bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review Series: Examples of Chronic Care Model: The home-based chronic care model: Redesigning home health for high quality care delivery
Authors: Suter Paula , Hennessey Beth , Florez Donna , Newton Suter W.
Published: February 2011

Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) face significant challenges due to frequent distressing dyspnea and deficits related to activities of daily living. Individuals with COPD are often hospitalized frequently for disease exacerbations, negatively impacting quality of life and healthcare expenditure burden. The home-based chronic care model (HBCCM) was designed to address the needs of patients with chronic diseases. This model facilitates the re-design of chronic care delivery within the home health sector by ensuring patient-centered evidence-based care. This HBCCM foundation is Dr. Edward Wagner s chronic care model and has four additional areas of focus: high touch delivery, theory-based self management, specialist oversight and the use of technology. This article will describe this model in detail and outline how model use for patients with COPD can bring value to stakeholders across the health care continuum.
Immobilized Insulin Amyloid Enhances Cell Adhesion and Proliferation Due to Interaction with Fibronectin
Authors: Sakono Masafumi , Akiyama Shigenori , Zako Tamotsu , Sakaki Shujiro , Waku Tomonori , Tanaka Naoki , Maeda Mizuo
Published: February 2011

In this study, we investigated the possibility of employing an insulin amyloid without the cell binding motif sequence as a novel cell adhesion material. Immobilized insulin amyloid on cell culture plates shows higher cell adhesion properties compared with untreated plates. Interestingly, cells adhered to the insulin amyloid displayed marked cell proliferation. It was also demonstrated that the insulin amyloid interacted with fibronectin present within the serum.
Enantioselective Synthesis Induced by Compounds with Chirality Arising from Partially Deuterated Methyl Groups in Conjunction with Asymmetric Autocatalysis
Authors: Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Ozawa Hitomi , Ito Masateru , Soai Kenso
Published: February 2011

Enantioselective synthesis has been achieved using chiral compounds arising from mono- and dideuterated methyl groups as chiral inducers in conjunction with asymmetric autocatalysis. The absolute configuration of the product was controlled by the small degree of chirality generated by the difference between the partially deuterated methyl groups (CDH2 and CD2H) and the non-deuterated methyl group (CH3) in N-benzoyl-α-methylalanine.
Nickel-catalyzed Decarbonylative Cycloaddition of Phthalic Anhydrides with 1,3-Dienes
Authors: Fujiwara Kyohei , Kurahashi Takuya , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: February 2011

An intermolecular nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative [4 + 2] cycloaddition has been developed where phthalic anhydrides react with 1,3-dienes to afford substituted 3-vinyldihydroisocoumarins.
Innovative Decision Support in a Petrochemical Production Environment
Authors: Meyer Marlize , Robinson Hylton , Fisher Michele , van der Merwe Anette , Streicher Gerrit , van Rensburg Johan Janse , van den Berg Hentie , Dreyer Esmi , Joubert Jaco , Bonthuys Gerkotze , Rossouw Ruan , Louw Willem , van Deventer Lorraine , Wykes Cecile , Cawood Ebert
Published: February 2011

Sasol, an integrated energy and chemicals company based in South Africa, leads the world in producing liquid fuels from natural gas and coal. Sasol faces many challenges, such as stricter fuel specifications, fluctuating oil and gas prices, and unique developing-world issues. Historically, the petrochemical industry based business decisions on average production limits. Sasol critically needed a better method to understand and include the effect of variability and dynamics in its decisions. The company's modeling operations using stochastic simulation (MOSS) methodology is an application of operations research that has helped to radically improve decision making. Sasol used this methodology to build three discrete-event simulation models spanning its unique coal-to-liquids value chain. The models have repeatedly proven their value by enhancing insights, enabling collaboration, ensuring efficient and effective production, and improving Sasol's bottom line. This work has applications in the wider chemical and fuels industries and represents a major step forward for operations research and chemical engineering.
Inventory Optimization at Procter & Gamble: Achieving Real Benefits Through User Adoption of Inventory Tools
Authors: Farasyn Ingrid , Humair Salal , Kahn Joel I. , Neale John J. , Rosen Oscar , Ruark John , Tarlton William , Van de Velde Wim , Wegryn Glenn , Willems Sean P.
Published: February 2011

Over the past 10 years, Procter & Gamble has leveraged its cross-functional organizational structure with operations research to reduce its inventory investment. Savings were achieved in a two-step process. First, spreadsheet-based inventory models locally optimized each stage in the supply chain. Because these were the first inventory tools installed, they achieved significant savings and established P&G's scientific inventory practices. Second, P&G's more complex supply chains implemented multiechelon inventory optimization software to minimize inventory costs across the end-to-end supply chain. In 2009, a tightly coordinated planner-led effort, supported by these tools, drove $1.5 billion in cash savings. Although case studies show the mathematics employed, of equal importance is the presentation of the planning process that facilitates inventory management and the decision tree that matches a business to the optimal inventory tool depending on the requirements of the business. Today, more than 90 percent of P&G's business units (about $70 billion in revenues) use either single-stage (70 percent) or multiechelon (30 percent) inventory management tools. Plans are underway to increase the use of multiechelon tools to manage 65 percent of P&G's supply chains in the next three years.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rand Graham
Published: February 2011

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. For more information about book reviews, please send an e-mail to interfacesbookreviews@gmail.com .

