bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Printing Polymeric Materials for Robots with Embedded Systems
Authors: Delda Ray Noel Medina , Basuel Rex Balisalisa , Hacla Rodel Peralta , Martinez Dan William Carpiano , Cabibihan John-John , Dizon John Ryan Cortez
Published: November 2021

The fabrication of robots and their embedded systems is challenging due to the complexity of the interacting components. The integration of additive manufacturing (AM) to robotics has made advancements in robotics manufacturing through sophisticated and state-of-the-art AM technologies and materials. With the emergence of 3D printing, 3D printing materials are also being considered and engineered for specific applications. This study reviews different 3D printing materials for 3D printing embedded robotics. Materials such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), flexible photopolymers, silicone, and elastomer-based materials were found to be the most used 3D printing materials due to their suitability for robotic applications. This review paper revealed that the key areas requiring more research are material formulations for improved mechanical properties, cost, and the inclusion of materials for specific applications. Future perspectives are also provided.
Strong Alterations in the Sphingolipid Profile of Chickens Fed a Dose of Fumonisins Considered Safe
Authors: Tardieu Didier , Matard-Mann Maria , Collén Pi Nyvall , Guerre Philippe
Published: November 2021

Fumonisins (FB) are mycotoxins known to exert most of their toxicity by blocking ceramide synthase, resulting in disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. Although the effects of FB on sphinganine (Sa) and sphingosine (So) are well documented in poultry, little information is available on their other effects on sphingolipids. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of FB on the hepatic and plasma sphingolipidome in chickens. The first concern of this analysis was to clarify the effects of FB on hepatic sphingolipid levels, whose variations can lead to numerous toxic manifestations. The second was to specify the possible use of an alteration of the sphingolipidome as a biomarker of exposure to FB, in addition to the measurement of the Sa:So ratio already widely used. For this purpose, we developed an UHPLC MS/MS method that enabled the determination of 82 SL, including 10 internal standards, in chicken liver and plasma. The validated method was used to measure the effects of FB administered to chickens at a dose close to 20 mg FB1 + FB2/kg feed for 9 days. Significant alterations of sphingoid bases, ceramides, dihydroceramides, glycosylceramides, sphingomyelins and dihydrosphingomyelins were observed in the liver. In addition, significant increases in plasma sphinganine 1-phosphate, sphingosine 1-phosphate and sphingomyelins were observed in plasma. Interestingly, partial least-squares discriminant analysis of 11 SL in plasma made it possible to discriminate exposed chickens from control chickens, whereas analysis of Sa and So alone revealed no difference. In conclusion, our results show that the effects of FB in chickens are complex, and that SL profiling enables the detection of exposure to FB when Sa and So fail.
Strategies to Improve Immune Suppression Post-Liver Transplantation: A Review
Authors: Mohamed Islam B , Aloor Fuad Z , Jalal Prasun K
Published: November 2021

Since the first liver transplantation operation (LT) in 1967 by Thomas Starzl, efforts to increase survival and prevent rejection have taken place. The development of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) in the 1980s led to a surge in survival post-transplantation, and since then, strategies to prevent graft loss and preserve long-term graft function have been prioritized. Allograft rejection is mediated by the host immune response to donor antigens. Prevention of rejection can be achieved through either immunosuppression or induction of tolerance. This leads to a clinical dilemma, as the choice of an immunosuppressive agent is not an easy task, with considerable patient and graft-related morbidities. On the other hand, the induction of graft tolerance remains a challenge. Despite the fact that the liver exhibits less rejection than any other transplanted organs, spontaneous graft tolerance is rare. Most immunosuppressive medications have been incriminated in renal, cardiovascular, and neurological complications, relapse of viral hepatitis, and recurrence of HCC and other cancers. Efforts to minimize immunosuppression are directed toward decreasing medication side effects, increasing cost effectiveness, and decreasing economic burden without increasing the risk of rejection. In this article, we will discuss recent advances in strategies for improving immunosuppression following liver transplantation.
Comparative Sensitivity of Rapid Antigen Tests for the Delta Variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Sakai-Tagawa Yuko , Yamayoshi Seiya , Halfmann Peter J. , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: November 2021

Rapid antigen tests (RATs) for COVID-19 based on lateral flow immunoassays are useful for rapid diagnosis in a variety of settings. Although many kinds of RATs are available, their respective sensitivity has not been compared. Here, we examined the sensitivity of 27 RATs available in Japan for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. All of the RATs tested detected the delta variant albeit with different sensitivities. Nine RATs (ESPLINE SARS-CoV-2, ALSONIC COVID-19 Ag, COVID-19 and Influenza A+B Antigen Combo Rapid Test, ImmunoArrow SARS-CoV-2, Fuji Dri-chem immuno AG cartridge COVID-19 Ag, 2019-nCoV Ag rapid detection kit, Saliva SARS-CoV-2(2019-nCoV) Antigen Test Kit, and Rabliss SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection kit COVID19 AG) showed superior sensitivity to the isolated delta variant. Although actual clinical specimens were not examined, the detection level of most of the RATs was 7500 pfu, indicating that individuals whose test samples contained less virus than that would be considered negative. Therefore, it is important to bear in mind that RATs may miss individuals shedding low levels of infectious virus.
Genetic Characterization and Pathogenesis of Three Novel Reassortant H5N2 Viruses in South Korea, 2018
Authors: Nguyen Anh Thi Viet , Hoang Vui Thi , Sung Haan Woo , Yeo Seon-Ju , Park Hyun
Published: November 2021

