bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Syntactic Feature for Code Representation Learning
Authors: Clevor Bryan , Patel Rodolfo , Slyder Wendy
Published: December 2023

The paradigm of leveraging code as a dataset has recently gained traction, offering innovative solutions in domains such as automated commit message generation, pull request description automation, and program repair mechanisms. Consider the challenge in generating commit messages: traditional methods treat source code as a mere token sequence, applying neural machine translation models. This approach, however, overlooks the critical syntactic structures inherent in programming languages, which could offer deeper insights and improved accuracy. Building upon prior research, specifically the Code2Seq framework, which utilized Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) structural data for source code representation to automate method name generation, this paper extends and refines this concept. We introduce "CSR", a novel methodology adapted to represent code edits effectively. This paper investigates the impact of employing syntactic structure, focusing on the classification of code edits. Drawing inspiration from Code2Seq, "CSR" utilizes AST's structural properties, particularly the paths connecting leaf nodes, to enhance the task of code edit classification. This approach is rigorously evaluated on two distinct datasets, comprising fine-grained syntactic edits. Our comprehensive experiments reveal that incorporating syntactic structures does not significantly outperform simpler methodologies. While methods like Code2Seq and our proposed "CSR" show potential, our findings highlight that there is considerable scope for improvement and refinement before such techniques can be universally applied for learning representations of code edits. We anticipate that our findings will spark further research in this field, paving the way for more effective use of syntactic structures in code representation.
Stabilization of the Metastable Prefusion Conformation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein through N-linked Glycosylation on S2 Subunit
Authors: Zan Fuwen , Zhou Yao , Chen Ting , Chen Yahan , Mu Zhixia , Qian Zhaohui , Ou Xiuyuan
Published: December 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the novel coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, represents a serious threat to public health. The spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates viral entry into host cells and is heavily glycosylated. In this study, we systemically analyzed the roles of 22 putative N-linked glycans in SARS-CoV-2 S protein expression, membrane fusion, viral entry, and stability. Using α-glycosidase inhibitors, castanospermine and NB-DNJ, we confirmed that disrupting the N-linked glycosylation process blocked the maturation of the S protein, leading to impairment of S protein-mediated membrane fusion. Single substitution of each of the 22 N-linked glycosylation sites with glutamine revealed that 9 out of the 22 N-linked glycosylation sites were critical for S protein folding and maturation, resulting in reduced S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion and viral entry. Of note, N1074Q mutation markedly affected S protein stability and induced significant receptor-independent syncytium (RIS) formation in HEK293T/hACE2-KO cells, and removal of the furin-cleavage site partially compensated instability of N1074Q mutation. Although the corresponding mutation in the SARS-CoV S protein (N1056Q) did not induce RIS in HEK293T cells, the mutants N669Q and N1080Q exhibited increased fusogenic activity and induced syncytia formation in HEK293T cells. Therefore, N-glycans on the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunits are of great importance in maintaining the prefusion state of the S protein. The study revealed the critical roles of N-glycans in S protein maturation and stability, which have implications for the design of vaccines and anti-viral strategies.
Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Revealed Nitrogen Deficit Effects on Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism of Wheat
Authors: Liu Xin , Yin Chengmiao , Zhou Changan , Wang Xinyu
Published: December 2023

Excessive nitrogen application has become a hidden danger threatening the sustainable development of agriculture. Exploring the potential genes will help to improve the nitrogen availability of wheat through molecular breeding. We therefore conducted wheat transcriptomics and proteomics researches under complete culture medium without nitrogen (N0) and complete culture medium with nitrogen (N1). The results showed that, the nitrogen deficit decreased the fresh weight, N content and net photosynthetic rate of winter wheat. 3949 and 2675 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the shoot and root, respectively, while 164 and 129 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the shoot and root respectively. 9 genes in shoot and 26 genes in root showed the same trends in RNA and protein levels. 5 genes in shoot and 4 genes in root showed the opposite trends in RNA and protein levels. Pathway enrichment of wheat transcriptome and proteome under nitrogen deficit proposed 3 candidate genes related to photosynthesis in shoot, 4 candidate genes related to carbon metabolism in shoot, and 12 candidate genes related to carbon metabolism in root. Meanwhile, the chromosomal and subcellular localization of these genes were listed, which will provide reference for improving nitrogen availability through molecular breeding.
Social Laser: Media and Social Mobilization
Authors: Rodin Lika , Khrennikov Andrei
Published: December 2023

Media is obtaining a leading role in contemporary strategic communication, the development especially visible in the context of social-political and geopolitical conflicts. This study introduces an interdisciplinary theory of Social Laser and applies it in the analysis of social mobilization around the current militarized situation in Eastern Europe. We analyze quantitatively the content of three Swedish newspapers and qualitatively the related Facebook discussions. As demonstrated, social lasing has been employed as an instrument in information warfare. An “information tsunami” was generated by the Swedish national mass media at the outbreak of military events in March-May 2022. It shaped social dynamics on the related social media platform. The intensity of dissident actions increased when the information pressure subsided.
Organic Horticulture as a Potential Tool to Mitigate Climate Change and for the Production of Healthier Fruit and Vegetables
Authors: Manyaku Awabo , Witbooi Hildegard
Published: December 2023

