bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Platinum‐Aluminum Bimetallic Salen Complex for Pro‐senescence Cancer Therapy
Authors: Tang Juan , Yang Yahui , Yin Hao‐Yan , Ma Bin , Zhu Mengliang , Yang Zi‐Shu , Peng Xin‐Xin , Jia Feifei , Zhao Yao , Wang Fuyi , Chen Tianfeng , Zhang Jun‐Long
Published: April 2024

Cell senescence is defined as irreversible cell cycle arrest, which can be triggered by telomere shortening or by various types of genotoxic stress. Induction of senescence is emerging as a new strategy for the treatment of cancer, especially when sequentially combined with a second senolytic drug capable of killing the resulting senescent cells, however severely suffering from the undesired off‐target side effects from the senolytic drugs. Here, we prepare a bimetalic platinum‐aluminum salen complex (Alumiplatin) for cancer therapy‐a combination of pro‐senesence chemotherapy with in situ senotherapy to avoid the side effects. The aluminum salen moiety, as a G‐quadruplex stabilizer, enhances the salen's ability to induce cancer cell senescence and this phenotype is in turn sensitive to the cytotoxic activity of the monofunctional platinum moiety. It exhibits an excellent capability for inducing senescence, a potent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and an improved safety profile compared to cisplatin. Therefore, Alumiplatin may be a good candidate to be further developed into safe and effective anticancer agents. This novel combination of cell senescence inducers with genotoxic drugs revolutionizes the therapy options of designing multi‐targeting anticancer agents to improve the efficacy of anticancer therapies.
Prevalence and anatomical factors associated with stent under‐expansion in non‐severely calcified lesions
Authors: Sato Takao , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Yamamoto Kei , Shlofmitz Evan , Moses Jeffrey W. , Khalique Omar K. , Shin Doosup , Dakroub Ali , Singh Mandeep , Malik Sarah , Tsoulios Anna , Cohen David J. , Mintz Gary S. , Shlofmitz Richard A. , Jeremias Allen , Ali Ziad A. , Maehara Akiko
Published: April 2024

Background

Stent underexpansion, typically related to lesion calcification, is the strongest predictor of adverse events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Although uncommon, underexpansion may also occur in non‐severely calcified lesions.

Aim

We sought to identify the prevalence and anatomical characteristics of underexpansion in non‐severely calcified lesions.

Methods

We included 993 patients who underwent optical coherence tomography‐guided PCI of 1051 de novo lesions with maximum calcium arc <180°. Negative remodeling (NR) was the smallest lesion site external elastic lamina diameter that was also smaller than the distal reference. Stent expansion was evaluated using a linear regression model accounting for vessel tapering; underexpansion required both stent expansion <70% and stent area <4.5mm2.

Results

Underexpansion was observed in 3.6% of non‐heavily calcified lesions (38/1051). Pre‐stent maximum calcium arc and thickness were greater in lesions with versus without underexpansion (median 119° vs. 85°, p = 0.002; median 0.95 mm vs. 0.78 mm, p = 0.008). NR was also more common in lesions with underexpansion (44.7% vs. 24.5%, p = 0.007). In the multivariable logistic regression model, larger and thicker eccentric calcium, mid left anterior descending artery (LAD) location, and NR were associated with underexpansion in non‐severely calcified lesions. The rate of underexpansion was especially high (30.7%) in lesions exhibiting all three morphologies. Two‐year TLF tended to be higher in underexpanded versus non‐underexpanded stents (9.7% vs. 3.7%, unadjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 3.02 [0.92, 9.58], p = 0.06).

Conclusion

Although underexpansion in the absence of severe calcium (<180°) is uncommon, mid‐LAD lesions with NR and large and thick eccentric calcium were associated with underexpansion.
Single suture‐mediated closure system after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A single‐center real‐world experience
Authors: Iacovelli Fortunato , Burattini Osvaldo , Sturdà Francesca , Branca Mattia , Stabile Eugenio , Fimiani Luigi , Salemme Luigi , Cioppa Angelo , Pucciarelli Armando , Cafaro Alessandro , Bortone Alessandro Santo , Contegiacomo Gaetano , Pignatelli Antonio , Tesorio Tullio
Published: April 2024

Background

Despite the use of two crossed Perclose ProGlide™ (Abbott Vascular Devices) is the most widespread technique to close the main arterial access in transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF‐TAVI), the safest and most effective strategy still remains much debated.

Aims

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of a single Perclose ProGlide suture‐mediated closure device to obtain femoral hemostasis after sheathless implantation of self‐expanding transcatheter heart valves through their 14 F‐equivalent fix delivery systems.

Methods

This prospective observational study included 439 patients undergoing TF‐TAVI at the “Montevergine” Clinic of Mercogliano, Italy. All patients underwent hemostasis of the large‐bore access using a single Perclose ProGlide with preclose technique, after sheathless implantation of self‐expanding transcatheter heart valves through 14 F‐equivalent fix delivery systems. A multidetector computed tomography analysis of size, tortuosity, atherosclerotic, and calcification burdens of the ilio‐femoral access route was made by a dedicated corelab. Vascular complications (VCs), percutaneous closure device (PCD) failure, and bleedings were adjudicated by a clinical events committee.

