bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los salones de humoristas durante la posguerra española (1940-1953) y el médico y caricaturista José Delgado Úbeda «Zas» = The Humoristic Halls´ during the Spanish Postwar Period (1940-1953) and the Doctor and Caricaturist José Delgado Úbeda «Zas»
Authors: Delgado Gómez José-Carlos
Published: December 2019

Los Salones de Humoristas iniciados en España en 1914 y promovidos por José Francés, acogieron a las firmas más significativas de las distintas facetas del arte, no solo del humor y la caricatura. El presente artículo tiene como objetivos: poner en valor a las y los artistas que participaron en dichos Salones en la posguerra española desde 1940 a 1953 y la importancia que en ellos tuvo el polifacético y «creador de la caricatura moderna española», según palabras de Luis Lasa, el médico, caricaturista y experto en papiroflexia José Delgado Úbeda, de seudónimo artístico ZAS. Metodológicamente se han estudiado los catálogos y documentación inédita propiedad de los descendientes de ZAS así como los archivos de distintas instituciones. El resultado del trabajo ha puesto de manifiesto la influencia del contexto político-social y económico en dichos Salones. Pudiendo concluir en la importancia que estos tuvieron para la actividad artística española e internacional de la época.AbstractThe Humorists Halls´ started in Spain in 1914 and promoted by José Francés, received the signatures most significant of the different artistic facets not only of humor and of caricature. The present article has as objectives: to value the artists who participated in said Halls in the Spanish postwar period from 1940 to 1953 and the importance that the multifaceted one had in them «the creator of the modern Spanish caricature», in the words of Luis Lasa, the doctor, caricaturist and origami expert José Delgado Úbeda, of artistic pseudonym «ZAS». Methodologically the catalogs and unpublished documents owned by the descendants of «ZAS» have been studied as well as the files of different institutions. The result of the work has revealed the influence of the political - social and economic context of the above mentioned halls and international of the period. Palabras clave: Salones de Humoristas; caricatura; posguerra española; catálogos; José Francés; ZAS
ÉTICA PROFISSIONAL DOS ESTUDANTES DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS: ANÁLISE DOS FATORES LIGADOS AOS VALORES INDIVIDUAIS
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Koch Amanda Manes , Mattos Luísa Karam de , Flach Leonardo
Published: December 2019

Posturas orientadas por valores éticos são valorizadas pela sociedade e pelo mercado de trabalho, porém não são seguidas de forma absoluta. Diante da frequência com que se noticiam fraudes envolvendo condutas antiéticas de profissionais contábeis, esta pesquisa contribui com o aprofundamento desta discussão sobre ética e abarca a fase inicial da carreira, da formação profissional, avançando na caracterização do perfil ético dos profissionais contábeis e intensificando a consciência ética nos estudantes e profissionais contábeis. O presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a percepção de estudantes de Ciências Contábeis sobre a ética profissional, considerando determinadas variáveis intervenientes ligadas a fatores individuais. O método de pesquisa utilizado classifica-se como quantitativo, descritivo e survey, com aplicação de questionário fechado. A amostra representa 214 estudantes da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio dos testes não paramétricos de Spearman e Kruskal-Wallis, post-hoc Dunn-Bonferroni. Os resultados indicam que os fatores individuais influenciam significativamente no ponto de vista dos estudantes acerca da ética profissional e que a disciplina Ética e Filosofia Política no curso de Ciências Contábeis tende a conscientizar os estudantes à cerca das responsabilidades e das condutas que devem ser seguidas pelos profissionais contábeis. Portanto, os fatores individuais somados à educação ética induzem de forma relevante as atitudes éticas dos estudantes. Contudo, essa afirmação trata apenas da amostra de análise deste estudo, uma vez que se encontram divergências ao comparar os resultados obtidos com os da literatura estudada.
A influência das ferramentas do marketing digital na geração de negócio de uma personal stylist
Authors:   Faculdade da Serra Gaúcha, Ribeiro Franciele Zambeli , Guerra Susi ,   Faculdade da Serra Gaúcha, Bernardi Flávia Camargo ,   Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Biegelmeyer Uiliam Hahn ,   Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Camargo Maria Emilia ,   Universidade de Caxias do Sul
Published: December 2019

O marketing digital está cada vez mais presente no cotidiano das pessoas, mesmo que não muito percebido, simplifica a vida de todos os envolvidos no processo. Da mesma forma, o tema “moda” vem ganhando relevância, pois as pessoas entendem que precisam cuidar da aparência, tanto no quesito pessoal quanto profissional. Assim, este artigo procura identificar quais estratégias de marketing digital influenciam na geração de negócios de uma personal stylist. A pesquisa foi realizada através de método qualitativo, do tipo exploratória . Portanto, a análise de dados realizou-se por meio da interpretação de entrevista semiestruturada realizada com uma personal stylist atuante há cinco anos nesse segmento. Por meio da pesquisa realizada percebeu-se que o marketing digital é um forte influenciador na geração de negócios e no estreitamento do relacionamento com os clientes.
Evaluating sustainable urban development using urban metabolism indicators in urban design
Authors: Song Yan , Gil Jorge , Wandl Alexander , Timmeren Arjan van
Published: December 2019

