bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT WORKSHEETS BASED ON REACT ON QUADRILATERAL MATERIAL
Authors: Agustin Andyah , Fuad Yusuf
Published: March 2023

Some studies have showed that students still struggle to solve problems involving quadrilaterals, particularly kites and rhombuses. One of learning strategy that can be used is REACT strategy, which emphasizes teaching and learning of constructivist principles, performs one of the suitable learning strategies. This research aims to describe the process of developing and producing REACT-based student worksheets which satisfy the following criteria: valid, practical, and effective. This study used the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminte) and utilizing a One-Shot Case Study research design. The study involves 32 students of the grade VII of SMPN 1 Mojosari during the even semester of the academic year 2019-2020. Test, interview, questionnaire are utilized to obtain the data of this study. The results emphasize that the LKS is valid with the average total validity criteria for the LKS with respect to circumference and area formulas, as well as for rhombus and kite are 3.25; 3.71; and 3.57 respectively. The LKS satisfies the practical criteria with a few minor with the average score on the learning observation analysis is 3.13. Finally, The LKS fulfills also as the effective criteria with the student’s questionnaire responses indicate that the student response is positive with an average percentage of 89.4% and the percentage of classical learning completeness or student learning test is 78%. So that this LKS can be used as a source and medium of learning by junior high school mathematics teachers in learning quadrilateral material, especially rhombuses and kites.

Keywords: Student worksheet, quadrilateral ,REACT
Profil Berpikir Kritis Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal AKM Numerasi Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif Visualizer dan Verbalizer
Authors: Hidayat Fajar Wahyu , Ismail Ismail
Published: March 2023

Pada saat ini dunia pendidikan telah memasuki era abad ke-21, dimana semua kemampuan yang akan dimiliki siswa semuanya berorientasi pada kemampuan yang bernama “The Four C’s” atau 4C, kemampuan tersebut yaitu critical thinking, creativity, communication, dan collaboration. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana gambaran berpikir kritis siswa yang memiliki gaya kognitif visualizer dan gaya kognitif verbalizer dalam menyelesaikan soal AKM Numerasi. Penelitian ini mengambil dua orang subjek yang memiliki jenis kelamin yang sama, tingkat kemampuan matematika yang setara, dan gaya kognitif yang berbeda. Data berpikir kritis dan data hasil wawancara masing-masing dikumpulkan menggunakan tes tulis dan wawancara. Dari ini peneliti ini menghasilkan bahwa siswa visualizer mampu memenuhi semua kategori berpikir kritis dalam menyelesaikan soal AKM Numerasi, yaitu kategori klarifikasi, asesmen, inferensi, dan strategi, sedangkan siswa verbalizer hanya mampu memenuhi beberapa kategori berpikir kritis saja, yaitu kategori asesmen dan inferensi.
Eksplorasi Etnomatematika Budaya Kampung Kemasan Gresik
Authors: Lail Renova Mirojul , Budiarto Mega Teguh
Published: March 2023

Etnomatematika merupakan salah satu faktor untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa guna mencapai keberhasilan dalam belajar matematika. Unsur budaya berupa sistem peralatan hidup dan teknologi serta kesenian masih dilestarikan di kampung Kemasan Gresik. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk etnomatematika pada bangunan tua, alat musik dan gerakan tari Pencak Macan Gresik, serta literasi matematis budaya di Kampung Kemasan Gresik dalam perspektif etnomatematika. Pengumpulan data terdiri dari observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan study literatur. Instrumen penelitian yaitu pedoman wawancara dan alat rekaman. Teknik analisis data menggunakan triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada sistem peralatan hidup dan teknologi bangunan rumah di kampung Kemasan Gresik terdapat konsep matematika yaitu bangun datar (segitiga siku-siku, lingkaran, persegi, segitiga sama kaki, trapesium sama kaki, segi enam beraturan, belah ketupat, dan persegi panjang),  bangun ruang (prisma, tabung, limas terpancung, balok, dan kubus), kekongruenan , dan transformasi geometri (refleksi dan translasi). Pada sistem kesenian alat musik dan gerakan tari Pencak Macan Gresik terdapat konsep matematika yaitu sudut (sudut siku-siku, tumpul, dan lancip), bangun datar (lingkaran, persegi, segitiga sama kaki, trapesium, persegi panjang, dan gabungan dua bangun datar), bangun ruang (kerucut terpancung, tabung, bola, dan gabungan dua bangun ruang), kedudukan dua garis (dua garis sejajar, dan berpotongan), kedudukan dua lingkaran (L1 dan L2 bersinggungan di luar, dan L2 terletak di dalam L1 (konsetris)), garis lengkung, dan transformasi geometri. Dengan demikian budaya kampung Kemasan Gresik dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa.
Students' Mathematical Literacy Processes on PISA-Like Tasks with The Domain of Space and Shape
Authors: Solikhah Pradnya Paramitha , Rahaju Endah Budi , Prihartiwi Nina Rinda
Published: March 2023

