bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Middle East Unconventional Well Stimulation Treatment by Applying WASP® Technology: Field Cases
Authors: Al Harthy Arafa , Al Habsi Khalid , Al Hinai Khalid , Walley Stuart
Published: March 2019

The conventional well stimulation treatments have been used in the oil and gas wells for long time to remove formation damage or skin in order to enhance the well production and be able to achieve economic rates.

Wireline Applied Stimulation Pulsing (WASP®) is a prominent new technology that is gaining more grounds in the well stimulation for oil producer and water injector wells. WASP® is an electro-hydraulic technology that generates repeatable, high power hydraulic pressure pulses downhole over the entire desired interval. The repeated pulsing stimulates the near wellbore area, breaks up scale and causing tensile failures in formation rock, thus creating mini fractures/fissures for new flow paths and removing formation damage or skin caused by scale, fines etc. that were blocking perforations, slotted liners, sand screens or gravel packs, resulting in improved inflow.

Petrogas Exploration and Development recently conducted a WASP® campaign trial that is the first application in the middle east in four vertical wells in the south of Oman oil fields. The wells were Well-A, Well-B, Well-C and Well-D. The vertical wells were completed on the Gharif and Al Khlata sandstone oil reservoirs, which contain relatively medium oil with a viscosity range of 44-239 cP. All the pay zones were perforated, except for Well-B which was completed with gravel pack. The wells were completed with artificial lift including PCP pumps and beam pumps with polish rod strings. It was understood that the poor/low production performance of the candidate wells was due to the high skin, caused by the damaged gravel pack and plugged perforations. The WASP® tool specifications that was run for the treatments of the wells were 2.750" in diameter, and the length was approximately 11.6 m. The conveyance was on electrical wireline cable by using a standard logging truck.

The results of the WASP® treatments jobs have shown mixed results but generally Well-A/B, Well-C and Well-D showed improvement in well performance and consequently in the oil gains. In fact, in Well-C in Aseel field had the highest production rate increased by more than threefold - a remarkable improvement. The other wells are still in the monitoring stage. The operation performance of WASP® treatments went smoothly without any operational issues or lost time in all the jobs. WASP® technology demonstrated that it is an attractive alternative method to the conventional well stimulation methods that involve the use of hydraulic fracturing and injection of acid, solvents and deimulsifiers. These conventional well stimulation methods have limitations in the treatment of the pay zone and operationally intensive. WASP® technology is proven to be more effective, safe (HSE compliant), less time consuming and thus cost effective. Petrogas is now considering applying the WASP® technology to the water injectors.
A Robust Correlation Improves Well Drilling Performance
Authors: Al Rubaii Mohammed Murif , Al Yami Abdullah , Omini Eno
Published: March 2019

Utilization of drilled wells operations’ records is required to perform improvement of performance to minimize drilling cost of planned drilling of new and re-entry wells (workover – wells). Many operators are always interested in finding optimum ways to save on drilling cost. Optimization of Rate of Penetration (ROP) has direct effects on cost reduction. Different Techniques were used to optimize ROP such as regression technique, multiple linear regression technique, neural network, artificial neural network methods, and basic reference of Bayesian networks. There are several factors that will limit application of ROP optimization models in different hole sections with high degree of accuracy. It is the authors’ opinion that modeling on smaller selected section with controlled parameters will give better optimization and validation. In this paper an empirical correlation of rate of penetration (ROP) is presented for a particular hole section. The data selected are from same hole size, formation type and mud type. It is based on monitoring and controlling simultaneously the applied weight on bit (WOB), drill-string's rotation (RPM), Torque (TRQ) and rig pump's flow rate (GPM). During this study will demonstrate the use of this empirical correlation to improve drilling in a hole section by more than 50%. The developed model also has high potential to be automated in real time operating environment to improve drilling performance.
Understanding Reservoir Fluid Behavior to Mitigate Risk Associated to Asphaltene Deposition in the Reservoir Rock Near to Asphaltene Onset Pressure AOP in the Magwa Marrat Depleted Reservoir
Authors: Al-Obaidli Asmaa , Al-Nasheet Anwar , Snasiri Fatemah , Al-Shammari Obaid , Al-Shammari Asrar , Sinha Satyendra , Amjad Yaser Muhammad , Gonzalez Doris , Gonzalez Fabio
Published: March 2019

The Magwa-Marrat field started production early 1984 with an initial reservoir pressure of 9,600 psia Thirty-six (36) producer wells have been drilled until now. By 1999, when the field had accumulated ~92 MMSTB of produced oil and the reservoir pressure had declined to ~8000 psia, the field was shut-in until late 2003 due to concerns on asphaltene deposition in the reservoir that could cause irreversible damage and total recovery losses. The field was restarted in 2003 an it has been in production since then. By April 2018 the field had produced 220 MMSTBO, with the average reservoir pressure declined to 6,400 psia. As crude oil has been produced and the energy of the reservoir has depleted, the equilibrium of its fluid components has been disturbed and asphaltenes have precipitated out of the liquid phase and deposited in the production tubing. There is a concern that the reservoir will encounter asphaltene problems as the reservoir pressure drops further. The objective of this manuscript is to present the process to understand the reservoir fluids behavior as it relates to asphaltenes issues and develop a work frame to recognize and mitigate the risk of plugging the reservoir rock due to asphaltenes deposition with the end purpose of maximizing recovery while producing at the maximum field potential

Data acquired during more than 30 years have been integrated and analyzed including 22 AOP measurements using gravimetric and solid detection system techniques, 17 PVT lab reports, 1 core- flooding study and 1 permeability/wettability study.

