bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of water erosion using the RUSLE method in the Mazer watershed (Berrechid region, Morocco)
Authors: Hanane Meziane , Naïma Elassaoui , Charaf Eddine Bouiss
Published: February 2024

The losses of soil due to water erosion pose a major problem exacerbating land degradation in many regions worldwide, including Morocco. Soil degradation has detrimental consequences for agriculture, ecosystems, and the environment in general. In this context, the main objective of this study is to assess the risk of soil erosion in the Mazer watershed, located at the heart of a significant agricultural region in the Settat province of Morocco. To achieve this goal, we have employed an advanced methodology that combines the use of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with the advantages offered by the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. This approach allows us to analyze five key factors contributing to soil losses through water erosion: rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), vegetation cover (C), topography (LS), and anti-erosion practices (P). By overlaying these five elements, we have developed a quantitative map of soil losses for the Mazer watershed. The results show an average soil degradation of 77.2 tons per hectare per year, with variations ranging from 0.6 to 885.2 tons per hectare per year. This diversity highlights the significant impact of environmental and human factors. This precise methodology enables the identification of major contributors to erosion, facilitating the implementation of tailored protective measures. Understanding the causes of water erosion is essential for promoting sustainable agricultural practices, soil conservation, and environmental policies aimed at preserving the ecosystem and local natural resources, thereby mitigating soil erosion and promoting sustainability.
Assessment of surface water quality in the lower Sebou by physicochemical and microbiological approach and the impact of tributaries (Oued Beht and Oued Swaret) during the summer season
Authors: Mekaoui Fatima-Zahra , El Merabet Douae , Sahraoui Afaf , Redouani Asma , Lrhorfi Lalla Aicha
Published: February 2024

The study consists in assessing the quality of the surface waters of the Lower Sebou (from dam to Sebou mouth), by studying the impact of anthropic activities and the tributaries flowing into the Sebou (Oued Beht and Oued sawaret), and by analyzing the various physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters such as : temperature, pH, conductivity, TSS, turbidity, DCO, DBO5, total phosphorus, NO -, NO -, NH4+, SO 2-, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, alkalinity, total and faecal coliforms bacteria, total and faecal streptococci. Nine stations were sampled in mid-September 2021. The water analyzed showed high values: for temperature, from 24.7 to 31.1°C; for alkalinity, from 170.80 to 207.40 mg/L; for total phosphorus, from 0.01 to 1.75 mg/L; for ammonium, from 0.03 to 16.56 mg/L; for nitrite from 0.206 to 0.676 mg/L; for turbidity from 23 to 596 mg/L; for chemical oxygen demand from 50.88 to 168 mg/L; for biochemical demand for oxygen in 5 days from 16 to 58 mg O2/L; for faecal coliforms from 30 to 4500000 B/ml. The statistical analysis is encouraging, showing a temporal evolution in the overall quality of the lower Sebou.
Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping Using the Susceptibility Index (SI) Method and Tritium Isotopes: A Case Study of the Gharb Aquifer in Northwestern Morocco
Authors: Hilal Ismail , Oubeid Ahmed Mahmoud , Qurtobi Mohamed , Aqnouy Mourad , Amenzou Noureddine , Saadi Radouane , Raibi Fatima , Bellarbi Miriam , Si Mhamdi Hicham , Sadiki Mohamed , Hasnaoui Moulay Driss , Benmansour Moncef
Published: February 2024

The Gharb aquifer plays a critical role as a source of drinking water and irrigation in Morocco. However, rapid economic growth and increased use of chemical fertilizers have led to groundwater pollution and land degradation. To address this issue, a vulnerability assessment was conducted using the Susceptibility Index (SI) method. Five parameters including depth to groundwater, effective recharge, slope, soil type, and land use/land cover were considered to evaluate groundwater vulnerability. The vulnerability assessment revealed index values ranging from 31 to 160. The study area was categorized into three zones of relative vulnerability (low, moderate, and high). Spatial analysis demonstrated significant spatial heterogeneity, with moderate vulnerability observed in areas characterized by shallow groundwater and composed primarily of sandstones in the northwest and southwest regions. In the entire study area, the low, medium, and high vulnerability zones covered 3%, 70%, and 26% (101 km2, 2725 km2, and 986 km2), respectively. Furthermore, Tritium isotope analysis and nitrate content were selected and applied as pollution markers to confirm and validate the obtained vulnerability map. The Tritium (3H) content in groundwater reveals a correlation with an R2 value of 0.86 with the degree of vulnerability, while the nitrate concentration in the aquifer’s groundwater showed a correlation with an R2 value of 0.55.
The single-cycle biphotons generated by noncollinear SPDC in the chirped QPM crystals
Authors: Wang Jinbao , Lin Haibo
Published: February 2024

