bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mid-term clinical outcomes of the uncemented Robert Mathys pressfit cup
Authors: Ramsodit Kishan Ritek , Sierevelt Inger N , Janssen Esther R C , Kaarsemaker Sjoerd , Haverkamp Daniël
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The use of uncemented cups during total hip arthroplasty (THA) has gained popularity in recent years. The Robert Mathys (RM) pressfit cup, an uncemented monoblock implant is expected to preserve bone density due to its composition and external surface, while reducing backside wear with its monoblock construction. These factors should lead to a high survival rate of the implant.

AIM

To evaluate the mid-term survival and functional outcome of the RM Pressfit cup in a large study population.

METHODS

Between 2011 and 2020, we included 1324 patients receiving a primary THA using the RM pressfit cup. Final clinical follow-up was performed at 2 years postoperatively with the Dutch arthroplasty register used to assess implant status thereafter. Revision for acetabular failure and reason for revision were reported to evaluate implant survival, while the hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS) scores were used to assess functional outcome.

RESULTS

The mean age at surgery was 64.9 years. The mean follow-up was 4.6 years. Of the 1324 THAs performed, 13 needed cup revisions within 5 years after index THA: 5 due to aseptic loosening, 6 due to infection, 2 due to dislocation and 2 due to other causes. This resulted in a 5-year cup survival of 98.8% (95%CI: 98.1-99.5). Nine of the cup revisions occurred within the first year after index THA. HOOS scores increased significantly in all domains during the first year and levelled out during the second year.

CONCLUSION

In the present study, the RM pressfit cup demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up; however, future studies are needed to assess the long-term outcomes of this acetabular implant.
Relationship between dietary fiber intake and chronic diarrhea in adults
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Yan , Zhang Yu-Jing , Peng Li-Hua
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Dietary fiber is essential for human health and can help reduce the symptoms of constipation. However, the relationship between dietary fiber and diarrhea is, poorly understood.

AIM

To evaluate the relationship between dietary fiber and chronic diarrhea.

METHODS

This retrospective study was conducted using data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted between 2005 and 2010. Participants over the age of 20 were included. To measure dietary fiber consumption, two 24-hour meal recall interviews were conducted. The independent relationship between the total amount of dietary fiber and chronic diarrhea was evaluated with multiple logistic regression and interaction analysis.

RESULTS

Data from 12829 participants were analyzed. Participants without chronic diarrhea consumed more dietary fiber than participants with chronic diarrhea (29.7 vs 28.5, P = 0.004). Additionally, in participants with chronic diarrhea, a correlation between sex and dietary fiber intake was present: Women who consume more than 25 g of dietary fiber daily can reduce the occurrence of chronic diarrhea.

CONCLUSION

Dietary fiber can reduce the occurrence of chronic diarrhea.
Main focus of parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the effectiveness of early clinical screening
Authors: Li Jia-Wen , Gao Ke , Yang Xiao-Yun , Li Zhi-Fei
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental and behavioral disorder among children.

AIM

To explore the focus of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder parents and the effectiveness of early clinical screening

METHODS

This study found that the main directions of parents seeking medical help were short attention time for children under 7 years old (16.6%) and poor academic performance for children over 7 years old (12.1%). We employed a two-stage experiment to diagnose ADHD. Among the 5683 children evaluated from 2018 to 2021, 360 met the DSM-5 criteria. Those diagnosed with ADHD underwent assessments for letter, number, and figure attention. Following the exclusion of ADHD-H diagnoses, the detection rate rose to 96.0%, with 310 out of 323 cases identified.

RESULTS

This study yielded insights into the primary concerns of parents regarding their children's symptoms and validated the efficacy of a straightforward diagnostic test, offering valuable guidance for directing ADHD treatment, facilitating early detection, and enabling timely intervention. Our research delved into the predominant worries of parents across various age groups. Furthermore, we showcased the precision of the simple exclusion experiment in discerning between ADHD-I and ADHD-C in children.

CONCLUSION

Our study will help diagnose and guide future treatment directions for ADHD.
Clinical characteristics and analysis of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss in different ages
Authors: Zhang Yan-Zhuo , Wang Ya-Bo , Fang Jing-Lei , Wang Yue-Tang , Li Gui-Fang , Liu Ran-Ran , Shi Shu-Jing , Wang Chun-Hua , Tian Yong-Tao
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Numerous studies have found that patients experiencing sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL), with or without accompanying vertigo, often show impaired vestibular function. However, there is a dearth of studies analyzing vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in SSHL patients across various age groups.

AIM

To investigate vestibular condition in SSHL patients across various age demographics.

METHODS

Clinical data of 84 SSHL patients were investigated retrospectively. Audiometry, cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (c-VEMPs), and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (o-VEMPs) were conducted on these patients. Parameters assessed included the latencies of P1 and N1 waves, as well as the amplitudes of P1–N1 waves. Moreover, the study evaluated the influence of factors such as sex, affected side, configuration of hearing loss, and presence of accompanying vertigo.

