bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio sobre Maltrato Infantil en Niños y Adolescentes de la Provincia de Buenos Aires
Authors: Sánchez Norma Inés , Cuenya Lucas
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo aportar descripciones actualizadas del fenómeno del maltrato en niños y adolescente de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 5341 casos de niños y adolescentes de 0 a 20 años intervenidos en el año 2010 por haber sido víctimas de maltrato. Se halló que el maltrato físico fue el motivo de intervención más frecuente. Las niñas presentaron mayor proporción de maltrato por abuso sexual, mientras que los niños registraron mayores proporciones de negligencia, maltrato físico y abandono. Se observó un incremento de la incidencia de abuso sexual en las adolescentes a partir de los 12 años. En conjunto, los datos evidencian que el sexo y la edad de la víctima se encuentran diferencialmente asociadas a los distintos tipos de maltrato, siendo variables pertinentes a ser tenidas en cuenta en futuras investigaciones y por los organismos de prevención y protección del maltrato.
Questionário de Eficácia Negocial de Conflitos na Escola (QENCE): validação de um instrumento para a construção de Paz nas escolas
Authors: Paiva Maria Olímpia Almeida , Cunha Pedro Fernando Santos Silva , Lourenço Abílio Afonso
Published: October 2024

Esta investigação teve como objetivo construir e validar o Questionário de Eficácia Negocial de Conflitos na Escola (QENCE). Foram utilizadas duas amostras de alunos do 3.º CEB e do Ensino Secundário de duas escolas públicas urbanas do Porto, uma com 622 alunos e outra com 505, esta última para confirmar a validação. Os resultados das amostras revelam valores de alfa de Cronbach de .84 e .87, respetivamente. Os dados sugerem a adequabilidade e a validade do QENCE para avaliar o construto em estudo. Considera-se relevante dar continuidade aos estudos psicométricos da escala.
Tendencias Disociativas e Incidentes de Tránsito
Authors: Montes Silvana Andrea , Poó Fernando Martín , Valle Virginia , López Soledad
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo analiza la relación entre tendencias disociativas e incidentes de tránsito en conductores de la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina (n=295). Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado para indagar el historial de incidentes de tránsito conjuntamente con variables sociodemográficas. Las tendencias disociativas se evaluaron mediante una versión modificada de la escala DES. Se aplicaron pruebas de diferencias de medias para analizar las diferencias en los puntajes de la DES según las diferentes categorías de incidentes. Los resultados indicaron que los conductores que informan algún tipo de incidente puntúan más alto en la escala total y en las tres sub-escalas de la DES (absorción e imaginación, amnesia y despersonalización). No obstante, las diferencias se presentan principalmente en los choques con daños materiales menores. Para otras categorías de incidentes no se observaron diferencias significativas. Se requieren más estudios para evaluar el rol de las tendencias disociativas como factor de riesgo en el ámbito vial.Palabras claves: Disociación; Conducción; Tránsito; Factores de Riesgo.Dissociative Tendencies and Traffic Incidents: This paper analyses the relationship between dissociative experiences and road traffic incidents (crashes and traffic tickets) in drivers (n=295) from Mar del Plata (Argentina) city. A self-report questionnaire was applied to assess traffic crash involvement and sociodemographic variables. Dissociative tendencies were assessed by a modified version of the DES scale. To examine differences in DES scores tests of the difference of means were applied. Drivers who reported to be previously involved in traffic incidents obtained higher puntuations in the dissociative experiences scale than drivers who did not report such events. This result is observed for the total scale and for the three sub-scales (absorption, amnesia and depersonalization). However, differences appeared mainly for minor damage collisions. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of dissociative tendencies as a risk factor in road traffic safety.Key Words: Dissociation; Driving; Traffic; Risk Factors
Alteraciones Neuropsicológicas y Emocionales en Niños Prematuros de muy Bajo Peso al Nacer
Authors: García Bermudez Olga , Cruz-Quintana Francisco , Sosa María Ángeles , Mañas Mauro , De la Cruz Jesús , Pérez-García Miguel
Published: October 2024

