bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unlocking Dignity: Self-Worth and Life Satisfaction through the Lens of Female Persons Deprived of Liberty
Authors: Tan Ciara Maricar M
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to explore the lived experiences of female PDLs in relation to self-worth and life satisfaction, as most incarcerated mothers find it challenging to adjust to their lives and find balance in maintaining their relationships. To fully understand self-worth and life satisfaction from their perspectives, their past experiences, present circumstances and plans were discussed. Seven (7) incarcerated mothers who gave birth from years 2020-2024, ranging from 20-35 years old, were interviewed. The theories utilized were Self-Worth Theory and Life Satisfaction as an aspect of Subjective Well-being. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used, wherein the participants were interviewed via semi-structured interview guide questions. This study generated 11 superordinate themes which mainly centered on their education, career, status, children and family. From these findings, the author came up with supplemental programs, otherwise collectively called the MAC Program, that could help the incarcerated mothers, their children, their families and the jail authorities, both while the PDLs were in jail and after being re-integrated into their communities. It is a holistic program which includes activities for Psychological Wellbeing and Mental Health Services; Educational Assessment and Career Development; Family Support System; and Motherhood and Parenting Support Program. Investigating the self-worth and life satisfaction of the female PDLs can help assess how to better manage the PDLs as well as avoid re-incarceration. Equipping the female PDLs with the proper knowledge, skills, and behaviour can help them and their families live a better and renewed life once they get released from the jail facilities.
Brewing Terminologies Used by Baristas: Contextualized Instructional Material for Technical, Vocational, and Livelihood Students
Authors: Serviano Pearlene L. , Esporas John Brian P. , Gelantaga-an Joy M. , Granada Garneth T. , Ricablanca John Gil Lorenzo D. , Bonganciso Ruel T.
Published: October 2024

As coffee industries grow, the demand for good coffee is not simply enough nowadays. As a result, lexicons related to coffee, coffee beans, flavors, tools and equipment, and its processes are ever growing; hence, it can be considered “alive”. This study aims to gather coffee-related lexicons to create contextualized learning materials for Technical Vocational Learning (TVL) students, addressing the shortage of resources needed to enhance their coffee brewing skills. This study utilized two methods of acquiring data: 17 baristas from selected traditional coffee shops in the Philippines as participants of the study and books, articles and websites as the corpus of the study. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify common terminologies and their contextualized conceptual and operational definitions, as well as unique lexicons used by local baristas, which were then categorized into flavors, tools and equipment, and processes. After collecting 76 terminologies, it underwent thematic analysis and was categorized according to themes, such as coffee beans, flavors, serving sizes, tools and equipment, and processes. By incorporating these lexicons in the context of education, it will enhance students’ knowledge about coffee culture, industry practices and professional terminology, all of which are necessary for effective communication. This study contributes to the continuous evolution of language in the coffee industry by documenting and analyzing the diverse terminologies used.
Ethnopolitics of modern Kabardino-Balkaria: genesis and specificity
Authors:   Kabardin-Balkar Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aslan Kh. Borov
Published: October 2024

The subject of the research in this article is the historically formed integral “locus” of ethnopoli-tics – the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. During the existence of traditional society, the ties be-tween distinct ethnosocial groupings and their social elites within the territory of historical Ka-bardino-Balkaria were not viewed as interethnic and had no national-political implications. Pre-requisites for the emergence of regional ethnopolitics developed during the 19th century, when social and intersocial relations in the Central Caucasus became the subject of regulation by the state. The formation of the Soviet autonomy of Kabardino-Balkaria already acted as a real ethno-political process, the subject of which was the coordination of national interests of the Kabardian and Balkar peoples. The illegal act of expulsion from their homeland brought a traumatic begin-ning to the ethnosocial experience of the Balkar people, which has not been eradicated to this day. Ethnopolitical problems came to the forefront of the social and political life of the multi-ethnic and “two-subject” republic in the conditions of the crisis transition from the Soviet to the modern state and public system in the 1990s and their modern specificity took shape: the interweaving of the processes of socio-political consolidation of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and the nation-al consolidation of its “titular” peoples as a deep source of reproduction of ethnopolitics in the social life of the region; an urgent need to confirm the integral national identity of each of the peoples of the republic in the absence of institutional registration of its “two-subject” nature; his-torical and political discourse as the main field of the “struggle for identity”; the visible asym-metry of the ethno-social structure of the republic and the search for opportunities, conditions and forms of overcoming it as the driving force of Kabardino-Balkarian ethnopolitics at each stage of its actualization.
Features of the interpretation of dastan and mythlogical digressions (based on the material of the "Legend of the Daughter of Shan" by Mikail Bashtu)
Authors:   Dagestan State Pedagogical University named after Rasula Gamzatova, Imperiyat A. Khalipaeva , Burkhan A. Berberov ,   The Institute of Humanitarian Studies is a branch of the Kabardino–Balkarian Scien-tific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Adam M. Gutov ,   The Institute of Humanitarian Studies is a branch of the Kabardino–Balkarian Scien-tific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

