bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and methods in suicides of elderly patients connected to mental health services from 1999–2024
Authors: Chan Eric C. , Conlon Kim , Gagnon Lisa
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Suicide prevention is an important aspect of psychiatric care, with older men being a population identified at especially high suicide risk and a recent increase in suicides among older women.

Methods

Using data collected by the region’s quality assurance team, we examined all suicide deaths occurring between March 1999 and February 2024 in patients aged 60 years or older who were connected to the region’s Addiction and Mental Health Program at the time of death. Data were analyzed to describe which factors were most commonly identified in suicides in older adults receiving mental healthcare. We also compared male and female cases to determine whether certain factors were more commonly observed in one gender.

Results

We identified 48 cases of suicide occurring in patients aged 60 or over. 60% of suicides occurred in males. Overdose and hanging were the most common suicide methods used, and all suicides occurring on inpatient units occurred via hanging. Depression was the most common diagnosis, and was diagnosed more frequently in suicides of female older adults. A greater proportion of suicides in older women were associated with previous history of suicide attempts.

Discussion

Our findings support many current best practices for suicide prevention in psychiatric care, including minimizing ligatures and anchor points on inpatient settings, assessing for and limiting access to means in individuals at-risk, and assessing suicide risk in hospitalized patients prior to passes and discharge. Recognition and treatment of depression remain important aspects in the treatment of older adults to prevent suicide.
Exploring how stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic impedes engagement along the HIV/AIDS care continuum in public hospitals of Southwest Ethiopia: a qualitative study
Authors: Gizaw Abraham Tamirat , Abayneh Mengistu
Published: June 2024

Introduction

COVID-19 has rapidly spread across the world. In March 2020, shortly after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Ethiopia in March 2020, the government of Ethiopia took several measures.

Purpose

This study aims to explore how stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic hinder engagement with HIV/AIDS care in public hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia. Additionally, we aim to explore the psychosocial challenges faced in accessing services during stay-at-home orders.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative study was conducted from 20 May to 3 June 2020, using semi-structured, in-depth interviews. In total, 27 study participants were recruited from purposively selected people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who had experienced delays, declines, or discontinuation of care after COVID-19 was confirmed in Ethiopia on 13 March 2020. The participants were interviewed over the phone and their responses were audio-recorded. Data were transcribed verbatim, translated, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis in the Atlas ti.7.1 software package.

Results

The main themes and sub-themes that emerged were psychosocial issues (such as depression, hopelessness, and fear), risk perception (including high risk, susceptibility, and severity), forceful enforcement of stay-at-home orders (such as police beatings, community leaders disgracing, and influence of families and relatives), socioeconomic factors (such as stigma, religion, and transportation costs), misinformation about COVID-19 (such as lockdowns and ART stock-outs), and healthcare factors (such as inadequate health information and long distances to healthcare facilities).

Conclusion

Overall, these findings were similar to the challenges experienced by PLWHA in adhering to the recommended continuum of care. However, there are additional factors due to COVID-19, such as misinformation and the forceful implementation of the stay-at-home-orders, that impede the continuum of care. Therefore, it is important to strengthen information, education, and communication.
Clinical investigation of former workers exposed to asbestos: the health surveillance experience of an Italian University Hospital
Authors: De Maria Luigi , Pentimone Floriana , Cavone Domenica , Caputi Antonio , Sponselli Stefania , Fragassi Francesco , Dicataldo Francesco , Luisi Vito , Delvecchio Giuseppe , Giannelli Gianmarco , Cafaro Francesco , Sole Stefano , Ronghi Claudia , Zagaria Silvia , Loiacono Giuseppe , Sifanno Gianfranco , Ferri Giovanni Maria , Vimercati Luigi
Published: June 2024

Background

The need for health surveillance of former workers exposed to asbestos was provided by law in Italy after the asbestos ban in 1992.

Objectives

We describe the results of the health surveillance of former workers exposed to asbestos, conducted over 27 years, from 1994 to 2020, at the Operative Unit of Occupational Medicine of the University Hospital of Bari.

Materials and methods

We adopted the health surveillance protocol, which was validated at the national level in 2018.

Results

A total of 1,405 former workers exposed to asbestos were examined. We proceeded with diagnosing pathologies in 339 cases (24% of the cohort subjected to surveillance), with diagnoses of some cases involving multiple pathologies. Specifically, pleural plaques were diagnosed in 49.2% of the 339 cases, asbestosis in 35.9%, malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in 20.3%, mesothelioma of the vaginal tunic of the testis (MTVT) in 9.1%, lung cancer in 5.8%, and laryngeal cancer in 0.8%.

