bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of particle size on soil consolidation processes
Authors: Rojas Eduardo , Reynoso Eva Guadalupe , Arroyo Hiram
Published: January 2025

Settlements in infrastructure works such as roads, bridges and highways are often underestimated
due to a lack of understanding of the phenomena associated with volumetric deformations of
soils. This can lead to significant damage to the structures built on them and in some cases it will
be necessary to demolish them or render them useless. This study shows the difference in longterm deformations that occur between two types of soil depending on their particle sizes. The
study shows the results of two soil samples subject to consolidation, with identical initial moisture
content, but with a different particle size distribution. It also shows how the consolidation process
occurs and the direct influence of particle size on the long-term volumetric reduction process of
soils.
A proposal for an IoT operating system for plug-n-play wireless sensors
Authors: Moreno Paul , Baltazar Rosario , Casillas Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2025

The proposal is focused on the development of an operating system that reduces the gap in the
needed technological knowledge for the installation of an intelligent environment. The aim is to
develop an operating system that is sufficiently advanced to autonomously manage the inclusion
of new devices, and that at hardware level becomes largely versatile to integrate new devices and
components into the environment. The proposal is based on modular hardware composed on three
main elements: a brain, a module (a transductor) and a power supply. Consequently, the software
must be able to recognize the installed hardware and subsequently manage communication with
other devices with minimal human intervention, being helped by algorithms and fuzzy logic.
Therefore, the contribution focuses on the creation of ubiquitous and pervasive systems, where
the system manages itself and benefit.
EDUKASI PUBLIK, PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN PENETAPAN HARGA JUAL PRODUK PADA KELOMPOK USAHA AKU-UPPKA (ANDALAN KELOMPOK USAHA- USAHA PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN KELUARGA AKSEPTOR) KOTA PEKANBARU PROPINSI RIAU
Authors: Indarti Indarti , Aljufri Aljufri , Apriliyani Ika Berty
Published: January 2025

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam penentuan harga jual produk usahanya . Penetapan harga jual produk merupakan salah satu jenis suatu keputusan manajemen yang begitu penting. Para pelaku usaha harus tepat dalam menentukan harga jual haruslah tepat. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi paara pelaku UMKM tersebut adalah kurangnya pengetahuan dalam aspek keuangan, seperti penentuan Harga Pokok Produksi (HPP) sebagai dasar dalam menentukan harga jual produk. Masalah tersebut dirasakan juga oleh pelaku usaha di kelompok usaha lima puluh kota AKU UPPKA. Berdasarkan hasil observasi awal, tim pengabdian masyarakat mendapatkan informasi mengenai kurangnya pendampingan pelaku usaha dalam menentukan harga jual produk.. Kegiatan utama yang dilaksanakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pendampingan penentuan harga jual produk. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini |adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman pelaku UMKM dalam menentukan harga jual produk. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menggunakan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah para pelaku UMKM mampu melakukan perencanaan keuangan pada bisnisnya.
 
Kata Kunci:
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK UMKM KECAMATAN BAYANG KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN DALAM MENHADAPI PERSAINGAN BISNIS
Authors: Amrullah Amrullah , Yulihardi Yulihardi , Malik David , Afrida Afrida
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this activity is to enhance the creativity and innovation of MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) actors and the local community through an analysis of product development strategies in examining opportunities and challenges. This includes knowledge about packaging, labeling, and branding of products, as well as improving business management, particularly in marketing and product quality enhancement. The impact of this activity is that participants gain insights into opportunities for MSME product development, acquire additional knowledge about the importance of MSME development strategies, and avoid complacency with their current production conditions. Products should not appear mediocre, unattractive, untidy, or unclean. To grow their businesses, entrepreneurs need to be innovative in product packaging. The team carried out this program through face-to-face meetings. The implementing team's hope is that participants will become more interested and motivated after receiving the training, aiming to improve and expand their MSME businesses.
Keywords: Pengembangan Produk, UMKM, Nagari Sawah Laweh Kab. Pesisir Selatan
PENGUATAN LITERASI EDUKATIF DAN SPIRIT SADAR WISATA BERBASIS “SUSTAINABLE BLUE TOURISM” DI PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Syahputra Chandra , Febriani Rina , Reswita Yefri
Published: January 2025