Organic horticulture is a holistic management system which follows good production practices and should be considered as the cornerstone of mitigating climate change and to produce healthier fruits and vegetables. This agroecosystem practice not only benefits the green economy but promotes and enhances soil biological activity, biodiversity, and other biological cycles in the sphere. The last decade has observed a rise in the production and consumption of organically certified agricultural products due to their higher nutritional value, lowered risk of exposure to harmful chemicals and improved organoleptic properties. The aim of this review was to demonstrate the considerable impact of organic horticulture on mitigating climate change and simultaneously satisfy consumer needs. The outcome of this review demonstrates that there are still numerous research studies required to evaluate how different farming systems and pedoclimatic conditions can contribute to more efficient horticultural practices.
Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in children: focus on the musculoskeletal system
Authors:   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yablokova E.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Polyanskaya A.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Chebysheva S.N. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lokhmatov M.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Erokhina M.I. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chibrina E.V. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: December 2023

The duration of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children has an important effect on the condition of children's musculoskeletal system. The manifestations are different: from peripheral and axial spondiarthropathies to musculoskeletal deficiency in form of osteopenia and sarcopenia, nutritional deficiency and growth retardation. The article describes the modern foundations of the pathogenesis, duration, diagnosis and therapy of seronegative spondyloarthropathies in IBD in children. The ASAS, Garmisch-Partenkirchen criteria, ACR pedi or JADAS criteria used to verify spondyloarthritis and help specialist to assess the joint syndrome in children with IBD and monitoring the effect of therapy. Multidisciplinary management of children with IBD and joint syndrome by gastroenterologist and rheumatologist allows to choose the most successful individual treatment line for patients, many drugs (sulfasalazine, methothotrexate, biological therapy (a-TNF-α, a-IL 12/23, Janus kinase inhibitors) have common pathogenetic effects in IBD and joint syndrome. Therapy of peripheral arthropathies associated with IBD activity is aimed to controlling the main disease. We initiate early the treatment with вiological therapy (TNF-a) in children with axial spondyloarthritis and persistent peripheral duration. Musculoskeletal deficiency, nutritional insufficiency and growth retardation also largely determine the condition of children with IBD, correlating with the activity of disease at the manifestation of illness. However, in many patients, researchers have founded a persistent deficiency in bone and muscle health, even with good control of IBD. Therefore, today the priority of studies are aimed to the prevention of disorders and early correction of nutritional status, a quick return to a healthy lifestyle for children with IBD, which promises to significantly improve the prognosis of the condition of musculoskeletal system. Key words: Crohn's disease, extraintestinal manifestations, inflammatory bowel disease, children, musculoskeletal deficiencyt, spondyloarthropathy, ulcerative colitis
Requisitos para gerenciamento do desempenho em cadeia de suprimentos de perfuração offshore
Authors: Souza Rodrigues Filipe Maia , Tammela Iara , Narcizo Ramon
Published: December 2023

Destaques: Apesar da relevância da gestão e mensuração do desempenho para as cadeias de suprimentos, os estudos realizados tendem a focar na área de manufatura, com escassas aplicações em outros setores, como o de petróleo e gás. Dentre as organizações que compõem as cadeias de suprimentos do mercado de óleo e gás, as que atuam no ramo de perfuração tendem a ser especialmente afetadas por fatores ligados à cadeia de suprimentos. A empresa-alvo da presente pesquisa, pertencente a este segmento, é um exemplo dessa realidade. A organização não possui um sistema ou modelo desenvolvido para gestão e mensuração do desempenho, os indicadores utilizados não refletem a estratégia organizacional e não resultam em ganhos perceptíveis, financeiros ou de performance. Objetivo: Identificar, por meio de uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura, quais requisitos devem ser atendidos por um modelo de gestão de desempenho em cadeias de suprimentos, a ser aplicado em empresas de perfuração offshore inseridas no mercado de óleo e gás. Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho se baseia no método de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura. Resultados: Na análise da literatura não foram encontrados trabalhos aplicados ao contexto da perfuração offshore, porém, foram identificadas publicações relevantes que tratam dos temas de interesse da pesquisa, sendo algumas delas inseridas na área de óleo e gás. Após análise dessas publicações foi possível extrair os requisitos mais importantes a serem observados pelas empresas ao implantar um modelo de gestão de desempenho em sua cadeia de suprimentos. Limitações da investigação: A principal limitação do estudo é a não aplicação, ou testes, dos requisitos em situações reais, aspecto que pode ser abordado em trabalhos futuros. Implicações práticas: Os resultados da pesquisa se mostram importantes no aspecto prático ao oferecer às organizações uma especificação de quais requisitos devem ser satisfeitos na busca de um melhor gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos. Originalidade/valor: Sua relevância também se dá na área acadêmica, por meio do preenchimento de uma lacuna de conhecimento apontada por publicações ao longo das últimas décadas e sugerida também pelos resultados da Revisão Sistemática de Literatura.
Palavras-chave: Cadeia de suprimentos; Requisitos para gestão de desempenho; Óleo e gás; Perfuração offshore; Revisão Sistemática da Literatura.
cultivo de Epinephelus marginatus (Iowe, 1834) no Brasil
Authors: Nogueira Matias João Felipe , Da Silva Lobão de Souza Alex , Lobão de Souza Raimundo Aderson , Portilho de Sousa Maia Breno , Ferreira Brabo Marcos , Dias Pragana Alan , Lisboa Viviana
Published: December 2023

