bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-throughput screening of non-conventional yeasts for conversion of organic waste to microbial oils via carboxylate platform
Authors: Žganjar Mia , Ogrizović Mojca , Matul Mojca , Čadež Neža , Gunde-Cimerman Nina , González-Fernández Cristina , Gostinčar Cene , Tomás-Pejó Elia , Petrovič Uroš
Published: June 2024

Converting waste into high-value products promotes sustainability by reducing waste and creating new revenue streams. This study investigates the potential of diverse yeasts for microbial oil production by utilizing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that can be produced from organic waste and focuses on identifying strains with the best SCFA utilisation, tolerance and lipid production. A collection of 1434 yeast strains was cultivated with SCFAs as the sole carbon source. Eleven strains emerged as candidates with promising growth rates and high lipid accumulation. Subsequent fermentation experiments in liquid SCFA-rich media, which focused on optimizing lipid accumulation by adjusting the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, showed an increase in lipid content at a C/N ratio of 200:1, but with a concurrent reduction in biomass. Two strains were characterized by their superior ability to produce lipids compared to the reference strain Yarrowia lipolytica CECT124: Y. lipolytica EXF-17398 and Pichia manshurica EXF-7849. Characterization of these two strains indicated that they exhibit a biotechnologically relevant balance between maximizing lipid yield and maintaining growth at high SCFA concentrations. These results emphasize the potential of using SCFAs as a sustainable feedstock for oleochemical production, offering a dual benefit of waste valorisation and microbial oil production.
Assessing safety and efficacy of TNFi treatment in late onset ankylosing spondylitis: a TURKBIO registry study
Authors: Uslu Sadettin , Gulle Semih , Sen Gercek , Cefle Ayse , Yilmaz Sema , Kocaer Sinem Burcu , Yuce Inel Tuba , Koca Suleyman Serdar , Yolbas Servet , Ozturk Mehmet Akif , Senel Soner , Inanc Nevsun , Dalkilic Huseyin Ediz , Soysal Gunduz Ozgul , Tufan Abdurrahman , Akar Servet , Birlik Ahmet Merih , Sari Ismail , Akkoc Nurullah , Onen Fatos
Published: June 2024

Clinical data on the use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in late-onset ankylosing spondylitis (LoAS) are limited. The present study aimed to evaluate efficacy, safety, and treatment adherence associated with the initial use of TNFi therapy in biologic naive patients diagnosed with LoAS. Patients whose age of onset was ≥ 45 years and < 45 years were classified as having LoAS and YoAS, respectively, based on the age of symptom onset. There were 2573 patients with YoAS and 281 LoAS. Baseline disease activity measures were similar between the groups. No significant differences were seen between the two groups in response to treatment and in remaining on the first TNFi at 6, 12 and 24 months. In the LoAS group, the analysis showed that TNFi discontinuation was linked to VAS pain score (HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.06). Patient groups had similar rates of adverse events (YoAS: 8.7% vs. LoAS: 11.7%). In both biologic naive LoAS and YoAS patients, the study showed that the initial TNFi therapy was equally effective and safe.
Direct formation of copper nanoparticles from atoms at graphitic step edges lowers overpotential and improves selectivity of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Burwell Tom , Thangamuthu Madasamy , Aliev Gazi N. , Ghaderzadeh Sadegh , Kohlrausch Emerson C. , Chen Yifan , Theis Wolfgang , Norman Luke T. , Fernandes Jesum Alves , Besley Elena , Licence Pete , Khlobystov Andrei N.
Published: June 2024

A key strategy for minimizing our reliance on precious metals is to increase the fraction of surface atoms and improve the metal-support interface. In this work, we employ a solvent/ligand/counterion-free method to deposit copper in the atomic form directly onto a nanotextured surface of graphitized carbon nanofibers (GNFs). Our results demonstrate that under these conditions, copper atoms coalesce into nanoparticles securely anchored to the graphitic step edges, limiting their growth to 2–5 nm. The resultant hybrid Cu/GNF material displays high selectivity in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for formate production with a faradaic efficiency of ~94% at -0.38 V vs RHE and a high turnover frequency of 2.78 × 106 h-1. The Cu nanoparticles adhered to the graphitic step edges significantly enhance electron transfer to CO2. Long-term CO2RR tests coupled with atomic-scale elucidation of changes in Cu/GNF reveal nanoparticles coarsening, and a simultaneous increase in the fraction of single Cu atoms. These changes in the catalyst structure make the onset of the CO2 reduction potential more negative, leading to less formate production at -0.38 V vs RHE, correlating with a less efficient competition of CO2 with H2O for adsorption on single Cu atoms on the graphitic surfaces, revealed by density functional theory calculations.
Automatic beam optimization method for scanning electron microscopy based on electron beam Kernel estimation
Authors: Cho Yunje , Cho Junghee , Park Jonghyeok , Wang Jeonghyun , Jeong Seunggyo , Lee Jubok , Hwang Yun , Kim Jiwoong , Yu Jeongwoo , Chung Heesu , Park Hyenok , Shon Subong , Jo Taeyong , Lee Myungjun , Kim Kwangrak
Published: June 2024

