bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage Identification of Functionally Graded Bernoulli-Euler Beam Based on the Modal Strain Energy Method
Authors: Huang Li Xin , Chen Yue , Yang Ming , Zhang Xiao Lei , Yao Qi
Published: December 2012

An algorithm based on modal strain energy method was proposed to identify the existence, the location and the extent of damage for a functionally graded materials (FGMs) Bernoulli-Euler beam. ABAQUS standard finite element program was used for the dynamic analysis of the FGMs Bernoulli-Euler beam. The damage indicator for the damage identification of the FGMs Bernoulli-Euler beam was developed by way of modal strain energy method. A numerical example was given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in identifying the damage for the FGMs Bernoulli-Euler beam.
Strengths Investigation of Air Entrained Recycled Fine Aggregate Mortar
Authors: Li Jiu Su , Qin Chun Li
Published: December 2012

Fine aggregate can be extracted from waste concrete by series of processing. The recycled fine aggregate can then be utilized to manufacture recycled fine aggregate mortar (RFAM) or recycled fine aggregate concrete (RFAC). Air entraining agent was added in RFAM to improve its mechanical performance. The influence of the dosage of the air entraining agent on both the compressive and flexural strength of the RFAM was explored after 7 days and 28 days curing. The optimum dosage of the air entraining agent was determined.
Preparation and Properties of Scattering Electromagnetic Function Mortar Composite
Authors: Deng An Zhong , Wang You Jun , Zhou Xuan Gang
Published: December 2012

Scattering electromagnetic function mortar composites was prepared by use of addition graphite into cement. The influence of graphite to mechanical properties and absorbing electromagnetic wave properties of cement mortar were researched. Electromagnetic characteristics of mortar composite was measured using the naval research laboratory(NRL) testing system. The results showed that graphite content had obvious effect on mechanical properties of mortar composite. Descended velocity of strengthen of compressive and flexural-tensile was farer when graphite content were bigger. In 2-18GHz frequency, reflectivity of composite was fluctuation at between -1.5 and -6.2dB when graphite content added from 15% to 22%. The matching ability of surface impedance and free space impedance could be improved and reflection loss of electromagnetic wave could be decreased by increasing graphite addition.
The Effects of Cement Volume for the Mechanics Performance of Fiber Modified Polymer Resin Concrete
Authors: Jin Yu Jie
Published: December 2012

Abstract. In order to analyze the polymer mortar performance with different cement volume polymer mortar specimens by the compression tests,the bending tests, scanning electron microscopy method, test results shows that: 115% of the cement dosage and cement dosage compared to 0%，flexural strength of polymer mortar increased 95%, compressive strength increased 74%, the ratio of flexural and compressive strength increased accordingly. However, when the dosage is higher than 115%, resulting in large specific surface area of cement, bending strength and compressive strength has declined.
Interface Bonding Property of Fiber-Reinforced Resin Mineral Composite
Authors: Ren Xiu Hua , Wang Ze Ning , Wang Tao , Zhang Jian Hua
Published: December 2012

Resin mineral composite (RMC) reinforced by fibers belongs to a multiphase material, whose mechanical strength depends on its material properties of components and microstructure characteristics of fibers including surface state, shape, and so on. The interface mechanism between fiber and matrix was analyzed. Finite element simulation was employed to discuss the reinforced effect of fiber on resin matrix, and the influence of fiber shape, surface state on interface bonding property respectively. Research results showed that linear fibers with surface dents or fibers shaped like S, U, V, N, W English letters performed well, and had much better reinforced effects on matrix than ordinary linear fibers.
Study on Behaviors of Jute Fiber Reinforced Cement Based Materials
Authors: Liu Bei , Zhang Li Zhe , Liu Qi Xia , Ji Tao
Published: December 2012

In this study, jute fibers were added into cement based materials to improve their compressive strength, flexural strength and early-age crack resistance. Results showed that the compressive and flexural strength of the fiber reinforced concrete were significantly enhanced with 30mm length jute fiber at the mixing amount of 0.5-0.6 kg•m-3. For early-age crack resistance test, the effective mixing amount would be 0.9 kg•m-3 and the fiber should be shorter than 20mm.
Experimental Research on Basalt Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites
Authors: Ma Jian Xun , Zhang Ming , Zhao Gang
Published: December 2012

Basalt fiber was added to the traditional cement-based materials to improve the physical and mechanical properties. The mixture ratio of the matrix, the basalt fiber content, and the super-plasticizer type as well as its contents were designed optimally. The fluidity test, axial compressive strength and cube compressive strength test, flexure strength test were carried out. The results show that the fluidity and the compressive strength of basalt fiber reinforced cementitious composite(BFRCC for short) reduces when the basalt fiber content increases, but the toughness of traditional cement-based materials is improved by adding basalt fiber.
Predicting Compressive Strength of Recycled Aggregate Concrete by Multiple Regression Analysis
Authors: Shin Yoon Seok , Kim Gwang Hee
Published: December 2012

