bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and anorexia nervosa in a tertiary care pediatric eating disorder program: A comparative study
Authors: Lieberman Melissa , Houser Melissa E. , Voyer Anne‐Pier , Grady Shelley , Katzman Debra K.
Published: February 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the medical and psychological characteristics of children under the age of 13 years with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and anorexia nervosa (AN) from a Canadian tertiary care pediatric eating disorders program.

Method

Participants included 106 children assessed between 2013 and 2017 using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‐5). Data were collected through clinical interviews, psychometric questionnaires, and chart review. Information collected included medical variables (e.g., weight, heart rate, need for inpatient admission, and duration of illness from symptom onset); medical comorbidities (e.g., history of food allergies, infection, and abdominal pain preceding the eating disorder); and psychological variables (e.g., psychiatric comorbidity, self‐reported depression and anxiety, and eating disorder related behaviors and cognitions).

Results

Children with ARFID had a longer length of illness, while those with AN had lower heart rates and were more likely to be admitted as inpatients. Children with ARFID had a history of abdominal pain and infections preceding their diagnoses and were more likely to be diagnosed with a comorbid anxiety disorder. Children with AN had a higher drive for thinness, lower self‐esteem, and scored higher on depression.

Discussion

This is the first study to look at DSM‐5 diagnosis at assessment and include psychometric and interview data with younger children with AN and ARFID. Understanding the medical and psychological profiles of children with AN and ARFID can result in a more timely and accurate diagnosis of eating disorders in younger children.
Density‐dependent feedbacks, hysteresis, and demography of overgrazing sea urchins
Authors: Ling S. D. , Kriegisch N. , Woolley B. , Reeves S. E.
Published: February 2019

Sea urchin grazing can result in regime shift from productive kelp beds to sea urchin barren grounds that represent an alternative and stable reef state. Here we examine the stability of urchin barrens by defining the demographics of the Australian urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma during regime shift to, and maintenance of, barrens. Inverse‐logistic modeling of calibrated in situ annual growth increments for five urchin populations, two from kelp beds and three from barrens, demonstrate slowing of urchin growth as availability and consumption of standing and/or drift kelp declines. Population age structures were predicted from observed sizes over four years (2012–2015, n = 5,864 individuals), which indicated stable age distributions for populations both maintaining barrens and actively grazing among kelp beds. Younger age distributions occurred on barrens whereas more mature populations existed within kelp beds, indicating that high recruitment facilitates maintenance of barrens while overgrazing appeared more reliant on adult urchins grazing from the edges of kelp beds, as opposed to juvenile recruitment among kelp. Leslie‐matrix projections indicated potential for unchecked population growth for all study populations, but which varied depending on whether local or regional recruitment rates were modeled. Ultimately, strong density dependence was observed to check population growth; with high‐recruitment/high‐density populations offset by reduced growth rates and decreased longevity. Increasing disease rates among older urchins in high‐density populations were consistent with observed density‐dependent mortality, while tethering of healthy urchins revealed highest predation on small urchins within kelp beds, suggesting some remnant resilience of declining kelp habitat. Results demonstrate that the greatest opportunity for urchin population control is when reefs exist in the kelp bed state, at which point urchin populations are prone to negative feedback. Conversely, control of urchins on barrens is demonstrably difficult given positive density‐dependent feedbacks that act to stabilize population size and which evidently underpin the hysteresis effect governing the persistence of this alternative stable state.
Reconfigurable optical‐radio wireless networks: Meeting the most stringent requirements of future communication systems
Authors: Saud Muhammad Saad , Ahmed Iqrar , Kumpuniemi Timo , Katz Marcos
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable optical‐radio wireless network characterized by high flexibility and performance. The hybrid network can be dynamically configured, adapting itself to the changing requirements of users or operating environments, dynamics of the transmission medium, and availability of resources. First, the basic concept, system architecture, and key operating modes are introduced. Possible operating scenarios and their relationship to the operating modes are discussed. Then, a practical implementation of the hybrid network is introduced, describing the network components, architecture, modulation scheme, and implementation technologies. Implementation was carried out using mostly off‐the‐shelf components and universal software radio peripheral blocks. Particular attention has been put in implementing a fast handover mechanism between modes, an essential requirement for seamless network reconfiguration. Network performance is evaluated and different switching approaches are compared. The paper demonstrates practically the proposed concept based on dynamic system reconfiguration. For the implementation, a mode switching algorithm was developed making decisions based on the quality of the wireless channels. The system was tested with live video packets transmitted through the network. System performance was assessed through data throughput and packet loss measured for different modulation parameters. The proposed concept, essentially a software‐defined hybrid network, is flexible and makes efficient use of radio resources. Moreover, the network has the potential to achieve high performance. All these characteristics make reconfigurable optical‐radio networks an attractive candidate for fifth generation and beyond.
Aurora kinase A induces chemotherapy resistance through revival of dormant cells in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Li‐yun , Shan Ya‐min , Zhang Yi , Zhou En‐hui , Chen Xiao‐ping , Zhang Hao
Published: February 2019

Background

Chemotherapy resistance was an important tumor metastasis mechanism.

