bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDS testing and linkage to treatment among men who have sex with men in Curitiba, Brazil
Authors: da Cruz Marly Marques , Cota Vanda Lúcia , Lentini Nena , Bingham Trista , Parent Gregory , Kanso Solange , Rosso Liza Regina Bueno , Almeida Bernardo , Cardoso Torres Raquel Maria , Nakamura Cristiane Yumi , Santelli Ana Carolina Faria e Silva
Published: May 2021

Introduction

The Curitiba (Brazil)-based Project, A Hora é Agora (AHA), evaluated a comprehensive HIV control strategy among men who have sex with men (MSM) aimed at expanding access to HIV rapid testing and linking HIV-positive MSM to health services and treatment. AHA’s approach included rapid HIV Testing Services (HTC) in one mobile testing unit (MTU); a local, gay-led, non-governmental organization (NGO); an existing government-run health facility (COA); and Internet-based HIV self-testing. The objectives of the paper were to compare a) number of MSM tested in each strategy, its positivity and linkage; b) social, demographic and behavioral characteristics of MSM accessing the different HTC and linkage services; and c) the costs of the individual strategies to diagnose and link MSM to services.

Methods

We used data for 2,681 MSM tested at COA, MTU and NGO from March 2015 to March 2017. This is a cross sectional comparison of the demographics and behavioral factors (age group, race/ethnicity, education, sexually transmitted diseases, knowledge of AHA services and previous HIV test). Absolute frequencies, percentage distributions and confidence intervals for the percentages were used, as well as unilateral statistical tests.

Results and discussion

AHA performed 2,681 HIV tests among MSM across three in-person strategies: MTU, NGO, and COA; and distributed 4,752 HIV oral fluid tests through the self-testing platform. MTU, NGO and COA reported 365 (13.6%) HIV positive diagnoses among MSM, including 28 users with previous HIV diagnosis or on antiretroviral treatment for HIV. Of these, 89% of MSM were eligible for linkage-to-care services. Linkage support was accepted by 86% of positive MSM, of which 66.7% were linked to services in less than 90 days. The MTU resulted in the lowest cost per MSM tested ($137 per test), followed by self-testing ($247).

Conclusions

AHA offered MSM access to HTC through innovative strategies operating in alternative sites and schedules. It presented the Curitiba HIV/AIDS community the opportunity to monitor HIV-positive MSM from diagnosis to treatment uptake. Self-testing emerged as a feasible strategy to increase MSM access to HIV-testing through virtual tools and anonymous test kit delivery and pick-up. Cost per test findings in both the MTU and self-testing support expansion to other regions with similar epidemiological contexts.
Patient compliance with NHS 111 advice: Analysis of adult call and ED attendance data 2013–2017
Authors: Lewis Jen , Stone Tony , Simpson Rebecca , Jacques Richard , O’Keeffe Colin , Croft Susan , Mason Suzanne
Published: May 2021

The NHS 111 telephone advice and triage service is a vital part of the management of urgent and emergency care (UEC) services in England. Demand for NHS 111 advice has increased since its introduction in 2013, and the service is of particular importance in light of the current pandemic and resulting increased demand for emergency care. Currently, little is known about the effectiveness of NHS 111 in terms of the appropriateness of the advice given, or about the compliance of patients with that advice. We aimed to address this issue by analysing a large linked routine dataset of all NHS 111 calls (n = 3,631,069) and subsequent emergency department (ED) attendances made in the Yorkshire & Humber region from March 2013-March 2017. We found that many patients do not comply with advice, with 11% (n = 289,748) of patients attending ED when they are advised to self-care or seek primary care. We also found that a considerable number of these patients are further classed as urgent (88%, n = 255,931) and a substantial minority (37%, 106,207) are subsequently admitted to hospital. Further, many patients who are sent an ambulance or told to attend ED are classed as non-urgent upon attending ED (9%, n = 42,372). This research suggests that the level at which NHS 111 is currently triaging results in many hundreds of thousands of mis-triaged cases annually. Additionally, patients frequently do not comply with the advice they receive. This has implications for understanding the accuracy and efficiency of triaging systems.
Longitudinal study of the relationship between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes in Chinese adult residents: Data from China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Ma Zhenkai , Hao Mo
Published: May 2021

Background

Increasing coffee intake was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in Western countries. However, in China where coffee consumption and diabetes population has been growing fast in recent years, studies on the impact of coffee intakes on the onset of type 2 diabetes are lacking. This study attempts to determine the associations between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults.

Methods

This longitudinal study analyzed 10447 adults who had participated in at least two rounds of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), which is a survey database of multistage, random cluster process during 1993–2011. Coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes incidence were measured in the survey. Body mass index (BMI), age, sex, place of residence, waves, education level, smoking, drinking alcohol and tea drinking frequency were adjusted as covariate. We used longitudinal fixed effects regression models to assess changes within person.

Results

After adjusting confounding factors, lower risk of diabetes is observed among Chinese adults who drink coffee occasionally (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)  = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.34) and drink almost every day (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.45, 0.83), compared with those who do not or hardly drink. In the subgroup analysis, among women aged 45–59 who drink coffee one to three times a week (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.52) and men over 60 who drink coffee almost every day (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.53), protective effects were found. For young men aged 19–29, drinking coffee almost every day showed a risk effect (AOR = 20.21, 95% CI = 5.96–68.57).