We analysis the noncollinear Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC) and compare the biphotons generated by the chirped Quasi-Phase-Matching (QPM) between the Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN) and Periodically Poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystals. Due to the chirping of the crystals, the frequency response range of the biphotons would be greatly increased. For nonlinear SPDC, angular variation is limited (less than 0.06° in this paper), and the angle would narrow the frequency response range of the biphotons. We compare the effect of angle in PPLN crystals and PPKTP crystals for biphotons. Both the two crystals with chirped QPM, the single-cycle biphotons can be generated during noncollinear SPDC within a suitable angle range, which is favorable for wider applications in experiments.
Comparative performance of ISAGA IgM and ELISA assays for the diagnosis of maternal and congenital Toxoplasma infections: which technique could replace ISAGA IgM?
Authors: Deleplancque Anne-Sophie , Fricker-Hidalgo Hélène , Pomares Christelle , L’Ollivier Coralie , Lemoine Jean-Philippe , Cimon Bernard , Paris Luc , Houzé Sandrine , Villena Isabelle , Pelloux Hervé , Villard Odile
Published: February 2024

The ISAGA immunocapture test for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M is a manual technique known for its excellent sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this retrospective, multicenter study was to compare the performances and agreement between ISAGA and other IgM detection techniques before cessation of ISAGA production. The analytic performance of the different tests was evaluated using 1,341 serum samples from adults with positive IgM and negative IgG to Toxoplasma gondii, and 1,206 sera from neonates born to mothers with seroconversion. The agreement between the tests was evaluated on 13,506 adult and 5,795 child serum samples. The sensitivity of Toxo-ISAGA IgM® (adults 98.7%, neonates 63.1%) was similar to that of Platelia Toxo IgM® (adults 94.4%, neonates 64.6%), and significantly higher than Liaison Toxo IgM® (adults 90.6%), Architect/Alinity Toxo IgM® (adults 95.7%, neonates 48.6%), and Vidas Toxo IgM® (adults 81.8%, neonates 17.5%). However, the specificities varied between 24.4% (Platelia Toxo IgM®) and 95.2% (Liaison Toxo IgM®) in adults and were >95% for all tests in neonates. An analysis of the kappa coefficients showed better agreement between ISAGA IgM® and the other tests in children (0.75–0.83%) than in adults (0.11–0.53%). We conclude that, in the absence of Toxo-ISAGA IgM®, the association of a very sensitive technique (Platelia Toxo IgM® or Architect/Alinity Toxo IgM®) and a very specific technique (Vidas Toxo IgM® or Liaison Toxo IgM®) is recommended for IgM detection in adult sera. For neonates, Platelia Toxo IgM® appeared to be the best alternative to replace Toxo-ISAGA IgM®.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Bergelt Corinna
Published: February 2024

Sie halten heute die erste Ausgabe unserer Zeitschrift für das Jahr 2024 in
Händen. Ein Jahreswechsel bietet immer die Möglichkeit der
Rückschau und des Vorausblicks und ist häufig mit
Veränderungen und guten Vorsätzen verbunden. Auch im
Herausgeber-Board der Zeitschrift haben wir zum Jahreswechsel Veränderungen
und neue Anfänge zu verzeichnen: nachdem sich Prof. Dr. Helga Seel in der
letzten Ausgabe des Jahres 2023 als Herausgeberin verabschiedet hat,
begrüßen wir in 2024 sehr herzlich unseren Kollegen Dr. Stefan
Schüring als neuen Herausgeber in unserer Mitte. Wir freuen uns
darüber, dass er unser Team wieder vervollständigt und seine
Expertise und die Perspektive der Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für
Rehabilitation zur Verfügung stellt.
Digital: Was und wie viel? – Neue Wege in der Bewegungstherapie gestalten
Authors: Reusch Andrea , Geidl Wolfgang
Published: February 2024

Das war das Thema der 4. Fachtagung Bewegungstherapie
vom 5. bis 6. Mai 2023 im
Bildungszentrum Erkner. Ausgerichtet
wurde die Tagung von der DGRW-AG Bewegungstherapie
mit dem Ziel, aktuelle Forschungsfragen
mit Vertreter:innen aus der
Praxis zu diskutieren. Die fachliche Leitung
oblag Prof. Dr. Gorden Sudeck (Uni Tübingen),
Dr. Wolfgang Geidl (Uni Erlangen) und
Prof.in Dr. Wiebke Göhner (KH Freiburg),
die auch durch das Programm führten.
Accessing Reactive Metal Hydrides through Designed Heterometallic Bridges
Authors: Shoshani Manar M. , Gonzalez Fernando , De Leon Edgardo
Published: February 2024

A methodology to access reactive hydride moieties is highly desirable, yet limited. Multimetallic hydride fragments are notable for their heightened reactivity and catalysis, but deliberate access to these species is lacking. In this highlight, we discuss recent developments by our group in the design of a new heterometallic complex that invokes an architecture designed to provide modular access to reactive hydride moieties by leveraging metal hydrides in combination with pendent donors to a model heterotrimetallic Ni–(Al–H)2 complex. An amplification of insertion-based reactivity has been examined in the hydrofunctionalization of quinolines, and our complex substantially outperformed the parent aluminum hydride LAlH (L = ligand). A potential rationale for the dramatically increased reactivity, and a further examination of these motifs and methodology in catalysis are also discussed.

