bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A theoretical framework of gradient coil designed to mitigate eddy currents for a permanent magnet MRI system
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Wendong , Shi Yikai
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: High installation and operating cost have limited applications for many circumstances. In practice, primary and shielding coils cannot insert into the magnet pole simultaneously owing to deficient workspace for the planar permanent MRI systems OBJECTIVE: To minimize eddy currents induced in the resist-eddy current plates and pole piece when the gradient coil current switches on and off rapidly. METHODS: A theoretical framework that have minimum power dispassion and magnetic energy with eddy plate is proposed for a planar gradient coil. The mirror image of the magnetostatic model is substituted into the stream function for designing a minimum power dispassion planar gradient coil. A finite-difference is used to formulate the coil distribution that makes magnetic field similar to the required magnetic field for gradient coil design. RESULTS: A coil designed with actively shielded was simulated and compared with the designed gradient coils using mirror image theory and piece pole effect. According to the numerical evaluation of the x and z coils, the operating currents in the cases were reduced to 34.4% using magnetostatic mirror-image method to replay the active shielding. Moreover, there was a significant improvement on the shielding effect when added to resistive eddy current plate. CONCLUSIONS: Using the magnetostatic mirror image theory and mirror-image model, the current density function that could not only gives the minimum power dissipation and magnetic energy with the presence of the eddy plate and pole piece effect, but also provides excellent coil performance compared with active shielding solution.
Evaluating dose distributions of normal organs for patients undergoing VMAT therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using Rando phantom and TLD-100H
Authors: Chen Yun-Chih , Lin Hung-Chih , Lai Wei-Hou , Hung Hung-Chang , Tseng Hsien-Chun , Chen Chien-Yi
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The routine radiation therapy treatment planning does not include secondary radiation and peripheral doses resulting from radiotherapy exposure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) undergoing Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) using an linear accelerator (linac) of Axesse (Elekta 2538). OBJECTIVE: VMAT has a better dose conformity of the tumor and is also operated by adjusting the shapes of mulileaf collimator. However, such treatment is potentially important to improve the accuracy of estimated health risks. METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the equivalent dose of organ or tissue (DT) and effective dose (E) for normal organs using the Alderson Rando phantom as an equivalent of the human body. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100H) were calibrated by 6 MV X-ray originated by the linac. A total of 252 TLDs were used. These TLDs were inserted into phantom organ or tissue which closely approximated to these places. RESULTS: The thyroid dose (D𝑡ℎ𝑦) had the highest dose, 1840 ± 202 mSv/treatment. The E of the Rando was 7.11 ± 0.61 mSv/treatment, as estimated using ICRP 103. The skin doses (D𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛) varied significantly outside the treatment field and decreased as the distance from the treatment field increased. CONCLUSIONS: This study can be referred to practical guidance regarding radiation protections of the public.
Effect of hydroxyapatite bioceramics on the growth of osteoblasts and HIF-α/VEGF signal axis in partial hypoxia environment in vitro
Authors: Liu Yanyi , Gan Zekun , Hu Fei
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite bioceramic is a kind of bone implant commonly used in oral clinic treatment. In the early stage of tissue repair, cells will suffer hypoxic due to the interruption of blood supply. OBJECTIVE: Studying the expression of osteoblasts in hypoxic environment will help us to understand the expression and response mechanism of osteoblasts at the implantation site of hydroxyapatite in the early stage of hypoxia. METHODS: MG63 osteoblast cell line was used in this study. The cells of normal group were incubated under normal oxygen and hydroxyapatite ceramics condition. The cells of hypoxia group were incubated under hypoxia (37∘C, 8% CO2, 8% O2, 86% N2) and hydroxyapatite ceramics condition. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 assay. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured by ALP kit. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared to the normal group, the cells of hypoxia group showed a dramatically higher proliferation ability, especially at 48 h (P< 0.05). Due to hypoxia, cell apoptosis was induced, but there is no difference between these two groups. Interestingly, the ALP activity of hypoxia group was higher than that of normal group at 24 h and 48 h (P< 0.05). Mechanically, western blot result showed that the protein level of both HIF-α and VEGF were up-regulated in hypoxia group. CONCLUSIONS: Under hypoxia condition, hydroxyapatite bioceramics can promote the proliferation of MG63 osteoblasts, elevate the activity of alkaline phosphatase and upregulate HIF-α and VEGF expression without effect on apoptosis.
Analysis of the relationship between muscular strength and joint stiffness in children with Down syndrome during drop landing
Authors: Koo Dohoon , Pathak Prabhat , Moon Jeheon , Panday Siddhartha Bikram
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Children with Down syndrome (DS) have critical biomechanical impairments such as increased ligamentous laxity, muscle hypotonia, and dysfunctional motor coordination, which makes performing everyday tasks challenging. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to explore the differences in the vertical joint stiffness, plantar force, and range of motion during drop landing for DS and age-matched typically developing children. METHODS: Six young male children with DS and age-matched seven healthy typically developing children (TD) assessed joint strength using an isokinetic dynamometer and performed five trials of single-leg drop jump using force platform and motion capture system. RESULTS: The peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), Range of motion (ROM), joint stiffness, and joint strength of lower limb were calculated and compared across DS and TD groups. The results revealed a significantly larger peak VGRF [z=-2.857, p< 0.001] values for the DS group compared to the TD groups. The results of Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between hip joint stiffness and knee joint ROM [r=-0.886, p< 0.05] and ankle joint stiffness and knee joint ROM [r=-0.829, p< 0.05] for DS. CONCLUSIONS: The abnormal movements observed among DS was not due to the difference in stiffness of the lower extremity but due to the utilization of different landing mechanisms with changes in ROM.
Applying the N-isopropylacrylamide gel dosimeter to quantify dynamic dose effects: A feasibility study
Authors: Sun Jung-Chang , Hsieh Bor-Tsung , Hsieh Chih-Ming , Tsang Yuk-Wah , Cheng Kai-Yuan
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: The gel dosimeter is a chemical as well as a relative dosimeter. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) gel dosimeter to observe the dynamic dose effects and quantification of the respiration, and to help determine the safety margins. METHODS: The NIPAM gel dosimeter combined with the dynamic phantom was used to simulate radiotherapy of lung or upper abdominal tumor. The field set to 4 × 5 cm2, simulate respiratory rate of 4 sec/cycle, and motion range 2 cm. MRI was used for reading, and MATLAB was used for analysis. The 3%/3 mm gamma passing rate > 95% was used as a clinical basis for evaluation. RESULTS: The dynamic dose curve was compared with 4 × 5, 4 × 4, 4 × 3 cm2 TPS, and gamma passing rates were 74.32%, 54.83%, 30.18%. Gamma mapping demonstrated that the highest dose region was similar to the result of the 4 × 4 cm2 TPS. After appropriate selection and comparing that the ⩾ 60% part of the dose curve with TPS, the gamma passing rate was 96.49%. CONCLUSIONS: Using the NIPAM gel dosimeter with dynamic phantom to simulate organ motion during respiration for dynamic dose measurement and quantified the dynamic dose effect is feasible. The results are consistent with clinical evaluation standards.
Evaluating environmental radiations of the tomotherapy facility by optimizing full factorial design of the TLD technique
Authors: Shen Zhangmin , Chou Ying-Hsiang , Lu Cheng-Chang , Huang Ren-Jing , Ke Ching-Hsiu , Pan Lung-Kwang , Chen Chien-Yi
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: In the last 40 years, the number of deaths due to cancer has been the highest in Taiwan OBJECTIVE: To optimize the readout system of the thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-100H, the radiation rates among the Tomotherapy (TOMO) facility of the Department of Radiology Oncology of Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (CSMUH) were calculated with a 32 full factorial design (FFD). METHODS: A ten-month survey of the facility was employed using the sensitive and accurate TLD method. The TLD system was optimized for maximum temperature, heat rate, and preheat temperature of Harshaw 3500 reader. Eight analyzed groups with different factors were tested. RESULTS: The TOMO facility had significantly different radiation rates. The farther away from the gantry head, environmental radiation rates. The half value layer (HVL) was also determined. These results were compared with published. No significant contributions of environmental gamma radiations were detected except in the treatment room. CONCLUSIONS: Those were far below the occupational doses recommended by ICRP 60.
Cost analysis of botulinum therapy of spastic forms of cerebral palsy in Ukraine
Authors: Соловйов С. О. , Назар О. В. , Лелека М. В.
Published: February 2022