The authors or editors of books that we review in this issue are J. Scott Armstrong, Javier Faulin, Angel A. Juan, Sebastián Martorell, and José Emmanuel Ramírez-Márquez. The outgoing book reviews editor, Benjamin Lev, handled the reviews in this issue.
Psychosocial Factors of Stages of Change Among Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Hsu Sharon , Fernhall Bo , Hui Stanley Sai Chuen , Halle James
Published: February 2011

Relationships among full constructs of the transtheoretical model using a sample of 121 adults with mild intellectual disabilities in Taiwan were examined. Self-reports of stages of change and transtheoretical model psychosocial measures were gathered through interviews. Although MANCOVA revealed that behavioral processes of change, cognitive processes of change, self-efficacy, and perceived pros increased across stages, we did not find a clear linear pattern of association. Direct discriminant function analysis indicated that the most important predictors of stages of change were behavioral processes, cognitive processes, and self-efficacy. The overall stage of change classification accuracy using transtheoretical model psychosocial constructs was 56.2%. Psychosocial measures specifically developed for this population should be further explored.
Physical Activity and Nutrition Health Promotion Interventions: What is Working for People With Intellectual Disabilities?
Authors: Heller Tamar , McCubbin Jeffrey A. , Drum Charles , Peterson Jana
Published: February 2011

A scoping review of studies on physical activity and nutrition health promotion interventions for individuals with intellectual disabilities was conducted. Searches included MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases from 1986 through July 2006. The final number included 11 articles comprising 12 studies. Generally, this review indicated some evidence for fitness and psychosocial benefits of community-based physical activity and exercise programs for adults with intellectual disabilities. When combined with a more comprehensive health behavior education program incorporating exercise and nutrition information, some evidence exists for reductions in weight.
Palatoplasty and Growth of the Temporal Bone Mastoid Air Cells
Authors: Kobayashi Hitome , Sakuma Takaaki , Terao Hajime , Sanbe Takeyuki , Suzaki Harumi , Ohkubo Fumio
Published: February 2011

Objectives

The present study was undertaken to analyze the relationship between the method used for manipulation of the levator veli palatini muscle and the area of the mastoid air cells in patients with cleft palate.

Design

Retrospective study.

Patients

The subjects were 50 patients seen for surgical treatment of cleft palate.

Interventions

Palatoplasty was carried out using the mucosal flap method in 25 patients and the mucoperiosteal flap method in 25 patients. In the mucosal flap method, the levator veli palatini muscle was overlapped and sutured, followed by posterior movement of the muscle bundle (the posterior relocation group). In the mucoperiosteal flap method (the control group), the mucoperiosteal flap was pushed back, followed by end-to-end suturing of the muscle. The area of the mastoid air cells was measured on X-rays when patients were 5 years old.

Results

The mastoid air cell area did not differ significantly between the posterior relocation group (mean, 5.00 cm2; range, 1.66 to 19.7 cm2) and the control group (mean, 5.3 cm2; range, 2.29 to 15.9 cm2).

Conclusion

No significant growth of mastoid air cells was noted following posterior relocation of the levator veli palatini muscle. Thus, in cases of cleft palate in which significant growth of mastoid air cells is not expected following reconstruction of the levator veli palatini muscle, the results confirm the view that tympanic ventilation tube insertion is the most suitable method for the treatment of otitis media.
Corrosion mitigation of chloride-contaminated reinforced concrete structures: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Das Sunil C , Pouya Homayoon Sadeghi , Ganjian Eshmaiel
Published: February 2011

Corrosion is a worldwide problem and costs billions of pounds. The corrosion problem is not something new but awareness of the problem in association with civil engineering structures, particularly reinforced/prestressed concrete highway bridges, multi-storey car parks and buildings, is relatively new. Corrosion is insidious in nature and the corrosion of steel in concrete is only apparent when it is quite advanced and manifests itself progressively in the form of ‘rust’ stains, cracking, delamination and finally spalling with exposed and corroding steel reinforcement. The proper application of available science and technology can save a large amount of waste due to corrosion. Over the last two decades a number of corrosion mitigation techniques have been developed. Some are more successful than others. Cathodic protection is the only proven technique for stopping the corrosion of steel in chloride-contaminated concrete.
Building limes in the United Kingdom
Authors: Livesey Paul
Published: February 2011

This paper traces the development of lime as a building material, from ancient times to classical Roman technology, its loss in the Dark Ages, its restoration in the technical revolution until superseded by cement and its re-emergence in recent times. It follows the developing product with evolving production technology and its classification with increased understanding of materials science. The modern understanding of microstructure is used to explain the benefits of porosity and plasticity, and examples are given of mixes for exposure conditions. The environmental benefits are compared with those of alternative binders.
Engineering safety
Authors: Blockley David I.
Published: February 2011

