bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tying Up a Loose End: On the Role of the C‐Terminal CCHHRAG Fragment of the Metalloregulator CueR
Authors: Balogh Ria K. , Gyurcsik Béla , Jensen Mikael , Thulstrup Peter W. , Köster Ulli , Christensen Niels Johan , Jensen Marianne L. , Hunyadi‐Gulyás Éva , Hemmingsen Lars , Jancsó Attila
Published: June 2022

The transcriptional regulator CueR is activated by the binding of CuI, AgI, or AuI to two cysteinates in a near‐linear fashion. The C‐terminal CCHHRAG sequence in Escherichia coli CueR present potential additional metal binding ligands and here we explore the effect of deleting this fragment on the binding of AgI to CueR. CD spectroscopic and ESI‐MS data indicate that the high AgI‐binding affinity of WT‐CueR is significantly reduced in Δ7C‐CueR.[111 Ag PAC spectroscopy demonstrates that the WT‐CueR metal site structure (AgS2) is conserved, but less populated in the truncated variant. Thus, the function of the C‐terminal fragment may be to stabilize the two‐coordinate metal site for cognate monovalent metal ions. In a broader perspective this is an example of residues beyond the second coordination sphere affecting metal site physicochemical properties while leaving the structure unperturbed.
Purification of Residual Ni and Co Hydroxides from Fe‐Free Alkaline Electrolyte for Electrocatalysis Studies
Authors: Liu Lu , Twight Liam P. , Fehrs Jessica L. , Ou Yingqing , Sun Deen , Boettcher Shannon W.
Published: June 2022

It is critical to control Fe impurity concentrations in oxygen‐evolution‐reaction electrocatalysis experiments so that unambiguous assignments of activity and mechanistic details can be made. An established method to prepare Fe‐free KOH electrolyte is by using particulate Ni(OH)2 or Co(OH)2 as absorbents to remove the Fe from KOH or other neutral‐to‐alkaline electrolytes. However, this method yields residual Ni or Co species in the electrolyte which can be redeposited on the working electrode. Thus, current methods of Fe removal could convolute studies of OER. In this work, we compared two different methods, continuous electrolysis and nano‐filtration, to remove the Ni and/or Co species from Fe‐free alkaline electrolyte. We found the best approach is to pass the Fe‐free electrolyte through a hydrophilic 0.1 μm polyethersulfone filter which decreases the Ni species concentration in 1 M KOH to single ppb levels. This result suggests the remaining Ni or Co species are primarily particulate in nature, consistent with their small solubility as ions. In comparison, extended pre‐electrolysis of the electrolyte removed only a portion of the Ni/Co.
Surface Engineering of Conjugated Polybenzothiadiazoles and Integration with Cobalt Oxides for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Xiao Xinghuo , Wang Wenyan , Wang Jiali , Yang Can , Zhang Guigang , Lang Xianjun
Published: June 2022

Conjugated polymers feature promising structure and properties for photocatalytic water splitting. Herein, a hydrolysis strategy was demonstrated to rationally modulate the surface hydrophilicity and band structures of conjugated poly‐benzothiadiazoles. High hydrophilicity not only enhances the dispersions of polymeric solids in an aqueous solution but also reduces the absorption energy of water molecules. Besides, both theoretical and experimental results reveal that a more positive valence band potential is generated, which contributes to enhancing the photocatalytic water oxidation performance. Accordingly, the surface‐modified conjugated polymers show largely promoted photocatalytic water oxidation activities by deposition of cobalt oxides as cocatalysts.
Real‐life data on treatment and outcomes in advanced ovarian cancer: An observational, multinational cohort study (RESPONSE trial)
Authors: Marth Christian , Abreu Miguel Henriques , Andersen Klaus Kaae , Aro Karoliina M. , de Lurdes Batarda Maria , Boll Dorry , Ekmann‐Gade Anne Weng , Haltia Ulla‐Maija , Hansen Jesper , Haug Ala Jabri , Høgdall Claus , Korach Jacob , Lassus Heini , Lindemann Kristina , Van Nieuwenhuysen Els , Ottevanger Petronella B. , Polterauer Stephan , Schnack Tine Henrichsen
Published: June 2022

Background

This study aimed to describe the treatment strategies and outcomes for women with newly diagnosed advanced high‐grade serous or endometrioid ovarian cancer (OC).

Methods

This observational study collected real‐world medical record data from eight Western countries on the diagnostic workup, clinical outcomes, and treatment of adult women with newly diagnosed advanced (Stage III–IV) high‐grade serous or endometrioid OC. Patients were selected backward in time from April 1, 2018 (the index date), with a target of 120 patients set per country, followed for ≥20 months.

Results

Of the 1119 women included, 66.9% had Stage III disease, 11.7% had a deleterious BRCA mutation, and 26.6% received bevacizumab; 40.8% and 39.3% underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) and interval debulking surgery (IDS), respectively. Of the patients who underwent PDS, 55.5% had no visible residual disease (VRD); 63.9% of the IDS patients had no VRD. According to physician‐assessed responses (at the first assessment after diagnosis and treatment), 53.2% of the total population had a complete response and 25.7% had a partial response to first‐line chemotherapy after surgery. After ≥20 months of follow‐up, 32.9% of the patients were disease‐free, 46.4% had progressive disease, and 20.6% had died. Bevacizumab use had a significant positive effect on overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42–0.91; p = .01). A deleterious BRCA status had a significant positive effect on progression‐free survival (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41–0.84; p < .01).

