bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alena Bočková, Historia S. Joannis Nepomuceni. Zpráva historická o životě sv. Jana Nepomuckého aneb Podoby barokního překladu
Authors: Brčák Marek
Published: February 2018

Alena Bočková, Historia S. Joannis Nepomuceni. Zpráva historická o životě sv. Jana Nepomuckého aneb Podoby barokního překladu
Praha, Scriptorium, 2015, 544s., ISBN 978-80-88013-18-1
Saccharin: a cheap and mild acidic agent for the synthesis of azo dyes via telescoped dediazotization
Authors: Khaligh Nader Ghaffari , Johan Mohd Rafie , Joon Ching Juan
Published: February 2018

Green synthesis methods are considered as a safer alternative to the conventional synthetic processes due to their eco-friendly nature, cost-effectiveness, and easy handling. In the present study, an eco-friendly and sustainable method for the synthesis of stable arenediazonium has been developed using saccharin as a cheap and mild acidic agent and tert-butyl nitrite as a diazotization reagent for the first time. These stable intermediates were used in the azo coupling reaction with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde via telescoped dediazotization. The current method has advantages such as reduced waste by avoiding solvent for the purification of intermediate in diazotization step, cost-effectiveness, simple experimental procedure, good yield of azo dyes, metal-free waste, and environmentally benign conditions. An interesting aspect of this study is the recovery of saccharin from the reaction, which could be reused.
Environmental determinants of activity variation of an overlooked burrowing rodent: the Indian crested porcupine
Authors: Mukherjee Aditi , Kumara Honnavalli Nagaraj , Bhupathy Subramanian
Published: February 2018

A study of the activity patterns, time allocation for each activity and variations in activities due to environmental alterations are necessary for understanding the biology of any species. This study investigates the relationship of micro-habitat and environmental conditions with seasonal and temporal activities of Indian crested porcupines (ICP) around their burrows in Keoladeo National Park (KNP), India. This species is considered as a problem species, often ignoring its ecological importance as an ecosystem engineer. Of the 39 sampled burrows, 58.97%, 38.46% and 83.78% were occupied in winter, summer and monsoon, respectively. The estimated porcupine density was 3.21±1.32SD individuals/km2, accounting for a population size of 65.89±27.15SD individuals. A seasonal shift in rate of emergence was observed in monsoon and winter, when ICP emerged earlier, significantly correlating with the sunset timings. The daily activity records of adult ICP outside burrow significantly peaked in January–February when they prepare the burrows for the gestation period of 90–112 days, followed by rearing of the offspring. The temporal activity significantly reduced in the full moon nights, perhaps to avoid predators. The study affirms that environmental determinants including the timings of sunrise, sunset and lunar phase significantly affect the variations in temporal activity and burrow use patterns of ICP.
Recent advances in B–H functionalization of icosahedral carboranes and boranes by transition metal catalysis
Authors: Duttwyler Simon
Published: February 2018

Significant progress in the functionalization of icosahedral boron clusters has been made in the past years, leading to an increasing number of applications in various fields of research. The direct conversion of B–H bonds to substituted vertices constitutes an attractive strategy to synthesize cage compounds with desired properties. In this report, recent advances in the transition metal-catalyzed B–H activation of neutral and anionic boron clusters are presented.
The EU polycrisis and hard populism in East -Central Europe: From the Copenhagen dilemma to the Juncker paradox
Authors: Ágh Attila
Published: February 2018

Analyses of populism in East -Central Europe (ECE) necessarily depart from the general crisis of representative democracy in the EU and describe the ECE as a specifi c regional case reflecting the failure of the catch -up process. The first part of this article adopts this “classical” approach and considers the backsliding of ECE democracy alongside the rise of populist identity politics in the global context. In the second part, I turn to the historical trajectory of ECE populism as a “nested” or two -level game in the EU context of ECE developments. The third part of this article outlines the main contradictions in this process that has led to what I call the Juncker paradox. To understand this paradox, we need to return to what the Commission noted in the early 2010s as the Copenhagen dilemma: aft er the EU accession of ECE states, the EU had no means to control rule -of -law violations and, in fact, supported autocratic populist ECE regimes through European transfers. This article explains the worsening of this situation in the late 2010s as the EU polycrisis caused Juncker’s Commission to focus on Core -based priorities and marginalise rule -of -law violations in ECE. This inaction and neglect have produced a special case of negative externalities - the Juncker paradox - that has largely been counterproductive and further strengthened anti -EU populism in all ECE countries, especially Hungary and Poland. Despite this situation, I conclude that Juncker’s 2017 State of the Union address should be a turning point in the EU’s policy towards ECE; in particular, it should promote a better understanding of the regional situation and more effective enforcement of the rule of law.
Analyzing Malaise and Mobilization: The Effects of Media on Political Support and European Identity in Old and New Member States
Authors: Ejaz Waqas
Published: February 2018

