bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neonatal and Pediatric Pressure Injuries Secondary to Limb Splinting for Intravascular Access: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Sweeney Kyrie A. , Cogill Kate , Davis Katrina , Jauncey-Cooke Jacqueline I.
Published: June 2018

Aim: This review aims to present a case series on pressure injury (PI) formation secondary to limb-splinting for preservation of peripheral intravascular catheter (PIVC) access in neonatal and pediatric patients. A literature review was undertaken to analyze the existing knowledge base on this phenomenon.

Background: Medical devices and attachments are considered a risk factor for PI development in neonates, infants, and children. Three cases of PI formation caused by contact with limb boards used to preserve PIVC access were identified in an Australian tertiary pediatric facility during 2016.

Methods: A literature search was conducted during December 2017 using the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, Excerpta Medica database, MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. Keywords used were pressure injury(ies), pressure ulcer, pressure ulcers, decubitus ulcer, and decubitus ulcers. Articles were excluded if published before 2006, patients were adolescents or adults, and if injuries were not caused by PIVC-associated limb-splinting. Patients included in the case series were identified through screening of admissions in one ward of a tertiary paediatric hospital.

Results: Five low-quality studies were included in the literature review. Three children were included in the case series. Each child acquired a PI subsequent to limb-splinting and taping adjacent to a PIVC. Hydration, nutritional state, and oxygenation did not appear to contribute to PI development in these cases.

Conclusions: There is a gap in the evidence base pertaining to PIVC splinting and its involvement with PI formation in neonates, infants, and children. The existing literature provides low-quality evidence this problem exists; thus, further research is recommended.
Effectiveness evaluation of fighter using fuzzy Bayes risk weighting method
Authors: Suo M. , Li S. , Chen Y. , Zhang Z. , Zhu B. , An R.
Published: June 2018

Multiple Attribute Decision Analysis (MADA), known to be simple and convenient, is one of the most commonly used methods for Effectiveness Evaluation of Fighter (EEF), in which the attribute weight assignment plays a key role. Generally, there are two parts in the index system of MADA, i.e. performance index and decision index (or label), which denote the specific performance and the category of the object, respectively. In some index systems of EEF, the labels can be easily obtained, which are presented as the generations of fighters. However, the existing methods of attribute weight determination usually ignore or do not take full advantage of the supervisory function of labels. To make up for this deficiency, this paper develops an objective method based on fuzzy Bayes risk. In this method, a loss function model based on Gaussian kernel function is proposed to cope with the drawback that the loss function in Bayes risk is usually determined by experts. In order to evaluate the credibility of assigned weights, a longitudinal deviation and transverse residual correlation coefficient model is designed. Finally, a number of experiments, including the comparison experiments on University of California Irvine (UCI) data and EEF, are carried out to illustrate the superiority and applicability of the proposed method.
Parametric analysis of composite sinusoidal specimens under quasi-static crushing
Authors: Mou H. L. , Su X. , Xie J. , Feng Z. Y.
Published: June 2018

This paper aims to build the finite element model of the composite sinusoidal specimens and to carry out the parametric analysis. In this paper, the damage behaviour and the energy-absorbing results of composite sinusoidal specimens have been studied by quasi-static crushing experiments. The failure mechanisms of specimens under quasi-static crushing is further analysed. A numerical simulation has been performed by using the finite element model code LS-DYNA. The numerical results, in terms of load -displacement data, have been compared against experimental data, and good agreement has been found. Moreover, a sensitivity study has been carried out by varying material properties in order to assess their influence on the numerical results, and the material parameter selection scheme is optimised based on the constructed corresponding response surfaces. The results show that the response surface model has passed the test of goodness of fit, and the optimisation method can effectively assist the finite element modelling, and greatly decrease the numbers of trial and error.
Words and Things and “The Kuba Miracle”
Authors: Kriger Colleen E.
Published: June 2018

The essay revisits Vansina’s work on the Kuba kingdom, drawing together art historical, historical linguistic, written documents, and oral sources. It argues that Vansina’s eclectic methodology fostered continual revision to his historical conclusions as new material in one of those threads forced rethinking interpretations of the others. Vansina’s captions to images of material forms from Kuba exemplify skilled compression while figuring African audiences, artisans, and owners of objects with humor and respect.
The Economic Cost of Noxious Weeds on Montana Grazing Lands
Authors: Mangold Jane M. , Fuller Kate B. , Davis Stacy C. , Rinella Matthew J.
Published: June 2018