RESULTS

Among the 84 SSHL patients, no significant differences were observed among the three groups in terms of gender, affected side, and the presence or absence of vertigo. Group II (aged 41–60 years) had the highest number of SSHL cases. The rates of absent o-VEMPs in the affected ears were 20.83%, 31.58%, and 22.72% for the three age groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference among them. The rates of absent c-VEMPs in the affected ears were 8.3%, 34.21%, and 18.18% for the three age groups, respectively, with significant differences. In the unaffected ears, there were differences observed in the extraction rates of o-VEMPs in the unaffected ears among the age groups. In the three age groups, no significant differences were noted in the three age groups in the latencies of P1 and N1 waves or in the amplitude of N1–P1 waves for c-VEMPs and o-VEMPs, either on the affected side or on the unaffected side, across the three age groups.

CONCLUSION

The extraction rate of VEMPs is more valuable than parameters. Regardless of the presence of vertigo, vestibular organs are involved in SSHL. Notably, SSHL patients aged 41–60 appear more susceptible to damage to the inferior vestibular nerve and saccule.
Effect of nursing intervention on rehabilitation of patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps after nasal endoscopy
Authors: Xu Hui , Pan Miao , Zhu Lin
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Chronic sinusitis is a kind of chronic suppurative inflammation of the sinus mucosa. Nasal endoscopy is a good method to treat nasal polyps. However postoperative rehabilitation and care should not be neglected.

AIM

To investigate the Effect of nursing intervention on the rehabilitation of patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps (CSNPS) after nasal endoscopy.

METHODS

A total of 129 patients with CSNPS hospitalized from February 2017 to February 2019 were studied. Using the digital parity method, we investigated nursing cooperation strategies for endoscopic surgery. The comparison group (64 cases): Surgical nursing was carried out with traditional nursing measures; experimental group (65 cases): Surgical nursing was carried out by traditional nursing countermeasures + comprehensive nursing measures. We compared postoperative recovery rates, nursing satisfaction rates, and nasal cavity ratings between the two groups.

RESULTS

Experimental group patients with CSNPS had a significantly higher recovery rate (98.46%) compared to the control group (79.69%). This difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 11.748, P < 0.05). Additionally, the satisfaction rate with treatment was also significantly higher in the experimental group (98.46%) compared to the control group (79.69%), with a statistically significant difference (χ 2 = 11.748, P < 0.05). Before nursing, there was no significant difference in sinus nasal cavity scores between the experimental group (20.29 ± 7.25 points) and the control group (20.30 ± 7.27 points) (t = 0.008, P > 0.05). However, after nursing, the sinus nasal cavity score in the experimental group (8.85 ± 3.22 points) was significantly lower than that in the control group (14.99 ± 5.02 points) (t = 8.282, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Comprehensive nursing intervention in patients with CSNPS can significantly improve the total recovery rate after endoscopic surgery.
Better understanding of c-reactive protein and leukocytes in psychiatric inpatients with affective disorders: A biopsychosocial approach
Authors: Kölblinger Felix , Schönthaler Elena MD , Baranyi Andreas , Stross Tatjana , Fellendorf Frederike T , von Lewinski Dirk , Queissner Robert , Reininghaus Eva Z , Dalkner Nina
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Affective disorders (AD) have been linked to inflammatory processes, although the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still not fully elucidated. It is hypothesized that demographic, somatic, lifestyle, and personality variables predict inflammatory parameters in AD.

AIM

To identify biopsychosocial factors contributing to inflammation in AD measured with two parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocytes.

METHODS

This observational study investigated 186 hospital inpatients diagnosed with AD using demographic parameters, serum inflammatory markers, somatic variables, psychological questionnaires, and lifestyle parameters. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to predict inflammatory markers from demographic, somatic, lifestyle, and personality variables.

RESULTS

Analyses showed that 33.8% of the variance of CRP was explained by body mass index and other somatic medication (e.g. anti-diabetics), age and education, and age of affective disorder diagnosis. For leukocytes, 20.1% of the variance was explained by smoking, diet, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and anti-inflammatory medication (e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Other psychiatric or behavioural variables did not reach significance.

CONCLUSION

Metabolic components seem important, with mounting evidence for a metabolic affective disorder subtype. Lifestyle modifications and psychoeducation should be employed to prevent or treat MetS in AD.
Effect of capsule treatment on visual acuity and quality after phacoemulsification lens implantation in myopic patients with cataract
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Qi , Zhou Fang , Feng Bo , Wu Wan-Ling
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Cataracts pose a significant clinical burden due to their complex pathogenesis. In recent years, an increase in cataracts coexisting with myopia has heightened the incidence of retinopathy and posterior vitreous detachment. Additionally, symptoms of ocular axis elongation, lens nucleus hardening, and vitreous liquefaction have become more prevalent. While conventional extracapsular cataract extraction is commonly employed, it often yields suboptimal visual outcomes. Subsequent advancements in cataract phacoemulsification and lens implantation surgeries have gained widespread acceptance for their ability to improve refraction and significantly improve uncorrected visual acuity.

