bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusion Complexes between Starch and Vanillin
Authors: Rachmawati Rachmawati , Dwitasari Ida Ayu
Published: July 2019

Vanillin is an additive widely used in foods and beverages. This research focused on formation of inclusion complexes to improve the stability of vanillin. The amylose in starch can act as a host molecule by forming a single helix known as V-amylose which has a hydrophobic channel. In this research, the starch was suspended in water (2.8% (w/v)) and was sonicated for 30 minutes. The mixture was subsequently heated at 180 °C to dissolve starch. Vanillin dissolved in ethanol was then mixed with the starch solution at around 85 °C. The concentration of vanillin was varied at 10%, 30% and 50% (w/w, based on the weight of starch). The resulting inclusion complexes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). FTIR characterizations were conducted on starch, vanillin, physical mixture of starch-vanillin, and the inclusion complexes. The results showed there were differences on some vibration peaks between the physical mixture of starch-vanillin and the inclusion complex. The XRD results depicted different patterns of the diffraction peaks for the inclusion complexes compared to native starch and vanillin which showed that the starch-vanillin complexes were successfully formed.
Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Inhibition during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Lowers PD-1 Expression and Improves Post–Combination Antiretroviral Therapy CD4+ T Cell Counts and Body Weight
Authors: Swainson Louise A. , Ahn Haelee , Pajanirassa Priya , Khetarpal Vinod , Deleage Claire , Estes Jacob D. , Hunt Peter W. , Munoz-Sanjuan Ignacio , McCune Joseph M.
Published: July 2019

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a key regulator of many important physiological processes and plays a harmful role in cancer, many neurologic conditions, and chronic viral infections. In HIV infection, KP activity is consistently associated with reduced CD4 T cell counts and elevated levels of T cell activation and viral load; it also independently predicts mortality and morbidity from non-AIDS events. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is a therapeutically important target in the KP. Using the nonhuman primate model of SIV infection in rhesus macaques, we investigated whether KMO inhibition could slow the course of disease progression. We used a KMO inhibitor, CHDI-340246, to perturb the KP during early acute infection and followed the animals for 1 y to assess clinical outcomes and immune phenotype and function during pre–combination antiretroviral therapy acute infection and combination antiretroviral therapy–treated chronic infection. Inhibition of KMO in acute SIV infection disrupted the KP and prevented SIV-induced increases in downstream metabolites, improving clinical outcome as measured by both increased CD4+ T cell counts and body weight. KMO inhibition increased naive T cell frequency and lowered PD-1 expression in naive and memory T cell subsets. Importantly, early PD-1 expression during acute SIV infection predicted clinical outcomes of body weight and CD4+ T cell counts. Our data indicate that KMO inhibition in early acute SIV infection provides clinical benefit and suggest a rationale for testing KMO inhibition as an adjunctive treatment in SIV/HIV infection to slow the progression of the disease and improve immune reconstitution.
Building consensus on identifying research mentoring gaps and finding ways of addressing the gap in a Kenyan college of health sciences
Authors: Chege Masemiano P.
Published: July 2019

Background: The concept of mentoring in clinical practice has traditionally focused on moving graduates from novice to more respectable positions within the clinical practice hierarchy. With the growing emphasis on evidence-based practice, the role of research in generating evidence for practice cannot be overemphasised. Mentoring in clinical operational research for both students and junior members of academic staff in health professionals’ training colleges is as important as mentoring for clinical skills.Aim: This study aimed at building consensus on possible ways of enhancing research mentoring for graduate students and members of academic staff in a college of health sciences.Setting: The study was conducted within Moi University College of Health Sciences (MUCHS) in Eldoret, Kenya.Methods: The study population was composed of academic staff members and registered graduate students by the end of 2015. All academic staff and graduate students were eligible to participate. The Delphi technique was used to not only collect individual opinions but also build consensus. During the first iteration, questions were sent for which open-ended responses were needed. Responses from the first round were grouped into patterns and themes that guided the writing of questions for the subsequent rounds.Results: The response rate was 78%. There was consensus in appreciating that mentoring was fundamental for career growth in clinical practice and research and needed for improving and developing formal structure for effective mentoring. It was crucial to establish training programmes for mentors and for accrediting them.Conclusion: Enhancing of current research mentoring in MUCHS was needed and expected by graduate students and academic staff.
Treatment and prevention of oral mucositis: A literature review
Authors: Ahmad Paras , Akhtar Usman , Chaudhry Ahmed , Rashid Usman , Saif Sarmad , Asif Jawaad Ahmed
Published: July 2019