Results

A total of 81 different VCs were observed in 60 patients (13.7%); among these, 41 (5% of patients) were categorized as major. PCD failure occurred in 14 patients (3.2%). At the logistic regression analysis, no predictors of PCD failure have been identified.

Conclusion

This registry suggests that the use of a single suture‐mediated closure device could be considered a safe and efficient technique to achieve access site hemostasis in patients undergoing TF‐TAVI through 14 F‐equivalent fix delivery systems.
Rational Design and Synthesis of Isatin‐Chalcone Hybrids Integrated with 1H‐1,2,3‐Triazole: Anti‐Proliferative Profiling and Molecular Docking Insights
Authors: Swati  , Raza Asif , Chowdhary Shefali , Anand Amit , Shaveta  , Sharma Arun K. , Kumar Kewal , Kumar Vipan
Published: April 2024

In this study, a series of isatin‐chalcone linked triazoles were synthesized using Cu‐promoted Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. The most potent compound displayed approximately 2.5 times greater activity compared to both reference compounds against ovarian cancer cell lines. These findings were supported by caspase‐mediated apoptosis and molecular docking analyses. Docking revealed comparable VEGFR‐2 affinities for 5 b and 5‐FU but highlighted stronger interaction of 5 b with EGFR, evident from its lower docking score. Overall, these results signify the notable anti‐proliferative potential of most synthesized hybrids, notably emphasizing the efficacy of compound 5 b in suppressing cancer cell growth.
Synthesis and Photoreforming Reaction of CdS Prepared from MOF Precursor
Authors: Kamata Sora , Nagakawa Haruki , Inaguma Ayako , Nagata Morio
Published: April 2024

The photoreforming reaction, which can produce hydrogen simultaneously with the decomposition of organic waste, is a promising method for resolving longstanding global issues such as the depletion of energy resources and climate change. However, ZnS photocatalysts, one of the most optimal catalysts for such reactions, has an inadequate visible‐light response; thus, the extensibility of the reaction is limited. In this study, CdS photocatalysts are prepared from metal–organic framework (MOF) precursors, that is, Cd‐MOFs. The prepared CdS exhibits high hydrogen production activity in the photoreforming of lignocellulosic biomass under quasi‐sunlight conditions. This activity is approximately 13.4 times that of the CdS prepared via the conventional hydrothermal method. Further, CdS can utilize light energy in the visible region of sunlight, providing a high quantum yield and demonstrating the potential for the extensibility of the reaction. The results of this study will facilitate the fabrication of novel materials for sustainable and efficient hydrogen production.
Impact of Surrounding Environment on Hot‐Exciton Based Organic Emitters for TADF Applications
Authors: M. Jacob Jesni , Ravva Mahesh Kumar
Published: April 2024

Understanding thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in solid‐state environments is crucial for practical applications. However, limited research focuses on how the medium affects TADF properties of hot‐exciton‐based emitters. In our study, we calculated and compared reverse intersystem crossing, radiative, and non‐radiative decay rates of TADF emitters in gas, solvent, and solid phases. The designed emitters have a donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) structure, with donors such as triphenylamine (TPA) and diphenylamine thiophene (ThPA), combined with acceptors such as benzothiadiazole (BT), pyridine thiadiazole (PT) and thiadiazolobenzopyridine (NPT). We model the solvent and solid phases with the polarizable continuum model (PCM) and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods, respectively. Using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT, we analyze how TADF emitters′ geometrical, electronic, and excited‐state properties vary in these phases. Our results show that the solid‐state environment significantly influences the geometry and TADF properties of emitters. In the presence of solid medium, our study indicates that non‐radiative decay rates tend to be slower. On the other hand, radiative emission rates were found to be less influenced by the properties of the surrounding medium. Overall, our study connects emitter chemical structure and the surrounding environment‘s impact on excited‐state characteristics and photochemical properties.
The unseen invaders: Tracking phylogeographic dynamics and genetic diversity of cryptic Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata (Golden apple snails) across Taiwan
Authors: Banerjee Pritam , Dey Gobinda , Maity Jyoti Prakash , Stewart Kathryn A. , Sharma Raju Kumar , Chan Michael W. Y. , Lee Kuanhsuen , Chen Chien‐Yen
Published: April 2024

