bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
43-Year Temporal Trends in Immune Response to Oral Bacteria in a Swedish Population
Authors: Esberg Anders , Johansson Anders , Claesson Rolf , Johansson Ingegerd
Published: July 2020

Bacteria colonizing the mouth induce an adaptive immune response with the systemic and local presence of species or strain-specific immunoglobulins. Few studies have addressed global antibody patterns for oral bacteria or potential population time trends. We assessed these aspects in relation to a panel of oral bacteria. Using multiplex immunoblotting, IgG levels for 26 oral bacterial species (54 strains) were determined in 888 plasma samples from 30-year-old early pregnant women (n = 516) and 50-year-old men and women (n = 372) collected between 1976 and 2018. Inter-species correlations were found and age-dependent profiles and levels of immune responses to oral bacteria confirmed. We found temporal trends in the global and single-species antibody responses, but this was age-specific with both inclining and declining shifts. Prominent shifts in the younger group increased IgG towards health-associated Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguinis, and in the older group towards disease-associated Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Filifactor alocis, and Streptococcus mutans, among others. We concluded that temporal shifts occurred from 1976 to 2018, which may reflect improved oral health (more remaining teeth) and altered lifestyle habits, but this needs to be evaluated in observational studies considering more aspects.
Mycoplasma bovis in Spanish Cattle Herds: Two Groups of Multiresistant Isolates Predominate, with One Remaining Susceptible to Fluoroquinolones
Authors: García-Galán Ana , Nouvel Laurent-Xavier , Baranowski Eric , Gómez-Martín Ángel , Sánchez Antonio , Citti Christine , de la Fe Christian
Published: July 2020

Mycoplasma bovis is an important bovine pathogen causing pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis and is responsible for major economic losses worldwide. In the absence of an efficient vaccine, control of M. bovis infections mainly relies on antimicrobial treatments, but resistance is reported in an increasing number of countries. To address the situation in Spain, M. bovis was searched in 436 samples collected from beef and dairy cattle (2016–2019) and 28% were positive. Single-locus typing using polC sequences further revealed that two subtypes ST2 and ST3, circulate in Spain both in beef and dairy cattle, regardless of the regions or the clinical signs. Monitoring of ST2 and ST3 isolates minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to a panel of antimicrobials revealed one major difference when using fluoroquinolones (FQL): ST2 is more susceptible than ST3. Accordingly, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) further identified mutations in the gyrA and parC regions, encoding quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) only in ST3 isolates. This situation shows the capacity of ST3 to accumulate mutations in QRDR and might reflect the selective pressure imposed by the extensive use of these antimicrobials. MIC values and detection of mutations by WGS also showed that most Spanish isolates are resistant to macrolides, lincosamides, and tetracyclines. Valnemulin was the only one effective, at least in vitro, against both STs.
In-Depth Study into Polymeric Materials in Low-Density Gastroretentive Formulations
Authors: Iglesias Nieves , Galbis Elsa , Romero-Azogil Lucía , Benito Elena , Lucas Ricardo , García-Martín M. Gracia , de-Paz M.-Violante
Published: July 2020

The extensive use of oral dosage forms for the treatment of diseases may be linked to deficient pharmacokinetic properties. In some cases the drug is barely soluble; in others, the rapid transit of the formulation through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) makes it difficult to achieve therapeutic levels in the organism; moreover, some drugs must act locally due to a gastric pathology, but the time they remain in the stomach is short. The use of formulations capable of improving all these parameters, as well as increasing the resident time in the stomach, has been the target of numerous research works, with low-density systems being the most promising and widely explored, however, there is further scope to improve these systems. There are a vast variety of polymeric materials used in low-density gastroretentive systems and a number of methods to improve the bioavailability of the drugs. This works aims to expedite the development of breakthrough approaches by providing an in-depth understanding of the polymeric materials currently used, both natural and synthetic, their properties, advantages, and drawbacks.
Change of Characterization and Film Morphology Based on Acrylic Pressure Sensitive Adhesives by Hydrophilic Derivative Ratio
Authors: Seok Woong Cheol , Leem Jong Tae , Kang Ju Hui , Kim Young Jun , Lee Sangkug , Song Ho Jun
Published: July 2020

Hydrophilic acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were synthesized by controlling the contents of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA); especially, the characteristic change of the HEA content was analyzed. Surface contact angle of acrylic PSA film decreased from 77.87° to 70.23° in the case of Acryl-2 to Acryl-8 (below HEA 10 wt %). However, the surface contact angle of Acryl-10 to Acryl-40 (HEA 10 wt % to 40 wt %) increased up to 92.29°, indicating hydrophobicity. All acrylic PSA films showed high adhesive force above 1800 gf/25 mm. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, hydrophilic acrylic PSAs exhibited amorphous property and it was confirmed that the morphology of acrylic PSA film was significantly affected by the flexibility of the polymer chain and the strength of hydrogen bonding. The affinity with hydrophilic materials for acrylic PSA films was evaluated by T-type peel test, confirming that the affinity with hydrophilic materials is determined by the hydrophilicity of the acrylic PSA film. The synthesized acrylic PSA film is non-toxic regardless of the hydrophilicity.
Injection Molding of Coir Coconut Fiber Reinforced Polyolefin Blends: Mechanical, Viscoelastic, Thermal Behavior and Three-Dimensional Microscopy Study
Authors: Hidalgo-Salazar Miguel A. , Correa-Aguirre Juan P. , García-Navarro Serafín , Roca-Blay Luis
Published: July 2020

