bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurodevelopmental Toxic Effects of Food Additives Used in Energy Drinks on Developing Rats
Authors: Boyina Revathi , Dodoala Sujatha
Published: July 2021

Background: Food additives are widely used in energy drinks and when taken above acceptable daily intake leads to various neurodevelopmental toxic effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the neurodevelopmental toxic effects in rat pups after pre and postnatal administration of selected food additives in pregnant animals. Methods: Pregnant rats aged 160-180 days were divided into six groups with four animals per group. Group 1 treated with vehicle, group 2 standard (caffeine 25 mg/kg p.o.), groups 3-6 were treated with glucuronolactone (5 mg/kg p.o.), taurine (8 mg/kg p.o.), gluconolactone (84 mg/kg p.o.), and combination of food additives respectively till postnatal day (PND) 15. After PND 21, pups were evaluated for neurobehavioural parameters using the behavioral alteration test, Morris water maze test, locomotor activity test, Y-maze test, hot plate latency and neurobehavioural scoring. Neurotransmitters were estimated in brain tissue extract on PND 30, 45 and 60 and histological observations were examined in the brain cortex region. Results: Food additive treated groups showed an increase in behavioral activity, escape latency, immobility, percentage of alterations, hot plate latency and neurobehavioural scoring at selected dose and combination compared to control (p<0.001). The decrease in neurotransmitter levels in the brain and marked degeneration of neurons in the cortex were observed significantly in group6 pups. Conclusion: The present results corroborate that food additives in combination induced neurodevelopmental toxic effects further mechanistic studies are suggested to understand the synergistic effect.
An Empirical Study on Factors Influencing Customers to Order Food Online through Food Delivery Apps
Authors: Ganeshwari M
Published: July 2021

The Indian start-ups are finding that their secret ingredient for fulfillment in life is indeed, food. There are too many players today fighting to win the consumers heart literally through their bellies. Food technology is that the flavour of the season for Indian start-ups. But contrary to public opinion, it’s not about IT but innovation within the food experience provided to the buyer using real food technology. Indian food delivery market is valued at 15 billion dollars and set for an exponential growth. Food delivery has become a competitive market in India. The expansion of online food ordering delivery platform by mobile apps has made businessmen awake and notice. The number of the favored food hubs like Swiggy, Uber EATS, Zomato, FoodPanda and other similar apps are feeding the planet online and making profits. The target of the study is to analyse the factors influencing customers to order food online through food delivery apps. Chi- Square is employed to analyse the target of the study. From the study, it’s found that the bulk of the respondents (57.8%) accept that there’s difficulty in using the appliance. Thus, the web food delivering application should initiate some ideas for the convenience of the users. The super senior citizens aren’t ready to adapt to the changing trends and technologies in modern food ordering systems. Thus, awareness should be created among them.
Educational Policy and Employment Opportunity of People with Disabilities in India - A Study
Authors: Saranya Devi E , Rajamohan S
Published: July 2021

The transformation from agriculture to industrial business has led to radical socio-economic shifts, while the related employment issues have taken place. Certain problems have been illustrated by a critical view of attain the education,employability, patterns and political outlook for people with disabilities. While paradigms in their employment facilities have changed dramatically, a number of shortages and obstacles make a more concentrated and systematic effort to achieve maximum benefits essential for them. Hence the government taking more steps for these people those who struggling for primary education and their employment opportunity. The educational policies is the supportive stone of their employment opportunity of differently abled people and this lack of education is the informal influence of them become a self-employer in the environment for their survival. This study indicates the educational policy of differently abled people and various ministries allocated for the educated and uneducated person with disability employment opportunities in India.
A Study on Succession Planning, Prospective Successor Selection, Transfer of Idiosyncratic Firm Knowledge in Family Owned Businesses of Hyderabad
Authors: Seema Manchala , Ali Syed Sayf
Published: July 2021

This study seeks to gain a better understanding of how the succession planning is undertaken in family owned businesses, most preferred qualities in the prospective successor and the transfer of tacit idiosyncratic firm knowledge from one generation to the next generation. The fact that family businesses contribution to the Indian economy is highly significant as well as the fact that most of the family businesses do not survive beyond three generations makes the study important. This study was conducted by distributing a quantitative survey containing numerous close ended questions to the family business owners, potential successors and successors. The survey asked respondents to explain how succession planning takes place in their firm, the most preferred qualities in the prospective successor and the mode of transfer of tacit idiosyncratic firm knowledge from one generation to another. The survey results provided insight into many important factors of succession planning such as the prospective successor being chosen with consensus of the all the family members, the process of succession being well communicated in the business and possessing leadership values is the most preferred quality sought in a successor. Learning by observing is the most preferred mode of transfer of tacit knowledge from one generation to another.
A Virtual and Comparative Study on Soil Features and its Managing Ability
Authors: Narayanan Anuja
Published: July 2021