La  prematuridad  es  uno  de  los  problemas  de  salud  más  prevalentes  en  la población infantil de los países desarrollados. Entre un 8 y un 10% de los nacimientos ocurren antes de la 37ª semana de gestación y justifican el 75 % de la mortalidad perinatal y el 50% de la discapacidad en la infancia. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una evaluación de las posibles secuelas  neuropsicológicas  y  emocionales  a  los  7  años  de  edad  de  niños prematuros  comparándolo  con  niños  de  la  misma  edad  pero  nacidos  a término.  Instrumentos: Historias  Clínicas  y  Entrevistas.  Batería  de Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (BENI). Sistema de Evaluación de la Conducta  de  niños  y  Adolescentes  (BASC).  Los  resultados  han  mostrado que los niños prematuros presentan alteraciones centradas en la memoria la  función  ejecutiva  en  la  evaluación  neuropsicológica  y  en  problemas  de conducta  y  de  atención  en  la  evaluación  psicopatológica.  Estos  resultados deberían  considerarse  para  iniciar  programas  de  intervención  en  los  dos ámbitos  descritos  que  ayuden  a  estos  niños  a  superar  las  dificultades  que manifiestan por la presencia de dichos problemas. Palabras claves: Prematuridad;  Niños;  Secuelas  neuropsicológicas  y  emocionales;  Batería Neuropsicológica (BENI).   Memory Consolidation and Neural Substrate of Reward: Prematurity is one of the most relevant health problems among children in the developed countries.  Around  8  to  10%  of  children  birth  before  the  37  week  and/or with  a  very  low  birth  weight  (VLBW)  (1500  g).  This  causes  75%  of  the prenatal  mortality  and  the  50%  of  the  children  disability.  The  aim  of  this study  was  to  assess  neuropsychological  and  emotional  impairments  in  7 year old children who were born VLBW. A clinical interview, the Children Neuropsychological  Assessment  Battery,  and  the  Behavioral  Assessment System for Children (BASC) were administrated. VLBW children showed memory  and  executive  function  deficits,  as  well  as,  behavioral  and attention  problems.  These  results  highlight  the  importance  of  long  term follow up of the VLBW children and point out the necessity of developing adequate  neuropsychological  and  emotional  treatment  program  for  these children. Key Words: Prematurity; very low birth weight children; neuropsychological and emotional consequences; Bateria de Evaluación Neuropsicologica Infantil (BENI).
Inventario de Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Estudio: Análisis Psicométrico de una Versión Abreviada
Authors: Stover Juliana Beatriz , Uriel Fabiana , Fernández Liporace Mercedes
Published: October 2024

Se presentan análisis psicométricos de la versión abreviada del Inventario de Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Estudio (Fernández Liporace, Scheinsohn & Uriel, 2010; Uriel, Stover, Scheinsohn, Contini de González & Fernández Liporace, 2009; Weinstein, Schulte & Palmer, 1987) realizados sobre una muestra de estudiantes de nivel medio y universitario de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio se examinó la dimensionalidad del constructo obteniéndose índices de ajuste adecuados. Como complemento se replicó el análisis en sub-muestras segmentadas según nivel educativo y género y se añadió un procedimiento de bootstrap con 500 sub-muestras aleatorias, encontrándose resultados similares. Se estimó la consistencia de los factores mediante a de Cronbach y a ordinales, arribándose a valores aceptables. El adecuado comportamiento psicométrico de esta versión abreviada la vuelve disponible para su aplicación en los contextos de investigación y de aplicación, atendiendo al seguimiento de los estudiantes de nivel medio y universitario.Palabras claves: Estrategias de Aprendizaje; Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio; Confiabilidad; Consistencia Interna. Inventory of Learning and Study Strategies: Psychometric Analysis of an Abbreviated Version. Psychometric analyses on the short version of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (Fernández Liporace, Scheinsohn & Uriel, 2010; Uriel, Stover, Scheinsohn, Contini de González & Fernández Liporace, 2009; Weinstein, Schulte & Palmer, 1987), developed on High School and College students from Buenos Aires, are presented.  Its dimensionality was examined by confirmatory factor analysis, obtaining adequate fit indices. Analyses were replicated in sub-samples splitted by educational level and gender, adding a Bootstrap procedure with 500 randomized sub-samples, finding similar results. Factors´ consistency was calculated by a Cronbach and a ordinal, getting acceptable values. The correct psychometric behavior of this short version makes it available to be used in research and professional contexts, in order to follow students across their academic life, from High School to College.Key Words: Learning Strategies; Confirmatory Factor Analysis; Reliability; Internal Consistency.
Validez y confiabilidad de dos pruebas de capacidad de memoria de trabajo: Amplitud Aritmética y Amplitud de Conteo
Authors: Barreyro Juan Pablo , Injoque-Ricle Irene , Burin Débora
Published: October 2024

La memoria de trabajo se refiere al conjunto de procesos implicados en almacenamiento temporal y procesamiento concurrente (Baddeley, 2000). Las pruebas Amplitud Aritmética (Conway et al., 2005) y Amplitud de Conteo (Conway et al., 2005) son tareas que evalúan la capacidad verbal de la memoria de trabajo. El propósito de este artículo es presentar datos acerca de la confiabilidad y validez convergente de estas tareas. Las taras de amplitud aritmética y amplitud de conteo se administraron, junto con la tarea Amplitud de Lectura, a 88 alumnos universitarios, con una edad promedio de 23.10 años. El análisis de confiabilidad indicó una muy buena consistencia interna de los ítems y el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un muy buen ajuste a un modelo de un factor en el que se agruparon todas las pruebas. Esto indica que ambas pruebas son válidas y confiables para evaluar la capacidad verbal de la memoria de trabajo.Palabras claves: Memoria de Trabajo; Amplitud de Conteo; Amplitud Aritmética; Adaptación. Working Memory is a memory system involved in the storage and concurrent processing of information (Baddeley, 2000). Arithmetic Span (Conway et al., 2005) and Counting Span (Conway, et al. 2005) are two traditional verbal working memory capacity tasks. The aim of this article is to present reliability and validity data of Arithmetic and Counting Span Tasks. They were administered, along with Reading Span task, to 88 university students with a mean age of 23.10 years. The reliability analysis showed an excellent internal consistency, and a one factor model with a very good fit to the data was observed using a confirmatory factor analysis. These results indicate that both tasks are reliable and valid measures to assess verbal working memory capacity.Key Words:Working Memory; Counting Span; Arithmetic Span; Adaptation.
El lenguaje relacional ¿una pasarela? Su papel en el desarrollo de la flexibilidad cognitiva
Authors: Martín-Cánovas María , Gomila Antoni
Published: October 2024