In this study, the properties of a polyolefin blend matrix (PP-HDPE) were evaluated and modified through the addition of raw coir coconut fibers-(CCF). PP-HDPE-CCF biocomposites were prepared using melt blending processes with CCF loadings up to 30% (w/w). CCF addition generates an increase of the tensile and flexural modulus up to 78% and 99% compared to PP-HDPE blend. This stiffening effect is caused by a decrease in the polymeric chain mobility due to CCF, the higher mechanical properties of the CCF compared to the polymeric matrix and could be an advantage for some biocomposites applications. Thermal characterizations show that CCF incorporation increases the PP-HDPE thermal stability up to 63 °C, slightly affecting the melting behavior of the PP and HDPE matrix. DMA analysis shows that CCF improves the PP-HDPE blend capacity to absorb higher external loads while exhibiting elastic behavior maintaining its characteristics at higher temperatures. Also, the three-dimensional microscopy study showed that CCF particles enhance the dimensional stability of the PP-HDPE matrix and decrease manufacturing defects as shrinkage in injected specimens. This research opens a feasible opportunity for considering PP-HDPE-CCF biocomposites as alternative materials for the design and manufacturing of sustainable products by injection molding.
Investigation of Plume Offset Characteristics in Bubble Columns by Euler–Euler Simulation
Authors: Cheng Yixuan , Zhang Qiong , Jiang Pan , Zhang Kaidi , Wei Wei
Published: July 2020

Based on low-cost and easy to enlarge, the bubble column device has been widely concerned in chemical industry. This paper focuses on bubble plumes in laboratory-scale three-dimensional rectangular air-water columns. Static behavior has been investigated in many experiments and simulations, and our present investigations consider the dynamic behavior of bubble plume offset in three dimensions. The investigations are conducted with a set of closure models by the Euler–Euler approach, and subsequently, literature data for rectangular bubble columns are analyzed for comparison purposes. Moreover, the transient evolution characteristics of the bubble plume in the bubble column and the gas phase distribution in sections are introduced, and the offset characteristics and the oscillation period of the plume are analyzed. In addition, the distributions of the vector diagram of velocity and vortex intensity in the domain are given. The effects of different fluxes and column aspect ratios on bubble plumes are studied, and the offset and plume oscillation period (POP) characteristics of bubbles are examined. The investigations reveal quantitative correlations of operating conditions (gas volume flux) and aspect ratios that have not been reported so far, and the simulated and experimental POP results agree well. An interesting phenomenon is that POP does not occur under conditions of a high flux and aspect ratio, and the corresponding prediction values for the conditions with and without POP are given as well. The results reported in this paper may open up a new way for further study of the mass transfer of bubble plumes and development of chemical equipment.
Finite Element Modeling in the Design Process of 3D Printed Pneumatic Soft Actuators and Sensors
Authors: Tawk Charbel , Alici Gursel
Published: July 2020

The modeling of soft structures, actuators, and sensors is challenging, primarily due to the high nonlinearities involved in such soft robotic systems. Finite element modeling (FEM) is an effective technique to represent soft and deformable robotic systems containing geometric nonlinearities due to large mechanical deformations, material nonlinearities due to the inherent nonlinear behavior of the materials (i.e., stress-strain behavior) involved in such systems, and contact nonlinearities due to the surfaces that come into contact upon deformation. Prior to the fabrication of such soft robotic systems, FEM can be used to predict their behavior efficiently and accurately under various inputs and optimize their performance and topology to meet certain design and performance requirements. In this article, we present the implementation of FEM in the design process of directly three-dimensional (3D) printed pneumatic soft actuators and sensors to accurately predict their behavior and optimize their performance and topology. We present numerical and experimental results to show that this approach is very effective to rapidly and efficiently design the soft actuators and sensors to meet certain design requirements and to save time, modeling, design, and fabrication resources.
Feature Point Registration Model of Farmland Surface and Its Application Based on a Monocular Camera
Authors: Li Yang , Huang Dongyan , Qi Jiangtao , Chen Sikai , Sun Huibin , Liu Huili , Jia Honglei
Published: July 2020

