bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrode‐Potential‐Driven Dissociation of N‐Heterocycle/BF3 Adducts: A Possible Manifestation of the Electro‐Inductive Effect
Authors: Hossain Md. Sazzad , Romo Adolfo I. B. , Putnam Seth T. , Dawlaty Jahan , Augustyn Veronica , Rodríguez‐López Joaquín
Published: April 2023

Recently, non‐Faradaic effects were used to modify the electronic structure and reactivity of electrode‐bound species. We hypothesize that these electrostatic perturbations could influence the chemical reactivity of electrolyte species near an electrode in the absence of Faradaic electron transfer. A prime example of non‐Faradaic effects is acid‐base dissociation near an interface. Here, we probed the near‐electrode dissociation of N‐heterocycle‐BF3 Lewis adducts upon electrode polarization, well outside of the redox potential window of the adducts. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy and confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, we detected a potential‐dependent depletion of the adduct near the electrode. We propose an electro‐inductive effect where a more positive potential leads to electron withdrawal on the N‐heterocycle. This study takes a step forward in the use of electrostatics at electrochemical interfaces for field‐driven electrocatalytic and electro‐synthetic processes.
Gradientenbeton 2.0 – Ressourcenoptimierung durch Kombination von Hohlkörperbauweise und Trajektorienbewehrung
Authors: Sobek Werner , Schmeer Daniel
Published: April 2023

Mit Ausnahme der sog. Schubbügel folgt die Bewehrungsführung in Bauteilen aus Stahlbeton in der Regel der Geometrie der Bauteile, d. h., die Bewehrung wird entweder parallel zu den berandenden Oberflächen oder, seltener, senkrecht dazu verlegt. Obwohl bekannt ist, dass diese Art der Bewehrungsführung zu einem signifikanten Mehrverbrauch an Betonstahl führt, gilt sie auch heute noch als weltweiter Standard. Begründet wird dies mit der Einfachheit der Verlegung der Bewehrung, der hierdurch möglichen geringeren Fehlerquote auf der Baustelle und den durch beides erzielbaren Einsparungen an Lohnkosten. Aufgrund der weltweit erforderlichen Reduktion der Ressourcenverbräuche, des Energiebedarfs und der klimaschädlichen Emissionen gerade bei der Herstellung von Bauwerken kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Menge an eingebauter Bewehrung pro Bauteil zukünftig abnehmen wird. Aus den vorgenannten Gründen werden auch die Mengen an dem pro Bauteil eingebauten Beton abnehmen. Neben einer stärkeren Gliederung der Bauteiloberflächen werden dabei Hohlräume innerhalb der Bauteile sowie die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Betongüten innerhalb eines Bauteils zunehmend Verwendung finden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Technologie vorgestellt, mit der im Stahlbetonbau deutliche Materialeinsparungen erzielt werden können. Sie besteht aus einer Hohlkörperbauweise in Kombination mit einer lastpfadgerechten Bewehrungsführung. Diese Technologie erlaubt die Umsetzung von gewichtsminimierten, materialeffizienten, emissionsreduzierten und sortenrein trennbaren Stahlbetonbauteilen.
A quantitative analysis method for a new glycogen synthase kinase‐3 inhibitor and its pharmacokinetics in rats
Authors: Wu Dan , Bai Xue , Yu Jiasi , Guo Linli , Zhao Yanan , Liu Ping
Published: April 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD), as a chronic and frequent neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, has caused a huge economic burden to society, family, and other aspects. (E)‐N‐(4‐(((2‐amino‐5‐phenylpyridin‐3‐yl) imino) methyl) pyridine‐2‐yl) cyclopropanecarboxamide (PIMPC), a new glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) inhibitor, has been designed and synthesized as a potential anti‐AD compound with antioxidant and metal chelating properties. In this study, we established an HPLC method for the determination of PIMPC, which has high accuracy, good sensitivity, and repeatability. This method determined the PIMPC content in rat plasma at different time points after intragastric administration to understand the pharmacokinetics (PK) process of PIMPC in rats. In addition, we preliminarily evaluated the effect of PIMPC on the liver and kidney in rats at pharmacodynamic doses. In conclusion, we have established a quantitative analysis method for PIMPC with excellent performance. And the PK process of PIMPC in rats, which was characterized by fast absorption, rapid distribution, and rapid elimination, conformed to the characteristics of the two‐compartment model. In addition, long‐term administration of PIMPC at therapeutic doses would not affect liver and kidney function. These studies have a certain reference for the development and research of PIMPC as a potential anti‐AD drug.
Metabolite profiles of Gansuibanxia decoction in rat plasma and urine by UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS analysis
Authors: Cui Yue , Tang Xinmiao , Feng Bo
Published: April 2023

