bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Digital Technologies and Automation: Key Strategy of Improving Project Efficiency During Challenging Phase
Authors: Al Blooshi Khalfan Qasem , Mishra Kishore
Published: February 2022

The current outbreak and the financial crisis occurred due to Coronavirus (COVID-19); the global economy is melting like an ice-cream. This current pandemic and the market condition have affected not only the human but also greatly impacted the commodities prices, demand & supply especially into the industry those which believes on the traditional way of working such as oil & gas and other energy sectors.

If I will talk about only the oil and Gas or Petroleum industry, then based on the current market information and statistics then the short team impact is nearly 25% to 30% decrease in the petroleum consumptions, but the long-term impact can be even more than 35% to 40%. The CAPEX and OPEX investment for research and development have been slashed like anything. When the world started investing into the other source of energy then it has started forcing oil and gas industry to think out of the box and industry must change rapidly prior to losing a substantial market share because of orthodox thinking in terms of utilizing the available technology or investing in the future technologies.

This paper will discuss about the way how to shift the whole industry from man oriented to machine oriented, uses of traditional technologies to the modern technologies and implementation of digitization and automation of running plant as well as upcoming projects starting in the earliest phase e.g., Feasibility study, Pre-Feed, FEED and EPC stage (including Pre-Commissioning/ Commissioning) and the operation phase of the projects.
A Study on Increasing the Number of Stages in the Acid Fracturing Stimulation Technique in Horizontal Wells for a Tight Fractured Carbonate Reservoir in the Bahrain Field
Authors: AlJawder Abdulla , Engineer Yusuf , Alhammadi Bader , Buarki A.Wahab
Published: February 2022

Extended Abstract

The Ahmadi formation of Bahrain field is of Middle Cretaceous age. It is predominantly a shale lying immediately below the Magwa member of the Rumaila formation and contains two limestone units in the Bahrain field, which are referred to as Aa and Ab members. Limestone Aa and Ab are present with practically uniform thickness over the entire Bahrain field area, as a blanket like deposition.

The Ahmadi Reservoir in the Bahrain Field has been producing since 1933. Ahmadi consists of two main limestone units, AA and AB, separated by a 40-45 ft shale member. The AA reservoir is typically 3 to 4 feet thick, while the AB is divided into three separate units: AB1, AB2, and AB3. AB1 and AB3 are fairly clean limestone units, with a cumulative net reservoir of 12 to 14 ft. AB2 is about 4 to 5 feet thick, and characterized as a non-reservoir. The matrix permeability ranges from 1 to 2 mD.

The main focus of the primary development plan was established by infill horizontal open hole lateral section, targeting the AB3 zone. However, poor matrix permeability and the irregularly spaced natural fracture network of the AB3 zone can hinder the primary development strategy and well production. Therefore, acid fracturing with 8 stages (60 ft each) in the open hole lateral section was implemented to improve well performance.

A study was initiated in 2019 to improve the acid fracturing technique in the AB3 open hole lateral section (horizontal wells) by increasing the number of stages from 8 stages (60 ft each) to 18 stages (60 ft each). The wells targeted were located in areas with low reservoir quality and low fracture networks in order to induce artificial fractures, thereby improving well performance.
Innovative Spacer Solution to Control Losses While Cementing in Permeable and Depleted Formations
Authors: Vasquez Jorge , Flores Anibal , Anggarawinata Rama , Thien Victor Hung Jie , Chan Lakmun , Haji Yaakub Nur Izzah
Published: February 2022

Drilling and cementing across permeable, naturally fractured, and depleted formations have become some of the most common challenges across the world. A major operator in Offshore Brunei was facing similar challenges across such formations. The primary objective of the cementing job across this difficult formation was to isolate shallow hydrocarbon zones. Achieving desired top of cement (TOC) without inducing losses was the major design challenge.

Drilling across such formation generally leads to loss circulation scenarios. This makes subsequent cementing operation more challenging. In order to minimize losses during the cement job, an innovative tailored spacer system was designed and pumped immediately before the cement slurry. This tailored spacer system not only helped in mud removal and wellbore cleaning but also helped to mitigate losses during cementing. Spacer and cement slurry density and rheology was optimized with the help of an advanced hydraulic simulator and industry leading computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software.

To check the effectiveness of the spacer system, several laboratory tests were conducted to determine the spacer system's ability to plug a porous medium. Specialized particle suspension analysis was conducted to assure that the spacer design can maintain the fluid system's solid transport stability under both dynamic and shutdown periods. This helped to avoid plugging off restrictions such as critical flow paths in float equipment and the liner hanger. To validate the spacer design, several field jobs were executed for surface, intermediate and production casing scenarios. For each job the spacer design was tailored for the wellbore condition based on the severity of losses. For such jobs, initial purely hydraulic simulations predicted the possibility of losses. No losses or substantially reduced losses were noted for the cement jobs where this tailored spacer system was used. These results validated that the tailored spacer helped to mitigate the loss potential from the hydrostatic pressure. Top of cement was also validated based on fluids returns to surface and final displacement pressure.