AIM

To investigate the effect of capsular treatment after phacoemulsification lens implantation in myopic patients with cataract.

METHODS

We selected 110 patients (with 134 eyes) with myopia and cataracts treated. These patients were categorized into two groups: an observation group (57 patients with 70 eyes) and a control group (53 patients with 64 eyes). The control group underwent cataract phacoemulsification and lens implantation, while the observation group received a refined capsular treatment based on the control group’s procedure. We assessed the differences in visual acuity and quality between the two groups before and after surgery.

RESULTS

At six months post-operation, the observation group exhibited significantly improved far vision, intermediate vision, near vision, lower objective scattering index, higher Modulation transfer function cut-off frequency, and overall vision metrics at different contrast levels (100%, 20% and 9%) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The total score of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire in the observation group at 6 months after operation was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was observed between the observation group and control group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Capsular treatment demonstrates efficacy in improving visual acuity and quality after phacoemulsification lens implantation in myopic patients with cataracts, warranting its clinical application.
Hepatic amyloidosis in a patient with chronic liver failure: A case report
Authors: Chen Yan , Peng Jing , Wang Yao , Xiao Li-Hua , Liu Fang , Wei Yin-Bin , Wu Xiong-Fei , Wang Lu-Wen
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Amyloidosis is a rare disorder that can be classified into various types, and the most common type is the systemic light chain type. The prognosis of this disease is extremely poor. In general, amyloidosis mainly affects the kidneys and heart and manifests as abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells. Cases in which the liver is the primary organ affected by amyloidosis, as in this report, are less common in clinical practice.

CASE SUMMARY

A 62-year-old man was admitted with persistent liver dysfunction of unknown cause and poor treatment outcomes. His condition persisted, and he developed chronic liver failure, with severe cholestasis in the later stage that was gradually accompanied by renal injury. Ultimately, he was diagnosed with hepatic amyloidosis through liver biopsy and pathological examination.

CONCLUSION

Hepatic amyloidosis rarely occurs in the clinic, and liver biopsy and pathological examination can assist in the accurate and effective diagnosis of this condition.
Early detection of pancreatic cancer in patients with recurrent pancreatitis: A case report
Authors: Wei Cheng , Li Yi-Chen , Jin Hong-Tao , Li De-Feng , Wang Li-Sheng , Yao Jun
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Pancreatic cancer presents a challenge with its low early diagnosis and treatment rates, leading to high metastasis and mortality rates. The median survival time for advanced pancreatic cancer is a mere 3 months. However, there's hope: small pancreatic cancers diagnosed at an early stage (T1) or those less than or equal to 1 cm in diameter boast an impressive 5-year survival rate of nearly 100%. This underscores the critical importance of early pancreatic cancer detection for significantly improving prognosis.

CASE SUMMARY

Pancreatic cancer, a malignant tumor of the digestive tract, poses challenges in both diagnosis and treatment due to its occult and atypical clinical symptoms. Clinically, patients with recurrent pancreatitis should be vigilant, as it may be indicative of pancreatic cancer, particularly in middle-aged and elderly patients. Here, we presented the case of a patient who experienced recurrent acute pancreatitis within a span of 2 months. During the initial episode of pancreatitis, routine imaging failed to identify the cause of pancreatic cancer. However, upon recurrence of acute pancreatitis, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) revealed a space-occupying lesion approximately 1 cm in size in the pancreatic body. Subsequent EUS coupled with fine-needle aspiration examination demonstrated atypical pancreatic gland epithelium. Ultimately, the patient underwent surgery and was diagnosed with an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas (severe epithelial dysplasia, focal cancer).

CONCLUSION

We recommend EUS for patients with recurrent pancreatitis of unknown etiology to exclude early pancreatic cancer.
Silicone oil migrating into the conjunctival space and orbit after surgery for an eye-penetrating injury: A case report
Authors: Shu Ben-Liang , Wu Hong-Yun , Hu Yu-Xiang , Rao Jie , Wei Bin , Huang Qin-Yi , Wu Xiao-Rong
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

We report a case of eye-penetrating injury in which a massive silicone oil migration into the patient’s subconjunctival space and orbit occurred after vitrectomy.