Conclusion

Despite the 1992 asbestos ban, asbestos-related diseases remain a serious public health issue. It is important to establish criteria that ensure the health surveillance of formerly exposed workers minimizes costs, reduces the number of invasive examinations, and optimizes achievable results.
Tiny patients, huge impact: a call to action
Authors: Wells Jordee , Shah Anita , Gillis Holly , Gustafson Sarah , Powell Carmin , Krasaelap Amornluck , Hanna Samantha , Hoefert Jennifer A. , Bigelow Amee , Sherwin Jennifer , Lewis Emilee C. , Bline Katherine E.
Published: June 2024

The continuation of high-quality care is under threat for the over 70 million children in the United States. Inequities between Medicaid and Medicare payments and the current procedural-based reimbursement model have resulted in the undervaluing of pediatric medical care and lack of prioritization of children’s health by institutions. The number of pediatricians, including pediatric subspecialists, and pediatric healthcare centers are declining due to mounting financial obstacles and this crucial healthcare supply is no longer able to keep up with demand. The reasons contributing to these inequities are clear and rational: Medicaid has significantly lower rates of reimbursement compared to Medicare, yet Medicaid covers almost half of children in the United States and creates the natural incentive for medical institutions to prioritize the care of adults. Additionally, certain aspects of children’s healthcare are unique from adults and are not adequately covered in the current payment model. The result of decades of devaluing children’s healthcare has led to a substantial decrease in the availability of services, medications, and equipment needed to provide healthcare to children across the nation. Fortunately, the solution is just as clear as the problem: we must value the healthcare of children as much as that of adults by increasing Medicaid funding to be on par with Medicare and appreciate the complexities of care beyond procedures. If these changes are not made, the high-quality care for children in the US will continue to decline and increase strain on the overall healthcare system as these children age into adulthood.
A deep learning algorithm to identify carotid plaques and assess their stability
Authors: He Lan , Yang Zekun , Wang Yudong , Chen Weidao , Diao Le , Wang Yitong , Yuan Wei , Li Xu , Zhang Ying , He Yongming , Shen E.
Published: June 2024

Background

Carotid plaques are major risk factors for stroke. Carotid ultrasound can help to assess the risk and incidence rate of stroke. However, large-scale carotid artery screening is time-consuming and laborious, the diagnostic results inevitably involve the subjectivity of the diagnostician to a certain extent. Deep learning demonstrates the ability to solve the aforementioned challenges. Thus, we attempted to develop an automated algorithm to provide a more consistent and objective diagnostic method and to identify the presence and stability of carotid plaques using deep learning.

Methods

A total of 3,860 ultrasound images from 1,339 participants who underwent carotid plaque assessment between January 2021 and March 2023 at the Shanghai Eighth People’s Hospital were divided into a 4:1 ratio for training and internal testing. The external test included 1,564 ultrasound images from 674 participants who underwent carotid plaque assessment between January 2022 and May 2023 at Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Dalian University. Deep learning algorithms, based on the fusion of a bilinear convolutional neural network with a residual neural network (BCNN-ResNet), were used for modeling to detect carotid plaques and assess plaque stability. We chose AUC as the main evaluation index, along with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity as auxiliary evaluation indices.

Results

Modeling for detecting carotid plaques involved training and internal testing on 1,291 ultrasound images, with 617 images showing plaques and 674 without plaques. The external test comprised 470 ultrasound images, including 321 images with plaques and 149 without. Modeling for assessing plaque stability involved training and internal testing on 764 ultrasound images, consisting of 494 images with unstable plaques and 270 with stable plaques. The external test was composed of 279 ultrasound images, including 197 images with unstable plaques and 82 with stable plaques. For the task of identifying the presence of carotid plaques, our model achieved an AUC of 0.989 (95% CI: 0.840, 0.998) with a sensitivity of 93.2% and a specificity of 99.21% on the internal test. On the external test, the AUC was 0.951 (95% CI: 0.962, 0.939) with a sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 82.24%. For the task of identifying the stability of carotid plaques, our model achieved an AUC of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.865, 0.922) on the internal test with a sensitivity of 81.63% and a specificity of 87.27%. On the external test, the AUC was 0.854 (95% CI: 0.889, 0.830) with a sensitivity of 68.52% and a specificity of 89.49%.

Conclusion

Deep learning using BCNN-ResNet algorithms based on routine ultrasound images could be useful for detecting carotid plaques and assessing plaque instability.
Diamond growth dynamics in a constrained system
Authors: Bai Shengyuan , Díaz Ramón D. , Muehle Matthias , Garratt Elias , Baryshev Sergey V.
Published: June 2024

