bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical analysis of a rolling-sliding elastohydrodynamic lubrication line contact with a subsurface inclusion
Authors: Félix Quiñonez Armando , Morales Espejel Guillermo E
Published: January 2019

This work investigates the transient effects of a single subsurface inclusion over the pressure, film thickness, and von Mises stress in a line elastohydrodynamic lubrication contact. Results are obtained with a fully-coupled finite element model for either a stiff or a soft inclusion moving at the speed of the surface. Two cases analyzed consider the inclusion moving either at the same speed as the mean velocity of the lubricant or moving slower. Two additional cases investigate reducing either the size of the inclusion or its stiffness differential with respect to the matrix. It is shown that the well-known two-wave elastohydrodynamic lubrication mechanism induced by surface features is also applicable to the inclusions. Also, that the effects of the inclusion become weaker both when its size is reduced and when its stiffness approaches that of the matrix. A direct comparison with predictions by the semi-analytical model of Morales-Espejel et al. ( Proc IMechE, Part J: J Engineering Tribology 2017; 231) shows reasonable qualitative agreement. Quantitatively some differences are observed which, after accounting for the semi-analytical model's simplicity, physical agreement, and computational efficiency, may then be considered as reasonable for engineering applications.
Investigation of tool geometry in nanoscale cutting single-crystal copper by molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Dai Houfu , Du Hao , Chen Jianbin , Chen Genyu
Published: January 2019

Molecular dynamics has been employed in this paper to investigate the nanoscale cutting process of single-crystal copper with a diamond tool. The behavior of the workpiece during material removal by diamond cutting has been studied. The effects of tool geometry including rake angle, clearance angle, and edge radius are thoroughly investigated in terms of chips, dislocation movement, temperature distribution, cutting temperature, cutting force, and friction coefficient. The investigation showed that an appropriate positive rake angle ([Formula: see text]), a suitable clearance angle ([Formula: see text]), or a smaller edge radius tip resulted in a smaller cutting force and a better subsurface finish. It was found that a tool with a rake angle of [Formula: see text] generated more chips, had a higher cutting efficiency, and produced a lower temperature in the workpiece, but a smaller rake angle tip was more conducive to protecting the groove compared to a large rake angle tip. Compared with a tool with a small clearance angle, the tool with a larger clearance angle generated more chips and caused a lower temperature rise in the copper workpiece, and prolonged its lifetime. In addition, a larger clearance angle tip was more conducive to protecting the groove. A smaller edge radius tip reduces the cutting heat during the nanoscale cutting process, while the volume of chips decreases. These results indicated that it is possible to control and adjust the tool parameters according to the tool rake angle, clearance angle, and edge radius during the machining of single-crystal copper, and a set of tool parameters were obtained: [Formula: see text] rake angle, [Formula: see text] clearance angle, and 0 nm edge radius which could reduce surface damage and the required cutting force.
Popularity equilibrium: Testing a general theory of local campaign effectiveness
Authors: Fieldhouse Edward , Fisher Justin , Cutts David
Published: January 2019

Parties and candidates target campaign resources where they are most likely to pay electoral dividends. At the individual level it has been shown that some individuals are more likely to be persuaded by campaign contacts than others. In a parallel tradition of measuring campaign effectiveness at the macro level, previous research has demonstrated that local candidate campaign effort measured is significantly related to electoral performance. However, while there is evidence suggestive of macro level effects, there is little systematic evidence about the district level conditions under which campaign efforts are most productive. Drawing on extensive data across six UK general elections between 1992 and 2015, we advance a theory of local campaign efficacy and test a general model of popularity equilibrium. We demonstrate that there is a curvilinear relationship between the underlying level of party support in an electoral district and the intensity of the district-level campaign – there is a ‘sweet-spot’ for maximizing the returns of campaign effort.
Application of machine learning to predict obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity
Authors: Mencar Corrado , Gallo Crescenzio , Mantero Marco , Tarsia Paolo , Carpagnano Giovanna E , Foschino Barbaro Maria P , Lacedonia Donato
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome has become an important public health concern. Polysomnography is traditionally considered an established and effective diagnostic tool providing information on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and the degree of sleep fragmentation. However, the numerous steps in the polysomnography test to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are costly and time consuming. This study aimed to test the efficacy and clinical applicability of different machine learning methods based on demographic information and questionnaire data to predict obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity.

Materials and methods:

We collected data about demographic characteristics, spirometry values, gas exchange (PaO2, PaCO2) and symptoms (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, snoring, etc.) of 313 patients with previous diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. After principal component analysis, we selected 19 variables which were used for further preprocessing and to eventually train seven types of classification models and five types of regression models to evaluate the prediction ability of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity, represented either by class or by apnea–hypopnea index. All models are trained with an increasing number of features and the results are validated through stratified 10-fold cross validation.

Results:

Comparative results show the superiority of support vector machine and random forest models for classification, while support vector machine and linear regression are better suited to predict apnea–hypopnea index. Also, a limited number of features are enough to achieve the maximum predictive accuracy. The best average classification accuracy on test sets is 44.7 percent, with the same average sensitivity (recall). In only 5.7 percent of cases, a severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (class 4) is misclassified as mild (class 2). Regression results show a minimum achieved root mean squared error of 22.17.