Today, efforts are underway in a number of areas to conserve the environment and protect natural resource. In the construction industry, many researchers have studied the development of new concrete using recycled aggregate (RA). This research proposes a multiple regression model (MRM) for predicting the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The compressive strength data of 85 specimens of RAC strengths were used for constructing and evaluating the prediction model. The average error rate of the constructed MRM evaluation is 7.18 percent. This result will be useful for predicting the compressive strength of RAC using multiple regression analysis.
Environmental Sustainability and Engineering Performance of Self-Compacting Mortar Incorporating Fly Ashes
Authors: Razi Putri Zulaiha , Abdul Razak Hashim
Published: December 2012

This paper investigated the effect of fly-ash on environmental sustainability and engineering performance of mortar. Samples of mortar were prepared with different dosage of superplasticizer to gives three ranges of workability that is normal slump flow, high slump flow and self-compacting flow. Cement content of 550 kg/m³, water/binder ratio of 0.35, binder/cement ratio of 2.00 and fly ash replacement 10%,20%, 40%, and 60% were adopted for the mix proportion.The relationship to look into are the potential of CO2 reduction in the mortar mixes while cement content were replace by fly ash. Results showed that self-compacting mixes with 20 % replacement by fly ash provides an increase in 28 day strength, enhancing the durability with low % of water absorption and reducing the environmental impact with low CO2 footprint. This gives it the best balance of durability and environmental sustainability impact of the mixes.
Contribution of Physico-Chemical Diagnostic Methods to Assessment of Real Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Dufka Amos , Bydžovský Jiří
Published: December 2012

When assessing a condition of reinforced concrete structures the expert companies mostly place emphasis mainly on determination of material physico-chemical parameters (such as concrete strength parameters, reinforcement placing etc.). These figures are, of course, very important for example for structural analysis of a structure, but for complex assessment of a condition are these data fully insufficient. This article illustrates the role of physico-chemical analysis when assessing a condition of reinforced concrete structures using a specific example.
Feasible Study on Using Recycled Ceramic Sand and Ultra Fine Sand in Combination
Authors: Liu Feng Li , Liu Jun Hua , Zhang Cheng Zhi
Published: December 2012

Research on performance of waste ceramics and ultra fine sand was carried on. And based on it, waste ceramics were crushed as recycled ceramic sand, and substituted for parts of ultra fine sand to make mortar. The feasibility, economic and social benefits of a combination of recycled ceramic sand and ultra fine sand was analyzed. The study provides us with a new solution for waste ceramics disposal and ultra fine sand usage.
Effect of Curing Agents on Early Cracking of Road Concrete
Authors: Zhang Yan Cong , Gao Ling Ling , Liu Jian Wei
Published: December 2012

Air-entraining agent improved the concrete structural viscosity under high-frequency vibration was the reason for this characteristics. For the phenomenon that road concrete early cracking, evaporation rate and early cracking testing was done to compare the different between three curing agents by the influence to moisture loss and crack formation. Studies have shown that: curing agent not only played a role that moisturizer, but also shortened the time of its moisture loss. Then, the quantity length and width of concrete cracks were significantly inhibited because of increasing the amount of curing agent.
Application of Improved TOPSIS Method to the Evaluation on Asphalt Pavement Performance
Authors: Shuai Qing Yan , He Ya Bo
Published: December 2012

As a fundamental work for pavement maintenance management, the evaluation on asphalt pavement performance is the premise of determining the maintenance time and strategy. Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional TOPSIS model, an improved TOPSIS method is proposed to make comprehensive assessment on asphalt pavement performance. Instead of the Euclid distance, the vertical distance between the evaluation object and positive ideal solution is taken as the basis for alternatives ranking. A case study is carried out, indicating that this approach is rational and feasible. The result can provide a certain reference for the road management department to make optimal decision.
Building External Wall Thermal Insulation Construction Quality Safety Measures Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xin Hua , Liu Jian Xin , Zhang Hong Zhuan
Published: December 2012

The external wall thermal insulation technology in building energy saving is widely used in engineering, but in general it faces some quality security problems, this paper insulation material selection, exterior insulation system and its safety, fire redundancy and external wall construction corresponding measures on the analysis. So as to the engineering quality safety problems have prevention in the role of the external wall thermal insulation technology obtain the considerable development.
Study on the Integration Design of Solar Energy Light Heat Utilization in High-Rise Housing
Authors: Sun Jin Kun , Huang Shuang Hua , Yang Ting Fei , Liu Jie
Published: December 2012

Due to the lack of research on integration design of light and heat from solar energy utilized in the high-rise housing above 20 storey, the thesis conducts the study and exploration of integration design in different aspects, in combination with some integration design samples of light and heat utilization from solar energy in high-rise housing of Panzhihua areas, such as the statistics of residential hot water dosage in different seasons, the design of hot water supply system heated by mixing and concentrating the solar energy and assistant heating pump with the air being source, the improvement of system operation and preservation mode, as well as the design and optimization of supplying hot water, etc, which are demonstrated on the basis of profit analysis and engineering application, and moreover, corresponding questions are raised, providing beneficial reference for integration design of light and heat from solar energy utilized in the high-rise housing.
The Application of Aluminum and its Alloy Materials in Energy-Saving Building
Authors: Yuan Li Yan , Han Zhi Jun , Gao Li Qiang
Published: December 2012

