bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LORD ACTON: NACIONALISMO Y PODER
Authors: Rios de Rodriguez Carroll
Published: March 2022

En el pensamiento de Lord Acton, tanto las ideas nacionalistas como el método democrático de gobierno pueden atropellar la libertad de las personas. El nacionalismo puede ser una idea colectivista que conduce a la centralización del poder, incluso en regímenes democráticos. También puede adquirir matices religiosos. Su ensayo Nacionalidad (1862) adquiere relevancia para interpretar las corrientes populistas y nacionalistas en la América Latina contemporánea.
LA ESCUELA DE SALAMANCA Y LA ESCUELA AUSTRIACA: ¿DOS VISIONES CONVERGENTES O DIVERGENTES DEL SER HUMANO?
Authors: Guerra-García Campos Hernando
Published: March 2022

A partir de la comparación de los textos de Tomás de Mercado, miembro de la Escuela Escolástica de Salamanca, y los de Ludwig von Mises de la Escuela Austriaca del Liberalismo, el ensayo reflexiona sobre si es posi­ble una ética cristiana que apoye las ideas del libre mercado. El ensayo abarca la concepción del hombre, el libre albedrío, el nominalismo, la ley divina y la idea de Dios en ambas escuelas filosóficas, encontrando una divergencia entre ellas. A partir de esto, el autor reflexiona sobre las posibilidades de en­contrar una convergencia entre la ética cristiana y la praxeología de Mises (supuestamente distante) de una ética «natural» basada precisamente en la naturaleza del hombre.
LA ÉTICA CATÓLICA Y EL ESPÍRITU DEL CAPITALISMO: DON Y CONTRATO EN LA ESCUELA DE SALAMANCA
Authors: Moreno Almárcegui Antonio , Scalzo Germán
Published: March 2022

Este artículo pretende contribuir al debate sobre la relación entre economía y religión a través de una profundización de la estructura de la cari­tas en la tradición católica de la Escuela de Salamanca. Según la famosa tesis de Weber que relaciona la ética protestante con el espíritu del capitalismo, la separación entre el mundo del contrato y el del don habría permitido el surgi­miento de las instituciones económicas modernas —en especial el mercado y el Estado— y el desarrollo capitalista. La tesis que aquí se sostiene muestra cómo para la tradición católica don y contrato no se oponen, sino que uno es fundamento del otro; en otras palabras, que el mercado presupone el don. Como corolario, se fundamentará que el rechazo de la usura que se observa en la tradición salmanticense está unido a la defensa de la moneda como un don.don
LA «ACOMODACIÓN INCÓMODA»: LA ESCUELA DE SALAMANCA Y ORÍGENES DE CAPITALISMO LIBERAL
Authors: Zebral Filho Silverio
Published: March 2022

El artículo revisita la hipótesis de que el pensamiento económico producido por los doctores y filósofos morales reunidos en la Escuela de Salamanca, como precursora del capitalismo moderno, inicia por caracterizar la España del Siglo XIV —el llamado Siglo de Oro español— en el ámbito de las grandes transformaciones sociales, políticas, económicas —y sobre todo, morales— impulsadas por las grandes navegaciones, los descubrimientos en las Indias Occidentales, el metalismo y los primordios del capitalismo mercantil en la Europa continental. En contrapunto a la interpretación propugnada por la Escuela Austriaca de Economía, presenta objeciones historiográficas, sociológicas y culturales a la interpretación del pensamiento salamantino como «protocapitalista», contrastando las nociones antiguas y modernas acerca de la moral, del bien, del hombre, los fines, la virtud, el trabajo, la libertad, la responsabilidad y la justicia.
LA TASA DE INTERÉS Y EL SENTIDO TEOLÓGICO DEL TIEMPO: REFLEXIONES
Authors: W. Méndez Guillermo
Published: March 2022

En este trabajo, nos proponemos revisar el concepto de tasa de interés, tomando en cuenta un factor poco aludido, la idea del tiempo. Pre­tendemos señalar que la idea que se tiene del tiempo es determinante para establecer la noción del interés. En un segundo momento, hablaremos de la idea de los reformadores acerca del dinero y del tiempo.

Finalmente, culminaremos con lo que Eugene von Böhm-Bawerk estimó que había sido la contribución más importante a la idea del interés por parte de los reformadores. El artículo no se propone hacer una contribución nueva en el área de la economía, pero es un asunto no trivial determinar qué idea del tiempo hizo posible la noción del interés y a eso volcamos ahora nuestra atención.
DOS MUNDOS EN GUERRA: EL TERRITORIO DONDE SE LIBRA LA BATALLA ES LA MORAL
Authors: Arévalo Morales Marco Tulio
Published: March 2022

