bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suscetibilidade à desertificação na microrregião de salinas, norte de Minas Gerais
Authors: De Figueiredo Jaíssa Bittencort , Amaral Everton Dias , Dos Santos Ronaldo Medeiros , Oliveira Romildo Lopes de , Vicente Marcelo Rossi
Published: July 2021

No Brasil, os estados do nordeste e algumas regiões de Minas Gerais s e do Espírito Santo são consideradas áreas susceptíveis à desertificação. Nessas áreas, a combinação entre fatores naturais e práticas não sustentáveis nas atividades humanas e na ocupação do espaço pode ocasionar cenários irreversíveis de degradação. Desse modo, ações diagnósticas de mapeamento são altamente relevantes, pois auxiliam a tomada de medidas preventivas ou de mitigação. No Estado de Minas Gerais, apesar de previsões dramáticas acerca do avanço da desertificação, há poucos estudos específicos para os seus municípios. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em mapear a distribuição espacial da susceptibilidade a desertificação na microrregião de Salinas e identificar os fatores locais determinantes ao processo. A metodologia compreendeu a aplicação de ferramentas em sensoriamento remoto e sistemas de informações geográficas a bases de dados espaciais, para o mapeamento, via método multicritério, do processo em questão. Os resultados indicaram um predomínio de níveis baixos e moderados de susceptibilidade, com, no entanto, situações críticas específicas nos municípios de Salinas, Santa Cruz de Salinas, Rubelita, Montezuma e Santo Antônio do Retiro.
Criminalidade e ambiente construído: o caso do centro histórico de Belém (PA)
Authors: Lobo Marco Aurélio Arbage , Tourinho Helena Lúcia Zagury , Raiol Roberta Dannyele Oliveira , Arnoud Sara Melissa Furtado
Published: July 2021

Vários estudos têm investigado a distribuição espacial das ocorrências de crimes nas cidades e a influência de fatores do ambiente construído nessa distribuição. Diante da elevada quantidade de crimes contra o patrimônio (furtos e roubos) no Centro Histórico de Belém, o trabalho procura identificar o padrão da distribuição geográfica desses eventos e identificar aspectos espaciais que neles interferem. Para isso: constrói sistema de informações geográficas usando dados coletados em boletins de ocorrências policiais; analisa mapas de calor indicativos das áreas de concentração de crimes; e relaciona essas áreas com características do ambiente construído. A análise dos resultados indicou que a maioria desses delitos ocorre principalmente onde há concentração de lojas e estabelecimentos de serviços, em vias largas e nas proximidades de praças. Também conclui que a literatura sobre o tema apresenta lacunas para explicar as peculiaridades dos centros comerciais de grandes cidades.
Uma análise histórico-cultural do processo de criação e formação do município de Triunfo – PB
Authors: Machado Thinaly Suellen Sousa , Silva José Lindemberg Bernardo da , Costa Franklin Roberto da
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os processos de criação e de emancipação política do município de Triunfo, localizado na mesorregião do Sertão Paraibano. Para tal, utilizamos referenciais bibliográficos específicos que tratam dos processos em estudo. Para consubstanciar a análise, recortamos categorias relacionadas ao espaço urbano e à história local, com base em estudiosos da área. Por fim, registramos uma breve caracterização do processo de formação urbana da sede do município, e posteriormente, recortamos eventos históricos e fatores socioeconômicos correlacionados ao processo de formação do município em destaque.
Percepção ambiental sobre florestas urbanas como estratégia turística e de desenvolvimento econômico/sustentável
Authors: Coelho Charles Costa , Boschetti Ana Carolina , Kanieski Maria Raquel , Vitorino Marcelo Diniz
Published: July 2021

O turismo urbano com o passar do tempo ganhou força e hoje é reconhecido globalmente, representando a principal fonte de renda de diferentes cidades. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a percepção da população sobre florestas urbanas como atrativo turístico. O trabalho foi realizado nas cidades de São Joaquim, Urubici e Urupema no estado de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa foi aplicada tipo Survey. Em cada cidade foram aplicados 300 questionários. Como critério de amostragem para aplicação do formulário de percepção, procurou-se englobar todos os bairros presentes em cada cidade. No total foram entrevistadas 900 pessoas (45% Masc./55% Fem.), em que 76% da população acredita que a arborização urbana pode ser um atrativo turístico. Os entrevistados apontaram fatores como parques urbanos, túnel verde com arborização viária e principalmente a utilização de espécies nativas endêmicas da região para arborização. Há uma diferença estatística nas respostas quando a comparação é realizada em grupo com as características sociodemográficas, o que pode ser consequência de maior facilidade de acesso e informações sobre os benefícios da arborização urbana. Assim, é necessária a criação de ações coletivas entre gestores públicos e comunidade, com propósito de subsidiar e fomentar a arborização nos municípios.
