bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İşitme Kayıplı Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Çocuklarına İlişkin Gereksinimler ve Destekler Hakkındaki Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BEKAR Ramazan , UZUNER Yıldız , ÇOLAKLIOĞLU Osman
Published: September 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, işitme
kayıplı çocuğu olan annelerin çocuklarına ilişkin gereksinimleri ve destekler
hakkındaki görüşlerini incelemektedir. Betimsel durum çalışması olarak desenlenen
araştırmanın katılıcılarının çocukları işitme kayıplı ve çocuklarının birincil
bakıcıları olan 11 annedir. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme,
araştırmacı günlüğü ve doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. Toplanan
veriler betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Annelerin gereksinimleri bilgi,
eğitim, psikososyal, maddi, öngörülen gereksinimler başlıkları altında
toplanmıştır. Ailelerin gereksinimlere ilişkin destek aldıkları kaynakların
yakın çevreleri, uzmanlar, internet, devlet ve çocuğu işitme kayıplı olan
aileler olduğu görülmüştür. Annelerin gereksinimlerine ilişkin beklentileri
yoğun olarak maddi gereksinimlerine yönelik devlet desteğinin artması
yönündedir. Annelerin önerileri ise işitme kayıplı çocuğu olan ailelere olmuş
ve çocuklarıyla ilgilenmelerini önermişlerdir. Annelerin gereksinimleri
arasındaki bilgi gereksiniminin diğer gereksinimlerle ilişkili olduğu, bilgi
gereksinimlerinin giderilmesi durumunda diğer gereksinimlerinin bir kısmını
yaşamayacakları söylenebilir.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN PRAKTIK KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP KESIAPAN BERWIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI SEMESTER 6 STKIP PGRI TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Farkhan Mujib
Published: September 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan dan praktik kewirausahaan terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi Semester VI STKIP PGRI Tulungagung sebanyak 127 orang dengan jumlah sampel 31 orang. Adapun teknik pengumpulan datanya menggnakan angket. Teknik analisis menggunakan uji regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisa data pada penelitian ini menujukan : 1) Terdapat pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha, 2) Terdapat pengaruh praktik kewirausahaan terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha, dan 3) Secara simultan ada pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan dan praktik kewirausahaan terhadap kesiapan berwirausaha.Abstract: This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial practices on entrepreneurial readiness. The populations in this study were 127 students of Economic Education Study Program VI STKIP PGRI Tulungagung with a sample of 31 people. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression test. The results of data analysis in this study address: 1) There is an effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial readiness, 2) There is an effect of entrepreneurial practices on entrepreneurial readiness, and 3) Simultaneously there is an influence of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial practice on entrepreneurial readiness.
PENGARUH DIMENSI EKTERNAL PERSEPSI TERHADAP MUTU LAYANAN DI FK UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG
Authors: Juriah Siti
Published: September 2020

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dimensi eksternal persepsi yang meliputi: peralatan untuk pelayanan, warna dari obyek-obyek pelayanan, keunikan atau kekontrasan stimulus, gaya individu dalam menarik perhatian, dan motion atau gerakan pelayanan baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap mutu layanan di FK Universitas Lampung. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional teknik kuesioner yang diberikan kepada 91 sampel dari populasi sebanyak 771 mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proportional stratified random sampling sebanyak 10% untuk masing-masing angkatan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode statistik inverensial dengan regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara peralatan untuk pelayanan, warna dari obyek-obyek pelayanan, keunikan atau kekontrasan stimulus, gaya individu dalam menarik perhatian, dan motion atau gerakan pelayanan baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap mutu layanan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lampung.Abstract:The purpose of this study is to decide the effect of external dimensions of perception which include: service equipment, the color of service objects, uniqueness or contrast of stimulus, personal style of attracting attention, and motion or service movements both partially and simultaneously to service quality at the FK, University of Lampung. This type of research is a correlation research technique questionnaire given to 91 samples from a population of 771 students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lampung. Sampling uses a proportional stratified random sampling technique of 10% for each class. Data were analyzed using inferential statistical methods with linear regression. The results showed that there was a significant influence between the equipment for service, the colour of service objects, the uniqueness or contrast of stimulus, the personal style of attracting attention, and the motion or movement of service both partially and simultaneously to the quality of service in FK Lampung University.
PENGARUH SIKAP UNTUK KELUAR DARI KEMISKINAN TERHADAP KEBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN
Authors: Sholeh Maimun
Published: September 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  pengaruh sikap masyarakat miskin untuk keluar dari kemiskinan terhadap keberdayaan masyarakat miskin khususnya masyarakat miskin yang diberdayakan oleh lembaga zakat sehingga bisa dibuat strategi  yang tepat untuk meningkatkan keberdayaan mereka. Penelitian ini merupakan studi eksplanatori dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan SEM (Structural Equation Model). Anggota sampel ditentukan dengan metode non-probability sampling khususnya dengan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan secara cross section dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sikap untuk keluar dari kemiskinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keberdayaan.Abstract: This study aims to decide the effect of the attitude of the poor to get out of poverty on the empowerment of the poor, especially the poor who are empowered by zakat institutions so that proper strategies can be made to increase their empowerment. This research is an explanatory study conducted using the SEM (Structural Equation Model) approach. The sample members are determined by the non-probability sampling method especially with purposive sampling. Data collected by cross-section were analyzed quantitatively. In this study it can be concluded that the attitude to get out of poverty has a positive and significant effect on empowerment.
Does violation of a Bell inequality always imply quantum advantage in a communication complexity problem?
Authors: Tavakoli Armin , Żukowski Marek , Brukner Časlav
Published: September 2020

