bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Spiritual Concerns, Needs, and Resources in Outpatient Healthcare Facilities Serving Under-Resourced Black Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Gazaway Shena , Oppong Kwaku Duah , Burke Emily S. , Nix-Parker Tamara , Torke Alexia M. , Perez Shelley Varner , Fitchett George , Durant Raegan W. , Wells Rachel , Bakitas Marie , Ejem Deborah
Published: December 2024

Background

Acknowledging patients’ spiritual concerns can enhance well-being and is essential to patient-centered chronic illness care. However, unmet spiritual care needs remain a major area of suffering, particularly among under-resourced populations. Limited research exists on how spiritual concerns are acknowledged and integrated into the care of chronically ill older Black patients in these settings.

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the spiritual concerns and needs of chronically ill older Black patients from under-resourced areas and to identify available spiritual support resources for patients seeking healthcare through a community safety net health service.

Methods

Using a qualitative descriptive design, we interviewed 13 chronically ill, older Black patients and key clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, allied health, and clergy). The interview focused on patients’ illness-related spiritual concerns, sources of distress, and desired spiritual support resources. Participants also reviewed the Spiritual Care and Assessment Intervention (SCAI), a spiritual care intervention, and provided feedback on its content, format, and delivery.

Results

Five themes emerged from qualitative interviews: (1) spirituality is integral to seriously ill Southern patients; (2) clinicians should strive to address spiritual health in encounters; (3) socioeconomic barriers and competing demands impact priority of accessing spiritual care services; (4) spiritual care interventions should be patient-driven, compassionate, and fully integrated into medical care as a comprehensive service; and (5) participants thought SCAI was appropriate for use but should be shortened and provided in-person to increase accessibility.

Discussion

Findings will inform the development and piloting of small-scale culturally responsive spiritual care intervention tailored for seriously ill older Black adults in an ambulatory care setting.
Candidate genes associated with low temperature tolerance in cucumber adult plants identified by combining GWAS & QTL mapping
Authors: Li Caixia , Dong Shaoyun , Beckles Diane M. , Liu Xiaoping , Guan Jiantao , Wang Zaizhan , Gu Xingfang , Miao Han , Zhang Shengping
Published: December 2024

Fruit quality and yield are reduced when cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants are exposed to low temperature (LT) stress, yet, the inheritance and genes linked to cold tolerance in adult plants have not been reported yet. Here, the LT-tolerance of 120 cucumber accessions representing four ecotypes were evaluated by GWAS, and also, in 140 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a biparental cross. Plants were exposed to naturally occurring LT environments in a plastic greenhouse, in winter 2022, and 2023, and a low temperature injury index (LTII) was employed to evaluate plant performance. Genetic analysis revealed that the LT-tolerance evaluated in the adult cucumber plants was a multigenic quantitative trait, and that 18 of the 120 accessions were highly LT tolerant by our LTII assessment. Two loci (gLTT1.1 and gLTT3.1) exhibited strong signals that were consistent and stable in two environments. In addition, two QTLs—qLTT1.2 on chromosome (Chr.) 1, and qLTT3.1 on Chr. 3, were discovered in all tests using RIL population derived from a cross between LT-sensitive ‘CsIVF0106’, and LT-tolerant ‘CsIVF0168’. qLTT1.2 was delimited to a 1.24-Mb region and qLTT3.1 was narrowed to a 1.43-Mb region. Interestingly, a peak single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at gLTT1.1 and gLTT3.1 was also found in qLTT1.2 and qLTT3.1, respectively. These loci were thus renamed as gLTT1.1 and gLTT3.1. In these regions, 25 genes were associated with the LT response. By identifying differences in haplotypes and transcript profiles among these genes, we identified four candidates: CsaV3_1G012520 (an ethylene-responsive transcription factor) and CsaV3_1G013060 (a RING/U-box superfamily protein) in gLTT1.1, and two RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferases at CsaV3_3G018440 and CsaV3_3G017700 in gLTT3.1 that may regulate LT-tolerance in adult cucumber. Interestingly, the accessions in which the LT-tolerant haplotypes for two loci were pyramided, displayed maximally high tolerance for LT. These findings therefore provide a solid foundation for the identification of LT-tolerant genes and the molecular breeding of cucumber with LT-tolerance.
Public Perception of Technologies in Society: Mapping Laypeople’s Mental Models in Terms of Risk and Valence
Authors: Brauner Philipp , Glawe Felix , Vervier Luisa , Zielfe Martina
Published: December 2024

Technological advancements profoundly shape individuals, society, and the planet. As we continue to innovate, it is essential to assess how the public perceives both the benefits and risks of new technologies. This study explores the mental models of N = 111 laypeople from a convenient sample mainly from Germany and Bulgaria regarding a wide range of technologies and technology-driven trends, focusing on valence, familiarity, perceived risk, and the desire for societal debate. The article presents: (1) a ranking of various technologies and trends based on their valence (or perceived value), risk, familiarity, and societal debate demand; (2) a detailed analysis and visual mapping of the strong correlation between risk and valence (r
2 = 89%) and the moderate association between familiarity and the desire for societal debate (r
2 = 33%); and (3) an examination of the limited impact of user diversity on these perceptions. These findings underscore the importance of understanding public perceptions to guide responsible technological development and policy-making, highlighting key areas for fostering public acceptance and guiding governance of technology. Based on this, we derive actionable policy recommendations.
Global Ships
Authors: Respess Amanda
Published: December 2024