The cryptic invasion of golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata) in Taiwan has caused significant ecological and economical damage over the last few decades, however, their management remains difficult due to inadequate taxonomic identification, complex phylogeny, and limited population genetic information. We aim to understand the current distribution, putative population of origin, genetic diversity, and potential path of cryptic invasion of Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata across Taiwan to aid in improved mitigation approaches. The present investigation conducted a nationwide survey with 254 samples collected from 41 locations in 14 counties or cities across Taiwan. We identified P. canaliculata and P. maculata based on mitochondrial COI and compared their genetic diversity across Taiwan, as well as other introduced and native countries (based on publicly available COI data) to understand the possible paths of invasion to Taiwan. Based on mitochondrial COI barcoding, sympatric and heterogeneous distributions of invasive P. canaliculata and P. maculata were noted. Our haplotype analysis and mismatch distribution results suggested multiple introductions of P. canaliculata in Taiwan was likely originated directly from Argentina, whereas P. maculata was probably introduced from a single, or a few, introduction event(s) from Argentina and Brazil. Our population genetic data further demonstrated a higher haplotype and genetic diversity for P. canaliculata and P. maculata in Taiwan compared to other introduced regions. Based on our current understanding, the establishment of P. canaliculata and P. maculata is alarming and widespread beyond geopolitical borders, requiring a concerted and expedited national and international invasive species mitigation program.
A roadmap for therapeutic discovery in pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart failure. A scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC and the ESC Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation & Right Ventricular Function
Authors: Ameri Pietro , Mercurio Valentina , Pollesello Piero , Anker Markus S. , Backs Johannes , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Borlaug Barry A. , Burkhoff Daniel , Caravita Sergio , Chan Stephen Y. , de Man Frances , Giannakoulas George , González Aránzazu , Guazzi Marco , Hassoun Paul M. , Hemnes Anna R. , Maack Cristoph , Madden Brendan , Melenovsky Vojtech , Müller Oliver J. , Papp Zoltan , Pullamsetti Soni Savai , Rainer Peter P. , Redfield Margaret M. , Rich Stuart , Schiattarella Gabriele G. , Skaara Hall , Stellos Kostantinos , Tedford Ryan J. , Thum Thomas , Vachiery Jean Luc , van der Meer Peter , Van Linthout Sophie , Pruszczyk Piotr , Seferovic Petar , Coats Andrew J.S. , Metra Marco , Rosano Giuseppe , Rosenkranz Stephan , Tocchetti Carlo Gabriele
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with left heart failure (LHF) (PH‐LHF) is one of the most common causes of PH. It directly contributes to symptoms and reduced functional capacity and negatively affects right heart function, ultimately leading to a poor prognosis. There are no specific treatments for PH‐LHF, despite the high number of drugs tested so far. This scientific document addresses the main knowledge gaps in PH‐LHF with emphasis on pathophysiology and clinical trials. Key identified issues include better understanding of the role of pulmonary venous versus arteriolar remodelling, multidimensional phenotyping to recognize patient subgroups positioned to respond to different therapies, and conduct of rigorous pre‐clinical studies combining small and large animal models. Advancements in these areas are expected to better inform the design of clinical trials and extend treatment options beyond those effective in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Enrichment strategies, endpoint assessments, and thorough haemodynamic studies, both at rest and during exercise, are proposed to play primary roles to optimize early‐stage development of candidate therapies for PH‐LHF.
The Solubility of Indium in Na2Ga7
Authors: Yu Chia‐Chi , Prots Yurii , Grin Yuri , Baitinger Michael
Published: April 2024

The ternary solid solution Na2Ga7−xInx (x≤0.25) was synthesized by annealing the elements at 300 °C in sealed Ta ampoules. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) indicated incongruent phase formation. The peritectic temperature ranges from 501(2) °C (x=0) to 474(2) °C (x=0.25). In addition, the unit cell parameters increase significantly with In content. At its maximum of x=0.25, the unit cell volume increases by 1 % compared to Na2Ga7. The In positions are deduced from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data obtained for the composition Na2Ga6.95In0.05 (space group Pnma; Z=8; a=14.876(3) Å, b=8.688(2) Å, c=11.605(4) Å). In the crystal structure of Na2Ga7, which consists of Ga12 icosahedra and 4‐bonded Ga atoms, the In atoms solely substitute the latter. The Na atoms are located in the channels and cavities of the framework. The phase is electron‐precise and can be considered a Zintl‐Wade compound with the formula unit [Na+]16[(12b)Ga122−]4[(4b)Ga−]7.6[(4b)In−]0.4.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Indirect and Regioselective Phosphonation of Azobenzenes: Toward the Design of Water‐Soluble Photoswitches
Authors: Amarsy Ivanna , Gigant Nicolas , Erturk Izel , Bogliotti Nicolas , Joseph Delphine , Delarue‐Cochin Sandrine
Published: April 2024

An efficient palladium‐catalyzed ortho C−H acyloxylation of azobenzenes, allowing the introduction of the difunctionalised substituent, diethylphosphonoacetate, is reported. Thanks to the mild reaction conditions implemented, this regioselective late‐stage ortho‐functionalization tolerates a wide range of functional groups and permits the access of diversely substituted azobenzenes in good to excellent yields. Selective hydrolysis of the diethyl phosphonate group leads to stable water‐soluble azo‐photoswitches with interesting photophysical properties such as an extended Z‐isomer half‐life, opening new opportunities in the design of optochemical tools for the exploration of living organisms.
Axial compressive and cyclic lateral behavior of a structural masonry prism constructed from crushed COVID‐19 face masks concrete bricks
Authors: Ghoniem Amr Gamal , Nour Louay Aboul , Zeleňáková Martina , Dolníková Erika , Katunský Dušan , El‐Feky Mohamed Hamdy
Published: April 2024

