bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Experiment and Numerical Simulation on Thermal Effect of Aerogel Material for Steel Ladle Insulation Layer
Authors: Zhang Limin , Zhu Liguang , Zhang Caijun , Wang Zhiqiang , Xiao Pengcheng , Liu Zenxun
Published: October 2021

The selection of lining material for a steel ladle is important to heat preservation of molten steel. Aerogel insulation materials have very low thermal conductivity, however, they are rarely used in steel ladles. In this paper, the application of a new silica aerogel material on the steel ladle insulation layer is tested, and a new calculation method is designed to study its insulation effect. In other words, the ladle wall temperature is obtained by finite element model (FEM) and experiments, then the heat emission from the ladle wall is calculated by the Boltzmann mathematical model according to the ladle wall temperature, and the temperature loss of molten steel is calculated inversely according to the heat emission of ladle wall. Compared with the original steel ladle (comparison ladle), the application effect is analyzed. Due to the stable heat storage of the ladle wall after refining, the validity of the models are verified in ladle furnace (LF) process. The results show that the new calculation method is feasible, and the relevant parameter settings in the FEM and Boltzmann mathematical model are correct. Finally, after using the new aerogel insulation material, the temperature of molten steel is reduced by 16.67 °C, and the production cost is reduced by CNY 5.15/ton of steel.
CRAFT—A Proposed Framework for Decentralized Clinical Trials Participation in Canada
Authors: Sundquist Stephen , Batist Gerald , Brodeur-Robb Kathy , Dyck Kathryn , Eigl Bernhard J. , Lee David K. , Limoges Jaqueline , Longstaff Holly , Pankovich Jim , Sadura Anna , Sullivan Patrick , Dancey Janet E.
Published: October 2021

Canada’s vast geography, and centralized delivery of cancer care and clinical trials create barriers for trial participation for patients in remote and rural settings. The development and implementation of a framework that enables safe and regulatory compliant trial participation through local healthcare providers would benefit Canadian patients, clinicians, trial sponsors and the health care system. To address this issue, representatives of Canada’s cancer clinical trial community met to identify key challenges and develop recommendations for remote patient participation in trials. A structured literature review identified remote/rural trial delivery models. A panel of expert stakeholders reviewed the models and participated in a workshop to assess health system readiness, identify needed processes, tools and mechanisms, and develop recommendations for a Canadian framework for decentralized clinical trial conduct. The Canadian Remote Access Framework for clinical Trials (CRAFT) represents a risk-based approach used by site investigators to delegate responsibilities for a given trial to satellite health centres within a hub-and-spoke “trial cluster”. The Framework includes specific recommendations to ensure research experience, capacity, regulatory compliance and patient safety. Canada’s cancer care and telemedicine systems can be leveraged to enable broader access to clinical trials for patients who are geographically remote from cancer centres. CRAFT’s risk-based framework is based on other successful models of remote trial patient management and is in the pilot implementation phase in Canada.
Prognostic Factors Influencing Survival and a Treatment Pattern Analysis of Conventional Palliative Radiotherapy for Patients with Bone Metastases
Authors: Ignat Patricia , Todor Nicolae , Ignat Radu-Mihai , Șuteu Ofelia
Published: October 2021

Background: Treatment indication for bone metastases is influenced by patient prognosis. Single-fraction radiotherapy (SFRT) was proven equally effective as multiple fractionation regimens (MFRT) but continues to be underused. Objective: Primary objectives: (a) to identify prognostic factors for overall survival and (b) to analyze treatment patterns of palliative radiotherapy (proportion of SFRT indication and predictive factors of radiotherapy regimen) for bone metastases. Methods: 582 patients with bone metastases who underwent conventional radiotherapy between January 1st 2014–31 December 2017 were analyzed. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify predictors of overall survival. For the treatment pattern analysis, 677 radiotherapy courses were evaluated. The logistic regression model was used to identify potential predictors of radiotherapy regimen. Results: The 3-year overall survival was 15%. Prognostic factors associated with poor overall survival were multiple bone metastases [hazard ratio (HR = 5.4)], poor performance status (HR = 1.5) and brain metastases (HR = 1.37). SFRT prescription increased from 41% in 2017 to 51% in 2017. Predictors of SFRT prescription were a poor performance status [odds ratio (OR = 0.55)], lung (OR = 0.49) and urologic primaries (OR = 0.33) and the half-body lower site of irradiation (OR = 0.59). Spinal metastases were more likely to receive MFRT (OR = 2.09). Conclusions: Based on the prognostic factors we identified, a selection protocol for patients candidates for palliative radiotherapy to bone metastases could be established, in order to further increase SFRT prescription in our institution.
A Quantum Dual-Signature Protocol Based on SNOP States without Trusted Participant
Authors: Zhang Kejia , Zhao Xu , Zhang Long , Tian Guojing , Song Tingting
Published: October 2021