The recent financial crisis and the way it was handled by European Union (EU) received a great deal of media coverage, and since the media has a tendency to alter public opinion, it is safe to assume that it has affected some Europeans’ attitudes towards the EU. In order to test that assumption, a model was built around the theoretical framework of “media malaise,” and »political support«. It was found that the media certainly affected and shaped public opinion; however, study revealed that consuming media has not made people more cynical towards the EU. Based on secondary data analysis of Eurobarometer the study reveals positive relationship of media mobilization effect with European’s political attitudes and identity.
Additive varying-coefficient model for nonlinear gene-environment interactions
Authors: Wu Cen , Zhong Ping-Shou , Cui Yuehua
Published: February 2018

Gene-environment (G×E) interaction plays a pivotal role in understanding the genetic basis of complex disease. When environmental factors are measured continuously, one can assess the genetic sensitivity over different environmental conditions on a disease trait. Motivated by the increasing awareness of gene set based association analysis over single variant based approaches, we proposed an additive varying-coefficient model to jointly model variants in a genetic system. The model allows us to examine how variants in a gene set are moderated by an environment factor to affect a disease phenotype. We approached the problem from a variable selection perspective. In particular, we select variants with varying, constant and zero coefficients, which correspond to cases of G×E interaction, no G×E interaction and no genetic effect, respectively. The procedure was implemented through a two-stage iterative estimation algorithm via the smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty function. Under certain regularity conditions, we established the consistency property in variable selection as well as effect separation of the two stage iterative estimators, and showed the optimal convergence rates of the estimates for varying effects. In addition, we showed that the estimate of non-zero constant coefficients enjoy the oracle property. The utility of our procedure was demonstrated through simulation studies and real data analysis.
Surgical treatment of vaginal vault prolapse using different prosthetic mesh implants: a finite element analysis
Authors: Bhattarai Aroj , Jabbari Medisa , Anding Ralf , Staat Manfred
Published: February 2018

Particularly multiparous elderly women may suffer from vaginal vault prolapse after hysterectomy due to weak support from lax apical ligaments. A decreased amount of estrogen and progesterone in older age is assumed to remodel the collagen thereby reducing tissue stiffness. Sacrocolpopexy is either performed as open or laparoscopic surgery using prosthetic mesh implants to substitute lax ligaments. Y-shaped mesh models (DynaMesh, Gynemesh, and Ultrapro) are implanted in a 3D female pelvic floor finite element model in the extraperitoneal space from the vaginal cuff to the first sacral (S1) bone below promontory. Numerical simulations are conducted during Valsalva maneuver with weakened tissues modeled by reduced tissue stiffness. Tissues are modeled as incompressible, isotropic hyperelastic materials whereas the meshes are modeled either as orthotropic linear elastic or as isotropic hyperlastic materials. The positions of the vaginal cuff and the bladder base are calculated from the pubococcygeal line for female pelvic floor at rest, for prolapse and after repair using the three meshes. Due to mesh mechanics and mesh pore deformation along the loaded direction, the DynaMesh with regular rectangular mesh pores is found to provide better mechanical support to the organs than the Gynemesh and the Ultrapro with irregular hexagonal mesh pores.
Monitoring the Prescribed and Experienced Heart Rate–Derived Training Loads in Elite Field Hockey Players
Authors: Perrotta Andrew S. , Taunton Jack E. , Koehle Michael S. , White Matthew D. , Warburton Darren E.R.
Published: February 2018

Perrotta, AS, Taunton, JE, Koehle, MS, White, MD, and Warburton, DER. Monitoring the prescribed and experienced heart rate–derived training loads in elite field hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1394–1399, 2019—This study examined the congruence between the prescribed and experienced heart rate–derived training loads over a 5-week periodized mesocycle. Twenty-four elite female field hockey players training as part of a national team were monitored before an (FIH) Hockey World League tournament. Three on-field training sessions per week were prospectively designed focusing on technical, tactical, and physiologically oriented hockey drills. A training load value, modeling the periodized weekly loading scheme, was prescribed for each training session and was calculated using normative training load responses from performing on-field hockey drills. Magnitude-based inferences focusing on the effect size (ES) and a Pearson correlation coefficient (r) were used to examine the degree of difference and the strength of correlation between the prescribed and experienced training loads. A significant correlation was observed between the experienced and prescribed training loads over the 5-week mesocycle (r = 0.92, 90% confidence limit [CL] [0.84–0.96]). The percentage difference and the ES between the achieved and prescribed training loads were as follows: week 1 demonstrated a 2.0% difference (ES = 0.10, 90% CL [−0.22–0.41]), week 2 a −5.4% difference (ES = −0.41, 90% CL [−0.75 to −0.07]), week 3 a −1.5% difference (ES = −0.09, 90% CL [−0.37 to 0.20]), week 4 a 7.1% difference (ES = 0.46, 90% CL [0.14–0.78]), and week 5 a 3.5% difference (ES = 0.18, 90% CL [−0.17 to 0.53]). This investigation demonstrates the efficacy for coaches to prospectively design on-field training sessions using normative training load data to enhance the congruence between the prescribed and experienced training loads over a periodized mesocycle.
Cytosolic ATP Relieves Voltage-Dependent Inactivation of T-Type Calcium Channels and Facilitates Excitability of Neurons in the Rat Central Medial Thalamus
Authors: Stamenic Tamara Timic , Todorovic Slobodan M.
Published: February 2018