Urban metabolism is a multi-disciplinary approach to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate resource flows in urban systems, which aims to provide important insights into the dynamics of cities to make them more ecologically responsible. It has been also introduced into the urban design domain, however most of the attempts concern only tracking of energy and/or material flows to reduce environmental impacts by redesigning closed loops in a specific area. The hypothesis of this paper is that the concept of urban metabolism, and its indicators, could play an important role in advancing the science and practice related to sustainability in urban design and development. At the moment, however we lack indicators to support evaluation of urban design related decisions from the perspective of urban metabolism. The aim of this paper is to explore the application of urban metabolism indicators in urban design based on their characteristics. It reviews development periods of the concept and analytical models of urban metabolism, in order to identify crucial urban metabolism indicators for urban design. Next, these urban metabolism indicators are classified regarding type of analytical model, accounting method, indicator type, and indicator level. Finally, several suggestions are offered on how to integrate urban metabolism indicators into urban design. In addition, directions for future research on the topic are discussed.
Population mobility in Bavaria: spatio-temporal features and migration flows in the early 21st century
Authors: Starikova Alexandra
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of population mobility research at the territory of Bavaria. Different types of migration flows (resettlements, commuting, educational migration, etc.) within municipalities and through their borders, as well as between Bavaria and other parts of the country are analyzed. Spacetime features of population mobility are revealed. Main methods of analysis include delimitation of migration systems and calculation of human activity density. The study found that scale of population mobility within Bavaria is larger than migratory exchange with other parts of Germany. Commuting and other types of return population mobility take more important positions in the regional migration process.
The impact of the transport offer on passenger volume on regional rail transport in the Lower Silesian province
Authors: Jurkowski Wojciech , Smolarski Mateusz
Published: December 2019

Abstrakt:

Factors affecting passenger behaviour can be divided into the internal (relating to transport supply) and the external (which are independent of carriers). The literature emphasises that, as rail transport develops, supply becomes comparable along many routes, leaving external factors to be regarded as increasingly important. In contrast, the authors of this article consider that deregulation and transformation of the rail transport system in Poland have ensured that internal factors continue to exert the primary influence on passenger behaviour in this country. The work detailed in this article has thus sought to demonstrate the impact of transport supply on passenger volume at individual stations in those towns and cities of the region of Lower Silesia that have access to rail passenger transport throughout the year.
Polycentric intra-urban development of hotels: Evidence from Budapest
Authors: Napierała Tomasz
Published: December 2019

The aim of the paper is to understand evolutionary changes of hotel intra-urban location policy during the period of the economic transition. Thus, the theoretical model of polycentric intra-urban development of hotel facilities is introduced in this research. Polycentric development is defined as the result of two ongoing and contrary tendencies: (1) spatial sprawl of hotel facilities resulting from new hotel investments, and (2) concentration of hotel enterprises, which is the effect of demand-based and production-based agglomeration processes of hotel facilities in particular locations. To examine this theoretical concept, the changes of spatial distribution of hotel entities in Budapest since 1982 were investigated. Kernel density estimation was applied to identify the number, location, and area of clusters of hotel services. Empirical evidence confirms the proposed theoretical model of polycentric intra-urban development of hotels, although significant hotel clusters are only formed in the central districts of Budapest.
The role and importance of Promotion Centers in creating the image of tourist destination: Romania
Authors: Herman Grigore Vasile , Wendt Jan A. , Dumbravă Răzvan , Gozner Maria
Published: December 2019

The expansion of tourism at regional and global levels requires considerable efforts from those involved, if tourist-destination management is to be optimized. In that context, the purpose of the work underpinning this article has been to emphasize and quantify the roles and functions that responding examples of Romania’s Tourist Information and Promotion Centers play and serve, as they seek to create and promote for their country the image of attractive tourist destination. Indicators taken account of in the work relate to tasks set out in the domestic legislation put in place to accredit the said National Tourist Information and Promotion Centers. Results obtained using the questionnaire method, though limited quantitatively (to just the 35 out of 110 Centers that responded positively to the research team’s request), are suggestive in qualitative terms, providing valuable information that successfully reflects the role and importance of Centers of this kind in outlining and developing the image of Romania as a destination for tourists.
АUSTRO-HUNGARIAN MONUMENTS IN BANJA LUKA
Authors: Barjamović Ajla , Rađenović Jelena , Malinović Miroslav
Published: December 2019

The paper deals with the establishment and architecture of Austro-Hungarian monuments erected in Banja Luka in the period 1878-1918. The monuments were erected on the orders of the military administration, based on the reputation and tradition earlier seen throughout the former Habsburg Monarchy. The paper shows three monuments, only one of which is preserved, but in a state requiring significant interventions. The paper first presents the general historical framework, then the construction of the monuments, while the final discussion questions the relationship of contemporary society to these monuments and emphasizes the importance of inheriting the historical layers of architecture and the problem of the neglection of Austro-Hungarian heritage of military background in our country.
ESTIMATION POSITION AND DIAMETER OF REBAR BY MODERN NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES
Authors: Nikolić Dragan , Bojović Dragan , Antić Aranđelović Lana , Ćirović Goran
Published: December 2019

