bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of Teaching Future Teachers of Humanities the Basics of Fuzzy Logic and Ways to Overcome Them
Authors: Bakhov Ivan , Rudenko Yuliya , Dudnik Andriy , Dehtiarova Nelia , Petrenko Sergii
Published: December 2021

The rapid development of computer technology has led to the use of fuzzy set theory in the medical, financial, economic, commercial and other fields as one of the basic components of artificial intelligence. This is due to its universal mechanism designed to analyze research in the field of humanities research. The mathematical apparatus of fuzzy set theory allows them to be performed with unformalized data, and the development and improvement of information and communication technologies make it possible to automate this process. Unformalized, abstract, "blurred" statistics, which are difficult to analyze, are also common in pedagogy. But in pedagogical practice, fuzzy logic has not been widely used. The article proves the importance and expediency of teaching students, future teachers of computer science, skills in the application of fuzzy set theory. The ability to use the mechanisms of fuzzy logic in applied programs will allow future teachers in their further pedagogical activities to conduct multi-criteria analysis of various characteristics of their students, analysis of pedagogical methods, comprehensive assessment of competencies and more. The article presents the experience of teaching fuzzy set theory, the logic of teaching and its sequence, as well as the results of such training at a pedagogical university. The necessity of the step-by-step study of fuzzy set theory is proved - from acquaintance with its basic concepts, giving examples of its application in expert systems, neural networks and artificial intelligence systems to independent construction of fuzzy knowledge representation model, development of linguistic variables and use of spreadsheet or specialized programs. The results of the experimental introduction of the topic "Fuzzy model of knowledge representation" in a training course of computer disciplines are shown. Examination of learning outcomes reveals a positive attitude of the students toward mastering the skills of using fuzzy set theory and willingness to apply it in their further pedagogical activities.
Difficulties Faced by Special Education Teachers during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Raghul Dr.E. , Aravind B.R. , Rajesh K.
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out what difficulties special education instructors’ face when it comes to educating children with special needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in this research were 30 special education instructors who were chosen through a purposive sampling procedure to serve as respondents. In order to identify the difficulties and challenges faced by special education instructors, both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used. In an attempt to comprehend the data, a descriptive analysis was performed. During the COVID-19 pandemic, special education instructors who worked with students who had learning impairments did not get any technology assistance in order to educate the students. According to the findings of the research, the instructional method for special learners has a suboptimal learning environment as a result of the absence of web-based instructional teaching. The survey's major findings identified 15 difficulties, with the most significant of these being 'insufficient e-learning resources', 'lack of training for online teaching', 'giving feedback to students', and 'making the students to attend online classes', as per survey respondents. According to the results, practitioners and curriculum designers may use the information to build and improve the special education system, teaching techniques, and technologically imbibed instructional learning among special education instructors.
Moodle in English Language Teaching and Learning in Jordan: Instructors and Students’ Perspective
Authors: Awabdeh Abdel Hameed Al
Published: December 2021

To support the significance of instructor readiness for the adoption of E-learning, it is necessary to examine the factors affecting instructors’ integration of Moodle into their English classrooms, as well as the students' perceptions of those who are learning English by using Moodle. This study had chosen to implement both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis. The study's subjects comprised 25 lecturers and 150 students. The findings revealed that the lecturers from the University of Amman's School of English used Moodle as part of the English language teaching method. The majority of them used the option of document uploading and sharing function to give assignments to students and encouraged them to access and download the course materials outside of learning sessions to better enhance their competencies in English learning skills. Additionally, it was later discovered that the positive impacts of adopting Moodle during English lessons are as follows: Moodle promotes student-centered learning engagement, anytime-anywhere learning, simplifies course management, and mitigates the expense and time constraint of delivering lessons. The drawbacks of using Moodle in English classes are linked to technological problems, mainly regarding access to the Internet, inadequate professional development given to instructors, and Moodle's efficacy. Students exhibited favorable views regarding English learning by using Moodle as a platform. This is shown through their great computer self-efficacy, system engagement, and user satisfaction.
Transcriptomic Profiles in Nasal Epithelium and Asthma Endotypes in Youth
Authors: Yue Molin , Gaietto Kristina , Han Yueh Ying , Rosser Franziska J. , Xu Zhongli , Qoyawayma Christopher , Acosta-Perez Edna , Canino Glorisa , Forno Erick , Chen Wei , Celedón Juan C.
Published: January 2025

Importance

T helper 2 (T2) cells and T helper 17 (T17) cells are CD4+ T cell subtypes involved in asthma. Characterizing asthma endotypes based on these cell types in diverse groups is important for developing effective therapies for youths with asthma.

Objective

To identify asthma endotypes in school-aged youths aged 6 to 20 years by examining the distribution and characteristics of transcriptomic profiles in nasal epithelium.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Cross-sectional analysis of nasal epithelial samples from 3 studies of youths with asthma aged 6 to 20 years: Stress and Treatment Response in Puerto Rican and African American Children with Asthma (STAR; N = 156), Epigenetic Variation and Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans (EVA-PR; N = 237), and Vitamin D Kids Asthma (VDKA; N = 66).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was nasal epithelial transcription profiles of 3 T2 and 5 T17 pathway genes. Clinical characteristics, total and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), blood eosinophils, and lung function were compared across profiles in all studies.

