bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivations and Challenges in Small Business Start-ups: A Glance at Vietnam’s Public Relations Industry
Authors: Ly-Le Tuong-Minh
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study focuses on entrepreneurship in Vietnam. It explores a founder's motivations, challenges, and growth strategies through concrete examples from public relations. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts an inductive, grounded theory approach and collects data through a series of in-depth interviews. Findings: The results of this study show that most Vietnamese public relations industry founders are reluctant to make decisions based on their needs. At first, none of them had sufficient management skills or considered managerial tasks to be the most difficult. They are also less likely to make the changes their companies need to grow. They prefer to run small businesses because moderate growth is considered more sustainable and manageable. Originality: Despite the rising importance of entrepreneurship and public relations in Vietnam, there are only a few studies on Vietnam’s public relations industry, and no previous work has explored why an entrepreneur decides to venture into public relations. Inadequate attention to the field calls for better understanding and research on this topic. Practical implications: This study expands the body of knowledge on Vietnamese entrepreneurship and provides practical implications and suggestions for businesspeople in Vietnam by providing insights into the founders’ startup and management journey. Keywords: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial motivation, business growth, SME, public relations, Vietnam
The role of melatonin in the formation of tuberculotic inflammation, forecast regarding the influence on the effectiveness of treatment in the conditions of the COVID­-19 pandemic (literature review)
Authors: Todoriko L.D. , Toderika Ya.I.
Published: December 2022

Objective — to study the role of melatonin in the formation of tuberculous inflammation and the prospects of its influence on increasing the effectiveness of treatment in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, by conducting an analysis of information from available sources of literature on the selected topic.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out for the period from December 2021 to September 2022. Access to various full-text and abstract databases was used as the main source of research.

Results and discussion. A large number of studies carried out so far prove the connection between the influence of melatonin and tuberculosis inflammation, since tuberculosis infection can be associated with seasonal changes in the immune system, and these processes are correlated and accompanied by fluctuations in the level of melatonin. Th1-type specific cellular immunity is responsible for protective immunity in tuberculosis, while the Th2-type response underlies the progressive nature of inflammation. T-lymphocytes and macrophages have been shown to have receptors for melatonin, and they are also target cells for its immunomodulatory function. Melatonin has been shown to regulate gene expression of several immu­nomodulatory cytokines, including TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β, and macrophage stem cell factor.Thus, the conducted narrowly differentiated analysis based on available literature sources allows us to predict that melatonin can stimulate the Th1 immune response in TB and may have an immunoprotective effect on the Th1-type subtype of the delayed-type immune response during the acute phase of mycobac­terial inflammation.

Conclusions. The analysis of the tuberculosis situation in Bukovina indicates a tendency towards an increase in the incidence rate in 2021 compared to 2020. The same dynamics are maintained in the first half of 2022. At the same time, no significant changes in the mortality rate were found. The above analysis of the main indicators of epidemiology indicates the sufficient importance of the problem of tuberculosis for the coming years, and therefore, the search for methods of increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of this pathology, especially under the conditions of multiple and extended drug resistance, is an important task of modern phthisiology. The analysis of the available data base accumulated to date on the role of melatonin in the pathophysiology of the formation of an inflammatory reaction in the lungs and its influence on the clinical course and effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis therapy is a promising scientific direction of research. The appointment of melatonin along with traditional methods of treatment of tuberculosis can have a positive effect on increasing the effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis therapy in patients with the pulmonary form of tuberculosis.
Diversidad taxonómica y funcional de briófitos en diferentes coberturas de un bosque seco tropical, Córdoba (Colombia).
Authors: Peñate Pacheco Liliana , Gil Novoa Joge Enrique , Carillo Fajardo Merly Yenedith
Published: December 2022