Ultrasonic testing of concrete by modern equipment has grown in importance in recent years in non-destructive testing. Measuring concrete cover thickness and estimating steel rebar position and diameter is main focus for assessment of existing reinforcement concrete facilities. Voids, entrained air and potential delamination are important to detect in order to evaluate the quality of the executed concrete members. This paper presents the latest two modern non-destructive techniques – ultrasonic tomography and electromagnetic pulse induction – suitable for testing reinforcement concrete members. The capabilities of these techniques for locating defects, reinforcement bars and determining their size in unilaterally accessible concrete members are described.
Inflorescence Abscission Zones in Grasses: Diversity and Genetic Regulation
Authors: Yu Yunqing , Kellogg Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2019

Abscission of the fruit and associated floral structures, also called shattering, is a crucial survival strategy for propagation of wild grasses, and the loss of shattering in cereal crops is one of the most important domestication traits. Abscission occurs in specialised cell layers called the abscission zone (AZ). The fruit and floral AZs in different grass species are morphologically and anatomically diverse. In this article, we take a comparative approach and summarise our knowledge of the AZs in grasses at morphological, anatomical, and genetic levels. We show that the AZs in different grass species differ in terms of the position along the inflorescence, cell shapes of the AZ, and cell wall properties in the AZ, indicating distinctive mechanisms of abscission in these species. We further review the progress in illuminating the genetic regulation of AZ development in a few cereal crops. Current data suggest both conserved regulatory molecular mechanisms within grasses and between grass and dicot models, as well as unique gene functions currently found only in certain grass species. The rapid growth of genomic sequencing and molecular technologies will further advance our understanding of the molecular regulatory network and evolution of the AZ development.
Advances of Metabolite Profiling of Plants in Challenging Environments
Authors: Sarabia Lenin D. , Hill Camilla B. , Boughton Berin A. , Roessner Ute
Published: December 2019

Plant metabolism is profoundly involved in physiological regulation and defence responses when the environment is adverse and plant growth and development is negatively affected. Metabolomics techniques allow the characterisation of physiological and biochemical responses to different types of environmental stresses in plants, including drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies. Metabolomics analyses of plant systems have been mostly carried out on bulked tissues (i.e. whole roots, leaves, or shoots) which can provide important biological information about plant tolerance and avoidance mechanisms to abiotic stresses. However, individual plant organs and tissues are composed of different kinds of cells which can produce specific metabolic responses to abiotic stress. Thus, recent development and improvement of metabolomics techniques have allowed the analysis of plant metabolic changes in a spatially resolved manner (i.e.in vivometabolomics, cell‐specific metabolomics, and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)‐based metabolomics). This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent findings on plant metabolite changes in response to abiotic stress, recent advancements in metabolomics techniques to study plant metabolism, and prospects of MSI‐based plant metabolomics for the study of plant metabolism.
Trait Evolution in Invasive Species
Authors: Hodgins Kathryn A. , Bock Dan G. , Rieseberg Loren H.
Published: December 2019

One of the most exciting recent developments in the field of invasion biology has been the growing realisation that evolution can determine invasive species' success. Here, we review research on contemporary evolution in invasive populations, with a focus on traits that have the potential to contribute to invasive spread. Evidence available so far indicates adaptive divergence in quantitative traits predominates, although the contribution of non‐adaptive processes should not be easily discounted. Further, contemporary evolution of invasive populations appears to be more frequently spurred by abiotic factors, rather than escape from natural enemies. Important progress remains to be made on the role of hybridisation in invasion success, or the conditions under which rapid evolution of phenotypic plasticity at key traits leads to invasions. Also, we do not yet have a firm grasp on how often expansion load limits invasive spread. While convincing examples of adaptation along geographic or climatic gradients are available, we highlight conditions under which such clines would arise irrespective of biotic or abiotic conditions. We propose potentially important future lines of investigation that can illuminate the mechanistic basis of invasion success while maximising the value of invasive species for understanding evolutionary processes.
From the NIAAA: Hangover advice for the holidays
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2019

Hangovers are not a joke. They can be painful and dangerous, and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) doesn't stint on advice as the holidays are approaching. During a hangover – we're not talking about actually being drunk – your attention, decision‐making, and muscle coordination can be impaired, as can the ability to drive.
Salt‐Assisted Growth of P‐type Cu9S5 Nanoflakes for P‐N Heterojunction Photodetectors with High Responsivity
Authors: Yang Sanjun , Liu Kailang , Han Wei , Li Liang , Wang Fakun , Zhou Xing , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou
Published: December 2019