The outbreaks of H5N2 avian influenza viruses have occasionally caused the death of thousands of birds in poultry farms. Surveillance during the 2018 winter season in South Korea revealed three H5N2 isolates in feces samples collected from wild birds (KNU18-28: A/Wild duck/South Korea/KNU18-28/2018, KNU18-86: A/Bean Goose/South Korea/KNU18-86/2018, and KNU18-93: A/Wild duck/South Korea/KNU18-93/2018). Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that these viruses arose from reassortment events among various virus subtypes circulating in South Korea and other countries in the East Asia–Australasian Flyway. The NS gene of the KNU18-28 and KNU18-86 isolates was closely related to that of China’s H10N3 strain, whereas the KNU18-93 strain originated from the H12N2 strain in Japan, showing two different reassortment events and different from a low pathogenic H5N3 (KNU18-91) virus which was isolated at the same day and same place with KNU18-86 and KNU18-93. These H5N2 isolates were characterized as low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. However, many amino acid changes in eight gene segments were identified to enhance polymerase activity and increase adaptation and virulence in mice and mammals. Experiments reveal that viral replication in MDCK cells was quite high after 12 hpi, showing the ability to replicate in mouse lungs. The hematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) lung sections indicated different degrees of pathogenicity of the three H5N2 isolates in mice compared with that of the control H1N1 strain. The continuing circulation of these H5N2 viruses may represent a potential threat to mammals and humans. Our findings highlight the need for intensive surveillance of avian influenza virus circulation in South Korea to prevent the risks posed by these reassortment viruses to animal and public health.
Regulation of Viral Restriction by Post-Translational Modifications
Authors: Chamontin Célia , Bossis Guillaume , Nisole Sébastien , Arhel Nathalie J. , Maarifi Ghizlane
Published: November 2021

Intrinsic immunity is orchestrated by a wide range of host cellular proteins called restriction factors. They have the capacity to interfere with viral replication, and most of them are tightly regulated by interferons (IFNs). In addition, their regulation through post-translational modifications (PTMs) constitutes a major mechanism to shape their action positively or negatively. Following viral infection, restriction factor modification can be decisive. Palmitoylation of IFITM3, SUMOylation of MxA, SAMHD1 and TRIM5α or glycosylation of BST2 are some of those PTMs required for their antiviral activity. Nonetheless, for their benefit and by manipulating the PTMs machinery, viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to counteract restriction factors. Indeed, many viral proteins evade restriction activity by inducing their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Studies on PTMs and their substrates are essential for the understanding of the antiviral defense mechanisms and provide a global vision of all possible regulations of the immune response at a given time and under specific infection conditions. Our aim was to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the role of PTMs on restriction factors with an emphasis on their impact on viral replication.
Comparison of the Proteomes of Porcine Macrophages and a Stable Porcine Cell Line after Infection with African Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Wöhnke Elisabeth , Fuchs Walter , Hartmann Luise , Blohm Ulrike , Blome Sandra , Mettenleiter Thomas C. , Karger Axel
Published: November 2021

African swine fever virus (ASFV), causing an OIE-notifiable viral disease of swine, is spreading over the Eurasian continent and threatening the global pig industry. Here, we conducted the first proteome analysis of ASFV-infected primary porcine monocyte-derived macrophages (moMΦ). In parallel to moMΦ isolated from different pigs, the stable porcine cell line WSL-R was infected with a recombinant of ASFV genotype IX strain “Kenya1033”. The outcome of the infections was compared via quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteome analysis. Major differences with respect to the expression of viral proteins or the host cell response were not observed. However, cell-specific expression of some individual viral proteins did occur. The observed modulations of the host proteome were mainly related to cell characteristics and function. Overall, we conclude that both infection models are suitable for use in the study of ASFV infection in vitro.
The Molecular Basis for Erns Dimerization in Classical Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Mischler Manjula , Meyers Gregor
Published: November 2021

The pestivirus classical swine fever virus (CSFV) represents one of the most important pathogens of swine. Its virulence is dependent on the RNase activity of the essential structural glycoprotein Erns that uses an amphipathic helix as a membrane anchor and forms homodimers via disulfide bonds employing cysteine 171. Dimerization is not necessary for CSFV viability but for its virulence. Mutant Erns proteins lacking cysteine 171 are still able to interact transiently as shown in crosslink experiments. Deletion analysis did not reveal the presence of a primary sequence-defined contact surface essential for dimerization, but indicated a general importance of an intact ectodomain for efficient establishment of dimers. Pseudoreverted viruses reisolated in earlier experiments from pigs with mutations Cys171Ser/Ser209Cys exhibited partially restored virulence and restoration of the ability to form Erns homodimers. Dimer formation was also observed for experimentally mutated proteins, in which other amino acids at different positions of the membrane anchor region of Erns were replaced by cysteine. However, with one exception of two very closely located residues, the formation of disulfide-linked dimers was only observed for cysteine residues located at the same position of the helix.
Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model
Authors: Attoui Houssam , Monsion Baptiste , Klonjkowski Bernard , Zientara Stéphan , Mertens Peter , Mohd Jaafar Fauziah
Published: November 2021

Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 to 24 are transmitted primarily by infected Culicoides midges, in which they also replicate. However, “atypical” BTV serotypes (BTV-25, -26, -27 and -28) have recently been identified that do not infect and replicate in adult Culicoides, or a Culicoides derived cell line (KC cells). These atypical viruses are transmitted horizontally by direct contact between infected and susceptible hosts (primarily small ruminants) causing only mild clinical signs, although the exact transmission mechanisms involved have yet to be determined. We used reverse genetics to generate a strain of BTV-1 (BTV-1 RGC7) which is less virulent, infecting IFNAR(−/−) mice without killing them. Reassortant viruses were also engineered, using the BTV-1 RGC7 genetic backbone, containing individual genome segments derived from BTV-26. These reassortant viruses were used to explore the genetic control of horizontal transmission (HT) in the IFNAR(−/−) mouse model. Previous studies showed that genome segments 1, 2 and 3 restrict infection of Culicoides cells, along with a minor role for segment 7. The current study demonstrates that genome segments 2, 5 and 10 of BTV-26 (coding for proteins VP2, NS1 and NS3/NS3a/NS5, respectively) are individually sufficient to promote HT.
Kikuchi–Fujimoto Disease Post COVID-19 Vaccination: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Tan Hui Min , Hue Susan Swee-Shan , Wee Aileen , See Kay Choong
Published: November 2021

With the rapid development of various coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in a bid to counter and contain the COVID-19 pandemic, unusual and uncommon side effects of COVID-19 vaccination have been increasingly reported in the literature. Ipsilateral lymphadenopathy is a fairly common side effect of vaccination of any kind, with its etiology most commonly related to reactive lymphadenopathy. However, Kikuchi–Fujimoto Disease (KFD) or necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis is rarely observed post-vaccination, with only one other case of KFD post COVID-19 vaccination reported to date. We report two more cases of KFD post COVID-19 vaccination in the Asian population, highlighting the clinical course and salient clinical, radiological and histologic findings. In addition, we provide a literature review of the existing cases of lymphadenopathy post COVID-19 vaccination with cytologic and/or histologic correlation.
Willingness to Receive COVID-19 Vaccination among Older Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Survey
Authors: Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled , Alshareef Noor , El-Sokkary Rehab H.
Published: November 2021

Identifying the factors driving vaccine hesitancy can improve vaccine attitudes and motivate individuals to have the recommended vaccinations. However, failure to address the issue directly, or worse, ignoring it, could deepen such concerns, resulting in lower vaccination rates, leading to elevated rates of illness and vaccine-preventable deaths among older adults. The aim of this study was to explore the rate of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among older adults in Saudi Arabia, along with the associated predicting factors and reasons for hesitancy. This study extracted data from a cross-sectional online survey on the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia, which was conducted from 8 to 14 December 2020. The sample of the study included 488 older adults aged 50 and older. The major data analytic tools employed in the study were bivariate and multivariable regression analyses. Among the 488 participants, 214 (43.85%) reported willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine when available. Older men were more likely to be willing to be vaccinated (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.277; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.092–4.745) than older women. High levels of education were significantly associated with willingness to be vaccinated. Older adults who had previously refused any vaccine were less likely to take the COVID-19 vaccine (aOR: 0.358; 95% CI: 0.154–0.830). Those who expressed a high or very high level of concern related to becoming infected were more likely to accept the vaccine against COVID-19 (aOR: 4.437; 95% CI: 2.148–9.168). Adverse side effects (27.01%), and safety and efficacy concerns (22.63%) were the most commonly cited reasons for vaccine hesitancy. The vaccination acceptance rate among older adults in Saudi Arabia is low. Interventions designed specifically for older adults addressing worries and concerns related to the vaccine are of paramount importance. In particular, these interventions should be tailored to address gender-based and health literacy level differences.
Evaluation of the Cross-Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric PRRSV Vaccine against Two Genetically Diverse PRRSV2 Field Strains in a Reproductive Model
Authors: Jeong Chang-Gi , Khatun Amina , Nazki Salik , Kim Seung-Chai , Noh Yun-Hee , Kang Sang-Chul , Lee Dong-Uk , Yang Myeon-Sik , Shabir Nadeem , Yoon In-Joong , Kim Bumseok , Kim Won-Il
Published: November 2021

Despite the routine use of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)-modified live vaccines, serious concerns are currently being raised due to their quick reversion to virulence and limited cross-protection against divergent PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains circulating in the field. Therefore, a PRRS chimeric vaccine (JB1) was produced using a DNA-launched infectious clone by replacing open reading frames (ORFs) 3–6 with those from a mixture of two genetically different PRRSV2 strains (K07–2273 and K08–1054) and ORF1a with that from a mutation-resistant PRRSV strain (RVRp22) exhibiting an attenuated phenotype. To evaluate the safety and cross-protective efficacy of JB1 in a reproductive model, eight PRRS-negative pregnant sows were purchased and divided into four groups. Four sows in two of the groups were vaccinated with JB1, and the other 4 sows were untreated at gestational day 60. At gestational day 93, one vaccinated group and one nonvaccinated group each were challenged with either K07–2273 or K08–1054. All of the sows aborted or delivered until gestation day 115 (24 days post challenge), and the newborn piglets were observed up to the 28th day after birth, which was the end of the experiment. Overall, pregnant sows of the JB1-vaccinated groups showed no meaningful viremia after vaccination and significant reductions in viremia with K07–2273 and K08–1054, exhibiting significantly higher levels of serum virus-neutralizing antibodies than non-vaccinated sows. Moreover, the JB1-vaccinated groups did not exhibit any abortion due to vaccination and showed improved piglet viability and birth weight. The piglets from JB1-vaccinated sows displayed lower viral concentrations in serum and fewer lung lesions compared with those of the piglets from the nonvaccinated sows. Therefore, JB1 is a safe and effective vaccine candidate that confers simultaneous protection against two genetically different PRRSV strains.
Cervical Cancer Protection in Japan: Where Are We?
Authors: Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Kakuda Mamoru , Nakagawa Satoshi , Hiramatsu Kosuke , Miyoshi Ai , Kobayashi Eiji , Kimura Toshihiro , Kurosawa Megumi , Yamaguchi Manako , Adachi Sosuke , Kudo Risa , Sekine Masayuki , Suzuki Yukio , Sukegawa Akiko , Ikeda Sayaka , Miyagi Etsuko , Enomoto Takayuki , Kimura Tadashi
Published: November 2021

