bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Oxide Nanoribbon Supported Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles as High‐Performance Bifunctional Catalysts for Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Liu Wencheng , Rui Kun , Ye Xiaoling , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Zhang Yu , Wang Mingyang , Lin Xiaoyu , Liu Benqing , Han Lei , Sun Yu , Ning Yafei , Zhang Shilin , Li Hu , Lu Yan
Published: March 2024

Developing high‐performance, high‐stability, and low‐cost nonprecious metal catalysts to enhance the performance of zinc–air batteries (ZABs) holds significant importance. A bifunctional catalyst consisting of cobalt oxide (CoO) nanocrystals on nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons (N‐rGONR) as a novel substrate is successfully synthesized in this work. This synthesized bifunctional catalyst exhibits mesoporous structure, and remarkable synergistic effects between CoO nanocrystals and N‐rGONR, demonstrating excellent activity and durability in both oxygen reduction reactions and oxygen evolution reactions. Notably, the resulting aqueous electrolyte ZABs show a high discharge peak power density of 196 mW cm−2, a high specific capacity of 615.9 mAh g−1, and long‐time stability for 648 h. Furthermore, the assembly of 1D and 2D flexible solid‐state ZABs fabricated using this bifunctional catalyst exhibits stable electrochemical performance, even under severe deformation. These results underscore the considerable promise of implementing the CoO@N‐rGONR catalyst structure in next‐generation advanced energy storage and conversion devices.
Preparation of cresyl diphenyl phosphate‐loaded halloysite nanotube composite and its flame retardancy in epoxy resin
Authors: Zhang Xiangliang , Zhang Yu , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Zhijun , Li Zhiwei
Published: March 2024

To address the shortcomings of poor thermal stability, easy migration, and over‐plasticization of the liquid organic phosphorus flame retardant, cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDP), we employed halloysite nanotube (HNT) as a carrier to load CDP, thus forming a novel composite (HNT‐CDP). The results demonstrated that the CDP loaded into HNT channels was 41 wt%. HNT‐CDP composites exhibited higher thermal stability, water resistance, and flame retardancy than mixtures of HNT and CDP in epoxy resin (EP). With a loading of 15 wt%, the limiting oxygen index of EP/HNT‐CDP increased to 48.3 and achieved a V‐0 rating in UL94 tests. Additionally, HNT‐CDP exhibited better inhibitory effects on the peak heat release rate and total heat release of EP, as well as a longer time to ignition, compared with the mixture. Moreover, as opposed to EP/HNT + CDP, EP/HNT‐CDP exhibited a significant 114.5% increase in tensile strength. These excellent thermal, water resistance, and mechanical properties can be primarily attributed to the loading of CDP by HNT channels. HNT effectively utilizes the channel confinement effect to isolate CDP from directly interacting with EP. The outstanding flame retardancy is mainly due to the synergistic effect between HNT and CDP after the formation of the composite.
Study on the property of self‐reactive colloidal dust suppressant and the synergistic dust suppressant mechanism
Authors: Lu Wei , Liu Liman , Li Jinliang , Chen Yunlong , Li Jinhu
Published: March 2024

The poor plasticity of coal results in a large amount of dust during the mining process, thereby posing a significant impact on mine safety and the health of workers. In order to address this issue, a method has been proposed to suppress dust by enhancing the plasticity of coal through injecting a reactive material, which forms a colloid within the coal. The results implicated that the self‐active colloidal dust suppressant, composed of sodium alginate, gluconolactone, calcium disodium EDTA, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, effectively improved the moisture content of coal seams and decreased the brittleness of coal. Scanning electron microscopy and specific surface area test revealed that the dust suppressant not only tightly adheres to the surface of the coal after the reaction, but also penetrates the coal pores and forms a colloid on both the inner and outer surfaces of the coal. The material is rich in carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, which forms hydrogen bonds with the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups present in coal. This interaction enhances the toughness of coal. Simultaneously, it has the ability to adsorb water and function as a moisturizer. The combined synergistic effect of these mechanisms fundamentally reduces dust production during the coal mining process.
Implementing virtual reality technology to teach medical college systemic anatomy: A pilot study
Authors: Liao Meng‐Lin , Yeh Chi‐Chuan , Lue June‐Horng , Chang Ming‐Fong
Published: March 2024

