bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service Quality of Bus Performance in Asia: A Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Bakar Muhammad Fadhlullah Bakar , Norhisham Shuhairy , Katman Herda Yati , Fai Chow Ming , Azlan Nur Najwa Irina Mohd , Samsudin Nur Sarah Shaziah
Published: May 2022

Bus services play a significant role as the main public transportation, especially in urban areas throughout the years. Since bus services compete greatly with other types of public transportation, such as e-hailing service and private vehicles, they have recently attracted scholars to conduct many relevant studies. However, most past research studies in the Asian region were not focused on engineering, social science, and Internet of Things (IOT). This present study concentrated on the service quality of bus services in Asia by using systematic literature review of articles. This study conducted a review based on previous studies, specifically on the service quality of performance. Several previous studies were selected by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRIMSA) approach. SCOPUS and Science Direct were chosen as the main journal database. By using this method, 41 articles were selected for further analysis. This study was merely focused on three primary themes, such as study approach, stakeholder, and service quality attributes. Advanced analysis on these primary themes was used to formulate another 18 sub-themes. All themes and sub-themes which reflected the significant impacts of service quality towards bus services were discussed in detail. This study had addressed several qualities of bus services of bus performance towards improvement of urban transportation polices. Lastly, several recommendations that could provide necessary knowledge and information for future research were presented.
Amyloid Precursor Protein, Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-Secretases Expression in Penumbra Cells after Photothrombotic Stroke. Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Secretase Inhibitors
Authors: Sharifulina Svetlana , Guzenko Valeria , Logvinov Alexandr , Khaitin Andrey , Kalyuzhnaya Yuliya , Dobaeva Natalia , Li Yan , Chen Lei , He Вin , Demyanenko Svetlana
Published: May 2022

Photothrombotic stroke (PTS) stimulates the level of N- and C-terminal fragments of Amyloid precursor protein (APP) growth in the cytoplasm of ischemic penumbra cells not earlier but at 24 hours. Here we have shown that APP fragments are visualized in thin unmyelinated fibers of neurons, in containing mitochondria large fibers and in synapses but absent in the nuclei. At 24 hours after PTS, some elements of the destroyed tissue accumulated a significant amount of APP protein. The level of ADAM10 α-secretase decreased on the first day after PTS in the rat brain cortex and ADAM-10 co-localized with the lipid raft marker caveolin-1. PTS caused no changes in the level of β-secretase BACE1 either on the first day after PTS or in the early recovery period. The expression of proteins of the γ-secretase complex: presenilin-1 and nicastrin increased in astrocytes, but not in penumbra neurons after PTS. The β-secretase inhibitor LY2886721 did not affect the infarct size of the mouse cerebral cortex and the level of apoptosis of cells in the perifocal region after PTS. Whereas the inhibitor of γ-secretase DAPT reduced the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astrocytes, prevented the growth of apoptosis of mouse cerebral cortex cells reducing the infarct volume on the 7th and 14th days after PTS. DAPT may be considered as a drug for stroke therapy.
Civilization and artificial general intelligence as self-organization development products
Authors: Zhuravlev Dmitry Vladimirovich , Smolin Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: May 2022

The self-organization in inanimate nature led to the life birth, which, having new properties, developed to the intelligence appearance. Intelligent beings activity made created civilization. The science and technology progress leads to the strong artificial intelligence creation. The condition for the improvement of all self-organization forms is the presence of competition, which was at all development stages. Unmanaged competition can lead to catastrophes, but, until recently, none of the life forms had the opportunity to either provoke a global catastrophe or monopolize its dominant position. Such possibilities both lead to the death of civilization, and, possibly, life on Earth.
Trends and mechanism of the unified scientific and technological space of the Union State
Authors: Sazonova Diana Petrovna
Published: May 2022

Currently, in the course of coordinating joint research and development, holding consultations on scientific and technical policy, as well as forming priority areas of scientific, technological and innovative cooperation within the framework of the Union State, it seems vitally important to create the unified scientific and technological space between Russia and Belarus. Such space would provide a common platform for more effective interaction between the scientific community of Russia and Belarus during the process of complex scientific and technical projects’ implementation and search of additional resources for various research and projects.
Identification of the main cluster in the scatter diagram of electoral data
Authors: Podlazov Andrey Viktorovich
Published: May 2022

I describe and formalize a method for reconstructing falsified election results based on the analysis of a scatter diagram of polling stations in the space of electoral characteristics. I compare the results of applying this method with the reconstruction based on the analysis of the distribution of voters by electoral characteristics. This allows not only to identify and eliminate specific situations where one of the methods is ineffective, but also to obtain independent confirmation of the assumptions underlying each of them.
The horizons of the digital future of the country tomorrow are the models of its economy and education today
Authors: Betelin Vladimir Borisovich
Published: May 2022