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) leverages electron wavelengths for nanoscale imaging, necessitating precise parameter adjustments like focus, stigmator, and aperture alignment. However, traditional methods depend on skilled personnel and are time-consuming. Existing auto-focus and auto-stigmation techniques face challenges due to interdependent nature of these parameters and sample diversity. We propose a beam kernel estimation method to independently optimize SEM parameters, regardless of sample variations. Our approach untangles parameter influences, enabling concurrent optimization of focus, stigmator x, y, and aperture-align x, y. It achieves robust performance, with average errors of 1.00 μm for focus, 0.30% for stigmators, and 0.79% for aperture alignment, surpassing sharpness-based approach with its average errors of 6.42 μm for focus and 2.32% for stigmators and lacking in aperture-align capabilities. Our approach addresses SEM parameter interplay via blind deconvolution, facilitating rapid and automated optimization, thereby enhancing precision, efficiency, and applicability across scientific and industrial domains.
Minimally-invasive implantable device enhances brain cancer suppression
Authors: Cao Xiaona , Li Jie , Ren Jinliang , Peng Jiajin , Zhong Ruyue , He Jiahao , Xu Ting , Yu Zhenhua , Jin Huawei , Hao Siqi , Liu Ruiwei , Xu Bingzhe
Published: June 2024

Current brain tumor treatments are limited by the skull and BBB, leading to poor prognosis and short survival for glioma patients. We introduce a novel minimally-invasive brain tumor suppression (MIBTS) device combining personalized intracranial electric field therapy with in-situ chemotherapeutic coating. The core of our MIBTS technique is a wireless-ultrasound-powered, chip-sized, lightweight device with all functional circuits encapsulated in a small but efficient “Swiss-roll” structure, guaranteeing enhanced energy conversion while requiring tiny implantation windows ( ~ 3 × 5 mm), which favors broad consumers acceptance and easy-to-use of the device. Compared with existing technologies, competitive advantages in terms of tumor suppressive efficacy and therapeutic resolution were noticed, with maximum ~80% higher suppression effect than first-line chemotherapy and 50–70% higher than the most advanced tumor treating field technology. In addition, patient-personalized therapy strategies could be tuned from the MIBTS without increasing size or adding circuits on the integrated chip, ensuring the optimal therapeutic effect and avoid tumor resistance. These groundbreaking achievements of MIBTS offer new hope for controlling tumor recurrence and extending patient survival.
Development in competitive immunoassay of a point-of-care testing for cotinine (COT) detection in urine
Authors: Konziw Suthinee , Tunakhun Paweena , Ngernpimai Sawinee , Srichaiyapol Oranee , Boonsiri Patcharee , Tippayawat Patcharaporn , Techasen Anchalee , Maraming Pornsuda , Choowongkomon Kiattawee , Daduang Sakda , Promdee Limthong , Daduang Jureerut
Published: June 2024

We present a sensitive and selective lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for cotinine (COT), the primary metabolite of nicotine.
Cell recognition based on features extracted by AFM and parameter optimization classifiers
Authors: Wang Junxi , Yang Fan , Wang Bowei , Hu Jing , Liu Mengnan , Wang Xia , Dong Jianjun , Song Guicai , Wang Zuobin
Published: June 2024

This study employed an atomic force microscope (AFM) to characterize the morphological and mechanical properties of four cell lines. Then a cell recognition method based on machine learning and feature engineering was proposed.
Correlative multimodal optical and X-ray fluorescence imaging of brominated fluorophores
Authors: Adair Liam D. , Graziotto Marcus E. , Koh Terry , Kidman Clinton J. , Schwehr Bradley J. , Hackett Mark J. , Massi Massimiliano , Harris Hugh H. , New Elizabeth J.
Published: June 2024

Multimodal imaging can maximise information gained from a single sample. In this study, we report multimodal probes for optical and X-ray fluorescence microscopy, based on brominated fluorophores, which we use in direct correlative imaging studies.
The spin polarization strategy regulates heterogeneous catalytic activity performance: from fundamentals to applications
Authors: Wang Yan , Sun Junkang , Sun Ning , Zhang Mengyang , Liu Xianya , Zhang Anlei , Wang Longlu
Published: June 2024

In recent years, there has been significant attention towards the development of catalysts that exhibit superior performance and environmentally friendly attributes.
Advances and challenges in molecular engineering of 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures
Authors: Ma Ke , Sun Jiaonan , Dou Letian
Published: June 2024

Advances in the understanding and applications of perovskite 2D/3D heterostructures were overviewed with a focus on ligand design principles.
Putative reaction mechanism of nitrogenase with a half-dissociated S2B ligand
Authors: Jiang Hao , Ryde Ulf
Published: June 2024

With QM/MM calculations we study whether dissociation of the S2B sulfide ligand from one of its two coordinating Fe ions may affect later parts of the reaction mechanism of nitrogenase.
Fabrication of thiosemicarbazone-based Pd(ii) complexes: structural elucidations, catalytic activity towards Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction and antitumor activity against TNBC cells
Authors: Bera Biswajit , Jana Pulak , Mandal Subrata , Kundu Sudip , Das Akash , Chattopadhyay Krishnananda , Mondal Tapan Kumar
Published: June 2024

