bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demystifying the supplier‐customer interface
Authors: Wrennall William
Published: July 2002

Changes are occurring in the supplier‐customer interface. It sometimes looks as though the customer now has to provide the economies of commercial transactions while the supplier reaps the benefits. Written from a supplier perspective, this paper suggests that issues of customer service, satisfaction and retention are more complex than often assumed, but must be understood if they are to be used as the basis of competitive advantage. It is possible to gain the benefits of higher productivity and offer customers the service they expect – but only if those expectations are known and managed.
ANOVA applied to examination scores
Authors: Hutchinson T.P. , Chekaluk E. , Cairns D.
Published: July 2002

The paper re‐examines data published by Johnnie (Work Study, 1996) on the performance of two groups of bank workers on four examination subjects. This leads to a discussion of the application of the analysis of variance in contexts where there is one within‐person factor (for example, examination subject), one between‐group factor (for example, urban or rural location of person), and persons constitute a random factor within the group factor. The analysis of Johnnie’s data leads to a conclusion that differs from the original – that the two groups differ in mean score on one of the examinations.
A comparative study of alternative approaches to modelling the operations of a small enterprise
Authors: Lyons A.C. , Nemat Majeed , Rowe W.B.
Published: July 2002

This paper reports on an attempt to compare three distinct approaches to simulating the operations of a small enterprise in order to evaluate the appropriateness and effectiveness of each approach in modelling the enterprise and provide a means for improving its operational performance. The approaches considered are visual, interactive simulation using the WITNESS simulator, SIMNET II, a network‐driven simulation language and queuing modelling using Operations Management Expert. Each approach was found to accurately model the company operations, provide a consistent indication of operational performance in terms of throughput and resource utilisation, and provide a basis for suggesting improved modes of operation.
Outsourcing implications on companies’ profitability and liquidity: a sample of UK companies
Authors: Juma’h Ahmad H. , Wood Douglas
Published: July 2002

This article investigates the business performance of a sample of companies announcing outsourcing contracts. Performance effects are investigated by measures including operating profit, earnings margin, return on shareholders’ capital, reduction in employment cost and research and development expenditure prior to and subsequent to the outsourcing announcement. The conclusion is that outsourcing companies’ profitability and liquidity decrease in years in which outsourcing announcements occur, and tend to increase in the subsequent year. Also, it is possible that the short‐term and long‐term financial structure of outsourcing companies is altered.
Using information systems to paint the big picture
Authors: Dean Anthony
Published: July 2002

There is a tension between improvement approaches which start from a holistic overview of a process and those that are based on detailed, low‐level analysis. This paper argues that the two approaches are complementary and that modern information technologies can be used to support both approaches being used in harmony, and to support
Caught disaster: using the layered systems model as a diagnostic tool for wayward software projects
Authors: Robinson Phil , Ringer Martin
Published: July 2002

This paper introduces The Layered Systems Model and describes how it can be applied to assist project managers to be effective at all stages of project design and delivery. Conventional rational problem solving techniques for difficult projects are supplemented with imaginative and relationship‐focused approaches. The Layered Systems Model is a management tool for focusing on different levels of functioning in projects, organisations, and teams. The model acts like a series of “filters to perception” to assist managers to assess how well an organisation is functioning at each level. It can be applied to large organisations, departments, and small work groups or in the case of this paper, software project teams. The paper shows how the Layered Systems Model can happily coexist with the Project Management Institute’s eight project knowledge areas to form a powerful diagnostic tool for software projects which are not quite “out of control” but are heading in that direction.
Cognitive styles: enhancing the developmental component in National Vocational Qualifications
Authors: Priddey Lynette , Williams Sue
Published: July 2002

Outlines the findings of a study designed to inform current practice in developing UK National Vocational Qualifications (NVQ) and Scottish Vocational Qualifications (SVQ). Explores the link between an individual’s cognitive style and their successful management and completion of such a structured award. Adopts the Kirton Adaptation‐Innovation (KAI) instrument, as this represents an inventory designed to explore problem‐solving and information management styles. Provides insights to illuminate particular coping strategies and methods using candidates’ profiles and reports from interviews. The KAI results indicate that both adapters and innovators showing a low efficiency score managed more effectively with the storyboard and whole NVQ process. Points to the likely benefits for both candidates and organisations of appropriate supportive mechanisms to enhance the developmental aspects of gaining an NVQ.
Evaluating EAPs
Authors: Carolyn Highley J. , Cooper Cary L.
Published: July 2002

