bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obraz kobiety wykorzenionej w prozie nowohebrajskiej na przykładzie opowiadań Icchaka Dowa Berkowicza
Authors: Jaworska Agata
Published: December 2021

An Image of an Uprooted Woman in New Hebrew Prose on the Basis of Short Stories by Isaac Dov Berkowitz
The uprooted hero is one of the leading themes in Hebrew prose at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It also occupies a central place in the stories of Isaac Dov Berkowitz. The uproot metaphor reflects the hero’s alienation in many aspects of life. In a broader sense, it is a reaction to the sense of suspension between the traditions of their ancestors and the progressive secularization of their world. The exceptions are stories whose protagonist is an uprooted female figure. This is a unique phenomenon considering the lower hierarchical position of women in Judaism and the limited access to religious and secular literaturęat the time. The female uprooting results from other factors. Women do not follow science or ideology, they want to free themselves from the norms of Jewish customs, escape loneliness and experience individualism. The objective of the paper is to present the image of Berkowitz’s heroines and compare them from the perspective of alienation. The starting point for consideration is the classification of the uprooted and the division of Berkowitz’s heroes according to Nurit Govrin and variants of the uprooting by Simon Halkin.
Prawo ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego. Quo vadis?
Authors: Szafrański Wojciech , Lasik Piotr
Published: December 2021

Heritage protection law. Quo vadis?

Heritage protection law is one of the youngest branches of law. It is still developing, like a child on its way to adulthood. By using the parallel narrative between the chosen literary works for children (The Snow Queen by Ch. Andersen, The Chronicles of Narnia by C.S. Lewis, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L.F. Baume and Pippi Longstocking by A. Lindgren) and future challenges for heritage law, the authors aim to present different directions of development relating to heritage identity, extending the field of protection by law (by encompassing intangible heritage and other areas), valuation of heritage, and the problem of bringing heritage to the public domain and the reverse process.
Własność znalezisk – wybrane zagadnienia związane z cywilnoprawną sytuacją poszukiwacza zabytków
Authors: Zalasińska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Ownership of finds – selected issues related to the civil law situation of a monument finder

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the civil law situation applying to those who acquire a find in Poland (i.e. finders). Legislators have differentiated the civil and legal situation of a finder depending on whether the find is, in particular, a historical monument or an archaeological monument. The regulations governing the ownership of finds have a direct impact on the level of their legal protection. This applies especially to archaeological monuments owned by the State Treasury. The elimination of risks associated with the illegal export and transfer of ownership of archaeological artefacts acquired as a result of an illegal search should result not only from regulations of an administrative and legal nature, which are discussed in the article, but also to ensure the security of the trade in cultural goods by regulating the functioning of the art market in Poland.
Modern urban and architectural solutions as an answer for the progressive aging of society
Authors: Poluk Dominika
Published: December 2021

Modern urban and architectural solutions as an answer for the progressive aging of society

The phenomenon of aging societies all over the world is getting significantly bigger in size. This stage of life will affect each of us to a lesser or greater extent, which is why it is so important to undertake large-scale actions that will enable active, peaceful and, above all, safe and dignified experience of old age. Investing in older social groups is, in fact, an action beyond generations, ensuring current younger generations with decent living conditions and a safe environment in the future. This article aims to analyze the forms of housing for older people in the world, taking into account their problems and needs. The most important aspects of the issue, which guided the execution of the assumptions, will be identified. These aspects should be taken into account when creating new senior architectural and urban solutions.
KLİNİK SOSYAL HİZMET (KSH) VE EĞİTİMİNE İLİŞKİN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: TOPTAŞ Tuğba , KALAYCI KIRLIOĞLU Huriye İrem
Published: December 2021

Psikiyatrik sosyal hizmetin uygulama alanlarından biri olarak değerlendirilen klinik sosyal hizmet birey, aile ve grup düzeyinde müdahaleler ve kişiler arası ve çevreden kaynaklanan problemlerin üstesinden gelme konusunda insanlara yardım eden ve onların sosyal işlevselliğine katkıda bulunmaya odaklanan, birey, çift, aile ve grup danışmanlığı içermektedir. Türkiye’de klinik sosyal hizmet alanında lisansüstü eğitim programına sahip sadece iki üniversite (Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi ve Başkent Üniversitesi) bulunmaktadır. Bu anlamda ülkemizde klinik sosyal hizmet genel anlamda değerlendirildiğinde, yeterli yasal zemin olmamasından ötürü yeterince kurumsallaşamadığı söylenebilir. Eğitim açısından sosyal hizmette genelci yaklaşımın benimsendiği ve klinik odaklı eğitim anlayışının lisansüstünde var olduğu tespit edilmesine rağmen klinik sosyal hizmet eğitimi gelişiminin başlarından olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bu çalışmada, günümüzde klinik sosyal hizmet ve klinik sosyal hizmet eğitimi alanındaki mevcut durum, bu alanın gelişmiş bir şekilde yoğun uygulama imkânı bulduğu Amerika Birleşik Devleri (ABD) örneği üzerinden ele alınmaya çalışılacaktır.
Missense variant in interleukin-6 signal transducer identified as susceptibility locus for rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese patients
Authors: Pang Leong Khai , Yun Yong Mei , Ling Goh Liuh , Mun Woo Chia , Wei Lim Chia , Koh Ee Tzun
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to uncover variants of large effect size and allele frequency below 5% by sequencing all extant genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a homogeneous patient cohort.

