bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. (Arecaceae) seedling recruitment at the edge and interior of Cerrado remnants
Authors: Ragusa-Netto J.
Published: March 2022

Abstract The edge effect has impacts on seed and seedling survival due to modifications in biotic and abiotic factors. Often, large-seeded tree species lost seed vectors in the forest edge due to the rarity or absence of large frugivores at this habitat type. In this study, I compared the seedling abundance and distribution of the palm Syagrus flexuosa between edges and interiors of three large Cerrado remnants. In every remnant, the number of seedlings around parent palms in the edge was smaller than around palm individuals located in the Cerrado interior. Moreover, the distribution of seedlings around parent palms differed between edges and interiors. In the edges, most seedlings were found under parent crowns, while in the interiors, the contrary occurred. The high concentration of seedlings under parent palms suggests a decrease of seed dispersal at the edges. Because S. flexuosa is a widely distributed palm that serves as an important resource for several animals along Cerrado habitats, changes on the regeneration process of this palm due to edge effects can further impact frugivore populations. Therefore, the decline of seedling establishment along forest edges implies changes in the Cerrado regeneration dynamics, which may compromise the persistence of ecological processes and animal communities.
Trombose de veia porta não associada à cirrose – desafio terapêutico
Authors: Sarquis Lucas Mansano , Trintinalha Paula de Oliveira , Michaelis Wilson , Santos Filho Antonio Lacerda , Yokoyama Rogerio Akira , Michaelis Thiago , Smaniotto Adriana Pires , Oliveira Mariana Santos
Published: March 2022

Resumo A trombose de veia porta (TVP) é uma doença na qual ocorre trombose desde os ramos intra-hepáticos da veia porta, podendo se estender até a veia esplênica e/ou veia mesentérica superior, estando associada, na maioria das vezes, à cirrose hepática. A TVP não associada a cirrose é rara. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar dois casos de TVP não associados à cirrose, que foram tratados com anticoagulação e tiveram evolução clínica satisfatória.
Tratamento combinado na dissecção de artéria mesentérica superior: desafio terapêutico
Authors: Ficagna Guilherme Borgo , Galindo Cristiano do Carmo , Mazon Jean Paulo Niero , Debiasi Gustavo Galvan , Vargas Amanda Bogo , Bernz Laura Sahd
Published: March 2022

Resumo A dissecção da artéria mesentérica superior é uma causa rara de dor abdominal, com quadro clínico variável. Seu diagnóstico é difícil, e não existe consenso sobre suas opções terapêuticas; elas variam em torno de tratamento conservador, correção aberta, endovascular ou combinada. Descrevemos o caso de um homem de 45 anos com dissecção isolada da artéria mesentérica superior, com quadro de dor abdominal persistente após tentativa de tratamento conservador. Ele foi submetido à revascularização cirúrgica aberta devido à localização e complexidade da dissecção. O tratamento com endarterectomia, arterioplastia com remendo de pericárdio bovino e acesso retrógrado para abertura da mesentérica com stent foi realizado com sucesso. A angina abdominal foi totalmente resolvida após estabilização do quadro. A combinação de abordagem aberta e endovascular deve ser considerada como terapia para casos de dissecção complexa isolada da artéria mesentérica superior.
Climate analysis using neural networks as supporting to the agriculture
Authors: Borella Lucas de Carvalho , Borella Margareth Rodrigues de Carvalho , Corso Leandro Luís
Published: March 2022

Abstract The aim of this study is to conduct climate forecasting with models of artificial neural networks as a tool in the decision-making process for the planting of some types of agricultural products. A database with the main climate elements was built from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), and those elements that influenced the average temperature value the most were found at a significance level of 0.05. Models of Artificial Neural Networks were developed and tested using Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root-Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), before being linked to the best agricultural cultivation forecast value. Twelve neural networks were elaborated, eight of them are related to the temperature forecast and the other four are related to the precipitation forecast. The networks that showed the best performance are those that consider all the elements of climate. It is possible to conclude that the artificial neural networks showed an adequate performance in predicting chaotic time series, and that their results were therefore linked to the optimum cultivation to use for each forecast. A schedule is supplied at the end, indicating the ideal time to plant each of the crops evaluated. Carrot is found to be the best suited crop for the forecasted range over the next five years.
Construction site design planning using 4D BIM modeling
Authors: Caldart Caroline Wilsek , Scheer Sérgio
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Adequate construction site planning provides productivity and safety gains and reduces material transportation costs. However, as they take a dynamic structure, the construction site layout planning is quite often complex and inefficient. 4D BIM modeling helps to visualize the spatial layout of objects on the construction site throughout the project establishing their positioning during a specific time, thus providing better results for the physical use of space. By using the Design Science Research method, this article aims to establish a process using 4D BIM modeling to implement the planning and management of construction sites taking into account their key characteristic, dynamism.
Flora of Espírito Santo, Brazil: Alismataceae
Authors: Matias Lígia Queiroz , Nascimento Hugo Pereira do
Published: March 2022

