bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Language in Rubric Design
Authors: Gonsalves Chahna
Published: August 2023

Rubrics have become popular tools for assessment and instruction in higher education. However, language choice and rubric efficacy is a topic that has been largely overlooked in the literature and teacher professional development. Composing an effective rubric—particularly for instructional and formative contexts—is a complex task that requires teachers to think about the implications of their linguistic choices for students' awareness of what and how they learn. In this chapter, the author offers a review of current research and guidance on effective rubric language. Second, this chapter uses the theory of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) to explain how SFL-informed training in rubric design can foreground language considerations to enhance teachers' capacities in effective rubric design. Overall, this chapter demonstrates that developing teachers' knowledge about language and in turn their academic and assessment literacy, is key to developing both types of literacy in students.
Self-Assessment
Authors: Ribeiro-Silva Elsa Maria Ferro , Amorim Catarina
Published: August 2023

This chapter focuses on self-assessment as a decisive assessment for students' learning and offers the results of a study done with 72 university students. The authors investigated preservice teachers' views on self-assessment, the instruments used, and the implications for their students' learning. The results showed that while preservice teachers appear to understand what self-assessment is theoretically, in practice it is a non-systematic assessment with a planned day and criteria that is invariably quantitative. It appears that it is done because it is legally required and not because teachers believe students need to critically reflect on their learning.
Using Rubrics as Feedforward Tools for Subject Contextualized Dialogue
Authors: Richards Kendall , Pilcher Nick
Published: August 2023

This chapter outlines an approach to using rubrics in a feedforward process using dialogue between teachers and students that takes place before students hand in their assignments. As such, it aims to complement existing research demonstrating the value of rubrics for feedback and for understanding subject content and assignments. After reviewing some key work on the use of rubrics, the chapter outlines theory around three areas; the importance of context to rubric terminology; the nature of dialogue; the specificity of language to individual assignments to a degree that resists any universal or future transfer to other assignments. The chapter then provides three examples of potential questions to focus dialogue using rubrics to help students understand what is expected of them in their assignments. The approach is then discussed, specifically in terms of the conditions that can facilitate it, and suggestions made for how others could use it.
What Is Next for Rubrics?
Authors: Andrade Heidi L.
Published: August 2023

Rubrics have become ubiquitous in compulsory education and common in higher education. As with any educational innovation, it is time to reflect on the current state of rubrics and how to move ahead. This chapter identifies common conceptions of the rubric that are problematic and proposes redefining the word rubric in terms of learning goals to better align with classroom assessment uses. Feasible suggestions for ensuring the quality of rubrics and avoiding unintended negative consequences for students are also discussed.
Digital Branding in the Digital Era
Authors: Denga Edna Mngusughun , Vajjhala Narasimha Rao Rao , Asortse Sefa
Published: August 2023

The 21st-century marketplace and its consumers are connected digitally as an innovative and inquisitive technique of information gathering. In the first two decades of this millennium, the proliferation of digital media and increasingly mobile Internet connectivity have undoubtedly had a significant influence on brands and brand management. Innovations have ushered in a brand-new epoch known as “the digital era.” This golden age has fostered a few unique challenges that aim to approach branding in novel and interesting ways. Brands are attempting to create a digital identity for their business in today's technology-driven economy to sustain consumer awareness. Maintaining an online presence is essential for businesses to continue being successful and relevant considering the increasing amount of time that customers are spending on digital platforms nowadays.
Design and Development of Hybrid Instructional Materials
Authors: Şendurur Emine , Şendurur Polat
Published: August 2023

This chapter aims to review and summarize the principles of instructional material preparation for face-to-face, online, and hybrid environments. The design of mixed instructional materials was first discussed in light of instructional design and technology literature. Multimedia learning, cognitive load theory, and universal design principles were considered the fundamentals of instructional material design. The framework has three dimensions: content type, fidelity, and course phase. In this framework, a hybrid form was offered instead of different forms of materials, but face-to-face and online modalities were also compared. The design and development categorizations were built upon the hybrid nature of the materials. This way, the framework can guide practitioners in designing efficient ways to create instructional materials.
Designing Alternative Assessment Activities and Adaptive Learning Scenarios to Cover Various Learning Styles in Higher Education
Authors: Andreatos Antonios S.
Published: August 2023

Teaching should have a pluralism, containing a variety of alternative educational activities and supporting various learning styles. If so, then assessment should also have a pluralism, testing not only knowledge but also skills and attitudes (where applicable). This is mandatory in practical courses which are common in engineering and science disciplines. In this chapter we draw from our experience and research, and propose ways for designing authentic educational activities and adaptive learning scenarios to cover various learning styles in Higher Education in order to revitalize the learning process. The idea is to put students in action by assigning them authentic and meaningful tasks, individually and in groups, leaving the teams to self-organize by undertaking or assigning specific roles and tasks. Case studies from Computer Networking and Cyber Security are presented. We shall also present alternative assessment for these activities and scenarios. This is a fieldwork, hence, quantitative data from real classes, as well as interviews will be presented.
Chemical Identification of Sub-20 nm Defects and Sub-Monolayer Residues with Nano IR PiFM
Authors: Nowak Derek , O'Reilly Padraic , Park Sung , Albrecht Tom
Published: August 2023