Introducción y Objetivos: Los cambios microclimáticos producto de las alteraciones en la estructura forestal inciden sobre la diversidad de organismos sensibles como los briofitos, los procesos ecológicos en los que participan y sus respuestas frente a los nuevos entornos. En este trabajo se caracterizó la brioflora y los grupos funcionales asociados a la regulación hídrica en diferentes coberturas de un bosque seco tropical: bosque de galería-BG, sistema silvopastoril-SSP y vegetación secundaria alta-VSA. 
M&M: Se establecieron nueve transectos de 0.1 ha (tres/cobertura) y en cada uno se registraron datos taxonómicos, ecológicos (sustrato epifito-cortícola, epilítico, terrestre y materia orgánica en descomposición), y funcionales (ancho del tallo, largo y ancho del filidio, filidios con bases amplectantes, hialodermis e imbricación de los filidios). 
Resultados: Se registraron 19 especies, 15 en VSA, 14 en BG y 14 en SSP. Las familias más ricas son Fissidentaceae (8 spp) y Lejeuneaceae (3 spp). El sustrato con mayor incidencia es el epífito-cortícola. Se identificaron seis grupos funcionales, diferenciados por los rasgos: largo y ancho del filidio, hialodermis e imbricación de filidios. 
Conclusiones: La riqueza y composición de briófitos no mostro diferencias significativas en las coberturas evaluadas, posiblemente por la homogenización de las condiciones ambientales, producto del historial de disturbio al que han sido sometidas, por tanto, es importante evaluar otros parámetros (cobertura) y comparar con coberturas vegetales en mejor estado de conservación. Los grupos funcionales están determinados principalmente por los rasgos del tamaño de la hoja y presentan una mayor frecuencia en las coberturas boscosas (BG y VSA).
Konut ve Konut Çevresi Memnuniyet Göstergeleri: Kaşüstü ve Yalıncak Mahalleleri Örneği, Trabzon
Authors: KARADENİZ Beyza , AYDIN TÜRK Yelda
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, Trabzon kentinde son 10 yılda gelişen konut bölgelerinden örnek alan olarak seçilen Kaşüstü ve Yalıncak mahallelerinde yaşayan hane halkı oturdukları konuttan memnuniyet düzeyleri ve konut edinimlerinde etkili olan faktörlerin neler olduğunun betimsel bir yöntemle ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, yaşam kalitesi ile konut ve çevresinden memnuniyete ilişkin literatür incelenmesi sonucunda kullanıcı memnuniyetini değerlendirmeye yönelik göstergeler dört ana başlıkta ortaya konulmuştur. Bunlar; demografik göstergeler (yaş, eğitim durumu, meslek, hane halkı büyüklüğü), konut çevresi ve konutların nitel ve nicel özellikleri (önceki konut tipi, mevcut konut tipi, konut sahipliği, konutta ikamet süresi, konutun mimari niteliği, konut büyüklüğü, oda sayısı, kentsel altyapı, mekânsal donatı) konut alanının konumu ve erişilebilirliği (konum, ulaşım/yol altyapısı, doğal çevre) ve sosyal göstergelerdir (kimlik, güvenlik, mahremiyet, sosyal ilişkiler, statü, meta). Çalışma alanı olarak belirlenen Kaşüstü ve Yalıncak mahallelerinde, hane halkı düzeyinde elde edilen veriler SPSS programında değerlendirilerek göstergelerin kullanıcı memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisi alan çalışması özelinde ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonucunda, çalışma kapsamındaki konut alanlarında yaşayanların yaş, gelir durumu ve medeni durum gibi demografik göstergeler bakımından benzer profilde olduğu ve konut ve konut çevreleri ve sosyal göstergelerin bireylerin konut ve konut çevresi memnuniyetlerinde belirleyici unsurlar oldukları ortaya konulmuştur.
Dijitalleşen Dünyada Yeni Çalışma Koşulları: Metaverse ve Çevrimiçi Mobil Çalışma
Authors: ULUBAŞ HAMURCU Aslı
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 pandemisiyle birlikte fiziksel mekâna alternatif olarak geliştirilen dijital platformlara ve bu platformlar aracılığıyla sunulan hizmetlere yapılan yatırımlar hızla artmış, çok çeşitli çevrimiçi aktivite ve deneyimler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu aktivitelerin ve deneyimlerin sunulduğu ve de yaşandığı bir fijital (phygital) mekân olan Metaverse, başta sosyalleşme ve eğlence olmak üzere çalışma, eğitim, araştırma, alışveriş vb. birçok alanda hizmetin ve altyapının sunulmasını hedeflemekte, aynı zamanda bu hizmetlerin ve altyapının sunumunu da araçsallaştırmaktadır. Özellikle büyük ve orta ölçekli şirketlerin COVID-19 pandemisi ile çalışma alanlarını Metaverse’e taşıması, iş dünyasında dijitalleşmeye bağlı bir dönüşüm sürecinin çoktan başladığının göstergesidir. Buradan hareketle, bu çalışma, Metaverse’ü dijitalleşme çağında yeni bir çalışma ortamı/ mekânı olarak tanımlamakta/ tariflemekte, kritik öneme sahip bir sosyo-teknolojik grup olarak dijital göçebeleri odağına almakta ve dijital göçebeler için alternatif bir çevrimiçi çalışma ortamı/ mekânı olarak Metaverse’ün kentsel mekâna olası etkisini literatür taramasıyla elde edilen bulgular üzerinden değerlendirerek tartışmaya açmaktadır. Mevcut literatür, her ne kadar Metaverse’ün çalışanlara ve de işverenlere sunduğu olanaklar nedeniyle öne çıktığına işaret etse de, Metaverse’ün, uzun soluklu bir kullanım kazanması sağladığı hizmete, Metaverse’ü destekleyen teknolojilerin ve altyapının ekonomik ve coğrafi olarak erişilebilir olmasına ve de kullanıcılar üzerinden kurduğu ortaklıklara ve ilişkiler ağına bağlı kalacaktır.
Differential expression of ARRDC2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of ARRDC2, encoding arrestin domain-containing 2, in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. ARRDC2 was also differentially expressed in primary lower motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. ARRDC2 transcript was present at significantly lower levels in ALS patient skeletal muscle as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of KITLG in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of KITLG, encoding KIT ligand, in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. KITLG was also differentially expressed in primary lower motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. KITLG transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient skeletal muscle as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Portofolio Logika
Authors: Nurhalizah
Published: December 2022

Logika adalah hasil pertimbangan dari akal pikiran manusia yang diutarakan melalui kata-kata dan dinyatakan dalam bahasaPada dasarnya logika memberikan banyak manfaat bagi manusia dalam melakukan berbagai kegiatan.salah satunya dapatmembantu melatih manusia agar dapat berpikir secara kritis, rasional,lurus, tertib, metodis,koheren,dan dapat Meningkatkankesadaran manusiaakan pentingnya kebenaran sehingga menghindari kesalahan dan kesesatan dalam berpikir.
Tiga ajaran
Authors: Alberts Nourie M.
Published: December 2022

