bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuição de familiares na idealização de cartilha educativa sobre cuidados à criança após alta hospitalar
Authors: Teixeira Raquel Cardoso , Santana Jhonatan Jhobber , Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Barcia Leila Leontina do Couto , Silva Mariana Tavares da
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: descrever as contribuições de familiares na idealização de cartilha educativa sobre cuidados domiciliares prestados à criança após a alta hospitalar. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida em hospital público no interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro, por meio de roteiro semiestruturado com 30 familiares de crianças hospitalizadas, cujos dados foram processados no Software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: o agrupamento em classes permitiu o elenco de tópicos a serem abordados na cartilha educativa, a saber: cuidado com a criança em si, ambiente domiciliar, roupa, banho, medicação, animal de estimação, tapetes, cortinas, identificação de quadros respiratórios, sintomas e da alergia à proteína do leite. Ademais, familiares almejam ser acolhidos pelos profissionais de saúde e a cartilha deve apresentar informações simplificadas, lúdicas e convidativas. Conclusão: os depoimentos dos familiares contribuem para construção de uma tecnologia educacional em saúde pautada nas necessidades da população-alvo, facilitando a continuidade do cuidado no domicílio após a alta hospitalar.
Produção científica sobre a saúde da população ribeirinha no território brasileiro: estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Silva Ricardo Luiz Saldanha da , Santos Evelyn Rafaela Almeida dos , Andrade Erlon Gabriel Rego de , Rodrigues Ivaneide Leal Ataíde , Nogueira Laura Maria Vidal , Silva Eliza Paixão da
Published: November 2023

Objective: to measure scientific production on the riverside population’s health in Brazilian territory. Method: a bibliometric study, with data collected in March and April 2023, using different databases, via the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Journal Portal and the online scientific library. Search strategies were developed with descriptors and keywords. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and Bradford’s, Lotka’s and Zipf’s bibliometric laws were applied. Results: the sample consisted of 35 documents, predominantly quantitative original articles, published in English and Portuguese, in from 2019 to 2022. Due to their publication numbers, five authors and four Brazilian institutions were highlighted. Four most influential journals, four most representative keywords and the main terms used in writing the objectives of selected studies were identified. Conclusion: it was evident that scientific production has increased in recent years, but it is necessary to strengthen the volume of studies on the topic.
O valor da teleconsulta de enfermagem no banco de leite humano na visão de enfermeiras
Authors: Ferreira Ediane de Andrade , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Barbosa Siomara Correia de Holanda , Muniz Thaís Renata
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: desvelar os significados valorativos das enfermeiras em um banco de leite humano, sobre a teleconsulta de enfermagem. Método: estudo fenomenológico sustentado na Teoria de Valores de Max Scheler, com a realização de entrevista fenomenológica outubro e novembro de 2022, ocorreu com cinco enfermeiras de um banco de leite humano na região metropolitana II do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados colhidos sucederam a análise temática de Bardin. Resultados: emergiram em duas categorias: A teleconsulta de enfermagem e as ações das enfermeiras no processo de doação de leite humano em tempos de covid-19 - um valor de expansão; A teleconsulta de enfermagem no cuidado de doadoras e lactentes assistidos no banco de leite humano – um valor útil em saúde. Conclusão: a teleconsulta foi compreendida com valores que ampliam e garantem o cuidado, melhorando a representação de acesso das usuárias, colaborando com a continuidade do AM e a doação de leite humano.
DESAFIOS NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA: ESTUDO DE CASO COM PROFESSORAS DE PORTUGUÊS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Rodrigues Flávia Regina Irigarrai
Published: November 2023

O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa é identificar desafios encontrados por professoras de Língua Portuguesa para a implementação do Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) e as possibilidades para garantir o acesso dos educandos às atividades. Os objetivos específicos são: (1) identificar práticas e recursos tecnológicos empregados por duas professoras de Português na Educação Básica; (2) analisar as formas como as professoras trabalharam atividades de interação com alunos no ERE; e (3) refletir sobre as atividades avaliativas empregadas pelas educadoras participantes da pesquisa e, a partir delas, as evidências de aprendizagem significativa por parte dos alunos. O referencial teórico da pesquisa é constituído por trabalhos e estudos da área de Linguística Aplicada (LA), que, dentre outros temas, se ocupa de investigar o ensino de línguas mediado por tecnologias. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, de Estudo de Caso, desenvolvida a partir das vivências de duas professoras de uma escola estadual de Quaraí, Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados indicam que a falta de capacitação para o uso de tecnologias e a ausência de infraestrutura para a devida implementação do ERE foram alguns dos desafios mais perceptíveis no contexto pandêmico. Ademais, vídeos foram alguns dos recursos tecnológicos mais empregados nas aulas de português; e a avaliação da aprendizagem foi uma das práticas educacionais mais prejudicadas no ERE. Apesar dos desafios, as professoras conseguiram desenvolver atividades mediadas por tecnologias, sobretudo a partir da reinvenção de suas práxis. Conclui-se que, futuramente, serão necessárias mais avaliações da aprendizagem por parte dos estudantes durante a pandemia de COVID-19.
Upstream reflections
Authors: Hartgerink Chris
Published: November 2023

Recently, I left the Upstream editorial team as a result of changing priorities. I figured it would be a good idea to reflect before I forget.
Criação e Reativação da Polícia Florestal no Distrito Federal de 1988 a 1990: Origens e Evolução da Polícia Militar Ambiental do Distrito Federal.
Authors: Pereira Margarido Fábio
Published: November 2023

As origens, legais, da atividade de polícia ostensiva da atual Capital daRepública Federativa do Brasil, se configuram com a transferência da antiga Capital, situada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro para o Planalto Central. Onde várias especializações de policiamento ostensivo foram sendo criadas, dentre elas a atividade de policiamento florestal. Após sua criação e funcionamento, veio a ser realocada, aonde suas atividades precípuas vieram a ser desvirtuadas, fato que levou, a atividade, ser encerrada por certo tempo. Após certo tempo, a atividade de policiamento florestal veio a ser reativada, fato que foi de fundamental importância para que seguisse seu curso e consolidasse sua existência, sua cultura e identidade na proteção ambiental.
SEGURANÇA E CIDADANIA: Construindo Caminhos
Authors: Ribeiro e Oliveira Paula
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo apresenta uma proposta de parceria entre Educação eSegurança Pública a caminho da Cidadania. O objetivo é aproximar a Comunidade Escolarda Polícia visando à qualidade nos caminhos de prevenção da violência na escola e noperímetro escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação orientada pelo projeto interventivoSegurança e Cidadania: Construindo Caminhos, que finda por caracterizar o ambienteescolar e identificar os pontos sensíveis que comprometem a qualidade da proteção aoensino e à aprendizagem. No intuito de otimizar a segurança nas escolas por meio daparticipação social, propõe-se um trabalho de formação por meio do curso: Polícia Cidadãem uma Perspectiva Escolar, com base nas diretrizes apontadas na Matriz CurricularNacional da SENASP (Secretaria Nacional de Segurança Pública). A proposta do curso étrabalhar, nas escolas de Ensino Médio, as seguintes temáticas: Segurança Pública Cidadã,Direitos Humanos, Relações Interpessoais, Mediação de Conflitos, Liderança e Construçãode Redes e Qualidade em Educação e Segurança Pública. Por intermédio docompartilhamento de ideias, experiências e práticas educacionais em conjunto com afilosofia de um agente comunitário comprometido com as questões sociais, visa-se adequara perspectiva da Polícia Comunitária à realidade de cada escola em busca de uma formaçãode Cultura de Paz. Uma Educação efetiva requer uma Segurança eficiente, muito embora,uma Segurança eficiente, apenas, exista por meio de uma Educação efetiva. É possívelconcluir, portanto, que Educação e Segurança são modelos indissociáveis e corroboram,mutuamente, valores de Cidadania.
A ‘Polícia da Polícia’: Percepção do Policial Rodoviário Federal sobre a Atuação da Corregedoria-Geral e Regional do Departamento de Polícia Rodoviária Federal
Authors: Borges Ferreira Leonardo , Ulisses de Carvalho Borges, Tatiana
Published: November 2023

A presente pesquisa buscou verificar a percepção dos policiais rodoviários federais a respeito da atuação das Corregedorias Geral e Corregedorias Regionais considerando o papel preventivo e repressivo dos mesmos no Departamento de Polícia Rodoviária Federal (DPRF). A pesquisa envolveu a aplicação de um questionário a 854 (oitocentos e cinquenta e quatro) servidores da carreira policial do DPRF lotados ematividades operacionais e administrativas em 26 unidades federativas brasileiras. Os resultados demonstraram que 70,96% dos participantes da pesquisa considerou como a ação preventiva mais importante ou muito importante a divulgação dos dados quantitativos por parte das Corregedorias sobre denúncias/apurações/penalidades contra servidores, enquanto dos 83,96% que afirmou conhecer algum servidor que já recebeu alguma punição decorrente de apuração das Corregedorias, 73,04% (ou setecentos e dezessete servidores) avaliou que as punições corretas.
Separation, hybridisation, and networks. Globular Amphora sedentary pastoralists ca. 3200-2700 BCE
Authors: Müller Johannes
Published: November 2023

Around 3000 BCE, a turning point occurred in Europe: Long-existing regional societies entered into a process of transformation. The result is a world in which new global communication networks brought different regions closer together. From 3200/3100 BCE, the Globular Amphora phenomenon (GA) was the trailblazer in Eastern and Central Europe. Due to a focus on pastoral subsistence, in comparison to more agrarian economic systems, new ritual practices formed in light of a more flexible form of settlement. We initially observe the symbolic separation manifested through the “Globular Amphora” in an area between the Lower Vistula and Middle Elbe. Communication networks form rapidly in the West (the Elbe-Network) and in the East (the Vistula-Podolia Network). The monopolisation of the practice of double cattle burials connected regional patterns of mobility in the lowlands between the Elbe and the Dniester. With the aid of spatial analyses of the systems of symbols (Zeichensysteme) on locally/micro-regionally produced Globular Amphorae, a proxy is developed for the degree of similarity of the GA-habitus in different regions. Bayesian modelling and spatial visualisations of the radiometric dates indicate temporal sequences and synchronic changes within the newly-developed “global” GA-connectivity. Genetic analyses attest to the indigenous character of the GA individuals in Central Europe. Both isotopic and ceramic technology analyses provide evidence for a mobility radius of up to 50 km for the local groups. In the main phase of the GA, the Elbe and Vistula-Podolia networks appear separated. In the West the core areas are in Bohemia/Moravia, the Middle Elbe-Saale-Havel area, and the north-western Baltic areas; in the East, they are along the Vistula, in Podolia-Volhynia, and in the Siret area. GA networks are mostly symbiotically connected with the local and regional agricultural groups. The GA is, among other things, heavily involved in the formation of the multicultural Corded Ware phenomenon. Its end in 2600 BCE is linked to processes of change which also affected the change from Corded Ware to the Bell Beaker phenomenon. Only in the eastern areas, where a strong reciprocal influence with elements from the Steppe existed, can GA still be found until c. 2400 BCE. The emergence of the GA networks is described as social separation on the basis of social disharmonies within the Funnel Beaker societies, which is also visible via a reduction of the human impact in the palaeoecological archives. A new connectivity of diversified groups developed as a form of levelling mechanism, which in the long-term was part of the transformation of the entirety of European prehistory around 3000 BCE.
Educational/Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences
Authors: Moon Jewoong , Choi Gi Woong , Bae Haesol , Byun JaeHwan
Published: November 2023

This is the Korean open access guide delivering the fundamental and integral ideas of instructional technology and learning sciences fields.
테크놀로지 교수내용지식 (TPACK: Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge)
Authors: So Hyo-Jeong , Choi Ji-Eun , Lee Chohui , Kim Yein
Published: November 2023

본 챕터는 TPACK을 개념적으로 이해하고자 하는 독자들을 대상으로 크게 (1) TPACK 개념 이해하기, (2) TPACK 연구동향 이해하기, (3) TPACK 연구의 주요 쟁점 이해하기의 세 부분으로 구성 되었습니다. 먼저 TPACK 개념 이해하기에서는 TPACK 개념의 역사적 배경 및 TPACK의 이론적 구성 요소들을 소개합니다. 다음으로 TPACK 연구동향 이해하기에서는 TPACK 연구를 크게 양적 연구와 질적 연구로 나누어서 주요 연구동향을 소개하고자 합니다. 현재까지 TPACK 분야의 연구는 양적방법론 연구의 양이 질적 연구보다 상대적으로 더 많으므로, 양적 연구는 예비교사와 현장교사 대상 연구로 나누어서 살펴보게 됩니다. 마지막으로 TPACK 연구의 주요 쟁점은 크게 쟁점 1 – TPACK은 이론적으로 타당한 개념인가?, 쟁점 2 – 왜 교사들에게 TPACK 발달이 어려운가? , 쟁점 3 – TPACK의 미래는 무엇인가?의 세 가지 질문들을 중심으로 기존 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구의 방향성을 논의하고자 합니다. 이를 통해 독자들, 특히 TPACK을 이제 막 배우기 시작한 학생들이나 연구자들이 TPACK의 개념을 단순하게 받아들이기 보다는 비판적 시각으로 바라보고 자신의 연구 및 실제 설계에 어떻게 활용한 것인가에 대한 판단을 돕고자 합니다
AI의 교육적 활용에 대한 개념 및 최근 연구 동향 고찰 (An Overview of the Concepts and Research Trends in Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Educational Contexts)
Authors: Kim Keunjuae , Bae Haesol
Published: November 2023

본 챕터는 인공지능 (Artificial Intelligence, AI)의 교육적 활용이 어떤 의미인지 개념적으로 이해하고 이와 관련된 최근 연구 동향을 고찰하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이에 따라 본 챕터를 (1) 연구의 배경 및 필요성, (2) AI Education의 개념, 관련 연구 및 주요사례, (3) AIED의 개념, 관련 연구 및 주요사례, 그리고 (4) 결론 및 제언 네 부분으로 구성하였다. 먼저 연구의 배경 및 필요성에서는 AI의 교육적 활용이 왜 필요한지 살펴보고 이에 따른 두 가지 흐름인 AI에 대한 학습 (Learning about AI)과 AI와 함께하는 학습 (Learning with AI) 대해서 개괄적으로 살펴본다. 다음으로 AI Education의 개념, 관련 연구 및 주요사례에서는 AI에 대한 학습으로서 AI Education의 개념 및 필요성을 소개하고 관련된 이론적 프레임워크와 주요 연구사례를 살펴본다. AI in Education (AIED)의 개념 및 필요성, 관련 연구 및 주요사례에서는 마찬가지로 AI와 함께하는 학습으로서 AIED의 개념 및 필요성을 소개하고 관련된 이론적 프레임워크와 관련된 주요 연구 및 사례를 살펴본다. 마지막으로 결론 및 제언 부분에서는 앞서 조망한 내용을 정리하고 기존 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구의 방향성을 제시한다. 본 챕터를 통해 독자들이 AI의 교육적 활용에 대한 개념을 이해하고 기존 연구의 한계점을 바탕으로 향후 필요한 분야에서 자신이 어떤 연구를 할 필요가 있는지 연구 쟁점 및 시사점을 발견하기를 기대한다.
협력적 지식형성과 소셜 네트워크 분석 (Collaborative Knowledge Building and Social Network Analysis)
Authors: Park Hyejin , Lee Jiyeon
Published: November 2023

본 챕터는 협력적 지식형성(collaborative knowledge building)과 소셜 네트워크 분석(Social Network Analysis, SNA)의 교육 분야에서의 연구 및 응용에 관한 내용을 다룬다. 협력적 지식형성은 학생들이 그룹을 형성하고 공동의 지식을 구축하며, 새로운 아이디어를 발전시키는 교육적 접근법으로, 이러한 활동을 지원하는 데 소셜 네트워크 분석이 어떻게 활용될 수 있는지를 탐구한다. 특히, 협력적 지식형성의 개념과 이론적 기초에 대해 논의하며, 이를 교실과 온라인 학습 환경에서 어떻게 적용할 수 있는지 설명한다. 또한, 협력적 지식형성 환경과 관련된 온라인 플랫폼 및 도구들에 대한 소개와 그들이 어떻게 학생들의 협력 및 지식 공유를 촉진하는지를 설명한다. 마지막으로, 소셜 네트워크 분석을 통해 학생들 간의 상호작용 패턴 및 지식 형성 프로세스를 분석하는 방법과 그 결과를 통해 학습 환경을 개선하는 데 어떻게 활용할 수 있는지에 대해 논의한다. 본 챕터를 통해 협력적 지식형성과 소셜 네트워크 분석이 학생들의 학습과 지식 공유를 촉진하는 데 어떻게 활용될 수 있는지에 대한 이해를 높이고, 관련 연구 및 교육 현장에서의 실용적인 응용 가능성을 탐구할 수 있을 것이다.
Im Wettlauf mit der Zeit
Authors: Kamil Abdulsalam Maryam , Roß Tobias
Published: November 2023

