bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY;
Authors: Malik Sajid , Zaib Khan Kamran , Ahmad Iftikhar
Published: January 2019

Background: Minimal invasive surgery (MIS) is a modern and safe improvement in field of laparoscopic surgery. Single incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) is a major breakthrough in MIS and has become standard procedure for acute appendicitis in place of conventional three port laparoscopic appendectomy (CTLA). Objectives: To see the potential advantages in terms of operative time, duration of hospital stay, post-operative pain and cosmetic results in SILA and CTLA groups. Study Design: Randomized control study. Setting: Department of General Surgery in Allama Iqbal Medical College/ Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Period: July 2016 to June 2017. Materials and Methods: 48 patients were divided in two groups; group SILA (cases) and CTLA (control). Each group comprised 24 patients. All cases were performed by consultant who were competent enough and trained in MIS. Results: We found that there was statistically no difference in operative time (p>0.05) and post-operative pain (p>0.05) of both procedures but statistically significant outcome was observed in duration of hospital stay (p<0.005) and cosmetic result (p< 0.005). Post-operative analgesia usage was same in both groups with similar outcome of control. Surgical wound healed in all patients of both groups without complication but noticeably had shown no scar mark on three months follow up in patients of SILA group. Almost all patients in SILA group were discharged on same day on oral diet. Conclusion: This study showed that results of SILA are better in terms of cosmoses and less duration of hospital stay in the presence of non-significant operative time of two procedures. Staying with promise of minimizing in MIS to SILA, cosmetic satisfaction and minimal hospital stay are its comprehensible advantages.
DENTINE HYPERSENSITIVITY;
Authors: Arif Sana , Sefvan Janjua Omer , Mehmood Qureshi Sana
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Dentine Hypersensitivity (DH) is a common oral health issue of interlinking causes. It can affect one or more teeth and followers of any age group. It is a painful consequence of exposed dentinal tubules of a vital tooth. There is an increased cognizance that DH has become an important condition that requires investigation from the diagnostic and problem management paradigm. The objectives of this study are to estimate the frequency of dentine hypersensitivity, to investigate various factors associated with this health problem and to determine which teeth are commonly affected amongst patients visiting Allied Hospital Faisalabad (AHF). Study Design: Descriptive Cross-sectional study. Setting: Diagnostic Department of Allied hospital Faisalabad. Period:1st December 2016 to 31th December 2016. Material and Methods: After taking permission from Head of Department and Medical Superintendent of Allied Hospital Faisalabad. Two hundred patients were examined after taking verbal consent. Clinical examination form/ questionnaire was used to investigate and diagnose dentine hypersensitivity. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and variables were determined using Chi-square tests (p < 0.05 considered significant). Results: Out of two hundred patients, forty-seven were found be having dentine hypersensitivity, resulting frequency of dentine hypersensitivity in this sample was 23.5% and there was significant association between dentine hypersensitivity and factors i.e. erosion, attrition and gingival recession but near significant association for gastric reflux and no association for abrasion. It was more common in females and in age group of 18-30 years. Lower incisors were commonly affected teeth and predominantly affected site was buccal surface. Cold was the most common stimulus. Gingival recession was the most common factor. Conclusion: There was association between dentine hypersensitivity and its associated risk factors like gingival recession, attrition and erosion. Patients with hypersensitivity are more likely to be younger, to be female, to have a high prevalence of gingival recession and using horizontal tooth brushing technique.
PLANTAR FASCIITIS;
Authors: Liaqat Raja Umar , Khan Junaid , Chaudhry Fareeha , Aftab Muhammad Imran , Ahmed Riaz
Published: January 2019

Objectives: To compare Intra-lesional corticosteroid injection with autologous blood injection therapy in plantar fasciitis in terms of mean pain score. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Place and Duration: At the Department of Orthopaedics, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, for a duration of 01 year i.e. from 7th May 2016 to 6th May 2017. Patients and Methods: Patients with unilateral plantar heel pain fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups; A and B. Group A were injected 2mL corticosteroid injection in heel. Those in Group B were injected with 2mL of autologous blood mixed with 1 mL of 2% lidocaine. Outcome was assessed using Visual Analog Score (VAS) at 3 months. Results: A total of 180 patients with unilateral plantar heel pain were included. Mean age of patients was 49.98±11.26 years. 91 (50.6%) were male and 89 (49.4%) females. At 12-weeks post-treatment, mean pain score was significantly high in group A than group B (3.24±1.05 vs. 2.54±1.01; p=0.0005). Conclusion: Autologous blood was more effective than corticosteroid injection in patients with plantar fasciitis as was seen at 3 months follow-up.
ABO BLOOD GROUP;
Authors: Ahmed Shaikh Altaf , Ahmed Sanghro KHALIL AHMED , Altaf Anam
Published: January 2019