Oral health is a cardinal element of nutritional as well as systemic well-being and plays a substantial part in sustaining optimum general health condition. Various factors influence oral health including metabolic diseases such as endocrine, hematological, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and neurological diseases. The intent of this review is to highlight the treatment as well as prevention strategies for one of the most devastating repercussions of chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) on the oral cavity in the form of oral mucositis (OM). A review of literature was performed using relevant key words (“Mucositis” OR “Oral Mucositis” OR “Oral Stomatitis” AND “Treatment of Mucositis” OR “Treatment of Oral Mucositis” OR “Treatment of Oral Stomatitis” AND “Prevention of Mucositis” OR “Prevention of Oral Mucositis” OR “Prevention of Oral Stomatitis“) in prominent journals pertaining to Oncology and Dentistry (CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Cancer, Frontiers in Oncology, Journal of Clinical Oncology, and Oral Oncology). It is basically sequelae of CT, RT, and radiochemotherapy in patients suffering from malignant diseases as well as those who require hematopoietic stem cell transplants. In addition to its negative effects on the oral cavity and consequently on the overall quality of life, OM may lead to delay in cancer treatment which incriminates in a poor prognosis of the disease.
Confecção de bloco de concreto para vedação com substituição parcial do agregado miúdo por serragem
Authors: Zucoloto Mozer Gean , Uliana Lopes Alan , Buss Woelff Anderson
Published: July 2019

Due to the disturbances generated in the construction and industry provided by the generation of waste, recycling becomes an alternative for the disposal of waste generated. The case study aims at the recycling of saw dust from the lumber industry which is an undesirable residue, currently having as sole option of use, its final burning or disposal. The reuse of this residue contributes to the constitution of a new raw material, making possible its use as civil construction material as concrete blocks. It is studied the construction of non-structural concrete block, in its manufacture the content of the addition of the saw dust is used in partial substitution to the mineral aggregate. The compressive strength, moisture content and water absorption were determined. The analysis of the result allows to conclude that the use of saw dust as a small aggregate in the confection of concrete blocks up to 5% in mass caused weight reduction, and meets the requirements of the standard for masonry of sealing as for resistance and water absorption. Also, a decrease in compressive strength compared to the reference concrete block is observed
El conflicto y la institución: Claude Lefort, lector de Nicolás Maquiavelo
Authors: Mattei Eugenia
Published: July 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es indagar cómo la interpretación que Claude Lefort hace en el período 1950-1972 de la obra de Maquiavelo influye en sus escritos posteriores a través de un objetivo doble. Por un lado, da cuenta de cómo se da la articulación entre su teoría de la democracia moderna –y la indeterminación que le es consustancial– y la noción maquiaveliana de república; y, por otro lado,da cuenta de cómo se ocluye, en algún punto, la importancia que tienen los liderazgos personales para Maquiavelo para pensar los regímenes políticos. Este objetivo doble está atravesado por la siguiente hipótesis de lectura: Maquiavelo es un insumo fundamental para reflexionar sobre la teoría lefortiana de democracia, tanto por aquello que Lefort recupera de Maquiavelo como por aquello que descarta.
From addition to concession: Hebrew "gam" 'also'
Authors: Bat-Zeev Shyldkrot Hava , Shefer Hagit
Published: July 2019

This article investigates the internal structure of the Hebrew particle gam (“also”) from the perspective of construction grammar. Hebrew gam seems to exhibit meanings of both addition and concession, as a single particle and through compounds such as ma gam (“all the more so”), gam kaxa (“as it is”) and gam im (“even”). The findings reveal that the interpretation of the various meanings realized by the construction result from the interaction of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors which in turn lead to a form-meaning pairing associated with conventional meanings. The article argues that gam functions as a partly– schematic construction which displays non-discrete meanings ranging from addition at one end of a continuum through polysemous cases which display both addition and concession to concession at the other end of the continuum.
Concession and modal calculus
Authors: Martin Robert
Published: July 2019

Contrary to modal logic, the linguistic approach to modality, without in any way minimizing modal relationships as such (for example by way of the “square of opposition”), tends towards a relative calculation of the knowledge and the beliefs of the speaker. In this article the (universal) modal of the universe of beliefs or of possible worlds will be updated, focusing on how the signs of concession can be interpreted, then defining the “modal calculus” (conceived as a system suitable for determining the modal content of any proposition) in order to apply it to concessive relationships.
Planktotrophic Columbellidae (Gastropoda) in the northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, with description of a new species in the genus Mitrella
Authors: Gofas Serge , Luque Ángel , Urra Javier
Published: July 2019

Few of the ca 50 species of Columbellidae found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean have planktotrophic larval development denoted by a multispiral protoconch. One species of the genus Mitrella, ranging from the mid-Atlantic seamounts to the Alboran Sea, is here described as new to
science and the geographic and bathymetric distributions of another three species, Amphissa acutecostata (Philippi, 1844), Mitrella canariensis (d'Orbigny, 1840) and M. nitidulina (Locard, 1897) are updated. The name Mitrella canariensis is shown to have precedence
over M. pallaryi (Dautzenberg, 1927). Mitrella nitidulina is absent in the Mediterranean Sea, and A. acutecostata, the only amphiatlantic species, is recorded for the first time as living in the Alboran Sea. There is a definite differentiation in the bathymetrical range
of these species, with M. canariensis being the shallowest and M. nitidulina being the deepest.
Caracterización del recién nacido pequeño para la edad gestacional. Hospital Leonardo Martínez Valenzuela
Authors: Arriola López Agueda Ansela
Published: July 2019