Quantum correlations which violate a Bell inequality are presumed to power better-than-classical protocols for solving communication complexity problems (CCPs). How general is this statement? We show that violations of correlation-type Bell inequalities allow advantages in CCPs, when communication protocols are tailored to emulate the Bell no-signaling constraint (by not communicating measurement settings). Abandonment of this restriction on classical models allows us to disprove the main result of, inter alia, \cite{BZ02}; we show that quantum correlations obtained from these communication strategies assisted by a small quantum violation of the CGLMP Bell inequalities do not imply advantages in any CCP in the input/output scenario considered in the reference. More generally, we show that there exists quantum correlations, with nontrivial local marginal probabilities, which violate the I3322 Bell inequality, but do not enable a quantum advantange in any CCP, regardless of the communication strategy employed in the quantum protocol, for a scenario with a fixed number of inputs and outputs
Modeling of random static loads on a structural cover with limited statistical data
Authors: Solovev Sergey A.
Published: September 2020

Relevance. Loads on structures are complex stochastic elements that include several types of uncertainties simultaneously. The article describes a probabilistic approach to the load modeling on structural covers taking into account limited statistical data, when the parameters of distribution functions are presented in an interval form. The aim of the work is development of an approach to modeling the probabilistic distribution of random load on the structural surface in conditions of limited (incomplete) statistical information about the design load. Methods. The probability distribution of a particular type of loading is represented as p-boxes (probability boxes). A numerical example shows an algorithm for determining a p-box consisting of a sum of p-boxes that characterize different loads with different boundary distribution functions. Results. Based on the proposed approach, it is possible to define the intervals of normative and design loads with a given confidence level, to estimate the failure probability of structural elements, to assess the risk of an accident and also to make selection for structural element cross-section at the target level of reliability.
Visualizing surface formation of semi-regular polyhedra of Archimedes
Authors: Romanova Viktoryna A.
Published: September 2020

The most common method of forming semi-control polyhedra consists in cutting off angles and ribs of regular polyhedra by planes. The aim of the work - to consider the automated formation of a number of surfaces of semi-regular Archimedean polyhedra based on the dodecahedron. These include the truncated dodecahedron, the icosododecahedron, the romboicosododecahedron and the truncated icosododecahedron. The formation of surfaces is carried out by the kinematic method in AutoCAD using programs compiled in the AutoLISP language. Methods. The methodology for the formation of these polyhedra provides for truncation of the angles and edges of the dodecahedron. This requires the calculation of a number of geometric parameters of these polyhedra and dodecahedron, such as the value of the truncation of the dodecahedron edges, the size of the edges of truncated polyhedra, the centers of faces, dihedral angles, etc. In order to generate these surfaces, a frame is constructed because the frame lines are used as guides to form surfaces in a kinematic way. The electronic model of each polyhedron is constructed as a set of compartments of surfaces of all its faces, and each compartment is assigned to a certain layer of the drawing. The frame and electronic model of the polyhedra under study are formed by means of user programs composed in the functional language AutoLISP. The process of forming surfaces of selected polyhedra in the AutoCAD environment is provided by special programs that are also compiled in the AutoLISP language. Results. Software was created to demonstrate the process of formation of a number of Archimedes polyhedra on the monitor screen.
Caracterización tecnológica y del talento humano de las empresas fabricantes de cerámica roja ubicadas en el área metropolitana de Cúcuta
Authors: Sanchez Molina Jorge , Gelves Diaz Jhon Freddy , Romero-Arcos Yebrail Alexis
Published: September 2020