It can be difficult for some students to learn three‐dimensional anatomical structure concepts. While virtual reality (VR) systems have been reported as helpful for learning, there has been scarce research on either VR teaching strategies or the influence of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) in the context of large anatomy classes (i.e., over 100 students). The study thus aimed to (1) establish a VR anatomy instruction video for a large class; (2) determine how many students experience VIMS when watching a VR anatomy instruction video; (3) evaluate the influence of VIMS on VR anatomy video‐based learning; and (4) examine whether a small screen size alleviates VIMS. Laboratory course students viewing a VR anatomy instruction video about the vascular system were invited to participate in the questionnaire survey. Anatomy faculty and staff participated in an experimental trial to determine whether small screen size could alleviate VIMS. The Likert scale survey revealed that students reported the VR strategy as advantageous and appropriate for large classes, but that it cannot replace practical dissection. Of the total participants, 32% reported experiencing VIMS, and 40% of those experiencing VIMS agreed that this could negatively impact their learning through a VR anatomy instruction video. Adjusting the screen size from large to small significantly delayed the onset of VIMS. In conclusion, the VR anatomy instruction video strategy is feasible and helpful for large classes, but educators should consider VIMS when planning their use of this teaching approach.
Optimization of hematite nanoparticles from natural ore as novel imaging agents: A Green Chemistry approach
Authors: Asha Albert , Chamundeeswari Munusamy , Flora Rayappan Mary Nancy , Preethy Kuppusamy Ravichandran
Published: March 2024

In this research, we propose an environmentally friendly method for producing hematite nanoparticles (H‐NPs) from natural hematite ore, focusing on their application as efficient contrast agents in x‐ray and computed tomography (CT) imaging for medical purposes. The process involves the reduction of iron oxide within the ore to attain the desired hematite phase, crucial for synthesizing H‐NPs. To ensure sustainability, we adopted a Green Chemistry approach, utilizing a combination of carbon soot and limestone for the purification process, thereby achieving eco‐conscious production. The produced H‐NPs were thoroughly characterized using various analytical techniques, such as x‐ray fluorescence (XRF), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and FESEM‐EDX (field emission scanning electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy). XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline rhombohedral hexagonal lattice structure, while FT‐IR spectra indicated the presence of characteristic Fe–O stretching modes in line with the expected molecular composition. FESEM‐EDX imaging unveiled agglomerated particles, ranging in size from 54.6 to 149.9 nm for iron ore and 22 nm for H‐NPs. These particles were primarily composed of iron (Fe) and oxygen (O). The magnetic properties of the H‐NPs were investigated through vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) studies, highlighting their distinct ferromagnetic behavior. Of particular significance, the H‐NPs demonstrated exceptional performance as contrast agents in both x‐ray and CT imaging. Even at minimal concentrations, they exhibited remarkable x‐ray absorption capabilities. CT scans further validated their exceptional absorptive capacity. These findings emphasize the potential of H‐NPs as valuable assets in medical imaging, serving as sustainable tools for enhanced diagnostic applications. The study showcases an eco‐conscious approach to harnessing natural resources, paving the way for a greener and more effective utilization of H‐NPs in the medical imaging landscape.
A novel strategy for the quality control of carbonized Typhae pollen using colorimeter, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and efficacy evaluation coupled with multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Jiaqi Li , Min Tang , Yongqi Zhong , Xiaolong Li , Yuewei Ge , Shumei Wang , Shengwang Liang , Jiang Meng , Fei Sun
Published: March 2024

In this study, a novel quality control strategy was proposed, aiming to establish a multivariate specification for the processing step by exploring the correlation between colors, chemical components, and hemostatic effects of the carbonized Typhae pollen (CTP) using multivariate statistical analysis. The CTP samples were stir‐fried at different durations. Afterward, the colorimeter and LC–MS techniques were applied to characterize the CTP samples, followed by the determination of bleeding time and clotting time using mice to evaluate their hemostatic effect. Then, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and multi‐block partial least squares were used for data analysis on colors, chemical components, and their correlation with the hemostatic effect. Consequently, 13 critical quality attributes (CQAs) of CTP were identified via multivariate statistical analysis—L*, a*, b*, 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, 3‐hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin‐3‐O‐glucoside, azelaic acid, kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. The multivariate specification method involving the 13 CQAs was developed and visualized in the latent variable space of the partial least squares model, indicating that the proposed method was successfully applied to assess the quality of CTP and the degree of carbonization. Most importantly, this study offers a novel insight into the control of processing for carbonized Chinese herbal medicines.
Molecular Driving Forces in the Self‐Association of Silaffin Peptide R5 from MD Simulations
Authors: Mao Coco M. , Sampath Janani , Pfaendtner Jim
Published: March 2024

The 19‐residue silaffin‐R5 peptide has been widely studied for its ability to precipitate uniform SiO2 particles through mild temperature and pH pathways, in the absence of any organic solvents. There is consensus that post‐translational modification (PTM) of side chains has a large impact on the biomineralization process. Thus, it is imperative to understand the precise mechanisms that dictate the formation of SiO2 from R5 peptide, including the effects of PTM on peptide aggregation and peptide‐surface adsorption. In this work, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the aggregation of R5 dimer with multiple PTMs, with the presence of different ions in solution. Since this system has strong interactions with deep metastable states, we use parallel bias metadynamics with partitioned families to efficiently sample the different states of the system. We find that peptide aggregation is a prerequisite for biomineralization. We observe that the electrostatic interactions are essential in the R5 dimer aggregation; for wild type R5 that only has positively charged residues, phosphate ions HPO42− in the solution form a bridge between two peptides and are essential for peptide aggregation.
Transcriptome analysis suggests the role of expansin genes in the improved germination of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds after hydropriming
Authors: Catiempo Rose L. , Photchanachai Songsin , Powell Adrian F. , Strickler Susan R. , Wongs‐Aree Chalermchai
Published: March 2024