The article shows that the primacy of profit, enshrined by law in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, is the cause of the country's import dependence, due to the degradation of both the industrial production sector, primarily high-tech, and the personnel training system that ensures the development and production of such products. A possible alternative is a model for the implementation of the State Armament Program.
Tower Of Babel – Back to The Future
Authors: Mikhailov Nikolai Nikolaevich
Published: May 2022

In the article, the author substantiates the possibility and proposes solutions to develop a Universal Platform for Interlingual Communication, designed to provide direct information exchange between people speaking different languages. Main advantages of the platform include its general accessibility as well as linguistic equality of correspondents enabling them to communicate exclusively in their unique native language without any need to apply for the translator’s services or master a foreign intermediate language.
Interstellar flights: The road will be mastered by the walking
Authors: Dmitriev Alexander Sergeevich
Published: May 2022

Put forward a few years ago, the idea of creating and sending a fleet of sailing nanoships to the Alpha Centauri star system using a giant, but quite realistic array of laser emitters used as an external source of thrust, and forms of organizing such projects in Russia are being discussed.
Cooperation between Russia and Belarus: The time of strategic decisions
Authors: Gromyko Alexey Anatolievich
Published: May 2022

In 2021-2022 a team of well-known Russian and Belorussian specialists conducted a major work on assessment of the current conditions and prospects of relations between Russia and Belorussia and the Union State. The project was organized by the Institute of Europe (RAS) and Andrei Gromyko Association of Foreign Policy Studies with the support of Belorussian State University’s Faculty of International Relations and other partners. The present material highlights key results of the research, which have been reflected in several recent publications. Conceptually members of the project share the view that Russia and Belorussia belong to a common civilization with a joint history, culture, the Russian language, economy and geopolitics.
Nonlinear sociodynamics in the digital age
Authors: Kolesnikov Andrey Vitalievich
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to understanding the phenomenon of complexity and historicity of the development of social systems in the modern digital era. The competition of two basic sociotypes of molecular and cosmic man is considered as the basis of their dynamic behavior. A characteristic feature of the applied methodology is a holistic approach, which is based on the thesis of the unity of sociogenesis and cosmogenesis. Social dynamics is considered as part of the evolution of the solar system. The emphasis is on the unity of the nonlinear dynamic laws governing these processes. The article provides a number of images of maps of the distribution of stability and instability zones of a non-linear discrete display that describes the interaction of the sociotype of a molecular and cosmic person in a social system. The mapping itself was described earlier, in previous works. The article focuses on the visual range and the intuitively fixed complexity of non-linear social dynamics. As a means of vectorization of natural non-linear competitive social dynamics, the role of the so-called residual or cosmic culture is considered. The idea is expressed and substantiated that it is the accumulation of residual true culture that represents the path of transformation of social dynamics into an upward progressive spiral of development.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих озабоченность (VOC) на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 07.05.2022 г. по 13.05.2022 г.
Authors: Дмитриева Людмила , Краснов Ярослав , Чумачкова Елена , Осина Наталья , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: May 2022

В обзоре представлена информация по актуальным геновариантам вируса SARS-COV-2, циркулирующим в настоящее время, геномные проследовательности которых размещены в международной базе данных GISAID за неделю с 07.05.2022 г. по 13.05.2022 г.
A pre-post intervention study on the effects of implementation of a Palliative Care Pathway for patients with advanced cancer: less medical interventions during the last three months of life
Authors: Pruijsten Annemieke van der Padt - , Leys Maria B.L. , Hoop Esther Oomen-de , Heide Agnes van der , Rijt Carin C.D. van der
Published: May 2022

Purpose: Adequate integration of palliative care in oncological care can improve the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. Whether such integration affects the use of diagnostic procedures and medical interventions has barely been studied. We studied the effect of implementation of a standardized Palliative Care Pathway in a hospital on the use of diagnostic procedures, anticancer treatment, and other medical interventions for patients with incurable cancer in the last three months of life.Methods: In a pre- and post-intervention study, data were collected concerning adult patients with cancer who died between February 2014 and February 2015 (pre-PCP period) or between November 2015 and November 2016 (post-PCP period). We collected information on diagnostic procedures, anticancer treatments and other medical interventions during the last three months of life.Results: We included 424 patients in the pre-PCP period and 426 in the post-PCP period. No differences were found for the percentage of patients for whom laboratory tests (85% vs 85%, p=0.795) or radiological procedures (85% vs 82%, p=0.246) were performed. The percentage of patients who received anticancer treatment or other medical interventions was lower in the post-PCP period (40% vs 22%, p<0.001; and 42% vs 29%, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Implementation of a PCP resulted in fewer medical interventions, including anticancer treatments, in the last three months of life. Implementation of the PCP may have created awareness among physicians of patients’ impending death, thereby supporting caregivers and patients to make appropriate decisions about medical treatment at the end of life.Trial registration number: Netherlands Trial Register; clinical trial number: NL 4400 (NTR4597); date registrated: 2014-04-27
Research on cyclic sheet tensile-compression test and its application in mixed hardening model
Authors: Chen Guang , Zhao Changcai , Shi Haiwei , Chen Xiaoyi , Zhu Qingxing , Chen Duan
Published: May 2022

