bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cadaveric study of first dorsal extensor compartment in Africans: Clinical implications
Authors: Mofikoya Bolaji Oyawale , Ugburo Andrew Omotayo , Belie Orimisan
Published: December 2022

While several reports have been made regarding the anatomic variations in the first dorsal extensor compartment, very few have emanated from Africa.  This study looked at this compartment with respect to variations in the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the enclosed tendons. The first dorsal  extensor compartment of the hand was studied in 32 formalin preserved adult African cadavers. The superficial branch of the radial nerve emerged from  underneath the brachioradialis 8.4cm(sd±2.2cm) proximal to the radial styloid and branched 6.2cm (sd ±1.5cm) proximal to it as well. This nerve along  with the cephalic vein or its tributary transversed part of the compartment in all the hands. A double Extensor pollicis longus was found in one hand.  Septations were observed in 31.3 %(n=10) of the hands. Abductor pollicis longus tendon was fused in three hands, and had more than one slip in 94% of  the hands. A single extensor pollicis brevis tendon was found all dissected hands. Clinical implications of these findings are highlighted in this work.
Comparative cytoarchitecture of the midbrain colliculi of defined age groups in the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus)
Authors: Ibe Chikera S. , Ogbonnaya Obioma , Onwuama Kenechukwu T. , Ikpegbu Ekele
Published: December 2022

Background: The rostral and caudal colliculi of mammalian midbrain are pivotal to vision and audition, respectively. Cytoarchitecture of these midbrain  colliculi in neonate, juvenile and adult African giant pouched rats is dearth.

Objective: This study compared the histology of the nuclei, neurons and  laminations of the colliculi in these age groups.

Methods: Thirty-six captive African giant pouched rats consisting of twelve neonates, juveniles and adults were used. Thickness of the histologic layers of  the rostral colliculi and lengths of the central nucleus of the caudal colliculi were compared among the groups.

Results: the rostral colliculus  composed of an outermost stratum zonale, middle stratum griseum superficiale and innermost stratum griseum  profundus; migratory immature neurons of radial glial cells were observed in the stratum zonale of neonates, which disappeared in juveniles and adults;  the stratum griseum superficiale of neonates was characterized of already formed neurites, similar to those of the juveniles and adults. However, this  layer in adults had more oligodendrocytes than in juveniles. There was significant increase in thickness of the stratum griseum superficiale and stratum  griseum profundus, with increasing age (P < 0.05). The caudal colliculus contained a central nucleus, dorsal and lateral cortices, with significant increase  in the length of the central nucleus with increasing age (P < 0.05); there was transformation of fibre shaft in the lateral cortex of neonates into a mixture  of chain like and marshy matrix in the juveniles which completely disappeared in adults, indicative of mature lateral cortex in the later.

Conclusion: The adult African giant pouched rat may have the best auditory and visual senses, followed by juvenile. The neonate has the least acuity of  these senses.
Anatomical study of the internal carotid artery of the aulacode (Thryonomys swindérianus, Temminck 1827)
Authors: Broalet Maman You Espérance , Assi Abenin Samson , Ouattara Djibril , Tako Némé Antoine
Published: December 2022

The arterial circle at the base of the skull appears to be supplied only by the vertebrobasilar system. The anatomy of the internal carotid artery is not  known. The aim of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the anatomy of the arterial system of the aulacode. A total of twelve (12)  carotid arteries from six (6) grasscutters were injected with neoprene latex to study the origin, path, termination, collateral branches and brain irrigation  areas of the. internal carotid artery. Originating from the common carotid artery, the internal carotid arteries, right and left, flowed forward and out to  reach the lateral surfaces of the trachea. In the cervical region, they emitted three collateral branches, the posterior laryngeal artery, the artery of the  neck muscles, and the encephalic artery. These different arteries supplied the larynx, neck and brain, respectively. The encephalic arteries were either  single or double. The arteries of the neck muscles were dividing at their endings or not. The observation of the latex in the brain reflects the participation  of the internal carotid artery in the vascularization of the brain, or at least of anastomoses between its branches and those of the external carotid artery  or the vertebro-basilar system.
Changes in biochemical parameters during the solid-state fermentation of pineapple (Ananas comosus I. Merr) peels by Rhizopus oligosporus
Authors: Anigboro A.A. , Egbune E.O. , Akeghware O. , Ovowa F.O. , Anyanwu N.B. , Chebene C. , Ogbeyi C. , Tonukari N.J.
Published: December 2022

Enzymes production and other relevant biomolecules from environmental wastes could be easily enhanced or hindered by slight alterations in the bioprocess. In this study, the impact of pH variations on amylase production by Rhizopus oligosporus during the solid state fermentation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) peels was investigated. After five days of fermentation, the variations in glucose and soluble protein levels of the fermented pineapple peels were also investigated. The results established a notable increase (p<0.05) in the levels of soluble proteins and glucose in the fermented pineapple peels at all the pH values tested (pH 3 to 9); however, while they were highest at pH 3, amylase activity was highest at pH 6. This preliminary study shows that solid state fermented pineapple peels are rich in glucose, soluble proteins and amylase.
Efficiency of modified generalized imputation scheme for estimating population mean with known auxiliary information
Authors: Adejumobi A. , Audu A. , Yunusa M.A. , Singh R.V.K.
Published: December 2022