We distributed a 16-question survey concerning noxious weed abundance, impacts, and management to livestock producers grazing on privately owned or leased grazing lands in Montana. The noxious weeds most commonly reported as being present on respondents’ grazing units were Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] (64% of grazing units) and leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) (45% of grazing units), and these species also reportedly caused the greatest reductions in livestock forage. Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale L.) was more prevalent than either spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe L.) or diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.) (39% vs. 32% and 10%, respectively, of grazing units), but collectively C. stoebe and C. diffusa were reported to cause greater forage reductions than C. officinale. The top three strategies used to manage noxious weeds were chemical control, grazing, and biological control. Combining survey responses with forage-loss models derived from field data for C. stoebe and E. esula, we estimated the combined cost of noxious weed management and forage losses on privately owned rangeland to be $3.54 ha−1 yr−1, or $7,243 annually for an average size grazing unit (i.e., 2,046 ha [5,055 ac]). Our estimates of economic losses are lower than many estimates from previous studies, possibly because we focused only on direct costs related to private grazing land, while other studies often consider indirect impacts. Nonetheless, our estimates are substantial; for example, our estimated loss equates to 24% of the average per-hectare lease rate for Montana grazing land.
Separated shear layer effect on shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interaction unsteadiness
Authors: Estruch-Samper David , Chandola Gaurav
Published: June 2018

This paper presents an experimental study on shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interaction unsteadiness and delves specifically into the shear layer’s role. A range of axisymmetric step-induced interactions is investigated and the scale of separation is altered by over an order of magnitude – mass in the recirculation by two orders – while subjected to constant separation-shock strength. The effect of the separated shear layer on interaction unsteadiness is thus isolated and its kinematics are characterised. Results point at a mechanism whereby the depletion of separated flow is dictated by the state of the large eddy structures at their departure from the bubble. Low-frequency pulsations are found to adjust in response and sustain a reconciling view of an entrainment–recharge process, with both an inherent effect of the upstream boundary layer on shear layer inception and an increase in the mass locally acquired by eddies as they develop downstream.
Rayleigh–Taylor stability in an evaporating binary mixture
Authors: Pillai Dipin S. , Narayanan R.
Published: June 2018

A heavy-over-light configuration of a fluid bilayer may be stabilized in the presence of a phase change if the system consists of a single component. However, if the fluid is composed of a binary mixture with the more volatile component having the lower surface tension, it is known that a Marangoni instability occurs. This instability owes its origin to concentration gradients created by the phase change, even though the phase change otherwise has a stabilizing effect. In this study, it is shown via a nonlinear model under a long-wavelength approximation, that this Marangoni destabilization is insufficient to cause a rupture of the interface under practical operating conditions. Computations reveal that the stabilizing effect of the phase change dominates as the film becomes thin by reversing the direction of the Marangoni flow, thereby halting the instability and any hope of rupture.
Asymptotic analysis of flow near a glacier terminus
Authors: MORLAND L. W.
Published: June 2018

The non-linearly viscous ice flow in the vicinity of a glacier terminus, an observation region, depends crucially on the upstream flow as well as on the local surface and bed conditions. The former requires a likely complex solution of the balance laws and boundary conditions for the complete glacier. However, if the profile and downstream surface tangential velocity in the observation region are measured at an observation time t = 0, and a two-dimensional flow approximation is satisfactory, the complete stress and velocity fields satisfying local reduced model equations in the observation region at time t = 0 can be determined by asymptotic expansions in upstream distance from the (moving) terminus. Thus the full strain-rate and stress tensors are determined without prescribing the basal conditions. The terminus velocity is determined in terms of the net accumulation or melt flux and surface velocity at the terminus, with bounds for advance or retreat. The analysis and illustration are presented for a plane flow approximation.
The South Brisbane Municipal Chambers
Authors: Roennfeldt Peter
Published: June 2018

During its 125-year history, the South Brisbane Municipal Chambers (Old Town Hall) has had numerous custodians and functions. Designed as a prominent landmark directly across the Brisbane River from the Queensland Parliament building, its ornate architectural features make it a unique example of late colonial extravagance. With the absorption of the City of South Brisbane into the greater Brisbane City Council in 1925, the building lost its original purpose, but was subsequently deployed in various ways. After serving as a Council Works Depot, it became the headquarters of the US armed forces Military Police during World War II, and was then converted into post-war residential flats for government engineers and architects. Since the late 1950s, ‘The Chambers’ has been an educational and cultural centre, initially as the first campus of the Queensland Conservatorium of Music, then as a centre for adult learning, and finally now in its completely refurbished form as part of the girls’ school Somerville House. This ‘building biography’ traces the various phases of this iconic landmark from the viewpoint of those who worked, lived or studied there, and also provides insights into its social context within the South Brisbane community.
'Let no one say the past is dead'
Authors: Furaih Ameer Chasib
Published: June 2018

The histories of Australian Aboriginal and African American peoples have been disregarded for more than two centuries. In the 1960s, Aboriginal and African American civil rights activists addressed this neglect. Each endeavoured to write a critical version of history that included their people(s). This article highlights the role of Aboriginal Australian poet Oodgeroo Noonuccal (formerly Kath Walker) (1920–93) and African American poet Sonia Sanchez (born 1934) in reviving their peoples’ history. Using Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of ‘minor literature’, the essay shows how these poets deterritorialise the English language and English poetry and exploit their own poetries as counter-histories to record milestone events in the history of their peoples. It will also highlight the importance of these accounts in this ‘history war’. It examines selected poems from Oodgeroo’s My People: A Kath Walker Collection and Sanchez’s Home Coming and We A BaddDDD People to demonstrate that similarities in their poetic themes are the result of a common awareness of a global movement of black resistance. This shared awareness is significant despite the fact that the poets have different ethnicities and little direct literary impact upon each other.
Introduction
Authors: Kraaier Niels , Williams Paul D.
Published: June 2018

