bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maria Antonieta na exibição do Salon du Louvre de 1783: moda, nudez, classe e sexualidade feminina
Authors: Goebel Felipe
Published: May 2022

O artigo analisa a apresentação do retrato de Maria Antonieta en gaulle na Exibição do Salon du Louvre de 1783 e seus desdobramentos. O quadro, pintado por Elisabeth Vigée LeBrun, chocou o público espectador, causando escândalo e condenações variadas, devido ao estilo das roupas e de apresentação pessoal adotado pela Rainha da França na pintura. Questões relacionadas ao corpo, à nudez e à sexualidade feminina fazem-se presentes na polêmica gerada pelo retrato, juntamente com pontos de disputa relativos à distinção das classes sociais e com críticas pessoais à Maria Antonieta e à sociedade de corte. Mais do que apenas uma escolha ruim de estilo, a pintura e seus significados elucidam os debates acirrados sobre a presença e atuação das mulheres na esfera pública, funcionando como um catalisador nas disputas sobre esses pontos na opinião pública às vésperas da Revolução Francesa.
A roupa de Martiniano Medina: moda e masculinidades em São Paulo (1905-1919)
Authors: Maia Blois Carolina , Fernando de Souza Campos Paulo
Published: May 2022

O artigo analisa transformações identitárias masculinas paulistanas no início do século XX a partir da experiência de Martiniano Medina, registrada em uma documentação epistolar caracterizada por 25 correspondências e uma carte-de-visite. A roupa usada para a fotografia permite compreender mudanças sociais e culturais da cidade de São Paulo. Pautada teórica e metodologicamente na micro-história a pesquisa analisa a moda a partir de uma experiência individual, compreendendo a vestimenta não somente como mecanismo de padronização de identidade de gênero, mas como dimensão da linguagem que comunica e evidencia, no caso, uma nova masculinidade.
Garotas usam calça, gravata & paletó: novos modelos de feminilidades na Revista Pop (anos 1970)
Authors: Schaefer França Maureen , Ribeiro dos Santos Marinês
Published: May 2022

Nos anos 1970, a contracultura e os movimentos gay e feminista tensionaram significados hegemônicos de gênero. Tais transformações comportamentais, materializadas por meio de roupas e de práticas corporais, foram apropriadas pela indústria da moda. Nesta perspectiva, nosso objetivo é analisar como o uso de calças, gravatas e paletós por garotas, em um editorial de moda da Pop - primeira revista destinada ao público jovem no Brasil, que circulou na década de 1970 -, tensionou normativas de gênero, ampliando os limites para a construção dos corpos. A discussão, apoia-se, sobretudo, na articulação entre as áreas dos Estudos de Gênero e História da Moda. Nossa pesquisa indica que o look analisado funcionou, em certa medida, como uma estratégia material de tensionamento do conservadorismo social, produzindo modelos de feminilidades mais livres.
Antenna Characteristic Mode Analysis and Applications
Authors: He Zi , Guan Ling , Chen Rushan
Published: May 2022

In the field of electromagnetism, the characteristic mode (CM) method has been applied to theoretical analysis and engineering design of electromagnetic scattering and radiation due to its clear physical meaning and complete theory. In this article, the CMs are used as the entire‐domain basis functions for solving electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems of large‐scale, arbitrary arrangement of repetitive structures.

Firstly, the CM method for solving the scattering problems of nonconnected repetitive structures is reviewed, and the source mode is introduced to compensate the accuracy when analyzing radiation problems. Secondly, for connected repetitive structures, the buffer region is proposed to guarantee the current continuity on the surface of the conductor, and half‐SWG basis functions are used for dielectric connected structures. Thirdly, a series of acceleration methods are proposed to improve the computational efficiency. To generate the reduced matrix fast, the translation invariance of repetitive structures and interpolation technology are utilized to fill the matrix entries. Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm (MLFMA) is also used to accelerate the matrix–vector products (MVPs) between the impedance matrix and the eigenvectors. At last, a hybrid MPI–OPENMP parallel scheme is proposed for solving large‐scale finite array. The numerical examples have shown that the proposed method has a good accuracy and efficiency. It provides a strong tool for designing and optimizing antenna arrays and other EM repetitive structures.
Silicon Photonics for Future Computing Systems
Authors: Shafiee Amin , Pasricha Sudeep , Nikdast Mahdi
Published: May 2022

The primary goal of this article is to provide an overview of silicon photonics technology and its applications in the design and improvement of current and future computing systems. We start by reviewing silicon photonics technology and introducing some of its benefits and challenges as well as providing some background on it. Next, we introduce some fundamental silicon photonic components in the design of silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and optical interconnect for computing systems as well as their operating principles and applications. These components can be active, such as photodetectors and optical modulators, or passive, such as silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) waveguides. Subsequently, we discuss the application of silicon photonics to improve the communication and computation infrastructure in future computing systems, while reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art and some design and implementation challenges. Finally, we discuss several research opportunities to push forward the application of silicon photonics in the design of future computing systems.
Fault Location: The Models, Methods, and Solutions
Authors: Kezunovic Mladen , Dokic Tatjana , Esmaeilian Ahad , Gopalakrishnan Ashok , Liao Yuan , Lotfifard Saeed
Published: May 2022