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is widely utilized for seed oil production. Priming seeds prior to sowing is a technique used to enhance the germination rate and uniformity of seedling growth. Priming times of 6 and 18 h were selected to be the optimal and extended durations, respectively. Three biological replicates per treatment were used for next‐generation sequencing via the Illumina platform. In this study, priming conditions decreased the time to 50% radicle emergence, implying earlier and more uniform germination without affecting the final germination percentage. Transcriptome analysis identified 6171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for 0–6 h, 7241 DEGs for 0–18 h, and 1527 DEGs for 6–18 h. The number of expressed DEGs during the early hours of priming exceeded those identified during the extended priming time, suggesting more metabolic processes were taking place in the earlier priming period. Noteworthy DEGs are related to stress responses, the biosynthesis of metabolites, and the activation of antioxidants and phytohormones. Moreover, these DEGs were significantly enriched in translation, metabolic processes, and biosynthesis for the priming times of 0–6 h and 0–18 h, whereas anaerobic respiration, detection of hypoxia, and lipid transport were differentially expressed between 6 and 18 h. Furthermore, expansin genes, namely, EXPA1, EXPA9, EXPA15, EXLA3, and EXP/Lol pI 3B GAG‐pre‐integrase domain, were significantly expressed. These expansins are cell wall‐loosening proteins that are involved in the processes of physiological development in higher plants, including seed germination. The data obtained in this study contribute toward deciphering the molecular mechanisms associated with seed priming in sunflower seeds.
Improving nitrogen content in the carboxylation and electron transfer component can boost the reproductive biomass of filmless cotton in arid areas
Authors: Li Nannan , Li Junhong , Shi Xiaojuan , Hao Xianzhe , Shi Feng , Wang Jun , Luo Honghai , Tian Liwen
Published: March 2024

Deep drip irrigation combined with high‐density planting is one of the most economical and effective ways to address residual film pollution. This study aimed to explore the photosynthetic potential of and achieve water‐saving and high‐yielding filmless cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by optimizing the irrigation amount. We analyzed the effect of source leaf activity on leaf nitrogen allocation and photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency (PNUE) under different irrigation amounts (mm, 375 (W5), 348 (W4), 320 (W3), 293 (W2), and 265 (W1)) in a 2‐year field experiment under this planting mode. The photosynthetic pigment content, leaf mass per area, and light compensation point all decreased with increasing amounts of irrigation, while the apparent quantum yield of photosynthesis, light saturation point, maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax), triose phosphate utilization rate (VTPU), nitrogen content in the electron transfer component (NB), and nitrogen content in the carboxylation component (NC) showed opposite trends. At the later full boll stage, the W3 and W4 treatments increased the leaf area of a whole plant (LA) by 10.4% and 19.4%, respectively, compared to that in the W1 treatment, while the PNUE increased by 20.2% and 20.8%, respectively, compared to that in the W5 treatment. In addition, principal component analysis found that the factor variables total nitrogen content in the photosynthetic apparatus (NT), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), light‐saturated net photosynthetic rate (Amax), NC, and Vcmax had higher loadings and were all positively correlated with PNUE; LA had a higher loading and was positively correlated with reproductive organ biomass. Therefore, we recommend using an irrigation rate of 320 mm in this cultivation system to increase nitrogen in carboxylation and electron transport components, enhance photosynthetic capacity, and thereby improve PNUE to increase reproductive organ biomass and reduce the irrigation amount in arid areas.
Impact of corporate social responsibility on employee green behavior: Role of green human resource management practices and employee green culture
Authors: Aukhoon Mubashir Ahmad , Iqbal Junaid , Parray Zahoor Ahmad
Published: March 2024

This study delved into the intricate relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee green behavior, with a specific focus on two critical factors: green human resource management practices and employee green culture. Through a meticulously designed research framework, 300 employees from the banking sector were randomly selected to ensure diverse representation. The empirical outcomes underscored the pivotal role of green human resource management practices as a mediator. These practices act as a bridge, enhancing the positive impact of CSR on employee green behavior. This underscores the significance of aligning human resource strategies with sustainability goals, thus elevating environmental awareness among employees. Employee green culture emerged as a substantial moderator. A nurturing organizational culture that encourages eco‐friendly behaviors significantly strengthened the connection between corporate social responsibility and green behavior among employees. This emphasizes the pivotal role of organizational culture in facilitating the successful implementation of CSR initiatives and fostering a sustainable corporate ethos.
Struggling to survive: A comparison of Vanessa cardui larval survivorship on putative host plants
Authors: Saldivar Jo'lene A. , Wilson‐Rankin Erin E.
Published: March 2024

The painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui) is a generalist herbivore with a global distribution. In North America, over 100 species have been identified as V. cardui larval host plants. This cosmopolitan species is commercially available in all life stages and can be reared on an artificial diet. As a result, V. cardui commonly serves as a model organism for education and outreach. However, gaps in our knowledge remain with regard to V. cardui ecology and larval host plant suitability for supporting complete development of larvae to reproductive adulthood. In a laboratory setting, we tested host plant suitability of five reported host plants commonly found in California sage scrub ecosystems by assessing survival of V. cardui caterpillars in its entirety. We also assessed how commercially sourced larvae survived on artificial diet: both raising the caterpillars exclusively on artificial diet as well as switching diets from artificial to thistle (a commonly reported host plant) and switching from thistle to artificial diet. We found that all commercially sourced caterpillars exhibited both high larval mortality and low pupation rates when reared on host plants, although larvae reared on Malacothamnus fasciculatus and Sphaeralcea ambigua survived longest. Moreover, M. fasciculatus and S. ambigua were the only host plants tested that supported successful pupation. This contrasted with 63% higher survival of wild‐collected larvae. Our findings suggest that commercially obtained V. cardui may struggle to utilize wild host plants and that future investigations into host plant suitability in wild populations are needed. Additionally, future research using commercial larvae should consider the implications for interpreting host plant suitability as larvae may exhibit adaptations to artificial diet or the loss of adaptation to consuming plant material.
Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and previous myocardial infarction: A participant‐level pooled analysis of DAPA‐HF and DELIVER
Authors: Peikert Alexander , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Claggett Brian L. , Kulac Ian J. , Foà Alberto , Desai Akshay S. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Carberry Jaclyn , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Martinez Felipe A. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Køber Lars , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Petersson Magnus , Langkilde Anna Maria , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D.
Published: March 2024

Aims

Patients with heart failure (HF) and history of myocardial infarction (MI) face a higher risk of disease progression and clinical events. Whether sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors may modify clinical trajectory in such individuals remains incompletely understood.

Methods and results

The DAPA‐HF and DELIVER trials compared dapagliflozin with placebo in patients with symptomatic HF with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% and > 40%, respectively. In this pooled participant‐level analysis, we assessed efficacy and safety outcomes by history of MI. The primary outcome in both trials was the composite of cardiovascular death or worsening HF. Of the total of 11 007 patients, 3731 (34%) had a previous MI and were at higher risk of the primary outcome across the spectrum of LVEF in covariate‐adjusted models (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.24). Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary outcome to a similar extent in patients with (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.96) and without previous MI (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68–0.85; pinteraction = 0.36), with consistent benefits on key secondary outcomes as well. Serious adverse events did not occur more frequently with dapagliflozin, irrespective of previous MI.

Conclusion

History of MI confers increased risks of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HF across the LVEF spectrum, even among those with preserved ejection fraction. Dapagliflozin consistently and safely reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or worsening HF, regardless of previous MI.
Anticipatory postural adjustments during an archery performance
Authors: Na Jae‐Young , Ryu Donghyun , Ko Ji‐Hyun
Published: March 2024

The present study investigated whether there is an anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) prior to the onset of predictable perturbation generated by a releasing in the archery performance task. Eighteen volunteers were divided into two groups (expert vs. novice) depending on skill levels. Participants stood on a force plate holding a bow with a laser pointer and took a full drawing motion aiming the laser pointer to the center of target, placed 10 m away from the force plate, then released motion was performed based on the individual's preferred timing. Motion capture system measured the bow motion in 3D, two force plates estimated center of pressure (COP) displacements, and electromyographic (EMG) recorded eight lower limb muscles during the anticipatory and compensatory phases of postural control. The results revealed that, compared to the novice group, (1) the expert group showed smaller variability of bow motion, (2) the APA patterns of the COP and muscle activities before the onset of perturbation (releasing), and (3) shorter time interval between the perturbation onset and the COP peak displacement. The findings suggest that a long‐term practice results in the experts could be adopted to use APA generating mechanical benefit to compensate for predictable perturbation. This would be able to lead to a more stable subsequent postural control to realize the task goal.
Numerical investigation on performance of a solar chimney power plant with different absorber configurations
Authors: Mahdhi Jihen , Ghriss Ons , Aryanfar Yashar , Bouabidi Abdallah , Keçebaş Ali , Alcaraz Jorge Luis García
Published: March 2024