The enhancement of educational literacy and tourism awareness grounded in Sustainable Blue Tourism represents a strategic necessity in addressing sustainability challenges in coastal regions. This program aims to raise awareness among local communities and tourism stakeholders in Pesisir Selatan about the importance of balancing marine resource management, economic development, and environmental preservation. Through a participatory approach, the initiative incorporates training sessions, interactive discussions, and educational materials to deepen community understanding of the Sustainable Blue Tourism concept. It also instills core tourism values, such as cleanliness, hospitality, and sustainability, in all marine-based tourism activities. The anticipated outcome is the creation of synergy between local communities and stakeholders to support sustainable tourism development that enhances economic well-being without compromising coastal ecosystems. In this way, the program serves as a foundational step toward fostering more inclusive and environmentally conscious tourism practices in Pesisir Selatan.
PENINGKATAN TRANSPARANSI LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN KINERJA BUMDES
Authors: Seswandi Agus , Burhan Burhan , Oemar Fahmi , Bambang Bambang
Published: January 2025

Badan Usaha Milik Desa  (BUMDes) are institutions established by the village government to manage businesses owned by the village and aim to improve the welfare of village communities. In practice, BUMDes often face several problems, especially related to transparency and financial report performance. Some of the problems are lack of transparency; Financial reports that should be published to the village community are often not done routinely or completely.; Unclearness in Financial Separation, there is difficulty in separating BUMDes finances from village finances. The next problem is Weak Financial Report Performance caused by; Lack of Management Capacity: Many BUMDes are managed by individuals who lack the ability or knowledge in financial management and accounting. The targets and outputs to be achieved are 1) Increased capacity of BUMDes managers, 2) Increased implementation of a better financial recording system and stricter supervision and audits 3) Changes Better transparency can also be built through routine reporting. The solution is assistance on increasing the capacity of BUMDes managers, 2) Regarding partner problems, efforts need to be made to improve the implementation of a better financial recording system and stricter supervision and audits. The method of implementing the activity consists of mentoring partners. The methods used are 1) interactive discussion. 2) mentoring/training. This mentoring activity succeeded in increasing the understanding of BUMDes administrators about the importance of transparency in financial reports. Through an interactive approach and constructive discussion, participants can better understand the challenges faced and the solutions that can be applied to increase transparency in their BUMDes financial reports. In the future, it is hoped that BUMDes can implement this transparency practice more consistently to build public trust, improve financial performance and ensure the continuity of BUMDes businesses.
 
Keywords: BUMDEs, Transparency, Financial Reports
KARAKTERISTIK DAN TIPOLOGI WILAYAH PERI URBAN KECAMATAN JATI AGUNG, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Nadeak Venny Putri , Kurnianingsih Nela Agustin
Published: January 2025

Urban development typically brings changes across physical, social, and economic dimensions. These changes affect both the city's core and its peripheral regions, such as the Jati Agung Subdistrict in South Lampung Regency. As a peri-urban zone near Bandar Lampung City, Jati Agung has experienced significant transformations due to the city's influence. This research aims to identify peri-urban characteristics and typologies based on physical, social, and economic parameters in Jati Agung. The analysis involves quantitative descriptive analysis, scoring, and overlay map analysis. Outcomes from this study reveal that the Jati Agung Subdistrict exhibits peri-urban traits in specific villages. Development across physical, social, and economic facets, however, demonstrates non-uniformity throughout the entire area. Villages portraying peri-urban characteristics still lean towards a more dominant rural profile. Typological classification, considering physical, social, and economic aspects, results in two categories within the Jati Agung Subdistrict: secondary peri-urban and rural peri-urban. Six villages manifest secondary peri-urban characteristics, and fifteen villages exhibit rural peri-urban characteristics. The results indicate that as of 2023, the impact of Bandar Lampung City development has not significantly altered the rural characteristics of Jati Agung's villages, as no primary peri-urban areas were identified in the typology.
EXPRESSION OF RELIGIOUS SENTIMENT DURING THE COMMUNIST REGIME IN ROMANIA
Authors: Nae George Adrian , Croitoru Ion , Dumitrascu Robert Andrei
Published: January 2025

The policy imposed by the authorities in Romania from the moment of transitioning to the communist regime (1947), followed the Soviet model, which was based on the materialist-atheist ideology, however adapted to Romanian society. The repercussions were multiple, among them including the suppression of free expression of religious sentiment. In this context were most of the cults in Romania, among which the Orthodox Church. Predominant in Romania, this Church suffered greatly from the communist regime, which persecuted not just the ecclesiastical hierarchy, but also its prominent followers. Situated in an irreducible antagonism that completely contradicts each other, Christianity, on one hand, as the religion of freedom, love, and life, and Communism, on the other hand, as anthropocentric and atheist ideology, imposing itself through hatred and terror, were permanently positioned in opposition. The persecution started by the communist regime made many victims, with people from all social categories and religious convictions, of different ages whether they were men or women, young or old. Although many of these people enjoyed societal prestige at that time, they were still declared �enemies of the people� and, consequently, endured tortures and persecutions with an inhuman intensity. In the process of communizing the society, the Orthodox Church was seen as an obstacle in the way of forming the �new man�, being subjected to a systematic campaign of intimidation and control by the authorities, through a series of repressive actions (control of the clergy, limiting worship practices, imprisonment, expulsion of monks from monasteries etc.). All these aspects have been presented in this study, making use of the following methods: analytical, comparative, historical and descriptive, in accordance with archival data and other related studies
CYBER STUDIES IN ROMANIA
Authors: Pavel Tal
Published: January 2025

