bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpretasi Struktur Geologi Berdasarkan Fault Fracture Density (FFD) dan Implikasinya Terhadap Potensi Likuifaksi di Daerah Lempake, Kecamatan Sungai Pinang, Kota Samarinda Provinsi Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Syam Muhammad Amin , Pareken Resky Nopal , Pratama Micko Dyan , Ayuningtyas Pridawanti
Published: January 2025

Pemahaman terhadap struktur geologi suatu daerah sangat penting dalam konteks mitigasi bencana alam, terutama untuk menilai potensi terjadinya likuefaksi. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memahami struktur geologi adalah analisis Fault Fracture Density (FFD), yang mengukur dan memetakan kepadatan rekahan dan sesar di wilayah tertentu. Penelitian ini diterapkan di daerah Lempake, Kecamatan Sungai Pinang, Kota Samarinda, untuk mengidentifikasi potensi likuefaksi yang dapat dipicu oleh aktivitas seismik. FFD digunakan untuk menginterpretasi struktur geologi dan menilai risiko likuefaksi, dengan fokus pada zona-zona yang memiliki kepadatan rekahan tinggi, yang berpotensi meningkatkan permeabilitas tanah dan memungkinkan akumulasi air. Penelitian ini menggabungkan pendekatan mixed-method, mengintegrasikan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif melalui data Digital Elevation Model (DEMNAS), pemetaan FFD, pengukuran anomali gaya berat, dan analisis Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa daerah dengan kepadatan kelurusan tinggi berpotensi mengalami likuefaksi dan kelongsoran, terutama di wilayah dengan kemiringan lereng yang lebih curam dan struktur geologi yang terdeformasi. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi pengelolaan risiko bencana geologis di daerah Lempake, dengan rekomendasi praktis untuk perencanaan mitigasi bencana.

Kata Kunci: Fault Fracture Density (FFD), likuefaksi, struktur geologi, mitigasi bencana, pemetaan, Digital Elevation Model (DEMNAS), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), anomali gaya berat, kepadatan rekahan, kelongsoran, resiko geoteknik.
PREDICTING STUDENT GRADUATION USING THE FUZZY TSUKAMOTO METHOD IN COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDY PROGRAM STUDENTS CLASS OF 2022
Authors: Upuy Doms , Suhardin Askin , Sapri Ismu Iqbal
Published: January 2025

This research aims to help optimize resources by designing a system that can be used to help predict student graduation at Pattimura University. The system method used is the Tsukamoto fuzzy method. Tsukamoto's method is an extension of monotonic reasoning. In the Tsukamoto method, each consequence of a rule in the form of IF-THEN must be represented by a fuzzy set with a monotonic membership function. As a result, the inference output from each rule is given firmly (crisp) based on the ?-predicate (fire strength). The final result is obtained using a weighted average. The result of this research is a student graduation prediction system to optimize good results and avoid errors that occur when predicting student graduation.
Penerapan Algoritma Support Vector Machine (SVM) untuk Deteksi Penyakit Mata Katarak
Authors: Supit Yonal
Published: January 2025

Penyakit mata merupakan salah satu gangguan kesehatan yang dapat berdampak serius jika tidak terdiagnosis secara dini. Dalam upaya meningkatkan akurasi dan efisiensi deteksi penyakit mata, metode Support Vector Machine (SVM) digunakan untuk klasifikasi penyakit mata berdasarkan dataset citra atau data numerik terkait. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan SVM sebagai algoritma klasifikasi, memanfaatkan fitur yang diekstraksi dari citra mata atau data medis yang relevan. Proses penelitian mencakup pengumpulan data, pra-pemrosesan, ekstraksi fitur, pelatihan model SVM, serta evaluasi performa model menggunakan metrik akurasi, precision, recall, dan F1-score. Dengan menerapkan teknik k-fold cross-validation, model diuji untuk menghindari overfitting dan memastikan generalisasi yang baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode SVM mampu memberikan hasil klasifikasi yang akurat, serta dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu diagnosis penyakit mata yang efektif.
Social Differentiation of Ethnic Communities and Professional Groups in the History of Ethiopia
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Ismagilova Roza
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the position and role in the socio-ethno-political processes of Ethiopia’s past of such institutions as professional groups, often referred to as “castes,” and the descendants of slaves. The study is based on the author’s field research and the work of Ethiopian scholars. It contains extensive factual material on various ethnic communities, both the multi-million Amhara or Oromo ethnic groups and ethnic minorities, including the Yem, Sidama, Wolaita, Gurage, hunter-gatherers (using the Manjo as an example).

The institutions of discriminated groups, which were established in antiquity, have shown their resilience over several centuries. These institutions include “castes” (the study makes a parallel of this social institution in Ethiopia with a similar one in India), slave descendants, and ethnic hierarchy. In Ethiopia, there was a very unique phenomenon where slavery existed only among women. This is the case of the Raya Kobbo ethnic group in Amhara State in the North Wollo Zone.

Another category of ethnic communities is the “castes” of artisans. For centuries, several ethnic groups of Ethiopia have considered physical labor and crafts (blacksmithing, weaving, dyeing, woodworking, and others) “unworthy” occupations compared to agriculture. The author analyzes in detail the status of the various “castes” of craftsmen—blacksmiths, potters, tanners, weavers, and others—and the evolution of attitudes towards them in Ethiopian society. The reason for the persistence of such institutions, in the author’s view, is tradition, which had left its mark on the social structure of Ethiopian society and will take a long time to eradicate.
Russia and Africa: a Western View on Cooperation Dynamics in 1991–2023
Authors: Sviridov Vsevolod
Published: January 2025

Review of the book: Ramani S. (2023). Russia in Africa. Resurgent Great Power or Bellicose Pretender? Johannesburg: Jacana Media.
Cooperation and Equality: How the Bandung Spirit Shapes the Connection Between Indonesia and Africa
Authors: Kuklin Nikita
Published: January 2025

Review of the book: Dorigné-Thomson C. (2023). Indonesia’s engagement with Africa. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6651-6
Re-Sovereignising Africa in the Context of the New World Order Formation
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Degterev Denis
Published: January 2025

