bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Étude comparative entre l'alcoolisme psychiatrique et l'alcoolisme non-psychiatrique
Authors: Bendjilali Djilali , Boisvert Denis , Dongier Maurice
Published: April 2017

Determination of alcoholism or alcohol dependency syndrome in a given population requires a reliable questionnaire plus anamnestic and biological parameters. The authors have used the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) on a sample of 150 subjects over a three month period to detect alcoholism in a psychiatric versus a non-psychiatric population. They discuss the importance of a family type of alcoholism and conclude that a good percentage of primary alcoholics may present themselves with psychiatric features or seek psychiatric help.
Delusional (Paranoid) Disorders
Authors: Munro Alistair
Published: April 2017

The group of paranoid or delusional disorders, although not nearly as common as the mood and schizophrenic disorders, may be much more frequent than has usually been thought. DSM-III R has made a decisive step in recognizably defining at least one group of them. Interestingly, this change partly came about because the advent of an effective treatment helped to define that group more clearly.

Nevertheless, DSM-III R's classification is too restrictive, and it was wrong to exclude the diagnosis of paraphrenia. Cases fitting this description will have to be consigned to the category of Psychotic Disorder NOS, which will inevitably be a grab-bag of mixed diagnoses. Also, DSM-III R does not emphasize the link between the delusional disorders and paranoid schizophrenia, and the somewhat less well defined overlap with affective disorders, both of which give rise to much diagnostic confusion and inappropriate treatment.

Precise history taking and mental status examination and, above all, an up-to-date knowledge of their existence are essential to the recognition and appropriate treatment of the delusional disorders.
Forensic Psychiatrists' and Psychologists' Understanding of Insanity: Misguided Expertise?
Authors: Rogers Richard , Turner R. Edward , Helfield Randa , Dickens Susan
Published: April 2017

The ability of mental health experts to consult on insanity cases is highly dependent on their accurate understanding of the current Canadian standard. The study surveyed experienced forensic psychiatrists and psychologists and found the majority (88%) had erroneous beliefs regarding the insanity standard. Results of a discriminant analysis suggest that experience with insanity evaluations and courtroom testimony may improve experts' understanding. Implications of these results are discussed with respect to professional training and public policy.
Prediction of Regrets in Postoperative Transsexuals
Authors: Blanchard Ray , Steiner Betty W. , Clemmensen Leonard H. , Dickey Robert
Published: April 2017

This study investigated whether heterosexual males are more likely to regret sex reassignment surgery than homosexual males or females. Subjects were 111 postoperative transsexuals who had been surgically reassigned for at least one year, representing a follow-up rate of 84.1%. Subjects' feelings about surgery were assessed with self-administered questionnaires. None of the 61 homosexual females or 36 homosexual males consciously regretted surgery, compared to 4 of the 14 heterosexual males: a significant difference. This finding suggests that heterosexual applicants for sex reassignment should be evaluated with particular caution, although a heterosexual preference is not an absolute contraindication for surgery.
Effects of Trihexyphenidyl on Plasma Chlorpromazine in Young Schizophrenics*
Authors: Rockland Lawrence , Cooper Thomas , Schwartz Fred , Weber David , Sullivan Timothy
Published: April 2017

This study investigated the effects of trihexyphenidyl on chlorpromazine (CPZ) plasma levels and clinical state in 20 relatively young schizophrenic patients diagnosed using the DSM-III. Spontaneous changes in CPZ plasma levels over time were also examined.

Trihexyphenidyl significantly increased CPZ plasma levels (average 41 %) but did not produce clinical change. The trihexyphenidyl-induced increase in CPZ plasma levels was independent of CPZ oral dosage and of CPZ plasma levels. Chlorpromazine plasma levels decreased non significantly (about 13%) over the four weeks following steady state, but there was marked inter-subject variability, and CPZ levels rose in some subjects. Although identical CPZ doses produced widely variable plasma levels, CPZ plasma levels correlated significantly with oral dose.

The views that antiparkinsonian drugs interfere with neuroleptic efficacy, and do so by lowering neuroleptic plasma levels, are questioned.
Psychiatric Disorder and Substance Use in Adolescence
Authors: Michael H. Boyle , David R. Offord
Published: April 2017

This article examines the relationship between psychiatric disorder and the use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and hard drugs during adolescence. The sample of 1,302 adolescents aged 12 to 16 came from households selected by stratified, cluster and random sampling of the 1981 Canada Census. Symptom checklists were used to approximate diagnoses of conduct disorder, attention deficit disorder and emotional disorder. Logistic regression analyses indicated that conduct disorder was strongly related to all types of substance use and that emotional disorder was related to the use of tobacco, alcohol and hard drugs. These relationships were true for the adolescents' self-assessments only; the parents' assessments of psychiatric disorder were not related to the adolescents' reports of substance use.
Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Clinical and Related Issues in Pharmacological Treatment*
Authors: Reiter Sharon , Kutcher Stan , Gardner David
Published: April 2017

Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents are receiving more attention from clinicians and researchers. Psycho-pharmacological approaches to controlling symptoms of anxiety are possible as part of a multi-model treatment approach. This paper provides an overview of some recent findings in child and adolescent anxiety disorders that may influence treatment decisions. It also reviews studies of the use of benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants in treating children and adolescents who suffer from anxiety disorders, and suggests methods of integrating pharmacological treatment with other modalities in these disorders.
Stature, Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction: A Study of Males and Females from a Non Clinical Sample
Authors: Gupta Madhulika A. , Schork Nicholas J. , Dhaliwal Jagtaran S.
Published: April 2017

A study of 174 subjects selected from a Canadian shopping mall revealed an inverse correlation among the males but not among females between body stature and body image parameters related to dieting, body weight and shape (for example, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction). These correlations were independent of body weight. Among the females, there was a direct correlation between the Body Mass Index and these body image parameters. Height is generally associated with desirable looks and academic success among men and most likely has a positive effect upon body image. Therefore, males who are dissatisfied with their stature, a feature that is generally not within their control, may attempt to alter an aspect of their body that they can control (for example, weight). This finding may have important implications among males with eating disorders.
Behavioural Inhibition, Attachment and Anxiety in Children of Mothers with Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Manassis Katharina , Bradley Susan , Goldberg Susan , Hood Jane , Price Swinson Richard
Published: April 2017

Objective

This study examined the relationship between behavioural inhibition, insecure mother-child attachment and evidence of anxiety in the offspring of mothers with anxiety disorders.

Method

Twenty children aged 18 to 59 months who were born to 18 mothers with diagnosed anxiety disorders were examined for behavioural inhibition (Kagan's measures) and mother-child attachment (Strange Situation Procedure). Child anxiety was assessed using DSM-III-R criteria and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).

Results

Sixty-five percent of the children were behaviourally inhibited. They showed more somatic problems and fewer destructive behaviours than those who were not inhibited. Eighty percent of the children were insecurely attached. They had higher CBCL internalizing scores than secure children and three of them met diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders.

Conclusion

Though preliminary, this work suggests a need to identify children of anxious mothers as being at risk for anxiety, especially in the presence of inhibited temperament or attachment difficulties.
Conduct Disorder and Substance use Dlsorder: Comorbidity in a Clinical Sample of Preadolescents and Adolescents
Authors: Reebye P , Moretti Mm , Lessard Jc
Published: April 2017

Objective

To examine the rate of comorbidity between conduct disorder and substance use disorder in a clinical sample using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents - Revised.

Method

Examined the pattern of conduct disorder symptoms, including type, number, and severity, in conduct-disordered youth diagnosed with, and without a comorbid substance use disorder.

Results

The examination revealed no significant differences in the incidence of comorbidity between younger (aged 10 to 13) and older (above age 13) youth. Among youth who met criteria for conduct disorder, 52% also met criteria for a substance use disorder. Odds ratios indicated that the probability of comorbidity of conduct and substance use disorders was higher in the younger group.

Conclusion

Substance abuse and dependence tend to develop rapidly following first use, suggesting that a slim window of opportunity exists to prevent substance disorders once drug use has begun.
The Euthanasia Debate: Attitudes, Practices and Psychiatric Considerations
Authors: Chochinov Harvey Max , Wilson Keith G
Published: April 2017

Objective

To review the current status of the euthanasia debate by examining public and physician attitudes towards euthanasia, the practice of euthanasia in the Netherlands, recent developments in Canada and other countries, psychosocial considerations related to the desire for death in terminally inpatients, and the roles that psychiatrists may be asked to play in the event of legislative reform involving decriminalization.

Methods

A literature review was conducted focusing on recent surveys regarding physician and patient attitudes towards euthanasia, the role of psychiatrists and empirical data pertaining to the mental state of patients who request physician-hastened death.

Results

Psychiatric morbidity among patients requesting physician-hastened death is considerable.

Conclusion

As a special case of suicide, euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide are of particular relevance to mental health professionals.
Depot Neuroleptic Therapy: Clinical Considerations
Authors: Gary J. Remington , Martha E. Adams
Published: April 2017

The management of schizophrenia is generally a long-term process with neuroleptics representing the cornerstone of treatment. Although not without their own limitations, depot neuroleptics offer an important alternative to oral agents, and they should be routinely considered as an option in any long-term treatment planning. The present article reviews depot neuroleptics, and focuses particularly on clinical considerations pertaining to their use.
Towards a Critical Sociology of Democracy: The Potential of the Capability Approach
Authors: Bonvin Jean-Michel , Laruffa Francesco , Rosenstein Emilie
Published: April 2017

