bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implications of English as an International Language for Language Pedagogy
Authors: Tan Kim Hua , Farashaiyan Atieh , Sahragard Rahman , Faryabi Fatemeh
Published: November 2019

The position of the English language in the world has recently underwent an enormous shift. The global spread of English has altered its status from being a homogeneous and standard language spoken by a few powerful countries into an international language or lingua franca spoken by a wide variety of speakers around the world (Llurda, 2014). The unprecedented global demand, use, and appropriation of English as an international language (EIL) necessitates a profession-wide response to English language learning, teaching, teacher education, assessment, and policy. The international status of English and increase in the number of EIL learners require a teaching agenda that incorporates pedagogical approaches that teach English based on EIL principles (Matsuda, 2017). The current study attempts to discuss the implications of EIL on issues related to language pedagogy, such as culture and intercultural competence in EIL, native-like competence, English teachers in the EIL pedagogy, language assessment in EIL and EIL teacher education. The studies show that EIL as a means of intercultural communication in a wide range of contexts calls for a reconceptualisation of language pedagogy It is concluded that despite the extensive discussions on the role of students’ first language culture for EIL learners, English textbooks and classrooms continue to rely on the target culture and ignore the students’ own culture. Therefore, EIL has yet to be fully incorporated language education despite extensive studies that have been conducted on its role.
Are Bulk/Container Shipping Companies Improving Compared to the Baltic Dry Index?
Authors: Barrows Samuel D.
Published: November 2019

This study evaluates the 2000-2017 time frame and assesses the performance of the bulk/container shipping industry before and after the Great Financial Crisis (GFC) in relation to the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) and two other benchmarks in a variety of combinations. This study evaluates two different period portfolios of shipping companies based on their stock price total return performance. Five cases are presented that demonstrate portfolio improvement when comparing performance after the GFC with performance before the GFC in relation to the BDI and the other benchmarks. Included are discussions on shipping industry competition, vessel utilization and freight rates plus the BDI as an economic activity predictor.
Regional Identity’s Role in Cambodian Microfinance Adoption: Pushing, Pulling and Mooring Factors
Authors: Sun Wei , Dedahanov Alisher Tohirovich , Shin Ho Young , Kim Ki Su
Published: November 2019

By sampling usage intention factors of users in rural Cambodia, the study shows their effects on usage intention by integrating PPM and Reinforcement Sensitivity theories. Most of the behavioral factors are adopted from previous research. Perceived risk, reward sensitivity and knowledge prove to have significant effect on usage intention whereas regional identity does not. Regional identity proves to have moderating and negative effects on relationships between reward sensitivity, perceived risk, knowledge, and usage intention. The research results reinforce major roles for both government and microfinance institutions in considering and providing insights for future policy, management and investigations.
A Case Study on Factors Influencing Online Apparel Consumption and Satisfaction between China and Ghana
Authors: Ocran Francisca M. , Ji Xiaofen , Cai Liling
Published: November 2019

The study explores and compares the influence of perceived online shopping benefits namely convenience, pricing, and wider selection towards online satisfaction between China and Ghana. It also seeks to explore the factors that motivate individuals to shop online. Further, the problem(s) faced by both countries in shopping online is examined. Descriptive analysis, correlation, Anova and regression analysis were used in assessing and comparing consumers’ online experience. It was found that there is a high prevalent rate (97.5%) of online apparel shopping among Chinese and Ghanaian respondents where the prevalent rate of patronizing online apparel was relatively higher among Chinese youth than the Ghanaian. Convenience, internet usage proficiency and easy access to internet were the main factors that facilitates online apparel shopping among the respondents. Level of income makes the difference in rate online apparel patronization between Chinese and the Ghanaian. On the contrary, level of income, Trust, and Privacy and confidentiality of personal information were found as challenges discourages Ghanaians online apparel consumers likewise Chinese consumers.
Exploring Short Video Application Users’ Visit Intention: Applying the Stimulus-Organism-Response Model
Authors: Li Mao-Hua
Published: November 2019

This paper aims to extend the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model to social media context in China and validate the positive influence between short video, destination image, perceived interactivity, and short video application users’ visit intention. Data were collected through an online survey, a PLS-SEM analysis was used. The results (n=236) show that video quality significantly affects both the cognitive and affective image of the video destination, and the perceived interactivity significantly influences their behavioral intention. This study makes up for the deficiency of the theoretical research of social media and helps tourism departments to develop appropriate promotion strategies to destinations.
The Role of Forced Migration in Changing the Workforce Diversity Structure and Performance Standards: The Case of Jordan
Authors: Noor Al-Jedaiah Mohamad
Published: November 2019

Migration is forming a new challenge for governmental and labor markets. The effect on workforce diversity and competiveness is considered crucial consequence of internal and external migration. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of migration on workforce diversity in Jordan. The results showed that the external immigration to Jordan due to crisis is controlled to great extent by government. Moreover, the regulation of government of this workforce minimize its effect on local workforce market. Invisible and out of control effect resulted of local migration, which increased in the last years due to high opportunities in some governorate and the concentration of commercials in these areas. Such migration is not controlled and requires the collection of more figures, as well as deep investigation on workforce diversity.
The Impact of Intelligent Manufacturing on Export Sophistication: Evidence from Industrial Robots
Authors: Gu Lihua
Published: November 2019