Existe una oposición entre el mundo de los escolásticos, centra­do en cuestiones teológicas y metafísicas, y el mundo moderno, más intere­sado por el avance de la ciencia natural y el bienestar material. Esta oposición se nutre del positivismo de Comte. El que la modernidad se ocupe más de la ciencia no es una opción o elección, es inevitable, pues lo único que le queda es la inmanencia pura del conocimiento. Comte saca de la teoría del conocimiento kantiana sus últimas consecuencias y un terreno donde esto se aprecia con más claridad es en la fundamentación de la moral.
«NAVEGAR ES NECESARIO; VIVIR, NO»
Authors: Polanco Moris
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se sostiene la tesis de que la gran transformación cultural que se inició en el siglo XIV con el nominalismo y que dio como resul­tado la modernidad, cambió la actitud del hombre ante la vida. Básicamente, en lugar de ser vista como un don, esta se ve como un derecho (el primero) ante el cual se supedita todo, incluso la religión. Mientras no cambie su con­cepción de la vida, la modernidad será reacia a los valores cristianos, y los cristianos corren el riesgo de diluir y desfigurar el mensaje evangélico al tratar de vivir en este mundo si no se forman intelectualmente en las fuentes de su tradición.
ÉPOCAS Y ACTITUDES ANTE LA VIDA
Authors: Polanco Moris
Published: March 2022

El presente volumen está compuesto por artículos y reseñas que, de una u otra forma, tratan de dar respuesta a preguntas que indagan sobre el cambio de mentalidad que se produjo a inicios de la era moderna (que, por simplicidad, situamos en el Renacimiento) en relación con el valor de la vida y el significado de la muerte; el papel de la economía y del dinero —en particular, la actitud ante el préstamo con intereses—, la moral, nuestra condición corpórea.
LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA VIRTUD PRIVADA ARISTOTÉLICA EN UNA CUESTIÓN SOCIAL EN EL SIGLO XVI
Authors: Zorroza María Idoya
Published: March 2022

Durante el siglo XVI, el problema de la pobreza se convirtió en un fenómeno dramático por toda Europa. Sin embargo, este no era solo un problema económico; en él se ha visto el punto que diferenciaba la institución de la caridad medieval (como virtud religiosa) del inicio de la beneficencia moderna; o bien el punto de inflexión entre el espíritu del mundo medieval y el del precapitalismo. En Salamanca tuvo lugar una interesante polémica entre Domingo de Soto y Juan de Robles (que sigue en esto a Juan Luis Vives y las leyes de pobres de Ypres). Vives y Robles buscan transformar la mendicidad en un problema social que tenga también una solución social y política: la asistencia pública a los pobres en sus casas o en hospitales. En contra: Soto busca soluciones que respeten la ley natural y la virtud de la liberalidad como una virtud social.
LA MUERTE, EL CUERPO Y EL INICIO DE LA MODERNIDAD
Authors: Martínez Alejandra
Published: March 2022

Examinaremos el cambio de mentalidad que ocurrió entre los siglos XIV y XV en torno al abandono de la idea de trascendencia y de inmor­talidad del alma, propias del ethos medieval; por una creciente preocupación por la muerte, la corrupción del cuerpo y la importancia de la vida terrena como plano de autorrealización individual, que finalmente daría paso a la Mo­dernidad.
Neuropsicología de la libertad
Authors: Ramírez Ochoa Juan José
Published: March 2022

En este artículo se aborda el problema de la configuración, a nivel neuropsicológico, de un sistema de conocimiento que asiste y orienta el comportamiento individual libre. El nombre que se le ha dado a dicha configuración en el presente trabajo es el de «sentido de libertad», término con el que se busca hacer referencia a este sistema de conocimiento derivado de la interacción del individuo en el contexto de sociedades abiertas basadas en reglas abstractas. La operación fundamental que se explora es la clasificación sensorial de los eventos del entorno social e intraindividual; con el propósito de ofrecer una perspectiva contra la cual se pueda contrastar otras teorías del comportamiento social que favorecen, de manera un tanto limitativa, paradigmas basados en automatismos o en mecanismos más simples. Se espera ofrecer argumentos sobre los cuales se pueda indagar con mayor amplitud el efecto de los procesos evolutivos, tanto sociales como biológicos, sobre los procesos individuales de adaptación a sistemas sociales cuyo principio operativo sea la libertad.
Más perfectos, pero no mejores: un estudio sobre el transhumanismo y el desarrollo humano de la mano de la tecnología
Authors: Camey Marroquín Carmen
Published: March 2022

El transhumanismo y las aspiraciones de mejora humana a través del uso de distintas tecnologías son cada vez más una realidad en nuestra sociedad. En el siguiente artículo, me propongo explicar algunas de las principales pretensiones de este movimiento y discutir sus implicaciones éticas y morales. La tesis que sostengo es que muchas veces, al tratar de superar la humanidad o conseguir su perfeccionamiento, el hombre se acaba deshumanizando y perdiendo las características que lo hacen ser lo que es, y le dan valor y dignidad.
John C. Lennox 2084: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Humanity [2084: Inteligencia artificial y el futuro de la humanidad]
Authors: Orrego David
Published: March 2022

