bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dotazník rodičovského přijetí a odmítnutí/kontroly: Recenze metody
Authors: Lacinová Lenka
Published: April 2016

Jedná se o nástroj s uspokojivými psychometrickými vlastnostmi, s jednoduchým způsobem administrace a vyhodnocování. Interpretace výsledků se může opírat o dobře propracované teoretické zázemí, což lze považovat za jednu z nejsilnějších stránek tohoto nástroje z hlediska použitelnosti jak ve výzkumu, tak v psychologické praxi. Adekvátní využití tohoto nástroje předpokládá standardní vzdělání v oboru psychologie a výhodou je jistá zkušenost z práce v oblasti dětského, rodinného či výchovného poradenství/terapie.
Test pozornosti d2: Recenze metody
Authors: Gabrhel Vít
Published: April 2016

Test d2 představuje metodu určenou k měření (selektivní) pozornosti, přičemž je možné jej za tímto účelem užít v celé řadě oblastí aplikované psychologie. Tato skutečnost, stejně jako i to, že je administrace Testu d2 relativně rychlá a s přesahem mimo situaci testování (při její tvorbě byl kladen důraz na to, aby byl obsah metody relevantní z hlediska každodenní – pracovní – zkušenosti) patří mezi klady metody. V neposlední řadě lze jako pozitiva zmínit relativně velký standardizační vzorek metody (více než 6000 osob), reliabilitu měření (zejména ve smyslu homogenity, méně pak coby stabilitu v čase), ale též jednoduchost zácviku a používání metody.České vydání Testu d2 z roku 2000 však zároveň trpí nejedním nedostatkem. Patrně nejzávažnějším z nich je absence kapitoly věnované výsledkům studií, které by mohly podat uspokojivé důkazy o validitě (ať už ve smyslu validity konstruktové, tak empirické – např. prediktivní). Tyto důkazy lze nalézt v další (zahraniční) literatuře k metodě, která však nemusí být pro běžného uživatele snadno dostupná. Dále je nutné poukázat na skutečnost, že normy, kterými se má uživatel testu při interpretaci výsledků řídit, pochází ze zahraničí. Autor českého překladu v této věci argumentuje kulturní blízkostí Německa, v dalších studiích (Ross, 2005) se pak nepodařilo prokázat rozdíl ve výsledcích napříč kulturami (v uvedené studii šlo o srovnání vzorku respondentů z USA a z Německa).
Vývoj diagnostického nástroje z pohledu projektu DIS
Authors: Jabůrek Michal
Published: April 2016

Článek zachycuje jednotlivé fáze vývoje diagnostického nástroje. Ty popisuje skrze zkušenost jednoho z členů týmu projektu DIS, v rámci kterého bylo během tří let standardizováno 12 diagnostických nástrojů určených pro dětskou poradenskou praxi.This article specifies individual stages of the development of a diagnostic tool. Stages are described through the experience of one of the team members of the DIS project, in which 12 diagnostic instruments for child counseling practice were standardized over a three years period.
Diagnostika struktury matematických schopností (DISMAS): Recenze metody
Authors: Hönigová Sylva
Published: April 2016

Test poskytuje kvalitní obraz rozvoje matematických schopností v jejich celku a struktuře u věkové skupiny mladšího školního věku, s možným použitím pro děti předškolní a děti staršího školního věku s obtížemi v matematice. Umožňuje identifikovat a lokalizovat obtíže. Na základě takto provedené diagnostiky je možné vytvoření přesně cíleného programu rozvoje dílčích schopností v oblastech, ve kterých vývoj nepostupuje. U dětí předškolního věku je test dobře využitelný k diagnostice školní zralosti a připravenosti. Rovněž umožňuje diagnostiku dílčího mimořádného nadání či akcelerace v oblasti matematických schopností u dětí předškolního věku a v období počátku školní docházky, opět s lokalizací oblastí akcelerovaného vývoje a případných slabších stránek u nerovnoměrného vývoje matematických dovedností. V této souvislosti je výhodou testu možnost využití pouze některých částí v závislosti na věku, především ke kvalitativní analýze.
Inteligenční a vývojová škála pro děti ve věku 5–10 let (IDS): Recenze metody
Authors: Krejčová Lenka
Published: April 2016

Metodu lze jednoznačně doporučit pro využití v poradenské i klinické praxi při práci s dětskými klienty. Jejím prostřednictvím lze získat diagnosticky cenná data pro diferenciální diagnostiku při stanovování různorodých vývojových poruch, pro sledování vývoje dětí, určení profilu jejich kognitivních funkcí i některých osobnostních charakteristik, vymezení silných a slabých stránek a navržení vhodného dalšího postupu výchovné a vzdělávací práce s dětmi.
Škály na měření úzkosti a úzkostlivosti dětí - revize (ŠAD-R): Recenze metody
Authors: Kotková Martina
Published: April 2016

Test Škály na měření úzkosti a úzkostlivosti dětí – revize (ŠAD-R) představuje kvalitní psychodiagnostický nástroj, který může být účinnou pomocí v poradenské praxi i při screeningu úzkostných poruch, které již spadají do oblasti psychopatologie. Největší přednost tohoto nástroje spočívá v dualitě pojetí úzkosti jako stavu a stabilnějšího osobnostního rysu. Díky tomu je možné komplexně zmapovat úzkostné prožívání jedince včetně konkrétních projevů úzkosti. Test se dá jednoduše a rychle administrovat i vyhodnotit a je pro uživatele jasně a srozumitelně formulován. Jedinou chybějící částí je doporučení autorů, jak s výsledky testu dále pracovat a jakým způsobem o nich komunikovat s dítětem, resp. jeho rodiči.
Test pozornosti d2: Recenze metody
Authors: Kraus Jakub
Published: April 2016