El presente trabajo muestra como están conformadas las empresas fabricantesde cerámica roja de esta región de Colombia, desde el punto de vista productivo,tecnológico, económico y de talento humano que allí labora. La informaciónconsolidada aquí se ha basado en un muestreo representativo de las unidadesproductivas que se encuentran legalmente constituidas y registradas en la Cámarade comercio de Cúcuta. El panorama encontrado ha dejado ver que esta industriaha alcanzado su mayor periodo de crecimiento en la última década (2000 -2010), predominando la empresa de clase pequeña, con un especial énfasis en lafabricación de cerámicas no esmaltadas; se evidencia un nivel tecnológico mediobajo al ser comparado con uno de los principales referentes internacionales; algo similar se aprecia en el nivel de formación académica del personal con altos niveles de analfabetismo y una limitada participación de personal especializado.
La Seguridad no tradicional en la ASEAN
Authors: Vilà Sánchez Enric
Published: September 2020

Non-traditional security threats (NTS) has been included on ASEAN’s regional security agenda. Among these NTS threats, defined by transnational and non-military nature, we found transnational crimes, migrations, environment threats, infectious diseases, people smuggling or food shortages. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the relevance of non-traditional security threats in the international system. ASEAN reassertedits commitment to NTS approach in 2015 with APSC Blueprint 2025 publication. This paper analyzes ASEAN’s non-traditional security agenda, including its background and principal effects. NTS inclusion on Security Community as recurrent practice is becoming a part of ASEAN’s identity.
Determinants Influencing the Level of Corruption in Indonesia Local Governments
Authors: Putra Ariva Muhammad Syauqi Qur’ani , . Ermawati
Published: September 2020

This study is based on the high levels of corruption occurring in Indonesia, indicated by the low level of the Corruption Perception Index (CPI). The majority of corruption cases occurring in Indonesia involves local governmental institutions. The high levels of corruption in local governments is related to government size, fiscal decentralization, and audit findings. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that cause the high levels of corruption in local governments. This study uses the agency theory as theoretical basis to formulate a framework of thought that connects government size, fiscal decentralization, audit findings, and corruption levels. The result of this study shows that the variables of government size, fiscal decentralization, audit findings, all have significant effects towards corruption levels. Fiscal decentralization and audit findings have a negative effect towards corruption level, while the government size variable has a positive effect on corruption levels. This study provides contribution to the practices of auditing, government execution, law enforcement, and corruption control initiatives in local governments in Indonesia
The application of activity-based costing in the cost calculation of thermal-power enterprise
Authors: Zhang Rong , Li Jian-Li
Published: September 2020

The advantages of activity-based costing include promoting the basic budget of activities and improving the management of activities, process and activity chain (value chain). Activity-based costing method, as an important tool of cost management in management accounting, extends the management of cost to the whole value-chain in the enterprise, and it also effectively changes the limitation of the focus of the law of manufacture costing on the study of the process concerning the making of certain products, thus offering adequate help to the enterprise in establishing systematic cost management. This paper, starting from the construction of thermal-power enterprises and through an analysis of the application of activity-based costing method in improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of the thermal enterprise, aims to point out the ways to eliminate the non-value-added activities so as to improve the management of value chain of the construction of the thermal-power enterprises by setting up multi-thermal-resource network operation center, thermal provision center and thermal-power enterprises.
An optimized roots power machine based on negative displacement theory
Authors: Xiao Yanjun , Gao Jing , Ren Jiamin , Zhou Wei , Wan Feng , Liu Weiling , Jiang Yunfeng
Published: September 2020

Roots power machine has obvious advantages in low and medium temperature waste heat recovery. The existing roots power machine has the problem of internal flow field disturbance, which seriously affects the power generation efficiency of the power machine. In order to solve the problem of disturbance of the internal flow field of roots power machine, the traditional involute rotor roots power machine is improved, and the roots power machine based on negative displacement involute rotor is proposed. The structure model and turbulence model of roots power machine are constructed, and the internal flow field simulation of roots power machine is realized by CFD. The pressure contour and torque change of roots power machine before and after improvement are compared, and the experimental research on the improved structure is carried out. The results show that the intensity of flow field disturbance in the modified involute rotor roots power machine decreases, and the working performance of the roots power machine improves,which provides a reference for the structural improvement and performance optimization of roots power machine.
Nyutdannede grunnskolelæreres faglige fordypning og masteroppgave – relevant for skolen?
Authors: Antonsen Yngve , Jakhelln Rachel , Bjørndal Kristin Emilie Willumsen
Published: September 2020