En diversos trabajos, Gentner ha mostrado cómo el lenguaje relacional facilita la realización de tareas de razonamiento espacial analógico. En este trabajo planteamos esta hipótesis en el contexto más general del desarrollo de la flexibilidad cognitiva, entendida no solo a nivel representacional sino también ejecutivo, para hacer frente a las objeciones que consideran que tales tareas analógicas se pueden resolver en base a pistas perceptivas, sin razonamiento. Para ello modificamos la tarea de Ratterman y Gentner (1998) con la introducción de una variable nueva, el orden de los elementos, que incrementa la dificultad "ejecutiva" de la tarea y elimina la posibilidad de una respuesta sin comprensión relacional. Nuestros resultados confirman el efecto facilitador del lenguaje relacional en el desarrollo de la flexibilidad cognitiva en general. El efecto del orden de los elementos también se muestra, curiosamente, facilitando la tarea cuando los elementos están desordenados. Palabras claves: Desarrollo Cognitivo; Razonamiento Analógico; Relación Lenguaje-Pensamiento; Flexibilidad Cognitiva; Lenguaje Relacional.   Relational Language Facilitates the Development of Cognitive Flexibility: In several papers, Gentner has shown that relational language facilitates spatial analogical reasoning tasks. In this work we set this question in the context of the development of cognitive flexibility, understood not just as at the representation level, but also at the executive one. To this extent, we modify the design by Ratterman & Gentner (1988) by including order of presentation of the elements as a variable, to increase the executive demands of the task so that the elements to be mentally ordered, which also allows to exclude that the successful answer is based on perceptual appearance. Our results confirm the facilitatory effect of relational language on the development of cognitive flexibility. They also point that a disordered presentation also facilitates correct responses.Key Words: Cognitive Development; Analogical Reasoning; Relationship Between Language and Thought; Cognitive Flexibility; Relational Language.
Construccion de una Escala de Codependencia
Authors: Biscarra María Ayelén , Brandariz Romina Antonela , Lichtenberger Aldana , Peltzer Raquel , Cremonte Mariana
Published: October 2024

La codependencia sería un patrón disfuncional de relacionarse con los demás, que se ha descripto en familiares de dependientes de sustancias psicoactivas y de enfermos crónicos, que se caracterizaría por la dependencia emocional, la focalización extrema en el otro y el descuido hacia sí mismo. Objetivo: presentar resultados del proceso de construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar codependencia. Método: Se administró la Escala Argentina de Codependencia a una muestra por conveniencia de 347 sujetos entre 15 y 80 años, de Mar del Plata. Análisis: se utilizó AFE (método de extracción ejes principales) y se determinó el número de factores con Análisis Paralelo. Se evaluó la consistencia interna mediante Alfa de Cronbach. Se estimaron estadísticos a nivel del ítem. Resultados: se conservaron tres factores. La consistencia interna de la escala total y de las tres subescalas fue satisfactoria. Los familiares de personas dependientes al alcohol o drogas y de personas con otras enfermedades crónicas presentaron medias significativamente más altas en sus puntajes de codependencia que las del grupo de población general.Palabras claves: Codependencia; Evaluación Psicológica; Trastorno por Uso de Sustancias; Análisis Factorial. The development of a Codependency Scale: Codependency is defined as a dysfunctional pattern of relating to others, present in relatives of those with a substance use disorder or other chronic disease. It is characterized by emotional dependence, extreme focus in the other person, and self-neglect. Aim: to present results of the process of development and validation of a new measure to evaluate codependency. Method: The Argentinean codependency scale was administered to a convenience sample of 347 subjects between 15 and 80 years, in Mar del Plata. AFE was used (main axes extraction method). The number of factors was determined by parallel analysis. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha. Item level statistics were also estimated. Results: Three factors were obtained. The internal consistency of the total scale and the three subscales was satisfactory. Relatives of alcohol or drugs dependents and of people with other chronic diseases had scores significantly higher in the codependency measure than those in the general population group.Key Words: Codependency; Psychological Evaluation; Substance Use Disorder; Factor Analysis.
The Effects of Initial Self-Control Exertion and Subsequent Glucose Consumption on Search Accuracy by Dogs
Authors: Miller Holly Christine
Published: October 2024

