bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damping of spin waves
Authors: Wagner David , Shokri Masoud , Rischke Dirk H.
Published: November 2024

We show that, in ideal-spin hydrodynamics, the components of the spin tensor follow damped wave equations. The damping rate is related to nonlocal collisions of the particles in the fluid, which enter at first order in ℏ in a semiclassical expansion. This rate provides an estimate for the timescale of spin equilibration and is computed by considering a system of spin-1/2 fermions interacting via a quartic self-interaction as well as via (screened) one-gluon exchange. It is found that the relaxation times of the components of the spin tensor can become very large compared to the usual dissipative timescales of the system. Our results suggest that the spin degrees of freedom in a heavy-ion collision may not be in equilibrium by the time of freeze-out, and thus should be treated dynamically.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Programmable viscosity metamaterials: Designing fluid properties using temporal superposition of shear and acoustics
Authors: Sehgal Prateek , Ramaswamy Meera , Ong Edward Y. X. , Ness Christopher , Cohen Itai , Kirby Brian J.
Published: November 2024

Metamaterials are composite structures whose extraordinary properties arise from a mesoscale organization of their constituents. Here, we introduce a different material class—viscosity metafluids. Specifically, we demonstrate that we can rapidly drive large viscosity oscillations in shear-thickened fluids using acoustic perturbations with kHz to MHz frequencies. Because the timescale for these oscillations can be orders of magnitude smaller than the timescales associated with the global material flow, we can construct metafluids whose resulting time-averaged viscosity is a composite of the thickened, high-viscosity and dethickened, low-viscosity states. We show that viscosity metafluids can be used to engineer a variety of unique properties including zero, infinite, and negative viscosities. The high degree of control over the resulting viscosity, the ease with which they can be accessed, and the variety of exotic properties achievable make viscosity metafluids attractive for uses in technologies ranging from coatings to cloaking to 3D printing.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Erratum: Pseudofermion method for the exact description of fermionic environments: From single-molecule electronics to the Kondo resonance [Phys. Rev. Research
5
, 033011 (2023)]
Authors: Cirio Mauro , Lambert Neill , Liang Pengfei , Kuo Po-Chen , Chen Yueh-Nan , Menczel Paul , Funo Ken , Nori Franco
Published: November 2024

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Mapping the topology-localization phase diagram with quasiperiodic disorder using a programmable superconducting simulator
Authors: Li Xuegang , Xu Huikai , Wang Junhua , Tang Ling-Zhi , Zhang Dan-Wei , Yang Chuhong , Su Tang , Wang Chenlu , Mi Zhenyu , Sun Weijie , Liang Xuehui , Chen Mo , Li Chengyao , Zhang Yingshan , Linghu Kehuan , Han Jiaxiu , Liu Weiyang , Feng Yulong , Liu Pei , Xue Guangming , Zhang Jingning , Jin Yirong , Zhu Shi-Liang , Yu Haifeng , Zhao S. P. , Xue Qi-Kun
Published: November 2024

We explore a topology-localization phase diagram by simulating a one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with quasiperiodic disorder using a programmable superconducting simulator. We experimentally map out and identify various trivial and topological phases with extended, critical, and localized bulk states. We find that with increasing disorder strength, some extended states can be first replaced by localized states and then by critical states before the system finally becomes fully localized. The critical states exhibit typical features such as multifractality and self-similarity, which lead to surprisingly rich phases with different types of mobility edges and scaling behaviors on the phase boundaries. Our results shed light on the investigation of the topological and localization phenomena in condensed-matter physics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
CFTD
from
TQFTD+1
via Holographic Tensor Network, and Precision Discretization of
CFT2
Authors: Chen Lin , Ji Kaixin , Zhang Haochen , Shen Ce , Wang Ruoshui , Zeng Xiangdong , Hung Ling-Yan
Published: November 2024

We show that the path integral of conformal field theories in D dimensions (CFTD) can be constructed by solving for eigenstates of a renormalization group (RG) operator following from the Turaev-Viro formulation of a topological field theory (topological quantum field theory) (TQFT) in D+1 dimensions (TQFTD+1), explicitly realizing the holographic sandwich relation between a symmetric theory and a TQFT. Generically, exact eigenstates corresponding to symmetric TQFTD follow from Frobenius algebra in TQFTD+1. For D=2, we construct eigenstates that produce 2D rational CFT path integrals exactly, which curiously connect a continuous-field theoretic path integral with the Turaev-Viro state sum. We also devise and illustrate numerical methods for D=2, 3 to search for CFTD as phase transition points between symmetric TQFTD. Finally, since the RG operator is in fact an exact analytic holographic tensor network, we compute “bulk-boundary” correlators and compare them with the AdS/CFT dictionary at D=2. Promisingly, they are numerically compatible given our accuracy, although further works will be needed to explore the precise connection to the AdS/CFT correspondence.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Study on the performance of nano boron nitride composite phosphate film modified on carbon steel surface
Authors: Zhu Zhiping , Tian Chen , Shi Xiyao , Li Tao , Zhou Shangming
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of nano polypyrrole-modified boron nitride on the performance of phosphate film.

