bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A NECESSIDADE DE UM TRABALHO PREVENTIVO EM MATERNIDADE: INSTRUÇOES SOBRE O COMPORTAMENTO DO RECEM-NASCIDO
Authors: Gasparetto Simone , Bussab Vera Silva Raad
Published: March 2017

Na medida em que se tem observado a precocidade dos comportamentos e reações do recém-nascido é de fundamental import~ncia que o adulto que o manipula esteja consciente das possibilidades de respostas que um bebê pode dar quando recebe estímulos apropriados. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever as reações de bebês recém-nascidos a procedimentos empregados em maternidade, com sentido de avaliar a adequação destas práticas e, avaliar o quanto estas reações são consideradas pela equipe materno-infantil.
A CONTINUIDADE ENTRE CASA E RUA NO MUNDO DA CRIANÇA POBRE
Authors: Sarti Cynthia Andersen
Published: March 2017

A proposta deste texto é discutir a continuidade entre a “situação de rua” das criança brasileiras e as características de seu universo familiar, apontando a necessidade desta discussão diante d abismo de linguagem existente entre as crianças pobres e os que buscam atendê-las através de programa sociais. Freqüentemente bem intencionados, estes programas tornam-se ineficazes devido, em grand parte, a equívocos e preconceitos resultantes do desconhecimento do contexto sócio-cultural do qual s originam estas crianças. Com base em pesquisa feita em um bairro na periferia de São Paulo, o artigo trat deste contexto.
ALIMENTAÇÃO DE BEBÊS E CRIANÇAS PEQUENAS EM CONTEXTOS COLETIVOS: MEDIADORES, INTERAÇÕES E PROGRAMAÇÕES EM EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Amaral Marlene E. M. , Morelli Viviane , Pantoni Rosa V. , Rossetti-Ferreira Maria Clotilde
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo discute aspectos envolvidos no trabalho da creche para desenvolver o processo de aquisição de novos hábitos alimentares, tanto no momento em que o bebe começa a frequentar a creche, como no decorrer de seu desenvolvimento nela. Neste, a busca de cooperaçãoentre creche e família é enfatizada como eixo fundamental para que a iniciativa seja bem sucedida. Partindo de uma reflexão sobre o alimento como construção social e simbólica, contrapõe- se a idéia do que seria uma dieta equilibrada e balanceada e qual seria sua função no desenvolvimentoda criança. A apresentação tem por base a experiência prática acumulada pelas educadoras e técnicos da Creche Carochinha nestes últimos anos e uma pesquisa.recentemente realizada pelo Centro de investigação sobre Desenvolvimento e Educação infantil (CINDEDI) com o objetivo de registrar e analisar os processos de adaptação de bebés, seus familiares e aseducadoras, durante os primeiros meses de frequência à Creche Carochinha. São apresentadas as diretrizes que orientam nosso trabalho nessa área, enfatizando o respeito devido à criança enquanto sujeito ativo neste processo de aquisição. Alguns elementos norteadores para a elaboraçãodo cardápio são discutidos, discriminando procedimentos e etapas seguidas na introdução de modificações, particularmente quando estas coincidem com o período de integração da criança e da família à creche. São referidas algumas situações que requerem procedimentos específicos.Como conclusão, são feitos alguns comentários sobre a formação do educador, questão básica quando se quer garantir uma educação de qualidade.
IDENTIDADE E SEXUALIDADE NO DISCURSO ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Domingues Carla Magda Allan Santos , Alvarenga Augusta Thereza de
Published: March 2017

Tendo em vista interpretar a concepção de adolescência a partir do discurso dos próprios sujeitos sociais, o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar o processo de construção da identidade do adolescente, a partir de múltiplas identificações que o conformam. Considerando que na adolescência relações de género emergentes e manifestações da sexualidade assumem significações particulares no processo de formação dessa identidade procurou-se, igualmente, reter tais aspectos com a finalidade de apreender as características assumidas no processo considerando o espaço social tia qual se movimentam. Nesse sentido, a identificação de padrões culturais, valores sociais e ideológicos, que formam e conformam tal processo, passam a representar o universo no qual se inscreve o grupo estudado, caracterizado por 31 adolescentes estudantes, entre 15 a 19 anos, de ambos os sexos, categorizados em três segmentos sociais, pertencentes a dada área do Município de São Paulo.
A CRECHE COMO CONTEXTO SOCIO-AFETIVO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO: OS PADROES INTERACIONAIS E O AJUSTAMENTO DAS CRIANÇAS
Authors: Bussab Vera Silvia Raad , Maluf Maria Paula Costacurta
Published: March 2017

O estudo do comportamento de crianças em creches tornou-se de fundamental importancia na vida contemporânea, em virtude da substancial adesão a esse modo de criação eda compreensão da importância do contexto sócio-afetivo cotidiano para o desenvolvimento do individuo. A presente pesquisa visou estudar os tipos de interações sociais de crianças de 4 anos, em uma creche pública estadual, com o objetivo de estabelecer relações entre os vários comportamentos das crianças e identificar possíveis padrões de ajustamento social e afetivo à creche. Foram feitas gravações em video, pelo método sujeito focal, de 22 crianças em recreação livre, em 6 sessões de 10 minutos para cada sujeito, distribuídas ao longo de 2 meses. Os dados da totalização das frequências de cada categoria observada foram analisados estatisticamente através de testes de correlação de Pearson e de testes t de comparação de médias. Estas análisesrevelaram a existência de padrões interacionais definidos, especialmente em função do nivel de ir^lteruçõés positivas. Crianças que se envolveram em poucas interações positivas tenderam a apresentar uma distribuição tipica dos demais comportamentos, oposta à verificada no caso das crianças que interagiram muito. Níveis baixos de interações positivas apareceram correlacionados com: 1- níveis altos de observar os demais, o que enfraquece uma suposição de desinteressesocial como explicação para a falta de intonações positivas; 2- níveis altos de apatia, sugestivos de dificuldade no ajustamento à situação; 3- níveis baixos de alguns padrões agressivos. No presente estudo, estes efeitos não foram modulados por tempo de creche, talvez pela ausência detempos menores do que 2 anos, e nem por sexo,  possivelmente pela complexidade de interação desta variável com as demais.
JUVENTUDE INTERATIVA: CIDADANIA CONTRA O RACISMO
Authors: Malachias Rosangela
Published: March 2017