Los efectos del autocontrol inicial y el subsiguiente consumo de glucosa en la precisión de la búsqueda en perros: Evidencias previas han sugerido que el auto-control canino es sensible a la fatiga y que un acto inicial de inhibición conductual (permanecer quieto y sentado 10 min) puede agotar el auto-control, incrementar las conductas de riesgo y reducir la persistencia en un rompecabezas posterior. La administración de glucosa, pero no la de un placebo libre de calorías, ha mostrado revertir esta depleción. El presente estudio pretende complementar y extender estos hallazgos examinando si el esfuerzo inicial de auto-control puede afectar también a la memoria de trabajo en los perros medida como la eficacia de búsqueda en una subsecuente tarea de rotación de desplazamiento invisible. Los resultados muestran que el esfuerzo inicial de auto-control (relativo a la condición control) resultó en una menor eficacia de búsqueda. El consumo de glucosa no tuvo un efecto de reversión del agotamiento. Si tuvo algún efecto, la glucosa estuvo asociada a una menor precisión de búsqueda. Palabras Claves:Auto-Control, Agotamiento, Memoria de Trabajo, Permanencia de Objeto. Previous reports have suggested that canine self-control is sensitive to fatigue and that an initial act of behavioral inhibition (sit-stay 10 min) relative to a control condition (cage 10 min) can deplete self-control, increase risk-taking, and reduce subsequent persistence on a puzzle task. Glucose, but not a calorie-free placebo drink has been shown to replenish this depletion. The current study sought to complement and extend these findings by examining whether initial exertion of self-control would also affect canine working memory as measured by search accuracy on a subsequently administered invisible displacement rotation task. The results evidenced that initial self-control exertion (relative to the control condition) resulted in poorer search accuracy. The consumption of glucose did not have a replenishing effect. If anything, glucose was associated with poorer search accuracy. Key Words: Self-control; Depletion; Glucose; Working-memory; Object Permanence
La adicción a la nicotina: vulnerabilidad, epigénesis y modelos animales de estudio
Authors: Pastor Verónica , Vázquez Pablo , Corapi Enrique , Bernabeu Ramon Oscar
Published: October 2024

Este artículo es un resumen de las investigaciones actuales sobre los efectos de la nicotina en el sistema nervioso y su relación con la generación de una conducta adictiva. Al igual que otros psicoestimulantes, la nicotina activa la vía de la recompensa, la que también está involucrada en ciertas enfermedades psiquiátricas. Existen individuos que presentan una alta vulnerabilidad a volverse adictos a la nicotina. Esto puede deberse a factores tanto genéticos como epigenéticos y/o al entorno. En este trabajo se describen algunos factores epigenéticos implicados en estos fenómenos. Para este tipo de estudios, existen dos modelos comportamentales en animales: la autoadministración y el condicionamiento al lugar (CPP). Aquí, el CPP se explica en detalle por su potencial aplicación en humanos. Además, se describe la determinación comportamental de la actividad locomotora (lo cual indica el efecto causado por un psicoestimulante) como modelo para estudiar la vulnerabilidad individual a las drogas. Palabras claves:Adicción a la Nicotina; Condicionamiento Clásico; Epigénesis; Vulnerabilidad. Nicotine addiction: studies about vulnerability, epigenesis and animal models: This article is a summary about the current research of nicotine effects on the nervous system and its relationship to the generation of an addictive behavior. Like other drugs of abuse, nicotine activates the reward pathway, which in turn is involved in certain psychiatric diseases. There are individuals who have a high vulnerability to nicotine addiction. This may be due to genetic and epigenetic factors and/or the environment. In this review, we described some epigenetic factors that may be involved in those phenomena. The two animal models most widely used for studying the reinforcing effects of nicotine are: self-administration and conditioning place preference (CPP). Here, we emphasized the CPP, due to its potential application in humans. In addition, we described the locomotor activity model (as a measure of psychostimulant effects) to study vulnerability to drugs of abuse. Key Words: Nicotine Addiction; Classical Conditioning; Epigenesis; Vulnerability.
Interferencias en la producción de la concordancia sujeto-verbo en el español. Un estudio sobre el rol de los factores semánticos y morfofonológicos
Authors: Sánchez María Elina , Sevilla Yamila , Jaichenco Virginia
Published: October 2024

The goal of this study is to study the influence of semantic and morphophonological information in agreement computation during sentence production in Spanish. We designed an experiment using the error-elicitation paradigm in an oral sentence-completion task. Subject type (distributive vs. non-distributive), number of local noun (singular vs. plural) and local noun type according to the morphophonological realization (marked vs. invariant/unmarked) were manipulated. The results confirm the influence of semantic and morphological factors in the Spanish and, taken together with evidence from other languages, permit to assess the divergent hypotheses relating to the flow of information and the degree of autonomy of syntactic information in sentence production. In addition, they provide evidence regarding the role of the richness of inflectional morphology in the computation of subject-verb agreement.
Diferencias individuales en las respuestas de frustración
Authors: Cuenya Lucas , Fosacheca Sandro Emilio , Mustaca Alba
Published: October 2024