Patients and methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2001 and December 2017. We selected Chinese RA patients positive for anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA). All the 128 known candidate genes identified through genome-wide association studies were sequenced in 48 RA patients (15 males, 33 females; mean age 53.32±8.98 years; range, 32 to 75 years) and 45 controls (11 males, 34 females; mean age 32.18±9.54; range, 21 to 57 years). The exonic regions of these genes were sequenced. The resultant data were analyzed for association using single variant association and pathway-based association enrichment tests. The genetic burden due to low-frequency variants was assessed with the C-alpha test. The candidate variants that showed significant association were validated in a larger cohort of 500 RA cases (71 males, 429 females; mean age 48.6±12.2 years; range, 24 to 92 years) and 500 controls (66 males, 434 females; mean age 32.3±10.1 years; range, 21 to 73 years).

Results: Thirty-nine variants in 21 genes were identified using single variant association analysis and C-alpha test, with stepwise filtering. Among these, the missense variant in interleukin-6 signal transducer (IL-6ST) 5:55260065 (p.Cys47Phe) was significantly associated with RA in Chinese patients in Singapore.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that a mutation in IL-6ST (5:55260065) confers risk of RA in Chinese patients in Singapore.
Peer-led education or booklet for knowledge transfer about disease: A randomized-controlled trial with ankylosing spondylitis patients
Authors: Kaya Taciser , Atıcı Pınar , Göksel Karatepe Altınay , Günaydın Rezzan
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether peer-led group education + booklet is superior to booklet only to increase ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients’ knowledge about their disease.

Patients and methods: A total of 56 patients (46 males, 10 females; mean age 41.9±9.2 years; range, 22 to 58 years) with a definite diagnosis of AS who were under follow-up in our outpatient clinic between August 2010 and January 2012 were included in this study. The patients were randomly allocated to the peer-led education + booklet (education group, n=27) and booklet only (control group, n=29). To assess the level of patients’ knowledge, a patient knowledge questionnaire containing four domains was used. Evaluations were made at baseline, four weeks, and six months. The variables were “number of correct choices” (NoCC), “number of correct items” (NoCI) and percent of correct choices for each domain; the later one was resembled by the name of that domain (area A, area B, etc.).

Results: The variables that improved in both groups were NoCC, NoCI, and “pharmacotherapy and physical therapy area” (area C). These improvements were similar between the groups (respectively, p=0.915, p=0.830, p=0.791).

Conclusion: Reading a booklet alone is as successful as peer-led education + booklet for knowledge transfer about their disease in patients with AS. In this study, the most knowledge gain was achieved in “drug treatment and physical therapy” area.
Clinical and serological characteristics of systemic sclerosis: Experience of a tertiary care center in Pakistan
Authors: Asif Sadia , Khan Asadullah , Faiq Muhammad , Din Zia Ud , Zahoor Sarmad , Haroon Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the clinical and serological characteristics of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in Pakistani population.

Patients and methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study included a total of 38 patients (6 males, 32 females; mean age: 34.5±1.5 years; range, 16 to 60 years) with SSc who were admitted to our rheumatology clinic between November 2019 and January 2020. We evaluated the clinical, serological, and radiological features of SSc patients.

Results: Thirty-four (89.5%) patients developed Raynaud phenomenon at the time of disease onset, while sclerodactyly was found in 34 (89.5%), digital ulcers in 25 (65.8%), and tendon friction rub in 12 (31.6%) patients. Interstitial lung disease was present in 30 (78.9%) patients with a higher prevalence in diffuse scleroderma (100%) than in limited scleroderma (70%) (p=0.01). Pulmonary hypertension was present in 18 patients with a significantly higher prevalence in diffuse disease (57.1%) than limited disease (11.8%) (p<0.01). Thirty (78.9%) patients had impaired pulmonary function tests. Fibromyalgia was present in seven (18.4%) patients, and depression was present in 10 (26.3%) patients. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive in 30 (78.9%) patients. Anti-Scl-70 antibodies were present in 24 (63.2%) patients with a significant association with diffuse disease (85% vs. 35.3%, respectively; p<0.01). The anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) were present in 20 (52.6%) patients with a significantly higher rate in limited disease (94.2% vs. 19.0%, respectively; p<0.01).