Test pozornosti d2 je test s dlhou históriou hlavne v európskom priestore pričom nasadá na dlhú tradíciu hodnotenia perceptuálnej rýchlosti a pozornosti. Po uvážení všetkých obmedzení ktoré boli prezentované vyššie je na každom praktikovi či sa test rozhodne použiť alebo nie. Závisí to od konkrétnej situácie, zákazky či napríklad možností. d2 Test pozornosti je možné administrovať v rámci klinickej psychológie ako súčasť batérie testov skúmajúcich kognitívne schopnosti, ako súčasť neuropsychologického vyšetrenia či v rámci dopravne-psychologického vyšetrenia. V každom prípade je vhodný ďalší výskum objasňujúci jeho možné súvislosti s inými konštruktmi či testami.
Cognistat: Recenze metody
Authors: Tofflová Adéla
Published: April 2016

Na Cognistat jako měřicí nástroj je možné nahlížet ze dvou úhlů; jako na funkční test kognitivních deficitů, nebo nevhodný test s nedostatečnými psychometrickými základy. Teoretické nedostatky testu jistě nelze přehlížet, ale pokud je metoda použita pouze pro zhodnocení aktuálního stavu, například jedince s poraněním hlavy, může odborníkovi pomoci rychle určit případné problematické oblasti. Cognistat je tedy třeba používat jako rychlou skríningovou metodu a ani zkušený odborník by neměl považovat testové výsledky za jednoznačně určující. Vždy se jedná pouze o odhalení slabin jedince a následný postup by měl zahrnovat další, specializované metody. Cognistat je však metodou relativně finančně náročnou a v České republice jsou používány skríningové testy, které jsou, nejen, cenově dostupnější (např. Addenbrookský kognitivní test nebo Montrealský kognitivní test). Bylo by tedy v zájmu autorů české verze se snažit poskytnout něco víc.
Hledání optimální formy a obsahu zprávy z vyšetření ve školním poradenství
Authors: Jabůrek Michal
Published: April 2016

S cílem iniciovat odbornou diskusi o optimální formě a obsahu závěrečné zprávy z vyšetření ve školním poradenství byli osloveni tři přední poradenští odborníci. Ti vytvořili dva příspěvky, jejichž jádro tvoří zprávy z vyšetření žáka základní školy s problémy v chování a učení. První příspěvek je psán z pohledu školního psychologa v USA, druhý zachycuje model spolupráce školního poradenského pracoviště a školského poradenského zařízení v ČR.In order to initiate an expert discussion about the optimal form and content of the final report of counseling examination, three experts from counseling were contacted. They composed two professional contributions which consists mainly of reports from counseling examination of elementary school student with behavioral and learning problems. The first paper is written from the perspective of the school psychologist from the USA, the second captures the collaboration of the school special pedagogist and psychologist from Educational and Psychological Counselling in the Czech Republic.
Editorial pátého čísla
Authors: Cígler Hynek
Published: April 2016

Vážení a milí čtenáři, po půl roce opět upíráte oči na webové stránky Testfóra. Tentokrát pro vás sice nemáme žádné koncepční novinky, ale o dobré zprávy vás neochudíme – vše, s čím jsme začali v posledních číslech, totiž úspěšně funguje dál. Zejména jsem velmi rád, že jsme dokázali pokračovat v recenzním procesu psychologických testů.Celý editorial je dostupný v PDF.
Multifaktorový osobnostní profil: Recenze metody
Authors: Dostál Daniel
Published: April 2016

Inventář MOP je zajímavým pokusem vytvořit rychlý, atraktivní a snadno administrovatelný nástroj k posouzení osobnostních vlastností zaměstnanců či uchazečů a zaměstnání. Tohoto cíle se bohužel nepodařilo plně dosáhnout. Nedostatky testu pramení zejména z jeho nejistého navázání na psychologické teorie, což vede k špatnému vymezení škál a jejich ukotvení v položkách, a nakonec se promítá do neuspokojivých psychometrických vlastností.Kvalita metody nenaplňuje požadavky kladené na psychodiagnostické testy k posouzení vlastnosti jedince, zejména pak v situacích s velkým dopadem (např. preselekce uchazečů o zaměstnání). Přesnost jednotlivých škál výrazně kolísá od obstojné úrovně až po těžko akceptovatelnou. Předností metody je její atraktivní zpracování a vysoká uživatelská přátelskost. Lze říct, že forma výrazně převažuje nad obsahem, což předurčuje možnou uplatnitelnost testu.
Lesk a bieda matematických riešení v psychodiagnostike
Authors: Dočkal Vladimír
Published: April 2016