There are many issues in cyberspace that have an impact on people and society overall in different ways, affecting all industries and nations. Part of what makes cyberspace so unique is how creatively it uses modern technologies. The research emphasises the need for a proliferation of cyber studies among academic institutions in Romania: The cyber domain is related to every area of our modern lives and affects them in an immediate and far-reaching way, being a space based on technology. Cyber programs should focus on Bachelor�s degrees to enable a broad and well-trained cyber Master students. Such programs should be part of a broader spectrum of academic institutions in Romania and in more cities, covering various themed academic institutions, including those that allegedly are not technology-oriented. Even though some academic institutions are specified on allegedly non-related cyber domains (Arts, Music, Theatre and Film, Sports, Religion, Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary and Healthcare), at least some of the others should have cyber-related programs, for example, Engineering, Urban, Petroleum- Gas, and even Healthcare. Due to the holistic nature of cyberspace, such cyber programs should not only be part of various academic institutions but also part of various faculties, and not necessarily the technology or economic-related faculties. Thus, dedicated programs must be established for cyber-related domains as part of multidisciplinary studies and in the faculties of Humanities and Social Sciences, where the emphasis will be placed on relevant aspects of cyberspace. Cyber studies at Romanian academic institutions need to take a more comprehensive approach, emphasizing that cyberspace is a far bigger topic that should be covered by every faculty and not just something connected to cybersecurity and technology
PARTICULARITIES OF REMEDIES IN THE MATTER OF AWARDING PUBLIC PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS IN ROMANIA
Authors: Catana Emilia Lucia
Published: January 2025

The overall purpose of this paper is the analysis of remedies in the matter of awarding public procurement contracts, with emphasis on the Romanian case, in the context of EU law. Methodologically, the study aims to analyse Romanian Law no. 101/2016 on appeals and remedies for the award of public contracts, sectorial contracts and works concession contracts and service concession contracts, as well as for the organization and operation of the National Council for the Settlement of Complaints. This law transposes the Directive 89/665/EEC on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions on the application of review procedures for the award of public supply contracts and public works contracts and Directive 92/13/EEC on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the application of Community rules on the procurement procedures of entities engaged in activities in the sectors of water, energy, transport and telecommunications. The critical approach also takes into account doctrinal studies, given that remedy legislation has been applied in Romania since 2016. The results of the research highlight that Romania has transposed the European directives and the case law reflects certain peculiarities of remedies in public procurement that are a continuous challenge for theoreticians and practitioners.
BEHAVIOURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM CONSUMERS IN LITHUANIAN REGIONS FROM A SUSTAINABILITY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Narkuniene Ramute
Published: January 2025

The author analyses the peculiarities of the behaviour of consumers of tourism services in terms of sustainability in Lithuanian regions. The aim of the study is to analyse the peculiarities of the behaviour of consumers of tourism services in terms of sustainability in Lithuanian regions. The objectives of the study are to carry out a theoretical analysis of the peculiarities of the behaviour of consumers of tourism services in terms of sustainability and to carry out a study of the peculiarities of the behaviour of consumers of tourism services in terms of sustainability in Lithuanian regions. The paper analyses theoretical aspects of the behaviour of consumers of tourism services in terms of sustainability and presents the results of the research. It concludes that the behaviour of respondents in Lithuanian regions in terms of sustainability while travelling is still in the process of formation. Most respondents try to consume responsibly when travelling, do not litter or collect their own waste, but only sometimes choose environmentally friendly/certified accommodation and environmentally friendly ways of travelling. Most respondents take recommendations from friends/colleagues/acquaintances, consume responsibly when travelling and care about the environment. The most important experiences for travellers during their trip are related to nature, culture, gastronomy, etc.
DETERMINANTS OF THE TRADE BETWEEN BRICS COUNTRIES A GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH
Authors: Tamas Anca
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is to find out the main determinants of the bilateral trade between the BRICS countries. The BRICS countries are fast growing, emerging markets, relatively recently known as a group that counts for more than a third of the world�s land and more than 40% of the world�s population.
The augmented gravity model was used because is the model that explains most of the international bilateral trade and a panel approach was chosen to address the heteroskedasticity issues. The linear regression using Panel Least Squares Method was performed, with bilateral trade as dependent variable.
The findings: The GDP, the population, common language and trade openness have a positive influence on bilateral trade, which is in line with the previous studies. The geographical distance, as a proxy for trade costs, the exchange rate, the market concentration index, the inflation and the export market penetration index are determinants with the negative impact of the bilateral trade of the BRICS countries in the 2009-2021 period.
THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHICS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES
Authors: Tamas Anca
Published: January 2025