The central medial nucleus (CeM) is a part of the intralaminar thalamus, which is involved in the control of arousal and sensory processing. However, ionic conductances and mechanisms that regulate the activity of the CeM are not well studied. Here, we usedin vitroelectrophysiology in acute brain slices from adolescent rats to demonstrate that T-type calcium currents (T-currents) are prominent in the majority of the studied CeM neurons and are critical determinants of low-threshold calcium spikes (LTSs), which in turn regulate excitability of these neurons. Using an ATP-free internal solution decreased T-current density and induced a profound hyperpolarizing shift in steady-state inactivation curves while voltage-dependent activation kinetics were spared. Furthermore, selective pharmacological blockade of T-channels or use of an ATP-free solution reduced both tonic action potential (AP) frequency and rebound burst firing in CeM neurons. Our results indicate that T-channels are critical regulators of a thalamocortical circuit output and suggest that cytosolic ATP could be an endogenous regulatory mechanism in which T-channels may functionally gate sensory transmission and arousalin vivo.
Human Sensorimotor Cortex Control of Directly Measured Vocal Tract Movements during Vowel Production
Authors: Conant David F. , Bouchard Kristofer E. , Leonard Matthew K. , Chang Edward F.
Published: February 2018

During speech production, we make vocal tract movements with remarkable precision and speed. Our understanding of how the human brain achieves such proficient control is limited, in part due to the challenge of simultaneously acquiring high-resolution neural recordings and detailed vocal tract measurements. To overcome this challenge, we combined ultrasound and video monitoring of the supralaryngeal articulators (lips, jaw, and tongue) with electrocorticographic recordings from the cortical surface of 4 subjects (3 female, 1 male) to investigate how neural activity in the ventral sensory-motor cortex (vSMC) relates to measured articulator movement kinematics (position, speed, velocity, acceleration) during the production of English vowels. We found that high-gamma activity at many individual vSMC electrodes strongly encoded the kinematics of one or more articulators, but less so for vowel formants and vowel identity. Neural population decoding methods further revealed the structure of kinematic features that distinguish vowels. Encoding of articulator kinematics was sparsely distributed across time and primarily occurred during the time of vowel onset and offset. In contrast, encoding was low during the steady-state portion of the vowel, despite sustained neural activity at some electrodes. Significant representations were found for all kinematic parameters, but speed was the most robust. These findings enabled by direct vocal tract monitoring demonstrate novel insights into the representation of articulatory kinematic parameters encoded in the vSMC during speech production.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpeaking requires precise control and coordination of the vocal tract articulators (lips, jaw, and tongue). Despite the impressive proficiency with which humans move these articulators during speech production, our understanding of how the brain achieves such control is rudimentary, in part because the movements themselves are difficult to observe. By simultaneously measuring speech movements and the neural activity that gives rise to them, we demonstrate how neural activity in sensorimotor cortex produces complex, coordinated movements of the vocal tract.
Induction and Relief of Curiosity Elicit Parietal and Frontal Activity
Authors: van Lieshout Lieke L.F. , Vandenbroucke Annelinde R.E. , Müller Nils C.J. , Cools Roshan , de Lange Floris P.
Published: February 2018

Curiosity is a basic biological drive, but little is known about its behavioral and neural mechanisms. We can be curious about several types of information. On the one hand, curiosity is a function of the expected value of information, serving primarily to help us maximize reward. On the other hand, curiosity can be a function of the uncertainty of information, helping us to update what we know. In the current studies, we aimed to disentangle the contribution of information uncertainty and expected value of rewards to curiosity in humans. To this end, we designed a lottery task in which uncertainty and expected value of trial outcomes were manipulated independently and examined how neural activity and behavioral measures of curiosity were modulated by these factors. Curiosity increased linearly with increased outcome uncertainty, both when curiosity was explicitly probed as well as when it was implicitly tested by people's willingness to wait. Increased expected value, however, did not strongly relate to these curiosity measures. Neuroimaging results showed greater BOLD response with increasing outcome uncertainty in parietal cortex at the time of curiosity induction. Outcome updating when curiosity was relieved resulted in an increased signal in the insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and parietal cortex. Furthermore, the insula showed a linear increase corresponding to the size of the information update. These results suggest that curiosity is monotonically related to the uncertainty about one's current world model, the induction and relief of which are associated with activity in parietal and insular cortices, respectively.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans are curious by nature. When you hear your phone beep, you probably feel the urge to check the message right away, even though the message itself likely does not give you a direct reward. In this study, we demonstrated that curiosity can be driven by outcome uncertainty, over and above of reward. The induction of curiosity was accompanied by increased activity in the parietal cortex, whereas the information update at the time of curiosity relief was associated with activity in insular cortex. These findings advance our understanding of the behavioral and neural constituents of curiosity, which lies at the core of human information seeking and serves to optimize the individual's current world model.
Quantum Narratives and the Power of Rhetorical Omission
Authors: Perillán José G.
Published: February 2018

