bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene‐Assisted Growth of Patterned Perovskite Films for Sensitive Light Detector and Optical Image Sensor Application
Authors: Wu Chun‐Yan , Wang Zhenyu , Liang Lin , Gui Tijun , Zhong Wei , Du Rui‐Chao , Xie Chao , Wang Li , Luo Lin‐Bao
Published: April 2019

Controlled growth of high‐quality patterned perovskite films on a large scale is essentially required for the application of this class of materials in functional integrated devices and systems. Herein, graphene‐assisted hydrophilic–hydrophobic surface‐induced growth of Cs‐doped FAPbI3 perovskite films with well‐patterned shapes by a one‐step spin‐coating process is developed. Such a facile fabrication technique is compatible with a range of spin‐coated perovskite materials, perovskite manufacturing processes, and substrates. By employing this growing method, controllable perovskite photodetector arrays are realized, which have not only prominent photoresponse properties with a responsivity and specific detectivity of 4.8 AW−1 and 4.2 × 1012 Jones, respectively, but also relatively small pixel‐to‐pixel variation. Moreover, the photodetectors array can function as an effective visible light image sensor with a decent spatial resolution. Holding the above merits, the proposed technique provides a convenient and effective pathway for large‐scale preparation of patterned perovskite films for multifunctional application purposes.
General system theory (GST) and a non‐reductionist concept of elements: Suggesting a corresponding discussion based on Tramonti (2019)
Authors: Fröhlich Thomas
Published: April 2019

The excellent article of Tramonti follows a previous one from the same author, issuing the legacy of Gregory Bateson and suggesting an “ecology of psychotherapy”. It is concerned with another fundamental contributor to systems theory, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, and provides a sound basis for continued discussion of von Bertalanffy's general systems theory (GST). To encourage further research, this note is meant to initiate a discussion about a concept of elements that fundamentally differs from the one underpinned in GST and as also hypostasized in the Tramonti article.
The Influence of Microstructure on the Bendability of Direct Quenched Wear Resistant Steel
Authors: Kaijalainen Antti , Hautamäki Ilona , Kesti Vili , Pikkarainen Teppo , Tervo Henri , Mehtonen Saara , Porter David , Kömi Jukka
Published: April 2019

The influence of chemical composition and processing parameters on the microstructure and bendability of three thermomechanically rolled and direct‐quenched wear resistant steel plates is studied. Overall, the bendability of the steels is good, but there are exceptions that are given special attention. The prior austenite condition and final microstructure is evaluated with respect to subsurface hardness and bendability. The possible effect of inclusions on bendability is taken into account. Away from the surfaces, the samples consisted mainly of auto‐tempered martensite. Lowering the finishing rolling temperature (FRT) increased the total rolling reduction below the recrystallization temperature leading to pancaking of austenite and the formation of increasing fractions of polygonal ferrite (PF) and bainite near the plate surface together with an increased intensity of the shear texture component {112}<111>. Strength increased with increasing austenite pancaking provided the microstructure remained mostly martensitic. A homogeneous, largely martensitic microstructure extending across the plate thickness seemed to ensure good bendability. Microstructures that are inhomogeneous with respect to the hardness of the microconstituents, or highly ferritic, or microstructures with an intense {112}<111> shear texture component combined with elongated martensite‐austenite (MA) plates in the subsurface layers resulted in the largest minimum useable bending radii.
Seismic performance of pentagonal concrete‐filled steel tube megacolumns with different bottom constructions
Authors: Wu Haipeng , Cao Wanlin
Published: April 2019

The seismic performance of irregular pentagonal concrete‐filled steel tube (CFT) megacolumns is very different from that of circular or square CFT columns. Six irregular pentagonal CFT megacolumn specimens, with multiple cavities each, derived from a tall building are tested under constant axial compression and low lateral cyclic loading. The main studied parameters are the lateral loading directions and bottom cross‐section constructions. The types of constructions investigated are normal, corner‐steel‐angle strengthened and simplified discontinuous partial steel plate fabrications. The influence of the parameters on the failure mode, bearing capacity, elastic–plastic deformability, and energy dissipation is analysed. The failure features are fractures of the bottom steel plates caused by the bending force. Both the normal and the strengthened CFT columns exhibit better seismic performance than the simplified columns and have a 8.9%–34.7% greater bearing capacity and a 24.5%–42.2% stronger elastic deformability. Therefore, utilisation of the simplified CFT columns should be limited due to its weakened ductility and energy dissipation ability when using a steel ratio similar to those used for the other column types. Finally, a simplified strength model for an irregular pentagonal CFT megacolumn is proposed, and the resultant prediction is conservative but matches the test result well.
On a free frost‐point problem in non‐isothermal film casting
Authors: Ceci Shaun , Hagen Thomas
Published: April 2019

Film casting is an engineering process for the manufacture of thin sheets or films of polymeric melts. In this work, we study existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions for a standard membrane model of non‐isothermal film casting of viscous fluids. In contrast to previous work, our model assumes that the fluid film is cooled down and, as soon as it reaches its solidification temperature, freezes somewhere along the fluid curtain instead of at a fixed downstream position. Hence this model exhibits a free frost point which has to be found as part of the solution.

