bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Exit Time and Entropy on Asset Performance Evaluation
Authors: Ghasemi Doudkanlou Mohammad , Chandro Prokash , Banihashemi Shokoofeh
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study is to evaluate assets’ performance by considering the exit time within the risk measurement framework alongside Shannon entropy and, alternatively, excluding these factors, which can be used to create a portfolio aligned with short- or long-term objectives. This portfolio effectively balances the potential risks and returns, guiding investors to make decisions that are in line with their financial goals. To assess the performance, we used data envelopment analysis (DEA), whereby we utilized the risk measure as an input and the mean return as an output. The stop point probability–CVaR (SPP-CVaR) was the risk measurement used when considering the exit time. We calculated the SPP-CVaR by converting the risk-neutral density to the real-world density, calibrating the parameters, running simulations for price paths, setting the stop-profit points, determining the exit times, and calculating the SPP-CVaR for each stop-profit point. To account for negative data and to incorporate the exit time, we have proposed a model that integrates the mean return and SPP-CVaR, utilizing DEA. The resulting inefficiency scores of this model were compared with those of the mean-CVaR model, which calculates the risk across the entire time horizon and does not take the exit time and Shannon entropy into account. To accomplish this, an analysis was conducted on a portfolio that included a variety of stocks, cryptocurrencies, commodities, and precious metals. The empirical application demonstrated the enhancement of asset selection for both short-term and long-term investments through the combined use of Shannon entropy and the exit time.
Special Class Provision in Ireland: Where We Have Come from and Where We Might Go
Authors: Travers Joseph
Published: August 2023

Ireland’s ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) raises questions about the future role of special schools and classes in the country. Internationally, Ireland has had a relatively low number of students in separate educational provision at just over 2% of the student population. However, there has been a large increase in special class provision in mainstream schools that warrants critique. This paper analyses the history of special class provision in Ireland to suggest a possible developmental role for such classes in moving towards a greater whole school inclusion.
XSC—An eXplainable Image Segmentation and Classification Framework: A Case Study on Skin Cancer
Authors: Pintelas Emmanuel , Livieris Ioannis E.
Published: August 2023

Within the field of computer vision, image segmentation and classification serve as crucial tasks, involving the automatic categorization of images into predefined groups or classes, respectively. In this work, we propose a framework designed for simultaneously addressing segmentation and classification tasks in image-processing contexts. The proposed framework is composed of three main modules and focuses on providing transparency, interpretability, and explainability in its operations. The first two modules are used to partition the input image into regions of interest, allowing the automatic and interpretable identification of segmentation regions using clustering techniques. These segmentation regions are then analyzed to select those considered valuable by the user for addressing the classification task. The third module focuses on classification, using an explainable classifier, which relies on hand-crafted transparent features extracted from the selected segmentation regions. By leveraging only the selected informative regions, the classification model is made more reliable and less susceptible to misleading information. The proposed framework’s effectiveness was evaluated in a case study on skin-cancer-segmentation and -classification benchmarks. The experimental analysis highlighted that the proposed framework exhibited comparable performance with the state-of-the-art deep-learning approaches, which implies its efficiency, considering the fact that the proposed approach is also interpretable and explainable.
Oriented Object Detection in Remote Sensing Using an Enhanced Feature Pyramid Network
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Zhou Wei , Wang Kun , He Bing , Fu Ying , Wu Xi , Zhou Jiliu
Published: August 2023

Object detection in remote sensing images is a critical task within the field of remote sensing image interpretation and analysis, serving as a fundamental foundation for military surveillance and traffic guidance. Recently, although many object detection algorithms have been improved to adapt to the characteristics of remote sensing images and have achieved good performance, most of them still use horizontal bounding boxes, which struggle to accurately mark targets with multiple angles and dense arrangements in remote sensing images. We propose an oriented bounding box optical remote sensing image object detection method based on an enhanced feature pyramid, and add an attention module to suppress background noise. To begin with, we incorporate an angle prediction module that accurately locates the detection target. Subsequently, we design an enhanced feature pyramid network, utilizing deformable convolutions and feature fusion modules to enhance the feature information of rotating targets and improve the expressive capacity of features at all levels. The proposed algorithm in this paper performs well on the public DOTA dataset and HRSC2016 dataset, compared with other object detection methods, and the detection accuracy AP values of most object categories are improved by at least three percentage points. The results show that our method can accurately locate densely arranged and dynamically oriented targets, significantly reducing the risk of missing detections, and achieving higher levels of target detection accuracy.
Comparative Analysis of Fire and Explosion Properties of Lycopodium Powder
Authors: Kukfisz Bożena , Dowbysz Adriana , Samsonowicz Mariola , Markowska Dorota , Maranda Andrzej
Published: August 2023