The study is related to the comparison of soil characteristics in some areas from a depth of 1m, 1.2m, and 1.5m; physical and geotechnical properties of the soil samples are studied in the laboratory to develop a simple method to determine the type of soil on a site. The tests conducted are grain size analysis, specific gravity, and field density. Moreover, the research intends to validate the behavior of sieving systems for different types of soils and at various loading conditions. From work, a decision support system to facilitate a sieving system that integrates geological, geotechnical, and structural factors is developed. The study reveals that an increase in the plasticity index decreases the angle of internal friction. The empirical models developed with the help of regression analysis for the benefit of field engineers for predicting the geotechnical properties.
Cancer Costs and Economic Burden
Authors: Vishnu S , Sangamithra A
Published: July 2021

Cancer and its treatment result in the harm of economic resources and opportunities for patients, families, employers, and society. These losses include fiscal loss, morbidity, reduced excellence of life, and premature death. When estimating the economic burden of disease, the monetary valuation of resources wont to treat, so the loss of opportunities because of illness is measured as costs and finds out the components.
A Study on Customer Behavior towards E-Tourism with Reference to Madurai City
Authors: Faridha R , Angel Christy Praveena C
Published: July 2021

Information and Communication technologies are experiencing exponential growth and are greatly emphasized in today’s business field. Tourism has been extremely affected by the swift growth in the technology, mainly due to internet. E-Tourism services provide various travel portals that makes the traveller self-dependent and provide them with all the information necessary in a single click. This paper focuses on different aspects of e-tourism and changes in the consumer behaviour towards e-tourism. Despite the significance of e-tourism, there is still a research gap on online satisfaction in travel and tourism industry. The present study was an attempt paper to fill this gap by finding the factors influencing and the satisfaction level of the customers towards e-tourism. It further identifies the difficulties in the adoption of online tourism services. A total of 100 travellers were selected as respondents in the survey & questionnaires were used as instruments. Results showed that e-tourism activities aid the traveller to plan their own trips according to their convenience.
A Study on Supply Chain Management in Neycer India Limited Company at Vadalur
Authors: Aarthi B , Anand J
Published: July 2021

The project report deals with the research topic “A Study on Supply Chain Management in Neycer India Limited Company at Vadalur”. The main purpose of this research is supply chain management managing the entire management of material and information flow in a supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options function of procurement of material transformation in the industry.The objectives of the study the technique that are used to attract new customers and to give offers and new product design development and transportation ,logistics and customer services in industry. Since the research is limited time and resources. The data collected from the sample size 125 through convenient random sampling method and analysed with the help of different statistical tools called SPSS chi square test, kruskal Wallis test, one way Anova are used in the report.The major finding of the study maximum 95% of respondents are buyer and supplier relationship in the company. The suggestions to industry may search for alternative raw materials for their production process and understanding customer needs and satisfaction .Computer tool useful for supply chain management. The SCM the logistics network consist of supplier’s manufactures warehouses, distribution c manufacturing centres and retail outlets and customers as well as raw material work in process and finished products Supply Chain, Supply chain activities latest technology in transportation distribution and finished products.
How do Indians Split their Time for Different Activities? A Gender wise Analysis of Rural-Urban Differences using Time Use Surveys
Authors: Pradeep Kumar B , Abraham M P
Published: July 2021

Time use surveys have been used widely to know how economic agents spend their time effectively to participate in different economic and non-economic activities. This paper sets out to discuss the urban/rural difference in respect of the time spent for different activities by both men and women in India. The paper reveals that men spend more time for employment and related activities while women spend more time for unpaid domestic service for household members. The paper finds hardly any serious region wise gender difference in respect of the average time spent for different activities in both rural and urban areas in India. This work takes note of the fact that works being done by the female at their homes go unidentified and demonetized, putting them in a disastrously disadvantages condition, which by any count would impoverish and stand in the way of their further empowerment. Gender inequality has also been observed in the time spent for employment and related activities. The paper looks into an important gender disparity in respect of the percentage of persons engaged in the production of goods for own final use.
Pengaruh Relaksasi Lima Jari Terhadap Tekanan Darah Penderita Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hapsari Shindi , Puspitasari Dewi
Published: July 2021

