bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AGN Triality of Triple Mergers: Detection of Faint X-Ray Point Sources
Authors: Foord Adi , Gültekin Kayhan , Runnoe Jessie C. , Koss Michael J.
Published: February 2021

We present results from our X-ray analysis of a systematic search for triple active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in nearby (z < 0.077) triple galaxy mergers. We analyze archival Chandra observations of seven triple galaxy mergers with baymax (Bayesian Analysis of Multiple AGNs in X-rays), fitting each observation with single, dual, and triple X-ray point-source models. In doing so, we conclude that one triple merger has one X-ray point source (SDSS J0858+1822, although it is unlikely to be an AGN), five triple mergers are likely composed of two X-ray point sources (NGC 3341, SDSS J1027+1749, SDSS J1631+2352, SDSS J1708+2153, and SDSS J2356−1016), and one system is composed of three X-ray point sources (SDSS J0849+1114). By fitting the individual X-ray spectra of each point source, we analyze the 2−7 keV luminosities, as well as the levels of obscuration associated with each potential AGN. We find that 4/5 dual X-ray point-source systems have primary and secondary point sources with bright X-ray luminosities (L
2−7kev > 1040 erg s−1), possibly associated with four new undetected dual AGNs. The dual and triple-point-source systems are found to have physical separations between 3 and 9 kpc and flux ratios between 2 × 10−3 and  0.84. A multiwavelength analysis to determine the origin of the X-ray point sources discovered in this work is presented in our companion paper (Foord et al. 2020c).
Transient Formation of C2 and CN in the Near-maximum Phase of Nova Cas 2020(=V1391 Cas)
Authors: Fujii M. , Arai A. , Kawakita H.
Published: February 2021

Nova Cas 2020 was a second example of a classical nova forming both C2 and CN molecules during its near-maximum phase. The formation C2 and CN is indicative of the carbon-rich (C/O > 1) gas envelope of the nova. Our low-resolution spectroscopic observations in the optical from UT 2020 July 31 to August 19 revealed the appearance and the disappearance of the molecular absorption bands of C2 and CN in Nova Cas 2020. These molecules were present during ∼3 days only. Based on analysis of the C2 Swan band profiles, C2 (and probably CN also) formed at ∼5000 K in the nova envelope (see ∼8000 K for typical novae at their visual brightness maxima). Spectral evolution and the formation conditions of the molecules are similar to those of V2676 Oph, which is the first example of a C2/CN-forming nova. We predict that a late-phase grain formation episode similar to that seen in V2676 Oph will occur in Nova Cas 2020.
Transect sampling promotes higher detection rates compared to discrete sampling for environmental DNA applications
Authors: Sanches Thiago
Published: February 2021

The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) to monitor species in aquatic environments has rapidly increased over the past decade. eDNA has consistently outperformed other methods of detection, yet eDNA relies on an indirect measure to estimate the real distribution of a species. Therefore, understanding the environmental factors that disperse eDNA is of major importance. Here we modeled the use of transect sampling for eDNA studies and also model the impact of river advection on detection radius and the expected probability of detection. Our model suggests that transect sampling: 1) increases the detection probability for both rare and common species, thus reducing the frequency of false negatives, 2) diminishes the standard deviation of the detection probability, which in most cases means higher reproducibility of eDNA studies, 3) better estimates systemwide trends of fish population distinguishing zones of multiple fishes from zones where few fishes are present, and 4) diminishes the effects of eddies and river velocity on the detection probability and detection radius. We propose the use of transect sampling as an alternative method of eDNA sampling with benefits that surpass the disadvantages of not being able to pinpoint the exact fish location. Our model also suggests that even short transects (less than 100 m) can yield considerable benefits compared to point sampling.
Differences in Healthcare Transition Views, Practices, and Barriers Among North American Pediatric Rheumatology Clinicians From 2010 to 2018
Authors: Johnson Kiana R. , Edens Cuoghi , Sadun Rebecca E. , Chira Peter , Hersh Aimee O. , Goh Y. Ingrid , Hui-Yuen Joyce , Singer Nora G. , Spiegel Lynn R. , Stinson Jennifer N. , White Patience H. , Lawson Erica
Published: February 2021

Objective

Since 2010, the rheumatology community has developed guidelines and tools to improve healthcare transition. In this study, we aimed to compare current transition practices and beliefs among Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) rheumatology providers with transition practices from a provider survey published in 2010.

Methods

In 2018, CARRA members completed a 25-item online survey about healthcare transition. Got Transition’s Current Assessment of Health Care Transition Activities was used to measure clinical transition processes on a scale of 1 (basic) to 4 (comprehensive). Bivariate analyses were used to compare 2010 and 2018 survey findings.