In this study, an image registration algorithm was applied to calculate the rotation angle of objects when matching images. Some commonly used image feature detection algorithms such as features from accelerated segment test (FAST), speeded up robust features (SURF) and maximally stable extremal regions (MSER) algorithms were chosen as feature extraction components. Comparing the running time and accuracy, the image registration algorithm based on SURF has better performance than the other algorithms. Accurately obtaining the roll angle is one of the key technologies to improve the positioning accuracy and operation quality of agricultural equipment. To acquire the roll angle of agriculture machinery, a roll angle acquisition model based on the image registration algorithm was built. Then, the performance of the model with a monocular camera was tested in the field. The field test showed that the average error of the rolling angle was 0.61°, while the minimum error was 0.08°. The field test indicated that the model could accurately obtain the attitude change trend of agricultural machinery when it was working in irregular farmlands. The model described in this paper could provide a foundation for agricultural equipment navigation and autonomous driving.
Deep Sensing: Inertial and Ambient Sensing for Activity Context Recognition Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Otebolaku Abayomi , Enamamu Timibloudi , Alfoudi Ali , Ikpehai Augustine , Marchang Jims , Lee Gyu Myoung
Published: July 2020

With the widespread use of embedded sensing capabilities of mobile devices, there has been unprecedented development of context-aware solutions. This allows the proliferation of various intelligent applications, such as those for remote health and lifestyle monitoring, intelligent personalized services, etc. However, activity context recognition based on multivariate time series signals obtained from mobile devices in unconstrained conditions is naturally prone to imbalance class problems. This means that recognition models tend to predict classes with the majority number of samples whilst ignoring classes with the least number of samples, resulting in poor generalization. To address this problem, we propose augmentation of the time series signals from inertial sensors with signals from ambient sensing to train Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNNs) models. DCNNs provide the characteristics that capture local dependency and scale invariance of these combined sensor signals. Consequently, we developed a DCNN model using only inertial sensor signals and then developed another model that combined signals from both inertial and ambient sensors aiming to investigate the class imbalance problem by improving the performance of the recognition model. Evaluation and analysis of the proposed system using data with imbalanced classes show that the system achieved better recognition accuracy when data from inertial sensors are combined with those from ambient sensors, such as environmental noise level and illumination, with an overall improvement of 5.3% accuracy.
Mobile Proximal Sensing with Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Digital Soil Mapping
Authors: Kodaira Masakazu , Shibusawa Sakae
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study was to estimate multiple soil property local regression models, confirm the accuracy of the predicted values using visible near-infrared subsurface diffuse reflectance spectra collected by a mobile proximal soil sensor, and show that digital soil maps predicted by multiple soil property local regression models are able to visualize empirical knowledge of the grower. The parent materials in the experimental fields were light clay, clay loam, and sandy clay loam. The study was conducted in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. To develop local regression models for the 30 chemical and 4 physical properties, a total of 231 samples were collected; to evaluate accuracy of prediction, 65 samples were collected. The local regression models were developed using 2nd derivative pretreatment by the Savitzky–Golay algorithm and partial least squares regression. The local regression models were evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), residual prediction deviation (RPD), range error ratio (RER), and the ratio of prediction error to interquartile range (RPIQ). The R2 accuracy of the 34 local regression models was 0.81 or higher. In the predicted values for 65 unknown samples, the local regression models could ‘distinguish between high and low’ for 3 of the 34 soil properties, but were ‘not useful’ as absolute quantitative values for the other 31 soil properties. However, it was confirmed that the predicted values followed the transition in measured values, and thus that the developed 34 regression models could be used for generating digital soil maps based on relative quantitative values. The grower changed the ridge direction in the field from east–west to north–south just looking at the digital soil maps.
Cooperative Entrepreneurship Model for Sustainable Development
Authors: Fernandez-Guadaño Josefina , Lopez-Millan Manuel , Sarria-Pedroza Jesús
Published: July 2020

The main objective of this research is to contribute to the economic literature on cooperative entrepreneurship as a model for sustainable development, taking into account the special alignment of the cooperative principles (ICA) with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It offers new empirical evidence from Spain, based on Stakeholder Theory, about the differences between cooperatives (Coops) and Capitalist Firms (CFs) in relation to the distribution of economic value between the different stakeholders. For this purpose, panel data was analysed using the Correlated Random Effects approach. The results reveal that cooperative firms generate value for some of the stakeholders analysed, specifically for their partners and creditors, but no significant differences have been found with CFs in terms of workers and the state. In both cases, it can be inferred that the period analysed has influenced the results, since it has been found that, first, cooperatives adjust wages downward rather than dismiss workers during a recession, which is in line with previous research, and second, that their tax contribution to the state is lower because they are subject to a more favourable tax system in Spain.
Measuring the Economic Impact of a Voluntary Sustainable Tourism Certification
Authors: Bilbao-Terol Amelia , Bilbao-Terol Celia
Published: July 2020