This article examines the images of mythological characters and interprets the text of the dastan “The Tale of Shan’s Daughter” from the point of view of folklore studies. The author of the dastan is considered being the ancient Bulgarian poet and educator Mikail Bashtu. The author solves the super-task of his dastan - the conversion of a pagan to the Muslim faith - with the help of several artistic techniques, among which an important place is occupied by a dream, which is equally characteristic of archaic folklore and ancient Eastern literature. Forces of good and evil, love and rejection, procreation, expressed by the concept of “woman” point to the most ancient layers of traditional everyday culture of the Turks, and the transformation of these images into divine forc-es of the Islamic persuasion allows us to trace how the Turkic peoples passed from one religious hypostasis to another. The genre definition of the work is determined through the analysis of its poetics. In particular, the features of the plot structure and artistic language are considered.
To preserve, not to destroy: historical and cultural monuments of mountainous Ingushetia
Authors:   Ingush State University, Magomed M. Dzarakhov
Published: October 2024

The article examines the architectural monuments of mountainous Ingushetia from the point of view of their physical preservation and preservation of historical and cultural value. These monu-ments have undergone active restoration in recent years. Patrons are involved in financing these works. It is established that there is concern for preserving historical and cultural value during these works. The reason for this is the inability to determine the original appearance in detail of most dilapidated monuments, as well as the fact that the number of restored or restored tower set-tlements over the past couple of years has exceeded a dozen, and the materials on mandatory ar-chaeological excavations are few indicating irreparable damage that can be caused to historical and cultural monuments. Also, the absence of the need for practical use of restored premises of cultural heritage sites is an indicator of the inexpediency of using such an approach. In world prac-tice, restoration is used in exceptional cases, in particular when there is an ongoing historical cul-tural process. To solve this problem, it is necessary to attract the attention of state bodies, institu-tions, commercial organizations engaged in the preservation of cultural heritage sites, the public to the need to preserve the historical and cultural value of historical and cultural monuments as tower and castle complexes, as well as religious and burial structures concentrated on the territory of modern mountainous Ingushetia, when carrying out work on their preservation, as well as the priority of their conservation over other types of work. It is concluded that a monument of history and culture is valuable insofar as it contains reliable information about human activity in previous eras, and principles for the preservation of architectural (tower and castle) complexes of moun-tainous Ingushetia have been developed, adherence to which will solve the problems identified in this study in matters of conservation work architectural monuments of mountainous Ingushetia.
The Abnormal Stock Return Before And After Stock Split
Authors: Naftalia Ananda , Fatimatussa’adah Anjani Putri , Riskiyah Siti Fatikhatur , Hariyanto Wiwit
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether there is a significant abnormal return before and after the stock split event and whether there is a difference in abnormal return before and after the stock split event. The analysis method used in this research is the paired sample t-test method. The population in this study were all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2017-2022 period. The samples used in this study were 32 companies. The results of the paired sample t-test test obtained a significant value of 0.958 which means above 0.05. So the results of the paired sample t-test test of the difference in abnormal stock returns before and after the stock split event found that there was no difference in abnormal stock returns before and after the stock split event even though in that period there was a period of covid-19 crisis did not affect the abnormal stock returns of companies that had done a stock split.
Accounting Information Technology and its Role in Raising the Level of Professional Performance of Internal Auditing
Authors: Mahdi Muslim Hamid , Mahdi Zainab Zuhair , Sweih Gabbar Hassan
Published: October 2024