Results

Over half of CARRA members completed the survey (202/396), including pediatric rheumatologists, adult- and pediatric-trained rheumatologists, pediatric rheumatology fellows, and advanced practice providers. The most common target age to begin transition planning was 15–17 years (49%). Most providers transferred patients prior to age 21 years (75%). Few providers used the American College of Rheumatology transition tools (31%) or have a dedicated transition clinic (23%). Only 17% had a transition policy in place, and 63% did not consistently address healthcare transition with patients. When compared to the 2010 survey, improvement was noted in 3 of 12 transition barriers: availability of adult primary care providers, availability of adult rheumatologists, and pediatric staff transition knowledge and skills (P < 0.001 for each). Nevertheless, the mean current assessment score was < 2 for each measurement.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates improvement in certain transition barriers and practices since 2010, although implementation of structured transition processes remains inconsistent.
Current Smoking Negatively Affects the Response to Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Dose-responsive Way, Independently of Concomitant Prednisone Use
Authors: Safy-Khan Mary , de Hair Maria J.H. , Welsing Paco M.J. , van Laar Jacob M. , Jacobs Johannes W.G.
Published: February 2021

Objective

Current smoking reduces clinical response to several disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. It is unknown if this is also the case for prednisone. We aimed to determine whether current smoking affects the clinical response to concomitant prednisone in a methotrexate (MTX)-based treatment strategy.

Methods

In the CAMERA-II trial (isrctn.com identifier: 70365169), patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiated an MTX-based strategy and were randomized to concomitant prednisone (MTX + pred) or placebo (MTX + PBO) for 24 months. Linear mixed modeling was performed with Disease Activity Score assessing 28 joints (DAS28) as the dependent variable, and strategy group and current smoking status as independent variables, correcting for relevant covariates. The interaction between current smoking and strategy was tested to find out whether the effect of current smoking on clinical response was different between the strategy groups with prednisone or PBO.

Results

Current smoking was significantly associated with higher DAS28 over time (mean difference with nonsmokers 0.57 [95% CI 0.22–0.92, P < 0.01]). This association was not different between the strategy groups with prednisone or PBO (P = 0.73). The negative effect of current smoking on DAS28 was dose dependent.

Conclusion

Current smoking in patients with early RA significantly reduces the clinical effect of an MTX-based strategy, independent of whether concomitant prednisone is used. This effect is dose dependent.
Changes in the Skuta Glacier (southeastern Alps) assessed using non-metric images
Authors: Triglav Čekada Mihaela , Barbo Patricija , Pavšek Miha , Zorn Matija
Published: February 2021

The Skuta Glacier in the Kamnik–Savinja Alps (in northern Slovenia) is one of the two remaining glaciers in Slovenia. It is located in a cirque oriented toward the northwest, which shields it from sunlight for most of the year. The glacier lies at an average elevation of 2070m. In recent years, its average area has measured around 1.5 hectares. Monitoring of the glacier has been performed since 1946. In 1962, regular photographing of the glacier with various cameras started from various non-fixed standpoints. Using the single image interactive orientation acquisition method, in which a single photograph is compared with the projection of a modern digital terrain model, seventeen photographs covering the period from 1970 to 2015 were used to acquire the 3D-perimeters of the glacier. The data shows that the elevation of glacier’s upper edge decreased by approximately 40m in the last half-century. Changes in the glacier’s area and average upper edge elevation were compared with average annual temperature and maximum seasonal snow cover depth.
Small glaciers in the Dinaric Mountains after eight years of observation: On the verge of extinction?
Authors: Gachev Emil Mariov
Published: February 2021

This study presents results from regular observation of permanent and summer-persisting firn-ice bodies in the highest parts of the Dinaric Alps. The sizes of six small glaciers and two snow patches on the Prokletije Massif (in Albania) and the Durmitor Massif (in Montenegro) were measured from 2011 to 2018. In recent years, specific cycles of interannual behavior have been observed: a year of considerable snow accumulation (a »recharge« phase), followed by two to four years of gradual decrease (a »wastage« phase). At present, the small glaciers studied exist in unbalanced conditions, which in the long term may lead to their degradation. Progressive warming makes short-term cycle minimums increasingly severe. Their retreat after the summer of 2017 was probably the most pronounced since the Little Ice Age, and small glaciers are on the verge of extinction.
Sustainable Heritage Tourism Through Gullah Geechee Musical Performance
Authors: Shaw Melanie , Shaw III Paul A.
Published: February 2021

The Gullah Geechee people originally came to the United States as enslaved Africans from the coast of West Africa. Because of harsh conditions along the sea islands, spanning from North Carolina to Florida, the enslaved were often left to work the land while plantation owners retreated to less hostile, inland environments. As a result, many Gullah Geechee cultural, linguistic, and artistic practices remained intact. Today, there is interest in preserving these rich traditions. Because of environmental and cultural threats, preservation efforts must focus on sustainability. This qualitative, critical theory research includes interviews with musical performers from the sea islands and details their perceptions of the role music plays in sustainable heritage tourism. The researchers explored if music performance could be used to promote preservation locally, through tourism to cultural corridor sites, and globally, through touring musical acts. Participants urged caution with traditional tourism models and emphasized the role of younger generations in preserving Gullah Geechee music.
Of the Land, for the Land, and by the Land
Authors: Mishra Sheelpa
Published: February 2021

