bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of High Strain Rate Indentation-Induced Deformations in Al2O3/SiCp Composite Ceramics
Authors: Gao Yuan Fei , Si Zhao Xia , Wang Xiao Yan , Zhao Meng Yu
Published: July 2020

Al2O3/SiCp composite ceramics with 2 vol%, 5 vol% and 10 vol% SiC nanoparticles additions were hot pressed at 1650 °C. The polished ceramic discs were prepared and indented at high strain rate using a compressed gas gun with tiny tungsten carbide bullets. The microstructure and mechanical properties were obtained to explain the dynamic deformation behavior of Al2O3/SiCp ceramics. Cr3+ fluorescence mapping was used to examine the residual stress and plastic deformation induced on the surface of each target. The residual compressive stress area around the crater was evenly distributed, while the greatest plastic deformation was found at the hitting point of the bullet tip. It can be calculated that the high temperature of 1400K may be produced at the instant of the bullet impact and result in large plastic deformation region and low residual stress of the Al2O3/SiCp ceramic.
Effect of Chromium on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Fe-Cr-C Hardfacing Alloys
Authors: Jin Xin , Chen Bo , Feng Kun
Published: July 2020

In this paper, Fe-Cr-C hardfacing alloys with different chromium contents (7.5, 15, 20 and 32wt%, respectively) were deposited by PTA welding. Influence of Cr content on the hardfacing alloys was revealed by analyzing the microstructure, microhardness and wear behavior. The results showed that the primary phase changed from M3C to M7C3, and the eutectic phase changed from M7C3 to M23C6 with the addition of Cr content. The Cr content had a great influence on the hardness of the alloy. The higher the Cr content, the higher the hardness. The abrasiveness of the alloy was closely related to the Cr content. The wear resistance of the alloy increased with the addition of Cr content.
Thermal Behavior Analysis of Melamine Modified Urea-Formaldehyde Resin with Different Molar Ratios
Authors: Xu Shan Feng , Xia San Shan , Chen Yu Zhu , Xiao Hui , Jing Ming Wei , Feng Qiao Ling
Published: July 2020

In this study, Thermogravimetry (TG) were used to analyze thermal degradation properties of two kinds of low-molar ratio of the melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF). The MUF was calculated using Kissinger equation and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa equation Resin pyrolysis activation energy. The results showed that the curing time of low mole was longer than that of MUF resin (muf-b), the content of free formaldehyde was lower, and the formaldehyde emission and wet bonding strength of plywood were reduced by 65.79% and 21.90%, respectively. TG test showed that the pyrolysis process of MUF resins with different molar ratios can be divided into three stages: dehydration, rapid pyrolysis and carbonization. At the same heating rate, the weight loss rate, peak conversion rate and carbon residue of the high molar ratio MUF resin (MUF-a) in the fast pyrolysis stage are larger than those of the MUF-b resin. The MUF-a resin pyrolysis activation energy is 166.76 kJ/mol, and the MUF-b resin pyrolysis activation energy is 95.30 kJ/mol. High molar ratio resin has higher pyrolysis activation energy and better thermal stability.
Research on Multifunctional Characteristics and Application of Ultralight Porous Metal Materials Based on Structured
Authors: Du Qi Fei , Huai Xu Guo
Published: July 2020

With the continuous development of Chinese science and technology, structured ultra-light porous metal materials are a new type of multifunctional materials that have emerged with the increasing demand for diverse materials preparation and machining technologies in recent years. New topics in feature and performance research. In the field of material manufacturing and machining, ultra-light porous metal materials have appeared. Ultralight porous metal materials have many functional characteristics. As a new type of material that is different from dense materials, porous metal materials are the first to explain the concept of ultralight porous metal materials and the functional characteristics of ultralight porous metal materials. Analysis, and finally the specific application of ultralight porous metal materials is studied. Structured ultralight porous metals are a multifunctional engineering material with excellent performance, have good application prospects, and have become the focus of attention and research.
Activation of Human Vδ2+ γδ T Cells by Staphylococcus aureus Promotes Enhanced Anti-Staphylococcal Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Cooper Andrew J. R. , Lalor Stephen J. , McLoughlin Rachel M.
Published: July 2020

Murine studies have shown the potential for γδ T cells to mediate immunity to Staphylococcus aureus in multiple tissue settings by the secretion of diverse cytokines. However, the role played by γδ T cells in human immune responses to S. aureus is almost entirely unknown. In this study, we establish the capacity of human Vδ2+ γδ T cells for rapid activation in response to S. aureus. In coculture with S. aureus–infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), Vδ2+ cells derived from peripheral blood rapidly upregulate CD69 and secrete high levels of IFN-γ. DCs mediate this response through direct contact and IL-12 secretion. In turn, IFN-γ released by Vδ2+ cells upregulates IL-12 secretion by DCs in a positive feedback loop. Furthermore, coculture with γδ T cells results in heightened expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 and the lymph node homing molecule CCR7 on S. aureus–infected DCs. In cocultures of CD4+ T cells with S. aureus–infected DCs, the addition of γδ T cells results in heightened CD4+ T cell activation. Our findings identify γδ T cells as potential key players in the early host response to S. aureus during bloodstream infection, promoting enhanced responses by both innate and adaptive immune cell populations, and support their consideration in the development of host-directed anti–S. aureus treatments.
Level of selected heavy metals in some commercially available cosmetic products in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Ndoile Monica Mbaraka
Published: July 2020