Some time during late 2018, Queensland will become home to exactly five million people. That milestone alone is enough for any state to take stock, but when faced with both fiscal opportunity and economic challenges — and a recent state election that exposed a deeply divided electorate — it is clear that Queensland in 2018 finds itself at crossroads. Do we, in our economic and social policy, embrace risk and look forward to an optimistic future, or does a fearful Queensland turn inwards to seek a golden past that may never truly have existed? Do we continue to build a globalised and multicultural Queensland, or do we return to parochialism, protectionism and populism?
Back from the brink
Authors: Williams Paul D.
Published: June 2018

History will record the 2017 Queensland state election not only for its series of firsts — Annastacia Palaszczuk is the first woman state premier to win two successive elections — but also because it defied expectations. Despite its own lack-lustre campaign, an inauspicious economic climate and the revival of Pauline Hanson’s One Nation (PHON), Palaszczuk’s Labor Government enjoyed a small after-preference swing to it (despite a small primary swing against it) to win four additional seats and, with it, its first majority in the Legislative Assembly. Conversely, the Liberal-National Party (LNP) lost three seats in a significant primary swing against it, while PHON, after a chaotic campaign, won a just single seat in a statewide primary vote that fell well below expectations. This article argues that these unexpected results can be attributed to a number of factors, ranging from Palaszczuk’s relative popularity to voters’ desire for stable government to their disdain for an opposition (and opposition leader) many conflated with both PHON and former LNP Premier Campbell Newman. The article also suggests the election of the first majority government since 2012 could mark the stabilising of a hitherto volatile Queensland electorate as Palaszczuk appears to extend Labor’s second electoral hegemony.
Beyond the 'crisis and losers of globalisation' thesis
Authors: Mols Frank , Jetten Jolanda
Published: June 2018

There appears widespread consensus that economic downturns and peaks in immigration boost the appeal of populist parties. Economic crises, so the argument typically goes, increase fear and frustration among poor working-class voters. According to this ‘losers of globalisation’ logic, the recent revival of populist parties like One Nation should be attributed the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and a worsening global refugee crisis. At first glance, this logic seems plausible and intuitive. However, recent research has revealed that populist parties can thrive in times of economic prosperity, and attract large numbers of relatively affluent voters. According to this more recent research, support for populist parties tends to follow a V-curve pattern, with such parties attracting both voters who are ‘doing it tough’ financially (relative deprivation) and voters who enjoy above-average levels of prosperity (relative gratification). In this article, we analyse One Nation’s performance in the 2017 Queensland state elections from this new vantage point. Although we did not encounter a clear V-curve pattern, the findings nonetheless confirm earlier research showing that ‘income’ is a poor predictor of One Nation support. Discussion focuses on directions for future research, and urges populism researchers to move beyond a narrow focus on crisis, deprivation, and ‘losers of globalisation’.
How the 2017 same-sex marriage postal survey and the 2017 Queensland state election underscore the 'two Queenslands' thesis
Authors: Kraaier Niels
Published: June 2018

Based on an analysis of the 2017 same-sex marriage postal survey results and the results of the 2017 Queensland state election, this paper observes that residents of the south-east corner of the state appear to adopt feminine values as opposed to the masculinity for which Queensland is known. The results underscore the ‘two Queenslands’ thesis, which posits that the single geographic state of Queensland has cleaved over time into two entities quite distinct in their economic, political, social and cultural form. Moreover, they add fuel to the debate about secession. As residents of the south-east continue to develop their own identity, the desire for a state of South-East Queensland could at some point become a realistic scenario.
The Prosecution Project
Authors: Finnane Mark , Smaal Yorick
Published: June 2018

Family and local community historians have always made use of criminal justice records. Increasingly available as digital files, these documents are accessible to anyone with access to an internet-linked computer or even smartphone. In many cases, the fragmented nature of these records means their richness remains a potential rather than reality. The Prosecution Project links these records as a large-scale Australian exercise in unlocking the criminal justice records of all the states. We seek to digitise and eventually make publicly accessible the records of the criminal courts, documenting not only the names of the accused but of magistrates, judges, lawyers, police and victims and other witnesses. The project is a significant collaboration between university researchers and a large and growing community of volunteers. This paper outlines what the project is doing, how we are doing it and illustrates its potential use for family and local historians interested in Australia’s past.
Memories of Korean Modernity: Yi Kwangsu'sThe Heartlessand New Perspectives in Colonial Alterity
Authors: Choi Ellie
Published: June 2018