Quantum dual-signature means that two signed quantum messages are combined and expected to be sent to two different recipients. A quantum signature requires the cooperation of two verifiers to complete the whole verification process. As an important quantum signature aspect, the trusted third party is introduced to the current protocols, which affects the practicability of the quantum signature protocols. In this paper, we propose a quantum dual-signature protocol without arbitrator and entanglement for the first time. In the proposed protocol, two independent verifiers are introduced, here they may be dishonest but not collaborate. Furthermore, strongly nonlocal orthogonal product states are used to preserve the protocol security, i.e., no one can deny or forge a valid signature, even though some of them conspired. Compared with existing quantum signature protocols, this protocol does not require a trusted third party and entanglement resources.
Language Guerrillas: Signing Multilingualism into Action
Authors: Häusler Angela H.
Published: October 2021

This article opens an analytical window into the creation of multilingual guerrilla translations by participants in a preservice language teacher program at a public university in the United States. As an intervention responding to the prevalence of English monolingual signage on this highly diverse university campus, the college students invited a public audience into a joint critical interrogation of implicit institutional language policies, as their signage offered a necessarily incomplete and intentionally makeshift alternative to the official English displays. Inspired by the three-phase model of critical pedagogy, this grassroots endeavor embraced Freire’s notion of transformative praxis defined by the symbiotic relation of action and reflection. A closer examination of the scaffolding, which guided the planning and implementation, lends insight into activity design with the potential to nurture an activist aptitude among students. Comments from participants suggest that the conceptual stepping stones towards students’ collective critical engagement had a positive influence on their perception of language (teacher) advocacy and activism.
Implementation of a Photovoltaic Inverter with Modified Automatic Voltage Regulator Control Designed to Mitigate Momentary Voltage Dip
Authors: Piccini Anderson Rodrigo , Guimarães Geraldo Caixeta , Souza Arthur Costa de , Denardi Ana Maria
Published: October 2021

The main objective of this research is to propose an active and reactive power injection control in order to mitigate voltage sags. The proposed control strategy works in conjunction with a modified version of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR), where it will act on the active and reactive powers injected by the inverter to reduce the effects of voltage sags. In this way, the control will avoid possible shutdowns and damage to the equipment connected to the grid. The voltage improvement can be perceived for consumers connected to the power system. Modifications in AVR model and parameters are performed to speed up its performance, thus identifying the short-duration voltage variations (SDVV) and, consequently, the control acts to alter the powers, decreasing the active power injection and increasing the reactive power based on inverter capacity during the momentary voltage dip (MVD). Finally, when the fault is cleared, all values return to the pre-fault condition, so that the inverter only operates with active power. A 75 kW three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPVS) equipped with the proposed control was inserted in a distribution grid of the city of Palmas, state of Tocantins, Brazil, and all of the computer simulations were performed on the Matlab/Simulink®.
Model Predictive Control of Internal Combustion Engines: A Review and Future Directions
Authors: Norouzi Armin , Heidarifar Hamed , Shahbakhti Mahdi , Koch Charles Robert , Borhan Hoseinali
Published: October 2021

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a highly nonlinear dynamic and complex engineering system whose operation is constrained by operational limits, including emissions, noise, peak in-cylinder pressure, combustion stability, and actuator constraints. To optimize today’s ICEs, seven to ten control actuators and 10–20 feedback sensors are often used, depending on the engine applications and target emission regulations. This requires extensive engine experimentation to calibrate the engine control module (ECM), which is both cumbersome and costly. Despite these efforts, optimal operation, particularly during engine transients and to meet real driving emission (RDE) targets for broad engine speed and load conditions, has still not been obtained. Methods of model predictive control (MPC) have shown promising results for real-time multi-objective optimal control of constrained multi-variable nonlinear systems, including ICEs. This paper reviews the application of MPC for ICEs and analyzes the recent developments in MPC that can be utilized in ECMs. ICE control and calibration can be enhanced by taking advantage of the recent developments in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in applying Machine Learning (ML) to large-scale engine data. Recent developments in the field of ML-MPC are investigated, and promising methods for ICE control applications are identified in this paper.
Striving for Enterprise Sustainability through Supplier Development Process
Authors: Hąbek Patrycja , Lavios Juan J.
Published: October 2021

Much research has already been dedicated to the impact of the supply chain, but less attention has been paid to the potential of supplier development (SD) processes in strengthening enterprises’ sustainability performance. This study aimed to indicate how the approach to socially responsible supplier development has changed over the years (2010–2019) in the automotive sector considering the types of practices and the applied areas of social responsibility. The study was based on original and empirical content analysis research of sustainability reports of car producers. To identify changes in the approach to socially responsible supplier development (SRSD) practices, 17 criteria were identified within direct as well as indirect types of supplier development practices. Considering areas of social responsibility, we applied the core subjects of social responsibility based on the ISO 26000 standard. The findings revealed that during the analyzed period, there has been a recursive use of both direct and indirect SD practices by the car producers but to varying degrees. The environmental protection, human rights, labor practices, fair operating practices, and organizational governance issues were the major concerns. When comparing 2010 and 2019, a clear increase was observed within all identified SRSD initiatives. The study outputs and examples of SRSD practices of car producers can act as a role model for automotive suppliers as well as other industries regarding how to incorporate sustainability into supplier development processes.
Study of Operation of the Thermoelectric Generators Dedicated to Wood-Fired Stoves
Authors: Sornek Krzysztof
Published: October 2021