This research aims to know the role of information technology in improving the performance of internal auditing, by highlighting the obstacles facing the use of information technology during internal auditing and understanding the extent of the internal auditor's awareness, Due to the importance that provides in improving audit services and explaining its role in providing accurate results and large information with high efficiency, in addition to the impact of information technology in reducing internal audit risks as a result of the large size of economic units and the diversity of their legal forms due to the great development occurring in all economic sectors. This led to the need for the internal auditor to provide services with the highest quality, one of the most important results that were reached is that information technology works to improve auditing procedures and reducing the risk by monitoring the computer performance daily with operational activities and confidentiality of information and the inability to access important information for unauthorized persons. Among the most important recommendations is the necessity for internal auditors to be Awareness of the importance of this technology when performing auditing services and reducing the risk when monitoring computer performance daily with operational activities, the confidentiality of information, and the inability to access important information except for authorized persons. The research concluded that the hypotheses are correct.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Intellectual Capital and Leverage on Firm Value with Profitability as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Ayuningtyas Zulfa Rahma , Maryanti Eny , Dewi Ade Annisa , Damayanti Dia
Published: October 2024

The rise in stock prices indicates that a company has promising future prospects, thereby boosting its perceived value among investors. The higher the share price, the higher the firm value. The aim of this research is to determine the role of profitability in moderating the relationship between corporate social responsibility, intellectual capital and leverage on firm value. The population of this research uses mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique to obtain 75 data from 15 companies that met the criteria. This research method is quantitative research with data analysis techniques, namely multiple regression analysis and moderated regression analysis (MRA) using SPSS 23 software. The results of this research show that corporate social responsibility has an effect on firm value, intellectual capital and leverage have no effect on firm value. Profitability is not able to moderate corporate social responsibility on firm value. Profitability is able to moderate intellectual capital and leverage on firm value. The implications of this study include the need for companies to carefully consider allocation strategies for corporate social responsibility, taking into account improvements in other financial performances to avoid a decline in firm value. Effective management of intellectual capital should be accompanied by high profitability, and high profitability should be balanced with leverage ratio to maximize firm value. Well-integrated financial strategies considering various factors will help companies enhance their value in the market.
Female Presence and Leverage in Firm Performance with Firm Size as Moderating Variable
Authors: Sistia Desinda Rachma , Elisya Reza Marcelina , Nuriza Vivin , Biduri Sarwenda
Published: October 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of firm size in moderating female presences, leverage on firm performance. The influencing variables are female presences and leverage. The variable influenced is firm performance. The variable that strengthens or weakens is firm size. The sampling technique in this research used a purposive sampling technique, so that 126 data were obtained from 18 firms that met the criteria. Quantitative research is a research method and data analysis technique using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis using SmartPLS 3 software. The results of the research show that female presences have an influence on firm performance. Leverage has no effect on firm performance. Firm size is not able to moderate the relationship between female presences and firm performance. Firm size is able to moderate the relationship between leverage and firm performance.
The Role of International Accounting Standard 39 in Disclosing Financial Derivatives/ Financial Instruments in the Financial Statements of Jordanian Banks Listed on the Amman
Authors: Dheyab Mohammed Ahmed , Yasen Ammar Taha , Shaaban Samir Emad
Published: October 2024

This study objective to know the nature of financial derivatives of both types (stocks and bonds) and the role of International Accounting Standard (39) in disclosing them in the financial statements, in addition to identifying their problems, how they are dealt with, and what is the mechanism for disclosing them in accordance with international accounting standards.
The study used the content analysis method to determine the volume of disclosure of financial derivatives in the financial statements of a number of Jordanian banks registered on the Amman Stock Exchange.
The descriptive analytical method was also used in the theoretical aspect
The study showed through the conclusions that the financial reports of Jordanian banks have dealings with financial instruments and that the banks have applied the standard, but only partially and in accordance with the standard (39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement), which led to a significant improvement in the measurement and disclosure of financial instruments (stocks and bonds). Thus, the auditor is able to give an impartial technical opinion
The study presented several recommendations, the most important of which are: the need to pay attention to applying Accounting Standard 39 completely and not partially for the purpose of being able to compete internationally and not just at the local level through developing and qualifying employees/and resorting to foreign companies specialized in the field of applying international accounting standards.
The Impacts of Leadership’s Developments on Human’s Resources Developments and Regulatory Performances
Authors: Alsadoon Abdulrazak Amer Adnan
Published: October 2024

