bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS KELAS IV MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE ROLE PLAYING BERBANTUAN BONEKA WAYANG
Authors: Wijayanti Raditya Esthi , Kristin Firosalia , Anugraheni Indri
Published: May 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Role Playing berbantuan media boneka wayang dalam meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar, mengetahui adanya peningkatan aktivitas belajar, dan peningkatan hasil belajar mata pelajaran IPS melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Role Playing berbantuan media boneka  wayang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang telah dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Pada setiap siklus melalui 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Patemon 01 dengan subjek penelitian peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri Patemon 01 dengan jumlah 26 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, kualitatif dan komparatif pada siklus 1 dan siklus 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Role Playing berbantuan media boneka wayang yaitu pengaturan tempat duduk menjadi bentuk huruf U, pembagian kelompok bermain peran, memberikan skenario cerita dan menyusun boneka wayang, dan kegiatan bermain peran dengan menggunakan boneka wayang serta mengevaluasi kegiatan bermain peran yang sudah dilakukan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar IPS pada pembelajaran tematik pserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri Patemon 01. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dari perolehan hasil aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar IPS yaitu pada aktivitas tindakan pra siklus dengan rata-rata 44,46  memiliki kategori cukup, siklus 1 dengan rata-rata 58,11 memiliki kategori cukup dan siklus 2 dengan rata-rata 80,30 memiliki  kategori sangat baik. Mengalami peningkatan aktivitas belajar pada pra siklus ke siklus 1 sebesar 13,65 dan pada siklus 1 ke siklus 2 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 22,19. Adanya peningkatan aktivitas belajar berpengaruh pada hasil belajar terbukti dari perolehan hasil tindakan pra siklus mencapai rata-rata 59,34 menjadi 67,84 pada siklus 1 dan peningkatan pada siklus 2 menjadi 73,26. Terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar pada tindakan pra siklus ke siklus 1 sebesar 5,42%, dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus 1 ke siklus 2 sebesar 8,50%.
PENGARUH KONDISI SOSIAL EKONOMI ORANG TUA TERHADAP KESIAPAN KERJA SISWA SMK KEAHLIAN TEKNIK KOMPUTER DAN JARINGAN SE-KOTA SINTANG
Authors: Huda Fatkhan Amirul , Thoharuddin Munawar , Sore Avelius Dominggus
Published: May 2019

Era persaingan global ditandai dengan persaingan mutu. Upaya mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas ditempuh dengan proses pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengkaji tentang pengaruh kondisi sosial ekonomi orang tua terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa smk keahlian teknik komputer dan jaringan se-kota sintang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian seluruh SMK yang memiliki program keahlian teknik komputer dan jaringan di kota Sintang yang berjumlah 5 Sekolah. jumlah sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 99 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi sederhana. Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara variabel kondisi sosial ekonomi orang tua terhadap variabel kesiapan kerja. Nilai t hitung negatif hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa dapat diartikan bahwa jika konsisi sosial ekonomi orang tua baik atau berpenghasilan diatas rata-rata orang tua cenderung menginginkan anaknya untuk melanjutkan studi ke jenjang selanjutnya atau kuliah.
DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL E QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE PROTEÍNAS DO MILHO APÓS INOCULAÇÃO COM NOVAS ESTIRPES DE Azospirillum brasilense
Authors: Galeano Rodrigo Mattos Silva , Campelo Analice Paula de Souza , Mackert Aline , Brasil Marivaine Da Silva
Published: May 2019

O uso indiscriminado de fertilizantes nitrogenados na cultura do milho ocasiona poluição ambiental. A fixação biológica do nitrogênio (FBN) é uma alternativa para a redução desses químicos em campo. Bactérias do gênero Azospirillum estão entre as mais importantes envolvidas na FBN em gramíneas. Portanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a germinação e o desenvolvimento inicial, bem como quantificar as proteínas totais do milho após a inoculação com diferentes estirpes de Azospirillum brasilense isoladas de gramíneas do Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense. O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições de 50 sementes para os seguintes tratamentos: testemunha sem inoculação; inoculação com estirpes MAY1, MAY12 e BR-11001; e inoculante comercial contendo as estirpes AbV5 e AbV6. Os parâmetros avaliados foram germinação de sementes, primeira contagem de germinação, massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes de plântulas e proteínas totais das folhas. A inoculação não influenciou significativamente na germinação. A massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes foi maior com inoculação de MAY12 e inoculante comercial. Resultados na quantificação de proteína mostraram que sementes inoculadas com MAY12 (3628 µg mL-1) possuem maiores concentrações de proteínas totais. Portanto, a inoculação com MAY12 proporcionou efeitos positivos de incremento de massa seca e proteínas totais.
Evaluating the genetic variability of rubber hybrid progenies of the two crosses PB260 x RO44/71 and PB260 x RO62/54 by RAPD technique
Authors: Nguyen Thien Minh , Pham Tien Thi My
Published: May 2019