How is engineering safety best served by forensic science and engineering that pertains to legal processes? A critical question for a lawyer is ‘who is trying to do what to whom?’ The primary concern of the court is not an abstract inquiry into the causes of an incident but to establish who is to blame. Failure is essential to the growth of knowledge. As failure is exactly what engineers do not want it is all the more essential that we learn lessons when it does happen. Technical reports are embedded in human and social systems and so forensic engineers must be sensitive to semantic subtleties regarding error, mistakes, accidents and disasters. Models of how ‘latent’ hazards, technical and social, are given, but all require engineers to think in an integrated way – to cross disciplinary boundaries between ‘hard’ physical technical systems and ‘soft’ managerial ones. This may be facilitated by systems thinking – a way of looking for commonalities, dealing with dimensionality, multiple perspectives and looking for alignment between fragmented professional and social silos.
A model for natural soil with bonds
Authors: YAN W.M. , LI X.S.
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for natural soils with bonds. In the model, the free energy (the internal energy available to do work) is contributed partly by the so-called frozen or locked energy, whose evolution is assumed to be homogeneously related to the irrecoverable deformation. During loading, the bonds existing in the natural soil not only boost the dissipation rate but also liberate certain historically accumulated locked energy. Such effects, however, are diminished as loading proceeds and the bonds are destroyed. The novel aspect of the present model is that it accommodates both the Mohr–Coulomb and critical-state failure modes, and the two modes are unified through the evolution law of a thermodynamic force associated with the locked bonding energy. As compared with the classical Cam-clay models, the model contains two additional material constants, where one is proposed by Collins & Kelly to improve the shape of the yield surface, and the other is dedicated to bonding evolution. The calibration procedure for the material parameters is provided. The capability of the model is demonstrated by a series of model simulations on a hypothetical bonded soil under various triaxial loading paths, and the model response is also compared with representative testing results in the literature.
A subgrade reaction solution for piles to stabilise landslides
Authors: CAI F. , UGAI K.
Published: February 2011

This paper reports a subgrade reaction solution for piles used to stabilise landslides where the sliding layer laterally moves with a displacement decreasing linearly with depth. The developed subgrade reaction solution can deal with the case in which pile segments in both sliding and stable layers are not flexible, and can also calculate the pile response under the additional resistance required to stabilise the landslide. Transforming coordinate systems, the conventional solution can be obtained from the developed subgrade reaction solution for the case in which the movement of the sliding layer is uniform with depth. Two case studies indicate that the pile response, especially the maximum bending moment, calculated by using the developed subgrade reaction solution, was consistent with the measurements. The movement gradient of the sliding layer had a significant influence on the response of stabilising piles, and it usually increased the maximum bending moment of the pile segment in the stable layer. Stabilising piles would be potentially unsafe if such influence were not considered in design. Using the developed subgrade reaction solution, dimensionless design charts were created for the case in which the pile segment in the sliding layer is not flexible.
The case for behaviour-based safety in construction
Authors: Lees Howard , Austin John
Published: February 2011

Construction continues to have the largest number of fatal and major injuries among UK industry groups and the general rates have shown only a small amount of change over the last few years. Safety processes can (and do) fail, resulting in injuries and incidents. Behavioural science uses data and analysis to come to conclusions about what is actually happening. Therefore, objectivity is at the core of behavioural science. This science of behaviour can help us produce more effective implementations of safety solutions. Behaviour-based safety (BBS) processes most typically involve careful observation of behaviour, feedback, and reinforcement designed to change behaviour in strategic ways. BBS processes recognise the workplace environment as the dominant factor in the creation of safe working. This focus on behaviour needs to be coordinated with the elimination of work hazards. The authors’ basic premise is that workplace injuries are reduced when their causes are understood. This paper will discuss the history, successes, and failures of BBS, and suggest fertile areas for improving traditional safety practices.
The task demands assessment methodology
Authors: Mitropoulos Panagiotis , Namboodiri Manoj
Published: February 2011

The production parameters of construction operations, such as the speed and organisation of an operation, affect the exposures and risks that workers face. The task demands assessment is a new methodology for measuring the accident potential of construction operations and quantifying the effect of production variables on the safety risk of an operation. The method considers two key factors for assessing the potential for accidents:(a) the exposure to a hazard, and (b) the ‘task demands’ during the exposure, which reflect the difficulty to do the work safely. In the heart of the task demands assessment methodology is the identification of the production variables that affect the exposure and the task demands. These are identified though observation of the actual operation and input from the activity participants. The paper describes the methodology, and presents a case study that measures the safety risk of a concrete paving operation. The case illustrates how this methodology can be used to analyse the effect of production variables on both productivity and safety, and how the method can quantify the accident potential of different production scenarios.
Humane Care: Seeing the Person Behind the Patient—A Case Study
Authors: Brittis Sarajane
Published: February 2011