The catalytic activity of new heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone-based Pd(ii) complexes towards Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, biomolecular interactions and antitumor activity is explored.
Synthesis, structure, and alkynylation reactivity of alkynyl-silicate, -germanate, and -stannate
Authors: Iwabuchi Shuta , Morofuji Tatsuya , Kano Naokazu
Published: June 2024

The first anionic phenylethynyl-substituted pentacoordinated group 14 compounds were synthesized, crystallographically characterized, and applied for the nucleophilic alkynyl-group-transfer reagents.
Porous carbon composites as clean energy materials with extraordinary methane storage capacity
Authors: Alali Ibtisam , Shehu Amina U. , Mokaya Robert
Published: June 2024

Activated carbon composites containing alumina have high porosity (up to ∼2800 m2 g−1 and 1.5 cm3 g−1) and packing density (∼1 g cm−3), which translates to extraordinary methane volumetric uptake of up to 474 cm3 (STP) cm−3 at 25 °C and 100 bar.
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract reverts glycaemic imbalance and cognitive impairment in an animal model of obesity
Authors: Alves Mariana da Rocha , Nascimento Roberto de Paula , da Fonseca Machado Ana Paula , dos Santos Philipe , Aledo Eduardo , Morandi Vuolo Milena , Cavalheiro Carolina Oliveira , Giaculi Vinícius Oliveira , Berilli Patrícia , dos Santos Nathália Medina , Marostica Junior Mario Roberto
Published: June 2024

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) ameliorates glycaemic impairment in an obese animals.
Correction: Improvements in properties of polybenzoxazine-based laser-induced graphene (LIG) by alloying with polyimide and modeling of production process
Authors: Lawan Ibrahim , Luengrojanakul Panuwat , Charoensuk Krittapas , Argunam Hariharan , Ahn Cheol-Hee , Rimdusit Sarawut
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Improvements in properties of polybenzoxazine-based laser-induced graphene (LIG) by alloying with polyimide and modeling of production process' by Ibrahim Lawan et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2024, 6, 1556–1564, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NA01026K.
Nanosized Chevrel phases for dendrite-free zinc–ion based energy storage: unraveling the phase transformations
Authors: Elgendy Amr , Papaderakis Athanasios A. , Ejigu Andinet , Helmbrecht Katharina , Spencer Ben F. , Groß Axel , Walton Alex S. , Lewis David J. , Dryfe Robert A. W.
Published: June 2024

Nanoscale tailoring of Chevrel phase Mo6S8 unveils its properties as a host for zinc ions. Rapid ion transport, coupled with the emergence of a previously unknown phase, transform the understanding of zinc ion (de)intercalation in these materials.
Advanced dual-atom catalysts on graphitic carbon nitride for enhanced hydrogen evolution via water splitting
Authors: Liu Xinghui , Hoang Dang Kim , Nguyen Quynh Anh T. , Dinh Phuc Do , Kim Seong-Gon , Nam Pham Cam , Kumar Ashwani , Zhang Fuchun , Zhi Chunyi , Bui Viet Q.
Published: June 2024

This study explores novel DACs for enhanced hydrogen evolution using DFT calculations, identifying materials with high electrochemical stability and low energy barriers, paving the way for advanced sustainable energy technologies.
MgH2 nanoparticles confined in reduced graphene oxide pillared with organosilica: a novel type of hydrogen storage material
Authors: Yan Feng , Moretón Alfonsín Estela , Ngene Peter , de Graaf Sytze , De Luca Oreste , Cao Huatang , Spyrou Konstantinos , Lu Liqiang , Thomou Eleni , Pei Yutao , Kooi Bart J. , Gournis Dimitrios P. , de Jongh Petra E. , Rudolf Petra
Published: June 2024

Reduced graphene oxide pillared with organosilica hosts MgH2 nanoparticles, enhancing its hydrogen storage performance with the small particle size.
Regulation of microtubule dynamics and function in living cells via cucurbit[7]uril host–guest assembly
Authors: Saroha Akshay , Bosco Monica Swetha , Menon Sneha , Kumari Pratibha , Maity Tanmoy , Rana Subinoy , Kotak Sachin , Mondal Jagannath , Agasti Sarit S.
Published: June 2024

We describe here a reconfigurable supramolecular system based on cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) host–guest chemistry to regulate the dynamics and functions of microtubules in living cells.
Zinc oxide nanoflake/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite-based dual-acting electrodes for solar-assisted supercapacitor applications
Authors: Altaf Cigdem Tuc , Colak Tuluhan Olcayto , Rostas Arpad Mihai , Socaci Crina , Lazar Mihaela Diana , Tudoran Lucian Barbu , Aleinawi Mohamad Hasan , Misirlioglu Feray Bakan , Yildirim Ipek Deniz , Erdem Emre , Sankir Nurdan Demirci , Sankir Mehmet
Published: June 2024

There is an ever-growing requirement for systems that enable both conversion and storage of solar energy in the same device, thereby reducing the need for grid electricity and fossil fuels.
The Efficacy of
Story Champs
for Improving Oral Language in Third-Grade Spanish–English Bilingual Students With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Risueño R. J. , Gray Shelley , Romeo Savannah
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

We investigated the efficacy of
Story Champs
for improving oral language in third-grade Spanish–English bilingual children with developmental language disorder (DLD).