Land is a promising asset that acts as a stimulus for indigenous people to act and respond within their natural limits. The natives enjoy great kinship with the land. They deem the land as one with the humankind: a living, breathing, and thinking being. They believe that they live under the constant protection of the green produce of the land and they ought to protect it in return as it plays a key role in determining the possibility of survival of the tribal community. Any attempt at enforced displacement, tribal eviction, land encroachment, land diversion, or land alienation leads to disintegration of the tribal community. Trespassers trying to dispossess the aboriginals of their land not only impact the indigenous ethnic formations but also affect the ecological balance. The chapter provides an incisive sociological scrutiny to trace the origin of the pressing crisis of tribal land alienation, by adopting Gopinath Mohanty's Paraja as a case study, to understand its catastrophic repercussions on the forest communities and the natural habitat.
Settler Colonialism and the Capricious Seizure of Unwanted Land, or How the Huni Kuin were Expelled From Plácido de Castro, Acre, Brazil
Authors: Messina Marcello , Souza Jairo de Araújo
Published: February 2021

Situated in the Mesoregion of the Acre River, Plácido de Castro is a small municipality in the Brazilian state of Acre. In 2015, with the consent of the authorities, a group of people of Huni Kuin ethnicity occupied an abandoned, state-owned piece of land in the municipal territory, namely, the Parque Ecológico. For two years, the Huni Kuin group has lived in the Parque Ecológico, decontaminating and revalorising the land. Afterwards the Huni Kuin have been gradually dispossessed of the occupied land via various coercive actions, some of which were backed by the authorities. In this paper, the authors draw upon media releases as well as an interview with Hunk Kuin cacique Mapu, in order to signify the events in terms of a violent performance of settler colonialism in the face of the legitimate reclamation of Indigenous sovereignty over Brazilian land. In particular, they look at the ways in which political authorities, police forces, social services, and the broader non-Indigenous society unanimously cooperate towards the total effacement of Indigenous bodies, communities, and subjectivities from the land.
Novel Approaches in Herbal Formulations
Authors: Rane Bhushan Rajendra , Patil Aishwarya Keshav , Keservani Raj K. , Jain Ashish S , Kesharwani Rajesh Kumar
Published: February 2021

Herbal medications have restorative potential, which can be given through different advantageous medication conveyance frameworks. Utilizing the bioactive and plant extricates, the assortment of novel natural details like polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, phytosomes, nanoemulsions, microsphere, transfersomes, and ethosomes are accounted for. The chapter features the novel methodologies of natural detailing and condenses their strategy for planning and use of novel home-grown definition to accomplish better helpful reaction.
Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Flavonoids as Anticancer Drugs Through Novel Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Basu Anamika
Published: February 2021

Flavonoids are a group of heterocyclic compounds that are well-known for their anti-cancer activity. Fruits and vegetables are the main dietary sources of flavonoids. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the effect of flavonoids to combat cancer. But before considering the flavonoids as chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer, a number of problems still need to be addressed before their therapeutic uses. Solubility may play a major role in the therapeutic efficacy of flavonoids. Bioavailability of flavonoids are also affected by several other factors. Nanotechnology is the most efficient tool to solve the problems of solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery has several benefits compared to the traditional drug delivery systems. Different types of nano delivery systems are used for producing nanomedicines such as lipid-based nanomedicines, polymer-based nanomedicines, and inorganic nanoparticles. Different types of flavonoids encapsulated nanoparticles have been developed to improve their effectiveness against different types of cancer.
Strategic Decision Making
Authors: Kamal Anju
Published: February 2021

Digital technologies are changing the nature of work. Through a case, this study demonstrates the adoption of new forms of work in an organization. The HR department of the information technology firm XYZ often finds it a challenge to place resources with the right technical skill set in their projects within the timeframe specified by the clients. The fact that most skilled workers would retire in the next 10 years posed a different issue. The production of error free monthly reports of resource allocations was another challenge. Drawing from ecology theory, this study expands existing theories of strategic decision making in the context of innovation adoption. The study contends that the innovation of platform sourcing by creating a sustained competitive advantage can solve the challenges. The study adopts the lens of work design to understand the effect of technology on individual outcomes and support the implementation of the innovation.
Setting Sail in High Seas Amidst Troubled Waters
Authors: Das Jhilmil
Published: February 2021

