bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low Frequency Operation and dsPIC Micro-controller Implementation for Multilevel Quasi Z Source Inverter in Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Ahmad Salman , Uddin Rahim , Ganie Zahoor Ahmad , Anees Ahmed Sharique , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi
Published: April 2022

In this paper implementation of a micro-controller based pulse width modulation for multilevel quasi Z source inverter (qZSI) is presented. First implementation of component design of qZSI is taken into consideration with continuous and discontinuous operation mode. In this paper operation of multilevel qZSI with low switching frequency is presented. After this detailed modelling for qZSI is established for implementing of PIC microcontroller (PIC 16F877A) to generate the switching signals. Development ofa five-level quasi z-source inverter prototype is done and by proper adjustment of the shoot through (ST) switching state and non-shoot through (NST) switching state the control signal to the gate drivers is applied. Effective implementation of the proposed scheme is shown by the hardware result.
Power Management, Control and Optimization of Photovoltaic/Battery/Fuel Cell/Stored Hydrogen-Based Microgrid for Critical Hospital Loads
Authors: Iqbal Sheikh Javed , Mohammad Sheikh Suhail
Published: April 2022

Renewable-energy-based DC microgrids are acting as a possible replacement for the diesel-generator-based stand-alone power systems for critical loads as they are environment friendly, efficient and reliable. Research attention is required on optimization and effective power management of DC microgrids to address power failures and affordability issues. This paper performs optimization and proposes a power management strategy for a DC microgrid consisting of Solar PV/battery/fuel cell and stored hydrogen. A suitable case study is implemented in HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) to check the feasibility of the proposed system configuration for the remote location of North India (74.75∘ E and 34.05∘ N). The HOMER is used to evaluate the best system configuration in size and cost per unit of energy. A custom-based power management algorithm is suggested to enhance the proposed microgrid topology scope for any given site. The custom-based power management algorithm helps in effectively sharing the critical load demand among the various renewable power sources, considering the various parameters like battery state-of-charge (SOC) and availability of solar photovoltaic power. Time-domain simulations are performed to check the proposed custom-based power management algorithm’s microgrid response and effectiveness considering random solar irradiance profile and various operating modes. It is assumed that hydrogen is available in the tank and supplied to the fuel cell at a constant flow rate for the time-domain simulations. The contribution of this work is to describe the application of renewable-energy-based DC microgrid in electrifying ventilator critical loads, where load shedding is not feasible and neither allowed. The optimization results indicate the economic feasibility with the best optimal system configuration providing electricity at $ 0.186 with a total NPC of $83103. Time-domain simulations are performed in MATLAB/Simscape software and the results indicate the technical feasibility of electrifying the ventilator loads through the proposed renewable-energy-based DC microgrids.
Psikoneuroimunologi Depresi pada Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Authors: Yuliadha Asti , Setyaningrum Rohmaningtyas Hidayah
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is heterogeneous, complex endocrine disorder with unknown etiology, affecting 4%−18% of reproductive age women and associated with reproductive, metabolic and psychological dysfunction. Along with physical disorders, many mental disorders are also associated with PCOS, about 40% of women with PCOS have depression. This literature review aims to explore how PCOS can lead to depression in term of psychoneuroimmunology aspects.

Method: Literature review was conducted through search engine from Google Scholar and Clinical Key with keywords “Polycystic ovary syndrome”, “depression”, “psychoneuroimmunology”, “distress”, and “inflammation” from 2015-2020.

Result: The important role of the HPG axis in the pathophysiology of mood disorder has concluded that high comorbidity between depression and PCOS are caused by hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance mediated by low grade chronic inflammation. The activation of HPA by stress exerts an inhibitory effect on the female reproductive system. CRH can inhibit GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus. The anti-reproductive action of CRH in the ovaries of women with high psychosocial stress lead to early ovarian failure. In addition, the pathophysiology of depression and mental stress in PCOS is associated with various changes including high activity of pro-inflammation markers and the body's immune system during stress, it has also been linked to increased cortisol levels, increased sympathetic activity and decreased serotonin levels in the central nervous system.

Result: There’s close relationship between PCOS and depression in terms of psychoneuroimmunology aspects, by HPG axis role. Comprehensive management of depression is improving outcome strategy in women with PCOS by involving CLP.

Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Depression, Psychoneuroimmunology, HPG axis
Potency of Various MicroRNA as Sputum Biomarker in Lung Cancer
Authors: Alnaz Ahmad Razi Maulana , Abdillah Aqyl Hanif , Ridha Rasyid
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Lung cancer is one the deadliest cancer known. Current method using low-dose CT scan to screen lung cancer applied are proved to reduce mortality, but lack in accuracy leading to overdiagnosis. Current researches are mostly seeking for a non-invasive and cost-effective method, hence biomarkers such as microRNA has a potency to screen and diagnose lung cancer. This literature review aimed to discuss the potency of microRNA in sputum as a biomarker in screening lung cancer.

Methods: The study is conducted by literature searching for related journals in search engines such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar with keywords. 35 articles were included with relevance and within 10 years publication.

Result: MicroRNA is a short non-coding RNA which regulates gene expression. It acts in an oncogene or tumor suppressor gene regulation. DNA mutations or defects occurred in cancer particularly in lung cancer causes increase or decrease of microRNA expression. Alterations of microRNA expression in sputum detected by rt-PCR may represent progressions of lung cancer from a cell cycle dysregulation and provides better sensitivity and specificity among other biomarkers. Combinations of miRNA species offer increase of  sensitivity and specificity. Particular types of microRNA are able to classify the types of lung cancer in progress.