The questions of existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions are of fundamental importance for the quality of the model. They are studied for prescribed‐force and prescribed‐velocity boundary conditions. While the first type of boundary condition gives rise to a parameter range for the governing equations where – surprisingly – no solutions exist, the second type leads to a shooting problem and requires a separate uniqueness argument for solutions, akin to a comparison principle.
Japan’s Rejuvenation: Origins, Debates and Concepts
Authors: Teo Victor
Published: April 2019

This chapter provides a philosophical and historical context towards the understanding of how Japan has always strove to remain a nation-state par excellence in the tempestuous international relations of the region. Illustrating how the contradictory values of egalitarianism and quest for excellence are deeply engrained in Japanese thinking since late fifteenth century, the chapter outlines how these norms influence the strategy Japan has used in her historical international relations, particularly through her cultivation of the dominant hegemon of the day and her adaptive learning to fuel her consummate quest for exceptionalism. The chapter then maps out the central tenants of Japanese post war Conservatism that drives Japan’s normalization and rejuvenation today, and unpacks the principal mechanisms the neo-Conservatives had put in place to use this goals: (1) constitution; (2) Managing the US-Japan Alliance and (3) eroding the pervasive pacifism that is found in Japanese society. The chapter concludes by examining the ironical linkage on how Japanese democracy and historical revisionism may co-exist, and on how neo-Conservatism drives the paradoxes in Japanese politics and society today.
The Provision of International Public Goods: Japan’s Anti-Piracy Operations in the Gulf of Aden
Authors: Teo Victor
Published: April 2019

Compared with Japan’s cautious and incremental approach to other Middle East policy issues, the anti-piracy deployment is one of the most obvious and high profile deployments of the Japanese military to date. This chapter illustrates how the anti-piracy deployment has been positive as a whole for Japan’s rejuvenation as a global power, and demonstrates that it is entirely possible for China and Japan to collaborate and work together on security matters if there is no political intervention or competitive elements involved. Tokyo could consider working more with Beijing on other security projects beyond the Asia-Pacific (such as in the area of provision of international public goods) to foster more goodwill and confidence in their mutual bilateral relations. This would also help moderate the excesses of US unilateralism, paving the way for Japan to become the true and respected global political power that it so richly deserves to be.
Recalibrating Japan’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Teo Victor
Published: April 2019

The chapter provides a holistic analysis and assessment of Japan’s normalization and rejuvenation efforts by re-examining the three important pillars: constitutional revisionism, the renewed US-Japan alliance, and the erosion of pacifism and deployment of Japan’s military overseas. The chapter then assesses Japan’s rejuvenation from the vantage points of the US and China, as well as from the perspective of those within Japan who are opposed to the neo-conservatives in Japan. The chapter then concludes the book by offering some possible policy alternatives for scholars and policymakers working on Japanese foreign policy to consider in their work.
Collider and gravitational wave complementarity in exploring the singlet extension of the standard model
Authors: Alves Alexandre , Ghosh Tathagata , Guo Huai-Ke , Sinha Kuver , Vagie Daniel
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We present a dedicated complementarity study of gravitational wave and collider measurements of the simplest extension of the Higgs sector: the singlet scalar augmented Standard Model. We study the following issues: (i) the electroweak phase transition patterns admitted by the model, and the proportion of parameter space for each pattern; (ii) the regions of parameter space that give detectable gravitational waves at future space-based detectors; and (iii) the current and future collider measurements of di-Higgs production, as well as searches for a heavy weak diboson resonance, and how these searches interplay with regions of parameter space that exhibit strong gravitational wave signals. We carefully investigate the behavior of the normalized energy released during the phase transition as a function of the model parameters, address subtle issues pertaining to the bubble wall velocity, and provide a description of different fluid velocity profiles. On the collider side, we identify the subset of points that are most promising in terms of di-Higgs and weak diboson production studies while also giving detectable signals at LISA, setting the stage for future benchmark points that can be used by both communities.
Ice-shelf vibrations modeled by a full 3-D elastic model
Authors: Konovalov Yuri V.
Published: April 2019

Forced ice-shelf vibration modeling is performed using a full 3-D finite-difference elastic model, which also takes into account sub-ice seawater flow. The sea water flow is described by the wave equation. Ice-shelf flexure therefore results from hydrostatic pressure perturbations in the sub-ice seawater layer. Numerical experiments were undertaken for idealized rectangular ice-shelf geometry. The ice-plate vibrations were modeled for harmonic incoming pressure perturbations and for a wide range of incoming wave frequencies. The spectra showed distinct resonant peaks, which demonstrate the ability of the model to simulate a resonant-like motion. The spectra obtained by the full 3-D model are compared with exact solutions for the elastic thin plate with two fixed edges and two free edges. The spectra are also compared with the spectra modeled by the thin-plate Holdsworth and Glynn model (1978).
Changes in vascular accesses and in incidence rates of dialysis-related bloodstream infections in Québec, Canada, 2011–2017
Authors: Fortin Élise , Ouakki Manale , Tremblay Claude , Villeneuve Jasmin , Desmeules Simon , Parisien Natasha , Moisan Danielle , Frenette Charles ,   for SPIN-BAC-HD
Published: April 2019

Objective:

Surveillance of dialysis-related bloodstream infections (DRBSIs) has been mandatory in Québec since April 2011. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of DRBSIs in Québec.

