bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDock‐ML: A web server for using ensemble docking with machine learning to aid drug discovery
Authors: Chandak Tanay , Wong Chung F.
Published: March 2021

EDock‐ML is a web server that facilitates the use of ensemble docking with machine learning to help decide whether a compound is worthwhile to be considered further in a drug discovery process. Ensemble docking provides an economical way to account for receptor flexibility in molecular docking. Machine learning improves the use of the resulting docking scores to evaluate whether a compound is likely to be useful. EDock‐ML takes a bottom‐up approach in which machine‐learning models are developed one protein at a time to improve predictions for the proteins included in its database. Because the machine‐learning models are intended to be used without changing the docking and model parameters with which the models were trained, novice users can use it directly without worrying about what parameters to choose. A user simply submits a compound specified by an ID from the ZINC database (Sterling, T.; Irwin, J. J., J Chem Inf Model 2015, 55[11], 2,324–2,337.) or upload a file prepared by a chemical drawing program and receives an output helping the user decide the likelihood of the compound to be active or inactive for a drug target. EDock‐ML can be accessed freely at edock‐ml.umsl.edu
Porous Noble Metal Electrocatalysts: Synthesis, Performance, and Development
Authors: Su Zhipeng , Chen Tiehong
Published: March 2021

Active sites (intrinsic activity, quantity, and distribution), electron transfer, and mass diffusion are three important factors affecting the performance of electrocatalysts. Composed of highly active components which are built into various network structures, porous noble metal is an inherently promising electrocatalysts. In recent years, great efforts have been made to explore new efficient synthesis methods and establish structural–performance relationships in the field of porous noble metal electrocatalysis. In this review, the very recent progress in strategies for preparing porous noble metal, including innovation and deeper understanding of traditional methods is summarized. A discussion of relationship between porous noble metal structure and electrocatalytic performance, such as accessibility of active sites, connectivity of skeleton structures, channels dimensions, and hierarchical structures, is provided.
Metallic Transition Metal Dichalcogenides of Group VIB: Preparation, Stabilization, and Energy Applications
Authors: Li Yihui , Wang Menglei , Yi Yuyang , Lu Chen , Dou Shixue , Sun Jingyu
Published: March 2021

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) of group VIB have been widely used in the realms of energy storage and conversions. Along with the existence of semiconducting states, their metallic phases have recently attracted numerous attentions owing to their fascinating physical and chemical properties. Many efforts have been devoted to obtain metallic TMDs with high purity and yield. Nevertheless, such metallic phase is thermodynamically metastable and tends to convert into semiconducting phase, which necessitates the exploration over effective strategies to ensure the stability. In this review, typical fabrication routes are introduced and those critical factors during preparation are elaborately discussed. Moreover, the stabilized strategies are summarized with concrete examples highlighting the key mechanisms toward efficient stabilization. Finally, emerging energy applications are overviewed. This review presents comprehensive research status of metallic group VIB TMDs, aiming to facilitate further scientific investigations and promote future practical applications in the fields of energy storage and conversion.
Incorporation of Al3+ Sites on Brønsted Acid Metal–Organic Frameworks for Glucose‐to‐Hydroxylmethylfurfural Transformation
Authors: Tangsermvit Vitsarut , Pila Taweesak , Boekfa Bundet , Somjit Vetiga , Klysubun Wantana , Limtrakul Jumras , Horike Satoshi , Kongpatpanich Kanokwan
Published: March 2021

5‐hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF) is a bio‐based chemical that can be prepared from natural abundant glucose by using combined Brønsted–Lewis acid catalysts. In this work, Al3+ catalytic site has been grafted on Brønsted metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to enhance Brønsted–Lewis acidity of MOF catalysts for a one‐pot glucose‐to‐HMF transformation. The uniform porous structure of zirconium‐based MOFs allows the optimization of both acid strength and density of acid sites in MOF‐based catalysts by incorporating the desired amount of Al3+ catalytic sites at the organic linker. Al3+ sites generated via a post‐synthetic modification act as Lewis acid sites located adjacent to the Brønsted sulfonated sites of MOF structure. The local structure of the Al3+ sites incorporated in MOFs has been elucidated by X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The cooperative effect from Brønsted and Lewis acids located in close proximity and the high acid density is demonstrated as an important factor to achieve high yield of HMF.
Controllable Epitaxial Growth of Large‐Area MoS2/WS2 Vertical Heterostructures by Confined‐Space Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Zhang Xiumei , Huangfu Luyao , Gu Zhengjian , Xiao Shaoqing , Zhou Jiadong , Nan Haiyan , Gu Xiaofeng , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: March 2021