With the advent of EUV lithography and other emerging processes such as area selective deposition, and SOIC hybrid bonding, the need to identify the chemical composition of defects is of paramount importance. The defects of concern range from 10nm to 500nm in lateral size and as thin as ~ 1 nm in thickness, which the current batch of molecular analytical tools cannot address adequately since the indications are that many of the defects and residues detected are organic in nature. In this paper, a relatively new nanoscale technique called infrared photo-induced force microscopy (IR PiFM), which combines non-contact atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy with ~ 5 nm spatial resolution, is introduced. The paper will show how the nanoscale hyperspectral IR PiFM data can provide unambiguous and speedy feedback to process engineers engaged in EUV lithography and other advanced semiconductor processes.
Wet Cleaning of Ru Semi-Damascene 18 MP Structures
Authors: Güvenc Haci Osman , Klipp Andreas , Le Quoc Toan
Published: August 2023

Cleaning of semi-damascene structures after direct metal etch (DME) are becoming more challenging as the size of features are getting smaller and number of materials increase in advanced nodes. Typical DME residues in-between Ru lines, generated during/after semi-damascene patterning by DME, mainly consist of Ti-based residues whereas there are TiN layers present as etch stop layer (ESL) below the SiN HM and underneath Ru lines. Wet cleaning of Ti-based residues selective to TiN and Ru in a decent process time is necessary. Undercut of TiN during wet cleaning results in collapsing of the SiN HM and/or Ru lines. We present a novel FOTOPUR® R solution designed to clean Ti-based residues selective to Ru and TiN. Moreover, the new chemistry can further extend the process window without collapsing the Ru lines.
Controlled and Uniform Wet Etching of Molybdenum Nanowires
Authors: Deng Ke Rong , Erofeev Ivan , Chowdhuri Angshuman Ray , Saidov Khakimjon , Aabdin Zainul , Pacco Antoine , Philipsen Harold , Holsteyns Frank , Huynh Han Vinh , Mirsaidov Utkur
Published: August 2023

We achieved the controlled recess of molybdenum (Mo), which is alternative interconnect material for copper (Cu), by wet chemical etching. This wet etching process includes two main steps which are chemical oxidation of Mo and its subsequent dissolution, respectively. Firstly, Mo nanowires (NWs) are uniformly oxidized with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution in acetone. Secondly, the Mo oxide is dissolved using an aqueous solution of HCl. Mo NWs are characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging after each of the above steps. Cyclic etching experiments including oxidation and dissolution of Mo showed that Mo recess is linear and can be controlled for each cycle, where the etching produced the smooth Mo surface. This controlled Mo recess is crucial for the fabrication of next-generation metal interconnects.
Electrostatic-Induced Particle Behavior Simulation Framework in Cleaning Process: Interaction between Solid-Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Lee Jinh Young , Hwang Jun Kil , Shin Dong Joo , Kim Tae Sung
Published: August 2023

A comprehensive understanding of electrostatic-induced particle trapping during semiconductor wafer cleaning processes is paramount for enhancing device yield and performance. In this study, we employed a three-dimensional (3D) simulation framework to systematically analyze the interplay between electrical field strength, particle size, and electrostatic forces on particle trapping phenomena and defect pattern formation. Our findings revealed that increased electrical field strength and decreased particle size contribute to a higher probability of particle trapping and the emergence of distinct defect patterns. Based on these insights, we propose an optimization strategy to improve the cleaning process efficiency and minimize particle trapping, ultimately advancing the yield and performance of semiconductor devices.
Past, Present, and Future of Semiconductor Cleaning Technology
Authors: Hattori Takeshi
Published: August 2023

This presentation focuses on semiconductor wafer cleaning technology, one of the most critical technologies in semiconductor device manufacturing for obtaining high yield and reliability, and discusses the past, present, and future of the technology. Emphasis is placed on the review of contamination control and cleaning technologies in the early days since the invention of the transistor. To celebrate the 30+1-year anniversary of the UCPSS, a review will be given of both the first conference held in Leuven in 1992 and the second one held in Bruges in 1994. There will be more research challenges and business opportunities in environmentally benign, innovative damage-free wafer cleaning and surface preparation technologies for future applications.
Investigation of Selective Wet Etching of SiGe Substrates for High-Performance Device Manufacturing
Authors: Kim Dong Gyu , Vereecke Guy , Puttarame Gowda Pallavi , Wostyn Kurt , Kim Tae Gon , Park Jin Goo , Altamirano-Sanchez Efrain
Published: August 2023