Conclusion: Scleroderma has a female preponderance. Raynaud phenomenon is the most initial clinical feature followed by other manifestations of a variable course and disease severity.
Reseña: Prácticas de lectura y escritura en la era digital
Authors: González de la Torre Yolanda
Published: December 2021

Reseña del libro Prácticas de lectura y escritura en la era digital.
Concepción del talento desde una visión integradora
Authors: Mosquera Suárez Zuhey
Published: December 2021

El Talento se define como el alto desenvolvimiento que tiene un individuo en una o más áreas de desempeño humano, lo distingue de otro según sean sus potencialidades. Este término conlleva a la consideración de diversos aspectos en atención a todas aquellas aptitudes que manifiesta la persona. Ante lo dicho se presenta una indagación cualitativa –, que busca descubrir e interpretar ideas y reflexiones en relación al tema talento desde una visión integradora, por lo que se realiza una revisión exhaustiva que deja ver la apertura de pensamiento desde el acompañamiento de diversos aliados teóricos, como fuentes de información. Sus escritos físicos o virtuales son las unidades de análisis que permiten la visualización del talento desde una concepción más actual e integradora. Luego de la exploración investigativa se logra una apertura que vislumbra las ideas concebidas en relación al tema de estudio.
Del placer de leer y el juego literario
Authors: Araque Escalona Juan Carlos
Published: December 2021

El maestro tiene el compromiso ético y pedagógico de asumir la lectura como un arte, sea literaria o no pues actualmente debe valorarse la lectura desde un estadio menos excluyente. El mediador de la lectura debe de igual manera asumir el salón de clases como un espacio creativo en tanto diversión y felicidad colectiva, todo ello sabiendo que los lectores son tan diversos como lo es la literatura, de allí justamente los infinitos gustos por libros. La lectura en el aula conlleva procesos de profunda significación, la primera de ellas es la formación y ello no significa que el docente sea el único en enseñar pues el aula es el escenario en el que todos nos ayudamos y más aún donde todos somos maestros según sus capacidades y según las fortalezas. La lectura, finalmente es el antídoto más cónsono para relacionarse en un entorno en el que una parte muy importante de la población mundial se aleja hasta de sí mismo.
Sujeto corpóreo y los hábitos posturales: Axiología praxiológica en el docente universitario
Authors: Campos Ocanto Alejandro , Perdomo de Pérez Yarinés
Published: December 2021

La postura del sujeto corpóreo  debe ser pensada dentro de un proceso de movimiento dinámico, facilitada por la infinidad de posiciones que existen para conseguir una armonía funcional dentro del esquema de movimiento humano. El ensayo tiene el objetivo de describir y analizar documentalmente el ser corpóreo en correlación a sus hábitos posturales, desarrolla las concepciones de corporeidad, conciencia pre-reflexiva, imagen corporal,  postura corporal,  hábitos corporales y la axiología praxiológica del docente universitario. Concluye, que el dinamismo en la praxiología del docente universitario permite apreciar la dignidad de todos los cuerpos humanos que interactúan con él en la acción pedagógica. Él es digno desde su valoración genética y autonomía de crecimiento como unidad humana completa hasta que, en el despliegue de su libertad, puede alcanzar la genialidad axiológica en su hacer docente. Valorar su cuerpo da sentido de pertinencia en su praxiología docente, es la responsabilidad humana del ser corpóreo
The Importance Of Prophetic Medicine in the Modern Era
Authors: Dr. Ghazala Aleem
Published: December 2021

When a man was sent to the earth the first thing, he learnt was the understanding of medicine. The purpose of this knowledge was to protect the health at hand and to retain the health lost in the times of illness. This knowledge then progressed and reached to its highest level with the progress in human civilization.

The Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) spread the infinite knowledge of health, fitness, treatments, medications and cleanliness. For the treatments of various diseases, He (P.B.U.H) emphasized on natural remedies and preached meaningful prayers. His remedies were comprised of following characteristics;

1) Prophylaxis, Hygienics, Treatments, Abnegation and Affability towards ill

Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)’s methods of treatment were enlightened with Prophethood; therefore there can be no doubt in them not being beneficial. It is incumbent on us to accept with utmost religiosity the methods prescribed by our Prophet (P.B.U.H) and to have firm faith that the health can be achieved and retained upon following these methods.

In this modern era Prophet ’s Medicine is 1400 years old and is still valuable and beneficial for the treatment and cure for mankind
An Apparition of Innovational Electoral System for Islamic Democracy:
Authors: Alam Dr Syed Aftab , Bilal Arifa
Published: December 2021

The spirit of true or bad political system can be judged on the basis of transparency, accountability and people-empowerment of its Electoral System. Socio-Political philosophy sketches a candidate for state-governing services should be chaste, learned, genial & well-wisher of humanity and a voter should not be a constrained one.

In Pakistan, by rules, an election candidate can contest even from jail, in many constituencies, being too old to death or publically alleged, corrupt, absconder. They need to win election on the power of wealth so after win, they looted public properties. Gradually, due to this coercing atmosphere, almost majority of elected members become quite selfish. Contrarily, a voter cannot vote from Jail, more than one even being so learned or capable or poise. A voter has to caste vote for any one of constant rather he/she does not like them or even a voter can’t caste against them. So it is declared that Pakistani voter is constrained.

Ceasing of these candidature gangs and removal of constrained-ness of Pakistani voters is the most essential phase of Pakistani Politics for a transparent, accountable and people-empowered democracy in Pakistan which is analyzed through Islamic Injunctions also.