The controllable large‐area growth of single‐crystal vertical heterostructures based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) remains a challenge. Here, large‐area vertical MoS2/WS2 heterostructures are synthesized using single‐step confined‐space chemical vapor epitaxy. The heterostructures can evolve into two different kinds by switching the H2 flow on and off: MoS2/WS2 heterostructures with multiple WS2 domains can be achieved without introducing the H2 flow due to the numerous nucleation centers on the bottom MoS2 monolayer during the transition stage between the MoS2 and WS2 monolayer growth. In contrast, isolated MoS2/WS2 heterostructures with single WS2 domain can be obtained with introducing the H2 flow due to the reduced nucleation centers on the bottom MoS2 monolayer arising from the hydrogen etching effect. Both the two kinds of the vertical MoS2/WS2 heterostructures feature high quality. The photodetectors based on the isolated MoS2/WS2 heterostructures exhibit a high responsivity of 68 mA W−1 and a short response time of 35 ms. This single‐step chemical vapor epitaxy can be used to synthesize vertical MoS2/WS2 heterostructures with high production efficiency. The new epitaxial growth approach may open new pathways to fabricate large‐area heterostructures made of different 2D TMDs monolayers of interest to electronics, optoelectronics, and other applications.
Charge Modulation Layer and Wide‐Color Tunability in a QD‐LED with Multiemission Layers
Authors: Park Sung‐Jae , Song Suk‐Ho , Kim Sang Soo , Song Jang‐Kun
Published: March 2021

Widely tunable color emission from a single pixel is a promising but challenging technology for quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs). Even a QD‐LED pixel with stacked multi‐QD layers having different colors is likely to emit a monotonic color because the exciton recombination mostly occurs in 1 or 1.5 QD layers with better charge balance. In this study, an all‐solution‐processed QD‐LED with electrically tunable color emission over a wide color range by introducing a charge modulation layer (CML) is developed. Specifically, the CML acted as a high and narrow energy barrier for electrons between two QD layers, and the electron drift is sensitively controlled via the field‐dependent tunneling effect. Therefore, the charge distribution and balance in the two QD layers re‐electrically tunable, which enhanced the color tunability. The color tuning range and quantum efficiency are effectively controlled depending on the CML material and thickness. In addition, the color change caused by the solvent effect in a QD‐LED with dual QD layers is thoroughly investigated. The proposed method may advance the understanding of QD emission behavior with the use of CML and provide a practical approach for the actual application of color‐tunable pixel technology.
An efficient machine learning model for malicious activities recognition in water‐based industrial internet of things
Authors: Selim Gamal E. I. , Hemdan Ezz El‐Din , M. Shehata Ahmed , A. El‐Fishawy Nawal
Published: March 2021

The Industrial Control System (ICS) has an important role to reduce the interaction between humans and the industrial system. Cyber‐Physical Systems (CPSs) operate in critical infrastructures such as transport networks, gas, and water distribution networks, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems (UASs), and nuclear power generation. In this paper, we provide a Machine Learning Model for Malicious Activities Recognition in Water‐based Industrial Internet of Things (MARWIIoT). This model can help industrial operators and administrators to recognize any malicious activities against industrial infrastructure. To classify the malicious activity, various machine learning methods, such as Logistic Regression (LR), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), k‐nearest neighbors (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) can be used. The proposed MARWIIoT model is based on Genetic‐KNN with normalization to classify malicious activities efficiently. This model has been evaluated using a dataset covering 15 anomaly circumstances, including normal system behavior. The circumstances existing addressed various incidents from hardware failure to critical water infrastructure damage. The comprehensive results have indicated that the MARWIIoT model is superlative in compared existing machine learning models because it has the highest performance based on different evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐Score.
Combination therapy with Treg and mesenchymal stromal cells enhances potency and attenuation of inflammation after traumatic brain injury compared to monotherapy
Authors: Caplan Henry W. , Prabhakara Karthik S. , Toledano Furman Naama E. , Zorofchian Soheil , Kumar Akshita , Martin Cecilia , Xue Hasen , Olson Scott D. , Cox Charles S.
Published: March 2021

The inflammatory response after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant secondary brain injury and chronic inflammation within the central nervous system. Cell therapies, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), have led to improvements in animal models of TBI and are under investigation in human trials. One potential mechanism for the therapeutic potential of MSC is their ability to augment the endogenous response of immune suppressive regulatory T cells (Treg). We have recently shown that infusion of human cord blood Treg decreased chronic microgliosis after TBI and altered the systemic immune response in a rodent model. These cells likely use both overlapping and distinct mechanisms to modulate the immune system; therefore, combining Treg and MSC as a combination therapy may confer therapeutic benefit over either monotherapy. However, investigation of Treg + MSC combination therapy in TBI is lacking. In this study, we compared the ability MSC + Treg combination therapy, as well as MSC and Treg monotherapies, to inhibit the neuroinflammatory response to TBI in vivo and in vitro. Treg + MSC combination therapy demonstrated increased potency to reduce the neuro- and peripheral inflammatory response compared to monotherapy; furthermore, the timing of infusion proved to be a significant variable in the efficacy of both MSC monotherapy and Treg + MSC combination therapy in vivo and in vitro.
HC-HA/PTX3 from amniotic membrane reverts senescent limbal niche cells to Pax6+ neural crest progenitors to support limbal epithelial progenitors
Authors: Chen Szu-Yu , Zhu Yingting , Zhang Yuan , Hsu David , Tseng Scheffer C.G.
Published: March 2021