A solar tower system is a nonpolluting solar thermal power plant that utilizes a combination of a wind turbine and generator to convert thermal energy generated from a solar collector into electrical energy. The study focuses on a system comprising a solar collector that transforms solar energy into thermal energy, a chimney that converts thermal energy into kinetic energy, and a wind turbine that further converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. The system's performance is evaluated through the implementation of a numerical model, which is validated by comparing it with experimental data. Four different types of meshes are tested to determine the most suitable mesh for the system. The discrete ordinate radiation model is used to solve the radiative transfer equation, and the RNG k‐𝜀 turbulence model is implemented to calculate turbulence. In a subsequent study, the effect of absorber configuration on the system's performance is investigated. Three different absorber configurations—sinusoidal, square, and triangular—are proposed, and the numerical results showed that the system's performance is affected by the absorber configuration. The velocity in the chimney inlet increases for all proposed configurations compared to the standard configuration, with the triangular configuration showing the highest velocity increase. Additionally, the newly proposed configurations enhance the thermal efficiency of the system, leading to a thermal efficiency of 12.18%, 12.2%, and 13.65% for the sinusoidal, triangular, and square configurations, respectively. Overall, the solar tower system demonstrates its potential as a clean and efficient source of electrical power.
High‐performance symmetric supercapacitor using cost‐efficient iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles
Authors: Saini Priyanka , Yadav Jitendra Kumar , Rani Bharti , Pandey Anant Prakash , Dixit Ambesh
Published: March 2024

We investigated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) for a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) under ambient conditions from synthesizing material to device fabrication. The prepared Fe3O4 NPs are characterized using different characterization, X‐ray diffraction, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of supercapacitor (SC) is measured in two electrode systems using coin‐cell assembly at various scan rates varying from 10–100 mV s−1, and cyclic voltammetry measurements are investigated from −0.8 to 0.6 V window. The Fe3O4 NPs based SSC shows an energy density of 24.99 Wh kg−1 with the  high specific capacitance of 91.82 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 scan rate. At a current rate of 4 A g−1, the power density reaches 2000 W kg−1. The Fe3O4 NPs based SSC exhibits a quick charge and discharge mechanism at various current rates and is stable over 500 galvanostatic chargingdischarging cycles at a current rate of 4 A g−1. The fabricated SSC showed >60% capacitance retention even after operating for 1000 cyclic voltammetry cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1. A reasonable choice for SSC electrodes with high power density, and the outstanding resilience of electrodes is further shown by cyclic stability and impedance study exhibiting a negligible change in the different impedance elements. The potential of the fabricated SSC is demonstrated by lightening a light emitting diode (LED) light as a practical aspect for future applications.
Spatiotemporal difference of deformation and failure affected by a large discontinuity in the surrounding rock mass: A case study at the Baihetan underground powerhouse
Authors: Shi An‐chi , Wang Meng , Li Hai‐bo , Yuan Fei , Yan Hong‐chuan , Zhou Jia‐wen
Published: March 2024

The deformation and failure of the surrounding rock mass is a key issue during the construction of large‐scale underground powerhouse, and large discontinuities are likely to cause this problem in the presence of complex geological structures. This article takes the right bank underground powerhouse of the Baihetan Hydropower Station as a case study. In this case, deformation mutation of the surrounding rock mass occurred in the south section of the main powerhouse, with the maximum deformation reaching 178 mm, and the deformation and failure of different parts showed differences. A comprehensive study integrating field survey, site monitoring, laboratory test and numerical simulation was carried out. By field survey and monitoring, characteristics of deformation and failure are described, and the spatiotemporal difference in deformation is analysed. The stress evolution during excavation is studied based on numerical simulations, the mechanical response of rock is derived through laboratory tests, and the mechanism of spatiotemporal difference is revealed. The results indicate that the main reason for the spatiotemporal difference is the presence of slightly inclining interlayer shear zone C4. In the south section, the excavation‐induced stress concentration at the arch was enhanced due to C4, with the maximum principal stress exceeding 70 MPa, and the high compressive stress here triggered the deformation mutation of surrounding rock mass. After undergoing a stress path from concentration to unloading, the surrounding rock mass at the downstream sidewall was seriously damaged, and its deformation also mutated under approximately vertical stress. The mutation resulted in the uneven spatial distribution, large increment and time‐dependent feature of deformation.
Agroclimate‐centric irrigation water quality guidelines
Authors: Minhas Paramjit S. , Qadir Manzoor
Published: March 2024

The suitability of a given water source for irrigation warrants the diagnosis of potential salinity, sodicity and toxicity hazards. Region‐specific irrigation water quality standards and guidelines formulated worldwide are too conservative. After a comprehensive assessment of newer insights from re‐analysis of the available data and examination of the associated evidence covering diversified conditions of saline water use, existing guidelines are updated to adjust for site‐specific conditions. The updated versions for rating both saline and alkali waters include the chemical composition of irrigation waters, soil type (texture, clay mineralogy), salt tolerance rating of crops and rainfall for broader adaptability. As modified by soil texture and rainfall, crop salt tolerance is the decisive factor for fixing upper salinity limits in hyper‐arid, arid, semi‐arid and semi‐humid regions. The customized recommendations include conjunctive use, leaching/rainfall management, irrigation methods, ionic ratios, fertilizers and manures. Guidelines for sodic/alkali waters are based on both crop responses and sodicity‐induced water infiltration problems. The amendment requirements stand defined. In view of the increasing water scarcity, the established guidelines are expected to promote saline and alkali water irrigation in arid and semi‐arid regions while safeguarding the environment.
Semantic sensor data annotation method for industrial scene efficiency optimization to enable digital economy
Authors: Tao Na , Zhang Tao
Published: March 2024