Methods

Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay and plate colony formation assay were applied to examine the proliferation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting were carried out to show the expression of related proteins. Wound healing, migration, and invasion assays were used to examine the mobility, migration, and invasion of LSCC.

Results

Downregulated Aurora kinase A (AURKA) increased chemotherapy sensitivity and reduced the ability of mobility, migration, and invasion of Hep2 cells, while upregulated AURKA possessed opposite results. Hep2/5‐Fu cells possessed dormancy‐like properties and upregulated AURKA in Hep2/5‐Fu cells (Hep2/5‐Fu/AURKA cells) revived dormant state. Furthermore, Erk1/2 was restrained in Hep2/5‐Fu cells and activated in Hep2/5‐Fu/AURKA cells. Moreover, Erk1/2 accelerated the ability of mobility, migration, and invasion in Hep2/5‐Fu/AURKA cells.

Conclusion

AURKA activated dormant state to induce chemotherapy resistance and promoted metastasis of LSCC through Erk1/2 pathway.
Predicting Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy for the Population With Cirrhosis
Authors: Tapper Elliot B.
Published: February 2019

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is associated with poor quality of life, sharply increased mortality, repeated hospitalizations, falls, and motor vehicle accidents. HE manifests with a dynamic spectrum of severity. Overt HE is clinically obvious disorientation, even coma. Although multiple strategies are available to characterize early‐stage HE, data are limited that validate these methods in predicting overt HE, many are impractical in clinical practice, and test cutoffs relevant to the average patient clinicians manage are lacking. To accurately and efficiently classify the risk of overt HE in the population with cirrhosis, novel strategies may be needed. Herein, we review the potential competing strategies for the prediction of overt HE. Conclusion: We propose refining diagnostic cutoffs for tests that are designed to define early HE, using overt HE as a gold standard and expanding prediction tools by using measures of components from the risk pathway for HE.
Liver Expression of a MiniATP7B Gene Results in Long‐Term Restoration of Copper Homeostasis in a Wilson Disease Model in Mice
Authors: Murillo Oihana , Moreno Daniel , Gazquez Cristina , Barberia Miren , Cenzano Itziar , Navarro Iñigo , Uriarte Iker , Sebastian Victor , Arruebo Manuel , Ferrer Veronica , Bénichou Bernard , Combal Jean Philippe , Prieto Jesus , Hernandez‐Alcoceba Ruben , Gonzalez Aseguinolaza Gloria
Published: February 2019

Gene therapy with an adeno‐associated vector (AAV) serotype 8 encoding the human ATPase copper‐transporting beta polypeptide (ATP7B) complementary DNA (cDNA; AAV8‐ATP7B) is able to provide long‐term copper metabolism correction in 6‐week‐old male Wilson disease (WD) mice. However, the size of the genome (5.2 kilobases [kb]) surpasses the optimal packaging capacity of the vector, which resulted in low‐yield production; in addition, further analyses in WD female mice and in animals with a more advanced disease revealed reduced therapeutic efficacy, as compared to younger males. To improve efficacy of the treatment, an optimized shorter AAV vector was generated, in which four out of six metal‐binding domains (MBDs) were deleted from the ATP7B coding sequence, giving rise to the miniATP7B protein (Δ57‐486‐ATP7B). In contrast to AAV8‐ATP7B, AAV8‐miniATP7B could be produced at high titers and was able to restore copper homeostasis in 6‐ and 12‐week‐old male and female WD mice. In addition, a recently developed synthetic AAV vector, AAVAnc80, carrying the miniATP7B gene was similarly effective at preventing liver damage, restoring copper homeostasis, and improving survival 1 year after treatment. Transduction of approximately 20% of hepatocytes was sufficient to normalize copper homeostasis, suggesting that corrected hepatocytes are acting as a sink to eliminate excess of copper. Importantly, administration of AAVAnc80‐miniATP7B was safe in healthy mice and did not result in copper deficiency. Conclusion: In summary, gene therapy using an optimized therapeutic cassette in different AAV systems provides long‐term correction of copper metabolism regardless of sex or stage of disease in a clinically relevant WD mouse model. These results pave the way for the implementation of gene therapy in WD patients.
Retracted: Effects of a levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus a copper intrauterine device on menstrual changes and uterine artery Doppler
Authors: Rezk Mohamed , Elshamy Elsayed , Shaheen Abd‐Elhamid , Shawky Mohamed , Marawan Hala
Published: February 2019

Objective

To compare the effects of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) and a copper intrauterine device (Cu‐IUD) on menstrual changes and uterine artery Doppler indices.