The aim of this article is to lay down the foundations of a critical sociology of democracy and participation. Based on Amartya Sen’s capability approach, we identify four major pitfalls of classical theories on justice and deliberative democracy: 1) an excessive emphasis on the procedural dimension of democracy at the expense of its substantial value; 2) an ideal of deliberation that does not sufficiently account for the inequalities that characterize actual participative practices; 3) an ideal approach to rationality which is inconsistent with the plurality of reasons to value and arguments that can be observed in social reality; and 4) a focus on official or institutionalized forms of deliberation that does not pay due attention to the many forms and dynamics of participation. We contend that, by contrast, Sen’s epistemology may be fruitful for the development of a critical sociology of democracy and suggest an agenda for empirical research on participation and deliberative practices.
Promoter methylation and gene polymorphism are two independent events in regulation of GSTP1 gene expression
Authors: Bhat Aaliya , Masood A , Wani KA , Bhat Younus Ahmad , Nissar Bushra , Khan Nuzhat Shaheen , Ganai BA
Published: April 2017

Breast carcinogenesis is a multistep process, involving both genetic and epigenetic modification process of genes, involved in diverse pathways ranging from DNA repair to metabolic processes. This study was undertaken to assess the role of promoter methylation of GSTP1 gene, a member of glutathione-S-transferase family of enzymes, in relation to its expression, polymorphism, and clinicopathological parameters. Tissue samples were taken from breast cancer patients and paired with their normal adjacent tissues. A total of 51 subjects were studied, in which the frequency of promoter methylation in cancerous tissue was 37.25% as against 11% in the normal tissues ( p ≤ 0.001). The hypermethylated status of the gene was significantly associated with the loss of the protein expression ( r = −0.449, p = 0.001, odds ratio = 7.42, 95% confidence interval = 2.05–26.92). Furthermore, when compared with the clinical parameters, the significant association was found between the promoter hypermethylation and lymph node metastasis ( p ≤ 0.001), tumor stage ( p = 0.039), tumor grade ( p = 0.028), estrogen receptor status ( p = 0.018), and progesterone receptor status ( p = 0.046). Our study is the first of its kind in Kashmiri population, which indicates that GSTP1 shows aberrant methylation pattern in the breast cancer with the consequent loss in the protein expression. Furthermore, it also shows that the gene polymorphism (Ile105Val) at codon 105 is not related to the promoter methylation and two are the independent events in breast cancer development.
Knocking down glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B suppresses the proliferation, migration, and invasion in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Yi-xiang , Qin Cai-peng , Zhang Xue-qi , Wang Qing-rong , Zhao Chu-biao , Yuan Ye-qing , Yang Jiang-gen
Published: April 2017

Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B is a type 1 transmembrane protein that has been recently found to play a role in cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion. Due to its potential responsibility in cancer aggressiveness, the main objective of this work was to investigate its expression in bladder cancer and the biological functions in bladder cancer cells. Using immunohistochemistry, western blot, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed the expression of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B in bladder cancer tissues and bladder cancer cell lines. The effects of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B on proliferation, migration, and invasion were tested after knocking down the glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B in bladder cancer cells with small interfering RNAs by CCK-8, Transwell, and Matrigel assays. Our results showed that glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B protein was highly expressed in the bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. Downregulating glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B could suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion in bladder cancer cells. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B expression was related to the poor differentiation and recurrence by immunohistochemistry analysis. The survival analysis also showed that glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B was related to the patient prognosis. In conclusion, Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B protein was highly expressed in the bladder cancer, which was related to the poor prognosis in bladder cancer patients. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion in bladder cancer cells.
A Mock Randomized Controlled Trial With Audience Response Technology for Teaching and Learning Epidemiology
Authors: Baker Philip R. A. , Francis Daniel P. , Cathcart Abby
Published: April 2017

The study’s objective was to apply and assess an active learning approach to epidemiology and critical appraisal. Active learning comprised a mock, randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted with learners in 3 countries. The mock trial consisted of blindly eating red Smarties candy (intervention) compared to yellow Smarties (control) to determine whether red Smarties increase happiness. Audience response devices were employed with the 3-fold purposes to produce outcome data for analysis of the effects of red Smarties, identify baseline and subsequent changes in participant’s knowledge and confidence in understanding of RCTs, and assess the teaching approach. Of those attending, 82% (117 of 143 learners) participated in the trial component. Participating in the mock trial was a positive experience, and the use of the technology aided learning. The trial produced data that learners analyzed in “real time” during the class. The mock RCT is a fun and engaging approach to teaching RCTs and helping students to develop skills in critical appraisal.
Factor Structure and Invariance of an Adolescent Risks and Needs Assessment
Authors: Strand Paul S. , Gotch Chad M. , French Brian F. , Beaver Jessica L.
Published: April 2017