It is needed to develop such innovative Electoral System in which, a selfish person can’t be a contestant and a voter should not be constrained or bound. After a thorough study of electoral frameworks of developed countries, an apparition of revolutionary electoral system has been framed in this article.
Patterns of Peaceful Cooperation in Medieval Muslim Medina and Its Relevance to the Present
Authors: Hassan Farooq
Published: December 2021

The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) managed to reconcile multi-tribal, multi-religious society of Medina by treating people with dignity and honour. He created a society without racism and racial superiority; it brought various faiths and flavors together and helped to remove barriers of tribal biases. The Prophet used nonviolent methods to resist those who persecuted him and considered peacemaking to be more effective than aggression and violence. Despite some clashes that took place between Muslims and Jews during domestic security arrangements in Medina, the Prophet (PBUH) welcomed the increasing racial and ethnic diversity and engaged in linguistic and cultural interactions. People of all colors felt safer under Muslim rule because there was no racism against blacks and no concept of white and Arab supremacy, Islamic philosophy has only two categories of human beings (believers and unbelievers). Dialogue begins when people meet each other and depends upon mutual understanding that is why the Prophet (PBUH) had frequent social interactions with people of different backgrounds and to improve the quality of relationships within local community, the Prophet (PBUH) explored different tools. This paper discusses the Prophet's (PBUH) attitude towards other communities and the nature of religious accommodation and coexistence.
GHAZALI'S PHILOSOPHY OF REALITY, IMPORTANCE AND PURPOSE OF RELIGION
Authors: Abdul Rasheed
Published: December 2021

"The history of religion is as old as the world itself. That is why from Hazrat Adam to date, we find no age without divine guidance.Guidance is necessary for all human beings as the Creator of the universe, Almighty Allah addressed the first human couple while sending it to this earth:"We said," Get down from here, all of you. So, whenever 'the guidance' from ME comes to you; and whoever follows MY' guidance', they do not have to fear and they do not have to regret".Meaning: "Gm here; ate you down all frond if, as is sure, there comes to you guidance from Me, whosoever follows My guidance, on them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve". It means the success of Allah's vicegerents, human beings, depends on their following the laws given by the creator of this world.
Workaway
Authors: Moses Jonathon W.
Published: December 2021

This agenda-setting book argues that the process of market integration in Europe has undermined the power and influence of European workers and generated significant human costs. In starting from the position of labour, this book offers an alternative approach which balances the needs of justice and efficiency.
Становление и развитие пенитенциарных учреждений
Екатеринодара (вторая половина ХIХ – начало ХХ вв.)
Authors: Изюмская Ирина
Published: December 2021

Введение: в статье рассмотрены предпосылки зарождения тюремных учреждений на Кубани, особенности их становления в Екатеринодаре – центре Кубанской области, образованной в 1860 г. На основе осмысления современного состояния изученности проблемы и анализа архивных материалов показано влияние государственно-правовых реформ 1860–1870-х гг. на строительство новых и расширение действующих тюремных учреждений, изучены условия содержания в них заключенных, раскрыта роль Екатеринодарского войскового тюремного комитета Общества попечительного о тюрьмах в развитии пенитенциарных учреждений Екатеринодара в таких приоритетных направлениях деятельности, как устройство мест заключения и обеспечение необходимого режима содержания, контроль за обеспечением бытовых условий арестантов, улучшение медицинского обслуживания арестантов и пр. Цель: отразить особенности развития пенитенциарных учреждений в целом на Кубани и в Екатеринодаре в частности. Методологическую основу исследования составляют философские, общенаучные и частнонаучные методы диалектический, системно-структурный, историко-генетический, сравнительный, формально-юридический и др.). Обсуждение: в статье на основе краткого анализа работ Н. И. Галкиной, Н. В. Славинского, М. К. Батчаевой, С. А. Лобовой и др., затрагивающих исследуемую проблематику, а также изучения материалов, содержащихся в фондах
Государственного архива Краснодарского края, освещаются вопросы становления
и эволюции тюремных учреждений на Кубани в рассматриваемых хронологических рамках. Результаты: в связи с получением в 1867 г. Екатеринодаром статуса гражданского города произошло резкое увеличение приезжего населения, что повлекло рост количества преступлений и, соответственно, числа лиц, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы. Данное обстоятельство явилось причиной расширения действующих тюремных учреждений и строительства новых, в частности Екатеринодарской областной тюрьмы. В связи с образованием в 1867 г. Екатеринодарского войскового тюремного комитета Общества попечительного о тюрьмах, в чьем ведении находились все пенитенциарные учреждения Кубани, удалось достичь определенных успехов в деле тюремного попечительства в рамках своей компетенции. Развитие попечительства по отношению к заключенным следует считать одним из механизмов, решавших задачу улучшения положения арестантов. Финансовую основу этой деятельности составляли казенные и частные благотворительные средства. Также отмечается, что для тюрем Кубани остро стояли проблемы, присущие всей пенитенциарной системе: недостаточное финансирование, неприспособленность тюремных помещений (переполненность), тяжелые условия содержания.
О видах исправительных учреждений
Authors: Савушкин Сергей
Published: December 2021