P‐n junctions based on two dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure are one of the most promising alternatives in next‐generation electronics and optoelectronics. By choosing different 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), the p‐n junctions have tailored energy band alignments and exhibit superior performance as photodetectors. The p‐n diodes working at reverse bias commonly have high detectivity due to suppressed dark current but suffer from low responsivity resulting from small quantum efficiency. Greater build‐in electric field in the depletion layer can improve the quantum efficiency by reducing recombination of charge carriers. Herein, Cu9S5, a novel p‐type semiconductor with direct bandgap and high optical absorption coefficient, is synthesized by salt‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The high density of holes in Cu9S5 endows the constructed p‐n junction, Cu9S5/MoS2, with strong build‐in electric field according to Anderson heterojunction model. Consequently, the Cu9S5/MoS2 p‐n heterojunction has low dark current at reverse bias and high photoresponse under illumination due to the efficient charge separation. The Cu9S5/MoS2 photodetector exhibits good photodetectivity of 1.6 × 1012 Jones and photoresponsivity of 76 A W−1 under illumination. This study demonstrates Cu9S5 as a promising p‐type semiconductor for high‐performance p‐n heterojunction diodes.
High‐Strain Peano‐HASEL Actuators
Authors: Wang Xingrui , Mitchell Shane K. , Rumley Ellen H. , Rothemund Philipp , Keplinger Christoph
Published: December 2019

Soft robots are intrinsically safe for use near humans and adaptable when operated in unstructured environments, thereby offering capabilities beyond traditional robots based on rigid components. Soft actuators are key components of soft robots; recently developed hydraulically amplified self‐healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuators provide a versatile framework to create high‐speed actuators with excellent all‐around performance. Peano‐HASEL actuators linearly contract upon application of voltage, closely mimicking the behavior of muscle. Peano‐HASEL actuators, however, produce a maximum strain of ≈15%, while skeletal muscles achieve ≈20% on average. Here, a new type of HASEL is introduced, termed high‐strain Peano‐HASEL (HS‐Peano‐HASEL) actuator, that achieves linear contraction up to ≈24%. A wide range of performance metrics are investigated, and the maximum strain of multiunit HS‐Peano‐HASEL actuators is optimized by varying materials and geometry. Furthermore, an artificial circular muscle (ACM) based on the HS‐Peano‐HASEL acts as a tubular pump, resembling the primordial heart of an ascidian. Additionally, a strain‐amplifying pulley system is introduced to increase the maximum strain of an HS‐Peano‐HASEL to 42%. The muscle‐like maximum actuation strain and excellent demonstrated all‐around performance of HS‐Peano‐HASEL actuators make them promising candidates for use in artificial organs, life‐like robotic faces, and a variety of other robotic systems.
Drug Delivery Systems Based on Poly(2‐Oxazoline)s and Poly(2‐Oxazine)s
Authors: Sedlacek Ondrej , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: December 2019

Poly(2‐oxazoline)s (PAOx) represent an established class of polymer materials with a wide range of applications. In contrast, the homologous poly(2‐oxazine)s (PAOzi) are only gaining increasing attention in the past years. Despite their high synthetic modularity and excellent biological properties, reports describing their use as a platform for construction of drug delivery systems are still relatively sparse. In this report, an overview of the recent progress in the field of drug delivery systems based on PAOx and PAOzi polymers is provided and a comparison is made with systems based on other polymer carriers, particularly poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(N‐hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) (PHPMA). The emerging potential of PAOx and PAOzi is highlighted in the context of current polymer therapeutics research.
Spin Dynamics and Dirac Nodes in a Kagome Lattice
Authors: Boyko Daniel , Saxena Avadh , Haraldsen Jason T.
Published: December 2019

Herein, the spin dynamics for various magnetic configurations arranged on a Kagome lattice is investigated. Using a Holstein–Primakoff expansion of the isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian with multiple exchange parameters, the development and evolution of magnetic Dirac nodes with both anisotropy and magnetic field are examined. From the classical energies, the phase diagrams for the ferromagnetic (FM), antiferrimagnetic (AfM), and the 120°  phases are shown as functions of J1, J2, J3, and anisotropy. Furthermore, the production of bosonic Dirac and Weyl nodes in the spin‐wave spectra is shown. Through frustration of the magnetic geometry, a connection to the asymmetric properties of the Kagome lattice and the various antiferromagnetic configurations is discerned. Most interesting is the 120°  phase, which does not have Dirac nodes when considering only J1 due to the formation of an analogous antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice, but gains Dirac symmetry with next‐nearest neighbor interactions. Additionally, the presence of flat modes that are characteristic of cluster excitations is shown. Further study of external frustrations from a magnetic field and anisotropy reveals a tunability of the exchange interactions and nodal points.
Dual stimuli responsive neutral/cationic polymers/clay nanocomposite hydrogels
Authors: Amjadi Ahdieh , Sirousazar Mohammad , Kokabi Mehrdad
Published: December 2019

