bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Place of anti-histamine in therapy of itching skin of children
Authors: Masalskiy Sergey S. , Smolkin Yuri S.
Published: October 2021

Itching is a frequent condition at a doctor's appointment of any speciality. A quarter of patients complain of itching of various etiology. In real practice, H1-histamine receptor blockers are prescribed for itching in the first place. The article considers a complex of diseases accompanied by itching of the skin.
The itching is a reflex. The classification contains a lot of forms:local and systemic; prurigogenic, neuropathic and psychogenic. Itching has no stable pathogenesis and can be provoked by various conditions. The main types of sensory neurons are opiate and 5-HT-receptors. Urticaria and food allergy are associated with irritation of the skin receptors with histamine and other mast cell mediators. In these cases, antihistamines are the drug of choice regardless of the aetiology of urticaria.
In atopic dermatitis, the itching has a complex aetiology: transepidermal water loss, chronic inflammation of the skin with the participation of many cells, secondary hyperinervation of the skin with the formation of a pathological activity focus in the brain. This requires a comprehensive approach to therapy. Xerosisis overcome by the use of emollients and rational skincare. The presence of exacerbation makes it necessary to prescribe topical steroids or calcineurin inhibitors for an acute period s. In the case of the addition of psychogenic itching, antiserotonin 5-HT-blockers drugs, hydroxyzine can be considered. H1-receptor blockers do not affect the intensity of skin lesions in dermatitis, but some molecules can reduce the itching.
Quifenadine is the antihistamine dug of the second generation. It can be used in the treatment of allergic itching dermatoses. The rapid onset of action allows you to reach the maximum concentration in the tissues within 1 hour, activate monooxidase and neutralise histamine in the tissue. Quifenadine absence a sedative effect and no respiratory depression.Instructions for the use of the medicinal product can increase the dose by 1,5–2 times.It makes the drug useful for the treatment of manifestations of food allergies and urticaria. The dual antihistamine and antiserotonin action allow the successful use of quifenadine in the acute period of atopic dermatitis, especially provoked by contact with an allergen.
Clinical and anamnestic characteristics and results of allergological testing in children with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in case of allergy to house dust mites
Authors: Trusova Olga Valerevna , Kamaev Andrei Viacheslavovich , Liashenko Natalia Leonidovna , Makarova Irina Vadimovna
Published: October 2021

House dust mites (HDM) are a common cause of allergies, however, it is not always easy to suspect a mite allergy from a patient's history.
Objective: to determine clinical characteristics of patients, tactics for demonstrating the role of HDM sensitization in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) with domestic sensitization.
Materials and methods. The study included 420 patients, 256 boys, 164 girls, aged 5 to 17,9 years (mean 8,44 ± 3,06 years), with AR (100%) and AR in combination with BA (41,9%). The prick test on the forearm skin with water-soluble extracts was carried out and evaluated according to the standard method. The test was considered positive with a maximum wheal diameter of ≥3 mm 15 minutes after applying the prick.
Results. Among patients with HDM sensitization (n=268), sensitization to both mites was detected in 218 cases (81,3%), and in 139 cases (51,9%) polysensitization to HDM allergens, house dust and epidermal allergens (cat, dog) was found. Patients noted persistent symptoms of nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea; the provoking factor was not determined by history in 46% of cases. In 69,8% of cases (97 children), it was impossible to isolate the leading allergen according to the history, since patients had contact with cats, dogs, dust, and polysensitization according to the prick tests. Nasal provocation test (NPT) with HDM allergens was performed in 92 children. Positive NPT was obtained in 83 cases (90,2%), negative in 9 cases (9,8%).
Conclusions. With HDM sensitization, often (46%) the provoking factor is not determined by history. Monotonous symptoms are characteristic with the absence of obvious relationships with allergens, the location and activities of the child. In terms of frequency, the leading variant is sensitization to both mites D.pteronyssinus, D.farinae (81,3%), and polysensitization to HDM, house dust and cat and dog allergens (51,9%). NPT allows in 90% of cases to show the causal role of HDM allergens in polysensitized patients with insufficiently convincing anamnesis data.
Sistema de reconocimiento facial y de cubrebocas aplicando herramientas matemáticas para detectar el uso de mascarillas de bioseguridad como medida de prevención de COVID-19
Authors: Andrade Perez Ronald , Bravo Quezada Omar
Published: October 2021