Different authors for estimating population mean have proposed several Imputation schemes. Recently, some authors have suggested generalized imputation schemes that their estimators are functions of unknown parameters of the study variable. These unknown parameters need to be estimated for the estimators to be applicable and this may require additional resources. This paper considered a class of imputation scheme that is independent of unknown parameter and the point estimator of the suggested scheme for estimating population mean was derived. The properties (bias and MSE) of an efficient estimators presented were derived up to first order approximation and also conditions for which the estimators of the proposed scheme is more efficient than other estimators of the existing schemes considered in the study were also examined. The result of the empirical study revealed that the suggested estimators are more efficient than the existing ones considered in the study.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of Schiff base complexes derived from Salicylaldehyde and amino acid (isoleucine)
Authors: Abdullahi B.L. , Siraj I.T.
Published: December 2022

Complexes of Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) with a Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and isoleucine were successfully synthesized. All complexes were distinctly colored and were characterized by molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, infrared and UV spectroscopy. Infrared spectroscopy shows the Schiff base ligand is coordinated to the central metal ion in a tridentate manner through the N-atom of the azomethine and two oxygen of the phenol and carboxylate. All complexes contain two ligands molecules per metal ion (ML2). An octahedral geometry is proposed for the metal complexes. Antimicrobial study of the complexes was undertaken against five pathogenic bacteria strains and two fungi, mucus species and Aspergillus fumigates. The result reveal that most of the complexes and particularly Co (II) and Zn (II) have a much enhanced activity against Staphyllococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Synthesis, antimicrobial activities of metal (ii) complexes from salicylaldehyde and valine Schiff base
Authors: Siraj I.T. , Abdullahi B.L.
Published: December 2022

Complexes formed from the interaction of Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) with Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and valine have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of melting point/decomposition temperature, solubility, molar conductance, UV spectroscopy and infrared spectral analysis. The Schiff base melted at a temperature of 208oC while the synthesized metal (II) complexes decomposed at a temperature range of 220-241°C. All the complexes were found to be soluble in water and DMSO but insoluble in acetonitrile, ether and hexane. Octahedral geometry around these metal ions has been proposed on the basis of magnetic and spectral studies. The synthesized Schiff base as well as the complexes were tested against the bacterial strains comprising Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia (Gram negative) and two fungal species; Aspergillus fumigatus and mucor species. A comparative study of inhibition values of the Schiff base and its complexes indicated that the complexes exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the free ligand.
Bioavailability of metals in the Funtua textile wastewater, north western Nigeria
Authors: Uba S. , Nwokem O.C. , Ikeh D.C. , Adeosun O.O. , Abel K. , Mikail A. , Nwagu L.N. , Rumah M.M
Published: December 2022

Textile wastewater pose a significant threat to surface water especially the water bodies closer to the textile industry locations. The study investigated the bioavailability of cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) in wastewater from ten sampling points including wastewater from point of effluent discharge in Funtua textile across Funtua region. The trends in the metal bioavailability (mg/L) among the fractions were; Zn Cu: total> mobile > dissolved > particulate; Pb: total> particulate > mobile> dissolved; Ni: total> particulate > dissolved> mobile; Cr: total > particulate > mobile > dissolved, respectively. All the concentrations of the metal ions were above the WHO (2006) and USEPA (2000) tolerable limits across the sites, with the exception of Co which was not detected in all the fractions. While lead and chromium was detected in S1, S2 and S1, S10, respectively. The order of the metals bioavailability was; total>mobile>dissolved>particulate, with more than 50% found in the bioavailable phase. Hence, the surface waters within the vicinity of the textile industry were greatly at risk of being polluted by these toxic metals and subsequently affecting the inhabitants who use the water for agricultural and other domestic activities untreated, through the food chain transfer. The health implications associated with the toxic metals include an irreversible damage to nervous system, gastric and intestinal disorder, heart disease, liver, brain damage, mental retardation and teratogenic effects.
Numerical investigation on energy conversion efficiency of lead-based perovskite solar cells using different transparent conductive oxides
Authors: Sani F. , Musa A.O.
Published: December 2022

Perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous attention owing to its rapid increase in power conversion efficiency. This work designed and simulated lead-based perovskite solar cells in planar structure; TCO/ TiO2/ CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au. To study the effect of various transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) on power conversion efficiency of the devices, Solar Capacitance (SCAP) simulating software was used. To achieve an optimum efficiency, the influence of thickness and band-gap energy of the absorber layer were varied and investigated. The optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) is achieved using MoO3/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au architecture with PCE of 22.44 % and Voc, Jsc, and FF of 1.0842 V, 25.57 mA/cm2 and 80.94 % respectively. The numerical simulation shows the potential of substituting the conventional FTO and ITO used in perovskite solar cells with MoO3 as a promising transparent conductive oxide layer.
Phytoremediation of heavy metals from landfill soil using Polyscias fruticosa
Authors: Durumin Iya N.I. , Assim Z.B. , Omorinoye O.A. , Asare E.A.
Published: December 2022