Thermoelectric generators are devices that harvest waste heat and convert it into useful power. They are considered as an additional power source in the domestic sector, but they can also be installed in off-grid objects. In addition, they are a promising solution for regions where there is a lack of electricity. Since biomass heating and cooking stoves are widely used, it is very appropriate to integrate thermoelectric generators with wood-fired stoves. This paper shows the experimental analysis of a micro-cogeneration system equipped with a wood-fired stove and two prototypical constructions of thermoelectric generators dedicated to mounting on the flue gas channel. The first version was equipped with one basic thermoelectric module and used to test various cooling methods, while the second construction integrated four basic thermoelectric modules and a water-cooling system. During the tests conducted, the electricity generated in the thermoelectric generators was measured by the electronic load, which allowed the simulation of various operating conditions. The results obtained confirm the possibility of using thermoelectric generators to generate power from waste heat resulting from the wood-fired stove. The maximum power obtained during the discussed combustion process was 15.4 W (if this value occurred during the entire main phase, the energy generated would be at a level of approximately 30 Wh), while the heat transferred to the water was ca. 750 Wh. Furthermore, two specially introduced factors (CPC and CPTC) allowed the comparison of developed generators, and the conclusion was drawn that both developed constructions were characterized by higher CPC values compared to available units in the market. By introducing thermoelectric modules characterized by higher performance, a higher amount of electricity generated may be provided, and sufficient levels of current and voltage may be achieved.
Influence of Cavitation in Common-Rail Diesel Nozzles on the Soot Formation Process through Measuring Soot Emissions
Authors: López José Javier , de la Garza Oscar A. , De la Morena Joaquín , Martínez-Martínez Simón
Published: October 2021

The influence of cavitation in common-rail diesel nozzles on the soot formation process has been analysed experimentally. The soot formation process was characterized by measuring soot emissions in a single-cylinder engine, which was mounted on a test bench equipped with an opacimeter. In order to do this, operating conditions where the soot oxidation process was equivalent were chosen, whereby differences in the soot formation process were possible to be analysed. The results achieved confirm that cavitation provokes a soot formation process reduction. This reduction can be attributed by combining results of three effects: a reduction of the effective diameter, an increase in effective injection velocity, and an increase in turbulence level inside the nozzle orifice leading to a longer lift-off length. The three effects lead to a decrease in relative fuel/air ratio at the lift-off, therefore explaining the soot formation reduction.
Social Responsibility of Economic Units and the Well-Being of Society in the Tourism Sector: Example of Accommodation Facility
Authors: Wojciechowska-Solis Julia , Kobyłka Agata , Gawryluk Adam
Published: October 2021

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) assumes that companies should justify their existence with services for various stakeholders and not with profit alone. There is a strong emphasis on the implications of CSR for managing human resources in hotels and other accommodation services, supporting local communities, and promoting environmental sustainability. This article aims to present the adjustment of business entities providing accommodation services in Poland to the CSR principles. Two aspects were examined: the environmental aspect, i.e., waste segregation and the use of economic energy receivers, while the social aspect included engaging employees, as well as investing in improving their qualifications towards pro-ecological awareness. The study was conducted on a sample of 207 owners and managers of economic entities in the accommodation sector in Poland. The Statistica software was used to analyze the obtained results, including Chi2 statistics and correspondence analysis. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the employees of accommodation centers usually deal with the final segregation of waste because they believe that tourists do not follow the rules of proper segregation. Most hotels are equipped with bins for all fractions of waste. The affiliation of a center to a specific macroregion in Poland was not statistically significant in terms of waste segregation practices. Only in the southern macroregion of Poland, ordinary light bulbs are used in accommodation establishments, which account for 0.97% of the surveyed population. In other regions, ¾ establishments use energy-saving receivers in all rooms. Only 1/3 of the facilities invested in developing their staff by organizing training courses toward sustainable development. The most popular subjects were topics related to waste segregation, energy and water saving, and environmental protection.
The Momentum Conserving Scheme for Two-Layer Shallow Flows
Authors: Swastika Putu Veri , Pudjaprasetya Sri Redjeki
Published: October 2021

This paper confronts the numerical simulation of steady flows of fluid layers through channels of varying bed and width. The fluid consists of two immiscible fluid layers with constant density, and it is assumed to be of a one-dimensional shallow flow. The governing equation is a coupled system of two-layer shallow water models. In this paper, we apply a direct extension of the momentum conserving scheme previously used for solving the one layer shallow water equations. Computations of various steady-state solutions are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed numerical scheme. Under the influence of a given flow rate, the numerical steady interface is generated in a channel topography with a hump. The results obtained confirm the analytic steady interface of the two-layer rigid-lid model. Furthermore, the same scheme was used with an additional artificial damping to simulate the maximal exchange flow in channels of varying width. The numerical steady interface agreed well with the analytical steady solutions.
COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis (CAM): An Updated Evidence Mapping
Authors: Hussain Salman , Baxi Harveen , Riad Abanoub , Klugarová Jitka , Pokorná Andrea , Slezáková Simona , Líčeník Radim , Najmi Abul Kalam , Klugar Miloslav
Published: October 2021

