bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental observation of a confined bubble moving in shear-thinning fluids
Authors: Chun SungGyu , Ji Bingqiang , Yang Zhengyu , Malik Vinit Kumar , Feng Jie
Published: December 2022

The motion of a long gas bubble in a confined capillary tube is ubiquitous in a wide range of engineering and biological applications. While the understanding of the deposited thin viscous film near the tube wall in Newtonian fluids is well developed, the deposition dynamics in commonly encountered non-Newtonian fluids remains much less studied. Here, we investigate the dynamics of a confined bubble moving in shear-thinning fluids with systematic experiments, varying the zero-shear-rate capillary number

$Ca_0$

in the range of

$O(10^{-3}\unicode{x2013}10^2)$

considering the zero-shear-rate viscosity. The thickness of the deposited liquid film, the bubble speed and the bubble front/rear menisci are measured, which are further rationalized with the recent theoretical studies based on appropriate rheological models. Compared with Newtonian fluids, the film thickness decreases for both the carboxymethyl cellulose and Carbopol solutions when the shear-thinning effect dominates. We show that the film thickness follows the scaling law from Aussillous & Quéré (Phys. Fluids, vol. 12, no. 10, 2000, pp. 2367–2371) with an effective capillary number

$Ca_e$

, considering the characteristic shear rate in the film as proposed by Picchi et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 918, no. A7, 2021, pp. 1–30).

$Ca_e$

is calculated by the Carreau number and the power-law index from the Carreau–Yasuda rheological model. The shear-thinning effect also influences the bubble speed and delays the transition to the parabolic region in the bubble front and rear menisci. In particular, a high degree of undulations on the bubble surface results in an intricate rear viscosity distribution for the rear meniscus and the deviation between the experiments and theory may require a further investigation to resolve the axial velocity field. Our study may advance the fundamental understandings and engineering guidelines for coating processes involving thin-film flows and non-Newtonian fluids.
Electrohydrodynamic tuning of the migration characteristics of a sedimenting compound drop
Authors: Boruah Manash Protim , Randive Pitambar R. , Pati Sukumar
Published: December 2022

Electrohydrodynamic sedimentation of simple drops has been a topic well-studied by researchers. However, electrohydrodynamic sedimentation of a compound drop would be critically influenced by the density of the involved phases and this has hitherto remained unaddressed. Herein, we develop a semi-analytical model for an eccentric compound drop settling under the action of gravity and an electric field using bispherical coordinates. The sedimentation velocity of the two drops (shell and core) is determined, and the same is applied to capture the influence of concomitant physical, hydrodynamic and electric properties on compound droplet sedimentation. The findings indicate that the compound drop may either sediment or de-sediment depending on the amount of eccentricity and its interplay with electrohydrodynamic parameters. Thereafter, the critical limit of eccentricity and time within which similar results are furnished by concentric and eccentric configurations is determined. It is found that, based on the property ratios, the eccentricity remains lower than 0.1 up to a non-dimensional time range of the order of 102–103, within which both the configurations can furnish a similar solution.
Phonetic spellings in the Late Modern English dialect of the Isle of Wight (based on EDD Online)
Authors: Markus Manfred
Published: December 2022

Phonetic spelling was common practice in English dialect texts until the API (English: IPA), in 1893, launched its normative signs of transcription. Nevertheless, phonetic spellings have rarely been studied, the least in dialects. This paper ventures to trace some of the immanent norms and the sound functions of some phonetic spellings in the Isle of Wight during the Late Modern English period. The investigation is mainly based on data retrieved from EDD Online, which allows for sophisticated aggregate queries so that spelling practices can be quantified and mapped. The paper focuses on spellings unique to the island, such as double a, e, and o before another vowel, that is, in diphthongs, and u-spellings for schwa in posttonic syllables. The figures for non-unique features, such as voicing of fricatives, are normalized and allow for correlation to other counties. In sum, the Isle of Wight accent was marked by its typical “drawl.”
Sensitive liberals and unfeeling conservatives? Interoceptive sensitivity predicts political liberalism
Authors: Ruisch Benjamin C. , Von Mohr Mariana , Naber Marnix , Tsakiris Manos , Fazio Russell H. , Scheepers Daan T.
Published: December 2022

The stark divide between the political right and left is rooted in conflicting beliefs, values, and personality—and, recent research suggests, perhaps even lower-level physiological differences between individuals. In this registered report, we investigated a novel domain of ideological differences in physiological processes: interoceptive sensitivity—that is, a person’s attunement to their own internal bodily states and signals (e.g., physiological arousal, pain, and respiration). We conducted two studies testing the hypothesis that greater interoceptive sensitivity would be associated with greater conservatism: one laboratory study in the Netherlands using a physiological heartbeat detection task and one large-scale online study in the United States employing an innovative webcam-based measure of interoceptive sensitivity. Contrary to our predictions, we found evidence that interoceptive sensitivity may instead predict greater political liberalism (versus conservatism), although this association was primarily limited to the American sample. We discuss implications for our understanding of the physiological underpinnings of political ideology.
Too strong to care? Investigating the links between formidability, worldviews, and views on climate and disaster
Authors: Prokosch Marjorie L. , Smith Colin Tucker , Kerry Nicholas , von Meding Jason
Published: December 2022