1. Introduction

2. Heterometallic Hydride Design and Characterization

3. Amplification in Catalysis

4. Summary and Outlook
Humeral Condylar Fractures in French Bulldogs—Inciting Cause and Factors Influencing Complications of Internal Fixation in 136 Dogs
Authors: Condon Anna , Keeley Ben , Midgley Duncan , Butterworth Steven , Schofield Imogen , Bright Steven
Published: February 2024

Objective To report the inciting cause and configuration of humeral condylar fractures in French Bulldogs, and to identify risk factors for complications associated with their surgical stabilization, as well as their occurrence.

Study Design Retrospective multicenter clinical cohort study.

Animals French bulldogs (n = 136) with humeral condylar fracture.

Methods Records from eight United Kingdom referral centers were reviewed for French bulldogs that underwent surgery for humeral condylar fracture between January 2017 and January 2021.

Results Lateral fractures of the humeral condyle represented two-thirds of condylar fractures in this study (95 elbows; 69.8%); medial fractures of the humeral condyle and intracondylar Y or T fractures affected 22 (16.2%) and 19 (14%), respectively. A fall was the inciting cause for 60 elbows (45.6%), with stairs implicated in 27 (20.45%) elbows. Skeletal immaturity was significantly correlated with fracture. Complications affected 30 out of 132 dogs (136 elbows) (22%), of which 10 (33%) were major, and 20 (66%) were minor. Fixation method did not significantly impact complication rate for medial or lateral fractures of the humeral condyle (p = 0.87). Comminution increased the risk of complication for all humeral condylar fracture types (p = 0.02).

Clinical Relevance Fixation method was not found to significantly impact the complication rate of surgically managed fractures of the humeral condyle in French bulldogs. Stair use, falling from low heights, and skeletal immaturity were common inciting reasons for humeral condylar fractures.
Comparison of Stress and Strain Distribution Patterns in Canine Implant and Maxillary Bone in Three Occlusal Schemes Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Fathi Amirhossein , Hoshyar Younes , Ebadian Behnaz , Ghorbani Mahsa
Published: February 2024

Objectives This study aimed to compare the pattern of stress and strain distribution in canine implant and maxillary bone in the anterior group function (AGF), posterior group function (PGF), and canine guidance (CG) occlusal schemes by finite element analysis (FEA).

Material and Methods In this in vitro experimental study, a dental implant (10 × 4.1 mm) was inserted at the site of the maxillary canine in a model of the maxilla in Mimics software. The implant was scanned three-dimensionally and the data were transferred to SolidWorks software. The von Mises stress, shear stress, deformation, and strain were calculated in the AGF, PGF, and CG occlusal schemes by FEA.

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed by ABAQUS software to calculate the stress transferred to the canine implant and maxillary bone in the three occlusal schemes.

Results The maximum and minimum von Mises stress, elastic strain, shear stress, and deformation were noted in the AGF and PGF occlusal schemes, respectively, in all teeth.

Conclusion The PGF showed minimum von Mises stress, elastic strain, shear stress, and deformation in the canine implant and maxillary bone. Thus, it appears than the PGF is the best occlusal scheme for maxillary canine implant followed by the CG scheme.
Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis of Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Cavallazzi Rodrigo , Ramirez Julio A.
Published: February 2024

The clinical presentation of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can vary widely among patients. While many individuals with mild symptoms can be managed as outpatients with excellent outcomes, there is a distinct subgroup of patients who present with severe CAP. In these cases, the mortality rate can reach approximately 25% within 30 days and even up to 50% within a year. It is crucial to focus attention on these patients who are at higher risk. Among the various definitions of severe CAP found in the literature, one commonly used criterion is the requirement for admission to intensive care unit. Notable epidemiological characteristics of these patients include the impact of acute cardiovascular diseases on clinical outcomes and the enduring, independent effect of pneumonia on long-term outcomes. Factors such as pathogen virulence, the presence of comorbidities, and the host response are important contributors to the pathogenesis of severe CAP. In these patients, the host response may be dysregulated and compartmentalized. Gaining a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of severe CAP will provide a foundation for the development of new therapies for this condition. This manuscript aims to review the definition, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of severe CAP, shedding light on important aspects that can aid in the improvement of patient care and outcomes.
Evaluation of Canine Shoulder Arthroscopy for Anatomical and Safety Considerations
Authors: Kennedy Emily J. , Corriveau Kayla M. , Wilhite Ray
Published: February 2024

Introduction Arthroscopy is a well-established diagnostic modality for various orthopaedic conditions in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship of canine shoulder arthroscopy portals to major muscular, ligamentous, and neurovascular structures for anatomical and safety considerations.

Materials and Methods Arthroscopic exploration of 20 adult canine cadaver shoulders was performed. Each shoulder region was dissected layer by layer to the level of the joint. Musculotendinous, ligamentous, and cartilaginous lesions were documented. The distance was measured from each portal to neurovascular structures encountered.

Results Muscular lesions included the deltoideus, cleidobrachialis, omotransversarius, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles. The neurovascular structures identified were the omobrachial vein, the caudal circumflex humeral artery, axillobrachial vein, and branches of the axillary nerve. Lesions to the lateral glenohumeral ligament were noted from the caudal instrument portal and the middle arthroscope portal. Iatrogenic articular cartilage injuries were identified on the caudal humeral head and the glenoid.