Conclusion: MicroRNA has the promising potency and strong accuracy with a non-invasive and cost-effective procedure in detecting early signs of lung cancer occurrence and can be further applied as biomarker used in lung cancer.

Keywords: Biomarker; Lung Cancer; microRNA; Screening; Sputum
Flora da Bahia – Droseraceae Salisb.
Authors: Silva Tânia Regina da
Published: April 2022

The present study is part of the project “Flora of Bahia”. Droseraceae is represented in Bahia state by the genus Drosera, with five species: Drosera chrysolepis Taub. D. communis A.St.-Hil., D. intermedia Dreves & Hayne, D. montana A.St.-Hil., D. sessilifolia A.St.-Hil. Description and illustrations, as well as comments on geographic distribution, phenology and the variability of the species are presented.
Composição florística e aspectos estruturais do estrato arbustivo-arbóreo de um trecho de Floresta Atlântica no médio vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Souza Gilson Roberto de , Peixoto Ariane Luna , Faria Maurício Jorge Bueno , Zaú André Scarambone
Published: April 2022

The ARIE Floresta da Cicuta, with 131 ha, located between Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira (22º33’2"S, 44º05’00"W), at 400–450 m high. The climate is medium-termal (Cwa of Köppen), with an average temperature of 24ºC in February and 17ºC in July, and an average rainfall of 1.370 mm per year. A floristic survey was proceeded using plots of 10 m x 10 m (n=30) comprising 0.3 ha, in the forest interior. 968 individuals were sampled, with DBH e” 2.5 cm, distributed in 46 families, 113 genus and 184 species or morphoespecies. The richest families in species numbers were Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Lauraceae and Euphorbiaceae. Most abundant populations’ species were Actinostemon communis, Senefeldera multiflora, Maprounea guianensis, Moldenhawera polysperma and Astrocaryum aculeatissimum. Euphorbiaceae was the family that accounts for the largest specimen contingent (48.4%). A. communis accounts for 28.7% of specimens found in the area. Species represented by only one specimen was 41.3%. Cicuta forest represents an important and high biodiverse (H’ = 3.66 nats.ind.-1) remnant of Atlantic Forest and the effective protection of this remnant, is essential for its conservation.
Some coprophilous Psilocybe (Strophariaceae) from Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil
Authors: Wartchow Felipe , Carvalho Aline S. , Sousa Maria C. A. , Cortez Vagner G.
Published: April 2022

Coprophilous species Psilocybe argentina, P. pegleriana and P. cubensis are reported for the first time for Northeast Brazil. The last one is a hallucinogenic mushroom. Descriptions, discussions and drawings of the species are provided.
Mixobiota corticícola em Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae)
Authors: Bezerra Andrea Carla Caldas , Cavalcanti Laise de Holanda
Published: April 2022

Studies were carried out on the corticolous myxobiota of Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae) found under different environmental conditions in Olinda and Recife counties, in Pernambuco State, Brazil. Out of total of 237 specimens (field and moist-chamber) ten species belonging to five families and six genera were identified: Licea castanea G. Lister, L. denudescens H.W. Keller & T.E. Brooks, L. pedicellata (H.C. Gilbert) H.C. Gilbert (Liceaceae); Cribraria violacea Rex (Cribrariaceae); Perichaena chrysosperma (Curr.) Lister, P. depressa Libert, P. vermicularis (Schwein.) Rostaf. (Trichiaceae); Physarum auriscalpium Cooke, P. crateriforme Petch. (Physaraceae); Diderma aff. chondrioderma (de Bary & Rostaf.) G. Lister (Didymiaceae). Results suggest that the myxomycete community composition among the two studied areas were similar (CC=0.88). Descriptions, comments and geographical distribution in Brazil of each species are presented.
Lactocollybia aurantiaca Singer (Tricholomataceae, Basidiomycota): first record from Brazil
Authors: Putzke Jair
Published: April 2022

This work is part of the taxonomic study of the Tricholomataceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Lactocollybia aurantiaca Singer is recorded for the first time from Brazil based on a collection done in Rio Grande do Sul. Descriptions and illustrations of this species are presented.
Listagem preliminar de Boletales do Brasil e notas sobre espécies de Boletales do Herbário do Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
Authors: Neves Maria Alice , Capelari Marina
Published: April 2022

Using literature records, we list 70 species of Boletales previously collected in Brazil. Sixty percent of these collections were made either by Rick in Southern Brazil or by Singer in various localities in the country. Nine species are deposited only at herbaria abroad. Collections housed in São Paulo include specimens that have barely been studied, being some are in poor condition. A preliminary checklist of Boletales represented in Sao Paulo includes the genera Boletinellus, Gyrodon, Gyroporus, Paxillus, Rhizopogon, Suillus, and Xerocomus, with a total of 11 species. A new record, Paxillus atrotomentosus, is first cited for Brazil.
Ocorrência de Cryptococcus neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin (1901) em excretas de pombos no perímetro urbano de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Santana Lílian S. , Costa Misael S. Ferreira , Queiroz Lusinete A. de
Published: April 2022