Determining fault location in power systems using the available measurements and models is an important task since it allows the maintenance crews to inspect the site where the fault may have occurred, inspect the equipment, make repairs, and allow the operators to restore the service. Our article examines the fault‐location background, offers an overview of the basics of fault‐location algorithms, and surveys approaches to determining transmission line model parameters first. We cover the fault‐location methods based on the measurements of the waveforms reflecting electromagnetic transients, phasors, and electromechanical transients. We finally discuss the algorithms based on a combination of physics‐ and data‐based methods used for determining fault location in distribution systems and reflect on the algorithms for predicting faults in both transmission and distribution systems. We summarize the state of the art and critical implementation issues at the end followed by a comprehensive set of references.
Emerging Memory Structures for VLSI Circuits
Authors: Garzón Esteban , Yavits Leonid , Lanuzza Marco , Teman Adam
Published: May 2022

Ever since the emergence of the electrical computer and the Von Neumann model, computer architects have adhered to a well‐structured hierarchy of memory solutions, clearly trading off performance and capacity with cost. The ubiquitous memory technologies, dominated by SRAM, DRAM, Flash, and magnetic hard disks, are each situated in a well‐defined location within this hierarchy. However, as processes have scaled into deep nanometer feature sizes and the demand for larger capacities and bandwidths increases, these traditional options face tough challenges and may be limited in their ability to continue to provide the new requirements. New technologies, such as phase change memory (PCM), magnetic RAM (MRAM), and resistive RAM (RRAM), have been researched and developed over the recent past in an attempt to meet these demands and replace some or all of the traditional technologies. In this article, the primary technologies are overviewed, including those that currently fill the memory hierarchy pyramid, the primary candidates to join or replace them in the near‐term, and a number of newer candidates that may arise as legitimate solutions in the farther term. In addition, an overview of the current state of processing within the emerging memory technologies is provided, as an attempt to break free of the traditional Von Neumann paradigm to overcome the energy and performance bottlenecks in modern systems.
Variational Bayes
Authors: Tran Minh‐Ngoc , Nott David , Kohn Robert
Published: May 2022

Variational Bayes (VB) is widely used in statistics, machine learning, and related fields as an efficient approach for approximate Bayesian inference. This article briefly introduces VB, explains its core ideas, and provides a list of references for further reading.
Spatial Entropy Measures
Authors: Cocchi Daniela , Altieri Linda
Published: May 2022

The article reviews, under a unified framework, the main approaches to spatial entropy measures. It also illustrates the recent proposal of a set of entropy measures for spatial data, which allows to split the data heterogeneity, usually assessed via Shannon's entropy, into two components: spatial mutual information, identifying the role of space, and spatial residual entropy, measuring heterogeneity due to other sources. Some practical aspects are also covered by presenting the available software for the computation of the considered measures.
Antiviral Use and Health Care Use Among US Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Influenza in Three Influenza Seasons, 2016‐2019
Authors: Neuberger Edward E. , To Tu My , Seetasith Arpamas , Arndorfer Stella M. , Wallick Chris J.
Published: May 2022

Objective

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are vulnerable to severe complications of influenza. We assessed whether health care resource use (HRU) and costs differed between patients with RA and influenza who received antiviral medication compared with matched patients with RA and influenza not receiving antiviral therapy.

Methods

This was a retrospective US health insurance claims analysis over three influenza seasons (each October to April) in 2016‐2019. Adults with RA and a subsequent diagnosis of influenza were included. Treated patients (receiving antiviral influenza treatment within 2 days of diagnosis) and untreated patients were propensity score matched using baseline covariates. HRU and costs were assessed for inpatient, emergency department (ED), and outpatient visits and compared between cohorts using χ2 tests and t tests.

Results

After matching, 2638 treated and 1319 untreated patients were included. For treated versus untreated patients, the mean number of all‐cause outpatient visits was 0.96 versus 1.21 during 14 days of follow‐up (P < 0.001) and 1.94 versus 2.24 over 28 days (P = 0.001), respectively. Over 28 days, the mean number of all‐cause ED visits was lower among treated (0.23) than untreated (0.30) patients (P = 0.042). The mean number of respiratory‐related outpatient visits was significantly lower for treated versus untreated patients, and mean costs for these visits were $17.89 versus $35.27 over 14 days (P < 0.001) and $28.92 versus $48.77 over 28 days (P < 0.001) for treated versus untreated patients, respectively.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that prompt antiviral treatment after influenza diagnosis may reduce HRU and costs in patients with RA.
Minimal Surface‐Based Materials for Topological Elastic Wave Guiding
Authors: Guo Yuning , Rosa Matheus Inguaggiato Nora , Gupta Mohit , Dolan Benjamin Emerson , Fields Brandon , Valdevit Lorenzo , Ruzzene Massimo
Published: May 2022

Materials based on minimal surface geometries have shown superior strength and stiffness at low densities, which makes them promising continuous‐based material platforms for a variety of engineering applications. In this work, it is demonstrated how these mechanical properties can be complemented by dynamic functionalities resulting from robust topological guiding of elastic waves at interfaces that are incorporated into the considered material platforms. Starting from the definition of Schwarz P minimal surface, geometric parametrizations are introduced that break spatial symmetry by forming 1D dimerized and 2D hexagonal minimal surface‐based materials. Breaking of spatial symmetries produces topologically non‐trivial interfaces that support the localization of vibrational modes and the robust propagation of elastic waves along pre‐defined paths. These dynamic properties are predicted through numerical simulations and are illustrated by performing vibration and wave propagation experiments on additively manufactured samples. The introduction of symmetry‐breaking topological interfaces through parametrizations that modify the geometry of periodic minimal surfaces suggests a new strategy to supplement the load‐bearing properties of this class of materials with novel dynamic functionalities.
Emerging Liquid Metal Biomaterials: From Design to Application
Authors: Wang Luyang , Lai Runze , Zhang Lichen , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei
Published: May 2022

