bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2D Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for High‐Performance BatCap Hybrid Devices
Authors: Wang Kuaibing , Li Qingqing , Ren Zhujuan , Li Chao , Chu Yang , Wang Zikai , Zhang Mingdao , Wu Hua , Zhang Qichun
Published: June 2020

Two identical layered metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) (CoFRS and NiFRS) are constructed by using flexible 1,10‐bis(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)decane as pillars and 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid as rigid linkers. The single‐crystal structure analysis indicates that the as‐synthesized MOFs possess fluctuant 2D networks with large interlayer lattices. Serving as active electrode elements in supercapacitors, both MOFs deliver excellent rate capabilities, high capacities, and longstanding endurances. Moreover, the new intermediates in two electrodes before and after long‐lifespan cycling are also examined, which cannot be identified as metal hydroxides in the peer reports. After assembled into battery‐supercapacitor (BatCap) hybrid devices, the NiFRS//activated carbon (AC) device displays better electrochemical results in terms of gravimetric capacitance and cycling performance than CoFRS//AC devices, and a higher energy‐density value of 28.7 Wh kg−1 compared to other peer references with MOFs‐based electrodes. Furthermore, the possible factors to support the distinct performances are discussed and analyzed.
Passerelle Bahnhof Rotkreuz
Authors: Lüthi Thomas , Dubs Rafael
Published: June 2020

Die Personenüberführung Rotkreuz Ost verbindet die Bahnsteige des Bahnhofs Rotkreuz mit den angrenzenden Quartieren und wurde im September 2019 nach neun Monaten Bauzeit eröffnet. Das ausgeführte Stahlbrückenprojekt ging in einem Wettbewerb mit Präqualifikation als Sieger hervor. Die knapp 100 m lange Fußgängerpasserelle mit vier Liften und Treppenabgängen überbrückt das Gleisfeld als Zweifeldträger. Das Tragwerk besteht aus einem Hohlkasten mit auskragender Fahrbahn und ist mittels dreier Stützen im Baugrund eingespannt.

Gestalterisch wurde ein schlichtes, modernes Erscheinungsbild angestrebt. Der Stahlhohlkasten auf der Rückseite der Brücke erzeugt eine geschlossene Fläche, während der gegenüberliegende Rand mit einem transparenten Metallgeflecht abgeschlossen ist. Das gestalterische Konzept mit einer geschlossenen Seite und transparenter Gegenseite ist auf den Treppenabgängen am Brückenrand nahtlos fortgeführt und erzeugt so ein einheitliches Gesamtbild.
A Mixture of Modified Starch and Maltodextrin for Spray Drying Encapsulation of Nigella sativa Seeds Oil Containing Thymoquinone
Authors: Abedi Abdol‐Samad , Rismanchi Marjan , Moosavi Motahareh Hashemi , Khaneghah Amin Mousavi , Mohammadi Abdorreza , Mahmoudzadeh Maryam
Published: June 2020

Thymoquinone (TQ), a monoterpenoid quinone, is a major bioactive component of Nigella sativa L. seeds oil, which has been proven to have therapeutic and bioactive properties. The current study is carried out to investigate the encapsulation of N. sativa seeds oil containing TQ using the mixture of modified starch (MS) and maltodextrin (MD). In this regard, the effect of the different ratios of MS:MD on encapsulation efficiency (EE), TQ retention, and other characteristics of particles is investigated. The highest EE is observed in particles with 80:20 ratio of MS:MD powders achieving more than 90%, while the sample with 50:50 ratio of the wall materials has the maximum value of the retention of TQ (61.12%). The increase of MD ratio in formulations improves the wettability (<3 min) and solubility (>90%) of the particles, decreases the moisture up to 0.08%, and decreases the EE and TQ retention till 80% and 55%, respectively. The particles prepared with 50:50 ratio of MS:MD are the best particles with acceptable EE and better TQ retention is selected to evaluate the stability of TQ during the time. Results show that the encapsulation of N. sativa seeds oil considerably prevents the degradation of TQ during storage.
Application of Codes Performance‐Based Design Procedures for a Tall Building Using Recorded and Spectrally Modified Ground Motions
Authors: Rezaei Rahim , Tariverdilo Saeed , Sheidaii Mohammad Reza , Khodabandehlou Ashkan
Published: June 2020

There is a growing tendency toward the performance‐based design of tall buildings, where any assessment using response history analysis requires a set of ground motion (GM) records. This paper considering a tall building as a case study investigates how judgment on the seismic safety of the structure is affected by the use of recorded or spectrally matched GMs. Three model structures are developed: (a) using conventional design procedure of Chapter 12 of ASCE 7‐16; (b) adopting linear analysis requirements of Chapter 16 of ASCE 7‐16; (c) designing for service‐level design earthquake of Los Angles Tall Building Structural Design Council (LATBSDC) procedure. It is shown that all of the structures give acceptable performance when subjected to simulated GMs, although this is not the case for amplitude‐scaled GMs based on ASCE 7‐16 and LATBSDC. Finally, to have an objective assessment of performance, independent of GM types, incremental dynamic analysis is employed to derive fragility and mean annual rate of exceeding (MAR). Results show that for anticipated drifts at Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) level, the structures provide acceptable MAR at the fundamental period. However, for the higher modes including the second and third periods, MAR values become acceptable only at drifts as large as 0.085.
Effects of Cortex Phellodendri extract on post‐weaning piglets diarrhoea
Authors: Xu Xiaofan , Pan Yunxin , Xu Baoyang , Yan Yiqin , Yin Boqi , Wang Yanqing , Hu Shuxin , Ma Libao
Published: June 2020

