bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trans-national earthquake early warning (EEW) in north-eastern Italy, Slovenia and Austria: first experience with PRESTo at the CE3RN network
Authors: Picozzi M. , Elia L. , Pesaresi D. , Zollo A. , Mucciarelli M. , Gosar A. , Lenhardt W. , Živčić M.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The region of central and eastern Europe is an area characterised by a relatively high seismic risk. Since 2001, to monitor the seismicity of this area, the OGS (Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale) in Italy, the Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO) in Slovenia, the Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) in Austria, and the Università di Trieste (UniTS) have cooperated in real-time seismological data exchange. In 2014 OGS, ARSO, ZAMG and UniTS created a cooperative network named the Central and Eastern European Earthquake Research Network (CE3RN), and teamed up with the University of Naples Federico II, Italy, to implement an earthquake early warning system based on the existing networks. Since May 2014, the earthquake early warning system (EEWS) given by the integration of the PRESTo (PRobability and Evolutionary early warning SysTem) alert management platform and the CE3RN accelerometric stations has been under real-time testing in order to assess the system's performance. This work presents a preliminary analysis of the EEWS performance carried out by playing back real strong motion recordings for the 1976 Friuli earthquake (MW= 6.5). Then, the results of the first 6 months of real-time testing of the EEWS are presented and discussed.
Carbon budget estimation of a subarctic catchment using a dynamic ecosystem model at high spatial resolution
Authors: Tang J. , Miller P. A. , Persson A. , Olefeldt D. , Pilesjö P. , Heliasz M. , Jackowicz-Korczynski M. , Yang Z. , Smith B. , Callaghan T. V. , Christensen T. R.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. A large amount of organic carbon is stored in high-latitude soils. A substantial proportion of this carbon stock is vulnerable and may decompose rapidly due to temperature increases that are already greater than the global average. It is therefore crucial to quantify and understand carbon exchange between the atmosphere and subarctic/arctic ecosystems. In this paper, we combine an Arctic-enabled version of the process-based dynamic ecosystem model, LPJ-GUESS (version LPJG-WHyMe-TFM) with comprehensive observations of terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes to simulate long-term carbon exchange in a subarctic catchment at 50 m resolution. Integrating the observed carbon fluxes from aquatic systems with the modeled terrestrial carbon fluxes across the whole catchment, we estimate that the area is a carbon sink at present and will become an even stronger carbon sink by 2080, which is mainly a result of a projected densification of birch forest and its encroachment into tundra heath. However, the magnitudes of the modeled sinks are very dependent on future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Furthermore, comparisons of global warming potentials between two simulations with and without CO2 increase since 1960 reveal that the increased methane emission from the peatland could double the warming effects of the whole catchment by 2080 in the absence of CO2 fertilization of the vegetation. This is the first process-based model study of the temporal evolution of a catchment-level carbon budget at high spatial resolution, including both terrestrial and aquatic carbon. Though this study also highlights some limitations in modeling subarctic ecosystem responses to climate change, such as aquatic system flux dynamics, nutrient limitation, herbivory and other disturbances, and peatland expansion, our study provides one process-based approach to resolve the complexity of carbon cycling in subarctic ecosystems while simultaneously pointing out the key model developments for capturing complex subarctic processes.
Development of the GEOS-5 atmospheric general circulation model: evolution from MERRA to MERRA2
Authors: Molod A. , Takacs L. , Suarez M. , Bacmeister J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA2) version of the Goddard Earth Observing System-5 (GEOS-5) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) is currently in use in the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at a wide range of resolutions for a variety of applications. Details of the changes in parameterizations subsequent to the version in the original MERRA reanalysis are presented here. Results of a series of atmosphere-only sensitivity studies are shown to demonstrate changes in simulated climate associated with specific changes in physical parameterizations, and the impact of the newly implemented resolution-aware behavior on simulations at different resolutions is demonstrated. The GEOS-5 AGCM presented here is the model used as part of the GMAO MERRA2 reanalysis, global mesoscale simulations at 10 km resolution through 1.5 km resolution, the real-time numerical weather prediction system, and for atmosphere-only, coupled ocean-atmosphere and coupled atmosphere-chemistry simulations. The seasonal mean climate of the MERRA2 version of the GEOS-5 AGCM represents a substantial improvement over the simulated climate of the MERRA version at all resolutions and for all applications. Fundamental improvements in simulated climate are associated with the increased re-evaporation of frozen precipitation and cloud condensate, resulting in a wetter atmosphere. Improvements in simulated climate are also shown to be attributable to changes in the background gravity wave drag, and to upgrades in the relationship between the ocean surface stress and the ocean roughness. The series of resolution-aware parameters related to the moist physics was shown to result in improvements at higher resolutions and result in AGCM simulations that exhibit seamless behavior across different resolutions and applications.