Conclusion:

The problem of predicting apnea–hypopnea index or severity classes for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is very difficult when using only data collected prior to polysomnography test. The results achieved with the available data suggest the use of machine learning methods as tools for providing patients with a priority level for polysomnography test, but they still cannot be used for automated diagnosis.
Measures of fit impacts: Application to the causal model of consumer involvement
Authors: Rakotoasimbola Eric , Blili Sam
Published: January 2019

Using the Monte Carlo simulation method, this study analyzes the impacts on fit indices by the degree of nonnormality of variables, the sample size, and the choice of estimation method. To address these issues, we use the causal model of consumer involvement as elaborated by Mittal and Lee. Results of this study show that adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) and goodness of fit index (GFI) are subject to variation in sample size, and their use requires a sample size of at least 300 observations to be reliable. Comparative fit index (CFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RSMEA) are more reliable with the generalized least squares (GLS) compared with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method under different settings of sample size and degree of nonnormality. Finally, for the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), it is recommended that it is used with the MLE method. This study provides prescriptions for the choice of fit indices and the requirements of sample size and estimation method to test the causal model of consumer involvement. The method used here can be extended to any model before fitting it to real data. It helps researchers to prevent conflictual results regarding the choice of fit indices.
Digital fuzzy sliding-mode control for a linear parameter-varying air–fuel ratio system
Authors: Wu Hsiu-Ming , Tafreshi Reza
Published: January 2019

Air–fuel ratio is a key factor for the minimization of the harmful pollutant emissions and maximization of fuel economy. However, a big challenge for air–fuel ratio control is a large time-varying delay existing in spark ignition engines. In this article, a digital fuzzy sliding-mode controller is proposed to control a linear parameter-varying sampled-data air–fuel ratio system. First, the Pade first-order technique is utilized to approximate the time-varying delay. The resultant system—a linear parameter-varying continuous-time air–fuel ratio system with unstable internal dynamics—is then discretized to a linear parameter-varying sampled-data air–fuel ratio system appropriate for a discrete-time control approach. Based on the linear parameter-varying sampled-data air–fuel ratio system, a stable sliding surface with a desired tracking error dynamics is presented. Two input scaling factors and one output scaling factor are determined for the proposed digital fuzzy sliding-mode controller. Then, the fuzzy inference is executed through a look-up table to stabilize the sliding surface into a convex set, and then make the tracking error possess uniformly ultimately bounded performance. The overall system stability is verified by Lyapunov’s stability criteria. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate the feasibility, effectiveness, and robustness of the proposed control scheme under different operating conditions and show the superiority of the proposed approach performance compared to the baseline controller.
Dynamic response and damage analysis of steel box wall under internal blast loading
Authors: Zhang Duo , Yao Shujian , Lu Fangyun , Song Jiangjie , Ding Yuqing
Published: January 2019

Different loading conditions, different structural dimensions, or different structural materials will lead to different damage results. In this study, blast experiment of steel box model under internal explosion was conducted and the numerical methods are validated through comparison of experimental and numerical results. Then, a series of multi-box models were built, and a large number of numerical simulations considering two kinds of steel, different plate thickness ranging from 0.005 to 0.025 m, and different TNT explosive mass ranging from 5 to 2000 kg were carried out using the validated numerical methods. Two damage modes, convex damage and concave damage, were observed. The dynamic response and damage mechanism were analyzed, and the results show that the different damage modes of the first wall will lead to different damage results of the second wall. Through dimensional analysis, a two-dimensional dimensionless number for internal blast analysis was suggested. Clear physical meanings are conveyed in the dimensionless number. After that, prediction of the damage modes was studied using the proposed dimensionless number. A damage mode map was plotted based on the two-dimensional dimensionless number, and an empirical equation for rapid prediction of damage mode of steel box wall under internal blast loading is proposed.
A penalty-guided fractal search algorithm for reliability–redundancy allocation problems with cold-standby strategy
Authors: Juybari Mohammad N , Abouei Ardakan Mostafa , Davari-Ardakani Hamed
Published: January 2019

This article addresses the system reliability optimization problem as reliability–redundancy allocation problem, aiming to maximize the system reliability through a trade-off between redundancy levels and the reliability of the components. In this study, cold-standby strategy has been considered for the redundant components, and a population-based meta-heuristic algorithm, called stochastic fractal search, is applied to solve different benchmark problems. Using the proposed stochastic fractal search algorithm, all the benchmark problems are improved and new structures with higher reliability values have been found. The experimental results reveal the superiority of the proposed stochastic fractal search algorithm in terms of quality and robustness of the solutions in cold-standby redundancy case compared to all previous studies.
Major League Baseball and Racialized Masculinities in Korean Digital Media
Authors: Choi Yeomi
Published: January 2019

This study examines discursively produced racialized masculinities in today’s global era through mediated Korean-born sport celebrities playing in Major League Baseball. Resisting traditionally unknown, excluded, or falsely simplified Asian male subjects under a dominant White-centered Western gaze, this study aims to demonstrate relationally and mutationally constructed masculinities in complex cross-racial/ethnic interactions. Given that South Korea is a place in which gender, race, sexuality, and nationality are dynamically shaped by the country’s colonial history and national desire for a global visibility, I focused on this context and analyzed its media texts from online news articles and the following readers’ comments, considering the interactive features in today’s news consumption. As diverse morphologies among men of color demonstrated, this study contends that racial and gendered meanings are constructed according to particular conditions and connectivities; thus, there is no fixed hegemonic masculinity in men’s relations.
Gowns, globalization, and “global intimate mapping”: Geovisualizing Uganda’s wedding industry
Authors: Whitesell Dominica K , Faria Caroline V
Published: January 2019

In this article, we put critical geographic information systems (GIS) methods into conversation with feminist political and economic geographies, mapping the Ugandan wedding industry across the body, city, and the global. In doing so, we ground macro geopolitical and geoeconomic shifts in the lived experiences of women involved in the wedding industry, revealing some of the cross-scalar political economies of the trade. We develop a form of “global intimate mapping” to ask, empirically: how are new transnational trade networks reflected in the cityscape and the bodies of brides? And conceptually: what productive insight does feminist GIS offer for feminist political and economic geographies?
Synthetic glycopolymers and natural fucoidans cause human platelet aggregation via PEAR1 and GPIbα
Authors: Kardeby Caroline , Fälker Knut , Haining Elizabeth J. , Criel Maarten , Lindkvist Madelene , Barroso Ruben , Påhlsson Peter , Ljungberg Liza U. , Tengdelius Mattias , Rainger G. Ed , Watson Stephanie , Eble Johannes A. , Hoylaerts Marc F. , Emsley Jonas , Konradsson Peter , Watson Steve P. , Sun Yi , Grenegård Magnus
Published: January 2019

Fucoidans are sulfated fucose-based polysaccharides that activate platelets and have pro- and anticoagulant effects; thus, they may have therapeutic value. In the present study, we show that 2 synthetic sulfated α-l-fucoside-pendant glycopolymers (with average monomeric units of 13 and 329) and natural fucoidans activate human platelets through a Src- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–dependent and Syk-independent signaling cascade downstream of the platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1). Synthetic glycopolymers and natural fucoidan stimulate marked phosphorylation of PEAR1 and Akt, but not Syk. Platelet aggregation and Akt phosphorylation induced by natural fucoidan and synthetic glycopolymers are blocked by a monoclonal antibody to PEAR1. Direct binding of sulfated glycopolymers to epidermal like growth factor (EGF)–like repeat 13 of PEAR1 was shown by avidity-based extracellular protein interaction screen technology. In contrast, synthetic glycopolymers and natural fucoidans activate mouse platelets through a Src- and Syk-dependent pathway regulated by C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) with only a minor role for PEAR1. Mouse platelets lacking the extracellular domain of GPIbα and human platelets treated with GPIbα-blocking antibodies display a reduced aggregation response to synthetic glycopolymers. We found that synthetic sulfated glycopolymers bind directly to GPIbα, substantiating that GPIbα facilitates the interaction of synthetic glycopolymers with CLEC-2 or PEAR1. Our results establish PEAR1 as the major signaling receptor for natural fucose-based polysaccharides and synthetic glycopolymers in human, but not in mouse, platelets. Sulfated α-l-fucoside-pendant glycopolymers are unique tools for further investigation of the physiological role of PEAR1 in platelets and beyond.
Proceedings from the Ice Hockey Summit III: Action on Concussion
Authors: Smith Aynsley M. , Alford Patrick A. , Aubry Mark , Benson Brian , Black Amanda , Brooks Alison , Burke Charles , D’Arcy Ryan , Dodick David , Eaves Michael , Eickhoff Chad , Erredge Kristen , Farrell Kyle , Finnoff Jonathon , Fraser Douglas D. , Giza Christopher , Greenwald Richard M. , Hoshizaki Blaine , Huston John , Jorgensen Janelle , Joyner Michael , Krause David , LaVoi Nicole , Leaf Matthew , Leddy John , Margarucci Kevin , Margulies Susan , Mihalik Jason , Munce Thayne , Oeur Anna , Prideaux Cara , Roberts William O. , Shen Francis , Soma David , Tabrum Mark , Stuart Michael B. , Wethe Jennifer , Whitehead James R. , Wiese-Bjornstal Diane , Stuart Michael J.
Published: January 2019