The diarrhoea incidence rate is often high among weaning piglets. In light of the fact that Cortex phellodendri has long been used to treat diarrhoea in China, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Cortex Phellodendri Extract (CPE) on diarrhoea in weaning piglets and the mechanism behind such effects. In the first trial, 36 diarrhoeal weaning piglets were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was injected with 20 mg oxytetracycline/kg BW, while the two treatment groups were orally administered with 10 mg and 20 mg CPE/kg BW respectively. In the second trial, 96 weaning piglets were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was fed basal diet, while 300 mg CPE/kg BW was added to the diet of the treatment group. The pathogenic bacteria were then isolated and identified from the diarrhoeal faecal samples. Cell adhesion and RT‐PCR tests were used to investigate the effect of CPE on the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to IPEC‐J2 cells. 16S rDNA‐based high‐throughput sequencing was used to analyse faecal microflora. The results showed that CPE reduced the diarrhoea incidence rate (p < 0.05) and diarrhoea index (p < 0.05) compared to control group, and increased the richness and evenness of weaning piglets’ gut microbiota. Escherichia coli (E. coil) was identified as the causative organism. Cell adhesion and RT‐PCR tests suggested that CPE reduced the adhesion of E. coli to IPEC‐J2 cells (p < 0.05) and the expression of fae and faeG gene (p < 0.05) responsible for encoding E. coli fimbriae protein.
Erratum to: New axion searches at flavor factories
Authors: Vidal Xabier Cid , Mariotti Alberto , Redigolo Diego , Sala Filippo , Tobioka Kohsaku
Published: June 2020

We correct here a mistake in the numerical prefactor of eq. (2.5) of the paper.
Effective gravitational couplings of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supersymmetric gauge theories
Authors: Manschot Jan , Moore Gregory W. , Zhang Xinyu
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The low energy effective couplings of a four-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supersymmetric gauge theory to topological invariants of the background gravitational field are described by two functions A and B. These two functions play an important role in the study of topo- logically twisted four-dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supersymmetric gauge theories and in the computation of central charges of

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 superconformal theories. In this paper, we compute A and B from the partition function in the Ω-background for SU(2) gauge theories. Our results not only confirm the predicted expressions of the effective gravitational couplings, but also give the previously undetermined overall multiplicative factors. We also analyze A and B for the SU(N ) super-Yang-Mills theory, and confirm all the previous predictions.
Proof of the classical soft graviton theorem in D = 4
Authors: Saha Arnab Priya , Sahoo Biswajit , Sen Ashoke
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Classical subleading soft graviton theorem in four space-time dimensions determines the gravitational wave-form at late and early retarded time, generated during a scattering or explosion, in terms of the four momenta of the ingoing and outgoing objects. This result was ‘derived’ earlier by taking the classical limit of the quantum soft graviton theorem, and making some assumptions about how to deal with the infrared divergences of the soft factor. In this paper we give a direct proof of this result by analyzing the classical equations of motion of gravity coupled to matter. We also extend the result to the electromagnetic wave-form generated during scattering of charged particles, and present a new conjecture on subsubleading corrections to the gravitational wave-form at early and late retarded time.
Scalar mass dependence of angular variables in $$ t\overline{t}\phi $$ production
Authors: Azevedo Duarte , Capucha Rodrigo , Onofre António , Santos Rui
Published: June 2020

Abstract

In this paper we explore CP discrimination in the associated production of top-quark pairs (

$$ t\overline{t} $$

t

t
¯

) with a generic scalar boson (𝜙) at the LHC. We probe the CP-sensitivity of several observables for a varying scalar boson mass and CP-number, either CP-even (𝜙 = H ) or CP-odd (𝜙 = A), using dileptonic final states of the

$$ t\overline{t}\phi $$

t

t
¯

ϕ

system, with 𝜙 →

$$ b\overline{b} $$

b

b
¯

. We show that CP-searches are virtually impossible for 𝜙 boson masses above a few hundred GeV in this channel. A full phenomenological analysis was performed, using Standard Model background and signal events generated with MadGraph5_aMC@NLO and reconstructed using a kinematic fit. The most sensitive CP-observables are used to compute Confidence Levels (CLs), as a function of luminosity, for the exclusion of different signal hypotheses with scalar and pseudoscalar boson masses that range from m