The agronomic values of this population have been evaluated in the field experiments based on their phenotypic performance of agronomic traits, but the genetic variability of this population needs to be evaluated via techniques based on genetic material - DNA. In this study, the genetic variability in the investigated population of 71 hybrids and their parents was evaluated by RAPD technique, using eight selected arbitrarily primers; Genetic parameters and dendrogram expressing the genetic relationships among the investigated population were analyzed by GenALEx 6.1, Popgene 1.31 and NTSYSpc 2.1 softwares. Eight primers were used to generate the amplify products on each individual in the investigated population. From 74 genotypes, a total of 109 fragments were generated, among which, there were 89 polymorphic bands representing 81.65% with an average of 11 polymorphic bands/primer. Genetic similarity coefficient among the investigated population, based on DICE coefficient, ranged from 0.560 (LH05/0822 and PB260) to 0.991 (LH05/0781 and LH05/0841) with an average of 0,796, meaning that the genetic distance among ranged from 0.009 to 0.440 with an average of 0.231. The Shannon index and mean heterozygosity values were 0.328 and 0,176, respectively. This indicated that the progenies of the two investigated crosses possessed a relatively high range of genetic variability. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation within population represented 62%, while genetic variation among two different crosses contributes 38% to the total genetic variability. Dendrogram based on DICE’s genetic similarity using UPGMA method showed that the hybrids divide into two major genetic groups (0.75), but the crosses were scattered independently of the hybrid.
Studio di validazione dell’emPHasis-10 per la popolazione italiana
Authors: Surace Antonella , Torre Roberto , Di Simone Emanuele , Dionisi Sara , Giannetta Noemi , Di Muzio Marco
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) have a severely impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The emPHasis-10, a disease-specific HRQoL instrument for PH, has recently been developed and validated. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the translated version of emPHasis-10 in the Italian language. Materials and Methods: The Italian version of the emPHasis-10 scale was sent by post to a group of 100 PH Italian patients recruited from the Associazione Malati di Ipertensione Polmonare (AMIP). Together with the emPHasis-10 two HRQoL validated scales were also sent: the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) and the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). A written Informed Consent was sent with the questionnaires for explicit approval. 70 patients completed the three questionnaires in two occasions seven days apart, the first at T0 and the second at T1, and sent back by post with the signed informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical software SPSS version 24. Results: Data showed that the scale has an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha> 0.9) comparable with the values of the original version, and a significant reproducibility (p <0.01) evaluated by comparing the T0 and T1 compilations. The scale correlated with the SF-36 and NHP scales demonstrating a good convergent validity. Discussion: The Italian version of the emPHasis-10 has been shown to be valid and reliable in the Italian population and can be recommended for use in clinical practice.
Valutazione dei bisogni dei genitori di soggetti affetti da Disturbi Alimentari e l’efficacia dell’home treatment (HT): revisione narrativa della letteratura
Authors: Calabrò Antonino , Beduglio Sara , Lupo Roberto , Bardone Lorenzo
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Eating Disorders (ED) represent a constantly growing public health problem in industrialised countries. The family of those subjects affected by DAs appears to be marginally included in therapeutic programs, with possible damage to care process Objective/Purpose: Evaluate the care needs of parents of subjects with DA and the effectiveness of home treatment (HT) aimed at young people suffering from Food Behavior Disorder. Method: narrative review of the literature conducted through a method of systematic research of evidence and qualitative synthesis of results, conducted through the electronic databases of Medline, CINAHL and Embase. Results: from the selected studies we can deduce the main needs identified by the families of subjects suffering from AD in HT. Conclusions: the research confirms the existence of situations in which the family needs support and education in the management of children with DA, this support must be guaranteed by a multidisciplinary team. The nurse could support the whole process by adapting his / her skills to the specific context.
TO OBSERVE THE CHANGES IN VENTILATORY FUNCTIONS DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN FEMALES OF 17 TO 21 YEARS OF AGE
Authors: Singh Dr. M. P. , Kumar Dr. Ashok , Jain Dr. Manila
Published: May 2019

Background: This study was carried out to see the effects of height, weight, age sex, body surface area and different phases of menstrual cycle (in females) on Ventilatory Functions in young adults of both sexes of 17-22 years of age at Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas, (M.P.).

In female subjects most Lung Function values were higher in their luteal phase in comparison with follicular phase.  Difference in FEV.5, PEFR, FEF25% and MVV were statistically significant.

Keywords: Ventilatory, Mestrual, Female
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AST: ALT RATIO IN LIVER DISEASES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN BAREILLY
Authors: Anand Dr. Ajaya Kumar , Singh Dr. Govind
Published: May 2019

Background: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the enzymes predominantly found in the hepatocytes, exhibit specific elevations in serum levels in different liver diseases. The ratios of their serum levels (AST: ALT ratio or De Ritis ratio) also exhibit specific patterns providing important diagnostic clues. The objective of the study is to establish the diagnostic utility of the AST: ALT ratio in liver diseases.

Material and methods: The present study was conducted to measure the serum levels of these enzymes from the blood samples collected from a total of 60 patients with diagnosis of Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH, n= 18), Viral Hepatitis (VH, n= 18), Obstructive Jaundice (OJ, n= 06) and Chronic Hepatitis (CH, n= 18) to calculate their ratio as Mean ± SD, separately in each disease group. 24 normal healthy individuals were studied as control group. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 17.0) software and ‘p’ values were elicited using student-‘t’ test.