Single crystal diamond (SCD) is the most promising future semiconductor. However, it has not been able to make much inroad into the microelectronics industry due to its major disadvantage of the wafer size. Among a few contender technologies, epitaxial lateral outgrowth (ELO) using microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPACVD) has shown early promise toward lateral area gain during epitaxial growth. While promising, significant wafer area enhancement remains challenging. This study explores the growth dynamics of SCD in a constrained system—a pocket holder—whose effect is twofold: linear dimension and area enhancement and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) edge rim suppression. A series of pocket-type holder designs were introduced that demonstrated that the depth and substrate-to-wall distance are the major means for optimizing and enhancing lateral outgrowth while still suppressing the PCD rim. When taken together with reactor modeling, the pocket effect on the extent of ELO could be understood as directly manipulating and perturbing methyl radical flux near the growing diamond surface, thereby directly manipulating gas-to-solid phase transformation kinetics. Because it was further discovered that simple box-like pockets limit the ELO process to an exponential-decay scenario, a new generation of angled pockets was proposed that allowed boosting ELO to its fullest extent where a constant rate, linear, outgrowth was found. Our results indicate that ELO by MPACVD could become an industrial means of producing SCD at scale.
Evidence for prodromal changes in neuronal excitability and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus in young alpha-synuclein (A30P) transgenic mice
Authors: Al-Musawi Ibtisam , Dennis Bethany H. , Clowry Gavin J. , LeBeau Fiona E. N.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Neuronal hyperexcitability and neuroinflammation are thought to occur at early stages in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation, notably activation of microglia, has been identified as a potential prodromal marker of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Using a transgenic mouse model of DLB that over-expresses human mutant (A30P) alpha-synuclein (hα-syn) we have investigated whether early neuroinflammation is evident in the hippocampus in young pre-symptomatic animals.

Methods

Previous studies have shown early hyperexcitability in the hippocampal CA3 region in male A30P mice at 2–4 months of age, therefore, in the current study we have immunostained this region for markers of neuronal activity (c-Fos), reactive astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP), microglia (ionizing calcium binding adapter protein 1, Iba-1) and reactive microglia (inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS).

Results

We found an interesting biphasic change in the expression of c-Fos in A30P mice with high expression at 1 month, consistent with early onset of hyperexcitability, but lower expression from 2–4 months in male A30P mice compared to wild-type (WT) controls, possibly indicating chronic hyperexcitability. Neuroinflammation was indicated by significant increases in the % area of GFAP and the number of Iba-1+ cells that expressed iNOS immunoreactivity in the CA3 region in 2–4 months A30P male mice compared to WT controls. A similar increase in % area of GFAP was observed in female A30P mice, however, the Iba-1 count was not different between female WT and A30P mice. In WT mice aged 2–4 months only 4.6% of Iba-1+ cells co-expressed iNOS. In contrast, in age matched A30P mice 87% of cells co-expressed Iba-1 and iNOS. Although there was no difference in GFAP immunoreactivity at 1 month, Iba-1/iNOS co-expression was also increased in a cohort of 1 month old A30P mice.

Discussion

Abnormal hα-syn expression in A30P mice caused early changes in network excitability, as indicated by c-Fos expression, and neuroinflammation which might contribute to disease progression.
Antiviral activity of temporin-1CEb analogues against gingival infection with herpes simplex virus type 1
Authors: Golda Anna , Kosikowska-Adamus Paulina , Wadowska Marta , Dobosz Ewelina , Potempa Jan , Koziel Joanna
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Oral herpes infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) are one of the most common in the human population. Recently, they have been classified as an increasing problem in immunocompromised patients and those suffering from chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa and gums. Treatment mainly involves nucleoside analogues, such as acyclovir and its derivatives, which reduce virus replication and shedding. As drug-resistant strains of herpes emerge rapidly, there is a need for the development of novel anti-herpes agents. The aim of the study was to design an antiviral peptide, based on natural compounds, non-toxic to the host, and efficient against drug-resistant HSV-1. Here, we designed a lysine-rich derivative of amphibian temporin-1CEb conjugated to peptides penetrating the host cell membrane and examined their activity against HSV-1 infection of oral mucosa.

Methods

We assessed the antiviral efficiency of the tested compound in simple 2D cell models (VeroE6 and TIGKs cells) and a 3D organotypic model of human gingiva (OTG) using titration assay, qPCR, and confocal imaging. To identify the molecular mechanism of antiviral activity, we applied the Azure A metachromatic test, and attachment assays techniques. Toxicity of the conjugates was examined using XTT and LDH assays.

Results

Our results showed that temporin-1CEb analogues significantly reduce viral replication in oral mucosa. The mechanism of peptide analogues is based on the interaction with heparan sulfate, leading to the reduce attachment of HSV-1 to the cell membrane. Moreover, temporin-1CEb conjugates effectively penetrate the gingival tissue being effective against acyclovir-resistant strains. Collectively, we showed that temporin-1CEb can be regarded as a novel, naturally derived antiviral compound for HSV-1 treatment.
How can new farmers improve their entrepreneurial performance? Qualitative comparative analysis based on fuzzy sets
Authors: Luo Shudan , Zhou Pengfei , Shen Yang
Published: June 2024

Based on the configuration theory, this paper discusses the multiple concurrent causes and causal complex mechanisms affecting the performance differences among different new farmers. Using the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method, taking 40 cases of CCTV’s “ZHI FU JING” column as samples, the paper analyzes the necessary conditions for new farmers to produce high performance by the anthefactory-variable configuration composed of human capital, social capital, psychological capital, entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial opportunity identification. The results show that: (1) high human capital is the necessary core condition for new farmers to produce high entrepreneurial performance, lack of high entrepreneurial learning and lack of high entrepreneurial opportunity identification is the core necessary condition for low entrepreneurial performance; (2) the driving mechanism of new farmers’ high entrepreneurial performance is divided into three paths, and the driving mechanism of new farmers’ low entrepreneurial performance is divided into two paths; and (3) the ways of inhibiting new farmers’ performance and promoting their performance are asymmetrical.
Assessing sustainable future of import-independent domestic soybean production in China: policy implications and projections for 2030
Authors: Kong Weisheng , Wei Mian , Khan Nawab , Liang Jie , Han Dongqing , Zhang Huijie
Published: June 2024