𝜙
= 40 GeV up to 200 GeV. We finalize by analysing the impact of a measurement (or limit) of the CP-violating angle in the parameter space of a complex two-Higgs doublet model known as the C2HDM.
Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in children – how and why? A systematic review
Authors: Zadig Pia , von Brandis Elisabeth , Lein Regina Küfner , Rosendahl Karen , Avenarius Derk , Ording Müller Lil-Sofie
Published: June 2020

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used for a number of indications. Our aim was to review and describe indications and scan protocols for diagnostic value of whole-body MRI for multifocal disease in children and adolescents, we conducted a systematic search in Medline, Embase and Cochrane for all published papers until November 2018. Relevant subject headings and free text words were used for the following concepts: 1) whole-body, 2) magnetic resonance imaging and 3) child and/or adolescent. Included were papers in English with a relevant study design that reported on the use and/or findings from whole-body MRI examinations in children and adolescents. This review includes 54 of 1,609 papers identified from literature searches. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis, lymphoma and metastasis were the most frequent indications for performing a whole-body MRI. The typical protocol included a coronal STIR (short tau inversion recovery) sequence with or without a coronal T1-weighted sequence. Numerous studies lacked sufficient data for calculating images resolution and only a few studies reported the acquired voxel volume, making it impossible for others to reproduce the protocol/images. Only a minority of the included papers assessed reliability tests and none of the studies documented whether the use of whole-body MRI affected mortality and/or morbidity. Our systematic review confirms significant variability of technique and the lack of proven validity of MRI findings. The information could potentially be used to boost attempts towards standardization of technique, reporting and guidelines development.
Various Endoluminal Approaches Available for Treating Pathologies of the Aortic Arch
Authors: Anwar Muzaffar A. , Hamady Mohammad
Published: June 2020

Open surgical repair of the aortic arch for degenerative aortic disease in an unfit patient is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Endoluminal techniques have advanced over the last decade. Contemporary endovascular options including a hybrid approach (supra-aortic debranching and aortic stent graft), inner branched endograft, chimney stents, and scallop or fenestrated endografts are being used frequently as an alternative to open surgical arch repair. Understanding of the available endoluminal technology along with careful planning and effective teamwork is required to minimise complications associated with the endoluminal techniques, particularly neurological ones. Custom made techniques are superior to chimney or parallel technology in terms of their complications and durability. Integration of the protective devices such as embolic protection filters into stent design may reduce the risk of poor neurological sequelae. Long-term data are needed to assess the durability of these devices.
Anisokorie mal anders
Authors: Klonner Jan , Salchow Daniel
Published: June 2020

Eine 53-jährige Patientin beklagte erhöhte Blendempfindlichkeit 3 Wochen nach Einnahme von Moxifloxacin-Tabletten bei Infekt der oberen Atemwege. Es bestand eine Anisokorie, die Pupillenreaktion, sowohl auf Licht als auch auf Naheinstellung, war aufgehoben. In der Untersuchung des vorderen Augenabschnittes fielen beidseits ausgeprägte Iristransilluminationsdefekte (ITD) auf. Wir diagnostizierten ein BAIT-Syndrom (bilaterales akutes Iristransilluminationssyndrom). Dies ist ein seltenes Syndrom, welches mit einer massiven Depigmentierung der Iris sowie einer Atrophie der Irismuskulatur einhergeht. Risikofaktor für die Entstehung eines BAIT-Syndroms scheint die orale Einnahme von Antibiotika, insbesondere Moxifloxacin, im Rahmen eines Infektes der oberen Atemwege zu sein, aber auch spontan auftretende Fälle sind beschrieben. Betroffen sind v. a. Frauen mittleren Alters. Die genaue Ursache des BAIT-Syndroms ist bisher unklar. Diskutiert wird ein möglicher Einfluss der Konzentration des Antibiotikums im Glaskörper. Differenzialdiagnostisch muss bei Iristransilluminationsdefekten insbesondere auch an Albinismus, intraokuläre Entzündungen, Pseudoexfoliationssyndrom und Pigmentdispersionssyndrom gedacht werden. Eine spezifische Therapie des BAIT-Syndroms besteht bisher nicht. Erhöhte Lichtempfindlichkeit und ein Post-BAIT-Glaukom können mögliche Komplikationen sein. Die Kenntnis des seltenen BAIT-Syndroms kann im klinischen Alltag hilfreich bei der differenzialdiagnostischen Einordnung einer Anisokorie sein und ggf. zur Vermeidung unnötiger diagnostischer Schritte beitragen.
Anti-BlUFf: towards counterfeit mitigation in IC supply chains using blockchain and PUF
Authors: Aniello Leonardo , Halak Basel , Chai Peter , Dhall Riddhi , Mihalea Mircea , Wilczynski Adrian
Published: June 2020

