bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of organo-kenyaites: thermal stability and their effects on eosin removal characteristics
Authors: Kooli F. , Liu Y. , Hbaieb K. , Ching O.Y. , Al-Faze R.
Published: March 2018

Organo-kenyaites were prepared from a cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (C16TMAOH) solution and solid sodium kenyaite (Na2Si22O45.10H2O) mixture. The effect of the initial cetyltrimethylammonium solution on the structure of the intercalated materials was investigated by CHN analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, and 29Si and 13C solid NMR techniques. For C16TMAOH concentration 0.25 mM, the Na+ cations were fully exchanged. Initial C16TMAOH concentrations higher than 0.25 mM had little effect on the intercalated amount of C16TMA+ cations. The organic cations content reached a plateau of 0.66 mmol/g. The arrangement model of C16TMA+ cations corresponded to a tilt of the organic cations to the silicate layers with an angle of 42° as deduced by XRD studies. The C16TMA+ cations exhibited mainly trans-configuration of the methyl chains, as was shown by solid 13C NMR. The thermal stability of the organo-silicates was studied using in situ FTIR and in situ XRD in the range 25–450°C. The C16TMA-kenyaites were stable at temperatures below 200°C. They collapsed at higher temperatures due to the decomposition of the intercalated surfactants. These organo-kenyaites were used to remove the acidic dye molecule, eosin. The removal tests were performed at varying conditions of initial dye concentrations, organic content in the organo-kenyaites and heating temperatures. In general, the organic modification improved the removal capacity of the Na-kenyaite from 2 mg of eosin/g to 60 mg of eosin/g, and this capacity was related to the organic contents and the calcination temperatures of the organo-kenyaites.
VKORC1 and VKORC1L1 have distinctly different oral anticoagulant dose-response characteristics and binding sites
Authors: Czogalla Katrin J. , Liphardt Kerstin , Höning Klara , Hornung Veit , Biswas Arijit , Watzka Matthias , Oldenburg Johannes
Published: March 2018

Key Points

VKORC1 is more sensitive than VKORC1L1 to OAC inhibition, whereby 4-hydroxycoumarin rodenticides are equally effective. In silico and in vitro analysis revealed OAC binding sites that are different for VKORC1 and VKORC1L1.
Inhibition of miR-34a-5p alleviates hypoxia-reoxygenation injury by enhancing autophagy in steatotic hepatocytes
Authors: Li Chuanjiang , Wang Kai , Guo Linghong , Sun Hang , Huang Hai , Lin XinXin , Li Qingping
Published: March 2018

Hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in steatotic hepatocytes has been implicated in liver dysfunction after liver transplantation. MicroRNAs (miRs) play important roles in regulating several cell biology mechanisms related to H/R injury. However, the role of miRs in regulating H/R injury in steatotic hepatocytes is still unclear. We established an in vitro model for studying H/R injury in steatotic hepatocytes and identified miR-34a-5p as a miR that was substantially upregulated in steatotic hepatocytes under H/R challenge. MiR-34a-5p expression was modified by transfecting miR-34a-5p mimic and inhibitor into H/R-challenged steatotic hepatocytes. We found that inhibition of miR-34a-5p alleviated H/R-induced apoptosis and promoted post-H/R proliferation in steatotic hepatocytes. Whereas, overexpression of miR-34a-5p augmented H/R-induced apoptosis and prohibited post-H/R proliferation. By examining autophagy, our data demonstrated that miR-34a-5p suppressed autophagy in H/R-challenged steatotic hepatocytes, induction of autophagy partially rescued the exaggeration of H/R injury induced by miR-34a-5p mimic, while inhibition of autophagy impaired the protection of the miR-34a-5p inhibitor against H/R injury. In conclusion, miR-34a-5p is crucial in exaggerating H/R injury, likely by suppressing autophagy in steatotic hepatocytes. Inhibition of miR-34a may be a promising strategy to protect steatotic hepatocytes against H/R-injury.
The Effects of Micro-entrepreneurship Programs on Labor Market Performance: Experimental Evidence from Chile
Authors: A. Claudia Martínez , Puentes Esteban , Ruiz-Tagle Jaime
Published: March 2018

We investigate the impact of a program providing asset transfers and business training to low income individuals in Chile, and asked whether a larger asset transfer would magnify the program's impact. We randomly assigned participation in a large scale, publicly run micro-entrepreneurship program and evaluated its effects over 45 months. The program improved business practices, employment, and labor income. In the short run, self-employment increased by 14.8/25.2 percentage points for a small/large asset transfer. In the long run, individuals assigned to a smaller transfer were 9 percentage points more likely to become wage workers, whereas those assigned to larger transfers tended to remain self-employed. (JEL J16, J23, L25, L26, L53, O14, R23)
Borrowing Trouble? Human Capital Investment with Opt-In Costs and Implications for the Effectiveness of Grant Aid
Authors: Marx Benjamin M. , Turner Lesley J.
Published: March 2018