A discriminação racial vigente na sociedade influencia a construção das identidades jovem e étnica, afetando ainda as relações de género. Na chamada sociedade global, percebeseo aumento dos conflitos sociais, marcados principalmente pela desigualdade das oportunidades. Somente através da percepção das diferenças é que se pode construir a igualdade. O objetivo do presente artigo é tratar os temas Sexualidade e Drogas, concomitantemente a um terceiro tema, a Cidadania, através da tomada de consciência dos direitos e deveres individuais que afetam a coletividade. O público-alvo foram alunos dos Cursos Pré-Vestibulares direcionados à população de baixa renda, prioritariamente negra, interessada em estudar na USP. Foram selecionanados os alunos de ambos os sexos interessados em participar do Projeto JUVENTUDE lNTERA 71 VA. Eles atuaram como agentes multiplicadores de informação junto a outros jovens que terão a chance de vir a conhecer o Projeto. O núcleo temático das aulas, oficinas e produção de textos priorizou a construção positiva das identidades jovem e étnica, calcada no conhecimento da cosmovisão africana sobre a sexualidade, o corpo, a fertilidade, além das noções básicas sobre saúde, beleza, autoestima, prazer, equilíbrio fisico e mental.
EDUCADORES E RELACOES RACIAIS
Authors: Botelho Denise Maria
Published: March 2017

O tema de interesse do presente estudo é o da EDUCAÇÃO & RELAÇÕES RACIAIS e nesse campo, tendo como objeto principal a análise do educador como alor social na superação ou manutenção de práticas racistas em Unidades Escolares (UE). Buscamos novas perspectivas para a superação das desigualdades sócio-raciais no contexto nacional.
SAÚDE E SAGRADO: REPRESENTAÇÕES DA DOENÇA E PRÁTICAS DE ATENDIMENTO DOS SACERDOTES SUPREMOS DO CANDOMBLÉ JÊJE-NAGÔ DO BRASIL
Authors: Santos Alessandro De Oliveira dos
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar a figura dos sacerdotes supremos do Candomblé Jejê-Nagô do Brasil, bem como as principais práticas de atendimento utilizadas por eles para promover a saúde, prevenir e lidar com a doença. No Brasil estes sacerdotes vêm se responsabilizando pelo atendimento a uma grande demanda por busca de alívio e ou tratamento no âmbito da doença, oferecendo, através de uma orientação transcendente, elementos para organizar a experiência caótica do sofredor e daqueles diretamente envolvidos no caso.
O CUIDADO DA ENFERMAGEM NO SEGUIMENTO DE CRIANÇAS PRÉ-TERMO E DE BAIXO PESO AO NASCER
Authors: Mello Débora F. , Rocha Semiramis M. M. , Scochi Carmem G. S. , Lima Regina A. G.
Published: March 2017

A assistência às crianças pré-termo e de baixo peso ao nascer avançou muito nos últimos anos com o incremento da tecnologia e a queda dos índices de mortalidade infantil,refletindo na sobrevida de um maior número de crianças e desencadeando questionamentos quanto à qualidade de vida, às necessidades de cuidados e ao seguimento a longo prazo. Esta investigação tem como objetivo identificar os cuidados domiciliares prestados a criança pré-termo e de baixo peso ao nascer, caracterizando o seguimento durante o primeiro mês após a alta hospitalar. O enfoque metodológico contempla abordagens da epidemiologia, do cuidado de enfermagem edas políticas de saúde. O estudo empírico do cuidado no domicílio, baseado na consulta a dados em prontuários hospitalares, na observação participante e nos relatos orais das mães, destaca as características das crianças e das mães estudadas, da hospitalização e do vínculo e dos cuidadosde saúde infantil no domicílio. A partir dessa configuração, aponta-se aspectos do seguimento dessas crianças através de visitas domiciliares, compondo elementos básicos dos cuidados de enfermagem. O seguimento domiciliar envolve o cuidar da criança em suas necessidades clínicas, na prevenção de riscos e de danos, na alimentação, na higiene, no uso de medicações, nas estimulações sensoriais, entre outros aspectos, e envolve o cuidar da mãe estando ao seu lado,escutando-a, revivendo com ela experiências do processo de hospitalização da criança, cuidando do bebe conjuntamente, proporcionando educação em saúde, conforto e autoconfiança. Ao mesmo tempo, o cuidado no domicílio implica em levantar outras necessidades da família e os recursos da comunidade, integrando informações e intervenções entre os serviços de saúde e a rede de serviços de apoio.
A HISTÓRIA: UM TERRITÓRIO SEM FRONTEIRAS
Authors: Goubert Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2017