Discarded medical face masks endanger the environment worldwide. In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a shredded face mask (SFM) at 0% (control mix), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% by volume of concrete in the form of pieces that were 1 cm wide and 2 cm long on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. After performing experimental testing on the materials, finite element masonry prisms with dimensions of 400 × 200 × 560 mm3 were modeled on the ANSYS platform. Four prisms with different fabric contents were numerically examined to study the compressive behavior, and 12 prisms with three different mortar joints were analyzed under an incremental horizontal load in the presence of four vertical displacements of 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 4.5 mm. The results revealed that increasing the SFM content in concrete led to a decrease in fresh and hardened concrete properties, including density, slump, split‐tensile strength, and compressive strength, by 9.5%, 20%, 24%, and 34%, respectively, compared with the control concrete at 0.5%. Moreover, the addition of 0.5% SFMs to the prism bricks reduced the maximum compressive load, deflection, and strain energy by 24%, 10%, and 39%, respectively. Altering the mortar type and vertical load affected the lateral cyclic behavior of the prisms. Compared with the M3 prism subjected to the same axial displacement, the M2 prism had 21.36%, 11%, 27.2%, and 10.48% higher lateral peak load, lateral peak displacement, equivalent stress, and strain energy, respectively. Furthermore, the lateral stiffness of the prism increases as the axial pressure increases. The lateral peak load of the M3 prism measured at 1.0, 3.0, and 4.5 mm axial displacement was raised by 60%, 142%, and 182%, respectively, as compared with the same prism at 0.5 mm axial displacement. The outcome provides a feasible concept for reusing masks in concrete construction with controllable strength deterioration on the masonry prism at 0.5% recycled SFM, resulting in attractive responses of these composites at the nonstructural scale
Cellulose‐Based Aerogels with Photocatalytic Function for Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Ma Chonghua , Jing Yanju , Li Yuanzhen , Zhang Min , Sun Hanxue , Li An
Published: April 2024

Solar steam generation is considered an efficient, renewable, and environmentally friendly technology for clean freshwater production, offering the potential to alleviate the growing global water scarcity issue. Herein, the commercial cellulose is used as raw material and water transport matrix, and silver phosphate particles are used as difunctional light‐absorbing matters and photocatalyst to prepare cellulose‐based composite material (silver‐plated cellulose aerogel [CAAg]). The resulting CAAg possesses superhydrophilicity, intrinsic network structure, high porosity (89.88%), and low thermal conductivity (0.091 W m−1 K−1). As a result, the CAAg exhibits an evaporation rate of nearly 1.55 kg m−2 h−1 in simulated seawater under a light intensity of 1 kW m−2. Furthermore, due to the excellent photocatalytic properties of silver phosphate particles, the CAAg can simultaneously achieve high degradation rates toward various dye molecules including methylene blue, rhodamine B, and methyl orange in water, making it show tremendous potential applications for clean freshwater production and organic wastewater treatment.
Design and analysis of a solar‐powered refrigeration system with thermal energy storage for efficient storage of scorpion antivenom
Authors: Abuelnour Mohamed Ali , Abuelnuor Abuelnuor A. A. , El‐Kawi O. S. Abd
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the use of a saltwater (sodium chloride and water) solution as a phase change material (PCM) in a small fridge for storing scorpion antivenom in Sudan's northern state. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the PCM in maintaining suitable storage temperature which 3 ± 2°C. By adding salt to the water, the freezing point decreased, enabling the solution to absorb more heat energy because the heat capacity of the saltwater solution is higher than the saltwater ice phase. The base case maintained (2310 g of water only) an average temperature of 9.5°C, while Case 1 (35 g of salt in 2310 g of water) reached 7°C and Case 2 (70 g of salt in 2310 g of water) achieved 5°C. Increasing the amount of saltwater solution led to improved heat absorption. Case 5 (70 g of salt in 4950 g of water) achieved an optimal storage temperature of 4°C. The relationship between outside and inside temperatures showed stable maintenance after initial melting, with a slight increase of approximately 1.5°C. These findings demonstrate the potential of solar‐powered fridge with PCM for reliable medication storage in remote areas. By optimizing salt concentration and quantity, temperature‐sensitive medications can be stored effectively, improving availability and quality.
The Ethic of Accompaniment
Authors: Haupt Laura
Published: April 2024

Taking inspiration from liberation theology and physician Paul Farmer, the lead article in the March‐April 2024 issue of the Hastings Center Report offers a “cautiously idealistic” argument for surgeons to follow the ethic of accompaniment, opening themselves to the lives of patients and communities who are poor, disabled, directly harmed by racism, and otherwise marginalized. Among other work in this issue are pieces on the ethics of approaches to mental health care in the United States. One essay, for example, illuminates three main phenomena that are contributing to a rise in the number of people with serious psychiatric conditions that are untreated or given inappropriate treatment. An At Law essay criticizes recent proposals by the mayors of New York City and Portland, Oregon, for expanding the use of involuntary commitment among people experiencing homelessness.
What Do Prospective Parents Owe to Their Children?
Authors: Levin Abigail
Published: April 2024

I consider the question of what moral obligations prospective parents owe to their future children. It is taken as an almost axiomatic premise of a wide range of philosophical arguments that prospective parents have a moral obligation to take such steps as ensuring their own financial stability or waiting until they are emotionally mature before conceiving. This is because it is assumed that parents have a moral obligation to lay the groundwork for their children's lives to go well. While at first glance such a premise seems benign, I will argue that when it is applied to arguments in assisted reproductive technology, as it is in Julian Savulescu's procreative beneficence argument or as it is in Daniel Groll's recent argument for open gamete donation, we see problems with this premise. Problems in Groll's argument also become apparent when it is scrutinized in connection with this premise.
Leah Z. Rand, Daniel P. Carpenter, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Anushka Bhaskar, Jonathan J. Darrow, and William B. Feldman Reply
Authors: Rand Leah Z. , Carpenter Daniel P. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Bhaskar Anushka , Darrow Jonathan J. , Feldman William B.
Published: April 2024

