bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of therapeutic effects of camel milk against the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by fipronil and lead acetate and their mixture
Authors: Abdel-Mobdy Yasmin E. , Abdel-Mobdy Ahmed E. , AL-Farga Ammar
Published: January 2023

Elevated environmental pollution of lead and fipronil is blamed for chronic toxicity. Fipronil and lead acetate are commonly used, but now no adequate data is available concerning the harmful side effects of their mixture. The present work investigated the curative effects of camel milk against lead and fipronil subchronic toxicity individually and as mixture with different doses (1/30 and 1/60 LD50) on male albino rats by oral ingestion. Rats were divided into eight groups; the first group (G1) was the normal health control. G2, G4, G6, and G8 are the normal health groups camel milk. G3 and G4 are ingested by 1/30 LD50 of the fipronil formulation. G5 and G6 are ingested by 1/30 LD50 of lead acetate. G7 and G8 are ingested by 1/60 LD50 of lead acetate and 1/60 LD50 of fipronil formulation. The lead acetate or fipronil and their mixture significantly induced destructive damage to the kidneys and liver function parameters as well as lipid profile and oxidative stress in both organs. Serum LDH activity increased under the same conditions. Most harmful effects were clearly observed in G7 followed by G3 and G5. Histological examination revealed hepatic degeneration and nephropathy in intoxicated rats relative to normal health control, as shown by hypertrophy of hepatocytes in addition to karyomegaly, binucleation, and mild individual cell coagulative and mild hypertrophy, as well as a vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium in the kidneys. Both toxicants in their mixture showed more harmful than those of their individual ones. Camel milk treatments into intoxicated animals (lead, fipronil, and mixture groups) attenuated all evaluated parameters, alleviated the harmful influences of the mixture of lead acetate and fipronil, and improved the biomarkers of their oxidative stress.
Management of ground tire rubber waste by incorporation into polyurethane-based composite foams
Authors: Hejna Aleksander , Kosmela Paulina , Olszewski Adam , Zedler Łukasz , Formela Krzysztof , Skórczewska Katarzyna , Piasecki Adam , Marć Mariusz , Barczewski Roman , Barczewski Mateusz
Published: January 2023

Rapid economic growth implicated the developing multiple industry sectors, including the automotive branch, increasing waste generation since recycling and utilization methods have not been established simultaneously. A very severe threat is the generation of enormous amounts of post-consumer tires considered burdensome waste, e.g., due to the substantial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Therefore, it is essential to develop novel, environmentally friendly methods for their utilization, which would hinder their environmental impacts. One of the most promising approaches is shredding, resulting in the generation of ground tire rubber (GTR), which can be introduced into polymeric materials as filler. The presented work is related to the thermomechanical treatment of GTR in a twin-screw extruder with zinc borate, whose incorporation is aimed to enhance shear forces within the extruder barrel. Modified GTR was introduced into flexible polyurethane (PU) foams, and the impact of modification parameters on the cellular structure, static and dynamic mechanical performance, thermal stability, as well as thermal insulation, and acoustic properties was investigated. Emissions of VOCs from applied fillers and prepared composites were monitored and evaluated. Depending on the treatment parameters, beneficial changes in foams’ cellular structure were noted, which enhanced their thermal insulation performance, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. It was proven that the proposed method of GTR thermomechanical treatment assisted by zinc borate particles might benefit the performance of flexible PU foamed composites and hinder VOC emissions, which could broaden the application range of GTR and provide novel ways for its efficient utilization.
Grenzen politischer Repräsentation: Determinanten der Wahlbeteiligung bei Integrationsratswahlen in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Vierus Paul , Ziller Conrad , Marx Nicole
Published: January 2023