In this work, a thermodynamic‐based equilibrium‐swelling model was proposed to predict the swelling process of neutral/cationic polymers‐clay nanocomposite hydrogels sensitive to dual stimuli temperature and pH. Indeed, the new swelling model can estimate the effect of the rigid clay nanoparticles component on swelling behavior of blend nanocomposite hydrogels. The mixing term in model was developed based on lattice theory by considering the effects of solvent‐polymers, solvent‐clay, and polymer‐clay interaction parameters. The influence of the ionic groups of the clay layers and cationic polymer on the swelling was also taken into account in the proposed model. The model was verified by preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/montmorillonite intelligent nanocomposite hydrogel by tripolyphosphate crosslinking method followed by freezing–thawing process. It was found that it could give good prediction for the equilibrium swelling of polymer‐clay nanocomposite hydrogels in the case of phantom network, especially where the swelling temperature and clay loading level are high and the pH of swelling medium is low. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48797.
Nanographite‐based fluorescent biosensor for detecting microRNA using duplex‐specific nuclease‐assisted recycling
Authors: He Qizhi , Luo Huaiqing , Chen Lingli , Dong Jun , Chen Keke , Ning Yi
Published: December 2019

The development of a nanographite (NG)‐based fluorescent biosensor for detecting microRNA (miRNA) is reported. Duplex‐specific nuclease (DSN)‐assisted signal amplification was key to its function. In the absence of a target, with the assistance of p‐stacking interactions, the NG adsorbed the double carboxyfluorescein (FAM)‐labelled probe (DFP) whose surface was perfectly complementary to miRNA, leading to quenching of FAM fluorescence. In the presence of a target, double‐stranded DNA/RNA hybrids were repelled by the NG and fluorescence was restored. Meanwhile, the considerable increase in signal strength and sensitivity suggests DSN‐mediated target recycling as an application. The detection limit of the proposed biosensor for miRNA was 10 pmol/L; there was a linear correlation when the miRNA concentration ranged from 50 pmol/L to 5 nmol/L. Additionally, the method could distinguish let‐7b from most let‐7 miRNA family members and was successfully used in a sample assay. This biosensor is a novel and highly sensitive tool for miRNA detection and has great potential for biochemical research, disease diagnosis, and therapy.
Simulated judicial decision‐making for African and European American adolescents with illegal sexual behavior: The impact of medical data and victim race/ethnicity
Authors: Fix Rebecca L. , Falligant John Michael , Alexander Apryl A.
Published: December 2019

The perceived importance of victim and defendant race/ethnicity and medical evidence in child sexual abuse cases has been recognized separately in the literature. However, few studies have considered these factors simultaneously. Within a sample of 880 college students, an interaction effect was tested between the presence of medical evidence and the race/ethnicity of a juvenile defendant and victim using child sexual abuse case vignettes. The main effects of medical evidence and the race of the defendant were observed. Medical evidence and race of victim influenced victim believability such that medical evidence was more impactful for cases with African American victims. Further, there were interactions between the race of the defendant and the race of the victim in adult versus juvenile court decisions, sex offender registration and notification requirements, and length of sex offender registration and notification. Interracial sexual offending was associated with substantially higher punishment than intraracial sexual offending. Accordingly, several important implications for court‐level decision‐making processes are explored.
Amine Sorbents for Selective Recovery of Heavy Rare‐Earth Elements (Dysprosium, Ytterbium) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Qiuming , Kail Brian W. , Wilfong Walter C. , Shi Fan , Tarka Thomas J. , Gray McMahan L.
Published: December 2019

The supply shortages of rare‐earth elements (REEs) necessitate low‐cost and efficient processes for the recovery of valuable REE commodities. A covalently anchored polyethylenimine‐epoxysilane‐silica sorbent was prepared by simple wet impregnation and engineered to afford selective separation of REEs into heavy and light element groups. Remarkably, the sorbent allowed the cyclic recovery of >80 % of ppb‐level REEs and around 0 % of the ppm‐level Na, Mg, Ca from acid mine drainage solution, thus highlighting the applicability of the sorbent for concentrating REEs from practical waste streams. Moreover, the sorbent is promising for pre‐concentration of 7.6 wt% REEs, exceeding the U.S. Department of Energy REEs pre‐concentration objective. Notably, the use of an immobilized amine sorbent for the selective separation of the heavier REEs by an adsorption‐elution process allowed only the heavier species (>99 % Dy+Yb) to be concentrated and separated. This represents a practical and highly efficient sorbent adsorption‐desorption procedure that both concentrates and separates high‐purity REE from low‐concentration REE sources.
A systematic review of enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT‐E) for eating disorders
Authors: Atwood Molly E. , Friedman Aliza
Published: December 2019

Objective

To review the literature examining the efficacy and effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT‐E) for adults and older adolescents with eating disorders.

Method

A systematic search of the literature (using PsycINFO and PubMed) was conducted in order to identify relevant publications (randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and uncontrolled trials) up to June 2019. Effect sizes were reported for outcomes including treatment attrition and remission rates, eating disorder behaviors, body mass index (BMI), and core eating disorder psychopathology. The Downs and Black checklist was used to assess the quality of included studies.

