bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Musculoskeletal-Finite-Element Model to Evaluate Effects of Load Carriage on the Tibia During Walking
Authors: Xu Chun , Silder Amy , Zhang Ju , Hughes Julie , Unnikrishnan Ginu , Reifman Jaques , Rakesh Vineet
Published: July 2016

Prior studies have assessed the effects of load carriage on the tibia. Here, we expand on these studies and investigate the effects of load carriage on joint reaction forces (JRFs) and the resulting spatiotemporal stress/strain distributions in the tibia. Using full-body motion and ground reaction forces from a female subject, we computed joint and muscle forces during walking for four load carriage conditions. We applied these forces as physiological loading conditions in a finite-element (FE) analysis to compute strain and stress. We derived material properties from computed tomography (CT) images of a sex-, age-, and body mass index-matched subject using a mesh morphing and mapping algorithm, and used them within the FE model. Compared to walking with no load, the knee JRFs were the most sensitive to load carriage, increasing by as much as 26.2% when carrying a 30% of body weight (BW) load (ankle: 16.4% and hip: 19.0%). Moreover, our model revealed disproportionate increases in internal JRFs with increases in load carriage, suggesting a coordinated adjustment in the musculature functions in the lower extremity. FE results reflected the complex effects of spatially varying material properties distribution and muscular engagement on tibial biomechanics during walking. We observed high stresses on the anterior crest and the medial surface of the tibia at pushoff, whereas high cumulative stress during one walking cycle was more prominent in the medioposterior aspect of the tibia. Our findings reinforce the need to include: (1) physiologically accurate loading conditions when modeling healthy subjects undergoing short-term exercise training and (2) the duration of stress exposure when evaluating stress-fracture injury risk. As a fundamental step toward understanding the instantaneous effect of external loading, our study presents a means to assess the relationship between load carriage and bone biomechanics.
Effect of phosphate additives on the microstructure, bioactivity, and degradability of microarc oxidation coatings on Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy
Authors: Dou Jinhe , You Qiongya , Gu Guochao , Chen Chuanzhong , Zhang Xihua
Published: July 2016

Calcium phosphate coatings were prepared on the surface of self-designed Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy using microarc oxidization technology. To characterize the microstructures, cross-section morphologies, and compositions of the coatings, the authors used scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-disperse spectrometer, x-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Potentiodynamic polarization in the simulated body fluid (SBF) was used to evaluate the corrosion behaviors of the samples. An SBF immersion test was used to evaluate the coating bioactivity and degradability. After the immersion tests, some bonelike apatite formed on the coating surfaces indicate that bioactivity of the coatings is excellent. The coating prepared in electrolyte containing (NaPO3)6 had slower degradation rate after immersion test for 21 days.
The external magnetic field created by the superposition of identical parallel finite solenoids
Authors: Lim Melody Xuan , Greenside Henry
Published: July 2016

We use superposition and numerical methods to show that the external magnetic field generated by parallel identical solenoids can be nearly uniform and substantial, even when the solenoids have lengths that are large compared to their radii. We examine both a ring of solenoids and a large hexagonal array of solenoids. In both cases, we discuss how the magnitude and uniformity of the external field depend on the length of and the spacing between the solenoids. We also discuss some novel properties of a single solenoid, e.g., that even for short solenoids the energy stored in the internal magnetic field exceeds the energy stored in the spatially infinite external magnetic field. These results should be broadly interesting to undergraduates learning about electricity and magnetism.
Periodic roads and quantized wheels
Authors: de Campos Valadares Eduardo
Published: July 2016

We propose a simple approach to determine all possible wheels that can roll smoothly without slipping on a periodic roadbed, while maintaining the center of mass at a fixed height. We also address the inverse problem that of obtaining the roadbed profile compatible with a specific wheel and all other related “quantized wheels.” The role of symmetry is highlighted, which might preclude the center of mass from remaining at a fixed height. A straightforward consequence of such geometric quantization is that the gravitational potential energy and the moment of inertia are discrete, suggesting a parallelism between macroscopic wheels and nano-systems, such as carbon nanotubes.
Sound speed in downhole flow measurement
Authors: Ünalmis Ö. Haldun
Published: July 2016

This paper describes the use of sound speed in flow measurement applications in the high-pressure/high-temperature downhole environment. The propagation speed of a sound wave is a powerful tool to extract useful information from a flowing fluid medium in pipe whether the medium consists of a single-phase or multiphase flow. Considering the complex nature of the flow patterns and changing phase fractions from reservoir to surface, utilizing the propagation speed of sound of a fluid mixture is not a trivial task, especially if the interest is real-time flow measurement. The demanding applications span a wide spectrum from noisy medium originating from fast-moving gas/liquid flows to quiet medium originating from slow-moving liquid/liquid flows. In the current work, multiple flow loop tests are conducted in different facilities to evaluate the direct use of sound speed in flow rate measurement and the results are associated with real-life field examples. A tool analysis map is developed that addresses the use of sound speed for flow measurement under different scenarios. Although most examples are based on strain-based local sensing of the flow, the use of sound speed is independent of the methodology and can be implemented by other methods such as acoustic-based distributed sensing.
Rapid delayed growth of ruptured supraclinoid blister aneurysm after successful flow diverting stent treatment
Authors: Lang Stefan Thomas , Assis Zarina , Wong John H , Morrish William , Mitha Alim P
Published: July 2016