In the digital economy era, efficiently leveraging the vast amount of sensor data generated by the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is essential. This paper presents an innovative semantic annotation method for industrial sensor data, designed to optimize data processing and enhance system efficiency. Our method combines cluster analysis, ontology development, and rule‐based reasoning to automatically annotate IIoT sensory data. By utilizing data aggregation and filtering mechanisms, which incorporate the DBSCAN (Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) algorithm and a rule engine, we significantly reduce the data volume required for annotation. The Semantic Web Rule Language aids in naming new concepts and properties identified through clustering, contributing further to the automation of data processing. Experimental results, using public datasets, validate the effectiveness of our method, showing a reduction in data volume by about 20% and underscoring its potential in enhancing industrial systems' automation and overall efficiency.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐secretome laden photopolymerizable hydrogels for wound healing
Authors: Doshi Riddhesh B. , Vakil Devashree , Molley Thomas G. , Islam Md Shariful , Kilian Kristopher A. , Cunningham Corey , Sidhu Kuldip S.
Published: March 2024

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived secretome represents an emerging acellular therapeutic which possess significant opportunity for clinical applications due to its anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and wound healing properties. However, maintaining therapeutic efficacy and ensuring stability of cell‐based products is challenging, requiring a robust delivery method. Therefore, we designed a hydrogel‐based scaffold loaded with CK Cell Technologies' proprietary Mesenchymal stem cell‐secretome for controlled release treatment of acute and chronic wounds. We incorporated both conditioned media (CM) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) into gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels and demonstrated how we can tune the diffusive release of the EVs from them. To demonstrate viability of the approach, we developed a wound healing scratch assay where we see in situ release of CM and EVs promote enhanced migration of human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs). We see the colocalization of these EVs in the fibroblasts using fluorescent microscopy. Finally, as a surrogate for in vivo neovascularization, we conducted an in vitro tube formation assay for the MSC‐secretome using matrigel‐embedded human microvascular endothelial cells. By adding CM and EVs, we observe an increase in tubulogenesis. Collectively, our data demonstrates by tuning the GelMA properties, we can influence the controlled release of the MSC‐secretome for a wound dressing and bandage application for chronic and acute wounds.
Echocardiographic features and outcomes of fetuses with isolated restrictive foramen ovale or redundant foramen ovale flap using atrial septum excursion index
Authors: Tian Yuanshi , Chen Xinxin , Zheng Jiehuai , Chen Lijiong , Pan Mei , Peng Xiaohui , Zhao Bowen
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study was designed to investigate the application value of the atrial septum excursion index (ASEI) in fetuses with isolated restrictive foramen ovale (RFO) or redundant foramen ovale flap (RFOF) and the outcomes of these fetuses.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Healthy pregnant women who were examined by antenatal fetal echocardiography from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2021, at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital were enrolled. One hundred seventy‐seven (177) fetuses were categorized into three groups by diagnosis: (1) RFOF (n = 33), (2) RFO (n = 21), and (3) normal (n = 123). Fetal echocardiographic features and postnatal outcomes were collected.

Results

The median ASEIs were 0.50 (range, 0.41–0.65) in the control group, 0.76 (range, 0.67–0.88) in the RFOF group and 0.31 (range, 0.14–0.35) in the RFO group, and the differences were significant (p < 0.001). The ratios of right atrium/left atrium, right ventricle/left ventricle, and pulmonary artery diameter to aorta diameter (PA/AO) and the pulmonary annulus Z‐scores were greater in fetuses with RFOF and RFO than in the controls (p < 0.05). Twenty‐seven of 33 fetuses (87.9%) with RFOF and 19 of 21 fetuses (90.5%) with RFO had good outcomes after birth.

Conclusion

The ASEI may be a new tool for quantitatively assessing the mobility of foramen ovale flaps in fetuses with isolated RFOF or RFO.
Hepatobiliary circulation and dominant urinary excretion of homogentisic acid in a mouse model of alkaptonuria
Authors: Norman B. P. , Sutherland H. , Wilson P. J. M. , Rutland D. A. , Milan A. M. , Hughes A. T. , Davison A. S. , Khedr M. , Jarvis J. C. , Gallagher J. A. , Bou‐Gharios G. , Ranganath L. R.
Published: March 2024