Conclusion This study supports the safety of lateral shoulder arthroscopy in dogs. Most local neurovascular structures are unaffected with traditional scope portal positions. Musculotendinous lesions are unavoidable due to the extensive muscling surrounding the shoulder but are unlikely to cause severe complications postoperatively.
Surgical Rhinoplasty in Mild Forms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Safety, Protocols, and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Shandilya Munish , Bourke Stephanie , Shandilya Avi
Published: February 2024

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessive–compulsive disorder concerning body image which negatively distorts the patient's perception of their appearance. In rhinoplasty, surgery on patients with severe BDD is considered contraindicated as patients are often dissatisfied and their BDD symptoms rarely improve. For patients with borderline to mild BDD, however, there has been some preliminary evidence to show that they can benefit from surgical rhinoplasty. In our first article on this series of BDD in rhinoplasty, we presented our two-specialist protocol using mandatory psychiatric evaluation (MPE) to assess patient's suitability. In this present article, we used this protocol to identify a group of borderline to mild BDD patients, performed surgical rhinoplasty on this group, and evaluated the outcome using a visual analog scale (VAS) and a five-point Likert scale. From 2010 to 2023, 1,602 patients attended our practice seeking cosmetic rhinoplasty, out of which, 892 were sent for MPE to the same psychiatrist. The MPE identified 2.5% (22/892) patients as having mild BDD, out of which, 15 were considered suitable for surgical intervention and underwent successful rhinoplasty (follow-up 6–95 months, M = 54.13 months). Five of 15 patients scored 10/10 on the VAS and were very happy, 8 of 15 patients scored 7 to 9/10 on the VAS and were happy, and 2 of 15 patients scored 6/10 on the VAS but were still happy. Although all patients were happier, 3 of 15 patients requested revision rhinoplasty which was not offered as was planned and discussed before the initial intervention. This study shows that in the presence of safe protocols, including a two-specialist model, safe outcomes can be expected even in the long term. Further, the request for revision surgery appears to be common in borderline to mild BDD cases, and we like to warn the patients against it before surgery.
Intentional news avoidance on short-form video platforms: a moderated mediation model of psychological reactance and relative entertainment motivation
Authors: Zeng Runxi , Guo Siting , Evans Richard
Published: February 2024

Previous studies have identified a correlation between individuals’ perception of news quality and their intention to avoid political news. However, limited research exists that examines the mechanisms that mediate or moderate this relationship, particularly in the context of short-form video platforms. This study, using a sample of 523 active users of Douyin, a Chinese short-form video platform, addresses this gap by examining the mediating influence of psychological reactance and the moderating impact of relative entertainment motivation on the connection between perceived news quality and intentional news avoidance. The study finds that the negative association between perceived news quality and intentional news avoidance is mediated by psychological reactance, while both the direct effect of perceived news quality on intentional news avoidance, and the indirect effect through psychological reactance, are moderated by relative entertainment motivation. Specifically, these effects are stronger for individuals with high relative entertainment motivation. These findings suggest that if users possess high relative entertainment motivation, their psychological reactance and intentional news avoidance can be reduced if the quality of news improves. This study contributes to current understanding of users’ deliberate avoidance of news and offers insights for owners and developers of short-form video platforms and algorithms.
The semen microbiome of miniature pony stallions
Authors: Cooke C. Giselle , Gibb Zamira , Grupen Christopher G. , Schemann Kathrin , Deshpande Nandan , Harnett Joanna E.
Published: February 2024

Context Little is known about the microbial composition of stallion semen. Aims To describe the microbiota detected in equine semen of healthy miniature pony stallions. Methods Semen specimens were collected using a Missouri artificial vagina at a single time point. PacBio (Pacific Biosciences) genomic DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was performed on these specimens, following which next-generation microbiome bioinformatics platform QIIME2 was used to process fastq files and analyse the amplicon data. The data were categorised into genus, family, class, order and phylum. Key results Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla predominated (76%), followed by Proteobacteria (15%). Bacteroidales, Clostridiales and Cardiobacteriales predominated the microbial rank of order (86%). Class was mainly composed of Bacteroidia, Clostridia and Gammaproteobacteria (87%), while family was mainly composed of Porphyromonadaceae, Family_XI and Cardiobacteriaceae (62%). At the level of genus, 80% of the abundance was composed of seven genera, namely Porphyromonas, Suttonella, Peptoniphilus, Fastidiosipila, Ezakiella, Petrimonas and an unknown taxon. Conclusions The findings indicate that specific microbiota may be characteristic of healthy miniature pony stallions’ semen with some inter-individual variations observed. Implications Larger equine studies involving fertile and infertile subjects could be informed by this study and could explore the relationship of the semen microbiome to male fertility.
Source language influences in the Australian mixed language, Light Warlpiri
Authors: O’Shannessy Carmel
Published: February 2024