The consummatory Successive Negative Contrast (cSNC) is one of the most used methods for studying frustration responses in rats. In this paper we present two experiments in which we study the associations between the intensity and duration of cSNC and individual differences in unconditioned fear / anxiety, locomotor activity, novelty seeking and sensitivity to physical pain. The results are discussed in the context of the theories on frustration. As in previous studies, the analysis yielded no consistent associations between the variables studied, although it is proposed that initial response to incentive devaluation could be related to novelty seeking levels.
Análisis comparado del aprendizaje aversivo. Estudios en anfibios
Authors: Puddington Martin , Muzio Ruben N.
Published: October 2024

This article develops with a comparative approach a comprehensive and updated review of studies of aversive learning in amphibians. Most of them used electric shock as aversive stimulus, resulting in inconsistent or negative results. Recent research showed that another class of stimuli (saline solutions highly concentrated or warm water) has been more efficient to produce steady changes in behavior. Some neurophysiological aspects of aversive and fear learning are also discussed. While comparative data from neurophysiological studies in fish is available, there are no references on functional information on the neural basis of aversive learning in amphibians. However, it is known in amphibian homologous brain areas to the mammalian structures shown to be involved with such learning (especially the amygdala), opening the way to address the study of this question in the future.
Reconocimiento de objetos por color en ratones mus musculus cepa C57BL/6J
Authors: Magani Fiorella , Damianich Ana , Duaip Germán , Rojo Daniela , Pimentel Jerónimo , Trigila Anabella , Federman Noel
Published: October 2024

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of the mice Mus musculus C57BL/6J strain to form and evoke a visual recognition memory of objects that differ only by their color. In order to do this, we use the paradigm of novel objet recognition (NOR), which takes advantage of the innate tendency of mice to explore a novel object longer than a familiar one. The present study is the first to show preliminary results on the ability to form long-term memories of visual recognition by color in this mouse strain. In addition, this work suggests this mouse strain as a model to be used in further research on the study of the formation of recognition memory based on color.
Teorías sobre el origen de la música como un rasgo adaptativo
Authors: Amodeo Martín Raúl
Published: October 2024

Throughout human history, people have developed the faculty to appreciate and create music. Musical thinking implies the development of cognitive and emotional faculties by complex neural processes. How could such a complex behavior as music be originated by evolution? This article reviews the main evolutionary approaches that have been proposed to explain this process. The main hypotheses state that music has emerged from adaptive processes such as communication and emotional coordination between mother and infant, the conformation of large cohesive groups, mate selection or the development of cognitive and emotional flexibility through play. Natural selection could have enabled the establishment of this faculty, whereas cultural evolution and gene-culture interaction could have led to the establishment of music as we know it.
Cinco años de la Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento. Logros y desafíos
Authors: RACC Equipo Editorial
Published: October 2024

At the end of 2009, the first issue of the Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento (RACC) appeared, the result of the joint effort of Marcos Cupani (general editor), Ricardo Pautassi (technical editor) and Juan Carlos Godoy (executive editor), with the endorsement of the Asociación Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento (AACC) and the Faculty of Psychology of the National University of Córdoba. As stated in that first issue, the purpose of the RACC was (and is) to promote the national and international dissemination of research in the area of human and animal behavioral sciences, through a freely accessible format.
Consecuencias verbales y emergencia de conducta creativa
Authors: Carpio Ramírez Claudio Antonio , Pacheco Chávez Virginia , Morales Chávez German , Carranza Coello Jamillet Jazmin , Pacheco Lechón Linda , Rodríguez Medina Raúl Narayanam
Published: October 2024

The effects of different types of verbal consequences were evaluated in second order conditional discrimination tasks on creative behavior emergence in four experimental groups. In the first group, it was specified only if the responses were correct or incorrect. For the second group, it was specified the particular stimulus selected and if that response was correct or incorrect. For the third group, it was specified the relationship between selected comparative stimulus (CoS) and the matching stimulus (MS) and if the answer was correct or incorrect. For the fourth group, it was specified if the relation MS-CoS was equal or not to the relation between the selector stimuli (SS) and if the response was correct or incorrect. Post- training transference and creative behavior tests were performed. The results showed that the different types of verbal consequences promoted contact with different aspects of the performance in the task, being partially relational consequences which promoted higher percentages in transference and creative behavior tests. The conceptual status of the verbal consequences is discussed.
Prevalencia de juegos de apuestas, síntomas depresivos y distorsiones cognitivas en jóvenes universitarios
Authors: Vera Belén del Valle , Caneto Florencia , Tuzinkievich Francisco Benjamín , Garimaldi Javier Alejandro
Published: October 2024

