bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Hospitality to this German stranger’
Authors: Belle Marie-Alice
Published: May 2022

The article examines religious translations associated with communities of German-speaking refugees in mid-seventeenth-century Britain, namely: a mystical treatise circulating among the non-conformist Family of Love, and the writings of Jacob Böhme, which enjoyed a surprisingly wide reception in English print. The discussion focuses on the textual-material features of these texts, as they represent tangible traces of the activities of seventeenth-century networks connecting German-speaking exiles, English translators, and their many intermediaries. The printed books record the circulation of those texts across dissident communities, but also their passage from clandestine manuscripts to widely-distributed printed texts, and the transformations that accompany their dissemination on the English book market. By examining together the discursive, textual, and material features of these translations, this essay foregrounds the importance of combining descriptive translation studies and book studies as complementary approaches when documenting early modern histories of cultural transfer, displacement and exile.
Protonic ceramic materials for clean and sustainable energy: advantages and challenges
Authors: Tian Hanchen , Luo Zheyu , Song Yufei , Zhou Yucun , Gong Mingyang , Li Wenyuan , Shao Zongping , Liu Meilin , Liu Xingbo
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the hydrogen economy has been strongly favoured by governmental and industrial bodies worldwide. A tremendous number of papers are published every year on different aspects of protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) due to their lower operation temperature, easier reversible operation, and brighter prospects for further development. While new progress is being made continuously, many critical challenges remain. The effort on PCEC investigation could be more aligned for greater collective impact, e.g. the academic community could devote more effort to overdue critical problems but less to incremental improvements. This review aims to provide some insightful perspectives on critical challenges facing the development of PCECs, to sort out priorities in future effort, and to suggest promising directions to pursue. In this way, it is hoped that the technical readiness level of PCECs might advance more quickly, toward field demonstrations and commercialization for a clean and sustainable energy era.
V-ATPase is a universal regulator of LC3-associated phagocytosis and non-canonical autophagy
Authors: Hooper Kirsty M. , Jacquin Elise , Li Taoyingnan , Goodwin Jonathan M. , Brumell John H. , Durgan Joanne , Florey Oliver
Published: May 2022

Non-canonical autophagy is a key cellular pathway in immunity, cancer, and neurodegeneration, characterized by conjugation of ATG8 to endolysosomal single membranes (CASM). CASM is activated by engulfment (endocytosis, phagocytosis), agonists (STING, TRPML1), and infection (influenza), dependent on K490 in the ATG16L1 WD40-domain. However, factors associated with non-canonical ATG16L1 recruitment and CASM induction remain unknown. Here, using pharmacological inhibitors, we investigate a role for V-ATPase during non-canonical autophagy. We report that increased V0–V1 engagement is associated with, and sufficient for, CASM activation. Upon V0–V1 binding, V-ATPase recruits ATG16L1, via K490, during LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), STING- and drug-induced CASM, indicating a common mechanism. Furthermore, during LAP, key molecular players, including NADPH oxidase/ROS, converge on V-ATPase. Finally, we show that LAP is sensitive to Salmonella SopF, which disrupts the V-ATPase–ATG16L1 axis and provide evidence that CASM contributes to the Salmonella host response. Together, these data identify V-ATPase as a universal regulator of CASM and indicate that SopF evolved in part to evade non-canonical autophagy.
Sex biases in infectious diseases research
Authors: Dhakal Santosh , Chaulagain Sabal , Klein Sabra L.
Published: May 2022

Reporting the distribution and inclusion of both males and females in immunology and infectious diseases research is improving, but rigorous analyses of differential outcomes between males and females, including mechanistic inquiries into the causes of sex differences, still lags behind.
Chaos in spatially homogeneous Hořava–Lifshitz subcritical cosmologies
Authors: Lappicy Phillipo , Daniel Victor Hugo
Published: May 2022

We consider spatially homogeneous models in Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity that perturbs general relativity (GR) by a parameter v ∈ (0, 1) such that GR occurs at v = 1/2. We prove that the induced Kasner map is chaotic for a broad class of modified HL gravity models, when v ∈ (0, 1/2), despite the fact that the Kasner map is multi-valued in such subcritical regime.
Operation-mode recognition of surface microdischarge based on visible image and deep learning
Authors: Lu Chen , Peng Tao , Xiong Zilan
Published: May 2022

Discharging images contain useful information regarding the operation mode of surface microdischarge (SMD). To solve the shortcomings of low efficiency, high cost, and long operation time of existing SMD operation-mode recognition methods, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on deep learning is introduced herein. The visible image library of SMD at different applied voltages, dielectric sheets with different dielectric constants, and dielectric sheets with different thicknesses and exposure times are constructed using a digital camera. The typical structure of a CNN is discussed, and the hyperparameters, including the number of network layers, convolution kernel size, number of neurons in the fully connected layer, and activation function type that affect the recognition accuracy of the CNN are investigated. The optimal structure of the CNN for the SMD operation-mode recognition is obtained via training. The recognition accuracy of the CNN is compared with those of three traditional machine learning methods: support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF). Test results show that the recognition accuracy based on the CNN is 99.745%, which is better than those of the SVM, DT, and RF. Finally, an SMD operation-mode online recognition method based on the CNN is proposed.
Crystal structure evolution in the van der Waals vanadium trihalides
Authors: Kratochvílová Marie , Doležal Petr , Hovančík Dávid , Pospíšil Jiří , Bendová Anežka , Dušek Michal , Holý Václav , Sechovský Vladimír
Published: May 2022