Lycopodium (L.) clavatum powder, due to its uniform particle size distribution and low equilibrium moisture content, is often used as a reference material and a calibration benchmark for dust combustion and dust explosion studies. The aim of the study was to determine its fire and explosion parameters, compare them to values obtained in the previous literature findings, and assess the appropriateness of using lycopodium powder as a reference material. The research included the determination of minimum ignition temperatures of dust layer and dust clouds, spontaneous ignition behavior, and explosion characteristics of dust clouds including maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of explosion pressure rise, and the lower explosion limit of the air/dust mixture. The results reveal that the maximum equipment temperature used with lycopodium dust should not exceed 215 °C for dust thickness up to 5 mm. In order to eliminate the risk of lycopodium dust ignition, the temperature of the equipment surfaces that can come into contact with the dust cloud should not exceed 300 °C. In order to prevent explosions, the concentration of lycopodium dust in air should not be greater than 15 g/m3. Based on the obtained results, it can be seen that lycopodium fire and explosion parameters vary slightly, and its usage as a benchmark is considered legitimate.
Analysis and Comparison of Two Kinds of Design Approaches for Volutes of Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Gou Qiuqin , Xiao Shide , Wang Tao , Yan Jing
Published: August 2023

It is a commonly used method to design volutes for centrifugal pumps by applying statistical data. Different statistical analyses were performed by various pump technicians based on different pump samples and data-processing methodologies. When the performance parameters at the design point of a pump w given, differences in the geometrical parameters and hydraulic characteristics of the finalized volute may exist if different statistical data are applied in the volute design procedure. Two types of typical statistical data extensively used by engineers for volute design were described systematically. As the wetted perimeters of volute sections and volute inlet width are considered two key parameters that have a considerable impact on the hydraulic performance of pumps, one type of statistical data introduced a new shape of volute sections to reduce the wetted perimeter and friction area. In the second type of statistical data, the volute inlet width could be governed by designers to improve flow behavior at the volute entrance. To compare the energy-saving effects of the two types of volute design guidelines, the models of the wet parts of three pumps with different design flows and heads were established. Then, two-volute models were designed and manufactured for each impeller using two-volute statistical data, and the internal flow field of the three pumps under multiple working conditions was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. The numerical results show that the head and efficiency can be improved using a shorter cross-section wet volute under the same impeller conditions. The influence of the wetted perimeters of the volute sections on the pump performances is more remarkable than that originating from the volute inlet width. The results of this research also show that the statistical data containing the above design principles should be promoted.
DC Circuit Breaker Evolution, Design, and Analysis
Authors: Moradian Mehdi , Lie Tek Tjing , Gunawardane Kosala
Published: August 2023

While traditional AC mechanical circuit breakers can protect AC circuits, many other DC power distribution technologies, such as DC microgrids (MGs), yield superior disruption performance, e.g., faster and more reliable switching speeds. However, novel DC circuit breaker (DCCB) designs are challenging due to the need to quickly break high currents within milliseconds, caused by the high fault current rise in DC grids compared to AC grids. In DC grids, the circuit breaker must not provide any current crossing and must absorb surges, since the arc is not naturally extinguished by the system. Additionally, the DC breaker must mitigate the magnetic energy stored in the system inductance and withstand residual overvoltages after current interruption. These challenges require a fundamentally different topology for DCCBs, which are typically made using solid-state semiconductor technology, metal oxide varistors (MOVs), and ultra-fast switches. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the development, design, and performance of DCCBs and an analysis of internal topology, the energy absorption path, and subcircuits in solid-state (SS)-based DCCBs. The research explores various novel designs that introduce different structures for an energy dissipation solution. The classification of these designs is based on the fundamental principles of surge mitigation and a detailed analysis of the techniques employed in DCCBs. In addition, our framework offers an advantageous reference point for the future evolution of SS circuit breakers in numerous developing power delivery systems.
The Application of Tunable Magnetic Devices in Electrical Power Systems with Adaptive Features
Authors: Gwóźdź Michał
Published: August 2023

This work is devoted to possible implementation of tunable magnetic devices in electrical systems with adaptive properties. The basic idea, underlying operation of the presented magnetic device, depends on interaction of two (or more) magnetic fluxes in a quasi-linear range of ferromagnetic core characteristics. This is a new approach to the design of such magnetic elements; typically, saturation phenomenon of the ferromagnetic core of an inductor is used to change a value of its inductance. The good examples of adaptive electrical power systems can be devices for improving a quality of electrical energy. When used in compensators of reactive and a distortion power (or a reactive power only), tunable magnetic devices clearly offer wider possibilities for the compensation, compared to solutions, using compensators based on fixed magnetic elements. However, the application of the proposed tunable device in an adaptive compensator is only one example of its possible use in an electrical power area. In this work, the following issues are presented: exemplary solution of the adaptive passive compensator, basics of operation of tunable magnetic device, and test results of the experimental model of an electrical system with such a device.
Energy Market Transition and Climate Change: A Review of TSOs-DSOs C+++ Framework from 1800 to Present
Authors: Gabash Aouss
Published: August 2023

