bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Affective Domain of E-Commerce
Authors: Ateş Vildan
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to examine customer perceptions in the affective domain that directly or indirectly influence the shopping process and purchasing decision between the online customer and online shopping sites. This chapter investigates the effects of nine different perceptions as perceived benefit, perceived control, perceived customer services, perceived customization, perceived risk, perceived security, perceived self-efficiency, perceived privacy, and perceived value on the trust, satisfaction, and loyalty of online customers. Revealing the effects of these relationships on online customer trust, satisfaction and loyalty is important for online shopping sites to maintain their existence in the long-run, be able to compete with others, and increase their profitability.
The Potential and Capabilities of NoSQL Databases for ERP Systems
Authors: Ekren Gülay , Erkollar Alptekin
Published: September 2019

Today, nearly all possible business activities or information systems in enterprises such as sales, marketing, accounting, finance, customer relations, and manufacturing are carried out through traditional relational database management systems. However, technological, social, and competitive pressures in enterprises coming together with the rapid change in technology and then the problems arising from traditional databases force enterprises to adopt new database technologies. This chapter aims to highlight the main differences between traditional relational databases and NoSQL databases and to present an overview of the concepts, features, potential, problems, benefits, and limitations of NoSQL databases for enterprise information management systems, for especially enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, which have a significant role in digital transformation of enterprises.
FinTech in the Saudi Context
Authors: Abubotain Faisal , Chamakiotis Petros
Published: September 2019

With the constant development in FinTech globally, Saudi Arabia is a late arrival in the FinTech world. However, the FinTech growth pace in Saudi is fast and not slowing down. This fast pace is confusing stakeholders, including bankers. This chapter unpacks how FinTech is developing in Saudi Arabia, considers the challenges and opportunities that FinTech may be facing in Saudi, and discusses how these changes may affect current bankers and how future bankers can be ready to enter the new market. The study draws on interviews with professionals in the banking and FinTech industries and makes two contributions: It suggests that FinTech is affecting retail and long-tail clients of banks (i.e., the effect on core banking operations, such as corporate banking and treasury). Findings also highlight that professionals should upgrade their knowledge around matters necessary to retain their jobs in the sector. The study has implications for future bankers (i.e., university students), suggesting that university curricula should be updated to include relevant knowledge and professional placements.
Internet of Things and Location-Based Services
Authors: Bhatia Shaveta
Published: September 2019

The progressive rise of mobile computing devices and wireless networks have created a lot of interest in location-based systems and services. The involvement of internet applications in almost every field has changed our lives. Location-based services are the services provided to mobile users according to their geographic locations. Each user wants to get the service according to his/her own interest. The general user's actions in location-based services are locating, searching, navigating, identification, and checking. The location identification has now become a critical attribute. Today, internet of things in the field of location-based services (LBS) provide services to the mobile users by explore the location depending on the geographical coordinates for their valuable needs. Mobile phones that are equipped with new technologies and supported by the presence and development of broadband mobile data networks have created new opportunities for the processing of location-based applications.
Smart Plant Monitoring System Using IoT Technology
Authors: Kohli Ankur , Kohli Rohit , Singh Bhupendra , Singh Jasjit
Published: September 2019

Plants play a vital role in maintaining the ecological cycle, and thus, to maintain the plant's proper growth and health, adequate monitoring is required. Hence, the aim of the chapter is to create a smart plant monitoring system using automation and internet of things (IOT) technology. This topic highlights various features such as smart decision making based on soil moisture real-time data. For this purpose, sensors like soil moisture sensor, DHT11 sensor, level sensor, etc. are used. The soil moisture sensor measures the level of moisture (i.e., water content of different plants). The signal will be sent to Arduino board when the moisture level drops below the marginal value, which triggers the pumping of water into the plant by the pump. When the moisture level reaches absolute value, the pump is halted. The other condition for this process is level sensor. Level sensor senses the water level in the tank and sends the information of water level value to Arduino board and Arduino board to cloud. The whole data about the plant monitoring will be sent to the cloud server.
Representation of Gender Equality From the Perspective of the Medical Trainee and its Ripple Effect
Authors: Leung Lap Yan
Published: September 2019