Conclusions

Coffee drinking habit is an independent protective factor for adult on type 2 diabetes in China. And it varies among people with different ages and genders. The rapid growth of coffee consumption in China in recent years may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, but at the same time, the risk of type 2 diabetes in adolescents needs attention.
Masticatory muscle index for indicating skeletal muscle mass in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Chang Sheng-Wei , Tsai Yuan-Hsiung , Hsu Cheng-Ming , Huang Ethan I. , Chang Geng-He , Tsai Ming-Shao , Tsai Yao-Te
Published: May 2021

Background

A typical assessment for sarcopenia involves the use of abdominal computed tomography (CT) for calculating the skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3). However, abdominal CT is not regularly performed on patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). We investigated whether masticatory SMI (M-SMI) measurements based on head and neck CT scans can be used to conduct sarcopenia assessments by evaluating whether M-SMI is correlated with L3-SMI.

Methods

Abdominal and head and neck CT images of patients with trauma (n = 50) and HNC (n = 52) were analyzed retrospectively. Both manual delineation and threshold selection methods were used to measure cross-sectional areas of masticatory muscles and those of muscles at the L3 level on CT images. Muscle cross-sectional areas were normalized to height squared to calculate SMI, and a multivariate linear regression model was established to evaluate the correlation between the M-SMI and L3-SMI. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the ability of the M-SMI to identify sarcopenia, and Cox logistic regression was used to identify predictors of sarcopenia.

Results

Patients with HNC had significantly lower M-SMI and L3-SMI than did patients with trauma (p = 0.011 and 0.03, respectively). M-SMI and L3-SMI were strongly correlated (r = 0.901, p < 0.001); in the multivariate model that included sex, the correlation was stronger (r = 0.913, p < 0.001). The associations of sarcopenia with a lower M-SMI (p < 0.001), male sex (p = 0.028), and advanced age (p = 0.011) were significant, and multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated that an M-SMI of <5.5 was an independent predictor of sarcopenia (hazard ratio = 5.37, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

M-SMI assessment in routine head and neck CT scans is feasible and can be an alternative for detecting sarcopenia in patients with HNC.
Does lack of parental involvement affect school dropout among Indian adolescents? evidence from a panel study
Authors: Paul Ronak , Rashmi Rashmi , Srivastava Shobhit
Published: May 2021

Despite the gross enrolment ratio of Indian children, being almost 91% in grades 6–8, the equivalently soaring rates of school dropout after 8th grade remains a huge concern for the policymakers. Researches from the developed countries and some developing countries have shown the benefits of parental involvement in their children’s education in terms of reduced dropout rates. However, there is a stark absence of similar evidence in the Indian context. Our study examines whether the lack of parental involvement during primary schooling of Indian children eventually results in school dropout when the children become adolescents. We used IHDS panel data of children (8–11 years) in round-I who become adolescents (15–18 years) in round-II. Bivariate, multivariable and stratified analyses were performed using logistic regression models. The findings from the multivariable models show that children, whose parents did not -participate in PTA meetings, -discuss academic progress with schoolteacher and -supervise their children’s homework in round-I respectively had 1.15 (95% CI: 1.01–1.30), 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01–1.29) and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.01–1.34) times higher risk of school dropout in round-II. Further, a similar relationship was observed when hypothesized relationship by gender, type of school attended and type of community of the children were examined. Among male children, parents’ non-participation in PTA meetings was associated with 1.21 (95% CI: 1.02–1.44) times greater odds of school dropout. Children from private schools also had a 2.17 (95% CI: 1.42–3.32) times greater risk of dropout if their parents did not supervise their children in homework These findings highlight the crucial role of parental involvement in their children’s primary education, in terms of reduced school dropout. The findings call for programmatic interventions that create awareness and encourage parental participation in their children’s schooling.
Quiltmakers’ meaning-making in Aotearoa New Zealand: Social interactions, embodied experiences and material mediation
Authors: Warner Linda Claire , Seitamaa-Hakkarainen Pirita , Hakkarainen Kai
Published: May 2021

