bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fusion Oncogenes in Patients With Locally Advanced or Distant Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ju Gaoda , Sun Yuqing , Wang Hao , Zhang Xin , Mu Zhuanzhuan , Sun Di , Huang Lisha , Lin Ruijue , Xing Tao , Cheng Wuying , Liang Jun , Lin Yan-Song
Published: August 2023

Context

Fusion oncogenes are involved in the underlying pathology of advanced differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and even the cause of radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractoriness.

Objective

We aimed to investigation between fusion oncogenes and clinicopathological characteristics involving a large-scale cohort of patients with advanced DTC.

Methods

We collected 278 tumor samples from patients with locally advanced (N1b or T4) or distant metastatic DTC. Targeted next-generation sequencing with a 26-gene ThyroLead panel was performed on these samples.

Results

Fusion oncogenes accounted for 29.86% of the samples (72 rearrangement during transfection (RET) fusions, 7 neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions, 4 anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions) and occurred more frequently in pediatric patients than in their adult counterparts (P = .003, OR 2.411, 95% CI 1.329-4.311) in our cohort. DTCs with fusion oncogenes appeared to have a more advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)_N and AJCC_M stage (P = .0002, OR 15.47, 95% CI 2.54-160.9, and P = .016, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.18-4.81) than those without. DTCs with fusion oncogenes were associated with pediatric radioactive iodine (RAI) refractoriness compared with those without fusion oncogenes (P = .017, OR 4.85, 95% CI 1.29-15.19). However, in adult DTCs, those with fusion oncogenes were less likely to be associated with RAI refractoriness than those without (P = .029, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.27-0.95), owing to a high occurrence of the TERT mutation, which was the most prominent genetic risk factor for RAI refractoriness in multivariate logistic regression analysis (P < .001, OR 7.36, 95% CI 3.14-17.27).

Conclusion

Fusion oncogenes were more prevalent in pediatric DTCs than in their adult counterparts and were associated with pediatric RAI refractoriness, while in adult DTCs, TERT mutation was the dominant genetic contributor to RAI refractoriness rather than fusion oncogenes.
Acute Deletion of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Hepatocytes Disrupts Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Male Mice
Authors: Correia Catarina Mendes , Præstholm Stine Marie , Havelund Jesper Foged , Pedersen Felix Boel , Siersbæk Majken Storm , Ebbesen Morten Frendø , Gerhart-Hines Zach , Heeren Joerg , Brewer Jonathan , Larsen Steen , Blagoev Blagoy , Færgeman Nils Joakim , Grøntved Lars
Published: August 2023

Hepatic lipid metabolism is highly dynamic, and disruption of several circadian transcriptional regulators results in hepatic steatosis. This includes genetic disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as the liver develops. To address the functional role of GR in the adult liver, we used an acute hepatocyte-specific GR knockout model to study temporal hepatic lipid metabolism governed by GR at several preprandial and postprandial circadian timepoints. Lipidomics analysis revealed significant temporal lipid metabolism, where GR disruption results in impaired regulation of specific triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and sphingolipids. This correlates with increased number and size of lipid droplets and mildly reduced mitochondrial respiration, most noticeably in the postprandial phase. Proteomics and transcriptomics analyses suggest that dysregulated lipid metabolism originates from pronounced induced expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, β-oxidation, and sphingolipid metabolism. Integration of GR cistromic data suggests that induced gene expression is a result of regulatory actions secondary to direct GR effects on gene transcription.
Effect of Fetal Pituitary-Testes Suppression on Brain Sexual Differentiation and Reproductive Function in Male Sheep
Authors: Amodei Rebecka , Jonker Sonnet S , Smallman Mary , Whitler William , Estill Charles T , Roselli Charles E
Published: August 2023

We previously demonstrated that treating fetal lambs on gestational day 62 with the long-acting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist degarelix (DG) suppresses pituitary-testicular function during midgestation. The objective of this study was to investigate whether impaired gonadotrophic drive during this fetal period has enduring effects on sexual differentiation and reproductive function in adult male sheep. We assessed the effects of prenatal administration of DG, with or without testosterone (T) replacement, on various sexually dimorphic behavioral traits in adult rams, including sexual partner preferences, as well as neuroendocrine responsiveness and testicular function. Our findings revealed that DG treatment had no effect on genital differentiation or somatic growth. There were some indications that DG treatment suppressed juvenile play behavior and adult sexual motivation; however, male-typical sexual differentiation of reproductive behavior, sexual partner preference, and gonadotropin feedback remained unaffected and appeared to be fully masculinized and defeminized. DG-treated rams showed an increased LH response to GnRH stimulation and a decreased T response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation, suggesting impaired Leydig cell function and reduced T feedback. Both effects were reversed by cotreatment with T propionate. DG treatment also suppressed the expression of CYP17 messenger RNA, a key enzyme for T biosynthesis. Despite the mild hypogonadism induced by DG treatment, ejaculate volume, sperm motility, and sperm morphology were not affected. In summary, these results suggest that blocking GnRH during midgestation does not have enduring effects on brain sexual differentiation but does negatively affect the testes' capacity to synthesize T.
Afterword: In and beyond the Boundaries of Medievalism
Authors: West Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2023