Global Ships examines the major seafaring traditions and technologies that engendered long-distance connections across the world's oceans during the Global Middle Ages. Between the years 500–1500 CE, maritime trade networks spanning the seas globalized commodities, religions, and trade diasporas in an increasingly mobile world. Focusing on shipbuilding traditions, nautical cultures, sailing itineraries, and examples of recovered shipwrecks and cargoes from around the world, Global Ships provides an expert overview of the major vessels that sailed the seas in the Global Middle Ages. A concise interpretive guide to global maritime technologies and cultures for researchers, teachers, and students, Global Ships highlights essential historical context, technological case studies, and logics of seafaring around the world before the modern age.
Hegel and Italian Political Thought
Authors: Gallo Fernanda
Published: December 2024

Across Italy in the nineteenth century, a generation of intellectuals engaged with Hegel's philosophy while actively participating in Italian political life. Hegel and Italian Political Thought traces the reception and transformation of these ideas, exploring how Hegelian concepts were reworked into political practices by Italians who had participated in the 1848 revolution, who would lead the new Italian State after unification, and who would continue to play a central role in Italian politics until the end of the century. Fernanda Gallo investigates the particular features of Italian Hegelianism, demonstrating how intellectuals insisted on the historical and political dimension of Hegel's idealism. Set apart from the broader European reception, these thinkers presented a critical Hegelianism closer to practice than ideas, to history than metaphysics. This study challenges conventional hierarchies in the study of Italian political thought, exploring how the ideas of Hegel acquired newfound political power when brought into connection with their specific historical context.
CFD modelling of micro turbomachinery blade: integrating surface roughness with novel reverse-engineering strategies
Authors: Yu Q. , Howell R.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the results of reverse-engineering (RE) strategies, surface roughness and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling for a Wren100 micro gas turbine (MGT). Utilising silicone moulds and resin tooling, precise blade geometry capture was achieved for 3D reconstruction allowing for discrete and parametric geometric models to be created. Using these geometries, CFD simulations employing both Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) and large eddy simulation (LES) models, alongside experimental wind tunnel cascade tests, were used to evaluate these reverse engineering strategies. The results show that while the parametric model captures overall MGT performance with fewer parameters, the discrete model provides enhanced accuracy, highlighting its suitability for detailed aerodynamic analyses. Contrary to initial expectations, surface roughness exhibited a noticeable impact on performance despite the lower Reynolds numbers (40,000), as demonstrated by the CFD model and wind tunnel experiments. The results indicate that surface roughness can reduce laminar separation bubbles on the blade leading edge, delay the onset of transition, and mitigate secondary flow losses. Overall, this study contributes to knowledge advancement in turbine blade reverse engineering and aerodynamics by detailing the impact of surface roughness on performance.
Hydrodynamic performance of a floating fluid-filled membrane breakwater: experimental and numerical study
Authors: Lv Chaofan , Zhao Xizeng , Zheng Kaiyuan , Zong Yiyang , Zheng Siming , Jiang Hongyi , Yao Shiming , Luan Hualong
Published: December 2024

Floating fluid-filled membrane breakwater (FFMB) is a temporary structure that can attenuate waves in the deep sea. In this paper the hydrodynamic performance of the FFMB is analysed by using the eigenfunction expansion boundary element method (EEBEM) and physical model experiments. A general motion equation is derived that considers both the dynamic tension and curvature of the membrane. Moreover, an integral expression for the dynamic tension is provided. On this basis, a linear model for solving wave–membrane interaction is established through the EEBEM. Newly designed physical experiments are performed to verify the model and elucidate the nonlinear characteristics of the FFMB. Following verification of the model, this paper investigates the effects of various structural parameters of the FFMB on the wave transmission coefficient, reflection coefficient, horizontal wave force, vertical wave force and dynamic tension. Furthermore, the interrelationship between the structural resonant response and the hydrodynamic performance is elucidated, and the optimal density and filling ratio of the FFMB for engineering applications are proposed. The results demonstrate that the numerical and experimental results are in good agreement, indicating that the model and the motion equation are both practical and highly accurate. By optimizing the structural parameters, the FFMB is capable of effectively attenuating waves within a specific frequency band, while minimizing the wave force.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of amphistome infection in domestic ruminants in the sub-Saharan Africa region
Authors: Nyagura I. , Malatji M.P. , Ngcamphalala P.I. , Mukaratirwa S.
Published: December 2024

Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide comprehensive information on the prevalence of amphistome infections in domestic ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles published between 2002 and 2023 was conducted. Prevalence estimates and meta-analysis were based on 76 peer-reviewed articles which met the inclusion criteria. Of the 55,122 domestic ruminants screened, 12,858 were infected, and the overall pooled prevalence was 22% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10-37). The highest prevalence was recorded in southern Africa 25% (95% CI, 0-62), and central Africa 16% (95% CI, 0-61) the lowest. Cattle were the most frequently sampled hosts (76.56%, n = 42,202) and sheep (8.78%, n = 4838) the lowest, and cattle recorded the highest pooled prevalence of 28% (95% CI, 12-47), and goats the lowest at 5% (95% CI, 0-14). Prevalence rate was the high in males 32% (95% CI, 21-44), adult ruminants 37% (95% CI, 15-62) and animals with poor body condition 47% (95% CI, 34-60), and during the wet season 36% (95% CI, 0-94). The highest pooled prevalence was recorded at postmortem 23% (95% CI, 8-43) compared to coprology 20% (95% CI, 6-39) studies. The meta-regression model demonstrated that the body condition score, host, and period, and the interactions of different factors significantly influenced the prevalence. The lowest prevalence rate was noted for the period between 2013 and 2023. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis in sub-Saharan Africa that provides a comprehensive review of the prevalence of amphistome infections in domestic ruminants in the past 20 years.
Expertise and Responsiveness in People's Political Consultative Conferences
Authors: Wiebrecht Felix
Published: December 2024