The research study focuses on the phenomenon of informal learning and teaching, as it materializes through the quiltmakers’ engagement in idiosyncratic community practices. The present study considers the construction of craft knowledge from a sociocultural perspective, focusing on social and material mediation, and embodiment as a form of meaning-making for quiltmakers. The ethnographic data were collected from two quilting communities in Aotearoa New Zealand and in total 66 quilters volunteered to participate. The fieldwork extended over an eight-month period with data consisting of interviews, observations, fieldnotes and reflective diaries including the visualization of interactive happenings in situ. Chronological content logs were created, and data were analysed by qualitative content analysis. The primary interest was on the verbal (i.e. social), non-verbal (i.e. embodied) and material (inter)actions that were central to the quilters’ meaning-making processes. This praxis and process of informal learning usually make it invisible because it is a ubiquitous element embedded in the quilting community context. Identifying different aspects of multimodal making foregrounds how the quilters’ learning is socially interactive, with ‘hands on’ and ‘minds on’ processes tied to their bodily experiences and material world. This study demonstrates the significance of the ongoing communicative (inter)actions for meaning-making, highlighting the role of the body, mind and environment in shaping quilting practices and appropriating craft knowledge.
The role of the state in saving Paitker painting in Jharkhand
Authors: Kumari Gaitri , Shrivastava Abhaya Ranjan
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the background of Paitker painting in Jharkhand, India, and the role of the state in saving it. Paitker painting is more than 500 years old. It is exclusively practised by the Chitrakar community in Amadobi village, a tradition that had been encouraged by the emperors of the Dhalbhum dynasty (1300 ad). Today, Paitker painting is on the verge of vanishing as there are only 45 families left in the Chitrakar community of whom only two are keeping this rare art practice alive. Most have left their community and practice, and migrated to cities to find a more sustainable livelihood. The study adopted an exploratory research design using a qualitative research approach and oral narrative analysis. Four officials of Jharcraft, artisans and policy-makers were interviewed to understand the progress made by the government in saving Paitker painting. Additionally, secondary data was collected to better understand the cultural significance of Paitker painting, the socio-economic value of Paitker for the Chitrakar community and handicraft marketing processes within and outwith India. The main findings of the study reveal that clarity was lacking in the conservation approach and that additional government policy support was needed. The most significant initiatives of the state to date include training and e-retailing through the Jharcraft web-platform. The study found that improving the infrastructure and better promotional efforts to improve marketing, nationally and internationally, could improve the sustainability of Paitker painting in an effort to save it.
The Politics of Vietnamese Craft: American Diplomacy and Domestication, Jennifer Way (2020)
Authors: Peach Andrea
Published: May 2021

Review of: The Politics of Vietnamese Craft: American Diplomacy and Domestication, Jennifer Way (2020)

London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 226 pp., ISBN 978-1-350-00704-8, h/bk, £85.00
EL SIGNIFICADO DE LA PALABRA “SACRAMENTUM” EN EL PROCESO JUDICIAL ROMANO
Authors: Di Pietro Alfredo Gustavo
Published: May 2021

El significado de la palabra sacramentum es fundamental para comprender la relación entre los ritos y el derecho. La mayoría de los artículos especializados, procuran explicar el significado de la palabra sacramentum a partir de los textos de Lactancio. Sin embargo, el vocablo sacramentum, tiene un origen precristiano. En Instituta, Gaius menciona el sacramentum como una legis actio es decir una acción judicial de carácter general. Y dice que estas acciones eran acomodadas a las leyes -acommodatae erant-. Pero las leyes a las que se refiere Gaius deben ser entendidas en un sentido amplio, característico del pensamiento estoico. Así, el significado de sacramentum se vincula con la lex caelestis, con el vocablo sacrificium, y asimismo con el vocablo juramentum. Lactancio va a dar al vocablo sacramentum, un sentido cristiano. Tanto el sentido pagano del sacramentum, como el sentido cristiano, se van a mantener vigentes durante la edad media.
LA ACCIÓN DE SUBROGACIÓN EN EL CONTRATO DE SEGURO MARÍTIMO, DESDE LA JURISPRUDENCIA Y EL DERECHO COMPARADO
Authors: Huerta Renato Pezoa
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo estudia en general, la institución jurídica de la subrogación y su asunción como principio fundamental del contrato de seguro, analizado bajo un enfoque dicotómico de “principio-acción”, esto es, por un lado, como un elemento fisonómico del contrato de seguro marítimo, y por el otro, como una acción judicial de las Compañías de Seguros, tomando en consideración los requisitos para su procedencia y sus efectos. Luego se enfoca en el seguro marítimo, analizando casos de jurisprudencia, y la legislación de Derecho Marítimo Comparado.
Use of an Over-the-Scope Clip for Closure of an Iatrogenic Nephrocolic Fistula Resulting From Cryoablative Therapy for Renal Cell Cancer of a Transplanted Renal Graft
Authors: Nassani Najib , Villa Edward , Carroll Robert E.
Published: May 2021

Although uncommon, cryoablation of tumors can result in collateral damage to adjacent organs resulting in difficult-to-treat perforation and fistulization. Full-thickness closure of defects has been described with the use of over-the-scope clips. We describe the case of a 56-year-old woman who underwent cryoablation of renal cell carcinoma of her transplanted kidney that was complicated by cryoinjury to her sigmoid colon with subsequent nephrocolic fistula and abscess formation resistant to conservative treatment. We report a case of successful abscess drainage and use of over-the-scope clip for closure of an iatrogenic renal graft nephrocolic fistula.
A Rare Case of Dorsal Agenesis of Pancreas, Choledochal Cyst, and Hirschsprung Disease in a Young Patient
Authors: Chapa Uday Kumar , Dutta Souradeep , Remesh Athul Minija , Jain Ankit , Abhinaya Reddy , Nelamangala Ramakrishnaiah Vishnu Prasad
Published: May 2021