The first cement job using this innovative spacer system was executed for a 13-3/8inch surface casing job in Q3-2020. 100 bbls of an 11 ppg spacer was pumped across a permeable formation ahead of the cement slurry. Cement returns were observed at surface. Since the first job, 14 cement jobs using this innovative spacer system have been successfully executed in offshore Brunei for various casing sizes.
Retrofitting Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers with Variable Frequency Drive: Challenges and Benefits
Authors: Ba-Aqeel Nezar
Published: February 2022

Khursaniyah Gas Plant (KGP) had successfully invested in retrofitting one of its air-cooled heat exchanger systems with a variable frequency drive (VFD). This air-cooled heat exchanger system is an integral part in the cogeneration plant operation, and one where its reliability directly affects the cogeneration plant's availability. The original system arrangement consists of a two-double-deck heat exchanger, and three forced draft fin fans operating simultaneously at full speed. A failure or trip to one of these fin fans will automatically trigger a logic known as "Runback," plant power generation and steam production are reduced by 50% and 30% respectively when logic is activated, this protection logic is configured in order to protect the gas turbine hot gas path parts and maintain their temperature within the allowable safe working limits.

The new retrofitted VFD allows controlling of the fin fans electric motors rotational speed via controlling both voltage and frequency input to the motors. The primary objective which drove Khursaniyah gas plant to implement this project was to improve the cogeneration plant utilization. This objective was achieved by maintaining the heat exchanger output temperature at an operating range between 420F and 440F, via variable speed fin fans regardless to any changes in the ambient temperature. Several modifications to the existing system components were implemented in order to achieve this objective, some of these modifications include: increasing the fan's blade width, increasing of driver motor's rated torque, and installation of a closed feedback loop control system.

The new enhanced system is now capable of operating the cogeneration plant with two fin fans at 100% cogeneration plant operating capacity, while one fin fan can be offline for any planned, or unplanned maintenance activities. An expensive alternative to this retrofitting project was to add additional fin fan to the heat exchanger system. However, adding a new fin fan requires replacement of the double-deck heat exchanger to another unit with larger capacity and additional footprint to accommodate the new extra fan. This retrofitting project required none of the above and was deemed and proven to be the most efficient and practical option to resolve this chronic issue.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem em urgência e emergência utilizando sistemas de King: estudo descritivo
Authors: Nascimento Simone Souza , Jesus Cristine Alves Costa de
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Determinar os diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I baseados no referencial de King. Métodos: Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e transversal, conduzido com 50 participantes. Coleta de dados pela aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por estatística descritiva com auxílio do software Microsoft Excel. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: A maioria dos clientes foi do sexo feminino (54%), com idade média de 50,48 anos e com baixa escolaridade. Foram identificados 13 fluxogramas, com maior prevalência para Dor torácica (18,0%). Emergiram 94 diagnósticos de enfermagem, com destaque para Risco de infecção (90,0%), Conhecimento deficiente (80,0%), Risco de quedas (64,0%), Estilo de vida sedentário (62,0%) e Dentição prejudicada (60,0%). Conclusão: Os diagnósticos relacionaram-se aos conceitos de pessoa, percepção interação, transação, comunicação, papel, self e imagem corporal, espaço, tempo, estresse, enfermagem e saúde, presentes na teoria de King. Foi possível elaborar reflexões sobre a importância de conhecer a população atendida, bem como a essência do raciocínio clínico e das diferentes habilidades, para a aplicação do processo de enfermagem.
TEACHING PRACTICAL COURSE OF TRANSLATION IN LANGUAGE HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Терехова Е.В. , Фоменко О.В.
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматриваются особенности преподавания устного перевода в рамках дисциплины «Практический курс перевода» в языковом вузе на основе коммуникативно-функционального подхода к переводу. Даются практические рекомендации по организации занятий по последовательному двустороннему переводу, обосновывается применение методических приемов обучения устному переводу.

This article deals with teaching interpretation within the discipline “Practical course of translation” in a language high school on the basis of the communicative-functional approach to translation. The article provides some practical recommendations on organizing bilingual consecutive interpretation classes, the value of using certain teaching methods is justified.
ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗНЫХ СПОСОБОВ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВ НА ВОДОПРОНИЦАЕМОСТЬ ПОЧВЫ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ КУЛЬТУР
Authors: ХАСАНОВА Ф.М. , КАРАБАЕВ И.Т. , МАВЛЯНОВ Д.Р. , ЭШОНКУЛОВ М.А.
Published: February 2022

Результатами полевого опыта в севообороте “озимая пшеница - маш - хлопчатник” на староорошаемых типичных серозёмных почвах Ташкентской области установлено, эффективность применения минимальной обработки почвы при выращивании повторных культур. Установлено проведение в ранние сроки сев и сокращения количества обработок почвы перед севом обеспечивает улучшение водопроницаемость почвы, по сравнению с обычной технологией выращивания повторных и основных культур.
THE FORMATION OF THE ABOVEGROUND MASS AND THE ROOT SYSTEM OF WHEAT VARIETIES, DEPENDING OF THE TIMING OF SOWING IN IRRIGATION
Authors: Халилова Л.Н. , Яркулова З.Р.
Published: February 2022