The Washington Assessment of Risks and Needs of Students is a youth self-report screening instrument developed for use by high school and juvenile court personnel faced with the legal and practical challenges of high truancy and dropout rates. It purports to measure six facets of risks and needs of youth relevant to improving school outcomes. In this study, a bifactor model measuring a general factor and six specific factors was examined for fit and invariance across different groups defined by sex and race/ethnicity, with a sample of court-petitioned high school students ( N = 937; ages 13-17 years). The results of multigroup confirmatory factor analysis revealed an essentially invariant bifactor structure across the groups. Further analysis of reliability support the use of the general factor to guide decision making for youth at risk for truancy and school failure, and scores deriving from the six specific factors as providing insight on specific areas of risk and need.
Teaching Undergraduate Journalism Students Foreign Correspondence: Can It Be Done?
Authors: Woolley Bruce
Published: April 2017

The University of Queensland has conducted five international field reporting courses in India and Vietnam since 2012,1 as well as three more courses based on similar work integrated learning principles (i.e., intensive, immersive and experiential) on campus at St Lucia in Brisbane during the same period. Previous research has found them to be valuable pedagogical innovations that have led to solid academic outcomes. The students themselves have also reported enjoying greater self-confidence, better reporting and technical skills, and increased employment prospects as a direct result of taking part in these courses. Some of that research is re-examined in this article but in a new light, given that the main focus here is on whether these courses in fact deliver on another important promise: to teach the core skills required of a foreign correspondent. To discover what those core skills might be, the researcher explored the extensive literature written by former and current correspondents about their experiences and their lessons learned. He also approached 12 former colleagues at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), all of whom have been high profile international reporters, correspondents and producers, and invited them to offer their unstructured reflections on this question. These insights have then been filtered and assessed through the researcher’s own reflections of working as a foreign correspondent for the ABC in London between 1984 and 1987. The results are both encouraging and challenging. They suggest that while the students and their teachers are largely satisfied with the reporting, technical and personal skills that have been taught and learned, many correspondents consider that their core attributes include extensive experience in senior reporting roles prior to heading overseas, where the basic skills have been honed to the highest degree. That, of course, is something that no undergraduate could ever claim to have achieved.
Bribery and Extortion in Kyrgyz Journalism or Simply Profitable Profession?
Authors: Kurambayev Bahtiyar
Published: April 2017

This paper highlights the difficulties confronting journalists in Kyrgyzstan, who face a number of problems, including poor rates of pay, little or no ethical training, and a situation in which they, and the media organizations they work for, are prepared to receive payment for covering or declining to cover a story. The result: envelopes containing cash are seen as an acceptable way of supplementing journalistic incomes. The study involves in-depth qualitative interviews with 27 journalists in Bishkek, capital of Kyrgyzstan, from 4 to 23 January 2016. The author concludes that while it would be almost impossible to remove the practices identified above, universities could play an important role in helping new generations of reporters overcome such temptations by including more ethics in the journalism curriculum.
Fatigue and physical functioning in children with multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Authors: Toussaint-Duyster Leontien CC , Wong Yu Yi M , Van der Cammen-van Zijp Monique HM , Van Pelt-Gravesteijn Daniëlle , Catsman-Berrevoets Coriene E , Hintzen Rogier Q , Neuteboom Rinze F
Published: April 2017

Background and Objective:

Fatigue and physical impairments are a major concern in children with multiple sclerosis (MS) and after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (post-ADEM). We here aimed to evaluate the interaction between fatigue, exercise capacity, motor performance, neurological status, and quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, data of 38 children (MS n = 22, post-ADEM n = 16), aged 4–17 years attending our national pediatric MS center, were studied. Fatigue was measured with the Pediatric Quality of Life Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, exercise capacity with the Bruce Protocol, motor performance with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children second edition, HRQoL with the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire, and extent of disability with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

Results:

Children with MS and post-ADEM experienced more fatigue ( p < 0.001), reduced exercise capacity ( p < 0.001), and impaired motor performance ( p < 0.001), despite low scores on the EDSS. Fatigue, but not the other parameters, was significantly correlated with HRQoL. Fatigue was not correlated with exercise capacity.

Conclusion:

We confirm the major impact of fatigue on quality of life in children with MS and post-ADEM. Fatigue was not explained by reduced exercise capacity or impaired motor performance. An important finding for clinical practice is that the low EDSS score did not reflect the poor physical functioning.
Self-directed exercise in multiple sclerosis: Evaluation of a home automated tele-management system
Authors: Conroy Susan S , Zhan Min , Culpepper William J , Royal Walter , Wallin Mitchell T
Published: April 2017

Introduction

Physical rehabilitation is one of the few non-pharmaceutical therapies for maintaining or improving walking ability for patients with multiple sclerosis. However, travel distance to rehabilitation clinics, neurological disability and insurance coverage often limit access to specialised rehabilitation services. To address these issues, we utilised a web-based system to support a home-based self-directed exercise programme.