Fruto de sua trajetória como historiador, o autor expõe, de forma sintética, a súmula de seu pensamento a respeito de sua disciplina e de possíveis interfaces entre ela e áreas afins, para concluir que, “fazer história nao é somente existir, é ‘ser’: serconforme a vocação de toda pessoa humana: a do Homo sapiens sapiens.”
NECESSIDADES (DE SAÚDE) DE ADOLESCENTES DO D.A. RAPOSO TAVARES, SP, REFERIDAS À FAMILIA, ESCOLA E BAIRRO
Authors: Soares Cássia B. , Avila Livia K. de , Salvetti Marina De G.
Published: March 2017

Este estudo, de natureza epidemiológica descritiva, objetiva caracterizar as necessidades de saúde dos adolescentes do Distrito Administrativo Raposo Tavares - município de São Paulo, que apresenta diversas situações de vulnerabilidade social. Foram estudados 133 adolescentes e suas famílias, inscritos em 1 2 escolas públicas e I Centro de Juventude, buscando localizar as suas necessidades de saúde a partir das suas formas de inserção social (plenamente incluidos, precariamente incluidos e excluidos). Os resultados indicam que às formas de reprodução evidenciadas na amostra estudada se associavam necessidades diferenciados, seja do ponto de vista quantitativo, seja do ponto de vista qualitativo, relacionadas às agências e ao espaço de socialização: família, escola e bairro. São necessárias ações intersetoriais, não só de incremento das políticas sociais públicas, mas de capacitação dos adolescentes para que exerçam seus direitos sociais e possam dispor de processos de socialização acolhedores e protetores.
UMA MULHER DE FAMÍLIA
Authors: Stasevskas Kimy Otsuka , Schor Néta
Published: March 2017

Conceitos criados sobre a familia muito vêm influenciado e sendo influenciados pelo movimento de construção da identidade feminina. É fácil imaginar uma mulher se pensamdo, pensamdo sua condição feminma, relacionando isso à idéia de familia; da mesma forma pensar uma farnilia considerando a presença feminina. Percorrer os entrelaçamentos dessas instâncias, mulher e familia, de um ponto de vista histórico e social, contando com os depoimen^tos dos sujeitos da pesquisa, abre oportunidades de estendermos as reflexões aqui revendas, a outrasmulheres, que vivem circunstâncias semelh^imtes ao grupo pesquisado. Esse artigo é parte de uma dissertação de mestrado que propõe urna reflexão sobre o ser mãe. Apresenta algas elementos que constituem essa condição, as articulações que fazem entre si, considerando influênciashistónco-sociais e o papel da mulher atual.
CRIANÇAS DO SERTÃO: MODOS DE VIDA. UM ESTUDO ETNOGRÁFICO DAS FAMÍLIAS DE SANTA CRUZ DO BANABUIÚ, CEARÁ
Authors: Silva Francileide Santana da , Azevedo Maria Raquel de Carvalho
Published: March 2017

Este estudo etnográfico é parte integrante da primeira etapa do projeto Lugar de Criança~. Objetivou-se conhecer o modo de vida- organização familiar, as práticas culturais de cuidado das crianças na faixa etária de zero a sete anos e suas farnilias, ambos residentes no semiárido. Inicialmente foram visitadas 81 familias pertencentes a zona urbana e rural do distrito de Santa C^luz do Banabuiú, municipio de Pedra Branca. Em um segundo momento, 24 destas famílias foram revisitadas, entrevistadas e observadas, utilizando a metodologia de observação participante e diário de campo centrados no ambito familiar. As entrevistas foram realizadas com as mães, e as observações da familia seguiram um roteiro semi-estruturado. Percebeu-se a relação entre as práticas familiares e o ambiente de seca revelados no cuidado com a alimentação e higiene, a arquitetura das casas e nas falas da religiosidade popular. Frente à escassez de água, à baixa produção agrícola, aos empregos altamente rotativos e às questões de saúde, as familias criam suas próprias estratégias de convivência com o ambiente, cabendo à criança ajudar a familia.
ADMINISTRAÇÃO MIRIM EM CONDoMíNIO: ANÁLISE DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA PARTICIPATIVA COM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Penteado Regina Zanella
Published: March 2017

A participação social é essencial para o processo de Promoção da Saúde, e deve ser incentivado desde a infância. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise retrospectiva daexperiência de uma Administração Mirim em um Condomínio Residencial, com destaque para os seus fatores intervenientes, suas possibilidades e seus limites. Tal experiência foi uma tentativa de incentivar crianças a participarem de forma ativa e responsável nas questões, decisões e assuntos do edificio que fossem de seus interesses e necessidades. A análise demonstra que a Administração Mirim favoreceu o desenvolvimento individual e coletivo das crianças, que seenvolveram de forma participativa em outros eventos e assuntos do edifício, apresentando idéias e buscando solucionar problemas. A análise possibilitou identificar aspectos importantes a serem observados em futuras propostas de Administrações Mirins, como uma contribuição para incentivara participação social ativa e real, de crianças e adolescentes, em diversos espaços de convívio social.
ADOLESCÊNCIA E DESENVOLVIMENTO-NO-TEMPO
Authors: Lesko Nancy
Published: March 2017

A idade moderna é definida pelo tempo, por uma temporalizacão da experiência, isto é, por uma compreensão de que os acontecimentos e as mudanças são significativos nasua ocorrência no e através do tempo. Narrativas de vida milenares, evolutivas e individuais partilham tais temporalizações enfatizando o final. Contudo, nem todos os tempos são os mesmos. Eu examino concepções da adolescência como participando do tempo panóptico,um tempo condensado construído sobre hierarquias de gênero, raça e classe, e compreendido como natural. O tempo panóptico coloca a ênfase nas metas finais em direção das quais a juventude deve progredir e coloca o adolescente individual em uma narrativa sócio-cultural que requer o “domínio” como um principio. Deste modo, coloco questões epistemológicas quanto ao desenvolvimento-no-tempo através do qual o adolescente é conhecido, consumido e governado. (lª parte)
Editorial
Authors: Pantaleão Maria Cecília Corrêa
Published: March 2017