The aim of this paper was to analyze the presence of depressive symptoms and cognitive distortions in a sample of undergraduate students and investigate the possible relationship with severity of gambling disorders. To this aim, a sample of 277 local students (66.8 % women) between 18 and 35 years completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), a Gambling Prevalence Questionnaire, the Gambling Belief Questionnaire Spanish Version (GBQ-S) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). No differences in depression symptoms were found depending on gambling frequency and SOGS´s scores. The presence of cognitive distortions in less severe forms of gambling disorders was corroborated. Cognitive distortions’ levels increased with increasing severity and frequency of gambling.
Estudio del estilo cognitivo de estudiantes de dos carreras: Psicología e Ingeniería.
Authors: Díaz Yacusa Mauricio , Cuevasanta Galati Diego , Grau Pérez Lasala Gonzalo , Curione Bulla Karina
Published: October 2024

The present study relates university students cognitive styles with their university profile. A total of 311 students either beginning or ending their career at the faculties of Engineering and Psychology from Universidad de la República (Uruguay) participated. The Embedded Figures Test (EFT) was collectively applied to them, thus identifying their degree of field dependence and field independence. Results show significant differences between Engineering and Psychology students towards their cognitive styles. In Engineering students the independence field cognitive style prevails, and this increases in those students who are finishing their career. In Psychology students there are no significant differences in their cognitive styles regarding those who are either beginning or ending their career, and field dependence prevails in all of them.
Aprendizajes sensoriales tempranos y su relación con las conductas de apego
Authors: Ifrán María Celeste , Suárez Andrea , Kamenetzky Giselle
Published: October 2024

In early ontogeny altricial species need to maintain close proximity to the caregiver in order to survive. In mammalian species, early-life learning experiences occur in utero through chemosensory cues present in the amniotic fluid and in breast-milk during postnatal life. These stimuli are provided by the mother's diet. This review offers evidence on the early-life learnings of human babies and rats, and thus how attachment behavior and eating habits become affected.
Comparación de los modelos respuesta graduada y crédito parcial aplicados a una escala de utilidad de la matemática
Authors: Abal Facundo Juan Pablo , Galibert María Silvia , Aguerri María Ester , Attorresi Horacio Félix
Published: October 2024

The Graded Response Model (GRM) and the Partial Credit Model (PCM) of Item Response Theory (IRT) were applied in the item analysis of a scale that evaluates psychology students's beliefs about the usefulness of mathematics. The scale comprises 8 items in polytomous response format (6-point Likert-type). The sample was made up by 1875 students of the Psychology school of the University of Buenos Aires. All analyses based on IRT were performed by operating the MULTILOG software. The parameters estimation was carried out trough Marginal Maximum Likelihood procedures. Previously, the unidimensionality assumption required by the models was confirmed. The GRM showed better fit indexes than PCM and higher Test Information Function. The findings provides validity evidences based on the internal structure of scale.
Conciencia silábica y conciencia fonémica ¿Cuál es el mejor predictor del rendimiento lector?
Authors: Fumagalli Julieta , Barreyro Juan Pablo , Jaichenco Virginia
Published: October 2024

Phonological awareness (PA) is an important factor during the reading learning process and is a strong predictor of future reading behave. In addition, it has been postulated that sensitivity towards some linguistic units such as syllable (syllabic awareness) would arise before beginning to read and other PA skills, such as phonemic awareness, would be a byproduct of learning to read. This research investigates the precursor role of PA in reading learning process and establishes which is the strongest phonological awareness ability to predict reading performance by assessing five year old non reading children with different phonological awareness tasks and a reading task one year later. The results obtained in this study indicate that syllable combination skills seem to be the more predictive ability when is correlated with reading performance on year later.
La naturaleza multifactorial del comportamiento homosexual humano: una breve revisión
Authors: Barona Daniel , Aponte Héctor
Published: October 2024

Homosexual behavior has been analyzed as an evolutionary paradox in the biological context. In this review, we will try to compile the main genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, neurological and immune explanations of homosexuality, as well as the ultimate evolutionary causes of this complex behavior in the human being, incorporating information from studies in other animal species. All these factors determine the homosexual behavior, acting most of the times, simultaneously. Hereditary and non hereditary factors determine homosexual behavior, explaining its persistence despite its apparent disadvantages in relation to reproductive fitness.
Ansiedad ante los exámenes, procrastinación y síntomas mentales en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Authors: Furlan Luis Alberto , Ferrero María José , Gallart Gabriela
Published: October 2024

Test anxiety (TA) and academic procrastination (AP), are motives of counsulting frequentlly asociated with another mental simpthoms. To estimate more accurately this commorbidity, 219 students of the National University of Cordoba, completed  inventories of mental simpthoms, TA and AP. A multivariate analysis of variance  with groups of 1) Highly TA and AP (n= 75), 2) highly TA and low AP (n= 40), 3) low TA and highly AP (n= 38) and 4) low TA and AP  (n= 66) showed diffrerences between the three simpthomatic scales (negativeness - low self seteem; tension, irritability – indecision and suspicacy – alucination) between the four groups. Group 1 obteined higher scores to the other groups in the scales. Non significative diffrerences were found between groups 2 and 3. Group 4 showed lower scores to group 2 and 3 but the diffrenecies were of little significance. Implicances to diagnosis and treatment of both conditions are discussed.
Plasticity of Executive Functions in Childhood and Adolescence: Effects of Cognitive Training Interventions
Authors: Karbach Julia
Published: October 2024