Antecedentes: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) define a los niños nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG) como aquellos cuyo peso al nacer está debajo del percentil 10 por género al nacer, para la edad gestacional. En el 2010, se estimó que 32.4 millones de bebés nacieron PEG en países de medianos y bajos ingresos. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al recién nacido pequeño para la edad gestacional en el Hospital Leonardo Martínez Valenzuela (HLMV) de San Pedro Sula, en el período comprendido de enero a diciembre de 2016. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo; se realizó la revisión de 84 expedientes clínicos, se aplicó un cuestionario que constaba de 23 preguntas abiertas y cerradas, evaluando factores de riesgo fetales, maternos y demográficos. Resultados: 55% de los RN PEG fueron del sexo masculino, 96% eran RN a término y el 82% eran de bajo peso al nacer. Se encontraron anomalías fetales como la microcefalia y polidactília 2,3%; los factores maternos encontrados fueron las enfermedades maternas en 9,9% descritas como la hipertensión gestacional, preeclampsia leve y severa, las infecciones maternas como infección del tracto urinario, vaginosis y fiebre 26,5%, factores demográficos, como la edad entre 18-35 años 83%, escolaridad baja 89%, ser mestiza, 8%, primigesta 63%, período intergenésico mayor de 2 años 52%. Conclusiones: Es necesario identificar a las gestantes con factores de riesgo como los encontrados para disminuir la condición de pequeños para la edad gestacional. Se debe actuar poniendo énfasis en los factores modificables.
La Gran Simuladora: Tuberculosis Meníngea: Caso Clínico
Authors: López Robles Gabriela Alejandra , Hawith Bautista Kristell Patricia
Published: July 2019

La Tuberculosis (TB) es la enfermedad infectocontagiosa más importante del mundo, asociada a alta morbimortalidad, principalmente es pulmonar, sin embargo puede afectar otros órganos y tejidos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) 2015, estimó un millón de niños con TB en el mundo y 169,000 fallecidos. Según la OMS, Honduras ocupa el octavo lugar en carga de tuberculosis en el hemisferio occidental. Estos datos reflejan que continúa siendo un problema de salud pública prioritario. En países de alta endemicidad, la principal barrera es la pobreza y el escaso acceso al sistema sanitario. La incidencia de tuberculosis meníngea (TBM) se relaciona directamente con la prevalencia de TB pulmonar (TBP) y aunque solo representa alrededor del 1% de los casos de TB y 5%-10% de TB extrapulmonar, su presencia es preocupante por su elevada tasa de mortalidad (30%) en aquellos pacientes que reciben tratamiento óptimo y de secuelas graves en el 50% de los sobrevivientes, por lo que el factor más importante que influye en el pronóstico es el diagnóstico precoz y el inicio temprano de tratamiento específico. El diagnóstico de la TBM con frecuencia representa un desafío para el médico; se necesita un alto grado de sospecha clínica para no retrasar el diagnóstico y tratamiento puesto que el cuadro clínico es inespecífico, heterogéneo y aunque el examen del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) aporta datos sugestivos, habitualmente se inicia tratamiento empírico sin tener certeza de que el diagnóstico será confirmado. Las manifestaciones clínicas y su duración son de vital importancia para su sospecha.
Functional Design of Supportive Men’s Underwear with a Microbial Barrier
Authors: Bogović Slavica , Rogina-Car Beti , Bogović Dario
Published: July 2019

A functional modelling of supportive clothing is proposed in this paper. Body forms and measures were analysed. The digitisation of the human body was performed by 3D scanning, and based on point clouds measurements were taken. and the forms of body parts for which the pattern of clothing was developed, were defined. Pattern parts of the male supportive underwear model proposed were translated into numeric form, and a program was developed in the C++ programming language through which the pattern parts are adjusted to individual measurements and to the material used for the compression of parts of the body. Since clothing can be used post-operatively as well, an analysis of the biodegradable Tencel® materials proposed to be used for these applications was conducted. Material samples were subjected to steam sterilisation at 134oC, after which tests of microbial barrier permeability were performed using the new method. Aerobic bacterial endospores were used. Based on the samples tested and their properties, the construction of supportive medical clothing which, by their design, enhance the functionality and possibility of preventing infections of a body part subjected to surgery was carried out.
Study of Flexural Behaviour of Warp Knitted Reinforced Ferrocement Composites
Authors: Paramasivam S. , Rameshkumar M. , Malathy R. , Prakash C.
Published: July 2019

This paper presents the effect of warp knit textile reinforcement in ferrocement laminates. In general, steel wire mesh is used as ferrocement reinforcement, which is often known as chicken mesh. The need for the replacement of steel mesh is the problem of corrosion, which reduces the durability of ferrocement laminate. High performance synthetic fibres and fabrics are constantly used in various research works as reinforcement in concrete. In this paper, an attempt was made to incorporate three different nylon warp knit mesh structures in the place of chicken mesh. Ferrocement composites were produced with chicken mesh and nylon warp knit fabrics. The flexural properties of ferrocement laminates were analysed in terms of the first crack load, ultimate load, energy absorption capacity and ductility factor. Nylon square mesh with 3 layers in the reinforcement has a 2.5 kN first crack load and 3.36 kN ultimate load, which is higher than chicken mesh reinforcement in ferrocement laminate. The results show that there is an improvement in the flexural properties of ferrocement laminates reinforced with a nylon warp knit structure. The flexural parameters have a direct relationship with the number of layers used in the reinforcement.
“Lack of interest in politics”: a result of non-democratic experiences or of the non-existence of the Kantian republican state in the 21st century?
Authors: Enders Mark
Published: July 2019