В статье приводится особенности формирования надземной массы и корневой системы и озимой и яровой (двуручек) сортов пшеницы в зависимости от сроков посева в условиях полива. Установлено, по мере развития растений от кущения до восковой спелости зерна, надземная и корневая масса пшеницы при всех сроках посева увеличивается, корнеобеспеченность растений уменьшается. Наблюдается закономерное уменьшение надземной массы, массы корней и корне обеспеченности растений от оптимального срока к позднему. Большая надземная масса и корневая система наблюдается при оптимальном сроке посева в отличие от раннего и позднего срока посева. Для биологически озимого сорта Краснодар 99 оптимальным сроком посева является 1 октября, а для биологически ярового сорта Хазирати Бешир – 11 октября. Корни биологически озимого сорта Краснодар 99 более мощно развиты, по сравнению с сортом Хазирати Бешир.

The article gives special features of forming aboveground mass and root system of winter and summer sort of wheat depending on timing of sowing and conditions of irrigation. Determined that, as the plant grows from tillering layering to waxy ripeness, aboveground seeds and root mass of the wheat in all terms of sowing increases, root security decreases. It is possible to observe the regular decrease of aboveground mass, mass of root and root security in optimal term of sowing moving to late term. Big amount of aboveground mass and root system are observed at the optimal term of sowing in contrast with early and late term of sowing. For biological winter sort of Krasnodar 99 the optimal term of sowing is 1st October and for biological spring sort of Khazirati Beshir is 11th of October. The roots of the sort Krasnodar 99 are much more strongly developed than the roots of the sort Khazirati Beshir.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE EXTRACT OF THE FERMENTED SHEET OF ASPEN ASH AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Нехорошев С.В. , Нехорошева А.В. , Леонов В.В. , Соловьев В.Г. , Карпова Я.А. , Астахова Т.Ю. , Нехорошева Д.С.
Published: February 2022

Определено содержание фенольных соединений в экстракте ферментированного листа осины густом. При сравнении антимикробной активности экстракта ферментированного листа осины густого, салицина и салициловой кислоты, выявлена способность ингибировать ростовую активность S. aureus, P. aeruginosa и E. coli экстракта ферментированного листа осины густого и салицина, а также ингибировать образование биопленки S. aureus, P. aeruginosa и E. coli. Выявлено влияние салицина и экстракта ферментированного листа осины густого на параметры крови в условиях экспериментального хронического описторхоза. Пероральное введение животным в течение 5 суток салицина (6 мг/особь) и водного экстракта листьев осины (из расчета 150 мг сухого продукта/особь) нивелирует гиперфибриногенемию, но не оказывает влияния на иные показатели крови.

The content of phenolic compounds in the extract of fermented aspen leaf thick was determined. When comparing the antimicrobial activity of the extract of the fermented leaf of aspen thick, salicin and salicylic acid, the ability to inhibit the growth activity of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli of the extract of the fermented leaf of aspen thick and salicin, as well as to inhibit the formation of the biofilm of S. aureus, P., was revealed. aeruginosa and E. coli. The effect of salicin and an extract of fermented aspen leaf on the blood parameters under experimental chronic opisthorchiasis was revealed. Oral administration to animals for 5 days of salicin (6 mg / individual) and an aqueous extract of aspen leaves (at the rate of 150 mg of dry product / individual) eliminates hyperfibrinogenemia, but does not affect other blood parameters.

salicin, thick fermented aspen leaf extract, antimicrobial activity, chronic opisthorchiasis..
PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF CERASUS VUL. MIL.BY ALTITUDE GRADIENT
Authors: Пиняскина Е.В. , Магомедова М.Х.-М. , Маммаев А.Т. , Алиева М.Ю.
Published: February 2022

Исследованы параметры фотосинтетической активности интродуцированных сортов Cerasus Vul. Mil., произрастающих на высотах 1100 и 1800 м над уровнем моря.

The parameters of the photosynthetic activity of introduced varieties Cerasus Vul. Mil., growing at altitudes of 1100 and 1800 m above sea level, were studied.
NICOTINE CONTENT IN NON-SMOKING MIXTURES OF ORAL USE
Authors: Остапченко И.М. , Дурунча Н.А. , Кокорина Л.В.
Published: February 2022

В настоящее время широкой популярностью среди молодежи пользуется никотиносодержащая нетабачная продукция, так называемая продукция орального потребления. При отсутствии технических требований к условиям производства данной продукции, требований к качеству и безопасности, контроля безопасности данная продукция представляет опасность для потребителей.

Currently, nicotine-containing non-tobacco products, the so-called oral consumption products, are widely popular among young people. In the absence of technical requirements for the conditions of production of these products, requirements for quality and safety, safety control, these products pose a danger to consumers.
ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF USING THE RESOURCES OF HUNTING UNGULATES IN RUSSIA
Authors: ДАВЫДОВ А.В. , МОРГУНОВ Н.А.
Published: February 2022

Обсуждаются проблема повышения эффективности использования ресурсов охотничьих копытных животных в России, а также вопросы совершенствования учета этих ресурсов и нормирования их добычи. Предложено определять пересчетные коэффициенты для расчета численности копытных животных с помощью беспилотных летательных аппаратов. Проанализированы способы нормирования добычи от показателя плотности населения видов и от показателя их численности. Показана целесообразность применения дифференцированного подхода при нормировании добычи в зависимости от типа распространения животных. Рассмотрена возможность расчета численности лося по методу зимнего маршрутного учета без выделения категорий среды обитания. Предложен способ нормирования добычи копытных животных с применением показателя средней плотности населения вида. Предложен вариант по изменению организации и порядка проведения учета и нормирования добычи копытных животных.