Yi Kwangsu'sThe Heartless(Mujŏng, 1917) is Korea's first mature novel and its most celebrated text, on par with Natsume Soseki'sKokoro(1914) and Lu Xun'sThe True Story of Ah Q(1922). Its place in world literary studies, however, has often been obscured by the author's later collaboration with the colonial state. This article attempts a new, spatialized reading of the much-studied work to reconsider alterity (Japan-Korea, city-hometown) as a precondition of modernity itself. The ancient seat of the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910), Seoul in the 1910s was swiftly transforming into theminjoknational capital and, simultaneously, a colonial city-within-empire. Competing identities of nation-versus-empire dominated its surfaces, veiling the processes of “coming up” (sanggyŏng上京) to the capital from forgotten localities, as many writers associated with Seoul were actually from provinces with regional affinities.The Heartless—a paean to the enlightenment and to the Koreanminjok—surprisingly reflects this dynamic, testifying to the “loss of hometown” by northwestern (Sŏbugin 西北人) writers like Yi Kwangsu, who regularly code-switched to their local dialects, as well as to the Japanese language.
‘Smugglers of Truth’: The Indian diaspora, Hindu nationalism, and the Emergency (1975–77)
Authors: ANDERSON EDWARD , CLIBBENS PATRICK
Published: June 2018

During the Indian Emergency (1975–77) a range of opposition groups and the Indian state competed to mobilize the Indian diaspora. The Emergency therefore needs to be understood as a global event. Opposition activists travelled overseas and developed transnational networks to protest against the Emergency, by holding demonstrations in their countries of residence and smuggling pamphlets into India. They tried to influence the media and politicians outside India in an effort to pressurize Indira Gandhi into ending the Emergency. An important strand of ‘long-distance’ anti-Emergency activism involved individuals from the Hindu nationalist movement overseas, whose Indian counterparts were proscribed and imprisoned during the period. Several key Hindutva politicians in recent decades were also involved in transnational anti-Emergency activism, including Subramanian Swamy and Narendra Modi. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh's role in opposing the Emergency—particularly the way in which it enabled overseas Indians to act as ‘smugglers of truth’—remains an important legitimizing narrative for Hindu nationalists. Indira Gandhi's Congress government mounted its own pro-Emergency campaigns overseas: it attacked diasporic opposition activists and closely monitored their activities through diplomatic missions. The state's recognition of the diaspora's potential influence on Indian politics, and its attempts to counter this activism, catalysed a long-term change in its attitude towards Indians overseas. It aimed to imitate more ‘successful’ diasporas and began to regard overseas Indians as a vital political and geopolitical resource. The Emergency must be reassessed as a critical event in the creation of new forms of transnational citizenship, global networks, and long-distance nationalism.
Clinical implications of low skeletal muscle mass in early-stage breast and colorectal cancer
Authors: Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth , Chen Wendy Y.
Published: June 2018

Although obesity has now been widely accepted to be an important risk factor for cancer survival, the associations between BMI and cancer mortality have not been consistently linear. Although morbid obesity has clearly been associated with worse survival, some studies have suggested a U-shaped association with no adverse association with overweight or lower levels of obesity. This ‘obesity paradox’ may be due to the fact that BMI likely incompletely captures key measures of body composition, including distribution of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Fat and lean body mass can be measured using clinically acquired computed tomography scans. Many of the earlier studies focused on patients with metastatic cancer. However, skeletal muscle loss in the metastatic setting may reflect end-stage disease processes. Therefore, this article focuses on the clinical implication of low skeletal muscle mass in early-stage non-metastatic breast and colorectal cancer where measures of body composition have been shown to be strong predictors of disease-free survival and overall survival and also chemotherapy toxicity and operative risk.
Dimensional analysis of depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms presented by primary care patients and their relationship with ICD-11 PHC proposed diagnoses
Authors: Ziebold Carolina , Goldberg David P. , Reed Geoffrey M. , Minhas Fareed , Razzaque Bushra , Fortes Sandra , Robles Rebeca , Lam Tai Pong , Bobes Julio , Iglesias Celso , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , García José Ángel , Mari Jair J.
Published: June 2018

Background

A study conducted as part of the development of the Eleventh International Classification of Mental Disorders for Primary Health Care (ICD-11 PHC) provided an opportunity to test the relationships among depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms in PHC.

Method

Primary care physicians participating in the ICD-11 PHC field studies in five countries selected patients who presented with somatic symptoms not explained by known physical pathology by applying a 29-item screening on somatic complaints that were under study for bodily stress disorder. Patients were interviewed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised and assessed using two five-item scales that measure depressive and anxious symptoms. Structural models of anxious-depressive symptoms and somatic complaints were tested using a bi-factor approach.

Results

A total of 797 patients completed the study procedures. Two bi-factor models fit the data well: Model 1 had all symptoms loaded on a general factor, along with one of three specific depression, anxiety and somatic factors [x2 (627) = 741.016, p < 0.0011, RMSEA = 0.015, CFI = 0.911, TLI = 0.9]. Model 2 had a general factor and two specific anxious depression and somatic factors [x2 (627) = 663.065, p = 0.1543, RMSEA = 0.008, CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.948].