This article contributes to the debate about whether the investment in tourism sustainability is economically profitable for firms. Specifically, using cross-sectional analysis, we explore the existence of a causal link between the possession of a voluntary sustainable certification, Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), and the increase in the prices of hotel accommodation. For this, the hedonic price method is used. Prior to the hedonic estimation, the propensity score-matching methodology is applied in order to control for self-selection bias. The analysis is carried out for coastal hotels located in the southern area of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) which merits attention as a typical mature sun and beach tourist destination. The study does not reveal any significant effects of sustainable certification on the prices of accommodations, which would appear to explain the low participation of establishments in the program. We conclude by providing some useful insights on measures aimed at improving related policies.
The Role of Landscape Art in Cultural and National Identity: Chinese and European Comparisons
Authors: Wen Xiaojing , White Paul
Published: July 2020

The depiction of landscape in art has played a major role in the creation of cultural identities in both China and Europe. Landscape depiction has a history of over 1000 years in China, whilst in Europe its evolution has been more recent. Landscape art (shan shui) has remained a constant feature of Chinese culture and has changed little in style and purpose since the Song dynasty. In Europe, landscape depictions have been significant in the modern determination of cultural and national identities and have served to educate consumers about their country. Consideration is given here to Holland, England, Norway, Finland and China, demonstrating how landscape depictions served to support a certain definition of Chinese culture but have played little political role there, whilst in Europe landscape art has been produced in a variety of contexts, including providing support for nationalism and the determination of national identity.
Examining the Role of Local Products in Rural Development in the Light of Consumer Preferences—Results of a Consumer Survey from Hungary
Authors: Kiss Konrád , Ruszkai Csaba , Szűcs Antónia , Koncz Gábor
Published: July 2020

The scientific examination of short food supply chains is justified by consumer interest and their role in the European Unions’ subsidy policy and rural development. In our current article, we present the results of a consumer survey of more than a thousand people from Hungary. It was conducted in the North Hungarian (rural) region. Our research goals were: (1) To access consumer demand for short food supply chains and to determine the characteristics of consumers who prefer local foods; and (2) to examine the role of short food supply chains in rural development by a territorial comparison. The results showed that consumers’ willingness to pay a theoretical premium for local products was high (averagely +20.7%). Compared to that, we considered their monthly purchased quantity low. We found a statistically valid, yet weak, correlation that on a monthly basis, the purchase of local products was more significant for consumers from smaller settlements and villages than those from (greater) cities. Furthermore, there were factors in some consumers’ preferences that indicated a greater interest for small producers’ goods. Although it was not possible to assess the absolute demand of the studied rural area, these results (at a certain level) confirm the potential of short food chains in rural development.
Direct Separation of the Diastereomers of Cholesterol Ester Hydroperoxide Using LC-MS/MS to Evaluate Enzymatic Lipid Oxidation
Authors: Ito Junya , Shimizu Naoki , Kato Shunji , Ogura Yusuke , Nakagawa Kiyotaka
Published: July 2020

Cholesterol ester hydroperoxide (CEOOH) is one of the main lipid oxidation products contained in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Previous studies suggest that CEOOH in oxidized LDL is closely related to several diseases. Of the oxidation mechanisms of cholesterol ester (CE) in vivo, it has been suggested that enzymatic oxidation induced by lipoxygenase (LOX) plays an important role. Thus, we attempted to develop a method that can evaluate the enzymatic oxidation of CE via the diastereoselective separation of CEOOH bearing 13RS-9Z,11E-hydroperoxy-octadecadienoic acid (13(RS)-HPODE CE). Firstly, we synthesized the standard of 13(RS)-HPODE CE. Using this standard, the screening of analytical conditions (i.e., column, mobile phase, and column temperature) was conducted, and separation of the diastereomers of 13(RS)-HPODE CE was achieved. The diastereoselective separation of 13(RS)-HPODE CE was also confirmed by LC-MS/MS. The developed method (column, CHIRALPAK IB N-3; mobile phase, hexane:ethanol (100:1, v/v); column temperature, 0 °C) can distinguish between enzymatic oxidation and other oxidation mechanisms of CE. Thus, the method can be expected to provide a greater understanding of the biochemical oxidation mechanisms in vivo. Such information will be essential to further elucidate the involvement of CEOOH in various diseases.
A Decision-Making Algorithm Based on the Average Table and Antitheses Table for Interval-Valued Fuzzy Soft Set
Authors: Ma Xiuqin , Wang Yanan , Qin Hongwu , Wang Jin
Published: July 2020