The Ice Hockey Summit III provided updated scientific evidence on concussions in hockey to inform these five objectives: 1) describe sport-related concussion (SRC) epidemiology, 2) classify prevention strategies, 3) define objective, diagnostic tests, 4) identify treatment, and 5) integrate science and clinical care into prioritized action plans and policy. Our action plan evolved from 40 scientific presentations. The 155 attendees (physicians, athletic trainers, physical therapists, nurses, neuropsychologists, scientists, engineers, coaches, and officials) voted to prioritize these action items in the final Summit session. 1) Establish a national and international hockey data base for SRC at all levels, 2) eliminate body checking in Bantam youth hockey games, 3) expand a behavior modification program (Fair Play) to all youth hockey levels, 4) enforce game ejection penalties for fighting in Junior A and professional hockey leagues, 5) establish objective tests to diagnose concussion at point of care (POC), and 6) mandate baseline testing to improve concussion diagnosis for all age groups. Expedient implementation of the Summit III prioritized action items is necessary to reduce the risk, severity, and consequences of concussion in the sport of ice hockey.
Cerebral Blood Flow during Exercise in Heart Failure: Effect of Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: SMITH KURT J. , SUAREZ IGNACIO M. , SCHEER ANNA , CHASLAND LAUREN C. , THOMAS HANNAH J. , CORREIA MARILIA A. , DEMBO LAWRENCE G. , NAYLOR LOUISE H. , MAIORANA ANDREW J. , GREEN DANIEL J.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

In healthy individuals, cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases during exercise, but few studies have compared changes in CBF during exercise in patients with heart failure (HF) to healthy controls (CTRL) or assessed the effects of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). We hypothesized that subjects implanted with LVAD would exhibit impaired cerebrovascular responses to cycle exercise when compared with age- and sex-matched healthy CTRL subjects but would have enhanced responses relative to subjects with HF.

Methods

Internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow and intracranial middle (MCAv) and posterior cerebral (PCAv) artery velocities were measured continuously using Doppler ultrasound, alongside cardiorespiratory measures at rest and in response to an incremental submaximal cycle ergometer exercise protocol in nine LVAD participants (58 ± 15 yr, 87 ± 16 kg, 172 ± 8 cm, six females), nine age- and sex-matched subjects with HF (58 ± 8 yr, 84 ± 11 kg, 177 ± 6 cm), and nine CTRL (55 ± 14 yr, 74 ± 16 kg, 168 ± 10 cm).

Results

At rest, ICA hemodynamics (velocity, shear rate, and flow) were greater in CTRL and LVAD than that in HF (P < 0.05). Higher MCAv (+5.52 ± 1.59 cm·s−1, P = 0.003) and PCAv (+5.82 ± 1.41 cm·s−1, P = 0.001) were also observed in LVAD subjects than healthy CTRL. During exercise, ICA flow increased at all workloads in CTRL, but not in HF or LVAD groups. MCAv increased from baseline in both HF and CTRL participants (P = 0.0001), but not in LVAD subjects. Nonetheless, CTRL and LVAD showed higher MCAv (P = 0.006) and PCAv (P < 0.0001) values throughout exercise than HF.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that LVAD subjects exhibit higher CBF at rest and during exercise than matched HF participants but attenuated brain blood flows during exercise when compared with healthy subjects. CBF should be considered when designing exercise training interventions in patients with HF and LVAD.
Effectiveness of Fiscal Incentives for R&D: Quasi-experimental Evidence
Authors: Guceri Irem , Liu Li
Published: January 2019

We exploit a 2008 UK policy reform that increased the tax incentives for R&D in medium-sized enterprises relative to large ones, to overcome the endogeneity of exposure to such tax credits. We estimate a difference-in-difference design on the universe of corporation tax filings in the United Kingdom, combined with other datasets. We find a positive and significant impact of tax credits for R&D, implying a user-cost elasticity estimate of around −1.6. This magnitude implies around $1 in additional private R&D spending per dollar foregone in tax revenue. (JEL H25, H32, K34, L25, O32)
The Out-of-State Tuition Distortion
Authors: Knight Brian , Schiff Nathan
Published: January 2019

Public universities typically charge much higher tuition to nonresidents. We first investigate the welfare implications of this tuition gap in a simple model. While the social planner does not distinguish between residents and nonresidents, state governments nonresidents. The welfare gains from reducing the tuition gap can be characterized by a sufficient statistic relating out-of-state enrollment to the tuition gap. We estimate this sufficient statistic via a border discontinuity design using data on the geographic distribution of students by institution. (JEL H75, I22, I23)
The effect of red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on heat shock protein 70 and cortisol expression in strenuous exercise induced rats
Authors: Harahap Novita Sari , Lelo Aznan , Purba Ambrosius , Sibuea Awaluddin , Amelia Rina , Zulaini Zulaini
Published: January 2019

Background: Oxidative stress from exercise can contribute to damaging cells, increasing heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and suppressing the immune system in the body. This research aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of red-fleshed pitaya extract on HSP70 and cortisol expression in rats which were subjected to strenuous exercise.

Methods: The subjects of this research were 32 Sprague Dawley male rats, aged 3 months, with an average weight of 200 g. Red-fleshed pitaya extract was obtained from methanol extraction process; a maceration technique was performed and the extract was concentrated using an air-drying method. Rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 were subjected to strenuous exercise and treated with distilled water only; while Groups 2, 3 and 4 were subjected to strenuous exercise and treated with 100 mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight and 300 mg/kg body weight of red-fleshed pitaya extract, respectively. Strenuous exercises in rats was performed by intense swimming of 20 min/day, 3 days a week for 3 weeks. HSP70 expression and cortisol were measured with Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method.