Constantemente el desarrollo de inteligencia artificial (IA) intriga hasta dónde el hombre posee la capacidad para reinventarse a través de la creación de avances tecnológicos. Quienes piensan que dichos avances pueden estibar dilemas sociales, económicos y éticos para la sociedad actual, sabrán que es un tema propio de nuestros tiempos que discutir o, al menos, asimilarlo ante su llegada fehaciente.
Implementasi Etika Bisnis Islam dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Pedagang
Authors: Yunita Rahayu  , Muhammad Iqbal Fasa  , Suharto
Published: March 2022

A business can lead to a transaction between a seller and a buyer regarding a particular object or item. Islam justifies trade, commerce, and or buying and selling. In Islam, it has also been regulated how to transact correctly, this rule is known as Islamic business ethics. In this study using library research method (library review) which collects data from various kinds of literature, the research aims to find out how the implementation of Islamic business ethics in improving the welfare of cattle traders. Welfare in sharia economy aims to achieve human welfare as a whole, namely material welfare, spiritual and moral welfare. The result of this study is to find out how to implement Islamic business ethics in carrying out a muamalah activity.
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Produk Amanah dalam Upaya Menarik Minat Nasabah pada PT. Pegadaian Syariah Cabang Gorontalo
Authors: Wiwin Koni  , Saifullah
Published: March 2022

This research aims to find out how the Trusted Product Marketing Strategy in An Effort to Attract Customer Interest and to find out whether the marketing strategy implemented by the Gorontalo Branch Sharia Pawnshop can increase the number of customers. This type of research is field research with a qualitative approach. The data source in this study consists of primary and secondary data obtained from interviews with Managers and Employees at Gorontalo Branch Sharia Pawnshop, and documentation and sourced from literature research in the form of reading books and other sources relevant to this research. This study resulted in the following findings: First, the marketing strategy used by Gorontalo Branch Sharia Pawnshop using 4P strategies: Products, Price, Place, and Promotion. Second, the marketing strategy that has been carried out by Gorontalo Branch Sharia Pawnshop was able to attract customer interest and increase the number of customers. This is evidenced by the increase in the number of customers of trust products from 2016-2019.
Comparing English language teacher education programs in Turkey and Finland
Authors: EKOÇ Arzu
Published: March 2022

The quality and qualifications of teachers reflect the quality of education and the success of students accordingly, and particular attention needs to be given to pre-service teacher training as it is the primary step towards professionalization. Keeping this point in mind, English language teacher education programs (ELTEPs) seem to be a worthwhile research area. There is an increasing number of studies addressing ELTEPs in Turkey. Yet, comparative data on Turkey’s ELTEPs and those of other countries remain relatively limited. Reasoning from the mentioned reasons, the study aims to analyze ELTEPs in Finland and Turkey based on five criteria; student selection, curriculum, practicum hours, graduation prerequisites and recruitment of teachers. Comparative in essence, the data were composed of documents indicating ELTEPs in both countries. For this qualitative research, basically, document analysis and content analysis were applied. As for the findings, one can count student selection, pre-service teaching practice and recruitment of teachers different from each other. More significantly, teachers in Finland are highly respected, trusted and have a high degree of autonomy in their work from the start of their profession. In the light of such comparative studies, Turkey needs to establish its unique model and enhance the quality of teacher education by taking the strengths of ELTEPs in different countries.
Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin 2018 Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretim Programına Yönelik Görüşleri
Authors: UĞUR Abdullah , COŞKUN KESKİN Sevgi , ŞENEL Taha
Published: March 2022

Türkiye’de 2005 yılında eğitim programlarında köklü bir değişikliğe gidilerek yapılandırmacılık anlayışına geçilmiştir. Daha sonra 2017 yılında yapılan bazı değişikliklerle tespit edilen sorunlar giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Son olarak 2018 yılında uygulamaya konulan programla Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi Öğretim Programı’na son şekli verilmiştir. Her ne kadar teorik anlamda oluşturulan altyapı ve sorunları gidermeye yönelik çalışmalar önemli olsa da hazırlanan bu programların uygulayıcıları olan öğretmenlerin gözünden bakmadan üretilen çözüm önerilerinin bir yanı hep eksiktir. Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul Sosyal Bilgiler Dersi Öğretim Programı’nı bizzat uygulayan sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin yaşadıkları sorunları ortaya koymak ve ulaşılan sonuçlar üzerinden ilgililere öneriler getirmektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması modelinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, Sakarya ilinin iki farklı ilçesinde görev yapan iki sosyal bilgiler öğretmeni ile her öğrenme alanının tamamlanmasından sonra yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yapılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analize tabi tutularak karşılaşılan sorunlar tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğretmenlerin bazı öğrenme alanlarında (Kültür ve Miras; Üretim, Dağıtım ve Tüketim) süre açısından sorun yaşadıkları, bazı öğrenme alanlarında konuların günlük hayatla bağlantılı olmaması dolayısıyla öğrenci açısından ilgi çekici olmadığı ve bu sebeple derslerin verimli geçmediği, bazı kazanımların bağlantılılık durumu gözetilmeksizin programa konulmuş olması gibi olumsuz sonuçlar ortaya çıkarken; öğretmenlerin kendi alan bilgisi yeterliliği, materyale ulaşma imkânları ile beceri ve değerler açısından ise olumlu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.
CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 3: CPT-Based Design of Foundations—Example Problems
Authors: Sakleshpur Venkata A. , Prezzi Monica , Salgado Rodrigo , Zaheer Mir
Published: March 2022