Results

Mean ages for STAR, EVA-PR, and VDKA participants were 14.2, 15.4, and 10.3 years, respectively. The percentage of female participants ranged from 41% to 53.2% across studies. The predominant race or ethnicity was Puerto Rican in EVA-PR (100%) and Black or African American in STAR (71.8%) and VDKA (57.6%). Three transcriptomic profiles were identified: high T2 expression (T2HIGH), high T17 expression (T17HIGH), and low expression of both pathways (T2LOW/T17LOW). Across studies, T2HIGH was present in 23% to 29% of participants, T17HIGH in 35% to 47%, and T2LOW/T17LOW in 30% to 38%. In each study, median total IgE and blood eosinophils for the T2HIGH profile was higher than for the T2LOW profiles (IgE, 584-869 vs 105-382 IU/mL; eosinophils, 343-560 vs 164-413 cells/mL). Of the participants in all profiles, at least 50% had 1 or more positive allergen-specific IgEs. A differential expression meta-analysis identified 3516 and 2494 differentially expressed genes for the T2HIGH and T17HIGH profiles, respectively. The T17HIGH profile was associated with interleukin 17 and neutrophil signaling pathways and the T2HIGH profile was associated with interleukin 13 signaling pathways.

Conclusions and Relevance

Nasal transcriptomic profiles consistent with T2-high, T17-high, and T2-low/T17-low endotypes occurred in similar proportions across 3 studies of predominantly racially and ethnically minoritized youths with asthma. Most participants had T2-low asthma endotypes and sensitization to 1 or more allergens was common among these endotypes.
Glutamatergic Medications for Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Authors: Coelho David R. A. , Yang Chen , Suriaga Armiel , Manasa Justen , Bain Paul A. , Vieira Willians Fernando , Papatheodorou Stefania , Salvi Joshua D.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) encompass various neuropsychiatric conditions that cause significant distress and impair daily functioning. Although standard treatments are often effective, approximately 60% of patients may not respond adequately, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Objective

To evaluate improvement in OCRD symptoms associated with glutamatergic medications as monotherapy or as augmentation to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, with a focus on double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs).

Data Sources

Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on October 16, 2024, without date limits.

Study Selection

Two investigators independently screened records to identify double-blind RCTs comparing glutamatergic medications with placebo for patients with OCRDs regardless of age, sex, gender, or refractoriness. Abstracts, study protocols, non-English studies, and trials involving augmentation to psychotherapy were excluded.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data were extracted and synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on type of OCRD, population, refractoriness of OCRD, augmentation strategy, risk of bias, and type of glutamatergic medication. Sensitivity analysis was performed using a leave-one-out approach.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Improvement in OCRD symptoms was measured by standardized mean difference (Cohen d). Improvement in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms was measured by mean difference (reduction in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS] scores).

Results

A total of 27 RCTs (1369 participants; mean [SD] age, 31.5 [7.8] years; 65.6% female) were included. Glutamatergic medications showed a large effect size in improving OCRD symptoms (Cohen d = −0.80 [95% CI, −1.13 to −0.47]; low certainty of evidence). In the 23 OCD-specific RCTs, glutamatergic medications demonstrated a significant mean reduction in Y-BOCS scores (mean difference, −4.17 [95% CI, −5.82 to −2.52]; moderate certainty of evidence).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings indicate that glutamatergic medications may be effective in treating OCRDs, particularly OCD. However, high heterogeneity and potential publication bias necessitate cautious interpretation. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to explore dose-dependent effects, additional OCRD subtypes, and other promising glutamatergic medications.
Lipoprotein a Testing Patterns in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Chen Tania , Furst Adam , Din Natasha , Gomez Sofia , Maron David J. , Heidenreich Paul , Nallamshetty Shriram , Kalwani Neil , Xu Shiqin , Ward Jonathan H. , Lozama Anthony , Sandhu Alexander , Rodriguez Fatima
Published: January 2025

This cross-sectional study evaluates contemporary patterns of lipoprotein a testing among US veterans receiving care through the Veterans Health Administration.
Requests for Medical Assistance in Dying by Young Dutch People With Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Schweren Lizanne J.S. , Rasing Sanne P.A. , Kammeraat Monique , Middelkoop Leah A. , Werner Ruthie , Mérelle Saskia Y.M. , Garcia Julian M. , Creemers Daan H.M. , van Veen Sisco M.P.
Published: January 2025

Importance

In the Netherlands, a growing group of young people request medical assistance in dying based on psychiatric suffering (MAID-PS). Little is known about this group, their characteristics, and outcomes.

Objective

To assess the proportion of requests for and deaths by MAID-PS among young patients, outcomes of their application and assessment procedures, and characteristics of those patients who died by either MAID or suicide.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study included Dutch individuals younger than 24 years requesting MAID-PS between January 1, 2012, and June 30, 2021, whose patient file had been closed by December 1, 2022, at the Expertisecentrum Euthanasie, a specialized health care facility providing MAID consultation and care.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes of the MAID-PS assessment procedure (discontinued, rejected, or MAID-PS) and clinical characteristics of patients who died by MAID or suicide.