Results: There was a significant reduction of HSP70 (p=0.000) and cortisol expression (p=0.000) between the groups. Also, there was a significant difference in the average decreasing of HSP70 expression between group 4 and either groups 1 or 2 (p=0.000). However, a significant difference between groups 4 and 3 was not observed (p=0.813). Lastly, a significant difference was found in the average decrease of cortisol expression between groups 4 and 1 (p=0.000), 2 (p=0.000), and 3 (p=0.000) respectively.

Conclusion: Red-fleshed pitaya is potential to be utilized as antioxidant to decrease the HSP70 and cortisol expression.
Towards a bridge over two approaches in connexive logic
Authors: Omori Hitoshi
Published: January 2019

The present note aims at bridging two approaches to connexive logic: one approach suggested by Heinrich Wansing, and another approach suggested by Paul Egré and Guy Politzer. To this end, a variant of FDE-based modal logic, developed by Sergei Odintsov and Heinrich Wansing, is introduced and some basic results including soundness and completeness results are established.
Performance Comparison of Machine Learning Platforms
Authors: Roy Asim , Qureshi Shiban , Pande Kartikeya , Nair Divitha , Gairola Kartik , Jain Pooja , Singh Suraj , Sharma Kirti , Jagadale Akshay , Lin Yi-Yang , Sharma Shashank , Gotety Ramya , Zhang Yuexin , Tang Ji , Mehta Tejas , Sindhanuru Hemanth , Okafor Nonso , Das Santak , Gopal Chidambara N. , Rudraraju Srinivasa B. , Kakarlapudi Avinash V.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we present a method for comparing and evaluating different collections of machine learning algorithms on the basis of a given performance measure (e.g., accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), F-score). Such a method can be used to compare standard machine learning platforms such as SAS, IBM SPSS, and Microsoft Azure ML. A recent trend in automation of machine learning is to exercise a collection of machine learning algorithms on a particular problem and then use the best performing algorithm. Thus, the proposed method can also be used to compare and evaluate different collections of algorithms for automation on a certain problem type and find the best collection. In the study reported here, we applied the method to compare six machine learning platforms – R, Python, SAS, IBM SPSS Modeler, Microsoft Azure ML, and Apache Spark ML. We compared the platforms on the basis of predictive performance on classification problems because a significant majority of the problems in machine learning are of that type. The general question that we addressed is the following: Are there platforms that are superior to others on some particular performance measure? For each platform, we used a collection of six classification algorithms from the following six families of algorithms – support vector machines, multilayer perceptrons, random forest (or variant), decision trees/gradient boosted trees, Naive Bayes/Bayesian networks, and logistic regression. We compared their performance on the basis of classification accuracy, F-score, and AUC. We used F-score and AUC measures to compare platforms on two-class problems only. For testing the platforms, we used a mix of data sets from (1) the University of California, Irvine (UCI) library, (2) the Kaggle competition library, and (3) high-dimensional gene expression problems. We performed some hyperparameter tuning on algorithms wherever possible.

The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0825 .
Solitary ulnar shortening osteotomy for malunion of distal radius fractures: experience of a centre in the UK and review of the literature
Authors: Hassan S , Shafafy R , Mohan A , Magnussen P
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Isolated ulnar shortening osteotomies can be used to treat ulnocarpal abutment secondary to radial shortening following distal radius fractures. Given the increase of fragility distal radius fractures awareness of treating the sequelae of distal radius fractures is important. We present the largest reported case series in the UK of ulnar shortening osteotomies for this indication.

Materials and methods

Twenty patients with previous distal radial fractures were included, who presented with wrist pain and radiologically evident positive ulnar variance secondary to malunion of the distal radius with no significant intercalated instability. Patients were treated with a short oblique ulnar shortening osteotomy, using a Stanley jig and small AO compression plate system. Pre- and postoperative radiographical measurements of inclination, dorsal/volar angulation and ulnar variance were made. Patients were scored pre- and postoperatively using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores by two orthopaedic surgeons. Mean follow-up was 24 months after surgery.

Results

Radiographical analysis revealed a change in the ulnar variance with an average reduction of 5.74 mm. Mean preoperative scores were 61.1 (range 25–95.5) for QuickDASH and 70.4 (range 33–92) for Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation. At the latest follow-up, mean postoperative QuickDASH scores were 10.6 (range 0–43.2) and 17.2 (range 0–44) for Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation. Differences in scores after surgery for both QuickDASH and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation were statistically significant (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

The ulnar shortening osteotomy is a relatively simple procedure compared with corrective radial osteotomy, with a lower complication profile. In our series, patients showed significant improvement in pain and function by correcting the ulnar variance thus preventing ulna–carpal impaction.
An analysis of a high-profile rape trial: the case of UK footballer Ched Evans
Authors: Royal Kathryn
Published: January 2019