Liquid metals (LMs) as emerging biomaterials possess unique advantages including their favorable biosafety, high fluidity, and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities, thus providing a unique platform for a wide range of biomedical applications ranging from drug delivery, tumor therapy, and bioimaging to biosensors. The structural design and functionalization of LMs endow them with enhanced functions such as enhanced targeting ability and stimuli responsiveness, enabling them to achieve better and even multifunctional synergistic therapeutic effects. Herein, the advantages of LMs in biomedicine are presented. The design of LM‐based biomaterials with different scales ranging from micro‐/nanoscale to macroscale and various components is explored in‐depth to promote the understanding of structure–property relationships, guiding their performance optimization and applications. Furthermore, the related advanced progress in the development of LM‐based biomaterials in biomedicine is summarized. Current challenges and prospects of LMs in the biomedical field are also discussed.
Ultrathin Sb2Se3 Nanowires for Polarimetric Imaging Photodetectors with a High Signal/Noise Ratio
Authors: Zhang Songqing , Wang Han , Kirchner Maxwell Merle , Liu Junliang , Luo Huijia , Ren Yongling , Yuan Cailei , Hattori Haroldo Takashi , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Lei Wen
Published: May 2022

This work presents a study on the optical applications of chemical vapor deposition‐grown Sb2Se3 nanowires in polarized single nanowire photodetectors. High‐quality Sb2Se3 nanowires are obtained with diameters as small as ≈15 nm, which is the first report for ultrathin Sb2Se3 nanowires. The fabricated Sb2Se3 nanowire‐based photodetector presents a low shot noise of ≈ 9 × 10–16 A Hz–1/2, a large signal/noise ratio of 1436.55, a high responsivity of 3.61 A W–1, and a high specific detectivity of 2.36 × 1011 Jones, which can be attributed to the high‐quality crystalline nanowires obtained. More interestingly, the Sb2Se3 nanowire‐based photodetectors exhibit broadband polarized photoresponse to incident light with wavelengths ranging from visible to near‐infrared (532 – 830 nm). A linearly dichroic ratio of 1.71 is obtained for the 830 nm light illumination. The Sb2Se3 nanowire detectors also present appropriate polarimetric imaging quality, revealing the potential of Sb2Se3 nanowires for polarimetric imaging applications.
ZnO‐Reinforced Thermal Regulating Microcapsules with Double‐Layer Shell via Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Li Linfeng , Wu Xi , Zhu Xiaomeng , Li Yuanyuan , Zou Liyi , Wang Xiuli , Li Wenbin , Cheng Xiaomin
Published: May 2022

Conventional plain organic or inorganic shell for microcapsules has their own drawbacks, the organic shell has defects in thermal conductivity and stability; while the compactness and coverage of inorganic shell are not satisfactory. Herein, a novel approach to synthesis of organic–inorganic composite double‐layer shell phase change microcapsule (DLSPCM) is proposed, which is achieved by forming inorganic outer shell on the surface of organic shell via atomic layer deposition (ALD). Taking the pristine microcapsule with paraffin core and melamine formaldehyde (MF) shell as an example, MF‐ZnO composite double‐layer shell (DLS) is formed in this paper. The melting enthalpy of DLSPCM obtained by 100 ALD cycles is 159.7 J g−1, which is only 12.1 J g−1 lower than that of paraffin @ MF microcapsules (control sample), while the thermal conductivity of DLSPCM surges by 77.8%, and the thermal energy storage ability and thermal regulation performance are basically maintained. After 900 thermal cycles, the heat storage capacity of DLSPCM obtained by 100 ALD cycles decreased by only 3%. Besides, the photocatalytic performance and antibacterial activity of ZnO‐reinforced DLSPCM are further confirmed. The successful design of DLSPCM via ALD is prospective for the encapsulation, modification, and reinforcement of phase change microcapsules.
Bioinspired, Simulation‐Guided Design of Polyhedron Metamaterial for Simultaneously Efficient Heat Dissipation and Energy Absorption
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Song Bo , Yao Yonggang , Zhang Lei , Wang Xiaobo , Fan Junxiang , Shi Yusheng
Published: May 2022

Light‐weight, high‐strength metamaterials with excellent heat dissipation and energy absorption capabilities are of great interest to aerospace and automobile applications. Particularly, innovative structure design and its successful realization are paramount but often challenging due to the vast design space and associated complex manufacturing. Herein, in this study, inspired by pomelo peel's superior shielding protection to the pulp, bionic polyhedron metamaterials (BPMs) that imitate the pomelo peel are designed and realized by metal 3D printing to achieve not only superior heat dissipation but also high energy absorption. Guided by experiments and numerical simulations, the BPM with circular struts possesses the highest Nusselt number, lowest pressure drop, and friction factor at Re = 7000–30000. Above results integrated lead to that the BPM with circular struts exhibit a higher thermal efficiency index that exceeds 1 at 0.92 porosity. Furthermore, the BPM with circular struts possesses moderate specific energy absorption in existing mechanical metamaterials for their corresponding density, which has potential for gas turbines and some cooling structures. The above findings will guide the design of metamaterials with high heat dissipation and energy absorption.
Tailoring Photoinduced Nonequilibrium Magnetizations in In2Se3 Bilayers
Authors: Sun Yan , Mu Xingchi , Xue Qianqian , Zhou Jian
Published: May 2022