Quiescence and self-renewal of human corneal epithelial progenitor/stem cells (LEPC) are regulated by the limbal niche, presumably through close interaction with limbal (stromal) niche cells (LNC). Paired box homeotic gene 6 (Pax6), a conserved transcription factor essential for eye development, is essential for proper differentiation of limbal and corneal epithelial stem cells. Pax6 haploinsufficiency causes limbal stem cell deficiency, which leads to subsequent corneal blindness. We previously reported that serial passage of nuclear Pax6+ LNC resulted in the gradual loss of nuclear Pax6+ and neural crest progenitor status, the latter of which was reverted upon recovery of Pax6. These findings suggest Pax6 plays a pivotal role in supporting the self-renewal of LEPC in limbal niche. Herein, we show that HC-HA/PTX3, a unique matrix purified from amniotic membrane (AM) and consists of heavy chain 1of inter-α-trypsin inhibitor covalently linked to hyaluronic acid and complexed with pentraxin 3, is capable of reverting senescent LNC to nuclear Pax6+ neural crest progenitors that support self-renewal of LEPC. Such reversion is causally linked to early cell aggregation mediated by activation of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)-mediated signaling followed by activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Furthermore, CXCR4-mediated signaling, but not BMP signaling, controls recovery of the nuclear Pax6+ neural crest progenitors. These findings not only explain why AM helps in vivo and ex vivo expansion of human LEPC, but they also illuminate the potential role of HC-HA/PTX3 as a surrogate matrix niche that complements stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine.
Current advances and future perspectives of additive manufacturing for functional polymeric materials and devices
Authors: Zhang Chuhong , Li Yijun , Kang Wenbin , Liu Xingang , Wang Qi
Published: March 2021

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing has received extensive attention due to its unique multidimensional functionality and customizability and has been recognized as one of the most revolutionary manufacturing technologies. Functional 3D printed products represent an important orientation for next‐generation manufacturing and attract a great spotlight for the application in sensors, actuators, robots, electronics, and medical devices. However, the lack of functions of printing polymeric materials dramatically limits the development of functional 3D printing. Different from traditional processing, the physical properties, such as geometry and rheological behavior, of the polymeric materials must match the printing process, making the selection of printable materials limited. More importantly, challenges in large‐scale production of such materials further stifle the development of functional 3D printing industry. In this review, we aim to outline recent advances in polymeric materials and methodologies for the functional 3D printing technology. The reports are classified based on functionalities, including electronic conductive, thermally conductive, electromagnetic interference shielding, energy storage, and energy harvesting materials. This study attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities for 3D printing functional polymeric materials/devices, also seeks to enlighten the orientation of future research in this field.
Electro‐Oxidative Coupling Reactions Leading to π‐Conjugated Compounds
Authors: Mitsudo Koichi
Published: March 2021

Electrochemical reactions are rapidly gaining attention today as a powerful and environmentally benign reaction processes for organic synthesis. We found that the electro‐oxidation of palladium acetate afforded cationic palladium species and thus‐generated cationic Pd species were efficient mediators for electro‐oxidative coupling reactions. Homo‐coupling of arylboronic acids and terminal alkynes proceeded efficiently to afford biaryls and butadiyne, respectively. Cross‐coupling reactions between terminal alkynes and arylboronic acids were also achieved with the use of a Ag anode. As an advantage of electrochemical reactions, we developed a sequential reaction system switched between oxidative and neutral conditions by the on/off application of electricity, and several π‐extended butadiynes were obtained in one‐sequence by the system. Electrochemical intramolecular C−S coupling for the synthesis of thienoacene was also developed. The use of Bu4NBr as a halogen mediator was essential for the reaction.
Narrative inquiry: A proposed methodology for Wasta research
Authors: Al‐Twal Arwa
Published: March 2021

Wasta is a controversial subject that has received increasing research interest in recent years, including exploratory studies seeking to define its nature and scope and to understand why people use it. This article explores the potential applicability of using narrative inquiry in wasta research. It is premised on that intuitive assumption that analyzing individuals' experiences and perceptions of phenomena enable an “insider view” and a deeper understanding of the subject under investigation. This is particularly apt for emerging areas of research, such as wasta, which has not been deeply studied in terms of how it manifests and how it is perceived among people and organizations. It is suggested that narrative inquiry offers a new way to develop knowledge about wasta, which contributes to simplifying the academic understanding of the phenomenon. It is useful in uncovering characteristics of wasta that would have otherwise remained hidden when using other methodological approaches.
Effect of resveratrol on the inflammatory status and oxidative stress in thymus gland and spleen of sulfoxaflor‐treated rats
Authors: Fathy Samah M. , Abdelkader Ibrahim Y.
Published: March 2021