It comes as no surprise that to tackle gender inequality in the future of the medical profession, the experiences of those who will become it must first be reviewed. Gender inequality is rife throughout all aspects of medical student life; from the classroom to clinical placements, from other healthcare professionals and public alike, for both male and female students. This chapter will discuss these, review literature, and share experiences. Consequently, this has an impact on their career choices, attrition, and mental health. By improving experiences and encouraging diversity, the hope is to reduce the negative effects discussed within the chapter, and break the cycle of inequality.
Virtual Teamwork and the Future Generation
Authors: Maak Katharina
Published: September 2019

Since key qualifications, such as digital and intercultural competences, are essential prerequisites for success in the working world, higher education institutions are asked to integrate soft skills competence training into their curricula. This chapter will have a closer look at global virtual teams and the educational environment with special emphasis on German higher education institutions and a European point of view, analyzing how well the young generation—Generation Y—is digitally experienced, serving for a better understanding of the challenges of teaching and developing digital communication skills for an international working environment.
A Brief History of Education in China and the United States
Authors: Reeves Stacy R.
Published: September 2019

China and the United States have long histories of educating their populations. Currently, all children in both China and the United States are mandated to attend for a minimum of nine years, and schools are free for students. Although education in China and the United States may be accessible to all, do all groups have equal opportunities for success? While addressing this topic, some questions arise: What is the historical background of education and schools in each nation? What is the current status of literacy in both countries? Are there inequality in learning opportunities for children in China and in the United States? What are some possible reasons for unequal access to education?
Impact of Group Mentoring on the Professional Development of Early Childhood Teachers in a Shanghai Kindergarten
Authors: Lu Lingyun
Published: September 2019

This study sought to discover whether group mentoring could serve the purpose for which it is intended in an early childhood educational context. As an alternative to the traditional mentoring model, group mentoring attempts to provide as much, if not more, instructional and emotional support as traditional mentoring relationships, which we assume to be conducive to teachers' professional development in Chinese early childhood educational contexts. In addition, group mentoring facilitates communication, collaboration and mutual growth in ways that traditional mentoring lacks. It also examined whether both mentors and mentees could be involved in the mentoring process as learners and as reflective educators on their journey of professional development, including developing their reflective and research capabilities. This qualitative case study focused on the impact of group mentoring on the professional development of four teachers in a Shanghai kindergarten. Within the theoretical framework of COP (Community of Practice), it was an investigation of how the group mentoring process, an alternative to traditional models of professional development, had an impact on the teachers in a changing early childhood education context in China. This study featured in-depth individual interviews with the four teachers (two mentors and two mentees), who are in the same mentoring group, and observations of their group mentoring activities. Data was coded and analyzed qualitatively. Major themes emerged from the study: the teachers' perceptions of the model, the benefits and challenges it brings, and its influence on their relationships and identity. The study aimed to gain insight into how group mentoring, a potentially optimal model, has exerted an influence on the teachers' professional development. This study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings and areas for future research.
Autonomy and Motivation in Higher Education
Authors: Felix Jonathan J.
Published: September 2019

Learner autonomy and motivation have been recognized by academics, researchers, and practitioners as both critical and problematic elements of linguistics and language learning, among other disciplines in higher education. The ongoing challenge lies at the heart of students exercising a critical sense of agency over their acquisition of disciplinary knowledge, educational experience, and applied practice. However, rather than being understood as a socially constructed action or outcome within limited frames of reference, learner autonomy and motivation may be viewed expansively as culture. Drawing on Raymond Williams's theory of culture and John Law's sociological concept of symmetry, this work attempts to explore how learner autonomy and motivation might be fostered and sustained, in an attempt to rethink how learner agency might be positioned as a normative practice.
The Potential of Dark Immersive Theatre Experiences as a Tourism Product
Authors: Belo Miguel , Gustavo Nuno Silva
Published: September 2019

In the light of the exponential growth of tourism activity in the city of Lisbon, which is evidenced by several indicators, we face ourselves with a scenario of concentration in the city, not benefiting the whole region of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). On the other hand, a unique opportunity of innovation of tourism supply emerges, seizing an increasing and plural demand. The chapter intends to explore the potential of dark immersive theatre experiences (DITE) as a tourism product. By doing so, it is suggested that DITE can innovate the tourism supply of the LMA, contributing to the deconcentration and diversification of tourism, on a themed and territorial perspective, as well as to the mitigation of the impacts of over tourism.
The Effect of the Festivals on the Development of Tourism With the Support of Residents
Authors: Bezirgan Muammer , Yetginer Sevim
Published: September 2019