Conclusions

Women with advanced high‐grade serous or endometrioid OC have a poor prognosis. Bevacizumab use and a deleterious BRCA status were found to improve survival in this real‐world population.

Lay summary

Patients with advanced (Stage III or IV) ovarian cancer (OC) have a poor prognosis.

The standard treatment options of surgery and chemotherapy extend life beyond diagnosis for 5 years or more in only approximately 45% of patients.

This study was aimed at describing the standard of care in eight Western countries and estimating how many patients who are diagnosed with high‐grade serous or endometrioid OC could potentially be eligible for first‐line poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) maintenance therapy.

The results highlight the poor prognosis for these patients and suggest that a significant proportion (79%) would potentially be eligible for first‐line PARPi maintenance treatment.
A multi‐institutional prediction model to estimate the risk of recurrence and mortality after mastectomy for T1‐2N1 breast cancer
Authors: Sittenfeld Sarah M. C. , Zabor Emily C. , Hamilton Sarah N. , Kuerer Henry M. , El‐Tamer Mahmoud , Naoum George E. , Truong Pauline T. , Nichol Alan , Smith Benjamin D. , Woodward Wendy A. , Moo Tracy‐Ann , Powell Simon N. , Shah Chirag S. , Taghian Alphonse G. , Abu‐Gheida Ibrahim , Tendulkar Rahul D.
Published: June 2022

Background

Post‐mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in women with pathologic stage T1‐2N1M0 breast cancer is controversial.

Methods

Data from five North American institutions including women undergoing mastectomy without neoadjuvant therapy with pT1‐2N1M0 breast cancer treated from 2006 to 2015 were pooled for analysis. Competing‐risks regression was performed to identify factors associated with locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis (DM), overall recurrence (OR), and breast cancer mortality (BCM).

Results

A total of 3532 patients were included for analysis with a median follow‐up time among survivors of 6.8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 4.5–9.5 years). The 2154 (61%) patients who received PMRT had significantly more adverse risk factors than those patients not receiving PMRT: younger age, larger tumors, more positive lymph nodes, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular extension, and positive margins (p < .05 for all). On competing risk regression analysis, receipt of PMRT was significantly associated with a decreased risk of LRR (hazard ratio [HR], 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.31; p < .001) and OR (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.62–0.94; p = .011). Model performance metrics for each end point showed good discrimination and calibration. An online prediction model to estimate predicted risks for each outcome based on individual patient and tumor characteristics was created from the model.

Conclusions

In a large multi‐institutional cohort of patients, PMRT for T1‐2N1 breast cancer was associated with a significant reduction in locoregional and overall recurrence after accounting for known prognostic factors. An online calculator was developed to aid in personalized decision‐making regarding PMRT in this population.
TiO2 Hollow Nanofiber/Polyaniline Nanocomposites for Ammonia Detection at Room Temperature
Authors: Conti Patrick P. , dos Santos Danilo M. , Goldthorpe Irene A. , Correa Daniel S.
Published: June 2022

Ammonia (NH3) detection has gained considerable attention in agricultural and environmental monitoring, chemical and pharmaceutical processing, and disease diagnosis, which requires the development of sensors with high sensitivity. Herein, we propose a novel gas sensor based on nanocomposites of TiO2 hollow nanofibers and polyaniline (PANI) for the sensitive detection of ammonia at room temperature. TiO2 nanostructures in anatase phase were prepared by the combination of coaxial electrospinning and calcination treatment. The resulting material was mixed with PANI and deposited onto gold interdigitated electrodes (IDEs). The hybrid platforms exhibited superior sensing performance compared to the platform based on their individual phases, which is ascribed to a synergistic effect from p‐n heterojunction formation. Specifically, the platforms based on TiO2/PANI nanocomposite showed a fast response towards NH3 (e. g., 55 s at 10 ppm) at room temperature (25 °C). Additionally, the platform demonstrated the ability to detect NH3 at low concentrations (10–30 ppm) and a detection mechanism was proposed to explain the results. Overall, these results show the promise of electrospun TiO2 hollow nanofibers/PANI composites for the development of high‐performance room temperature ammonia sensors.
Solid‐State Characterization of Acetylpyridine Copper Complexes for the Activation of H2O2 in Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Crespi Ayelén F. , Zomero Paula N. , Sánchez Verónica M. , Pérez Ana L. , Brondino Carlos D. , Vega Daniel , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , Lázaro‐Martínez Juan M.
Published: June 2022

This work describes the synthesis of 4‐(4‐AcPy) and 3‐acetylpyridine (3‐AcPy) copper soluble complexes for the activation of hydrogen peroxide and the concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Given the paramagnetic effects of copper ions in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) lines, we aimed at demonstrating that the combination of high‐resolution 2D solid‐state NMR experiments, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations allows a detailed study of the chemical structure of the ligands and the surrounding metal ions. The copper complexes synthesized with CuCl2 were useful for the activation of H2O2 during which the only ROS was the hydroxyl one, as demonstrated by EPR experiments. A removal of methyl orange (MO) azo‐dye higher than 85 % was achieved in 200 minutes, combining 1.7 mM of copper complexes with 60 mM of H2O2 and 40 μM of MO.
Enhanced Basicity of MnOx‐Supported Ru for the Selective Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Pal Priyanka , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel
Published: June 2022

