bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case-Control Study of Dietary Choline Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Modified by Dietary B-Vitamin Intake
Authors: Chen Alyssa Y. , Matich Eryn K. , Laryea Jonathan , Hsu Ping-Ching , Su Lihchyun Joseph
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising, and Western diets high in red and processed meats may be contributing. It is important to identify dietary nutrients that increase CRC risk and perhaps interventions that may modulate such risk. The relationship between dietary choline intake and CRC is still unclear. We hypothesize that high dietary choline intake is associated with greater CRC risk, and B vitamin supplementation may modify this risk. Methods: In this case-control study, we collected demographic and dietary data using the validated National Cancer Institute CRC Risk Assessment Tool and Dietary Health Questionnaire III and analyzed colonoscopy outcomes. Logistic regression and stratified analyses were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios and evaluate for effect modification. Results: Of 52 total patients, 21 had a normal colonoscopy result, and 31 were found to either have benign polyps or CRC. The average dietary choline intake was 207 mg/day in the normal group and 297 mg/day in the abnormal outcome group. A doubling in dietary choline intake was significantly associated with increased odds of polyps or CRC (OR 25.32, 95% CI 1.95–327.94). When stratified by vitamin B levels, the effect modification was difficult to confidently quantify due to the limited sample size. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that higher dietary choline intake may be associated with an increased risk of CRC and its precursors, such as polyps. Although the potential modifying role of B vitamins was inconclusive, this study underscores the need for larger-scale research to further explore these associations and to assess the potential of dietary interventions in reducing CRC risk.
The Deuterium Oxide Dilution Method to Quantify Human Milk Intake Volume of Infants: A Systematic Review—A Contribution from the ConcePTION Project
Authors: Cloostermans Lucas , Allegaert Karel , Smits Anne , Van Neste Martje
Published: December 2024

Background: Global health organizations recommend breastfeeding, but maternal pharmacotherapy can disrupt this due to safety concerns. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models predict medication transfer through breastfeeding, relying on validated milk intake volume data. However, the literature is mainly focused on different measurement methods, or such intake data have been collected without systematic review. This systematic review therefore aims to gather data on human milk intake volume derived using the (dose-to-the-mother) deuterium oxide dilution method, allowing for comparison with the literature. Additionally, it aims to explore the effects of maternal conditions on milk intake volume. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane library, Scopus and CINAHL were searched for studies on the dilution method and breastfeeding in healthy infants. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) and the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool. Data on mean human milk intake volume were extracted and synthesized (mL/day and mL/kg/day) throughout infancy. Results: Sixty studies (34 countries) reported on the milk intake volume of 5502 infants. This intake was best described by logarithmic regression y(mL/kg/day) = 149.4002 − 0.2268 × x − 0.1365 × log(x) (x = postnatal age, days). Maternal conditions showed no significant influence on human milk intake, except for maternal smoking (reduction). Conclusions: This function corresponds with previous research, particularly for infants aged between 1.5 and 12 months. The limited availability of early infancy data underscores the need for additional data for future PBPK modeling to enhance informed healthcare decisions and improve outcomes for mothers and infants.
Associations Between Metabolic Age, Sociodemographic Variables, and Lifestyle Factors in Spanish Workers
Authors: Ramírez-Gallegos Ignacio , Marina-Arroyo Marta , López-González Ángel Arturo , Vallejos Daniela , Martínez-Almoyna-Rifá Emilio , Tárraga López Pedro Juan , Ramírez-Manent José Ignacio
Published: December 2024

Background: Metabolic age is defined as an estimation of a person’s age based on their basal metabolic rate (BMR) and other physiological health indicators. Unlike chronological age, which simply measures the number of years lived since birth, metabolic age is based on various health and fitness markers that estimate the body’s “true” biological age and can be assessed using various methodologies, including bioimpedance. The aim of this study was to evaluate how age, sex, social class, smoking habits, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet influence metabolic age. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on 8590 Spanish workers in the Balearic Islands. A series of sociodemographic variables and health-related habits were assessed, while metabolic age was measured using bioimpedance. A metabolic age exceeding chronological age by 12 years or more was considered high. A descriptive analysis of categorical variables was performed by calculating their frequency and distribution. By applying multivariate models, specifically multinomial logistic regression, we observe that all independent variables (sex, age, social class, physical activity, mediterranean diet, and smoking) show varying levels of association with the occurrence of high metabolic age values. Among these independent variables, those showing the highest degree of association, represented by odds ratios, are physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and social class. In all cases, the observed differences demonstrate a high level of statistical significance (p < 0.001). Results: The factors with the greatest influence were physical inactivity, with an OR of 5.07; and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, with an OR of 2.8; followed by social class, with an OR of 2.51. Metabolic age increased with chronological age and was higher in males, with an OR of 1.38. Smoking also had a negative impact on metabolic age, with an OR of 1.19. Conclusions: Mediterranean diet is associated with a higher metabolic age. The most influential factors on metabolic age are physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, followed by the individual’s socioeconomic class. Smoking also contributes to increased metabolic age, albeit to a lesser extent.
Social and Mental Health Factors Involved in the Severity of Loneliness in Older Individuals in a Spanish Rural Area
Authors: Mafla-España Mayra Alejandra , Corchón Silvia , Jimeno-de Pedro Paula , Ibáñez-del Valle Vanessa , Cauli Omar
Published: December 2024

