bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a high-energy centrifuge model impact hammer for pile-driving
Authors: Nietiedt Juliano A. , Randolph Mark F. , Gaudin Christophe , Doherty James P.
Published: September 2023

The offshore wind energy industry continues to expand rapidly around the world in response to the demand for clean energy. Research to investigate monopile performance under cyclic lateral loading needs to replicate the installation process as well as the cyclic loading regimes. This has provided the impetus for the development of model pile driving hammers for use in geotechnical centrifuges. This paper presents a new model-scale centrifuge impact hammer that is capable of in-flight driving of large-diameter piles into dense sediments with the flexibility of varying the energy during a test for a more controlled installation. The new hammer is activated by a pair of rotating cams, improving on the pneumatically activated hammer developed in the 1980s, giving greater energy and much better reliability. This paper provides full details of the hammer, together with data obtained at 80g acceleration, driving prototype 4 m wide (50 mm in model scale) piles into dense, dry sand to depths of over 20 m (over 5D) in <1000 blows.
Faunistic contributions on the subfamily Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Central Black Sea Region of Türkiye
Authors: Erdoğan Özlem
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted between 2003-2004 to investigate the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) fauna of the Central Black Sea Region in Türkiye. For this purpose, Agathidinae samples were collected from different altitudes and habitats of Amasya, Çorum, Ordu, Samsun and Tokat provinces in the region. Seventeen species were determined and identified. These were twelve species in the genus Agathis, four species in the genera Bassus and one species in the genera Disophrys were recorded. Although all identified species were recorded before Türkiye, they are new records for the research area. The distributions and detailed locality records of the identified species are given.
The Swaps Strike Back: Evaluating Expectations of One-Year Inflation
Authors: Diercks Anthony M. , Campbell Colin , Sharpe Steven A. , Soques Daniel
Published: September 2023

This study examines the forecasting performance of inflation swaps and survey-based expectations for one-year inflation. Conducting this exercise helps determine if one set of expectations can provide a cleaner signal about future inflation. The study finds that, overall, inflation swaps more frequently provide better forecasts of future inflation. Previous studies that found poor performance of swaps were strongly influenced by liquidity issues during the financial crisis and the pandemic. When these periods are excluded, swaps have superior predictive ability. Our analysis suggests that combining the two expectations can lead to even better forecasts. The optimal static combination is roughly an equal weighting of swaps and surveys. Alternatively, a dynamic smooth-transition regime switching model can also lead to superior performance and provide a clearer signal on expectations of future inflation. Recently, this measure has implied the Federal Reserve is expected to be closer to its inflation target over the next year than the surveys would suggest.
Development of flux-cored wire of Fe – C – Si – Mn – Cr – W – V system with additives of carbon-fluorine-containing material and titanium
Authors: Usol’tsev A. A. , Kozyrev N. A. , Bashchenko L. P. , Kryukov R. E. , Zhukov A. V.
Published: September 2023

The paper considers research of quality of the electric arc coating obtained using flux-cored wire of the Fe – C – Si – Mn – Cr – W – V system with additives of carbon-fluorine-containing material and titanium. The formation of an electric arc coating was carried out using an automatic arc welding machine ASAW-1250 with a new chromium-containing flux-cored wire on plates made of St3 steel. To exclude mixing of the deposited metal with the substrate steel, multilayer surfacing was conducted. The surfacing mode was calculated and refined experimentally. The authors studied the composition and properties of the surface of the electric arc coating after surfacing. As a substitute for amorphous carbon they used a carbon-fluorine-containing material (dust of gas purification of aluminum production). Surfacing was carried out under a flux made from slag produced by silicomanganese with a high content of sulfur. A regression analysis of influence of the deposited layer’s chemical composition on its hardness and wear rate was carried out and mathematical models of the investigated performance characteristics of the electric arc coating were obtained. With an increase in the content of chromium, tungsten, carbon and silicon, hardness of the deposited metal and its resistance to abrasive wear increase. The results of the conducted research make it possible to develop measures ensuring the required level of performance characteristics of the electric arc coating and can be used to make a forecast of hardness of the deposited layer and its wear resistance when the chemical composition of the metal changes, to predict the operational resistance of rolling rolls deposited with wires of the PP-Np-35V9Kh3SF type. Mathematical models of hardness of the deposited layer and its wear resistance help to clarify the mechanism of hardening and formation of protective properties of the surface layers of rolling rolls by means of electric arc coatings deposited with flux-cored wires.
Influence of combined electromechanical processing modes of 40Kh steel on its structure and hardness
Authors: Simachev A. S. , Oskolkova T. N. , Shevchenko R. A.
Published: September 2023