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast, cosmopolitan, agent of human cryptococcosis. Two varieties of C. neoformans have traditionally been recognized: C. neoformans var. neoformans is the opportunistic agent of cryptococcosis in immunodepressed hosts, and C. neoformans var. gattii causes cryptococcosis in apparently healthy hosts in tropical and subtropical regions and behaves as a true pathogen. The major environmental sources of C. neoformans have been shown to be either soil contaminated with pigeon droppings (var. neoformans) or eucalyptus trees and decaying wood forming hollows in living trees (var. gattii). The present work aims to verify the presence of C. neoformans in pigeon droppings in squares, plazas and avenues in the city of Salvador-Ba; to characterize isolated with regard to the main factors of virulence in vitro - thermotolerance at 37ºC, capsule and urease, and biotyping. For this study 16 samples of pigeon droppings were collected in duplicates in eight localities and analyzed. Suspensions of the samples were sown in three ways, agar malt, Sabouraud agar and Niger seed agar, and maintained at 27ºC. Results demonstrated that in the pigeon droppings of 50% of the studied localities presented C. neoformans proven by morphophysiological tests. Through the biotyping, all the isolated ones proved to belong to var. neoformans. This result suggests that pigeon dropping is a potential source of C. neoformans.
Novos registros de Geastraceae Corda para o Nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Leite Anileide G. , Baseia Iuri Goulart
Published: April 2022

The present study deals with the occurrence of  Geastraceae from Atlantic Rainforest and Caatinga biomes in the region encompassed by the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Pernambuco. Four species have been identified: Geastrum saccatum, G. schweinitzii, G. triplex and Myriostoma coliforme, all of them representing new records from Rio Grande do Norte. The material collected was added to the herbarium URM and UFRN-fungi. Descriptions of macro and microscopic features are given, including taxonomic and ecological comments.
Flora da Bahia: Priva Adans. – Verbenaceae
Authors: Lima Águida de Barros , França Flávio
Published: April 2022

The genus Priva is an important representative of the Flora of Bahia. It is very common in anthropic areas. Historically, only one species has been recognized for the state (P. bahiensis). However, another species (P. lappulacea) was found among the studied materials at Bahian herbaria, which differ from the first one based on fruit morphology. This paper presents both the descriptions and illustrations of these species.
Vegetação em afloramentos rochosos na Serra do Sincorá, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Neves Sâmia Paula Santos , Conceição Abel Augusto
Published: April 2022

The Chapada Diamantina, which represents the northern portion of the Espinhaço Range, is characterized by a mosaic of caatinga and cerrado vegetation, diverse forests types, and principally “campos rupestres”. Its flora is rich in characteristic species, including many endemics. Vegetation of the Chapada Diamantina has been heavily altered by several anthropogenic factors making its conservation urgent. This work was designed to aid in the elaboration of a management plan for the Chapada Diamantina National Park. It deals with the floristic composition and structural aspects of vegetation growing on rock outcrops situated between 400-500 m a.s.l. Four areas (12º35’S and 41º23’W) with a high proportion of exposed rock surface were chosen for detailed examination, and four 10 x 10 m plots were randomly selected for floristic sampling in each of these exposed areas. Each of the four 10 x 10 m plots was further subdivided into 25 2 x 2 m subplots in order to estimate species coverage. We found 57 species of vascular plants distributed among 27 families, including eight monocotyledons, 18 eudicotyledons and one monilophyte. Although the eudicotyledons had the highest numbers of species, the monocotyledons demonstrated the highest coverage. The most abundant species was Vellozia punctulata Seub., which mainly occurred in dense stands. The rock outcrops studied demonstrate similarities with the “campos rupestres”, in terms of the richest families, the most abundant species, and life forms (hemicryptophytes, nanophanerophytes and chamaephytes). Similarity analysis between the 10 x 10 m plots demonstrated groups related to the numbers of species present.
Perfil de produtores de hortaliças em Vitória da Conquista-BA relacionado à adoção de práticas da conservação on farm
Authors: Alves Josineto de Souza , Silva Sandro do Nascimento , Oliveira Sandra P. de , Almeida Obertal da Silva , Ribeiro Generosa S. , Amaral Cláudio Lúcio F. , Pires Aureliano José Vieira
Published: April 2022

The aim of this work was to verify the profile of vegetables producers in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista-BA in relation to on farm conservation practices. Open-ended interviews were carried out based on a questionnaire of 22 questions. A random sampling of 50 people was used in two different points of the city. Questionnaires dealt with genre, culture variety, equipment, culture location, and seed conservation. The results obtained indicate that such an agricultural activity, carried out in an artisanal way, is predominantly executed by men who work at the same place where they live. They give some value to their products by means of hygienization, and they obtain better quality varieties. Only a few producers use chemical defensives. There are also change and conservation of seeds in the places, what contributes to the increase of the genetic diversity among the populations. The use of many crops evidences the conservation on farm in the municipal district.
Distribuição e alimentação de jovens de Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii, Albulidae) na margem oeste da Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Santos Edjane Pereira dos , Santos Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara
Published: April 2022

The bonefish Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758), a resident species of the shallows of bays, estuaries and coastal lagoons was studied during two annual cycles (June 1997 to May 1999), using beach seines, in the West margin of the Todos os Santos Bay aiming at assessing spatial and temporal distribution, and diet of the young of this species. Gut contents were analyzed by Volumetric and Frequency of Occurrence methods combined in Alimentary Importance Index (IAi) in order to verify the importance of each food item. The highest seasonal abundance was recorded in winter related to recruitment in this period of the year, with significant differences being found. The highest spatial abundance was recorded in Bom Jesus, site located in the outer bay. Young of the A. vulpes showed a carnivorous habit, feeding on crustaceans, annelids and organic matter in decreasing order of importance.
Variabilidade genética em cervídeos do gênero Mazama baseada no polimorfismo da transferrina, albumina sérica e hemoglobina
Authors: Garcia José Eduardo , Ramos Paulo Roberto R. , Bortolozzi Jehud , Duarte José Maurício B.
Published: April 2022