CASE SUMMARY

A 30-year-old male patient sought medical attention at Ganzhou People’s Hospital after experiencing pain and vision loss in his left eye due to a nail wound on December 9, 2023. Diagnosis of penetrating injury caused by magnetic foreign body retention in the left eye and hospitalization for treatment. On December 9, 2023, pars plana vitrectomy was performed on the left eye for intraocular foreign body removal, abnormal crystal extraction, retinal photocoagulation. Owing to the discovery of retinal detachment at the posterior pole during surgery, silicone oil was injected to fill the vitreous body, following which upper conjunctival bubble-like swelling was observed. Postoperative orbital computed tomography (CT) review indicated migration of silicone oil to the subconjunctival space and orbit through a self-permeable outlet. On December 18, 2023, the patient sought treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China. The patient presented with a pronounced foreign body sensation following left eye surgery. On December 20, 2023, the foreign body was removed from the left eye frame and an intraocular examination was conducted. The posterior scleral tear had closed, leading to termination of the surgical procedure following supplementary laser treatment around the tear. The patient reported a significant reduction in ocular surface symptoms just one day after surgery. Furthermore, a notable decrease in the migration of silicone oil was observed in orbital CT scans.

CONCLUSION

The timing of silicone oil injection for an eye-penetrating injury should be carefully evaluated to avoid the possibility of silicone oil migration.
A rare presentation of unicentric Castleman's disease in the thigh: A case report and review of literature
Authors: AlSheikh Sultan , Altoijry Abdulmajeed , Al-Mubarak Husain , Alsallum Ofays Dakkam , Alakeel Fadi , Alanezi Tariq
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative, emulating both benign and malignant diseases. The diagnosis of CD is formulated upon the combination of clinical and laboratory criteria and ultimately confirmed by histopathological assessment. Due to its rarity, CD presents a challenge in treatment selection, with available options encompassing surgery, chemotherapy, and autologous stem cell transplantation. However, studies suggest that surgical resection of the lesion is the most effective treatment modality, especially for unicentric CD (UCD).

CASE SUMMARY

Here, we describe the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with painless left thigh swelling for 10 wk. She had been following a low-fat diet to lose weight and had normal laboratory results. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-circumscribed, demarcated cystic lesion located in the left inguinal region with eccentrically positioned signal void vascular structures, measuring 4.3 cm × 3 cm × 3.2 cm, likely of lymphoid origin. The patient underwent surgical resection, and the final histopathology showed a vascular proliferation and hyalinization of the vessel walls, along with atretic germinal centers traversed by penetrating vessels, consistent with CD. The patient was discharged home one day after the procedure in good condition, with a follow-up appointment scheduled in our outpatient clinic.

CONCLUSION

Although surgical resection is the mainstay for UCD, a multidisciplinary approach is needed due the lack of specific diagnostic features and treatments.
Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of obstructive shock caused by venous air embolism: A case report
Authors: Zhu Gui-Wei , Li Yan-Min , Yue Wen-Hui , Sun Jian-Xia , Zhou Xin , Xu Ying-Xia , Wang Hai-Bo , Zhang Qing-Hai
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Venous air embolism (VAE) is a potentially lethal condition, with a reported incidence rate of about 0.13%, and the true incidence may be higher since many VAE are asymptomatic. The current treatments for VAE include Durant's maneuver, aspiration and removal of air through venous catheters, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. For critically ill patients, use of cardiotonic drugs and chest compressions remain useful strategies. The wider availability of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has brought a new option for VAE patients.

CASE SUMMARY

A 53-year-old female patient with VAE presented to the emergency clinic due to abdominal pain with fever for 1 d and unconsciousness for 2 h. One day ago, the patient suffered from abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea. She suddenly became unconscious after going to the toilet during the intravenous infusion of ciprofloxacin 2 h ago, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, during which a small amount of gastric contents were discharged. She was immediately sent to a local hospital, where cranial and chest computed tomography showed bilateral pneumonia as well as accumulated air visible in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. The condition deteriorated despite endotracheal intubation, rehydration, and other treatments, and the patient was then transferred to our hospital. Veno-arterial ECMO was applied in our hospital, and the patient's condition gradually improved. The patient was successfully weaned from ECMO and extubated after two days.