Esta produção objetivou realizar uma abordagem cienciométrica sobre as pesquisas envolvendo o cultivo de Epinephelus marginatus no Brasil, durante o período de 2002 a 2022, utilizando diferentes bases de dados virtuais. Com base cienciometria, os dados foram analisados quali-quantitativamente para gerar as perspectivas sobre a temática. Foram encontradas 20 produções acadêmico-científicas desenvolvidas por autores em diversas partes do país, com predomínio de dissertações, teses e artigos. A distribuição temporal das publicações listadas foi esparsa durante o período analisado, com predominância a partir da primeira década do período estudado. Todos os manuscritos utilizados nessa pesquisa possuem livre acesso ao público, sendo os artigos os mais citados. Os trabalhos publicados foram categorizados e 6 grandes áreas: Crescimento, Reprodução e Larvicultura, Genética, Economia e outros. As duas categorias mais estudadas foram Crescimento e Reprodução e Larvicultura.
Palavras-chave: Aquicultura; Garoupas; Cientometria; Brasil.
OCULOGRAPHIC STUDY ON GREENERY IN INTERIORS OF PUBLC LIBRARIES
Authors:   Director of the Institute of Interior Architecture and Industrial Design Poznan University of Technology, Poland | The Faculty of Architecture, Bonenberg Agata , Wlazły Weronika ,   Poznan University of Technology, Poland | The Faculty of Architecture
Published: December 2023

The concept of biophilic design aims to restore the relationship between humans and nature in the spaces we live in. The study presented in the article concerns public library spaces in which natural greenery was introduced as an integral part of the interior design. The analysis involves quantitative observation with an eye-tracking device. The results demonstrate the rate of observed fixation points presented as heat maps, which describe the connection between the presence of greenery in the interiors and the observers' viewing track. The presented conclusions on desirable qualities and composition of greenery in the interior are applicable in the interior architecture.
IMPACT OF THE STRUCTURE OF BUILD-UP AREA OF CITIES ON THEIR MOBILITY MODEL
Authors:   Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urban Planning and Rural Landscape, Poland, Wiśniewski Leszek S.
Published: December 2023

Transport in urban area is not only infrastructure, it is also a network of functions between which people would like to travel. This is why the spatial structure of the city - the density and compactness of the build-up area, as well as the relation of this area to center or centers of the city is so important. The aim of the article is to analyze modal split data and population distribution in European cities and to present the resulting conclusions, including the conclusions on how to shape the spatial structure of cities in a way that is conducive to development of active mobility.
Christian Chaplains and the Holocaust
Authors: Aretakis Catharine
Published: December 2023

Review of: Doris L. Bergen, Between God and Hitler: Military Chaplains in Nazi Germany (Cambridge University Press, 2023). ISBN: 978-11-084-8770-2, $35 (online edition), 334 p.p.
LapEmerge-trial: laparoscopic approach for emergent colon resection; a multicentre, open label, randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Grönroos-Korhonen Marie Terese , Kössi M. Jyrki Aimo Olavi
Published: December 2023

Background
Because of faster recovery and less morbidity, laparoscopy has become the golden standard in elective colorectal surgery both for benign and malignant disease. A substantial portion of colorectal surgery is however carried out in emergency settings and most of the emergency resections are still performed open. The aim of this study is to compare laparoscopic versus open approach for emergency colorectal surgery.
Method/Design
This is a multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial including adult patients presenting with a condition requiring emergency colorectal resection.
Discussion
Previous studies cautiously recommend wider use of laparoscopy in emergency colorectal resections, but all earlier reports are retrospective, mostly single center studies and have limited number of patients. There might be unpredictable risks with laparoscopy yet not reported because of infrequent use of the technique. A prospective randomized controlled trial is urgently needed to assess the safety of laparoscopy as well as advantages and disadvantages between open and laparoscopic emergency surgery.
Trial registration number: NCT05005117, URL: https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NCT05005117
Tariff Evasion, the Trade Gap, and Structural Trade
Authors: Studnicka Zuzanna
Published: December 2023