Cerebral palsy (CP) represents a group of disorders of the mechanisms of movement and body position, causing limitations of activity, which are caused by non-progressive damage to the developing brain, fetus or child. About 80% of cases are spastic forms of cerebral palsy. Along with motor rehabilitation, the use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is considered one of the main methods of treatment of choice for focal spastic and dystonic syndromes, regardless of their etiology. At present, there are no studies in Ukraine on the analysis of the costs of using drugs based on BoNT-A, taking into account the recommended dose and frequency of administration.

The aim of the work. Carrying out an analysis of minimizing the cost of botulinum therapy for spastic forms of cerebral palsy in patients aged two years and older.

The annual dosage and frequency of administration of abobotulotoxin and onabotolutoxin for the treatment of dynamic equinus deformity of the foot caused by focal spasticity due to cerebral palsy in children over two years of age were obtained from the instructions for use. The cost of abobotulotoxin and onabotolutoxin was obtained from the Register of Wholesale Prices of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.

Cost analysis for a model cohort of children in different weight categories showed that abobotulotoxin 500 U will be the least expensive treatment technology in the weight category of 21–33 kg at a dosage of 15 U/kg in the treatment of diplegia. Abobotulotoxin 300 U is most rationally used in weight categories 10–20 kg and 34–40 kg with a dosage of 15 U/kg in the treatment of hemiplegia and in the weight category 17–20 kg with a dosage of 30 U/kg in the treatment of diplegia. Weight categories were identified in which the costs of using abobotulotoxin 300 U and abobotulotoxin 500 U were equal to and less than the costs of onabotolutoxin treatment.

