bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of coherent structures in augmented heat flux in roughness-aided Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Chand Krishan , Sharma Mukesh , De Arnab Kr.
Published: December 2024

In the present work, we investigate the effect of conical roughness on heat flux and coherent structures for Rayleigh number Ra=108 in a three-dimensional (3D) cubic cell filled with air. Two roughness setups are explored, and unlike the uniform case, height of the conical elements varies as 50−100% of the maximum roughness height for the irregular case. In addition, we also study their half-variants, i.e., half-uniform (HU) and half-roughness (HR), where the rough surface is considered only on the bottom plate. While heat flux increases significantly in the rough cases, roughness weakly impacts the flow strength. The heat flux increases due to emission of a large number of intense thermal plumes, which is confirmed by an increase in plume volume fraction Vpl. Larger temperature variance in the rough cases confirms the frequent emission of thermal plumes. A shift in mean temperature in the bulk region is observed for HU and HR cases due to a surge in hot plumes emitting from the rough bottom surface. Large-scale circulation (LSC) remains in the diagonal plane in the smooth case, whereas it is found aligned along the Cartesian planes in the rough cases. The strength and orientation of the LSC are quantified by Reynolds number based on angular velocity. In the plane of LSC, we also obtain greater local heat flux in rough cases. Power spectra of temperature fluctuations reveal the existence of Bolgiano–Obukhov (BO59) scaling in the bulk region.
Curvature effects on a bluff-body wake
Authors: Sukuroglu B. , Yalcinkaya Y. , Gungor A. G.
Published: December 2024

This paper prioritizes advancing the understanding of curvature effects on bluff-body wakes to address the possible influence of wake and vorticity dynamics of non-reacting flows inside curved combustors. First, large eddy simulation of a non-reacting flow is carried out in a well-defined triangular bluff-body geometry with no curvature effect. Then, curvature is introduced to the flow field by curving the walls of the combustor. As the curvature increases, the symmetry of the flow field breaks by diverting toward the combustor's convex side. Higher turbulence generation is achieved in the near-wake region, reaching the trailing edge of the bluff body. The dominant mechanism in the near-wake region is found to be the hydrodynamic instabilities rather than the curvature effect. Along the lower shear layer, the coherent structures have appeared as more twisted and non-organized with augmented curvature. The structures along the upper shear layer showed well-organized and quasi-two-dimensional behavior. Curvature-induced Taylor–Görtler instability causes streamwise-elongated vortices to form along the combustor walls, and middle and far-wake regions. These elongated structures are found to be the result of vortex stretching/tilting due to curvature. Stretching/tilting are observed in the recirculation region for all configurations. However, the strengths of those motions are highly altered as the curvature increases, referring to higher turbulent activities near the bluff-body trailing edge. The lower shear layer is governed by the streamwise and wall-normal stretching of vortices in curved configurations. This characteristic seemed as the governing vorticity mechanism for the unstable behavior of the lower shear layer.
Numerical simulation study of vortex cavitation and induced pulsation characteristics in spiral lobe pumps
Authors: Zhou Hengzhi , Xiang Chun , Zhou Peijian , Wu Yanzhao , Meng Long , Sun Liping
Published: December 2024

Lobe pumps are used in many different sectors because of their versatility and effectiveness for managing multiphase flows. In this study, three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the vortex cavitation phenomenon in these pumps. The work combines dynamic meshing techniques, advanced vortex recognition methods, and a full cavitation model to provide insight into the genesis, evolution, and influence of vortex cavitation on pump performance. The results of the study demonstrate that under high-speed and high-pressure conditions, vortex flow occurs at the edge of the rear of the rotor lobe in the suction chamber of the lobe pump, resulting in the production of vortex cavitation. Cavitation is most strong at the core of the vortex, while the degree of cavitation at the edge of the vortex gradually diminished. The gas volume fraction reduces from 0.135 to 0.0832, and this makes the pressure decrease from 1.055 to 1.02 MP. The process of genesis, development, and removal of vortex cavitation is cyclic. At different levels of cavitation, the degree of pulsation in pump outlet flow, pressure, and radial force increases with increasing cavitation. Periodic vortex cavitation leads to periodic changes in pump output pressure, flow rate, radial force, and axial force.
Modeling of the brain movement and cerebrospinal fluid flow within porous subarachnoid space under translational impacts
Authors: Lang Ji , Wu Qianhong
Published: December 2024