What benefits do inclusive institutions offer authoritarian rulers? Previous research has studied delegate behaviour in authoritarian institutions but has been less well-equipped to assess government reactions to it. Analysing the case of one People's Political Consultative Conference in China, I argue that an overlooked key benefit of inclusive institutions is their provision of expertise. Drawing on novel data comprising more than 9,000 policy suggestions submitted by delegates, delegates' biographies and the corresponding government responses, I illustrate that the government generally values suggestions that signal expertise. While this is especially true for departments of a more technocratic nature, I also find that members of the institutional leadership are systematically favoured. These findings provide an important addition to our understanding of the role of authoritarian institutions in policymaking processes.
When Presidents Limit Bureaucratic Power: Evidence from Abortion Bans in Foreign Aid
Authors: Lowande Kenneth , Salinas-Muñiz Ignangeli
Published: December 2024

Presidents possess vast authority to change policy unilaterally. But their power depends on the compliance of unelected officials, who typically have more information. We examine the conditions under which presidents invest in costly oversight of the bureaucracy. We identify an underlying political process—the polarization of an agent’s potential principals—and argue that because this increases the potential for future policy losses for presidents, they create new means of overseeing agency behavior. To test this argument, we examine abortion restrictions in foreign aid, leveraging archival records and interviews with former officials. Most importantly, this allows us to study prohibitions that were proposed but not adopted. We find that as abortion became an essential part of party competition for the presidency, Republican presidents increased their investment in oversight, which eroded bureaucrats ability to moderate presidential power over abortion abroad.
As Seas Rise, Marshes May Still Trap Carbon—and Cool the Planet
Authors: Talabong Rambo
Published: December 2024

Rising seas spell doom for coastal wetlands trapping carbon—or do they? New research reveals that as these ecosystems transition, they can still trap carbon and possibly cool the planet.
Another Hot Arctic Year Indicates a New Climate Regime
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: December 2024

NOAA’s annual Arctic Report Card illustrates a warmer, wetter, and increasingly wonky Arctic climate.
Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying obesity in degenerative spine and joint diseases
Authors: Xiang Qian , Wu Zhenquan , Zhao Yongzhao , Tian Shuo , Lin Jialiang , Wang Longjie , Jiang Shuai , Sun Zhuoran , Li Weishi
Published: December 2024

Degenerative spine and joint diseases, including intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), ossification of the spinal ligaments (OSL), and osteoarthritis (OA), are common musculoskeletal diseases that cause pain or disability to the patients. However, the pathogenesis of these musculoskeletal disorders is complex and has not been elucidated clearly to date. As a matter of fact, the spine and joints are not independent of other organs and tissues. Recently, accumulating evidence demonstrates the association between obesity and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Obesity is a common metabolic disease characterized by excessive adipose tissue or abnormal adipose distribution in the body. Excessive mechanical stress is regarded as a critical risk factor for obesity-related pathology. Additionally, obesity-related factors, mainly including lipid metabolism disorder, dysregulated pro-inflammatory adipokines and cytokines, are reported as plausible links between obesity and various human diseases. Importantly, these obesity-related factors are deeply involved in the regulation of cell phenotypes and cell fates, extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, and inflammation in the pathophysiological processes of degenerative spine and joint diseases. In this study, we systematically discuss the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying obesity in these degenerative musculoskeletal diseases, and hope to provide novel insights for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
Retinal fluid quantification using a novel deep learning algorithm in patients treated with faricimab in the TRUCKEE study
Authors: Aziz Aamir A. , Khanani Arshad M. , Khan Hannah , Lauer Eileen , Khanani Ibrahim , Mojumder Ohidul , Khanani Zoha A. , Khan Huma , Gahn Greggory M. , Graff J. Taylor , Abbey Ashkan M. , Almeida David R. P. , Barakat Mark R. , Corradetti Giulia , Graff Jordan M. , Haug Sara J. , Nielsen Jared S. , Sheth Veeral S. , Sadda SriniVas R. , Hadas Ilan , Benyamini Gidi , Nahen Kester , Mohan Nishant
Published: December 2024

Background

Investigate retinal fluid changes via a novel deep-learning algorithm in real-world patients receiving faricimab for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods

Multicenter, retrospective chart review and optical coherence tomography (OCT) image upload from participating sites was conducted on patients treated with faricimab for nAMD from February 2022 to January 2024. The Notal OCT Analyzer (NOA) algorithm provided intraretinal, subretinal and total retinal fluid for each scan. Results were segregated based on treatment history and fluid compartments, allowing for multiple cross-sections of evaluation.