Methods

A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt, between December 2016 and August 2017. 306 multiparous women desiring intrauterine contraception were randomly assigned to LNG‐IUS (n=152) or Cu‐IUD (n=154). Uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) and resistant index (RI) were measured before use, and 3 and 6 months after insertion, and associations with abnormal bleeding were evaluated.

Results

Irregular bleeding was initially reported by 31 (74%) of 42 women in the LNG‐IUS group, and heavy menstrual bleeding by 53 (67%) of 79 women in the Cu‐IUD group. Incidence of abnormal bleeding decreased over the 6‐month study period. Uterine artery PI was significantly correlated with abnormal bleeding at a cutoff of 1.35 with area under the curve (AUC) 0.93, sensitivity 88%, and specificity 100%, whereas uterine artery RI was significantly correlated with abnormal bleeding at a cutoff of 0.62 with AUC 0.1, sensitivity 96%, and specificity 100%.

Conclusion

LNG‐IUS‐related abnormal bleeding was associated with changes in uterine artery blood flow that were not evident among Cu‐IUD users.

Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR201701001900640.
Father absence, sociosexual orientation, and same‐sex sexuality in women and men
Authors: Kanazawa Satoshi
Published: February 2019

A recent evolutionary theory of female sexual fluidity suggests that women may not have sexual orientations in the same sense that men do, and that women's apparent sexual orientation may instead be a byproduct of their sociosexual orientation. One developmental factor that has consistently been shown to influence sociosexual orientation is father absence in childhood. Consistent with the prediction of the theory, the analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data show that father absence significantly increases women's, but not men's, same‐sex sexuality in adulthood, whether it is measured by self identity, sexual behaviour, or romantic attraction. Further consistent with the theory, the association between father absence and same‐sex sexuality in women is entirely mediated by their sociosexual orientation.
Sterilization effects on the handling and degradation properties of calcium phosphate cements containing poly (D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) porogens and carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Kucko Nathan W. , Li Wenliang , García Martinez Marcela A. , Rehman Ihtesham ur , Ulset Ann‐Sissel Teialeret , Christensen Bjørn E. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. , Herber Ralf‐Peter
Published: February 2019

Injectable, self‐setting calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are synthetic bone substitutes considered favorable for the repair and regeneration of bone due to their osteocompatibility and unique handling properties. However, their clinical applicability can be compromised due to insufficient cohesion upon injection into the body coupled with poor degradation rates that restricts new bone formation. Consequently, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was incorporated into CPC formulations to improve their cohesion and injectability while poly (D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) porogens were added to introduce macroporosity and improve their biodegradation rate. Like most biomaterials, CPCs are gamma irradiated before clinical use to ensure sufficient sterilization. However, it is well known that gamma irradiation also reduces the molecular weight of CMC and PLGA via chain scission, which affects their material properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the effect that gamma irradiation has on the molecular weight of CMC at varying doses of 15, 40, or 80 kGy and investigate how this affects the handling (i.e., injectability, cohesion, washout, and setting times) and in vitro degradation behavior of CPC formulations. Results reveal that the molecular weight of CMC decreases with increasing gamma irradiation dose, thereby reducing the viscosifying capabilities of CMC, which causes CPCs to deteriorate more readily. Further, the addition of CMC seems to inhibit the degree of phase transformation during cement setting while the subsequent reduction in molecular weight of PLGA after gamma irradiation improves the in vitro degradation rate of CPCs due to the faster degradation rate of low molecular weight PLGA. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2216–2228, 2019.
Cases and evidence for panel testing in cancer genetics: Is site‐specific testing dead?
Authors: Thomas Martha H. , Higgs Lydia K. , Modesitt Susan C. , Schroen Anneke T. , Ring Kari L. , Dillon Patrick M.
Published: February 2019

Historically in cancer genetic counseling, when a pathogenic variant is found which explains the cancers in the family, at risk family members are offered site‐specific testing to identify whether or not they have the previously identified pathogenic variant. Factors such as turnaround times, cost, and insurance coverage all made site‐specific testing the most appropriate testing option; however, as turnaround times and costs have substantially dropped and the recognition of double heterozygous families and families with nontraditional presentations has increased, the utility of site‐specific testing should be questioned. We present four cases where ordering site‐specific testing would have missed a clinically relevant pathogenic variant which raises the question of whether or not site‐specific testing should be regularly used in cancer genetic testing.
Developing a genomics rotation: Practical training around variant interpretation for genetic counseling students
Authors: Grove Megan E. , White Shana , Fisk Dianna G. , Rego Shannon , Dagan‐Rosenfeld Orit , Kohler Jennefer N. , Reuter Chloe M. , Bonner Devon ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Wheeler Matthew T. , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Ormond Kelly E. , Hanson‐Kahn Andrea K.
Published: February 2019