Design/methodology/approach

By adding polypyrrole-modified boron nitride to the phosphate solution, a phosphate film is formed on the metal surface, improving its corrosion resistance. The effect of different concentrations of polypyrrole-modified boron nitride on the corrosion resistance of Q235 carbon steel surface was studied. The corrosion resistance of the phosphate film was evaluated using the copper sulfate drop test. The electrochemical corrosion performance of the phosphate film was assessed using the weak polarization curve method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface of the samples was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.

Findings

The results show that samples containing polypyrrole-modified boron nitride have a denser and more uniform phosphate film. When the concentration of polypyrrole-modified boron nitride is 0.6 g/L, the drop time of copper sulfate on the formed phosphate film can reach 219 s, which is a 189% increase compared to the performance of the sample without the additive. The current density is 1.06 × 10−6 A/cm2 lower than that of the pure phosphate film, indicating the best corrosion resistance. Polypyrrole-modified boron nitride effectively promotes the formation of the phosphate film.

Originality/value

This study used the modification of phosphate solution using nanoparticles to investigate the influence of different nanoparticle concentrations on the phosphate film. The corrosion resistance of the phosphate film was enhanced, providing a method and theoretical guidance for the improvement of phosphate solution formulation.
Synthesizing customer satisfaction and loyalty through contractors’ service quality and brand image
Authors: Win Chu Chu Myat Thwe , Dodanwala Tharindu C. , Santoso Djoen San
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The present study developed an integrated model to evaluate the relationship between service quality, brand image, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the context of Myanmar’s construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

Data on the study variables were gathered from a cross-sectional survey of 210 client organizations that own private buildings in Myanmar. A factor analysis-validated structural equation model was developed to assess the research hypotheses and conceptual framework.

Findings

The results supported an integrated model in which brand image partly mediated the effects of service quality on customer satisfaction. Besides, the brand image and customer satisfaction fully mediated the impact of service quality on customer loyalty. Brand image exerted indirect effects on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. The study further identified the direct effects of service quality on brand image and customer satisfaction, brand image on customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty.

Originality/value

While prior studies have explored service quality in the construction industry, no integrated model has been developed to identify the relationship between service quality, brand image, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in construction project settings. This study filled this critical gap in the literature by offering a unique perspective on the study variables and their interrelationships.
Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of high-rise flats built using prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC)
Authors: Peh Luke Lu Chang , Low Sui Pheng , Chan Angela
Published: November 2024

Purpose

There has been an increasing use of prefabricated prefinished volumetric construction (PPVC) in the construction of high-rise flats to enhance productivity and sustainability, but there have been little studies to evaluate if the use of PPVC satisfies construction quality and overall satisfaction with the flat. This study aims to evaluate how homeowners perceive living in PPVC flats after they have moved into their homes. This is done with a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) looking at total building performance (TBP) mandates covering spatial performance (SP), acoustics performance (AP), visual performance (VP), indoor air quality performance (IAQP) and thermal performance (TP).

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through the use of a survey questionnaire which was developed based on literature review. The data gathered from 145 respondents were then analysed quantitatively using Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), Microsoft Excel and Comma-Separated Values (CSV) files. The data analysed were further validated through the use of interviews with industry professionals.

Findings

Based on descriptive and inferential statistics, the key findings of this study are that most respondents are satisfied with their PPVC flats in terms of quality of construction, satisfaction, IAQP, TP, AP and VP. However, they are less satisfied with the interior of their PPVC flats.

Originality/value

This is the first ever POE in the world conducted with homeowners living in high-rise flats built using PPVC. The findings from the study highlighted homeowners’ concerns regarding the quality of construction, SP, and AP, particularly in the interior areas of the flats, and underscores the importance of considering homeowners' experiences and perceptions in the design and construction of PPVC housing.
Residents’ trust, perceived benefits and support for mega-sporting events: insights from the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games
Authors: Yamashita Rei , Hallmann Kirstin
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to reveal the interrelationships between residents’ perceived trust, perceived social and personal benefits and event support intention for the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games. The interrelationships were investigated over time.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected twice (Time 1: 7–9 September 2021 and Time 2: 7–9 September 2022) using a panel design. Stratified online sampling was employed based on resident status, age and Olympic and Paralympic viewership (n = 714). Structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the data.

Findings

Trust strongly affected personal and social benefits at Time 1 and event support at Time 2. However, social benefits at Time 2 did not significantly influence event support at Time 2. The reciprocal effects of personal and social benefits at Time 1 and Time 2 were observed to be weakly related or not related.