A 62-year-old woman presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured right supraclinoid internal carotid artery blister aneurysm. She was treated in an emergent fashion with two flow diverting pipeline embolization devices (PED) deployed in a telescoping fashion. CT angiography performed for unrelated reasons at 7 months showed successful treatment of the aneurysm without evidence of residual aneurysm. However, a follow-up digital subtraction angiogram performed at 9 months showed a large aneurysm in a modified position compared with the original aneurysm. This is the first case of rapid regrowth of a supraclinoid blister aneurysm after successful treatment with a PED, and demonstrates the need for close follow-up for similar aneurysms treated with this novel device.
Toothache and hearing loss: early symptoms of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)
Authors: Brown Peter , Conlon Niall , Feighery Conleth
Published: July 2016

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is an uncommon condition characterised by vasculitis and associated granuloma formation with a highly specific autoantibody, namely proteinase 3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). The respiratory tract and kidneys are the organ systems most often involved. Symptoms can be non-specific, and isolated hearing loss can predate other symptoms by months, leading to lengthy delays in diagnosis and treatment. Left untreated, hearing loss can be irreversible, and therefore early diagnosis is crucial. We present a case study of severe hearing impairment in an attempt to raise awareness of ear involvement as an early feature of this unusual condition.
Cross-sectional study of Pfizer-sponsored clinical trials: assessment of time to publication and publication history
Authors: Mooney LaVerne A , Fay Lorna
Published: July 2016

Objective

To estimate the proportion of Pfizer-sponsored clinical trials that completed in 2010 and are published as manuscripts in the peer-reviewed literature, and to assess the manuscript development history.

Design

Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis.

Setting

Clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov that completed in 2010 for approved, Pfizer prescription products in patients or vaccines in healthy participants.

Main outcome measures

The proportion of studies for which the primary outcome(s) was published and the median time from study completion to publication. The manuscript development history included the number of times a manuscript was submitted before it was accepted for publication.

Results

Among registered clinical trials for which Pfizer was the sponsor that completed in 2010, 76 met all inclusion criteria. The primary outcome(s) for 65 (85%) studies was published in 71 manuscripts; the median time to publication was 31 months (range 3–63 months). Of the remaining 11 studies, 2 had been submitted to at least one journal, 2 had not yet been submitted and 7 had no plans to publish because the study had terminated early due to recruitment challenges. Manuscripts accepted at the first choice journal were published at median time of 28 months (range 8–63, n=31), those accepted at second choice journal were published at 32 months (3–45, n=19), and for those accepted at third choice journal, it was 40 months (range 24–53, n=13).

Conclusions

The publication rate and median time to publication from study completion for Pfizer-sponsored studies were comparable to those previously reported for combined analyses of industry and non-industry sectors. Opportunities exist for sponsors, authors and journals to explore ideas that would facilitate more timely publication for clinical trial results. However, to be effective, such changes may need to revisit the entire publication process.
Evaluation of the contact pressure and response of a buried structure with a flat roof
Authors: Karinski Yuri S. , Dancygier Avraham N. , Chacha Aaron
Published: July 2016

The paper presents a model to analyze the response of a buried structure to surface loading, which is based on a discrete-continuous concept, taking into consideration a possible variation of the soil arching coefficient with depth. The structure and the soil are represented by equivalent two degree of freedom and one-dimensional column system. The shear soil resistance is represented by a vertical friction traction that depends on the relative displacement between the column and the free field. At the bottom, the system is supported by a semi-infinite medium. An analytical solution for the mid-roof deflection and average contact pressure has been derived and verified against published experimental results. Examination of the effects of the soil parameters on the mid-roof deflection demonstrates their different weights in the analysis. The present model may be used for future solutions of corresponding dynamic problems, for which the variation of the arching coefficient with depth is especially important.
Soil fertility and fertilization practices affect accumulation and leaching risk of reactive N in greenhouse vegetable soils
Authors: Zhao Yajie , Lu Caiyan , Shi Yi , Huang Bin , Chen Xin
Published: July 2016