The present investigation examines the impact of leaderships development’s on the growth and regulating performances of the oil and gas sectors in Basra. Data was collected through a scientific methodology in which a structured survey with (25) questions was used. Most of the participants were assessed through a (five Likert scale) that ranged from (1 to 5). From a sample size of (400) individuals, we had a total of (375) valid responses analyzed. The collection and analysis were done using the SPSS software. An examination of descriptivist data, reliability testing with Cronbach's alpha, correlation evaluation by Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and ANOVA was carried out. Results show strong positive relationships between enhancing leadership skills— HR— regulatory functions; findings underscored the importance of actions taken by leaderships towards promoting corporate growth while also ensuring compliance with regulations.
The Impact of Corporate Tax on Investment
Authors: Ahrorov Zarif Oripovich
Published: October 2024

According to the experience of developed countries in the world, improving the corporate tax system is important in ensuring the stability of the economy, increasing business and investment activity. The work is devoted to one of the most topical issues of today, which discusses the impact of income tax on investment attraction. This work is aimed at ensuring the compatibility of income tax and investment, and taxes are aimed at pursuing a prudent tax policy as a regulator of the economy. Proposals and recommendations have been developed to stimulate investment activity through income tax benefits, to ensure high efficiency of income tax and investment policy.
Strategic Dominance and Its Role in Reducing Consumer Arrogance (An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Workers in Electronic Product Sales Centers in Najaf Governorate)
Authors: Al-Taee Yousif Hujeim , Aliasghar Huda Dhyaa
Published: October 2024

The current study explores the relationship between two main variables: strategic dominance in its dimensions (strategic rules, organizational power, strategic maneuvering, strategic sovereignty) and consumer arrogance in its dimensions (image-based consumption, consumer bragging, incentive-based purchases, consumer sense of superiority), through a survey of the opinions of a sample of workers in electronic product sales centers in Najaf Governorate. The researcher used the homogeneous intentional sample method. To achieve this goal, the questionnaire was used as a main tool to collect the required data. The questionnaire was distributed to (180) workers from the community under study. After reviewing it, the number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis reached (172) questionnaires, out of the number of retrieved questionnaires, which amounted to (176) questionnaires. It was statistically analyzed using the programs (SPSS.28) and (AMOS.V.26), and the results showed the presence of a significant effect and correlation between strategic dominance in reducing consumer arrogance. The results reached by the current study are an attempt to reduce or bridge the knowledge gap between the study variables of strategic dominance and consumer arrogance. The study recommends that the administrations of electronic product sales centers in Najaf under study should adopt the components of strategic dominance and the new ideas it includes in the research and development department and encourage them, and enable workers to provide new ideas and involve them in the decision-making process, which contributes to reducing consumer arrogance. It also calls on researchers to conduct more future studies and research within the scope of the current study variables in the Iraqi organizational environment or environments in other countries.
Tax Evasion in Iraq and its Impact on Social Responsibility Accounting “An Applied Study in the Babylon Tax Department”
Authors: Madhi Maiyda Hassan
Published: October 2024

Taxes are considered financial revenues because they are one of the sources that can provide revenues that the state relies on to determine its financial policy, in addition to including its economic, political and social goals in order to distribute wealth and stimulate investment and savings. The purpose of the study is to improve corporate social responsibility by raising knowledge and awareness of the significance of tax compliance and its effects on society and the environment, as well as to encourage them to adopt ethical and sustainable tax practices , and enhancing corporate social responsibility and motivating them to adopt sustainable and ethical tax practices, which is an important tool for improving companies' tax performance and enhancing their role in supporting sustainable development and achieving a balance between financial, social and environmental concerns. It is of great importance in enhancing transparency and integrity, which contributes to increasing the level of transparency and integrity in corporate tax operations, which enhances trust between companies and the communities in which they operate. The study relied on the use of a questionnaire based on direct examination to understand the impact of tax evasion on social responsibility accounting for a sample of employees in the Tax Department of Babylon Governorate. 75 questionnaires were distributed to conduct the statistical analysis of the study. By analyzing the questionnaire, conclusions can be drawn about the extent of the impact of tax evasion on social responsibility accounting, and identifying aspects that can be improved or enhanced. Based on the results, the study will provide practical recommendations on the most important treatments that limit tax evasion through the tax law, spreading tax awareness, and explaining the impact of evasion on society and the environment.
The Future of Smart Cities: Global Trends and Emerging Challenges in Urban Development
Authors: Mirkhamidova Zakhinabonu Mirkhamid Kizi
Published: October 2024