While it is well-recognized that there are differences in the trade values reported by exporters and importers, a literature has emerged linking this trade gap to tariff evasion. These efforts, however, lack a structural theoretic underpinning and limit their product-level investigations to a small number of countries. My first contribution is to provide a structural model of endogenous tariff evasion, one which then highlights the importance of both tariffs and border enforcement. My second contribution is to use a global, product-level dataset from 2002-2019, the analysis of which is consistent with my model's predictions.
JEL classification: F13, F14, H26.
Skin-inspired, sensory robots for electronic implants
Authors: Bai Wubin , Zhang Lin , Xing Sicheng , Yin Haifeng , Weisbecker Hannah , Tran Hiep Thanh , Guo Ziheng , Han Tianhong , Wang Yihang , Liu Yihan , Wu Yizhang , Xie Wanrong , Huang Chuqi , Luo Wei , Demaesschalck Michael , McKinney Collin , Hankley Samuel , Huang Amber , Brusseau Brynn , Messenger Jett , Zou Yici
Published: December 2023

Living organisms with motor and sensor units integrated seamlessly demonstrate effective adaptation to dynamically changing environments. Drawing inspiration from cohesive integration of skeletal muscles and sensory skins in these organisms, we present a design strategy of soft robots, primarily consisting of an electronic skin (e-skin) and an artificial muscle, that naturally couples multifunctional sensing and on-demand actuation in a biocompatible platform. We introduce an in situ solution-based method to create an e-skin layer with diverse sensing materials (e.g., silver nanowires, reduced graphene oxide, MXene, and conductive polymers) incorporated within a polymer matrix (e.g., polyimide), imitating complex skin receptors to perceive various stimuli. Biomimicry designs (e.g., starfish and chiral seedpods) of the robots enable various motions (e.g., bending, expanding, and twisting) on demand and realize good fixation and stress-free contact with tissues. Furthermore, integration of a battery-free wireless module into these robots enables operation and communication without tethering, thus enhancing the safety and biocompatibility as minimally invasive implants. Demonstrations range from a robotic cuff encircling a blood vessel for detecting blood pressure, to a robotic gripper holding onto a bladder for tracking bladder volume, an ingestible robot residing inside stomach for pH sensing and on-site drug delivery, and a robotic patch wrapping onto a beating heart for quantifying cardiac contractility, temperature and applying cardiac pacing, highlighting the application versatilities and potentials of the nature-inspired soft robots. Our designs establish a universal strategy with a broad range of sensing and responsive materials, to form integrated soft robots for medical technology and beyond.
Air Quality Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: K Abdul Majeed K , Janubhai Mahammad Abubakar Shaik , Shaik Mohammed Khalid Totlapalli
Published: December 2023

Air pollution is one of the current major problems in the world, and due to this, the quality of air we breathe is becoming worse as the days pass. Air pollution has been increasing rapidly since the year 2010, as most of the reports say that every year since 2015 air pollution has been more than that of total air pollution recorded in the previous whole decade! So, to live a sustainable life, the quality of air we breathe must be good and free of any kind of pollutants. So, to predict and monitor the air quality the data of various air pollutants that decrease the air quality have been collected and used as features for developing a machine learning model which predicts the air quality index of a particular place given the values of the pollutants. Machine learning models like Linear regression, Logistic regression, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) models have been used and compared in terms of their accuracy. Initially, simple machine learning models like linear and logistic regression were trained and achieved good accuracies, later the use of complex artificial neural networks proved to have the highest accuracy of them all on test data sets.
The fitness cost of metallo-β-lactamase expression is a potential target for new therapeutic approaches to carbapenem resistance
Authors: Tu Megan , Carfrae Lindsey , Rachwalski Kenneth , French Shawn , Catacutan Denise , Gordzevich Rodion , MacNair Craig , Speagle Melissa , Werah Firas , Stokes Jonathan , Brown Eric
Published: December 2023

Carbapenem antibiotics represent the most reliable last-resort treatment for bacterial infections. The widespread acquisition of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), such as VIM-2, is a significant contributor to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant pathogens. The absence of clinically available MBL inhibitors necessitates the development of new approaches to treat carbapenem-resistant infections. Herein, we demonstrate that Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing VIM-2 have impaired growth in clinically relevant zinc-deprived environments, including human serum and murine infection models. Using transcriptomic, genomic, and chemical probes, we identified molecular pathways critical for VIM-2 expression in Escherichia coli under zinc limitation. Of particular note were envelope stress response pathways. Disruption of envelope stress response pathways significantly reduced the growth of VIM-2-expressing bacteria in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that VIM-2 expression disrupts the integrity of the outer membrane, rendering VIM-2-expressing bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics that are typically ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria, such as azithromycin. Accordingly, using a systemic murine infection model, we revealed that azithromycin has therapeutic potential in treating VIM-2-expressing Klebsiella pneumoniae. In all, our findings provide a framework to uncover and exploit the fitness trade-offs of resistance, potentially accelerating the discovery of novel treatments for multi-drug resistant bacteria.
Satellite-derived sandy shoreline trends and interannual variability along the Atlantic coast of Europe
Authors: Castelle Bruno , Kras Etiënne , Masselink Gerd , Scott Tim , Konstantinou Aikaterini , Luijendijk Arjen
Published: December 2023