John S. Bell openly questioned the dominance of an orthodox quantum interpretation that had seemingly raised the principle of indeterminism from an epistemological question to an ontological truth in the late 1920s. He understood the inevitability of indeterminism to be a theoretical choice made by the founding architects of quantum theory, not a fundamental principle of reality necessitated by experimental facts. As a result, Bell decried the general lull in quantum interpretation debates within the physics community, and in particular, the complete omission of Louis de Broglie’s deterministic pilot wave interpretation from all theoretical and pedagogical discourses. This paper reexamines the pilot wave’s rise, abandonment, and subsequent omission in the history of quantum theory. What emerges is not a straightforward story of victimization and hegemonic marginalization. Instead, it is a story that grapples with tensions between the polyphony of individual voices and a physics community’s evolving identity and consensus in response to particular sociopolitical and scientific contexts. At the heart of these tensions sits an international scientific community transitioning from a politically fractured and intellectually divergent community to one embracing a somewhat forced pragmatic convergence around rationally reconstructed narratives and concepts like the impossibility of determinism. The story of the pilot wave’s omission gives us a window into the inherent power that theoretical choice and a congealing rhetoric of orthodoxy have on a scientific community’s consensus, pedagogical canons, and the future development of science itself.
Contesting Civil Religion: Religious Responses to American Patriotic Nationalism, 1919-1929
Authors: Lienesch Michael
Published: February 2018

Since the publication fifty years ago of Robert N. Bellah's classic article “Civil Religion in America,” the concept of civil religion has provoked continuing debates among scholars who study religion and American culture. This essay is a contribution to these debates and an attempt to move beyond them. It considers American civil religion as theory and as practice, examining its meaning through an investigation of how it functioned at an important and too little studied point in its past. Arguing that civil religion is both a cultural and a political construct, it shows how at the close of World War I, a loosely linked network of civic, military, and patriotic groups came together to create a sacralized form of patriotic nationalism and incorporate it into the American civil religious tradition. Contending that the relationships between civil religion and more conventional forms of organized religion are often close and at times contentious, it examines how religious bodies of the time were instrumental in supporting this process and intractable in resisting it. Proposing that civil religion can come in a variety of sometimes competing versions, it discusses the conflicts over civil religious practices that ensued within American churches during the next decade, relying on reports from the time to describe how these conflicts divided church leaders, denominations, and congregations. Finally, working from the premise that civil religious beliefs, symbols, and rituals are invariably involved in the political process, it examines how they became increasingly used for partisan purposes over the course of the decade, raising issues about the relationship between church and state. In closing, it comments on the enduring character of civil religion, and speculates on its continuing importance for American religion and politics.
Decidual cell regulation of trophoblast is altered in pregnancies at risk of pre-eclampsia
Authors: James-Allan L B , Whitley G S , Leslie K , Wallace A E , Cartwright J E
Published: February 2018

Successful implantation and placentation are dependent on the interaction between decidual stromal cells (DSC) and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells. The extent of trophoblast invasion relies on communication between the placenta and maternal decidua. The cyclical process of decidualisation induces a transformation of endometrial fibroblasts to secretory DSC; these secreted products have many functions including the control of trophoblast invasion. Inadequate trophoblast invasion and remodelling of the uterine vessels (the spiral arteries) are associated with pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia. Uterine artery Doppler resistance index (RI) in the first trimester of pregnancy can be used as a proxy measure of remodelling. DSC were isolated from pregnancies with normal (normal RI) or impaired (high RI) spiral artery remodelling. Following isolation, DSC were re-decidualised using cAMP and MPA and secretion of the decidualisation markers IGFBP-1 and prolactin assessed. We examined the impact of DSC-secreted factors on trophoblast cell function, using the EVT cell line SGHPL-4. We demonstrated that DSC exposed to decidual factors were able to re-decidualise in vitro and that the chemoattraction of trophoblasts by DSC is impaired in pregnancies with high RI. This study provides new insights into the role that DSC play in regulating EVT functions during the first trimester of pregnancy. This is the first study to demonstrate that DSC from pregnancies with impaired vascular remodelling in the first trimester secrete factors that inhibit the directional movement of trophoblast cells. This finding may be important in understanding aberrant trophoblast invasion in pregnancies where vascular remodelling is impaired.
Genome-Wide Association and Genomic Selection for Resistance to Amoebic Gill Disease in Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Robledo Diego , Matika Oswald , Hamilton Alastair , Houston Ross D
Published: February 2018