In Japan, government subsidies for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of girls aged 13–16 commenced in 2010. By early 2013, vaccination had become a widely accepted national immunization program. However, in June of 2013, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW), the government’s lead agency, suspended its recommendation for vaccination in response to reports of adverse vaccine events. The rate of HPV vaccination quickly dropped from 70% to almost zero, where it has lingered for eight years. In 2020, a new 9-valent HPV vaccine was licensed in Japan. The momentum seemed to be building for the resumption of HPV vaccinations, yet Japanese mothers remain widely hesitant about vaccinating their daughters, despite the well-proven safety and efficacy of the HPV vaccines. The Japanese government and our educational and medical institutions must work harder as a team to inform our parents and their children about the life-saving benefits of the HPV vaccine, and at the same time, we must respond to all their concerns and questions. The vaccine hesitancy of unvaccinated women born in 2000 and thereafter is a natural consequence of the suspension of the government‘s recommendation. We must also take every possible measure to reduce the significant risk for cervical cancer these women have.
Comparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs
Authors: Kim Won Suk , Vinayak Arathi , Powers Barbara
Published: November 2021

Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is the most common neoplasm of the canine oral cavity. It is characterized by its aggressive local disease as well as its high rate of lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis. OMM carries a poor prognosis, with most patients succumbing to the disease due to progression of the neoplasm. Histopathologically, OMM is characterized by significant nuclear atypia, a mitotic index of greater than 4/10 hpf, and evidence of vascular invasion or metastasis. Clinically, these lesions can become locally invasive, causing lysis of bones and severe inflammation of the surrounding soft tissue. With time, these lesions can spread to the regional lymph node and to the lungs and other organs. Prognosis can vary depending on the size of the primary tumor, regional node involvement, and distant metastatic disease; however, multiple studies report a relatively short median survival time ranging from less than 4 months to 8 months. Histologically well- differentiated melanocytic neoplasms (HWDMN) are a variant of OMM and sometimes referred to as canine oral melanocytic neoplasms of low malignant potential. Unlike OMM, patients with HWDMN have longer survival times. Histopathologically, HWDMNs have well-differentiated melanocytes with a low mitotic index of 3 or less per 10 hpf and minimal nuclear atypia. HWDMNs have better prognosis with a mean survival time of up to 34 months. This article is a comparative review of OMM and its less aggressive counterpart.
Low-Voltage Ride through Capability Augmentation of DFIG-Based Wind Farms Using Series-Parallel Resonance-Type Fault Current Limiter
Authors: Haque Md. Yah-Ya Ul , Hasan Jakir , Islam Md. Rashidul , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: November 2021

The introduction of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) has facilitated the utilization of wind energy to a great extent and constituted distributed generation (DG) systems in remote places. Therefore, long transmission lines are required to interconnect with the utility grid and, consequently, different short-circuit faults interrupt this transmission. Use of different fault current limiters (FCLs) minimizes the effect of faults and allows normal operation with minimum interruption in power flow. In this study, a series-parallel resonance-type fault current limiter (SPRFCL) is presented for enhancing the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of DFIG-based wind farms. The SPRFCL preserves the nominal voltage and power quality within the permissible limit during normal operation and during disturbances irrespective of the type of fault. The effectiveness of the proposed SPRFCL is validated by simulating both symmetrical and asymmetrical faults. Alongside the SPRFCL, two state-of-the-art FCLs—the parallel resonance-type fault current limiter (PRFCL) and the capacitive bridge-type fault current limiter (CBFCL)—are considered to investigate and compare the relative performances. Several graphical and numerical studies assure the efficacy of the proposed SPRFCL in wind farm application in multiple aspect. Moreover, the stunning total harmonic distortion (THD) values with the proposed technique signifies the excellency over its competitors. Additionally, the sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) analysis confirms the supremacy of SPRFCL for series compensated lines.
PARTICIPATION OF THE POLYTRICHACEAE FAMILY IN THE FORMATION OF THE MOSSON COVER OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Hapon S. , Hapon Yu.
Published: November 2021