Background: Loneliness in older people, especially those living in rural areas, is a phenomenon that has received little attention in research and can have detrimental effects on quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate loneliness and the psychosocial factors associated with loneliness in rural Spain, which have been minimally studied. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of permanently resident older people in the Rincón de Ademuz region (Valencia, Spain), a geographic area with very low population density. Emotional and social loneliness were assessed using the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. We also assessed whether loneliness is associated with sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and autonomy in basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Results: A total of 108 community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older participated in the study out of a total sample of 181. Of them, 30.6% experienced feelings of moderate loneliness, while 2.8% presented severe loneliness. A significant correlation was found between loneliness and age (Rho = 0.28, p = 0.003). Significant differences were also observed between emotional loneliness and gender (p = 0.03) but not between social loneliness and the total score on the de Jong Gierveld Scale. Men experienced more emotional loneliness than women. In the multivariate analyses, significant associations were found between the degree of loneliness and having sons/daughters (p = 0.03; odds ratio [OR] = 0.24; 95% CI 0.06–0.89) and the role of caring for a dependent person (p = 0.002; odds ratio [OR] = 0.05; 95% CI 0.009–0.36) but not living with sons/daughters or the presence of grandchildren. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of loneliness among older people living in rural areas, which is associated with some social factors. Therefore, nursing care plans should include assessments and interventions to prevent or detect and address loneliness in older people. This study was retrospectively registered in ClinicalTrials on 24 April 2024 with registration number NCT06382181.
Enhancing Nursing Competencies: An Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Dental Trauma Management Among Nursing Students—An Interventional Study
Authors: Carrion-Ruiz Beatriz Emilia , Cabrera-Fernandez Alberto , Crespo-Gallardo Isabel , Cabanillas-Balsera Daniel , Segura-Egea Juan J. , Pabón-Carrasco Manuel , Martin-Gonzalez Jenifer
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) present a significant challenge for healthcare professionals. Nurses, often the first point of contact for patients, may lack essential knowledge in dental trauma first aid, as noted in the existing literature. Objective: To assess the knowledge of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) among undergraduate nursing students before and after a targeted educational intervention. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study evaluated the effectiveness of an educational intervention involving 300 nursing students from two universities in Seville. The educational intervention was led by specialist dentists. A pre-test survey was administered to assess students’ baseline knowledge. The session included a lecture on TDI management, followed by a simulation in which students practiced emergency splinting techniques for referral to a dentist. A post-test survey was then conducted to measure changes in students’ knowledge and attitudes towards dental trauma. Results: Only 25.4% of students had prior training in dental trauma. After the intervention, there was a significant improvement in students’ self-assessed knowledge of first aid for TDIs (p < 0.05). A high percentage of students also reported increased confidence in their ability to reimplant a tooth. Statistical analysis of pre- and post-intervention survey results showed a substantial increase in average scores (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Nursing students initially exhibited limited knowledge in managing dental trauma but demonstrated a positive attitude toward learning this new skill. The targeted educational intervention significantly enhanced their understanding, underscoring the need to incorporate such training into nursing curricula. By improving nursing students’ competence in managing dental injuries, this training can help better preserve dental structures and improve the prognosis for dental trauma cases.
Is a No-Restraint Policy Associated with Increased Aggression Towards Healthcare Professionals Among Inpatient Psychiatric Units? A 16-Year Retrospective Observational Study Conducted in Italy
Authors: Colizzi Marco , Comacchio Carla , Garzitto Marco , Napoli Giovanni , Battiston Chiara , Tam Tatiana , Bertoli Marco , Anzallo Calogero , Palese Alvisa , Balestrieri Matteo
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate aggression-related work accidents in an inpatient psychiatric unit before and after implementing a no-restraint policy in Italy. Results revealed that, over the study period (2007–2022), 113 accidents occurred, mostly related to physical aggression (81.4%), with healthcare assistants and psychiatric nurses being the most affected and more accidents occurring during the morning shift (49.6%). A transitory peak of accidents occurred during the policy transition (χ22 = 16.0, p < 0.001; V = 1.000), falling rapidly in the subsequent years. In conclusion, adopting a no-restraint policy is not associated with increased aggression toward staff in psychiatric healthcare in the longer term, although greater support is needed during the transition phase to minimize risks.
Dementia Prevention Self-Management in Older Thai Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Development and Psychometric Properties of Two Questionnaires
Authors: Pipatpiboon Noppamas , Sripetchwandee Jirapas , Kantawong Eakachai , Budda Ruksanudt , Bressington Daniel
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The prevalence of dementia, a complication of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is rising among older adults. Effective self-management for dementia prevention is essential, but no validated questionnaires currently exist to evaluate these behaviors. Methods: The Dementia Preventive Individual and Family Self-Management Process Questionnaire (DP-IFSM-PQ) and the Dementia Preventive Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire (DPSMBQ) were developed based on the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory to evaluate dementia prevention self-management behaviors in older adults with T2DM. Items for the DP-IFSM-PQ (30 items) and DPSMBQ (29 items) were generated through literature review and tested for face validity. A quantitative cross-sectional study evaluated their psychometric properties using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 311) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 254). Results: The final DP-IFSM-PQ comprises four factors and 29 items, showing acceptable fit with limited discriminant validity. The DPSMBQ includes seven factors and 27 items, demonstrating good fit and acceptable discriminant validity. Conclusions: The Thai-language DP-IFSM-PQ and DPSMBQ show reasonable psychometric properties for application in Thai older adults, but revisions of certain items and further studies are recommended to reassess their properties.
An Overview of Pyrazole-Tetrazole-Based Hybrid Compounds: Synthesis Methods, Biological Activities and Energetic Properties
Authors: Cherfi Mounir , Harit Tarik , Amanchar Malika , Oulous Ahlam , Malek Fouad
Published: December 2024