In response to the pressing global challenges around climate change and the imperative of transitioning the energy market towards sustainability, this paper presents a comprehensive review starting from the late 18th century. The study examines the pivotal role of Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs) in shaping the evolving energy landscape, with a specific emphasis on the C+++ Framework. This framework emphasizes coordination, cooperation, and collaboration between TSOs and DSOs to achieve sustainable energy systems through the integration of renewable energy technologies, storage systems, and efficient energy demand management. In addition, the review provides a historical overview of global warming from 1800 to the present, highlighting key events and developments related to greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the paper delves into the significance of international agreements such as the Paris Agreement and the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions for a sustainable future. Recognizing the vital role of the C+++ Framework, the paper concludes with a discussion of future hybrid sustainable technologies incorporating various storage and efficient lighting technologies that can optimize energy management and reduce carbon emissions. This research aims to contribute valuable insights to inform energy policy and decision-making processes for a reliable, efficient, and sustainable energy delivery system.
Financial Interdependence: A Social Perspective
Authors: Anvari-Clark Jeffrey , Miller Julie
Published: August 2023

Financial interdependence refers to the practice of sharing money as an expression of mutuality. Forms of financial interdependence are often rooted in cultural norms and values and may be carried out as a commitment to the well-being of the family through financial transfers, practiced as informal savings groups, or even established as legally constructed agreements. Financial interdependence can result in either beneficial or harmful outcomes, depending upon the nature of the relationships and the available resources. As a social and cultural concept, it has been generally neglected in the discourse on financial independence, yet it has important implications for society as a basis for collective prosperity.
Positioning Theory in Education
Authors: Felix Sonia Martins , Ali Sikunder
Published: August 2023

Positioning theory is a social theorization that aims to capture the dynamic analysis of conversations and discourses taking place in a social setting. Conversations as part of language assume interlocutors. As one engages in the interactive speech acts in the social setting, there comes the importance of interlocutors involved in these speech acts in creating a social reality, as language forms the knowledge of reality. Certain types of rights and duties can be observed in interactions between speakers and hearers in a social communicative context of interlocutors. The cluster of rights and duties, recognized in a certain social setting, can be termed as a position. One of the critical aspects is that positions are not always intentional or even conscious. Therefore, positioning theory has been redefined as a method of analysis with a focus on storylines. Storylines reveal implicit ascriptions and resistances of rights and duties through the performance of a variety of actions in a social setting where appropriateness of social acts are established and recognized by the participants engaged within the social situation. The education setting presents a dynamic situation where a variety of moral orders come into actions that set possibilities for different actors to engage in shifting positioning to accomplish certain educational actions. This entry presents the use of positioning theory in an educational setting.
Mangrove Health: A Review of Functions, Threats, and Challenges Associated with Mangrove Management Practices
Authors: Akram Hina , Hussain Shoaib , Mazumdar Purabi , Chua Kah Ooi , Butt Talib E. , Harikrishna Jennifer Ann
Published: August 2023

Mangroves stand out as one of the most diverse and biologically significant natural systems in the world. Playing critical roles in maintaining the health and productivity of coastal ecosystems, mangroves provide a range of services and functions, including habitat for local fauna and flora, food and other goods, carbon sequestration, and protection from natural disasters such as storm surges and coastal erosion. It is also evident that mangroves face several threats, which have already led to the gradual depletion of mangrove areas worldwide. Based on the analysis of current and related historical literature and data, this review summarises mangrove functions and the threats and challenges associated with mangrove management practices. Our findings suggest that coastal development, expanded aquaculture, deforestation, climate change, and other associated implications such as eutrophication, diseases, and pollution are the major factors posing threats to mangrove sustainability. We also highlight the various challenges, such as land use conflict, a lack of stringent regulatory actions, inadequate policy and government frameworks, and a lack of community awareness, that underlie ineffective mangrove management. The implementation of inclusive and coordinated approaches involving stakeholders from different backgrounds and interests, governmental and non-governmental organisations, and academia is essential for mangrove restoration and sustainable mangrove management by adapting mitigation strategies.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Vegetation Response to Runoff in the Ebinur Lake Basin
Authors: Yao Chenglong , Wang Yuejian , Yang Guang , Xia Baofei , Tong Yongpeng , Yao Junqiang , Chen Huanhuan
Published: August 2023