The complexity of today’s integrated circuit (IC) supply chain, organised in several tiers and including many companies located in different countries, makes it challenging to assess the history and integrity of procured ICs. This enables malicious practices like counterfeiting and insertion of back doors, which are extremely dangerous, especially in supply chains of ICs for industrial control systems used in critical infrastructures, where a country and human lives can be put at risk. This paper aims at mitigating these issues by introducing Anti-BlUFf (Anti-counterfeiting Blockchain- and PUF-based infrastructure), an approach where ICs are uniquely identified and tracked along the chain, across multiple sites, to detect tampering. Our solution is based on consortium blockchain and smart contract technologies; hence, it is decentralised, highly available and provides strong guarantees on the integrity of stored data and executed business logic. The unique identification of ICs along the chain is implemented by using physically unclonable functions (PUFs) as tamper-resistant IDs. We first define the threat model of an adversary interested in tampering with ICs along the supply chain and then provide the design of the tracking system that implements the proposed anti-counterfeiting approach. We present a security analysis of the tracking system against the designated threat model and a prototype evaluation to show its technical feasibility and assess its effectiveness in counterfeit mitigation. Finally, we discuss several key practical aspects concerning our solution ad its integration with real IC supply chains.
Nonemptiness and smoothness of twisted Brill–Noether loci
Authors: Hitching George H. , Hoff Michael , Newstead Peter E.
Published: June 2020

Let V be a vector bundle over a smooth curve C. In this paper, we study twisted Brill–Noether loci parametrising stable bundles E of rank n and degree e with the property that $$h^0 (C, V \otimes E) \ge k$$

h
0

(
C
,
V
⊗
E
)

≥
k

. We prove that, under conditions similar to those of Teixidor i Bigas and of Mercat, the Brill–Noether loci are nonempty and in many cases have a component which is generically smooth and of the expected dimension. Along the way, we prove the irreducibility of certain components of both twisted and “nontwisted” Brill–Noether loci. We describe the tangent cones to the twisted Brill–Noether loci. We end with an example of a general bundle over a general curve having positive-dimensional twisted Brill–Noether loci with negative expected dimension.
Rollercoasters are not Fun for Mary: Against Indexical Contextualism
Authors: Berškytė Justina
Published: June 2020

Indexical contextualism (IC) is an account of predicates of personal taste (PPTs) which views the semantic content of PPTs as sensitive to the context in which they are uttered, by virtue of their containing an implicit indexical element. Should the context of utterance change, the semantic content carried by the PPT will also change. The main aim of this paper is to show that IC is unable to provide a satisfactory account of PPTs. I look at what I call “pure” IC accounts and show that because they fail to respect empirical data regarding disagreements where neither person is at fault, known as “faultless disagreements”, they must be rejected. I then go on to consider what I call IC “plus” (IC+) accounts. Such accounts attempt to account for the faultlessness of such disagreements using a simple indexical semantics, whilst introducing some extra ingredient to account for the disagreement part. I focus on two main versions of IC+: Gutzmann’s (in: Meier, van Wijnberger-Huitink (eds) Subjective meaning: alternatives to relativism, De Gruyter, Berlin, 2016) expressivist account, and López de Sa’s (in: García-Carpintero, Kölbel (eds) Relative truth, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008; Erkenntnis 80(Supp 1):153–165, 2015) presuppositional account. I discuss some internal worries with these accounts before going on to some final remarks about IC/IC+ in general. I conclude that neither IC nor IC+ can provide a satisfactory semantics for PPTs.
The Connection between Bohmian Mechanics and Many-Particle Quantum Hydrodynamics
Authors: Renziehausen Klaus , Barth Ingo
Published: June 2020

Bohm developed the Bohmian mechanics (BM), in which the Schrödinger equation is transformed into two differential equations: a continuity equation and an equation of motion similar to the Newtonian equation of motion. This transformation can be executed both for single-particle systems and for many-particle systems. Later, Kuzmenkov and Maksimov used basic quantum mechanics for the derivation of many-particle quantum hydrodynamics (MPQHD) including one differential equation for the mass balance and two differential equations for the momentum balance, and we extended their analysis in a prework (K. Renziehausen, I. Barth in Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2018:013A05, 2018) for the case that the particle ensemble consists of different particle sorts. The purpose of this paper is to show how the differential equations of MPQHD can be derived for such a particle ensemble with the differential equations of BM as a starting point. Moreover, our discussion clarifies that the differential equations of MPQHD are more suitable for an analysis of many-particle systems than the differential equations of BM because the differential equations of MPQHD depend on a single position vector only while the differential equations of BM depend on the complete set of all particle coordinates.
Mapping connectivity and conflict risk to identify safe corridors for the Persian leopard
Authors: Ghoddousi Arash , Bleyhl Benjamin , Sichau Clara , Ashayeri Delaram , Moghadas Peyman , Sepahvand Pooriya , Kh Hamidi Amirhossein , Soofi Mahmood , Kuemmerle Tobias
Published: June 2020

Context

Many large carnivores depend on habitat patches outside protected areas, as well as safe corridors between them. However, corridor assessments typically ignore potential conflicts between carnivores and people, which can undermine corridor effectiveness and thus conservation success.

Objectives

We identified safe dispersal corridors and conflict-prone movement bottlenecks for Persian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) between protected areas in the Alborz Mountains, Iran, by mapping habitat, landscape permeability, and conflict risk. We then identified priority areas for conservation interventions according to the intensities of different threats.