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is one of the largest threats to salmon aquaculture, causing serious economic and animal welfare burden. Treatments can be expensive and environmentally damaging, hence the need for alternative strategies. Breeding for disease resistance can contribute to prevention and control of AGD, providing long-term cumulative benefits in selected stocks. The use of genomic selection can expedite selection for disease resistance due to improved accuracy compared to pedigree-based approaches. The aim of this work was to quantify and characterize genetic variation in AGD resistance in salmon, the genetic architecture of the trait, and the potential of genomic selection to contribute to disease control. An AGD challenge was performed in ∼1,500 Atlantic salmon, using gill damage and amoebic load as indicator traits for host resistance. Both traits are heritable (h2 ∼0.25-0.30) and show high positive correlation, indicating they may be good measurements of host resistance to AGD. While the genetic architecture of resistance appeared to be largely polygenic in nature, two regions on chromosome 18 showed suggestive association with both AGD resistance traits. Using a cross-validation approach, genomic prediction accuracy was up to 18% higher than that obtained using pedigree, and a reduction in marker density to ∼2,000 SNPs was sufficient to obtain accuracies similar to those obtained using the whole dataset. This study indicates that resistance to AGD is a suitable trait for genomic selection, and the addition of this trait to Atlantic salmon breeding programs can lead to more resistant stocks.
Hastane Gemilerinin Birinci Dünya Savaşı'nda Savaşan Taraflar Arasında Soruna Dönüşmesi
Authors: UYANIKER Ahmet
Published: February 2018

Savaş esnasında
orduların ikmal ve lojistik bakımdan desteklenmelerinin yanında önemli bir konu
da yaralı ve hasta askerlerin güvenli bölgelere nakledilmesidir.  Gelişen silah teknolojisine bağlı olarak
savaşlarda yaralıların çok oluşu ve bu yaralanmaların niteliği muhariplerin
yaralılarını hastaneye nakletmekte Sedye Taşıyıcılar ve Seyyar Hastaneler gibi
yeni yöntemler oluşturmalarına neden olmuştur. Yaralı naklinde hayata geçirilen
seyyar hastanelerden birisi de bir geminin hastane şeklinde tasarlanmasıyla
oluşturulan hastane gemileridir. Hastane gemilerin
temel görevi savaş, doğal afet vb. durumlarda sağlık hizmeti vermek, özellikle
savaş bölgelerine yakın sularda hasta ve yaralı taşımak ve bunları tedavi
etmektir. Hastane gemilerin savaş esnasında harekât tarzları, yaralı ve hasta
taşımada dikkat edecekleri esaslar, renkleri, üzerlerinde taşıyacakları
işaretlerle birlikte güvenli bir şekilde seyahat etmeleri Lahey (1907)
sözleşmesi ile düzenlenmiştir. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda fazlaca kullanılan bu
gemiler harekât tarzları ve kullanım şekilleri bakımından diplomatik sorunlara
neden olmuşlardır.  Savaşın başlarında Alman hastane gemisi
Ophelia, İngiliz Kraliyet Donanması tarafından, "casus gemi" olma
iddiasıyla ele geçirilmiştir. Ophelia, Almanya ile İngiltere arasında büyük bir
krize neden olmuştur. Alman Hükümeti savaş esnasında İngiliz hastane
gemilerinin Lahey sözleşmesini ihlal ettiğini söyleyerek kuzey denizinin güney
bölümünde belli bir deniz sahasını ve İngiliz kanalını hastane gemilerine
kapattığını, böylece bu bölgede görülen gemilere savaş gemisi muamelesi
yapılacağını ve saldırılacağını beyan etmiştir. Gemi sorunu zamanla iki
devletin müttefiklerine de yansıyacak uluslararası bir soruna dönüşmüştür. Öte yandan,
Osmanlı Devleti Jeopolitik konumu ve toprakları üzerindeki cephelere bağlı
olarak savaş esnasında hastane gemilerin kullanımıyla ilgili en fazla
muhataplardan biri olmuştur. Devletin denizlere olan konumu kendi gemilerinin
kullanımın yanında müttefik ve rakip devletlerin hastane gemi kullanımına
yönelik talepleri Osmanlıyı yoğun bir gemi diplomasisi ile uğraşmak zorunda
bırakmıştır. Bu çalışmada
Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi hariciye belgeleri ışığında hastane gemilerin
Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda devletlerarasında oynadığı askeri ve diplomatik sorunlar
üzerinde durulacaktır.
Gaziantep Barak Türkmenleri Halk Hekimliği Uygulamaları Örnekleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: AVCI Cevdet
Published: February 2018