Structural, mechanical and morphological analysis of self assembled bionanocomposites
Authors:   ,   Durban University of Technology, Rane Ajay Vasudeo
Published: July 2021

The wide usage of polymeric materials in engineering is largely due to their valuable mechanical properties. Fracture is a rupture of the bonds between elements of a body (atoms, molecules or ions) resulting in breakage or cleavage of the specimen into parts. The resistance of a material to fracture is called strength or mechanical strength. Since the mechanical properties of polymers largely depend on their structure, it is necessary to create a structure ensuring an optimal set of mechanical properties which do not vary with time. The structure of the polymer is established during processing. Processing not only imparts certain shape to the material but also plays an important role in the creation and determination of its structure, i.e. microstructures. Structures are often conceived in the melts or solutions from which the polymers are fabricated. An interesting method of structure control is by introducing artificial nuclei into the polymer melt, which then becomes crystallization centers. Growing attention in PLA is because of some distinctiveness that is deficient in other polymers, specifically concerning renewability, biocompatibility, processability, and energy saving. PLA is derivative from renewable and biodegradable resources, and its degradation products are non-pollutant and non-toxic. Therefore, PLA may be a substitute for petrochemical plastics. Furthermore, PLA has several bio applications, such as biodegradable matrix for surgical implants, and in drug delivery systems. On the other hand, for structural use, it is required that some of its properties be improved, namely in terms of thermo-mechanical and electrical performance. To rise above these limitations, approaches, like blending with other polymers, functionalization, and adding of fillers, are practiced. Adding up of nanofillers is an appealing approach, as with small quantity of filler, it is achievable to improve desired features, keeping key properties of PLA unharmed. The most reported nanofillers are clays, silica’s, and carbon nanomaterials as incorporating nanofillers is a common approach to attain this goal. Exceptional properties of carbon-based nanomaterials have increased research works dealing with PLA composites. To discuss in brief, poly (lactic acid) originally is a brittle material with low impact strength and its elongation at break is similar to other brittle polymer such as polystyrene. On the contrary, its tensile strength and modulus are comparable to poly (ethylene terephthalate). The inability of poly (lactic acid) to plastically deform at high-stress levels limits its application; hence several modifying techniques have been used to enhance its deformation properties, as discussed above. From the available literature, has been confirmed that crystallinity is an important characteristic affecting the strength properties of poly (lactic acid) and its composites.
Interpretation of geostationary satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) over East Asia in relation to fine particulate matter (PM2.5): insights from the KORUS-AQ aircraft campaign and seasonality
Authors: Zhai Shixian , Jacob Daniel J. , Brewer Jared F. , Li Ke , Moch Jonathan M. , Kim Jhoon , Lee Seoyoung , Lim Hyunkwang , Lee Hyun Chul , Kuk Su Keun , Park Rokjin J. , Jeong Jaein I. , Wang Xuan , Liu Pengfei , Luo Gan , Yu Fangqun , Meng Jun , Martin Randall V. , Travis Katherine R. , Hair Johnathan W. , Anderson Bruce E. , Dibb Jack E. , Jimenez Jose L. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Nault Benjamin A. , Woo Jung-Hun , Kim Younha , Zhang Qiang , Liao Hong
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Geostationary satellite sensors over East Asia (GOCI and AHI) are now providing continuous mapping of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm to improve monitoring of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality. Here we evaluate our understanding of the physical relationships between AOD and PM2.5 over East Asia by using the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry model to simulate observations from multiple sources: 1) the joint NASA-NIER Korea – United States Air Quality aircraft campaign over South Korea (KORUS-AQ; May–June 2016); 2) AODs from the AERONET ground-based network; 3) AOD from a new GOCI/AHI fused product; and 4) surface PM2.5 networks in South Korea and China. The KORUS-AQ data show that 550 nm AOD is mainly contributed by sulfate-nitrate-ammonium (SNA) and organic aerosols in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), despite large dust concentrations in the free troposphere, reflecting the optically effective size and the high hygroscopicity of the PBL aerosols. Although GEOS-Chem is successful in reproducing the KORUS-AQ vertical profiles of aerosol mass, its ability to link AOD to PM2.5 is limited by under-accounting of coarse PM and by a large overestimate of nighttime PM2.5 nitrate. A broader analysis of the GOCI/AHI AOD data over East Asia in different seasons shows agreement with AERONET AODs and a spatial distribution consistent with surface PM2.5 network data. The AOD observations over North China show a summer maximum and winter minimum, opposite in phase to surface PM2.5. This is due to low PBL depths compounded by high residential coal emissions in winter, and high relative humidity (RH) in summer. Seasonality of AOD and PM2.5 over South Korea is much weaker, reflecting weaker variation of PBL depth and lack of residential coal emissions. Physical interpretation of the satellite AOD data in terms of surface PM2.5 is sensitive to accurate information on aerosol size distributions, PBL depths, RH, the role of coarse particles, and diurnal variation of PM2.5.
Long-term trends and drivers of aerosol pH in eastern China
Authors: Zhou Min , Zheng Guangjie , Wang Hongli , Qiao Liping , Zhu Shuhui , Huang Dandan , An Jingyu , Lou Shengrong , Tao Shikang , Wang Qian , Yan Rusha , Ma Yingge , Chen Changhong , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang , Huang Cheng
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Aerosol acidity plays a key role in regulating the chemistry and toxicity of atmospheric aerosol particles. The trend of aerosol pH and its drivers are crucial in understanding the multiphase formation pathways of aerosols. Here, we reported the first trend analysis of aerosol pH from 2011 to 2019 in eastern China. The implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan leads to −35.8 %, −37.6 %, −9.6 %, −81.0 % and 1.2 % changes of PM2.5, SO42−, NHx, NVCs and NO3− in YRD during this period. Different from the fast changes of aerosol compositions due to the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, aerosol pH shows a moderate change of −0.24 unit over the 9 years. Besides the multiphase buffer effect, the opposite effects of SO42− and non-volatile cations changes play key roles in determining the moderate pH trend, contributing to a change of +0.38 and −0.35 unit, respectively. Seasonal variations in aerosol pH were mainly driven by the temperature, while the diurnal variations were driven by both temperature and relative humidity. In the future, SO2, NOx and NH3 emissions are expected to be further reduced by 86.9 %, 74.9 % and 41.7 % in 2050 according to the best health effect pollution control scenario (SSP1-26-BHE). The corresponding aerosol pH in eastern China is estimated to increase by ~0.9, resulting in 8 % more NO3− and 35 % less NH4+ partitioning/formation in the aerosol phase, which suggests a largely reduced benefit of NH3 and NOx emission control in mitigating haze pollution in eastern China.