We considered the problem to increase of efficient using resources of hunting ungulates in Russia, and improvement of counting of resources, and establishment a kill rate. We proposed to define conversion factors for counting of ungulates using unmanned aerial vehicles. We analyzed the methods of establishing a kill rate from species density and production indicator. We have shown expediency of using a differentiated approach for to establishment a kill rate depending on the type of animal spread. We considered the possibility to counting of elk from the method of winter route according without identification of habitat categories. We suggested a method of establishment a kill rate of ungulates by dint of average population densities of the species of animals. We suggested changing organization and accounting procedure and establishment a kill rate of ungulates.
STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OIL RECOVERY FROM THE FIELDS OF THE GROZNY OIL REGION
Authors: Халадов А.Ш. , Умаев А.А. , Газабиева З.Х. , Дудаев М.М. , Халадов М.С. , Алероев Б.А.
Published: February 2022

Посвящена проблеме нефтеотдачи мезозойских залежей нефти месторождений Грозненского нефтяного района, которые подразделяются на две основные группы. К первой группе относятся верхнемеловые залежи, которые имеют трещиновато-кавернозный коллектор и представлены известняками. Ко второй группе относятся нижнемеловые (аптские) залежи, имеющие трещиновато-пористые коллекторы и представлены песчаниками и алевролитами. Приведены сведения по коэффициенту извлечения нефти (КИН) по ряду месторождений Грозненского нефтяного района. Даны рекомендации по размещению эксплуатационных скважин с целью эффективного их использования.

Dedicated to the problem of oil recovery of the Mesozoic oil deposits of the fi elds of the Grozny oil region, which are divided into two main groups. The fi rst group includes the Upper Cretaceous deposits, which have a fractured-cavernous reservoir and are represented by limestones. The second group includes the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) deposits with fractured-porous reservoirs and represented by sandstones and siltstones. Information on the oil recovery factor (ORF) for a number of fi elds in the Grozny oil region is presented. Recommendations are given for the placement of production wells in order to effectively use them.
DETECTION OF UNIDENTIFIED MICRO-UAVS IN URBANIZED ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Бестугин А.Р. , Филонов О.М. , Киршина И.А. , Окин П.А.
Published: February 2022

Проведен анализ проблем, возникающих при обнаружении и идентификации неопознанных микро- БПЛА в автономном полёте в городской среде при условиях ограниченной видимости и наличии помех техногенного и биогенного происхождения. Показано, что существующие методы их детектирования – радиолокационные, оптические, акустические не обеспечивают гарантированное решение этих задач при жестких временных ограничениях. Предложены технические решения, применение которых позволит минимизировать время между обнаружением и идентификацией микро-БПЛА.

An analysis of the problems that arise when detecting and identifying unidentified micro-UAVs in autonomous flight in an urban environment in conditions of limited visibility and the presence of interference of manmade and biogenic origin was carried out. It is shown that the existing methods of their detection – radar, optical, acoustic, do not provide a guaranteed solution to these problems under severe time constraints. Technical solutions are proposed, the use of which will minimize the time between detection and identification of a micro-UAV.
Application of functional series for evaluating mathematical expectation in the “Petersburg game”
Authors: Анисимов М.Н. , Останин С.Ю.
Published: February 2022

В статье приведена методика расчета конечного математического ожидания в «петербургской игре». Применение свойств сходящихся степенных рядов позволило решить проблему формально бесконечной суммы.

The article provides a methodology for calculating the final mathematical expectation in the “Petersburg game”. Using the properties of convergent power series allowed us to solve the problem of a formally infinite sum.
Modelling of the grain surface structurefor the ice sample manufacturing tasks
Authors: Внук В.В. , Левицкий А.В. , Николаев П.М. , Шардин А.О.
Published: February 2022

Одним из этапов экспериментальных исследований эксплуатационных характеристик самолета в условиях обледенения является проведение испытаний в аэродинамических трубах с применением специальных накладок, имитирующих наледь на кромках агрегатов (крыле, хвостовом оперении, лопастях винтов, мотогондоле и т.д.).Важной задачей в процессе моделирования накладок является формирование структуры поверхности с характерной зернистостью. В данной статье предложен способ моделирования зернистой поверхности, имитирующей поверхностную структуру наледи. Разработанный алгоритм формирования математической модели поверхности наледи позволяет задать в широком диапазоне параметры зернистости, в том числе характер распределения кристаллов льда вдоль профиля, и учитывает возможность изготовления накладок с использованием аддитивной технологии.