Methods:

Cohort study of prevalent patients undergoing chronic dialysis in the 36 facilities that participated without interruption in the provincial surveillance, between April 2011 and March 2017. Two indicators were analyzed: proportion of patient months dialyzed using a fistula (a patient month is a 28-day cycle during which an individual patient received dialysis) and incidence rate of DRBSI. Binomial and Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations were used to describe the evolution of indicators over time and to quantify the association between facilities’ proportion of fistulas and their incidence rate.

Results:

Globally, 42.6% of all patient months were dialyzed using a fistula, but there was a statistically significant decrease over time (46.2% in 2011–2012 to 39.3% in 2016–2017). Despite this decline in the use of fistulas, rates of DRBSIs have also decreased, going from 0.38 DRBSIs per 100 patient months in 2011–2012 to 0.23 DRBSIs per 100 patient months in 2016–2017. No association was found between facility use of fistulas and the rate of DRBSI. At the individual level, however, the DRBSI rate was 4.12 times higher for patients using a catheter.

Conclusions:

In Québec, the rate of DRBSIs has decreased over a 6-year period despite an increasing proportion of patients dialyzed by catheter.
Land Tenure Systems at the Ancient Maya Site of Actuncan, Belize
Authors: LeCount Lisa J. , Walker Chester P. , Blitz John H. , Nelson Ted C.
Published: April 2019

A common property regime was established at the founding of the Maya site of Actuncan, Belize, in the Terminal Preclassic period (175 BC–AD 300), which governed access to land until the Terminal Classic period (AD 780–1000). This interpretation is based on urban settlement patterns documented through household excavation and remote-sensing programs. Excavations of all visible patio-focused groups in the urban core provided data to reconstruct residential histories, and a 60,621 m2gradiometer survey resulted in a magnetic gradient map that was used to document buried constructions. Twenty ground-truth testpits correlated types of magnetic signatures to buried patio-focused groups and smaller constructions, including walled plots in agricultural field systems that were later exposed more fully through large-scale excavations. Combined, these methods provided data to reconstruct four correlates of land tenure systems: (1) the spatial proximity of residential units to land and resources, (2) diachronic changes in community settlement patterns, (3) land subdivision and improvements, and (4) public goods. Spatial analyses documented that houselots did not cluster through time, but instead became gradually improved, lending evidence to suggest the transgenerational inheritance of property rights in the Late and Terminal Classic periods.
Further Notes on the Text of Seneca's De Beneficiis
Authors: Alexander W. H.
Published: April 2019

These suggestions for the betterment and elucidation of the text of the De Beneficiis are additional to those already published in the Classical Quarterly in January, 1934. They are based on a conviction much deepened since that time that Buck1 is right when he says: N (i.e. codex Nazarianus) allein, und zwar ohne seine Ueberarbeitungen von späteren Händen, darf die Grundlage des Textes von de beneficiis bilden. Préchac3, the latest critical editor in this field, substantially confirms Buck's sweeping conclusion by an independent survey of the evidence. The readings designated in the Teubner text3 as N2 and N3 are themselves conjectures, not readings drawn from independent sources of testimony, and as conjectures they must be judged. Gertz4 had long before discerned the truth even if he seemed somewhat cavalier in his attitude toward other manuscripts than N.
Performance and utilization of nutrients in dairy cows fed with sunflower meal
Authors: Oliveira A. S. , Campos J. M. S. , Ogunade I. M. , Caixeta D. S. , Viana E. P. , Alessi K. C.
Published: April 2019

Non-decorticated sunflower meal (SFM) is a potential protein source for dairy cows with high-fibre content but high ruminal degradability. The effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) and wheat middlings (WM) with SFM on the intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen utilization and milk production of dairy cows was evaluated. Twelve Holstein cows were blocked by days in milk and distributed in three 4 × 4 Latin squares. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and contained 550 g maize silage/kg dry matter (DM). Treatment diets were no SFM (CON) or 70, 140 and 210 g/kg DM of SFM replacing fixed mixture of SBM and WM (536 and 464 g/kg of the mixture, respectively). The inclusion of SFM in diet did not affect DM intake, but intake of rumen degradable protein increased linearly. Inclusion of SFM reduced or tended to reduce total-tract digestibility of non-fibre carbohydrate, total digestible nutrients and excretion of purine derivatives. Milk production, milk protein content and efficiency of nitrogen use for lactation were reduced with increasing levels of SFM in the diet. The use of non-decorticated SFM as a replacement for SBM–WM mixture in diet reduces performance and efficiency of nutrient use in lactating dairy cows. The outcome of the current study is attributed to reduced fibre digestibility in SFM hulls. Therefore, future studies should evaluate the use of decorticated SFM.
Linear theory of electron-plasma waves at arbitrary collisionality
Authors: Jorge R. , Ricci P. , Brunner S. , Gamba S. , Konovets V. , Loureiro N. F. , Perrone L. M. , Teixeira N.
Published: April 2019