The positive effects of the festivals are composed of five factors: social image and entertainment opportunities, infrastructure and urban development, local promotion, economic development, and socio-cultural changes. The negative effects of the festival consisted of four factors: traffic problems, environmental risks and social conflict, security risks, and economic costs. As a result of the testing of research hypotheses, it has been determined that two factors (social image and entertainment opportunity, economic development) which are among the positive effects of the festival have a positive effect on the support of the local people to the development of tourism. Among the negative effects of the festival, environmental risk and social conflicts and traffic problems factors have been found to have a negative effect on the support of the local people to the development of tourism.
Digital Marketing Strategies of Destination Management Organizations
Authors: Dinis Maria Gorete , Breda Zélia , Barreiro Tânia
Published: September 2019

The main objective of this chapter is to understand if Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) are effectively exploiting the potential of the digital world and are considering online information in the management model of tourism destinations. To this end, an exploratory study was carried out, focusing on a regional DMO in Portugal: Tourism of Alentejo/Ribatejo. The methodology used in this study unfolds in three phases: (1) a content analysis of strategic and operational plans and/or activities of the DMO under study; (2) analysis of its online presence, namely its website, social networks, and positioning in the Google search engine; and, finally, (3) a semi-structured interview with the president of the DMO. The results indicate that DMOs start to wage digital communication, opting to be on the Internet through their own website and with a profile created in some social networks. However, their activity in social networks is not regular. On the other hand, DMOs are still in a very incipient phase in the use of web and social networks data to support the organization's decision making.
Factors of Political Development of Russia From the 10th to the 18th Centuries
Authors: Ershov Bogdan , Muhina Natalia
Published: September 2019

The chapter deals with the formation and development of Russian statehood from the 10th to the 18th centuries. It was at this time that domestic statehood was formed in very peculiar conditions. The following factors greatly influenced the specifics of Russian statehood: peasant, national, geopolitical, modernization. Throughout its history, Russia has gone through five major periods of state development: the Old Russian state, Muscovy, the Russian Empire, the Soviet state, and the Russian Federation. The process of Russian statehood was birthed in the ancient Russian state, which arose in the middle of the 9th century with its center in Kiev and existed until the middle of the 15th century. This period was marked by the approval of the basic principles of statehood in Russia, the merging of its northern and southern centers, and the growth of the military-political and international influence of the state.
The Development of Russia in the Early Years of Soviet Power
Authors: Ershov Bogdan
Published: September 2019

This chapter discusses the reasons for the victory of the Russian revolution of 1917, as well as the first steps of the Soviet government to reform the country. It is shown that the revolution had a bourgeois-democratic nature. Different opinions of scientists on recognition and non-recognition of the Russian revolution of 1917 are revealed. Historical analysis has shown that Russia reached “a certain height” of capitalism in large-scale industry, in transport, and in the economy, where, as in the West, capitalist monopolies and large banks dominated. As for the village, it was still on the eve of the bourgeois-democratic revolution, and there could be no question of any preconditions for socialism.
New Trends in Cultural Life in the Post-Soviet Period
Authors: Asmarov Igor
Published: September 2019

Modern Russian culture is very different from Soviet culture, but they have many similarities, too. In essence, this is the same country, only without national margins and the former allied national republics. But within the country, multinationality remains since Russia is a federal state with many peoples of diverse cultures. Russian culture is the culture of a multinational country. Modern Russian culture has lost the features of ideological and party (communist) dependence, but retains the influence of the state, like any other culture of any country in the world. True, the influence of the state on the culture in each country goes to a greater or lesser extent. In Russia, this state influence on culture is very large up to the present day, and it has a pronounced dualistic character. On one hand, Russian culture is provided with financial assistance “from above”, and on the other hand, some kind of framework is created that cannot be crossed, almost as it was in Soviet times, when the state order in the cultural sphere dominated.
Literacy in Early Childhood
Authors: Brown Sally
Published: September 2019

This chapter is based on a year-long ethnographic research study in a Title I urban classroom with 24 seven- and eight-year-olds. Using this work, the author shares ways of teaching literacy to young readers using technology and building on student interests. In particular, students' stories constructed through Lego play and digital photography are showcased. Three major themes are identified and discussed: (1) digital play as an essential tool for story, (2) multimodal storytelling as a path for learning and new language, a (3) apprenticeships for multimodal text productions. The chapter concludes with practical suggestions for educators about ways to capitalize on students' funds of knowledge as well as their passion for digital tools in the 21st century classroom.
Place-Based Learning and Participatory Literacies
Authors: Peck Sharon , Cretelle Tracy A.
Published: September 2019