Abstract This floristic survey of Alismataceae from the state of Espírito Santo aims to update the diversity and extinction vulnerability data for the species. The taxa here listed were obtained from Splink and Reflora Virtual Herbarium databases. A total of seven native taxa were registered for Espírito Santo state: Echinodorus grandiflorus, E. macrophyllus, Helanthium bolivianus, Hydrocleis nymphoides, Limnocharis flava, Sagittaria lancifolia and S. rhombifolia; the exotic species Alisma plantago-aquatica presented one single record. The populations occurred in flooded areas located at low altitudes and were primarily collected from some preserved areas and in the coastal region of the state. This study presents a taxonomic identification key, morphological descriptions and species illustrations. Comments on ecology, conservation and geographical distribution of the species are also presented.
Flora of Espírito Santo: Bonnetiaceae
Authors: Marinho Lucas Cardoso
Published: March 2022

Abstract Bonnetia stricta is the only species of Bonnetiaceae in eastern Brazil, where it occurs in the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Sergipe. It is easily recognized by the alternate, spiral leaves grouped at the apex of the branches and showy white to pink flowers with numerous stamens. As a contribution to the Flora of Espírito Santo project, this study provides a description, illustrations, taxonomic comments and a distribution map of the specimens of B. stricta from the state.
Flora of Espírito Santo, Brazil: Connaraceae
Authors: Toledo Cássio A. P. , Souza Vinicius C. , Lucas Eve J.
Published: March 2022

Abstract The pantropical family Connaraceae includes 12-13 genera and about 200 species, with species richness centered in Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. Most neotropical species of this family occur in Brazil, where several taxa are exclusively found. In Espírito Santo (southeast Brazil), two genera (Connarus and Rourea) and nine species of Connaraceae occur, all of which are exclusive to Brazil and mostly distributed in tableland forests or restingas from Rio de Janeiro up to south Bahia, with some taxa restricted to a few sites or even endemic to a particular area in Espírito Santo. In order to contribute to the flora of Espírito Santo, this taxonomic treatment presents morphological descriptions of the family, the two genera and their respective species, along with identification keys, illustrations, distribution maps and recognition notes.
Flora of Espírito Santo: Pontederiaceae
Authors: Pellegrini Marco Octávio de Oliveira , Guarnier Julia Cristina
Published: March 2022

Abstract Pontederiaceae is a small family of Monocots, composed of two genera (i.e., Heteranthera and Pontederia) and ca. 40 species. Two genera and 27 species are accepted for Brazil. In the state of Espírito Santo, Heteranthera is represented by two species and Pontederia by four species. Its species are exclusively found growing in aquatic or paludal, perennial or seasonal environments. We present descriptions, comments, and illustrations for the species.
Flora of Rio Preto National Forest: Salicaceae
Authors: Nepomuceno Álvaro , Nichio-Amaral Renara , Alves-Araújo Anderson
Published: March 2022

Abstract Salicaceae (Malpighiales) has a pantropical distribution, with 58 genera and ca. 1,200 species, and the Neotropical region is its center of diversity. In Brazil, 20 genera and 104 species can be found, of which 35 species are endemic. Holding almost half of Salicaceae diversity of the Atlantic Forest domain, Espírito Santo state has registered 23 species and four genera. Facing a large number of unidentified vouchers from the north of the state and challenging diagnostic characters for specific delimitation, this work aims to provide a taxonomic survey of Salicaceae of the Rio Preto National Forest. To do so, monthly field expeditions were carried out from January/2018 to March/2020. Salicaceae of Rio Preto National Forest is represented by four genera and nine species, where the genus Xylosma (X. glaberrima) and the species Banara serrata are new records to Espírito Santo state. Casearia is the richest genus with six species. Characters such as thorns, stipules, leaf punctations, type of venation and leaf margin, position and morphology of the leaf glands, position and morphology (sessile or pedunculate) of the inflorescences, number of floral whorls and position of the disc lobes are the most important characters for specific recognition.
Synoptic treatment of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil: distribution, morphology, illustration and new occurrences
Authors: Mendes Jone Clebson Ribeiro , Bigio Narcísio Costa , Külkamp Josimar , Pereira-Silva Rafaela Alves
Published: March 2022