In its special issue, “The ‘Medieval’ Undone: Imagining a New Global Past,” boundary 2 reveals connections of medieval studies beyond the field's self-declared boundary of 500 – 1500 AD. Though focusing on medieval studies, these essays underscore the field's long-standing role in promoting an Anglocentric paradigm of time and history. The implications reach beyond the 1500s, into the settler and colonial periods of early America, serving as a reminder that Western-derived divisions of time—that is, periodization—have anchored white-centered epistemologies. Rooted in Western-centric time and chronology, medieval studies reflects a global Anglocentric impact requiring Africana and nonwhite populations to engage the discipline as both intellectual and social advocacy.
Agents, Econometricians and the Identification of Rational Expectations Systems
Authors: Flôres Jr. Renato G. , Szafarz Ariane
Published: August 2023

This paper generalises previous results on the identification of rational expectations (r.e.) models, establishing necessary and sufficient conditions on the structural form of static and dynamic models, without specific assumptions on the stochastic processes generating the endogenous and exogenous variables. The approach allows the econometrician to explore the information in predetermined variables not previsible by the agents. Ways of making operational this knowledge are discussed. As a consequence, the set of identification strategies is broadened and a better insight is gained on the cost/benefit of an early selection on the solutions set.
Financial cycles: how long and how certain?
Authors: Gonzalez Rodrigo , Marinho Leonardo , Lima Joaquim
Published: August 2023

Understanding and measuring financial cycles is important to academics and policy-makers, particularly those in charge of macroprudential policy. While business cycle periodic components have been largely estimated with different methods, empirical evidence related to financial cycles’ periodicities is scarce. Worse, ad hoc filters, are commonly used by policy-makers to calculate the credit gap and make important policy decisions based on the amplitude of this gap. To address the issue of depicting financial cycles, we estimate the credit gap and credit periodic components in 28 countries using Bayesian Structural Time Series Methods (STM) and Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). We find financial cycles of 13 to 20 years in most countries, but some present periodicities close to those of the business cycle. We also find discrepancies between our estimated cycles and the ad hoc filter calibration usually adopted by policy-makers to measure the credit gap, which conceal uncertainty and can be misleading.
The Effect of Parental Occupation and Family Arragements on Occupational Choices among Brazilian Youth
Authors: Brito Danyella Juliana Martins de , Hermeto Camilo de Oliveira Ana Maria , Lombardi Filho Stélio Coêlho
Published: August 2023

This paper estimates the added worker effect and discouraged worker effect for young people in metropolitan Brazil. Its main contribution is to reveal how the transition to unemployment by the household head impacts labor supply among youth, considering the demographic changes – especially the size and composition of family arrangements – that Brazil has undergone in recent decades. We designed multinomial probit models (with and without correction of sample selection bias) covering the main metropolitan regions of the country using data from Brazil’s Monthly Employment Survey (PME) for the years 2002 to 2015, which compiles information on monthly transitions in the Brazilian labor market. Our findings point to evidence of a greater transition of young men and women to activation in the labor market, specifically from inactivity to unemployment, in periods when the household head became unemployed. On the other hand, there is no evidence of a statistically significant discouraged worker effect impacting these individuals. Furthermore, the parents’ occupational situation seems to have little effect on the transition to activation of young males in low-income families, unlike those belonging to wealthier families.
College quality, students performance and labor market outcomes
Authors: Mattos Enlinson , Bacalhau Priscilla , Ponczek Vladimir
Published: August 2023

This paper decomposes the effect of college’s quality signalling on former students’ early labor market outcomes. We propose a new measure of the signal for college quality: the performance of the previous cohort that has graduated three years before the individual in the same institution and major. Using a unique administrative educational data set matched with the employer-employee data for Brazilian formal firms we are able to identify that an increase of 1 percentage point in the signal variable is related to up to 0.42% larger probability of being employed in the formal sector and an increase of up to 0.4% in the early career wage. We also investigate heterogeneity returns by gender, individual’s prior working experience and field of education. We control for both individual and institutional performance levels.
DOES THE FAMILY STRUCTURE AFFECT THE HEALTH RISK BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS IN BRAZIL?
Authors: Heredia Peñaloza Rayen , Miro Couto Silva Vitor , Martins Costa Edward , Dniz Irffi Guilherme , Saeed Khan Ahmad
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to estimate the effect of family structure on the risky behavior of Brazilian adolescents and to analyze the effect according to the levels of education (elementary school and high school). This analysis uses data from the PeNSE (National Student’s Health Survey) of 2015 which provides information about health behaviors among 13 to 17 years old Brazilian students. The sample is subdivided in Elementary School and High School. Estimations were made using the propensity score matching method (PSM) and the risky behaviors considered for the estimation were: consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, and illicit drugs. Thus, the results suggest that being raised in a disruptive family has negatively affects the health risk behavior of adolescents when analyzed by the issue of substance use, mainly when it comes to the consumption of alcohol and cigarettes.
The effects of income shocks on female headship and poverty in Brazil
Authors: Batista Andrezza , Costa Lorena
Published: August 2023