Results

The study included 397 processed applications submitted by 353 individuals (73.4% female; mean [SD] age, 20.84 [1.90] years). Between 2012 and the first half of 2021, the number of MAID-PS applications by young patients increased from 10 to 39. The most likely outcome was application retracted by the patient (188 [47.3%]) followed by application rejected (178 [44.8%]). For 12 applications (3.0%), patients died by MAID. Seventeen applications (4.3%) were stopped because the patient died by suicide during the application process and 2 (0.5%) because the patient died after they voluntarily stopped eating and drinking. All patients who died by suicide or MAID (n = 29) had multiple psychiatric diagnoses (most frequently major depression, autism spectrum disorder, personality disorders, eating disorder, and/or trauma-related disorder) and extensive treatment histories. Twenty-eight of these patients (96.5%) had a history of suicidality that included multiple suicide attempts prior to the MAID application. Among 17 patients who died by suicide, 13 of 14 (92.9%) had a history of crisis-related hospital admission, and 9 of 12 patients who died by MAID (75.0%) had a history of self-harm.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that the number of young psychiatric patients in the Netherlands who requested MAID-PS increased between 2012 and 2021 and that applications were retracted or rejected for most. Those who died by MAID or suicide were mostly female and had long treatment histories and prominent suicidality. These findings suggest that there is an urgent need for more knowledge about persistent death wishes and effective suicide prevention strategies for this high-risk group.
Increasing Enrollment of Women in Surgical Clinical Trials
Authors: Lin Judith C. , Harris Linda M. , Kibbe Melina R.
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint addresses the many barriers to the enrollment of women in surgical clinical trials and provides recommendations for promoting increased recruitment of women as study participants and principal investigators.
Psoriasis and dementia: A population‐based matched cohort study of adults in England
Authors: Matthewman Julian , Mansfield Kathryn E. , Cadogan Sharon L. , Abuabara Katrina , Smith Catherine , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Langan Sinéad M. , Warren‐Gash Charlotte
Published: January 2025

Objective

Evidence for an association between psoriasis and dementia is limited and conflicting. We aimed to investigate the association using large and representative population‐based data and describe risk by dementia subtype and over time.

Methods

We compared dementia risk between people with and without psoriasis using an age‐, sex‐ and primary care practice‐matched cohort of adults aged ≥40 years from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum in England (1997–2021) linked to hospital admissions data, analysed with stratified Cox regression.

Results

Among 360,014 individuals with psoriasis and 1,799,617 without, psoriasis was associated with a small increased risk of all‐cause dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.06, 95% CI 1.04–1.08; absolute rate difference 24 per 100,000 person‐years). Strength of association increased with time since psoriasis diagnosis (e.g. aHR 0.99, 0.96–1.03 within 0 to 5 years; 1.20, 1.05–1.37 within 20 to 25 years). The association was stronger for vascular dementia (aHR 1.10, 1.06–1.14) than Alzheimer's dementia (aHR 1.03, 1.00–1.06). Hazard ratios were larger for severe psoriasis (all‐cause aHR 1.32, 1.25–1.39; vascular aHR 1.58, 1.44–1.74; Alzheimer's aHR 1.11, 1.02–1.21).

Interpretation

Long‐term risk of all‐cause dementia and vascular dementia, but not Alzheimer's dementia, was slightly higher in people with psoriasis, but absolute risk differences were small. Risks were more substantially raised with time since psoriasis diagnosis and in severe psoriasis compared to mild to moderate psoriasis, suggesting a potential dose–response relationship.
Unlocking Zero Liquid Discharge: A Parallel Water Supply Strategy to Realize Selective Salt Crystallization for Long‐Term Interfacial Solar Evaporation
Authors: Xiong Qianqian , Wang Deyu , Shao Bo , Yu Huimin , Wu Xuan , Lu Yi , Yang Xiaofei , Xu Haolan
Published: January 2025

Interfacial solar evaporation offers a green and sustainable solution to solve clean water shortages via solar‐driven desalination. However, salt crystallization and accumulation on solar evaporators have become the primary hindrances to the long‐term practical application of interfacial solar evaporation technology. To tackle this challenge, a photothermal evaporator with a novel parallel two‐water paths strategy is developed in this study. Unlike the conventional one‐way water path, which generally leads to salt accumulation at the water supply end on the evaporation surfaces, thereby limiting the lifespan of the evaporator and compromising solar evaporation performance, here, with the second parallel water supply path, the ion diffusion and distribution within the solar evaporator is reconfigured and optimized. No salt accumulation occurs on either the evaporation surfaces or the water paths, eliminating the impact of salt crystallization on evaporation performance and enabling convenient salt collection. A high and stable evaporation rate of 3.09–3.26 kg m−2 h−1 is recorded over 84 h continuous evaporation of NaCl solution (3.5 wt.%) without salt accumulation on the evaporator, making it an ideal strategy for zero liquid discharge solar evaporation.
One‐Step, Mask‐Free, Rapid Laser Writing Fabrication of Electroluminescent Perovskite@Oxide Pixels for Ultra‐High PPI, Efficient Micro‐QLEDs
Authors: Ma Teng , Wang Yifei , Chen Jun , Wang Run , Lv Rongqiu , Chen Ziyi , Guo Weishu , Guo Tingting , Ji Yucong , Song Xiufeng , Fan Zhiyong , Xiang Hengyang , Li Zhenhua , Zeng Haibo
Published: January 2025