A Revista Brasileira de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento Humano – RBCDH – apresenta uma edição especial sobre Família.
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Authors: Carvalho Maria Do Carmo Brand
Published: March 2017

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Dorsal longitudinal foreskin cut is associated with reduced risk of HIV, syphilis and genital herpes in men: a cross‐sectional study in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Vallely Andrew J , MacLaren David , David Matthew , Toliman Pamela , Kelly‐Hanku Angela , Toto Ben , Tommbe Rachael , Kombati Zure , Kaima Petronia , Browne Kelwyn , Manineng Clement , Simeon Lalen , Ryan Claire , Wand Handan , Hill Peter , Law Greg , Siba Peter M , McBride W John H , Kaldor John M
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Various forms of penile foreskin cutting are practised in Papua New Guinea. In the context of an ecological association observed between HIV infection and the dorsal longitudinal foreskin cut, we undertook an investigation of this relationship at the individual level.

Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional study among men attending voluntary confidential HIV counselling and testing clinics. Following informed consent, participants had a face‐to‐face interview and an examination to categorize foreskin status. HIV testing was conducted on site and relevant specimens collected for laboratory‐based Herpes simplex type‐2 (HSV‐2), syphilis, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) testing.

Results: Overall, 1073 men were enrolled: 646 (60.2%) were uncut; 339 (31.6%) had a full dorsal longitudinal cut; 72 (6.7%) a partial dorsal longitudinal cut; and 14 (1.3%) were circumcised. Overall, the prevalence of HIV was 12.3%; HSV‐2, 33.6%; active syphilis, 12.1%; CT, 13.4%; NG, 14.1%; and TV 7.6%. Compared with uncut men, men with a full dorsal longitudinal cut were significantly less likely to have HIV (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] 0.25, 95%CI: 0.12, 0.51); HSV‐2 (adjOR 0.60, 95%CI: 0.41, 0.87); or active syphilis (adjOR 0.55, 95%CI: 0.31, 0.96). This apparent protective effect was restricted to men cut prior to sexual debut. There was no difference between cut and uncut men for CT, NG or TV.

Conclusions: In this large cross‐sectional study, men with a dorsal longitudinal foreskin cut were significantly less likely to have HIV, HSV‐2 and syphilis compared with uncut men, despite still having a complete (albeit morphologically altered) foreskin. The protective effect of the dorsal cut suggests that the mechanism by which male circumcision works is not simply due to the removal of the inner foreskin and its more easily accessible HIV target cells. Exposure of the penile glans and inner foreskin appear to be key mechanisms by which male circumcision confers protection.

Further research in this unique setting will help improve our understanding of the fundamental immunohistologic mechanisms by which male circumcision provides protection, and may lead to new biomedical prevention strategies at the mucosal level.
Resveratrol enhances the inotropic effect but inhibits the proarrhythmic effect of sympathomimetic agents in rat myocardium
Authors: Hernandez-Cascales Jesús
Published: March 2017

Background

Resveratrol is a cardioprotective agent with known antiarrhythmic effects that has recently been shown to inhibit phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme activity. Thus, it is possible that resveratrol increases the inotropic effect of sympathomimetic agents, as PDE inhibitors do but, unlike other PDE inhibitors, its effect may not be accompanied by proarrhythmia due to its antiarrhythmic action. This work is aimed to test this hypothesis.

Methods

This is an “in vitro” concentration-response relationship study. The effects of noradrenaline, tyramine and isoproterenol, alone or in combination with either resveratrol or with the typical PDE inhibitor 3-isobutylmethylxantine (IBMX), were studied in electrically driven strips of right ventricle or in the spontaneously beating free wall of the right ventricle of rat heart in order to investigate inotropic or proarrhythmic effects respectively. Also, the effects of resveratrol or IBMX on the sinoatrial node rate were examined in the isolated right atria of rat heart.

Results

Resveratrol (10 µM and 100 µM) produces a leftward shift in the concentration-response curves for the contractile effects of noradrenaline, tyramine or isoproterenol and reduces the –log EC50values of these three agents. IBMX produces similar effects. The spontaneous ventricular beating rate was increased by all three compounds, an effect that was further enhanced by the addition of IBMX. In contrast, resveratrol (100 µM) abolished the effects of these sympathomimetic agents on the ventricular rate. Resveratrol (1–100 µM) had no effect on the sinoatrial node rate, while IBMX produce a concentration dependent sinoatrial tachycardia.