A mixed language is formed through the systematic combination of subsystems from two source languages (Bakker 2017: 219). Defining features include the social history of a language and the
ways in which the source language components are distributed in the mixed language, showing significant amounts of lexicon and/or
grammar from each source. Yet it is possible for a language of this type to also have identifiable influence from a third
language, still showing a dichotomy of source in that the three sources can be categorised into two groups. The Australian mixed
language, Light Warlpiri, shows evidence of contributions from Warlpiri, on the one hand, and Kriol and English on the other.
Interestingly, the reflexive-reciprocal subsystem of Light Warlpiri shows clear influence of English, in contrast to that of
Kriol. Subsystems can each operate somewhat independently of other subsystems in terms of which sources they draw on and how they
do so.
The role of complexity in the ability to notice incoherent uses of connectives for L2
Authors: Wetzel Mathis , Zufferey Sandrine , Gygax Pascal
Published: February 2024

When learning a second language, some connectives are more difficult to acquire and to master than others. While previous research has assessed different factors responsible for this difficulty by using offline tasks, little is known about the extent to which L2-readers are sensitive to different connectiveswhile reading. In our study, we compared self-paced reading times of native and non-native speakers of French for sentences that were correctly or incorrectly marked with either the infrequent connectivecependant(‘however’) or the more frequentmais(‘but’). Results showed that incorrect uses only produced longer reading times whenmaiswas used. Yet, in a sentence-evaluation-task using the same set of sentences, L2-speakers were able to discriminate incorrectly marked sentences withcependantfrom correctly marked ones. We conclude that a good theoretical understanding of connectives for L2 (Experiment 2) does not always warrant a quick activation of their meaning while reading (Experiment 1).
When heritage speakers study in their heritage countries
Authors: Guerrero-Rodriguez Paola , Pascual y Cabo Diego , Prada Josh
Published: February 2024

With a well-established bedrock of literature exploring the benefits of study abroad (SA) in
second/foreign/additional language learning contexts (e.g., Anderson et al., 2006;
Smith & Mitry, 2008; Williams,
2005), Spanish as a heritage language scholars have only recently begun to explore SA settings (e.g., Pozzi et al., 2021; Quan et al., 2018; Shively, 2018). This short-term longitudinal multiple case study examines the experiences of four
Mexican American college students during a SA program in Mexico, their heritage country, and their interplay with their evolving
identities. We draw from social identity theory concepts and tools (e.g., Bucholtz & Hall,
2005; Hogg & Abrams, 1988) to compare the students’ individual
expectations, experiences, and outcomes of participating in the program. Data were collected using personal reflections and
individual interviews at three stages (prior to, during, and after completing the program). Results reveal general positive
experiences at the superficial level, with changes in each individual’s ethnic identification, supporting the need to further
examine individual differences in future SA research. Finally, drawing from these findings, we make recommendations to prepare
students, host families, and instructors to engage practices that will aid in SA program success.
The effects of study abroad on L2 vocabulary development
Authors: Güvendir Emre , Borràs Judith , Acar Güvendir Meltem
Published: February 2024

While research on second language (L2) vocabulary development after a study abroad (SA) experience has been
largely investigated, findings are still not clear-cut because of the multifaceted nature of vocabulary and the different
methodologies used when investigating its growth. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the link between
SA and lexical development. A multilevel meta-analysis including 25 studies was conducted to examine the extent to which overall,
receptive vocabulary (RV) and productive vocabulary (PV) are impacted by a SA experience. A second objective was to determine
whether length of stay (LoS) in the target country has an effect on L2 vocabulary development. Results showed that international
stays have a significantly large impact on RV and overall vocabulary and a significantly moderate impact on PV. The analysis also
showed that LoS alone cannot be used as a predictor of gains in the students’ L2 vocabulary.
Developing digital health literacy amidst the Covid-19 infodemic
Authors: Maglie Rosita , Groicher Matthew
Published: February 2024

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the concurrent infodemic highlighted the urgent need to develop autonomous and advanced reading skills for an increasingly complex and ambiguous world. Particularly, in this context, there appears to be a tension between people seeking clear, authoritative information and advice on the internet, and health experts giving recommendations, actively defining the boundaries of their (in)expertise by formulating (un)certainty that is such a prevalent feature of this novel virus. Our claim is that possible evidence of a creditable source online emerges when the healthcare professional describes their (in)expertise through a systematic deployment of a wide range of warranting strategies, while claiming authority in a limited field of knowledge (Richardson 2003). Our analysis addresses the expert online formulation of (un)certainty focusing on a daily coronavirus podcast, i.e., Coronacast. Through a corpus-assisted discourse analysis, this study uncovers the major types of warranting strategies used by the health hosts in a corpus containing only episodes where there is an expert guest and/or a link to scientific sources. Deeper understanding of how healthcare providers/health podcasters use warranting strategies may make a meaningful contribution to the repertoire of tools useful for identifying un/reliable messages in an increasingly digitalized world.
Regulation of proteostasis and innate immunity via mitochondria-nuclear communication
Authors: Kim Sookyung , Ramalho Theresa R. , Haynes Cole M.
Published: February 2024