The study was the first to analyze the cost of botulinum therapy, which identified the benefits of abobotulotoxin in the symptomatic treatment of hemiplegia and diplegia in cerebral palsy in the focus of different weight groups of children. Possible variability in the dosage and frequency of administration of onabotolutoxin per year indicates the relevance of collecting additional information on the application in real clinical practice and further pharmacoeconomic studies.
Az európai uniós tagság hatása a magyar közpolitikára
Authors: Bíró-Nagy András , Laki Gergely
Published: February 2022

A Magyarország és az Európai Unió közötti viszonyról szóló közbeszédben és tudományos kutatásokban egyaránt háttérbe szorult eddig az uniós tagság következményeként hozott nemzeti szintű közpolitikai döntések empirikus vizsgálata. Három új adatbázis elemzésével arra teszünk kísérletet, hogy válaszokat adjunk arra a kérdésre, milyen hatással volt a magyar közpolitikára az uniós tagság 2004 és 2018 között. Áttekintjük, mekkora hatással volt az EU a magyar jogalkotásra, milyen mértékben teljesítette a magyar kormány az Európai Bizottságtól érkező közpolitikai ajánlásokat, és bemutatjuk, milyen hasonlóságok és különbségek vannak a különböző kormányok között a kötelezettségszegési eljárások terén. Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a közpolitikai szintű együttműködés az aktuálpolitikai viszonynál jóval gördülékenyebb a magyar kormány (és általában a V4-ek), illetve az EU között.
Az Európai Unió munkaerőpiaci helyzetének elemzése a koronavírus-válság idején
Authors: Karácsony Péter , Pásztó Vivien
Published: February 2022

A 2019-benjelentkező, majd 2020-banglobális kihívássá alakuló koronavírus-válság jelentős hatással volt az egyes nemzetek munkaerőpiacának működésére is. Jelen tanulmány a Covid-19 okozta pandémia időszakában veszi górcső alá az Európai Unió (EU) munkaerőpiaci helyzetét. A saját vizsgálataink keretei között szekunder kutatást végeztünk az Eurostat adatbázisára támaszkodva. Összefoglalva megállapítható, hogy a koronavírus-válság negatív hatással volt az Európai Unió tagállamainak munkaerőpiacára, átlagosan mintegy 1,2 százalékpontot rontva a vizsgált időszakban az EU27 munkanélküliségi rátáján. Az összes vizsgált szektor esetében romlottak a foglalkoztatottsági mutatók. A tagállamok támogatása a munkahelyek megőrzésére a koronavírus első hulláma után volt a legintenzívebb.
A tömeges nyílt online kurzusok lehetőségei és kihívásai Magyarországon
Authors: Kutasi Gábor , Berde Éva
Published: February 2022

A 2010-es évek során a tömeges nyílt online kurzusok  (massive open online courses, MOOC) piaca óriási  mennyiségi ugráson ment keresztül mind a hallgatói  létszám, mind a meghirdetett kurzusok tekintetében,  miközben az ezeket meghirdető oktatási intézmények és  platformok piaci pozíciója a koncentráció irányába mozdult  el piacszerkezeti sajátosságok miatt. Ezt az ágazati robbanást a magyarhoz hasonlóan világszinten kis nyelvi  kultúrkörben oktató intézmények a partvonalról nézhették  végig, megpróbálkozva a kis létszámú online képzésekkel.  Az elmúlt évtized nemcsak mennyiségben, hanem a  szolgáltatás szerkezetében is hozott változásokat, ami  lehetővé teszi, hogy a hazai intézményeknek lehetősége  legyen és meg is érje becsatlakozni a tömeges kurzusokat  szervező platformokba és konzorciumokba. A tanulmány a  piacszerkezeti modellezés talaján állva elemzi az online  oktatás világpiacának alakulását és a magyar felsőoktatási intézmények által e területen érzékelhető üzleti veszélyeit  és lehetőségeit.
Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and Its Related Factors Among Dentists in Qom Province, Iran
Authors:   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Bagheri Fatemeh , Zamani Motahare ,   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Koohpaei Alireza ,   Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Mohammad Beige Abolfaz ,   Research Center for Environmental Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Published: February 2022

Background & Aims of the Study: Occupational burnout is a process of biopsychological fatigue caused by constant and continuous emotional stress due to long-term involvement in humans. Dentistry is one profession with extant biopsychological fatigue that can lead to burnout. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout and related influential factors in dentists in Qom Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 158 general and specialist dentists in Qom Province, Iran (2018-2019) who were randomly selected. The instrument for collecting data was Maslach's standard burnout questionnaire and questions about demographic information and occupational factors. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), t-test, Chi-squared test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: This study suggested that the burnout score in all studied dentists was moderate in Qom (n=158). It is revealed that 9.1% of subjects had severe emotional exhaustion, 11.4% had severe depersonalization, and 8.2% had severe individual accomplishment loss. The lack of regular exercise, general dentistry, the lack of educational responsibility, job dissatisfaction, conflict in the role, ambiguity in the role, and work overload are the predictors of burnout in dentists in Qom Province, Iran. Conclusion: The obtained data revealed that although burnout is not a common problem in dentists in Qom Province; however, strategies for coping with it should be evaluated and managed continuously. Further studies are recommended in this field.
Relevance of the Historically Black Colleges and University (HBCU) and Land Grant Model for Inclusive Transformation in Federal Nepal
Authors: Nepali Purna , Gaulee Uttam , Baral Prakash , Paudel Suwas , Khanal Santosh
Published: February 2022