Despite the wide range of AOP measured in different labs, it was possible to determine that the AOP for the Magwa-Marrat fluid is 5,600 ±500 psia and the saturation pressure is 3,200 ±200 psia.

Results of this fluids review study indicates that it might be possible to deplete the reservoir pressure below the AOP while producing at high rates. Additional field testing and lab research have been proposed to 1) establish an adequate operating envelop for each well to optimize production and mitigate asphaltene deposition in the tubing to decrease downtime due to coiled tubing cleanouts which will reduce OPEX, 2) Support determination of a suitable reservoir pressure depletion to minimize CAPEX by implementing a pressure support project at an optimum reservoir pressure, and 3) Establish an appropriate field development strategy to produce the field at its maximum potential without jeopardizing the health of the reservoir while optimizing ultimate recovery
Barrier and Thermal Performance of Graphene-HDPE Nanocomposites for Pipeline Liner Application
Authors: Samsudin Mohd Shamsul , Ahmad Mahtar Murniyati , Leong Kok Hoong
Published: March 2019

The water barrier performance of high density polyethyelene (HDPE) nanocomposites with different graphene thicknesses and aspect ratios was investigated. Three graphenes with differing thicknesses and aspect ratios were considered for this work. The graphene was blended into the polymer HDPE matrix using a heated internal mixer. The best performing graphene in terms of improved barrier performance was determined to be the one that is thinnest and with the highest aspect ratio. This graphene was further studied for the effects of loading, whereby samples with 0.005, 0.01 and 0.10 wt% graphene, revealed no significant difference between them for enhanced barrier performance. In addition, the degree of crystallinity was also measured and compared between the unmodified and the three graphene modified HDPE. Between the three graphene-HDPE variants, there was no discernible difference in the level of crystallisation of the HDPE. However, it was shown that crystallinity improves by some 15%, corresponding to a measured degree of crystallinity of 65% for the graphene-HDPE, versus 56% for the unmodified HDPE. Thermal stability, on the other hand, did not improve with addition of the three graphenes used in this work. It is believed that the graphene loading used in this work was is low to produce any observable enhancement in thermal stability.
Development of the Arctic and its Impact on International Energy Market
Authors: Akimova Irina
Published: March 2019

Arctic is widely considering as the last world biggest storehouse of natural resources. But its unique nature should always remain the main concern for all the energy projects development in this area. To achieve this development of the Arctic should go along with innovative technologies development. The ambition of this paper is to provide assessment of main Arctic projects on international energy markets development.
Use of Numerical Modeling to Optimize Completion Design of Horizontal Multistage Fractured Well in Unconventional Source Rock under Uncertainty Parameters
Authors: Rabah Mesdour , Mustafa Basri , Ali Habbtar , Aramco Saudi
Published: March 2019

The development of unconventional resources is capital intensive and challenging where operators spend a large amount of resources to maximize value. This is a direct result of completing thousands of wells with multistage fracturing. The optimization of well completion to enhance hydrocarbon recovery will help to reduce development costs and enhance project economics under the uncertainty parameters: geological, engineering, and economic.

The paper demonstrates a novel workflow as an effective way to optimize completion design by integrating advanced multi-stage fracture modeling with reservoir simulation in an unconventional resource play. This work shows an integrated workflow using a compositional dynamic simulation study for gas condensate well. The complexity of gas flow physics in both nano-darcy reservoir as well as hydraulically fractured Stimulated Rock Volume (SRV) are considered. The physics include gas desorption, pressure dependent permeability, non-Darcy flow and gas condensate fluid behavior.

The workflow includes QA/QC of the geologic model with a fine model resolution to map the hydraulic fractures. Long-term flow back data is used to calibrate the simulation model using history matching regions following the analytical trilinear model. After achieving a reasonable history matching, a detailed uncertainty assessment was performed to estimate P10, P50 and P90 of the well's EUR (Estimated Ultimate Recovery) using Proxy modeling workflow. Uncertainty parameters include hydraulic fracture half-length, SRV permeability, dew point pressure, under-saturated desorption pressure, rock compaction trend, etc.

Finally, what-if scenarios were performed to assess the impact of cluster spacing, fracture height, horizontal well length and minimum well head pressure (WHP) on the well's EUR.