Results

A total of 521 eyes were included at baseline. The previous treatments prior to faricimab were aflibercept, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or treatment-naive for 52.3%, 21.0%, 13.3%, and 11.2% of the eyes, respectively. Of all 521 eyes, 49.9% demonstrated fluid reduction after one injection of faricimab. The mean fluid reduction after one injection was −60.7nL. The proportion of eyes that saw reduction in fluid compared to baseline after second, third, fourth and fifth faricimab injections were 54.4%, 51.9%, 51.4% and 52.2%, respectively. The mean (SD) retreatment interval after second, third, fourth and fifth faricimab injection were 53.4 (34.3), 56.6 (36.0), 57.1 (35.3) and 61.5 (40.2) days, respectively.

Conclusion

Deep-learning algorithms provide a novel tool for evaluating precise quantification of retinal fluid after treatment of nAMD with faricimab. Faricimab demonstrates reduction of retinal fluid in multiple groups after just one injection and sustains this response after multiple treatments, along with providing increases in treatment intervals between subsequent injections.
Techno-economic assessment of thin lithium metal anodes for solid-state batteries
Authors: Burton Matthew , Narayanan Sudarshan , Jagger Ben , Olbrich Lorenz F. , Dhir Shobhan , Shibata Masafumi , Lain Michael J. , Astbury Robert , Butcher Nicholas , Copley Mark , Kotaka Toshikazu , Aihara Yuichi , Pasta Mauro
Published: December 2024

Solid-state lithium metal batteries show substantial promise for overcoming theoretical limitations of Li-ion batteries to enable gravimetric and volumetric energy densities upwards of 500 Wh kg−1 and 1,000 Wh l−1, respectively. While zero-lithium-excess configurations are particularly attractive, inhomogeneous lithium plating on charge results in active lithium loss and a subsequent coulombic efficiency penalty. Excess lithium is therefore currently needed; however, this negatively impacts energy density and thus limiting its thickness is essential. Here we discuss the viability of various technologies for realizing thin lithium films that can be scaled up to the volumes required for gigafactory production. We identify thermal evaporation as a potentially cost-effective route to address these challenges and provide a techno-economic assessment of the projected costs associated with the fabrication of thin, dense lithium metal foils using this process. Finally, we estimate solid-state pack costs made using thermally evaporated lithium foils.
X-ray linear dichroic tomography of crystallographic and topological defects
Authors: Apseros Andreas , Scagnoli Valerio , Holler Mirko , Guizar-Sicairos Manuel , Gao Zirui , Appel Christian , Heyderman Laura J. , Donnelly Claire , Ihli Johannes
Published: December 2024

The functionality of materials is determined by their composition1–4 and microstructure, that is, the distribution and orientation of crystalline grains, grain boundaries and the defects within them5,6. Until now, characterization techniques that map the distribution of grains, their orientation and the presence of defects have been limited to surface investigations, to spatial resolutions of a few hundred nanometres or to systems of thickness around 100 nm, thus requiring destructive sample preparation for measurements and preventing the study of system-representative volumes or the investigation of materials under operational conditions7–15. Here we present X-ray linear dichroic orientation tomography (XL-DOT), a quantitative, non-invasive technique that allows for an intragranular and intergranular characterization of extended polycrystalline and non-crystalline16 materials in three dimensions. We present the detailed characterization of a polycrystalline sample of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), a key catalyst in the production of sulfuric acid17. We determine the nanoscale composition, microstructure and crystal orientation throughout the polycrystalline sample with 73 nm spatial resolution. We identify and characterize grains, as well as twist, tilt and twin grain boundaries. We further observe the creation and annihilation of topological defects promoted by the presence of volume crystallographic defects. The non-destructive and spectroscopic nature of our method opens the door to operando combined chemical and microstructural investigations11,18 of functional materials, including energy, mechanical and quantum materials.
Central control of dynamic gene circuits governs T cell rest and activation
Authors: Arce Maya M. , Umhoefer Jennifer M. , Arang Nadia , Kasinathan Sivakanthan , Freimer Jacob W. , Steinhart Zachary , Shen Haolin , Pham Minh T. N. , Ota Mineto , Wadhera Anika , Dajani Rama , Dorovskyi Dmytro , Chen Yan Yi , Liu Qi , Zhou Yuan , Swaney Danielle L. , Obernier Kirsten , Shy Brian R. , Carnevale Julia , Satpathy Ansuman T. , Krogan Nevan J. , Pritchard Jonathan K. , Marson Alexander
Published: December 2024

The ability of cells to maintain distinct identities and respond to transient environmental signals requires tightly controlled regulation of gene networks1–3. These dynamic regulatory circuits that respond to extracellular cues in primary human cells remain poorly defined. The need for context-dependent regulation is prominent in T cells, where distinct lineages must respond to diverse signals to mount effective immune responses and maintain homeostasis4–8. Here we performed CRISPR screens in multiple primary human CD4+ T cell contexts to identify regulators that control expression of IL-2Rα, a canonical marker of T cell activation transiently expressed by pro-inflammatory effector T cells and constitutively expressed by anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells where it is required for fitness9–11. Approximately 90% of identified regulators of IL-2Rα had effects that varied across cell types and/or stimulation states, including a subset that even had opposite effects across conditions. Using single-cell transcriptomics after pooled perturbation of context-specific screen hits, we characterized specific factors as regulators of overall rest or activation and constructed state-specific regulatory networks. MED12 — a component of the Mediator complex — serves as a dynamic orchestrator of key regulators, controlling expression of distinct sets of regulators in different T cell contexts. Immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry revealed that MED12 interacts with the histone methylating COMPASS complex. MED12 was required for histone methylation and expression of genes encoding key context-specific regulators, including the rest maintenance factor KLF2 and the versatile regulator MYC. CRISPR ablation of MED12 blunted the cell-state transitions between rest and activation and protected from activation-induced cell death. Overall, this work leverages CRISPR screens performed across conditions to define dynamic gene circuits required to establish resting and activated T cell states.
Beyond conventional structures: emerging complex metal oxides for efficient oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Yinlong , Tang Zheng , Yuan Lingjie , Li Bowen , Shao Zongping , Guo Wanlin
Published: December 2024