Femårig masterutdanning for grunnskolelærere ble pilotert ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet fra 2010 og innført i Norge fra 2017. Utdanningen innebærer faglig fordypning i tre fag for lærere i 5.−10. trinn, eller fire fag for lærere i 1.−7. trinn. Masteroppgaven skal være profesjonsrettet, praksisorientert og relevant for skolen. Denne kvalitative studien undersøker hvordan de to første kullene av grunnskolelærere med fullført masterutdanning fra UiT får anvendt sin faglige fordypning, og hvordan de erfarer relevansen av masteroppgaven etter ett år i yrket. Datamaterialet består av semistrukturerte intervjuer med 29 lærere, og som er tematisk analysert i NVivo 11. Resultatene viser at nyutdannede som i hovedsak underviser bare i fag med faglig fordypning eller et ekstra fag, arbeider i ungdomsskolen. Lærere som underviser i fag med faglig fordypning opplever mestring og motivasjon og bruker ulike didaktiske tilnærminger, spesielt i faget hvor de skrev sin fagdidaktiske masteroppgave. Lærere som underviser i fag uten faglig fordypning bruker tid og energi på å lære seg fagkunnskap og didaktikk, men erfarer utilstrekkelighet. Lærere i barneskolen underviser i opptil fire fag uten faglig fordypning. Masteroppgave og faglig fordypning i lærerutdanningen krever at både skoleledere, lærere og forskere er oppmerksomme på fordeling av undervisningsfag mellom lærere generelt og i barneskolen spesielt. 
English abstract
Newly qualified teachers with subject specialization and master thesis – relevant to the school? A new five-year master’s program for primary and lower secondary school teachers was piloted at UiT The Arctic University of Norway in 2010, and was later implemented in Norway in 2017. The new program entails increased subject-specialization in three or four subjects for teachers, in addition to a profession- and practice-oriented master thesis. This study investigates how the first teachers graduating from the pilot at UiT utilize their subject-specialization, and how they experience the relevance of their thesis after one year in employment. Our data consists of thematically analyzed, semi-structured interviews with 29 teachers. Important findings are: Teachers that mainly teach their specialization subjects work in lower secondary school. The teachers experience mastery and motivation and use different didactical approaches when teaching subjects within their specialization, especially teachers who wrote a thesis with a didactical focus. Teachers in primary schools, however, teach up to three to four subjects without specialization. These teachers report having to put down substantial effort learning how to teach new subjects, as well as experiencing a need for didactical approaches. The master thesis and subject specialization in the new teacher education master’s program in Norway requires continued attention from school leaders, teachers and researchers with regards to subject organization.
Derechos y obligaciones del estudiante mentor de la Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Authors: Rochin Berumen Fabiola Lydie , Cortés Vidauri Zimri , López Carlos Marco Antonio
Published: September 2020

El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en el contexto de la Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, donde se ha puesto en marcha el Programa Institucional de Mentorías del Centro Académico de Servicios Escolares (CASE), cuya función es orientar y dar acompañamiento a estudiantes de nuevo ingreso. Los mentores de la unidad en cuestión asesoran académicamente a los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso. Es por ello por lo que, para llevar esta labor, es necesario que los estudiantes mentores identifiquen sus derechos y obligaciones. Al conocer los beneficios y las responsabilidades del mentor, se espera que los alumnos se sientan aún más motivados para ejercer esta noble función, así como, cuantitativamente, obtener una mayor participación y un mejor rendimiento académico. El estudio tiene un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, y se apoya del método bibliográfico, analítico, sintético y descriptivo. Como parte de las conclusiones, se considera necesario que el estudiante mentor conozca sus derechos y obligaciones para que el proceso de acompañamiento se lleve a cabo eficazmente y que los estudiantes mentorados mejoren su rendimiento académico, su adaptación social y desarrollo de competencias.
The Effect of Teaching Strategies and Students’ Motivation on Students’ Narrative Writing Achievement
Authors: Kesumaningrum Eka , Sibarani Berlin , Santoso Didik
Published: September 2020

The objectives of this study were to investigate whether: (1) Students’ achievement in reading comprehension taught by using SPE is higher than students’ Achievement in Reading comprehension taught by using SQ4R, (2) Reading comprehension achievement of high learning motivation students is higher than reading achievement of low learning motivation students, and (3) There is significant interaction between teaching reading methods and students learning motivation on students reading comprehension achievement. An experimental research with factorial design 2x2 was used in this research. The first group was treated by using SPE and the second group was treated by using SQ4R. The learning motivation test was conducted for classifying the students upon the high learning motivation and the low learning motivation. The data were analyzed by applying Two-Way ANOVA. The result reveals that (1) students achievement in reading comprehension taught by using SQ4R is higher than that of taught by using SPE, (2) reading comprehension achievement of high learning motivation students is higher that reading achievement of low learning motivation students (3) There is significant interaction between teaching reading method and students learning motivation on students achievement in reading comprehension. Thus, teaching methods and students’ learning motivation significantly affect the students’ achievement in reading comprehension.Keywords: Motivation; Reading Comprehension; Teaching Reading Methods
Language Shift of the Javanese in Stabat
Authors: Juliansyah Juliansyah , Saragih Amrin , Gurning Busmin
Published: September 2020