Practical implications

Bidding procedures often require public backing. Actors must explain how residents will be affected generally and which benefits might derive from the megasport event. Briefings would also boost event openness. Messages that locals can apply to their own lives are more important than explaining how society will change.

Originality/value

This study contributed to the literature by applying the concepts of trust and buy-in from social exchange theory to the context of mega-sporting events. The findings highlighted that the success of such events hinged on resident buy-in. Contrary to previous studies, this research clarified that while residents may have distrusted certain entities, they still supported the event, indicating that trust and buy-in operated independently.
Factors influencing low-income citizens’ choice of Sharia-subsidized housing credit in Indonesia
Authors: Abdurrahman Haris Izzuddin , Wulandari Permata , Wulandari Karina
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to find several factors from religiosity aspects (perceived religiosity on property [PRP], perceived Islamic debt principle, perceived maqasid on homeownership, Shariah-compliant products [SCPs]) and financial aspects (mortgage repayment policy [MRP], well-versed bankers, perceived financial benefit [PFB], perceived risk), which influence the willingness of low-income people to choose Sharia-subsidized Kredit pemilikan rumah/mortgage (KPR) in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

Research data was obtained from 235 respondents and analyzed using the partial least square-structural equation modeling method.

Findings

The research results show that PRP, SCPs, MRP and PFBs significantly influence the willingness to choose Sharia-subsidized mortgage. The practical implication that can be applied to increase the willingness of low-income people to choose Sharia-subsidized mortgage is by promoting it more massively with elements of community religiosity.

Originality/value

Sharia banking as the bank implementing Sharia-subsidized mortgage can consider the financial benefits of the debtor by implementing payment policies that make it easier for customers who have financial difficulties, such as rescheduling and payment holiday policies so that public interest in choosing Sharia-subsidized mortgage increases, so the problem of housing needs in low-income people can find its solution.
MAMSC: a semantic enhanced representation model for public opinion key node recognition based on multianchor mapping in semantic communities
Authors: Luo Yongcong , Zhu He
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Information is presented in various modalities such as text and images, and it can quickly and widely spread on social networks and among the general public through key communication nodes involved in public opinion events. Therefore, by tracking and identifying key nodes of public opinion, we can determine the direction of public opinion evolution and timely and effectively control public opinion events or curb the spread of false information.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper introduces a novel multimodal semantic enhanced representation based on multianchor mapping semantic community (MAMSC) for identifying key nodes in public opinion. MAMSC consists of four core components: multimodal data feature extraction module, feature vector dimensionality reduction module, semantic enhanced representation module and semantic community (SC) recognition module. On this basis, we combine the method of community discovery in complex networks to analyze the aggregation characteristics of different semantic anchors and construct a three-layer network module for public opinion node recognition in the SC with strong, medium and weak associations.

Findings

The experimental results show that compared with its variants and the baseline models, the MAMSC model has better recognition accuracy. This study also provides more systematic, forward-looking and scientific decision-making support for controlling public opinion and curbing the spread of false information.

Originality/value

We creatively combine the construction of variant autoencoder with multianchor mapping to enhance semantic representation and construct a three-layer network module for public opinion node recognition in the SC with strong, medium and weak associations. On this basis, our constructed MAMSC model achieved the best results compared to the baseline models and ablation evaluation models, with a precision of 91.21%.
Beyond dialysis: Assessing therapeutic regimen compliance and sleep quality in chronic renal failure patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Naeem Alharbi Jalal
Published: November 2024

Background

Given its potential to impact physical and mental health, sleep quality is one of the most significant clinical outcomes among hemodialysis patients. Patients undergoing hemodialysis are required to adhere to an intricate treatment plan that consists of regular hemodialysis treatments, dietary and fluid restrictions, and a multi‐drug regimen.

Aim

Investigate the relationship between adherence to a therapeutic regimen and sleep quality among chronic renal failure patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Method

A descriptive correlational research design was followed. The study was conducted at the hemodialysis units in Hafr Albatin City, specifically at Hafr Albatin Central Hospital and King Khaled Hospital, Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample of 100 adult patients was selected for the study. The Hemodialysis Patients Adherence Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were utilized to collect the data in 5 months from September 20, 2023 to February 15, 2024.

Results

The study revealed that more than half of the studied patients adhered to the therapeutic regimen, while (46%) did not adhere to it. More than half of the patients had poor sleep quality and were nonadherent to diet and fluid restrictions. Overall adherence score is negatively correlated with the global sleep quality score (r = −0.368, p < 0.001), indicating that poorer sleep quality is associated with lower overall adherence to the therapeutic regimen.