This article is devoted to an examination of both the theoretical and practical aspects of the strengthening of sovereignty on the African continent. The first part of the article comprises a critical analysis of the ‘conventional’ social sciences, concluding that there is no enough literature addressing the issue of sovereignty. The theoretical part of the article also provides a matrix of conjugations of concepts, both synonymous (sovereignty and security) and antonymous to the former (hegemony and neocolonialism). The article then goes on to present the main classifications of types of sovereignty, hegemony and neocolonialism as interpreted by leading Soviet, Russian, Western and African scholars. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the works of the prominent Russian intellectual V.L. Tsymbursky, who distinguished between ‘sovereignty of fact’ and ‘sovereignty of recognition’, and also divided the political and legal nature of sovereignty. This framework is used to examine both the current situation in the Sahel and the broader African context, and the unprecedented rise in efforts to strengthen sovereignty in Africa that took place in the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the peak of the Non-Aligned Movement’s and the UNCTAD’s activities. The author identifies the problem of sovereignty defense (ensuring comprehensive security) in the declarations of the BRICS summits in 2009–2022. Conclusions are drawn about the ‘double evolution’ of the external structures of ‘geopolitical recognition’ that took place immediately after the collapse of the USSR and in recent years, when the erosion of the Western-centric system is observed. The final part of the study draws parallels between the Russian and African approaches to the defense of sovereignty in the current world system and concludes that lessons of the previous attempt to consolidate the ‘Global South’ (1970s–1980s) should be taken into account.
The External Dimension of the Ubuntu Concept
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Shubin Vladimir
Published: January 2025

The article explores the concept of “Ubuntu.” This term is more familiar to the general public not as a philosophical concept but as the name of the open-source operating system developed by Mark Shuttleworth, a South African by origin. It was no accident that he used this term for his system, which was distributed free of charge, since in a number of South African languages, the word “ubuntu” means “humanness,” “humanity to others.”

It is noted that although the term “ubuntu” has been interpreted differently, these interpretations are similar between Archbishop Desmond Tutu and the first President of the democratic Republic of South Africa, Nelson Mandela. The term itself began to spread in the country after the elimination of the apartheid regime. This process was initially slow, but over time, the word “ubuntu” began to be used in the names of both official documents and political associations. For example, in the preamble of the White Paper on South Africa’s foreign policy, it was noted that “South Africa is a multifaceted, multicultural, and multiracial country that embraces the concept of Ubuntu as a way of defining who we are and how we relate to others.”

The so-called Ubuntu Liberation Movement, which promotes the philosophy of “contributionism,” and the Ubuntu political party, led by Mark Tellinger, have emerged in South Africa. Moreover, the term gradually spread beyond the borders of the country. And although the Ubuntu Party, which existed in South Africa in the 2010s, did not succeed in elections and ceased to exist, this term reappeared in the Netherlands in the name of a political party, which protests against racism and defends the rights of the black citizens of this country.
UN High-Level Pledging Events as a Tool to Mobilise Humanitarian Financing for African Countries
Authors: Shatalov Artemii
Published: January 2025

This article studies UN high-level pledging events as a tool for mobilising funds for humanitarian assistance. The author traces the evolving approaches of the UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) towards such conferences, including their thematic and financial part. It highlights the increasing convening of “state-specific” meetings, and while until 2022 the focus was on a limited number of protracted humanitarian crises (Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen), in 2023‒2024, it shifted towards regional crises in Africa. The article stresses that, unlike donor conferences with limited participation, UN high-level pledging events are organised in line with the Guiding Principles of Humanitarian Assistance enshrined in the fundamental UN General Assembly resolution 46/182 of 1991, including the key role of the affected state in organising and coordinating humanitarian aid for its own population as well as the principles of neutrality and impartiality. The study analyses the cases of UN donor meetings for Sudan and Ethiopia and demonstrates that, while the financial outcome of such conferences might be dubious, they can be quite effective in countering the donors’ politicising humanitarian assistance. Furthermore, they give the affected state a platform where it can provide the international community with its own data on the humanitarian situation in the country in order to prevent launching “humanitarian interventions” or some cross-border mechanisms, including those under UN Security Council resolutions. In this regard, the author concludes that multilateral humanitarian meetings are primarily an instrument of political interaction between a donor and a recipient of humanitarian aid.
Brazil’s Approach to UN Peace Operations and Peacebuilding in Africa in the 21st Century
Authors: Marcondes Danilo
Published: January 2025

Brazil occupies a unique position compared to other rising powers regarding the maintenance of peace and security on the African continent. Since the late 1990s, Brazil has not deployed any contingents to United Nations (UN) peace operations on the continent. Nevertheless, Brazil’s recurring presence as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and its contributions to UN debates on the development of the organization’s intervention capacity make it a relevant player in international peace and security. After an introduction on the broader aspects of Brazilian foreign policy, the article is structured in two sections, with a conclusion. The article was prepared using archival documents of the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as research by leading Brazilian experts on Brazilian peacekeeping in Africa. The first section focuses on Brazil’s responses to UN requests for contributions to peace operations on the African continent, including MINUSMA, UNOCI, UNAMID, MINURCAT, UNMISS, and MINUSCA cases. The second section covers Brazil’s contributions to peace operations and peacebuilding in Africa, focusing on the country’s contribution to security sector reform in Guinea-Bissau and its approach to training for participation in UN missions in Africa, including the deployment of a training team in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The author concludes by highlighting key Brazil’s engagement in UN peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts on the African continent.
The Algorithm of Chaos: WL and Random Dimensions
Authors: Shaikh Haque Mobassir Imtiyazul Haque
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the theoretical construct of "WL," a hypothetical world governed entirely by randomness, devoid of compliance with established laws. In WL, randomness is not entirely without structure, and its governing principles introduce profound implications for dimensions, time, life, and permanence. By examining the interplay of randomness and time, this work challenges traditional notions of reality, causality, and existence.
Physics and Mathematics Education Knowledge Map Bibliometric Analysis of the Scopus Database
Authors: Sutrisno Shidiq Agung
Published: January 2025