This research addresses language shift of the Javanese in Stabat. It is aimed at finding out the factors influence language shift of Javanese, the pattern of the language shift, and the reasons of Javanese shift into Bahasa Indonesia. The data were obtained from the Javanese families living in Stabat. The study employs qualitative research design with a single case study to get the understanding on this study. The subjects of the study were 10 Javanese families in Stabat. The subjects were divided into two groups, namely parents and children. The reason for dividing the subjects into two groups is because language shift happens across the generation. Questionnaires and interview were used to gain the data. The data were analyzed by using data collection, data reduction, data display and data verification. The findings show that there are eight factors which influence Javanese shift into Bahasa Indonesia in Stabat, namely bilingualism, migration, economic, social, demographic and institutional factors, attitude, and lack of speaking competence. The dominant factor which affects the shift is the institutional factor. The analysis data indicates that the shift occurs in two patterns; in the pattern of relationship between parents and children, and the relationship among children. The status of Bahasa Indonesia as the official language and social success are the reasons for Javanese to shift into Indonesian language. Key words: shift, Javanese, bilingualism, attitude.
Javanese Language Attitude towards Speech Levels of Vernacular in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan
Authors: Pohan Farida Romaito , Sihombing Lince
Published: September 2020

This study explains Javanese Language Attitude towards Speech Levels of Vernacular in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan. The objective of this study are (1) to describe the kinds of Javanese speech levels use in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan (2) to investigate the characteristics of Javanese language when they use the dominant speech level (3) to explain the attitude toward their vernacular. The method of this study was qualitative research. The subjects were 30 Javanese speakers’ who live in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan taken by purposive random sampling. Questionnaire was used to collect the data to answer the Javanese speakers attitude in using their vernacular. While the interview was used to get the real data of them by transcribing their utterances during communication by using Javanese language. The data were analyzed by using interactive model by Miles and Huberman. This research result: (1) There are two kinds of Javanese speech levels in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan, they are Madya and Ngoko, (2) The characteristic of language in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan show that they have high loyalty to their vernacular, (3) Javanese speakers in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan have positive attitude toward their vernacular.   Keywords: Language attitude, vernacular, speech levels, Javanese language
Maxims Violation of Politeness Principle in the Dialogue of Indonesia’s Candidates Debate
Authors: Hartini Sri , Sihombing Lince
Published: September 2020

This thesis deals with maxims violation of politeness principle in Indonesia’s Candidates Debate. The objectives of the study are to describe the types of maxims violation, to elaborate the linguistic realization, and reasons of participants violated maxims of politeness principle. The approach in this study are based on Politeness theory by Geoffrey Leech (1983); tact, generosity, approbation, modesty, agreement and sympathy. The method of this research employed qualitative design. The subjects or the data source are taken from utterances of Presidential Candidates in Dialogue of Indonesia’s Presidential debate. All written data are the transcriptions of recorded observation and interview. The data are taken from you tube. The finding prove that four  types of Maxims violation are applied by the President candidates. The writer analyzes that there are 4 maxims are occurred, namely agreement maxim (4%), approbation maxim (4%), modesty maxim (4%), and generosity maxim (15%). the most dominant violated maxim is generosity (15%) out of the total numbers of maxims violation found in the dialogue. The reasons are the participants tried to obtain the benefit from the hearer by delivering the questions expecting to cost the hearer. Key Words: politeness principle, maxim,  debate
PRAGMATICS ACQUISITION OF FIVE-YEARS OLD INDONESIAN CHILDREN IN CASUAL CONVERSATION
Authors: Simanjuntak Evaline Roslina , Gurning Busmin , Sumarsih Sumarsih
Published: September 2020

This research was aimed at finding out the pragmatics acquisition of five-years old Indonesian children in casual conversation. The objectives of this descriptive qualitative research were to: (1) find the type of the pragmatics acquired by a five-years-old child, (2) to find out the way of how do the five years old Indonesian children acquired  the pragmatics in casual conversation, and (3) to find out the reason of why do the five years old Indonesian children acquired  the pragmatics in this way. The data were obtained from three Indonesian boy children who lived in Batakness environment where most of their friends spoke in Batakness language. This study was located at lintongnihuta, Humbang Hasundutan regency. In collecting the data. this study applied documentation with audio visual recorder as the instrument of collecting the data. The technique of data analysis used in this study was descriptive technique, and the data were described trough the process of transcribing the data and reducing the data by the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying and transforming the transcripts of the data, after that, displaying the data and at last drawing the conclusions. The finding indicates that the subject of this study had mastered pragmatics, were the types of pragmatics acquired are exchange structures, turn taking, repairs, and cohesion. While the most dominant pragmatics used was turn taking. The way of  five years-old Indonesian children acquire the pragmatics in casual conversation were by united the environment’s effect, culture, habits, mood, and their focus on their own mind, needs, and what they were thinking about. And the dominant affected by focusing to their mind only. Then based on the interview with their parents and other caregivers, it’s found that the reason of using pragmatics in highest frequency were because the children often focused to the things in their mind only.Keywords: Pragmatics, Acquisition, Indonesian Children, Casual Conversation
EXPERIENTIAL FUNCTION IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH ABOUT RADICAL ISLAMIC TERRORISM
Authors: Rambe Halimatun Husna , Ginting Siti Aisyah , Saragih Amrin
Published: September 2020