The study was conducted in order to assess heavy metal content in some commercially available cosmetics products that are manufactured in United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), India and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Face creams, beauty soaps, lipsticks and body lotions from the mentioned countries were purchased from local markets in Dar es Salaam and analytical procedures were employed to determine the contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The results showed that lipstick samples contained the highest Pb at 23.36 µg/g, Cd at 23.30 µg/g and Cu at 22.91 µg/g. The highest concentrations in the beauty soap samples showed 21.99 µg/g Pb, 0.98 µg/g Cd and 18.8 µg/g Cu. Face cream samples contained the least contents of Pb at 6.52 µg/g, Cd at 0.16 µg/g, and Cu at 3.75 µg/g. In body lotions, no Pb and Cd were detected; in contrast, the contents of Cu was high (up to 1.4 µg/g). The products evaluated contained toxic heavy metals, though, not at an alarming concentration. Further research and analysis on the health risks of these products is proposed and extreme attention must be given to heavy metals during manufacture.
Study of Ischemia Modified Albumin as New Potential Diagnostic Biomarker In Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: Dr. Dhananjay V. Andure  , Dr. Sangita. M. Patil  , Dr. M. P. Bankar  , Dr. R. K. Padalkar  , Dr. A. P. Pathak
Published: July 2020

Background: Because of the varied presentation and associated high mortality the identification of patients with acute myocardial infarction is very critical for the patient management and has a bearing on the prognosis. Only about 22% patients admitted to cardiac care centers with chest pain having truly myocardial infarction. Aim: The goal of present study was to assess diagnostic value of serum ischemia modified albumin and compare it with sensitive cardiac troponin I and Creatine Kinase-MB in acute myocardial infarction. Methods: A diagnostic case control study was conducted on 102 patients presenting to the Emergency Department within 6 hrs of acute chest pain and 115 healthy age and sex matched volunteers formed the control group. Serum ischemia modified albumin level was estimated by albumin cobalt binding test using digital spectrophotometer, while troponin I was measured by immunofluroscence assay and creatine Kinase-MB was determined by immunoinhibition method.  The sensitivity and specificity of ischemia modified albumin, troponin I and creatine kinase-MB for detection of acute myocardial infarction were analyzed. The results of ischemia modified albumin, troponin I and creatine kinase-MB alone and in combination were correlated. Results: Ischemia modified albumin (p<0.05) and troponin I (p<0.001) concentrations were significantly higher in acute myocardial infarction than healthy controls. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ischemia modified albumin for detection of acute myocardial infarction was 88.24%, 93.91%, 92.78% and 90.00% compared to 86.27%, 93.04%, 91.67% and 88.43% respectively for the troponin I and 78.43%, 100%, 100%, and 83.94% for creatine kinase-MB. Combined use of ischemia modified albumin, troponin I, creatine kinase-MB significantly enhanced the sensitivity to 96%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of ischemia modified albumin in acute myocardial infarction was 0.90. Conclusion: Ischemia modified albumin is a new potential diagnostic biomarker used together with other gold standard cardiac biomarkers can improve early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.
Hermeneutika Alkitab Dalam Sejarah: Prinsip Penafsiran Alkitab Dari Masa ke Masa
Authors: Verdianto Yohanes
Published: July 2020

The practice of hermeneutics has become an inseparable part of human history. Hermeneutics as human activity arises from the need to interpret thoughts or texts written by others. A historical search reveals that there have been some changes in the principles of biblical hermeneutics. This paper aims to find out what are the principles of hermeneutics that developed from the early church up to the postmodern era. This paper is a historical approach using documentary research method. The results of this study state that there are at least three principles of biblical interpretation from the early church to postmodern times. First, the literal hermeneutics of the Bible was agreed upon by all early church Fathers, although contextual, grammatical, and historical interpretation of the Bible was emphasized by two church Fathers, namely Theodore and Chrysostom. This literal hermeneutics was used until the reform era. Second, modern hermeneutics refers to reason rather than the literal principle. This is the emerge of hermeneutics of relativism which bases truth on the senses and reasons. This principle agrees the application of rationalism to the Bible which leads to historical-critical. Third, contemporary (postmodern) hermeneutics is more towards a process of understanding that is temporary. This means that understanding has no clear boundaries, and that interpreters cannot reach a fully certain understanding. Thus, contemporary biblical hermeneutics is full of subjectivism, relativism, pluralism and is temporary.
LA COMPETITIVIDAD Y EL CRECIMIENTO EMPRESARIAL EN PYMES MANUFACTURERAS ¿ESTÁN RELACIONADOS?
Authors: CRUZ DORIE , PEREZ CASTAÑEDA SULY SENDY , SAUZA ÁVILA BEATRIZ , Lechuga Canto Claudia Beatriz
Published: July 2020