Mathematical literacy is defined as the ability possessed by an individual in formulating, employing, and interpreting mathematics in a variety of contexts. This research aims to describe the mathematical literacy processes of Junior High School students in solving PISA-like problems on space and shape content. The method in this research used qualitative descriptive. The research subject was students of the ninth grade in SMP Negeri 2 Krembung on Sidoarjo, which consisted of twenty-nine students. The instruments used were test and interview. The results showed that the students’ mathematical literacy was classified as less for the process of formulating. Some students still find many difficulties, such as difficulty in determining the strategy used in solving the problem as well as errors in calculation and drawing conclusion. The students’ mathematical literacy was classified as quite good for the process of employing. Students understand the intent of the problem and know what strategy used, although there were some minor errors in calculation or drawing a conclusion. The students’ mathematical literacy was classified as very lacking in the process of interpreting. Students only guess because students were still unable to understand the meaning of the questions and what strategies were used to solve the given problems to answer questions.
KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL MATEMATIKA HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN
Authors: Isslamiyah Nur Izzatul , Wijayanti Pradnyo
Published: March 2023

Berpikir kritis sebagai salah satu keterampilan berpikir yang perlu dimiliki oleh setiap siswa. Pemberian soal matematika higher order thinking skills (HOTS) pada siswa dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika higher order thinking skills (HOTS) ditinjau dari jenis kelamin. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siswa SMA, satu siswa laki-laki dan satu siswa perempuan dengan kategori kemampuan yang tinggi.  Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi tes soal matematika higher order thinking skills (HOTS) beserta pedoman wawancara. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data yakni metode tes dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini diantaranya analisis soal matematika higher order thinking skills (HOTS) dan analisis wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa interpretation siswa laki-laki mampu menuliskan permasalahan yang terdapat pada soal, analysis siswa laki-laki mampu menuliskan setiap langkah yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan pada soal, evaluation siswa laki-laki mampu menuliskan penyelesaian soal, inference siswa laki-laki mampu menarik kesimpulan pada setiap langkah yang digunakan, explanation siswa laki-laki mampu menuliskan hasil akhir dari penyelesaian soal, self-regulation siswa laki-laki mampu mereview ulang jawaban hasil pekerjaanya. Interpretation siswa perempuan mampu menuliskan permasalahan yang terdapat pada soal, analysis siswa perempuan mampu menuliskan setiap langkah yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan pada soal, evaluation siswa perempuan mampu menuliskan penyelesaian soal, inference siswa perempuan mampu menarik kesimpulan dari setiap langkah yang digunakan, explanation siswa perempuan mampu menuliskan hasil akhir dari penyelesaian soal, self-regulation siswa perempuan mampu mereview ulang jawaban hasil pekerjaanya. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai masukan bagi guru agar lebih memahami serta mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kritis yang dimiliki siswa jika ditinjau dari jenis kelamin untuk memperbaiki mutu pengajaran serta membiasakan siswa untuk menyelesaikan soal matematika HOTS guna untuk melatih kemampuan berpikir kritisnya.
ANALISIS KEGAGALAN SISWA SMA DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH KONTEKSTUAL MATERI KESEBANGUNAN
Authors: Rohmahh Dewi Isarotur , Rosyidi Abdul Haris
Published: March 2023

Pemecahan masalah merupakan aktivitas penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Masih terdapat siswa yang mengalami kegagalan dalam pemecahan masalah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kegagalan siswa dalam pemecahan masalah kontekstual materi kesebangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan subjek 4 siswa dari SMA Negeri di Bojonegoro. Subjek penelitian dipilih dari siswa yang mengalami kegagalan di tahapan pemecahan masalah Polya yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tahap memahami masalah siswa gagal dalam menentukan apa yang diketahui dan apa yang ditanyakan soal, siswa gagal dalam menentukan informasi yang cukup untuk mencari yang ditanyakan, gagal memvisualisasikan masalah dengan tepat, dan memberikan argumen pemahamannya yang tidak sesuai dengan soal. Pada tahap merencanakan masalah, siswa gagal dalam mengkaitkan masalah dengan materi matematika, kurang tepat dalam menyebutkan teorema atau definisi yang terkait dengan masalah. Pada tahap menyelesaikan pemecahan masalah siswa menjalankan penyelesaian tidak sesuai dengan rencana yang sudah disusun, menyelesaikan masalah dengan langkah yang kurang tepat, dan gagal membuktikan penyelesaiannya adalah benar. Pada tahap melihat kembali pemecahan masalah siswa gagal menemukan alternatif penyelesaian lain. Ketidakmampuan siswa menemukan konsep atau teorema yang relevan menjadi indikasi bahwa ada masalah dalam menerapkan konsep matematika di kehidupan sehari-hari.
Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa SMA dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau dari Self-Confidence
Authors: Aini Anisa Nur , Setianingsih Rini
Published: March 2023