The presence of heavy metals in landfill soil by industrial or anthropogenic activities pose a risk to the environment and it is one of the major concerns. This study was to determine and evaluate the capability of Polyscias fruticosa in the phytoremediation of heavy metals from abandoned landfill soil. P. fruticosa was analysed to evaluate its tolerance and phytoremediation ability on landfill soil in a greenhouse study with a harvesting period of 1-month intervals. Ninety-six (96) cuttings from P. fruticosa were transplanted and had the same treatment in 500 g landfill soil. The roots, stems, and leaves of exposed and unexposed plants were dry-digested and heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The height and weight of dry biomass of exposed and unexposed plants were determined. The data obtained were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference (L.S.D.) at probability level p<0.05. The highest accumulation in the roots occurred on Pb, followed by Cr, As, and Cd with concentrations 0.82, 0.68, 0.35, and 0.33 mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metals were not detected from unexposed plant and soil. The three indices, bioconcentration, translocation factors, and extraction coefficient, were found to be more significant (>1) on six months compared to other harvesting periods. The percentage removal was Cd 88%, As 87%, Cr 86%, and Pb 78%. The results indicate that P. fruticosa might be an effective species to reduce heavy metals from landfill soil.
Prevalence of typhoid fever among patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital Kano
Authors: Mujahid N.S. , Yusuf I. , Abbas M.A. , Yusuf M. , Sani N.M. , Shehu A.A. , Akande A.O. , Yakubu A.B. , Sani B.I.
Published: December 2022

Typhoid fever poses a serious public health problem in Nigeria and is largely diagnosed based on the Widal agglutination test which has been proven to be neither sensitive nor specific. This study determined the prevalence of typhoid fever using both Widal agglutination test and blood culture using automated microbiology systems (BD BACTEC). The study was carried out among 90 patients attending Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital in Kano. Out of the 90 cases recruited for the study, none of the cases (0, 0.0%) had S. Typhi isolated using blood culture. However, 18 cases (20%) had other bacteria which are not S. Typhi isolated using blood culture while 72 cases (80%) were negative. For the Widal test, 63 cases (70%) were positive for anti S. Typhi O antigen while 27 cases (30%) were negative. Similarly, 42 cases (46.7%) were positive for anti S. Typhi H antigen, while 48 cases (53.3%) were negative. Type of toilet system was found to be significantly associated with non S. Typhi bacteraemia (P=0.021). The studyrecommends the use of other diagnostic test such as molecular techniques to determine the sensitivity and specificity of both Widal and cultural methods.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among people with mental illness in Namibia
Authors: F. N. Mthoko Ndahambelela , Pazvakawambwa Lilian , Leonhardt Marja , Lien Lars
Published: December 2022

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people with mental illness attending the Mental Health Care Centre, Windhoek, NamibiaDesign: Observational, cross-sectional study.Setting: Mental health Care Centre, Windhoek Central Hospital. NamibiaParticipants: Adult patients with a mental illness attending the Mental Health Care Centre, Windhoek.Data collection: Within a systematic random sampling method, 385 adult patients with mental illness were recruited between May and December 2017.Statistical analysis: Validated assessment tools were used. Descriptive summary statistics and Chi-squared tests of association were conducted.Results: One-third (31.7%) of participants used alcohol, 21% used nicotine, 21.3% had hypertension, 55% were over-weight or obese, 59.2% of females and 11.5% of males had abdominal obesity. About twenty per cent (19.9%) of participants did meet the World Health Organisation recommended level of activity, while more than two-thirds of participants did not participate in moderate or vigorous physical activities. The patient’s psychiatric condition was significantly associated with alcohol use (Chi-square=20.450, p=0.002) and physical activity (Chi-square=20.989, p=0.002). The psychiatric condition was not associated with the waist circumference and gender of the participant.Conclusions: The increased prevalence of CVD risk factors in people with mental illness calls for mental health practitioners to screen, monitor and manage these risk factors regularly. Systematically screening and monitoring for cardiovascular risk factors is likely to contribute to National targets and significantly impact cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with mental illness.
Evaluation of Potential Antimicrobial Activity of Stem Barks Extract of Persea americana (Mill) and its Solvent Fractions against Randomly Selected Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Ikpefan E. O. , Omosor K. K. , Ikpefan J. O. , Olowojoba J. I.
Published: December 2022

Persea americana stem barks are used locally in parts of Nigeria in treating bacterial infections. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial potential of the methanol extract and fractions against S. aureus, B. substilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans and Aspergilus species. The plant material was extracted with 80% methanol and partitioned into chloroform and aqueous phases which were evaluated for antimicrobial activities using agar well diffusion method. The methanol extract inhibited the growth of the test organisms; P. aeruginosa showed the most activity at 100mg/mL. The CHCl3 fraction of the plant extract was ineffective against gram negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) at low concentrations. The CHCl3 fraction was most effective against S. aureus at 50mg/mL but ineffective against gram-negative organisms at lower concentrations. The extract's H2O fraction had the most antimicrobial activity. The H2O fraction inhibited B. substilis at 50mg/mL (8.50±1.08mm).Alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, among others were observed in the extract and fractions. Owing to the higher antimicrobial activity in the H2O fraction, the active antimicrobial compounds could be polar in nature. The higher inhibitory activity recorded by the H2O fraction supports the folkloric use of P. Americana.
Forestry Resource Exploitation by Rural Household, Their Pathways out of Poverty and its Implications on the Environment. A Case Study of Toro LGA of Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: Chomini E. A. , Imoh J. A. , Ameh M. A. , Henry M. U. , Ademiluyi I. O. , Mbah J. J. , Vihi S. K. , Nguwap Y. H. , Ogenyi R. , Chomini M. S.
Published: December 2022