Soybean production, integral to sustainable agriculture and reliant on imports, faces vulnerability to international risk factors impacting domestic food security. The 2021 Central Rural Work Conference advocated strategic adjustments for sustainable soybean production amidst resource constraints, trade conflicts, and the lingering impact of COVID-19. This study scrutinizes the developmental framework of China’s soybean industry within current domestic policies. This paper uses the soybean sown area and soybean production in each province of China from 1995 to 2020 to measure China’s soybean concentration, production layout, and comparative advantage of regional scale, to analyze in depth the overall situation of China’s soybean production as well as the differences between regions, and to pave the way for the subsequent soybean production forecast. Further, taking the domestic soybean supply and demand situation in China in 2020 as the base period, while considering the growth values of soybean production under different scenarios, the potential forecasting model is utilized to estimate China’s soybean production under different scenarios. The results show that, in terms of inter-annual variability, revealing an upward trajectory from 1995 to 2020, with a shift to major soybean producing areas, notably in the northeast and the Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe area. From inter-provincial changes, Soybean production on the left and right sides of the “Hu-Huanyong line” has significant heterogeneity; specifically, east of the “Hu-Huanyong line,” soybean production advantages are more obvious. Additionally, the study considered the actual planting situation of soybeans and envisaged two scenarios of compound planting and strip planting. The soybean production range in 2030 is expected to be 20.73–22.32 million tons and 21.15–27.55 million tons, with self-sufficiency rates varying from 18.57 to 19.98% and 18.95 to 24.68%, respectively. The research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of China’s soybean industry and its potential trajectories, employing a model combining historical trends, policy analysis, and technological advancements. Results suggest a promising future with strategic adjustments in planting structures. Recommendations emphasize policymakers’ prioritization of technological investments and sustainable planting practices to achieve projected production targets. Policy interventions must address challenges tied to resource limitations, trade conflicts, and the ongoing COVID-19 effects, ensuring soybean industry resilience.
PdPANA: phagemid display as peptide array for neutralizing antibodies, an engineered in silico vaccine candidate against COVID-19
Authors: Uzcátegui Javier , Mullah Khaleel , Buvat de Virgini Daniel , Mendoza Andrés , Urdaneta Rafael , Naranjo Alejandra
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has tested the technical, scientific, and industrial resources of all countries worldwide. Faced with the absence of pharmacological strategies against the disease, an effective plan for vaccinating against SARS-CoV-2 has been essential. Due to the lack of production means and necessary infrastructure, only a few nations could adequately confront this pathogen with a production, storage, and distribution scheme in place. This disease has become endemic in many countries, especially in those that are developing, thus necessitating solutions tailored to their reality. In this paper, we propose an in silico method to guide the design towards a thermally stable, universal, efficient, and safe COVID-19 vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 using bioinformatics, immunoinformatics, and molecular modeling approaches for the selection of antigens with higher immunogenic potential, incorporating them into the surface of the M13 phage. Our work focused on using phagemid display as peptide array for neutralizing antibodies (PdPANA). This alternative approach might be useful during the vaccine development process, since it could bring improvements in terms of cost-effectiveness in production, durability, and ease of distribution of the vaccine under less stringent thermal conditions compared to existing methods. Our results suggest that in the heavily glycosylated region of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (aa 344–583), from its inter-glycosylated regions, useful antigenic peptides can be obtained to be used in M13 phagemid display system. PdPANA, our proposed method might be useful to overcome the classic shortcoming posed by the phage-display technique (i.e., the time-consuming task of in vitro screening through great sized libraries with non-useful recombinant proteins) and obtain the most ideal recombinant proteins for vaccine design purposes.
The first report of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the open reading frame of the prion-like protein gene in rabbits
Authors: Jeong Min-Ju , Kim Yong-Chan , Jeong Byung-Hoon
Published: June 2024

Background

Natural cases of prion disease have not been reported in rabbits, and prior attempts to identify a prion conversion agent have been unsuccessful. However, recent applications of prion seed amplifying experimental techniques have sparked renewed interest in the potential susceptibility of rabbits to prion disease infections. Among several factors related to prion disease, polymorphisms within the prion-like protein gene (PRND), a member of the prion protein family, have been reported as significantly associated with disease susceptibility in various species. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate polymorphisms in the PRND gene of rabbits and analyze their genetic characteristics.

Methods

Genomic DNA was extracted from 207 rabbit samples to investigate leporine PRND polymorphisms. Subsequently, amplicon sequencing targeting the coding region of the leporine PRND gene was conducted. Additionally, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis was employed to assess the connection within and between loci. The impact of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the Doppel protein was evaluated using PolyPhen-2.