Until recently most evaluations of EAPs have been qualitative. In the US
there has been a move towards insisting on hard data, i.e. cost‐benefit
ratios. The nature of EAPs makes identification of a clear outcome
oriented model of intervention difficult if not impossible. Discusses
different methods of evaluating EAPs and compares their usefulness.
Trade unions and the training of health and safety representatives
Authors: Walters David
Published: July 2002

Examines the provision of trade union training for health and safety representatives in the UK. Bases research on a 1995 European survey of provisions for education and training in health and safety offered by trade unions in eight European countries and allows for some inter‐country comparisons. Focuses on some of the influences that have helped to shape provision including the introduction of new legislative provisions for employee representation. Describes developments in Britain with reference to the TUC Regional Education Programme, sources of funding and the likely impact of new legislation extending representative rights in health and safety to all employees. Shows that trade unions make an important contribution to health and safety training, particularly through the TUC Regional Education Programme. In Britain as in other European countries, training is identified as an important supportive factor in promoting the effectiveness of employee health and safety representatives. It is possible to identify a common pedagogy of trade union education in health and safety whose characteristics are applicable internationally and which may be linked to effective actions by health and safety representatives in their workplaces.
Managing spouse/partner preparation and adjustment
Authors: Fish Alan , Wood Jack
Published: July 2002

Identifies a number of critical spouse/partner preparation and adjustment factors derived from a larger study that examined the expatriate career management practices of 20 Australian business enterprises with a physical presence in the East‐Asian business region. Addresses concerns expressed by Adler (1991) that attention to the needs of an accompanying spouse is at best only having a neutral impact on spouse adjustment. That is, organizations have largely failed to assist spouses in establishing what Adler (1991) described as “a meaningful portable life”. Reviews spouse/partner preparation and adjustment from the views expressed by Australian business executives, expatriate and repatriates involved in business operations in East‐Asia. The views of spouses and partners were not gathered in this study. Results point to the need for re‐assessment of existing spouse/partner preparation and adjustment. While results are tentative, evidence from this study confirms the need for more attention by Australian organizations to spouse/partner preparation and adjustment, with particular attention to the development of business environment awareness and empathy which may assist in advancing Adler’s concept of “a meaningful portable life”.
Can we trust the service sector to generate decent rates of growth and employment?
Authors: Aarnio Outi
Published: July 2002

It is commonly argued that many economies must look toward a service‐based future. This article discusses the role of the service sector in generating economic growth and employment. It is argued that defining, measuring and distinguishing service output as opposed to output of goods has become increasingly difficult, which makes the traditional attempts to define a specific role for the service sector more or less futile. Instead, the diverse activities performed within the service sector form an integral part of a well‐functioning economy as a whole. Moreover, there is nothing inherently “wrong” with service sector jobs: recent experience suggests that the service sector has generated disproportionately both good quality, well‐paid jobs, as well as those in the lowest category. Worrying about the relative size of the service sector helps us little: what matters is each sector’s contribution to overall productivity growth.
Did you hear the one about the Boolean operators? Incorporating comedy into library instruction
Authors: Trefts Kristin , Blakeslee Sarah
Published: July 2002

Most instruction librarians know that library instruction can often be boring to teach, and boring for students, but we also know the value of library instruction and its importance to our students. So what innovative approaches can we take to spice up our instruction and make the topic more appealing? The authors decided that using humor was the best approach. To this end, they went on a quest to: study and learn about comedy; take what they had learned to make themselves funnier; find ways to incorporate comedy into their library instruction; and share what they had learned with other librarians. The rest is history.
Library instruction and information literacy – 1999
Authors: Rader Hannelore B.
Published: July 2002

Since 1973, Reference Services Review has published an annual annotated bibliography of materials focused on library instruction and, most recently, information literacy. Publications addressing academic library activities continue to be represented in the largest numbers. The continuing growth of electronic information has made librarians, in all types of libraries, more aware of the need to provide ongoing instruction to library users.
Ergonomics in Academic Libraries
Authors: Rooney James
Published: July 2002

Examines ergonomics with particular reference to the libraries of
Liverpool John Moores University and the City of Liverpool Community
College, Central. Following a definition of ergonomics and analyses of
the physical aspects of the human nervous systems and sense organs,
investigates library layout and the design and positioning of furniture.
Scrutinizes causes and effects of noise and light in libraries.
Discusses environmental aspects and health hazards, and examines visual
display units.
Franchised Courses in Higher Education
Authors: Goodall Deborah
Published: July 2002