Pyrazole and tetrazole are among the most important heterocyclic members of the azole family. Over the past decade, these N-heterocycles and their derivatives have demonstrated specific properties that give them potent applications in several fields such as pharmacology, technology, and agriculture. Combining these two azoles in single hybrid architecture has given rise to highly potent molecules in terms of efficacy and specificity, with enhanced and scalable properties. In this context, the present paper deals with the literature of the last 10 years describing the synthesis protocols for pyrazole-tetrazole-based molecules. Their biological activities as well as their energetic properties are also reported.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Traits Predict Interoceptive Deficits and Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Children and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa—A Cross-Sectional Analysis: Italian Preliminary Data
Authors: Califano Maria , Pruccoli Jacopo , Martucci Melania , Visconti Caterina , Barasciutti Emma , Sogos Carla , Parmeggiani Antonia
Published: December 2024

Background: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe Feeding and Eating Disorder (FED) that is more prevalent in females, often manifesting during adolescence. Recent research highlights an elevated presence of comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) traits among individuals with AN, with specific expressions in females accounting for sensorial and interoceptive experiences. This study retrospectively explores the association between ASD traits, eating symptomatology, and interoceptive deficits in Italian female adolescents with AN. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of female AN/Atypical AN patients (n = 52) aged 13–17 years was conducted at two university pediatric hospitals in Italy. The participants underwent neuropsychiatric assessments, including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2), and measurement of ASD traits with the Autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), camouflaging ASD traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and FED-symptomatology-related measures. Results: Overall, 9.6% of the participants exhibited an ADOS-2 clinical impression consistent with ASD. Higher scores in AQ and CAT-Q revealed ASD traits and camouflaging strategies. The interoceptive deficits positively correlated with the ASD traits, alexithymia, and camouflage, and TAS—Difficulty Identifying Feelings emerged as the sole predictor for interoceptive deficits. Discussion: This Italian study preliminarily underscores the importance of recognizing ASD traits in the AN population, emphasizing early intervention strategies. The intersection of alexithymia and interoceptive deficits emerges as a crucial nexus between ASD and AN, with potential therapeutic implications.
Evaluation of Hippocampal Microanatomy and Neuro-Biomarkers Following Administration of Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Experimental Diabetic Rats
Authors: Lawal Sodiq Kolawole , Olojede Samuel Oluwaseun , Alabi Babatunde Adebola , Dithole Kafalotse Sylvia , Matula Samuel Thopho , Naidu Edwin Coleridge , Rennie Carmen Olivia , Azu Onyemaechi Okpara
Published: December 2024

Adverse complications like metabolic disorders, neurotoxicity, and low central nervous system (CNS) penetration are associated with the long-term use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Therefore, some modifications are required to enhance neurological functions using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-conjugated TDF as AgNPs-TDF on the hippocampal microanatomy and some neuro-biomarkers of diabetic rats. Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, with an average weight of 250 ± 13 g, were divided into non-diabetic and diabetic groups. They were further divided into 3 groups each (n = 7): non-diabetic control (NC), non-diabetic + TDF (NTF), and non-diabetic + TDF + silver nanoparticles (NTS), as well as diabetic control (DC), diabetic + TDF (DTF), and diabetic + TDF + silver nanoparticles (DTS). The characterization of AgNPs-TDF was assessed, and the conjugates were administered to the diabetic rats, followed by behavioral testing and biochemical, immunohistochemical, and microanatomy analyses of the hippocampus. The results showed that the administration of AgNPs-TDF significantly reduced the blood glucose level, malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory biomarker concentrations in DTS compared with the DTF and DC groups. Furthermore, AgNPs-TDF administration significantly increased the levels of tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), and insulin-like growth factor-1 in DTS compared with the DTF and DC groups. In addition, the DTS group revealed a monomorphic pattern of dark-stained neuronal nuclei similar to the control group and showed neuroprotective effects on hippocampal microanatomy compared with the DTF group. This study shows that AgNPs-TDF restores various alterations in the hippocampus and improves cognitive functions in diabetic rats.
(-)-Syringaresinol Exerts an Antidepressant-like Activity in Mice by Noncompetitive Inhibition of the Serotonin Transporter
Authors: Wu Yingyao , Cai Jianxin , Liu Hanhe , Li Chan , Tang Qingfa , Zhang Yuan-Wei
Published: December 2024