Dorsal pancreatic agenesis is a rare congenital pancreatic malformation. There is just 1 reported case associating it with choledochal cyst. However, no cases have reported yet with both coexisting with Hirschsprung disease. We report a case of a 23-year-old man, presenting with on and off epigastric pain, sometimes radiating to the back. His medical records showed he had Hirschsprung disease as a neonate, for which he underwent Duhamel procedure. Ultrasound imaging revealed a choledochal cyst and a nonvisualized distal portion of the pancreas. Further cross-sectional imaging confirmed the findings—a type 1 choledochal cyst and a dorsal agenesis of the pancreas in a patient with Hirschsprung disease.
A preliminary study of shear-wave elastography for the evaluation of varicocele in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Ryu Young Jin , Choi Young Hun , Kim Ji Young , Cheon Jung-Eun , Kim Woo Sun , Kim In-One , Park Ji Eun , Im Young Jae , Park Kwanjin
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use shear-wave elastography (SWE) to assess testicular stiffness changes during the Valsalva maneuver in adolescents and young adults with varicocele, to compare these changes according to clinical severity, and to evaluate the role of SWE in the diagnosis of varicocele.Methods: This study included patients undergoing testicular ultrasonography for the diagnosis of varicocele or for post-varicocelectomy follow-up between June 2016 and February 2017. Fifty-four testicles of 27 consecutive patients (mean age, 15.9 years) were classified by clinical grade (grade 0-3). Using SWE, mean testicular stiffness (Emean) was measured at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver. The correlations between multiple ultrasonographic parameters (volume asymmetry, Emean at rest, and absolute and percentage changes in Emean during the Valsalva maneuver) and clinical grade were assessed using the Spearman correlation test.Results: The Emean at rest was similar across clinical grades. During the Valsalva maneuver, increased testicular stiffness was frequently observed in patients with grade 2 or 3 varicocele but rarely observed in those with grade 0 or 1 varicocele. The changes in Emean were positively correlated with the clinical grade (all P<0.001), whereas the Emean at rest and volume asymmetry were not (all P>0.05).Conclusion: A transient, reversible increase in testicular stiffness during the Valsalva maneuver was observed in adolescents with high-grade varicocele, and the degree of stiffness change was correlated with the clinical grade. Stiffness change identified using SWE during the Valsalva maneuver is a potential surrogate indicator of venous congestion.
Teatro, documento, archivo
Authors: Risso Nieva José María
Published: May 2021

El teatro, como objeto de estudio, es un fenómeno complejo y difícil de aprehender. Las presentes consideraciones forman parte de una problematización necesaria de la metodología asociada al trabajo de reconstrucción escénica y recolección documental. La discusión pone a dialogar las formulaciones de Jacques Derrida acerca del archivo con la teoría teatral contemporánea y nuestros estudios sobre dramaturgia. Nos centramos en el proceso de búsqueda, exhumación y reunión comprometido en el análisis de las prácticas dramatúrgicas articuladas alrededor del ciclo «Teatro Libre» (Tucumán, 1985). Nos interesa comprender qué margen de archivación inaugura la investigación y cómo esta contribuye a configurar un archivo por venir.
Solicitar el concepto de literatura mundial
Authors: McDonald Peter D. , Gerbaudo Analía Isabel
Published: May 2021

Menos preocupado por el concepto de «literatura mundial» que por la promesa y los riesgos de la conceptualización, este ensayo examina lo que experimentan algunas formas de escritura cuando se las lee, precisamente, como literatura mundial. Utilizando In the Heart of the Country (1977) de John Maxwell Coetzee como ejemplo ilustrativo, aborda cuestiones de circulación, traducción, sistemas de escritura, historia del libro y geografía literaria en el contexto de los recientes debates académicos alrededor de los estudios en Literatura mundial. Concluye con la revisión del emblemático ensayo «World Literature» (1907) de Rabindranath Tagore que sigue siendo una guía indispensable para las lecturas experienciales y el pensamiento anti‒conceptual.
Description Data Completeness in Maternal & Child Health (MCH) Handbook in Temanggung Regency
Authors: Dharmawan Yudhy
Published: May 2021

Background: Maternal mortality rate in Central Java in 2015 was still high, at 111 / 100,000 live births. Therefore developed a method for early detection of the cause of death in “Desa Siaga“ Program. In this program include a community-based surveillance. Sources of primary data recording surveillance activities are MCH handbook. Therefore it needs to know how the completeness of MCH handbook as a basis for the development of surveillance system in the villageMethod: Data collection techniques using observations with the checklist instrument to describe data completeness MCH handbook. Population study is MCH handbook what owned by Mothers who have children under five. Samples were MCH handbook in 31 villages with category Active “ Desa Siaga” in the working area three health centers in the district of Temanggung.Results: The average of data completeness in  MCH Handbook was 45.29%. For 13 MCH Handbook section was observed, there are only 3 parts completeness above 50%, Ten other parts percentage is less than 50%.  Conclusion: There are many data that useful for screening high risk pregnant woman and nutrition growth are incomplete. Incomplete data in MCH Data shown that data is not be urgent in MCH Services. Data in MCH Handbook couldn’t be database for MCH Surveillance in “Desa Siaga “ Program
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AT RISK OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS IN PRISON: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY AT SEMARANG CLASS I PENITENTIARY
Authors: Nugrahani Nur Wulan , Udijono Arie , Saraswati Lintang Dian , Wuryanto Arie
Published: May 2021