We estimate the effect of grant aid on City University of New York (CUNY) students' borrowing and attainment using a regression discontinuity/kink design based on the federal Pell Grant formula. Each dollar of grant aid reduces loans by $1.80 among borrowers. We only find crowd-out of this magnitude in colleges that, like CUNY, “offer” no loan aid and require students to opt into borrowing. We develop and empirically support a model that shows opt-in or other fixed borrowing costs can lead grants to crowd out large amounts of loan aid, lowering some students' attainment by reducing their liquid resources. (JEL D14, I22, I23, I26, J24)
The Economic Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Its Victims: Evidence from Individual Tax Returns
Authors: Deryugina Tatyana , Kawano Laura , Levitt Steven
Published: March 2018

Hurricane Katrina destroyed over 200,000 homes and led to massive economic and physical dislocation. Using a panel of tax return data, we provide one of the first comprehensive analyses of the hurricane's long-term economic impact on its victims. Hurricane Katrina had large and persistent impacts on where people live, but small and surprisingly transitory effects on employment and income. Within just a few years, Katrina victims' incomes actually surpass that of controls from similar unaffected cities. The strong economic performance of Hurricane Katrina victims is particularly remarkable given that the hurricane struck with essentially no warning. (JEL D14, H24, Q53, R23)
A PRIMEIRA DÉCADA DO PROUNI: ESTUDO SOBRE A EFICIÊNCIA A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO
Authors: Kalil Gilberto Alexandre de Abreu , Gonçalves Oksandro Osdival
Published: March 2018

Para tornar mais efetivo o direito à educação, o Estado pode criar políticas públicas, como o Programa Universidade para Todos (Prouni), instituído pelo Governo Federal no ano de 2005, que concede bolsas de estudo integrais e parciais a estudantes de baixa renda em instituições de Ensino Superior privadas, que em contrapartida ficam isentas do pagamento de tributos federais. Nesse cenário, o principal objetivo do presente artigo é avaliar a referida política pública por uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, utilizando-se a Análise Econômica do Direito (AED). Assim, o artigo analisa se a primeira década de existência do Prouni, compreendida entre os anos de 2005 a 2015, produziu resultados eficientes para a finalidade que ensejou a concepção da política pública, qual seja, concretizar o direito fundamental social à educação pela ampliaçãodo acesso ao Ensino Superior aos estudantes menos favorecidos economicamente.
A (IN)EFICIÊNCIA DO PROCESSO JUDICIAL ELETRÔNICO NA SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Santanna Gustavo Da Silva , Limberger Temis
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo tem objetivo fazer uma análise crítica quanto à (in)eficiência do processo judicial eletrônico diante da sociedade da informação. A inserção do princípio da eficiência como básico para a Administração Pública (com a Emenda Constitucional nº 19 em 1998) obrigou os Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário a pautarem suas condutas por meio de resultados. Nesse mesmo momento histórico, a evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação acabaram por reestruturar a sociedadecontemporânea. A utilização da informática, como ferramenta integrada ao cotidiano dos indivíduos estabeleceu novas premissas, tanto sociais quanto estatais. Com isso, não somente o Poder Executivo vem passando por transformações substanciais no seu trato com os cidadãos. O Poder Judiciário necessitou, também, estabelecer novos parâmetros, culminando com a criação do processo judicial eletrônico. Assim, esse sistema se apresenta não somente como uma aplicação do princípio da eficiência, mas também como uma transformação do processo judicial à vida em rede. Contudo, ainda que tenha apresentado, inicialmente, muitas vantagens frente ao processo judicial “físico”, tem-se demonstrado ineficiente diante da evolução tecnológica, apresentando falta de interoperabilidade entre os sistemas, por exemplo.
TRANSMISSÃO DE CONHECIMENTOS RELIGIOSOS NA SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO E SUA TUTELA JURÍDICA EM FACE DO DIREITO AMBIENTAL CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Fiorillo Celso Antonio Pacheco , Ferreira Renata Marques
Published: March 2018

A transmissão de conhecimentos religiosos, associada às questões existenciais surgidas em diferentes culturas e, em nosso país, vinculada aos modos de viver dos diferentes grupos formadores da sociedade brasileira, tem seu balizamento definido em nosso Estado Democrático de Direito delimitada de forma abrangente a partir do conceito jurídico de religião como um bem cultural estruturado em face da tutela jurídica constitucional do meio ambiente cultural (arts. 215/216 da Carta Magna). Destarte pode ser validamente desenvolvida e propalada por diferentes formas, processos ou veículos existentes no âmbito da comunicação social (Art.220 e segs da CF) e tutelada juridicamente no plano do meio ambiente digital como efetiva e eficiente forma de transmitir seus valores na sociedade da informação em que vivemos. O tema não se esgota, pois tão somente na “convergência de três normas constitucionais: a que prevê o ensino religioso (artigo 210, parágrafo 1º), a que assegura a liberdade religiosa (artigo 5º, inciso VI) e a que consagra o princípio da laicidade do Estado (artigo 19, inciso I)”, porém necessariamente a partir de interpretação constitucional sistemática mais ampla (direito ambiental constitucional) com a necessária aplicação do regramento jurídico destinado a tutelar o uso dos espaços difusos destinados não só à transmissão de conhecimentos religiosos na sociedade em que vivemos, mas à disseminação de toda e qualquer manifestação do pensamento, à criação e expressão da pessoa humana visando a assegurar sua dignidade (art.1º, III).
POLÍTICAS MIGRATÓRIAS NO BRASIL E A INSTITUIÇÃO DOS “INDESEJADOS”: A CONSTRUÇÃO HISTÓRICA DE UM ESTADO DE EXCEÇÃO PARA ESTRANGEIROS
Authors: Carneiro Cynthia Soares
Published: March 2018