Se presentan resultados del estudio de 32 PYMES manufactureras de Cd. Sahagún, Hgo., con más de 5 años de existencia, dichos resultados son obtenidos después de haber realizado un análisis descriptivo, correlacional por medio de la estadística inferencial y utilizando el método de Spearman. El presente trabajo únicamente presenta los resultados obtenidos en relación a competitividad y crecimiento empresarial y se analizaron 7 indicadores de competitividad y 9 de crecimiento empresarial, obteniendo el nivel de correlación entre ambos indicadores, determinando que indicadores tiene mayor representatividad e impacto, lo que permitió generar una propuesta como reforzamiento a las empresas sujetas a estudio.
El SÍNDROME DE BURNOUT Y SU REPERCUSIÓN CON LA CALIDAD DE VIDA DE LOS TRABAJADORES EN ORGANIZACIONES DE LA REGIÓN CIÉNEGA DE JALISCO
Authors: VILLASANO JAIN MARÍA LUISA , Gonzalez Montes de oca Montserrat , Ochoa Cedeño Ma. De Los Ángeles , Colin Herrera Maria Susana
Published: July 2020

La investigación se realizó en dos empresas de la zona Ciénega, objetivo: Identificar la repercusión entre el síndrome de burnout y calidad de vida de los trabajadores en las organizaciones de la Región Ciénega. El tipo de investigación: cuantitativa, no experimental descriptiva, se utiliza un instrumento validado como cuestionario para la evaluación del estrés – tercera versión WhoQol Bref (calidad de vida, OMS). De acuerdo a resultados, la demanda laboral conlleva a que los colaboradores permanezcan horas extras, lo anterior implica un arduo esfuerzo psicológico, emocional y físico, afectando en la vida personal, repercutiendo en el bienestar emocional del mismo.
Bioavailable Soil and Rock Strontium Isotope Data from Israel
Authors: Moffat Ian , Rudd Rachel , Willmes Malte , Mortimer Graham , Kinsley Les , McMorrow Linda , Armstrong Richard , Aubert Maxime , Grün Rainer
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of biogenic carbonates such as bones and teeth reflect the local sources of strontium ingested as food and drink during their formation. This has led to the use of strontium isotope ratios as a geochemical tracer in a wide range of fields including archaeology, ecology, food studies and forensic sciences. In order to utilise strontium as a geochemical tracer, baseline data of bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in the region of interest is required, and a growing number of studies have developed reference maps for this purpose in various geographic regions, and over varying scales. This study presents a new data set of bioavailable strontium isotope ratios across Israel, from rock and soil samples. This data set may be viewed and accessed both in an Open Science Framework repository (doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/XKJ5Y (Moffat et al., 2020)) or via the IRHUM (Isotopic Reconstruction of Human Migration) database (Willmes et al. 2014).
Soil dielectric characterization at L-band microwave frequencies during freeze-thaw transitions
Authors: Mavrovic Alex , Pardo Lara Renato , Berg Aaron , Demontoux François , Royer Alain , Roy Alexandre
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Soil microwave permittivity is a crucial parameter in passive microwave retrieval algorithms but remains a challenging variable to measure. To validate and improve satellite microwave data products, precise and reliable estimations of the relative permittivity (ɛr = ɛ / ɛ0 = ɛ’ - jɛ’’; unitless) of soils are required, particularly for frozen soils. In this study, permittivity measurements were acquired using two different instruments: the newly designed open-ended coaxial probe (OECP) and the conventional Stevens HydraProbe. Both instruments were used to characterize the permittivity of soil samples undergoing several freeze/thaw cycles in a laboratory environment. The measurements were compared to soil permittivity models. We show that the OECP is a suitable device for measuring frozen (ɛ’frozen = [3.5;6.0], ɛ’’frozen = [0.4;1.2]) and thawed (ɛ’thawed = [6.5;22.8], ɛ’’thawed = [1.4;5.7]) soil microwave permittivity. We also demonstrate that cheaper and widespread soil permittivity probes operating at lower frequencies (i.e. Stevens HydraProbe) can be used to estimate microwave permittivity given proper calibration relative to an L-band (1–2 GHz) probe. This study also highlighted the need to improve dielectric soil models, particularly during freeze/thaw transitions. There are still important discrepancies between in situ and modelled estimates and no current model accounts for the hysteresis effect shown between freezing and thawing processes which could have a significant impact on freeze/thaw detection from satellites.
A glimpse into the future of exposure and vulnerabilities in cities? Modelling of residential location choice of urban population with random forest
Authors: Scheuer Sebastian , Haase Dagmar , Haase Annegret , Wolff Manuel , Wellmann Thilo
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Disaster risk is conceived as the interaction of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Especially in urban environments, exposure and vulnerability are highly dynamic risk components, both being shaped by a complex and continuous reorganization and redistribution of assets within the urban space, including the residence of urban dwellers. This case study for the city of Leipzig, Germany, proposes an indirect, machine learning-based approach for the prediction of residential choice behaviour to explore how exposure and vulnerabilities are shaped by the residential location choice process. The proposed approach reveals hot spots and cold spots of residential choice for distinct socioeconomic groups exhibiting heterogeneous preferences. We discuss the relationship between observed patterns and disaster risk through the lens of exposure and vulnerability, as well as links to urban planning. Avenues for future research include the operational strengthening of these linkages for more effective disaster risk management.
Modern American Literature in Italian Magazines During the 1930s
Authors: Piazzoni Irene , Guidali Fabio
Published: July 2020