Keď pred sto rokmi začala psychológia kvantifikovať svoje zistenia, získala si rešpekt a možnosť zaradiť sa do sveta vedy – tak ako sa veda v tých časoch chápala. Kvantitatívny prístup je charakteristický najmä pre psychometriku, ktorá sa v duchu pozitivizmu stala keď nie úplným synonymom psychodiagnostiky, tak aspoň prevládajúcim smerom v nej. Aj dnes má pozitivistická paradigma v psychológii silnú pozíciu, no čoraz viac sa uplatňujú rôzne nové (kvalitatívne) pohľady. Je preto namieste zamyslieť sa nad úlohou matematiky v psychologickom poznaní, osobitne v psychodiagnostike. Príspevok kriticky hodnotí možnosti matematiky pri koncipovaní teórie, na ktorej je psychologický test založený, pri výbere položiek a overovaní psychometrických charakteristík testu a pri tvorbe testových noriem. Dokladá užitočnosť matematických prístupov, ale upozorňuje aj na ich limity. Matematika je v psychodiagnostike nezastupiteľná, je však iba pomocníkom, ktorý nemôže nahradiť kvalifikované psychologické usudzovanie. When a hundred years ago psychology started to quantify its findings, it won its respect and an opportunity to integrate itself into the world of science – that is, as science was understood in those days.  The quantitative approach is characteristic mostly for the psychometrics, which has become almost a complete synonym of psychodiagnostics in the light of positivism; if that is not so, then it has become at least a prevalent direction in it. Even today, the positivist paradigm in psychology has a strong position; however, rather new and diverse (qualitative) views receive an increasing support. It is therefore appropriate to reflect on the role of mathematics in psychological knowledge, particularly in psychodiagnostics. The contribution critically evaluates the possibilities of mathematics in framing the theory on which the psychological test is based, in selecting the items, and in verification of psychometric characteristics of the test and in development of test standards. It demonstrates the usefulness of mathematical approaches, but also draws attention to their limits. Mathematics is unsubstitutable in psychodiagnostics; however, it has only an assistant role that cannot replace qualified psychological reasoning.
Etika v psychodiagnostice – právo na informace
Authors: Borovanská Michaela , Rudá Adéla , Voska Vladimír
Published: April 2016

V tomto článku se zaměřujeme na etiku psychologického testování, a to zejména z hlediska informovanosti osob testovaných například v rámci personálního výběru. Úvahy předložené v tomto příspěvku mají za úkol vyvolat diskusi týkající se práva testovaných na informace a překážek, ať už skutečných či domnělých, které nám brání potřebné informace testovaným zprostředkovat. Dotkneme se tak otázek souvisejících např. s ochranou psychodiagnostických metod, poskytováním informací o výsledcích psychologického vyšetření či ochranou osobních údajů.
Využitie a zneužitie Cronbachovej alfy pri hodnotení psychodiagnostických nástrojov
Authors: Marko Martin
Published: April 2016

Na základe výsledkov testovania prebiehajúcom v psychologickej diagnostike, vznikajú závery a rozhodnutia, ktorých validita kriticky závisí od spoľahlivosti využitých posudzovacích metód. Reliabilita nástroja je z tohto dôvodu kľúčovým pojmom pri posudzovaní akéhokoľvek psychologického atribútu. Napriek množstvu alternatív, najvýznamnejším a najpoužívanejším indikátorom kvality testového skóre ostáva sprofanovaný koeficient vnútornej konzistencie - alfa (Cronbach, 1951). Postupne identifikujeme najzávažnejšie omyly a problémy, ktoré sa pri  používaní tejto štatistiky opakovane objavujú. K jednotlivým bodom taktiež ponúkame riešenia, ktoré by mohli prispieť k zlepšeniu odhadu kvality skóre testovacích nástrojov a rozhodnutí, ktoré sa o ne opierajú.The validity of inferences and decisions formed on the basis of testing in psychological diagnostics is critically dependent on reliability of utilized assessment tools. Therefore, whenever a psychological attribute is to be scored, reliability of the diagnostic means becomes crucial. Despite many alternatives, Cronbach’s alpha (1951), as profaned internal consistency statistic, remains the most prominent and most widely used indicator of test score quality. Because of this importance, our article is aimed to identify the most serious misconceptions and misapplications which repeatedly occur when using this statistics. For each particular point of this issue, we suggest a simple solution which may improve the estimation of the score quality of tests and therefore enhance decisions that are drawn from them.
Monitorování účinnosti v psychoterapii a poradenství
Authors: Řiháček Tomáš , Juhová Dana
Published: April 2016

Ve výzkumu psychoterapie a poradenství se v posledních letech prosazuje tzv. na praxi orientovaný výzkum, jehož cílem je zkoumat proces a efekt psychoterapeutických a poradenských intervencí v podmínkách běžné praxe. V terapeutických a poradenských zařízeních v západním světě se stále častěji začínají používat softwarové systémy průběžně monitorující efekt nabízené péče. Výzkumy ukazují, že používání zpětnovazebních informací z těchto systémů má pozitivní vliv na účinnost terapeutické a poradenské praxe. V tomto příspěvku budou nastíněny principy fungování těchto systémů a dále budou shrnuty přínosy i limity rutinního monitorování účinnosti a jeho implementace do praxe.In psychotherapy and counseling research, practice-oriented research has been gaining momentum recently. Its aim is to study the process and the outcome of psychotherapy and counseling interventions in routine practice. In the Western world, therapeutic and counseling facilities are increasingly beginning to use software systems to continually monitor the effect of treatment offered. Research evidence shows that using this outcome information as feedback has a positive impact on the effectiveness of therapy and counseling practice. In this paper, the principles upon which these systems work will be summarized, as well as the benefits and limitations of routine outcome monitoring and its implementation into practice.
Microbiota-driven transcriptional changes in prefrontal cortex override genetic differences in social behavior
Authors: Gacias Mar , Gaspari Sevasti , Santos Patricia-Mae G , Tamburini Sabrina , Andrade Monica , Zhang Fan , Shen Nan , Tolstikov Vladimir , Kiebish Michael A , Dupree Jeffrey L , Zachariou Venetia , Clemente Jose C , Casaccia Patrizia
Published: April 2016