This essay examines the appearance of distrust, disinterest and aversion to politics and political participation in today’s democracies by taking the Kantian concept of a republican state into account. The goal is to find out reasons for the lack of interest in politics by investigating certain aspects in today’s democracies that might be not in compliance with the Kantian understanding of republicanism. The essay will start with an examination of the republican state and why it is mostly referred to as being much as the parliamentary democracy we know today. Then, these results will be compared with modern democracies (USA, Switzerland and Germany) in order to find the underlying reasons for the lack of interest in politics and how it might be possible to overcome it.
Kant and Confucius: On moral decision-making
Authors: Świątczak-Borowy Martyna
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to determine the patterns of moral decision-making in Kantian and Confucian thought and to assess the necessary preconditions of moral behavior for Kant and Confucius respectively. This paper focuses on comparing the way Kant is structuring constitutive elements of moral decision-making, such as will, reason, or moral autonomy to the way Confucius is structuring the relationship between elements such as duty, commands of Tian, or social relations.
Highlights of the Canadian Frailty Network (CFN) Highly Qualified Personnel Poster Session
Authors: Muscedere John , Hastings Truelove Amber , Stockley Denise , Fowler Jennifer , Barrie Carol
Published: July 2019

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Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM): uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Dias Gabriela Costa , Cesar Aldara Da Silva , Oliveira Ualison Rébula
Published: July 2019

A Gestão de Riscos na Cadeia de Suprimentos (SCRM) é considerada uma forma de atingir vantagem competitiva, uma vez que se baseia em sua habilidade de encarar e de se adaptar aos ambientes complexos e que expõe às Cadeias de Suprimentos a riscos constantes. No Brasil, SCRM é um tema relativamente novo, onde quase não publicações na base de dados da Scielo. Assim, esse artigo possui como objetivo principal tornar o assunto mais explícito e conhecido no Brasil, de forma que esse tema seja de conhecimento de profissionais, pesquisadores e acadêmicos. Metodologicamente a pesquisa é suportada por uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura. O presente material traz uma revisão bibliográfica, considerando artigos de 2004 (ano da primeira publicação sobre o tema no mundo) a 2015. Partindo de uma revisão sobre Risco, Gerenciamento de Risco, Cadeia de Suprimentos, Gerenciamento da Cadeia até chegar em SCRM, apresenta-se o seu conceito, histórico, relevância e faz-se uma compilação sobre os modelos de gerenciamento de riscos apresentados. Como parte dos resultados, observaram-se divergências dos autores pesquisados sobre a classificação dos riscos na cadeia e os modelos para gerenciá-los. A relevância do tema está na capacidade de minimização de prejuízos de grandes cifras na Cadeia de Suprimentos das organizações com base na administração dos conceitos aqui abordados.
El ideal político a través de los siglos: Schiller y Cohen en torno a la fraternidad y la revolución del sentimiento
Authors: Napoli Santiago Juan
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo analiza los diagnósticos, las soluciones, y el modo de implementación de un orden social igualitario por parte de Friedrich Schiller y Gerald Cohen. Para ello, ambos pensadores consideran la necesidad de erradicar el egoísmo y la desconfianza mediante una transformación cultural de tipo fraternal, fomentada por el “temple de ánimo estético” (Schiller) y el “principio de comunidad” (Cohen). Asimismo, los autores enfatizan la relevancia de un aspecto común a sus reflexiones: la pugna por la realización de una “revolución del sentimiento”, herramienta reconocida como la más adecuada para educar al hombre en el valor de la fraternidad.
Fraternidad anárquica. La inflexión republicana de Marx
Authors: Muinelo Paz Eugenio
Published: July 2019

Apoyándonos en la rehabilitación por Antoni Domènech del concepto de fraternidad, pretendemos señalar la necesidad de reintepretar hoy a la luz del mismo el pensamiento político de Marx. Tanto sus escritos de juventud como los de madurez brindan una teoría crítica del Estado y del Derecho que estaría animada por una insobornable inspiración ética. Esta nada tendría que ver con la tan denostada “moralización” de la política. Más bien, en la estela de Levinas, tenderemos a leerla como una an-arquía de lo político que nos obligaría a complementar la tradición histórica del republicanismo.
Register, Source Language, and Cognateness Effects on Lexical Choice in Translated Dutch
Authors: Vandevoorde Lore
Published: July 2019

