bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of occupational burnout in dentists employed by state children’s dental poly-clinics
Authors:   Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo Str., Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation, Karelin A.O. , Ionov P.B. ,   Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, 6-8 L'va Tolstogo Str., Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

Recently occupational burnout has become more frequent among dentists. Exposure to stress is especially typical for those dentists who work with children. Our research goal was to identify risk factors that caused developing occupational burnout among dentists employed by state children’s dental polyclinics. We performed comprehensive questioning with 120 dentists participating in it. They all were employed by state children’s dental polyclinics in Saint Petersburg. Totally, there were 8 male participants and 112 female ones; their average age was 47.2 ± 11.34 years; average working experience as a dentist, 19.2 ± 13.6 years. The dentists filled in standardized questionnaires including Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), RAND SF-36 for assessing quality of life and Work Ability Index. Our study was designed as a “case – control” one. Based on the data of MBI, two groups were created: respondents with occupational burnout by two and three MBI scales (case) and respondents without any occupational burnout (control). To analyze risk factors of occupational burnout, we compared frequency of signs in the groups and calculated odds ratio and their statistical significance. Several significant risk factors of occupational burnout were identified for this group. They included age >40 years; working experience as a dentist >10 years; presence of chronic diseases and diseases of the musculoskeletal system; impaired physical functioning, general health, and emotional role functioning, as well as the integral quality of life index. Dentists aged 40–49 years have the highest risk of occupational burnout. Working experience that is longer than 20 years creates significantly elevated risks of occupational burnout. Chronic diseases and diseases of the musculoskeletal system as well as impaired quality of life multiply risks of occupational burnout. These research results can be used to develop activities aimed at preventing occupational burnout among dentists working with children.
Experimental models of animal chronic pathology in assessing health risks for sensitive population groups
Authors:   Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene, 8 Akademicheskaya Str., Minsk, 220012, Republic of Belarus, Drozdova E.V. , Sychik S.I. ,   Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene, 8 Akademicheskaya Str., Minsk, 220012, Republic of Belarus, Hrynchak V.A. ,   Scientific and Practical Center for Hygiene, 8 Akademicheskaya Str., Minsk, 220012, Republic of Belarus, Rjabceva S.N. ,   Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 28 Akademicheskaya Str., Minsk, 220072, Republic of Belarus
Published: October 2022

The methodology for health risk assessment and hygienic standardization of chemicals often neglects such a vulnerable population group as people with chronic non-communicable diseases. According to the data provided by the WHO, the prevalence of such pathologies is high in many European countries; therefore, when a disease burden in a certain population is unaccounted for, this may result in lower accuracy of accomplished assessments. On the other hand, introduction of too conservative safe factors when hygienic standards are being developed for chemicals in various media leads to high uncertainty and excessive limitations. Our research goal was to provide scientific substantiation for a methodology for using experimental pathology models to improve reliability of hygienic standardization and accuracy of health risk assessments for sensitive population groups (people suffering from non-chronic communicable diseases) under exposure to naturally occurring chemicals. Another goal was to test this methodology by performing a case study on drinking water. The testing results indicate that a chronic 6-month exposure to model substances produced more apparent toxic effects on experimental animals with model pathologies (spontaneous hypertension and experimental histamine-induced nephropathy) in comparison with “healthy” animals. This allowed us to recommend using experimental models of congenital and induced animal pathology bearing in mind target organs for toxic effects produced by the analyzed chemicals to substantiate hygienic standards, health risks taken into account. This should be done at the stage when dose-dependent reactions are identified (determination of no-effect and / or threshold levels) in addition to studies performed on “healthy” animals. It is most appropriate to use this approach when the following conditions are met: 1) a research object is naturally occurring chemicals that are widely spread in the environment due to its natural formation; 2) pathologies of organs (systems) that are targets for biological effects produced by the tested chemicals are widely spread in a population (circulatory diseases, diseases of the excretory system, etc.).
Pressing issues of environmental health and medical challenges in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions
Authors:   University of Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, 67000, France, Reis J. , Zaitseva N.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Spencer P. ,   3Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, 97201, USA
Published: October 2022