The present study focused on developing a stable basic MnOx support for Ru (RuMn) for the efficient oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) in water in the absence of an external base. A series of MnOx supports, synthesized via hydrothermal approach using urea as precipitant, was prepared by thermal treatment at various temperatures (300–800 °C) before doping with Ru. The RuMn‐2 (1 wt % Ru, MnOx calcined at 400 °C) possessed a large number of basic sites (1.72 mmol g−1) based on CO2temperature‐programmed desorption analysis, affording an FDCA yield of 87 % with a turnover frequency of 22 h−1. Transmission electron microscopy energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy elemental mapping of RuMn‐2 showed a high dispersion of Ru over the surface of MnOx, contributing to the efficient HMF oxidation. Moreover, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and H2temperature‐programmed reduction indicated that the predominant MnO2phase (ϵ‐MnO2) played a vital role in HMF oxidation. RuMn‐2 was recyclable for up to four runs without significant loss in the activity and retained its structural integrity.
Metal‐Catalyzed, Photo‐Assisted Selective Transformation of Tertiary Alkylbenzenes and Polystyrenes into Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Urgoitia Garazi , Herrero María Teresa , SanMartin Raul
Published: June 2022

Every year, thousands of tons of polystyrene are produced and discarded, filling landfills and polluting the marine environment. Although several degradation alternatives have been proposed, the need for an effective procedure for the chemical recycling of polystyrene still remains. Here, a vanadium‐catalyzed reaction, assisted by visible light, promoted the direct, selective conversion of tertiary alkylbenzenes into acetophenone and other ketone derivatives. Likewise, standard polystyrene samples as well as polystyrenes from insulation and packaging waste could be chemically recycled into acetophenone in a scalable way regardless of their molecular weight, polydispersity, or form. Preliminary mechanistic investigations revealed the participation of singlet oxygen, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical species in this homogenously catalyzed process. Acetophenone could be used as an additive to accelerate the reaction and to increase the yields in some cases.
Chemical analysis of selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents and in vitro toxicological evaluation of leading flavoured e‐cigarette aerosols in the Chinese market
Authors: Xu Te , Niu Zhen‐Yu , Xu Jing , Li Xin‐Duo , Luo Quan , Luo An , Huang Yi‐Lan , Jiang Xing‐Tao , Wu Ze‐Hong
Published: June 2022

Use of electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) has increased significantly over the past decade due to consumer perception that these products represent a less risky alternative to combustible cigarettes. E‐liquids generally contain a simple mix of vegetable glycerin, propylene glycerol, nicotine, organic acids, and flavourings. Regulators require that harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) that might cause harm to the consumer must be monitored in the aerosol generated by e‐cigarettes and in cigarette smoke (CS). To quantify HPHCs in aerosols from commercial flavoured e‐cigarettes in Chinese market, this study has systematically compared levels of HPHCs, including eight carbonyls, five volatile organic compounds, four tobacco‐specific nitrosamines, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and seven heavy metals, in the aerosols of four market‐leading flavoured e‐cigarettes and mainstream CS, alongside in vitro cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays. The vast majority of HPHCs were either undetected or significantly lower in the e‐cigarette aerosols than in commercial CS or reference CS (3R4F). Where HPHCs were detected, there were small variations among the different flavoured e‐cigarettes. In the neutral red uptake and Ames assays, aqueous extracts of the e‐cigarette aerosols did not induce obvious cytotoxicity or mutagenicity, whereas CS aqueous extract showed dose‐related cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. Collectively, these results indicate that use of e‐cigarettes might potentially lead to a significant reduction in exposure to harmful substances, with fewer cytotoxic and mutagenic effects, as compared with conventional smoking. Further studies based on human puffing conditions and longer evaluation periods will be needed to substantiate this potential.
Post‐association barrier to host switching maintained despite strong selection in a novel mutualism
Authors: Dinges Zoe M. , Phillips Raelyn K. , Lively Curtis M. , Bashey Farrah
Published: June 2022

Following a host shift, repeated co‐passaging of a mutualistic pair is expected to increase fitness over time in one or both species. Without adaptation, a novel association may be evolutionarily short‐lived as it is likely to be outcompeted by native pairings. Here, we test whether experimental evolution can rescue a low‐fitness novel pairing between two sympatric species ofSteinernemanematodes and their symbioticXenorhabdusbacteria. Despite low mean fitness in the novel association, considerable variation in nematode reproduction was observed across replicate populations. We selected the most productive infections, co‐passaging this novel mutualism nine times to determine whether selection could improve the fitness of either or both partners. We found that neither partner showed increased fitness over time. Our results suggest that the variation in association success was not heritable and that mutational input was insufficient to allow evolution to facilitate this host shift. Thus, post‐association costs of host switching may represent a formidable barrier to novel partnerships among sympatric mutualists.
Partitioning of beta‐diversity reveals distinct assembly mechanisms of plant and soil microbial communities in response to nitrogen enrichment
Authors: Liu Weixing , Yang Xian , Jiang Lin , Guo Lulu , Chen Yaru , Yang Sen , Liu Lingli
Published: June 2022