This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research.
BYSTROV VIBROSEISMIC LANDFILL OF THE GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTRE RAS AS A UNIQUE FACILITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF NEW GEOPHYSICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Soloviev V. M. , Emanov A. F. , Seleznev V. S. , Emanov A. A. , Korabelschikov D. G.
Published: March 2022

Information is presented about the Bystrov vibroseismic landfill near Novosibirsk, which houses Large-Scale Research Facilities with no analogues in the world – powerful 50–100-ton vibration sources (GRV-50, CVM-100, CV-40). The infrastructure of the landfill, the composition of the equipment, the tasks of scientific research, Russian and foreign performers of developments are described. The main research results of fundamental and practical importance are presented. One of the main tasks that the created polygon is aimed at is active vibroseismic monitoring with powerful vibrators. The repeatability and accuracy of monitoring, which is one millisecond in kinematic parameters, is shown; the existing monitoring scheme and prospects for increasing the monitoring area due to a stationary seismological network of stations are presented. An example of one of the promising fundamental developments is shown – the study of seismic emission during the excitation of a powerful low-frequency impact on the environment.
Měkkýši Jindřišského údolí u Jindřichova Hradce (jižní Čechy, Česká republika) [Molluscs of the Jindřišské údolí Valley near the town of Jindřichův Hradec (South Bohemia, Czech Republic)]
Authors: Hrdlička Vilém , Legátová Eva
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the research of mollusc communities in the floodplain of Hamerský potok Brook (Nežárka River tributary, South Bohemia, Czech Republic). Altogether, 42 mollusc species (39 species of gastropods, three species of bivalves) were recorded in the study area during the research in 2015, representing 17% of the total Czech malacofauna. More than a half of all species represents common forest species, but several sensitive woodland species as Causa holosericea, Ena montana and Macrogastra plicatula and the vulnerable wetland species, such as Euconulus praticola were also found. The occurrence of these rare species (three near threatened and one vulnerable) makes the valley of Hamerský potok Brook an important mollusc refugium of prime conservation importance in this fragmented Bohemian landscape of a long-term agricultural land-use.
Chondrina tatrica Ložek, 1948: new species for the Romanian fauna (Gastropoda: Chondrinidae)
Authors: Farkas Roland , Deli Tamás , Páll-Gergely Barna
Published: March 2022

Chondrina tatrica Ložek, 1948 is reported for the first time for Romania. The species was thought to be endemic to the Western Carpathian Mountains. The Romanian locality (Boga valley, Bihor County) is situated approximately 260 km from the nearest known site of the species in a straight line. The zoogeographical significance of this finding and the possible route of the ancestors of C. tatrica to the Carpathians is discussed.
Měkkýši údolí horního a středního Kačáku [Molluscs of the upper and middle Kačák brook valley]
Authors: Podroužková Štěpánka , Juřičková Lucie , Hronová Hana , Beran Luboš , Říhová Dagmar , Ložek Vojen
Published: March 2022

A total of 95 species of molluscs were recorded in the Kačák brook valley (Central Bohemia, Czech Republic), in its upper and middle part. Most of the terrestrial survey was conducted in the woody part of the studied area, therefore woodland gastropods represent 31% of the total species number, followed by generalists, hygrophilous and steppe species. Only a few species belong to aquatic molluscs. Twenty four species belong to the Red List of mollusc species in the Czech Republic. Critically endangered Anisus vorticulus, endangered Pisidium amnicum and Unio crassus represent aquatic species. Very attractive are wetlands and marshes in the Kačák brook catchment area, hosting two vulnerable species: Vertigo angustior and V. antivertigo.
Long-Term Contraceptive Use in Cases of Repeated Marital Rape
Authors: Ingles Jenny ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: March 2022

Directive 36 of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services gives guidance to health care professionals on the reactive administration of contraceptives to women in instances of isolated rape. This paper examines the moral permissibility of long-term proactive contraceptive use in instances of repeated marital rape by comparing it to the moral permissibility of reactive contraceptive use in cases of isolated rape found in directive 36.
Integrated Ducted Propulsor Concept
Authors: Chen Benjamin Y.-H. , Peterson Frank , Valentine Daniel T.
Published: March 2022

The Integrated Ducted Propulsor (IDP) is a new concept in marine propulsor design that proposes to integrate the propulsor with the ship's stern. This concept is different from conventional design in which the propeller is designed as an add-on device to a specified hull. The principal purpose of this paper is to present the IDP concept by describing a proposed design procedure. The results of calculations of power requirements and cavitation performance are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the IDP concept. The IDP is presented as a challenge to the marine propulsor design community to advance significantly existing design technology.
A Preswirl Stator-Propeller System as a Reliable Energy-Saving Device
Authors: Kim Ki-Sup , Kim Moon-Chan , Van Suak-Ho , Suh Jung-Chun , Lee Jin-Tae
Published: March 2022