People vary in climate change skepticism and in their views on disaster cause and prevention. For example, the United States boasts higher rates of climate skepticism than other countries, especially among Republicans. Research into the individual differences that shape variation in climate-related beliefs represents an important opportunity for those seeking ways to mitigate climate change and climate-related disasters (e.g., floods). In this registered report, we proposed a study examining how individual difference in physical formidability, worldview, and affect relate to attitudes about disaster and climate change. We predicted that highly formidable men would tend to endorse social inequality, hold status quo defensive worldviews, report lower levels of empathy, and report attitudes that promote disaster risk accumulation via lesser support for social intervention. The results of an online study (Study 1) support the notion that men’s self-perceived formidability is related to disaster and climate change beliefs in the predicted direction and that this relationship is mediated by hierarchical worldview and status quo defense but not empathy. An analysis of a preliminary sample for the in-lab study (Study 2) suggests that self-perceived formidability relates to disaster views, climate views, and status quo maintaining worldviews.
Name Recall in the Synoptic Gospels
Authors: van de Weghe Luuk
Published: December 2022

Onomastic congruence (a feature defined in this article) is characteristic of historiographic biographies from the Early Empire. The Synoptic Gospels display onomastic congruence, as well as conservatism in their treatment of names. The preservation of names, especially those centred around key roles and events, suggests that some names may have been preserved in the oral archives of early Christian communities to footnote living eyewitness sources, paralleling historiographical situations.
Naming 1 Timothy 3.16b: A ‘Hymn’ by another Name?
Authors: Kidson Lyn M.
Published: December 2022

Most scholars assume that 1 Timothy 3.16b is a hymn, or a fragment of a hymn, belonging to another context. However, Furley (1995) points out that even the ancients had difficulty categorising their poetic materials. 1 Timothy 3.16b has no metre and neither praises God nor asks him for benefits, which are the usual indicators of a hymn. This article argues that 1 Timothy 3.16b was written by the writer for insertion into the letter, and it was intended to be used in his congregation as a bulwark (1 Tim 3.15) against his opponents. 1 Timothy 3.16b more closely resembles an epigram, normally written to accompany an epiphany of a god.
The Spectacle of the Patibulum: A Response to Ruben van Wingerden
Authors: Cook John Granger
Published: December 2022

Ruben van Wingerden's articles on carrying a patibulum and σταυρός are admirably precise. However, his analyses of two texts of Plautus and a fragment of Clodius Licinus are problematic. In contrast to van Wingerden's rather minimalistic conclusions regarding carrying a patibulum or σταυρός, it seems likely that carrying a patibulum was a general element in Roman practice in accounts in which patibula are mentioned in conjunction with crucifixions – even when there is no explicit reference to carrying the patibulum through the streets.
The Agricultural Background of the Harvest Logion in Matthew 9.37–8 and Luke (Q) 10.2
Authors: Howes Llewellyn
Published: December 2022

The saying in Matthew 9.37–8 and Luke (Q) 10.2 reads as follows: ‘He said to his disciples: The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. So ask the Lord of the harvest to dispatch workers into his harvest’. The present study attempts to illuminate this logion by considering its setting in first-century Palestine. The focus here is not on the logion's possible metaphorical application, but on the literal saying, which involves ancient agriculture.
Efficacy of technology-based interventions in psychosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Morales-Pillado Carla , Fernández-Castilla Belén , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Teresa , González-Fraile Eduardo , Barbeito Sara , Calvo Ana
Published: December 2022

Background

Technology-based interventions (TBIs) are a useful approach when attempting to provide therapy to more patients with psychosis.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials of outcomes of TBIs v. face-to-face interventions in psychosis were identified in a systematic search conducted in PubMed/Ovid MEDLINE. Data were extracted independently by two researchers, and standardized mean changes were pooled using a three-level model and network meta-analysis.

Results

Fifty-eight studies were included. TBIs complementing treatment as usual (TAU) were generally superior to face-to-face interventions (g = 0.16, p ≤ 0.0001) and to specific outcomes, namely, neurocognition (g = 0.13, p ≤ 0.0001), functioning (g = 0.25, p = 0.006), and social cognition (g = 0.32, p ≤ 0.05). Based on the network meta-analysis, the effect of two TBIs differed significantly from zero; these were the TBIs cognitive training for the neurocognitive outcome [g = 0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.23] and cognitive behavioral therapy for quality of life (g = 1.27; 95% CI 0.46–2.08). The variables educational level, type of medication, frequency of the intervention, and contact during the intervention moderated the effectiveness of TBIs over face-to-face interventions in neurocognition and symptomatology.

Conclusions

TBIs are effective for the management of neurocognition, symptomatology, functioning, social cognition, and quality of life outcomes in patients with psychosis. The results of the network meta-analysis showed the efficacy of some TBIs for neurocognition, symptomatology, and quality of life. Therefore, TBIs should be considered a complement to TAU in patients with psychosis.
The Novice Administrative State: The Function of Regulatory Commissions in the Progressive Era
Authors: Glock Judge
Published: December 2022