Elevated soil fertility levels induced by continuous chemical fertilizer and (or) manure application may affect N loss potential and redistribution within soil-crop system. A 49-d packed soil column experiment with a factorial design of three soil fertility levels and four fertilization treatments was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil fertility and fertilization treatments on the accumulation and leaching risk of reactive N. The results showed that the 49-d cumulative leaching loss of total reactive N ranged from 176.3 to 499.0 kg N ha−1. The cumulative leaching losses of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in NPK treatment were significantly higher than those in other three treatments in fertility level I and II soils. The cumulative leaching loss of NO3−-N was significantly greater in NPK + M or NPK treatment than in CK treatment in fertility level I or III soils, and it was remarkably greater in M treatment than in other three treatments in fertility level II soil. In total, 64.0% of TDN in soil leachate existed in the form of DON, and 35.1% was nitrate-N among different soil fertility and fertilization treatments. These results indicated that DON was an important component of N leaching loss and could not be neglected in sustainable development of vegetable greenhouse soil.
Excess conductivity analysis in YBa2Cu3O7−d added with SiO2 nanoparticles and nanowires: Comparative study
Authors: Al-Otaibi A. L. , Almessiere M. A. , Salem M. Ben , Azzouz F. Ben
Published: July 2016

The effect of nanosized silicon oxide nanoparticles (denoted NP-SiO2) and nanowires (denoted NW-SiO2) additions during the final processing stage on electrical fluctuation conductivity of polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O[Formula: see text] (Y-123 for brevity) in the mean field region has been reported. Series of samples were synthesized in air using a standard solid-state reaction technique by adding nanosized entities up to 0.5 wt.%. Phases, microstructure and superconductivity properties have been systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrical measurements. TEM investigations show the presence of inhomogeneities embedded in the superconducting matrix along with the presence of columnar defects in the case of SiO2 nanoparticles added samples, however nanowires tend to agglomerate by entangling with each other in the intergrain regions. The fluctuation conductivity was analyzed as a function of reduced temperature using the Aslamazov–Larkin model. Using the Lawrence–Doniach equations, the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) number (NG) and equations, the coherence length, the effective layer thickness, the lower critical field [Formula: see text], the upper critical field [Formula: see text] and the critical current density [Formula: see text] were estimated. It was found that the addition of an optimum concentration of SiO2 nanomaterials, that depends on the shape, effectively controlled the microstructure, the grains coupling and hence improved the physical properties of Y-123 compound.
The Born–Mayer–Huggins potential in high temperature superconductors
Authors: Singh Hempal , Singh Anu , Indu B. D.
Published: July 2016

The Born–Mayer–Huggins potential which has been found the best suitable potential to study the YBa2Cu3O[Formula: see text] type high temperature superconductors is revisited in a new framework. A deeper insight in it reveals that the Born–Mayer parameters for different interactions in high temperature superconductor are not simple quantities but several thermodynamic and spatial functions enter the problem. Based on the new theory, the expressions for pressure, bulk modulus and Born–Mayer parameters have been derived and it is established that these quantities depend upon Gruneisen parameter which is the measure of the strength of anharmonic effects in high temperature superconductors. This theory has been applied to a specific model YBa2Cu3O[Formula: see text] crystal for the purpose of numerical estimates to justify the new results.
Design Methodology for Multiple Output Combinational Circuits Using Cyclic Combinational Technique
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Dandapat Anup
Published: July 2016

Conventional combinational circuits are generally acyclic (feed-forward) but these circuits can have feedbacks (cycles) which will give more minimized expressions as compared to conventional combinational circuits. Deliberate incorporation of such cycles or feedbacks in conventional combinational circuits eventually results in reduction in number of literals in the expression of the combinational circuits. The reduction in literal counts decreases the number of gates required to implement the expressions of the combinational circuits. Hence, the decrease in number of gates leads to reduction in transistor counts or layout area for the circuits. A cyclic combinational circuit (CCC) is defined as the circuit whose output depends on present inputs only, but at the same time contains one or more feedbacks (cycles). This paper presents a simplified methodology for introduction of cycles (feedbacks) and finding expressions for the CCC. The methodology is applied on LGSynth93 benchmark circuits and a reduction up to 28% in literal counts for expressions of CCC was found which is higher than the reduction achieved by other methodologies. Further the methodology is applied to implement binary comparator which has got three multiple outputs using cyclic combinational technique. The circuits are verified through simulation in cadence virtuoso tools using 45[Formula: see text]nm technology. Based on simulation results, performance parameters like power consumption, propagation delay and layout area of CCC are compared with the conventional circuits.
Urban Creativity: An Entrepreneurial Focus
Authors: Goldberg-Miller Shoshanah B. D. , Fregetto Eugene F.
Published: July 2016

This paper discusses the power of the creative sector to revive today’s cities by broadening the discussion of the creative sector to include all the tools, assets, and processes of urban creativity. While scholars commonly tie the creative class to specific neighborhoods, especially “silo-ing” creative producers into being the solution for decaying and decrepit neighborhoods and areas, this paper presumes that urban cities already have the depth of diversity to support urban creativity if the dominant planning logic is shifted to proximity of resource from a specific location development.
Prevalence of Dental Caries in Kosovar Adult Population
Authors: Kamberi Blerim , Koçani Ferit , Begzati Agim , Kelmendi Jeta , Ilijazi Donika , Berisha Nora , Kqiku Lumnije
Published: July 2016

Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries in the Kosovar adult population.Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study in Kosovo was conducted examining 9387 patients, aged 18 upwards, between January 2010 and December 2011. Clinical evaluation was done using WHO criteria for evaluation of dental health status and data collection.Results. The prevalence of caries for the whole study was 72.80%. The mean DMFT index was 9.61 (±5.12) in the 18–34-year age group, 11.6 (±6.42) in the 35–44-year age group, 13.68 (±8.12) among the 45–64-year age group, 17.98 (±9.81) in the 65–74-year age group, and 23.19 (±9.41) in the age group of 75+ years, respectively. A significant difference of mean DMFT and its each component was observed between the ages (P<0.001).Conclusion. This study comes out with the significant levels of dental caries among young Kosovar population (18–34 years old).
Bacterial Adhesion and Surface Roughness for Different Clinical Techniques for Acrylic Polymethyl Methacrylate
Authors: Dantas Lucas Costa de Medeiros , Silva-Neto João Paulo da , Dantas Talita Souza , Naves Lucas Zago , das Neves Flávio Domingues , da Mota Adérito Soares
Published: July 2016

This study sought to assess the effect of different surface finishing and polishing protocols on the surface roughness and bacterial adhesion (S. sanguinis) to polymethyl methacrylates (PMMA). Fifty specimens were divided into 5 groups (n=10) according to their fabrication method and surface finishing protocol: LP (3 : 1 ratio and laboratory polishing), NF (Nealon technique and finishing), NP (Nealon technique and manual polishing), MF (3 : 1 ratio and manual finishing), and MP (3 : 1 ratio and manual polishing). For each group, five specimens were submitted to bacterial adhesion tests and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two additional specimens were subjected to surface topography analysis by SEM and the remaining three specimens were subjected to surface roughness measurements. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA. The mean bacterial counts were as follows: NF,19.6±3.05; MP,5.36±2.08; NP,4.96±1.93; MF,7.36±2.45; and LP,1.56±0.62(CFU). The mean surface roughness values were as follows: NF,3.23±0.15; MP,0.52±0.05; NP,0.60±0.08; MF,2.69±0.12; and LP,0.07±0.02(μm). A reduction in the surface roughness was observed to be directly related to a decrease in bacterial adhesion. It was verified that the laboratory processing of PMMA might decrease the surface roughness and consequently the adhesion ofS. sanguinisto this material.
Coexistence of Acute Crescent Glomerulonephritis and IgG4-Related Kidney Disease
Authors: Lu Zeyuan , Yin Jianyong , Bao Hongda , Jiao Qiong , Wu Huijuan , Wu Rui , Xue Qin , Wang Niansong , Zhang Zhigang , Wang Feng
Published: July 2016

Introduction: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory disorder that may involve almost each organ or system. IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) refers to renal lesions associated with IgG4-RD. The most frequent morphological type of renal lesions is IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN) which is associated with increased IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration and interstitial fibrosis. Case Report: Herein, we present a rare case with coexisting IgG4-RKD and acute crescent glomerulonephritis with concomitant severe tubulointerstitial lesions instead of classic IgG4-TIN. Conclusion: IgG4-RKD and acute crescent glomerulonephritis can occur in the same patient. This case may give us a clearer viewpoint of the disease.
Enhanced HDL Functionality in Small HDL Species Produced Upon Remodeling of HDL by Reconstituted HDL, CSL112
Authors: Didichenko Svetlana A. , Navdaev Alexei V. , Cukier Alexandre M.O. , Gille Andreas , Schuetz Patrick , Spycher Martin O. , Thérond Patrice , Chapman M. John , Kontush Anatol , Wright Samuel D.
Published: July 2016

Rationale:

CSL112, human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) reconstituted with phosphatidylcholine, is known to cause a dramatic rise in small high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

Objective:

To explore the mechanisms by which the formation of small HDL particles is induced by CSL112.

Methods and Results:

Infusion of CSL112 into humans caused elevation of 2 small diameter HDL fractions and 1 large diameter fraction. Ex vivo studies showed that this remodeling does not depend on lipid transfer proteins or lipases. Rather, interaction of CSL112 with purified HDL spontaneously gave rise to 3 HDL species: a large, spherical species composed of apoA-I from native HDL and CSL112; a small, disc-shaped species composed of apoA-I from CSL112, but smaller because of the loss of phospholipids; and the smallest species, lipid-poor apoA-I composed of apoA-I from HDL and CSL112. Time-course studies suggest that remodeling occurs by an initial fusion of CSL112 with HDL and subsequent fission leading to the smaller forms. Functional studies showed that ATP-binding cassette transporter 1–dependent cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory effects in whole blood were carried by the 2 small species with little activity in the large species. In contrast, the ability to inactivate lipid hydroperoxides in oxidized low-density lipoprotein was carried predominantly by the 2 largest species and was low in lipid-poor apoA-I.