Penyakit Cronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) merupakan kondisi kegangguan fungsi ginjal yang progresif dan irreversible. Penanganan pasien CKD dilakukan hemodialisa, menimbulkan masalah tekanan darah tinggi. Perlakuan relaksasi terbimbing lima jari efektif dalam mengatasi hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi relaksasi metode lima jari terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien CKD di Ruang Hemodialisa Rumah Sakit Ken Saras. Metode penelitian quasi experiment dengan one group pre and post test design without control group.Sampel 20 pasien dengan hemodialisa, dengan teknik random sampling dengan minimal size experiment. Perlakukan terapi relaksasi genggam lima jari diberikan selama 15 menit kemudian menggunakan Sphygmomanometer untuk mengukur tekanan darah responden. Analisis statistic yang digunakan yaitu uji dependen t-test pada taraf signifikansi 0.05. Hasil menunjukkan nilai p-value 0,00, ada pengaruh yang signifikan. Kesimpulan Ada pengaruh terapi relaksasi metode lima jari terhadap tekanan darah pada penderita CKD. Kata Kunci: relaksasi metode lima jari; tekanan darah; CKDTHE EFFECT OF FIVE FINGER RELAXATION ON BLOOD PRESSURE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS ABSTRACT  Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible condition of kidney function impairment. CKD patients are treated with hemodialysis, which causes high blood pressure problems. The five-finger guided relaxation treatment is effective in overcoming hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the five-finger method of relaxation therapy on blood pressure in CKD patients in the Hemodialysis Room of Ken Saras Hospital. The research method was quasi-experimental with one group pre and post-test design without a control group. A sample of 20 patients is on hemodialysis, using a random sampling technique with a minimum experiment size. The five-finger handheld relaxation therapy was given for 15 minutes and then used a sphygmomanometer to measure the respondent's blood pressure. The statistical analysis used is the t-test dependent test at a significance level of 0.05. The results of the statistical test dependent t-test p-value 0.00 (p-value <0.05) there is a significant effect. There is an effect of five finger relaxation therapy on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with CKD. Keywords: five finger relaxation method; blood pressure; chronic kidney disease
Innovación, Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en grandes empresas
Authors: Nahuat Román Bernardo , Rodríguez Vargas Miriam , Gómez de la Fuente Ma del Carmen
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar desde la percepción de gerentes intermedios el rol mediador de la innovación en la relación entre la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) y el desempeño de la empresa. El método de investigación aplicó 103 cuestionarios usando ecuaciones estructurales con análisis de la varianza. Los resultados evidenciaron un efecto positivo de la RSE en la innovación y el desempeño, un efecto positivo de la innovación en el desempeño, así como el rol mediador de la innovación en la relación entre la RSE y el desempeño. El hallazgo y originalidad son que pocos trabajos en la literatura investigan el rol mediador de la innovación en la relación entre la RSE y el desempeño de la empresa, y específicamente en el continente americano no existe ninguno. La perspectiva seleccionada también es innovadora. Como limitaciones únicamente fueron consideradas empresas grandes.
Validez de un instrumento para medir capital intelectual en empresas
Authors: Núñez Ramírez Marco Alberto , Mercado Salgado Patricia , Garduño Realivazquez Karla Alejandra
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar la estabilidad entre los resultados de la validez de constructo, convergente y discriminante de un instrumento de capital intelectual. Método cuantitativo:análisis estadístico de tres tipos de validez, previa traducción inversa (inglés-español-inglés) del cuestionario; muestra no probabilística de 226 empresas de México y Bolivia; cálculo del análisis factorial exploratorio, análisis factorial confirmatorio, varianza promedio extraída y criterio Fornell-Larcker. Resultados: se confirma la conveniencia de aplicar pruebas diversas para obtener la validez de un instrumento de capital intelectual. Originalidad: privilegiar lo teórico sobre lo estadístico en el análisis de la validez de instrumentos; confianza de replicar este cuestionario en contextos similares. Limitaciones: tipo y tamaño de muestra; inclusión marginal de la validez de contenido.
Obsolescencia del conocimiento financiero
Authors: García-Mata Osvaldo , Briseño-García Arturo , García-Fernández Francisco
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la relación entre la edad y el conocimiento financiero en México, estimar la tasa de obsolescencia de este entre adultos mayores y explorar cómo el nivel educativo se asocia al mismo. El método de investigación se basa en la aplicación de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios para construir modelos de regresión lineal múltiple y con términos cuadráticos. Los resultados confirman que los adultos mayores experimentan un deterioro significativo en el conocimiento financiero, no necesariamente atribuible a la escolaridad. La originalidad de esta investigación radica en estimar una tasa de obsolescencia del conocimiento financiero durante la vejez, tema escasamente estudiado en México. Sus hallazgos pueden aprovecharse para instrumentar políticas de inclusión financiera que propicien un mejor nivel de vida durante el retiro. Entre sus limitaciones está la falta de datos para explicar las causas del deterioro y para realizar un análisis longitudinal.
Investigación y desarrollo en Andalucía en el contexto español y europeo (2010 –2017)
Authors: Rigger Lea , Meraz-Ruiz Lino , T. Olague José
Published: July 2021