Dalam falsafah Cina, tiga ajaran (Bahasa Cina: 三教; pinyin: sān jiào, Vietnam: tam giáo, Chữ Hán: 三教) ialah agama Buddha, Konfusianisme, dan Taoisme, dianggap sebagai agregat yang harmoni.
Do text messages increase voter registration? Evidence from RCTs with a local authority and an advocacy organisation in the UK
Authors: Cheng-Matsuno Vanessa , Foos Florian , John Peter , Unan Asli
Published: December 2022

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, text messages have become an increasingly attractive tool of voter registration. At the same time, in countries without automated registration, advocacy organisations play a more prominent role in supplementing the efforts of official bodies in registering voters. However, most available, robust evidence on whether voter registration campaigns work is based on campaigns conducted by official bodies charged with electoral registration. We present the results of two RCTs that aimed to increase voter registration in the UK using SMS-text messages, relying mainly on behavioural messaging. One was conducted by a local authority, while the other was implemented by an issue advocacy organisation that had no prior involvement in voter registration. In line with previous findings, the local authority’s text messages resulted in an increased registration rate of eight percentage-points, which translates into a three percentage-point increase in voter turnout. However, the advocacy organisation’s text messages neither increased voter registration, nor turnout, no matter whether the text message offered a personal follow-up conversation, or not. Given that many voter registration campaigns are run by advocacy organisations and text messages are an increasingly important mobilisation tool, this raises questions about the scope conditions of existing findings.
PENTINGNYA KETERLIBATAN KAUM MUDA MILENIAL TERHADAP GEREJA MASA KINI
Authors: Banamtuan Wati Natalia
Published: December 2022

Catatan terkait dengan Bagaimana keterlibatan kaum muda zaman milenial terhadap pelayanan gereja
'Tortured phrases' in post-publication peer review of materials, computer and engineering sciences reveal linguistic-related editing problems
Authors: da Silva Jaime A. Teixeira
Published: December 2022

A surge in post-publication activity related to editing, including by technical editors and copyeditors, is worthy of some discussion. One of these issues involves the issue of 'tortured phrases', which are bizarre terms and phrases in academic papers that replace standard English expressions or jargon. This phenomenon may reveal an attempt to avoid the detection of textual similarity or to masquerade plagiarism, and yet remain undetected by editors, peer reviewers and text editors. Potentially thousands of cases have already been discovered and reported publicly on the post-publication platform PubPeer. In this opinion paper, 35 cases from ranked scholarly journals are presented, mainly the fields of materials, computer and engineering sciences. This collation serves to expand discussion about this integrity-related phenomenon and to increase educational awareness of the topic.
Ukulele
Authors: Siki Anri Mardison
Published: December 2022

Ukulele adalah alat musik petik sejenis gitar berukuran kecil, sekitar 20 inci, dan merupakan alat musik asli Hawaii ditemukan sekitar tahun 1879, Alat musik 'Ukulele' dalam bahasa hawaii artinya 'kutu loncat'. Lihat pada Ukulele History dan A little History of Ukulele Ukulele Dalam musik keroncong menjadi alat musik utama dengan suara crong, crong, crong, sehingga musik asli Indonesia tersebut disebut keroncong sejak 1880.
Differential expression of SEMA6A in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of SEMA6A, encoding semaphorin 6A, in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. SEMA6A was also differentially expressed in primary lower motor neurons isolated from patients with ALS. SEMA6A transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient skeletal muscle as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
On Interaction of Scalar Field and Gravitational Field in condition of Bogomolny Equation Concurrently on gauge charge kinetic factor of monopole in curved spacetime
Authors: Yipeng Feng
Published: December 2022

By a resolution for classical Yang-Mills-Higgs functional results in the static metric curved space, with the Bogomolny equation for scalar field in flat space, deduce the interaction form between scalar field and gravitational field, furthermore, applying Higgs mechanism on Higgs particle interact with a gauge gravity field then work out the same terms of this interaction result. Note that in spacetime equipped with non-static metric there is no existing closed isochronous hypersurface which is isomorphism to sphere in 3D space, normally in this condition the Bogomolny equation for magnetic monopoles’ research is not easy to operate. But for the inner product of field curvature in the condition of Bogomolny equation, it is feasible to do an analysis that by the Hodge Dual on volume 3-form on space domain and 1-form on time domain in 4D Riemannian manifold, hence calculate the difference between the motional monopole charge in static metric compared with that in non-static metric. Meanwhile, in scope of quantum field, the evolution operator of monopole is also demonstrated to develop the magnetic monopole’s kinetic effects in curved spacetime. To some extent, the kinetic factor for monopoles has the similar hint of covariant derivative with the scalar field particles.
Unbiased Individual Unconsciousness: Rationale, Replication and Developing Applications
Authors: Tsikandilakis Myron , Bali Persefoni , Mével Pierre-Alexis , Madan Christopher R , Derrfuss Jan , Milbank Alison
Published: December 2022