Interval-valued fuzzy soft set is one efficient mathematical model employed to handle the uncertainty of data. At present, there exist two interval-valued fuzzy soft set-based decision-making algorithms. However, the two existing algorithms are not applicable in some cases. Therefore, for the purpose of working out this problem, we propose a new decision-making algorithm, based on the average table and the antitheses table, for this mathematical model. Here, the antitheses table has symmetry between the objects. At the same time, an example is designed to prove the availability of our algorithm. Later, we compare our proposed algorithm with the two existing decision-making algorithms in several cases. The comparison result shows that only our proposed algorithm can make an effective decision in exceptional cases, and the other two methods cannot make decisions. It is therefore obvious that our algorithm has a stronger decision-making ability, thus further demonstrating the feasibility of our algorithm. In addition, a real data set of the homestays in Siming District, Xiamen is provided to further corroborate the practicability of our algorithm in a realistic situation.
A Knot Theoretic Extension of the Bloch Sphere Representation for Qubits in Hilbert Space and Its Application to Contextuality and Many-Worlds Theories
Authors: Heusler Stefan , Schlummer Paul , Ubben Malte S.
Published: July 2020

We argue that the usual Bloch sphere is insufficient in various aspects for the representation of qubits in quantum information theory. For example, spin flip operations with the quaternions I J K = e 2 π i 2 = − 1 and J I K = + 1 cannot be distinguished on the Bloch sphere. We show that a simple knot theoretic extension of the Bloch sphere representation is sufficient to track all unitary operations for single qubits. Next, we extend the Bloch sphere representation to entangled states using knot theory. As applications, we first discuss contextuality in quantum physics—in particular the Kochen-Specker theorem. Finally, we discuss some arguments against many-worlds theories within our knot theoretic model of entanglement. The key ingredients of our approach are symmetries and geometric properties of the unitary group.
Mental Rotation Ability: Right or Left Hemisphere Competence? What We Can Learn from Callosotomized and Psychotic Patients
Authors: Pierpaoli Chiara , Ferrante Luigi , Foschi Nicoletta , Lattanzi Simona , Sansonetti Riccardo , Polonara Gabriele , Mari Massimo , Nardi Bernardo , Fabri Mara
Published: July 2020

Mental rotation is an abstract operation whereby a person imagines rotating an object or a body part to place it in a different position. The ability to perform mental rotation was attributed to right hemisphere for objects, to the left for one’s own body images. Mental rotation seems to be basic for imitation in anatomical mode. Previous studies showed that control subjects, callosotomized and psychotic patients chose the mirror-mode when imitating without instructions; when asked to use the same or opposite limb as the model, controls chose the anatomical mode, callosotomized patients mainly used mirror mode, psychotic patients were in between. The preference of callosotomized subjects is likely due to defective mental rotation, because of the lack of the corpus callosum (CC), thus suggesting an asymmetry in the hemispheric competence for mental rotation. Present research investigated the mental rotation ability in control subjects, callosotomized and psychotic patients. All subjects were shown pictures of a model, in first or third person perspective, with a cup in her right or left hand. They had to indicate which model’s hand held the cup, by answering with a verbal or motor modality in separate experimental sessions. In both sessions, control subjects produced 99% of correct responses, callosotomy patients 62%, and psychotic patients 91%. The difference was statistically significant, suggesting a role of the CC in the integration of the two hemispheres’ asymmetric functions in mental rotation.
A LoRa-Based Linear Sensor Network for Location Data in Underground Mining
Authors: Branch Philip , Li Binghao , Zhao Kai
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we describe a LoRa (from “Long Range”)-based, linear sensor network we have developed for transmitting location information of personnel and equipment in an underground mine. The system is intended to be used during emergencies when existing communications infrastructure has failed. Linear networks comprise a sequence of relays that forward data to a common destination, the headend. Relays forward location information transmitted from tags carried by personnel or equipment. Relays will usually be put in place as investigators or rescuers enter the mine. LoRa is used both by the tags to communicate to the relays and by the relays to forward messages to the headend. We have implemented and tested this system, and have carried out simulations and analyses to determine its scalability, reliability and fairness. The need for robustness and reliability has led us to use flooding rather than unicast communication. We also use message sequence numbers and time-to-live fields to prevent broadcast storms. Contention is managed using a simplified Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) scheme. We also address fairness. When the network is under load messages may be dropped by relays making messages generated more hops from the headend more likely to be dropped than messages nearer the headend. We explore the relationship between unfairness, traffic load and number of relays. We also observe that a network of larger numbers of lightly loaded relays performs more effectively than smaller numbers of heavily loaded relays.
Spread of Jacobaea vulgaris and Occurrence of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Regionally Produced Honeys from Northern Germany: Inter- and Intra-Site Variations and Risk Assessment for Special Consumer Groups
Authors: Gottschalk Christoph , Kaltner Florian , Zimmermann Matthias , Korten Rainer , Morris Oliver , Schwaiger Karin , Gareis Manfred
Published: July 2020