El presente trabajo está inspirado en la necesidad de precautelar la propagación del coronavirus, o tambiéndenominado COVID-19. Se presenta una propuesta de un prototipo de reconocimiento de rostros con un detalleadicional, la de identificar a personas que no están utilizando cubrebocas, elemento de bioseguridad tannecesario para evitar la propagación de esta enfermedad, sistema que ha sido desarrollado bajo la plataformadel software matemático avanzado llamado Matlab. Esta iniciativa nace de la necesidad de realizar un proyectointegrador dentro de la rama de las matemáticas avanzadas en la que era necesario utilizar este software,aplicando una herramienta interna de la transformada de Fourier, aplicación que encaja como una ayudatecnológica importante dentro de un contexto de pandemia mundial. Se ha creído conveniente realizar estereconocimiento para detectar personas que no están utilizando la mascarilla de bioseguridad en cualquierespacio público, evitando de esta forma la posible propagación del coronavirus. Nuestra aplicación capturaimágenes, realiza transformaciones de Fourier, transformada Z entre otras, las cuales son modificas a unaescala de grises y ejecuta comparaciones con datos óseos y frecuencias previamente verificadas y estudiadas,para al final se comparan con una base de datos previamente obtenida, dando como resultado por un lado laidentificación de personas y, por otro lado, la verificación si una persona está o no utilizando una mascarilla debioseguridad, con márgenes de error muy bajos y que pueden ser comprobables. Los resultados de nuestrosexperimentos dan a conocer que esta propuesta puede ser factible de implementarla para un sinnúmero deproyectos en contextos de pandemia.
Técnicas de aprendizaje para niños en etapa preescolar con dislexia aplicando Inteligencia Artificial
Authors: Gómez John , Jadán Javier , Hurtado Galo
Published: October 2021

El presente estudio analiza las técnicas de aprendizaje que pueden mejorar la formación de niños en etapa preescolar, el previo análisis pretende encontrar modelos y patrones que buscan de forma precisa como dar una solución de forma eficiente ante los problemas, conjuntamente con tecnologías que se encuentran en tendencia y su desarrollo es constante, con un campo aplicativo extenso, tal es el caso de la inteligencia artificial. El uso de tecnologías agiles no solo facilita un óptimo desarrollo en cuanto a la obtención de un producto cuyo objetivo es acaparar las expectativas y al mismo tiempo que cumpla la rama de investigación y todos los parámetros establecidos, en cuanto a la dislexia es un problema que dificulta el aprendizaje y el desarrollo de las capacidades lectoras y lingüísticas en niños de preescolar (4 a 6 años), por lo tanto, la implementación de ciertas tecnologías debe de acoplarse a las necesidades presentes en el sujeto. La parte aplicativa consta de un sitio web que busca ser interactivo mediante la aplicación de una evaluación de las capacidades intelectuales que determina si el niño presenta o no un trastorno disléxico. Luego de la prueba de inicio el sitio tendrá varios módulos en las cuales se podrá fortalecer las distintas capacidades y habilidades del usuario. La I.A cumple un rol fundamental durante este proceso ya que en base al análisis de respuestas e interacciones permitirá una mayor interactividad de la web y las funciones establecidas.
Water Quality Assessment of Roof-collected Rainwater in Miri, Malaysia
Authors: Frichot Joel Joseph Hughes , Rubiyatno  , Talukdar Gaurav
Published: October 2021

Rainwater harvesting systems are becoming more acceptable as an alternative method to harvest water sources for both potable and non-potable uses. While the method has proven to be very simplistic and cost-effective, the collected rainwater source remains untreated and can pose serious health concerns if not used properly. This study focused on the physicochemical and heavy metal parameters of roof-collected rainwater in Miri, Sarawak. Individual sites were chosen throughout Miri, Sarawak for representative samples. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used for the analysis of heavy metal concentrations. Heavy metal analysis included manganese, zinc, iron, copper, and cadmium. pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate, and fluoride were among the physicochemical parameters examined. Seasonal comparison indicated the majority of the higher concentration levels occurred during the wet season. The overall mean concentration for the physicochemical parameters indicated CLASS I usage, with the exception of BOD5, which was CLASS III usage. The overall mean concentration for metals analyzed indicated a CLASS I usage threshold with the exception of copper, which had concentrations well above the 0.02mg/L threshold for all sites. Thus, copper was considered one of the major contaminants for this study. Moreover, the types of storage tanks also showcased key findings. Open top storage tanks are more vulnerable to contamination than closed storage tanks. Metal storage tanks offer higher rainwater temperatures in comparison to other types of storage tanks.
Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Technique Using Coconut Shell Activated Carbon
Authors: Ho Zhi Hoong , Adnan Liyana Amalina
Published: October 2021

Adsorption is one of the simplest techniques with low economic requirements. Coconut shell is an abundant agriculture waste which is inexpensive and easy to be obtained in Malaysia. This agriculture waste was transformed to activated carbon via 600°C of carbonization and zinc chloride activation. The ability of coconut shell-based activated carbon to remove phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions was evaluated. From the experiment, the equilibrium time for the adsorption of phenol onto coconut shell-based activated carbon is 120 minutes. The effect of the operating parameters, such as contact time, initial concentration, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, and pH of the phenolic solution were studied. Adsorption kinetics models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich equation) and isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich) were used to fit the experimental data.Pseudo-second-order was found to be the best fitted kinetics model to describe the adsorption of phenol on coconut shell-based activated carbon. While the equilibrium experiment data was well expressed by the Temkin isotherm model, The maximum adsorption capacity is determined as 19.02 mg/g, which is comparatively lower than the previous research. Meanwhile, 92% of removal efficiency was achieved by a dosage of 10g/L. Meanwhile, the adsorption of phenol by activated carbon was more favorable under acidic conditions. The favourable isotherm behavior was indicated by the dimensionless separation factor. The functional group and compound class of activated carbon before and after the experiment were determined through the analysis of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R and Procion Red MX-5B by Trichoderma Species
Authors: Zainip Vanessa Jane , Adnan Liyana Amalina , Elshikh Mohamed Soliman
Published: October 2021