Magnetization generation and accumulation in intrinsically nonmagnetic materials is one of the key routes to various exotic applications, especially realizing fast information storage and memory devices. Among the various approaches for magnetization injection, light irradiation is advantageous for its noncontacting and non‐invasive nature, and has been receiving great attention during the past few decades. In the current work, a quadratic response theory and first‐principles calculations are applied to reveal photoinduced magnetization in recently discovered 2D In2Se3 bilayers. The ferroelectric In2Se3 bilayers can be (meta‐) stabilized in versatile stacking patterns, exhibiting largely tunable electronic band structure, and optical feature. Hence, it is suggested that under circularly polarized light illumination, the system can show different photoinduced magnetization responses with large contrast in different stacking patterns. The magnetizations are composed by both spin and orbital angular momentum contributions, which can reach as large as 1μB under a laser with intermediate intensity (≈109 W cm–2). This magnitude can be easily observed and furthermore manipulated in the state‐of‐the‐art experimental techniques. The proposal suggests a candidate material platform to explore the interplay among spintronics, orbitronics, nonlinear optics, and ferroelectrics in a single platform.
Microwave‐Assisted Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Aryl/Heteroaryl‐4‐Quinolones via Sequential Intramolecular Aza‐Michael Addition and Oxidation
Authors: Singh Priti , Kumar Sahoo Santosh , Sridhar Goud Nerella , Swain Baijayantimala , Madhavi Yaddanapudi Venkata , Arifuddin Mohammed
Published: May 2022

A protocol has been developed that allows the synthesis of 2‐aryl/heteroaryl‐4‐quinolones from readily available, affordable starting materials. The reaction proceeds under microwave conditions with moderate to high yields in the presence of copper catalyst. Short reaction time, good functional group tolerance, high atom economy, non‐toxic byproduct and no use of special ligands emphasize the applicability of this method in organic synthesis.
[8+3]‐Cycloaddition Reactions of Heptafulvenes or Azaheptafulvenes with α‐Halohydroxamates
Authors: Xie Lei , Hu Lina , Wu Ping , Zhao Yunxu , Li Guiling , Cui Jichun , Gao Zhenzhen , Wu Lingang , Nie Shaozhen
Published: May 2022

The base‐mediated higher‐order [8+3]‐cycloaddition reactions of heptafulvenes or azaheptafulvenes with α‐halohydroxamates have been achieved under mild and metal‐free conditions. These reactions do not only provide a direct route for the synthesis of highly functionalized cycloheptatriene‐fused piperidinones and piperazinones in moderate to excellent yields, but they also enrich the chemistry of heptafulvenes and azaheptafulvenes. Furthermore, gram‐scale reactions and further derivatizations demonstrated the synthetic potential of these cycloaddition reactions.
Heteroleptic nickel complexes bearing O‐methyldithiophosphate and aminodiphosphine monosulfide ligands as robust molecular electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chen Luo , Xie Bin , Li Tao , Lai Chuan , Cao Jia‐Xi , Ji Ren‐Wu , Liu Meng‐Nan , Li Wei , Zhang Dong‐Liang , He Jia‐Yu
Published: May 2022

Five new heteroleptic nickel complexes containing O‐methyldithiophosphate and aminodiphosphine monosulfide ligands, [Ni((PPh2)({S}PPh2)NR)(S2P{O}OCH3)] (R = (CH2)4CH3 (1), (CH2)3OCH3 (2), (CH2)3SCH3 (3), (CH2)2CH(CH3)2 (4), and C6H4CH3–4 (5)), were synthesized by two different methods at room temperature. All complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], and ultraviolet–visible [UV–vis]), single crystal X‐ray diffraction as well as thermogravimetric analysis. In the crystal structures of 1–4 and 5⋅CH2Cl2, the nickel atom locates in a slightly distorted square‐planar coordination by one phosphorous atom and three sulfur atoms from the aminodiphosphine monodulfide and O‐meyldithiophosphate ligands. Furthermore, their electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalytic performances for the reduction proton to hydrogen have also been evaluated by the cyclic voltammetry using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as the proton source. With the addition of 120 mM TFA to MeCN solution of 1–5 (1.0 mM), the turnover frequencies are estimated to be 494–706 s−1, and the corresponding overpotentials are 0.61–0.70 V versus Fc+/Fc, respectively. This finding diagnoses that the heteroleptic nickel complexes can serve as robust and effective molecular electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.
Improving the Performance of Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries by Inhibiting Zinc Dendrite Growth: Recent Progress
Authors: Ho Van‐Chuong , Lim Hana , Kim Myung Jun , Mun Junyoung
Published: May 2022