First,this document explains the characters about Aluminum and its alloy materials in light without heat absorption,the fast heat condution and so on. Second,the doucument demonstrates that Aluminum and its alloy materials have been applied in the roofs, windows and doors,floor strata,the walls etc..Last, based on aluminum and its alloy materials in energy-saving advantages, the engineers should take them into account in architectural design,construction and maintenance.
Analysis of Temple Form and Sculpture Value of Song Dynasty in Southeast Shanxi – The Case of Zhangzi Chongqing Temple
Authors: Chai Lin , Zhu Xiang Dong , Wang Chong En
Published: December 2012

Southeastern region of Shanxi Province exist the most architectures of Song and Jin Dynasty in Shanxi. As society and religions in Song Dynasty develop, the ancient architectures were paid more attention. The article takes Zhangzi Chongqing temple as an example to explore the characteristics of construction space form and artistic value through the analysis on the surrounding environment, group combination, plane layout and artistic value. This article provides strong evidence for the future researches on architecture style of Song Dynasty.
Comparison Study on Thermal Performance of the RC Sandwich Panels with Different Connectors
Authors: Liu Ruo Nan , Zhang Kai Yin , Tao Meng Lan
Published: December 2012

To explore the thermal performance of RC Sandwich Panel with different connectors, three experiments were carried out to develop a study. In the experiments, three RC Sandwich Panels were manufactured using three kinds of connectors, the thermal performance of them was separately tested by corresponding device, and the thermal calculation of every panel was done according to the current thermal code. It is found that thermal performance of the three RC Sandwich Panels will be changed with connector’s variation. The results show that the thermal performance of RC Sandwich Panel using nonmetal connector is better than using metal connector, and the thermal performance of the RC Sandwich Panel using little section connector is better than using bigger section.
Analysis on Site Selection and Spatial Layout of Buddhist Temple in Mountainous Region in Southeast of Shanxi Province - The Case of Dinglin Temple in Gaoping, Shanxi
Authors: Zhang Bo Ren , Zhu Xiang Dong , Wang Chong En
Published: December 2012

Site selection and spatial layout of Dinglin Temple were studied through site surveys as well as field visits, then the science and culture connotation in site selection and spatial layout was analyzed so as to further reveal the characteristics of site selection and spatial layout of Buddhist architectures in mountainous region in southeast of Shanxi province.
The Interaction and Monitoring System for Energy Saving in Building
Authors: Zhong Ming , Chen Song Song , Wang He , Yan Hua Guang
Published: December 2012

The continuous advance of the policy about ‘Energy saving and emission reduction’, along with the continuous development of information technology, control technology, which bring profitable conditions for the monitoring and control over the building (here mainly refers to the large building of government, commercial or industrial user). In particular, a interaction and monitoring system is proposed, which is used to monitor the parameters about energy consumption of energy consumption system or equipment inside the building, in addition the information about the running of the energy consumption system or equipment. At the same time, the relevant units of the energy consumption system or equipment is controlled by the interaction and monitoring system. The interaction and monitoring system for energy saving in building consists of the node for energy saving and monitoring, wireless sensor network (hereinafter referred to as WSN), the platform for energy saving and monitoring, making up the three-layer structure of the interaction and monitoring system inside the building. The node for energy saving and monitoring is a wireless sensor actually, which plays the role as collecting data and controlling. Along with the other nodes for energy saving and monitoring, as well as the nodes acting as repeater, router, coordinator, all nodes inside the building compose the WSN. The node acting as the repeater is of great significance for the transmission of data, especially when some nodes for energy saving and monitoring is located in underground building and some other places where the signal of WSN is blocked, as well as the places far away from the neighbor nodes of WSN. The coordinator is located on the platform for energy saving and monitoring, meanwhile the function of gateway is integrated in the node acting as the coordinator. This node converge the data of the WSN, and transfers the data to the server of the platform for energy saving and monitoring.
Energy Efficiency Research in Building Based on the Concept of Life Cycle
Authors: Sun Lin Lin , You Chun An , Liu Jian Xin , Sun Ling Zhi
Published: December 2012

Saving energy is one of the basic national policies, and energy efficiency in building is the important part of energy conservation work. It is of great significance to develop this work permanently. Discusses the definition of energy efficiency in building, introduces the concept of the life cycle, and sets up the life cycle cost estimation model. Through the analysis of energy saving building, comes to an important conclusion. Although the initial investment of energy saving building increases, the whole life cycle cost is obviously lower than general building. With the increasing of the discount rate and the extension of life cycle, the effect is more outstanding.
Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-Methylpyridinium Diethyl Phosphate Pretreatment of Mulberry Residue
Authors: Li Qiang , Gu Xu Ding , Ji Geng Sheng , Fei Juan Juan , Feng Yuan Yuan , Wu You Ting
Published: December 2012