The genus Mazama is currently represented in Brazil by five species: M. nana, M. americana, M. gouazoubira, M. bororo, and M. nemorivaga. The objective of the present study was to determine the electrophoretic characteristics of transferrin, serum albumin, and hemoglobin in the genus Mazama in order to evaluate the polymorphism among different species in Brazil. Blood samples from 138 animals, kept in captivity and with a known origin in nature and coming from all regions of the country, were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Variability for the transferrin locus ranged from monomorphism in M. nana and M. bororo to six different electromorphs in M. gouazoubira. Monomorphism was found at the serum albumin locus but two alleles were observed in M. gouazoubira. Hemoglobin presented three phenotypes but no significant differences in gene frequencies were observed.
Conhecimento local dos moradores das comunidades pantaneiras de São Pedro de Joselândia e Barra do Piraim (Mato Grosso, Brasil) sobre a avifauna pantaneira
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Samuel Borges de , Sato Michèle
Published: April 2022

Local communities posses vast knowledge on the environment in which they live. Knowledge is passed from generation to generation and contributes for the development of their culture, being able to be used in the construction of alternatives for conservation and management of the local natural resources. When conservation areas are created, human settlements are generally considered inadequate to remain in the environments where they have been living, which contributes for the loss of local knowledge. This article aims at reviewing the importance of this knowledge by investigating the inhabitants’ perception of two Pantanal communities, São Pedro de Joselândia and Barra do Piraim (Mato Grosso State) in what concerns the birds of the region. Data were obtained by means of open-ended interviews and participant observation carried out with 29 individuals. Results show that traditional knowledge on birds is coherent with the academic knowledge. It is important to record and to conserve this set of local knowledge, since it has direct implications in the management and conservation of the Pantanal bird species.
Conhecimento de pescadores artesanais sobre a composição da avifauna em estuários paraibanos: uma contribuição para a conservação
Authors: Araujo Helder Farias Pereira de , Nishida Alberto Kioharu
Published: April 2022

Studies on animal diversity and ecology provide practical information necessary for the conservation and management of ecosystems, and can indicate contamination pathways as well as environmental transformations. However, avifauna studies in such endangered environments as mangroves are not very common. In an ethnoornithological context, this work has evaluated the knowledge of the local population in relation to the composition of avifauna in estuaries of Paraíba River and Mamanguape River, in state of Paraíba. Ethnobiological methods, together with estimative of species richness methods and comparisons with similarity tests, were used to demonstrate how the avifauna recorded for area was known by local population. Informers have mentioned 94 species of birds. Coefficients of Jaccard and Sorensen, with values of 0.617 and 0.763 respectively, demonstrate a considerable similarity between the composition of the avifauna known by the local population and the one recorded. Distribution of the knowledge was evaluated in relation to the communities’ social aspects. The results and methodology employed have expressed contributions and discussions about practical evaluations for  conservation.
Uso y manejo de las cactáceas en la Reserva de la Biosfera Barranca de Metztitlán, Hidalgo, México
Authors: Jiménez Adriana Fuentes , Sierra Cecilia L. Jiménez
Published: April 2022

This present study was carried out in order to know the importance and use of cactaceous in the semi-arid zone of the Meztitlan Ravine Biosphere Reserve. The region under study compassed the municipalities of Metztitlán, Metzquititlán and Eloxochitlán where xerophile scrub dominates. The study was carried out by the use of interviews. Sixty interviews were applied and 27 towns were visited. A total of 36 (51.4%) species of cactaceous was recorded of the 70 reported ones in the Reserve. These 36 species are wild but 11 (24% of the total) also is cultivated in the patios of the houses. Out of these species, 14 (28%) are used for serveral purposes. This study includes four new records for the state of Hidalgo: Opuntia auberi Pfeiff., O. dillenii (Ker-Gawl.) Haw., O. joconostle F.A.C. Weber ex- Diguet and Acanthocereus pentagonus Line. A total of eight uses was registered in the interviews: sweet, construction, medicinal, handicraft, food, forage, cosmetic and ornamental. The most frequent uses are medicinal (Myrtillocactus geometrizans), in food (M. geometrizans and Opuntia sp.), in forage (Opuntia sp. and Cylindropuntia imbricata), for handicraft (Opuntia sp., M. geometrizans and Isolatocereus dumortieri). Greenhouses located in the Reserve were also visited and interviews to the workers were carried out. Both the culture and production of cactuses is a form to use the flora and not to put it in risk in their natural environment. Around 14 cacti species from the zone have been cultivated at the greenhouses.
Pescadores artesanais do estuário do Rio Timbó, Pernambuco, Brasil: cultura, sobrevivência e imaginário
Authors: Sassi Roberto , Cabral Adilson Luiz , Costa Cristiane Francisca
Published: April 2022