Researchers have long argued that an important impetus for the creation of the administrative state was the desire to bring experts into government and especially into the regulation of business. Yet Progressive Era politicians did not focus on attracting experts when crafting one part of the administrative state, independent regulatory commissions. This article examines the contemporary understanding of regulatory commissions and shows that they were most often intended as a substitute for vacillating juries. Commissions’ most important advantage over juries was that they acquired experience in investigations of a single subject over time, not that their appointees were already academics or experts in a particular subject. This article also shows that appointments to these commissions did not demonstrate a desire for apolitical expertise. This is the first examination of all members appointed to the Interstate Commerce Commission, Federal Trade Commission, Federal Power Commission, Federal Communications Commission, and the Securities and Exchange Commission in the period from 1887 to 1935. This article finds that political and sectional balance, rather than previous expertise, were the most important criteria for these commissions’ members, at least until the late 1920s, after the end of the supposed Progressive Era.
Short-Term Psychological Support for Civilians Exposed to the January 2015 Terrorist Attacks in France
Authors: Vuillermoz Cécile , Prieto Nathalie , Pirard Philippe , Baubet Thierry , Stene Lise Eilin , Vandentorren Stéphanie
Published: December 2022

Introduction:

Following a terrorist attack, responses to a psychosocial disaster range from low-intensity initiatives to high-intensity treatment. Some studies described post-disaster psychosocial services and planning across Europe. However, little is known about the psychosocial support (PS) actually delivered after terrorist attacks.

Study Objective:

This study assesses prevalence and the factors associated with not receiving short-term PS among terror-exposed people with probable mental health disorders following the January 2015 terrorist attacks in France.

Methods:

This study used data from the first wave of a longitudinal survey conducted six months after the attacks. Prevalence and factors associated with not receiving PS were described in the immediate period (48 hours), the early post-immediate period (48 hours-one week), and the medium-term (over one week) using a robust Poisson regression for each of the three periods.

Results:

Nearly one-half of the participants (N = 189) did not receive PS in any period (46.6% in the immediate period, 45.5% in the early post-immediate period, and 54.5% in the medium-term). In each period, not receiving PS was associated with not being very close to the attack sites. Not receiving PS in the immediate period was also associated with being a direct witness (DW) rather than being directly threatened (DT) and not having support in daily life; in the early post-immediate period, not receiving PS was associated with not having a peri-traumatic dissociation experience and being followed for a psychological problem before the attacks; and in the medium-term period, it was associated with perceived social isolation.

Conclusion:

The characteristics of the terror exposure and social support seemed to influence presence or absence of PS after the terrorist attack and highlight the need for strategies to reach out to people regardless of the type of exposure.
A Deep Learning‐Based Bias Correction Method for Predicting Ocean Surface Waves in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sun Danyi , Huang Wenyu , Luo Yong , Luo Jingjia , Wright Jonathon S. , Fu Haohuan , Wang Bin
Published: December 2022

Ocean waves, especially extreme waves, are vital for air‐sea interaction and shipping. However, current wave models still have significant biases. Based on a numerical wave model and a deep learning model, a BU‐Net by adding batch normalization layers to a U‐Net, we accurately predict the significant wave height (SWH) of the Northwest Pacific Ocean. For each day in 2017–2021, we conducted a 3‐day hindcast experiment using WAVEWATCH3 (WW3) to obtain the SWH forecasts at lead times of 24, 48, and 72 hr, forced by GFS real‐time forecast surface winds. After using BU‐Net, the mean Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSEs) of the SWH forecast from WW3 at lead times of 24, 48, and 72 hr are reduced by 40%, 38%, and 30%, respectively. During typhoon passages, the drop percentages of RMSEs all exceed 20% for three lead times. Therefore, combining numerical models and deep learning is very promising in wave forecasting.
Tropical Indian Ocean Warming Contributes to Arctic Warming
Authors: Xu Jianxiang , Luo Jing‐Jia , Yuan Chaoxia
Published: December 2022

Currently, the Arctic is undergoing a significant warming, which has exerted widespread impacts on global climate. Although many mechanisms responsible for the Arctic warming have been proposed, the impacts of the multi‐decadal change of tropical sea surface temperature receive little attention. Here we use numerical experiments to elucidate that the Indian Ocean (IO) warming may contribute to the Arctic warming. Through enhancing the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the IO warming remotely induces more ocean heat transport from the North Atlantic to the Arctic. The resulted upper ocean warming dominates the surface warming in the Arctic. Additionally, despite the net negative contribution of the atmospheric heat transport, more warm air is conveyed into the Kara Seas, North Eurasia, and North America sectors, contributing to the local warming. The results propose a new mechanism to interpret the Arctic warming and indicate the important remote impacts of the tropical IO warming.
Microglia-containing human brain organoids for the study of brain development and pathology
Authors: Zhang Wendiao , Jiang Jiamei , Xu Zhenhong , Yan Hongye , Tang Beisha , Liu Chunyu , Chen Chao , Meng Qingtuan
Published: December 2022

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system, playing critical roles in brain development and homeostasis. Increasing evidence has implicated microglia dysfunction in the pathogenesis of various brain disorders ranging from psychiatric disorders to neurodegenerative diseases. Using a human cell-based model to illuminate the functional mechanisms of microglia will promote pathological studies and drug development. The recently developed microglia-containing human brain organoids (MC-HBOs), in-vitro three-dimensional cell cultures that recapitulate key features of the human brain, have provided a new avenue to model brain development and pathology. However, MC-HBOs generated from different methods differ in the origin, proportion, and fidelity of microglia within the organoids, and may have produced inconsistent results. To help researchers to develop a robust and reproducible model that recapitulates in-vivo signatures of human microglia to study brain development and pathology, this review summarized the current methods used to generate MC-HBOs and provided opinions on the use of MC-HBOs for disease modeling and functional studies.
Graphene-based terahertz reconfigurable printed ridge gap waveguide structure
Authors: Ali Mohamed Mamdouh M. , Shams Shoukry I. , Elsaadany Mahmoud , Gagnon Ghyslain , Wu Ke
Published: December 2022