The article examines American fiction in Italian big magazines during the 1930s both in quantitative and qualitative terms, focusing on networks of circulation, production and reception. Analyzing not only American high modernism but also middlebrow and genre fiction, the article demonstrates how American literature in weekly publications conflicted with traditional cultural values and Fascist monitoring and censoring, and how it was instrumental to Italian social and cultural modernity.
“The Strong Matter of Unknown Names”: Modeling Topics and Cross-Reading Poems in The Crisis
Authors: Brinkman Bartholomew
Published: July 2020

Topic modeling and related computational approaches are used to identify labor, education, and military personnel as central examples of “strong matter” in the early years of The Crisis magazine. Keywords are then derived from these topics and used to locate poems for closer consideration. Through cross-reading practices, these poems are read in relation to one another, other periodical texts, and their larger historical moment at the emergence of the Harlem Renaissance. Such readings reveal deep, shared, ideological commitments that are less evident in more traditional approaches focusing on individual writers and texts.
Efectos de un programa de danza terapéutica para el control del estrés laboral en docentes de Fundación Pedagógica Cristal Estelí
Authors: Sotelo Hernández Martha Karina , Hurtado Zeledón Yoseling Yahosca , Canales García Jeniffer Dayana , Solís Zúniga Franklin
Published: July 2020

El estrés laboral es una problemática frecuente que afecta la salud mental y física en docentes que laboran bajo distintos estresores, por ello, es importante conocer su influencia en las distintas áreas de la vida y proponer estrategias para disminuir su impacto. El objetivo fue evaluar los efectos de un programa de danza terapéutica para el control del estrés laboral en docentes de Fundación Pedagógica Cristal Estelí, segundo semestre 2019. Se realizó un estudio mixto con predominio cuantitativo, exploratorio y cuasi experimental con cinco docentes, seleccionados a través del muestro no probabilístico, los datos se obtuvieron a través de listado libre, lista de cotejo, cuestionario de Burnout, cuestionario de OIT OMS y guía de observación, procesados en los programas Excel, SPSS y Word. Se evidenció una disminución del nivel de estrés en la dimensión cansancio emocional, clima organizacional y en el área estructura organizacional. Se concluye que se obtuvo un efecto positivo del programa con respecto al nivel de estrés que presentaba la muestra puesto que, se logró variar en algunas docentes sus puntuaciones a niveles más bajos en la aplicación post test. Asimismo, el programa les ayudó a liberar tensiones, identificar las emociones negativas y olvidarse de los problemas.
Changing Social Learning Theory Through Reliance on the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Attwood Adam I.
Published: July 2020

This paper examines the trend in the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and related computer-mediated teaching and learning. Implications for social learning theory are examined based on the concept of “cyborg” education through a variety of scholarly and popular media sources with implications for schools and teacher educators. Recommendations for teacher education are posited as the topic of technological mediation between people continues to change in relation to how education will likely need to adapt to provide a prosocial environment through technological mediation, though the social learning itself operates in different ways.
Severity of Coercive Sexual Harassment in Professor–Student Interaction and Peer Bystander Responses
Authors: Heretick Donna M. L. , Learn Inna
Published: July 2020

The risk for female students in academia of sexual harassment by male faculty and staff remains a national crisis. This study examined effects of severity of coercive sexual harassment (CSH) by a male professor of a female student on peer bystander intervention responses. A total of 180 undergraduate and graduate college students who volunteered for an online survey were randomly assigned to one of three vignette conditions that varied severity of CSH. Following Bowes-Sperry’s ethical model of bystander behaviors, it was predicted that severity of CSH would affect cognitive appraisals and emotional reactions, which would further predict intentions for intervention behaviors. Predictions generally were supported. Logistic regression analyses indicated that severity of CSH, fears of consequences, and negative emotions toward the professor were significant predictors of direct confrontation of the professor by the student observer, whereas only severity and negative emotions toward the professor were predictors of the indirect intervention (finding an excuse to remove the victim) or delegation (going to get help) while the incident was occurring. Fears of personal consequences suppressed direct intervention in the moderate condition. Findings suggest ongoing need within academia for clarification of behaviors that constitute CSH, as well as safety for bystanders who intervene.
Concepção do professor do ensino comum em relação à aprendizagem, currículo, ensino e avaliação do aluno com deficiência intelectual
Authors: Nunes Vera Lucia Mendonça , Manzini Eduardo Jose
Published: July 2020