Retrieval of aerosol properties using relative radiance measurements from an all-sky camera
Authors: Román Roberto , Antuña-Sánchez Juan C. , Cachorro Victoria E. , Toledano Carlos , Torres Benjamín , Mateos David , Fuertes David , López César , González Ramiro , Lapionok Tatyana , Dubovik Oleg , de Frutos Ángel M.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This paper explores the potential of all-sky cameras to retrieve aerosol properties with GRASP code (Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties). To this end, normalized sky radiances (NSR) extracted from an all-sky camera at three effective wavelengths (467, 536 and 605 nm) are used in this study. NSR observations are a set of relative (uncalibrated) sky radiances in arbitrary units. NSR observations have been simulated for different aerosol loads and types with the forward radiative transfer module of GRASP, indicating that NSR observations contain information about the aerosol type as well as about the aerosol optical depth (AOD), at least for low and moderate aerosol loads. An additional sensitivity study with synthetic data has been carried out to quantify the theoretical accuracy and precision on the aerosol properties (AOD, size distribution parameters, etc.) retrieved by GRASP using NSR observations as input. As result, the theoretical accuracy on AOD is within ±0.02 for AOD values lower or equal than 0.4; while the theoretical precision goes from 0.01 to 0.05 when AOD at 467 nm varies from 0.1 to 0.5. NSR measurements recorded at Valladolid (Spain) with an all-sky camera for more than two years have been inverted with GRASP. The retrieved aerosol properties are compared with independent values provided by co-located AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) measurements. AOD from both data sets correlate with determination coefficient (r2) values about 0.87. Finally, the novel multi-pixel approach of GRASP is applied to daily camera radiances together, by constraining the temporal variation in certain aerosol properties. This temporal linkage (multi-pixel approach) provides promising results, reducing the highly temporal variation in some aerosol properties retrieved with the standard (one by one or single-pixel) approach. This work implies an advance in the use of all-sky cameras for the retrieval of aerosol properties.
An integrated dataset of daily lake surface water temperature over Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Guo Linan , Zheng Hongxing , Wu Yanhong , Fan Lanxin , Wen Mengxuan , Li Junsheng , Zhang Fangfang , Zhu Liping , Zhang Bing
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Lake surface water temperature (LSWT) is a critical physical property of the aquatic ecosystem and an evident indicator of climate change. By combining the strengths of satellite-based observation and modelling, we have produced an integrated daily lake surface water temperature for 160 lakes across the Tibetan Plateau where in-situ observation is limited. The satellite-based lake-wide mean LSWT in the integrated dataset includes that for the daytime, night-time and for the daily mean for the period 2000–2017. The dataset is comparable with other satellite-based LSWT products (e.g., LSWT from AVHRR and ARC-Lake) and unique for its tempo-spatial span and resolution. Calibrated and validated against the satellite-based LSWT, complete and consistent daily LSWT dataset have been reconstructed and extended to the period 1978–2017 basing on the modified air2water model. According to the reconstructed LSWT dataset, it is found that annual LSWT of lakes in the Tibetan Plateau has increased significantly in the period 1978–2017 with increase rate ranging at 0.01 to 0.4 °C 10 a−1. The warming trends of the lakes are more evident in winter than in summer. The integrated dataset together with the methods introduced herein can contribute to the research community to explore water and heat balance changes and the consequent ecological effects at the Tibetan Plateau in the future researches. Data from this study are openly available via the Zenodo portal, with DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5111400 (Guo et al., 2021).
A High-Accuracy Rainfall Dataset by Merging Multi-Satellites and Dense Gauges over Southern Tibetan Plateau for 2014–2019 Warm Seasons
Authors: Li Kunbiao , Tian Fuqiang , Khan Mohd Yawar Ali , Xu Ran , He Zhihua , Yang Long , Lu Hui , Ma Yingzhao
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Tibetan Plateau (TP) is well known as the Asia’s water tower from where many large rivers originate. However, due to complex spatial variability of climate and topography, there is still a lack of high-quality rainfall dataset for hydrological modelling and flood prediction. This study, therefore, aims to establish a high-accuracy daily rainfall product through merging rainfall estimates from three satellites, i.e., GPM-IMERG, GSMaP, and CMORPH, based on the likelihood measurements of a high-density rainfall gauge network. The new merged daily rainfall dataset with a spatial resolution of 0.1°, focuses on warm seasons (June 10th–October 31st) from 2014 to 2019. Statistical evaluation indicated that the new dataset outperforms the raw satellite estimates, especially in terms of rainfall accumulation and the detection of ground-based rainfall events. Hydrological evaluation in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin demonstrated high performance of the merged rainfall dataset in providing accurate and robust forcings for streamflow simulations. The new rainfall dataset additionally shows superiority to several other products of similar types, including MSWEP and CHIRPS. This new rainfall dataset is publicly accessible at https://doi.org/10.11888/Hydro.tpdc.271303 (Li et al.,2021).