Altered activity of specific enzymes in phenylalanine‐tyrosine (phe‐tyr) metabolism results in incomplete breakdown of various metabolite substrates in this pathway. Increased biofluid concentration and tissue accumulation of the phe‐tyr pathway metabolite homogentisic acid (HGA) is central to pathophysiology in the inherited disorder alkaptonuria (AKU). Accumulation of metabolites upstream of HGA, including tyrosine, occurs in patients on nitisinone, a licenced drug for AKU and hereditary tyrosinaemia type 1, which inhibits the enzyme responsible for HGA production. The aim of this study was to investigate the phe‐tyr metabolite content of key biofluids and tissues in AKU mice on and off nitisinone to gain new insights into the biodistribution of metabolites in these altered metabolic states. The data show for the first time that HGA is present in bile in AKU (mean [±SD] = 1003[±410] μmol/L; nitisinone‐treated AKU mean [±SD] = 45[±23] μmol/L). Biliary tyrosine, 3(4‐hydroxyphenyl)pyruvic acid (HPPA) and 3(4‐hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (HPLA) are also increased on nitisinone. Urine was confirmed as the dominant elimination route of HGA in untreated AKU, but with indication of biliary excretion. These data provide new insights into pathways of phe‐tyr metabolite biodistribution and metabolism, showing for the first time that hepatobiliary excretion contributes to the total pool of metabolites in this pathway. Our data suggest that biliary elimination of organic acids and other metabolites may play an underappreciated role in disorders of metabolism. We propose that our finding of approximately 3.8 times greater urinary HGA excretion in AKU mice compared with patients is one reason for the lack of extensive tissue ochronosis in the AKU mouse model.
31P MR Spectroscopy in the Pancreas: Repeatability, Comparison With Liver, and Pilot Pancreatic Cancer Data
Authors: Seelen Leonard W.F. , van den Wildenberg Lieke , Gursan Ayhan , Froeling Martijn , Gosselink Mark W.J.M. , van der Kemp Wybe J.M. , Haj Mohammad Nadia , Molenaar I. Quintus , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Klomp Dennis W.J. , Prompers Jeanine J.
Published: March 2024

Background

Non‐invasive evaluation of phosphomonoesters (PMEs) and phosphodiesters (PDEs) by 31‐phosphorus MR spectroscopy (31P MRS) may have potential for early therapy (non‐)response assessment in cancer. However, 31P MRS has not yet been applied to investigate the human pancreas in vivo.

Purpose

To assess the technical feasibility and repeatability of 31P MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the pancreas, compare 31P metabolite levels between pancreas and liver, and determine the feasibility of 31P MRSI in pancreatic cancer.

Study Type

Prospective cohort study.

Population

10 healthy subjects (age 34 ± 12 years, four females) and one patient (73‐year‐old female) with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Field Strength/Sequence

7‐T, 31P FID‐MRSI, 1H gradient‐echo MRI.

Assessment

31P FID‐MRSI of the abdomen (including the pancreas and liver) was performed with a nominal voxel size of 20 mm (isotropic). For repeatability measurements, healthy subjects were scanned twice on the same day. The patient was only scanned once. Test–retest 31P MRSI data of pancreas and liver voxels (segmented on 1H MRI) of healthy subjects were quantified by fitting in the time domain and signal amplitudes were normalized to γ‐adenosine triphosphate. In addition, the PME/PDE ratio was calculated. Metabolite levels were averaged over all voxels within the pancreas, right liver lobe and left liver lobe, respectively.

Statistical Tests

Repeatability of test–retest data from healthy pancreas was assessed by paired t‐tests, Bland–Altman analyses, and calculation of the intrasubject coefficients of variation (CoVs). Significant differences between healthy pancreas and right and left liver lobes were assessed with a two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The intrasubject CoVs for PME, PDE, and PME/PDE in healthy pancreas were below 20%. Furthermore, PME and PME/PDE were significantly higher in pancreas compared to liver. In the patient with pancreatic cancer, qualitatively, elevated relative PME signals were observed in comparison with healthy pancreas.

Data Conclusion

In vivo 31P MRSI of the human healthy pancreas and in pancreatic cancer may be feasible at 7 T.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Chiral Photonic Super‐Crystals Based on Helical van der Waals Homostructures
Authors: Voronin Kirill V. , Toksumakov Adilet N. , Ermolaev Georgy A. , Slavich Aleksandr S. , Tatmyshevskiy Mikhail K. , Novikov Sergey M. , Vyshnevyy Andrey A. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Novoselov Kostya S. , Ghazaryan Davit A. , Volkov Valentyn S. , Baranov Denis G.
Published: March 2024

Chirality is one of the most mysterious symmetry transformations. Very readily broken in biological systems, it is practically absent in naturally occurring inorganic materials and is very challenging to create artificially. Chiral optical wavefronts are often used for the identification, control, and discrimination of left‐ and right‐handed biological and other molecules. Thus, it is crucially important to create materials capable of chiral interaction with light, which would allow one to assign arbitrary chiral properties to a light field. This study utilizes van der Waals technology to assemble helical homostructures with chiral properties (e.g., circular dichroism). Because of the large range of van der Waals materials available, such helical homostructures can be assigned with very flexible optical properties. The approach is demonstrated by creating helical homostructures based on multilayer (arsenic trisulfide), which offers the most pronounced chiral properties even in thin structures due to its strong biaxial optically anisotropy. The work showcases that the chirality of an electromagnetic system may emerge at an intermediate level between the molecular and the mesoscopic one due to the tailored arrangement of non‐chiral layers of van der Waals crystals and without additional patterning.
Semi‐Transparent Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer in Polyurethane Matrices
Authors: Tatsi Elisavet , De Marzi Matteo , Mauri Luca , Colombo Alessia , Botta Chiara , Turri Stefano , Dragonetti Claudia , Griffini Gianmarco
Published: March 2024