Conclusion

While a significant proportion of the patients demonstrated adherence to overall therapeutic regimens, including dialysis sessions and medication intake, there was notable nonadherence to fluid and diet restrictions. Poor sleep quality, prevalent among two‐thirds of the participants, correlates negatively with adherence to therapeutic regimens.
Evaluation of the potential of Ergostatrien‐3β‐ol for treating Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Wu Po‐Chang , Chao Ya‐Husan , Zhang Xiang , Chen Tzu‐Ting , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Lin Chih‐Chen , Chang Hen‐Hong
Published: November 2024

Aim

Ergostatrien‐3β‐ol (EK100) is a bioactive compound found in the fruiting bodies and mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea and has anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This study aims to evaluate the potential of EK100 as a treatment for Sjögren's syndrome (SS).

Methods

We employed a spontaneous SS model in non‐obese diabetic (NOD)/Ltj mice to assess the therapeutic potential of EK100. The effects of EK100 were evaluated based on stimulated salivary flow rates, sialadenitis, expression of inflammatory cytokines in salivary glands, and profiles of T cell subsets in the spleen. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted to assess the impact of EK100 on Th17 cell differentiation and dendritic cell (DC) maturation.

Results

EK100 treatment significantly increased salivary flow rates, suppressed lymphocyte infiltration, and decreased the concentrations of anti‐SSA/Ro and anti‐SSB/La autoantibodies. EK100 also downregulated the expression of various inflammatory cytokines in the salivary glands and reduced the populations of Th1 and Th17 cells in the spleens of NOD/Ltj mice. In vitro experiments confirmed that EK100 inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells and the maturation of DCs.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that EK100 may offer a promising therapeutic avenue for the treatment of SS by modulating the interaction between Th17 cells and DCs.
Digital Accountability in Collaborative Public Governance in Times of Crisis: Analysing the Debate in a Polarized Social Forum
Authors: Polzer Tobias , Öner Selin
Published: November 2024

Accountability in collaborative public governance initiatives and in digital era governance is under‐researched, especially in the context of crisis and where issues are debated in a social forum. Accountability considerations are considered particularly important in collaborative governance arrangements, which are of growing relevance for delivering public services. This study, anchored in notions of digital accountability, analyzes debate in a social media forum about a collaborative governance initiative implemented during a crisis. The empirical case is the Austrian contact tracing app, a digital innovation considered key in managing the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study makes several contributions. First, it is one of the first to focus on the crucial role of debate in digital accountability in collaborative governance. Second, the study shows that the debate extends beyond the mere content of the innovation, highlighting the need to consider the ‘ecology’ of other (digital) tools, measures, and policies for crisis mitigation in parallel. Third, the study sheds light on the temporal dynamics of accountability in crisis response. The study contributes conceptually to an enhanced understanding of the expertise of actors in delivering and receiving digital public services. It also contributes to a management perspective of digital accountability, which is important given the potential implications for (non)acceptance of public sector innovations in crises and beyond. An enhanced understanding is possibly even more crucial for innovations requiring citizen co‐production in sensitive areas such as health.
Diffusion weighted MRI and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio non‐invasively predict infection in pancreatic necrosis: a pilot study
Authors: Sandhyav Rommel , Mohapatra Nihar , Agrawal Nikhil , Patidar Yashwant , Arora Asit , Chattopadhyay Tushar Kanti
Published: November 2024

Background

Infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is a major determinant of mortality in acute pancreatitis (AP). Non‐invasive diagnosis of IPN could guide the intervention in AP. We aimed to investigate the role of non‐invasive methods like diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) and clinico‐laboratory parameters as predictors of IPN.

Methods

Prospective evaluation for predictors of IPN by diffusion restriction (DR) on DW‐MRI and clinico‐laboratory parameters was performed.

Results

Out of 39 patients included, 31 were analysed after exclusion. Twenty‐six (83.8%) patients had moderately severe AP, and the rest had severe disease. They were categorized into Group A: patients with documented infection after intervention (n = 17) and Group B: successfully managed without intervention or negative culture after intervention (n = 14). On univariate analysis, Group A had significantly more incidence of fever (P = 0.020), persistent unwellness (P = 0.003), elevated neutrophil count (P = 0.007), lymphocyte count (P = 0.007), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P = 0.028), DR on DW‐MRI (P = 0.001) and low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (P = 0.086). Multivariate analysis revealed DR on DW‐MRI (P = 0.004) and NLR (P = 0.035) as significant predictors of IPN, among other factors. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of DW‐MRI were 94.1%, 78.6%, 91.66%, and 84.21%, respectively. The area under curve of NLR on the ROC plot was 0.85 and the best cutoff was >3.5, with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 70.6%, 78.6%, 80%, and 68.7% respectively.