Conclusions

These data along with those of previous studies suggest that depressive, anxious and somatic symptoms are largely different presentations of a common latent phenomenon. This study provides support for the ICD-11 PHC conceptualization of mood disturbance, especially anxious depression, as central among patients who present multiple somatic symptoms.
Towards a framework to support coastal change governance in small islands
Authors: GLASER MARION , BRECKWOLDT ANNETTE , CARRUTHERS TIM J.B. , FORBES DONALD L. , COSTANZO SIMON , KELSEY HEATH , RAMACHANDRAN RAMESH , STEAD SELINA
Published: June 2018

Small islands can guide visualization of the diverse information requirements of future context-relevant coastal governance. On small marine islands (<20 000 km2), negative effects of coastal challenges (e.g., related to population growth, unsustainable resource use or climate change) can develop rapidly, with high intensity and extreme impacts. The smallest and most remote islands within small-island states and small islands in larger states can be threatened by intrinsic governance factors, typically resulting in access to fewer resources than larger islands or administrative centres. For these reasons, efforts to support coastal change governance are critical and need to be targeted. We propose a conceptual framework that distinguishes key governance-related components of small-island social–ecological systems (SESs). To prioritize areas of vulnerability and opportunity, physical, ecological, social, economic and governance attributes are visualized to help show the ability of different types of small-island SESs to adapt, or be transformed, in the face of global and local change. Application of the framework to an Indonesian archipelago illustrates examples of local rule enforcement supporting local self-organized marine governance. Visualization of complex and interconnected social, environmental and economic changes in small-island SESs provides a better understanding of the vulnerabilities and opportunities related to context-specific governance.
Batcher's odd-even merging network revealed
Authors: HINZE RALF , MARTIN CLARE
Published: June 2018

Comparison networks offer an attractive framework for studying parallel sorting algorithms. The visual presentation of such hard-wired networks makes processes easy to conceptualize without the overhead of programming syntax or the semantic complications of concurrency. Though simple in appearance they have a surprisingly rich structure. In this pearl we delve a little into their theory.
What happened to modern Irish urban history?
Authors: DICKSON DAVID
Published: June 2018

A remarkable cluster of Irish town histories appeared in the early nineteenth century, coming after several generations of unprecedented urban growth. But that growth stalled and most Irish towns entered a long period of stagnation. Meanwhile, academic interest in the urban past became dormant. Urbanization in Ireland resumed in the twentieth century, but the study of urban history was late to develop and slow to move beyond the documentation of built heritage. However, public interest in medieval origins, official interest in urban heritage and the vision of a handful of medieval historians and historical geographers have helped transform the prospects for Irish urban history.
Cross-linguistic activation of implicit causality biases in Korean learners of English
Authors: KIM HYUNWOO , GRÜTER THERES
Published: June 2018

This study investigates how the strength of referential biases associated with implicit vs explicit causality predicates in Korean affects Korean-speaking learners’ reference choices in English. Sentence-completion experiments with Korean (Experiment 1a) and English (1b) native speakers showed that Korean speakers referred to the subject more following predicates with explicit vs implicit causality marking, whereas English speakers showed no difference in referential bias for the English translation correspondents of these predicates, which did not contain explicit causality marking. In Experiment 2, Korean learners of English completed an English sentence-completion task, either preceded or followed by a translation task, to test whether strength of referential bias in Korean would affect their referential choices in English. After factoring in individual differences in cross-linguistic associations, results provided evidence that cross-language activation at the word level affects reference processing at a discourse level, with the predicted effect somewhat enhanced by translation priming.
The impact of cross-language phonological overlap on bilingual and monolingual toddlers’ word recognition
Authors: VON HOLZEN KATIE , FENNELL CHRISTOPHER T. , MANI NIVEDITA
Published: June 2018

We examined how L2 exposure early in life modulates toddler word recognition by comparing German–English bilingual and German monolingual toddlers’ recognition of words that overlapped to differing degrees, measured by number of phonological features changed, between English and German (e.g., identical, 1-feature change, 2-feature change, 3-feature change, no overlap). Recognition in English was modulated by language background (bilinguals vs. monolinguals) and by the amount of phonological overlap that English words shared with their L1 German translations. L1 word recognition remained unchanged across conditions between monolingual and bilingual toddlers, showing no effect of learning an L2 on L1 word recognition in bilingual toddlers. Furthermore, bilingual toddlers who had a later age of L2 acquisition had better recognition of words in English than those toddlers who acquired English at an earlier age. The results suggest an important role for L1 phonological experience on L2 word recognition in early bilingual word recognition.
Persistent differences between native speakers and late bilinguals: Evidence from inflectional and derivational processing in older speakers
Authors: REIFEGERSTE JANA , ELIN KIRILL , CLAHSEN HARALD
Published: June 2018