The participation of species of the family Polytrichaceae in the formation of bryocenoses of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine is analyzed in the article. The part of the syntaxonomic scheme of moss vegetation of Ukraine, in the syntaxons of which the species of the studied family take part, is given. In the bryoflora of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine we (Gapon S., 2011) found 10 species, namely: Atrichum tenellum, A. undulatum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichum commune, R. formosum, P. juniperinum, P. longisetum, P. perigoniale, R. piliferum, P. strictum.According to the results of our research, it is established that the epigeal bryogroups of the region include 6 species of the family, each of which has a different coenotic role. Epigeous bryogroups with species of the family Polytrichaceae are represented by four classes, five orders, 7 unions, two sub-unions, 11 associations, four sub-associations and 5 rankless groups.In the bryocenoses of the associations Racomitrio-Polytrichetum piliferi ceratodontetosum purpurei, Polytrichetum juniperini and the rankless group Atrichum undulatum – somm. classes Seratodonto purpurei-Polytrichétea piliferi, Cladonio digitatae-Lepidozietea reptantis species Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Atrichum undulatum are edificators and are diagnostic species. In the composition of other syntaxons of epigeal groups of classes Seratodonto purpurei-Polytrichétea piliferi, Cladonio digitatae-Lepidozietea reptantis, Pleurochaeto squarrosae-Abietinelletea abietinae, Hylocomietea splendentis, these and other species: Рolytrichum commune, P. formosum, P. longisetum, P. strictum detected infrequently and sporadically.
Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 to Detect Pediatric Cisplatin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: McMahon Kelly R. , Chui Hayton , Rassekh Shahrad Rod , Schultz Kirk R. , Blydt-Hansen Tom D. , Mammen Cherry , Pinsk Maury , Cuvelier Geoffrey D. E. , Carleton Bruce C. , Tsuyuki Ross T. , Ross Colin J.D. , Devarajan Prasad , Huynh Louis , Yordanova Mariya , Crépeau-Hubert Frédérik , Wang Stella , Cockovski Vedran , Palijan Ana , Zappitelli Michael
Published: November 2021

Background

Few studies have described associations between the AKI biomarkers urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) with AKI in cisplatin-treated children. We aimed to describe excretion patterns of urine NGAL and KIM-1 and associations with AKI in children receiving cisplatin.

Methods

Participants (n=159) were enrolled between 2013 and 2017 in a prospective cohort study conducted in 12 Canadian pediatric hospitals. Participants were evaluated at early cisplatin infusions (at first or second cisplatin cycle) and late cisplatin infusions (last or second-to-last cycle). Urine NGAL and KIM-1 were measured (1) pre-cisplatin infusion, (2) post-infusion (morning after), and (3) at hospital discharge at early and late cisplatin infusions. Primary outcome: AKI defined by serum creatinine rise within 10 days post-cisplatin, on the basis of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines criteria (stage 1 or higher).

Results

Of 159 children, 156 (median [interquartile range (IQR)] age: 5.8 [2.4–12.0] years; 78 [50%] female) had biomarker data available at early cisplatin infusions and 127 had data at late infusions. Forty six of the 156 (29%) and 22 of the 127 (17%) children developed AKI within 10 days of cisplatin administration after early and late infusions, respectively. Urine NGAL and KIM-1 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with versus without AKI (near hospital discharge of late cisplatin infusion, median [IQR] NGAL levels were 76.1 [10.0–232.7] versus 14.9 [5.4–29.7] ng/mg creatinine; KIM-1 levels were 4415 [2083–9077] versus 1049 [358–3326] pg/mg creatinine; P<0.01). These markers modestly discriminated for AKI (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC-ROC] range: NGAL, 0.56–0.72; KIM-1, 0.48–0.75). Biomarker concentrations were higher and better discriminated for AKI at late cisplatin infusions (AUC-ROC range, 0.54–0.75) versus early infusions (AUC-ROC range, 0.48–0.65).

Conclusions

Urine NGAL and KIM-1 were modest at discriminating for cisplatin-associated AKI. Further research is needed to determine clinical utility and applicability of these markers and associations with late kidney outcomes.
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in patients with brucellosis
Authors: Majzoobi Mohammad Mahdi , Ghasemi Basir Hamid Reza , Bastami Fateme , Sanaei Zahra , Sheikh Vida , Eini Peyman
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), is generally characterized by hyponatremia and hypo-osmolarity. Objectives: SIADH may develop following some infectious diseases including brucellosis, which regarding the severity of the disease may cause morbidity or mortality. Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, 110 patients with brucellosis and 110 healthy controls were enrolled. The case group was selected among patients having clinical signs and symptoms of brucellosis with a Wright test titer ≥1/160 and a 2ME test titer ≥1/80. About 10 cc blood sample was taken from each of them to test the blood sugar, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum sodium, serum potassium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and serum cortisol. Random urine samples were also taken from participants to measure the urinary osmolarity and sodium. Results: The frequency of hyponatremia (Na <135 mEq/L) in patients with brucellosis was significantly higher than the control group but there was no significant difference between the groups in the frequency of abnormal urinary sodium (more than 40 mEq/L). Meanwhile, the frequency of abnormal uric acid (less than 4 mg/dL) was significantly higher in patients than the control group. The frequency of abnormal urine osmolarity (above 300 mOsm/kg) was significantly higher in patients than the control group. In total, only 9 out of 110 patients had SIADH with asymptomatic mild hyponatremia and severe hyponatremia was seen only in one patient with prolonged Brucella meningitis. Conclusion: Based on the defined criteria, 8.2% of brucellosis patients were at the risk of SIADH, but the findings were in favor of asymptomatic SIADH without prominent hyponatremia.
Prevalence and clinical presentation of COVID-19 infection in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Kenarkoohi Azra , Maleki Maryam , Ghiasi Bahareh , Bastani Elham , Pakzad Iraj , Bonyadi Mahtab , Abdoli Amir , Falahi Shahab
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HD patients. Patients and Methods: This is a single-center study conducted at HD center, in Ilam, Iran. The study was included 87 HD patients to be tested. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed with confirmed test by rRT-PCR (real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) assay. Results: Around 35.63% of HD patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 infection; most of them were male (74.4%). Dyspnea (58.1%) and cough (45.2%) were the most common symptoms among HD cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diabetes (16.1%) and hypertension (19.4%) were the most coexisting medical illnesses. About 12.9% of patients needed ICU care. Additionally, 16.1% of our patients died, which all of them were male. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of COVID-19 among our HD group, accompanied by mild symptoms. The HD population is probably among the most sensitive and high-risk groups for COVID-19 because of advanced age, comorbidities disease, low-immune function and frequent required visits, and patient overload in HD centers. Preventive measures should be taken in order to minimize the virus transmission in dialysis centers.
Everolimus induced pulmonary thromboembolism after kidney transplantation; a case report
Authors: Saddadi Fereshteh , Fallahkohan Mohammad Hassan
Published: November 2021