Background: Albizia julibrissin Durazz. is one of the most popular herbs used for depression treatment, but the molecular basis for its mechanism of action has not been fully addressed. Previously, we isolated and identified two lignan glycoside derivatives that were shown to noncompetitively inhibit serotonin transporter (SERT) activity but with a relatively low inhibitory potency compared with those of conventional antidepressants. Methods: We characterized the pharmacological profile of the parental compound of these previously isolated lignan glycosides, (-)-syringaresinol (SYR), in inhibiting SERT by using biochemical, pharmacological, and behavioral approaches. Results: SYR, as a potent inhibitor, decreases SERT Vmax but with little change in Km for its fluorescent substrate. SYR was shown to block the conformational conversion essential for substrate transport by stabilizing SERT in an outward-open and inward-closed conformation. In addition, our molecular docking and biochemical validation demonstrated that SYR binds to an allosteric site in SERT and noncompetitively inhibits SERT transport and binding activity. Furthermore, administration of SYR was indicated to exert an antidepressant-like activity and to effectively attenuate chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced abnormalities in behaviors and synaptic protein expression in depressive animal models. Conclusions: This study not only provides molecular insights into the mechanism of action of A. julibrissin in the treatment of depression, but also opens up the possibility of development of a novel class of allosteric site-targeted therapeutic agents with an underlying mechanism of action different from that of conventional antidepressants.
The Melatonin Type 2 Receptor Agonist IIK7 Attenuates and Reverses Morphine Tolerance in Neuropathic Pain Rats Through the Suppression of Neuroinflammation in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Kuthati Yaswanth , Wong Chih-Shung
Published: December 2024

Background: Morphine analgesic tolerance (MAT) limits the clinical application of morphine in the management of chronic pain. IIK7 is a melatonin type 2 (MT2) receptor agonist known to have antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress is recognized as a critical factor in MAT. This study sought to assess the impact of IIK7 on the progression of MAT and its potential to reverse pre-existing MAT. Methods: Wistar rats underwent partial sciatic nerve transection (PSNT) surgery to induce neuropathic pain (NP). Seven days post nerve transection, we implanted an intrathecal (i.t.) catheter and linked it to an osmotic pump. Rats were randomly divided into the following groups: sham-operated/vehicle, PSNT/vehicle, PSNT/IIK7 50 ng/h, PSNT/MOR 15 g/h, and PSNT/MOR 15 g + IIK7 50 ng/h. We implanted two i.t. catheters for drug administration and the evaluation of the efficacy of IIK7 in reversing pre-established MAT. We linked one to an osmotic pump for MOR or saline continuous i.t. infusion. On the 7th day, the osmotic pump was disconnected, and 50 μg of IIK7 or the vehicle was administered through the second catheter. After 3 h, 15 μg of MOR or saline was administered, and the animal behavior tests were performed. We measured the levels of mRNA for Nrf2 and HO-1, pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs), and the microglial and astrocyte activation in the spinal cord. Results: The co-administration of IIK7 with MOR delayed MAT development in PSNT rats by restoring Nrf2 and HO-1 while also inhibiting the microglial-cell and astrocyte activation, alongside the suppression of PICs. Additionally, a single injection of high-dose 50 μg IIK7 was efficient in restoring MOR’s antinociception in MOR-tolerant rats. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the co-infusion of ultra-low-dose IIK7 can delay MAT development and a high dose can reverse pre-existing MAT.
The Role of Pharmacometrics in Advancing the Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Świerczek Artur , Batko Dominika , Wyska Elżbieta
Published: December 2024