This research aims to identify the development mapping and research trends in the Islamic ecosystem within publications listed in the Scopus index. The approach used in this research is bibliometric analysis, which is employed to explore all publications indexed in the Scopus database related to "Physics AND Mathematics AND It" from 1930 to 2024. The analyzed data is processed using Excel and R/R-Studio software. To analyze keyword patterns and document citations simultaneously, this research utilizes the visual analysis tool VOSviewer. The research results indicate that there are 1485 relevant publications meeting the criteria and focus set by the researchers. The main findings of this research are that there is an annual growth rate of 19.72%, and the peak of publications on "Physics AND Mathematics AND It" occurred in 2023. CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) is identified as the primary contributor with 40 affiliated documents. Researchers named Alam, M.N., and Sokolowski, A have the highest productivity in the topic of "Physics AND Mathematics AND It". However, it is important to note that this bibliometric analysis is based solely on Scopus data, while other national and international data sources are not included in the analysis. Therefore, this research provides a comprehensive overview of the literature accessible to researchers interested in the field of "Physics AND Mathematics AND It" and also offers suggestions for future research directions.
Microgreens: A Superfood Packed with Nutrients and Easy to Grow at Home
Authors: Sivakumar Deepika , Dinesh G K
Published: January 2025

Nutrients and minerals play a significant role in our daily lives. Rapid urbanization and growing health concerns have created a vast global demand for functional, healthy, sustainable, and nutritious food. Microgreens have emerged as a game-changing superfood to solve the above purposes. They are more densely packed with nutrients and minerals than mature greens and vegetables. Even just taking them in small quantities can add an excellent nutritional profile to your food.
Teacher Perspectives on the Signs and Helpful Strategies for Anxiety in Autistic Students
Authors: Adams Dawn , Simpson Kate
Published: January 2025

Background: It is well recognised that anxiety is elevated in autistic students, but there is limited research focussed on the school setting. The available research has tended to report mean scores on questionnaires, rather than describing how anxiety presents in the school setting. Methods: Teachers of 140 autistic students (aged 6–14) were invited to complete open and closed questions about signs of anxiety in an autistic student. Teachers were also asked to describe strategies that prevent or reduce the anxiety. Data were analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods (content analysis).Results: Teachers reported that 55.4% of students were anxious in the classroom and 35.7% in the playground/in free time. Avoiding or delaying tasks, and increased movement and activity, were the most common indicators of anxiety in the classroom. Withdrawal, hiding, and running away were the most frequent indicators of anxiety in the playground. The most frequently reported strategy for reducing anxiety was enabling access to a safe, calm place.Discussion: This study adds to the small but growing literature base reporting on the presentation of anxiety in autistic children in the school setting. The results highlight the importance of considering behavioural, cognitive, and/or emotional indicators of anxiety in autistic students and how these may differ across students. They also highlight the importance of considering anxiety as an underlying factor in behaviours in and outside of the classroom.
Nazi Crime Memorial Sites and Far-Right Voting
Authors: Lüssenheide Fredric
Published: January 2025

How does remembering past atrocities affect far-right voting? Societies often commemorate past atrocities by honoring the victims or celebrating those they deem heroes. I argue that remembering past violence reduces far-right voting through two distinct mechanisms: admiration of heroes serves as a call to action, aligning values against far-right ideologies, while commemoration of victims fosters empathy and a moral obligation to reject xenophobic and far-right parties. Both mechanisms contribute to the reduction of far-right voting. To test this argument, I examine Germany, using data on Nazi crime memorial sites and far-right voting from 1990 to 2021. Leveraging staggered difference in differences designs, I find that Nazi crime memorial sites reduce far right voting by 0.55 to 0.89 percentage points. Contrary to my expectations, the hero-centered perspective shows no significant effect on far-right voting, suggesting a potential free-riding problem. Instead, the reduction is primarily driven by the moral obligation evoked through a victim-centered perspective.
Implementation of Baklas Operation from the Lens of Elementary Teachers in Marawi City: Basis for a Policy Brief
Authors: Abdulmanan Haniah M. , Pumbayabaya Jamaelah D. , Pacasirang Alia I. , Guro Norhanifah D. , Baraiman Amnah M.
Published: January 2025

Baklas operation is a DepEd order that mandates that walls shall remain bare and devoid of posters, decorations, or other posted materials. This study investigates the perceptions of elementary teachers in Marawi City regarding the Department of Education (DepEd) Order No. 21, s. 2023, commonly referred to as the Baklas Operation, which mandates the removal of classroom decoration. Utilizing a quantitative research design, the study involved 100 elementary teachers from various schools near MSU-Main Campus, Marawi City. Data were collected during the academic year 2024-2025 and through a self-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and weighted mean. The findings revealed that teachers are generally aware of the Baklas Operation and express positive and negative perceptions about its impact on the teaching and learning process. While some teachers acknowledge potential benefits in minimizing distractions, others highlight challenges in the implementation of Baklas Operation, such as reduced student engagement and motivation to participate in the class discussion, difficulty in executing the lessons, and difficulty in the discussion because of limited materials in the classroom’s walls. The study concludes with recommendations for educators and policymakers to consider the enhancement of the Baklas Operation, which should focus on the intermediate level, and the primary level should have posted materials because they are visual learners, but it should be limited to educational devices only, for student learning outcomes, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to classroom design that fosters an effective learning atmosphere.
Gaze Based Detection of Grasp Intentions with Generated Data
Authors: Müller Zarib
Published: January 2025

Eye movements are intricately connected to physical actions, making them a valuable tool for inferring a person’s intended movements. This connection becomes particularly crucial for individuals with severe movement impairments or paralysis, as eye movements often serve as their primary means of communication and interaction with their surroundings. Despite this potential, eye-tracking technology has seen limited use in intention recognition applications. This study aims to develop a method for recognizing grasping intentions based on gaze fixation, allowing individuals with hand mobility challenges to express their desired actions by simply focusing on the object they wish to interact with. To achieve this, we conduct experiments to explore the relationship between gaze fixations and various tasks. From these observations, we derive features and perform statistical analyses.
Precision Agriculture: Transforming Farming for Sustainability and Efficiency
Authors: Mohanraj Rithiga , Dinesh G K
Published: January 2025