Conclusions:

We have described a mechanism for the formation of small, highly functional HDL species involving spontaneous fusion of discoidal HDL with spherical HDL and subsequent fission. Similar remodeling is likely to occur during the life cycle of apoA-I in vivo.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Sirtuin-1 Protects Against Diet-Induced Aortic Stiffness
Authors: Fry Jessica L. , Al Sayah Leona , Weisbrod Robert M. , Van Roy Isabelle , Weng Xiang , Cohen Richard A. , Bachschmid Markus M. , Seta Francesca
Published: July 2016

Arterial stiffness, a major cardiovascular risk factor, develops within 2 months in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet, serving as a model of human metabolic syndrome, and it is associated with activation of proinflammatory and oxidant pathways in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. Sirtuin-1 (SirT1) is an NAD
+
-dependent deacetylase regulated by the cellular metabolic status. Our goal was to study the effects of VSM SirT1 on arterial stiffness in the context of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Overnight fasting acutely decreased arterial stiffness, measured in vivo by pulse wave velocity, in mice fed HFHS for 2 or 8 months, but not in mice lacking SirT1 in VSM (SMKO). Similarly, VSM-specific genetic SirT1 overexpression (SMTG) prevented pulse wave velocity increases induced by HFHS feeding, during 8 months. Administration of resveratrol or S17834, 2 polyphenolic compounds known to activate SirT1, prevented HFHS-induced arterial stiffness and were mimicked by global SirT1 overexpression (SirT1 bacterial artificial chromosome overexpressor), without evident metabolic improvements. In addition, HFHS-induced pulse wave velocity increases were reversed by 1-week treatment with a specific, small molecule SirT1 activator (SRT1720). These beneficial effects of pharmacological or genetic SirT1 activation, against HFHS-induced arterial stiffness, were associated with a decrease in nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) activation and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and p47phox protein expressions, in aorta and VSM cells. In conclusion, VSM SirT1 activation decreases arterial stiffness in the setting of obesity by stimulating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways in the aorta. SirT1 activators may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent arterial stiffness and associated cardiovascular complications in overweight/obese individuals with metabolic syndrome.
Longitudinal Asymmetric Trends of Tropical Cold-Point Tropopause Temperature and Their Link to Strengthened Walker Circulation
Authors: Hu Dingzhu , Tian Wenshou , Guan Zhaoyong , Guo Yipeng , Dhomse Sandip
Published: July 2016

The zonal structure of trends in the tropical tropopause layer during 1979–2014 is investigated by using reanalysis datasets and chemistry–climate model simulations. The analysis herein reveals that the tropical cold-point tropopause temperature (CPTT) trends during 1979–2014 are zonally asymmetric; that is, over the tropical central and eastern Pacific (CEP; 20°S–20°N, 160°E–100°W), the CPTT shows an increasing trend of 0.22 K decade−1, whereas over the rest of the tropical regions (non-CEP regions) the CPTT shows a decreasing trend of −0.08 K decade−1. Model simulations suggest that this zonal asymmetry in the tropical CPTT trends can be partly attributed to Walker circulation (WC) changes induced by zonally asymmetric changes of the sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The increasing (decreasing) SSTs over the western Pacific (CEP) result in a larger zonal gradient in sea level pressure over the tropical Pacific and intensified surface easterlies. The increased pressure gradient leads to enhanced convection over the Indo-Pacific warm pool and weakened convection over the CEP, facilitating a stronger WC. The downward branch of the intensified WC induces a dynamical warming over the CEP and the upward branch of the intensified WC induces a dynamical cooling over the non-CEP regions below 150 hPa. The significant warming in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) caused by the WC descending and wave activity changes in the UTLS over the CEP shifts the cold-point tropopause height to a higher level, while the radiative effects of greenhouse gases, ozone, and water vapor changes in the UTLS make less important contributions to the trend of the tropical CPTT than SST changes.
Duties of Charity, Duties of Justice
Authors: Goodin Robert E
Published: July 2016

Everyone agrees we have duties of charity, however restrictive a view they take of our duties of justice. But duties of charity can sometimes be stronger than duties of justice, and where they are, those owed duties of justice cannot complain when the duty-bearer discharges that duty of charity instead. Furthermore, duties of charity, being imperfect, require institutional specification to render them into perfect duties making clear who owes what to whom. Institutions do that by “consolidating” imperfect duties of charity. Such institutions would be very similar to those required by robust duties of justice. Anyone who takes appropriately seriously the duties of charity that everyone agrees we all have would thereby be led to prescribe broadly the same institutions as advocates of robust duties of justice.
In-silico discovery of cancer-specific peptide-HLA complexes for targeted therapy
Authors: Dhanik Ankur , R. Kirshner Jessica , MacDonald Douglas , Thurston Gavin , C. Lin Hsin , J. Murphy Andrew , Zhang Wen
Published: July 2016

Background

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) or Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Class I molecules bind to peptide fragments of proteins degraded inside the cell and display them on the cell surface. We are interested in peptide-HLA complexes involving peptides that are derived from proteins specifically expressed in cancer cells. Such complexes have been shown to provide an effective means of precisely targeting cancer cells by engineered T-cells and antibodies, which would be an improvement over current chemotherapeutic agents that indiscriminately kill proliferating cells. An important concern with the targeting of peptide-HLA complexes is off-target toxicity that could occur due to the presence of complexes similar to the target complex in cells from essential, normal tissues.