In this era of incessant turbulence and upheavals, organizations are bound to remain resilient and agile in order to sustain in such challenging scenarios. The study narrates the crises faced by a premier Indian shipyard which suffered a major setback due to the massive squall, leading to grounding of one of its major infrastructures. The case depicts the dilemma faced by the shipyard in the wake of the crises and the subsequent disposition of leadership, resilience, and commitment exhibited by its protagonist leader, who remains undeterred in the face of adversity and took it in his stride to answer the call of duty in order to rebuild the shipyard for a better tomorrow. This chapter highlights various tenets of transformational leadership emanating out of the burgeoning crisis based on the contingency theory of leadership. The study aims to uniquely contribute to the field of academics as well as practice through deliberative approach in understanding the nature of crisis and impact of the crisis management on HRM and leadership competencies required to handle crisis situations.
Emergency in the ER
Authors: Lewis Vance Johnson , Eliot Jason L.
Published: February 2021

Like many healthcare providers, Shepherd's Grace Hospital struggles to appropriately staff their Emergency Room. Electing to follow employment trends, the hospital has engaged with a staffing agency for four traveling nurses. The purpose of this case is to explore the challenges of bringing contingent workers into an organization and how these short-term employees are viewed by the others more permanently embedded in the organization and the community. Also of importance is how social and psychological capital develop within an organization and how these roles can conflict when translated into a leadership role. This case follows four days of events for a traveling nurse, a traditional nurse, the Director of Nursing Services, the Director of Human Resources at the fictional Shepherd's Grace Hospital in the real city of Little Rock, AR. Upon conclusion, readers are asked to analyze the actions of these four characters along with the interactions of their circumstances (personal, professional, and geographic) to make decisions for how the hospital should move forward.
Role of Kenya Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Council (KENTTEC) in Control of African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT)/Nagana
Authors: Gamba Daniel O. , Olet Pamela Akinyi , Maichomo Monicah W. , Korir Sylvia Muthama , Kiteto Isaiah Ndaburu
Published: February 2021

The role of the Kenya Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Council (KENTTEC) in the control of animal trypanosomiasis is premised on the fact that a large proportion of animal trypanosomiasis in Kenya is tsetse transmitted. Tsetse distribution in Kenya is characterized by eight discontinuous belts defined by topographical, environmental and land-use. KENTTEC's strategy for control of African animal trypanosomiasis is based on use of community-based organizations for spraying of livestock, control of the vector using various devices such as targets and traps, and development of strategies and policies for use of land after the intervention. The council has developed linkage with research institutions for adaptive and operational research. The council has initiated the development of national atlas by mapping tsetse and animal trypanosomiasis distribution in collaboration with stakeholders at the national, regional, and international levels.
Bovine Anaplasmosis and Control
Authors: Waruri Sebastian Kironji , Wanjohi James Muriuki , Khaluhi Leonard , Gichuhi Sam Ndungu , Mungube Erick O.
Published: February 2021

Bovine anaplasmosis is one of the most important tick borne diseases of ruminants worldwide causing significant economic losses in the livestock industries due to the high morbidity and mortality in susceptible cattle herds. Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, is an infectious but non-contagious disease. The mode of transmission of bovine anaplasmosis includes mechanical (blood contaminated fomites (needles, ear tagging, dehorning and castration equipment), biological (tick bites) and transplacental (mother to fetus). Bovine Anaplasmosis occurs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Cattle of all ages are susceptible to infection with A. marginale, but the severity of disease increases with age. The common clinical sign of bovine anaplsmosis includes; fever, anorexia, rapid loss of body condition, severe decrease in milk production, pale and icteric mucous membranes, increased heart and respiratory rates, muscle weakness and depression. Diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis can be made by demonstration of A. marginale on stained blood smears from clinically infected animals during the acute phase of the disease, but it is not reliable for detecting infection in pre-symptomatic or carrier animals. Instead, serological demonstration of antibodies and confirmation of antigen with molecular detection tools are used for diagnosis. Anaplasmosis can be treated by administration of oxytetracyclines, however oxytetracyclines do not clear the parasite from carrier animals. Control measures for bovine anaplasmosis vary with geographical location and include maintenance of Anaplasma free herds, vector control, administration of antibiotics and vaccination. Intensive acaridae application to control ticks has a number of limitations, therefore, immunization together with strategic tick control is recommended for exotic and crossbred cattle. Further studies on epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis is needed
Bovine Babesioses and Control
Authors: Khaluhi Leonard Muchenditsi , Mungube Erick Ouma , Wanjohi James M. , Waruri Sebastian K.
Published: February 2021