We analyze the relationship between intelligent manufacturing and export sophistication from the perspective of industrial robots. We use industrial robot panel data from International Federation of Robotics in 70 countries from 1995 to 2016. Our empirical research shows that if a country increases 1% of industrial robots in production process, export sophistication will increase 0.0036%. The result is very robust when we use two kind of proxy variables. And we also find that financial crisis depresses the effect of industrial robots on export sophistication. Our estimates suggest that intelligent manufacturing is a way to realize export upgrading in the background of a new industrial revolution. Countries without producing any industrial robots can import some robots from other countries to increase export sophistication.
Blow-up for Discretizations of a Nonlinear Parabolic Equation With Nonlinear Memory and Mixt Boundary Condition
Authors: Zié Camara , Firmin N’gohisse Konan , Gozo Yoro
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we study the numerical approximation for the following initial-boundary value problem

v_t=v_{xx}+v^q\int_{0}^{t}v^p(x,s)ds, x\in(0,1), t\in(0,T)

v(0,t)=0, v_x(1,t)=0, t\in(0,T)

v(x,0)=v_0(x)>0}, x\in(0,1)

where q>1, p>0. Under some assumptions, it is  shown that the solution of a semi-discrete form of this problem blows up in the finite time and estimate its semi-discrete blow-up time. We also prove that the semi-discrete blows-up time converges to the real one when the mesh size goes to zero. A similar study has been also undertaken for a discrete form of the above problem. Finally, we give some numerical results to illustrate our analysis.
A Proposed Educational Role for Jordanian Universities to Integrate Education into Sustainable Development in the Educational Learning Process
Authors: Abu Al Nadi Maram Fuad
Published: November 2019

This study well shed some light on a proposed role for Jordanian universities to integrate education on sustainable development in the educational learning process, the study used the descriptive method, and a questionnaire of (30) terms has been set.

 The validity of the tool was verified. 300 faculty members from Jordanian official universities namely: Jordan, Yarmouk and Mutata University, were randomly selected. The study concluded the following results:

-The opinion of the faculty members of Jordanian universities on the idea of integrating education with sustainable development in the educational process was moderate.

- The study showed differences in statistical semantics, depending on the type of the faculty, academic rank and gender, where these indications favored the scientific colleges, professorship rank and female sex.

- The study hopes that the Ministry of Higher Education will take the concept of sustainable development in the educational process to enhance cooperation between universities and public and private institutions in society, in order to develop new and innovative disciplines that meet the needs of the new stage.
Perspectivas actuales en didáctica de la literatura
Authors: Munita Felipe
Published: November 2019

Introducción al monográfico sobre perspectivas actuales en didáctica de la literatura.
Mycobacterium bovis in humans and M. tuberculosis in animals in Nigeria: an overview from 1975–2014
Authors: Cadmus S. , Akinseye V. Oluwatoyin , van Soolingen D.
Published: November 2019

Zoonotic transmission of mycobacteria between humans and other animal species is an important aspect of the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in regions of the world where the burden of the disease in humans and other animals is high. This is particularly important in areas in which
sociocultural factors increase the possibility for interspecies transmission of different mycobacteria. Carrying out a review of the published literature involving laboratory-confirmed TB cases (by culture) and/or biochemical and molecular identification, we described the presence of Mycobacterium
bovis and M. tuberculosis infections in humans and animals from 1975 to 2014. Overall, 1693 isolates of M. tuberculosis complex and other mycobacteria were identified and reported, of which 1131 represented M. tuberculosis, 286 represented M. bovis, 71 represented
M. africanum, and 205 represented other mycobacteria. Importantly, 1.3% (15/1131) of the M. tuberculosis isolates reported were identified in cattle, while 8.0% (23/286) of the M. bovis isolates reported were isolated from humans. We suggest that representative sampling
of TB cases in both hosts, studied by molecular identification tools, will help significantly in deciphering ongoing transmission between animals and humans in both directions and will enhance TB control in Nigeria.
Tuberculosis patients with higher levels of poverty face equal or greater costs of illness
Authors: Erlinger S. , Stracker N. , Hanrahan C. , Nonyane S. , Mmolawa L. , Tampi R. , Tucker A. , West N. , Lebina L. , Martinson N. A. , Dowdy D.
Published: November 2019