The results of this work illustrates the workflow used to optimize well completion design including the number of stages along the lateral, length of the lateral, treatment sizes and how it impacts well performance as well to support management decision making.
Unleash Unconventional Resources with the Power of Light-Laser Technology
Authors: Batarseh Sameeh , Al Harith Abdullah , Othman Haitham , Al Badairy Hameed
Published: March 2019

The objective of this work is to establish a communication between the tight hydrocarbon-bearing formation and the wellbore by using high power laser technology. This paper presents different methods of utilizing the energy of the laser to enhance and improve the flow in unconventional reservoirs including tight formation, the successful results are used for field deployment strategy.

High power laser is an innovative alternative to several currently used downhole stimulation methods and technologies. The system consists of the laser source which is mounted on the surface on a coiled tubing unit, fiber optics cable to transmit the energy and the downhole tool. The advantages of utilizing high power laser technology for downhole applications are the ability to control and orient the laser energy precisely. Laser energy generates heat when in contact with the rock samples, the heat impacts the rock samples by dehydrating, collapsing and dissociating some minerals near the wellbore, as well as creating micro- and macro fractures in the formation. In addition, heat removes the blockage around the wellbore and the effect extends deeper into the tight formation for production.

Continues efforts over the past two decades have been proven that high power lasers provide controllable heat source while penetrating the formation, this mechanism enhances flow properties especially in tight formation. Low permeability in these formations restricts the flow and reduces production. Shale, Sandstones (including tight sandstones) and carbonate rocks have been treated with high power laser. Pre and post-treatment measurements are conducted for comparisons; the results from all rock types show improvement in permeability and flow. The results of advanced core characterizations, imaging and visualization are presented. The success of the lab experiments leads to the development of field deployment strategy to use high power laser for in-situ treatment in unconventional wells.

Utilizing state-of-the-art high power lasers technology in downhole provides innovative and safe stimulation methods. Reliability, accuracy, and precision in controlling the power, orientation and the shape of the beam are some of the properties of the technology that made it attractive for downhole applications. Different tools have been developed for different applications that can fit any slim holes.
The Transport Behavior of Liquid Hydrocarbon in Shale Nanopores
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Xiangfang , Cheng Zhilin , He Minxia , Yin Ying , Liu Qing
Published: March 2019

Shale, as the "tight" rock with abundant nanopores, exhibits extremely low permeability on the order of micro-nanodarcy. The classic Darcy law, being widely and successfully used in developing the oil in conventional deposits, becomes insufficient for that in deposits of the shale. In this work, on the basis of molecular dynamic simulation data available in the literature, a model for oil transport through a single nanopore is established considering the boundary slip and the varying viscosity of the confined oil. The results show that, to accurately predict the oil transport properties in inorganic and organic nanopores, the viscosity correction for the confined oil transport in the nanopores is necessary. The oil transport capability in organic nanopores is greatly enhanced compared with that predicted by the no-slip Poiseuille equation, significantly enhancing the flow capability in the scale of nanoporous media, while the small slip length in the inorganic matter (IOM) has neglected effect. This implies that the greater concentration of drilling activity needs to be implemented in the region with higher TOC, where there is the "sweets spots" from the point of oil transport.
Innovative Green Solution for Gas Condensate Blockage Removal
Authors: Al Hamad Mohammed , Ibrahim Ezdeen , Abdallah Wael
Published: March 2019

Condensate blockage presents a serious production problem due to loss of gas productivity. Several methods have been proposed to resolve condensate blockage to restore the well productivity, most commonly used technique is hydraulic fracturing. Although, it is most commonly used, it is not always feasible and favorable due to its inclusion of costly chemicals such as surfactants, which could also be as hazardous material. Our objective in the current study, is replacing such surfactants with natural green surfactants which are more economical and environmentally friendly.

Interfacial tension and contact angle experiments were carried out to examine the efficiency of two different natural green surfactants in comparison to two commonly used chemical surfactants in fracturing fluids. The results revealed that natural green surfactant is efficient in reducing the interfacial tension by 74.1% compared to 94.8% when using alcohol-based surfactants. Moreover, the natural green surfactant showed stronger effect in altering the surface wettability in sandstone formations towards strongly water-wet with a contact angle reduction of 61% compared to 32% in the case of alcohol-based surfactants.

Based on the concentration used here, the natural green surfactants are more cost-effective, a product cost reduction of more than 50% can be obtained. Being efficient in reducing the interfacial tension, altering the surface wettability towards stronger water-wet, abundant in nature, environmentally friendly, and, cheaper cost, this new proposed natural surfactant can replace the currently used chemical surfactants for condensate bloackage.
OGIP Estimation from Boundary Dominated Data Using Normalized Variables: A Field Case Application in a Tight Gas HP/HT Field
Authors: D'Windt Adolfo , Al-Saffar Ali
Published: March 2019

Accurate estimation of the Original Gas in Place (OGIP) early in the reservoir life is fundamental as field development plans and ultimate recovery strongly depend on it. This is particularly relevant when the conventional material balance is not suitable due to the lack of pertinent shut-in pressure measurements. This paper presents a case history of a tight gas field in which we use flowing material balance technique and type curves for decline curve analysis to calculate OGIP by using only flowing pressure and rate data.