Abstract Euphorbiaceae is one of the largest and more complex families of angiosperms with 6,745 species and 218 genera. Dalechampia comprises approximately 130 species, with pantropical distribution, the genus presents pseudantial inflorescence with bilateral symmetry, and this characteristic differs from the others taxons in the family. Were registered 15 Dalechampia species for Espiríto Santo, of which D. margarethiae until then, it was endemic of state recording here a new occurrence for the state of Minas Gerais. Dalechampia leandrii, D. micromeria, and D. stipulacea constitute new records for the state. After expeditions in the field to observe and collect samples, bibliographic revision, and examination of herbarium specimens, we present a synopsis of Dalechampia from Espirito Santo state, in which we provide morphological illustration, an identification key, distribution maps, and comments about each taxon.
Contra Vargas: Escritores Censurados Bajo el “Estado Novo” Brasileño (1937-1945)
Authors: Grecco Gabriela de Lima
Published: March 2022

RESUMEN Este artículo se propone analizar el control literario durante la dictadura brasileña del Estado Novo de Getúlio Vargas. Se identifica la legislación creada sobre el tema en cuestión y se analiza el proceso censor, así como los actores allí involucrados. Para ello, se examinan algunas de las estrategias de negociación desarrolladas por los escritores en relación con la censura varguista. Los intelectuales se organizaron en redes de protección y articularon formas de resistencia mediante la infiltración en los espacios de poder. A través de su penetración en los medios oficiales, los intelectuales pudieron hacer frente a la censura varguista y aminorar su poder represivo. Asimismo, se analiza el submundo de la literatura clandestina, donde se han rastreado libros considerados por las autoridades disolventes. La presente investigación fue realizada en el Archivo CPDOC, en el Archivo Público del Estado de São Paulo (APESP), en el Archivo del Estado de Rio de Janeiro (APERJ) y en el Archivo Carlos Drummod de Andrade (ACDA).
Updated Primer on the Forward-Looking Analysis of Risk Events (FLARE) Model: A Top-Down Stress Test Model
Authors: Correia Sergio , Seay Matthew P. , Vojtech Cindy M.
Published: March 2022

While the bank stress test exercise conducted by the Federal Reserve System is a critical policy tool for assessing the health of large banks, the Federal Reserve has worked to build additional tools to assess the resiliency of the banking system as a whole and to address macroprudential goals. The Forward-Looking Analysis of Risk Events (FLARE) model is one such tool. This technical note describes the FLARE model, which is a top-down model that helps assess how well the banking system is positioned to weather exogenous macroeconomic shocks. FLARE estimates banking system capital under varying macroeconomic scenarios, time horizons, and other systemic shocks.
A hibrid fenyegetések elleni szakpolitika Magyarországon
Authors: Szenes Zoltán
Published: March 2022

A hibrid hadviselés új típusú biztonsági kihívásként, kockázatként és fenyegetésként jelent meg az elmúlt évtizedben, amely egyre nagyobb szerepet kap a nemzeti és szövetségi biztonságpolitikák alakításában. A cikk a hibrid fenyegetések elleni nemzeti szakpolitika kialakulását és evolúciós fejlődését vizsgálja hazánkban. Stratégiai dokumentumok és jogszabályok értékelése alapján bizonyítja a védekezés kétlépcsős jellegét, amely a nemzetközi - elsősorban az Európai Unióval és a NATO-val való – együttműködésre és a nemzeti feltételrendszer fokozatos kiépítésére épül. Bemutatja a hibrid fenyegetések magyar felfogását, a szövetségi együttműködés hazai fejlődésre gyakorolt hatásait és eredményeit. A szakpolitika gyorsuló ütemben formálódott 2016 és 2021 között, amelyben a nem nevesített felek általi hibrid támadások tapasztalatai, az alkalmazott eszközök típusai, a hibrid tevékenység területei és a védekezési képességek építésének lehetőségei játszottak szerepet. A tanulmány részletesen értékeli a nemzetközi vonatkozásban is erösnek tekinthető kibervédelmi tevékenységet, ismerteti az állam és a társadalom ellenálló tevékenységének erősítését szolgáló terveket. Vizsgálja a nemzeti válságkezelés irányítási és vezetési alkalmasságát a hibrid támadások ellen, támogatja a külső és belső biztonság krízismenedzsmentjének integrációját célzó szakmai javaslatokat, mint olyan formát, amely legalkalmasabb lenne az összetett tömeges hibrid támadások hatékony kezelésére. Rámutat arra, hogy a hibrid támadási spektrumnak megfelelően tovább kell szélesíteni a védekezés lehetőségeit, a kibervédelemhez hasonlóan a többi területen is szisztematikus építkezésre van szükség. Az elemzés azzal a következtetéssel zárul, hogy ehhez szükség van egy nemzeti hibrid stratégia kidolgozására és elfogadására.
Estresse e riscos ocupacionais em profissionais atuantes em um salão de beleza
Authors: Costa Natália Melo Lira da , Barros Melissa Seelig Pamplona , Wilhelm Fernanda Ax
Published: March 2022