Results: An AST: ALT ratio of 2.005±0.833, 0.648±0.228, 0.865±0.147 and 1.314±0.305 was observed in AH, VH, OJ and CH respectively. Control group showed a mean AST: ALT ratio of 1.001±0.158. A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed when each case group was compared with control except OJ vs Control where the ‘p’ value was observed >0.05.  A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed when comparison was done between any two of the disease groups.

Conclusion: AST: ALT ratio can be useful in differentiating the liver diseases.

Key words: AST:ALT ratio, De Ritis ratio, Alcoholic Hepatitis, Viral Hepatitis, Obstructive Jaundice and  Chronic Hepatitis.
TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PLATELET RICH PLASMA (PRP) IN THE TREATMENT OF ACNE SCARRING IN DIFFERENT SKIN PHOTOTYPES
Authors: Meena Manish Kumar , Meena Deepika , Kachhawa Dilip , Mehta R D
Published: May 2019

Background: Post acne scarring is a consequence of abnormal resolution or wound healing following the damage that occurs in the sebaceous follicle during acne inflammation

Methods: Interventional split face comparative prospective study was conduct at Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, S N Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jodhpur.

Results: After one month of 3rd treatment session, 84% patients stated that they were satisfied or very satisfied on the platelet-rich plasma side, while 7% patients stated this about the normal saline side (P = 0.18).The platelet-rich plasma side was found to have a better response than the control side and participants were more satisfied with the platelet-rich plasma side than the control side.

Conclusion: In conclusion, PRP alone provides better overall clinical improvement. We suggest that PRP should be considered as a monotherapy therapeutic option in the management of acne scars.

Keywords: PRP, Scar, Acne
Whole-Genome DNA Methylation Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Different Disease Courses
Authors: Kulakova O. G. , Kabilov M. R. , Danilova L. V. , Popova E. V. , Baturina O. A. , Tsareva E. Yu. , Baulina N. M. , Kiselev I. S. , Boyko A. N. , Favorov A. V. , Favorova O. O. , Vlassov V. V.
Published: May 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease of polygenic etiology affecting the central nervous system. In addition to genetic factors, epigenetic mechanisms, primarily DNA methylation, which regulate gene expression, play an important role in MS development and progression. In this study, we have performed the first whole-genome DNA methylation profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and primary-progressive MS (PPMS) patients and compared them to those of healthy individuals in order to identify the differentially methylated CpG-sites (DMSs) associated with these common clinical disease courses. In addition, we have performed a pairwise comparison of DNA methylation profiles in RRMS and PPMS patients. All three pairwise comparisons showed significant differences in methylation profiles. Hierarchical clustering of the identified DMS methylation levels and principal component analysis for data visualization demonstrated a clearly defined aggregation of DNA samples of the compared groups into separate clusters. Compared with the control, more DMSs were identified in PPMS patients than in RRMS patients (67 and 30, respectively). More than half of DMSs are located in genes, exceeding the expected number for random distribution of DMSs between probes. RRMS patients mostly have hypomethylated DMSs, while in PPMS patients DMSs are mostly hypermethylated. CpG-islands and CpG-shores contain 60% of DMSs, identified by pairwise comparison of RRMS and control groups, and 79% of those identified by pairwise comparison of PPMS and control groups. Pairwise comparison of patients with two clinical MS courses revealed 51 DMSs, 82% of which are hypermethylated in PPMS. Overall, it was demonstrated that there are more changes in the DNA methylation profiles in PPMS than in RRMS. The data confirm the role of DNA methylation in MS development. We have shown, for the first time, that DNA methylation as an epigenetic mechanism is involved in the formation of two distinct clinical courses of MS: namely, RRMS and PPMS.
Identification of New Structural Fragments for the Design of Lactate Dehydrogenase A Inhibitors
Authors: Nilov D. K. , Kulikov A. V. , Prokhorova E. A. , Švedas V. K.
Published: May 2019

Human lactate dehydrogenase A plays an important role in the glucose metabolism of tumor cells and constitutes an attractive target for chemotherapy. Molecular fragments able to bind in the active site of this enzyme and form hydrogen bonds with the Arg168 guanidinium group, as well as additional interactions with the loop 96-111 in the closed conformation, have been identified by virtual screening of sulfonates and experimental testing of their inhibitory effect. The sulfo group can occupy a similar position as the carboxyl group of the substrate and its structural analogs, whereas the benzothiazole group attached via a linker can be located in the coenzyme (NADH) binding site. Thus, the value of merging individual structural elements of the inhibitor by a linker was demonstrated and ways of further structural modification for the design of more effective inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase A were established.
Analysis of the Domains of Hepatitis C Virus Core and NS5A Proteins that Activate the Nrf2/ARE Cascade
Authors: Smirnova O. A. , Ivanova O. N. , Mukhtarov F. Sh. , Tunitskaya V. L. , Jansons J. , Isaguliants M. G. , Kochetkov S. N. , Ivanov A. V.
Published: May 2019