The dynamics of electron-plasma waves is described at arbitrary collisionality by considering the full Coulomb collision operator. The description is based on a Hermite–Laguerre decomposition of the velocity dependence of the electron distribution function. The damping rate, frequency and eigenmode spectrum of electron-plasma waves are found as functions of the collision frequency and wavelength. A comparison is made between the collisionless Landau damping limit, the Lenard–Bernstein and Dougherty collision operators and the electron–ion collision operator, finding large deviations in the damping rates and eigenmode spectra. A purely damped entropy mode, characteristic of a plasma where pitch-angle scattering effects are dominant with respect to collisionless effects, is shown to emerge numerically, and its dispersion relation is analytically derived. It is shown that such a mode is absent when simplified collision operators are used, and that like-particle collisions strongly influence the damping rate of the entropy mode.
How should we understand the absence of sex differences in the genetic and environmental origins of antisocial behavior?
Authors: Burt S. Alexandra , Slawinski Brooke L. , Carsten E. Elisa , Harden K. Paige , Hyde Luke W. , Klump Kelly L.
Published: April 2019

Available twin-family data on sex differences in antisocial behavior (ASB) simultaneously suggest that ASB is far more prevalent in males than in females, and that its etiology (i.e. the effects of genes, environments, hormones, culture) does not differ across sex. This duality presents a conundrum: How do we make sense of mean sex differences in ASB if not via differences in genes, environments, hormones, and/or cultures? The current selective review and critique explores possible contributions to these seemingly incompatible sets of findings. We asked whether the presence of sex differences in behavior could be smaller than is typically assumed, or confined to a specific set of behaviors. We also asked whether there might be undetected differences in etiology across sex in twin-family studies. We found little evidence that bias or measurement invariance across sex account for phenotypic sex differences in ASB, but we did identify some key limitations to current twin-family approaches. These included the questionable ability of qualitative sex difference analyses to detect gender norms and prenatal exposure to testosterone, and concerns regarding specific analytic components of quantitative sex difference analyses. We conclude that the male preponderance in ASB is likely to reflect a true sex difference in observed behavior. It was less clear, however, that the genetic and environmental contributions to ASB are indeed identical across sex, as argued by prior twin-family studies. It is our hope that this review will inspire the development of new, genetically-informed methods for studying sex differences in etiology.
Autonomous Vehicular Landings on the Deck of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Polvara Riccardo , Sharma Sanjay , Wan Jian , Manning Andrew , Sutton Robert
Published: April 2019

Autonomous landing on the deck of a boat or an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) is the minimum requirement for increasing the autonomy of water monitoring missions. This paper introduces an end-to-end control technique based on deep reinforcement learning for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle on a visual marker located on the deck of a USV. The solution proposed consists of a hierarchy of Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) used as high-level navigation policies that address the two phases of the flight: the marker detection and the descending manoeuvre. Few technical improvements have been proposed to stabilize the learning process, such as the combination of vanilla and double DQNs, and a partitioned buffer replay. Simulated studies proved the robustness of the proposed algorithm against different perturbations acting on the marine vessel. The performances obtained are comparable with a state-of-the-art method based on template matching.
Amending Chinese Copyright Law to Fulfil Obligations under the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for the Print Disabled
Authors: Li Jingyi , Selvadurai Niloufer
Published: April 2019

Chinese copyright laws have not yet given sufficient consideration to copyright exceptions or limitations to facilitate access to copyright works for persons with a print disability. Now that China has become a signatory party of the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled, it would be significant if China could amend its copyright laws so as to end the “book famine” for a huge population with a print disability. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese copyright exceptions for the print disabled and propose amendment options for China's copyright law to ensure compliance with its signatory obligations. To this end, the paper provides an overarching examination of China's copyright exception arrangements for the print disabled, identifies the gap between Chinese copyright laws and the Marrakesh Treaty, and analyses previous proposals on copyright law reform.
A finitely generated variety of combinatorial inverse semigroups having uncountably many subvarieties
Authors: Kad'ourek Jiří
Published: April 2019

A finite combinatorial inverse semigroup Θ of moderate size is presented such that the variety of combinatorial inverse semigroups generated by Θ possesses the following properties. The lattice of all subvarieties of this variety has the cardinality of the continuum. Moreover, this semigroup Θ, and hence also the variety it generates and its subvarieties, all have E-unitary covers over any non-trivial variety of groups. This indicates that the mentioned uncountable sublattice appears quite near the bottom of the lattice of all varieties of combinatorial inverse semigroups.
Existence of stationary solutions with transition layers for a class of cross-diffusion systems
Authors: Wu Yaping
Published: April 2019

This paper is concerned with the existence of stationary solutions for some cross-diffusion systems with small parameters. Using a singular perturbation method, we prove the existence of stationary solutions with boundary and interior layers, which extends the results of Fife and Ito to the cross-diffusion cases.
New pathogenic variant ofBMPR2in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Kong Qingyu , Zhao Cuifen , Cai Zhifeng , Wang Minmin
Published: April 2019

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variant frequency of pulmonary arterial hypertension-related genes and provide theoretical basis for genetic screening of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension further.