Participatory literacies are central to developing instruction that makes curriculum real, relevant, and alive to students. This chapter focuses on how to integrate participatory practices and place-based narratives into instruction in order to engage students in reading, writing, and taking action in their school communities. The chapter looks at ways that teachers have incorporated multimodal narratives and multiliteracies to engage students in both using and producing products through written, oral, and digital modes. Guided by theoretical views of participatory literacies, place, community-based pedagogies, and multimodal narratives, the chapter explores ways to engage students in creating multimodal content to represent their learning as well as take action within the school and wider community.
Complexities of Identity and Belonging
Authors: Schick Anna , Lo Bello Miller Jana
Published: September 2019

Engaging in artifactual literacy as a collective in a teacher education seminar class gives space for objects and texts to bring forth reimagined and alternative ways to be “teacher.” An elementary teacher education program utilizes a seminar space to invite teachers to write from artifacts to analyze, deconstruct, and reconstruct their teacher identities. The analysis and discussions of the reconstructed narratives that define, contest, or shape identities give needed distance from traditional and often constricting narratives of “teacher” and “teaching.” The investment of this critical identity work in teacher education is depicted in the analysis of two preservice teachers' collective writing in a digital space.
“Sustainability Education” Practices at the Universities from a Developing Country Context
Authors: Bhuiyan Faruk , Ullah Md Hafij
Published: September 2019

Developing countries have been facing more challenges to sustainability than the developed countries. This chapter evaluates the current sustainable education practices among the universities in Bangladesh and proposes a revised multi-level framework to enhance sustainability education practices among the universities. Based on the opinion of the staff and students of the top 10 public and private universities (according to the University Grant Commission report 2018) in Bangladesh, the study found evidence of the inclusion of sustainability issues onto the faculty's mission and vision statements, but very few are incorporated into the program curricula. In addition, dearth of sustainability training to the teachers provokes their failure of providing education for sustainable development. Considering the findings, this chapter proposes the importance and role of regulatory authorities teachers, students, professionals, and corporate people enhancing sustainable education practices at the university level.
Relative Efficiency of Universities Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Al-Amin Tarig Hassan , Gazar Maged Mohamed
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate the relative efficiency of universities using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The authors developed a map of efficiency indicators of universities depending on the three main functions of any university; i.e., teaching, research, and community service. Using hypothetical data of 27 universities in a given country, the authors developed the inputs and outputs for each of the three main functions of the universities. The DEA revealed some interesting results concerning the efficient and inefficient universities, and how to improve the inefficient ones. Moreover, the DEA was better than the traditional accounting method for performance evaluation. The authors concluded with some recommendations to improve efficiency of universities through the teaching, research, and community service activities. Finally, some implications for the Arab countries were discussed.
Education of Sustainable Manufacturing in Curricula
Authors: Ibrahim Yousif Munadhil , Abdulameer Susan Sabah , Hamid Norsiah Abdul
Published: September 2019

Creating a generation with knowledge, abilities, and skills to meet the challenges of economic, environmental, and social sustainability is very important. In the context of the education of sustainable manufacturing, curricula should be directly related to sustainable manufacturing and its requirements. However, universities in the world in general and in developing countries in particular, are still mostly lacking in such initiatives which arise from the need of sustainable manufacturing education in their curricula. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to provide insights into the significance of sustainable manufacturing education in curricula among universities and its contributions to building an educated generation and carries sustainable thoughts. The results of the chapter indicate a low level of interest in adding the education of sustainable manufacturing into the curricula of universities.
Media Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Elhamy Hossam Mohamed
Published: September 2019