The response of spatial and temporal vegetation changes to runoff is a complex process involving the interaction of several factors and mechanisms. Timely and accurate vegetation and runoff change information is an important reference for the water cycle and water resource security. The Ebinur Lake Basin is representative of arid areas worldwide. This basin has been affected by climate change and human activities for a long time, resulting in the destruction of the basin’s ecological environment, and especially its vegetation. However, there have been few studies that have focused on watershed vegetation and runoff changes. Therefore, we combined Generalized Information System and remote sensing technology, used SWAT and InVEST models based on the Google Earth Engine platform, and used the vegetation normalization index method to calculate the spatial distribution of vegetation and water production from 2000 to 2020 in Ebinur Lake. Sen’s trend analysis and the M–K test were used to calculate vegetation and runoff trends. The relationship between vegetation and runoff variation was studied using bivariate spatial autocorrelation based on sub-basins and plant types. The results showed that the Z parameter in the InVEST model spanned from 1–2. The spatial distribution of the water yield in a watershed is similar to the elevation of the watershed, showing a trend of higher altitude leading to a higher water yield. Its water yield capacity tends to saturate at elevations greater than 3500 m. The local spatial distribution of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) values and water yield clustering in the watershed were consistent and reproducible. Interannual runoff based on sub-basins correlated positively with the overall NDVI, whereas interannual runoff based on plant type correlated negatively with the overall NDVI.
Interpreting the Response of Forest Stock Volume with Dual Polarization SAR Images in Boreal Coniferous Planted Forest in the Non-Growing Season
Authors: Zheng Huanna , Long Jiangping , Zang Zhuo , Lin Hui , Liu Zhaohua , Zhang Tingchen , Yang Peisong
Published: August 2023

Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) images with dual polarization modes have great potential to map forest stock volume (FSV) by excellent penetration capabilities and distinct microwave scattering processes. However, the response of these SAR data to FSV is still uncertain in the non-growing season. To further interpret the response of FSV to different dual polarization SAR images, three types of dual polarization SAR images (GF-3, Sentinel-1, and ALOS-2) were initially acquired in coniferous planted forest in the non-growing season. Then, sensitivity between FSV and all alternative features extracted from each type of SAR image was analyzed to express the response of FSV to dual polarization SAR images with bands and polarization modes in the non-growing season in deciduous (Larch) and evergreen (Chinese pine) forests. Finally, mapped FSV using single and combined dual polarization images were derived by optimal feature sets and four machine learning models, respectively. The combined effects were also analyzed to clarify the difference of bands and polarization modes in deciduous and evergreen forests in the non-growing season. The results demonstrated that the backscattering energy from different sensors is significantly different in Chinese pine, and the difference is gradually reduced in Larch forests. It is also implied that the polarization mode is more important than penetration capability in mapping forest FSV in deciduous forest in the non-growing season. By comparing the accuracy of mapped FSV using single and combined images, combined images have more capability to improve the accuracy and reliability of mapped FSV. Meanwhile, it is confirmed that compensation effects with bands and polarization modes not only have great potential to delay the saturation phenomenon, but also have the capability to reduce errors caused by overestimation.
Source to Sink of Lignin Phenols in a Subtropical Forest of Southwest China
Authors: Qian Zongyao , Fan Zi , Peng Wanxia , Du Hu , Hu Peilei
Published: August 2023

In biodiverse forest ecosystems, plant diversity has been reported to increase plant-derived lignin accumulation and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. However, little is known about the fate of lignin and its degradation dynamics from plant to soil. This process is critical for the formation of SOC, especially in natural forest ecosystems with diverse plant species. This study presents the lignin biomarker characteristics of several common plant species and in mixed litter. The study was conducted in 45 plots along a plant species diversity gradient in a subtropical forest located in southwest China. Our results demonstrate that lignin content and its biochemical characteristics in plant leaves vary among species, while different plant species also alter the content of lignin and its monomeric compounds in the litter. Lignin compounds are gradually disintegrated from plant leaf to litter and then to soil, further indicating that plant-derived lignin from plant sources contributes to the formation and accumulation of forest SOC. These findings provide novel information on the linkage between tree species diversity and lignin accumulation while indicating the role of plant-derived lignin on SOC storage. These results may be useful in predicting forest soil C dynamics in Earth system models.
3D Visualization in Digital Medicine Using XR Technology
Authors: Vincze Miklos , Molnar Bela , Kozlovszky Miklos
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, virtual reality is a new and rapidly developing technology that provides the opportunity for a new, more immersive form of data visualization. Evaluating digitized pathological serial sections and establishing the appropriate diagnosis is one of the key task of the pathologist in the daily work. The type of tools used by pathologists in the evaluation of samples has not changed much in recent decades. On the other hand, the amount of information required to establish an accurate diagnosis has been significantly increased. Nowadays, pathologists are working with the help of multiple high-resolution desktop monitors. Instead of the large screens, the use of virtual reality can serve as an alternative solution, which provides virtualized working space for pathologists during routine sample evaluation. In our research, we defined a new immersive working environment for pathologists. In our proposed solution we visualize several type of digitized medical image data with the corresponding meta data in 3D, and we also defined virtualized functions that support the evaluation process. The main aim of this paper is to present the new possibilities provided by 3D visualization and virtual reality in digital pathology. The paper presents a new virtual reality-based examination environment, as well as software functionalities that are essential for 3D pathological tissue evaluation.
Precision of Visual Perception of Developing Fires
Authors: Bonny Justin , Milke James
Published: August 2023