Choice of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy after renal transplantation is important for graft survival. However, complication may also occur. Venous thromboembolic event with the mTOR inhibitor (mTORi) everolimus is a rare but life-threatening complication. Here we describe a renal transplant recipient who developed pulmonary thromboembolism.
TÜRK HUKUK YARGILAMASI İLE MUKAYESELİ OLARAK AMERİKAN HUKUK YARGILAMASINDA GIYAPTA HÜKÜM (DEFAULT JUDGMENT)
Authors: GÖKSU Mustafa
Published: November 2021

Bir dava açıldığında davalının dava dilekçesine cevap vermesinin ya da bir savunma yapmasının zorunlu olup olmadığı, hukuk yargılamasındaki en kilit konulardan birini oluşturmaktadır. Zira böyle bir zorunluluğun bulunup bulunmadığı hususu, yargılamanın yürütülmesine ilişkin diğer bazı önemli kuralları da etkilemektedir. Keza taraflardan birisinin duruşmalara katılmamasının sonuçları da benzer şekilde büyük önem taşımaktadır. Amerikan hukuk yargılamasında, davaya cevap vermeyen veya yargılamaya katılmayan ya da duruşmalara hazırlık aşamasında mahkemece verilen talimatlara uymayan taraflar bakımından gıyapta hüküm verilmesi usulü bulunmaktadır. Hukukumuzda ise davaya cevap verme zorunluluğu bulunmadığı gibi, duruşmaya katılmayan taraf bakımından gıyap gibi bir yaptırım da yer almamaktadır. Oysaki gıyapta yargılama kurumu, 1985 yılından önce çok uzunca bir süre Türk hukuk yargılamasında var olmuş, ancak karmaşık yapısı ve yeterince anlaşılamamış olması sebebiyle kaldırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Amerikan hukukundaki gıyapta hüküm kurumu, Türk hukukundaki mevcut hükümler ve mülga gıyapta yargılama kurumu ile mukayeseli olarak incelenmiştir.
TİCARET ŞİRKETLERİ BAKIMINDAN TÂBİİYET PLANLAMASI VE ULUSLARARASI YATIRIM HUKUKU AÇISINDAN DOĞURDUĞU SONUÇLAR
Authors: KAYA Talat
Published: November 2021

Ulusal ve uluslararası hukukta ticaret şirketlerinin tâbiiyetini tayin açısından çoğunlukla kuruluş yeri ve merkez yeri esasları kullanılmaktadır. Uluslararası yatırım anlaşmaları da yatırımcı şirketleri bu esaslar temelinde tanımlamaktadır. Hakem heyetlerinin ise kuruluş yeri esası ile herhangi bir nitelemeden yoksun merkez yeri esasını biçimsel olarak yorumlaması tâbiiyet planlamasına olanak sağlamıştır. Tâbiiyet planlaması, şirketlerin yatırımın başlangıcı veya sonrasındaki bir dönemde elverişli yatırım iklimi ve/veya hukuki alt yapı sunan bir devletin tâbiiyetini edinimi olarak tanımlanabilir. Şirketler uluslararası yatırım hukuku bağlamında genellikle yatırım tahkimine başvurma hakkına kavuşmak amacıyla tâbiiyet planlamasına girişmektedir. Ancak kaynak ülke ile gerçek bir bağı bulunmayan tabela şirketler tarafından başlatılan tahkim davaları tâbiiyet planlaması uygulamasına karşı bir tepkiyi de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu tepki iki şekilde ortaya çıkmıştır. İlk olarak yatırım tahkimi davalarında ev sahibi devletlerin itirazları üzerine bazı hakem heyetleri tâbiiyet planlamasının amacı ve/veya gerçekleştirime zamanını dikkate alarak bu uygulamayı hakkın kötüye kullanılması yasağı içerisinde değerlendirmiştir. İkinci olarak ise devletler son dönemde yapmış oldukları ikili ve çok taraflı yatırım anlaşmalarında yatırımcı tanımını daraltmış ve/veya tâbiiyet planlamasına karşı faydaların reddi hükümlerine yer vermişlerdir.
ANONİM ŞİRKET HUKUKUNDA RÜÇHAN HAKKININ SINIRLANDIRILMASI VE KALDIRILMASINDA HAKLI SEBEP ŞARTI
Authors: BAKIR Ayhan
Published: November 2021