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising candidates for the next‐generation high‐energy storage devices, owing to their resource availability, low cost, eco‐friendliness, and high safety. The zinc (Zn) metal anode in a suitable battery system, including an electrolyte and a high‐performance cathode electrode, can deliver an excellent electrochemical performance. However, several obstacles must be overcome to utilize aqueous ZIBs. Among these, Zn dendrite growth, corrosion, and side reactions severely impair the performance of rechargeable ZIBs. To deal with these issues, a profound understanding of the mechanism of the matter occurring in electrochemical cycles is essential to thoroughly solve the challenges. Instead of focusing solely on techniques for improving the performance of Zn metal anodes, this review delves into and summarizes the causes of side reactions and dendrite formation, thereby establishing a logical system of methodologies for improving the electrochemical performance of mild aqueous ZIBs. The correlation between the Zn metal anode, aqueous electrolyte, separators and the performance of ZIBs is also discussed in detail. There is also a brief perspective on the future development of Zn metal anodes in aqueous solutions. This study sheds a light on the challenges associated with the construction of high‐performance ZIBs, which will significantly aid in their practical implementation.
Synthesis and Properties of BN‐embedded N‐Perylene
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Liu Guiru , Cao Jing , Chen Yuanyuan , Gao Lei , Liu Guanghua , Dai Gaole , Wang Qing
Published: May 2022

A B−N embedded nitrogen‐annulated perylene has been successfully synthesized. The resultant molecule BN−NP is isoelectronic to coronene, but owns a five‐membered pyrrole ring. Experiments and DFT calculations indicated that peripheral pyrrole and BN modifications endow BN−NP with various unique properties like bent structure, dual emission, efficient Lewis acidic response, peripheral aromaticity, narrowest energy band gap among all coronene isoelectronic structures and so on.
It's time for the Board to step up and step in
Authors: Shaw Nzinga “Zing”
Published: May 2022

Nzinga “Zing” Shaw is president of TurnkeyZRG and Managing Director of Diversity, Equity & Inclusion at ZRG Partners. In this article, she discusses the role that boards have in guiding their organization's response to emerging social justice issues.
Navigating value networks to co‐create sustainable business models: An actionable staging approach
Authors: Pedersen Signe , Clausen Christian , Jørgensen Michael Søgaard
Published: May 2022

Sustainable transitions typically require collaboration between multiple actors in the value chain or value network. Recent research has emphasized mapping of stakeholders and values as a starting point for identifying opportunities to realign these relationships, followed by business model experimentation to enable change. However, a simple mapping exercise does not consider the interplay between actors' concerns, business models, and interpretations of sustainability. Pedersen et al. (2022) advocated that aligning concerns is essential to collaborative design and innovation, and requires continuous negotiation between multiple actors. Here, we present a microlevel in‐depth case study to examine how alignment across central value chain actors may be facilitated through the staging of numerous negotiations during the innovation process. Drawing on the staging negotiation spaces co‐design framework, we provide insight into the content of multiple negotiations concerned with different aspects of sustainability during the development of a more sustainable laundry service system on the Danish island of Bornholm. Our findings illustrate how both value chain actors and a third‐party intermediary stage negotiations, and elaborate the framework by attending to the strategic navigational efforts of network alignment through negotiations.
Review recent cases involving academic discipline
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: May 2022

An overview of the key topics faced by campus administrators with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
Ursolic acid silences CYP19A1/aromatase to suppress gastric cancer growth
Authors: Ma Wen‐Lung , Chang Ning , Yu Yingchun , Su Yu‐Ting , Chen Guan‐Yu , Cheng Wei‐Chung , Wu Yang‐Chang , Li Ching‐Chia , Chang Wei‐Chun , Yang Juan‐Cheng
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Gastric cancer (GCa) is a malignancy with few effective treatments. Ursolic acid (UA), a bioactive triterpenoid enriched in Hedyotis diffusa Willd, known to suppress GCa without identified target. CYP19A1 (cytochrome P450 family 19A1; also known as aromatase, Ar) was correlated to GCa prognosis. Relatedly, Ar silencers, which halt the expression of Ar exhibited anti‐GCa effects in experimental models, are currently being investigated.

Method

The docking simulation score of UA was compared with Ar inhibitors, e.g., letrozole, exemestane, in Ar protein crystallization. Hedyotis diffusa Willd ethanol extract, UA, or 5‐fluracil were applied onto AGS, SC‐M1, MKN45 GCa cells for cancer inhibition tests. Immunoblot for measuring gene expressions upon drug treatments, or gene knockdown/overexpression. Treatments were also applied in a MKN45 implantation tumor model. A web‐based GCa cohort for Ar expression association with prognosis was performed.

Result

The ethanol extracts of Hedyotis diffusa Willd, enrich with UA, exhibited cytotoxic activity against GCa cells. Molecular docking simulations with the 3D Ar structure revealed an excellent fitting score for UA. UA increase cytotoxic, and suppressed colony, in addition to its Ar silencing capacity. Moreover, UA synergistically facilitated 5‐FU, (a standard GCa treatment) regimen in vitro. Consistent with those results, adding estradiol did not reverse the cancer‐suppressing effects of UA, which confirmed UA acts as an Ar silencer. Furthermore, UA exhibited tumor‐suppressing index (TSI) score of 90% over a 6‐week treatment term when used for single dosing in xenograft tumor model. In the clinical setting, Ar expression was found to be higher in GCa tumors than normal parental tissue from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) cohort, while high Ar expression associated with poor prognosis. Together, the results indicate UA could be used to treat GCa by silencing Ar expression in GCa. Hedyotis diffusa Willd ethanol extract could be an functional food supplements.
Advanced Insights into Catalytic and Structural Features of the Zinc‐Dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Thauera aromatica
Authors: Stark Frances , Loderer Christoph , Petchey Mark , Grogan Gideon , Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B.
Published: May 2022