Most transition-metal trihalides are dimorphic. The representative chromium-based triad, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, is characterized by the low-temperature (LT) phase adopting the trigonal BiI3-type while the structure of the high-temperature (HT) phase is monoclinic of AlCl3 type (C2/m). The structural transition between the two crystallographic phases is of the first-order type with large thermal hysteresis in CrCl3 and CrI3. We studied crystal structures and structural phase transitions of vanadium-based counterparts VCl3, VBr3, and VI3 by measuring specific heat, magnetization, and x-ray diffraction as functions of temperature and observed an inverse situation. In these cases, the HT phase has a higher symmetry while the LT structure reveals a lower symmetry. The structural phase transition between them shows no measurable hysteresis in contrast to CrX3. Possible relations of the evolution of the ratio c/a of the unit cell parameters, types of crystal structures, and nature of the structural transitions in V and Cr trihalides are discussed.
Simulations of DNA denaturation dynamics under constrained conditions
Authors: Al Qanobi A , Marenduzzo D , Ali I
Published: May 2022

We study the dynamics of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) denaturation using Brownian dynamics simulations. We use a coarse-grained single nucleotide model for dsDNA which considers the helix structure. We compare the melting dynamics for free DNA of length 300 base pairs with that of a DNA of the same length but fixed from one end—mimicking DNA tethered to a substrate. We find that free DNA melts at faster rate because the entropic gain associated with denaturation is larger. Additionally, we insert the DNA in nanochannels of different widths to study the influence of the confinement on the melting dynamics. Our results suggest that there is no significant difference in the critical temperature or rate of melting when the channel width

⩾

R

g

/
2

, where R
g is the radius of gyration of DNA. Instead, at channel width of R
g/4 we only see partial denaturation at the free DNA melting temperature. Surprisingly, this trend is reversed at higher temperature, and we find that at 110 °C tight confinement results in faster melting. This is due to the fact that confinement promotes segregation of the single-stranded segment, thereby acting as an effective entropic force aiding denaturation.
Feasibility of home-based tracking of insulin resistance from vascular stiffness estimated from the photoplethysmographic finger pulse waveform
Authors: Koppula Aditya , Asif Abdur Rehman , Barra Ram Reddy , Sridharan Kousik Sarathy
Published: May 2022

Objective.In this study we explored the utility of post-prandial vascular stiffness as a surrogate measure for estimating insulin resistance, which is a pre-diabetic condition.Approach.A cohort of 51 healthy young adults with varying body mass index (BMI) values was studied using fasting plasma values of insulin and glucose, fasting and post-meal finger photoplethysmography (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance 2 (HOMA-IR2) using fasting plasma insulin and glucose. Vascular stiffness was estimated by reciprocal of pulse arrival time (rPAT) from ECG and finger PPG at five time points from fasting to 2 h post-oral glucose ingestion. We examined if insulin resistance correlates with meal-induced vascular stiffness changes, supporting the feasibility of using finger PPG to estimate insulin resistance.Main results.HOMA-IR2 was positively correlated with an early rise (0 to 30 min post-meal) and delayed fall (30 to 120 min post-meal) of rPAT. Correlation persisted even after the effect of BMI has been partialled out in subgroup analysis. We conclude that finger PPG-based pulse waveform and single-lead ECG has the potential to be used as a non-invasive method for the assessment of insulin resistance.Significance.As both signals, namely ECG and PPG, can be easily acquired using wearable and other low-cost sensing systems, the present study can serve as a pointer to develop accessible strategies for monitoring and longitudinal tracking of insulin resistance in health and pathophysiological states.
Energy exchange modulation for selective control of gas temperature and electron number density in cold atmospheric plasmas
Authors: Li Jing , Fang Chuan , Chen Jian , Li He-Ping , Wang Zhi-Bin , Nie Qiu-Yue , Guo Heng , Zhao Xiang , Zhao Lu-Xiang , Zhang Yu , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: May 2022

Selective control of the key parameters of the cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) is crucial for diverse applications ranging from materials processing, clinical medicine to clean energy generation. In particular, the low gas temperature (T
g) and high electron number density (n
e) are both critical for obtaining high treatment efficiency of heat-sensitive materials, yet are challenging to achieve because of the very frequent species collision nature in CAPs. In this paper, selective control of T
g and n
e in a helium CAP driven by a radio-frequency power supply and operated in an open environment is achieved successfully for the first time numerically and experimentally with the quasi-independent variation windows from −33.7 °C to 49.5 °C (i.e. 239.3 to 322.5 K) for T
g and from 2.7 × 1016 to 6.3 × 1016 m−3 for n
e. This result has expanded the key CAP parameter windows significantly into a previously unachievable domain. The further theoretical analysis of the energy transfer and balance based on the ‘energy tree’ concept and numerical modeling reveals the unique non-equilibrium energy transfer channel allowing selective control of T
g and n
e. This energy transfer channel is enabled by the two ‘valves’, one for controlling the energy deposition from the external circuit to the discharge cell (valve 1), and another one for controlling the energy exchange between the discharge cell and the environment (valve 2). Our conceptual approach and proof-of-principle demonstration open a new way for the active and selective control of the key CAP parameters, which will be quite important for designing CAP sources with specific requirements and for advancing or even creating new CAP applications in the future.
Enabling highly-efficient OLED with solution-processed nanocrystalline copper phthalocyanine hole-injection/transport layer
Authors: Mohan Vinay , Agrawal Niraj , Gautam A K , Kapse V M , Sazid Md , Rizvi N Z
Published: May 2022