Anonim şirkette sermaye artırımı ile mevcut pay sahiplerinin şirketteki durumunun korunması amacıyla rüçhan hakkı tanınmıştır. Ancak haklı sebeplerin varlığı halinde pay sahiplerine tanınan rüçhan hakkının sınırlandırılması veya kaldırılması söz konusu olabilir.
Haklı sebep, somut olaya göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu nedenle öğretide üzerinde uzlaşılmış bir haklı sebebin tanımı bulunmamaktadır. Haklı sebep konusunda gösterilen sebeplerin haklı olup olmaması ile ilgili bazı kriterler ise öğretide kabul edilmektedir. Bahsedilen kriterler; anonim şirketin menfaati, sosyal gerekçeler ve ekonomik stratejisidir.
Haklı sebep konusunda Türk mevzuatında bir tanım yapılmamış olmakla birlikte birtakım örnekler verilmiştir. Bunlardan bazıları; halka arz, işletmelerin, işletme kısımlarının, iştiraklerin devralınması ve işçilerin şirkete katılmalarıdır.
Anonim şirkette rüçhan hakkının sınırlandırılması ve kaldırılması için şart olan haklı sebebin dürüstlük kuralı haricinde üç önemli sınırı bulunmaktadır. Bu sınırlar; eşitlik ilkesi, alınan kararın gerekli ve orantılı olmasıdır.
DAYANIŞMA AİDATI İLE YARARLANMANIN BAŞLANGICINA İLİŞKİN ANAYASA MAHKEMESİNİN İPTAL KARARININ DÜŞÜNDÜRDÜKLERİ
Authors: KARABACAK Emre , YILDIZ Muhammed Enes
Published: November 2021

Sendika hak ve özgürlüğü sayesinde işçiler, istedikleri sendikaya üye olabilir, istedikleri zaman sendika üyeliğinden çıkabilir veya hiçbir sendikaya üye olmamayı tercih edebilirler. 6356 sayılı Sendikalar ve Toplu İş Sözleşmesi Kanunu’na göre yetkili sendika üyesi olmayan işçiler de toplu iş sözleşmesinden dayanışma aidatı ödeyerek yararlanabilirler. Anayasa Mahkemesi, 03.03.2021 tarihinde Kanun’un sendika üyesi olmayan işçilerin toplu iş sözleşmesinden en erken imza tarihinden itibaren yararlanabileceklerine ilişkin düzenlemesini iptal etmiştir. İptal kararı neticesinde dayanışma aidatı ödemek suretiyle toplu iş sözleşmesinden geçmişe dönük yararlanma mümkün hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada iptal kararı ve sonuçları ile karar sonrasında Kanun’un 39. maddesinin nasıl uygulanması gerektiği hakkında değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır.
ULUSLARARASI İNSAN HAKLARI HUKUKUNUN BİR KAYNAĞI OLARAK ULUSLARARASI ÖRF VE ÂDET HUKUKU
Authors: KIRDIM Şahin Eray , DEMİRKOL Atahan
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada uluslararası örf ve âdet hukuku ile uluslararası insan hakları hukuku arasındaki ilişki incelenmektedir. Uluslararası insan hakları hukuku uluslararası hukukun görece yeni bir alt dalı olup, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında ortaya çıkmıştır. Doktrinde uluslararası insan hakları hukukunun kaynaklarına ilişkin tartışmalar hâlâ devam etmektedir. Bu tartışmalardan bir tanesi de uluslararası örf ve âdet hukukunun, uluslararası insan hakları hukukuna kaynaklık edip etmediğine yöneliktir. Doktrindeki bazı yazarlar, uluslararası örf ve âdet hukuku normlarının uluslararası insan hakları hukuku kurallarının kaynağı olamayacağını ileri sürseler de eldeki çalışma bunun aksini iddia etmektedir. Bu amaçla çalışma öncelikle uluslararası örf ve âdet hukuku ile uluslararası insan hakları hukukunun genel niteliklerini kısaca açıklamaktadır. Daha sonra ise bu ikisi arasındaki ilişkide, ilkinin ikincisine erga omnes nitelik kazandırarak olumlu, ancak bazı devletleri kuralların oluşum sürecinden dışlayarak olumsuz etki yaptığını ileri sürmektedir. Bu olumsuz etki özellikle Uluslararası Hukuka Üçüncü Dünya Yaklaşımları literatürü üzerinden açıklanmaktadır.
Educational Technology: From a Historical Perspective to an Empirical Exploration of Moroccan Learners’ EFL Speaking Fluency
Authors: Nadir Prof. El Morabit
Published: November 2021

One of the common challenges facing practitioners is the critical speaking fluency of EFL learners. Many students find immense challenges in communicating their ideas, let alone finding the appropriate and practical modalities to communicate authentically outside the classroom walls and measuring it. This paper aims at exploring the impact of educational technology on students’ oral fluency. To gauge the intended impact, a quantitative method is used. Educational technology is used as an independent variable with an insightful historical overview of the term, whereas oral fluency, the dependent variable, is narrowed down into measurable descriptors. The findings of this study inform the literature with the importance of the implementation of educational (instructional) technology into refining the teaching practices via an empirical evidence on the one hand and improving the speaking (oral) skills by the affordances supplied by the app and software designed for testing the validity of the data. This paper is concluded with some limitations and recommendations to open more horizons for action research and investigate the debated topic under study.
Kontextová senzitívnosť pomenovania osôb mužského rodu
Authors: Urbancová Lujza
Published: November 2021

The author pays attention to lexical meaning of contextual sensitive words. The meaning can vary in various texts. Although the meaning is diverse, people understand it in communication due to a broader context, for example, stereotypes existing in a society. The paper deals with the words chlap, muž and their common adjective collocations. It also includes the social part of lexical meaning of the adjective dobrý used together with the noun chlap. The study of the Slovak national corpora confirms that the social part of the meaning mirrors gender system of Slovak society.
Воинская добродетель богатырей в Калмыцких версиях героического эпоса Джангар
Authors: Бадма-Халгаева Ольга , Пичугина Виктория
Published: November 2021