The use of SiGe substrate as a semiconductor material is increasing because of its unique properties. In order to manufacture high-performance devices, it is necessary to develop SiGe selective etching technology. In this study, SiGe epi and oxide substrates with varying germanium percentages (15, 25, and 40 %) were used for the investigation of the selective etching process. As the etchant, APM (1:4:20) solutions were used, and added HF and HCl to confirm the pH effect. The evaluation was conducted while adjusting the pH level. In the case of the SiGe epi substrate, the etching rate was very low at high pH, but the etching rate rapidly increased at a specific pH. And then, the etch rate gradually decreased. On the other hand, the etch rates of the oxide substrate rapidly increased as the pH decreased. To explain the etch rate behavior due to the difference in Ge content and type of substrates, the surface chemistry was measured, and the speciation of the solution was analyzed.
On-Line Metal Concentration Measurement at an Ultra-Trace Level in DIW by Solid Phase Extraction Method Coupled with ICP-MS
Authors: Tsutano Kyohei , Tezuka Ayumi , Tsuda Akihiko , Ichinose Tatsu
Published: August 2023

Metal contamination is a critical issue in semiconductor manufacturing processes, where controlling the concentration of metals in the deionized water (DIW) used for wafer rinsing and chemical dilution is necessary. In our previous study, we reported an ultra-trace level measurement method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with a monolithic resin and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). However, this method had limitations regarding rapid metal concentration confirmation and contamination risks due to manual processing and sample delivery. This study proposes an on-line metal measurement system that uses an automated SPE technique coupled with ICP-MS to address the shortcomings of the conventional method. The system provides continuous on-site monitoring of ultra-trace metal concentrations in DIW, reducing preconcentration volume by up to 60% compared to the conventional method owing to minimizing contamination by automating all processes. Moreover, the system achieved reliable results similar to the conventional method, high analytical stability, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 5% for a concentration of around 0.05 ng/L (n=4) using a test solution. We also evaluated the metal removal filter as an application of the system mentioned above, simultaneously analyzing multiple elements at the single-pg/L level and confirming the performance of the filter.
Real Time AMC Monitoring with Novel Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry at Single-Digit pptv Concentrations
Authors: González-Aguirre P. , Wild Alissa , Degaches Léonie , Amade Erwan , Frege Carla , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe
Published: August 2023

In this study, emissions of photoresist resin deposited on wafters in a FOUP are compared using impinger/GCMS at-line measurements and on-line Vocus AMC measurements based on chemical ionization mass spectrometry. While GCMS measurements are routinely used for VOC measurements, the Vocus AMC monitor allows simultaneous, real-time detection of acids, bases, and condensable organics, providing unique insights into the cleanroom and FOUP microenvironment Photoresist resin outgassing measurements show comparable absolute concentrations between the two methods (GCMS and CI-TOF) for targeted compounds in real world sampling scenarios. The rate of outgassing was tracked in real time with the Vocus and also allowed identification of unknown compounds emitted from the resin. Continuous monitoring of the cleanroom air around the FOUP highlights the importance of the cleanroom environment which can directly affect the FOUP microenvironment, and additionally we show that Entegris Barrier Material EBM can guarantee a good wafer protection.
Effect of Post-Etch Wet Cleaning on GaAs Surfaces
Authors: Hirano Tomoki , Saito Suguru , Hagimoto Yoshiya , Iwamoto Hayato
Published: August 2023

In this study, we investigated the effect of the post-etch cleaning of GaAs surfaces. We found that a plasma damage layer was formed on GaAs surfaces by dry etching, and an As-rich layer remained after post-etch cleaning. The As rich layer needs to be removed because it is replaced by micron-sized particles when stored in an air. We also found that a pure GaAs surface can be obtained by performing additional cleaning consisting of oxide formation and removal.
Human Centered Design and Design Thinking for Entrepreneurship
Authors: Siricharoen Waralak Vongdoiwang
Published: August 2023

What are entrepreneurs really thinking? And how can they use human-centered design to make their businesses successful? In this article, we explore the answers to these questions and more. Design thinking can be an incredibly powerful tool, helping entrepreneurs hone their products and services to perfection. And when combined with human-centered design? Well, you have a recipe for success! Still not convinced? Keep reading to learn more about the benefits of using both design thinking and human-center design in your business.
Nonexistence of non-Hopf Ricci-semisymmetric real hypersurfaces in and
Authors: Cui Qianshun , Hu Zejun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we solved an open problem raised by Cecil and Ryan (2015, Geometry of Hypersurfaces, Springer Monographs in Mathematics, Springer, New York, p. 531) by proving the nonexistence of non-Hopf Ricci-semisymmetric real hypersurfaces in
$\mathbb {C}P^{2}$
and
$\mathbb {C}H^{2}$
.
The Impact of Covid-19 on Academic Practice: A Dilemma-Driven Self-Study Inquiry at an Institution of Higher Learning
Authors: Tshuma Tholani
Published: August 2023