Las actividades de I+D realizadas en España son imprescindibles para la formulación de políticas públicas en favor de las capacidades de ciencia, tecnología e innovación; por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar los indicadores de ciencia y tecnología de la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía, la más extensa de las entidades territoriales españolas, a través de una comparación a nivel nacional y europeo de 2010 a 2017. El método consistió en un análisis descriptivo utilizando datos obtenidos de bases nacionales y europeas oficiales. A partir de los resultados se observó que Andalucía ha presentado un proceso de avance en I+D para su crecimiento y bienestar regional. Así, la originalidad de este trabajo recae en que la investigación empírica de la evaluación de I+D ha sido relativamente reciente, teniendo como hallazgo principal que la gestión del conocimiento es el elemento primordial para el aprovechamiento de la inversión de una región. Las limitaciones recaen en la forma de la medición de indicadores de resultados de una región a otra.
Fast-Track Kardiyak Anestezide İntratekal Morfin Uygulaması
Authors: KESKİN Gülsen , ŞEKERCİ Sumru , SAYIN Murat , TAŞ ÖNAL Berna , GÜMÜŞ Haluk
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Fast-track (Erken derlenme) kardiyak anestezi protokolünde 10 µgkg-1 dozunda intratekal morfin uygulamasının postoperatif analjezi ve erken derlenme üzerine etkisini araştırmayı planladık.
Materyal ve Metod: Elektif koroner bypass greftleme (KABG) operasyonu planlanan ASA I-III grubundan 42 hasta, kapalı zarf usulü ile intratekal morfin (İTM) ve kontrol (K) grubu olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. İTM grubuna indüksiyondan önce 10 µgkg-1 dozundan morfin intratekal olarak uygulandı. Her iki gruba aynı anestezi indüksiyon ve idame yöntemi kullanıldı. Yoğun bakımda her iki gruba hasta kontrollü analjezi (HKA) ile tramadol başlandı. İntraoperatif hemodinamik parametreler, ekstübasyon süresi, sedasyon skoru, VAS skoru, postoperatif akciğer kapasitesi, VAS skoru, yoğun bakım ve hastanede kalış süresi kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Her iki grubun demografik verileri ve intraoperatif verileri arasında fark yoktu (p>005). Ekstübasyon zamanı İTM grubunda 192±42.4 dakika, kontrol grubunda 254.3±88.4 dakika bulundu (p<0.05). Postoperatif ağrı skorları, tramadol tüketimi, akciğer volümleri ve yoğun bakımda kalış süresi ITM grubunda daha iyi bulundu (p<0.05). Hastanede kalış süreleri benzerdi.
Sonuç: 10 µgkg-1 dozunda intratekal morfin uygulaması, kardiyak cerrahi sonrası çok iyi analjezi, akciğer volümlerinde daha erken derlenme ve daha kısa yoğun bakım kalış süresi sağladı.
The Seasonality of Marriages and Baptisms in some Devon Seafaring Parishes
Authors: Hardy Marion R
Published: July 2021

This article shows that, for a sample of Devon parishes during the period c.1700–1850, there were seasonalities in the events of marriages and baptisms in general, but that in parishes linked to seafaring, especially in the Newfoundland trade, the seasonal patterns were much greater and occurred in different months. Seasonal variations also declined and changed over time, which in part was due to the changing economies of the maritime parishes, especially after 1800 when the Newfoundland trade changed and declined. It cannot be claimed that this trade was exclusively responsible for the seasonal pattern, but the results confirm that seafaring was linked to the variation in the number of marriages and baptisms from month to month.
Dental mask of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Smirnova T.A. , Novozhilova O.A. , Kochubeynik A.V. , Smirnov D.V.
Published: July 2021

In clinical practice, there are patients for whom traditional methods of treatment do not allow getting rid of a dental disease. Dental mask of underlying pathology may be a potential cause of this.
The aim of the study was to study the features of the clinical course of dental manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Methods. The study group included 45 patients aged 20 to 50 years with complaints of pathological changes in the oral cavity that did not stop during the last month. The survey included a survey and clinical examination. The GerdQ questionnaire was used to verify gastrointestinal disorders.
Results. It was found that 85% of the surveyed complained of a burning sensation behind the breastbone, the ingress of acidic contents into the oral cavity. 100% of the surveyed presented dental complaints. At the same time, the frequency of dental complaints was significantly higher compared to the frequency of complaints of esophageal symptoms. According to the results of the GerdQ questionnaire, the average score among the subjects was 11.0, which corresponds to the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease. According to the results of the dental examination, 87% of the examined patients had pathological elements on the oral mucosa, and the pathological elements of aphthous and herpetic stomatitis were found significantly more often in patients with an exacerbation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (p<0.05). Desquamative glossitis was detected in 33% of the examined patients, benign migratory glossitis (“geographical” tongue) in 59% of patients, exfoliative cheilitis (dry form) in 70% of patients, angular cheilitis in 23% of patients. The pathology of hard dental tissues was represented by multiple carious lesions in 75% of patients and non-carious lesions in 53% of patients.
Conclusions. Diseases of the oral mucosa and non-carious lesions accompany patients with gastrointestinal tract pathology in the form of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Comparative analysis of the results of determining the color of the tooth by visual and instrumental methods
Authors: Shcherbakov M.V. , Bayrikov A.I.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a study to determine the color of the central incisor on the upper jaw. Traditionally, the choice of the color of this tooth is the most difficult and controversial. Color determination was carried out by hardware (Vita Easyshade Advance 4.0) and visual methods, which were attended by students of SamSMU aged 19 to 22 years.
The obtained results say that it is preferable to use the hardware method based on the digital perception of the object under study and adapted to the generally accepted color scale; this method minimizes the requirements for color determination criteria, is a high-tech and convenient solution in the daily practice of a dentist.
Adaptive Method of Observation Data Extrapolation and Forecasting of the Reservoirs in Use Bank Abrasion Characteristics
Authors:   Gromov Y.A., Sobol I.S., Sobol S.V.
Published: July 2021

Theoretical justification of the adaptive method of observation data extrapolation and forecasting of the used reservoirs bank abrasion characteristics has been given. The method is based on the idea of taking into account a great number of expert judgments in the form of the process dynamics hypothetic trends.
Development of Water Quality Basin Norms (The Lower Volga Water Bodies as an Example)
Authors:   Selezneva А.V., Seleznev V.А., Bespalova K.V.
Published: July 2021