The paper concentrates on reviewing results of studies that address the influence exerted by climate change in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions on local population health, ecological situation and ongoing sanitary-epidemiological processes. The systemic review includes research articles available in PubMed (maintained by The United States National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health), Scopus (the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature), WoS (the abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature) and BVS (Virtual Health Library) that were published over the period from 1960 to 2021. The review covers pressing environmental, sanitary-hygienic and social issues and identifies priority risk factors for public health and wildlife. Global pollution and communicable diseases are shown to pose threats for indigenous people living in the Arctic. These threats are likely to be greater than those faced by populations living elsewhere in the world. We suggest certain solutions to the existing issues. Our conclusion is that climate is changing faster in the Arctic than anywhere else on the planet. Global pollution and communicable diseases pose threats for public health, including the health of indigenous people living in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. It is necessary to intensify cooperation among different states to reduce external influences on the Arctic environment and to maintain public health.
Impact of Sanctions and Prospects for Bugetary and Tax Policy in Russia
Authors: Bukina I. S.
Published: October 2022

The implementation of the Russia fiscal policy in 2022 is taking place in the context of severe external sanctions, including the freezing of government foreign assets. As theoretical models say an increase in government spending stimulates output growth but household consumption reduces. At the same time, empirical studies of the impact of sanctions show that losses from the simultaneous application of financial sanctions, asset freezing and trade restrictions could amount to 4.0-5.0% of GDP. The state of the federal budget in the first half of 2022 remained stable due to the growth in oil prices. The growth of additional oil and gas revenues of the federal budget covered the increased non-oil and gas deficit. External sanctions and retaliatory measures from the monetary and financial authorities had a critical impact on the state of the domestic government debt market. The return to early 2022 levels came amid falling trading volumes, with no new government bond issues between late February and August 2022.
Methods of Sustainable Clustering of Russian Regions by Employment
Authors: Gavrilenko I. E.
Published: October 2022

The problem of the imbalance in the labor market of the Russian Federation cannot be solved without leveling the heterogeneity of its regions by socio-economic and demographic characteristics, since the labor market is a dynamic complex system that is influenced by a variety of factors, such as the economic, demographic situation, quality of education, interests of market participants, technological progress and digitalization, psychological aspects, etc. The article discusses the application of cluster and discriminant analysis methods on socio-economic data, highlights the regional features of the labor market in Russia. Cluster analysis was carried out using traditional hierarchical and iterative methods: the “Nearest Neighbor” method, the “Far Neighbor” method, the “Ward” method and the k-means method, as well as the fanny fuzzy clustering method. The results obtained by these five methods were evaluated for consistency. The conducted discriminant analysis allowed us to obtain a stable cluster structure in terms of the number of employed people by type of economic activity, dividing the regions of Russia into four main groups characterized by positive, average, neutral and negative behavior. Thanks to the construction of profiles of the obtained clusters, poorly informative types of economic activity were identified, employment in which has little effect on the division of regions into groups. The article evaluates the errors of cluster analysis methods for the final stable clustering. The regions with high and low levels of employment are analyzed, atypical subjects of the Russian Federation are identified and their industry specialization is considered. A comparative analysis of the formed groups and atypical regions was carried out, regions that can be conditionally assigned to any cluster were identified. The final typologization of the regions of Russia by the number of employed by type of economic activity has been developed taking into account territorial, social, sectoral and climatic features.
Tax Revenues of Regional Budgets Under Sanctions Pressure
Authors: Lykova L. N.
Published: October 2022

The first half of 2022 was marked by a radical change in the geopolitical situation and an increase in sanctions pressure on the domestic economy. The breakdown of the established model of economic relations, the rupture of economic chains had a pronounced effect on the dynamics of industrial production. At the same time, the tax revenues of the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation have increased significantly and have not yet responded to the reduction in industrial production. Of the regions with a significant share of tax revenues from industry in the structure of consolidated budget revenues, only six had a reduction in income tax receipts, and this took place both against the background of a reduction in industrial production indices and against the background of their growth. According to the results of the first half of the year, there is no connection between the dynamics of industrial production and the receipts of corporate income tax and personal income tax to the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. In a number of regions, wholesale and retail trade plays a significant role in maintaining the receipts of these taxes to the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the pronounced lag in the growth of personal income tax receipts from the rate of inflation, which occurs with an increase in average accrued wages and a drop in real incomes of the population, may indicate the accumulation of hidden employment problems in a number of regions.
Sustainable Mobility in the Cities and Agglomeration Areas
Authors: Majewski Jakub
Published: October 2022