An aspect of human responses to fires is perceiving changes in intensity. The nature of fires can make this challenging, as flames and smoke are dynamic and change with time. For developing fires, this is in addition to growth occurring vertically and sometimes horizontally, with the footprint of the fire either remaining the same or increasing in size. The present study investigated how precisely humans could visually detect differences in the intensities and growth rates of simulated fires. Using a similar approach to research with non-symbolic visual quantities, a series of experiments compared the precision of judgments regarding which of two simulated fires was greater in intensity or growing faster in intensity when the footprint was fixed or varied. In addition, participants reported what characteristics they used to make their judgments. Precision was significantly worse when comparing the growth rates versus the intensities of fires, and it was better when the fire footprint varied. This provides initial estimates of the precision of mental representations of fire intensity and growth. In addition, participants reported using multiple characteristics, including the size of flames and smoke produced. The present study indicates that humans can precisely detect differences in the intensities of fires using visual cues, but have difficulty when comparing growth rates. We discuss how this suggests that the growth rate may not be a reliable visual cue used by occupants when responding to fires.
Optimizing Protein Fiber Spinning to Develop Plant-Based Meat Analogs via Rheological and Physicochemical Analyses
Authors: Joshi Kartik , Shabani Elnaz , Kabir S. M. Fijul , Zhou Hualu , McClements David Julian , Park Jay Hoon
Published: August 2023

The substitution of meat products in the human diet with plant-based analogs is growing due to environmental, ethical, and health reasons. In this study, the potential of fiber-spinning technology was explored to spin protein fiber mimicking the structural element of meat muscle for the purpose of developing plant-based meat analogs. Overall, this approach involved extruding fine fibers and then assembling them into hierarchical fibrous structures resembling those found in whole muscle meat products. Considering the nutritional facts and to help build muscle fiber, soy protein, polysaccharide (pectin, xanthan gum, or carrageenan), plasticizer (glycerol), and water were used in the formulations to spin into fibers using an extruder with circular orifice dies. Extrudability and thermal and rheological properties were assessed to characterize the properties of the spun fiber. The extrusion trials showed that the presence of the polysaccharides increased the cohesiveness of the fibers. The properties of the fibers produced also depended on the temperature used during extrusion, varying from pasty gels to elastic strands. The extrudability of the fibers was related to the rheological properties (tan δ) of the formulations. This study demonstrated that fiber-spinning technology can be used to produce fibrous materials from plant-derived ingredients. However, the formulation and operating conditions must be optimized to obtain desirable physicochemical and functional attributes in the fibers produced.
Studies on Sensory and Phytochemical Characteristics of Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Varieties for Their Oil Utilisation
Authors: Gupcsó Katalin , Kókai Zoltán , Bálint Melinda , Tavaszi-Sárosi Szilvia , Németh Éva Zámboriné
Published: August 2023

Poppy is a significant pharmaceutical crop, but the seeds and the cold-pressed oil have a big potential as healthy foods. Breeding has mainly focused on agronomical characteristics and alkaloid content. Here, we compared the sensory values, fatty acid and headspace volatile composition of poppy oils and flours produced from different varieties. Two industrial and four culinary varieties were cultivated in our field in 2021–2022. The sensory test differentiated well among varieties. Typical poppy odour and flavour were stronger both in the oils and the flours of the blue-seed varieties compared to the white-seed ones. For most varieties, the harvest year caused no relevant differences. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acids were the main components both in oils and flours. Larger differences were detected in the volatiles (e.g., 2 and 3 methyl-butanal and 3 methyl-butanol γ-n-caprolactone, pentofuran), depending on genotype and year. A higher ratio of saturated fatty acids negatively influenced the flavour and odour characteristics. In the headspace volatiles, these features correlated negatively with 2-pentylfuran and hexanal. The oil content of poppy flour has a positive effect on colour, appearance, tactility and poppy flavour. Our results support a goal-oriented use of poppy genotypes for high-quality dietary products.
Challenges in Implementing the Local Node Infrastructure for a National Federated Machine Learning Network in Radiology
Authors: Jacobs Paul-Philipp , Ehrengut Constantin , Bucher Andreas Michael , Penzkofer Tobias , Lukas Mathias , Kleesiek Jens , Denecke Timm
Published: August 2023