Method:

We implemented a concurrent multiple-baseline across-participants single-case design with four bilingual Spanish–English third-grade students with DLD. Treatment was carried out over 12 sessions with approximately two sessions per week. Maintenance sessions were conducted 1, 2, and 4 weeks postintervention. Participants were explicitly taught story grammar elements, causal and temporal connections, and modifiers within story retells and personal narratives. Dependent variables were story grammar, grammatical complexity, modifiers and listening comprehension within story retells, and story grammar and grammatical complexity within personal narratives. Outcome measures were assessed at the end of every baseline, intervention, and maintenance session using the Narrative Language Measures–Listening (NLM-L).

Results:

Visual analyses for outcome measures suggested slight increases in scores on the NLM-L during intervention accompanied by marked variability. Within-case analyses of story retell performance suggested an intervention effect on story grammar for two participants and on grammatical complexity and modifier use for one participant. For personal narratives, within-case analyses of personal narrative performance suggested an intervention effect on story grammar for one participant.

Conclusions:

Overall,
Story Champs
demonstrated efficacy for improving story grammar use in story retells for three out of four participants. It did not show efficacy for improving grammatical complexity, modifier use, or listening comprehension within story retells, nor did it show efficacy for improving story grammar and grammatical complexity within personal narratives.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26053033
Writing in Elementary Students With Language-Based Learning Disabilities: A Pilot Study to Examine Feasibility and Promise
Authors: Puranik Cynthia S. , Koutsoftas Anthony
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

Although children with language-based learning disabilities (LLD) demonstrate significant difficulties with writing, empirical evidence to support interventions is sparse. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and promise of a writing intervention for fourth- and fifth-grade students with LLD (WILLD: writing in students with LLD). The intervention components included word-, sentence-, and discourse-level writing processes and instructional practices using self-regulation strategies.

Method:

Participants for this study were 15 students with LLD, recruited from three different schools. Students' writing was assessed using a sentence probe task and obtaining an informative paragraph writing sample as a measure of proximal writing outcomes. Trained speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and special educators delivered the intervention in a small-group format over 12 weeks. Using a within-group pre–post design, we examined changes in writing outcomes before and after the intervention.

Results:

Results indicated that the intervention helped students improve their informative writing skills; students' writing quality showed a statistically significant increase, and grammatical errors showed a significant decrease.

Conclusions:

Evidence from this pilot effort indicates that WILLD was feasible and appears to show promise for improving writing outcomes for fourth- and fifth-grade students with LLD when delivered by SLPs and special educators in a small-group format. Implications of the results and directions for future research are discussed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26053132
Warped disk evolution in grid-based simulations
Authors: Kimmig C. N. , Dullemond C. P.
Published: June 2024

Context. Multiple observations have offered evidence that a significant fraction of protoplanetary disks contain warps. A warp in a disk evolves over time, affecting the appearance and shape of shadows and arcs. It also greatly influences kinematic signatures. Understanding warp evolution helps provide valuable insights into its origins.

Aims. Thus far, numerous theoretical studies of warped disks have been conducted using methods based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). In our approach, we use a grid-based method in spherical coordinates, which offers notable advantages. For instance, it allows for an accurate modeling of low viscosity values. Furthermore, the resolution does not depend on density or mass of the disk and permits surface structures to be resolved.

Methods. We performed 3D simulations using FARGO3D to simulate the evolution of a warped disk and compared the results to 1D models. We extensively investigated the applicability of grid-based methods to misaligned disks and tested their dependence on the grid resolution as well as the disk viscosity.

Results. We find that grid-based hydrodynamic simulations are capable of simulating disks not aligned to the grid geometry. Our 3D simulation of a warped disk offers an apt comparison with 1D models in terms of the evolution of inclination. However, we also found a twist that is not captured in 1D models. After thorough analysis, we suspect this to be a physical effect possibly caused by non-linear effects neglected in the 1D equations. Evaluating the internal dynamics, we found sloshing and breathing motions, as predicted in local shearing box analysis. They may become supersonic, possibly leading to strong consequences for kinematic observations.

Conclusions. Warped disks can be accurately modeled in 3D grid-based hydrodynamics simulations when using a reasonably good resolution, especially in the θ-direction. We find a good agreement with the linear approximation of the sloshing motion, which highlights the reliability of 1D models.
From gas to stars: MUSEings on the internal evolution of IC 1613
Authors: Taibi S. , Battaglia G. , Roth M. M. , Kamann S. , Iorio G. , Gallart C. , Leaman R. , Skillman E. D. , Kacharov N. , Beasley M. A. , Mancera Piña P. E. , van de Ven G.
Published: June 2024

Context. The kinematics and chemical composition of stellar populations of different ages provide crucial information on the evolution of the various components of a galaxy.

Aim. Our aim is to determine the kinematics of individual stars as a function of age in IC 1613, a star-forming, gas-rich, and isolated dwarf galaxy of the Local Group (LG).

Methods. We present results of a new spectroscopic survey of IC 1613 conducted with MUSE, an integral field spectrograph mounted on the Very Large Telescope. We extracted ∼2000 sources, from which we separated stellar objects for their subsequent spectral analysis. The quality of the dataset allowed us to obtain accurate classifications (Teff to better than 500 K) and line-of-sight velocities (with average δv ∼ 7 km s−1) for about 800 stars. Our sample includes not only red giant branch (RGB) and main sequence (MS) stars, but also a number of probable Be and C stars. We also obtained reliable metallicities (δ[Fe/H] ∼ 0.25 dex) for about 300 RGB stars.