Modelling of the anthropogenic tritium transient and its decay product helium-3 in the Mediterranean Sea using a high-resolution regional model
Authors: Ayache M. , Dutay J.-C. , Jean-Baptiste P. , Beranger K. , Arsouze T. , Beuvier J. , Palmieri J. , Le-vu B. , Roether W.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. This numerical study provides the first simulation of the anthropogenic tritium invasion and its decay product helium-3 (3He) in the Mediterranean Sea. The simulation covers the entire tritium (3H) transient generated by the atmospheric nuclear weapons tests performed in the 1950s and early 1960s and is run till 2011. Tritium, helium-3 and their derived age estimates are particularly suitable for studying intermediate and deep-water ventilation and spreading of water masses at intermediate/deep levels. The simulation is made using a high-resolution regional model NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean), in a regional configuration for the Mediterranean Sea called MED12, forced at the surface with prescribed tritium evolution derived from observations. The simulation is compared to measurements of tritium and helium-3 performed along large-scale transects in the Mediterranean Sea during the last few decades on cruises of R/V Meteor: M5/6, M31/1, M44/4, M51/2, M84/3, and R/V Poseidon: 234. The results show that the input function used for the tritium generates a realistic distribution of the main hydrographic features of the Mediterranean Sea circulation. In the eastern basin, the results highlight the weak formation of Adriatic Deep Water in the model, which explains its weak contribution to the Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water (EMDW) in the Ionian sub-basin. It produces a realistic representation of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) signal, simulating a deep-water formation in the Aegean sub-basin at the beginning of 1993, with a realistic timing of deep-water renewal in the eastern basin.
Deep drivers of mesoscale circulation in the central Rockall Trough
Authors: Sherwin T. J. , Aleynik D. , Dumont E. , Inall M. E.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Mesoscale variability in the central Rockall Trough, immediately west of the British Isles, has been investigated using a combination of ship-borne, underwater glider and gridded satellite altimeter measurements. Altimeter observations show that eddies and large-scale circulation cells are ubiquitous phenomena. They have horizontal length scales of order 100 km with vertical scales of over 1000 m and are associated with mean current speeds (over the upper 1000 m) of 15 ± 7 cm s−1. Monthly area averaged surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE) has substantial inter-annual variability, which at times can dominate a mean seasonal signal that varies from a maximum in May (74 cm2 s−2) to a minimum in October (52 cm2 s−2) and has increased gradually since 1992 at about 1.1 cm2 s−2 per year. This increase may be related to the retreat of the sub-polar gyre (SPG). A 5 month glider mission in the trough showed that the cyclonic component of EKE came from cold water features that are located over 1000 m below the surface. The surface currents from altimeters had similar magnitude to the drift currents averaged over 1000 m from the glider in the stratified autumn, but were half the deep water speed during late winter. Although the mesoscale features move in an apparent random manner, they seem to be constrained by submarine topography such as seamounts. Occasionally anti-cyclonic and cyclonic cells combine to cause a coherent westward deflection of the European slope current that warms the Rockall side of the trough. Such deflections contribute to the inter-annual variability in the observed temperature and salinity that are monitored in the upper 800 m of the trough. By combining glider and altimeter measurements it is shown that altimeter measurements fail to observe a 15 cm s−1 northward flowing slope current on the eastern side as well as a small persistent southward current on the western side. There is much to be gained from the synergy between satellite altimetry and in situ glider observations.
Modelling the impact of submarine frontal melting and ice mélange on glacier dynamics
Authors: Krug J. , Durand G. , Gagliardini O. , Weiss J.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Submarine melting of the calving face of tidewater glaciers and the mechanical back force applied by the ice mélange layer are two mechanisms generally proposed to explain seasonal variations at the calving front of tidewater glaciers. However, the way these processes affect the calving rate and glacier dynamics remains uncertain. In this study, we used a finite element-based model that solves the full Stokes equations to simulate the impact of these forcings on two-dimensional theoretical flow line glacier configurations. The model, which includes calving processes, suggests that frontal melting affects the position of the terminus only slightly (less than a few hundred metres) and does not affect the multiannual glacier mass balance at all. However, the ice mélange has a greater impact on the advance and retreat cycles of the glacier front (more than several kilometres) and its consequences for the mass balance are not completely negligible, stressing the need for better characterization of forcing properties. We also show that ice mélange forcing against the calving face can mechanically prevent crevasse propagation at sea level and hence prevent calving. Results also reveal different behaviours in grounded and floating glaciers: in the case of a floating extension, the strongest forcings can disrupt the glacier equilibrium by modifying its buttressing and ice flux at the grounding line.
Teaching Future Teachers in the Subject of Pedagogy
Authors: Gjems Liv , Vinje Inge
Published: May 2015