High-risk behavior placed inmates to be one of certain population to be vulnerable to sexually-transmitted infections (STI) due to the discontinuity of sexual needs in imprisonment. The purpose of this study is to describe the history of STIs-risked sexual behavior of inmates before and during imprisonment. This research was an observational study with a cross sectional study design. The samples were 100 male inmates in Semarang Class I Penitentiary. Univariate data analyzed and presented in frequency distribution. Characteristics of respondents in this study include the majority of respondents aged less than 40 years (70%), completed high school (42%), and married (48%). Sexual orientation before and during imprisonment were all heterosexual (100%). Historical description of STIs-risked sexual behavior with a high risk category were 53%, while during imprisonment were 71%. Based on sexual behavior in prison, 54% doing masturbation involving genital stimulation and pornography, 13% touching intimate parts in the visiting room, 5% had intercourse with the opposite sex in prisons. This findings implied that the sexual needs of inmates in prison are real and need to be channeled in a healthy manner.
Tingkat Ekoliterasi Tenaga Pendidik Fakultas Ilmu Budaya UNSOED
Authors: Aditya Aldi , Oktavilia Ernasiwi Astri
Published: May 2021

Banyak krisis ekologi terjadi di perdesaan, sementara visi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman (Unsoed) adalah menjadi pusat pengembangan sumberdaya perdesaan dan kearifan lokal. Idealnya, tenaga pendidik yang bernaung di Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Unsoed dapat berkontribusi dalam memecahkan problem ekologis secara kultural lewat pendidikan, penelitian, dan pengabdian masyarakat. Untuk itu, diperlukan pemahaman atas konsep baru dalam dunia kritik sastra, yaitu ekokritisisme. Ekokritisisme bisa menjadi mode analisis terhadap teks kultural (sastra, film, gambar, dll.) sebagai respons atas krisis lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur dan mengetahui tingkat literasi tenaga pendidik atas konsep ekokritisisme dengan menggunakan gabungan metode kepustakaan dan pengambilan angket untuk data primer, serta wawancara untuk data sekunder. Secara keseluruhan, semua responden termasuk dalam kategori sedang untuk skor total kompetensi ekoliterasi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berkontribusi bagi pengembangan kurikulum dan kompetensi dosen, khususnya di lingkungan FIB Unsoed.
Makna Pesan Sosial dalam Iklan Layanan Masyarakat “Stereotip Z”: Sebuah Kajian Semiotika Riffaterre
Authors: Santoso Budi , Lewa Andi Halang
Published: May 2021

Abstract Public Service Advertisements are non-commercial advertisements that aim to sell ideas for the benefit of public service. The message of Public Service Advertisements contains suggestions and persuation  to the public to take an action that changes their "bad" behavior for the better behavior . This paper attempts to describe the meaning of social messages in the text of public service advertisements “Stereotype Z”. Data analysts use  Riffaterre’s semiotic approach. Through heuristic and hermenetic reading, analysis of the indirect expressions, matrix, model, variant, and hypogra, results show that the text of public service advertisements "Stereotype Z” contains  a social  message that persuade the young generation (generation Z) to be more critical about the problems in their suroundings.
Penggunaan Variasi Leksikon Suara Burung oleh Masyarakat Sunda: Kajian Linguistik Antropologis
Authors: Widiatmoko Sigit , Rahmawati Aulia , Sekhudin Nur
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk variasi leksikon suara burung yang digunakan oleh masayarakat Sunda, fungsi variasi leksikon suara burung, dan cerminan budaya dalam variasi leksikon suara burung tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam proses pengumpulan data, dilakukan studi pustaka mencatat percakapan di forum atau grup penghobi burung di media sosial Facebook. Data juga dikumpulkan dengan observasi di toko burung dan gantangan di wilayah Karawang. Selain itu, dilakukan juga wawancara dengan pertanyaan terbuka dan terarah, kepada pemilik toko burung, pelanggan, dan pengunjung gantangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa penggunaan variasi leksikon suara burung oleh masyarakat Sunda berbentuk kata ulang dan kata berimbuhan. Kata ulang yang digunakan berupa kata ulang trilingga, dwilingga, dwipurwa, dan kata ulang berimbuhan. Kata ulang ini erat kaitannya dengan onomatopea dari suara burung tersebut. Sedangkan penggunaan leksikon suara burung berbentuk kata berimbuhan berupa prefix N- dan sufiks -an. Leksikon berbentuk kata berimbuhan menunjukkan aktivitas bersuara yang dilakukan burung tersebut. Penggunaan variasi leksikon suara burung oleh masyarakat Sunda dalam percakapanya memiliki tiga fungsi, yaitu ekonomi, sosial, dan ekologi. Cerminan budaya yang terkandang dalam variasi leksikon suuara burung tersebut adalah masyarakat Sunda yang agraris sangat dekat dengan alam sekitarnya, khususnya burung.
Adaptive learning module for a conversational agent to support MOOC learners
Authors: González-Castro Nuria , Muñoz-Merino Pedro J. , Alario-Hoyos Carlos , Delgado Kloos Carlos
Published: May 2021