The institutionalization of federalism has created a space for Nepal with an opportunity to transform into a more inclusive and equitable society with a vibrant economy. Towards this transformation, adoption of the elements of the Land Grant model in the higher education system of Nepal can be a key to break the long-stagnant agrarian economy characterized by persistent inequality, structural poverty, and stunted economic growth. This paper attempts to present a perspective analysis of US-based Land Grant Universities/ Institutions (LGUs/LGIs) and Historically Black Colleges and University (HBCU) mission and its possible implications in the agrarian landscape with priority laid on the inclusive agrarian transformation of Nepal through consideration of these models in the spirit of social inclusion and agrarian justice as envisaged in the constitutional provisions, policies and the structural features of country’s stagnant economy.
The grand design of American higher education in the context of the initiatives of LGUs and HBCUs could be an eye-opening lesson for the academic institutions, especially, the new provincial universities of Nepal for engaging the community beyond academic function, building a strong university-community partnership, relationship, and aligning their educational endeavors toward optimizing the use of available natural and human resources in society. A community based inclusive transformation could be coordinated and aligned with the local, provincial and national governments and leaders in line with their political and social aspirations so that the local resources could be leveraged to catalyze local initiatives and promote indigenous innovation while consolidating the commitment to social diversity and inclusion for the overall societal transformation of federal states of Nepal through concerted higher education reforms in lines of LGU and HBCUs.
FOOTBALL PLAYER MARKET VALUE: APAKAH USIA PEMAIN BERPERAN DALAM PENENTUAN HARGA PASAR?
Authors: Kaukab M. Elfan
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk megetahui pengaruh usia sebagai variabel moderasi dalam memperkuat pengaruh player position, performance, contract left and fee dan FIFA EA Sport rating terhadap football player market value pada pemain dalam 20 klub paling berniai di dunia. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan data sekundar yang didapat dari transfermarkt.co.id, whoschored.com, dan www.ea.com. Sampel penelitian ini adalah pemain yang termasuk dalam 20 klub paling bernilai di dunia dan memenuhi kriteria tertentu. Adapun kriteria yang dijadikan sampel adalah nilai performance ≥ 6.68 FIFA EA Sport rating ≥ 78 dan sisa kontrak pemain > 1 tahun, sehingga diketahui jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 126 pemain. Metode analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dan regresi dengan pendekatan moderated regression analysis (MRA) dengan bantuan perangkat lunak IBM SPSS statistics versi 22. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa player position, performance, contract left and fee dan FIFA EA Sport rating berpengaruh positif terhadap football player market value. Serta usia memperkuat pengaruh contract left and fee terhadap football player market value dan usia tidak memperkuat pengaruh player position, performance dan FIFA EA Sport rating terhadap football player market value. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan tidak bisa fokus pada liga atau kompetisi klub atau negara. Serta variabel penelitian yang masih dapat ditemukan lagi selain variabel yang diteliti.  Penelitian selanjutnya dapat memperluas populasi dan sampel penelitian serta fokus pada liga suatu negara atau kompetisi Eropa serta Dunia baik klub atau negara. Serta dapat menambah variabel independen lain.
Determination of optimal conditions for hydrogenolysis of sulfur compounds of straight-run jet fuel
Authors:   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Borisanov D.V. , Bubnov M.A. ,   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Vakhromov N.N. ,   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Gudkevich I.V. ,   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Dutlov E.V. ,   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Karpov N.V. ,   Slavneft-YANOS PJSC, Gritsenko A.I. ,   OOO “Gazprom VNIIGAZ”, Moscow, Maximov A.L. ,   A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, RAS, Moscow, Rathkeen L.S. ,   LLC «ARGM», Moscow
Published: February 2022

This paper describes comparison of characteristics of jet fuels TS-1 and RT, their production technologies and peculiarities. In case when total sulfur content minus mercaptans content in straight-run jet fuel is less than 0,2 % by weight it is advisable to use hydrotreating, in other cases hydrotreating might be treated as excessible and it is efficient to remove only mercaptans. The design, principle of operation and an example of application of laboratory unit for determination of optimal parameters for hydrogenolysis of sulfur compounds of typical straight-run jet fuel is described. The possibility to obtain fuel grade TS-1 with the use of hydrodemercaptanization is shown.
Research of gas permeability of protective liquids of hot water supply tanks
Authors:   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Moscow, Tatur I.R. , Bogdanova F.S. ,   National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University», Moscow
Published: February 2022