Die Wahl der Integrationsräte auf Kommunalebene ist für Nicht-EU-Ausländerinnen und -Ausländer faktisch die einzige Möglichkeit elektoraler politischer Interessenartikulation. Gleichzeitig sind die politischen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten von Integrationsräten begrenzt und die Wahlbeteiligung bei Integrationsratswahlen ist typischerweise deutlich geringer als die Wahlbeteiligung bei Kommunalwahlen. Das dadurch entstehende Repräsentationsdefizit für eine substanzielle, in Deutschland lebende Minderheit ist sowohl aus normativ-demokratiebezogenen Gesichtspunkten als auch vor dem Hintergrund der politischen Integration von Zugewanderten problematisch. In dieser Studie untersuchen wir Gründe für die oftmals gering ausfallende Wahlbeteiligung bei Integrationsratswahlen. Aufbauend auf etablierten Theorien zur Wahlbeteiligung beziehen wir allgemeine und migrationsspezifische Faktoren ein und analysieren Strukturdaten aus 2020 für 107 Gemeinden aus Nordrhein-Westfalen – dem Bundesland, in dem rund ein Viertel aller Integrationsräte in Deutschland zu finden sind. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen belegen, dass insbesondere die Involvierung etablierter Parteien sowie eine umfangreiche kommunalpolitische Beteiligungskultur mit einer höheren Wahlbeteiligung bei Integrationsratswahlen einhergehen. Migrationsspezifische Faktoren spielen hingegen eine eher untergeordnete Rolle.
Social Networks and Educational Decisions: Who has Access to Social Capital and for Whom is it Beneficial?
Authors: Lenkewitz Sven , Wittek Mark
Published: January 2023

This article investigates students’ access to social capital and its role in their educational decisions in the stratified German school system. We measure social capital as the availability of highly educated adults in adolescents’ and parents’ social networks. Using panel data on complete friendship as well as parental networks and the educational decisions of more than 2700 students from the CILS4EU-DE dataset, we show that social networks are segregated along socio-economic differences, which restricts access to social capital for socio-economically disadvantaged students. A comparison shows that parental networks tend to be substantially more segregated than children’s friendship networks. In addition, our results indicate that access to social capital is linked to academically ambitious choices—i.e., entering upper secondary school or enrolling in university. This relationship is especially pronounced for less privileged students.
Informiert = Geimpft? Das Informationsverhalten und die COVID-19-Impfentscheidung bei Studierenden
Authors: Schäfer Markus , Stark Birgit , Werner Antonia M. , Mülder Lina M. , Reichel Jennifer L. , Heller Sebastian , Schwab Lisa , Rigotti Thomas , Beutel Manfred E. , Simon Perikles , Letzel Stephan , Dietz Pavel
Published: January 2023

Eine zu geringe Impfbereitschaft zählt zu den größten globalen Gesundheitsgefahren und war in der COVID-19-Pandemie auch in Deutschland eine der großen Herausforderungen der öffentlichen Gesundheit. Die Identifikation potenzieller Einflussfaktoren auf das Impfverhalten ist deshalb für eine zielgruppengerechte Gesundheitskommunikation von großer Bedeutung. Studierende sind eine besonders wichtige Zielgruppe der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung. Der Beitrag geht mit Hilfe einer Online-Befragung der Studierenden einer westdeutschen Universität (n = 1398) im Sommersemester 2021 den Fragen nach, inwieweit sich geimpfte und ungeimpfte Studierende mit hoher bzw. niedrigerer Impfintention hinsichtlich a) ihrer Medien- und Informationsnutzung und b) ihres Vertrauens in Medien und Informationsquellen in der COVID-19-Pandemie unterschieden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen z. T. deutliche Differenzen. Während geimpfte Studierende sich intensiver informierten und hierfür auch stärker auf klassische Medienangebote zurückgriifen, vertrauten insbesondere ungeimpfte Studierende mit niedrigerer Impfintention u. a. mehr auf alternative Nachrichtenseiten und Blogs.
Bioeconomy as a promise of development? The cases of Argentina and Malaysia
Authors: Puder Janina , Tittor Anne
Published: January 2023