Enhanced flood hazard assessment beyond decadal climate cycles based on centennial historical data
Authors: Benito Gerardo , Castillo Olegario , Ballesteros-Cánovas Juan A. , Machado Maria , Barriendos Mariano
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Current climate modelling frameworks present significant uncertainties when it comes to quantifying flood quantiles in the context of climate change, calling for new information and strategies in hazard assessments. Here, state-of-the-art methods on hydraulic and statistical modelling are applied to historical and contemporaneous flood records to evaluate flood hazards beyond natural climate cycles. A comprehensive flood record of the Duero River in Zamora (Spain) was compiled from documentary sources, early water-level readings and continuous gauge records spanning the last 500 years. Documentary evidence of flood events includes minute books (municipal and ecclesiastic), narrative descriptions, epigraphic marks, newspapers and technical reports. We identified 69 flood events over the period 1250 to 1871, of which, 15 were classified as catastrophic floods, 16 as extraordinary floods, and 38 as ordinary floods. Subsequently, a 2D-hydraulic model was implemented to relate flood stages (flood marks and inundated areas) into discharges. The historical flood records show the largest floods over the last 500 years occurred in 1860 (3450 m3/s), 1597 (3200 m3/s), and 1739 (2700 m3/s). Moreover, at least 24 floods exceeded the perception threshold of 1900 m3/s during the period (1500–1871). Annual maximum flood records were completed with gauged water-level readings (PRE: 1872–1919) and systematic gauge records (SYS: 1920–2018). The flood frequency analyses were based on (1) Expected Moments Algorithm (EMA) and (2) Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) method, using five datasets with different temporal frameworks (HISTO: 1511–2018, PRE-SYS: 1872–2018, ALLSYS: 1920–2018, SYS1: 1920–1969, and SYS2: 1970–2018). The most consistent results were obtained using the HISTO dataset, even for high quantiles (0.001 % AEP). PRE-SYS was robust for the 1 % AEP flood with increasing uncertainty in the 0.2 % AEP or 500-year flood, and ALLSYS results were uncertain in the 1 % and 0.2 % AEP floods. Since the 1970s, the frequency of extraordinary floods (> 1900 m3/s) declined, although floods on the range of the historical perception threshold occurred in 2001 (2075 m3/s) and 2013 (1654 m3/s). Even if the future remains uncertain, this bottom-up approach addresses flood hazards under climate variability providing real and certain flood discharges. Our results can provide a guide on low-regret adaptation decisions and improve public perception of extreme flooding.
Evaporation front and its motion
Authors: Mls Jiří
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The evaporation demands upon a rock or soil surface can exceed the ability of the profile to bring sufficient amount of liquid water. A dry surface layer arises in the porous medium that enables just water vapor flow to the surface. The interface between the dry and wet parts of the profile is known as the evaporation front. The paper gives the exact definition of the evaporation front and studies its motion. A set of differential equations governing the front motion in space is formulated. Making use of a set of measured and chosen values, a problem is formulated that illustrates the obtained theory. The problem is solved numerically and the results are presented and discussed.
Characteristics and coastal effects of a destructive marine storm in the Gulf of Naples (Southern Italy)
Authors: Mattei Gaia , Di Luccio Diana , Benassai Guido , Anfuso Giorgio , Budillon Giorgio , Aucelli Pietro
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Destructive marine storm bring large waves and unusually high surges of water to coastal areas, resulting in significant damages and economic loss. In this study it is examined the characteristics of a destructive marine storm on the strongly inhabited coastal area of Naples Gulf, along the Italian coasts of the Tyrrhenian Sea, which is highly vulnerable to marine storms due to the accelerated relative sea level rise trend and the increased anthropogenic impact on the coastal area. The marine storm, occurred on the 28th December 2020, was analysed through an unstructured wind-wave coupled model that takes into account the main weather-marine components of the coastal setup. The model, validated with in-situ data allowed to establish threshold values for the most significant marine and atmospheric parameters (i.e., wind intensity and duration) beyond which an event can produce destructive effects. Finally, a first assessment of the return period of this event was evaluated using local press reports on damage on urban furniture and port infrastructures.
A clustering approach to determine biophysical provinces and physical drivers of productivity dynamics in a complex coastal sea
Authors: Jarníková Tereza , Olson Elise M. , Allen Susan E. , Ianson Debby , Suchy Karyn D.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The balance between ocean mixing and stratification influences primary productivity through light limitation and nutrient supply in the euphotic ocean. Here, we apply a hierarchical clustering algorithm (Ward's method) to four factors relating to stratification and depth-integrated phytoplankton biomass extracted from a biophysical regional ocean model of the Salish Sea to assess spatial co-occurrence. Running the clustering algorithm on four years of model output, we identify distinct regions of the model domain that exhibit contrasting wind and freshwater input dynamics, as well as regions of varying watercolumn-averaged vertical eddy diffusivity and halocline depth regimes. The spatial regionalizations in physical variables are similar in all four analyzed years. We also find distinct interannually consistent biological zones. In the Northern Strait of Georgia and Juan de Fuca Strait, a deeper winter halocline and episodic summer mixing coincide with higher summer diatom abundance, while in the Fraser River stratified Central Strait of Georgia, shallower haloclines and stronger summer stratification coincide with summer flagellate abundance. Cluster based model results and evaluation suggest that the Juan de Fuca Strait supports more biomass than previously thought. Our approach elucidates probable physical mechanisms controlling phytoplankton abundance and composition. It also demonstrates a simple, powerful technique for finding structure in large datasets and determining boundaries of biophysical provinces.
