bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the proof strength of pipe steels tempered with the application of artificial intelligence methods
Authors:   South Ural State University (National Research University), Gafarov M. F. , Okishev K. Yu. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin
Published: April 2024

The paper demonstrates the results of modeling the proof strength in pipe steels improved by tempering heat treatment. The main types of models used in this study are described, and information about the pros and cons of different approaches to modeling the target variable is summarized. Empirical equations relating hardness to yield strength and tensile strength are given. The role of the parameter n in these equations is indicated. The reasons for choosing the applied set of independent variables in the models are explained. The distribution of the target variable in the data sample is shown, and information about the feature space used for each of the models is provided. A general description of the source data is given. The structure of the main data sample is studied by the DBSCAN clustering method and the t-SNE dimension reduction algorithm. The reason for splitting the sample into clusters is substantiated in the context of reducing the spread of the predicted value of proof strength. The effectiveness of splitting the sample is estimated by using the measure of the spread of n. Various regression models for predicting yield strength are compared. It is shown that the regression model based on gradient boosting over the decision trees (LightGBM) has the smallest prediction error among the models considered. The permutation significance of the features of the model with the smallest prediction error is determined, the calculated significance of the features being compared with that from the metallurgical theory. The validity of the obtained prediction models is evaluated in view of the significance of the features and the metric estimate used in this study. The hypothesis of using a proxy variable (n) obtained from theoretical calculations as a predictor in the yield strength prediction model is tested. It is demonstrated that the application of the grouping method together with the parameter n makes it possible to obtain satisfactory prediction results on a smaller feature space.
Determination of austenite grain size in ferritic-martensitic stainless steel by orientation microscopy methods
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Satskii D. D. , Soloveva S. V. ,   Ural Federal University, Ustinov A. E. ,   Ural Federal University, Yarkov V. Yu. ,   Ural Federal University, Lobanov M. L. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: April 2024

The development of chromium stainless steels is caused by the need for creating materials showing an optimal combination of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties when used in aggressive environments. Currently, for the production of industrial tubular articles functioning under load at high temperatures, it is promising to use stainless steels of the ferritic-martensitic and martensitic classes, strengthened by additional alloying. The achievement of a given set of properties in steels and alloys is determined by the homogeneity of the chemical and phase compositions, microstructure and crystallographic texture. The formation of these parameters for heat-treated materials is mainly determined by the characteristics of the grains of austenite formed during heat treatment before quenching. The size and shape of austenite grains determine the morphology and dispersion of the products of γ→α′(α) phase transformation. Orientation microscopy methods based on backscattered electron diffraction are used to study the restorability of high-temperature austenite grains for samples of a low-carbon high-alloy stainless steel of the ferritic-martensitic class, with ~12 wt% Cr, additionally alloyed with Ni, Mo, W, Nb, and V. After heat treatment, the samples have a ferrite-martensite and ferrite-bainite structure. When restoring austenite grains, we used the orientation relationships (ORs) of Kurdyumov–Sachs (K–S), Nishiyama–Wasserman (N–W), Greninger–Troyan (G–T), and new ORs proposed by V. S. Kraposhin (ORK). The fundamental possibility of restoring pre-existing austenite grains is shown. The restoration is based on the crystallographic features of both ferrite-martensite and ferrite-bainite structures. The most valid results in austenite grain recovery were obtained when OR K–S and ORK were used.
Serhadd-i İslâmiyyede Bir Kalenin İhyası: Bağdat Kalesi’nin Tamiri (H. 1134-1135/ M. 1722-1723)
Authors: Gürdal Ekrem
Published: April 2024

III. Ahmed zamanında sınır boylarında bulunan kale yapıları muhtelif sebeplerle elden geçirilip tamir edilmişti. Tamir edilen kalelerden biri İran hududunda bulunan Bağdat kalesidir. Bağdat Kalesi Osmanlı Devleti için siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve askerî açıdan büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Safevi Devleti ile ve Osmanlı Devleti’nin askerî çekişme sahasının merkezinde bulunan kale, Mezopotamya’da hakimiyeti korumak, sınır güvenliğini sağlamak, doğuya yapılacak seferlerde askeri lojistik üssü olarak kullanılmak üzere, Osmanlı Devleti tarafından pek çok kez tamir edilmiştir. Bu tamirlerin boyutları kalenin harap olan bölümlerinin büyüklüğü ile doğru orantılıdır. Kalede yeni ihtiyaçların hasıl olması durumunda mimari bazı eklemeler de yapılabiliyordu. Bu çalışma Sultan III. Ahmed zamanında zamanla harap olmuş Bağdat Kalesi’nin 1722’de başlayan onarımını konu edinmektedir. Çalışma, arşiv vesikalarıyla, dönemin kaynaklarını inceleyerek, keşif sürecinden başlamak üzere, kalenin tamir edilen ve yeni eklenen bölümlerini, inşaat için sarf edilen malzeme ve işçilik ücretlerini tespit etmeyi, ayrıca bu tamirat için Osmanlı ekonomik kaynaklarından ne kadar sarf edildiğini saptamayı amaçlamaktadır.
OSMANLI BANKASINDA BİR YOLSUZLUK VAKASI: MIGIRDIÇ SİMONOVİÇ DAVASI
Authors: Bayraktar Kaya
Published: April 2024