The aim of this publication is to present the relationship between the dominant forms of urban mobility and the environmental pressures of the transport sector as well as the quality of life of the inhabitants of large cities and urban agglomerations. The presentation of trends and scenarios is based, on the one hand, on statistics describing current development trends and, on the other hand, on scenarios, recommendations, and commitments defined in European, national, and local governmental documents programming the socio-economic development of urbanised areas and the directions of climate transformation in their area. The article consists of a brief introduction, background on the latest regulations in the field of sustainable urban mobility, and a comparative analysis of environmental demands, along with actual trends observed in the transport sector in urbanised areas. It closes with conclusions relating to the validity and effectiveness of current transport and environmental policies, and recommendations, whilst identifying areas and instruments that increase the likelihood of achieving the stated objectives.
HPLC and HPLC-MS Analysis of Intestinal Elimination and Phase 2 Metabolism of 4'-hydroxy-4-Methoxychalcone and its Bis-Mannich Analog In The Rat
Authors: Bernardes Aline , Kuzma Mónika , Almási Attila , Mayer Mátyás , Pérez Caridad Noda , Perjési Pál
Published: October 2022

Aims:

The aim was to study the elimination and Phase 2 biotransformation of 4'-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone (1) and its bis-Mannich analog (2) in the small intestine of the rat.

Background:

Earlier studies indicated that chalcones are promising starting points for drug design. Aminomethylation of drugs is considered to improve their delivery into the human body.

Objectives:

To set up validated HPLC-UV methods to quantitate the investigated chalcones in the rat intestinal perfusates. Comparison of intestinal disappearance and Phase 2 metabolic profile of the 4’-hydroxychalcone (1) and a bis-Mannich analog (2).

Methods:

Chalcones 1 and 2 were luminally perfused in the small intestine of rats at a concentration of 240 μM and 280 μM, respectively. Analysis of the collected intestinal perfusate samples was performed by a validated HPLC-UV method. Using HPLC-MS, the samples were analyzed for Phase 2 metabolites as well.

Results:

Elimination kinetics of the two 4’-hydroxychalcones displayed characteristic differences having the nonpolar chalcone 1 higher elimination rate over the 90-minute ex vivo experiments. HPLC-MS analysis of the perfusates indicated the presence of glucuronide, sulfate, and glutathione conjugates in the parent molecules. Intestinal disappearance and sulfation of the bis-Mannich derivative 2 showed characteristic differences compared to 1

Conclusion:

The results demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, how the title structural modification of phenolic chalcones affects intestinal elimination and Phase 2 metabolism of the compounds

Highlights:

Study on ex vivo intestinal elimination of a 4'-hydroxy-4-methoxychalcone and its bis-Mannich analog.

Development of validated HPLC-UV methods for quantitation of 4’-hydroxychalcone derivatives in rat intestinal perfusates.

HPLC-MS identification of Phase 2 metabolites of 4’-hydroxychalcones in rat intestinal perfusates.
Knowledge Translation and Implementation Planning to Promote Research Governance in Nongovernment Organizations in the Torres Strait: Descriptive Study
Authors: Shibasaki Sanchia , Watkin Lui Felecia , Ah Mat Lynda
Published: October 2022

Background

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia have participated in Western research for decades. When done well, research has resulted in significant benefits and positive impacts on society. However, the primary benefactor of this research has and continues to be researchers, with limited or no research knowledge mobilized for uptake and beneficial use by end users, such as individuals and communities. In 2021, the Torres Strait Islanders Research to Policy and Practice Hub (the Hub) at James Cook University designed and implemented several strategies, including a games-based interactive workshop with representatives from nongovernment organizations (NGOs). Feedback suggests the workshop and associated activities were a success.

Objective

We describe knowledge translation (KT) and implementation planning to design and implement strategies to increase awareness and understanding of NGOs in research governance.

Methods

This descriptive study involved representatives from NGOs on Thursday Island in the Torres Strait. We collected data from a literature review and informal discussions. We used several models and frameworks to guide our approach and underpin data collection and analysis.

Results

Designing and implementing strategies to increase awareness and understanding of NGOs in the Torres Strait to govern research involved several key steps: (1) identifying and defining what needed to change and who needed to change, (2) identifying and mapping barriers and facilitators, (3) selecting the most appropriate strategies to support change, (4) implementing activities, and (5) monitoring and evaluating our approach. We developed a program logic to understand and communicate to others how we would implement activities and what resources would be required to support this process. We drew on several evidence-based KT and implementation models and frameworks to do this. First, a KT planning template was used to inform what evidence we wanted to mobilize, to whom, and for what purpose. Based on this step, we recognized we wanted to bring about change with the target audience, and as such, we drew on the previously mentioned implementation planning models and frameworks. We collated the outcomes from these initial steps.