The method uses fundamental pseudo-steady state theory, which determines that a plot of the rate-normalized pressure drop vs the pseudo-time produces a straight line with the slope of such line yielding the OGIP. The use of the pseudo time concept calls for the estimate of gas properties at the prevailing reservoir pressure which in turn is a function of the OGIP and the cumulative production. We propose an iterative scheme based on the Newton-Raphson method to compute the OGIP using the flowing material balance technique coupled with the conventional P/Z material balance.

We illustrate the application of the method with the aid of synthetic examples as well as field cases obtained from low permeability gas reservoirs where no shut-in pressures are available. Results from the technique adequately compare with type-curve matching analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate the problem can be transformed into an equivalent-liquid system and being analyzed with standard PTA techniques using the constant rate liquid solution.

In absence of shut-in pressure information, the PSS analysis offers an attractive alternative to the conventional material balance method. Besides, the method only requires minimal phase behavior data in the case of gases rendering its application practical and convenient. Also, we describe how to transform the constant pressure problem into a constant rate one in order to apply standard PTA techniques. Additionally, this work demonstrates the importance of having automated wells with permanent gauges by enhancing the value of the information provided by them in the framework of an adequate and judicious reservoir management.
Smart DAS Uphole Acquisition System for Near-Surface Model Building: Results from the First Successful Field Tests
Authors: Smith Robert , Bakulin Andrey , Silvestrov Ilya
Published: March 2019

Accurate near-surface velocity models are required to correct for shallow velocity heterogeneities that can otherwise lead to the misinterpretation of seismic data, particularly in the case of low-relief structures. Here we show how a novel uphole acquisition system utilizing distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology can be used in a number of different ways to generate near-surface models.

The novel smart DAS uphole system connects multiple shallow wells with one continuous optical fiber. The horizontal and vertical segments of the fiber allow several techniques for near-surface model building to be tested using the same system. Uphole surveys use the vertical fiber segments to make accurate, localized velocity measurements, while the directivity of the DAS fiber enables horizontal sections to be used for refraction tomography and surface-wave inversion.

The smart DAS uphole acquisition system, which enables the collection of data for deep reflection imaging and near-surface characterization simultaneously, has been successfully tested for the first time. Data acquired from ten smart DAS upholes produced excellent early arrival waveform quality for picking and subsequent velocity model building. This direct velocity measurement of the near-surface can reduce uncertainty in the seismic interpretation. In addition, replacing the shallow part of the depth velocity model with the DAS uphole model resulted in significant improvements in the final depth image from topography.

The directivity of DAS enables the recording of refracted events on horizontal fiber sections which have been picked as input to refraction tomography. This produces an alternative near-surface model that captures a larger volume of the subsurface. Ultimately, while the uphole velocity model is only suitable for removing long-wavelength components of near-surface variation, the refraction velocity model may allow for the correction of small-to-medium wavelength statics.
Chemoradiation versus Oesophagectomy for Locally Advanced Oesophageal Cancer in Chinese patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jia Ruinuo , Yin Weijiao , Li Shuoguo , Li Ruonan , Yang Junqiang , Shan Tanyou , Zhou Dan , Wang Wei , Wan Lixin , Zhou Fuyou , Gao Shegan
Published: March 2019

Background: Surgery is the gold standard treatment for local advanced disease, while definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (DCRT) is recommended for those who are medically unable to tolerate major surgery or medically fit patients who decline surgery. The primary aim of this trial is to compare the outcomes in Chinese oesophageal squamous cell cancer patients with locally advanced resectable disease who have received either surgery or DCRT. Methods/design: One hundred ninety-six patients with T1bN+M0 or T2-4aN0-2M0 oesophageal squamous cell cancer will be randomized to the DCRT group or the surgery group. In the DCRT group, patients will be given intensity modulation radiation therapy (IMRT) with 50 Gy/25 fractions and basic chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) regimens. In the surgery group, patients will receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and standard oesophagectomy. Five years of follow-up will be scheduled for patients. The primary endpoints are 2-year/5-year overall survival; the secondary endpoints are 2-year/5-year progression-free survival, treatment-related adverse events and the patients’ quality of life. The main evaluation methods include oesophagoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography and biopsy, oesophageal barium meal, CT, PET-CT, blood tests, and questionnaires. Discussion: The preponderant oesophageal cancer pathology type is dramatically different in western Caucasian and Asian oesophageal cancer patients: Caucasian patients present with 80% adenocarcinomas, and Asians patients present with 95% squamous cell carcinomas. This phenomenon needs more in-depth studies to elucidate the differences in these populations. Based on the results of this study, we will show whether DCRT will benefit patients more than oesophagectomy. It will contribute more evidence to the management of oesophageal squamous cell cancer. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02972372; registered on November 26, 2016；the URL of the trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02972372?term=shegan+gao&rank=1
Descemet’s Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: A Case Series
Authors: Tase Saho , Shimizu Toshiki , Hayashi Takahiko , Tabuchi Hitoshi , Niimi Koji , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Kato Naoko
Published: March 2019

Background: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and features of Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 37 DMEK cases were reviewed from available medical records. Patients who exhibited endothelial dysfunction derived from PEX or Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and successfully underwent cataract surgery approximately four weeks before DMEK were enrolled. The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), and incidence of intra-operative/post-operative complications of DMEK were analyzed.