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) pose a challenge for instructors when trying to provide personalised support to learners, due to large numbers of registered participants. Conversational agents can be of help to support learners when working with MOOCs. This article presents an adaptive learning module for JavaPAL, a conversational agent that complements a MOOC on Java programming, helping learners review the key concepts of the MOOC. This adaptive learning module adapts the difficulty of the questions provided to learners considering their level of knowledge using item response theory (IRT) and also provides recommendations of video fragments extracted from the MOOC for when learners fail questions. The adaptive learning module for JavaPAL has been evaluated showing good usability and learnability through the system usability scale (SUS), reasonably suitable video fragments recommendations for learners, and useful visualisations generated as part of the IRT-based adaptation of questions for instructors to better understand what is happening in the course, to design exams, and to redesign the course content.
Using automatic speech recognition technology to enhance EFL learners’ oral language complexity in a flipped classroom
Authors: Jiang Michael Yi-Chao , Jong Morris Siu-Yung , Lau Wilfred Wing-Fat , Chai Ching-Sing , Wu Na
Published: May 2021

The present study examined the effects of using automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology on oral complexity in a flipped English as a Foreign Language (EFL) course. A total of 160 undergraduates were enrolled in a 14-week quasi-experiment. The experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) were taught with a flipped approach, but the EG students needed to undertake an additional pre-class task with ASR technology. In each unit, all students’ in-class task performance was recorded, based on which the metrics of oral complexity were coded and computed. A two-way between- and within-subjects repeated measures design was conducted to examine the effects of the group factor, the time factor and the group × time interaction effects. The results showed that the EG students performed statistically better than their counterparts in the CG on lexical complexity and syntactic complexity. Moreover, significant improvement in phrasal complexity was witnessed over time in both groups. Significant group × time interaction effects were witnessed on overall complexity or subordination complexity. The gradients of the EG trajectories of the two metrics were greater than those of the CG. However, on phrasal complexity, the interaction effect was not significant.
The National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy in times of COVID-19: Building skills to “Build Back Better”
Authors: Bellefleur Olivier , Jacques Marianne
Published: May 2021

This article, the second in a series on the six National Collaborating Centres for Public Health, focuses on the National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy (NCCHPP), a centre of expertise, and knowledge synthesis and sharing that supports public health actors in Canada in their efforts to develop and promote healthy public policy. The article briefly describes the NCCHPP’s mandate and programming, noting some of the resources that are particularly relevant in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) context. It then discusses how the NCCHPP’s programming has been adapted to meet the changing needs of public health actors throughout the pandemic. These needs have been strongly tied to decisions aimed at containing the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mitigating its immediate impacts in various societal sectors since the beginning of the crisis. Needs have also gradually emerged related to how public health is expected to help inform the development of public policies that will allow us to “build back better” societies as we recover from the pandemic. The article concludes by discussing the orientation of the NCCHPP’s future work as we emerge from the COVID-19 crisis.
Le Centre de collaboration nationale sur les politiques publiques et la santé au temps de la COVID-19 : développer les compétences pour «rebâtir en mieux»
Authors: Bellefleur Olivier , Jacques Marianne
Published: May 2021

Ce deuxième article d’une série sur les six Centres de collaboration nationale en santé publique porte sur le Centre de collaboration nationale sur les politiques publiques et la santé (CCNPPS), un centre d’expertise, de synthèse et de partage des connaissances qui soutient les acteurs de la santé publique au Canada dans leurs efforts d’élaboration et de promotion de politiques publiques favorables à la santé. L’article présente brièvement le mandat du CCNPPS et sa programmation, en mentionnant quelques-unes des ressources particulièrement pertinentes dans le contexte actuel de la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Il s’attarde ensuite aux adaptations apportées à la programmation du CCNPPS pour répondre aux besoins changeants des acteurs de la santé publique au fil de la pandémie. Ces besoins ont été fortement liés aux décisions visant à contenir la propagation du virus SRAS-CoV-2 et à mitiger ses impacts immédiats dans les différents secteurs de la société depuis le début de la crise. Des besoins ont aussi progressivement émergé en lien avec la contribution attendue de la santé publique pour informer le développement de politiques publiques qui permettront de « rebâtir en mieux » nos sociétés lors du rétablissement de la pandémie. L’article se termine en mentionnant les orientations du CCNPPS pour ses travaux à venir dans un contexte de sortie de crise de la COVID-19.
Wstęp
Authors: Doda-Wyszyńska Agnieszka
Published: May 2021

Prawda w kulturze
W poszukiwaniu prawdy współczesnych nauk humanistycznych. Wytwarzanie wnętrza poprzez projektowanie siebie
Authors: Maruszewski Samuel
Published: May 2021

This article aims to rethink the category of truth in modern humanities. Considering the ever accelerating process of technicisation of culture, human sciences need to readjust and rename the way they influence contemporary society. It is necessary for them to acknowledge the needs of the late post industrial era with all its implications towards philosophical theory. That would mean expanding the spectrum of skills offered by classical humanistic education and remodeling it into the concept of Self design, proposed by the author (Dasein as design). The author draws from the late modernity’s commentators’ and researchers’ critiques in order to diagnose the crisis of the humanities and to develop ideas of his own, that could help to modernize this discipline of knowledge.
Sieć boga Indry. W obronie integralności hinduizmu
Authors: Karaś Mateusz
Published: May 2021