Unbiased individual unconsciousness is a methodology that employs non-parametric receiver operating characteristics and Bayesian analyses to provide estimations for thresholds for subjective visual suppression. It can enable a researcher to define among brief durations (e.g., 8.33 or 16.67 or 25 ms), per participant and elicitor type, the threshold of presentation for which each participant is individually unconscious during masking. The outcomes of this method are then used in a subsequent experimental session that involves psychophysiological assessments and participant ratings to explore evidence for unconscious processing and emotional responsivity. Following collegial requests for a dedicated manuscript on the rationale and replication of this method, in this manuscript, we provide a thorough, comprehensive and reader-friendly tutorial-guide. We include empirical illustrations, open-source and ready-to-use methodological, mathematical and statistical coding scripts and step-by-step instructions for replicating this methodology. We discuss the potential contributions and the developing applications of individual unconsciousness in topical research.
Leading to Diversity Management: Case of Community School Head-Teacher's Style in Nepal
Authors: Baraily Khagendra , Rai Krishna Bahadur
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to explore the leadership style of head teacher for the effective diversity management and investigate underlying assumption for respecting difference when act in diversity management the theoretical foundation for this underlying study was constructivist/interpretive the research method adopted for this study was qualitative along with hermeneutics phenomenology. Purposively, four head teachers from rural community schools of Dhankuta District were selected as participant. The participant head teacher were leading schools containing more than four diversities such as age, caste, gender, ethnicity. Profound interview was taken via interview guidelines from the participants based upon the experience in leadership style. Data analysis revealed with the themes of collaboration from the in depth interview and observing an activity of head teacher and services. From the interview protocol the responses had been transcribed and themes were organized to obtain main theme. The major results had been deduced from the main theme. Respect to culture, treating with caste and gender, minorities' advocacy and disability management were the prominent leadership strategies for the succession of school leadership. These strategies are more supportive to diversity management and valuable to conceive as appropriate styles for head teacher to his successful tenure.
Evaluation of performance and genetic parameters in quality protein maize genotypes
Authors: Regmi Aradhana , Niraula Dikshya , Shrestha Upasana , Shrestha Suraj , Kandel Bishnu Prasad
Published: December 2022

Quality protein maize (QPM) contains opaque-2 mutant genes that increases lysine and tryptophan level which are not normally found in maize. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of QPM genotype based on their yield, yield attributing and other relevant characteristics. A varietal trial on QPM was conducted in the research field of Lamahi municipality-3, Dang, Nepal from February to June 2021. This experiment was performed in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Thirteen genotypes of QPM and one standard check (Poshilo Makai-2) were evaluated. Each genotype was assigned an area of 3m × 3m with a net plot area of 452.5m2 per block. Analysis of variance revealed significant data for the most of the genotypes. Four genotypes Rampur-S13FQ-02 Rampur-SO3FQ-02, Rampur-S13FQ010 and Rampur-S13FQ-08 were found superior with a yield of 4.32 t/ha, 3.97 t/ha, 3.89 t/ha, 3.63 t/ha respectively in comparison to the standard check Poshilo makai-2 (2.66 t/ha). Significant and positive correlation were observed for the ear length, ear diameter, number of kernels per ear, number of kernel row per ear, ear weight whereas negative for ear aspect with grain yield was observed. Ear weight without husk had the highest contribution to grain yield. For all observed traits, the coefficient of phenotypic variation (PCV) was found to be higher than that of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). The highest GCV, PCV, genetic advance and heritability were observed in ear aspect, thousand grain weight, ear height, plant height respectively. As a result, breeding programs can be further improved by selecting these traits.
Effects of organic manures on yield and yield attributes of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) genotypes
Authors: Chaudhary Jeet Narayan , Bhusal Yuba Raj , Gotame Tek Prasad , Thapa Krishna Bahadur , Shrestha Deepa Singh , Shrestha Jiban
Published: December 2022

An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of organic sources of fertilizers on yield and yield parameters of five coffee (Coffea arabica) genotypes at Gulmi district in 2015 to 2021. Five different source of organic manures (mustard cake @ 2 kg/plant, poultry manure @ 2.5 kg/plant, vermi compost @ 3 kg/plant, goat manure @ 4 kg/plant and FYM/cattle manure @ 5 kg/plant) was applied on five coffee genotypes (Chhetradip Local, Gulmi Local, Selection-10, Syangja Special and Yellow Cattura). Field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrespective of genotypes, the length of cherry was found maximum (15.3 mm) in mustard cake applied plants which was followed by poultry manure applied plants (15.2 mm). The average cherry length was found longest (15.3 mm) in Yellow Cattura and Syangja Special which was followed by genotype Chhetradip Local (15.1 mm). The highest diameter of cherry (12.7 mm) was obtained with the use of mustard cake followed by poultry manure (12.4 mm). The application of mustard cake produced the highest cherry yield (3.55 kg/plant) followed by poultry manure (3.43 kg/plant). Yellow Cattura produced the highest fresh cherry yield (3.34 kg/ha) followed by Selection-10 (3.07 kg/plant). Results indicate that poultry manure and Yellow Cattura are most effective for higher production of coffee.
Phenotypic characterization and diversity of Nepalese garlic (Allium sativum L.) landraces
Authors: Shrestha Deepa Singh , Chaudhary Jeet Narayan , Ghimire Krishna Hari , Shrestha Jiban
Published: December 2022

A total 37 garlic landraces collection from Nepal Genebank were characterized using phenotypic trait maps or agro morphological markers at National Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre (Genebank), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during 2017 using quantitative and qualitative traits. Shannon and Weaver diversity index (H’) analysis revealed significant intra landrace diversity for both quantitative and qualitative traits. Nine principal components contributed 100 % to the cumulative variance and the first three principle components with Eigen value >1 accounted for 69.9 % of the entire variability.The cluster analysis grouped the 37 accessions into five distinct group. The Accession CO4816 from cluster 5 were superior in terms of yield attributing characters such as number of cloves/bulb, weight of cloves and yield but found to be shorter is plant height.  Pearson correlation analysis among eight quantitative traits showed highly significant positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width, leaf length and shaft length, leaf length and yield, weight of cloves and yield. The high yield is associated with leaf length, leaf width, weight of cloves and number of cloves. The frequency distribution for disease (Cercospora leafspot and Alternaria porii) occurrence were very low in 78 % of the accessions.
Impact of Public Spending in Infrastructure on Influencing Economic Development from East Africa Countries: The Vector Auto Regressive Analysis
Authors: Chindengwike James Daniel
Published: December 2022