In several European countries, teacher education is regulated by national plans that emphasise pedagogy as the central subject. Pedagogy shall include research-based knowledge, as well as having a strong connection between theory and practice. We have interviewed teacher educators about what they emphasise about theoretical and practical issues in the subject of pedagogy. Though they have to follow the curriculum, they express that they have different conceptions and emphasise different issues both in theoretical and practical pedagogy. Their answers point to the challenges between the establishment of a professional autonomy and the control the national curriculum imposes them The teacher educators were quite vague about their teaching about research-based knowledge. They expressed that they need support, time and possibilities to discuss the content in the curriculum and how to educate high qualified teachers.
Neurofeedback in the Treatment of Developmental Trauma: Calming the Fear-Driven Brain.
Authors: Antelis Susan E.
Published: May 2015

This book review briefly introduces the new concept of developmental trauma disorder, first coined by Bessel van der Kolk, to discriminate the total catastrophe of early childhood abuse and neglect from the relative catastrophe of posttraumatic stress disorder in adults. Sebern Fisher describes the disorder and the innovative treatment approach that she has found to be successful with these patients combining psychotherapy with neurofeedback. Through affect regulation, the approach helps this type of patient to release their trauma identity over time, thus developing a sense of self that enables them to engage in more fulfilling life patterns and relationships. Fisher provides us with a rich perspective on attachment issues as they affect brain function. Also provided are useful references and protocols and forms for clinical applications.
Looking at Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman through the Lens of Interpersonal Acceptance and Rejection Theory and Family Systems Theory
Authors: Chavkin Allan , Chavkin Nancy Feyl
Published: May 2015

Death of a Salesman is not about one or two individuals; rather it is about a family system, a unit of interlocking relationships, which shapes individual members' behaviors and attitudes. Using family systems theory and interpersonal acceptance and rejection theory, the authors explore the father and son's problematical relationship and analyze the reasons for the dysfunctional Loman family. Support for the argument includes unpublished draft material from Miller's working notebook of Death of a Salesman. The notebook includes Miller's explanations of the motivations for the behavior and attitudes of the characters, notes on the plot, and dialogue.
Poe and “Gothic Opera”
Authors: Herzfeld Gregor
Published: May 2015

This article seeks to fulfill two aims: The first is a more documentary one, namely, to give a broad overview, including short characteristics, of the rich operatic production following Poe's texts. The second is a more interpretative one, that is, to investigate the reasons that brought Poe to such a privileged position. Given the special outline of his stories, the composers seem to be interested in a kind of sensual operatic experience, which André Schaeffner labeled “theater of fear” with regard to Debussy. Following this lead, the article aims to reconstruct a line of tradition using “Gothic” elements in operas, creating a “Gothic opera,” which can be traced back to Weber's Freischuütz, Marschner's Vampyr, and Wagner's Flying Dutchman. In order to explore what has attracted opera composers to Poe's works for the last hundred years, I study Poe's ideas on literary musicality, the reception of Gothic features in music and opera, and the aesthetic concepts that might be a unifying factor in these different operas. My idea is that there is a certain aesthetics of atmosphere that can be realized especially well in music and opera, respectively. Composers who are fascinated by Gothic conceptions of atmosphere do not bypass Poe as one of its most ingenious masters and readily adapt his texts to operatic works. By way of reading four of the Poe operas more closely, the aesthetics of a fearful musical atmosphere will be exemplified.
Another French Face
Authors: Weiner Bruce I.
Published: May 2015

This essay examines Maurice Rollinat's translations and musical settings for Poe's “Eldorado” and “A Dream.” A prolific poet and composer, Rollinat was noted for his virtuoso performances on piano of his own poems and those of Baudelaire and Poe. The essay seeks to place him in context as a disciple of both Charles Baudelaire and Poe and to illuminate his role in interpreting Poe's work for French audiences in Paris salons and cabarets during the late nineteenth century. Rollinat was a devotee of Poe's works, but he was more liberal than either Baudelaire or Mallarmé in adapting Poe's work in translation and for musical performance. His adaptations show that he was especially sympathetic to Poe's idealistic yet melancholy equation of poetry and music.
Music, Madness, and Disenchantment
Authors: McAdams Charity
Published: May 2015

This article primarily revisits Roderick Usher of “The Fall of the House of Usher” as a ballad figure. By considering some new sources for and connections to the text, it problematizes the notion that Usher was a musician in any way that can be directly related to real, heard, nineteenth-century Western tonal musical traditions. In doing so, the paper opens up questions about Poe's general use of the ballad as representative of a postlapsarian mythology.
Interview with Christian Asplund on His Extracts from “The Fall of the House of Usher”
Authors: Perry Dennis R.
Published: May 2015

The interview with Christian Asplund about his Extracts from “The Fall of the House of Usher” covers its origins and concept, the composer's view of Poe and his tale, and various musical influences on the work.
“My Heart Laid Bare”
Authors: Thomas James W.
Published: May 2015

In 1848 in Graham's Magazine Poe argued that there is one “little book” that no one will ever dare, or ever be able, to write: a true and complete autobiography. Poe contends that this book should be titled “My Heart Laid Bare” and adds that if someone attempted to write it, the page “would shrivel and blaze at every touch of the fiery pen.” Throughout his literary career, Poe actually wrote this book in increments as isolated passages in his poems, short stories, essays and reviews, and letters. These passages are not only candid and revealing of Poe's true nature and reflect various events in his life; they are often, even when embedded in prose works, effectively poetic and lyrical. Taken as a whole, they constitute an autobiographical poem, a beautifully phrased portrait of Poe as he conceived of himself, along with his conception of the role of the poet. This is a poem well worth extracting from Poe's work, for it is the seemingly impossible little book Poe actually did write over his entire career; it is his heart laid bare.
Sonority and Semantics in “Annabel Lee”
Authors: Studniarz Sławomir
Published: May 2015