Executive functions include a set of higher-level cognitive control abilities, such as cognitive flexibility, inhibition, and working memory. They support action control and the flexible adaptation to changing environments. Given that these control functions rely on the prefrontal cortex, they develop rapidly across childhood and adolescence. Importantly, executive control is a strong predictor for various life outcomes, such as academic achievement, socioeconomic status, and physical health. Therefore, numerous training interventions have been designed to improve executive functioning in children and adolescents, both in normally developing individuals and children suffering from neurocognitive and developmental disorders. Despite some encouraging findings revealing that executive control training benefitted untrained task and abilities, such as fluid intelligence and academic performance, recent findings regarding the transferability of training-induced performance improvements to untrained tasks are heterogeneous. This short review aims at providing a selective overview of developmental findings and discussing the effects of different types of executive control training in children and adolescents as well as the potential of cognitive training interventions for the application in clinical and educational contexts.
Targeting the mind and body: recommendations for future research to improve children’s executive functions
Authors: Best John R.
Published: October 2024

Children’s executive functions (EFs)--the cognitive processing underlying controlled, goal-oriented cognition and behavior--have been shown to be important predictors of future physical, mental, and social wellbeing. Thus, developmental researchers are keen to uncover effective methods to improve children’s EFs. While much of the focus in the past decade has been on direct cognitive and behavioral interventions to improve children’s EFs, another line of research--typically undertaken in medical schools and in departments of kinesiology--has examined physical health interventions as a way to indirectly improve children’s EFs. This commentary suggests that there is promising evidence that physical activity-based interventions to increase children’s fitness also enhance children’s EFs. There is ample need for additional studies to firmly establish this effect, and to determine the degree to which intervention effects transfer from laboratory EF assessments to ‘real-world’ functioning.  Finally, there is intriguing evidence from animal models that interventions that combine physical and cognitive training have robust positive impacts on brain health. To translate these findings to humans, there is a need for collaborations between developmental psychologists and physical health experts in order to design interventions that simultaneously target children’s physical and cognitive health.
Uso de celular e Internet: su relación con planificación y control de la interferencia
Authors: Cabañas Mariela , Korzeniowski Celina
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to identify the frequency of cell phone and Internet use by Argentine teenagers, and to analyze its relationship with their executive planning and interference control functions. The sample consisted of 90 adolescents, age 13 to 15 (X = 14 years, SD = 0.821), 53% of whom were female. The Internet Dependence, Mobile Phone Dependence, Porteus Maze and Stroop Tests were administered. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative association between adolescents’ interference control capacity and their frequency of Internet use (r =.24, p < 0.05). Excessive use of information and communication technologies and their potential impact on self-regulatory processes are discussed.
Desarrollo de la Capacidad de Memoria de Trabajo: Efectos de Interferencia Inter e Intra Dominio en Niños de Edad Escolar
Authors: Canet-Juric Lorena , Introzzi Isabel , Burin Débora
Published: October 2024

Working memory (WM) refers to the cognitive system that deals with temporary storage and concurrent stimuli processing. It has been proposed that the ability to inhibit irrelevant information underlies the observed changes in WM during childhood. Since the inhibitory ability in the dual-task paradigm changes depending on the similarity of modality in the primary and secondary tasks, the aim of this study was to replicate and extend previously observed intra and intermodal interference effects in late childhood. A battery based on the dual paradigm consisting of primary and secondary verbal and visuospatial tasks was administrated to children aged between nine and 11 years old. Results showed lower overall performance in visuospatial memory, and in memory without concurrent task.  Although there were significant age effects in memory, showing developmental changes in working memory, intermodal concurrent tasks did not show differences as a function of age. These findings call into question the role of inhibitory control in the development of working memory in this age bracket.
Apuntes acerca de un pionero de la psicología científica española
Authors: Caycho Rodríguez Tomás
Published: October 2024

All sciences have their paradigmatic figures. Psychology, as the science of human behaviour, also has its gallery of important men. Thus, when looking for those figures that represent the most authentic of psychology in Spain, the name of Luís Simarro (1851-1921) is undoubtedly among the first. A man attentive to the diverse currents of universal thought of his time, medical, social, ethical and cultural problems are the backbone of his thought and motivation in all his work. Thus, the biography of this pioneer of Spanish psychology, written by the renowned psychology historian Helio Carpintero, is well received as an important element to evaluate Simarro's important contributions and will surely become one of the most read and discussed biographies by psychologists not only in Spain but in other latitudes.
Determinantes psicológicos de las conductas de movilidad: un estudio de revisión
Authors: Jakovcevic Adriana , Franco Paul , Caballero Romina , Ledesma Rubén
Published: October 2024