With the wide adoption of next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based genetic tests, genetic counselors require increased familiarity with NGS technology, variant interpretation concepts, and variant assessment tools. The use of exome and genome sequencing in clinical care has expanded the reach and diversity of genetic testing. Regardless of the setting where genetic counselors are performing variant interpretation or reporting, most of them have learned these skills from colleagues, while on the job. Though traditional, lecture‐based learning around these topics is important, there has been growing need for the inclusion of case‐based, experiential training of genomics and variant interpretation for genetic counseling students, with the goal of creating a strong foundation in variant interpretation for new genetic counselors, regardless of what area of practice they enter. To address this need, we established a genomics and variant interpretation rotation for Stanford's genetic counseling training program. In response to changes in the genomics landscape, this has now evolved into three unique rotation experiences, each focused on variant interpretation in the context of various genomic settings, including clinical laboratory, research laboratory, and healthy genomic analysis studies. Here, we describe the goals and learning objectives that we have developed for these variant interpretation rotations, and illustrate how these concepts are applied in practice.
Long non‐coding RNA HCG11 suppresses the growth of glioma by cooperating with the miR‐4425/MTA3 axis
Authors: Zhang Lina , Cao Yanfei , Kou Xiaonan , Che Lu , Zhou Xiaona , Chen Gang , Zhao Jiang
Published: February 2019

Background

Glioma is a type of malignant tumor that occurs in the central nervous system of adults. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that potentially participate in the initiation and progression of glioma have been widely reported. As a now‐found lncRNA, HLA complex group 11 (HCG11) has not yet been studied in glioma. The present study aimed to determine the role of HCG11 in the tumorigenesis of glioma.

Methods

A quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to examine the expression pattern of HCG11 in 84 glioma tissues and cell lines. The overall survival rate of glioma patients with a high or low level of HCG11 or metastasis‐associated 1 family member 3 (MTA3) was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. The effect of HCG11 on glioma cell growth was determined by in vitro and in vivo experiments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that potentially interact with HCG11 were searched and determined by bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay. Similarly, the target of miRNA‐4425 was identified. Finally, rescue assays were conducted to determine the bio‐function of the competing endogenous RNA pathway.

Results

HCG11 was downregulated in 84 pairs of glioma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, a low level of HCG11 indicted the lower overall survival rate of glioma patients. Regarding the mechanism, HCG11 was abundant in the cytoplasm of glioma cells and interacted with miR‐4425 to release the expression of MTA3. miR‐4425 and MTA3 participated in HCG11‐mediated glioma growth.

Conclusions

LncRNA HCG11 suppresses the growth of glioma by cooperating with the miR‐4425/MTA3 axis.
Gill remodelling during terrestrial acclimation in the amphibious fish Polypterus senegalus
Authors: Turko Andy J. , Maini Priyam , Wright Patricia A. , Standen Emily M.
Published: February 2019

Fishes are effectively weightless in water due to the buoyant support of the environment, but amphibious fishes must cope with increased effective weight when on land. Delicate structures such as gills are especially vulnerable to collapse and loss of surface area out of water. We tested the ‘structural support’ hypothesis that amphibious Polypterus senegalus solve this problem using phenotypically plastic changes that provide mechanical support and increase stiffness at the level of the gill lamellae, the filaments, and the whole arches. After 7 d in terrestrial conditions, enlargement of an inter‐lamellar cell mass filled the water channels between gill lamellae, possibly to provide structural support and/or reduce evaporative water loss. Similar gill remodelling has been described in several other actinopterygian fishes, suggesting this may be an ancestral trait. There was no change in the mechanical properties or collagen composition of filaments or arches after 7 days out of water, but 8 months of terrestrial acclimation caused a reduction in gill arch length and mineralized bone volume. Thus, rather than increasing the size and stiffness of the gill skeleton, P. senegalus may instead reduce investment in supportive gill tissue while on land. These results are strikingly similar to the evolutionary trend of gill loss that occurred during the tetrapod invasion of land, raising the possibility that genetic assimilation of gill plasticity was an underlying mechanism.
Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI for discrimination of synovial proliferation in the hand arthritis: A prospective proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Fujimori Motoshi , Murakami Koichi , Sugimori Hiroyuki , Lu Yutong , Sutherland Kenneth , Oki Nozomi , Aoki Takatoshi , Kamishima Tamotsu
Published: February 2019

Background

Postcontrast‐enhanced MRI is currently the reference standard for synovial proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the technique is somewhat invasive due to the use of gadolinium contrast agents, which may cause severe adverse/side effects. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) simultaneously permits quantification of perfusion as well as diffusion using a single imaging scan.