CONCLUSION

ECMO may be an important treatment for patients with VAE in critical condition.
Diversity of blood parameters of Oryctolagus cuniculus var. domestica L. reared in different ecological regions of Zarafshan oasis, Uzbekistan
Authors: KHAYITOV DAVRON , RAJAMURADOV ZAYNITDIN , BAZAROV BAXRITDIN , KUZIEV MIRZOXID , ISMAYILOVA MARKHAMAT , ALLANAZAROVA NATALYA , AMINJONOV SHARIFKUL , TОJIKULOVA OYSОRA , RAKHMATOVA NIGORA , NAMAZOVA DILNOZA , NORMURODOVA MUZAFFARA , KHUJABEKOV MIRZAAHMAD , KHAYDAROV DILOVAR , RAJAMURADOVA NURNISO
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Khayitov D, Rajamuradov Z, Bazarov B, Kuziev M, Ismayilova M, Allanazarova N, Aminjonov S, T?jikulova O, Rakhmatova N, Namazova D, Normurodova M, Khujabekov M, Khaydarov D, Rajamuradova N. 2024. Diversity of blood parameters of Oryctolagus cuniculus L. var. domestica reared in different ecological regions of Zarafshan oasis, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 25: 1465-1471. In the last 30 years, there has been a trend of rapid pollution of the atmosphere under the influence of climate change, urbanization and anthropogenic factors. According to statistics, the quality of the products obtained from agricultural animals deteriorates under the influence of the above-mentioned stress factors in some regions of Uzbekistan, and the number of livestock decreases annually by 1.8-2.3%. In this regard, there is an increasing need to research the effects of extreme climate and abiotic factors on rabbits' physiological state and biochemical indicators to effectively maintain agricultural animals, including rabbits, in extreme conditions and increase their productivity. This study is one of the first studies of this type, aimed at determining the blood parameters of the Chinchilla breed of rabbit - Oryctolagus cuniculus var. domestica L., raised in the ecological regions of Zarafshan oasis (Uzbekistan) with different air temperatures, rainfall, and atmospheric pollution. The lack of information in scientific sources on the variability of blood parameters in rabbits raised in different ecological regions due to changes in climate indicators and atmospheric air pollution indicates that in-depth research has not been conducted in this regard. According to the results of the research, rearing in ecological regions with different air temperatures, rainfall, and atmospheric pollution has a direct effect on the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin in the blood of rabbits, the composition of blood proteins, and indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in the blood. Changes in these indicators are observed by environmental pollution. The information presented in the article serves to explain the diversity of blood parameters in O. cuniculus, kept in different ecological environments, and to choose the right approach for feeding rabbits.
Potency of tubers and rhizomes of Java local foods as prebiotics and their effects toward bacterial diversity in mice cecum
Authors: WASKITA YUDHA , PANGASTUTI ARTINI , LISTYAWATI SHANTI , SARI SITI LUSI ARUM
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Waskita Y, Pangastuti A, Listyawati S, Sari SLA. 2024. Potency of tubers and rhizomes of java local foods as prebiotics and their effects toward bacterial diversity in mice cecum. Biodiversitas 25: 1544-1553. Tubers and rhizomes (TR) as Java local foods were less attention by people. Local foods contain IP (indigestible polysaccharides) content as prebiotic. The study aimed to analysis the prebiotic potency of TR extracts based on IP content and their effects toward increasing probiotic bacterial number, the TR extracts toward short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in probiotic media, and the TR extracts toward SCFA profiles and bacterial diversity in mice cecum. Tubers used were purple yam (Dioscorea alata var. purpurea), air potato (D. bulbifera), porang (Amorphophallus muelleri), Asiatic yam (D. esculenta), Asiatic bitter yam (D. hispida), white spot giant arum (A. paeoniifolius), yam bean (Pachyrizus erosus), and Hausa potato (Coleus rotundifolius). Rhizomes used were taro (Colocasia esculenta), arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), and canna lilly (Canna indica). Work steps were extraction of TR, DNS assay, total sugar assay after acidic and enzymatic digestion, stimulation on increasing probiotic bacterial number (Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium bifidum), SCFA production of probiotics, mice treatment, SCFA extraction in cecum, and determination of cecum bacterial communities. The highest IP contents were arrowroot, purple yam, air potato, porang, Asiatic yam, and taro extracts. These extracts except taro have higher IP content than inulin. The highest increasing probiotic bacterial number and SCFA production were shown by arrowroot extract rather than purple yam, air potato, and inulin. Bacteria communities had a high diversity value that showed micro-ecosystem balance in the cecum. Arrowroot was the same with inulin in increasing probiotics SCFA producers (Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, [Ruminococcus], Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Bifidobacterium) and decreasing pathogenic bacteria (Lachnoclostridium, Helicobacter, and Lawsonia) in mice cecum compared with control feed. Mucispirillum as a pathobiont-commensal had the same abundance in three feed treatments. Bacteria fermentation in the cecum produced the highest SCFA concentration in the 5% arrowroot feed treatment. Arrowroot had better prebiotic potency for the future.
Richness and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with quelites in the Sierra Sur region of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: VILLAGÓMEZ-GONZÁLEZ BETHSABE BELEM , ROBLES CELERINO , CARBALLAR-HERNANDEZ SANTOS
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Villagómez-González BB, Robles C, Carballar-Hernandez S. 2024. Richness and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with quelites in the Sierra Sur region of Oaxaca, Mexico. Biodiversitas 25: xxxx. Wild plant species that are collected and consumed by local populations are called “quelites”. In Mexico, and particularly in the state of Oaxaca, the culture of collecting and consuming quelites is widely preserved. The interactions of wild plants with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) promote the successful establishment of plants in ecosystems and allow their survival. The aim of this work was to characterize the richness, diversity, and population structure of mycorrhizal interaction in five species of quelites. The structure of AMF communities was different among the five quelite species. A total of 42 AMF morphospecies grouped into five families and 12 genera were identified. The composition of AMF communities in the five species of quelites studied was significantly different. The Acaulosporaceae family recorded the highest number of morphospecies (42% of the total), followed by the Glomeraceae and Ambisporaceae families (33 and 9.5% respectively). Funneliformis geosporum and Claroideoglomus claroideum were the predominant AMF morphospecies. The AMF communities with greater diversity and equity indexes were recorded in the quelites Alloispermum sp. and Solanum americanum. The Jaccard similarity index separates quelite species into three groups, since the composition of AMF species was significantly different between these groups. The pH and available phosphorus of the soil affected the distribution and abundance of AMF species associated with the plant species studied.
Cloning and expression of Rubisco Like Protein (RLP) from halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL 5
Authors: SUDARMANTO IRWAN , SITOHANG LINCE , ROHMAN SAIFUR , ARTAMA WAYAN TUNAS
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Sudarmanto I, Sitohang L, Rohman S, Artama WT. 2024. Cloning and expression of Rubisco Like Protein (RLP) from halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL 5. Biodiversitas 25: 1605-1614. This research seeks to identify and determine the Rubisco-like protein characteristics from Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL 5 tested using a recombinant method approach. C. salexigens BKL 5 is a halophilic bacterium found in Bledug Kuwu Mud, Central Java. The Open Reading Frame (ORF) gene encoding Rubisco-like protein from that bacterium was successfully amplified using the polymerase chain reaction method using the primers we designed. Cloning of that gene on the pCold plasmid was carried out using the double digest method with the restriction enzymes NdeI and EcoRI. The results of plasmid transformation in Escherichia coli BL 21 were successful, indicating that the bacterial culture was grown in Luria Bertoni agar media containing the antibiotic ampicillin. Overexpression protein of the transformed Escherichia coli BL 21 shows that the effective temperature that produces maximum results is 16°C. The results of sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the protein belongs to the Rubisco family, namely Rubisco-like protein with a residue of 429 amino acids and a weight of 46 kDa. Prediction of 3D structures using the Alphafold tool gives an accuracy above 90%. Observation of the 3D structure shows that glutamic acid is more distributed on the surface of the protein which is important for protein solubility. Tests with SOPMA showed that this protein was dominated by random coil structure of 41.96% which was identical to that found in bacterial species in extreme habitats. The dynamic molecular analysis using Yasara at 10 ns showed that the protein had a tendency to undergo considerable deformation but remained stable.
Girmitya antecedents
Authors: Samaroo Brinsley
Published: June 2024