In order to survive and thrive in their pathways out of poverty, rural households may engage in a livelihood strategy such as daily dependent on forest products resources that could have an implication on the environment. This study focused on a case study of rural households’ daily dependent on forest products, their pathways out of poverty and its implication on the environment in the Toro Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria using a total of 200 questionnaires distributed in four wards of the study area. Data obtained show that the most exploited tree was Parkia biglobosa (64%) and this was due to its abundance in the study are. The study revealed gross unsustainable use of forest and forest products due to poverty, unemployment (34%), illiteracy (76.5%), house hold size (3.5-61.5%), poor income and high demand for forest and forest products for sale to increase income and improve family standard of living. Poor management of this challenge would create problems for the future generations and the goal of environmental sustainability would be far from reality. Government should set up strong regulatory frame work for the use of the forest resources, while checking indiscriminate felling of trees.
Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine among Anaesthetists in Nigeria
Authors: Akhideno II , Alenoghena IO
Published: December 2022

Background: Critical measures in the prevention and control of COVID-19 disease require health care professionals. This study aimed to assess the willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine among anaesthetists in Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving the total population of anaesthetists in Nigeria was carried out with the use of self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0 statistical software.

Results: A total of 195 respondents were assessed during this study. All of them were aware of COVID-19 disease, 119 (61%) had a good knowledge of COVID-19 disease while 57 (29.2%) and 19 (9.7%) had fair and poor knowledge, respectively. Over half of the respondents, 103 (52.8%) were willing to accept the vaccine. Predictors of willingness to accept the vaccine included being of the male gender (AOR=2.5, 95%CI=1.213-5.246, p=0.013), being from the South-west geopolitical zone (AOR=3.134, 95% CI= 1.353- 8.651, p=0.020) and having a good knowledge of the vaccine (AOR=14.910, 95%CI=6.114-36.359, p= <0.001).

Conclusion: Slightly over half of the respondents were willing to accept COVID 19 vaccines. There is an urgent need for tertiary health institutions in Nigeria to sensitize anaesthetists especially the females on the need to accept the vaccine.
The Role of the Ward Health System in COVID-19 Pandemic Response in Nigeria: A Case Study of Edo State
Authors: Alenoghena IO , Omuemu VO
Published: December 2022

Background: Preventive measures remain the hallmark of effective containment of epidemics such as the recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These measures are best applied using existing framework for healthcare delivery and epidemic response such as the ward health system (WHS). The structure of the WHS is interrelated to that of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system for effective surveillance and outbreak response in the community. This paper examines the established pattern in disease prevention and the role of the WHS system in COVID-19 pandemic response in Edo State, Nigeria.

Discussion: Disease prevention seeks to avert the occurrence of disease, arrest its progress, and reduce its consequences once it is established. The various taskforce and committees that were formed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Edo State were not integrated with existing local government Epidemic Preparedness and Response committees and the Rapid Response Teams. They also had no links with the already established ward development and village development committees in the communities.

Conclusion: There is an existing framework for disease prevention and control based on the WHS in Edo State, however, this system was not integrated into the COVID-19 pandemic response activities. Incorporating and strengthening partnerships with the existing WHS framework would be key for effective pandemic response in the future.
Natural durability of some selected wood species against Macrotermes sybhylinus termites
Authors: Adiji A.O. , Owoyemi J.M. , Areghan S.E. , Ademola A.A. , Orire L.T. , Adebisi A.A.
Published: December 2022

Natural resistance of some wood species used consistently for construction in Nigerian to termite was examined in this study. Wood samples were collected from a Sawmill in Akure and cut to stakes of 35 × 35 × 450 mm which were to be buried half way in the soil, their density was determined and classified across three density classes; high, medium and low. They were exposed to subterranean termites attack for 12 weeks (3 months) in a timber graveyard. Weekly visual estimation of the stakes was done in accordance with ASTM D 3345/1980 rating scale and gravimetric weight loss assessment was carried out after 12 weeks of exposure. Results showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the resistance of the species to Macroterms sybhylinus, a native of subterranean termite, identified on the site. It was discovered that there is a strong negative correlation between weight loss and wood density, which implied that species in higher density classes exhibited greater resistance to termite attack after the exposure period. Other factors such as presence of toxic extractives and age could also be responsible for higher resistance. This study proved the importance of wood protection for all wood species irrespective of wood density class using appropriate technologies to ensure a longer service life. It reduces cost of wood replacement and sustainable management of our forest resources.
Oral hygiene and gingival disease among children with structural heart disease at a tertiary hospital in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkadir M.B. , Adeyemi M.F. , Owolabi B.I. , Issa A. , Suberu H.D. , Oladele D.P.
Published: December 2022

Background: Poor oral hygiene and gingival disease are factors that increase risk of infective endocarditis in children with structural heart disease. The  objectives were to evaluate the oral hygiene status of children with structural heart disease and the prevalence of dental caries/ gingival disease among them.

Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Subjects were children aged6 months to 14 years with structural heart disease. Relevant sociodemographic  and clinical data were collected. The Decayed, Missing Filled –Teeth (DMF-T) index and Simplified Oral Hygiene index-S (OHI-S) were used to evaluate for dental caries and oral hygiene respectively.

Results: Forty-eight subjects were recruited. Median (IQR) age was 1.88 (0.50 – 6.75) years. Commonest structural heart diseases were ventricular septal  defects (19 subjects; 39.6%), rheumatic heart disease (6; 12.5%), and Tetralogy of Fallot (5; 10.4%). Prevalence of dental caries amongst subjects was 11.4%  (four of the 35). Six (12.5%) had gingival disease and one (2.9%) had poor oral hygiene. Thirty-two (91.4%) subjects had their mouth cleaned daily,  while only four (12.5%) of these had it cleaned at least twice a day.

Conclusion: Dental caries and poor oral hygiene are common amongst children with structural heart disease.
Family caregivers' burden and coping strategies with clients living with schizophrenia in neuropsychiatry specialist hospital in Akure, Ondo state, Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa O.S. , Kehinde F.O.
Published: December 2022

Objective: Caring for schizophrenic clients has an enduring effect and leads to a substantial level of burden for the caregivers. This study assessed the  caregivers' burden and coping strategies with patients living with schizophrenia.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to assess the family caregivers' burden and coping strategies with clients living with  schizophrenia in Neuropsychiatry Specialist Hospital. The Zarit Burden Interview Scale was used to assess the participants' level of burden while the Brief  CopeScale was utilized for the assessment of their coping strategies. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.

Results: 63.5% of the family caregivers were married.53%had a mild to moderate burden, 38% had a moderate to a severe burden, 1% had severe, and  only 8% had little or no burden. The family caregivers utilized a mix of coping strategies. The coping strategy most commonly used among the  respondents was 'Religion' mean being 2.9270±0.86466 SD.

Conclusion: A significant number of family caregivers experience a burden related to the care of their loved ones. Therefore, healthcare providers must  offer psychological support to and teach family caregivers effective coping strategies necessary for reducing their burden of care.
La construction de la préhistoire hors d’Europe: Introduction au dossier Préhistoire sous les tropiques
Authors: Hurel Arnaud , Cataldi Maddalena
Published: December 2022

À partir de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, la préhistoire s’est développée, sur le plan théorique et sur le terrain, selon un modèle européen. Concepts, vocabulaire, mais aussi collections et sites européens sont alors érigés en axiomes. Cette construction de la préhistoire intervient lors de l’expansion des missions ethnographiques et des empires coloniaux. Cette préhistoire européenne aux ambitions universelles devait prendre en compte une altérité, actuelle et incarnée par le sauvage, devenue un objet d’étude pour les sciences humaines émergentes. Sur le plan historiographique, de nombreuses relations restent à clarifier en ce qui concerne les interactions entre préhistoire européenne et la construction d’une préhistoire hors d’Europe.

The Construction of a Prehistory for the World Beyond Europe: Introduction to the File: Prehistory in the Tropics

From the second half of the 19th century, prehistory developed, both theoretically and in the field, according to a European model. Concepts and vocabulary, but also collections and European sites, were established as axioms. This construction of prehistory took place during the expansion of ethnographic missions and colonial empires. This European prehistory with universal ambitions had to take into account an otherness, current and embodied by the savage, which had become an object of study for the emerging human sciences. From a historiographical point of view, many relationships remain to be clarified with regard to the interactions between European prehistory and the construction of a prehistory beyond Europe.
Fossili viventi: Prehistoric Archaeology and Colonial Ethnographic Collections in Liberal Italy
Authors: Falcucci Beatrice
Published: December 2022

This article offers a first survey investigating the practice of displaying objects belonging to ancient civilisations of the Italian peninsula alongside those of the peoples living in the African colonies – and beyond – during the end of 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. I will analyse the development of the discipline known in Italy as paletnologia in close connection with the European context and how it was presented in museums through its association with artefacts belonging to the so–called present–day primitives. Finally, the article will conclude by discussing the paradigm shift happening at the time of the Fascist Empire.
Demokratyczne rządy prawa versus klanowo-plemienne prawo zwyczajowe – bałkańskie odniesienia na przykładzie Albanii i Kosowa (wprowadzenie do dalszych analiz)
Authors: Ickiewicz-Sawicka Magdalena
Published: December 2022

Democratic Rule of Law Versus Clan-Tribal Custom Law – Balkan References on the Example of Albania and Kosovo (Introduction to Further Analyses)

Statutory law based on the philosophy and doctrine of Roman law is the basic principle of organization, management and functioning of modern state bodies, assuming the form of a democratic state ruled by law. At the same time, the alternative (already existing in antiquity) organization of social life was primeval communities, the identity of which was shaped and sustained by clantribal rules of a hierarchically shaped community. The text consists of four parts. The first one presents the concept of the democratic rule of law (basic assumptions). The second part contains considerations on tribalism and neotribalism, i.e. a return to the idea of clan-tribal communities. The third part, in turn, was devoted to discussing the Albanian tribes being an example of clan-tribal culture in southern Europe, along with empirical research. The last part presents information on Kanunu, Besa, Gjakmarrji – the basic concepts of Albanian customary law. The text includes an introduction and ending as well as relevant literature on the subject.
Wśród polityków i artystów. Topos Europy Środkowej w polityce kulturalnej Czech w latach 2004–2018
Authors: Szumowiecka Alicja
Published: December 2022