The IL 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium diethyl phosphate ([EPyM][EMP]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]OAc) were compared in view of thier superority in pretreatment toward accelerating enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass, and they could be recyclable. Efficient ionic liquid pretreatments of cellulose can be obtained with short duration times (20 min) at 50-120 °C with [EPyM][EMP] and [EMIM]OAc. And [EPyM][EMP] showed preferable cellulosic biomass pretreatment capability. The short time and mild temperature of cellulose solubilization allowed a in situ processing of [EPyM][EMP] IL-pretreatment and saccharification.
Design and Calculation of a Large Self-Anchored Ecological Block Retaining Wall
Authors: Niu Xiao Yu , Xing Yun Fei
Published: December 2012

Designed the large self-anchored ecology block retaining wall program using high strength filter concrete, analyzed and calculated the bottom stability against sliding and overturning, used the finite element to analyze and to calculate the strength and deformation of the retaining wall. This retaining wall can improve the long-term stability of dam body, achieve sustainability, multi-level green, improve the water environment, water purification, protect, recover and improve the original riparian ecosystems, it has a perfect combination of safety, environment, landscape. The self-anchored ecology block retaining wall can produce a good social benefit and ecological benefit. This conclusion is available for future study and design.
How to Create Green Buildings from Perspective of Evaluation Label: Taking Taiyuan No. 63 Middle School Campus Rebuilding Project as an Example
Authors: Zhao Xia , Zhang Yong Sheng
Published: December 2012

Based on the Evaluation Standard for Green Buildings, we selected Taiyuan No. 63 Middle School Campus Rebuilding Project (which won “Two-Star Evaluation Label for Green Building Design”) as an engineering case, studied main design methods and technical means for this project from the perspective of an evaluation label, summarized relevant experiences, and put forward factors to be emphatically taken into account in creating green buildings as well as associated precautions.
Chromium Concentrations and Regional Distribution of Urban Soils in Suzhou City
Authors: Han Ya Fen , Li Qi
Published: December 2012

An intensive investigation of 55 samples which have been collected from different functional areas was conducted to study concentrations and distribution of chromium in urban soils of Suzhou by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer, and the method of Geoaccumulation index. The results indicate that the chromium content in Suzhou soils is from 45 to 144 mg/kg, with an average value of 73.42 mg/kg; and distribution characterized of different functional areas as follows: Industrial areas > Commercial areas > Areas around station > Residential areas>Urban green space; the accumulation index values is between 0.81 and 1.91, which is non-polluting or moderately polluted.
Research on the Eco-Renovation Strategy on Old Industrial Buildings
Authors: Chen Yan , Xiao Zhu Qiang
Published: December 2012

Along with the rapid development in China’s economy, many cities entered postindustrial society where lots of factories shut down or moved away from the urban area and left the industrial buildings. This paper mainly explained the necessity and development of old industrial building reconstruction and put forward a series of renovation strategies to maintain its long life and adapt to the changing city requirements.
Biomorphous Porous Carbon Prepared from Cotton Stalk
Authors: Wang Qing , Cheng Xi , Zhang Ya Hui
Published: December 2012

The biomorphic porous carbon was prepared by high temperature pyrolysis at 1000oC. The pyrolysis process of cotton stalk was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The morphology and microstructure of carbon were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The phase composition of the resulting sample was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. As compared with the dried cotton stalk, the carbon has an anisotropic shrinkage with 20–40% and about 80% weight loss. The carbon retains the tubular cell structures.
Humic Acid Removal from Water by Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC)
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ren Bo Zhi , Wang Feng
Published: December 2012

The removal of organic pollution humic acid from aqueous solution by inorganic flocculent poly aluminium chloride (PAC) was investigated. Flocculent was dosed under medium stirring speed of 250 r/min for 2 min, and then changed to the speed of 45 r/min for 12 minutes. And the single influential factor such as: the dosage of the flocculent, the settling time, the pH value, the initial concentration of the humic acid solution and the initial tempreture of the humic acid solution were investigated. When the initial concentration was 10.0mg/L, the pH value was 6.5 and the dosage of PAC was 28.0 mg/L, the removal rate could reach the maximum 74.2%.
Study on the Fire Safety Situation and Risk Evaluation of Chongqing City High-Rise Buildings
Authors: Zhan Lin
Published: December 2012

in view of the rapid increase high-rise buildings since Chongqing became the municipality city , the development status of the high-rise building in Chongqing was detailed, and the outstanding problems and its reasons of Chongqing city fire safety of high-rise buildings that were universal, typical and representative were analyzed, On that basis, the fire safety index system Chongqing city high-rise building was established, and take a certain high-rise shopping center as an example, the fire safety of the shopping center was evaluated which combining fuzzy comprehensive theory and the building fire safety grade was obtained. Research on fire safety of high-rise buildings in Chongqing city has important reference and suitable suggestion.
The Progress of the Preparation of Coagulant from Industrial Wastes
Authors: Suo Ning , Yu Yan Zhen , Zhang Hua Dong , Li Miao Wan , Zhou Yu Xing , Cheng Lei
Published: December 2012