Kemampuan komunikasi matematis adalah kemampuan siswa dalam menyampaikan ide matematika baik dalam tulisan maupun secara lisan. Kemampuan komunikasi matematis perlu ditumbuhkan dalam diri siswa agar dapat menyampaikan ide dan pemikirannya terhadap suatu konsep tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa SMA dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika pada materi program linear ditinjau dari self-confidence. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 3 orang siswa dimana subjek diperoleh dari penyebaran angket self-confidence kepada 32 orang siswa kelas XI IPA 5 pada salah satu SMA di Sidoarjo yang dipilih masing-masing satu siswa dengan self-confidence tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan  2 butir soal tes esai materi program linear, angket self-confidence, dan wawancara. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan indikator kemampuan komunikasi matematis melalui tiga tahapan yaitu kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa dengan self-confidence tinggi mempunyai kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang tinggi dan mampu memenuhi semua indikator kemampuan komunikasi matematis, sedangkan siswa dengan self-confidence sedang dan rendah memiliki kemampuan komunikasi matematis sedang dan hanya mampu memenuhi dua indikator kemampuan komunikasi matematis dari tiga indikator yang ada. Oleh karena itu, guru diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa dengan memperbanyak kegiatan diskusi bersama, presentasi, sesi tanya jawab antara guru dengan siswa dan siswa dengan siswa serta memberikan banyak latihan soal kepada siswa agar self-confidence yang dimiliki siswa juga meningkat.
Analisis Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa SMA dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM)
Authors: Anggraini Katherina Estherika , Setianingsih Rini
Published: March 2023

AKM berfungsi untuk mengukur kompetensi siswa maka soal AKM terdiri dari berbagai konten atau topik, beragam konteks serta beberapa tingkat proses kognitif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan numerasi siswa SMA dalam meyelesaikan soal AKM. Subjek penelitian ini adalah tiga orang siswa dari kelas X dengan diberikan soal tes AKM dan melakukan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu berdasarkan hasil tes soal AKM dari 15 siswa terdapat 11 siswa dengan kemampuan numerasi rendah, tiga siswa dengan kemampuan numerasi sedang, dan satu orang siswa dengan kemampuan numerasi tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, siswa dengan kemampuan numerasi rendah pada level pemahaman menentukan informasi dari bacaan dengan tepat, pada level penerapan siswa belum mampu memberikan solusi penyelesaian dari soal, dan pada level penalaran siswa belum mampu menganalisis dan menyelesaikan soal. Siswa dengan kemampuan numerasi sedang pada level pemahaman mendapatkan informasi dari bacaan dengan tepat, pada level penerapan siswa memberikan solusi penyelesaian dari soal, dan pada level penalaran siswa cukup mampu dalam menganalisis dan menyelesaikan soal dan disertai alasan yang tepat. Sedangkan siswa dengan kemampuan numerasi tinggi pada level pemahaman mendapatkan informasi dari bacaan dengan tepat sehingga siswa memahami soal, pada level penerapan siswa memberikan solusi penyelesaian dari soal, dan pada level penalaran siswa mampu menganalisis dan menyelesaikan soal disertai alasan yang tepat. Peneliti menyarankan agar guru dan siswa memperbanyak latihan soal AKM untuk melatih kemampuan numerasi siswa dalam pemahaman, penerapan, dan penalaran siswa agar siswa menjadi terbiasa dalam proses kognitifnya serta mempersiapkan siswa menghadapi soal AKM.
Low Vision Student Errors in Solving Area and Circumference of Plane Figures Problems and Its Alternative Solutions
Authors: Aprilio Firstian Angger , Ekawati Rooselyna
Published: March 2023

Mathematics uses a lot of visual representations, one of which is geometry. In capturing mathematical information, visual sensing plays a very important role. This has an impact on low vision students in understanding and mastering the material. This study is interested to describe errors experienced by a low vision student in solving the problem of determining the area and circumference of plane figures and its alternative solutions. This research is an intrinsic case study research with a qualitative approach. The research subject was one low vision student with normal cognitive development. Data analysis to determine student errors is described using Newman's Error Analysis. The results showed that students did not have difficulty in reading, but experienced major errors in determining the completion steps for a problem (Transformation Errors). Errors in understanding the context (Comprehension Errors) problems often occur when students are faced with complex problems. Other errors occur in the calculation (Process Skill Errors) and writing the final result (Encoding Errors). This research can be an evaluation for teachers in planning mathematics learning activities using appropriate and varied learning methods and media.
PERBEDAAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA PADA MATERI SPLTV DITINJAU DARI TIPE KEPRIBADIAN EKSTROVERT DAN INTROVERT
Authors: Sari Anggi Atika , Kurniasari Ika
Published: March 2023