An alternative to reduce the harmful consequences of car use is the choice of public transport (PT). This requires infrastructural as well as behavioural changes. For this reason, it is necessary to know which motivations determine the choice of each transport mode. The aim of this study was to analyze which are the psychological factors that better explain car use and PT use. A systematic review of the literature of the past 11 years was performed, obtaining 21 datasets. Results indicated that intentional processes are the more suitable to explain the choice of car and PT. Although its explanatory power usually increases when automatic and normative processes are included in the model. However, the automatic processes would be more important for car use than for PT use. Results are discussed and guidelines for future research are offered.
Violencia Física en el Noviazgo: Análisis de los Tipos Diádicos en Población Argentina
Authors: Arbach Karin , Nguyen-Vo Thuy , Bobbio Antonella
Published: October 2024

Violence against women in dating relationships has been extensively explored in most developed countries and more pointedly in developing countries. This article presents rates of physical dating violence and resulted injuries in heterosexual relationships by a sample of 963 Argentinean undergraduate subjects of both sexes. On average, 34 % of females and 22 % of males physically assaulted his or her partner in the last 12 months of relationship, and 6 % physically injured his or her partner. Results show few differences between sexes. Probably the most important similarity is the high rate of physical assaults perpetrated by both females as males, and the bidirectionality as the most frequent pattern in couples, 52 % of couples were classified in this dyadic type. The results are compared with findings from an international survey and other studies from the Spanish-speaking context. Finally, the implications for prevention and intervention programs are discussed.
Categorización de dibujos en blanco y negro: diferencias en el procesamiento de seres vivos y objetos inanimados
Authors: Martínez-Cuitiño Macarena , Barreyro Juan Pablo , Jaichenco Virginia
Published: October 2024

Oral naming is the most used task assesses in order to identify dissociation in processing of living things (LT) and inanimate objects (IO). The performance of controls on this task is controversial. In general an advantage for the domain OI is detected. Some researchers have postulated that this advantage could be the product of the pre - semantic processes. The structural similarity of LT could explicate theses results. The aim of this study is to detect possible differences in LT and IO processing with a pictorial categorization task. The structural similarity could facilitate the categorization of LT. Nevertheless, the results show an advantage for IO. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the pre - semantic and semantic processes.
Relación entre la empatía y los cinco grandes factores de personalidad en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Iacovella Jorge Daniel , Díaz-Lázaro Carlos Miguel , Richard´s María Marta
Published: October 2024

Empathy has been associated with many psychological variables such as prosocial behavior, aggression, and intergroup relations. In our study the relationship between empathy and the big five personality model was evaluated. The general hypothesis in our study is that empathy is positively associated with agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness; while negatively associated with extraversion and not associated with neuroticism.  The sample consisted of 117 male and female university students between 21 and 60 years old, assessed with regionally validated measures. Bivariate correlations and a hierarchical multiple regression were used to test the hypotheses. The effects of gender were controlled in the first step of the regression analysis. Consistent with the hypotheses, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness were positively correlated with empathy. In the multiple regression analysis, agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and extraversion also made statistically significant contributions in the prediction of empathy.
Video Game Addiction: what can we learn from a media neuroscience perspective?
Authors: Craighead Britney , Huskey Richard , Weber René
Published: October 2024

In recent years, video game addiction has received considerable empirical attention. Unfortunately, this research is stymied by inconsistencies in both conceptual and operational definitions of video game addiction. Moreover, the use of several video game addiction scales makes it difficult to estimate the prevalence and potential effects of video game addiction. While game genre is often treated as a predictor of video game addiction, existing measures often downplay the structural and social characteristics of video games that may contribute to behavioral outcomes such as increased playing time and addiction. In an effort to provide the clarity necessary to overcome these issues, we review research on video game addiction with a focus on the largely ignored unique characteristics of video games that are crucial for a more complete conceptualization of video game addiction. With this review in mind, we offer a conceptual framework for the integration of video game addiction within the broader context of behavioral addictions. Finally, we consider the neurological foundation of addiction and suggest opportunities for media neuroscientists to increase understanding and prediction of video game addiction and explore how game content features interact with reward systems in the brain.
Aprendizaje espacial y geometría. Los anfibios en la evolución de los sistemas cognitivos cerebrales
Authors: Sotelo María Inés , Muzio Rubén Néstor
Published: October 2024

This article presents a comparative review of the works that have studied the spatial learning in vertebrates using geometry information and visual cues from the environment. We describe experiments conducted in our laboratory showing spatial navigation learning in amphibians and their dependence on a functional medial pallium (homologous area to the mammalian hippocampus). The results indicate that these animals use both the information provided by the geometry as visual cues, but when both types of reference are presented in conflict they prefer geometry to orient (as results found in amniotes). Broadly, these findings suggest that the ability to orient in space is a characteristic evolutionarily preserved and support the idea that the role of the hippocampus in spatial cognition precedes the evolution of fully terrestrial vertebrates.