Artists and Politicians. Central Europe in Cultural Politics in the Czech Republic from 2004 to 2018 The purpose of this work was to examine the role that the subject of Central Europe plays in cultural politics in the Czech Republic. In the first part of this work, there are definitions of national identity, cultural politics and Central Europe. Moreover, there is information about institutions that are responsible for the development of the Czech culture. The second chapter is an analysis of the activity of Czech artists which is related to Central Europe and the states of the region. The last chapter is research about the participation of artistic events related to the region among those subsidized by the minister’s programs for the development of international cultural relations.
2-Aryl Propionic Acid Amide Modification of Naproxen and Ibuprofen Dimers for Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity in BV2 mouse Microglial Cells
Authors: Ju Hyerim , Pachhapure Shailashree , Mufida Amila , Kim Aryun , Elmaleh David R. , Choi Sungwoon , Jang Byeong-Churl
Published: December 2022

Inflammation is a common link in the pathophysiology of many neurological illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease. Activated glial cells contribute to neuroinflammation by producing pro-inflammatory mediators. Naproxen and ibuprofen are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with 2-aryl(s) propionic acid as a common pharmacophore. Here we designed a small series of naproxen and ibuprofen amide dimers and tested their effects on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a neuroinflammatory enzyme in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 mouse microglial cells. Of note, treatment with CNU 019, 020, 021, 023, 024, and 027 at 10 M markedly inhibited the LPS-induced iNOS expression in BV2 cells. CNU 024 was tested further at different concentrations to regulate the LPS-induced iNOS expression in BV2 cells. Treatment with CNU 024 at 5, 10, or 20 M dose-dependently suppressed the LPS-induced iNOS protein and mRNA expression levels in BV2 cells, in which maximal inhibition was seen at 20 M. CNU 024 treatment at doses tested further led to a concentration-dependent inhibition of the LPS-induced phosphorylation (activation) of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) without influencing its total protein expression in BV2 cells, but it did not affect the LPS-induced activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase-1/2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 in these cells. In summary, our results demonstrate that CNU 024 inhibits the LPS-induced iNOS expression in BV2 cells, partly mediated by the inhibition of p38 MAPK. This work shows that CNU 024 could be a valuable ligand for further development as a potential drug candidate for treating neuroinflammatory pathologies.
Anti-adipogenic Effect and Mechanism in 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation by Salvianolic Acid B
Authors: Kwon Hyo-Shin , Jang Byeong-Churl
Published: December 2022

Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the most active hydrophilic compounds extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza root. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the ability of Sal B to modulate adipocyte differentiation. However, the lipid-modulating effect and mechanism of Sal B in adipocytes remain controversial. Here we investigated the regulatory effect and mode of action of Sal B on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Lipid droplet (LD) accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation were measured by Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay. The growth inhibition during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation was measured by cell count analysis. Western blotting and real-time qPCR analysis were utilized to determine the protein and mRNA expression in the preadipocyte differentiation. Notably, in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, treatment with Sal B at 100 M led to a marked decrease in LD accumulation and TG content without influencing cell growth. Sal B treatment (100 M) further reduced the expression and phosphorylation levels of adipogenic transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein- (C/EBP-), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR)-, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3/5. Treatment with Sal B (100 M) also reduced the expression and phosphorylation levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), two lipogenic enzymes and perilipin A, an LD-binding and stabilizing protein. These results collectively demonstrate that Sal B at 100 M strongly inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, mediated through regulation of the expression and phosphorylation levels of C/EBP-, PPAR-, STAT-3/5, FAS, ACC, and perilipin.
Embeddings into $\mathbb{B}$-Cyclic Banach Spaces
Authors: Тасоев Б.Б.
Published: December 2022

Для полной булевой алгебры $\mathbb{B}$ и ненулевого $\pi\in \mathbb{B}$ введено понятие изоморфного $\mathbb{B}_{\pi}$-вло\-жения банаховых пространств в $\mathbb{B}$-циклические банаховы пространства. Также введено понятие решеточного изоморфного $\mathbb{B}_{\pi}$-вложения банаховых решеток в $\mathbb{B}$-циклические банаховы решетки. Установлен критерий изоморфного $\mathbb{B}_{\pi}$-вложения пространства непрерывных вектор-функций со значениями в произвольном банаховом пространстве в $\mathbb{B}$-циклическое банахово пространство, а также критерий решеточного изоморфного $\mathbb{B}_{\pi}$-вложения пространства непрерывных вектор-функций со значениями в произвольной банаховой решетке в $\mathbb{B}$-циклическую банахову решетку. Полученные результаты позволяют наметить подход для изометрической и изоморфной классификации $\mathbb{B}$-циклических банаховых пространств. В ходе установления результатов широко использовался аппарат решеточно-нормированных пространств.
Spectral Properties of Self-Adjoint Partially Integral Operators with Non-Degenerate Kernels
Authors: Култураев Д.Ж. , Эшкабилов Ю.Х.
Published: December 2022