This chapter describes ways sustainable development education can be integrated into media education on various levels: institutional or university level, program content, and teaching—learning arrangements. Several chapter topics relate to the relationship between sustainable development and media education, such as the role of communication in development, communication strategies for the implementation of sustainable development, education for sustainable development, and reorienting media education programs to address sustainability. The chapter also details a guideline for media education decision makers regarding planning and implementation of the integration of sustainability and sustainable development on macro levels (institutional) and micro levels (programs structure, content, teaching, and learning).
The Impact of Islamic Finance on Sustainability Reporting
Authors: Sarea Adel M.
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the impact of Islamic finance on sustainability reporting, and the mediator role of green accounting. Sustainability focuses on balancing present and future consumption to ensure basic needs of coming generations will be met. The mediator role of green accounting could positively impact sustainability financial reporting and sustainability reporting. The chapter employs content analysis approaches to explore the environmental impact of Islamic finance on sustainability reporting. Sustainability enhances future environmental aspects of reducing costs and risk management. The proposed model is based on the literature review to conceptualize the mediator role of green accounting. The chapter adds value to the literature on green accounting and sustainability reporting by considering the role of Islamic finance to promote a friendly environment.
International Educational Migration in the New Wave of Globalization
Authors: Irina Afanasyeva
Published: September 2019

In the global world, the most important factor influencing international relations is globalization in various spheres. Within the new global environment, knowledge becomes the priority resource for economic growth and economic security that leads to increasing qualification requirements of workers. Intensive development of globalization trends under new conditions leads to strengthening the processes of international educational migration. This research is focused on international educational migration that is considered a movement of people between the countries of the world in order to obtain educational services of different levels and for different periods of time. Such movement may include schoolchildren, students, postgraduates, and doctoral students who improve their skills. The present study reveals the influence of the new wave of globalization on the nature of international educational migration in the world and analyzes the transformation processes of international educational migration, and defines the features of the effectiveness of international educational migration on the example of European countries.
Analysis of The Economic Effects of Syrian Migration on Turkish Labor Market
Authors: Ayhan Fatih , Gebeşoğlu Pınar Fulya
Published: September 2019

Migration is a multifaceted problem with social, economic, and political dimensions. Following the Arab Spring, Turkey has experienced very strong migration flow in from Syria since March 2011. Due to its dimensions of humanity, the problem of migration has become a problem that requires taking measures on a global scale. The Republic of Turkey has assumed considerable responsibility to host Syrian immigrants. As immigrants to Turkey exceeds 3.5 million people, various policy measures are taken with regard to incoming Syrian immigrants. Adaptation of these migrants at the job market has many obstacles. This research aims to examine the effects of immigration on economy. The global economic effects of immigration are analyzed by means of detailed statistical data. Considering the theories stressing the importance of immigration as an opportunity that creates significant changes in social structure, migration theories are discussed, causes and economic effects of migration are analyzed.
Global Economy Urbanization and Urban Economies Globalization
Authors: Ushakov Denis , Chich-Jen Shieh
Published: September 2019

World economy globalization fundamentally changes the role of urban business systems. Now they are the main actors of global production and trade. The dominant share of international business activity is now concentrating within a framework of a global urban net. This trend transforms mechanisms and patterns of market economy of institutes; and stimulates an appearance of new economic, social, and political problems. This chapter includes statistical and comparative analyze of modern cities, their economic performance and position in global economic affairs and also the original authors' methodology for urban business structure evaluation. It allows the setting some theoretical findings about internal and external sources of urban business systems competitiveness and effectiveness in a globalizing economy and the formation of original approach to modern cities global hierarchy evaluation.
Theory Across Rural and Urban Cultures
Authors: Kronick Robert F.
Published: September 2019

This opening chapter is designed to encourage readers to move into this book and to see the work of engaged scholars and scholar activists who will serve as role models for their work. For the experienced scholars, this chapter encourages them to see that they are not alone in the work and that networking on these important topics with scholars discussed in this chapter and throughout this book is possible. John C. Campbell and Michael Katz are prominent voices in this chapter. Urie Bronfenbrenner's systems theory is a constant theme throughout. This chapter introduces scholars such as Harkavy, Dryfoos, Taylor, and public health educator, Jeanita Richardson.
Role of the University in Building Schools for the Whole Child
Authors: Walsh Mary E. , Hamilton Anna N. , Tran Quang D.
Published: September 2019