This paper analyzes the effects of income shocks on the households’ chances of becoming headed by women and its effects on the female-headed households’ poverty vulnerability in the Brazilian metropolitan regions. For that, the unemployment rate was used as an income shock, considering both positive and negative variations in the general economy and the sectors that mostly employ men and women. The results suggest that negative income shocks decrease female household headship, while positive ones cannot always increase them in the Brazilian metropolitan regions. Also, negative and positive income shocks make households headed by women more likely to be poor.
Estimation of inequality and concentration measures from grouped observations
Authors: Hoffmann Rodolfo
Published: August 2023

It is shown how the linear density function can always be used to estimate the within group inequality when computing inequality or concentration measures from grouped observations. The value of Cowell and Mehta's D-measure is analysed and new support is presented for their 1/3 and 2/3 rule.
A business cycle study for the U.S. from 1889 to 1982
Authors: Leal Carlos Ivan Simonsen
Published: August 2023

The main task of the economists that study the behaviour of business cycles is to explain why and how certain economic variables tend to fluctuate away from their expected trends. They put questions such as why unemployment was preceded by an unexpected fall in demand.
O Brasil de Bolsonaro: Uma democracia sob estresse
Authors: Couto Cláudio Gonçalves
Published: August 2023

O ressentimento social manifesto nas Jornadas de Junho de 2013, resultante de expectativas frustradas de setores sociais ascendentes (que viram estancado seu progresso) e de camadas superiores na estratificação social (que perderam sua distinção), ensejou afetos antipolíticos. Estes, por sua vez, alimentaram o antipartidarismo e o sentimento antissistema, propícios ao sucesso eleitoral de outsiders e políticos marginais. Nesse contexto, tornaram-se prefeitos vários outsiders nas eleições municipais de 2016, e Jair Bolsonaro conquistou a Presidência em 2018. Seu governo-movimento caracterizou-se pelo populismo extremista de fundo religioso, excludente e antipluralista, que mobilizou apoios a um governo anormal e, por isso, incompreensível pela análise institucionalista convencional: em vez de tomar o quadro institucional como dado, atuou solapando-o. Isso gerou estresse no sistema, pois o ataque reiterado a outros poderes (especialmente o Judiciário) teve como resposta o hiperativismo institucional, gerador de uma armadilha populista, que minou a legitimidade de instituições instadas a atuar defensivamente.
Novos rumos
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana
Published: August 2023

Passados vários meses de pandemia, continuamos a monitorar e a avaliar seus impactos na economia, nos negócios e na gestão. Desemprego, home office, síndrome de burnout, mudanças no comportamento do consumidor são alguns dos fenômenos que ocupam o noticiário e impactam significativamente o trabalho e o cotidiano de muitos profissionais.Nas últimas edições da GV-executivo temos abordado essas questões, já que se trata de um fato social total, na visão do sociólogo Marcel Mauss, ou seja, um acontecimento que provoca radicais transformações em diferentes frentes: na economia, na política, na família, nos indivíduos, visto que as esferas da vida social e da vida privada estão profundamente conectadas. Essa perspectiva foi proposta por Mauss ainda nos anos 1960, mas, no momento em que vivemos, tais efeitos são amplificados pela globalização, e os desafios para avançar em uma sustentabilidade planetária se tornaram imensos.Uma área que tem sido muito afetada é a circulação de mercadorias no mundo. Assim, esta edição da GV-executivo traz um especial sobre o tema e discute vários aspectos da gestão das cadeias produtivas das organizações.
Internalizar ou terceirizar, eis a questão
Authors: Heck Tania , Vieira Luciana
Published: August 2023

Como as empresas podem repensar suas estratégias de produção interna e externa para minimizar os impactos causados pela Covid-19 e se tornar mais resilientes para o futuro.
Caminhos para integrar os elos
Authors: Vida Luiza , Hashiba Luciana
Published: August 2023

A pandemia da Covid-19 acentuou a necessidade de as empresas avaliarem e reforçarem o nível de integração de ponta a ponta nas cadeias de suprimentos. Só assim poderão sair mais fortes dessa crise.
O rei está nu
Authors: Ferreira Adriana Padua , Biazzin Cristiane
Published: August 2023