Nitrogen (N) deposition poses a serious threat to terrestrial biodiversity and alters plant and soil microbial community composition. Species turnover and nestedness reflect the underlying mechanisms of variations in community composition. However, it remains unclear how species turnover and nestedness contribute to different responses of taxonomic groups (plants and soil microbes) to N enrichment. Here, based on a 13‐year consecutive multi‐level N addition experiment in a semiarid steppe, we partitioned community β‐diversity into species turnover and nestedness components and explored how and why plant and microbial communities reorganize via these two processes following N enrichment. We found that plant, soil bacterial, and fungal β‐diversity increased, but their two components showed different patterns with increasing N input. Plant β‐diversity was mainly driven by species turnover under lower N input but by nestedness under higher N input, which may be due to a reduction in forb species, with low tolerance to soil Mn2+, with increasing N input. However, turnover was the main contributor to differences in soil bacterial and fungal communities with increasing N input, indicating the phenomenon of microbial taxa replacement. The turnover of bacteria increased greatly whereas that of fungi remained within a narrow range with increasing N input. We further found that the increased soil Mn2+ concentration was the best predictor for increasing nestedness of plant communities under higher N input, whereas increasing N availability and acidification together contributed to the turnover of bacterial communities. However, environmental factors could explain neither fungal turnover nor nestedness. Our findings reflect two different pathways of community changes in plants, soil bacteria, and fungi, as well as their distinct community assembly in response to N enrichment. Disentangling the turnover and nestedness of plant and microbial β‐diversity would have important implications for understanding plant–soil microbe interactions and seeking conservation strategies for maintaining regional diversity.
Impaired renal function and mortalities in acute heart failure with different phenotypes
Authors: Huang Wei‐Ming , Chang Hao‐Chih , Lee Ching‐Wei , Huang Chi‐Jung , Yu Wen‐Chung , Cheng Hao‐Min , Guo Chao‐Yu , Chiang Chern‐En , Chen Chen‐Huan , Sung Shih‐Hsien
Published: June 2022

Aims

Impaired renal function (IRF) prevails in patients with acute heart failure. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of on‐admission IRF and its association with short‐term and long‐term mortalities in patients hospitalized for HF with reduced (HFrEF), mildly reduced (HFmrEF), and preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods

Patients hospitalized for acute heart failure were enrolled and stratified by LVEF into three phenotypes as HFpEF (≥50%), HFmrEF (40–49%), and HFrEF (<40%). IRF was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≤60 mL/min/1.73m2 on admission. National Death Registry was linked for the identification of mortality.

Results

Of 2613 patients enrolled, 673 (25.7%) had HFrEF, 367 (14.0%) had HFmrEF, and 1573 (60.1%) had HFpEF, whereas IRF was prevalent among 63.7, 68.6, and 67.5% of them, respectively. IRF significantly correlated with higher long‐term mortality in each phenotype of HF. However, IRF was associated with 90‐day and 1‐year mortality in subjects with HFrEF and HFmrEF, but not HFpEF. After accounting for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, stroke, serum sodium, de novo heart failure, date of enrolment, and systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or use of inotropic agents, IRF remained related to 5‐year mortality in patients with HFrEF (hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.346, 1.034–1.751), HFmrEF (2.210, 1.435–3.404), and HFpEF (1.493, 1.237–1.801).

Conclusions

On‐admission IRF was independently predictive of long‐term mortality in patients hospitalized for HF, irrespective of HF phenotypes. Furthermore, IRF was also associated with short‐term mortality in HFrEF and HFmrEF, but not in HFpEF.
Baroreflex activation therapy with the Barostim™ device in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a patient level meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Coats Andrew J.S. , Abraham William T. , Zile Michael R. , Lindenfeld Joann A. , Weaver Fred A. , Fudim Marat , Bauersachs Johann , Duval Sue , Galle Elizabeth , Zannad Faiez
Published: June 2022

Aims

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains associated with high morbidity and mortality, poor quality of life (QoL) and significant exercise limitation. Sympatho‐vagal imbalance has been shown to predict adverse prognosis and symptoms in HFrEF, yet it has not been specifically targeted by any guideline‐recommended device therapy to date. Barostim™, which directly addresses this imbalance, is the first Food and Drug Administration approved neuromodulation technology for HFrEF. We aimed to analyse all randomized trial evidence to evaluate the effect of baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) on heart failure symptoms, QoL and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in HFrEF.

Methods and results

An individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analysis was performed on all eligible trials that randomized HFrEF patients to BAT + guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) or GDMT alone (open label). Endpoints included 6‐month changes in 6‐min hall walk (6MHW) distance, Minnesota Living With Heart Failure (MLWHF) QoL score, NT‐proBNP, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class in all patients and three subgroups. A total of 554 randomized patients were included. In all patients, BAT provided significant improvement in 6MHW distance of 49 m (95% confidence interval [CI] 33, 64), MLWHF QoL of −13 points (95% CI −17, −10), and 3.4 higher odds of improving at least one NYHA class (95% CI 2.3, 4.9) when comparing from baseline to 6 months. These improvements were similar, or better, in patients who had baseline NT‐proBNP <1600 pg/ml, regardless of the cardiac resynchronization therapy indication status.