Results. The kinematic analysis of IC 1613 revealed for the first time the presence of stellar rotation with high significance. We found general agreement with the rotation velocity of the neutral gas component. Examining the kinematics of stars as a function of broad age ranges, we find that the velocity dispersion increases as a function of age, with the behaviour being very clear in the outermost pointings, while the rotation-to-velocity dispersion support decreases. On timescales of < 1 Gyr, the stellar kinematics still follow very closely that of the neutral gas, while the two components decouple on longer timescales. The chemical analysis of the RGB stars revealed average properties comparable to other Local Group dwarf galaxies. We also provide a new estimation of the inclination angle using only independent stellar tracers.

Conclusions. Our work provides the largest spectroscopic sample of an isolated LG dwarf galaxy. The results obtained seem to support the scenario in which the stars of a dwarf galaxy are born from a less turbulent gas over time.
Evidence for bipolar explosions in Type IIP supernovae
Authors: Nagao T. , Maeda K. , Mattila S. , Kuncarayakti H. , Kawabata M. , Taguchi K. , Nakaoka T. , Cikota A. , Bulla M. , Vasylyev S. S. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Yamanaka M. , Isogai K. , Uno K. , Ogawa M. , Inutsuka S. , Tsurumi M. , Imazawa R. , Kawabata K. S.
Published: June 2024

Aims. Recent observations of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) suggest aspherical explosions. Globally, aspherical structures in SN explosions are thought to encode information regarding the underlying explosion mechanism. However, the exact explosion geometries from the inner cores to the outer envelopes are poorly understood.

Methods. Here, we present photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric observations of the Type IIP SN 2021yja and discuss its explosion geometry in comparison to those of other Type IIP SNe that show large-scale aspherical structures in their hydrogen envelopes (SNe 2012aw, 2013ej and 2017gmr).

Results. During the plateau phase, SNe 2012aw and 2021yja exhibit high continuum polarization characterized by two components with perpendicular polarization angles. This behavior can be interpreted as being due to a bipolar explosion, where the SN ejecta is composed of a polar (energetic) component and an equatorial (bulk) component. In such a bipolar explosion, an aspherical axis created by the polar ejecta would dominate at early phases, while the perpendicular axis along the equatorial ejecta would emerge at late phases after the photosphere in the polar ejecta has receded. Our interpretation of the explosions in SNe 2012aw and 2021yja as bipolar is also supported by other observational properties, including the time evolution of the line velocities and the line shapes in the nebular spectra. The polarization of other Type IIP SNe that show large-scale aspherical structures in the hydrogen envelope (SNe 2013ej and 2017gmr) is also consistent with the bipolar-explosion scenario, although this is not conclusive.
Physical properties of strong 1 < z < 3 Balmer and Paschen line emitters observed with JWST
Authors: Seillé L.-M. , Buat V. , Fernández V. , Boquien M. , Roehlly Y. , Boselli A. , Calabrò A. , Amorín R. O. , Arrabal Haro P. , Backhaus B. E. , Bagley M. B. , Burgarella D. , Cleri N. J. , Dickinson M. , Finkelstein S. L. , Hathi N. P. , Holwerda B. W. , Kartaltepe J. S. , Koekemoer A. M. , Napolitano L. , Pacucci F. , Papovich C. , Pirzkal N. , Robertson C. , Yung L. Y. A.
Published: June 2024

Context. The ultraviolet continuum traces young stars while the near-infrared unveils older stellar populations and dust-obscured regions. Balmer emission lines provide insights into gas properties and young stellar objects but are highly affected by dust attenuation. The near-infrared Paschen lines suffer less dust attenuation and can be used to measure star formation rates (SFRs) in star-forming regions obscured by dust clouds.

Aims. We present a new way of combining spectro-photometric data in order to test the robustness of the SFRs and stellar mass estimates of star-forming sources observed with JWST. We also aim to quantify the amount of differential attenuation between the interstellar medium and the birth clouds with the use of Paschen emission lines.

Methods. We select 13 sources between redshifts 1 and 3 observed with HST, JWST/NIRCam and NIRSpec based on the availability of at least one Balmer and one Paschen line with S/N ≥ 5. With a newly developed version of CIGALE, we fit their hydrogen line equivalent widths (EWs) and photometric data. We assess the impacts of the removal of spectroscopic data by comparing the quality of the fits of the spectro-photometric data to those with photometric data only. We compare the single (BC03) vs binary (BPASS) stellar population models in the fitting process of spectro-photometric data. We derive the differential attenuation and explore different attenuation recipes by fitting spectro-photometric data with BC03. For each stellar model and for each input dataset (with and without EWs), we quantify the deviation on the SFRs and stellar masses from the “standard” choice.