Apesar da roupagem de sustentabilidade, as empresas ainda falham em levar estratégias corporativas que consideram questões ambientais e sociais à prática de compras e, consequentemente, a todos os elos da cadeia produtiva.
Navigating the Complexities of the European Union - Russia Energy Relations
Authors: Asllani Kaltra
Published: August 2023

The European Union and Russia are both important players on the global stage when it comes to energy. Russia is the second largest supplier of natural gas right after the USA, while the European Union is one of the world's largest consumers of energy. As expected, throughout the years cooperation has blossomed between them in the aforementioned area. Due to the fact that both parties have been working closely together, tensions have arisen regularly. The European Union's effort to lessen its dependency on Russian energy has been one of the main issues of dispute between the two partners. Concerns over Russia's use of its energy resources as a political weapon, particularly in light of the invasion of Ukraine and its repercussions, have been the primary motivators for this development. The European Union should aim to increase the use of renewable energy sources, implement new procedures and upgrade existing infrastructure in order to diversify its energy supply.
Brain Drain, A Modern Issue for the EU
Authors: Theocharidou Amalia Angeliki
Published: August 2023

The brain-drain phenomenon refers to the global moving of skilled alumni in order to ensure better work opportunities and higher salaries (Oxford Learner's Dictionaries, 2023). Its main effect is the loss of human capital in the mother countries, in which gaps in the workforce are being created, leaving the spots for people with lower qualifications. The lost income will cause a tax increase leading to the payment inability and to an overall worsening of the economy. The last result is what makes the phenomenon so important. The economy and the education are the foundations of a country and with the worsening of the first in the fields of home industries, the public services are facing a failure, the state providing less to its people (Young, 2021).
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Revolutionizing NGOs' Work
Authors: Efthymiou Iris Panagiota , Alevizos Antonios , Sidiropoulos Symeon
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming various industries by enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making. The non-governmental organization (NGO) sector is also exploring the use of AI to revolutionize their work. This paper explores the role of AI in revolutionizing NGO work, including its potential benefits and challenges. The paper presents case studies of AI implementations in NGO program design, resource management, monitoring and evaluation, and predictive analysis. The paper also discusses the ethical considerations and challenges of using AI in NGOs and outlines the future directions and challenges for AI in the NGO sector.
Balancing ChatGPT and Data Protection in Germany: Challenges and Opportunities for Policy Makers
Authors: Leboukh Fouad , Baba Aduku Emmanuel , Ali Omar
Published: August 2023

In the last few months there has been widespread discussion about the remarkable progress made in the field of artificial intelligence, specifically large language models such as "ChatGPT". The ethical implications of AI, particularly concerning data protection, have sparked discussions on the necessity of robust regulations. This article examines the intersection of data protection, ChatGPT, and the ethics of AI, it explores Germany's ongoing efforts to strike a balance between harnessing the potential of large language models as ChatGPT and ensuring responsible and transparent use of AI technology in the policy-making realm. The GDPR serves as a guiding framework, necessitating careful consideration of privacy rights and secure handling of personal data when deploying ChatGPT in Germany's policy-making processes. The study draws on analysis on the current laws and regulations of data protection in Germany while studying Germany's commitment to safeguarding personal information through the active presence of The German Federal Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information. The first section provides a context and presents the policy problem. The second section looks at the available policy options on the role of policymaking in establishing comprehensive regulations regarding the use of ChatGPT and generative AI. The third section provides recommendations on how Germany can ensure the responsible management of ChatGPT, through strengthening data protection laws and regulations, simultaneously, restricting ChatGPT usage to private users and government, also, embracing appropriate usage of generative AI while developing ethical guidelines and best practices to harness its benefits, fostering innovation and advancement.
Mapping the Donations of Pharma Companies in Greece: The Case of Scientific Societies
Authors: Chatzivasileiou Souzana , Emmanouil-Kalos Alkinoos , Efthymiou Iris Panagiota , Batakis Dimitris , Vozikis Athanassios
Published: August 2023

Pharmaceutical companies are major donors to medical-related civil society organizations worldwide, which has raised concerns about their influence on public health policy. The support provided includes financial donations, in-kind contributions and collaborations in research and awareness initiatives. However, there is a lack of transparency when it comes to these donations. While they contribute to the ability of recipient organizations to meet their operational needs and to conduct research, they also raise questions about the role of pharmaceutical companies in the formulation of public health policies. This paper aims to map the donations made by pharmaceutical companies to scientific societies in Greece, examining the nature and extent of the support provided, as well as examining the impact of these donations on the scientific community. Finally, recommendations are provided on how transparency and accountability can be strengthened. Further research is needed to understand the full extent of these donations and their impact on public health governance in Greece.
Total hip arthroplasty; indications, historical overview, surgical techniques, complications, and outcomes
Authors: Kania Agata , Gonet Malwina , Miszczyk Karolina , Serwik-Trandasir Aleksandra , Włodarczyk-Cybulska Karolina , Maj Patrycja , Sergiel Natalia , Mozer Piotr , Maternia Jakub , Lazar Michał
Published: August 2023