Objectives: To determine frequencies of ABO blood group in T2DM in tertiary Care, Pakistan. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross-sectional study. Place: Conducted in the department of medicine, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical Teaching Hospital (GMMMC). Duration: From January 2016 to July 2016. Methods: With consent of patients having T2DM of both genders and 30-70 years of age. Non-probability, Consecutive sampling was used. Total of 196 patients were enrolled during this time period. After taking consent, blood samples taken from peripheral vein for blood grouping were sent to the Central Laboratory GMMMC. Laboratory technician determined blood group using standard techniques. All this information was collected through a self-structured Performa. Results: Participants in our study were from age range 30 to 70 years with mean age of 53.26 ± 7.28 years. Out of the 196 patients, 110 (56.1%) were female and 86 (43.9%) were male. The prevalence of blood group A, B, AB and O in patients with ischemic stroke was found to be as of following; 34 patients having blood group A (17.3%), 74 patients having blood group B (37.8%), 18 patients having blood group AB (9.2%) and 70 patients having blood group O (35.7%) respectively. Stratification was also done on gender basis. 75.5% (n=148) had positive family history. Conclusion: Blood group B +ve was the most prevalent blood group in T2DM in our study.
Teacher’s perception on the implementation of the assessment process in 2013 curriculum
Authors: Maba Wayan
Published: January 2019

This study aims to describe the teachers’ perception on the implementation of the assessment process in 2013 curriculum. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The subjects of the research are the Elementary school principals and elementary school teachers in Denpasar. Research data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation which were analyzed descriptively by using the interactive technique. The interactive analysis was done by collecting data, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of data analysis showed that the teachers prepared the lesson plans prior to implementing the teaching and learning processes in the classroom. The lesson plans consist of the rubric of attitude assessment, knowledge assessment, and social assessment. The attitude competence assessment consists of spiritual and social attitudes. The assessment of the attitude competence is done by doing observation, self-assessment, peer assessment, and teacher's journal. The assessment of knowledge competence was done by administrating written test, oral test, and also written an assignment. The students’ competencies were assessed by conducting performance assessment. The results of the assessment were written descriptively on the students’ learning report by describing the student's ability to detail. Most teachers stated that the assessment in 2013 curriculum is quite good because it provides an attitude assessment, including the aspect of the spiritual and social, knowledge aspects, and skills aspects. There were some obstacles found by teachers in conducting the assessment, such as, limited time that teachers have in observing students' social attitudes and writing the results of the assessment that require a lot of time to describe the students' abilities.
Developing learning methods of Indonesian as a foreign language
Authors: Suparsa I Nyoman , Mantra Ida Bagus Nyoman , Widiastuti Ida Ayu Made Sri
Published: January 2019

The present study was conducted which aims at developing teaching methods of Indonesian as a foreign language. This study was carried out for two years in the form of Research and Development design to develop accuracy of teaching methods to be employed to teach the Indonesian language. The study was conducted as an important and crucial issue encountered by prospective teachers of Indonesian as a foreign language to face global challenges in which teachers of Indonesian are urgently required to teach effectively. In addition, this study was conducted to prepare the Indonesian teachers to be professional teachers and ready to face the competitive world of work. In the first year, the research was focused on creating a draft of effective learning methods to teach Indonesian as a foreign language. Consequently, this study was started by analyzing the teaching methods that have been used by various language learning institutions. The second year, the study is mainly focused on trying out and validated the learning methods to ensure their effectiveness to teach Indonesian as a foreign language.
Developing communicative English language tests for tourism vocational high school students
Authors: Astawa I Nengah , Mantra Ida Bagus Nyoman , Widiastuti Ida Ayu Made Sri
Published: January 2019

The present study aimed at developing communicative language tests for vocational high school students. A Research and Development design was employed in this study with the primary target was to develop communicative English language tests. The main procedures in the development of the test include: (1) identifying objectives, (2) developing the test specification, (3) developing the communicative tests, (4) analyzing the results of the preliminary tryout of the communicative tests drafts, (5) revising the communicative test drafts, (6) trying out the communicative test drafts, (7) analyzing the results of the tryout of the communicative tests, (8) revising the communicative test drafts. Questionnaires and observation blanks sheet was used to gather comments, opinions, and criticisms on the draft of communicative tests from a number of selected experts. The analysis of the communicative tests tryout was done to ensure the validity, reliability, and practicality of the tests.
Revitalization of oral literature tradition of Balinese society based character values as deradicalism effort
Authors: Suarta I Made
Published: January 2019

The present study was to discuss the importance of revitalizing Balinese literature towards the children from an early age as an alternative against the radicalism seeds. Indonesian currently has a very serious problem, one of them was the growing understanding of radicalism that has a potential to threaten the sovereignty of the nation and the state of Indonesia. The radicalism idea must be soon opposed to the noble values contained in the oral literary tradition. On the early inculcation of the oral literary tradition for children, it could affect psychology and characterize the child who was oriented towards the noble values of culture in which the oral literature was born. Regarding the growth of children's awareness of the noble values of culture consist of in an oral literature, unlike the ethical and religious teachings, the inclusion chances of radicalism for the children were very small. Therefore, the lofty values of the oral literary tradition were defensive and attack. It defined defense on the radicalism onslaught and attack behind the radicalism idea.
The actualization of cultural elements in novel Guru Onyeh by Salman Faris
Authors: Aini Zuhratul
Published: January 2019