Results: This study included 14 eyes of 14 patients (PEX: n=6, FECD: n=8). There was no primary graft failure. In the PEX group, BSCVA improved from 0.67 ± 0.28 preoperatively to 0.43 ± 0.14 at 1 month, 0.27 ± 0.10 at 3 months, and 0.19 ± 0.08 at 6 months after DMEK. The donor corneal ECD was 2,704 ± 225 cells/mm2 preoperatively and decreased to 1,691 ± 498 cells/mm2 at 1 month, 1,425 ± 366 cells/mm2 at 3 months, and 1,281 ± 340 cells/mm2 (52.7 ± 11.7% less than ECD of the donor graft) at 6 months after DMEK. None of the patients required rebubbling. When compared with the FECD group, no statistical difference was observed in CCT (p=0.821); BSCVA (p=0.001) and the reduction rate of ECD (p=0.010) were comparatively worse.

Conclusions: DMEK is effective for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction due to PEX.
Reliability of pleth variability index in predicting preload responsiveness of mechanically ventilated patients under various conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Xu Chao , Wang Min , Niu Zheng , Qi Dun yi
Published: March 2019

Background: Goal-directed volume expansion is increasingly used for fluid management in mechanically ventilated patients. The Pleth Variability Index (PVI) has been shown to reliably predict preload responsiveness; however, a lot of research on PVI has been published recently, and update of the meta-analysis needs to be completed.
Methods: We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (updated to November 7, 2018) and the associated references. We also contacted relevant authors and researchers.
Results: Twenty-five studies with 975 patients were included in this meta-analysis. All patients were mechanically ventilated. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to predict preload responsiveness in patients was 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 - 0.85). The pooled sensitivity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.67-0.85) and the pooled specificity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.71-0.82). The results of the without undergoing surgery subgroup (AUC =0.86, Youden index =0.65) and ICU subgroup (AUC =0.89, Youden index =0.67) were reliable.
Conclusion: The reliability of the PVI is limited, but the PVI can play an important role in bedside monitoring for mechanically ventilated patients who are not undergoing surgery. Patients who are expanded with colloid and patients who undergoing cardiac surgery may be more suitable for PVI.
Snell's Law for a vortex dipole in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Cawte Michael MacCormick , Yu Xiaoquan , Anderson Brian P. , Bradley Ashton
Published: March 2019

A quantum vortex dipole, comprised of a closely bound pair of
vortices of equal strength with opposite circulation, is a spatially
localized travelling excitation of a planar superfluid that carries
linear momentum, suggesting a possible analogy with ray optics. We
investigate numerically and analytically the motion of a quantum vortex
dipole incident upon a step-change in the background superfluid density
of an otherwise uniform two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. Due to
the conservation of fluid momentum and energy, the incident and
refracted angles of the dipole satisfy a relation analogous to Snell’s
law, when crossing the interface between regions of different density.
The predictions of the analogue Snell’s law relation are confirmed for a
wide range of incident angles by systematic numerical simulations of the
Gross-Piteavskii equation. Near the critical angle for total internal
reflection, we identify a regime of anomalous Snell’s law behaviour
where the finite size of the dipole causes transient capture by the
interface. Remarkably, despite the extra complexity of the interface
interaction, the incoming and outgoing dipole paths obey Snell’s
law.
Editorial Franciscanum 170
Authors: Bonilla Morales Jaime Laurence
Published: March 2019

Editorial Franciscanum 170
El acto cognoscitivo en la perspectiva de Juan Duns Escoto
Authors: Elías Gloria Silvana
Published: March 2019

Este trabajo propone abordar, desde el enfoque de Juan Duns Escoto, los actos cognoscitivos humanos, concretamente el conocimiento por intuición y por abstracción, y dejar planteada la vinculación con la especie inteligible y el contendido intencional de la misma. Para ello, se centrará principalmente en el análisis de la Quaestio Quodlibetal xiii, en la que Escoto desarrolla uno de los nudos problemáticos más innovadores de su noética, a saber: la diferencia entre los actos mentales intuitivos y abstractivos, por un lado, y entre especie inteligible y contenido mental, por otro.  Para tal propósito, este escrito se organiza en tres partes, las cuales no coinciden necesariamente con el modo de exposición del  texto de Juan Duns Escoto, sino que se presenta como un posible recorrido de abordaje exegético de la compleja cuestión. El análisis interpretativo de los pasajes centrales y de las tesis que en ellos se arguyen se apoya en los estudios actuales que hay respecto de la noética escotista, tratando de dejar en evidencia tanto los puntos de acuerdo como los de conflicto respecto de qué entiende Escoto poractos cognoscitivos, su relación al objeto y qué quiere decir cuando habla de especie inteligible y contenido intencional.
La privación de los recuerdos durante la noche oscura de la memoria, en la mística de San Juan de la Cruz
Authors: González Suárez Lucero
Published: March 2019