Some socio-cultural aspects of the fishermen community which lives and works in the estuary of the Timbó River, Pernambuco State, Brazil were studied during 1999, aiming at understanding how the estuarine resources are exploited by fishermen and also what are their daily practices and costumes. Data were obtained through semi-structured formularies and open interviews carried out with 150 local fishermen during several visits to the area. Database included aspects of the fishery activity, ethnomedicine, additional strategies they use for survival, and also aspects of the people’s imaginary. A great diversity of fishing devices is used by the fishermen, and its majority was created by themselves. Fishing is their main means of sustenance, but additionally several fishermen also raise farm animals and farm the land. Usually their diseases are dealt with natural products obtained in the estuary and surroundings, and its imaginary oscillates between the divine beliefs and the enchantment represented by a great amount of folk entities. These data could be useful for conservation purposes of the goods and services of this ecosystem and its biodiversity. They are also important for the perpetuation of proper local socio-cultural values, which are nowadays under strong pressure by several exogenous components.
Comunidade planctônica presente no fitotelmata de bromélias (Bromeliaceae) em ambiente urbano de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Silva Márcio Borba da , Ribeiro Maria José Rocha , Costa Paulo Tadeu Silva
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a checklist on the planktonic community found in bromeliads of gardens in the urban zone of Feira de Santana, with emphasis on the protists, thus diminishing the lack of taxonomic study about this community. The checklist was based on collections in the tank bromeliads (Vriesea sp. and Aechmea sp.) from four urbane areas of Feira de Santana, which had the stored water analysed in laboratory. Protists belonging to the Phylum Ciliophora (Chilodon sp., Colpoda sp., Euplotes sp., Loxodes sp., Oxytricha sp., Paramecium sp., Stylonychia sp., and Uronema sp.), to the subphylum Sarcodina (Arcella sp. and Difflugia sp.) and the subphylum Mastigophora (Astasia sp., Euglena sp., Peranema sp., Cryptomonas sp., Phacus sp., and Enthosiphon sp.), as well as Nematoda, Anellida (Oligochaeta) and microcrustacean (Ostracoda and Cladocera) were found. This survey illustrates the great aquatic diversity of organisms in this peculiar habitat, thus evidencing the importance for conservation and maintenance of these planktonic species.
Distribuição de tradições e estilos de pinturas rupestres – uma análise preliminar comparativa entre os sítios do Complexo da Chapada Diamantina e a Depressão Sertaneja Meridional do Bioma Caatinga
Authors: Kachimareck Claudia Cunha
Published: April 2022

The ecoregions of the Complex of Chapada Diamantina and Depressão Sertaneja Meridional of the Caatinga Biome present a remarkable stylistic variety as well as evident differences between one region and the other in terms of rock art production. This article presents the results of first hand comparative observations of 122 rock art sites in both regions. Those were carried out between 1999 and 2006. A new style of rock art limited to the Complex of Chapada Diamantina is also introduced: Aquitã style.
Linewidth considerations for MEMS tunable VCSEL LiDAR
Authors: Johnson Bart , Jabbour Joey , Malonson Mark , Mallon Ed , Woo Seungbum , Ford Tim , Kemp Nate , Whitney Peter
Published: April 2022

The flexible membranes used in MEMS tunable VCSELs are so small and light that thermally induced vibrations can impact laser performance. We measure the thermal vibration spectrum of such a membrane showing peaks at the spatial vibration mode resonant frequencies of the membrane/plate. These vibrations result in a theoretical floor to the linewidth of the VCSEL. Frequency domain LiDAR and optical coherence tomography systems can get around this thermal linewidth limit with adequate clock measurement and processing. Essentially an OCT/LiDAR sweep with a concomitantly measured clock is a feed-forward linewidth reduction scheme. This can be achieved because the membrane resonances are relatively low frequency. LiDAR ranging out to 9 meters has been demonstrated with a resolution of 13 μm, close to the transform limit for the 70 nm sampling range.
A New Era of Video Transmission Using Open Transport System: Challenges in 2020 Sporting Events
Authors: Shirai Daisuke
Published: April 2022

We developed new ultra-low-latency uncompressed video transmission technology using open transport system. The Real-time Remote-cheering Project was successfully implemented using this system by connecting the marathon course in Sapporo with the cheering venue in Tokyo.
Variable Focus Lens-Based Beam Steering and Divergence Control for WDM Free-Space Optical Communication
Authors: Mai Vuong , Kim Hoon
Published: April 2022

We investigate through experiments the wavelength dependence of optical beam steering and divergence control technique realized by variable focus lenses (VFLs). We also transmit 4×10-Gb/s signals over a 104-m free-space link using the VFL-based system.
Actively Steerable Integrated Optical Phased Array (OPA) for Optical Wireless Communication (OWC)
Authors: Kuo Pin-Cheng , Kuo Sheng-I , Wang Ju-Wei , Jian Yin-He , Ahmad Zohauddin , Fu Po-Han , Chang You-Chia , Shi Jin-Wei , Huang Ding-Wei , Liu Yang , Yeh Chien-Hung , Chow Chi-Wai
Published: April 2022

We propose and demonstrate an actively-controlled optical-beam-steering optical-wireless-communication (OWC) system using an integrated optical-phased-array (OPA). We numerically and experimentally evaluate field-of-view (FOV), beam divergence angle and bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the emitted optical signal.
Demonstration of thin-film lithium niobate high-bandwidth coherent driver modulator
Authors: Makino Shuntaro , Takeuchi Shintaro , Maruyama Shinji , Doi Masaharu , Ohmori Yasuhiro , Kubota Yoshinobu
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the performance of a high-bandwidth coherent driver modulator device, based on thin-film lithium niobate DP-IQ MZI modulators with excellent DC drift characteristics making it suitable for commercial applications.
Development of Low-power Coherent ASIC
Authors: Puttegowda Kiran , Lutkemeyer Christian , Serrano Elvio , Morero Damian , Kota Kishore
Published: April 2022

The latest generation of coherent pluggable modules impose strict power limits on the coherent ASIC. The development process for a low-power coherent ASIC designed in a 7nm FINFET process is described. The ASIC enables pluggable coherent modules with energy efficiency of 40-60pJ/bit for various 400G DWDM applications.
Fast optical frequency detection techniques for coherent distributed sensing and communication systems
Authors: Yao X. Steve , Ma Xiaosong , Feng Ting
Published: April 2022