Discussion

Taken together, the finding, indicate that resveratrol, like the PDE inhibitor IBMX enhances the contractile effects of sympathomimetic agents but, in contrast to IBMX, it does not enhance their proarrhythmic effect or produce sinoatrial tachycardia. This is most probably consequence of the antiarrhythmic effect of resveratrol which protect against the proarrhythmic effects resulting from PDE inhibition.
A direct examination of the dynamics of dipolarization fronts using MMS
Authors: Yao Z. H. , Rae I. J. , Guo R. L. , Fazakerley A. N. , Owen C. J. , Nakamura R. , Baumjohann W. , Watt C. E. J. , Hwang K. J. , Giles B. L. , Russell C.T. , Torbert R. B. , Varsani A. , Fu H. S. , Shi Q. Q. , Zhang X.‐J.
Published: March 2017

Energy conversion on the dipolarization fronts (DFs) has attracted much research attention through the suggestion that intense current densities associated with DFs can modify the more global magnetotail current system. The current structures associated with a DF are at the scale of one to a few ion gyroradii, and their duration is comparable to a spacecraft's spin period. Hence, it is crucial to understand the physical mechanisms of DFs with measurements at a timescale shorter than a spin period. We present a case study whereby we use measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission, which provides full 3‐D particle distributions with a cadence much shorter than a spin period. We provide a cross validation amongst the current density calculations and examine the assumptions that have been adopted in previous literature using the advantages of MMS mission (i.e., small‐scale tetrahedron and high temporal resolution). We also provide a cross validation on the terms in the generalized Ohm's law using these advantageous measurements. Our results clearly show that the majority of the currents on the DF are contributed by both ion and electron diamagnetic drifts. Our analysis also implies that the ion frozen‐in condition does not hold on the DF, while electron frozen‐in condition likely holds. The new experimental capabilities allow us to accurately calculate Joule heating within the DF, which shows that plasma energy is being converted to magnetic energy in our event.
Thermal effect of climate change on groundwater‐fed ecosystems
Authors: Burns Erick R. , Zhu Yonghui , Zhan Hongbin , Manga Michael , Williams Colin F. , Ingebritsen Steven E. , Dunham Jason B.
Published: March 2017

Groundwater temperature changes will lag surface temperature changes from a changing climate. Steady state solutions of the heat‐transport equations are used to identify key processes that control the long‐term thermal response of springs and other groundwater discharge to climate change, in particular changes in (1) groundwater recharge rate and temperature and (2) land‐surface temperature transmitted through the vadose zone. Transient solutions are developed to estimate the time required for new thermal signals to arrive at ecosystems. The solution is applied to the volcanic Medicine Lake highlands, California, USA, and associated springs complexes that host groundwater‐dependent ecosystems. In this system, upper basin groundwater temperatures are strongly affected only by recharge conditions. However, as the vadose zone thins away from the highlands, changes in the average annual land‐surface temperature also influence groundwater temperatures. Transient response to temperature change depends on both the conductive time scale and the rate at which recharge delivers heat. Most of the thermal response of groundwater at high elevations will occur within 20 years of a shift in recharge temperatures, but the large lower elevation springs will respond more slowly, with about half of the conductive response occurring within the first 20 years and about half of the advective response to higher recharge temperatures occurring in approximately 60 years.
Alloying Effects on the Phase Transformation Behaviors of the Orthorhombic and Ordered ω Phases in High Nb–TiAl Alloys
Authors: Hu Xingguo , Li Jinshan , Song Lin , Zhang Tiebang , Kou Hongchao
Published: March 2017

In this work, alloying effects of Mn, Mo, and Cr on the phase transformation behaviors of the orthorhombic and ordered ω phases in high Nb–TiAl are investigated. Modulated structures are observed in the Mn and Mo‐containing alloys indicating that Mn and Mo cannot hinder the formation of the orthorhombic phase while Cr hinders the formation of the orthorhombic phase completely. For the ordered ω phases, small ordered ω particles are observed in the Mn‐containing alloy. Though Mn cannot hinder the formation of the ordered ω phases, the formation temperature of which is decreased to 600 °C. No ordered ω phases are observed in the Mo and Cr‐containing alloys. Two percent of Mo and Cr hinder the formation of the ordered ω phases completely. The stabilization effect of Mn, Mo, and Cr on βo phase is mainly a thermodynamic effect.
Development of a Hypoxic Radiosensitizer‐Prodrug Liposome Delivery DNA Repair Inhibitor Dbait Combination with Radiotherapy for Glioma Therapy
Authors: Liu Hongmei , Cai Yifan , Zhang Yafei , Xie Yandong , Qiu Hui , Hua Lei , Liu Xuejiao , Li Yuling , Lu Jun , Zhang Longzhen , Yu Rutong
Published: March 2017

Gliomas are highly radioresistant tumors, mainly due to hypoxia in the core region of the gliomas and efficient DNA double‐strand break repair. However, the design of a radiosensitizer incorporating the two above mechanisms is difficult and has rarely been reported. Thus, this study develops a hypoxic radiosensitizer‐prodrug liposome (MLP) to deliver the DNA repair inhibitor Dbait (MLP/Dbait) to achieve the simultaneous entry of radiosensitizers with two different mechanisms into the glioma. MLP/Dbait effectively sensitizes glioma cells to X‐ray radiotherapy (RT). Histological and microscopic examinations of dissected brain tissue confirm that MLP effectively delivers Dbait into the glioma. Furthermore, the combination of MLP/Dbait with RT significantly inhibits growth of the glioma, as assessed by in vivo bioluminescence imaging. These findings suggest that MLP is a promising candidate as a Dbait delivery system to enhance the effect of RT on glioma, owing to the synergistic effects of the two different radiosensitizers.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 7‐(E)‐Arylidene‐2‐chloro‐6‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes via Aluminum Chloride‐Promoted Cyclization/Chlorination of Six‐Membered Ring 3‐Enynamides
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Chang P. , Chang Yi‐Mei , Lin Hsin‐Hui
Published: March 2017

An efficient stereoselective synthesis of 7‐(E)‐arylidene‐2‐chloro‐6‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes is described. The aluminum chloride‐promoted cyclization/chlorination of six‐membered ring 3‐enynamides enables a straightforward approach to the 6‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane nucleus that is incorporated in many biologically active compounds. Acid treatment of the resultant chlorinated arylideneazabicyclooctanes furnishes 3‐alkanoyl‐4‐chlorocyclohexanamines in excellent yields and high stereoselectivity.

