bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing modules for local storage and handling of cache memory defects information in a processor with non-volatile memory
Authors: Tsoy M. O. , Alfonso D. M.
Published: December 2020

Problem statement. Due to the downsizing of technological process in microprocessor manufacturing, the number of possible manufacturing defects in the microprocessor chip increases, some types of which can only appear during the main operation of the microprocessor. The hardware implementation of the module for storing and processing information on cache memory defects of the processor with non-volatile memory is considered to neutralize such defects and, as a result, increase the number of usable microprocessors.

Objective. Research of various implementation options for such a module, identification of related problems and methods for their solution, synthesis of the described implementation options using computer-aided engineering (CAD) and comparison of the obtained characteristics.

Results. The implementation that occupies the smallest area on the chip, intended for implementation in the Elbrus-12C microprocessor under development, was found based on the synthesis results analysis.

Practical implications. The paper describes the issues and the way of their solution, taking into account modern requirements for development to increase the number of usable processors.
A study on the image of school staff and faculty members responsible for schools and community development in a declining population-Focusing on Korean teachers
Authors: Ozaki Kimiko
Published: December 2020

In rural areas of Japan and South Korea, where some small populations are situated, schools take on a great importance because they foster a sense of community and vibrancy in a village. The problems associated with these smaller schools is exacerbated by many factors, such as declining
populations, as more and more people move from rural areas to larger towns and cities. Japan, in particular, is experiencing challenges with schools in the low upland areas closing. One of the big challenges with the closures of rural schools is how the children in these communities can access
education. Professor Kimiko Ozaki has established a collaborative project with researchers in Japan and South Korea. Based within the Department of Human Science and Environment at the University of Hyogo in Japan, Ozaki has embarked on a study that aims to understand the future implications
of the situation for Japan by looking at the current environment in South Korea.
The Interactional Relationship between Learning Mechanisms and Other Factors (Learning Conditions/Individual Differences) in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Koyanagi Kaoru
Published: December 2020

Second language acquisition is the process of acquiring a second language. Second language acquisition also refers to the scientific discipline that looks at this process. Research on instructed second language acquisition can shed light on learning mechanisms and processes, helping
to advance second language education. Professor Kaoru Koyanagi, who collected data from French students of Japanese at the National Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilizations in France, is exploring how learning mechanisms interact with other factors such as learners' aptitude, motivation,
beliefs etc. to help uncover new knowledge that could contribute to Japanese language pedagogy.
A comparison research between Korea and Japan concerning the practical education for industrial innovation by Industry-University collaboration
Authors: Ono Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

Professor Hiroyuki Ono, Sojeong Lee from the Graduate School of Science and Engineering at Yamagata University and Professor Masakazu Kimura at Shizuoka University , are comparing practical education for industrial innovation in Japan and South Korea. The findings will provide huge
benefits to education programmes featuring industry-academia collaborations in both countries.
Exploring the process of teacher development toward teaching English by using the Trajectory Equifinality Modelling approach: Elementary, middle and high school comparison
Authors: Toya Mitsuyo
Published: December 2020

Within the education system in Japan, English classes have historically been conducted in Japanese. While the reasons for this are obvious, there are potential pitfalls, including the fact that such classes depend on translating English to Japanese and explaining grammar principles
in Japanese. In 2008 The Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology introduced a major reform to the teaching of English. The policy reform specifically related to high school English classes, but in 2019 it was updated to include junior high school classrooms.
This policy placed increasing pressure on Japanese school teachers to teach English in English. Despite this increased pressure to speak English exclusively during class time, a 2019 survey found that many teachers choose to ignore the guidelines. Professor Mitsuyo Toya, who is an expert in
applied linguistics and TEFL and is based at the University of the Ryukyus in Japan, is part of a team exploring the process of teacher development for teaching English in Japan. By using the Trajectory Equifinality Modelling approach, the team hopes to suggest improvements that the education
sector can put in place to benefit students and teachers alike.
Study of time series characteristics by statistical properties of cryptocurrency prices and multifractal analysis
Authors: Takaishi Tetsuya
Published: December 2020

Physicist Professor Tetsuya Takaishi is based at the liberal arts education center, Hiroshima University of Economics in Japan, and is conducting research on a variety of cryptocurrencies. His research is focused on clarifying the mechanism of price fluctuations, in particular answering
questions about the volatility inherent in cryptocurrencies, including understanding what affects the price of cryptocurrencies and why the price fluctuates in the way that it does. His chief focus is on cryptocurrencies, specifically Bitcoin, which is the most well-known of the cryptocurrencies.
Takaishi's latest project is investigating the statistical nature of Bitcoin price fluctuations.
Cleaning the City and Regreening the Land for Positive Chain of Food Production, and Countermeasure for Conflicts among Farmers and Herders in Sahel, West Africa
Authors: Oyama Shuichi
Published: December 2020