The increasing application of lightweight metals in combination with a growth in the complexity of components provides new challenges to the numerical modeling of sheet materials. The material elastic-plasticity constitutive model is the most important factor affecting the accuracy of finite element simulation. The mixed hardening constitutive model can more accurately represent the real hardening characteristics of the material plastic deformation process, and the accuracy of the material property-related parameters in the constitutive model directly affects the accuracy of finite element simulation. Based on Hill48 anisotropic yield criterion, combined with Voce isotropic hardening model and Armstrong-Frederic nonlinear kinematic hardening model, a mixed hardening constitutive model considering material anisotropy and Bauschinger effect is established. The optimum geometry of a sample used for an in-plane compression test on sheet metal was investigated by FEM. The cyclic deformation stress-strain curve of 0Cr17Ni7Al steel sheet was obtained by cyclic tensile-compression test, and the material characteristic parameters in the mixed hardening model were accurately determined. The reliability and accuracy of the established constitutive model of anisotropic mixed hardening materials are verified by the finite element simulation and test of the cyclic tensile-compression problem, springback problem and the sheet after bending, unloading and reverse bending. The cyclic sheet tensile-compression test is an effective method to directly and accurately obtain the characteristic parameters of constitutive model materials.
Coordinated Detumbling Control of Dual-Arm Space Robot in Post-Capture Phase
Authors: Wang Mingming , Liu Yunzhao , Luo Jianjun , Walter Ulrich
Published: May 2022

In this paper, in order to perform the detumbling operation after capturing a non-cooperative satellite, a control framework for dual-arm space robot is presented. First, using a parametrized description with normalized time and control torque limitations, a time-optimal detumbling strategy for the target is given. The dynamics formulation of the complete system in post-capture phase, including multi-arm space robot and the target is then illustrated, laying the groundwork for coordinated controller design. A coordinated controller is proposed to conduct the pre-planned detumbling strategy, while internal force control and load distribution are two supplementary objectives that can be achieved with the given controller. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated by simulation results for detumbling a target with rotating motion utilizing two 7 degree-of-freedom kinematically redundant space manipulators.
Molformer: Large Scale Chemical Language Representations Capture Molecular Structure and Properties
Authors: Ross Jerret , Belgodere Brian , Chenthamarakshan Vijil , Padhi Inkit , Mroueh Youssef , Das Payel
Published: May 2022

Predicting the properties of a chemical molecule is of great importance in many applications, including drug discovery and material design. Machine learning-based models promise to enable more accurate and faster molecular property predictions than the current state-of-the-art techniques, such as Density Functional Theory calculations or wet-lab experiments.Various supervised machine learning models, including graph neural nets, have demonstrated promising performance in molecular property prediction tasks. However, the vast chemical space and the limited availability of property labels make supervised learning challenging, calling for learning a general-purpose molecular representation. Recently, unsupervised transformer-based language models pre-trained on large unlabeled corpus have produced state-of-the-art results in many downstream natural language processing tasks. Inspired by this development, we present molecular embeddings obtained by training an efficient transformer encoder model, MoLFormer, which uses rotary positional embeddings. This model employs a linear attention mechanism, coupled with highly distributed training, on SMILES sequences of 1.1 billion unlabeled molecules from the PubChem and ZINC datasets.Experiments show that utilizing the learned molecular representation outperforms existing baselines on downstream tasks, including supervised and self-supervised graph neural net baselines and language models, on several classification and regression tasks from ten benchmark datasets while performing competitively on two others. Further analyses, specifically through the lens of attention, demonstrate that MoLFormer trained on chemical SMILES indeed learns the spatial relationships between atoms within a molecule. These results provide encouraging evidence that the large-scale molecular language models can capture sufficient chemical and structural information to predict various distinct molecular properties, including quantum-chemical properties.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Primary Health Care Providers towards Deprescribing in Ethiopia
Authors: Gadisa Diriba Alemayehu , Hailemikael Saron Mulugeta , Gudeta Biruk Mosisa , Bacha Amente Jorise , Mohammed Mustefa Ahmed , Umeta Gurmu Tesfaye , Yabeyu Abdella Birhan , Beressa Tamirat Bekele
Published: May 2022