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Cardiac arrest caused by sibutramine obtained over the Internet: a case of a young woman without pre‐existing cardiovascular disease successfully resuscitated using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Bunya Naofumi , Sawamoto Keigo , Uemura Shuji , Kyan Ryoko , Inoue Hiroyuki , Nishida Junichi , Kouzu Hidemichi , Kokubu Nobuaki , Miura Tetsuji , Narimatsu Eichi
Published: March 2017

Case

Sibutramine is a weight loss agent that was withdrawn from the market in the USA and European Union because it increases adverse events in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, non‐prescription weight loss pills containing sibutramine can be still easily purchased over the Internet.

A 21‐year‐old woman without history of cardiovascular diseases developed cardiac arrest. She was a user of a weight loss pills, containing sibutramine and hypokalemia‐inducing agents, imported from Thailand over the Internet.

Outcome

She was successfully resuscitated without any neurological deficits by using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory ventricular fibrillation.

Conclusion

This case indicates that sibutramine can cause cardiac arrest even in subjects without pre‐existing cardiovascular disease when combined with agents that promote QT prolongation.
Die anellierende Erweiterung von π‐Systemen (APEX‐Reaktion): ein rascher Zugang zu kondensierten Arenen, Heteroarenen und Nanographenen
Authors: Ito Hideto , Ozaki Kyohei , Itami Kenichiro
Published: March 2017

Die anellierende Erweiterung von π‐Systemen (APEX‐Reaktion) hat das Potential, die Materialwissenschaften, das Bioimaging und die pharmazeutische/agrochemische Industrie enorm zu beeinflussen, da sie einen Zugang zu kondensierten aromatischen Systemen ausgehend von relativ simplen aromatischen Verbindungen in einem einzigen Schritt ermöglicht. Üblicherweise vereinfacht eine APEX‐Reaktion die Erweiterung eines π‐Systems im Eintopfverfahren, ohne präfunktionalisierte aromatische Verbindungen zu benötigen. Diese vorteilhafte Eigenschaft ist zur Einstellung und Modifikation molekularer Eigenschaften im letzten Schritt einer Synthese besonders nützlich. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Fortschritte und Anwendungen von APEX‐Reaktionen unfunktionalisierter Arene und Heteroarene beschrieben.
Cyanobacterial ent‐Sterol‐Like Natural Products from a Deviated Ubiquinone Pathway
Authors: Moosmann Philipp , Ueoka Reiko , Grauso Laura , Mangoni Alfonso , Morinaka Brandon I. , Gugger Muriel , Piel Jörn
Published: March 2017

Natural products from marine animals show high potential for the development of new medicines, but drug development based on these compounds is commonly hampered by their low natural abundance. Since many of these metabolites are suspected or known to be produced by uncultivated bacterial symbionts, the rapidly growing diversity of sequenced prokaryotic genomes offers the opportunity to identify alternative, culturable sources of natural products computationally. In this work, we investigated the potential of using this sequenced resource to facilitate the production of meroterpenoid‐like compounds related to those from marine sources. This genome‐mining strategy revealed a biosynthetic gene cluster for highly modified cytotoxic meroterpenoids related to pelorol and other compounds isolated from sponges. Functional characterization of the terpene cyclase MstE showed that it generates an ent‐sterol‐like skeleton fused to an aryl moiety from an open‐chain precursor and is therefore a promising tool for the chemoenzymatic preparation of synthetically challenging chemical scaffolds.
A Challenging Pie to Splice: Drugging the Spliceosome
Authors: León Brian , Kashyap Manoj K. , Chan Warren C. , Krug Kelsey A. , Castro Januario E. , La Clair James J. , Burkart Michael D.
Published: March 2017

Since its discovery in 1977, the study of alternative RNA splicing has revealed a plethora of mechanisms that had never before been documented in nature. Understanding these transitions and their outcome at the level of the cell and organism has become one of the great frontiers of modern chemical biology. Until 2007, this field remained in the hands of RNA biologists. However, the recent identification of natural product and synthetic modulators of RNA splicing has opened new access to this field, allowing for the first time a chemical‐based interrogation of RNA splicing processes. Simultaneously, we have begun to understand the vital importance of splicing in disease, which offers a new platform for molecular discovery and therapy. As with many natural systems, gaining clear mechanistic detail at the molecular level is key towards understanding the operation of any biological machine. This minireview presents recent lessons learned in this emerging field of RNA splicing chemistry and chemical biology.
Coumarin‐tethered (benz)imidazolium salts and their silver(I) N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and antibacterial studies
Authors: Achar Gautam , V. C. Ramya , K. Upendranath , Budagumpi Srinivasa
Published: March 2017

A series of new sterically modulated chlorocoumarin‐substituted (benz)imidazolium salts and their bis‐N‐heterocyclic carbene silver(I) complexes were prepared and characterized. The complexes were prepared in good yields following the in situ deprotonation method by treating azolium salts with silver(I) oxide in the dark. All the compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical methods. Additionally, one of the benzimidazolium salts was characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. In this salt, intermolecular π–π stacking interactions operate between benzimidazole as well as coumarin heterocyclic systems with adjacent molecules. In the preliminary antibacterial studies, the silver complexes were found more active than the corresponding salts against a panel of bacterial strains. Interestingly, the complexes displayed improved antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli strain, comparable with that of the standard drug ampicillin.
Electrochemical and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by an electron‐deficient cobalt tris(ethoxycarbonyl)corrole complex
Authors: Yuan Hui‐Qing , Wang Hua‐Hua , Kandhadi Jaipal , Wang Hui , Zhan Shu‐Zhong , Liu Hai‐Yang
Published: March 2017