Introduction and purpose
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has revolutionized the treatment of various hip pathologies. This method of treatment leads to significant pain relief, improved function, and enhanced quality of life for patients worldwide. The following article provides an extensive overview of THA; covering indications, historical overview, surgical techniques, complications, as well as outcomes.
Material and method
The authors had analyzed both PubMed, as well as Google Scholar databases using the following key words: ‘THA’; ‘total hip replacement’; ‘total hip arthroplasty’;  ‘hip’; ‘direct anterior approach’; ‘direct lateral approach’; ‘posterior approach’; ‘THA outcomes’.
Conclusion
THA is considered to be one of the most clinically successful and cost-effective medical procedures, which were developed during the last century. What is worth mentioning, the world’s highest-impact academic journal, The Lancet, called THA ‘the operation of the century’ in the year 2007.
The historical perspective of total hip arthroplasty reveals the remarkable journey of medical pioneers who paved the way for modern techniques and materials. From the early days of simple hemiarthroplasty to the development of innovative prosthetic components and minimally invasive approaches, the field has undergone substantial progress, resulting in improved patient outcomes and longevity of the implants.
Despite these advancements, the review highlights several challenges and complications associated with total hip arthroplasty. Through continued investment in research, and collaboration among orthopedic surgeons, engineers, and researchers, addressing these challenges can lead to further improvements and enhanced patient experiences.
Personal Inalienable Rights to Life, Health and Health Care in Ukraine: New Challanges during the Martial Law Regime
Authors: Blashchuk Tetiana , Arbidane Iluta
Published: August 2023

In the 21st century, people expect their countries’ health authorities to ensure that their right to universal access to quality health care is exercised, including in the event of health emergencies (e.g. pandemic), and the opportunity to live safely in a healthy society. within the realities of war, access to quality medical care is even more difficult. The war in Ukraine, which has been going on since 2014, has led to healthcare-related problems in the temporarily occupied territories, and with the onset of a full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, these problems have only intensified and become global. The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation has led to mass migration of refugees both within Ukraine and to other countries. In the temporarily occupied territories, the population’s ac-cess to medical care is limited. It is reported that some health care facilities are being closed because there are no medical staff left due to their evacuation, the number of events dan-gerous to life and health has increased significantly, and there is a threat of epidemics. The main purpose of the presented study is to analyze international and national standards of human rights in the field of health care in Ukraine and identify problems of their implemen-tation and protection in martial law.The research is based on the analysis of international and national legal acts, statisti-cal indicators, court decisions and materials, and the comparison of positions of scientists on the published results. It is also planned to conduct a brief sociological survey among
Realization of the Principles of Criminal Law under the Martial Law Conditions
Authors: Timofeyeva Liliya
Published: August 2023

Despite international documents aimed at protecting human rights, national legislation, diplomatic relations and agreements, the Russian Federation has launched active hostilities in Ukraine.A number of legal issues are on the raise because of the situation in Ukraine, among them the problem of the expediency of legislation and international agreements, the value of such documents, the importance of research in this area, the significance and purpose of criminal law, and realization of the principles of criminal law.The aim of the article is to optimize the implementation of the principles of the criminal law during martial law.This chapter consists of three sections. In the first section, we analyze issues of approxi-mation of European norms in the context of realization principles. The problem faced by Ukraine does not concern a single country, but all humanity. Following the aggressive mili-tary actions against Ukraine, there is a threat to the security of other countries of the world if an effective counteraction mechanism is not developed. It has been established that any armed invasion of the territory of another state in the 21st century is not only an encroach-ment on its territorial integrity, but an encroachment on European values. These values have been developedfor centuries in response to the experience of war. After the outbreak of war in Ukraine, European community demonstrated the power of European values, and the ef-fectiveness of the European sanction mechanism.The second sectionfocuses on the questions about the essence of criminal law. It is ex-pressed through its principles. Among them are the principles of humanism, legality, cer-tainty, proportionality, individualization and differentiation of criminal responsibility, presumption of innocence, and inevitability of criminal liability. Fair punishment should comply with the principles of criminal law during martial law as well. In the third section, we analyzed the issues of interpretation of these principles in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The practice of the ECtHR is dy-namic and changing. The interpretation of the principles is dynamic and changing as well.The best way to deal with crimes against humanity, including war crimes, is the integra-tion and unity of the international community in combating these crimes.Last but not least, the number of crimes committed by the Russian Federation isincreas-ing significantly. The more crimes committed, the more anger is stirred up among Ukrain-ians and people all over the world who support Ukraine. However, the civilized world must respond and ensure security by means of civilized methods.
Exchange of Tax Information in the Post War Period in Ukraine
Authors: Raistenskis Evaldas , Muzychuk Mariana , Zahars Vitolds
Published: August 2023