Methods

We mapped land cover using Landsat satellite images, gathered data on leopard and prey distributions and livestock depredation events via interview surveys in 69 cells of 6 × 6 km each. We then used occupancy modeling to identify habitat patches, used circuit theory modeling to analyze landscape permeability, and assessed human-leopard conflict risk using generalized linear models.

Results

Leopard habitat use increased with prey availability and decreased with elevation. Prey distribution, in turn, was mostly negatively influenced by agricultural lands and distance from protected areas. Conflict risk (i.e., probability of leopard depredation on livestock) was high in landscapes where agriculture was widespread and historical forest loss high. Not accounting for conflicts overestimated connectivity among habitat patches substantially.

Conclusions

Human-carnivore conflicts are an important constraint to connectivity and should be considered in corridor assessments. Our study shows how habitat analysis, connectivity assessment, and conflict risk mapping can be combined to guide conservation planning for identifying habitat networks and safe corridors for carnivores in human-dominated landscapes.
Managerial Skill and European PERE Fund Performance
Authors: Sleptcova Maiia , Falkenbach Heidi
Published: June 2020

Institutional investors often select private equity real estate (PERE) funds based on the belief that some of the managers possess skill. In this paper, we study skill of PERE general partners (GPs) from two perspectives: performance persistence and limited partner (LP) reinvestment. We first risk-adjust fund returns by controlling for fund characteristics and obtain abnormal returns that are driven by managerial skill. We then use pooled OLS and probit regressions on abnormal returns to show that managerial performance persists in our sample, and that skilled managers continue to deliver winning risk-adjusted performance, while for mediocre managers performance does not persist in terms of neither performance correlation nor probability of repeating performance. We also provide evidence that LP reinvestment can serve as a signal of skill, as reinvested funds perform better than non-reinvested ones. This positive effect of reinvestment also applies to the predecessor loser and non-winner funds, suggesting that poor performance does not always indicate the lack of skill, but can be a result of random events.
Former Communist party membership and present-day entrepreneurship
Authors: Ivlevs Artjoms , Nikolova Milena , Popova Olga
Published: June 2020

After the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe, former party members were particularly likely to start businesses and become entrepreneurs. What remains unclear, however, is whether this entrepreneurial activity was driven by the resources, information, and opportunities provided by former party membership or because individuals with specific individual attributes were more likely to become Communist cadres (self-selection). This study is the first to separate the causal effect of former Communist party membership from self-selection. Using individual-level Life in Transition-III survey data and a control function approach, we find that former Communist party membership has facilitated business set-up but not business longevity in Central and Eastern European countries. We also show that people who joined the former ruling party had fewer of the traits associated with entrepreneurship such as unobservable personality traits, ability, motivation, and entrepreneurial aptitude, and as such were negatively self-selected. We show that former Communist party membership still matters for business practices, business ethics, and the nature of doing business in transition economies.
Generalised joint regression for count data: a penalty extension for competitive settings
Authors: van der Wurp Hendrik , Groll Andreas , Kneib Thomas , Marra Giampiero , Radice Rosalba
Published: June 2020

We propose a versatile joint regression framework for count responses. The method is implemented in the R add-on package and allows for modelling linear and non-linear dependence through the use of several copulae. Moreover, the parameters of the marginal distributions of the count responses and of the copula can be specified as flexible functions of covariates. Motivated by competitive settings, we also discuss an extension which forces the regression coefficients of the marginal (linear) predictors to be equal via a suitable penalisation. Model fitting is based on a trust region algorithm which estimates simultaneously all the parameters of the joint models. We investigate the proposal’s empirical performance in two simulation studies, the first one designed for arbitrary count data, the other one reflecting competitive settings. Finally, the method is applied to football data, showing its benefits compared to the standard approach with regard to predictive performance.
Cyberkriminalität im Kontext von Partnerschaft, Sexualität und Peerbeziehungen: Zur Cyberkriminologie des digitalen sozialen Nahraums
Authors: Rettenberger Martin , Leuschner Fredericke
Published: June 2020

Die Etablierung des Internets als sozialer Raum stellte die größte Umwälzung menschlicher Kommunikations- und Interaktionsformen der letzten Jahrzehnte dar, wodurch altbekannte Delinquenzformen an die digitale Welt angepasst wurden, aber auch neue kriminalitätsbezogene Äußerungsformen entstanden. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel beschäftigt sich vorrangig mit kriminologischen und forensischen Erkenntnissen aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum zu Formen der Cyberkriminalität, die im Kontext von Partnerschaft, Sexualität und Peerbeziehungen auftreten: Neben dem Cyberstalking und Cybergrooming werden Cyberbullying (oder -mobbing) sowie das (Love- oder Romance‑)Scamming kurz vorgestellt und zentrale Forschungsergebnisse referiert. Die Darstellung dieser cyberkriminellen Ausdrucksformen verdeutlicht den stetigen Zuwachs an Bedeutung, den dieser Delinquenzbereich in den letzten Jahren verzeichnete, und unterstreicht gleichzeitig die Notwendigkeit einer spezifischen Cyberkriminologie dieser und anderer digitalen Delinquenzformen.
Global Abortion Policies Database: a Descriptive Analysis of Financial Coverage for Abortion Care
Authors: Lavelanet Antonella F. , Major Esther , Govender Veloshnee
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the Review

The purpose of this review is to report on data available in the Global Abortion Policies Database (GAPD) as of February 2020. The GAPD is a repository of publicly available sources related to abortion for all countries.