Results

We developed a novel computational strategy for identifying potential peptide-HLA cancer targets and evaluating the likelihood of off-target toxicity associated with these targets. Our strategy combines sequence-based and structure-based approaches in a unique way to predict potential off-targets. The focus of our work is on the complexes involving the most frequent HLA class I allele HLA-A*02:01. Using our strategy, we predicted the off-target toxicity observed in past clinical trials. We employed it to perform a first-ever comprehensive exploration of the human peptidome to identify cancer-specific targets utilizing gene expression data from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GTEx (Gene Tissue Expression), and structural data from PDB (Protein Data Bank). We have thus identified a list of 627 peptide-HLA complexes across various TCGA cancer types.

Conclusion

Peptide-HLA complexes identified using our novel strategy could enable discovery of cancer-specific targets for engineered T-cells or antibody based therapy with minimal off-target toxicity.
Efficacy of Tumor Vaccines and Cellular Immunotherapies in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dammeijer Floris , Lievense Lysanne A. , Veerman G.D. Marijn , Hoogsteden Henk C. , Hegmans Joost P. , Arends Lidia R. , Aerts Joachim G.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Programmed cell death protein-1- checkpoint blockers have recently been approved as second-line treatment for advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, only a subgroup of patients responds and shows long-term survival to these therapies. Tumor vaccines and cellular immunotherapies could synergize with checkpoint blockade, but which of these treatments is most efficacious is unknown. In this meta-analysis, we assessed the efficacy of tumor vaccination and cellular immunotherapy in NSCLC.

Methods

We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating cellular immunotherapy or vaccines in NSCLC. We used random effects models to analyze overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), expressed as hazard ratios (HRs), and differences in time (months). The effect of immunotherapy type, disease stage, tumor histology, and concurrent chemotherapy was assessed using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. All procedures were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results

We identified 18 RCTs that matched our selection criteria; these included a total of 6,756 patients. Immunotherapy extended NSCLC survival and PFS, expressed as HR (OS: HR, 0.81, 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.94, P = .01; PFS: HR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.95, P = .006) and month difference (OS: difference, 5.43 months, 95% CI, 3.20 to 7.65, P < .005; PFS: difference, 3.24 months, 95% CI, 1.61 to 4.88, P < .005). Cellular therapies outperformed tumor vaccines (OS as HR: P = .005, month difference: P < .001; PFS as HR: P = .001, month difference: P = .004). There was a benefit of immunotherapy in low-stage compared with high-stage NSCLC and with concurrent administration of chemotherapy only in one of four outcome measures evaluated (PFS in months: P = .01 and PFS as HR: P = .031, respectively). There was no significant effect of tumor histology on survival or PFS.

Conclusion

Tumor vaccines and cellular immunotherapies enhanced OS and PFS in NSCLC. Cellular immunotherapy was found to be more effective than tumor vaccination. These findings have implications for future studies investigating combination immunotherapy in NSCLC.
Strengthening perinatal mental health services for families in London
Authors: Baldwin Sharin , Kelly Patricia
Published: July 2016

Their journey as Institute of Health Visiting Perinatal Mental Health Champions began in August 2013—and what a fantastic journey it has been, say Sharin Baldwin and Patricia Kelly.
Minor injuries and ailments. 7: Constipation
Authors: Tinsley Elizabeth
Published: July 2016

The exact cause of constipation in children is not fully understood, but many factors are thought to be involved, including pain, fever, dehydration, poor diet, poor fluid intake, psychological issues and reluctance to toilet train. If the constipation cannot be explained by anatomical or physiological abnormalities, it is referred to as ‘idiopathic’. If the constipation lasts longer than 8 weeks it is considered to be ‘chronic’ ( National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), 2010 ). As many of the causes of constipation are related to diet, behaviour and lifestyle, health visiting teams have an important role in preventing acute admissions and referrals to secondary services. This article will focus on managing and treating constipation in children at home; when parents should be advised to attend A&E; and when to call an ambulance.
Towards safer male infant circumcision: The health visitor's role
Authors: J Harbinson Michael
Published: July 2016