One of the stages of experimental studies of aircraft performance under icing conditions is conducting tests in wind tunnels using special plates that simulate ice on the edges of the units (wing, tails, propeller blades, engine nacelle, etc.).An important task of the plates modeling process is the generation of a surface structure with a specific grain size. This article proposes a method for modeling a granular surface that imitates the surface structure of ice. The developed algorithm for the generation of the ice surface mathematical model makes it possible to set the grain size parameters in a wide range, including of the ice crystals distribution pattern along the profile, and takes into account the possibility of making plates using additive technology.
Control of particle size of grain by the luminescence method
Authors: Маслова К.С. , Новикова М.А.
Published: February 2022

В статье рассматриваются основные методы определения гранулометрических характеристик зерновых продуктов, и проводится анализ и оценка их эффективности. Представлен инновационный экспресс-метод определения размера частиц, позволяющий отслеживать как качественные, так и количественные изменения в процессе переработки зерна.

The article discusses the main methods for determining the granulometric characteristics of grain products, and analyzes and evaluates their effectiveness. An innovative rapid method for determining the particle size is presented, which allows tracking both qualitative and quantitative changes in the process of grain processing.
On the distribution of the rare moss species Dicranum dispersum Engelmark in the Southern Urals
Authors: Валитова Л.А. , Баишева Э.З. , Кутуева А.Г.
Published: February 2022

Обсуждаются распространение и особенности экологии редкого вида мха Dicranum dispersum Engelmark на Южном Урале. Вид рекомендован к включению в новое издание Красной книги Республики Башкортостан.

The distribution and ecology of rare moss species Dicranum dispersum Engelmark in the Southern Urals are discussed. The species is recommended to be included into the new edition of the Red Data Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Ensuring flight safety of aircraft in icing conditions
Authors: Андреев Г.Т. , Гаджимагомедов Г.Г. , Николаев А.А. , Юстус А.А.
Published: February 2022

Обеспечение безопасности полета гражданских самолетов является актуальной проблемой современной авиации. Известно, что эксплуатация самолётов в условиях низких температур неразрывно связана с таким явлением, как обледенение, которое представляет серьёзную опасность для воздушных судов. Изучение этого явления в аэродинамических трубах, позволяет существенно увеличить объем информации о различных формах льда и их влиянию на лётные характеристики летательных аппаратов.

Ensuring the safety of civil aircraft flight is an urgent problem of modern aviation. It is known that the operation of aircraft in low temperatures is inextricably linked with the phenomenon of icing, which poses a serious danger to aircraft. The study of this phenomenon in wind tunnels can significantly increase the amount of information about various forms of ice and their influence on the flight characteristics of aircraft.
Influence of quality of life on oncomarkers content in blood serum of the population of RS (Y)
Authors: Ефремова С.Д. , Николаев В.М. , Румянцев Е.К. , Софронова С.И. , Сазонов Н.Н.
Published: February 2022

Опухолевые маркеры являются интегральными биохимическими показателями общего состояния здоровья организма. Они количественно отражают любые повреждения тканей и органов, требующие восстановления клеточного гомеостаза. Нами было обследовано 250 жителей Республики Саха (Якутия) из которых 80 мужчины, 170 женщин. В сыворотке крови были определены следующие онкологические маркеры: альфа-фетопротеин (АФП), простат-специфический антиген (ПСА), онкомаркер яичников (СА125). Результаты нашего исследования показали, что уровень АФП в сыворотке крови повышен у одиноких, имеющих низкий уровень образованности, работающих, страдающих ожирением. Значение онкомаркера СА125 в организме женщин повышается в зависимости от длительности супружеского стажа, неблагоустроенности жилья, низкого уровня материального благополучия. Концентрация ПСА достоверно увеличена в организме курящих мужчин.

Tumor markers are integral biochemical indicators of the general health of the body. They quantitatively reflect any damage to tissues and organs that require the restoration of cellular homeostasis. We examined 250 residents of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), of which 80 were men, 170 were women. The following oncological markers were determined in blood serum: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), ovarian tumor marker (CA125). The results of our study showed that the serum AFP level is increased in lonely, with a low level of education, working, obese. The value of the CA125 tumor marker in the body of women increases depending on the duration of marital experience, poor housing conditions, and a low level of material well-being. The PSA concentration is significantly increased in the body of male smokers.
Measures to prevent and combat complications during well operation
Authors: Халадов А.Ш. , Умаев А.А. , Алиев И.И. , Дудаев М.М. , Хутаев Х.Р.
Published: February 2022

Эксплуатация скважин на поздних этапах разработки месторождения характеризуется увеличением объема ремонтных работ в результате износа и последующего отказа подземного оборудования. Причиной, осложняющей эксплуатацию скважины, является процесс выноса механических примесей в скважину совместно с добываемой продукцией. Это явление вызвано недостаточной прочностью коллектора под действием депрессии и репрессии на пласт, высокой скоростью фильтрации пластовых флюидов в призабойной зоне пласта (ПЗП), которая приводит к разрушению коллектора. Вынос песка из слабосцементированного коллектора вызывает интенсивное изнашивание элементов центробежных и штанговых насосов, насосно-компрессорных труб (НКТ), резьбовых соединений, фонтанной арматуры, заиливание внутрискважинных фильтров, образование песчаных пробок. Песчаные пробки перекрывают интервал перфорации, нарушая режим работы скважины.Основным осложнением при эксплуатации верхнемеловой залежи месторождения Правобережное является интенсивное обводнение скважин, обусловленное большой скоростью продвижения водонефтяного контакта (ВНК) в период интенсивного отбора нефти из залежи.