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) triggers a chronic disease that is often accompanied by a spectrum of liver pathologies and metabolic alterations. The oxidative stress that occurs in the infected cells is considered as one of the mechanisms of HCV pathogenesis. It is induced by the viral core and NS5A proteins. It is already known that both of these proteins activate the antioxidant defense system controlled by the Nrf2 transcription factor. Here, we show that this activation is mediated by domain 1 of the NS5A protein and two fragments of the core protein. In both cases, this activation is achieved through two mechanisms. One of them is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein kinase C, whereas the other is triggered through ROS-independent activation of casein kinase 2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. In the case of the HCV core, the ROS-dependent mechanism was assigned to the 37-191 a.a. fragment, while the ROS-independent mechanism was assigned to the 1-36 а.a. fragment. Such assignment of the mechanisms to different domains is the first evidence of their independence. In addition, our data revealed that intracellular localization of HCV proteins has no impact on the regulation of the antioxidant defense system.
Minibactenecins ChBac7.Nα and ChBac7. Nβ - Antimicrobial Peptides from Leukocytes of the Goat Capra hircus.
Authors: Shamova O. V. , Orlov D. S. , Zharkova M. S. , Balandin S. V. , Yamschikova E. V. , Knappe D. , Hoffmann R. , Kokryakov V. N. , Ovchinnikova T. V.
Published: May 2019

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of neutrophils play an important role in the animal and human host defenses. We have isolated two AMPs (average molecular masses of 2895.5 and 2739.3 Da), with potent antimicrobial activity from neutrophils of the domestic goat (Capra hircus). A structural analysis of the obtained peptides revealed that they encompass N-terminal fragments (1-21 and 1-22) of the proline-rich peptide bactenecin 7.5. The primary structure of caprine bactenecin 7.5 had been previously deduced from the nucleotide sequence, but the corresponding protein had not been isolated from leukocytes until now. The obtained caprine AMPs were designated as mini-batenecins (mini-ChBac7.5N and mini-ChBac7.5N), analogously to the reported C-terminal fragment of the ovine bactenecin 7.5 named Bac7.5mini [Anderson, Yu, 2003]. Caprine mini-ChBac7.5N and mini-ChBac7.5N exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including drug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter baumannii at a range of concentrations of 0.5-4 M, as well as against some species of Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes EGD, Micrococcus luteus). The eptides demonstrate lipopolysaccharide-binding activity. Similarly to most proline-rich AMPs, caprine peptides inactivate bacteria without appreciable damage of their membranes. Mini-ChBac7.5N and mini-ChBac7.5N have no hemolytic effect on human red blood cells and are nontoxic to various cultured human cells. Therefore, they might be considered as promising templates for the development of novel antibiotic pharmaceuticals. Isolation of highly active fragments of the antimicrobial peptide from goat neutrophils supports the hypothesis that fragmentation of cathelicidin-related AMPs is an important process that results in the generation of potent effector molecules, which are in some cases more active than full-size AMPs. These truncated AMPs may play a crucial role in host defense reactions.
Hyaluronic Acid in Vascular and Immune Homeostasis during Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia
Authors: Ziganshina M. M. , Pavlovich S. V. , Bovin N. V. , Sukhikh G. T.
Published: May 2019

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem pathologic state that clinically manifests itself after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is characterized by high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. According to modern concepts, the impairment of trophoblast invasion into maternal spiral arteries, leading to the development of ischemia in placenta, is considered to be the major pathogenetic factor of PE development. Ischemic lesions initiate the development of a systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and endothelial dysfunction, which is the main cause of the multiple organ failure in PE. Some data has appear indicating the importance of a glycans-forming endothelial glycocalyx and extracellular matrix (ECM) for placenta morphogenesis, as well as their role in the regulation of vascular permeability and vascular tone in hypertension disorders and, in particular, PE. Since intact glycocalyx and ECM are considered to be the major factors that maintain the physiological vascular tone and adequate intercellular interactions, their value in PE pathogenesis is underestimated. This review is focused on hyaluronic acid (HA) as the key glycan providing the organization and stabilization of the ECM and glycocalyx, its distribution in tissues in the case of presence or absence of placental pathology, as well as on the regulatory function of hyaluronic acids of various molecular weights in different physiological and pathophysiological processes. The summarized data will provide a better understanding of the PE pathogenesis, with the main focus on glycopathology.
Ex Vivo Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Umbilical Cord Blood
Authors: Sotnezova E. V. , Andreeva E. R. , Grigoriev A. I. , Buravkova L. B.
Published: May 2019

Transplantation of umbilical cord blood cells is currently widely used in modern cell therapy. However, the limited number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and prolonged time of recovery after the transplantation are significant limitations in the use of cord blood. Ex vivo expansion with various cytokine combinations is one of the most common approaches for increasing the number of HSPCs from one cord blood unit. In addition, there are protocols that enable ex vivo amplification of cord blood cells based on native hematopoietic microenvironmental cues, including stromal components and the tissue-relevant oxygen level. The newest techniques for ex vivo expansion of HSPCs are based on data from the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing the hematopoietic niche function. Application of these methods has provided an improvement of several important clinical outcomes. Alternative methods of cord blood transplantation enhancement based on optimization of HPSC homing and engraftment in patient tissues have also been successful. The goal of the present review is to analyze recent methodological approaches to cord blood HSPC ex vivo amplification.
Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrateco-3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate) by Strain Azotobacter chroococcum 7B
Authors: Bonartsev A. P. , Bonartseva G. A. , Myshkina V. L. , Voinova V. V. , Mahina T. K. , Zharkova I. I. , Yakovlev S. G. , Zernov A. L. , Ivanova E. V. , Akoulina E. A. , Kuznetsova E. S. , Zhuikov V. A. , Alekseeva S. G. , Podgorskii V. V. , Bessonov I. V. , Kopitsyna M. N. , Morozov A. S. , Milanovskiy E. Y. , Tyugay Z. N. , Bykova G. S. , Kirpichnikov M. P. , Shaitan K. V.
Published: May 2019