An overview of characteristics and existence status of industrial wastes such as fly ash, coal gangue, red mud and pyrite cinder. The research progress of the preparation of wastewater treatment coagulants from industrial wastes has been introduced in detail. And some existing problems of the preparation of coagulants from industrial wastes have been pointed out, the solutions have been put forward.
A Cost Model of Wastewater Treatment Plant in Tianjin
Authors: Han Dong Gang , Zhao Xin Hua
Published: December 2012

Basing on the cost data of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Tianjin, the construction, operation and management cost was calculated. A regression model was developed considering the discount, and the average cost of sewage treatment was calculated. Three price policies were put forward, and the influence of the policies was simulated with the model. The results are powerful tools for government to pricing the wastewater treatment fee
Research on Data Prediction Methods of Structural Health Monitoring System
Authors: Xiao Chun , Hao Xue Ping , Li Li Qiao , Li Wei , Liu Xun Gang
Published: December 2012

Trend prediction is virtually modeling process for dynamic data. The key to prediction is to establish a model in accordance with actual status, then use the model to predict the trend of object, and infer its behavior in future. Two prediction methods are researched to predict the trend on the observed points of the structure in this paper, which are regression prediction method and grey prediction method. The continuous time strain value of a measured point on Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge is used as data sample for researching. The method of regression analysis is applied for predicting the trend of short-term data, and the method of grey model prediction for predicting long-term data. Regression prediction can assess the health status of the structure and obtain the alarm information effectively by comparing the actual monitoring data with the range of forecast interval. Grey prediction method has great advantages when dealing with poor information. By engineering example this study shows the pros and cons of these two methods, and proves that the method of grey model prediction is more suitable of predicting the trend of object in the structural health monitoring system.
Analysis on Efficiency of Frame Joint Retrofitted with Hybridized CFRP for Strong Column and Weak Beam
Authors: Ge Nan , Chen Hai Bin , Peng Wen Chao
Published: December 2012

The calculation for flexural capacity of beam end and column end were carried out, with the strength effect of slab bar being included. The results for traditional joint specified in design code and that for the joint retrofitted with hybridized CFRP were compared. The results presented the efficiency of flexural strength improvement in beam. It is also shown that for the joint retrofitted with hybridized CFRP, the stress in the reinforce bar for column will increase significantly, while the plastic pivot of column appears later, which tend to exhibit a failure type closer to the beam-pivot or ductile mode.
Failure Mode of Monopile Foundation for Offshore Wind Turbines under Monotonic Loading
Authors: Wang Jun Ling , Yan Shu Wang , Huo Zhi Liang
Published: December 2012

The monopile foundation is usually subjected to vertical component (V), horizontal component (H) and moment component (M) in the design of offshore wind turbines.The three dimensional finite element numerical analyses were conducted to explore the failure mode of monopile foundation under monotonic loading. The failure modes under monotonic loading were obtained in different components. Soil produces different movement, and overall soil occurs wedge failure on both sides of monopile foundation.
A Constitutive Model for Unsaturated Soils Based on SFG Approach
Authors: Liu Yan
Published: December 2012

A constitutive model for unsaturated soils is developed. Based on the SFG approach, the deduced LC curve has a smooth transition from saturated state to unsaturated state. The yield stress does not increase with increasing suction monotonically, and thus could reproduce plastic volume change of a slurry soil caused by drying. The model takes account of the effect of saturation, lead to different yield surface for wetting and drying. Soils with same suction but different saturation can have different yield stress. The model is used to simulate exited test data and the predicted curves agree well with the data points.
Experimental Study of Section Enlargement with Reinforced Concrete to Increase Shear Capacity for Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Wang Yuan Dong , Yang Shen , Han Miao , Yang Xun
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the results of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in shear by external reinforcement with RC or epoxy resin mortar. The test specimen was 2000mm long with a cross section of 150mm×200mm and after section enlargement the cross section was increased to 250mm×300mm, in addition, shear span to beam depth ratio of a/h0 was 2.35. All specimens had the same geometry and were distinguished by the configurations of stirrup which was the primary test variable. No shear reinforcement was provided in the first phase of test, while in the second phase external RC or epoxy resin mortar was provided to enable failure due to shear. Experiments are undertaken to investigate the influence of preexisting damage, configurations of stirrup and different methods on the strengthened behavior and mode of failure. A group unstrengthened control beams were tested and failed in shear. In contrast to the control beam, all of the strengthened beams showed a significant improvement in their ultimate load capacity when they were failing in shear. The enlarged section with reinforced concrete can significantly increase the ductility and ultimate shear strength of a concrete beam. The method of section enlargement with RC is a high effective technique to enhance shear ability. An analysis for shear strengthening of beams using external reinforcement with RC has also been carried out as well.
Prediction of the Deformation of the Surrounding Rock around Tunnels by GA-Bp Network Model
Authors: Wei Jia , Qi Jun , Wu Ye , Lu Yu Lin , Wang Li
Published: December 2012