Die Ampel hat sich in ihrem Koalitionsvertrag bis 2025 eine umfassende Reform des Sicherheitsrechts vorgenommen. Wie so oft in dieser Legislatur kam ihr dabei jedoch etwas in die Quere – diesmal das Bundesverfassungsgericht. Karlsruhe erklärte im Herbst 2022 bestimmte Informationsübermittlungsvorschriften des Bundesverfassungsschutzgesetzes für verfassungswidrig – und setzte dem Gesetzgeber enge Fristen zur Reparatur bis Ende 2023. Nicht viel Zeit, um einen Kernbereich des Sicherheitsrechts neu zu justieren und zugleich in einem hoch volatilen politischen Umfeld angemessene Regelungen zu finden. Inzwischen liegt ein Gesetzentwurf vor, der allerdings an mehreren Stellen mit den Vorgaben aus Karlsruhe offensichtlich nicht zu vereinbaren ist.
Comparison Of Contraceptive Injection Between Monthly, Bimonthly And TriMonthly Combination Of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate With Estradiol Cypionate: Hemodynamic Effect, Weight Gain And Compliance Of Multicenter Clinical Trials, Phase III Randomization Study
Authors:   Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, Adenin Ichwanul , Sa’adi Ashon ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia, Fidel Siregar Muhammad ,   Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universi- tas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, Putri Lubis Hilma ,   Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia, Adriztina Indri ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Published: November 2023

Background: Monthly contraceptive injection, which consists of MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate) mixture with a low-dose estrogen preparate (25 mg MPA and 5 mg estradiol cipionate) is commonly used in Indonesia. It is less practical, because the subjects must visit health services every month. To reduce the imprac- ticality, it has been developed a bi-monthly contraceptive injection of 65 mg MPA and 7.5mg estradi- ol cypionate and a trimonthly contraceptive injection of 120 mg MPA and 10 mg estradiol cypionate. Method: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial - open-label conducted from March 2013 to May 2017 with a total sample of 1080. The study subjects consist of 3 groups. The first group was treated with bi-monthly injections (Injection A), the second group was treated with trimonth- ly injections (Injection B) and the third group was treated with monthly injections (Injection C). The blood pressure, pulse rate and body weight were measured since initial treatment and during each visit for 1 year of treatment. This clinical trial has been registered in the National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia with clinical trial number: PN.01.02.1.31.10.12.6669 Result: No significant differences of blood pressure between each group and during 1 year of in- jection in each group. We found significant differences of weight gain in each group during 1 year of injection (p<0.01), but we did not find significant difference of weight gain be- tween each group. Injection B shows the lowest percentage of dropout cases (1,21%). Conclusion: It can be concluded that bi-monthly injections and trimonth- ly injections are more effective than monthly injections for 12 months of use. They are safe to use, convenient in reducing doctor visits and have a high acceptability.
Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Stem Cell Therapy For Rare Genetic Disease Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors:   Cell Tech Stem Cell Centre Laboratory & Banking, Jakarta, Indonesia, Susanti Vinsk Deby , Cinta Vinski Natasha ,   Cell Tech Stem Cell Centre Laboratory & Banking, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: November 2023

This abstract summarises the studies on the use of umbilical cord stem cells to treat Prader-Willi syn- drome. Among the various stem cells found in the umbilical cord, hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells may create bioactive molecules that aid in tissue repair and regeneration, control immunological responses, and give birth to a variety of cell types. Because of this, they present a feasible option for treating the multidisciplinary character of PWS. Preclinical research on PWS animal models has shown promising outcomes, with umbilical cord stem cell transplantation improving metabolic disorders, hy- hypothalamic function, and general behavior. It has been investigated if immunological regulation, trophic support, and paracrine signaling are among the factors that promote stem cell therapeutic potential. Several clinical studies employing umbilical cord stem cells to treat PWS are now underway, and the findings should aid in assessing the advantages and disadvantages of using this approach on patients. The preliminary evidence is encouraging, since some trial participants improved in hyperphagia, mus- cular tone, and cognitive ability. Although the use of umbilical cord stem cells as a PWS treatment has shown some promise, further study is required to determine its long-term safety, optimal dose, and ongoing effectiveness. A variety of key elements, such as ethical issues, regulatory frameworks, and the availability of standardized stem cell products, will have a considerable impact on the future development of this treatment technique. SD is a disease known as a neurodevelopmental problem represented through problems with social communication, sensor sensitivity, and repetitive behaviors. Despite years of study, therapy options for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain relatively limited. As regenerative medicine has improved, stem cell treatment has been investigated as a novel therapeutic option for the underlying neurological disorders that underpin ASD. The development, possible methods, and potential uses of stem cell treatment for autistic children are discussed in this article.
Investigation of Biological Activities Catalytic Activity Antioxidant Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized By Using Mulberry (Morus) Leaf Extract
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, India., Ahmad Wani Shabir , Ahmadi Khatoon Bibi , Khanum Farhath ,   Department of Nutrition, biochemistry and Toxicology, Defense Food Research Laboratory, Sidharthanagar Mysore, India
Published: November 2023

Few decades ago, almost no one understood the importance of remark “There is plenty of room at the bottom” expressed by Robert Feynman until its reality appeared in the form of technology called nanotechnology, which has left its footprints in almost every field of science and technology. Nano- technology is based on two approaches i.e. Top-Down Approach and Bottom-up Approach. These two approaches include different physical, chemical and biological methods for the production of materials at Nano scale. Biological method, especially use of plant parts (green method) is strongly recommended nowadays due its unique features i.e. simplicity, biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. In the present study, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles through green method by using Mulberry leaves. The green synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Dynamic light scattering, Fourier transformer-infrared, and X-ray Diffraction. The nanoparticles were studied for their different activities, i.e. antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic activity, antioxidant activity, catalytic activity and cytotoxic activity.
Synthesis And Characterisation of Copper Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Lagerstreomia Speciose and Their Biological, Antioxidant and catalytic activities
Authors:   Department of Chemistry Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India, Ahmad Wani Shabir , Venkatesh Rashmi ,   Food Quality Assurance Division Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore, Karnataka, India., Ahmadi Khatoon Bibi ,   Department of Chemistry Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Karnataka, India., Khanum Farhath
Published: November 2023