Resveratrol (Res), a polyphenolic compound that exerts mitigating consequences against various insults due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Sulfoxaflor (SFX), a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been used worldwide and leading to deleterious effects on the environment and public health. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Res on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress induced by SFX in the thymus and spleen of rats. Thirty‐six Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into six groups; control group, SFX treated groups (24.8 mg/kg or 79.4 mg/kg/day), Res (alone) treated group (20 mg/kg/day), Res + SFX treated groups (20 mg /kg Res + 24.8 mg/kg SFX or 20 mg/kg Res + 79.4 mg/kg SFX) orally for 28 days. Res treatment reversed the significantly elevated white blood cells' count and the reduced count of red blood corpuscles, platelets as well as hemoglobin content of SFX treated rats. Biochemically, Res administration inhibited the remarkably increased serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines as well as thymic and splenic levels of malondialdehyde following SFX treatment. Res treatment ameliorated the conspicuously reduced antioxidant enzymes' activities due to SFX supplementation. The immunomodulatory effect of Res treatment was detected by suppressing the upregulation of the cluster of differentiation (CD)11b and CD3 gene expressions. Histopathological alterations attributed to SFX administration were ameliorated by Res treatment. In conclusion, Res can be used as a protective agent to counteract SFX toxic effects on lymphatic organs through alleviation of the antioxidant defense mechanism and modulation of the inflammatory response.
Information Sharing and Community Resilience: Toward a Whole Community Approach to Surveillance and Combatting the “Infodemic”
Authors: Myers Nathan
Published: March 2021

Developing and strengthening systems for information sharing as well as detecting and addressing dis/misinformation can not only protect capacity for public health emergency preparedness and response, but potentially increase overall community resilience and social capital. More actively involving citizens in the government's collection and sharing of information can generate more public buy‐in so people will be more invested in making certain that such information is not arbitrarily dismissed or drowned out by conspiracy theories. Such an approach may have the added the benefit of creating stronger collaborative connections between government, individual citizens, and civic organizations to promote overall resilience. More community involvement in terms of the collection and dissemination of information can provide value in terms of preparation for a public health emergency by bolstering surveillance efforts to detect a threat early on. Getting the public more integrated into the public health information system can also be valuable in terms of diminishing the threat of mis/disinformation. Building up relationships between the public and the public health sector can advance the mission of improving community resilience through education, engagement, and collaboration. In this review, we will examine existing evidence for this approach and will then conclude with possible new approaches.
Abelian mirror symmetry of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = (2, 2) boundary conditions
Authors: Okazaki Tadashi
Published: March 2021

Abstract

We evaluate half-indices of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 2) half-BPS boundary conditions in 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Abelian gauge theories. We confirm that the Neumann boundary condition is dual to the generic Dirichlet boundary condition for its mirror theory as the half-indices perfectly match with each other. We find that a naive mirror symmetry between the exceptional Dirichlet boundary conditions defining the Verma modules of the quantum Coulomb and Higgs branch algebras does not always hold. The triangular matrix obtained from the elliptic stable envelope describes the precise mirror transformation of a collection of half-indices for the exceptional Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Functional a posteriori error estimates for boundary element methods
Authors: Kurz Stefan , Pauly Dirk , Praetorius Dirk , Repin Sergey , Sebastian Daniel
Published: March 2021

Functional error estimates are well-established tools for a posteriori error estimation and related adaptive mesh-refinement for the finite element method (FEM). The present work proposes a first functional error estimate for the boundary element method (BEM). One key feature is that the derived error estimates are independent of the BEM discretization and provide guaranteed lower and upper bounds for the unknown error. In particular, our analysis covers Galerkin BEM and the collocation method, what makes the approach of particular interest for scientific computations and engineering applications. Numerical experiments for the Laplace problem confirm the theoretical results.
Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children: agreement between Rome III and Rome IV diagnoses
Authors: Baaleman Desiree F. , Velasco-Benítez Carlos A. , Méndez-Guzmán Laura M. , Benninga Marc A. , Saps Miguel
Published: March 2021

To evaluate the agreement between the Rome III and Rome IV criteria in diagnosing pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), we conducted a prospective cohort study in a public school in Cali, Colombia. Children and adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age were given the Spanish version of the Questionnaire on Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Rome III version on day 0 and Rome IV version on day 2 (48 h later). The study protocol was completed by 135 children. Thirty-nine (28.9%) children were excluded because of not following the instructions of the questionnaire. The final analysis included data of 96 children (mean 15.2 years old, SD ± 1.7, 54% girls). Less children fulfilled the criteria for an FGID according to Rome IV compared to Rome III (40.6% vs 29.2%, p=0.063) resulting in a minimal agreement between the two criteria in diagnosing an FGID (kappa 0.34, agreement of 70%). The prevalence of functional constipation according to Rome IV was significantly lower compared to Rome III (13.5% vs 31.3%, p<0.001), whereas functional dyspepsia had a higher prevalence according to Rome IV than Rome III (11.5% vs 0%).

Conclusion: We found an overall minimal agreement in diagnosing FGIDs according to Rome III and Rome IV criteria. This may be partly explained by the differences in diagnostic criteria. However, limitations with the use of questionnaires to measure prevalence have to be taken into account.