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) and PA N-oxides (PANO) are secondary plant metabolites exhibiting genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. Apart from the roots and leaves, PA/PANO are particularly present in pollen and nectar. Therefore, the spread of Jacobaea vulgaris in certain regions of northern Germany has an impact on the safety of honey produced in that region. In this study, raw honey samples (n = 437) were collected from usually three individual beehives per site (n = 73) in the district of Ostholstein and analyzed for 25 PA/PANO. The results reveal mean levels of 8.4, 1.5, and 72.6 µg/kg and maximum levels of 111, 59.4, and 3313 µg/kg, depending on the season (summer 2015 and spring/summer 2016, respectively). As far as individual data are concerned, sites near areas with J. vulgaris growth did not necessarily result in high PA/PANO values. Furthermore, intra-site investigations revealed remarkable differences in PA/PANO levels of raw honey collected by different bee colonies at the same site. Consumption of these regionally produced honeys entails an increased exposure to PA/PANO, especially in children and high consumers. Margin of exposure values of <10,000 and an exceedance of the health-based guidance value highlight that regionally produced and marketed honey must be considered with care for a proper risk assessment and risk management.
Heat Inactivation of Different Types of SARS-CoV-2 Samples: What Protocols for Biosafety, Molecular Detection and Serological Diagnostics?
Authors: Pastorino Boris , Touret Franck , Gilles Magali , de Lamballerie Xavier , Charrel Remi N.
Published: July 2020

Standard precautions to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission implies that infected cell cultures and clinical specimens may undergo some sort of inactivation to reduce or abolish infectivity. We evaluated three heat inactivation protocols (56 °C-30 min, 60 °C-60 min and 92 °C-15 min) on SARS-CoV-2 using (i) infected cell culture supernatant, (ii) virus-spiked human sera (iii) and nasopharyngeal samples according to the recommendations of the European norm NF EN 14476-A2. Regardless of the protocol and the type of samples, a 4 Log10 TCID50 reduction was observed. However, samples containing viral loads > 6 Log10 TCID50 were still infectious after 56 °C-30 min and 60 °C-60 min, although infectivity was < 10 TCID50. The protocols 56 °C-30 min and 60 °C-60 min had little influence on the RNA copies detection, whereas 92 °C-15 min drastically reduced the limit of detection, which suggests that this protocol should be avoided for inactivation ahead of molecular diagnostics. Lastly, 56 °C-30 min treatment of serum specimens had a negligible influence on the results of IgG detection using a commercial ELISA test, whereas a drastic decrease in neutralizing titers was observed.
Assessment of Wind and Vegetation Interactions in Constructed Wetlands
Authors: Moustafa Mohamed , Wang Naiming
Published: July 2020

Meteorological data from vegetated and un-vegetated wetlands during wet and dry seasons, were collected and analyzed to evaluate the role of wind and vegetation on wetlands’ hydrology. Wind speed diminished by as much as 40%, accompanied by a measurable change in wind directions in the vegetated compared to the open water site. Wind speed and direction means were significantly different (p < 0.001 and <0.01), for vegetated and non-vegetated wetland, respectively. Cattails (Typha sp.) and open water estimates of wind drag coefficients using the log wind profile, were 0.016 and 0.009 for dry season, and 0.012 and 0.005 for wet season, respectively. Wind set up near the wetland outlet was more pronounced at shallow water depth (<20 cm). Measured velocity profile during inflow discharge event with a wind speed of 0.53 ms−1, showed two-layer flows; wind-generated surface water flow opposite to a sub-surface inflow. This opposing surface flow increases hydraulic residence time and improve nutrient uptake. Conversely, wind-generated flows aligned with inflow discharges, accelerates water flow towards the outlet, reduce the duration of water-biotic interactions, and decrease nutrient uptake.
Rapid Urbanization and Infrastructure Pressure: Comparing the Sustainability Transition Potential of Water and Energy Regimes in Namibia
Authors: Savela Nina , Levänen Jarkko , Lindeman Sara , Kgabi Nnenesi , Koivisto Heikki , Olenius Meri , John Samuel , Mashauri Damas , Keinänen-Toivola Minna M.
Published: July 2020

This article presents a comparative study of the urban water and energy sectors in the coastal city of Walvis Bay in Namibia, where the rapid urbanization places pressure on public infrastructure development. A multidata approach is used to study the ability of the energy and water sectors to adapt to this pressure. Theoretically, the analysis is guided by the systems transition framework. A comparison between the two regimes is made on four dimensions: (1) regime dynamics, (2) level of complexity, (3) level of coordination, and (4) multiplicity of perceptions. The energy regime was found to be more capable of transitioning towards more sustainable practices due to better outcomes in multi-stakeholder engagement, a higher level of transparency, and differing landscape and niche development. The energy regime is also more open for new service providers. The water regime, on the other hand, suffers from overlapping roles and practices as well as non-existent monitoring authorities, which together negatively affect the regime’s transition potential. Both regimes suffer from lack of funding and weak institutional capacities. In conclusion, the transition potential of the studied regimes is found to increase when cross-sectoral governance is strengthened.
Hybrids in the Age of Post-Truth
Authors: Perianova Irina
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the hallmarks and markers of hybrid discourse in social sciences, media and communication, in education and in politics. Linguistic hybridity was studied in detail by Maria Georgieva in her papers and chapters on globetalk where she provides excellent examples of lexico-semantic and lexico-grammatical mixes. In the age of ‘post-truth’ hybrids are often associated with the instrumental use of disinformation or the ‘weaponisation’ of information. This paper highlights some groups of hybrids from a socio-pragmatic perspective.
Hate Speech or Divisive Language
Authors: Tarasheva Elena
Published: July 2020