SETTING: Fifty-six public clinics in Limpopo Province, South Africa.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between tuberculosis (TB) patient costs and poverty as measured by a multidimensional poverty index.DESIGN: We performed cross-sectional interviews
of consecutive patients with TB. TB episode costs were estimated from self-reported income, travel costs, and care-seeking time. Poverty was assessed using the South African Multidimensional Poverty Index (SAMPI) deprivation score (a 12-item household-level index), with higher scores indicating
greater poverty. We used multivariable linear regression to adjust for age, sex, human immunodeficiency virus status and travel time.RESULTS: Among 323 participants, 108 (33%) were ‘deprived' (deprivation score >0.33). For each 0.1-unit increase in deprivation score, absolute
TB episode costs were 1.11 times greater (95%CI 0.97–1.26). TB episode costs were 1.19 times greater with each quintile of higher deprivation score (95%CI 1.00–1.40), but lower by a factor of 0.54 with each quintile of lower self-reported income (higher poverty, 95%CI 0.46–0.62).CONCLUSION:
Individuals experiencing multidimensional poverty and the cost of tuberculosis illness in Limpopo, South Africa faced equal or higher costs of TB than non-impoverished patients. Individuals with lower self-reported income experienced higher costs as a proportion of household income but lower
absolute costs. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce the economic burden of TB on patients with multidimensional poverty.
Diagnostic yield of sputum induction in patients with pleural tuberculosis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi
Authors: Sumalani K. K. , Akhter N. , Chawla D. , Rizvi N. A.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Xpert® MTB/RIF assay in induced sputum (IS) specimens in patients with pleural tuberculosis (TB).DESIGN: A total of 156 patients
were evaluated at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from April 2016 to December 2017. Patients with exudative lymphocytic pleural effusions with normal lung parenchyma on chest radiography were included in the study: 102 were due to tuberculous and 54 due to non-tuberculous
infections as diagnosed using thoracoscopic pleural biopsy. IS samples were sent for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, AFB culture and Xpert assay.RESULT: In patients with a clinical diagnosis of TB, mycobacteria were detected in IS AFB smear in 7.8%, AFB culture in 21.6% and Xpert
assay in 34.3% of cases. All sputum samples collected from patients with non-tuberculous aetiology were negative.CONCLUSION: Testing IS samples for M. tuberculosis provides another approach to diagnosing pleural TB, especially in settings in which invasive procedures are
less accessible. Our study also emphasises the contagiousness of pleural TB, and the need to screen the household contacts of these patients and possible isolation of patients with pleural TB admitted to hospital.
Performance of a household tuberculosis exposure survey among children in a Latin American setting
Authors: Coit J. , Mendoza M. , Pinedo C. , Marin H. , Chiang S. S. , Lecca L. , Franke M.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a survey that quantifies the intensity of household tuberculosis (TB) exposure among children.METHODS: Children aged 0–14 years in Lima, Peru, with ≥1 signs and/or symptoms of TB and a history of contact with an adult
TB patient were included. The 10-question survey was administered to caregivers and addressed sleep proximity, frequency of exposure, and infectiousness of the contact. Infection status was determined using tuberculin skin tests (TSTs). The exposure scale was evaluated for association with
TST positivity using mixed-effects regression analyses.RESULTS: The exposure score was significantly associated with TST positivity (age-adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.14, 95%CI 1.02–1.28). We observed a stronger association with TST positivity in children aged ≤5 years; (aOR
1.23, 95%CI 1.07–1.41) and no association in children 6–14 years of age (aOR 0.99, 95%CI 0.82–1.20).CONCLUSION: This survey was easy to use and modestly successful in predicting TST positivity in children aged ≤5 years. It may be a useful resource for clinicians
for diagnosing TB in children, and for national TB programs aiming to scale up preventive therapy initiatives.
Relationship between airway obstruction and C-reactive protein levels in a community-based population of Korea
Authors: Yoo B. , Lee S. H. , Kim S. Y. , Leem A. Y. , Chung K. S. , Kim E. Y. , Jung J. Y. , Kang Y. A. , Park M. S. , Chang J. , Kim Y. S. , Park Y.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and lung function in a community-based cohort of South Korea.DESIGN: The Ansung-Ansan cohort database (an ongoing prospective study of a community-based population) was
used in the analysis. We defined airway obstruction as the ratio between forced expiratory volume in 1 sec:forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1:FVC) of <95% of the predicted value for a healthy person. We also used the serum level of hs-CRP as a marker of inflammation. Multivariate
analysis was performed with adjustment for the clinical characteristics of the participants.RESULTS: A total of 5528 individuals were eligible for the study. The average age was 55.1 years, and 47.8% were males. The prevalence of airway obstruction was 9.0%, and the mean hs-CRP
level was 1.51 mg/dl. Serum hs-CRP levels increased with the severity of airway obstruction, and the latter worsened with an increase in the hs-CRP level. In multivariate analysis, as the hs-CRP level increased, FEV1 and FVC decreased. A higher FEV1:FVC ratio was associated
with lower hs-CRP levels in males.CONCLUSION: Higher hs-CRP levels were associated with decreased FEV1 and FVC in a general population of Korea. The FEV1:FVC ratio decreased with an increase in the hs-CRP level in males.
„Moje siostrzyce po piórze”. Jane Austen wobec poprzedniczek
Authors: Magnone Lena
Published: November 2019