Compared to the studies of Poe's fictional prose, the dearth of book-length studies devoted solely to his poetry and offering fresh, revisionary perspectives on Poe's poetic oeuvre as a whole, is surprising. One of the probable causes of this critical neglect, pointed out by several scholars, for instance, Dwayne Thorpe, Kent Ljungquist, and most recently Robert Evans, is perhaps the traditional view of Poe as the “jingle man,” supposedly preoccupied with musical and metrical effects for their own sake. Contrary to this condescending view of his verse, still encountered in some quarters, this article aims to demonstrate that “Annabel Lee” poem is a prime example of the way in which metrical and phonetic orchestration in Poe's poetry contributes to the development of meaning. The present article undertakes to demonstrate how the prosodic shape and the sound texture of “Annabel Lee” put forward its theme—the idea of love as a union that transcends both earthly and unearthly impediments. “Annabel Lee” shares many features with “The Raven.” In addition to their common thematic concerns—the death of a beloved woman and the speaker's response to the loss—these two late poems exploit the device of paronomasia, the similarity of sound to suggest the similarity of sense.
Kinet Höyük (Classical Issos)
Authors: Gates Charles
Published: May 2015

Excavations conducted from 1992–2012 at Kinet Höyük, a coastal site in southeast Cilicia, have revealed important remains of the Persian and Hellenistic periods. The site has long been identified as Classical Issos, near where Alexander the Great and Darius III fought in 333 BC. The Persian settlement consists of three architectural levels, and the Hellenistic town of two, altogether spanning the mid-sixth to the mid-first centuries BC. The last of the ancient settlements was founded in ca. 175 BC, perhaps as part of the revitalization of Cilician towns under Antiochus IV. Persian and Hellenistic findings come mostly from the mound proper, but soundings to the west, north, and east of the mound have demonstrated the existence of a lower town.
“The Saddest of Ruins”
Authors: Gallimore Scott
Published: May 2015

Travelers' accounts are consulted by scholars interested in learning about issues of Greek nationalism and identity or the development of Greek archaeology. This article examines an additional type of data often preserved in these texts: information about formation processes that affect archaeological sites. Numerous travelers visited the same sites over several centuries. Their accounts can provide a diachronic narrative of deteriorating archaeological ruins and the processes behind these transformations. Using the Hellenistic and Roman city of Hierapytna, Crete, as a case study, this article examines employing travelers' accounts as evidence for formation processes and their implications for better understanding the current state of archaeological ruins across the Mediterranean.
Een nieuwe rol voor beleidsonderzoekers?
Authors: van Hoesel Peter
Published: May 2015

Een nieuwe rol voor beleidsonderzoekers?

In de rationele benadering wordt beleid planmatig ontwikkeld en uitgevoerd: beleidsdoelen vormen het uitgangspunt en via kennis en informatie wordt gezocht naar middelen om die doelen te bereiken. Beleidsonderzoekers zou je dan ook kunnen beschouwen als ultieme aanhangers van een rationele benadering van beleid. Zij hanteren in hun werk logische redeneringen met betrekking tot feiten, opinies en waarnemingen om tot hun conclusies te komen. De conclusies van beleidsonderzoekers worden echter lang niet altijd opgevolgd door hun opdrachtgevers. Je hoeft niet ver te zoeken naar verklaringen om te zien hoe dat komt.
The Normative Foundation of Legal Orders: A Balance Between Reciprocity and Mutuality
Authors: Pessers Dorien
Published: May 2015

The Normative Foundation of Legal Orders: A Balance Between Reciprocity and Mutuality

Reciprocity seems to figure as a self-evident normative foundation of legal orders. Yet a clear understanding of the often opaque role that reciprocity plays in this regard demands drawing a conceptual distinction. This article views reciprocity as a social morality of duties, in opposition to mutuality, which concerns a legal morality of rights. In everyday life these two broad categories of human interaction interfere in a dynamic way. They need to be brought into an appropriate balance in legal orders, for the sake of justice. The practical relevance of this conceptual distinction is clarified by the debate about justice between present and future generations. I argue that this debate should be viewed as a debate about the terms of reciprocity rather than relations of mutuality. Acknowledging the deeply reciprocal nature of the relations between past, present and future generations would lead to a more convincing moral theory about intergenerational justice.
Private law as an open legal order: understanding contract and tort as interactional law
Authors: Taekema Sanne
Published: May 2015

Private law as an open legal order: understanding contract and tort as interactional law

This article puts forward the claim that private law, and especially contract and tort, is the area of law that most clearly shows how law depends on social interactions. Taking its cue from Lon Fuller, interactional law is presented as a form of law that depends on informal social practices. Using tort and contract cases, it is argued that this implies that law is in open connection to moral norms and values, and that law cannot be understood without taking into account people’s everyday reciprocal expectancies.
Liberalism and Societal Integration: In Defence of Reciprocity and Constructive Pluralism
Authors: Kostakopoulou Dora
Published: May 2015