Assesses library support for courses franchised from universities to
further education colleges. The research formed part of a two‐year
British Library‐funded project examining library support for franchised
courses in higher education. Interviews were held with 17 college
librarians in Lancashire and Cumbria to explore the extent to which they
are involved with franchised courses and the impact that such courses
had on the college libraries. The discussions examined the library′s
participation in the validation process and identified areas of
dissatisfaction with the franchising process as well as difficulties
with, for example, the provision of appropriate information skills work.
Considers the impact of franchising in real terms in relation to book
and journal stocks and support services, and comments on the perceived
role of the franchising university′s library.
The Role of Library Boards in Academic Libraries
Authors: Edu Korsah John
Published: July 2002

In all the three oldest established universities in Ghana, namely,
University of Ghana, University of Science and Technology and University
of Cape Coast, there exist Library Boards which are considered statutory
committees of the various Academic Boards. Discusses these Library
Boards with particular reference to their composition and functions as
well as problems confronting them. Gives detailed information on the
composition of each University Library Board. Concludes that University
Library Boards in Ghana are useful in helping the university libraries
to achieve the goals, objectives and purpose of the institutions of
which they are part.
A Library without Walls
Authors: Bell Hazel K.
Published: July 2002

An account of Hazel K. Bell′s visit to the Library of Congress in May
1993, when she interviewed some of the staff, especially Anna Keller of
the Collections Policy Office. Comments are made on the collections
policy, databases and links with Internet, the National Technical Report
Repository (DARPA) project, finance, preservation policy and the
National Demonstration Laboratory of Interactive Information
Technologies. The Librarian of Congress sees the future LC as “a library
without walls”.
The User Pays
Authors: te Grotenhuis Albert J. , Heijnekamp Selma J.
Published: July 2002

Discusses the background to the decision to bill users of the library of
the Dutch company KEMA on the basis of actual use, and the problems
involved. KEMA′s practices are related to the theory as covered in the
literature of the past five years. Users have generally reacted
positively to the charging system. The library adheres to the four
important rules which a library must apply in operating a cost billing
system – response time, reliability, competitiveness, and value – but the
system is administratively cumbersome. The KEMA library succeeds in
covering its costs and so fulfils its task of “providing commercial
services with a balanced budget”.
Further education libraries: assessing post‐incorporation
performance
Authors: Morgan Steve
Published: July 2002

The new managerial approach adopted in the post‐16 education sector
together with increased student numbers have focused attention on
performance assessment. Considers the extent to which libraries in the
further education sector are actually assessing their performance. A
postal survey was conducted during summer 1994 to find out the
commitment of further education institutions and their libraries to
performance assessment, the extent of reader services evaluation, how
libraries collect feedback about their services from users and, finally,
satisfaction levels of library managers with current assessment
procedures. Results indicated that, of those surveyed, about one‐quarter
of libraries had written policies on performance assessment; document
availability, readers′ enquiry services and user education were
evaluated by less than one‐third; over half of the libraries used course
monitoring and evaluation and satisfaction surveys for feedback and,
last, only one‐quarter of library managers felt satisfied with their
performance assessment procedures.
Value in library and information management: a review
Authors: Whitehall Tom
Published: July 2002

Explains and defends the relevance of economic analysis to library
and information management: to supply information useful for
justification and in making decisions about the allocation of available
funds. Reviews methods of measuring value in the library information
services context, and presents examples of the successful application of
economic analysis to specific problems.
The role of information in disaster planning: a case study approach
Authors: Riley Julie , Meadows Jack
Published: July 2002

Most agencies involved in dealing with the aftermath of major
disasters recognize that reacting effectively involves, among other
things, the collection and provision of accurate and timely information
to other agencies, to the various groups of people directly involved in
the disaster and to the general public. Focuses on three disasters of
different kinds – Kegworth, Hillsborough and Towyn–and
analyses the data gathered on these disasters and their aftermaths.
Examines the flow of information during and after a disaster and
considers the problems the various agencies involved may encounter in
acquiring and disseminating information. Finds that, in all three
disasters, plans for information handling were appreciably revised in
the light of experience gained and similar deficiencies in plans were
found in each case.
The role of story‐telling in organizational leadership
Authors: Forster Nick , Cebis Martin , Majteles Sol , Mathur Anurag , Morgan Roy , Preuss Janet , Tiwari Vinod , Wilkinson Des
Published: July 2002

The importance of story‐telling in organizational life has often been overlooked in contemporary organizational and leadership literature. Throughout history, leaders ‐ political and religious ‐ have used story‐telling as a powerful motivational tool, particularly during times of uncertainty, change and upheaval or in response to crises. This article looks at the role of story‐telling as an integral part of the human experience and at its applications in modern organizational life. The article concludes by suggesting that the art of story‐telling is still, despite recent advances in communication technologies, an essential managerial skill ‐ particularly for leaders of organizations.
Organizational excellence and leadership strategies: principles followed by top multinational executives
Authors: Darling John R.
Published: July 2002