The paper considers the effect of combined electromechanical processing in three different modes on the structure and hardness of the surface layers of 40Kh steel, which was in a normalized state (the original structure). The modes differ from each other by the different applied load and the number of pulses. The applied load in modes 1 and 2 (current strength 39 kA, pulse time 0.02 s, number of pulses 1) is 100 and 250 MPa, respectively. A distinctive feature of mode 3 compared to mode 2 is a greater number of pulses (two). Metallographically it was established that in all three cases a hardened surface layer of different thickness (from 300 to 1200 μm) with a hardness of 593 – 598 HV is formed, consisting of two zones (a surface zone with a structure of fine-needle martensite; a transition zone smoothly transitioning into the initial ferrite structure). The transition zone (treatment according to mode 1) in its structure contains martensite and ferrite. The transition zone (mode 2 processing) consists of a Widemannstett structure. A more substantial surface heating zone according to this mode (700 μm) in comparison with the processing according to mode 1 (300 μm) in combination with intensive heat removal contributed to the formation of a Widmanstett structure, which is defective and unacceptable for operation. The transition zone with the processing according to mode 3 has the structure of martensite and ferrite. The formation of a defective Widmanstett structure in the transition zone does not occur, since 2 times more pulses are used during processing than in mode 2. This contributes to the heating of the surface layer to a greater depth (1200 μm), and, consequently, the structure formation in the transition zone occurs from the intercritical interval Ag3 – Ag1 .
Effect of morphology and volume fraction of δ-ferrite on hydrogen embrittlement of stainless steel produced by electron beam additive manufacturing
Authors: Panchenko M. Yu. , Reunova K. A. , Nifontov A. S. , Kolubaev E. A. , Astafurova E. G.
Published: September 2023

The authors studied the influence of volume fraction and morphology of δ-ferrite on hydrogen embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel 08Kh19N9T obtained by electron beam additive manufacturing. It is experimentally shown that in additively-manufactured samples, long lamellae of δ-ferrite form a dense “net” of interphase boundaries (austenite/δ-ferrite, the volume fraction of the δ-phase is 20 %) and contribute to the hydrogen accumulation. Also, being the “easy” ways for the diffusion of hydrogen atoms, the dendritic lamellae of ferrite provide hydrogen transport deep into the samples. Post-production solid-solution treatment (at T = 1100 °C, 1 h) leads to a significant decrease in the fraction of δ-ferrite in steel (up to 5 %) and partial dissolution of dendritic lamellae. A decrease in the volume fraction of ferrite and a change in its morphology hinder the diffusion of hydro­gen deep into the samples and its accumulation during electrolytic hydrogen-charging and subsequent deformation. It contributes to a decrease in the total concentration of hydrogen dissolved in the steel samples. Despite the lower concentration of dissolved hydrogen in the solid-solution trea­ted samples, the solid-solution strengthening by hydrogen atoms is higher (\(\Delta \sigma _{0.2}^{\rm{H}}\) = 73 MPa) than for the initial samples with a high content of δ-ferrite (\(\Delta \sigma _{0.2}^{\rm{H}}\) = 55 MPa). The solid-solution treated samples are characterized by a smaller thickness of the brittle surface hydrogen-charged layer and a lower hydrogen embrittlement index compared to the post-produced samples (DH = 55 ± 12 µm, IH = 32 % for initial samples and DH = 29 ± 7 µm, IH = 24 % for samples after post-production solid-solution treatment).
Carbides of transition metals: Properties, application and production. Review. Part 2. Chromium and zirconium carbides
Authors: Krutskii Yu. L. , Gudyma T. S. , Krutskaya T. M. , Semenov А. О. , Utkin A. V.
Published: September 2023

The properties, application, and methods for producing chromium and zirconium carbides are considered. These carbides are oxygen-free refractory metal-like compounds. As a result, they are characterized by high values of thermal and electrical conductivity. Their hardness is relatively high. Chromium and zirconium carbides exhibit significant chemical resistance in aggressive environments. For these reasons, they have found application in modern technology. Chromium carbide is used mainly as component of surfacing mixtures to create protective coatings that resist intensive abrasive wear, including at elevated temperatures (up to 800 °C) in oxidizing environments. This compound is also used in the manufacture of tungsten-free hard alloys and carbide steels. Chromium carbide, along with vanadium carbide, is used as a grain growth inhibitor in WC – Co hard alloys. Powdered zirconium carbide can be used to polish the surface of items made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The properties of refractory compounds depend on the content of impurities and dispersion (particle size). To solve a specific problem associated with the use of refractory compounds, it is important to choose the right method for their preparation, to determine the permissible content of impurities in the initial components. This leads to the existence of different methods for the synthesis of carbides. The main methods for their preparation are: synthesis from simple substances (metals and carbon), metallothermal and carbothermal reduction. Plasma-chemical synthesis (vapor-gas phase deposition) is also used to obtain carbide nanopowders. A characteristic is given to each of these methods. Information on the possible mechanism of the processes of carbothermal synthesis is presented.
Strategic instruments for the growth of the industrial sector of the economy in the conditions of the sixth big Kondratiev cycle
Authors: Zhuravlev D. М. , Chaadaev V. K.
Published: September 2023