A participação dos imigrantes na I Conferência sobre Migração e Refúgio resultou em um levantamento circunstanciado da situação de restrições a direitos a que estão sujeitos no Brasil. Evidenciou-se, igualmente, que tais restrições são consequência de normas e práticas institucionais arraigadas junto aos órgãos brasileiros responsáveis pelo controle migratório. As recomendações apresentadas pelos imigrantes no âmbito da conferência contribuíram para a edição da Lei 13.445/2017, denominada Lei de Migração. A partir do trabalho etnográfico realizado junto a COMIGRAR, este artigo se dedica a um estudo exploratório relativo aos decretos migratórios editados desde o período monárquico, percorrendo o período getulista e suas políticas higienistas e eugenéticas, até o recém-revogado Estatuto do Estrangeiro. A abordagem tem como objetivo evidenciar uma tradição discriminatória que tem levado à precarização do trabalho do estrangeiro no Brasil. De acordo com os conceitos formulados por Giorgio Agamben acerca do homo sacer e do estado de exceção na modernidade, procura-se demonstrar que tal percurso histórico cristaliza práticas oficiais restritivas a direitos, o que pode comprometer o paradigma humanista da nova Lei de Migração.
O MAPA DO FEMINICÍDIO NA POLÍCIA CIVIL DO PIAUÍ: UMA ANÁLISE ORGANIZACIONAL-SISTÊMICA
Authors: Villa Eugênia Nogueira do Rêgo Monteiro , Machado Bruno Amaral
Published: March 2018

O estudo insere-se no campo da violência contra a mulher, na perspectiva do assassinato de mulheres por razões de gênero. A partir de inferências extraídas de bancos de dados oficiais da Polícia Civil do Piauí e análise de inquéritos policiais que apuraram feminicídio, elabora-se um mapa do feminicídio no Estado do Piauí, tomando-se por base as mesmas categorias eleitas por Waiselfisz no Mapa da Violência 2015 – Homicídio de mulheres no Brasil como paradigma de análise dos dados. A pesquisa é pioneira porque constitui o primeiro mapa após a vigência da Lei nº. 13.104/15 que instituiu o feminicídio no Brasil. O estudo detecta lacunas no tipo penal que dificultam a aplicação da qualificadora feminicídio sobre o que se poderia entender por matar uma mulher “por razões da condição do sexo feminino”. Para compreender como essa lacuna vem sendo superada no âmbito da cultura organizacional policial, o estudo analisa o conteúdo de 27 de um total de 50 inquéritos policiais de feminicídios consumados produzidos no período de 10. 3.15 a 30. 8.16. Foram eleitos como objeto de análise: laudos periciais, termos de oitivas, auto de prisão em flagrante delito, interrogatório e relatório. Em seguida, a pesquisa, orientada pela análise do discurso e pela abordagem organizacional, mapeia categorias empíricas neles presentes para adentrar na rotina policial e verificar como as organizações observam o feminicídio e de que modo se comunicam (decidem).
Hazard and risk assessment strategies for nanoparticle exposures: how far have we come in the past 10 years?
Authors: Warheit David B
Published: March 2018

Nanotechnology is an emerging, cross-disciplinary technology designed to create and synthesize new materials at the nanoscale (generally defined as a particle size range of ≤10-9 meters) to generate innovative or altered material properties. The particle properties can be modified to promote different and more flexible applications, resulting in consumer benefits, particularly in medical, cosmetic, and industrial applications. As this applied science matures and flourishes, concerns have arisen regarding potential health effects of exposures to untested materials, as many newly developed products have not been adequately evaluated. Indeed, it is necessary to ensure that societal and commercial advantages are not outweighed by potential human health or environmental disadvantages. Therefore, a variety of international planning activities or research efforts have been proposed or implemented, particularly in the European Union and United States, with the expectation that significant advances will be made in understanding potential hazards related to exposures in the occupational and/or consumer environments. One of the first conclusions reached regarding hazardous effects of nanoparticles stemmed from the findings of early pulmonary toxicology studies, suggesting that lung exposures to ultrafine particles were more toxic than those to larger, fine-sized particles of similar chemistry. This review documents some of the conceptual planning efforts, implementation strategies/activities, and research accomplishments over the past 10 years or so. It also highlights (in this author’s opinion) some shortcomings in the research efforts and accomplishments over the same duration.