Complex metal oxides beyond conventional structures are emerging as a promising family of materials for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis.
An enzyme-free immunosorbent assay of staphylococcal enterotoxin B using a three-way DNA junction amplifier with an automatic reset function
Authors: Li Wanhao , Xing Jiali , Xi Jinzhong , Yuan Shaofeng , Yu Zhilong , Yu Hang , Cheng Yuliang , Guo Yahui , Xie Yunfei , Yao Weirong
Published: December 2024

A novel, highly sensitive, enzyme-free and label-free fluorescent immunosorbent for detecting SEB in precooked dishes.
Ni(ii)-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution for the synthesis of allenylselenide
Authors: Zeng Ling-Hong , Cui Ranran , Huang Zhuo , Zhang Qing-Wei
Published: December 2024

A Ni(ii)-catalyzed substitution reaction for the synthesis of aryl allenylselenide has been developed with over 30 examples. The enantioselective version has also been preliminarily shown with one example.
Responsive deep eutectic solvents: mechanisms, applications and their role in sustainable chemistry
Authors: Vicente Filipa A. , Tkalec Nuša , Likozar Blaž
Published: December 2024

Phase separation induced by responsive deep eutectic solvents upon temperature, CO2 or pH stimulus, allowing analyte recovery and solvent recycling and reuse.
General chemoselective hindered amide coupling enabled by TCFH-catalytic Oxyma and transient imine protection
Authors: Li Qiuhan , Napier Sarah , Singh Andrew N. , Vickery Thomas P. , Fan Yi , Hernandez Edgar , Wang Tao , Dalby Stephen M.
Published: December 2024

We report a chemoselective amide coupling strategy that selectively reacts with hindered amine in the presence of competing primary alcohols and amines with excellent chemoselectivity, reactivity, and minimal epimerization.
A novel peptide electrochemical biosensor for heparin based on the dual “turn-on” signals of Ag/2D CuTCPP(Fe)
Authors: Zhao Fan , Lan Jingyue , Liu Yunxi
Published: December 2024

A “turn-on” peptide-based electrochemical biosensor was developed for the dual-signal sensing of heparin based on Ag/2D CuTCPP(Fe), and accurate heparin concentrations were quantified in rats throughout its metabolic process.
Revisiting strategies to improve the performance of hematite photoanodes for water photoelectrolysis
Authors: Souza Flavio L. , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez Ingrid , Souza João Batista , Leite Edson R.
Published: December 2024

The intricate interplay between morphology optimization, band engineering and chemical modification are critically discussed in this perspective.
Wavelength-dependent intersystem crossing dynamics of phenolic carbonyls in wildfire emissions
Authors: Valiev Rashid R. , He Yiheng , Weltzin Tate , Zhu Allen , Lee Dong , Moore Ellery , Gee Aidan , Drozd Greg , Kurten Theo
Published: December 2024

The comparison between the measured dependence of quantum yields of phenolic carbonyl loss and calculated dependence of kISC on wavelength.
Enhancing the stability and performance of Ni-rich cathode materials through Ta doping: a combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Monsees Frederike , Misiewicz Casimir , Dalkilic Mert , Diddens Diddo , Heuer Andreas
Published: December 2024

Ta doping in NMC improves oxygen stability during cycling, reducing gas release and enhancing structural integrity, as shown through combined experimental and computational methods.
Advances in the photon avalanche luminescence of inorganic lanthanide-doped nanomaterials
Authors: Szalkowski Marcin , Kotulska Agata , Dudek Magdalena , Korczak Zuzanna , Majak Martyna , Marciniak Lukasz , Misiak Malgorzata , Prorok Katarzyna , Skripka Artiom , Schuck P. James , Chan Emory M. , Bednarkiewicz Artur
Published: December 2024

Fundamental mechanisms, new applications (sub-diffraction imaging, optical thermometry or force sensing, and all-optical data storage and processing), new challenges and opportunities of photon avalanche highly non-linear nanomaterials are discussed.
Diastereodivergence in catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of carbon nucleophiles
Authors: Kim Byungjun , Lee Hooseung , Song Ilwoo , Lee Sarah Yunmi
Published: December 2024

This review explores various catalytic strategies for achieving diverse diastereomeric outcomes in asymmetric conjugate additions creating carbon–carbon bonds.
Unlocking the catalytic potential of heterogeneous nonprecious metals for selective hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Gong Wanbing , Ma Jun , Chen Guangyu , Dai Yitao , Long Ran , Zhao Huijun , Xiong Yujie
Published: December 2024