An electron‐deficient flat 5,10,15‐tris(ethoxycarbonyl)corrole (TECC) cobalt complex, [Co(TECC)(Py)2] (1; py = pyridine), was prepared and employed as a catalyst for homogeneous hydrogen evolution. It turns out that water can be successfully used as a proton source in acetonitrile–water (2:3 v/v) solvent system for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Complex 1 is also an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen generation from aqueous solution, an example of the first application of metal corrole as photocatalyst for hydrogen production.
Gold nanoparticles supported on ionic liquid‐modified cellulose as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones and reduction of nitroarenes
Authors: Pourjavadi Ali , Habibi Zahra
Published: March 2017

A novel catalyst of gold nanoparticles supported on cellulose fibres with the ionic liquid framework (Au NPs@CL‐IL) has been shown to be a highly active and recyclable catalyst for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols and reduction of nitroarenes in aqueous media. The reusability of this catalyst is high, and it can be reused ten times without a significant decrease in its catalytic activity. Furthermore, transmission electron micrographs of the recovered catalyst show the presence of well‐distributed Au NPs on the CL‐IL fibres without any aggregation.
Factors Influencing Consumer Willingness to Pay for Low‐Carbon Products: A Simulation Study in China
Authors: Liu Yong , Yang Dewei , Xu Hengzhou
Published: March 2017

Consumer choice behavior is crucial to supporting cleaner production and plays an essential role in low‐carbon development and environmental policy‐making. Therefore, combining system dynamics with an agent‐based model (SD–AB), the present study explores influencing factors on both providers' and consumers' sides. Using empirical data from selected firms and a questionnaire survey of residents in China, the simulation results revealed that consumers' low‐carbon awareness and income have little effect on their willingness to pay for low‐carbon products. In contrast, some factors have an obvious effect on consumers' willingness to pay for low‐carbon products, including the delivery speed of low‐carbon products, consumers' patience and degree of satisfaction. Thus, companies that provide low‐carbon products should be more focused on customer expectations and should ensure timely and efficient delivery to consumers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Bifunctional Squaramides as Organocatalysts for Lactide Polymerization: Catalytic Performance and Comparison with Monofunctional Analogues
Authors: Specklin David , Hild Frédéric , Chen Li , Thévenin Lucas , Munch Maxime , Dumas Françoise , Le Bideau Franck , Dagorne Samuel
Published: March 2017

Amine‐functionalized squaramides 1 and 2 were prepared and shown to be suitable polymerization organocatalysts for the controlled ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of l‐lactide (l‐LA) in the presence of an alcohol source such as BnOH (which acts as an initiator) to afford chain‐length‐controlled and narrow‐dispersion poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) under mild reaction conditions. The ROP experimental and polymer analysis data are consistent with the action of 1 and 2 as bifunctional hydrogen‐bonding (HB) catalysts that are able to activate both the lactide monomer and initiator BnOH thanks to their dual HB acceptor and donor properties. As a comparison, aminosquaramide 3, a direct analogue of 1 but a weaker HB donor because of the absence of electron‐withdrawing NH substituents, displays little lactide ROP activity, which highlights the key role of monomer activation through HB in the present systems. Unlike aminosquaramides 1 and 2, related monofunctional squaramides 4 and 5 are inactive in l‐LA ROP in the presence of BnOH, but the addition of NEt3, as an external HB acceptor, allows the ROP to proceed with the production of well‐defined PLLA. A cooperative dual activation with an activated monomer/activated chain‐end mechanism is most likely operative in the lactide ROP mediated by 1 and 2 in the presence of BnOH.
Selective Fluorimetric Detection of Primary Alkylamines by a Calix[6]arene Funnel Complex
Authors: Rémy Charlotte , Guyon Hélène , Rebilly Jean‐Noël , Leray Isabelle , Reinaud Olivia
Published: March 2017

The association of host–guest and coordination chemistry was used to develop a fluorescent molecular sensor. A calix[6]arene bearing three imidazole arms at the small rim and three quinoline fluorophores at the large rim was synthesized and characterized. A two‐step coordination sequence was observed upon addition of ZnII. The first ZnII center binds the tris‐imidazole small rim site, leading only to a small perturbation of the fluorescence. In contrast, a large bathochromic shift is observed upon binding of the second ZnII center at the large rim as a result of the direct interaction of ZnII with the quinoline fluorophores. The system acts as a selective receptor for primary amines. Host–guest adduct formation could be identified by a shift and enhancement of the fluorescence emission that is dependent on the length and shape of the primary amine. This system constitutes a fluorescent reporter with a selective response among primary amines.
Enhancing rich content wikis with real‐time collaboration
Authors: Ignat Claudia‐Lavinia , André Luc , Oster Gérald
Published: March 2017

Wikis are one of the most important tools of Web 2.0 allowing users to easily edit shared data. However, wikis offer limited support for merging concurrent contributions on the same pages. Users have to manually merge concurrent changes, and there is no support for an automatic merging. Real‐time collaborative editing reduces conflicts as the time frame for concurrent work is very short. In this paper, we propose extending wiki systems with real‐time collaboration. We propose an automatic merging solution adapted for rich content wikis. Our solution relies on an operational transformation algorithm defined for high level operations that capture user actions such as move, merge, and split.
Unravelling Some of the Key Transformations in the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignin
Authors: Lui Matthew Y. , Chan Bun , Yuen Alexander K. L. , Masters Anthony F. , Montoya Alejandro , Maschmeyer Thomas
Published: March 2017