The basin permissible concentrations for matter of dual genesis have been calculated on the basis of long-tem observations on the Lower Volga water bodies. The obtained water quality norms account for natural peculiarities of waters formation and are proposed for the use as criteria for setting norms of pollutants discharge into water bodies.
Development of Hydrodynamic Model and the Model of Lowland Reservoir Pollution Formation (the Klyazma Reservoir as an Example)
Authors:   Venitsianov E.V., Lepikhin A.P., Kirpichnikova N.V.
Published: July 2021

Results of field observations of the heavy metals and their forms content in the Klyazma Reservoir bottom sediments, as well as oxygen and temperature in the water mass have been presented. Three groups of metals have been separated according the index of mobility in bottom sediments. The two-dimension hydrodynamic mathematical model and the model of pollution distribution have been developed. They enable to forecast formation of physical/chemical conditions in bottom layer that influence the water quality formation in terms of the heavy metals group. Within the reservoir two zones have been singled out: the transit zone and the stagnation (lake) zone; each of them are characterized by different proportion of metal forms in bottom sediments due to formation of oxide and anoxide zones in the bottom layer.
Fish-protecting Complex of a Water-engineering System
Authors:   Vvedenskiy O.G.
Published: July 2021

Possible approaches to making fish-protecting complexes on water-engineering systems that enable to rehabilitate natural reproduction of pass-through and half pass-through species of fish and guarantee safe exploitation of water-work facilities of different purpose are considered. New versions of engineering solutions on upgrading of classical fish-running constructions and fish-tracking are put forward. Mathematical supports for offered engineering solutions are given. The results of experimental research are presented.
Tritium Migration from Nuclear Fuel Enterprises to Drinking Water Sources in the Urals
Authors:   Chebotina M.Y., Nicolin O.A.
Published: July 2021

The paper reports on results of the investigation of tritium content in the sources of drinking water (wells, bore holes, in the areas affected by Beloyarskaya nuclear power station and the “Mayak” enterprise (the Urals). The plans and maps of the wells and bore-holes water contamination in the said areas are presented. Correlation of the tritum concentration in drinking water with the distance to the pollution source and the depth of water location has been demonstrated.
Water Softening by Hardness Salts Adsorption with Superfine Modified Aluminum Silicates
Authors:   Yurchenko V.V., Sviridov A.V., Nikiforov A.F., Sviridov V.V.
Published: July 2021

Regularities of adsorption method of calcium ions extraction from model systems have been studied. Optimal conditions of the adsorption process have been specified. The ion exchange character of the calcium (2+) interaction with modified aluminum silicates has been established. A process flowsheet of water softening has been proposed.
Manganese Ions Complexation Processes with Organic and Inorganic Compounds and their Migration in a Low-flowing Water Body Ecosystem
Authors:   Zagaynova Y.V.
Published: July 2021

Processes of metal ions complexation in a water system containing hydrogen carbonate ions and sulphate ions, as well as dead off supreme aquatic vegetation organic matter and organic compounds of protein origin have been considered. Complexation processes’ interconnection with manganese ions migration in a low-flowing water body has been justified.
System/engineering Regularities of the Municipal Water Sector Development
Authors:   Vasilenko S.L.
Published: July 2021

System engineering laws of big cities’ centralized water supply functioning and development have been stated in a structural form. This enables to define strategy of scientific research and updating of enginnering infrastructures of the municipal water sector. The given approach is applicable for substantiation of priority directions in the process of development and adoption of technical solutions on providing environmental safety for drinking water supply systems.
Special Features of the Transbaikal Kray Rivers’ Hydrography
Authors:   Chechel A.P.
Published: July 2021

Hydrographic characteristic of the Transbaikal Kray water bodies within international (transboundary) basins and their classification types in respect of inter-state borders and legal international regime of their use have been considered. Transboundary exchange of river discharge between Russia, China and Mongolia as well as limitations for the countries in the use of transboundary water bodies have been shown.
Surface Waters of the South of Russia: Dynamics of Quality
Authors:   Nikanorov A.M., Minina L.I., Lobchenko Y.Y., Nichiporova I.P.
Published: July 2021

The dynamics of surface water quality in the South of Russia: basins of the Kuban, the Don, the Lower Volga, the Krasnodar Kray Caucasus Black Sea coast, has been shown. It is noted that the highest level of the water pollution in the Kuban River and its tributaries is typical for the period of 1992-1999. Deterioration of water quality in the mouth part of the Don (Rostov Oblast) and the Lower Volga (Astrakhan Oblast) is caused by the effect of anthropogenic factors, one of which is a result of activity of a large numbers of enterprises of various industries. Pollution of the rivers of the Krasnodar Kray Black Sea coast is low in comparison with the regions of higher industrial and agricultural development, taking into account a recreational use of these territories.
Research of the Kizil-Dere Deposit Gallery Drainage Impact on Ecological and Hydro/chemical State of the Samur River Basin Waters
Authors:   Guruyev M.A., Osmanov M.M., Amayeva F.S., Aligadzhiyev M.M., Abdurakhmanova A.A.
Published: July 2021