Results

Twenty studies (10 RCTs and 10 uncontrolled trials) met criteria for inclusion. Support was found for the efficacy and effectiveness of CBT‐E for the full spectrum of eating disorders, with respect to reducing eating disorder behaviors and core psychopathology. BMI also increased, with large effects, for individuals with AN. However, the majority of the randomized trials included in this review did not demonstrate superiority of CBT‐E over comparison treatments, particularly in the longer‐term. Furthermore, rates of attrition and remission for CBT‐E among individuals without AN did not appear to differ from rates for CBT‐BN.

Discussion

There is evidence to support CBT‐E as an efficacious and effective treatment for adults and older adolescents with a range of eating disorder diagnoses. Future research would benefit from directly comparing CBT‐E to CBT‐BN, expanding measured outcomes to include driven exercise and subjective binge eating, increasing consistency in the definition and measurement of outcomes, and exploring factors associated with treatment retention.
Population genetics and sympatric divergence of the freshwater gudgeon, Gobiobotia filifer, in the Yangtze River inferred from mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Wang Dengqiang , Gao Lei , Tian Huiwu , Dong Weiwei , Duan Xinbin , Liu Shaoping , Chen Daqing
Published: December 2019

The ecosystem and Pleistocene glaciations play important roles in population demography. The freshwater gudgeon, Gobiobotia filifer, is an endemic benthic fish in the Yangtze River and is a good model for ecological and evolutionary studies. This study aimed to decode the population structure of G. filifer in the Yangtze River and reveal whether divergence occurred before or after population radiation. A total of 292 specimens from eight locations in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River were collected from 2014 to 2016 and analyzed via mitochondrial DNA Cyt b gene sequencing. A moderately high level of genetic diversity was found without structures among the population. However, phylogenetic and network topology showed two distinct haplotype groups, and each group contained a similar proportion of individuals from all sampled sites. This suggested the existence of two genetically divergent source populations in G. filifer. We deduced that a secondary contact of distinct glacial refugia was the main factor creating sympatric populations of G. filifer, and climate improvement promoted population expansion and colonization.
In vitro antimicrobial activities of Saudi honeys originating from Ziziphus spina‐christi L. and Acacia gerrardii Benth. trees
Authors: Owayss Ayman A. , Elbanna Khaled , Iqbal Javaid , Abulreesh Hussein H. , Organji Sameer R. , Raweh Hael S. A. , Alqarni Abdulaziz S.
Published: December 2019

Honeys originating from Sidr (Ziziphus spina‐christi L.) and Talh (Acacia gerrardii Benth.) trees in Saudi Arabia exhibited substantial antimicrobial activity against pathogenic gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus), gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis), and a dermatophytic fungus (Trichophyton mentagrophytes). The diameter of zones of inhibition represents the level of antimicrobial potency of the honey samples. Precisely, Talh honey showed significantly higher antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria than Sidr honey. The antifungal activity of Talh and Sidr honey types was significantly at par against a dermatophytic fungus. The water‐diluted honey types (33% w/v) significantly induced a rise in the antimicrobial activity from that of the natural nondiluted honeys. Microbial strains displayed differential sensitivity; gram‐positive bacteria were more sensitive and presented larger inhibition zones than gram‐negative bacteria and the fungus. The sensitivity was highest in B. cereus and S. aureus, followed by T. mentagrophytes, E. coli, and S. enteritidis. The antimicrobial activity of water‐diluted honeys (Sidr and Talh) was high than that of broad‐spectrum antibacterial antibiotics (tetracycline and chloramphenicol) against bacterial strains, but these honeys were relativity less potent than antifungal antibiotics (flucoral and mycosat) against a fungal strain. Our findings indicate the antimicrobial potential of Saudi honeys to be considered in honey standards, and their therapeutic use as medical‐grade honeys needs further investigations.
Gene expression profile indicates involvement of uniconazole in Coix lachryma‐jobi L. seedlings at low temperature
Authors: Huang Yulan , Yue Caijun , Xiang Junliang , Han Yiqiang , Wang Jingwei , Wang Liyan , Sun Lifang
Published: December 2019

Uniconazole (UNZ) can alleviate a variety of abiotic stresses such as low temperature. With application of UNZ on Coix lachryma‐jobi L. (coix) under low‐temperature stress, growth and physiological parameters were investigated in seedlings. Meanwhile, transcriptome profile in coix seedlings was characterized as well. The results showed an increase of 11.90%, 13.59%, and 10.98% in stem diameter, the aboveground and belowground biomass in 5 mg/L uniconazole application group (U3), compared with control check low‐temperature group (CKL). Some anti‐oxidase activities also show significant difference between CKL and U3 (p < .05). Transcriptome results showed that 3,901 and 1,040 genes had different expression level at control check (CK) and CKL, CKL and U3. A considerable number of different expressing genes (DEGs) related to the plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related genes, and secondary metabolism in response to uniconazole application were identified in this study. The transcriptomic gene expression profiles present a valuable genomic tool to improve studying the molecular mechanisms underlying low‐temperature tolerance in coix. At the same time, it would provide a certain basis for the application of UNZ in the production of coix resistance under low temperature.
Performance and emission analysis of compression ignition engine using biodiesels from Acid oil, Mahua oil, and Castor oil
Authors: Kareemullah Mohammed , Afzal Asif , Fazlur Rehman K. , Shahapurkar Kiran , Khan Hurmathulla , Akram Naveed
Published: December 2019