Recent Findings

Research indicates that where individuals must pay for abortion procedures, costs can often be unaffordable and catastrophic for households. Faced with financial barriers, individuals may be deterred from seeking healthcare or may resort to clandestine practices.

There are limited countries with publicly available sources related to financial protection for abortion services. Even where legal access may be available on paper, several countries restrict actual access by limiting financial protection to specific types of individuals seeking abortion or certain legal categories of abortion, thus raising questions of equity and possible human rights violations. As countries advance towards universal health coverage (UHC), there is an urgent need to expand the GAPD to include additional data, building the evidence base on national health systems financing, and to consider the implications of financial protection with respect to access to abortion services.
Additive manufacturing by means of parametric robot programming
Authors: Feucht Thilo , Lange Jörg , Erven Maren , Costanzi Christopher Borg , Knaack Ulrich , Waldschmitt Benedikt
Published: June 2020

3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) is now becoming a common technology in industry. The research activities in this area are constantly increasing, because with the high level of automation and the possibility to produce individual and complex structures, the advantages of additive manufacturing are promising. Most materials used in the construction industry can be used for additive manufacturing, for example steel and concrete. The print head (for example, a welding torch in the AM of steel) is mainly led by industrial robots, whose movements must be transferred from the 3D geometry files to be manufactured. In contrast to all-in-one systems, where hardware, software and printed material are coordinated, most robot-based AM systems are made of components from different manufacturers and branches. The objects to be manufactured are complex and the manufacturing parameters, which significantly influence the geometry and quality of the manufactured part, are manifold. This makes the workflow from the 3D model to the finished object difficult, especially because it is almost impossible to predict the exact manufactured structure geometry or layer height (which would be indispensable for accurate slicing). During the manufacturing process, deviations between the target and actual geometry can occur. In this paper, parametric robot programming (PRP) is presented, which allows flexible motion programming, and a quick and easy reaction to deviations between target and actual geometry during the manufacturing process. Complex geometries are divided into iso-curves whose mathematical functions are determined by means of polynomial regression. The robot can calculate the coordinates to be approached from these functions itself. This allows a simple adjustment of the manufacturing coordinates during the process as soon as target–actual deviations occur. The workflow from the file to the manufactured object is explained. The principle of PRP is transferable and applicable to all robot manufacturers and all conceivable printing processes. In the following article, it will be presented using wire + arc additive manufacturing, in which welding robots or portals can be used to produce steel structures with high deposition rates. Furthermore, the project “AM Bridge 2019” is presented, in which a steel bridge was manufactured in situ over a little creek and the presented PRP was applied.
Regime Change: Education to Work Transitions in England, 1980s–2020s
Authors: Roberts Ken
Published: June 2020

Abstract

This paper argues the case for viewing a country’s transition regime as a totality in which different career steps and routes assign significance and value to one another. Following the destruction of major sections of Britain’s transition regime in the 1970s and 1980s, the paper explains how the regime has subsequently been reconstructed following the 1988 Education Reform Act, replacing the vocational education and training schemes of the 1980s with government-supported apprenticeships, almost uninterrupted employment growth since 1992, and the financialization of the corporate economy alongside uncapped expansion of higher education. England’s current transition regime keeps rates of youth unemployment and NEET below the European Union averages and delivers the fastest transitions in Europe. However, the reconstructed regime also locks-in features that may well become long-term problems, namely an expensive higher education system which leaves graduates with debts that many do not expect to repay in full, and substantial low wage, low skill, low productivity sectors in the economy and workforce.
AeroVR: An immersive visualisation system for aerospace design and digital twinning in virtual reality
Authors: Tadeja S.K. , Seshadri P. , Kristensson P.O.
Published: June 2020

One of today’s most propitious immersive technologies isvirtual reality(VR). This term is colloquially associated with headsets that transport users to a bespoke, built-for-purpose immersive 3D virtual environment. It has given rise to the field of immersive analytics—a new field of research that aims to use immersive technologies for enhancing and empowering data analytics. However, in developing such a new set of tools, one has to ask whether the move from standard hardware setup to a fully immersive 3D environment is justified—both in terms of efficiency and development costs. To this end, in this paper, we presentAeroVR—an immersive aerospace design environment with the objective of aiding the component aerodynamic design process by interactively visualizing performance and geometry. We decompose the design of such an environment into function structures, identify the primary and secondary tasks, present an implementation of the system, and verify the interface in terms of usability and expressiveness. We deploy AeroVR on a prototypical design study of a compressor blade for an engine.
COVID-19 Susceptibility Mapping Using Multicriteria Evaluation
Authors: Sarkar Showmitra Kumar
Published: June 2020

Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) susceptibility in districts of Bangladesh using multicriteria evaluation techniques.