We report solution-processed nanocrystalline copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc) as a hole-injection/transport layer used to maintain efficient hole injection and transport into the emissive layer. The efficacies and efficiencies of the devices with nanocrystalline CuPc hole-transport layer and control device fabricated poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are investigated. As a result, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) employing the CuPc layer exhibits maximum efficiencies such as a power efficiency (PEmax) of 46.7 lmW−1 and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12.1% along with a current efficiency (CEmax) of 44.1 cdA−1, which are expressively improved as comparing with PEDOT:PSS based control device. We also observed changes in PEmax from 32.1 to 39.7 lmW−1, CEmax from 40.3 to 51.7 cdA−1 and EQEmax from 13.0 to 16.2% in thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter based OLEDs as PEDOT:PSS is replaced with CuPC. This enhancement in all OLED device performance may be attributed to the decreased hole injection barrier at the anode and emissive layer interface. Furthermore, CuPC has been incorporated as a p-type channel to fabricate thin-film transistors (TFTs). CuPC possesses good mobility as comparing with PEDOT:PSS. We believe that the CuPc layer is a promising candidate to achieve high-performance next-generation OLEDs for lighting applications and TFTs.
Exploring the exemplary structural, electronic, optical, and elastic nature of inorganic ternary cubic XBaF3 (X = Al and Tl) employing the accurate TB-mBJ approach
Authors: Husain Mudasser , Rahman Nasir , Khan Rajwali , Sohail Mohammad , Khan Abid Ali , Elansary Hosam O , El-Abedin Tarek K Zin , Mahmoud Eman A , Abdelmohsen Shaimaa A M , Khan Aurangzeb
Published: May 2022

This research presents the structural, optical, elastic, and electronic properties of cubic Barium-based halide-Perovskites in combination with Al and Tl elements of the form XBaF3 (X = Al and Tl). The density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof and the Trans-Blaha modified Becke Johnson (TB-mBJ) approximation are employed for the consideration of exchange-correlation effects. Structurally these compounds are found to be cubic with a space group of Pm-3 m (#221). The computed band’s structure with TB-mBJ confers precise electronic properties of these materials as it is a precise and accurate approximation for bands structure prediction. The computation of bands structure for both the materials reveals a semiconducting nature having a direct bandgap from X to X (X-point in the reciprocal lattice space to X-symmetry points), having values lying from 0 eV at Fermi level to 3.75 eV for TlBaF3 and 4.36 eV for AlBaF3. The total and partial densities of states, as well as their contribution to the different bands, are investigated and evaluated, i.e. total density of state and partial density of state are exploited. The IRelast package is used to calculate the elastic constants of these crystals, with cubic symmetries, which can then be used to explore elastic and mechanical characteristics. Elastic properties show that the compounds of interest are mechanically stable, anisotropic, and ductile. Besides this, due to the high value of shear modulus ‘G,’ these materials demonstrate resistance to plastic deformation. It is noticed that these compounds are transparent for incident photons based on their optical properties. Based on these interesting investigations of different physical properties for XBaF3 (X = Al and Tl), we have selected these materials and to our best understanding, this is the first comprehensive theoretical computation of these compounds which presents structural, optical, electronic, and elastic properties that have yet to be confirmed experimentally.
Reduction of V-pit density and depth in InGaN semibulk templates and improved LED performance with insertion of high temperature semibulk layers
Authors: Routh E L , Abdelhamid M , Colter P C , Bonner A J , El-Masry N A , Bedair S M
Published: May 2022