Impact of ADCP motion on structure function estimates of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate
Authors: Scannell Brian Daniel , Lenn Yueng-Djern , Rippeth Tom P.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Turbulent mixing is a key process in the transport of heat, salt and nutrients in the marine environment, with fluxes commonly derived directly from estimates of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, ϵ. Time series of ϵ estimates are therefore useful in helping to identify and quantify key biogeochemical processes. Estimates of ϵ are typically derived using shear microstructure profilers, which provide high resolution vertical profiles, but require a surface vessel, incurring costs and limiting the duration of observations and the conditions under which they can be made. The velocity structure function method can be used to determine time series of ϵ estimates using along-beam velocity measurements from suitably configured acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCP). Shear in the background current can bias such estimates, therefore standard practice is to deduct the mean or linear trend from the along-beam velocity over the period of an observation burst. This procedure is effective if the orientation of the ADCP to the current remains constant over the burst period. However, if the orientation of a tethered ADCP varies, a proportion of the velocity difference between bins is retained in the structure function and the resulting ϵ estimates will be biased. Long-term observations from a mooring with three inline ADCP show the heading oscillating with an angular range that depends on the flow speed; from large, slow oscillations at low flow speeds to smaller, higher frequency oscillations at higher flow speeds. The mean tilt was also determined by the flow speed, whilst the tilt oscillation range was primarily determined by surface wave height. Synthesised along-beam velocity data for an ADCP subject to sinusoidal oscillation in a sheared flow indicates that the retained proportion of the potential bias is primarily determined by the angular range of the oscillation, with the impact varying between beams depending on the mean heading relative to the flow. Since the heading is typically unconstrained in a tethered mooring, heading oscillation is likely to be the most significant influence on the retained bias for a given level of shear. Use of an instrument housing designed to reduce oscillation would mitigate the impact, whilst if the shear is linear over the observation depth range, the bias can be corrected using a modified structure function method designed to correct for bias due to surface waves.
Reconstruction of annual accumulation rate on firn, synchronising H2O2 concentration data with an estimated temperature record
Authors: Travassos Jandyr M. , Martins Saulo S. , Potocki Mariusz , Simões Jefferson C.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. This work deals with reconstructing firn layer thicknesses at the deposition time from the firn's observed thickness in ice cores, thus reconstructing the annual accumulation, yielding a timescale and an ice-core chronology. We employed a dynamic time warping algorithm to find an optimal, non-linear alignment between an H2O2 concentration data series from 98 m worth of ice cores of a borehole on the central ice divide of the Detroit Plateau, the Antarctic Peninsula, and an estimated local temperature time series. The viability and the physical reliability of the procedure are rooted in the robustness of the seasonal marker H2O2 in a high-accumulation context, which brought the entire borehole to within the operational life span of four Antarctic stations around the Antarctic Peninsula. The process was heavily based on numerical optimisation, producing a mathematically sound match between the two series to estimate the annual layering efficiently on the entire data section at once, being disposition-free. The results herein confirm a high annual accumulation rate of aN=2.8 m w.e./yr, which is of the same order of magnitude as and highly correlated with that of the Bruce Plateau and twice as large as that of the Gomez Plateau, 300 and 1200 km further south, respectively.
A Framework for Simultaneous Design of Wind Turbines and Cable Layout in Offshore Wind
Authors: Pérez-Rúa Juan-Andrés , Cutululis Nicolaos A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract. An optimization framework for simultaneous design of wind turbines (WTs) and cable layout for collection systemof offshore wind farms (OWFs) is presented in this paper. The typical approach used in both research and practical design is sequential, with an initial annual energy production (AEP) maximization, followed then by the collection system design. The sequential approach is robust and effective, however it fails to exploit the synergies between optimization blocks. Intuitively,one of the strongest trade-offs is between the WTs and cable layout, as they generally compete, i.e. spreading out WTs mitigates wake losses for larger AEP, but also results in longer submarine cables in the collection system and higher costs. The proposedo ptimization framework implements a gradient-free optimization algorithm to smartly move the WTs within the project area subject to minimum distance constraint, while a fast heuristic algorithm is called in every function evaluation in order to calculate a cost estimation of the cable layout. In a final stage, a refined cable layout design is obtained by iteratively solving amixed integer linear program (MILP), modelling all typical engineering constraints of this particular problem. A comprehensive performance analysis of the cost estimation from the fast heuristic algorithm with respect to the exact model is carried out.The applicability of the method is illustrated through a large-scale real-world case study. Results shows that: (i) the quality of the cable layout estimation is strongly dependent on the separation between WTs, where dense WTs layouts present better performance parameters in terms of error, correlation and computing time, and (ii) the proposed simultaneous design approach provides up to 6% of improvement on the quality of fully feasible wind farm designs, and broadly, a statistically significant enhancement is ensured in spite of the stochasticity of the optimization algorithm.