Brinsley Samaroo had a long career in academia and in politics during the last five decades. After secondary education at Naparima College in southern Trinidad, he went on scholarships to Delhi University (1961 to 1965) after which he obtained his PhD at London University in 1969. He researched and taught at the University of the West Indies (UWI) and at the University of Trinidad and Tobago (UTT). His major research interest was on the Indian Diaspora which was informed by his sojourn as a student in India and by his subsequent visits there as researcher and lecturer. As a politician he served as Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (1982–1986) and as the elected member and minister of government in the House of Representatives (1986–1991), Trinidad and Tobago.
Stories of reclamation, speculation and joy: An interview with Dutch-Surinamese Artist, Nazrina Rodjan
Authors: Rodjan Nazrina , Wahab Amar
Published: June 2024

Co-editor of the Journal of Indentureship and its Legacies, Amar Wahab, interviews Dutch-Surinamese visual artist, Nazrina Rodjan, about her recent exhibition, Kala Pani:1873–2023, which creatively intervenes in discourses about race, gender, queerness and indentureship in the Netherlands. Rodjan’s work is a critical response to the gendered racism within the Dutch archives and artworld, including its silencing of indentureship and its legacies. As such, the artist’s work is focused on ‘telling the stories and amplifying the voices of underrepresented communities,’ to counter the racism that is embedded within Dutch nationalism and homonationalism.
‘All you have to do is be your freest self on the field’: In conversation with Keshav Maharaj
Authors: Maharaj Keshav , Dabydeen David , Jacob Ben
Published: June 2024