This review gives a critical analysis on the recent breakthroughs of nonprecious metal catalysts for selective hydrogenation reactions from the perspective of different catalytic hydrogenation systems and discusses their relationships.
A fine-tunable white light source using a novel dual-excitation design and efficient Sn-doped condensed borate glass phosphor
Authors: Bondzior Bartosz , Lisiecki Radosław
Published: December 2024

Condensed borate glass doped with tin provides wide emission with a high CRI of 97. The luminescence color can be smoothly adjusted from cool- to warm-white using the excitation wavelength, which is exceptional for a single phosphor light source.
Tracing nitrate contamination sources and dynamics in an unconfined alluvial aquifer system (Velika Gorica well field, Croatia)
Authors: Buškulić Patricia , Kovač Zoran , Matiatos Ioannis , Parlov Jelena
Published: December 2024

The use of multi-method approaches provides a unique way of understanding nitrate contamination and its impact on groundwater quality.
Electronic upcycling of corn straw: bio-based, elastic, conductive, cross-linked, eco-friendly hydrogels with multifunctionalities for flexible wearable sensors
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Taipeng , Wang Junyao , Gao Guangze , Li Yaqun , Ren Dingyi
Published: December 2024

Corn straw is the base material for the hydrogel, which realizes the upcycling of agro-waste into a flexible sensor. The as-prepared gel is sensitized to temperature, humidity, strain, and is eco-friendly with recyclable and degradable properties.
Iodine-mediated, chalcogen–chalcogen bond formation in water: green synthesis of carbamo(dithioperoxo)thioates, carbamo(selenothioperoxo)thioates, carbono(dithioperoxo)thioates, and carbono(selenothioperoxo)thioates
Authors: Satyanarayana Appanapalli N. V. , Pattanayak Paramita , Nayar Pranav Pramod , Chatterjee Tanmay
Published: December 2024

Iodine-mediated S–S and S–Se bond formation is achieved in water for the synthesis of biologically active carbamo(dithioperoxo)thioates, along with their newly identified classes of promising analogs.
Intelligent optoelectrowetting digital microfluidic system for real-time selective parallel manipulation of biological droplet arrays
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Zhou Shizheng , Liu Xuekai , Zeng Jianghao , He Xiaohan , Yu Zhihang , Liu Zhiyuan , Liu Xiaomei , Jin Jing , Zhu Yonggang , Shi Liuyong , Yan Hong , Zhou Teng
Published: December 2024

An intelligent optoelectrowetting system integrates AI-based detection and tracking to dynamically manipulate and auto-correct droplet movements. This enables precise multivariate independent microalgae cultivation in distinct media, enhancing experimental flexibility and accuracy.
Unlocking the full potential of solar cell materials: parameter sensitivity analysis and optimization using response surface modelling
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Rani Sanju , Wang Xu , Singh Vidya Nand
Published: December 2024

This study introduces response surface modelling for predicting solar cell efficiency and conducting sensitivity analysis of key parameters and their interactions and optimizing interacting solar cell structure parameters for the best performance.
A fast GGAG:Ce(Mg) single crystal scintillator: LDFZM growth, characterization and electronic band structure calculation
Authors: Zajíc František , Jarý Vítězslav , Pospíšil Jiří , Boháček Pavel , Umar Zafari , Piasecki Michal , Brik Mikhail G. , Kučerková Romana , Beitlerová Alena , Nikl Martin
Published: December 2024

GGAG:Ce(Mg) crystals were prepared by the laser-diode floating zone method in oxygen over-pressure. Electronic band structure calculations for different compositions of GGAG were performed and discussed.
Halide-mediated electrochemical modification of copper phthalocyanine for humidity sensing applications
Authors: Ngokpho Busarakham , Janphuang Pattanaphong , Nijpanich Supinya , Chanlek Narong , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Siritanon Theeranun , Ngamchuea Kamonwad
Published: December 2024

A one-step electrochemical halogenation and exfoliation of CuPc yields tunable properties, enabling high-performance flexible humidity sensors.
An iodine-driven muscle-mimicking self-resetting bilayer hydrogel actuator
Authors: Guo Kangle , Sun Hao , Nan Mengmeng , Sun Tiedong , Wang Guangtong , Liu Shaoqin
Published: December 2024

The I2-responsiveness of polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel is demonstrated. A new type of fuel-driven bilayer hydrogel actuator using I2 as a chemical fuel was successfully fabricated.
Targeted NIR-triggered doxorubicin release using carbon dots–poly(ethylene glycol)–folate conjugates for breast cancer treatment
Authors: Varvarà Paola , Mauro Nicolò , Cavallaro Gennara
Published: December 2024

A carbon dot-based nanotheranostic platform demonstrated fluorescence imaging and folic acid-targeted doxorubicin therapy with spatio-temporal light-controlled drug release for personalized breast cancer treatment.
Controlled bioreduction of silver ions to nanosized particles on a porous magnetic-biopolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose, Fe3O4/CMC-Ag NPs, serving as a sustainable nanocatalyst
Authors: Azizi Mojtaba , Jafari Mahdi , Rostamnia Sadegh
Published: December 2024

A magnetic-biopolymer composite of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), designated as Fe3O4@CMC, was synthesized featuring remarkable stability and an active surface with a green biosynthetic method.
A new conservation material for gold in heritage wall paintings: polymer-stabilized nanogold gels (NGGs)
Authors: Na'es Maram , Lühl Lars , Kanngießer Birgit
Published: December 2024