Covid-19 pandemi sürecindeki uzaktan öğreticilerin yeterlilik durumlarının belirlenmesi
Authors: AYDIN Merve , ATABAY Melek , AYDIN Muharrem
Published: July 2021

Aralık 2019’da Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin tüm dünyayı etkisi altına almasıyla birlikte eğitim öğretim faaliyetleri bu durumdan olumsuz etkilenmiş ve formal, informal olmak üzere eğitimin tüm kademelerinde eğitim öğretim faaliyetlerine ara vermek zorunda kalmışlardır. İki haftalık süreç sonrasında Türkiye’de eğitimin tüm kademelerinde yüz-yüze eğitimden acil uzaktan eğitime (emergency remote education) geçiş kararı alınarak geçiş süreci başlamıştır. Bu noktada, ülkemizde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı ilk, orta ve lise kademelerinde EBA ve TV yayınları üzerinden uzaktan öğretim faaliyetleri gerçekleştirmiş, yükseköğretim kurumları ise bu süreci uzaktan eğitim merkezleri aracılığıyla yürütmüştür. Bu süreçte, çevrimiçi derslerin tasarımından, değerlendirilmesine kadar uzaktan eğitimin her aşamasında aktif rol oynayan öğreticilerin, uzaktan eğitimin başarısında önemli faktörlerden birisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada; Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde yer alan uzaktan öğreticilerin mevcut yeterliliklerinin betimlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tarama araştırması olarak yürütülen çalışmada, Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde uzaktan eğitim faaliyetleri yürüten 302 tane öğretmen ve öğretim elemanı katılımcı olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda uzaktan öğretici yeterliliklerinin mevcut durumu beş başlık altında (Teknolojik, Ders Yönetimi, Değerlendirme, Pedagojik, Etik ve Kurumsal) betimsel analiz (standart sapma, aritmetik ortalamalar vb.) yapılarak ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Uzaktan öğreticilerin yeni teknolojik araçları kullanma, derslerinde hedef ve kazanımlara uygun öğretim faaliyetleri gerçekleştirme, tüm ders sürecini planlama, uzaktan iletişim kanallarını kullanarak ders anlatımlarında uygun yöntem ve teknikleri kullanma ve uzaktan öğreticilerin kendi alanlarındaki güncel gelişimleri takip ederek mesleki gelişimlerine katkıda bulunma noktasında ortalama düzeyde yeterli oldukları görülmüştür. Ayrıca uzaktan öğreticiler, yürüttükleri ders sürecinde gerek öğrencilerle olan iletişimleri gerekse derslerinde içerik kullanımlarında etik kurallara uyma ve bulundukları kurumlara karşı sorumluluklarını bilme konusundaki yetkinliklerinin de üst düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak dersin kazanımlarını sağlama konusunda uygun değerlendirme araçlarını (anket, çevrimiçi quiz, kahoot vb) ve uygun alternatif ölçme tekniklerini (akran değerlendirmesi, e-portfolyo vb.) kullanmada kendilerini yeterli hissetmedikleri önemli bir bulgu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Buradan hareketle; bu çalışma sonuçları uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerini yürüten uzaktan öğreticilerin sahip olması gereken yeterliliklerin neler olduğu ve bu yeterlilikler çerçevesinde uzaktan öğreticilere verilmesi gerekli olan seminer ve farkındalık eğitimlerinin içerik ve kapsamına dair araştırmacılara, öğretim tasarımcılarına ve yöneticilere yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
PERFIL DE PACIENTES EM TERAPIA NUTRICIONAL ENTERAL EM INSTITUIÇÃO DE ALTA COMPLEXIDADE
Authors: Barbosa Jaqueline Almeida Guimaraes , Ferreira Lariza Emanuele Alcântara , De Castro Ana Luísa , Donoso Miguir Terezinha Vieccelli
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: avaliar os perfis sociodemográfico e clínico de pacientes em terapia nutricional enteral em uma instituição de alta complexidade. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, observacional e transversal. Analisaram-se dados de pacientes em terapia nutricional enteral ao longo de sete meses, considerando-se variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e a via de infusão da dieta. Realizaram-se análises estatísticas descritivas das frequências absoluta, relativa e média. Resultados: registrou-se que 614 pacientes usaram a terapêutica, sendo que 55,0% eram do sexo masculino e 39,9% tinham idade acima de 60 anos. Verifica-se que os diagnósticos clínicos mais prevalentes variaram de acordo com as faixas etárias, com destaque para o câncer (25,2%). Aponta-se que a via de infusão predominante foi a sonda nasoenteral (78,6%). Conclusão: entende-se que a terapia nutricional enteral se mostrou necessária em todas as faixas etárias e em vários diagnósticos clínicos, principalmente, para idosos e pessoas em tratamento oncológico. Avalia-se que os achados contribuem para o planejamento assistencial e o conhecimento em Enfermagem.Descritores: Terapia Nutricional; Nutrição Enteral; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Perfil de Saúde; Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente; Serviço Hospitalar de Enfermagem Descriptors: Nutritional Therapy; Enteral Nutrition; Nursing Care; Health Profile; Patient Care Planning; Nursing Service Hospital.