Data-driven machine learning in medical research and diagnostics needs large-scale datasets curated by clinical experts. The generation of large datasets can be challenging in terms of resource consumption and time effort, while generalizability and validation of the developed models significantly benefit from variety in data sources. Training algorithms on smaller decentralized datasets through federated learning can reduce effort, but require the implementation of a specific and ambitious infrastructure to share data, algorithms and computing time. Additionally, it offers the opportunity of maintaining and keeping the data locally. Thus, data safety issues can be avoided because patient data must not be shared. Machine learning models are trained on local data by sharing the model and through an established network. In addition to commercial applications, there are also numerous academic and customized implementations of network infrastructures available. The configuration of these networks primarily differs, yet adheres to a standard framework composed of fundamental components. In this technical note, we propose basic infrastructure requirements for data governance, data science workflows, and local node set-up, and report on the advantages and experienced pitfalls in implementing the local infrastructure with the German Radiological Cooperative Network initiative as the use case example. We show how the infrastructure can be built upon some base components to reflect the needs of a federated learning network and how they can be implemented considering both local and global network requirements. After analyzing the deployment process in different settings and scenarios, we recommend integrating the local node into an existing clinical IT infrastructure. This approach offers benefits in terms of maintenance and deployment effort compared to external integration in a separate environment (e.g., the radiology department). This proposed groundwork can be taken as an exemplary development guideline for future applications of federated learning networks in clinical and scientific environments.
Implementation of a Pharmacy Follow-Up Program for Dispensed Opioid Medications
Authors: Skoy Elizabeth , Frenzel Oliver , Pajunen Haley , Eukel Heidi
Published: August 2023

Background: There have been multiple reported pharmacy initiatives to reduce opioid misuse and accidental overdose to address our nation’s public health crisis. To date, there has not been a description in the literature of a community pharmacy follow-up initiative for dispensed opioids. Methods: A follow-up program was designed and implemented in community pharmacies as part of a previously developed opioid overdose and misuse prevention program (ONE Program). Five to twelve days after the dispensing of an opioid, pharmacy technicians called the patient to follow up on opioid safety topics. Pharmacy technicians used a questionnaire to inquire about medication disposal plans, if the patient was taking the medication more than prescribed, medication side effects, and if the patient needed a pharmacist consultation. The results from that questionnaire were documented. Results: During the first 18 months of the follow-up program, 1789 phone calls were completed. Of those contacted, 40% were still using their opioid medication, and over 10% were experiencing side effects which triggered a pharmacist consult. Patients were reminded of proper medication disposal methods, and most patients (78%) desired to dispose of unused medication at the pharmacy medication disposal box. Conclusions: Follow-up phone calls post-opioid medication dispensing were shown to add value to a previously established opioid misuse and accidental overdose prevention program and allowed for the fulfillment of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process.
Who Wants to (Digitally) Live Forever? The Connections That Narcissism Has with Motives for Digital Immortality and the Desire for Digital Avatars
Authors: Besser Avi , Morse Tal , Zeigler-Hill Virgil
Published: August 2023

We examined the role that death anxiety (for self and others) and motivation for digital immortality played in the associations that narcissistic personality traits had with the desire for digital avatars (of self and others) in a sample of Israeli community members (N = 1041). We distinguished between four forms of narcissism: extraverted narcissism (characterized by assertive self-enhancement), antagonistic narcissism (characterized by defensiveness and hostility), neurotic narcissism (characterized by emotional distress), and communal narcissism (characterized by attempts to emphasize superiority over others by exaggerating communal characteristics such as being extraordinarily helpful). Our sequential parallel mediation analyses showed that narcissistic personality traits were associated with fear of death and the desire for symbolic immortality (having a digital avatar for self and others), with mainly indirect associations via fear of death and the motivation for eternal life and to be there for others. Discussion is focused on the role that fear of death and specific “defensive control” motives for having digital avatars (e.g., motivation for eternal life and to be there for others) may play in the desire for digital immortality reported by individuals with narcissistic personality traits.
ACEtimation—The Combined Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Violence, Health-Harming Behaviors, and Mental Ill-Health: Findings across England and Wales
Authors: Amos Rebekah Lydia Miriam , Cresswell Katie , Hughes Karen , Bellis Mark A.
Published: August 2023