Conclusions

Our KT and implementation practice experience were successful. Encouraging researchers and end users to adopt similar practices requires investment in training and development of KT and implementation practice. This also entails modifying research standards and guidelines to include KT and implementation practice when working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and other vulnerable groups, creating incentives for researchers and end users to embed KT and implementation practice in research, and recognizing and rewarding the benefits and impact beyond publication and presentation.
EVALUATION OF DELIRIUM IN ELDERLY HOSPITALISED PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: BEHERA BIJAYA KUMAR , TRIPATHY SUSMITA , JALI SIBA NARAYAN , NAIK M RADHA KRISHNA , BEHERA NISARG
Published: October 2022

Objective: Delirium is common in older hospitalized patients and may indicate a life- threatening condition, where a prompt and appropriate evaluation is required for assessment and prevention of the disease which should be done at the time of admission and continue throughout the hospital stay. The present study was undertaken to evaluate delirium in elderly (>65 years) hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital and to monitor outcome after 1 month.
Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of General Medicine of M.K.C.G. Medical College and hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India from August 2019 to September 2021. After clinical evaluation and diagnosis as delirium patients using (confusion assessment method) score, 50 patients (65 years and above) were selected for the study. Patients with dementia, any psychiatric condition, trauma, intoxication, and poisoning were excluded from the study. They were evaluated for etiology and then followed up for 1 month for outcome.
Results: In this present study of 50 patients, 33 were male and 17 were female. About 64% belong to age group 65–75 years. Most common type of delirium was hyperactive (40%). The most common etiologies were hyponatremia (38%), infection (22%), and cerebrovascular accident (16%). Majority of population had both type 2DM (diabetes mellitus) and HTN (Hypertension) (38%). Overall recovery rate was better in metabolic causes (89.4%), most fatal was uremia followed by intracranial bleed. Lower (Glasgow coma scale) score at the time of admission indicates poor prognosis.
Conclusion: Delirium in elderly patients is a medical emergency which needs prompt diagnosis and evaluation helping the family and physicians for better management with a good prognosis.
PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: Gupta Abha , Saraswat Ashish , Mehta Abhishek
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence and spectrum of intestinal parasitic infestations among the patients attending the associated hospital with complaints of abdominal pain and diarrhea.
Methods: A total of 117 stool samples were collected and screened for intestinal parasitic infection. Plastic containers with identification numbers were given to the patients, and information regarding name, age, sex, ward, and findings of stool routine microscopy were recorded. All samples were examined macroscopically for appearance, color, and the presence of blood and mucus then analyzed using direct microscopy for the presence of intestinal parasites.
Results: It was found that intestinal parasitic infections were mainly attributed to Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Giardia lamblia which are pretty prevalent in the region of the study.
Conclusion: It was found that intestinal parasitic infections were mainly attributed to E. histolytica, A. lumbricoides, and G. lamblia which are pretty prevalent in the region of the study.
PREGNANCY OUTCOME AND EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF OFFSPRING IN WOMEN WITH EPILEPSY
Authors: VASANTHY BEENA , DOMINIC MARIA ROSE , PARAMESWARAN NAIR VIJAYAN CHANDRATHIL
Published: October 2022