Highly relaxed InGaN templates with an effective In-content of ∼10% that exhibit reduced V-pit density and an improved surface roughness are reported using the semibulk (SB) growth approach. This was achieved by the insertion of five period high temperature SB (HTSB) InGaN SB regions. This report demonstrates that better quality InGaN templates can be achieved by the insertion of HTSB within the templates, rather than by ending the templates with a superlattice structure or by refilling the pits with GaN interlayers. Three SB samples were grown with and without the HTSB layers. Using secondary-ion mass spectrometry, photoluminescence, and x-ray diffraction, the effective In-content of the templates was determined to be 9.6%, 5.8%, and 8.7%. Using atomic force microscopy, the surface roughness was found to improve from 4.4 to 1.7 nm by using the two HTSB regions, and the average V-pit density and depth improved from 7.6 × 10−7 to 4.5 × 10−7 cm−2 and 8.2 to 2.8 nm, respectively. Also, the maximum V-pit depth was reduced from about 30.5 nm to about 9.6 nm in the sample with the HTSB regions. Two LEDs were studied, one with both HTSB regions, and one with only the topmost HTSB. The optical power density of the LED with both HTSB regions was 1.4 times higher at the peak injection current, displayed a ∼1.3 times higher external quantum efficiency peak, and a delay of the EQE droop onset. These results show that higher In-content SB templates can be improved with the implementation of a modified growth approach.
Modeling, analysis and design optimizations of an axial-type piezoelectric energy generator for optimal output
Authors: Haldkar Rakesh Kumar , Cherpakov Alexander V , Parinov Ivan A
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the optimal design of axial-based piezoelectric generators. The optimization problem is solved for the combination of the two different types of poling piezo elements used and the total cumulative voltage output. The task is to optimize the design in such a way as to obtain the optimal output voltage for a given mechanical excitation. The Piezoelectric Energy Generators (PEGs) have two domains—active and passive domains. The optimization process is divided into several steps, which significantly reduces the number of calculations. This paper is focused on the optimization process in the passive domain, that increases the output voltage for given mechanical excitation. In the optimization, the process can be developed for specific operating conditions, various lengths of duralumin base plate, the various position of proof mass, and different applied acceleration. It has been modeled and analyzed for axial-based piezoelectric generators. The maximum voltage and power are observed 11.64 V and 1355 µw at 633 Hz, respectively, when the length of the duralumin base plate is 150 mm and 5 m s−2 acceleration. The analysis of this study can guide the passive domain optimization of PEGs to meet desired purposes of energy harvesting.
Design and analysis of a d33 mode piezoelectric energy generator for vehicle braking system
Authors: Xiao Yu , Ji Qingxiang , Karnaoukh Sviatoslaw , Wang Changguo , Wu Nan
Published: May 2022

A novel piezoelectric energy generator embedded in vehicle brake pads and excited by magnetic repulsion is developed. The generator is made of a cylindrical magnet and a piezoelectric stack. The generators are mounted on the backing plate of the brake pad through the perforated friction layer. Slotted brake rotor with embedded magnets is equipped to ensure the braking performance of the vehicle. During the braking process with slotted brake rotor, dynamic magnetic repulsion will be generated when the overlapping area of the embedded magnets in the brake pad and brake rotor is changing. The magnetic repulsion is generated when two magnets are close to each other, and the force is proportionally changing with the overlapping area of the two magnets. As a result of repulsion between the magnets, the piezoelectric stack will experience compressive forces, creating an electrical charge for generating energy. To illustrate the voltage generation, a mathematical model with experimental verification is established to calculate the electric charge and output voltage considering the charge dissipation. The energy harvesting process is evaluated by simulating the transient charging of the storage capacitor through the diode bridge, which was experimentally validated in literature. The influences of the dimensional and material properties of the piezoelectric stack, the vehicle speed, the magnetic repulsion, the diameter of the magnetic actuator, the capacitance of the storage capacitor and the distance between rotor center to the actuator on the root mean square (RMS) of the charging power are discussed. A total RMS power of 0.0710 W can be achieved with thirty-six generators embedded in both the inner and the outer brake pads within one brake caliper using APC850 (PZT4) material, and a total RMS power of 1.1226 W can be achieved using PMN-PT-B (PT = 0.3–0.33) material at 120 km h−1 speed of the vehicle. This novel generator will be useful for efficient and practical energy harvesting applications during vehicle braking process.
Study on mechanical properties of an isotropic negative Poisson’s ratio Voronoi foam and its foam-filled tube
Authors: Li Dong , Shen Guoyang
Published: May 2022

Based on a modified Voronoi tessellation technique, a series of isotropic negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) Voronoi foam models were proposed via finite element method (FEM). And the proposed models were prepared by reverse modeling method. Poisson’s ratio and stress–strain relationship of the proposed models were studied via FEM and experimental method. Results showed that the structure exhibited NPR and isotropic behavior. With the increased of the relative density of the model, the absolute value of Poisson’s ratio decreased gradually. The results of FEM and experiment showed good consistency. Then, a foam-filled structure was built by filling the proposed NPR Voronoi foam into a square tube. And its energy absorption ability was studied and compared with an isotropic chiral lattice foam-filled tube. Results showed that the energy absorption ability of the proposed NPR Voronoi foam-filled structure was 11% higher than that of the isotropic NPR chiral lattice foam-filled tube with the same relative density. The research was expected to be meaningful for the further research and application of the isotropic NPR foam.
Viterbi decoding of CRES signals in Project 8
Authors: Ashtari Esfahani A , Bogorad Z , Böser S , Buzinsky N , Claessens C , de Viveiros L , Fertl M , Formaggio J A , Gladstone L , Grando M , Guigue M , Hartse J , Heeger K M , Huyan X , Johnston J , Jones A M , Kazkaz K , LaRoque B H , Li M , Lindman A , Matthé C , Mohiuddin R , Monreal B , Nikkel J A , Novitski E , Oblath N S , Peña J I , Pettus W , Reimann R , Robertson R G H , Rybka G , Saldaña L , Schram M , Slocum P L , Stachurska J , Sun Y-H , Surukuchi P T , Telles A B , Thomas F , Thomas M , Thümmler T , Tvrznikova L , Van De Pontseele W , VanDevender B A , Weiss T E , Wendler T , Zayas E , Ziegler A
Published: May 2022

Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) is a modern approach for determining charged particle energies via high-precision frequency measurements of the emitted cyclotron radiation. For CRES experiments with gas within the fiducial volume, signal and noise dynamics can be modelled by a hidden Markov model. We introduce a novel application of the Viterbi algorithm in order to derive informational limits on the optimal detection of cyclotron radiation signals in this class of gas-filled CRES experiments, thereby providing concrete limits from which future reconstruction algorithms, as well as detector designs, can be constrained. The validity of the resultant decision rules is confirmed using both Monte Carlo and Project 8 data.
The Dirac paradox in 1 + 1 dimensions and its realization with spin–orbit coupled nanowires
Authors: Gogin Leonid , Rossi Lorenzo , Rossi Fausto , Dolcini Fabrizio
Published: May 2022

At the interface between two massless Dirac models with opposite helicity a paradoxical situation arises: a transversally impinging electron can seemingly neither be transmitted nor reflected, due to the locking between spin and momentum. Here we investigate this paradox in one spatial dimension where, differently from higher dimensional realizations, electrons cannot leak along the interface. We show that models involving only massless Dirac modes lead to either no solutions or to trivial solutions to the paradox, depending on how the helicity change across the interface is modeled. However, non trivial scattering solutions to the paradox are shown to exist when additional massive Dirac modes are taken into account. Although these modes carry no current for energies within their gap, their interface coupling with the massless modes can induce a finite and tunable transmission. Finally, we show that such massless + massive Dirac model can be realized in suitably gated spin–orbit coupled nanowires exposed to an external Zeeman field, where the transmission coefficient can be controlled electrically.
Cuscuton inflation
Authors: Bartolo Nicola , Ganz Alexander , Matarrese Sabino
Published: May 2022

We study the impact of (generalized) cuscuton models on standard single scalar field inflation. Generalized cuscuton models are characterized by spatial covariant gravity where a scalar degree of freedom is made non dynamical, and there are just two tensor degrees of freedom. The presence of the non-dynamical scalar field does not spoil inflation but instead the modifications are, in general, slow-roll suppressed leading to almost scale-invariant power spectra. However, the extra free parameters, which can be tuned relatively independently, lead to a larger parameter range for observable quantities, such as the tensor-to-scalar ratio.
For the (generalized) cuscuton model the non-Gaussianties of the curvature bispectrum are suppressed by the slow-roll parameters, and, therefore, outside the reach of current experiments. However, generalized cuscuton models can lead to a different shape for the bispectrum which might be constrained by future experiments.
Deterministic controlled bidirectional remote state preparation in dissipative environments
Authors: Gu Jun-Rong , Liu Jin-Ming
Published: May 2022

It is a significant subject to explore effective quantum communication protocol and enhance the efficiency of the transmission process in noisy environments. In this paper, we investigate the bidirectional controlled remote preparation of an arbitrary single-qubit state in the presence of dissipative environments by using two EPR states as the entanglement source. We first construct the quantum circuit of our scheme by means of unitary matrix decomposition procedure, then the effects of the Markovian and non-Markovian environmental noises acting on the EPR states are considered through the analytical derivation and numerical calculations of the corresponding average fidelity. Moreover, we adopt two methods of weak measurement reversal (WMR) and detuning modulation to improve the average fidelity. Our results show that the average fidelity can be remarkably enhanced under appropriate conditions of the WMR strength and the detuning. Compared with the average fidelity behaviors in dissipative environments, it is also shown that the two methods for fidelity improvement are more efficient in the non-Markovian regime than in the Markovian regime.
The

decay and the

mixing *
Authors: Li Jia-Ting , Lin Jia-Xin , Zhang Gong-Jie , Liang Wei-Hong , Oset E.
Published: May 2022

We study the

and

reactions, and pay attention to the different sources of isospin violation and mixing of

and

resonances where these resonances are dynamically generated from meson–meson interactions. We find that the main cause of isospin violation is isospin breaking in the meson–meson transition T matrices, and the other source is that the loops involving kaons in the production mechanism do not cancel due to the different masses of charged and neutral kaons. We obtain a branching ratio for

production of the order of

. Future experiments can address this problem, and the production rate and shape of the

mass distribution will definitely help to better understand the nature of scalar resonances.
Mimicking tumor microenvironment by 3D bioprinting: 3D cancer modeling
Authors: Shukla Priyanshu , Yeleswarapu Sriya , Heinrich Marcel A , Prakash Jai , Pati Falguni
Published: May 2022