Os salões de beleza podem ser definidos como espaços de convivência, com variadas experiências relacionadas à socialização. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar situações estressantes e riscos ocupacionais vivenciados por cabeleireiras e manicures que atuam em um salão de beleza no extremo norte do país. Tratou-se de um estudo de caráter qualitativo, no qual participaram da pesquisa 12 manicures e cabeleireiras. A coleta de dados ocorreu através da aplicação de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, e a análise foi realizada à luz da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Constatou-se que as situações estressantes relatadas pelas profissionais estão relacionadas com: a forma que suas clientes as tratam, ambiente quente, barulho e rivalidade entre colegas de trabalho. As profissionais reconhecem a presença de riscos ocupacionais em seus trabalhos, tais como: lidar com objetos cortantes, manusear e inalar produtos químicos, possibilidade de contrair doenças em geral, entre outros. Assim, é relevante investir em ações de educação e treinamento, para prevenir e minimizar o estresse e os riscos ocupacionais, com enfoque na saúde das clientes e na saúde das profissionais.
HMW DNA extraction using magnetic beads v1
Authors: Kučka Marek , Frank Chan Yingguang
Published: March 2022

This protocol allows high-throughput extraction of high molecular weight (HMW) DNA from tissue samples (primarily from animals). The protocol uses low-cost reagents and can be performed on 96-well plate formats. Provided that the tissue samples are properly stored and preserved, the extracted DNA can achieve very high quality and purity, suitable for most short- and long-read DNA sequencing library construction. For specific high-value samples, users may prefer to use specially-designed kits for extraction.
[RETRACTED] Slim Core X Keto Boost Reviews – (Scam or Legit) Is It Worth For You? v1
Authors: not provided samerknower
Published: March 2022

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[RETRACTED] Mayim Bialik CBD Gummies Review, Shocking Side Effects, Is It Fake Or Trusted? Update 2022 v1
Authors: not provided https://topwellnessmart.com/orderMayimBialikCBD
Published: March 2022

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Single coacervate sequencing v1
Authors: Aron Franziska , Wollny Damian
Published: March 2022

Here, we present a protocol which enables the comprehensive characterization of the RNA content of single phase-separated coacervates. We adapted single-cell RNA sequencing technology in combination with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to answer the question of how one condensate differs from the other in terms of RNA composition and how it relates to condensate features such as droplet size. This approach represents a powerful addition to labor intensive and low throughput microscopy approaches which have been the state of the art approach for coacervate RNA characterization. This protocol includes droplet production, as well as a Smart-seq2 protocol adaption for lysis, reverse transcription and cDNA amplification and sequencing library preparation. This protocol ends with the library preparation. Afterwards it got sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq500 (paired end for 300 cycles). The Smart-seq2 protocol was originally published in Picelli, S., Faridani, O., Björklund, Å. et al. Full-length RNA-seq from single cells using Smart-seq2. Nat Protoc9, 171–181 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2014.006
Stress-induced behavioral changes in Iraqi dentistry academics during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Al-Shaikhli Mustafa , Shanshal Aisha , Hussain Saad
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Studies of dental practitioners performed around the world demonstrate that COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacts their daily activities lives, social functions, and health-care providing duties. The aim of the study is to evaluate the pandemic-induced psychological stress and associated factors on dental academics in Iraq.Methods: We conduct an observational study using a self-administered survey to obtain data from dental academics in many colleges of dentistry within Baghdad city. A closed-ended questionnaire was utilized, to assess post-traumatic responses to particular events. The Impact of Event Scale was used to assess the level of stress in the first of two outcomes. The second depicts the effects of COVID-19 on behavioral changes.Results: A total of 108 participants from seven colleges in Bagdad responded. About 38% reported a state of severe stress, 46.3% showed moderate stress, and 13.9% complained of mild states of stress. Stress levels were found to be substantially linked to fear of infection, worries about professional responsibilities, and limited mobility.Conclusion: The pandemic stress induces psychological and behavioral changes on the Iraqi dental educators, which can never be eliminated.
Extruded Snacks from Rice, Green lentil, Chickpea and Tomato Powder Finished with Frying / Microwave Roasting
Authors: Singh Prabhjot , Vatankhah Hamed , Ramaswamy Hosahalli
Published: March 2022