Purpose/Hypothesis

To test the capability of IVIM MRI for noninvasive discrimination of synovial proliferation in hand arthritis.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Seven suspected RA patients (three women and four men; mean age, 61 years; range, 26–74 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

3 T/short tau inversion recovery (STIR), IVIM, postcontrast‐enhanced MRI.

Assessment

Region of interest (ROI) was identified based on STIR. Contrast‐enhanced MRI was evaluated using a 5‐point grading scale of 0 (water) to 4 (synovial proliferation) according to the degree of contrast enhancement within the ROI. For each ROI, we calculated the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM parameters (molecular diffusion coefficient [D], perfusion fraction [f], and perfusion‐related diffusion coefficient [D*]). These parameters were subsequently compared with ROI contrast enhancement grades.

Statistical Tests

Spearman's rank correlation test and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

A total of 90 ROIs of suspected synovial proliferation and/or joint effusion were identified. ROI grades were correlated with ADC and D values (r
S = –0.385, P < 0.001, r
S = –0.458, P < 0.0001, respectively), but not with the f and D* values (r
S = –0.010, P = 0.936, r
S = –0.084, P = 0.505, respectively). The area under the curves (AUCs) of D values (0.708–0.888, P = 0.002–0.0002) were slightly larger than those of ADC values (0.692–0.791, P = 0.013–0.001) when comparing low‐ vs. high‐contrast enhancement grades.

Data Conclusion

The IVIM parameter D and ADC may be useful for the noninvasive identification of synovial proliferation in hand arthritis.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy Stage: 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1199–1206.
A contemporary review of machine learning in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery
Authors: Crowson Matthew G. , Ranisau Jonathan , Eskander Antoine , Babier Aaron , Xu Bin , Kahmke Russel R. , Chen Joseph M. , Chan Timothy C. Y.
Published: February 2019

One of the key challenges with big data is leveraging the complex network of information to yield useful clinical insights. The confluence of massive amounts of health data and a desire to make inferences and insights on these data has produced a substantial amount of interest in machine‐learning analytic methods. There has been a drastic increase in the otolaryngology literature volume describing novel applications of machine learning within the past 5 years. In this timely contemporary review, we provide an overview of popular machine‐learning techniques, and review recent machine‐learning applications in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery including neurotology, head and neck oncology, laryngology, and rhinology. Investigators have realized significant success in validated models with model sensitivities and specificities approaching 100%. Challenges remain in the implementation of machine‐learning algorithms. This may be in part the unfamiliarity of these techniques to clinician leaders on the front lines of patient care. Spreading awareness and confidence in machine learning will follow with further validation and proof‐of‐value analyses that demonstrate model performance superiority over established methods. We are poised to see a greater influx of machine‐learning applications to clinical problems in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery, and it is prudent for providers to understand the potential benefits and limitations of these technologies. Laryngoscope, 130:45–51, 2020
Leucine, Palmitate, or Leucine/Palmitate Cotreatment Enhances Myotube Lipid Content and Oxidative Preference
Authors: Johnson Michele A. , Gannon Nicholas P. , Schnuck Jamie K. , Lyon Emily S. , Sunderland Kyle L. , Vaughan Roger A.
Published: February 2019

Branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA) such as leucine stimulate favorable metabolic processes involved in lean tissue preservation and skeletal muscle metabolism. However, higher levels of circulating BCAA correlate with severity of metabolic disease (including diabetes/insulin resistance), and may result from dysregulated BCAA catabolism. Past observations have demonstrated potential interaction between BCAA and dietary fat; however, much of this relationship remains underexplored. This study investigated the effect of leucine both with and without palmitate on oxidative and glycolytic metabolism, as well as indicators of BCAA catabolism using cultured skeletal muscle cells. Specifically, C2C12 myotubes were treated with or without varying concentrations of leucine both with and without palmitate for 24 h. Leucine treatment significantly elevated mRNA expression of metabolic regulators including peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator 1‐alpha versus leucine with concurrent palmitate treatment. Interestingly, leucine‐only, palmitate‐only, and leucine with palmitate all significantly increased cellular lipid content, which translated into significantly increased oxidative capacity under substrate‐limited conditions. However, upon the addition of excess substrate and carnitine, discrepancies in peak metabolic capacities between various treatments were no longer observed, suggesting leucine, palmitate, or the combination thereof causes a shift in metabolic preference from glycolytic to oxidative. These data also suggest leucine's effect on mitochondrial metabolism may result in part from increased lipid stores in addition to other previously documented pathways.
The Cholewinski‐Fock space in the slice hyperholomorphic setting
Authors: Diki Kamal
Published: February 2019

Inspired from the Cholewinski approach, we investigate a family of Fock spaces in the quaternionic slice hyperholomorphic setting as well as some associated quaternionic linear operators. In a particular case, we reobtain the slice hyperholomorphic Fock space on quaternions.
Eine Theorie der Reaktivität
Authors: Weininger Stephen
Published: February 2019