Ecological and hydro/chemical status of surface waters and river sediments subjected to technogenic impact of the Kizik-Dere deposit has been assessed according to the data of the 2010–2011 testing. It has been stated that the gallery drainage from the deposit negatively infl uence the Samur River basin waters quality during some periods. Accumulation of the heavy metals ions and their extremely high content in the gallery drainage sediments were noted in the Kizil-Dere and the Akhtychay rivers that were second and fi rst order tributaries of the Samur River, respectively.
Mining Caused Environmental Damage Impact on the Hydrosphere Status of the Middle Urals
Authors:   Rybnikova L.S., Rybnikov P.A.
Published: July 2021

Analysis of reasons for formation of the historical environmental damage is made. The damage has been accumulated due to mining activities. Its impact on the status of surface water and groundwater has been estimated after termination of the mineral deposits’ mining. It is shown that mining leads to a series of hydro/geological problems that are specific to a mining area. Poor state of the hydrosphere after the end of production is determined by the fact that an effective mechanism for elimination of past environmental damage has not been developed.
Politics of Harmony, Social Capital and Tolerant Cities
Authors: Elyta Elyta , Herlan Herlan
Published: July 2021

Objective - Singkawang City, which is located in the Province of West Kalimantan-Indonesia, is a city with a significant level of ethnic heterogeneity, making it very vulnerable to various conflicts. However, in 2018, Singkawang City was named the most tolerant city in Indonesia through an assessment from the Setara Institute. For this reason, this study was conducted to analyze the political form of harmony and social capital, E-government as a Tolerant City in Singkawang City.

Methodology – The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with literature study as a data collection method. Data analysis was carried out in stages, namely collecting data, summarizing data, and making conclusions. This study finds that the form of political harmony is the intense collaboration be-tween state actors, the Religious Harmony Forum, and the community.

Findings – Interaction and commu-nicative relationships complement and strengthen each other. As the main actor, the people of Singkawang City have also seen and understood that they have diverse perspectives to avoid discrimination and intolerance. In addition, there are also forms of social capital created from the relationship between ethnic communities in Singkawang City, namely in the form of general norms and group characteristics.Therefore, it is concluded that the success of the Singkawang City government in making its area the most tolerant city in Indonesia from the Setara Institute in 2018 cannot be separated from the social capital owned by each tribe to live side by side in harmony with high values. spirit of tolerance.

Novelty – In addition, e-government and knowledge management are also important points in the formation of a tolerant society in Singkawang City which has people from various backgrounds.

Type of Paper - Review

Keywords: political harmony; social capital; tolerant city; e-government

JEL Classification: G32, H79.

URI: http://gatrenterprise.com/GATRJournals/JFBR/vol6.1_2.html

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/jfbr.2021.6.1(2)

Pages 51 – 61
INSTRUMENT OF ENGAGEMENT IN SCIENCE LEARNING: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY ANALYSES
Authors: Law Hui Haw , Sharif Sabariah , Han Crispina Gregory K
Published: July 2021

This study aims to identify the reliability and validity of the Science Learning Engagement Instrument (IPPS) that had been developed. Content validity was checked by four experts with a Content Validity Index (CVI) value of 0.885. The study was conducted with 130 Form 4 secondary school students in the Limbang district, Sarawak. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) Version 21.0. A total of 3 dimensions were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis. Meanwhile, all items had a factor loading value exceeding 0.40. The reliability value for the whole instrument is 0.835. The findings show that IPPS is a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, this instrument can be used as a reference for researchers for future research purposes.
APPLICATION OF MODIFIED NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE IN USABILITY STUDY OF FIQH ‎IKHTILAF MODEL FOR IPGM PISMP ISLAMIC TEACHERS-IN-TRAINING
Authors: Taha Ahmad Khairudin , Abdullah Atikullah
Published: July 2021