GA-Bp network model was proposed. GA was used to optimize the initial real values population of Bp network, and optimizing crossover fraction was fulfilled. In addition, the modified GA-Bp was applied to predict the deformation of the surrounding rock around tunnels.
Underground Engineering Rock Burst Review of Research
Authors: Guo Li , Zhou Cheng Jing , Ru Zhang
Published: December 2012

Based on the research of rock burst in underground engineering at home and abroad， definition，type, intensity grading，influencing factors，the failure mechanism，the empirical criterion and on-site forecasting and control methods of rock burst are summarized systematically. The current main problems in rock burst research are pointed out and the idea of rock burst comprehensive prediction are put forward. We recommend that the rock burst prediction should be divided into three steps, i.e. tendentiousness prediction，trend prediction and field prediction and forecasting.
Comparison and Analysis of Different Excavation Methods in Soft Rock-Extremely Soft Rock Tunnel
Authors: Zhang Xiang Dong , Zhao Peng Tao , Gu Wen Jun
Published: December 2012

In order to further study the law of surrounding rock deformation of soft rock-extremely soft rock double arch tunnel, resolve problem of tunnel excavation in complex geology conditions, based on project example, the central heading full section, central heading step and division method (three heading method) as research object, measured and simulated results were compared and analyzed, and used ANDIA software to do dynamic simulation. The results show that the characters of surrounding rock deformation are different with different excavation methods; Simulated and measured results are almost the same ,and the maximum difference has only 6%, reflecting simulated value has a certain reliability; The more the step numbers are excavated in soft rock-extremely soft rock tunnel, the smaller the area excavated is, the smaller the rock is disturbance, the smaller the surface subsidence and two state convergence value is, more be able to meet construction requirements; Compared with the other two methods, division method is more to reduce the deformation in the surrounding rock with class of V.
Study on the System Optimization Method for Supporting Structure of Urban Tunnel
Authors: Li Ang , Su Jing Bo , Shen Cai Hua , Shao Guo Jian , Ding Sheng Yong , Lei Dong
Published: December 2012

The tunnel project is a systems engineering problem. And it is very necessary to study on the system optimization method for supporting structure in order to promote the research about intelligent optimization of safety control for tunnel project. In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process is used to establish system model of supporting structure for urban tunnel and the SCORE function test method for non-linear drift (i.e., non-linear impact of factors) is also applied to simplify the model. This idea and method for the optimization of retaining structural system have important significance for optimization theory building of the tunnel support structure system.
The Sensitivity Analysis of Beam-Spring Model for Shield Tunnel Segment
Authors: Wen Hao , Tang Biao , Xu Zhen Zhen , Zhang Kai Jian , Zeng Ya Wu
Published: December 2012

This paper establishes the Finite Element Model of beam - spring method, and studies the influence of rotation, pressure and shear springs respectively, and analyses the sensitivity of the corresponding internal force curve by changing the spring stiffness value.
Mechanics Characteristics of Expressway Tunnel Through Fault Fracture Zone at the Entrance
Authors: Fang Yong , Cui Ge , Yang Bin , Fu Ya Peng
Published: December 2012

Guandoushan tunnel in the Yibin - Luzhou expressway passes through fault fracture zone at the entrance. Structure internal force are complex during or after the construction. It challenges the safety during construction and operation. Plane finite element model was used to calculate internal force of primary support in the cases of different buried depths and three dimensional finite element model was applied to calculate stress distribution of primary support and secondary lining of the tunnel through fault fracture zone. The results indicate: with the increasing of buried depth, the loads acting on the structure will increase. It leads to uneven stress distribution in longitudinal direction, especially in the border of fault zone. It is suggested to increase the longitudinal reinforcement to improve overall longitudinal shearing resistance capacity and set deformation joint in the intersection to strengthen the longitudinal deformation ability of structure.
Numerical Analysis of a Shallow-Buried Portal in Expressway Tunnel with Weak Rockmass
Authors: Gao Pan Ke , Xie Yong Li , Wu Heng Bin
Published: December 2012

Aiming at the problems in construction for a shallow-buried and unsymmetrical loading portal in Banzhulin Tunnel in Yu-Xiang expressway, the finite element simulation were carried on to study the behavior for bench excavation method. Main results of numerical analysis as follows:the displacement of surrounding rock of right tunnel(as AR)at the horizontal direction is large and may larger than that of the left tunnel(as AL) at the vertical direction,and the largest deformation is 22.63mm,occuring at the key point DL. Compared with the data of monitoring measurement, the correctness of this simulation was proved.The behavior for deformation and stress of mountain tunnels as Banzhulin is basically mastered,and the displacement of rockmass is the key factor in tunnelling.
Calculation and Analysis of the Construction Program in Nanjing Rail Transit Line 1 from South Yanande's Door to NingDan Road
Authors: Fu Ying Chun
Published: December 2012