Infrastructure development is essential for a country's growth and development. The goal of this study is to look at how public infrastructure expenditure affects economic growth in East Africa. Countries:The Vector Auto Regressive Analysis. The study employed a time series data research approach using secondary data. The population was applied to the financial records from 1984/85 to 2015/16. (Annual Data). The study's sample size was 32 yearly observations. The study's research site was purposefully chosen in Uganda. The data was gathered from a variety of trustworthy sources, including the World Bank. The Johansen co integration test shows a long-run relationship between public investment in infrastructure, communication, and electricity and the rate of economic growth. Simultaneously, the Granger-Causality test revealed indirect causality between economic development rate and all components of public spending used, with a P- Value of 0.04; and the Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) consequences revealed that public spending on infrastructure, communication, and energy had a direct effect on economic development rate. According to the study, increased investment on major infrastructure such as water facilities, airports, highways, power, trains, and communication adds considerably to the rate of economic development by boosting the efficiency of the public and private sectors.
Analyzing Water Poverty Components Using Geospatial Tools: Resource and Environmental Constraint in Kathmandu District
Authors: Shrestha Shobha , Chidi Chhabi Lal
Published: December 2022

This current paper examines water poverty situation in Kathmandu district in terms of water resource and environment constraints. Integrated methodology was adopted for the study. Water source sample survey was carried out using GPS tool. Study area comprised total of 13 water sample sites. Household questionnaire survey was carried out for water poverty mapping and analysis. Resource component of water poverty comprised indicators, namely seasonal variation in water availability, water supply frequency and groundwater recharge potential. The environment constraint component comprised water quality rate of soil erosion and topographic wetness index. The result show that the average calculated value of water resource limitation component is 6.31 and out of 13 studied communities, 7 communities fall below average. It is found that environmental constraint is less associated with urban housing density. It is found that environmental constraint is less associated with urban housing density. The average calculated value of environmental component is 3.43 and out of 13 studied communities, 8 communities fall below average. Spatial variability in water poverty is prominent and highest water poverty is found in urban cores. Communities with lower water poverty are found in peri-urban location near the foothills. The average calculated value of water poverty is 9.74 and out of 13 studied communities, 9 communities fall below the average. The study concluded that water poverty index and resultant map is a very effective tool to visualize the distribution of water poverty at local spatial scale and to present the complex nature of water poverty.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Machine Learning Approach: A Case Study of Baglung District, Nepal
Authors: Chalise Ashish , Sinjali Bipin , Kandel Tejendra , Parajuli Janak , Shrestha Sanjeevan
Published: December 2022

Assessment of Landslide Susceptibility Map (LSM) is crucial to the reduction of risk of the landslides. This paper focusses on modelling LSM using two different machine learning algorithms namely Random Forest (RF), and Classification and Regression Tree (CART). Ten landslide causative factors along with an inventory of landslides containing 89 recent and historic landslide points, and 90 randomly generated nonlandslide points were used to prepare a susceptibility map. The study area; Baglung district is located in the Gandaki province of Nepal, a highly landslide susceptible zone. Frequency ratio (FR) of each class of conditioning factors were calculated. FR values of landslide and non-landslide points were extracted from normalized FR classified raster. The extracted FR values of each point (landslide and non-landslide) was randomly split into training (70%) and testing (30%) samples which were used for training and testing the model. The performance of each algorithm was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves in combination with area under the curve (AUC) and error matrix. The AUC results introduced success rate of 1 and 0.88 for RF and CART respectively. Also, the rates of prediction were 0.86 and 0.96 for RF and CART respectively. Similarly, RF and CART showed accuracy of 0.88 and 0.83 from confusion matrix. Therefore, the RF algorithm was superior to CART in identifying the regions at risk for future landslides in the study area. The outcomes of this study is useful and essential for the government, planners, researchers, decision makers and general landuse planners.
Aspekt kolonialny opowiadania Kara-Bugaz (1932) Konstantina Paustowskiego
Authors: Polak Andrzej
Published: December 2022

W artykule dokonano analizy opowiadania Konstantina Paustowskiego Kara-Bugaz pod kątem występowania elementów estetyki socrealistycznej (odmiany gatunkowej zwanej powieścią produkcyjną) oraz rozwiązań typowych dla narracji kolonialnej. Utwór stanowi przykład łączenia wydawałoby się tych całkowicie odmiennych ideologii. Opowiadanie nawiązuje bezpośrednio do haseł towarzyszących programowi uprzemysłowienia państwa – głównego celu pierwszej radzieckiej pięciolatki. Celem pisarza jest przy tym nie tyle odtworzenie technologicznego procesu pracy, ile ukazanie jej sensu ukierunkowanego na kształtowanie dobrobytu ludzkości, na przekształcanie świata. Władza radziecka na terytorium Azji Środkowej ukazana została jako gwarant postępu i cywilizacji, przynoszący miejscowej ludności wzrost poziomu życia, edukację i możliwość wielorakiego rozwoju. Tym samym jej przedstawiciele występują nie w roli zwyczajnych kolonizatorów, lecz opiekunów, troszczących się o dobrobyt ziem będących częścią radzieckiego imperium.
Punkt bez powrotu i granica ludzkiej możliwości w opowiadaniu Georgija Demidowa Intelektualista
Authors: Gorbaczewski Czesław
Published: December 2022