Background: Deprescribing is a new approach in which healthcare providers try to improve a patient's prescription regimen by removing unnecessary drugs. The study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of primary health care providers towards deprescribing in Ambo university referral hospital (AURH) and AGH (Ambo general hospital) and identify the perceived barriers that prevent primary health care workers not to practicing deprescribing.Method: A facility-based cross sectional study was done using a structured questionnaire on primary health care professionals from July to September 2021. The data was cleaned, coded, and entered into the SPSS version 20 statistical software for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the dependent and independent variables.Result: 223 primary health care providers in Ambo, West Shewa zone of Oromia, took part in the study. Among the participants, 155(69.5%) heard about deprescribing; around half 109 (48.9%) of the respondents perceived that deprescribing does well than harm to patients. 147 (65.9%) of the respondents reported that they had consciously practiced deprescribing, and 76 (34.1%) had never consciously practiced yet. Regarding barriers, 85(38.1%) of the respondents said that lack of organizational support followed by lack of clear risk benefits information, lack of time and access make them not to practice. Conclusion: The study showed that the majority of the respondents heard about deprescribing and believed that it is important when drugs’ potential harms out weight their benefits. The majority of the participants said that the involvement of pharmacists in medication review makes them to practice deprescribing.
Intranasal delivery of tetramethylpyrazine alleviates kainic acid-induced hippocampal neuronal death
Authors: Xu Mei , Yi Tingting , Liu Bin , Li Guanghua , Pan Xiaofeng , Liu Jin , Wang Lihua
Published: May 2022

Objective: This study aims to investigate the therapeutic activity and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in kainic acid (KA)-induced neuronal death.Methods: The epileptic mouse model was induced by kainic acid. Male BALB/c mice were randomized into three groups: control , KA and KA + TMP , 10 mice in each group. In the KA and KA + TMP groups, PBS or TMP was administered through the nasal cavity 15 minutes before KA injection. The time of seizure in each group was recorded and the survival of neurons in mouse hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of proinflammatory markers (COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1β) in the hippocampus was detected by Real time-PCR. Finally, the induction of p65 NF-κB in CA1 and CA3 regions was analyzed by Western blot. Results: It was found that administration of 2.5 mg/kg TMP could reduce KA-induced neuronal death. TMP suppressed KA-induced gliosis and expression of proinflammatory markers. Meanwhile, the induction of p65 NF-κB was decreased by TMP in KA-treated mouse hippocampus. Conclusion: TMP promotes the survival of neurons in KA-treated mouse hippocampus by inhibiting inflammatory process.
Analysis of circulating tumor DNA to predict risk of recurrence in patients with esophageal and gastric cancers
Authors: Klempner Samuel , Huffman Brandon , Aushev Vasily , Budde Griffin , Chao Joseph , Dayyani Farshid , Hanna Diana , Botta Gregory , Catenacci Daniel , Maron Steven , Krinshpun Shifra , Sharma Shruti , George Giby , Malhotra Meenakshi , Jurdi Adham , Moshkevich Solomon , Aleshin Alexey , Kasi Pashtoon
Published: May 2022

Personalized and tumor-informed, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis allows for postoperative risk stratification in patients with curatively treated esophagogastric cancers (EGC). In this retrospective analysis of real-world data, ctDNA levels were analyzed in 295 EGC patients using a personalized multiplex PCR-based next generation sequencing assay. Postoperative ctDNA was significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free survival. In multivariate analyses, ctDNA status was the most significant prognostic factor associated with disease recurrence.
A Retrospective Evaluation of Commodity Management of Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine + Amodiaquine and Pharmacovigilance during Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Campaign in Nigeria
Authors: Rotimi Kunle , Aiden Jimmy , Dabes Chrysanthus , Maduka Kenneth , Oguche Daniel , Fagbemi Babatunde , Oresanya Olusola
Published: May 2022

Background: The seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) campaign provides malaria preventive medicines to healthy eligible children aged 3-59 month in the Sahel region of Africa. The campaign has helped reduce malaria burden among this age group in sub-Sahara Africa, but inadequate data exist on its supply chain management and pharmacovigilance reporting. To better understand its challenges and uncover areas to direct existing resources for commodity security and reporting of medication safety, this research evaluates the commodity management of Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine + Amodiaquine (SP+AQ), a drug of choice in SMC and pharmacovigilance reporting during the 2019 campaign in 5 Northern states in Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used, with a total of 1,189 health facilities (HFs) selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling in Jigawa, Katsina, Sokoto, Zamfara and Yobe States. The health facilities (HFs) were assessed using a structured questionnaire for distribution practices, compliance to good storage practices, staff training in pharmacovigilance (PV) and availability of pharmacovigilance reporting forms. Data were collected using the SurveyCTO data collection tool.Results: Overall, inventory tools were available in 92.2% of the HFs. HFs with non-updated inventory tools ranges from 3% in Jigawa to 23% in Sokoto. Delivery documents were not sighted in 22% and 19% of facilities in Katsina and Sokoto states respectively. Storage practices across the facilities were generally fair with the exception of a significant lack of risk mitigation tools like fire extinguishers, with its availability ranging from 9% in Yobe to 38.6% in Jigawa. An observation of sampled tools showed a significant number of entry errors and missing entries. PV forms were available in 84% of the HFs sampled and 91.6% had at least one personnel trained on PV which varied across the states from 95.6% to 67.7% for the reporting tools and 97.3% to 79.2% for health facility workers (HFWs) trained in Jigawa and Sokoto respectively.Conclusions: Commodity management of SP+AQ during SMC implementation in Nigeria is less than optimum and can negatively impact on commodity security during the campaign. A focused capacity building of HFWs responsible for commodity management, provision of fire extinguishers and PV reporting tools will help address the observed gaps in addition to improved supply of commodity management tools to health facilities.
The Biomechanical Evaluation of Plate Matching and Ideal Screw Trajectories on Internal Fixation of Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Xiang Chunling , Xie Pusheng , Zeng Canjun , Zhang Ping , Huang Huajun
Published: May 2022