Mitochondria are perhaps best known as the “powerhouse of the cell” for their role in ATP production required for numerous cellular activities. Mitochondria have emerged as an important signaling organelle. Here, we first focus on signaling pathways mediated by mitochondria-nuclear communication that promote protein homeostasis (proteostasis). We examine the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in C. elegans, which is regulated by a transcription factor harboring both a mitochondrial- and nuclear-targeting sequence, the integrated stress response in mammals, as well as the regulation of chromatin by mitochondrial metabolites. In the second section, we explore the role of mitochondria-to-nuclear communication in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation. Perhaps related to their prokaryotic origin, mitochondria harbor molecules also found in viruses and bacteria. If these molecules accumulate in the cytosol, they elicit the same innate immune responses as viral or bacterial infection.
Dibaryons and where to find them
Authors: Bashkanov M , Watts D P , Clash G , Mocanu M , Nicol M
Published: February 2024

In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in the investigation of bound systems of quarks with multiplicities beyond the more usual two- and three-quark systems. Experimental and theoretical progress has been made in the four-, five- and even six-quark sectors. In this paper, we review the possible lightest six-quark states using a simple ansatz based on SU(3) symmetry and evaluate the most promising decay branches. The work will be useful to help focus future experimental searches in this six-quark sector.
Quantum oscillations evidence for topological bands in kagome metal ScV6Sn6
Authors: Zheng Guoxin , Zhu Yuan , Mozaffari Shirin , Mao Ning , Chen Kuan-Wen , Jenkins Kaila , Zhang Dechen , Chan Aaron , Arachchige Hasitha W Suriya , Madhogaria Richa P , Cothrine Matthew , Meier William R , Zhang Yang , Mandrus David , Li Lu
Published: February 2024

Metals with kagome lattice provide bulk materials to host both the flat-band and Dirac electronic dispersions. A new family of kagome metals is recently discovered in AV6Sn6. The Dirac electronic structures of this material needs more experimental evidence to confirm. In the manuscript, we investigate this problem by resolving the quantum oscillations in both electrical transport and magnetization in ScV6Sn6. The revealed orbits are consistent with the electronic band structure models. Furthermore, the Berry phase of a dominating orbit is revealed to be around π, providing direct evidence for the topological band structure, which is consistent with calculations. Our results demonstrate a rich physics and shed light on the correlated topological ground state of this kagome metal.
Dihedral rings of patterns emerging from a Turing bifurcation
Authors: Hill Dan J , Bramburger Jason J , Lloyd David J B
Published: February 2024

Collective organisation of patterns into ring-like configurations has been well-studied when patterns are subject to either weak or semi-strong interactions. However, little is known numerically or analytically about their formation when the patterns are strongly interacting. We prove that approximate strongly interacting patterns can emerge in various ring-like dihedral configurations, bifurcating from quiescence near a Turing instability in generic two-component reaction-diffusion systems. The methods used are constructive and provide accurate initial conditions for numerical continuation methods to path-follow these ring-like patterns in parameter space. Our analysis is complemented by numerical investigations that illustrate our findings.
On the anisotropies of the cosmological gravitational-wave background from pulsar timing array observations
Authors: Ding Ran , Tian Chi
Published: February 2024

Significant evidence for a stochastic gravitational-wave background has recently been
reported by several Pulsar Timing Array observations. These studies have shown that, in addition
to astrophysical explanations based on supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), cosmological
origins are considered equally important sources for these signals. To further explore these
cosmological sources, in this study, we discuss the anisotropies in the cosmological gravitational
wave background (CGWB) in a model-independent way. Taking the North American Nanohertz Observatory
for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) 15-year dataset as a benchmark, we estimate the angular power
spectra of the CGWB and their cross-correlations with cosmic microwave background (CMB)
fluctuations and weak gravitational lensing. We find that the NANOGrav 15-year data implies
suppressed Sachs-Wolf (SW) effects in the CGBW spectrum, leading to a marginally negative
cross-correlation with the CMB at large scales. This procedure is applicable to signals
introduced by different early universe processes and is potentially useful for identifying unique
features about anisotropies of CGWB from future space-based interferometers and
astrometric measurements.
Model independent dark matter properties from cosmic growth
Authors: Zhumabek Tilek , Denissenya Mikhail , Linder Eric V.
Published: February 2024

Dark matter dominates the matter budget of the universe but its nature is
unknown. Deviations from the standard model, where dark matter clusters with the same
gravitational strength as baryons, and has the same pressureless equation of state as baryons, can
be tested by cosmic growth measurements. We take a model independent approach, allowing deviations
in bins of redshift, and compute the constraints enabled by ongoing cosmic structure surveys
through redshift space distortions and peculiar velocities. These can produce constraints at the
3-14% level in four independent redshift bins over z = [0,4].
Non-thermal WIMPy baryogenesis with primordial black hole
Authors: Choi Ki-Young , Kim Jongkuk , Lkhagvadorj Erdenebulgan
Published: February 2024