Gansuibanxia decoction (GSBXD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula with 2000 years of history, has good efficacies on treating cancerous ascites, pleural effusion, etc. However, little is known about its metabolite profiles owing to the lack of in vivo studies. In this study, we explored the prototypes and metabolites of GSBXD in rat plasma and urine using UHPLC–Q‐TOF/MS technology. A total of 82 GSBXD‐related xenobiotic bioactive components (38 prototypes and 44 metabolites) were confirmed or tentatively characterized, including 32 prototypes and 29 metabolites in plasma, and 25 prototypes and 29 metabolites in urine. The results showed that the bioactive components absorbed in vivo mainly contained diterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids and monoterpene glycosides. Both phase I reactions (methylation, reduction, demethylation, hydrolysis, hydroxylation and oxidation) and phase II reactions (glucuronidation and sulfation) were involved in the metabolism of GSBXD in vivo. This study will provide a foundation for the quality control, pharmacological study and clinical application of GSBXD.
A rare case of perforated jejunal diverticula of an uncommon origin
Authors: Jawed Aleeza , Jawed Areesha , Kumari Sandhya , Shaikh Omer Ahmed , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: April 2023

Jejunal diverticula are often asymptomatic and rare, so they can go unnoticed until serious complications like obstruction, bleeding, perforation, volvulus, or diverticulitis occur. Elderly people over 60 are more likely to have this condition.
Methane Oxidation over PdO: Towards a Better Understanding of the Influence of the Support Material
Authors: Keller Kevin , Lott Patrick , Tischer Steffen , Casapu Maria , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: April 2023

The presence of water vapor during the oxidation of the strong greenhouse gas methane over PdO‐based catalysts is known to result in severe inhibition and catalyst deactivation. In this context, our current study elucidates the role of the support material for different water concentrations in the reaction gas mixture. Compared to a reference PdO/Al2O3 catalyst, the catalytic activity can be significantly enhanced when using SnO2 and ZrO2 as support materials and remains stable during 24 h of operation at 823 K in the presence of 12 % H2O, whereas under identical conditions CH4 conversion drops by 68 % over PdO/Al2O3. The interplay between Pd species and catalyst support was systematically characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, temperature‐programmed reduction experiments and TEM measurements. Finally, a kinetic scheme was derived based on the experimental data.
Concentration‐, Temperature‐ and Solvent‐Dependent Self‐Assembly: Merocyanine Dimerization as a Showcase Example for Obtaining Reliable Thermodynamic Data
Authors: Vonhausen Yvonne , Würthner Frank
Published: April 2023

Mathematical models for the concentration‐, temperature‐ and solvent‐dependent analysis of self‐assembly equilibria are derived for the most simple case of dimer formation, to highlight the assumptions these models and the thus determined thermodynamic parameters are based on. The three models were applied to UV/Vis absorption data for the dimerization of a highly dipolar merocyanine dye in 1,4‐dioxane. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) dilution experiments were performed as an independent reference technique. While the concentration‐dependent analysis is according to our studies the most reliable method, also the less time‐consuming temperature‐dependent evaluation can give accurate results in the present example, despite small thermochromic effects. In contrast, the strong negative solvatochromism of the merocyanine tampers with the results from the solvent‐dependent evaluation. Even though the studies presented in this work are limited to the monomer‐dimer equilibrium of a dipolar dye, the basic principles can be transferred to other chromophores and different self‐assembly models, including those for supramolecular polymerization.
Latent Pronucleophiles in Lewis Base Catalysis: Enantioselective Allylation of Silyl Enol Ethers with Allylic Fluorides
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Lange Markus , Zi You , Görls Helmar , Vilotijevic Ivan
Published: April 2023

Lewis base catalyzed allylations of C‐centered nucleophiles have been largely limited to the niche substrates with acidic C−H substituted for C−F bonds at the stabilized carbanionic carbon. Herein we report that the concept of latent pronucleophiles serves to overcome these limitations and allow for a variety of common stabilized C‐nucleophiles, when they are introduced as the corresponding silylated compounds, to undergo enantioselective allylations using allylic fluorides. The reactions of silyl enol ethers afford the allylation products in good yields and with high degree of regio/stereoselectivity as well as diastereoselectivity when cyclic silyl enol ethers are used. Further examples of silylated stabilized carbon nucleophiles that undergo efficient allylation speak in favor of the general applicability of this concept to C‐centered nucleophiles.
Dynamically Visualized Mechano‐Responsive Supramolecular Self‐Assembly System for Small Molecule Release
Authors: Wu Shihong , Qi Jiajia , Xia Xin , Zhou Ronghui , Zhao Hang
Published: April 2023

The mechano‐responsiverelease of small molecules has received extensive attention in ultrasound (US)‐controlled drug release in recent years because it can achieve non‐invasive, spatiotemporally controlled precise drug release. However, the vast majority of small molecules mechano‐release reported so far are based on polymer systems, which suffer from complex preparations and single mechano‐response. Here, an isoguanosine (isoG) visualized mechano‐responsive supramolecular self‐assembly (isoG‐VMRSS) system was successfully constructed by a one‐pot reaction. It is completely composed of small molecules, which allows for multiple mechano‐responsive releases of isoG (at least 9 times) and ultimately has potential for application in US drug release. A combined experimental‐computational approach reveals the supramolecular network structure (formed by the joint action of related metal coordination bonds, boronate ester bonds and hydrogen bonds mediated by isoG) gradually formed inside the system is the underlying internal mechanism. Therefore, it provides a new and effective idea of small molecule release in the field of mechanochemistry.
Using the Reactome Database
Authors: Rothfels Karen , Milacic Marija , Matthews Lisa , Haw Robin , Sevilla Cristoffer , Gillespie Marc , Stephan Ralf , Gong Chuqiao , Ragueneau Eliot , May Bruce , Shamovsky Veronica , Wright Adam , Weiser Joel , Beavers Deidre , Conley Patrick , Tiwari Krishna , Jassal Bijay , Griss Johannes , Senff‐Ribeiro Andrea , Brunson Timothy , Petryszak Robert , Hermjakob Henning , D'Eustachio Peter , Wu Guanming , Stein Lincoln
Published: April 2023