This inquiry was a dilemma-driven, object-inquiry self-study. The study followed visual methodologies in unpacking the impact of Covid-19 on the practices of a practitioner at a rural university. During the Covid-19 pandemic, I was becoming increasingly dissatisfied with my daily practice as an academic because I struggled to locate my footing in what has been dubbed the ‘new normal’ about online student teaching and assessment.  In my bid to investigate the dissatisfactions I faced due to Covid-19, I followed the self-study methodology, which entailed my engagement in reflexivity cycles, and feedback from critical friends. My critical friends played a crucial validation role during my data collection, analysis, and drawing of conclusions from multiple data forms that included journal entries and discussions with others. The collected data was thematically and analyzed from deductive to inductive perspective through the process of coding. This inquiry established that the outbreak of Covid-19 led to dilemmas of practice that stemmed from my being deskilled, techno and Covid-phobic; poor individual adaptability; inadequate TPKC; and the shortcomings of working as an isolated silo. It emerged that these dilemmas of practice escalated into professional traumas through working in isolated silos in virtual platforms. Thus, through making our challenges of practice public, we tend to benefit from the pool of probing expertise of others. Whilst the advent of Covid-19 posed unwelcome professional traumas, it was through the probing power of ‘the second voice’ that the over-shadowed professional growth opportunities in this pandemic induced ‘new normal’ was unveiled.
Pre-Evaluating Efficiency Analysis of Mergers and Acquisitions of Full-Service Carriers in Korea
Authors: Hyoseok Chang  , Dohyun Kim
Published: August 2023

In November 2020, Korean Air signs an agreement to acquire and merges with 63.88% of Asiana Airlines’ shares, which is conditionally approved by the Korea Fair Trade Commission to address exclusivity concerns. The conditions require both airlines to return certain take-off or landing positions and revise their licenses for 26 international and 8 domestic routes within 10 years. This paper collects passenger traffic data from 2009 to 2019 using Korean data analysis, retrieval, and transfer systems employed by both airlines. Data envelopment analysis is utilized to assess their performance assuming the merger and acquisition. The analysis reveals that Korean Air’s super-efficiency performance in 2011 is the highest among all decision making units (DMUs). The best super-efficiency performance is achieved not only by individual companies but also by the combined enterprise in 2019.
A Simulation Study on von Karman Vortex Shedding with Navier-Stokes and Shallow-Water Models
Authors: Shin-Jye Liang  , Shih-Huang Wu  , Wei-Ting Chao
Published: August 2023

This study aims to investigate the advantages of employing numerical models based on Shallow-water equations for simulating von Karman vortex shedding. Furthermore, a comparative analysis with Navier-Stokes equations will be conducted to assess their effectiveness. In addition to Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), relevant to water depth, plays an important role in the Shallow-Water modeling of the von Karman vortex. In this study, simulations of 2D von Karman vortex shedding are performed using the Navier-Stokes model and Shallow-Water model, employing the least-squares finite-element method for space discretization and θ-method for time integration. The computed vortices characteristics, including the recirculation zone behind the cylinder, vortices size, and frequency, are presented. In the Navier-Stokes modeling, the computed results indicate that the size of vortices in space decreases and the Strouhal number increases as Re increases. In the Shallow-Water modeling for the same Re condition, the size of vortices increases and the Strouhal number decreases as Fr increases.
Geste et corruption : aspects transculturels de la représentation d’un phénomène
Authors: TIO BABENA Gilbert Willy
Published: August 2023

Le présent article se propose de mettre en exergue, sur la base d’un corpus culturellement composite, les traits gestuels communs à la représentation filmique de la corruption. Une discussion théorique de la (trans)culturalité d’un tel phénomène – aussi complexe que polymorphe – s’avère alors un détour inéluctable dont l’objectif est de rendre saisissables les schèmes régissant le fonctionnement de l’objet d’étude. Les mises en scène de la corruption peuvent-elles se prêter à une lecture transculturelle si tant est que toutes les sociétés connaissent des transgressions relevant de ce paradigme ? Les récurrences observées au niveau gestuel, dans la négociation de ces violations normatives, s’interpréteraient ainsi comme un langage transcendantal et transversal des sensibilités artistiques – en dépit des variations diatopique et diaphasique dues aux données géoculturelles et situationnelles.
La place de l’approche interculturelle en classe de français langue étrangère au Burundi : cas du cycle post-fondamental
Authors: NDIKUMAGENGE Rémy , DOCILE Pacifique
Published: August 2023

Ce texte propose une analyse des manuels d’enseignement du français en usage au cycle post-fondamental du système éducatif burundais dans une perspective interculturelle. Après avoir montré l’importance de développer les compétences interculturelles pour une communication plus efficiente, l’article met en évidence les lacunes qui s’observent dans les manuels et souligne les rares atouts qui s’y trouvent pour le développement de la compétence interculturelle. Il conclut que malgré que les déclarations d’intention des concepteurs et conceptrices des manuels vont dans le sens de tenir en compte de la culture des apprenant-e-s et des cultures qui sous-tendent la langue française. L’analyse de contenu, qui a été appliquée à ce corpus, révèle que les consignes de ces manuels ne sont pas à même d’aider l’apprenant-e du cycle post-fondamental à avoir une compétence lui permettant de relativiser sa culture maternelle par rapport à celle étrangère pour en créer une nouvelle culture synthétique permettant une communication langagière sans heurt ni malentendu.
Enjeux de la qualité des acteurs et actrices de l’éducation dans une perspective de Laudato si’
Authors: DJILO KUATE Hervé
Published: August 2023