Desertification refers to the degradation of land. In the process, biological productivity is lost. This can occur for many reasons, including natural processes and human activities. It is difficult, if not impossible, to grow crops and fodder on land where desertification has occurred
as the land is unfertile. This is a growing problem in countries around the world. The impact is particularly significant when desertification occurs in countries where semi-arid regions are located, as these are the places where vast quantities of plants are grown. With the demand for food
on the rise as the human population continues to grow, this is becoming a bigger and bigger issue. Professor Shuichi Oyama, Centre for African Area Studies (CAAS), Kyoto University, Japan, is interested in the unequal arrangement between rural residents who grow food and city residents who
consume food, which is one of the factors leading to desertification. He is keen to redress the imbalance of nutrients and prevent and reverse desertification in order that crops and fodder can be replenished and the future of civilisation protected. Oyama's focus is on regreening land where
desertification has occurred, as well as cleaning up cities across the Sahel, West Africa. This involves returning organic waste, including animal manure and plant residue, from cities to degraded land in rural areas, where it can help replenish the chemical, physical and biological soil properties.
The research is expected to positively impact food production and the fertility of land, as well as reaping societal benefits such as preventing ethnic conflicts among farmers and herders in central Sahel.
"Slave labour" and locatio conductio in Ancient Rome
Authors: Igimi Mariko
Published: December 2020

Professor Mariko Igimi believes that there are important lessons that can be learned from exploring Roman law. Based at Kyushu University, Japan, Igimi is researching Roman law and the important retrospective lessons it has for modern legal systems and society. In particular, she is
interested in slave labour in ancient Rome and exploring the relationship between Roman slaves and their owners. She believes discoveries from this research can be applied to modern law, specifically the relationship between employers and employees in Japan, as well as AI-related legal issues.
Construction of omni-directional elastic modulus evaluation system using lamb wave for fabric
Authors: Akasaka Shuichi
Published: December 2020

Engineers and materials scientists are constantly working to improve the quality of our built environments and vehicles, including noise levels and vibration. The researchers pursuing the duel goals of safety and comfort are increasingly being challenged as the projects they work on
advance technologically, in size and are constructed with new materials. Buildings grow taller and must compensate for greater movement and vibrations from wind or shifting foundations. Cars especially are undergoing drastic changes that require a rethinking of the material and designs of
their frames, panels, doors and windows. The advent of electric motors for example, has reduced overall noise but shifted the frequency of sound higher, making them more uncomfortable. Assistant Professor Shuichi Akasaka, who is based in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering
at Tokyo Institute of Technology in Japan, is carrying out research to design new materials that reduce vibration and noise, and create the quiet, safe automobiles and living spaces of the future.
Opening up research in social sciences
Authors: Annette Lucy
Published: December 2020

The Open Research Area (ORA) for Social Sciences is an international initiative that provides social science research funding and support. It was founded in 2010 by members of the Bonn Group and based on agreement by European social science funding bodies The Agence Nationale de la
Recherche (ANR), France, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany, the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), UK, and the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), the Netherlands. The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), Canada, later
joined, as well as the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) as an associate member. ORA facilitates collaborative social sciences research by bringing together researchers from participating countries. Researchers from the partner countries who fulfil the eligibility criteria
of their national funding organisation apply to the ORA office handling the year's applications and Japanese researchers submit their applications to JSPS Tokyo. ORA accepts applications from all areas of the social sciences and there is a key focus on supporting young researchers at the beginning
of their careers, helping them to extend the reach of their work and network on an international scale. Ultimately, ORA exists to drive forward high-quality research and strengthen international collaboration in social sciences research. So far, five rounds of ORA have been successfully completed,
with more than 60 international collaborative proposals funded across diverse social sciences fields, including political science, economics, empirical social science, psychology, geography, urban planning and education science.
Action Reseach on Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in Higher Education
Authors: Fujii Atsunori
Published: December 2020

Atsunori Fujii is a researcher based in the Junior College at the Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Japan, whose work revolves around action research on universal design for learning (UDL) in higher education. Fujii and his team are exploring the potential effectiveness of UDL in the
higher education classroom setting. The researchers first offered options based on UDL framework to students in traditional lessons, to investigate how it affects a student's willingness to learn, metacognition, and use of learning strategies. In the next step of the project, they focused
on flipped classrooms using ICT. They tested the usefulness of the different types of prior learning content in linear algebra lessons and then conducted a survey to discover the students' thoughts. As a result of that action research, the researchers confirmed that lessons based on UDL had
a positive impact on students' motivation, even improving students' attitudes towards learning.
Donas do castelo: a introdução do empoderamento feminino no comportamento das Princesas Disney e a proposição de um instrumento de análise
Authors: Lemos Júlia Fernanda Backes , Barth Mauricio
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivos (1) analisar como, ao longo das décadas, o empoderamento feminino foi introduzido no comportamento das Princesas Disney e, ainda, (2) desenvolver um instrumento de análise do empoderamento feminino presente no cinema, (3) aplicando-o a Princesas Disney previamente selecionadas. Para isso, foram capturados keyframes de filmes, conforme critério de contribuição dos mesmos para com a pesquisa. A análise baseou-se em um instrumento desenvolvido e proposto pelos autores, intitulado Análise de Características Feministas em Personagens Femininos no Cinema, através do qual foi possível explorar o feminismo presente nas narrativas. Ao final do trabalho, as análises detalhadas das narrativas indicam as características feministas presentes nas Princesas Disney e apontam a maneira gradual em que tais características foram incorporadas na personalidade de cada princesa, comprovando a evolução do empoderamento feminino nas personagens através dos anos.DOI: 10.21882/ruc.v8i15.844 Recebido em: 14/09/2020 Aceito em: 26/11/2020
O potencial de experiência aurática em fotografias em preto e branco
Authors: Boroski Marcia
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a partir de quais formas a fotografia em preto e branco (p&b) tem o potencial de proporcionar experiência aurática e, para tanto, fazemos uma discussão teórica sobre os conceitos de fotografia em p&b (FLUSSER, 2018; AUGUSTO; TOUTAIN, 2016; HEDGECOE, 2013), experiência estética (CAETANO, 2013; SANTOS, 2010), efeitos de sentido e de presença (GUMBRECHT, 2010) e experiência aurática (BENJAMIN, 1994, 2014; DIDI-HUBERMAN, 2010), além de propor uma aplicação do debate teórico em fotografias em p&b finalistas do prêmio World Press Photo, as quais consideramos representativas do potencial de experiência aurática. Como resultados, percebemos que a vocação do p&b para expressão do volume e o aprofundamento do espaço contribuem para o seu potencial de experiência aurática.DOI: 10.21882/ruc.v8i15.845 Recebido em: 15/10/2020 Aceito em: 23/11/2020
Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes: os sentidos do popular
Authors: Teixeira Filho Clóvis
Published: December 2020