What is Known:• The Rome IV criteria replaced the previous Rome III criteria providing updated criteria to diagnose functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).• Differences found between Rome IV and historic Rome III FGID prevalence may have been affected by changes in prevalence over time or differences in sample characteristics.

What is New:• We found a minimal agreement between Rome III and Rome IV FGID diagnosis, especially in the diagnoses of functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and functional dyspepsia.• The minimal agreement may be partly explained by changes in diagnostic criteria, but limitations with the use of questionnaires to measure prevalence have to be taken into account.
Cytotoxic effect of sodium hypochlorite (Lavanox 0.08%) and chlorhexidine gluconate (Irrisept 0.05%) on human osteoblasts
Authors: Böhle Sabrina , Röhner Eric , Zippelius Timo , Jacob Benjamin , Matziolis Georg , Rohe Sebastian
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Soft tissue, bone and joint infections are severe complications in orthopedic and traumatological surgery. Lavanox (0.08% NaOCl) and Irrisept (0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate, CHG) are industrially produced antiseptic solutions commonly used in infection treatment. Regarding this clinical indication, the microbicidal effect is often investigated, but toxicity to osteoblasts has rarely been examined. This is important to decide whether these solutions should be used in septic situations in which bone healing must take place. The hypothesis of the present study is that NaOCl and CHG are cytotoxic to osteoblasts even after a short exposure time.

Methods

Human osteoblasts were isolated from donors with osteoarthritis during total knee and hip arthroplasty. Cells were cultivated and treated with both antiseptic solutions for 2, 5 and 10 min in different dilutions. Toxicity was quantified by counting cells, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression, spectrophotometric quantification via XTT assay and FDA/PI fluorescence microscopy.

Results

Analyzing viable cells after treatment with both antiseptics showed a significant decrease in viable cells through LDH expression test, XTT assay, fluorescence microscopy and light microscopy, depending on concentration. The time dependence showed a trend to more cell death at longer exposure times, without significance.

Conclusion

Toxic effects on osteoblasts were shown after treatment with 0.08% NaOCl and 0.05% CHG after an exposure time of 2 min which also was concentration dependent. There was no difference in cytotoxicity between both antiseptics. In conclusion, these antiseptic solutions may be used with caution in situations requiring bone healing.

Trial registration number

Local ethics committee registration number: 5176–07/16
Estimating Structural Equation Models Using James–Stein Type Shrinkage Estimators
Authors: Burghgraeve Elissa , De Neve Jan , Rosseel Yves
Published: March 2021

We propose a two-step procedure to estimate structural equation models (SEMs). In a first step, the latent variable is replaced by its conditional expectation given the observed data. This conditional expectation is estimated using a James–Stein type shrinkage estimator. The second step consists of regressing the dependent variables on this shrinkage estimator. In addition to linear SEMs, we also derive shrinkage estimators to estimate polynomials. We empirically demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method via simulation and contrast the proposed estimator with ML and MIIV estimators under a limited number of simulation scenarios. We illustrate the method on a case study.
Loops and Building Blocks: a Knowledge co-Production Framework for Equitable Urban Health
Authors: Audia Camilla , Berkhout Frans , Owusu George , Quayyum Zahidul , Agyei-Mensah Samuel
Published: March 2021

This paper sets out a structured process for the co-production of knowledge between researchers and societal partners and illustrates its application in an urban health equity project in Accra, Ghana. The main insight of this approach is that research and knowledge co-production is always partial, both in the sense of being incomplete, as well as being circumscribed by the interests of participating researchers and societal partners. A second insight is that project-bound societal engagement takes place in a broader context of public and policy debate. The approach to co-production described here is formed of three recursive processes: co-designing, co-analysing, and co-creating knowledge. These ‘co-production loops’ are themselves iterative, each representing a stage of knowledge production. Each loop is operationalized through a series of research and engagement practices, which we call building blocks. Building blocks are activities and interaction-based methods aimed at bringing together a range of participants involved in joint knowledge production. In practice, recursive iterations within loops may be limited due of constraints on time, resources, or attention. We suggest that co-production loops and building blocks are deployed flexibly.
Kurze Zündschnur: Ärger – Wut – Aggression
Authors: Schröter Romy , Lambert Martin , Karow Anne , Lüdecke Daniel , Gallinat Jürgen , Briken Peer
Published: March 2021

Verschiedene psychische Erkrankungen, wie Persönlichkeitsstörungen, sind mit einem Risiko für gewalttätiges Verhalten assoziiert. Dieses Risiko wird jedoch nur selten durch gezielte psychotherapeutische Interventionen adressiert. Vielmehr werden im psychiatrischen Setting aggressive und impulsive Patienten oftmals isoliert und auf geschützten Stationen aufgenommen. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Stigmatisierung und das Schüren von Ängsten aggressives Verhalten auch begünstigen. Aufgrund von aggressivem Verhalten kommt es zudem häufig zu kurzfristigen disziplinarischen Entlassungen oder konflikthaften Eskalationen im Stationsalltag. Insgesamt besteht sowohl im stationären als auch im ambulanten Setting eine Versorgungslücke. Es mangelt an spezifischen psychotherapeutischen Angeboten, die Patienten Strategien zur Bewältigung von aggressivem Verhalten vermitteln können.