Results

We found nine novel SNPs in the leporine PRND gene: c.18A > G, c.76G > C, c.128C > T, c.146C > T, c.315A > G, c.488G > A, c.525G > C, c.544G > A, and c.579A > G. Notably, seven of these PRND SNPs, excluding c.525G > C and c.579A > G, exhibited strong LD values exceeding 0.3. In addition, LD analysis confirmed a robust link between PRNP SNP c.234C > T and PRND SNPs at c.525G > C and c.579A > G. Furthermore, according to PolyPhen-2 and SIFT analyses, the four non-synonymous SNPs were predicted to have deleterious effects on the function or structure of the Doppel protein. However, PANTHER and Missense3D did not indicate such effects.

Conclusion

In this paper, we have identified novel SNPs in the rabbit PRND gene and predicted their potential detrimental effects on protein function or structure through four non-synonymous SNPs. Additionally, we observed a genetic linkage between SNPs in the PRND and PRNP genes. These findings may provide insights into understanding the characteristics of rabbits as partially resistant species. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to genetically characterize PRND SNPs in rabbits.
The effects of Artemisia Sieberi, Achillea Fragrantissima, and Olea Europaea leaves on the performance and physiological parameters in heat-stressed broiler chickens
Authors: Mahasneh Zeinab M. H. , Abuajamieh Mohannad , Abdelqader Anas , Al-Qaisi Mohmmad , Abedal-Majed Mohamed A. , Al-Tamimi Hosam , Zakaria Hana , Al-Fataftah Abdur-Rahman A.
Published: June 2024

High temperatures have detrimental effects on the performance and physiology of broiler chickens. Medicinal plants have various biological activities and may enhance the heat resistance of chickens during heat waves. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential roles of using specific local medicinal plants to alleviate the negative impacts of heat stress (HS) in broilers. In this study, 180 day-old chicks were used to investigate the effects of HS and dietary indigenous medicinal plants on growth performance, antioxidant biomarkers, and intestinal health. The chicks were assigned to six groups (18 pens with 10 chicks per pen) with three replicates each. In the first group, the chicks were kept under thermoneutral conditions (CON) and fed a basal diet. The other five groups were exposed to recurrent heat stress and fed a basal diet (T1, HS group) or supplemented with Artemisia Sieberi (1.25 g/kg of feed; T2), Achillea Fragrantissima (15 g/kg of feed; T3), Olea europaea (10 g/kg of feed; T4), and all the previous additives (all-in-one) combined at the same dose levels mentioned above (T5). At 21 days of age, the chicks from each group were exposed to two phases of heat stress: phase 1 from days 21 to 34 (34 ± 1°C) followed by phase 2 from days 35 to 39 (37 ± 1°C). The results indicate that HS significantly increased rectal temperature and respiration rate in broiler chickens. Feed intake and body weight gain were improved in all supplemented groups, while the feed conversion ratio was decreased in response to the dietary inclusion of medicinal plants. Additionally, glutathione peroxidase and immunoglobulin G levels were increased in the T3, T4, and T5 groups compared to the other groups. HS induced significant upregulated in the mRNA levels of heat shock protein 70 and interleukin-8, while the mRNA of occludin was decreased. The T3, T4, and T5 showed significantly decreased expression of hepatic HSP70 and ileum IL-8 genes and increased ileum mRNA occludin levels relative to the CON and T1 groups. In conclusion, supplementation with these plants enhances growth performance and maintains intestinal health sustaining the productivity of broiler chickens under HS conditions.
Maternal consumption of fish oil protected breast-fed piglets against Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced damage through reshaping of intestinal fatty acids profile
Authors: Fang Bo , Zhao Lianpeng , Huo Bin , Chen Fangyuan , Yuan Peiqiang , Lai Shanshan , Wu Aimin , Zhuo Yong
Published: June 2024