We present techniques for detecting fast optical frequency variations with high spectral resolution for coherent detection based distributed sensing and communication systems, for which conventional spectral measurement techniques cannot meet the speed and spectral resolution requirements.
Method of Estimating Inter-Core Crosstalk for Constructing Uncoupled Multi-Core Fiber Transmission Line
Authors: Nakamura Atsushi , Oda Tomokazu , Koshikiya Yusuke
Published: April 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method based on optical time domain reflectometry for evaluating splices in terms of ensuring the total end-to-end inter-core crosstalk of transmission lines consisting of uncoupled multi-core fibers.
Simultaneously Measuring Group Delays, Chromatic Dispersion and Skews of Multicore Fibers Using a Frequency Domain Method
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Kangmei , Hurley Jason , Li Ming-Jun
Published: April 2022

A frequency domain method is proposed to measure group delays, chromatic dispersion and skews of multicore fibers. We present detailed studies through measuring a 2×2 multicore fiber which agree well with the time domain method.
Wideband Impulse Response Measurement of Coupled 2-Core Fibers of Various Lengths employing Dual-Comb Coherent Sampling
Authors: Uyama Masafumi , Uno Masaki , Okamura Shuki , Zhang Chao , Ito Fumihiko , Nakamura Atsushi , Okamoto Tatsuya , Koshikiya Yusuke
Published: April 2022

Transmission length dependency of complex impulse responses of coupled 2-core fibers are investigated using coherent sampling with picosecond time resolution over 20-nm bandwidth. Spectrally decomposed analysis is accomplished to observe the statistical nature.
Real-time In-field Automatic Bias Control and Self-calibration Module for High-baud Coherent Driver Modulator
Authors: Li Hongyu , Yang Yu , Wang Yuanxiang , Cheng Mengfan , Yang Qi , Tang Ming , Liu Deming , Deng Lei
Published: April 2022

We report a real-time in-field low-cost module that can simultaneously realize self-calibration and automatic-bias-control for coherent driver modulators. Precise frequency-response (<0.5dB) and IQ skew (<0.2ps) correction are achieved in experiments of 25/20GBaud 16/64QAM signal transmissions.
Optical Content Addressable Memory Matchline and RAM table Encoding/Decoding using an integrated CAM cell
Authors: Moschos T. , Simos S. , Pappas C. , Alexoudi T. , Vagionas C. , Pleros N.
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate for the first time an all-optical fully-integrated InP CAM cell within a complete CAM Matchline architecture with RAM table Encoding and Decoding functionalities. Error-free operation has been evaluated at 5 Gb/s.
Flexible and Transparent Optical Labelling in Coherent Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing Networks
Authors: Yang Chao , Luo Ming , He Zhixue , Xiao Xi
Published: April 2022

Multichannel 10-Kb/s optical labelling signal added on the 100-Gbit/s DP-QPSK signals is experimentally demonstrated after 600-km SSMF transmission. By down sampling and low pass filtering, we successfully recovered the multichannel labels using only one photodetector.
Light-induced Thermomagnetic Recording of Ferromagnetic Thin-film on Silicon Waveguide for Solid-State Magneto-Optical Memory
Authors: Murai Toshiya , Shoji Yuya , Mizumoto Tetsuya
Published: April 2022

We firstly demonstrate light-induced thermomagnetic recording of a ferromagnetic thin-film CoFeB placed on a silicon waveguide. The magnetization reversal is observed when light propagates in the waveguide and evanescently heats up the thin-film magnet.
Comparison of Al2O3 and HfO2 MOSCAP III-V/Si Power Splitters and (De-) Interleavers for DWDM Optical Links
Authors: Cheung Stanley , Kurczveil Geza , Hu Yingtao , Yuan Yuan , Tousson Bassem , Peng Yiwei , Fu Mingye , Liang Di , Beausoleil Raymond G.
Published: April 2022

We compare III-V/Si MZIs and (de-)interleavers using Al2O3- and HfO2-based MOSCAP structures as phase tuners. HfO2 twice as thick as Al2O3 exhibited lower VπL. We demonstrate crosstalk improvement of ring-assisted (de-)interleavers with both structures.
Microwave frequency dissemination systems as sensitive and low-cost interferometers for earthquake detection on commercially deployed fiber cables
Authors: Bogris Adonis , Simos Christos , Simos Iraklis , Nikas Thomas , Melis Nikolaos S. , Lentas Konstantinos , Mesaritakis Charis , Chochliouros Ioannis , Lessi Christina
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate a microwave frequency dissemination system operating as a sensitive interferometric sensor of seismic waves on commercially deployed fiber networks in Attika, Greece. Efficient detection of seismic waves from distant epicenters (>400km) is presented
CHAMP: Coherent Hardware-Aware Magnitude Pruning of Integrated Photonic Neural Networks
Authors: Banerjee Sanmitra , Nikdast Mahdi , Pasricha Sudeep , Chakrabarty Krishnendu
Published: April 2022

We propose a novel hardware-aware magnitude pruning technique for coherent photonic neural networks. The proposed technique can prune 99.45% of network parameters and reduce the static power consumption by 98.23% with a negligible accuracy loss.
Low-complexity and Non-iterative SSBI Decomposition and Cancellation Algorithm for SSB Direct Detection System
Authors: Wu Qi , Zhu Yixiao , Hu Weisheng
Published: April 2022