All bioeconomy strategies contain certain claims and promises, though these differ from one world region to another. Proceeding from an analysis of bioeconomy debates and the appropriation of the concept by key actors in Argentina and Malaysia, we argue that both countries regard the bioeconomy as a development strategy primarily geared towards the industrial upgrading of agricultural value chains. Its aim is to increase value added in the soy (Argentina) and palm oil (Malaysia) commodity chains by adding further domestic processing steps and developing new branches of industry. This is to lead to social and environmental upgrading and enable the countries to outgrow their subordinate role as biomass exporters. Referring to the world-systems approach and the global value chain literature, we argue that such upgrading strategies must be understood in the context of the hierarchical global division of labour and the position of individual countries in global markets. We show that the promises of industrial, social and environmental upgrading associated with hegemonic bioeconomy visions in Argentina and Malaysia have failed to materialise. Very few new jobs were created, while soybean and palm oil production continue to rely on environmentally harmful techniques. The socioecological long-term costs of the current production model remain unaddressed and unresolved, primarily because property relations and the underlying profit-oriented production model based on mechanisation, monocropping and a greater use of pesticides are never questioned. Should Argentina and Malaysia continue on their current paths, their chances of attaining the bioeconomy’s purported socioeconomic and environmental goals are very slim.
Perception of a need to change weight in individuals living with and beyond breast, prostate and colorectal cancer: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Heuchan Gabriella N. , Lally Phillippa J. , Beeken Rebecca J. , Fisher Abigail , Conway Rana E.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

People living with and beyond cancer (LWBC) are advised to achieve a body mass index (BMI) within the healthy range (≥ 18.5 and < 25). Not perceiving a need for weight change may be a barrier to achieving a healthy weight. This study aimed to explore factors associated with perceived need for weight change among people LWBC.

Methods

Adults diagnosed with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer were recruited through National Health Service sites in Essex and London. Participants (N = 5835) completed the ‘Health and Lifestyle After Cancer’ survey, which included a question on perceived need to change weight. Associations between perceived need for weight change and BMI, and perceived need for weight change and health and demographic variables, were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression, respectively.

Results

The proportion of participants perceiving a need to lose weight differed according to BMI category: healthy weight (23%), overweight (64%), obese (85%) (P < 0.001). Having overweight or obesity but not perceiving a need to lose weight was associated with being older, male, non-white, not married or cohabiting, and having cancer that had spread, no formal qualifications, no comorbidities, and having received chemotherapy.

Conclusions

Perceived need to lose weight is prevalent among people LWBC with obesity and overweight. This group may be interested in weight management support. Demographic and health factors were associated with having obesity or overweight but not perceiving a need to lose weight.

Implications for cancer survivors

Weight loss interventions for people LWBC are needed. A subset of people LWBC with overweight and obesity may need additional information or motivators to engage with weight management.
A novel prognostic model of methylation-associated genes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chen Meiyu , Zeng Zhao , Qin Wei , Cai Xiaohui , Lu Xuzhang , Chen Suning
Published: January 2023

Background

There is growing evidence that methylation-associated genes (MAGs) play an important role in the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the impact of MAGs in predicting the outcomes of AML patients.

Methods

The expression profile and clinical information of patients were downloaded from public databases. A novel prognostic model based on 7 MAGs was established in the TCGA training cohort and validated in the GSE71014 dataset. To validate the clinical implications, the correlation between MAGs signature and drug sensitivity was further investigated.

Results

76 genes were screened out by the univariate Cox regression and significantly enriched in multiple methylation-related pathways. After filtering variables using LASSO regression analysis, 7 MAGs were introduced to construct the predictive model. The survival analysis showed overall survival of patients with the high-risk score was considerably poorer than that with the low-risk score in both the training and validating cohorts (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the risk score system as a prognostic factor also worked in the intermediate-risk patients based on ELN-2017 classification. Importantly, the risk score was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor for AML in the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Interestingly, GSEA analysis revealed that multiple metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched in the high-risk group. Drug sensitivity analysis showed there was a significant difference in sensitivity of some drugs between the two groups.

Conclusion

We developed a robust and accurate prognostic model with 7 MAGs. Our findings might provide a reference for the clinical prognosis and management of AML.
The effects of preconceptions on directed forgetting - the example of e-learning
Authors: Huang Baolin , Fang Lele
Published: January 2023

This study used the item-based legal forgetting paradigm to investigate the effects of preconception type and material type on directed forgetting, and further explored the effects of preconception on directed forgetting of specific and gist memories through 2 experiments using static textual images and selected dynamic videos as experimental material in a simulated online teaching environment. The results showed that positive preconceptions induced directed forgetting of specific memory, while negative preconceptions enhanced directed forgetting of gist memory only. At the same time, static materials showed a directional forgetting effect, while dynamic materials did not show a directional forgetting effect. Static materials improve individual learning more than dynamic materials.
Equivalent Definitions of Very Strict CD(K,N) -spaces
Authors: Schultz Timo
Published: January 2023