Previous research with younger adults has revealed differences between native (L1) and non-native late-bilingual (L2) speakers with respect to how morphologically complex words are processed. This study examines whether these L1/L2 differences persist into old age. We tested masked-priming effects for derived and inflected word forms in older L1 and L2 speakers of German and compared them to results from younger L1 and L2 speakers on the same experiment (mean ages: 62 vs. 24). We found longer overall response times paired with better accuracy scores for older (L1 and L2) participants than for younger participants. The priming patterns, however, were not affected by chronological age. While both L1 and L2 speakers showed derivational priming, only the L1 speakers demonstrated inflectional priming. We argue that general performance in both L1 and L2 is affected by aging, but that the more profound differences between native and non-native processing persist into old age.
Use of an Annular Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) Versus a Conventional SDD Makes Phase Mapping a Practical Solution for Rare Earth Mineral Characterization
Authors: Teng Chaoyi , Demers Hendrix , Brodusch Nicolas , Waters Kristian , Gauvin Raynald
Published: June 2018

A number of techniques for the characterization of rare earth minerals (REM) have been developed and are widely applied in the mining industry. However, most of them are limited to a global analysis due to their low spatial resolution. In this work, phase map analyses were performed on REM with an annular silicon drift detector (aSDD) attached to a field emission scanning electron microscope. The optimal conditions for the aSDD were explored, and the high-resolution phase maps generated at a low accelerating voltage identify phases at the micron scale. In comparisons between an annular and a conventional SDD, the aSDD performed at optimized conditions, making the phase map a practical solution for choosing an appropriate grinding size, judging the efficiency of different separation processes, and optimizing a REM beneficiation flowsheet.
Empowerment and Disempowerment of Workfare Volunteers: A Diachronic Approach to Activation Policy in the Netherlands
Authors: Kampen Thomas , Tonkens Evelien
Published: June 2018

This article focuses on experiences of welfare recipients summoned to do volunteer work. Proponents of ‘workfare volunteerism’ argue that it leads to empowerment and employability while critics dismiss it as disempowering, stigmatising, and disciplining. Our longitudinal qualitative inquiry into experiences of sixty-six ‘workfare volunteers’ in the Netherlands shows how experiences of disempowerment or empowerment are dependent on caseworker approaches as well as on time. Disempowerment can turn into empowerment when an individual's past is considered, but can revert to disempowerment if changing needs go unrecognised. These findings have broader implications for debates on activating policies. They point to the need for diachronic approaches, which reflect the changing experiences of target groups over time and adaption of policies and caseworker approaches that respond to their clients’ changing needs and self-understanding.
Culturally and linguistically diverse palliative care patients’ journeys at the end-of-life
Authors: Green Anna , Jerzmanowska Natalia , Thristiawati Safrina , Green Marguerite , Lobb Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2018

Objective

To understand the clinical and psychosocial journey of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) palliative care patients.

Method

This study was conducted at a subacute hospital with a specialist palliative care unit and a community palliative care service in a metropolitan region of New South Wales, Australia. Medical records of 100 deceased patients from CALD backgrounds over a 12-month period from 2014 to 2015 were recorded on a data mining tool. The cohort had transitioned to either community or inpatient palliative care services with a life-limiting illness. We used descriptive statistical analyses to identify the patients’ end-of-life journeys in the physical, psychological, spiritual, and social palliative care domains. Staff case notes were used to enrich the quantitative data.

Result

The most common symptoms burdening the patients were decreased mobility (82%), pain (76%), and poor appetite (60%). The majority of patients (87%) were diagnosed with cancer. Language was a major barrier to the assessment and management of symptoms. The vast majority of patients were born in Europe and Asia. Twenty-nine percent of the patients preferred to use English. However, among patients who required an interpreter on admission, only 9% used professional interpreters. Family distress around patients’ lack of food consumption was prominent, along with provider concern when this led to families “force feeding” patients. Only 5% of files documented patients’, and 21% of files documented families’, cultural wishes or needs. Care of the body after death was only documented in 20% of files.

Significance of results

The increasing cohort of older people from CALD backgrounds will have significant implications for the planning and delivery of palliative care services. There is an emerging need to address the physical, psychological, spiritual, and social palliative care domains in the end-of-life journeys of patients from CALD backgrounds to ensure the provision of quality care.
The feasibility of a group stress management Liver SMART intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease: A pilot study
Authors: Jutagir Devika R. , Saracino Rebecca M. , Cunningham Amy , Foran-Tuller Kelly A. , Driscoll Mary A. , Sledge William H. , Emre Sukru H. , Fehon Dwain C.
Published: June 2018

Objective

Structured, empirically supported psychological interventions are lacking for patients who require organ transplantation. This stage IA psychotherapy development project developed and tested the feasibility, acceptability, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of an 8-week group cognitive behavioral stress management intervention adapted for patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting liver transplantation.

Method

Twenty-nine English-speaking United Network for Organ Sharing–registered patients with end-stage liver disease from a single transplantation center enrolled in 8-week, group cognitive-behavioral liver stress management and relaxation training intervention adapted for patients with end-stage liver disease. Patients completed pre- and postintervention surveys that included the Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Feasibility, acceptability, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy were assessed.