We propose a low-complexity and non-iterative SSBI cancellation algorithm operating at the Nyquist sampling rate employing SSBI decomposition followed by sqrt operation, and experimentally validate it in a 58GBaud 16-QAM transmission system with 80km reach.
200 GBd 16QAM Signals Synthesized by an Actively Phase-Stabilized Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generator (OAWG)
Authors: Henauer Thomas , Sherifaj Alban , Füllner Christoph , Freude Wolfgang , Randel Sebastian , Zwick Thomas , Koos Christian
Published: April 2022

We implement an optical arbitrary-waveform generator (OAWG) that relies on spectrally sliced signal synthesis with well-defined feedback-stabilized phase relations. We demonstrate the viability of the approach by generating high-quality 16QAM signals with record-high symbol rates of up to 200 GBd.
64-Channel WDM Transmitter based on Optical Fourier Transformation using a Portable Time Lens Assembly
Authors: Lillieholm Mads , Galili Michael , Oxenløwe Leif K. , Guan Pengyu
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate 64-WDM-channel generation with 25-GHz spacing from a single SFP+ transceiver using a portable time lens optical processor. After transmission in a 50-km unamplified link, -39.1 dBm average received power sensitivity at BER=10-3 is measured.
Simultaneously Calibration of Tx/Rx Frequency Response and IQ Skew for Coherent Optical Transceiver
Authors: Dai Longquan , Li Hongyu , Cheng Mengfan , Yang Qi , Tang Ming , Liu Deming , Deng Lei
Published: April 2022

We report a calibration method that can simultaneously characterize frequency-response and IQ-skew of coherent optical transceivers with laser frequency offset and phase noise. 50/40GBaud Nyquist-16/64QAM signals transmission is achieved using 22GHz commercial coherent optical transceiver.
Liquid Crystal Control of Plasmonic Nanoantenna Arrays
Authors: Rivas Jaime Gómez , van Heijst Erik A.P.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the active control of resonant plasmonic nanoantenna arrays. This demonstration is done with liquid crystals, surface lattice resonances and quasi-guided modes in aluminum nanoparticle arrays on top of waveguides acting as electrodes
THz Transport Technologies and Strategists Beyond 5G/6G Systems
Authors: Okazaki Hiroshi , Suzuki Yasunori , Suyama Satoshi , Asai Takahiro
Published: April 2022

Utilization of THz wave is being considered to achieve the target expected for 6th Generation Mobile Communication System (6G). The research topics and considerations how to use the bands in 6G era is addressed.
Regrowth-Free 1.3μm Directly Modulated DBR Lasers Based on Inverted Trapezoid High-Order Surface-Gratings
Authors: Sun Wei , Wei Shuangzhi , Lu Qiaoyin , Donegan John F. , Guo Weihua
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate 1.3 μm regrowth-free directly-modulated DBR lasers based on Inverted-Trapezoid high-order slotted surface-gratings. The laser fabricated by standard photolithography exhibited a threshold current ~10 mA, SMSR ~50 dB, 3-dB bandwidth ~14 GHz, and RIN<-140dB/Hz.
Demonstration of 120-GBaud 16-QAM Driver-less Coherent Transmitter with 80-km SSMF Transmission
Authors: Chen Xi , Kharel Prashanta , Raybon Greg , Che Di , Reimer Christian , Luke Kevin , Zhang Mian
Published: April 2022

We demonstrated a driver-less coherent optical transmitter enabled by a low-Vπ high-bandwidth thin-film LiNbO3 I/Q modulator. We successfully transmitted a 120-Baud 16-QAM signal with net data rate of 836.2 Gb/s over 80-km SSMF.
OSNR-Aware Digital Pre-Emphasis for High Baudrate Coherent Optical Transmissions
Authors: Le Son Thai , Cho Junho
Published: April 2022

We derive and experimentally verify an analytical expression for adaptive digital pre-emphasis in coherent optical transmission systems with severe bandwidth limitation by considering both the transmitter response and optical link OSNR.
A fibre Bragg grating sensor-based instrumented glove for virtual rehabilitation applications
Authors: Jha Chandan Kumar , Chakraborty Arup Lal
Published: April 2022

A fibre Bragg grating sensor-based instrumented glove being developed for medical applications will be demonstrated that can be used to measure finger joint angles with a resolution of 0.1°.
Demonstration of Zero-touch Device and L3-VPN Service Management using the TeraFlow Cloud-native SDN Controller
Authors: Gifre Ll. , Natalino C. , Gonzalez-Diaz S. , Soldatos F. , Barguil S. , Aslanoglou C. , Moreno-Muro F. J. , Quispe Cornelio A. N. , Cepeda L. , Martinez R. , Manso C. , Apostolopoulos V. , Valiviita S. Petteri , de Dios O. Gonzalez , Rodriguez J. , Casellas R. , Monti P. , Katsikas G. P. , Muñoz R. , Vilalta R.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate zero-touch device bootstrapping, monitoring, and L3-VPN service management using the novel TeraFlow OS SDN controller prototype. TeraFlow aims at producing a cloud-native carrier-grade SDN controller offering scalability, extensibility, high-performance, and high-availability features.
Proof-of-Concept Demonstration of Time Critical Periodic Traffic in Industry-grade Passive Optical Networks
Authors: Christodoulopoulos K. , Bidkar S. , Pfeiffer Th. , Bonk R.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a standards compliant, but enhanced XGS-PON as part of a TSN network that supports industrial (time critical and periodic) traffic with sub-microsecond jitter, maintained even with the addition of best effort traffic.
Exploration and practice of Computing Power Network (CPN) to realize convergence of computing and network
Authors: Lei Bo , Zhou Gefan
Published: April 2022