Monitoring sandy shoreline evolution from years to decades is critical to understand the past and predict the future of our coasts. Optical satellite imagery can now infer such datasets globally, but sometimes with large uncertainties, poor spatial resolution, and thus debatable outcomes. Here we validate and analyse satellite-derived-shoreline positions (1984-2021) along the Atlantic coast of Europe using a moving-averaged approach based on distance and coastline orientation. We show that west-facing coasts and sheltered coasts are more prone to long-term erosion and accretion, respectively. Interannual shoreline variability is influenced by regionally dominant atmospheric climate indices, with coastlines not exposed to the dominant wave climate showing weaker and more variable correlation with the indices. Our results provide a spatial continuum between previous local-scale studies and call for applications based on a relevant averaging approach and the inclusion of coastal setting parameters to unravel the forcing-response spectrum of sandy shorelines globally.
The loss of riparian vegetation along streams causes morphological divergences in functional traits of semiaquatic insects (Heteropteran: Gerromorpha) in the eastern Amazon
Authors: Luz-Silva Beatriz , Guterres Alana P. M. , Santana Sol Silva , Cunha Erlane José , Juen Leandro
Published: December 2023

Understanding the effects of mining activities on Amazonian streams and their impact on aquatic communities is of paramount importance in the current context of resource overexploitation in society. In this study, we assessed the significance of the environment and interspecific interactions on the organization patterns of semiaquatic insect species in a mineral extraction region in the eastern Amazon. We utilized the morpho functional characteristics of 22 species from the suborder Gerromorpha (Heteropteran), considering both the abundance and sexual dimorphism of these species. Additionally, we quantified the density of riparian vegetation surrounding each stream to categorize sampling points and evaluate whether there are differences in species distribution patterns among categories. We sampled 16 sites, categorized into two treatments based on the percentage of riparian vegetation in forested and deforested areas located in the Capim River Basin. We did not find the action of environmental filters on the total assembly; however, we found significant morphological divergence for all the traits analyzed. On the other hand, the separation of streams into treatments with different portions of riparian vegetation showed that there are significant differences between them regarding species distribution patterns. Forested streams within a 500m radius have species distributed over a larger area, indicating that these streams have greater resource availability or that species can use these resources more efficiently. Our results demonstrate the importance of riparian vegetation for the studied communities, as well as for mitigating the impacts caused by mining activities.
Isolation and Identification of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheim Hemolytica from Pneumonic Small Ruminants in Haramaya District, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Abdulkadir Mohammed , Nuguse Taju , Kebede Isayas Asefa
Published: December 2023

Background
Pasteurella species are frequently encountered as serious pathogens in small ruminants.
Methods
The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to April 2023 in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia, to isolate and identify Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica and estimate their prevalence, associated risk factors, and antimicrobial sensitivity of isolates in small ruminants using a purposive sampling method. A total of 384 samples (156 nasal swabs from clinic cases and 228 lung swabs from abattoir cases) were collected. STATA 14 statistical software was used to examine the data. In addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate other factors.
Results
Out of the 384 samples analyzed, 164 were positive for Pasteurella, resulting in a 42.70% infection rate. 63 (38.4%) of the 164 positive results were from nasal swabs, while 101 (61.6%) came from lung samples. Mannheimia haemolytica accounted for 126 (76.82%) of the isolates, while Pasteurella multocida accounted for 38 (23.17%). Of the 63 nasal swab isolates, 33 (37%) were from goats and 30 (42.8%) were from sheep. And 17 (10.89%) and 46 (29.58%), respectively, were P. multocida and M. haemolytica. 46 (40%) of the 101 (44.3%) isolates of pneumonic lung samples were from goats, while 55 (48.47%) were from sheep. In this study, the factors of species, age, and BCS were found to be significant (p 0.05) predictors of Pasteurellosis. Pasteurella isolates evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility were resistant to Oxacillin (90.90%), Gentamycin (72.72%), and Penicillin (63.63%), but responsive to Chloramphenicol (90.90%), Tetracycline (63.63%), and Ampicillin (54.54%).
Conclusion
This study discovered that M. haemolytica and P. multocida are the most common causes of pasteurellosis in small ruminants, and isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics in the study area. As a result, an integrated immunization strategy, antimicrobial resistance monitoring, and avoidance of stress-inducing factor induction are recommended.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width acts as a novel predictor of Mortality in critically ill Patients with Atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yang Ting , Cheng Wenlin , Tong Chuanfeng , Huang Xiaobo
Published: December 2023