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar, a partir de relatos dos professores, as concepções favoráveis e desfavoráveis em relação ao ensino, ao currículo, à avaliação e à aprendizagem do aluno com deficiência intelectual. Quatro professoras, que trabalhavam em escolas municipais no Ensino Fundamental I, em um município do interior do estado do Paraná, participaram da pesquisa. A abordagem utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e cadernos de conteúdo. Um roteiro foi elaborado para a entrevista e analisado por juízes. A coleta foi efetuada em duas sessões: a primeira, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e, a segunda, utilizando o caderno de conteúdo. As concepções identificadas, por meio da análise de conteúdo, foram separadas em favoráveis e desfavoráveis em relação à aprendizagem, ao currículo, ao ensino e à avaliação de alunos com deficiência intelectual. Na concepção dos participantes: todos os alunos conseguem aprender, mas não acompanham o ritmo dos colegas da classe; o currículo adaptado é indicado para o aluno com deficiência intelectual, porém, existe uma dicotomia entre adaptar o conteúdo ou adaptar as atividades; o ensino colaborativo é o mais eficaz; a avaliação é vista como uma falha nos sistemas de ensino e ora atribuem que a avaliação deve ser igual aos demais alunos, e ora que deveria ser diferente e específica.
Las emociones en la interacción con la tecnología en el profesorado y el alumnado de centros con buenas prácticas TIC
Authors: De Pablos Pons Juan , Llorent-Vaquero Mercedes
Published: July 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer las emociones que surgen de la interacción con las TIC en el profesorado y el alumnado de los centros educativos con larga trayectoria y Buenas Prácticas con TIC en Andalucía. Con esta finalidad, se realiza un diseño de corte cuantitativo con un método descriptivo y un diseño tipo encuesta. La muestra es de 18 centros educativos, en los cuales se indaga sobre las emociones del profesorado y el alumnado a través de dos cuestionarios con escalas tipo Likert. Los resultados muestran que las emociones más comunes en el uso de las TIC en ambos colectivos son el bienestar y satisfacción y el orgullo mientras que la disminución de la frustración es la menos frecuente en el uso de las mismas. Asimismo, se identifican algunos elementos asociados a las emociones tanto del profesorado como del alumnado. Entre las conclusiones destaca la necesidad de otorgar relevancia a las emociones que subyacen en la interacción con las TIC tanto en el profesorado como en el alumnado si el objetivo es mejorar los procesos educativos mediados por TIC. Finalmente, el análisis refleja cómo las emociones en el uso de las TIC por parte del alumnado se asocian a factores similares a los que generan una brecha digital en términos de competencia, como son el género, el número de dispositivos que poseen o disponer de Internet en casa, entre otros.

The present study aims to tap into the emotions of teaching staff and students in Spanish schools in the Region of Andalucía when they interact with ICT. The schools chosen for the study had a long-standing experience with ICT programs and a well-defined code of ICT best practices. A quantitative methodological design was used. The sample consisted of 18 schools, in which teachers’ and students' emotions were investigated through two questionnaires designed on a Likert scale. The results show that the most common emotions in the use of ICT in both groups are well-being and satisfaction and pride. A decrease in frustration levels is the least reported emotion. Likewise, some elements associated with the emotions of both teachers and students are identified. The conclusions highlight the need to give relevance to the emotions underlying the interaction with ICT in both teachers and students, if the goal is to improve educational processes mediated by ICT. Finally, the analysis reflects how emotions in the use of ICT in students are associated with factors similar to those that generate digital divide in terms of competition, such as gender, the number of electronic devices and Internet connection at home, among others.
Questioning Questions in Language, Culture and Cognition
Authors: Borchmann Simon , Mortensen Sune Sønderberg , Tranekjær Louise
Published: July 2020

The motivation for questioning questions arose in the research group Language, Culture and Cognition in 2018 when several members were working on material that included questions. In this work, a series of problems appeared, including: How do we classify questions based on their functions? What is the cognitive basis for questions? How do we account for the specific functions that questions serve in activity types? The problems led to consideration as to whether there was a basis for a broader discussion of questions, and when the group invited to the open symposium Questioning Questions in Language, Culture and Cognition, it turned out that there was a widespread interest within the international linguistic research community. At the symposium held at Roskilde University on November 15, 2018, 14 papers were presented, and following the research group’s call for papers for a special issue, several new proposals came along - each contributing to the classification, analysis and characteriation of questions. This indicates not only that there is a lively interest in questions, but also that there is a need to discuss and add to the existing classifications, analyses and characterisations of questions. In this issue we have gathered the 11 most relevant contributions.
A question of control? Forms and functions of courtroom questioning in two different adversarial trial systems
Authors: Mortensen Sune Sønderberg
Published: July 2020

This paper compares the questioning of witnesses and defendants in American and Danish courtroom interaction on the basis of one American and three Danish criminal trials. A total of 780 questions are analysed in terms of their morphosyntactic properties as well as speech act functions. Following a general discussion of courtroom questioning and the notions of coercion and control, as well as an outline of legal cultural differences and similarities between American and Danish courtroom interaction, a coding system is developed for the linguistic comparison, and initial quantitative results of the comparison are discussed. Particular attention is given to declarative questions and the ‘communicative’ speech act function, as the linguistic and interactional features of these are shown to be explored in quite different ways in accordance with the legal and cultural contexts in which the courtroom questioning takes place.
Questioning questions in psychotherapeutic practice: The dialogical dynamics of change in therapy through clients questioning therapists
Authors: Worsøe Line Brink , Jensen Thomas Wiben
Published: July 2020