This article explores the evolving concept of "smart cities" and the global trends shaping their development. It examines the potential benefits of smart city initiatives, including improved resource efficiency, quality of life, and environmental sustainability. However, the article also acknowledges the challenges associated with smart city development, such as digital inequality, privacy concerns, and potential security risks.
Modern Industrial Policy of World Countries and Experiences of Using Resource-Efficient Methods
Authors: Ergashev Sanjarbek Sobirjon Ugli
Published: October 2024

Modern industrial policies are increasingly integrating resource-efficient methods to address global challenges such as climate change and resource depletion. This article examines the industrial policies of Germany, China, and the United States, focusing on their approaches to sustainability and resource efficiency. Utilizing data from international energy agencies, industry reports, and government publications, the study analyzes key metrics including renewable energy investment, regulatory stringency, and resource efficiency measures. This analysis underscores the importance of integrating resource efficiency into industrial policies to achieve long-term economic and environmental sustainability.
Entrepreneurship and its Impact on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction A Study of the Opinions of Senior and Middle Management in Telecommunications Companies Operating in Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Abdul Salam , Hamad Sinan Fadhel
Published: October 2024

This study aims to examine the impact of entrepreneurship strategies on employee performance, with job satisfaction serving as a mediating variable, in telecommunications companies operating in Iraq. A sample of 340 individuals from senior and middle management was selected using random sampling. The study employed a descriptive analytical method, and data were collected via a questionnaire. Analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS software. The results indicated a statistically significant effect of entrepreneurship strategies on both employee performance and job satisfaction. Furthermore, job satisfaction was found to mediate the relationship between entrepreneurship and employee performance. Recommendations include fostering a supportive environment that enhances job satisfaction, encourages creativity, and improves employee performance.
Investment Strategies and Financing Approaches in Emerging Enterprises
Authors: Abdushukurovna Bakiyeva Iroda
Published: October 2024

Investment activities are arguably the most crucial factor in the development and sustenance of an enterprise, especially in emerging markets. While there have been numerous studies on the financing structure, there is a substantial gap in the literature regarding the impact of capital structure and cost of capital on investment efficiency in transitional economies. This research seeks to address this gap, using a mixed-method approach that combines qualitative case studies and quantitative financial analysis. The research involved conducting case studies with five enterprises from the technology, manufacturing, and services sectors. In addition, the researcher used secondary data obtained from the websites of the Bucharest Stock Exchange and the Romanian National Registry of Financial Statements. The data was used to calculate the Return on Investment, debt-to-equity ratio, and cost of capital. The analysis shows that businesses that adopt the optimal capital structure perform better, relative to their counterparts, in the aspect of profitability and market value. They also have a lower cost of capital, as well as greater financial sustainability. On the other hand, businesses with higher leverage perform poorly, with their failing market position forcing them to adopt measures such as providing discounts to customers and investing in motor vehicles to reduce operational costs. This research shows that even in the current state, some of the basic principles that have traditionally applied still have bearing. However, there are some underlying problems, some of which have been highlighted in Nenite-Petrescu et al.’s case study of three Romanian companies. Some of the factors which have been identified as contributing to the negative performance of the three companies include poor return on assets, return on capital employed, and return on investment; low levels of liquidity; low sales and profits; and high cost of Sales, as well as low purchase and employment of personnel. All these factors represent significant inefficiencies in the aspect of capital unproductivity for the businesses. Some of the lessons learnt from the analysis include the non-recognition of business risks and their mitigation. A business should consider the various events and circumstances that may impact negatively on their ability to meet obligations toward obligations taken by such businesses. In conclusion, enterprises need to manage their financing strategies to ensure that they minimize their risk, while maximizing their long-term growth potential. This research will prove important for future researchers and business enterprises in transitional economies.
Indo-Sino: Obfuscated Unrelenting Relations
Authors: Aggarwal Shubham
Published: October 2024