Gene-environment interactions impact the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, but the relative contributions are unclear. Here, we identify gut microbiota as sufficient to induce depressive-like behaviors in genetically distinct mouse strains. Daily gavage of vehicle (dH2O) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice induced a social avoidance behavior that was not observed in C57BL/6 mice. This was not observed in NOD animals with depleted microbiota via oral administration of antibiotics. Transfer of intestinal microbiota, including members of the Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, from vehicle-gavaged NOD donors to microbiota-depleted C57BL/6 recipients was sufficient to induce social avoidance and change gene expression and myelination in the prefrontal cortex. Metabolomic analysis identified increased cresol levels in these mice, and exposure of cultured oligodendrocytes to this metabolite prevented myelin gene expression and differentiation. Our results thus demonstrate that the gut microbiota modifies the synthesis of key metabolites affecting gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, thereby modulating social behavior.
A technology prototype system for rating therapist empathy from audio recordings in addiction counseling
Authors: Xiao Bo , Huang Chewei , Imel Zac E. , Atkins David C. , Georgiou Panayiotis , Narayanan Shrikanth S.
Published: April 2016

Scaling up psychotherapy services such as for addiction counseling is a critical societal need. One challenge is ensuring quality of therapy, due to the heavy cost of manual observational assessment. This work proposes a speech technology-based system to automate the assessment of therapist empathy—a key therapy quality index—from audio recordings of the psychotherapy interactions. We designed a speech processing system that includes voice activity detection and diarization modules, and an automatic speech recognizer plus a speaker role matching module to extract the therapist’s language cues. We employed Maximum Entropy models, Maximum Likelihood language models, and a Lattice Rescoring method to characterize highvs.low empathic language. We estimated therapy-session level empathy codes using utterance level evidence obtained from these models. Our experiments showed that the fully automated system achieved a correlation of 0.643 between expert annotated empathy codes and machine-derived estimations, and an accuracy of 81% in classifying highvs.low empathy, in comparison to a 0.721 correlation and 86% accuracy in the oracle setting using manual transcripts. The results show that the system provides useful information that can contribute to automatic quality insurance and therapist training.
Características biológicas, resistência a herbicidas e manejo de Amaranthus palmeri em agroecossistemas
Authors: Trezzi Michelangelo Muzell , Bittencourt Henrique Von Hertwig , Galon Leandro , Diesel Francielli , Vidal Ribas Antonio
Published: April 2016

Populações da espécie A. palmeri com resistência a herbicidas foram detectadas em lavouras brasileiras em 2014. Plantas dessa espécie nunca foram identificadas anteriormente no Brasil. Em outros locais do mundo, A. palmeri causa muitos prejuízos, em função das características biológicas que a torna muito competitiva em sistemas agrícolas. Além disso, populações resistentes aos herbicidas são problemas importantes no manejo das plantas, especialmente quando ocorre resistência múltipla. Na presente revisão são descritas as características biológicas dessa espécie que auxiliam no entendimento da sua adaptação, os prejuízos potenciais para as culturas e, também, na expectativa de encontrar vulnerabilidades que possam ser utilizadas no manejo das plantas. São descritos os casos de resistência de A. palmeri registrados no mundo, bem como os mecanismos causais da mesma. Também são discutidas ações que permitam o manejo e o controle dessa espécie nas culturas do algodão, soja e milho.
Congeneric and Robust Adhesive Epidermal Patch for Anti‐Interference Physiological Signal Recognition
Authors: Gan Dingli , Wang Qian , Zhang Xinyi , Qu Xinyu , Sun Hanjun , Cui Ying , Wang Wenjun , Qu Lulu , Dong Xiaochen
Published: September 2024

Epidermal patches utilized for the transduction of biopotentials and biomechanical signals are pivotal in wearable health monitoring. However, the shortcomings, such as inferior conformal ability, deficient adhesion, and motion artifacts, severely impede the bioelectrodes from perceiving stable and superior‐quality physiological signals. Herein, a polymer epidermal patch possessing a spontaneous Janus structure is facilely prepared through itaconic acylhydrazine (IAH) induced gradient polymerization. The solubility discrepancy of the monomers in IAH authorized the Janus structure with distinct adhesion properties on each side. Moreover, the hydrogen bond network constructed by IAH confers the polymer with a high degree of skin compliance, enabling dynamic and stable mechanical properties to withstand complex monitoring environments. By integrating skin‐like softness (Young's modulus ≈0.16 MPa), robust adhesion (35 kPa), and high signal‐to‐noise ratio (32 dB), this epidermal patch displays exceptional elasticity within the physiological activity spectrum, provides swift electrical and mechanical self‐recovery capabilities, and resists interference in dynamic signal monitoring (deformation, compression, humidity, etc.). By demonstrating multifaceted applications for Electrocardiogram recording under diverse disturbances, the epidermal patch profiles a promising noninvasive, enduring wearable bioelectronic interface with immunity to interference.
Boosting Zinc‐Ion Storage Capability in Longitudinally Aligned MXene Arrays with Microchannel Architecture
Authors: Lin Congjian , Zhang Yingmeng , Lieu Wei Ying , Xu Yongtai , Li Dong‐Sheng , Sliva Arlindo , Yang Hui Ying
Published: September 2024