The asymmetric reduction of ketones to chiral hydroxyl compounds by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) is an established strategy for the provision of valuable precursors for fine chemicals and pharmaceutics. However, most ADHs favor linear aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds, and suitable biocatalysts with preference for cyclic ketones and diketones are still scarce. Among the few candidates, the alcohol dehydrogenase from Thauera aromatica (ThaADH) stands out with a high activity for the reduction of the cyclic α‐diketone 1,2‐cyclohexanedione to the corresponding α‐hydroxy ketone. This study elucidates catalytic and structural features of the enzyme. ThaADH showed a remarkable thermal and pH stability as well as stability in the presence of polar solvents. A thorough description of the substrate scope combined with the resolution and description of the crystal structure, demonstrated a strong preference of ThaADH for cyclic α‐substituted cyclohexanones, and indicated structural determinants responsible for the unique substrate acceptance.
Pneumoparotid related to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treated by oral appliance with anterior opening to reduce intraoral pressure
Authors: Yoshida Kazuya
Published: May 2022

Pneumoparotid is associated with retrograde air insufflation in Stensen's duct and the parotid gland. A 57‐year‐old man experienced swelling and pain in the right parotid region after sleeping during a flight. Pneumoparotid and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were diagnosed. Pneumoparotid was suspected as caused by increased intraoral pressure during sleep; thus, an oral appliance to reduce intraoral pressure was effective. After 9 years, the symptoms recurred on the left side. The appliance was reinserted and helped substantially. This is the first case report of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome accompanying pneumoparotid, treated effectively with an oral appliance, with a 10‐year follow‐up.
Left ventricular thrombosis and endogenous endophthalmitis in the setting of COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Zibaeenezhad Mohammad Javad , Moaref Alireza , Abtahi Firoozeh , Moghadami Mohsen , Johari Mohammad Karim , Ardekani Ali , Keshavarz Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Aside from typical pneumonia, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has shown several extra‐pulmonary manifestations. This study was done on a 66‐year‐old male patient who concomitantly had endogenous endophthalmitis and left ventricular thrombosis one month after being hospitalized due to COVID‐19.
A Foam‐Expansion and Wall‐Evolution Model for Scaffold Fabrication Using Supercritical CO2 Foaming
Authors: Hatami Tahmasb , Cidreira Anne Carolyne Mendonça , Linan Lamia Zuniga , Innocentini Mei Lucia Helena
Published: May 2022

Supercritical CO2 foaming (SCF) is a green and highly controllable technique to fabricate polymer scaffolds. In the current work, SCF was modeled mathematically by combining a foam‐expansion model (FEM) and a wall‐evolution model (WEM). The model package is clearly presented, its solution strategy is precisely described, and its superiority over FEM is demonstrated. The model was validated by using experimental data of poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds fabricated by the SCF technique at 300 bar and 50 °C with first and second pressure releases of 28.6 and 200 bar min−1, respectively. It was revealed that coupling FEM and WEM enables the prediction of scaffold density, pore radius, pore geometry, and wall thickness at the same time.
Using Hybrid Coupling Processes for the Treatment of Waste Containing Halosulfuron‐Methyl Herbicide
Authors: Souza Fernanda L. , Linares José J. , Ferreira Neidenei G. , Lanza(s) Marcos R. V.
Published: May 2022

This work aims to demonstrate the importance of coupling different degradation processes for the removal of the commercial herbicide Halosulfuron‐Methyl (HSM). Using anode oxidation (AO) on boron‐doped diamond as the base process; cathodically produced H2O2 (AO/H2O2), UV light (AO/UV), AO/UV/H2O2, electro‐Fenton and photoelectron Fenton (PEF) are employed as hybrid processes for HSM degradation. All hybrid processes employed in the study exhibited synergism with AO, and the UV‐irradiated processes presented an outstanding performance. In particular, the AO/UV/H2O2 process exhibited 90 % mineralization after 3 h of treatment, whereas the PEF process exhibited a complete removal of HSM after 45 min of treatment. In addition to the noticeable advantages of hybridization, the application of higher current densities is found to accelerate the degradation/mineralization of the compound of interest, although the process tends to be more energy demanding. In such a case, the use of a hybrid treatment process coupled to UV‐irradiation allows one to mitigate this constraint while contributing toward obtaining higher mineralization degrees. The degradation/mineralization of more concentrated solutions is, however, found to occur more sluggishly under the treatment mechanisms investigated here, requiring longer times, although the process is noticeably more efficient in photo‐irradiated processes, which recorded current efficiencies of above 100 %.
Perovskite LaSrCoFeO6 Oxide Enabled Visible Light Catalytic Aerobic Epoxidation of Styrene
Authors: Ke Qingping , Fang Shuai , Tang Jun , Li Fengfeng , Ning Chuantao , Tang Zhicheng , Ling Qiang , Liu Xiangchun , Cui Ping
Published: May 2022