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are spectral conversion devices offering interesting opportunities for the integration of photovoltaics into the built environment and portable systems. The Förster‐resonance energy transfer (FRET) process can boost the optical response of LSCs by reducing energy losses typically associated to non‐radiative processes occurring within the device under operation. In this work, a new class of FRET‐based thin‐film LSC devices is presented, in which the synthetic versatility of linear polyurethanes (PU) is exploited to control the photophysical properties and the device performance of the resulting LSCs. A series of luminescent linear PUs are synthesized in the presence of two novel bis‐hydroxyl‐functionalized luminophores of suitable optical properties, used as chain extenders during the step‐growth polyaddition reaction for the formation of the linear macromolecular network. By synthetically tuning their composition, the obtained luminescent PUs can achieve a high energy transfer efficiency (≈90%) between the covalently linked luminophores. The corresponding LSC devices exhibit excellent photonic response, with external and internal photon efficiencies as high as ≈4% and ≈37%, respectively. Furthermore, their optimized power conversion efficiency combined with their enhanced average visible‐light transmittance highlight their suitability for potential use as transparent solar energy devices.
Variational approach to a symmetric boundary value problem generated by a system of equations and separated boundary conditions
Authors: Uğurlu Ekin
Published: March 2024

This work provides some information on the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of a problem which is constructed by a system of equations and symmetric boundary conditions that includes the ordinary second‐order Sturm–Liouville boundary value problem. In particular, we show that the problem has an infinite number of discrete eigenvalues with a greatest lower bound and the corresponding eigenfunctions are complete in mean and energy. We introduce the results using the variational approach that enables us to consider only continuous pair functions instead of absolutely continuous pair functions.
The role of gender equality in advancing development
Authors: Xu Chengwei , Mussagulova Assel , Zhou Qinrou
Published: March 2024

Gender equality and women empowerment are central to academic and policy debates on development. In the spirit of celebrating and reflecting on 75 years of research published by Public Administration and Development (PAD), this article aims to take stock of the journal's contribution to the knowledge base and practice of promoting gender equality. This article reviews research output published in PAD and identifies key themes and perspectives on gender equality and their reflection on the practical implementation of equalising policies. We use thematic analysis to review 43 relevant articles and evaluate the intellectual landscape, shedding light on the journal's contribution to gender equality research. Four broad themes are discussed along with their implications for practice and future research. We highlight the importance of not only expanding the horizons of gender equality research but also developing keen awareness reflected in the scholarship of the changing landscape of gender and the need to balance constructions of gender and the high variability of gender norms and practices in the Global South that should be taken into account when designing policies. This article concludes with recommendations and several questions that invite public administration researchers and policymakers to take this conversation and develop it further through research, education, and practice.
Automatic Optimization of JWL‐Miller parameters of HMX‐based aluminized explosive based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Li Xing‐Long , Chen Ke‐Quan , Huang Heng‐Jian , Yang Sha , Song Qing‐Guan , Cao Wei , Lu Zhong‐Hua , Tian Chao , Hua Cheng
Published: March 2024

The calibration of JWL‐Miller equation of state (EOS) parameters for aluminized explosive is a cumbersome but important work in explosive evaluation. Manual calibration is usually adopted while the work may be tedious and the optimal results may be unachievable. An automatic calibrating method was established to optimize this procedure based on genetic algorithm program and finite element software. Optimal JWL‐Miller EOS parameters were achieved by iterative calculation calibrating with cylinder test results and underwater‐explosion experiment results. Cylinder test results were adopted to illustrate the initial phase of explosion, and underwater explosion experiments were conducted to calibrating the Miller term of the equation of state. The results showed that the error between cylinder test and simulation result was less than 1 %, the error of underwater explosion impulse between test and simulation results was less than 3.73 %. The optimized parameters of JWL‐Miller EOS will be useful in the numerical simulation research of aluminized explosives.
Theoretical study of the interfacial force‐field and thermodynamic properties for HMX‐Estane mixture explosives
Authors: Long Yao , Chen Jun
Published: March 2024

A transferable force‐field of HMX/Estane interface is derived by first‐principles calculation and least square optimization. Based on the force‐field, the plastic bonded explosive consists of HMX and Estane is simulated by molecular dynamics. The polycrystal structure is obtained, and a set of thermodynamic properties are calculated, including the heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficients, bulk modulus, elastic constants and Hugoniot curve. We find that the mixture explosive has higher thermal expansion coefficient than single crystal, because the interface is debonding at high temperature condition.