The relations between India and the People’s Republic of China commence with an initial atmosphere of cordiality. But the affinity become sour after the Tibet issue, giving asylum to Dalai Lama in Dharamshala, the border dispute, the mistrust of each other took them into the war of 1962. After 1962 war, diplomatic relations between two countries were severed and after 1988, a period of reform began in it. Currently the Indo-Sino relations are in ambivalent, intimacy and vacillate by affinity mode. In the 21st century, Indo-Sino relations have evolved with notable positive aspects despite inherent complexities.
Digital Governance and Its Role in the Islamic Economy- Analytical Study
Authors: Al-Gharawi Razzaq Makhour Daoud
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the role of digital governance within the Islamic economy, aiming to explore how modern technological advancements can be integrated into Islamic financial institutions while adhering to Sharia law. The research employs an analytical and comparative approach to examine the intersection of digital governance and Islamic economics, focusing on its implications for economic management and institutional transparency. The results indicate that digital governance offers a framework of systems and mechanisms that enhance the efficiency, accountability, and transparency of Islamic institutions. These governance practices, while rooted in the principles of Islamic economics, are essential for the modern adaptation of these institutions, particularly in the global economy. The study concludes that adopting digital governance within Islamic finance can significantly improve the management and operational integrity of these institutions, ensuring their alignment with both religious and modern economic principles.
Nutrition for Football Players: Fueling Performance on the Field
Authors: Jihad Hassanein Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Proper nutrition plays a critical role in enhancing the performance and overall health of football players. This paper examines the relationship between nutrition and athletic performance, emphasizing the importance of balanced meals rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and fats tailored to the needs of athletes. The study highlights how a well-structured diet helps replenish energy, build muscle, and aid recovery after intensive training and competition. It also explores pre- and post-competition meal strategies, showcasing how specific food intake can optimize glycogen restoration and sustain energy levels during prolonged physical exertion. By addressing the physiological demands of athletes, this research underscores the significance of targeted nutritional strategies in maximizing performance and ensuring long-term athletic success.
Beyond the Pulpit: Pentecostal Growth and Economic Transformations in Brazil
Authors: Costa Francisco J M , Marcantonio Angelo , Rocha Rudi
Published: October 2024

This chapter investigates the relationship between economic transformation and the surge of Pentecostalism in Brazil. We aim to offer a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the forces shaping the growth of Pentecostalism and its political power. In doing so, we portray the nuanced dynamics underlying the interplay between economic challenges, religious expansion, and political influence.
Near-death experiences
Authors: Kruusen Marek-Lars
Published: October 2024

Current psychological science is convinced that consciousness and psyche do not exist without the brain. The material base of human psyche is the neurological function of the brain. It can be said that the psyche is a function of the brain. Mental activity is caused by physiological functions in the human brain. These views are generally accepted within the scientific world. But there exist such phenomena in medicine which overturn the views that consciousness (psyche) cannot exist without a brain. Such phenomena, called near-death experiences, will be further examined in this article.
Survey Trends and Taxonomy Distribution in Large Language Models
Authors: Bondada Bhargavi Rao
Published: October 2024

In this project, we analyze trends in survey papers on Large Language Models (LLMs) and explore the distribution of proposed taxonomy categories. We use Python code to process the data, perform trend analysis over time, and examine the frequency of taxonomy categories. Additionally, we build a feature matrix to combine various features of the data and apply preprocessing for future predictive tasks.
Uncertainty-dependent learning bias in value-based decision making
Authors: Ban Kitti , Tóth-Fáber Eszter , Lages Martin , Kóbor Andrea
Published: October 2024

Do we preferentially learn from positive rather than negative decision outcomes? Previous studies indicated that such bias characterises learning during simple reward learning tasks. However, no research has yet confirmed whether learning bias is also present during sequential decision making under uncertainty. To fill this gap, we utilised a complex yet ecologically valid paradigm, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which measures risk-taking propensity under uncertainty in everyday decision making. Comparing learning from positive and negative outcomes in the BART has been made possible by the Scaled Target Learning model, which characterises both risk-taking propensity and sensitivity to wins and losses. For the first time, we applied this model to a modified BART paradigm with different levels of perceived uncertainty. Crucially, our analyses revealed learning bias during high levels of uncertainty, under which condition bias was negatively tied to task performance. Furthermore, increased sensitivity to wins compared to losses was linked to more risk-seeking behaviour across all conditions, suggesting that learning bias could mediate risky behaviour. Overall, our results contribute to a more accurate characterisation of reward learning behaviour and suggest that learning bias arises when the level of perceived uncertainty surges.
A multi-metric analysis of 50,000 linguistic profiles provides sparse evidence that language distance modulates bilingual cognition
Authors: Leivada Evelina , Guenther Fritz , Masullo Camilla , Duñabeitia Jon Andoni , Westergaard Marit , Rothman Jason
Published: October 2024