This study was aimed to compare the biomechanical characteristics between the personalized plate system and the existing plate system in the internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures, and to explore the biomechanical advantages of the personalized plate system with matching plate and optimized screw trajectories in the internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. Schatzker classification I tibial plateau fractures were reconstructed using Unigraphics NX 8.5 software. Four groups of finite element models of Schatzker classification I tibial plateau fractures were simulated. Four kinds of implants were instrumented into the models, including the locking plate with mismatched anatomical shape and non-optimized screw trajectories (group A), the locking plate with mismatched anatomical shape but optimized screw trajectories (group B), the locking plate with matched anatomical shape but non-optimized screw trajectories (group C), and the locking plate with matched anatomical shape and optimized screw trajectories (group D). Loads of compression, rotation and varus-valgus were applied to a reference point coupled of the articular surface of tibial plateau. The biomechanical properties of different fixation methods contain deformation and stress index were compared to explore the influence of matching plate and optimized screw trajectories. As shown in the results, the three improved internal fixation groups (Group B, C and D) can effectively reduce the displacement of internal fixation and fracture end. Compared with group A, the reduction rates of deformation comprehensive index in group B, group C and group D were 0.94%, 0.22%, and 3.23%, respectively, the effect of reducing displacement in group D was the most obvious. On the contrary, the change rates of stress comprehensive index in the improved groups(Group B, C and D) were higher than group A, but the stresses increase were within the safe range. Compared with group A, the increase rates of stress comprehensive index in group B, group C and group D were 115.27%%, 32.77%, and 58.89%, respectively. The stress increase rate of group C was the lowest, followed by Group D. Base on the above results, we believe that matched plate and optimized screw trajectories group can obtain better fixation effect. Combined with the comprehensive stress and deformation index, it can be seen that the fixation effect is the best when plate matching and screw trajectories optimization for the Schatzker classification I tibial plateau fractures. And the influence of screw factor is more important than anatomical matching plate.
Epidemiological Linkages of Diarrheagenic Vibrio Species from Sea water, Seafood and Patients and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Kheir Kheir , Mbwele Bernard , Omar Khadija , Damas Modester , Namkinga Lucy A.
Published: May 2022

Background
Vibrio species are reported to cause diarrhea in developing countries, particularly in Africa. The typical species of Vibrio have an association with seawater, seafood and patient stool which have been rarely studied in Zanzibar.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2019 to February, 2020. Randomly samples were collected to investigate Vibrio species from seawater, seafood to human and vice versa. The samples were cultured using Thiosulphate - citrate - bile salts-sucrose agar and AMS was done by Kirby – Bauer disc diffusion method.
Results
A total of 303 sample participated in the study (60) 60.0% V. cholerae were identified from seawater, (57) 57.0% from seafood and (20)19.4% from stool. Similarly, 22.0% of V. parahaemolyticus were identified from seawater, 21.0% from seafood and 14.5% from stool. About 12.0% of V. vulnificus were identified from seawater,10.0% from seafood and 4.8% from stool while 6.0% of similar V. alginolyticus from seawater, 5.0% from seafood and 2.9% from stool. All Vibrio spp presented sufficient susceptibility to Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline with a varying pattern to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Conclusion
Vibrio cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus isolates are common causative agents of diarrhea in Zanzibar with reservoir in seawater and seafood. Both species presents sufficient susceptibility response to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline.
Effectiveness of a Life Skills Enhancement Program (LSEP-V) for Vocational Students in Thailand: A quasi-experimental study from a middle-income country
Authors: Auapisithwong Suthra , Jungsiragulwit Dutsadee , Mekwilai Wee , Benjaponpitak Amporn
Published: May 2022