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a group of disorders in which the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and organ damage. These diseases are difficult to treat due to variability in drug PK among individuals, patient responses to treatment, and the side effects of long-term immunosuppressive therapies. In recent years, pharmacometrics has emerged as a critical tool in drug discovery and development (DDD) and precision medicine. The aim of this review is to explore the diverse roles that pharmacometrics has played in addressing the challenges associated with DDD and personalized therapies in the treatment of AIDs. Methods: This review synthesizes research from the past two decades on pharmacometric methodologies, including Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling, Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, disease progression (DisP) modeling, population modeling, model-based meta-analysis (MBMA), and Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP). The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into pharmacometrics is also discussed. Results: Pharmacometrics has demonstrated significant potential in optimizing dosing regimens, improving drug safety, and predicting patient-specific responses in AIDs. PBPK and PK/PD models have been instrumental in personalizing treatments, while DisP and QSP models provide insights into disease evolution and pathophysiological mechanisms in AIDs. AI/ML implementation has further enhanced the precision of these models. Conclusions: Pharmacometrics plays a crucial role in bridging pre-clinical findings and clinical applications, driving more personalized and effective treatments for AIDs. Its integration into DDD and translational science, in combination with AI and ML algorithms, holds promise for advancing therapeutic strategies and improving autoimmune patients’ outcomes.
Adaptive Transverse Laser Shaping and Its Application in a Photocathode Gun
Authors: Liu Zhongqi , Jia Haoyan , Xu Hang , Xu Jinqiang , Huang Senlin
Published: December 2024

In a high-brightness photocathode gun, the non-uniformity in both the transverse distribution of the photocathode drive laser and the quantum efficiency (QE) map can lead to degradation in electron beam quality. This study explores an adaptive transverse laser shaping technique and its application to improve the uniformity of the electrons emitted from the photocathode. Utilizing a spatial light modulator (SLM) with a feedback algorithm, we effectively control the drive laser distribution and achieve single-shot QE map measurement and QE compensation. The experiments conducted on the DC-SRF-II gun demonstrate a rapid and efficient QE measurement process, as well as a notable improvement in electron beam uniformity. Our study offers a promising approach for improving beam quality in accelerator applications that demand high-brightness electron sources.
Enhancing Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Productivity: Foliar Sprayed Fe-Alg-CaCO3 MPs as Fertilizers for Aquaponics Cultivation
Authors: Frassine Davide , Braglia Roberto , Scuderi Francesco , Redi Enrico Luigi , Valentini Federica , Relucenti Michela , Colasanti Irene Angela , Macchia Andrea , Allegrini Ivo , Gismondi Angelo , Di Marco Gabriele , Canini Antonella
Published: December 2024

Aquaponics is an innovative agricultural method combining aquaculture and hydroponics. However, this balance can lead to the gradual depletion of essential micronutrients, particularly iron. Over time, decreasing iron levels can negatively impact plant health and productivity, making the monitoring and management of iron in aquaponic systems vital. This study investigates the use of Fe-Alg-CaCO3 microparticles (MPs) as foliar fertilizer on lettuce plants in an aquaponic system. The research investigated Lactuca sativa L. cv. Foglia di Quercia Verde plants as the experimental cultivar. Three iron concentrations (10, 50, and 250 ppm) were tested, with 15 plants per treatment group, plus a control group receiving only sterile double-distilled water. The Fe-Alg-CaCO3 MPs and ultrapure water were applied directly to the leaves using a specialized nebulizer. Foliar nebulization was chosen for its precision and minimal resource use, aligning with the sustainability goals of aquaponic cultivation. The research evaluated rosette diameter, root length, fresh weight, soluble solids concentration, levels of photosynthetic pigments, and phenolic and flavonoid content. The 250 ppm treatment produced the most notable enhancements in both biomass yield and quality, highlighting the potential of precision fertilizers to boost sustainability and efficiency in aquaponic systems. In fact, the most significant increases involved biomass production, particularly in the edible portions, along with photosynthetic pigment levels. Additionally, the analysis of secondary metabolite content, such as phenols and flavonoids, revealed no reduction compared to the control group, meaning that the proposed fertilizer did not negatively impact the biosynthetic pathways of these bioactive compounds. This study opens new possibilities in aquaponics cultivation, highlighting the potential of precision fertilizers to enhance sustainability and productivity in soilless agriculture.
Using In Vitro and In Silico Analysis to Investigate the Chemical Profile and Biological Properties of Polygonum istanbulicum Extracts
Authors: Angeles Flores Giancarlo , Cusumano Gaia , Zengin Gokhan , Cetiz Mehmet Veysi , Uba Abdullahi Ibrahim , Senkardes Ismail , Koyuncu Ismail , Yuksekdag Ozgur , Kalyniukova Alina , Emiliani Carla , Venanzoni Roberto , Angelini Paola
Published: December 2024