Liberalism and Societal Integration: In Defence of Reciprocity and Constructive Pluralism

Communities can only be dynamic and projective, that is, oriented towards new and better forms of cooperation, if they bring together diverse people in a common, and hopefully more equal, socio-political life and in welfare. The latter requires not only back-stretched connections, that is, the involvement of co-nationals and naturalized persons, but also forward-starched connections, that is, the involvement of citizens in waiting. Societal integration is an unhelpful notion and liberal democratic polities would benefit from reflecting critically on civic integration policies and extending the norm of reciprocity beyond its assigned liberal national limits. Reciprocity can only be a comprehensive norm in democratic societies - and not an eclectic one, that is, either co-national or co-ethnic.
The Public Conscience of the Law
Authors: Dyzenhaus David
Published: May 2015

The Public Conscience of the Law

I focus on Hobbes’s claim that the law is ’the publique Conscience, by which [the individual] (…) hath already undertaken to be guided.’ This claim is not authoritarian once it is set in the context of his complex account, which involves three different relationships of reciprocity: the contractarian idea that individuals in the state of nature agree with one another to institute a sovereign whose prescriptions they shall regard as binding; the vertical, reciprocal relationship between ruler and ruled; and the horizontal relationship between individuals in the civil condition, made possible by the existence of the sovereign who through enacting laws dictates the terms of interaction between his subjects. The interaction of these three relationships has the result that subjects relate to each other on terms that reflect their status as free and equal individuals who find that the law enables them to pursue their own conceptions of the good.
Reciprocity: a fragile equilibrium
Authors: Westerman Pauline
Published: May 2015

Reciprocity: a fragile equilibrium

Reciprocity may serve to explain or to justify law. In its latter capacity, which is the topic of this article, reciprocity is commonly turned into a highly idealized notion, as either a balance between two free and equal parties or as the possibility of communication tout court. Both ideals lack empirical reference. If sociological and anthropological literature on forms of exchange is taken into account, it should be acknowledged that reciprocal relations are easy to destabilize. The dynamics of exchange invites exclusion and inequality. For this reason reciprocity should not be presupposed as the normative underpinning of law; instead, law should be presupposed in order to turn reciprocity into a desirable ideal.
Werk(kenmerken) en recidiverisico's na detentie in Nederland
Authors: Ramakers Anke , Nieuwbeerta Paul , van Wilsem Johan , Dirkzwager Anja , Reef Joni
Published: May 2015

Employment (characteristics) and recidivism risks after release in the Netherlands

Employment is believed to function as a ‘turning point’ for released offenders. Several theories state that employment can diminish recidivism, and offer different mechanisms to connect employment and crime, such as job stability and job quality. This study examines the effect of employment and employment characteristics on recidivism among Dutch ex-prisoners. Although recidivism risks are high among this group, longitudinal research on the effect of employment on recidivism risks is scarce. We based our analyses on longitudinal data of the Prison Project (n=842) and found that job stability reduces the risk of recidivism. The results indicate that not the guidance to a job, or a high-quality job, but the guidance to stable employment could help to reduce crime rates among this high-risk offender group.
Negatieve reacties en sociale contacten van partners van gedetineerden in Nederland: een empirisch onderzoek
Authors: van ’t Hoff-de Goede Susanne , van der Lippe Tanja , Reef Joni , Nieuwbeerta Paul , Dirkzwager Anja
Published: May 2015

Negative reactions and social contacts of partners of detainees in the Netherlands: an empirical study

Not only detainees, but also their spouses can experience negative consequences of imprisonment. Even though these negative consequences can be far-reaching, research in this area is scarce. This paper researches if detention causes female partners of male detainees in the Netherlands to experience negative reactions from family, friends and neighbours and if this causes changes in their social contacts. This study used longitudinal data from the Prison Project on 119 partners of detainees. Results show that many partners of detainees receive negative reactions from their network members. When partners of detainees experience negative reactions from their family in law, friends or neighbours, their contacts with those groups decrease. When partners of detainees experience negative reactions from their friends, their contact with their family increases.
Interpretive Diagnostic Error Reduction in Surgical Pathology and Cytology: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center and the Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology
Authors: Nakhleh Raouf E. , Nosé Vania , Colasacco Carol , Fatheree Lisa A. , Lillemoe Tamera J. , McCrory Douglas C. , Meier Frederick A. , Otis Christopher N. , Owens Scott R. , Raab Stephen S. , Turner Roderick R. , Ventura Christina B. , Renshaw Andrew A.
Published: May 2015

Context

Additional reviews of diagnostic surgical and cytology cases have been shown to detect diagnostic discrepancies.

Objective

To develop, through a systematic review of the literature, recommendations for the review of pathology cases to detect or prevent interpretive diagnostic errors.

Design

The College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center in association with the Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology convened an expert panel to develop an evidence-based guideline to help define the role of case reviews in surgical pathology and cytology. A literature search was conducted to gather data on the review of cases in surgical pathology and cytology.