The paper, starting from the analysis of Northanger Abbey, suggests reflection on the attitude of Jane Austen to her predecessors, Ann Radcliffe, Fanny Burney and Maria Edgeworth etc., but also the other both fertile and popular authors of the end of 18th and the beginning of 19th century. Using the research of Dale Spender and Brian Corman, the author presents the novelist as a conscious heiress of a significant, though successfully marginalised in the Victorian period and overlooked even today, female literary tradition. Taken from Linda Hutcheon, the definition of parody allows to compare in the end Northanger Abbey to Strach w Zameczku of the first Polish novelist, who referred in a very similar way to her foreign predecessors, Anna Mostowska.
Jane Austen (dla) Josepha Conrada
Authors: Samsel Karol
Published: November 2019

The understanding of Jane Austen was for Joseph Conrad (probably) the condition of the understanding of the English soul as such. And, even if we roam around fascinating hypotheses, it is worth formulating them – mainly because they are a new key to the reading of the works of the author of Lord Jim. His problems with the literary heritage of Austen could be affected by different, numerous factors: 1) the growing popularity of Janeites; 2) the authority of, appreciating the author of Mansfield Park, Henry James; 3) the feeling of being lost of the Polish writer in the situation of the late novelist debut; 4) the literary tradition of the Ukrainian School in the Polish Romanticism, in which he was raised and he formed his personality. Conrad could make an attempt of dealing with, incomprehensible for himself, Austen in the 1910s, in the period of jubilees of the editions of her novels. In this spirit, it is worthy to read again such prose texts of Conrad, as: Zwycięstwo (1915) and Ocalenie (1920), but above all – the earliest from this group – Gra losu (1913).
Multi-organ trauma with rupture and Stanford type B dissection of thoracic aorta. Management sequence. Current possibilities of medical treatment
Authors: Majewski Włodzimierz , Samad Rabih , Bąk Paweł , Wardyn Jarosław , Dec Paweł
Published: November 2019

A case of a 46-year-old car driver struck with great force by a tram through the driver’s door is presented. The main trauma consisted in chest injury with multi-rib fracture along with rupture and dissection of the thoracic aorta. Immediate medical rescue actions consisted only in procedures necessary to support vital functions; the patient survived owing to being promptly transported to the Emergency Department to undergo thoracotomy and laparotomy with massive blood transfusion. Polytrauma angio-CT scan revealed a posttraumatic thoracic aorta lesion which in turn was treated by deployment of an endovascular thoracic stent graft. This way, the immediate risk of death was averted, and the remaining traumatic lesions and conditions could be treated. Patient was discharged to a Rehabilitation Center on the 49th day of treatment. The authors stress that trauma resulting from accidents with this particular mechanism, i.e. lateral car crash on the driver’s side with the driver’s door being staved in by the tram, should be managed by immediate transport of the patient to the Emergency Center. In such cases early drainage of the pleural cavity can deteriorate patient’s status by increasing the bleeding from the ruptured aorta.
Power Quality Investigation of Single Phase Grid-connected Inverter of Photovoltaic System
Authors: Alawasa Khaled M. , Al-Odienat Abdullah I.
Published: November 2019

There is a growing demand for renewable energy resources in countries all around the world. Among renewable energy resources, solar energy is a prominent and promising alternative to meet future electricity needs. Recently, the renewable energy regulations in Jordan have been modified to allow customers to install their own photovoltaic (PV) generators to cover their full energy consumption. This study investigated the power quality profile of single-phase grid-connected PV system in a typical Jordanian low voltage electrical system. The following electrical parameters were monitored: voltage, current, harmonics contents, total harmonics distortion (THD), active power, reactive power, and power factor. Detailed investigations and analyses were made.
Design of Elastomeric Bridge Bearing Pad Compound Formula Based on Hydrogenated Natural Rubber
Authors: Puspitasari Santi , Cifriadi Adi
Published: November 2019

Laminated elastomeric bearing pad which is commonly produced by natural or chloroprene rubber is functioned as isolation system in bridge or flyover structures. In the research, hydrogenated natural rubber (HNR) was evaluated its feasibility to be used as base elastomer on steel-laminated bearing pad production by designing rubber compound formula. The compounding procedures of HNR applied various vulcanization system and carbon black filler types. The physical and mechanical tests result showed that only hardness parameter could fill the standar quality requirement of commercial elastomeric bearing pad as stated in AASHTO M251 in the range of 50 "“ 70 Shore A scale. The tensile property and compression set value of the HNR vulcanizates were under the requirement. This was due to low rubber-filler interaction and rigidity of crosslink network. The low interaction was more evident with increasing carbon filler particle size. By adjusting semi efficient vulcanization system and used N220 as carbon filler in designing compound formula,HNR was regarded as alternative promosing base elastomer for elastomeric bridge bearing pad manufacture. Nevertheless, it was necessary to improve the procedure to achieve better tesile property and compression set parameter.
Auf der Suche nach dem „genetischen Code“: römisches Recht, rechtskulturelle Differenzen und der Europäische Gerichtshof
Authors: Willems Constantin
Published: November 2019