Production of novel polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications, and biomaterials based on them is a promising trend in modern bioengineering. We studied the ability of an effective strain-producer Azotobacter chroococcum 7B to synthesize not only poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) homopolymer (PHB) and its main copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), but also a novel copolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate) (PHB4MV). For the biosynthesis of PHB copolymers, we used carboxylic acids as additional carbon sources and monomer precursors in the chain of synthesized copolymers. The main parameters of these polymers biosynthesis were determined: strain-producer biomass yield, polymer yield, molecular weight and monomer composition of the synthesized polymers, as well as the morphology of A. chroococcum 7B bacterial cells. The physico-chemical properties of the polymers were studied using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), contact angle test, and other methods. In vitro biocompatibility of the obtained polymers was investigated using stromal cells isolated from the bone marrow of rats with the XTT cell viability test. The synthesis of the novel copolymer PHB4MV and its chemical composition were demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy: the addition of 4-methylvaleric acid to the culture medium resulted in incorporation of 3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate (3H4MV) monomers into the PHB polymer chain (0.6 mol%). Despite the low molar content of 3H4MV in the obtained copolymer, its physico-chemical properties were significantly different from those of the PHB homopolymer: it has lower crystallinity and a higher contact angle, i.e. the physico-chemical properties of the PHB4MV copolymer containing only 0.6 mol% of 3H4MV corresponded to a PHBV copolymer with a molar content ranging from 2.5% to 7.8%. In vitro biocompatibility of the obtained PHB4MV copolymer, measured in the XTT test, was not statistically different from the cell growth of PHB and PHBV polymers, which make its use possible in biomedical research and development.
Cleavage of Human Embryos: Options and Diversity
Authors: Doronin Yu. K. , Senechkin I. V. , Hilkevich L. V. , Kurcer M. A.
Published: May 2019

In order to estimate the diversity of embryo cleavage relatives to embryo progress (blastocyst formation), time-lapse imaging data of preimplantation human embryo development were used. This retrospective study is focused on the topographic features and time parameters of the cleavages, with particular emphasis on the lengths of cleavage cycles and the genealogy of blastomeres in 2- to 8-cell human embryos. We have found that all 4-cell human embryos have four developmental variants that are based on the sequence of appearance and orientation of cleavage planes during embryo cleavage from 2 to 4 blastomeres. Each variant of cleavage shows a strong correlation with further developmental dynamics of the embryos (different cleavage cycle characteristics as well as lengths of blastomere cycles). An analysis of the sequence of human blastomere divisions allowed us to postulate that the effects of zygotic determinants are eliminated as a result of cleavage, and that, thereafter, blastomeres acquire the ability of own syntheses, regulation, polarization, formation of functional contacts, and, finally, of specific differentiation. This data on the early development of human embryos obtained using noninvasive methods complements and extend our understanding of the embryogenesis of eutherian mammals and may be applied in the practice of reproductive technologies.
ZAD-Domain Is Essential for Nuclear Localization of Insulator Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zolotarev N. A. , Maksimenko O. G. , Georgiev P. G. , Bonchuk A. N.
Published: May 2019

Many arthropod zinc-finger transcription factors contain a N-terminal domain called ZAD (Zinc-finger Associated Domain), which consists of four cysteines coordinating a single zinc ion. Dimerization ability has been shown for several ZAD-domains. The functional role of this domain is poorly understood. In this paper, we demonstrate that a point mutation within the ZAD-domain of the Zw5 insulator protein disrupts its nuclear localization without affecting its dimerization ability. The importance of the ZAD-domain for nuclear localization has also been shown for the Pita and Grauzone proteins. Therefore, one of the ZAD-domain functions is control of the nuclear localization of transcription factors.
Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Taranov O. S. , Yakubitskiy S. N. , Nepomnyashchikh T. S. , Nesterov A. E. , Shchelkunov S. N.
Published: May 2019

We propose a model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced in outbred guinea pigs using a single subcutaneous injection of complete Freunds adjuvant to the hind paw. Histological examination of this model shows fibrin deposition on the surface of the synovial membrane, leukocyte infiltration of the synovial membrane and adjacent tissues, proliferation of the granulation tissue, and emergence of angioid areas, characteristic of RA. The cell response appears as an increase in the plasma cell count and development of follicle-like lymphoid infiltrates; erosion of the articular surface of the cartilage, frequently with deep cartilage destruction over large areas; and epiphysiopathy. The high reproducibility of arthritis induction in this RA model has been demonstrated. The proposed model is promising for the assessment of anti-arthritis preparations and dosage regimens.
Flavoprotein miniSOG Cytotoxisity Can Be Induced By Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Shramova E. I. , Proshkina G. M. , Chumakov S. P. , Khodarovich Yu. M. , Deyev S. M.
Published: May 2019