Results

The panel drafted 5 recommendations, with strong agreement from open comment period participants ranging from 87% to 93%. The recommendations are: (1) anatomic pathologists should develop procedures for the review of selected pathology cases to detect disagreements and potential interpretive errors; (2) anatomic pathologists should perform case reviews in a timely manner to avoid having a negative impact on patient care; (3) anatomic pathologists should have documented case review procedures that are relevant to their practice setting; (4) anatomic pathologists should continuously monitor and document the results of case reviews; and (5) if pathology case reviews show poor agreement within a defined case type, anatomic pathologists should take steps to improve agreement.

Conclusions

Evidence exists that case reviews detect errors; therefore, the expert panel recommends that anatomic pathologists develop procedures for the review of pathology cases to detect disagreements and potential interpretive errors, in order to improve the quality of patient care.
Oxidative Stress Promotes Eating Behavior and Obesity in C. elegans via EGL-4 / DAF-16 Signaling
Authors: Wensheng Li  , Eric Blough  , Cuifen Wang  , Larry Dial  , Omolola Olajide  , Randa Al-Jayoussi  , Nesreen BenHamed  , Miaozong Wu
Published: May 2015

Oxidative stress is associated with pathophysiological progress of many diseases. The objective of study was to investigate whether increased environmental oxidative stress stimulation can promote excessive eating behavior, a common cause of obesity, and to identify the molecular mechanism.The cGMP-dependent kinase (PKG) activator 8-pCPT-cGMP was applied in worm swimming assay to study behavior shifting between quiescence and foraging in C. elegans. Genetically modified C. elegans (egl-4 loss or gain of function, and daf-16 mutant) were treated with paraquat, an oxidative stress inducer. Worm’s foraging behavior, body fat accumulation and body length were determined. The foxo1::gfp-transfectedHEK293 cells and C. elegans (daf-16::gfpTJ356) were further used to examine the effect of paraquat on PKG expression and FOXO nuclear translocation.A novel swimming assay using PKGactivator stimulation was developed, which allows the rapid and effective study of foraging behavior in C. elegans. Paraquat treatment significantly inhibited quiescence, promoted foraging behavior, increased body fat accumulation and body growth. These responses were associated with diminished PKG expression/activation and increased FOXO (DAF-16) nuclear translocation in both transfected C. elegans and HEK293 cells.Our data suggest that PKG/FOXO signaling may plays an important role in mediating oxidative stress-induced excessive eating behavior and obesity development.
Cell Proliferation Measured by Ki67 Staining and Correlation to Clinicopathological Parameters in Operable Breast Carcinomas from Vietnamese and Swedish Patients
Authors: Vu Hong Thang  , Lambert Skoog  , Nguyen Ba Duc  , Ta Thanh Van  , Edneia Tani
Published: May 2015

Background: Cell proliferation measured by Ki67 has recently been shown to be a prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to compare cell proliferation determined by Ki67 expression with different clinicopathologic parameters among Vietnamese and Swedish women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods:The study was based on series of breast cancer from Vietnamese patients treated in the National Cancer Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam and from Swedish patients treated in the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Cell proliferation was measured by Ki67 staining in an automated procedure and was expressed as percentage of stained tumor cell nuclei. Results:The distribution and mean of Ki67 indices from Vietnamese patients were similar to those estimated from Swedish patients, 27.7% (±17.1%) vs. 26.9% (±23.1%). There were no differences between the two series of patients with respect to proliferation index and age, tumor size and lymph node status. The mean Ki67 indices were higher in high grade tumors in both series. In addition, Swedish patients had significantly higher Ki67 indices in tumors associated with other poor prognostic factors as compared to Vietnamese, 52.8% vs. 31.9% in ER(-) tumors, 39.6% vs. 30.7% in PgR(-) tumors and 40.1% vs. 28.3% in HER2 amplified tumors, respectively. Conclusions: The cell proliferation index in breast cancers was similar in the Vietnamese and Swedish series. High proliferation was associated with poor prognostic factors such as high grade, hormone receptor negativity and HER2amplification.
Subacute Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration in an Advanced Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Maria Fernanda Evangelista Simões  , Clarissa Maria de Cerqueira Mathias  , Oddone Freitas Melro Braghiroli  , Eldsamira da Silva Mascarenhas Schettini Sobrinho
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration (PCD) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome, and difficult to diagnose. PCD is associated with certain types of cancer such as ovarian cancer, uterus or its annexes, breast cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), however, this syndrome is not associated with metastatic dissemination. Here we report a case of a patient with advanced SCLC, which develop PCD.
Case Report: Female patient, 51-year-old, large smoker, with advanced SCLC with involvement of abdominal lymph nodes, presented muscle weakness, without spinal cord level, during second-line treatment with Cisplatin and Irinotecan, even with important clinical response to chemotherapy. The patient developed nystagmus and cerebellar ataxia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and brain magnetic resonance imaging without findings. The patient was assessed by neurologist, with clinical diagnosis of subacute PCD. Patient started pulse therapy with methylprednisolone, with significant remission of neurological symptoms.
Discussion and conclusion: PCD finding, although rare, usually precedes the detection of a tumor, and it is important to start early research and treatment of cancer because of better survival and patient´s quality of life. This case differs from usual descriptions found in the literature because the patient developed PCD during good clinical response in second-line treatment. PCD evolves with progression of the neurological condition in weeks to months and then stabilizes. The low incidence difficult to establish treatment strategies based on evidence for PCD, usually taking up aggressive immunotherapy, using intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, steroids at high doses and/or immunosuppressive drugs.
Lois autochtones, loi sur la propriété intellectuelle et politiques muséales
Authors: Bell Catherine E. , Lai Jessica C. , Skorodenski Laura K. , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène
Published: May 2015

