bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat management and tensile strength of 3 mm mixed and matched connections of butt joints of S355J2+N, S460MC and S700MC
Authors: Eichler Stefan , von Arnim Mareike , Brätz Oliver , Hildebrand Jörg , Gericke Andreas , Bergmann Jean Pierre , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Henkel Knuth‐Michael
Published: September 2023

High‐strength structural steels are beneficial in terms of the sustainability of constructions due to the possible reduction of weight and overall material needs. Nevertheless, high‐strength steels have a smaller processing parameter range in regarding the specific heat input and resulting cooling rate. Especially the cooling time t8/5 characterizing the time span to cool down from 800 to 500 °C is an important indicator. Single layer butt‐welded gas metal arc welding (GMAW) connections of 3 mm plates between normal strength (S355J2+N, S460MC) and high‐strength steels (S700MC) as well as matched connections (S460MC, S700MC) are carried out. Hereby, the influence of the energy input, melting rate, joint preparation, filler metal (matching and undermatching) and backing methods are observed. Spatially resolved IR‐thermal observation shows variations within the welds of up to 50 % in the cooling time t8/5 depending on those parameters. These fluctuations lead to significant changes of the microstructure within the melting and heat‐affected zone. UCI hardness mappings show the softening and microstructural change within these zones. Those soft zones can be the region of failure for butt welded connections as shown by transverse tensile tests with spatially resolved optical strain measurements. The results obtained can be used to define more precise welding procedures of these types of connections and also are used to develop design rules for mixed connections made of normal strength and high‐strength steel.
Numerical study on the impact of longitudinal stiffeners ending within the buckling field
Authors: Lukas Immo , Timmers Ralph , Lang Robert
Published: September 2023

Typically, longitudinal stiffeners of plated structures pass through the entire girder (continuously) or span from one transverse stiffener to another (discontinuously). The present research deals with a design method predominantly executed in crane manufacturing – non‐continuous longitudinal stiffening. Non‐continuous longitudinal stiffeners end within the buckling field, i.e., leaving a gap ahead of the transverse stiffener or the end of the girder. To date, the standardization in EN1993‐1‐5 is limited to conventional longitudinal stiffening (continuous and discontinuous), as defined above. This paper deals with a numerical study aiming to obtain initial insights into the load‐bearing behavior of non‐continuously stiffened plates. Geometrically and materially nonlinear buckling analyses with imperfections (GMNIA) are performed to provide the foundation for a series of experimental tests. Alongside the realization of realistic boundary conditions, estimating the most realistic ultimate load‐bearing capacity is of particular importance to comply with the constraints in the laboratory. The simulations reveal a significant load‐bearing behavior and capacity modification compared with conventional longitudinal stiffening.
Prediction of the cyclic rotation capacity of steel members with cold‐formed hollow cross‐section
Authors: Bosco Melina , Caragliano Marco , D'Aniello Mario , Landolfo Raffaele , Rossi Pier Paolo
Published: September 2023

Cold formed Hollow Structural Sections (HSS) are widely used in structural applications, especially in multi‐storey buildings located in seismic areas because of their high strength‐to‐weight ratio and torsional stiffness. However, the current version of the European seismic code provides limited rules and guidance to evaluate the ductility and the plastic rotation capacity of HSS members. The research activity carried out in this study aims to develop formulations to predict both the deformation capacity and the overstrength of cold formed HSS beams and columns at significant damage and near collapse limit states. Therefore, parametric finite element simulations have been carried out on a large set of members with different cross section (i.e., both square and rectangular HSSs), local and global slenderness, shear span and axial load ratio (from 0 to 0.5). The adopted finite element models have been calibrated against results of cyclic experimental tests available from the literature. The accuracy of the proposed equations has been statistically verified and discussion of practical applications is also provided.
Demountable shear connectors – constructional details and push‐out tests
Authors: Király Krisztián , Dunai László , Calado Luis , Kocsis András Balázs
Published: September 2023

The sustainable composite structures are built by demountable elements in order to reuse them which can fit to the circular economy. The current research and development project – in the cooperation of Budapest University of Technology and Economics and KÉSZ Group, bim.GROUP Ltd, Hungary – is aiming to design a new kind of demountable steel‐concrete composite structural system. The key component of this construction is the demountable shear connector. In the current research, bolted shear connectors with embedded bolts and threaded rods are developed and studied which can fit to the applied technology of the industrial partner. One of the main aspects of this connection is to consider the bolt hole clearance since it occurs initial slip and stiffness reduction of the composite beam. In the first phase of the research program, the aim is to develop demountable and economical structural details which can reduce the stiffness reduction with proper strength and ductility features. To study the behaviour of these shear connections, a push‐out experimental program is developed and tested in March 2023. In the paper, the developed structural details and the push‐out experimental program with the first results are presented.
Additive manufacturing of steel components by cold spraying
Authors: Klemm Alina , Taherkhani Farrokh , Gündel Max
Published: September 2023

Design of steel structures in the construction industry uses built‐up or rolled steel sections. These are processed as steel elements and connected together at joints. Massive and complex steel nodes such as those in steel frame bridges or truss structures are still manufactured by forging or casting to avoid weld seams in highly stressed areas. Since this is a manual manufacturing process, it results in increased costs and time. Cold spray (CS) technology has recently attracted attention in aerospace and automotive engineering for producing metallic, composite coatings as well as repairing the surface damage of components in service. Additive manufacturing by cold spraying can offer significant advantages with respect to other additive manufacturing methods due to higher material deposition rates (up to 14 kg/h), lower energy consumption, and deposition in solid state. So far cold spraying has not been used for 3D‐printing of typical steel constructions.