Conclusion

An IPD meta‐analysis suggests that BAT improves exercise capacity, NYHA class, and QoL in HFrEF patients receiving GDMT. These clinically meaningful improvements were consistent across the range of patients studies. BAT was also associated with an improvement in NT‐proBNP in subjects with a lower baseline NT‐proBNP.
Early changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate post‐initiation of empagliflozin in EMPEROR‐Reduced
Authors: Zannad Faiez , Ferreira João Pedro , Gregson John , Kraus Bettina Johanna , Mattheus Michaela , Hauske Sibylle Jenny , Butler Javed , Filippatos Gerasimos , Wanner Christoph , Anker Stefan D. , Pocock Stuart J. , Packer Milton ,   for the EMPEROR‐Reduced Trial Committees and Investigators
Published: June 2022

Aims

Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) may induce an early post‐initiation decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which does not impact the SGLT2i benefits. The occurrence, characteristics, determinants, and clinical significance of an initial eGFR change among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction require further study. In this study we aimed to describe eGFR change from randomization to week 4 (as percent of change relative to randomization) and assess its impact in EMPEROR‐Reduced.

Methods and results

Landmark analyses (week 4) were performed. eGFR change was available in 3547 patients out of 3730 (95%). The tertiles of post‐initiation % eGFR change for empagliflozin were: tertile 1 (T1) ≤−11.4%; T2 ≥−11.4% to ≤−1.0% and T3 ≥0.0%. The placebo group tertiles were: T1 ≤−6.5%; T2 ≥−6.4% to ≤+3.6%; and T3 ≥+3.6%. On average, empagliflozin induced a leftward distributional shift of initial eGFR changes of −2.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 versus placebo. In the empagliflozin group, after covariate adjustment, the risk of cardiovascular and renal outcomes did not differ between patients in whom early post‐treatment initiation eGFR decreased (T1) and patients in whom it increased (T3). However, in the placebo group, patients in whom early post‐treatment initiation eGFR decreased (T1) had a higher risk of sustained worsening kidney function and all‐cause mortality compared to patients in whom eGFR increased (T3) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–4.55 and HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.85, respectively).

Conclusion

A mild eGFR decrease may be expected after the initiation of empagliflozin, and it is not associated with untoward heart failure, mortality, or kidney safety events. Clinicians should not be concerned with early eGFR changes post‐initiation of empagliflozin.
Design, Synthesis, and Analytical Evaluation of Fsp3‐Inspired Raman Probes for Cellular Imaging
Authors: Steven Craig F. , Lee Martin , Nichol Gary S. , Davey Paul R. J. , Chiarparin Elisabetta , Brunton Valerie G. , Hulme Alison N.
Published: June 2022

The fraction of sp3‐hybdrised carbons (Fsp3) in drug candidates and other biologically relevant compounds has been proposed to be an important physicochemical consideration within medicinal chemistry. Currently available small‐molecule probes for Raman imaging are not optimised for biological applications. We sought to improve upon the highly Raman‐active, yet rigid, lipophilic, and aggregative, bisarylbutadiyne (BADY) motif by introducing Fsp3 character. BADY analogues were designed, efficiently synthesised, and analysed by mass spectrometry – revealing a statistical correlation between compound aggregation and cLogP, but no correlation with Fsp3. However, X‐ray crystallography demonstrated that the modifications to the BADY structure had a marked effect on crystal packing, suggesting Fsp3 may still be important in reducing intermolecular stacking, and thus aggregation, of BADY. Cellular imaging by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy allowed comparison of the intracellular distribution of the tags, guiding the design of future Raman probes.
Service of rapid magnetic variations, an update
Authors: Curto Juan José , Segarra Antoni , Altadill David , Chambodut Aude
Published: June 2022

Rapid magnetic variations on Earth are intimately linked with solar activity and this is one of the main topics in Space Weather research. Modelling and forecasting these phenomena are vital in our technological society. The Service of Rapid Magnetic Variations provides lists of these remarkable magnetic events in a continuous way in what constitutes a long geophysical series that began in the late 19th century. Although the aim of this Service remains unchanged, methods have changed with time. Here, we describe the recent evolution of the Service, its database and the latest works carried out to improve the products delivered to the scientific society.
The heterogeneity of lithofacies types, combination modes, and sedimentary model of lacustrine shale restricted by high‐frequency sequence
Authors: Sun Biao , Liu Xiaoping , Liu Jie , Wang Gaocheng , Shu Honglin , Luo Yufeng , Liu Tian , Hua Zuxian
Published: June 2022