Wide color gamut and high resolution are becoming key features of the new generation of displays, and hence quantum dots pixels with high luminescence purity have been placed great expectations. However, how to facilely and rapidly fabricate electroluminescent pixels with both high pixels per inch (PPI) and high quantum efficiency has been a great challenge. Here, a one‐step, mask‐free, rapid laser writing strategy to fabricate ultra‐high resolution perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) pixels is presented. It is found that the laser‐induced reaction can convert PQDs into oxide, forming perovskite@oxide pixel arrays, replacing the complex etching and deposition processes previously used. Benefiting from the formation of the oxide layer, electrons transport can be effectively blocked in the non‐emitting region, thus reducing the charge leakage in micro quantum dots light emitting diodes (Micro‐QLED) arrays. Finally, red, green, blue Micro‐QLEDs are achieved with PPIs ranging from 2000 to 5000 and the highest external quantum efficiency of 17.24%, 21%, and 6.6% respectively. These results are record‐breaking in perovskite Micro‐QLEDs, providing the strategy for active‐matrix electroluminescent high‐resolution pixel arrays for next‐generation monochromatic displays.
Antagonistic Two‐Color Control of Polymer Network Formation
Authors: Marco Arnau , Villabona Marc , Eren Tugce Nur , Feist Florian , Guirado Gonzalo , Sebastián Rosa M. , Hernando Jordi , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: January 2025

Offering high spatiotemporal resolution, dual wavelength‐controlled soft matter network formation paves the way to advanced printing techniques with optimized performance. One of the most promising approaches is the antagonistic control of covalent bond‐forming reactions with two colors of light, where photoexcitation with one wavelength induces a photochemical reaction, while irradiation with the other ceases it in the presence of the first color. Herein, we combine a photoactivatable diene precursor and a photoswitchable dienophile, establishing a dual‐wavelength‐gated cycloaddition reaction capable of controlling polymer crosslinking. Upon incorporation of the diene precursor into a methacrylate copolymer and the synthesis of a difunctional dienophile cross‐linker, selective polymer network formation is promoted under sole UV illumination, while it can be efficiently suppressed with simultaneous redlight irradiation. Critically, the methodology is used for the preparation of solid polymer materials with antagonistic two‐color control of their cross‐linking status, ultimately allowing the fabrication of spatially patterned polymer films.
Microenvironment‐Regulated Dual‐Layer Microneedle Patch for Promoting Periodontal Soft and Hard Tissue Regeneration in Diabetic Periodontitis
Authors: Qu Yaning , Zeng Huajing , Wang Lei , Ge Zhenlin , Liu Bin , Fan Zengjie
Published: January 2025

Chronic periodontitis in individuals with diabetes can exacerbate the destruction of local periodontal soft tissues and accelerate the resorption of hard tissue. Currently, effective strategies to simultaneously restore both soft and hard periodontal tissues remain insufficient. To address this challenge, a multifunctional dual‐layer microneedles (d‐MNs) design is proposed to regenerate both periodontal soft and hard tissues in diabetic patients. The d‐MNs substrate is composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) infused with nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHA), which facilitates the differentiation of osteogenic cells into osteoblasts, thereby promoting alveolar bone regeneration. The tips of the d‐MNs, on the other hand, are primarily made of hyaluronic acid (HA) combined with a magnesium‐based metal‐organic framework (Mg‐MOF) loaded with glucose oxidase (GOX). This composition creates a hypoglycemic, angiogenic, and anti‐inflammatory microenvironment, which supports soft tissue repair. When implanted at the site of periodontitis, the synergistic interaction between the d‐MNs substrate and tips effectively promotes the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues, as demonstrated in diabetic rat models of periodontitis. These innovative d‐MNs have the potential to revolutionize traditional approaches to treating diabetic periodontitis and can see broad application in dental clinics.
Halogenated Ethylamine Hydrochloride Modulation Facilitating a VOC of 1.19 V in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Ying , Wu Jihuai , Deng Chunyan , Liu Fengli , Guo Mengyao , Xu Jingwei , Gao Lin , Huang Miaoliang , Lan Zhang , Gao Peng
Published: January 2025

Interface engineering has emerged as an effective strategy for optimizing the charge carrier dynamics in perovskite solar cells, and the design of modulators plays a crucial role in improving interface effects. Here, halogenated ethylamine hydrochloride (XEA), such as 2‐fluoroethylamine hydrochloride (FEA), 2‐chloroethylamine hydrochloride (CEA), or ethylamine hydrochloride (EA), is incorporated into the buried interface between perovskite layer (PVK) and SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) to assist crystal growth, tune the energy level and passivate defects. Pre‐embedded XEA interacts with PbI2 to form a 2D mesophase. The mesophase assists the growth dynamics and orientation of the epitaxial perovskite, resulting in uniform perovskite films with larger grains and higher densification, effectively reducing the defects caused by excess PbI2 at the buried interface. NH3+ cation and X− anion ions on XEA fill and coordinate the vacancies, passivating the defects in SnO2 and perovskite. Meanwhile, the introduction of XEA adjusts the energy match between PVK/ETL, compensating the energy loss at the buried interface. Consequently, the FEA‐modified devices exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 24.7%, featuring an exceptionally high open‐circuit voltage of 1.19 V and remarkable stability.
A Flexible Impact Sensor of Interpenetrating‐Phase Composite Architecture with High Mechanical Stability and Energy‐Absorbing Capability
Authors: Guo Shu , Qi Jiawei , Wang Yixiao , Liu Zhanli , Li Jing
Published: January 2025