The gas permeability of protective (sealing) liquids is the most important operational indicator, which determines the permeability of air oxygen through the coating film and the evaporation of water from under their layer. The results of the study of the evaporation of water located under a layer of sealing liquid are presented. The dependence of water evaporation on the composition and thickness of the sealing liquid layer on the water surface is established. It is shown that the sealing liquids, which include polyisobutylene of the P-200 brand, have the lowest gas permeability. The interrelation of gas permeability of sealing liquids with other operational indicators – thermal and oxidative stability, surface and protective properties is revealed.
Chemical and phase analysis of carbon deposits in the light of the development of compositions for the maintenance of automatic small arms
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Ivanov M.G. , Mityagin V.A. ,   FAE «25 State Research Institute of Himmotology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian  Federation”, Moscow, Ivanov D.M. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Poplavsky I.V. ,   FAE «25 State Research Institute of Himmotology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian  Federation”, Moscow, Tishina E.A. ,   FAE «25 State Research Institute of Himmotology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian  Federation”, Moscow
Published: February 2022

In this paper, an attempt is made on the basis of the data of chemical and phase analysis of carbon de-posits to outline the range of chemical compounds that, when added to oil and/or water products, will contribute to the effective removal of carbon deposits, copper plating and, in general, the care of mod-ern small arms. The results of the study of carbon deposits settling in the barrel of the machine gun after the shot are presented. It is shown that domestic rifle oils or their foreign analogues do not completely remove carbon from the barrels of small arms, so it is necessary to develop new special compositions. These studies of the composition of carbon deposits in automatic small arms and the analysis of the cleaning properties of rifle oils allow us to outline the main directions of further research and offer more effective compositions for the care of weapons. To remove copper plating from the barrels of fire arms, only water compositions that include organic compounds that form stable complex compounds with Cu(II) will be effective. For cleaning and lubri-cating weapons, it is advisable to develop rifle oils based on a new base oil and solvent, and as a corro-sion inhibitor, a complex-acting inhibitor can be considered, for example, synthetic dialkyl naphthalene sulfonates of barium or neutral type calcium. A number of new rifle oil with additives were tested, which showed an improvement cleaning properties oils, due to the introduction of the additives in concentration of 0.25-0.5%.
INCREASING PRODUCTION CAPACITY AND DIVERSIFICATION OF TRADITIONAL BEVERAGE PRODUCTS "KUNYIT ASEM" AT WEDANG MANDIRI BUSINESS GROUP IN LANGSA CITY
Authors: T. Putri Lindung Bulan  , Tuti Meutia  , Mulia Syafrida Sari
Published: February 2022

This community service activity was carried out at Gampong Jawa, Langsa Baro District, Langsa City which aims to overcome the problems faced by partners who are MSME entrepreneurs who run a traditional beverage production business in the form of 'kunyit tamarind'. Businesses run by partners have the prospect of developing better by considering the opportunities and potential they have. The method used in implementing this service are (1) the lecture and discussion method; namely by formulating and justifying partner problems to provide the best solution; (2) Demonstration and practice methods, namely modifying production equipment and improving production systems in order to obtain optimal results, and (3) Observation methods, namely monitoring and assisting partners' businesses during the PkM implementation. Efforts to increase production capacity are carried out by adding additional supporting production machines such as automatic grating machines, so as to help production efficiency, by saving the number of production hours. Furthermore, improvements are given to the appearance of the packaging and brand to make it more attractive, and influence buying interest in customers. Product diversification is done by increasing the variety of bottle packaging sizes with adjusted prices.
Stage 1 Registered Report. Interventions for improving the design and conduct of scientific research: A scoping review
Authors: Mott Andrew , McDaid Catriona , Hewitt Catherine , Kirkham Jamie J
Published: February 2022

Background

Research waste is prevalent in many scientific fields despite a number of initiatives to improve research practices. Interventions to improve practice are often implemented without evaluating their effectiveness. It is therefore important to identify the interventions that have been evaluated, assess how they have been evaluated and to identify areas where further research is required.

Objectives

A scoping review will be undertaken to assess what interventions, aimed at researchers or research teams, to improve research design and conduct have been evaluated. This review will also consider when in the research pathway these interventions are implemented; what aspects of research design or conduct are being targeted; and who is implementing these interventions.

Methods

Interventions which aim to improve the design or conduct of research will be eligible for inclusion. The review will not include interventions aimed at hypothetical research projects or interventions implemented without evaluation.

The following sources will be searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, HMIC, EconLit, Social Policy and Practice, ProQuest theses, and MetaArXiv. Hand searching of references and citations of included studies will also be undertaken. Searches will be limited to articles published in the last 10 years.

Data extraction will be completed using a data extraction template developed for this review. 

Results will be tabulated by type of intervention, research stage, and outcome. A narrative review will also be provided addressing each of the objectives.
Linguistic problems of translating Indonesian popular lyrics of cover songs into English
Authors: Fitria Tira Nur
Published: February 2022