Bovine babesiosis is considered one of the most economically important tick-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical areas. Thus, it is important to understand the disease in terms causative agent, vectors, hosts, and distribution. Babesia is the causative agent of the disease and has a life cycle both in the invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. The major bovine species are B. bovis, B. bigemina, found in the tropics and sub tropics while B. divergens and B. major are found in the temperate regions. Bovine babesiosis is transmitted by the one-host cattle ticks, formerly in the genus Boophilus and now Rhipicephalus. In endemic areas are tick management, immunization, and anti-babesia drugs or by a combination. Chemotherapy is important for controlling the disease either to treat field cases or to control artificially induced infections. Conventional drugs for treating bovine babesiosis are Imidocarb dipropionate and Diminazene aceturate. Ticks are controlled by application of acaricides, but tick resistance and environmental pollution are drawbacks.
Canine Ehrlichiosis in Africa
Authors: Nzalawahe Jahashi Saidi , Komba Erick . V. G. , Lupindu Athumani Msalale , Materu Adrian Evance , Katakweba Abdul S. , Mnyone Ladslaus L.
Published: February 2021

Canine ehrlichiosis is an infection of canids causing a clinical disease in domestic dogs and asymptomatic infections in wild canids. Currently, the disease assumes a cosmopolitan distribution. This chapter summarises published information on the disease from across Africa. Some studies were able to demonstrate experimental infections in these canids. Different diagnostic methods, cell culture, direct microscopy, serology, hematology, and molecular methods were employed in different studies for detection of ehrlichiosis. Treatment of the disease mainly involved use of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, imidocarb disproportionate, and levamisole. In severe cases, management has involved administration of supportive therapy such as blood transfusion. Generally, though available, the information on different aspects of the disease in the Africa is scant and fragmented. There is still a need to generate more information on the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical aspects, and treatment of the disease.
Control of African Swine Fever and Avian Spirochaetosis
Authors: Inyagwa Charles Muleke , Mungube Erick O.
Published: February 2021

Ticks are distributed worldwide and have an enormous medical and veterinary importance owing to the direct damage they cause and indirectly as vectors of a large variety of human and animal pathogens. The family Argasidae (soft ticks) comprises five genera and with about 193 species. Among all the argasid ticks, only four Argas and two Ornithodoros species are competent to transmit diseases. This chapter describes the various ticks of the argasidae family, diseases they transmit, and strategies for their control. A description of the two important genera, Ornithodorus and Argas, that belong to the family argasidae are provided. Emphasis is on the mammalian hosts affected, tick species involved, morphological features (with relevant pictorials), geographic distribution, life cycle, and economic importance. A detailed description of the two most important diseases transmitted by argasidae ticks namely African swine fever (ASF) and avian spirochaetosis is given. Emphasis is laid on the historical background, epidemiology, clinical signs, and strategies for their control.
Understanding the Investment Behavior of Individual Investors
Authors: Bilgin Yavuz , Camgoz Selin Metin , Karan Mehmet Baha , Yildiz Yilmaz
Published: February 2021

The FOREX market has become a popular ground amongst all kinds of market players. The leverage transactions of the market that may generate higher profit levels with low capital/investments make it very attractive for the individual risk takers. The research investigates the trading behavior of FOREX investors relying on the survey data collected from 167 Turkish investors in 2019. Within the scope of the research, the authors evaluate whether and to what extent behavioral factors, namely demographic characteristics; personal characteristics such as personality traits, love of money, and biases like disposition effect influence investment performance. The results reveal that among the personality traits, openness to experience and conscientiousness have a positive impact while disposition effect and love of money have a negative impact on the performance of investors. Additional analysis suggests that the effects of personality traits and biases on trading performance remarkably change among subgroups of investors regarding their income level.
Trust and Household Portfolios
Authors: Lubian Diego
Published: February 2021

This article provides empirical evidence on the existence and the extent of the influence of trust in financial decisions using individual data on Italian households from the Survey on Household Income and Wealth, 2010. This article studies the relationship between, trust in people, trust in banks and more detailed previously unexplored dimensions of trust, and household financial portfolio decisions. The article provides empirical evidence that trust in people and trust in banks affect both participation in financial markets, the share of risky assets and the diversification of the financial portfolio, controlling socio-demographic factors, risk aversion, and financial literacy as well. The article finds that trust is important for individuals with a lower level of education who have limited possibilities to acquire and process information on financial markets need to rely in trustworthy relationship to define their financial portfolio. Further, we present evidence that the main channel by which trust affects financial decision making and determines too little participation, a lower share of risky assets in the financial wealth and poorly diversified portfolios is trust in family and friends.
Individual Factors Affecting the Participation of Turkish People in the New Individual Pension System
Authors: Aksoy Emine Ebru
Published: February 2021