In the preliminary test campaign, structural steel‐powder was investigated to evaluate their suitability for cold spraying in civil engineering applications. Simple flat specimens were used, and a range of metallographic and mechanical tests were conducted to determine the properties of the deposited coupons, such as the coating quality, layer thickness, the degree of porosity, micro‐hardness, and micro flat tensile test. This paper presents the results of the powder characterisation and the preliminary tests on the printed specimens.
Experimental and Numerical Programs on Laser‐Cut I‐Beam‐to‐CHS/SHS‐Column Joint Components
Authors: Händeler Damian , Don Rafaela , Vulcu Cristian , Hoffmeister Benno , Kanyilmaz Alper
Published: September 2023

Within a series of EU‐RFCS funded projects, i.e. LASTEICON and LASTTS, the use of tubular cross‐sections for steel and composite joints has been and is currently being investigated towards the development of more efficient solutions. Connections between tubular cross‐sections, respectively between tubular cross‐sections and open profiles, often require a high number of gusset plates and excessive welds. For this reason, a new fabrication method is employed and investigated in these projects, i.e.: laser‐cutting technology. Laser‐cutting allows for a precise and fast cutting with a large degree of geometric freedom, which favors complex joint geometries such as I‐beams passing through the cut slot in tubular columns. Within the completed LASTEICON project, the global performance of the joints was experimentally investigated, resulting in higher strength and stiffness compared to the joints with profiles welded directly on the tubes. As part of the ongoing LASTTS project, the research activities – that are to be performed at RWTH‐Aachen – are focused on the response of joint components and on the influence of various parameters. Advanced finite element numerical investigations were carried out and, based on the outcomes, the configuration of the specimens as well as the test set‐ups for the upcoming experimental investigations were developed.
Numerical assessment of the cyclic behaviour of structural steel members subjected to biaxial bending
Authors: Cerqueira Elisa , Eshaghi Cyrus , Peres Rita , Castro José Miguel
Published: September 2023

In recent decades, there has been extensive research on the behaviour of steel structures under seismic actions. While the monotonic behaviour of steel elements subjected to uniaxial bending is well understood, there is still a need to investigate the cyclic behaviour and energy dissipation capacity, especially in relation to metal elements subjected to biaxial bending. This is of paramount interest for seismic analysis and performance assessment of steel buildings. Modelling and damage assessment criteria derived for members subjected to uniaxial bending may not be entirely appropriate for the seismic analysis of buildings composed of structural steel members subjected to biaxial bending. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the behaviour of steel members subjected to biaxial cyclic bending and compare it to behaviour under uniaxial loading conditions. To this end, detailed 3D finite element analyses are conducted to examine the effects of bidirectional lateral cyclic loading on the hysteretic response of steel members under different uniaxial and biaxial lateral displacement‐controlled load paths. The numerical results presented in this paper provide an insight into the influence of biaxial loading on the behaviour of steel members in terms of backbone curves and deformation capacity, and indicate that biaxial cyclic loading paths can significantly affect the rotation capacity of steel elements.
Structural performance of additive manufactured aluminum tubular stub columns
Authors: Bock Marina , Bawazeer Junaid , Robinson John , Theofanous Marios , Skalomenos Konstantinos
Published: September 2023

Aluminum is gaining more popularity in the construction industry due to its light weight, mechanical resistance and corrosion properties. Although several studies covering extruded and cold‐rolled aluminium members exist, research into the structural performance of 3D printed aluminium remains scarce. With the increasing importance of digital engineering in the construction industry and the transition from traditional to digital lean, it is important to investigate whether existing design codes are suitable to design 3D printed cross‐sections. To address this, the present paper reports experimental results on additive manufactured aluminium tubular sections subjected to compression. The sections were manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) and were made of AlSi10Mg which is a hardenable aluminium based casting alloy. The tubular sections have different thicknesses to cover a wide range of slendernesses. Tests on similar extruded aluminium tubular sections are also reported for comparison. Tensile tests were conducted on material coupons printed in different orientations (0° and 90°) to assess the potential effect of the orientation of printing on the material response. Full load‐deformation responses using digital image correlation (DIC) are reported and key experimental results are used to assess the local buckling design provisions given in EN 1999‐1‐1 for application to additive manufactured aluminum tubes.
Additive Manufacturing of a Steel Splice Joint for Tubular Elements in a Modular Wind Tower
Authors: Morales Mariela Mendez , Tankova Trayana , Branco Ricardo , Rebelo Carlos
Published: September 2023