Due to Russia’s brutal invasion, Ukraine’s economy is being severely damaged and accord-ing to the World Bank’s forecast, Ukraine’s economy will contract by up 45% in 2022. There-fore, the visionary recovery plan should address all areas of state policy, including taxation. Transformation of the tax control system of Ukraine is required for the post war period. The risk-oriented approach should be strengthened, focus should be put on voluntary compliance improvement, and cooperative compliance should be introduced. This will made tax control measures more efficient, while contributing to the investment climate. This study aims to analyze the significance of the introduction of exchange of tax information in Ukraine in the post-war period focusing on the process of Ukraine‘s integration with the EU. The re-search methods include systematic and comparative analysis of scientific literature, deduc-tion, induction, analysis, synthesis and systems approach. This study examined automatic exchange of tax information (AEOI) from the Ukrainian perspective – expectation for the legal framework, responsible and competent authorities, business processes functioning and application of Common Reporting standard, DAC2, DAC3 and DAC7. The study examined tax acts, their implementation status and how the challenge of AEOI should be addressed. The study results provide solutions for the effective use of the AEOI data, including risk as-sessment and control procedures. The results show that assurance of data quality is crucial at the stage of AEOI implementation.
For-Sale-by-Owner Platforms and Intermediation Pricing: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Wang Qiyuan
Published: August 2023

This paper shows that the entry of a for-sale-by-owner platform reduces the intermediation pricing.
Unsupervised design for broadband multispectral and polarization filter array patterns
Authors: Shinoda Kazuma
Published: August 2023

Imaging multiple wavelength and polarization components is problematic due to the complexity of equipment and the increase in the number of imaging shots, so imaging using filter arrays with various patterns has been widely reported from elemental research to practical applications. Most of them use bandpass filters with different center wavelengths for each pixel. Recently, however, filter arrays with multimodal transmission characteristics have been proposed using photonic crystals or Fabry–Perot filters. In any of these methods, the design of the filter array arrangement pattern is important to improve the quality of the captured image, as well as the improvement of the demosaicking algorithm. One way to design a filter array pattern is to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) between the ideal image and the demosaicked image. However, the more multidimensional the imaging components, the more difficult it becomes to collect training data. In such cases, it is necessary to empirically determine candidate transmission characteristics and patterns of filter arrays. In this study, we propose a method for evaluating filter array patterns without using any training data in the design of filter arrays for multispectral and polarization imaging. The proposed method estimates the MSE by approximating the autocorrelation matrix without using image data by expressing the imaging model as a linear forward problem and the demosaicking as a linear inverse problem. Since this method can be applied not only to ideal bandpass filter arrangements, but also to multispectral filter arrays with multimodal spectral transmission characteristics and even multispectral polarization filter arrays with different extinction ratios at different wavelengths, we will show that image quality can be improved over empirical arrangements by evaluating these patterns and by testing examples of optimal designs using genetic algorithms.
Low-cost wavefront shaping via the third-order correlation of light fields
Authors: Zhao Ying , Duan Meigang , Ju Yao , Yang Zuogang , Deng Xin , Huangfu Haolan , Yang Xiaozhan , Fan Xiaodan , Zuo Haoyi
Published: August 2023

In this Letter, inspired by the ghost imaging technique, we propose a wavefront shaping technique based on the third-order correlation of light fields (TCLF). Theoretically, we prove that if the light field fluctuation can be modeled by a complex Gaussian random process with a non-zero mean, the conjugate complex amplitude of the object and a focusing phase factor can be obtained by TCLF when using a single-point detector, which can support wavefront shaping. Experiments demonstrate that TCLF can achieve high-resolution wavefront shaping for scattered fields and scattering-assisted holography without additional operations such as optimization and phase shifting.
Optical switching optimization with nonlinear coupler-integrated polymer phase shifters
Authors: Alam Md Koushik , Afsary Noor , Parvez Md. Shohel , Rasel MD Omar Faruk
Published: August 2023

This study introduces and substantiates the operational viability of a novel optical switch, realized through a multimode interference (MMI)-based Y-branch architecture, and holds significant promise for advancing optical circuitry. Implementing a nonlinear directional coupler (DC) within symmetric arms of the Y-branch structure enables controlled phase shifting, effectively transforming the passive splitter into an active switch. Phase manipulation results in ON and OFF states, which is crucial for versatile optical switching. With a 5 μm core width to ensure single-mode operation, the design is fine-tuned using the beam propagation method (BPM) at 1550 nm, focusing on self-imaging and the transfer matrix method. The proposed step index (SI) Y branch MMI splitter exhibits an impressive 86% power-splitting efficiency. The analysis reveals a low excess loss of 0.64 dB for both TE and TM modes and minimal polarization dependence loss (PDL) at 0.000007 dB, highlighting its potential for high-performance optical switching.
Hybride Intelligenz als Konvergenz menschlicher und künstlicher Intelligenz – wie verändert ChatGPT die Wissensarbeit?
Authors: Schönberger Marius , Beinke Jan Heinrich
Published: August 2023