The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the demographics on the economic development on the BRICS countries during 2009-2021. The BRICS countries as Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are known starting 2009 (and 2010 for South Africa respectively), they are fast growing economies, emerging markets in the second stage of demographic transition and highly heterogeneous countries in most social economic features. Due to the fact they are counting for more than 40% of the global population, the demographic impact on the economic development should be significant.
EViews 8 was used for linear regression with Ordinary Least Squares, where the dependent variable is GDP per capita and the independent variables are age dependency rate, death rate, fertility rate and labor force population 15-64. Correlations, Unit Root Test, Collinearity Test and Granger Causality were performed as well.
The findings: There is a strong, positive correlation between GDP per capita and labor force 15-64 and negative correlations between GDP per capita and fertility rate and age dependency rate respectively, which is in line with the previous studies. Among the demographic indicators, fertility rate has a negative influence on GDP per capita, while age dependency rate, death rate and labor force have a positive influence. Death rate was found to have a positive influence on GDP per capital, in contradiction with the previous studies. There is Granger causality between labor force and GDP, as well as between GDP per capita and life expectancy.
VIRTUAL CURRENCY: EVOLUTION, TECHONOLOGY, PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Beju Daniela-Georgeta , Bresfelean Vasile Paul , Ciupac-Ulici Maria
Published: January 2025

In this paper we aim to present the theoretical foundations of virtual currencies, distinguishing them from legal tender, and to explore the blockchain technology that underpins their creation. We classify the existing virtual currencies into three categories (cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and Central Bank Digital Currency), and analyze their characteristics and market evolution. We also present the evolution of popular cryptocurrencies, bitcoin and Ethereum, underline their market dynamics, historical price trends and mining distribution. Moreover, we assess the implications of these digital currencies on the economy and society with their potential and challenges. Our findings illustrate a substantial shift in the attitude of central banks, with many considering the issuance of their own digital currencies in response to the growing popularity of decentralized alternatives. In spite of their actual promise, virtual currencies face certain limitations such as high volatility and regulatory hurdles. Our study underscores the novelty and scientific contribution of virtual currencies and emphasizes their transforming potential in the current financial landscape.
DEVELOPMENT OF AVIATION INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF INNOVATIONS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Pawlowska Elzbieta , Machnik-Slomka Joanna , Stawiarska Ewa , Wodarski Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

The idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) evolves with the development of the economy. The new areas and issues in this concept are linked to the changing reality and the impact that business puts on its environment. The overexploitation of natural resources, climate change, increasing pressure on the reduction of production costs, often resulting in violations of fundamental human rights, are not so new. The problems of the 21st century have shown that business must create innovations that are in line with the CSR concept. The aviation industry has a significant impact on the environment, health or quality of life. CSR issues become more and more important for the development of innovations from this industry.
The aim of this article is to identify the context for the development of innovation and CSR concept in the aviation industry, and to demonstrate that combining the development of innovation with CSR policy provides a competitive advantage to the enterprise. On the basis of the analysis of aviation industry companies, the authors present the relationship between the achieved innovation indicators and the implementation of CSR norms and standards. The research was conducted on the basis of desk research of strategic documents, company reports, statistical data and case study method of selected enterprise. It has been found, that the development of proenvironmental innovations has a significant connection with the implementation of the CSR concept in aviation enterprises. The analysis confirmed the assumption that developing innovation in line with long-term CS
EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS INTO POST-PANDEMIC INNOVATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC EXAMINATION
Authors: Pawlowska Elzbieta , Machnik-Slomka Joanna
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of post-pandemic innovation, utilizing data from the Web of Science database and Biblioshiny from bibliometrix R package. Analyzing 712 documents spanning the years 2020 to 2023, this study aims to identify trends, themes, and impactful contributions in the field of post-pandemic innovation. Key themes identified include the impact of innovation on performance, management strategies, health outcomes, and technological advancements. The most frequent words found in the analyzed documents include �innovation,� �impact,� �performance,� �COVID-19,� and �management�, underscoring the centrality of these concepts in contemporary discourse on post-pandemic innovation. The study highlights the most globally cited documents in the field, providing insights into influential research publications. The analysis also examines country-wise scientific production, with the UK, China, and the USA emerging as the top contributors. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the landscape of post-pandemic innovation research, informing future scholarship and policy decisions in this critical area.
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROMOBILITY IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: Stawiarska Ewa , Machnik-Slomka Joanna , Pawlowska Elzbieta
Published: January 2025