Flexible electromechanical sensors frequently suffer from unexpected impact loadings caused by slipping, collisions and falling objects, to name a few. Without sufficient protection, these undesired impacts would lead to critical mechanical instability even damage to flexible sensors, resulting in restricted measurement range and imprecise sensing. Thus, it is of significance, but still is a fresh challenge to enhance the mechanical stability and energy‐absorption capacity of flexible sensors under impacts. Here, a multi‐design strategy is proposed to construct an interpenetrating‐phase cellulose‐acetate composite (IPC2) architecture for flexible sensors in impact‐intensive sensing applications. The external structure mimics bellows‐morphology of beverage‐straws that deform in programmed loading direction to enhance the mechanical stability, while the internal conductive core has a co‐continuous interpenetrating‐phase architecture that can efficiently absorb impact energy. Systematic numerical analysis and experimental tests demonstrate that IPC2 architecture presents excellent structural stability, cyclic performance and a unique combination of exceptional specific energy absorption (SEA = 2.66±1.2 kJ kg−1), low density (ρ = 720±10 kg m−3), electromechanical properties (GF≈39.6). Remarkably, the recovery behaviors in terms of shape and electrical signals show good repeatability and reliability. This study offers a new composite framework to exploit the potentialities of flexible sensors with protective functions and commercial values.
An Urchin‐Inspired Broadband and Ultralight Microwave Absorber
Authors: Zhang You , Gong Xiaofeng , Zeng Yanan , Dong Xingjun , Guo Hui , Jiang Zhenhua , Hu Tianjiao , Wang Jing , Zou Yanhong , Chu Zengyong
Published: January 2025

The incompatibility between low and high frequencies, and the constraints of thickness and absorption bandwidth, are great challenges for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers. The combination of microscopic wrinkled morphology and macroscopic stacking structure offers the possibility of constructing lightweight and broadband EMW‐absorbing materials. Herein an artificial periodic unit is demonstrated, wCNT@PS/R, which consists of the urchin‐inspired wrinkled‐carbon nanotube (CNT)‐coated polystyrene (PS) spheres and the organosilicon rubber matrix. The unit thickness and the unit geometry are studied and optimized. Due to the good impedance matching, excellent macrostructural reflections, and strong dielectric loss, the pentagon unit achieves a promising effect absorption band (EAB) of 12.61 GHz, covering both the low‐frequency (S‐ and C‐band) and the high‐frequency (X‐ and Ku‐band) bands. The thickness is 4.0 mm and the total density is as low as 0.194 g cm−3, which provides a new idea for the cost‐effective preparation of thin, ultralight, and broadband EMW absorbers.
Type‐Transformational BioHJzyme Enabled by Composition Modulation‐Mediated Energy Band Engineering for Diabetic Infectious Wound Healing
Authors: He Miaomiao , Wang Zuyao , Sun Dan , Deng Yi , Yang Weizhong , Yin Guangfu
Published: January 2025

The dilemma of diabetic infectious wound healing lies in inhibiting the pathogenic colonization and regulating the hyperglycemia. The pivotal anti‐pathogenic efficiency is focused on the confined and gradually weaken reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield in the peculiar micromilieu owing to the materials transformation/dissolution. There, the type‐transformational bio‐heterojunction enzyme (BioHJzyme) with operando composition‐modulation is proposed, which is consisted by glucose oxidase (GOx) decorated type‐I FeSe2/Cu2O heterojunction. It exhibits robust catalytic efficiency to produce ROS. Followed, the type‐I heterojunction can be transformed into dual Z‐scheme heterojunction with a composition of FeSe2/CuSe/Cu2O primed by the infectious acid micromilieu with a meliorative energy band. It is conducive to the NIR‐induced capabilities to improve ROS yield. The GOx can consume glucose to produce H2O2 as an amplifier. The combined catalytic efficiency of type‐I heterojunction and the followed enhanced NIR‐induced capabilities of dual Z‐scheme heterojunction can powerfully remove the pathogenic colonization. On top of that, the sample can downgrade the Forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway to regulate cell cycle, facilitate cell proliferation, and further promote wound repairment. This work provides an effective and feasible antibacterial strategy and way of thinking for the diabetic infectious wound healing.
Prognosis of Cardiovascular Conditions Noninvasively Using Printable Elastomeric Electronic Skin
Authors: Selvan T Muthamil , Mondal Titash
Published: January 2025