The present study investigates the chemical profile and biological activities of Polygonum istanbulicum M. Keskin, a species endemic to Turkey, aiming to explore its potential applications in pharmacology. We assessed its phenolic and flavonoid content by employing ethyl acetate, methanol, and water as extraction solvents. The methanol extract demonstrated the highest concentrations of these compounds, with liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-qTOF) analysis identifying a wide range of bioactive substances, such as derivatives of quercetin and myricetin. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and phosphomolybdenum assays, with the methanol extract showing the most potent activity (DPPH: 892.22 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g; ABTS: 916.21 mg TE/g; CUPRAC: 1082.69 mg TE/g; FRAP: 915.05 mg TE/g). Enzyme inhibition assays highlighted the efficacy of P. istanbulicum extracts against key enzymes, with potential implications for managing Alzheimer’s disease, hyperpigmentation, and type 2 diabetes. Cytotoxicity tests against various cancer cell lines showed notable activity, particularly with the aqueous extract on the HGC-27 cell line (IC50: 29.21 µg/mL), indicating potential for targeted anti-cancer therapy. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations further supported the binding affinities of quercetin and myricetin derivatives to cancer-related proteins, suggesting significant therapeutic potential. This study underscores the value of P. istanbulicum as a source of bioactive compounds with applications in antioxidant, anti-cancer, and enzyme-inhibitory treatments.
The Application of Porous Carbon Derived from Furfural Residue as the Electrode Material in Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Zhiyin , Hu Huimin , Yang Jie , He Zhengguang , Zhu Guangyue , Wen Chang
Published: December 2024

Resource use is crucial for the sustainable growth of energy and green low-carbon applications since the improper handling of biomass waste would have a detrimental effect on the environment. This paper used nano-ZnO and ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8, APS) as a template agent and heteroatom dopant, respectively. Using a one-step carbonization process in an inert atmosphere, the biomass waste furfural residue (FR) was converted into porous carbon (PC), which was applied to the supercapacitor electrode. The impact of varying APS ratios and carbonization temperatures on the physicochemical properties and electrochemical properties of PC was studied. O, S, and N atoms were evenly distributed in the carbon skeleton, producing abundant heteroatomic functional groups. The sample with the largest specific surface area (SSA, 855.62 m2 g−1) was made at 900 °C without the addition of APS. With the increase in adding the ratio of APS, the SSA and pore volume of the sample were reduced, owing to the combination of APS and ZnO to form ZnS during the carbonization process, which inhibited the pore generation and activation effect of ZnO and damaged the pore structure of PC. At 0.5 A g−1 current density, PC900-1 (FR: ZnO: APS ratio 1:1:1, prepared at 900 °C) exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 153.03 F g−1, whereas it had limited capacitance retention at high current density. PC900-0.1 displayed high specific capacitance (141.32 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1), capacitance retention (80.7%), low equivalent series resistance (0.306 Ω), and charge transfer resistance (0.145 Ω) and showed good rate and energy characteristics depending on the synergistic effect of the double layer capacitance and pseudo-capacitance. In conclusion, the prepared FR-derived PC can meet the application of a supercapacitor energy storage field and realize the resource and functional utilization of biomass, which has a good application prospect.
The Neutron Absorption Capacity of a Composite Material Based on Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Under Reactor Radiation Conditions
Authors: Skakov Mazhyn , Tuyakbayev Baurzhan , Kozhakhmetov Yernat , Sapatayev Yerzhan
Published: December 2024

This work presents the results of a study on the influence of fillers on the neutron absorption capacity of materials made from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Composite materials based on UHMWPE were obtained using gas-flame technology with the addition of powdered UHMWPE fillers (H3BO3, WC, and PbO). A radiation cassette has been developed and constructed for conducting studies on the neutron absorption capacity of the material, allowing for the placement of a sample with activation indicators. Samples of UHMWPE with fillers were irradiated at different doses on the unique research reactor IVG-1M, located at the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the city of Kurchatov. The reaction rate of 63Cu (n, g), 64Cu and 58Ni (n, p)58Co on activation indicators and neutron flux density at the sample location were determined. Neutron-physical and thermal-physical calculations were performed in order to determine their characteristics. The structure and phase state of UHMWPE with fillers were studied before and after irradiation.
Highly Efficient and Environmentally Friendly Walnut Shell Carbon for the Removal of Ciprofloxacin, Diclofenac, and Sulfamethoxazole from Aqueous Solutions and Real Wastewater
Authors: Tunay Seda , Koklu Rabia , Imamoglu Mustafa
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of walnut shell-derived activated carbon with phosphoric acid (WSAC) in the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP), diclofenac (DC), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from aqueous solutions and real wastewater. WSAC was characterized using various analytical techniques such as specific surface area and pore size distribution determination, elemental analysis, SEM images, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The BET-specific surface area of WSAC was determined to be 1428 m2 g−1. The surface is characterized by the presence of irregular pits of varying dimensions and shapes. The adsorption of SMX, CIP, and DC from aqueous solutions using WSAC was tested under various parameters, including contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, pH, and temperature. The adsorption of SMX, CIP, and DC was found to be in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm model, which suggests that monomolecular adsorption is the predominant mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacities of WSAC towards SMX, CIP, and DC were calculated to be 476.2, 185.2, and 135.1 mg g−1, respectively. The adsorption of SMX, CIP, and DC were found to be consistent with the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analyses demonstrated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of SMX, CIP, and DC adsorption onto WSAC. The adsorption performances of SMX, CIP, and DC on WSAC were found to be 60.2%, 77.4%, and 74.2%, respectively in the effluent from the municipal wastewater treatment plant. In conclusion, WSAC may be regarded as a readily available, eco-friendly, and efficient substance for the extraction of SMX, CIP, and DC from wastewater and aqueous solutions.
Impression Reference Technique for the Open Flap Digital Workflow in the Immediate Loading Rehabilitation of the Upper and Lower Jaws
Authors: Pellegrino Gerardo , Anselmo Gabriele , Barausse Carlo , Ratti Stefano , Breccia Cristiana , Mancuso Edoardo , Giudice Amerigo , Di Bene Pietro , Felice Pietro
Published: December 2024