Введение. В связи с различной плотностью населения в Российской Федерации и размерами ее территории исправительные учреждения должны представлять единую систему, в рамках которой они были бы взаимосвязаны и взаимозаменяемы. В условиях наличия большого количества видов и подвидов исправительных учреждений возможность взаимозамены ослабевает. Проблемы, связанные с качеством обеспечения внутренней изоляции осужденных, оказывают существенное влияние на уровень преступности и пенитенциарную безопасность, что вынуждает практику исполнения наказания в виде лишения свободы более гибко использовать нормы о раздельном содержании осужденных для достижения целей и задач уголовно-исполнительного законодательства. Методы: при проведении исследования использовался диалектический метод познания объективной реальности,
метод моделирования, логический, формально-юридический, системный методы. Результаты и обсуждение: постоянно меняющийся социально-криминологический портрет преступника и уровень преступности вынуждают законодателя пересматривать уголовно-правовые и уголовно-сполнительные критерии дифференциации осужденных к лишению свободы. Указанные причины сказываются и на групповой дифференциации, происходящей в процессе распределения осужденных по общежитиям (камерам) внутри исправительного учреждения. Уровень преступности в отдельном субъекте Российской Федерации и изменения уголовной политики государства требуют перепрофилирования исправительных учреждений в целом. Система исправительных учреждений не должна преимущественно зависеть от уголовно-правовых критериев осужденных к лишению свободы и меняющейся уголовной политики государства, но в то же время ведомственное регулирование не
должно расширять законодательно установленную систему исправительных учреждений. Выводы: законодателем установлен широкий перечень видов исправительных учреждений для осужденных к лишению свободы. Отдаленность некоторых из них от мест жительства осужденных в определенной мере как положительно, так и отрицательно влияет на их социальные связи, что сказывается на эффективности реализации целей и задач уголовно-исполнительного законодательства.
Formation and Development of Penitentiary Institutions in Yekaterinodar (Second Half of the 19th–Early 20th Centuries)
Authors: Izyumskaya Irina
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the article is devoted to the historic background of the prison system
in the Kuban and features of the prison institutions formation in Yekaterinodar – the
center of the Kuban Oblast, formed in 1860. The article, based on the comprehension of
historical experience and analysis of archival materials, shows the impact of the 1860–
1870 state-legal reforms on construction of new and enlargement of current prisons
and studies the specifics of prisoner detention conditions. It reveals the role of the
Yekaterinodar Military Prison Committee “Prisons Custody Society” in enhancement of
Yekaterinodar’s penitentiary institutions: organization of places of detention and provision of the necessary detention regime; control over detainee’s welfare; improvement of medical care for prisoners, etc. Purpose: to reflect development features of penitentiary institutions in the Kuban as a whole and Yekaterinodar in particular. The methodological basis of the research consists of philosophical, general scientific and private scientific methods (dialectical, system-structural, historical-genetic, comparative, formal-legal, etc.). Discussion: based on a brief analysis of the works of N.I. Galkina, N.V. Slavinskii, M.K. Batchayeva, S.A. Lobova, etc., devoted to the issues under consideration, as well as the study of materials contained in the funds of the State Archive of Krasnodar Territory, the author presents chronological background of formation and development of the Kuban prison institutions. As a result of the conducted research, the researcher comes to the following conclusion: since Yekaterinodar acquired the status of a civil city in 1867, there was a sharp increase in out-of-town visitors, which led to a rise in the number of crimes and, accordingly, persons serving sentences in the form of imprisonment. It involvedthe expansion of existing prison facilities and construction of new ones, in particular, the Yekaterinodar regional prison in 1876. The establishment of the Yekaterinodar Military Prison ommittee “Prisons Custody Society” in 1867, which was in charge of the entire Kuban penitentiary system, helped achieve some success in prison guardianship within its competence. The development of guardianship in relation to prisoners should be considered one of the mechanisms that solved the problem of improving prisoners’ situation. This activity was financed by state and private charitable funds. The author also notes that the Kuban prisons addressed acute problems, characteristic, however, of the entire penitentiary system, such as insufficient funding of prison facilities, unsuitability of
prison facilities, i.e. overcrowding, and harsh detention conditions.
Intellectual Nature of Law in the Basic Concepts of Understanding Law
Authors: Kosykh Aleksei
Published: December 2021