Rajiv Malhotra, Ingra’s Net. Defending Hinduism’s Philosophical Unity, Harper Collins, 2016, ss. 400.
Medycyna kartezjańska – jej cele i uwarunkowania
Authors: Stegliński Tomasz
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the less popular part of Descartes’ philosophy, namely his medicine. Outlined, it has not reached its mature form. Its basic examples are above all the anatomical works of the philosopher: “Man,” “Description of the Human Body” and in a sense the text of “Passion of the Soul”; in addition, several statements from “Dissertation on the Method” or “Metaphysical Meditations,” finally some youthful letters . In the following text I try to link various threads in this area to answer some basic questions: what was Cartesian medicine supposed to be? What was its foundation? What beliefs and hopes did the author associate with this part of science? How did he want to build medicine on the solid grounds of his metaphysics? I divide the text of the article into two parts. In the first part I deal with the objectives medicine was to serve. I present its role in consolidating the view of the material nature of life and its impact on thinking in man. I present five main purposes of medical science, such as: self-knowledge; a pain relief technique; a way to extend life; neutralization of corporality as a state of mind; finally the existance of medicine as the basis for ethics. In the second part I talk about the methodological conditions of Descartes’s rationalism. I show how it was possible to fund knowledge on the practical application of medical techniques. I try to show the effect of this perspective.
Teoretyczne ujęcia i egzemplifikacje wykluczenia społecznego
Authors: Oliwa-Ciesielska Monika
Published: May 2021

The article presents problems with the theoretical distinction between social exclusion and marginalization, pointing to the proposals of contemporary approaches and references to ambiguously used and abused constructs. The key is to point out that exclusion and marginalization are not a separate problem, but always conditioned by specific social problems, dysfunctions and deficiencies. A separate feature is the separable nature of the highlighted problems, because in social life they are often mutually conditioning areas, which in the case of the occurrence of broadly understood dysfunctions, focus on various severities. The analysis of marginalization and exclusion also shows the problem of building boundaries between these two concepts but also those suppressing excessive inclusion of concepts. The problems contained in the article indicate that researchers are trying to characterize these concepts separately for the purposes of their own analysis, but in common use there is no unified understanding of the term neither marginalization nor exclusion. The article also shows contemporary references to areas of exclusion, which has lost its legal basis in favor of economic and mental isolation processes.
Samobójstwo i zachowania ryzykowne młodzieży. Analiza zjawisk w świetle założeń biopsychoekologicznych
Authors: Formella Zbigniew
Published: May 2021

The above statement is of a well-known researcher of the subject of suicide. Suicide points to consider the phenomenon of various perspectives: philosophical, theological, sociological, clinical, psychological, and psycho-pedagogical. The choice of this direction of analysis depends on the theoretical and methodological assumptions adopted by the researcher. My study, focus on psycho-pedagogical. I will try to combine the phenomenon of suicide with the so-called “Young people with difficulties.” My analysis will be carried out in the area of bio-psycho-ecological theory, which allows me to approach this subject in a multidimensional way, because I am of the opinion of multidimensional approach brings the best results.
Skala Zaufania do Przełożonego jako narzędzie do mierzenia zaufania do menedżerów
Authors: Wnuk Marcin
Published: May 2021

Background: The aim of the study was operationalizing trust in supervisor concept and assesses the psychometric properties of the tool using to measure this construct. Material and Methods: Subjects were 804 employees from different organizations. The following measures were used: Perceived Supervisor Support Scale, Perceived Stress at Work Questionnaire, Grattitude Towards Organization Scale, Organizational Loyalty Scale and 2 measures – regarding intention to leave and job satisfaction. Results: Confirmed very good psychometric properties of Trust in Supervisor Scale. Factor analysis statistically confirmed the two dimensional structure of this measure inclusive benevolence and integrity factor containing 12 items and abilities as well as competences containing 8 items. The reliability of the Trust in Supervisor Scale was confirmed using the α-Cronbach coefficient. The proof of the theoretical validity of this measure are its positive correlations with job satisfaction, loyalty and gratitude towards the organization as well as its negative relationships with the intend to quit organization and the level of stress. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm that the Trust in Supervisor Scale has a very good psychometric properties and may be used in practice to explore trust in mangers in organizations in Poland.
Nieczytelność i nieprzezroczystość. Dwa wymiary wizualności tekstu
Authors: Depcik Dominika
Published: May 2021

This work deals with the visuality of the text, in the context of two paths of a reflection on its being: the illegibility/ legibility and transparenty/ opacity. Its aim is to prove, that the text is a visual medium. The first part of the work introduces the main topic by providing a short outline of the history of subject matter, which is typography, the area of visual communication that works with the text. The second part deals with the analysis of the text in terms of aforementioned paths of reflection. The issue of transparenty had to be claryfied first, because firstly it should be proven, that the text is not invisible for an eye. From this matter the work passes to the notion of illegibility: if the text is not transparent – visually neutral – but instead, highly graphically characterised, then the question is, if it does remain readable.
Oblicza ezoteryzmu
Authors: Drozdowicz Zbigniew
Published: May 2021