Methods:

Ten genes associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension were sequenced in 7 cases of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and 34 cases of congenital heart disease (CHD) associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension by next-generation high-throughput sequencing. Function prediction and gene variant amino acid conservation were carried out by bioinformatics software. Family study was performed on the patients with the variant.

Results:

A new bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2(BMPR2) variant (c.344T>C, p. F115S) was discovered in a girl who was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Her second aunt and third aunt carried the same variant and were confirmed as patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension as well. No variants or single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in other pulmonary arterial hypertension-associated genes.

Conclusions:

BMPR2variant is the most common variant of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Genetic screening ofBMPR2variant and family survey in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension is suggested for the sake of definite cause and better treatment.
Anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery from the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva
Authors: Doshi Arpan R. , Opfer Erin K. , Forsha Daniel
Published: April 2019

We report a rare case of anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery from the posterior/non-coronary sinus of Valsalva in a 9-year-old male diagnosed during the workup of premature ventricular contractions. The finding was initially noted on transthoracic echocardiogram and further confirmed with computed tomography. The anomalous coronary artery shows a wide ostium with no intramural or interarterial course.
Pulmonary artery wall thickness in children with Fontan physiology: an optical coherence tomography case control study
Authors: McGovern Eimear , Voss Christine , Brunner Nathan W. , Duncombe Stephanie , Harris Kevin C. , Hosking Martin H.
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Failure of the Fontan circulation is not a well-understood clinical phenomena.For some patients, a gradual increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and structural changes in the pulmonary artery may be an important causative factor. To further investigate this issue, we employed optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate structural changes within the pulmonary arteries of Fontan patients and compared to those with a normal pulmonary circulation.

Materials and Methods:

Pulmonary artery OCT was performed, without complications, in 12 Fontan and 11 control patients. Wall thickness and wall:vessel cross-sectional area (CSA) ratio were calculated after image acquisition, using digital planimetry.

Results:

There was no difference in wall thickness between both groups. Median wall thickness for Fontan patients was 0.12 mm (IQR, 0.10–0.14) and for controls was 0.11 mm (IQR, 0.10–0.12; p = 0.62). Wall:vessel CSA ratio for Fontan patients was 0.13 (IQR, 0.12–0.16) and for controls was 0.13 (IQR, 0.11–0.15) (p = 0.73). There was no association between wall thickness and ventricle morphology, age at catheterisation, age at Fontan, years since Fontan completion, pulmonary artery pressure, and PVR. The vessel media was more readily visualised in control patients.

Discussion:

OCT of the pulmonary arteries in Fontan patients is safe and feasible. Our OCT findings suggest that during childhood, pulmonary artery wall dimensions are normal in Fontan children with reassuring hemodynamics. Further evaluation of Fontan patients with abnormal hemodynamics and serial evaluation into adulthood are required to conclude on the utility of OCT for identifying early pulmonary artery structural changes.
SIMPLICITY OF CROSSED PRODUCTS BY TWISTED PARTIAL ACTIONS
Authors: BARAVIERA ALEXANDRE , CORTES WAGNER , SOARES MARLON
Published: April 2019

In this article, we consider a twisted partial action $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ of a group $G$ on an associative ring $R$ and its associated partial crossed product $R\ast _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}^{w}G$. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the commutativity of $R\ast _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}^{w}G$ when the twisted partial action $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ is unital. Moreover, we study necessary and sufficient conditions for the simplicity of $R\ast _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}^{w}G$ in the following cases: (i) $G$ is abelian; (ii) $R$ is maximal commutative in $R\ast _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}^{w}G$; (iii) $C_{R\ast _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}^{w}G}(Z(R))$ is simple; (iv) $G$ is hypercentral. When $R=C_{0}(X)$ is the algebra of continuous functions defined on a locally compact and Hausdorff space $X$, with complex values that vanish at infinity, and $C_{0}(X)\ast _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}G$ is the associated partial skew group ring of a partial action $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ of a topological group $G$ on $C_{0}(X)$, we study the simplicity of $C_{0}(X)\ast _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}G$ by using topological properties of $X$ and the results about the simplicity of $R\ast _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}^{w}G$.
Circular polarization realization in array antennas by a modified sequential phase feeding mechanism of linearly polarized elements
Authors: Haghshenas A. , Ghobadi CH. , Nourinia J. , Majidzadeh M. , Mohammadi-Asl S.
Published: April 2019