The tumor microenvironment (TME) typically comprises cancer cells, tumor vasculature, stromal components like fibroblasts, and host immune cells that assemble to support tumorigenesis. However, preexisting classic cancer models like 2D cell culture methods, 3D cancer spheroids, and tumor organoids seem to lack essential TME components. 3D bioprinting offers enormous advantages for developing in vitro tumor models by allowing user-controlled deposition of multiple biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules in a predefined architecture. This review highlights the recent developments in 3D cancer modeling using different bioprinting techniques to recreate the TME. 3D bioprinters enable the fabrication of high-resolution microstructures to reproduce TME intricacies. Furthermore, 3D bioprinted models can be applied as a preclinical model for versatile research applications in the tumor biology and pharmaceutical industries. These models provide an opportunity to develop high-throughput drug screening platforms and can further be developed to suit individual patient requirements hence giving a boost to the field of personalized anti-cancer therapeutics. We underlined the various ways the existing studies have tried to mimic the TME, mimic the hallmark events of cancer growth and metastasis within the 3D bioprinted models and showcase the 3D drug-tumor interaction and further utilization of such models to develop personalized medicine.
Effect of water cooling on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded dissimilar 2A12/6061 aluminum alloys
Authors: Shi Chao , Sun Hongwei , Liu Chao , Zhu Kaizhen , Yang Qiulin
Published: May 2022

In-process cooling has been reported beneficial to some friction stir welded (FSW) aluminum alloys. But the effect of water cooling (WC) on the performance of dissimilar joints is still unclear. This work studies the effects of process parameters and water cooling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the dissimilar 2A12-T6/6061-T6 FSW joints. Two rotational speeds (1200 and 1500 rpm) and one welding speed (80 mm min−1) were adopted. The macro/micro structural characteristics, microhardness distribution, tensile properties and fracture morphology have been investigated. The results show 2A12 on advancing side shows the higher plasticizing degree than 6061 during FSW. Cracks and tunnels are found in nugget zone (NZ) of 1200-80WC joint due to the poor fluidity of metals. The average grain size of NZ increases with the rotational speed and can be decreased by water cooling. For all of the joints, the lowest hardness positions locate in the heat affected zone of 6061. The effect of water cooling on hardness is found related to the nature of material and the rotational speed. The 1200-80 joint shows the best mechanical properties. Water cooling damages the mechanical properties of the 1200-80 joint by inducing void and crack defects. However, it enhances the strength of 1500-80 joint. The 1200-80WC joint fractures in NZ while others fracture in the positions with the lowest hardness. The fracture locations and morphology accord well with the microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties.
The upper critical field in the BiCh2-based superconductors CeOBiS1.7Se0.3 and PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-x
Se
x
(x = 0, 0.3)
Authors: Kiyama Ryosuke , Hoshi Kazuhisa , Goto Yosuke , Nagao Masanori , Mizuguchi Yoshikazu
Published: May 2022

We report the upper critical field (B
c2) in the BiCh2-based superconductors CeOBiS1.7Se0.3 and PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-x
Se
x
(x = 0, 0.3). Single crystals of CeOBiS1.7Se0.3 and PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-x
Se
x
(x = 0, 0.3) were grown using the flux method. Single-crystal structural analysis revealed that the crystal structure at room temperature is tetragonal (P4/nmm). Through electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements, bulk superconductivity was observed in all samples. For CeOBiS1.7Se0.3, the in-plane B
c2 is smaller than the conventional orbital limit and Pauli limit, suggesting that ferromagnetic ordering, which has been observed in a related Ce-containing BiCh2-based compound, affects B
c2 and superconductivity. In contrast, high in-plane B
c2 was observed for PrO0.5F0.5BiS2-x
Se
x
(x = 0, 0.3). We propose that the in-plane B
c2 is enhanced by antisymmetric spin–orbit coupling, which arises from the lack of local inversion symmetry.
Reliability aspects of binary vector-matrix-multiplications using ReRAM devices
Authors: Bengel Christopher , Mohr Johannes , Wiefels Stefan , Singh Abhairaj , Gebregiorgis Anteneh , Bishnoi Rajendra , Hamdioui Said , Waser Rainer , Wouters Dirk , Menzel Stephan
Published: May 2022

Computation-in-memory using memristive devices is a promising approach to overcome the performance limitations of conventional computing architectures introduced by the von Neumann bottleneck which are also known as memory wall and power wall. It has been shown that accelerators based on memristive devices can deliver higher energy efficiencies and data throughputs when compared with conventional architectures. In the vast multitude of memristive devices, bipolar resistive switches based on the valence change mechanism (VCM) are particularly interesting due to their low power operation, non-volatility, high integration density and their CMOS compatibility. While a wide range of possible applications is considered, many of them such as artificial neural networks heavily rely on vector-matrix-multiplications (VMMs) as a mathematical operation. These VMMs are made up of large numbers of multiplication and accumulation (MAC) operations. The MAC operation can be realised using memristive devices in an analog fashion using Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s law. However, VCM devices exhibit a range of non-idealities, affecting the VMM performance, which in turn impacts the overall accuracy of the application. Those non-idealities can be classified into time-independent (programming variability) and time-dependent (read disturb and read noise). Additionally, peripheral circuits such as analog to digital converters can introduce errors during the digitalization. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the impact of device- and circuit-level effects on the VMM in a VCM crossbars. Our analysis shows that the variability of the low resistive state plays a key role and that reading in the RESET direction should be favored to reading in the SET direction.
Comparison and analysis of product stage and service life uncertainties in life cycle assessment of building elements
Authors: Morales Michele F D , Ries Robert J , Kirchheim Ana Paula , Passuello Ana
Published: May 2022