This article is about the importance of retaining a focus on the humanity of older adults while rendering care to them through community and long-term care services. It is written from my experience as a director of a community service (Adult Day Health Care [ADHC] program), a program officer at a foundation devoted to improving health care for older Americans, a researcher who spent years conducting interviews with staff workers in long-term care services, and from the perspective of a professional and personal caregiver and friend to many elders living in the community—in their own homes and in nursing homes. From these diverse professional and personal roles and perspectives, I have learned that the formation of authentic human relationships, which go beyond the routine medical, nursing, and social work approach to care, can play a vital role in healing and addressing loneliness in elders—and transform the lives of their personal and professional caregivers as well. A focus on humanity need not cost money or place a heavy demand on the worker. In fact, it can be one of the most cost-effective approaches to improving quality in health care, attracting workers to the field of long-term care, and boosting the morale of both caregivers and care recipients.
The Effect of Tooth-preparation Cleansing Protocol on the Bond Strength of Self-adhesive Resin Cement to Dentin Contaminated with a Hemostatic Agent
Authors: Chaiyabutr Y. , Kois J. C.
Published: February 2011

Clinical Relevance

After contamination with hemostatic agents, tooth-preparation cleansing protocols using either particle abrasion with low-pressure aluminum oxide particles or phosphoric acid-etching restored bond strengths to pre-contamination levels for a self-adhesive resin cement.
Monomer Conversion in Dual-cured Core Buildup Materials
Authors: Kournetas N. , Tzoutzas I. , Eliades G.
Published: February 2011

Clinical Relevance

Some dual-cured core buildup materials demonstrate a very slow chemical initiation mechanism that leads to low conversion at areas distal to the activating light, providing a weak core structure during the early setting stages.
Effect of Tubular Orientation on the Dentin Bond Strength of Acidic Self-etch Adhesives
Authors: Schiltz-Taing M. , Wang Y. , Suh B. , Brown D. , Chen L.
Published: February 2011

Clinical Relevance

The effectiveness of self-etch adhesive systems is dependent on both the physical properties of the adhesive and the integrity of the adhesive-dentin interface. Most importantly, the integrity of the adhesive-dentin interface is affected by the tubule orientation of the intaglio dentin structure. The initial bond strength and potential durability of the self-etch adhesive interfaces to dentin are significantly affected by both the adhesive pH and occlusally-oriented tubule direction. The clinical relevance to the dentist is that the results reported for bond strengths by both manufacturers and independent researchers should be interpreted and compared based on the orientation of the dentin used for the measurements, particularly for those adhesives that are very acidic (pH lower than 2).
A Comparison of Stillborn Birth Weights and Postmortem Weights
Authors: Pinar Halit , Iyigun Murat
Published: February 2011

Birth weights obtained by the nurses in the labor and delivery room were compared with the postmortem weights examination prospectively in 212 stillborns. The effects of gestational age, degree of maceration, birth weight, gender, and time elapsed from delivery to postmortem examinations were also examined. There were 96 female and 116 male stillborns in the study. The gestational ages ranged from 14 to 42 weeks. The degree of maceration ranged from 0 to 5, 0 being no maceration and 5 representing the most extreme condition, which was mummification. There was an average of a 50 g decrease in the weights of all stillborns when their birth weights and postmortem weights were compared. This was equal to an average relative weight loss of 7.1%. When all the variables were examined, only the degree of maceration and gestational age were identified to play significant roles in weight loss ( P < 0.0001 for both). A higher degree of maceration meant more weight loss, whereas older gestational age led to less weight loss. There is significant discrepancy between the birth and postmortem examination weights of stillborns. Although gender, birth weight, and time elapsed from delivery to postmortem examination did not have any significant effects, the degree of maceration and gestational age affected the observed weight loss. In stillborns, birth weights are more accurate than weights obtained at postmortem examination.
Bed Accessibility in a Private Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Galletly Cherrie , Bell Stacy , Burton Cassandra , Turnbull Carol
Published: February 2011

Objective: Access to beds is a major problem in many psychiatric services and increased waiting times can lead to adverse health outcomes. While there has been a considerable amount of research evaluating bed management systems in public psychiatric services, the private sector has received little attention. This project aimed to determine the time to admission for patients referred to an acute private psychiatric hospital, and to identify factors contributing to time intervals between referral and admission.

Method: All staff involved in the admission process engaged in an ongoing, interactive data collection process. Accurate data on waiting times for acute patients was obtained and fed back to credentialed admitting psychiatrists.

Results: Determinants of admission were clarified. For urgent admissions, the longest time interval was between the patient being advised that a bed was available and actually presenting themselves at the hospital.