In Turkey, the first step of the individual pension system was based on volunteerism, but the voluntary system resulted in limited participation. Thus, the second step of the system has started to be implemented mandatorily since 2017, and participants were allowed to opt-out the system within two months. More than half of participants in the system preferred to leave the system. Therefore, this study aims to examine individual factors affecting their decision of staying in this system. A survey study was conducted with 374 people selected using the random sampling method. As a result of the study, a positive relationship was found only between the dependent variable and gender, but a significant relationship was determined only between the dependent variable and education level. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that if the system will need to be improved, the low-performing fund management of the new individual pension system should be re-audited, and the confidence in the system should be increased in this way.
Ethnicity and Household Savings in Indonesia
Authors: Ajija Shochrul Rohmatul , Abduh Muhamad , Wasiaturrahma Wasiaturrahma , Hudaifah Ahmad
Published: February 2021

Household saving is very important, not only for securing the future spending of the family but also for the country's economy. Using the logit analysis on data of The Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave three, four, and five, this chapter analyzes factors influencing, especially the role of ethnicity, upon the household savings in Indonesia. The result indicates that gender, location, and level of education are the consistent variables affecting the household saving behaviour in Indonesia across the three wave surveys. Meanwhile, as for the ethnic group variable, there are only Sunda, Batak, and Bima-Dompu that can significantly influence the people's saving behavior across the three wave surveys.
Financial Behavior of Russian Population under Crisis Phenomena
Authors: Nadezhda Krasovskaya , Elena Danilova , Larisa Zamuraeva
Published: February 2021

Basing on the analysis of contemporary literature sources, the category “financial behavior of population” is defined. Analysis of the factors influencing financial behavior of households under the conditions of ongoing crisis is carried out. Our quantitative study was carried out to identify the motives behind the financial strategy and the reasons limiting the financial behavior of population. Trends in the use of monetary incomes by population have been revealed, dynamics of the structure and the volume of savings has been shown. Transformations of financial strategies of households during the crisis are also demonstrated. A typology of households was developed according to the criterion of money management depending on sociodemographic characteristics, taking into account the age of the respondents, their financial standing and also their lifestyle. The purpose of this study is to determine the contents, the structure, characteristics, dynamics and other factors of financial behavior of a mass actor on the example of the Tyumen region.
The Nexus Between FinTech Adoption and Financial Inclusion
Authors: Moufakkir Marouane , Mohammed Qmichchou
Published: February 2021

Notwithstanding the increase of using and adopting FinTech all over the world by users who prefer managing their lives through digital channels, including financial and banking services, a large number of customers are still using the classic financial services, or even ignore the existence of such financial technologies. The aim of this chapter is to underline the concept of FinTech, a technological innovation in the financial field. Indeed, several theories and models has tried to explained the factors of adopting an innovation. Besides the theoretical framework of innovation, FinTech has to pass through different business models to attain the maturity as a successful pure player actor. Accordingly, the overall purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the financial technologies use evolution, as a business model, and to highlight how FinTech contribute to enhance the financial and social inclusion, by providing convenient and accurate digital financial services (DFS) to the excluded population.
Financing Millennials in Developing Economies
Authors: Amezcua Bernardo , De la Peña Alicia , Briseño Arturo , Sánchez-Aldape Alfredo , Saucedo-Soto Juana María , Hernández-Bonilla Alicia
Published: February 2021

Young millennials (i.e., 18 to 24 years old) are not a primary market for the traditional banking system, especially in emerging economies. Despite the fact that almost 30% of college students have partial jobs, economic resources are limited and access to finance seems utopic. Banking services throughout the world but especially in growing economies do not fully serve students because of their lack of resources. Whether to pay for college studies or clothing, dinner or a weekend vacation, young millennials do not expect to receive banking credit from the big bank brands. In fact, this market segment is served by the retail industry with their own credit programs and financial services. In this chapter, the authors explore how young millennials have access to savings and credit, their spending behavior, their attitudes towards traditional sources of finance, and their financial inclusion and literacy. They also conducted an empirical exploratory study among college students in Mexico to hear firsthand how they managed their finances.
Islamic Financial Inclusion
Authors: Uddin S. M. Sohrab , Abedin Mohammad Zoynul , Afroz Nahid
Published: February 2021

Financial Inclusion (FI), a global concern of this decade, has been accepted by development agencies, governments, and policymakers as one of the pre-eminent ways to eradicate worldwide poverty and income inequality. Consequently, authorities are looking for possible ways to include the unbanked in formal financial chain. Islamic finance, specifically Islamic banking, with its welfare-oriented principles and unique products, has been able to capture the attention of policy makers. Moreover, a major portion of the Muslim population still exclude themselves from the formal financial chain due to religious prohibition of interest-based transactions for whom Islamic finance is the only way to inclusion. Bangladesh, one of the major Muslim countries in the world, is still to bring one-fourth of its total population under formal financial chain. At this backdrop, this chapter examines the empirical contribution of Islamic banking sector in financial inclusion condition as well as development scenario of Bangladesh.
Role of Microfinance in Financial Inclusion in India
Authors: Malhotra Madhuri
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to critically evaluate the status of microfinance in India, the types, characteristics, and modes of operation of MFIs. It also highlights the main differences between commercial baking and microfinance institutions and examines the extent to which banks fulfill financial requirements and of whom? This chapter presents a linkage among microfinance institutions, financial inclusion, and economic development on a country. The study reveals that MFIs contribute in the upliftment of the society leading to economic benefit to the country as a whole. It makes the reader realize the importance of microfinance in the economic development of a country which cannot be realized just by uplifting the structured and most sophisticated banking sector. Handholding of the poor and rural population is required in order to accelerate the process of financial inclusion and thereby reaching the goal of economic development.
The Role of Financial Inclusion
Authors: Basdas Ulkem
Published: February 2021