Graphene-based microwave devices have enabled reconfigurability, thus paving the way to the realization of flexible wireless terahertz systems with featured performances. Despite great progress in the development of graphene-based terahertz devices in the literature, high insertion loss and wide tunable range are still significant challenges at such high frequencies. In this work, we introduce the use of graphene to implement a reconfigurable printed ridge gap waveguide (RPRGW) structure over the terahertz frequency range for the first time. This guiding structure is suitable for both millimeter and terahertz wave applications due to its supporting quasi-TEM mode, which exhibits low dispersion compared to other traditional guiding structures. The presented solution is featured with low loss as the signal propagates in a lossless air gap, which is separated from the lossy graphene elements responsible for the reconfigurable behavior. In addition, this guiding structure is deployed to implement a tunable RPPGW power divider as an application example for the proposed structure.
Ultrasensitive therapeutic drug monitoring of methotrexate by a structure-switching aptamer with cascade primer exchange reaction
Authors: He Junqing , Wang Junyan , Zhang Min , Shi Guoyue
Published: December 2022

As a folate antagonist, methotrexate (MTX) has been widely used in clinics with good effects on various tumors and inflammatory diseases.
Comparative study of sonication-assisted liquid phase exfoliation of six layered coordination polymers
Authors: Gosch Jonas , Synnatschke Kevin , Stock Norbert , Backes Claudia
Published: December 2022

Liquid phase exfoliation of six layered coordination polymers suggests an impact of the material porosity on the nanoplatelets’ dimensions.
Top-down manufacturing of efficient CO2 reduction catalysts from the gasification residue carbon
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhang Guiru , Ye Ke , Xu Ke , Sheng Yeliang , Yu Can , Zhang Hai , Li Qiaoxia , Liang Zheng , Jiang Kun
Published: December 2022

A “top-down” strategy has been demonstrated to transform gasification residue carbon into a Ni–N–C single atom catalyst at gram scale.
Visible light-induced carbene reactivity of acceptor diazoalkanes: deconstructive difunctionalizations of cyclic ethers with nucleophiles
Authors: Zhu Keyong , Zhou Xinlong , Ren Yikun , Dong Linhui , Zhao Guanzhen , Zhao Jingjing , Li Pan
Published: December 2022

A visible light-induced carbene reactivity of acceptor diazoalkanes has been developed for the synthesis of difunctionalized ethers.
Facile synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides from sulfonic acids
Authors: Thomson Brodie J. , Khasnavis Samuel R. , Grigorian Emma C. , Krishnan Rohun , Yassa Theodore D. , Lee Kelvin , Sammis Glenn M. , Ball Nicholas D.
Published: December 2022

This work highlights dual strategies for the syntheses of sulfonyl fluorides from sulfonic acids and their salts.
Hexagon and network structured organic geometrical isomers with distinct intramolecular H-bonding and stimuli-induced self-reversible fluorescence switching
Authors: Gayathri Parthasarathy , Ravi Sasikala , Karthikeyan Subramanian , Pannipara Mehboobali , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Moon Dohyun , Anthony Savarimuthu Philip
Published: December 2022

ESIPT fluorescent geometrical isomers exhibited tunable fluorescence and self-reversible fluorescence switching.
Enhancing the stability of metal–organic framework via ligand modification: scalable synthesis and high selectivity of CO2 sorption property
Authors: Chen Di-Ming , Zhang Xue-Jing
Published: December 2022

A double-walled MOF with high chemical stability, easy synthesis, and high selectivity for CO2 capture was prepared by ligand modification.
Unveiling the structural features that regulate carbapenem deacylation in KPC-2 through QM/MM and interpretable machine learning
Authors: Yin Chao , Song Zilin , Tian Hao , Palzkill Timothy , Tao Peng
Published: December 2022

Resistance to carbapenem β-lactams presents major clinical and economical challenges for the treatment of pathogen infections.
Cation-responsive cavity expansion of valinomycin revealed by cryogenic ion trap infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hirata Keisuke , Sato Eiko , Lisy James M. , Ishiuchi Shun-Ichi , Fujii Masaaki
Published: December 2022

The change in the cavity size of valinomycin in response to the size of the metal ion is revealed by cryogenic ion trap infrared spectroscopy.
Observation of the triplet energy transfer in orthogonal photoexcited iodinated-BODIPY dimers
Authors: Sukhanov Andrey A. , Cao Huaiman , Zhang Xue , Zhao Jianzhang , Kandrashkin Yuri E.
Published: December 2022

The reversible intramolecular energy transfer process between the two triplet states localized on the highly identical chromophores in Bodipy dimer was observed with TREPR spectroscopies.
Quantum manifestations in electronic properties of bilayer phosphorene nanoribbons
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Li Shi-Qi , Liu Hongsheng , Li Mengke , Gao Junfeng
Published: December 2022