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of pregnancy and early development of offspring, in women with epilepsy (WWE) who were receiving and not receiving anti-epileptic drugs (AED).
Methods: Women with epilepsy who delivered in a teaching hospital (n=60), between November 2017 and October 2018, were identified from the delivery records (n=5202) and their infants (n=39) underwent developmental assessment by Baroda development screening test. Maternal epilepsy syndrome, AEDs during pregnancy, and other details were obtained from medical records and interview.
Results: Fourteen mothers received monotherapy, 15 polytherapy and 10 mothers were not taking any AED. There were four major congenital malformations (MCM) among 39 babies. Two were cardiac malformations; one was complex anomaly, caused death in neonate and other was ventricular septal defect (VSD). Both occurred in babies of mothers receiving clobazam in combination with oxcarbazepine and levetiracetam, respectively. There were two urological anomalies in babies unexposed to AEDs. When mothers were receiving monotherapy (14), normal Development Quotient score (DQ score) was observed in 11 babies, but low DQ score was observed in three. In the polytherapy group (15), normal DQ scores were found in five and low DQ in nine (one baby died neonatally). Among the group who were unexposed to AED (10), normal DQ score was found in eight, but low DQ in two (in the antenatal period mother of one of the low DQ babies reported frequent major seizures).
Conclusion: Clobazam therapy is a risk factor for developing MCM in babies of WWE. Oxcarbazepine, monotherapy or polytherapy, and Clobazam polytherapy are risk factors for low DQ scores in the offspring of WWE. Polytherapy and frequent seizures during pregnancy are also risk factors for low DQ scores. Widely used drugs which were considered safe demonstrated adverse effects in offspring. Even though sample size is small, it is a matter of concern and curiosity.
PRE DONATION DEFERRAL PATTERN AMONG BLOOD DONORS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, AJMER, RAJASTHAN
Authors: MEENA GOKUL CHAND , BEELWAL DINESH , TAILOR SHASHI BHUSHAN , SUNARIA RAVI KANT
Published: October 2022

Objective: Analyze pattern of blood donor deferral in our hospital and provide safe and adequate blood and blood products to patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on analysis of deferred donors of blood from January 2021 to December 2021 over 1 year was conducted in a zonal blood center in J.L.N. hospital, Ajmer.
Results: During the study period, a total of 14104 blood donors were registered. Out of these, 13587 were males and 517 were females. Among males, 12,655 donated blood and 932 were deferred for several reasons. Among females, 341 donated blood and 176 were deferred. The total no of donors deferred was 1108. Real deferral rate was 7.85%.
Conclusion: Donors who do not meet the selection criteria should be deferred on a temporary or permanent basis. All deferred donors should be treated with respect and care in a confidential manner and should be given a clear explanation of the reason for deferral and an opportunity to ask questions. Donors are less likely to return to donate blood if unclear or unsatisfactory information is given about the reason for deferral. Counseling of deferred blood donors could enhance the compliance of donors to seek follow-up medical care.
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS DUE TO ACADEMIC STRESS AMONG FIRST YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS OF GOVERNMENT MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL OF PATIALA
Authors: BANGA NEELAM , KAUR HARPREET , SINGH SUKHWINDER , SINGH RAJINDERPAL
Published: October 2022

Objective: Numerous studies have shown that mental distress is a common problem among medical students. The impact of medical student psychological distress on academic performance has not been systematically examined. This study provided an opportunity to explore problems faced by struggling undergraduate 1st-year medical students and the influence of demographics and academic distress on these rates of distress.to assess the level of mental distress and associated factors among medical students.
Methods: The study was conducted on medical students at Government Medical College and Hospital, Patiala. Data were collected from 154 consenting 1st-year medical students using a three-part structured, self-administered questionnaire (Part I: Background Data, Part II: The 20- item Self Reporting Questionnaire [SRQ-20] English version, and Part III: Academic Stress Score [ASS-40]).
Results: Analysis shows that 35.06% of the sample is experiencing high levels of psychological distress. Results further suggests that psychological distress is related to perceived health and academic stress. There were no significant differences in gender and other demographic variables.
Conclusions: The study shows that the prevalence of mental distress among medical students at medical college is higher than that reported by students of other streams. Continued supportive interventions for medical students and proper counseling and mentorship programs are highly recommended.
CINEMA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES: PRÁTICAS E DISCUSSÕES SOBRE SAÚDE
Authors: Da Silva Pauletti Eloisa , Santos Eliane Gonçalves dos
Published: October 2022

O texto apresenta como temática o uso do cinema no ensino. Essa pesquisa objetivou analisar a utilização do cinema nos processos formativos de professores, com enfoque na temática saúde, nas dissertações e teses produzidas na pós-graduação brasileira. Para tanto, realizamos uma investigação do tipo estado do conhecimento na plataforma Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Dissertações e Teses (BDTD). O corpus de pesquisa foi composto por 12 trabalhos, sendo 5 teses e 7 dissertações. A partir da análise de conteúdo emergiram duas categorias: i) cinema como ferramenta pedagógica na formação de professores, a qual discorre sobre o processo formativo e a utilização do cinema como metodologia didática no ensino para debater diferentes assuntos; e, ii) ensino de ciência e a utilização do cinema na discussão do tema saúde, diretamente ligada ao uso do cinema em sala de aula e ambientes formativos na discussão do tema saúde. Ainda são recentes as pesquisas que tratam dos filmes para o trabalho com as questões de saúde. Cabe destacar que o uso do cinema no ensino oportuniza a aprendizagem, quando proposto pelo viés investigativo.
Analysis of Standardization and Guidelines for Facility Condition Assessments
Authors: Hillestad Derek , Sullivan Kenneth , Hurtado Kristen , Ayer Steven , Smithwick Jake
Published: October 2022