Flexible Zn2+ ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs) will play a crucial role in developing next‐generation wearable products, which demand portability, durability, and environmental adaptability. To further meet these requirements, Ti3C2Tx MXene with exceptional conductivity and robust mechanical properties can be utilized as cathodes, except for challenges such as the dense stacking of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. In this study, a novel MXene cathode architecture has been developed with the facilitation of an ice template, which creates longitudinally aligned Ti3C2Tx arrays with microchannels. The introduction of hydrochloric acid to the Ti3C2Tx slurry induces a crumpled morphology, increasing active sites and enhancing ion transport with expanded interlayer spacing. Interestingly, experimental results and COMSOL simulations verify that the cathode structure also has effective impacts on the Zn anode with a weakened ion concentration gradient and suppressed dendrite formation. Consequently, the ZHCs exhibit enhanced electrochemical performance with excellent rate performance and long‐term cycling stability (enduring over 50 000 cycles at 5 A g−1) and further deliver a reliable low‐temperature operation by applying an anti‐freezing electrolyte. Moreover, flexible ZHCs assembled with gel electrolytes demonstrate excellent flexibility, improved rate performance, and mechanical stability, making them well‐suited for flexible electronics that power flexible LED panels.
Development of Neural Cells and Spontaneous Neural Activities in Engineered Brain‐Like Constructs for Transplantation
Authors: Gai Ke , Yang Mengliu , Chen Wei , Hu Chenyujun , Luo Xiao , Smith Austin , Xu Caizhe , Zhang Hefeng , Li Xiang , Shi Wei , Sun Wei , Lin Feng , Song Yu
Published: September 2024

Stem cell transplantation has demonstrated efficacy in treating neurological disorders by generating functional cells and secreting beneficial factors. However, challenges remain for current cell suspension injection therapy, including uncontrollable cell distribution, the potential for tumor formation, and limited ability to treat spatial defects. Therefore, implants with programmable cell development, tailored 3D structure, and functionalized biomaterials have the potential to both control cell distribution and reduce or heal spatial defects. Here, a biomimetic material system comprising gelatin, alginate, and fibrinogen has been developed for neural progenitor cell constructs using 3D printing. The resulting constructs exhibit excellent formability, stability, and developmental functions in vitro, as well as biocompatibility and integration into the hippocampus in vivo. The controllability, reproducibility, and material composition of the constructs show potential for use in personalized stem cell‐based therapies for defective neurological disorders, neural development research, disease modeling, and organoid‐derived intelligent systems.
Intranasal Delivery of circATF7IP siRNA via Lipid Nanoparticles Alleviates LPS‐induced Depressive‐Like Behaviors
Authors: Ju Minzi , Zhang Zhongkun , Gao Feng , Chen Gang , Zhao Sibo , Wang Dan , Wang Huijuan , Jia Yanpeng , Shen Ling , Yuan Yonggui , Yao Honghong
Published: September 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental disorder that significantly impacts social and psychological function, but no effective medication is currently available. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of MDD which are envisioned as promising therapeutic targets. However, nonviral‐based delivery strategies targeting circRNA against MDD are not thoroughly investigated. Here, it is identified that circATF7IP is significantly upregulated in plasma samples and positively correlated with 24‐Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD‐24) scores of MDD patients. Synergistic amine lipid nanoparticles (SALNPs) are designed to deliver siRNA targeting circATF7IP (si‐circATF7IP) into the hippocampus brain region by intranasal administration. Intranasal delivery of SALNP‐si‐circATF7IP successfully alleviated the depressive‐like behaviors in the LPS‐induced mouse depression model via decreasing CD11b+CD45dim microglia population and pro‐inflammatory cytokine productions (TNF‐α and IL‐6). These results indicate that the level of circATF7IP positively correlates with MDD pathogenesis, and SALNP delivery of si‐circATF7IP via intranasal administration is an effective strategy to ameliorate LPS‐induced depressive‐like behaviors.
Immuno‐Rolling Circle Amplification (Immuno‐RCA): Biosensing Strategies, Practical Applications, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Limei , Bai Hao , Zou Jie , Zhang Chuyan , Zhuang Weihua , Hu Jie , Yao Yongchao , Hu Wenchuang (Walter)
Published: September 2024

In the rapidly evolving field of life sciences and biomedicine, detecting low‐abundance biomolecules, and ultraweak biosignals presents significant challenges. This has spurred a rapid development of analytical techniques aiming for increased sensitivity and specificity. These advancements, including signal amplification strategies and the integration of biorecognition events, mark a transformative era in bioanalytical precision and accuracy. A prominent method among these innovations is immuno‐rolling circle amplification (immuno‐RCA) technology, which effectively combines immunoassays with signal amplification via RCA. This process starts when a targeted biomolecule, such as a protein or cell, binds to an immobilized antibody or probe on a substrate. The introduction of a circular DNA template triggers RCA, leading to exponential amplification and significantly enhanced signal intensity, thus the target molecule is detectable and quantifiable even at the single‐molecule level. This review provides an overview of the biosensing strategy and extensive practical applications of immuno‐RCA in detecting biomarkers. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the limitations inherent to these sensors and sets forth expectations for their future trajectory. This review serves as a valuable reference for advancing immuno‐RCA in various domains, such as diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and molecular imaging.
Enhanced Colorimetric Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds Using a Dye‐Incorporated Photonic Crystal‐Based Sensor Array
Authors: Nah So Hee , Kim Jong Bin , Chui Hiu Ning Tiffany , Suh Yeonjoon , Yang Shu
Published: September 2024