In this study, we investigated the possibility of phototoxic flavoprotein miniSOG (photosensitizer) excitation in cancer cells by bioluminescence occurring when luciferase NanoLuc oxidizes its substrate, furimazine. We have shown that the phototoxic flavoprotein miniSOG expressed in eukaryotic cells in fusion with NanoLuc luciferase is activated in the presence of its substrate, furimazine. Upon such condition, miniSOG possesses photoinduced cytotoxicity and causes a 48% cell death level in a stably transfected cell line.
Peculiarities of Yeasts and Human Telomerase RNAs Processing
Authors: Rubtsova M. P. , Vasilkova D. P. , Naraykina Yu. V. , Dontsova O. A.
Published: May 2019

Telomerase is one of the major components of the telomeres -- linear eukaryotic chromosome ends - maintenance system. Linear chromosomes are shortened during each cell division due to the removal of the primer used for DNA replication. Special repeated telomere sequences at the very ends of linear chromosomes prevent the deletion of genome information caused by primer removal. Telomeres are shortened at each replication round until it becomes critically short and is no longer able to protect the chromosome in somatic cells. At this stage, a cell undergoes a crisis and usually dies. Rare cases result in telomerase activation, and the cell gains unlimited proliferative capacity. Special types of cells, such as stem, germ, embryonic cells and cells from tissues with a high proliferative potential, maintain their telomerase activity indefinitely. The telomerase is inactive in the majority of somatic cells. Telomerase activity in vitro requires two key components: telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA. In cancer cells, telomerase reactivates due to the expression of the reverse transcriptase gene. Telomerase RNA expresses constitutively in the majority of human cells. This fact suggests that there are alternative functions to telomerase RNA that are unknown at the moment. In this manuscript, we review the biogenesis of yeasts and human telomerase RNAs thanks to breakthroughs achieved in research on telomerase RNA processing by different yeasts species and humans in the last several years.
Therapy of HIV Infection: Current Approaches and Prospects
Authors: Prokofjeva M. M. , Kochetkov S. N. , Prassolov V. S.
Published: May 2019

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of one of the most dangerous human diseases - the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Over the past 30 years since the discovery of HIV-1, a number of antiviral drugs have been developed to suppress various stages of the HIV-1 life cycle. This approach has enables the suppression of virus replication in the body, which significantly prolongs the life of HIV patients. The main downside of the method is the development of viral resistance to many anti-HIV drugs, which requires the creation of new drugs effective against drug-resistant viral forms. Currently, several fundamentally new approaches to HIV-1 treatment are under development, including the use of neutralizing antibodies, genome editing, and blocking an integrated latent provirus. This review describes a traditional approach involving HIV-1 inhibitors as well as the prospects of other treatment options.
From Slow to Fast: Hypogravity-Induced Remodeling of Muscle Fiber Myosin Phenotype
Authors: Shenkman B. S.
Published: May 2019

Skeletal muscle consists of different fiber types arranged in a mosaic pattern. These fiber types are characterized by specific functional properties. Slow-type fibers demonstrate a high level of fatigue resistance and prolonged contraction duration, but decreased maximum contraction force and velocity. Fast-type fibers demonstrate a high contraction force and velocity, but profound fatigability. During the last decades, it has been discovered that all these properties are determined by the predominance of slow or fast myosin-heavy-chain (MyHC) isoforms. It was observed that gravitational unloading during space missions and simulated microgravity in ground-based experiments leads to the transformation of some slow-twitch muscle fibers into fast-twitch ones due to changes in the patterns of MyHC gene expression in the postural soleus muscle. The present review covers the facts and mechanistic speculations regarding myosin phenotype remodeling under conditions of gravitational unloading. The review considers the neuronal mechanisms of muscle fiber control and molecular mechanisms of regulation of myosin gene expression, such as inhibition of the calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling pathway, epigenomic changes, and the behavior of specific microRNAs. In the final portion of the review, we discuss the adaptive role of myosin phenotype transformations.
The Role of BAR Domain Proteins in the Regulation of Membrane Dynamics
Authors: Stanishneva-Konovalova T. B. , Derkacheva N. I , Polevova S. V. , Sokolova O. S.
Published: May 2019

Many cellular processes are associated with membrane remodeling. The BAR domain protein family plays a key role in the formation and detection of local membrane curvatures and in attracting other proteins, including the regulators of actin dynamics. Based on their structural and phylogenetic properties, BAR domains are divided into several groups which affect membrane in various ways and perform different functions in cells. However, recent studies have uncovered evidence of functional differences even within the same group. This review discusses the principles underlying the interactions of different groups of BAR domains, and their individual representatives, with membranes.
Design of Stable α-Helical Peptides and Thermostable Proteins in Biotechnology and Biomedicine
Authors: Yakimov A. P. , Afanaseva A. S. , Khodorkovskiy M. A. , Petukhov M. G
Published: May 2019