Wind turbines of large size pose a challenge to structural engineers in providing suitable supporting structures. Nevertheless, these structures frequently result in complex logistical requirements, raising the expenses of new projects. Hence, the design philosophy is shifting towards lighter and modular towers, which often use tubular components. However, due to the intricate shape of the joints, connecting these tubular components is costly and laborious. Therefore, considering the advantages of new fabrication techniques, such as additive manufacturing, a ‘plug and play’ (PnP) device is in development to satisfy the requirements of a splice joint part of an onshore modular tower supporting a wind energy converter. An optimisation methodology was developed to determine the geometry of the device by structural topology optimisation and validate using finite element method software. As result from this methodology, three optimised geometries able to meet the desired requirements were found. Finally, the PnP device delivered a bespoke solution that allows for the simple joining of modular tubular components and reduces the raw material consumption without compromising the performance of the joint.
Interactions between typical antibiotics and Microcystis aeruginosa in aquatic environment
Authors: Li Mengwei , Zhou Haidong , Ye Mixuan , Xu Xinxuan , Pang Lidan , Zhao Ziming , Xuan Yumei
Published: September 2023

The interactions of six typical antibiotics, including azithromycin, clarithromycin (CLR), ciprofloxacin, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (TCY), with Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated, discussing the effects of antibiotics on algal growth in terms of mono‐ and co‐antibiotics, and the removal of six antibiotics by the alga. The results showed that all the antibiotics showed “low‐promoting and high‐inhibiting” effects, except for sulfonamides, which showed a promotion trend on algal cell density and chlorophyll a. The tests of half effective concentrations (EC50s) of antibiotics against M. aeruginosa showed that the antibiotics of the same category had similar EC50s, and the toxicity effects of co‐antibiotics were higher compared to mono‐antibiotics. The toxic effects of antibiotics against M. aeruginosa were antagonistic in most binary co‐antibiotics, and synergistic and simple additive effects in the ternary co‐antibiotics. For removal tests of antibiotics by the alga, it could be seen that at the same concentration (10 µg L−1), M. aeruginosa showed the best removal of TCY with 22.8% and the lowest removal of CLR with only 5.8%. It was found that both antibiotics and M. aeruginosa had mutual influences; therefore, the interaction might be favorable to the permanent removal of antibiotics and reduce the impact on the aquatic ecological environment.
Elastic and Conductive Cross‐linked Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Polyphenylene Oxide and Poly(vinyl alcohol) for H2‐O2 Fuel Cells
Authors: Han Juanjuan , Zhang Yangyang , Zheng Xiumeng , Lu Yuyang , Li Wanting , Zhou Xiaorong , Ren Zhandong , Liu Yi , Hu Meixue , Xiao Li , Zhuang Lin
Published: September 2023

A series of cross‐linked AEMs (c‐DQPPO/PVA) are synthesized by using rigid polyphenylene oxide and flexible poly(vinyl alcohol) as the backbones. Dual cations are grafted on the PPO backbone to improve the ion exchange capacity (IEC), while glutaraldehyde is introduced to enhance compatibility and reduce swelling ratio of AEMs. In addition to the enhanced mechanical properties resulting from the rigid‐flexible cross‐linked network, c‐DQPPO/PVA AEMs also exhibit impressive ionic conductivity, which can be attributed to their high IEC, good hydrophilicity of PVA, and well‐defined micro‐morphology. Additionally, due to confined dimension behavior and ordered micro‐morphology, c‐DQPPO/PVA AEMs demonstrate excellent chemical stability. Specifically, c‐DQPPO/PVA‐7.5 exhibits a wet‐state tensile strength of 12.5 MPa and an elongation at break of 53.0 % at 25 °C. Its OH− conductivity and swelling degree at 80 °C are measured to be 125.7 mS cm−1 and 8.2 %, respectively, with an IEC of 3.05 mmol g−1. After 30 days in a 1 M NaOH solution at 80 °C, c‐DQPPO/PVA‐7.5 experiences degradation rates of 12.8 % for tensile strength, 27.4 % for elongation at break, 14.7 % for IEC, and 19.2 % for ion conductivity. With its excellent properties, c‐DQPPO/PVA‐7.5 exhibits a peak power density of 0.751 W cm−2 at 60 °C in an H2‐O2 fuel cell.
Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in SOD2 with susceptibility for the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A Saudi population study
Authors: Sultan Samar , Alharbi Meshari , Alrayes Nuha , Makki Nehad , Faruqui Hanan , Basuni Lama , Alhozali Amani , Abdulnoor Reham , Borai Anwar , Almalki Abdullah , Alzahrani Abdullah , Alamoudi Reem , Almaghrabi Mazin
Published: September 2023

Introduction

One of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic nephropathy (DN), which plays a significant role in the progression of end‐stage renal disease. Oxidative stress is implicated in DN pathogenesis, and genetic variations in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) may contribute to the susceptibility. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in antioxidant enzymes, specifically SOD2 rs4880 and CAT rs769217, and the risk of T2D and susceptibility to DN within the Saudi population.

Methods

This case–control study included 150 participants, comprising 50 patients with T2D without DN (group 1), 50 patients with T2D with DN (group 2), and 50 healthy participants (group 3). The samples were genotyped using real‐time PCR for SOD2 rs4880 and CAT rs769217 SNPs. Sanger sequencing was used for validation. Statistical analyses were performed to explore associations between these SNPs and T2D with or without DN.