Industrial wastewater including dye waste disposal, has been released in a massive amount and is difficult to degrade, especially synthetic dyes. In this study, 10 different types of fungi were isolated from a decayed wood in UTM forest and were labelled as S1-S10. Two dyes were chosen for this study, which were Procion Red MX-5B (PRMX5B) and Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R (RBV5R). These fungi were screened for their ability to decolor both dyes and further tested for their ability to decolor the dyes in liquid medium under several parameters; carbon and nitrogen sources, initial pH value, temperature, and agitation. S1 decolorized PRMX5B efficiently with the addition of glucose (45%), ammonium nitrate (61%), pH 3 (69%), temperature 37°C (49%), and agitation 100 rpm (69%), whereas S2 decolorized efficiently with the addition of glucose (60%), ammonium nitrate (49%), pH 3 (70%), temperature 37°C (46%), and agitation 100 rpm (74%). S1 demonstrated efficient decolorization of RBV5R with the addition of glucose (80%), ammonium nitrate (62%), pH 3, temperature 37°C (75%), and agitation 100 rpm (90%), whereas S2 demonstrated efficient decolorization with the addition of glucose (52%), ammonium nitrate (67%), pH 3, temperature 37°C (75%), and agitation 100 rpm (71%).The percentage of decolorization of dyes was measured by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. These fungi were then identified using the 18sr RNA method. Based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and a polygenetic tree, fungi S1 belong to Trichoderma koningiopsis and fungi S2 belong to Trichoderma atroviride.
Coating Metals with Zinc and Method for Measuring the Thickness of the Layer
Authors:   Geo Milev School of Mathematics and Natural Science, Minchev Miroslav
Published: October 2021

When a copper coin is immersed with zinc into a solution of a zinc salt (ZnSO4, ZnCl2 etc.) an electrochemical eaction occurs in the mixture. As a result, a thin layer of zinc appears on the surface of the copper which gives the impression for silver color. The purposes of this project are: to explain the phenomenon and to investigate relevant parameters; to measure the thickness of the zinc layer; to determine which metals can be covered with zinc in such experiments. Method for measuring the thickness of the zinc layer was obtained by using dimension properties of the coin – radius, height and mass. The advantage of this method is the fact that it can be applied for all metals whose form has an integrable volume. The thickness of the layer was determined to be in the order of 1 . The relationship between the thickness of the zinc and the time at which the coin has spent in the solution was also studied and an exponential tendency was observed. It was proved that only metals after hydrogen in the Reactivity series can be plated with zinc with this setup.
Промяна на парадигмалните ориентири във висшето образование
Authors: Неминска Румяна
Published: October 2021