The electronic properties of bilayer phosphorene nanoribbons with lowest-energy ZZ(U) edge depend on their width. With width longer than 4 nm, edge states sink below the bulk state, showing edgeless electric transport characteristic.
4′-Fluoro-nucleosides and nucleotides: from nucleocidin to an emerging class of therapeutics
Authors: Lowe Phillip T. , O’Hagan David
Published: December 2022

An overview of the history and development of 4′-fluoro-nucleosides as a privileged motif for bioactives is presented.
Engineering a local potassium cation concentrated microenvironment toward the ampere-level current density hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Gao Lei , Bao Feixiang , Tan Xin , Li Mengfan , Shen Zhen , Chen Xuli , Tang Ziyi , Lai Wenchuan , Lu Yangfan , Huang Peifeng , Ma Chao , Smith Sean C. , Ye Zhizhen , Hu Zheng , Huang Hongwen
Published: December 2022

Finding an active and robust non-platinum catalyst toward the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) operating at an ampere-level current density is important for emerging anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis but challenging.
Poplar lignin structural changes during extraction in γ-valerolactone (GVL)
Authors: Cheng Feng , Liu Sarah , Karlen Steven D. , Kim Hoon , Lu Fachuang , Ralph John , Vázquez Ramos Leida M. , Huber George W. , Dumesic James A.
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we describe an approach for producing both high quality and high quantity of lignin by studying structural change of lignin during treatment of poplar wood in γ-valerolactone (GVL) for a range of temperatures (80–120 °C) and reaction time at temperature (1–24 h).
Enhanced podocyte differentiation and changing drug toxicity sensitivity through pressure-controlled mechanical filtration stress on a glomerulus-on-a-chip
Authors: Doi Kotaro , Kimura Hiroshi , Kim Soo Hyeon , Kaneda Shohei , Wada Takehiko , Tanaka Tetsuhiro , Shimizu Akira , Sano Takanori , Chikamori Masamichi , Shinohara Marie , Matsunaga Yukiko T. , Nangaku Masaomi , Fujii Teruo
Published: December 2022

The development of a filtration flow device system with precisely controlled pressure revealed the mechanobiology of filtration flow to podocytes regarding morphological and gene expression maturation and increased sensitivity to toxic drugs.
Bis-TTF-Ge derivatives: promising linear and nonlinear optical properties, a theoretical investigation
Authors: Kamli Dalila , Hannachi Douniazed , Samsar Djamila , Chermette Henry
Published: December 2022

The nature and the position of the substituents are important factors driving the NLO properties.
Perylene nanoparticle-sensitized MoS2: an efficient solar photocatalyst for the degradation of pollutants
Authors: Rajan Mekha Susan , John Anju , Thomas Jesty
Published: December 2022

Perylene nanoparticle sensitized MoS2 nano photocatalyst has been developed for the degradation of organic dye pollutants.
Construction of titanium-based nanomaterials with a coral-like HTiOF3 template and their photocatalytic performance
Authors: Liu Huayang , Hou Chentao , Bakhtari Mohammad Fahim , Zhang Mingyuan , Wang Liping
Published: December 2022

3D flower-like F-H2Ti3O7 and its photocatalytic performance.
Defect-induced zero thermal quenching of a bright red-emitting nonlinear optical material
Authors: Ma Xiaoxi , Yang Shuo , Shao Bohuai , Lv Qingyi , Wang Chuqi , Wang Chuang
Published: December 2022

The Cs2MgZn2(P2O7)2:20%Eu3+ phosphor has excellent thermal stability and potential applications in the field of solid-state lighting.
Plant (di)terpenoid evolution: from pigments to hormones and beyond
Authors: Wang Zhibiao , Nelson David R. , Zhang Juan , Wan Xiangyuan , Peters Reuben J.
Published: December 2022

Diterpenoid biosynthesis in plants is derived from photosynthetic pigment metabolism, and arose early in land plant evolution, enabling stockpiling of the extensive arsenal of (di)terpenoid natural products currently observed in this kingdom.
Visible-light induced three-component reaction for α-aminobutyronitrile synthesis by C–C bond formation using quantum dots as photocatalysts
Authors: Yin Yu-Yun , Liu Xiao-Rui , Jin Jia-Hui , Li Zhi-Ming , Shen Yong-Miao , Zhou Jianhai , Peng Xiaogang
Published: December 2022

A three-component reaction of malononitrile, benzaldehyde and N,N-dimethylaniline using CdSeS/CdZnSeS(Al)/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as visible light catalysts to synthesize α-aminobutyrilitriles at room temperature and under mild conditions is described.
Selective oxidative β-C–H bond sulfenylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines with elemental sulfur
Authors: Guo Tao , Bi Lei , Shen Lu , Wei Quanhong , Zhu Congjun , Zhang Panke , Zhao Yunhui
Published: December 2022

A convenient and efficient KIO3-promoted oxidative sulfenylation at the β-position of N-heterocycles and subsequent aromatization in the presence of elemental S8 was developed.
Identifying Listeners Whose Speech Intelligibility Depends on a Quiet Extra Moment After a Sentence
Authors: Gianakas Steven P. , Fitzgerald Matthew B. , Winn Matthew B.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

An extra moment after a sentence is spoken may be important for listeners with hearing loss to mentally repair misperceptions during listening. The current audiologic test battery cannot distinguish between a listener who repaired a misperception versus a listener who heard the speech accurately with no need for repair. This study aims to develop a behavioral method to identify individuals who are at risk for relying on a quiet moment after a sentence.