Conclusion: The project was effective in clarifying admission flow in a private psychiatric hospital. Some strategies that might reduce time intervals between referral and admission are described.
Surgical management challenges and clinical results of bimanual micro-incision phacoemulsification cataract surgery in children with congenital cataract
Authors: Amon M
Published: February 2011

Introduction: Small incisions in cataract surgery have shown to reduce tissue damage, postoperative inflammation and pain. Objective: To describe in detail the surgical management challenges and clinical results of bimanual micro-incision phacoemulsification cataract surgery in children with congenital cataract. Materials and methods: In 22 eyes of 14 children aged from 11 months to 17 years with congenital cataract, micro-incision cataract surgery with lensectomy, bimanual aspiration or phacoemulsification and implantation of an intraocular lens (SN60WF, Alcon®) was performed under general anesthesia. The visual equivalent obtained with age-related methods, the slit-lamp examination, and refractive outcome were documented in the medical records and were analyzed retrospectively. The patients fulfilled at least 3 months of follow up. Results: In all operated eyes, micro-incision cataract surgery could be performed without serious intra-operative complications. Lensectomy was safely combined with a primary posterior capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy in 17 of 22 eyes. Corneal incision length ranged between 2.2 mm and 2.6 mm (mean: 2.3 ± 0.2 mm). No cases of postoperative hypotony and increased inflammation were observed. One eye required surgical removal of the after-cataract 7 months after surgery. Laser capsulotomy for posterior capsular opacification had to be performed in 2 (9 %) eyes. In all other eyes (19/22), visual axis remained clear during follow-up.Conclusion: Micro-incision cataract surgery is a promising alternative to conventional pediatric cataract surgery, since the technique showed to be comparably safe and effective. Longer follow-up examinations will now be performed.Key words: congenital cataract; bimanual micro-incision phacoemulsificationDOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4270Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):3-8
A comparative study of sclero-corneal and clear corneal tunnel incision in manual small-incision cataract surgery
Authors: Archana S , Khurana AK , Chawla U
Published: February 2011

Background: Cataract surgery techniques have improved a lot over the years from couching to the latest micro-incision cataract surgery. Objectives: To compare the temporal sclero-corneal and clear corneal tunnel incisions in patients undergoing manual small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) with respect to the surgically-induced astigmatism. Materials and methods: The present study included 60 patients who underwent manual SICS with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Group A comprised of 30 patients, selected randomly, who underwent sutureless manual SICS through 6 mm curvilinear clear corneal tunnel incision made temporally and Group B comprised of 30 patients, selected randomly, who underwent sutureless manual SICS through 6 mm straight sclero-corneal tunnel made temporally. The patients were assessed at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months post-operatively and visual acuity and keratometry findings were recorded. The amount of surgically induced astigmatism was calculated using Holladay’s formula. Statistics: Numerical data were compared between the two groups using unpaired Student’s t-test. The p value of < 0.50 was considered significant. Results: The mean induced astigmatism in Group A was 2.69 ± 0.84 D at 1 week, 2.31 ± 0.77 D at 2 weeks; 2.03 ± 0.82 D at 4 weeks and 1.98 ± 0.54 D at 8 weeks post-operatively. In group B, it was 1.85 ± 0.62 D, 1.56 ± 0.54 D, 1.35 ± 0.49 D and 1.34 ±0.45 D at 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks postoperatively. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/ 20 was seen in 20 % of patients in group A and in 40 % in group B at 8 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion: Surgically-induced astigmatism is significantly higher in clear corneal manual SICS than in sclero-corneal. Our study confirmed the safety and improvement in visual acuity after small-incision cataract surgery using sclero-corneal tunnel incision. Key words: astigmatism; sclero-corneal; clear corneal tunnel; extra-capsular cataract surgery; small incision cataract surgery DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4273Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):19-22
A profile of eye-lid conditions requiring reconstruction among the patients attending an oculoplasty clinic in mid-western region of Nepal
Authors: Gautam P , Adhikari RK , Sharma BR
Published: February 2011

Introduction: Some eyelid defects require reconstruction. Objective: To study the eyelid conditions requiring reconstruction among the patients attending an oculoplasty clinic of a tertiary level eye institute. Materials and methods: All the cases of eyelid reconstruction surgery of two years were retrospectively included in this study. The parameters studied were causes of eyelid defects, age and gender of the patients and the reconstructive surgical procedures. Results: Of 43 cases that required eyelid reconstructive surgery 17 (39.53 %) had ocular tumors and 16 (37.2%) had trauma. The mean age of presentation was 42 years ± 13.89 (4- 84 years. Of the eyelid tumors, benign lesions were found in 7 (41.1%) followed by basal cell carcinoma in 5 (29%). The surgical procedures carried out were direct closure of defects in 15 (35%), excision of cicatrized tissue with skin graft in 7 (16%), reconstruction with rotational flap in 6 (14%), blepharoplasty in 4 (9%), gold weight in 4 (9%), lid sharing procedure (Cutler-Beard procedure) in 3(7%), lateral tarsorraphy in 2 (5%) and canalicular repair with silastic tube intubation in 2 (5%). Conclusion: Ocular tumors are the most frequent conditions requiring eyelid reconstructive surgery. The common reconstructive procedures are direct closure followed by excision of cicatrized tissue with skin graft.Keywords: eyelid; Oculoplastic surgeries; trauma; tumor  DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4279Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):49-51
Treatment of corneal disease with traditional Tibetan medicine: A report of four cases
Authors: Yangkyi Tseten , Waller Stephen G
Published: February 2011

DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v3i1.4284Nepal J Ophthalmol 2011;3(5):83-85
Two Cist Burials at Kintyre Nurseries, Campbeltown, Argyll
Authors: Peltenburg E J
Published: February 2011

Summary

Part of the plan and contents of a large cist burial and the presence of a smaller one were noted during building operations at this site. Rescue excavation in the former produced traces of an inhumation burial, a flint blade knife, a crescentic jet necklace and perhaps a bracelet; labourers salvaged a Food Vessel from the latter. These finds emphasize the W and coastal distribution of such necklaces in SW Scotland during the mid-2nd millennium BC, but no further dating evidence was obtained, nor were there traces of more graves in an area of nearly 200m2subsequently cleared.
Dun an Ruigh Ruaidh, Loch Broom, Ross & Cromarty Excavations in 1968 and 1978
Authors: MacKie Euan W
Published: February 2011

Summary

The site is an Iron Age stone fortlet, of the semibroch type and probably a prototype broch; it is only the second of its class to be excavated. Radiocarbon dates show that it was built in the 3rd or 2nd centuries b.c. and this early date is supported also by the artefacts. The mainly aceramic material culture shows strong links with S Scotland but the fort itself is Hebridean, as are the three early potsherds found. The wall has an upper and lower intra-mural gallery and seems originally to have contained a roofed round-house with an oval of wooden posts and a central hearth. Later the wall was partly demolished and the Iron Age occupation continued for a while. After a period of abandonment there was some Medieval use of the wall gallery and sheep dippers worked in the ruined fort in recent times.
Excavation in the Lower Church of Glasgow Cathedral
Authors: Gordon Alistair R
Published: February 2011

Summary

The object of the excavation, in the westernmost central bay of the Lower Church, was to discover if any evidence of structural remains of the church of 1136 or that of 1197 were present. Results were inconclusive, although the position of the foundations, incorporating earlier material, of the arcade piers of the 13th century church suggested the re-use of earlier foundations. An annular stone feature of medieval date, with a purposely perforated inlet pipe, sited on the central axis of the church near the shrine of St Kentigern, was considered a holy water basin connected with pilgrim visitation to the shrine.
A Fragment of a Stela of Senenmut
Authors: Thomson James K
Published: February 2011

Summary

One of the few women to occupy the throne in Ancient Egypt was the famous Queen Hatshepsut. Among the Egyptian antiquities preserved in Glasgow Art Gallery and Museum is a fragment of a stela bearing an inscription of the queen's chief steward Senenmut, whose career was closely connected with that of the ruler. Such inscribed material, however meagre in extent, helps to supplement the primary sources of this period of history.
Excavation of a Roman Bathhouse at Bothwellhaugh, 1975—76
Authors: Keppie L J F
Published: February 2011

Summary

In 1975—76 the extra-mural bathhouse of Bothwellhaugh Roman fort near Motherwell, Lanarkshire, was completely excavated prior to flooding of the site. The bathhouse, which probably overlay a small native settlement, was in use during the Antonine phase of the Roman occupation of Scotland (AD 142—c. 165). The bathhouse consisted of a vestibule, a cold room (Frigidarium) and cold plunge bath, two warm rooms (the First and the Second Tepidarium), a hot room (Caldarium) with adjacent hot bath, and a furnace room (Praefurnium). Three main phases of use were detected. After the building ceased to function as a bathhouse, it was occupied by squatters who adapted parts of the structure to their own needs and left evidence of their presence in a large quantity of animal bone. Radiocarbon dates on this bone indicate activity in the 2nd or 3rd centuries ad.
A Fallen Stone at the Ring Cairn of Culdoich, Clava, Inverness
Authors: Barber John
Published: February 2011

Summary

Excavation at the fallen stone by the ring cairn of Culdoich, Clava, Inverness, which lies to the SWof the main group of Clava cairns, produced no dating evidence. The orthoslat was thought to have been the remnant of a stone circle which encircled the cairn, but a resistivity survey of the area failed to locate any other sockets. Limited excavation under a large slab near the cairn produced ard marks, post-holes and a sherd of pottery under c. 60 cm of soil. This implies that a settlement, possibly associated with the cairns, lies protected beneath this layer.
The Leckie broch, Stirlingshire: an interim report
Authors: MacKie Euan W
Published: February 2011

Summary

Some of the results of the excavation of the broch at Leckie between 1970 and 1978 are briefly described. The clear stratigraphy and the many closely dateable Roman finds allow new conclusions to be drawn about the date of some Iron Age artefacts and about the origin of the southern Scottish brochs. For example it seems now that some of these brochs were built, presumably with the approval of the Roman Army, during the Flavian period (AD 80–100) and probably soon after Agricola's recall. The richness of the finds at Leckie, and the many valuable imported items, support the view that the southern broch builders were originally allies of Rome. Later, soon after the start of the Antonine period, things became different and this broch, probably with others, was destroyed – possibly by the Roman forces.
Gordon Parry's West Burra Survey
Authors: Hedges John W
Published: February 2011