Using both experimental and computational methods, focusing on intermediates and model compounds, some of the main features of the reaction mechanisms that operate during the hydrothermal processing of lignin were elucidated. Key reaction pathways and their connection to different structural features of lignin were proposed. Under neutral conditions, subcritical water was demonstrated to act as a bifunctional acid/base catalyst for the dissection of lignin structures. In a complex web of mutually dependent interactions, guaiacyl units within lignin were shown to significantly affect overall lignin reactivity.
Stress resilience in crop plants: strategic thinking to address local food production problems
Authors: Davies William J. , Ribaut Jean‐Marcel
Published: March 2017

There are many ways to assess or define the stress resilience of crop production, but ultimately the resilience of systems (and communities), i.e., an ability to survive and prosper, is driven by profitability. Here we review challenges for those who seek to bring about beneficial change in practice or policy as we translate novel crop science research findings into impacts on the food supply chain. While advances in plant and crop science are relevant to this challenge, the context of application is crucial here and this will mean that many other considerations, discussed below, will potentially moderate the impact on crop growth and yield of what could be the introduction of very significant breakthroughs in genetic gain. This paper considers opportunities for plant scientists seeking to address the world's growing food security challenge by exploiting new understanding of the basis of crop stress resilience. Ultimately the local challenge is to increase the resilience of cropping systems and rural communities.
Low back pain in farmers: The association with agricultural work management, disability, and quality of life in Korean farmers
Authors: Jo Hannae , Park Hee‐won , Baek Sora , Kang Eun Kyoung
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to identify the associations among low back pain (LBP), LBP‐related disability, agricultural working condition management, and quality of life (QOL) in Korean farmers. Demographic information, agricultural work management, and outcomes of LBP were obtained by standardized questionnaires (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] for disability and European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions‐3‐Level version [EQ‐5D‐3L] for QOL). Presence of LBP was determined if the LBP had lasted longer than 1 week or had been more frequent than once a month, and presence of LBP‐related disability was determined if the ODI score was more than 12. Poor health checkups (OR [odds ratio] = 1.70–86, p < .05), were positively associated with LBP, and working at dawn (OR = 1.85–1.96, p < .05), was positively associated with LBP‐related disability after adjusting related demographic factors. EQ‐5D‐3L indexes were significantly lower in participants with LBP (0.83 ± 0.17 vs. 0.92 ± 0.06, p < .001) and disability (0.81 ± 0.18 vs. 0.93 ± 0.05, p < .001). This study showed that the presence of LBP was related to poor health checkups and that LBP‐related disability was related to a poor working time schedule. These results indicate poor QOL and suggest the need for coping strategies such as regular health checkups and a proper working time schedule.
Iron species determination by task‐specific ionic liquid‐based in situ solvent formation dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Sadeghi Susan , Ashoori Vahid
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

The task‐specific ionic liquid (TSIL) of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide functionalized with 8‐hydroxyquinoline was used as a chelating agent and extracting solvent for dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and subsequent determination of Fe(III) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The in situ solvent formation of TSIL using KPF6 provided the desired water‐immiscible ionic liquid. The total Fe concentration could be determined after pre‐oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III). Various factors affecting the proposed extraction procedure were optimized.

RESULTS

The proposed analytical conditions were: sample pH 5, TSIL amount 0.3% (w/v), KPF6 amount 0.15% (w/v), anti‐sticking 0.1% (w/v) and salt concentration 5% (w/v). Under optimal conditions, the linear dynamic ranges for Fe(III) and total Fe were 20–80 and 20–110 ng mL−1, respectively, with a detection limit of 6.9 ng mL−1 for Fe(III) and relative standard deviation of 2.2%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace Fe(III) in water (underground, tap, refined water and artificial sea water) and beverage (apple, tomato, and tea) samples.

CONCLUSION

The developed method offers advantages such as simplicity, ease of operation, and extraction of Fe(III) from aqueous solutions without the use of organic solvent. It was successfully applied for iron speciation in different real samples. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of germination on chemical, functional and nutritional characteristics of wheat, brown rice and triticale: a comparative study
Authors: Sibian Mandeep S , Saxena Dharmesh C , Riar Charanjit S
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

Germination is accompanied by various metabolic reactions in the seed, which lead to alteration of its chemical composition as compared to raw seed. Among the micromolecules, amino acids play an important role in various growth and metabolic activities in seeds.

RESULTS

Results indicated that germination altered seeds' chemical composition, which improved/changed the functional properties investigated such as bulk density, foaming capacity, water holding capacity, oil binding capacity and emulsification properties. Essential amino acids were increased during germination, which contributed in enhancing the nutritional quality of protein in seeds. Germination also improved protein‐based quality parameters such as essential amino acid index, biological value, protein efficiency ratio and nutritional index in seeds of brown rice, wheat and triticale. Among the grains, the essential amino acid index of brown rice was reported to be highest after germination.

CONCLUSION

Indispensable/essential amino acids such as lysine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine and valine showed a significant increase during germination. As a result, amino acid scoring based on the reference pattern of an FAO Expert Consultation Report (2013) for infants and adults was appreciably improved after germination along with an increase in the essential amino acid indices for brown rice (78.78), wheat (76.55) and triticale (73.99). © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry