bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Nietzschean-Type Perspectivism: Derrida’s Reading of Heidegger’s Thesis on the Animal
Authors: Senatore Mauro
Published: April 2021

On the occasion of the publication of Derrida’s unedited seminar Geschlecht III: Sex, Race, Nation, Humanity (1984–5, 2018), which includes significant pages on Heidegger’s discourse on animality, this article proposes reopening the dossier that the French philosopher had dedicated to that discourse throughout his work. It aims to elaborate an overall interpretation of this dossier in the light of the grammatological account of the living, which, at the moment of sketching his intellectual biography, Derrida himself acknowledges as the shared feature of his work. In particular, the article takes into examination the readings of Heidegger’s thesis that “the animal is poor in world” which Derrida had offered since Of Spirit: Heidegger and The Question (1987). As the examination develops, it is shown that Derrida’s critical reelaboration of Heidegger’s discourse is shaped as a Nietzschean-type perspectivism.
Risk Perception and Lowland Rice Farming Change in Savannakhet Province, Southern Laos
Authors: Baird Ian G. , Piyadeth Santi , Ninchaluene Chanthavisouk
Published: April 2021

Lowland rice cultivation is changing in southern Laos. A formalised survey and informal interviews in the lowlands of Savannakhet Province indicate that while some farmers still raise water buffaloes, farmers now mainly use hand-held mechanised ploughs to till their fields. More chemical fertilisers are being used, and improved seed varieties have become dominant, with native varieties disappearing. Due to these changes, rice yields have increased substantially, with many more farmers selling surplus rice. The trade-offs are, however, not simple. Through applying the lens of risk perception, this article presents data about how lowland rice farming—the main occupation for rural people in Savannakhet Province—has changed over the last twenty years, critically assessing how farmers perceive and act upon risk during this time of rapid agrarian change.
Royal Names in Medieval Ethiopia and their Symbolism
Authors: Gusarova Ekaterina V.
Published: April 2021

Millenarianism, widespread among Christians in general, was also deep-rooted in the flock of the Ethiopian Church. Several ideas of that kind occur in Ethiopic written sources. In particular, they appear in the treatise composed in Gəʿəz language probably around the 16th–17th centuries AD. This work bears a title Fəkkare Iyäsus (“The Explication of Jesus”) and is dedicated to the last days of the World. Eschatological ideas about the appearance of a righteous King from the Orient became popular among the Ethiopian Christians and are well attested in royal chronicles. Chiliastic aspirations were prevalent during the period of political disintegration in the late 18th – mid-19th centuries AD known as the “Epoch of the Judges”. The strong expectation for a graceful and powerful reign encouraged some clergymen to make prophecies. This tendency was manifested in the Ethiopian royal historiography and especially in royal onomastics.
Introduction: The Archaeology of Jesuit Sites in the Americas
Authors: Lenik Stephan T. , Masur Laura E.
Published: April 2021

The archaeological record of Jesuit sites in the Americas preserves an essential resource for the study of daily life among individuals in the Jesuit sphere of influence. The full potential of an archaeological synthesis of these sites has yet to be realized, since systematic excavations have occurred at only a relatively small number of Jesuit sites in the American continents and the Caribbean. This essay serves to introduce a collection of five archaeological case studies and a conclusion, which show how archaeology complements the written histories of Jesuits from Nasca to New France. These case studies address several major themes, including the definition of mission sites, scales of analysis, the nature of missionary “success,” and overcoming historical silences. In particular, they articulate the influence of Jesuit missionaries on the material worlds of numerous cosmopolitan communities of colonists, enslaved Africans, and American Indians.
“The Jesuit mission proves we were here”: The Case of Eighteenth-Century Jesuit Missions Aiding Twenty-First Century Tribal Recognition
Authors: Beaupré Andrew R.
Published: April 2021

Records indicate that during the French colonial period, Jesuits established four mission congregations within the territory now known as Vermont. These missions were established to preach to both French colonists and Native converts on Isle La Motte, on the Missisquoi River in Swanton, at Fort Saint-Frédéric on Lake Champlain, and in the area known as the Koas on the Connecticut River. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, the Abenaki peoples of Vermont have had a long and difficult road to gain state and federal recognition. These descendant communities have invoked the existence of Jesuit missions to the Abenaki as proof of the current tribal governments’ legitimacy. This is intriguing considering the blame for cultural destruction is often laid at the feet of Jesuit missionaries. This paper examines the relationship between historical and archaeological evidence of French Jesuits and the legal legitimization of the Abenaki of Vermont.
The Pneumatology of Watchman Nee: A New Testament Perspective
Authors: Hui Archie
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the pneumatology of Watchman Nee and the five questions raised by it. First, does the NT distinguish between being ‘filled with the Holy Spirit’ and being ‘full of the Holy Spirit’ in terms of duration (shorter versus longer period of time) and function (power for ministry versus spiritual maturity and life)? Second, does the NT distinguish between the outpoured Spirit (the Spirit coming ‘upon’ a person) and the indwelling Spirit (the Spirit entering ‘into’ and dwelling ‘in’ a person)? Third, does the NT more or less equate baptism in the Holy Spirit with being ‘filled with the Holy Spirit’? Fourth, are there two comings of the Holy Spirit, one at Easter (John 20:22) and the other at Pentecost (Acts 2:1-42)? Fifth, does the NT distinguish the Spirit as an influence (giving converts new life) and the Spirit as a person (enabling believers to enter into a deeper and more Spirit-filled life)? The article concludes that while there are indeed differences between the various phrases, they are not of the kind specified by Nee. More importantly, there are not two comings of the Spirit in the NT.
What it Means to be an Evangelical Today – An Antipodean Perspective Part Two
Authors: Hitchen John M.
Published: April 2021

In the second part of this article the author summarises what he sees as the core beliefs of evangelicalism and their significance for the movement, and thenconsidrs how we are to engage with the changed context in which we live, characterised as it is by the demise of Christendom, the rise of post-modernity and the post-Christian nature of society.
Islam, personhood and … where is God in all this?
Authors: Riddell Peter
Published: April 2021

This article engages with a tension within Islam since the faith’s early history surrounding hermeneutical approaches to sacred text. It presents diverse views held by scriptural literalists and rationalists as they relate to the over-riding theme of personhood. Key Islamic writers from both classical and modern periods are consulted to illustrate some of the debates which have taken place around notions such as self, sin, free will, cloning, abortion and attitudes towards Judaism.
Did evangelicalism predate the eighteenth century?
Authors: Stewart Kenneth J.
Published: April 2021

Dr. David Bebbington’s remarkable volume, Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s, was recognized from its 1989 publication as a work of massive research and winsome presentation. On both sides of the Atlantic, it has justly established its author as a primary interpreter of the Evangelical past. But the volume, in the process of chronicling Evangelical developments across 250 years, has circulated ideas which give pause. Chief among these is the viewpoint, repeatedly urged, that Evangelicalism only began to exist after the pivotal events of the 1730s which we recognize to have marked the onset of an extended period of awakening. While the book certainly allowed that there were movements and individuals inside and outside Britain which served as precursors to Evangelicalism’s emergence, it denies that Evangelicalism itself has a pedigree older than the early eighteenth century. The author of the article has observed the rapid dissemination of this thesis since 1989 and some of the uses to which it is being put. He cautions that we should not concede – as something incontestable – that Evangelicalism had no existence before 1730. If we concede this without more compelling reasons than are put forward in Evangelicalism in Modern Britain we will have prematurely consented to the view that Evangelicalism is merely the child of one era or epoch.
A statue, a fiery furnace and a dismal swamp: a reflection on some issues in biblical hermeneutics
Authors: Lucas Ernest C.
Published: April 2021

A discussion of the history of interpretation of three passages in Daniel (3:17; 2:31-45; 9:24-27) is used as the basis for some initial reflections on how it is possible to accept a ‘hermeneutic of unfolding’ which involves the participation of the reader while maintaining that a text has an inherent meaning. It is suggested that a distinction can be made between this ‘meaning’ and the differing ‘significances’ that a text may have for particular readers. Michael Polanyi’s ‘post-critical’ philosophy of knowledge, which involves the personal participation of the knower in the act of understanding, is outlined briefly. It is argued that his concepts of ‘tacit knowledge’, ‘indwelling’ and ‘imaginative sympathy’, and the roles they play in gaining knowledge, provide support for the approach to a hermeneutic of unfolding proposed earlier in the paper.
Christian baptism: where do we go from here?
Authors: Wright David F.
Published: April 2021

Today paedobaptists increasingly recognize faith-baptism as the norm of Christian baptism, both in theology and in practice. Equally Baptists must recognize how minimal and rare were challenges to infant baptism prior to the Reformation. What is needed now is a programme of joint Bible study involving participants who start from different baptismal positions. This might lead to greater support for the ‘dual-practice’ or ‘reconciled diversity’ approach which acknowledges believers’ and infant baptism as ‘equivalent alternatives’. But failure to reach agreement must not lead to the relegation of baptism to an unimportant issue. More important than reaching agreement on infant baptism is to grant baptism the decisive place that it has in apostolic Christianity.
Jerusalem: the Christian perspective
Authors: Nazir-Ali Michael
Published: April 2021

Jerusalem has been settled, invaded, destroyed and resettled by people from many different ethnic and religious backgrounds over the centuries. In particular, both Jews and Arabs have strong historical claims to it. The Anglican church favours an open and inclusive city, with access for people of all faiths.
‘Let there be no compulsion in religion’
Authors: Munster Anna
Published: April 2021

This paper is a comparative analysis of tafsir (commentaries) of the Qur’anic verse 2:256, as given by the following Muslim theologians: a dogmatic commentator Zamakhshari, a tradition-based commentator Ibn Kathir, modern commentators Qutb and Mawdudi, and a Shia commentator at-Tabataba’i. This chronological survey of commentators of different eras and outlooks aims to illuminate the differences in their approaches. While Ibn Kathir employs classical hermeneutical tools, some (Zamakhshari, Mawdudi and Qutb) express their own opinion on the matter, and At-Tabataba’i utilises both methods. Verse 2:256 is best known for its first part: ‘Let there be no compulsion in religion.’ The comparative analysis shows that these particular commentators apply the verse only to the ‘People of the Book.’ Though they do not opt for the abrogation of this verse by the later jihad verses, some (Qutb and At-Tabataba’i) appear to see a direct link between this verse and the endorsement of jihad.
Nomenclatural notes and typification of three Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae) names described from the Himalayas