For the optimum leveraging of the distributed computing, network and storage resources in the network with edge computing, we proposed a novel network technology-Computing Power Network (CPN) for the convergence of computing and network resources.
Novel Mirror-flipped Mode Permutation Technique for Long-haul Mode-division Multiplexing Transmissions
Authors: Wang Yanze , Gao Tianyu , Liu Yaping , Xu Tao , Yu Wenbo , Yang Zhiqun , Guo Qiang , Zhou Rui , Cao Shiyi , Xiao Xinhua , Zhang Lin
Published: April 2022

We propose a mirror-flipped mode permutation scheme based on newly developed differential-mode-delay-symmetric fibers, which further suppresses modal-dispersion impact by 30% and mitigates mode-dependent-loss impact with 3.8-dB Q-factor improvement compared with the traditional permutation method in 1028-km 6-mode transmission.
Electrically pumped high power laser transmitter integrated on thin-film lithium niobate
Authors: Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Renaud Dylan , Cheng Rebecca , Shao Linbo , He Lingyan , Zhu Di , Yu Mengjie , Grant Hannah R. , Johansson Leif , Zhang Mian , Lončar Marko
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate an integrated high-power laser on thin-film lithium niobate with 60-mW of optical power in the waveguides. We use this platform to realize a high-power transmitter consisting of an electrically-pumped laser integrated with a 50-GHz modulator.
Applications of P4-based Network Programmability in Optical Networks
Authors: Cugini Filippo , Scano Davide , Giorgetti Alessio , Sgambelluri Andrea , Paolucci Francesco , Olmos Juan Jose Vegas , Castoldi Piero
Published: April 2022

This paper presents potentials and challenges of disaggregated metro-edge networking based on open packet-optical nodes encompassing coherent pluggable modules, SONiC open operating system, and P4-based packet switching programmability.
Bringing Disaggregated Telemetry and ML to the Transceiver for Autonomic Signal Adaptation
Authors: Silva M. Felipe , Pacini A. , Sgambelluri A. , Valcarenghi L. , Paolucci F.
Published: April 2022

Soft failure localization is performed at SDN transceiver agents with peer-to-peer optical telemetry and lightweight ML-based algorithm. Results on a real disaggregated testbed dataset show the effectiveness in terms of accuracy and computational complexity.
Experimental Evaluation of PAM and Polybinary Modulation for Intra-DCI Optical Lanes with up to 300 Gbit/s Net Bitrates
Authors: Borkowski Robert , Hu Qian , Lefevre Yannick , Buchali Fred , Bonk René , Schuh Karsten , Cho Junho , Leuthold Juerg , Heni Wolfgang , Baeuerle Benedikt , Hoessbacher Claudia
Published: April 2022

We experimentally test PAM and polybinary modulation in a wide range of symbol rates, as potential candidates to realize next-generation optical lanes. 306-Gbit/s bitrate is demonstrated with 140-GBd PAM-6 signal at sensitivity −17.9-dBm with EDFA-preamplifier.
Free-space Laser Communications for Small Moving Platforms (Invited Paper)
Authors: Carrasco-Casado Alberto
Published: April 2022

The Japanese National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) is currently working towards the development of a series of miniaturized space laser-communication terminals with the aim to meet the requirements of a variety of different platforms, from drones to satellites, and to be applied in a variety of different scenarios, from fixed to moving platforms, operating in a wide range of distances and conditions, and without the need of extensive customization. This paper describes NICT’s current efforts in this topic, and it introduces the prototypes that are being developed for the verification tests, which will happen in 2022.
Silica-PLC based mode-dependent-loss equalizer for two LP mode transmission
Authors: Fujisawa Takeshi , Mori Takayoshi , Sakamoto Junji , Yamashita Yoko , Sakamoto Taiji , Imada Ryota , Ima Ryoto , Sato Takanori , Watanabe Kei , Kasahara Ryoichi , Hashimoto Toshikazu , Nakajima Kazuhide , Saitoh Kunimasa
Published: April 2022

A mode-dependent-loss (MDL) equalizer based on silica-PLC is proposed for three-mode transmission and experimentally demonstrated for the first time. By selectively attenuating LP01-mode, 1.5-dB MDL equalization is demonstrated for the setup with large LP11-mode loss.
Surface-Normal Stokes Vector Receiver based on Superimposed Metasurface
Authors: Soma Go , Nomoto Yoshiro , Nakano Yoshiaki , Tanemura Takuo
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate normal-incident Stokes vector receiver with superimposed metasurfaces to realize sorting and focusing in three different polarization bases. By using the fabricated metasurface with Si nanopost array, we successfully retrieve arbitrary state of polarization.
Localization of Reflection Induced Multi-Path-Interference Over Multi-Span Transmission Link by Receiver-side Digital Signal Processing
Authors: Hahn Choloong , Chang Junho , Jiang Zhiping
Published: April 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a localization method of reflection induced multi-path-interference over multi-span transmission link by post digital signal processing of received signal obtained by a coherent receiver at the end of the transmission.
How to Connect Device Nonlinear Specification and System Nonlinear Penalty
Authors: Tao Zhenning , Zhang Ke , Yang Chengwu , SU Xiaofei , Ye Tong , Nakashima Hisao , Hoshida Takeshi
Published: April 2022

From system design point of view, it’s required to estimate nonlinear system performance from device nonlinear specification. We discuss various technologies about this topic and find the problem is only partially solved.