We show the equivalence of the definitions of very strict CD(K,N) -condition defined, on one hand, using (only) the entropy functionals, and on the other, the full displacement convexity class $$\mathcal{D}\mathcal{C}_N$$

D

C
N

. In particular, we show that assuming the convexity inequalities for the critical exponent implies it for all the greater exponents. We also establish the existence of optimal transport maps in very strict CD(K,N) -spaces with finite N.
Safer school with near-UV technology: novel applications for environmental hygiene
Authors: Messina G. , Bosco R. , Amodeo D. , Nante N. , De Palma I. , Petri C. , Cevenini G.
Published: January 2023

Systems capable of disinfecting air and surfaces could reduce the risk of infectious diseases transmission. Aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of near-UV LED ceiling lamps, with a wavelength of 405 nm, in improving environmental hygiene. Between November and December 2020, we conducted an experimental study having a pre-post design in a kindergarten room in Siena where 4 ceiling lamps with 405 nm LED technology were installed. Twice per day, sampling was performed before (T0) and after treatment with near-UV (T1). We used between 8 and 12 pairs of contact plates to sample at various random spots each day. Air samplings were also performed. The plates were incubated at 22 and 36 °C. Significance was set at 95% (p < 0.05). The mean level of Colony Forming Unit (CFU) at T(0) was 249 (95% CI 193.1 – 305.0) at 36 °C and 535.2 (374.3 – 696.1) at 22 °C. The reduction was significant at T(1): by 65% at 36 °C and, 72% at 22 °C. Also, for air contamination: 95.3% (98.4—92.3). A dose threshold of about 5 J/cm2 was identified to have an 80% CFU abatement and remains nearly constant. The advantage of being able to use this technology in the presence of people is very important in the context of controlling environmental contamination.

Graphical abstract
Coarse geometric kernels for networks embedding
Authors: Saucan Emil , Barkanass Vladislav , Jost Jürgen
Published: January 2023

We develop embedding kernels based on the Forman–Ricci curvature and intertwined Bochner–Laplacian and employ them for the detection of the coarse structure of networks, as well as for network visualization with applications to support-vector machines (SVMs).
Does poverty increase antibiotic prescribing rates through underlying health conditions? Ecological study using parallel mediation analysis
Authors: Tarkhashvili Nato
Published: January 2023

Objective:

Effect of social determinants on antibiotic prescribing rates is poorly studied in modern literature. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of the prevalence of poverty (annual household income <$24,999) in each state on antibiotic prescribing rates in outpatient settings per 1,000 population through chronic health conditions (ie, prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) while also adjusting for confounders (ie, prevalence of population aged ≥65 years and physician density in each state).

Design:

Ecological study.

Participants:

Entire US population.

Methods:

Prevalence estimates from all 51 states were used to calculate direct, indirect, and total effects of poverty on the rates of antibiotic prescribing through parallel mediation analysis using linear regression with chronic health conditions (obesity, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) as mediators. I obtained these data from point-prevalence estimates of 2020 survey results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for rates on poverty, obesity, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and population aged ≥ 65 years. I also used the Antibiotic Resistance & Patient Safety Portal for antibiotic prescribing rates per 1,000 population and the Association of American Medical Colleges database for the physician density per 100,000 population.

Results:

For every percentage increase in prevalence of poverty in each state, the antibiotic prescribing rate increased by 17.4 courses per 1,000 population (95% bootstrap confidence interval, 9.2–24.9) using indirect effects of poverty through mediators.