During the past decade, the environment for multinational corporations has been quite volatile, with numerous challenges for the firms operating in this arena. However, throughout this period there have emerged a number of executive leaders who have been recognized for their contributions to organizational excellence and leadership despite the environmental fluctuations. An analysis of the strategies followed by these executives reflects a limited number of distinct themes. The themes reflect a focus on the care of customers, product innovation, committed people and management leadership. The leadership strategies reflected by these corporate leaders focus on attention through vision, meaning through communication, trust through positioning and confidence through respect. This article focuses on the top multinational executives identified for each year during the decade of the 1990s, and the organizational excellence and leadership strategies that have been at the heart of the practices implemented and followed by these executives.
Robotic flange cleaning and formed‐in‐place gasket application systems
Authors: Moore Steven C. , Kurcz Timothy J.
Published: July 2002

Describes the rationale, purpose, and design of the Loctite Corporation One‐PassTM (patent pending) robotic flange cleaning system. Also details two complementary LoctiteTM formed‐in‐place (FIP) gasket sealant dispensing systems: AccuPump 1000 (a progressive cavity positive displacement pump for silicone and anaerobic FIP technology), and PressPakTM 1000 (patent pending) (a pumpless dispensing system for silicones, anaerobics, and high viscosity abrasive‐filled adhesives or solder pastes). Integrated with a high‐performance Loctite dispensing system, the One‐PassTM creates a highly robust, robotically controlled FIP flange‐sealing assembly process. This technology combination enables worldwide producers of engines, transmissions and axles to replace expensive molded gaskets with higher‐performing FIP adhesives and sealants at a fraction of the cost.
Robotic fettling and automated path acquisition
Authors: Shirinzadeh B. , Teoh P.L. , Roberts M.
Published: July 2002

Fettling is the process of removing excess material from castings. This excess material is often formed at the die’s parting lines during the casting process as molten material is injected into the die at high pressure. By using a robot as a positioning tool for the fettling operation, the process can be carried out safely and with consistent results. This paper proposes a computer‐assisted robotic fettling technique using visual feedback. In particular, emphasis is placed on the establishment of a technique and investigating its performance for the determination of the casting profile. Also examines the process parameters associated with high‐speed fettling operations. Further, the experimental set‐up employed and the results obtained are also presented.
Mechatronics at Minho
Authors: Hewit Jim , Morris John
Published: July 2002

Reports on the UK Mechatronics Forum Conference held in Minho, Portugal, in September 1996. Outlines the major themes and focuses on those papers most relevant to industrial robotics, giving brief details of the content of the papers.
Fresh start sought for British robotics
Authors: Hollingum Jack
Published: July 2002

Shows how two events one week apart earlier this year pointed the way for the UK to put itself in the vanguard of the next stage of intelligent robotics development. First came the publication of a report Technology and Market Review of the Robotics Sector which studied the state and prospects of robotics in seven sectors of UK industry and proposed that special efforts, including demonstrator projects should be focused first on the food industry sector and then on the medical sector. The second event was the launch of SILVER SIG, a Special Interest Group for Intelligent VEhicles and Robotics. A major participant in SILVER is the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency, DERA, which is committed to linking commercial industry with government research ‐ in this case in the development of intelligent vehicles.
The International Robot Exhibition 1997
Authors: Kusuda Yoshihiro
Published: July 2002

Every two years the International Robot Exhibition is held in Japan and is the biggest robotics trade show in the world. The 12th IRE took place from October 28 to 31, 1997 at the Tokyo International Exhibition Center (Tokyo Big Sight, Ariake). Apparently reflecting the recovery of the Japanese robotic business climate nearly 100 exhibitors participated in the event which attracted 155,000 visitors (compared to 140,000 at the last one). The reporter observed a new trend of the Japanese robotic industry. It is evident that efforts are being made to diversify the market into new areas. We saw new applications in the food industry, clean room environment, construction robots, etc. However, only a few intriguing innovations were to be found.
The development of Handy 1, a rehabilitation robotic system to assist the severely disabled
Authors: Topping Mike , Smith Jane
Published: July 2002

This paper describes the development and evaluation of the Handy 1 rehabilitation robot which is acknowledged as being the most successful low‐cost, commercially available rehabilitation robotic system in the world to‐date[1]. Over 100 people with severe disabilities have benefited from using the Handy 1 on a regular basis. Systems are currently in operation in several countries across the world including the UK, USA, Japan, France, Germany, Finland and Italy.
The novel, the new and the familiar at UK Robots and Automation Show
Authors: Rooks Brian
Published: July 2002