İnsan doğayla olan mücadelesinde daima bilgi
üreterek ayakta kalmıştır. Tecrübeye dayalı olarak ortaya çıkan bu bilgi
birikimi, yazı gibi kayıt sistemlerinin olmadığı dönemlerde geleneksel bilgi
aktarım sistemleriyle sonraki kuşaklara taşınabilmiştir. Bu geleneksel bilgi
sistemlerinden birisi halk hekimliği uygulama ve inanmalarıdır. Halk hekimliği
uygulama ve inanmaları tarihsel derinliği en eski olan halk kültürü
unsurlarındandır. İnsan hastalıklar karşısında sağlıklı kalabilmek veya daha
uzun yaşayabilmek için ilk zamanlardan beri halk hekimliği uygulamalarını
üretmiş ve üretilen bu geleneksel bilgiler günümüze kadar taşınmıştır. Halk
hekimliği uygulamaları, bir yanıyla bitkilerden elde edilen çeşitli
karışımlarla elde edilen halk ilaçlarına dayanırken bir yanıyla da doğaüstü
güçlerin kullanılmasına dayanır. İhtiyaçlardan kaynaklı olarak üretilen tüm
geleneksel bilgi sistemleri gibi, halk hekimliği uygulamaları da bugünün
insanının kısmen de olsa gereksinimlerine cevap verdiği için varlığını
korumaktadır. Söz konusu bu inanma ve uygulamalar, bugün yeni iletişim
teknolojilerinin yaygınlaşmasıyla daha görünür ve bilinir hale gelmiştir. Bu
geleneksel tedavi yöntemleri bugün modern tıp merkezlerinin de gündemindedir.
Bu makalede Gaziantep Barak Türkmenlerinden derlenen halk hekimliği
uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Tarihsel süreçte konar-göçer bir Türkmen topluluğu
olan Baraklar, bugün bir bölümü Suriye sınırında kalan bölgeye Osmanlı Devleti
tarafından iskân edilmiştir. Barak Türkmenleri, yaşadıkları zorlu tarihsel süreç
ve yerleştirildikleri kırsal bölgeden dolayı sözel hafızalarını iyi muhafaza
etmiştir. Türk kültür coğrafyasında genel olarak var olan halk hekimliği
uygulama ve inanmalarının önemli bir bölümü Barak Türkmenleri arasında da
tespit edilmiştir.
Women’s quality of life dynamics in postpartum period
Authors: Korgozha Maria A.
Published: February 2018

The article presents the results of the study of characteristics and dynamics of the women’s quality of life in the third trimester of pregnancy and six weeks after delivery. The study involved 240 women, patients of the Perinatal Center of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, during the third trimester of pregnancy and six weeks after the delivery. Research subjects were divided into three study groups, depending on the presence and severity of negative emotional manifestations in women in the third trimester of pregnancy. It was revealed that the indicators of physical, mental and social functioning in women, who underwent negative emotional manifestations of different severity in the third trimester of pregnancy, are below the average population data. It is shown that the intensity of negative emotional manifestations in women in the third trimester of pregnancy does not affect the subjective assessment of the overall health and life status. The appearance of negative emotional manifestations of different severity in women in the third trimester of pregnancy significantly reduces the subjective assessment of pregnant women’s own physical functioning in the context of daily and professional activities. It was revealed that for women underwent mild negative emotional manifestations in the third trimester of pregnancy, the situation of labor is the most stressful and has a significant impact on the quality of life in the late postpartum period. This category of women is at risk and needs more thorough medical support and professional psychological assistance.
Professor Max Wilms: 150th anniversary of birth - in memoriam
Authors: Morgoshiia Temuri Sh. , Siroejin Nikolai A.
Published: February 2018

The research activity of M. Wilms is characterized by diversity of its objects and breadth of breadth of its scope. A surgeon-oncologist, he is known to have devoted a number of his studies, to purely theoretical issues of Oncology. On the other hand, M. Wilms contributed to the development of clinical surgery and Oncology, offering a number of new methods of diagnostics and treatment of major forms of malignant tumors of the genital organs and kidney, making a significant contribution to the practice of world medicine. Classical studies of teratogenic tumors of the ovaries and testicles, mixed tumors, tumors of kidney belong to M. Wilms. The tumor described by M. Wilms in 1899 which is named after him is one of the most frequent malignancies in children usually occurring at the age of 2-5 years but which can also occur at any age, even in very old patients. In the same year his famous monograph “Mixed tissue tumor of the kidney” was published. In 1904 M. Wilms was awarded the title of Professor, and two years later he published his fundamental work “Intestinal obstruction – pathology and clinic” (1906), which brought M. Wilms fame and recognition among surgeons, oncologists and pathologists all over the world. M. Wilms also made contribution into pediatric surgery. In 1906 he proposed to classify the intussusception types, depending on the name of the colon which forms the intussusception head (the iliac colon, caecum, etc.). Analyzing the etiology of Hirschsprung's disease Max Wilms is known to have adhered to the theory of prolonged spasm of the anal canal and, consequently, to inception of secondary megacolon (1904). His assumptions he confirmed by performing manometric studies at the level of the anal canal of the rectum, and in the treatment he applied the method of anal bougienage. A talented scientist and teacher, demanding and fastidious towards himself and his disciples, Max Wilms published more than 130 research papers, of most of which he was the sole author.
Possibilities of osteopathic correction of functional disorders in children
Authors: Kuzmina Julia O. , Potekhina Julia P. , Tregubova Elena S. , Mokhova Ekaterina S.
Published: February 2018