Traumatic brain injury remains a significant global health concern, requiring advanced understanding and mitigation strategies. In current brain concussion research, there is a significant knowledge gap: the critical role of transient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the porous subarachnoid space (SAS) has long been overlooked. To address this limitation, we are developing a simplified mathematical model to investigate the CSF pressurization in the porous arachnoid trabeculae and the resulting motion of brain matter when the head is exposed to a translational impact. The model simplifies the head into an inner solid object (brain) and an outer rigid shell (skull) with a thin, porous fluid gap (SAS). The CSF flow in the impact side (coup region) and the opposite side (contrecoup region) is modeled as porous squeezing and expanding flows, respectively. The flow through the side regions, which connect these regions, is governed by Darcy's law. We found that the porous arachnoid trabeculae network significantly dampens brain motion and reduces pressure variations within the SAS compared to a SAS without the porous arachnoid trabeculae (AT). This effect is particularly pronounced under high-frequency, periodic acceleration impacts, thereby lowering the risk of injury. The dampening effect can be attributed to the low permeability of the AT, which increases resistance to fluid movement and stabilizes the fluid and pressure responses within the SAS, thereby reducing extreme pressure fluctuations and brain displacement under impact. This work provides a foundational understanding of CSF flow dynamics, paving the way for innovative approaches to brain injury prevention and management.
Experimental study on the effect of nozzle configurations on snow quality for outdoor snow-makers
Authors: Yang Xiru , Wu Haifeng , Wang Ruixiang , Yu Fengjiao , Xu Rongji
Published: December 2024

In regions with unfavorable climatic conditions and insufficient natural snowfall, skiing development depends significantly on the support of outdoor snow-makers. The atomized droplets produced by the swirl nozzle of the snow-maker collide with the crystal nucleus produced by the air-assisted atomizer to generate snowflakes. The effects of various configurations of swirl nozzles on snowmaking efficiency and snow quality are notably significant. This study investigates the influence of nozzle number, nozzle diameter, and ambient temperature on snowmaking performance through an outdoor snowmaking experiment. The results indicate that an appropriate nozzle configuration (number and diameter) significantly enhances snow quality. The spatial uniformity of snow density is significantly enhanced when utilizing 24 nozzles with a diameter of 1.9 mm and 72 mixed-diameter nozzles. With a nozzle diameter of 1.7 mm, the snow production of 48 and 80 nozzles is comparable; however, the water consumption of 48 nozzles is lower. Furthermore, at low temperatures, the artificial snow produced by the mixed-diameter nozzles exhibits snow quality characteristics comparable to those produced at high temperatures. Nevertheless, snow production is lower than that of the single-diameter nozzle configuration. Simultaneously, the density of the artificial snow produced at high temperatures is generally greater than that produced at low temperatures. Experimental measurements of the grain size of the artificial snow are concentrated between 0.15 and 0.55 mm. This study provides a basis for regulating snow quality in ski resorts. Additionally, it offers guidance on the design and structuring of efficient snow-makers.
Transcriptomic analysis of luteal tissue supports the earlier onset of luteolysis in heifers with diminished ovarian reserve
Authors: Kaps Martim , Snider Alexandria P. , Quail Lacey K. , Miles Jeremy R. , Perry George A. , Cushman Robert A.
Published: December 2024

Context Antral follicle count (AFC) is reflective of ovarian reserve and linked to reproductive performance in mammalian females. We previously demonstrated earlier upregulation of endometrial oxytocin receptor transcription in heifers with low AFC, indicating an earlier onset of luteolysis. Aims We aimed to support the earlier onset of luteolysis in non-pregnant heifers with a low number of antral ovarian follicles (Open Low AFC) and hypothesized a reduced abundance of luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LH/CG-R) and increased abundance of thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) in luteal tissue of those heifers. We further investigated if classical interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) are already upregulated in response to conceptus-derived interferon tau. Methods For 4 years, 10 heifers with the highest (High AFC) and 10 heifers with the lowest AFC (Low AFC) of the population (n = 120/year) were selected, synchronized and inseminated. On day 15 or 16 after insemination, reproductive tracts were collected, and pregnancy status was determined. Corpora lutea were isolated, weighed and underwent transcriptomic analysis. Key results Transcript abundance of LH/CG-R was lower in Open Low AFC heifers compared to all other subgroups. Transcript abundance of THBS1 was upregulated in Open vs Pregnant heifers and showed greater abundance in Low vs High AFC heifers. Luteal weights and abundance of ISGs did not differ between heifers of differing AFC groups or pregnancy status. Conclusions The patterns of luteal LH/CG-R and THBS1 abundance support the concept of earlier onset of luteolysis in Open heifers with diminished AFC. Implications This may result in a shorter window for maternal recognition of pregnancy and contribute to inferior reproductive performance.
Capturing power in diplomatic language use
Authors: House Juliane , Kádár Dániel Z. , Todorović Tadej , Klemenčič Matjaž , Hazemali David , Onič Tomaž , Plemenitaš Katja
Published: December 2024