We consider the possibility that the weakly interacting massive particles produced from
the evaporation of primordial black hole can explain both the relic density of dark matter and the
baryon asymmetry of the Universe, through their annihilation which violate B and CP-symmetry. We
find that the primordial black hole with mass less than 107g is a good candidate as an
source of TeV dark matter with the total annihilation cross section
 〈σaυ〉 ≲ 10-7 GeV-2 and the B-violating scattering cross
section 〈σaυ〉 ≲ 2 × 10-9 GeV-2.
This large annihilation cross section of dark matter in this model would make it available to
search them in the indirect search for dark matter such as gamma-ray or neutrino observations.
Effect of network topologies and attacking strategies on cascading failure model with power-law load redistribution
Authors: Xie Yiran , Wang Tingyu , Yang Bo
Published: February 2024

Various traffic networks play an important role in daily life and have different topological characteristics such as small-world and scale-free. The factors of traffic congestion, natural disasters and traffic accidents may induce cascading failure in which the load redistribution usually has the characteristic of power-law (that is to say, when a station is broken, the great majority of passengers would evacuate to the nearby stations, but the very few would evacuate to further). Based on them, this paper studies the load-capacity cascading failure model with power-law load redistribution using three kinds of attacking strategies (removing a single node according to the load, removing multiple nodes according to the load and removing multiple nodes randomly) for different network structures (random networks, WS small-world networks and BA scale-free networks). We confirm the robustness of our results by further performing simulations on real-world traffic networks. A quantitative description of network topologies and attacking strategies vs. the cascading failure model with power-law load redistribution is obtained by computer simulation. The results demonstrate that in contrast to removing the node according to the load, network robustness increases with the increase of the load control parameter α when randomly removing the node; when θ is small, the load tolerance parameter β is sensitive to the network robustness in random networks and WS small-world networks when removing a single node according to the load.
Characterisation of TCP precipitation sequences of superaustenitic stainless steel and correlation with electrochemical and mechanical properties
Authors: Kountouris N , Makris N , Ioannidou D , Alexandratou A , Deligiannis S , Kaldellis A , Tsakiridis P , Fourlaris G
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the influence of precipitation sequences formed at critical high-temperature range for various ageing time of super austenitic stainless steel 654SMO against the evolution of its corrosive resistance performance through the microstructural characterization, hardness and electrochemical corrosion testing. The specific type of stainless-steel alloy is one of the most corrosion resistant along with exceptional mechanical properties, tailor-made for pressurized and erosive systems handling chlorinated sea water, plate heat exchangers, and fuel gas cleaning applications and an excellent case study of in-depth phase transformations-electrochemical properties characterization phenomena. The microstructure evolution is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), hardness testing and potentiodynamic polarization curves. The corresponding precipitation characteristics and sequences of secondary phases are discussed and correlated with electrochemical properties. The results demonstrate σ phase with various morphologies formed during isothermal aging and the formation of three more secondary topologically close pack (TCP) phases, such as chi phase (χ), laves phase (A2B), and Cr2N against corrosive resistance and mechanical performance, which are of primary importance for understanding electrochemical phenomena of different phases and useful for optimizing such alloys for various applications.
Fracture characterization of structural steel S690Q by using mini-CT specimens
Authors: Sánchez M , Cicero S , Arroyo B
Published: February 2024

Mini-CT specimens are an interesting alternative when characterising the fracture behaviour of structural materials and there are issues with regard to, for example, the amount of available material, the irradiation level (in nuclear materials) or material inhomogeneities. Furthermore, in ferritic-pearlitic steels, the characterisation of the fracture behaviour within the ductile-to-brittle transition zone (DBTZ) is of particular interest, given that the material may behave very different, in terms of fracture toughness, when operating at different but relatively close temperatures within this zone. In many occasions, the definition of the DBTZ behaviour is performed through the Master Curve (MC) methodology and, thus, by testing standardised fracture specimens (e.g., CT, SENB) and determining the material Reference Temperature (T0). The use of mini-CT specimens to define T0 has been validated in a wide range of steels used in nuclear industry, but its application to structural steels has been scarce. Thus, this work gathers the fracture characterisation results (T0) obtained in structural steel S690Q, comparing them to those obtained by using conventional standardized SENB specimens. It is shown that, for this particular structural steel, the use of miniaturized specimens provides a T0 value (-89.3°C) which is comparable to the value obtained from conventional larger specimens (-110°C).
3D crack propagation study of a railway component using XFEM method
Authors: Morgado T , Dias R , Pereira M
Published: February 2024

This work develops a methodology to study the crack propagation through ABAQUS simulation. This simulation study uses the service condition of the mechanical component and the complex geometry of a manufacturing defect obtained by microtomography. It was concluded that the XFEM method is an essential tool in predicting crack propagation of a railway component. Furthermore, the type of criteria used in the XFEM method allowed the analysis of the propensity of the manufacturing defect to initiate crack propagation. The C3D4 elements were essential in realising the crack propagation simulation, considering a manufacturing defect. Having the pore’s complex geometry was crucial to developing the methodology presented in this study. The static analysis results indicated that the maximum stress concentration value in the pore is in a zone that can be identified as a hot spot. In addition, the pore showed a higher concentration of Von-Mises stresses than in the static simulation performed without a pore and of the material’s ultimate strength. In conclusion, the methodology presented in this work shows that developing a more realistic simulation study is possible. For a complete structural integrity study, the mechanical design simulation studies must include some complex geometries of intrinsic manufacturing defects.
Chemical recovery of carbon fibers from composites via plasma assisted solvolysis
Authors: Marinis D , Farsari E , Alexandridou C , Amanatides E , Mataras D
Published: February 2024