Chemiker, die sich mit Reaktionsmechanismen beschäftigten, hatten es in Deutschland bis in die 1960er Jahre hinein schwer. Einer der ersten, der die physikalische mit der organischen Chemie zusammenbrachte, war Walter Hückel.
Meet the Board of ChemistryOpen: Antony J. Fairbanks
Authors: Fairbanks Antony J.
Published: February 2019

Antony J. Fairbanks
is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand. The research of his group focuses on the broad areas of organic synthesis, particularly applied to carbohydrates. He currently serves as an active Editorial Board member for ChemistryOpen.
Distraction to illumination: Mining biomedical publications for serendipity in research
Authors: Allen Carla M. , Erdelez Sanda
Published: February 2019

As our technological capabilities for filling information needs improve, developers seek to more effective ways to support different aspects of the users' experience. One aspect that is gaining attention as an emerging support area is serendipity. However, supporting serendipity within a recommender system is difficult because the experience is unexpected and, therefore unpredictable. While researchers agree that algorithms to support serendipity need to be able to provide a balance of surprise and value to the end user (Niu & Abbas, 2017), an understanding of how to provide that balance has not yet been realized. Information that could be puzzling or distracting to someone as they go about their research activities may provide the trigger someone else needs to make a serendipitous connection in their research. Reports of serendipitous occurrences in research settings have been identified in research commentaries (Campanario, 1996) and within full‐text research articles (Allen, Erdelez, & Marinov, 2013). This paper investigates the feasibility of automating the identification of information encounters in full‐text research articles. This study contributes to the development of algorithms for supporting serendipity in information systems. We identified four variables that are useful for predicting information encounters in 25‐35% of the instances. While we should continue to search for additional predictive variables, these findings present a novel approach to undertaking the support of serendipity in information systems.
Reputation, trust, and norms as mechanisms leading to academic reciprocity in data sharing: An empirical test of theory of collective action
Authors: Kim Youngseek
Published: February 2019

This research investigated how scientists' academic reputation, community trust, and norms regarding data sharing all influence their academic reciprocity in data sharing, which eventually leads to the scientists' data sharing intentions. This research employed Ostrom's (2003) theory of collective action to better understand scientists' data sharing behaviors from the perspective of cooperation in a community. This research empirically evaluated the research model and related hypotheses by using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method on a total of 456 survey responses from biologists in the U.S. The results suggest that biologists' perceived academic reputation significantly increases their perceived community trust, norm of data sharing, and academic reciprocity. Along with perceived academic reputation, both perceived community trust and norms of data sharing also significantly increases biologists' academic reciprocity in data sharing. This research also found that biologists' academic reciprocity and norms of data sharing significantly affect their data sharing intentions. The results of this research show that the theory of collective action provides new insight to scientists' data sharing behaviors. These results suggest how we can facilitate scientists' data sharing behaviors within a research community by increasing academic reciprocity through the mechanisms of reputation, trust, and norm.
Characterizing and exploring users' task completion process at different stages in learning related tasks
Authors: Song Xiaoxuan , Liu Chang , Liu Hanrui
Published: February 2019

This study explored user interactions when accomplishing learning related tasks from a new perspective, the process perspective, and examined three main types of user interactions: searching, reading and writing behaviors. The goal is to characterize how users' searching, reading, and writing interactions change at different stages, and explore what contextual factors are related to the task completion process. A user experiment with thirty‐two participants was conducted, and each participant was asked to work on two types of learning tasks: receptive tasks and critical tasks. For data analysis, we calculated the percentage of searching time, reading time and writing time during four stages, to characterize users' task completion process. Our results demonstrated that users' reading efforts were evenly distributed at four stages; half of their searching efforts were devoted at the first stage and writing efforts were mainly spent at the last stage. In addition, we also found task type and users' cognitive style had significant effects on users' searching, reading, writing process, and their writing efforts in the first stage were correlated to the quality of learning outcome. This study took the process perspective to characterize user interactions at different stages, and this perspective provides us a more comprehensive picture of user interactions and has implications for the design of search systems to fully support user interactions and their task completion process.
Serendipity in context: Prioritised contextual browsing in large‐scale digital libraries
Authors: Weigl David M. , Emsley Iain , Page Kevin R.
Published: February 2019

In previous work we proposed a model of information‐seeking behaviour in scholarly workset creation, combining and extending established models by Bates, Ellis, and Wilson to encompass strategies for scholarly research in large‐scale information systems. However, this model simplifies contextual browsing, a key aspect of information seeking in large‐scale information systems, as a single, holistic, strategy. Here, we extend this model with granular strategies for contextual browsing, defining new modes to characterise contextual browsing as combinations of these strategies, which we show to be consistent with serendipitous discovery as described by Makri et al. We study the properties of prioritised contextual browsing as a mechanism for implementing these strategies. We describe the Compage framework, a proof‐of‐concept implementation for prioritised contextual browsing of Linked Data resources, using Jaccard similarity for prioritisation. Extending Compage, we develop a simulation environment in which we investigate the utility of prioritised contextual browsing over a large‐scale digital library dataset. Our simulation applies three strategies for the traversal of contextual metadata: reset, unprioritised, and prioritised. Results empirically demonstrate the advantages of prioritised contextual browsing, and that elements of serendipity can be identified and incorporated within our information‐seeking model. In doing so, we evaluate our model's suitability for this scenario, yielding a more detailed understanding of the strategies and modes of behaviour underlying contextual browsing.
Peer review, bibliometrics and altmetrics ‐ Do we need them all?
Authors: Bar‐Ilan Judit , Haustein Stefanie , Milojević Staša , Peters Isabella , Wolfram Dietmar
Published: February 2019