In this study we capture power dynamics in diplomacy from a pragmatic angle, by examining a closed-door diplomatic
mediatory negotiation and its aftermath. We first analyse the transcript of a mediation session between representatives of Slovenia and
Croatia and a European Economic Community (EEC) delegation during the breakup of Yugoslavia. While the EEC representatives officially acted
as mediators, they had earlier secretly agreed with the Yugoslav side to keep Yugoslavia intact. Second, we examine the transcript of a
meeting between Slovenian politicians shortly after the mediation session. Studying these two datasets helps us to capture how power
manifests itself in the mediatory negotiation studied, and how it is judged by the powerless afterwards. Focusing on language behaviour in
the two datasets provides insight into the presence of power in a diplomatic situation where it should in theory not be played out. We use
speech acts to analyse our data.
Theoretical analysis of a fractional-order nipah virus transmission system with sensitivity and cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Barman Snehasis , Jana Soovoojeet , Majee Suvankar , Kar T K
Published: December 2024

Nipah virus is a newly discovered infectious illness in a crowded world. It has a deadly impact on both the human and animal populations. Controlling the disease will need a deeper understanding of the route of transmission. To better explain how the illness behaves, an epidemic system consisting of eight separate compartments has been devised based on the actual Requirement, which uses a set of fractional-order differential equations. With the assistance of the next-generation matrix method, the basic reproduction numbers for humans (

R

0

m

) and animals (

R

0

a

) are determined. Depending upon the numerical quantity of

R

0

m

,

R

0

a

, the feasibility and existence requirements of the system at the equilibria are investigated. Also, we observe that the system displays two transcritical bifurcations: one occurs at

R

0

a

=
1

for any value of

R

0

m

and the second one occurs at

R

0

m

=
1

for

R

0

a

<
1

. Additionally, we looked at optimal control strategies by considering treatment and media as two dynamic control variables. Two ratios are computed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of all feasible control measures: the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and the infected averted ratio. Moreover, the impact of system parameters on disease transmission is determined by performing the sensitivity analysis.
Modeling marburg virus control with limited hospital beds: a fractional approach
Authors: Soni Kaushal , Kumar Sinha Arvind
Published: December 2024

The Marburg virus is a serious global health threat due to its high mortality rate and rapid transmission. Effective control measures, such as hospital beds, are vital but often limited by inadequate healthcare resources. This study aims to address this challenge by developing a fractional-order epidemic model for Marburg virus, which considers the effects of limited hospital beds on transmission dynamics. We present a model to provide a more accurate understanding of Marburg virus transmission patterns and prevalence incorporating the memory effect through a fractional-order approach. The study explores the impact of constrained healthcare resources on virus progression and calculates the basic reproduction number using the next-generation matrix technique. Further analysis of the model’s global dynamics is conducted using reproduction numbers, the Lyapunov functional approach, and the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, shedding light on how hospital bed availability influences disease progression.We also apply Hyers-Ulam stability criterion to find the stability of the model and obtain numerical solutions through a fractional Lagrange two-step interpolation method. The fractional-order Marburg virus model, by accounting for memory effects, offers a more nuanced understanding of the disease dynamics compared to classical models. Our results demonstrate that increasing hospital bed availability significantly reduces Marburg virus infection rates. This approach highlights the value of fractional calculus in epidemiological modeling, offering significant insights into optimal control measures and strategies to improve public health outcomes during Marburg virus outbreaks.
Scale-dependent chirality as a smoking gun for Abelian gauge fields during inflation
Authors: Özsoy Ogan , Papageorgiou Alexandros , Fasiello Matteo
Published: December 2024

Axion-inflation models are a compelling candidate as a mechanism behind the accelerated expansion in the early universe in light of the possibility to embed them in higher dimensional UV complete theories and the exciting prospect of testing them with next-generation cosmological probes. Adding an Abelian gauge sector to axion-inflation models makes for a rich, interesting, phenomenology spanning from primordial black holes to gravitational waves (GWs). Several recent studies employ an approximate analytic (Gaussian) template to characterize the effect of gauge field production on cosmological perturbations. In this work we go beyond such approximation and numerically study particle production and the ensuing scalar and tensor spectra. We find a significant deviation from results based on log-normally distributed vector field excitations. As an important phenomenological application of the improved method, we study the expected chirality and spectral index of the sourced GW background at scales relevant for current and next-generation GW detectors. One striking feature is that of a scale-dependent chirality. We derive a consistency relation between these two observables that can serve as an important tool in identifying key signatures of multi-field dynamics in axion inflation.
Constraining small-scale primordial magnetic fields from the abundance of primordial black holes
Authors: Kushwaha Ashu , Suyama Teruaki
Published: December 2024