Conclusion

DW‐MRI and NLR are promising non‐invasive tools for accurate prediction of IPN and hence can guide the need for intervention in acute pancreatitis.
Iran as Subaltern Empire: Lake Orumiyeh, Environmental Injustice, and Coloniality in Iranian Azerbaijan
Authors: Ranjbar A. Marie
Published: November 2024

In recent years, protests have emerged to save Lake Orumiyeh, which has nearly vanished following decades of agricultural development, dam building, and drought. Lake Orumiyeh is located in Iranian Azerbaijan, which sits at the intersection of three former empires: Persian, Ottoman, and Russian. Iranian Azerbaijan is largely comprised of ethno‐linguistic minority communities that are unevenly impacted by environmental hazards stemming from the lake's desiccation, and protests to save the lake are generally characterised as environmental conflict resulting from climate change or as a reflection of ethno‐nationalist tensions in Iran. These readings, however, fail to account for how imperial pasts and colonial presents shape exposure to environmental violence. This article posits that environmental violence functions as a form of coloniality and, using Lake Orumiyeh as an entry point, aims to: (i) examine coloniality in a country that was never formally colonised yet impacted by different formations of empire; (ii) account for subjectivities shaped through non‐Western European forms of imperialism; and (iii) connect racialised difference in Iran to the reproduction of colonial and racial logics vis‐à‐vis European imperialism.
Non‐Status Citizenship and the Paradoxes of Immigration Regimes in a Sanctuary City
Authors: Gilbert Liette , Sotomayor Luisa
Published: November 2024

Non‐status people face a socio‐legal precariousness that contradicts the promises of an inclusive city. Marking Toronto's tenth anniversary of its “sanctuary city” policy, our research assesses the progress and potential of social planning and municipalist agendas to support irregularised residents. Drawing from interviews with service providers, city officials, and non‐status citizens in Toronto, we propose a decolonial politics of urban citizenship recognition we call “non‐status citizenship”. This concept addresses specific paradoxes related to irregularisation, access, jurisdiction, and regularisation. By framing our discussion around these paradoxes, we highlight the discomfort and transformative potential of non‐status citizenship for immigration regimes in sanctuary cities. We argue that recognising non‐status citizenship goes beyond notions of urban citizenship to claim formal recognition and security, which resolves the four paradoxes theoretically, politically, and practically. We also emphasise the role of cities in expanding service delivery and calling out the failure of planning across levels of government.
Association of clonal haematopoiesis with recurrent venous thromboembolism: A case–control study
Authors: Englisch Cornelia , Vostatek Rafaela , Schramm Theresa , Binder Christoph J. , Pabinger Ingrid , Jäger Roland , Ay Cihan
Published: November 2024

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease. Clonal haematopoiesis (CH) is linked to cardiovascular disease risk, but its potential association with VTE remains poorly understood. We assessed the prevalence of CH in patients with recurrent VTE (n = 107; median age [IQR] 57 [48–63] years, 44.9% female) and matched healthy controls (n = 127; median age [IQR] 53 [45–60] years, 51.2% female) to investigate a putative association of CH with VTE risk. We detected 12 CH‐associated mutations in 11 (10.3%) VTE cases and six mutations in 5 (3.9%) controls. Thus, patients with recurrent VTE tended to have higher odds of presenting with CH compared to controls (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 0.95–9.16). Moreover, the odds of detecting CH were significantly higher in VTE cases in the subgroup of individuals without thrombophilia (OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.48–15.99). VTE cases with CH showed elevated platelet counts compared to cases and controls without CH (median [IQR]: 292 [254–298], 223 [198–260] and 220 [185–259] × 109/L; both p < 0.01). Fibrinogen, sP‐selectin, D‐dimer and hsCRP levels did not differ according to CH status. Overall, we identified a trend for an association between CH and recurrent VTE, particularly in individuals without underlying thrombophilia, warranting further research in this patient group.
Detecting, Interpreting and Modifying the Heterogeneous Causal Network in Multi‐Source Event Sequences
Authors: Xu Shaobin , Sun Minghui
Published: November 2024

Uncovering causal relations from event sequences to guide decision‐making has become an essential task across various domains. Unfortunately, this task remains a challenge because real‐world event sequences are usually collected from multiple sources. Most existing works are specifically designed for homogeneous causal analysis between events from a single source, without considering cross‐source causality. In this work, we propose a heterogeneous causal analysis algorithm to detect the heterogeneous causal network between high‐level events in multi‐source event sequences while preserving the causal semantic relationships between diverse data sources. Additionally, the flexibility of our algorithm allows to incorporate high‐level event similarity into learning model and provides a fuzzy modification mechanism. Based on the algorithm, we further propose a visual analytics framework that supports interpreting the causal network at three granularities and offers a multi‐granularity modification mechanism to incorporate user feedback efficiently. We evaluate the accuracy of our algorithm through an experimental study, illustrate the usefulness of our system through a case study, and demonstrate the efficiency of our modification mechanisms through a user study.
How does parental diet affect offspring locomotor capacity in the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris?
Authors: Kwon Woomin , Lee Kwang Pum
Published: November 2024