In general, much progress has been made in developing and implementing environmental, health, and safety research-based protocols for addressing nanosafety issues. However, challenges remain in adequately investigating health effects given 1) many different nanomaterial types, 2) various potential routes of exposure, 3) nanomaterial characterization issues, 4) limitations in research methodologies, such as time-course and dose-response issues, and 5) inadequate in vitro methodologies for in vivo standardized, guideline toxicity testing.
Case Report: Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis presenting acutely with isolated facial edema
Authors: Pappa Efthymia , Gkeka Marina , Protogerou Asimina , Marinos Leonidas , Loupa Chariclia , Christopoulos Constantinos
Published: March 2018

A 45-year-old Asian man presented with acute-onset periorbital and facial edema associated with pyrexia. Muscle weakness was absent. Initial laboratory investigations showed an inflammatory reaction, while screening for infections was negative. Serum muscle enzyme levels were normal. He was hospitalized and treated empirically with antibiotics and corticosteroids, pending the result of facial skin and muscle biopsy. He showed a good clinical and laboratory response but an attempt to discontinue corticosteroids led to a prompt relapse of facial edema and pyrexia, associated with rising laboratory indices of inflammation. Biopsy findings were typical of dermatomyositis. Reintroduction of corticosteroid treatment resulted in complete clinical and laboratory remission.

Facial edema as the sole clinical manifestation of dermatomyositis is extremely rare. There have been no previous reports of isolated facial edema in the setting of acute, clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis in adults. A high level of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis in the absence of myopathy and the hallmark cutaneous manifestations of the disease (heliotrope rash, Gottron papules).
Age 23 years + oral health questionnaire in Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
Authors: Dudding Tom , Haworth Simon , Sandy Jonathan , Timpson Nicholas J.
Published: March 2018

Oral health data in large longitudinal cohort studies is rarely collected at multiple time-points. This type of data is important for assessing oral health trajectories and their determinants. This data resource includes self-report questionnaire data on up to 4,222 young adults at approximately 23 years of age from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The resource includes questions on dental attendance, tooth restorations and extractions, third molars (wisdom teeth) and mouth ulcers. It follows on from similar questionnaires at ages 7, 10 and 17 years. The ALSPAC study includes extensive phenotype, genetic, epigenetic and metabolomic data from the participants included in this questionnaire plus their mothers and fathers.
Patient Perceptions of Readmission Risk: An Exploratory Survey
Authors: Brotman Daniel J. , Shihab Hasan M. , Bertram Amanda , Tieu Alan , Cheng Henry G. , Hoyer Erik H. , Durkin Nowella , Deutschendorf Amy
Published: March 2018

Interventions to prevent readmissions often rely upon patient participation to be successful. We surveyed 895 general medicine patients slated for hospital discharge to (1) assess patient attitudes surrounding readmission, (2) ascertain whether these attitudes were associated with actual readmission, and (3) determine whether patients can estimate their own readmission risk. Actual readmissions and other clinical variables were captured from administrative data and linked to individual survey responses. We found that actual readmissions were not correlated with patients' interest in preventing readmission, sense of control over readmission, or intent to follow discharge instructions. However, patients were able to predict their own readmissions (P = .005) even after adjusting for predicted readmission rate, race, sex, age, and payer. Reassuringly, over 80% of respondents reported that they would be frustrated or disappointed to be readmitted and almost 90% indicated that they planned to follow all of their discharge instructions. Whether assessing patient‐perceived readmission risk might help to target preventive interventions warrants further study.
The Rebirth of Classical Europe
Authors: Sidoti Francesco
Published: March 2018

In these pages I will present the results of a project, launched in 2008 by the European Union, the subject of which were the values of Europe. The idea of a Europe built on knowledge, civility, rule of law, inclusiveness, was in our mind, but we understood that this idea of Europe was conflicting with many other ideas about Europe and its destiny. At the end of our search, we have found that the best Europe is the Europe of the Founding Fathers. In 1946, Winston Churchill advocated European integration precisely to prevent the horrors of two world wars from ever happening again. From the beginning, the EU was linked to the USA. European heritage and American heritage are strictly connected. Many scholars, such as and T.G. Ash and J.G.A. Pocock, underline the point. The rebirth of classical Europe is the rebirth of collaboration, alliance, partnership, mutual friendship, common values. Western declinism is the classic self‑fulfilling prophecy, while, actually, however, what continue to exist are reasons for US strength and European eminence, which can be maximized rather than minimized (for those who care about the stability of the international system). The inventor of dynamite and philanthropist, Alfred Nobel is an icon of European ambivalence on science, which can be used in order to build bombs and in order to build peace. At the annual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony, in the Stockholm City Hall, every 10th December, the classical European spirit is alive and kicking even more each year.
European Dream
Authors: Gammone Mariateresa
Published: March 2018