Results. The combination of spectro-photometric data provides robust constraints on the physical properties of galaxies, with a significant reduction in the uncertainties compared to using only photometric data. On average, the SFRs are overestimated and the stellar masses are underestimated when EWs are not included as input data. We find a major contribution of the Hα emission line to the broadband photometric measurements of our sources, and a trend of increasing contribution with specific SFR. Using the BPASS models has a significant impact on the derived SFRs and stellar masses, with SFRs being higher by an average of 0.13 dex and stellar masses being lower by an average of 0.18 dex compared to BC03. We show that a flexible attenuation recipe provides more accurate estimates of the dust attenuation parameters, especially the differential attenuation. Finally, we reconstruct the total effective attenuation curves of the most dust-obscured galaxies in our sample.
Disentangling the co-evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes with PRIMA
Authors: Bisigello L. , Gruppioni C. , Bolatto A. , Ciesla L. , Pope A. , Armus L. , Smith J. D. , Somerville R. S. , Yung L. Y. A. , Wright R. J. , Bradford C. M. , Glenn J. , Feltre A.
Published: June 2024

The most active phases of star formation and black hole accretion are strongly affected by dust extinction, making far-infrared (FIR) observations the best way to disentangle and study the co-evolution of galaxies and super massive black holes. The plethora of fine-structure lines and emission features from dust and ionised and neutral atomic and warm molecular gas in the rest-frame mid-infrared (MIR) and FIR provide unmatched diagnostic opportunities to determine the properties of gas and dust, measure gas-phase metallicities, and map cold galactic outflows in even the most obscured galaxies. By combining multi-band photometric surveys with low- and high-resolution FIR spectroscopy, the PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics (PRIMA), a 1.8 m diameter, cryogenically cooled FIR observatory currently at the conception stage, will revolutionise the field of galaxy evolution by taking advantage of this IR toolkit to find and study dusty galaxies across galactic time. In this work, we make use of the phenomenological simulation SPRITZ and the Santa Cruz semi-analytical model to describe how a moderately deep multi-band PRIMA photometric survey can easily reach beyond previous IR missions to detect and study galaxies down to 1011 L⊙ beyond cosmic noon and at least up to z = 4, even in the absence of gravitational lensing. By decomposing the spectral energy distribution (SED) of these photometrically selected galaxies, we show that PRIMA can be used to accurately measure the relative AGN power, the mass fraction contributed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the total IR luminosity. At the same time, spectroscopic follow up with PRIMA will allow us to trace both the star formation and black hole accretion rates (SFRs and BHARs), the gas-phase metallicities, and the mass-outflow rates of cold gas in hundreds to thousands of individual galaxies to z = 2.
The role of governance in ensuring economic growth and reducing emissions: A case study of Bulgaria
Authors: Stoyanova-Asenova Stanislava , Sushchenko Olena , Stryzhak Olena , Asenov Anatoliy
Published: June 2024

In most instances, economic growth is accompanied by heightened emissions. Nevertheless, effective governmental governance can potentially ameliorate the adverse environmental ramifications of economic growth. In this vein, utilizing a case study of Bulgaria, this article seeks to investigate the links between GDP levels, emission levels, and the quality of governmental administration. This study utilizes annual data for Bulgaria spanning from 1996 to 2022. To derive the outcomes, the following methodologies were employed: correlation analysis; logarithmic transformation; Dickey-Fuller test calculation; determination of the first differences of logarithms for non-stationary time series; correlogram construction; Granger causality test calculation; and graphical analysis. The study revealed causal links from RL to CC and from METH to GE in the short term. Moreover, connections were identified from GDP to CC, from RL to CC, and from METH to GE. In the long term, causal links were observed from GE to VA, from PV to CO2E, from PV to METH, from RL to CO2E, from RL to VA, from VA to GE, from VA to GDP, and from CO2E to GE. In all cases, the links were unidirectional. No direct correlation was detected between GDP and emission levels, as well as between GDP and the quality of government regulation in the case of Bulgaria. All computations were conducted using the EViews 12 software.
Diversification source’s financing of innovation and investment projects in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine
Authors: Matsiievych Tetiana , Telichko Nataliia , Neboha Tetiana , Kunitsyn Maksym
Published: June 2024

The development of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex significantly impacts the country's economy as a whole, especially during martial law. The products of the agro-industrial complex have a significant share in the volume of exports and are the primary representative of the revenues of the state budget of Ukraine. Therefore, the study of the diversification of sources of financing of the agro-industrial complex is relevant. This study aims to assess the latest trends in the development of the agro-industrial complex and develop recommendations for the development of the economy of Ukraine as a whole, taking into account the conditions of wartime. During the research, historical analysis, forecasting, and abstraction were used. As part of the study, statistical data for 2019-2023 were analysed, so the number of operating enterprises of the agro-industrial complex during the analysed period decreased by 31.45%. The latest trends in the development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine are characterized, and the main directions of its innovative and investment development are defined. Therefore, in martial law conditions, using a project approach to innovative investment financing of agroindustrial complex enterprises, which need exceptional support, becomes even more relevant. That is why separate recommendations were given regarding sources, modern technologies, digitalization, and directions for diversifying sources of financing for innovation and investment projects in the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine.
The by-products of grain production are an ecological and economic solution to the energy crisis
Authors: Shabatura Tetiana , Shevchenko Alisa , Petrenko Olga , Halytskyi Oleksandr
Published: June 2024