Facility Condition Assessments (FCA's) in the facility management (FM) profession is a growing area of research. However, delivery methods of FCA projects and studies on standardization has largely not been a focus of further exploration. Thus, this research aims to identify a current state of academic research on standardization of condition assessments and FM practitioner perspectives on FCA delivery methods and standardization. Results revealed 75% of participants indicated that no standards were used in conducting their FCA. This study identifies underutilization of standards and guidelines to conduct an FCA and leads to the proposal of three FCA project delivery methods; 1. Conduct FCA's with in-house personnel and resources; 2. Outsource the FCA to a service provider; 3. Hybrid the approach with both in-house and contracted FCA service providers. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing FCA project delivery methods for owners and or operators to consider when deciding to pursue an FCA project. Further, the apparent absence of standards and guidelines use in the practice of FCA's in the FM profession presents an opportunity for future research efforts towards FCA standardization.
Current problems and further reformation of the institute for assessing the effectiveness of executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, ULADIEV ULADI
Published: October 2022

The article examines the current problems of the institute for assessing the effectiveness of the executive authorities of the constituent entities, as well as suggestions for improving the legislation in this direction. The author examines the absence of evaluation criteria in the regulatory framework related to the regional authorities’ response to emergencies, as well as measures aimed at assessing the effectiveness of interactions between state authorities and local government and the overall effectiveness of implementing national projects and state programs. The author gives a prediction for further transformation of the “digital maturity” indicator. According to the author, it is necessary to introduce a differentiated system of criteria for evaluating constituent entities, combining primary evaluation indicators and specific regional criteria. These criteria should be formed based on the priority of the current tasks of the subject, as well as the specifics of the territory of a particular region. To determine the strategic directions of development, it is necessary to introduce individual coefficients, which, in turn, requires a thorough analysis of the socio-economic development and potential of the region. This requires relying on the indicators of the regional gross product. Assessment of the growth rate in the region, considering its characteristics and available resources, will allow to determine the necessary resources to achieve management objectives and the degree of control over the use of resources.
Fiscal federalism and directions for its improvement in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, ISAEVA ANNA
Published: October 2022

The article describes the specifics of Russian federalism and the main directions to improve federal relations in the Russian Federation. Historically, inter-budget relationships have been created as a result establishing the relationships between budget regulators at three levels of management. These relations made it possible to maintain the necessary level of financial and administrative security for each of the subjects of budgetary relations within the territory of a single state. In Russia, the emergence of these relationships took place at the beginning of democratization, which became an integral part of the socio-economic and political development of the state. The creation of a new legal framework contributed to the separation and distribution of budgetary powers between the federal bodies of state authority, bodies of authority in the subjects of the Russian Federation, and local authorities. However, all the positive effects had to be systematized and formalized at the legislative level in the form of a regulatory legal act. This document was supposed to take into account aspects related to the distribution of income revenues to the budgets of the three levels of state planning and management. The system of budgetary relations of the Russian Federation has changed; this was characterized by the allocation of levels of budget planning and the division of roles between the elements of the system. Fiscal federalism is one of the most important components of the federal system of the state. Due to the presence of a properly structured system of fiscal federalism, the state can influence the process of economic growth, to determine the further strategy of development of the financial, economic, and social profile of the regions.
Creating a class of energy prosumers as a goal of state policy in the field of renewable energy regulation
Authors:   Public Joint Stock Company “Transneft”, BUCHNEV ALEXANDER
Published: October 2022

Using the international experience gained during the development of renewable energy sources (RES), we can now talk about the socio-economic importance of projects in this area, especially at levels of implementation close to the individual. Given the positioning of renewable energy sources in Russia as an instrument to solve energy and environmental issues, it is necessary to assess the new opportunities for RES’s positive impact on the economy and society, as well as its more intensive development subject to the current potential of non-renewable energy sources. The author considers the general trends of global leaders in energy consumption in the ratio of capacity for renewable and non-renewable energy. Creating a class of energy prosumers combining the functions of energy production and consumption based on renewable energy technologies is one of the priority tasks for the state energy policy. Having analyzed the regulatory framework in the field of microgeneration as well as the market for the relevant equipment, the author proposes ways to stimulate this activity, which, with the effective involvement of the population, might serve as a factor for endogenous economic growth. In addition, microgeneration based on RES is considered the primary method of ranking regions for federal stimulation of renewable energy development. Having studied the factor of attracting non-core investors in the energy sector, the author assessed the importance of ESG criteria and proposed to create a dedicated national system for supervision over the non-financial criteria used to evaluate investment projects.
Democratic traditions of the Russian presidenture in the context of the 2020 constitutional reform
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, KURDANOVA MADINA
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of the post of the President of the Russian Federation and the constitutional parameters of his relationship with the legislative, executive and judicial authorities. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the importance of the constitutional reforms carried out in 2020, the lack of significant number of scientific assessments of the results of the reform, the prospects for changing the principles of work of public authorities based on its results. Based on generally accepted scientific methods, based on the results of the analysis, it is substantiated that the 2020 constitutional reform introduced a number of new elements into the constitutional mechanism for the separation of powers without affecting its fundamental foundations. In support of this conclusion, a historical excursion is dedicated to the establishment of presidential rule in Russia in the conditions of centrifugal tendencies of the perestroika period, revealed the differences in the “late Soviet” ideas about the functional composition of the powers of the head of state, showed the main milestones in the evolution of doctrinal judgments about the role of the president in the constitutional mechanism of separation of powers, developed in the modern period. The article examines the features of the constitutional reform that took place, assesses the strategy of targeted adjustments to constitutional norms, developed with the direct participation of the President of Russia Vladimir V. Putin. Attention is also paid to the sociological dimension of support for the constitutional initiatives of the head of state, as well as a special procedure for their legitimization. Positive assesses are given the establishment of a mechanism for the implementation of preliminary constitutional review, since this strengthens the guaranteeing function of the head of state and his powers as a guarantor of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens. In the context of limiting the period of tenure of the head of state by two constitutional terms, the adopted decisions serve as a condition for increasing the protection of citizens. In addition, they help to prevent a possible political crisis in the context of disagreements between the parliament and the head of state. The approval of amendments to the constitutional text at the all-Russian vote became an act of real democracy, which guaranteed the stable development of the country and civil society. The procedure of the all-Russian voting as a form of direct democracy has prospects for further use in electoral law. All-Russian voting has no historical analogues, but the experience of its holding has shown that in modern conditions a new democratic electoral standard can be formed.
Cooperation between ESCEG and RANEPA on competence training for the directors of digital transformation
Authors:   Higher School of State and Government Cadres of Cuba, FERNANDEZ MERCEDES , PENTON ANA ,   Higher School of State and Government Cadres of Cuba, PORTAL JOSÉ ,   Higher School of State and Government Cadres of Cuba
Published: October 2022

This article highlights the contribution of the ESCEG – RANEPA collaboration for training managers in digital transformation skills. The authors emphasize the priority that the governments of Cuba and the Russian Federation give to the processes of digital transformation. The article demonstrates the main actions, results, and forecasts in international cooperation between the universities. As part of international cooperation, the Higher School of State and Government Cadres of Cuba and the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) are developing and implementing programs aimed at training civil servants and officials, acquiring the skills and competencies needed to manage the processes of digital transformation. Considering the experience of the Russian Federation in the processes of digital transformation of public administration and the actions taken by the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA) in the development of management programs to educate civil servants and help them acquire the necessary skills to develop these processes, the Higher School of State and Government Cadres of Cuba (ESCEG) is now introducing these practices into own training courses. Higher School of State and Government Cadres of Cuba began a collaboration with RANEPA on September 17, 2019, which was consolidated by signing a Memorandum of Cooperation. This agreement refers to joint work in the areas of public administration and business, training of senior managers, as well as strengthening friendship between the parties. Despite the challenging epidemiological situation caused by COVID-19, cooperation is developing actively using remote technologies and is supported by the highest officials in the Russian Federation and Cuba.
Artificial intelligence in public administration and its transparency: European experience
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, CHERESHNEVA IRINA
Published: October 2022