В данной работе рассматриваются линейные ограниченные самосопряженные интегральные операторы $T_1$ и $T_2$ в гильбертовом пространстве $L_2([a,b]\times[c,d])$, так называемые частично интегральные операторы. Частично интегральный оператор $T_1$ действует на функцию $f(x,y)$ по первому аргументу и выполняет определенное интегрирование по аргументу $x$, а частично интегральный оператор $T_2$ действует на функцию $f(x,y)$ по второму аргументу и выполняет определенное интегрирование по аргументу $y$. Оба оператора является ограниченными, однако оба не являются компактными операторами. Однако оператор $T_1T_2$ является компактным и $T_1T_2=T_2T_1$. Частично интегральные операторы возникают в различных областях механики, теории интегро-дифференциальных уравнений и теории операторов Шредингера. В работе исследованы спектральные свойства линейных ограниченных самосопряженных частично интегральных операторов $T_1$, $T_2$ и $T_1+T_2$ с невырожденными ядрами. Получена формула для описания существенных спектров частично интегральных операторов $T_1$ и $T_2$. Показано, что дискретный спектр у операторов $T_1$ и $T_2$ отсутствует. Доказана теорема о структуре существенного спектра частично интегрального оператора $T_1+T_2$. Изучена задача о существовании счетного числа собственных значений в дискретном спектре частично интегрального оператора $T_1+T_2$.
On the Qualitative Properties of a Solution for One System of Infinite Nonlinear Algebraic Equations
Authors: Аветисян М.О. , Хачатрян Х.А.
Published: December 2022

Работа посвящена изучению и решению одного класса бесконечных систем алгебраических уравнений с монотонной нелинейностью и матрицами типа Теплица. При конкретных представлениях нелинейностей указанная система возникает в дискретных задачах динамической теории открыто-замкнутых $p$-адических струн для скалярного поля тахионов, математической теории пространственно-временного распространения эпидемии, теории переноса излучения в неоднородных средах и кинетической теории газов в рамках модифицированной модели Бхатнагара~--- Гросса~--- Крука. Отличительной особенностью указанных систем нелинейных уравнений является некомпактность соответствующего оператора в пространстве ограниченных последовательностей и свойство критичности (наличие тривиальных не физических решений). По этой причине использование известных классических принципов о существании неподвижных точек для таких уравнений не дают желаемых результатов. В настоящей работе с помощью методов построения инвариантных конусных отрезков для соответствующего нелинейного оператора доказывается существование и единственность нетривиального неотрицательного решения в пространстве ограниченных последовательностей. Изучается также асимптотическое поведение построенного решения на $\pm \infty.$ В частности, доказывается конечность предела решения на $\pm \infty,$ причем устанавливается, что разность между пределом и решением принадлежит пространству $l_1.$ В конце работы приводятся специальные примеры прикладного характера для иллюстрации полученных результатов.
HATAY ARKEOLOJİ MÜZESİNDEN ESKİ ASURCA BİR VEKİL BELİRLEME TUTANAĞI
Authors: ÇEÇEN Salih , YILDIRIM Nurgül
Published: December 2022

Mezopotamya ve Anadolu arasında Akadlı tüccarlarca başlatılan ticari geleneğin daha sistemli ve organize biçimi Eski Asurlu tüccarlarca günümüz Kayseri ili merkez olmak üzere devam ettirilmiştir. Anadolu’daki ticaret kolonilerinin merkezi konumundaki Kayseri-Kaniş/Kültepe’de gerçekleştirilen kazılar sonucunda ele geçirilen yaklaşık 24 bin Eski Asurca tablet, MÖ II. bin başlarındaki Anadolu tarihini aydınlatan birincil kaynaklar olarak kabul edilmiştir. Eski Asurlu tüccarların arşivlerinden oluşan ve literatüre Kültepe Tabletleri olarak geçen metinlerin konusunu, çoğunlukla, ticari mektuplar, çeşitli kayıt ve sözleşmeler oluşturmuştur. Ağırlıklı olarak Ankara Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesinde korunan Eski Asurca belgeler, sayıları farklı olmak üzere ülkenin diğer müzelerinde de bulunmaktadır. Bu çerçevede Hatay Arkeoloji Müzesine satın alma yoluyla kazandırılmış olan 20793 envanter numaralı Eski Asurca tablet, içerik açısından Asurlu tüccarlara ait ticari mal teslimatlarındaki temsilcilerin belirlenmesine dair bir tutanak olarak hazırlanmıştır. Belgede kaydedilen Asurlu tüccar adları, diğer Kültepe tabletlerinde de sıkça geçmektedir. Bu çalışmada 20793 numaralı metnin transkripsiyon, tercüme ve kültür tarihi bakımından değerlendirilmesi yapılmaktadır.
Mütevatir Kıraat İmâmlarının Kıraat Öğretimindeki Usûlleri
Authors: KÜÇÜK Cemil
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı mütevatir Kıraat İmâmlarının Kıraatteki usûlleri ve öğretim metotları hakkında bilgi vermektir. Kıraat ilmi, Kur'ân'ın metnini ve kıraatini (telaffuzunu) farklılıkları ile ilk nazil olduğu günden itibaren aslını muhafaza ederek bir usûl ve metod dairesinde nesilden nesile intikalini sağlayan bir ilimdir. Rasûlullah (s.a.s), Cebrail vasıtasıyla kendisine indirilen ve öğretilen usûle göre vahyi ashabına tebliğ etmiş; hem yazdırmış hem de kıraatini öğretmiştir. Ashab da Rasûlullah ‘tan öğrendikleri şekliyle kendilerinden sonra gelen ve öğrencileri mesafesinde olan Müslümanlara hem tilâvetini öğretmiş hem de gerektiğinde izahını yapmışlardır. Hz. Osman zamanında birçok beldelere gönderilen Mushaflarla birlikte bunları Müslümanlara okuyan ve okutan kâri’ler görevlendirilerek kıraat eğitiminin gelişmesine öncülük etmişlerdir. Kıraat eğitim ve öğretimi konusunda Ashabın izinden giden Tabiinden ve etbaʿu’t-tabiinden oluşan meşhur kıraat imâmları, kendilerine sahih senetlerle ulaşan mütevatir kıraatleri onları takip eden sonraki nesillere öğretmişlerdir. Kıraat imâmlarının kıraatlerini öğretme şekilleri ashaptan kendilerine intikal eden usûllere göre olduğu gibi onlardan sonra gelen nesillerde de aynı usûl ve metotlar devam ettirmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada kıraat-ı aşere imâmlarının ve râvilerinin usûl bahsine taalluk eden ve kurala tâbi olan kıraat farklılıklarını okuma ve öğretme yöntemleri ele alınacaktır.
Notes: The intersection between insolvency and tax avoidance
Authors: Legwaila Thabo , Fritz Carika
Published: December 2022