This article uses a month’s worth of media coverage around the retrial for rape of Ched Evans, a Welsh footballer. Using guidelines published by the National Union of Journalists (NUJ) for reporting on violence against women, 204 articles were analysed, and coverage was found, overall, to be victim blaming in its approach, and damaging in its representation of sexual violence. While previous research has highlighted this (see, for example, Soothill and Walby, 1991), this article contributes to the existing literature and knowledge in this area by examining the coverage of a high-profile case, theorised to have more of an impact and pervasiveness in the lives of women who have experienced sexual violence, and by using specific guidelines available to journalists for reporting on violence against women.
Exploring the effect of different modes of ICT use on school performance including social background
Authors: Vincze Anikó
Published: January 2019

Nowadays the use of ICT, the Internet is indispensible in everyday life. We are supposed to go online for administration, working, entertainment and for learning as well. The different modes of use, whether for entertainment, recreation, or for learning or work, influence our position in the matrix of digital inequalities. Digital inequalities at the same time have an effect on educational inequalities. Therefore our paper focuses on the effect of ICT use for different purposes on school performance to reveal the correlation between digital inequalities and educational inequalities. Both types of inequalities are strongly influenced by social background. We intend to explain the relationship between these factors by showing the effect of ICT use on school performance when taking into consideration the socio-economic and cultural status. First we introduce the main theories and results from previous researches on the tie between on the one hand social background and academic achievement, on the other hand between social background and ICT use. Then we present the main outcomes of our analysis conducted on the Hungarian subsample of the latest PISA data from 2015. Finally conclusions are summarized and further research possibilities are suggested.
The impact of brand, sex, moment and distance of estimation on the speed perception of vehicles
Authors: Kósa István , Ambrus Zoltán , Zsigmond Csilla , Bálint Blanka , Ionescu Manuela Manon
Published: January 2019

Our research explores whether stereotypes influence estimations of the speed of a cheap vehicle and an expensive one viewed on film by participants. A second aim was to determine whether stereotyping could arise while completing a questionnaire. DAVIES (2009) demonstrated that no effect attributable to stereotyping could be detected among 18–21 year old participants’ contemporaneous estimates of two vehicle speed (the cheap Volkswagen Polo and the expensive BMW). In Experiment 1 we tested Davies’result among 14–18 year old school students. No interaction was found between any of the factors involved. The analysis also revealed that neither the main effects due to brand, nor the moment of estimation of the speed was significant. Furthermore, the main effect due to participants’ sex was not significant. In Experiment 2 we tested DAVIES’ same results (2009) among university students (N = 351), but with a different experimental arrangement. Participants estimated the speed of cars from two different distances. No interaction was detected between any of the factors – brand, distance, sex – involved. The analysis revealed that neither the main effects of the brand, nor the distance of the vehicle from the camcorder was significant. However, the effect of participants’sex wasfound to be significant: females’ overall speed estimate achieved a higher grade of accuracy.
Cooperation in conflict
Authors: Balogh Péter
Published: January 2019

Social embeddedness may ensure a facilitating context for cooperation and the opportunity of individual actors to harmonize their interests. In a corresponding social setting coalitions can be formed that have the potential to support goal-attainment. By outlining a brief theoretical frame we intend to apply the concept of social embeddedness and cooperation in the rather specific field of international conflicts. We introduce two case studies investigating the structure of the global coalition of the war on terrorism, and the long-term trends of terrorist attacks and the international cooperation network of terrorist organizations. Based on the results of the case studies we seek to shed some light empirically on the patterns and outcomes of cooperation and coalition building.
The Health of Older People in Switzerland
Authors: P Chastonay , D Weber , T Mattig , T Mattig
Published: January 2019

Over the past century, the proportion of Swiss residents aged 65 or older rose from 5.8% to 17.8%; during the same period, the proportion aged over 80 rose from 0.5% to 5.0%. Although the majority of older people in Switzerland enjoy good health, disease prevalence rises with age. Almost half (49%) of people over 65 living at home report at least one chronic illness. Among the 65- to 79-year-olds living at home, 25.2% suffer from several chronic diseases; among people in the 80s, this figure reaches 41.3%. People aged over 80 are also particularly at risk for falls (30%). In addition, between 15% and 25% of the elderly suffer from at least one mental illness. Close to 30% of healthcare costs are attributable to people over the age of 75, who make up only 8% of the total population.

Given the public health importance of the issue a health promotion project targeting the elderly – the VIA Project -, based on successful local programs, is being implemented throughout the country. The overall goal of the VIA project is to promote the health of older people and to strengthen their self-determination and independence.
Patients' Perceptions of Proton Pump Inhibitor Risks and Attempts at Discontinuation: A National Survey
Authors: Kurlander Jacob E. , Kennedy Jennifer K. , Rubenstein Joel H. , Richardson Caroline R. , Krein Sarah L. , De Vries Raymond , Saini Sameer D.
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Little is known about how reports on the adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) impact patients' perceptions of these drugs and medication use. We sought to determine patients' level of concern about PPI adverse effects and its association with attempts to discontinue these drugs.

METHODS:

This study is an online survey of US adults who use PPIs for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Topics included awareness of and concern about PPI adverse effects, prior discussion with providers, and attempts to stop PPI because of concern about adverse effects. For the primary analysis, we used logistic regression to identify associations between having attempted to stop PPI and concern about PPI-related adverse effects, a provider's recommendation to stop, risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), age, and gender.