An analysis of global trends in economic and technological development shows that there are all signs that the driving force behind the rise of the sixth major Kondratiev cycle has started working – digital technologies of the fourth technological order, which is initiated by the emergence and implementation of innovations in production processes, defi ned as NBIC technologies (convergence of four industries knowledge related to nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, information and cognitive technologies). However, the currently observed slowdown in economic growth rates (both global and national) leads to the need to fi nd growth points, the fi xation and development of which would make it possible to extract the maximum benefi t from the use of digital technologies. The purpose of this article is to identify tools that can ensure the progressive development of the industrial sector of the national economy in the conditions of the predicted crisis and recession.The article analyzes the dynamics of the world’s leading economies, shows that the industrial growth index is dominant in the formation of the gross domestic product of the national economy. It is suggested that one of the key factors infl uencing the slowdown in economic growth is the “digital divide” – the period of time that passes after the emergence of technologies on the market and the beginning of their commercial operation. To eliminate the “digital divide”, it is proposed to use digital platforms that provide the possibility of confl ict-free evolutionary redesign of existing enterprise processes and intelligent integration of implemented solutions in a single information space, due to which there is a signifi cant increase in effi ciency and production growth. At the same time, it is noted that, unlike previous technological paradigms, the modern economy is characterized by the possibility of using digital solutions of equal functionality at enterprises of various industries, it is only necessary to set up routes for the execution of end-to-end business processes, taking into account the specifi cs of production. Examples of a universal corporate digital platform that solve such problems are given.
Price equilibrium analysis based on the new theory of value
Authors: Jie Wu , Zili Wu
Published: September 2023

The universal measure of value has been always controversial in the traditional theory of value. Analogous to the research method of theoretical mechanics, developed from the traditional theory of value – labor theory of value, theory of surplus value and utility theory of value, the new theory of value has established a value complex variable function with labor value and use value as unknown functions, further in the mathematical logic of Euler equation and Euler formula, provided a universal measure of commodity value. On this basis, this paper focuses on the mathematical explicit expressions of value, exchange value, price and market equilibrium function that satisfy the principle of dimensional homogeneity, and the proof of the existence and stability of extremum solutions of market price equilibrium function, so as to help economics become a scientifi c theoretical system, integral with consistent logic, formed by qualitative theories, mathematical models, and computer models.
Recent advances in nanotechnology
Authors: Mahendra Kumar Sahu , Rajni Yadav , Sandeep Prasad Tiwari
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Recent advances in nanotechnology have shown significant progress in various fields. Nanotechnology involves the manipulation and control of matter at the nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. This field has the potential to revolutionize industries such as electronics, medicine, energy, and materials science. Nanotechnology has led to the development of smaller and more efficient devices in electronics. Nanoscale transistors and memory chips have increased computing power and storage capacity. Additionally, nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and graphene have shown promise in creating flexible and transparent electronics. Method and materials: In medicine, nanotechnology has opened new possibilities for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Nanoparticles can be designed to specifically target cancer cells, delivering drugs directly to the affected area while minimizing side effects. Nano-sensors can also be used for early detection of diseases and monitoring of patient health. Energy is another area where nanotechnology has made significant advancements. Nanomaterials such as quantum dots and nanowires have improved the efficiency of solar cells, making them more cost-effective and sustainable. Nanotechnology also plays a role in energy storage, with the development of high-capacity batteries and supercapacitors. Materials science has also benefited from nanotechnology. Nanocomposites, which are materials with nanoscale fillers, have enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. These materials find applications in the aerospace, automotive, and construction industries. Conclusion: Overall, recent advances in nanotechnology have paved the way for exciting possibilities in various fields. Continued research and development in this area hold the potential for further breakthroughs and advancements in the future.
A case study of the association between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, weight training and shoulder dislocation
Authors: Marian Constantin
Published: September 2023

This study shows a rare association between the anomalous position of the shoulder girdle, due to scoliosis, with altered shoulder kinematics, injury of joint capsule ligaments and rotator cuff tendons, and shoulder dislocation due to a traumatic event. The subject has developed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, with convex curvatures to the right side in the lower region of the thorax (with the Cobb angle of 13 degrees) and to the left side of the upper region of the thorax (with the Cobb angle of 24-degrees), both of them with the axial rotation of vertebra and with visible gibbosities. The upper axial rotation has a 6.5-degree, which causes an unbalance between the two shoulder girdles. In normal situations, the shoulder joint is turned 30 degrees anterior to the coronal plane, but in his case, the right shoulder girdle is pulled 28 degrees anterior by the groove, and the left one is pushed 34.5 degrees anterior by the gibbosity. The major effect of shoulder girdle unbalance appears to be the maximum extension of the upper limbs when the hands can’t be aligned to the coronal plane and this is an important risk factor for the injuries of the left shoulder joint, while some weight training exercises are performed.
Correlates of desire for children among women
Authors: Yvonne Wesley , Assumpta Ekeh , Prisca O Anuforo
Published: September 2023