Das Konzept „Industrie 5.0“ stellt einen entscheidenden Schritt in der Entwicklung der industriellen Produktion dar und zeichnet sich durch die enge Vernetzung von Mensch und Maschine aus. Hybride Intelligenz stellt eine vielversprechende Lösung dar, um menschliches Wissen mit maschineller Leistungsfähigkeit zu kombinieren. In diesem Beitrag wird daher das Potenzial von hybrider Intelligenz als Konvergenz von menschlicher und künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) untersucht und die Auswirkungen von ChatGPT auf die Wissensarbeit diskutiert. Die Studie untersucht die Berufsfelder Einkauf, Buchhaltung, Forschung und Entwicklung, Personalwesen und IT, um den Grad der Automatisierung sowie den Bedarf für die Integration von hybrider Intelligenz zu ermitteln. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass repetitive Aufgaben in allen Tätigkeitsbereichen bis zu einem gewissen Grad automatisiert werden können, wobei der Automatisierungsgrad je nach Tätigkeit variiert. ChatGPT ist ein Chatbot, der bei vielen dieser Aufgaben wertvolle Unterstützung leistet. Die Studie zeigt, dass menschliche Expertise weiterhin einen hohen Stellenwert hat und KI primär als unterstützendes Werkzeug eingesetzt wird. Die erfolgreiche Integration von KI-Systemen in bestehende Arbeitsprozesse erfordert zudem ein gewisses Maß an Schulung und Anpassung, um eine reibungslose Zusammenarbeit zwischen menschlicher und künstlicher Intelligenz zu gewährleisten.
Psycho-social factors associated with climate distress, hope and behavioural intentions in young UK residents
Authors: Vercammen Ans , Oswald Tassia , Lawrance Emma
Published: August 2023

Although the UK has been relatively spared significant geophysical impacts of climate change, many people, youth in particular, are increasingly worried about climate change. The psychological distress associated with the (perceived) threat of climate change has been linked to poorer mental wellbeing but can also promote adaptive responses such as engagement in pro-environmental behaviour. In this mixed methods study, we delve deeper into the experience of ‘climate distress’ among UK residents aged 16–24 (N = 539). We conducted an online survey assessing general mental health, subjective wellbeing, and climate distress with existing scales. We also included novel questions assessing positive and negative life impacts of climate change, open-ended questions on aspirations and priorities for the future, and engagement in pro-environmental and climate actions. Our findings indicate that mental health factors may contribute to vulnerability to climate distress. Predictably, socio-psychological responses to climate change (i.e., frustration over inaction, lack of control, and shame or guilt about one’s own contributions) were linked to higher scores on the climate distress scale. Negatively appraised climate change-related events (i.e., seeing an environment they care about change for the worse) were associated with higher climate distress. Individuals with high climate distress (10.1% of our sample) reported worrying about the impact of climate change on their own future more frequently than any other topic surveyed (including personal finance, career, relationships, politics). Both positive (hope/interest) and negative (anger/frustration) emotions inspired action-taking, especially climate activism, which was negatively predicted by guilt/shame and sadness/fear. Private-sphere pro-environmental actions appeared less driven by strong emotions. Overall, our findings present a more nuanced picture of climate distress in terms of emotional responses, behaviour, and mental health. Longitudinal research is urgently needed to understand how distress may change over time, and the conditions that lead to adaptive and maladaptive outcomes.
Trends in treatment-seeking for fever in children under five years old in 151 countries from 1990 to 2020
Authors: Nguyen Michele , Dzianach Paulina A. , Castle Paul E. C. W. , Rumisha Susan F. , Rozier Jennifer A. , Harris Joseph R. , Gibson Harry S. , Twohig Katherine A. , Vargas-Ruiz Camilo A. , Bisanzio Donal , Cameron Ewan , Weiss Daniel J. , Bhatt Samir , Gething Peter W. , Battle Katherine E.
Published: August 2023