The second Member of the Funing Formation in the Haian Sag of the Subei Basin is a set of organic‐rich fine‐grained sedimentary rocks, which is a key interval for shale oil exploration. Under the premise of establishing a high‐frequency sequence framework, the fine description of the lithofacies change characteristics of the continental fine‐grained sedimentary rocks is the basis for the prediction of shale oil favourable areas and the optimization of the production horizons. This study is established through wavelet transformation of the natural gamma curve of the high‐frequency sequence framework of the second Member of the Funing Formation, using thin‐section observation, total organic carbon analysis, and X‐ray diffraction experiments to study the lithofacies types and characteristics of fine‐grained sedimentary rocks, and discuss the combination of lithofacies under the high‐frequency sequence framework Mode and influencing factors. The results show that the second Member of Funing Formation is composed of three‐level sequence of low‐level system tract (LST), transgressive system tract (TST), and early high‐level system tract (EHST), corresponding to 6 fourth‐level sequences and 10 fifth‐level sequences. According to the division scheme of “abundance of organic matter + mineral composition + sedimentary structure”, it is found that 12 types of lithofacies were developed in the fine‐grained sedimentary rocks of the second Member of Funing Formation. The lithofacies type is affected by the palaeoenvironment. The organic matter facies are mainly controlled by palaeo‐water depth and palaeo‐redox conditions, the components are mainly controlled by palaeo‐water depth and palaeo‐salinity, and the tectonic facies are mainly controlled by palaeo‐redox and palaeo‐salinity. The lithofacies are regularly superimposed in the high‐frequency sequence framework, and three combination modes of A, B, and C are developed. Among them, the type A lithofacies are developed in the low‐stand system tract, and the type B lithofacies are developed in the transgressive system. The C‐type lithofacies assemblage developed near the largest flooding surface and the early highstand system tract, and combined with palaeoenvironment analysis to establish a lithofacies sedimentary model.
Active role of glia‐like supporting cells in the organ of Corti: Membrane proteins and their roles in hearing
Authors: Jang Minwoo Wendy , Lim Jiwoon , Park Mingu Gordon , Lee Jae‐Hun , Lee C. Justin
Published: June 2022

The organ of Corti, located in the cochlea in the inner ear, is one of the major sensory organs involved in hearing. The organ of Corti consists of hair cells, glia‐like supporting cells, and the cochlear nerve, which work in harmony to receive sound from the outer ear and transmit auditory signals to the cochlear nucleus in the auditory ascending pathway. In this process, maintenance of the endocochlear potential, with a high potassium gradient and clearance of electrolytes and biochemicals in the inner ear, is critical for normal sound transduction. There is an emerging need for a thorough understanding of each cell type involved in this process to understand the sophisticated mechanisms of the organ of Corti. Hair cells have long been thought to be active, playing a primary role in the cochlea in actively detecting and transmitting signals. In contrast, supporting cells are thought to be silent and function to support hair cells. However, growing lines of evidence regarding the membrane proteins that mediate ionic movement in supporting cells have demonstrated that supporting cells are not silent, but actively play important roles in normal signal transduction. In this review, we summarize studies that characterize diverse membrane proteins according to the supporting cell subtypes involved in cochlear physiology and hearing. This review contributes to a better understanding of supporting cell functions and facilitates the development of potential therapeutic tools for hearing loss.
Rearticulating “cultural navigators”: An equity‐minded framework for student success
Authors: Strayhorn Terrell L.
Published: June 2022

Student success is a major goal of policies and programs in higher education. Nearly all institutions have developed new or revised existing programs and services in hopes of boosting retention and graduation rates. To date, scholars have posited several student success models. While useful, these are not without critique, especially in light of recent critical scholarship about equity, identity, and intersectionality that exposes faulty institutional logics rendering some as “outsiders” and others as bona fide members traversing new culture. In this chapter, the author draws upon his sense of belonging theory to rearticulate “cultural navigators” as an equity‐minded framework for student success. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are delineated.
A socio‐ecological perspective on sense of belonging among racially/ethnically minoritized college students: Implications for equity‐minded practice and policy
Authors: Johnson Royel M.
Published: June 2022

In this chapter, I offer a socio‐ecological perspective on sense of belonging, which is designed to aid institutional actors in facilitating equitable opportunities for racially and ethnically minoritized students to fulfill their belonging needs. Though important, individual, and relational‐level interventions alone run the risk of pathologizing racially and ethnically minoritized students (REM), prioritizing student‐level changes over changes in institutional structures and policies. A socio‐ecological perspective, however, broadens the aperture to account for organizational phenomena that conspire in the othering of institutionally marginalized groups. I delineate three ecological levels for equity‐minded leaders to consider in their efforts to promote student belonging: individual, interpersonal, and institutional.
African American race as a risk factor associated with a second primary lung cancer after initial primary head and neck cancer
Authors: Shao Yusra F. , Kim Seongho , Cramer John D. , Farhat Dina , Hotaling Jeffrey , Raza Syed Naweed , Yoo George , Lin Ho‐sheng , Kim Harold , Sukari Ammar , Nagasaka Misako
Published: June 2022

Background

Initial primary head and neck cancer (IPHNC) is associated with second primary lung cancer (SPLC). We studied this association in a population with a high proportion of African American (AA) patients.

Methods

Patients with IPHNC and SPLC treated between 2000 and 2017 were reviewed for demographic, disease, and treatment‐related characteristics and compared to age‐and‐stage‐matched controls without SPLC. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to analyze the relationship of these characteristics with the development of SPLC and overall survival (OS).

Results

Eighty‐seven patients and controls were compared respectively. AA race was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing SPLC (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.35–6.66). After correcting for immortal time bias, patients with SPLC had a significantly lower OS when compared with controls (HR 0.248, 95% CI 0.170–0.362).