Pathway databases provide descriptions of the roles of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and other molecular entities within their biological cellular contexts. Pathway‐centric views of these roles may allow for the discovery of unexpected functional relationships in data such as gene expression profiles and somatic mutation catalogues from tumor cells. For this reason, there is a high demand for high‐quality pathway databases and their associated tools. The Reactome project (a collaboration between the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, New York University Langone Health, the European Bioinformatics Institute, and Oregon Health & Science University) is one such pathway database. Reactome collects detailed information on biological pathways and processes in humans from the primary literature. Reactome content is manually curated, expert‐authored, and peer‐reviewed and spans the gamut from simple intermediate metabolism to signaling pathways and complex cellular events. This information is supplemented with likely orthologous molecular reactions in mouse, rat, zebrafish, worm, and other model organisms. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Browsing a Reactome pathway

Basic Protocol 2: Exploring Reactome annotations of disease and drugs

Basic Protocol 3: Finding the pathways involving a gene or protein

Alternate Protocol 1: Finding the pathways involving a gene or protein using UniProtKB (SwissProt), Ensembl, or Entrez gene identifier

Alternate Protocol 2: Using advanced search

Basic Protocol 4: Using the Reactome pathway analysis tool to identify statistically overrepresented pathways

Basic Protocol 5: Using the Reactome pathway analysis tool to overlay expression data onto Reactome pathway diagrams

Basic Protocol 6: Comparing inferred model organism and human pathways using the Species Comparison tool

Basic Protocol 7: Comparing tissue‐specific expression using the Tissue Distribution tool
Changes in water flow alter community dynamics in oyster reefs
Authors: Powers Sean P. , Grabowski Jonathan H.
Published: April 2023

Fluid (air or water) movements are key determinants of living systems from cellular to community levels of organization. Water flow can influence individual fitness and local population dynamics, but less is known about the collective response of natural communities to alteration in water flow because parameter responses to flow may be additive, juxtaposed, or interactive. To examine how changes in water flow affected initial larval settlement patterns of epifaunal and infaunal animals, colonization of larger individuals, and prey survival, we manipulated water flow (−50% or +47%) in situ using large wooden channels over small experimental oyster reefs. To test whether initial settlement patterns were additive or influenced by early post‐settlement processes (i.e., predation or competition reduced the densities), we compared patterns in short‐duration trials (two weeks) to those in longer duration deployments (six weeks). We found that minor changes in water flow (5–10 cm s−1) resulted in large changes in settlement of many species, predation levels, and the modification of initial settlement patterns. Settlement (two‐week intervals) and subsequent recruitment (six‐week intervals) increased for several species as flow rate increased. For most species, this relationship peaked at mid‐level flows (mud crabs, barnacles, and bivalves), whereas others (oysters) continued to increase with higher flow rates. Settlement patterns were best preserved in recruitment under high flow conditions where post‐settlement mortality was lower. Collectively, our results demonstrate how biological and physical processes are coupled in oyster reef systems, with relatively minor changes in water flow affecting pre‐ and post‐settlement processes.
Immunomodulation under the lens of real‐time in vivo imaging
Authors: Bousso Philippe , Grandjean Capucine L.
Published: April 2023

Modulation of cells and molecules of the immune system not only represents a major opportunity to treat a variety of diseases including infections, cancer, autoimmune, and inflammatory disorders but could also help understand the intricacies of immune responses. A detailed mechanistic understanding of how a specific immune intervention may provide clinical benefit is essential for the rational design of efficient immunomodulators. Visualizing the impact of immunomodulation in real‐time and in vivo has emerged as an important approach to achieve this goal. In this review, we aim to illustrate how multiphoton intravital imaging has helped clarify the mode of action of immunomodulatory strategies such as antibodies or cell therapies. We also discuss how optogenetics combined with imaging will further help manipulate and precisely understand immunomodulatory pathways. Combined with other single‐cell technologies, in vivo dynamic imaging has therefore a major potential for guiding preclinical development of immunomodulatory drugs.
The assessment of suture spacing on the esthetic and functional outcomes of skin closures in different age groups
Authors: Pazyar Nader , Movahedyan Maryam , Yaghoobi Reza , Haghighizadeh Mohammad Hosein
Published: April 2023

Background and Aims

Dermatological surgeons must master the factors affecting wound healing. Suturing is the most common method of wound closure. One of the significant factors in suturing that affects wound healing and cosmetic results is the distance between sutures, which has been studied very little to date. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of simple interrupted suture with a distance of 2 and 5 mm on the esthetic and functional results of suture closure in different age groups.