Gilded wall paintings continue to lose their gold layer over time. A new polymer-stabilised gold nanoparticles adhesive (NGG) was produced and tested. It proved successful re-adhesion and appropriateness as a conservation material.
Enhancing the proton conduction performance of Nafion composite membranes through doping simple and low-cost hydrated calcium terephthalate
Authors: Wang Na , Ding Li , Zou Huiqi , Huan Zhipeng , Lu Jing , Liu Houting , Wang Suna , Li Yunwu
Published: December 2024

A simple, low-cost and hydrophilic Ca–MOF with continuous hydrogen bonds was designed and synthesized. As the filler of Nafion composite membranes, it could significantly improve the proton conductivity of Nafion composite membranes.
Self-derived, high-mechanical-strength polymetallic phosphides microsheet heterostructures for industrial-scale high-current-density water-splitting
Authors: Jin Jing , Chen Feng , Hu Xinyu , Zhang Jiashuai , Hou Li , Lei Wenwei , Gao Faming
Published: December 2024

Heterostructured Fe–CNP/NCF microsheets exhibited excellent HER/OER performance. Its robust structure withstood bubble impact at high currents, ensuring 200 h of stable industrial water electrolysis, demonstrating durability and scalability.
Multichromophoric perylene–iridium triad as a homogeneous photocatalyst for the efficient synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline derivatives
Authors: Kumari Anita , Sengupta Sanchita
Published: December 2024

We synthesized a multichromophoric catalyst system, namely, Ir-triad 1 and utilized it as a homogeneous photocatalyst to efficiently synthesize tetrahydroquinolines achieving up to 83% yield, with six different examples of substrates.
A kinetic study for the estimation of riboflavin sensitized photooxidation of pyridoxine HCl using green UV-visible spectrometric and HPLC methods
Authors: Anwar Zubair , Noreen Aisha , Usmani Muneeba , Akram Zuneera , Ejaz Muhammad Ahsan , Sheraz Muhammad Ali , Ahmed Sofia , Zahid Saima , Sabir Saba , Musharraf Syed Ghulam
Published: December 2024

In an aqueous solution, when riboflavin (RF) is present with pyridoxine HCl (PD) on irradiation (UV, visible light), it results in the increased RF-sensitized photodegradation of PD.
Thermally activated processes: the underlying mechanism of activated state formation
Authors: Lazarenko Maksym M. , Zabashta Yuriy F. , Alekseev Oleksandr M. , Alekseev Sergei A. , Yablochkova Kateryna S. , Vergun Liena Yu. , Andrusenko Dmytro A. , Cherevko Konstantin V. , Shevchenko Victoria B. , Dinzhos Roman V. , Bulavin Leonid A.
Published: December 2024

In the present manuscript, we highlight the contradictions in the thermally activated processes theory which treats a system's activated state as a state of the phonon subsystem.
Effects of Mn promotion on the structure and catalytic performance of Co2C-based catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch to olefin reaction
Authors: Wang Xinxing , Zhou Xuan , Shen Huachen , Chen Wen , An Yunlei , Dai Yuanyuan , Lin Tiejun
Published: December 2024

An Mn promoter changes the structure of cobalt carbide and catalytic performance for the Fischer–Tropsch to olefin reaction.
Agarose-gel coating for improving the polydopamine-based pH sensor stability in continuous pH measurements
Authors: Fudge Natalie , Keyvani Fatemeh , Khatri Joshua , Poudineh Mahla
Published: December 2024

This work presents polydopamine-based pH sensors with enhanced stability and minimal signal drift after consecutive and continuous measurements.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST) of the Uterine Cervix – A Systematic Literature Review and New Case Report with Possible New Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: He Wei , Hu Zhi Min , Yang Zhi Hui , Wang Qin , Schwenzer Thomas Christoph
Published: December 2024

Malignant schwannomas of the visceral organs are extremely rare. To date, 19 cases of cervical schwannoma have been reported in the literature worldwide. A single case prompted a review of the literature. The differential diagnosis between melanoma and schwannoma is made using the marker HMB-45, which is positive for melanoma and negative for schwannoma. This differentiation allowed us to identify two of the 20 cases that were probably not schwannomas.

The prognosis of malignant cervical schwannoma is poor. Approximately half of the cases develop local recurrence or distant metastases within a short time, despite resection in healthy tissue.

In one case, gene sequencing revealed a potential treatment approach with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus and trastuzumab. Unfortunately, the potential efficacy of these treatment options could not be tested because the patient was being treated at another hospital at the time of relapse, and they did not use a drug that matched the NGS profile.
CFTR Modulator Treatment in Children<12 Years of Age – Status Quo
and Challenges
Authors: Funken Dominik , Schütz Katharina , Dittrich Anna-Maria
Published: December 2024

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that results from mutations in the CFTR
gene. It primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. Recent advancements
in the treatment of CF have been driven by highly effective therapies that
modulate the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
(CFTR) protein, which target the underlying molecular defects in CFTR function.
These modulators have been demonstrated to significantly improve lung function,
weight gain, and quality of life for 90% of individuals with CF, particularly
those with the F508del mutation. HEMT has also demonstrated potential benefits
for pancreatic and liver function, and its early use in young children may delay
or prevent disease progression. However, challenges remain in optimizing
biomarkers and outcome measures for younger children, addressing side effects,
and developing novel therapies for mutations not responsive to current
treatments. This review focuses on the efficacy, safety, and future perspectives
of HEMT in children under 12 years of age, emphasizing the importance of early
intervention to improve long-term outcomes in CF patients.
The effects of a 24-week exercise intervention and detraining on
individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Jacinto Miguel , Monteiro Diogo , Coelho Luís , Diz Susana , Matos Rui , Amaro Nuno , Antunes Raul
Published: December 2024