Many European citizens do not have a clear idea about European identity. But a European Dream (in many ways parallel to the American Dream) has raised hopes and offered opportunities for democratic and peaceful development. As F.J. Turner emphasized the importance of the frontier in shaping American character, we can also see the importance of the frontier in shaping the European mindset. In terms of topological mapping, a frontier is often also a war‑front. Outside Europe as well, borders such as the Great Wall of China have defined territory as a defended area. However, boundaries have seen not only war. Many cross‑border regions have in fact seen dialogue, communication, commerce, change, travel, and mutual inspiration. European identity was strengthened and defined through ancient reasoning concerning frontiers. According to Braudel, the Mediterranean cannot be understood independently from what is exterior to it. The first European identity was strengthened and defined on the frontier and the values of Europe are best perceived along its borders. The light shines strongest in the point of its source, but it is more appreciated to the point of its limit, where darkness and brightness compete for space – and even for life. European peripheries may be seen as a problem, yet they are the bastions of Europe and today, like yesterday, they have frequently prevented the institutional collapse of the center of Europe. Sometimes, an institutional breakdown begins at the peripheries and then, like an avalanche, sweeps the center away.
Becoming more EUropean or European after ERASMUS?
Authors: Oborune Karina
Published: March 2018

Lijphart was the first to emphasize the necessity to study the impact of student mobility upon European integration, but mobility programmes have only been studied in the last decade. The European Commission points to the ERASMUS programme as a successful example of construction of European identity; however, this assumption hasn’t yet been empirically proved on an European scale. This paper has been devoted to research of the impact of the ERASMUS programme on fostering European identity in Europe. In academic literature at least two different understandings of the European identity can be distinguished: political and cultural European identity. The quantitative survey (in which 12’173 respondents from 37 European countries took part) provides justification that only every third of students feel more European after studying abroad and that there are different understandings among ERASMUS students regarding what it means to be European. Survey results showed that ERASMUS students feel more European than non‑ERASMUS students and that the ERASMUS students understand European identity as being cultural and political.
The Declarative Trans‑cultural Identity of European Adolescents – an Analysis of Texts Published in Trait d’Union
Authors: Gajda Kinga Anna
Published: March 2018

Transcultural identity elaborated upon by Wolfang Welsch is, in my opinion, the answer to the following question: how identity of youth is transformed with regards to globalization, particularism and cosmopolitism. Cultural identity is comprised of a cosmopolitan component but it also includes local affiliation. It focuses on the individual right to create memberships not only based upon one’s national, ethnical or cultural affiliation but rather, it is a coalescence of all aforementioned elements defined from an individual perspective. The membership is subordinate only to individual assessment. Transcultural identity is the awareness of adventure, irregularity and continuity. And it is in this way that European youth perceive and define their identity. They describe their identity as active, nomadic, cyber and performative. This kind of identity is a declarative identity which is also the subject of their writing. The following article aims to describe and define the identity of contemporary European youth and the subject of identity in articles published in The trait d’union – an on‑line journal created in 2004 with support of European Commission. The trait d’union is a platform of European youth communicating and exchanging opinions. It is also a tool used for intercultural teaching. Articles written by youth are an attempt to illustrate their daily experiences connected with globalization, European mobility and trans‑culturalism. These articles are also an interesting source used to analyze contemporary means of communication.
Unconditional support?
Authors: Sojka Aleksandra
Published: March 2018

European Union (EU) membership constituted an important element for the stabilization and modernization of democratic institutions in post‑1989 Central‑Eastern Europe (CEE). While public opinion support for European integration has not been uniform in the region, trust in European institutions has been consistently higher than confidence in domestic institutions in the region. EU structures and policies have been often perceived as necessary and efficient, especially where domestic institutions were failing. However, the financial andeconomic crisis of the first decade of the 21st century has seriously undermined such perceptions of output legitimacy of EU institutions and, consequently, support for the European integration project and trust in supranational institutions has been eroding in the whole of the EU. In this context, the goal of the article is to explore the possible link between CEE citizens’ evaluations of the financial, economic, and political crisis within the EU and their institutional trust in a multilevel political system.
Wielka Brytania w Unii Europejskiej - przeszłość, teraźniejszość, przyszłość
Authors: Ronek Grzegorz
Published: March 2018

Britain in the European Union – its past, present and future
The aim of this article is to depict and analyse Britain’s relations with the European Union, their historical context, the present time and possible scenarios for the future. These relations have always been strained. Europe has been seen as a menace rather than an opportunity. Britain used to slow down the process of integration and consequently has often fallen behind and had no choice but to catch up. However, the portrayal of Britain as an “awkward partner” is only partly justified. Based on its specific understanding of national sovereignty, Britain has developed a much more pragmatic and instrumental approach towards Europe. Nevertheless, the country was a strong driving force of integration in many crucial fields, like the single market, trade or defence policy. Britain has always accepted its membership in the EEC/EU only when exclusion from them could threaten Britain’s national interests, mainly in economic dimension. The European integration has always been a contentious issue and an important tool of domestic policy. Britain decided to join the EEC in 1973 mainly because of its poor economic performance. Nowadays one of the most burning issues is the announced referendum concerning Britain’s further membership in the EU. The withdrawal from the EU is possible, but there is little probability of it, because of strong economic ties. However, if eurozone integration proceeds without Britain and so deeply that the single market starts to fragment, the strongest argument for British membership could be undermined. Generally, we should expect further cooperation between Britain and the EU based on mutual pragmatism.
Pax Americana
Authors: Hryniewicz Janusz T.
Published: March 2018