INDICADORES DE DESEMPENHO NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA*
Authors: Barros Renata Correa de , Campos Carlos Eduardo Aguilera
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: analisar a evolução de desempenho de indicadores da variável 3 das equipes de Saúde da Família, na Área Programática 3.1. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo. Compôs-se a população da pesquisa por todas as Unidades de Saúde de Atenção Primária com equipes de saúde da família. Informa-se que os dados foram coletados por meio do Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente e analisados posteriormente associados a variáveis independentes. Resultados: verificou-se que dois entre dez grupos de indicadores de desempenho apresentaram evolução positiva, acompanhamento de crianças menor de dois anos e acompanhamento de uma gestante. Observou-se que, das quatro variáveis explicativas, somente as equipes com residência de Enfermagem em Saúde da Família apresentaram significância para o alcance do desempenho. Conclusão: evidencia-se, por meio da análise, que poucas equipes conseguiram atingir um desempenho satisfatório nos indicadores. Utiliza-se, em diversos países, o incentivo financeiro às equipes como forma de analisar o cuidado prestado e o seu processo de trabalho. Notou-se, no entanto, que, para a sua plena implementação, são necessários um maior foco na qualidade dos sistemas de informação e novos processos de gestão nos quais a autonomia das equipes de saúde no processo de contratualização dos indicadores seja incentivada.
DEMANDAS DO ENVELHECIMENTO PARA ENFERMEIRO, AGENTE COMUNITÁRIO DE SAÚDE E CUIDADOR FAMILIAR PELO CUIDADO DE IDOSOS DEPENDENTES
Authors: Anjos Karla Ferraz dos , Santa Rosa Darci De Oliveira
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: descrever demandas do envelhecimento na perspectiva de enfermeiros, agentes comunitários de saúde e cuidadores familiares de idosos integrantes de práticas educativas em saúde. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, desenvolvido a partir de prática educativas em saúde com enfermeiros, agentes comunitários de saúde e cuidadores familiares. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Técnica da Configuração Triádica, Humanista-existencial-personalista. Resultados: as práticas educativas evidenciaram demandas do envelhecimento, como a de cuidado ao idoso que não tem família; encaminhamentos para serviços de referência; apoio da família, da comunidade e do Estado no cuidado; apoio financeiro e orientação para cuidadores; e capacitação de profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: verificou-se que as demandas do envelhecimento são inevitáveis, sendo necessário maiores investimentos sociais e de saúde aos idosos e sua família, e as práticas educativas desenvolvidas por profissionais de saúde, consideradas estratégias fundamentais para o empoderamento dos envolvidos no cuidado ao idoso.
PREVENÇÃO DE EVENTOS COM CATETERES VASCULARES: VALIDAÇÃO DE UM INSTRUMENTO
Authors: Alves Daniela Fernanda dos Santos , Dutra Gabrielle Oliveira , De Moraes Márcia Cristina Souza , De Lima Tiago Cristiano , Da Silva Vanessa Abreu , Gasparino Renata Cristina
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: elaborar e validar um instrumento de auditoria para inserção e manutenção de cateteres vasculares. Método: estudo metodológico que envolveu construção do instrumento; validação do conteúdo; pré-teste e avaliação da confiabilidade. O comitê para avaliação do conteúdo foi composto por cinco especialistas. Para o pré-teste, foram considerados 30 pacientes e para avaliação da confiabilidade, 50 pacientes, selecionados de maneira intencional. A validade de conteúdo foi avaliada por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e a confiabilidade interobservador foi analisada por meio do Coeficiente Kappa. Resultados: a versão inicial do instrumento, com 16 itens em quatro seções, sofreu modificações após avaliação dos especialistas. Após a segunda rodada de avaliação, o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi de 1,0 para todos os itens. O Coeficiente Kappa variou de 0,41 a 1,00. A versão final do instrumento ficou com 14 itens distribuídos em quatro seções (cobertura, manutenção, equipos/dispositivos e manipulação do cateter). Conclusão: o instrumento “Auditoria de Cateteres Vasculares” é válido, confiável e pode ser utilizado para identificar fragilidades, planejar atividades de capacitação das equipes, revisar processos de trabalho e, assim melhorar a qualidade da assistência à saúde e a segurança do paciente.
Estratégias para controle de Infecção Hospitalar causada por Enterococos Vancomicina-Resistentes: uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Paiva Aline Dias
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a importância dos Enterococcus resistentes à Vancomicina (VRE) como agentes de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde (IRAS) e identificar as estratégias nacionais e internacionais usadas no controle de IRAS por VREs. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura. Seleção de 18 artigos que tratavam da importância de IRAS por VREs e das estratégias de controle. Resultados: Observou-se concordância entre os artigos em relação às maneiras de minimizar os índices de IRAS por VREs. A ocorrência de IRAS é permissiva quando medidas para higiene são inadequadas. Ademais, treinamentos acerca do uso de antimicrobianos, culturas de vigilância e estruturação de uma comissão especializada são estratégias para redução de casos e que devem ser seguidas para contingência de VREs como agentes de IRAS. Conclusão: ações preventivas são a maneira mais eficiente de reduzir os casos de IRAS por VREs. É imprescindível padronizar e controlar o uso de antimicrobianos visando a prevenção da seleção de linhagens resistentes. Ainda, é necessário manter ativas estratégias administrativas para controle de IRAS e atualização dos profissionais técnicos e da limpeza que atuam nos serviços de saúde, possibilitando educação continuada acerca de todos os tópicos que envolvam o controle dos casos.