Perbedaan tipe kepribadian yang dimiliki setap orang dapat menyebabkan perbedaan dalam memecahkan suatu masalah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah mencari perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah antara siswa ekstrovert dan introvert berdasarkan langkah pemecahan masalah menurut Polya. Subjek dalam penelitian ini ialah siswa kelas X IPA-3 yang berjumlah 28 orang di salah satu SMA Negeri yang ada di Bojonegoro. Instrumen yang digunakan ialah angket tipe kepribadian dan tes pemecahan masalah materi SPLTV. Teknik analisis data secara kuantitatif digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah   dilihat dari rata-rata hasil skor sedangkan untuk mengetahui perbedaan lebih jauh mengenai perbedaan tersebut maka dianalisa secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada langkah memahami masalah 58% siswa ekstrovert kurang lengkap dalam menyebutkan informasi yang terdapat pada soal. Sementara , 88% siswa introvert menyebutkan keseluruhan informasi yang terdapat dalam soal, baik yang diketahui maupun yang ditanyakan. Pada langkah merencanakan pemecahan masalah 67% siswa ekstrovert hanya menuliskan satu metode saja yang akan mereka gunakan, yakni metode eliminasi. Sementara itu, 94% siswa introvert menuliskan kedua metode yang akan digunakan, yakni eliminasi dan substitusi. Pada langkah melaksanakan pemecahan masalah, 50% siswa ekstrovert tidak mampu menyelesaikan jawaban sampai akhir.  Disisi lain, 81% siswa introvert mampu menyelesaikan masalah sampai akhir secara lengkap dan sistematis. Pada langkah memeriksa kembali, 42% siswa ekstrovert hanya memeriksa sebagian  langkah yang telah dilakukan. Hal berbeda ditunjukkan oleh 75% siswa introvert yang teliti memeriksa langkah demi langkah yang telah dilalui dan menyocokkan kembali hasil jawaban dengan perintah dalam soal sehingga menghasilkan jawaban yang tepat.

Kata Kunci: kemampuan pemecahan masalah, materi SPLTV, tipe kepribadian ekstrovert dan introvert.
PROFIL BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH SPLDV DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR
Authors: Nur Fitri Ni'amatul Aulia , Ismail Ismail
Published: March 2023

Berpikir kritis merupakan proses berpikir seseorang dalam mengolah informasi yang diperoleh hingga mendapatkan simpulan yang valid. Untuk mengidentifikasi proses berpikir kritis siswa salah satunya bisa dengan kegiatan pemecahan masalah. Salah satu faktor yang memberi pengaruh terhadap berpikir kritis ialah gaya belajar yang digunakan oleh siswa. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil berpikir kritis siswa SMP dalam menyelesaikan masalah sistem persamaan linear dua variabel yang ditinjau dari gaya belajar kinestik, auditorial, dan visual. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga siswa yang mempunyai gaya belajar yang berbeda, memiliki jenis kelamin yang sama dan kemampuan matematika yang setara. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan pedoman wawancara, tes berpikir kritis, dan angket gaya belajar sebagai instrumen penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa dengan gaya belajar visual, auditorial, dan kinestetik pada proses pengenalan, siswa menentukan pokok permasalahan dengan tepat. Pada proses analisis, siswa dengan gaya belajar visual, auditorial, dan kinestetik menentukan strategi yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah dan membuat kesimpulan. Pada proses evaluasi, siswa dengan gaya belajar visual, audirorial, dan kinestetik mengecek kembali perhitungan dan langkah-langkah yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan masalah. Pada proses memikirkan alternatif penyelesaian, siswa dengan gaya belajar visual dan kinestetik memikirkan alternatif penyelesaian lain dalam memecahkan permasalahan. Sedangkan siswa dengan gaya belajar auditorial tidak memikirkan alternatif penyelesaian lain.
Analisis Representasi Matematis Siswa SMP dalam Memecahkan Masalah Aritmatika Sosial
Authors: Puspitasari Nurul Diah , Susanah Susanah
Published: March 2023

Representasi matematis adalah produk nyata dari ide atau hubungan antara ide matematika yang dapat disimbolkan, diwakilkan, dan didiskusikan seperti tabel, simbol, dan gambar. Representasi matematis memiliki beberapa jenis representasi yaitu representasi visual, representasi simbol, dan representasi verbal. Representasi matematis dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk memecahkan masalah dan penggunaan representasi matematis siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan dapat berbeda. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan representasi matematis siswa SMP dalam memecahkan masalah aritmatika sosial. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah satu siswa laki-laki dan satu siswa perempuan kelas VII SMP yang memiliki kemampuan matematika sedang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri dengan instrumen pendukung yaitu Tes Kemampuan Matematika, Tugas Pemecahan Masalah, dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah siswa laki-laki maupun siswa perempuan tidak menggunakan representasi visual pada setiap tahap. Pada tahap memahami masalah dan melaksanakan rencana siswa laki-laki maupun siswa perempuan menggunakan representasi simbol dan representasi verbal namun siswa laki-laki kurang dalam menggunakan representasi verbal. Dalam menyusun rencana, siswa laki-laki menggunakan representasi verbal sedangkan siswa perempuan tidak menggunakan representasi apapun, dan pada tahap refleksi, siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan melewatkan tahap ini. Oleh karena itu, bagi pembaca yang bekerja dalam bidang pembelajaran untuk siswa diharapkan dapat melatih siswa dengan menggunakan pemecahan masalah yang membutuhkan representasi matematis agar siswa terlatih menggunakan berbagai macam representasi matematis.
Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Kontekstual Materi Program Linear Siswa SMA Bergaya Kognitif Field Dependent Dan Field Independent
Authors: Asmah Nicki Fabasti , Rahaju Endah Budi
Published: March 2023