This study deals with the Experiential Function in Donald Trump’s Speech about Radical Islamic Terrorism. This study attempted to investigate the dominant elements of experiential function used in the speech, the realization and the reasons why the elements of experiential function are coded in the speech. This study was conducted by using qualitative design. The data in this study were the utterances of Donald Trump’s speech transcribed in written mode. The speech is campaign speech about Radical Islamic Terrorism on August 15th, 2016 at Youngstown State University. The research findings show that the dominant process found in the speech was material process, the dominant participant was actor and goal, and the dominant circumstance was location spatial and temporal. The processes were realized congruently and incongruently in metaphorical wording. Material process is dominantly used by Donald Trump about terrorism because he wanted to show the evil deeds done by terrorist and stimulate the listeners for future actions against terrorism, actor and goal participants show two confronting parties and circumstance location spatial and temporal show his point of view is authentic and objective. Keywords: Experiential Function, Speech, Terrorism
REALIZATION OF EXPERIENTIAL FUNCTION OF NATIONAL ANTHEM OF INDONESIA
Authors: Nasution Sri Heriyani , Saragih Amrin , Husein Rahmad
Published: September 2020

This qualitative study is aimed to find the Realization of Experiential Fuction of National Anthem of Indonesia. It was conducted by applying documentary study. The data analysis for this research was the text of National Anthem of Indonesia. The data were collected by applying a documentary technique. The document was read and analyzed to find out the Experiential Function. The data were analyzed by some procedures: data condensation, data display and drawing conclusion. Every elements of experintial function in the song or National Anthem represents the purpose of the song because the experiential function functions to represent the experience. The researcher also found there are so many ellipsis word in the song. Where that element can be found or detected from the context. Ellipsis means what is something left of linguistic elements. The ellipsis use because song is the simple language.Keywords: Experiential Function, National Anthem, Discourse, Text and Context
POLITENESS STRATEGY USED BY THE ANTAGONIST AND THE PROTAGONIST CHARACTERS IN “THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS” (A PRAGMATICS STUDY)
Authors: Iswati Titik , Murni Sri Minda , Dirgeyasa I Wayan
Published: September 2020

This research dealt with politeness strategy used in the movie The Silence of the Lamb. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the kinds of politeness strategies used by the antagonist and protagonist characters when they expressed their utterances in the film “The Silence of the Lambs”, (2)  to explain how the strategies used by the two characters, (3) to know the reasons of those characters in employing politeness strategies. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The source of data of this study was the movie. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The findings of this study revealed that: (1) Based on the categories of politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson, all categories of politeness strategies were found in this film. (2) The bald on record strategy was used for eight times by the antagonist, while the protagonist used it for five times. (3) The use of politeness strategy by the antagonist and protagonist was aimed to perform acts based on J. R. Searle’s theory, namely representatives, directives, commissives and declaration. In addition, new strategies were found in this study. They were self-image building, provoking and influencing. Keywords: Politeness Strategy, Antagonist, Protagonist, Pragmatics
TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLETS
Authors: Rahmawati Rahmawati , Gurning Busmin , Murni Sri Minda
Published: September 2020

The aims of this study were to find out the types of translation procedures in Patient Information Leaflets, to describe the realization of translation procedures and to explain about the reason of certain translation procedures realized in Patient Information Leaflets.The research was conducted by using qualitative descriptive design. The data of this study was translation unit that consists of words, phrases, clauses and sentences in Patient Information Leaflets in two versions, English as the source text and Bahasa Indonesia as the target text. The data was analyzed by using the theory of Translation Procedures based on (Vinay and Darbelnet ; 2000) to find the types, realization and the reason of certain translation procedures were used in Patient Information Leaflets. The results of the study were (1) there were eight types of translation procedures in patient information leflets namely borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalent, deletion and mixing procedures. (2)There were some realization of translation procedures in patient information leaflets , namely pure loanwords, naturalization, word for word translation, optional transposition, obligatory transposition, free modulation, obligatory modulation, equivalency, reduction, and combining procedures, and (3) there were seven reasons behind the realization of translation procedures namely the concept of the source text is unknown, preserving the verbatim meaning of the source text, unequivalent grammatical structures between source language and target language, naturalism in translation, clarity in translation, familiarity and maintaining the original terms of the source text.Key Words: Translation, Translation Procedures, Patient Information Leaflets, English and Bahasa Indonesia.
INTERPERSONAL METAPHOR IN “INDONESIA NOW” ENGLISH NEWS TV PROGRAM
Authors: Purba Desi Kristina , Ginting Siti Aisyah , Pulungan Anni Holila
Published: September 2020