Method:

Forty-three individuals with hearing loss (32 cochlear implant users, 11 hearing aid users) heard sentences that were followed by either 2 s of silence or 2 s of babble noise. Both high- and low-context sentences were used in the task.

Results:

Some individuals showed notable benefit in accuracy scores (particularly for high-context sentences) when given an extra moment of silent time following the sentence. This benefit was highly variable across individuals and sometimes absent altogether. However, the group-level patterns of results were mainly explained by the use of context and successful perception of the words preceding sentence-final words.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that some but not all individuals improve their speech recognition score by relying on a quiet moment after a sentence, and that this fragility of speech recognition cannot be assessed using one isolated utterance at a time. Reliance on a quiet moment to repair perceptions would potentially impede the perception of an upcoming utterance, making continuous communication in real-world scenarios difficult especially for individuals with hearing loss. The methods used in this study—along with some simple modifications if necessary—could potentially identify patients with hearing loss who retroactively repair mistakes by using clinically feasible methods that can ultimately lead to better patient-centered hearing health care.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21644801
Long-Term Averaged Spectrum Descriptors of Dysarthria in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Treated With Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Svihlik Jan , Novotny Michal , Tykalova Tereza , Polakova Kamila , Brozova Hana , Kryze Petr , Sousa Mario , Krack Paul , Tripoliti Elina , Ruzicka Evzen , Jech Robert , Rusz Jan
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

This study aimed to evaluate whether long-term averaged spectrum (LTAS) descriptors for reading and monologue are suitable to detect worsening of dysarthria in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) with potential effect of ON and OFF stimulation conditions and types of connected speech.

Method:

Four spectral moments based on LTAS were computed for monologue and reading passage collected from 23 individuals with PD treated with bilateral STN-DBS and 23 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Speech performance of patients with PD was compared in ON and OFF STN-DBS conditions.

Results:

All LTAS spectral moments including mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis across both monologue and reading passage were able to significantly distinguish between patients with PD in both stimulation conditions and control speakers. The spectral mean was the only LTAS measure sensitive to capture better speech performance in STN-DBS ON, as compared to the STN-DBS OFF stimulation condition (p< .05). Standardized reading passage was more sensitive compared to monologue in detecting dysarthria severity via LTAS descriptors with an area under the curve of up to 0.92 obtained between PD and control groups.

Conclusions:

Our findings confirmed that LTAS is a suitable approach to objectively describe changes in speech impairment severity due to STN-DBS therapy in patients with PD. We envisage these results as an important step toward a continuum development of technological solutions for the automated assessment of stimulation-induced dysarthria.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21644798
Caregiver Experiences With Oral Bilingualism in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing in the United States: Impact on Child Language Proficiency
Authors: Benítez-Barrera Carlos , Reiss Lina , Majid Marjan , Chau Trisha , Wilson Johanna , Rico Erika Figueroa , Bunta Ferenc , Raphael Robert M. , de Diego-Lázaro Beatriz
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

Best practices recommend promoting the use of the home language and allowing caregivers to choose the language(s) that they want to use with their child who is deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). We examined whether Spanish-speaking caregivers of children who are DHH receive professional recommendations on oral bilingualism that follow best practices. We also assessed whether professional recommendations, caregiver beliefs, and language practices had an impact on child language(s) proficiency.

Method:

Sixty caregivers completed a questionnaire on demographic questions, language(s) use and recommendations, beliefs on bilingualism, and child language proficiency measures in English, Spanish, and American Sign Language (ASL). Professional recommendations on oral bilingualism were reported descriptively, and linear regression was used to identify the predictors of child language(s) proficiency.

Results:

We found that only 23.3% of the caregivers were actively encouraged to raise their child orally bilingual. Language practices predicted child proficiency in each language (English, Spanish, and ASL), but professional recommendations and caregiver beliefs did not.

Conclusions:

Our results revealed that most caregivers received recommendations that do not follow current best practices. Professional training is still needed to promote bilingualism and increase cultural competence when providing services to caregivers who speak languages different from English.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21644846
Eruption and propagation of twisted flux ropes from the base of the solar corona to 1 au
Authors: Regnault F. , Strugarek A. , Janvier M. , Auchère F. , Lugaz N. , Al-Haddad N.
Published: December 2022

Context.Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) originate from the eruption of complex magnetic structures occurring in our star’s atmosphere. Determining the general properties of ICMEs and the physical processes at the heart of their interactions with the solar wind is a hard task, in particular using only unidimensional in situ profiles. Thus, these phenomena are still not well understood.

Aims.In this study we simulate the propagation of a set of flux ropes in order to understand some of the physical processes occurring during the propagation of an ICME, such as their growth or their rotation.

Methods.We present simulations of the propagation of a set of flux ropes in a simplified solar wind. We consider different magnetic field strengths and sizes at the initiation of the eruption, and characterize their influence on the properties of the flux ropes during their propagation. We use the 3D magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) module of the PLUTO code on an adaptive mesh refinement grid.