Authors: ERST ANDREY S. , BOLTENKOV EUGENY V. , PENDRY COLIN , WANG WEI
Published: April 2021

As part of the ongoing revision of the Himalayas species of Aquilegia (Ranunculaceae), three names applicable to three accepted species are typified, and some nomenclatural and taxonomic remarks are provided. Lectotypes are designated for A. glauca (a taxonomic synonym of A. fragrans) and A. vulgaris subsp. nivalis (a nomenclatural synonym of A. nivalis). Epitypes for A. fragrans and A. glauca were also designated in order to avoid any ambiguity in the taxonomic interpretation of the lectotypes and hence the application of the names.
The genus Odontepyris Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from China
Authors: WANG CHUNG-HONG , HE JUN-HUA , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: April 2021

Ten new species of Odontepyris Kieffer from China are described and illustrated: O. angustus sp. nov., O. ecarinatus sp. nov., O. eminens sp. nov., O. flavipedis sp. nov., O. hirtus sp. nov., O. latifrontalis sp. nov., O. occiputalis sp. nov., O. xiaoi sp. nov., O. xui sp. nov., and O. yunnanensis sp. nov.. A key to the known Chinese species is provided.
Notes on some Tanzanian butterfly specimens in the Suffert Collection:
a case of patria falsa
Authors: TAKANO HITOSHI , LÁSZLÓ GYULA M. , COLLINS STEVE C.
Published: April 2021

A number of mislabelled butterfly specimens in the Suffert collection purporting to be from Lindi in southeast Tanzania belong to taxa restricted to the Usambara Mountains in northeast Tanzania thus suggesting patria falsa. The history of Suffert’s collection and the possible reasons behind this mislabelling event are discussed in more detail. One of the mislabelled specimens, the holotype of Papilio illyris hamatus Joicey & Talbot, 1918 described from Tanzania, is the senior name for Graphium illyris girardeaui Guilbot & Plantrou, 1978, the latter name formally synonymised herein with the former. A brief biography of the little-known Ernst Suffert is presented.
Towards an Understanding of the Structure of Jupiter’s Atmosphere using the Ammonia Distribution and the Transformed Eulerian Mean Theory
Authors: Lee Sukyoung , Kaspi Yohai
Published: April 2021

The structure and stability of Jupiter’s atmosphere is analyzed using transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) theory. Utilizing the ammonia distribution derived from microwave radiometer measurements of the Juno orbiter, the latitudinal and vertical distribution of the vertical velocity in the interior of Jupiter’s atmosphere is inferred. The resulting overturning circulation is then interpreted in the TEM framework to offer speculation of the vertical and meridional temperature distribution. In the extratropics, the analyzed vertical velocity field shows Ferrel-cell-like patterns associated with each of the jets. A scaling analysis of the TEM overturning circulation equation suggests that in order for the Ferrel-cell-like patterns to be visible in the ammonia distribution, the static stability of Jupiter’s weather layer should be on the order of 1 × 10−2 s−1. In the tropics, the ammonia distribution suggests strong upward motion which is reminiscent of the rising branch of the Hadley cell where the static stability is weaker. Taken together, the analysis suggests that the temperature lapse rate in the extratropics is markedly greater than that in the tropics. Because the cloud top temperature is nearly uniform across all latitudes, the analysis suggests that in the interior of the weather layer, there could exist a temperature gradient between the tropical and extratropical regions.
Shakespeare and the new discourses of television: quality, aesthetics, and The Hollow Crown
Authors: Wray Ramona
Published: April 2021

This article discusses The Hollow Crown (2012, 2016) adaptations of William Shakespeare’s histories in the light of broader changes that have overtaken television. Contextualising the series in terms of technical, industrial, cultural, and critical transformations, the article highlights the Shakespearean significance of debates in television studies around quality, complexity, and aesthetics. To illustrate this thesis, the article analyses the opening of Richard II (dir. Rupert Goold, 2012), unpacking the ways in which the first 60 seconds merge markers of prestige with a distinctive cinematic style and a dense imagistic and acoustic register in order to achieve narrative intricacy and poetic responsiveness.
Shrinking lung syndrome in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Torres Jimenez Alfonso Ragnar , Ruiz Vela Nayma , Cespedes Cruz Adriana Ivonne , Velazquez Cruz Alejandra , Bernardino Gonzalez Alma Karina
Published: April 2021

Shrinking Lung Syndrome (SLS) is a rare and little known complication associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), characterized by progressive and unexplainable dyspnea, pleuritic pain, small pulmonary volumes and elevation of the diaphragm on chest X-rays as well as restrictive pattern on pulmonary function tests.