Ce texte analyse les qualités des principaux acteurs de l’éducation à partir de l’encyclique Laudato si’ du pape François, document centré sur le changement de nos manières de pensée, de notre regard. La lettre de l’autorité papale traite de l’ensemble des expériences, des croyances et des valeurs qui influencent la façon dont une société perçoit la réalité, réagit et construit l’avenir. En prenant appui sur le sixième chapitre intitulé « L’éducation et la spiritualité écologiques », la présente réflexion se focalise sur les enfants à former, les formateurs et formatrices. Il est question d’examiner le portrait de l’éducateur, de l’éducatrice et de l’éduqué-e dans le but de faciliter l’atteinte véritable des objectifs attendus du secteur éducatif.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Sekolah, Motivasi Berprestasi Guru terhadap Profesional Kerja Guru di Sekolah Dasar Negeri
Authors: Rusmeni Rusmeni
Published: August 2023

This study generally aims to examine the influence of democratic leadership and achievement motivation on the professional work of elementary school teachers in Ciledug District, Tangerang City. This study used qualitative methods using causal surveys with a path analysis approach. Dissemination of instruments in the form of questionnaires to collect data on the professional influence of teacher work and coordination of school principals on the quality of education services in SDN in Cipondoh District, Tangerang City. The results of this initial observation are in line with what was stated by Masanah that there is a positive and significant influence of achievement motivation on the professional competence of teachers in SD Negeri in Bonang District, Demak Regency by 86.20%. This positive influence means that if teachers have high achievement motivation in carrying out their duties, the teacher's professional competence will increase.
Aqueduct 4.0: Updated Decision-Relevant Global Water Risk Indicators
Authors: Kuzma Samantha , Bierkens Marc F.P. , Lakshman Shivani , Luo Tianyi , Saccoccia Liz , Sutanudjaja Edwin H. , Van Beek Rens
Published: August 2023

This technical note serves as the main reference for the updated Aqueduct™️ 4.0 water risk framework. It details the data and methodology used to create 13 indicators of global water risk. Indicators reflect both current conditions and future projections of water supply, demand, stress, and more. This paper also describes how water risks can be aggregated into categories of risk, such as physical and quality, as well as administrative risk.
Value Orientation, Paradox, and Governance Form: Construction of China Government's Precision in COVID-19 Prevention and Control
Authors: Wu Qian , Meng Na
Published: August 2023

Digital technology empowers digital government governance and also creates favourable conditions for the precision of digital government anti-COVID-19 activities. It plays an important role in combating COVID-19 and restoring production and life. The goal of China digital government’s COVID-19 prevention and control is to achieve precision, and its value orientation should be based on objectivity, efficiency, security, and openness. However, in the process of prevention and control, the digital government also faces the paradox of data fragmentation, lack of technology, information leakage, information distortion caused by data islands, low efficiency, security risks, and lack of sharing. By summarising the experience of China's digital government's precision in anti-COVID-19 activities, the construction of the governance form of digital government in the post-pandemic era can be carried out from the aspects of the overall digital government, smart digital government, the rule of law, and open digital government.
Study on the Present Situation, Dilemmas and Countermeasures of Anti-terrorist Cooperation Between China and ASEAN
Authors: Shuo Seah , Wang Yipeng
Published: August 2023

As the “Belt and Road” initiative has been steadily advancing, China and ASEAN have achieved remarkable results in economic and trade cooperation, but there are also risks to public security. Terrorism threats are crucial challenges that China and ASEAN countries cannot avoid. This paper analyses the terrorist threats and anti-terrorism cooperation between China and ASEAN on the basis of policy text analysis of China- ASEAN cooperation, and then analyses the dilemmas and reasons of bilateral anti-terrorism cooperation. The analysis found that both China and ASEAN are faced with a terrorism threat mainly caused by ethnic separatist forces and religious extremist forces. The terrorism threats faced by China and ASEAN show the trend of domestic violent and terrorist forces fleeing abroad, foreign violent and terrorist forces returning to China, and domestic and foreign violent terrorist forces merging. The framework of anti-terrorism cooperation established by the two sides covers the UN level, the regional level, and other multilateral levels. However, they are faced with the difficulties of lone participants, imperfect governance links, and insufficient emergency governance capacity. The future anti-terrorism cooperation between China and ASEAN should absorb diversified participants, establish a normalised cooperation mechanism, and focus on improving the emergency response capacity.
Case report of metastatic colorectal cancer associated with KRAS A146V and A59G mutations
Authors: Kit O. I. , Timoshkina N. N. , Gvaldin D. Yu. , Soldatkina N. V. , Gevorkyan Yu. A.
Published: August 2023

In colorectal cancer (CRC) in addition to the most common mutations in the second exon of KRAS, there are rarer mutations that are not well understood as prognostic markers.