Methods

In patients with two skin lesions, one wound was sutured with a distance of 2 mm and the other with a distance of 5 mm, and the wounds were evaluated 1 and 3 months after the operation using the POSAS scale.

Results

Patients' opinions indicate that, in the suture intervals of 2‐ and 5‐mm and at 1 and 3 months, the average was lower in the younger group than it was in the older group and also, as per the physician's opinion, the average in the age group under 50 years was significantly lower than that in the age group over 50 years.

Conclusions

According to the results of the present study, a suture of 2‐mm and a suture of 5‐mm would result in different esthetic and functional outcomes depending on the patient's age. The average in the age group less than 50 years was significantly lower than that of the age group greater than 50 years.
Leaf water δ18O, δ2H and d‐excess isoscapes for Australia using region‐specific plant parameters and non‐equilibrium vapour
Authors: McInerney Francesca A. , Gerber Christoph , Dangerfield Emma , Cernusak Lucas A. , Puccini Athina , Szarvas Steve , Singh Tanoj , Welti Nina
Published: April 2023

Oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotope ratios, and their relationship to one another (d‐excess) are altered as water travels from the atmosphere to the land surface, into soils and plants and back to the atmosphere. Plants return water to the atmosphere through transpiration (evaporation through the stomata), which causes isotopic fractionation concentrating the heavier isotopes (18O and 2H) in the water that remains behind in the leaves. The degree of isotopic fractionation during transpiration is controlled largely by climate, and as a result can be predicted using process‐based models and climate data. The modelled transpirational isotopic fractionation can be applied to plant source water isotopic values to predict leaf water isotope ratios and generate maps of isotopic composition, or isoscapes. This approach of mechanistic modelling has been well demonstrated in the first generation of global leaf water isoscapes (PLoS One, 3(6), e2447, 2008). However, use of leaf water isoscapes in fields such as hydrology, ecology, and forensics requires a new generation of updated region‐specific isoscapes. Here, we generate leaf water isoscapes of δ18O, δ2H and d‐excess for Australia, the driest vegetated continent on Earth, where leaf water represents a critical water resource for ecosystems. These isoscapes represent an improvement over previous global isoscapes due to their higher resolution, region‐specific, empirically derived plant parameters, and non‐equilibrium corrections for water vapour isotopic composition. The new isoscapes for leaf water are evaluated relative to observed isotope ratios of leaf cellulose and cherry juice. The model predictions for annual average leaf water isotope ratios showed strong correlations with these plant tissues that integrate over time. Moreover, inclusion of region‐specific leaf temperature estimates and non‐equilibirum vapour corrections improved prediction accuracy. Regionally based isoscapes provide improved characterisations of average leaf water isotope ratios needed to support research in hydrology, plant ecophysiology, atmospheric science, ecology, and geographic provenancing of biological materials.
GR‐Net: Gated axial attention ResNest network for polyp segmentation
Authors: Jiang Shen , Li Jinjiang , Hua Zhen
Published: April 2023

Medical image segmentation is a key step in medical image analysis. The small differences in the background and foreground of medical images and the small size of most medical data sets make medical segmentation difficult. This paper uses a global‐local training strategy to train the network. In the global structure, ResNest is used as the backbone of the network, and parallel decoders are added to aggregate features, as well as gated axial attention to adapt to small datasets. In the local structure, the extraction of image details is accomplished by dividing the images into equal patches of the same size. To evaluate the performance of the model, qualitative and quantitative comparisons were performed on five datasets, Kvasir‐SEG, CVC‐ColonDB, CVC‐ClinicDB, CVC‐300, and ETIS‐LaribPolypDB, and the segmentation results were significantly better than the current mainstream polyp segmentation methods. The results show that the model has better segmentation performance and generalization ability.
Effect of General Anesthesia on MR Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Cohen Israel , Kraus Matan , Greenberg Gahl , Hoffmann Chen , Shrot Shai
Published: April 2023

Background

Papilledema is thought to be the hallmark sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Distension of the subarachnoid space within the optic nerve sheath is also commonly reported in MR studies as an indirect sign of increased ICP.

Hypothesis

General anesthesia and positive pressure ventilation might result in changes in optic sheath diameter (OSD) observed on clinical brain MRI.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

One hundred forty‐five  patients (154 MRI scans, 7.3 years ± 5.1); 97 studies in the anesthesia group (4.4 years ± 3.4) of which 22 had papilledema, and 57 in the non‐anesthesia group (12.3 years ± 3.2), of which 28 had papilledema.

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T or 3.0T volumetric T2 images. T2 images were obtained from different vendors.

Assessment

OSD, optic nerve diameter (OND), and peri‐optic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured manually on T2‐weighted MR images for various population subgroups (with and without anesthesia; with or without papilledema). The correlation between these measurements and the clinical diagnosis of papilledema was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Statistical Tests

Chi‐square test; Mann–Whitney Test; Spearman's test and ROCs; Interclass correlation coefficient, P = 0.05.