Conclusions:

Antibiotic stewardship programs should consider targeting social determinants of health along with underlying health conditions of patients being treated with antibiotics.
Blue justice: A review of emerging scholarship and resistance movements
Authors: Blythe Jessica L. , Gill David A. , Claudet Joachim , Bennett Nathan J. , Gurney Georgina G. , Baggio Jacopo A. , Ban Natalie C. , Bernard Miranda L. , Brun Victor , Darling Emily S. , Di Franco Antonio , Epstein Graham , Franks Phil , Horan Rebecca , Jupiter Stacy D. , Lau Jacqueline , Lazzari Natali , Mahajan Shauna L. , Mangubhai Sangeeta , Naggea Josheena , Turner Rachel A. , Zafra-Calvo Noelia
Published: January 2023

The term “blue justice” was coined in 2018 during the 3rd World Small-Scale Fisheries Congress. Since then, academic engagement with the concept has grown rapidly. This article reviews 5 years of blue justice scholarship and synthesizes some of the key perspectives, developments, and gaps. We then connect this literature to wider relevant debates by reviewing two key areas of research – first on blue injustices and second on grassroots resistance to these injustices. Much of the early scholarship on blue justice focused on injustices experienced by small-scale fishers in the context of the blue economy. In contrast, more recent writing and the empirical cases reviewed here suggest that intersecting forms of oppression render certain coastal individuals and groups vulnerable to blue injustices. These developments signal an expansion of the blue justice literature to a broader set of affected groups and underlying causes of injustice. Our review also suggests that while grassroots resistance efforts led by coastal communities have successfully stopped unfair exposure to environmental harms, preserved their livelihoods and ways of life, defended their culture and customary rights, renegotiated power distributions, and proposed alternative futures, these efforts have been underemphasized in the blue justice scholarship, and from marine and coastal literature more broadly. We conclude with some suggestions for understanding and supporting blue justice now and into the future.
Hart on Legal Powers as Legal Competences
Authors: Kramer Matthew H.
Published: January 2023

This paper first recapitulates the objections by H.L.A. Hart to the ways in which John Austin’s command model of law obfuscated the importance and the very existence of power-conferring laws. Although those objections are familiar in the world of contemporary legal philosophy, their insightfulness is highlighted here because they contrast so sharply with Hart’s own neglect of power-conferring laws at some key junctures in his theorizing. In the second half of this paper, I ponder a few of the junctures where Hart failed to heed the admonitions which he had so deftly leveled against Austin.
Criminal Procedure and Human Rights in Morocco: A Profound Dilemma
Authors: El Baaj Mustapha
Published: January 2023

The meeting between the imperatives of criminal procedure, as legal instruments of the State, and human rights generates a confrontation at one time or another. Procedural formalities tend to protect society from the scourge of crime, while human rights imply respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. However, implementing procedural formalities inevitably prevents the exercise of certain human rights. This article addresses this clash within the context of legal developments in Morocco since the promulgation of the 2011 Constitution. It highlights the extensive transformations in Morocco since 2011, the main objective of which was strengthening human rights and consolidating the rule of law. The most remarkable transformation undoubtedly remains the independence of the judiciary and the complete emancipation of the Public Prosecutor’s Office from the Minister of Justice’s power.
Predicting radial profiles for jets with arbitrary buoyancy
Authors: Milton-McGurk L. , Williamson N. , Armfield S.W.
Published: January 2023

The present study investigates the profiles of statistically axisymmetric turbulent jets with arbitrary buoyancy. Analytical expressions for the shape of the radial velocity, Reynolds stress and radial scalar flux profiles are derived from the governing equations by assuming self-similar Gaussian mean velocity and scalar profiles. Previously these have only been derived for the special cases of pure jets and plumes, whereas the present study generalises them to arbitrary buoyancies. These are then used to derive analytical expressions for the turbulent Schmidt/Prandtl numbers, which, along with the mean profiles, are shown to give predictions in agreement with existing literature.
The Ideologies of Organized Interests and Amicus Curiae Briefs: Large-Scale, Social Network Imputation of Ideal Points
Authors: Abi-Hassan Sahar , Box-Steffensmeier Janet M. , Christenson Dino P. , Kaufman Aaron R. , Libgober Brian
Published: January 2023