Conclusions

We show that AA race is associated with an increased risk of SPLC after IPHNC; reasons of this increased risk warrant further investigation.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Costantino Andrea , Canali Luca , Festa Bianca Maria , Spriano Giuseppe , Mercante Giuseppe , De Virgilio Armando
Published: June 2022

The aim of our study was to better define the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in high‐risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (cSCCHN). A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed according to the PRISMA statement. Seven‐hundred and five patients were included from 20 studies. The pooled SLN identification rate was 98.8% (95%CI: 97.0–99.8). The median number of SLN excised was 3.6 (n = 371, 95%CI: 2.0–4.4). The pooled SLNB positive rate and cumulative regional recurrence rate (RRR) in negative SLNB were 5.6% (95%CI: 2.6–9.6) and 2.9% (95%CI: 0.5–7.2), respectively. The high SLN identification rate demonstrates SLNB feasibility in cSCCHN. The low SLNB positive rate and the relatively high RRR raise some doubts concerning its clinical utility. Further studies are mandatory to define predictors of lymph node metastases able to better select patients that may benefit from a SLNB.
Exposure to alcohol and overall survival in head and neck cancer: A regional cohort study
Authors: Denissoff Alexander , Huusko Teemu , Ventelä Sami , Niemelä Solja , Routila Johannes
Published: June 2022

Background

There is a paucity of knowledge regarding the association of alcohol use with overall survival (OS) of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

All 1033 patients treated for new HNSCC in Southwest Finland regional referral center of Turku University Hospital in 2005–2015. Cox regression analysis was used. Tumor TNM classification, age at baseline and tobacco smoking status were assessed as potential confounders.

Results

A history of severe harmful alcohol use with major somatic complications (HR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.06–1.87; p = 0.017) as well as current use of at least 10 units per week (HR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.16–1.78; p = 0.001) were associated with OS.

Conclusions

Alcohol consumption of 10–20 units/week, often regarded as moderate use, was found to increase risk of mortality independent of other prognostic variables. Systematic screening of risk level alcohol use and prognostic evaluation of alcohol brief intervention strategies is highly recommended.
Patient‐centered care: Key elements applicable to chronic liver disease
Authors: Verma Manisha , Brahmania Mayur , Fortune Brett E. , Asrani Sumeet K. , Fuchs Michael , Volk Michael L.
Published: June 2022

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a progressive illness with high symptom burden and functional and cognitive impairment, often with comorbid mental and substance use disorders. These factors lead to significant deterioration in quality of life, with immense burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare. The current healthcare system in the United States does not adequately meet the needs of patients with CLD or control costs given the episodic, reactive, and fee‐for‐service structure. There is also a need for clinical and financial accountability for CLD care. In this context, we describe the key elements required to shift the CLD care paradigm to a patient‐centered and value‐based system built upon the Porter model of value‐based health care. The key elements include (1) organization into integrated practice units, (2) measuring and incorporating meaningful patient‐reported outcomes, (3) enabling technology to allow innovation, (4) bundled care payments, (5) integrating palliative care within routine care, and (6) formalizing centers of excellence. These elements have been shown to improve outcomes, reduce costs, and improve overall patient experience for other chronic illnesses and should have similar benefits for CLD. Payers need to partner with providers and systems to build upon these elements and help align reimbursements with patients' values and outcomes. The national organizations such as the American Association for Study of Liver Diseases need to guide key stakeholders in standardizing these elements to optimize patient‐centered care for CLD.
Hesperetin derivative decreases CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis by Ptch1‐dependent mechanisms
Authors: Zhu Sai , Chen Xin , Chen Si‐Yu , Wang Ao , Wu Sha , Wu Yuan‐Yuan , Cheng Miao , Xu Jin‐Jin , Li Xiao‐Feng , Huang Cheng , Li Jun
Published: June 2022

Hepatic fibrosis (HF), a continuous wound‐healing response of the liver to repeated injuries, is characterized by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are considered a major cell type for ECM production. However, recent evidence indicates the lack of effective treatments for HF. Hesperetin, a Traditional Chinese Medicine monomer, has been isolated from the fruit peel of Citrusaurantium L. (Rutaceae). Growing evidence suggests the partial function of hesperetin in HF treatment. A hesperetin derivative (HD) was synthesized in our laboratory to increase the bioavailability and the water solubility of hesperetin. In this study, we detected the functions of HD in a mouse model of CCl4‐induced HF and transforming growth factor‐β1‐stimulated HSC‐T6 cells, in vivo and in vitro. HD reduced histological damage and CCl4‐induced HF. Moreover, HD interference was associated with the activation of indicators in HSC‐T6 cells, showing that HD is involved in HSCs activation in HF. Mechanistically, the Hedgehog pathway is involved in the HD treatment of HF, and HD may attenuate the aberrant expression of patched1. In conclusion, the studies indicate that HD may function as a potential antifibrotic Traditional Chinese Medicine monomer in HF therapy.
Prevalence and correlative factors of hyperhomocysteinemia in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tao Kun , Li Ming , Ling Jing , Tu Yiji
Published: June 2022

Aims

The occurrence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) draws little attention from surgeons preoperatively. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and correlative factors of HHcy in elderly patients (≥65 years) with FNF prior to surgery.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated 286 elderly FNF patients aged 65–98 years admitted to our institution from September 2020 to September 2021. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi‐squared test, and continuous variables were compared using the Mann–WhitneyUtest. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the associations of variables with the odds of HHcy.