Ако образованието се разглежда като конструкт на обществото, то в него ясно са отличими два основни фундамента – социалният и научноизследователският. В статията се прави опит за научно-теоретичен прочит върху взаимодействията между тези две конструкции в няколко направления: тяхната взаимозависимост и развитие в контекста на европейската визия за развитие на висшето образование; като влияещи върху парадигмалните модели на практическата образователна дейност в академична среда; като синергични взаимодействия, пораждащи нови мултипарадигмални ориентири във висшето образование. В теоретичното изследване са представени съвременни научни разбирания за холистичното и синергично влияние между парадигмите като научни модели и разбиранията на редица автори за тяхното приложение в научното и академично развитие. Като водеща съвременна научна парадигма е изведена синергичната парадигма.
Estudos de crustáceos decápodes com isótopos estáveis: Análise bibliométrica entre 2010 e 2020
Authors: Ferreira Keltony de Aquino , Braga Adriane Araújo , Di Beneditto Ana Paula Madeira
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar análise bibliométrica sobre a utilização de isótopos estáveis em estudos com decápodes na última década (2010-2020). O levantamento de informações reuniu 440 artigos publicados em periódicos indexados e revisados por pares subdivididos em 208 publicações diretas, cujo foco eram decápodes, e 232 publicações indiretas, quando esses animais eram apenas parte da amostragem. A quantidade de artigos foi impulsionada por países que possuem maiores investimentos em ciência e tecnologia, tais como Estados Unidos e China. O número de artigos que utilizaram isótopos estáveis como ferramenta de estudo para decápodes progrediu na última década. Entretanto, apenas 2% do total de espécies foram estudadas (n = 278), com ênfase na superfamília Penaeoidea e infraordens Brachyura, Caridea e Anomura. As espécies desses táxons possuem elevada importância comercial, o que justifica o maior interesse em estudá-las. As informações disponíveis nos artigos apontam que a maioria dos estudos aborda principalmente a ecologia trófica, utilizando isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio (d13C e d15N).
Otimização no processo de montagem de cilindro mestre de freio
Authors: Härter Rogério Greque , Rosa Ariane Ferreira Porto , Walker Eduardo , Royer Rogério
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho objetiva otimizar o processo de montagem de um cilindro mestre de freio. Cilindros mestres são responsáveis por fazer a frenagem de veículos automotores, os quais passam por vários processos e contemplam diversos componentes responsáveis pela sua funcionalidade. Deste modo, evidenciamos a importância que este produto apresenta para o mercado rodoviário. Através da aplicação do Método de Análise e Solução de Problemas e de diferentes ferramentas da qualidade foi possível obter um ganho de produtividade do produto estudado, que inicialmente se apresentava com produção hora de 33 peças e hoje tem um processo que garante produção hora de no mínimo 40 peças. Assim, consegue-se produzir o lote anual médio do item com 6 horas a menos de produção. Foi possível reveler a eficiência obtida no processo de montagem do item, relacionando com seu componente de vedação, de modo a não alterar a aplicabilidade do produto, mas aumentar a produção deste, garantindo a durabilidade do cilindro, tornando o item um produto de baixa complexidade e menor perda de montagem.
Controle de qualidade da droga vegetal e preparação do extrato de folhas de Passiflora edulis
Authors: Trevisan Natália Pereira , Teodoro Emilly Isabelli dos Santos , Lima Clara Beatriz de , Gancedo Naiara Cássia , Teston Ana Paula Margioto , Mello João Carlos Palazzo de , Medeiros Araújo Daniela Cristina de
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Realizar o controle de qualidade da droga vegetal e a preparação e avaliação da capacidade antioxidante do extrato bruto das folhas de Passiflora edulis. Método: Foram utilizadas as metodologias preconizadas na 6ª edição da Farmacopeia Brasileira. Resultados: O teor de matéria estranha e umidade foram de 0,11% e 10,99%, respectivamente, valores dentro do limite especificado pela Farmacopeia Brasileira. Já o teor de cinzas totais (17,8%) ficou acima do limite máximo de 10%. Quanto a determinação do índice de espuma, os valores foram inferiores a 1 cm, estando de acordo com o especificado em monografia de P. edulis. A determinação do teor de flavonoides totais foi de 59,20%, bem acima do teor mínimo de 15% estabelecido pela Farmacopeia Europeia. A produção do extrato bruto (EB) a partir da droga vegetal foi realizada pelo método de turbo extração, com rendimento 13,25%. Em relação à análise de DPPH o EB apresentou IC50 de 314,0033 µg/mL. Conclusão: a droga vegetal apresentou características de qualidade e o EB apresentou alta capacidade antioxidante pelo teste de DPPH, demonstrando potencial da amostra para utilização na produção de medicamentos e cosméticos.
E-Professionalism: challenges of being social in social media in health profession
Authors: Imran Nazish , Jawaid Masood
Published: October 2021

The Digital revolution is set to influence medicine significantly in the coming days. Healthcare professionals should embrace the positive potential of social media (SM) and social networking sites (SNSs) and take advantage of these technologies and tools for their personal and professional development but also be aware of the potential impact of their online behaviors.Moorhead et al identified six arching domains of social media use by the general public, patients, and health professionals. These include Information provision and answering questions on various conditions; facilitation of dialogue between patients, and patients and healthcare professionals; data collection on patient experiences and opinions; SM use for health intervention;health promotion and health education; reduction of stigma & online consultations (Moorhead et al., 2013). Social media has various advantages, such as reaching an extensive audience, low cost, peer/social/emotional support, helping students to keep updated the latest health trends, helping them to formally and informally learn the material, prompt communication & potential to influence health policy (Moorhead et al., 2013; Mostaghimi &Crotty, 2011). At the same time, there are various limitations of social media use in healthcare. These include lack of reliability, information overload, lack of confidentiality & privacy, risks associated with providing incorrect advice using social media, concerns about the correct application of online information to one’s personal health & adverse health consequences. Furthermore, in some cases, social media may restrict patients from visiting health professionals (Moorhead et al., 2013).
IN-SILICO PRELIMINARY DOCKING SCREENING OF SOME ANTI-ALZHEIMER DRUGS
Authors: Sharma S , Daniel K , Daniel V. , Sharma L ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mandsaur Institute of Pharmacy, Mandsaur – 458 001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Published: October 2021

Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys cognition function. It is neurodegenerative disease & most common kind of dementia. The main purpose of this work is to perform preliminary docking screening & estimate toxic properties of some anti-Alzheimer's drugs through computational software. To assess toxic properties of some anti-Alzheimer’s drugs, through Lipinski rule of five. Drug-likeness and toxic properties of selective drugs were determined by employing Osiris server. To calculate the biological activity spectrum through prediction of activity spectra for a drug which provide intrinsic property that correspond to different pharmacological effects, physiological and biochemical mechanisms of action. The OSIRIS toxicity predictions resulted for toxicity, cLogP value, drug likeness and drug-score of each molecular imprint. These findings are relevant for the exploration of drug action of any compound of Anti- Alzheimer’s drug using both animal models and in silico strategies.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW 1,3,4- OXADIAZOLES, 1,2,4-TRIAZOLES AND 1,3,4-THIADIAZOLES
Authors: Laddi U. V. , Desai S. R. ,   Department Of Chemistry, Channabasaveshwara Institute of Technology, N.H. 206, B.H. Road, Gubbi, Tumkur-572 216, Karnataka, India.
Published: October 2021

Some new 5-[(((α-phenyl/methyl)benzylidene)amino)oxy]methyl/ethyl-2-[4-(substituted aryl)/allyl)] amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (4a-p), 3-[(((α-phenyl/methyl)- benzylidene) amino)oxy]methyl/ethyl-4-(4- substitutedaryl)/allyl-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles (5a-p) and 5-[(((α-phenyl/methyl)-benzylidene)amino) oxy]- methyl/ethyl-2-[4-(substituted aryl)/allyl)]amino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (6a-p) were prepared starting from α/β-[((α-(phenyl/methyl)benzylidene)amino)oxy acetic/propionic acid hydrazides (1a-d). The structures of all the compounds have been established by elemental and spectral (IR, 1HNMR and mass) analysis. All the newly synthesised compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cirroflagellosus, Aspergillus niger and Rhizoctonia bataticola. Some of the newly synthesised compounds have been evaluated for antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain by BACTEC radiometric system at Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL and Frederick Research Centre, Frederick, MD. Significant antimicrobial activity is observed against Escherichia coli and Rhizoctonia bataticola. A few compounds also exhibited interesting antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain.
DEVELOPMENT OF LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION PROCEDURE AND ITS APPLICATION FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ERLOTINIB IN SPIKED HUMAN PLASMA USING RP-HPLC WITH UV DETECTION
Authors: Faizee A , Sonawane S. S , Patil A. S. , Kshirsagar S. J , Gade V. S. ,   MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik - 422 003, Maharashtra, India.
Published: October 2021

A simple, rapid and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantification of Erlotinib in spiked human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction. Sufficient recovery was obtained when drug and internal standard (Nabumetone) were extracted using ethyl acetate and 1N NaOH. Chromatographic separation was performed on C18 Phenomenex Hyperclone column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using mobile phase acetonitrile: 20 mM ammonium acetate buffer pH 4.6 (60:40%,V/V). Flow rate was kept constant at 1 mL/min and detection was carried out at 331 nm. Calibration curve was found to be linear in the range of 100-3200 ng/mL. During the calibration experiments, it was found that heteroscedasticity can be minimized using weighted regression calibration model with weighing factor of 1/x2.
STABILITY-INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AND AZILSARTAN MEDOXOMIL IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Modi J. G , Patel J. K. ,   School of Pharmacy, R K University, Rajkot and Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Vadodara - 391 760, Gujarat, India.
Published: October 2021

A novel, simple, rapid, and highly selective stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of azilsartan medoxomil (AZL) and amlodipine besylate HCl (AMLO) in tablet dosage form having strength of 20 mg and 2.5 mg, respectively. The effective chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex luna ODS C18 (15 cm X 4.6 mm internal diameter, 3.5 μm Particle size) with a mobile phase composed of phosphate buffer (pH-2.5) adjusted with ortho phosphoric acid : acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 v/v. The mobile phase was pumped using an isocratic HPLC system at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min with injection volume 20μl and quantification of the analytes was done at detection wavelength 254 nm. The retention times were found to be 5.918 min and 14.901 min for AMLO and AZL, respectively. The proposed HPLC method was validated with respect to linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, LOD, and LOQ as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. Calibration plots were linear over the concentration range of 75-125 µg/mL and 600-1000 µg/mL with correlation coefficients 0.9966 and 0.9948 for AMLO and AZL, respectively. Forced degradation studies were performed using hydrolysis, oxidation, photolytic, and thermal degradation conditions with good resolution between the degradants and analytes. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection of AMLO and AZL, thus the proposed method is sensitive and stability-indicating. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of AMLO and AZL in tablet dosage form.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF EMITRICITABINE, EFAVIRENZ, TENOFOVIR DISPROXIL FUMARATE BY CHEMOMETRY AND REVERSE PHASE-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Ramya Kumari G. , Deepika N. C , Bhat Krishnamurthy ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal - 576 104, Karnataka, India.
Published: October 2021