Novel with its complexity is a means of self-expression, the contemplation result, observation, imagination, and even the form of social critique of the author. One of the local novels that succeeded in attracting sympathy through the local cultural picture is Salman Faris's novel, Guru Onyeh. Salman Faris is a writer born in Lombok. Salman Faris explores the reality that exists in the life of the surrounding community into a literary work in the form of a novel entitled Guru Onyeh. The culture of society explored in this novel is the cultural elements of Sasak people who inhabit the island of Lombok. This novel also discovers the culture of the Sasak community in the reality of life. In order to uncover the actualization of cultural elements in the Sasak society, the novel Guru Onyeh will be studied based on the theory of literary anthropology. This discover the cultural elements contained in the novel and how the actualization of those cultural elements in the novel of Guru Onyeh in the Sasak community is. This study reveals that there are seven elements of culture in the novel Guru Onyeh namely: human life equipment, livelihood, societal system, language, art, knowledge, and religion. Each element of the culture still exists in Sasak society.
Improving cooperative performance through human resource development efforts
Authors: Martini Ida Ayu Oka , Lasmi Ni Wayan , Jaya NK , Sutrisni Ni Ketut Elly
Published: January 2019

Improving cooperative performance as one of the national and regional reconstruction teachers should be continuously carried out unlike the steps and anticipation by the many cooperatives that are bankrupt or disabled. The one aspect that needs to be improved was the aspect of Human Resources (HR) becomes manager and management of existing cooperatives. In order to realize it, the Department of Cooperatives and UMKM Bali Province has implemented various programs to improve the performance of cooperatives human resources that have been registered. The present research was conducted to measure the success level of human resource development from cooperative and relate to the cooperative performance that collected by Department of Cooperatives and UMKM during in 2016 period. The result of the document study was obtained concluded that have been done competency certification program for the manager and cooperative management, program education and training was attended by 1200 managers and cooperative management in Bali Province during in 2012 until 2016 period. Based on the programs that have been done, the Department of Cooperatives and UMKM Bali Province recorded a working realization of 218.89% or has exceeded the target set.
Opposition of community citizenship against the policy of the village's leader
Authors: Mardika I Nyoman
Published: January 2019

The process of industrialization, reformation, and globalization has led to the changes in people's lives such as livelihoods, lifestyle, and also the character of the Balinese themselves. Livelihoods that initially agriculture shifted to the tourism industry, productive lifestyles became consumptive and the way people's lives changed from collectivism to individualism and materialism. Changes of Balinese characters from previous hospitality and courteous, today tend to be violent and conflicted. Traditional institutions such as Desa Adat are social-religious and proud because they are capable of functioning to protect their citizens. However, Adat Village, which is a respected institution today, is often the arena of conflict to fight for various interests, so that quiet and peaceful life is no longer the case. The process of change and the emergence of conflicts in the development of indigenous villages in Bali often occurs in the areas of Adat Perasi Village. In the field of livelihood, Perasi traditional villagers who originally lived from agriculture and fishermen, have now changed because of a shift in the livelihoods of life. Its citizens are no longer just depend on agriculture and fishing, but rather have been leading to services especially the tourism industry. This shift must have caused a change in the view of people's lives from the original emphasis on togetherness because the collectivity of citizens turn into commercialism (materialism) that leads to individuality.
Sentence analysis in broca’s aphasia
Authors: Nurhayati - , Rusdiawan - , Arifuddin -
Published: January 2019

This study tries to explore the sentences used by a person with Broca’s Aphasia in terms of type and syntactical structure. The goal of this study is to find and describe several important elements that have been said above. Based upon this, this study is a field research using descriptive qualitative research design. By this consideration, the data collection method used in this study is the participatory observation method combined with the Record and Report Technique and the Unstructured Interview Technique. In analyzing data, this study employed Intralingual Matching Method as a data analysis method accompanied by the informal and formal method as the method of data presentation. Thus, the findings resulted from this study are (1) 111 declarative clauses, (2) 32 interrogative clauses, and (3) 5 imperative clauses. Meanwhile, in terms of syntactical structure, there are only 11 sentence patterns that can be produced, namely S-K, K-S, P-K, S-P, P-O, K-P, S-P-K, K-S-P, P-S-K, K-O, K-P-O, and K-P-S.
Legal pluralism politics towards recognition of social unity in customary law and local regulation
Authors: Atmaja Gede Marhaendra Wija
Published: January 2019