Osteopathy is a branch of clinical medicine based on a holistic approach which uses manual methods on the stages of prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation and is aimed at restoring the body's natural ability to self-correction. The article presents an overview of randomized controlled trials of the results of osteopathic treatment of children of different age groups presenting functional alterations. All the trials were held in the Russian Federation over the recent years. On the grounds of the presented data it is possible to draw a conclusion about the proven clinical effectiveness of osteopathic treatment in hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system, in particular, in hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome, in the mild form of bulbar dysarthria as a consequence of a birth injury of the craniovertebral junction, dysplasia and subluxation of the hip joint, low degree myopia with the accommodation spasm, neurogenic dysfunctions of the urinary bladder complicated by the chronic bullous cystitis and vesicoureteral reflux. The sooner osteopathic treatment starts, the better is the result. Osteopathic treatment is safe. It allows to reduce the medicinal load and the risk of polypragmasy in children. It goes well with other methods of treatment, which is especially important for children of the first year of life. Osteopathy can enrich the clinical medicine toolkit and occupy a rightful place in the system of healthcare delivery to children.
Influence of the phenotype of the disease on the parameters of the antioxidant defense system and the level of some interleukins in the blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Pavlyuchenko Ivan I. , Kokov Evgenii A. , Kokova Lyudmila N. , Okhremenko Olga S.
Published: February 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease involving the pathological process, of bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems. This is a complex disease in which inflammation plays a leading role in the formation of the whole complex of pathological changes. COPD accompanies local deficit of antiproteases, excessive formation of active forms of oxygen, inducing uncontrolled lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. An increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, is particularly significant in the combination of chronic obstructive disease with metabolic syndrome. Determination of a specific phenotype of COPD, and the degree of disruption of protective and adaptive systems in these forms of the disease course allows optimizing the treatment regimens for patients. The purpose of this work was to identify additional biochemical and biophysical markers of phenotyping and monitoring of therapy in patients with COPD of different phenotype and severity level in the acute stage on the basis of studying the main indicators of the system of antioxidant protection of blood and some cytokines. Significant differences in antioxidant system (AOS) indices in patients with COPD of different phenotype and severity were determined. The established differences in the activity of erythrocyte enzymes and the overall antioxidant activity of blood plasma can serve as an important additional link for the phenotyping of COPD. Complex treatment with the use of anticoagulants, normalizing the rheological properties of blood and mucolytics with pronounced antioxidant properties, reduces the level of prooxidant load on the body due to correction of metabolic processes and has the most pronounced effect on AOS blood parameters and cytokine profile.
Influence of CRP on cognitive function of patients with combined and isolated forms of atherosclerosis of cerebral and coronary vascular pools
Authors: Bilyutin-Aslanyan Robert S. , Vasiliev Andrei G.
Published: February 2018

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a major health problem in the modern world in connection with the trend of increasing life expectancy and noticeable increase in the number of elderly people with CI and dementia. Therefore research aimed at finding and studying potential biomarkers predicting higher risk of developing CI and vascular dementia is a high priority. The study includes 207 patients (106 men and 101 women at the age of approximately 60 years. The main group includes 162 patients and there are 45 healthy individuals in the control group without clinical signs of atherosclerotic lesions, but with risk factors of their development. Patients with CPR level exceeding 10 mg/L were not included in the study. Patients with isolated and multifocal atherosclerosis of the coronary and cerebral pools have been compared by indicator of subclinical inflammation – CRP and assessment of neuropsychological test MMSE. The obtained results testified to the presence of inflammatory component in the pathogenesis of CI: the concentrations of CRP were significantly higher in patients with a low MMSE score (multifocal) than patients with higher scores of neuropsychological testing (isolated). Thus inflammation, potentially contributing to the atherosclerotic process is the basis of the relationship between high levels of CRP and cognitive impairment. At the early stages of the disease, with isolated forms of atherosclerotic vascular lesions of the heart and the head rise of CRP level can be considered the indicator of CI. With severing of the disease and the involvement of coronary and cerebral pools an increase the concentration of CRP follows. After that we have revealed a negative correlation of CRP with a marking score of cognitive function on a MMSE scale in these pathologies, i.e., the level of CRP can serve as a biochemical predictor of cognitive impairment. The obtained results indicate a significant role of CRP, its identification and monitoring can be the basis for the prevention and early diagnostics, it will also reduce the risk of severe CI, thereby maintaining higher quality of life of patients.
MR-patterns of brain’s hypoxic-ischemic lesions in term newborns
Authors: Melashenko Tat'yana V. , Pozdnyakov Aleksandr V. , Lvov Viktor S. , Ivanov Dmitry O.
Published: February 2018