With the world's population increasing alarmingly, it is estimated that it will reach 9 billion by 2050 (Walker, 2016). This puts enormous pressure on improving agricultural production to feed the surging population from available cultivable lands. Despite low productivity, other hurdles include the unavailability of sufficient cultivable area, fragmentation of land holdings, biotic losses, insufficient availability of natural resources, poor mechanization, and inadequate input use efficiency. Hence, boosting agricultural production using conventional methods is unrealistic and urging the need for an even better version of agriculture – "precision agriculture".
Investigating Bodily Sensations as Predictors for Future Personal Events
Authors: Klimenko Valeri
Published: January 2025

This study explores the existence of precognitive abilities through the analysis of specific bodily sensations (SBS), which can be viewed as a new dimension within the spectrum of precognitive phenomena. Unlike traditional precognitive approaches, such as intuition or dreams, SBS provide a measurable and objective basis for predicting personal events (PE).Using two statistical tests – the binomial test and Cohen’s h – a significant deviation of the success rate from random probability was demonstrated, substantiating the predictive capacity of SBS. Qualitative analyses provided additional insights, including the categorization of SBS into three emotional dimensions, their independence from physical distance, and their potential to predict dangerous events up to 72 hours in advance.The findings suggest that SBS could serve as a robust foundation for the development of precognitive early warning systems. However, they also raise critical questions regarding the ethical, societal, and psychological implications of such applications. Furthermore, these results expand the understanding of precognitive mechanisms, which should be further investigated in future studies with larger sample sizes.
Research Considerations for Fostering and Evaluating Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Initiatives in Organizations
Authors: Lewis Neil Anthony , Le Forestier Joel Michel
Published: January 2025

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) have each become major topics of discussion in contemporary life. This chapter will focus on how an organization or other interested party could find out whether DEI initiatives are actually effective for improving diversity, equity and inclusion. Specifically, in this chapter, we will begin by exploring the distinction between mechanisms for explaining versus changing diversity, equity, and inclusion. Then, we will lay out the key phases of using that mechanistic knowledge to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion, including diagnosing the problem, developing prospective intervention strategies, testing the intervention, and implementing the intervention. Last, we will conclude by considering the methods available to researchers for evaluating the effects of interventions.
Party or Policy? The Role of Policy Partisanship in Voter Decision-Making
Authors: Lachance Sarah , Treger Clareta , Bergeron Thomas , galipeau thomas , Goel Natasha , Islam Mujahedul , Lee-Whiting Blake , Magistro Beatrice , Loewen Peter John
Published: January 2025

Which matters more for voters, the political party or the policy positions of electoral candidates? We contribute to this long standing debate by analyzing the relative importance of policy content and party cues in the multi-party Canadian context. Using the Canadian case allows us to disentangle the effects of policy and party on voter decision-making, which are closely intertwined in the more polarized and extensively studied U.S. case. First, we employ a conjoint survey experiment to test whether the effect of an electoral candidate’s policy position on their evaluation by voters depends on the implicit party cues that are embedded in the policy. We find that while Canadians often associate policies with specific parties, they do not seem to use these implicit party cues in their evaluation of the candidates, focusing on policy congruence instead. Second, we test whether explicit party cues reduce the weight of policy information in candidate evaluations and find that they do not. Overall, our findings suggest that party cues are not as useful for voters in multi-party systems with low polarization, and that voters rely on policy information to make decisions in these contexts.
Exploration of sustainable aviation technologies and alternative fuels for future inter-continental passenger aircraft
Authors: Jagtap Swapnil S.
Published: January 2025

Global aviation demand and its environmental impact are projected to grow significantly in the next two decades. The primary objective of this thesis is to assess aircraft technology and low-carbon energy combinations, considering lifecycle effects, to enable climate-neutral subsonic long-range flight (14,000 km) for a large aircraft (~300 passengers) – a complex area to decarbonize. First, using Breguet’s range equation, it is found that liquid hydrogen (LH2) and 100% synthetic paraffin kerosene (SPK) are the only alternative fuels suitable for this sector. With current technology, the specific energy consumption (SEC in MJ/tonne-km) of LH2 and 100% SPK aircraft are 11% higher and 0.2% lower compared to Jet-A, respectively. Second, a global sensitivity analysis is performed using the range equation to investigate the effects of four technologies – aerodynamics, lighter structures, cryo-tank weight, and overall efficiency (𝜂o) – on the design performance of an LH2 tube-wing aircraft. Compared to current technology, it is found that for an LH2 aircraft: (i) enhancing 𝜂o and aerodynamics significantly reduces its SEC; and (ii) with the most optimistic technology projections, its SEC improves by 33%, requiring a 22% longer fuselage. Third, by applying weight-sizing methods and GasTurb simulations, it is observed that the SEC of a futuristic BWB aircraft powered by Jet-A, 100% SPK, and LH2 decreases by 47.9%, 48%, and 53.5%, respectively, compared to a present-day Jet-A aircraft. Lastly, a comparative lifecycle analysis is conducted for these three BWB aircraft, quantifying both CO2 and non-CO2 impacts. After evaluating over 100 manufacturing pathways/feedstocks for 100% SPK and LH2, it is found that only LH2 could achieve climate-neutral long-range flight when produced from biomass-based sources with carbon sequestration. The findings of this thesis could help guide future aviation technology development and policy decisions.
Super-Recognizers, or Su-Perceivers? Insights from Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation (FPVS) EEG
Authors: Nador Jeffrey D. , Uittenhove Kim , Gordillo Dario , Ramon Meike
Published: January 2025