The present study at discussing the about Legal Pluralism Politics towards Recognition of the Society Unity of Customary Law and Local Regulations. The two important term was discussed i.e. (1) the political principles of the legal pluralism whether as the recognition direction for the social unity of the customary law; (2) the rationale for the need to recognize the social unity of the customary law with a local regulation. The customary law unity has a specificity that requires flexible regulation in the law, and enforcement to its acknowledgment with local regulations. The utilization wonder, the law can make people happy by ensuring access to their rights. The recognition of customary law unity society guarantees access to rights, in accordance with laws that mandate acknowledgment with local regulations. The legal certainty requires that the law can be formulated, unlike a clear and systematic way. It can be made thus, it is clear about the recognized identity is given for more limited scope and local government to be better recognize local uniqueness.
Etnobotánica histórica de grupos Criollos de Argentina IV: Identificación taxonómica de las plantas y análisis de datos medicinales del Chaco Húmedo provenientes de la Encuesta Nacional de Folklore de 1921
Authors: Scarpa Gustavo F. , Rosso Cintia N.
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar, actualizar y analizar datos sobre la etnobotánica médica de los Criollos del Chaco Húmedo hallados en la Encuesta Nacional de Folklore (ENF) de 1921. Debido a que las plantas aparecen mencionadas con sus nombres vernáculos, la identificación científica es estimada sobre la base de una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva de sus correspondencias respectivas. Un total de 816 indicaciones terapéuticas, que corresponden a las ⅔ partes del total registrado para la ENF de 1921, fueron registradas y asignadas a 238 taxones botánicos. Se clasificaron los usos medicinales en 16 categorías, siendo las más representativas las que aluden al aparato digestivo, sistema respiratorio y como vulnerario. Estas incluyen 131 clases de indicaciones terapéuticas, siendo las más referidas los antitusivos, estomáquicos, depurativos, cicatrizantes, contra el empacho y para calmar odontalgias. Estos resultados constituyen las principales contribuciones a la fecha para la etnobotánica médica y la etnomedicina de los criollos del Chaco Húmedo. Se concluye, además, que los criollos del Chaco Húmedo de las provincias de Chaco y Santa Fe pertenecen a un complejo bio-cultural claramente diferenciado al de aquellos del Noroeste de la provincia de Corrientes
Development and behavioural toxicity of deltamethrin on Rattus norvegicus following gestational exposure
Authors: Joya Joya , Sangha G.K.
Published: January 2019

Deltamethrin, a synthetic type II pyrethroid was used at acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels to evaluate the embryo toxic risk in rat offsprings. Commercial formulation of deltamethrin (Decis 2.8 EC) at the level of ADI (0.01 mg/kg bw/day) and ten times ADI (0.1 mg/kg bw/day) was given orally to female rats (Rattus norvegicus) after mating until the end of pregnancy. The rats which did not breed were sacrificed for uterine examination, total implantations and resorptions. No toxicological symptoms were found in the rats treated with ADI level of deltamethrin, however rats treated with 10 times ADI dose of deltamethrin appeared weak and less active. Rats treated with 10×ADI did not breed and resorptions and cysts were observed in their uterus and ovary respectively. In rats treated with ADI dose of deltamethrin, litter size was reduced, pups gained less body weight and their developmental parameters and behavioural milestones were delayed as compared to control rats pups. The results suggested that gestational exposure of deltamethrin on growth and viability of rat offsprings at ADI level also affected the development and behaviour of rat offsprings.
Assessment of diversity by using morphological, biochemical and molecular approaches of selected basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties
Authors: Mishra A. , Kumar Pradeep , Sengar R. S. , Kumar P. , Singh R. , Chaudhary R. , Kumar A. , Fatima P.
Published: January 2019

The study investigates the genetic diversity among the Basmati rice genotypes. Selected nine Basmati rice genotypes were studied for twelve morphological traits, biochemical parameters and for molecular analysis with 11 SSR markers. Pusa Sugandha 5 and Basmati 370, showed strong aroma while other varieties showed medium aroma. Alkali spreading value were intermediate in Basmati 386, Vallabh Basmati 22 and Vallabh Basmati 24 while other varieties showed high values. Pusa Basmati 1 and Basmati 386 showed soft category of gel consistency while in rest varieties it was under medium category. Amylose percentage in grains were ranged from 18.02% (Taraori basmati) to 22.0% (Basmati370). Molecular analysis with 11 SSR markers showed 125 allels with an average number of allels 11.36 per locus. All the markers showed specific type of banding pattern along with 82 polymorphic allels in different genotypes. This study focuses on application of statistical methods and techniques in analysis of genetic diversity of the agronomic data, biochemical aspects related to quality parameters and at the molecular level using SSR markers for clustering procedure making dendrogram that helps the more accurate selection of the superior basmati genotypes for the further studies of the breeders and researchers.
Use of growth regulators as priming agent for improvement of seed vigour in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum)
Authors: Jyoti Bhim , Gaurav S. S. , Pant Usha
Published: January 2019