Pax Americana. The economic bases, interests and projected trends
The subject of the article is an analysis of economic basis of Pax Americana in the prospect of 10‑20 years. The main factors of geopolitical power are: wealth – entire and per capita, production of leading goods and innovations. An analysis of the position different countries in the advancement of the new economy (knowledge based economy) prove that in the next 20 years USA will be most important power of the west world. Changes on world market of energy will cause changes in defining national interest of USA.
Ai Apaec: ¿una divinidad suprema prehispánica o una manipulación en la traducción intercultural?
Authors: Prządka-Giersz Patrycja
Published: March 2018

The Moche culture (A.D. 200‑800) has left one of the richest iconographies in the history of ancient Andean civilizations. Due to the lack of written sources for the pre‑Hispanic period of Andean South America, the first information about the religious beliefs and rituals of the people from the north coast came from early colonial time. These written sources provide revealing information about the concept of the principal god and even a supreme creator in the Moche pantheon, named Ai Apaec in muchic or yunga language. Actually, the understanding of Moche religion is based not only on the historical perspectives but also on information produced during the extensive study of its iconography. Despite the numerous studies about the Moche pantheon of gods and goddesses, the problem of number and identity of the deities still poses innumerable questions and obstacles. This article offers a reassessment of the character of symbolic organizationof Moche religion, based on iconographic analysis of the famous portrait vessels (huacos retrato) from the collection of the Larco Museum in Lima, Peru.
La integración de los Nahuatlismos en el dicci onario de autoridades
Authors: Pedrote Romero Antonio
Published: March 2018

This paper shows the results of the research on how Nahuatl words with geographical referents were dealt with in the Diccionario de Autoridades. The study also attempts to assess the degree of integration of these words into eighteenth‑century Spanish and whether they correspond with definitions present in the first academic work.
Usage of Nahuatl Kinship Terms in Polite Speech
Authors: Madajczak Julia
Published: March 2018

Nahuatl kin terms are known to be employed in a vast array of metaphoric meanings, whose cultural point of reference is different than the basis of European metaphors. However, since colonial texts were often written by bilingual natives or Spanish friars, they include both Nahua and Spanish ways of associating meanings. This paper examines the use of several Nahuatl terms for children and grandchildren in speeches and dialogues recorded in colonial written sources. Taking into account both their morphology and contextual occurrences, it suggests that they formed a system, in which particular terms and grammatical forms marked the tone of speech, the amount of reverence and the social distance. It also attempts at separating pre‑Hispanic terminology from Nahuatl honorifics used by preachers, illustrating the difference between the two metaphorical systems.
Native Painters of an European Book
Authors: Granicka Katarzyna
Published: March 2018

The analysis of the pictorial content of the veintena section of Fray Bernardino de Sahagún’s Primeros Memoriales may lead to new conclusions about the artists and the process of creating these illustrations. Comparing the illustrations with the description of the festivals in the Primeros Memoriales and the Florentine Codex, identification of scenes and persons and their attributes depicted in the illustrations may also shed interesting light on the affiliation of the manuscript, whose provenance is still under discussion.
Chicomexochitl y el maíz entre los nahuas de Chicontepec: la continuidad del ritual
Authors: Cruz Cruz Victoriano de la
Published: March 2018

The cultivation and veneration of corn is central to all Mesoamerican cultures. Long before the Spaniards arrived indigenous people worshiped corn and pleaded for each harvest to be as good as the preceding one. Today’s Nahuas consider corn sacred and never permit it to lie on the ground: it must always be protected and sheltered. The Nahuas of Chicontepec, Veracruz continue to dance and pray to the corn deity, Chicomexochitl “Seven Flower”. This paper reveals the continuity of ritual practices and symbolism relating to the worship of maize in Nahua culture from prehispanic times to the present. It is based on the sixteenth‑century written sources, recent anthropological studies, and my own fieldwork associated with the Chicomexochitl ritual.
Leopoldo Zea en el centenatio de su natalicio
Authors: López Portillo Felícitas T.
Published: March 2018

Dr. Leopoldo Zea (1912‑2004) was a prominent Mexican philosopher, specialist in Latin America, promoter of the Iberoamerican integration, institution‑maker and ideologist of the independence of the then‑called “Third World”. This essay reviews his first newspaper articles, from his beginnings in 1933 to the end of the 1950s, where he developed his main concerns and positions with respect to the nacional and international issues of his times.
Identidad nacional y diversidad cultural, los retos de la convivencia intercultural en nuesta américa
Authors: Mora Martínez Roberto
Published: March 2018

National identity and cultural diversity. The challenges of intercultural life in our America
This paper refers to Latin American identity problems. This subject is directly connected to the organization of different original ethnic groups in order to fight for a fair treatment. However, discussing Latin American unity implies ruling out some historical factors that might divide us. I assert that only if we recognize the ruling system of this native peoples, as well as their institutions, we will be able to build a respectful relationship between Latin Americans.
Doktryna władzy monarszej Jakuba VI (I) Stuarta
Authors: Tulejski Tomasz
Published: March 2018