Objective

To describe clinical, radiological and treatment characteristics in pediatric patients with SLS.

Material and methods

This is a descriptive and retrospective study in patients under 16 years old with the diagnosis of SLE complicated by SLS at the General Hospital. National Medical Center La Raza. Clinical, radiological and treatment variables were analyzed. Results are shown in frequencies and percentages.

Results

Data from 11 patients, 9 females and 2 males were collected. Mean age at diagnosis of SLS was 12.2 years. Age at diagnosis of SLE was 11.1 years. SLEDAI 17.3. Renal desease 72%, hematological 91%, lymphopenia 63%, mucocutaneous 72%, neurological 9%, arthritis 54%, serositis 91%, fever 81%, secondary antiphospholipid syndrome, low C3 72%, low C4 81%, positive ANA 91%, positive anti-DNA 91%. Regarding clinical manifestations of SLE: cough 81%, dyspnea 91%, hipoxemia 81%, pleuritic pain 71%, average oxygen saturation 83%. Chest X-rays findings: right hemidiaphragm affection 18%, left 63%, bilateral 18%. Elevated hemidiaphragm 91%, atelectasis 18%, pleural effusion 91%, over one third of the cardiac silhouette under the diphragm 36%, bulging diaphragm 45%, 5th. anterior rib that crosses over the diaphragm 91%. M-mode ultrasound: diaphragmatic hypomotility 100%, pleural effusion 63%. Pulmonary function tests: restrictive pattern in 45% of the cases. Treatment was with supplementary oxygen 100%, intubation 18%, antibiotics 100%, steroids 100%, intravenous immunoglobulin 54%, plasmapheresis 18%, cyclophosphamide 54% and rituximab 18%. The clinical course was favorable in 81%.

Conclusions

SLS should be suspected in patients with SLE and active disease who present hipoxemia, pleuritic pain, cough, dyspnea, pleural effusion and signs of restriction on chest X-rays. Therefore, a diaphragmatic M-mode ultrasound should be performed in order to establish the diagnosis.
Beyond the 2-Dimension Approach of Individualism–Collectivism: The 4-Dimension Approach of Individualism–Collectivism on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour
Authors: Lee Sang Bong , Liu Shih-Hao , Kim Seung H.
Published: April 2021

Capturing the effectiveness of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), authors have adopted the 2-dimension approach of individualism/collectivism to predict OCB in their studies on the OCB-individualism/collectivism relationship. However, given that employees undertake OCB toward different recipients in the workplace, a more refined approach of individualism/collectivism is required to predict OCB. To meet such a demand, the current study aimed to propose the 4-dimension approach of individualism/collectivism beyond the traditional 2-dimension approach of individualism/collectivism. The current study collected the data through an online survey and analysed the data using regression. The analysis revealed that vertical individualism is related to OCB toward the organization and the supervisor but not towards coworkers, while horizontal individualism is not related to OCB toward any of those recipients. Also, the current study found that horizontal collectivism is related to OCB toward the organization, the supervisor, coworkers, but vertical collectivism is not related to OCB toward any of those recipients. To predict the different effects of each dimension of individualism/collectivism on OCB, the current study proposed the theory-based nomological network for individualism/collectivisms-OCB relationship by incorporating cultural values with other theories including identity orientation, motives for OCB and the multifoci approach of OCB.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Cancer-Testis Antigen PRAME
Authors: Lezcano Cecilia , Müller Annette M. , Frosina Denise , Hernandez Enmily , Geronimo Jerica A. , Busam Klaus J. , Jungbluth Achim A.
Published: April 2021

Cancer-testis (CT) antigens were identified by their ability to elicit T- or B-cell immune responses in the autologous host. They are typically expressed in a wide variety of neoplasms and in normal adult tissues are restricted to testicular germ cells. PReferentially expressed Antigen of Melanoma (PRAME) is a member of the family of nonclassical CT antigens being expressed in a few other normal tissues besides testis. Interestingly, knowledge about the protein expression of many CT antigens is still incomplete due to the limited availability of reagents for their immunohistochemical detection. Here, we tested several commercially available serological reagents and identified a monoclonal antibody suitable for the immunohistochemical detection of PRAME in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. We also tested a wide array of normal and neoplastic tissues. PRAME protein expression in normal tissues is congruent with original molecular data being present in the testis, and at low levels in the endometrium, adrenal cortex, and adult as well as fetal ovary. In tumors, there is diffuse PRAME immunoreactivity in most metastatic melanomas, myxoid liposarcomas, and synovial sarcomas. Other neoplasms such as seminomas and carcinomas of various origins including endometrial, serous ovarian, mammary ductal, lung, and renal showed an intermediate proportion of cases and variable extent of tumor cells positive for PRAME protein expression. As seen with other CT antigens, hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma, Leydig cell tumors, mesothelioma, and leiomyosarcoma are poor expressers of PRAME.
Clinicopathological Follow-up of Breast DCIS Diagnosed on Biopsies: A Single Institutional Study of 575 Patients
Authors: Yan Mingfei , Bomeisl Phillip , Gilmore Hannah , Harbhajanka Aparna
Published: April 2021