In the search for a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the epoxidation of styrene, it is still a challenge to develop a system that simultaneously possesses superior catalytic activity and selectivity under aerobic conditions. Herein, we report the use of perovskite LaSrCoFeO6 (LSCF) as a heterogeneous and visible‐light catalyst, and determine that LSCF acts as a highly efficient catalyst for the epoxidation of styrene under aerobic conditions. The formation of 1O2 species transformed from O2⋅− species were proposed as reactive oxygen species for the epoxidation of styrene over the LSCF catalyst, where the directional generation of O2⋅− species on the LSCF catalyst is the key step to yield highly selective epoxidation of styrene. The experimental results of styrene epoxidation show that when the molar ratio of styrene and LSCF catalyst is 150 : 1 and the reaction is under the conditions of visible light (440 nm) and 100 °C for 6 h, the conversion of styrene and selectivity of styrene oxide reached 99.9 % and 80.3 %, respectively. The reaction rate over LSCF catalyst is as high as 50 mmol ⋅ gcat−1 ⋅ h−1. In addition, the reaction kinetics of the epoxidation of styrene over LSCF catalyst was systematically studied.
Sustainable Production of Bioactive Molecules from C‐Lignin‐Derived Propenylcatechol
Authors: Song Weihong , Du Qinglian , Li Xiancheng , Wang Shuizhong , Song Guoyong
Published: May 2022

Catechyl lignin (C‐lignin) is a naturally occurring linear homogeneous biopolymer composed solely of caffeyl alcohol subunits with cleavable benzodioxane linkages. The inherent structural features of propenylcatechol, a direct depolymerized product of castor seed coats C‐lignin, render it a sustainable and promising platform for the synthesis of bioactive molecules. Herein, diversified transformations of propenylcatechol, including C=C bond difunctionalization, β‐modification, β,γ‐rearrangement, and γ‐methyl derivatization, were reported based on known or developed methods. A series of functional molecular skeletons involved in the current synthetic routes for the preparation of pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules were obtained. Starting from castor seed coats, annuloline (natural product) and CC‐5079 (antitumor) were synthesized using facile and inexpensive reagents in only four‐ and five‐sequence reactions, respectively, thereby demonstrating a superior step‐efficiency to that of reported synthetic routes. Almost all atoms in the C‐lignin biopolymer were incorporated into the final products owing to the intrinsic structures of naturally occurring C‐lignin. Bioactive molecules produced from C‐lignin integrate a low‐carbon footprint with high‐quality and economical manufacture of pharmaceuticals.
Input‐voltage and output‐current equalization of series‐in parallel‐out three‐phase multi‐module voltage source converter‐based high voltage direct current shunt tap
Authors: Elserougi Ahmed A.
Published: May 2022

Conventionally, high voltage direct current (HVDC) shunt taps are used to feed a three‐phase local network by employing a DC‐AC 2‐Level voltage source converter (2L‐VSC), where its DC side is connected to the DC‐link voltage, while its AC side is fed to a step‐down transformer to meet the local network voltage level. To meet the high‐voltage ratings of the 2L‐VSC, series‐connected Insulated‐Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) should be employed with proper static and dynamic voltage sharing of the involved IGBTs per each valve. To avoid the complexity and challenges of series‐connected devices, an alternative solution for HVDC shunt tap is proposed in this paper, where DC‐AC inverter based on series‐input parallel‐output multi‐module 2L‐VSCs with input‐voltages and output‐currents equalization is employed, which enables employing of IGBTs with relatively medium‐voltage rating. In the proposed architecture, the AC sides of VSCs are fed to step‐down transformers, where the transformers' secondary sides are connected in parallel for current sharing purpose. Simulation results for normal as well as abnormal operating condition are presented to show the dynamic performance of the proposed architecture and validate the presented voltage and currents equalization techniques. The proposed architecture is also compared with the other existing options to show the effectiveness of the suggested approach.
Survey on energy efficient dynamic sink optimum routing for wireless sensor network and communication technologies
Authors: Gupta Susheel Kumar , Singh Shailendra
Published: May 2022

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is frequently being used for increasing the data collection and monitoring critical parameters. Major challenge in WSN design is achieving the better energy efficiency and latency considering the dynamic sink location. Lots of research has been done for improving the performance of WSN systems in wide range of applications. Prime goal of this paper is to evaluate the performance of WSN routing under the grid‐based dynamic sink locations. Later the performance of various existing critical protocols is compared to route data over centralized server. Various applications of WSNs are tabulated along with the sensor utilization. The paper contributed in three passes. Initial contribution of this research is to identify the issues and limitations of present WSN communication technologies. The paper contributed to present a case study to discover the implications of dynamic sink routing for building protocol to extend network's lifetime. The effectiveness of several clustering‐based WSN routing algorithms is first compared in this paper. After that, the protocol with the longest network life is put to the test under a grid‐based dynamic sink routing scenario. The significance of clustering‐based protocols for improving lifetime of the network is evaluated as case study. The clustering‐based energy efficient protocol like low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and its different variants, PEGASIS, SEP, DEC, their variants, and so on, are compared in this paper. Various performance metrics like network delays, throughput, latency, energy consumption and network lifetime are defined for studying routing protocols. Significance of dynamic sink locations performance is evaluated for Enhanced Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering (EDEEC) protocol. Overall paper covers and reviewed many critical design aspects for WSN networks.
More than meets the eye: Examining physiological and behavioral regulation during delay of gratification task
Authors: Raghunathan Radhika S. , DiPietro Janet A. , Knudsen Nicole , Musci Rashelle J. , Johnson Sara B.
Published: May 2022