In the realm of taxation, the South African Revenue Service has the power to set aside (or alter) certain transactions to curb impermissible tax avoidance or to give effect to the substance of a transaction over its form. Equally, in the insolvency realm, the Insolvency Act 24 of 1936 provides for certain instances where a transaction can be set aside if it falls within the ambit of impeachable dispositions. In this note, we consider the intersection between insolvency and tax avoidance with specific reference to the overlap between voidable preferences and impermissible tax avoidance arrangements, on the one hand, and substance over form and dispositions not made for value, on the other hand. This analysis highlights the significance of the timeline of events. We argue that SARS would only be able to benefit from both the avoidance mechanism and the setting side of the impeachable disposition when the tax avoidance remedy precedes the sequestration or liquidation order and the subsequent setting aside of the impeachable disposition.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE PEMBIASAAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Berlianti Reri , Kurniawan Kurniawan , Cikdin Cikdin
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini berusaha mengungkap gambaran implementasi metode pembiasaan dalam pembalajaran PAI pada siswa kelas 2 Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah 1A Ujung Tanjung, Kabupaten Lebong, Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpul data yaitu wawancara virtual dan menggunakan media Whatsapp, karena mengingat bahwa kondisi saat penelitian masih dalam menjaga jarak sosial di masa pamdemi Covid-19. Setelah data terkumpul, tahapan selanjutnya adalah tahap analisis data yaitu pemilihan data, penyajian dan penarikan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menemukan simpulan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru PAI SD Muhammadiyah 1A dengan menggunakan metode pembiasaan terdapat beberapa tahapan antara lain: memilih materi yang tepat ketika akan menerapkan metode pembiasaan; menjelaskan materi yang cara memberikan contoh praktis yang mudah di  pahami dan diikuti oleh siswa; mengajak siswa untuk bersama mempraktekkan setelah materi diberikan;dan memerintahkan siswa untuk membiasakan materi yang telah diberikan secara mandiri baik di sekolah maupun di rumah
IMPLEMENTASI KOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI PIMPINAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN PENJAMINAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN DI IAIN BONE
Authors: Jaya Nur Makmur , Ramli Mansyur , Semmaila Baharuddin , Nurlaelah Nurlaelah
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis implementasi komunikasi organisasi pimpinan dalam pelaksanaan penjaminan mutu pendidikan di IAIN Bone. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif pendekatan studi kasus. Data primer diperoleh dari pimpinan perguruan tinggi dan dosen IAIN Bone. Data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan mereduksi data, menyajikan dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa komunikasi organisasi pimpinan dalam pelaksanaan penjaminan mutu pendidikan melalui dua bentuk, yaitu komunikasi formal dan komunikasi informal. Komunikasi formal dilakukan melalui tiga bentuk, yaitu komunikasi ke bawah, kemunikasi ke atas, dan komunikasi horizontal. Sementara komunikasi informal merupakan komunikasi yang dilakukan dengan penuh keakraban di antara anggota percakapan tanpa dibatasi oleh struktur maupun jabatan dalam organisasi. Anggota perkacakapan informal tidak hanya dalam satu fakultas, akan tetapi terkadang melibatkan dosen dan pegawai lintas fakultas dan jurusan. Implikasi penelitian, perguruan tinggi hari ini semakin tertantang untuk terus meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, baik berbasis BAN-PT maupun mutu berbasis penilaian masyarakat. Pendekatan BAN-PT, mutu perguruan tinggi nyaris ditentukan oleh kelengkapan administrasi dan dokumentasi. Akan tetapi, mutu dalam penilaian masyarakat diukur berdasarkan kebermanfaatan mahasiswa atau alumni dari suatu perguruan tinggi