Similarity in mental, linguistic representations modulates the degree of recruitment of cognitive control mechanisms, which have been linked to neurocognitive adaptations in bilingual populations. While ample evidence exists for this claim, its coverage is limited, as testing is geared towards WEIRD communities that use sizeable, Indo-European languages, thus potentially providing a biased view of bilingual cognition. We assess the role of distance as a key moderator of bilingual adaptations through a large-scale aggregation analysis of 510 experiments. To measure distance, we develop a multi-metric approach, using state-of-the-art databases, such as Grambank. Analyzing data from 56,122 participants who speak 79 different languages, spanning 11 language families and a language isolate, we find sparse evidence for a distance effect. Our results suggest that moderators such as language distance can shed light on the cognitive divide between language and dialects in a way that addresses the perennial question of what makes bilinguals distinct.
Creating A More Equitable Movement: Compensation In The Farmed Animal Advocacy Sector
Authors: Faunalytics
Published: October 2024

The farmed animal advocacy movement has professionalized and grown within the nonprofit sector over the last 50 years, with over 285 organizations in the United States alone and more than 800 groups worldwide (Animal Charity Evaluators, 2023). This report analyzes pay and benefit trends among farmed animal organizations and how they compare with nonprofits in other cause areas. It also examines whether pay gaps exist between marginalized and non-marginalized individuals in the farmed animal advocacy movement, given that such pay gaps are common across many sectors. By surveying nonprofit organizations and collecting salary data from public job boards, we provide benchmarks, recommendations, and tools in order to help strengthen this rapidly growing movement. This study makes clear that, by addressing pay inequities and developing a purposeful approach to pay and benefits, organizations can create a more inclusive, equitable, and engaged work environment where staff within the movement feel more supported and rewarded.
Expressive suppression moderates nature scene effect on acute stress recovery
Authors: Hao Yu
Published: October 2024

Nature benefits stress recovery. However, few studies have examined if individual differences in emotion regulation moderate the restorative effect of nature. I investigated to what extent experiential, physiological, and neural components of stress recovery during nature scene viewing are moderated by individual differences in the habitual use of expressive suppression in daily lives. Thirty-three college students were induced acute stress by a standard laboratory stressor (mental arithmetic). Then they viewed nature scenes with different sunlight conditions and a blank screen as baseline control, immediately after which they rated their relaxation levels. Simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) signals were used to derive functional coupling between prefrontal and posterior cortical regions in alpha oscillation, an indicator of visual attention. Peripheral physiology, skin conductance (SCR) and heart-rate variability (HRV), indicating sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, respectively, were also recorded. Results showed that experiential and physiological outcomes of nature scenes differed by individual differences in expressive suppression. Specifically, high expressive suppression was associated with lower relaxation and HRV in some nature scenes. SCR is invariant across nature scenes or expressive suppression. Furthermore, visual perception of nature scenes may require more involuntary attention; therefore, EEG alpha coupling was reduced. Alpha coupling during nature scenes predicted subjective relaxation, depending on expressive suppression. The present study indicates that individuals high in expressive suppression may not benefit to the same degree as those lower in expressive suppression during nature scene exposure. Future studies on stress processing by integrating environment, brain, body, and individual traits are valuable.
ROTEIRIZANDO BIOGRAFIAS CIENTÍFICAS: uma tradução intersemiótica de conceitos da literatura para o roteiro
Authors: Sugano Tahnee Valzachi
Published: October 2024

This article aims to present a possible way of scripting scientific biographies. To this end, a writing approach of this genre initially designed for literature will be adopted, from which key concepts will be extracted which, after undergoing an intersemiotic translation, generate key structures for writing a scientific biographical script. To carry out the translation, a system of signs was defined for the script language, based on books on this technique. The key elements obtained through the translation are interpreted resulting in a table of correspondences and an analytical text about each of them.
Exploring The Potentials and Drawbacks of Hysteresis Current Controller For SRM: A Case Study Of Wind Energy Conversion System
Authors: Kabir Imamuddeen , Jibril Yusuf , Sa'idu Abubakar Adamu , Abidemi Olarinoye Gbenga
Published: October 2024

Switched Reluctance Machines (SRMs) have drawn interest in renewable energy systems because of their special qualities and applicability. This study examines the idea of hysteresis current regulation in a wind energy conversion system with a Switched Reluctance Generator (SRG). The system is modeled in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The model is simulated and analyzed to ascertain the system’s benefits and shortcomings, focusing on reducing torque ripples in SRG. Considering most classical controllers are complicated to construct, the hysteresis current control is straightforward and effective. However, this controller's two primary shortcomings are that it produces a variable switching frequency and increases current ripples at a steady state, both enhancing acoustic noise in SRM.  Lastly, the report suggests that improving controller performance should be the primary emphasis of future research in this field.
Amitav Ghosh’s The Living Mountain: A Tale of Green Imperialism
Authors: Thakur Ram Sebak , Singh Ajita , Roy Vijay Kumar
Published: October 2024