Ein Patientenkollektiv, an dem diese Versorgungslücke deutlich wird, sind Männer mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Speziell für diese Patienten wurde ein gruppenpsychotherapeutisches Konzept entwickelt, welches hier vorgestellt werden soll: Die Ärger-Wut-Aggressions(AeWA)-Gruppe. Das Konzept nimmt männliche Patienten mit Störung der Impulskontrolle in den Blick. Dabei wird auf emotionale und entwicklungspsychologische Kernbedürfnisse eingegangen und eine Vielzahl an kognitiven, behavioralen und emotionsfokussierten Techniken vermittelt. Diese sollen eine funktionale Emotionsregulation fördern und gleichzeitig das Auftreten von aggressiven Verhaltensweisen und das damit verbundene Risiko für Straffälligkeit verringern.
A TRiP Through the Roles of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channels in Type 2 Upper Airway Inflammation
Authors: Backaert Wout , Steelant Brecht , Hellings Peter W. , Talavera Karel , Van Gerven Laura
Published: March 2021

Purpose of Review

Despite their high prevalence, the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains unclear. Recently, transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels emerged as important players in type 2 upper airway inflammatory disorders. In this review, we aim to discuss known and yet to be explored roles of TRP channels in the pathophysiology of AR and CRS with nasal polyps.

Recent Findings

TRP channels participate in a plethora of cellular functions and are expressed on T cells, mast cells, respiratory epithelial cells, and sensory neurons of the upper airways. In chronic upper airway inflammation, TRP vanilloid 1 is mostly studied in relation to nasal hyperreactivity. Several other TRP channels such as TRP vanilloid 4, TRP ankyrin 1, TRP melastatin channels, and TRP canonical channels also have important functions, rendering them potential targets for therapy.

The role of TRP channels in type 2 inflammatory upper airway diseases is steadily being uncovered and increasingly recognized. Modulation of TRP channels may offer therapeutic perspectives.
What if Social Robots Look for Productive Engagement?
Authors: Nasir Jauwairia , Bruno Barbara , Chetouani Mohamed , Dillenbourg Pierre
Published: March 2021

In educational HRI, it is generally believed that a robots behavior has a direct effect on the engagement of a user with the robot, the task at hand and also their partner in case of a collaborative activity. Increasing this engagement is then held responsible for increased learning and productivity. The state of the art usually investigates the relationship between the behaviors of the robot and the engagement state of the user while assuming a linear relationship between engagement and the end goal: learning. However, is it correct to assume that to maximise learning, one needs to maximise engagement? Furthermore, conventional supervised models of engagement require human annotators to get labels. This is not only laborious but also introduces further subjectivity in an already subjective construct of engagement. Can we have machine-learning models for engagement detection where annotations do not rely on human annotators? Looking deeper at the behavioral patterns and the learning outcomes and a performance metric in a multi-modal data set collected in an educational human–human–robot setup with 68 students, we observe a hidden link that we term as Productive Engagement. We theorize a robot incorporating this knowledge will (1) distinguish teams based on engagement that is conducive of learning; and (2) adopt behaviors that eventually lead the users to increased learning by means of being productively engaged. Furthermore, this seminal link paves way for machine-learning models in educational HRI with automatic labelling based on the data.
Professionalism revisited during the pandemics of our time: COVID-19 and racism
Authors: Zaidi Zareen , Razack Saleem , Kumagai Arno K.
Published: March 2021

In this article the authors review the current-day definition of professionalism through the lens of the two ongoing pandemics: COVID-19 and racism. The pandemics have led to contemporary practice-related questions, such as: does professionalism entail that health care providers (HCP) be compelled to treat patients without PPE or if patients refuse to wear masks? And what role do HCP play in society when confronted with glaring health disparities and police brutality? The authors propose using care ethics as a theory to view professionalism, as it takes into account broadly encompassing relationships between HCP and society, history and context. Professionalism viewed through a care ethics lens would require professionalism definitions to be expanded to allow for interventions, i.e., not just refrain from doing harm but actively interfere or take action if wrong is being witnessed. Principles related to the primacy of patient welfare need to be re-addressed to prevent systematic self-sacrifice which results in harm to HCP and burnout. Mature care should be a characteristic of professionalism ensuring that HCP care for the sick but be practically wise, highlighting the importance of balancing too little and too much care for self and others. Professionalism needs to be viewed as a bi-directional relational exchange, with society demonstrating solidarity with those providing care. Additionally, given the scale of health disparities, simply stating that HCP need to work towards social justice oversimplifies the problem.
A dominated convergence theorem for Eisenstein series
Authors: Franke Johann
Published: March 2021