Parental environments have profound consequences for offspring fitness through transgenerational transmission of resources and epigenetic factors. Locomotor activity is a functional trait of considerable ecological importance, as it determines the ability of animals to find food and mates and to disperse to more favourable environments. Although there have been studies demonstrating that animals can plastically increase their locomotor capacity in response to nutritionally stressful environments, it remains largely unexplored whether and how parental diet can adjust offspring locomotor capacity and its related traits. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the parental intake of a nutritionally suboptimal diet would induce hyperactivity in the offspring and that this transgenerational effect could lead to improved offspring performance in an insect herbivore, the bean bug (Riptortus pedestris Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae). We compared the locomotor activity, metabolic phenotype and performance traits of two groups of R. pedestris nymphs born to parents raised on soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr, Fabaceae; standard diet] or peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae; high‐fat diet). Despite being smaller at birth, the offspring of peanut‐fed parents moved faster and more frequently than those of soybean‐fed parents during their early development. The newly hatched offspring born to peanut‐fed parents had higher relative energy reserves in somatic tissues than those born to soybean‐fed parents, indicating that differential parental provisioning could underpin this parental effect on offspring locomotor activity. Possibly through increased foraging activity, the hyperactive offspring of peanut‐fed parents grew faster into heavier adults than the offspring of soybean‐fed parents, implying that parentally induced increase in offspring locomotor activity is adaptive. This study provides experimental evidence for diet‐mediated transgenerational plasticity of locomotor activity in invertebrates and sheds novel insights into the role of parental diet history in shaping offspring phenotype.
New crop, new pest, old ants: Crop colonisation by native ants disrupt biological control of an invasive mealybug in Mediterranean persimmon
Authors: Plata Ángel , Gómez‐Martínez María A. , Beitia Francisco J. , Tena Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Crop expansion is generally followed by an increase of herbivores. Some of these herbivore species can be favoured by mutualisms with ants that can also colonise introduced crops. Here, we hypothesized that the invasive mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus has established mutualistic relationships with native or exotic ants in Mediterranean persimmon crop. This relationship could negatively impact mealybug natural enemies and facilitate the colonisation of this new crop by the mealybug.

To test this hypothesis, we sampled 17 persimmon orchards from the main producing area of the Mediterranean basin across two consecutive years and three different seasons. We identified the ant complex attending Ps. longispinus, calculated the ant attendance ratios and assessed the density dependence between tending ants and Ps. longispinus at mealybug colony level. Finally, we evaluated the effect of ants on the density of Ps. longispinus and its natural enemies at tree level.

Fifteen ant species were found foraging in persimmon trees, out of which 11 attended Ps. longispinus colonies. The Mediterranean native species Lasius grandis, Pheidole pallidula and Plagiolepis spp. were the most abundant ant species in the canopies, and La. grandis was the most abundant species attending Ps. longispinus. This ant tended to attend large colonies of the mealybug in spring and summer.

Pseudococcus longispinus density was positively correlated with ant activity in persimmon trees, which can be partially explained by the negative effect of ants on the mealybug parasitism and the density of potential predators.

This study suggests that the density and damage caused by Ps. longispinus in Mediterranean persimmon are exacerbated by the attendance of native ants that disrupt mealybug biological control. Our results reinforce the hypothesis that ant attendance is a driving factor determining the density of honeydew‐producing herbivores and highlight that native ant species may facilitate the establishment and spread of exotic honeydew‐producing pests in new crops.
Evolucollateral dynamics in stroke: Evolutionary pathophysiology, remodelling and emerging therapeutic strategies
Authors: Sinha Akansha , Gupta Muskaan , Bhaskar Sonu M. M.
Published: November 2024

Leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) are crucial in mitigating the impact of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by providing alternate blood flow routes when primary arteries are obstructed. This article explores the evolutionary pathophysiology of LMCs, highlighting their critical function in stroke and the genetic and molecular mechanisms governing their development and remodelling. We address the translational challenges of applying animal model findings to human clinical scenarios, emphasizing the need for further research to validate emerging therapies—such as pharmacological agents, gene therapy and mechanical interventions—in clinical settings, aimed at enhancing collateral perfusion. Computational modelling emerges as a promising method for integrating experimental data, which requires precise parameterization and empirical validation. We introduce the ‘Evolucollateral Dynamics’ hypothesis, proposing a novel framework that incorporates evolutionary biology principles into therapeutic strategies, offering new perspectives on enhancing collateral circulation. This hypothesis emphasizes the role of genetic predispositions and environmental influences on collateral circulation, which may impact therapeutic strategies and optimize treatment outcomes. Future research must incorporate human clinical data to create robust treatment protocols, thereby maximizing the therapeutic potential of LMCs and improving outcomes for stroke patients.
Central amygdala‐to‐pre‐Bötzinger complex neurotransmission is direct and inhibitory
Authors: Gu Jeffrey , Sugimura Yae K. , Kato Fusao , Del Negro Christopher A.
Published: November 2024