It has been well documented that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) can alleviate inflammation caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the etiologic agents that causing yellow or white dysentery in young pigs. However, it remains unclear whether the increase in n-3 PUFA availability could enhance the ability of nursery pigs to resist invasion by E. coli. LPS. Twenty-four 21-day-old female piglets, each two of them from the same sow fed the beef tallow (BT) or fish oil (FO) diets, were allocated into four treatment groups: BT-CON, piglets from the BT-fed sows and intraperitoneally injected with saline (9 g/L); BT-LPS, piglets from the BT-fed sows and injected with LPS (100 μg/kg body weight); FO-CON, piglets from the FO-fed sows and injected with saline; FO-LPS, piglets from the FO-fed sows and injected with LPS. Following 2 h of LPS challenge, the magnitudes of increase in body temperature approached to a marked (p < 0.01) difference between the BT-CON and BT-LPS piglets, whereas the dramatic (p < 0.01) difference between the FO-CON and FO-LPS piglets was only observed at 4 h post LPS challenge. The body temperature averaged across the time points evaluated was about 0.2°C lower (p < 0.05) in the FO group than in the BT group. The FO group had lower (p < 0.05) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lower increase in serum interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.10) and IL-8 (p < 0.05) levels, higher (p < 0.01) serum albumin concentration, and higher (p = 0.10) ratios of jejunum villus height to crypt depth than the BT group. The FO group had much higher (p < 0.0001) ileal content of C20:5n3, C24:0, and C22:6n3, which were 2–4 times the content of the BT group. LPS challenge resulted in decreased (p < 0.05) intestinal C20:1 and C20:5n3 content, and the decrease (p < 0.05) in intestinal C20:3n6 and C24:1 content was observed in the BT-LPS piglets rather than in the FO-LPS piglets. Taken together, this study indicated that maternal consumption of fish oil protected breast-fed piglets against E. coli LPS-induced damage through reshaping of intestinal fatty acids profile, which sheds new light on the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the ability of young pigs to resist E. coli invasion.
Limitations of Transversus Abdominis Release (TAR)—Additional Bridging of the Posterior Layer And/Or Anterior Fascia Is the Preferred Solution in Our Clinical Routine If Primary Closure is Not Possible
Authors: Riediger Hartwig , Köckerling Ferdinand
Published: June 2024

Background: By separating the abdominal wall, transversus abdominis release (TAR) permits reconstruction of the abdominal wall and the placement of large mesh for many types of hernias. However, in borderline cases, the mobility of the layers is inadequate, and additional bridging techniques may be required for tension-free closure. We now present our own data in this regard.

Patients and Methods: In 2023, we performed transversus abdominis release on 50 patients as part of hernia repair. The procedures were carried out using open (n = 25), robotic (n = 24), and laparoscopic (n = 1) techniques. The hernia sac was always integrated into the anterior suture and, in the case of medial hernias, was used for linea alba reconstruction.

Results: For medial hernias, open TAR was performed in 22 cases. Additional posterior bridging was performed in 7 of these cases. The ratio of mesh size in the TAR plane to the defect area (median in cm) was 1200cm2/177 cm2 = 6.8 in patients without bridging, and 1750cm2/452 cm2 = 3.8 in those with bridging. The duration of surgery (median in min) was 139 and 222 min and the hospital stay was 6 and 10 days, respectively. Robotic TAR was performed predominantly for lateral and parastomal hernias. These procedures took a median of 143 and 242 min, and the hospital stay was 2 and 3 days, respectively. For robotic repair, posterior bridging was performed in 3 cases.

Discussion: Using the TAR technique, even complex hernias can be safely repaired. Additional posterior bridging provides a reliable separation of the posterior plane from the intestines. Therefore, the hernia sac is always available for anterior reconstruction of the linea alba. The technique can be implemented as an open or minimally invasive procedure.
A Survey on the Oscillation of First-Order Retarded Differential Equations
Authors: Stavroulakis Ioannis P.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, a survey of the most interesting conditions for the oscillation of all solutions to first-order linear differential equations with a retarded argument is presented in chronological order, especially in the case when well-known oscillation conditions are not satisfied. The essential improvement and the importance of these oscillation conditions is also indicated.
Investigating the Feasibility and Performance of Hybrid Overmolded UHMWPE 3D-Printed PEEK Structural Composites for Orthopedic Implant Applications: A Pilot Study
Authors: Smith James A. , Basgul Cemile , Mohammadlou Bita Soltan , Allen Mark , Kurtz Steven M.
Published: June 2024

Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) components for orthopedic implants have historically been integrated into metal backings by direct-compression molding (DCM). However, metal backings are costly, stiffer than cortical bone, and may be associated with medical imaging distortion and metal release. Hybrid-manufactured DCM UHMWPE overmolded additively manufactured polyetheretherketone (PEEK) structural components could offer an alternative solution, but are yet to be explored. In this study, five different porous topologies (grid, triangular, honeycomb, octahedral, and gyroid) and three surface feature sizes (low, medium, and high) were implemented into the top surface of digital cylindrical specimens prior to being 3D printed in PEEK and then overmolded with UHMWPE. Separation forces were recorded as 1.97–3.86 kN, therefore matching and bettering the historical industry values (2–3 kN) recorded for DCM UHMWPE metal components. Infill topology affected failure mechanism (Type 1 or 2) and obtained separation forces, with shapes having greater sidewall numbers (honeycomb-60%) and interconnectivity (gyroid-30%) through their builds, tolerating higher transmitted forces. Surface feature size also had an impact on applied load, whereby those with low infill-%s generally recorded lower levels of performance vs. medium and high infill strategies. These preliminary findings suggest that hybrid-manufactured structural composites could replace metal backings and produce orthopedic implants with high-performing polymer–polymer interfaces.
Digital Video Advertising: Breakthrough or Extension of TV Advertising in the New Digital Media Landscape?
Authors: Garganas Odysseas
Published: June 2024