Stratifying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients into different upgrading risk groups is important in exploiting more precise therapeutic options. Evaluation of estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ER/PR/HER2) status and axillary lymph node metastatic status for DCIS and their upgraded invasive counterparts can also provide diagnostic and therapeutic implications. We retrospectively studied 575 patients with first-time diagnosis of DCIS on biopsies, and followed up their final diagnosis, ER/PR/HER2 status, and axillary lymph node involvement on excisions. As a result, biopsy-diagnosed DCIS had an overall 19.1% risk to be upgraded on subsequent excisions, with 4.7% being upgraded to microinvasive carcinoma (pT1mi) and 14.4% to overt invasive carcinoma (⩾pT1a). Factors significantly associated with higher upgrading risk on multivariate analysis include biopsy guidance by ultrasound ( P <.001), DCIS with suspicious microinvasion ( P < .001), and DCIS diagnosed in left breast ( P = .026). DCIS diagnosed in younger patients (⩽40 years old) or DCIS with high nuclear grade showed higher upgrading risk only on univariate analysis. About 80% ER + /PR + and ER−/PR− DCIS remained the same ER/PR status after being upgraded, and ER + /PR −  DCIS had the highest risk (63.6%) of having HER2 amplification in upgraded invasive carcinoma. For upgraded DCIS, microinvasive carcinoma was more likely to have HER2 amplification (50%) than overt invasive carcinoma (29.5%). Besides, pure DCIS had a low risk of axillary lymph node macrometastasis (0.74%), while the risk increased in DCIS with microinvasion (4.4%) and was highest in overt invasive carcinoma (14.7%). The findings of this study are clinically relevant with respect to criteria that might be used in selecting patients for de-escalation trials.
Sutureless dehydrated amniotic membrane for persistent epithelial defects
Authors: Mimouni Michael , Trinh Tanya , Sorkin Nir , Cohen Eyal , Santaella Gisella , Rootman David S , Slomovic Allan R , Chan Clara C
Published: April 2021

Purpose:

To report outcomes of a sutureless dehydrated amniotic membrane for persistent epithelial defects (PED).

Methods:

This retrospective study included consecutive patients with a PED (⩾14 days) treated with a sutureless dehydrated amniotic membrane and bandage contact lens (BCL). Included were patients with an epithelial defect that did not respond to treatment with a BCL. Excluded were patients with a follow-up time of less than 3 months.

Results:

Nine eyes of eight patients with a mean age of 54.6 ± 10.9 years (range 38–73 years) were included in this study. The main etiology of the PED was limbal stem cell deficiency ( n = 5/9) due to Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ( n = 2/5), glaucoma procedures ( n = 1/5), graft-versus-host disease ( n = 1/5) and severe allergic reaction ( n = 1/5). Additional etiologies included neurotrophic cornea ( n = 2/9), post keratoplasty and severe dry eye disease ( n = 2/9). Time from PED presentation to amnion treatment was 65.9 ± 60.6 days (range 15–189 days) with the area of the PED being 11.0 ± 12.2 mm2 (range 1.0–36.0 mm2). The amnion was absorbed within 2 weeks in 100% of the cases. Following insertion of the amnion, resolution of the PED was achieved in 8/9 eyes (89%) without the need for additional interventions within 17.8 ± 9.6 days (range 7–35 days). LogMAR BCVA improved from 0.94 ± 0.88 to 0.37 ± 0.25 ( p = 0.036) with no complications or recurrences recorded.

Conclusions:

Sutureless dehydrated amniotic membrane achieved resolution of PEDs secondary to various etiologies in 89% of eyes with a significant improvement in vision demonstrated. Further studies are needed to assess long term safety and effectiveness.
The role of impulsivity, social relations online and offline, and compulsive Internet use in cyberaggression: A four-country study
Authors: Zych Izabela , Kaakinen Markus , Savolainen Iina , Sirola Anu , Paek Hye-Jin , Oksanen Atte
Published: April 2021

Cyberaggression is a harmful behavior, but cross-national studies on cyberaggression including relations among its individual and social predictors are limited. This study aimed to discover the direct and indirect relations among individual and social predictors of cyberaggression in socio-demographically balanced survey data set of 4816 15–25-year-old participants from Finland ( n = 1200, 50.0% female), South Korea ( n = 1192, 50.34% female), Spain ( n = 1212, 48.76% female), and the United States ( n = 1212, 50.17% female). Both, impulsivity and involvement in online cliques (i.e., identity bubbles) were related to more cyberaggression in the four countries. The relation between impulsivity and cyberaggression was partially mediated by compulsive Internet use in Finland, Spain, and the United States, but not in South Korea. The relation between identity bubble involvement and cyberaggression was mediated via compulsive Internet use only in the Spanish sample. Findings of this study can be used for policy and practice against cyberaggression.
Being a Chinese Passenger: Practicing Quality and Civilization on the Rail
Authors: Brady Dylan
Published: April 2021