In line with recent studies about register and source language effects on translated language (Delaere, De Sutter, et al. 2012; De Sutter, Delaere, et al. 2012; Kruger and Van Rooy 2012; Delaere and De Sutter 2017), the aim of this paper is twofold: to further investigate the influence of register and source language, and to study any potential influence of the variable “cognateness” on translated language. We focus on specific onomasiological choices (lexical choices) in the semantic field of inchoativity, made by translators into Dutch and attested in corpus observations (Dutch translated texts in the Dutch Parallel Corpus). First, we performed a multinomial regression analysis on our dataset and carried out an Analysis of Deviance to determine whether the predictor variables “source language lexeme” and “register” (“text type”) have a significant influence on the response variable (the set of lexemes representing the onomasiological choice range in translated Dutch inchoativity). Doing a second multinomial regression analysis, followed by an Analysis of Deviance, we investigate the influence of the new variable “cognateness” on the translator’s onomasiological choice (in the target language). Classification trees were generated as statistics-based visualizations of onomasiological choice in translated Dutch (translated from French and translated from English) within the semantic field of inchoativity. The results of the statistical analyses show that register, source language, and cognateness significantly influence the specific lexical choices made by translators. In addition, the visualizations show how the onomasiological choice for some target lexemes can be predicted on the basis of a single source language lexeme, while other choices are more complex, and will also be determined by the register of the text.
« Quand il faut donner du sens au non-sens du trauma » L’intervention psychologique auprès des victimes de la fusillade du 29 janvier 2017 à Québec – dimension multiculturelle
Authors: Kendil Nadia
Published: July 2019

Le 29 janvier 2017, un forcené tire sur une assemblée de fidèles au Centre culturel islamique de la paisible ville de Québec. Le bilan est de six tués, cinq blessés et 35 rescapés choqués. Dans la ville, des familles des victimes et des coreligionnaires sont sous le coup d’un choc émotionnel. Il s’agit d’un acte terroriste ciblé, visant des personnes dans leur identité culturelle et religieuse, et les atteignant dans leur représentation mentale de la sécurité et du bien-être.

Les secours psychologiques s’organisent, avec notamment l’intervention d’une psychologue de même culture et de même langue maternelle que les victimes. Les tableaux cliniques constatés sont d’une part le stress adapté, avec ses symptômes transitoires, et d’autre part le stress dépassé, avec ses symptômes dissociatifs et ses risques évolutifs vers l’état de stress post-traumatique. À signaler aussi des cas de deuil traumatique, compliqués, entre autres, par l’obligation que se font les familles d’aller enterrer les défunts dans leur pays d’origine.

L’intervention psychologique se déroule au domicile des victimes dans un premier temps (les premiers jours) en séances de déchocage (defusing) par groupes familiaux. Puis, la deuxième semaine, elle a lieu en séances de groupes de bilan psychologique d’évènement (debriefing) psychodynamique en clinique (bureau privé). Pour les enfants, on a recours à l’expression spontanée par le dessin. Passé quinze jours, selon les normes établies par l’Ordre des psychologues du Québec, on propose aux victimes qui souffrent encore de venir consulter au cabinet de la psychologue.

Trois mois après l’attentat, les deux tiers des victimes s’en sortent sans séquelles ou avec des séquelles légères. Parmi les autres, qui présentent de la difficulté d’endormissement, des cauchemars et de la phobie de sortir, certaines réactivent leurs symptômes en réaction à la reprise d’actes hostiles envers la communauté musulmane.

Un an après l’attentat, un retour progressif à la normale est de plus en plus perçu pour un grand nombre de victimes. La culture et la religion agissant comme facteurs de protection, notamment la « foi » comme porteuse ultime de résilience. La solidarité sociale et politique contribue à l’apaisement de la douleur chez certains.

Le processus judiciaire laisse place à la parole et à l’expression du ressenti dont ont besoin les victimes. À la base de l’amélioration, inviter la victime à verbaliser l’expérience vécue sensorielle « absurde » du trauma contribue à le résoudre en y apportant du sens.

Nous émettons enfin des recommandations visant à avoir recours, dans la mesure du possible, à un professionnel de la même culture dans le contexte du trauma, ou à être supervisées par ce dernier pour une meilleure connaissance de la culture de la victime ou tout simplement à investiguer le contexte socioculturel et la religion, si celle-ci a un lien étroit avec le contexte du deuil et de la notion de mort de la victime.
Différences en matière de santé mentale selon le statut de minorité sexuelle
Authors: Martin-Storey Alexa , Temcheff Caroline , Laventure Myriam , Lévesque Geneviève
Published: July 2019

Objectif Les individus provenant d’une minorité sexuelle rapportent plus de problèmes de santé mentale que les individus ayant une identité hétérosexuelle. Or, la majorité des recherches canadiennes sur ce sujet ont été réalisées il y a plusieurs années, bien avant les changements culturels et légaux concernant la population lesbienne, gay et bisexuelle. Ces changements culturels, sociaux et légaux ont sans aucun doute influencé le portrait clinique de cette population. Cette étude vise à identifier les différences en santé mentale chez les gens qui sont issus ou non de minorités sexuelles.