The article describes the model of the innovation management system, which is to be implemented in a group of enterprises and organizations related to the development of electromobility (hab for electromobility). The author of the article identified a research gap in the bibliography (concerning the weak cooperation of various organizations for the development of electromobility). The research gap identified in the literature prompted the formulation of the research problem, i.e.: �Enterprises and organizations cooperate poorly for the development of electromobility innovations�. The following goals were set by the researcher: - Identification of cross-sectoral stakeholders cooperating in the field of electromobility; - Identification of areas of cross-sectoral cooperation; - Identification of methods and techniques for managing cross-sectoral innovations. In the research process, the stakeholders of the innovation management system turned out to be: energy suppliers, energy cooperatives, managers of road infrastructure and intelligent transport systems, automotive cluster networks, manufacturers of electric cars. Stakeholders were surveyed using a survey technique (distribution of questionnaires on the survey portal allowed for quick collection of data from 120 managers of the above-mentioned organizations). The collected data allowed for identification of areas of innovation cooperation and desired methods and techniques of managing intersectoral innovations. The research gap identified in the literature was filled, because the article concluded that intersectoral cooperation should be strengthened for the development of electromobility innovations; effective instruments for supporting the innovation management system and the role of the system leader were indicated. Practical conclusions come down to recommendations of external support instruments and recommendations of innovation strategies, methods and management tools.
PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY AND COUNSELING IN THE MEDICAL ENGLISH CLASSROOM
Authors: Petraru Ana-Magdalena
Published: January 2025

The teacher of English as a foreign/ second language (EFL, ESL), in general and the one for specific purposes (ESP), in particular needs to bring specialty knowledge to the classroom to adjust to the requirements of the students� specialism. Alongside comes the (cap)ability to pass on language skills to learners and sensitize them in matters of intercultural communication. In this sense, Medical English classes (mainly addressed to students in General Medicine but also fitting Nursing and Nutrition ones) could particularly benefit from practical philosophy. Therefore, we draw on Lou Marinoff�s work, Plato, Not Prozac! Applying Eternal Wisdom to Everyday Problems (2000) or the more scholarly views on counseling via existential psychotherapy encapsulated in Irvin D. Yalom�s novels, When Nietzsche Wept (1993) and Lying on the Couch (1997). Thus, the aim of this paper is to account for the two authors� work to the extent to which it can be used in Medical English seminars when dealing with the communication between doctor and patient in its professional to lay acception of intralingual translation.
AIR POLLUTION RESPONSIBILITY OF MEMBER STATES
Authors: Onorati Chiara
Published: January 2025

The European directives on air pollution liability have undergone several substantial changes. The approval in October 2024 of a new directive has highlighted the problems present in the previous directives. This study analyses how they were addressed and proposes possible further innovative solutions. The definitions of environmental damage contained in Article 2 of Directive 2004/35/EC allow for the delimitation of legal areas and critical issues in the field of environmental pollution. The results indicate that there are still significant challenges in the practical application of the laws. To address these issues, the work proposes alternative solutions, such as the implementation of advanced monitoring systems, public awareness initiatives, virtuous models of renewable energy production and the adoption of sustainable technologies. These approaches could not only reduce environmental damage, but also promote greater responsibility among businesses and citizens, contributing to a healthier and more sustainable environment in Europe. The aim of this study is to call for a step-by-step approach to meeting current and future EU air pollution standards by setting air quality standards for 2030 aligned with the latest WHO air quality guidelines to guarantee the right of human beings to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature.
ASSESSING TRANSITIONS TO SUSTAINABLE AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS: A LEGAL PROSPECTIVE
Authors: Bottoni Maria Paola Francesca
Published: January 2025