Based on the new approach to modular forms presented in [6] that uses rational functions, we prove a dominated convergence theorem for certain modular forms in the Eisenstein space. It states that certain rearrangements of the Fourier series will converge very fast near the cusp $$\tau = 0$$

τ
=
0

. As an application, we consider L-functions associated to products of Eisenstein series and present natural generalized Dirichlet series representations that converge in an expanded half plane.
Recoverable autonomous sonde for subglacial lake exploration: electronic control system design
Authors: Peng Shilin , Jiang Xiao , Tang Yongzhen , Li Chong , Li Xiaodong , Huang Shengmiao , Zhu Tianxin , Shi Jianguang , Sun Youhong , Talalay Pavel , Fan Xiaopeng , Zhang Nan , Li Bing , Gong Da , Yu Haibin
Published: March 2021

Subglacial lake exploration is of great interest to the science community. RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) provides an exploration tool to measure and sample subglacial lake environments while the subglacial lake remains isolated from the glacier surface and atmosphere. This paper presents an electronic control system design of 200 m prototype of RECAS. The proposed electronic control system consists of a surface system, a downhole control system, and a power transfer and communication system. The downhole control system is the core element of RECAS, and is responsible for sonde status monitoring, sonde motion control, subglacial water sampling and in situ analysis. A custom RS485 temperature sensor was developed to cater for the limited size and depth requirements of the system. We adopted a humidity-based measurement to monitor for a housing leak. This condition is because standard leak detection monitoring of water conductivity may be inapplicable to pure ice in Antarctica. A water sampler control board was designed to control the samplers and monitor the on/off state. A high-definition camera system with built-in storage and self-heating ability was designed to perform the video recording in the subglacial lake. The proposed electronic control system is proven effective after a series of tests.
Philosophy as Synchronic History
Authors: STOLJAR DANIEL
Published: March 2021

Bernard Williams argues that philosophy is in some deep way akin to history. This article is a novel exploration and defense of the Williams thesis (as I call it)—though in a way anathema to Williams himself. The key idea is to apply a central moral from what is sometimes called the analytic philosophy of history of the 1960s to the philosophy of philosophy of today, namely, the separation of explanation and laws. I suggest that an account of causal explanation offered by David Lewis may be modified to bring out the way in which this moral applies to philosophy, and so to defend the Williams thesis. I discuss in detail the consequences of the thesis for the issue of philosophical progress and note also several further implications: for the larger context of contemporary metaphilosophy, for the relation of philosophy to other subjects, and for explaining, or explaining away, the belief that success in philosophy requires a field-specific ability or brilliance.
Direct-drive target designs as energetic particle sources for the Laser MégaJoule facility
Authors: Temporal Mauro , Canaud Benoit , Ramis Rafael
Published: March 2021

This work aims to analyse the possibility of directly driven imploding spherical targets in order to create a source of energetic particles (neutrons, protons, alphas, tritium and 3He ions) for the Laser MégaJoule facility. D3He gas-filled spherical SiO2 glass pellets, irradiated by an absorbed laser intensity of 1014 W cm−2 or 1015 W cm−2 have been considered. Depending on the absorbed laser intensity and the amount of the ablated glass layer two distinct regimes have been identified: a massive pusher and an exploding pusher. Both regimes are analysed in terms of hydrodynamics and fast particle spectra. Energetic particle time-resolved spectra are calculated and used to infer ionic temperatures and total areal densities. A parametric study has been performed by varying the shell thickness and target inner radius for both laser absorbed intensities.
Moscow University’s field station in the Khibiny Mountains, Russian Arctic: A 70-year history to the present day
Authors: Vikulina M.A. , Vashchalova T.V. , Tutubalina O.V. , Rees W.G. , Zaika Y.V.
Published: March 2021

The Khibiny Educational and Scientific Station (KESS) of the Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), was founded in 1948. It is one of the oldest stations of the MSU Faculty of Geography and the only one located north of the Arctic Circle. It is also one of the oldest continuously operating arctic field stations in the world. For more than 70 years, the research station has fostered scientific and international collaboration. Science and education carried out at the station have always gone hand in hand and the research results have been both theoretical and practical. Many generations of Russian geographers owe their successful careers to the research activities at the Khibiny station. Nowadays, it is one of the two major student training bases for the Faculty of Geography as well as a focal point of many national and international research projects, including the International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic (INTERACT) network.
The influence of comorbid depression and overweight status on peripheral inflammation and cortisol levels
Authors: McLaughlin Anna P. , Nikkheslat Naghmeh , Hastings Caitlin , Nettis Maria A. , Kose Melisa , Worrell Courtney , Zajkowska Zuzanna , Mariani Nicole , Enache Daniela , Lombardo Giulia , Pointon Linda ,   NIMA Consortium, Cowen Philip , Cavanagh Jonathan , Harrison Neil , Bullmore Edward , Pariante Carmine M. , Mondelli Valeria
Published: March 2021

Background

Depression and overweight are each associated with abnormal immune system activation. We sought to disentangle the extent to which depressive symptoms and overweight status contributed to increased inflammation and abnormal cortisol levels.