Osmanlı topraklarında 1863 yılı ortalarında faaliyete geçen Osmanlı Bankası’nda Mıgırdıç Simonoviç adlı bir vezne çalışanının karıştığı ve kurumu maddi zarar ve itibar kaybına maruz bırakan yolsuzluk, elinizdeki çalışmanın konusudur. Osmanlı Bankası’nın kuruluşunun ilk on yılı içinde bir çalışanının suç ortaklarıyla beraber karıştığı zimmete para geçirme olayı Osmanlı mahkemelerinde görülmüş, ulusal ve yabancı basında dikkatle takip edilmiştir. Bu zimmet olayını daha ilginç kılan Kasım 1873’de bizzat banka yönetimi tarafından ifşa edilen olayın üzerinden iki yıl geçtikten sonra mahkemede görülmeye başlaması ve tam da Osmanlı Devleti’nin dış borç faizlerinin yarısını ödeyeceğini ilan etmesinden bir gün önce (5 Ekim) mahkemenin duruşmaları sonlandırmış olmasıdır. Şimdiye kadar bu olayı işleyen hiçbir çalışmanın olmaması, elinizdeki makalenin özgün boyutunu oluşturmaktadır. Nihayet amacımız, Osmanlı topraklarında “devlet bankası” olarak tesis edilmiş bir bankanın alt düzey memurlarından birinin başrolü oynadığı el değmemiş bir finansal yolsuzluk olayını, eldeki mevcut birincil el bilgiler ışığında ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma, T. C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri ile beraber, dönemin yerli ve yabancı gazeteleri, taranmak suretiyle titiz ve ayrıntılı bir araştırma sonucunda tamamlanmıştır.
Factores institucionales-pedagógicos, sociodemográficos y contextuales relacionados con el rendimiento académico universitario: un análisis multinivel
Authors: Gutiérrez-Monsalve Jaime A. , López-Velásquez John F. , Castillo Grisales Julián Andrés , Segura-Cardona Angela M.
Published: April 2024

Introducción: El rendimiento académico se considera como el grado de conocimiento que un estudiante puede demostrar en un área temática determinada comparado con el esperado en sus pares. Puede ser utilizado por las instituciones de educación superior como un indicador para gestionar políticas de calidad académica. Objetivo: Determinar los factores institucionales-pedagógicos, sociodemográficos y contextuales predictores del rendimiento académico en una universidad colombiana. Metodología: Se utilizó un análisis multinivel con estudiantes anidados en 14 programas académicos de pregrado para explicar el Rendimiento Académico semestral –RA– de la cohorte de inicio 2014-1 configurando 3437 individuos. Resultados: A nivel individual, ser hombre y contar con subsidio o beca aumenta de manera significativa el RA en esta universidad. Contrariamente a mayor edad y a más número de asignaturas matriculadas se disminuye el RA. Desde el punto de vista contextual, a nivel de programa percepciones positivas respecto a la pedagogía, la gestión académica, la identidad institucional, la didáctica y la gestión de los profesores promovieron significativamente el aumento del RA en los estudiantes. Conclusiones: El RA universitario debe ser explicado tanto a partir de variables individuales como contextuales. La inclusión de las variables contextuales relacionadas con la pedagogía, la gestión académica, la identidad institucional y la calificación de los profesores en los 14 programas de pregrado lograron aumentar de manera significativa la varianza explicada del RA comparado con el uso único de variables del nivel individual. Este estudio es innovador ya que la mayoría de los reportes relacionados con el RA universitario solo considera variables del nivel individual, dejando de lado el contexto en el que se desenvuelve el estudiante universitario.
Prevalence of dichotic deficits in adjudicated adolescents: Implications for language skills and competency within the juvenile justice system
Authors: Moncrieff Deborah , Mendez Katherine
Published: April 2024

This study reports the prevalence of dichotic listening weaknesses in 10-18-year-old adjudicated adolescents and its potential impact on their language skills. The findings reveal that 35% of adjudicated adolescents exhibited matched dichotic deficit patterns sufficient to diagnose an APD, a prevalence rate that is higher than the 19% rate among age-matched typically developing children but lower than the 45% rate among age-matched children evaluated clinically for an auditory processing disorder (APD). These rates for all groups are significantly higher than the 2-7% prevalence rate commonly reported for APD in the pediatric population. The study also identified a link between low scores on dichotic listening tests and language deficits, suggesting potentially negative consequences for successful navigation through the juvenile justice system for these adolescents. These results challenge the sustained underestimation of auditory processing risks in children and advocate for early identification and treatment of common processing deficits, emphasizing the need for consensus among researchers and clinicians in identifying and treating them. The implications of untreated auditory processing deficit on educational achievement, language skills, and behavior in adjudicated adolescents are discussed, emphasizing how they contribute to the schools-to-prison pipeline in the United States (U.S.). The study concludes by suggesting that early intervention through an evidence-based short-term auditory training protocol can improve dichotic listening and may alleviate some long-term educational underachievement and dysregulated behaviors associated with juvenile incarceration. The findings underscore the need for increased awareness, screening, and intervention for dichotic listening deficits in general and particularly in the at-risk, underserved pediatric populations world-wide.
Efficacy and Safety of Extended Antithrombotic Therapy in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Barrios Gustavo , España Jesus , Benavides Luisa , Méndez Edward , Peña Angel
Published: April 2024