The focus of this study is a particular type of questioning in psychotherapy: The unusual, yet recurrent, phenomenon of clients asking questions or making requests to the therapist and the way this alters the dialogical dynamics and therapeutic alliance between the two. Thus, we investigate how these types of question-answer cycles challenge the balance of the dialogical system of therapy including the normally accepted asymmetrical power relation between therapist and client. The analysis is informed by an ecological perspective which views the dialogical collaboration of therapist and client as forming a distributed cognitive system. The study shows how disaffiliation to questioning cycles on one hand stress the dialogical system through changing the language game, yet on the other hand, also entertain a subtle form of cooperativeness. The questioning cycles inform the dyadic system of therapist and client so that precautions can be made in order to secure the therapeutic alliance.
Analysis of conserved miRNAs in cynomolgus macaque genome using small RNA sequencing and homology searching
Authors: Huang Xia , Li Shijia , Liu Xiaoming , Huang Shuting , Li Shuang , Zhuo Min
Published: July 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators that fine-tune diverse cellular activities. Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are used extensively in biomedical and pharmaceutical research; however, substantially fewer miRNAs have been identified in this species than in humans. Consequently, we investigated conserved miRNA profiles in cynomolgus macaques by homology searching and small RNA sequencing. In total, 1,455 high-confidence miRNA gene loci were identified, 408 of which were also confirmed by RNA sequencing, including 73 new miRNA loci reported in cynomolgus macaques for the first time. Comparing miRNA expression with age, we found a positive correlation between sequence conservation and expression levels during miRNA evolution. Additionally, we found that the miRNA gene locations in cynomolgus macaque genome were very flexible. Most were embedded in intergenic spaces or introns and clustered together. Several miRNAs were found in certain gene locations, including 64 exon-resident miRNAs, six splice-site-overlapping miRNAs (SO-miRNAs), and two pairs of distinct mirror miRNAs. We also identified 78 miRNA clusters, 68 of which were conserved in the human genome, including 10 large miRNA clusters predicted to regulate diverse developmental and cellular processes in cynomolgus macaque. Thus, this study not only expands the number of identified miRNAs in cynomolgus macaques but also provides clues for future research on the differences in miRNA repertoire between macaques and humans.
From the index case to global spread: the global mobility based modelling of the COVID-19 pandemic implies higher infection rate and lower detection ratio than current estimates
Authors: Siwiak Marian , Szczesny Pawel , Siwiak Marlena
Published: July 2020

Background

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple efforts of modelling of the geo-temporal transmissibility of the virus have been undertaken, but none describes the pandemic spread at the global level. The aim of this research is to provide a high-resolution global model of the pandemic that overcomes the problem of biased country-level data on the number of infected cases. To achieve this we propose a novel SIR-type metapopulation transmission model and a set of analytically derived model parameters. We used them to perform a simulation of the disease spread with help of the Global Epidemic and Mobility (GLEAM) framework embedding actual population densities, commute patterns and long-range travel networks. The simulation starts on 17 November 2019 with the index case (presymptomatic, yet infectious) in Wuhan, China, and results in an accurate prediction of the number of diagnosed cases after 154 days in multiple countries across five continents. In addition, the model outcome shows high compliance with the results of a random screening test conducted on pregnant women in the New York area.

Methods

We have built a modified SIR metapopulation transmission model and parameterized it analytically either by setting the values of the parameters based on the literature, or by assuming their plausible values. We compared our results with the number of diagnosed cases in twenty selected countries, ones which provide reliable statistics but differ substantially in terms of strength and speed of undertaken Non-Drug Interventions. The obtained 95% confidence intervals for the predictions are in agreement with the empirical data.

Results

The parameters that successfully model the pandemic are: the basic reproduction number R0, 4.4; a latent non-infectious period of 1.1. days followed by 4.6 days of the presymptomatic infectious period; the probability of developing severe symptoms, 0.01; the probability of being diagnosed when presenting severe symptoms of 0.6; the probability of diagnosis for cases with mild symptoms or asymptomatic, 0.001.

Discussion

Parameters that successfully reproduce the observed number of cases indicate that both R0 and the prevalence of the virus might be underestimated. This is in concordance with the newest research on undocumented COVID-19 cases. Consequently, the actual mortality rate is putatively lower than estimated. Confirmation of the pandemic characteristic by further refinement of the model and screening tests is crucial for developing an effective strategy for the global epidemiological crisis.
Towards Effective Management of Fire Emergency and Risk Reduction in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria: Is There Emergency Preparedness Plan
Authors: Ilori A. E. , Sawa B. A.
Published: July 2020