Generalanwalt am EuGH Dámaso Ruiz-Jarabo Colomer zeigte 2008 in der Rechtssache Seagon beispielhaft auf, wie trotz „Nuancierungen“ in den einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten der EU dem europäischen Recht der „genetische Code“ des römischen Rechts innewohnt - ein Bild, das an Friedrich Carl von Savignys „organisches Prinzip“ der Rechtsentwicklung erinnert. Die Schlussanträge, an die unter anderem Generalanwalt Michal Bobek 2018 in der Rechtssache Feniks anknüpfte, verdeutlichen, wie über Semantiken rechtshistorischer Gemeinsamkeiten rechtskulturelle Differenzen in Europa bewältigt werden können.
Die agile Transformation
Authors: Dexheimer Dennis
Published: November 2019

Zahlreiche Organisationen führen aktuell Selbstorganisation als Arbeitsmodell auf dem Weg in die »neue Arbeitswelt« ein. Allerdings lässt sich das agile Mindset nicht einfach online downloaden und einige der in der Hierarchie sozialisierten Mitarbeiter haben Angst vor der neuen Freiheit, Transparenz und der Autonomie in Teams, die über »Sein oder Nichtsein« selbst entscheiden dürfen. Aber wie sollen Organisationen mit den sich auftuenden Spannungsfeldern zwischen altem und neuem Führungsparadigma sowie Autonomieanspruch und Überforderung der betreffenden Teams umgehen? Es werden ein Erklärungsmodell zur Bedeutung von Reife in Selbstorganisation und zwölf strukturelle Konfliktzustände zwischen alter und neuer Arbeitswelt diskutiert sowie die Perspektive auf Führungsunterstützung in Abhängigkeit zum individuellen Reifegrad wiederentdeckt.
Das Verbot der Auslandsbestechung
Authors: Spörl Cornelia
Published: November 2019

Why do we criminalise foreign bribery? This question is of central importance for the legitimation and interpretation of relevant criminal offences in this respect. In this book, the author examines this issue from the perspectives of legal theory, legal history and comparative law, and provides a solution by virtue of a new form of structured legal reasoning. On this basis, the commonly discussed problems of section 335a of the German penal code, as well as sections 331–334 in connection with section 11, paragraph 1, number 2a of the German penal code can be resolved. In addition, the author suggests ways of clarifying the statute.
Prädiktive und präsymptomatische Diagnostik spätmanifestierender Erkrankungen
Authors: Opper Janet , Fangerau Heiner , Braune Florian , Gassner Ulrich M.
Published: November 2019

During recent years, prediction has reached ever wider areas of medicine. This development includes the prenatal, predictive and pre-symptomatic diagnosing of diseases which manifest themselves later in life. Since a cure for a number of the diseases in question is currently not available and cannot be expected in the near future, the problem arises of how to deal with the expected findings of such diagnoses appropriately. Both in clinical application and in research, the question occurs of how to adequately address the expectations of patients and their families with regard to prognostics. In particular, predictive and pre-symptomatic diagnostics in children and adolescents poses challenges because children’s ability to consent to medical tests is even more difficult to assess than adults’. This volume offers an analysis and recommendations regarding predictive diagnostics for late onset diseases in children. Its recommendations are the result of a project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. In addition to content analyses of existing research literature, they are based on interviews with individuals who sought or wanted genetic counselling and on interviews with physicians who are experts in human genetics.
Exploitation of Phosphoinositides by the Intracellular Pathogen,Legionella pneumophila
Authors: M. Pike Colleen , R. Noll Rebecca , Neunuebel M. Ramona
Published: November 2019

Manipulation of host phosphoinositide lipids has emerged as a key survival strategy utilized by pathogenic bacteria to establish and maintain a replication-permissive compartment within eukaryotic host cells. The human pathogen, Legionella pneumophila, infects and proliferates within the lung’s innate immune cells causing severe pneumonia termed Legionnaires’ disease. This pathogen has evolved strategies to manipulate specific host components to construct its intracellular niche termed the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Paramount to LCV biogenesis and maintenance is the spatiotemporal regulation of phosphoinositides, important eukaryotic lipids involved in cell signaling and membrane trafficking. Through a specialized secretion system, L. pneumophila translocates multiple proteins that target phosphoinositides in order to escape endolysosomal degradation. By specifically binding phosphoinositides, these proteins can anchor to the cytosolic surface of the LCV or onto specific host membrane compartments, to ultimately stimulate or inhibit encounters with host organelles. Here, we describe the bacterial proteins involved in binding and/or altering host phosphoinositide dynamics to support intracellular survival of L. pneumophila.
Why Skeptical Theists are Not Involved in a Scenario of Olly-Style Deception
Authors: Jonbäck Francis ,   Akademia Ignatianum
Published: November 2019

According to Michael Bergmann, Skeptical Theism consists of two components: firstly, the belief that there is an all-powerful, all-knowing and perfectly good immaterial person who created the world, and secondly, the skeptical claim that we have no reason to believe that the possible goods and evils we know of are representative of the goods and evils that exist. According to the Global Skepticism Objection, Skeptical Theism entails that we should not be surprised if we are radically deceived by God: there just might be a greater good that can figure in a reason God has for deceiving us about reality. In support of this objection, Stephen Law presents an amusing analogy involving Olly and his reality-projector. In this paper, I outline the Global Skepticism Objection and Law’s case in support of it. I then respond by arguing that the scope of Skeptical Theism should be restricted, and seek to justify this through a narrower construal of Theism and an appeal to common sense.
Technology of Neo-Colonial Epistemes
Authors: Nony Anaïs ,   DePaul University
Published: November 2019