Extended dual antithrombotic therapy, which entails the concurrent administration of acetylsalicylic acid and a P2Y12 inhibitor or anticoagulant beyond the initial 12 months of presenting with acute coronary syndrome, has been the subject of considerable research in recent years. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dual antithrombotic therapy in stable coronary artery disease. We conducted a registered (PROSPERO CRD42023394771) assessing the safety and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy published over the past 20 years up to May 2021 in four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, BVSalud /LILACS, Cochrane Reviews). Using the RoB2 tool, we evaluated the risk of bias. We performed a literature search using keywords and identified 95 eligible articles, of which 23 were excluded as duplicates. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we found 29 articles for a detailed review and assessment of bias by applying the ROB2 toll, and we found that five articles had a low risk of bias. Our analysis found that extended dual antithrombotic therapy reduces ischemic cardiovascular outcomes, but it comes at the cost of an increased risk of bleeding when compared with acetylsalicylic acid monotherapy.
Intensive care challenges for the next pandemic
Authors: Vera Magdalena , Alegría Leyla , Avendaño Stefany , Amthauer Macarena , Castro Ricardo , Bugedo Guillermo
Published: April 2024

Experience during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for crisis preparedness, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). Addressing key challenges is vital for improving readiness and response, as well as ensuring better protection for vulnerable populations. Our review focuses on the recent literature examining the challenges in acute care settings during the pandemic. We aimed to identify lessons that could improve our ability to handle similar situations. Studies have highlighted the critical role of intensive care, responsiveness, and preparedness. The key challenges identified include a shortage of trained personnel to meet high demand without compromising care quality or overburdening healthcare workers. Resource scarcity during the pandemic emphasizes the importance of reasonable resource allocation to ensure sufficient care provision. Additionally, addressing post-ICU syndrome and early rehabilitation is crucial, as ICU treatment can lead to long-term physical, psychological, and cognitive issues that can affect patients' quality of life. Finally, fostering a culture of data sharing and research collaboration is essential for knowledge exchange and improving crisis management across healthcare centers.
Negative impact of prolonged fasting on gallbladder ejection fraction measurement with cholescintigraphy in Chronic Acalculous Symptomatic hyPERkinetic (CASPER) gallbladders
Authors: Samuel Isaac
Published: April 2024

Background: Chronic Acalculous Symptomatic hyPERkinetic (CASPER) gallbladder is a novel clinical condition. Criteria for diagnosis include biliary symptoms in the absence of gallstones but with a high gallbladder ejection fraction on cholescintigraphy (HIDA scan). Most studies use an ejection fraction above 80% as a cut-off for a gallbladder hyperkinesia diagnosis, but variations in cholescintigraphy methodology can affect the reading. Here, we report a previously undescribed effect where longer fasting times diminish the ejection fraction in gallbladder hyperkinesia patients, that could be explained by presumable gallbladder overdistention that impedes contraction. Methods: We report a retrospective series of 7 patients whose clinical presentation was suspicious for symptomatic gallbladder hyperkinesia, based on 12 most common symptoms and signs of gallbladder hyperkinesia that we previously identified, but whose gallbladder ejection fraction was less than 80%. We recognized that these 7 patients had all been fasted overnight prior to cholescintigraphy. We therefore repeated cholescintigraphy with only 4 to 6 hours of fasting. Results: The repeat cholescintigraphy showed a 94% increase in mean ejection fraction from 46.5% to 90.3% when fasting time was shorter, compared to initial cholescintigraphy done with overnight fasting (Paired t-test, p = 0.0017). Six of the 7 patients opted for cholecystectomy and showed substantial symptom improvement and abnormal pathologic findings. One patient with manageable symptoms opted for medical management with dietary control. Conclusions: Gallbladder ejection fractions from cholescintigraphy done after overnight fasting are diminished and thus misrepresent gallbladder contractility in gallbladder hyperkinesia patients. Cholescintigraphy using shorter fasting times provides more consistent data on gallbladder contractility in these cases. National guidelines for cholescintigraphy need redefinition, especially in the context of gallbladder hyperkinesia.
Pharmacologic Therapies in Beta Hemoglobinopathies: Fetal Globin Gene Induction in the First Molecular Diseases
Authors: Kuo Kevin , Faller Aidan , Lavelle Donald , Saunthararajah Yogen , Perrine Susan
Published: April 2024