Lack of timely prognosis of cardiovascular condition (CVC) is resulting in increased mortality across the globe. Currently, available techniques are confined to medical facilities and need the intervention of specialists. Frequently, this impedes timely treatment, driven by socioeconomic factors. Consequently, the disease transcends toward incurable complications. In such a scenario, point‐of‐care diagnostic tools can help with prognosis at an early stage. Albeit there are such tools available, it is imperative to develop affordably in uncomplicated manufacturing techniques and should have simple readout and analysis modules for monitoring CVC. Accordingly, the solvent‐free manufacturing of stencil printable liquid elastomer‐carbon nanotube electronic skin‐based strain sensor, capable of accurately detecting pulse (at different positions) and other parameters like augmentation index and stiffness index of artery related to the CVC, is reported. The Poincare plot, derived from the recorded data, measures heart rate variability, a key indicator linked to mortality. Thanks to the staggering linearity, gauge factor of 234.26, fast response time of 85 ms (measured from pulse data), and cyclic stability (over 500 cycles), assist in the ease of detection of vital parameters. Furthermore, the sensor patch demonstrates its capability to acquire pulse waves under different real‐time artery conditions using cuff‐based pressure applications.
Permanent Electride Magnets Induced by Quasi‐Atomic Non‐Nucleus‐Bound Electrons
Authors: Hwang Jeong Yun , Lee Seung Yong , Lee Kimoon , Regmi Binod , Lee Nahyun , Lim Dong Cheol , Koo Heejeong , Lee Wooyoung , Kim Seong‐Gon , Kim Sung Wng , Lee Kyu Hyoung
Published: January 2025

Interstitial quasi‐atomic electrons (IQEs) in the quantized energy levels of positively charged cavities possess a substantial own magnetic moment and control the magnetism of crystalline electrides depending on the interaction with surrounding cations. However, weak spin‐orbit coupling and gentle exchange interaction restricted by the IQEs preclude a large magnetic anisotropic, remaining a challenge for a hard magnetism. It is reported that 2D [Re2C]2+·2e− electrides (Re = Er, Ho, Dy, and Tb) show the permanent magnetism in a ferrimagnetic ground state, mimicking the ferrites composed of magnetic sublattices with different spin polarizations. Magnetic interaction between Re‐spin lattice and IQE‐spin lattice in the [Re2C]2+·2e− electrides results in a large magnetocrystalline anisotropy and high coercivity, giving a maximum energy product of 15 MGOe. It is demonstrated that the spontaneous breaking of magnetic IQE‐sublattice through substitution with paramagnetic elements produces a crossover into an antiferromagnetic spin ordering of Re‐sublattice, implying that the magnetic sublattice of IQEs drives the permanent magnetism.
Soft, Modular Power for Composing Robots with Embodied Energy
Authors: Kim Chong‐Chan , Ramaswami Anunth Rao , Shepherd Robert F.
Published: January 2025

The adaptable, modular structure of muscles, combined with their confluent energy storage allows for numerous architectures found in nature: trunks, tongues, and tentacles to name some more complex ones. To provide an artificial analog to this biological soft muscle, a self‐powered, soft hydrostat actuator is presented. As an example of how to use these modules, a worm robot is assembled where the near totality of the body stores electrochemical potential. The robot exhibits an extremely high system energy density (51.3 J g−1), using a redox flow battery motif, with a long theoretical operational range of more than 100 m on a single charge. The innovation lies in the battery pouch, fabricated with a dry‐adhesion method, automatically bonding Nafion separators to a silicone‐urethane copolymer body. These pouches contain anolyte within a hydrostat pod filled with catholyte, increasing current density per pod. Each pod has a motor and tendon actuator for radial compression and expansion. By linking these self‐contained pods in series, the robot worm is created that automatically navigates an enclosed, curved path. This high‐capacity soft worm also climbs up and down a vertical pipe, using a two‐anchor crawling gait, with an extra payload equivalent to 1.5 times its body weight.
Engineering CAR‐T Therapeutics for Enhanced Solid Tumor Targeting
Authors: Zhu Danqing , Kim Won Joon , Lee Hyunjin , Bao Xiaoping , Kim Pilnam
Published: January 2025

Cancer immunotherapy, specifically Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy, represents a significant breakthrough in treating cancers. Despite its success in hematological cancers, CAR‐T exhibits limited efficacy in solid tumors, which account for more than 90% of all cancers. Solid tumors commonly present unique challenges, including antigen heterogeneity and complex tumor microenvironment (TME). To address these, efforts are being made through improvements in CAR design and the development of advanced validation platforms. While efficacy is limited, some solid tumor types, such as neuroblastoma and gastrointestinal cancers, have shown responsiveness to CAR‐T therapy in recent clinical trials. In this review, it is first examined both experimental and computational strategies, such as protein engineering coupled with machine learning, developed to enhance T cell specificity. The challenges and methods associated with T cell delivery and in vivo reprogramming in solid tumors is discussed. It is also explored the advancements in engineered organoid systems, which are emerging as high‐fidelity in vitro models that closely mimic the complex human TME and serve as a validation platform for CAR discovery. Collectively, these innovative engineering strategies offer the potential to revolutionize the next generation of CAR‐T therapy, ultimately paving the way for more effective treatments in solid tumors.
Experimental and Theoretical Force Constants as Meaningful Indicator for Interatomic Bonding Characteristics and the Specific Case of Elemental Antimony
Authors: Zahn Franziska , Hempelmann Jan , Benndorf Christopher , Falk Hans H. , Ritter Konrad , Levcenko Sergiu , Welter Edmund , Oeckler Oliver , Dronskowski Richard , Schnohr Claudia S.
Published: January 2025