It is the key to success or failure of the construction that we control the ground surface settlement, vault sink and supporting force by the choice of the reasonable construction method in the subway construction process. Based on the project profiles of the tunnel in Nanjing orbit traffic line 1 from South Yan'an road to NingDan road, the article mainly carries on the numerical simulation to construction program by using ANSYS finite element software according to the joint arch tunnel construction of the double and triple arch in the entry end .The article mainly has an analysis from the ground surface settlement, the strata, axial force of supporting structure, bending moment and other aspects. The results show that the program is feasible. The article provids guidance to the future construction of similar projects .
Earthquake Response Analysis of Bridge Piers in Deep Water under Hydrodynamic Pressure Action
Authors: Huang Xin , Huang Zhao Wei , Hu Xue Ying , Cai Hao Liang , Qi Lin , Liu Tao , Zhu Xu Dong
Published: December 2012

In order to ensure safety of long and huge bridges in deep water under earthquake action, it is significance to consider water and bridge pier dynamic interaction. Analysis method of water-bridge pier dynamic interaction under earthquake excitation is established using radiation wave theory, and earthquake induced hydrodynamic pressure apply program is complied. Considering different earthquake wave input, earthquake induced hydrodynamic pressure influence on dynamic responses of bridge pier in deep water is further studied. The results indicate that: Dynamic response of bridge pier in deep water is augmented because of hydrodynamic pressure action. Earthquake induced hydrodynamic pressure influence on seismic responses of bridge piers in deep water will change with different input earthquake wave.
Influence of Prestress Degree to Long-Term Response of the Long Span Prestressed Concrete Bridges
Authors: Xie Jun , Zhou Yi Shu , Zheng Xiao Hua
Published: December 2012

Though the prestress degree that is selected under control of the specified stress limit is a key design parameter in design of the prestressed concrete bridges, study on long-term deformation of the long span prestressed concrete beam bridges is not popular both here and abroad. This paper reveals the time-dependent regularity of long-term stress and deformation effect to the critical sections of the long span prestressed bridges from various prestress degrees, thereby the necessity of stress and deformation control consideration during design of the long span prestressed bridge structures is verified, and the prestressing expression based on stress and deflection control for relative study and design reference is given.
Research on Hoisting Equipment of Pre-Fabricated Abutment and Pier in Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
Authors: Chen Fu Qiang , Tian Wei , Qin Li Sheng
Published: December 2012

The non-navigable arch bridges of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge use embedded prefabricated pile foundation. According to the technology difficulties of pre-fabricated abutment and pier lifting construction under marine environment, A kind of suspension system with hoisting and positioning function is put forward and designed, of which the structure and working method were introduced in this paper.
The Construction Technology of Segmented Parallel Operations in Main Shaft No. 2, Wutong Coal Mine
Authors: Zhao Peng Fei , Wang Yan Bing , Zhang Yu Fei , Guo Dong Ming
Published: December 2012

The construction of main shaft No.2 in Wutong coal mine is the key project of energy expansion and technological innovation. It started in December 2008 and jointed commissioning in the end of July 2010.Engineering capacity,a tight schedule and the difficulty of construction are the tough points. So if according with conventional construction methods,the project would have difficulty in completing on schedule.After repeated demonstration ,the researches of Wutong coal mine break the routine. The construction technology of segmented parallel operations is adopted to accelerate the construction schedule.This technology not only makes main shaft No.2 in advance of two months to complete construction and installation works, but also achieves difficult precisely through in both upper and lower segments.Totally plane error is only 80mm in through point.The project hits a good example for future wellbore rapid construction.
Research of Temperature Field of Long Span Concrete Box Girder Bridge Caused by Solar Radiation
Authors: Jiang Cun Ren , Ren Jian Min , Wang Zhuo Ling
Published: December 2012

When stimulate temperature field of concrete box girder caused by solar radiation with ANSYS, it’s feasible to turn boundary conditions to third boundary condition. Taking Ping'an Huangshui River Super-large Bridge in Qinghai Province for example, the research analyzes box girder temperature field distribution and deduces realistic temperature gradient mode by comparing calculations with measurements. Calculations show that bottom slab of box girder also has quite big temperature gradient which should be taken seriously in bridge structure design.
Experimental Study on Hysteretic Behavior of Circular Concrete-Filled Steel Bridge Piers
Authors: Zhu Dong Sheng , Pang Biao
Published: December 2012