Research on and use of biodiesels for engines is growing continuously in the present era. Compression ignition (CI) engine performance for biodiesels of blends B20 from Acid oil, Mahua oil, and Castor oil is experimentally investigated. The engine performance analysis in the form of brake‐specific fuel consumption, brake‐specific energy consumption, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and air fuel ratio are compared with diesel as base fuel. Emission characteristics like CO, CO2, NOx, and opacity are comparatively studied in detail for the considered biodiesels. The entire study is compared with the performance of engine when pure diesel is chosen as fuel. From the complete analysis it was observed that the BTE was higher for Acid oil and Mahua oil among the biodiesels used. And regarding CO emissions, Mahua oil showed lower effect than other biodiesels. Upto 6% increase in EGT of Mahua oil was obtained at no load and for other loads the percent reduced. For all the biodiesels the % enhancement in Co, CO2, and NOx was more than 60% at highest load compared with diesel.
Second law analysis for mixed convection nanofluid flow in an inclined channel with convectively heated walls
Authors: Tlau Lalrinpuia , Ontela Surender
Published: December 2019

In this study, entropy generation analysis for Cu–water nanofluid mixed convective flow in an inclined channel occupied with a saturated porous media with Navier slip and convective boundary conditions is explored. The governing equations composed of equations of velocity and temperature are nondimensionalized and then solved utilizing the technique of homotopy analysis. Temperature and velocity profile expressions are acquired, which are then used to calculate the entropy produced in the scheme. The impacts of the corresponding fluid parameters are addressed in‐depth on velocity, temperature, entropy generation, Bejan number, Nusselt number, skin friction, volume flow rate, and heat carried out by the fluid for nanofluid concentration. Entropy has been observed to be minimal in all cases just above the channel center and maximum at the channel's bottom wall. Fluid friction‐generated entropy has been discovered to have a higher influence on entropy generation. We also provide a comparative study with existing literature to validate our current results.
CTLA4 blockade promotes vessel normalization in breast tumors via the accumulation of eosinophils
Authors: Zheng Xichen , Zhang Naidong , Qian Long , Wang Xuexiang , Fan Peng , Kuai Jiajie , Lin Siyang , Liu Changpeng , Jiang Wen , Qin Songbing , Chen Haifeng , Huang Yuhui
Published: December 2019

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has shown long‐term survival benefits, but only in a small fraction of cancer patients. Recent studies suggest that improved vessel perfusion by ICB positively correlates with its therapeutic outcomes. However, the underlying mechanism of such a process remains unclear. Here, we show that anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA4) treatment‐induced tumor vessel normalization was accompanied by an increased infiltration of eosinophils into breast tumors. Eosinophil accumulation was positively correlated with the responsiveness of a breast tumor to anti‐CTLA4 therapy. Depletion of eosinophils subsequently negated vessel normalization, reduced antitumor immunity and attenuated tumor growth inhibition by anti‐CTLA4 therapy. Moreover, intratumoral accumulation of eosinophils relied on T lymphocytes and interferon γ production. Together, these results suggest that eosinophils partially mediate the antitumor effects of CTLA4 blockade through vascular remodeling. Our findings uncover an unidentified role of eosinophils in anti‐CTLA4 therapy, providing a potential new target to improve ICB therapy and to predict its efficacy.
Two‐dimensional materials: From mechanical properties to flexible mechanical sensors
Authors: Jiang Hanjun , Zheng Lu , Liu Zheng , Wang Xuewen
Published: December 2019

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have great potential in the fields of flexible electronics and photoelectronic devices due to their unique properties derived by special structures. The study of the mechanical properties of 2D materials plays an important role in next‐generation flexible mechanical electronic device applications. Unfortunately, traditional experiment models and measurement methods are not suitable for 2D materials due to their atomically ultrathin thickness, which limits both the theoretical research and practical value of the 2D materials. In this review, we briefly summarize the characterization of mechanical properties of 2D materials by in situ probe nanoindentation experiments, and discuss the effect of thickness, grain boundary, and interlayer interactions. We introduce the strain‐induced effect on electrical properties and optical properties of 2D materials. Then, we generalize the mechanical sensors based on various 2D materials and their future potential applications in flexible and wearable electronic devices. Finally, we discuss the state of the art for the mechanical properties of 2D materials and their opportunities and challenges in both basic research and practical applications.

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Engineering political fluency: Identifying tensions in the political identity development of engineering majors
Authors: Morgan Demetri L. , Davis Kendrick B. , López Norma
Published: December 2019

Background

Engineering can play a significant role in the public good. Changing political dynamics and a surge in activism among the broader science community have only heightened this reality. Yet little published research exists about how engineering students develop both their technical and political identities to affect the broader society.

Purpose

This study sought to extend and complicate notions of engineering education that grapple with the political preparation of undergraduate students. The research question was the following: In what ways do students majoring in engineering navigate the process of acquiring an attitude of political fluency?