This article examines how everyday practices materialize abstract discourses of social “quality” within the spaces of the Chinese rail system. Rail travel remains a primary mode of transportation in China, competitive on cost and comfort—though not at the same time. This article brings together geographies of skill and mobility to examine how the skilled practice of rail travel produces high and low “quality” bodies and spaces within the rail network. Drawing on Ingold’s “dwelling perspective” to shed light on how movement creates cultural landscape at the national scale, I argue that the growing socio-economic gap within China has led to the emergence of distinct and incompatible traveling practices within the rail ridership. The conflict between a “lacking” ridership relying on mutual tolerance and a “quality” ridership prioritizing self-containment been resolved by the construction of high-speed rail as a separate network, segregating “high” and “low” quality riderships while still serving both.
Ecofriendly development of electrospun antibacterial membranes loaded with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Uddin Zia , Ahmad Faheem , Rasheed Abher , Qadir Muhammad Bilal , Ahmad Sheraz , Aykut Yakup , Nazir Ahsan
Published: April 2021

Functional polymeric membranes with antibacterial properties have gained significant importance in many applications. Silver NPs offer advantage over other materials for their effective antibacterial properties and being safer for humans at low concentrations. The synthesis of silver NPs may not always be environmental friendly and their incorporation in the polymer membranes is usually a multistep process. In this study, PVDF/PVP/AgNPs electrospun membranes were developed in a single step process where silver NPs were synthesized using reducing and stabilizing properties of PVP. The UV-vis spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of silver NPs in PVP solution by sharp absorption peak at 398 nm. The membranes were loaded with various concentrations of silver NPs (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 wt%). The scanning electron microscopy of the developed membranes showed nano fibers of uniform diameter at optimized electrospinning conditions. FTIR spectroscopy also confirmed the successful development of polymeric composite (PVDF/PVP/AgNPs) membranes. The composite membranes demonstrated effective antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus in disk diffusion test. The size of the inhibition halo increased with the concentration of the silver NPs in electrospun membranes. The findings of this study will be helpful in the simple and environmentally friendly development of antibacterial membranes for applications such as air and water filtration.
Web-based Medical Education During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Step Back or a Leap to the Future?
Authors: Eleftheriou Anna , Rokou Aikaterini , Argyriou Christos , Papanas Nikolaos , Georgiadis George S.
Published: April 2021

The impact of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) on medical education has been substantial. Medical students require considerable clinical exposure. However, due to the risk of COVID-19, the majority of medical schools globally have discontinued their normal activities. The strengths of virtual teaching now include a variety of web-based resources. New interactive forms of virtual teaching are being developed to enable students to interact with patients from their homes. Conversely, students have received decreased clinical training in certain medical and surgical specialities, which may, in turn, reduce their performance, confidence, and abilities as future physicians. We sought to analyze the effect of telemedicine on the quality of medical education in this new emerging era and highlight the benefits and drawbacks of web-based medical training in building up future physicians. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unparalleled challenge to medical schools, which are aiming to deliver quality education to students virtually, balancing between evidence-based and experience-based medicine.
Lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robot: A review
Authors: Zhou Jinman , Yang Shuo , Xue Qiang
Published: April 2021

Lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robots (LLRERs) play a positive role in lower limb rehabilitation and assistance for patients with lower limb disorders, and they are helpful to improve patients’ physical status. More and more experiments pay more attention to the kinematic and dynamic data characteristics of different patient groups. However, it is not clear whether these devices have broad adaptability and their clinical significance, so it is necessary to summarize and analyze these research results. This paper summarizes the LLRERs prototype and product in recent years, also compares the advantages and disadvantages of the theory and technology used in these research, and compares the functional characteristics of the devices, finally summarizes the aspects of the LLRERs to be improved. These devices apply advanced theories, techniques or structures, as well as human kinematics and dynamics data. However, due to the complexity of human body characteristics and movement rules, the theory or technology applied in the study design of LLRERs remains to be further studied, which can be improved in many aspects, such as improve the human-computer cooperation of equipment or carry out clinical trials. This paper can provide reference for researchers and designers in the future study, as well as understanding and selecting LLRERs for all kinds of therapist and patients.
School leadership in Indonesia: A systematic literature review
Authors: Lumban Gaol Nasib Tua
Published: April 2021

This paper reviews systematically literature on school leadership in the context of Indonesian education from 2004 to 2019. Its purpose is to investigate major issues which exist in the school leadership practices in Indonesia and propose some sustainable solutions so that educational policymakers, stakeholders and scholars can improve their awareness and knowledge of school leadership. Eight core international EDLM (educational leadership and management) journals were used as the source of the literature. Additionally, a high-quality journal with the indexation of Scopus and Social Sciences Citation Index, Asia Pacific Journal of Education (APJE), was included. The literature search yielded 16 articles that were reviewed. This study reports several crucial issues that need to have serious attention paid to them, including a lack of capacity to lead and manage schools, insufficiency of published studies, and the inappropriateness of principal selection processes. The suggested solutions for these problems consist of developing principal training centres in all the provinces of Indonesia, conducting more collaboration with overseas scholars, and improving principal selection procedures. Contributions for theory, practices and further study are provided.
Oxidized mitochondrial DNA released after inflammasome activation is a disease biomarker for myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Ward Grace A. , McGraw Kathy L. , Abbas-Aghababazadeh Farnoosh , Meyer Benjamin S. , McLemore Amy F. , Vincelette Nicole D. , Lam Nghi B. , Aldrich Amy L. , Al Ali Najla H. , Padron Eric , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier , Masala Erico , Santini Valeria , Kosmider Olivier , Fontenay Michaela , Fenaux Pierre , Johnson Joseph , Fridley Brooke L. , List Alan F.
Published: April 2021