The term Super-Recognizer (SR), which describes individuals with supposedly superior facial recognition abilities, may be something of a misnomer. In the same way that blind individuals would not be considered prosopagnosic, SR diagnoses should emphasise at least face identity processing (FIP) specificity, if not recognition in particular. However, SRs tend to be diagnosed with face-specific behavioral tasks, probing either perception and/or recognition, and leaving the neural basis and mechanisms underlying their abilities largely unexplored. The present study therefore sought to determine whether any common FIP subprocesses, among a sample of stringently and comparably diagnosed SRs, would distinguish them from neurotypical controls. To this end, we conducted three Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation (FPVS) EEG experiments in a group of Berlin Police officers identified as SRs using the only existing formal diagnostic framework for lab-based SR identification (Ramon, 2021) that aligns with the seminal study of SRs (Russell et al., 2009). These experiments aimed to isolate FIP from behavioral and general perceptual factors in terms of both the consistency and speed of face identity discrimination and categorization. Broadly, the results of all three experiments provided two key findings. First, whichever factors distinguish SRs from controls, they are not face-specific. Second, SRs are not all cut from the same cloth. Rather, the factors distinguishing SRs from controls seem to be individual-specific, warranting more nuanced and bespoke testing criteria for their deployment in practical applications.
DAMPAK INOVASI PRODUK KAIN TENUN IKAT TANIMBAR TERHADAP PENDAPATAN EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA DI KECAMATAN TANIMBAR SELATAN
Authors: Balthasar
Published: January 2025

Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk menguji seberapa besar dampak inovasi produk kain tenun ikat tanimbar yang di produksikan oleh ibu rumah tangga dalam hal ini pengrajin kain tenun, terhadap pendapatan ekonomi rumah tangga di kecamatan Tanimbar Selatan. Dengan data awal berasal dari Disperindag KKT kecamatan Tanimbar Selatan tahun 2020 melalui metode area sampling. Dari total Kuisioner yang di sebarkan sebanyak 36 kuisioner semuanya terisi dan di kembalikan. Dan sampel yang di ambil adalah pengrajin kain tenun ikat di kecamatan Tanimbar Selatan. Metode yang di gunakan adalah Uji Validitas dan Uji Reliabilitas, serta pengujin Hipotesis yang di lakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa varabel inovasi produk berpengaruh positif terhadap pendapatan eknomi rumah tangga di Kecamatan Tanimbar selatan.
Community Health Workers in Nepal: A Systematic Review of Their Role in Health System Strengthening
Authors: Ghimire Shubhechchha , Bhatt Prakash Raj
Published: January 2025

Community Health Workers are vital in strengthening Nepal's healthcare system, particularly in underserved rural and remote regions, significantly reducing mortality rates and achieving national health goals. The paper aims to systematically evaluate the literature on CHWs' role in health system strengthening in Nepal, examining their characteristics, impact, motivations, and challenges. A mixed-method systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Research4life, and Google Scholar databases. Eight studies (5 qualitative, 1 quantitative, and 2 mixed methods) were analyzed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool 2018 and thematic analysis. Five major themes emerged: (1) Socio-demographic characteristics - CHWs are predominantly female volunteers with varying educational backgrounds; (2) Evolving roles - expanding beyond traditional maternal and child health to include non-communicable diseases; (3) Motivation factors - driven by community service and professional development opportunities; (4) System integration - serving as crucial intermediaries between communities and healthcare facilities; and (5) Implementation challenges - including limited resources, insufficient training, and inadequate incentives. While CHWs are essential to Nepal's healthcare system, particularly in delivering culturally competent primary health services, there is a critical need for sustainable support mechanisms. Enhanced capacity-building initiatives, improved supervision systems, and appropriate incentives are necessary to retain experienced CHWs and maximize their impact. Investment in CHW programmes is crucial for strengthening Nepal's health system and achieving better community health outcomes, especially in rural areas.
Inclusion of Indigenous People in Technical and Vocational Training
Authors: Ghising Dipak
Published: January 2025

Indigenous people have poor socio-economic conditions and are excluded from the development mainstreaming, which has hindered equal participation. Therefore, the study analyses the participation of diverse caste ethnic groups in Technical Education and Vocational Training (TEVT), which is essential in improving the socio-economic condition and justice-based development of all people. For this purpose, a quantitative research design and secondary data were adopted using SPSS to examine the inclusion of Indigenous people in TEVT. The study population is training participants who completed a three-month level-one training certified by the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT). This study included 570 participants, including gender, age, education, income, and caste ethnicity. As a descriptive result, 66 percent of Indigenous and 58 percent of female trainees participated in the TEVT program. Similarly, multinomial logistic regression analysis shows an association between indigenous people and TEVT, which is statistically significant (p<.0001); the Chi-Square value is 324.736; the model explains approximately 43.3 percent by Cox and Snell, 49 percent by Nagelkerke and 26.1 percent McFadden R-square. Caste ethnicity and TEVT have a positive relationship, which can contribute to improving socio-economic conditions. Therefore, policymakers, planners, and program designers can jointly use findings to effectively address the issues regarding the inclusion perspective in the TEVT program, which applies to justice-based development and ensures that no one is left behind.
Impact of Meteorological Parameters on Global Solar Radiation (GSR) at Nepalgunj Airport, Nepal
Authors: Gautam Dilip , Neupane Bijay Raj , Khadka Narendra , Koirala Maha Prasad , Baniya Smriti , Baniya Hom Bahadur
Published: January 2025

Global solar radiation (GSR), is the main source of heat that powers the energy between the geosphere and the atmosphere, is the total of the direct and diffused shortwave solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface. The target of the present report is to analyze the GSR from the data of Nepalgunj airport, Nepal in 2020. In addition, to analyze the effect of rainfall, relative humidity, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature to the GSR. The data on a horizontal surface for Nepalgunj airport, Nepal in 2020 were collected from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal. The Angstrom-Prescott, Tiwari, and Sangeeta models were used to calculate the GSR theoretically on a horizontal surface with the help of the estimated sunshine hour. The yearly average value of GSR for the year 2020 was 18.73 MJ/m2/day. The measured GSR on a horizontal surface was found maximum in April which was 27.64 MJ/m2/day and minimum in August which was 6.38 MJ/m2/day The minimum amount of GSR found in August may be due to the high amount of rainfall of 10.51 mm in August. Talking about the seasonal variation, the Spring season receives the maximum amount of GSR i.e. 24.75 MJ/m2/day and the minimum amount is in winter i.e. 9.13 MJ/m2/day. Here, the summer season belongs to June, July, and August, and the minimum amount of solar radiation was found in August. During that month a high amount of rainfall was observed, and minimum amount of average temperature was observed. On studying the graph of variation of GSR with various meteorological parameters well-accepted relations were found. A direct relation is found between GSR and average maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity.
Physicochemical Analysis of Some Soft Drinks Available in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Sadiksha , Niraula Muna , Tandukar Pooja , Thapa Prakash , Pathak Ishwor
Published: January 2025