Nesta entrevista, a autora faz um breve percurso a partir de sua formação e suas vivências, passando pelos temas relacionados à pesquisa em Comunicação e finaliza com os estudos sobre telenovela. Ainda que o roteiro pareça conhecido para quem acompanha a sua obra, emergem temas transversais como a tecnicidade, as mudanças do consumo midiático e da recepção e até sugestões para futuras pesquisas. Um relato propositivo e instigante aos pesquisadores da Comunicação. DOI: 10.21882/ruc.v8i15.848 Recebido em: 30/10/2020 Aceito em: 30/10/2020
Um futuro construído no passado: a necessária imersão na história para formação da memória da Ciência do Jornal
Authors: Ribeiro Alexsandro Teixeira
Published: December 2020

Resenha do livro:RÜDIGER, Francisco. Origens do pensa-mento acadêmico em jornalismo: Alema-nha, União Soviética e Japão. Florianópolis: Insular, 2017.DOI: 10.21882/ruc.v8i15.850 Recebido em: 21/11/2020 Aceito em: 21/11/20
Some characteristics of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Lipilkin P. V. , Shatokhin Yu. V. , Matsuga A. A.
Published: December 2020

Objective: epidemiological analysis of myelodysplastic syndrome, based on the available retrospective data.

Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of the medical history data of 115 patients (61 men and 54 women) with a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome who received treatment in the hematology department of the «City Hospital № 7 of the city of Rostov-on-Don» in the period from 2010 to 2019.

Results: the most likely comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases, which are the main cause of sudden death, and endocrine diseases, which together influence the outcome of myelodysplastic syndrome.

Conclusions: there are no individual risk assessment algorithms that could determine the goal setting of therapy in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, whose life expectancy depends more on the course of concomitant diseases.
The influence of individual genetic polymorphisms on postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment effectiveness
Authors: Reznichenko N. A. , Simrok V. V. , Adunts A. G.
Published: December 2020

Objective: study of associations between VDR gene rs1544410 and rs10735810 polymorphisms, MCM6 gene rs4988235, CALCR gene rs1801197 one and ibandronate efficacy in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Materials and methods: 117 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis were examined for 12 months in the dynamics of treatment with ibandronate. Evaluation of therapy effectiveness was based on indicators of increase in bone mineral density in L1-L4 lumbar vertebrae, as well as left and right femurs.

Results: An association of GG genotype of VDR gene rs1544410 polymorphism with low growth rates of mineral density of L1-L4 lumbar vertebrae (3,41 ± 0,60 % versus 5,51 ± 0,78 % in other women; р = 0,036) was established. The effect of other studied polymorphisms (rs10735810 of VDR gene, rs4988235 of MCM6 gene, rs1801197 of CALCR gene) on treatment effectiveness was not found.

Conclusion: it is advisable to use obtained results when developing personalized regimens for antiresorptive therapy for women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3
Authors: Gazizova G. R. , Shaydullina M. R. , Valeeva F. V. , Galieva A. I.
Published: December 2020