The authors respond to a letter by Mitchell Berger in the March‐April 2024 issue of the Hastings Center Report concerning their essay “Securing the Trustworthiness of the FDA to Build Public Trust in Vaccines.”
Optimization of data analysis models for low‐resource Eurasian languages using machine translation
Authors: Chen HongYan , Yee Kim Kyung
Published: April 2024

This study explores low‐resource language data translation models in the realms of multimedia teaching and cyber security. A rapid learning‐based neural machine translation (NMT) method is developed based on meta‐learning theory. Subsequently, the back translation method is employed to further improve the NMT model for low‐resource language data. Results indicate that the proposed low‐resource language NMT method based on meta‐learning achieves increased Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) scores for three target tasks in a supervised environment. This study emphasizes the auxiliary role of meta‐learning theory in low‐resource language data translation, aiming to enhance the efficiency of translation models in utilizing information from low‐resource languages.
Scaling and measurement error sensitivity of scoring rules for distribution forecasts
Authors: Kleen Onno
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the impact of data rescaling and measurement error on scoring rules for distribution forecast. First, I show that all commonly used scoring rules for distribution forecasts are robust to rescaling the data. Second, the forecast ranking based on the continuous ranked probability score is less sensitive to gross measurement error than the ranking based on the log score. The theoretical results are complemented by a simulation study aligned with frequently revised quarterly US gross domestic product (GDP) growth data, a simulation study aligned with financial market volatility, and an empirical application forecasting realized variances of S&P 100 constituents.
A general, most basic rule for ion dissociation: Ionized molecules
Authors: Reis Adriano , Eberlin Marcos N.
Published: April 2024

Herein we revisit a basic rule for the interpretation of ion chemistry of ionized molecules, first proposed by the pioneers of MS spectra interpretation, but somewhat overlooked over the years. This rule states that, when rationalizing or predicting the dissociation chemistry of an ionized molecule (M+.), a model analog to the “mobile proton model,” that is, a “mobile electron model” via “e‐‐jumping” should be considered. Ground‐state M+. is indeed the first species to be considered, but “e‐‐jumping” may eventually lead to other more energetic electromers—ionized molecules that differ only in the location of the missing electron—and each one of these electromers may dissociate via distinctive routes. In such a scenario, the route involving not necessarily the ground‐state M+., but the most labile electromer could become predominant or even exclusive. We argue that this “most labile electromer” rule, as well as an analogous “most labile protomer” rule that we have proposed for protonated molecules in an accompanying article, with the application of our conventional toolbox of a few cleavages and rearrangements, greatly simplifies the interpretation and prediction of ion chemistry.
Prevalence and impact of viral myocarditis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Hao Yao , Wang Xiaoyi , Du Zhixiang , Liu Cuicui , Zhang Mingfang , Kuai Huifen , Wang Wenjie , Wang Zijian , Liu Zhenjun , Yang Jianghua
Published: April 2024

To explore the association and impact between viral myocarditis and mortality in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. A dynamic analysis was conducted between fatal group and nonfatal group regarding the daily epidemiology data, clinical symptoms, and electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and laboratory findings. Outcomes of patients with and without viral myocarditis were compared. The association between viral myocarditis and mortality was analyzed. Among 183 severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome patients, 32 were in the fatal group and 151 in the nonfatal group; there were 26 (81.25%) with viral myocarditis in the fatal group, 66 (43.70%) with viral myocarditis in the nonfatal group (p < 0.001), 79.35% of patients had abnormal ECG results. The abnormal rate of ECG in the fatal group was 100%, and in the nonfatal group was 74.83%. Univariate analysis found that the number of risk factors gradually increased on Day 7 of the disease course and reached the peak on Day 10. Combined with the dynamic analysis of the disease course, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase fraction, lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, neutrophil count, serum creatinine, Na, Ca, carbon dioxide combining power, amylase, lipase, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time had statistically significant impact on prognosis. The incidence of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome combined with viral myocarditis is high, especially in the fatal group of patients. Viral myocarditis is closely related to prognosis and is an early risk factor. The time point for changes in myocarditis is Day 7 of the course of the disease.
Fructooligosaccharides Intake during Pregnancy Improves Metabolic Phenotype of Offspring in High Fat Diet‐Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Miyamoto Junki , Ando Yuna , Nishida Akari , Yamano Mayu , Suzuki Shunsuke , Takada Hiromi , Kimura Ikuo
Published: April 2024

Scope

Obesity and metabolic diseases are closely associated, and individuals who become obese are also prone to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Gut microbiota is mediated by diet and can influence host metabolism and the incidence of metabolic disorders. Recent studies have suggested that improving gut microbiota through a fructooligosaccharide (FOS)‐supplemented diet may ameliorate obesity and other metabolic disorders. Although accumulating evidence supports the notion of the developmental origins of health and disease, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure.