La question des relations respectueuses et, dans le cadre de ces relations, la question de la conciliation des lois et des valeurs relatives à l’usage et au contrôle du patrimoine immatériel autochtone, sont soulevées dans de nombreux contextes muséaux, entre autres en ce qui concerne : le rapatriement des objets de culture matérielle et des informations associées ; la cogestion des informations et des expressions culturelles qui étaient (ou ont été) considérées comme sensibles ou sacrées par une communauté autochtone ; les données et les résultats des recherches portant sur les Peuples autochtones ou menées sur leurs territoires ; et les images numériques et les procédés multimédias conçus pour améliorer les expositions ou l’accès aux informations, ainsi que la participation des Autochtones à l’interprétation et au contrôle des collections et/ou la participation du grand public par l’intermédiaire des technologies actuelles (par exemple, les « musées virtuels »). Cependant, la nature particulière des normes occidentales de la propriété intellectuelle (dictées dans une large mesure par des contraintes internationales) et la scission entre matériel et immatériel dans le domaine de la propriété occidentale compliquent le tableau. Cet article décrit l’environnement juridique et politique actuel du traitement du patrimoine immatériel dans les expositions et les collections muséales et la façon dont la Loi sur la propriété intellectuelle, en particulier sur les questions des marques de commerce et des droits d’auteur, présente autant d’opportunités que de difficultés pour la mise en oeuvre de politiques acceptables vis-à-vis des lois autochtones et de relations respectueuses avec les Autochtones.
« Ces artéfacts ont un langage bien à eux »
Authors: Poirier Claire , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène
Published: May 2015

Dans cet article, j’examine la relation entre un conservateur de musée et un Cri des Plaines spécialiste des rituels, dans le cadre d’une recherche anthropologique portant sur des objets autochtones sacrés et cérémoniels appartenant à des collections muséales, donc à l’État. J’avance que les relations des Autochtones avec les objets sacrés et cérémoniels se situent nécessairement en-dehors des catégories de la propriété sur lesquelles se fonde l’État, et je démontre que le simple fait de mettre en doute le présupposé voulant qu’il n’y ait qu’un unique cosmos préexistant remet en question ce qui est en jeu dans les revendications de propriété. Plutôt que de se préoccuper de droits de propriété légaux, ces revendications font apparaître que ce qui constitue les relations éthiques entre les musées et les peuples autochtones dépend de la reconnaissance de l’existence de mondes différents.
Accompagner les Taonga à travers le monde
Authors: Gagné Natacha , Roustan Mélanie
Published: May 2015

L’exposition E Tû Ake : Standing Strong (Mâori debout) conçue par le musée national de Nouvelle-Zélande, le Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, fut présentée en 2011-2012 au Musée du quai Branly, à Paris, et en 2012-2013 au Musée de la civilisation, à Québec. Sont discutés ici les résultats préliminaires d’une recherche comparative portant sur la conception et la réception de cette exposition itinérante : ses permanences et transformations au sein des différentes institutions, les effets de la volonté des Mâori de maintenir la dimension rituelle des objets. Il s’agit de réfléchir à l’exposition comme une « vue de l’Autre », au double sens d’un regard porté par les Mâori sur eux-mêmes et leurs objets, et d’un regard porté sur eux à travers leurs objets et leur mise en scène. Le croisement de ces regards permet de saisir l’exposition comme créatrice d’un espace de réflexion sur Soi et sur le rapport à l’altérité, que ce soit au niveau des équipes des musées ou de leurs visiteurs. Ces questionnements prirent des tonalités différentes en fonction des traditions muséales et nationales. Nous explorons ces processus en portant une attention particulière au traitement des objets et aux usages des corps.
De la conservation à la restitution
Authors: Laugrand Frédéric B. , Oosten Jarich G.
Published: May 2015

Cet article traite de l’itinéraire d’unqalugiujaq, un couteau miniature ayant appartenu au célèbre chamane Qimuksiraaq. L’objet a été trouvé dans un fonds d’archives des Soeurs grises de Nicolet, et récemment restitué à un descendant de ce chamane. Les auteurs soulignent l’agencéité de ces objets miniatures capables de créer des connexions dans le temps ou dans l’espace. Ici, le pouvoir transformationnel de la miniature à l’étude demeure visiblement intact en dépit de plusieurs décennies de christianisation. Au-delà de mesures dites d’indigénisation, ce constat devrait conduire les musées à plus d’ouverture et de prudence dans la gestion de leurs collections d’objets miniatures.
Dé-voiler les objets
Authors: Moiroux Sophie
Published: May 2015