The article defines the features of military virtue, which is given to the heroes from the Kalmyk version of the heroic Epic of Jangar. The main hero of the Epic is the hero Jangar, who rallied the heroes around himself and created the country of Bumba. All the songs of the Epic are associated with Jangar. The hero Jangar personifies a wise ruler and a brave warrior, who instructs his heroes and inspires them to exploits. Jangar and his heroes are not just brave warriors, but also bearers of unique characters and skills. Their individuality is emphasized in the descriptions of their actions, weapons and war horses. In the epic there are also young heroes, who following the example of the heroes, defend the country of Bumba from enemies. Since the Kalmyk “Jangar” is a composite work, the article compares songs belonging to the repertoires of different jangarchis: twelve songs translated by S. Lipkin (which includes ten songs from the repertoire of Eelyan Ovla), six songs from the repertoire of Mukeben Basangov translated by N. Bitkeev and three songs of the Maloderbetovsky version translated by A. Kichikov.
Образ благочестивого юноши в эпистолярном жанре XVI века (на примере письма Ульриха Цвингли пасынку Герольду Мейеру)
Authors: Полякова Мария
Published: November 2021

The article considers some features of the epistolary genre from the point of view of its pedagogical potential. A Letter from the Swiss reformer Ulrich Zwingli to his stepson Herald Meyer is also briefly analyzed. According to the author, this work is the most complete and, at the same time, concise example of a letter of instruction to a young person. It reflects three directions of the young man's relationship: with God, with himself, and with the world (surrounding people). In General, the same scheme of relations is already present in the ancient era (Cicero's treatise «On duties»).
Topos lasu w poezji Bolesława Leśmiana. Natura – człowiek – Bóg
Authors: Sobieraj Sławomir
Published: November 2021

The article presents interpretations of poems by Bolesław Leśmian, where a motif of the forest can be found. Initially, the forest in Leśmian's poetry appears as symbolism of spiritual states: melancholy, longing and sadness, which are the characteristic features of the Young Poland poetry, which was primarily patronized by Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer. Then, in the poems from Orchard, he announces the project of a union of human and nature and a turn towards the original instinctuality, the implementation of which the next volume will bring.Aa essential text is the poem Green Hour. This is the mystery of the existential tragedy of the human who lives on the border between the worlds: nature, human civilization and God. Here we can see the unveiling of the idea of realistic symbolism, which involves the search for mediation between different entities. However, he does not come to it because of the fact that the protagonist of the described events is under the influence of principio individuationis. Only the resignation from this principle - which occurs in the poems of Oak and Desire, and in other works of The Meadow - shows the space of the forest as a place of reconciliation between beings. In the interpretation, it was noticed that Leśmian's cosmogonic concepts were inspired by the philosophical thought of Friedrich Nietzsche and Henri Bergson.
Voyeursky subjekt a fenomén camp v slovenskej poézii (Michal Habaj ako novodobý trubadúr)
Authors: Jediná Zuzana
Published: November 2021

The contribution focuses on a specific form of masculinity in the poetry of Michal Habaj, a contemporary Slovak poet. The article describes the phenomenon camp in connection with experimental verses of this poet. Camp is represented by a way of looking at the world as an aesthetic phenomenon that is not based on beauty, but on stylization, as Susan Sontag presented it in her essay. The contribution focuses on a main feature of the stylization (artisticity and theatricality) and presents the consequences of stylizing a subject into a voyeur-oriented modern troubadour. It describes a phenomenon of game and irony in a work of Michal Habaj: a subversive game with the function of basic literary categories, a game with gender and a game with discourse, in connection with the transformation of the category of masculinity into poetry.
Mužskosť ako diskurzívna konštrukcia. Nemecké literárnovedné analýzy mužskosti v 21. storočí
Authors: Zemaníková Nadežda
Published: November 2021

The first studies which introduced the category of masculinity into German literary science in the context of contemporary interdisciplinary gender research, perceiving it as a social and cultural construct, were published shortly after the turn of the century. The paper lays out the basic theoretical approaches to masculinity in literary texts presented in relevant German literary works of the second decade of the 21st century. In contemporary literary analyses, it is not only a question of revealing masculine power structures in literary texts, but also of criticising one-sided and stereotypical constructs of male identity. Attention is focused on the combination of masculinity and emotionality, but also on the relationship between masculinity and fatherhood or on the literary reflections of the changes in the conventional status of man as a breadwinner, public actor and creative intellectual. Literary masculinities are understood as products of literary narratives.
Recenzja: Słownik biograficzny kobiet kultury. Białystok i województwo podlaskie, cz. I i II, Białystok 2017, 2018, Wydawnictwo Humanica
Authors: Walęciuk-Dejneka Beata
Published: November 2021

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A cantoria nas ondas das rádios AM de Camocim: relações políticas e culturais (1979-1989)
Authors: Alves Mesquita Maely
Published: November 2021

A Série História Camocinense segue neste volume 2 do tomo 1 tratando sobre a influência político-cultural do rádio em Camocim. Pesquisando uma década de documentação, Maely Alves de Mesquita nos conta um pouco sobre este veículo que exerceu e segue exercendo um impacto relevante nas vidas dos cidadãos locais.
Reforma agraria y lucha por la tierra en América Latina, Revista Observatorio Social de America Latina, Año VI, Nº 16, Gráficas y Servicios SRL, Buenos Aires, enero/abril 2005
Authors: Diez Victoria
Published: November 2021

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