Description of cases. We describe two clinical cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (low-grade, G2), which manifested a complicated course in a 67-year-old woman – intestinal obstruction (case 1) and in a 62-year-old man – paratumorous abscess (case 2). Both cases were characterized by the development of regional and distant metastases (liver, brain) and a short relapse-free period. We found rare sporadic mutations of KRAS A146V and A59G with microsatellite stability and no mutation in the V600 BRAF site.

Discussion. In the presented case 1, the KRAS A146V mutation was detected, the frequency of its detection in our practice of testing 2103 cases of CRC was 0.48%. Case 2 shows the extremely rare A59G mutation. Among the patients with CRC we studied, we found mutations in codon 59 in only two, which amounted to 0.095%. Both rare mutations represent separate molecular subgroups of CRC, characterized by an unfavorable clinical outcome and requiring the development of special treatment regimens.
Importance of Climate Change Adaptation in Drought Mitigation: A Review
Authors: Gana, A. H.  , Sa’id, A. I.
Published: August 2023

Climate change is an ongoing challenge that creates a range of environmental challenges that countries will have to grapple with in the coming decades. Droughts will definitely occur, but climate change has largely exacerbated hydrological trends, making droughts start more rapidly and more intensely. This study looked at the measures and tactics used in South Africa, Australia, Mexico, Spain, and the United States to lessen the effects of drought. Adapting to climate change offers an opportunity to rethink some of the outstanding issues of tragedy reduction and ecosystem growth. This helps mitigate future climate change impacts and embrace options for such adaptation to climate change. The main impacts of climate change on drought vulnerability are public-based awareness-raising, revised timeframes and drought forecasting approaches, improved preparedness with a focus on drought monitoring and the creation of early warning systems, and all similar preparations are combined at the input level. Moreover, reactive approaches to drought remain prevalent in many countries, despite emergency funding being expensive, ineffective and failing to address long-term sources of vulnerability and lack of support. There is therefore an urgent need for a paradigm shift from crisis management to risk management, adopting a proactive approach based on standard risk mitigation and prevention. Additional efforts to embed local adaptation strategies into policies may increase local resilience to environmental change while contributing to broader development goals.
Production of Bioplastic by Local Strains of Bacillus subtilis using Watermelon Peels as Substrate
Authors: Musa, B.  , Ado, S.A.  , Joseph, G.L.  , Hussain, I.M.  , Sulaiman, M.A.  , Tijjani, M.B.  , Charanchi, A.S.
Published: August 2023

The amount of environmental contamination brought on by the careless disposal of plastic garbage has increased to 400 million tons every year on a global scale. These synthetically generated traditional polymers are not easily biodegradable. This work was therefore undertaken to isolate Bacillus subtilis from soil with potential to produce bioplastic: Poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Samples of soil were collected from various locations (BG = Botanical Garden, FARD = Fine Art Refuse Dumpsite, SHRD = Suleiman Hall Refuse Dumpsite, FVM = Faculty of Veterinary Medicine animal paddock) within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. Spread plate technique was used to isolate B. subtilis on nutrient agar, and the isolates' cultural, morphological, and biochemical properties were identified. The isolates of B. subtilis were screened for PHB production using two different methods: the plate assay method and slide technique using Sudan black B dye. The PHB was then produced using submerged fermentation with watermelon peel as sole source of carbon in the production medium. The PHB was extracted using Sodium-hypochlorite method and the quality of the PHB was determined using FT-IR analysis. Four isolates of Bacillus subtilis were obtained from the soil samples (50 %), one each out of the two samples (50 %) per unit location (BG2, FARD3, SHRD2, and FVM4). The screening revealed that all the isolates were PHB producers. The B. subtilis isolate SHRD2 from the students’ dormitory was found to produce the highest PHB yield of 0.98 g/L from the watermelon substrate, whereas isolate from the animal paddock (FVM4) yielded the lowest quantity of the PHB (0.12 g /L). The biopolymer's (bioplastic) identity was confirmed to be PHB based on the peaks in the FT-IR spectra, which displayed wave numbers for a variety of functional groups, including -O-H, C-H, C-O, and C=O. It was concluded that the local isolates of B. subtilis have potentials for PHB production using watermelon peels as source of carbon and energy.
Assessments of Contamination and Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Pounded Yam Sold Along Major Roads in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Womboh, S. B.  , Ajumobi, V. E.  , Ebute, P. A.
Published: August 2023