Results.The evolution of the magnetic field of the flux rope during the propagation matches evolution law deduced from in situ observations. We also simulate in situ profiles that spacecraft would have measured at the Earth, and we compare these data with the results of statistical studies. We find a good match between simulated in situ profiles and typical profiles obtained in these studies. During their propagation, flux ropes interact with the magnetic field of the wind, but still show realistic signatures of ICMEs when analyzed with synthetic satellite crossings. We also show that flux ropes with different shapes and orientations can lead to similar unidimensional crossings. This warrants some care when extracting the magnetic topology of ICMEs using unidimensional crossings.
Retraction Notice: Interpretation of Stark broadening measurements on a spatially integrated plasma spectral line
Authors: Thouin Julien , Benmouffok Malyk , Freton Pierre , Gonzalez Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2022

At the request of the corresponding Author, this article has been retracted.

Shortly after publication, the Editorial Board of EPJ Applied Physics received comments from the corresponding Author. He informs that he has found an error in the numerical determination of the PE spectral line. According to him, this error does not affect the construction of the paper or its conclusions. The Authors prefer to submit again the manuscript with the correct results, to the journal for evaluation and a republication could be considered.

The errors can be found highlighted in yellow in the Supplementary material.

The corresponding Author, in the name of all the co-authors, who are aware and agree with the decision to retract, apologizes to readers.
Ein bemerkenswerter Fall: Eine atypisch gelegene Urachuszyste nach kontinenter Harnableitung mittels MAINZ-Pouch mit Appendixstoma
Authors: Reichert Mathias , Strauss Arne , Mohr Mirjam Naomi , Schneider Till Rasmus , Trojan Lutz , Hahn Oliver
Published: December 2022

Im hier vorgestellten Fall wird von einem 29-jährigen Mann berichtet, der sich aufgrund eines Traumas als Kleinkind und nach mehrmaligen Vor-Operationen mit einer kontinenten Harnableitung mittels Mainz Pouch I und Z.n. Zystektomie vorstellte. Grund der Vorstellung war eine unspezifische Schwellung paraumbilikal rechts, welche für den Patienten eine Beeinträchtigung darstellte. Trotz weiterführender Bildgebung mittels Magnetresonanztomographie blieb eine eindeutige Diagnose des im subkutanen Gewebe gelegenen Verhaltes aus. Nach chirurgischer Entfernung des kompletten Befundes und nach histologischer Aufarbeitung konnte die Diagnose einer Urachuszyste gestellt werden.
Update Mammakarzinom 2022 Teil 2 – Brustkrebs in fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadien
Authors: Müller Volkmar , Welslau Manfred , Lüftner Diana , Schütz Florian , Stickeler Elmar , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Thomssen Christoph , Witzel Isabell , Fehm Tanja N. , Belleville Erik , Bader Simon , Seitz Katharina , Untch Michael , Thill Marc , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Aktas Bahriye , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Schneeweiss Andreas , Harbeck Nadia , Würstlein Rachel , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Kolberg Hans Christian , Wöckel Achim
Published: December 2022

Für Patientinnen mit einem fortgeschrittenen Mammakarzinom sind in den letzten Jahren mit den CDK4/6‑Inhibitoren, den Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren, den PARP-Inhibitoren, dem Alpelisib, Tucatinib und Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan sowie Sacituzumab-Govitecan einige Therapien neu etabliert worden, welche die Therapielandschaft von Patientinnen mit einem fortgeschrittenen Mammakarzinom deutlich verändert bzw. erweitert haben. Einige dieser Substanzen sind mittlerweile auch bei frühen Krankheitsstadien zugelassen bzw. eine Zulassung ist in naher Zukunft wahrscheinlich, sodass sich die Therapielandschaft abermals ändern wird. Die Einführung neuer Substanzen und das Verständnis der Progressions- und Effektivitätsmechanismen für diese Substanzen steht deswegen im Fokus der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Bemühungen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die neuen Entwicklungen basierend auf aktuellen Publikationen und Kongressen zusammengefasst. Erkenntnisse zur Behandlung von Patientinnen mit einem HER2-positiven Mammakarzinom und Hirnmetastasen werden ebenso dargestellt wie eine Reihe von Studien, die sich mit Biomarkern bei Patientinnen mit HER2-negativem, hormonrezeptorpositivem Mammakarzinom beschäftigen. Insbesondere die Einführung der oralen, selektiven Östrogenrezeptor-Degradierer birgt neue Chancen, eine biomarkerbasierte Therapie zu etablieren. Die molekulare Diagnostik etabliert sich als diagnostischer Marker und Verlaufsparameter.
Axillastaging nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie bei initial nodal positivem Mammakarzinom in Deutschland – Erste Daten aus der AXSANA-Studie
Authors: Hartmann Steffi , Kühn Thorsten , Hauptmann Michael , Stickeler Elmar , Thill Marc , Lux Michael P. , Fröhlich Sarah , Ruf Franziska , Loibl Sibylle , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Thiemann Elisabeth , Weigel Michael , Solbach Christine , Kaltenecker Gabriele , Paluchowski Peter , Schrauder Michael G. , Paepke Stefan , Watermann Dirk , Hahn Markus , Hufnagel Maria , Lefarth Jutta , Untch Michael , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie ,   Die AXSANA-Studiengruppe
Published: December 2022

Einleitung Das optimale axilläre Stagingverfahren für initial nodal positive MammakarzinompatientInnen nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie (NACT) ist bislang unklar. Die AXSANA-Studie wird mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, die verschiedenen operativen Stagingtechniken hinsichtlich ihres onkologischen Outcomes und der Lebensqualität prospektiv miteinander zu vergleichen. Über die aktuelle klinische Praxis in Deutschland ist wenig bekannt.