Tras un minucioso análisis de las aprehensiones claras y distintas que las potencias pueden recibir tanto natural como sobrenaturalmente, San Juan de la Cruz descubre que ninguna de ellas es medio proporcionado para la unión mística. Dicho hallazgo conduce al santo al desarrollo de una elevada y recia doctrina: para no impedir la infusión de las virtudes, el espiritual debe ejercitarse en la privación voluntaria de dichas aprehensiones. El presente artículo es una meditación filosófica sobre un tema esencial de la teología espiritual: la purificación de la memoria, durante la noche activa del espíritu. La tesis a demostrar es que la memoria es tanto un sentido interno como una potencia, cuya operación es principio de la unidad de la existencia y fundamento del ethos.
El acontecer del misterio en el silencio, la contemplación y representación
Authors: Navarro Sánchez Rosana , Castañeda Fredy Humberto , Peña Esquivel William Augusto , Acero Montañez José Ricardo
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo pretende mostrar la profunda interrelación entre el Misterio, el silencio, la experiencia espiritual y el arte. Con ello se busca subrayar el requisito de la representación perteneciente a la experiencia espiritual a través del símbolo. El acontecer del Misterio y su acogida por parte del ser humano implica, en sí mismo, la necesidad del silencio y la contemplación. Estas dos características son elementos indispensables para identificar la autenticidad del ser humano espiritual. Aunque el silencio y la contemplación parezcan hablar sobre la «pasividad» de lo humano, el dinamismo que se genera en la vivencia de esta experiencia impulsa al sujeto a expresar de diversas formas una realidad que lo trasciende y fascina. La vía más adecuada de esta expresión es el símbolo, el cual busca representar una vivencia que comunica y transforma. La fuerza de la creación y transformación constante de este proceso permite descubrir, en la obra de arte, el signo visible de la auto-revelación del Misterio Santo. Ante el bullicio del mundo contemporáneo, que no da lugar al recogimiento, esta reflexión se presenta como una alternativa para profundizar sobre la necesidad de la espiritualidad en la configuración de lo humano.
Una ecología cristiana en un mundo insostenible
Authors: Hernández Acevedo Álvaro
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo realiza un análisis sobre el papel del pensamiento cristiano sobre el cuidado del medio ambiente, desde un acercamiento a la sostenibilidad. El creyente cristiano tiene como misión el reconocimiento de su relación íntima con el ecosistema, que va más allá de lo humano no vivo, lo debe comprender como el contexto de su experiencia fundante con Dios. La destrucción del medio ambiente es un pecado ante los ojos de Dios, quien encomendó su dominio en términos de cuidado, protección y defensa, lo que incluye promoción de la dignidad humana de todo ser viviente, quienes son la gloria de Dios.
Mens sana in corpore sano. Sobre la educación del cuerpo en la Contrarreforma española, siglos xvi y xvii
Authors: Torrebadella Flix Xavier , Rius Jordi Brasó
Published: March 2019

La genealogía de la educación física y el deporte moderno tiene una fundamentación civilizadora y pedagógica, forjada a través de los códigos disciplinares de la moral católica que utilizó el aforismo clásico: Mens sana in corpore sano. En el caso de España, la Contrarreforma utilizó la educación con el propósito de construir y solidificar un Estado católico. Las didácticas utilizadas, caracterizadas por el sentido de la eutrapelia y la emulación, fueron dispositivos que actuaron en el modelamiento de la docilidad corporal y del caballero cristiano. De este modo aparecieron diferentes usos sociales de la corporalidad en la educación, la formación militar, la recreación, el trabajo y la vida religiosa de la gente. De ahí surgió una concepción ética y burguesa que, a través del juego, la emulación y la eutrapelia, cimentó las bases de un capitalismo y una nueva manera de imaginar el mundo. El análisis de esta concepción y sentido de la corporalidad en la Contrarreforma (s. xvi y xvii) es el objeto de estudio del presente trabajo. La metodología se ha basado en el análisis de las principales fuentes primarias, contextualizándolas con trabajos posteriores que aportan una determinada visión hermenéutica al estudio. Se concluye que la educación (del cuerpo) en esta época fue una excusa para promover un ideal nacional, patriótico y de servidumbre a la patria española.
Pensar la Edad Media Cristiana
Authors: Barrera Vélez Julio César
Published: March 2019

Pensar la Edad Media Cristiana: La querella del imperio y el pensamiento político XIV-XV… (y otros estudios).
Entre disimetría y reciprocidad. El reconocimiento mutuo según Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Estrada Lopera Luis Esteban
Published: March 2019

Entre disimetría y reciprocidad. El reconocimientomutuo según Paul Ricoeur
Congenital multilocular arachnoid cyst of the interhemispheric fissure
Authors: D.V. Doroshenko
Published: March 2019

The prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of large multilocular interhemispheric arachnoid cyst at 34 weeks of
gestation is presented. No other anomalies were noticed. Patient was scheduled for the cesarean section. An
infant was undergone the surgery with fenestration of the cyst three months later. In this case, arachnoid cyst
had an excellent outcome and was not associated with neurological or cognitive impairment.
Current Concepts of the Pathogenesis of Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Sun Yingying , Shao Zonghong
Published: March 2019

Abnormal activation of the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA). Various immune cells and cytokines constitute a complex immune network, leading to bone marrow failure. The known pathogenesis is an increase of the myeloid dendritic cell (mDC)/ plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) ratio, which causes the ratio of T helper (Th)1/Th2 to be skewed in favor of Th1 and eventually leads to an abnormal activation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). The antigens that stimulate T cells in the context of AA remain unknown. In this process, regulatory T (Treg), Th17, natural killer (NK) cell, memory T cell and negative hematopoietic regulatory factors are also involved. In addition, genetic background (e.g., chromosomal abnormalities, telomere attrition, somatic cell mutations), abnormal bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment and viral infection may also contribute to the pathogenesis of AA. This review summarizes the recent studies of the pathogenesis of AA and the current status of AA research.
Physicochemical Properties and Photochemical Reactions in Organic Crystals
Authors: Leyva Elisa , de Loera Denisse , Espinosa-González Claudia G. , Noriega Saúl
Published: March 2019

Background:

Molecular organic photochemistry is concerned with the description of physical and chemical processes generated upon the absorption of photons by organic molecules. Recently, it has become an important part of many areas of science: chemistry, biology, biochemistry, medicine, biophysics, material science, analytical chemistry, among others. Many synthetic chemists are using photochemical reactions in crystals to generate different types of organic compounds since this methodology represents a green chemistry approach.

Objective & Method:

Chemical reactions in crystals are quite different from reactions in solution. The range of organic solid state reactions and the degree of control which could be achieved under these conditions are quite wider and subtle. Therefore, for a large number of molecular crystals, the photochemical outcome is not the expected product based on topochemical principles. To explain these experimental results, several physicochemical factors in crystal structure have been proposed such as defects, reaction cavity, dynamic preformation or photoinduced lattice instability and steric compression control. In addition, several crystal engineering strategies have been developed to bring molecules into adequate orientations with reactive groups in good proximity to synthesize complex molecules that in many cases are not available by conventional methods. Some strategies involve structural modifications like intramolecular substitution with different functional groups to modify intermolecular interactions. Other strategies involve chemical techniques such as mixed crystal formation, charge transfer complexes, ionic and organometallic interactions. Furthermore, some examples of the single crystal to single crystal transformations have also been developed showing an elegant method to achieve regio and stereoselectivity in a photochemical reaction.

Conclusion:

The several examples given in this review paper have shown the wide scope of photochemical reactions in organic molecular crystals. There are several advantages of carrying photochemical reaction in the solid state. Production of materials unobtainable by the traditional solution phase reactions, improved specificity, reduction of impurities, and enhancement in the yields by the reduction of side reactions. These advantages and the multidisciplinary nature of solid-state photochemistry make this discipline quite likely to develop a lot in the future.
Pharmacological Aspects and Potential Use of Phloretin: A Systemic Review
Authors: Mariadoss Arokia V.A. , Vinyagam Ramachandran , Rajamanickam Vinothkumar , Sankaran Vijayalakshmi , Venkatesan Sathish , David Ernest
Published: March 2019

Over the past two decades, many researchers have concluded that a diet rich in polyphenolic compounds plays an important therapeutic role in reducing the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, diabetes, and other degenerative diseases. Polyphenolic compounds have been reported to be involved in neutralization of reactive oxygen species and charged radicals, and have anticarcinogenic effects, hepatoprotective effects, low-glycaemic response, and other benefits. The benefits of fruits and vegetables may be partly attributable to polyphenolic compounds, which have antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Fruits such as apples contain a variety of phytochemicals, including (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, phlorizin, phloretin quercetin, cyanidin-3-Ogalactoside, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid, all of which are strong antioxidants. Phloretin, a natural phenolic compound, is a dihydrochalcone, which is present in the apple. It exhibits a wide variety of activities such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-allergic, anticarcinogenic, anti-thrombotic, and hepatoprotective, besides being involved in the activation of apoptotic associated gene expression and signal transduction in molecular pathways. Despite a multitude of clinical studies, new efforts are needed in clinical research to determine the complete therapeutic potential of phloretin.
Potentials of Diphenyl Ether Scaffold as a Therapeutic Agent: A Review
Authors: Kini Suvarna G. , Rathi Ekta , Kumar Avinash , Bhat Varadaraj
Published: March 2019