Pounded yam is a staple food consumed in Makurdi, Benue State. The food is sold along major streets and roads in the town, as such; it is prone to bacterial contamination from different sources. The study was aimed at assessing the contamination and susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from pounded yam sold along major roads in Makurdi metropolis. One hundred and forty (140) samples of pounded yam were aseptically collected from seven food vending sites (Wurukum, Wadata, High level, Naka road, Otukpo road, Gboko road and North bank) and analyzed for bacterial contamination using standard microbiological procedures. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for the antibacterial susceptibility testing. The antibiotics tested were Septrin, Chloramphenicol, Sparfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Gentamycin, Pefloxacin, Tarivid and Streptomycin. If a bacterial isolate proved resistant to at least three of the tested antibiotics, it was deemed to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). A total of four species of bacteria which included Staphylococcus aureus (35.66%), Escherichia coli (18.18%), Klebsiella spp (11.20%) and Proteus spp (34.97%), were isolated from the pounded yam samples. The mean total viable count of all the samples; which ranges from 2.61x105cfu/g (Wadata) to 3.25x105cfu/g (Otukpo road) are within the acceptable limits for food. Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli and Proteus spp were multidrug resistant to four, six and three antibiotics respectively, according to the antibacterial susceptibility test. Staphylococcus spp showed 31.37% susceptibility to Septrin, 37.25% to Streptomycin and 33.33% of the Staphylococcus isolates were sensitive to Sparfloxacin and Amoxycillin.  For Escherichia coli, more than 50% of the 26 Escherichia coli isolates showed resistance to Septrin (46.16%), Sparfloxacin (42.31%), Amoxicillin (42.31%), Gentamycin (38.46%), Perfloxacin ((46.15%) and Streptomycin (23.08%). Proteus spp showed 44.00% susceptibility to Chloramphenicol, 30.00% to Sparfloxacin and 40.00% to amoxicillin. Klebsiella spp showed 25.00% susceptibility to Amoxicillin only. The study identified that pounded yam sold along major roads in Makurdi metropolis are contaminated with bacteria of public health importance. Therefore hygienic way of food preparation is of utmost importance to prevent contamination of food with these organisms resulting to food borne diseases.
Phytoconstituents and antidermatophytic activity of crude extracts of Senna occidentalis
Authors: Husseini, H. A.  , Olonitola, O.S.  , Aliyu, M. S.
Published: August 2023

Dermatophytes are one of the major aetiologic agents of cutaneous mycoses Senna occidentalis is among the plants used in traditional herbal medicine in treating fungal skin infections and it is shown from literature to contain phytochemicals which are attributed to its antidermatophytic activity. This work is aimed at determining the Phytoconstituents and antidermatophytic activity of  leaves and seeds crude extracts of the Senna occidentalis plant . The study is a qualitative study that determines the phytoconstituents and  antidermatophytic activity of the plant extracts on some clinical dermatophyte isolates. The plant  parts were sampled and were used to obtain aqueous and n-hexane extracts using distilled water and n-hexane as extracting solvents respectively. Phytochemical analysis was done on the extracts to  determine the presence of secondary metabolites. The antidermatophytic activity of the extracts on clinical dermatophytes isolates was determined using poisoned food technique. Aqueous extraction gave higher percentage extraction yield than n-hexane extract . All extracts contain secondary metabolites and the extracts showed varying degree of percentage growth inhibition on the isolates. Phytochemical screening of the leaves and seeds extracts of Senna occidentalis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and other phytoconstituents. The Senna occidentalis leaves and seeds extracts showed growth inhibition percentage (I) ranging between 9% to 39.8% for n-hexane leaf extract,1.3%  to 52.6% for aqueous leaf extract,2.6% to 57.2% for n-hexane seed extract and 12.8% to 61.1% for aqueous seed extract. Senna occidentalis leaves and seeds extract have shown varying potential in inhibiting dermatophyte growth with no  extract having 100% inhibition  percentage on all the tested dermatophytes.
A Comparative Seasonal Study on the Physicochemical Properties of Open Well Waters in Kura District, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Mujahid Ajah Matazu  , Abdulhakim Hassan Wagini  , Iliya Garkuwa Muhammad  , Amina Shehu Hambali  , Usman Bello  , Binta Umar Mohammad  , Hadiza Zakari Mustapha  , Abdullahi Abubakar
Published: August 2023

Water is one of the most important compounds on earth and is vital to the survival of any organism. The aim of the study was to assess the seasonal variation of the physico-chemical properties of open well water in Kura District, Kano State, Nigeria. A total of ten (10) water samples were collected randomly from five locations in Kura district, namely Dan Hassan, Karfi, Dalili, Gundutse, and Kosawa. The samples were analysed for pH, turbidity, conductivity, nitrate, calcium, chloride, and total dissolved solids, following the standard of American Public Health Association. Average values of physicochemical properties during the dry season were as follows: pH was 5.5 to 9, electrical conductivity was 340 to 456 S/cm, turbidity was 4.6 to 7 NTU, total dissolved solids was 400 to 420 mg/l, nitrate was 0.6 to 2.15 mg/l, chloride was 259 to 590 mg/l, and calcium was 8 to 25 mg/l. The average values for various physicochemical properties in the dry season were recorded as follows: pH ranged from 5.8 to 6.4, electrical conductivity ranged from 89 to 420 S/cm, turbidity ranged from 3.4 to 6.4 NTU, total dissolved solids ranged from 380 to 720 mg/l, nitrate ranged from 0.5 to 1.8 mg/l, chloride ranged from 8 to 14 mg/l, and calcium ranged from 160 to 450 mg/l. The results of the paired sample t-test indicated that there was no significant difference in concentration between the wet and dry seasons for pH, conductivity, turbidity, and nitrate (p < 0.05). However, concentrations of calcium, chloride, and TDS varied significantly between wet and dry seasons. Given that the dry season that was examined exceeded the WHO threshold limits for pH and turbidity, it is recommended to implement suitable water treatment techniques such as coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration in order to reduce turbidity and regulate pH levels in order to meet the required standards. Further research is necessary to investigate the presence of alternative contaminants in open well water, like heavy metals, microbial contaminants, or organic pollutants.
Implementasi Sistem Pendekatan Manajemen Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran
Authors: Amiruddin Amiruddin , Wulandari Tiwi , Anisah Anisah , Marsya Muhammad Irvan , Fahmi Ansari
Published: August 2023