Methods

Patients ( n = 24) were randomised to either routine home rehabilitation or to the multiple sclerosis home automated tele-management system for a six-month period. The study group had a mean age of 50.4 years, 56% of patients were male, and 67% had progressive multiple sclerosis with an overall mean Patient Determined Disease Steps score of 4.4 (cane or crutch required for walking). Key outcomes included the timed 25-foot-walk, six-minute-walk and the Berg Balance Scale.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in the change of the primary walking outcome measure, timed 25-foot-walk, at six months between the home automated tele-management intervention and control groups ( p = 0.44). Similarly, change scores for the six-minute-walk were not significantly different between the home automated tele-management or control groups at six months.

Discussion

Maintaining overall gait abilities in this group of predominantly progressive multiple sclerosis patients is notable. Exercise adherence was positively associated with higher multiple sclerosis disability and self-reported walking ability. Study engagement and participation in routine home-based exercise for the entire study period was challenging. Further research using clinical video telerehabilitation techniques that optimise patient involvement warrants further study.
Stitching it all together: Service producers and the spatial dynamics of screen media labor
Authors: Sanson Kevin
Published: April 2017

The following draws attention to the rather messy and uncertain aspects of international production as well as the increasingly shared turmoil screen media workers face no matter their geographical location. I argue that international production is not just an inevitable consequence of cost cutting and public subsidy but a product of human labor obscured in both popular and scholarly accounts of runaway production. I furthermore highlight the contours of that labor by drawing attention to the work of service producers in Eastern Europe. Looking more closely at conditions ‘on the ground’ makes visible the demanding and vulnerable nature of that work, and underscores the shifting spatial dynamics of screen media labor worldwide.
Effect of temperature on galloping of iced conductors
Authors: Li Guo , Li Li
Published: April 2017

This article investigates the effect of temperature on galloping of iced conductors, accounting for the influence of sagging and geometric nonlinearity. By extending Irvine’s cable theory to thermo-elasticity problems, an analytical model is proposed to evaluate the effect of thermal stress on galloping of transmission lines. The Lindstedt–Poincare method is then used to solve the model so that the closed-form approximate solution is derived. The derived solution is then verified using numerical examples, which also displays the variation in galloping amplitude with temperature, as well as with respect to static horizontal tension, span length and wind speed. It is concluded that the thermal stress may have effects on galloping amplitude and that the temperature effects should not be neglected. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on galloping amplitude is related to static horizontal tension, span length and wind speed, and a positive temperature change does not necessarily decrease the galloping amplitude.
Thinking technology for the Anthropocene: encountering 3D printing through the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon
Authors: Roberts Tom
Published: April 2017

The notion that the Earth has entered a new epoch characterized by the ubiquity of anthropogenic change presents the social sciences with something of a paradox, namely, that the point at which we recognize our species to be a geologic force is also the moment where our assumed metaphysical privilege becomes untenable. Cultural geography continues to navigate this paradox in conceptually innovative ways through its engagements with materialist philosophies, more-than-human thinking and experimental modes of ontological enquiry. Drawing upon the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon, this article contributes to these timely debates by articulating the paradox of the Anthropocene in relation to technological processes. Simondon’s philosophy precedes the identification of the Anthropocene epoch by a number of decades, yet his insistence upon situating technology within an immanent field of material processes resonates with contemporary geographical concerns in a number of important ways. More specifically, Simondon’s conceptual vocabulary provides a means of framing our entanglements with technological processes without assuming a metaphysical distinction between human beings and the forces of nature. In this article, I show how Simondon’s concepts of individuation and transduction intersect with this technological problematic through his far-reaching critique of the ‘hylomorphic’ distinction between matter and form. Inspired by Simondon’s original account of the genesis of a clay brick, the article unfolds these conceptual challenges through two contrasting empirical encounters with 3D printing technologies. In doing so, my intention is to lend an affective consistency to Simondon’s problematic, and to do so in a way that captures the kinds of material mutations expressive of a particular technological moment.
An optimization method to improve the performance of unmanned aerial vehicle wireless sensor networks
Authors: Cao Hui-Ru , Yang Zhi , Yue Xue-Jun , Liu Yong-Xin
Published: April 2017