Beta hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias are caused by diverse molecular mutations of the βA globin chains and modulated by polymorphisms. These are important disorders in medical history, as they became prevalent globally in regions where P. falciparum malaria was endemic. Heterozygous or carrier states conferred a survival advantage; however, doubly heterozygous or homozygous states cause severe hemolytic anemia and multi-organ complications. These disorders are somewhat unique in that all humans have alternate genes for fetal globin chains, which are expressed in fetal life but are silenced on a developmental clock in infancy. An established approach to ameliorating conditions of abnormal adult globin genes is to reactivate, or increase expression, of the endogenous fetal globin genes to replace the missing protein chains in beta thalassemias or inhibit polymerization of hemoglobin S and reduce the red cell abnormalities. This review provides a high-level overview of cell and molecular mechanisms that mediate fetal to adult globin gene switching and pharmacologic therapies that can reactivate fetal globin through different actions. Intermittent or metronomic dosing regimens have overcome challenges of undesirable off-target effects by agents that cause erythroid cell growth arrest. Multiple pharmacologic candidates reactivate or increase the expression of fetal globin protein and proportions of red blood cells containing HbF (F-cells). Hydroxyurea maintains high levels of HbF if begun in infancy, with some decline in mid-childhood. It elicits lower responses in HbF in adult patients, but still has broad clinical benefit in reducing many complications. However, many adult patients do not tolerate optimal hydroxyurea dosing due to cytopenias. Parenterally administered therapies with differing molecular actions, such as demethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors, have shown proof-of-principle in reactivating HbF. Orally bioavailable candidates with complementary molecular mechanisms are in trials. Combining fetal globin-inducing agents with other therapies with complementary mechanisms, such as recombinant erythropoietin that promotes the survival of red blood cells and therapeutics that promote erythroid cell metabolism, should have additive effects. These pharmaceutical candidates offer great clinical potential and global feasibility for ameliorating these serious diseases.
Optimization of information transmission through a noisy biochemical pathway explains the choice of reaction rates
Authors: Ghosh Bhaswar
Published: April 2024

Living organisms are required to sense the environment accurately in order to ensure appropriate responses. The accuracy of estimating the environmental input is severely limited by noise stemming from inherent stochasticity of the chemical reactions involved in signaling pathways. Cells employ multiple strategies to improve the accuracy by tuning the reaction rates, for instance amplifying the response, reducing the noise etc.. However, the pathway also consumes energy through incorporating ATP in phosphorylating key signaling proteins involved in the reaction pathways. In many instances, improvements in accuracy elicit extra energetic cost. For example, higher deactivation rate suppresses the basal pathway activity effectively amplifying the dynamic range of the response which leads to improvement in accuracy. Higher deactivation rate also enhances the energy dissipation rate. Here, we employed a theoretical approach based on thermodynamics of information to explore the role of accuracy and energetic cost in the performance of a Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase signaling system. Our study shows that the accuracy-energy trade-off can explain the optimality of the reaction rates of the reaction pathways rather than accuracy alone. Our analysis elucidates the role of interplay between accuracy and energetic cost in evolutionary shaping of the parameter space of signaling pathways.
Role of Marital Dissolution in Mental Depression of Younger Adults: Evidence from the United States
Authors: Mohanty Madhu
Published: April 2024

Objective: The study uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 to test the hypothesis that mental depression of younger adults during a given time is significantly related to whether they are the victims of marital dissolution. Although the literature examining the relationship between mental health and marital dissolution is quite vast, there are only a few studies that examine this relationship among younger adults. By following an appropriate two- stage procedure, this study for the first-time tests the hypothesis that both depression and divorce may influence each other simultaneously. Method: Using two samples from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 of the United States, the study first estimates depression equation by ordered probit. Recognizing the importance of both social causation and social selection theories, the study further estimates both depression and marital dissolution equations simultaneously. Results: Both approaches just mentioned indicate a strong correlation between these two variables. Further estimation of the depression equation by an instrumental variable approach indicates that this relationship may result from a causal connection. Conclusion: The study concludes that depression and divorce among younger adults are highly correlated and affect each other simultaneously during the same time. Evidence of the presence of a strong correlation and the possibility of a causal connection between divorce and depression clearly have important policy implications. Any policy to improve one is likely to have a favorable effect on the other and thus it deserves further attention of researchers and policy makers.
The effects of endurance physical exercise with fat-free milk intake as a therapy for metabolic syndrome and/or sarcopenia
Authors: Yamada Tetsuo , Okada Masaki , Matsuzaki Masami , Tanaka Akira
Published: April 2024

Background: Nutrition and exercise are important factors for addressing metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia as they are related to insulin secretion. Proteins, particularly branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), have insulinotropic effects, while exercise reduces insulin secretion. It is thus important to investigate the effects of protein intake and exercise alone and in combination to determine suitable dietary and exercise therapies for treating metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia. Methods: Eight healthy young adult female volunteers participated in a crossover trial consisting of two 5-day experiments. Days 1 and 2 comprised a body-weight-maintained adjustment period during which the participants consumed control diets (energy, 2,010 kcal; protein, 51.9 g). Days 3 to 5 comprised the treatment period during which the participants consumed experimental diets (energy, 2,010 kcal; protein 82.3 g) containing 402 kcal of fat-free milk, and either performed only normal daily activities (non-Ex) or performed normal daily activities and exercised on a bicycle with an ergometer at a target intensity of about 50% of the maximal oxygen intake, expending 402 kcal of additional energy (Ex). Total urine samples were collected during the daytime (6:45 to 18:45) and nighttime (18:45 to 6:45 the next morning). Fasting blood samples were collected early in the morning before and after the treatment period. Results: Plasma valine, leucine, and BCAA levels were significantly elevated after both the non-Ex and Ex periods. Serum insulin levels were significantly elevated only after the non-Ex period. Urinary C-peptide immunoreactivity excretion levels increased significantly during the non-Ex period, but they decreased significantly during the Ex period. After the Ex period, the serum triglyceride and remnant lipoprotein-cholesterol (RLP-C) levels were significantly decreased. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and atherosclerosis index (AI) values were slightly, yet significantly, increased after the non-Ex period, but were unchanged after the Ex period. The degree of change (Δ) in the RLP-C level significantly and positively correlated with the Δ HOMA-IR and Δ AI.
Out of Hospital Treatment for Seizure Emergencies
Authors: Seinfeld Syndi
Published: April 2024