This panel will present views and critical reflections on peer review, bibliometrics and altmetrics against the background of the latest developments and critique of the scientific system (e.g., replication crisis, DORA, open science, data manipulation). Peer review is the oldest form of monitoring the scientific process and research outcomes and is sometimes considered as the gold standard for evaluating quality. However, it also has its drawbacks; therefore, new forms of peer review are being explored. Bibliometrics, comparative statistics based on publication and citation counts, was introduced as a more objective evaluation method, which is applicable on meso and macro levels of research producing units but is not without problems either. Citation counts as a proxy of quality; the impact factor and the h‐index are some of the most controversial subjects of research evaluation today. The newest addition to the evaluation toolbox are altmetrics, impact measures based mainly on social media activity. Altmetrics have pros and cons as well. None of the measuring devices is perfect, and rather than replacing they complement each other. By drawing on indicators from all three aspects of research evaluation, negative and adverse effects are limited.
Transdisciplinary approaches to critical data studies
Authors: Burns Ryan , Hawkins Blake , Hoffmann Anne Lauren , Iliadis Andrew , Thatcher Jim
Published: February 2019

In this paper we describe the rationale behind a panel concerning the transdisciplinary approaches to critical data studies. We illuminate emerging modes of conducting critical data studies research and highlights the interdisciplinary opportunities within future research directions. We describe the format for the panel and the themes that will be covered by each of the author. By having this panel to occur it creates a space for interdisciplinary dialogues on a timely topic that touches various sub‐ fields of information science along with the broader social science disciplines in the academy.
Open science: Development, challenges and practice in the global context
Authors: Chen Hsin‐liang , Liu Ying‐Hsang , Pei Lei , Peters Isabella , Smith Ina
Published: February 2019

Open science (OS) is a global issue concerning how researchers work, collaborate, interact, share resources, and disseminate results in the digital age. This panel assembles researchers from various continents to discover their experiences and to address some of the following issues: What is the state of OS policies in the region? Does the region have any international, national, or regional OS collaborations and/or agreements? Does the region have any international, national or regional OS infrastructure and/or systems? Are international, national or regional OS standards being adapted in the region? What is the utilization level of the OS infrastructure and/or systems in the region? Is the region experiencing any progress, barriers and/or challenges in implementing the OS initiatives?
Challenges for social media: Misinformation, free speech, civic engagement, and data regulations
Authors: DePaula Nic , Fietkiewicz Kaja J. , Froehlich Thomas J. , Million A.J. , Dorsch Isabelle , Ilhan Aylin
Published: February 2019

Social media has arguably brought one of the greatest changes to Internet communication since the invention of the Web but challenges as well. Apart from helping people to have access and to exchange information, social media has also been used to spread misinformation, hate speech, and the user‐generated data is adopted for targeted commercial and political advertising based on personal profiles. Moreover, the most popular applications available are owned by a small number of companies who may have an undue influence on how civic engagement takes place on their platforms. In this panel, four panelists will discuss the following: misinformation and the role of pseudo‐cognitive authorities; hate speech and Germany's Network Enforcement Act (NetzGD); civic engagement and market capture by social media companies; and finally, personal data processing and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We intend to raise interesting questions helping to understand these issues, and to find solutions for the beneficial use of information technologies as well as to scope out all its advantages.
Lost in knowledge translation: Our shifting research landscape
Authors: Garcia‐Perez Alexeis , Bedford Denise A. D. , Jones Wayne , Freeburg Darin , Tatian Peter , Testa Dean
Published: February 2019

In 2018 there is a new research modality. Research is increasingly produced by individuals and organizations not formally affiliated with academic institutions; based on funding that does not come from the public sphere; aligned with and intended to support advocacy perspectives and is designed for use by particular communities and agents. The new research modality presents challenges and opportunities. While all of these new agents in the research landscape are well educated and qualified to conduct research, in many cases they are operating outside of the traditional research environment and perhaps with a different set of “research cultural norms”. This new research modality in fact begs for a solution similar to that promoted within the health sciences field – a model of knowledge translation. A panel of researchers drawn from across the new research landscape will engage with information professionals to discuss six key questions.
The YouTube formula: Information work and community‐building in a visual era
Authors: Thomson Leslie , Caidi Nadia , Yoon Kyong , Forcier Eric , Kim Alice N. , Chah Niel
Published: February 2019