Wireless sensor networks have made great progress in recent years in every aspect of our life. To extend their range of application and provide a further effective option for remote surveillance, unmanned aerial vehicles have been gradually introduced into sensor networks, due to their advantages of flexibility, mobility, and ease of realization. Despite the success of various applications and studies in this new field, unmanned aerial vehicle–wireless sensor network still faces many open challenges, such as the unmanned aerial vehicle capable system framework, land-wireless sensor network management, and unmanned aerial vehicle mission planning strategies. In the article, we propose a cooperative framework for unmanned aerial vehicle–wireless sensor network, which is composed of sensor nodes, fixed-group leaders, and a unmanned aerial vehicle-Sink, in which a three-layer hierarchical network is formed. A land-wireless sensor network k-means driven grouping approach is then presented, which considers the communication performance, the position, and other factors. Additionally, a simulated annealing algorithm is employed to detect the optimal flight trajectory according the ground wireless sensor network architecture. Finally, the proposed approach is compared to other related approaches, and the results have shown better performance of our proposal in terms of energy consumption, flying time, and other relevant evaluation criteria.
A simplified reliability analysis method for cloud computing systems considering common-cause failures
Authors: Li Ruiying , Li Qiong , Huang Ning , Kang Rui
Published: April 2017

Virtualization is one of the main features of cloud computing systems, which enables building multiple virtual machines on a single server. However, this feature brings new challenge in reliability modeling, as the failure of the server will make all its co-located virtual machines inoperable, which is a typical common-cause failure. To satisfy the demand of the cloud computing system, the reliability of the system is defined as the probability that at least a given number of virtual machines are operable. State-space enumeration is one method to calculate such reliability; however, due to the large number of combinations, it is time-consuming and impractical. To solve this problem, we propose a simplified reliability analysis method based on fault tree and state-space models. Two illustrative examples are studied to show the process and the effectiveness of our method. State enumeration and Monte Carlo simulation are also used to prove the correctness of our method as back-to-back verifications. Compared to the reliability analysis without considering common-cause failures, our results are quite different, which illustrates the necessity of considering common-cause failures in the reliability of cloud computing systems.
Development of Distinct Body Mass Index Trajectories Among Children Before Age 5 Years: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Lynch Brian A. , Rutten Lila J. Finney , Ebbert Jon O. , Kumar Seema , Yawn Barbara P. , Jacobson Debra , Sauver Jennifer St.
Published: April 2017

The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased over the past 3 decades. This study was designed to understand how childhood body mass index (BMI) influences later risk of obesity. We calculated BMIs for children residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2012 using medical records data. We defined homogenous BMI trajectory clusters using a nonparametric hill-climbing algorithm. Overall, 16,538 (47%) children had >3 weight assessments at least 1 year apart and were included in the analyses. Within the 8-year follow-up period, children who were younger than 2 years and overweight had a 3- fold increase of obesity (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 3.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.69-3.89) and those aged 5 years and overweight had a 10-fold increased risk of obesity (adjusted HR = 9.97, 95% CI = 8.55-11.62). Three distinct BMI trajectories could be distinguished prior to 5 years of age. The risk of developing obesity in those who are overweight increased dramatically with increasing age. Interventions to prevent obesity need to occur prior to school age to prevent children from entering unhealthy BMI trajectories.
Understanding Suicide Risk Within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Framework: Insights, Challenges, and Future Research Considerations
Authors: Glenn Catherine R. , Cha Christine B. , Kleiman Evan M. , Nock Matthew K.
Published: April 2017

Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Prior research has focused primarily on sociodemographic and psychiatric risk factors with little improvement in the prediction or prevention of suicidal behavior over time. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) may be an especially useful framework for advancing research in this area. This article provides a brief and broad overview of research on suicidal behavior relating to each of the RDoC domains—highlighting the RDoC construct(s) where research has focused, the construct(s) where research is lacking, and suggestions for future research directions. We also discuss major challenges for suicide research within the RDoC framework, including the intersection of RDoC domains, interaction of domains with the environment, incorporation of developmental stage, integration of distal and proximal processes, and inclusion of suicide-specific constructs. We conclude by underscoring important considerations for future research aimed at using the RDoC framework to study suicidal behavior and other forms of psychopathology.
China’s Experience of Protecting the Great Wall: The Giant Linear Cultural Heritage
Authors: Xiaofan Huang
Published: April 2017

The Great Wall of China is a cultural and spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation, and occupies an irreplaceable position in the hearts and minds of the people. It is an integrated system composed of a series of walls, beacons, watch towers, forts and castles and so on. The ancient Chinese incorporated rivers and precipitous mountains and cliffs into the design of the Great Wall as natural barriers. In 2005, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of P.R. China launched a 10-year national Great Wall research and protection plan, called the ‘Great Wall Protection Project (2005–2014)’. The work has included comprehensive field survey, protection legislation, documentation, management responsibilities, educational outreach, implementing special laws and a series of protection projects of sections of the Wall.
miR-155 promotes FLT3-ITD–induced myeloproliferative disease through inhibition of the interferon response
Authors: Wallace Jared A. , Kagele Dominique A. , Eiring Anna M. , Kim Carissa N. , Hu Ruozhen , Runtsch Marah C. , Alexander Margaret , Huffaker Thomas B. , Lee Soh-Hyun , Patel Ami B. , Mosbruger Timothy L. , Voth Warren P. , Rao Dinesh S. , Miles Rodney R. , Round June L. , Deininger Michael W. , O’Connell Ryan M.
Published: April 2017