Seeds of tomato cv. Keabi were primed with of three important growth regulators viz Gibberellic acid (GA3), Napthlene acetic acid (NAA) and potassium nitrate (KNO3). Four concentration of each, Gibberellic acid and Napthlene acitic acid (25ppm, 50ppm, 75ppm.100ppm) and two concentration of KNO3 (1% and 2%) were compared with the distilled water as control. For each treatment seeds were soaked in growth regulator for 24 hrs before put for the germination test. Fifty seeds in four replications were germinated on top of paper at 200C in seed germinator for 14 days. Normally germinated seedlings were counted which gave an estimation of germination percentage. Data was recorded on the germination percentage, shoot length, seed vigour index. Most of the treatments had significant positive effect on all the quality parameters. NAA had showed adverse effect on the root length while other growth regulators were found to be significant role to improve the root length. Maximum seed germination (74%) was observed at 50 and 75ppm GA3. Highest shoot length (4.83cm) was found at 25ppm of GA3 whereas enhancement of root length occurred with the priming of 1% KNO3 (3.52cm ). Seed vigour-I, on the basis of seedling length was observed higher at 25ppm. GA3 (720) and seed vigour –II on the basis of seedling dry weight was also observed maximum priming with 100ppm GA3 (1460). From this study it was suggested that GA3 priming has important growth regulator to enhance the seed germination as well as seed vigour. Before sowing seed should be priming with GA3 for obtaining high % germination and vigorous seedling that survive under adverse condition it also increase the uniformity of field plant stand.
Evaluation of insecticides against blister beetle (Mylabris pustulata Thunb.) on pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan
Authors: Rolania Krishna , Yadav S. S. , Saini R. K.
Published: January 2019

Blister beetle, Mylabris pustulata (Family: Meloidae: Coleoptera) an important pest of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan when fed on its different floral parts including petals, anthers, stigma and ovary. Stigma and ovary were damaged and there was no pod formation. In view of its significant damage potential, a few number of insecticides were evaluated against the beetles in the laboratory: thiodicarb (0.09%), chlorpyriphos (0.10%), quinalphos (0.10%), cypermethrin (0.007%), deltamethrin (0.012%) and novaluron (0.10%). Fresh pigeonpea twigs bearing flowers were dipped for 5 seconds in requisite concentrations of different insecticides and allowed to air dry at room temperature (28oC). For each treatment, three replicates were taken and dead beetle were counted 24 and 48 hours after release. Observations after 24 hours of application indicated that thiodicarb (84.23 %), chlorpyriphos (57.50 %), quinalphos (37.31 %) and cypermethrin (29.77 %) significantly reduced blister beetle population compared with the control (without insecticidal treatment). After 48 hours, all insecticidal treatments were significantly superior over control. Maximum cumulative mortality (100%) was observed in thiodicarb followed by quinalphos (95.7%), cypermethrin (95.7%) and chlorpyriphos (91.6%), while minimum in novaluron and deltamethrin. It was concluded from the studies that among the different insecticidal treatments thiodicarb (0.09%) proved most effective which brought 99.75 % mortality even 24 hours after the treatment.
Growth and production potential of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) as influenced by intercropping and integrated nutrient management
Authors: Pal A. K. , Singh R.S. , Shukla U. N. , Singh Smita
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2010-11 at Varanasi to evaluate the production potential of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Mill sp.) in intercropping with different fertility levels. The pigeonpea+urdbean intercropping system exhibited its superiority by recording higher growth attribute i.e. plant height (231.22 cm plant-1), no. of branches (18.20 plant-1), dry matter accumulation (213.25 g plant-1), LAI (3.45), yield attribute i.e. no. of pods (135.57 plant-1), no. of grain (4.06 pod-1), Test weight (106.07g), and yield i.e. grain yield (1792.29 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (7614.97 kg ha-1). Application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)+2.5t VC fertility level recorded its superiority by recording higher growth attribute i.e. plant height (232.42 cm plant-1), no. of branch (19.07 plant-1), dry matter accumulation (214.65 g plant-1), LAI (3.62) and yield attributes i.e. no. of pods (141.42 plant-1), no. of grain (4.13 pod-1) and test weight (108.22 g) and yield i.e. grain yield (1831.82 kg ha-1), and stalk yield (8221.61 kg ha-1) over all fertility levels. In the cultivation of long duration crops, the short duration crop may be used as intercrop to generate additional income for farmers’ and INM practices also reduce cost of fertilizer as well as environmental pollution.
Bioefficacy of plant extracts on stem rot, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid and Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua Walker in jute crop
Authors: Chowdhury H. , Gotyal B. S. , Selvaraj K. , Sarkar S. K.
Published: January 2019

In vitro study was conducted to test mycellial growth inhibition effect of plant extracts on Macrophomina phaseolina causing stem rot of jute as well as for feeding inhibition and mortality on 3rd instar larvae of Bihar hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua Walker. The result revealed, at 2000 ppm, acetone extracts of sunnhemp and Azeratum conyzoides exhibited maximum of 34.44% and 41.85% mycellial growth inhibition respectively. Whereas, 83.32% and 66.67% spore germination inhibition of the fungus was observed respectively. At 5000 ppm, methanolic extracts of Crotolaria quinquefolia, garlic, curry leaf and turmeric oil recorded 35.55%, 44.44%, 50.00% and 70.00% mycellial growth inhibition of the fungus. Methanolic extracts of C. juncea, C. quinquefolia, curry leaf and garlic recorded above 80.00% feeding inhibition on S. obliqua and larval mortality of 20.00%-44.44%. It is clear that neem, sunnhemp, garlic and turmeric extract possess antifungal, insecticidal, antifeedant properties and may be integrated for management of stem rot as well as S. obliqua in jute crop.
Moisture stress induced changes in metabolites and cellular functions in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes
Authors: Randhawa Navkiran , Kaur Jagmeet , Kaur Satvir , Singh Sarvjeet
Published: January 2019