Translation results can be influenced by linguistic aspects. The objective of this study is to investigate several kinds of linguistic problems in the translation of Indonesian popular lyrics’ cover-songs from Indonesian into English. This study applies descriptive qualitative research. This research uses the document to collect data. The document used is cover songs from several popular singers and bands such as Andmesh Kamaleng, Anneth, Budi Doremi, Nineball, and Christian Bautista. There are seven popular lyrics’ cover songs that have been analyzed. The result analysis shows that translation songs activities cannot be separated from linguistic problems as in morphological, syntactical, phonological, and semantic. Morphologically, the problem is in the difference of the grammatical system related to singular and plural nouns. In phonological, the problem is in the differences between Indonesian and English syllables. As a result, the differences cause a different pronunciation and produce a different number of syllables. Syntactically, the problem is in constructing sentence elements. In a sentence, both in Indonesian and English at least will need a subject and a predicate orderly. Semantically, the problem is related to the meaning contained in a word or sentence, but equivalence may occur in translating to achieve an adequate degree of equivalence. When translating a song, a translator must pay close attention to the many components that contribute to the creation of a full product song. These components include song lyrics or text, as well as musical elements like melody and rhythm. In its formulation, the song lyric is a language that is not isolated from the musical principles such as the song's rhythm, melody, and harmony. In song translation, the sense and facts of the source texts are often changed. Therefore, the translator is faced with a choice of whether or not to translate such a lyric.
Tunnel Illumination: Algorithm to Determine Standard Values of Luminance in Tunnel Zones Using C Programming Language Approach
Authors: Perdahci Canan , Hasanoglu Onur , Sogodok Yahya
Published: February 2022

Tunnel illumination design involves complex mathematical computation, cumbersome, and tedious to perform when done by hand. This paper proposes an algorithm to compute luminance and luminous flux of the different zones of the tunnel by following the International Commission on Illumination (CIE88:2004) standard design guidelines using the C programming language. The luminance and the luminous flux values of all the zones were calculated and compared with the CIE standard. The energy consumption of each zone is equally found to control and reduce energy wastage and payment of unwanted bills. The threshold zone length Lth, average luminance in the first half Lav, and the last half of the threshold zone are 40 m, 400 cd/m2, and 240 cd/m2, respectively, while the average luminance of the transition and interior zones are, respectively, 95.87 cd/m2 and 5.86 cd/m2. The results obtained were satisfying. The computational results showed that the proposed Algorithm could be used to design an efficient tunnel illumination system with less energy waste.
Mapping the Needs for Trained Lighting Engineers in Construction Industry: The First Outcomes from ECOSLIGHT Skills Alliances European Project
Authors: Zissis Georges , Canale Laurent , Buso David , Madias Evangelos-Nikolaos D. , Bouroussis Constantinos , Krakowiak Marta , Sozza Alberto , Topalis Frangiskos V. , Zerefos Stelios
Published: February 2022

The construction sector faces new challenges in order to provide smart, energy efficient and sustainable lighting environments for infrastructure, cities, buildings and the industry, in order to follow the 2050 low-carbon economy roadmap of the European Commission. In parallel, the Environmentally Conscious Smart Lighting (ECOSLIGHT) project aims to design training programs in lighting that will actively enhance employability and improve career prospects of lighting-related professionals, while also help businesses to find the right competences they need to increase their competitiveness. In this paper, by analysing critically the 438 collected answers though on-line ECOSLIGHT original developed questionnaire, we were able to understand clearly what are the needs of the sector for well-trained lighting professionals and indent the training needs for future lighting professionals who want find jobs in the sector. Further, we could establish standard “job-profiles” for two of the most popular need lighting professionals: lighting designers and lighting system engineers.
Aplicação de seminário com avaliação por pares: uma proposta de metodologia ativa no ensino de ciências anos finais
Authors: Fagundes Laidines Seibel , Sepel Lenira Maria Nunes
Published: February 2022

Esta pesquisa apresenta o relato de uma investigação, de um conjunto de transposição didáticas envolvendo a      aplicação de uma apresentação oral em formato de seminário no ensino de ciências do ensino fundamental, em uma turma de nono ano com o objetivo de investigar como os alunos organizam e produzem apresentações orais com o apoio de ferramentas multimídia e como os estudantes avaliam a apresentação desses trabalhos apresentados pelos seus pares com a temática eletricidade. As metodologias ativas são capazes de integrar conteúdos conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais, para desenvolver competências e o desenvolvimento integral do estudante colocando-o como protagonista, dessa forma, o seminário revelou a possibilidade de criação de um contexto de aprendizagem, que se caracteriza como uma metodologia ativa. Os estudantes foram desafiados a buscar informações, construir e expressar o conhecimento sobre o tema eletricidade. Aliada à metodologia ativa utilizada neste estudo, verificou-se que os estudantes com essa atividade aprenderam a conhecer, aprenderam a fazer, aprenderam a viver juntos e aprenderam a ser.
Uma revisão sistemática sobre a contribuição das cooperativas para a sustentabilidade da agricultura familiar
Authors: Oliveira Willer Carlos de , Bertolini Geysler Rogis Flor
Published: February 2022