Introduction: formation of legal norms and their transformation, creation of the legal
system, specialization and sectoral differentiation of legal norms indicate constant
qualitative, intellectually grounded development of law. In the article the author analyzes basic concepts of understanding law (natural, historical, psychological, normative, Marxist, of anthropological approach) in order to determine the essence (nature) of law. The study of essential foundations of law is a fundamental task not only for the theory of law and state, but also for other sciences (philosophy of law, sociology of law, history of legal doctrines). The purpose of the work is to study an intellectual nature of law on the basis of analysis of various concepts of understanding law. Methods: the author’s key conclusions and findings are based on the use of materialistic dialectics in comparative legal, sociological and historical methods. Discussions: it is noteworthy that in each concept of understanding law, intelligence (mind, reason, common sense) is considered by scientists as an integral element of the process of legal education. Conclusions: taking into account the stated above, the author proposes to consider law within the framework of an anthropological approach as a result of human intellectual activity not only by its origin, but also by its essential basis, its nature. The author puts forward the thesis that law is the result of intelligence-based thinking activity of a person and suggests the author’s definition of law.
Serial Murders
Authors: Antonyan Yurii
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the article is devoted to very dangerous crimes that can be both sexual
and non-sexual in nature. It provides key characteristics of serial killers, especially sexual ones, and discloses their criminal behavior. Purpose: uncovering of internal causes of such offenses through criminals’ motivation and external contributing factors. Consideration of motivation is reasonable, as motives contain motivating forces of behavior, its personal meaning, i.e. what these criminal actions are committed for, what is their subjective benefit for the individual. Discussion: rapes and murders committed with extreme cruelty, violence against children and causing them serious injuries, various kinds of sexual perversions have always caused natural disgust, and consequently, unwillingness to engage in direct study of the identity of offenders. The article is based on the study of personality and behavior carried out by the author himself. Results the author identifies main features defining the specifics of serial murders, such as frequency of committing crimes; cliched nature of
criminal acts; crime commission in conditions of non-obviousness; manifestation of a
special externally unmotivated cruelty. The researcher classifies causes of serial murders, such as need for revenge; a way of self-affirmation; concealing traces of other crimes; purging humanity of immoral personalities, dishonoring the human race; psychological dependence on criminals’ own behavior; connection with some religious cults.
Complex Correctional Institutions at the Present Stage of Reforming the Penal Enforcement System of the Russian Federation
Authors: Yuzhanin Vyacheslav , Gorban’ Dmitrii
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the article is devoted to the creation of correctional institutions of
combined type with regard to the current penal enforcement legislation and the Concept for the development of the penal enforcement system of the Russian Federation up to 2030. The foundation of correctional institutions of this type corresponds to the modern penal enforcement policy of the Russian Federation, but requires scientific study. The relevance of the presented article is also determined by modern trends in penitentiary science and practice. Purpose: on the basis of generalization and analysis of official statistical data, theoretical and scientific sources, findings and approaches of scientists-penitentiaries, to comprehensively reveal the prospects for establishing institutions of combined type at the current stage of the RF penal enforcement system development. Methods: the dialectical method of scientific cognition was used when writing a scientific article. The following scientific methods of cognition were also applied: comparative law, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, and statistical. Results: in the course of the study and based on its results, the authors developed a theoretical model of a complex correctional institution (institution of combined type), which includes separate areas proposed and scientifically justified by the authors. Each area of the combined type institution selected by the authors is described separately and in detail. The theoretical model of a complex correctional
institution (institution of combined type) corresponds to the provisions of the current
legislation, as well as the prospects for its development up to 2030, and also widens and complements them. Conclusions: in order to capture correctional facilities of a combined type in the RF penal enforcement legislation, it is proposed to enshrine the theoretical model of a complex correctional institution proposed by the authors in the corresponding articles.
Current State of the Personnel Management System of the Penal Enforcement System
Authors: Brykov Denis
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the article analyzes a current state of the personnel management system
in the penal enforcement system, which developed after the adoption of the Federal Law
No. 197-FZ dated July 19, 2018 “On service in the penal enforcement system of the Russian
Federation and on amendments to the law of the Russian Federation “On institutions
and bodies executing criminal penalties in the form of deprivation of liberty”. Purpose:
to analyze key elements of the system of organizing work with personnel in the penal
enforcement system and propose measures to improve it. Methods: the comparative legal
method and the theoretical method of formal and dialectical logic were used. The specific
sociological method was also applied when collecting and analyzing information received
from students taking Higher Academic Courses at the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary
Service of Russia. Results: the personnel function is one of the most important elements
of penal system performance. Activities of personnel units requires appropriate legal
regulation not only in terms of work with personnel of the penal enforcement system, but
also internal organizational activities of human resources departments themselves. The
most attention is required in the areas, such as recruitment, professional training, service,
organization of work with a talent pool, termination of service. Conclusions: it is difficult
to determine a legal status of structural subdivisions of the personnel departments in
territorial bodies of the penal enforcement system due to the problem of distributing
functions among structural subdivisions and legal consolidation of the organization of
systems and information flows, as well as regulation of certain types of personnel work.
To solve this problem, it is advisable to improve regulations on structural subdivisions of
personnel departments and programs for regular training of succession pool members,
etc.
Modernization Issues of Staffing the Penal Enforcement System in the Context of Formation of an Administrative Constitutionalism Doctrine in Modern Russia
Authors: Nagornykh Roman , Vasil'eva Yana , Mel'nikova Nataliya
Published: December 2021