The global food system faces environmental, social and legal challenges. Primary production has become increasingly dependent on external inputs from industrial companies, which contribute to the rising cost of nutritious food and decreasing the income of producers, particularly the producers in primary production. Adopting alternative models of short food supply chains can reduces those negative effects and moves the agri-food supply chain towards some Agenda 2030 sustainable developments goals and aims of European Strategies in the agrifood field. The present paper analyses the benefits of a short food supply chain model, the Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), whereby the farm receives financial support from the consumer community and offers to customers the access to nutritious and seasonal food. From a legal perspective, the CSA model presents several benefits, including increased agricultural productivity, highfarmer income, fast direct marketing and sharing business risks between farmers and consumers. Furthermore, the CSA model is aligned with several sustainable development goals set out in the mission �Zero Hunger�. The paper highlights benefits and limits of CSA as production and consumption model and its capability to satisfy the interests of producers, who receive maximum profit from their work, and consumers, whose consumption choices reduce environmental impacts. Some of the limitations of CSA arise from the lack of legislation governing this model. Indeed, despite its prevalence in Europe, CSA has not been formally regulated by European legal systems. In the CSA, the agreement between consumers and local producers characterised by a commitment to solidarity, participation and the achievement of sustainable development goals, represents a potential instrument for the planning of a new agricultural model. Therefore, the implementation of CSA models represents a crucial opportunity to rethink the agri-food system and address the current challenges it is facing.
CHALLENGES AND DIRECTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN REGULATION OF MEDIATION IN CROSS-BORDER DISPUTES
Authors: Gavrila Simona Petrina
Published: January 2025

Mediation, an alternative dispute resolution tool, has attracted the attention of the EU, which has decided to promote its use in cross-border disputes by adopting DIRECTIVE 2008/52/EC of 21 May 2008 on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters. Subsequently, in December 2018, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted the United Nations Convention on International Agreements Resulting from Mediation (the �Singapore Convention�), which applies to international settlement agreements derived from mediation concluded by parties wishing to resolve a commercial dispute in this way. Although it took part in the negotiations during the drafting of the Convention, it has not yet been signed by any of the EU Member States or by the EU, but the European Commission has started consultation on the Singapore Convention on Mediation, not only with stakeholders, but also with EU Member States.
INTERNATIONALIZATION AND EUROPEANIZATION OF THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW THROUGH STANDARDIZATION
Authors: Ion Gabriel Florinel
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Establishing the place and importance of the General Principles of Law in the European context, with the connotations they have at the level of the Member States, as well as at the level of other states, in order to establish the indestructible link between them and the rules or norms of fundamental law or only of law private. Starting from the definitions of the General Principles on all the specified levels, the objectives to be achieved for a correct interpretation of the application of the law are to be established.
Objectives: Bringing the General Principles to the fore and correlating them with the legislation agreed by states worldwide and, of course, European. The consideration of the General Principles in the context of the already established existence of Fundamental Human Rights, in the TFEU Charter and the provisions of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, in the absence of other international provisions in private law.
Proposals and methodology: Establishing a unitary legislative framework in the field of General International Principles that is subject to the approval of the states and that is compatible with the General principles at the European level accepted as such by the Member States and not only. As a methodology, it should be discussed at the level of world legal forums and then recommended to states for approval.
Results and implications: The results would be immediate and would involve world and regional forums that would interpret under the auspices of these General Principles the manner of applying the rules and norms, because the limiting function of the rules and rights in force in the Law system, delimits the essential core of it, or the content depending on the adoption of one theory or another, and theories abound in the field.
IL RUOLO DELLE ALTERNATIVE DISPUTES RESOLUTION NEL FRAMEWORK ENERGETICO EUROPEO
Authors: Rosanova Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

The final frontier of European transitional energy law must be found in the introduction of a balanced and efficient system of climate and energy justice. The stratification, over time, of multiple rules in European Union law, both soft law and hard law, has, on the one hand, ensured legal certainty and regulation of the various aspects of the matter but, on the other hand, risks increasing litigation between the players in this field exponentially. The significant increase in the number of regulations governing the various aspects of the �energy community� entails the need to raise the level of protection for energy consumers and, consequently, the need to provide adequate remedies to safeguard their rights. Among the factors affecting the need to set up an adequate system of judicial protection is the proliferation of private subjects who, in the new guise of prosumers and prosumagers, enjoy powers that are more incisive in the energy cycle, even though they do not give up their formal consumerist position. One thinks, of the integration into the electricity system of the digital transition, which, alongside the energy transition, risks creating multiple problems in the private lives of users connected to the electricity grid, starting with security from cyber-attacks and ending with the uncontrolled dissemination of personal data, damaging the confidentiality, dignity and identity of the individual. The energy justice system will have to measure itself against these factors and consider the need to flank judicial intervention with extrajudicial intervention, which is quicker, cheaper and entrusted to trained, impartial and equidistant parties. The realisation of the true energy just transition cannot omit to address the issue of safeguarding rights, lest consumerist achievements remain mere statements of principle, lacking adequate protection.
THE ROLE OF EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (EPR) IN THE TRANSITION TO A CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Authors: Ceroni Elisabetta
Published: January 2025

The concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has emerged as a key pillar of environmental policies, designed to shift the financial and operational burden of waste management from governments and consumers to producers. This paper explores the legal framework surrounding EPR, examining its impact on recycling practices in various sectors, such as electronics, packaging and end-of-life vehicles. The EPR aims to incentivise producers to design more sustainable products by making them responsible for their entire life cycle, including proper take-back and disposal. In the European Union, laws such as the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive (Directive 2012/19/EU) and the Packaging Waste Directive (Directive 2018/852 /EU) are key examples of how EPR is being implemented to enhance recycling efforts.
The aim is to identify the legal challenges associated with EPR, such as defining producer responsibility within global supply chains, ensuring compliance with regulations by monitoring their effective and efficient enforcement, and how critical issues arising from the economic impact of enforcement on small and medium-sized enterprises can be addressed.
The work also highlights how EPR contributes to a circular economy by encouraging the recovery and reuse of materials, thereby reducing environmental impact. The increasing prevalence of EPR-based regulations globally underlines its importance in promoting sustainable and resource-efficient practices.
ENERGY SMART GRIDS AND SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT: THE PRINCIPLE OF "MAXIMUM DATA PROTECTION"
Authors: Rosanova Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

The paper addresses the impact of smart grids on the energy sector and personal rights. Renewable conversion of the energy cycle has been deemed insufficient over time, and the production perspective has been complemented by innovation and research that have changed the transition process, which now also involves the digitization of the entire electricity system. Sustainable development is also technological, incorporating both the energy transition and the digital transition, aimed at creating an efficient electricity system that can reduce consumption, lower energy prices, protect the environment and safeguard the interests of stakeholders, both producers and consumers, especially those who are vulnerable or poor. The intertwining of the two transitions was captured, first by European legislative acts in 2009 and developed in the Fourth Energy Package, with the creation of smart grids. Smart grids, as the energy sectoral declination of the smart city model, give the electricity grid a new qualification that frees it from the merely passive vision of reducing it to the status of a means of transporting energy, to consider it as a tool for realising energy efficiency, allocating resources and protecting all those connected to it. The harmful impact of smart grids on the right to privacy and on all users� rights of freedom imposes the need to envisage a new Euro-European energy digital law aimed at providing general rules to regulate the proper exploitation of data collected by the network, without affecting the rights of all users of the network. In the area of negative effects, it emerged that smart grids restrict the rights of the individual in terms of personal identity and personal freedom, directing the behaviour and everyday choices of all�energy consumers. Protection tools include the introduction of a special and detailed informed consent by users and the provision of non-judicial dispute resolution tools that allow for faster protection of rights.
BETWEEN CREATIVITY AND MADNESS: SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON SISSI, LUDWIG II AND RUDOLF OF HABSBURG
Authors: Tomassoni Rosella , Coccarelli Valentina , Spilabotte Francesco
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to conduct a psychological analysis of three of the most controversial and interesting historical figures of the second half of the Nineteenth century, forerunners of their time, linked not only by their parental point of view, but by the same ideals aimed at the pursuit of dreams, tenderness and the impossible freedom they never managed to find in life: Empress Elisabeth of Austria, King Ludwig II of Bavaria and Crown Prince Rudolf of Habsburg. The work aims to relate these three personalities for their depth of soul and �extravagance�. Misunderstood because of their revolutionary ideals, they were completely alienated from the society of their time. The study intends to conduct a psychological analysis of these three characters, who certainly went beyond the ordinary, oscillating in a condition somewhere between creativity and madness. The aim of this work is to show how in some cases the concept of madness can have a negative function, translating into self-aggressive energy in certain subjects, as in the case of Rudolf and in certain aspects of Elisabeth, who were unable to be fully creative, bringing their psychic discomfort into the pathological. In contrast, the concept of madness has a positive aspect in the case of Ludwig, resulting in a creative process translated into the realisation of his castles in Bavaria. Some portraits of the figures described will also be analysed from a pictorial and psychological point of view.
Salmeterol and Fluticasone: Understanding the combination inhaler for asthma and COPD
Authors: Sobiya shaf Sobiya shaf , J V Manisha vajra J V Manisha vajra , Dr.A.V.Kishore Babu Dr.A.V.Kishore Babu , Dr.A.Srinivasa Rao Dr.A.Srinivasa Rao
Published: January 2025