An increasing number of university-K-12 partnerships are addressing the out-of-school challenges that can often constitute barriers to learning for students. This chapter describes the role that universities have played in shaping models of schooling that are intentionally designed to support the whole child and integrate services and enrichment opportunities to support students. It outlines how this university-K-12 collaboration has occurred in three major phases in which universities have: 1) helped to develop and/or implement new approaches on the ground, 2) refine these approaches utilizing developmental science and best practice, and 3) deepened the measurement of the effectiveness and efficiency of the models, as well as strengthening their scalability and sustainability.
Community Schools
Authors: Freeland Sarah Feroza
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the connection between a school's efforts to engage with parents and community members and the academic achievement of its students. The author examines two case studies from Tennessee- the charter school model within the state-run Achievement School District in Memphis, and the community school model in Knoxville. The chapter begins with an explanation of key terms, followed by an introduction of each case study. Next, the author compares student academic achievement within each educational model, demonstrating that the community schools have achieved greater gains than the charter schools. The author then analyzes survey and interview data from parents and community members to compare each educational model's parental and community engagement efforts. Ultimately, the author concludes that in Tennessee, the community school model has been more effective than the charter school model in improving student academic achievement in large part because of its emphasis on meaningful engagement with parents and community members.
Action Research, Design Thinking
Authors: Conwill William Louis , Bailey Ronald William
Published: September 2019

Narratives of unruly Black children in failing schools often normalize hopelessness at the expense of students. Newer, sometimes silenced voices, however, can produce counter-narratives that can lead to ecological solutions for assisting traumatized students. This is a case study of the transformation of a principal who asked, “What's wrong with these children?” to an advocate whose inquiry shifted to “What happened to these children, and what must we do to help them?” With trauma awareness and behavioral management training for her staff, improvements began. The local school board cut her successes short by changing the lock on her office door on the day before teachers returned for the Fall Semester and informed her that her services were no longer needed. What is the lesson for the consultant?
Academic Assessment of Critical Thinking in Distance Education Information Technology Programs
Authors: Richards Mina , Guzman Indira R
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this book chapter is to elucidate the process of assessment in higher education with a focus on distance learning and information technology programs. Its mission is to bring awareness of academic assessment concepts and best practices in the use of standard assessment tools and direct measures to evaluate student learning. The chapter provides definitions of academic assessment and presents the application of signature assignments and rubrics in the Computer Science and Information Technology Management programs to demonstrate student learning results.
Potentials and Challenges of a Situated Professional Development Model
Authors: Cisterna Dante , Gotwals Amelia Wenk , Kintz Tara M , Lane John , Roeber Edward
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to describe a statewide professional development program designed to improve teachers' knowledge and practices around formative assessment. The authors describe three key characteristics that guided the program design: (1) providing a framework for formative assessment; (2) providing opportunities for flexible implementation; and (3) providing support for capacity development. The chapter provides examples of the ways the program was instantiated at the local level, discusses the potentials and challenges related to the professional development implementation, and illustrates connections to teacher learning about formative assessment. The authors provide recommendations that may help individuals who design and deliver professional development that balance large-scale program expectations (e.g., state-level) with local and situated contexts of implementation. General implications for the design and enactment of situated professional development models are also described.
A Return to Doing
Authors: Mattison Karen M. , Schroeder Heather , Sculthorp Stacy L. , Zacharias Jaclyn
Published: September 2019

Elements that define competency-based education are provided, and followed by a history and evolution of this educational philosophy that has become increasingly attractive and necessary to both institutions and learners. Authentic assessment is introduced as the heart of competency-based education and as the instrumental element that differentiates competency-based education from traditional approaches. Examples of authentic assessment are provided from field-specific domains. Drivers from industry, government, and learners are described and linked with the progression of authentic assessment. The design and evaluation of authentic assessment is explored with a thorough explanation of the ways in which properties of reliability and validity are established. The chapter concludes with a forecast for the change that authentic assessment will bring in competency-based education.
Cultural Intelligence and Experiential Learning Powering Faculty Intercultural Leadership Development
Authors: Ellis Althia
Published: September 2019

A look at today's higher education institutions shows an increasing number of culturally diverse students. The ability of faculty to value these learners can serve as an unmatched resource to enrich the learning experience for students and enhance the intercultural leadership development of faculty. We will explore how the integration of research in experiential learning and cultural intelligence (CQ) can help develop a process model for faculty to turn their interactions with diverse students into learning outcomes (Ng, Van Dyne, & Ang, 2009). The application of cultural intelligence, which offers a four-factor framework (metacognitive intelligence, cognitive intelligence, motivational intelligence, and behavioral intelligence) might increase the likelihood that faculty who interact with diverse students will engage in the four-stage theory of experiential learning: experience, reflection, conceptualization, and experimentation (Ng, Van Dyne, & Ang, 2009; Mezirow, 1997). The experience will impact experiential and learning outcomes, and can lead to multiple advantages.
Design of Assessment Information System for Program Accreditation
Authors: Bhatti Arif , Ahmed Irfan
Published: September 2019