A report of exhibits at the Robot and Automation Show held at the NEC, Birmingham at the time of the 25th ISR. It highlights some of the new developments and products on show, leading with the description of a novel robot tube bender being exhibited for the first time. New products range from a 350kg capacity robot developed by Kuka to a high speed SCARA robot from Epson aimed at PCB odd form component placement applications currently dominated by Cartesian robots. Exhibits of software products emphasised the move to low cost PC‐based systems aimed at small robot users and systems integrators without the resources of large IT departments, notably from Deneb and BYG Systems.
Vision again the star at Manufacturing Week
Authors: Rooks Brian
Published: July 2002

Reports on the exhibits and exhibitors at Manufacturing Week, which took place at the NEC, 10‐12 November 1998. It reveals that machine vision is the major attraction at the show with over a quarter of the exhibitors exhibiting activity in this area. A number of the companies who offer turnkey systems are highlighted; some include vision as an element in their systems while others are totally dedicated to application of the technology. The emphasis in the article is on applications with the predominance being for inspection. Brief case studies are given of inspecting automotive switches, a contact lens line, robot grinding of propellers and a seat belt retractor assembly system. Some new products are also described including a “control free” junction for Bosch twin belt pallet conveyors and compact fast camera with integral image acquisition and processing electronics.
ARM and Rovsim: extending our reach
Authors: Heale Trevor , Larkum Trevor
Published: July 2002

This paper describes the development of the ARM System, an advanced subsea manipulator for weld inspection. ARM uses an advanced man‐machine interface and provides robotic control of the manipulator using techniques developed in factory robots. A more advanced robotic control system, Polecat, is currently being developed using experience gained from ARM and will be used in an ROV pilot trainer, Rovsim, and a number of European and commercial projects ‐ not just subsea but also in nuclear and factory environments.
UK industrial robot installations slip back
Authors: Hollingum Jack
Published: July 2002

The annual statistical report of investment in robot automation in UK manufacturing industry during 1998 shows some slippage since the record level of 1997, though the total of installations during the year was still higher than in earlier years. The decline was mainly attributable to a sharp fall in installations by the automotive industry, which is the largest purchaser of industrial robots. A healthy sign, though, is the increasing number of installations by other industries, notably rubber and plastics. International comparisons, though, serve to underline the tough remarks by Eric Drewery at the press launch of the report.
The New Monetary Economics and Keynes′ Theory of Money
Authors: Cesarano Filippo
Published: July 2002

According to the New Monetary Economics (NME), the introduction of
non‐tangible payments media would altogether invalidate current monetary
economics. After an illustration of the main tenets of the NME,
critically analyses its rejection of both the quantity theory and
liquidity preference on the basis of Keynes′ theory of money.
A team‐based design for assembly methodology
Authors: Appleton E. , Garside J.A.
Published: July 2002

Design for Assembly (DFA) is now a well established technique for cost reduction at the design‐manufacture interface. The method described here is simple, highly visual and team based and can be learned in a single day of training and experience has shown that a design team can achieve significant savings even during the training process. The method starts with the analysis of an existing product, prototype, or preliminary design by describing the product and assembly process in the form of rows in a design matrix. The row‐based description is then progressively modified by cascading down the matrix through considerations of part count, ease of handling and ease of assembly insertion. The final rows of the matrix represent the improved assembly design and its assembly process, and the body of the matrix contains cells that describe design and process changes in an order that records the evolution of the design process.
Tooling modifications using a Faro portable inspection arm and rapid prototyping
Authors: Young Ken , Kirk Stephen , Piggin Richard
Published: July 2002

The ability of portable inspection arms for inspection and redesign of body in white assembly tooling is evaluated. Issues of data exchange between the systems used including the accuracy and usability of the data are discussed. Data generated are used to directly produce modified location blocks using selective laser sintering. This offers a rapid route for tooling modifications and has proved to be a robust solution despite initial doubts. Other uses of inspection arms are also discussed.
Rapid prototyping using the selective sintering process
Authors: Juster Neal P.
Published: July 2002

Examines the process of selective laser sintering [SLS] for
rapid prototyping. Begins with a brief history of [SLS] then
describes the main components of the SLS system, the build materials which
are used and the actually process operating cycle by which models are
produced. Looks at the 3‐D CAD data preparation and factors affecting
the quality of the models. Concludes that selective laser sintering is a
continually developing process and in particular much effort is being spent
on the development of new materials for the models.
Festo opens new UK automation centre
Authors: Rooks Brian W.
Published: July 2002

Describes the new Applied Automation Centre opened in Northampton by Festo, a pneumatic automation systems manufacturer. Claims that new advances in intelligent pneumatics will reduce costs and improve machine flexibility.
Opportunities for adhesives and tapes in automated assembly
Authors: Corbin Paul
Published: July 2002