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous hematopoietic stem cell malignancies that can phenotypically resemble other hematologic disorders. Thus, tools that may add to current diagnostic practices could aid in disease discrimination. Constitutive innate immune activation is a pathogenetic driver of ineffective hematopoiesis in MDS through Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)–inflammasome-induced pyroptotic cell death. Oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) is released upon cytolysis, acts as a danger signal, and triggers inflammasome oligomerization via DNA sensors. By using immortalized bone marrow cells from murine models of common MDS somatic gene mutations and MDS primary samples, we demonstrate that ox-mtDNA is released upon pyroptosis. ox-mtDNA was significantly increased in MDS peripheral blood (PB) plasma compared with the plasma of healthy donors, and it was significantly higher in lower-risk MDS vs higher-risk MDS, consistent with the greater pyroptotic cell fraction in lower-risk patients. Furthermore, ox-mtDNA was significantly higher in MDS PB plasma compared with all other hematologic malignancies studied, with the exception of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Receiver operating characteristic/area under the curve (ROC/AUC) analysis demonstrated that ox-mtDNA is a sensitive and specific biomarker for patients with MDS compared with healthy donors (AUC, 0.964), other hematologic malignancies excluding CLL (AUC, 0.893), and reactive conditions (AUC, 0.940). ox-mtDNA positively and significantly correlated with levels of known alarmins S100A9, S100A8, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain (CARD) specks, which provide an index of medullary pyroptosis. Collectively, these data indicate that quantifiable ox-mtDNA released into the extracellular space upon inflammasome activation serves as a biomarker for MDS and the magnitude of pyroptotic cell death.
Infected open depressed skull fracture complicated with tetanus grade I in an unimmunized child: a rare case report with literature review
Authors: Hakim Dzulfikar D. L. , Faried Ahmad , Nurhadiya Adila , Laymena Ericko H. , Arifin Muhammad Z. , Imron Akhmad , Abdulrachman Iwan
Published: April 2021

Background

Tetanus is a rare disease caused by Clostridium tetani, which produces tetanolysin and tetanospasmin. In 2018, there were only approximately ten tetanus cases reported in Indonesia. Despite widespread vaccination, especially in low–middle-income countries, tetanus still occurs (mostly in adults) due to the lack of immunization related to religious tenets, cultural belief, or inaccessibility to medical care. In addition, tetanus in the pediatric population shows features which are quite distinct from the adult group.

Case presentation

We report a case of a 7-year-old girl presented to our institution with a history of falling 10 days prior to admission, with only skin laceration on her forehead. For 1 day prior to admission, the patient looked drowsy and difficult to be awakened, accompanied with stiffness of her jaw; we diagnosed her as an unimmunized child with an open depressed skull fracture of her frontal bone and wound infection complicated with “lockjaw.” Perioperative management of this rare case is reported and discussed.

Conclusion

The pediatric intensive care of such patients requires halting further toxin production, neutralization of circulating toxin, and control of the clinical manifestation induced by the toxin that has already gained access to the central nervous system. The basic tenets of anesthetic care in such case must be well-managed and planned prior to surgery.
Fournier’s gangrene: a retrospective review of management outcomes and seasonal variations of clinical presentation
Authors: Nnabugwu Ikenna I. , Onumaegbu Okechukwu O. , Okolie Louis T.
Published: April 2021

Background

To review retrospectively the outcomes of management of Fournier’s gangrene (FG) and to assess for possible seasonal variations in clinical presentations of FG to a referral hospital in a tropical African country.

Methods

The medical records of patients who presented with FG from February 2012 to December 2019 were reviewed. Of interest were age of patient, vital signs at presentation, site of gangrene, duration of hospital admission, and management interventions deployed. Analysis was with SPSS® version 21.

Results

Twenty-three of 28 medical records could be analyzed. Median Fournier’s Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI) was 5 (IQR:3–10), the median Uludag-FGSI (UFGSI) was 7 (IQR:4–14). In 82.6%, the scrotum was the site of onset; in 8.7%, the lesion had spread beyond the pelvis. Diabetes mellitus (30.4%), HIV infection (13.0%) and nephropathy (17.4%) were identified co-morbidities. There were 2.4 ± 1.0 debridement sessions and 1.5 ± 1.3 transfused units of blood per patient. In 60.9%, the wound edges were undermined and apposed; in 17.4%, split skin grafting or fascio-cutaneous flap cover was deployed. In 17.4%, satisfactory wound closure needed more than 1 theater session. Mean duration of hospital admission was 51.4 ± 19.4 days. No mortality was recorded.