Extrudates were first prepared through extrusion-cooking and air-drying of different formulations obtained through a D-optimal Mixture Design containing blends of rice flour (RF), green lentil flour (GL), chickpeas flour (CP), and tomato powder (TP) in different proportions. These extrudates were subjected to deep oil frying (DOF) at 200⁰C or microwave roasting (MWR) at 75% power level (1000W oven) in order to develop desirable color and flavor characteristics. Physical properties including color (L*, a*, b*), expansion ratio (ER), breaking stress (BS) and antioxidant activity (AA) were evaluated, and the influence of product variables on output parameters was assessed. Increasing CP and GL in the formulations resulted in a decrease in the ER and an increase in the BS. However, the inclusion of CP and TP helped to produce snacks of golden yellow color and increased their overall acceptability. The addition of TP also improved the antioxidant activity of the resulting product. Both DOF and MWR resulted in a lower antioxidant activity; however, MWR led to more than 80% retention of the original antioxidants and higher sensory acceptability. ER and L* values had a strong positive correlation with the overall acceptability of products. The extrusion - air-drying - microwave roasting process produced healthy snacks with acceptable sensory quality, high protein (through added pulses), and enriched antioxidant (through added tomato powder) contents.
Fear of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic too
Authors: N Anusha , D Satyanarayana , V Archana
Published: March 2022

Current management of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) focusses on infection control, development of a vaccine and the treatment of patients with little emphasis on psychosocial aspects. This study aimed at studying the prevalence and variables associated with fear of COVID-19 on Indian population. A cross sectional study was conducted on 1002 participants via an online survey and the data was analysed by SPSS version 26. The mean age of population was 32.29 with a SD of 14.17. Of the total population, 54.1 % were males and 45.9% were females. 15% of the population had anxiety and depression and 15% had fear of death across ages and literacy levels. Subjects with low education, lower income, staying away from the family and being tested for COVID-19, had higher levels of fear. Higher levels of fear were amongst news watchers and COVID-19 message forwarders. Amongst the infected or the contact population there was a lot of fear reaction to the disease. This study highlighted the fear spread among various groups of the population and a need for better pandemic preparedness. Keywords: COVID-19; anxiety; mental health; pandemic preparedness; coronavirus
Arterial blood gas analysis and dyselectrolytemia in acute exacerbation of COPD as a prognostic marker
Authors: R Priyashree , NS Kumar , HN Handargal
Published: March 2022

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. COPD is the umbrella term used to include three different respiratory conditions defined clinically as chronic bronchitis and pathologically as Emphysema and it also includes small airway disease. COPD patients mostly present with the features of acute respiratory infectionsbut there may be a number of metabolic derangements arising out of the disease process or as a consequence of the therapy instituted like hyponatremia, hypokalemia, elevated liver enzymes and blood urea. These abnormalities are very often missed and may contribute to morbidity and mortality, if overlooked. Objectives: To study the levels of hypoxemia and serum electrolytes like sodium and potassium in cases of acute exacerbation of COPD and to assess the significance of dyselectrolytemia, as a prognostic marker in these patients. Materials and methods: The study was undertaken from November 2014 to October 2016 among the patients attending, Victoria hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon hospital attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, with acute exacerbation of COPD diagnosed clinically and by the pulmonary function tests. 50 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and 50 disease free healthy controls were included in the study. The Statistical software SAS 9.2, SPSS 15.0, were used for the analysis of the data and Microsoft word and excel have been used to generate graphs, tables etc. Conclusion: Electrolyte abnormalities are most commonly seen in patients with COPD with acute exacerbation and carry very poor prognosis in this group of patients. Thus, overlooking of coexistant metabolic abnormalities may contribute to a great deal of mortality and morbidity in COPD patients during their acute exacerbation episodes. Keywords: pulmonary disease; COPD; dyselectrolytemia; acute exacerbation
Ground-Motion Modeling as an Image Processing Task: Introducing a Neural Network Based, Fully Data-Driven, and Nonergodic Approach
Authors: Lilienkamp Henning , von Specht Sebastian , Weatherill Graeme , Caire Giuseppe , Cotton Fabrice
Published: March 2022

We construct and examine the prototype of a deep learning-based ground-motion model (GMM) that is both fully data driven and nonergodic. We formulate ground-motion modeling as an image processing task, in which a specific type of neural network, the U-Net, relates continuous, horizontal maps of earthquake predictive parameters to sparse observations of a ground-motion intensity measure (IM). The processing of map-shaped data allows the natural incorporation of absolute earthquake source and observation site coordinates, and is, therefore, well suited to include site-, source-, and path-specific amplification effects in a nonergodic GMM. Data-driven interpolation of the IM between observation points is an inherent feature of the U-Net and requires no a priori assumptions. We evaluate our model using both a synthetic dataset and a subset of observations from the KiK-net strong motion network in the Kanto basin in Japan. We find that the U-Net model is capable of learning the magnitude–distance scaling, as well as site-, source-, and path-specific amplification effects from a strong motion dataset. The interpolation scheme is evaluated using a fivefold cross validation and is found to provide on average unbiased predictions. The magnitude–distance scaling as well as the site amplification of response spectral acceleration at a period of 1 s obtained for the Kanto basin are comparable to previous regional studies.
Hematological Parameters in Subchronic Toxicity Test of Black Garlic Ethanol Extract in Rats
Authors: Rumaseuw Ellen Stephanie , Iskandar Yoppi , Halimah Eli
Published: March 2022