This study investigates interpersonal metaphor in “Indonesia Now” English news TV program based on Systemic Functional Linguistics approach. The objective of the study are to identify what types of interpersonal metaphors in “Indonesia Now”, to describe how those interpersonal metaphors are used, and to explain in what context those interpersonal metaphor are used. A qualitative descriptive research design was applied. The data were taken from one weekly broadcast Indonesia Now in January to June 2017. The data were collected by recording the “Indonesia Now” program on Metro TV, then transcribing the program broadcasts into written text, classifying the data into types of interpersonal metaphors and then drawing conclusion from the data. The findings of the study show that there are five types of interpersonal metaphor used in “Indonesia Now”, namely metaphor of mood, modality, epithet, euphemism, and connotation. The use of interpersonal metaphor in “Indonesia Now” is realized by use of incongruent types of expressing meaning in interaction. In addition, the use of interpersonal metaphor, it is also found that expressing emotion as the new findings of this study which not in line with the previous theories. The speaker use interpersonal metaphor to accurately reflect their point of view and express the emotion and this purpose can be achieved with the reference to social context which named context of situation.Keyword: Interpersonal metaphor, Systemic Functional Linguistic, Indonesia Now
THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF METAPHOR IN THE MAGIC OF THINKING BIG TRANSLATED INTO BAHASA INDONESIA BY DIAN PARAMESTI BAHAR
Authors: Situmorang Khairani Hayat , Dirgeyasa I Wy. , Zainuddin Zanuddin
Published: September 2020

The research dealt with Metaphor Sentences. The aims of this study were: (1) to find out the translation strategies of metaphors are used in The Magic of Thinking Big and (2) to describe the translation strategies maintain metaphors in The Magic of Thinking Big. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were sentences. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The finding of this study revealed that: (1) The metaphor in The magic of Thinking Big were translated by applying six translation strategies, namely: word for word Translation (5.3%) lieral translation (4.3%), faithful translation (57.5%), Free translation (3.2%), communicative translation (30.5%) and discursive creation was found (2.2%). (2) The metaphors are maintained that found in the Magic of Thinking Big are original metaphors turned into another original metaphors, stock metaphors turned into another stock metaphors, adapted metaphors turned into adapted metaphors, dead metaphors turned into dead metaphors, original metaphor turned into stock metaphor, stock metaphor turned into original metaphor, meanwhile, 10 original metaphors and 1 dead metaphor are no longer classified as metaphors. Language has special characteristic that is metaphor sentences, therefore in the case of translating of metaphor sentences in which their concept in unknown for readers, the translator often faces the problems to find out the translation strategies to translate metaphor in a source language (SL) and how the metaphor sentences are maintained in the target language (TL).Keywords : Metaphor, Translation Strategies, Maintain Metaphor
MANTAINING BAHASA ANGKOLA BY ITS SPEAKERS AT LANGGAR COMMUNITY IN KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Rambe Armita Novriana
Published: September 2020

The aims of this study was to investigate the strategies of Angkolanese maintain Bahasa Angkola at Langgar Community in Kota Medan. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were the utterances of Angkolanese speakers. There were 20 participants of this research. The data were collected through observation, questionnaire and interview. The result of this study revealed that: There were three factors that affecting language maintenance proposed by Fishman (1991) in this study namely family language policy, Using Angkola language in their daily communication frequently, and using Angkola language in cultural activity like in wedding ceremony. The using of these strategies can be applied to the first and second generation. Meanwhile the third generation found the difficulties when facing the strategies. They tend to use bahasa Indonesia in their daily life because most of their time are spending at school and they are not aware of the cultural activity around them.Key words: Strategies of Language Maintenance, Bahasa Angkola, Langgar Community.
THE REALIZATION OF TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN LIVE METAPHORS IN SUMATERA FOLKLORES INTO ENGLISH
Authors: Khawardi Lucy , Pulungan Anni Holila , Saragih Amrin
Published: September 2020