The seismic behavior of concrete-filled circular steel bridge piers was studied by testing four large scale models which were subjected to a constant axial load in addition to a cyclic lateral load. It was found that concrete-filled circular steel bridge piers had high ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Based on the hysteretic force-displacement, the hysteretic behavior of strength reduction was analyzed. Based on the axial strain and the circumferential strain, the plastic area and the strain feature of steel tube were analyzed. According to two different constitutive models of concrete-filled steel tube, the skeleton curve of moment-curvature and force-displacement were calculated and compared with testing data.
The Strength Characteristics of the Saline Soil after Leached
Authors: Yang Hong Xia
Published: December 2012

Through the permeability leach test,this paper analyzed the change rule of the strength parameters of the saline soil with salt content. The results show that the more salt the saline soil had before leached,the more cohesive force and internal friction angle is reduced after it was leached, and the relationship between them can be explained through hyperbolic function.According to the soil shear strength theory, deduced the calculation formula of the strength after leached. Through the verification, the calculation values of the strength parameter and measured values were very close. Shear strength calculation formula offers a theoretical basis for the design and the foundation stability calculation of buildings in saline soil areas.
Deformation Research of Temporary Road and Bridge System in Semi Top-down Pit with Gradual Width
Authors: Li Ang , Li Yong Li , Zhao Xu Wei
Published: December 2012

Semi cover and cut construction have been widely used in solving the traffic problem in narrow area. The main issue of this method is to make sure the safety of temporary road and bridge system. The paper is based on a subway station, it simulates foundation pit with different width-depth ratio through finite element methods and analyzing different pile parameters. The research shows: (1) When use different width-depth ratio the shape of basal heave and the position of maximum value are different. (2) When there is a plastic uplift, the positions of “double-peak” don’t change with the width. (3) Increasing the length of pile is better than increasing the diameter of pile to decrease the upheaval of temporary road slab.
Research on the Prediction of High Embankment Settlement Based on the Real-Time Monitoring On-Site
Authors: Huang Xing , Wei Ru Ming , Yuan Ling , Li Xiao Qing
Published: December 2012

Based on the real-time settlement monitoring of embankment on-site, Hyperbola method and Index curve method are used in the prediction of embankment settlement and the prediction results were compared to verify the feasibility and the potential engineering value of the prediction of embankment settlement. The calculation results showed that the relative error of the results calculated by the above methods was controlled within 2%. The accuracy of early settlement prediction of Index curve method was lower than the accuracy of later settlement prediction, but the predicting result met the needs of the engineering accuracy. The accuracy of settlement prediction of Hyperbola method was significantly higher than Index curve method. Through the comparing and analyzing of the prediction results of embankment settlement, the final settlement value calculated by Hyperbola method was higher than the real-time monitoring on-site, and the final settlement value calculated by Index curve method was lower than the real-time monitoring on-site, Hyperbola method is more suitable for the estimation to the subsidence of actual embankment engineering construction.
Study on Treatment Techniques of the Red Sandstone Cutting Slope on Hunan Liu-Li Highway
Authors: Wu Chuan , Zhang Rui
Published: December 2012

In order to treat the collapse problem of red sandstone slope on Hunan Liu-Li Highway, laboratory experiments of its lithology were conducted, and the main parameters of red sandstone were acquired, including its basic physical properties, its disintegration characteristics, and its mineral compositions. By collecting research information of red sandstone slope, the main features and reasons of the slopes collapse were concluded. In comparison to the original and other treatments, the conclusion that the flexible protective technology is suitable for red sandstone slopes was reached.
Land-Saving Mode of Congo (Brazzaville) Highway One (Phase II)
Authors: Shi Jing , Tan Jin Hua , Zhou Nian
Published: December 2012

Plenty of cultivated land has been used for highway construction. Thus Land-saving mode in road construction has drawn more and more attentions. However, inappropriate land-saving mode may result in some kinds of risks during highway's service life. Based on road risk, this paper discusses land-saving mode of Congo (Brazzaville) Highway One (Phase Ⅱ), trying to reach the balance between the two after accomplishing literature review and analyzing the prediction of traffic flow. The result shows that, the project should choose the mode such as proper construction scale and high bridge & tunnel ratio, rather than small turning radius and low roadbed.
Challenges Associated with Optimisation of Blending, Mixing and Compaction Temperature for Asphalt Mixture Modified with Crumb Rubber Modifier (CRM)
Authors: Mohammadi Iman , Khabbaz Hadi
Published: December 2012

The use of modified asphalt binders has become much more common over the past two decades. Many types of modifier have been used in paving asphalts to enhance the performance of asphalt pavements in a wide range of climates and loading conditions. Among various asphalts binder modifiers, the recycled crumb rubber has been used very successfully for many years. Generally in production of CRM binder, mixing and compaction temperature is determined by measuring of binder viscosity. The ordinary method used for viscosity measurement of unmodified binder leads to a very high Mixing and Compaction Temperature (MCT) for CRM binder. The aims of this paper are to identify, develop and give some recommendations on a reliable laboratory approach for blending of CRM with binder, as well as introducing appropriate laboratory test methods for optimisation of MCT of crumb rubber modified binder asphalt.