Results

No significant difference was observed in CAT rs769217 expression between the groups. However, a significant difference was observed in SOD2 rs4880 expression between the healthy controls and patients with T2D with DN (p = .028). Furthermore, SOD2 rs4880 was associated with approximately threefold increased risk of DN in patients with T2D compared to that in healthy participants (odds ratio [OR] = 2.99 [1.31–6.83]). Validation through Sanger sequencing further confirmed these findings.

Conclusions

The findings of this study provide evidence that SOD2 rs4880 SNP may contribute to inadequate defence by the antioxidant enzyme, SOD2, against DM‐induced oxidative stress and thus cause DN in Saudi patients with T2D. Therefore, SOD2 rs4880 may serve as a predictive marker to prevent the development and progression of DN in patients with T2D.
Activation and differentiation of cognate T cells by a dextran‐based antigen‐presenting system for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Mahata Dhrubajyoti , Mukherjee Debangshu , Biswas Debarati , Basak Shyam , Basak Aditya Jyoti , Jamir Imlilong , Pandey Nidhi , Khatoon Huma , Samanta Dibyendu , Basak Amit , Mukherjee Gayatri
Published: September 2023

Immunotherapeutic modulation of antigen‐specific T‐cell responses instead of the whole repertoire helps avoid immune‐related adverse events. We have developed an artificial antigen‐presenting system (aAPS) where multiple copies of a multimeric peptide‐MHC class I complex presenting a murine class I MHC restricted ovalbumin‐derived peptide (signal 1), along with a costimulatory ligand (signal 2) are chemically conjugated to a dextran backbone. Cognate naive CD8+ T cells, when treated with this aAPS underwent significant expansion and showed an activated phenotype. Furthermore, elevated expression of effector cytokines led to the differentiation of these cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes which resulted in target cell lysis, indicative of the functional efficacy of the aAPS. CD8+ T cells with decreased proliferative potential due to repeated antigenic stimulation could also be re‐expanded by the developed aAPS. Thus, the developed aAPS warrants further engineering for future application as a rapidly customizable personalized immunotherapeutic agent, incorporating patient‐specific MHC‐restricted tumor antigens and different costimulatory signals to modulate both naive and antigen‐experienced but exhausted tumor‐specific T cells in cancer.
Elaboration of enriched margarine with lentisk oil and honey: Formulation, characterization, and monitoring of oxidative stability
Authors: Sadou Dyhia , Amessis‐Ouchemoukh Nadia , Ouchemoukh Salim , Ayad Rabha , Guenaoui Nawel , Otmani Amar , Bachir‐bey Mostapha , Hadjal Samir , Madani Khodir
Published: September 2023

This study focused on the use of lentisk oil and honey as natural sources to formulate margarine with ameliorated quality and oxidative stability. For this, five margarines were formulated with honey and different concentrations of lentisk oil. Analyses were performed on oil and honey used, and then physicochemical characterization and several oxidative stability tests were applied to assess margarine quality. The results showed a significant richness of lentisk oil and honey in total phenolics and total flavonoids and expressed good antioxidant activities. As well as the evaluation of oxidative stability of enriched margarines during 3 months of storage demonstrated that margarine added with 2% lentisk oil (M1) had the best resistance properties and longer Rancimat induction time (22.26 h), better than the control and margarines added with 5% (M2), 10% (M3), and 15% (M4) lentisk oil. Globally, margarines prepared with high concentrations of lentisk oil (M2–M4) were not different from the control, whereas only M1 was permitted to ameliorate the stability of margarine with a slight influence on physicochemical parameters. The elaboration of margarine supplemented with 2% lentisk oil improves the properties of the product, which could then be applied to margarine manufacturing.
Evaluating Arrest for Intimate Partner Violence: Two Decades of Research and Reform
Authors: Chalk Rosemary , Garner Joel
Published: September 2023

In response to cumulative evaluation findings, police departments around the nation have changed the way they respond to calls dealing with domestic violence. Policies have been changed in response to evaluation evidence.
Obama's EPA Memorandum Follows the Law, Does Not Make It
Authors: McKinstry Robert B.
Published: September 2023

Some politicians and pundits have decried President Obama's directive calling on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from electric‐generating units (EGUs) as an end run around Congress, an executive usurpation of power, part of a “war on coal,” and an unwarranted extension of the Clean Air Act, a law they assert is unsuited to GHG regulation. Rhetoric aside, a substantial legal rationale supports the president's commitment.
Electric Regulation: Time‐Differentiated Rates for the Mass Market?
Authors: Bowden Nicholas S.
Published: September 2023

In a January 2011 column, I asserted that the institution of time‐differentiated rates would be an effective means of delivering the reliability and efficiency benefits promised by the Smart Grid. Furthermore, I said there that the institution of time‐differentiated rates for the greatest number of electric consumers possible, the mass market, would produce the greatest efficiency gains. Currently, policymakers appear unwilling to institute time‐differentiated rates on a mandatory or an opt‐out basis.
A novel HMGA2::KITLG fusion in a dedifferentiated liposarcoma with amplification of MDM2 and HMGA2
Authors: Zhou Shishan , Zhang Changliang , Zhang Zhipeng , Hu Yongbin , Zhao Lina , Hu Wentao , Chen Si , Li Bin , Xiao Sheng
Published: September 2023

High‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) is rearranged in various types of mesenchymal tumors, particularly lipomas. HMGA2 is also co‐amplified with mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) in well‐differentiated liposarcoma/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS). We report a case of relapsed DDLPS with a novel in‐frame fusion between HMGA2 and KITLG, which encodes the ligand for KIT kinase, a critical protein involved in gametogenesis, hematopoiesis, and melanogenesis. The HMGA2 breakpoint is in intron 3, a commonly observed location for HMGA2 rearrangements, while the KITLG breakpoint is in intron 2, leading to a fusion protein that contains almost the entire coding sequence of KITLG. By immunohistochemical staining, tumor cells expressed KIT and showed phosphorylated MAPK, a major KIT downstream target. We suggest an oncogenic mechanism that involves the overexpression of KITLG caused by its rearrangement with HMGA2, leading to the constitutive activation of KIT kinase. While MDM2 amplification was observed in both the primary tumor and the relapsed tumor, the HMGA2::KITLG was only present in the relapsed tumor, indicating the role of HMGA2::KITLG in disease progression.
A clinician's guide to gallstones and common bile duct (CBD): A study protocol for a systematic review and evidence‐based recommendations
Authors: Sebghatollahi Vahid , Parsa Mohammadreza , Minakari Mohammad , Azadbakht Saleh
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Gallstones are one of the most common and costly diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and occur when a combination of deposits consisting of fat or minerals accumulate in the gallbladder or common bile duct (CBD). This paper provides a comprehensive review of gallstone epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, focusing on current clinical guidelines and evidence‐based approaches.

Methods

A systematic literature review gathered information from various sources, including PubMed, Trip, Google Scholar, Clinical Key, and reputable medical association websites. Keywords related to gallstones, CBD stones, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and guidelines were used to extract relevant recommendations. Expert consultations and consensus meetings localized the recommendations based on the target population and available resources.

Results

The paper discusses demographic factors, dietary habits, and lifestyle influences contributing to gallstone formation. Gallstones are categorized into cholesterol and pigment types, with varying prevalences across regions. Many individuals with gallstones remain asymptomatic, but complications can lead to serious and potentially life‐threatening conditions. Diagnosis relies on history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and transabdominal ultrasound. Specific predictive factors help categorize patients into high, moderate, or low probability groups for CBD stones.

Conclusion

Evidence‐based recommendations for gallstone diagnosis and management are presented, emphasizing individualized treatment plans. Surgical interventions, nonsurgical treatments like oral litholysis with UDCA, and stenting are discussed. The management of gallstones in pregnant women is also addressed, considering the potential risks and appropriate treatment options during pregnancy.
Serotyping and molecular profiles of virulence‐associated genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from teaching hospitals of Ardabil, Iran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maleki Neda Same , Babazadeh Forough , Arzanlou Mohsen , Teimourpour Roghayeh , Dogaheh Hadi Peeri
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram‐negative bacterium that colonized various organs. This bacterium is associated with different community‐acquired and hospital‐acquired infections. The present study aims to assess the capsular serotypes and frequency of virulence‐associated genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from teaching hospitals in Ardabil, Iran.

Methods

From October 1, 2019, to November 31, 2021, different clinical samples were collected and K. pneumoniae isolates were diagnosed using conventional biochemical tests. The final identification of K. pneumoniae was performed through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using a specific primer targeting the khe gene. The PCR method was employed to confirm the presence of virulence‐associated genes and aerobactin, and the main capsular serotypes based on the specific primers.

Results

Of all 100 K. pneumoniae isolates, 4% and 2% were typeable with K5 and K2 primers, respectively. In addition, entB (94%), fimH (91%), and wcaG (87%) had the highest frequency among the virulence‐associated genes. 24% of K. pneumoniae isolates harbored the entB‐wcaG‐fimH genes simultaneously. Moreover, 50% of capsular serotype 5 harbored the ybts‐mrkD‐entB‐wcaG‐fimH genes simultaneously.

Conclusion

The findings revealed that 6% of all K. pneumoniae isolates were typeable, distributed in the two serotypes K5 and K2. Most K. pneumoniae isolates were positive for multiple types of virulence genes. Identifying bacterial virulence genes aids in molecular detection, assay development, and therapeutic pathways.
Snake venom toxins: Potential anticancer therapeutics
Authors: Offor Benedict C. , Piater Lizelle A.
Published: September 2023