Based on the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, a Fiqh Ikhtilaf Model For ‎PISMP Islamic Teachers-In-Training ‎‎in IPGM was designed and developed with the involvement ‎of experts. Then, the model have to go through the usability evaluation process in the next ‎phase. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of the model. A total of 26 lecturers from ‎the Institute of Teacher Education (IPG) were involved as evaluators of the model. The data ‎obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics of percentages. The finding of the study ‎showed that all 21 items evaluated above the score value of 70 % and also can be concluded ‎that, NGT technique is able to save time and cost to obtain the required data from evaluators.
Hubungan Penggunaan Smartphone terhadap Ketajaman Penglihatan
Authors: Angmalisang Yonathan S. A. , Moningka Maya E. W. , Rumampuk Jimmy F.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Visual acuity is the ability of a person's eyes to distinguish the shapes and details of objects at a certain distance. Decreased visual acuity is still a health problem in society. A person's visual acuity is influenced by refraction, pupil size, light intensity, exposure time, retinal stimulation area, eye adaptation, and eye movement. The use of smartphones has become a necessity of everyday life in society. Several studies have shown that smartphone use can lead to decreased visual acuity. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between smartphone use and visual acuity and the factors that can affect visual acuity due to smartphone use. The research design used was a literature review with journals that can be accessed free full text through PubMed and ClinicalKey. As a result, the smartphone use can lead to DED, myopia, dan blurred vision. In conclusion, there is a relationship between smartphone use and visual acuityKeywords: smartphone, visual acuity  Abstrak: Ketajaman penglihatan adalah kemampuan mata seseorang untuk membedakan bentuk dan detail objek pada jarak tertentu. Penurunan ketajaman penglihatan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan dalam masyarakat. Ketajaman penglihatan seseorang dipengaruhi oleh refraksi, ukuran pupil, intensitas cahaya, waktu pemaparan, area stimulasi retina, adaptasi mata, dan gerakan mata. Penggunaan smartphone sudah menjadi kebutuhan kehidupan sehari-hari dalam masyarakat. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan smartphone dapat menyebabkan penurunan ketajaman penglihatan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan penggunaan smartphone terhadap ketajaman penglihatan dan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi ketajaman penglihatan karena penggunaan smartphone. Desain penelitian yang dipakai adalah literature review dengan jurnal-jurnal yang dapat diakses secara gratis melalui PubMed dan ClinicalKey. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan smartphone dapat mengakibatkan DED, miopia dan penglihatan kabur. Sebagai simpulan, terdapat hubungan penggunaan smartphone terhadap ketajaman penglihatanKata Kunci: smartphone, ketajaman penglihatan
Efek Antioksidan dari C-Fikosianin pada Spirulina
Authors: Burhan Henoch W. , Mewo Yanti M. , Assa Youla A.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Free radicals are the products of normal cellular metabolism containing one or more unpaired electrons, which makes them highly reactive and can cause cell damage and disruption of homeostasis. Depletion of antioxidants and/or accumulation of free radicals can cause oxidative stress which plays a role in the process of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, cancer, hemochromatosis, emphysema, hypertension and aging. C-phycocyanin is one of the main groups in phycobiliprotein and widely found in spirulina. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effect of C-phycocyanin against free radicals. This research is in the form of literature review by searching data using two databases namely Pubmed and Google Scholar. The keywords used are C-Phycocyanin Antioxidant Effect. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion, 10 literature was obtained for review. C-phycocyanin content in spirulina as an antioxidant can function as a defense mechanism against free radicals. In conclusion: the C-phycocyanin content from spirulina has antioxidant effect.Keywords: C-Phycocyanin, antioxidant effect, free radical   Abstrak: Radikal bebas merupakan produk normal hasil metabolisme berupa molekul dengan satu atau lebih elektron yang tidak berpasangan, sehingga bersifat sangat reaktif dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel dan terganggunya homeostasis. Deplesi dari antioksidan dan/atau akumulasi radikal bebas dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang berperan dalam proses terjadinya berbagai penyakit seperti penyakit inflamasi, kanker, hemokromatosis, emfismea, hipertensi dan proses penuaan. C-fikosianin merupakan salah satu gugus utama dalam fikobiliprotein yang larut dalam air dan banyak terdapat dalam spirulina. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek proteksi C-fikosianin terhadap radikal bebas. Penelitian ini berbentuk literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan dua database yaitu Pubmed dan Google Scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu C-Phycocyanin Antioxidant Effect. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan 10 literatur untuk di review. Kandungan C-fikosianin pada spirulina sebagai antioksidan bisa berfungsi sebagai mekanisme pertahanan terhadap radikal bebas. Sebagai simpulan, kandungan C-Fikosianin dalam spirulina memiliki efek antioksidanKata kunci: C-fikosianin, efek antioksidan, radikal bebas
Pengaruh Kopi Terhadap Kekuatan Otot
Authors: Kakauhe Gabriella , Wongkar Djon , Angmalisang Elvin C.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Coffee is one of the favorite drinks in the world today, with a consumption of 75% of the total consumption of soft drinks worldwide. Coffee consumption is believed to have an impact on health and muscle strength. Muscle strength itself is a component of fitness that has many aspects and is related to performances, which is supported by muscle, nerves, and mechanics factors. This study reviews the literature on the topic of the effect of coffee on muscle strength in order to determine the effects of coffee on muscle strength. This research is a literature review. Data searching was performed using 1 database, namely PubMed, using the keyword coffee AND muscle strength. The final result is (n=13). This study shows that coffee has a significant effect in increasing muscle strength. In conclusion, coffee has a significant effect on muscle strength.Keywords: coffee, muscle strength Abstrak: Kopi merupakan salah satu minuman terfavorit di dunia saat ini, dengan jumlah konsumsi 75% dari angka keseluruhan konsumsi minuman ringan di seluruh dunia. Konsumsi kopi sendiri dipercaya memiliki pengaruh terhadap kesehatan tubuh dan kekuatan otot. Kekuatan otot merupakan komponen kebugaran yang memiliki banyak aspek dan terkait dengan kinerja yang didukung oleh faktor otot, saraf, dan mekanis. Penelitian ini mengulas literatur dengan topik terkait pengaruh kopi terhadap kekuatan otot untuk mengetahui pengaruh kopi terhadap kekuatan otot. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang sifatnya literature review. Pencarian data menggunakan 1 database yaitu PubMed menggunakan kata kunci coffee AND muscle strength. Didapatkan hasil akhir (n=13). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kopi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam meningkatkan kekuatan otot. Sebagai simpulan, kopi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kekuatan otot.Kata kunci: kopi, kekuatan otot
Impact of reduced pressure crystallization on ferroelectric properties in hafnium-zirconium dioxide films deposited by sputtering
Authors: Hara Yuki , Mohit  , Murakami Tatsuya , Migita Shinji , Ota Hiroyuki , Morita Yukinori , Tokumitsu Eisuke
Published: July 2021