Interest group ideology is theoretically and empirically critical in the study of American politics, yet our measurement of this key concept is lacking both in scope and time. By leveraging network science and ideal point estimation, we provide a novel measure of ideology for amicus curiae briefs and organized interests with accompanying uncertainty estimates. Our Amicus Curiae Network scores cover more than 12,000 unique groups and more than 11,000 briefs across 95 years, providing the largest and longest measure of organized interest ideologies to date. Substantively, the scores reveal that: interests before the Court are ideologically polarized, despite variance in their coalition strategies; interests that donate to campaigns are more conservative and balanced than those that do not; and amicus curiae briefs were more common from liberal organizations until the 1980s, with ideological representation virtually balanced since then.
Behaviour of solutions to p-Laplacian with Robin boundary conditions as p goes to 1
Authors: Della Pietra Francesco , Oliva Francescantonio , Segura de León Sergio
Published: January 2023

We study the asymptotic behaviour, as $p\to 1^+$, of the solutions of the following inhomogeneous Robin boundary value problem:
P\begin{equation*} \begin{cases} \displaystyle -\Delta_p u_p = f & \text{ in }\Omega,\\ \displaystyle |\nabla u_p|^{p-2}\nabla u_p\cdot \nu +\lambda |u_p|^{p-2}u_p = g & \text{ on } \partial\Omega, \end{cases} \end{equation*}where $\Omega$ is a bounded domain in $\mathbb {R}^{N}$ with sufficiently smooth boundary, $\nu$ is its unit outward normal vector and $\Delta _p v$ is the $p$-Laplacian operator with $p>1$. The data $f\in L^{N,\infty }(\Omega )$ (which denotes the Marcinkiewicz space) and $\lambda,\,g$ are bounded functions defined on $\partial \Omega$ with $\lambda \ge 0$. We find the threshold below which the family of $p$–solutions goes to 0 and above which this family blows up. As a second interest we deal with the $1$-Laplacian problem formally arising by taking $p\to 1^+$ in (P).
TRACES OF 14C EMISSIONS FOR THE OPERATION PERIOD OF TWO UKRAINIAN NPPS: RIVNE AND CHORNOBYL
Authors: Buzynnyi Mykhailo , Romanenko Oleksandr , Mykhailova Liubov , Lytvynko Alla , Panasiuk Mykola
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was a comparative retrospective assessment of radiocarbon (14C) as a tracer, caused by operational emissions of Rivne and Chornobyl nuclear power plants (NPPs), which are equipped with different types of nuclear reactors. For this purpose, 14C was studied in annual tree rings of pine taken at a distance of 1.5 km southwest of the Rivne NPP and at a distance of 3.5 km west-northwest of the Chornobyl NPP, near the Yaniv railway station. As a background, we use the 14C in air data (Hua et al. 2013), which we continue for time interval 2009–2020 with our experimental data for pine tree rings. Tree rings were also collected in a rural area 60 km west of Kyiv, where industrial impact, in our opinion, is absent. 14C in wood samples was determined using the conventional method based on liquid scintillation counting. It was found that the 14C excess in the annual tree-ring samples of pine near the Chornobyl NPP during the observed operation period (1984–2000) was 3.0–13.0 pMC, except for the 1986, the year of the Chornobyl accident, when the 14C value rose sharply to 182.7 pMC (14C excess 62 pMC). After 2000, the content of 14C in the air near the Chornobyl nuclear power plant did not exceed the background values within the uncertainty of the measured data. The concentration of 14C in the samples of annual tree rings of pine near the Rivne NPP for the observation period (1986–2019) corresponded to the background levels within the uncertainty of the measured data. The study of environmental traces of 14C emissions from two NPPs equipped with different types of reactors showed significantly lower emissions of Rivne NPP with VVER compared with emissions from Chornobyl NPP with RBMK reactors.
The Svalbard treaty and identity of place: Impacts and implications for Longyearbyen, Svalbard
Authors: Brode-Roger Dina
Published: January 2023

The Svalbard Treaty established Norway’s full and absolute sovereignty over the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. At the same time, it also established special territorial status for the archipelago, providing nationals of all signatory nations equal access to its resources. During fieldwork in Longyearbyen, conducted as part of a bottom-up exploration of place in 2018, several recurring issues came up in the analysis of interviews with residents using grounded theory methodology. Two of these issues, sometimes linked and sometimes seen as separate, were a questioning of the legitimacy of the community and a sense of geopolitical vulnerability. These emerging categories led to a series of focus groups, conducted between December 2018 and November 2019, that was designed to explore the impacts and implications of the Svalbard Treaty through the articulation of residents’ lived experiences in Longyearbyen. This paper examines the findings that emerged within an Identity of Place framing that point to an inherent conflict between the Svalbard Treaty’s special territorial status and the possibility of establishing a fully functioning local democracy in Longyearbyen.
Tone-driven epenthesis in Wamey
Authors: Rolle Nicholas , Merrill John T. M.
Published: January 2023