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 (APS type 3) is a combination of autoimmune thyroid damage in combination with one or more autoimmune endocrine or non-endocrine diseases. It is represented by three subtypes: APS 3A (graves ‘ Disease, or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and type 1 diabetes mellitus), APS 3B (autoimmune thyroid disease and pernicious anemia), APS 3C (autoimmune thyroid disease and vitiligo, alopecia, and/or other organ-specific autoimmune diseases). Clinical observations of patients with type 3 APS are presented: characteristic clinical syndromes and clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients. These clinical examples demonstrate the importance of thorough examination, alertness and knowledge of endocrinologists about the possibility of developing polyglandular lesions of the endocrine system, the importance of timely prescribed treatment and interdisciplinary interaction of doctors.
Symptomatic lymphatic cysts after oncourological operations on the pelvic organs and influence of their anatomical localization on the clinical appearance
Authors: Kotov S. V. , Prostomolotov A. О.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Lymphatic cysts (LC) are the accumulation of free lymphatic fluid in a limited space (between tissues and organs), in the place where the lymphadenectomy was performed. They are the most frequent complications in pelvic oncourology. LC are divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic.Purpose of the study. To assess the influence of the anatomical localization of symptomatic lymphatic cysts (sLC) on the clinical appearance.Materials and methods. 203 radical prostatectomies (RPE) and 42 radical cystectomies (RC) were performed with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in the N.I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital № 1 from January 2017 to March 2020. Of 203 patients, 13 (6.4%) developed SLC, and of 42 patients, 6 (14.3%). All patients who developed complications underwent complex ultrasound studies and multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the retroperitoneal space, abdomen, and pelvic area to assess the localization and volume of the sLC.Results. Four anatomical localizations of the sLC can be distinguished after analyzing the clinical picture of 19 patients with sLC and comparing the obtained data with MSCT: paravasal-iliac, paravesical, prevesical, and pelvic-retroperitoneal. The frequency of paravasaliliac sLC was higher, they developed in 13 (68.5%) patients. The clinical picture included: pain in the pelvic area, lymphedema of the lower limb, body temperature ≥ 39.0 °C, due to LC infection and compression of the iliac vessels. Paravesical sLC were found in 2 (10.5%) patients. There was a failure of the urethrovesical anastomosis, according to retrograde cystography, due to displacement of the bladder. Prevesical sLC were found in 2 (10.5%) patients. Patients noted progressive urinary incontinence and pain above the pubic symphysis. Pelvic-retroperitoneal sLC was observed in 2 (10.5%) patients, with the clinical appearance of nagging pain in the lumbar region, body temperature ≥ 38.0 °C, due to ureteral compression and the development of obstructive pyelonephritis, as well as compression of the inferior vena cava by a lymphatic cyst. The repeated intervention was performed in 18 cases: percutaneous drainage of the LC under ultrasound guidance in 12 (63.2%) patients, laparoscopic marsupialization of the LC in 3 (15.7%) patients, an open technique in 3 (15.7%). In 1 patient (5.4%) the treatment was conservative.Conclusion. Symptomatic LC can be classified according to 4 anatomical locations, which define their clinical symptoms. Most sLC require reoperation.
Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygenation in the complex treatment of women suffering interstitial cystitis/painful bladder
Authors: Medvedev V. L. , Kogan M. I. , Mihailov I. V. , Lepetunov S. N.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder (IC / BMP) is a rare, chronic, and disabling disease. Treatment of IC / BMP is empirical in the scope of physiotherapy procedures, taking antidepressants, pentosan sodium salt sulfate, intravesical administration of lidocaine and heparin, as well as various types of surgical interventions — mainly aimed at relieving the symptoms of the disease. The effectiveness of the latter does not exceed 60%, and symptoms return even when a period of remission seems to have occurred. The article presents the experience of our clinic in treating women with IC / BMP using hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO).Purpose of the study. To study the effectiveness of HBO in complex therapy patients suffering IC / BMP in the form of ulcerative lesions.Materials and methods. The study included 40 women, average age 60.1 ± 10.5 years, with the classic form of IC / BMP. All patients were examined and included in the study according to the NIDDK criteria. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I — women who received complex therapy with HBO (n = 20), Group II — only complex therapy (n = 20). Group I women received treatment: transurethral coagulation of Gunner's lesion zones, bladder hydrodistension, tricyclic antidepressants, intravesical instillations of lidocaine, dimethylsulfoxide, and a course of HBO. HBO consisted of 10 sessions (40 min, 2 ATM). Group II patients received the same IC / BMP therapy as the group I women, to the same extent, but without HBO.Results. Indicators of the PUF scale after 6 months of therapy in Groups I and II were 14.2 and 21.2 points, respectively. The average score in Group I was 3.48, in Group II — 5.13 according to the visual analogue pain scale. The cystometric capacity of the bladder in both groups after treatment was stable, its value was at least 320 ml. The number of urinations after combined therapy with HBO after 1, 3 and 6 months was 12 times a day. Whereas it was 14 times a day in Group II after 1 month, and it was 15 times a day after 3 and 6 months.Conclusions. The index of IC assessment, indicators of the visual-analogue pain scale, the cystometric capacity of the bladder, and the number of urinations improved after standard treatment but were significantly worse than in patients who received HBO additionally. Treatment with HBO leads to a statistically significant improvement, only in combination with the therapy, both according to questionnaires, and the function of accumulation and emptying of the bladder. For patients with IC/BMP who had ineffective standard treatment, it makes sense to conduct HBO, which can be an important stage of therapy and contribute to a longer remission of the disease.
Possibilities of effective antitumor therapy of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia depending on the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the disease
Authors: Shatokhin Yu. V. , Snezhko I. V. , Zeltser A. N. , Mordanov S. V. , Burnasheva E. V. , Sizyakina L. P. , Kharitonova M. V. , Ryabikina E. V. , Gerasimova O. V. , Nagornaya G. Yu. , Matsuga A. A. , Dyatchina L. I.
Published: December 2020

Purpose: to determine the optimal therapy regimens in patients with CLL, depending on age, comorbidity, prognostic (genetic) factors, clinical picture. Materials and methods: analysis of case histories of 400 patients with CLL observed at the Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2010 to 2020.