Methods and results

ICR mice are fed AIN‐93G formula‐based cellulose –, FOS–, acetate–, or propionate‐supplemented diets during pregnancy. Offspring are reared by conventional ICR foster mothers for 4 weeks; weaned mice are fed high fat diet for 12 weeks and housed individually. The FOS and propionate offspring contribute to suppressing obesity and improving glucose intolerance. Gut microbial compositions in FOS‐fed mothers and their offspring are markedly changed. However, the beneficial effect of FOS diet on the offspring is abolished when antibiotics are administered to pregnant mice.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the link between the maternal gut environment and the developmental origin of metabolic syndrome in offspring. These results open novel research avenues into preemptive therapies for metabolic disorders by targeting the maternal gut microbiota.
Comparison of Chronic Sialadenitis Symptom Burden in Patients With Sialolithiasis Versus Stenosis Before and After Sialendoscopy
Authors: Bhat Amrita , Gulati Arushi , Ryan William R. , Chang Jolie L.
Published: April 2024

Objective

To define symptomatology and responses to treatment in chronic sialadenitis from sialolithiasis versus duct stenosis and establish a minimal clinically significant difference (MCID) in the validated Obstructive Salivary Problem Impact Test (SPIT).

Study Design

Prospective, cohort.

Setting

Tertiary‐care center.

Methods

Patients completed the SPIT questionnaire at presentation and 3 to 6 months after surgery. SPIT scores and domains were compared between patients with symptomatic sialolithiasis and those with stenosis of a major salivary gland.

Results

Seventy‐nine patients completed the SPIT, including 43 (54%) with sialolithiasis and 36 (46%) with stenosis. Stenosis patients displayed greater baseline scores compared to sialolithiasis patients (45.4 ± 19.9 vs 33.3 ± 18.5, P < .013). Frequency and severity of gland swelling and pain (21.9 ± 8.9 vs 17.1 ± 9.6, P = .02) and functional/psychosocial impact subscores were greater in the stenosis versus sialolithiasis groups (18.0 ± 10.9 vs 11.3 ± 9.4, P < .01). For 43 patients who underwent surgical intervention, SPIT scores improved at 3 to 6 months postoperatively in all domains (−18.6 ± 19.4, P < .01). Degree of improvement did not differ between sialolithiasis versus stenosis groups (−22.0 ± 20.9 vs −13.3 ± 15.8, P = .13). The MCID in SPIT score was found to be −13 points. A postoperative SPIT score of less than 10 suggested symptom resolution.

Conclusion

When compared to sialolithiasis, chronic salivary obstruction from stenosis is associated with greater baseline SPIT scores, indicating poorer sialadenitis‐related quality of life due to greater symptom frequency and functional impact. Based on SPIT survey outcomes, a score decrease of 13 points or SPIT score <10 represent significant symptom improvement.
Association Between Multisensory Impairment and Depression Among Older Adults: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Sacknovitz Yoni , Stein Eli , Lee Dongwon , Chen Honglei , Chern Alexander , Shiroma Eric J. , Devanand Davangere P. , Gudis David A. , Overdevest Jonathan B.
Published: April 2024

Objective

In this study, we examine how impairments in vision, hearing, touch, and olfaction relate to depression in older adults, considering both individual and multisensory impairments (MSIs).

Study Design

Analysis of cross‐sectional data from a longitudinal investigation involving black and white older adults aged 70 to 79 at enrollment.

Setting

We studied 1640 black and white participants in the Health ABC study using complete sensory evaluation data from years 3 to 5.

Methods

Our MSI assessment utilized data obtained for visual acuity, hearing perception, olfactory performance, and tactile function. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between the presence of individual and MSIs and depression which was defined as the presence of antidepressants prescribed for depression, or a Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score of greater than 10.

Results

We observed a possible dose‐response relationship between the number of sensory impairments and depression. In adjusted models, when compared to no impairments, vision (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09‐1.93) and hearing impairments (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.11‐1.99) were significantly associated with depression, whereas olfaction (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.83‐1.47) and tactile impairments (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.96‐1.70) were not. Participants with 3 sensory impairments had a higher rate of depression (OR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.22‐3.54) compared to those without impairments, and this risk increased further for those with 4 sensory impairments (OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.48‐5.88).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that individuals with MSI represent a high‐risk population for depression, warranting close monitoring to screen for depression. The study emphasizes the importance of considering multiple sensory impairments in the context of mental health and supports the early identification and monitoring of depression in this population.
Bilateral Wilms tumor with anaplasia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Study AREN0534
Authors: Romao Rodrigo L. P. , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Renfro Lindsay A. , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Murphy Andrew J. , Brzezinski Jack , Malek Marcus M. , Benedetti Daniel J. , Cost Nicholas G. , Smith Ethan , Dome Jeffrey S. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Treece Amy , Parsons Lauren N. , Fernandez Conrad V. , Tornwall Brett , Shamberger Robert C. , Paulino Arnold , Kalapurakal John A. , Geller James I. , Ehrlich Peter F.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to examine the outcomes in children with anaplastic bilateral Wilms tumor (BWT) from study AREN0534 in order to define potential prognostic factors and areas to target in future clinical trials.