Wells operation in the late stages of field development is characterized by an increase in the volume of workovers as a result of wear and subsequent failure of underground equipment. The reason that complicates the operation of the well is the process of removing mechanical impurities into the well together with the produced product. This phenomenon is caused by the insufficient strength of the reservoir under the influence of depression and repression on the formation, high filtration rate of formation fluids in the bottomhole formation zone (BHZ), which leads to the destruction of the reservoir. The removal of sand from a poorly cemented reservoir causes intensive wear of the elements of centrifugal and sucker rod pumps, tubing (tubing), threaded connections, christmas tree, siltation of downhole filters, the formation of sand plugs. Sand plugs block the perforation interval, disrupting the well operation.The main complication in the operation of the Upper Cretaceous reservoir of the Pravoberezhnoye field is the intensive watering of the wells due to the high speed of the oil-water contact (OWC) advance during the period of intensive oil withdrawal from the reservoir.
Analysis of the causes of destruction of the bottomhole formation zone in oil and gas wells and methods of its prevention
Authors: Халадов А.Ш. , Умаев А.А. , Алиев И.И. , Дудаев М.М. , Хутаев Х.Р.
Published: February 2022

Существующие методы борьбы с пескопроявлением можно подразделить на использование механических средств, создающих сводовый эффект (намывные гравийные фильтры), и средств, укрепляющих породу пласта (закачка химических реагентов и др.).Более эффективны методы борьбы с пескопроявлениями, в основе которых лежит принцип предотвра­щения выноса песка в скважину. Наиболее простым решением для данного метода является снижение депрессии и ограничение отборов жидкости из скважины, позволяющий уменьшить поступление песка в скважину, но при этом резко сокращаются дебиты нефти.

The existing methods of sand control can be subdivided into the use of mechanical means that create a crest effect (alluvial gravel filters), and means that strengthen the formation rock (injection of chemical reagents, etc.). More effective methods of dealing with sand production, which are based on the principle of preventing sand production into the well. The simplest solution for this method is to reduce the drawdown and limit the fluid withdrawal from the well, which allows to reduce the flow of sand into the well, but at the same time, oil production rates are sharply reduced.
Obtaining of Iron-Carbon Sorbent and Investigating its Sorption Efficiency
Authors: Елфимов А.Б. , Татиколов А.С. , Комиссарова Л.Х. , Марнаутов Н.А. , Васильков О.О.
Published: February 2022

Разработан метод получения железо-углеродного сорбента путем низкотемпературного пиролиза активированного угля в присутствии солей железа. Проведено сравнительное исследование его сорбционной эффективности и гемосорбента Симплекс-Ф к низко-, средне- и высоко-молекулярным соединениям-маркерам: метиленовый синий, цианкобаламин, альбумин в физиологическом растворе: изучена кинетика сорбции соединений-маркеров и определены значения сорбционной емкости. Показано, что максимальные значения сорбционной емкости полученного сорбента к соединениям-маркерам отмечаются через 30–60 сек., для гемосорбента Симплекс-Ф – через 1–2 часа соответственно. Высокая сорбционная емкость 40,0 ± 5,1 мг/г обнаружена к метиленовому синему по сравнению со значением 3,8 ± 0,4 мг/г для гемосорбента Симплекс-Ф. Полученный железо-углеродный сорбент может быть рекомендован в качестве магнитоуправляемого сорбента для экстракорпоральной очистки биологических жидкостей (кровь, плазма) от эндо- и экзо- низкомолекулярных токсикантов (креатинин, барбитураты).

There has been developed the method of obtaining iron-carbon sorbent by low-temperature pyrolysis of activated carbon in the presence of ferric salts. There has been carried out the comparative investigation of its sorption efficiency and that of hemosorbent Simplex-F to low-, middle- and high-molecular compounds-markers: methylene-blue, cyancobalamin and albumin in a physiological solution. There has been studied the sorption kinetics of the compounds-markers and determined the sorption capacity figures. It has been shown that the maximal figures of the obtained sorbent’s sorption capacity to compounds-markers are reached in 30–60 s, for hemsorbent Simplex-F – in 1-2 hours, accordingly. The high sorption capacity of 40,0 ± 5,1 mg/g has been detected to methylene-blue in comparison with 3,8 ± 0,4 mg/g for hemosorbent Simplex-F. The obtained iron-carbon sorbent can be recommended as a magnetic-operated sorbent for extra corporal detoxification of biological liquids (blood, plasma) from endo- and exo- low-molecular toxicants (creatinin, barbiturates).
Beyond Copper: Novel Ni Foam Catalysts for Sustainable Nitrate to Ammonia Electroreduction
Authors: Iarchuk Anna , Dutta Abhijit , Broekmann Peter
Published: February 2022