Méthode Un échantillon régionalement représentatif d’adultes en Estrie, Québec (n = 10 687) a participé à un sondage téléphonique. Pour ce faire, les participants devaient répondre à des questions concernant leur identité sexuelle et la présence de problèmes de santé mentale incluant la détresse psychologique, la dépression, et de problèmes de surconsommation d’alcool et de drogues.

Résultats Les résultats ont indiqué plusieurs différences significatives entre les individus appartenant à une minorité sexuelle et les individus hétérosexuels. Les différences sont surtout observées lorsque les individus bisexuels ou principalement hétérosexuels sont comparés aux individus hétérosexuels. La majorité de ces différences sont principalement expliquées par les variables de contrôle (l’âge, le niveau d’éducation, le revenu et le fait d’appartenir à une minorité visible).

Conclusions Ces résultats suggèrent l’importance d’atténuer les différences sociodémographiques pour améliorer la santé mentale chez les individus issus d’une minorité sexuelle. Les vulnérabilités spécifiques des individus ayant une identité bisexuelle et principalement hétérosexuelle devraient être davantage considérées.
Le soutien des pairs souffrant de psychose : l’expérience du programme « Passer l’espoir au suivant »
Authors: Wallot Hubert-Antoine
Published: July 2019

Pour les personnes souffrant d’un trouble de santé mentale, le soutien de pairs aidants (au sens de personnes s’étant rétablies d’un tel trouble) est d’une grande valeur thérapeutique. Les Alcooliques anonymes (AA) ont été les premiers à le démontrer. Leur approche comporte plusieurs éléments bénéfiques, tel les « meetings », le programme en « 12 étapes », et un élément majeur, le parrainage d’un individu par un pair. Depuis sont apparues des organisations reposant sur des groupes de pairs, et aussi cette nouvelle profession de « pair aidant ». Dans le contexte d’un centre de traitement pour personnes souffrant de troubles psychotiques majeurs, pour lesquels l’espoir est un ingrédient déterminant du rétablissement, l’article présente ici un programme d’entraide s’appuyant principalement sur un parrainage d’un client par un pair et qui, depuis son introduction, commence cliniquement à porter ses fruits. Le programme a aussi une composante de « meetings » et une composante des « 12 étapes ».
Le « divertissement connecté » au sein du foyer : une enquête auprès des jeunes Québécois
Authors: Millerand Florence , Thoër Christine , Duque Nina , Lévy Joseph Josy
Published: July 2019

Cadre de la recherche : Internet constitue un mode d’accès aux contenus de divertissement audiovisuels (films, séries, vidéos YouTube, etc.) de plus en plus populaire, notamment chez les jeunes.

Objectifs : Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche sur les pratiques de visionnement en ligne de contenus audiovisuels chez les jeunes Québécois de 12 à 25 ans, afin de comprendre comment ces pratiques s’articulent à la vie familiale.

Méthodologie : La stratégie méthodologique est de type mixte combinant des données qualitatives (14 groupes de discussion rassemblant 82 participants, 29 entrevues individuelles) et quantitatives (enquête par questionnaire auprès de 1504 jeunes Québécois âgés de 12 à 25 ans).

Résultats : Les résultats de la recherche révèlent une très forte individualisation dans les pratiques et une autonomie accrue des jeunes à l’égard des contenus regardés et des temps de visionnement. Les pratiques offrent des occasions de partage et d’expression des liens familiaux, allant jusqu’à participer à la formation de pratiques familiales spécifiques autour de rituels de visionnement.

Conclusions : Si la famille constitue le premier lieu de socialisation des jeunes à la télévision, elle joue également un rôle dans la formation des pratiques de visionnement des contenus audiovisuels sur Internet. En retour, ces pratiques numériques semblent contribuer encore davantage à l’acquisition de l’autonomie chez les jeunes, y compris chez les plus jeunes.

Contribution : En apportant de nouvelles connaissances sur le divertissement connecté chez les jeunes et sa place dans la vie familiale, l’article rend visible la pertinence sociale et scientifique des recherches sur les usages sociaux des technologies chez les jeunes.
Novedad editorial
Authors: Leyva Gustavo
Published: July 2019

Presentación de: Gustavo Leyva, Álvaro Peláez y Pedro Stepanenko, eds. Los Rostros de la Razón: Immanuel Kant desde Hispanoamérica. Barcelona : Anthropos Editorial / México : Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 2018. — 3 vols. ISBN 978-84-16421-91-6.
¿Puede la razón práctica ser artificial?
Authors: Schoenecker Dieter
Published: July 2019