Snake venom contains a cocktail of compounds dominated by proteins and peptides, which make up the toxin. The toxin components of snake venom attack several targets in the human body including the neuromuscular system, kidney and blood coagulation system and cause pathologies. As such, the venom toxins can be managed and used for the treatment of these diseases. In this regard, Captopril used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases was the first animal venom toxin‐based drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Cancers cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to side effects associated with the current cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery, there is a need to improve the efficacy of current treatments and/or develop novel drugs from natural sources including animal toxin‐based drugs. There is a long history of earlier and ongoing studies implicating snake venom toxins as potential anticancer therapies. Here, we review the role of crude snake venoms and toxins including phospholipase A2, L‐amino acid oxidase, C‐type lectin and disintegrin as potential anticancer agents tested in cancer cell lines and animal tumour models in comparison to normal cell lines. Some of the anti‐tumour activities of snake venom toxins include induction of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and inhibition of metastasis, angiogenesis and tumour growth. We thus propose the advancement of multidisciplinary approaches to more pre‐clinical and clinical studies for enhanced bioavailability and targeted delivery of snake venom toxin‐based anticancer drugs.
Mild cognitive impairment estimation based on functional near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Yi‐Hua , Chen Wei‐Yu , Liu Yao‐Hong , Li Ting‐Ying , Lin Ching‐Po , Cheong Pou‐Leng , Wang Yi‐Min , Jeng Jiann‐Shing , Sun Chia‐Wei , Wu Chau‐Chung
Published: September 2023

Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at a high risk of developing future dementia. However, early identification and active intervention could potentially reduce its morbidity and the incidence of dementia. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been proposed as a noninvasive modality for detecting oxygenation changes in the time‐varying hemodynamics of the prefrontal cortex. This study sought to provide an effective method for detecting patients with MCI using fNIRS and the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) to evaluate changes in blood oxygenation. The results revealed that all groups with a lower mini‐mental state examination grade had a higher increase in HHb concentration during a modified WCST (MCST). The increase in the change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration in the stroke group was smaller than that in the normal group due to weak cerebrovascular reactivity.
Immunity in the balance: Fatal disseminated adenovirus infection in a patient undergoing plasma exchange and immunosuppressive chemotherapy for anti‐glomerular basement membrane disease
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W. , Villalba Cristina A. Figueroa , Stendahl Kristin , Tormey Christopher A. , Abels Elizabeth
Published: September 2023

Anti‐glomerular basement membrane (anti‐GBM) disease (formerly known as Goodpasture's syndrome) is a rare autoinflammatory condition that affects the renal and/or pulmonary capillaries. The standard therapeutic regimen for anti‐GBM disease involves therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), cyclophosphamide, and corticosteroids to rapidly remove and inhibit autoantibody production and reduce organ inflammation. Herein we report an 82‐year‐old female who developed anti‐GBM disease but expired despite therapy, secondary to multi‐organ failure in the setting of disseminated adenovirus disease. We discuss the utility and potential adverse effect of daily TPE for a protracted course (ie, 10‐14 days), the recommended TPE intensity in the 2023 American Society for Apheresis guidelines, updated from every‐other‐day TPE in the 2019 guidelines, despite no new data. We also highlight the potential for unusual infections to occur in these patients due to the profound immunosuppression, and discuss the importance of balancing immunosuppression to treat the disease with close surveillance of any potential opportunistic infections.
Ionization, intrinsic basicity, and intrinsic acidity of unsaturated diols of astrochemical interest: 1,1‐ and 1,2‐ethenediol: A theoretical survey
Authors: Mó Otilia , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar , Guillemin Jean‐Claude , Yáñez Manuel
Published: September 2023

The structure, stability, and bonding characteristics of 1,1‐ and 1,2‐ethenediol, their radical cations, and their protonated and deprotonated species were investigated using high‐level ab initio G4 calculations. The electron density of all the neutral and charged systems investigated was analyzed using the QTAIM, ELF, and NBO approaches. The vertical ionization potential (IP) of the five stable tautomers of 1,2‐ethenediol and the two stable tautomers of 1,1‐ethenediol go from 11.81 to 12.27 eV, whereas the adiabatic ones go from 11.00 to 11.72 eV. The adiabatic ionization leads to a significant charge delocalization along the O‐C‐C‐O skeleton. The most stable protonated form of (Z)‐1,2‐ethenediol can be reached by the protonation of both the anti‐anti and the syn‐anti conformers, whereas the most stable deprotonated form arises only from the syn‐anti one. Both charged species are extra‐stabilized by the formation of an O‐H···O intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) which is not found in the neutral system. (Z)‐1,2‐ethenediol is predicted to be less stable, less basic, and more acidic than its cis‐glycolaldehyde isomer. The most stable protonated species of (E)‐1,2‐ethenediol comes from its syn‐syn conformer, although the anti‐anti conformer is the most basic one. Contrarily, the three conformers yield a common deprotonated species, so their acidity follows exactly their relative stability. Again, the (E)‐1,2‐ethenediol is predicted to be less stable, less basic, and more acidic than its trans‐glycolaldehyde isomer. Neither the neutral nor the protonated or the deprotonated forms of 1,1‐ethenediol show the formation of any O‐H···O IHB. The most stable protonated species is formed by the protonation of any of the two tautomers, but the most stable deprotonated form arises exclusively from the syn‐anti neutral conformer. The conformers of 1,1‐ethenediol are much less stable and significantly less basic than their isomer, acetic acid, and only slightly more acidic.
Loss ofmiR‐204andmiR‐211shifts osteochondral balance and causes temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
Authors: Huang Jian , Lai Yumei , Li Jun , Zhao Lan
Published: September 2023