Amitav Ghosh’s The Living Mountain: A Fable for Our Times (2022) is a kind of ecotopian speculative fiction that posits a cryptic study of human-environment relationship in the form of a fable. This novella offers a critical insight into the harsh reality of the present anthropological capitalism and its pernicious impacts on ecology as a whole. It criticizes the growing insensitivity of human towards nature in the clamour for material advancement. Ghosh envisions a caveat against the eco-colonial hegemony. Flummoxed by the injustices meted out to the nature by men, Ghosh implores the human race to get aware of the repercussions of environmental degradation and eco-colonialism. The novella, in a form of a dream tale, tells about how the predator nations expropriate the land and loot the bountiful resources of the prey nations. In the process of gaining upper-hand, they force the native people to disclose their mystic knowledge of their ancestors making it easier for them to encroach their land and natural resources. Obliged by a pressing need to awaken the entire human race from the delusions of grandeur and its aftermath, Ghosh pens down the narrative as a commentary on the rapidly growing exploitation of nature’s treasures on an unprecedented scale and its dire consequences. Ghosh has masterfully mingled history, myth, and fiction to unmask the hegemony and hierarchy percolating through the human society and how the malice of human has disturbed harmonious cohabitation of the natives and their environment. The paper aims at exploring the detrimental effects on the environment of the land of the colonised by the colonisers. At its root, it examines how the colonizers abuse not only the natives, their land, resources but even devalue their traditional knowledge. The anthropomorphic view of the colonizers has endangered the natural resources, and if not cured, may invite an ecological crash.
Antibiogram Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Sputum Sample
Authors: Nyaupane Krishna , Mahat Nikita , Lamichhane Apsara , Bhainatwo Binita , Parajuli Pustika
Published: October 2024

Antibiotics are frequently used for various infectious disease example; acute lower respiratory tract infection. But, injudicious use of antibiotic resistance is an emerging problem. The objective of this study was taken up to analyze the antibiogram pattern of bacterial isolated from the sputum samples of patient in Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Initially, 250 sputum specimens of patients were collected and opted for the isolation and identification of isolates which detected 56.097% Klebsiella spp. 17.073 %, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4.878 %, Burkholderia spp. 9.756 % Enterobacter spp. 12.195% Escherichia coli respectively. Conducting AST following Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method (CLSI 2020), it was determined that Klebsiella spp. (56.097 %) exhibited sensitive to Gentamycin and exhibited resistance to Cefixime. It was observed that 9 (39.130 %) Klebsiella spp. isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance character. Likewise, out of 23 isolated Klebsiella spp. only 5 (21.739 %) was found to be ESBL producers. The presence of multi drug-resistant strains and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella spp. is of major concern worldwide. The improper and excessive utilization of antibiotics, encompassing unauthorized practices might be the reason in the rise to the development and proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR)in microorganisms. This study highlights the importance of implementing appropriate hygiene and dietary measures for human to prevent the transmission of diverse pathogenic microorganisms.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 12(3): 151-157.
Menstruation Related Practices among Adolescent Girls and Women in a Semi-urban Area of Nepal
Authors: Singh Bhandari Mukta , Chataut Jagdish , Tamrakar Dipesh , Shrestha Abha , Lhaki Pema
Published: October 2024

Background Menstruation is often associated with restrictions from different activities. Studies about extreme form of menstruation practices i.e. “Chhaupadi” have been widely done but other practices have been less studied. Thus, this study aimed to find out the menstruation related practices among adolescent girls and women in secondary schools in a semi-urban community of Nepal. MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study done at two secondary schools in a semi-urban community of Panauti municipality which were selected purposively. The duration of study was from 31st October 2022 to 15th November, 2022. Total 158 adolescent girls and women present at the study site who have had menarche were included in the study through census sampling. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee [Reference number: 36/22] of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. Self-administered semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the information.ResultsAmong 158 study participants, menstrual restriction practice was followed by 155(98.66%) and most common restriction was not being allowed to worship or go to worshipping room 150 (96.77%). Most (68.98%) of the study participants said that their mother insisted them to follow such practices.Conclusions Menstruation related practices were common among the study participants and most common form of restriction was not being allowed to worship.