Mucormycosis, a serious and rare fungal infection, has recently been reported in COVID-19 patients worldwide. This study aims to map all the emerging evidence on the COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) with a special focus on clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and patient outcomes. An extensive literature search was performed in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, and WHO COVID-19 database till 9 June 2021. The primary outcome was to summarize the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and patient outcomes of CAM. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and presented in tabular form. This evidence mapping was based on a total of 167 CAM patients with a mean age of 51 ± 14.62 years, and 56.28% of them were male. Diabetes mellitus (73.65% (n = 123)), hypertension (22.75% (n = 38)), and renal failure (10.77% (n = 18)) were the most common co-morbidities among CAM patients. The most common symptoms observed in CAM patients were facial pain, ptosis, proptosis, visual acuity, and vision loss. Survival was higher in patients who underwent both medical and surgical management (64.96%). Overall mortality among CAM patients was found to be 38.32%. In conclusion, this study found a high incidence of CAM with a high mortality rate. Optimal glycemic control and early identification of mucormycosis should be the priority to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to CAM.
Enhancing the Physical Activity Levels of Frail Older Adults with a Wearable Activity Tracker-Based Exercise Intervention: A Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Justina Y. W. , Kwan Rick Y. C. , Yin Yue-Heng , Lee Paul H. , Siu Judy Yuen-man , Bai Xue
Published: October 2021

A wearable activity tracker (WAT) incorporated with behavioral change techniques (BCTs) increases physical activity in younger adults; however, its effectiveness with frail older adults is unknown. The feasibility and preliminary effects of a WAT-based exercise intervention to increase physical activity levels in frail older adults was investigated in this pilot study involving 40 community-dwelling frail older adults. The experimental group received a 14-week WAT-based group exercise intervention and a 3-month follow-up, while the control group only received similar physical training and all BCTs. The recruitment rate was 93%, and the average attendance rate was 85.2% and 82.2% in the WAT and control groups, respectively, establishing feasibility. Adherence to wearing the WAT was 94.2% and 92% during the intervention and follow-up periods, respectively. A significant interaction effect between time and group was found in all physical assessments, possibly lasting for 3 months post-intervention. However, no significant difference between groups was observed in any daily activity level by the ActiGraph measurement. The majority of the WAT group’s ActiGraph measurements reverted to baseline levels at the 1-month follow-up. Thus, the WAT-based exercise program has potential for employment among community-dwelling frail older adults, but sustaining the effects after the intervention remains a major challenge.
Exploring Impact of Marijuana (Cannabis) Abuse on Adults Using Machine Learning
Authors: Choi Jeeyae , Chung Joohyun , Choi Jeungok
Published: October 2021

Marijuana is the most common illicit substance globally. The rate of marijuana use is increasing in young adults in the US. The current environment of legalizing marijuana use is further contributing to an increase of users. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of adults who abuse marijuana (20–49 years old) and analyze behavior and social relation variables related to depression and suicide risk using machine-learning algorithms. A total of 698 participants were identified from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health survey as marijuana dependent in the previous year. Principal Component Analysis and Chi-square were used to select features (variables) and mean imputation method was applied for missing data. Logistic regression, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbor machine-learning algorithms were used to build depression and suicide risk prediction models. The results showed unique characteristics of the group and well-performing prediction models with influential risk variables. Identified risk variables were aligned with previous studies and suggested the development of marijuana abuse prevention programs targeting 20–29 year olds with a regular depression and suicide screening. Further study is suggested for identifying specific barriers to receiving timely treatment for depression and suicide risk.
Biomonitoring of Mercury Contamination in Poland Based on Its Concentration in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Foliage
Authors: Woś Bartłomiej , Gruba Piotr , Socha Jarosław , Pietrzykowski Marcin
Published: October 2021

This work evaluates current mercury (Hg) contamination in Poland, represented by the Hg concentrations in Scots pine foliage. Samples were collected over 295 investigation plots in monitoring grids throughout Poland, from pines aged between 12 and 147 years. Analyses were conducted with consideration of bioclimatic factors and soil properties. Concentrations in the pine foliage did not exceed the values characteristic of an ecosystem unaffected by industrial pollution, ranging from 0.0032 to 0.0252 mg kg−1 dry mass. However, pine stands located in western and central Poland, and in the northwest near the Baltic Sea, exhibited higher Hg concentrations in foliage than in eastern regions. Hg content in foliage depends on the mean temperature of the driest quarter, as well as on Hg content in soils. This indicates that the periods of drought observed in recent years in Poland may affect Hg concentrations in pine foliage.
Thermomechanical Behaviour and Interface of Overmoulded Soft Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Elastomers
Authors: Le Mouellic Pierre , Charlès Sylvain , Le Cam Jean-Benoît , Boyard Nicolas , Bailleul Jean-Luc , Gaudry Thierry , Veillé Jean-Marc
Published: October 2021