Results

General anesthesia resulted in significantly larger mean OSD in patients with or without papilledema (7.3 ± 1.0 mm vs. 6.1 ± 1.1 mm and 6.7 ± 1.0 mm vs. 5.4 ± 0.9 mm, respectively). In the non‐anesthesia group, the average OSD values (6.1 ± 1.1 mm) were significantly higher in papilledema patients compared to non‐papilledema patients (5.4 ± 0.9 mm), with larger peri‐optic CSF rim (1.6 ± 0.4 mm vs. 1.3 ± 0.3 mm). In the anesthesia group, OND was significantly larger in papilledema patients (3.4 ± 0.4 mm vs. 3.1 ± 0.5 mm), though the average peri‐optic CSF rim did not reach a significance in papilledema compared with non‐papilledema patients (2.0 ± 0.3 mm vs. 1.8 ± 0.4 mm, P = 0.06). In patients with general anesthesia, peri‐optic CSF rim had a limited correlation with increased ICP.

Data Conclusion

In the pediatric population, imaging findings of increased OSD on brain MRI might be related to general anesthesia rather than increased ICP. The interpretation of optic nerve sheath distention should be reported cautiously in conjunction with anesthesia status, especially in the pediatric population.

Evidence Level: 4

Technical Efficacy: 5
Intuition in counseling: Implications for humanistic practice
Authors: Bryant Krystal , Luft Toupey
Published: April 2023

This phenomenological study focused on how counselors experienced instances of intuition in their practice. Four counseling psychologists were interviewed about their intuitive experiences and four main themes emerged. The findings are discussed along with ethical and humanistic considerations regarding counselors accessing and using intuition.
Identification of 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors by virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Shi Juan , Zhao Li‐Xia , Wang Jia‐Yu , Cao Hai‐Feng , Gao Shuang , Ye Fei , Fu Ying
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) herbicides control broadleaf and gramineous weeds with better crop safety for corn, sorghum and wheat. Multiple screening models in silico have been established to obtain novel lead compounds as HPPD inhibition herbicides.

RESULTS

Topomer comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) combined with topomer search technology and Bayesian, genetic approximation functions (GFA) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models generated by calculating different descriptors were constructed for the quinazolindione derivatives of HPPD inhibitors. The coefficient of determination (r2) of topomer CoMFA, MLR and GFA were 0.975, 0.970 and 0.968, respectively; all the models established displayed excellent accuracy and high predictive capacity. Five compounds with potential HPPD inhibition were obtained via screening fragment library combined with the validation of the above models and molecular docking studies. After molecular dynamics (MD) validation and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) prediction, the compound 2‐(2‐amino‐4‐(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl) benzoyl)‐3‐hydroxycyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one not only exhibited stable interactions with the protein but also high solubility and low toxicity, and has potential as a novel HPPD inhibition herbicide.

CONCLUSION

In this study, five compounds were obtained through multiple quantitative structure–activity relationship screening. Molecular docking and MD experiments showed that the constructed approach had good screening ability for HPPD inhibitors. This work provided molecular structural information for developing novel, highly efficient and low‐toxicity HPPD inhibitors. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cholesterol and Melatonin Exert Opposite Effects on the Interaction of Model DMPC Membranes with the SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐Protein: A SANS Study
Authors: Bulavin Leonid A. , Soloviov Dmytro V. , Ivankov Oleksandr I. , Doroshenko Iryna Yu. , Onuk Marta M. , Nikolaenko Tymofii Yu.
Published: April 2023

An effect of receptor‐binding domain (RBD) of SARS‐CoV‐2 S‐protein on structural parameters of model lipid membranes presented by dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) systems with cholesterol and melatonin impurities is studied by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). It is shown that an increase in melatonin concentration in the lipid membrane leads to a decrease in the thickness of the lipid bilayer, while an increase in the concentration of cholesterol leads to an increase in its thickness. It is suggested that increasing the concentration of melatonin in a membrane prevents the interaction of coronaviral S‐protein with a lipid membrane of a cell. In the presence of cholesterol in the system, the interaction of a lipid membrane with an active part of S‐protein occurs depending on a phase state of the lipid: in the case of a gel phase, there is no changes in structural parameters, but at higher temperatures in the case of a liquid crystal phase, an addition of RBD SARS‐CoV‐2 to the system causes a reduce in the membrane thickness.
Comparison of Monopolar Review to Fixed Parameter Fractionation in Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Thompson John A. , Hirt Lisa , David‐Gerecht Pamela , Fasano Alfonso , Kramer Daniel R. , Ojemann Steven G. , Kern Drew S.
Published: April 2023

Background

Technological advancements in deep brain stimulation (DBS) require methodological changes in programming. Fractionalization poses significant practical challenges for the most common approach for assessing DBS efficacy, monopolar review (MR).

Objectives

Two DBS programming methods: MR and fixed parameter vertical and horizontal fractionalization (FPF) were compared.

Methods

A two‐phase process of vertical and horizontal FPF was performed. MR was conducted thereafter. After a short wash‐out period, both optimal configurations determined by MR and FPF were tested in a double‐blind randomized manner.

Results

Seven PD patients were enrolled, providing 11 hemispheres to compare the two conditions. In all subjects, the blinded examiner selected a directional or fractionalization configuration. There was no significant difference in clinical benefits between MR and FPF. FPF was the preferred method for initial programming as selected by subject and clinician.