À partir des installations muséales de l’artiste contemporain Jimmie Durham et en tenant compte de ses réflexions, cet article propose une analyse des mécanismes mis en oeuvre afin d’exposer la « normalité », ou le regard courant porté sur les objets, que l’artiste a observé chez son public, celui des musées occidentaux. Durham présente des objets banals ou stéréotypés dans des vitrines avec cartels, composant des installations produites spécifiquement pour leur public, lequel est invité à s’engager dans les oeuvres. Il met en évidence la « normalité », en opérant notamment par des décalages humoristiques, et la fait entrer dans les musées en exposant des artéfacts qui ne s’y trouvent pas habituellement. Durham dévoile des implications occultées mais oppressantes de ce regard, en particulier en contexte colonial, et tente, par diverses investigations, de provoquer une réflexivité chez le spectateur dans le but de l’ouvrir à d’autres regards sur soi et sur les autres.
Représentations de soi et décolonisation dans les musées
Authors: Jérôme Laurent , Kaine Élisabeth
Published: May 2015

À partir d’une expérience de muséologie participative menée avec des représentants autochtones pour la réalisation de la nouvelle exposition de référence des Musées de la civilisation de Québec, cet article propose une réflexion sur les enjeux, les défis et les limites des stratégies de représentations de Soi et des processus de décolonisation en muséologie. L’étape du développement des contenus – plus précisément celle du choix des objets à exposer –, de l’élaboration du discours les accompagnant et de la création des dispositifs de présentation servira de point d’ancrage à cette réflexion. Si les objets sont des éléments fondateurs du discours en muséologie, qui doit parler à travers eux dans le cadre d’une démarche visant la décolonisation des pratiques muséales et favorisant la représentation de Soi par les Autochtones ? En quoi l’objet et les réflexions liées à sa mise en scène dans une exposition peuvent-ils devenir les vecteurs d’un processus de décolonisation de la muséologie ?
A distinct p53 target gene set predicts for response to the selective p53–HDM2 inhibitor NVP-CGM097
Authors: Jeay Sébastien , Gaulis Swann , Ferretti Stéphane , Bitter Hans , Ito Moriko , Valat Thérèse , Murakami Masato , Ruetz Stephan , Guthy Daniel A , Rynn Caroline , Jensen Michael R , Wiesmann Marion , Kallen Joerg , Furet Pascal , Gessier François , Holzer Philipp , Masuya Keiichi , Würthner Jens , Halilovic Ensar , Hofmann Francesco , Sellers William R , Graus Porta Diana
Published: May 2015

Biomarkers for patient selection are essential for the successful and rapid development of emerging targeted anti-cancer therapeutics. In this study, we report the discovery of a novel patient selection strategy for the p53–HDM2 inhibitor NVP-CGM097, currently under evaluation in clinical trials. By intersecting high-throughput cell line sensitivity data with genomic data, we have identified a gene expression signature consisting of 13 up-regulated genes that predicts for sensitivity to NVP-CGM097 in both cell lines and in patient-derived tumor xenograft models. Interestingly, these 13 genes are known p53 downstream target genes, suggesting that the identified gene signature reflects the presence of at least a partially activated p53 pathway in NVP-CGM097-sensitive tumors. Together, our findings provide evidence for the use of this newly identified predictive gene signature to refine the selection of patients with wild-type p53 tumors and increase the likelihood of response to treatment with p53–HDM2 inhibitors, such as NVP-CGM097.
Planetary gyre, time‐dependent eddies, torsional waves, and equatorial jets at the Earth's core surface
Authors: Gillet N. , Jault D. , Finlay C. C.
Published: May 2015

We report a calculation of time‐dependent quasi‐geostrophic core flows for 1940–2010. Inverting recursively for an ensemble of solutions, we evaluate the main source of uncertainties, namely, the model errors arising from interactions between unresolved core surface motions and magnetic fields. Temporal correlations of these uncertainties are accounted for. The covariance matrix for the flow coefficients is also obtained recursively from the dispersion of an ensemble of solutions. Maps of the flow at the core surface show, upon a planetary‐scale gyre, time‐dependent large‐scale eddies at midlatitudes, and vigorous azimuthal jets in the equatorial belt. The stationary part of the flow predominates on all the spatial scales that we can resolve. We retrieve torsional waves that explain the length‐of‐day changes at 4 to 9.5 years periods. These waves may be triggered by the nonlinear interaction between the magnetic field and subdecadal nonzonal motions within the fluid outer core. Both the zonal and the more energetic nonzonal interannual motions were particularly intense close to the equator (below 10∘ latitude) between 1995 and 2010. We revise down the amplitude of the decade fluctuations of the planetary‐scale circulation and find that electromagnetic core‐mantle coupling is not the main mechanism for angular momentum exchanges on decadal time scales if mantle conductance is 3 × 108 S or lower.