Results

Among the 286 elderly FNF patients, the prevalence of HHcy was 30.77% and the mean Hcy level was 14.52 ± 10.49 μmol/L. The mean Hcy level and the prevalence of HHcy in male patients were significantly higher than that in female patients (16.41 ± 9.58 μmol/L vs. 14.00 ± 10.69 μmol/L,p = 0.002; 43.55% vs. 27.23%,p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis indicated that being male patient (OR 2.187, 95% CI 1.187–4.028,p = 0.012), hypertension (OR 1.993, 95% CI 1.141–3.479,p = 0.015), and low HDL‐C (OR 2.979, 95% CI 1.353–6.558,p = 0.007) were significant correlative factors of HHcy among elderly FNF patients.

Conclusions

This study found a high prevalence of HHcy in elderly FNF patients, with being male patient, hypertension, and low levels of HDL‐C as the significant correlative factors after adjusting for age and other covariables. However, further large‐scale studies in wider regions are warranted to confirm these findings.
Feeding behavior ofGammarus aequicaudain the presence of two prey species ofArtemiasp. andBaeotendipes noctivagus
Authors: Shadrin Nickolai , Yakovenko Vladimir , Anufriieva Elena
Published: June 2022

Gammarus aequicaudais the most abundant amphipod species in the Crimean hypersaline lakes, and is predatory upon other invertebrate species, suppressing their populations. The authors studied a time balance during the feeding ofG. aequicaudain the presence of two prey species. The different variants of prey composition were: (1) twoArtemiasp., (2) two chironomid larvae, and (3) oneArtemiasp. and one chironomid larva. The duration of the experiments differed and continued until both prey were consumed. The experiments were carried out in vessels with and without bottom sediments. The result showed that in vessels with and without sediments in the case of both species of prey, the time to the capture of the first prey did not depend on whetherArtemiasp. or chironomid larva was the first prey; the time differences are statistically insignificant. The duration of eating prey in all experimental variants depended on the kind of prey, and those differences were highly significant. The average hourly consumption rate was dependent on prey composition and order of prey capture and eating. The maximum consumption for two prey was when both were brine shrimp. In vessels without sediments and containing bothArtemiasp. and chironomid larva the consumption rate was higher if the first caught prey wasArtemiasp. rather than сhironomid larva. The order of prey eating did not influence a ration size in vessels with bottom sediments. When both prey were chironomid larvae, the total diet did not practically differ in vessels with or without sediments.
Risk Stratification for Pregnancies Diagnosed With Fetal Growth Restriction Based on Placental MRI
Authors: Himoto Yuki , Fujimoto Koji , Kido Aki , Otani Satoshi , Matsumoto Yuka Kuriyama , Mogami Haruta , Nakao Kyoko Kameyama , Kurata Yasuhisa , Moribata Yusaku , Chigusa Yoshitsugu , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Mandai Masaki , Nakamoto Yuji
Published: June 2022

Background

Diagnosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR) entails difficulties with differentiating fetuses not fulfilling their growth potential because of pathologic conditions, such as placental insufficiency, from constitutionally small fetuses. The feasibility of placental MRI for risk stratification among pregnancies diagnosed with FGR remains unexplored.

Purpose

To explore quantitative MRI features useful to identify pregnancies with unfavorable outcomes and to assess the diagnostic performance of visual analysis of MRI to detect pregnancies with unfavorable outcomes, among pregnancies diagnosed with FGR.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Thirteen pregnancies with unfavorable outcomes (preterm emergency cesarean section or intrauterine fetal death) and 11 pregnancies with favorable outcomes performed MRI at gestational weeks 21–36.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 5‐T, half‐Fourier‐acquired single‐shot turbo spin echo (HASTE), spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (SE‐EPI) and T2 map derived from SE‐EPI.

Assessment

Placental size on HASTE sequences and T2 mapping‐based histogram features were extracted. Three radiologists qualitatively evaluated the visibility of maternal cotyledon on HASTE and SE‐EPI sequences with echo times (TEs) = 60, 90, and 120 msec using 3‐point Likert scales: 0, absent; 1, equivocal; and 2, present.

Statistical Tests

Welch's t‐test or Mann–Whitney U test for quantitative features between the favorable and unfavorable outcome groups. Areas under the receiver operating curves (AUCs) of the three readers' visual analyses to detect pregnancies with unfavorable outcomes. A P value of <0.05 was inferred as statistically significant.

Results

Placental size (major and minor axis, estimated area of placental bed, and volume of placenta) and T2 mapping‐based histogram features (mean, skewness, and kurtosis) were statistically significantly different between the two groups. Visual analysis of HASTE and SE‐EPI with TE = 60 msec showed AUCs of 0.80–0.86 to detect pregnancies with unfavorable outcomes.

Data Conclusion

Placental size, histogram features, and visual analysis of placental MRI may allow for risk stratification regarding outcomes among pregnancies diagnosed with FGR.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 5