Methods: Secondary data were collected from different government organizations, 120 primary surveys were conducted for calculating weights, and results were validated through 12 key people’s interviews. Pairwise comparison matrixes were calculated for 9 factors and subfactors. The analytic hierarchy process used for calculating the susceptibility index and map was prepared based on the results.

Results: According to the results, multiple causal factors might be responsible for COVID-19 spreading in Bangladesh. Dhaka might be vulnerable to COVID-19 due to a higher population, population density, and international collaboration. According to the pairwise comparison matrix, the consistency ratio for subfactors and factors was in the permissible limit (ie, less than 0.10). The highest factor weight of 0.2907 was found for the factors type of port. The maximum value for the susceptibility index was 0.435219362 for Chittagong, and the minimum value was 0.076174 for Naogaon.

Conclusions: The findings of this research might help the communities and government agencies with effective decision-making.
A Single-Loop MIMO Trajectory Tracking Controller for Autonomous Quadrotors: The Control Point Concept
Authors: Bae Han Woong , Fahimi Farbod
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a sliding mode control using a control point concept is proposed for an under-actuated quadrotor. The proposed controller controls the position of the control point, a displaced point from the quadrotor’s geometric center, and the yaw angle. This method solves singularity issues in control matrix inversion and enables the utilization of the multi-input multi-output equation to derive the control inputs. The sliding surface is designed to control four outputs while stabilizing roll and pitch angles. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller in the tracking of a trajectory under parametric uncertainties.
NICE's evaluations of medicines authorized by EMA with conditional marketing authorization or under exceptional circumstances
Authors: Pinilla-Dominguez Pilar , Naci Huseyin , Osipenko Leeza , Mossialos Elias
Published: June 2020

Objectives

To investigate the impact of the uncertainty stemming from products with European conditional marketing authorization (CMA) or authorization in exceptional circumstances (AEC) on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE) recommendations.

Methods

Products which received CMA/AEC by European Medicines Agency (EMA) up to 1 December 2016 were identified and matched with corresponding NICE decisions issued by August 2017, the status of which was then traced to August 2019. We assessed whether the conversion of CMA to full marketing authorization triggered a review of a NICE decision. The odds of a recommendation carrying a commercial arrangement for products with and without CMA/AEC were calculated.

Results

Fifty-four products were granted CMA/AEC by EMA. NICE conducted thirty evaluations of products with CMA/AEC. Twelve products were recommended by NICE by August 2017 and fourteen by August 2019. All recommendations had an associated commercial arrangement. The odds of carrying a commercial arrangement were higher for products with CMA/AEC compared to those with full authorization. Conversions from conditional to full authorization among products not recommended by NICE did not trigger an appraisal review.

Conclusions

Uncertainty, stemming from the lack of robust clinical data of products authorized with CMA/AEC, has a substantial impact on HTA recommendations, frequently requiring risk mitigation mechanisms such as commercial and data collection arrangements. Further analyses should be conducted to assess whether the benefits of early access strategies outweigh the risks for patients and the healthcare system.
Tricuspid valvuloplasty for isolated tricuspid regurgitation in children
Authors: Wang Guanxi , Ma Kai , Pang Kunjing , Zhang Sen , Qi Lei , Yang Yang , Feng Zicong , Mao Fengqun , Yuan Jianhui , Zhang Hao , Li Shoujun
Published: June 2020

Background:

Isolated congenital tricuspid regurgitation other than Ebstein’s anomaly was rare especially for children. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and to assess the results of tricuspid valvuloplasty for children with isolated tricuspid regurgitation.

Methods:

From January 2010 to June 2019, 10 consecutive patients with isolated tricuspid regurgitation who were unresponsive to drug therapy underwent tricuspid valvuloplasty in our hospital. Patients’ clinical data were analysed retrospectively.

Results:

Mean age at operation was 48.5 ± 31.0 (range: 9–106) months and mean weight at operation was 16.1 ± 6.9 (range: 8.6–33.0) kg. All patients presented severe isolated tricuspid regurgitation. According to pathological lesions, the main causes accounted for chordae tendinea rupture (3/10), leaflet cleft (2/10), mal-connected chordal tendinea to leaflets (2/10), elongated chordae (1/10) and chordae absent (1/10), and severe anterior leaflet dysplasia (1/10). Individualised tricuspid valvuloplasty was adapted to all of them successfully. Post-operative echocardiography showed no tricuspid regurgitation in two patients and mild regurgitation in eight patients. The cardiothoracic ratios on their chest roentgenograms decreased from 0.59 ± 0.05 to 0.54 ± 0.05. At the latest follow-up (50.4 ± 47.2 months), echocardiography showed that mild to moderate tricuspid regurgitation in seven patients, moderate tricuspid regurgitation in three patients, and no patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation. All patients were in NYHA functional class I.