Kemampuan pemecahan masalah adalah kesanggupan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika dengan memenuhi proses menemukan jawaban berdasarkan tahap pemecahan masalah. Masalah yang dipecahkan dapat berupa masalah kontekstual. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah kontekstual siswa dapat dipengaruhi oleh gaya kognitif, yaitu field dependent (FD) dan field independent (FI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa FD dan FI ketika memecahkan masalah matematika kontekstual materi program linear. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu GEFT (Group Embeded Figure Test), Tes Pemecahan Masalah, dan pedoman wawancara. Subjek penelitian adalah 2 siswa SMA kelas XI IPS dengan kemampuan setara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan siswa FD dan FI dapat melakukan 4 tahap pemecahan masalah dalam memecahkan masalah matematika kontekstual pada materi program linear. Siswa FD pada saat memahami masalah telah membaca permasalahan dengan cermat dan dibaca sekali, sedangkan siswa FI membaca berulang kali. Siswa FD dapat menentukan apa yang diketahui, tetapi mereka tidak dapat menentukan apa yang ditanyakan. Sedangkan siswa FI tidak menuliskan apa yang diketahui dan yang ditanyakan dalam permasalahan. Siswa FD dan FI dapat merencanakan penyelesaian permasalahan. Siswa FD dan FI menuliskan langkah pemecahan serta hasil akhir. Siswa FD dan FI dalam pembentukan kesimpulan dapat menjawab permasalahan dengan benar. Siswa FD memastikan langkah yang dilakukan sudah benar dengan memeriksa kembali dan melakukan perhitungan ulang, sedangkan siswa FI memeriksa kembali dengan membaca ulang permasalahan dan melakukan perhitungan ulang. Hasil penelitian ini menjadi masukan bagi guru sebaiknya mengingatkan siswa untuk menuliskan informasi yang ada pada suatu permasalahan dan apa yang ditanyakan.Kata Kunci: kemampuan pemecahan masalah, masalah matematika kontekstual, gaya kognitif, field dependent, field independent.
Combined Feature Selection Scheme for Banking Modeling
Authors: Afanasyev S. V. , Kotereva D. M. , Mironenkov A. A. , Smirnova A. A.
Published: March 2023

Machine learning methods have been successful in various aspects of bank lending. Banks have accumulated huge amounts of data about borrowers over the years of application. On the one hand, this made it possible to predict borrower behavior more accurately, on the other, it gave rise to the problem a problem of data redundancy, which greatly complicates the model development. Methods of feature selection, which allows to improve the quality of models, are apply to solve this problem. Feature selection methods can be divided into three main types: filters, wrappers, and embedded methods. Filters are simple and time-efficient methods that may help discover one-dimensional relations. Wrappers and embedded methods are more effective in feature selection, because they account for multi-dimensional relationships, but these methods are resource-consuming and may fail to process large samples with many features. In this article, the authors propose a combined feature selection scheme (CFSS), in which the first stages of selection use coarse filters, and on the final — wrappers for high-quality selection. This architecture lets us increase the quality of selection and reduce the time necessary to process large multi-dimensional samples, which are used in the development of industrial models. Experiments conducted by authors for four types of bank modelling tasks (survey scoring, behavioral scoring, customer response to cross-selling, and delayed debt collection) have shown that the proposed method better than classical methods containing only filters or only wrappers.
Regulation of Banking Groups and their Financial Stability in Russia
Authors: Larionova I. V. , Byvshev V. A. , Meshkova E. I.
Published: March 2023

More complex activities, financial reporting, and risk aggregation of banking groups increase the relevance of research on their financial stability. The purpose of our study is to analyze the effectiveness of banking groups’ regulation in the Russian Federation and to develop proposals for its optimization. The scientific novelty includes the identification and proof of the hypothesis of the dependence of the banking groups’ financial stability on the level of the group control, as well as measures to improve the regulation of activities and financial stability of banking groups in Russia. The research methodology is based on a linear model on panel data (fixed effects models, random effects models, and pool models). The empirical base of the study includes data on the 26 largest Russian banking groups and parent credit institutions of banking groups from 2010 to 2020. A hypothesis was put forward that the financial stability of the banking group depends on the effectiveness of the regulatory control within the group. To confirm the hypothesis, the authors assessed the financial stability of banking groups using the Zscore, while the banking groups were divided into two pools depending on the level of regulatory control. As a result, this hypothesis was confirmed. For banking groups with a high level of regulatory control, a model of financial stability and the factors that have the greatest impact on it were identified. The authors suggested the following measures to improve the regulation and financial reporting of the banking groups: 1) to expand the regulatory consolidation of the reporting of banking groups to the level of accounting, which will create the basis for a complete risk assessment; 2) to clearly define approaches to formalizing the assessment and management of the forced financial support risks for the group companies; 3) to unify the disclosure by banking groups of information about risks, methods for their assessment and management, including the relationship with the business model of activity. These measures are aimed at improving the risk management of credit institutions.
Policy Interest Rate and Bank Profitability-Scheduled Commercial Banks in India
Authors: Kasana E. , Chauhan K. , Sahoo B. P.
Published: March 2023