Novel designs of a circularly polarized 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 slot array antennas (CPSAAs) are proposed. Sequential phase feed network composed of a section of 270° and four strips is utilized to feed the array structures. Array elements are simple linearly polarized wide slot antennas (WSAs) composed of simple radiating patches with truncation on four corners and slotted ground plane on substrate backside. Each WSA operates over the UWB frequency band of 3.1–10.6 GHz. When the WSAs are arranged in the form of 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 CPSAAs, frequency bands of 3–13.1 and 1.4–12.3 GHz are covered, respectively. More importantly, CP is generated at 4.5–8 and 4.6–8.8 GHz for 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 CPSAAs, respectively. This is while; the WSAs are linearly polarized elements. Higher gain values and wider bandwidths are obtained with respect to single WSA. Design process and performance analysis of the single and array antennas are discussed through the paper.
Wirrnis der Unterrichtsmethoden: Konzeptuelle Probleme der unterrichtlichen Lehr-Lernforschung
Authors: Arnold Karl-Heinz
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. Unterrichtsforschung im Rahmen der Pädagogischen Psychologie richtet sich primär auf die Frage der Lernwirksamkeit des Unterrichtsangebots und sekundär auf die unterrichtliches Lernen auch beeinflussenden Mediator- und Kontextvariablen. Im Unterschied zur Allgemeinen Didaktik und den Fachdidaktiken ist jedoch der Gegenstandsbereich auf die Unterrichtmethoden und -medien begrenzt und umfasst somit keine Inhalts- und Zielentscheidungen. Umso mehr erstaunt die vorgelegte Analyse der einschlägigen internationalen und deutschsprachigen Standardwerke bzw. Lehrbücher der Pädagogischen Psychologie, denn darin ist weder eine hinreichend übereinstimmende noch begriffssystematisch geordnete Definition und Klassifikation von Unterrichtsmethoden zu finden. Vorgeschlagen wird, Unterrichtsmethoden von Aufgaben zu unterscheiden und beiden Lehrhandlungen zu subsumieren. Unsinnige Empfehlungen wie „Methodenvielfalt“ können dann aufgegeben und unzureichend durchdachte Neuschöpfungen wie „Kognitive Aktivierung“ einer sorgfältigen Reanalyse zugeführt werden.
Die Entwicklung von Kindern mit umfassenden Lernschwierigkeiten im Verlauf der Grundschuljahre – Schulleistungen, Arbeitsgedächtnis, phonologische Informationsverarbeitung und Selbstkonzept
Authors: Skowronek Merle , Schuchardt Kirsten , Mähler Claudia
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. Kinder mit Lernschwierigkeiten in der Schriftsprache oder im Rechnen weisen kognitive Defizite auf, welche sich primär auf die schulischen Erfolge auswirken und ferner mit einem schwachen schulischen Selbstkonzept einhergehen. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht der Frage nach, wie sich die Entwicklung der Schulleistungen, des schulischen Selbstkonzepts sowie die Entwicklung zugrundeliegender kognitiver Funktionen (Arbeitsgedächtnisfunktionen nach Baddeley und Hitch (1974) sowie weitere Merkmale der phonologischen Informationsverarbeitung nach Wagner und Torgesen (1987) ) von Kindern mit Lernschwierigkeiten von denen ohne Auffälligkeiten unterscheiden. Dazu wurden in einer Längsschnittstudie über einen Zeitraum von 2 Jahren Grundschulkinder (zu Beginn 8;9 Jahre alt) mit (a) einer Kombinierten Störung schulischer Fertigkeiten bei mindestens durchschnittlicher Intelligenz ( n = 30, IQ ≥ 85) mit (b) Lernschwierigkeiten und unterdurchschnittlicher Intelligenz im Rahmen einer Lernbehinderung ( n = 15, IQ < 85) und mit (c) lernunauffälligen und mindestens durchschnittlich intelligenten Grundschulkindern ( n = 55, IQ ≥ 85) verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die schulischen Defizite bei beiden Gruppen mit Lernschwierigkeiten zeitlich stabil bestehen blieben. Bezüglich aller Komponenten der kognitiven Funktionen und der Entwicklung des schulischen Selbstkonzepts konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Lernstörungsgruppen gefunden werden, jedoch unterscheiden sich beide Gruppen signifikant von der Kontrollgruppe. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Ergebnisse wird diskutiert, inwiefern es sich hier um eine homogene Lernstörungsgruppe handelt.
Penetration of Bomb 14C Into the Deepest Ocean Trench
Authors: Wang Ning , Shen Chengde , Sun Weidong , Ding Ping , Zhu Sanyuan , Yi Weixi , Yu Zhiqiang , Sha Zhongli , Mi Mei , He Lisheng , Fang Jiasong , Liu Kexin , Xu Xiaomei , Druffel Ellen R.M.
Published: April 2019

The food source of hadal endemic fauna provides an insight into the carbon cycle in trenches and a biological adaptation to the impoverished and harsh trench environment. Here, we present the first Δ14C results of hadal amphipods from three trenches in the Pacific to define the organic matter source in these remote ecosystems. Amphipod muscle tissues contain a bomb 14C signature (Δ14C from 10 ± 2‰ to 65 ± 2‰), thereby revealing a dietary preference for labile and fresh organic matter derived from the surface water. Thus, the carbon cycle in the deepest ocean trench has a tight linkage with the surface ocean via the food chain. The bomb 14C dating result suggests that hadal amphipods have a low tissue turnover rate and an unexpectedly long lifetime (>10 years), at more than 4 times higher than the common longevity (~2 years) of amphipods in shallow waters.
Alaska Daily Extreme Precipitation Processes in a Subset of CMIP5 Global Climate Models
Authors: Smalley Kevin M. , Glisan Justin M. , Gutowski William J.
Published: April 2019