The community has used black garlic since ancient times for hypercholesterolemic. Until now, people still consume both raw and cooked black garlic. Black garlic is included in processed garlic products. People on the Asian continent have used black garlic for the past 10 years. This study aims to determine the sub-chronic toxic effect of black garlic ethanol extract on male and female white rats using hematological parameters consisting of hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, MCV, MCH, and MCHC. This research method was a completely randomized design with the administration of ethanolic extract of black garlic to rats in 5 treatment groups, including a negative control group, a dose group of 1000 mg/kg BW, a dose group of 2000 mg/kg BW, a negative control satellite group and a satellite group with a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW. Data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence level and SPSS version 20. The study results of black garlic ethanol extract showed no significant effect or were at normal levels on hematological parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ethanolic extract of black garlic is safe for human use as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia.
Modeling of Surface Runoff Estimation in Tropical Palm Dates Plantations: A Case Study in Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Devianti  , Syahrul  , Kamisna Dian , Sitorus Agustami , Thamren Dewi Sartika
Published: March 2022

One of the most popular surface runoff estimation methods is the rational method. Unfortunately, this method has several concentration-time approaches that have been developed, as one of the parameters, which are specific to the environment to increase the accuracy of the runoff estimation. Therefore, this study aims to estimate surface runoff using a rational method with several concentration-time approaches in order to obtain the best accuracy in tropical palm dates plantations in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The concentration-time approaches studied were Kerby, Kirpich, Manning, Bransby Williams, Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). This research was conducted by making a test plot in the plantation with the length, width, and slope of 22 m, 4 m, and 25%, respectively. Each side of the test plot is given a barrier plate with a height of 15 cm and embedded as deep as 30 cm. In addition, on the bottom side, there is a runoff collection tank with a capacity of 50 L. The physical properties of the soil on the test plots in the form of structure, texture, porosity, permeability, and organic C were granular, sandy loam, 0.43%, 1.84 cm/day, and 1.25%, respectively. The test was carried out from March to November 2020 with 37 days of rain. The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences between each concentration-time approach being tested. The best runoff estimation uses the Bransby William method in units of l/hr with the root mean square of 7.95.
Comparative Prediction and Modelling of Surface Roughness in Milling of AL-7075 Using Regression Analysis and Neural Network
Authors: Hussein Hiba K. , Shareef Israa R. , Zayer Iman A.
Published: March 2022

The surface roughness (Ra) of machine parts effects significantly the fatigue strength, corrosion resistance and aesthetic appeal of them. Therefore, Ra is an important parameter in manufacturing process. In this research, Ra of Aluminum Al-7075 in milling process is predicted and minimized. Ra minimization has to be in standard mathematical model formula. In order to predict minimum Ra value, developing a model is taken to deal with real Ra experimental data of the milling process. Two model approaches which are Regression and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are proposed for minimum Ra value prediction. The studied process parameters were: speed of cut, feed rate and depth of cut. Regression and ANN were used to investigate the effect of these parameters on Ra through 27 cases of study, where full Analysis of Ra besides to determining regression equation and optimum process parameters are achieved. This study results show that each of Regression & ANN models had reduced minimum Ra in very similar value by 0.987. This similarity reflects the promise approach of this study in predicting Ra in AL-7075 milling, unlike previous studies that either the regression or the Artificial intelligence method was the dominant in results.
Building Career Capital: Helping Workers to Enhance Career Mobility in Uncertain Times
Authors: Brow Cathy , Wond Tracey
Published: March 2022

There is evidence that organisational career role holders are changing roles more frequently. Despite this, career theories such as the career capital lens have so far neglected this role transition context. By adopting the lens of career capital theory specifically, this paper explores what aspects of career capital role holders need to facilitate their own voluntary, sideward or upward role transitions. Drawing upon an interpretivist approach and using event-based narrative interviews, this study explores the experiences of 36 business leaders who have undertaken a recent role transition within a large UK construction business. By applying this novel career capital lens, the paper empirically characterises those aspects of career capital important to internal role transitions and compares it to existing mainstream career capital theory. The study is original in that career capital has not been applied before in this increasingly important transition context. Surprisingly, whilst the study demonstrates that career capital eases transitions, it also recognises a ‘dark side’ – career capital aspects that hinder internal movement.
Deixis and Speech Acts of a Poem by Ali Ahmad Bakatsir on Drama Script Entitled “Audatul Firdaus”
Authors: Ahmad Maftuh , Susanti Rina
Published: March 2022