James I Stuart’s theory of the divine right of kings

The author presents King James I Stuart’s theory of the divine right of kings as the modification of Bodin’s concept of the sovereignty. According to King James, a monarch is subjected to no earthly authority, as he derives his right to rule directly from the will of God. The king is thus not a subject to the will of his people, the aristocracy, or any other estate of the realm, including the Church. This doctrine implies that any attempt to depose a king or to restrict his power is contrary to the will of God and may constitute treason. The author argues, that the theory of the divine right of kings is rooted in the medieval idea that God had bestowed earthly power to the king, just as He had given spiritual power and authority to the Church, centering on a pope and in this way in protestant kingdoms may justifies the king’s absolute authority in both political and spiritual matters. The author points out that it is contrary to Bodin’s theory of sovereignty and he argues that King James’ general statements of divine right should not be read as claims about specific royal powers in any particular kingdom. Unlike the theorists of absolutism, King James thus believed the king to be bound to exercise his authority through defined constitutional channels. Such a requirement went beyond that expected of the absolute monarch, who was to rule well if he were to avoid the charge of tyranny. Finally the author argues, that King James’ theory of power is the attempt of the restoration of Christian uniformity and of the re‑Christianization of Bodin’s concept of the sovereignty.
Nieoczekiwani sojusznicy?
Authors: Olszynka Szymon
Published: March 2018

Unexpected Allies? Alasdair MacIntyre and Hilary Putnam on Rationality, Realism and Politics In this article philosophical stances of Alasdair MacIntyre and Hilary Putnam are being analyzed and compared with emphasis put on their conceptions of rationality and the problem of realism. It is claimed that what makes their positions very similar is their understanding of rationality and truth as strongly bound with particular tradition of inquiry (tradition relative) but at the same time as tradition transcendent. They also develop similar argumentation on untenability of relativism, obliteration of fact/value dichotomy and methodological unity of all inquiry. Likewise, their views on the problem of realism seem to be largely alike, especially after Putnam’s shift towards so called natural realism. Their political‑cum‑ethical positions are nevertheless more distant (although not as much as it might seem prima facie). It is claimed that the main philosophical reason for this is different understanding of and emphasis they put on the role of tradition of inquiry.
Ocena współczesnej kultury Zachodu w nauczaniu Benedykta XVI (Josepha Ratzingera)
Authors: Kozerska Ewa , Scheffler Tomasz
Published: March 2018

The Assessment of the Contemporary Western Culture in the Teaching of Benedict XVI (Joseph Ratzinger)

The article consists of two parts. In the first one, the authors pointed out an argument in the social sciences concerning ability to reasonably use the „culture” concept in scientific discourse. In the second one, they analyzed opinions Benedict XVI ( Joseph Ratzinger) expressed about present condition of the Western culture. Views of this figure were selected to study due to recognizing significant influential role the Pope plays in the public sphere. In the opinion of Benedict XVI, today there are two cultures of the West that coexist: rational Christian culture and Enlightenment (neo‑Enlightenment) culture. There is a deep contradiction between them due to acknowledgment or rejection of God as Logos, hence as the source of human intellect and rules shaping interpersonal behaviour. The fundamental danger connected with domination of Enlightenment attitude Benedict XVI sees in relativism and glorification of total freedom which in the Pope’s opinion ultimately leads to treating man solely as an object. In Ratzinger’s opinion, Christian and Enlightenment cultures are in conflict, with the latter playing the role of aggressor from the beginning. However, Benedict XVI hopes that the argument can be appeased by agreement on a set of basic values which, irrespective of attitude towards Logos, could be acknowledged as fundamental for existence of modern civilization. The ground for the agreement should be the acknowledgement of theinviolability of human dignity.
Agustín González y sus comienzos como actor en el TEU
Authors: Urgel Cantalejo Juan Luis
Published: March 2018

El TEU supuso para Agustín González el momento crucial de su carrera. Sin él, seguramente no habría podido dedicarse profesionalmente a la interpretación. Pero también significó para él un lugar de formación artística, reflexión y acción social, y un vivero creativo donde pudo relacionarse con las personalidades más vanguardistas del teatro de la época. Gracias al TEU, Agustín González colaboró en dos estrenos de importancia capital para la historia del teatro español de la posguerra: Tres sombreros de copa y Escuadra hacia la muerte, e intervino en la realidad cultural del momento, no de forma incidental, sino con un papel relevante.
Los teatros universitarios hispanoamericanos y el TEU entre 1940-1950
Authors: Bravo Rozas Cristina
Published: March 2018

Los Teatros Universitarios Hispanoamericanos fueron en su mayoría herederos de La Barraca de García Lorca y de la experiencia de dramaturgos, actores y actrices exiliados en Hispanoamérica como Margarita Xirgu. Este artículo pretende ahondar en las diferencias y similitudes entre estos teatros universitarios y el TEU en su primera andadura (1940-1950) y mostrar la gran importancia que alcanzan para los teatros nacionales, así como la poca relación que existía entre los Teatros Universitarios Hispanoamericanos y el TEU.
O lobo (o opressor) em pele de cordeiro entre nós (os desiguais e diferentes): Os conflitos em Paulo Freire como contribuição aos processos educativos e produtivos
Authors: Machado Carlos RS , Machado Tainara F
Published: March 2018