Objective: To describe levels of desire for children and identify factors influencing women’s desire for children (DFC). Design: Descriptive correlational study. Setting: Participants were recruited from a Qualtrics online panel. Participants: 228 women from the following nations: Columbia, South America, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Honduras, India, Nigeria, Philippines, United Kingdom, and the USA. Methods: DFC was measured using the Modified Index of Parenthood Motivation (MIPM), a 14-item self-reporting tool, and the Motives Toward Parenthood Scale (MTPS), a 30-item tool with four subscales. Results: MIPM was related to education levels, employment status, the number of children she had, and her parity. One-way ANOVA revealed significant relationships between MIPM with race and nationality. As shown in Mean DFC Scores by Nationality, post hoc tests revealed significant differences in mean MIPM scores when comparing Colombians to Nigerians, Ghanaians to both Colombians and Honduran participants, and finally, significant differences in mean MIPM scores when comparing between Philippine and Colombian, as well as Honduran participants. Subjective norms, consequences, and individual costs mean scores were below midpoints. Conclusion: Participants with increased DFC had increased education, were employed, had more children, and had been pregnant more times than participants with decreased DFC. Women who identified as Black had significantly greater DFC than those who identified as White or Hispanic. Women from Nigeria, Ghana, and the Philippines had significantly greater DFC than participants from Colombia and Honduras. Participants disagreed with subjective norms but agreed with the positive consequences of motherhood.
Field protocol for river water sampling v1
Authors: LeBoa Christopher
Published: September 2023

This protocol is for the collection of water samples for molecular analysis. It was used for collection of river water samples from Kathmandu for detection of S. Typhi and Paratyphi A
SSLib v2.0 (Gansauge et al. 2017) v1
Authors: Grealy Alicia
Published: September 2023

This bench protocol is based on the work of Gansauge and Meyer (2013) and Gansauge et al (2017), for preparing shotgun libraries from single-stranded DNA, typically for ancient and degraded DNA.
Opentrons Pipeline: PCR Preparation v1
Authors: Reyes Vasquez Jhakelin
Published: September 2023

This protocol is a general automated pipeline to prepare mastermix at the plate level in a sterile way. The protocol volumes can be edited, as can sample numbers, to change the scale of the operation and optimise it to fit any end-point PCR. This protocol was developed and optimised for the following: Platform: Opentrons OT-2 automated pipetting robot Tested with software version 6.3.1 Tips Used: 1 box and 1 column of 20uL filtered Opentrons Tips Number of samples: 91 samples and 5 controls in a 96 well plate Important: In an ideal situation, there would be two OT-2 robots involved in this process: the first to prepare sterile reagents and make and aliquot the mastermix, and the second to add the template. In the absence of this facility, we have developed a means of keeping each ingredient on the deck singly, rather than having all ingredients open on the deck at once. So please take note of the protocol pauses in built to replace each ingredient with the next. In this way, no two ingredients are open inside the OT2 hood at the same time. Python File Version 2.2.
Kumkale’de Yunanlıların Yaptığı Sahte Bir Fransız Anıtı
Authors: ATABAY Mithat
Published: September 2023

Özet

Çanakkale kara savaşlarının başladığı 25 Nisan 1915 günü müttefik donanması Kumkale bölgesini şiddetli şekilde topçu ateşine tuttu. Saat 10:00’da da Kumkale’ye asker çıkardı ve köyü işgal etti. Kumkale köyünde şiddetli çarpışmalar oldu.

Osmanlı 3. Tümeni’nin 25 Nisan 1915 gecesi üç taburla gerçekleştirdiği taarruz köyün içine kadar genişlediyse de düşman donanmasının ateşi altında birlikler dayanamayıp köyün dışına çıkmak zorunda kaldı. Düşman ertesi sabah başarısız bir taarruz daha yaptı ve sonrasında karşı taarruza kalkan Türk askerleri tekrar Kumkale’ye girdiyse de düşman donanmasının köye yönelttiği şiddetli topçu ateşi altında birliklerin bir kısmı köyden çıkmak zorunda kaldı, bir kısmı da evlere sığınarak savaşa yeniden başladı.

Öğleden sonra Türk askeri birlikleri Orhaniye sırtlarına çekildi ve oradan düşmanın ilerlemesini engelledi. 26 Nisan gecesi Fransızlar Kumkale’yi boşalttı. İki gün devam eden savaş böylece sona erdi.

1.Dünya Savaşı sonrasında yapılan anlaşmalarla Yunanlılar Kumkale bölgesini 1920 yılında işgal ettiler. Boğazlar bölgesinde daha etkili olabilmek için Fransızların desteğini almak istediler. Bu amaçla Kumkale Türk Mezarlığı’nın içerisine bir anıt yaparak, bunu sanki Fransızlar yapmış gibi göstermeye çalıştılar. Çanakkale milletvekili Mehmet Bey’in girişimi ile bu anıtın Fransızlarla bir ilgisi olmadığı ve Yunanlıların yaptığı anlaşıldı ve sonra da yıkıldı.
Insuficiencia respiratoria asociada con la hipomagnesemia extrema en un paciente con colitis ulcerativa. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Arias-Mira David Esteban , Camacho-Ojeda Luis Alfonso
Published: September 2023