The influence of melt injection temperature on the thermomechanical behaviour of soft–soft overmoulded vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers (TPV) with different elastic properties was studied. Samples with two different overmoulding temperatures were tested under uniaxial loading conditions. The full deformation and temperature fields in each TPV were determined using digital image correlation technique and infrared thermography, respectively. The maximum interface strength was found to be equal to 70N for a maximum injection temperature of 260∘C, which is consistent with the fact that high temperatures promote interdiffusion between the molten TPV and the TPV insert. The two TPV have different stiffness, leading to a significant change of the interface position along the specimens during stretching and to a significant necking in the softer material. The zone of influence of the interface in terms of stretch gradient is very different in size from one TPV to the other. In addition, thermal investigations have shown that the elasticity of the two TPV is due to both entropic and non-entropic effects, the former being the most significant at large strains.
Prediction of the Interface Shear Strength between Ultra-High-Performance Concrete and Normal Concrete Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Du Changqing , Liu Xiaofan , Liu Yinying , Tong Teng
Published: October 2021

The bond strength between ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and normal-strength concrete (NC) plays an important role in governing the composite specimens’ overall behaviors. Unfortunately, there are still no widely accepted formulas targeting UHPC–NC interfacial strength, either in their specifications or in research papers. To this end, this study constructs an experimental database, consisting of 563 and 338 specimens for splitting and slant shear tests, respectively. Moreover, an additional 35 specimens for “improved” slant shear tests were performed, which could circumvent concrete crushing and trigger interfacial debonding. Additionally, for the first time in our tests, the effect of casting sequence on UHPC–NC bond strength was identified. Based on the database, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is proposed with the following inputs: namely, the normal stress perpendicular to the interface, the interface roughness, and the compressive strengths of the UHPC and NC materials. Based on the ANN analyses, the explicit expression of UHPC–NC bond strength is proposed, which significantly lowers the prediction error. To be fully compatible with the specifications, the conventional shear-friction formula is modified. By splitting the total force into adhesion and friction forces, the modified formula additionally takes the casting sequence into account. Although sacrificing accuracy to some extent compared to the ANN model, the modified formula relies on a solid physical basis and its accuracy is enhanced significantly compared to the existing formulas in specifications or research papers.
Study on the Physical Properties of a SiNW Biosensor to the Sensitivity of DNA Detection
Authors: Yusoh Siti Noorhaniah , Yaacob Khatijah Aisha
Published: October 2021

SiNW (silicon nanowire) arrays consisting of 5- and 10-wires were fabricated by using an atomic force microscope—the local anodic oxidation (AFM-LAO) technique followed by wet chemical etching. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at various concentrations were used to etch SiNWs. The SiNWs produced were differed in dimension and surface roughness. The SiNWs were functionalized and used for the detection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) dengue (DEN-1). SiNW-based biosensors show sensitive detection of dengue DNA due to certain factors. The physical properties of SiNWs, such as the number of wires, the dimensions of wires, and surface roughness, were found to influence the sensitivity of the biosensor device. The SiNW biosensor device with 10 wires, a larger surface-to-volume ratio, and a rough surface is the most sensitive device, with a 1.93 fM limit of detection (LOD).
A Feasible Alternative to FDSOI and FinFET: Optimization of W/La2O3/Si Planar PMOS with 14 nm Gate-Length
Authors: Mah Siew Kien , Ker Pin Jern , Ahmad Ibrahim , Zainul Abidin Noor Faizah , Ali Gamel Mansur Mohammed
Published: October 2021

At the 90-nm node, the rate of transistor miniaturization slows down due to challenges in overcoming the increased leakage current (Ioff). The invention of high-k/metal gate technology at the 45-nm technology node was an enormous step forward in extending Moore’s Law. The need to satisfy performance requirements and to overcome the limitations of planar bulk transistor to scales below 22 nm led to the development of fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) and fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) technologies. The 28-nm wafer planar process is the most cost-effective, and scaling towards the sub-10 nm technology node involves the complex integration of new materials (Ge, III-V, graphene) and new device architectures. To date, planar transistors still command >50% of the transistor market and applications. This work aims to downscale a planar PMOS to a 14-nm gate length using La2O3 as the high-k dielectric material. The device was virtually fabricated and electrically characterized using SILVACO. Taguchi L9 and L27 were employed to study the process parameters’ variability and interaction effects to optimize the process parameters to achieve the required output. The results obtained from simulation using the SILVACO tool show good agreement with the nominal values of PMOS threshold voltage (Vth) of −0.289 V ± 12.7% and Ioff of less than 10−7 A/µm, as projected by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). Careful control of SiO2 formation at the Si interface and rapid annealing processing are required to achieve La2O3 thermal stability at the target equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). The effects of process variations on Vth, Ion and Ioff were investigated. The improved voltage scaling resulting from the lower Vth value is associated with the increased Ioff due to the improved drain-induced barrier lowering as the gate length decreases. The performance of the 14-nm planar bulk PMOS is comparable to the performance of the FDSOI and FinFET technologies at the same gate length. The comparisons made with ITRS, the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS), and the simulated and experimental data show good agreement and thus prove the validity of the developed model for PMOSs. Based on the results demonstrated, planar PMOSs could be a feasible alternative to FDSOI and FinFET in balancing the trade-off between performance and cost in the 14-nm process.
Evaluation of Critical Dynamic Stress and Accumulative Plastic Strain of an Unbound Granular Material Based on Cyclic Triaxial Tests
Authors: Zhang Qishu , Leng Wuming , Zhai Bin , Xu Fang , Dong Junli , Yang Qi
Published: October 2021