Conclusions

FPF programming is a viable and efficient methodology that may be incorporated into clinical practice.
Evidence based recommendations for perioperative vasopressor use and fluid resuscitation in microsurgery
Authors: Safeek Rachel , Bryan Jaimie , Heath Frederick , Satteson Ellen , Maurer Adrian , Safa Bauback , Sorice‐Virk Sarah
Published: April 2023

Blood pressure regulation is critical in patients undergoing microsurgical free tissue transfer; however, guidelines for addressing and preventing perioperative hypotension remain highly debated, with two current thought paradigms: (1) intravenous fluid administration with a balanced salt solution (e.g., lactate ringer and normal saline) and/or colloid (e.g., albumin) and (2) vasoactive pharmacological support with vasopressors (e.g., dobutamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine), with fluid administration being the preferred conventional approach. Here, we review the most up to date available literature and summarize currents perspectives and practices for fluid resuscitation and vasopressor use, while offering evidence‐based guidelines to each.
Curriculum framework to facilitate critical thinking skills of undergraduate nursing students: A cooperative inquiry approach
Authors: Boso Christian Makafui , van der Merwe Anita S. , Gross Janet
Published: April 2023

Aim

Critical thinking (CT) is vital in assisting nurses to function efficiently in the ever‐changing health care environment. A CT‐based curriculum framework provides the impetus necessary to drive the acquisition of CT skills of students. Yet, there is no known CT‐based framework contextualized to developing countries where seniority tradition is a norm. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a CT‐based curriculum framework to facilitate the development of CT skills of nursing students in developing countries.

Design

Cooperative inquiry.

Methods

Using purposive sampling, 11 participants comprising students, educators and preceptors developed a CT‐based curriculum framework.

Results

Findings were organized into a framework illustrating interconnected concepts required to foster CT skills of nursing students. These concepts include authentic student–facilitator partnership, a facilitator that makes a difference; a learner that is free to question and encouraged to reflect; a conducive and participatory learning environment; curriculum renewal processes and contextual realities.
Decision to employ retired nurses to work in senior care businesses: A qualitative study
Authors: Kaewpan Wonpen , Rojpaisarnkit Kunwadee , Tongvichean Sulee , Kaewwilai Lalita , Keawpan Thapanut
Published: April 2023

Aims

This paper aimed to explore the views of employers at senior care businesses concerning the employment of retired nurses in Thailand.

Design

A qualitative interview study was conducted.

Methods

Face‐to‐face and online semi‐structured interviews with 78 senior care business employers were conducted.

Results

Business employers had positive sentiments towards employing retired nurses to deliver care and supported them to remain in the profession. Business employers acknowledged that retired nurses have a high level of professional confidence with excellent knowledge and skills. Furthermore, retired nurses were often assigned to work in managerial roles. In addition, flexibility in terms of work hours, suitability of role and responsibilities, and reasonable compensation rates were important to nurses' decisions to remain in or return to the nursing profession. There is a need for the further development of recruitment, retention and reform policies to encourage retired nurses to continue or return to the nursing profession.

Patient and Public Contributions

We thank all participants for their valuable input throughout the study.
The Feasibility Study of Intraoperative RLN Monitoring Using Cricothyroid Membrane‐Inserted Needle Electrodes During Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Xu Chongwen , Wang Xiaoxia , Liu Junsong , Yan Jinfeng , Zhang Shaoqiang , Zheng Zhiwei , Zhao Qian , Feng Yi , Bai Yanxia , Zhao Ruimin , Li Honghui , Yao Xiaobao
Published: April 2023

Objective

This study evaluated the feasibility, stability, safety, and economy of cricothyroid membrane (CM)‐inserted needle electrodes for recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring.

Study Design

Parallel and controlled study.

Setting

Clinical research center for thyroid diseases of Shaanxi province.

Methods

A total of 64 patients in the needle electrodes group (104 recurrent laryngeal nerves [RLNs]) and 44 patients in the endotracheal tube (ETT)‐based electrodes group (80 RLNs) underwent monitored thyroidectomy. The evoked electromyography (EMG) signals detected by the 2 electrodes were recorded and analyzed. The changes in EMG during Berry's ligament traction and tracheal displacement were compared. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopy within 1 week.

Results

Both electrodes successfully recorded typical evoked laryngeal EMG waveforms from RLNs. The needle electrodes recorded relatively higher amplitudes and similar latencies compared to ETT‐based electrodes. The evoked EMG signals attributed to needle electrodes could accurately predict the function of RLNs with 100% sensitivity and specificity. The reduction in the recorded amplitudes attributed to needle electrodes was higher than that observed with ETT‐based electrodes during Berry's ligament traction or trachea displacement, whereas a similar increase in the latencies was recorded in the 2 groups. Particularly, Berry's ligament traction was more likely to lead to EMG amplitude reduction and latency prolongation. The needle electrodes group recorded 2 cases of minor bleeding on the CM. The needle electrodes were more cost‐effective than ETT‐based electrodes.