The article analyses a specialized corpus of texts by a Bulgarian radio host to establish what language items qualify as hate speech. Definitions of hate speech are adapted from the political sphere and given a linguistic dimension within a framework of corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis. The concordances of key words in the corpus are searched for labelling, namecalling, denotation-shifting etc.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TEACHING METHOD OF “PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY” TO FOREIGN STUDENTS
Authors: Naumenko Nataliia , Myronchenko Svitlana , Shvarp Nataliia
Published: July 2020

One of the parts of “Pathological physiology” teaching taking into account the specifics of the training of foreign students, is development, creation and application of innovative teaching methods in the educational process with the maximum degree of schematization, systematization and visualization of educational material. This contributes not only to the transformation of educational information into students' knowledge and skills, but also to the intensification of the educational process, including cooperative learning methods, game methods with text; associative teaching methods.
Os Congressos de Leitura [COLEs] e a crise de leitura, então e agora
Authors: Zilberman Regina
Published: July 2020

Nos anos 1980, por ocasião dos primeiros Congressos de Leitura (COLEs) e da fundação da Associação de Leitura do Brasil, o debate relativo à(s) crise(s) de leitura apoiava-se em concepções de livro, literatura e leitor articuladas entre si e que privilegiavam obras impressas e canônicas. Aquelas concepções, no contexto das mudanças ocorridas nas últimas décadas, talvez não mais se sustentem, indicando que o conceito de leitura, ele mesmo, encontra-se em crise, o que implica a necessidade de propor políticas de formação do leitor que levem em conta a situação diferenciada experimentada no novo milênio.
Investigation of the prevalence of Head Lice and Factors Affecting Them in Infected People Referring to Gerash County Health Center
Authors: Rezaee Elham , Heidari Fatemeh , Nowrouzi Mohammad
Published: July 2020

Background and aims: Pediculosis is one of the most common parasitic diseases that affect a wide range of age groups. The prevention of head lice infections promotes the physical and mental health of people in the community. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of head lice infections and the factors affecting them in those who referred to health centers in Gerash County from 2011 to 2018. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients suspected with head lice infections in health centers in Gerash. These infections were diagnosed by observing adult lice, nymphs, or nits on the head with the help of a magnifying glass. The collected data were then analyzed using SPSS software, version 22 and P˂ 0.05 was considered as the significance level. Results: In general, 66410 patients suspected with head lice were examined, of whom 2,547 cases (3.83%) were reported with confirmed infections including 2395 female (94.03%) and 152 male (5.97%) cases. The highest levels of infections were reported in the age group of 6-10 years while the lowest levels of infections were found in children less than 6 years of age. A significant statistical relationship was observed between head lice and gender, age, season, and the place of residence, and year of infection (P<0.05). Conclusion: Due to the increasing trend of head lice infections in recent years, pediculosis is still considered a health problem. Therefore, training on personal hygiene, adequate access to health services, and early diagnosis and treatment can play an important role in the prevention and elimination of head lice.
Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies by Electrochemiluminescence Method in Young Women Referred to the Clinical Laboratory, Sanandaj, Iran
Authors: Khodabandehloo Mazaher , Sharifi Pezhman
Published: July 2020

Background and aims: Maternal primary and recurrent infection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) may be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy and may have complications such as death or growth, along with the development retardation of the fetus and infant. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against CMV in young women, Sanandaj, Iran. Methods: To this end, 90 women (15-40 years old) referring to a clinical laboratory were randomly selected and announced their informed consent to participate in this cross-sectional study. Demographic information and women’s data were collected, including pregnancy, history of abortion, and history of blood transfusion. Then, women’s sera were measured for CMV IgG and IgM antibodies using the electrochemiluminescence technique. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Results: The prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against CMV in women was 92.2% (95% CI = 86.5-97.8) and 0%, respectively. In addition, the average CMV IgG antibody level was about 137.52 ± 85.215 SD IU/mL. The results revealed a significant statistical association between IgG antibody and pregnancy (P value = 0.012) while there was no association between CMV IgG antibody and other demographic data. Conclusions: In general, high percentages of women had CMV IgG antibody whereas 7.8% of them were susceptible. They are expected to acquire CMV primary infection, and therefore, the screening of antibodies to CMV is suggested for prenatal care.
Synaptic Pruning in Alzheimer’s Disease: Role of the Complement System
Authors: Brucato Frederic H. , Benjamin Daniel E.
Published: July 2020