La hipomagnesemia es un trastorno electrolítico asociado con la disminución de los aportes nutricionales, las pérdidas gastrointestinales y la depuración renal del magnesio, un catión divalente que, al tener una mayor concentración a nivel intracelular, dificulta el análisis de su déficit absoluto y el establecimiento de una adecuada corrección que supla las pérdidas y los requerimientos diarios que son aproximadamente 360 mg por día. Es por esto que el conocimiento de las etiologías de la hipomagnesemia, al igual que el cálculo de la fracción excretada de magnesio y la medición de la magnesiuria en 24 horas, son herramientas útiles para establecer pautas adecuadas de corrección continua de magnesio con el fin de evitar las complicaciones sociadas con su toxicidad o una corrección deficiente que perpetúe dicho trastorno electrolítico, lo cual puede generar una sintomatología tan grave como la tetania o la insuficiencia respiratoria. La paciente descrita, en ausencia de estado de choque o trastorno ácido base, requirió ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos para ventilación mecánica invasiva y corrección de sus trastornos electrolíticos asociados con la colitis ulcerativa (hipocalcemia, hipocalemia e hipomagnesemia).
Convulsiones, derrame pericárdico y rabdomiólisis en debut de coma mixedematoso
Authors: Peinado-Acevedo Juan Sebastián , Rodríguez-Arrieta Luis Antonio , Builes-Barrera Carlos Alfonso , Román-González Alejandro
Published: September 2023

El coma mixedematoso es la complicación más grave de un hipotiroidismo. Ocurre, por lo general, en mujeres ancianas con hipotiroidismo conocido sin un adecuado manejo y en presencia de un evento desencadenante. El diagnóstico es difícil y debe realizarse en forma oportuna para disminuir el riesgo de muerte. El coma es una de las presentaciones neurológicas de esta urgencia endocrinológica y no es necesario su presencia para el diagnóstico. En este reporte de caso se presentan varías manifestaciones inusuales en un paciente masculino con hipotiroidismo profundo que, al diagnóstico, debutó con coma mixedematoso con predictores de mal pronóstico durante la hospitalización, pero debido al abordaje temprano y el manejo integral, se dio una resolución satisfactoria a esta urgencia endocrinológica infrecuente.
EVALUATION OF DISPARITIES IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE ON THE BASIS OF CONVERGENT-DIVERGENT PROCESSES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bilorus Tetіana , Firsova Svitlana ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2023

Disparities of socioeconomic indices of Ukraine's regions are a scientific problem and a practical task that should be solved on a strategic horizon. Current regulation of regional development does not take into account the dynamic processes of disparity indicators in the long-term period, which leads to an incorrect definition of disparities regulation goals. The purpose of this article can be stated as the working out of a system for evaluating the disparities indicators, and disparities' dynamic shows the necessity to use a convergent-divergent approach. Convergent-divergent processes were analyzed for the following groups of indicators (demographic, productive, natural and ecological, foreign economic, and structural disparities) in 2007–2021 and for three classes of regions: with balanced, restrained, and unrestrained disparities. The analytical model for convergent- divergent processes of territorial development disparities is based on econometric models of assessing spatial β-convergence. It involves analysis of absolute and conditional convergence of regional development; assessment of convergence accounting indicators of regional disparities; verification of the hypothesis about the strengthening of disparities. In particular, obtained results of absolute convergence indicate that regions with unrestrained disparities of some spheres do not tend to grow faster than classes of regions with balanced disparities of the same spheres since even a lower level of disparities does not guarantee a higher rate of disparities reduction. Therefore, the convergence of disparities is a very long process. Results indicate the strengthening of divergent trends in the uneven development of regions and can be used to determine vulnerable areas with disparities in regions, and besides, this model is considered to be a decision-making supportive tool for the reduction of interregional disparities.
Current status, challenges and future prospects in computational psychiatry: a narrative review
Authors: Vasilchenko Kirill F. , Chumakov Egor M.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND: Computational psychiatry is an area of scientific knowledge which lies at the intersection of neuroscience, psychiatry, and computer science. It employs mathematical models and computational simulations to shed light on the complexities inherent to mental disorders.
AIM: The aim of this narrative review is to offer insight into the current landscape of computational psychiatry, to discuss its significant challenges, as well as the potential opportunities for the fields growth.
METHODS: The authors have carried out a narrative review of the scientific literature published on the topic of computational psychiatry. The literature search was performed in the PubMed, eLibrary, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases. A descriptive analysis was used to summarize the published information on the theoretical and practical aspects of computational psychiatry.
RESULTS: The article relates the development of the scientific approach in computational psychiatry since the mid-1980s. The data on the practical application of computational psychiatry in modeling psychiatric disorders and explaining the mechanisms of how psychopathological symptomatology develops (in schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance use disorders) are summarized. Challenges, limitations, and the prospects of computational psychiatry are discussed.
CONCLUSION: The capacity of current computational technologies in psychiatry has reached a stage where its integration into psychiatric practice is not just feasible but urgently needed. The hurdles that now need to be addressed are no longer rooted in technological advancement, but in ethics, education, and understanding.
The level of dementia biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: ÖZPAK Lütfiye , ŞAHİN Murat , ÇELİK İbrahim Seyfettin , KELLECİ Bekir Mehmet , ÇELİK Mustafa
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Like Alzheimer's disease, a disease of the aging world, and metastasis in cancer, it is very important to elucidate the etiology of Type 2 diabetes, which causes tissue and organ damage by systematically spreading throughout. In this study, we aimed to examine whether markers used as biomarkers in Alzheimer's pathogenesis are effective in the pathogenesis of diabetes.