Conclusions:

For patients with isolated tricuspid regurgitation who were not well responsive to drug therapy, individualised tricuspid valve repair can achieve an excellent result.
Aortopexy – an effective strategy for relief of left main bronchus compression
Authors: Rajan Saileela , Kalpana Sivasambo , Coelho Robert
Published: June 2020

Congenital anomalies of aortic arch and pulmonary arteries can cause airway compression in children. We present a rare case of left main bronchus compression between the right pulmonary artery and descending thoracic aorta, which was successfully treated by aortopexy.
Mental pain and pain-proneness in patients with migraine: results from the PAINMIG cohort-study
Authors: Cosci Fiammetta , Svicher Andrea , Mansueto Giovanni , Benemei Silvia , Chiarugi Alberto , De Cesaris Francesco , Guidi Jenny , Zipfel Stephan
Published: June 2020

Background

Pain has been qualified under four categories: nociception, perception of pain, suffering, and pain behaviors. Most of the literature on migraine has devoted attention to the first two. The aim of the present cohort study was to investigate patients with migraine enrolled at a tertiary care unit to study suffering and mental pain and identify potential risk factors for migraine.

Methods

An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on patients with chronic migraine (CM) and episodic migraine (EM), and healthy subjects (HS). The three groups were matched for age and sex. A comprehensive assessment of migraine disability, pain, psychiatric disorders, psychosomatic syndromes, depressive and anxious symptoms, euthymia, psychosocial variables, mental pain, and pain-proneness (PP) was performed.

Results

Three hundred subjects were enrolled (100 CM, 100 EM, and 100 HS). Based on the multiple regression analyses, those presenting PP (social impairment: odds ratio [OR] = 3.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-11.29; depressive symptoms: OR = 3.82, 95% CI = 1.74-8.41) were more likely to be CM than HS. Those with higher levels of PP (social impairment: OR = 4.04, 95% CI = 1.60-10.22; depressive symptoms: OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.26-3.24) were more likely to be EM than HS. Those presenting higher levels of mental pain were more likely to be CM than EM (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.02-2.07).

Conclusion

Migraine is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with psychosocial manifestations that might contribute to the level of suffering of the individuals. Mental pain resulted to be the variable that most differentiated patients with CM from EM.
Transoceanic Arabic historiography: sharing the past of the sixteenth-century western Indian Ocean
Authors: Bahl Christopher D.
Published: June 2020

The early modern western Indian Ocean constituted a dynamic space of human interaction. While scholarship has mostly concentrated on trade and commerce, recent studies have shifted the focus to social and cultural mobilities. This article argues for the emergence of a transoceanic Arabic historiography during the sixteenth century, which reflected on the cultural integration of regions from Egypt, the Hijaz, and Yemen in the Red Sea region, to Gujarat, the Deccan, and Malabar in the subcontinent. Historians from the Persian cosmopolis further north observed a strong cultural connection between Arabophone communities of the western Indian Ocean region. Manuscript collections in India show that Arabic historical texts from the Red Sea region had a readership in the subcontinent. Most importantly, mobile scholars began to compose Arabic histories while receiving patronage at the western Indian courts. Scholarly mobilities fostered cultural exchanges, which increasingly built on a shared history, written, read, and circulated in Arabic during the sixteenth century
Analysis of high-order sub-harmonically injection-locked oscillators
Authors: Hernández Silvia , Pontón Mabel , Sancho Sergio , Suárez Almudena
Published: June 2020

High-order sub-harmonically injection-locked oscillators have recently been proposed for low phase-noise frequency generation, with carrier-selection capabilities. Though excellent experimental behavior has been demonstrated, the analysis/simulation of these circuits is demanding, due to the high ratio between the oscillation frequency and the frequency of the input source. This work provides an analysis methodology that covers the main aspects of the circuit behavior, including the detection of the locking bands and the prediction of the phase-noise spectral density. Initially, the oscillator in the presence of a multi-harmonic input source is described with a reduced-order envelope-domain formulation, at the oscillation frequency, based on an oscillator-admittance function extracted from harmonic-balance simulations. This allows deriving an expression for the oscillation phase shift with respect to the input source, and the average of this phase shift is shown to evolve continuously in the distinct synchronization bands obtained when varying a tuning voltage. This property can be used to detect the locking bands in circuit-level envelope-domain simulations, which, as shown here, can be done through different Fourier decompositions and sampling rates. The phase noise of the high-order sub-harmonic injection-locked oscillator under an arbitrary periodic input waveform is investigated in detail. The frequency response to the noise sources is described with a semi-analytical formulation, relying on the oscillator-admittance function in injection-locked conditions. The input noise is derived from the timing jitter of the injection source and the phase-noise response is shown to exhibit a low-pass characteristic, which initially follows the up-converted input noise and then the oscillator own noise sources. A method is proposed to identify the key parameters of the derived phase-noise spectrum from envelope-domain simulations. The various analysis methodologies have been applied to a prototype at 2.7 GHz at the sub-harmonic order N = 30 which has been manufactured and measured.