Results: Immunochemotherapy according to the FCR and FCR-Lite regimens has shown high efficiency in primary and pre-treated patients in terms of the frequency of achieving complete and partial remissions and achieving progression-free survival. In untreated patients, complete remissions were obtained in 61 (71.7%), partial remissions - in 14 (16.4%); among pre-treated patients, respectively - 40 (20.5%) and 65 (33.8%).

Conclusion: combination therapy according to the FCR and FCR-Lite regimens is an affordable and effective method of treatment for most patients with CLL. When the level of leukemic blood cells with 17p13 deletion is less than 15%, rituximab should be used in the first line of immunochemotherapy, and ibrutinib (imbruvica) in case of more than 15%. In mono-regimen, rituximab is effective in supportive - anti-relapse therapy and in the treatment of autoimmune complications.
Using Consumer-Grade Physical Activity Trackers to Measure Frailty Transitions in Older Critical Care Survivors: Exploratory Observational Study
Authors: Kim Ben , Hunt Miranda , Muscedere John , Maslove David M , Lee Joon
Published: December 2020

Background

Critical illness has been suggested as a sentinel event for frailty development in at-risk older adults. Frail critical illness survivors are affected by increased adverse health outcomes, but monitoring the recovery after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge is challenging. Clinicians and funders of health care systems envision an increased role of wearable devices in monitoring clinically relevant measures, as sensor technology is advancing rapidly. The use of wearable devices has also generated great interest among older patients, and they are the fastest growing group of consumer-grade wearable device users. Recent research studies indicate that consumer-grade wearable devices offer the possibility of measuring frailty.

Objective

This study aims to examine the data collected from wearable devices for the progression of frailty among critical illness survivors.

Methods

An observational study was conducted with 12 older survivors of critical illness from Kingston General Hospital in Canada. Frailty was measured using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) at ICU admission, hospital discharge, and 4-week follow-up. A wearable device was worn between hospital discharge and 4-week follow-up. The wearable device collected data on step count, physical activity, sleep, and heart rate (HR). Patient assessments were reviewed, including the severity of illness, cognition level, delirium, activities of daily living, and comorbidity.

Results

The CFS scores increased significantly following critical illness compared with the pre-ICU frailty level (P=.02; d=−0.53). Survivors who were frail over the 4-week follow-up period had significantly lower daily step counts than survivors who were not frail (P=.02; d=1.81). There was no difference in sleep and HR measures. Daily step count was strongly correlated with the CFS at 4-week follow-up (r=−0.72; P=.04). The average HR was strongly correlated with the CFS at hospital discharge (r=−0.72; P=.046). The HR SD was strongly correlated (r=0.78; P=.02) with the change in CFS from ICU admission to 4-week follow-up. No association was found between the CFS and sleep measures. The pattern of increasing step count over the 4-week follow-up period was correlated with worsening of frailty (r=.62; P=.03).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated an association between frailty and data generated from a consumer-grade wearable device. Daily step count and HR showed a strong association with the frailty progression of the survivors of critical illness over time. Understanding this association could unlock a new avenue for clinicians to monitor and identify a vulnerable subset of the older adult population that might benefit from an early intervention.
Современный опыт применения ОФЭКТ/КТ у пациентов с патологией костной системы (обзор литературы)
Authors: Korol P.A. , Tkachenko M.N.
Published: December 2020

В обзоре рассмотрены результаты двадцатилетнего опыта применения однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии/компьютерной томографии (ОФЭКТ/КТ). Гибридная визуализация, включающая применение ОФЭКТ в сочетании с КТ, транслирует молекулярную и метаболическую информацию непосредственно на клиническое влияние широкого спектра заболеваний костной системы. В то же время ОФЭКТ/КТ дополнительно улучшает показатели диагностической точности, специфичности и положительной прогностической ценности исследований ядерной медицины. Было признано целесо-образным выполнение обзора современных приложений ОФЭКТ/КТ не только с позиций диагностического инструмента, но и в плане интегрирования данной модальности в клинический процесс. С этой целью решаются сложные технологические вопросы: привлечение к использованию ОФЭКТ/КТ новых радиофармпрепаратов, повышение качества протоколов получения диагностических изображений, количественной оценки, а также составление протоколов дозиметрии и радиационного облучения, выходящих за пределы текущего обзора.
Клинические результативные риски при торакокраниальной травме. Эпидемиологические и нозологические аспекты
Authors: Huriev S.O. , Khmel V.V.
Published: December 2020

Изложены данные исследования эпидемиологических и нозологических аспектов клинических результативных рисков 254 случаев повреждений, из них 178 — с закрытой торакокраниальной травмой, 76 — с изолированной закрытой травмой грудной клетки.
Метод трансфораминальной эндоскопической микродискэктомии в лечении пациентов с грыжами межпозвонковых дисков поясничного отдела позвоночника
Authors: Fishchenko Ya.V. , Saponenko A.I. , Kravchuk L.D.
Published: December 2020