Materials and Methods: In our study, 30 type 2 diabetics, 30 type 2 diabetics individuals with the risk of dementia as a result of mini-mental test, and 28 healthy individuals aged 50-70 years were included, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1 (DYRK1A), Tau, fatty acid binding proteins 7 (FABP7) levels were measured from plasma samples.

Results: There was a significant difference between the diabetes group with a high risk of dementia (MMSE < 24) and the other groups in Tau, and FABP7 levels, but no significant differences were found in BDNF and DYRK1A levels.

Conclusion: These biomarkers might be used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease in patients with T2D and at risk of dementia before resorting to other more expensive and invasive diagnostic methods.
Transcranial direct current stimulation ameliorates motor and cognitive functions by regulating neuronal excitotoxicity in experimental Parkinson’s disease model
Authors: AKÇAY Güven , TAMERER Serhan
Published: September 2023

Purpose: In the study, the therapeutic effects of early and long-term transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of tDCS were investigated.

Materials and Methods: After early and prolonged tDCS administration in PD animals (starting 24 hours after PD lesion, 1000 mA anodal tDCS, 30 min/day, 13 days), the effects of tDCS on motor and cognitive function behaviors and glutamatergic neuron excitotoxicity were determined by Ca2+, glutamate, and NMDAR1 levels.

Results: We found that the 13-day tDCS intervention significantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced motor deficits in locomotor activity, learning, and memory-like behavior. Biochemically, we showed that it also reduces Ca2+, glutamate, and NMDAR1 levels, which cause hippocampal neuronal damage.

Conclusion: These results suggest that early and long-term tDCS may exert neuroprotective effects and reduce the exacerbation of motor and cognitive impairments in a rat model of 6-OHDA-induced PD. However, it also shows that tDCS has an effect on the glutamatergic pathway in PD and prevents neuronal excitotoxicity. Furthermore, this preclinical model may increase the potential use of therapeutic tDCS and serve as a translation platform to further define the therapeutic mechanism of tDCS for PD or other disorders.
Therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on loss of motor function caused by experimental mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: AKÇAY Güven , BAYDEMİR Recep
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious illness that causes behavioral disorders such as locomotor activity, learning, and memory. This study aims to investigate the behavioral effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) treatment on locomotor activity in an experimental traumatic brain injury model and to investigate the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the motor cortex tissue.

Materials and Methods: 30 male 3-month-old Wistar albino rats were used. The TBI model was established using the Marmarou method. 2 hours after TBI, sham and TBI+tDCS groups were treated with 0.5 mA 30 minutes anodal tDCS treatment for 2 days. Locomotor activity was evaluated in open field test. IL-1β and IL-18 levels in motor cortex tissue were measured by the ELISA method..

Results: Compared to the sham group, locomotor activity results showed significant decreases in the TBI group while the TBI+tDCS group showed significant increases compared to the TBI group. There were significant increases in IL-1β and IL-18 values in the motor cortex of the animals in the TBI group compared to the sham group, while there was a significant decrease in the TBI+tDCS group compared to the TBI group.

Conclusion: tDCS treatment was shown to have therapeutic effects on neuroinflammation against traumatic brain injury.
Artificial Intelligence with Respect to Cyber Security
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Washington University of Science and Technology, Vienna, Virginia. VA 22182 USA., Jawaid Syed Adnan
Published: September 2023

Artificial Intelligence has transformed the cyber security industry by enabling organizations to systematize and enlarge outdated safety procedures. AI can provide more effective threat detection and response capabilities, enhance vulnerability management, and improve compliance and governance. AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, behavioral analytics, and deep learning can enhance cyber security defenses and protect against a wide range of cyber threats, including malware, phishing attacks, and insider threats. Theoretical underpinnings of AI in cyber security, such as machine learning, natural language processing, behavioral analytics, and deep learning, are discussed. The advantages of using AI in cyber security are discussed including speed and accuracy, continuous learning and adaptation, and efficiency and scalability. It's important to note that AI is not a silver bullet for cyber security and should be used in conjunction with other security measures to provide a comprehensive defense strategy. AI has transformed the way cyber security operates in today's digital age. By analyzing vast amounts of data quickly and accurately it has become a valuable tool for organizations looking to protect their assets from cyber threats.
¿Cuál es el costo de oportunidad de financiar medicamentos de alto costo?: el caso de Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez Catalina , Palacio Santiago , Giedion Úrsula , Ollendorf Daniel
Published: September 2023