Framework is a group of parts or components that collaborate with each other to achieve a goal. In planning the educational and learning framework and the instructive and preparatory strategies made in the modern and military fields. The idea is reason to recognize the target of the framework. The reason is that frameworks can be regular and human. Training is more centered around character styling and improvement. While preparing emphasizes the development of training abilities carried out in a school climate, while the use of preparation is largely based on a modern climate. In this way, the standards of learning are guidelines for educators in implementing successful learning conditions. There are two attributes of the show framework approach, in particular the teaching and developing framework and experience approach to make it simple for students to learn.

Keywords: Implementasi, Sistem, Manajemen, Pengajaran, Pembelajaran.
Menciptakan Ide Kreatif Dalam Perspektif Islam
Authors: Efendi Erwan , Dina Siska Tirta , Sinaga Annisa Zehan
Published: August 2023

This study aims to identify how to create creative ideas in an Islamic perspective. In this modern era, creative ideas are important to study because they are useful in many ways, one of which is from an Islamic perspective. Creative ideas can have a positive influence in an Islamic perspective and have an important role, one of which is in the field of da'wah, creative ideas can create creative da'wah so that it can attract the attention of the da'wah object to the da'wah delivered. In this study using a descriptive qualitative research approach with data collection techniques using literature study techniques. The results of this study are that readers can apply creative ideas in an Islamic perspective, one of which is preaching by using creative ideas and can apply examples of creative preaching.

Keywords Creative idea, Islamic Perspective, Qualitative
Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Melalui Peningkatan Kreativitas Berfikir Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PAI di SMPN 1 Dolok Masihul
Authors: Neliwati Neliwati , Rangkuti Ahiruddin , Khalifah Siti Nur , Mandasari Dayanti , Hasanah Nur
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to find out a depiction of the implementation of the 2013 curriculum and its relationship with the efforts to improve students' creative thinking. This study used a qualitative approach. Data were obtained from observation and interview techniques. This study concluded that the 2013 curriculum, in all state schools, needs to continue to encourage the realization of national standard fulfillment. Preparation of learning plans and programs (Syllabus, LP: Lesson Plan) were already carried out; the explanations of learning materials were already delivered with various supporting media and methods; and learning resources were adequate such as textbooks and worksheets.

Keywords: Creative Thinking, Implementation, 2013 Curriculum
Kemampuan Guru PAI Dalam Menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) Kurikulum 2013 di SMP Nurul Hadina
Authors: Hasibuan Miftah Al Husnah , Neliwati Neliwati , Fathurrahman Muhammad
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the ability of Islamic religious education teachers in preparing 2013 Curriculum Learning Implementation Plans (RPP) at SMP Nurul Hadina Patumbak. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive study method. Data collection techniques by conducting interviews with PAI teachers, observation and documentation in the form of lesson plans that have been made by the teacher. The results of this study found that the ability of Islamic religious education teachers to prepare Learning Implementation Plans (RPP) at Nurul Hadina Patumbak Middle School was categorized as good with evidence of Learning Implementation Plans (RPP) that had been made by the teacher, this can be seen from the completeness of the RPP made by the teacher concerned .

Keyword: Teacher ability, RPP, Curriculum 2013
Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Telkom PT Telkom Surabaya Utara:
Authors: Rahayu Pratiwi Dwi Agustin , Indriastuti Yudiana
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the marketing communication strategy at PT. Telkom North Surabaya. This research uses descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The sampling technique used in this study was a purposive sampling technique. The techniques used by researchers to collect data were in-depth interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out when writing the report using interactive analysis techniques. The communication process carried out by PT Telkom North Surabaya, namely in the outbound call section, there is a customer offering process offering additional service products, then the input (1-3 × 24 hour process) which will process through the system to be forwarded to the technician to carry out the installation that has been ordered to the customer via outbon call (OBC). Communication is carried out by giving greetings, conveying information and finally closing in offering additional product services. In offering additional services to OBC customers using social media such as Whatsapp, carring by phone and promotions via Instagram, and through certain pages that can only be accessed by the OBC team for additional ADD ON services. PT Telkom's OBC Telemarketing Marketing communication strategy has been effective, this is proven by the year 2022 according to Annas Kharisma (Manager Customer care PT.Telkom) PT. Telkom also obtained the first highest percentage for marketing reaching 117% ADD ON installation in Regional 5 (East Java) with the installation of more than 400 SSL (Secure Socket Layer).