A hipótese deste trabalho é que o tema dos conflitos não apenas está presente nas reflexões de Paulo Freire, mas é a “outra face” do diálogo, embora aquele seja esquecido em muitas reflexões que se apoiam nesse autor. O conflito emerge quando os “debaixo” mobilizam-se contra situações de opressão, desigualdade e injustiça perpetradas pelos opressores; então, se é possível o diálogo entre os desiguais e os diferentes, contra os antagônicos o que há é o conflito.
Paulo Freire vive! 20 anos de sonhos e utopias na práxis político-pedagógica
Authors: Dickmann Ivo
Published: March 2018

Este artigo é parte de uma trilogia que estou produzindo em homenagem a Paulo Freire nos 20 anos de sua morte, para registrar sua presença na práxis dos educadores e fazer memória do seu legado de sonhos e utopias. Apresenta-se aspectos da crise da democracia no Brasil e simula criticamente o discurso de Paulo Freire frente ao golpe jurídico-parlamentar de maio-agosto de 2016, apresentando ainda uma chamada para a luta nas trincheiras em que os educadores se encontram para superar esse cenário de ataque sistemático à educação. Finalizamos com uma demonstração da atualidade do pensamento e práxis freirianas como um caleidoscópio político-pedagógico-histórico-cultural-ético-estético-epistemológico que se constitui como um processo pelo qual nossa palavração contribui na construção de nossa palavramundo, como discípulos de Freire que seguem a sua orientação de não segui-lo, mas reinventá-lo a partir da nossa realidade histórica concreta.
Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais: aspectos históricos, conceituais e estratégias de visibilidade
Authors: Thum Carmo
Published: March 2018

No presente artigo trato da problemática dos Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais. O percurso histórico desse conceito, os aspectos conceituais presentes no decreto 6040/2007 e as estratégias de visibilidade que os diferentes segmentos tem utilizado no enfrentamento do silenciamento. O processo de organização dos Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais ao longo das últimas décadas. A ação do GT de Transição e a proposição do Conselho Nacional de Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais. Os saberes de tradição e os modos de organização da luta por direitos. O direito a dizer a própria palavra por meio dos protolocolos comunitários, autodeclarações e cartografias sociais.
A Educação Ambiental Crítica presente no trabalho do Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Social e Econômico da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (NUDESE-FURG)
Authors: Nobre Lucia , Anello Lucia F.S.
Published: March 2018

Neste artigo, procuramos apresentar a relação entre a Educação Ambiental Crítica e o trabalho realizado pelo Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (NUDESE-FURG) junto aos empreendimentos de Economia Solidária do município do Rio Grande-RS. A Economia Solidária se apresenta como uma alternativa à lógica de acumulação da economia capitalista, baseada na exploração da natureza e do trabalho humano para acumulação de riquezas. A Economia Solidária, em contrapartida, baseia-se na valorização social do trabalho humano, bem como na satisfação plena de suas necessidades; fundada nos princípios de cooperação e solidariedade em que se busca uma relação de intercâmbio respeitoso com a natureza. O trabalho realizado pelo NUDESE, sustentado no tripé pesquisa, ensino e extensão, atua de forma interdisciplinar, com base nos fundamentos da Economia Solidária, no fortalecimento do trabalho coletivo de cooperativas, associações e outras formas de trabalho associado, relacionados a diversas áreas como pesca artesanal, reciclagem, artesanato, alimentação e feiras, dialogando com a comunidade universitária e comunidade em geral. Deste modo, o trabalho realizado pelo Núcleo se pauta na busca por uma outra sociedade, em que a justiça ambiental impere, estando, portanto, relacionado às premissas da Educação Ambiental Crítica, a qual se apresenta como uma proposta contra-hegemônica à economia dominante, na medida em que busca por meio da interdisciplinaridade, desvelar as relações de dominação que constituem o atual modelo de sociedade.
Tendas do Afeto Popular: a experiência(ação) de uma prática de cuidado no Extremo Sul, do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Meneses Michele Neves
Published: March 2018

As Tendas de Afeto Popular são espaços de conversAção e cuidado. São acionadas como perspectiva de cuidado diferenciado e compartilhado, problematizando temas das políticas de saúde, lutas sociais e democracia. Tendas produtoras de vida, por conversas, escuta, utilização de práticas populares de cuidado. Efeitos e sentidos constituídos em amorosidade, respeito e construção compartilhada do conhecimento e do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Esse trabalho objetiva relatar a experiência das Tendas de Afeto Popular ocorridas na região do extremo Sul do Brasil, agenciadas pelo Coletivo Povaréu Sul. Nesse contexto, como dispositivo de conexão, vários atores se inserem na articulação e efetivação das Tendas, como educadores populares, estudantes de cursos da saúde e educação, população indígena, população em situação de rua, usuários da saúde mental, entre outros grupos invisibilizados pela sociedade.