Result

Attendance rate was 69.40%. The intervention was rated as “good” to “excellent” by 100% of participants who completed the postintervention survey in teaching them new skills to relax and to cope with stress, and by 94.12% of participants in helping them feel supported while waiting for a liver transplant. No adverse events were recorded over the course of treatment. Attrition was 13.79%. Anxious and depressive symptoms were not statistically different after the intervention.

Significance of results

The liver stress management and relaxation training intervention is feasible, acceptable, and tolerable to end-stage liver disease patients within a transplant clinic setting. Anxious and depressive symptoms remained stable postintervention. Randomized controlled trials are needed to study the intervention's effectiveness in this population.
Pulsar glitch and nuclear EoS: Applicability of superfluid model
Authors: Li Ang , Wang Rui
Published: June 2018

In this contribution, we have made use of the contemporary equation of states (EOSs) for the complete neutron star structure, and confronted them with one particular glitch constrain for the crustal moment of inertia (MOI). We find that with these EOSs, the radii of three millisecond pulsars selected by NICER: PSR J0437-4715, PSR J1614-2230, PSR J0751+1807, are all around 12.5 km. Also, a star with M ≲ 1.55M⊙ would fulfill the MOI calculation for glitch constrain with the latest neutron superfluidity density, and the glitch crisis might not be present.
Coherent Dedispersion: History and Results
Authors: Hankins Timothy H.
Published: June 2018

The high time resolution afforded by coherent dedispersion has enabled precision pulsar timing, detailed studies of pulsar morphology, and has led to conclusions about the radio emission mechanism. The advance of technology in the last 50 years has enhanced the capability of coherent dedispersion, now used for most pulsar observing, by nearly six orders of magnitude. Although coherent dedispersion is now done mostly in software, in “earlier days” several novel hardware devices for real-time processing were developed.
Advances in our understanding of the free precession candidate PSR B1828-11
Authors: Ashton G. , Jones D. I. , Prix R.
Published: June 2018

We highlight the advances and difficulties in understanding PSR B1828-11, which undergoes long-term periodic modulations in its timing and pulse shape over several years. A model comparison of precession and magnetospheric switching models based on the long-term modulation data favours the former; we discuss the implications of this in the context of short timescale switching observed in this pulsar. Furthermore, we highlight the difficulties this pulsar poses for our understanding of pulsars due to the increasing rate of the modulation period and its behaviour during a recent glitch.
The onset of low Prandtl number thermal convection in thin spherical shells
Authors: Garcia Ferran , Chambers Frank R. N. , Watts Anna L.
Published: June 2018

In this study the onset of stress-free Boussinesq thermal convection in rotating spherical shells with aspect ratio η = rinner/router = 0.9, Prandtl numbers Pr ∈ [10−4, 10−1], and Taylor numbers Ta ∈ [104, 1012] is considered. We focus on the form of the convective cell pattern that develops, and on its time scales, since this may have observational consequences for thermonuclear burning and the development of burst oscillations in the exploding oceans of accreting neutron stars (Watts (2012)).
Wide band simultaneous multi-frequency single pulse study of PSR J1822–2256 with upgraded GMRT
Authors: Joshi Bhal Chandra , Naidu Arun , Gajjar Vishal , Wright Geoffrey A. E.
Published: June 2018

We present simultaneous multi-frequency observations of PSR J1822–2256 for the first time, utilizing the unique capabilities of upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (uGMRT). No emission is detected in about 10 % of pulses. At least two drift modes and a possibly third rare mode, occur for 66, 21 and 2 % pulses respectively (P3 ~ 17, 7.5 and 5 P0 respectively). The three drift modes and the nulls occur concurrently from 250 to 1500 MHz. Modal average profiles are distinct with their widths increasing with drift rate. These sub-pulse drift related profile mode-changes can provide independent probes of beam geometry and polar gap physics.
Modelling energy-dependent pulsar light curves
Authors: Venter Christo , Barnard Monica , Harding Alice K. , Kalapotharakos Constantinos
Published: June 2018

In recent years, surprise discoveries of pulsed emission from the Crab and Vela pulsars above 100 GeV have drawn renewed attention to this largely unexplored region of the energy range. In this paper, we discuss example light curves due to curvature emission, with good resolution in the different energy bands. Continued light curve modelling may help to discriminate between different emission mechanisms, as well as constrain the location where emission is produced within the pulsar magnetosphere, including regions beyond the light cylinder.
Millisecond pulsars as standards: Timing, positioning and communication
Authors: Vidal Clément
Published: June 2018

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) have a great potential to set standards in timekeeping, positioning and metadata communication.
The implementation of a Fast-Folding Algorithm in the PALFA survey
Authors: Parent E. , Kaspi V. M. , Ransom S. M. , Patel C. , Krasteva M. ,   the PALFA collaboration
Published: June 2018