The main aim of this research study is to inspect the relationship between interest rate (monetary policy) and bank profitability, along with some bank specific, industry specific, and macroeconomic variables. The research methodology includes balanced panel data comprising 50 Indian scheduled commercial banks for 12 years from 2008 to 2020. Fixed effect and random effect model regression have been used to know the required relationship. Due to the presence of heteroskedasticity, the results for robust standard error have been presented. The result shows a positive association between the interest rate spread and two banks’ profitability indicator return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) while interest rate has an insignificant negative relationship on bank profitability. The study concludes that the central bank can increase or decrease the interest spread to maintain the surplus or deficit liquidity problem in the economy. Banks are advised to make the appropriate change in lending rate or deposit rate with respect to policy rate to make transmission channel efficient. Also, identify some other factors that affect the bank’s profitability. It will help the bank manager to improve the bank’s profitability.
Sanctions Pressure on the Russian Economy: Ways to Overcome the Costs and Benefits of Confrontation within the Framework of Import Substitution
Authors: Safiullin M. R. , Elshin L. A.
Published: March 2023

The sustainable development of the national economy, taking into account the creation of mechanisms for ensuring economic security, technological sovereignty and preventing threats to the localization of import supplies of final and intermediate consumption goods, is one of the priority directions of economic policy in the conditions of systemic restrictions formed under the pressure of sanctions. In this regard, the study of the key externalities generated within the framework of the sanctions confrontation is an extremely popular task, both for science and practice. In this paper, the authors pay attention to both the actualization of the problem posed and an overview of some of the costs and benefits that can be extracted in the new reality for the national economic system of the Russian Federation. The main purpose of the study is to systematize and analyze the key parameters of economic growth in the Russian Federation under the sanctions pressure of the 2022 model and substantiate the policy of intensification of import substitution as a key mechanism for ensuring sustainable development in the medium and long term in the new reality. The subject of the study is the restrictions imposed by a number of Western countries in relation to the Russian economy, the costs they generate and the opportunities for building a new model of economic growth. As the main results of the study, it is necessary to highlight the systematization of sanctions and restrictions imposed on Russia in 2022; identified trends in the formation of key macroeconomic parameters of the Russian economy, revealing the features of labor market development, GDP formation, investment and business activity, etc.; systematization of risks and prospects of economic growth, including the projection of theoretical models of economic dynamics (IS-LM, AD-AS) on the received estimates; identification of the dependence of the national economy of the Russian Federation on the import of technologies and intermediate/final consumption goods, followed by justification and development of a model to stimulate the policy of import substitution within the framework of the activation of NTR.
Methodology for Calculating the Job Loss Insurance Rate
Authors: Bandurin A. V.
Published: March 2023

The relevance of the research topic is confirmed by the fact that in the context of globalization, job search and job loss have become rather common. Therefore, the working-age population needs to be protected from job loss when looking for a new job. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for calculating the job loss insurance rate for citizens. The methodology is based on an actuarial approach that allows a comparison of the net rate and the gross rate paid by the insured. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the consideration of the net rate based on the reasons for employee termination, and the analysis of the possibilities of distributing the net rate between the employee and the employer. Main research methods include tabular and graphical methods, analysis and synthesis, comparison, induction, and deduction. As a result of the introduction of job loss insurance, the social protection of the population in the context of COVID‑19 is being strengthened, and opportunities for temporary coverage of expenses during the job search period are being increased. The author concludes that this type of insurance is promising in a market economy and may become not only a new and interesting insurance product but also an effective tool for the social protection of the population in regions with high labor market turbulence.
Game-Theoretic Model for Stimulating High Performance of Regional Civil Servants in Russia
Authors: Gubarev R. V. , Dzyuba E. I. , Fayzullin F. S . , Chkhartishvili A. G. , Shchepkin A. V.
Published: March 2023