Argues that although adhesives and self‐adhesive tapes are increasingly being used instead of mechanical joining methods, design engineers are still slow to recognize that adhesives present numerous benefits, including faster production and better end‐use performance. Discusses these advantages and opportunities.
Washing machine assembly benefits from Eureka project
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: July 2002

Reviews the Eureka Alasca project. Outlines the pilot assembly cell developed for Zanussi’s washing machine plant. Describes the need for an operator‐friendly man‐machine interface. Explains the difficulties associated with the automated assembly of heavy concrete components lacking in precision.
Land Rover uses Jack and Robcad to perfect production processes
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: July 2002

Reviews the use of simulation tools for process design at Land Rover. Outlines new applications of Jack and Robcad tools to the development of the Freelander production process. Describes how simulation reduces time‐to‐insight. Explains the potential for virtual reality tools in process development.
Machine vision and intelligence incorporating motion control
Authors: Brian Jennings Ronald , Bright Glen
Published: July 2002

Manufacturers faced with small production runs often require multiple machine changeovers per shift. Vision control of machinery offers a cost‐effective solution to this problem. Manufacturers are able to introduce diverse products, randomly, to a process line during the same production run, using reasonably priced industrial electronic equipment incorporating vision technology. A vision controlled polyurethane dispensing machine has been designed, manufactured and commissioned to substantiate this theory. An image of a moat, recessed into a mould, is captured by means of a CCD camera, resulting in a dispensing path being transferred to a microprocessor. The analogue signal is converted to a digital signal that pre‐sets a path for the two‐axis motion controller, capable of performing interpolation, to follow. A polyurethane mixing machine receives the same digital signal which sets the dispensing rate and shot size. Polyurethane is dispensed into the moat to form a seal between the filter media and the air‐filter housing. A summary of the design, implementation and results of the project is outlined and described.
Tool integration utilising fieldbus technology
Authors: Piggin Richard , Young Ken , McLaughlin Richard
Published: July 2002

The traditional use of fieldbus is discussed. Examples of novel applications enabled by fieldbus are introduced. Work on temporary fieldbus connectivity that allows more robust and simple tool change mechanisms is then described.
Windows CE brings real time control to the PC platform
Authors: Ballard Andrew
Published: July 2002

With the launch of its Windows CE operating system, Microsoft has signalled its intent to push the PC platform into the manufacturing environment. Intellution UK’s general manager, Andrew Ballard, looks at the introduction of Windows CE, and discusses why we should welcome this development.
Gas sensors for improved air quality in transportation
Authors: McGeehin Peter
Published: July 2002

There is increasing concern about the quality of the air breathed by passengers in the cabins of various different forms of transport. In the case of motor vehicles, the concentration of air pollutants in passenger cabins, particularly in the urban environment, is significantly higher (by two to three times) than the nominal value outside the cabin. Aircraft draw in fresh air from outside the cabin. On the ground the same concentration mechanism as motor vehicles applies. At altitude the major problem is the relatively high concentration of ozone. In cruise liners the problem is analogous to large hotels and casinos: efficient air‐conditioning requires re‐circulation of the air and pollutant concentrations build up over time. Strategies are being developed to mitigate these effects, and for optimal operation most require the use of low cost gas sensors for monitoring and/or control. This article describes what can be achieved with mixed‐metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors.
Electrical impedance tomographic sensor systems
Authors: Primrose K. , Qiu C.
Published: July 2002

This paper reviews aspects of the current status of process sensing using electrical impedance process tomography. This new sensor technology offers a unique insight into a wide range of industrial processes. Applications include a range of processes that feature complex flows and multiple component interactions. The paper provides an overview of hardware and software technology in terms of an instrument currently targeted at pilot trials through a consultancy service. Finally a case study is used to illustrate a typical application in which a detailed insight into an otherwise intractable process has been obtained.
A laser alignment system for boat assembly
Authors: Su Zhenwei , Rowlands H.
Published: July 2002

Based on the investigation of large length measurement and alignment techniques in 3D construction, a laser diode alignment system for boat assembly is presented. In the system, a horizontal laser diode beam and a vertical light plane formed by a rotating pentagonal prism are used as a measuring datum. The system is of low cost, reliable, safe and convenient to be used on‐line in small boatyards with reasonable accuracy. The synthesised error of the system is analysed. The application of the system in boat assembly and some considerations of the system design are described.
Commodity tracing and DNA
Authors: Sleat Robert
Published: July 2002