Background: Red blood cell distribution Width（RDW）has been emerged as an important indicator of in-hospital mortality rate in critically ill patients in multiple diseases. Recently, several studies indicate that increased RDW may be positive associated with a higher in-hospital death rate caused by Atrial Fibrillation（AF）development. Nevertheless, the relationship between poor prognosis of atrial fibrillation and RDW is currently not specified. The current research was aimed to verify the relationship between in-hospital mortality rate caused by atrial fibrillation and RDW.
Result: A total popularity of 6555 critically ill patients with AF from MIMIC database matched the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Using a multivariate logistic regression, two different models were utilized to verify the correlation between RDW and in-hospital mortality rate attributed by AF. After adjusting the confounding factors, the adjusted model shows that upregulated RDW level was linked to an increase in 90-day mortality compared with the control group (RDW 16.1-27.9 % versus 11.3-13.7%: OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.1 P trend <0.0001)，and hospital mortality had the same trend.
Conclusions: These evidences suggested that high RDW level may be an independent criterion predictor and positive associated with increased in-hospital mortality rate of critically AF patients.
Is the future given? Cumulative impact of Climate change and MOSE closures on Venice and its lagoon.
Authors: Canu Donata Melaku , Aveytua-Alcazar Leslie , Laurent Celia , Rosati Ginevra , Solidoro Cosimo
Published: December 2023

Measures to adapt to climate change (CC) might have secondary adverse effects. In Venice, the hotly debated MOSE system will prevent the flooding of the city, but also the water renewal of the lagoon, and since the frequency of the closures will increase with CC, concerns are raised on the fate of the lagoon ecosystem1,2,3. Nonetheless, a systematic downscaling of the cumulative impact of CC on the Venice lagoon under multiple emission scenarios and with or without the associated MOSE closures was not presented yet. Here we show that the systematic implementation of MOSE closures will efficiently buffer the CC impact on sea level rise, but not on temperature, and in any case at the cost of a significant increment in the lagoon water renewal time. However, results also emphasize that the future is not given, and a combination of more conservative emission scenarios and MOSE might be able to save both Venice and its lagoon. Model projections suggest that at the end of the century, under the RCP8.5 scenario the lagoon will stay close for about 260 days/year, lagoon water will exceed 30°C for more than 4 months, marine heat waves will dramatically increase, the average water renewal time will triplicate and more than 35% of the lagoon will need more than 20 days to renew its water. Those impacts will be much less severe, and possibly much less challenging for marine organisms, under the RCP4.5 scenario. Results emphasize the necessity of combining global mitigation and local adaption but stress the need of site-specific carefully planned adaptation measures. They also show that the future is not written, and we are still in time to adopt choices able to protect our environment.
HER2 quantitative continuous scoring for accurate patient selection in HER2-negative trastuzumab deruxtecan–treated breast cancer
Authors: Kapil Ansh , Spitzmüller Andreas , Brieu Nicolas , Haneder Susanne , Shumilov Anatoliy , Meier Armin , Cecchi Fabiola , Barkell Alice , Harder Nathalie , Schneider Katrin , Hidalgo-Sastre Ana , Alleze Regina , Schick Markus , Schmidt Günter , Sade Hadassah , Tsuchihashi Zenta , Suto Fumitaka , Gustavson Mark , Barrett J. Carl , Carroll Danielle
Published: December 2023

Many targeted cancer therapies rely on biomarkers assessed by scoring of immunohistochemically (IHC)-stained tissue, which is subjective, semiquantitative, and does not account for expression heterogeneity. We describe an image analysis-based method for quantitative continuous scoring (QCS) of digital whole-slide images acquired from baseline human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) IHC-stained breast cancer tissue. Candidate signatures for patient stratification using QCS of HER2 expression on subcellular compartments were identified, addressing the spatial distribution of tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Using data from trastuzumab deruxtecan-treated patients with HER2-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer from a phase 1 study (NCT02564900; DS8201-A-J101; N = 151), QCS-based patient stratification showed longer progression-free survival (14.8 vs 8.6 months) with higher prevalence of patient selection (76.4 vs 56.9%) and a better cross-validated log-rank p value (0.026 vs 0.26) than manual scoring based on the American Society of Clinical Oncology / College of American Pathologists guidelines. QCS-based features enriched the HER2-negative subgroup by correctly predicting 20 of 26 responders.
Effect of air sterilizers in an outpatient clinic at a tertiary university hospital
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Yeom Sujung , Lee Hwa Sin , Cho Hyong-Ho
Published: December 2023