We analyze physical processes leading to daily wintertime (December, January, and February) extreme precipitation events in Alaska between 1986 and 2005. This is done by applying self‐organizing maps to environmental conditions corresponding to National Centers for Environmental Information precipitation, using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA‐Interim) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) global climate selected Global climate model (GCM; selected GCMs). We focus on widespread extreme events, defined as the top 0.1% of daily precipitation occurring on at least six grid boxes on the same day. The self‐organizing maps methodology allows identifying large‐scale circulations conducive to extreme events. This methodology identifies distinctive circulation patterns conducive to producing extreme events with a trough west of Alaska leading to south or southwest flow across the state. Extreme events occur along the windward (southern) side of the Alaska Range due to uplift by the mountains in the ERA‐Interim and in all models. In the National Centers for Environmental Information observations, precipitation rates are greater than in any of the selected GCMs. Simulated extreme precipitation decreases as model resolution decreases, and our study suggests that the smoothness of model topography is a reason for the scaling between model precipitation rate and model resolution.
An Odd Oxygen Framework for Wintertime Ammonium Nitrate Aerosol Pollution in Urban Areas: NOx and VOC Control as Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Womack C. C. , McDuffie E. E. , Edwards P. M. , Bares R. , de Gouw J. A. , Docherty K. S. , Dubé W. P. , Fibiger D. L. , Franchin A. , Gilman J. B. , Goldberger L. , Lee B. H. , Lin J. C. , Long R. , Middlebrook A. M. , Millet D. B. , Moravek A. , Murphy J. G. , Quinn P. K. , Riedel T. P. , Roberts J. M. , Thornton J. A. , Valin L. C. , Veres P. R. , Whitehill A. R. , Wild R. J. , Warneke C. , Yuan B. , Baasandorj M. , Brown S. S.
Published: April 2019

Wintertime ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution is a severe air quality issue affecting both developed and rapidly urbanizing regions from Europe to East Asia. In the United States, it is acute in western basins subject to inversions that confine pollutants near the surface. Measurements and modeling of a wintertime pollution episode in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, demonstrate that ammonium nitrate is closely related to photochemical ozone through a common parameter, total odd oxygen, Ox,total. We show that the traditional nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compound (NOx‐VOC) framework for evaluating ozone mitigation strategies also applies to ammonium nitrate. Despite being nitrate‐limited, ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution in Salt Lake Valley is responsive to VOCs control and, counterintuitively, not initially responsive to NOx control. We demonstrate simultaneous nitrate limitation and NOx saturation and suggest this phenomenon may be general. This finding may identify an unrecognized control strategy to address a global public health issue in regions with severe winter aerosol pollution.
Ferrovolcanism: Iron Volcanism on Metallic Asteroids
Authors: Abrahams Jacob N. H. , Nimmo Francis
Published: April 2019

Metallic asteroids, the exposed cores of disrupted planetesimals, are expected to have been exposed while still molten. Some would have cooled from the outside in, crystallizing a surface crust which would then grow inward. Because the growing crust is expected to be more dense than the underlying melt, this melt will tend to migrate toward the surface whenever it is able. Compressional stresses produced in the crust while it cools will be relieved locally by thrust faulting, which will also provide potential conduits for melt to reach the surface. We predict iron volcanism to have occurred on metallic asteroids as they cooled and discuss the implications of this process for both the evolution and the modern appearance of these bodies.
Genetic and environmental sources of familial coaggregation of obsessive−compulsive disorder and suicidal behavior: a population-based birth cohort and family study
Authors: Sidorchuk Anna , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Runeson Bo , Lichtenstein Paul , Larsson Henrik , Rück Christian , D’Onofrio Brian M , Mataix-Cols David , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena
Published: April 2019

Obsessive−compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with high risk of suicide. It is yet unknown whether OCD and suicidal behaviors coaggregate in families and, if so, what are the mechanisms underlying this coaggregation. In a population-based birth cohort and family study, we linked individuals born in Sweden in 1967–2003 (n = 3,594,181) to their parents, siblings, and cousins, and collected register-based diagnoses of OCD, suicide attempts, and deaths by suicide and followed them until December 31, 2013. We also applied quantitative genetic modeling to estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the familial coaggregation of OCD and suicidal behavior. An elevated risk of suicide attempts was observed across all relatives of individuals with OCD, increasing proportionally to the degree of genetic relatedness, with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49–1.63) in parents to 1.11 (95% CI 1.07–1.16) in cousins. The risk of death by suicide also increased alongside narrowing genetic distance, but was only significant in parents (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.40–1.72) and full siblings (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.43–2.26) of individuals with OCD. Familial coaggregation of OCD and suicide attempts was explained by additive genetic factors (60.7%) and non-shared environment (40.4%), with negligible contribution of shared environment. Similarly, familial coaggregation with death by suicide was attributed to additive genetics (65.8%) and nonshared environment (34.2%). Collectively, these observations indicate that OCD and suicidal behaviors coaggregate in families largely due to genetic factors. The contribution of unique environment is also considerable, providing opportunities to target high-risk groups for prevention and treatment.
Insights into ecological role of a new deltaproteobacterial order Candidatus Acidulodesulfobacterales by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics
Authors: Tan Sha , Liu Jun , Fang Yun , Hedlund Brian P , Lian Zheng-Han , Huang Li-Ying , Li Jin-Tian , Huang Li-Nan , Li Wen-Jun , Jiang Hong-Chen , Dong Hai-Liang , Shu Wen-Sheng
Published: April 2019