In May 2022, David Dabydeen and Ben Jacob interviewed South African cricketer Keshav Maharaj. Maharaj – South Africa’s most successful spin-bowler since the nation’s readmission to international sport in 1991 – is the first descendant of an indentured worker, and only the third Indian South African, to play for South Africa’s cricket team. In the conversation, Mahraj reflects on the legacies of indentureship, being part of South Africa’s post-apartheid generation, his journey to the top of cricket, and his achievements on the international stage.
2021 Community Engagement Studio Virtual Training Summit: Increasing the Diversity of Stakeholders Engaged in Research
Authors: Fair Alecia , Dunkel Leah , Frost Marquetta , Israel Tiffany , Lane-MuMin Felicia , Lipham Lexie , Ray Devan , Spiroff Meghan , Witte Brieanne , Wolfsfeld Cathy , Bed Bed , Vaughn Yolanda , Miller Stephania T.
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Background: There are few methods that focus on engaging racial and ethnic minorities in research. The Meharry-Vanderbilt Community Engaged Research Core partnered with the University of Utah, the University of Michigan, and community/patient partners to convene a virtual summit to share the Community Engagement Studio (CE Studio) model, a structured and widely-used approach that facilitates community engagement in research. Objectives: The CE Studio Virtual Training Summit (Summit) goal was to prepare multi-stakeholder (e.g., researchers, community members) research teams to engage more racial/ethnic minorities in CE studios. Methods: Summit planning included (1) agenda development, including CE Studio training and a live CE Studio demonstration; (2) summit advertisement across several networks, including minority-serving institutions; and (3) development of pre-and post-Summit evaluations. Results: Among 50 registrants (76.7% academicians) that completed evaluations, more than 65% planned to increase engagement of racial/ethnic minorities in research and implement CE Studios as a result of the Summit. Increased confidence in all CE training areas was reported, including in conducting an effective CE Studio planning meeting (32.1% pre-Summit/90.3% post-Summit) and identifying and preparing patient/community stakeholders for engagement as CE Studio experts (46.4% pre-Summit/93.6% post-Summit). Conclusions: Virtual CE Studio training that includes multi-stakeholder planning partners can be an effective method for introducing the CE Studio model and preparing multi-stakeholder research teams to engage racial and ethnic minorities in CE Studios. This is particularly salient given that effective community engaged research methods and best practices are not currently being distributed through research programs at a pace consistent with the demands.
What Does the Pandemic Teach Us About X? Scenes of Banal Pedagogy
Authors: Alhojärvi Tuomo
Published: June 2024

Abstract: One does not simply live through a pandemic without learning. That the pandemic teaches us something has emerged as a ubiquitous micronarrative in media, policy, and critical thought. These teachings often combine generic blandness and revelatory hype, and are timed in ways that—amidst the enduring violences of viscous pandemics—can only be misplaced. They are, in other words, banal. Here, I stop at the brink of pandemic lessons to think with the proxemics of this scene. Returning to banality as an articulation of topology and tropology, of commonplaceness and triviality, this essay muses with three predicates of lessons ("the pandemic," "us," and "teach") to resist the givens of "times like these." The banal provides capacities for thought to labor recursively with its own topos, despite itself, without losing any of its irritating ambiguities.
History as Symphony: Navigating the Archive's Outside in Ginzburg and Berlioz
Authors: Finnsson Ari Hallgrímur
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This essay explores the question of the uncertain relationship between historical narratives, the archive, and past reality by drawing links between Carlo Ginzburg's 1976 The Cheese and the Worms , and Hector Berlioz's 1830 Symphonie Fantastique . I suggest that Ginzburg's microhistory provides valuable insight into how a mode of historical scholarship premised on the concept of translation might proceed. The symphony provides an example of translation in the medium of music and, by way of comparison with Ginzburg's text, illuminates how a similar mode is already operative within the historical work insofar as history remains a dialogical activity. Key, then, is that translation produces dialogical texts, where each voice contributes to the shared production of meaning.
Figurations of Greed: Marx's Habsucht and Heißhunger
Authors: Hamner M. Gail
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This essay experiments with the supposition that Christianity's seven deadly sins can be seen to constellate the affective dynamism at the heart of capitalist forms. Through a close reading of two terms used by Marx to index greed— Habsucht and Heißhunger —the essay tracks their performance as figurations that inhere sedimented histories, active contradictions, and filaments of alternative futurities.
Syon Abbey’s Books and the Strength of Weak Ties
Authors: King Julia
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This article applies Mark S. Granovetter’s influential 1973 study “The Strength of Weak Ties” to the networks of books and manuscripts related to Syon Abbey (founded 1415), England’s first and only Birgittine house. Granovetter’s study argues that it is one’s acquaintances, or weak ties, that are more influential in transmitting information within a network, rather than one’s close connections. Using network analysis, I have identified the weak ties in the networks of books, donors, and families related to Syon Abbey, traditionally recognized as a hub of late-medieval English devotional literary culture. My analysis of 560 nodes and 738 edges taken from Syon’s medieval period (1415–1539) reveals that Syon’s weak ties were most commonly family members of individual Syon sisters, who serve as so-called ‘bridging ties’ between Syon and other contemporary religious communities, including Benedictine Barking Abbey and Dominican Dartford Priory. These bridging ties may also have been conduits for the exchange of books and manuscripts between Syon and its contemporaries. In addition to identifying the possibility of a previously unrecognized relationship between Syon and other religious houses, this article also serves as an example of the validity of a promising method of data analysis for manuscript studies.
From Digitization and Images to Text and Content: Transkribus as a Case Study
Authors: Prebor Gila
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Over the last decades, libraries and archives have been increasingly investing in the digitization of their collections, including manuscripts, rare books, newspapers, archival material, and more. Many of these resources are freely accessible. However, the material accessible consists only of the metadata of the resources along with their images. The textual content of the resulting digital images is not yet visible and those seeking to find the content of the resources must study and transcribe individual passages. This article has demonstrated the immense potential of technological tools in the transcription of Hebrew manuscripts. Through our analysis, we have shown that handwriting recognition models trained with Transkribus can generate usable results when applied to Hebrew Sephardic semi-cursive manuscripts from the 15th century. This marks a significant advancement in the field, as it allows for a more efficient and cost-effective approach to transcription. Our findings highlight that even with a relatively small investment, remarkable results can be achieved. The recommended amount of ground truth data for training a Transkribus model is set at approximately 15,000 transcribed words or 75 pages to recognize text written by a single hand. Adhering to the principles of machine learning, the submission of a larger volume of ground truth data enhances the accuracy of the transcription results. However, our trials have shown that even with a smaller amount of data, it is still possible to attain good outcomes. This is a promising prospect, as it facilitates the mass digitization of previously unpublished manuscripts, opening up vast opportunities for future research endeavors.
Very Far from the Homeland
Authors: Stonebridge Lyndsey
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: Beginning with Edward Said's 1984 milestone "Reflections on Exile," this essay argues that exile remains the political problem of our time. Stretching back to Hannah Arendt's and Simone Weil's writings of the mid-twentieth century, forward through the long history of the dispossession of the Palestinian people, to the present, the essay turns to contemporary readings of the Iliad to make the case that at the heart of the violence of forced exile is the question of human community.
Gold-coated D-shaped photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor with a wide detection range and large manufacturing tolerance
Authors: Liu Yingchao , Ren Shuang , Li Yaojun , Cao Peigang
Published: June 2024