Critical dynamic stress (σcri) and accumulative plastic strain (εp) are primary indicators regarding the dynamic stability of unbound granular materials (UGMs). This study aims to seek an effective method to evaluate the dynamic stability of UGMs used in railway subgrades. First, the dynamic characteristics of an UGM used in railway subgrade bed construction were investigated by performing a series of large-scale cyclic triaxial tests, with the results showing that εp versus cycle number (N) curves can be categorized into stable, failure, and critical patterns. Grey relational analyses were then established, where the analyzed results demonstrated that the εp–N curve pattern and final accumulative plastic strain (εs) of the stable curves are strongly correlated with the moisture content (w), confining pressure (σ3), and dynamic deviator stress (σd). The analyzed grey relational grades distributed in a narrow range of 0.72 to 0.81, indicating that w, σ3, and σd have similar degrees of importance on determining the εp–N curve patterns and the values of εs of the UGM. Finally, a data processing method using a back-propagation (BP) neural network is introduced to analyze the test data, and an empirical approach is developed to evaluate the σcri (considering the effects of σ3 and w) and εs (considering the effects of σ3, w, and σd) of the UGM. The analyzed results illustrated that the developed method can effectively reflect the linear/non-linear relationships of σcri and εs with respect to σ3 and/or σd. The σcri approximately increases linearly with increasing σ3, and a simple empirical formula is proposed for the σcri. In addition, εs and its variation rate increase non-linearly with increasing σd but decrease non-linearly as σ3 increases.
Trichromatic Vat Dyeing of Cationized Cotton
Authors: Sutlović Ana , Glogar Martinia Ira , Čorak Ivana , Tarbuk Anita
Published: October 2021

This article deals with cationization of cotton during mercerization and its effects on trichromatic vat dyeing. If cationization is carried out during the after-treatment, regardless of cotton pretreatment, the reaction takes place on the surface and blocks cellulose groups, subsequently resulting in uneven coloration. However, when cationization is carried out with an epihalohydrin during the mercerization process, new cellulose is formed in which the cationic compound is uniformly distributed and trapped between cellulose chains, resulting in uniform coloration after the dyeing process. The reaction time for the process during mercerization is 24 h, thus a more favorable process was researched. Based on electrokinetic analysis, it was found that 5 h was sufficient for the reaction with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC). The cationization of cotton contributed to the processes of vat dyeing. The change in charge upon cationization resulted in very high adsorption of vat-dye anions, indicating that ionic bonding occurred in addition to van der Waals forces. The color depth improved by more than 10 times. It should be emphasized that the colors with higher chroma and targeted color hue, especially in trichromatic dyeing, were obtained on cationized cotton, in contrast to standard cotton fabrics. The color differences obtained under the different light sources indicate the occurrence of metamerism. Considering the color fastness to laundering, vat-dyed cationized fabrics of all colors may be used in hospitals or other environments where high hygiene and oxidative bleaching are required.
Модернізація публічно-управлінських підходів у соціальній сфері
Authors: Колосовська І.
Published: October 2021

Проаналізовано особливості і тенденції трансформаційних перетворень системи публічного управління у сфері соціального розвитку, вказано на вплив процесів децентралізації. Виокремлено актуальні проблемні аспекти функціонування соціальної сфери. Акцентовано увагу на концептуальних змінах у соціальних відносинах між органами влади і громадськістю, важливості дієвого міжсекторного партнерства у системі публічного управління соціальною сферою. Обґрунтувано ключові напрями модернізації публічно-управлінських підходів у соціальній сфері.
Конкурентна політика держави: проблеми реалізації та рекомендації щодо удосконалення
Authors: Скорик Г. , Гринчишин Ю.
Published: October 2021

Обґрунтовано суть, принципи і особливості конкурентної політики. На основі аналізу звітності Західного Міжобласного територіального відділення Антимонопольного комітету України визначено головні проблеми реалізації конкурентної політики в умовах сучасних соціально-економічних викликів. Визначено головні напрямки удосконалення конкурентної політики, спрямовані на розвиток конкуренції, демонополізацію потенційно конкурентних та монопольних ринків.
Estudo das representações de paisagem de estudantes de uma zona rural no Oeste da Bahia
Authors: Vale Denise Pereira do , Campos Leticia Zenobia de Oliveira
Published: October 2021