Key Points

miR-155 promotes myeloproliferation in the bone marrow, spleen, and blood of mice carrying the FLT3-ITD mutation. miR-155 suppresses the IFN response in FLT3-ITD+ mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, as well as FLT3-ITD+ human AML cells.
FLI1 level during megakaryopoiesis affects thrombopoiesis and platelet biology
Authors: Vo Karen K. , Jarocha Danuta J. , Lyde Randolph B. , Hayes Vincent , Thom Christopher S. , Sullivan Spencer K. , French Deborah L. , Poncz Mortimer
Published: April 2017

Key Points

Paris-Trousseau syndrome is solely a result of FLI1 hemizygous deletion, with ETS1 levels being normal. Elevated FLI1 levels in megakaryocytes do not interfere with and may enhance megakaryopoiesis.
Automated displacement measurements on historical canvases
Authors: Del Sette Fausto , Patané Fabrizio , Rossi Stefano , Torre Mauro , Cappa Paolo
Published: April 2017

Background

In this paper we describe a configurable system based on laser displacement sensors for the contactless acquisition of 3D and 2D shapes of near-planar objects such as the paintings.

Methods

The system is based on two single-point laser triangulation sensors, a planar robot and a suite of software for driving the sensors, acquiring and post-processing the collected data. As a demonstration of the developed system we monitored three artifacts with the different aims to monitor the elastic properties of the artworks and the effectiveness of support frames in compensating the micro-climate fluctuations: the “Annunciazione” Antonello da Messina, the “Paliotto di San Domenico”, and the “Portiera Oddi-Montesperelli”.

Results

In the “Annunciazione” case, the canvas response to tensioning trials was analyzed. The collected data permitted to quantify a maximum displacement of 0.9 and 1.5 mm for the tensioning tests at 1 and 2 mm, respectively. In the “Portiera” case, the displacement difference between the left and right canvas sides was (1.0 ± 0.13)%, due to the inherent anisotropy of the material and by the structure of the artifact. In the “Paliotto” case, instead, minor displacement variations of the gilt leather due to the environment were observed, due to the analysis conducted prior of the restoration.

Conclusions

The overall obtained results demonstrated that the system is able to provide useful data for the art conservation field, with a max inaccuracy less than 100 μm.
Dynamics of growth zone patterning in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus
Authors: Auman Tzach , Vreede Barbara M. I. , Weiss Aryeh , Hester Susan D. , Williams Terri A. , Nagy Lisa M. , Chipman Ariel D.
Published: April 2017

We describe the dynamic process of abdominal segment generation in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. We present detailed morphological measurements of the growing germband throughout segmentation. Our data are complemented by cell division profiles and expression patterns of key genes, including invected and even-skipped as markers for different stages of segment formation. We describe morphological and mechanistic changes in the growth zone and in nascent segments during the generation of individual segments and throughout segmentation, and examine the relative contribution of newly formed versus existing tissue to segment formation. Although abdominal segment addition is primarily generated through the rearrangement of a pool of undifferentiated cells, there is nonetheless proliferation in the posterior. By correlating proliferation with gene expression in the growth zone, we propose a model for growth zone dynamics during segmentation in which the growth zone is functionally subdivided into two distinct regions: a posterior region devoted to a slow rate of growth among undifferentiated cells, and an anterior region in which segmental differentiation is initiated and proliferation inhibited.
RARβ2 is required for vertebrate somitogenesis
Authors: Janesick Amanda , Tang Weiyi , Nguyen Tuyen T. L. , Blumberg Bruce
Published: April 2017

During vertebrate somitogenesis, retinoic acid is known to establish the position of the determination wavefront, controlling where new somites are permitted to form along the anteroposterior body axis. Less is understood about how RAR regulates somite patterning, rostral-caudal boundary setting, specialization of myotome subdivisions, or the specific RAR subtype that is required for somite patterning. Characterizing the function of RARβ has been challenging due to the absence of embryonic phenotypes in murine loss-of-function studies. Using the Xenopus system, we show that RARβ2 plays a specific role in somite number and size, restriction of the presomitic mesoderm anterior border, somite chevron morphology and hypaxial myoblast migration. Rarβ2 is the RAR subtype whose expression is most up-regulated in response to ligand and its localization in the trunk somites positions it at the right time and place to respond to embryonic retinoid levels during somitogenesis. RARβ2 positively regulates Tbx3 a marker of hypaxial muscle, and negatively regulates Tbx6 via Ripply2 to restrict the anterior boundaries of the presomitic mesoderm and caudal progenitor pool. These results demonstrate for the first time an early and essential role for RARβ2 in vertebrate somitogenesis.
Interactive effects of oxygen, carbon dioxide and flow on photosynthesis and respiration in the scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis
Authors: Osinga Ronald , Derksen-Hooijberg Marlous , Wijgerde Tim , Verreth Johan A. J.
Published: April 2017