Methods

Participants were recruited through the Wellcome Trust NIMA Consortium. The sample of 216 participants consisted of 69 overweight patients with depression; 35 overweight controls; 55 normal-weight patients with depression and 57 normal-weight controls. Peripheral inflammation was measured as high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) in serum. Salivary cortisol was collected at multiple points throughout the day to measure cortisol awakening response and diurnal cortisol levels.

Results

Overweight patients with depression had significantly higher hsCRP compared with overweight controls (p = 0.042), normal-weight depressed patients (p < 0.001) and normal-weight controls (p < 0.001), after controlling for age and gender. Multivariable logistic regression showed that comorbid depression and overweight significantly increased the risk of clinically elevated hsCRP levels ⩾3 mg/L (OR 2.44, 1.28–3.94). In a separate multivariable logistic regression model, overweight status contributed most to the risk of having hsCRP levels ⩾3 mg/L (OR 1.52, 0.7–2.41), while depression also contributed a significant risk (OR 1.09, 0.27–2). There were no significant differences between groups in cortisol awakening response and diurnal cortisol levels.

Conclusion

Comorbid depression and overweight status are associated with increased hsCRP, and the coexistence of these conditions amplified the risk of clinically elevated hsCRP levels. Overweight status contributed most to the risk of clinically elevated hsCRP levels, but depression also contributed to a significant risk. We observed no differences in cortisol levels between groups.
Gendered leisure time-use and its impact on cognitive function among older adults in rural China
Authors: Liu Huijun , Pei Yaolin , Wu Bei
Published: March 2021

Increasing evidence has shown that an active, socially engaged lifestyle in leisure time might protect older adults against the decline of cognitive function. It remains unclear, however, which types of leisure activities are more beneficial to maintain cognitive function, and whether there are gender differences in the association between leisure activities and cognitive function. We used a two-wave of panel data from 1,018 older adults aged 60 and older in rural China to examine the lag effects of different types of leisure activities on cognitive functioning and to identify the gender differences in their impacts on cognition in rural China. Ordinary least-squares regression models showed that high physical activities were associated with better cognitive function. High intensity of cognitive activities and engaging in physical activities have a protective effect on cognitive function among older men rather than older women. Further, we found that cognitive activities had a stronger effect on cognitive function among older men than older women. It is important to consider gender-specific intervention in leisure activities to maintain cognitive function among older adults.
New insights inCercopithecinaespermatozoa
Authors: Martinez Guillaume , Garcia Cécile , Francois-Brazier Céline , Laidebeure Sylvie , Leclerc Antoine , Lecu Alexis , Mulot Baptiste , Petit Thierry , Quintard Benoit , Brouillet Sophie , Arnoult Christophe , Coutton Charles , Lacoste Romain
Published: March 2021

Sperm morphometric and morphologic data have been shown to represent useful tools for monitoring fertility, improving assisted reproduction techniques and conservation of genetic material as well as detecting inbreeding of endangered primates. We provide here for the first time sperm morphologic and morphometric data fromCercopithecus neglectus,Cercopithecus cephus,Papio papioand critically endangeredCercopithecus roloway, as well as comparative data from otherCercopithecinaespecies, i.e.Allochrocebus lhoesti,Mandrillus sphinxandPapio anubis. Following collection from the epididymis, spermatozoa were measured for each species for the following parameters: head length, head width, head perimeter, head area, midpiece length and total flagellum length, and the head volume, ellipticity, elongation, roughness and regularity were then calculated. Our data are consistent with both the general morphology and the morphometric proportions ofCercopithecinaesperm. Some specificities were observed, withC. cephusdisplaying a narrow head (width = 2.76 ± 0.26 µM) andC. rolowaydisplaying a short midpiece (6.65 ± 0.61 µM). This data set represents an important contribution, especially forCercopithecus roloway, one of the most endangered monkeys in the world, and further data on additional specimens coupled to data on mating systems and reproductive ecology should allow a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these morphological differences across primate species.
Holding a Mirror Up to Theatre
Authors: Martin Carol
Published: March 2021

Swiss director Milo Rau holds a mirror up to theatre to call into question its assumptions, conventions, and relationship to daily life. Rau’s nonfictional story of the murder of Ihsane Jarfi takes place within two overarching narratives with different timeframes—what happens on the stage now, and what happened beyond the stage then. His dramaturgy cautions against both suspension of disbelief and catharsis and against confusing the fictional with the real.
A Radically Unfinished Dance
Authors: Goldman Danielle
Published: March 2021

Nancy Stark Smith passed away due to ovarian cancer on 1 May 2020. Her dedication to contact improvisation for nearly half a century—as a dancer, teacher, writer, and editor—contributed to its development and will continue to inform its ongoing vitality. But much remains uncertain for the future of contact improvisation. Complicated by the challenges of Covid-19, what sort of bodies will result from the practice going forward, and how might the form itself change?