Stable Sb exhibits a rhombohedral structure, often referred to as distorted primitive cubic, with each Sb atom having three short and three longer first neighbor bonds. However, this crystal structure can also be interpreted as being layered, putting emphasis on only three short first neighbor bonds. Therefore, temperature‐dependent extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy is carried out at the Sb K‐edge in order to obtain more detailed information on local structural and vibrational properties. Evaluation of the temperature‐dependent bond lengths provides the temperature‐dependent Peierls distortion while the temperature dependence of the variance of the interatomic distance distribution yields the EXAFS force constants. Ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used for determining projected force constants. Both EXAFS and DFT force constants are compared to those of other materials with different bonding characteristics, including two‐center covalently bonded semiconductors, multicenter bonded IV–VI and V2VI3 compounds, and metallic Cu. Clearly, Sb exhibits characteristics of both localized covalent bonding and delocalized multicenter bonding. This suggests a continuous transition between these two bonding scenarios and adds to the understanding of bonding in elemental Sb in particular and in IV–VI and V2VI3 materials in general.
Elektrosynthese Muschel‐inspirierter Klebstoffpolymere als Neue Klasse Transienter Enzymstabilisatoren
Authors: Neubert Tilmann J. , Hielscher Maximilian M. , Walter Keven , Schröter Carolin M. , Stage Marion , Rosencrantz Ruben R. , Panis Felix , Rompel Annette , Balasubramanian Kannan , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Börner Hans G.
Published: January 2025

Multifunktionelle ortho‐Chinone werden für die Bildung von Thiol‐Catechol‐Verknüpfungen (engl. thiol‐catechol‐connectivity, TCC) benötigt, sind jedoch empfindlich in der Handhabung. Die elektrochemische Oxidation des Dipeptids DiDOPA vom Catechol zum ortho‐Chinon wird hier mit einer optimierten Umwandlungseffizienz von bis zu 92 % vorgestellt. Die Elektrosynthese erfolgte an kostengünstigen Graphit‐ und Edelstahlelektroden. Durch die elektrochemische Aktivierung werden Chinon‐Lösungen erzeugt, die frei von unerwünschten reaktiven Verbindungen sind, wodurch die anspruchsvolle Isolierung instabiler Chinone entfällt. Die DiDOPA‐Chinone wurden in Polyadditionsreaktionen mit Multithiolen eingesetzt und bildeten Oligomere, die als transiente Enzymstabilisatoren (TES) fungieren. Bei Verwendung der TCC‐TES‐Oligomere als Additive in Hitzebelastungstests wurde ein Stabilisierungseffekt für Tyrosinase beobachtet. Die Anwesenheit der TCC‐TES schützte das Enzym bei thermischem Stress vor Denaturierung und Aktivitätsverlusten.
Synthesis of P‐Doped g‐C3N4/Cu2O Nanocomposite and Investigation of Its Photocatalytic Characteristics in Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds to Corresponding Amines Under Visible Light
Authors: Sadat Maryam Aghah , Moghanlou Ali Oji , Rezvan Vahideh Hadigheh , Tarighi Nayer Mohammadian , Sohrabi‐Gilani Nastaran
Published: January 2025

In this research, as a new heterogenous nanocomposite, P‐doped g‐C3N4/Cu2O was successfully synthesized by simultaneous reduction of copper salts and the resultant precipitation. The phosphor was doped onto the graphitic carbon nitrite by the calcination method. The various spectroscopic and imaging methods (XPS, X‐ray diffraction [XRD], FTIR, Pl, BET, DRS, Map Scanning, EDS (EDAX), TEM, FESEM, and EIS) were devised to characterize the structural properties, morphology, and optical and photocatalytic activities of the synthesized nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was then used as photocatalysts in the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding amino aromatic species, with the results being highly promising. Indeed, the conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline was 100% accomplished within 30 min. In these reactions, hydrazine compounds were used as hydrogen suppliers. The proposed photocatalyst exhibits great recyclability and reusability so that no significant change in the catalytic activity of the nanocomposite and the resultant conversion efficiency was observed after six rounds of reuse.
Modulational Instability and Dynamical Growth Blockade in the Nonlinear Hatano–Nelson Model
Authors: Longhi Stefano
Published: January 2025