This article reviews the out of hospital treatment options for seizure emergencies. This article includes recently approved out of hospital options, therapies currently being studied and evidence to support use of current routes administration. Prehospital treatment of seizure emergencies helps to prevent consequences of these seizures. This article also addresses the current gaps in treatment and the areas where further research is needed. Early and adequate treatment of acute seizure clusters is necessary to prevent consequences. Since most seizure clusters occur outside of the hospital, creating a seizure action plan is important. Educating patient and families regarding treatment options is necessary for all patients with epilepsy.
Hormone Metabolites and Herbal Bioactive Agents: Potential Drug Candidates for the Luminal A Breast Cancer subtype
Authors: TELANG Nitin
Published: April 2024

Background: Hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor negative Luminal A breast cancer subtype responds to targeted endocrine therapy, signal transduction inhibitors and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors. Estrogen and progesterone receptor mediated signal transduction involves receptor-DNA binding and transcriptional activation of downstream target genes. In addition to hormone receptor signaling, cellular metabolism of estradiol and progesterone exhibit distinct roles in cancer growth modulation. Targeted therapy is associated with systemic toxicity, therapy resistance and emergence of chemo-resistant cancer initiating stem cells. These limitations emphasize identification of testable drug candidates for therapy resistant breast cancer. Cellular metabolism of ovarian steroid hormones generates oxidative metabolites with distinct growth modulating effects. Anti-proliferative metabolites may represent potential drug candidates. Objectives: The objectives of the present review are to provide i) Systematic discussion of published evidence relevant to the role of ovarian steroid hormone metabolism in growth modulatory effects on cancer progression, ii) Evidence for applicability of Luminal A breast cancer and drug-resistant cancer stem cell models to identify mechanistic leads for efficacy of anti-proliferative hormone metabolites, and iii) Future research directions for clinical translatability of patient derived preclinical data. Conclusions: Collectively, present evidence validates experimental approaches to identify hormone metabolites as potential drug candidates for therapy-resistant breast cancer. .
Behavioral Economics and Health: The Users Journey Method to Design Better Public Health Policies
Authors: Lopez Boo Florencia , Ajzenman Nicolás , Daga Giuliana
Published: April 2024

This brief outlines the challenges of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and the pivotal role of individual decision-making in healthcare. It highlights behavioral biases influencing decisions and proposes a user's journey methodology rooted in behavioral economics to identify biases at key decision points, including the decision to be screened, appointment setting, attendance, and habit formation. By showcasing examples and research conducted by the IDB and other institutions, this note demonstrates how behavioral interventions can sometimes overcome these biases and bolster health programs by, for example, increasing risk saliency, reducing hassles, and addressing cognitive limitations. In conclusion, the brief underscores the potential of behavioral economics to shape scalable and cost-effective health policies, ultimately improving health outcomes regionally and globally.
Formação de Professores Como Promotora no Desenvolvimento das Competências Digitais
Authors: Souza Debora Gonçalves de , Pedro Neuza , Santos Cassio Cabral
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo pesquisar o progresso do nível de competência digital dos professores participantes num curso de formação centrado na integração educativa de tecnologias. Para o efeito, recorreu-se ao desenho, à implementação de um curso de formação e à mensuração do nível de competência digital dos professores participantes tendo como base o Quadro Europeu de Referência para a Competência Digital (DigCompEdu) e o questionário respetivo, o DigCompEdu CheckIn 2019. A pesquisa assumiu uma natureza quantitativa e o processo de coleta de dados realizou-se em dois momentos (pré e pós-formação) junto a um grupo de cinco professores da educação básica de uma escola privada do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa reside na importância de incorporar, nos cursos de formação de professores, a abordagem sobre o uso das tecnologias digitais na prática pedagógica. Esse enfoque visa atender às dimensões da prática profissional e do engajamento profissional, conforme preconizado pela Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) para a Formação Inicial de Professores da Educação Básica (BNC-Formação). Destaca-se ainda a relevância desse direcionamento em consonância com referenciais de destaque na área visando aprimorar a competência digital dos professores. Essa inclusão não apenas atende às diretrizes da BNC-Formação, mas também busca promover uma maior integração dos docentes com as ferramentas digitais, alinhando-se aos padrões e referências relevantes na educação contemporânea.
 
Palavras-chave: Competência digita. DigCompEdu. Formação de professores. BNC-formação.
O Papel da Gamificação no Ensino de Planejamento Estratégico para Empreendedores
Authors: Santos Siméia Azevedo , Vieira Almir
Published: April 2024

A gamificação tem assumido destaque no cenário das tendências tecnológicas possibilitadas pela internet no campo do ensino realizado com utilização de plataformas. No Brasil, estudos recentes que versam sobre a criação e produção de games mostram um crescimento do setor de jogos para a área de treinamentos corporativos e capacitação profissional, além de expressivo aumento no número de jogadores digitais. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é compreender como a gamificação influencia o processo de aprendizagem de planejamento estratégico para empreendedores. Para tanto, em termos teórico-conceituais, buscou-se relacionar temas como aprendizagem, empreendedorismo e gamificação, procurando integrar suas dimensões conceituais. Em termos metodológicos, assumiu-se abordagem qualitativa, com dados obtidos por entrevistas junto a empreendedores jogadores, bem como criadores e apoiadores do ecossistema de aprendizagem para pequenos empreendedores. Os resultados destacam a percepção de contribuição da aprendizagem gamificada pelos participantes, inclusive a partir dos erros durante os jogos.  
 
Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem on-line. Empreendedores. Gamificação.
A In(ex)troversão dos Alunos de Nível Superior nas Aulas Online
Authors: Peinado Jurandir , Vianna Fernando Ressetti Pinheiro Marques , Toczek Juliana , Meneghetti Francis Kanashiro
Published: April 2024

A Pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe muitos novos desafios no contexto da educação superior, como a substituição das aulas presenciais por aulas online. Dessa forma, o presente estudo buscou identificar e analisar as características do nível de participação dos alunos nas aulas online síncronas no modelo de ensino remoto emergencial (ERE). Para tanto, foi analisado o resultado de uma Survey com questões em escala Likert, envolvendo 1492 alunos de uma Universidade Pública localizada no Sul do Brasil. Dentre os procedimentos metodológicos adotados, utilizou-se análise fatorial para identificar as dimensões relativas à participação dos alunos nas aulas online e análise de cluster. A análise fatorial identificou um primeiro fator formado por quatro variáveis relacionadas ao grau de disposição do aluno se expor pelo uso da webcam aberta durante as aulas online, e um segundo fator composto por três variáveis que buscaram medir a participação e interação durante as aulas online. A partir daí, por meio de testes estatísticos, procurou-se identificar diferenças entre os respondentes, com base no gênero, idade e área do curso. Verificou-se que os alunos agem de formas diferentes, sugerindo uma heterogeneidade com base nas características de comportamento dos alunos frente ao modelo de ensino online. Nesse sentido, descobriu-se que, de maneira geral, há uma diferença entre um grupo majoritário de alunos que são mais introvertidos, que prefere não abrir a webcam e mantêm baixa interação durante as aulas online e outro, minoritário, que é caracterizado como extrovertido, por agir de forma contrária   
 
Palavras-chave: Aulas online. COVID-19. Comportamento de alunos. Webcam.
Educação Física Escolar e Tecnologias Digitais: Experimentado essa relação
Authors: Neuenfeldt Derli Juliano , Baumgarten Macgregor , Neuenfeldt Adriano Edo
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a experiência de planejamento e docência de uma aula de Educação Física, mediada por tecnologias digitais, para uma turma do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental. A aula faz parte de uma pesquisa-ação, realizada numa escola da rede municipal do RS/BRA. Houve a escuta dos participantes, tomada de decisões coletivamente com vistas a buscarmos alternativas para o problema da pesquisa que emerge das falas dos alunos que não percebem potencialidades do uso de tecnologias digitais nas aulas de Educação Física. É uma aula construída com os alunos e a professora.  A experimentação norteou-se pela abordagem crítico-emancipatória de Elenor Kunz, que defende que a Educação Física deve ser um lugar para os alunos criarem, interagirem e construírem suas próprias experiências de movimento, ou seja, propiciar o “se-movimentar”. As tecnologias digitais possibilitaram o acesso a conhecimentos sobre práticas corporais (futsal, handebol, vôlei, atletismo e dança), mas também instigaram os alunos a um processo reflexivo e criativo. Constatou-se que é possível estabelecer relações entre o ensino da Educação Física e o uso de tecnologias digitais, mantendo a essência da Educação Física, que é o “se-movimentar”. Conclui-se que as tecnologias digitais potencializam a coletividade, a cooperação e a experimentação/criação corporal, ampliando o conhecimento dos alunos sobre as práticas da cultura corporal de movimento. Portanto, o seu uso, na articulação com a abordagem crítico-emancipatória, transcende ao ensino centrado na reprodução do conhecimento, possibilitando a construção de novos saberes, a problematização e a resolução de problemas coletivamente.
 
Palavras-chave: Educação física escolar. Tecnologias digitais. Ensino.
Afetividade na Educação a Distância: um Estudo de Caso
Authors: Aguiar Camila de , Grossi Márcia Gorett Ribeiro
Published: April 2024

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar as relações de afetividade entre os atores da EaD (alunos, professores, tutores) dos alunos de licenciatura de uma rede privada de ensino. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo descritiva. Em relação ao procedimento técnico, adotou-se o estudo de caso. Durante a realização da pesquisa foi elaborado um Quadro, onde são apontados nove critérios que podem favorecer a afetividade na EaD. Esse Quadro teve como objetivo verificar o nível e a incidência da afetividade presentes nas relações entre professor–aluno, tutor–aluno e, aluno–aluno em qualquer curso ofertado a distância. No caso do curso de licenciatura da instituição que participou da pesquisa, foi observado que  apenas três critérios estavam presentes. Isso aponta que esse curso ainda tem muito o que avançar para promover a afetividade entre seus atores.  
 
Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. Afetividade. Licenciatura.
Qualidade de Vida de Estudantes Universitários em Aulas Remotas e Presenciais Durante e Após a Pandemia Da COVID-19 (2020-2023)
Authors: Pereira Gabrielly de Queiroz , Guimarães Adriana Aparecida , Faria Filho José Alves de , Tullio Maria Tereza
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as mudanças na qualidade de vida (QV) dos estudantes universitários devido à transição para aulas remotas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e o retorno às aulas presenciais, no período de 2020 a 2023. Este estudo realizou uma abordagem de pesquisa comparativa, descritiva e longitudinal. Para tal, aplicou-se o questionário Whoqol-Bref, desenvolvido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), eletronicamente por meio da plataforma MOODLE. A coleta de dados ocorreu ao longo dos anos de 2020 a 2023, abrangendo aulas remotas e presenciais, com um total de 199 participantes (n=199). As respostas foram tratadas de forma anônima, e a análise estatística dos dados foi conduzida com o auxílio do Microsoft Excel, com base na planilha de Pedroso et al., (2010), que permite o cálculo de escores e estatísticas descritivas. Constatou-se que os estudantes em aulas remotas se sentiram mais confortáveis com o ambiente, enquanto os alunos em aulas presenciais valorizaram mais as interações sociais após o isolamento da pandemia. Ambos os cenários tiveram desafios no bem-estar psicológico devido a fatores emocionais. Conclui-se que há necessidade de abordagens holísticas para melhorar o bem-estar dos estudantes, incluindo apoio à saúde mental e promoção de hábitos saudáveis.
 
Palavras-chave: Aula remota. COVID-19. Pandemia. Qualidade de vida. Universitários.
Autoavaliação em MOOC sobre Gestão Lean na Construção Civil
Authors: Fornari Aline , Carvalho Patrícia Bellotti , Freitas Maria do Carmo Duarte , Adrião Milton , Pacheco Ana Paula Gessi
Published: April 2024

A crescente procura por cursos online para formação continuada abre oportunidades para que instituições de ensino superior ofereçam uma variedade de cursos para diferentes públicos. Um dos formatos alternativos é Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), que se caracteriza, entre outros elementos, por enfatizar a autonomia e a autogestão dos estudantes. Isso implica em relativizar as estratégias tradicionais de controle de atividades e avaliação de desempenho e adotar práticas que sejam aderentes e fomentem a autonomia e a autogestão dos estudantes. Para avaliar as práticas de autogestão dos estudantes de cursos MOOC foi realizada uma pesquisa com estudantes do curso Gestão Lean na Construção Civil, ofertado em formato MOOC pela Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) em parceria com a Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) desde 2020. Os dados foram obtidos por meio autoavaliações aplicadas aos alunos no início e ao final do curso. Os resultados revelaram que, apesar das dificuldades inerentes ao conteúdo específico e da modalidade, os alunos estão cientes de que um MOOC exige autodisciplina, responsabilidade e motivação, uma vez que preconiza a autonomia discente frente à sua aprendizagem. A partir dos dados obtidos nesta avaliação, verifica-se que os alunos que estudaram todo o conteúdo e completaram todas as atividades foram bem-sucedidos em obter a certificação ao final do curso. Frente às análises realizadas, destaca-se a importância da autoavaliação como uma ferramenta para avaliação de desempenho do curso. Ela é uma forma sistemática e transparente de avaliar o desempenho do cursista, permitindo que os objetivos de aprendizagem do curso sejam comunicados de maneira clara e objetiva, melhorando a qualidade dos feedbacks fornecidos e padronização da avaliação.
Критерии элитной жилой среды на примере жилого комплекса «Tumar Exclusive»
Authors: Ким Д.Ф. , Мамедов С.Э.
Published: April 2024

В статье ведется анализ архитектурно- планировочных решений элитного жилого комплекса «Tumar Exclusive» с целью выявления критериев жилых структур данного класса.
Вариантное проектирование железобетонного перекрытия общественного здания
Authors: Назарова Е.Ю.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье рассмотрены важные этапы вариантного проектирования железобетонного перекрытия общественного здания. Такое проектирование представляет собой многогранный процесс, который включает в себя анализ технико-экономических показателей и обоснование возможных проектных решений. Такая комплексная оценка и выбор оптимальных решений способствуют созданию сложных и уникальных зданий, которые будут служить долгое время.
Железобетонные перекрытия: сравнение эффективных форм
Authors: Назарова Е.Ю.
Published: April 2024

Данная статья посвящена обзору различных форм железобетонных перекрытий и их эффективное использование в строительстве зданий и сооружений. Статья обращает внимание на то, что каждая из форм железобетонных перекрытий имеет свои достоинства и ограничения, поэтому правильный выбор формы поможет оптимизировать устойчивое строительство.
Надежная эксплуатация объекта ОКН
Authors: Соколов Н.С.
Published: April 2024

Задача обеспечения надежной эксплуатации объектов существующей застройки является актуальной проблемой в современном геотехническом строительстве. Как правило, фундаменты любого здания и сооружения вследствие их эксплуатации в сложных условиях подвержены воздействию подземных вод, промораживанию и оттаиванию и другим негативным воздействиям. С целью снижения отрицательных воздействий на них, как правило, рабочим проектом предусматриваются горизонтальная и вертикальная гидроизоляции. По истечении времени эти элементы часто выходят из строя, частично или полностью прекращая первоначально заданные параметры по исключению замачивания фундаментов. Особенно это актуально для объектов культурного наследия (ОКН), потому как требования по безаварийной эксплуатации повышенные. Статья является обзорной и в ней рассматривается один из случаев технического обследования фундаментов здания Чувашского драматического театра.
Развитие цифровых технологий в области растениеводства
Authors: Моисеев С.А. , Рябкин Е.А. , Неяскин Н.Н.
Published: April 2024