Emergency preparedness plan is a written manual that identifies and provides detailed understanding of what to be done or put in place, assign who to do what and directactions on how to carry out certain responsibilities in an emergency like fire outbreak for peace and tranquility in secondary schools. This study examined emergency preparedness plan availability in public and private secondary schools in Kwara State, Nigeria towards effective management of fire emergency and risk reduction. The objectives were to assess emergency preparedness plan availability in secondary schools, and using Kendall’s w-statistics to justify the responses. Eighteen (18) public and private secondary schools were sampled throughmulti-stage sampling technique. From the sampled schools, 13 principals, 143 teachers and 557 students were randomly sampled. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. The results were evaluated using frequency charts and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (w). The findings revealed that no secondary school has emergency preparedness plan. Results also showed that secondary schools do not have safety committee(s) that will oversee school safety affairs against fire and other disasters. Kendall’s analysis revealed a low (.131) degree of agreement amongst the respondents on emergency preparedness plan availability.The null hypothesis tested at  = .05 level of significance was rejected since  (i.e.) and P-value of .0228 < .05. Hence, the research hypothesis () was accepted.It was concluded that secondary schools in Kwara State have no fire or any disaster/emergency preparedness plan and are not safe in the event of fire occurrence. The study recommends that the State’s Ministry of Education and Human Capital Development in collaboration with State Fire Service Headquarters, State Emergency Management Agency, school principals’ representative and other stakeholders should develop an agreeable emergency preparedness plan (manual) for secondary schools in the statesubject to annual reviews and amendments.
A Study into the Supervision Styles Used by Building Contractors for Improving Craftsmen Performance in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel Obi Chukwuemeka , Emenike Ogunoh Peter , Okechukwu Ezeokoli Fidelis , Ifeanyi Ohaedeghasi Christian
Published: July 2020

Poor productivity of construction craftsmen is one of the causes of cost and time overruns in construction projects. Successful delivery of construction of projects within the measurable tenets is driven by effective site supervision. Nevertheless, the inability of many supervisors to organize, communicate with workers, and direct activities sufficiently is primarily connected to the quality of the construction. Hence, this study examined how enhanced supervision styles can lead to the improvement of craftsmen performance in Anambra State, Nigeria. Being a survey research, the study employed the use of review of related literature and structured questionnaire. Accordingly, a total one hundred (100) questionnaires administered and seventy-five (75) were retrieved. This corresponds to a response rate of 75%. Data garnered were analysed and presented using relative importance index, mean scores and frequency tables. The study found out that listening to subordinates or supervisees was the most important supervision styles for improved building craftsmen performance in the study area. Therefore, the study concluded by recommending team work and effective communication channels should be adopted for improving building craftsmen performance as regards project delivery.
Use of Bioequivalence Tests and Its Properties under Different Sampling Techniques
Authors: Basharat Faryal , Jamal Nasir , Hanif Muhammad , Shahzad Usman
Published: July 2020

Bioequivalence testing is the initial approach for the analysis of quantitative determination of drugs and their metabolism in biological samples. In this research work its applications was tested and reviewed under different sampling techniques. The basic concept of bioequivalence testing crossover design was used to make assessment of medicine for breast cancer methotrexate and tamoxifen. Effectiveness of methotrexate at initial stage was 2.38 and at advance stage it was 1.85 which means it was 43% effective at initial stage while 38% effective in advance stage. Effectiveness of tamoxifen at initial stage 3.19 at advance stage 3.68 which means it was 52% effective at initial stage while 57% effective in advance stage. The relation of bioequivalence testing and distance base inference was highlighted. An attempt was made to analyze the efficiency of both medicines at initial and advance stage of diagnostic of breast cancer.
Lineament Analysis and Inference of Geological Structures in Bansara-Boki Area, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Agbebia M. A. , Egesi N.
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to extract lineaments from satellite images in order to contribute to the understanding of the structural geology of parts of Boki and its environs. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Landsat 7 ETM images of path 187 and row 056 were used for the analysis which is processed for automated extraction, validated through ground-truthing of planar and linear geological features displaying altitude of about 233 for Bansara sheet 304. Lineament extraction processing was done using PCI Geomatica version 2016 for Landsat imagery and ArcGIS 10.5 used to generate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Slope Map for SRTM imagery. Statistically a total of 3191 count of highly dense lineament were generated ranging between 0.86 to 4.33 km in length with the mean of 1.22 and a standard deviation of 0.83 intersecting at low percentage of 3-6%. The DEM display a range of 1335 to -1335 m sloping in the range of 0-2.81 and 61.224-89.725 m for topographic analysis. The lineament extracted were trending majorly in NW/SE and other minor ones in NE/SW directions some which were agreement with the altitude of the ground-truth data. The variation is possibly as a result of influence from regional process such as deformation, metamorphism, magmatism and method of data acquisition and analysis. Lineament analysis are profound index parameters for engineering of dams, economic mineral and water resources exploration, exploitation, planning and development. It is also useful in geohazard studies and its mitigation as the areas are prone to rockfalls, rockslides, landslides, mudslides and flooding due to high rainfall and human activities at the foot of the highlands.
Survey of Wilt (Fusarium udum) and the Cyst Nematode (Heterodera cajani) Incidence on Pigeonpea of Prayagraj District
Authors: Maurya Amit Kumar , Simon Sobita , John Vinny , Lal Abhilasha A.
Published: July 2020