Immediate loading implant surgery has emerged as a significant advancement in the rehabilitation of edentulous patients. This approach requires meticulous planning and precise execution to ensure successful outcomes. Transferring established intermaxillary and occlusal relationships to the definitive prostheses can be challenging. However, with a digital approach, this procedure can be standardized in cases of fully guided surgery with a flapless technique or by using disposable guides. Conversely, when extensive open flap implant surgery is required, such as in the treatment of severely atrophic patients (e.g., with zygomatic implants or simultaneous bone augmentation), the digital workflow can be demanding. The impression reference technique was proposed to enhance the digital workflow for immediate loading in zygomatic implant rehabilitation. This study aims to describe the impression reference technique, applied to both upper and lower jaws for immediate loading open flap rehabilitations, using standard implants.
Anxiety and Avoidance in Attachment as Predictors of Emotional Regulation Difficulties in University Students
Authors: Morales-Sanhueza Jessica , Martín-Mora-Parra Guadalupe
Published: December 2024

The high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in youngsters has resulted in two thirds of mental health problems emerging before the age of 25. In this context, various studies have indicated that attachment styles and emotional regulation are relevant factors for the health of this population. Likewise, a close relationship has been established between both constructs, associating secure attachment with greater regulatory skills and a lower risk of mental health problems. However, in Chile there are no studies that specifically analyze the influence of anxiety and attachment avoidance on emotional regulation, nor the influence of other factors such as biological sex. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to analyze how these variables interact with each other. For this purpose, the Experience in Close Relationships Scale (ECR-R) and the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS-E) were applied to a sample of 557 Chilean university students. The analysis of results, based on the construction of a moderated mediation model, revealed that anxiety and avoidance are predictors of emotional regulation difficulties. However, the influence of anxiety on emotional regulation would be greater than that of avoidance and would be moderated by biological sex, showing the need to design differentiated interventions for men and women.
Validity of the Greek Knowledge About Childhood Autism Among Health Workers (KCAHW) Questionnaire
Authors: Zarokanellou Vasiliki , Gryparis Alexandros , Papagiannopoulou Evridiki , Siafaka Vassiliki
Published: December 2024

The study investigates the reliability and validity of the Greek version of the knowledge about childhood autism among health workers (KCAHQ) questionnaire. A total of 541 allied healthcare participants (n1 = 471 students; n2 = 70 professionals) provided their socio-demographic variables and completed the KCAHQ. Analysis showed overall floor-ceiling effects lower than 15% and skewness-kurtosis values between ±2. The internal consistency was good (Kuder–Richardson 21 = 0.80) and all domains were significantly correlated with each other, with Spearman’s coefficients ranging from 0.26 to 0.57. The split-half reliability was satisfactory, with the Spearman–Brown and lambda 4 coefficients equal to 0.618 and 0.613, respectively. All the goodness of fit indices generated by confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable (CFI = 0.88; TLI = 0.861, RMSEA = 0.052). Being a professional, having personal contact with an individual with autism, and having received autism-specific training significantly increased scores on the KCAHW. Overall, the Greek KCAHQ seems reliable and valid; however, domain 4 presents insufficient internal consistency.
Aeolian Sands of the Temperate Boreal Zone (Northern Asia)
Authors: Akulov Nikolay , Rubtsova Maria , Akulova Varvara , Ryzhov Yurii , Smirnov Maksim
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the Quaternary aeolian sands of the boreal zone of north Asia. Using the example of the study reference sections of the Selenga Dauria (Western Transbaikalia), it was established that the activation of aeolian processes is determined by the complex interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors. Natural factors include neotectonic movements; wide distribution of alluvial and lacustrine-alluvial deposits; a sharply continental semi-arid climate; and forest-steppe and steppe vegetation. Among the anthropogenic factors, the leading ones are deforestation, plowing of land and construction of new settlements, roads and other line structures. The obtained radiocarbon dating of buried soils and coal from ancient fire pits indicates the activation of aeolian processes during the Holocene. The main sources for aeolian transport (winnowing) are sands located in the areas of river and lake beaches, floodplains and river terraces. Almost all aeolian sands of the boreal zone were formed as a result of short-range wind transport. They form mini-deserts unfixed by vegetation, with active aeolian processes, dunes, barkhans and deflationary basins. Aeolian swells and blowout basins characterize aeolian landscapes weakly fixed by vegetation. It is noted that aeolian deposits of the boreal zone of north Asia, in contrast to similar sands of the subtropical and tropic zones, consist of coarser-grained material. Medium- and fine-grained sands dominate their composition, which is polymineral and well-sorted. In subtropical and tropical deserts, they are predominantly monomineral, fine and fine-grained. At the same time, mainly minerals that are unstable to weathering (feldspars, plagioclases, pyroxenes and amphiboles) represent the mineralogical composition of the studied aeolian sands. Weathering-resistant minerals dominate the sands of classical deserts: quartz, leucoxene, ilmenite, epidote, zircon, garnets, tourmaline, rutile and others. Modern aeolian landscapes are a unique natural formation for the boreal zone of north Asia and can be successfully used for the development of ecotourism.
Selection of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipases for Efficient Ester Synthesis or Hydrolysis
Authors: Souza Aline Habibe de , Moura Mylla F. C. de , Franson Rafaelle C. B. , Carvalho Tamires , Martins Marcel G. , Pereira Adejanildo da Silva , Torres Alexandre G. , Amaral Priscilla F. F.
Published: December 2024