Актуальность. Тактика хирургического лечения грыж межпозвонковых дисков поясничного отдела позвоночника в последние годы значительно изменилась. И хотя золотым стандартом считается микродискэктомия, сегодня появились многочисленные методики и их модификации, авторы которых стремятся минимизировать травматичность оперативного доступа, не снижая радикальности операции. Цель исследования: оценить эффективность трансфораминальной эндоскопической микродискэктомии, выявить недостатки и преимущества данного метода на основании полученных результатов и определить основные показания и противопоказания к данной операции. Материалы и методы. Обследованы 98 больных с грыжами межпозвонковых дисков поясничного отдела позвоночника, которым в дальнейшем была выполнена операция трансфораминальной эндоскопической микродискэктомии в клинике хирургии позвоночника ГУ «Институт травматологии и ортопедии НАМН Украины» в период с сентября 2018 года по апрель 2019 года. Количественная и качественная оценка болевого синдрома проводилась с использованием визуальной аналоговой шкалы боли (ВАШ), оценка качества жизни — по опроснику Oswestry low back pain disability questionaire. Оценку результатов проводили до операции и через 4 недели после операции. Результаты. Применение эндоскопической микро-дискэктомии в лечении пациентов (n = 98) с грыжами межпозвонковых дисков позволило качественно улучшить их жизнь, что подтверждают результаты анкетирования по Oswestry (уменьшение с 42,1 ± 3,2 % до 20,1 ± 2,9 %). При сравнении предоперационных данных по ВАШ (7,3 ± 1,2 балла) и показателей через 4 недели после операции (1,5 ± 0,9 балла) выявлено значимое улучшение уровня боли у пациентов в краткосрочной перспективе. Выводы. Среди преимуществ методики эндоскопической трансфораминальной микродискэктомии следует отметить: минимальное повреждение мягких тканей и минимальный контакт с нервными структурами; быстрое послеоперационное восстановление; минимальный риск инфекционных осложнений.
Вторичный иммунодефицит (иммунокомпрометированный пациент). Лекция
Authors: Chernyshova L.I.
Published: December 2020

В лекции обобщены современные мировые данные по определению вторичного иммунодефицита, подходов к диагностике и лечению. Представлен основной перечень иммунокомпрометирующих факторов. Отмечается рост количества иммунокомпрометированных пациентов в связи с распространением проведения трансплантаций органов и тканей, когда назначается массивная иммуносупрессивная терапия. При описании клиники дается характеристика возбудителей инфекционного синдрома при различных видах вторичного иммунодефицита, обращается внимание на склонность к оппортунистическим инфекциям. В разделе лечения подчеркнуто, что основным в лечении вторичного иммунодефицита являются адекватно подобранные антибиотики и противовирусные препараты, которые позволяют пациентам пережить период иммуносупрессии. Из иммунотропных препаратов при некоторых вторичных иммунодефицитах применяется в/в иммуноглобулин. Важным элементом в ведении пациентов с вторичным иммунодефицитом является иммунопрофилактика инфекций.
Мультимодальноое обезболивание как составная часть лечебного комплекса у больных с несращением костей голени в периоперационном периоде
Authors: Rushay A.K. , Martynchuk A.A. , Baida M.V. , Zhagdal A.A.
Published: December 2020

С учетом выявленных нарушений кровообращения в конечности при несращении оптимальным видом пери­операционного обезболивания является долгосрочное обез­боливание в периоперационном периоде. Количественные показатели реовазограммы свидетельствовали о достоверном снижении пульсового кровенаполнения пораженной нижней конечности, которое было вызвано повышением тонуса сосудов — артерий и вен среднего и малого калибра. Выраженный болевой синдром в периоперационном периоде мог усугубить сосудистые нарушения, что является неблагоприятным фактором при сращивании костей. Поэтому оптимальным вариантом является проведение спинномозговой анестезии в комбинации с введением декскетопрофена. Осложнений лечения не выявлено. Динамика показателей визуально-аналоговой шкалы свидетельствует о высокой эффективности проведенного обезболивания.
Осложнения мигрени. Мигренозный инсульт: анализ клинических случаев
Authors: Dubenko O.Ye. , Havryushin O.Yu. , Zubkov A.V. , Yekimova S.V. , Kovtunov O.V.
Published: December 2020

Мигрень является наиболее распространенным типом головной боли и самым частым неврологическим заболеванием человека. Несмотря на то, что мигрень считается относительно доброкачественным расстройством, наблюдаются осложнения мигренозной атаки. Мигренозный инфаркт является редким осложнением мигрени. Диагноз устанавливается согласно диагностическим критериям, предложенным в Международной классификации головной боли 3-го пересмотра 2018 года. Диагноз мигренозного инфаркта основывается на внезапном развитии неврологического дефицита во время мигренозной атаки и инфаркта мозга, в зоне, соответствующей этим симптомам, подтвержденным при нейровизуализации. Мигренозный инсульт может развиться у пациентов, страдающих мигренью в анамнезе, либо во время типичной мигренозной атаки. Другие причины инсульта должны быть исключены. Исследования показывают, что риск ишемического инсульта выше у пациентов с мигренью с аурой, особенно у молодых женщин, и чаще развивается в бассейне задней циркуляции. Менее часто мигренозный инфаркт может развиться при мигрени без ауры. Патогенез мигренозного инфаркта пока уточнен недостаточно, но возможными механизмами могут быть распространяющаяся кортикальная деполяризация, артериальный вазоспазм, гемодинамические изменения. Мы представили 2 клинических случая развития мигренозного инфаркта у молодых пациентов в возрасте 32 и 36 лет, который развился во время типичной мигренозной атаки без ауры в бассейне задней циркуляции, подтвержденных при нейровизуализации.
Поздний гипогонадизм у мужчин, больных сахарным диабетом 2-го типа, и его роль в развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (обзор литературы)
Authors: Luchytskyy E.V. , Luchytskyi V.E. , Tronko M.D.
Published: December 2020