The impact of reduced pressure annealing on ferroelectric properties in hafnium-zirconium oxide (HZO) films deposited by sputtering has been investigated. It is demonstrated that the HZO films annealed at 600 °C at less than 100 Pa show excellent ferroelectric properties, whereas the HZO films annealed at more than 1000 Pa show degraded electrical properties. This is presumably due to the introduction of oxygen vacancies, which stabilize the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase. Thermal stability can be also improved for the HZO films annealed at reduced pressures. In addition, ferroelectric gate transistor operation is demonstrated using an HZO gate insulator annealed at 100 Pa with the indium-tin-oxide channel.
PEWARNAAN ALAMI DAN SINTETIS LIMBAH SISIK IKAN SEBAGAI POTENSI PERHIASAN/ AKSESORIS MODE
Authors: Hartanto Susi
Published: July 2021

Result from interview with Manado fish scale handicraft industry stakeholder states that wantex is commonly used as colorant for fish scales, resulting in rather vivid and plastic-like colors. Through a series of experiment using natural and synthetic colorants, turmeric (yellow), red yeast rice (red), and synthetic food colorant (Brilliant Blue FCF) are most applicable colorants, producing good results on fish scales.  Combinations of these three colorants produce many good secondary colors with new and mild gradations and translucency, very potential to be developed for fashion jewelry explorations which use snapper fish scale as the main material.  

Key words : colorant, natural, synthetic, fish, scale, snapper

 

Dari hasil wawancara industri kerajinan sisik ikan Manado, wantex tekstil digunakan sebagai zat pewarna sisik ikan sehingga hasil warna yang didapat cenderung pekat dan seperti plastik. Melalui berbagai uji pewarna alami dan sintetis, kunyit (kuning), angkak (merah) dan pewarna makanan sintetis biru (Biru Brilliant FCF) merupakan pewarna yang paling mudah untuk diaplikasikan dan juga menghasilkan warna yang baik pada sisik ikan. Pencampuran ketiga warna tersebut menghasilkan banyak warna sekunder dengan gradasi dan translusensi sisik ikan yang baru dan berwarna lembut sehingga potensial digunakan untuk eksplorasi perhiasan mode berbahan dasar sisik ikan kakap.

Kata Kunci: pewarna, alami, sintetis, sisik, ikan, kakap
Remote mental health rehabilitation: Social Health Educators between experience and innovation
Authors: Cimino Maurizio , Semisa Domenico
Published: July 2021

Following the Covid-19 pandemic, in our country strict containment measures have been put in place to safeguard, first and foremost, vulnerable swathes of the population, including people affected by psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, a large part of Mental Health Centers activities, territorial rehabilitation, counselling sessions, aid and psychoeducational activities, social skills training, workshops, as well as family support, monitoring and network activities with rehabilitation centers workers and users have been rearranged in another modality, namely the so-called “remote modality”. Despite the undisputed and essential value of human contact and face-to-face relationships, the work reported here shows the importance, for Mental Health Services, of employing communicative modalities, like the current alternative virtual ones which, after the initial difficulties were overcome, have been appreciated, further implemented and widely used by now because of their efficacy, so much so that it is thought that they could eventually be combined with traditional modalities.
Distribución del ingreso en México: Tomo I
Authors: Díez-Canedo Juan , Vera y Ferrer Gabriel , Altimir Oscar , Bergsman Joel , Zazueta César , Rizzo Sócrates , Maldonado Víctor , Reyes Heroles Jesús , Cervantes Jesús , Gómez Octavio , Arnaud Enrique , Gibson William , Lusting Nora , Taylor Lance
Published: July 2021

Este documento es el segundo del proyecto sobre la distribución del ingreso en México, iniciado hace algunos años por el Banco de México, S.A. El propósito de dicho proyecto es analizar la distribución del ingreso en nuestro país, especialmente a partir de los resultados de la encuesta de Ingreso-Gasto realizada en 1977 por la Secretaría de Programación y Presupuesto y en la que participó el Banco de México, S.A.
Over-Sampled Codes Design for PCFM Waveforms-based WideBand BeamPattern Synthesis
Authors: Gemechu Ashenafi Yadessa , Cui Guolong , Yu Xianxiang
Published: July 2021

The paper focuses on the design of over-sampled sequence to realize pulse coded frequency modulated(PCFM) waveform based wideband beampattern synthesis. It aims to solve the problem with space-frequency nulling having spectrally contained constant modulus waveforms. Specifically, it considers to minimize the OOB spectral power of the individual code sequences, hence, the individual waveforms during the design process.

This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.