The aim of this paper is to shape the identity of digital video advertising in the new digital media landscape, focusing on whether and to what extent popular digital ads on social media are differentiated from traditional television ads in the context of the convergence of traditional and new electronic media. Content analysis was preferred for the study of popular advertising content in social media. In this respect, the differentiation of digital video advertising from its television counterpart is examined in terms of the properties and effects of the transmission medium itself on the advertising content and of the features of the digital advertising content itself. Out of the findings emerged that digital video advertising is still in a phase of adaptation/transition, consisting of only a potential breakthrough in the contemporary media environment, since it has not yet exhausted the possibilities offered by the internet and Web 2.0. Currently, digital advertising only partially incorporates and exploits the advantages of enriched, multimedia, interactive, and personalized content, characteristics that would potentially differentiate it to a greater extent from advertising shown in traditional media, especially television.
The Effects of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose and Metakaolin on the Properties of Self-Compacting Solidified Soil Based on Abandoned Slurry
Authors: Tang Liang , Huang Kaijian , Shen Gong , Miao Yixin , Wu Jiansheng
Published: June 2024

As a new type of backfill material, Self-compacting solidified soil (SCSS) takes the abandoned slurry of cast-in-place piles after dewatering and reduction as the main raw material, which brings a problem of coordinating the working performance with the mechanical property under the condition of high mobility. In this paper, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and metakaolin were introduced as additives to solve this problem. First, the workability and mechanical properties of SCSS were regulated and optimized by means of the water seepage rate test, the flowability test, and the unconfined compressive strength test. Second, this study also used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the effects of HPMC and metakaolin on the physical phase and microstructure of SCSS. In this way, the results showed that there was a significant impact on the flowability of SCSS, that is, when the dosage reached 0.3%, the water seepage rate of SCSS was reduced to less than 1%, and the compressive strength at 7 days reached its peak. At the same time, HPMC weakened the strength growth of SCSS in the age period of 7 days to 14 days. However, the addition of metakaolin promoted its compressive strength. XRD analysis showed that the additives had no significant effects on the physical phases. And, from the SEM results, it can be seen that although the water-retaining effect of HPMC makes hydration of cement more exhaustive, more ettringite (AFt) can be observed in the microstructure. In addition, it can be observed that the addition of metakaolin can generate more hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) due to the strong surface energy possessed by metakaolin. As a result of the above factors, SCSS filled the voids between particles and improved the interface structure between particles, thus enhanced the compressive strength.
Mindful Encounters: A Buddhist Revisitation of Daniel J. Siegel’s Mind Definition
Authors: Lin Chien-Te
Published: June 2024

The mind holds crucial significance in Buddhism that encompasses a distinct understanding. While Daniel Siegel defines the “mind” as an embodied and relational process responsible for regulating energy and information flow, this article evaluates it from the Buddhist perspective. Here, I conduct a succinct analysis of this definition, suggesting potential modifications from a Buddhist perspective. Though Buddhism may recognize the mind’s role in regulating the flow of energy and information during dynamic interactions between individuals and their natural and social surroundings, as proposed by Siegel, it also acknowledges the intricate process of forming karmic imprints. Within this framework, I propose revisiting Siegel’s definition through the lens of Buddhist karma theory and steering towards a middle way of comprehending our mind, concluding that this revision not only enhances completeness but also practicality for mindfulness exercises.
Deciphering the Interaction between Daoism and Buddhism in the Wei-Jin Period Tale of “The Golden Pot of Futi”
Authors: Wang Jingxuan
Published: June 2024

The story of Futijinhu 浮提金壺 (“Golden Pot of Futi”) in Shiyiji 拾遺記 (Record of Gleanings), whose authorship is traditionally attributed to Wang Jia (王嘉) from the Eastern Jin Dynasty, appears to be a Daoist rendition at first glance, reimagining the legend of Laozi’s Daodejing. However, upon closer examination of the depiction of “Golden Pot of Futi”, the characters with “Shentong Shanshu” (神通善書, supranormal cognition and exceptional writing ability) and the narrative of writing and its outcomes, it becomes evident that this tale harbors a multifaceted Buddhist essence. In the tale, one can observe the changes and diversity in the early methods of translating Buddhist scriptures into Chinese, the references and adaptations of Buddhist imagery and narratives by Daoists, the understanding and imagination of materials used for writing Buddhist scriptures and early iconographic forms, and even the author’s insights and responses to the evolving religious landscape of their era. When placed in a broader historical context, exploring the Buddhist elements in this tale further aids in understanding the dynamic interactions between Buddhism and Daoism during the Wei and Jin periods.
Emplacing Ecological Grief in Last Chance Tourism: Cryospheric Change and Travel in the Arctic
Authors: Chakraborty Abhik
Published: June 2024