This article aims to describe the type of deixis and speech acts, as pragmatics studies aspects, found in a poem by Ali Ahmad Bakatsir, an Indonesian-born poet, on drama script entitled “Audatul Firdaus”. Audatul Bakatsir tells about Indonesian Independence which was as the result of Indonesian people’s fight not as the colonialists’ gift. This research is a library research with qualitative method. The results shows that there are five types of deixis and six types of speech acts. The former one consists of persona, space, time, discourse, and social. Moreover, the later one include locutionary, perlocutionary, illocutionary, assertive, expressive, and commissive.
Illocutionary Speech Acts and Moral Values on “Jihadul Muhibbin”: A Pragmatics Study
Authors: Arifin Machmudatul
Published: March 2022

This research aims to describe the forms of illocutionary speech acts on a novel entitled Jihadul Muhibbin and to explain the moral values on it. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by doing some steps including taking notes of utterances in the novel and classifying the forms of illocutionary speech acts based on Searle's theory (1969). Searle divides illocutionary speech acts into five types including representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. In addition, the researcher also tries to identify what moral values are contained in the novel Jihadul Muhibbin. The results showed that the forms of illocutionary speech acts contained in the novel Jihadul Muhibbin have various types including representative (88 occurrences), Commissive (4 occurrences), directive (51 occurrences), expressive (6 occurrences), and declarative (9 occurrences). Furthermore, the moral values contained in the novel Jihadul Muhibbin there are two types including good moral values and bad moral values.
The Degree of Availability of Services Provided to Students with Disabilities at the Hashemite University
Authors: Younis Najati Ahmad Hasan
Published: March 2022

The present study aimed to identify the degree of availability of services provided to students with disabilities at the Hashemite University. The study sample consisted of (68) students with disabilities at the university. To achieve the objectives of the study, it adopted the descriptive survey method where the researchers, developed a scale of the degree of availability of services provided to students with disabilities. The final version of the scale consisted of (92) items classified into nine domains. The researcher extracted the psychometric properties of the scale and found that it had appropriate validity and reliability coefficients. The results indicated that the arithmetic averages for the Hashemite University's total services ranged between medium and high, where services related to activities and events ranked first with the highest average, while social services and psychological support were ranked last. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences due to the gender impact. The results also indicated statistically significant differences due to the impact of the type of disability on the degree of availability of services provided to students with both physical, and audio disabilities. This difference was equally seen in several other services such as academic services, social services and psychological support services and medical, financial and economic services as well. The study came up with a set of recommendations.
The Necessity of Development and Manufacturing of Dedicated Brain PET Scanners
Authors: Sheikhzadeh Peyman , Ay Mohammadreza
Published: March 2022

The article's abstract is not available.
Pharmacological Effects on Brain Morphology and Cognitive Functions in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy
Authors: Akhlaghi Zhamak , Zamani Jafar , Ashayeri Hassan , Batouli Seyed Amir Hossein , Cheraghmakani Hamed , Abdi Roohollah , Nazem-Zadeh Mohammad-Reza
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Sodium Valproate (VPA) is one of the first-generation Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) which mediates epileptic activities by releasing stimulators of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and is greatly used to treat partial and generalized seizures. Lamotrigine )LTG( is commonly used as AEDs that are widely utilized in first-line monotherapy or in combination with other AEDs. Our specific goal was to compare these two AEDs with different molecular mechanisms on both cortical and subcortical brain structures, along with cognitive performance and dysfunctions.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study comparing LTG with sodium VPA, both administrated as monotherapy. Twenty patients with a confirmed generalized-epilepsy tonic-clonic seizure who had been treated at least 6 months with LTG (n=8) and Sodium VPA (n=12) were retrospectively recruited. We also included 12 age, gender, and education-matched Healthy Controls (HC). We evaluated cognitive performances. All participants underwent a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner and T1-weighted MR images were acquired. Voxel-based morphometric alterations in the brain cortex, as well as subcortical structures, were inspected using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software.
Results: The cognitive performance was revealed inferior in patients on Sodium VPA. Poor performance was associated with significant volume reduction in insula bilaterally, and subcortical structures of thalamus, cerebellum, and hippocampus compared to the HC. Comparing patients on LTG to HC revealed significant volume reduction in the anterior cingulate cortex in concordance with slight cognitive dysfunctions.
Conclusion: These findings suggested that different molecular mechanisms of Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) may affect brain structures and cognition with different severity levels, presumably with more adverse effects induced by GABA mediations from sodium VPA.
Integrated Poser+MATLAB Environment to Enhance Virtual Reality Toolbox Capabilities for Bio-System 3D Animations
Authors: Rahatabad Fereidoun Nowshiravan , Mortazavi Seyyed Kasra
Published: March 2022