Nanotechnology is gaining importance at tremendous rate in every field of science and technology. Researchers have developed a large number of different methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles; among this green route method is of great importance as it is eco-friendly and cost-effective. In this study we synthesized copper nanoparticles through green synthesis using a plant called lagerstroemia speciose. The formation of copper nanoparticles has been observed due to change in colour of extract solution. The sample solution was characterized by different techniques in order to find out the various physiological parameters like shape, size and nature of bonding. Plant extract acts as both reducing and capping agent .The various instruments used for characterization are DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR). Cups obtained were of size 35nm. The synthesized copper nanoparticles were studied for their anti-microbial activity, antioxidant, antidiabetic and catalytic activities and cytotoxicity.
The Effect of Phototherapy on Various Biochemical Parameters in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Dr SHASHI KANT MEENA  , Dr JAGDISH SINGH  , Dr DHAN RAJ BAGRI  , Dr NEHA AGRAWAL
Published: November 2023

Phototherapy (PT) is the current modality of choice for treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The effects of PT onvarious biochemical parameters including serum calcium, bilirubin profile, serum total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine,serum electrolytes in neonates are a concern in current times. Like any other treatment, PT also has its own side effects.This hospital-based, prospective, comparative observational study was conducted with the objective to assess the level ofvarious biochemical parameters like serum calcium, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum chloride, serum urea and serumcreatinine, serum total protein and serum albumin in addition to serum bilirubin before PT and after completion of 48 hoursof PT in full-term neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia at a tertiary care center. On comparing biochemicalparameters, a statistically significant difference in parameters such as bilirubin, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride,calcium, total protein and albumin was observed after PT. On the other hand, there was a statistically nonsignificant differencein corrected calcium (p = 0.945).
Not Practising Accepted Protocols While Examining a Patient
Authors: IJCP
Published: November 2023

MEDICOLEGAL
Analysis of the Composition of Personnel and Detention Policies in Weixian Concentration Camp during World War II
Authors:   Yixin Publisher, Zhang Hua , Zhang Xinying
Published: November 2023

The Weixian Concentration Camp was the largest camp established by the Japanese army to detain foreign nationals of Allied countries during World War II, and it carries significant political, cultural, and historical significance. By studying the reasons, characteristics, and lenient detention policies implemented in this camp, we can gain insights into the attitudes of the Japanese army and government towards allied expatriates in China at that time. This paper argues that the Japanese army generally adhered to international conventions in the detention of allied expatriates in China, reflecting their ‘friendly’ attitude towards these allied expatriates in China and their admiration for Western civilization.
A Study on the Ideological and Political Elements in Intensive Reading Textbooks for English Major Students: Taking ‘New English Course (3rd edition)’ as an Example
Authors:   Yixin Publisher, Mei Yong , Yuan Bo , Zhu Yutong
Published: November 2023

To explore and analyze the ideological and political elements in college foreign language textbooks is helpful to implement morality cultivation in English majors. The study, therefore, builds an analysis framework of ideological and political elements to analyze ‘New English Course’ in terms of the contents and the presentation methods. Firstly, in terms of contents, the results of content analysis show that the textbook meets the basic requirements of educating students, and the cultural and natural contents need to be strengthened. The details are as follows: 1. the dimensions of human and self-occupy the largest proportion, and the distribution of each category is related to the grade; 2. the dimensions of man and the world ranks second, among which the category of world knowledge is high, and the content of international vision needs to be strengthened; 3. the dimensions of man and the country accounts for a relatively small percentage, within which Chinese culture is presented in a variety of ways with low contents frequency; 4. the dimensions of man and nature accounts for the least proportion, mainly by providing nature knowledge to promote students’ awareness of nature protection. Secondly, in terms of the presentation methods, the study shows: 1. Reasoning behind facts is the most used method, while image is the least used one; 2. The frequency of direct reasoning represents a decrease over years, while the importance of argumentation appeared. Therefore, the study suggests: 1. Ideological and political elements are unevenly distributed, so textbook editor and writers should keep pace with time to promote students’ development; 2. The ideological and political elements of Chinese human spirit are insufficient, so both the textbook and English teachers should make efforts to improve students’ humane accomplishment; 3. The distribution of presentation methods needs improvement, and textbooks and teacher should work together to develop students’ critical thinking ability.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM MỘT SỐ CHỈ SỐ SINH HÓA VÀ HUYẾT HỌC Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH SỐT XUẤT HUYẾT DENGUE ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI TRUNG TÂM Y TẾ THÀNH PHỐ NAM ĐỊNH NĂM 2022
Authors: Lê Thị Thu , Bùi Thị Ngọc Hà , Lê Trung Kiên
Published: November 2023

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm một số chỉ số hóa sinh (AST, ALT), huyết học (WBC, PLT, Hct) ở người bệnh sốt xuất huyết Dengue (SXHD) khi nhập viện điều trị tại Trung tâm Y tế TP. Nam Định từ tháng 01 đến tháng 12 năm 2022, xác định mối liên quan giữa sự thay đổi một số chỉ số hóa sinh, huyết học với mức độ bệnh ở người bệnh SXHD điều trị tại Trung tâm Y tế TP. Nam Định từ tháng 01 đến tháng 12 năm 2022.Đối tượng và phương pháp: 270 người bệnh SXHD điều trị tại Trung tâm Y tế TP. Nam Định trong khoảngthời gian từ tháng 01 năm 2022 đến tháng 12 năm 2022. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang.Kết quả: Bệnh SXHD gặp ở mọi lứa tuổi và ở cả hai giới nam và nữ, chủ yếu gặp người bệnh SXHD (80,4%), SXHD có dấu hiệu cảnh báo (DHCB) là 17,4% và SXHD nặng chiếm 2,2%. Khi vào viện, nồng độ AST trung vị là 56,5 U/L, nồng độ trung vị ALT là 38 U/L, bạch cầu là 3,6 G/L, Hct 40,1 ± 3,84%, tiểu cầu 121,5 ± 47,5 G/L. Ở giai đoạn nguy hiểm: Có mối liên quan giữa mức độ giảm bạch cầu, tiểu cầu và mức độ tăng Hct, AST, ALT với mức độ tăng nặng của bệnh SXHD.Kết luận: Đặc điểm chỉ số AST, ALT và chỉ số bạch cầu, tiểu cầu, Hct khi vào viện và mối liên quan giữa mức độ giảm bạch cầu, tiểu cầu và mức độ tăng Hct, AST, ALT ở giai đoạn nguy hiểm của bệnh với mức độ tăng nặng của bệnh SXHD là cơ sở cho việc kiểm soát, điều trị và tiên lượng bệnh.
SUY GAN CẤP Ở BỆNH GAN MẠN TÍNH: TỪ ĐỊNH NGHĨA ĐẾN THỰC HÀNH LÂM SÀNG
Authors: Đới Ngọc Anh
Published: November 2023