Design

Case study methodology informed the research design with undergraduate engineering majors serving as the primary unit of analysis. Focus groups involving a total of 20 students and a review of electronic documents were conducted across three institutions in the Northeastern U.S. to produce data for this qualitative study.

Results

Engineering students described experiencing the following tensions that shaped their political involvement: (a) limited exposure to politically motivating events, (b) privileging private gains while noting aspirational contributions to the public good, and (c) politics positioned at the periphery of engineering.

Conclusions

Consistent with increased attention to social justice and civic engagement outcomes, political engagement is a critical educational outcome for engineering educators to cultivate. However, if engineering programs are to contribute to the political identity formation of their students, structural changes in the preparation of engineering students will be necessary.
Lateral head flexion as a noncoplanar solution for ring gantry stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Reynoso Francisco J. , Hugo Geoffrey D. , Mutic Sasa , Gach H. Michael , Knutson Nels C.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

Ring gantry radiotherapy devices are often limited to deliver beams in the axial plane, severely limiting beam entrance angles and rendering noncoplanar beam delivery impossible. However, a ring gantry geometry greatly simplifies delivery machines and increases the efficiency of treatment with the potential to decrease the overall costs of radiotherapy. This study explores the use of lateral head flexion in order to increase beam entrance angles and extend the available solid angle space for a ring gantry stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) application.

Materials and methods

A 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner was used to scan seven healthy volunteers at three different head positions: a neutral position, a left lateral flexion position and a right lateral flexion position. The lateral flexion scans were co‐registered to the neutral head position scan using rigid registration and extracting the rotational transformation. The head pitch, roll, and yaw were computed for each registration to evaluate the natural range of motion for all volunteers. A ring gantry plan geometry was used to generate two sets of single fraction SRS plans (21 Gy): one coplanar set for head neutral scans, and a three‐arc plan set using the head neutral and lateral head flexion scans. The conformity index (CI), intermediate dose fall‐off (R50), low dose spillage (R10), and gradient measure (GM) were used to evaluate both sets of plans. The treatment plans were generated for a ring‐gantry linear accelerator (linac) (Varian Halcyon 2.0) as well as radiosurgery linac (Varian Edge) for comparison.

Results

The average pitch, yaw, and roll for the lateral head flexion scans were 4.1° ± 4.7°, 16.9° ± 3.7°, and 2.5° ± 4.9° for the right flexion and 4.9° ± 4.3°, 14.0° ± 3.7° and 2.8° ± 5.4° for left flexion. When comparing the head flexion technique with a fully coplanar geometry, the ring gantry plans showed an average improvement in CI of 7.3% (1.46 ± 0.25 vs 1.36 ± 0.28), a decrease of 13% in R50 (5.46 ± 1.14 vs 4.78 ± 1.12), a decrease of 32% in R10 (85.7 ± 20.3 vs 58.2 ± 15.1), and a decrease of 7.8% in GM (0.53 ± 0.05 vs 0.49 ± 0.04). The Edge plans showed an average improvement in CI of 3.0% (1.49 ± 0.26 vs 1.45 ± 0.25), a decrease of 6.8% in R50 (5.19 ± 1.03 vs 4.82 ± 0.83), a decrease of 29% in R10 (84.1 ± 16.3 vs 59.9 ± 12.5), and a decrease of 5.0% in GM (0.50 ± 0.04 vs 0.47 ± 0.03).

Conclusion

Lateral head flexion was shown to increase beam entrance angles considerably improving plan conformity and normal tissue sparing in this pilot study of seven sets of plans. Rigid registrations demonstrated each lateral flexion to be analogous to a 15° couch kick. The head flexion technique outlined here was shown to be a feasible solution for SRS treatments being delivered on ring gantry devices.
Evolution of NAFLD and Its Management
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Velapati Saketh , Patel Janki , Kellogg Todd A. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Hurt Ryan T.
Published: December 2019

The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to be 25% and continues to rise worldwide in the setting of the obesity epidemic. This increase is especially concerning because NAFLD is often a progressive disease that can be associated with significant complications such as liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and an increase in liver‐related and overall mortality. Because of the devastating complications and comorbidities, NAFLD is a very costly disease for the healthcare system, with estimated annual direct medical costs exceeding $100 billion in the United States alone. Given this progressive course, it is imperative to make the diagnosis in patients with risk factors (metabolic syndrome, weight gain, and insulin resistance/diabetes). Once the diagnosis is made, the focus should shift to treatment and monitoring for the development of associated complications. Given that currently no pharmaceutical intervention is approved for the treatment of NAFLD, focus shifts instead to mitigation of risk factors through avoidance of foods that are rich in red meat, trans fats, refined carbohydrates, and high‐fructose corn syrup; are low fiber; and have high energy density. The landmark of treatment, however, continues to be weight loss and improvement of insulin resistance, often through a multimodality approach. The current manuscript reviews the clinical phenotypes of NAFLD, its risk factors, and pathogenesis, as well as treatment options including lifestyle modifications and dietary interventions, medical therapies, endoscopic bariatric interventions, and bariatric surgery.