Majority (91.2%) presented in hot, dry months of October through March with peak in December. No case presented in the wet months of May through September.

Conclusion

Meager resources notwithstanding, FG management outcomes are generally satisfactory. Furthermore, FG is observed to present mostly in the hot, dry months of the year in the 8 years under review.
Analysis of risk factors for unplanned reoperation following primary repair of gastrointestinal disorders in neonates
Authors: Cui Yu , Cao Rong , Li Jia , Deng Ling-mei
Published: April 2021

Background

The aim of our study was to identify the factors associated with unplanned reoperations among neonates who had undergone primary repair of gastrointestinal disorders.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted for neonates who underwent primary gastrointestinal surgery between July 2018 and September 2020. The neonates were divided into two cohort, depending on whether they had an unplanned reoperation. The primary outcome was the occurrence of unplanned reoperation. The risk factors that associated the occurrence of unplanned reoperation were examined.

Main results

Two hundred ninety-six neonates fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The incidence of unplanned reoperation was 9.8%. Analyses of all patients with respect of developing unplanned reoperation showed that the length of operative time was an independent risk factor [Odds Ratio 1.02; 95% confidence interval 1.00, 1.04; p = 0.03]. Patients with unplanned reoperation had a longer postoperative hospital length-of-stay [19.9 ± 14.7 vs. 44.1 ± 32.1 days; p<0.01].

Conclusion

The current study is the first analysis of risk factors associated with an unplanned reoperation in neonates undergoing primary repair of gastrointestinal disorders. The length of operative time is the only risk factor for an unplanned reoperation, and the unplanned reoperation can directly prolong the postoperative hospital length-of-stay.

Trial registration

This study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx with No. ChiCTR2000040260.
Lifestyle habits of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Cyprus: evidence from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kolokotroni Ourania , Mosquera Maria C. , Quattrocchi Annalisa , Heraclides Alexandros , Demetriou Christiana , Philippou Elena
Published: April 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread adoption of virus control measures have inevitably disrupted efforts to address lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCD). This study aimed to explore the effects of COVID-19 lockdown on all lifestyle medicine pillars, namely diet, physical activity, sleep, stress, social support and use of risky substances.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study on a convenient sample of adults who resided in Cyprus during the Spring 2020 lockdown. Participants completed an anonymous online questionnaire comprised of six validated tools regarding the following lifestyle behaviours before and during lockdown: adherence to the Mediterranean diet, physical activity, stress and social support levels, sleep pattern and use of risky substances such as smoking and alcohol. Paired before and during lockdown comparisons for each lifestyle pillar were undertaken using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and Bowker symmetry Test where response was numerical (non-parametric data) and categorical respectively. Furthermore, stratified analyses for sociodemographic characteristics were performed.

Results

Out of 745 participants, 74% were female and median age was 39 years. Overall participants reported significantly higher perceived stress score (22 v 25,p <  0.01), lower social support score (71 v 68,p <  0.001), and worse sleep quality score (4 v 5,p <  0.01) during lockdown. Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence was moderate and increased significantly only in those practicing religious fasting (score of 6 v 7,p <  0.01). Total minutes spent sitting increased (120 v 180,p <  0.01) although overall physical activity score did not significantly change. Smoking intensity increased during lockdown whilst frequency of alcohol consumption decreased (ptrend = 0.03 and <  0.01, respectively).

Conclusion

Various lifestyle factors were adversely affected by the COVID-19 lockdown in Cyprus. Evidence from this study supports development of holistic lifestyle interventions during and following the pandemic to reduce short and long-term NCD risks by building on lifestyle behaviour strengths and addressing longstanding and emerging gaps and needs.
The relationships of both transition shock, empathy, resilience and coping strategies with professional quality of life in newly graduated nurses
Authors: Cao Xiaoyi , Li Jin , Gong Shu
Published: April 2021

Background

Data on professional quality of life in newly graduated nurses are scarce. This study aimed to describe the levels of professional quality of life, and to explore the relationships of transition shock, empathy, resilience and coping strategies with professional quality of life in newly graduated nurses.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study, which used a two-stage sampling method to recruit 393 newly graduated nurses in Sichuan province of China. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the effects of transition shock, empathy, resilience and coping strategies on professional quality of life. Data were collected using standardized scales.

Results

The prevalence of average levels of compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress in newly graduated nurses were 80.2, 38.2 and 57.5%, respectively. Transition shock was a significant negative predictor, and empathy, resilience and adaptive coping were significant positive predictors for compassion satisfaction. Transition shock and passive coping were significant positive predictors, and empathy was a significant negative predictor for burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Resilience and adaptive coping contributed to burnout significantly and negatively.

Conclusion

Higher transition shock and lower empathy cause lower compassion satisfaction and higher compassion fatigue. More resilience and adaptive coping cause more compassion satisfaction and less burnout. More passive coping contributes to higher compassion fatigue. Strategies such as transition or preceptorship programmes, and empathy, resilience and coping training are effective methods to reduce transition shock, facilitate empathy, resilience and coping, and consequently, enhance professional quality of life in newly graduated nurses.