A chemometric ultra-violet spectrophotometric method of analysis, Partial Least Square (PLS) method was applied to simultaneous assay of emitricitrabine, efavirenz and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) in their combined dosage tablet formulation. For comparison of this chemometric method a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of emitricitabine, efavirenz and tenofovir DF in combination was developed. Twenty one mixed solutions were prepared for chemometric calibration set and twenty one ternary mixtures were prepared as validation sets. The absorbance data matrix for training set was obtained by recording absorbance within wavelength range 230-290 nm at 2nm intervals. The developed multivariate and HPLC methods were successfully tested for laboratory mixtures as well as commercial tablet formulation of emitricitrabine, efavirenz, tenofovir DF.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL SCREENING OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS (L) AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.) AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Tripathi R , Jain S , Herenz N. D., , Sharma S , Jain P ,   Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali - 304 022, Rajasthan, India.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate phytochemical and antibacterial potential of Calendula officinals L. and Catharanthus roseus L. G. Don leaves. The leaves of both plants were screened for physico-chemical analysis. Phytochemical screening was carried out to find phytoconstituents and subsequent antibacterial studies of extracts were carried out against the pathogenic bacterial strains Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi using Kirby bauer method. The extract with maximum antibacterial activity was further processed for TLC studies. The results of the present investigation revealed superiority of C. roseus over C. officinalis in terms of ash value. Both plants showed the presence of alkaloids, saponnins, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carbohydrates. The antibacterial studies revealed that the petroleum ether extract of C. officinalis has been active against all strains, whereas the same extract of C. roseus showed activity against S. typhi, S. aureus and B. subtilis. Chloroform extract of C. officinalis was active against only two strains i.e. E. coli and B. subtilis. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of both plants were also found to be active against all strains. Studies of TLC analysis revealed that petroleum ether extract of C. officinalis and methanolic extract of C. roseus showed distinct RF values. Further studies are required to separate characterize and screen these components for therapeutic purposes.
INFLUENCE OF SERTRALINE ON HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF ORALLY ADMINISTERED PIOGLITAZONE AND ROSIGLITAZONE IN HEALTHY RABBITS
Authors: Baganal P. , Janadri S , Sandur R , Goud V. , Setty R. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Acharya & B.M Reddy College of Pharmacy Acharya Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Road Acharya Post Office, Soldevanahalli Hessarghatta Main Road, Bangalore - 560 107 Karnataka, India.
Published: October 2021

The present study was planned to study the influence of sertraline on hypoglycemic effect of orally administered pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in healthy rabbits. In the beginning of experiment, the rabbit were fasted for 18 hours with distilled water ad libitum. The blood was withdrawn from the marginal ear vein of pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, p.o.) treated rabbits and rosiglitazone (720 μg/kg, p.o.) treated rabbits at different time intervals at 0 h, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 h before and after administration of sertraline (18 mg/ kg, p.o). The blood glucose was estimated by GOD-POD enzymatic kit method using semi-autoanalyzer and data were expressed in mg/dl. The results shown that sertraline increases the onset, peak effect and duration action of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in healthy rabbits during concomitant administration of these drugs. In conclusion the dose and frequency of administration of sertraline with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone should be adjusted while administrating concurrently.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF TARTRAZINE (E 102) BY USING RP-HPLC METHOD WITH PDA DETECTOR
Authors: Mallikarjuna Rao N. , Gowri Sankar D. ,   Research & Development, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada - 533 003, Andhra Pradhesh, India.
Published: October 2021

A simple, sensitive, reliable and rapid RP-HPLC method coupled with PDA detector has been developed for the estimation of Tartrazine (E 102) in food stuffs and tablet dosage form. Determination was performed on phenomenex C18 Gemini column (150×4.6mm) 5μ particle size. The mobile phase 20mM ammonium acetate buffer: acetonitrile: methanol in the ratio of 40:30:30 V/V/V was selected. Isocratic mode of elution was selected. Calibration plots were established showing dependence of response (peak area) on the amount chromatographed. The method has a linear range of 0.2-1mcg/mL. 426nm was selected as wavelength of detection. It is the most effective method for determination of the dye tartrazine in dosage forms.
HEALING POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BARRINGTONIA ACUTANGULA FRUIT IN INFECTED WOUNDS
Authors: Mohanty A , Pal A. , Sahu P. K. ,   School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India.
Published: October 2021

The wound healing effect of methanolic extract of Barringtonia acutangula fruits (MEBA) in infected wound model was studied in wistar rats. Two models were used to evaluate the wound healing activity i.e. infected excision and infected incision model. The wound area was infected with a loop full of inoculums of mixed microorganisms comprising of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli. In incision model the breaking strength of the wounded skin was evaluated. In excision model the percentage wound contraction and period of epithelialization were evaluated. Reference standard drug was Povidone iodine ointment. The results indicate that the methanolic extract of Barringtonia acutangula fruits (MEBA) at 20% w/w produced significant wound healing activity in presence of infection.
SCREENING OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF VISCUM ALBUM L. AND ESTIMATION OF HESPERITIN IN PLANT USING TLC DENSITOMETRY
Authors: Mittal P , Kumar D , Kumar S. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147 002, Punjab, India.
Published: October 2021