Procedures for the design, analysis, and model tests of a preswirl stator-propeller system for a 300,000 DWT VLCC are described Five stators were designed and tested using the existing propeller for a 300,000 DWT VLCC in order to verify the effectiveness of the stator-propeller system. Maximum 6.5% decrease in delivered power at the design speed (15.5 knots) would be achieved with the designed stator-propeller system.
Engineering of Power Boat Propellers
Authors: Voros William S. , Mitchell Kevin W.
Published: March 2022

A computationally-based procedure developed for engineering powerboat propellers is presented Here powerboats are being distinguished from ships in that they are considered lo be at least partially planing, with their propellers distinguished from ship propellers in that blade cavitation is significantly involved in their propulsive performance. The engineering methodology is applied in an attempt to clarify an active issue in the selection of large sportfishing yacht propellers: larger diameter and lower RPM versus smaller diameter and higher RPM.
Analysis of Three-Dimensional Boundary-Layer on Propeller Blade
Authors: Oshima Akira
Published: March 2022

The three-dimensional boundary-layer flow on a rotating propeller was studied. The differential solution method was used to solve the laminar and turbulent boundary layer equations. The computed velocity components show good agreement with the measured ones. Finally, the influence of viscosity on propeller performance is discussed.
Hydrodynamic Loads and Dynamic Effects of Cavitation on Ice Class Propellers in Simulated Ice Blocked Flow
Authors: Walker Daniel
Published: March 2022

A series of test were done in a cavitation tunnel using ice-class propellers. The propellers were run in the wake of a nearby simulated ice blockage. Measurements taken included static and dynamic thrust and torque. duct thrust and fluid pressure on the face of the block adjacent to the propeller. The types, patterns, and nature of cavitation were recorded. The effect of cavitation during blockage was a reduction of mean values of thrust and torque and an associated increase in the dynamic oscillation about the mean value.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Propeller Shaft Forces of Contra-Rotating Propellers and Correlation with Full Scale Data
Authors: Hoshino Tetsuji
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the results of measurements of unsteady propeller shaft forces of a contra-rotating propeller (CRP) operating behind a ship in both model and full scales. Further, unsteady propeller shaft forces were calculated by a lifting surface theory and compared with the results of the measurements. It was found that the calculated propeller shaft forces were in good agreement with the experiments. Further, propeller shaft forces of the CRP measured in full scale coincided well with those predicted from the model experiments.
Til belysning af den indiske stats interventionsmåde:
Authors: Martinussen John
Published: March 2022

-
Interaction between light and single quantum-emitter in open Fabry-Perot microcavity
Authors: Pei Si-Hui , Song Zi-Xuan , Lin Xing , Fang Wei ,   State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,China,   College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058, China
Published: March 2022

The interaction between light and matter has attracted much attention not only for fundamental research but also for applications. The open Fabry-Perot cavity provides an excellent platform for such a study due to strong optical confinement, spectral and spatial and tunability, and the feasibility of optical fiber integration. In this review, first, the basic properties of open Fabry-Perot cavities and the fabrication techniques are introduced. Then recent progress of weak coupling, strong coupling and bad emitter regimes is discussed. Finally, the challenges to and perspectives in this respect are presented.
Carbon based electronic technology in post-Moore era: progress, applications and challenges
Authors: Liu Yi-Fan , Zhang Zhi-Yong ,   Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-based Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Published: March 2022

In the past 60 years, silicon-based semiconductor technology has triggered off the profound change of our information society, but it is also gradually approaching to the physical limit and engineering limit as well. Thus, the global semiconductor industry has entered into the post-Moore era. Carbon nanotube has many excellent electronic properties such as high mobility and ultra-thin body, so it has become a hopeful candidate for the new semiconductor material in the post-Moore era. After more than 20 years of development, carbon based electronic technology has made fundamental breakthroughs in many basic problems such as material preparation, Ohmic metal-semiconductor contact and gate engineering. In principle, there is no insurmountable obstacle in its industrialization process now. Therefore, in this paper the intrinsic advantages of carbon based electronic technology in the post-Moore era is introduced, the basic problems, progress and optimization direction of carbon based electronic technology are summarized, the application prospects in the fields of digital circuits, radio frequency electronics, sensing and detection, three-dimensional integration and chips for special applications are presented. Finally, the comprehensive challenges to the industrialization of carbon based electronic technology are analyzed, and its future development is also prospected.
A new preconditioning algorithm for computable compressible flow
Authors: Liu Bo , Xing Pu , Ding Song , Xie Ming-Jun , Feng Lin , Shi Xiao-Tian ,   China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics, Beijing 100074, China,   School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China,   Large Aircraft Advanced Training Center, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China,   School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
Published: March 2022