Academic programs seek accreditation to raise their profile. Establishment of program assessment and continuous improvements processes is required to gain and maintain accreditation. Assessment processes are about defining course learning outcomes, student outcomes, and program educational objectives; collect course assessment data, perform statistical evaluations and derive meaningful conclusions to improve the program. Web-based technologies can be used to improve communication, collaboration, coordination and flow control among different entities involved in the processes. This paper presents a web-based system that was designed to assist in assessment and continuous improvement processes with objective to meet the requirements of two accreditation bodies in a program that has academically diverse faculty.
Assessment Techniques in EFL Brain-Compatible Classroom
Authors: El-Henawy Walaa M.
Published: September 2019

Neuroscience has disclosed important information about the brain and how it learns. Brain-Based Learning is student centered learning that utilizes the whole brain and recognizes that not all students learn in the same way. Assessment and evaluation are necessary and important elements of the instructional cycle. Feedback also motivates students and allows students to apply what they have learned to real-life situations. This chapter presents attempts to explain brain-compatible assessment and alternative or authentic assessment and its different forms that can be used in providing brain-based education.
Using Mobile Phones for Assessment in Contemporary Classrooms
Authors: Şahin Füsun , Mentor Dominic
Published: September 2019

The main focus of this chapter will be using mobile assessment (m-assessment) for teaching and learning in formal and informal education. M-assessment has been handy for improving learning realized in traditional and contemporary classrooms such as digital classrooms, informal and formal learning settings, professional development settings, and anywhere that learning happens. M-assessment has increased accessibility anywhere, anytime, and by anyone. Moreover, m-assessment contributed to assessment practice by changing how information is collected and providing various mobile formative and summative assessment tools. Effectiveness of m-assessment for improving learning will be discussed by examining evidences regarding learning achievement, student engagement, and cognitive load. Various challenges of using m-assessment were highlighted. Suggestions for overcoming such challenges and using m-assessment effectively were provided under two headings: (a) smart use and (b) smart design of m-assessment. Future research directions were described.
Assessment Activities in Massive Open On-Line Courses
Authors: Muñoz-Merino Pedro J. , Ruipérez-Valiente José A. , Moreno Juan Luis Sanz , Kloos Carlos Delgado
Published: September 2019

This chapter analyzes the different implications of the new MOOC paradigm in assessment activities, emphasizing the differences with respect to other non MOOC educational technology environments and giving an insight about the redesign of assessment activities for MOOCs. The chapter also compares the different assessment activities that are available in some of the most used MOOC platforms at present. In addition, the process of design of MOOC assessment activities is analyzed. Specific examples are given about how to design and create different types of assessment activities. The Genghis authoring tool as a solution for the creation of some types of exercises in the Khan Academy platform is presented. Finally, there is an analysis of the learning analytics features related to assessment activities that are present in MOOCs. Moreover, some guidelines are provided about how to interpret and take advantage of this information.
Evidence-Centered Concept Map in Computer-Based Assessment of Critical Thinking
Authors: Rosen Yigal , Mosharraf Maryam
Published: September 2019

A concept map is a graphical tool for representing knowledge structure in the form of a graph whose nodes represent concepts, while arcs between nodes correspond to interrelations between them. Using a concept map engages students in a variety of critical and complex thinking, such as evaluating, analyzing, and decision making. Although the potential use of concept maps to assess students' knowledge has been recognized, concept maps are traditionally used as instructional tools. The chapter introduces a technology-enabled three-phase Evidence-Centered Concept Map (ECCM) designed to make students' thinking visible in critical thinking assessment tasks that require students to analyze claims and supporting evidence on a topic and to draw conclusions. Directions for future research are discussed in terms of their implications to technology tools in large-scale assessment programs that target higher-order thinking skills.
Using ePortfolios to Integrate and Assess Learning across the Curriculum
Authors: Wehlburg Catherine M.
Published: September 2019

Students who are able to make connections across academic courses and co-curricular activities are often excellent students. They use skills to transfer knowledge from one context to another and benefit from this integration. Not all students do this without being taught. Using ePortfolios allows for learning to become visible across time and learning situations. This benefits students by allowing them to see and reflect on learning over time. And, because student learning and the resulting reflections are documented, others can see the student learning as well. Faculty mentoring can influence this process, guiding students through the reflection process and the creation of a learning ePortfolio that is a richer and more meaningful reflection of all that occurs during a student's time in higher education. In addition to the benefit to increase student learning, the technology used in ePortfolios can provide for a better assessment of student learning across an institution.
Assessing the Non-Cognitive Domains
Authors: Crossley James G. M.
Published: September 2019