Background
Adolescence is a complex maturational and developmental process with diverse variation across individuals and cultures, especially among vocational students. However, implanting life skills can help pass through this portal to adulthood, thus resulting in emotional maturity and the mental capacity to deal with the onslaught of life’s challenges. The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a Life Skills Enhancement Program for Vocational students (LSEP-V) with the aim to increase the level of well-being and strengths, which in turn would reduce behavioral issues for vocational students aged 15–25 years in Thailand.
Methods
Intervention groups from 22 colleges of both lower and higher level students (n = 1,283) received 10 x 45-60-minute ‘LSEP-V’ sessions. The control group was another 13 colleges of vocational students (n = 499) from nearby areas. All participants completed the Five Well-being Index (WHO-5) and Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at the pre, post, and three-month follow-up periods. Analysis using one-way ANOVA and t-tests was conducted to examine within the group time effect from the pretreatment to the post-treatment and from the post-treatment to the follow-up.
Results
The mean well-being score on the WHO-5 for the intervention group demonstrated a significant difference across the time (p < 0.001). There were increases from the baseline at both the post intervention (95% CI − 0.811 to − 0.283; p < 0.001) and three-month follow-up (95% CI − 0.763 to − 0.257; p < 0.001). The mean weakness score on the SDQ for the intervention group was significantly decreased at the three-month follow-up (95% CI 0.271 to 1.143; p = 0.002).
Conclusions
The effectiveness of the LSEP-V was verified through this study using a quasi-experimental design on a large sample. It showed a medium-term increase in the well-being among the intervention group compared to the control group.
Apoptin causes apoptosis in HepG-2 cells via Ca2+ imbalance- triggered mitochondrial apoptotic pathway
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang , Wang Tongxing , Li Yue , Li Yiquan , Bai Bing , Fang Jinbo , Han Jicheng , Li Shanzhi , Xiu Zhiru , Liu Zirui , Yang Xia , Li Yaru , Zhu Guangze , Jin Ningyi , Shang Chao , Li Xiao , Zhu Yilong
Published: May 2022

Apoptin is derived from the chicken anemia virus and exhibits specific cytotoxic effects against tumor cells. Herein, we found that Apoptin induced a strong and lasting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and Ca2+ imbalance, and triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms by which Apoptin exhibited anti-tumor effects on the HepG-2 cells. The intracellular level of calcium (Ca2+) was induced by ER stress and determined by electron microscopy, flow cytometry and fluorescence staining. Mitochondrial injury was determined by mitochondrial membrane potential, electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to investigate the levels of key proteins in the ER stress and the apoptotic pathway in the mitochondria. The relationship between Ca2+ level and apoptosis on Apoptin-treating cells was analyzed using Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA-AM), flow cytometry and fluorescence staining. We also investigated the in vivo effects of Ca2+ imbalance on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway using the tumor tissues xenografted on nude mice. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Apoptin caused an imbalance in Ca2+, and increased the expression levels of Smac/Diablo and Cyto-C. In summary, Apoptin induced apoptosis in HepG-2 cells via Ca2+ imbalance-triggered mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This study provided a new direction for antitumor research in Apoptin.
Deep learning prediction model of drought and flood in summer based on random forest and attention mechanism
Authors: Jie Li , Yuexing Cai , Hong Lu , Long Jin
Published: May 2022

The traditional linear statistical forecast method is often used to address the large inter-annual variation and nonlinear characteristics of summer drought and flood trends in Guangxi, but the forecast accuracy is low. In this study, the inter-annual increment of the average precipitation in August was used to forecast drought and flood trends. By calculating the correlation factor between the forecast and the previous 500 hPa monthly average height field, 81 preliminary forecast factors of the early monthly average circulation field were obtained. First, the random forest algorithm was employed to calculate and rank the importance of the 81 prediction factors and predictors, and the six most important characteristic variable factors were selected as the input of the prediction model of a deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM) network. Second, an attention mechanism was used to provide different attention values to the input variables of the model. Third, a prediction model for the inter-annual increment of average summer precipitation in Guangxi based on random forest and attention mechanism LSTM network (RF-LSTM-Attention) was established. When this prediction model was adopted to predict the average summer precipitation of the eight-year return sample in Guangxi (June–August) from 2013 to 2020, the average absolute percentage error of the model was 9.49%. The relative error percentage in eight years was greater than 30% (30.74%) in only one year (2014) and greater than 15% (19.65%) in another year (2013). The relative error of prediction in the six other years, especially in the years with maximum and minimum precipitation in the eight-year return sample, did not exceed 15%. The study further compared the prediction results of the same eight-year return sample of the prediction model with the LSTM model without the attention mechanism (the introduction factors of the model were the same). Results showed that the average absolute percentage prediction error was 10.88%, the relative error percentage in the same eight-year sample exceeded 30% (43.18%) only in 2014, and the prediction error was greater than that of the RF-LSTM-Attention model. Furthermore, the eight-year return sample forecast error of the forecast model was compared with the forecast results of the linear stepwise regression forecast model (5, 6, and 7 predictor variables were selected). The RF-LSTM-Attention model was approximately doubled and showed better forecast accuracy in qualitative and quantitative forecasting of the average summer precipitation in Guangxi.
Field-resolved spectroscopy approaching ultimate detection sensitivity
Authors: Pupeza Ioachim , Hofer Christina , Gerz Daniel , Fürst Lukas , Högner Maximilian , Butler Thomas , Gebhardt Martin , Heuermann Tobias , Gaida Christian , Maiti Kiran , Huber Marinus , Fill Ernst , Limpert Jens , Krausz Ferenc
Published: May 2022