A system that began with DNA tagging of oil cargoes has expanded to provide tracers for such diverse commodities as grain, silk, antiques, diamonds, high value documents and packaging. It has been used for a great variety of purposes. One is the covert tracing of marked commodities that have entered the country as “grey” imports, sold at reduced prices. Other users are interested in authenticating products, particularly in the antiques trade. Authentication of documents can be achieved through the incorporation of a DNA tracer into the ink used to print the document. It would be impossible for counterfeiters to determine the sequence of the added DNA marker, particularly in the presence of other masking DNA. The number of unique tags that can be provided by a DNA molecule is of the order of 1060. Each application is unique and requires close collaboration between the company and the customer. It needs its own customized application and recovery procedure.
Honeywell gets smart
Authors: Norris Douglas
Published: July 2002

Describes Honeywell’s multi layer fieldbus system Smart Distributed
System (SDS) and applications in various industries. Discusses benefits such
as increased operating efficiencies and reduced installation costs
Universal sensor interface chip (USIC): specification and applications outline
Authors: Wilson P.D. , Spraggs R.S. , Hopkins S.P.
Published: July 2002

The universal sensor interface chip (USIC) represents a complete signal processing capability for data acquisition systems designed to support a wide range of sensor applications. Offers high performance with flexibility and requires only a small number of external components for many applications.
Second harmonic fluxgate sensors and magnetometers
Authors: Janicke Jack M.
Published: July 2002

Describes the design and operating principles of fluxgate sensors and magnetometers. Polarity determination and compensation for temperature and high frequency (> 100Hz) alternating magnetic fields are also discussed.
Micromachine update from Japan
Authors: Kusuda Yoshihiro
Published: July 2002

This article reports on the 4th International Micromachine Symposium and Exhibition Micromachine (1998) which were held in Tokyo, 28‐30 October 1998 and also serves as a supplementary information to the article “Micro sensor developments in Japan” in this special “Micro sensors” issue of the journal. The symposium and exhibition are the annual showcase of the current status of the “Micromachine technology” project which is sponsored by the Japanese Government. Unlike efforts in other countries the Japanese approach is unique in trying to achieve real workable micromachines by establishing micro mechatronics technology. It differs from, for instance, the American MEMS where research is heavily dependent on silicon processing technology to fabricate micro devices on chips. Various kinds of micro sensors are now under development. These initiatives are well worth watching.
Sensor based safety components for high integrity machine control systems
Authors: Hudson Mike
Published: July 2002

Until recently there has been a problem integrating safety related sensors and other safety components with software based control systems for process plant and machinery. Marrying effectively, traditional safety components such as emergency stop buttons, gate interlocks, light curtains, pull cords, safety mats, etc. and the traditional safety relay with modern PCs and PLCs offers quite a challenge. Such problems have now been solved by Smartscan Limited, based in Corby, Northants, UK who have developed the Safenet integrated safety control system ‐ an entirely new approach to machine safety. The Safenet system provides a Master Controller which communicates with field based safety components over a two wire data highway which carries the system power, diagnostic information and all safety related data.
Strategic community management in a large business
Authors: Kodama Mitsuru
Published: July 2002

For the last few years, the videoconferencing system market represented by multimedia technology has enjoyed strong growth in Japan. Behind the recent upturn in this market was the strategic alliance of NTT, Japan’s largest telecommunications carrier, and PictureTel of the USA, followed by the birth of business communities centered around or outside NTT, thus intensively creating and boosting a new market referred to as video communication. This article reviews the challenges that faced NTT, one of the big businesses in Japan, followed by PictureTel and other players within and outside NTT, all of which were lined up to create various strategic business communities. The article gives careful consideration to the measures taken by these players who achieved success in such a way as to alter employee consciousness, vitalize organizational morale, entrench the new NTT “Phoenix” brand (videoconferencing system) in the Japanese market and create an emergent video network market.
The appointed surveyor as arbitrator
Authors: Bowden David
Published: July 2002

This paper considers the legal status of a surveyor appointed under section 10 of the Party Wall etc. Act 1996. By reference to that Act as well as to the Arbitration Act 1996, the European Convention and to rules of natural justice it argues that the section 10 procedure is a statutory arbitration. It therefore argues that the appointed surveyor is an arbitrator who must be independent, act impartially, and be immune from suit. It also suggests that surveyors’ awards can be adopted as judgments by the courts and that they can only be appealed against provided the strict appeals criteria of the Arbitration Act are met.
Sensible and co‐operative solutions under the Party Wall etc. Act 1996
Authors: Lord Andrew
Published: July 2002