The presence of magnetic fields in the early universe affects the cosmological processes,
leading to the distinct signature, which allows constraining their properties and the genesis
mechanisms. In this study, we revisit the method to constrain the amplitude of the magnetic fields
on small scales in the radiation-dominated era from the abundance of primordial black holes.
Constraints in the previous work were based on the fact that the density perturbations sourced by
stronger magnetic fields become large enough to gravitationally collapse to form PBHs. However, we
demonstrate that this picture is incomplete because magnetic fields also increase the threshold
value of the density contrast required for PBH formation. The increase in threshold density
contrast is more pronounced on smaller scales, and in extreme cases, it might even prevent PBH
production despite the presence of significant magnetic field. Taking into account the relevant
physical effects on the magnetized overdense region, we establish an upper-limit on the amplitude
of comoving magnetic fields, approximately 0.13-0.15 μG at a scale of 1017
Mpc-1. Additionally, we compare our constraints with various small-scale probes.
Propagation characteristics of nonplanar electron acoustic waves in nonthermal plasma
Authors: Ullah Shakir , Al-Shomar S M , Affan Hira , Fathy Naglaa , Mahmoud Safwat A , Attia Mohamed S
Published: December 2024

Nonplanar electron acoustic waves (NEAWs) with double spectral index-distributed hot electrons are studied under the two-temperature electrons model in a collisionless unmagnetized plasma. Using this model, the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is derived in nonplanar geometry. On the basis of the solutions of KdV equation, alterations of velocity, width, and amplitude of acoustic waves having various plasma factors are investigated. Nonlinear and dispersion coefficients obtained rely on double spectral index parameters r and q, and particle density α. The combined influence of these factors significantly alters the features of electron acoustic waves in nonplanar geometry. This study is expected to contribute to the understanding of nonlinear principles that underlie nonplanar electrostatic waves in laboratory plasmas as well as in space.
Entanglement and energy transportation in central-spin quantum battery
Authors: Liu 刘 Fan 帆 , Yang 杨 Hui-Yu 慧宇 , Wang 王 Shuai-Li 帅立 , Wang 王 Jun-Zhong 俊钟 , Zhang 张 Kun 堃 , Wang 王 Xiao-Hui 晓辉
Published: December 2024

Quantum battery exploits the principle of quantum mechanics to transport and store energy. We study the energy transportation of the central-spin quantum battery, which is composed of N
b spins serving as the battery cells, and surrounded by N
c spins serving as the charger cells. We apply the invariant subspace method to solve the dynamics of the central-spin battery with a large number of spins. We establish a universal inverse relationship between the battery capacity and the battery–charger entanglement, which persists in any size of the battery and charger cells. Moreover, we find that when N
b = N
c, the central-spin battery has the optimal energy transportation, corresponding to the minimal battery–charger entanglement. Surprisingly, the central-spin battery has a uniform energy transportation behaviors in certain battery–charger scales. Our results reveal a nonmonotonic relationship between the battery–charger size and the energy transportation efficiency, which may provide more insights on designing other types of quantum batteries.
Optimizing the performance of an indirect Time of Flight (iToF) LiDAR by adjusting optical power and level of modulation frequency
Authors: Nikmah A , Ramadani R , Firdaus R A , Kartolo S , Rianaris A , Pratomo H , Hanto D , Hapiddin A
Published: December 2024

The LiDAR system should be optimally designed to recognize any object, regardless of its surface or reflectance. Several key factors influence the performance of LiDAR, such as laser wavelength, optical power, modulation frequency, detector, signal processing, and others. This work validates the distance measurement performance of the indirect time of flight (iToF) LiDAR system by adjusting optical power and level of modulation frequency. Two target materials—aluminum foil (AF) and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)—were experimentally characterized by measuring each target from 1 m to 56 meters. The optical power is adjusted by applying a bias current of 60 mA and 100 mA from a laser driver. The level of modulation frequency varies from 500 mV, 1000 mV, and 1260 mV in a signal generator. The experiment’s results, achieved by combining optical power and level of modulation frequency, indicate that the proposed LiDAR system can effectively differentiate between two target materials and maintain high accuracy across various distances. High optical power and level of modulation frequency settings allow possibilities to improve the signal strength obtained by the receiver of the iToF LiDAR. Possibilities the higher signal strength is also obtained when the target has a higher reflectivity. Consequently, the LiDAR system can cover a maximum distance for a target AF and HIPS at 56 m and 31 m, respectively.
Evaluation of Zn-Mg alloys: Microstructural and mechanical properties under low sintering condition
Authors: Yunata E E , Widiatmoko P P , Fauzi A D
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the microstructural and mechanical properties of Zn-Mg alloys sintered at a temperature of 325°C for two hours. Zn-Mg alloys with varying magnesium (Mg) contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were synthesized, with CaCO3 added as a pore-generating agent to introduce controlled porosity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed pore sizes ranging from 70 to 113 μm, particularly prominent in the 20% Mg sample, which also exhibited a rough surface morphology. The mechanical properties, assessed using Micro Vickers hardness testing, showed a progressive increase in hardness from 18.30 HV to 23.82 HV with increasing Mg content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of MgZn2 and Mg2Zn11 phases, indicating significant phase development even at this low sintering temperature. The findings suggest that low-temperature sintering can effectively control the microstructural and mechanical properties of Zn-Mg alloys, offering insights that may contribute to their potential as biomaterials.
Effect of amorphous silica from rice husk on the structure and optical properties of PVA
Authors: Riyanto A , Machmudah S , Purwaningsih S Y , Pratapa S
Published: December 2024