In accordance with translation, the metaphors must be translated very carefully in order to avoid misunderstanding. Larson (1984:250) states that If metaphors from source language are translated literally into the target language, they will often be completely misunderstood. Because the translation cannot simply reproduce, or be, the original. In fact, in the folklores there are still literally in translating the text. The aims of this study were to describe the realization of translation strategies in the translation live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores. The source of data were 15 folklores in Sumatera. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument for collecting the data was documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The findings of this study revealed that the realization of translation strategies in live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores into English by applying two process, namely: Single Strategy (91.83%), Double Strategies (8.16%). Metaphors often become the problem in translation and in accordance with translation, the metaphors must be translated from source language (SL) into target language (TL) in order to avoid misunderstanding. Keywords: Translation Strategies, Live Metaphor, Sumatera language, Folklores
Percepciones de una élite científica periférica: exploración de las relaciones entre academia, industria y Estado
Authors: Gibert Galassi Jorge , Juyumaya Jesús
Published: September 2020

En esta investigación se describe la percepción de una élite científica periférica respecto a sus vínculos institucionales con su entorno significativo. Mediante entrevistas y datos secundarios, el trabajo muestra un desfase entre las capacidades, los deseos de innovar y los apoyos de la industria y el Estado para desarrollar negocios intensivos en tecnología. Se concluye que los científicos con capital social y “espacios de comparación” tienen mejores oportunidades de vinculación con la industria comparado con los incentivos del Estado y la academia para hacerlo. Así, la investigación aporta a la comprensión de los nuevos actores del desarrollo económico en la periferia en cuanto a sus creencias, deseos y expectativas.
Sobre Jazmín Benítez López, El Golfo de Fonseca como punto geoestratégico en Centroamérica. Origen histórico y evolución del conflicto territorial del siglo XVI al XXI
Authors: Acuña Víctor Hugo
Published: September 2020

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Sobre Rebeca Monroy Nasr, María Teresa de Landa: una Miss que no vio el universo
Authors: Rodríguez Sánchez Nathaly
Published: September 2020

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Sobre Cornelius Conover, Pious Imperialism Spanish Rule and the Cult of Saints in Mexico City
Authors: Farriss Nancy
Published: September 2020

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Sobre Juan Real Ledezma, Universidad de Guadalajara, “síntesis histórica”
Authors: Moreno Rodríguez Ramón
Published: September 2020

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Human umbilical cord stem cells – the discovery, history and possible application
Authors: Stefańska Katarzyna , Bryl Rut , Hutchings Greg , Shibli Jamil A. , Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska Marta
Published: September 2020

Stem cells are now one of the most extensively studied fields in experimental medicine. Although embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the capability to differentiate into lineages derived from all three primary germ layers, their use remains ethically controversial. Mesenchymal stromal cells’ (MSCs) utilization is not burdened with such concerns. MSCs were primarily characterized as fibroblastic cells from bone marrow stroma, with the ability to adhere to plastic and form clonogenic colonies (CFU-Fs – colony-forming unit-fibroblasts). Subsequent studies led to their isolation from various other adult or perinatal tissues, including the umbilical cord. Although in most cases MSCs are obtained from umbilical cords’ stroma (Wharton’s jelly), it has been demonstrated that both cord’s lining and endothelial layer of umbilical vein possess the cells that fulfill the minimal criteria for MSCs published in 2006 by the International Society for Cellular Therapy. Since the initial discovery, a number of pre-clinical and clinical studies were conducted with the use of MSCs derived from umbilical cords, targeting diseases such as cancer or autoimmune diseases. Moreover, their secretome may be even more beneficial, providing an opportunity to create cell-free therapies.

Running title: The history of human umbilical cord stem cells
In silico data mining of large-scale databases for the virtual screening of human interleukin-2 inhibitors
Authors: Halim Sobia Ahsan , Zaheer-Ul-Haq  , Khan Ajmal , Al-Rawahi Ahmed , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: September 2020

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is involved in the activation and differentiation of T-helper cells. Uncontrolled activated T cells play a key role in the pathophysiology by stimulating inflammation and autoimmune diseases like arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn’s disease. T cells activation can be suppressed either by preventing IL-2 production or blocking the IL-2 interaction with its receptor. Hence, IL-2 is now emerging as a target for novel therapeutic approaches in several autoimmune disorders. This study was carried out to set up an effective virtual screening (VS) pipeline for IL-2. Four docking/scoring approaches (FRED, MOE, GOLD and Surflex-Dock) were compared in the re-docking process to test their performance in producing correct binding modes of IL-2 inhibitors. Surflex-Dock and FRED were the best in predicting the native pose in its top-ranking position. Shapegauss and CGO scoring functions identified the known inhibitors of IL-2 in top 1, 5 and 10 % of library and differentiated binders from non-binders efficiently with average AUC of > 0.9 and > 0.7, resp. The applied docking protocol served as a basis for the VS of a large database that will lead to the identification of more active compounds against IL-2.