¿Puede la razón práctica ser artificial? Desde un punto de vista kantiano, la respuesta es claramente negativa: la razón práctica no puede ser artificial. Luego de una observación preliminar acerca de la posibilidad de las máquinas morales kantianas (1.1) y de ciertos aspectos fundamentales acerca del concepto de razón práctica (1.2) e intuicionismo en Kant (1.3), sostendré que, en un modelo kantiano de obligación moral, el sujeto moral (humano) típico tiene, y debe tener, sentimientos morales para poder conocer la validez de la ley moral como un imperativo categórico (1.4). Por medio del argumento del conocimiento en contra del fisicalismo y del funcionalismo, sostendré que las computadoras no tienen sentimientos y, a fortiori, no tienen sentimientos morales; por lo tanto, las computadoras no son sujetos morales (1.5). Esta conclusión se basa en un yo siento kantiano más que en un yo pienso (1.6). A continuación, me ocuparé de dos problemas de ese argumento (2). Concluiré con una analogía (3): así como los planetas no vuelan, las computadoras no sienten.
Role of Prevalent Weeds and Cultivated Crops in the Epidemiology of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Major Maize Growing Agroecological Zones of Uganda
Authors: Mudde Barnabas , Kilalo Dora C. , Olubayo Florence M’mogi , Asea Godfrey , Kiggundu Andrew , Kwemoi Daniel Bomet , Miano Douglas Watuku
Published: July 2019

In Uganda, the severe Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease, which threatens subsistence maize production is caused by co-infection of maize plants with Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). However, there is no information about natural hosts of MLN causing viruses and their role in epidemiology of MLN in Uganda. The aim of this study was to determine existence of natural alternative weed and cultivated crop hosts of MLN causing viruses. Three seasonal surveys between 2014 and 2015 were carried out in five major maize growing agroecological zones of Uganda. Weeds and cultivated crops growing in proximity to maize were observed for virus symptoms and tested for MLN causing viruses using Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. Data was collected on frequency of occurrence of weeds and cultivated crop species and MLN virus disease incidence. Digitaria abyssinica, Bidens pilosa and Commelina benghalensis were the most common weed species while Phaseolus vulgaris, Manihot esculenta, Arachis hypogaea), Musa sp, Glycine max and Ipomoea batatas were most common cultivated crops. Pennisetum purpureum, Digitaria abyssinica, Cyperus rotundus, Amaranthus spinosus, Commelina benghalensis and Eleusine indica weeds species are natural hosts of Maize chlorotic mottle virus. Among the cultivated crops, Phaseolus vulgaris, Manihot esculenta and Sesamum indicum are natural hosts of MCMV. Only Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) tested positive for SCMV. MCMV incidence in weeds ranged from 2% to 63%% and 2% to 29% in cultivated crops. MLN causing viruses were prevalent in weeds and cultivated crops located in known hotspots for MLN in Uganda. The study has revealed that alternative hosts of MLN-causing viruses are present in major maize growing agroecological zones of Uganda and act as sources of inoculum to sustain MLN epidemics.
Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential in Thermally Processed, Underutilized Food Grains of the Himalayan Region
Authors: Dutta Anuradha , Shukla Pushpa , Tilara Soni , Prasad Nivedita , Khan Raushan , Suri Shweta , Bharadwaj S. B.
Published: July 2019

Aims: To determine the bioactive components and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in selected underutilized crops of the Himalayan region viz. Barnyard millet, Grain amaranth, Rice bean, Black soybean and Horsegram.

Study Design: Experimental design (Lab experiment).

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Home Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, in the year 2016-18.

Methodology: We applied different processing techniques (covered pan cooking and pressure cooking) in the underutilized crops and analyzed the total phenol, total flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity (Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and (2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH) by using standard methods.

Results: It was found that black soybean had highest phenolic content after both thermal treatments (3233.76 mg GAE/100 g for pan cooked and 1883.11 mg GAE/100 g for pressure cooked samples) and TAC by both FRAP (6423.76 mg TE/100 g for pan-cooked and 4415.58 mg TE/100 g for pressure cooked) and DPPH (536.41 and 453.98 mg TE/100g for pan and pressure cooked samples, respectively) method. Among raw samples, rice bean contained the highest flavonoid content and TAC by FRAP assay. In contrast, raw grain Amaranth showed the lowest phenolic content. Further, pressure cooking was found to be better for barnyard millet, while in pulses, pan cooking yielded the best results (in terms of increased value/lower losses).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that among pulses pan cooked black soybean was found to have a good store of bioactive compounds as compared to rice bean and horse gram. The pressure cooking method was found to be suitable for millet like a barnyard.
Cancer in Cross River State
Authors: Ebughe G. A. , Ugbem T. I. , Ushie D. E. , Effewongbe S.
Published: July 2019

Aims: To determine the prevalence of cancer in the rest of Cross River State not covered by the population-based cancer registry which is limited to the capital city of Calabar.

Study Design: Descriptive retrospective study involving a trend analysis of cancers from the rest of Cross River State not covered by the Calabar cancer registry. Cancers incident in the Pathology and Haematology departments of the University of Calabar Teaching hospital are included in the study.

Place and Duration of Study: Pathology and Haematology departments of the University of Calabar Teaching hospital. Data was assessed between April to May 2019.

Methodology: An institution-based trend analysis of cancers originating from the rest of Cross River State, out of population-based cancer registry’s coverage was carried out. Such cases incident in the Pathology and Hematology Departments of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were included. Cancer data from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2013 was accessed from the archives of both departments. Data extraction was carried out though filling of a check list and these were fed into IBM statistical package for social sciences SPSS version 21 for analysis.