Тестостерон является гормоном, который играет ключевую роль в углеводном, жировом и белковом метаболизме у мужчин. Снижение уровней тестостерона, связанное с возрастом, которое усиливается развитием и прогрессированием сопутствующей патологии, прежде всего сахарного диабета 2-го типа, ожирения, дислипидемии, может иметь существенное влияние на возникновение сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у мужчин и повышение риска преждевременной смертности. В работе представлен анализ современных литературных данных о распространенности позднего гипогонадизма и его влиянии на развитие сердечно-сосудистой патологии у мужчин. Проведен анализ исследований, представленных в поисковой базе данных и базе данных MedLine, по ключевым словам «тестостерон», «мужчина», «поздний гипогонадизм» и «сердечно-сосудистые заболевания». Показана контраверсийность ряда гипотез о роли андрогенодефицита в развитии сердечно-сосудистой патологии у мужчин. Однако определено, что в большинстве работ показана связь андрогенодефицита с развитием метаболических нарушений, которые являются факторами развития метаболического синдрома, ожирения, сахарного диабета 2-го типа. В свою очередь, данные сопутствующие заболевания являются прямыми факторами, приводящими к раннему возникновению и прогрессированию сосудистой патологии и связанной с ней смертностью у мужчин старших возрастных групп. Проведение терапии тестостероном необходимо у мужчин с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа и подтвержденным клинически и лабораторно дефицитом тестостерона при условии соблюдения стандартов ее безопасности. Ввиду неоднозначных результатов исследований влияния тестостерона на развитие сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний данный вопрос требует дальнейшего изучения.
Сахарный диабет 2-го типа: современные международные рекомендации, персонифицированный подход и реальная амбулаторная практика
Authors: Pankiv V.I.
Published: December 2020

Общее количество людей с сахарным диабетом (СД) увеличится, по прогнозу экспертов Международной диабетической федерации, с 463 млн в 2019 году до 578 млн в 2030 году и до 700 млн в 2045 году. В условиях пандемии COVID-19 больные СД 2-го типа более уязвимы относительно заражения и тяжелого течения патологии. Подходы к выбору сахароснижающей терапии для достижения идеального гликемического статуса меняются с учетом появления новых данных о патогенезе осложнений СД. На сегодняшний день принята концепция индивидуализации сахароснижающей терапии, то есть подбора схемы лечения с учетом сведений о конкретном пациенте, особенностей течения и риска развития диабетических осложнений. С учетом увеличения доли пожилых людей лечение СД 2-го типа в этой возрастной категории является одной из важных медико-социальных проблем. Антигипергликемизирующая терапия в этой популяции представляет трудности из-за повышенного риска гипогликемии, наличия полиорганной и коморбидной патологии, что существенно влияет на течение СД 2-го типа. В обзоре литературы рассматриваются вопросы адекватного назначения препаратов, в частности ингибиторов дипептидилпептидазы-4. Наличие у них прогнозированного сахароснижающего эффекта без риска гипогликемии, хорошей переносимости, благоприятного сердечно-сосудистого потенциала позволяет широко использовать их у пациентов с СД 2-го типа пожилого и преклонного возраста. Акцент в обзоре сделан на исследовании VERIFY, в котором установлено, что ранняя комбинированная терапия вилдаглиптином с метформином на 49 % снижает риск потери гликемического контроля, превосходит стратегию поэтапной интенсификации, обеспечивает устойчивый контроль гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1с) в течение 5 лет, обеспечивает стабильно низкий уровень HbA1c, что особенно важно в первый год терапии для замедления прогрессирования осложнений СД 2-го типа. Поэтому ранняя комбинированная терапия вилдаглиптином и метформином у пациентов с СД 2-го типа имеет преимущества перед стратегией поэтапной интенсификации.
Взаимосвязь между ожирением и уровнем тиреотропного гормона у взрослых
Authors: Efendioğlu Eyyüp Murat , Kavuncuoğlu Duygu
Published: December 2020