Chemoresponsive dyes offer the potential to selectively detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) unique to certain disease states. Among different VOC sensing techniques, colorimetric sensing offers the advantage of facile recognition. However, it is often challenging to discern the color changes by the naked eye. Here, highly sensitive colorimetric VOC sensor arrays from dye‐incorporated colloidal photonic crystals (dye‐cPhCs) are reported. cPhCs are scalably fabricated on a 4‐inch wafer by spin‐coating of silica nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in a photo‐cross‐linkable monomer, where the gradient shear flow along the film thickness creates densely‐packed square arrays of NPs in the top layers, whereas the bulk is quasi‐amorphous with larger periodicities. The broadened reflection peak allows for augmented dye absorption originating from the overlap between the photonic bandgap edge of the cPhC and the dye absorption peak, leading to a more noticeable color change upon exposure to VOCs. The sensor array generates distinct color difference maps for acetaldehyde, acetone, and acetic acid, respectively, without any data amplification. The limit of detection for acetaldehyde, acetone, and acetic acid is 1, 0.1, and 0.02 ppm, respectively. Moreover, VOC can be diagonalized by visually intuitive pattern recognition, and principal component analysis at reduced dimensionality is demonstrated.
Photorheologic Silicone Composites with Adaptive Properties by Utilizing Light‐Degradable Organosilica Nanoparticles as Fillers
Authors: Klodwig Florian , Finck Laura , Ehlert Nina , Behrens Peter , Menzel Henning , Polarz Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Implementing inorganic filler particles is a powerful method for improving the mechanical properties of polymer composites. The physical properties are determined by the interaction of the filler with the polymer. Thus, factors like the surface‐to‐volume ratio and surface modification are important. Besides the strategies of influencing these physical properties by a prior modification of the filler, this approach applies a post‐treatment of the composite. The present publication focuses on bringing stimuli‐responsive properties to a composite material by changing the chemical composition and structure of the filler particles. Instead of creating a responsive polymer, the concept is to use photo‐degradable organosilica nanoparticles that can change the mechanical properties of a polymer/filler composite after it has been prepared. After the synthesis of nitrobenzyl ether containing organosilica nanoparticles and the investigation of the photochemical processes, the preparation of the composites with silicones is described. Vinyl groups are attached to the surfaces to secure a homogeneous distribution of the filler particles inside the polymer matrix. After light‐induced decomposition, the mechanical properties are investigated. Other than expected, the material becomes stiffer, which is explained by an increase in the surface area of the silica particles, accompanied by the emergence of hydroxy groups that interact with the polysiloxane.
Ruthenium (II)‐Catalysed Regioselective C6 Alkylation of Indoles with Maleimides
Authors: Jadhav Pankaj , Dawande Sudam
Published: September 2024

Ruthenium (II)‐catalysed regioselective C6 alkylation of indole‐7‐carboxamides with maleimide has been described. Electronically diverse maleimides reacted with various indoles to furnish corresponding C6 substituted succinimide derivatives of indoles with 46–89% yields. The reaction shows functional group tolerance. The synthetic utility of the reaction has been demonstrated through the conversion of the obtained product to the corresponding hexahydropyridazinyl derivative. We also studied the kinetics of the reaction through intermolecular competitive experiments with electronically distinct indole‐7‐carboxamides.
Tri‐Layer Heterostructure Channel of a‐IGZO/a‐ITZO/a‐IGZO Toward Enhancement of Transport and Reliability in Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Hu Ke , Guo Zean , Wang Jiawei , Lu Congyan , Wang Mingliang , Wang Tianyuan , Liao Fuxi , Yang Guanhua , Lu Nianduan , Li Ling
Published: September 2024

Thin film transistors (TFTs) based on amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOS) are promising candidates for panel displays. However, the trade‐off between mobility and reliability in AOS‐TFTs hinders their further applications in next‐generation display techniques and newly developed logic and memory circuits. Here, a structural strategy is proposed for the mobility‐reliability trade‐off, via a triple‐layer channel containing a Ga‐free high‐mobility layer (amorphous InSnZnO, a‐ITZO) sandwiched by two Ga‐rich layers (amorphous InGaZnO, a‐IGZO) with higher reliability. Gate‐induced carrier accumulation is verified mainly being energetically confined within the high mobility a‐ITZO layer, at the newly defined a‐ITZO/a‐IGZO interface. Compared to single layer a‐ITZO‐TFTs, triple‐channel a‐IGZO/a‐ITZO/a‐IGZO TFTs (GTG‐TFTs) exhibit outstanding stability and electrical transport performances, with suppressed positive/negative‐bias‐stress voltage shifts from 1/0.3 to 0.1/0.004 V, enhanced field effect mobility from ≈40 to 56 cm2V−1s−1, and optimized sub‐threshold swing down to 80 mV dec−1. Further numerical simulations and charge transport characterizations, including magnetotransport and gate‐induced Hall effect, indicate that charge transport in tri‐layer structure is less affected by energetic disorders present at gate insulator interfaces.
Achieving High‐Voltage Stability in Li‐Rich Ni‐Rich Oxides with Local W/Ni(Li) Superstructure
Authors: Gao Xu , Li Biao , Rousse Gwenaëlle , Morozov Anatolii V. , Deschamps Michaël , Elkaïm Erik , Zhang Leiting , Kummer Kurt , Abakumov Artem M. , Tarascon Jean‐Marie
Published: September 2024

Creating high‐energy‐density cathodes is crucial for building next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries. However, materials exploration along two main directions, namely Li‐rich or Ni‐rich oxides, has encountered bottlenecks. To get rid of the impasse, here a “Li‐rich Ni‐rich” route is consolidated by designing a new family of Li1+yNi(3‐5y)/3W2y/3O2 oxides with high‐voltage cycling stability up to 4.5 V and high capacities over 230 mAh g−1. It is discovered that W6+ is largely incorporated into the LiNiO2 lattice, forming W/Ni(Li) inverse honeycomb‐ordered nano‐domains. These Li‐rich domains enable reversible anionic redox, clearly demonstrated by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, which is linked to improved electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the incorporation of W6+ into the lattice proves to be the key to generating electrochemically active Li‐rich domains irrespective of Li stoichiometry given that a similar local structure is found in W‐substituted non‐Li‐rich oxides. This therefore implies the underestimated role of high‐valence cations in tuning the structure and electrochemistry of Ni‐rich oxides. These results underline the necessity of a Li‐rich composition in the request for reversible high capacity, reinforcing the promise of a “Li‐rich Ni‐rich” avenue for developing advanced cathodes.
Agronomic responses and economic returns from wheat–canola rotation under Humalite and urea applications
Authors: Nallanthighal Sumedha Vaishnavi , Enesi Rebecca Oiza , Thilakarathna Malinda S. , Gorim Linda Yuya
Published: September 2024