Alz heimer’s disease (AD) continues to threaten aged individuals and health care systems around the world. Human beings have been trying to postpone, reduce, or eliminate the primary risk factor for AD, aging, throughout history. Despite this, there is currently only symptomatic treatment for AD and this treatment is limited to only a handful of FDA approved AD drugs.
PERAN MEDIASI JOB RELATED TENSION PADA HUBUNGAN WORK FAMILY CONFLICT AND FAMILY WORK CONFLICT
Authors: Wahyuningsih Bernadetta Wiwik , Randa Fransiskus , Pasoloran Oktavianus
Published: July 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of mediation job related tension on work family conflict and family work conflict. Job performance can increase due to job related tension, family work conflict dan work family conflict. Population of this study is the treasure of expenditure in the region of Makassar. The sample of this study is the treasurer of expenditure who working on the technical implementation/unit of work on Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara Makassar I. Data were collected using survey on 160 responden. This study indicates that job related tension variables in mediating the relationship between work family conflict against job performance is type No Mediation, it can be concluded that work family conflict does not have an indirect effect on job performance or in other words job related tension variables fail to function as intervening variables that mediate the influence of work family conflict on job performance. Then the job related tension variables that mediate the relationship between family work conflict with job performance is a type of full mediation. So it can be concluded that job related tension variables have an indirect effect on job performance.
PERKEMBANGAN MODEL PENELITIAN KEPATUHAN PAJAK
Authors: Cahyonowati Nur , Darsono Darsono
Published: July 2020

This article provides a review of the theories that are widely used in the study oftax compliance behavior on individual taxpayers. Tax compliance research startsfrom a traditional model that assumes taxpayer as a rational individual whomaximizes utility under conditions of uncertainty. This traditional model ignoresthe psychological aspect of human behavior. Tax compliance studies also raisepsychological issues such as justice, tax norms. The development of the taxcompliance model further integrates economic and psychological factors in taxcompliance decision making.
Produksi Garam Rakyat Berbasis Tuf Geomembran Di Kecamatan Samatiga Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Mahendra Mahendra
Published: July 2020

Devotion is aimed to increase production salt in samatiga. Problems when it was a necessity of a salt with the quality of both in indonesia still rely on imported from foreign. It was because the qualities of a salt was still a lot of those managed in a traditional that is by using the light of the sun directly. To increase production salt needed latest technology able to return production land damaged quickly.Technology TUF geomembrane is technology is very effective used to a reservoir.Besides geomembran, the use of threaded filter used to fasten the process of crystallization will be quickly and the qualities of a salt whiter and not need to laundering salt.Produce a salt with that is only enough 7 to 10 the day the process drying be crystallization with good qualities.
SOSIALISASI GERAKAN ORGANISASI BENCANA BERBASIS SYARI’AT ISLAM KEPADA SANTRI DAYAH AHLUSSUNAH WAL-JAMA’AH ANUWARUL BABISSALAM ACEH BARAT
Authors: Akbar Taufiq , Nurdin Muhammad , Syafik Muhammad , Gazali Mohamad
Published: July 2020

Natural disaster realize us with the greatness of Allah SWT. However, human being always neglect and did wrongdoing that cause this earth to be labile. Therefore, the role of Dayah that yield santri with adequate knowledge in religion. Santri also prepared with disaster material. Thus, they are able to implemented the disaster mitigation and give preach for disaster casualties that experience trauma and depression. The aim of this activity is to give the socialization includng preach regarding disaster based Holy Qur’an and Hadist. The stage of held including (1) the socialization and preach related disaster, (2) to tell the  positive and negative impact from natural disaster, (3) to form Focus Group Discussion about  disaster organization movement based on islamic sharia for sustainablity and information media. In the socialization of disaster organization movement based on islamic sharia is begun to give preach regarding disaster. Subsequently, we conducted focus group discussion for forming the organization of disaster mujahidin. It is undertake as effort of PKM sustainablity.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PROBIOTIK PADA PETANI PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN DESA PEUNAGA PAYA KECAMATAN MEUREUBO KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Rahmayanti Fitria
Published: July 2020

The Increasing of community needson catfish consumption in West Aceh district is making it more diffucult for catfish farmers tomeet the need. Peunaga Paya Village as one of the catfish producing villages in Meureubo District constrained in meeting the market demand for this product. Not optimal production was one of the causes for that problem.This is due to their knowledge and ability about catfish farming techniques was lacking so their current culture management was still not good. In addition, fish farmers still use conventional technology so they have not understood the importance of adding nutrients in fishfeed to accelerate the harvest period with optimal results. So far, the obstacles they faced are using traditional technology due to lack of partners knowledge and ability, fish susceptible to disease, cultivated fish often experience decreased appetite, poor of water quality, and slow fish growth rate so the harvest time more longerand the cost production increases. In order to solve the problems, it is implemented the community service activities by giving counseling about the proper fish farming techniques and the practice of making probiotics as an additional nutrient to fishfeed withcheap and easy to find ingredients.