Results: Nine hundred and fourty one (941), cancer cases were diagnosed during this period. The mean age of diagnosis was 49.18 ± 18.9.Four hundred and seventy seven (477 or 50.69%) females and 464 or 49.31% males had cancer, representing a female to male ratio 0.97: 1. Overall, the commonest age group was 40 to 64 years (46.3%), followed by 18 to 39 years (25.5%), and 65 years or greater (23.0%).Breast cancer followed by prostate cancer were the commonest cancers in adults, while cancers in the lymphohaematopoietic tissue, soft tissue and eye were the commonest in children.

Conclusion: Cancer occurs at an earlier age in the rest of Cross River State, with breast and prostatic cancer dominating. Efforts should be doubled to institute effective screening programmes.
Tonicity‐responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) regulates TNF‐α‐induced hypothalamic inflammation
Authors: Kim Han Rae , Kim Dong Hee , Kim Kwang Kon , Jeong Bora , Kang Dasol , Lee Tae Hwan , Park Jeong Woo , Kwon Hyug Moo , Lee Byung Ju
Published: July 2019

Tonicity‐responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) is a widely expressed transcription factor and is important in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Here, we have identified TonEBP expression in the hypothalamus, which is particularly high in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. TonEBP overexpression stimulates POMC transcription, and TonEBP haploinsufficiency in TonEBP (+/−) mice results in a decrease in hypothalamic POMC expression. TonEBP (+/−) mice show reduced sickness responses, which include anorexia and hyperthermia, that are initially induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. TonEBP (+/−) mice also show lower levels of TNF‐α‐induced hypothalamic expression of POMC and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest that TonEBP is an important molecular regulator in the development of inflammatory sickness responses through the control of POMC and pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression in the hypothalamus.
Technical note: A modified gamma evaluation method for dose distribution comparisons
Authors: Yu Liting , Kairn Tanya , Trapp Jamie , Crowe Scott B.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

In this work we have developed a novel method of dose distribution comparison, the inverse gamma (IG) evaluation, by modifying the commonly used gamma evaluation method.

Methods

The IG evaluation calculates the gamma criteria (dose difference criterion, ΔD, or distance‐to‐agreement criterion, Δd) that are needed to achieve a predefined pass rate or gamma agreement index (GAI). In‐house code for evaluating IG with a fixed ΔD of 3% was developed using Python (v3.5.2) and investigated using treatment plans and measurement data from 25 retrospective patient specific quality assurance tests (53 individual arcs).

Results

It was found that when the desired GAI was set to 95%, approximately three quarters of the arcs tested were able to achieve Δd within 1 mm (mean Δd: 0.7 ± 0.5 mm). The mean Δd required in order for all points to pass the gamma evaluation (i.e., GAI = 100%) was 4.5 ± 3.1 mm. The possibility of evaluating IG by fixing the Δd or ΔD/Δd, instead of fixing the ΔD at 3%, was also investigated.

Conclusion

The IG method and its indices have the potential to be implemented clinically to quantify the minimum dose and distance criteria based on a specified GAI. This method provides additional information to augment standard gamma evaluation results during patient specific quality assurance testing of individual treatment plans. The IG method also has the potential to be used in retrospective audits to determine an appropriate set of local gamma criteria and action levels based on a cohort of patient specific quality assurance plans.
Development and clinical implementation of eclipse scripting‐based automated patient‐specific collision avoidance software
Authors: Mann Thomas D. , Ploquin Nicolas P. , Gill William R. , Thind Kundan S.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Increased use of Linac‐based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), which requires highly noncoplanar gantry trajectories, necessitates the development of efficient and accurate methods of collision detection during the treatment planning process. This work outlines the development and clinical implementation of a patient‐specific computed tomography (CT) contour‐based solution that utilizes Eclipse Scripting to ensure maximum integration with clinical workflow.

Methods

The collision detection application uses triangle mesh structures of the gantry and couch, in addition to the body contour of the patient taken during CT simulation, to virtually simulate patient treatments. Collision detection is performed using Binary Tree Hierarchy detection methods. Algorithm accuracy was first validated for simple cuboidal geometry using a calibration phantom and then extended to an anthropomorphic phantom simulation by comparing the measured minimum distance between structures to the predicted minimum distance for all allowable orientations. The collision space was tested at couch angles every 15° from 90 to 270 with the gantry incremented by 5° through the maximum trajectory. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess algorithm sensitivity and accuracy for predicting collision events. Following extensive validation, the application was implemented clinically for all SRS patients.

Results

The application was able to predict minimum distances between structures to within 3 cm. A safety margin of 1.5 cm was sufficient to achieve 100% sensitivity for all test cases. Accuracy obtained was 94.2% with the 5 cm clinical safety margin with 100% true positive collision detection. A total of 88 noncoplanar SRS patients have been currently tested using the application with one collision detected and no undetected collisions occurring. The average time for collision testing per patient was 2 min 58 s.

Conclusions

A collision detection application utilizing patient CT contours was developed and successfully clinically implemented. This application allows collisions to be detected early during the planning process, avoiding patient delays and unnecessary resource utilization if detected during delivery.