This work aimed to check the physicochemical parameters of some soft drinks available in Nepal. Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Fanta, Sprite, Rio juice, and Red Bull were taken from the nearby stores for the experiments. The determination of ascorbic acid, phosphoric acid, acid value, corrosiveness, amount of caffeine, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand was carried out by using several materials and chemical reagents as per the established protocols. All the samples were taken from their bottle or can exactly at the time of experiments. The obtained results from this work were compared to the standard values and the possible health effects of overconsumption were discussed. From the calculation, Coca-Cola was found to be highly acidic (pH 2.3), Pepsi was found to contain the highest amount of ascorbic acid (0.126 g) and dissolved oxygen (22.4 g/L), and Red Bull was found to contain the highest amount of caffeine (2.6345 g/L). Red Bull was found to have the highest percentage of weight loss on mild steel (1.12 %).
‘अभाव’ कविताको संरचनात्मक विश्लेषण
Authors: गर्तौला Gartaula सोमप्रसाद Som Prashad
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा कविताको संरचनात्मक विश्लेषणको अवधारणालाई आधार बनाई अरुणा वैद्यको प्रगीतात्मक कविता ‘अभाव’ को विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । कविताको संरचनाले कविताको रूप पक्षको बढी अध्ययन गर्दछ । पाश्चात्य तथा नेपाली समालोचना क्षेत्रका विभिन्न संरचनावादीहरूको मान्यतालाई आधार मानी कविताको बाहिरी बनोट र बुनोटको अध्ययनबाट कविताको आन्तरिक सबलताको पक्षको खोज यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा गरिएको छ । यसका लागि विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको उपयोग भएको छ । संरचना शब्दले विभिन्न वस्तु वा अवयवको सार्थक मिलनद्वारा निर्मित कृतिको सिङ्गो स्वनिष्ठ आकृति वा रूपलाई जनाउँछ । साहित्यको संरचनात्मक विश्लेषण गर्न यसको सैद्धान्तिक क्षेत्रमा प्रयोग हुने यसै तथ्यलाई समेत आधार मानिएको छ । ‘अभाव’ कविताको संरचना केकसरी भएको छ र त्यस्तो संरचनाले मूल कथ्य वा भावलाई कसरी व्यक्त गरेको छ भन्ने उद्देश्य राखी यस लेखमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा ‘अभाव’ कविताको बाह्य र आन्तरिक संरचनाको चिरफार गरी मानव जीवन अभावग्रस्त रहेको र यसले सिङ्गो मानव सभ्यतालाई नै चुनौती दिइरहेकोप्रति कविताले व्यङ्ग्य गरेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
निद्रा आएन कथामा मनोविश्लेषण
Authors: साउँद Saud फणेन्द्रबहादुर Fanendra Bahadur
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धनात्मक लेख गोविन्दबहादुर मल्ल ‘गोठाले’को कथा सङ्ग्रह (२००४) भित्र सङ्गृहीत ‘निद्रा आएन’ कथाका पात्रहरूको मनोविश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । कथाकार गोविन्दबहादुर मल्ल ‘गोठाले’ मनोवैज्ञानिक कथाकारका रूपमा सुपरिचित नाम हो । यस लेखमा ‘निद्रा आएन’ कथालाई विश्लेषण सामग्री रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरी कथामा पाइने मनोविज्ञानलाई प्रमुख समस्याका रूपमा लिइएको छ । अध्ययनको प्रमुख समस्यामा केन्द्रित रही कथाको मनोवैज्ञानिक तवरले विश्लेषण गर्नु लेखको मुख्य उद्देश्य रहेको छ । यस लेखमा फायड मनोविश्लेषणसँग सम्बन्धित विभिन्न विद्वानका मान्यतालाई आत्मासात गरिएको छ । यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा मनोविज्ञानसँग सम्बन्धित सैद्धान्तिक आधार निर्माण गरी पाठकपरक विश्लेषण विधिलाई जोड दिएर लेखिएको छ । विषयवस्तुको परिचयसहित यस लेखमा कथाका पात्रको मनोविश्लेषणका लागि आख्यानको सन्दर्भसहित बाल रुचिका कुरा, कथामा रहेको लैङ्गिक असमानता, समाजको परम्पराग्रस्त मानसिकता, कथामा भएको आन्तरिक र बाह्य द्वन्द्व, अभिभावकका वचनले बाल मस्तिष्कमा पारेको प्रभाव र पात्रको कल्पनाशीलतालाई आधार बनाइएको छ । गोबिन्दबहादुर मल्ल गोठालेद्वारा लिखित ‘निद्रा आएन’ कथाको मनोवैज्ञानिक तवरले सूक्ष्म विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्षका रुपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यो लेख गुणात्मक पद्धतिमा आधारित रहेको छ ।
‘देवघाट’ कवितामा भौतिकजगत् र परमात्मासम्बन्धी दृष्टिकोण
Authors: रजौरे Rajaure पूर्णिमा Purnima
Published: January 2025