This paper argues that tone-driven epenthesis is possible in tonal languages. In Wamey, an epenthetic [ə] is inserted to host a high tone in two contexts: first, to host a tone which would otherwise be left floating due to a restriction on rising tones (/cv̀cⒽ/ maps to [cv̀cə́] due to a ban *[cv̌c]); and second, to host a tone which is introduced by word-level morphology but is restricted from associating across a stem boundary. These patterns cannot be attributed to syllable phonotactics, which freely allow all consonants in the coda position. We assemble the evidence for tone-driven epenthesis, focusing on the distribution of final [ə] in lexical stem structure and [ə]-alternating suffixes. A simple OT analysis derives [ə]-epenthesis, utilising common constraints (e.g. *Rise, OCP(H), etc.) together with constraints against associating tone across prosodic boundaries. In total, Wamey epenthesis exemplifies the cultivation of segmental environments for the purpose of realising pitch targets.
Structure of psychopathology in adolescents and its association with high-risk personality traits
Authors: Lynch Samantha J. , Sunderland Matthew , Forbes Miriam K. , Teesson Maree , Newton Nicola C. , Chapman Cath
Published: January 2023

The present study examined high-risk personality traits and associations with psychopathology across multiple levels of a hierarchical-dimensional model of psychopathology in a large adolescent, general population sample. Confirmatory factor analyses were run using data from two randomized controlled trials of Australian adolescents (N = 8,654, mean age = 13.01 years, 52% female). A higher-order model – comprised of general psychopathology, fear, distress, alcohol use/harms, and conduct/inattention dimensions – was selected based on model fit, reliability, and replicability. Indirect-effects models were estimated to examine the unique associations between high-risk personality traits (anxiety sensitivity, negative thinking, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) and general and specific dimensions and symptoms of psychopathology. All personality traits were positively associated with general psychopathology. After accounting for general psychopathology, anxiety sensitivity was positively associated with fear; negative thinking was positively associated with distress; impulsivity was positively associated with conduct/inattention; and sensation seeking was positively associated with alcohol use/harms and conduct/inattention, and negatively associated with fear. Several significant associations between personality traits and individual symptoms remained after accounting for general and specific psychopathology. These findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying structure of psychopathology among adolescents and have implications for the development of personality-based prevention and early intervention programs.
Do insecure adult attachment styles mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and violent behavior?
Authors: Papalia Nina , Widom Cathy Spatz
Published: January 2023

Attachment theory has played an important role in attempts to understand the “cycle of violence,” where maltreated children are at increased risk for perpetrating violence later in life. However, little is known empirically about whether adult attachment insecurity in close relationships may partly explain the link between childhood maltreatment and violent behavior. This study aimed to address this gap using data from a prospective longitudinal study of documented childhood abuse and neglect cases and demographically matched controls (ages 0–11 years), who were followed into adulthood and interviewed (N = 892). Participants completed the Relationship Scales Questionnaire assessing adult attachment styles at mean age 39.54. Criminal arrest data were used to determine arrests for violence after the assessment of attachment through mean age 50.54. There were significant direct paths from childhood maltreatment and adult attachment insecurity to violent arrests after attachment measurement. Attachment insecurity partly explained the higher levels of violence in individuals with maltreatment histories. Analyses of maltreatment subtypes and attachment styles revealed that attachment anxiety appeared to mediate paths between neglect and physical abuse and later violence. There were no significant indirect paths from neglect or physical abuse to violence via attachment avoidance. Implications and future directions are discussed.
First Mexican records of Anthracotheriidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla)
Authors: JIMÉNEZ-HIDALGO Eduardo , CARBOT-CHANONA Gerardo
Published: January 2023