Background: After the COVID-19 outbreak, interest in airborne virus infections has increased. In lieu of natural ventilation, mechanical sources of ventilation are required to help reduce the occurrence of airborne viruses. With this in mind, we attempted to confirm whether mechanical ventilation could diminish the presence of airborne toxins by installing a recently developed air sterilizer in a newly remodeled outpatient clinic at a tertiary university hospital.
Methods: After remodeling the ENT outpatient clinic at Chonnam National University Hospital, 15 KOKKOS air sterilizers (Bentech Frontier Co., Ltd., Gwangju, Korea) were installed. Total culturable microorganisms (TCMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured in five separate inspection areas three days before installation, two weeks after installation, and four weeks after installation.
Results: After measurement of TCMs, improvement in air quality occurred two weeks after air sterilizer instatement at all timepoints except inspection area 5, and further improvement was achieved after four weeks (p< 0.05). After assessment of VOCs, improvement occurred four weeks after air sterilizer connection at all points (p< 0.05).
Conclusions: KOKKOS air sterilizers are effective in improving air quality in an outpatient clinic at a tertiary university hospital.
Endocrine Traits During Pregnancy in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Insights from a Prospective Cohort Study in China
Authors: Cao Qi , Liu Dong , Zhu Huili , Wang Qiuyi , Tan Jing , Huang Xin , Li Yujing , Wang Ruiying , Zhou Rong , Huang Wei
Published: December 2023

Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) poses a significant endocrine-metabolic health concern. During pregnancy, PCOS-related endocrine and metabolic disorders are likely to worsen, leading to adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes. Despite existing studies, there is a lack of prospective research focused on Chinese populations. It is imperative to establish a cohort of Chinese women with PCOS to investigate pregnancy-related endocrine traits, providing valuable insights into maternal and neonatal outcomes specific to this demographic.
Methods
A total of 91 participants (33 PCOS, 58 non-PCOS) were enrolled in this study. Thorough evaluations of endocrine metabolic parameters were conducted at 12–16 weeks, 24–28 weeks, and 32–36 weeks of gestation. Primary outcome: Total testosterone (T), hormone binding protein (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI). Secondary outcome: Fasting insulin (FINS), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Logistic regression models were employed for group comparisons and confounder control.
Results
PCOS women exhibited higher T and FAI levels compared to non-PCOS women across all gestational windows (All P < 0.001), even after adjusting for factors including pre-pregnancy BMI. PCOS women exhibited elevated FINS levels and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at 12–16 weeks of gestation, as well as higher FINS levels at 32–36 weeks of gestation. Upon adjusting for factors including pre-pregnancy BMI, the initial differences in glucose metabolism dissipated. PCOS women displayed a subtle departure in lipid metabolism, manifesting solely as decreased levels of HDL at 12–16 weeks of gestation (P = 0.046).
Conclusion
This investigation sheds light on the intricate metabolic landscape of PCOS during pregnancy, characterized by persistent testosterone elevation and altered glucose metabolism. Elevated pre-pregnancy BMI played a crucial role in exacerbating altered glucose metabolism, rather than elevated androgens. The findings offer a nuanced insight into the interplay between PCOS, pregnancy, and metabolic dynamics, enriching our understanding of this multifaceted relationship.
Correlation Between the State of the Temporomandibular Joint and Gynecological Status in Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Novikov Vadym , Korostashova Mariia , Korovina Lidiia , Hohol Andrii , Pankevych Artur , Kolisnyk Inna
Published: December 2023

Introduction
The processes of synthesis and degradation of connective tissue are closely related to hormonal fluctuations occurring in the female body at various stages of development. Based on this, it can be assumed that the state of the cartilage and bone tissue of the components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) depends on the physiological state of the female body. The objective of this study is to establish correlations between the anamnestic data of gynecological health and the presence of pathologies of the temporomandibular joint in women of reproductive age.
Methods
For the study, 49 female patients of reproductive age with temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) were selected.
Among the gynecological health history data, we selected the following parameters: hysterectomy, breast cancer, oophorectomy, number of deliveries, number of abortions, number of miscarriages, presence of thyroid gland cyst, presence of ovarian cyst, use of hormonal contraceptives, elevated prolactin level in the blood, hypothyroidism, autoimmune thyroiditis in the anamnesis, mastopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, and uterine fibromatosis.
TMJ pathologies were differentiated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The presence of correlation coefficients was checked using the Real Statistics 2019 extension for Microsoft Office Excel by calculating Kendall's tau (τ). Correlation ratios were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
Results
Statistically significant correlations between pathologies of the temporomandibular joint and anamnestic data of gynecological status are observed only in relation to childbirth, abortions, ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids and pathologies of the thyroid gland, including hypothyroidism, and autoimmune thyroiditis.
Conclusions
The presence of the aforementioned pathologies in the anamnesis of a woman of reproductive age can serve as a basis for a detailed study of these processes and their impact on the condition of the temporomandibular joint.
Morning temperature decrease with increasing humidity
Authors: Zhmakin V. M.
Published: December 2023