Breathing behaviour is subject to emotional regulation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a direct relationship between the central amygdala, a major output hub of the limbic system associated with emotional brain function, and the brainstem pre‐Bötzinger complex, which generates the fundamental rhythm and pattern for breathing. The connection between these two sites is monosynaptic and inhibitory, involving GABAergic central amygdala neurons whose axonal projections act predominantly via ionotropic GABAA receptors to produce inhibitory postsynaptic currents in pre‐Bötzinger neurons. This pathway may provide a mechanism to inhibit breathing in the context of freezing to assess threats and plan defensive action. The existence of this pathway may further explain how epileptic seizures invading the amygdala cause long‐lasting apnea, which can be fatal. Although their ultimate importance awaits further behavioural tests, these results elucidate a link between emotional brain function and breathing, which underlies survival‐related behaviour in mammals and pertains to human anxiety disorders.
Midline sacral meningeal cysts: Neurophysiology abnormalities and their correlation with pelvic sensory and visceral symptoms
Authors: Cabrilo Ivan , Hentzen Claire , Malladi Prasad , Simeoni Sara , Amarenco Gérard , Zaidman Nathalie , Pakzad Mahreen , Shah Sachit , Casey Adrian T. , Panicker Jalesh N.
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Midline sacral meningeal cysts (MSMCs) are cerebrospinal fluid‐filled dural diverticula. Although widely considered asymptomatic, cases involving voiding difficulties or pain have been reported. The aims of this study were, firstly, to describe the clinical presentation of patients with symptomatic MSMCs, secondly, to assess the impact of the cyst on nerve root function, and, thirdly, to assess whether nerve root injury is more frequent in patients with MSMCs than those with Tarlov cysts (TCs).

Methods

Consecutive patients with MSMCs presenting with at least one pelvic symptom participated in a cross‐sectional review of symptoms using validated questionnaires. Findings of pelvic neurophysiology (pudendal sensory evoked potentials, sacral dermatomal sensory evoked potentials, external anal sphincter electromyography) and urodynamic testing were collected retrospectively. The relationship between neurophysiology, magnetic resonance imaging findings and patients' symptoms were assessed using Fisher's and analysis of variance tests. Neurophysiology findings were compared with those of TC patients.

Results

Eleven female patients were included (mean age 42.3 ± 12.4 years). All reported urinary symptoms. Back pain (91%), radicular leg pain (91%), bowel symptoms (45%) and sexual dysfunction (75%) were also frequently reported. Nine patients (82%) had abnormal findings on neurophysiology; three patients (27%) had one abnormal test, and six (55%) had two abnormal tests. Patients with MSMCs were more likely to have at least two abnormal neurophysiology test results compared to TC patients (55% vs. 18%, respectively; p = 0.018).

Conclusion

Our results indicate that MSMCs are indeed associated with injury to the sacral somatic innervation when symptomatic. MSMCs are more likely to cause sacral nerve root damage compared to TCs.
Contact Risk Assessment in Dynamic Indoor Settings through Agent‐Based Modeling: A Spatially Explicit and Reproducible Approach
Authors: Choi Moongi , Seo Jiwoo , Hohl Alexander
Published: November 2024

This study introduces an agent‐based model (ABM) pedestrian simulation tool to assess the risk of close contact (6 feet) in dynamic indoor environments, specifically in urban settings with diverse social activities and spatial structures. Our approach uses machine learning‐based sensitivity analysis (SA) to identify factors impacting the number of individual contacts, such as individual stay time and area. In addition, we conducted an in‐depth quantitative analysis to evaluate how specific factors, such as the strategic placement of obstacles, dwell time, and stay time near the entrances, mitigate the number of contacts. This analysis provides valuable insights for developing practical guidelines to curb contact risks in indoor environments. Lastly, we share the model, validation methods, and associated data as an open‐source Python library, complete with comprehensive documentation. This aims at fostering collaborative research and enables the application of our model across various scenarios, contributing to the development of spatially explicit models. Such efforts enhance the understanding of contact risks in urban indoor settings and promote joint research efforts, thus advancing the field through shared knowledge and tools.
Acoustic detection rate can outperform traditional survey approaches in estimating relative densities of breeding waders
Authors: Jarrett David , Willis Stephen G.
Published: November 2024