Objetive Regular physical exercise can promote physical fitness, reduce
the risk of chronic diseases, increase independence and success in daily
activities, and promote quality of life for individuals with intellectual and
developmental disabilities (IDD). On the one hand, if this exercise practice is
discontinued or interrupted, the associated beneficial effects can be lost. The
aim of this study was to examine possible changes in body composition and
physical and functional fitness variables after regular practice of a physical
exercise program, as well as after the same period of detraining.

Materials and Methods This study followed a quasi-experimental methodology
of 6 months of physical exercise, followed by 6 months of interruption. The
sample consisted of 10 individuals with IDD, with an average age of 43.2 years
(SD=9.47). Weight, body mass index, handgrip, Timed Up and Go and Sit to Stand
were assessed at initial intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up.

Results Participants improved in all variables after the intervention
program, but only significantly in the handgrip test (Bonferroni corrected:
t=1.05; p=0.019; W=0.21). After 6 months without regular exercise, the
participants showed a decline in physical and functional fitness variables, but
only in handgrip significantly (p=0.044).

Conclusions Although there are some gains from physical exercise program,
there seems to be a loss of these gains after the end of the program. It is
therefore recommended to avoid the period of detraining, which is fundamental to
promoting the benefits of exercise, healthy ageing, independence, success in
carrying out activities of daily living and quality of life.
Comparison of Ocular Biometry Measurements from Two Swept-Source OCT Devices: Eyestar 900 vs. Anterion
Authors: Kool van Langenberghe Julian V. , Schwarzer Petra , Jahn Tobias , Tappeiner Christoph , Kyroudis Dimitrios , Vrbka Eva , Goldblum David
Published: December 2024

Background Advanced swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) devices are the current gold standard for the measurement of ocular biometric and keratometric parameters, which are essential for the calculation and selection of intraocular lenses (IOLs). This study compares the agreement of two SS-OCT devices, the Eyestar 900 (Haag-Streit, Köniz, Switzerland) and the Anterion (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany).

Materials and Methods All patients undergoing cataract surgery or seeking consultation for corneal abnormalities between January 2024 and May 2024 were eligible for inclusion. Both eyes were included in the final analysis.

Results A sample of 86 eyes from 43 patients was analysed. The mean differences (ES-AN) across all data between the Eyestar 900 (ES) and Anterion (AN) were as follows: anterior chamber depth (ACD) − 0.080 mm (ICC > 0.926), axial length (AL) 0.015 mm (ICC > 0.99), central corneal thickness (CCT) 0.914 µm (ICC > 0.921), corneal curvature along the flat meridian (K1) − 0.024 D (ICC > 0.904), and steep meridian (K2) − 0.210 D (ICC > 0.902), white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW) 0.215 mm (ICC > 0.81). There was excellent agreement for ACD, AL, CCT, K1, K2, and WTW. However, the corneal axis (AX) showed only moderate agreement (ICC > 0.389), with a mean difference of 5.97° and a notable standard deviation of 58.6°.

Conclusions The Eyestar 900 and Anterion demonstrated substantial agreement for all parameters except for the corneal meridian axis. It may be assumed that the inclusion of eyes with irregular corneal topographies may have contributed to this discrepancy.

Summary Overall, there was a high level of agreement between the Eyestar 900 and Anterion. It is reasonable to assume that the measurement outcomes provided by both devices are interchangeable for the calculation of target refractive outcomes for intraocular lenses, with no clinically relevant differences.
Endovascular Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Secondary to Venous Stenosis
Authors: Haas Leandro José , Severino Wesley , Wandall Guilherme , Mees Wallace , Scheidt Gabriela , Przysiezny Bernardo , Zimmermann Amanda , Staedele Guilherme , Sabel Bruno Rafael , Martins Júlia , Hessmann Julia Dumes
Published: December 2024

Introduction Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition characterized by signs and symptoms of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Although the role of venous sinus stenosis in the pathophysiology of IIH is controversial, venous angioplasty with stenting has been proven to decrease cerebral venous pressure and intracranial pressure. This study aims to identify and quantify the clinical improvement obtained by patients with IIH, refractory to prior pharmacological treatment, undergoing endovascular venous angioplasty in a neuroendovascular reference service.

Methods A retrospective analytical study of 25 cases of IIH with transverse sinus stenosis operated on in a reference service using the endovascular method, in which clinical data from medical records and information about the procedure were analyzed.

Results Of the 25 patients, 22 were women, and the mean age was 42 years. All patients were refractory to prior clinical treatment. At the clinical presentation, all had headaches. There were no complications or failures from the procedures performed. In the 30-day evaluation, there was a significant decrease in all the symptoms reported.

Conclusion Venous sinus stenting is safe and effective in patients with IIH with transverse sinus stenosis refractory to clinical treatment, with substantial symptomatic improvement and good evolution in the postoperative follow-up period.