Introduction: today the state policy in the sphere of public service and PES staffing is focused on providing penitentiary institutions with competent and skilled specialists capable of performing state tasks in the field of execution of criminal penalties in difficult conditions. The processes of formation and development of the staffing system, meeting modern needs of the state and society development, are due to a variety of political, social, economic, legal and organizational factors that have both external and internal effects on its functioning. Neutralization of negative factors is possible only by increasing the efficiency of management activities in the PES as a whole and staffing in particular. The purpose of this article is to identify key directions for elaboration of administrative legislation in the field of public service and staffing the penal enforcement system in the framework of a new stage of constitutional transformations in modern Russia. The methodological basis of the work is formed by general scientific and private scientific (logical-legal, comparative-legal, descriptive, content analysis) methods of cognition of legal reality. Conclusions: the proposed directions for the formation of a theoretical doctrine of public service and PES staffing on the basis of integrative legal understanding of processes and phenomena of social development, improvement of administrative legislation on public service in the PES through its further constitutionalization, development of personnel policy through the adoption of the Concept for personnel policy in the penal enforcement system will lead to a systematic change in the mechanism of staffing the penal enforcement system, strengthening its resistance to countering threats of a criminal nature, and enhance performance of penitentiary institutions in general. The scientific and practical significance of the work consists in substantiating practical proposals for improving current administrative legislation in the field of public service and PES activities.
Experience in Developing and Testing a Model Program for Psychological and Educational Work with Persons Convicted of Terrorist and Extremist Crimes
Authors: Shamsunov Salikh , Kazberov Pavel
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the steady increase in the number of the suspected, accused and
convicted of terrorism and extremism, as well as cases of their participation in various
emergencies, necessitates a personal, targeted approach to correctional psychological
and educational work with them. The need for an individual approach, including in
psychological and educational work with those convicted of terrorism and extremism,
is also indicated by regulatory legal documents, in particular the Order of the Federal
Penitentiary Service of Russia No. 1111 dated November 24, 2017 “On the organization
of events on countering terrorism, extremist activity in penal enforcement institutions
and bodies”. Study purpose: determination of the effectiveness of the tested model
program for psychological correction of personality of persons convicted of terrorism and extremism-related crimes. Research methods: psychodiagnostics methods: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) “Time perspective of convicts”, multidimensional self-attitude research questionnaire, a psychodiagnostic method “Life-purpose orientations”; a method for testing the program developed; a method for identifying statistical differences – the Student’s t-test; a method for comparative analysis of the psychodiagnostics results obtained following the testing results. Results: validation of the reliability of statistical differences with the help of the Student’s t-test determined the absence of significant changes in the indicators of convicts in the control group. Meaningful changes were observed in the indicators of convicts of the experimental group with the help of the following methods: ZTPI “Time perspective of convicts”, a multidimensional self-attitude research questionnaire and a psychodiagnostic method “Life-purpose orientations”. A comparative analysis of the results of psychodiagnostics of convicts in the experimental group before and after testing of the basic program proved the reliability of statistical differences with the help of the Student’s t-test determined the presence of positive personality changes in the behavioral, cognitive and affective spheres of the personality of convicts in the experimental group. Conclusions: assessment of the model program testing results revealed a sufficient degree of its effectiveness and the possibility of its implementation. The model program largely determined the content and structure of
the section of the additional professional program – a professional development program for psychological service employees who accompany persons convicted of terrorist and extremist crimes.
Film Pedagogy to Encourage Reflection of Juvenile Offenders Serving their Sentence in Juvenile Correctional Facilities
Authors: Panova Oksana
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article is aimed at characterizing reflection as a mechanism for social
rehabilitation of juvenile offenders serving their sentence in correctional institutions;
justifying the possibility of boosting this process by educational means; proving the
expediency of using film pedagogy as a tool for the formation of self-reflection in juvenile convicts in correctional facilities. The purpose of this study is to identify the dynamics in the development of reflection of juvenile convicts under the influence of film pedagogy. Methods: theoretical analysis of the research problem, theoretical analysis of statistical data and normative documents, survey, experiment, methods of mathematical statistics, and an interpretative method. Results: after analyzing the statistical data reflecting trends in the penal enforcement policy in relation to juvenile convicts, the author forecasted the effectiveness of awareness-raising work stimulating the development of reflexivity in adolescents by means of film pedagogy. During theoretical description of a special film program, key ideas, pedagogical conditions and methodological solutions for its implementation were outlined; in further experimental study during the real pedagogical process, they were confirmed. The critical indicator of the proposed film program effectiveness was the level of reflexivity in juvenile convicts; positive dynamics in its development was determined with the help of the reflexivity diagnostic method developed by A.V. Karpov. The information obtained in the course of this study can serve as a basis for using the means of film pedagogy in solving a wide range of educational work with convicts in places of deprivation of liberty
ÖDÜL VE CEZA OLMADAN ÇOCUK DİSİPLİNİ MÜMKÜN MÜ?
Authors: KÖÇER Gülhan , ÇINAR Fatih
Published: December 2021