Tổng quan: Suy gan cấp trên nền gan mạn tính là tình trạng nặng, nguy cơ tử vong cao, có thể xảy ra trênbệnh nhân khỏe mạnh không rõ chẩn đoán gan trước đây. Trên thực hành lâm sàng, nếu được chẩn đoán sớmvà đánh giá lựa chọn thời điểm phù hợp để tiến hành ghép gan sẽ giúp cải thiện tỷ lệ tử vong ở bệnh nhân.Phương pháp: Thông qua tất cả các nghiên cứu liên quan từ các hiệp hội gan mật lớn trên thế giới bao gồm Hiệp hội Gan mật châu Á - Thái Bình Dương, Hiệp hội Gan mật châu Âu và Hiệp hội Gan mật Bắc Mỹ.Khuyến nghị: Bài viết này nhằm nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc xác định sớm tình trạng ACLF từ đó đưa ra hướng xử trí kịp thời cũng như giải thích tiên lượng bệnh.
Formulating a Way Forward Strategy for Malaysia Cross Border Inland Port Using SWOT and TOWS Analysis
Authors: Lamsali Hendrik , Mad Lazim Halim , Osman Wan Nadzri , Salleh Mohamed Najib , Iteng Rosman , Tio Michael Boon Yiaw , Abdul Razak Muhamad Badrul Shah , Ja'afar Harlina Suzana
Published: November 2023

Malaysia holds the position of being Thailand's primary trading partner within the ASEAN region and ranks as the fourth largest trading partner overall. The bilateral trade between these two nations in 2020 amounted to nearly RM80 billion. The seaport in Malaysia has emerged as a preferred hub for exporters from Thailand. Nevertheless, the current cross-border inland port, known as the Padang Besar Inland Port (PBCT), exhibits constraints in its operational capacity. The rapid expansion of the economy in southern Thailand, along with the increasing need for cross-border freight transportation to the nearby Penang seaport in Malaysia, makes the future building of more inland ports across the border an inevitable development. Despite its significance, there is a paucity of detailed studies on inland ports along the Malaysia-Southern Thailand border. Further investigation is necessary to address the recent challenges pertaining to external threats and internal limits faced by cross-border inland ports. This study seeks to explore the present issues faced by the Malaysian cross border inland port and to analyze potential solutions for future development via the application of SWOT and TOWS analysis. The methodology employed in this study encompasses interviews conducted with important stakeholders, on-site observations, and desktop research. A SWOT analysis is conducted on the current cross-border inland port, followed by a proposition of employing a TOWS analysis for future cross-border inland ports. The highlighted findings pertain to major outcomes derived from interviews, on-site observation, and secondary data analysis. The establishment of successful inland ports requires the availability of strong supporting infrastructures and information systems, according to key findings. The development of adequate infrastructure, including well-connected road networks and direct rail links, should be a top priority for the government through NCIA. To reduce competition in the future, it is essential to forge strategic agreements with Southern Thai government and logistical companies. Significant opportunities are presented by the emergence of new markets, namely in the area of halal products and halal logistics. The government should also conduct a thorough assessment of the taxation of transit cargo. Overall, it is intended that the research would provide up-to-date perspectives on the Malaysian cross-border inland port as well as the strategic directions for the relevant authorities and inland port operators.
Developing a Sustainable Framework For Cross Border Inland Port
Authors: Lamsali Hendrik , Salleh Mohamed Najib , Mad Lazim Halim , Osman Wan Nadzri , Iteng Rosman , Tio Michael Boon Yiaw , Abdul Razak Muhamad Badrul Shah , Ja'afar Harlina Suzana
Published: November 2023

The significance of the cross-border inland port linking southern Thailand and northern Malaysia has experienced notable expansion over time, mostly driven by economic development and the substantial increase in export demand from the far east market. Currently, there are ongoing development activities for the establishment of two additional inland ports at the Malaysian border. The current capacity of the Padang Besar Cargo Terminal (PBCT), an inland port, is insufficient to satisfy the demand. The Thai government has recently unveiled a series of new projects and enhancements to logistical infrastructures in the southern part of Thailand, which are indicative of the potential for economic growth in the area. The necessity to perform this study arises from the current advancements and the absence of empirical investigation into the parameters associated with the sustainability of a cross-border inland port. This study aims to examine the various difficulties and aspects that can potentially affect the long-term sustainability of a transnational inland port. It will explore the challenges, critical success factors, and impacts associated with cross-border inland ports. Upon the culmination of the investigation, a conceptual framework for cross-border inland ports is put out, alongside a comprehensive evaluation of its potential effects. This study takes a mixed methodology approach, utilizing interviews, on-site observations, desk research, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for data collecting and analysis. The findings of the study brought attention to the three fundamental elements of the framework, namely challenges, critical success factors, and impacts. Additionally, the responsibilities played by stakeholders were identified, along with a proposed strategy for establishing a sustainable cross-border inland port. This paper also provides an analysis of the impact assessment of a cross-border inland port, focusing on the three pillars of sustainability: people, planet, and profit. The research is expected to offer significant insights that can be utilized for strategic planning and decision-making by the relevant governing body and operators of inland ports.
Green Tax Policy Model: Towards Green Growth Environment
Authors: Zainol Ariffin Zaimah , Sulaiman Aryati Juliana , Bidin Zainol , Muhammad Jamil Che Zuriana
Published: November 2023