A survey was conducted in selected villages of Prayagraj district to evaluate the disease incidence of Fusarium (Fusarium udum) wilt and cyst nematode (Heterodera cajani) of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). Soil and roots were collected from the rhizosphere of infested pigeonpea plants. The maximum wilt incidence was recorded (57.6%) in Dari village followed by Pump House (56%), Pahlu ka Purwa (51.2%) and the lowest incidence of wilt was recorded in Chaka (12.8%), Naini (11.2%) and Jhusi (9.6%) in the year 2016. For cyst nematode, soil samples was collected from selected fields, the soil was mixed thoroughly and 500 g of the soil was processed following Cobb’s sieving and decanting method where cyst and J2’s were separated in separate mesh size sieves. It was observed that infestation of Heterodera cajani was very high in Jari (51%) followed by Naini (41%). The minimum infestation of Heterodera cajani was found in Meza village which was responsible for wilt disease in pigeonpea concluding that Fusarium wilt of pigeonpea is a major problem in Prayagraj district of U.P. India.
Application of Aeromagnetic Data to Assess the Structures and Solid Mineral Potentials in Part of North Central Nigeria
Authors: Tawey M. D. , Alhassan D. U. , Adetona A. A. , Salako K. A. , Rafiu A. A. , Udensi E. E.
Published: July 2020

Assessment of the structures and solid minerals was carryout to investigate subsurface structural characteristics and mineralization potential zones within part of north-central Nigeria. The residual magnetic intensity data of the area was reduced to magnetic pole after which several source edge detection/interpretation with depth determination techniques including, analytic signal; tilt derivative; first and second vertical derivatives and Euler deconvolution were applied to the aeromagnetic data. From the analytic signal map, three magnetic zones were delineated. These are: low to relatively low magnetic zone (LM) with amplitude range from 0.003 to 0.009, moderate magnetic zone (MM) with amplitude 0.009 to 0.106 and those with amplitudes above 0.106 were products of later magmatic intrusions into host with fractures, faults and joints. Tilt derivative helped in delineating location and extent of edges of causative sources while Euler deconvolution helps in determination of boundary, depth and geometry of the structures. From first vertical derivative map, structures were found to have high lineament density around the central portion of the area and span toward the western end of the map were delineated. The lineaments mapped trending in the ENE-WSW followed by WNW-ESE with some NE-SW, NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE trends. The second vertical derivative (SVD) map also helped in delineating structures and possible mineralization zones that are pronounced within the study area, around high analytic signal zones. Delineated possible and favorable mineralization zones from second vertical derivative map correlate with portion of the study area with rocks showing high analytic signal amplitude suggesting the rocks to be of later magmatic intrusions where mineralization fluids solidify within the host rocks.
Nursing consultation in pediatric oncology: a tool for empowering parents
Authors: Rodrigues Josiane Ramos Garcia , Júnior Antonio Carlos Siqueira , Siqueira Fernanda Paula Cerântola
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Compreender a contribuição da consulta de enfermagem para a educação em saúde dos familiares de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico ambulatorial. Método: Pesquisa de campo de abordagem qualitativa, realizada no interior do estado de São Paulo com 15 famílias atendidas na consulta de enfermagem, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram analisados com a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Identificou-se uma categoria temática central "A consulta de enfermagem como ferramenta para o empoderamento dos pais", subsidiada pelos seguintes núcleos de sentido: fundamental, apoio, acolhimento, relação de confiança e vínculo, aprendizado e segurança. Conclusão: A consulta de enfermagem foi revelada como um espaço que proporciona o empoderamento da família por meio da aquisição do conhecimento sobre o diagnóstico, o tratamento e a forma de lidar com a criança oncológica, o que possibilita aos pais maior segurança para cuidarem do filho.
Medicines and its relation to the development of pressure injury in hospitalized-elderly people
Authors: Lopes Thaynara Ferreira , Fernandes Bruna Karen Cavalcante , Alexandre Solange Gurgel , Farias Fernanda Silva , Day Thayná Cândido , Freitas Maria Célia de
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Identificar os tipos de medicamentos mais utilizados por idosos hospitalizados e relacioná-los com o risco de desenvolvimento de lesão por pressão. Método: Estudo descritivo e documental, realizado em um hospital de referência em traumas de Fortaleza-CE. A amostra constituiu-se por 48 prontuários e a coleta de dados ocorreu no período de agosto de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016. Resultados: Ocorreu a análise dos 48 prontuários de pacientes idosos acamados que se encontravam internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e enfermaria. A média de idade desses idosos foi de 75 anos com presença de 54,2% do sexo masculino e 45,8% do sexo feminino. Desse total, os fármacos que mais apareceram e tem relação com o desenvolvimento da lesão são: os anti-hipertensivos, analgésicos, diuréticos, drogas vasoativas e antibiótico. Conclusão: Os tipos de medicamentos mais utilizados nos idosos deste estudo estavam diretamente relacionados às alterações no sistema circulatório do idoso.