In our increasingly visually oriented world, people's information practices shift and adapt accordingly. In this panel, we bring together an international group of scholars to discuss their insights on information practices related to visual platforms such as YouTube. From the information and communication practices of beauty vloggers garnering international attention to YouTubers specializing in building bridges between cultures, the emergence of the K‐pop fandom on YouTube, and the effects of participatory transmedia on viewers' everyday rituals, the panelists share theoretical, empirical, and methodological insights on emerging and evolving everyday information practices. The audience engagement and panelist presentations will coalesce in the formulation of a research agenda that pertains, broadly, to everyday visual engagement, trust and meaning‐making, and community building at local and translocal levels.
A methodology for scientific cyberinfrastructure sustainability research
Authors: Allard Grant , Allard Suzie
Published: February 2019

Scientific cyberinfrastructure (SCI), defined as “the distributed computer, information and communication technologies combined with the personnel and integrating components that provide a long‐term platform to empower the modern scientific research endeavor” (Atkins et al., 2003), is a foundation for the modern scientific enterprise and open science. Establishing persistent SCI requires an understanding of the essential topics related to cyber‐infrastructure sustainability. We add to the study of SCI sustainability by focusing on the roles of financing structure and property rights. The Sustainability Transitions Outcomes Research Methodology (STORM) is a reproducible technique which opens the door for conversations that are based on existing data and from which scholars can derive axioms to help explain and predict the SCI sustainability. STORM provides steps for quantitatively categorizing financing, property rights, and outputs against cardinal metrics such as revenue, costs, and consumption of the resource. Our findings are presented with an interactive web application.
Middle of the (by)line: Examining hyperauthorship networks in the human genome project
Authors: Dinh Ly , Cheng Yi‐Yun
Published: February 2019

The era of big science promises rapid growth of scientific innovations and complex problem‐solving, bringing forth the practice of doing science in large‐scale collaborative effort rather than single author, solitary work. In disciplines such as genomics and high‐energy physics, it is not uncommon that hyperauthorship phenomenon with the amount of authors soaring high from hundredth to thousandth. The purpose of this research is to explore the collaboration dynamics and the partial alphabetical author byline in one of the primary research articles within the Human Genome Project (HGP). Using co‐ authorship network analysis, we find that middle authors play crucial roles in facilitating collaboration among previously unconnected authors as well as contributing to genetic sequencing efforts. Future work entails network analysis of all published works by HGP to comprehensively capture collaboration dynamics among multiple research centers.
Sticky words: Evaluation and optimization of information interactions based on linguistic analysis
Authors: Dvir Nim
Published: February 2019

This paper describes a novel approach to systematically improve interactions with digital content based solely on its wording. Following an interdisciplinary literature review, we recognized three key attributes of words that drive successful interactions: (1) Novelty (2) Familiarity (3) Sentimentality. Based on these attributes, we developed a model to systematically improve a given content using word frequency, sentiment analysis and semantic substitution, and by employing computational linguistics and natural language processing (NLP) tech‐niques. We conducted a pilot study (n=416) in which the model was used to formalize evaluation and optimization of academic titles. A between‐group design was used to compare responses to the original (control) and modified (treatment) titles. Results show that the modified titles had significantly higher scores for selection, user engage‐ment and memorability. Our findings suggest that users' successful interactions with digital content is fostered by, and perhaps dependent upon, the wording being used. They also provide empirical support that engaging content can be systematically evaluated and produced. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Everyday information practices: An exploration of intra‐individual information behavior across everyday contexts
Authors: Lee Lo , Ocepek Melissa G.
Published: February 2019

Everyday information behavior studies individuals' information behaviors based on their everyday experience. To analyse one participant's information behaviors across daily life contexts, we used interviews and observations as primary research methods. Findings demonstrated that one individual's regular behavioral patterns, such as cross‐referencing, information reviewing, and vision driven information seeking, were consistent across contexts. This work also confirmed the potential to conduct information behavior research by closely looking into one individual across different life situations.
Across borders: The concept and applications of Eugenics in the CCL and the NDC
Authors: Lee Wan‐Chen
Published: February 2019

This study presents analyses based on a previous study on the subject ontogeny of Eugenics in the New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries (CCL) and the Nippon Decimal Classification (NDC). In the bibliographic records using the CCL and the NDC, I ask (1) what are the concepts in the titles of the works about Eugenics? (2) What are the subject headings frequently assigned to the works about Eugenics? Answers to the questions not only identify underrepresented aspects of Eugenics in the schemes but also provide insights into the meanings and usages of the term Eugenics in different contexts. Further, these results encourage us to reflect on the relationship between cataloging practices and classification principles and warrants.