Summary

In the course of casual fieldwalking during the early part of the Tougs excavations, Parry observed a number of field monuments on West Burra which were not included in the Royal Commission Inventory (1946), the Ordnance Survey Antiquity Cards (nd) or Colder's list of ‘neolithic’ houses, cairns and burnt mounds (1956; 1963). These sites included houses with field systems, spatially associated and seemingly unassociated burnt mounds, and dykes which appeared to partition the island. The recording of such a well preserved archaeological landscape was of obvious value and, as it was felt that this would add to our understanding of the site being excavated, the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments authorised a survey of West Burra as an integral part of the Tougs project. The survey was carried out over a three week period in April 1977 by Gordon Parry with the occasional assistance of R Barcham and R Wallace.
Interim report on the structures at Howe, Stromness, Orkney
Authors: Carter S P , Haigh D , Neil N R J , Smith Beverley
Published: February 2011

Summary

Excavations at Howe revealed a complex series of settlements which spanned the whole of the Iron Age period and were preceded by two phases of Neolithic activity. A probable stalled cairn was succeeded by a Maes Howe type chambered tomb which was later followed by enclosed settlements of which only scant remains survived. These settlements were replaced by a roundhouse with earth-house, built into the ruins of the chambered tomb. The roundhouse was surrounded by a contemporary defended settlement. Rebuilding led to the development of a broch structure and village. Partial collapse of tower brought about changes in the settlement, andalthougk some houses were maintained as domestic structures, others were rebuilt as iron-working sheds. The construction of smaller buildings and a later Iron Age or Pictish extended farmstead into rubble collapse accompanied a decline in the size of the settlement. The abandonment of the farmstead marked the end of Howe as a settlement site.
WILLIAM HUNTER AND CAPTAIN COOK The 18th Century Ethnographical Collection in the Hunterian Museum
Authors: MacKie E W
Published: February 2011

Summary

‘First contact’ artefacts collected from aboriginal peoples by the early European explorers are now valuable in providing the only direct evidence for recent ‘Stone Age’ technologies which no longer exist. During the J770's Dr William Hunter collected many such artefacts for his private museum; most originated in the Pacific and in North America and had been collected by people who sailed with Captain James Cook. Since 1978 it has been possible to re-identify most of this early ethnographical material and to separate itfrom later acquisitions. To emphasise the archaeological relevance of this examples are described here from 18th century hunter-gatherer peoples (the Indians of Tierra delFuego, theNootka of British Columbia and the Eskimos of Alaska) and from stone-using farmers (the Maoris of New Zealand and the islanders of Hawaii). A list of the surviving early collection is given in microfiche.
Bronze Age Structures at Tougs, Burra Isle, Shetland
Authors: Hedges J W
Published: February 2011

Summary

The 1977 excavation in Shetland of typical examples of an oval stone house, burnt mound, and field system, is reported on. The findings, including the dates — have implications for the elucidation of Shetland's prehistory, and are discussed. The assemblages of crude stone implements and quartz were specially collected and studied and the conclusions are innovatory. The survey of Burra Isle published in GAJ 11 (Hedges 1984) was complementary to the excavation.
The Metrology of Stone Rows: A Reassessment
Authors: Davis A
Published: February 2011

Summary

A reappraisal is attempted of Alexander Thom's metrological hypotheses concerning the spacings of stones in the prehistoric stone rows in Britain (Thom 1978). After full consideration of the archaeological status of the sites, and the application of improved statistical techniques, aquantum identifiable with the megalithic yard emerges at probability levels very much lower than hitherto suspected. The suggestion by Kendall (1974) and others, that the evidence for the quantum resides mainly among Scottish sites, is shown to be no longer tenable when all available data from circles and rows are considered. Strong evidence for a larger quantum, possibly identifiable with the ‘megalithic rod’, is obtained from two sites in northern Scotland.
Three Cists from Tayvallich, Argyll
Authors: Lehane D
Published: February 2011

Summary

Three cists were discovered during the rebuilding of a house in Tayvallich. They appear to have been inserted into a roughly oval pit. All three cists contained cremated human remains and Cist 3 also contained a food vessel with beaker affinities. Lithics from among the cairn material appear to be a redeposited Mesolithic assemblage.
Excavation at Cleaven Dyke, Perthshire, 1975
Authors: Adamson H C , Gallagher D B
Published: February 2011

Summary

An excavation examined the surviving evidence for the Cleaven Dyke in an area threatened by a pipeline, immediately west of the present upstanding earthwork. No artefacts were found but soil analysis suggests a date not incompatible with the early first millennium AD.
The distribution of lithic materials of possible Mesolithic age on the Isle of Arran
Authors: Allen Chris , Edwards Kevin J
Published: February 2011