The present investigation was aimed to study influence of moisture stress in in vitro identified tolerant (GL28151, RSG963, PDG3) and sensitive (GL22044, GNG1861, PBG1) chickpea genotypes under field conditions. Moisture stress treatments included crop sown with one pre-sowing irrigation (WSVFP), irrigation withheld at flower initiation stage (WSF), irrigation withheld at pod initiation stage (WSP) and control (irrigated as and when required). Osmolytes (in seeds) viz. total soluble sugars, starch, proline, cellular functions; relative water content, membrane permeability index and lipid peroxidation (in leaves), antioxidant enzymes (at pod filling stage) viz. peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase were estimated in chickpea seeds under control and stressed conditions. WSVFP was most severely affected by moisture stress followed by WSP and WSF and emphasized on pod intuition stage as critical stage attributable to hindered transport of assimilates towards formation of pods and development of seeds under stress imposed by lack of sufficient moisture. Highest accumulation of total soluble sugars (73.33), starch (73.12), proline (2.04) in mg/g fresh weight, least percentage reduction over control in relative water content (20.3), membrane permeability index (18.8) and minimal lipid peroxidation (31.3) accompanied by significantly enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes under WSVFP rendered moisture stress tolerance in RSG963. The pronounced cellular damage, lesser alleviation in the content of osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes activity was observed in sensitive genotype GL22044 under stress treatments. High molecular weight protein bands were found either absent or of low intensity in sensitive genotypes (GL22044, GNG1861 and PBG1) under severe stress treatment (WSVFP).
Effect micro-nutrients and farm yard manure on soil properties and yield of maize (Zea mays l.) in lower Indo-Gangetic Plain of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Pratap Devesh , Singh J. , Kumar Rahul , Kumar Om , Rawat K.S.
Published: January 2019

The objective of the study to find the suitable treatment combination between the combination of compaction, micronutrients and farmyard manure, which enhanced physical, chemical properties of soil and yield for alluvial soil. The maximum particle density (3.01g/cc), water holding capacity (58.23 %) and pore space (63.40 %) were observed in the treatment T3 (C3I3M3), whereas maximum bulk density (1.09 g/cc) was observed in the treatment T1 (C1I1M1). The maximum EC (0.58dS m-1), Organic carbon (0.66 %), available nitrogen (279.76 kg/ha), phosphorous (19.62 kg P2O5/ha) potash (194.90 kg K2O/ha), zinc (0.65 ppm) and sulfur (14.89 ppm) were found in treatment T3 (C3I3M3). The electrical conductivity gradually increased from control (C0I0M0-0.45) to T3 (C3I3M3-0.58) dSm-1 . The maximum dry weight, test weight and yield were found in the treatment T2 (C2I2M2) viz., 154.43, (230.33 and 50.50 qha-1 respectively for alluvial soil.
Studies on nitrogenase activity of diazotrophic isolates from different rice production systems
Authors: Kanimoli S. , Kumar K.
Published: January 2019

The present study was carried out to evaluate the nitrogen fixing ability of diazotrophs isolated from the rhizosphere soils of rice which were grown in three different rice growing systems. A total of hundred and ten isolates obtained were subjected to Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA) and ninety eight isolates recorded significant amount of nitrogenase activity in a range of 185.73 to 3794.55 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein-1 h-1. The highest nitrogenase activity was recorded by Derxia (3794.55 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein-1 h-1) isolated from Trichy (lowland). Among the three different rice production systems, isolates obtained from lowland rice (Derxia – 3794.5 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein-1 h-1) recorded higher nitrogenase activity followed by Aerobic (Pseudomonas - 2194.89 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein-1 h-1) and SRI (Azotobacter - 1971.85 nmoles of ethylene mg of protein-1 h-1) rice isolates. The results revealed marked variation in the ARA of the diazotrophic isolates obtained from lowland, SRI and Aerobic rice. The nitrogenase activity of diazotrophs from rice fields have been reported earlier but the nitrogenase activity of diazotrophs from three different rice production systems from various parts of Tamil Nadu is reported for the first time from India.
Diet composition of freshwater crab, Potamon koolooense Rathbun, 1904 from hillstream of Uttarakhand
Authors: Bahuguna S. N. , Rana Anita Rawat , Singh Shurveer
Published: January 2019