COPD and asthma are two crippling debilitating
respiratory diseases affecting millions of patients
worldwide, severely impairing their quality of life.
Therefore, managing chronic lung diseases is a
complex issue, which needs to control the
inflammation and bronchoconstriction, two core
mechanisms of both diseases. Combination therapy
in one inhaler with Fluticasone Propionate and
Salmeterol has emerged as the gold standard of
preventing exacerbation, improved lung function
and well-being for patients with COPD and asthma.
It reduces airway inflammation through a longacting bronchodilator salmeterol and corticosteroid
fluticasone, which improves airflow. Such
combination therapy has a better bronchodilation
effect combined with anti-inflammatory action and
the potential to control symptoms and prevent
flare-ups and further improvements in lung
function, all of which simplify treatment regimens
and enhance patient adherence. Although generally
well tolerated, careful monitoring for potential side
effects, such as increased risk of pneumonia in
COPD patients, is necessary. This combination is
an important therapy in the management of chronic
respiratory diseases.
A Comparative Review of Herbal Medicinal Plants and Synthetic Drugs in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Pillalamarri Madhavi Pillalamarri Madhavi , Patnala Vaishnavi Gayathri Patnala Vaishnavi Gayathri , Singam Akanksha Singam Akanksha , Bhavani, Bodhuna Sai Joshna Bhavani, Bodhuna Sai Joshna , Gugulothu Bindhu Gugulothu Bindhu
Published: January 2025

Due to shifting diagnostic criteria, PCOS, a
complicated endocrine disorder that affects 5 - 15%
of women globally, is becoming more prevalent.
Polycystic ovarian morphology, ovulatory
dysfunction, and hyperandrogenism are the
hallmarks of PCOS.
These conditions can lead to metabolic,
reproductive, and psychological issues such as
obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance,
infertility, and anxiety. Even while genetic and
environmental factors have a role in the
development of PCOS, its underlying pathogenic
etiology is still unknown, which makes treatment
strategies more difficult. The limited efficacy,
adverse effects, and poor adherence to conventional
therapy, including insulin sensitizers, oral
contraceptives, and lifestyle modifications,
underscore the need for novel treatments.
In order to treat PCOS, this review looks at the
therapeutic landscape of both synthetic drugs and
herbal medicinal plants. Limited human trials and
animal studies have demonstrated the positive
benefits of important herbs on hormones and
metabolism, including licorice, cinnamon, flaxseed,
chamomile, and aloe vera. These herbs may help
cure PCOS side symptoms like hirsutism,
hyperinsulinemia, and irregular menstruation
because of their hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory,
and anti-androgenic properties. Advances in
synthetic drugs, such insulin sensitizers
(metformin), anti-androgens, and ovulationinducing medicines, offer specialized relief for
certain problems simultaneously. However, there
are still limitations in effectiveness, safety
concerns, and contraindications.
The analysis highlights the therapeutic potential of
integrative approaches that incorporate lifestyle
changes along with herbal and pharmaceutical
treatments. Herbal alternatives have less side
effects and higher metabolic benefits, but additional
study is needed for clinical validation. A synergistic
approach that leverages the benefits of both natural
and synthetic options could revolutionize PCOS
treatment by addressing unmet clinical needs and
improving patient outcomes
A review on physiological function of phytochemicals identified in various parts of the plantAlbizialebbeck
Authors: Kumari Poonam , Goyal DrAnupama
Published: January 2025

Albizialebbeck L., scientifically referred to as
Indian Siris or Koko, is an annual tree from the
Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae) family of
legumes.Medicinal plants are an important and
fundamental source for the herbal and
pharmaceutical industries, and they contribute
significantly to the global health protection of
millions of people.Phytochemicals are substances
extracted from plants that are produced by various
plant parts, such as roots, stems, bark, rhizomes,
leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, throughout
different stages of cellular metabolism.
Previous studies have dealt with the
phytochemicals of various plant parts, including
nutrients, glycosides, alkaloids, anthraquinones,
essential oils, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids,
saponins, phenolics, and tannins.All plant parts,
including root, leaves, flowers, bark, and seed, are
useful in Indian traditional medicine in the
treatment of several health ailments, for example,
allergies, asthma, bronchitis, arthritis, fractures,
gingivitis, gum inflammation, toothache,
hemorrhage, leprosy, leukoderma, malaria, night
blindness, scorpion sting, snakebite, and syphilis.
Finally conclude that A. lebbeck is still an excellent
source of phytochemicals with a variety of
biological activities that have exceptional
therapeutic effects for people all over the world.