A agricultura familiar é fundamental para o desenvolvimento econômico e social da sociedade. As cooperativas são organizações que atuam diretamente no fomento deste processo de desenvolvimento, sendo ele, local, regional ou nacional. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a contribuição das cooperativas para a sustentabilidade da agricultura familiar. Para tanto, foi realizado uma pesquisa de revisão sistemática, usando a base de dados Web Of Science. Integram esta revisão 14 artigos científicos. A cooperação pode ser observada como uma forma eficaz de organizar estruturalmente o desenvolvimento rural sustentável, e a agricultura familiar é o ator primordial deste processo. Logo, as cooperativas contribuem como instituições de ações estratégicas na sobrevivência da agricultura familiar, organizando, mobilizando e ampliando as possibilidades e oportunidades, priorizando estratégias voltadas ao desenvolvimento e à sustentabilidade familiar rural. Os resultados permeiam entre quatro focos principais nos artigos analisados, sendo eles: percepção dos agricultores, práticas cooperativistas, qualidade de vida e gestão e grau de satisfação. Também foi possível perceber questões primordiais no contexto da inserção do agricultor familiar à cooperativa, gerando mais renda, estabilidade, segurança e prosperidade nas suas propriedades, entendendo a cooperativa como forma de promover a contribuição na dinamização dos processos, organização social, informações gerenciais e econômica, bem como o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Clinical Profile of Patients with Psoriasis and their Attitude Towards the Illness
Authors: Nagarajan Padmavathi , Thappa Devinder Mohan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory hyperproliferative disease of the skin and affects 0.6–4.8% of the world’s population. In addition to the skin and joint manifestations, psoriasis impairs many aspects of individual wellbeing, including emotional, physical, sexual, and financial status. Skin diseases such as psoriasis can profoundly influence a patient’s self-image, self-esteem, and sense of wellbeing. This study aimed to assess the clinical profile of patients with psoriasis and their attitude towards living with the disease.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Two hundred subjects diagnosed with psoriasis were recruited through purposive sampling. A structured proforma was used to assess the clinical profile and attitude was assessed by Psoriasis Attitude Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ).

Results: The most common type of psoriasis was chronic stable psoriasis (86.5%). A family history of psoriasis was present in 30 (15.0%) subjects. Stress was attributed to the exacerbation of disease in 90 (45.0%) subjects. Itching was reported by 124 (62.0%) subjects, and sleep disturbance was reported by 85 (42.5%) of the subjects. The majority of individuals (n: 187; 93.5%) had a moderately favourable attitude towards living with psoriasis.

Conclusion: Living with psoriasis can be difficult for patients because of the inconvenience caused by the disease in their daily life. Knowledge about the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis may increase the patient’s perception of control and attention to aggravating factors may increase patient’s compliance with treatment and positive lifestyle habits.
Two Isoforms of serpent Containing Either One or Two GATA Zinc Fingers Provide Functional Diversity During Drosophila Development
Authors: Moussalem Douaa , Augé Benoit , Di Stefano Luisa , Osman Dani , Gobert Vanessa , Haenlin Marc
Published: February 2022

GATA transcription factors play crucial roles in various developmental processes in organisms ranging from flies to humans. In mammals, GATA factors are characterized by the presence of two highly conserved domains, the N-terminal (N-ZnF) and the C-terminal (C-ZnF) zinc fingers. The Drosophila GATA factor Serpent (Srp) is produced in different isoforms that contains either both N-ZnF and C-ZnF (SrpNC) or only the C-ZnF (SrpC). Here, we investigated the functional roles ensured by each of these isoforms during Drosophila development. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we generated new mutant fly lines deleted for one (ΔsrpNC) or the other (ΔsrpC) encoded isoform, and a third one with a single point mutation in the N-ZnF that alters its interaction with its cofactor, the Drosophila FOG homolog U-shaped (Ush). Analysis of these mutants revealed that the Srp zinc fingers are differentially required for Srp to fulfill its functions. While SrpC is essential for embryo to adult viability, SrpNC, which is the closest conserved isoform to that of vertebrates, is not. However, to ensure its specific functions in larval hematopoiesis and fertility, Srp requires the presence of both N- and C-ZnF (SrpNC) and interaction with its cofactor Ush. Our results also reveal that in vivo the presence of N-ZnF restricts rather than extends the ability of GATA factors to regulate the repertoire of C-ZnF bound target genes.
Cell Fusion-Related Proteins and Signaling Pathways, and Their Roles in the Development and Progression of Cancer
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ma Hong , Yang Xiaohui , Fan Linlin , Tian Shifeng , Niu Rui , Yan Man , Zheng Minying , Zhang Shiwu
Published: February 2022

Cell fusion is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including gamete binding, and cancer development. The basic processes of cell fusion include membrane fusion, cytoplasmic mixing, and nuclear fusion. Cell fusion is regulated by different proteins and signaling pathways. Syncytin-1, syncytin-2, glial cell missing 1, galectin-1 and other proteins (annexins, myomaker, myomerger etc.) involved in cell fusion via the cyclic adenosine-dependent protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein kinase, wingless/integrase-1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways. In the progression of malignant tumors, cell fusion is essential during the organ-specific metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), cancer angiogenesis and cancer immunity. In addition, diploid cells can be induced to form polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) via cell fusion under many kinds of stimuli, including cobalt chloride, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine. PGCCs have CSC-like properties, and the daughter cells derived from PGCCs have a mesenchymal phenotype and exhibit strong migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities. Therefore, exploring the molecular mechanisms of cell fusion can enable us better understand the development of malignant tumors. In this review, the basic process of cell fusion and its significance in cancer is discussed.
Protective Effect of Minocycline Hydrochloride on the Mouse Embryonic Development Against Suboptimal Environment
Authors: Hou Xiaojing , Cai Changming , He Yuanlin , An Shiyu , Zhao Shuqin , Sun Hao , Yang Yang
Published: February 2022