The species Yarrowia lipolytica is an aerobic yeast that produces different lipase isoforms, including extracellular, intracellular, and membrane-bound ones. The immobilization of lipases, such as those from Y. lipolytica, increases enzyme stability and lowers operational costs, through its reuse. The characterization of those biocatalysts is highly important to orientate their technological applications. The present work aims to obtain different Y. lipolytica lipases, through fermentation and immobilization techniques, and to evaluate the ester synthesis and hydrolysis activity of these biocatalysts in comparison to a commercial lipase produced by Candida rugosa and test them for phytosterol ester production. High immobilization yield was achieved by microencapsulating Y. lipolytica lipase extract on magnetic nanoparticles (>99.7%). However, immobilization significantly reduced their activity (more than 90%). Lipases from Y. lipolytica showed greater 4-nitrophenyl laurate synthesis in relation to the lipase from C. rugosa. However, C. rugosa lipase was still the best biocatalyst for β-sitosterol oleate synthesis, with a conversion of more than 99%. Y. lipolytica lipases can be good catalysts for ester hydrolysis reactions, even for ester synthesis, but are not good catalysts specifically for phytosterol esters synthesis.
The Living Dead: An Interpretation of the Metaphor of Death in Daoist Inner Alchemy
Authors: Geng Qiongke
Published: December 2024

This article explores the metaphor of death in Qing 清 Dynasty Daoist inner alchemy (neidan 內丹) scriptures, which require practitioners to consider themselves dead or living dead, and argues that this metaphor of death can be traced back to the connotation of the “living dead” proposed by the founder of Complete Perfection (Quanzhen 全真), Wang Chongyang 王重陽, in the Jin 金 Dynasty, who demonstrated his desire for the return of Dao by digging a grave for himself and referring to himself as a living dead man. In addition, this paper also analyzes the psychological connotations represented by the living dead, pointing out that it contains a profound theme of death and rebirth.
Enterprise Risk Management: Improving Embedded Risk Management and Risk Governance
Authors: Gleißner Werner , Berger Thomas B.
Published: December 2024

We argue for an integrated, decision-oriented enterprise risk management (ERM) system focused on value drivers rather than risk minimization and using quantitative risk aggregation based on the best available information. Our holistic view on ERM includes cultural, organizational, and technical aspects, presenting seven areas for more effective risk governance and resilience grounded in a robust enterprise framework. Our analysis, supported by a structured literature review, covers these seven key areas for ERM development. Our review shows that risk aggregation, quantification, and decision-making support are only covered by a few publications. The paper offers insights on linking risk management with strategic decision-making using risk aggregation techniques (Monte Carlo simulation).
SSOD-QCTR: Semi-Supervised Query Consistent Transformer for Optical Remote Sensing Image Object Detection
Authors: Ma Xinyu , Lv Pengyuan , Gong Xunqiang
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a semi-supervised query consistent transformer for optical remote sensing image object detection (SSOD-QCTR). A detection transformer (DETR)-like model is adopted as the basic network, and it follows the teacher–student training scheme. The proposed method makes three major contributions. Firstly, to consider the problem of inaccurate pseudo-labels generated in the initial training epochs, a dynamic geometry-aware-based intersection over union (DGAIoU) loss function is proposed to dynamically update the weight coefficients according to the quality of the pseudo-labels in the current epoch. Secondly, we propose an improved focal (IF) loss function, which deals with the category imbalance problem by decreasing the category probability coefficients of the major categories. Thirdly, to solve the problem of uncertain correspondence between the output of the teacher and student models caused by the random initialization of the object queries, a query consistency (QC)-based loss function is proposed to introduce a consistency constraint of the outputs of the two models by taking the same regions of interest extracted from the pseudo-labels as the input object query. Extensive exploratory experiments on two publicly available datasets, DIOR and HRRSD, demonstrated that SSOD-QCTR outperforms the related methods, achieving a mAP of 65.28% and 81.73% for the DIOR and HRRSD datasets, respectively.