Low velocity flows often exhibit incompressible properties, and one of the most prohibitive aspects of these problems is a large number of computer resources required, including both CPU time and memory. Various numerical schemes used to calculate incompressible flow are constantly updated to accelerate convergence and reduce resource occupation, but incompressible flow is an ideal model for studying theoretical problems after all. In addition, it is a common phenomenon that high-speed and low-speed flow regions exist in the same system, and the influence of heat and volume force cannot be ignored in some cases. The artificial compressibility method is based on the idea that the numerical algorithms for compressible flows are used to solve incompressible flow. The system of compressible flow governing equations at very low Mach numbers is stiff due to the large disparity in acoustic wave speed, u + c, and the waves convecting at fluid speed, u. The preconditioning algorithm is effective to change the eigenvalues of the compressible flow equations system so as to remove the large disparity in wave speed, and the essence is to multiply the time derivatives with a suitable matrix. A function in low growth rate with Mach number as a variable is used to construct another new preconditioning matrix. Compared with other matrices of Dailey, Weiss, Choi and Pletcher, the new matrix can well improve the stiffness of the governing equations and the smoothness of eigenvalues in all-speed domain. A one-dimensional numerical example shows that the preconditioning matrix has ability to improve the efficiency of solving low-speed flow problems. These preconditioning matrices are extended to two-dimensional problems to simulate inviscid flow passing through a pipe with bulge and viscous flows passing through a flat and cavity. The results indicate that the new matrix has not only better accuracy but also higher efficiency than Weiss’s and Pletcher’s.
Measurements of atmospheric HONO and NO2 utilizing an open-path broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy based on an iterative algorithm
Authors: Meng Fan-Hao , Qin Min , Fang Wu , Duan Jun , Tang Ke , Zhang He-Lu , Shao Dou , Liao Zhi-Tang , Xie Pin-Hua ,   Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   College of Electrical and Opto-Electronic Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an 237012, China
Published: March 2022

Nitrous acid (HONO), as an important precursor of hydroxyl (OH) radical, has a low concentration, short lifetime, easy loss and high reactivity in the atmosphere. Thus, the high sensitivity detection of atmospheric HONO is a challenge. In this paper, we report an open-path broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OP-BBCEAS) system based on the iterative algorithm for simultaneous measurement of atmospheric HONO and NO2. In the conventional BBCEAS system, a pump is used to drive the ambient air into the optical cavity through the filter membrane for measurement, which can reduce the influence of aerosol particle extinction. However, the influence of wall loss and secondary formation caused by the optical cavity and sampling should be considered for reactive component measurements. The OP-BBCEAS with open-path configuration is adopted in this paper to avoid being influenced by wall effect. The effective absorption optical path is calculated by the iterative retrieval algorithm through multiple iterations, and the absorption of HONO and NO2 are then quantified by the spectral fitting method of differential optical absorption spectroscopy, which removes the broadband change influence of the Mie scattering extinction by aerosol particles and the light intensity fluctuation. The atmospheric HONO and NO2 with light (PM2.5 < 75 μg/m3) and moderate (PM2.5 > 75 μg/m3) aerosol loading are measured by the OP-BBCEAS system based on iterative algorithm, and compared with the counterparts by the conventional close-path BBCEAS system. The concentrations of HONO and NO2 measured by the two BBCEAS systems are in good agreement (R2 > 0.99) for different PM2.5 concentration levels, and the measurement differences of HONO and NO2 concentrations (HONO ≤ 4.0%, NO2 ≤ 6.5%) are less than the systematic measurement errors (HONO: 8.1%, NO2: 7.5%), which verifies the feasibility of iterative algorithm applied to OP-BBCEAS system for atmospheric measurement.
Macroeffect of magnons and thermal fluctiation on magnetization reversal
Authors: Li Zhu-Bai , Wei Lei , Zhang Zhen , Duan Dong-Wei , Zhao Qian ,   School of Materials and Metallurgy, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China,   School of Science, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
Published: March 2022

The magnetization reversal resulting from the thermal fluctuation is irreversible for overcoming the energy barrier, ant it is called the thermally assisted tunneling. In this paper the relaxation in magnetizaition reversal resulting from the thermal fluctuation is observed in Pr-Fe-B permanent magnet. The dependence of magnetic moment on the time natural logarithm is the same as that on the energy barrier in the thermally assisted tunneling. So the relaxation in magnetization reversal originates from the macroeffect of magnons which follow Bose distribution law. The critical size in the irreversible magnetization reversal obtained by the fluctuation field is on a nanometer scale and close to the theoretical domain wall size, indicating that the thermally assisted magnetization reversal undergoes the nucleation and de-pinning of domain wall. The increase of coupling volume will reduce the possibility of magnons tunneling in magnetization reversal due to the weakening effect of thermal fluctuation. The variation of fluctuation field with the field verifies the effect of exchange coupling in Pr-Fe-B magnets, and the calculated value of fluctuation field is consistent with the aftereffect of thermal activation. With the increase of temperature the thermal fluctuation energy increases, and though the aftereffect of thermal fluctuation weakens due to the exchange coupling, the ratio of thermal fluctuation aftereffect to coercivity increases in Pr-Fe-B magnet.
ACR-SA: attention-based deep model through two-channel CNN and Bi-RNN for sentiment analysis
Authors: Kamyab Marjan , Liu Guohua , Rasool Abdur , Adjeisah Michael
Published: March 2022