W systemie figuratywnym opowiadania Demidowa jedną z kluczowych ról odgrywają uzbrojeni strażnicy, zmuszający do ciężkiej pracy więźniów, którzy ledwo powłóczą nogami. W utworze pojawiają się nazwiska znanych postaci historycznych i literackich z różnych epok i narodów: Laue, Einstein, Balya i Cauchy, Hamlet i Horacy, Puszkin i Salieri. Ukazane analogie historyczne i przestrzenne nie są przypadkowe. Autorytarny rząd i przywilej kilku osób, myślących za wszystkich, przypominają narratorowi jednoosobowe dyktatury toczące wojnę z inteligencją.
Jelena Makarowa: Epidemia [przełożył Andrzej Polak]
Authors: Polak Andrzej
Published: December 2022

Opowiadanie Jeleny Makarowej – pisarki, dziennikarki, pedagożki, arteterapeutki, kuratorki wystaw, członkini Międzynarodowego PEN Clubu, która w 1990 roku opuściła ZSRR, przenosząc się do Izraela, gdzie mieszka do dziś. W błyskotliwy, przewrotny, oparty na osobistym doświadczeniu, sposób Makarowa odsłania kulisy (nie)radzenia sobie społeczeństwa radzieckiego w skali mikro z nagłą zmianą narracji, kryzysem wartości, absurdami i gwałtownie następującymi po epoce zastoju przemianami politycznymi, społecznymi i kulturalnymi okresu pieriestrojki. A wszystko to na przykładzie Chimek – zamkniętego miasta w obwodzie moskiewskim – reprezentujących model państwa w miniaturze.
Pszczyna w okresie wojen śląskich (1740-1763) – zarys dziejów
Authors: Grudniewski Jakub , Grudniewska Hanna
Published: December 2022

-W momencie wybuchu pierwszej wojny śląskiej (1740—1742) Pszczyna była siedzibą wolnego państwa stanowego rządzonego od XVI wieku przez ród Promnitzów, będącego częścią monarchii habsburskiej. Władający Pszczyną Erdmann II Promnitz, podobnie jak inni przedstawiciele lokalnej władzy na Górnym Śląsku, próbował na początku 1741 roku zachować lojalność względem Habsburgów. Wiosną 1741 roku wobec przewagi wojsk pruskich koalicja prohabsburska szybko się załamała. Pod koniec tego roku Prusacy zaczęli organizować na Górnym Śląsku, w tym w Pszczynie,garnizony wojskowe. Podczas drugiej wojny śląskiej (1744—1745) miała miejsce kontrofensywa wojsk habsburskich, które pod koniec 1744 roku odbiły prawie cały Górny Śląsk. W Pszczynie doszło wówczas do bitwy pomiędzy oddziałami węgierskimi a pruskimi. Konsekwencją wojen śląskich była m.in. reorganizacja administracji, w tym utworzenie powiatu pszczyńskiego.
Trebonian Gallus i emisje z legendą ADVENTVS AVG. Dlaczego cesarz nie udał się na wschód?
Authors: Suski Robert
Published: December 2022

W mennicy w Antiochii za panowania Treboniana Gallusa emitowano monety z legendą ADVENTVS AVG. Zapowiadało to przybycie cesarza na wschód. Rzeczywiście zbliżała się wojna z Persją, a na wschód wysyłano siły zbrojne. Mimo to cesarz nie przybył do Syrii. Przedmiotem artykułu są powody, jakie skłoniły go do rezygnacji z udania się na wschód.
Rekrutacja do Waffen SS na polskich ziemiach okupowanych w opiniach dowódców SS (1939- 1941)
Authors: Kaczmarek Ryszard
Published: December 2022

W artykule omówione zostały próby rekrutacji obywateli polskich do Waffen-SS w pierwszym etapie wojny (w latach 1939—1941). Z korespondencji dowódców SS wynika, że w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie Niemcy chcieli zmobilizować wówczas, ze względów rasowych, tylko etnicznych Niemców (volksdeutschy). Jednak ta grupa przedwojennych polskich obywateli była tak znikoma, że nie dała szans na utworzenie osobnej formacji. Fiaskiem zakończyła się też próba stworzenia oddziałów Waffen-SS z tzw. ludności mieszanej pod względem rasowym, do której zaliczono Górali, Kaszubów i Ślązaków, którzy mieli dopiero otrzymać obywatelstwo niemieckie. Od 1942 roku, po wprowadzeniu volkslisty na tzw. polskich ziemiach wcielonych do Rzeszy Niemieckiej i po rezygnacji z obowiązujących do tej pory ograniczeń rasowych, pobór do Waffen-SS był przeprowadzany jako część przymusowego wcielenia do armii niemieckiej. Przynależność do Waffen-SS, odpowiedzialnego za zbrodnie wojenne, ludobójstwo i eksterminację ludności cywilnej na polskich ziemiach okupowanych, była przez Polaków oceniana jednoznacznie jako kolaboracjonizm i aktywny udział w zbrodniach nazistowskich Niemiec.
Komunikacja komplikacji i komplikacja komunikacji. Porozumiewanie się zwierząt ludzkich i nie-ludzkich na tle założeń biosemiotyki
Authors: Nowak Tomasz
Published: December 2022