Conclusion

The CM‐inserted needle electrodes are feasible, stable, safe, and economical for RLN monitoring, and they provide an alternative novel intraoperative neural monitoring format for thyroid surgeons.
Utility of Intraoperative Radiographs in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Surgery
Authors: Savoca Emily , Smith Brandon , Shaffer Amber D. , Kitsko Dennis , Chi David
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the role of intraoperative radiographs to confirm electrode position following pediatric cochlear implantation (CI).

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Single tertiary care pediatric center.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted, including all pediatric patients undergoing CI at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh over a 13‐year period.

Results

We identified 326 patients undergoing 492 procedures. Across the cohort, there were 7 cases that required intraoperative electrode reinsertion due to malposition or presumed malposition. For 6 of the 7 cases, intraoperative X‐ray identified electrode malposition. Neural response telemetry (NRT) testing was also abnormal for 4 of these cases prior to reinsertion. Implantation of Cochlear's Slim Modiolar electrode was associated with an abnormal perioperative X‐ray (odds ratio [OR]: 9.2, p = 0.03) and increased change in management (OR: 9.2, p = 0.03) compared to Cochlear's Contour Advance (CA). Incidence of abnormal X‐rays was 1.24% overall, 4% in the Slim Modiolar group, and 0.3% in the CA group. The Slim Modiolar electrode accounted for 4 of 7 cases requiring reinsertion, and in all 4 of these cases, electrode fold‐over was identified on the X‐ray. NRT was normal in 1 of these 4 cases.

Conclusion

The use of Cochlear's Slim Modiolar electrode was associated with a significantly increased risk of abnormal intraoperative X‐ray compared to the CA electrode. Given the risk of fold‐over with routine insertion and normal electrical testing using the Slim Modiolar electrode, we recommend routine use of intraoperative skull X‐ray to confirm electrode position.
The seed transcriptome of Rafflesia reveals horizontal gene transfer and convergent evolution: Implications for conserving the world's largest flower
Authors: Molina Jeanmaire , Wicaksono Adhityo , Michael Todd P. , Kwak Su‐Hwan , Pedales Ronniel D. , Joly‐Lopez Zoé , Petrus Semar , Mamerto Allen , Tomek Brian , Ahmed Sumaya , Maddu Venkatasivasankar , Yakubova Kristina , Tandang Danilo , Morin Joseph W. , Park So‐Yon , Lee Hyun‐Oh , McLaughlin William , Wallick Kyle , Adams James , Novy Ari , Pell Susan , Purugganan Michael D.
Published: April 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Rafflesia is a genus of parasitic plants with the largest flowers in the world, unique to the threatened forest habitats of tropical Asia. Here, we report on genes that are active (the transcriptome) in Rafflesia seeds as part of a larger effort to understand Rafflesia. Rafflesia has never been grown successfully outside of its native range. Consequently, seed banking is not yet possible, precluding a critical management strategy for conservation. The study of Rafflesia seed biology is a critical step to improve its cultivation, which will educate the public about unique species and the importance of conserving their habitats.

Rafflesia is of great interest as one of the only two plants known to have completely lost its chloroplast genome. Rafflesia is a holoparasite and an endophyte that lives inside the tissues of its host, a tropical grape vine (Tetrastigma), emerging only to bloom—with the largest flower of any plant. Here, we report the first Rafflesia seed transcriptome and compare it with those of other plants to deepen our understanding of its extraordinary life history.

We assembled a transcriptome from RNA extracted from seeds of the Philippine endemic Rafflesia speciosa and compared this with those of other plants, including Arabidopsis, parasitic plants Striga and Cuscuta, and the mycoheterotrophic orchid Anoectochilus.

Genetic and metabolic seed pathways in Rafflesia were generally similar to the other plant species. However, there were some notable exceptions. We found evidence of horizontal transfer of a gene potentially involved in circumventing host defenses. Moreover, we identified a possible convergence among parasitic plants because Rafflesia, Striga, and Cuscuta shared important similarities. We were unable to find evidence of genes involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis, suggesting that mycoheterotrophy is unlikely to play a role in Rafflesia parasitism.

To date, ex situ propagation of Rafflesia by seed has been mostly unsuccessful. Our research is a bold step forward in understanding the fundamentals of Rafflesia seed biology that will inform the continued propagation and seed‐banking efforts concerning this recalcitrant plant. We discuss our findings in the broader context of the conservation of a genus in peril.
Feasibility, acceptability, and behavioral outcomes of a multimodal intervention for prostate cancer patients: Experience from the MARTINI lifestyle program
Authors: Thederan Imke , Pott Aliaksandra , Krueger Alexander , Chandrasekar Thenappan , Tennstedt Pierre , Knipper Sophie , Tilki Derya , Heinzer Hans , Schulz Karl‐Heinz , Makarova Nataliya , Zyriax Birgit‐Christiane
Published: April 2023

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in men. The potential benefit of a healthy lifestyle contrasts sharply with the observed poor adherence to current international lifestyle guidelines. Thus, well‐designed sustainable interventions of aftercare that can be translated into routine practice are highly recommended. The present pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a multimodal lifestyle intervention program in PCa patients after radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods

In a single‐arm study, carried out at the Martini‐Klinik of the University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf, Germany, 59 eligible men with locally advanced PCa were recruited within 3−6 months after RP and assigned to a multimodal lifestyle program. The program consisted of 10 weekly 6−7 h course days, with a focus on dietary control, physical activity (per World Cancer Research Fund recommendations) and psychological support. Primary objectives were feasibility, acceptability, completion rate, and safety. In addition, changes in lifestyle, psychological well‐being, clinical and laboratory values were assessed. The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (No. DRK S00015288 [MARTINI‐Lifestyle‐cohort] [www.germanctr.de]).