Estamos en una situación afortunada: tenemos a nuestra disposición más tecnologías beneficiosas de las que podemos financiar. Sin embargo, esta mayor disponibilidadjunto con el envejecimiento de la población y los cambios epidemiológicosestá poniendo presión sobre el gasto en salud de todos los países del mundo. Para que se puedan materializar los beneficios del gasto es importante que este crecimiento sea sostenible, que no desplace a otras inversiones importantes y que esté alineado con las metas sanitarias delos sistemas de salud. Asignar recursos a una tecnología es necesariamente no destinarlos a otras. Como varios países de la región, Colombia enfrenta la presión financiera de cubrir medicamentos de alto costo. Algunos de estos representan importantes avances para la atención de algunas condiciones, mientras que otros tienen reducida efectividad clínica. Todos tienen un costo de oportunidad en términos de la salud que se deja de ganar por no asignar los recursos a otras prestaciones. Esta nota técnica cuantifica el costo de oportunidad de financiar medicamentos de alto costo en Colombia. Para hacerlo se analizaron diez medicamentos seleccionados por su alto impacto presupuestario o por su alto costo por caso. Se analizaron medicamentos oncológicos, para enfermedades autoinmunes y huérfanas, y un medicamento para diabetes de alto impacto presupuestario. Financiar estos medicamentos en vez de la mejor alternativa disponible en el país implica un costo adicional de US$543 millones durante el transcurso de los tratamientos de todas las personas que los reciben. Los Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad (AVAC) que aportan estas tecnologías, en promedio por paciente durante todo el tratamiento, es de menos de un año de vida en perfecta salud (0,73 AVAC).Si estos recursos se destinaran a ampliar y mejorarlos servicios disponibles actualmente en el sistema de salud, la ganancia neta sería de88.000años de vida en perfecta salud. En otras palabras, si el sistema de salud desfinanciar a algunas prestaciones para financiar los diez medicamentos de alto costo seleccionados, los colombianos perderían 88.000años de vida en perfecta salud.
The Role of Human Capital in Strengthening Horticultural Agribusiness Institutions: Evidence from Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Akbar  , Salam Muslim , Arsyad Muhammad , Rahmadanih
Published: September 2023

Farmers' engagement in agribusiness institutional activities has largely been confined to production activities, and has not been fully optimized. Similarly, the role of agricultural extension workers in providing institutional assistance has been narrowly scoped, mostly limited to government-initiated programs focusing on infrastructure development and production enhancement. Human capital, a vital factor for agribusiness development, has been largely overlooked. This study, therefore, seeks to investigate the influence of human capital components on the strengthening of horticultural agribusiness institutions, with farmer participation and coordination between farmer institutions as mediating factors. The research was conducted in the Uluere Sub-district, Bantaeng District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, a region known for horticultural agribusiness development. Data from 120 randomly selected respondents were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to accomplish the research objective. The findings revealed that leadership, a component of human capital, has a direct, positive, and statistically significant influence on institutional strengthening. However, participation does not serve as a mediator between human capital components and the strengthening of horticultural agribusiness institutions. The variable of coordination function partially mediates between leadership and institutional strengthening, while the effectiveness of teamwork fully mediates the impact on institutional strengthening.
Implantação do Time de Resposta Rápida em um Hospital Público Pediátrico
Authors: Boninsenha Maria do Carmo , Delfino Moraes Vanessa , Kerckhoff dos Santos Tatiana , Gomes Farias Rose Lane , Lúcio Vieira Machado Celeste , Almeida Filippi , Rocha Soares André
Published: September 2023

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever a experiência na implantação e condução do trabalho do TRR em um hospital público pediátrico 100% SUS, indicando fatores que funcionaram como facilitadores e dificultadores desta implantação. Realizado estudo descritivo, qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência. Na implantação do TRR na enfermaria A do HINSG/Milena, foram identificados vários fatores que funcionaram como facilitadores para a esta implantação, dentre elas o envolvimento de grande parte da equipe em todas as etapas. Quanto aos dificultadores cita-se a demora na aquisição dos equipamentos, materiais e insumos, face às questões legais e burocráticas no processo de licitação e compras; grande esforço para adaptar as escalas dos profissionais a realidade do serviço; demora no processo de capacitação dos médicos da equipe; resistência de alguns profissionais por não compreenderem a magnitude do TRR na realidade local. A implantação do TRR na pode oferecer subsídios para reorganização dos processos de trabalho.
Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) Prove Highly Effective for Long-Term Data Availability in PLOS ONE
Authors: Jasmin Hilary
Published: September 2023