Humalite is a humic acid‐rich biostimulant known for its ability to improve plant agronomic parameters and increase crop nitrogen use. Limited field research exists on Humalite effect, its application rate, and its interaction with urea, especially at reduced rates on grain agronomic parameters. Therefore, a field study was conducted from 2021 to 2023 at three Alberta sites—Battle River Research Group (BRRG), Gateway Research Organization (GRO), and St. Albert Research Station (St. Albert), in a split‐plot design with four replications, three urea levels (i.e., recommended, half‐recommend, and zero urea) combined with five Humalite rates (0, 56 (or 112), 224, 448, and 896 kg ha−1). In 2021, the highest wheat yields were observed at half urea rates plus 224 kg ha−1 at BRRG (35% yield increase), GRO (8.4% yield increase), and St. Albert (33.5% yield increase). In 2022, canola yields were unaffected by Humalite application rates. In 2023, wheat yields from half‐recommended and recommended urea rates plots outperformed zero urea plots across all sites, regardless of Humalite rates. The highest wheat grain protein content values were observed at 224–448 kg ha−1 of Humalite plus half‐recommended or recommended urea rate. Depending on the site, the highest net revenue resulted from half urea rates plus Humalite at application rates between 112 and 448 kg ha−1 in wheat, that is, optimal Humalite rate for increased profitability. Therefore, the incorporation of biostimulants such as Humalite can reduce urea use and contribute to the sustainability of wheat cropping systems.
Precision management influences productivity and nutrients availability in dryland cropping system
Authors: Mikha Maysoon M. , Mankin Kyle R. , Khan Shahbaz B. , Barnard David M.
Published: September 2024

Precision management (PM) aims to reduce inputs while increasing land productivity and economical return and enhancing cropping system resiliency to climate change. This study evaluated how climate (precipitation) and management influenced yields and soil nutrients in a dryland agricultural system. We compared an “aspirational” (ASP) system (no‐till, 4‐year rotation of winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], corn [Zea mays L.], proso millet [Panicum miliaceum L.], and fallow/flex) to a traditional “business‐as‐usual” (BAU) system (reduced tillage, 2‐year rotation of winter wheat and fallow: W–F). Phases of each rotation were included yearly throughout the study period (2018–2022) with three replications. The ASP system incorporated PM by dividing each ASP field into three zones (high‐, medium‐, and low‐PM) according to prior yield and topography. Nitrogen was applied at high, medium, or low application rates within those zones. Under favorable precipitation, wheat, corn, and millet yields responded to PM treatments, with yields increasing proportional to N addition. Years with low in‐season precipitation had a significant reduction in wheat and corn yields (2020 and 2022) and complete millet yield failures (2020 and 2021). Low soil organic matter accumulation (0.1%–0.5%) and a reduction in soil macro‐ and micronutrient status suggested that soil nutrient additions are needed to prevent soil‐nutrient degradation. The ASP treatment added a third crop every 4 years and did so without significantly decreasing wheat yield following fallow. The ASP management shows promise as an alternative to BAU in the Great Plains dryland production region.
Predicting PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cell Parameters Using Neural Networks Trained on Experimental Data
Authors: Lee Hoon Jeong , Chiu Arlene , Lin Yida , Chintapalli Sreyas , Kamal Serene , Ji Eric , Thon Susanna M.
Published: September 2024

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have enabled predictive programs for photovoltaic characterization, optimization, and materials discovery. Despite these advances, the standard photovoltaic materials development workflow still involves manually performing multiple characterization techniques on every new device, requiring significant time and expenditures. One barrier to ML implementation is that most models reported to date are trained on computer simulated data, due to the difficulty in experimentally collecting the massive data sets needed for model training, limiting the ability to assess the limitations and validity of these methods, as well as to access new potential physical mechanisms absent in simulations. Herein, several neural networks trained on experimental data from PbS colloidal quantum dot thin‐film solar cells are introduced. These models predict multiple, complex materials properties, including carrier mobility, relative photoluminescence intensity, and electronic trap‐state density, from a single, simple measurement: illuminated current–voltage curves. The measurement system considers the spatial distribution of the materials parameters to gather and predict large amounts of data by treating an inhomogeneous device as a series of thousands of micro‐devices, a novel feature compared to existing solutions. This model can be extended to other materials and devices, accelerating development times for new optoelectronic technologies.
Tracking anthropometric dimensions and grip strength among children, adolescents and adults in an indigenous community of southern Mexico: 1968–1978–2000
Authors: Little Bertis B. , Peña Reyes Maria Eugenia , Malina Robert M.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To track body size and proportions, arm dimensions and grip strength in children, adolescents, and adults resident in an indigenous community in Oaxaca who were measured on two or three occasions across surveys in 1968, 1978, and 2000.