Results

A high program acceptance was observed. Only three participants (5%) dropped out of the program prematurely. Personal feedback reflected appreciation for participation, personal gain through new knowledge and through the group experience. Without exception, all participants have taken part in follow‐up examinations and no adverse events or incidents occurred. In addition, changes in lifestyle habits, clinical parameters and improved quality of life were detected.

Conclusion

The MARTINI lifestyle program appears feasible and safe, and acceptance of the multimodal intervention was high among PCa patients. These encouraging results favor conducting a large multicenter trial to implement the program into routine practice and to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention on survival and quality of life.
Solution NMR structure of cementum protein 1 derived peptide (CEMP1‐p1) and its role in the mineralization process
Authors: Campos Mikado Nidome , Giraldo Estefanía López , del Rio Portilla Federico , Fernández‐Velasco Daniel Alejandro , Arzate Higinio , Romo‐Arévalo Enrique
Published: April 2023

We report the characterization of the three‐dimensional structure of the CEMP1‐p1 peptide [MGTSSTDSQQAQHRRCSTSN: corresponding to residues 1–20 of the N‐terminus of cementum protein 1 (CEMP1)]. This peptide imitates the capacity of CEMP1 to stimulate hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal nucleation and growth, and promotes the differentiation of periodontal ligament cells into a cementoblastic phenotype. Additionally, in experimental models of critical‐sized calvarial defects in Wistar rats, CEMP1‐p1 has shown osteogenic properties that enhanced the physiological deposition and maturation of newly formed bone. In this work, studies of CEMP1‐p1 by circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were performed in trifluoroethanol D2 (TFED2) and aqueous solution to determine the 3D structure of the peptide. Using the 3D model, experimental data from HA crystals formation and calcium fluorescence emission, we explain the biological mechanisms involved in CEMP1‐p1 activity to promote calcium recruitment and its affinity to HA crystals. This information is valuable because it proposes, for the first time, a plausible molecular mechanism during the mineralization process, from a specific cementum protein‐derived peptide.
Rapidly progressive respiratory failure due to antisynthetase syndrome related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Almubarek Marwan , Boy Darryl P. , Lalla Usha , Allwood Brian W. , Irusen Elvis M. , Koegelenberg Coenraad F. N.
Published: April 2023

A 65‐year‐old female was admitted with rapidly progressive respiratory failure requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. She was considered to have an infective exacerbation of underlying interstitial lung disease (ILD). She improved on antibiotics, but the interstitial process progressed rapidly, and she could not be weaned. An antimyositis antibody panel yielded a strongly positive anti‐Jo‐1 and anti‐Ro 52. A diagnosis of antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) associated ILD, a very rare disease with high mortality, was made. She was managed with high‐dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and was eventually liberated from mechanical ventilation. This case highlights the importance of considering ASS in an otherwise unexplained rapidly progressive ILD requiring mechanical ventilation.
Ecological impact assessment of dam construction: A case study of Diamer Basha Dam Gilgit‐Baltistan, Pakistan
Authors: Shahab Asfandyar , Bohnett Eve , Ahmad Bilal , Rashid Audil , Hayat Muhammad , Alam Naveed
Published: April 2023

Dam construction poses significant ecological impact, both during the initial construction phase and long after the dam is completed. The Diamer Basha Dam, situated on the River Indus in the Gilgit‐Baltistan district of Pakistan, is receiving significant attention due to the ecological consequences of the proposed and ongoing construction. The Dam is a 272‐m‐tall reservoir with a 9867.912 Mm3 (million cubic meter) capacity and will be the world's highest roller compact concrete dam. The assessment of local ecological impacts was compiled in a checklist and matrices format to discuss the impacts on the status of species diversity in the study area. Using a random sample methodology, line transects, and quadrats were employed to evaluate phytosociological properties of vegetation. The floral parameters recorded were percent cover, species richness, vegetation composition, frequency, and density. The ecological analysis included principal component analysis to compare the distributions of sustained and lost vegetation in response to water flow variables. This research showed that several plant species withstand periods of high peak flow, like Salix tetrasperma, Rumex dentatis, Trifolium resupinatum, and Polygonum. Additionally, visual observations, plot surveys, transects, and published reports were used to compile the faunal data used to determine habitat distribution. According to the analysis, immediate effects of dam construction activities such as blasting, quarrying, and traffic noise cause severe disturbances to existing biodiversity and habitats with high ecological vulnerability, and have long‐term effects on ecological integrity and environmental health in downstream and upstream habitats. The study presents the present status of biological and ecological conditions, as a baseline reference datum for a comparative analysis of the changes caused by the dam's construction.