A partir de estudos que englobam a percepção ambiental, é possível avaliar como os indivíduos percebem o meio em que estão inseridos e, assim, possibilita identificar e pontuar as possíveis causas das degradações ambientais. O presente estudo buscou entender como estudantes de uma comunidade rural percebem o ambiente a sua volta e como fenômenos externos, influenciam na percepção. Foram realizadas oficinas de elaboração de redações e desenhos com estudantes, do sexto ao nono ano. Após análise dos dados, houve a realização de uma atividade de intervenção com as turmas. A partir dos resultados, foi possível observar que os estudantes conhecem diferentes aspectos ambientais vinculados à comunidades em que vivem e possuem uma visão naturalista da paisagem local.
A percepção ambiental dos jovens sobre a cidade de Manaus (AM)
Authors: Lacerda Junior José Cavalcante
Published: October 2021

O artigo objetiva apresentar a percepção ambiental dos jovens sobre a cidade de Manaus. Utiliza como estratégia metodológica uma entrevista semiestrutura e tece suas fundamentações teóricas no âmbito da relação pessoa-ambiente. Desse modo, os dados foram organizados a partir da Análise de Conteúdo e como resultado identificou a percepção dos jovens em torno da cidade diretamente conectada com o processo de apropriação. Tal conjuntura, demonstra que há um distanciamento e percepções de menor valência quando os jovens não se sentem integrados aos contextos, por outro lado, quando os jovens se sentem participativos a sua percepção vislumbra uma cidade a partir de uma potencialidade sustentável.
Agrotrilha na caatinga: instrumento pioneiro para o turismo rural e estratégia de Educação Ambiental
Authors: Guilhermino Magda Maria , Gomes-Ferreira Ana Beatriz , Melo-da-Cunha Silvânia , Moreira Sueli Aparecida
Published: October 2021

O agroturismo representa uma oportunidade de Educação Ambiental em áreas degradadas da Caatinga. Naquele contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade de uma trilha ecológica construída em conjunto aos agricultores familiares para demonstrar ações de recuperação do solo, utilizando estruturas de pedras e vegetativas para a recuperação do solo. Portanto, realizou-se pesquisa-ação na comunidade Trangola em Currais Novos (RN), para avaliar o potencial turístico da comunidade e a eficácia da trilha em Educação Ambiental. Concluiu-se que o agroturismo representa uma estratégia de desenvolvimento sustentável da comunidade ao viabilizar a agricultura familiar. A trilha pode assegurar renda alternativa enquanto se promove a restauração do bioma da Caatinga.
Estratégias para Educação Ambiental sobre o ecossistema manguezal na Educação Básica
Authors: Albuquerque Rita , Santos Marcos , Maia Rafaela
Published: October 2021

Os manguezais possuem diversas funções naturais de importância ecológica e socioeconômica. O ambiente escolar é ideal para ampliar a consciência e atitudes adequadas para sua utilização. Foi implementada estratégias metodológicas para Educação Ambiental, por meio da produção de materiais didático-pedagógicos, sobre o ecossistema manguezal em diferentes etapas da educação básica. Os professores apresentaram conhecimento parcialmente satisfatório e insatisfatório sobre o assunto. Já os alunos após a intervenção didática apresentaram resultados satisfatórios. Os resultados insatisfatórios dos professores e dos alunos são reflexos da ausência de materiais didáticos específicos e de cursos de formação continuada para professores.
Zoológicos e Aquários: sua importância contemporânea
Authors: Duque Fernanda Gonçalves , Ferreira Carolina Santos , Laste Vinícius José , Silva Beatriz Laura da , Campacci Mariana Serafim , Pacheco Beatriz Félix
Published: October 2021

Os aquários e zoológicos se tornaram de interesse público há centenas de anos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento sobre a percepção da população acerca da importância dos zoológicos e aquários. Foram aplicados 935 questionários por meio virtual para indivíduos aleatórios. Quanto aos resultados obtidos 67,4% dos respondentes consideram importante a existência de zoológicos e aquários e 81,6% acreditam que estes proporcionam conscientização sobre a importância da conservação das espécies. Além disso, a grande maioria dos respondentes afirma que a extinção de uma espécie afeta negativamente a sociedade (98,4%) e aponta a destruição do habitat como maior causa da extinção (65,2%).
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Educação Ambiental, democracia e pedagogia freireana: uma possível articulação no contexto da Ilha de Bubaque (Guiné-Bissau)
Authors: Moreira Loriana Guimarães Borges do Canto
Published: October 2021

A Ilha de Bubaque, assim como as demais ilhas pertencentes ao Arquipélago das Bijagós (Guiné-Bissau), contempla cotidianamente o isolamento, o esquecimento e a exposição clamorosa de suas vulnerabilidades enquanto anela por voz, dignidade e justiça social. O presente artigo parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado em andamento e objetiva, através dos dados expostos a seguir, anunciar a efetiva similitude conexa presente nos conceitos democráticos e político-pedagógicos freireanos e nos conceitos que permeiam a Educação Ambiental num enfoque emancipatório, como potenciais articuladores de reumanização da comunidade insular de Bubaque a partir de sua implementação conjunta.
Um olhar sobre a ducação Ambiental das escolas públicas de Humaitá (AM)
Authors: Branco Márcia Trigueiro Castelo , Silva Viviane Vidal da
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo conhecer as práticas pedagógicas na execução do tema transversal de educação ambiental em escolas da rede pública, nos anos finais do ensino fundamental no município de Humaitá-AM. A abordagem metodológica é qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado o questionário semiestruturado (virtual) e para análise dos dados foi aplicada a análise de conteúdo. É importante conhecer as limitações que existem na execução do tema no ambiente escolar, objetivando visualizar as possibilidades de mudança. Os resultados apontam para uma perpetuação e fragmentação do tema no ambiente escolar, o que acaba prejudicando uma compreensão mais crítica acerca da temática socioambiental.
Оптический детектор спина свободных электронов с пространственным разрешением
на основе полупроводниковых гетероструктур
Authors: Голяшов В. А. , Кустов Д. А. , Русецкий В. С.
Published: October 2021