Viscum album L. (Ujjral; family – Viscaceae) has long tradition of use as anticonvulsant, but traditional claims of the plant have not been validated scientifically. Therefore, it was envisaged to subject V. album extracts and fractions for screening anticonvulsant activity. Various extracts of V. album aerial parts were screened for anticonvulsant activity at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o., upon acute administration in mice using maximal electroshock test. The bioactive extract was partitioned successively to obtain n-hexane fraction (HF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and 1-butanol fraction (BF), which were also screened for anticonvulsant activity at the doses of 25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o. The methanol extract, EAF and BF significantly abolished duration of tonic extension in mice with respect to control. The content of bioactive principle of V. album aerial parts i.e. hesperitin was estimated using validated TLC densitometric method, and was found to be 0.00210% w/w.
AQUEOUS SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR ORGANIC MOLECULES
Authors: Somani R. R. , Chaskar P. K. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Chembur (E), Mumbai - 400 074, India.
Published: October 2021

Aqueous solubility poses a major problem for dissolution of a wide variety of drug molecules. This problem also hinders formulation development of new drug entities. A wide range of newly synthesized molecules developed by pharmaceutical industry are practically insoluble in water. Due to sparingly soluble nature of these compounds, proper pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies cannot be carried out. This review aims to elaborate some popular approaches that have been tried successfully by various researchers to increase aqueous solubility of many organic molecules. These approaches can be used alone or in combination, depending on the properties of the drugs.
BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL A-HETEROARYL/ARYLAZO 2-NAPHTHOL ANALOGS AND THE TRANSITIONAL METAL COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM 4-((2-HYDROXYNAPHTHALEN-1-YL) DIAZENYL)-1, 5-DIMETHYL-2-PHENYL-1H-PYRAZOL-3(2H)-ONE
Authors: Sahoo J , Sahoo S. , Paidesetty S. K. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha‘O’Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar – 751 003, Odisha, India.
Published: October 2021

Eight different aryl / heteroarylazo substituted 2-naphthol congeners and complexes of the composition [M (L) 2 (H2 O) 2 ]. x H2 O where L is deprotonated ligands such as 4g (ligH): 4-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1- yl) diazenyl)-1, 5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one and M= Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) have been synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by different modern analytical techniques. The results of antimicrobial activities of the novel synthesized 2-naphthol congeners reveled that the 4-carboxyphenylazo substituted 2-naphthol analog 4h showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica ser.typhi, Salmonella enterica typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholera, Micrococcus luteus, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus in comparison to standard. However the nickel complex of 4g showed significant antifungal activity against T. rubrum and C. glabrata. The novel synthesized azo molecules may be suggested for the establishment of new search for antimicrobial agents and to create an opportunity in new drug discovery and medicinal research.
The Influence of Clinical Supervision of Therapists in the Therapeutic Alliance Between Patient and Therapist
Authors: NI Fleischer
Published: October 2021

The therapeutic alliance between patient and Clinical Social Worker/Therapist is directly influenced by clinical supervision that therapists receive. This article will bring awareness to Clinical Supervisors’ abilities to correct and adjust to how they are providing Clinical Supervision or how Clinical Social Workers are receiving supervision.
Purpura Fulminans: Meningococcemia Manifestation
Authors: Dueñas Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Background: Neisseria meningitidis is the most frequent etiologic agent of meningococcemia and meningitis. In both scenarios it is capable to produce clinical manifestations of great importance. The purpura fulminans is part of the cutaneous signs caused by this bacterial agent. It begins as a cutaneous hemorrhage and necrosis due to vascular thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to immunological, genetic, and vascular events. Being in this infectious disease a factor of poor prognosis. Case presentation: We present a case of purpura fulminans where the etiological agent isolated by blood culture was Neisseria meningitidis in a Patient at the Hospital de San José in the city of Bogotá. The patient shows on physical examination erythematous macula type lesions with irregular edges like purpuric lesions. The isolated bacteria was Neisseria meningitidis and the diagnosis of meningococcemia was did. Conclusion: Meningococcemia it is considered that the most frequent etiologic agent of this entity is Neisseria meningitidis. Typically, it can start as a cutaneous hemorrhage and necrosis due to vascular thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, being a presentation a factor of poor prognosis.
Structural and Optical Characterization of Chemically Synthesized Nanostructured Zinc Oxide Thin Film
Authors: Ajayi Akintunde Ayodeji , Alabi Aderemi Babatunde , Abodunrin Olutayo Wale , Musiliyu Kazeem Adeleke
Published: October 2021