Rates of dark respiration and net photosynthesis were measured on six replicate clonal fragments of the stony coral Galaxea fascicularis (Linnaeus 1767), which were incubated under twelve different combinations of dissolved oxygen (20%, 100% and 150% saturation), dissolved carbon dioxide (9.5 and 19.1 μmol L−1) and water flow (1-1.6 cm s−1 versus 4-13 cm s−1) in a repeated measures design. Dark respiration was enhanced by increased flow and increased oxygen saturation in an interactive way, which relates to improved oxygen influx into the coral tissue. Oxygen saturation did not influence net photosynthesis: neither hypoxia nor hyperoxia affected net photosynthesis, irrespective of flow and pH, which suggests that hyperoxia does not induce high rates of photorespiration in this coral. Flow and pH had a synergistic effect on net photosynthesis: at high flow, a decrease in pH stimulated net photosynthesis by 14%. These results indicate that for this individual of G. fascicularis, increased uptake of carbon dioxide rather than increased efflux of oxygen explains the beneficial effect of water flow on photosynthesis. Rates of net photosynthesis measured in this study are among the highest ever recorded for scleractinian corals and confirm a strong scope for growth.
Comparison of functional and anatomical estimations of visual acuity in two species of coral reef fish
Authors: Parker Amira N. , Fritsches Kerstin A. , Newport Cait , Wallis Guy , Siebeck Ulrike E.
Published: April 2017

The high contrast, complex patterns typical of many reef fish serve several purposes, including providing disruptive camouflage and a basis for vision-based communication. In trying to understand the role of a specific pattern it is important to first assess the extent to which an observer can resolve the pattern, itself determined, at least in part, by the observer’s visual acuity. In this study, we study the visual acuity of two species of reef fish using both anatomical and behavioural estimates. The two species in question share a common habitat but are members of different trophic levels (predator vs. herbivore/omnivore) and perform different visual tasks. On the basis of the anatomical study we estimated visual acuity to lie between 4.1 – 4.6 cycles per degree (cpd) for Pomacentrus amboinensis and 3.2 – 3.6 cpd for Pseudochromis fuscus. Behavioural acuity estimates were considerably lower, ranging between 1.29 and 1.36 cpd for Pomacentrus amboinensis and 1.61 and 1.71 cpd for Pseudochromis fuscus. Our results show that two species from the same habitat have only moderately divergent visual capabilities, despite differences in their general life histories. The difference between anatomical and behavioural estimates is an important finding as the majority of our current knowledge on the resolution capabilities of reef fish comes from anatomical measurements. Our findings suggest that anatomical estimates may represent the highest potential acuity of fish but are not indicative of actual performance, and that there is unlikely to be a simple scaling factor to link the two measures across all fish species.
Specialist-generalist model of body temperature regulation can be applied on the intraspecific level
Authors: Przybylska Anna S. , Boratyński Jan S. , Wojciechowski Michał S. , Jefimow Małgorzata
Published: April 2017

According to theoretical predictions endothermic homeotherms can be classified as either thermal specialists and thermal generalists. In high cost environments thermal specialists are supposed to be more prone to use facultative heterothermy than generalists. We tested this hypothesis on the intraspecific level using laboratory male mice (C57BL/cmdb) fasted under different thermal conditions (20 and 10°C), and for different time periods (12-48 h). We predicted that variability of body temperature (Tb) and time spent with Tb below normothermy increase with the increase of environmental demands (duration of fasting and cold). To verify the above prediction, we measured Tb and energy expenditure of fasted mice. We did not record torpor bouts but we found that variations in Tb and time spent in hypothermia increased with environmental demands. In response to fasting, mice also decreased their energy expenditure. Moreover, we found that animals that showed more precise thermoregulation when fed, had more variable Tb when fasted. We postulate that the prediction of the thermoregulatory generalist-specialist trade-off can be applied on the intraspecific level, offering a valid tool to seek for mechanistic explanations of the differences in animal responses to variations in energy supply.
The Effect of Public Insurance Coverage for Childless Adults on Labor Supply
Authors: Dague Laura , DeLeire Thomas , Leininger Lindsey
Published: April 2017

This study provides plausibly causal estimates of the effect of public insurance coverage on the employment of non-elderly, nondisabled adults without dependent children (“childless adults”). We take advantage of the sudden imposition of an enrollment cap in Wisconsin, comparing the labor supply of enrollees to eligible applicants placed on a waitlist using a regression discontinuity design and difference-in-differences methods. We find enrollment into public insurance leads to sizable and statistically meaningful reductions in employment, with an estimated effect size of just over 5 percentage points, a 12 percent decline. Confidence intervals rule out positive and large negative effects. (JEL G22, H75, I13, I18, I38, J22)