-Heliсes are the most frequently occurring elements of the secondary structure in water-soluble globular proteins. Their increased conformational stability is among the main reasons for the high thermal stability of proteins in thermophilic bacteria. In addition, -helices are often involved in protein interactions with other proteins, nucleic acids, and the lipids of cell membranes. That is why the highly stable -helical peptides used as highly active and specific inhibitors of protein-protein and other interactions have recently found more applications in medicine. Several different approaches have been developed in recent years to improve the conformational stability of -helical peptides and thermostable proteins, which will be discussed in this review. We also discuss the methods for improving the permeability of peptides and proteins across cellular membranes and their resistance to intracellular protease activity. Special attention is given to the SEQOPT method (http://mml.spbstu.ru/services/seqopt/), which is used to design conformationally stable short -helices.
A Cascade of Thermophilic Enzymes As an Approach to the Synthesis of Modified Nucleotides
Authors: Esipov R. S. , Abramchik Yu. A. , Fateev I. V. , Konstantinova I. D. , Kostromina M. A. , Muravyova T. I. , Artemova K. G. , Miroshnikov A. I.
Published: May 2019

We propose a new approach for the synthesis of biologically important nucleotides which includes a multi-enzymatic cascade conversion of D-pentoses into purine nucleotides. The approach exploits nucleic acid exchange enzymes from thermophilic microorganisms: ribokinase, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase, and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. We cloned the ribokinase gene from Thermus sp. 2.9, as well as two different genes of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRPP-synthetase) and the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APR-transferase) gene from Thermus thermophilus HB27 into expression vectors, generated high-yield E. coli producer strains, developed methods for the purification of the enzymes, and investigated enzyme substrate specificity. The enzymes were used for the conversion of D-pentoses into 5-phosphates that were further converted into 5-phospho--D-pentofuranose 1-pyrophosphates by means of ribokinase and PRPP-synthetases. Target nucleotides were obtained through the condensation of the pyrophosphates with adenine and its derivatives in a reaction catalyzed by APR-transferase. 2-Chloro- and 2-fluoroadenosine monophosphates were synthesized from D-ribose and appropriate heterobases in one pot using a system of thermophilic enzymes in the presence of ATP, ribokinase, PRPP-synthetase, and APR-transferase.
Agreement, Adjustment and Satisfaction of Wives with Husbands’ Participation During Pregnancy: Causality Network Analysis
Authors: RasouIi Javad , Farrokh-Eslamlou Hamidreza , Amirzadeh- Iranagh Jamileh , Monazzami Farzaneh
Published: May 2019

This research project aims to study three aspects namely, Wives’ agreement, satisfaction and adjustment and focuses on the background factors affecting this phase in women’s life. In this analytical cross-sectional study, there were 340 pregnant participants who had referred to health centers in three districts in the city of Urmia, Iran. The questionnaire was used to collect data. Then SPSS (version 19) and Mplus 5 statistical tools were used to obtain association of variables. Significance level was 0.05. Women’s satisfaction with husbands’ participation during pregnancy was positively affected by the last pregnancy age: (βt=0.892(, husbands’ education: (βt =0.144), mother’s ethnicity: (βt=0.183), and wanted pregnancy: (βt=0.278), but it was negatively affected by sufficiency of income: (βt=-0.164) and husbands’ support to the wives at hospital: (βt=-0.160). The agreement parameter had a direct significant relationship with wives’ satisfaction with husbands’ participation during pregnancy and so did agreement parameter along with adjustment. Among the effective variables in these three dimensions, the variable of mother’s education was the only effective common variable. It can be concluded that the higher rate of satisfaction relates to educated women and as agreement increases, the general health of the spouses and improvement in their married life take place.
TRAKYA’DA DOĞAL BİTKİ ÖRTÜSÜ VE VEJETASYON ÇALIŞMALARI KONUSUNDA KISA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: ÖZALP İpek
Published: May 2019

Trakya’da doğal bitki örtüsü ve vejetasyon
yapısına dair çalışmalar çeşitli dönemlerde farklı araştırmacılar tarafından yapılarak
bölgenin doğal örtüsünün yapısına ışık tutulmuştur. Sahanın önemli morfolojik
yapılarından biri olan dağlık kütleler ve bunların barındırdığı bitki örtüsünün
içeriği, bölgede görülen iklim özelliklerinin bitki örtüsünün şekillenmesindeki
katkısı yapılan çalışmaların konusunu oluşturmuştur. Bölgenin kuzeyi
Avrupa-Sibirya flora bölgesinin içinde kalırken güneyde yer alan alanlar daha
çok Akdeniz flora bölgesinin etkilerinin görüldüğü yerlerdir. Ergene havzasının
bulunduğu iç kısımlar doğal step alanı olarak bazı araştırmacılar tarafından
belirtilse de aldığı yağış miktarı açısından bu özelliği yansıtmadığı bu
görüntünün insan tahribatı neticesinde ortaya çıktığı belirtilmiştir.
خاور احمد کی غزلیہ شاعری میں محبت کا تصور :‘‘منظر میرے دریچوں سے’’کے تناظر میں
Authors: Khan Amjad d
Published: May 2019