Electric-field oscillations are now experimentally accessible in the THz-to-PHz frequency range1–11. Their measurement delivers the most comprehensive information content attainable by optical spectroscopy – if performed with high sensitivity. Yet, the trade-off between bandwidth and efficiency associated with the nonlinear mixing necessary for field sampling has so far strongly restricted sensitivity in applications such as field-resolved spectroscopy of molecular vibrations12,13. Here, we demonstrate electric-field sampling of octave-spanning mid-infrared waves in the 18-to-39 THz (600-to-1300 cm-1) spectral region,
with amplitudes ranging from the MV/cm level down to a few mV/cm. Employing powerful short-wave mid-infrared gate pulses14,15, the field-measurement sensitivity approaches within a factor of 4 the ultimate detection limit of capturing all photons in the temporal gate. This combination of detection sensitivity and dynamic range enables optimum use of newly-emerging high-power waveform-controlled infrared sources12,14,16–22 for molecular spectroscopy. In a proof-of concept experiment, we performed broadband quantitative linear spectroscopy of multiple gases over more than 8 orders of magnitude in concentration, at an interaction length of only 45 cm. Our technique brings fast, label-free, quantitative multivariate detection of volatile organic compounds over the entire known physiologically-relevant molecular landscape23,24 within reach.
Evaluation the effects of heated TC1 extract in combination with Lactobacillus Casei extract and alpha-galactosyl ceramide on mouse model of cervical cancer caused by the papilloma virus
Authors: Hagigi Dorsa , Yazdani Shaghayegh , Farzanehpour Mahdieh , Gouvarchinghaleh Hadi Esmaeili
Published: May 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is considered as the third prevalent cancer concerning the female genital tract. The prevalence of the disease is considerable in many developing countries. However, invasive cervical cancer is preventable, since it has a long pre-invasive period, a feasible screening program, and primary lesions as symptoms for starting the treatment. In this study, we are going to evaluate the effects of heated TC1 extract in combination with Lactobacillus Casei extract and alpha-galactosyl ceramide on mouse model of cervical cancer caused by the papilloma virus.Material and Methods: Cervical cancer in the mice model was prepared by TC1 cells subcutaneous injection into the left flank of C57BL/6 among 6-8 weeks female mice (n=80). After appearance of palpable tumor, the mice with cervical cancer were randomly devoted to 8 ten-member groups. The mice in some groups were treated with PBS, TC1 cell extract, Lactobacillus casei extract, alpha-galactosyl ceramide, and combination of the mentioned factors and then, they were evaluated concerning the splenocyte proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase production, nitric oxide, and the respiratory burst. Moreover, IL-4, IFN-γ, and TGF-β cytokines levels of splenocyte supernatant among the mice were measured. Result: The findings revealed that the combination therapy group (TC1 cell extract, Lactobacillus casei extract, alpha-galactosyl ceramide) significantly increases the splenocyte proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase production, nitric oxide, respiratory burst, and interferon-gamma (P<0.05); and significantly reduces production of IL-4 and TGF-β cytokines (P<0.05) in comparison to the control and untreated groups. Conclusion: The study showed that combination therapy of Lactobacillus Casei and alpha-galactosyl ceramide is an efficient treatment for cervical cancer in the mice model.
Survival of Veterans Treated with Enzalutamide and Abiraterone for Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer based on Comorbid Diseases
Authors: Schoen Martin , Carson Kenneth , Eisen Seth , Bennett Charles , Luo Suhong , Reimers Melissa , Knoche Eric , Whitmer Alison , Yan Yan , Drake Bettina , Sanfilippo Kristen
Published: May 2022

Background
Comorbid diseases influence patient outcomes, yet little is known about how comorbidities interact with treatments for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). No head-to-head trials have compared the efficacy of abiraterone and enzalutamide - oral androgen-receptor targeted agents (ARTAs) for mCRPC. In patients with comorbid disease, outcomes with ARTAs may differ due to disparate mechanisms of action, adverse events, and drug interactions.
Methods
Retrospective observational study of US veterans starting treatment for mCRPC with abiraterone or enzalutamide between 9/2014 and 6/2017 to compare treatment duration and survival based on age and comorbid diseases. The association between treatment and overall survival (OS) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards and propensity-score matched modeling while adjusting for potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses were performed based on patient age, comorbidities, and subsequent treatments for mCRPC.
Results
Of 5822 veterans treated for mCRPC, 43.0% initially received enzalutamide and 57.0% abiraterone. Veterans initially treated with enzalutamide versus abiraterone were older (mean 75.8 vs. 75.0 years) with higher mean Charlson comorbidity index (4.4 vs. 4.1), and higher rates of cardiovascular disease or diabetes (74.2% vs. 70.6%). In the entire population, veterans initially treated with enzalutamide had longer median OS compared to those initially treated with abiraterone (24.2 vs. 22.1 months, p = 0.001). In veterans with cardiovascular disease or diabetes, median treatment duration with enzalutamide was longer (11.4 vs. 8.6 months, p < 0.001) with longer median OS compared to abiraterone (23.2 vs. 20.5 months, p < 0.001). In a propensity score matched cohort, enzalutamide was associated with decreased mortality compared to abiraterone (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.96).
Conclusions
Veterans with cardiovascular disease or diabetes had longer treatment duration and OS with enzalutamide compared to abiraterone. Further study of ARTA selection could benefit men with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer and likely hormone sensitive prostate cancer, especially among patients with comorbid diseases.
SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: association between findings of CT and SF ratios in inpatients and critically ill patients
Authors: Öcal Serpil , Düzgün Selin Ardalı , Çelikten Burcu , Geldigitti İsmail Tuna , Karabulut Erdem , Başaran Nursel Çalık , Akpınar Meltem Gülsün , Uzun Ömrüm
Published: May 2022