Combining amorphous silica (SiO2) particles into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) results in a composite with unique optical characteristics. This study investigates the effects of SiO2 particles derived from rice husks on PVA’s structure and optical properties. Samples were prepared by blending PVA with SiO2 particles and casting the mixture into composite sheets. FTIR analysis exposed a reduction in hydroxyl groups (−OH) as the SiO2 content increased, designating stronger interactions among the −OH group and the particles through hydrogen bonds. XRD analysis showed increased molecular disorder and amorphousness with higher SiO2 concentrations. These structural changes altered optical properties, increasing the absorption spectrum as SiO2 concentration rose. The direct transition band gap reduced from 5.42 to 5.13 eV, and the indirect transition band gap dropped from 4.65 to 3.52 eV for pure PVA and the composite with 10% SiO2 content, respectively. Urbach energy enlarged from 0.52 to 1.41 eV, and the refractive index rose from 1.93 to 1.98.
Comparative analysis of material properties and applications of dried, fresh, and extracted longan leaves with Kopyor varieties
Authors: Paramita O , Ansori M , Putri S N , Mayangsari E D
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the properties of dried leaves, fresh leaves, and essential extracts to determine the best ways to utilize these leaves in various applications. It also seeks to identify the flavonoid content and test the antioxidant activity of extracts from kopyor longan leaves from Semarang Regency. The tested leaves include fresh leaves, extracts, and dried leaves. The research involves extraction, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity testing using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), FRAP, and ABTS methods. The kopyor longan leaf extract has the highest flavonoid content compared to fresh and dried leaf powder. The fresh leaf extract shows the highest antioxidant activity among the three samples, with the lowest IC50 (24.767 ppm). In antioxidant testing using the FRAP method, the dried leaf extract demonstrates higher antioxidant capacity than the fresh leaf extract and is more consistent than fresh leaves. The fresh leaf extract, tested with the ABTS method, shows a very high and consistent antioxidant capacity. In contrast, the dried leaf extract shows the highest and most consistent antioxidant capacity among the three samples. The kopyor longan leaf extract can be used to direct practical applications in the health and nutraceutical industries, focusing on the material’s most influential and consistent form.
Portable and inexpensive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy system for characterization of saline solution impedance
Authors: Rahmawati E , Santoso D R , Noor J A E , Dharmawan H A
Published: December 2024

The developed portable and inexpensive EIS instruments can measure impedance spectra from 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz. The instruments include a programmable current source from 1 μA to 300 μA for adjusting the range of impedance of the sample, which is possibly from 10 Ω to 1 kΩ, gain phase detector-based data acquisition, and microcontroller-PC-based software for controlling, collecting, and real-time plotting data in Bode and Nyquist diagram. The EIS system was validated by measuring dummy components’ impedance, resulting in less than 2% error. The system can measure the sample’s impedance and investigate the electrode-sample interface’s double-layer phenomenon with the available frequency range. This phenomenon is experienced in every impedance measurement and can affect the interpretation of the measurement spectrum. Furthermore, the instrument is applied to characterize the impedance of two different saline solutions (KCl and MgCl2) and the double-layer phenomena between electrode-electrolytes.
Implementation of Ethno-STEM based inquiry learning model assisted by LKPD to train creative thinking skills learners in the Merdeka curriculum learning
Authors: Anggreini  , Abdurrahman  , Kharisma D C
Published: December 2024

The lack of optimal learning innovation based on science, technology, and local wisdom that adapts to the characteristics of students has resulted in the Merdeka Curriculum being poorly implemented. Therefore, the specific target of this research is to produce ethno-STEM-based inquiry-based LKPD and see the effectiveness of ethno-STEM-based inquiry models on students’ creative thinking skills on the material of rigid body equilibrium. The research method combines hybrid design type III with mixed method sequential explanatory design. The sample of this research is SMAN 4 Metro. Based on the results of the LKPD validation, the average score was 85.5%, which is a very valid category for media and design validation, and 79.7%, which is a valid category for material and construct validation. The practicality test result obtained an average teacher perception test of 86.25% with an efficient category. The effectiveness test results obtained an average N-gain of 0.54 with a moderate category. Based on the study’s results, it can be concluded that applying the ethno-STEM-based inquiry model assisted by LKPD on the equilibrium material of firm bodies can train students’ creative thinking skills towards implementing the Merdeka Curriculum.
Profile analysis of students’ creative thinking ability in physics learning based on problem-based essay question instruments
Authors: Dwikoranto  , Admoko S , Dzulkiflih  , Setiani R , Khansa I H , Putra D A , Widiasih
Published: December 2024