Several abundant but yet uncultivated bacterial groups exist in extreme iron- and sulfur-rich environments, and the physiology, biodiversity, and ecological roles of these bacteria remain a mystery. Here we retrieved four metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from an artificial acid mine drainage (AMD) system, and propose they belong to a new deltaproteobacterial order, Candidatus Acidulodesulfobacterales. The distribution pattern of Ca. Acidulodesulfobacterales in AMDs across Southeast China correlated strongly with ferrous iron. Reconstructed metabolic pathways and gene expression profiles showed that they were likely facultatively anaerobic autotrophs capable of nitrogen fixation. In addition to dissimilatory sulfate reduction, encoded by dsrAB, dsrD, dsrL, and dsrEFH genes, these microorganisms might also oxidize sulfide, depending on oxygen concentration and/or oxidation reduction potential. Several genes with homology to those involved in iron metabolism were also identified, suggesting their potential role in iron cycling. In addition, the expression of abundant resistance genes revealed the mechanisms of adaptation and response to the extreme environmental stresses endured by these organisms in the AMD environment. These findings shed light on the distribution, diversity, and potential ecological role of the new order Ca. Acidulodesulfobacterales in nature.
Quantitative optical assessment of photonic and electronic properties in halide perovskite
Authors: Bercegol Adrien , Ory Daniel , Suchet Daniel , Cacovich Stefania , Fournier Olivier , Rousset Jean , Lombez Laurent
Published: April 2019

The development of high efficiency solar cells relies on the management of electronic and optical properties that need to be accurately measured. As the conversion efficiencies increase, there is a concomitant electronic and photonic contribution that affects the overall performances. Here we show an optical method to quantify several transport properties of semiconducting materials and the use of multidimensional imaging techniques allows decoupling and quantifying the electronic and photonic contributions. Example of application is shown on halide perovskite thin film for which a large range of transport properties is given in the literature. We therefore optically measure pure carrier diffusion properties and evidence the contribution of optical effects such as the photon recycling as well as the photon propagation where emitted light is laterally transported without being reabsorbed. This latter effect has to be considered to avoid overestimated transport properties such as carrier mobility, diffusion length or diffusion coefficient.
Multiplexed Cas9 targeting reveals genomic location effects and gRNA-based staggered breaks influencing mutation efficiency
Authors: Gisler Santiago , Gonçalves Joana P. , Akhtar Waseem , de Jong Johann , Pindyurin Alexey V. , Wessels Lodewyk F. A. , van Lohuizen Maarten
Published: April 2019

Understanding the impact of guide RNA (gRNA) and genomic locus on CRISPR-Cas9 activity is crucial to design effective gene editing assays. However, it is challenging to profile Cas9 activity in the endogenous cellular environment. Here we leverage our TRIP technology to integrate ~ 1k barcoded reporter genes in the genomes of mouse embryonic stem cells. We target the integrated reporters (IRs) using RNA-guided Cas9 and characterize induced mutations by sequencing. We report that gRNA-sequence and IR locus explain most variation in mutation efficiency. Predominant insertions of a gRNA-specific nucleotide are consistent with template-dependent repair of staggered DNA ends with 1-bp 5′ overhangs. We confirm that such staggered ends are induced by Cas9 in mouse pre-B cells. To explain observed insertions, we propose a model generating primarily blunt and occasionally staggered DNA ends. Mutation patterns indicate that gRNA-sequence controls the fraction of staggered ends, which could be used to optimize Cas9-based insertion efficiency.
Investigating underlying mechanism in spectral narrowing phenomenon induced by microcavity in organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Miaosheng , Lin Jie , Hsiao Yu-Che , Liu Xingyuan , Hu Bin
Published: April 2019

This paper reports our experimental studies on the underlying mechanism responsible for electroluminescence spectral narrowing phenomenon in the cavity-based organic light-emitting diodes. It is found that the microcavity generates an emerging phenomenon: a magneto-photoluminescence signal in Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) polymer under photoexcitation, which is completely absent when microcavity is not used. This provides an evidence that microcavity leads to the formation of spatially extended states, functioning as the intermediate states prior to the formation of Frenkel excitons in organic materials. This is confirmed by the magneto-electroluminescence solely observed from the cavity-based light-emitting diodes under electrical injection. Furthermore, the narrowed electroluminescence output shows a linear polarization, concurrently occurred with magneto-electroluminescence. This indicates that the spatially extended sates become aligned towards forming coherent light-emitting excitons within the microcavity through optical resonance. Clearly, the spatially extended states present the necessary condition to realize electroluminescence spectral narrowing phenomenon towards lasing actions in cavity-based organic light-emitting diodes.