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) have been successfully applied to Natural Language Processing (NLP), especially in sentiment analysis. NLP can execute numerous functions to achieve significant results through RNN and CNN. Likewise, previous research shows that RNN achieved meaningful results than CNN due to extracting long-term dependencies. Meanwhile, CNN has its advantage; it can extract high-level features using its local fixed-size context at the input level. However, integrating these advantages into one network is challenging because of overfitting in training. Another problem with such models is the consideration of all the features equally. To this end, we propose an attention-based sentiment analysis using CNN and two independent bidirectional RNN networks to address the problems mentioned above and improve sentiment knowledge. Firstly, we apply a preprocessor to enhance the data quality by correcting spelling mistakes and removing noisy content. Secondly, our model utilizes CNN with max-pooling to extract contextual features and reduce feature dimensionality. Thirdly, two independent bidirectional RNN, i.e., Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Unit are used to capture long-term dependencies. We also applied the attention mechanism to the RNN layer output to emphasize each word’s attention level. Furthermore, Gaussian Noise and Dropout as regularization are applied to avoid the overfitting problem. Finally, we verify the model’s robustness on four standard datasets. Compared with existing improvements on the most recent neural network models, the experiment results show that our model significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art models.
Fertility Awareness and its Association with Socio-demographic and Reproductive Variables among Women Seeking Fertility Treatment: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Malik Nisha , Sinha Pooja , Nanda Smiti , Batra Namita , Singh Vikram , Hiremath Ravishekar N
Published: March 2022

Introduction: In the last decade, there was a substantial reduction in fertility rates in Indian women. Despite a high burden of infertility, Fertility Awareness (FA) among people of reproductive age group is generally poor. Infertility is associated with significant negative impact on social and psychological well-being of the married couple. Therefore there is a need for awareness on fertility among Indian women. Aim: To assess the level of fertility awareness and determine the impact of socio-demographic and reproductive variables on FA among a cohort of Indian women seeking fertility treatment. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India, including 108 women seeking fertility treatment over a period of six months. Participants were interviewed with a 10 item questionnaire and categorised into low (score <40%), moderate (score 40-59%) or high FA level (score ≥60%) according to percentage of correct answers. The association of socio-demographic and fertility characteristics with FA levels was statistically analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18.0. Results: Of the total 108 participants, majority (90.7%) of women were aged between 21 to 35 years and primary infertility (67.6%) was the most common type. The overall FA level was low in 27.8%, moderate in 44.4% and high in 27.8% study participants. Majority answered incorrectly about fertile period (60%) and age related fertility decline (55.6%). Nearly, two-thirds respondents believed that conception is not possible by any means if fallopian tubes are blocked. FA levels differed significantly between the age groups (p-value=0.001). The other socio-demographic and reproductive variables did not demonstrate any significant association with FA levels. Conclusion: Considerable gaps in knowledge and understanding of fertility issues were identified irrespective of their sociodemographic and fertility characteristics which warrant urgent attention. Targeted interventions are required to ensure easy to access accurate fertility information for couples’ informed decision making.
Bioactive Compounds, Amino Acid Content/Score of Composite Wheat, African Walnut, Moringa Biscuits
Authors: V. C. Wabali,
Published: March 2022

Moringa and African walnut seeds were processed into flour and evaluated for tannin, total phenol and anti-oxidant activity. Different formulations of wheat, African walnut and Moringa seed composite flour (A: WHF 100%: AWF 0;MSF 0, B= WHF 77.5%:AWF 20%: MSF 2.5%, C=WHF 75%: AWF 20%: MSF 5.0%, D= WHF 72.5%: AWF 20%: MSF 7.5%. E = WHF 70%: AWF 20%: MSF 10%, F = WHF 90%: AWF 0 : MSF 10%, G = WHF 80% : AWF 20% : MSF 0 ) were used in the production of biscuits. The Amino acid content of the prepared biscuits were determined and the Amino acid score using Hens egg and FAO standard to evaluate protein quality. Results reveal that Tannin and Total phenol content of African walnut flour was significantly higher with values 49.82mg/100g and 54.90mg/100g respectively, with Moringa seed flour having an anti-oxidant activity of 60.55%. Amino acid content of the biscuits showed that glutamic acid was higher in all the samples ranging from 10.96 – 12.33g/100g. Amino acid score results indicate that the amino acid content of the composite biscuits were higher than the FAO standards for adults above 18years.
Isolation of Cellulolytic Fungi from Rice Husk
Authors: O. Jesubunmi Christianah , O. Chinenye Precious , C. Chigbu Charles , O. Okechim Joy
Published: March 2022

Aim: To isolate cellulose degrading fungi from rice husk.