Access to medical treatment for fever is essential to prevent morbidity and mortality in individuals and to prevent transmission of communicable febrile illness in communities. Quantification of the rates at which treatment is accessed is critical for health system planning and a prerequisite for disease burden estimates. In this study, national data on the proportion of children under five years old with fever who were taken for medical treatment were collected from all available countries in Africa, Latin America, and Asia (n = 91). We used generalised additive mixed models to estimate 30-year trends in the treatment-seeking rates across the majority of countries in these regions (n = 151). Our results show that the proportions of febrile children brought for medical treatment increased steadily over the last 30 years, with the greatest increases occurring in areas where rates had originally been lowest, which includes Latin America and Caribbean, North Africa and the Middle East (51 and 50% increase, respectively), and Sub-Saharan Africa (23% increase). Overall, the aggregated and population-weighted estimate of children with fever taken for treatment at any type of facility rose from 61% (59–64 95% CI) in 1990 to 71% (69–72 95% CI) in 2020. The overall population-weighted average for fraction of treatment in the public sector was largely unchanged during the study period: 49% (42–58 95% CI) sought care at public facilities in 1990 and 47% (44–52 95% CI) in 2020. Overall, the findings indicate that improvements in access to care have been made where they were most needed, but that despite rapid initial gains, progress can plateau without substantial investment. In 2020 there remained significant gaps in care utilisation that must be factored in when developing control strategies and deriving disease burden estimates.
Spatial modelling of topsoil properties in Romania using geostatistical methods and machine learning
Authors: Patriche Cristian Valeriu , Roşca Bogdan , Pîrnău Radu Gabriel , Vasiliniuc Ionuţ
Published: August 2023

Various research topics from the field of soil science or agriculture require digital maps of soil properties as input data. Such maps can be achieved by digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques which have developed consistently during the last decades. Our research focuses on the application of geostatistical methods (including ordinary kriging, regression-kriging and geographically weighted regression) and machine learning algorithms to produce high resolution digital maps of topsoil properties in Romania. Six continuous predictors were considered in our study (digital elevation model, topographic wetness index, normalized difference vegetation index, slope, latitude and longitude). A tolerance test was performed to ensure that all predictors can be used for the purpose of digital soil mapping. The input soil data was extracted from the LUCAS database and includes 7 chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, calcium carbonate, organic carbon, N, P, K) and the particle-size fractions (sand, silt, clay). The spatial autocorrelation is higher for pH, organic carbon and calcium carbonate, as indicated by the partial sill / nugget ratio of semivariograms, meaning that these properties are more predictable than the others by kriging interpolation. The optimal DSM method was selected by independent sample validation, using resampled statistics from 100 samples randomly extracted from the validation dataset. Also, an additional independent sample of soil profiles, comprising legacy soil data, and the 200k Romania soil map were used for a supplementary validation. The results show that machine learning and regression-kriging are the optimal methods in most cases. Among the machine learning tested algorithms, the best performance is associated with Support Vector Machines and Random Forests methods. The geographically weighted regression is also among the optimum methods for pH and calcium carbonates spatial prediction. Good predictions were achieved for pH (R2of 0.417–0.469, depending on the method), organic carbon (R2of 0.302–0.443), calcium carbonates (R2of 0.300–0.330) and moderate predictions for electric conductivity, total nitrogen, silt and sand (R2of 0.155–0.331), while the lowest prediction characterizes the phosphorous content (R2of 0.015–0.044). LUCAS proved to be a reliable and useful soil database and the achieved spatial distributions of soil properties can be further used for national and regional soil studies.
Comparison of socio-economic determinants of COVID-19 testing and positivity in Canada: A multi-provincial analysis
Authors: Antonova Lilia , Somayaji Chandy , Cameron Jillian , Sirski Monica , Sundaram Maria E. , McDonald James Ted , Mishra Sharmistha , Kwong Jeffrey C. , Katz Alan , Baral Stefan , Caulley Lisa , Calzavara Andrew , Corsten Martin , Johnson-Obaseki Stephanie
Published: August 2023

Background

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been more pronounced for socially disadvantaged populations. We sought to determine how access to SARS-CoV-2 testing and the likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19 were associated with demographic factors, socioeconomic status (SES) and social determinants of health (SDH) in three Canadian provinces.

Methods

An observational population-based cross-sectional study was conducted for the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba and New Brunswick between March 1, 2020 and April 27, 2021, using provincial health administrative data. After excluding residents of long-term care homes, those without current provincial health insurance and those who were tested for COVID-19 out of province, records from provincial healthcare administrative databases were reviewed for 16,900,661 healthcare users. Data was modelled separately for each province in accordance to a prespecified protocol and follow-up consultations among provincial statisticians and collaborators. We employed univariate and multivariate regression models to examine determinants of testing and test results.

Results

After adjustment for other variables, female sex and urban residency were positively associated with testing, while female sex was negatively associated with test positivity. In New Brunswick and Ontario, individuals living in higher income areas were more likely to be tested, whereas in Manitoba higher income was negatively associated with both testing and positivity. High ethnocultural composition was associated with lower testing rates. Both high ethnocultural composition and high situational vulnerability increased the odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Discussion

We observed that multiple demographic, income and SDH factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 testing and test positivity. Barriers to healthcare access identified in this study specifically relate to COVID-19 testing but may reflect broader inequities for certain at-risk groups.