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) encompass various adversities, e.g., physical and/or emotional abuse. Understanding the effects of different ACE types on various health outcomes can guide targeted prevention and intervention. We estimated the association between three categories of ACEs in isolation and when they co-occurred. Specifically, the relationship between child maltreatment, witnessing violence, and household dysfunction and the risk of being involved in violence, engaging in health-harming behaviors, and experiencing mental ill-health. Data were from eight cross-sectional surveys conducted in England and Wales between 2012 and 2022. The sample included 21,716 adults aged 18–69 years; 56.6% were female. Exposure to child maltreatment and household dysfunction in isolation were strong predictors of variant outcomes, whereas witnessing violence was not. However, additive models showed that witnessing violence amplified the measured risk beyond expected levels for being a victim or perpetrator of violence. The multiplicative effect of all three ACE categories demonstrated the highest level of risk (RRs from 1.7 to 7.4). Given the increased risk associated with co-occurring ACEs, it is crucial to target individuals exposed to any ACE category to prevent their exposure to additional harm. Implementing universal interventions that safeguard children from physical, emotional, and sexual violence is likely to mitigate a range of subsequent issues, including future involvement in violence.
A Systematic Bibliometric Analysis of the Real Estate Bubble Phenomenon: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature from 2007 to 2022
Authors: Vergara-Perucich José-Francisco
Published: August 2023

This article presents the results of a bibliometric review of the study of real estate bubbles in the scientific literature indexed in Web of Science and Scopus, from 2007 to 2022. The analysis was developed using a sample of 2276 documents, which were reviewed in R software and analyzed with the assistance of the Bibliometrix package of the same software. The results indicate that there has been considerable productivity on the topic of real estate bubbles since 2007, with an emphasis on housing price formation processes and the social effects when bubbles burst. The authors found that there were not many case studies located in Latin America or Africa, nor were there approaches with advanced predictive modeling techniques using machine learning or artificial intelligence. The article provides an understanding of the state of the art in real estate bubble research and situates new research in front of the influential literature previously published.
Treatment of Substandard Rocket Fuel 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine via Its Methylene Derivative into Heterocycles Based on Pyrrolo-[3,4c]Quinolines, Cyclododeca[b]piran and Pyrrole
Authors: Ivanova Elizaveta , Maryasov Maxim , Andreeva Vera , Osipova Margarita , Vasilieva Tatyana , Eremkin Alexey , Lodochnikova Olga , Grishaev Denis , Nasakin Oleg E.
Published: August 2023

1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (Heptil, rocket fuel (UDMH)) is characterized by extremely high toxicity, teratogenicity and the ability to constantly absorb water from the atmosphere, losing its energy characteristics. In this regard, as well as due to the alternative fuel (“Angara”) transition, there is a need for UDMH utilization in huge amounts. A more benign approach involves its immediate reaction with a formalin solution to form 1,1–dimethyl-2-methylene hydrazone (MDH), which is significantly less toxic by an order of magnitude. MDH can then be polymerized under acidic conditions, and the resulting product can be burned, yielding a substantial amount of nitrogen oxides. We propose an alternative to incineration by involving MDH in organic synthesis. We studied the reactions of MDH and its analog N,N-dimethyl-2-(methylenamino)ethane-1-amine (MDEA) with available CH-acids: tetracyanoethylated ketones (TCEKs) based on cyclohexanone, 4-propylcyclohexanone, 2-methylcyclohexanone, cyclododecanone and tetracyanoethane. The structures synthesized were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy methods. MDH-based adducts were also identified by X-ray structural analysis. TCEKs and MDH, as well as TCEK based on cyclohexanone and MDEA, form bi- and tricyclic structures: pyrrolo [3,4c]-quinolines (using TCEKs based on cyclohexanone and 4-propylcyclohexanone), epiminomethanoquinoline-3,4-dicarbonitrile (using TCEK based on 2-methylcyclohexanone) and cyclododec[b]pyran-3,4-dicarbonitrile (using TCEK based on cyclododecanone). MDH and TCNEH2 formed a pyrrole derivative. Thus, we synthesized the structures that are of interest for molecular design and pharmaceutical chemistry.
Characterization and Classification In Silico of Peptides with Dual Activity (Antimicrobial and Wound Healing)
Authors: Trejos María , Aristizabal Yesid , Aragón-Muriel Alberto , Oñate-Garzón José , Liscano Yamil
Published: August 2023