Актуальность. Ожирение — серьезная социальная эпидемия XXI века. Особого внимания заслуживает частое сочетание патологии щитовидной железы (ЩЖ) и ожирения. Ожирение связано с многочисленными эндокринными нарушениями, включая дисфункцию ЩЖ и центральное ожирение. Однако неясно, является ли заболевание ЩЖ у людей с ожирением причиной или следствием этого состояния. Целью исследования было выяснить взаимосвязь между ожирением и уровнем тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ) в плазме крови. Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находились 73 пациента с ожирением (индекс массы тела (ИМТ) ≥ 30 кг/м2) в возрасте 18–65 лет и группа из 27 человек без ожирения с нормальным ИМТ. Ретроспективно регистрировали возраст, пол, антропометрические измерения, уровень ТТГ, глюкозы в плазме натощак (ГПН), инсулина, общего холестерина, триглицеридов и холестерина липопротеидов высокой плотности (ХС ЛПВП). Для анализа данных использовались t-критерий, U-критерий Манна — Уитни, критерий хи-квадрат и корреляционные тесты Пирсона и Спирмена. Значение p < 0,05 считалось статистически значимым. Результаты. В исследование были включены 73 пациента с ИМТ ≥ 30 кг/м2 и 27 лиц, которые не страдают от ожирения. Среди обследованных было 59 женщин и 41 мужчина, средний возраст которых составил 36,4 ± 10,4 года. Значительные различия наблюдались в значениях ИМТ, ГПН, инсулина, HbA1c, ХС ЛПВП и ТТГ между группами (p < 0,05). ТТГ достоверно положительно коррелировал с ТТГ и ИМТ, HbA1c, инсулином и ГПН (p < 0,001, r = 0,360; p = 0,031, r = 0,231; p = 0,021, r = 0,231 и p = 0,017, r = 0,237 соответственно). Отрицательная корреляция наблюдалась между ТТГ и ХС ЛПВП (p = 0,006, r = –0,272). Выводы. Значения ТТГ, глюкозы в крови натощак, HbA1c и инсулина были выше в группе с ожирением по сравнению с группой здоровых людей с нормальным весом, в то время как значения ХС ЛПВП были ниже. Определена достоверная положительная корреляция между ТТГ и ИМТ. Эти данные подтверждают мнение о том, что у людей с ожирением может наблюдаться небольшое повышение уровня ТТГ.
Desain Peningkatan Kapasitas Petani Melalui Aplikasi Teknologi Hatch and Carry Serangga Polinator Elaeidobius Kamerunicus Faust pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Efendi Siska , Rezki Dewi
Published: December 2020

Pulau Punjung adalah kecamatan yang diprioritaskan untuk pengembangan komoditas kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Produksi kelapa sawit rakyat yang rendah disebabkan oleh proses penyerbukan yang tidak optimal sehingga terbentuk buah partenokarpi dengan fruit set rendah. Selama ini, penyerbukan pada tanaman kelapa sawit dibantu oleh serangga polinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust. Akan tetapi, pada perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat, populasi serangga tersebut rendah. Solusi untuk permasalahan tersebut adalah aplikasi teknologi hatch & carry serangga polinator E. kamerunicus. Teknologi tersebut diperkenalkan kepada mitra, yakni petani kelapa sawit rakyat yang tergabung dalam kelompok tani budi daya. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan, pelatihan, demplot, bantuan alat berupa paket teknologi hatch & carry, serta pendampingan. Teknologi hatch & carry dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi kelompok tani mitra. Hal itu ditandai dengan meningkatnya produksi TBS setelah metode tersebut diaplikasikan selama empat bulan. Keberhasilan aplikasi teknologi tersebut berkat meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani mitra setelah mengikuti rangkaian kegiatan pengabdian. Pada akhir kegiatan, kelompok tani mitra diberi perangkat teknologi hatch & carry yang terpasang di lahan dan bisa dioperasikan secara mandiri.
Ideological and Political Course Teachers’ Educational Rationality
Authors: Meng Fanming
Published: December 2020

Ideological and political course teachers should not only cherish their teaching experience, but also cannot be satisfied with it. They should fully realize the limitation of teaching experience and constantly improve the level of educational rational thinking. The educational rationality of ideological and political course teachers is the unity of implicit and explicit aspects. Among them, exploring rationality is the implicit mind of ideological and political course teachers, while writing rationality is the explicit ability of teachers’ inner thoughts. Therefore, ideological and political course teachers should not only set up the research-oriented consciousness of “the teacher is a researcher” and cultivate the exploring rationality, but also set up the writing consciousness of “the teacher is a writer” and train the writing rationality.
Estructura poblacional de Mauritia flexuosa y Oenocarpus bataua en tres comunidades de la cuenca alta del Putumayo, frontera Perú - Colombia
Authors: Freitas Alvarado Luis , Dávila Macedo Valentín , Pérez Peña Pedro , Pezo Díaz Roberto , Mejía Kember
Published: December 2020

Las palmeras Mauritia flexuosa y Oenocarpus bataua son muy utilizadas por las comunidades ribereñas pero son muy poco estudiadas y amenazadas por su aprovechamiento inadecuado. Por lo cual, el objetivo fue proveer información sobre la estructura poblacional del aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa) y ungurahui (Oenocarpus bataua), con la finalidad de plantear recomendaciones de manejo sostenible. Se realizaron evaluaciones en parcelas estructurales de 1 ha con subparcelas de 10 m x 10 m anidadas en los extremos. M. flexuosa presentó mayor densidad en Nuevo Belén con 67,8 ind./ha; O. bataua presentó mayor densidad en Nueva Jerusalén con 20 ind./ha. M. flexuosa presentó mayor porcentaje de adultos masculinos con 67% y 69% en las dos áreas, la producción de racimos fue mayor en Nuevo Belén con 174 racimos/ha con una producción estimada de 130 sacos equivalente a unas 5 t. O. bataua presentó mayor producción de racimos en Nueva Jerusalén con 24 racimos/ha con una producción estimada de 12 sacos. Los análisis de baja densidad de plantas adultas, el ratio del sexo, las distribuciones diamétricas y por altura indican que ambas zonas han sido aprovechadas. Se concluye que es necesario implementar campañas de educación ambiental orientadas al manejo sostenible de estas especies.