Methods

Demographic and clinical data from AREN0534 study patients with anaplasia (focal anaplasia [FA], or diffuse anaplasia [DA]) were compared. Event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were reported using Kaplan–Meier estimation with 95% confidence bands, and differences in outcomes between FA and DA compared using log‐rank tests. The impact of margin status was analyzed.

Results

Twenty‐seven children who enrolled on AREN0534 had evidence of anaplasia (17 DA, 10 FA) in at least one kidney and were included in this analysis. Twenty‐six (96%) had BWT. Nineteen percent had anaplastic histology in both kidneys (four of 17 DA, and one of 10 FA). Forty‐six percent with BWT had bilateral nephron‐sparing surgery (NSS); one child who went off protocol therapy, eventually required bilateral completion nephrectomies. Median follow‐up for EFS and OS was 8.6 and 8.7 years from enrollment. Four‐ and 8‐year EFS was 53% [95% confidence interval (CI): 34%–83%] for DA; 4‐year EFS was 80% [95% CI: 59%–100%], and 8‐year EFS 70% [95% CI: 47%–100%] for FA. Three out of 10 children with FA and eight out of 17 children with DA had events. EFS did not differ statistically by margin status (p = .79; HR = 0.88). Among the six children who died (five DA, one FA), all experienced prior relapse or progression within 18 months.

Conclusion

Events in children with DA/FA in the setting of BWT occurred early. Caution should be taken about interpreting the impact of margin status outcomes in the context of contemporary multimodal therapy. Future targeted investigations in children with BWT and DA/FA are needed.
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis as a late complication of childhood cancer therapy: A case series
Authors: Marathe Priya H. , Santibanez Valeria , Meyers Paul A. , Padilla Maria L. , Friedman Danielle N.
Published: April 2024

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare interstitial pneumonia with distinct clinicopathologic features. It has been associated with exposure to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and classical alkylating agents. Here, we highlight PPFE as a late complication of childhood cancer therapy by describing the cases of four survivors of childhood cancer with a diagnosis of treatment‐related PPFE. All patients received high‐dose alkylating agents. PPFE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of restrictive lung disease in patients with history of exposure to alkylating agents or HSCT. Development of PPFE‐specific, noninvasive diagnostic tools and disease‐modifying therapies will clinically benefit these patients.
Control of Surface Chemistry in Recess Etching toward Normally Off GaN Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor High‐Electron‐Mobility Transistors
Authors: Luo Tian , Yu Zhehan , Dai Yijun , Chen Sitong , Ye Fang , Xu Wei , Ye Jichun , Guo Wei
Published: April 2024

Reducing off‐state and gate leakage current is crucial in the development of metal–insulator–semiconductor high‐electron‐mobility transistors (MIS‐HEMTs). This work reports interface engineering in the gate recess region through low‐damage digital etching during the fabrication of normally off GaN MIS‐HEMTs. Conventional plasma etching leads to a reduction of the N/(Al+Ga) ratio, but this value recovers to almost 1 with optimized oxidation condition during digital etching, suggesting a reduction of the Al/Ga dangling bonds based on the proposed technique. GaN MIS‐HEMTs with digital etching exhibits a threshold voltage of 1.0 V at 1 μA mm−1, a high ON/OFF current ratio of 1010, a gate breakdown voltage of 22 V, and a low gate leakage current of 10−8 mA mm−1.
Bounded output‐feedback consensus‐based formation control of nonholonomic vehicles
Authors: Nuño Emmanuel , Loría Antonio , Paredes Angel I. , Hernández Tonatiuh
Published: April 2024

In multi‐agent systems, most commonly, consensus consists in all agents converging to a common equilibrium point. For nonholonomic vehicles, which move on a Cartesian plane and occupy a physical space, it is more appropriate to speak of consensus‐based formation, which implies that the vehicles are required to converge to a relative position in a given formation while, distributively, agreeing on the center of such formation and on their orientation. In this paper we solve such a problem via a smooth, time‐varying, output‐feedback control; more precisely, without velocity measurements. In addition, and this is our main contribution, the controller is designed to satisfy pre‐imposed bounds to avoid input saturation. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first controller that solves the consensus‐based formation problem in networks of nonholonomic vehicles via a bounded, output‐feedback controller. The paper also provides a simulation comparison between our proposal and its unbounded counterpart.
A Novel Approach for Synthesizing Ultra–Small Silver Nanoparticles Using Covalent Organic Frameworks as Template, Stabilizer and Reductant at Room Temperature
Authors: Yuan Ningning , Su Tong , Zhang Le , Li Dong , Li Jianye , Zhu Tingchun , Hu Junping , Guo Haobo , Liu Yirui , Liu Nana , Han Wenpeng , Yao Decui
Published: April 2024