This article reevaluates the historical conditions of the concomitant rise of computational systems and DNA-coding in the 1950s (M’Charek, Gilroy) and addresses the implementation of behavioral psychology and cybernetic technologies of control after the Second World War. From this historical perspective, this article interrogates the intersectional relation that automatic systems of control share with models of segregation and structures of knowledge oppression. It engages with the work of French philosopher Gilbert Simondon and poses Simondon’s cybernetic theory as an opportunity to question systems of knowledge imposed on ontological domains. Finally, it reveals how cybernetics reproduces a model of cultural understanding based on exclusion/inclusion and addresses the difficulty of creating new critical paradigms (Said, Spivak) from within the informational technologies of neo-colonial episteme.
Metaphysical Horizons of Philosophy for Children
Authors: Turgeon Wendy C.
Published: November 2019

Central to the explanations of justifications for Philosophy for Children is the concept of the 'community of inquiry.' This paper explores the question of the metaphysical foundations for this notion in terms of the nature of the individual versus the community and the question of truth.
Environmental Justice
Authors: Warren Karen J.
Published: November 2019

Environmental philosophers, policy-makers and community activists who discuss environmental justice do so almost exclusively in terms of mainstream Western distributive models of social justice. Whether the issue is treatment of animals, human health or property, wilderness and species preservation, pollution or environmental degradation, the prevailing and largely unchallenged view is that the issues of environmental justice are for the most part distributive issues. I think this wholesale framing of considerations of environmental justice solely in terms of distribution is seriously flawed. Drawing on both ecofeminist insights into the inextricable interconnections between institutions of domination and Iris Young's work on the inadequacy of distributive models of social justice, I argue for the twofold claim that a distributive model of environmental justice is inadequate and that what is needed is an additional nondistributive model to supplement, complement and-in some cases-take precedence over a distributive model.
The Primal Scattering of Languages
Authors: Littau Karin
Published: November 2019

In After Babel, George Steiner recounts ‘two main conjectures’ in mythology which explain ‘the mystery of many tongues on which a view of translation hinges.’ One such mythic tale is the tower of Babel, which not only Steiner, but also Jacques Derrida after him, take as their starting point to approach the question of translation; the other conjecture tells of 'some awful error [which] was committed, an accidental release of linguistic chaos, in the mode of Pandora’s Box' (Steiner). This paper will take this other conjecture, the myth of Pandora, first woman of the Greek creation myth, as its point of departure, not only to offer a feminized version of the primal scattering of languages, but to rewrite in a positive light and therefore also toreverse the negative and misogynist association of Pandora with "man’s" fall. But, rather than exposing the entrenched patriarchal bias in mythographers’ interpretations of Pandora, my foremost aim is to pose, through her figure, questions about language and woman, and, by extension, the mother tongue and female sexuality.
Autobiografia, Filoso a y Escritura
Authors: Miguel Cirilo Flórez
Published: November 2019

This paper analyzes the change of Unamuno’s philosophy from his work Diario Intimo, which is the text where the 1897 crisis is reflected. Unamuno leaves behind his first philosophy, formulated on the "scientific reason" of modernity; and turn into philosophy which sets aside "science" and moves toward "literature." In this new philosophy, autobiography comes to the foreground and writing becomes especially relevant as the tool used by Unamuno to build his destiny as "autoliterary," which, by the way of "literary figures," devises his own identity. In this framework, Diario Intimo, Nicodemo el Fariseo and some letters are analyzed with the aim of establishing the textual differences between diary, letter and conference.
Sozology and Ecophilosophy
Authors: Dolêga Józef M.
Published: November 2019

This paper contains a synthesized profile of sozology and ecophilosophy, sciences of the end of the 20th century. Sozology is defined as the science of the systematic protection of the biosphere from the destructive effects on it from the anthroposphere. On the other hand, ecophilosophy is understood as the science whose object of study is the essence and nature of the socio-natural environment, its quantitative and qualitative properties and the causal dependence between the anthroposphere and biosphere. I hope that both these sciences will enter permanently into the world’s educational systems in the 21st century.
Some Problems With Ecofeminism
Authors: Feldman Susan
Published: November 2019

Karen Warren presents and defends the ecofeminist position that people are wrong in dominating nature as a whole or in part (individual animals, species, ecosystems, mountains), for the same reason that subordinating women to the will and purposes of men is wrong. She claims that all feminists must object to both types of domination because both are expressions of the same "logic of domination." Yet, problems arise with her claim of twin dominations. The enlightenment tradition gave rise to influential versions of feminism and provided a framework which explains the wrongness of the domination of women by men as a form of injustice. Yet on this account, the domination of nature cannot be assimilated to the domination of women. Worse, on the enlightenment framework, the claim that the domination of nature is wrong in the same way that the domination of women is wrong makes no sense, since (according to this framework) domination can only be considered to be unjust when the object dominated has a will. While ecofeminism rejects the enlightenment view, it cannot simply write off enlightenment feminism as non-feminist. It must show that enlightenment feminism is either inauthentic or conceptually unstable.
On the Concept of Ecological Optimism
Authors: Shirkova-Tuuli Irina
Published: November 2019