For many parents, male infant circumcision is an important part of their religious, cultural or family beliefs. However, non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision is no longer available via the NHS. Serious complications occur when circumcision is performed by unqualified, untrained or careless practitioners. Recognised and approved community-based circumcision services exist, but are unevenly distributed throughout the UK. Little information is available for parents to help them find good-quality private providers. Health visitors can play a vital role in seeing that interested parents understand the procedure and have all the information needed to access a safe and reliable service. This article gives an overview of the operation and offers guidance on how to access a proficient facility.
Barriers to disclosure of domestic violence and abuse in health visiting
Authors: Elliott Helen
Published: July 2016

Against a background of increased public concern about domestic abuse, and data showing a high prevalence of domestic violence against both men and women, this literature review examines the willingness of clients to disclose that they are victims of domestic abuse to health visitors and other health professionals. The review seeks to establish what factors are significant in encouraging clients to disclose domestic abuse or deterring them from doing so. It also aims to explore the health visitor's professional role in this area. While legislation such as the Human Rights Act (1998) and the Crime and Disorder Act (1998) place obligations on health visitors to respond proactively to signs of domestic violence, they may face practical difficulties in doing so. Findings indicate that clients may seek to repress signs of abuse and will only disclose when asked directly, emphasising the need for active encouragement and reassurance to allow clients to feel safe in talking about more general experiences. They also highlight factors such as lack of confidence, knowledge or training in preventing questions about domestic violence being asked. The review identifies a need for further research to gauge how domestic abuse is tackled in specific health visiting situations.
The implications of mobile working for health visiting practice
Authors: Abdu Lena , Cooper Kate
Published: July 2016

This article highlights the advantages, opportunities and risks of mobile working for health visitors and organisations, drawing on the experience of a small social enterprise that adopted mobile working among the health visiting workforce. Using methodology from the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement's Productive Community Services (PCS) programme, a hybrid module was developed using PCS modules specifically relevant to mobile working to assist the implementation of the project. Important insights are offered into what works well and what issues may need to be resolved, as well as the lessons learnt in the transition to mobile working for health visitors. Findings from this small case study highlight awareness of the wider implications of mobile working and health visiting practice. The study found that the approach taken to support the behavioural and cultural change required to embed mobile working is key and can lead to a continual cycle of improvement.
Language learning which reflects family traditions
Authors: Faux Karen
Published: July 2016

Karen Faux finds out how children at the Azbuka Russian-English bilingual school in west London move effortlessly between two languages, building confidence in core subjects and exploring different cultures.
Regulating behaviour and having respect for others
Authors: Sargent Marianne
Published: July 2016

In this extract from her forthcoming Practical Pre-School book, author Marianne Sargent outlines how fundamental British values support the characteristics of effective learning identified in the EYFS.
All about a sense of self
Authors: Johnson Theresa
Published: July 2016

Theresa Johnson, development manager at the Professional Association of Childcare and Early Years (PACEY) explains what is involved in evidencing children's personal, social and emotional development in this context.
Staying the course
Authors: Williams Brenda
Published: July 2016

After reading and discussing Brenda Williams' original poem, ask children to take part in their very own Olympic Games and help them to learn about competitive sports and participating countries.
Birds of a feather
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: July 2016

A focus on garden birds can enhance children's awareness of their environment. Lynne Garner suggests ways to help them to tune in to bird songs, whether your setting is based in the town or the country.
When parents part
Authors: Doyle Phoebe
Published: July 2016

Practitioners can provide strong support for both parents and children who are undergoing – or have undergone – partner separation, and can make a positive contribution to a child's sense of security.
Name to a face
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: July 2016

Judith Harries suggests ways to involve children in practical strategies to recognise their own names and the names of other children, which are particularly useful as a new group joins the setting.
Plant diversity after sixteen years post coal mining in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: KOMARA LIRIS LIS , CHOESIN DEVI NANDITA , SYAMSUDIN TATI SURYATI
Published: July 2016

Komara LL, Choesin DN, Syamsudin TS. 2016. Plant diversity after sixteen years post coal mining in East Kalimantan,Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 531-538. Post coal mining areas need to be rehabilitated through reclamation and revegetation. The objective of this study was to evaluate plant diversity after 16 years of revegetation activities in a coal mining reclamation site in East Kalimantan. In an effort to restore plant diversity, the coal mining company began by planting fast growing species as pioneers, then planting local species after three years. This study compared a 20 hectare reclamation site with conditions in the pre-mining area, which covered 14,988 hectares. Vegetation sampling was conducted in 20 plots measuring 20x20 m2 along line transects, with 100 m distancebetween plots. A total of 104 plant species were found in the reclamation site, consisting of 76 tree species and 28 herbaceous species. Tree species consisted of 35 planted local species (e.g., Dryobalanops aromatica, Eusideroxylon zwageri, Macaranga gigantea), 25 planted non-local species, and 16 local species that grew spontaneously (e.g., Leucaena glauca, Lansium domesticum, Shorea laevis). In comparison, 133 species were found in the pre-mining site, consisting of 132 local tree species, one non-local tree species (Acacia mangium) and 52 herbaceous species. Tree species diversity index in the reclamation site after 16 years post mining (i.e., 3.54) was stilllower than in the pre-mining area (4.29); while the diversity indices for herbaceous plants were relatively similar (2.97 and 2.67 in the reclamation and pre-mining sites respectively). The slightly higher diversity of herbaceous plants in the reclamation site may be attributed to higher coverage per species in this site, despite lower species richness.
ESTRATÉGIA EM ORGANIZAÇÕES: A PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA BRASILEIRA ENTRE 2003 E 2011
Authors: Marcon Rosilene , Bandeira-de-Mello Rodrigo
Published: July 2016