The Hatano–Nelson model is a cornerstone of non‐Hermitian physics, describing asymmetric hopping dynamics on a 1D lattice, which gives rise to fascinating phenomena such as directional transport, non‐Hermitian topology, and the non‐Hermitian skin effect. It has been widely studied in both classical and quantum systems, with applications in condensed matter physics, photonics, and cold atomic gases. Recently, nonlinear extensions of the Hatano–Nelson model have opened a new avenue for exploring the interplay between nonlinearity and non‐Hermitian effects. Particularly, in lattices with open boundary conditions, nonlinear skin modes and solitons, localized at the edge or within the bulk of the lattice, have been predicted. In this work, the nonlinear extension of the Hatano–Nelson model with periodic boundary conditions is examined and a novel dynamical phenomenon arising from the modulational instability of nonlinear plane waves: growth blockade is revealed. This phenomenon is characterized by the abrupt halt of norm growth, as observed in the linear Hatano–Nelson model, and can be interpreted as a stopping of convective motion arising from self‐induced disorder in the lattice.
On the Role of a Polymer Matrix in Enhancing Energy Transfer Efficiency Using Coumarin 6 and Rhodamine B as Donor and Acceptor Pairs
Authors: Bachmann Cristian , Danna Caroline S. , Bispo‐Jr Airton Germano , Sigoli Fernando Aparecido , Muñoz Marcelo A. , Ormazabal‐Toledo Rodrigo , Squeo Benedetta M. , Segura Camilo , Osorio‐Román Igor O.
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the critical role of polymer matrices in optimizing luminescence and energy transfer, utilizing the commercial dyes Coumarin 6 (C6) and Rhodamine B (RhB) as a donor‐acceptor pair. Solution‐phase experiments revealed a dependence of energy transfer efficiency on solvent dielectric constant. Furthermore, embedding the dyes within Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or Poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) matrices significantly enhance energy transfer due to increased molecular proximity. A modified approach for calculating the overlap integral J(λ) was employed to analyze energy transfer in the solid state, providing insights beyond traditional Förster‐type calculations. Photostability studies demonstrated superior performance of PVB films compared to PMMA films under exposure to monochromatic (405 nm, 515 nm) and white light irradiation. Finally, a proof‐of‐concept device was developed to harness this enhanced energy transfer for light‐to‐electricity conversion, achieving a maximum efficiency of 7.28 %.
Emergent Prefigurative Politics and Social Psychological Processes: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Clarke David , Drury John
Published: January 2025

Prefigurative politics—the enactment of desired future social relations in present social change practices—has become central in contemporary political organising. Protest movements like the Arab Spring and recent Latin American uprisings illustrate prefiguration emerging through struggle rather than from a pre‐existing political programme. Although psychological perspectives have been identified as promising avenues for exploring prefiguration, the topic has yet to attract widespread research attention within psychology. This paper proposes a research agenda centred on ‘emergent prefigurative politics’, grounded in a systematic review of the empirical psychological literature on prefigurative politics. Drawing from a thematic analysis of 20 studies, which offers insights about existing developments, theoretical and methodological challenges in studying prefiguration, and opportunities for further inquiry, we develop an agenda for future work. Our findings highlight the complexity of prefiguration as a socially embedded, dynamic, and agentic process where the grievances, psychological needs, and aspirations of individuals and groups within their social context shape the emergence, content, and outcomes of prefigurative politics. In developing our research agenda on emergent prefiguration, we argue that dynamic social identity models of collective action, alongside ethnographic, longitudinal, and case study methods, are promising tools to tackle the challenges of researching prefigurative phenomena.
Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Kidney: A Case Report
Authors: Khati Srijana , Magar Sagar Rana , Simkhada Ankita , Paudel Ramesh , Khanal Surendra , Panthi Bishal , Thakur Sadmarg , Paudel Sujan , Luitel Prajjwol
Published: January 2025

Primary renal leiomyosarcoma is a rare but highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Early detection and surgical excision provide the most effective initial treatment. However, vigilant postoperative surveillance is critical due to the elevated risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis, as seen in this case.
Ga2O3/Al2O3 Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation: Effect of H2 Treatment and Cofeeding
Authors: Gil Sebastian Amar , Especel Catherine , Passamonti Francisco J. , Montouillout Valérie , Benítez Viviana M. , Epron Florence
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane over uncalcined, calcined, or pre‐reduced gallium‐supported alumina catalysts. The effects induced by a reductive pretreatment and hydrogen cofeeding (5% and 50% in volume in the gas mixture) on the catalytic performance were evaluated. For comparison, a non‐supported γ‐Ga2O3 sample was prepared. The catalysts were characterized by different methods, including XRD, TEM, SEM, NMR, TPR, FTIR, pyridine‐FTIR, and the model reaction of 3,3‐dimethylbut‐1‐ene isomerization. It was found that reductive pretreatment improved the propylene production in gas phase but decreased the initial conversion compared to the calcined sample. Hydrogen cofeeding positively impacted the catalytic stability of reduced catalysts, leading to a higher conversion after 240 min and reducing the deactivation of the catalyst up to 70% as the amount of H2 increased in the stream. Moreover, improvement in the carbon balance and reduction of carbon deposited were observed at a high H2 cofeeding ratio. The formation of gallium hydride species during the reduction pretreatment under H2 flowing was clearly identified, but their contribution in the PDH reaction can be considered as negligible compared to the positive effect induced by the decrease in acidity due to the reducing pretreatment.
The Stability of Cathode Catalyst Layer With Platinum‐Based Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhou Ji , Wang Yao , Wei Zidong
Published: January 2025

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted significant interest as one of the most promising green energy technologies. However, the stability of platinum‐based catalyst layer at the cathode hinders the large‐scale application of the PEMFCs. This review systematically summarized the latest research progress on the stability of catalyst layer from the stability of nanoparticles, corrosion resistance of carbon support, chemical stability of ionomer and weakened toxic effect of ionomer on platinum particles. Strategies to enhance the stability of the catalyst layer were discussed as well, including increasing the dissolution potential of the nanoparticles, enhancing the metal–support interaction, modifying the structure and composition of the carbon support, and improving the distribution of the ionomer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the stability of cathode catalyst layer, serving as a reference for the design of catalyst layer with stability in the future.