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has the potential to inform building decisions from the planning process to conceptual design. As such, there is intrinsic uncertainty that needs to be explored further to allow for proper decisions to be made. These uncertainties may be related to parameter definition, such as life cycle inventory or model as service life definition. This paper aims to analyze the influence of two recognized sources of uncertainties in LCA of buildings: product stage uncertainties and uncertainties from SL during the use stage. The Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to conduct uncertainty analysis of the LCA results of four building elements, namely, external cement plaster, external clay brick wall, external painting and internal painting. The functional unit is 1 m2 of each building element. Three different building reference study periods are considered: 50, 120 and 500 years. A global warming potential impact category is chosen since it is one of the most significant indicators for climate change mitigation strategies. Results indicate that SL uncertainties are greater than product stage uncertainties for the four building elements analyzed. Furthermore, based on the findings from this study, distribution choice influences the uncertainty analysis results in Monte Carlo simulation. Standardizing modeling of SL in the LCA of buildings could guide building LCA practitioners and researchers and lead to more comparable results.
Terminally differentiated osteoclasts organize centrosomes into large clusters for microtubule nucleation and bone resorption
Authors: Philip Reuben , Fiorino Cara , Harrison Rene E.
Published: May 2022

Here we show that, in addition to Golgi-derived microtubule nucleation, osteoclasts preserve and exploit centrosomes by aggregating them into superstructures capable of increased microtubule production. This work provides a new context for the centrosome clustering mechanism previously only seen in cancer cells with extra centrosomes.
Utility of Whole Blood Real-Time PCR Testing for the Diagnosis of Early Lyme Disease
Authors: Pratt George W , Platt Mihae , Velez Ana , Rao Lokinendi V
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Whole blood real-time polymerase chain reaction (WB-RTPCR) detection of Borrelia burgdorferi is not currently recommended for diagnosing Lyme disease. This study aims to elucidate the utility of WB-RTPCR as a diagnostic aid for early Lyme disease (ELD), defined as either positive PCR or positive immunoglobulin M with negative immunoglobulin G immunoblot.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 33,199 blood specimens evaluated concurrently by WB-RTPCR and antibody-capture serology (ACEIA) methods (group A). Fifty-six pairs of specimens from a separate data set were retrospectively identified and analyzed at initial and follow-up time points to monitor for seroconversion (group B). Also, a separate data set of 2,526 specimens concurrently assessed by molecular and modified two-tiered enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology methods was analyzed (group C).

Results

Group A yielded 1,379 specimens consistent with ELD when tested by ACEIA and WB-RTPCR. In total, 131 (9.5% of positive results) were identified by WB-RTPCR, with negative serology. Group C identified 358 samples compatible with ELD, with 31 (8.7% of positive results) identified by RTPCR alone.

Conclusions

When used concurrently with serologic testing, WB-RTPCR testing increases diagnostic sensitivity in cases of ELD.
Selection by design: Using job analysis to guide the selection of postgraduate pharmacy residents
Authors: Reed Brent N , Devabhakthuni Sandeep , Gale Stormi E , Heil Emily L , Hsu Grace , Martinelli Ashley N , Bernhardi Ciera L , Pires Stephanie , Yeung Siu Yan A
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To help ensure that we were accurately and consistently evaluating applicants to our postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency program, we performed a job analysis to inform a redesign of our selection process.

A diverse panel of subject matter experts from our program was convened to develop a task inventory; a list of knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics necessary for success in our program; and behavioral snapshots representing especially strong or weak resident performance (ie, critical incidents). After achieving a priori thresholds of consensus, these items were used to augment our application screening instrument (eg, development of anchored rating scales), build an online supplemental application consisting of a personality test and situational judgment test, develop a work sample consisting of a patient case presentation, and enhance the structure of our interviews (eg, by asking a consistent pattern of questions for all candidates). Preceptors reported that the redesigned process was more organized, easier to complete, and facilitated greater rating consistency.

Conclusion

Job analysis represents an approach to designing selection processes that are more valid, reliable, transparent, and fair. Based on our experiences, recommendations for those who are considering changes to their selection process are provided.
Confluenine G, a new compound from a basidiomycetous yeast Moesziomyces sp. FKI-9540 derived the gut of a moth Acherontia lachesis (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae)
Authors: Kondo Naozumi , Sakai Kazunari , Kimishima Aoi , Hokari Rei , Honsho Masako , Sato Mai , Naher Kamrun , Yuge Hidetaka , Iwatsuki Masato , Nonaka Kenichi , Asami Yukihiro
Published: May 2022