The article examines the legal features of artificial intelligence technology (hereinafter – AI) and the rapid digital transformation that causes the increased interest in this topic. Emerging and developing in the private sector, it is also taking shape in the sphere of public interest. In this regard, we need to conduct a thorough analysis of this technology, considering that, both directly and indirectly, AI technology can cause human rights violations. The author notes that the objective side of transparency can be expressed by the following triad of parameters: explainability, comprehensibility, and accessibility; the subjective component can be represented by the human right to an explanation of the obtained AI result (algorithm). To this extent, the right to an explanation should be classified as a digital human right. The author concludes that neither excessive regulation nor complete non-interference is appropriate or functional in developing and managing AI technologies. The article proposes to facilitate further testing of the possibility and conditions of AI technology applications, including in public administration, as part of the experimental legal regime in the area of digital innovations. In this context, the author analyzed the experience of data processing in the public administration of the European Union, which has traditionally paid increased attention to human rights and data protection. The article is based on the research work carried out within the framework of the state assignment of RANEPA.
Problems of regulating activities aimed at providing state and municipal services during a complex epidemic situation
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Management, a branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, ANDRONYAK IVAN
Published: October 2022

The article examines the process of providing state and municipal services during the spread of new coronavirus infections. The author describes the stages of legal acts regulating the provision of state and municipal services (obtaining a driver’s license, the validity of expired documents), new services (monthly payments to families with children, additional benefits for child support, monthly payments of child support, payments to doctors, registering benefits for loss of employment), and mechanisms for their implementation, including the development of the public services portal (“Gosuslugi”). The article outlines promising areas for improvement in the current field. These include developing the digital potential in providing state and municipal services by minimizing in-person visits to the multi-functional centers and reducing the bureaucratization of specific processes. Modernizing current legislation, focusing on expanding opportunities for citizens to exercise their social rights. Developing alternative mechanisms to provide state and municipal services (courier delivery for documents, mobile service centers, remote provision of services via video communication in addition to modern means of visual identification). Optimizing multi-functional centers and increasing the range of tasks and services by improving the quality of work and reducing the time required to process applications. Creating universal and secure interdepartmental Data Bank. Creating nationwide system for monitoring state and municipal services.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the security system in state-owned companies using value-based management approach
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, TOLPEGINA OLGA , ZAVITAEVA ELVARA ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: October 2022

The article considers a methodology which allows us to obtain the final assessment of the efficiency level and the dynamics of changes in the parameters that characterize the efficiency of the safety system functioning (value direction outlined in the development paradigm of the State Corporation “Rosatom”, Russian state holding uniting more than 360 enterprises of the nuclear industry, which directly initiated the creation of the methodology). The study uses the decomposition principle of the global goal with its division into separate specific tasks. The study and evaluation of the effectiveness of the safety systems, efficiency of industrial, environmental safety, labor protection, and the capability for its sustainable development are carried out by functional subsystems and objects of evaluation using traditional and integral indicators. Evaluation methodology using particular criterial boundaries of effectiveness from ambitious to low effectiveness, as well as with the assignment of parameters of significance involves the inclusion in each evaluation unit both traditional and integral authors’ indicators when the complexity is determined by the research subject and the described process in its formation and development. This methodology allows us to obtain a final assessment of the effectiveness level and dynamics of change in the value area “The efficiency of the security system”. The versatility of this methodology allows it to be used for both large corporations and small enterprises on a reduced set of indicators.
Basic mechanisms and principles of lending in commercial banks of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Bank of Russia Chief Inspection, TITOVA EKATERINA
Published: October 2022

The article presents the results of analyzing the characteristics of the basic mechanisms and principles of lending in Russian commercial banks. The study highlights the fact that understanding the practical principles and mechanisms of lending can allow us to identify activities aimed at ensuring the effective operation of credit institutions in loan financing. The paper considers the basic principles of lending in commercial banks of the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the role of each principle in ensuring the effectiveness of banking organizations in terms of lending to the population and businesses. The article considers the main mechanisms of organizing the lending process in Russian commercial banks. The amount of interest on loans depends on many factors. However, the main indicator is the level of the discount refinancing rate set by the Bank of Russia. Therefore, the country’s commercial banks refer to these indicators to set their interest rates for lending. The lower the loan interest rate, the more financially stable the monetary market conditions. If there are negative trends or lending risks, the level of interest rate increases while respecting the principal payment. Compliance with the principles and mechanisms of lending provides financial stability for commercial banks in the monetary and credit market.