‘प्रस्तुत लेखमा सिद्धिचरण श्रेष्ठको ‘देवघाट’ कवितालाई एक पाठात्मक विमर्शका रूपमा लिई पौरस्त्य आस्तिक दर्शनहरूको सैद्धान्तिक धरातलमा रहेर उक्त पाठको विश्लेषण र मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । ‘देवघाट’ कवितामा भौतिकजगत् र परमात्माका सम्बन्धमा प्रकट गरिएको ज्ञानको उद्घाटन गरी कवितामा अभिव्यक्त यी दुई दृष्टिकोणसम्बन्धी दार्शनिक पक्षको खोजी गर्नु यस लेखको उद्देश्य रहेको छ । साङ्ख्य, योग, न्याय, वैशेषिक र मीमांसा पाँचवटा द्वैतवादी दर्शन र अद्वैत वेदान्त गरी जम्मा ६ वटा पौरस्त्य आस्तिक दर्शनहरू रहेका छन् । यसरी पौरस्त्य षठ्दर्शनहरू द्वैत र अद्वैत गरी दुईवटा स्वरूपमा रहेका पाइन्छन् । यी सबै दर्शनले मोक्षप्राप्तिको मार्गलाई मूल मर्म बनाएका छन् । षठ्दर्शनमा जीवन र जगत्सम्बन्धी विविध गहन एवम् ज्ञानबद्र्घक वैचारिक मान्यताहरूको समष्टि रहेको पाइन्छ । यहाँ भने पौरस्त्य षठ्दर्शन अन्तर्गतका भौतिकजगत् र परमात्मासम्बन्धी दुईवटा दृष्टिकोणलाई मात्र यस लेखको उद्देश्यप्राप्तिका लागि विश्लेषणीय सैद्धान्तिक आधार बनाइएको छ । यसर्थ पौरस्त्य षठ्दर्शनलाई सैद्धान्तिक आधार बनाएर यहाँ कवितात्मकपाठमा अभिव्यञ्जित भौतिकजगत् र परमात्मासम्बन्धी चिन्तनको दार्शनिक दृष्टिकोणले विश्लेषण तथा मूल्याङ्कन गरिएको छ । यहाँ निर्दिष्ट पाठविश्लेषणका लागि पुस्तकालयीय कार्यद्वारा सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी व्याख्यात्मक एवम् विश्लेषणात्मक विधिको उपयोग गरिएको छ । पौरस्त्य षठ्दर्शनले मोक्षप्राप्तिलाई अर्थात् परमात्मामिलनको स्थितिलाई नै सच्चिदानन्दको अवस्था मान्ने भएको हुनाले षठ्दर्शनको मूल आशय भौतिकजगत्को निस्सारता र आत्मतत्त्वको शाश्वत् पक्षलाई परिपुष्टता गर्नु रहेको छ । अतः पौरस्त्य षठ्दर्शनको दार्शनिक मान्यतामा रहेर गरिएको अध्ययनबाट यहाँ निर्धारित कवितात्मक पाठमा भौतिकजगत् अनित्य छ र आत्मतत्त्व नित्य छ एवम् मोक्षप्राप्तिको सही मार्ग नै परमात्माचिन्तन गर्नु हो भन्ने मूल कथ्य अन्तर्वस्तुका रूपमा रहेको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
नेपाली भाषामा भाषिक आगमन
Authors: भट्टराई Bhattarai रवीन्द्र Rabindra
Published: January 2025

नेपाल बहुभाषिक मुलुक हो र नेपाली भाषा नेपालको मातृभाषा, सम्पर्क भाषा र सरकारी कामकाजको मूलअभिलेखी भाषा हो । नेपाली मौलिक भाषा हुनाले यो उत्पादनशील र परिवर्तशील छ । मौलिक भाषामा अरूभाषाबाट हुने भाषिक तत्त्वहरूको विप्रेषणलाई आगमन भनिन्छ । आगमनमा विभाषाका शब्द मात्र स्वभाषामा छिर्ने होइनन् व्याकरणिक नियम नै पनि छिर्छन् । नेपाली भाषाको कथ्य र लेख्य दुवै रूपमा भाषिक आगमनवर्ण, शब्द र व्याकरणिक नियमका तहमा भइआएको छ । नेपाली शब्दभण्डारमा सजातीय, विजातीय, स्वदेशीर विदेशी शब्दहरूको अपरिवर्तित र परिवर्तित आगन्तुक शब्द प्रशस्तै भित्रेका छन् । आगमनको शब्दका तहको प्रभाव नेपालीमा अनुकूल र प्रतिकूल दुवै किसिमको छ भने पदावली, वाक्यांश वा वाक्य तहको प्रभाव प्रतिकूलछ । अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको दुष्प्रभावले नेपाली ठिमाहाकरणको सिकार छ । त्यसबाट नेपालीका पदपदावली मात्र होइन काल, पक्ष र भावजस्ता व्याकरण सम्बन्धी नियम नै दुष्प्रभावित हुन पुगेका छन् । यस्त हिन्दी भाषाको आगमन दुष्प्रभाव शब्द तथा वाक्यीय घटकहरूमा बढ्दै गएको छ ।
समकालीन नेपाली कवितामा किराती सौन्दर्य चिन्तन
Authors: राई Rai यसोदा Yasoda
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख सौन्दर्यचिन्तनको सैद्धान्तिक मान्यतामा आधारित रही समकालीन नेपाली कवितामा किराती सौन्दर्यचिन्तनको विमर्शमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । समकालीन नेपाली कवितामा किराती सौन्दर्यशास्त्रको स्थापना, जातीय पहिचानको आवाज, शासकीय उत्पीडनको विरोध र संस्कृतिको पुनः निर्माणमा जोड जस्ता अभिव्यक्ति भएको पाइन्छ र यस लेखले समकालीन नेपाली कवितामा किराती सौन्दर्यचिन्तनलाई के–कसरी अभिव्यक्त गरिएको छ भन्ने समाधानको खोजी गर्नु प्रमुख उद्देश्य राखेको छ । यसका लागि सौन्दर्यचिन्तन सम्बन्धी सैद्धान्तिक मान्यतालाई पाठविश्लेषणको मुख्य विधिको रूपमा अँगालिएको छ । यस लेखमा आधारभूत र द्वितीयक स्रोतबाट सामग्री लिई निर्धारित सिद्धान्तका आधारमा अध्ययन र विश्लेषण गर्दा समकालीन नेपाली कविताले किराती सौन्दर्यचिन्तनलाई विभिन्न माध्यमबाट सघन रूपमा उठाएका छन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
मुलुकबाहिर उपन्यासमा पात्रविधान
Authors: जोशी Joshi खगेन्द्र Khagendra
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनपत्रमा उपन्यासकार लैनसिंह बाङ्देलको 'मुलुकबाहिर' उपन्यासको पात्रविधानको अध्ययन गरिएको छ । देशभित्र गाँस र कपासको समस्याले गर्दा दुई/चार पैसा कमाउने आश बोकेर मुग्लान पस्ने नेपालीहरूले मुग्लानमा सामना गर्नुपर्ने समस्यालाई विषयवस्तु बनाएर रचिएको यस उपन्यासमा प्रयुक्त पात्रहरूको शैलीवैज्ञानिक दृष्टिले अध्ययन गर्ने र प्रमुख पात्रका चारित्रिक विशेषताहरू केलाउने काममा नै अध्ययनलाई केन्द्रित गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको भएको हुनाले अध्ययनका लागि आवश्यक पर्ने सम्पूर्ण सामग्री पुस्तकालय कार्यबाट नै सङ्कलन गरिएको छ र शोध्य प्रश्नको समाधानार्थ साहित्यका विधागत तत्त्वसँग सम्बद्ध पात्रविधानको सैद्धान्तिक पक्षलाई विश्लेषणको आधार बनाई सङ्कलित सामग्री विश्लेषणका लागि व्यख्यात्मक तथा पाठविश्लेषण विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । उपन्यासको विषयवस्तु देश छोडेर बिदेसिएका श्रमजीवीहरूको व्यथामा केन्द्रित रहेकको हुनाले पात्रहरू पनि बढीजसो श्रम गर्नसक्ने युवाहरू नै रहेका छन् । खालिङ बुढा, सेर्बा बुढा, दलेकी आमा आदि केही वृद्ध पात्रको प्रयोग गरिएको भए पनि तिनीहरू पनि श्रमजीवी नै भएर आएका छन् । सबै पात्रको जीवन निर्वाहको मुख्य आधार शारीरिक श्रम नै रहेको छ । एकातिर देशको अवस्थाका कारण र अर्कातिर आफूमा रहेका चरित्र दोषका कारण समस्याको भूमरीमा पिल्सिएका पात्रका माध्यमबाट नेपाली समाजको यतार्थ चित्र प्रस्तुत गर्नु उपन्यासको उद्देश्य रहेको र उपन्यासमा त्यसैअनुरूपको पात्रविधान रहेको अध्ययनबाट देखिन्छ ।
ठूलोदुम्मामा ढुकुरसिंह पूजाको प्रचलन तथा प्रभाव
Authors: भट्टराई Bhattarai नीलमणि Nil Mani
Published: January 2025