This research aims to describe the profile of students’ creative thinking abilities using problem-solving-based creative thinking ability assessment instruments. Creative thinking skills tend to train students to come up with ideas and express themselves in the learning process. The instrument for targeting student profiles is in the form of an essay referring to the creative thinking indicators of fluency, elaboration, originality and flexibility. Using quantitative descriptive to analyze student profiles. The data collection technique uses a creative thinking ability test. The results of the implementation of the instrument showed that the level of creative thinking ability or student profile was obtained, and it was known that students’ abilities were categorized in each creative thinking indicator; the highest and lowest scores were respectively described in the specified aspects of creativity. The results of the analysis of students’ creative thinking abilities on renewable energy material were 68.0% in the creative category, 32.0% quite creative, and the average obtained for each indicator was 52.0%. Based on the data and analysis, it can be concluded that creative thinking abilities show the creative category and are creative enough so that physics learning is needed, which can further foster and increase student creativity.
Development of multimedia oriented to local wisdom to improve students’ understanding of physics concepts
Authors: Saputra O , Satriawan M , Anggaryani M , Habibbulloh M , Kholiq A
Published: December 2024

This research aims to develop learning media oriented to local wisdom and to find out how students respond to the media that has been developed. This research model uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) design. The sample for this research was 22 prospective teacher students at one of the universities in East Java province, Indonesia. The research results show that n-gain has increased by 0.71 (in the high category), and most students think the media developed is very useful for understanding phenomena in everyday life.
The collapse of students’ conceptions when solving physics problems
Authors: Widodo W , Mahdiannur M A , Suryanti
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to reveal whether students’ conceptions on the anchor concept can change along with the level of the physics problem to be solved. This descriptive research involves 58 prospective science teachers on Electrical Circuit material. Concept understanding was measured using a test instrument with the Three Tier-Test (TTT) method. While problem solving skills are measured using problem solving test instruments referring to the Multiple Misconception Revealing Test (MMRT). Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The results showed that students’ conceptions on the anchor concept can change when solving problems. Students who have correct conceptions (scientific conceptions) on the concept understanding test, do not always use their correct conceptions when solving problems. This finding indicates that even students with adequate conceptions try to switch to alternative concepts that are considered appropriate to the level of problem analysis so that the problem can be solved. And when they fail to choose the appropriate concept to solve the problem, there is a collapse of conception that leads to misconceptions when working on problem-solving problems. As an implication, physics educators must develop ways for students to defend their correct concepts when solving challenging physics problems.
Injectable, cryopreservable mesenchymal stromal cell-loaded microbeads for pro-angiogenic therapy: in vitro proof-of-concept
Authors: Touani Francesco K , Hamouda Inès , Noiseux Nicolas , Hoesli Corinne , Der Sarkissian Shant , Lerouge Sophie
Published: December 2024

Despite their recognized potential for ischemic tissue repair, the clinical use of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) is limited by the poor viability of cells after injection and the variability of their paracrine function. In this study, we show how the choice of biomaterial scaffolds and the addition of cell preconditioning treatment can address these limitations and establish a proof-of-concept for cryopreservable hMSC-loaded microbeads. Injectable microbeads in chitosan, chitosan–gelatin, and alginate were produced using stirred emulsification to obtain a similar volume moment mean diameter (D[4,3] ∼ 500 µm). Cell viability was determined through live/dead assays, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release was measured by ELISA. Proangiogenic function was studied by measuring the wound closure velocity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) co-cultured with MSC-loaded microbeads. The effect of freeze–thawing on microbeads morphology, porosity, injectability and encapsulated MSC was also studied. hMSC-loaded chitosan-based microbeads were found to release 11-fold more VEGF than alginate microbeads (p < 0.0001) and chitosan–gelatin was chosen for further studies because it presented the best cell viability. Preconditioning with celastrol significantly enhanced the viability (1.12-fold) and VEGF release (1.40-fold) of MSC-loaded in chitosan–gelatin microbeads, as well as their proangiogenic paracrine function (1.2-fold; p < 0.05). In addition, preconditioning significantly enhanced the viability of hMSC after 1 and 3 d in low-serum medium after cryopreservation (p < 0.05). Cryopreserved hMSC-loaded microbeads maintained their mechanical properties, were easily injectable through a 23G needle, and kept their paracrine function, enhancing the proliferation and migration of scratched HUVEC. This study shows the advantage of chitosan as a scaffold material and concludes that chitosan–gelatin microbeads with celastrol-preconditioned cells form a promising off-the-shelf, cryopreservable allogenic MSC product. In vivo testing is required to confirm their potential in treating ischemic diseases or other clinical applications.
Transforming education: Navigating the human-AI ecosystem in psychological training and beyond
Authors: Lushyn P V , Sukhenko Y V
Published: December 2024