Most natural products derived from microorganisms have been sought from actinomycetes and filamentous fungi. As an attempt to develop new microbial resources in the exploratory research for natural products, we searched for new compounds from unexploited microbial taxa presumed to have biosynthetic gene clusters. A new compound confluenine G (1) and a known compound (2Z)-2-octyl-2-pentenedioic acid (2) were isolated from a cultured broth of basidiomycetous yeast, Moesziomyces sp. FKI-9540, derived from the gut of a moth Acherontia lachesis (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae). Based on the results of HR-ESI-MS and NMR analyses, the planar structure of 1 was elucidated. Confluenine G (1) was a new analog of nitrogen-oxidized isoleucine and had rare substructures with oxime and hydroxamic acid in molecule
Let there be clades: phylogenetics ofMimosaseriesPachycarpaeandSetosae(Fabaceae) improves the infrageneric classification of the genus
Authors: Borges Leonardo M , Pastore José Floriano B , Souza Adriana F C , Pirani José Rubens , Simon Marcelo F
Published: May 2022

Full implementation of phylogenetic classifications remains pending, particularly to delimit infrageneric divisions of large genera. Mimosa, one of the largest genera of Fabaceae, includes five sections and 41 series, most of which are not monophyletic. Here we investigated the phylogenetic relationship among species of Mimosa series Pachycarpae and Setosae, two diverse series from the Brazilian Cerrado (savanna) Domain. We analysed morphological and molecular data for a wide taxonomic sample in a total-evidence approach. Our results show the non-monophyly of these series is more problematic than previously realized and extends to M. series Piresianae. Nonetheless, most taxa of M. series Pachycarpae and Setosae fall in a clade, which has an enlarged underground organ as one of its synapomorphies and an important functional trait underlying adaptation to fire in the Cerrado Domain. On the basis of these results, and after transferring some species to M. series Piresianae, we synonymize M. series Setosae under M. series Pachycarpae. These updates are a first step towards aligning the infrageneric classification of Mimosa with the tenets of phylogenetic systematics.
ATXN2 intermediate expansions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Glass Jonathan D , Dewan Ramita , Ding Jinhui , Gibbs J Raphael , Dalgard Clifton , Keagle Pamela J , Shankaracharya  , García-Redondo Alberto , Traynor Bryan J , Chia Ruth , Landers John E
Published: May 2022

Intermediate CAG (polyQ) expansions in the gene ataxin-2 (ATXN2) are now recognized as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The threshold for increased risk is not yet firmly established, with reports ranging from 27 to 31 repeats.

We investigated the presence of ATXN2 polyQ expansions in 9268 DNA samples collected from people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal dementia alone, Lewy body dementia and age matched controls.

This analysis confirmed ATXN2 intermediate polyQ expansions of ≥31 as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with an odds ratio of 6.31. Expansions were an even greater risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia (odds ratio 27.59) and a somewhat lesser risk for frontotemporal dementia alone (odds ratio 3.14). There was no increased risk for Lewy body dementia. In a subset of 1362 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with complete clinical data, we could not confirm previous reports of earlier onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or shorter survival in 25 patients with expansions.

These new data confirm ≥31 polyQ repeats in ATXN2 increase the risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and also for the first time show an even greater risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia. The lack of a more aggressive phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with expansions has implications for ongoing gene-silencing trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Combinations of anti-GITR antibody and CD28 superagonist ameliorated dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse colitis
Authors: Ma Kuai , Que Weitao , Hu Xin , Guo Wen-Zhi , Zhong Liang , Ueda Daisuke , Gu Er-li , Li Xiao-Kang
Published: May 2022

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa with an unclear etiology. Interleukin (IL)-10 has been reported to play a crucial role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the intestinal environment. Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are a subset of CD4+Foxp3− T cells able to secrete high amounts of IL-10 with potent immunosuppressive properties. In this study, we found that the combination of anti-GITR antibody (G3c) and CD28 superagonist (D665) treatment stimulated the generation of a large amount of Tr1 cells. Furthermore, G3c/D665 treatment not only significantly relieved severe mucosal damage but also reduced the incidence of colonic shortening, weight loss, and hematochezia. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) upregulated the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-C chemokine receptor type 5, and Bax in splenic lymphocytes (SPLs) and colon tissues, while G3c/D665 treatment conversely inhibited the increase in mRNA levels of these genes. In addition, G3c/D665 treatment altered the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in SPLs, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs). Thus, the combination of G3c and D665 treatment showed efficacy against DSS-induced UC in mice by inducing a large amount of Tr1 cell generation via the musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma pathways in vivo and relieving inflammatory responses both systematically and locally.
Primary hyperoxaluria: the adult nephrologist's point of
view
Authors: Moochhala Shabbir H , Worcester Elaine M
Published: May 2022

In adults, primary hyperoxaluria (PH) does not always present as obviously as in children, leading to delayed or even missed diagnosis. When diagnosed in adulthood, PH usually progresses at a slower rate and the focus is on the prevention of recurrent kidney stones as much as it is on the preservation of renal function. The most tragic presentation is when the diagnosis is made after primary non-function of a renal graft for treating previously unknown renal disease. Recurrent stones, nephrocalcinosis and features of systemic oxalosis can all be presenting features. For these reasons, consideration should be given to screening for this rare condition, using biochemical and/or genetic means, but being careful to exclude common differential diagnoses. Such efforts should be synchronized with diagnostic methods for other rare kidney diseases.