Este artigo analisa nove anos (2003-2011) da pesquisa em estratégia no Brasil publicada nos principais periódicos de administração do país, e nos anais do EnANPAD, na divisão de Estratégia em Organizações (ESO), e do 3Es. A amostra de 1524 artigos foi submetida à análise de conteúdo utilizando um dicionário de termos para classificação de temas e metodologias de pesquisa. Os principais resultados indicam a continuidade da predominância das pesquisas exploratórias por meio de estudos de caso qualitativos e a tendência de crescimento da pesquisa nos temas sobre negócios internacionais e sobre sustentabilidade socioambiental e ética corporativa. Apesar desses temas de pesquisa alinharem-se ao contexto nacional e mundial, o excesso de estudos exploratórios não aprofunda nem adapta os paradigmas teóricos existentes à realidade nacional, muito menos contribui para ser inserido em um fórum de discussão internacional. Palavras-chave: Estratégia em Organizações. Produção Científica. Metodologia de Pesquisa. Brasil. ABSTRACT This study analyzes nine years (2003-2011) of research on strategy in Brazil, published in the country’s main business administration periodicals in the country, and on the annals of the EnANPAD, in the division Strategy of Organizations (ESO) and the 3Es. The sample, consisting of 1524 articles, was submitted to content analysis using a dictionary of terms for classification of themes and research methodologies. The main results indicate the continued predominance of exploratory research, through qualitative case studies, and a tendency towards the growth of research on themes of international business, socienvironmental sustainability, and corporate ethics, Although these research themes are consistent with the national and global context, the abundance of exploratory research does not contribute or alter the existing theoretical paradigms of the Brazilian reality, nor does it contribute to the insertion of this community in the international forum of debate. Keywords: Business Policy and Strategy. Research Themes. Methodology. Brazil.
FEMINILIDADE NA GESTÃO: SENSIBILIDADE E SENSUALIDADE NA PERCEPÇÃO DE MULHERES GERENTES EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO FINANCEIRA
Authors: Bueno Janaína Maria , Domingues Carlos Roberto , Bueno Giovana
Published: July 2016

RESUMO As organizações são geridas, em sua maior parte, por pressupostos que reforçam a sua masculinidade e nelas, a produtividade, o desempenho, o lucro, a observância, a competência e a competitividade são representações de êxito e daquilo que se espera dos seus profissionais. Por outro lado, a feminilidade carrega em si características como a capacidade de compreender os outros, resolver problemas sem criar conflitos, o jogo de cintura, a emotividade, a flexibilidade, a humanização das relações, a habilidade de cativar os outros, a confusão entre o pessoal e o profissional que podem afetar uma organização de forma positiva ou negativa (CARRIERI et al., 2013). O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a sensibilidade e a sensualidade femininas na percepção de gestoras em uma instituição financeira. De abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa constituiu-se em um estudo exploratório com participação de onze gerentes por meio de formulário eletrônico e entrevistas. Os resultados apontam que elas percebem como mais positivos do que negativos os atributos da sensibilidade e da sensualidade no ambiente organizacional. Elas não deixam de apontar, entretanto, que o lado negativo pode prejudicar suas carreiras. Nota-se que, apesar de serem maioria nos cargos de gestão da organização estudada, elas ocupam somente cargos de média gerência. Palavras-Chave: Feminilidade. Sensibilidade. Sensualidade. Mulheres Gestoras. ABSTRACT Generally, organizations are managed by assumptions that reinforce masculinity. In this environment, productivity, performance, profitability, compliance, competence and competitiveness are representations of success and expected professional behaviors. On the other hand, femininity has features such as the ability to understand others and solve problems without creating conflicts, emotionality, flexibility, humanizing relations, the hability to captivate others, and a combining of personal and professional that can affect an organization in a positive or negative way (CARRIERI et al.; 2013). The aim of this study was to analyze the perceptions of women managers working at a financial institution concerning femininity, focusing on two aspects: sensitivity and sensuality. It used a qualitative approach, in na exploratory study with the participation of eleven women managers, who were sent an electronic questionnaire, and interviewed. The results indicate that the women perceive attributes of sensitivity and sensuality in the organizational environment to be more positive than negative. They point out, however, that the negative aspects could be detrimental to their careers. We note that although women occupy most of the managerial positions in the organization studied, they only have middle management positions. Key-Words: Femininity. Sensibility. Sensuality. Women Managers.