The priority goal of the country’s top leadership is to ensure sustainable socio-economic development of all constituent entities of the Russian Federation and improve the quality of life of their population. In a challenging geopolitical situation, achieving this goal is difficult. Only under the condition of an effective system of public administration is it possible to solve the main socio-economic problems in the Russian regions. This requires linking the size of collective incentive payments to regional civil servants to the achieved level of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The foregoing predetermined the relevance of the research topic. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the bonus calculation mechanism for the executive branch employees of the Russian regions, depending on the assessment of their ability to work as part of a team to achieve results, i. e. to perform their duties to a high standard. This involves the use of modern methods of economic and mathematical modeling, designed in this case to ensure the objectivity of assessment of the collective and individual performance (efficiency) of regional civil servants. This is the main scientific novelty of the paper. The practical implementation of the mechanism of collective and individual incentives for regional civil servants will create the preconditions for increasing the wages of such employees in all regions of the Russian Federation. Thus, the coordinated actions of civil servants from different ministries and departments of the Russian subsidized regions in the future will help increase their financial security and transition to the group of donor regions, and ultimately will create the possibility of increasing budget expenditures on wages for the executive branch employees.
Current Problems of Ensuring the Financial Sovereignty of Russia in the Context of International Sanctions
Authors: Dudin M. N. , Shkodinsky S. V. , Ivanov M. O.
Published: March 2023

The relevance of the topic of the article is due, first, to the growing geopolitical challenges and threats, escalation of international sanctions that undermine the foundations of economic and financial sovereignty of Russia, and, second, to the need to develop science-based solutions, ensuring the ability of the national financial system to maintain stability and independence from external shocks. The purpose of the research is to identify the current problems of Russia’s financial sovereignty and to develop reasoned proposals to ensure it in the context of the international sanction’s matrix. The novelty of the research is that the authors for the first time presented and described a matrix of international sanctions against the financial sovereignty of Russia, as well as developed economically feasible recommendations for its protection in modern conditions. When preparing the theoretical section of the publication, a group of general scientific methods was used: observation, comparison, measurement, analysis and synthesis, method of logical reasoning, critical review of scientific literature and professional publications. In the preparation of the analytical section and development specific recommendations, specific scientific methods (static analysis, graphical method) were used, expert method was used to form scenarios for assessing the future state of the financial sovereignty. The essence of the concept of “financial sovereignty” in the context of the international sanction’s matrix was considered. Available official state and other verified statistics of the number and structure of sanctions against the financial system was collected and processed, as well as points (zones) of application of their destructive influence was identified. As conclusions, expert judgments were formulated on possible tools to protect financial sovereignty and assessed their positive and negative effects, taking into account the volatility of sanctions. The materials of this research can be used as a basis for further justification of promising solutions to protect national financial sovereignty, taking into account foreign economic and military-political trends. The results of the research will be useful to experts in the sphere of state regulation of the national financial system, as well as specialists in the formation of forecasts of socio-economic development of the state.
Digitalization in the Processes of Classification of the Country’s Budget Expenditures
Authors: Sergeev L. I. , Sergeev D. L.
Published: March 2023

The study of the processes of planning and accounting of budget expenditures in the context of digitalization and the development of the processes of classification and coding of costs is an important urgent task of improving public financial management. The purpose of the study is to generalize the classification of the country’s budget expenditures to justify the need for changes in the order of planning and cost accounting on digital platforms. The research methods included: analysis and synthesis; regression analysis; modeling; scientific abstraction; logical method. The novelty lies in the proposed logical justification of the provisions of the theory of financial informatics as a synthesis of two scientific disciplines — the theory of finance and the theory of computer science. The author’s view on the digital content of the classification of budget expenditures is proposed, which represents a multi-dimensional hierarchical system for constructing a graph of budget expenditures. Regression models of the dependence of the resource intensity of the conditional classification budget code of expenditures on the quality of financial management of the GRBS have been developed. The conclusions of the study confirmed the hypothesis that the more detailed the differentiation (classification) of budget expenditures, the more opportunities there are for competent organization and management of their financing processes, which is facilitated by the development of ICT. The recommendations are reduced to the need for further research of the scientific and applied provisions of the development and organization of the functioning of digital platforms in the system of public financial management to improve the efficiency of the use of the country’s budget resources. Further development of scientific and applied methodological provisions for the development of the electronic budget is required in order to turn it into a form of the digital budget of the country.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Dynamics of Residential Real Estate Prices in Russia
Authors: Nikitina N. S.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we have constructed a VAR model to identify and assess the impact of real interest rate shocks, real estate demand, oil prices, uncertainty, and aggregate business activity on residential real estate prices in Russia. The relevance of the research is due to the following: the dynamics of real estate prices determines the consumer and investment behavior of households, and serious fluctuations in real estate prices lead to adverse consequences in many areas of life, so more and more researchers are asking questions about the presence of bubbles in the real estate market, which can be dangerous to the stability of the economy. In addition, a sharp increase in the cost of housing in Russia in 2020 is an open question for researchers. Our goal is to determine what factors caused the rise in real estate prices in Russia in the time interval from the Q1 of 2000 to the Q2 of 2022. A VAR model with a Cholesky decomposition was used for the evaluation. Several specifications were considered with the inclusion of the real oil price as an exogenous variable and a set of endogenous variables: real GDP, real interest rate, uncertainty index and housing price index. The main conclusion of the paper is that the housing market is sensitive to identified macroeconomic shocks, and a decrease in the interest rate leads to an increase in demand and real estate prices. The estimate of the long-term elasticity of housing prices for oil prices was 0.35, the dynamics of oil prices explained a significant proportion of the variation in real estate prices, but the predominant role in housing price fluctuations is given to housing demand shocks. The housing demand shocks in Russia itself had a negligible impact on GDP.
Tax on Digital Services: Assessment of the Advantage of the Introduction in Russia
Authors: Berger А. , Polezharova L. V.
Published: March 2023