A Review of:
Federer, L. M. (2022). Long-term availability of data associated with articles in PLOS ONE. PLOS ONE 17(8), Article e0272845. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272845
Objective – To retrieve a range of PLOS ONE data availability statements and quantify their ability to point to the study data efficiently and accurately. Research questions focused on availability over time, availability of URLs versus DOIs, the ability to locate resources using the data availability statement and availability based on data sharing method.
Design – Observational study.
Setting – PLOS ONE archive.
Subjects – A corpus of 47,593 data availability statements from research articles in PLOS ONE between March 1, 2014, and May 31, 2016.
Methods – Use of custom R scripts to retrieve 47,593 data availability statements; of these, 6,912 (14.5%) contained at least one URL or DOI. Once these links were extracted, R scripts were run to fetch the resources and record HTTP status codes to determine if the resource was discoverable. To address the potential for the DOI or URL to fetch but not actually contain the appropriate data, the researchers selected at random and manually retrieved the data for 350 URLs and 350 DOIs.
Main Results – Of the unique URLs, 75% were able to be automatically retrieved by custom R scripts. In the manual sample of 350 URLs, which was used to test for accuracy of the URLs in containing the data, there was a 78% retrieval rate. Of the unique DOIs, 90% were able to be automatically retrieved by custom R scripts. The manual sample of 350 DOIs had a 98% retrieval rate.
Conclusion – DOIs, especially those linked with a repository, had the highest rate of success in retrieving the data attached to the article. While URLs were better than no link at all, URLs are susceptible to content drift and need more management for long-term data availability.
Flickering of a radio-signal due to an atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Klyuev Dmitriy S. , Volobuev Andrey N. , Krasnov Sergei V. , Adyshirin-Zade Kaira A. , Antipova Tatyana A. , Aleksandrova Natalia N.
Published: September 2023

Background. Turbulent fluctuations of the refractive index in the atmosphere lead to distortions during the passage of the radio signal. This can lead to distortion of the transmitted information due to the resulting fluctuations of the amplitude, phase and intensity of the electromagnetic wave that transmits the radio signal. Fluctuations in the intensity of the radio signal lead to flickering of the radio signal on the receiving antenna due to turbulent phenomena in the atmosphere, which are a complex multifunctional physical phenomenon. Aim. The problem of fluctuation of the intensity of the radio signal at the receiving antenna due to atmospheric turbulence is considered the flicker of the radio signal. This problem is currently extremely actual, because there is a tendency of active, negative interference in the process of high-quality transmission of the radio signal on the background of naturally caused turbulent fluctuations. Methods. A theoretical analysis of the passage of a radio signal through a turbulent atmosphere is carried out. The spatial correlation function of fluctuations in the intensity of the received radio signal due to atmospheric turbulence is investigated. Results. The concept of the radio signal flicker characteristic is introduced as the average value of a random variable over the cross section of the receiving antenna the dispersion of the logarithm of the radio signal power. A model of the occurrence of fluctuations in the case of two regions in the cross section of the receiving antenna with different levels of radio signal intensity is calculated. The correlation function for this model is found. Conclusion. Based on the Fourier-spectrum expansion of the two-point spatial correlation function of turbulent fluctuations of the refractive index, the dependence of the flicker characteristic of the radio signal on the wave number of turbulent fluctuations of the atmosphere is found. It is shown that the turbulence of the atmosphere has the greatest effect on the radio signal when the length of the electromagnetic wave is comparable to the scale of turbulent fluctuations.
Parametrical synthesis of various radio devices with the set quantity of cascades of type «the complex two-port network – the nonlinear part»
Authors: Golovkov Alexander A.
Published: September 2023

Background. Presence of possibility of analytical definition of a part of parameters of various radio devices, optimum by criterion of maintenance of preset values of modules and phases of transfer functions on necessary quantity of frequencies, considerably reduces time of numerical optimization of other part of parameters by criterion of formation demanded PFC and FFC in a strip of frequencies. Till now such problems dared concerning radio devices only with one cascade of type a nonlinear part - the coordination the device or the coordination the device - a nonlinear part. In quality of devices were used the jet, resistive, complex or mixed two-port networks. The problem of multicascade radio devices with jet two-port networks is solved also. Change of basis for the coordination two-port networks and a place of inclusion of a nonlinear part leads to change of area of a physical realizability. Aim. Working out of algorithms of parametrical synthesis of radio devices with any quantity of identical and unequal cascades of type the coordination the complex two-port network - a nonlinear part by criterion of maintenance of the set frequency characteristics. Nonlinear parts are presented in the form of a nonlinear element and parallel either consecutive on a current or pressure of a feedback. Methods. The theory of two-port networks, matrix algebra, a decomposition method, a method of synthesis of actuation devices microwave, numerical methods of optimisation. Results. In interests of achievement of the specified purpose systems of the algebraic equations are generated and solved. Models of optimum two-port networks in the form of mathematical expressions for definition of interrelations between elements of their classical matrix of transfer and for search of dependences of resistance of two-poles from frequency are received. It is shown, that at certain parities between quantity of identical cascades and values of resistance of a source of a signal and loading of the one-cascade radio device frequency characteristics of one-cascade and multicascade radio devices appear identical or similar. Such schemes are named by equivalent. Use of unequal cascades leads to substantial growth of a working strip of frequencies. Conclusion. The comparative analysis of theoretical results (PFC and FFC radio devices, value of parameters), received by mathematical modelling in system MathCad, and the experimental results received by circuit design in systems OrCad and MicroCap, shows their satisfactory coincidence.