В данной работе обсуждается возможность создания пространственно-чувствительного спиндетектора на основе гибридной структуры - полупроводниковой гетероструктуры, на поверхность
которой осажден тонкий ферромагнитный (ФМ) слой,
позволяющей регистрировать пространственное
распределение и поляризацию возникающей при инжекции в
нее поляризованных по спину электронов
катодолюминесценции (КЛ). Предлагаемый спиндетектор позволяет измерять три компоненты проекции
спина: две компоненты спина в плоскости поверхности,
используя тонкий ФМ слой в качестве спин-фильтра, и
нормальную к его поверхности компоненту, измеряя
циркулярную поляризацию КЛ.
Исследование комбинационного рассеяния света графеном с нанометровым
пространственным разрешением
Authors: Курусь Н. Н. , Милехин И. А. , Небогатикова Н. А.
Published: October 2021

Данная работа посвящена исследованию в режиме щелевого плазмона с нанометровым
пространственным разрешением КРС оптическими колебаниями пленки мультиграфена,
расположенного на подложке в виде периодического массива золотых нанодисков.
Получено усиление (Ку ~ 100) основных колебательных мод мультиграфена, наблюдаемых в
области золотых нанодисков. Известно, что колебательный спектр графена изменяется при отклонении
кристаллической структуры от идеальной. В данной работе показано, что метод усиленного зондом
комбинационного рассеяния света чувствителен к механическим напряжениям в графене. Благодаря
нанометровому пространственному разрешению записана карта КРС, визуализирующая складки в
графене, лежащем на массиве золотых нанодисков. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о
перспективности данного метода в исследовании локальных дефектов в структуре двумерных
графеноподобных материалов.
Процессы формирования упорядоченных двумерных фаз кремния (пористого
силицена) на поверхности g-Si3N3/Si(111)
Authors: Мансуров В. Г. , Галицын Ю. Г. , Малин Т. В.
Published: October 2021

В данной работе исследовались процессы формирования упорядоченных фаз кремния и
возможность синтеза силицена на графеноподобных слоях g-Si3N3 и g-AlN, которые предварительно
формировались на поверхности Si(111), по технологии предложенной нами ранее.
Генерация терагерцового излучения токами фотонного увлечения
в квантовых ямах a-Sn/Ge
Authors: Трухин В. Н. , Мустафин И. А. , Kusmartsev F. V.
Published: October 2021

В настоящей работе представлены результаты экспериментального исследования фототоков в
наноструктурах на основе квантовых ям α-Sn/Ge при их возбуждении фемтосекундными оптическими
импульсами, как непосредственно контактным методом, так и регистрацией терагерцового излучения,
индуцированного этими фототоками. Данная структура представляет интерес с точки зрения
получения нового топологического материала. Исследуемые образцы представляли собой
нанометровые слои Ge и α-Sn, синтезированные методом электронно-лучевого осаждения на
поверхность подложки кремния с верхним слоем SiO2.
Структурные и излучательные свойства упорядоченных Ge(Si) квантовых точек,
встроенных в фотонные кристаллы
Authors: Смагина Ж. В. , Зиновьев В. А. , Родякина Е. Е.
Published: October 2021

В данной работе представлены результаты по самоорганизации
пространственно-упорядоченных Ge(Si) КТ в процессе гетероэпиаксиального роста на
структурированной поверхности кремния на изоляторе (SOI) и исследованию люминесцентных
свойств упорядоченных КТ, встроенных в двумерные фотонные кристаллы (ФК). Для встраивания КТ
в ФК использовались два подхода.
Использование микросферной фотолитографии для селективного синтеза
полупроводниковых структур группы A3B5 на Si
Authors: Дворецкая Л. Н. , Можаров А. М. , Федоров В. В.
Published: October 2021

В данной работе будет продемонстрирован метод создания
подложек для селективной эпитаксии с использованием микросферной фотолитографии, позволяющей
создавать гексагональные массивы наноструктур на больших площадях. Выбирая диаметр
микросферических частиц и задавая дозу экспонирования на этапе фотолитографии по микросферам,
появляется возможность контролируемого варьирования диаметра и периода отверстий в маске.
Подобные маски могут быть использованы при синтезе различных эпитаксиальных наноструктур,
таких как нитевидные нанокристаллы, наноколонки, нанодиски и др. При этом, такой подход к
подготовке ростовых подложек позволяет не только обеспечить текстурирование пластин большой
площади, но и существенно сократить время экспонирования резиста.