The topic of digital services tax (DST), applied in a number of foreign jurisdictions, remains relevant, and there is an active discussion in the scientific community on the advisability of introducing such a tax in Russia. The purpose of the study is to characterize the directions of the impact of such a tax on economic growth for the justification of the expediency of its introduction in Russia. The hypothesis is that the introduction of indirect DST will not lead to the withdrawal of part of the property of foreign digital giants in favor of the Russian budget, since the tax burden will be completely transferred to Russian consumers of these services, which in turn will have a negative impact on the economic growth of the domestic economy. The study of the theoretical foundations of DST and the practice of its application in foreign countries has revealed its inconsistency with the principles of neutrality and non-discrimination of taxation, the complexity of tax administration. Using economic and mathematical tools, a model was developed for transferring the tax burden when introducing DST from a foreign company to Russian clients of the platform and end consumers in Russia. A simulation experiment using Airbnb as an example showed that if a digital tax of 3% is introduced in Russia, Airbnb’s profit indicator is potentially expected to grow (which will be taxed in the Netherlands); decrease in profits of Russian Airbnb clients (Russian hotels); increase in Airbnb’s end-customer costs. Presumably, tolerable scenario is that the full burden of the digital tax will be passed on to domestic taxpayers due to the indirect nature of the digital tax. As a result of the study, the hypothesis about the lack of economic feasibility of introducing indirect DST in Russia was confirmed.
Assessment of Interregional Inequality of Tax Revenues
Authors: Kamaletdinov A. Sh. , Ksenofontov A. A.
Published: March 2023

Efficiency of economic activity of 85 regions of the Russian Federation is analyzed in this article. Thepurposeof the research is assessment the interregional inequality of the Russian regions. The analysis was based on the total tax revenues collected within all the Russian regions. The research was based onmethodsof analysis and synthesis, analogy and generalization, comparison and comparison, induction and deduction, economic-mathematical and statistical methods of estimation of income inequality. For its implementation, coefficients and indices were used: Lorentz, Ginny, Robin Hood, Theil, Atkinson, and Herfindahl-Hirschman. Part of the analysis was performed in the analytical module of the information system “Taxes of the Russian Federation”. Based on the Russian Federation subjects’ economic activity model, it is concluded that the total tax revenues collected on regions reflect the effectiveness of its functioning. A more accurate picture is described with the quotient of the tax revenues’ division by the labor resources engaged in their creation. Based on the methods used and data provided by the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation and Rosstat, was made of the uniformity of tax revenue collection among 85 subjects of the Russian Federation in the period from 2015 to 2020, all applied coefficients and indices were calculated. Using the share of employed population and tax revenues, the Lorenz curves and size diagrams (box plot) for the ratio of these shares (r) in the period under consideration are constructed and the emissions (outlier) in the distribution of tax revenues are determined. The dynamics of tax revenues and their variation are estimated. The obtained values of inequality indicators and indices showed that the distribution of tax revenues among 85 regions of the Russian Federation is uneven. Simultaneously, this situation is evident throughout the period under review. The subjects whose tax income values can be attributed to outliers have been identified. It isconcludedthat the problem of uneven development of regions of the country is traced through centuries. A way out of this situation is to use differentiated financial and tax policies in relation to different regions of the country.
Role of Digitalisation in Rural Banking Sector in Madurai, India
Authors: Karunakaran S. , Gopinathan N.
Published: March 2023

The Indian banking sector has reached greater heights in recent days because of adopting and involving in the Digitalisation of banking. Though India is moving forward with digitalisation process, our nation faces several setbacks and opposition, which has to be crossed specifically in the rural banking system. The current research work has attempted to examine these challenges and setbacks which are found commonly in rural banking digitalisation. This paper aims in analysing the impacts and influences of Digitalisation in rural banks of Madurai city, Tamil Nadu. Moreover, the study is surveying multiple influencing factors like literacy rate, education qualification, income quality, gender equality and socio-economic position. Finally, some suggestions and conceptions to increase the maximum reach of knowledge and importance regarding the Digitalisation of banks in rural regions are suggested to the government and banking sectors. Regional based loan schemes and mechanisms and procedures must be encouraged by banks. Income assessment, repayable capacity in the rural areas of Madurai has to be initiated. The study focuses on research-based on quantitative tools. The Study aims in explaining the various positive outcomes of bank digitalisation via digital banking and financial inclusion here in India. The present study provides the awareness of the digital world and the advantages of adopting them in rural India for various banking services. The paper concludes that there is a need for digital establishments and digital banking in most rural areas all over India.