The growing challenge of chronic wounds and antibiotic resistance has spotlighted the potential of dual-function peptides (antimicrobial and wound healing) as novel therapeutic strategies. The investigation aimed to characterize and correlate in silico the physicochemical attributes of these peptides with their biological activity. We sourced a dataset of 207 such peptides from various peptide databases, followed by a detailed analysis of their physicochemical properties using bioinformatic tools. Utilizing statistical tools like clustering, correlation, and principal component analysis (PCA), patterns and relationships were discerned among these properties. Furthermore, we analyzed the peptides’ functional domains for insights into their potential mechanisms of action. Our findings spotlight peptides in Cluster 2 as efficacious in wound healing, whereas Cluster 1 peptides exhibited pronounced antimicrobial potential. In our study, we identified specific amino acid patterns and peptide families associated with their biological activities, such as the cecropin antimicrobial domain. Additionally, we found the presence of polar amino acids like arginine, cysteine, and lysine, as well as apolar amino acids like glycine, isoleucine, and leucine. These characteristics are crucial for interactions with bacterial membranes and receptors involved in migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. While this study provides a groundwork for therapeutic development, translating these findings into practical applications necessitates additional experimental and clinical research.
Exosomal MicroRNA and Protein Profiles of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Todorova Valentina K. , Byrum Stephanie D. , Mackintosh Samuel G. , Jamshidi-Parsian Azemat , Gies Allen J. , Washam Charity L. , Jenkins Samir V. , Spiva Timothy , Bowman Emily , Reyna Nathan S. , Griffin Robert J. , Makhoul Issam
Published: August 2023

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a main risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, play an important role in tumor development and metastasis, including regulation of HBV-related HCC. In this study, we have characterized exosome microRNA and proteins released in vitro from hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC cell lines SNU-423 and SNU-182 and immortalized normal hepatocyte cell lines (THLE2 and THLE3) using microRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics, including functional enrichment and network analysis, combined with survival analysis using data related to HCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, were applied to examine the prognostic significance of the results. More than 40 microRNAs and 200 proteins were significantly dysregulated (p < 0.05) in the exosomes released from HCC cells in comparison with the normal liver cells. The functional analysis of the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs (i.e., mir-483, mir-133a, mir-34a, mir-155, mir-183, mir-182), their predicted targets, and exosomal differentially expressed proteins (i.e., POSTN, STAM, EXOC8, SNX9, COL1A2, IDH1, FN1) showed correlation with pathways associated with HBV, virus activity and invasion, exosome formation and adhesion, and exogenous protein binding. The results from this study may help in our understanding of the role of HBV infection in the development of HCC and in the development of new targets for treatment or non-invasive predictive biomarkers of HCC.
Understanding the Mechanism of Light-Induced Age-Related Decrease in Melanin Concentration in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells
Authors: Dontsov Alexander E. , Yakovleva Marina A. , Vasin Alexander A. , Gulin Alexander A. , Aybush Arseny V. , Nadtochenko Viktor A. , Ostrovsky Mikhail A.
Published: August 2023

It is known that during the process of aging, there is a significant decrease in the number of melanosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in the human eye. Melanosomes act as screening pigments in RPE cells and are fundamentally important for protection against the free radicals generated by light. A loss or change in the quality of melanin in melanosomes can lead to the development of senile pathologies and aggravation in the development of various retinal diseases. We have previously shown that the interaction between melanin melanosomes and superoxide radicals results in oxidative degradation with the formation of water-soluble fluorescent products. In the present study, we show, using fluorescence analysis, HPLC, and mass spectrometry, that visible light irradiation on melanolipofuscin granules isolated from RPE cells in the human eye results in the formation of water-soluble fluorescent products from oxidative degradation of melanin, which was in contrast to lipofuscin granules and melanosomes irradiation. The formation of these products occurs as a result of the oxidative degradation of melanin by superoxide radicals, which are generated by the lipofuscin part of the melanolipofuscin granule. We identified these products both in the composition of melanolipofuscin granules irradiated with visible light and in the composition of melanosomes that were not irradiated but were, instead, oxidized by superoxide radicals. In the melanolipofuscin granules irradiated by visible light, ions that could be associated with melanin oxidative degradation products were identified by applying the principal component analysis of the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) data. Degradation of the intact melanosomes by visible light is also possible; however, this requires significantly higher irradiation intensities than for melanolipofuscin granules. It is concluded that the decrease in the concentration of melanin in RPE cells in the human eye with age is due to its oxidative degradation by reactive oxygen species generated by lipofuscin, as part of the melanolipofuscin granules, under the action of light.