The present study was carried out to study the diet composition of freshwater crab, P. koolooense in hillstream Khoh of Uttarakhand during November, 2013 to October, 2014. Total 105 crab samples were used for the study, 35 male and 47 female were found with food in their stomach while rest of the 23 had empty stomachs. The carapace length (CL) ranged from 12mm to 49mm, carapace width (CW) from 15mm to 59mm and total weight (TW) from 2.08g to 60.12g. Stomach content analysis of the animal showed that the diet of the animal composed of animal matter, plant matter, algae, fungi, debris and unidentified materials. Animal matter ranged from (3.27-11.93%), plant matter (4.37-14.44%), algae (1.73-6.15%), fungi (0.17-1.43%), debris (28.18-40.47%) and unidentified materials (36.46-50.05%) in males while in the female animal matter ranged from (3.09-12.34%), plant matter (4.45-12.73%), algae (1.03-7.61%), fungi (0.02-3.34%), debris (23.18-43.34%) and unidentified (30.31-51.04%). Unidentified materials recorded maximum and fungi recorded minimum in both the sexes of Potamon koolooense. A significant difference was observed at p<0.05 between food groups- algae and unidentified matter in both sexes. This is the first report, to key out and quantifies the dietary items and feeding habits of crab in Uttarakhand which would be helpful in interpreting the ecological niche of the animal in mountain stream communities.
Agro-morphological and quality characterization of indigenous and exotic aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Rastogi N. K. , Sarawgi A. K. , Chandraker Pratibha , Singh P. K. , Jena B. K.
Published: January 2019

For establishment of the distinctness among 64 aromatic rice germplasm, 35 agro-morphological and quality traits were used. Most of the studied traits showed wide variation among the germplasm. Purple colour of auricles and ligule was found in only one genotype, while light purple colour of auricles was recorded in four genotypes. White colour of stigma was recorded in 57 accessions, whereas purple stigma was observed in six accessions. Awns present in 31 accessions. The weight of 1000 grains, which is one of the most important yield attributing traits showed wide variation among accessions, and ranges from very low to very high weight. Grain: length and decorticated grain: length showed high variation and ranges from very short to long type, while grain: width and decorticated grain: width showed somewhat little variation among the genotypes. Extra long slender type grain shape was observed in 27 accessions. White type of decorticated grain colour was found in 55 genotypes, while light red and red colour was observed in only three genotypes. The present study concluded that all sixty four accessions were found to be distinct on the basis of thirty one agro-morphological and quality traits. Accessions having short stem length, very long panicle length, more number of panicle per plant, and extra long slender grain may be used as potential donor in hybridization programmes. This study will be useful for breeders, researchers and farmers toidentify and choose the restoration and conservation of beneficial genes for crop improvement.
Zinc dynamics in an Alfisol as influenced by levels of farm yard manure
Authors: Chakraborty M. , Chidanandappa H. M. , Dhananjaya B. C. , Padhan D.
Published: January 2019

Field experiments were conducted on sandy loam soil at Shimoga, Karnataka, India to study the influence of FYM application on dynamics of zinc in an Alfisol under fingermillet (Eleusine coracana L.) crop. Three levels of FYM viz., 7.5, 15.0 and 22.5 t/ha with and without recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) were evaluated for the purpose. Changes in available (DTPA extractable) and different fractions of Zn in soil were monitored. Application of FYM at all levels, with or without fertilizers, caused significant (p<0.05) increase in DTPA-Zn, the effect being more pronounced at higher levels. Maximum DTPA- zinc (0.97 mg/kg) in soil was observed in the treatment RDF+FYM@ 22.5 t/ha. Increase in level of FYM application increased the water soluble, sorbed, easily reducible manganese bound, carbonate bound and organic bound fractions of Zn significantly (p<0.05), but decreased residual fractions in soil compared to that of RDF and absolute control treatments. All the fractions except residual one had positive and significant correlation with each other indicating the existence of a dynamic equilibrium among them. DTPA-Zn was positively and significantly (p<0.01) correlated with soil OC, WS, SORB, ERMn, CA, OM and Fe and Alox fractions (r= 0.683,0.603,0.683,0.702,0.777,0.678 and 0.476 respectively) in soil. The treatment receiving RDF+FYM @ 22.5 t/ha excelled over others with respect to grain and straw yield (3.028 t/ha and 1.890 t/ha respectively) of fingermillet. Thus, keeping in view the availability of Zn in soil and yield of fingermillet, FYM @22.5 t/ha supplemented with RDF was found to be the superior one.
Effect of phytohormones on shoot apex and leaf explants of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)
Authors: Rani Archana , Kumar M. , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: January 2019

An efficient protocol for callus induction of Withania somnifera through in vitro culture of shoot apex and leaf explant was standardized. Of the various combinations of phytohormones evaluated, MS media supplemented with 6-furfuryl aminopurine (KIN) 0.5 mg/l + 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) 2.0 mg/l was found to be bestfor mean callus induction (86%) in leaf explants after 6 weeks of culture and in case of shoot apex expant the best response and growth of callusing was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/l + BAP 2.0 mg/l (77%).The response of callus growth increases gradually with the reductions in concentration of KIN in culturemedium of both the explants. This protocol might be used in further research for mass propagation of W. somnifera via indirect regeneration methods.
Isolation of endophytic actinomycetes from Syzygium cumini and their antimicrobial activity against human pathogens
Authors: Saini Preeti , Gangwar Madhurama , Kalia Anu , Singh Narinder , Narang Deepti
Published: January 2019