This chapter highlights the importance of financial education, its link with financial decision-making process, comparative status of different countries, and efforts to improve current situation. Unfortunately, there is no standard definition for neither financial education nor measures to quantify it. Therefore, this chapter first aims to provide a comprehensive definition in order to explain how financial knowledge affects the decision-making process. Then, financial literacy measures from previous studies over different countries would be discussed to show financial illiteracy problem is global. Lastly, solutions and recommendations would be discussed at three different levels: younger people, individuals, and national strategies.
The Economic and Social Value of Financial Literacy
Authors: Sánchez Santos José Manuel
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this chapter is to provide new insights into the economic and social value that financial literacy has for individuals and societies. Financial literacy has implications that are relevant both at a micro (especially for households) and macro-level (for the financial system and for the national economy as a whole). On the one hand, a lack of financial literacy put households a risk from making sub-optimal financial decisions and prevent them to maximize their wellbeing. On the other hand, financial literacy favors a better allocation of resources, reduces the risks associated with episodes of financial instability, and therefore, contributes to the increase of social welfare. The analysis and the empirical evidence showing the benefits (costs) of financial literacy (illiteracy) allows to conclude that policymakers have a key role to play implementing initiatives aiming to improve financial literacy of the population at all stages of life.
Collaborative Finance and Its Hurdles to Overcome
Authors: Ruiz-Dotras Elisabet , Mitręga-Niestrój Krystyna
Published: February 2021

Using survey data from an online Spanish university, real and perceived financial literacy levels, social interactions and personal trust with the social network are measured as key elements for collaborative finance development. This is the first study regarding the factors that may affect the use of collaborative finance. Results show levels of financial literacy are quiet low as in prior studies and individuals consider that the bank manager, friends, and parents can manage financial issues better than them, with the last two peers being those who most trust to discuss financial issues. The findings also provide information about how little individuals trust online networks when it comes to financial matters. Besides, respondents interact moderately with their social network missing the benefits of peer-to-peer learning. Overall, lack of financial literacy, low social interaction, and personal trust may be affecting the short use of collaborative financial services.
Pocket Cartoons
Authors: Khoo Yin Yin , Fitzgerald Robert
Published: February 2021

This study examines the impact of using cartoons shared through mobile devices to promote awareness and to aid in the development of financial literacy among Economics students in Malaysia. The study also investigates the use of these ‘mobile cartoons' to develop students' communication skills. The study involved a quasi-experimental methodology investigating the learning outcomes of 91 undergraduate students. Data was acquired through surveys and interviews. The results showed a higher mean for the experimental group (Mobile Learning Collaborative) than the control group (Conventional Collaborative). Future research may focus on the improvement in the design of the intervention with a particular focus on expanding the range of cartoon characters.
DADEM
Authors: Ahmed Hassan I. , Nasr Abdurrahman A. , Abdel-Mageid Salah M. , Aslan Heba K.
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) is considered as part our lives and it includes different aspects - from wearable devices to smart devices used in military applications. IoT connects a variety of devices and as such, the generated data is considered as ‘Big Data'. There has however been an increase in attacks in this era of IoT since IoT carries crucial information regarding banking, environmental, geographical, medical, and other aspects of the daily lives of humans. In this paper, a Distributed Attack Detection Model (DADEM) that combines two techniques - Deep Learning and Big Data analytics - is proposed. Sequential Deep Learning model is chosen as a classification engine for the distributed processing model after testing its classification accuracy against other classification algorithms like logistic regression, KNN, ID3 decision tree, CART, and SVM. Results showed that Sequential Deep Learning model outperforms the aforementioned ones. The classification accuracy of DADEM approaches 99.64% and 99.98% for the UNSW-NB15 and BoT-IoT datasets, respectively. Moreover, a plan is proposed for optimizing the proposed model to reduce the overhead of the overall system operation in a constrained environment like IoT.
Design, Measurements, and Analysis of Enhanced Bandwidth UWB
Authors: Singh Raghvendra , Ray Kanad , Yupapin Preecha , Ali Jalil
Published: February 2021