RESULTS:

Among 755 patient participants, mean age was 49 years (s.d. 16), 71% were women, and 24% were at high risk of UGIB. Twenty percent of patients were able to write in ≥1 reported adverse effect, and 46% endorsed awareness of ≥1 adverse effect when presented with a list, most commonly chronic kidney disease (17%). Thirty-three percent of patients were slightly concerned, 32% somewhat concerned, and 14% extremely concerned about adverse effects. Twenty-four percent of patients had discussed PPI risks and benefits with a provider, and 9% had been recommended to stop. Thirty-nine percent had attempted to stop their PPI, most (83%) without a provider recommendation. Factors associated with an attempt at stopping PPI included: (i) provider recommendation to stop (odds ratio [OR] 3.26 [1.82–5.83]); (ii) concern about adverse effects (OR 5.13 [2.77–9.51] for slightly, 12.0 [6.51–22.2] for somewhat, and 19.4 [9.75–38.7] for extremely concerned); and (iii) female gender (OR 1.64 [1.12–2.39]). Patients at high risk of UGIB were as likely to have attempted to stop as others (OR 0.98 [0.66–1.44]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Concern about PPIs is common and strongly associated with attempts at discontinuation, even without a provider's recommendation. Notably, individuals at high risk of UGIB, who benefit from PPIs, were equally likely to have tried stopping PPIs as others. Providers should proactively discuss the risks and benefits of PPIs with their patients, who may otherwise make unwise decisions about PPI management on their own.
BAYESIAN INFERENCE OF HETEROGENEOUS VISCOPLASTIC MATERIAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Janouchová Eliška , Kučerová Anna
Published: January 2019

Modelling of heterogeneous materials based on randomness of model input parameters involves parameter identification which is focused on solving a stochastic inversion problem. It can be formulated as a search for probabilistic description of model parameters providing the distribution of the model response corresponding to the distribution of the observed data

In this contribution, a numerical model of kinematic and isotropic hardening for viscoplastic material is calibrated on a basis of experimental data from a cyclic loading test at a high temperature. Five material model parameters are identified in probabilistic setting. The core of the identification method is the Bayesian inference of uncertain statistical moments of a prescribed joint lognormal distribution of the parameters. At first, synthetic experimental data are used to verify the identification procedure, then the real experimental data are processed to calibrate the material model of copper alloy.
MICROSCOPIC AND PHASE ANALYSIS OF CEMENT PASTE CONTAINING WASTE MICRONIZED MARBLE POWDER
Authors: Prošek Zdeněk , Tesárek Pavel , Trejbal Jan
Published: January 2019

The article focuses on the impact of waste marble powder on resulting cement composites. We investigate of influence waste marble powder on the hydration process and hence the resulting phase composition. The hydration process was investigated using calorimetry and phase composition of the resulting composite by electron microscopy. The results are compared with a reference sample composed of Portland cement.
CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR TIMBER FRACTURE USED FOR FE SIMULATION OF LVL ARCH
Authors: Šmídová Eliška , Kabele Petr
Published: January 2019

Non-linear finite element simulation of four-point bending test of a small-size arch is described in this paper. The arch of 780mm span is made of Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and it is manufactured with a through crack parallel to fibers in the middle of its crown. 2D homogeneous orthotropic constitutive model of tensile and shear fracture in timber that has been recently developed and implemented into ATENA® element software by the authors is used for the numerical calculation. Both standard and compact tension (CT) test results are used for the material model calibration. Results show that the model successfully reproduces the increasing part of the load-displacement response. Furthermore, the model can capture the most distinctive features of the crack pattern.
IMAGE SYNTHESIS OF METAL FOAM MICRO-STRUCTURE WITH THE USE OF WANG TILES
Authors: Zrůbek Lukáš , Doškář Martin , Kučerová Anna , Meneses-Guzmán Marcela , Rodríguez-Méndez Francisco , Chiné Bruno
Published: January 2019

In this paper we present our recent work focused on the analysis of the abilities of Wang Tiles method and Automatic tile design method to synthesize the micro-structure of cellular materials, especially particular type of metal foam.

Wang Tiles method stores and compress the micro-structure in a set of Wang Tiles and by the means of stochastic tiling algorithms the planar domain is reconstructed. The used tiles are created by the Automatic tile design method from respective number of small specimens extracted from the original micro-structure image. As an additional step the central areas of automatically designed tiles are patched to suppress the influence of repeating tile edges (and relevant tile quarters) on inducing artifacts. In the presented analysis the performance of raw and patched tiles of different sizes in conjunction of various tile sets is investigated.
SURGICAL APPROACH TO POSTTRAUMATIC THORACIC KYPHOTIC DEFORMITY
Authors: Dulaev Aleksandr Kaisinovich , Nadulich Konstantin Alekseyevich , Vasilevich Sergey Viktorovich , Teremshonok Andrey Vasilyevich
Published: January 2019