Isolation of endophytic actinomycetes is an important step to screen antimicrobial compounds to curb the threat of drug-resistant strains of human pathogens. Out of the 50 endophytic actinomycetes obtained from surface sterilized root, stem and leaf tissues of Syzygium cumini, 50 isolates (30%) exhibited antimicrobial activity. Antistaphylococcal activity was displayed by most of the isolates, with maximum percent inhibition by J-10 (Mean of Inhibition Factor=12.12 mm2). A total of 8 isolates (4 each) were able to hydrolyse protein (proteinase activity) and solubilize chitin (chitinase activity). Results of thin layer chromatography confirm the production of chloramphenicol family |antibiotic by the isolate J-5. This is the first report providing an insight into untapped endophytic actinomycete milieu of Syzygium cumini yet to be explored which might be a promising source for novel antimicrobial agents.
Productivity enhancement and popularization of improved production technologies in wheat through frontline demonstrations
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Kumar Vijay , Sharma S.C. , Singh Sukhvinder
Published: January 2019

Front line demonstrations (FLDs) on wheat were conducted on 150 farmers’ fields to demonstrate the impact of drought tolerant rainfed varieties (PBW 175 & PBW 644) and other improved practices techniques (supplemental irrigation and sowing with seed drill) on production and economic benefits in the kandi region of Punjab state during rabi seasons from 2011-12 to 2013-14 under rainfed situation. The improved production technologies recorded additional mean yield of 27.8 q/ha and 28.4 q/ha for rainfed varieties and other improved practices. The per cent average increase in yield of rainfed over local cultivars was 35.3, while 29.1 for other improved practices. The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 7.3 q/ha, 8.4 q/ha and 22.5 per cent, respectively in different varieties. FLDs recorded higher B:C ratio of 2.32 and 2.52 for rainfed varieties and other improved practices, respectively. The FLDs conducted on improved technologies during the present study resulted in enhancement of yield, net returns and also increased the knowledge of the farmers. Thus, productivity of wheat could be increased by adopting recommended improved management practices with a suitable high yielding variety under rainfed conditions. The present study resulted in convincing the farming community about potentialities of improved production management technologies of wheat in productivity enhancement and for further adoption by the farming community.
Effects of agro-chemicals practices in economic production of cabbage in valley districts of Manipur, India
Authors: Sagolsem Sonia , Singh N. Ram , Singh Y. Chakrabarty
Published: January 2019

Present investigation was conducted in Thoubal district and Imphal East district of Manipur, India to assemble the information about the economics of cabbage production, checking the practices done by farmers while using agro-chemicals and identifying the problems encountered by the producers in cabbage production. NPK was the most popular inorganic fertilizer amongst farmers. As such 59 farms applied fertilizer twice and 26 farms applied more than twice before harvesting. Different irrigation practices were encountered where use of pipes was more popular (53 farms) relative to the use of bucket irrigation (32 farms). Hoeing or hand fork were the most efficient tools for weed management (66 farms) followed by hand picking (21 farms). Majority of the farmers (79 farms) applied insecticides to control insect pest and fungicides as the major means of diseases management (78 farms). Overall the average cost of cultivation was worked out to be Rs. 18007.18 farm-1 with the cost of large farms much higher than the small farms which is estimated as Rs. 26827.12 farm-1 and Rs. 12126.35 farm-1 respectively. The main problems faced by farmers were pest and diseases problems, insufficient irrigation, inadequate electricity for irrigation, infertility of soil, non-availability of fertilizers in time and suitable plant protection chemicals. The study concluded that cabbage farmer misused pesticides in terms of its types and quantity used in order to increase its production. In addition, consumers were exposed to high pesticide residue levels due to limited or no waiting period before cabbage heads were harvested.
Evaluation of FAOAqua Crop model for wheat under different irrigation regimes
Authors: Sarangi A. , Bandyopadhyay K. K. , Samal A. , Pathan A.
Published: January 2019

The experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi during rabi seasons of 2010-11and 2011-12. Irrigation treatments include irrigation applied at 50% deficit (W1) and 25 % deficit (W2) and full irrigation (W3) under recommended fertilization levels with split doses of N-fertilizer. Fullirrigation treatment was based on irrigations to meet the soil moisture deficit up to the field capacity (FC) level and deficit irrigation treatments of 25% and 50% were imposed with respect to the full irrigation.The model was calibrated with experiment generated data sets of rabi 2010-11 and validated using the data set of rabi 2011-12. It was observed that the validated model performed well for grain yield prediction with absolute prediction error of 2.9%, 0.91% and 7.85% for full, 25% deficit and 50% deficit irrigation levels, respectively. Also, for prediction of biomass yield the prediction error ranged from 11.81% to 28.96% for all three irrigation treatments. Moreover, the validated model was observed to predict the water productivity with absolute prediction errors of 43.57%, 13.87% and 12.8% for full, 25% deficit and 50% deficit irrigation treatment levels, respectively. Nonetheless, it was observed from this study that the AquaCrop model can be used to simulate the grain and biomass yield for wheat crop with acceptable accuracy under different irrigation regimes in a semi-arid enviroment.