The study substantiates that effective handling of by-products of grain production will contribute to ensuring the energy and environmental security of Ukraine. The main methods of crop waste management by Ukrainian farmers are considered, where preference is given to burning straw and stubble in the field. This method of disposal of by-products of grain production is environmentally hazardous, exacerbating the climate crisis. It is determined that Ukraine has a powerful energy potential of by-products of grain production because it is leading in the crop industry. It is proposed that by-products of grain production be used for energy purposes, namely direct combustion, to obtain thermal energy. Based on the use of the linear model, the production of by-products from the main grain crops in Ukraine from 2022 to 2050 is predicted. The ecological and economic benefits from the use of byproducts of grain production as an alternative source of energy at the level of territorial communities of Ukraine are substantiated.
Ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery compared to conventional breast-conserving surgery
Authors: Boeer Bettina , Obermoser Jennifer , Marx Mario , Schönfisch Birgitt , Grube Marcel , Röhm Carmen , Helms Gisela , Fugunt Regina , Hartkopf Andreas D , Brucker Sara Y , Hahn Markus
Published: June 2024

Purpose The goal of breast-conserving surgery is to achieve negative tumor margins, since insufficient marginal distance is associated with more local and distant recurrences. This study investigates whether IOUS (intraoperative ultrasound) can reduce the re-resection rate compared to standard breast surgery, regardless of tumor biology and focality.

Materials and Methods The present study is a monocentric, prospective, randomized, and non-blinded parallel group study conducted between 7/2015 and 2/2018. Patients with sonographically visible breast cancer were randomized into two study arms: 1) breast-conserving surgery with IOUS; 2) conventional arm.

Results 364 patients were included in the study and underwent surgery. Tumor biology, size, and focality were equally distributed in both groups (p = 0.497). The study arms did not differ significantly in the proportion of preoperative wire markings (p= 0.084), specimen weight (p = 0.225), surgery duration (p = 0.849), and the proportion of shavings taken intraoperatively (p = 0.903). Positive margins were present in 16.6% of the cases in the IOUS arm and in 20.8% in the conventional arm (p = 0.347). Re-operation was necessary after intraoperative shavings in 14.4% of cases in the US arm and in 21.3% in the conventional arm (p = 0.100).

Conclusion Although the present study showed a clear difference in the rate of positive tumor margins with IOUS compared to conventional breast surgery without IOUS, this was not statistically significant in contrast to the current literature. This could be due to the high expertise of the breast surgeons, the precise wire marking, or the fact that the IOUS technique was not standardized.
Implantate aus der Herz- und Gefäßchirurgie
Authors: Jankwitz Elisa
Published: June 2024

Im vierten Teil unserer Serie stellen wir Implantate vor, die am und im Gefäßsystem verwendet werden: Aus welchen Materialien bestehen sie, bei welchen Indikationen kommen sie zum Einsatz und welche Besonderheiten gibt es?
Ramadan Fasting and Feasting Illustrated!
Authors: Aljanahi Muhanned Humaid , Afandi Bachar O.
Published: June 2024

This vignette highlights the challenges faced by individuals with diabetes during Ramadan fasting and provides recommendations for effective management. The vignette presents the case of a 56-year-old man with type 2 diabetes who observes Ramadan fasting without seeking medical advice, resulting in poorly controlled blood glucose levels and associated symptoms. It underscores the importance of pre-Ramadan consultation, frequent blood glucose monitoring, and tailored management plans to address the unique needs of patients with diabetes during this religious observance.
Physios für die Zukunft
Authors: Pintarelli-Rauschenbach Manuela
Published: June 2024

Gesunde Umwelt – gesunde Zukunft. Gesunde Physiotherapiebranche – gesicherte Patient*innenversorgung. In
dieser Ausgabe vermitteln wir Ihnen, wie sich der VPT dafür einsetzt, dass sich die Rahmenbedingungen in
der Physiotherapie weiter verbessern und dass die physiotherapeutischen Berufe für den Nachwuchs
attraktiv bleiben. Ein ganz entscheidender Faktor dabei ist für junge Menschen – und uns alle – inwieweit
sich berufliches Handeln nachhaltig realisieren lässt. Wir beleuchten das Thema in unseren VPT
Campus-Seiten ab ► Seite 8. Lesen Sie, was der VPT angehenden Therapeut*innen bietet, um
sie fit für die Zukunft zu machen und das Thema „planetare Gesundheit“ mit zu berücksichtigen.
Fostering students’ geographical synthetic thinking using geographic subject mind maps
Authors: Huang Zhijie , Yang Ye , Dong Lirong , Gao Aimin , Guo Zhenyu , Wang Jiasheng , Zhang Xia , Zhao Yuanpeng , Lu Xiaoxu
Published: June 2024

The term “geographical synthetic thinking” is taken from the latest Chinese version of the “Geography Curriculum Standards” (General High School 2017 edition, Compulsory Education 2022 edition) and is one of the four core competencies prioritized in the teaching of geography at the secondary-school level. This study proposes that using geographic subject mind maps improves students’ geographical synthetic thinking and develops a set of geographic subject mind map (GSMM) drawing standards for teachers and matching standards and suggestions for teaching applications. Seven geography teachers and their students from eight class sections in seven provinces and cities in China were recruited to participate in the study. The teachers taught students how to use geographic subject mind maps designed to develop students’ geographical synthetic thinking in the geography classroom. After 4–5 experimental lessons, the geographical synthetic thinking level of the 267 valid student participants showed a significant improvement, with a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. The teachers’ level of application of geographic subject mind maps in teaching was significantly and positively correlated with the students’ improvements in geographical synthetic thinking, demonstrating that the standardized use of geographic subject mind maps in accordance with teaching application standards can effectively improve students’ geographical synthetic thinking levels.
Multi-longitudinal mode 532 nm photonic Doppler velocimetry for shock experiments
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Shouxian , Li Jianzhong , Tao Shixing , Meng Jianhua
Published: June 2024