The preparation of ultra–small silver nanoparticles (average diameter ≤10 nm) is a technical problem because of their aggregation tendency. Therefore, the preparation conditions are usually harsh and complex. It is widely recognized that covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a novel class of porous crystalline compounds with broad applications in various fields. In this work, an environmentally and economically friendly new method has been developed for synthesizing ultra–small silver nanoparticles by reducing silver ions in ethanol solution with a covalent organic framework (TPB–DMTP–COF) as a template and reductant at room temperature. Interestingly, the TPB–DMTP–COF not only serves as a template and reductant but also functions as a stabilizer. Moreover, the TPB–DMTP–COF can be utilized repeatedly as a reductant. The morphology and structure of the silver nanoparticles were examined using transmission electron microscopy and showed that they were spherical with an average particle size of approximately 7.5 nm. Compared with the previously reported silver nanoparticles, the silver nanoparticles synthesized by this new method are not coated with Surfactant, such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). As a result, they possess a larger exposed surface area, exhibit increased activity, and demonstrate excellent antimicrobial properties against both Gram–negative Escherichia coli and Gram–positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.
Behavior and design of eccentrically compressed hybrid steel and GFRP reinforced concrete columns at elevated temperature
Authors: Al‐Thairy Haitham
Published: April 2024

This study presents analytical model for the analysis of hybrid (steel and fiber reinforced polymers (FRP)) reinforced concrete (RC) columns at elevated temperature under eccentric compressive loads. The bending moment resistance of the (RC) columns at elevated temperature is formulated based on force equilibrium and strain compatibility of the concrete column section under combined bending moment and axial force. Deterioration the mechanical properties of concrete, steel, and FRP bars due to the rise of temperature has been taken into account using equations proposed by previous studies. Validating the suggested model was carried out by comparing the analytical results with corresponding experimental and numerical results in terms of axial load‐lateral displacement relationships, axial load‐bending resistance interaction diagrams, and failure modes. Validation results have shown the accuracy of the suggested analytical model. A parametric study has also been conducted using the proposed analytical model to investigate the effect of some parameters on the axial load‐bending resistance interaction diagrams of hybrid steel and FRP‐RC columns under elevated temperature. These parameters include the effect of higher temperature values, the effect of reinforcement material, and the effect of reinforcement configuration. Parametric study results have revealed some interesting conclusions that may be implemented in the design of hybrid RC columns at fire.
Ernährungsberatung in ärztlichen Praxen verschiedener Fachrichtungen – eine Querschnittsstudie
Authors: Mertens Hannah Luisa , Kaifie Andrea
Published: April 2024

Hintergrund

Ziel dieser Querschnittsstudie war es, den Stand der Ernährungsberatung (EB) und Versorgung in ärztlichen Praxen zu erheben. Das entsprechende Fachwissen der Ärzt:innen sowie Hürden und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten für die EB wurden analysiert.

Methoden

Ein Fragebogen mit 32 Items wurde erstellt und nach 2‑stufigem Pretest im Frühjahr 2022 an alle niedergelassenen Ärzt:innen der Fachrichtungen Allgemeinmedizin, Innere Medizin, Gynäkologie, Orthopädie und Arbeitsmedizin in Aachen (N = 360) verteilt.

Ergebnisse

Die Rücklaufquote lag bei 29,2 % (n = 105). 85,7 % der Ärzt:innen führten während ihrer Sprechstunde EB durch. Die Ärzt:innen schätzten, dass 39,5 % ihrer Patient:innen EB benötigten, tatsächlich beraten wurden aber nur 28,1 %. Bei Allgemeinmediziner:innen dauert die EB durchschnittlich 13 min, bei allen anderen 9,5 min. Die meisten Teilnehmer:innen fühlten sich gut über gesunde Ernährung informiert (95,2 %) und schrieben dem Thema eine hohe persönliche (57,7 %) und berufliche (47,6 %) Relevanz zu.

Die größten Hürden für eine bessere EB waren die mangelnde Vermittlung von Wissen und Kompetenzen im Medizinstudium (89,5 %) und in der Facharztweiterbildung (79,6 %) sowie Zeitmangel (75,2 %). Viele Teilnehmer:innen würden mehr EB durchführen, wenn diese Leistung besser bezahlt würde und im Arbeitsalltag mehr Zeit zur Verfügung stände.

Diskussion

Die hohe Relevanz von EB ist vielen niedergelassenen Ärzt:innen bewusst, der Bedarf an EB wird von ihnen jedoch nicht gedeckt. Um EB in ärztlichen Praxen zu fördern, bedarf es unter anderem einer besseren ernährungsmedizinischen Ausbildung, einer angemessenen Vergütung und ausreichender Zeitkontingente.
On hierarchical competition through reduction of individual growth
Authors: Barril Carles , Calsina Àngel , Diekmann Odo , Farkas József Z.
Published: April 2024

We consider a population organised hierarchically with respect to size in such a way that the growth rate of each individual depends only on the presence of larger individuals. As a concrete example one might think of a forest, in which the incidence of light on a tree (and hence how fast it grows) is affected by shading by taller trees. The classic formulation of a model for such a size-structured population employs a first order quasi-linear partial differential equation equipped with a non-local boundary condition. However, the model can also be formulated as a delay equation, more specifically a scalar renewal equation, for the population birth rate. After discussing the well-posedness of the delay formulation, we analyse how many stationary birth rates the equation can have in terms of the functional parameters of the model. In particular we show that, under reasonable and rather general assumptions, only one stationary birth rate can exist besides the trivial one (associated to the state in which there are no individuals and the population birth rate is zero). We give conditions for this non-trivial stationary birth rate to exist and analyse its stability using the principle of linearised stability for delay equations. Finally, we relate the results to the alternative, partial differential equation formulation of the model.