Electrochemical nitrate reduction is considered a promising energy efficient approach to remove environmentally harmful nitrate from various types of wastewater while simultaneously producing a product with high added value: ammonia. One important factor to be accounted for is the choice of the catalyst, which is required not only to accelerate nitrate reduction but also to direct the product selectivity of the electrolysis toward ammonia production. To this end, herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of novel Ni foam catalysts produced by means of a dynamic hydrogen bubble template and additive assisted electrodeposition process. The resulting 3D foam morphology of the catalyst is demonstrated to crucially govern its overall catalytic performance. Post-electrolysis cross-sectional SEM-EDX analysis (K mapping) demonstrated complete wetting of the 3D foam structure by the electrolyte. Ni foams deposited within 20 s exhibited outstanding selectivity toward nitrate electroreduction: more than 95% of the Faradaic efficiency of ammonia production was achieved in the particularly low potential range from -0.1 to -0.3 V vs. RHE. Hydrogen was found to be the only minor by-product of the nitrate reduction. Intriguingly, no other nitrogen containing products (e.g., NO, N2O, and N2) formed during electrolysis, thus indicating a highly efficient nitrate-to-ammonia conversion process. This significant improvement over the use of a planar Ni foil reference (33% FE at -0.3 V vs. RHE) is attributable to (i) the effective suppression of the HER in this potential regime and (ii) a high surface density of active sites for the nitrate reduction formed during Ni foam electrodeposition under extreme experimental conditions, e.g., at an applied geometric current density of -3 A cm-2. Trapping intermediates inside the primary macroporosity contributed to the excellent catalytic performance of the Ni foams. Identical location (IL) SEM analyses demonstrated the excellent structural stability of the novel Ni foam during extended catalyst stressing. These superior characteristics have not previously been reported for Ni and Ni rich catalysts, thus making the novel foam type of catalyst a highly promising candidate for truly selective and energy efficient nitrate-to-ammonia electroreduction and a promising alternative to mature copper-based catalysts.
Small basis set density-functional theory methods corrected with atom-centered potentials
Authors: Prasad Viki Kumar , Otero-de-la-Roza Alberto , A. DiLabio Gino
Published: February 2022

Density-functional theory (DFT) is currently the most popular method for modeling non-covalent interactions and thermochemistry. The accurate calculation of non-covalent interaction energies, reaction energies, and barrier heights requires choosing an appropriate functional and, typically, a relatively large basis set. Deficiencies of the density-functional approximation and the use of a limited basis set are the leading sources of error in the calculation of non-covalent and thermochemical properties in molecular systems. In this article, we present three new DFT methods based on the BLYP, M062X and CAM-B3LYP functionals in combination with the 6-31G* basis set and corrected with atom-centered potentials (ACPs). ACPs are one-electron potentials that have the same form as effective-core potentials, except they do not replace any electrons. The ACPs developed in this work are used to generate energy corrections to the underlying DFT/basis-set method such that the errors in predicted chemical properties are minimized while maintaining the low computational cost of the parent methods. ACPs were developed for the elements H, B, C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, and Cl. The ACP parameters were determined using an extensive training set of 118,655 data points, mostly of complete basis set coupled-cluster level quality. The target molecular properties for the ACP-corrected methods include non-covalent interaction energies, molecular conformational energies, reaction energies, barrier heights, and bond separation energies. The ACPs were tested first on the training set and then on a validation set of 42,567 additional data points. We show that the ACP-corrected methods can predict the target molecular properties with accuracy close to complete basis set wavefunction theory methods, but at a computational cost of double-ζ DFT methods. This makes the new BLYP/6-31G*-ACP, M062X/6-31G*-ACP, and CAM-B3LYP/6-31G*-ACP methods uniquely suited to the calculation of non-covalent, thermochemical, and kinetic properties in large molecular systems.
Macrofauna Epiedáfica Associada a Solos Submetidos a Diferentes Usos
Authors: Mezzalira Debora Daneluz , Kubiak Ketrin Lorhayne , Silva Jéssica Camile da , Tessaro Tessaro
Published: February 2022