Numerous studies have reported how inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) was determined during the process of early mouse embryonic development from zygotes into organized blastocysts, however, multiple mysteries still remain. It is noteworthy that pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which are derived from embryos at different developmental stages, have identical developmental potential and molecular characteristics to their counterpart embryos. Advances of PSCs research may provide us a distinctive perspective of deciphering embryonic development mechanism. Minocycline hydrochloride (MiH), a critical component for maintaining medium of novel type of extended pluripotent stem cells, which possesses developmental potential similar to both ICM and TE, can be substituted with genetic disruption ofParp1in our previous study. ThoughParp1-deficient mouse ESCs are more susceptible to differentiate into trophoblast derivatives, what role of MiH plays in mouse preimplantation embryonic development is still a subject of concern. Here, by incubating mouse zygotes in a medium containing MiH till 100 h after fertilization, we found that MiH could slow down embryonic developmental kinetics during cleavage stage without impairing blastocyst formation potential. Olaparib and Talazoparib, two FDA approved PARP1 inhibitors, exhibited similar effects on mouse embryos, indicating the aforementioned effects of MiH were through inhibiting of PARP1. Besides, we showed an embryonic protective role of MiH against suboptimal environment including long term exposure to external environment and H2O2 treatment, which could mimic inevitable manipulation during embryo culture procedures in clinical IVF laboratory. To our knowledge, it is not only for the first time to study MiH in the field of embryo development, but also for the first time to propose MiH as a protective supplement for embryo culture, giving the way to more studies on exploring the multiple molecular mechanisms on embryonic development that might be useful in assisted reproductive technology.
Experimental Study on the Mechanical and Permeability Properties of Lining Concrete Under Different Complex Stress Paths
Authors: Liu Wenhao , Peng Huihua , Guo Pengyu , Chen Shengwei , Liu Wei , Kang Yanfei
Published: February 2022

A promising large-scale energy storage is underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) in lined rock caverns. To ensure the safety and stability of storage caverns because of the influence of periodic injection during production, it is crucial to understand the mechanical behavior of lining concrete under different complex stress paths. In this study, three types of uniaxial compressive fatigue test and uniaxial creep test were conducted on concrete. The following conclusions were obtained from the results. 1) The irreversible deformation after the interval was larger than that before the interval in the discontinuous multi-step cyclic loading (DMCL) test. 2) Loading velocity significantly influenced concrete fatigue, and the irreversible deformation in the cycle of low loading velocity was greater than that in the cycle of high loading velocity. 3) The residual strain increased with an increase in stress level. 4) The creep strain increased with an increase in stress level during the multi-step creep loading test; the fractional derivative results were more consistent with the experimental results. 5) The permeability of concrete increased rapidly under the influence of an external force when the stress level exceeded 0.73.
Identifying Sources and Oxidation of Methane in Standing Dead Trees in Freshwater Forested Wetlands
Authors: Martinez Melinda , Ardón Marcelo , Carmichael Mary Jane
Published: February 2022

Wetlands are large sources of methane (CH4), therefore it is vital to understand the pathways, mechanisms, and sources to anticipate future positive feedbacks to climate change. Plant mediated transport of CH4 from sediment-borne gases is thought to be a major contributor in wetland ecosystems, though few studies have measured standing dead trees (snags). Snags are expected to become more common across the southeastern coast as marshes migrate into freshwater forested wetlands. In this study, our goal was to distinguish the main sources of CH4 being emitted from snags, that is, from soil or in situ origin. The δ2H and δ13C stable isotopic composition from various sources was sampled for source determination. We measured CH4 in various components: emissions from snag stem sides and the soil-atmosphere interface; and concentrations from snag trunk airspace at various heights from ground level (30, 60, and 120 cm), and soil porewater. Potential CH4 production and oxidation in tree cores from two heights (60 and 120 cm) was also measured to examine the potential for CH4 generation or oxidation in stems. We found that CH4 concentrations inside snags (∼10–200 ppm) were 2–50 times higher than atmospheric levels, and generally decreased with increasing stem height. The stable isotopes δ13C and δ2H showed an enrichment from porewater to soils and snag stems. δ13C enrichment of CH4 in snag stems suggests that CH4 is being oxidized as it moves through snags. The tree core vial incubations showed that very few cores produced small amounts of CH4 under anaerobic conditions (n = 5 out of 50), and very few cores oxidized CH4 under more aerobic conditions (n = 5 out of 50). It is possible that a small amount of CH4 is produced in-situ within the heartwood, but it is likely this depends on the density, porosity, and aeration of snags (degree of decay). Our results highlight that high concentrations of CH4 can persist within the heartwood of snags long after initial decay, and that CH4 emitted from snags is largely derived from deep wetland soils and oxidized during transport (via diffusion) throughout the stem of snags.