Ambient computing enabled for body area networks have received much consideration over the past couple of years due to its applications in biomedical, healthcare monitoring, and military systems. Such systems are attracting users in other applications like gaming, fitness, sports, and other life style tools. The fast-moving lifestyle of people impelled them in a situation of less consideration of their health and sports, and it generated the need of healthcare monitoring and tracking devices. Advances in wireless technology and embedded technology have generated keen interest in antenna, mounted on or around the body to transmit or receive the vital data of human body to on-body or off-body systems. The proposed antenna is for the use in wireless body area network (WBAN), in UWB frequency range 3.1 GHz.-10.6 GHz. Enhanced bandwidth ultra wideband (EB-UWB) patch antenna consists of the dimensions 30 mm×27 mm×1.6 mm. The prototype is fabricated and tested in free space and on-body scenario.
Approach Towards Non-Invasive Blood Type Method by Studying Optical Properties of RBC Using Double Beam Spectroscopy
Authors: Patel Rishi Nailesh , Vallabhdas Makvana Mohit , Suratwala Safina Sahil , Patel Himanshu A. , Parikh Palak
Published: February 2021

In India, more than 38,000 blood donations are needed every day, and a total of 30 million blood components are transfused each year. Blood type matching is crucial for blood transfusion and blood donation. The conventional method uses blood slides, pricking needles, and blood typing kit, and takes about 15 minutes for deciding the blood group. However, in case of emergency, it is time-consuming to determine blood type using the conventional method of reagents. At blood donation camps, it is a tedious job to determine the blood group of every donor using the blood typing kit. Pricking needles and slides used can also cause infection to the person performing these tests. The main motive is to replace this tedious and time-consuming method with a non-invasive accurate and reagent free method, using an optimum wavelength light source, photo-detectors, and controller unit for decision making of blood type from output mapping or intensity matching of the scattered and transmitted wavelength from the source to detector.
Design of Low-Cost Solar Parabolic Through Steam Sterilization
Authors: Sharma N. K. , Mishra Ashok Kumar , Rajgopal P.
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study is to develop a low cost solar parabolic trough that can be used for steam sterilization of medical instruments in small clinics where electricity is scarce and expensive. On the basis of theoretical concepts of parabola and focus-balanced parabola, the assembly of ribs and reflector sheet with evacuated tube and heat pipe has been done. The parabolic trough has been mounted on a trolley so that it can be moved easily according to direction of sun light. The designed solar parabolic trough was integrated with pressure cooker under various setups and experiments were conducted to test whether sterilization is taking place or not. To validate sterilization process, tests were also conducted by placing the infected medical instruments. The solar parabolic trough developed was able to generate and maintain steam at 121 degrees Celsius at pressure 15 psig (101.3 kN/m2) for 15 minutes. The solar parabolic trough developed was effective in sterilizing the medical instruments.
Development of Habitual Behaviour in Online Social Gaming
Authors: Jiang Nan , Kaur Manmeet , Adnan Mohd Muttaqin Bin Mohd , Turner Jason James , Goh See Kwong
Published: February 2021

Game habit and game addiction are distinguished in terms of psychological motivation, meaning, and a player's experience of gaming. The majority of contemporary studies address either the challenges or difficulties of particular habit formation often in the context of disciplined force or negative consequences of game addiction. Game habit does not necessarily imply game addiction. The objective of this study is to investigate the key antecedents of game habit formation using a quantitative study with 341 respondents collected in West Malaysia and analysed via structural equation modeling. The results demonstrate that game habit formation is formed more naturally with automatic control mechanisms, influenced by play intensity, flow experience, and self-efficacy, and the effect of play intensity towards game habit is interacted by network externality.
Knowledge Fusion Based on Cloud Computing Environment for Long-Term Care
Authors: Zhuang Kai-Xiang , Hsu I-Ching
Published: February 2021

Globally, aging is now a societal trend and challenge in many developed and developing countries. A key medical strategy that a fast-paced aging society must consider is the provision of quality long-term care (LTC) services. Even so, the lack of LTC caregivers is a persistent global problem. Herein, attention is called to the increasing need for identifying appropriate LTC caregivers and delivering client-specific LTC services to the elderly via emerging and integrative technologies. This paper argues for the use of an intelligent cloud computing long-term care platform (ICCLCP) that integrates statistical analysis, machine learning, and Semantic Web technologies into a cloud-computing environment to facilitate LTC services delivery. The Term frequency-inverse document frequency is a numerical statistic adopted to automatically assess the professionalism of each LTC caregiver's services. The machine learning method adopts naïve Bayes classifier to estimate the LTC services needed for the elderly. These two items of LTC information are integrated with the Semantic Web to provide an intelligent LTC framework. The deployed ICCLCP will then aid the elderly in the recommendation of LTC caregivers, thereby making the best use of available resources for LTC services.