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a major cause of neonatal mortality and development of severe neurological disorders that determine the quality of life of these children. In developed countries, the frequency of detection of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) among full-term newborns is 1-6 per 1.000 live births. In our country, hypoxic-ischemic brain damage is observed in 15-30% of full-term newborns. The term HIE is a clinical diagnosis combining neurological disorders and biochemical changes caused by perinatal HI (hypoxiа-ischemia). The pattern of acute brain damage depends on the degree of cerebral maturity, the severity and duration of hypoxiа-ischemia. The most vulnerable regions are the structures of the brain with high level of metabolism. Such structures in term infants include cortical neurons and neurons of basal nuclei, a subcortical white matter. MRI allows to diagnose brain lesions in term infants in the acute period of HIE. Safety, non-invasiveness and large diagnostic capabilities of MRI allow this method to be considered the gold standard of neuroimaging in neonatology. In this review we described the main MRI patterns of brain injury in term neonates following HIE.
ANXIOUS-DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH TENSION HEADACHE
Authors: Tyan K V , Kalinsky P P , Rakitova A V
Published: February 2018

Aim. To study the correlation between the blood serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level and the manifestation of anxious-depressive symptomatology in patients with tension headache. Materials and methods. The study involved 82 patients with tension headache. The method of immune-enzyme assay with test-system ELISA kit was used to measure the blood serum BDNF concentration. Results. The BDNF level in patients with episodic infrequent and frequent tension headaches was comparable with the group of control. Among patients with chronic tension headache, decrease in BDNF level as compared to group 1, group 2 and the control was revealed. The BDNF level is changed, depending on the duration and intensiveness of tension headache. Conclusions. Chronic tension headache causes exhaustion of not only mediator, but of neurotrophic systems of the brain as well. Blood serum BDNF concentration measured permits to assess activity of cerebral neuroplastic processes and to choose neurotrophic therapy for a more rapid triggering of serotoninergic system and arresting of anxious-depressive syndrome.
Factors influencing the acceptance and awareness of permanent method of family planning
Authors: Shettian Nishita , Ajila Disha
Published: February 2018

Background: Among developing countries, India holds the second place in being the most populated country accounting to 1.3 billion. This addresses the need for effective population control by implementing various family planning and contraceptive services thereby improving the quality of life. Our study aims at assessing the factors influencing the awareness and acceptance of permanent method of family planning.Methods: This is a questionnaire based cross sectional study carried out in A.J. institute of Medical Sciences on 300 postpartum women who have undergone two or more child births.Results: 77.3% of women were aware of family planning services out of which 64.3% had knowledge about permanent method of sterilization. 73% preferred to undergo tubectomy whereas only 13.7% were willing for vasectomy with the main reason for refusal being fear of surgery (25.9%). 32.6% of women wanted their husbands to undergo vasectomy rather than having a tubectomy themselves. Desire for more children (39%) was the main reason given by most women who refused to undergo tubectomy.Conclusions: Though women were aware of contraceptive practices, proper knowledge about permanent methods of family planning was still inadequate especially regarding vasectomy. Our study showed that lack of awareness and knowledge, fear of adverse effects, fear of sexual dysfunction, culture and religious beliefs, opposition from the male partner and health concerns were the factors influencing tubectomy acceptance over vasectomy as a permanent method of sterilization.
Role and efficacy of vaginal dinoprostone gel (PGE2) plus vaginal misoprostol (PGE1) in second trimester termination of pregnancy
Authors: Kumar Abhijeet , Agarwal Raju
Published: February 2018

Background: The addition of dinoprostone gel (PGE2) to standard regimen of second trimester abortion using vaginal misoprostol (PGE1) reduces failure rate and decrease induction abortion time interval. We evaluated the role and efficacy of vaginal dinoprostone gel with vaginal misoprostol in women undergoing second trimester abortion. Objective of present study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of vaginal dinoprostone gel plus vaginal misoprostol for second trimester termination of pregnancy.Methods: This study was a prospective cohort involving 100 women with 12-20 weeks gestation requesting termination of pregnancy. In study group 0.5mg dinoprostone gel applied vaginally followed by 400µg misoprostol every four hourly (max 3 doses) after six hours of dinoprostone gel application. The mean age of the women study was 27.2 years and mean gestational age was 18.9 weeks. The primary effectiveness of the study was the efficacy of the treatment to terminate pregnancy at 20 hrs. Secondary outcomes were induction abortion interval, failure rate, side effects. statistical analysis of study was carried out using chi square test.Results: At 20 hours, the complete abortion rate was 100%. Within 16 hours 98% women aborted without any significant side effects. Mean induction abortion interval was 14.56 hours.Conclusions: Combination of vaginal dinoprostone gel (PGE2) plus misoprostol (PGE1) is effective, safe and alternate method for second trimester pregnancy termination with. In this protocol induction to abortion interval time is less as compared to other methods of second trimester pregnancy termination.