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin film has been synthesized using the chemical spray pyrolysis technique and ethylene glycolhas been used as solvent during the synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show cubic and tetragonal phasesof ZnO and the grain size was calculated to be 2.57nm. Optical characterization reveals very high transmittancewithin the visible-ultraviolet region and a bandgap of 3.49 eV was obtained for ZnO thin film. Scanning ElectronMicroscopic (SEM) analysis showed a void-free non-homogenous surface.Keywords: ZnO; Spray pyrolysis; Ethylene glycol; Grain size.
The impact and effectiveness of new coronavirus vaccine on disease outcome worldwide
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya, Alkout Tasneem A. , Alkout Abdulhamid M. ,   Faculty of Medical Technology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya,   Albarra Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly around the world caused serious respiratory disease leading to death, therefore vaccine is the effective way to control this pandemic. Scientists tried to produce safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in record time and vaccination program started in December 2020. The aim of this study to determine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on COVID-19 disease. Materials and methods: The COVID-19 cases data of post-vaccination and pre-vaccination were collected from Worldmeter website, and the percentage of vaccinated people data obtained from Statistics and Research Coronavirus Vaccinations. The statistical analyses performed with SPSS software version 16.0. Results: The results showed countries with higher percentage of full dose vaccinated people correlated strongly with decrease of death and the severity of the disease among their infected population. This study showed that different vaccine mechanism against SARS-CoV-2 virus of more than 23.5% of vaccination people with full dose vaccine is effective to decrease death and serious symptoms of COVID-19 disease and increasing the recovery rate. Conclusions: Different mechanism type of full dose vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is effective to decrease death and serious symptoms of COVID-19 disease with increasing recovery rate. It was difficult to assess the effect of single dose alone, therefore more studies are recommended to assess the effect of single dose vaccine with COVID-19 disease outcome and to determine if the vaccine will accelerate the period of recovery rate and reduce the infectious period time in each country.
Public opinion and practice towards COVID-19 pandemic in Libya
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya, Almeraash Sara A. , Amara Abdussalam A. M. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
Published: October 2021

Introduction: World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, and like any global health crisis at its beginning, need a commitment to take the necessary precautions due to its spread among people before and during the presence of vaccine or drug. This study aims to assess public opinion and practice of Libyan community in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional online study was conducted among Libyans between Sep. 15th, and Oct. 29th, 2020 using a developed-design questionnaire consisting of 23 questions assessing the aim of the study. 2305, who agreed to participate, was involved in the present study. Results: The response rate of Libyan regions, the west, east, middle and south areas, was 80.0%, 8.7%, 10.0 % and 1.3%, respectively. The majority were female (63.1%), with mostly in the 20-50 years’ age group (86.6%). The high level of education was university graduate (71.3%). The opinion average rate of participants was 33.2 % disagree and 26.4 % strongly disagree towards ban measures issued by authorities. Findings reveal good practice of applying preventive measures (always, an average rate of 35.1%). The relationship between opinion score and the participant’s demographic data show highly significant difference with the educational level (P = 0.002), but no differences found with residence (P = 0.183), with age (P = 0.212), and with gender (P = 0.313). With regard to the practice score, a significant difference was existed with gender (P = 0.029), age (P = 0.000), level of education (P = 0.013) and residence (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Libyan people has an acceptable level of awareness and opinion in applying the necessary precautionary measures towards COVID-19 pandemic, where prevention practices are influenced by level of education, residence, age and gender.
Food Waste Legislation Scholarship: A Mapping Study
Authors: Hackstadt Angela
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine research activity on food waste legislation published in law journals to identify top sources and experts cited by recent scholarship. Searches for "food loss" and "food waste" were conducted in three legal research databases for law journal articles published between January 2013 and January 2018. The core list of selected articles consists of 13 law journal articles. The citations from each of the core articles were collected to form a database, which was analyzed to determine what kinds of resources legal scholars rely on when conducting research in food waste legislation. Government Sources and Primary Law contribute approximately 48% of the citations in the database. News, Nonprofit, and Law Reviews and Journals contribute approximately 31% of database citations. This study provides some insight into the complexity of food law and the facets of agriculture, industry, and society that affect the success of food waste reduction legislation.
Challenges and Survival Strategies of Vulnerable Groups Under covid-19 Induced Lockdown: The Case of Durban Waste Pickers
Authors:   M&G Research Consultants, Muringa Tigere Paidamoyo
Published: October 2021

Despite the notion that waste pickers are amongst the economically excluded groups in urban South Africa, little is known about their lockdown experience. This study explores the survival strategies of waste pickers in Durban during the COVID-19 induced level 5 lockdown. It employs a case study to illuminate the challenges and various survival strategies adopted by the waste pickers in response to harsh living conditions imposed by the lockdown measures. Two empirical questions are asked in this study- what are the challenges faced by the waste pickers? and what were the surviving strategies employed by waste pickers? Data for this study were collected using semi-structured interviews with pickers. Using a convenience sampling technique, n=15 waste pickers from the South Beach area were interviewed. The study revealed that the pickers lost income and their assets. As a means of survival, the pickers resorted to drugs, crime, and moved to shelters.