Introduction
We aim to evaluate the association between CT findings and SpO2/FiO2 (SF) in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Our secondary purpose was to assess the predictive value of the SF ratio to identify critically ill patients and mortality.
Methods
A prospectively recorded electronic database for all hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was used. CT findings and SF ratio were evaluated on admission. In the clinical course, they were divided into 2 groups as inpatients and critically ill patients to compare.
Results
During the study period, 256 patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 were admitted to the hospital. The final cohort consisted of 87 patients. There is a significant moderate to strong negative correlation between the SF ratio and not-, and poorly-inflated lung ratios in critically ill patients (r = -0.591, p = < .001 and r = -0.549, p = < .001). There is a significant moderate negative correlation between the SF ratio and FWHM (r = -0.417, p = .024) in critically ill patients. The optimal cut-off point of the SF ratio for admission to the ICU was determined as 445 (87.1% sensitivity, 91.1% specificity, 84.4% PPV, and 92.7% NPV).
Conclusions
Lung involvement on chest CT in critically ill patients shows heterogeneity and FWHM could be used to estimate the lung heterogeneity. The SF ratio is significantly associated with CT findings and SF ratio on admission can be used alone to identify critically ill patients and mortality.
Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Gfr in Internet of Medical Things Environment Using Graph Neural Network Based Deep Q Learning (GNN-DQL)
Authors: Tatiparti B Prasad Reddy , Dharmar Vydeki
Published: May 2022

The identification of Chronic kidney (CK) disease in the medical field is still acts as a challenging scenario in the recent years. Precise recognition of CK disease possess a significant aspect in rendering effective treatment to the patients. Various forms of approaches have been developed for the exact classification of CK disease, but still there emerges certain forms of demerits including, improper selection of features, necessity of high storage space, requirement of effective learning model, less accurate, high complexities with respect to time and cost. The presence of these drawbacks adversely decreases the overall model performance. Hence to overcome these complexities, a graph neural network based deep Q learning (GNN-DQL) approach is proposed for the effective classification of five different stages like normal, mild, moderate, severe and end. Initially, the data are gathered from different people with the help of biomedical sensors through Internet of medical things (IoMT). The data are pre-processed through Handling Missing Values, Categorical Data Encoding, Data Transformation and Outlier Detection to eradicate the unwanted distortions. The Glomerular Filtration rate (GFR) is calculated with respect to age and serum creatinine level. Then, GNN-DQL technique is adopted for enhancing the classification accuracy. The parameters are optimized through Adaptive Mayfly Optimization (AMO) method. The classification performance is analysed with respect to accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1 score, confusion matrix and so on using PYTHON simulation tool. The classification accuracy of 99.93% is attained in the CK disease classification of five different stages regarding the collected data.
Comparative Genome Analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus Isolates from Different Ecological Niches
Authors: LIU XUDONG , Hu Tongyuan , Lin Xiaoqian , Liang Hewei , Li Wenxi , Jin Xin , Xiao Liang , Fang Xiaodong , Zou Yuanqiang
Published: May 2022

Lactobacillus acidophilus has been extensively applied in plentiful probiotic products and is mostly found in the gastrointestinal tract, vagina, and oral cavity of human and animal, and fermented foods. Although several studies have been performed to investigate the beneficial characteristics and genome function of L. acidophilus, comparative genomic analysis remains scarce. In this study, we collected 74 L. acidophilus genomes from our gut bacterial genome collection and the public database and conducted a comprehensive comparative genomic analysis. The analysis of average nucleotide identity (ANI), phylogenetic, gene distribution of COG and KEGG database, carbohydrates utilization, and secondary metabolites revealed the potential correlation of the genomic diversity and niches adaptation of L. acidophilus from different perspectives. In addition, the pan-genome of L. acidophilus was found to be open, with metabolism, information storage and processing genes mainly distributed in the core genome. Phage- and peptidase-associated genes were found in the genome of the specificity of animal-derived strains, which were related to adaptation of animal gut. SNP analysis showed the differences of the utilization of Vitamin B12 in cellular of L. acidophilus strains from animal gut and others. This work provides new insights for the genomic diversity analysis of Lactobacillus acidophilus and uncovers the ecological adaptation of the specific strains.