The PALFA survey, the most sensitive blind search for radio pulsars, has now discovered 180 pulsars in the Galactic Plane, the vast of which have periods shorter than 2 seconds. One reason that pulsar surveys may miss long-period radio pulsars is the strong effect of red noise at low modulation frequencies. It is possible to address this reduction in sensitivity by using a Fast-Folding Algorithm (FFA). We have adapted this algorithm for radio pulsar searching and applied it to PALFA observations. A sensitivity analysis of the algorithm has been conducted using synthetic pulsar signals injected in real observational data and this study shows that the FFA improves the PALFA survey sensitivity, as reported in Lazarus et al.(2015), by at least a factor of two at periods of ~6 sec, implying that the PALFA survey should discover more long-period radio pulsars in the future.
Time-domain Astronomy with the GMRT: uGMRT to eGMRT
Authors: Roy Jayanta
Published: June 2018

The upgraded GMRT (uGMRT) with its unprecedented sensitivity and high figure of merit, is expected to result in the discovery of a large population of pulsars including pulsars of previously unknown type. In the phase-2 of the GMRT High Resolution Southern Sky (GHRSS) survey with the uGMRT we will reach 1/4th of sensitivity of the SKA Phase-1. In this paper we highlight the salient features of the survey of pulsars and fast transients with the uGMRT highlighting its discovery potential. The extended GMRT (eGMRT) equipped with wide field-of-view, increased collecting area will have unprecedented sensitivity in time-domain astronomy, reaching close to SKA-Phase1. Many fold increase in the number of elements, increase in the baseline length and addition of phased array feed will make eGMRT an excellent instrument for the survey of pulsars and transients with a promise of detecting large variety of pulsars and fast radio bursts.
The Discovery of the Most Accelerated Binary Pulsar
Authors: Cameron Andrew D.
Published: June 2018

Pulsars in relativistic binary systems have emerged as fantastic natural laboratories for testing theories of gravity, the most prominent example being the double pulsar, PSR J0737–3039. The HTRU-South Low Latitude pulsar survey represents one of the most sensitive blind pulsar surveys taken of the southern Galactic plane to date, and its primary aim has been the discovery of new relativistic binary pulsars. Here we present our binary pulsar searching strategy and report on the survey’s flagship discovery, PSR J1757–1854. A 21.5-ms pulsar in a relativistic binary with an orbital period of 4.4 hours and an eccentricity of 0.61, this double neutron star (DNS) system is the most accelerated pulsar binary known, and probes a relativistic parameter space not yet explored by previous pulsar binaries.
Initial Results from the ALFABURST Survey
Authors: Surnis M. P. , Foster G. , Golpayegani G. , Karastergiou A. , Lorimer D. , Chennamangalam J. , Rajwade K. , McLaughlin M. , Agarwal D. , Armour W. , Werthimer D. , Cobb J. , Siemion A. , MacMahon D. , Gorthi D. , Xin Pei
Published: June 2018

Here, we present initial results from the ALFABURST radio transient survey, which is currently running in a commensal mode with the ALFA receiver at the Arecibo telescope. We observed for a total of 1400 hours and have detected single pulses from known pulsars but did not detect any FRBs. The non-detection of FRBs is consistent with the current FRB sky rates.
Finding Pulsar Variability in 50 Years of Data
Authors: Brook Paul , Karastergiou Aris
Published: June 2018

Fifty years of pulsar data has led to the discovery of emission and rotation variability on timescales of months and years; we have developed techniques to identify this long timescale variability. Individual observations may be too noisy to identify subtle changes in a pulse profile; we use Gaussian process regression to model noisy observations and produce a continuous map of pulse profile variability. Generally, multiple observing epochs are required to obtain the pulsar spin frequency derivative. Gaussian process regression is, therefore, also used to monitor this rate of spindown. We have applied variability detection techniques to both millisecond and long period pulsar datasets. I will discuss the techniques used and present the most interesting results from the pulsars analysed.
Commissioning of FLAG: A phased array feed for the GBT
Authors: Rajwade K. M. , Pingel N. M. , Black R. A. , Ruzindana M. , Burnett M. , Jeffs B. , Warnick K. , Pisano D. J. , Lorimer D. R. , Prestage R. M. , Hawkins L. , Ray J. , Marganian P. , Chamberlin T. , Ford J. , Shillue W. , Roshi D. A.
Published: June 2018

Phased Array Feed (PAF) technology is the next major advancement in radio astronomy in terms of combining high sensitivity and large field of view. The Focal L-band Array for the Green Bank Telescope (FLAG) is one of the most sensitive PAFs developed so far. It consists of 19 dual-polarization elements mounted on a prime focus dewar resulting in seven beams on the sky. Its unprecedented system temperature of ~17 K will lead to a 3 fold increase in pulsar survey speeds as compared to contemporary single pixel feeds. Early science observations were conducted in a recently concluded commissioning phase of the FLAG where we clearly demonstrated its science capabilities. We observed a selection of normal and millisecond pulsars and detected giant pulses from PSR B1937+21.