This article explores the dynamic impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on education, with a focus on its integration into the field of psychology. The study analyzes the dichotomous nature of AI in educational settings, highlighting both its potential for innovation and the challenges it presents, particularly in terms of academic integrity and the quality of training. Utilizing the concept of self-organization of systems, the article examines AI as a transformative factor in education, necessitating a new order of collective interaction among educational participants. Empirical research is presented, comparing the content, structure, and style of texts generated by AI (specifically Claude 2.1 and ChatGPT 4) and psychology students. This comparison establishes criteria for differentiating between “human” and “artificial” texts, underscoring the unique aspects of human creativity and critical thinking that AI currently cannot replicate. The study also reveals the evolving role of educators as facilitators within a hybrid ecosystem of human and AI participants. The article proposes future research directions, including the exploration of collaborative interactions between individuals and AI and the development of accelerated learning methodologies within the human-AI ecosystem. It emphasizes the necessity of balancing the strengths of human creativity with AI’s computational efficiency, aiming to enhance student motivation and expand cognitive capabilities in educational settings. Furthermore, the article discusses the emergence of new professional roles such as AI user facilitators, and AI facilitators, highlighting the growing complexity of human-AI interactions. These roles are crucial for effective and ethical utilization of AI in education, especially in psychology. The article presents AI as a catalyst for significant paradigm shifts in education and professional training, particularly in socionomic fields. It advocates for a synergistic approach to education, where AI complements human abilities, leading to enriched learning experiences and the development of a more adaptive, personalized, and efficient educational landscape.
Artificial intelligence, the labor market, and education for sustainable development: the points of intersection
Authors: Osadcha K P , Shumeiko N V
Published: December 2024

This scientific paper is devoted to clarifying the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI), the modern labor market, and Education for sustainable development. Within this study, the authors concentrate their efforts on the following directions: (1) exploring the existing educational approaches and techniques, the knowledge of which helps minimize the possible negative consequences associated with the implementation of AI into the labor market; (2) analyzing Ukrainian and Slovak students’ points of views, that were obtained by surveying, on AI technologies and their potential effects on the labor market; (3) providing substantiation regarding the need of using the pedagogical strategies, particularly, (a-b) the implementation of AI-related technologies in the professional cycle disciplines, (c) assigning tasks that require AI technologies to exploit, (d) exploiting AI technologies as the source of improving the information infrastructure in HEIs. While formulating these pedagogical strategies, the authors comprised possible consequences (a negative effect of AI on the labor market, risks of applying AI in all spheres of human activity, a negative attitude of students toward AI) of AI application and the planned results. The authors considered the five dimensions of sustainability (technical, social, environmental, user, and economic) and presented them in the format of the Sustainability Awareness Diagram (SAD). The visualization of the effects that may result from the use of pedagogical strategies for Education for Sustainable Features is suggested. Each planned result is put in the SAD, assuming their influence (immediate, enabling, structural) on Sustainable Features. In overall, the proposed strategies aim to reduce the potential negative impacts of AI on the functioning of the labor market and instill a positive attitude toward AI technologies in university youth. The findings comprise the multifaceted and dynamic relationships between AI, the modern labor market, and Education for sustainable development. Results also reveal that AI technologies significantly impact the labor market by influencing job roles and skill requirements. Correspondingly, Education for sustainable development is vital in preparing young people to be aware of the evolving demands of the labor market impacted by AI, promoting skills that align with both technological improvements and sustainable practices.
Prospects for using composite preparations based on silica nanosols
Authors: Aksylenko M D , Sheludko Y V , Tkachenko T V , Haidai O O , Yevdokymenko V O
Published: December 2024

Composite preparations were created for foliar feeding of winter wheat using obtained silica nanosols and lignin fugate after coals carbonization. Both laboratory and vegetative studies have confirmed the effectiveness of created preparations for foliar treatments of Cubus winter wheat (T riticum aestivum L.). When applied, the preparations enhanced the moisture-holding capacity of leaves, photosynthetic processes of the leaf apparatus, and biosynthesis of organic matter, compared to the control group. Additionally, the studied compositions increased the content of endogenous antioxidants, such as carotenoids in plants, and reliably contributed to the reduction of peroxidation processes in cell membrane lipids. Their use could increase the drought resistance of wheat plants.
Tool for management and planning of the fuel and energy complex taking into account the production potential of coal-mining enterprises
Authors: Pochepov V M , Mamaikin O R , Sheka I V , Krukovskyi O P , Lapko V V , Ashcheulova O M
Published: December 2024