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of TMJ disorders causing pain and dysfunction in the jaw and surrounding tissues. The causes for TMJ OA are unknown and the underlying mechanism remains to be identified. In this study, we generated genetically‐modified mice deficient of two homologous microRNAs,miR‐204andmiR‐211, both of which were confirmed by in situ hybridization to be expressed in multiple TMJ tissues, including condylar cartilage, articular eminence, and TMJ disc. Importantly, the loss‐of‐function ofmiR‐204andmiR‐211caused an age‐dependent progressive OA‐like phenotype, including cartilage degradation and abnormal subchondral bone remodeling. Mechanistically, the TMJ joint deficient of the two microRNAs demonstrated a significant accumulation of RUNX2, a protein directly targeted bymiR‐204/‐211, and upregulations of β‐catenin, suggesting a disrupted balance between osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in the TMJ, which may underlie TMJ OA. Moreover, the TMJ withmiR‐204/‐211loss‐of‐function displayed an aberrant alteration in both collagen component and cartilage‐degrading enzymes and exhibited exacerbated orofacial allodynia, corroborating the degenerative and painful nature of TMJ OA. Together, our results establish a key role ofmiR‐204/‐211in maintaining the osteochondral homeostasis of the TMJ and counteracting OA pathogenesis through repressing the pro‐osteogenic factors including RUNX2 and β‐catenin.
Postcranial skeleton of Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse (Calomyscus elburzensis Goodwin, 1939) (Rodentia: Calomyscidae): Shape, size, function, and locomotor adaptation
Authors: Hamidi Kordiyeh , Matin Maryam M. , Pérez M. Julieta , Kilpatrick C. William , Darvish Jamshid
Published: September 2023

Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse (Calomyscus elburzensis Goodwin, 1939) is a poorly known small rodent that occupies rocky habitats in Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, and Syria. Herein, a detailed description of the shape, size, and function of the postcranial skeleton of this species is presented for the first time. Trapping was carried out in eastern Iran between the years 2013 and 2015. Skeletal parts of 24 adult male specimens were removed using the papain digestion protocol, and several postcranial morphological characteristics and measurements were examined. We attempted to achieve a morpho‐functional characterization of Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse and to match morphological specializations with previous information on the ecology, behavior, and phylogenetic inferences of this rodent. Goodwin's brush‐tailed mouse has extended transverse processes and long zygapophyses in the first five caudal vertebrae along with a good innervation of the caudal vertebrae, which has resulted in a well‐developed basal musculature of the tail. It has extended forelimb, long ilium, and short post‐acetabular part of the innominate bone, loose hip joint with high degree of lateral movement of the hindlimb, and long distal elements of the hindlimb. These features have resulted in fast terrestrial movements in open microhabitats, including climbing and jumping. Although superficial scratching of the ground is observed, the species is incapable of digging burrows. Evaluation of postcranial morphological characteristics and character states further indicated the basal radiation of the genus Calomyscus among other Muroidea. Findings constitute a source of information for morpho‐functional and phylogenetic comparisons between Calomyscidae and other mouse‐like muroids.
PET‐based radiomics signature can predict durable responses to CAR T‐cell therapy in patients with large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ligero Marta , Simó Marc , Carpio Cecilia , Iacoboni Gloria , Balaguer‐Montero Maria , Navarro Victor , Sánchez‐Salinas Mario Andres , Bobillo Sabela , Marín‐Niebla Ana , Iraola‐Truchuelo Josu , Abrisqueta Pau , Sala‐Llonch Roser , Bosch Francesc , Perez‐Lopez Raquel , Barba Pere
Published: September 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is a promising treatment option for relapsed or refractory (R/R) large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL). However, only a subset of patients will present long‐term benefit. In this study, we explored the potential of PET‐based radiomics to predict treatment outcomes with the aim of improving patient selection for CAR T‐cell therapy. We conducted a single‐center study including 93 consecutive R/R LBCL patients who received a CAR T‐cell infusion from 2018 to 2021, split in training set (73 patients) and test set (20 patients). Radiomics features were extracted from baseline PET scans and clinical benefit was defined based on median progression‐free survival (PFS). Cox regression models including the radiomics signature, conventional PET biomarkers and clinical variables were performed for most relevant outcomes. A radiomics signature including 4 PET‐based parameters achieved an AUC = 0.73 for predicting clinical benefit in the test set, outperforming the predictive value of conventional PET biomarkers (total metabolic tumor volume [TMTV]: AUC = 0.66 and maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax]: AUC = 0.59). A high radiomics score was also associated with longer PFS and OS in the multivariable analysis. In conclusion, the PET‐based radiomics signature predicted efficacy of CAR T‐cell therapy and outperformed conventional PET biomarkers in our cohort of LBCL patients.
Synoptic circulation patterns of urban floods for the city of Hyderabad
Authors: Mohammed Azharuddin , Regonda Satish Kumar
Published: September 2023