As diferentes coberturas vegetais formam sobre o solo uma camada que serve como abrigo de diversos organismos. Entre estes, destaca-se a macrofauna epiedáfica, desempenhando importantes funções sobre a melhoria e manutenção da qualidade do solo. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a macrofauna epiedáfica associada a diferentes usos de solo na região Sudoeste do estado do Paraná. A avaliação da macrofauna foi realizada pela instalação de armadilhas de queda preenchidas por solução formol 4%, permanecendo sete dias a campo. Os organismos classificados ao nível de família, em seis sistemas de manejo. A ordem Diptera obteve destaque, com predominância da família Drosophilidae, seguida pela ordem Coleoptera, com predominância das famílias Curculionidae, Nitidulidae e Staphylinidae, e pela ordem Hymenoptera, composta em 100% pela família Formicidae. Verificou-se maior riqueza de organismos na área de reserva legal, seguida pela área de eucalipto e mata ciliar, durante o período de verão. No período do outono verificou-se maior riqueza na área de reserva, eucalipto e pastagem. Conclui-se a existência de diferenciação espacial e não temporal da macrofauna epiedáfica, e influencia direta de diferentes coberturas vegetais sobre a riqueza de organismos.Palavras-chave: fauna epiedáfica, sistemas de manejo, biondicadores. Epiedaphic Macrofauna associated with soils submitted to different uses A B S T R A C TThe different vegetation coverings form a layer on the soil that serves as a shelter for different organisms. Among these, the epiedaphic macrofauna stands out, playing important roles in improving and maintaining soil quality. Given the above, the objective of the study was to evaluate the epiedaphic macrofauna associated with different land uses in the Southwest region of the state of Paraná. The macrofauna evaluation was carried out by installing fall traps filled with 4% formaldehyde solution, remaining in the field for seven days. The organisms classified at the family level, in six management systems. The order Diptera was highlighted, with predominance of the family Drosophilidae, followed by the order Coleoptera, with predominance of the families Curculionidae, Nitidulidae and Staphylinidae, and by the order Hymenoptera, composed 100% by the family Formicidae. There was a greater wealth of organisms in the area of legal reserve, followed by the area of eucalyptus and riparian forest, during the summer period. In the autumn period, there was greater wealth in the reserve area, eucalyptus and pasture. It concludes the existence of spatial and non-temporal differentiation of the epiedaphic macrofauna, and directly influences different vegetation coverings on the richness of organisms.Keywords: epiedaphic fauna, management systems, bioindicators.
Designing and Evaluating the Impact of Using a Blended Art Course and Web 2.0 Tools in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsuwaida Nouf
Published: February 2022

Aim/Purpose: This study designed and evaluated the impact of using a blended course and Web 2.0 tools into the “Design Fundamentals and Elements” course of a fine arts bachelor’s program at a Saudi Arabian university. The study also examined how students used Web 2.0 tools to improve their learning in the design of a blended (hybrid) course following the Quality Matters TM Higher Education Rubric (QMHER).

Background: Web 2.0 tools such as Voki, YouTube, Pinterest, and Instagram feature educational technology that offers resources, helps instructors submit their lesson plans, create presentations, and conduct online student meetings.

Methodology: The research adopted a mixed-method approach: a qualitative and quantitative pilot study. Data were collected through a pre-survey, pre-test, and post-test for one focus group, and in-depth individual interviews.

Contribution: Blended courses should be integrated with the QMHER and Web 2.0 tools into art and design curricula. Art and design teaching and learning should be transformed through Web 2.0 tools, allowing students to explore their design capabilities in the fine arts, art education, interior design, fashion design, and graphic design fields.

Findings: The findings revealed three themes in the data: 1) how to design blended learning best with the QMHER in an art education course, 2) Voki’s impact on learning 21st-century skills in a blended course, and 3) Voki’s impact on personal interactions from students’ perspectives.

Recommendations for Practitioners: The study suggests that blended courses featuring Voki animation activities play an important role in art education during the Covid-19 pandemic; students’ favorite Web 2.0 tools can improve their learning, and Voki can offer a new method and animation tool that can be integrated into activities for art students.

Recommendation for Researchers: Blended courses using Voki should be implemented as they can lead to improvements in students’ 21st-century skills (including technology literacy, creativity, decision-making, problem-solving, and collaboration and communication).

Impact on Society: The QMHER was valuable for students’ understanding of the course requirements and to improve their grades. Moreover, many Web 2.0 tools were helpful in teaching and learning art and design concepts. The findings highlight how students’ 21st-century skills increased using Voki in a blended course.

Future Research: The QMHER should be applied internationally to online and blended higher education courses.
Association of Heart Rate Variability and Simulated Cycling Time Trial Performance
Authors: DeBlauw Justin , Crawford Derek , Stein Jesse , Lewis Aidan , Heinrich Katie
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to determine if an abnormal HRV status would have negative effects on simulated individual time trial (ITT) performance in recreational cyclists. Recreational male (n=23, 42.8±8.3 years, 78.0±11.0 kg) and female (n=2, 37.0±6.8 years, 68.0±4.4 kg) cyclists completed simulated indoor 40-minute ITTs (40TT) over ten weeks. Participants were asked to complete simulated 40TTs under two HRV conditions: HRV normal values and HRV abnormal values. Participants recorded daily morning HRV readings to determine HRV status. Each participant performed all 40TTs on their personal indoor bike trainer and bike without external race simulation (e.g., Zwift). All cycling performance data were recorded on personal bike computers and submitted via a Qualtrics survey. A total of 138 ITTs (Normal = 75; Abnormal = 63) were assessed for relationships between HRV status and performance outcomes using a linear mixed-effects model with Cohen’s D for effect sizes (ES). A significant main effect of HRV status was found for peak power (F = 6.61; Normal: 372 ± 121.5 watts; Abnormal: 349 ± 105.9 watts; 380; p = 0.01; ES = 0.20) and peak speed (F = 6.12; Normal = 10.8 ± 1.2 m/s; Abnormal: 10.4 ± 1.2 m/s; p = 0.02; ES = 0.33). No significant main effect or effect sizes exceeding 0.20 were observed for all other performance variables. Daily HRV monitoring provides valuable insight that an individual’s peak power and speed may be compromised during cycling performance despite no changes in physiological or psychological indicators of effort. Coaches and cyclists can use morning HRV to inform race strategy ensuring desired performance outcomes, especially for those who rely on high power outputs