Study Design: The experiment was carried out under aseptic condition in 3 replicates.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Programme, Clifford University, Ihie Campus, Owerrinta, Abia State, Nigeria, between May 2021 to August 2021.

Methodology: Rice husk from a rice mill was collected and kept until visible microbial growth was noticed. The organisms were isolated, characterized and screened for enzyme activities.

Results: Cellulolytic organisms were isolated from rice husk, an agricultural by-product of rice milling. The isolates were identified as Penicillium and Aspergillus species. The two fungal isolates were screened for enzyme activity using 0.5 ml Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as carbon source, the highest cellulase activity of 0.448 µg/ml/min was recorded for Aspergillus sp. at 48 hours while Penicillium sp, had enzyme activity of 0.388 µg/ml/min at day 1.

Conclusion: The result of this study shows that Aspergillus and Penicillium spp were isolated from rice husk and were able to secrete the enzyme cellulase which is a very important enzyme in so many industries and also very expensive. Thus isolating organism that can secrete this enzyme is an added advantage to many industries.
Symbiosis of Urban Agglomeration vs. Natures Deterioration with Anthropocene; Odisha
Authors: Mishra Saswat , Sandeep M. , Jaiswal Sunny , Mishra Siba Prasad
Published: March 2022

Bhubaneswar, the city set up with Anthropocene; is suffering from forest losses, UHI upshot after the golden spike period (1980 onwards). It is associated with environmental, ecological and social challenges with population/economic growth. The symbiosis of urban agglomeration vs. natures deterioration is well felt from fag end of 20th century. Re-greening of Bhubaneswar smart city with involvement of about 1100K stakeholders in 2021 from about 15k in 1950. The research uses the remote sensing big data through GIS technology and using ERDAS software to construct the land use and land cover (LULC) change maps of the study years 1990, 2000, and 2020. The NDVI for the year 2000 and 2020 along with the land surface temperature on winter and summer days are calculated.  There is abrupt changes in built up and afforestation areas at the cost of barren land and water bodies. Reconstruction of green corridor along with building the smart city urges for vertical expansion of the city along with zero slum with uncontrolled migration and population rise.
Growth and Development of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Different Levels and Timing of Phosphogypsum Nutrition
Authors: Vaishnav Sheri , Ananda M. R. , Vikramarjun Madam , Kommireddy Poojitha
Published: March 2022

Aims: A field experiment entitled “Growth and development of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as influenced by different levels and timing of phosphogypsum nutrition” was planned to ascertain the role of phosphogypsum an industrial by product in promoting growth of groundnut.

Study Design:  Experiment was carried out at Agronomy field unit, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, during kharif 2019. Experiment was planned with eleven treatments of which eight received sulphur through phosphogypsum at different levels (50, 75, 100 and 125 kg S eq ha-1) as basal and split (30 DAS) and one through gypsum (500 kg ha-1) as basal. Whereas, other two treatments with NPK and NK alone are included for comparison. Design of the experiment is RCBD with eleven treatments replicated thrice.

Results: Among different treatments, application of phosphogypsum 125 kg S eq ha-1 in split recorded highest growth parameters like plant height (42.49 cm), leaf area (1137 cm2 plant-1), dry matter per plant (29.30 g) and number of branches plant‑1 (8.62). Whereas, application of phosphogypsum 100 kg S eq ha‑1 in split found on par with 125 kg with respect to all growth parameters. While lowest values of all the parameters were noticed in treatment receiving N and K fertilizer alone.
Early Growth Dynamics of Selected Accessions of Garcinia indica (Choisy) in Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka
Authors: Mujadadi N. , Fakrudin B. , Jayashree U. , Honnabyraiah M. K. , Swamy G. S. K. , Vasudeva K. R. , Pappireddy M.
Published: March 2022

A set of 60 accessions of Garcinia indica (Choisy), comprised of two to five years old, established as part of ex-situ field gene bank at the College of Horticulture, Bengaluru were evaluated for growth and development related characters over two consecutive years, 2019-20 and 2020-21.   A set of 11 growth traits significantly varied in their relative per cent increase over successive years.  Among all the growth parameters, tree volume recorded a maximum per cent increase of 186.56 per cent.   The extent of variation as measured by range for different traits varied- plant height: 176.24cm to 350.44cm; number of branches: 22 to 42.24; length of branch 6.00 cm to 168.00cm; number of leaves: 59.00 to 80.00; stem girth: 11.28 cm to 35.17cm; canopy spread (East-West): 116.15cm to 267.33cm; canopy spread (North-South): 135.00 cm to 276.00 cm; and tree volume: 1.68m3 to 13.91m3. Plant height was  150cm in 2019 and 220cm in 2020 in GI_SIR7;  210cm -290cm in GI_DAN2, 320cm-380cm in GI_YAN4 and 330-410 in GI_KAN3, respectively in two, three, four and five-year-old age groups. The traits such as number of branches, length of the branch, number of leaves, stem girth, canopy spread East-West and tree volume increased gradually over two years of study.  The results have significance in per se establishment of the species in non-traditional areas such as this agro-climatic zone.