Synoptic fingerprinting of flood driving rainfall events over the Hyderabad city, India were assessed through an unsupervised machine learning technique—self‐organizing maps (SOM) for the period 1979–2020. Flood dates were identified using nonscientific data sources, and then large‐scale climate variables, that is, integrated vapour transport (IVT) and geopotential height at 500 hPa (Z500) along with rainfall at daily scale were considered. SOM was applied on IVT and results indicated large spatial scale‐ and season‐specific mechanisms in addition to local circulation systems—this highlights SOM's ability to cluster circulation mechanisms as per the relevance. The rainy seasons, that is, monsoon and postmonsoon showed well‐known moisture pathways. While synoptic systems can be easily linked with monsoon and postmonsoon mechanisms, it is interesting to note that the local systems exist even during the monsoon and postmonsoon season in addition to the summer season. Spatial patterns of Z500 corresponding to SOM nodes of IVT showed the presence of low‐pressure systems (LPSs), tropical cyclones and trough systems. Further analysis was performed, and a total of 35 atmospheric rivers (ARs) were identified. Plots of back trajectories for the selected AR events indicated that Arabian Sea is the main source of moisture in the monsoon season followed by Bay of Bengal for postmonsoon and tropical cyclones in summer season events. Additionally, moisture from land is also observed as another source of moisture. Back‐trajectory analysis further indicated AR‐LPS interaction during the monsoon and ARs feeding moisture to LPSs. Overall, well‐known and season‐specific synoptic systems that brought significant rainfall to the study region were identified by the SOM. The proposed framework is adaptable for different locations, and as floods in cities across the globe are on the rise, these findings will have a prominent role in urban flood forecasting and management.
What are the best methods for rapid reviews of the research evidence? A systematic review of reviews and primary studies
Authors: Haby Michelle M. , Barreto Jorge Otávio Maia , Kim Jenny Yeon Hee , Peiris Sasha , Mansilla Cristián , Torres Marcela , Guerrero‐Magaña Diego Emmanuel , Reveiz Ludovic
Published: September 2023

Rapid review methodology aims to facilitate faster conduct of systematic reviews to meet the needs of the decision‐maker, while also maintaining quality and credibility. This systematic review aimed to determine the impact of different methodological shortcuts for undertaking rapid reviews on the risk of bias (RoB) of the results of the review. Review stages for which reviews and primary studies were sought included the preparation of a protocol, question formulation, inclusion criteria, searching, selection, data extraction, RoB assessment, synthesis, and reporting. We searched 11 electronic databases in April 2022, and conducted some supplementary searching. Reviewers worked in pairs to screen, select, extract data, and assess the RoB of included reviews and studies. We included 15 systematic reviews, 7 scoping reviews, and 65 primary studies. We found that several commonly used shortcuts in rapid reviews are likely to increase the RoB in the results. These include restrictions based on publication date, use of a single electronic database as a source of studies, and use of a single reviewer for screening titles and abstracts, selecting studies based on the full‐text, and for extracting data. Authors of rapid reviews should be transparent in reporting their use of these shortcuts and acknowledge the possibility of them causing bias in the results. This review also highlights shortcuts that can save time without increasing the risk of bias. Further research is needed for both systematic and rapid reviews on faster methods for accurate data extraction and RoB assessment, and on development of more precise search strategies.
A Versatile Elastin‐Like Carrier for Bioactive Antimicrobial Peptide Production and Delivery
Authors: Colomina – Alfaro Laura , Sist Paola , Marchesan Silvia , Urbani Ranieri , Stamboulis Artemis , Bandiera Antonella
Published: September 2023

Elastin‐like polypeptides are biotechnological protein and peptide carriers that offer a vast scope of applicability. This work aims to build a model for the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) by genetically engineering the Human Elastin‐like Polypeptide platform developed in the lab. The well‐characterized AMP indolicidin is selected as an example of an antimicrobial domain for the recombinant fusion at the C‐terminus of the carrier. The fusion construct has been designed to allow the release of the antimicrobial domain. The expression product has been purified and its physicochemical and antimicrobial properties has been characterized. Taking advantage of the self‐assembling and matrix‐forming properties of the recombinant biopolymer, the materials that are obtained have been evaluated for antimicrobial activity toward bacterial‐strain models. This approach represents a cost‐effective strategy for the production of smart components and materials endowed with antimicrobial capacity triggered by external stimuli.
Phase‐field modeling for failure behavior of reinforced ultra‐high performance concrete at low cycle fatigue
Authors: Pise Mangesh , Gebuhr Gregor , Brands Dominik , Schröder Jörg , Anders Steffen
Published: September 2023

The influence of different fiber contents and orientations on the overall material behavior of steel microfiber reinforced UHPC is studied. To analyze the failure behavior of UHPC, the three‐point bending beam tests at low cycle is investigated experimentally and simulated numerically. For that purpose, recently developed phenomenological material model, see our recent works [1] and [2], based on the combination of elasto‐plastic phase‐field model for fracture and transversal isotropic elasto‐plasticity is implemented. For the modeling of distinct behavior of UHPC in tension and in compression, two different continuous stepwise linearly approximated degradation functions are used, cf. [3]. The numerical calibration is done using the measured mechanical properties of UHPC and steel fibers in the experiments. To use the different fiber distributions and orientations of steel fibers, the orientation distribution functions (ODF) are constructed. The prediction capability of the presented numerical model in terms of accuracy of numerical results comparing to the experimental data is discussed.