Summary

Details are presented of 22 findspots in southern Arran which have produced pitchstone and flint materials. Although a microlithic component can be distinguished at 3 locations, most of the material is less diagnostic culturally. Radiocarbon dates are presented from two sites (in the late 7th and 6th millennia and in the 2nd millennium BC respectively), the distribution of locations is discussed and some finds are illustrated.
Excavations at Levan Castle, Gourock, 1966 & 1970-72
Authors: Denholm Peter C. , McCartney E. , Jarvis M. C. , Davis J. , Dickson J. H.
Published: February 2011

Summary

In 1970 Renfrewshire Planning Authority were concerned with proposals to develop part of the Levan estate for new housing, and wished to know the probable extent of the former barmkin and outbuildings. A three-season excavation was arranged and supervised by the writer, with the advice in the first year of Eric J. Talbot, then lecturer in medieval archaeology at Glasgow, and thereafter with the advice and support of the late Mrs. Anne Halifax-Crawford, Hon. Vice-President of this society and a member of the Renfrewshire Heritage Committee. The writer however claims any mistakes herein as his own.

Apart from identifying two sides of the barmkin, the operation produced an interesting range of late medieval pottery, including continental imports, and a large collection of animal bone from the kitchen midden, indicating contemporary diet (Appendix I).

The report is prefaced by a brief history of the building and its owners as far as is ascertainable from documentary sources, which in this case provide as much tentative dating information as the excavation.
A Romanesque crucifix from Macewen's Castle, Loch Fyne, Mid Argyll
Authors: Scott J. G.
Published: February 2011

Summary

This copper alloy crucifix was found during excavation at Macewen's Castle in Argyll in 1968 and closely resembles others known to date from the 12th century; it may have been made in Belgium. The arms could have been bent back to aid concealment in the 17th or 18th centuries.
Bodsberry Hill Unenclosed Platform Settlement, Near Elvanfoot, Strathclyde
Authors: Terry John
Published: February 2011

Summary

Excavation and survey work ahead of the new M74 road development, jointly funded by Historic Scotland and Scottish Office Industry Department (Roads), at an unenclosed platform settlement, with its accompanying field system, has yielded an Early Bronze Age radiocarbon date from a primary hut platform structure. Subsequent re-use of the single excavated platform stance is dated to the Pre-Roman Iron Age.
Roman Penetration in Strathclyde South of the Antonine Wall PART TWO: ROMANIZATION
Authors: Wilson Allan
Published: February 2011

Summary

It will be shown that at the time of Roman conquest, the Damnonii in Strathclyde consisted probably of a decentralised grouping of tribesmen whose political fragmentation is evidenced by their ubiquitous smallscale structures. Some form of hierarchical society is indicated with wealth based on ownership of land and stock and mixed farming the basic element in an embedded economy. Archaeological evidence suggests the Damnonii may have undergone a degree of agricultural revolution in the pre-Roman Iron Age sufficient to meet the demands of an invading and standing army. Roman finds clearly datable to the 1st century AD have been found on only three native sites at the extremities of the area under investigation, their presence suggesting not casual drift from Roman to native, but deliberate Roman policy to control the Damnonii through a few leaders rewarded with Roman patronage. The points of contact are widened in the 2nd century AD. Bearing in mind that Romanization in southern Scotland is different from that of the fully Romanized province of southern Britain and that Roman occupation in Scotland was relatively brief and essentially military, southern Scotland in effect being a frontier zone, it will be shown that the degree of Romanization is not insignificant and Romanization itself may even have gained momentum after the departure of the Roman army. An examination of the finds from Buiston crannog shows elements of continuity as well as discontinuity with Roman culture and technology. Perhaps the clearest expression of Romanization in the longer term, is the emergence of the Romano-British church in the Early Historic period in south-west Scotland.
Excavation of a small limekiln at North Medrox, Mollinsburn, North Lanarkshire
Authors: Alexander Derek
Published: February 2011

Summary

Excavation of a limekiln at North Medrox, near Mollinsburn, in North Lanarkshire was carried out in advance of the construction of the Loch Lomond Water Supply 1420mm Main from Balmore to Glenhove. The excavation revealed a stone-built, vertical draw-kiln; structural details included a splayed buttressed vent, a brick-built draw-hole, a kiln-bowl base of bedrock, and heavily vitrified sandstone wall faces. The kiln is dated by documentary evidence to the first half of the 19th century and was possibly in use earlier.
Excavations at 3–11 Main Street, Cumbernauld
Authors: Mackenzie J R , Stronach S
Published: February 2011

Summary

The Scottish Urban Archaeological Trust Ltd (SUAT) carried out excavations in advance of a possible infill development on a site located within the historic core of the village of Cumbernauld. Evidence of some 300–400 years of activity dating from the post-medieval period was uncovered with some residual finds from the medieval period. The excavations were jointly funded by the Cumbernauld Development Corporation and Historic Scotland.
Rescue Excavations at Plean Castle, Stirling District
Authors: Will Robert S
Published: February 2011

Summary

Excavations within the courtyard of the fifteenth century towerhouse were undertaken to fulfil conditions of Scheduled Monument Consent. They revealed some new details of the medieval structures, but encountered few stratified deposits. Most secure archaeological deposits appear to have been removed during the early twentieth century restoration.