Khawar Ahmad started his poetic career in 1970’s and has published four books based on his poetic works So far. Like many poets, the basic theme of his poetry is ‘love’ and emotions related to it. Khawar’s uniqueness however, is that he discusses new aspects of a commonplace theme like ‘love’. In this article, it has been tried to bring new aspects of love as discussed by Khawar in his first poetic work.
اصلاح نسواں اور تعلیم نسواں میں خواتین مضامین نگار کا کردادار: ایک اجمالی جائزہ
Authors: Iqbal Farzana
Published: May 2019

The tradition and history of literary Urdu essays set about from Ali Garh, and Sir Syed stands the first Urdu essays writer. But it is an unforgettable fact that Master Raam did a lot in this genre before Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’s work. Be that as it may, after the issuance of Tehzeeb ul Akhlaq in the last decade of the nineteenth century, women started writing essays to help bring about reforms and change the social status of women. In this research paper, the researcher has analyzed the work and contributions of women in the tradition of Urdu essays.
تصوراتِ علامہ اقبال: تشریحات ڈاکٹر جاوید اقبال کی روشنی میں
Authors: Akhtar Firdous
Published: May 2019

Dr. Javed Iqbal, beloved son of Allama Iqbal, spent his life endeavors to understand, comprehend and connote the wisdom and philosophy of great Allama Iqbal. Whenever he was cordially invited to attend seminars on Iqbal, he gracefully accepted the invitation and accomplished the task of interpretation of Iqbal's vision. Because in Pakistan, Iqbal has always been studied under the limited perspective of religious dogmas. Whereas Dr. Javed's point of Iqbal and Iqbaliat has always been different to such extent that many other critics of Iqbal would hardly agree with him. Despite his stand alone posture on Iqbal. Dr. Javed always strived hard in his every speech and piece of literature to liberate Iqbal from this closed circle of theology. This is the view point which has been discussed in this article.
Mitigating the Challenges of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria
Authors: Gumel Babandi Ibrahim
Published: May 2019

Purpose- The purpose of the paper is to provide owners and managers of small businesses with necessary information about the challenges facing small businesses in Nigeria and present the possible tools, policies, and strategies to mitigate them. Design/Methodology- Using the multi-case qualitative study, managers of successful small businesses narrated in an interview the tools, policies, and strategies they used to mitigate the identified challenges. The study answered the central question: what are the tools, policies, and strategies used by managers of successful small businesses to mitigate the challenges facing their firms? Findings- The findings identified continuous government intervention and support to small businesses as a major tool that reduced the challenges facing the sector. Practical Implications- The information found in this study can be used by small business managers to mitigate the challenges facing small businesses and reduce their massive failure in the economy. Mitigating the challenges facing small businesses in Nigeria will increase the number of successful small businesses, which will result in the reduced unemployment rate in the economy. A reduced unemployment rate in the Nigerian economy will increase the wellbeing of citizens, thereby reducing the unemployment rate in the economy.
Validation of neurotoxicological screening methods for chemical substances using reference compounds with differently directed effects on the nervous system
Authors: Zinovieva M.L. , Zhminko P.G. , Kirsenko V.V. , Strumenska E.N.
Published: May 2019

Validation of the methods at the stage of their implementation and with subsequent application is an important part of ensuring the quality of toxicological study data State Enterprise “Scientific Center for Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety named after Academician L. I. Medved of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” has implemented methods of screening of neurotoxic exposure of chemical substances — a set of clinical and functional tests (CFT) and a method for evaluation of motor activity in the “open field” for rats.

Objective. Determination of specificity, sensitivity and reliability of the implemented methods under exposure to reference neurotropic substances with differently directed effects — chlorpromazine and caffeine on the parameters of the neurological conditions of female Wistar Han rats.

Results. It has been shown that the set of CFT and the method for evaluation of motor activity in the “open field” are relevant for the determination of specific exposure and toxicodynamics of reference substances having differently directed effects on the nervous system of rats. The sensitivity of these methods under the lowest active dose of caffeine and chlorpromazine was determined. Data on the reproducibility of test results have been obtained.
Evaluation of cytotoxicity of different concentrations of minoxidil-containing lotion using test object – bull sperm cells
Authors: Kuzminov B.P. , Zazulyak T.S. , Ostapiv D.D. , Yunak N.Ye.
Published: May 2019

Мета. Оцінити цитотоксичний вплив різних концентрацій лосьйону, що містить міноксидил. Як тест-об'єкт використано суспензію сперміїв бугая. Проби сперми ділили на контрольну та дослідні: з додаванням 5 % та 10 % лосьйону, що містить міноксидил.

Методи досліджень — визначити виживання сперміїв (год) за температури 2–4°C до припинення поступального руху, дихальну активність — полярографічно (нг-атом О2/хв х 0,1 мл сперми) за температури 38,5°С і відновну здатність — потенціометрично (mV/хв х 0,1 мл сперми), активність сукцинат-дегідрогенази (СДГ; од/год х 0,1 мл сперми) і цитохромоксидази (ЦХО; од/годх 0,1 мл сперми).

Висновки. Встановлено, що дихальна активність і відновна здатність сперми залежить як від дози, так і концентрації міноксидилу у складі лосьйону.