Diphenyl ethers (DPE) and its analogs have exhibited excellent potential for therapeutic and
industrial applications. Since the 19th century, intensive research is perpetuating on the synthetic routes
and biological properties of DPEs. Few well-known DPEs are Nimesulide, Fenclofenac, Triclosan,
Sorafenib, MK-4965, and MK-1439 which have shown the potential of this moiety as a lead scaffold
for different pharmacological properties. In this review, we recapitulate the diverse synthetic route of
DPE moiety inclusive of merits and demerits over the classical synthetic route and how this moiety
sparked an interest in researchers to discern the SAR (Structure Activity Relationship) for the development
of diversified biological properties of DPEs such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiinflammatory
& antiviral activities.
Follistatin-like 1 in Cardiovascular Disease and Inflammation
Authors: Peters Marijn M.C. , Meijs Timion A. , Gathier Wouter , Doevendans Pieter A.M. , Sluijter Joost P.G. , Chamuleau Steven A.J. , Neef Klaus
Published: March 2019

:

Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), a secreted glycoprotein, has been shown to participate in regulating
developmental processes and to be involved in states of disease and injury. Spatiotemporal regulation
and posttranslational modifications contribute to its specific functions and make it an intriguing
candidate to study disease mechanisms and potentially develop new therapies. With cardiovascular
diseases as the primary cause of death worldwide, clarification of mechanisms underlying cardiac regeneration
and revascularization remains essential. Recent findings on FSTL1 in both acute coronary
syndrome and heart failure emphasize its potential as a target for cardiac regenerative therapy. With
this review, we aim to shed light on the role of FSTL1 specifically in cardiovascular disease and inflammation.
Therapeutic Potential of Vanillin and its Main Metabolites to Regulate the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Bezerra-Filho Carlos S.M. , Barboza Joice N. , Souza Marilia T.S. , Sabry Peter , Ismail Nasser S.M. , de Sousa Damião P.
Published: March 2019

Many phenolic compounds found in foods and medicinal plants have shown interesting
therapeutic potential and have attracted the attention of the pharmaceutical industry as promising
pharmacologically active compounds in health promotion and disease prevention. Vanillin is a phenolic
aldehyde, widely used as a flavoring agent in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. A
variety of pharmacological activities has been attributed to this compound and its main metabolites,
vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol, including their anti-inflammatory ability. The relationship of the anti-
inflammatory effects of vanillin, vanillic acid, and vanillyl alcohol and their actions on oxidative
stress is well established. Considering that the inflammatory process is related to several pathologies,
including new diseases with few therapeutic options, and limited efficiency, the search for effective
treatment strategies and discovery of new anti-inflammatory agents capable of modulating inflammation
becomes necessary. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of vanillin and
its main metabolites for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and their actions on redox status. In
addition, the molecular docking evaluation of vanillin, its metabolites and isoeugenol were carried out
into the phospholipase A2 binding site.
Recent Advances Towards Treatment of HIV: Synthesis and SAR Studies
Authors: Shrivastava Neelima , Husain Asif , Rashid Mohammad , Alsabeelah Nimer Fehaid , Karim Shahid , Siddiqui Nasir Ali
Published: March 2019

In the present study, authors want to encourage the research exertions through structureactivity
relationship for the identification of effective molecules for the treatment of Human immunodeficiency
virus because nowadays AIDS is considered as one of the main causes of death in human
beings. A diversity of biological resources has been searched and developed for the treatment of HIV
but unfortunately, until now, no medicine is found to be fully effective and safe for the cure of patients.
Human immunodeficiency virus is a type of lentivirus which causes the infection of HIV and once it
enters the human body, it stays for a longer period of time triggering immunodeficiency syndrome. For
searching and developing new potent and effective anti-HIV molecules, medicinal chemists have engaged
in countless targets with the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of molecules and on this basis,
many antiretroviral therapies have been developed to cure HIV infection. Most of these new searched
molecules have been found to be clinically active against various types of AIDS patient and auxiliary
research in this area may lead to better treatment in the near future. This article encompasses and highlights
the recent advancement of innumerable inhibitors laterally through synthetic, semi-synthetic and
structure-activity relationship approaches.
A “Crazy Paving” Pattern on CT Scan in a Patient Treated with Pembrolizumab
Authors: Marvisi Maurizio , Ramponi Sara , Balzarini Laura , Mancini Chiara
Published: March 2019

Background:

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, have
shown great promise in clinical practice and have been incorporated into standard management of
NSCLC. Pneumonitis is a serious autoimmune toxicity associated with the use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1
antibodies, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality.

Methods:

We described the case of a 73-year-old woman with no history of smoking developing
exertional dyspnea four months after taking Pembrolizumab.

Results:

High resolution contrast CT scan (HRCT) presented a unilateral “crazy paving” pattern,
and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) an important lymphocytosis (20% of total cell count). The patient
reached clinical stability after the administration of systemic steroids (2mg\Kg\die) and was
discharged with long term oxygen therap

Discussion:

Pulmonary toxicity is frequent when using PD-1 inhibitors, resulting in significant
morbidity and mortality, often leading to the discontinuation of therapy. Clinical presentation is
usually protean and HRCT pattern is nonspecific. This is the first case presenting a “crazy paving”
pattern associated with BAL lymphocytosis.

Conclusion:

Oncologists, pulmonologists, radiologists and general practitioners have to consider
PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor pneumonitis as a potentially disabling and fatal event.