Esoterism belongs to those phenomena present for a long time in culture which caused and still cause certain interest, as well different kinds of reservations and raise certain questions. The main issue is however made here by the fact that it had taken and still takes various forms and it is being perceived and presented differently by both - its followers and its academic researchers. In these remarks I will recall several exatmples of that. Although none of those researchers aren’t willing to marginalize and trivialize the issue they do differ in the judgment of its cultural impact. I’m willing in that matter to share the general thesis by saying that it had played and still does an alternative role to the socially dominant forms of culture.
Idea Boga w późnych pismach Immanuela Kanta
Authors: Kupś Tomasz
Published: May 2021

Kant’s position on the problem of God is radicalized under the influence of transcendental philosophy’s evolving project. The weakening position of physico-theology and the growing importance of moral theology are possible ways of describing the shift in perspective between the pre-critical period writings and the critical period writings. The separation of the area of cognition and action excludes the possibility of formulating theodicy in a classical form. God, as only a conceived idea, and its meaning is firmly grounded in practical philosophy, in which the presentation of the law is a sufficient condition for moral behaviour. In such a model, God is only an idea, but a fully functional one. This could be noticed mostly in the Opus postumum, where in analogy to God’s practical idea, Kant deduces the transcendental ether’s existence. Ether is not just a hypothesis for Kant; it is not just a ‘temporary’ or ‘contingent’ assumption made ad hoc to explain a particular experience. Still, it is a fundamental and indelible condition, a conditio sine qua non of experience in general. The non-hypothetical matter of heat (ether) is the transcendental condition of all experience, though it does not cease to be an ‘intelligible thing’, an ‘idea’. The status of this idea is entirely ‘non-theoretical’. Kant writes about the ether similarly as he writes about the idea of God, which is only conceivable but at the same time it maintains a strong ‘non-theoretical’ status. The Kantian idea of God is strongly objectified. It is not a ‘product’ of reason, but rather something ‘perceived’ by reason, a strictly theistic idea (as Erich Adickes claims). Kant’s statements, characteristic for the Opus postumum, in which God is identified with moral law, of course give grounds to suppose that the deification of practical reason can be understood as a final stage in the long process of anthropologizing God. However, these statements also allow us to consider practical reason as a new source of what is given.
Troponin: the biomarker of choice for the detection of cardiac injury
Authors: Babuin Luciano , Jaffe Allan S.
Published: May 2021

It has been known for 50 years that transaminase activity increases in patients with acute myocardial infarction. With the development of creatine kinase (CK), biomarkers of cardiac injury began to take a major role in the diagnosis and management of patients with acute cardiovascular disease. In 2000 the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology recognized the pivotal role of biomarkers and made elevations in their levels the “cornerstone” of diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. At that time, they also acknowledged that cardiac troponin I and T had supplanted CK-MB as the analytes of choice for diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the science underlying the use of troponin biomarkers, how to interpret troponin values properly and how to apply these measurements to patients who present with possible cardiovascular disease. Troponin is the biomarker of choice for the detection of cardiac injury. To use it properly, one must understand how sensitive the specific assay being used is for detecting cardiac injury, the fact that elevated troponin levels are highly specific for cardiac injury and some critical issues related to the basic science of the protein and its measurement. In this article, we review the biology of troponin, characteristics of assays that measure serum troponin levels and how to apply these measurements to patients who present with possible cardiovascular disease. We also discuss other clinical situations in which troponin levels may be elevated.
Reliability of the Squat Jump Force-Velocity and Load-Velocity Profiles
Authors: Kotani Yosuke , Lake Jason , Guppy Stuart N. , Poon Wayne , Nosaka Kazunori , Hori Naruhiro , Haff G. Gregory
Published: May 2021

Kotani, Y, Lake, J, Guppy, SN, Poon, W, Nosaka, K, Hori, N, and Haff, GG. The reliability of the squat jump force-velocity and load-velocity profiles. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3000–3007, 2022—The purpose of this study was to investigate the between-session reliability of the squat jump force-velocity (FV) and load-velocity (LV) profiles. Eighteen subjects (age = 28.1 ± 4.8 years; height = 1.7 ± 9.7; body mass = 74.7 ± 12.8) who could back squat >1.5 times body mass participated in this study. Each subject completed a familiarization session, followed by 2 experimental sessions each separated by 72 hours. Subjects performed a series of squat jumps on a force plate against external loads between 0 and 100% of their body mass in a quasi-randomized block order. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to examine the between-session reliability. Peak velocity (PV) and mean velocity (MV) at each load were highly reliable (ICC >0.80, CV% <7.41, SEM <0.13 m·s−1, smallest detectable difference [SDD] <0.31 m·s−1, ES <0.21). Force-velocity profiles created with peak force and relative peak force resulted in poor to excellent reliability (ICC = 0.34–0.92, CV% = 11.9–26.3). When mean and relative mean forces were used to create FV profiles, there was poor to good reliability (ICC = 0.03–0.85, CV% = 18.1–39.4). When the LV profile was calculated with PV (ICC = 0.60–0.90, CV% = 7.9–16.9) or MV (ICC = 0.49–0.91, CV% = 11.1–23.4), there was poor to excellent reliability. There was no time effect found between sessions for both FV and LV profiles. The squat jump FV and LV profiles established with a force plate are not reliable. Therefore, these profiles are not recommended to be used to inform programming decisions.