Sağlıklı iletişim ve güvenli öğrenme ortamı için sınırların olması bir gerekliliktir. Fakat hiçbir çocuk sınırları bilerek doğmaz. Anne-babanın görevi de çocuğa bu sınırları öğrenmesine ve zamanla öz-disiplin edinmesine yardımcı olmaktır. Bu da disiplin eğitimi ile mümkündür. Disiplin, çocuğun ihtiyacı olan sınırları çizerek, çocuğa toplum kurallarını, doğru davranışları, kısaca gelişimi ve topluma uyum sürecinde mutlu ve yeterli bir birey olabilmesi için ihtiyacı olan gerekli tüm özellikleri kazandırmak için önemli bir faaliyettir. Disiplinin sürdürülebilirliğinde önemli olan içselleştirilmiş sorumluluk duygusu da denilen öz denetimin çocukta oluşmasıdır. Bu da, disiplin sürecinde ödül, ceza ya da itaat eğitiminin kullanılmaması anlamına gelmektedir. Çünkü ödül ve ceza, dış denetimli davranış yönetimi tekniklerindendir ve çocuklar dıştan gelen yönlendirmelerle denetlendiğinde özdenetim becerisi geliştiremezler. Ödül ve ceza stratejileri kullanılarak özdenetim becerileri yüksek çocuklar yetiştirilmesi mümkün olmadığı gibi sürekli ödül ve ceza kullanımı ebeveyn ve çocuk arasındaki ilişkilerin zedelenmesine de neden olabilmektedir. Bu düşünceden hareketle bu araştırmada ödül ve ceza stratejileri kullanılmadan çocukları disipline etmenin mümkün olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Alan yazın incelendiğinde ödül ve ceza kullanmayı gerektirmeyen, otoriter olmayan disiplin şekilleri olduğu görülmektedir. Bu yaklaşımlardan hareketle araştırmada çocukları disipline etmede kullanılabilecek stratejiler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bunlar: koşulsuz sevgi, çocuğun duyguları ile bağlantı kurma, çocukla gerçek ilişki kurma, çocukların ağlamasını kabul etme, çocukların gelişimsel özelliklerini dikkate alma, sınırları belirleme, sınırlı seçenekler sunma, rutinler oluşturma, davranışın nedenine odaklanma ve model olmadır.
İmidazolinone-Tolerant Kültür Bitkileri ve Yabancı Ot Mücadelesinde Kullanımı
Authors: BAŞARAN Fulya
Published: December 2021

Yabancı otlar, kültür bitkileriyle su, besin maddesi, ışık ve yer gibi kaynaklar için rekabete girerek zarar oluştururlar. Mücadelesinde, kısa sürede sonuç vermesi ve kullanım kolaylığı gibi avantajları sebebiyle daha çok kimyasal mücadele yöntemi tercih edilmektedir. Ancak yoğun herbisit kullanımı sonucu ortaya çıkan direnç sorunu, selektif herbisitlerin geliştirilmesiyle daha da artmıştır. Özellikle ALS (Asetolaktat sentaz) inhibitörü herbisitlere olan dayanıklılık sorunu ilk sıradadır. Dar ve geniş yapraklı yabancı otlara karşı yaygın olarak ALS inhibitörü herbisit grubundan Sulfonylurea sınıfı içerisinde yer alan aktif maddelerden imidazolinonlar kullanılmaktadır. İmidazolinonlar, düşük dozlarda bile etkili olan çok geniş yabancı ot etki spektrumuna sahip olup hayvanlar, kuşlar, balıklar ve omurgasızlar üzerinde düşük toksisite olması ile nispeten çevresel profile uygun herbisitlerdir. Bu özellikleri, geleneksel üretim teknikleri (transgenik olmayan) ile imidazolinon-tolerant (imi-tolerant) kültür bitkilerin geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. İmi-tolerant kültür bitkilerinden kasıt, imidazolinon grubu herbisitlere karşı toleranslı bitkilerdir. Bu bitkilerin kullanıldığı üretim alanlarında yabancı otların kontrolü sağlanırken, ürünün zarar görmesini engellemek amaçlanmaktadır. Yabancı otlarla mücadelede düşük maliyet, daha iyi ve etkin kontrol sayesinde tarımsal üretimde verim artış sağlanması gibi avantajları vardır. Ancak imi-tolerant bitkilerin ekimi yapılan alanlarda yoğun herbisit kullanımına bağlı olumsuz çevresel etkiler, kültür bitkisine akraba yabancı ot türlerine gen kaçışı ve buna bağlı olarak dirençli yabancı otların ortaya çıkışı gibi bir takım dezavantajları olabilir. Bu derlemede, imi-tolerant bitkilerin yabancı ot mücadelesinde kullanım avantajları ve dezavantajları tartışılmıştır.
PLANT SPACING AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD, FIBRE QUALITY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN COTTON
Authors: Altundag Rojda , Karademir Emine
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to see how changing plant spacings affected cotton yield, yield components, fibre quality traits, and physiological parameters. In this study, six plant spacings (no thinning, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm) were investigated. Plant density caused significant differences in the number of first fruiting branches, number of bolls, ginning percentage, seed cotton yield, fibre yield, and normalised difference vegetative index (NDVI). Plant height, the number of sympodial branches, number of monopodial branches, boll weight, seed cotton weight/boll, number of 100-seed weight, seeds/boll, canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and fibre quality properties (micronaire, length, strength, elongation, uniformity, short fibre index, reflectance, yellowness, and spinning consistency index [SCI] were non-significant. The highest values of seed cotton yield, fibre yield, ginning percentage, number of first fruiting branches, and NDVI were obtained in the no thinning and 5 cm plant spacing applications, while the highest boll number was obtained at 20 and 25 cm plant spacings. In this study, physiological parameters, such as canopy temperature, leaf area, chlorophyll content, and fibre technological traits, were not affected by plant spacing. The highest seed cotton yield, fibre yield, ginning percentage and NDVI were obtained from no thinning and 5 cm intra-row spacing, indicating their impact on examined characteristics.
Therefore, a yield estimation can be made in the flowering period with the NDVI in different plant densities in cotton.