The objective of green tax law is to promote green growth among companies, people and communities as well as environmental preservation. The Malaysian green tax law, however, is more concerned with tax incentives than with tax penalties. Evidence showed most companies in Malaysia are not even aware of the incentive-based tax and thus, do not include them as part of their strategies for environmental sustainability. The green tax penalty has become a popular environmental policy tool for many countries, but not in Malaysia. The Malaysian system of environmental taxes should include the green tax penalty. Therefore, this study aims to identify key drivers for companies to respond to the green tax policy. The study uses institutional theory to explore the driving force of green tax acceptance within companies. Institutional pressure suggests that the three mechanisms of organisational changes are coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures. Coercive pressure stems from political influences and the legitimacy problem; mimetic pressure results from a standard response to uncertainty, and normative pressure is associated with professionalisation. The study utilises the survey questionnaire to identify opinions, experiences and behaviours towards green tax acceptance among manufacturing companies. The population of the study is manufacturing companies and the unit of analysis is managers or accountants who represent the manufacturing companies and members of the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturer (FMM). The outcomes from the study confirmed the institutional theory to support the green tax reform acceptance for companies in Malaysia. The study also develops a green tax model that the government can take into account when enacting green tax reform so that companies can cooperate with Malaysia's green tax law. The study contributes to institutional theory by conceptualising the key drivers of green tax laws among Malaysian companies. The conceptualisation is used to formulate a structural model that explains the key drivers of green tax laws, and the structural model is tested against empirical data. A better understanding of factors influencing green tax policy acceptance is relevant to the government to strengthen the green growth environment and enhance awareness to create a shared responsibility among Malaysian companies.
Igualdad jurídica y vinculación del legislador: algunos pasos con huellas de una tarea inacabada
Authors: Villacorta Mancebo Luis
Published: November 2023

Sumario. I.EL CONSTITUCIONALISMO DEMOCRÁTICO Y SOCIAL:EL INTENTO DE ARMONIZACIÓN REAL DE LAS CONDICIONES DE VIDA.—1.1. Ideas previas.—1.2. Los antecedentes norteamericano y suizo.—1.3. Estado democrático y social e igualdad jurídica.—1.3.1. El cambio de naturaleza de la norma constitucional: consecuencias concretas para la igualdad.—1.3.2. El debate de Weimar y la nueva comprensión de la igualdad jurídica.—1.3.2.1. Líneas generales del debate doctrinal: las primeras manifestaciones de la «nueva doctrina» sobre la igualdad.—1.3.2.2. La formulación «clásica» de la denominada «nueva doctrina» debida a Gerhard Leibholz.—1.3.3. La consolidación de la «nueva doctrina» en el constitucionalismo democrático de la segunda postguerra y los intentos de evolución.—1.3.3.1. La consolidación de la «nueva doctrina».—1.3.3.2. La crítica, fundamentalmente científica, de la posición mayoritaria defensora de la nueva doctrina.—1.3.3.3. La denominada nueva fórmula surgida (o pretendidamente) a partir de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemán de 7 de octubre de 1980.—1.3.3.4. La discusión doctrinal en sus últimos estadios: perspectivas e insuficiencias.—1.3.3.4.1. Consideraciones previas.—1.3.3.4.2. El análisis «de arbitrariedad».—a) El análisis de arbitrariedad considerado en sus aspectos centrales.—b) El contenido del análisis de arbitrariedad.—1.3.3.4.3. El análisis centrado fundamentalmente en el control de proporcionalidad.—a) El análisis en atencióna la proporcionalidad.—b) El contenido del análisis de proporcionalidad.
La figura del concierto de servicios públicos locales como modalidad de gestión indirecta
Authors: Villalba Pérez Francisca
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. CONSIDERACIONES GENERALES PREVIAS.—II. SITUACIÓN NORMATIVA DEL CONCIERTO DE SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS LOCALES.—III.NATURALEZA JURÍDICA DEL CONCIERTO DE SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS.—IV. CONCEPTO Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL CONCIERTO DE SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS LOCALES.—4.1. Concepto de concierto de servicios públicos locales.—4.2. Características del concierto de servicios públicos locales.—V. RÉGIMEN JURÍDICO DEL CONCIERTO DE SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS LOCALES.—VI. RELACIONES JURÍDICAS ENTRE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN TITULAR,EL CONCERTADO GESTORY LOS USUARIOS DEL SERVICIO PÚBLICO LOCAL.
Los Gobiernos cesante y en funciones en el ordenamiento constitucional español
Authors: González Alonso Alicia
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. PLANTEAMIENTO GENERAL DEL TEMA.—II. CAUSAS QUE DETERMINAN EL INICIO DEL CESE DEL GOBIERNO EN FUNCIONES.—2.1. La celebración de elecciones generales.—2.2. La pérdida de la confianza parlamentaria.—2.3.La dimisión del Presidente del Gobierno.—2.4. El fallecimiento del Presidente del Gobierno.—2.5. ¿Existen otras causas de cese además de las previstas en el artículo 101.1 CE?—2.5.1. La incapacidad del Presidente del Gobierno.—2.5.2. Procesamiento y condena penal del Presidente del Gobierno.—III. JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL PERÍODO «EN FUNCIONES» DEL GOBIERNO.—3.1. La composición del Gobierno en funciones.—3.2. Ámbito de actuación positiva del Gobierno en funciones.—IV. LÍMITES DEL GOBIERNO EN FUNCIONES.—4.1. Consideraciones previas.—4.2. Las prohibiciones establecidas en el artículo 21 de la Ley del Gobierno.—4.2.1. Las prohibiciones previstas en la Ley del Gobierno respecto del Presidente del Gobierno.—4.2.2. Las prohibiciones previstas en la Ley del Gobierno respecto del Gobierno en su conjunto.—V. UN APUNTE SOBRE EL CONTROL DEL GOBIERNO EN FUNCIONES.—VI.CONCLUSIONES.—VII.BIBLIOGRAFÍA.
ALLI ARANGUREN, Juan Cruz (2004). Derecho Administrativo y Globalización. (Serie Monografías). Navarra: Garrigues Cátedra, Universidad de Navarra. Thomson, Civitas
Authors: Recoder Vallina Tatiana
Published: November 2023