In this work plasma assisted solvolysis using nitric acid is proposed for chemical recovery of carbon fibers from carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites (CFRCs). Complete decomposition of the epoxy matrix could be achieved, regardless the composites’ geometry. The efficiency of the process was examined in terms of a) process duration, b) resin decomposition rate and c) materials properties. SEM and EDX data showed that the recovered fiber surfaces are almost free of epoxy resin residuals and their tensile strength was comparable to that of typical virgin carbon fiber. The process decomposition efficiency is very high without requiring additional organic solvents or high temperature / pressure, stressing the potential of this method for viable recycling of CFRCs.
Improved Damage Mapping with Hyperbola Approach for Guided Waves Based Structural Health Monitoring Using Fiber Bragg Grating sensors
Authors: Soman Rohan , Peters Kara , Wandowski Tomasz , Ostachowicz Wieslaw
Published: February 2024

Ultrasonic guided waves (GW) are commonly used in aerospace, civil, and mechanical industries for inspecting the health of a structure non-destructively. Traditionally the piezoelectric based actuators and sensors have been used for the actuation and sensing of GW. But the use of fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBG) is on the increase due to the unique opportunities offered by these sensors. There are several techniques that are used for damage mapping. The most commonly used in reflection based assessment domain are the ellipse based and hyperbola based approaches. Hyperbola approach is based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA). The time difference in the arrival time for two sensors with a common actuator is used for obtaining the hyperbola. The superposition of these hyperbolas for all possible actuator and sensor pairs may be used for damage localization. In this paper a new improved hyperbola approach for damage mapping is proposed by combining it with the ellipse based approach. In order to limit the number of computations a binary variable is introduced to check if the pixel fulfils the hyperbola and ellipse conditions. So only the regions of the structure which fulfil both conditions are mapped. This limits the number of hyperbolas which are identified as possible damage and improves the damage localization. The methodology is employed on a simple aluminium plate with acoustically FBG sensors. The performance of the new approach is compared with existing methods. The results indicate that indeed the improved hyperbola approach improves the localization. Also the computational load is reduced allowing more real time damage mapping.
A vibration-based Machine Learning type Structural Health Monitoring methodology for populations of composite aerostructures under uncertainty
Authors: Saramantas I E , Spiliotopoulos P E , Fera F T , Bourdalos D M , Sakellariou J S , Fassois S D , Ofir Y , Kressel I , Tur M , Spandonidis C
Published: February 2024

A robust to uncertainty Machine Learning (ML) based Structural Health Monitoring methodology for populations of composite aerostructures is postulated. The methodology is founded upon a number of unsupervised ML algorithms for damage detection and a supervised counterpart for damage characterization. Damage detection is specifically based on two types of Healthy Subspace representations: A Multiple Model (MM) and a varying radii Hyper-Sphere (HS) type. Both are built upon response-only vibration acceleration and/or strain signals at properly selected sensor locations. Based on them, Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) Transmittance Function AutoRegressive with eXogenous (TF-ARX) excitation data driven models representing the partial structural dynamics are obtained. Decision making is then based on the model parameter vector that may be transformed and reduced via Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Damage detection is achieved via multi-level information fusion using acceleration and/or strain sensors. Damage characterization, referring to damage type, location, and level determination, is achieved via a hierarchical cosine similarity based algorithm. The methodology is successfully assessed via hundreds of experiments using a population of small-scale composite coupons for the detection and characterization of Delamination and Impact damage under material/manufacturing, temperature, excitation, and experimental uncertainty.
A Novel, Non-Contact NDT Scanner Case Study: Thickness Measurement, Debonding and Defects Detection in Metallic and Composite Parts
Authors: Volker Arno , Stamoulis Konstantinos P , Schoemaker Christiaan , Apostolidis Asteris , Tongeren Donald van , Poppe Robert , Bekkema Bart , Martina Quincy
Published: February 2024

The NDT methods currently used in aviation MRO are predominantly labour-intensive and time-consuming processes performed by human operators throughout the lifespan of an aircraft. These techniques are time-consuming, require perpetual training and are highly dependent on the operator’s skills. Thus, there is a growing need for more efficient, automated, and accurate NDT tools that will be able to provide faster and less labour-intensive assessments. This study presents a novel, non-contact, automated NDT scanning system under development, which aims to reduce the inspection time significantly. The proposed technique uses a non-contact, Lamb wave-based approach. A further essential step during the process is to use an automated positioning system. Thickness mapping and defect detection in metal and composite structures have been performed. A local thickness map in the order of 1 mm has been obtained through a fast-scanning process with comparable resolution to conventional inspection techniques. Overall, it is currently concluded that the proposed NDT scanner is a promising tool that potentially can reduce the inspection time while also having the potential to automate the damage assessment resulting in more efficient MRO inspection processes.