W artykule poruszającym problem różnych obliczy komunikacji wyeksponowano biologiczne i semiotyczne wymiary zjawisk komunikacyjnych. Za cel obrano, między innymi, biosemiotyczną reinterpretację kilku kluczowych terminów klasycznej teorii informacji i komunikacji, w szczególności relacji między komunikacją komplikacji i komplikacją komunikacji, jakie obserwuje się w odmiennych sposobach porozumiewania się ludzi i (innych) zwierząt. Sformułowano tezę, zgodnie z którą zdolności i umiejętności biokomunikacyjne zwierząt ludzkich i nie-ludzkich dzieli dystans zarazem ilościowy i jakościowy. Celem artykułu jest odsłonięcie biologicznych podstaw semiotycznych zjawisk (w wymiarach: pragmatycznym, semantycznym, syntaktycznym i diakrytycznym). W związku z tym w pracy wiwisekcji zostają poddane wybrane strukturalne i funkcjonalne aspekty fenomenu biokomunikacji.
W poszukiwaniu perspektywy zoocentrycznej w kinie niefikcjonalnym. Przykład produkcji filmowej Stowarzyszenia Otwarte Klatki
Authors: Chuszcz Patrycja
Published: December 2022

Celem artykułu jest analiza produkcji filmowej Stowarzyszenia Otwarte Klatki, działającego na rzecz praw zwierząt tak zwanych hodowlanych, i odpowiedź na pytanie o próbę wyjścia poza perspektywę antropocentryczną w materiałach audiowizualnych tworzonych przez organizację. Rozważania rozpoczyna nakreślenie tradycji filmu niefikcjonalnego o zwierzętach oraz zdanie sprawy z aktualnych poszukiwań perspektywy zoocentrycznej w kinie przez dokumentalistów i artystów sztuk wizualnych. Następnie analizowana jest produkcja filmowa Stowarzyszenia Otwarte Klatki. Filmy organizacji konfrontowane są z perspektywą wynikającą z wywiadów przeprowadzonych z jej członkami oraz z literaturą przedmiotu. Z analizy wynika, że aktywiści – choć kontestują pewien sektor nowoczesnej cywilizacji (związany z przemysłową hodowlą zwierząt) – zapożyczają się w obowiązującym paradygmacie technologiczno-kulturowym. Jego przejawem jest między innymi wykorzystywanie perspektywy antropocentrycznej i antropomorfizacji w filmach, które tworzy Stowarzyszenie Otwarte Klatki. Aktywiści przyjmują jednak taką postawę świadomie, kierują się przy tym filozofią efektywnego altruizmu.
Sprawcy agresji i przemocy wobec zwierząt. Od czynników osobowościowych i sytuacyjno-społecznych do psychopatii i antyspołecznego zaburzenia osobowości
Authors: Czerwińska-Jakimiuk Ewa
Published: December 2022

Celem opracowania jest omówienie wybranych aspektów agresji i przemocy ludzi wobec zwierząt. W artykule przedstawiono definicje agresji i przemocy, opisano te zjawiska oraz przytoczono wyniki wybranych badań empirycznych (dotyczących cech społeczno-demograficznych sprawców przemocy wobec zwierząt, występujących u nich najczęściej zaburzeń osobowości, zachowań przestępczych, podejmowanych wobec sprawców przemocy wobec zwierząt działań prawnych, a w wypadku dzieci i młodzieży stosujących przemoc wobec zwierząt przyczyn i korelatów zjawiska, tła motywacyjnego oraz skutków). Poddano analizie czynniki najczęściej korelujące z agresją i przemocą o charakterze osobowościowym (między innymi agresywność, lęk, samokontrolę, empatię) i sytuacyjno-społecznym (między innymi frustrację, relatywną deprywację, społeczne uczenie się) oraz psychopatię i antyspołeczne zaburzenie osobowości.
Zwierzęta w czasach kryzysu klimatycznego
Authors: Skubała Piotr
Published: December 2022

Obserwujemy obecnie szóste, plejstoceńsko-holoceńskie wielkie wymieranie. Jednym z istotnych czynników przyczyniających się do dramatycznego spadku różnorodności dzikiej fauny i flory są zmiany klimatu. Ludzkość podjęła walkę ze zmianami klimatu w 1992 roku, kiedy to w trakcie Szczytu Ziemi w Rio de Janeiro przyjęto Ramową Konwencję Narodów Zjednoczonych w sprawie Zmian Klimatu. Niestety efektów tych wysiłków nie widać. Wzrost emisji gazów cieplarnianych doprowadzi do wymarcia połowy gatunków na Ziemi do końca wieku. Ograniczenie wzrostu temperatury do 2°C (w stosunku do ery przedindustrialnej) do 2100 roku oznaczać będzie zmniejszenie różnorodności gatunkowej o 25%. Naukowcy przestrzegają, że jeśli nie podejmiemy natychmiastowych działań, czeka nas katastrofalna utrata różnorodności biologicznej. Dzikie zwierzęta kręgowe już dzisiaj stanowią zaledwie 4% biomasy wszystkich kręgowców, dramatycznie niewiele w porównaniu z biomasą zwierząt hodowlanych.
The Problem of African Swine Fever (ASF) in View of the Polish Legislation and Controversies Related to Current Regulations
Authors: Januszczyk Maria Eliza
Published: December 2022