Methods

The three cross‐sectional surveys included measures of height, weight, sitting height, arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and grip strength in surveys of schoolchildren in 1968 and of schoolchildren, adolescents and adults in 1978 and 2000. Cross‐checks of surnames, forenames and ages/dates of birth of participants in the three surveys identified three samples of individuals measured on two occasions (1968–1978, two age groups in 1978–2000) and a subsample of individuals measured in the three surveys. Partial correlations controlling for age at each observation were calculated for each variable in the three sex‐specific samples measured on two occasions, and for the subsamples of males and females measured on three occasions.

Results

Allowing for variation in age among subsamples, inter‐age correlations were moderate to high for stature, moderate for sitting height and estimated leg length, and low to moderate for weight, BMI, arm and estimated arm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold, and grip strength.

Conclusion

Allowing for the relatively broad chronological age intervals, the inter‐age correlations for height, weight and BMI were at the low end, while those for grip strength and for strength per unit body weight for males (though not females) were generally in the range of correlations noted in studies of European samples. Likely associated with improved health, nutritional, and sanitation conditions, obesity and overweight were emerging among adults by 2000. Obesity and overweight in adults paralleled the introduction of mechanized agriculture that reduced routine physical work. Among children, the association of obesity and overweight is likely with increased nutritional availability, but poor choices in diet.
Hypertension and cerebral blood flow in the development of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bachmann Dario , Saake Antje , Studer Sandro , Buchmann Andreas , Rauen Katrin , Gruber Esmeralda , Michels Lars , Nitsch Roger M. , Hock Christoph , Gietl Anton , Treyer Valerie ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

We investigated the interactive associations between amyloid and hypertension on the entorhinal cortex (EC) tau and atrophy and the role of cerebral blood flow (CBF) as a shared mechanism by which amyloid and hypertension contribute to EC tau and regional white matter hyperintensities (WMHs).

METHODS

We analyzed data from older adults without dementia participating in the Add‐Tau study (NCT02958670, n = 138) or Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (n = 523) who had available amyloid‐positron emission tomography (PET), tau‐PET, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A subsample in both cohorts had available arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI (Add‐Tau: n = 78; ADNI: n = 89).

RESULTS

The detrimental effects of hypertension on AD pathology and EC thickness were more pronounced in the Add‐Tau cohort. Increased amyloid burden was associated with decreased occipital gray matter CBF in the ADNI cohort. In both cohorts, lower regional gray matter CBF was associated with higher EC tau and posterior WMH burden.

DISCUSSION

Reduced cerebral perfusion may be one common mechanism through which hypertension and amyloid are related to increased EC tau and WMH volume.

Highlights

Hypertension is associated with increased entorhinal cortex (EC) tau, particularly in the presence of amyloid.

Decreased cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF) is associated with higher regional white matter hyperintensity volume.

Increasing amyloid burden is associated with decreasing CBF in the occipital lobe.

MTL CBF and amyloid are synergistically associated with EC tau.
Factors associated with cognitive reserve according to education level
Authors: Kim Yeshin , Stern Yaakov , Seo Sang Won , Na Duk L. , Jang Jae‐Won , Jang Hyemin ,   Cognitive Reserve Research Group of Korea Dementia Association
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

We investigated distinctive factors associated with cognitive reserve (CR) based on education level.

METHODS

Among 1247 participants who underwent neuropsychological assessment, amyloid positron emission tomography, and brain magnetic resonance imaging, 336 participants with low education (≤6 years) and 697 with high education (≥12 years) were selected. CR was measured as the difference between the predicted and observed value of cognitive function based on cortical thickness. Multiple linear regression was conducted in each group after controlling for age and sex.

RESULTS

In the low‐education group, low literacy, long sleep duration(>8 h/day), and diabetes were negatively associated with CR, whereas cognitive and physical activity were positively associated with CR. In the high‐education group, cognitive activity was positively related to CR, whereas low literacy, long sleep duration (> 8 h/day), and depression were negatively related to CR.

DISCUSSION

This study provides insights into different strategies for enhancing CR based on educational background.

Highlights

Factors associated with cognitive reserve (CR) varied according to the education level.

Diabetes and physical activity were associated with CR in the low‐education group.

Depression was related to CR in the high‐education group.

Low literacy, sleep duration, and cognitive activity were associated with CR in both groups.

Dementia‐prevention strategies should be tailored according to educational level.
Unprecedented Silver‐Based Hybrid Pyroelectric Enabling Wide Spectral Photo‐Pyroelectricity for Birefringence Photomodulation
Authors: Zeng Xi , Li Fu , Liu Yi , Ma Yu , Chen Yaoyao , Zhou Yang , Zhu Pengfei , Zhang Hongbin , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua
Published: September 2024

Birefringent crystal, which has the capacity to manipulate polarization light, holds an indispensable position in optics and optoelectronics, while it remains challenging to fulfill the modulation of birefringence. Here, we present wide spectral photo‐pyroelectric effect in a silver‐based hybrid pyroelectric, (N‐CHM)Ag2I3 (N‐CHM=N‐cyclohexylmethylamine), serving as a feasible strategy to regulate birefringence through light stimuli. As the first silver‐based hybrid pyroelectric, (N‐CHM)Ag2I3 exhibits strong room‐temperature photo‐pyroelectricity with a large polarization of ~3.23 μC/cm2 and high voltage responsivity of ~0.96 m2/C across the UV–NIR spectral region. Strikingly, the photomodulation of its in‐plane birefringence is established through pyroelectric effect, giving a saturation value of ~1.68×10−2 that is among the highest level achieved to date. This study on the birefringence photomodulation of lead‐free hybrid pyroelectric is anticipated to boost future development of new smart optical and optoelectronic devices.