Last Chance Tourism (LCT) is an increasingly popular phenomenon whereby tourists seek encounters with vanishing landscapes, cultures, and endangered species. However, there are concerns that it is not sufficiently ecologically informed, has a large carbon footprint, and may put further pressure on vulnerable ecosystems and communities. This review specifically focuses on the Arctic, which is a major global frontier for LCT and is at the forefront of disruptive and accelerating climate change. It draws on theoretical insights from the Ecological Grief concept to chart a new research focus as well as a pathway to share empathy, concern, and sorrow between scientists, communities, and visitors. Key literature sources on LCT and Ecological Grief were selected from major international scientific journals and monographs. The major findings of the study are (i) the Arctic cryosphere is a life-sustaining entity and disruptive changes in its mechanisms currently threaten the unique ecologies and culture of the region and (ii) LCT must be attentive to the emotive accounts of loss and grief associated with cryospheric change and emplace both human and non-human voices in the narrative. These findings are relevant for LCT researchers, tourism planners, and conscious travelers in the Arctic who prioritize destination sustainability.
BUDDLEJA DAVIDII L. – STRATEGIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ATTRACTING POLLINATING INSECTS
Authors: Skakun V.
Published: June 2024

Butterflies are known to be pollinators of many plant species. These insects are attracted primarily by the visual features of flowers, but they also respond to floral aromas. Therefore, most plants pollinated by butterflies have a strong aroma. One of such plants is Buddleja davidii. This species is widespread in Asia and is known for its invasive nature in various regions around the world. In addition to being attractive to butterflies and having bright, large inflorescences, it is also an important ornamental plant grown in many gardens. Based on chemical and behavioral approaches, the article describes the peculiarities of Buddleja davidii pollination by one of its most frequent visitors, the Peacock’s Eye butterfly (Aglais io). It was found that to butterflies olfactory cues are more attractive than visual ones.This is facilitated by 4-oxoisophorone and oxoisophorone epoxide in plants. It is the latter compound that causes behavioral reactions in pollinating insects.
STUDY OF THE HUMAN BLOOD STATE AFTER THE EFFECT OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19
Authors: Ivanytska J.
Published: June 2024

The publication reveals the relevance of the research, which is due to the expediency of obtaining the maximum spectrum of measured values based on the flow cytometry method for further analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection on the human body. The paper describes the directions of application of the flow cytometry method based on hematological markers in scientific research: the causes of immune system disorders were identified, the processes of thrombus formation and fibrinolysis were analyzed, and the causes of the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension were studied. The results of the specified method implementation meant for studying the state of blood after exposure to the human body by the coronavirus infection COVID-19 are presented in the following areas: the occurrence of alveolar inflammation, the appearance of immunological changes, the effect on lymphocyte cells, the appearance of chronic fatigue syndrome based on secondary immunodeficiency after the coronavirus disease. The advantages and disadvantages of using the flow cytometry method for determining hematological parameters after exposure to the human body by the coronavirus infection are indicated, and the feasibility of using the VS-6000 MINDRAY hematological analyzer is substantiated. Reference values have been defined, on the basis of which the automatically measured hematological indicators are compared, the most important in the analysis during the effect of the Covid-19 coronavirus infection on the body of an adult: the absolute content of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, etc. The importance of identifying biomarkers of inflammatory reactions for patients with various forms and courses of the disease, which is associated with morphological and functional changes in blood cells, starting from the early stages of exposure to the body of the coronavirus infection, has been indicated. It is substantiated that the analysis of the obtained hematological indicators for patients with the COVID-19 coronavirus infection involves considering many factors, based on which the final conclusion regarding changes in the blood state should be formulated. The advantages of using the flow cytometry method in studying the effect of coronavirus infection on the human body are shown.
STATE AND CIVIL SOCIETY: COOPERATION AND INTERCONNECTION
Authors: Orlova Anastasia N.
Published: June 2024

Civil society is an important component of a legal and democratic state and therefore, in modern government policy, it is necessary to increase the role of civil society and implement a number of reforms. Modern times are characterised by a tendency to identify innovative channels for ensuring interaction between civil society institutions and the state. These political and legal phenomena cannot develop separately from each other; their existence is due to development in tandem. The civilisation of a democratic state depends on the level of development of civil society institutions, their maturity and the possibility of real influence on political processes in the country. The study of the significance of such interaction and its effectiveness are of great importance for the issues of legal theory and practice, however it is also the subject of numerous discussions.
IMAGE OF GOD IN FERNANDO PESSOA LITERARY WORKS
Authors: Ovcharenko Olga A.
Published: June 2024

Philosophical problematics occupies the central place in Fernando Pessoa’s literary works and appears in all the genres of his literary heritage, beginning with the lirico-epical cycle “Message” and finishing with his heteronimical lyrics and “The Book of Anxiety”. During all his life Pessoa appealed to the problem of God and solved it in different ways, but did not arrive to any definite conclusion. The problem interested Pessoa because he wanted to find in God a kind of defence, but finally remained alone before the Destiny to which the God himself could not resist. The author of the article focuses on the image of God in orthonymic and heteronymic lyrics of Fernando Pessoa, as well as in his prose. The author of the article shows the difference in the attitude to God of Pessoa’s different heteronyms, analyses Pessoa’s religious views in the “Book of Disquiet” and investigates in details his positions in orthonymic poetry, poetic cycle “Message” especially. It is concluded that during all his life, Pessoa hesitated between Catholicism and Gnosticism, corresponding to his own definition of “Christian gnostic”.