Children continually encounter situations where they must regulate impulsive responses to achieve a goal, requiring both self‐control (SC) and delay of gratification. We examined concurrent behavioral SC strategies (fidgeting, vocalizations, anticipation) and physiological regulation (heart rate [HR], respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) in 126 children (M (SD) = 5.4 (0.29) years) during a standard delay of gratification task. Latent variable models derived latent SC classes and examined the moderating role of HR/RSA on SC and delay ability. Three classes of SC were identified: passive: low fidgeting and vocalizations, moderate anticipation; active: moderate fidgeting, low vocalizations, and high anticipation; and disruptive: moderate fidgeting, high vocalizations, and high anticipation. Children in the active class had the lowest odds of delaying full task time, compared to children in the passive (OR = 0.67, z = −5.25, p < .001) and disruptive classes (OR = 0.76, z = −2.03, p = .04). RSA changes during the task moderated the relationship between SC class and delay ability for children in the active class (aOR = 0.92, z = −3.1, p < .01). Within the group who struggled to delay gratification (active class), a subset exhibiting appropriate autonomic regulation was able to delay. The findings suggest probing congruency of observed behavioral and unobserved physiological regulation.
Ecofriendly Hydroxyalkyl Cellulose Additives for Efficient and Stable MAPbI3‐Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Xuefeng , Lin Rui , Gu Hao , Hu Huichao , Liu Zheng , Xing Guichuan , Wu Yibing , Ouyang Xinhua
Published: May 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been demonstrated to be one of the most promising technologies in the field of renewable energy. However, the presence of the defects in the perovskite films greatly limits the efficiency and the stability of the PSCs. The additive engineering is one of the most effective approaches to overcome this problem. Most of the successful additives are extracted from the petroleum‐based materials, while the research on the biomass‐based additives is still lagging behind. In this paper, two ecofriendly hydroxyalkyl cellulose additives, i.e., hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and hydroxylpropyl cellulose (HPC), are investigated on the performance of the MAPbI3‐based inverted PSCs. Due to the strong interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose and the divalent cations of the perovskite, these additives enhance the crystal grain orientation and significantly repair the defects of the perovskite films. Working as the additives, these two cellulose derivatives show a strong passivation ability, which significantly reduces the trap density and improves the optoelectronic feature of the PSCs. Compared with the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the control device (19.19%), an enhancement of ~10% is achieved after the addition of HEC. The optimized device (PCE = 21.25%) with a long‐term stability (10:80 h, PCE = 20.93%) is achieved by the incorporation of the HEC additives into the precursor solution. It is the best performance among the PSCs with the cellulose additives up to now. This research provides a novel choice to develop a cost‐effective and renewable additive for the PSCs with high efficiency and excellent long‐term stability.
Recyclability and Self‐Healing of Dynamic Cross‐Linked Polyimide with Mechanical/Electrical Damage
Authors: Wan Baoquan , Zheng Ming‐Sheng , Yang Xing , Dong Xiaodi , Li Yuchao , Mai Yiu‐Wing , Chen George , Zha Jun‐Wei
Published: May 2022

Recyclability and self‐healing are two most critical factors in developing sustainable polymers to deal with environmental pollution and resource waste. In this work, a dynamic cross‐linked polyimide insulation film with full closed‐loop recyclability is successfully prepared, which also possesses good self‐healing ability after being mechanical/electrical damaged depending on the Schiff base dynamic covalent bonds. The recycled and self‐healed polyimide film still maintain its good tensile strength (σt) >60 MPa with Young's modulus (E) >4 GPa, high thermal stability with glass transition temperature (Tg) >220 °C, and outstanding insulation property with breakdown strength (E0) >358 kV mm−1, making it a very promising low energy consumption and high temperature resistant insulation material. The strategy of using Schiff base dynamic covalent bonds for reversible repairing the structure of high Tg polyimides promotes the wider application of such sustainable and recyclable material in the field of electrical power and micro‐electronics.
Electronegativity‐Induced Single‐Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Hou Tianyi , Qian Yumin , Li Dinggen , Xu Bo , Huang Zhenyu , Liu Xueting , Wang Haonan , Jiang Bowen , Xu Henghui , Huang Yunhui
Published: May 2022

The application of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is severely impeded by the insufficient ionic conductivity and low Li+ transference numbers (tLi+). Here, we report an iodine‐driven strategy to address both the two long‐standing issues of SPEs simultaneously. Electronegative iodine‐containing groups introduced on polymer chains effectively attract Li+ ions, facilitate Li+ transport, and promote the dissociation of Li salts. Meanwhile, iodine is also favorable to alleviate the strong O−Li+ coordination through a Lewis acid–base interaction, further improving the ionic conductivity and tLi+. As a proof of concept, an iodinated single‐ion conducting polymer electrolyte (IPE) demonstrates a high ionic conductivity of 0.93 mS cm−1 and a high tLi+ of 0.86 at 25 °C, which is among the best results ever reported for SPEs. Moreover, symmetric Li/Li cells with IPE achieve a long‐term stability over 2600 h through the in‐situ formed LiF‐rich interphase. As a result, Li−S battery with IPE maintains a high capacity of 623.7 mAh g−1 over 300 cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99%. When matched with intercalation cathode chemistries, Li/IPE/LiFePO4 and Li/IPE/LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 solid‐state batteries also deliver high‐capacity retentions of 95% and 97% at 0.2 C after 120 cycles, respectively.