Uso do Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica em Pacientes Adultos: uma perspectiva para a enfermagem oncológica
Authors: Pereira René Rodrigues , Benício Givanildo Carneiro , Cavalcante Sara Lourrane Carneiro de Andrade , Do Vale Aurora Pinheiro , Rocha Dayane Dos Reis Araújo
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Identificar a perspectiva para a enfermagem oncológica da utilização do PICC em pacientes adultos. Método: Revisão integrativa estruturada por estudos indexados nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SciELO, incluindo artigos publicados entre os anos de 2015 e 2019, que abrangessem a experiência do PICC em pacientes adultos oncológicos. Resultados: Identificou-se inicialmente um total de 140 publicações, das quais nove compuseram a amostra final. O conteúdo permitiu a estruturação de quatro subtemas: comparação com outros dispositivos de acesso vascular; percepções de médicos e enfermeiros sobre o acesso venoso; experiência do paciente; e eventos adversos relacionados ao cateter. Assim, epilogou-se o aproveitamento de PICCs para o tratamento anticâncer, obtendo uma imagem clara do cenário de sua utilização na assistência de enfermagem oncológica. Conclusão: O PICC cresceu no escopo da enfermagem oncológica como tecnologia para acesso vascular. Entretanto, a perenidade do seu sucesso está inegavelmente vinculada à classificação adequada do cliente quanto à vulnerabilidade em desenvolver complicações e aos cuidados de enfermagem pós-inserção. A depender da preferência pessoal de oncologistas e usuários, o cenário futuro do PICC no tratamento de pacientes adultos com câncer é incerto. Descritores: Neoplasias. Oncologia. Cateterismo Venoso Periférico. Cateterismo Venoso Central. Enfermagem Oncológica. Cuidados de Enfermagem.
Guerra, magia y romance durante “los estados combatientes”.
Authors: Bonillo Fernández Claudia
Published: July 2021

La adaptación animada del manga InuYasha, escrito e ilustrado por Takahashi Rumiko, se sitúa de manera habitual entre las más queridas por los aficionados al anime en los rankings de series estrenadas desde el año 2000. Su mezcla de elementos shōjo y shōnen, su dinámica animación y la innegable química entre sus protagonistas son algunos de los elementos que más siguen atrayendo a fans de todo el mundo. Sin embargo, hay un factor clave que actúa como base para el buen desarrollo de toda la serie y que, en la mayor parte de ocasiones, pasa desapercibido: su detallista ambientación en la que se combinan los elementos fantásticos con una representación realista del periodo de las guerras civiles japonesas del siglo XVI conocido como Sengoku. En este artículo se va a realizar un análisis comparativo entre lo que se conoce sobre el estilo de vida durante “la era de los estados combatientes” y el mundo en el que se desarrollan las aventuras de Inuyasha y su grupo con el objetivo de determinar si el pozo mágico del santuario Higurashi es capaz de transportar no sólo a la protagonista Kagome a este tiempo pasado, sino también al propio espectador.
ANALISIS KASUS RATNA SARUMPAET DALAM MENYEBAR BERITA BOHONG DARI PERSPEKTIF PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA
Authors: Sakty myharto Wiend
Published: July 2021

Ratna Sarumpaet berbohong kepada public dan atas dirinya sendiri seolah-olah ia dianiaya oleh orang lain yang menyebabkan mukanya lebam. Belakangan diketahui itu efek dari operasi plasitik. Ada 2 Rumusan masalah yang dibahas diantaranya: 1) Bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penyebaran berita bohong? dan 2) Bagaimana pertanggungjawaban atas berita bohong yang dilakukan Ratna Sarumpaet? Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah metode yurudis normatif, Kajian pustaka yang menghimpun bahan hukum Primer sekunder dan tersier untuk dianalisis secara perspektif. Ada dua hukum yang diatur dalam KUHP secara umum dan UU ITE Secara khusus dalam menjerat Ratna Sarumpaet.
Acupuncture: A Clinical Option for Pain Management
Authors: Rao Mauna
Published: July 2021

Acupuncture is an ancient medical practice looking to find a place in western clinics. This article details the history, proposed mechanisms of action, and efficacy of acupuncture.
EFFECTS OF PILATE TRAINING ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE OF CRICKETERS
Authors:   La Fitness Reseau (18active Gym), Sohail Ramsha , Khalid Armaghan ,   La Fitness Reseau (18active Gym), Qadri Zainab ,   La Fitness Reseau (18active Gym), Shah Madiha ,   Isra Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences. Isra University Islamabad, Butt Rizwana ,   Institute of Medical Rehabilitation, Islamabad Pakistan
Published: July 2021

Objective: to determine the effectiveness of Pilate training on physical performance of cricket players. Methodology: A two-arm, single-centered, randomized control trial was conducted at LFR I8Active Gym I8, Islamabad for time duration of six months from June 2020 to March 2021. The active male cricketers aged between 19-30, who had practiced for at least 2 years and had normal BMI (ranging in between 18.5 to 24.9) were included in the study. The n=20 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria and recruited through non-probability convenient sampling technique and divided in two groups. The experimental group received Pilate training (PT) with conventional training (CT) exercise plan. However, control group received only CT exercise plan. The 30 feet agility shuttle run test, core strength test, endurance test, underarm throw accuracy test, throw-length test and ground fielding test was performed before and after the intervention. The MANCOVA was applied to see the differences in group while controlling the confounding variables. The level of significance was set at 95% CI (p≤0.05). Results: The mean age of study participants was 23.95±2.7 years, while average BMI was 22.4± 3.79. After running MANCOVA test on combine dependent variables, while controlling BMI and pretest score, statistically significant difference {F (6, 12) = 12.95, p<0.001, ηp2= .866} between groups was observed. All variables except endurance fitness (p=0.217), showed significant improvement in cricketer receiving combined conventional training and Pilates training (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that Pilates with conventional training significantly improved physical performance of cricketers.