Passive acoustic devices are increasingly being used to monitor biodiversity. However, few studies have compared the accuracy of acoustic surveys and traditional surveys against ground‐truthed data. Here, we assess whether acoustic recorders used in conjunction with an artificial intelligence (AI) classifier can predict the relative breeding density of four wader species better than traditional fieldworker transect surveys. In a 27‐km2 upland study site, acoustic data were collected at 83 sampling points and analysed using the BirdNet bird‐sound classifier to estimate vocal detection rate at each location; we also carried out concurrent transect bird surveys. To ground‐truth these approaches, intensive field surveys were undertaken to identify each breeding territory of our focal species. With both the acoustic dataset and the transect dataset, we used similar analytical approaches (random forest regression trees) to predict relative territory density across the study site, and then compared these predictions with the territory density obtained from the intensive field surveys. The classifier performed well at identifying the presence of target species' vocalizations within 3‐s periods for Lapwing (accuracy = 0.911), Curlew (0.826) and Oystercatcher (0.841), but less well for Golden Plover (0.699). For Curlew and Oystercatcher, the predictions obtained from the acoustic approach were a better fit to actual territory density than the transect approach. In contrast, for Lapwing and Golden Plover, the transect predictions outperformed the acoustic predictions, with the acoustic model particularly poor for Golden Plover. We attributed these differences to the performance of the classifier, species' ecology and vocal behaviour. Data gathering for the acoustic approach was more time‐efficient than the transect surveys, requiring less than a quarter of the fieldworker days. We conclude that there is high potential for acoustic approaches to augment traditional methods, although species' ecological characteristics should be considered: species that vocalize more frequently, at higher amplitudes and hold larger territories will be better‐suited to sampling‐based acoustic methods.
Teamworking in Dentistry: The Importance for Dentists, Dental Hygienists and Dental Therapists to Work Effectively Together—A Narrative Review
Authors: Preshaw Philip M. , Minnery Helen , Dunn Ian , Bissett Susan M.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To consider teamworking in dentistry, focusing especially on the role of dental hygienists (DHs) and dental therapists (DTs) as part of the dental team.

Methods

A narrative review of studies that have investigated teamworking in periodontology and dentistry in general together with consideration of examples of relevant regulatory and governmental policy documents.

Results

The inclusion of DHs and DTs as key members of the dental team yields significant patient benefits in terms of access to care (particularly among under‐served populations), efficient and effective treatment and improved healthcare outcomes for patients. However, barriers can exist to full implementation of effective working in dental teams, including both systemic and regulatory barriers, as well as attitudinal barriers. Furthermore, DHs and DTs are not always working to their full scope of practice, thereby limiting the care that these team members can provide. Mutual respect between dental team members, high‐quality communication and a common ethos and shared clinical standards are all essential for effective teamworking. DHs and DTs have a clear role to play in achieving sustainable improvements in oral and dental health for patient populations globally.

Conclusion

Full and effective integration of DHs and DTs into healthcare teams will benefit not only the dental team, but also healthcare systems and patient populations, via more effective teamworking, improved access to care and enhanced treatment outcomes.
Nurses Innovative Behaviour in the Context of Authentic Leadership: A Scoping Review
Authors: Almutairi Mariam , Timmins Fiona , Yoder‐Wise Patricia , Stokes Diarmuid , Alharbi Talal Ali F.
Published: November 2024

Aim

This scoping review aims to explore the existing research on the impact of authentic leadership on nurses' innovative behaviours.

Data Sources

The following databases were searched (from 2013 to 2023): PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, APA Psych Info, Educational Resources Information Centre, and ABI Inform.

Review Methods

Search results were exported into Covidence software to assist with the selection and assessment of retrieved studies. Studies were included that specifically examined the relationship between authentic leadership and innovative behaviour among nurses working in healthcare settings.

Results

12 papers remained for full‐text review after title and abstract screening. Four studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. Using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool two reviewers independently evaluated these four studies. Findings revealed that authentic leadership affects nurses' innovation and creativity in various healthcare settings and cultural contexts. It also highlighted mediating factors such as increased engagement and knowledge sharing. Resilience and technological infrastructure were identified as additional factors that affect and support this relationship and influence the development and enaction of innovative behaviours.

Conclusions

Authentic leadership was found to contribute to innovative nursing behaviours that have important implications for the best practices in healthcare and outcomes.

Impact

Innovative behaviour among nurses is essential for rising to the challenges of complex healthcare environmental challenges, and the potential for authentic leadership to act as a catalyst for this is important. Future research needs to further explore the impact of authentic leadership on innovative behaviour and the contextual and cultural influences that effect this. More research is also needed on the exact nature of nurses' innovations and their potential use in healthcare.

Reporting Method

The EQUATOR guidelines for PRISMA have been met.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.