Good assessment assures attainment and drives learning. In vocational and practical programmes, the important learning outcomes are non-cognitive skills and attitudes - for example, dexterity, situational awareness, professionalism, compassion, or resilience. Unfortunately, these domains are much more difficult to assess. There are three main reasons. First, the constructs themselves are tacit - making them difficult to define. Second, performance is highly variable and situation-specific. Third, significant assessor judgement is required to differentiate between good and poor performance, and this brings subjectivity. The chapter reviews seven existing strategies for addressing these problems: delineating the constructs, using cognitive assessments as a proxy, making the subjective objective, sampling across performances and opinions, using outcome measures as a proxy, using meta-cognition as a proxy, and abandoning the existing measurement paradigm. Given the limitations of these strategies, the author finishes by offering three promising ways forward.
Student Perceptions of Value and the Impact on Curriculum Design
Authors: de Burgh-Woodman Hélène
Published: September 2019

This research adopts a case study approach to interrogate key questions regarding how curriculum design, assessment and delivery impacts on student perceptions of overall value relative to their job readiness. The initial research question to be answered in this study is how can shifts in curriculum design and assessment affect student perceptions of value? The method uses a case study and adapts Brookfield's multiple source approach, which enables the examination of the case study from multiple perspectives. The objective of the case study is to draw out the implications for understandings of student perceptions of value and how curriculum design can enhance this sense of value.
Enhancing the Quality of Educational Website Design through Assessment for Learning Strategies
Authors: Ng Wing Shui
Published: September 2019

To improve the quality of a website, many principles or guidelines have been suggested in the literature. However, the application of related principles is not a straightforward issue. It requires the web developer with high level of self-awareness to continuously review his own works and to justify the design based on related web design principles. The web developer should behave as a reflective practitioner for creating a high-quality website which fulfilled web design principles in various aspects. However, reflection cannot be implicitly assumed as an inborn ability. Certain experiences or training must be provided so as to enable the web designer to develop high level of self-reflection. In this connection, this chapter introduces a series of assessment for learning strategies with self- and peer-assessment components for transforming a web developer into a reflective practitioner. Detailed implementation, its effectiveness and participants' opinions of the self- and peer-assessment strategy of a case study will be reported.
Student Responses to an ICT-Based E-Assessment Application for the Teaching Practicum/ Teaching Practice MODULE
Authors: Davids M. Noor
Published: September 2019

Situated within the context of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) in South Africa, this study introduces the notion of an interactive Teaching Practicum E- Assessment application: e-assessment application for the teaching practicum/Teaching Practice module to replace the current model of assessment. At present students enrolled for an Initial Teacher Education qualification have to complete a compulsory Teaching Practice module. The successful completion of the module arguably provides evidence of students' readiness for professional practice. The assessment of the teaching practicum is often riddled with anxiety on the part of the students and conflict between students and their supervisor. Two interrelated research questions guided this study: What are students' experiences of the current teaching practicum assessment? and What were students' responses to the ICT-based assessment proposal? Data were collected from a sample of Teaching Practice students (N = 40) and a focus group discussion conducted with eight (8) students. Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) and critical connectivity theory provided the study with analytical and conceptual lenses. Findings are discussed in response to the research questions posed in preparation of the software development stage of the project.
Intelligent Adaptable e-Assessment for Inclusive e-Learning
Authors: Nacheva-Skopalik Lilyana , Green Steve
Published: September 2019

Access to education is one of the main human rights. Everyone should have access to education and be capable of benefiting from it. However there are a number who are excluded, not because of a lack of ability but simply because they have a disability or specific need which current education systems do not address. A learning system in which content, tools and interfaces can be personalised and adapted to the individual needs and preferences of a variety of learners, including those with disabilities, becomes inclusive. Assessment is an integral part of an e-learning environment and therefore it has to provide not only inclusive e-learning content but also inclusive e-assessment. The proposed research investigates an intelligent adaptable e-learning system for assessing students' level of skill, knowledge and understanding regardless of their disabilities or accessibility needs. It is based on an innovative use of world's first open source adaptable widget design and authoring toolkit (WIDGaT) as the prototyping environment.