Material und Methoden Die Daten der von Juni 2020 bis März 2022 an deutschen Studienzentren in die AXSANA-Studie aufgenommenen PatientInnen wurden analysiert.

Ergebnisse Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden 1135 PatientInnen an 143 Studienstandorten rekrutiert. Bei 22 % der PatientInnen fanden sich initial mehr als 3 suspekte Lymphknoten. In 64 % der Fälle wurde der Target-Lymphknoten (TLN) markiert. Dabei erfolgte die Markierung bei 83 % der PatientInnen mit Clips/Coils, bei je 8 % mit magnetischen Seeds oder Kohlenstoffsuspension und bei 1 % mit einem Radarmarker. Bei jeweils 48 % der PatientInnen wurde nach NACT eine Targeted Axillary Dissection (TAD) oder eine axilläre Lymphonodektomie (ALND) geplant, bei 2 % eine alleinige Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Biopsie (SLNB). Klinisch wurde der Nodalstatus nach NACT in 65 % der Fälle als unauffällig beurteilt. Bei 65 % der Frauen wurde der histologische Lymphknotenstatus durch die Palpation und bei 69 % der PatientInnen durch die Sonografie korrekt erfasst.

Schlussfolgerung An den deutschen AXSANA-Studienzentren werden derzeit die TAD und die ALND als häufigste operative Stagingverfahren nach NACT bei primär nodal positiven MammakarzinompatientInnen durchgeführt, wobei die Markierung des TLN vor NACT mit verschiedenen Markern erfolgt. Aufgrund der ungenügenden Genauigkeit der klinischen Beurteilung des axillären Lymphknotenstatus nach NACT sollte kritisch hinterfragt werden, ob eine Axilladissektion nach NACT auf der Grundlage einer alleinigen klinischen Bewertung des Nodalstatus erfolgen sollte.
Selen in der Anti-Aging-Medizin
Authors: Stoll Günther
Published: December 2022

Die ernsthafte, evidenzbasierte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Prozess des Alterns
und dem Bemühen, zielgerichtet auf pathophysiologische Verläufe
therapeutisch einzuwirken, wird heute vielfach mit der Veröffentlichung
von López-Otín et al. aus dem Jahr 2013 3 in Zusammenhang gebracht. Bei den dort
beschriebenen 9 Kennzeichen des Alterns spielt Selen eine bes. wichtige Rolle.
Das essenzielle Spurenelement kann z. B. auf die Telomerlänge,
die mitochondriale Dysfunktion und die Immunseneszenz einwirken. Von besonderer
Bedeutung ist eine ausreichend hohe Versorgung mit Selen in der geeigneten
chemischen Form für die Bekämpfung des
„Inflammaging“, das wichtig für Alterungsprozesse ist.
Selen erfüllt somit die Anforderungen an eine rationale
Anti-Aging-Medizin sowohl in Bezug auf seine biochemischen Wirkmechanismen als
auch im Hinblick auf die Arzneimittelsicherheit.
Easy Route to New Fused Dihydroisoquinoline-Naphthyridinone Frameworks
Authors: Fisyuk Alexander S. , Shuvalov Vladislav Yu.
Published: December 2022

The reaction of 1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with azlactone, obtained from hippuric acid and phthalic anhydride, provided 2-(3-benzamido-4-oxo-6,7-dihydro-4H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-yl)benzoic acids, which were converted into previously unknown dihydroisoquinoline-naphthyridinones by the action of hydrazine hydrate. Further reaction of the prepared naphthyridine-5,7-diones with POCl3 under various conditions led to the formation of 5-chloro-9,10-dihydro-7H-benzo[c]isoquinolino[1,2-g][1,7]naphthyridin-7-ones or 4,6-dichloro-2-(2-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)phenyl)benzo[c][1,7]naphthyridines. It was also shown that the halogen atom in the C-5 position enters into a substitution reaction with primary and secondary amines.
Estimating bulk and edge topological indices in finite open chiral chains
Authors: Jezequel Lucien , Tauber Clément , Delplace Pierre
Published: December 2022

We develop a formalism to estimate, simultaneously, the usual bulk and edge indices from topological insulators in the case of a finite sample with open boundary conditions and provide a physical interpretation of these quantities. We then show that they converge exponentially fast to an integer value when we increase the system size and also show that bulk and edge index estimates coincide at finite size. The theorem applies to any non-homogeneous system, such as disordered or defect configurations. We focus on one-dimensional chains with chiral symmetry, such as the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model, but the proof actually only requires the Hamiltonian to be of short range and with a spectral gap in the bulk. The definition of bulk and edge index estimates relies on a finite-size version of the switch-function formalism where the Fermi projector is smoothed in energy using a carefully chosen regularization parameter.
Limiting behaviors of generalized elephant random walks
Authors: Shiozawa Yuichi
Published: December 2022

We study the limiting behaviors of a generalized elephant random walk on the integer lattice. This random walk is defined by using two sequences of parameters expressing the memory at each step from the whole past and the drift of each step to the right, respectively. This model is also regarded as a dependent Bernoulli process. Our results reveal how the scaling factors are determined by the behaviors of the parameters. In particular, we allow the degeneracy of the parameters. We further present several examples in which the scaling factors are explicitly computed.