В статье приведѐн анализ современного уровня развития и внедрения цифровых технологий в области растениеводства. Определена необходимость обеспечения определѐнного уровня безопасности и отказоустойчивости цифровых сервисов сельскохозяйственного направления, исходя из важности возлагаемых на них задач и характера современных угроз, которым подвергаются аналогичные высокотехнологичные проекты. И сделан вывод об необходимости введения критериев качества безопасности и надѐжности в области цифровых технологий сельскохозяйственного назначения.
Разработка рабочего органа мелиоративного каналоочистителя для восстановления осушительных каналов с закрепленным дном
Authors: Абдулмажидов Х.А.
Published: April 2024

Открытые мелиоративные системы включают в себя каналы трапецеидального профиля с незакрепленным и закрепленным и дном. Наибольшее количество каналов мелиоративных осушительных систем не имеют крепления дна и откосов, это связано с их протяженностями. Около 25-30% каналов имеют крепление в виде деревянных и дощатых конструкций, возможны каменные и фашинные крепления каналов. Основное назначение крепежных элементов заключается в обеспечении устойчивости откосов каналов.
Альтернативное армирование буроинъекционных свай ЭРТ
Authors: Федоров П.Ю.
Published: April 2024

На сегодняшний день намечается существенный рост применения фибродобавок (фибры) как в промышленном, так и бытовом строительстве во всем мире. Применение фибры для армирования бетонных конструкций успешно конкурирует с другими способами укрепления бетона, в том числе металлическими сетками и стержнями. Бетонные конструкции, армированные фиброй, имеют повышенный класс огнеупорности и категорию трещиностойкости, что позволяет использовать данный вид армирования во многих областях строительства, включая фундаментостроение, в частности – при устройстве буровых свайных фундаментов. Главная особенность применения буровых свай заключается в отсутствии ударных и вибро-нагрузок в процессе их устройства, что очень важно при условиях плотной городской застройки. Поэтому, изучение работы конструкций буровых свай и усовершенствование данной технологии является актуальной задачей при проектировании подземных сооружений, так как применением фиброарматуры можно увеличить несущую способность буронабивной сваи, а также сократить сроки его возведения.
Влияние влажности пластика на изделия изготовленные с помощью аддитивных технологий методом послойного наплавления
Authors: Лайша А.К. , Бушманов Д.В. , Пьянзин А.М.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье рассматривается влияние влажности пластика на качество изделий, изготовленных по технологии 3D-печати, и изучаются методы их сушки. Исследование подчеркивает, что влажность является критическим фактором, существенно влияющим на механические свойства, точность и внешний вид печатных изделий. В работе описываются типичные дефекты, возникающие при использовании влажного пластика, включая плохую адгезию слоев, пористость, воздушные пузыри, неровности и деформации. Особое внимание уделяется гигроскопичным материалам, таким как нейлон, PVA, TPU/TPE, ABS и PLA, которые наиболее подвержены впитыванию влаги.
Исследование влияния скорости печати на качество и точность изделий, изготовленных по технологии FDM 3D-печати
Authors: Лайша А.К. , Бушманов Д.В. , Пьянзин А.М.
Published: April 2024

В данной статье рассматривается влияние скорости печати на качество и точность изделий, производимых с использованием технологии FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling). Анализируются ключевые параметры, включая плотность заполнения, количество периметров, слои крышки и основания, ширину линии экструзии, высоту слоя, линейную скорость экструдера и ускорения. Освещаются проблемы и ограничения, возникающие при печати, и представляются решения для увеличения скорости печати без значительной потери качества. Статья направлена на поиск оптимального баланса между скоростью и качеством для улучшения эффективности и экономичности процесса 3D печати.
Развитие цифровых коммуникационных технологий в современном мире
Authors: Зибров П.Ю.
Published: April 2024

В статье исследуется эволюция цифровых коммуникационных технологий, рассматриваются их современные виды. В статье анализируются вопросы влияния коммуникационных технологий на общество в разных сферах и влияние цифровой трансформации на развитие социума.
Особенности ретуширования в графическом редакторе Adobe Photoshop
Authors: Манцаев А.М. , Халиев М.С-У.
Published: April 2024

Целью нашего исследования является познание программы Adobe Photoshop в области художественного ретуширования. В настоящее время вопрос обработки фотографий является очень востребованным. В настоящем исследовании нами рассмотрены такие варианты ретуши, как техническая и художественная; изучены базовые методы ретуширования. Таким образом, нами актуализирована проблема осуществления ретуширования в графическом редакторе Adobe Photoshop.
Психологическая устойчивость личности как элемент информационной безопасности
Authors: Отинова В.Э. , Прокопенко М.В.
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматривается влияние информационных угроз на психологическое состояние личности. Также изучаются методы повышения психологической защищенности личности от факторов, подрывающих эмоциональную стабильность человека.
Искусственный интеллект в науке и образовании: развитие и перспективы
Authors: Путенихина Е.В. , Шакирова И.Ч.
Published: April 2024

Раскрыта суть искусственного интеллекта. Также проведен анализ современных перспектив и развитие искусственного интеллекта. В ходе изучения предоставлены примеры успешных применений ИИ в сферах науки и образовании. Данные примеры позволяют лучше понять потенциал ИИ и его влияние на современную науку и образование.