This paper notes the challenges faced by surveyors outside London by the demands of implementing the new party wall legislation. It pays tribute to John Anstey’s guidance in this area and emphasises the importance of adopting a practical and common‐sense approach to the legislation. It cites a recent example where this approach was found to be successful and notes the continuing development of party wall expertise nationwide.
The use of thermography for the detection of external finishes defects of buildings in Hong Kong
Authors: Ming Lo Siu
Published: July 2002

Infrared thermography is said to be a technique that can detect external finishes defects. However, there exist numerous parameters that can affect the accuracy of this technique. Its use should be subject to strict control and the results cannot be considered as conclusive. This paper discusses the complications of the thermal signature and the possible procedures when carrying out the survey. It also indicates that such a technique may be useful to the building control authority for mass‐screening of a large batch of buildings to justify the issuance of statutory orders.
Surveying the surveyors
Authors: Hollis Malcolm , Bright Keith
Published: July 2002

This research examines the perceived concern in the public arena about the quality of residential surveys and suggests a high rate of sub standard reporting within residential surveys. The Homebuyer form of report was used in a test of survey standards. A sample of ten surveyors examined the same house in controlled circumstances. Only one surveyor identified each of the three key defects within the property. The research considers the method of assessment of quality within surveys and reports upon the identification of defects and the levels of recognition. The research concludes that there is an unexpectedly high level of reporting that falls below an acceptable standard. Recommendations are made for the improvement of standards, an assessment of the skills required and the requirements for the education process for surveyors.
Conservation maintenance management ‐ establishing a research agenda
Authors: Dann Nigel , Worthing Derek , Bond Stephen
Published: July 2002

This paper examines some of the key aspects of the process of maintenance management of the built cultural heritage. It is primarily based on responses to a questionnaire from a number of maintenance managers all of whom are responsible for significant stocks of historic buildings within their portfolios. The research identifies two types of organisation; “heritage focused” and “non‐heritage focused”. It examines differences in approach between them in the following key areas: aims and objectives of the organisation, the use of external consultants and condition surveys, prioritisation and costs. The paper identifies areas for further research. It also suggests that the identification of cultural significance embodied in the fabric of historic buildings and consideration of its vulnerability should be a prerequisite for determining approaches to maintenance management.
The role of real estate assets in supporting the fulfilment of corporate business plans: key organisational variables for an integrated resource management framework
Authors: Shiem‐Shin Then Danny
Published: July 2002

The focus of the research was to provide a business perspective to the role of real estate assets in supporting the fulfilment of corporate business plans. Based on a comprehensive survey of published literature and a series of in‐depth interviews of corporate real estate/facilities managers, an integrating resource management framework was developed to model the nature of interactions between strategic business planning and operational asset management in an organisational setting. The study supports the view that research efforts aimed at improving management effectiveness of the operational real estate asset base must be channelled to provide frameworks or models that promote understanding to all parties involved in the process, from a knowledge base that aims to define better: the operational requirements of core business(es); the key real estate and facilities service attributes; and options evaluation to meet dynamic changes.
Work transformation: integrating people, space and technology
Authors: Robertson Ken
Published: July 2002

Introduces the concept of work transformation, the integration of people, space and technology with a direct focus on delivering business value both operationally and strategically. Work transformation requires questioning the way we work, where we work, and the environment in which we work. The ultimate goal of work transformation is to help organizations break out of their traditional definition of work and move forward to an environment that is more flexible, empowering, communicative and pleasing. Work transformation represents the opportunity for facilities groups to have a key strategic role in supporting the constantly changing marketplace and to deliver real strategic business value to the organization. Work transformation is based on facilities management, human resources and information technology all working together to develop more creative ways of handling space in terms of the “real” office and the quickly growing "virtual" office. Based on the author’s book Work Transformation: Planning and Implementing the New Workplace.
Identifying priority issues in facilities management benchmarking
Authors: McDougall Gavin , Hinks John
Published: July 2002

Considers the state of benchmarking in facilities management and finds that most academic and practice literature is mainly concerned with measurement techniques, and a formal approach of reducing performance gaps. Limitations are discussed, and the orientation of facilities management performance priorities is questioned. Argues that benchmarking is limited by the ability to identify the priorities, or performance indicators, that can measure contemporary issues such as customer satisfaction to any benefit. Applies the search for benchmarking issues to the human environment, home of the much‐discussed knowledge worker. Research indicates that, far from being static measurable constructs, the environmental conditions in such offices rely on the influence of the market, the organisation culture, the type of users, and the external political conditions. Facilities and business managers often fail to consider these influences in the selection of the performance priorities. Concludes by suggesting that the tendency to rely on a general set of indicators leads to benchmarking issues that are often unhelpful in the pursuit of continuous improvement. Benchmarking issues are more clearly understood to need rich analysis that an investigative methodology could provide.