A D-shaped photonic crystal fiber refractive index (RI) sensor is designed, and its performance is analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). A gold film is coated on the D-shaped surface of the fiber as a plasmonic material for surface plasmon resonance sensing. The U-shaped arrangement of holes of the same size in the fiber structure enhances the coupling resonance between the core mode and the surface plasmon polariton mode. Numerical results show that the RI range of the sensor is 1.20–1.40, the maximum wavelength sensitivity is 16008.98 nm/RIU, and the detection width is up to 0.2 RIU. In addition, this study analyzes the manufacturing tolerance for the sizes of the air holes. The results show that the manufacturing tolerance for the three types of air holes is as high as 25%, 11.1%, and 10.2% when h is 40µm. These findings lay the foundation for the mass production of sensors. The above results indicate that the sensor has remarkable advantages such as enhanced sensitivity, wide measurement range, and exceptional manufacturing stability, and has promising applications in the fields of bio-detection, drug supply detection, and water pollution control.
Photons Producing Butterfly-Shape Interference Patterns in
Non-Parallel Curved Double Slit
Authors: Peng Hui
Published: June 2024

The double slit experiment is one of basic experiments in Physical optics, where two slit are parallel. Recently, Non-parallel double slit experiments have been performed, we observe the hybrid patterns, the partial interference pattern embedded in diffraction patterns. Furthermore, Curved double slit experiments have been performed, we observe Arc-shape interference patterns and Point-symmetry interference patterns. In this article, we study Non-Parallel Curved Double Slit, and observed Butterfly-shape interference patterns.
Optical Frequency Comb Faraday Modulation Rotation Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Ning , Song Zihao , Wang Weitian , Chao Xing
Published: June 2024

Modulating the signal is a common method in spectroscopy for reducing noise. However, for broadband coherent light sources like optical frequency combs (OFCs), modulation methods typically involve the use of optical modulators, making the experimental setup cumber-some. This study proposes and successfully implements a broadband Faraday modulation rotation spectroscopy (FAMOS) method combined with an OFC. The development of this novel method by extending the modulation frequency of the OFC from tens of MHz down to the kHz level, effectively relaxes the stringent demands for high-speed electronics and optoelectronic devices, making modulation spectroscopy techniques more practically useful for diverse real-world environments. Moreover, through specifically designed modulation strategies, this method can effectively suppress low-frequency noise, thereby significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements without sacrificing measurement accuracy.
Machine learning for efficient generation of universal photonic quantum computing resources
Authors: Anteneh Amanuel , Brunel Léandre , Pfister Olivier
Published: June 2024

We present numerical results from simulations using deep reinforcement learning to control a measurement-based quantum processor—a time-multiplexed optical circuit sampled by photon-number-resolving detection—and find it generates squeezed cat states quasi-deterministically, with an average success rate of 98%, far outperforming all other proposals. Since squeezed cat states are deterministic precursors to the Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill (GKP) bosonic error code, this is a key result for enabling fault tolerant photonic quantum computing. Informed by these simulations, we also discovered a one-step quantum circuit of constant parameters that can generate GKP states with high probability, though not deterministically.