Recensión de la obra: ALLI ARANGUREN, Juan Cruz (2004). Derecho Administrativo y Globalización. (Serie Monografías). Navarra: Garrigues Cátedra, Universidad de Navarra. Thomson, Civitas.
BLANQUER, David (2005). Contaminación acústica y calidad de vida. Un entorno de calidad para el turismo urbano. Valencia:, Tirant lo Blanch-Fundación Cañada Blanch, Serie Ocio y Turismo
Authors: Entrena Ruiz Daniel
Published: November 2023

Recensión de la obra: BLANQUER, David (2005). Contaminación acústica y calidad de vida. Un entorno de calidad para el turismo urbano. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch-Fundación Cañada Blanch, Serie Ocio y Turismo.
CALVO CHARRO, María (2004). Escritos de Derecho ambiental. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch
Authors: Fortes Martín Antonio
Published: November 2023

Recensión de la obra: CALVO CHARRO, María (2004). Escritos de Derecho ambiental. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.
La delegación del poder: ¿Es bueno que nos representen?
Authors: Pons Irazazábal Félix
Published: November 2023

Reflexiones sobre le delegación del poder: ¿Es bueno que nos representen?
¿Qué significa ser tolerante? Una (moderada) defensa de la intransigencia
Authors: Revenga Sánchez Miguel
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. LA TOLERANCIA Y EL SISTEMA DE LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES. II.—¿TOLERANCIA HACIA LOS INTOLERANTES? PROFUNDIZANDO EN EL SIGNIFICADO DE LA TOLERANCIA.—III. TRES POSICIONES FUERTES EN TORNO A LA TOLERANCIA: WALTER, SARTORI Y GRAY.
El Consejo Económico y Social de la Comunidad de Madrid. Qué es, cómo desarrolla su actividad y cuál es el valor público que aporta a la Administración de la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: González Cid Julián , Sánchez Domínguez Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. INTRODUCCIÓN.—II. ¿QUÉ ES EL CONSEJO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL?—2.1. Creación.—2.2. Calificación y naturaleza jurídica.—2.3. Régimen jurídico.—III. ¿CÓMO DESARROLLA SU ACTIVIDAD EL CONSEJO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL?—3.1. Funciones.—3.2. Actividad rogada.—3.3. Iniciativa propia.—3.4. Composición.—3.5. Órganos.—3.6. Funcionamiento.—IV. ¿CUÁL ES EL VALOR PÚBLICO QUE EL CONSEJO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL APORTA A LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID?—4.1. Balance.—4.2. Debilidades.—V. A MANERA DE CONCLUSIONES.
Financiación privada de las nuevas infraestructuras y servicios públicos
Authors: Alonso Timón Antonio
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. INTRODUCCIÓN.—II. VIEJO CONCEPTO DE OBRA PÚBLICA Y DE SERVICIO PÚBLICO VERSUS NUEVOS CONCEPTOS DE INFRAESTRUCTURAS Y SERVICIOS DE INTERÉS ECONÓMICO GENERAL.—III. TIPOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN Y FINANCIACIÓN DE INFRAESTRUCTURAS PÚBLICAS.—3.1. Financiación pública directa.—3.2. Financiación pública indirecta.—3.3. Financiación pública diferida.—3.4. Financiación pública no presupuestaria.—3.5. Financiación privada o mixta.—3.5.1. El régimen concesional.—3.5.1.1. El Project Finance.—3.5.1.2. El PFI.—3.5.1.3. El PPP.—3.5.2. Formas de financiación del concesionario en la utilización de todas estas técnicas.—3.5.2.1. Emisión de bonos u obligaciones.—3.5.2.2. Préstamo hipotecario.—3.5.2.3. Titulización.—3.5.2.4. Créditos participativos.—IV. LA CORTA EXPERIENCIA ESPAÑOLA EN LA UTILIZACIÓN DE ESTAS TÉCNICAS.—4.1. Los antecedentes históricos: regulación anterior a la Ley 13/2003.—4.2. La Ley 13/2003, de 24 de mayo.—4.2.1. Objeto del contrato de concesión de obra pública.—4.2.2. Riesgo y ventura del concesionario.—4.2.3. Mantenimiento del equilibrio económico del contrato.—4.2.4. Financiación de las obras públicas construidas mediante contrato de concesión.—4.2.5. Retribución del concesionario.—4.2.6. Zonas complementarias de explotación comercial.—4.2.7. Régimen económicofinanciero de la concesión: aportaciones públicas a la construcción y explotación de la obra y régimen tarifario.—V. CONCLUSIONES.
La circunscripción electoral del Congreso de los Diputados y el principio de igualdad del sufragio: una propuesta de reforma
Authors: Garrote de Marcos María
Published: November 2023

Sumario: I. LAS RELACIONES ENTRE LA CIRCUNSCRIPCIÓN ELECTORAL Y EL PRINCIPIO DE IGUALDAD DEL SUFRAGIO.—II. LA CONFIGURACIÓN DE LA CIRCUNSCRIPCIÓN ELECTORAL DEL CONGRESO DE LOS DIPUTADOS Y SUS EFECTOS SOBRE EL PRINCIPIO DE IGUALDAD.—2.1. La Ley para la Reforma Política de 1976 y el Real Decreto-ley de Normas Electorales de 1977.—2.2. El sistema electoral del Congreso en la Constitución de 1978.—2.3. La Ley Orgánica de Régimen Electoral General de 1985.—2.4. Los efectos sobre el principio de igualdad del voto.—III. ALGUNAS CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA DESIGUALDAD: ¿ES POSIBLE MEJORAR LO EXISTENTE?—IV. UNA PROPUESTA DE REFORMA.—V. A MODO DE CONCLUSIÓN.—VI. ANEXOS.—VII. BIBLIOGRAFÍA CITADA.