The aim of the article is to present Polish and EU regulations established to combat the African swine fever (ASF) as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of their application, also taking into account ethical and purposeful aspects. It contains a presentation of factors leading to loss of control over the spread of the disease, including cross-sectional overview of legal rules concerning swine slaughter, biosecurity rules, sanitary shots and hunting alongside with the examples and outcomes of their non-compliance with. The issue of negligence in veterinary supervision has also been addressed. It has also been shown that preventive slaughtering decisions issued within the framework of broad administrative discretion, based on current legislation, have serious ethical consequences and cause disproportionate economic losses for farms.
Effects of logging residues and skid roads on litter decomposition rate and nutrient release of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Enez Korhan , Savaci Gamze , Sariyildiz Temel
Published: December 2022

Needle litter decomposition rate and nutrient releases of pure stands of black pine and Scots pine under the three different micro-ecologic sites (skidding road, the logging residues and mineral topsoil) and the control site (non-harvesting site) were studied. The needle litters of Black pine and Scots pine were initially analysed for total carbon and nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg, Mn, and Fe). The litter decomposition experiment using the litterbags method was carried out in the field for 18 months. The Scots pine needle litters decayed faster than the black pine litters. Both the Scots pine and Black pine needle litters showed higher mean mass losses under the mineral topsoil and the logging residues than under the skid road and the control site.
Opća kvalifikacija ozljeda sudionika prometnih nesreća s osvrtom na šumarstvo
Authors: Matijević Goran , Peulić Velibor , Cesarik Marijan , Zečić Željko , Landekić Matija
Published: December 2022

Gledano globalno, ali i općenito u Hrvatskoj te na razini poduzeća Hrvatske šume d.o.o., ozljede nastale kao rezultat prometnih nesreća predstavljaju značajan javnozdarsvtveni i ekonomski trošak. Obveza liječnika koji je prvi pregledao ozlijeđenog u bilo kojem događaju, pa tako i prometnoj nesreći ili događaju koji ima obilježja ozljede na radu, je prijavljivanje ozljeda policiji. U predmetnoj prijavi, uz opće podatke, liječnik je dužan kvalificirati tjelesnu ozljedu. O klalifikaciji predmetne ozljede ovosit će sve daljne radnje tijekom kriminalističkog istraživanja, te hoće li se pokrenut prekršajni, kazneni ili disciplinski postupak. Na temelju navedenog, primarni cilj istraživanja odnosi se na izradu okvira za kvalitetnije, točnije i ujednačenije kvalificiranje ozljeda sudionika prometnih nesreća. Sekundarni cilj istraživanja vezan je za prikaz trenda i kvalifikacije ostalih ozljeda pri radu u prometu unutar poduzeća koje gospodari državnim šumama. Kod analize općih mehanizama ozljeđivanja i povezanih ozljeda tj. kvalifikacije ozljeda sudionika prometnih nesreća, primijenjena je metoda analize, sinteze, kompilacije i klasifikacije, a kod analize numeričkih podataka primijenjena je tehnika deskriptivne statistike. Rezultati istraživanja vezani za kvalifikaciju ozljeda prikazani su unutar četiri pregledne tablice glede mehanizma nastupanja ozljeda kod frontalnih sudara, bočnih sudara, sudara u vožnji u slijedu i kod prevrtanja vozila. Najveći broj kvalificiranih ozljeda (n=58) utvrđen je kod frontalnih sudara, kod kojih je utvrđen i najveći broj mehanizama ozljeda (n=4). Najmanji broj mehanizama ozljeđivanja (n=1) i najmanji broj kvalificiranih ozljeda (n=7) identificiran je kod sudara u vožnji u slijedu. Udio priznatih ostalih ozljeda pri radu u prometu (službeno putovanje, dolazak na posao, odlazak s posla) unutar poduzeću Hrvatske šume d.o.o. za promatrano razdoblje, u odnosu na ukupan broj ozljeda, kreće se u rasponu od 5,14 % do 2,59 %. Spoznaje i rezultati predmetnog istraživanja široj stručnoj i znanstvenoj zajednici postavljaju potencijalni okvir za ujednačavanjem i podizanjem razine kvalitete kvalifikacije ozljeda kod četiri osnovna tipa prometnih nesreća.
Nomotehničke i druge pretpostavke za donošenje pravilnika o zaštiti na radu
Authors: Učur Marinko Đ.
Published: December 2022

Pravni sustav u pravu zaštite na radu čine brojni propisi univerzalnog, regionalnog i nacionalnog (heteronomnog i autonomnog karaktera), različitog prostornog i vremenskog važenja, naziva i sadržaja. Među tim propisima posebno mjesto i s brojnim specifičnim nomotehničkim i drugim oznakama (karakteristikama) ima pravilnik o zaštiti na radu, sui generis autonomni opći (normativni) akt – propis.
Neposredni razlog i povod za pisanje ovoga rada je vrijedan doprinos uredništva „radnog prava“ (Rosip d.o.o. Zagreb) u izradi i objavi priručnika „Pravilnici poslodavca“ (obrazloženja, primjer, sudska praksa i rada autora ovog članka „Ogledni primjer Pravilnika o zaštiti na radu“ objavljenog u spomenutom časopisu. Objavljeni „pravilnici“ zahtijevaju osvrt na najsloženije poslove pravnog stvaranja – na donošenje novih propisa i uvažavanje nomotehničkih i drugih pretpostavki za taj proces (postupak) i odnos. To je predmet (sadržaj) ovog članka.