नेपाली समाज बिविधतामा एकता भएको समाज हो । यहाँ विभिन्न भाषा, धर्म, संस्कार र संस्कृतिहरू रहेका छन् । नेपाल बहुजातीय देश भएकोले यहाँका प्रत्येक जाति र सम्प्रदायका आ–आफ्नै रीतिरिवाज र संस्कृतिहरू प्रचलित छन् । नेपालको पूर्वीक्षेत्रमा प्रचलित एउटा संस्कृति ढुकुरसिंह पूजा हो, जसलाई राजगैयाको नामले पनि चिनिन्छ । यो पूजा भोजपुर जिल्ला पौवादुङमा वार्ड नं. ६ मा बसोबास गर्ने राई जातिमा प्रचलित छ तर यो राई जातिका सबै पाछाहरूमा भने छैन । राई जाति यहाँको पुरानो जाति हो । यस्तै क्रममा यस अध्ययन क्षेत्रमा प्रचलनमा रहेको ढुकुरसिंह पूजाको अध्ययन गर्ने क्रममा प्राप्त लिखित स्रोत तथा अध्ययन क्षेत्रका बूढापाका, बुद्धिजिबी लगायतका व्यक्तिहरूसँगको छलफल तथा स्थलगत अवलोकनसमेत गरी उपलब्ध स्रोतलाई व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरी निष्कर्षको खोजी गर्दा यो पूजाको प्रचलन आधुनिक कालबाट मात्र सुरु भए तापनि एकिन मितिको भने अझै खोजी गर्नु पर्ने आवश्यकता रहेको छ । नेपाल एकीकरणको समयमा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले माझकिरात क्षेत्र विजय गरेपछि शासन केन्द्रीकृत भयो । न्यायप्रणाली पनि केन्द्रीकृत हुँदा यस अध्ययन क्षेत्रका छिवात्पाङ पाछाका मस्तसिंह राई मुद्दाको सिलसिलामा काठमाडौं पुगे । त्यहाँ उनीसँगै गएका उनका भाइ हराएपछि भाइको खोजी गर्दै जाँदा उनी एउटा मन्दिरमा राँगोको बलि दिएर पूजा गरेको देखे र उनले मेरो भाइ भेटियो र मैले मुद्दा जिते भने यहाँ तिमीलाई दुई सिंङ्गेले पूजा गर्ने गरेको रहेछ, मेरो गाउँमा लगेर नौ सिंङ्गेले पूजा गर्ने छु, भनी भाकल गर्‍यो । उसको भाइ पनि भेट्टियो भने मुद्दा पनि जित्यो । त्यसपछि गाउँमा आएर उसैले ढुकुरसिंह नाम राखी कुखुराले बलि दिएर पूजा गर्ने प्रचलन चलाएको विश्वास रहेको छ । यस पुजामा प्रसादको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको बाबरको विशेष महत्त्व रहेको छ । जुन प्रसादस्वरूप बाबर खाएमा त्यसलाई पछ्याउने र उसले पनि ढुकुरसिंह पूजा गर्नु पर्ने विश्वास रहेको छ । बैसाख पूर्णिमा र मङ्सीर पूर्णिमामा गरी बर्षमा दुईपटक सम्पन्न गरिन्छ । छिवात्पाङ पाछाका चेली विवाह गरेमा उसलाई पनि पछ्याउने र पूजा गर्नु पर्ने विश्वास रहेको छ । जसको कारण हाल आएर यहाँका धेरैजसो राईहरूले यो पूजा गर्ने गरेका छन् । हाल यसको प्रचलन यहाँ मात्र सीमित छैन । विवाह र बसाइसराईको कारण यसको प्रभाव क्षेत्र बढिरहेको विषयमा विमर्श गरिएको छ ।