A novel multi-longitudinal mode 532 nm photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) was proposed to solve the problem of high bandwidth requirements in shock experiments with velocities up to km/s. Compared to the conventional PDV system operating at 1550 nm, the utilization of a shorter wavelength of 532 nm enables nearly three times the velocity resolution. However, it also leads to a threefold increase in the Doppler frequency shift for a given velocity. To mitigate the bandwidth constraints, a multi-longitudinal mode laser is employed to downconvert the signal, effectively reducing the bandwidth requirements. The efficacy of this method is validated through theoretical analysis and experimental investigations on detonation shock scenarios. Furthermore, this approach eliminates the necessity for modulators, frequency shifters, and other devices, facilitating its applicability to non-communication bands.
Initial stress approach-based finite element analysis for viscoelastic materials under generalized Maxwell model
Authors: Wang Xueren , Wang Yanchao , Qiang Hongfu , Bai Jianfang , Luo Chao , Zhao Zhipeng
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces a conceptual framework for finite element analysis of generalized Maxwell viscoelastic materials based on the initial stress approach. The proposed method facilitates the explicit and convenient determination of mechanical parameters for viscoelastic materials by directly utilizing relaxation test data. Each time step’s viscoelastic relaxation stress is treated as the initial stress, and a recursive calculation formula for the material’s initial stress is established, relying solely on the relaxation stress and strain from the previous time step. Based on this, the study outlines the computational steps for initial-stress-based finite element analysis of elastic materials. The proposed algorithm’s accuracy and efficiency are validated through a classical one-dimensional axial rod example. Results demonstrate that the introduced initial stress-type finite element analysis maintains the stiffness matrix equal to the initial stiffness matrix throughout the calculation process, significantly enhancing the efficiency of finite element analysis for viscoelastic materials while reducing the computational resource required. The conceptual framework improves the efficiency and accuracy of analyzing the mechanical parameters of viscoelastic materials using relaxation test data.
High efficiency large-angle polarization-insensitive retroreflecting metasurface for magneto-optical traps
Authors: Heki Larry K. , Chao Roark , Isichenko Andrei , Mohtashami Yahya , Chauhan Nitesh , Blumenthal Daniel J. , Schuller Jon A.
Published: June 2024

Three-dimensional magneto-optical traps (3D-MOTs) are an integral component of atomic clocks, quantum computers, and other cold-atom science applications. Due to the dependence on bulk optics and lasers, conventional 3D-MOTs occupy a large volume, limiting their portability. Efforts to build 3D-MOTs using integrated photonics promise to reduce the size and weight of these systems allowing applications beyond the lab. However, the need for counterpropagating beams to facilitate 4- and 6-beam geometries necessitates free-space mirrors and quarter wave plates (QWPs) that limit integration. Replacing these mirrors and QWPs with planar retroreflecting metasurfaces provides a route to achieving a complete 3D-MOT within an integrated package. Here, we report on the design and demonstration of a retroreflecting metasurface for 3D-MOTs that operates at large angles and preserves circular polarization. Specifically, we utilize Bayesian optimization to design an amorphous silicon (a-Si) on gold metasurface for high efficiency polarization-insensitive retroreflection of 780 nm circularly polarized light at 54.7°. Numerical simulations demonstrate maintenance of circular polarization after highly efficient retroreflection (ϵ−1=1.10, R−1=0.86). Experimentally, we demonstrate similarly excellent performance at 736 nm at 50.3° (ϵ−1=1.04, R−1=0.73) and show that deviation from the target design is due to oxidation of the a-Si metaelements. We conclude by discussing mitigation strategies for future devices and propose a corrective optic for the currently fabricated device. This work represents a step toward the miniaturization of 3D-MOTs and expansion of cold-atom science beyond the laboratory.
Terahertz programmable metasurface for phase modulation based on free carrier plasma dispersion effect
Authors: Hu Renjie , Min Qixuan , Liu Xin , Dai Anli , Guo Jinying , Situ Guohai
Published: June 2024

Active metasurfaces utilize semiconductor carrier modulation, offering an approach for spatial light modulation with advantages in speed, efficiency, and power consumption. Here, we present a method for designing programmable metasurfaces that leverage the plasma dispersion effect of semiconductors to tune terahertz wave phase. By integrating the PN junction into the metasurface unit and adjusting the relative permittivity of the PN junction through voltage control, the reflected wave phase can be effectively manipulated. The designed metasurface enables continuous phase modulation of up to 270° around 0.4 THz, with an average reflection efficiency of 30% and potential modulation speed in the GHz range. Additionally, by configuring different phase distributions, the metasurface can steer terahertz beams at different angles, achieving a far-field radiation peak gain of 13 dB. This proposed programmable metasurface shows great potential for applications in terahertz communication and imaging.