The article presents a toolkit of manage balanced functioning of the fuel and energy complex with the aim of improving the system of state support for coal mines and harmonizing the interests of the enterprise, national interests, and interests of product consumers. To solve the problem, a comprehensive approach was used, which includes the assessment of the investment attractiveness of the enterprise, the determination of the production potential, and the determination of the possibility of transition to the break-even mode. The process of planning ways of saving the industrial potential of coal-producing regions can be considered as a reflection of a multidimensional space (initial and design values) into a one-dimensional (the amount of investment funds). The reduced task to the selection of the smallest number of factors that would most adequately reflect the internal potential of mine in terms of economic added value – as a result of the interaction factors of economic activity of coal mine. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the formed matrix model of the commercial coal products balance is aimed at avoiding an imbalance in the sectoral coal market and significantly reducing unjustified costs both on the part of the state and on the part of mining enterprises due to the optimization of planned and forecast indicators. The practical significance lies in conducting an actual assessment of coal enterprises state of Ukraine and determining break-even limits, which made it possible to formulate recommendations for attracting volumes of financial resources.
Prediction of CO2 emissions during multimodal grain transportation
Authors: Matsiuk V , Yanovska V , Hurochkina V , Ilchenko N , Tvoronovych V
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of a research on the efficiency of multimodal grain transportation from Ukraine in the global supply chains. The research was conducted on the basis of the developed simulation model. Unlike existing ones the presented model takes into account the stochastic nature of the main technological operations and delays at the intersection point of different modes of transport. Using the developed simulation models, the process of transporting grains in global supply chains from Ukraine through the Mykolaiv Commercial Port was simulated. It was experimentally determined that the environmental impact of the multimodal route is significantly lower. CO2 emissions per ton of transported grains were 1 kg, which is almost 90 percent lower than when transported by the existing method.
Structural and functional content of xerophytic plants of Elytrigia repens L. genus
Authors: Pyurko O E , Khrystova T E , Pyurko V E , Arabadzhi-Tipenko L I
Published: December 2024

In the modern conditions of the ecological crisis, the study of adaptive changes in xerophyte plants, which form natural and cultural phytocenoses, has important theoretical and practical significance. Steppe phytocenoses of the Zaporizhia region, especially the Melitopol city and the Melitopol district, are represented by xerophytic associations. The research aim was to find out the histological and physiological rearrangements of the organs of the genus Elytrigia L. to determine adaptation features at the tissue level to water and temperature stresses. The subject of the study was the study of the structural and functional features of plant organs of the genus Elytrigia repens L. during adaptation to environmental factors (on the example of the Zaporizhzhia region, in particular the Melitopol city). The theoretical and methodological basis of the work was the synergistic use of a systemic approach, which led to a transparent approach to the choice of research methods, in particular: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization of literary sources); general biological (experimental method, quantitative-anatomical, physiological and system-structural analysis, methods of mathematical statistics. It was established that the adaptation of xerophytes of the genus Elytrígia L. to arid habitats is characterized by structural and functional rearrangements of vegetative organs, in particular, the presence of unicellular trichomes, which ensures a decrease in transpiration, an increase in the share of storage tissues in the leaf and conductive and mechanical elements in the stem, as well as a decrease in intensity photosynthesis under drought conditions. As a result of finding out the functional disturbances in the leaf under the influence of drought, in particular the intensity of photosynthesis and the specificity of the pigment composition of the experimental plant, it was proved that the experimental plants under normal conditions have a parabolic curve of photosynthesis, and under the influence of atmospheric drought these indicators have a hyperbolic shape, and the analysis of the results of daily of the dynamics of photosynthesis established that the most intense photosynthesis occurs in plants under normal conditions, and under the influence of drought in plants there is a decrease and inhibition of the process of photosynthesis.
Bioenergetic efficiency of growing miscanthus with sewage sediment
Authors: Lopushniak V I , Hrytsuliak H M , Kotsyubynsky A O , Voloshin Yu D , Hoisan T S , Sidelov A V
Published: December 2024

Cultivation of energy crops becomes relevant in areas with a high climatic potential for biomass accumulation. Many studies have established the effectiveness of applying sewage sludge on various types of soil, including under miscanthus and increasing biomass collection of various doses of its application. Field experiments were conducted in the West of our country, namely in the territory of the Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Tsenzhiv Yamnytska united territorial community. Application of growing fertilizers based on compost (SS – 40 t/ha +N
10
P
14
K
58 and Compost (SS + straw(3 : 1)) – 20 t/ha + N
50
P
16
K
67) ensures the highest yield of dry biomass of miscanthus (29.8 and 27.3 t/ha), as well as the output of gross energy (547 – 578 GJ/ha), which led to an increase in the energy efficiency coefficient from 3.3 to 4.1. Such a relationship describes the regression equation of the linear regression with the coefficients of determination (R
2 = 0.73).