The decrease in morning temperature, sometimes with the appearance of frost, is explained by radiation cooling of the surface. Surface and atmospheric temperatures decrease interdependently at night. Stronger abnormal cooling of the surface atmosphere and soils, up to frosts outside the tropical zone, appear after the onset of astronomical dawn. This can happen in clear weather with a general discrete decrease in temperature and an increase in humidity in the absence of the influence of other factors. The increase in humidity with a decrease in temperature is caused by morning heating and evaporation of moisture concentrated overnight in the surface atmosphere, with its outflow into the troposphere. It is heated and cooled by evaporation much more than the rest of the troposphere, due to the concentration of moisture. Scattered radiation after reflection by the surface turns into long-wave radiation with its absorption by steam and heating of the surface atmosphere. Such heating leads to rapid evaporation of suspended droplets and dew with cooling of the surface, sometimes before the frost appears. The troposphere is slowly heated at dawn by scattered and direct radiation in the illuminated part. This work will make it possible to more reliably predict the morning weather and the appearance of frosts for timely protection of crops from damage.
An analytic, efficient and optimal readout algorithmfor compact interferometers based on deep frequencymodulation
Authors: Eckhardt Tobias , Gerberding Oliver
Published: December 2023

Compact laser interferometers with large dynamic range are one of the core emerging tools to improve low frequencyperformance in gravitational wave detectors by providing local displacement sensing with sub pm Hz−0.5 precision. Strongsinusoidal frequency modulations are used in such laser interferometers to create heterodyne-like photodetector signals fromwhich the phase and other parameters, such as the absolute distance, can be extracted. The nested sinusoidal function insuch signals is a challenge for the real-time parameter estimation in low-noise applications. In this article, we present analgorithm to calculate exact signal parameters in a non-iterative way from such interferometric signals. The algorithm makesuse of a recurrence relation between Bessel functions to enable a direct extraction of modulation parameters from the signal.Additionally, the algorithm is capable of dealing with high phase dynamics where the Doppler-shift of the signal becomesrelevant and can limit the range and precision of the parameter estimation if not accounted for. Simulations show that thealgorithm is computationally efficient, can be well parallelised and the phase estimation is close to optimal precision given bythe Cramer-Rao lower bound of the signal parameters.
Overall survival is similar between laparoscopic liver resection versus percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma≦3.0 cm
Authors: Yen Yi-Hao , Li Wei-Feng , Hung Chao-Hung , Chen Chien-Hung , Kee Kwong-Ming , Liu Yueh-Wei , Wang Chih-Chi , Lin Chih-Yun
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Inconsistent results have been noted for the difference in survival outcome between laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (pRFA) for single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤ 3.0 cm in size. We aimed to clarify this issue.
Methods
From 2011 to 2021, 232 patients undergoing LLR and 507 patients undergoing pRFA for early-stage HCC with a single tumor of ≤ 3.0 cm were enrolled. The patients had Child–Pugh class A liver disease. Survival analysis with propensity score matching (PSM) was performed using the Kaplan − Meier method.
Results
Before PSM, LLR was associated with a significant survival benefit compared to pRFA (five-year overall survival [OS]: p = 0.034; five-year recurrence-free survival [RFS]: p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the pRFA vs LR comparison was not associated with five-year OS (p = 0.063); however, it was associated with inferior five-year RFS (p < 0.001). After PSM, five‐year OS did not differ significantly between the two groups (p = 0.184); however, LLR resulted in superior RFS compared to pRFA (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
LLR resulted in superior five-year RFS compared to pRFA in treating early-stage HCC with a single tumor ≤ 3.0 cm in size; however, five-year OS was not significantly different between LLR and pRFA.
Modelling and Evaluating Restricted ESNs on Single- and Multi-Timescale Problems
Authors: Wringe Chester , Stepney Susan , Trefzer Martin A.
Published: December 2023

Reservoir Computing is a computing model ideal for performing computation on varied physical substrates. However, these physical reservoirs can be difficult to scale up. We propose joining various reservoirs together as an approach to solving this problem, simulating physical reservoirs with Echo State Networks (ESNs).We investigate various methods of combining ESNs to form larger reservoirs, including a method that we dub Restricted ESNs. We provide a notation for describing Restricted ESNs, and use it to benchmark a standard ESN against restricted ones. We investigate two methods to keep the weight matrix density consistent when comparing a Restricted ESN to a standard one, which we call overall consistency and patch consistency. We benchmark restricted ESNs on NARMA10 and the sunspot prediction benchmark, and find that restricted ESNs perform similarly to standard ones.We present some application scenarios in which restricted ESNs may offer advantages over standard ESNs. We then test restricted ESNs on a version of the multi-timescale Multiple Superimposed Sines tasks, in order to establish a baseline performance that can be improved upon in further work. We conclude that we can scale up reservoir performance by linking small homogeneous subreservoirs together without significant loss in performance over a single large reservoir,justifying future work on using heterogeneous subreservoirs for greater flexibility.