In this paper I want to discuss some problematic issues in contemporary philosophical thought concerning the environment that I consider to be "pessimistic." I state the necessity of finding a new, active and stimulating position regarding the ecological situation that will help to initiate and support a positive outcome. I call such a position Ecological Optimism. I also discuss the scientific and philosophical groundwork underlying this position and develop a brief plan for its implementation.
Environmentalismus und Erziehung für die Zukun
Authors: Sztumski Wieslaw
Published: November 2019

Es sind hier Grundrisse einer Art Umweltphilosophie (des Environmentalismus), des ökologischen Denkstils und des adäquaten Humanismus vorgelegt. Diese Konzeptionen setzen sich zusammen auf eine neue philosophische Strömung, die in der Zukunft zur Zivilisation des Lebens und zur Beseitigung der Gefahr für das Überstehen der Menschheit führen kann. Für ihren Aufbau ist es nötig das rationalistisch-szientistische Bewubtsein der Westkultur radikel zu umgestalten, um es den neuen historischen Anforderungen anzupassen. Erst auf Grund des neuen Bewubtseins und der neuen Philosophie kann ein Erziehungssystem entstehen, in das die nächste Generationen aufwachsen, die der neuen Forderung-das Sichern des Überstehens der Menschheit und des Lebens im allgemeinen auf der Erde-gerecht werden.
Environmental Justice
Authors: Warren Karen J.
Published: November 2019

Environmental philosophers, policy-makers and community activists who discuss environmental justice do so almost exclusively in terms of mainstream Western distributive models of social justice. Whether the issue is treatment of animals, human health or property, wilderness and species preservation, pollution or environmental degradation, the prevailing and largely unchallenged view is that the issues of environmental justice are for the most part distributive issues. I think this wholesale framing of considerations of environmental justice solely in terms of distribution is seriously flawed. Drawing on both ecofeminist insights into the inextricable interconnections between institutions of domination and Iris Young’s work on the inadequacy of distributive models of social justice, I argue for the twofold claim that a distributive model of environmental justice is inadequate and that what is needed is an additional nondistributive model to supplement, complement and — in some cases — take precedence over a distributive model.
The Meditations of Zara Yaquob
Authors: Kiros Teodoros
Published: November 2019

Claude Sumner was the first English-speaking scholar to introduce the thoughts of Zara Yaquob to the philosophical world. Sumner undertook the arduous task of comparing Zara Yaquob with Descartes on methods of thinking. For Sumner, modern philosophy began in Ethiopia with Zara Yaquob at the same time as in England and France. In what follows, I will compare Descartes and Yaquob as well.
Ubuntu: An African Assessment of the Religious Other
Authors: Louw Dirk J.
Published: November 2019

The decolonization of Africa, of which the dismantling of apartheid in South Africa is the most recent example, has led to a greater recognition of the wide variety of religions practising on its soil. When confronted with this plurality, and the corresponding plurality of claims to truth or credibility, believers often resort to absolutism. The absolutist evaluates the religious other in view of criteria which violate the self-understanding of the latter. The religious other is thus being colonized by a hegemony (i.e., an enforced homogeneity) of norms and values. This paper deals with an assessment of the faith of others which transcends absolutism without resorting to relativism. More specifically, it aims to show that an African philosophy and way of life called ‘Ubuntu’ (humanness) significantly overlaps with such a ‘decolonized’ assessment of the religious other, and that this assessment can therefore also be explained, motivated or underscored with reference to the concept of Ubuntu.
Whither Philosophy in Africa?
Authors: Makinde Moses Akin
Published: November 2019

This paper examines the position of philosophy in Africa from the time African and expatriate philosophers engaged in the debate on whether or not there was a uniquely African Philosophy. I argue that where this debate, prompted by the earlier writings of some colonial anthropologists, was going on, there was serious teaching, although not writing, of Western Philosophy. Major writings focused on the African Philosophy question. However, positive work was done after the publication of positive work on African Philosophy, leading to the abandonment of serious publication on Western Philosophy. In spite of this, the presence of expatriate staff in many departments of philosophy between 1975 and 1984 led to great expectations of the discipline on the African continent, as shown in my published work in 1987. Unfortunately, philosophy in Africa has been deteriorating since the end of the 1980's due to neglect and lack of funding by military governments (e.g., Nigeria). In addition to the bad economic situation which led to an exodus of prominent philosophers from Africa to the West, pioneering philosophers have retired and died. These unfortunate developments leave a bleak future for philosophy in Africa, as there may be no experienced philosophers to supervise undergraduate students, leaving a lack of viable replacements for the older philosophers. While resolution of this problem appears difficult, this paper is written in hope that the World Congress might intervene to counteract this desperate situation.
Enlightenment and its Attainment
Authors: Dutta Deepti
Published: November 2019