Purpose: Although MATLAB is a powerful math program, its virtual reality (VR) toolbox is limited for those who engage in the modelling of human body systems. The integration of Poser software with MATLAB is provided in this study for designing and developing human bodies in VR.
Materials and Methods: First, a human entire body model was created in the Poser environment. The prototype is then loaded into MATLAB Simulink.
Results: Two-Link Arm powered by Six Muscles (TLASM), a well-known model of human arm movements in the horizontal plane, is simulated to test the efficiency of the virtual model. TLASM was presented in this team's prior work.
Conclusion: Despite the fact that only one limb of the human virtual platform body has been tested, it can easily be applied to other limbs.
A Review of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Characterization of Breast Cancers
Authors: Alviri Mohammad Reza , Fathi Kazerooni Anahita , Koopaee Soheila , Saligheh Rad Hamidreza , Gity Masoumeh
Published: March 2022

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) has widely been used as a part of breast MRI protocols throughout the world, providing valuable information about breast tissue structures. This method has the potential to improve the characterization of benign and malignant breast lesions thereby guiding treatment decisions. DMRI as a non-contrast approach has certain benefits in comparison with the Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) method. Particularly, dMRI does not need intravenous contrast, which makes the imaging process faster and easier. Although there are still concerns about dMRI images quality, advances in the acquisition methods seem to be promising. More advanced dMRI strategies, such as Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), not only improve diagnosis accuracy, but also present new information about tissue perfusion. This review will present an overview of dMRI in the characterization of breast cancers.
Comparison of the Success Rate of Filled and Unfilled Resin- Based Fissure Sealants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bagheri Elmira , Sarraf Shirazi Alireza , Shekofteh Kiana
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Incorporation of fillers might improve the physical properties of sealants. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the retention and caries development rate of filled and unfilled fissure sealants.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched until October 24, 2019. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed for the included studies based on the Cochrane collaboration common scheme for bias, and the meta-analysis was performed through a random effects model.

Results: The search resulted in 6,336 unrepeated relevant studies. After the title, abstract and full-text screening, 19 studies with 26 comparing groups were finally included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. According to the included studies, both retention rate and caries development in filled and unfilled resin-based sealants did not significantly differ within 2 years of follow-up.

Conclusion: Since there was no significant difference in the retention rate and caries development between filled and unfilled sealants, it seems that the final decision should be made uniquely for each patient according to the type of fissure, patient’s age, habits, etc.
Psychometric Properties of a New Questionnaire Assessing the Mothers’ Knowledge and Perception About the Oral Health of Their School Children
Authors: Momeni Zahra , Sargeran Katayoun , Yazdani Reza , Shahbazi Sighaldeh Shirin
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument in Persian to assess the mothers’ knowledge, and perception about oral health of school children.
Materials and Methods: A sequential exploratory mixed method design consisting of qualitative and quantitative phases was performed. We developed the questionnaire by inductive-deductive method, through a synthesis of literature review and a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Face and content validity of the items were assessed by consulting a panel of 11 experts. In the quantitative phase, an exploratory factor analysis was performed using data from a cross-sectional study with a sample of 303 mothers. Reliability analysis with test-retest approach and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was done.
Results: Pre-final version of the scale consisted of 120 items extracted from the qualitative study and literature review. After content and face validity, 92 items were chosen with the greatest agreement between experts, with a content validity index (CVI) >0.8 and content validity ratio (CVR) of 0.59. The final questionnaire covered 62 items. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 and it ranged from 0.87 to 0.97 for the subscales. The ICC ranged from 0.91 to 0.98 (Cronbach's alpha ≥0.70).
Conclusion: The present study introduced a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessment of the mothers’ perception regarding school children’s oral health. It can be used as a standardized measure for public health surveillance and evaluation of oral health promotion programs.
The Relationship between Schoolbag Carriage with Musculoskeletal Pain and Posture in Iranian Students: A Systematic Review Study
Authors: Sheikhhoseini Rahman , Sayyadi Parisa , Piri Hashem
Published: March 2022

Background: Students in different levels use schoolbags to carry books and other educational tools. Various studies showed that schoolbag affects musculoskeletal system and posture in children and adolescents. This systematic review study aimed to examine the relationship between schoolbag characteristics with musculoskeletal pain syndromes and posture in Iranian students.
Methods: The search strategy was run in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Magiran, and SID databases. The Persian or Englishwritten original papers that were published in peer-reviewed journals were selected without any time limit. The eligible studies were classified based on pain location and postural alignment.
Results: A total number of 2426 records were found in the databases. Thirteen studies were eligible for this study. The results showed that musculoskeletal disorders and postural abnormalities had a relatively high prevalence among Iranian students, and their prevalence was significantly higher in girls. Generally, it seems that carrying a schoolbag, carrying time, type of bag, and weight have a significant effect on the low back, wrist, shoulder, upper back, and neck pain. However, the carrying time and relative weight of the bag have a significant effect on thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, and forward head posture.
Conclusion: The factors such as weight of bag or backpack, carrying time, unilateral bag carrying, female gender, location of the schoolbag, and walking to school with a bag can affect musculoskeletal pain and posture in Iranian students.