Objective. To define the effective surgical management of posttraumatic kyphotic deformities in the thoracic spine basing on experimental biomechanical and clinical studies Material and Methods. Experimental biomechanical study was performed in 30 spine specimens. Anterior wedge osteotomy and fixation of a specimen in a kyphotic position modeled kyphotic deformity. Deformity correction with various instrumentation systems was firstly performed by maximal extension of segments adjacent to kyphosis-producing block, and carried on after crossing of intervertebral anatomical structures. Clinical study consisted in X-ray and instrumental examinations of 80 patients operated on for thoracic spine trauma. The magnitude of true posttraumatic deformity was defined as a difference between measured Cobb angle and mean physiological kyphosis value in the studied spine level. Results. Deformity rigidity, character of spine mobilization at the level of correction and size of posttraumatic deformity are the most significant factors determining the efficacy of thoracic posttraumatic kyphosis correction. The study resulted in defining rational approach to surgical correction of posttraumatic deformities in the thoracic spine. Conclusion. Minor kyphotic deformities in the thoracic spine are effectively corrected by instrumentation without mobilization of the spine. Large unfixed kyphosis sometimes requires anterior mobilization. Cases with rigid posttraumatic kyphotic deformity should be operated on with combined mobilization of the spine.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE CERVICAL SPINE FRACTURE-DISLOCATION WITH AUTOGRAFTS AND POROUS NITI IMPLANS
Authors: Shevtsov Vladimir Ivanovich , Khudyaev Aleksandr Timofeyevich , Lyulin Sergey Vladimirovich , Kovalenko Pavel Ivanovich
Published: January 2019

The problem of surgical treatment of the cervical spine fracture- dislocation is discussed. Twenty-three patients with this pathology at the age of 15 to 55 years were surgically treated. Patients underwent clinical, neurological, radiological, and physiological examinations. The abnormality degree of spinal cord conduction was assessed with the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale. Cervical spine surgical intervention technique consisted in decompressing and stabilizing procedures with autografts from a wing of the ilium, or with porous NiTi implants. The study resulted in conclusion that in case of acute fracturedislocation the anatomical integrity of the spine can be restored, vertebra-medullar conflict – eliminated, and the injured segment – reliably stabilized. In case of neglected fracture-dislocation the reduction of displaced vertebra is impossible. Spinal cord function recovery requires a removal of the compressing substrate and a stabilization of the spine. The fusion with porous NiTi implants allows to prevent the secondary displacement of vertebrae relatively each other due to autograft lysis and to reduce the operation time. The use of autograft is preferable in young patients and patients with individual metal intolerance.
IMMEDIATE RESULTS OF TREATMENT FOR PYOGENIC NONSPECIFIC SPINE DESEASE
Authors: Goncharov Mikhail Yuryevich , Sacovich Vladimir Petrovich , Danilov Evgeny Petrovich , Cherepanov A. V. , Volkov I. V. , Levchik Evgeny Yuryevich
Published: January 2019

Pyogenic nonspecific spine disease is of special interest to neurosurgeons because it often results in acute neurological deteriorations and requires a combination of adequate surgical and conservative treatment. A group of 81 patients with the clinical and radiological sings of pyogenic nonspecific spine infections was prospectively followed from 1999 to 2004. Time to diagnosis was less than 2 months in 62,96 % of patients. Patients without neurological deficit (n = 8; 9.88 %) were conservatively treated with immobilization and intravenous antibiotic drugs. Patients with complete or rapidly progressing neurological deficit, septicemia (n = 73; 90.12 %) underwent surgery. Good results were achieved in 42 (57,55 %) patients, satisfactory – in 16 (21,91 %) with minor neurologic deficit, unsatisfactory – in 14 (19,17 %) with severe neurological deficit. Severe septicemia and multiorgan failure developed in one patient who died of this disease. Conclusions: еarly diagnosis and surgical treatment is a technique of choice for treatment of patients with pyogenic nonspecific spine diseases.
SCHEUERMANN’S DISEASE MORPHOGENESIS
Authors: Zaidman Alla Mikhailovna , Korel Anastasia Viktorovna , Sakharov Andrey Valentinovich , Rusova Tatyana Vasilyevna , Rykova Valentina Ivanovna
Published: January 2019

Objective. To specify a morphogenetic pathogenesis of the Scheuermann’s disease. Material and Methods. Growth plates, intervertebral discs, vertebral body tissue (surgical material) from 25 patients of 12–14 years old with Scheuermann’s disease of Grade II–III were examined. In-depth morphohystochemical, biochemical, and ultrastructural analyses were used to study glycosaminoglycans, oxidation-reduction enzymes, alkaline and acid phosphatase, RNA, DNA, and qualitative and quantitative composition of glycosaminoglycans. Results. Pathogenetic mechanisms of Scheuermann’s disease development are presented basing of previously obtained data on genetic dependence of this pathology. The starter of the spine kyphotic deformity is a disturbance of proteoglycan molecule synthesis and conformation in ventral growth plates of vertebral bodies. The structural change in proteoglycans, which perform barrier-trophic, informational, and antiinvasive functions results in a decreased mitotic and proliferative activity of chondroblasts. The spine kyphotic deformity develops in association with an active osteogenesis.