Enlightenment is the value par excellence in all Indian philosophical systems except Carvaka. This paper attempts to elucidate some moral and esoteric aspects of enlightenment in the context of Samkhya-Yoga and Buddhism. Analysis of moral aspects of Samkhya-Yoga and Buddhist concepts necessarily refers to various steps and stages of Enlightenment and their affinity. That Yama (the first step of eightfold Yoga of Patanjali comprising Truth, Non-Violence, etc.) is accepted by Jainas, Buddhists and Vedantins irrespective of their creed, is universally agreed upon. Here an analysis is given as to the details of the cultivation of these virtues and the meeting point of the Samkhya-Yogi and the Buddhist Sadhaka. Consideration of ontological and spiritual aspects of Enlightenment also reveals some interesting analogies. In treading the path of Vipassana meditation (of the truth), the Buddhist develops Nirveda (non-attachment) and the Yogi, by unfaltering habitual concentration on the true nature of the matter and spirit, attains supreme detachment (Parama Vasikara) and contrives an effective tool to develop insight at the experiential level.
Zen Buddhist Perspectives on Modern Education
Authors: Mitsuda Masato
Published: November 2019

Many articles and books on Buddhism have been published in recent years, but publications dealing with Buddhist educational views are rarely available. In this paper, I wish to expound on Zen Buddhist perspectives on modern education. The history of Buddhist education is long and complex. In early centuries (400 BCE- 800 CE), Buddhist monasteries in India and China functioned as educational centers where vinaya, sutras and other subjects were taught. Many men and women were refugees from social injustice and the sangha provided them with education, security and dignity. Spirituality and pedantry were always combined in Buddhist education. But from a Zen perspective, modern education has become an occupational training program to promote financial interest. Capitalism, science and technology have formed a new world view; to wit, occupational training has become more essential to one's way of living than the spiritual quest. Today, most students are concerned with finding financial stability and material gain. Against this trend, Zen education encourages students to seek spiritual stability. Because of Buddha nature, this is a natural human inclination, while not everyone is talented to become a computer specialist or an investment banker. Zen education guides students to grasp the "twist and turn" of the samsaric world, teaching them to be compassionate, understanding, patient listeners and well-balanced individuals.
L’enseignement de la Philosophie au Brésil
Authors: de Azevedo Marques Ubirajara R.
Published: November 2019

Since 1934, when the University of São Paulo was set up, Philosophy courses in Brazil were more and more influenced by the French view of the historiography of Philosophy, thus determining the historic-philosophical character of most of the research done and of the curricula in this area. Mainly from the early 1960s there emerged criticisms and self-criticisms favoring a shift away from the mere historical practice and towards a clearly philosophic, doctrinal and critical one. The present paper is concerned with discussing this tendency and looking for a better understanding of this recent academic philosophical phenomenon in Brazil, and with doing this on the basis of the historically testimonies that are relevant to it.
La Filosofía en Latinoamérica
Authors: Vélez Rodríguez Ricardo
Published: November 2019

Son analizadas en el presente trabajo las tres propuestas metodologicas hechas por pensadores latinoamericanos, para el estudio de la filosofía en la America Latina. Esas propuestas son: (1) de la originalidad total; (2) de la ausencia de originalidad; (3) de la originalidad relativa. La primera es defendida por autores como el brasileño R. Gomes or el peruano A. Palacios, para quienes habria la posibilidad de un pensamiento latinoamericano ciento por ciento original. La segunda es defendida por pensadores como el brasileño C. Bevilacqua, para quien a los latinoamericanos solo les resta repetir el pensamiento filosofico europeo, porque no estan dotados de la capacidad para hacer filosofia original. La tercera propuesta, que es la sustentada por el autor del trabajo, ha sido formulada por los brasileños M. Reale y A. Paim, y consiste en reconocer que, aunque inspirados en fuentes filosoficas europeas, los latinoamericanos han realizado una meditacion propia, al reflexionar con las categorias filosoficas aprendidas de la tradicion occidental, sobre una realidad que es absolutamente original en su historicidad. Surge de ahi una meditacion dotada de la originalidad de la problematica humana a la cual se refiere la meditacion filosofica. El concepto de originalidad es relativo, pero garantiza una filosofia latinoamericana en sentido proprio.
The Role of Action in the Development of Ethical Certainties
Authors: Jareno Alarcon Joaquin
Published: November 2019

I reflect on the incidence and character of the certainties that comprise the basis of our ethical behavior. We do not speak of the propositions due to evidence or to the result of conclusions to which our reasoning leads us. Rather, we treat that which is taken for granted when we justify any behavior. These certainties are not the consequence of theoretical teaching but of action itself, defined here as coinciding action between individuals. While coincidence gives ethical certainties meaning, the training we receive from childhood with respect to these certainties cannot be overestimated. However, ethical teaching as we commonly know it can be articulated in relation with these certainties. Finally, I reflect on the difficulties and problems posed by the different certainties in the background of the behavior of distinct groups and individuals. In my opinion, this does not lead to ethical relativism because some way of continuity must be given in terms of the common human condition. Persuasion can drive individuals sharing a common ethical image of the world to participate in another because some of the certainties are surely shared.