Anthracotheres are generalised artiodactyls that have an extensive record in the Cenozoic of Eurasia and Africa. In North America they have been collected in middle Eocene to early Miocene localities from the California Coast, the Great Plains and the Gulf Coast of the United States, with a single record from the early Miocene of Panama. Here we report few specimens from the early Oligocene (Ar1) Iniyoo Local Fauna of north-western Oaxaca, and the earliest Miocene of Simojovel de Allende, in northern Chiapas. This material has diverse features that indicate they belonged to the bothriodontineArretotherium, such as selenodont cristids associated with the protoconid and hypoconid, the absence of a premetacristid, and the crenulated enamel. They share withArretotherium acridensandArretotherium meridionalethe absence of a mesiolingual metacristid, but their general morphology and size indicate a close relationship toAr. meridionale. Nevertheless, in absence of better-preserved specimens, we decided not to assign the fossil material to this species. Specimens from Oaxaca and Chiapas are the first records of anthracotheres in Mexico. These new records link the previous ones from temperate North America and tropical Central America and indicate that Anthracotheriidae had a very wide geographical distribution in North America during the Palaeogene and the Neogene. Additionally, they represent the southern-most records ofArretotheriumin North America during the Oligocene and the early Miocene.
Transport Dynamics of Large Wood in a Stream Channel Affected by Spur Dikes
Authors: Akahori R. , Yamaguchi S. , Yabe H. , Shimizu Y.
Published: January 2023

The damage to river engineering structures induced by large‐wood (LW) jams is one of the significant problems in river management. For example, typical bridge damage in alluvial areas in Japan, such as wash away, is often caused by the accumulation of large wood materials. The densely transported large wood pieces are an important factor in the accumulation process. We investigated the influence of local flows generated by hydraulic structures on the initial stage of the concentration of large wood pieces. First, we experimentally investigated the flow structures generated by spur dikes in a 0.6 m wide channel and the trajectory of large wood pieces. Then, we numerically investigated the influence of external force on the transport mechanisms of large wood pieces. We employed a simplified Basset‐Boussinesq‐Oseen model to evaluate each term of the momentum equation of the particles and calculated the trajectories of the wood pieces previously observed experimentally. The results showed that the transported large wood pieces were concentrated in low‐vorticity regions of the water surface. This tendency was more prevalent in short pieces (10 mm) than in long pieces (40 mm) because the influence of the relatively small‐scale patterns of the pressure gradient of the surrounding water surface might be spatially averaged for long pieces. This tendency has not been explicitly elucidated in previous works; thus, this knowledge is expected to be key in controlling LW transport, such as detecting the possible regions where LW jams occur or designing efficient inlet sections of LW retention facilities.
A Pathway for Northern Hemisphere Extratropical Cooling to Elicit a Tropical Response
Authors: Luongo Matthew T. , Xie Shang‐Ping , Eisenman Ian , Hwang Yen‐Ting , Tseng Hung‐Yi
Published: January 2023

Previous studies have found that Northern Hemisphere aerosol‐like cooling induces a La Niña‐like response in the tropical Indo‐Pacific. Here, we explore how a coupled ocean‐atmosphere feedback pathway communicates and sustains this response. We override ocean surface wind stress in a comprehensive climate model to decompose the total ocean‐atmosphere response to forced extratropical cooling into the response of surface buoyancy forcing alone and surface momentum forcing alone. In the subtropics, the buoyancy‐forced response dominates: the positive low cloud feedback amplifies sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies which wind‐driven evaporative cooling communicates to the tropics. In the equatorial Indo‐Pacific, buoyancy‐forced ocean dynamics cool the surface while the Bjerknes feedback creates zonally asymmetric SST patterns. Although subtropical cloud feedbacks are model‐dependent, our results suggest this feedback pathway is robust across a suite of models such that models with a stronger subtropical low cloud response exhibit a stronger La Niña response.
Primary and Secondary Gravity Waves and Large‐Scale Wind Changes Generated by the Tonga Volcanic Eruption on 15 January 2022: Modeling and Comparison With ICON‐MIGHTI Winds
Authors: Vadas Sharon L. , Becker Erich , Figueiredo Cosme , Bossert Katrina , Harding Brian J. , Gasque L. Claire
Published: January 2023

We simulate the primary and secondary atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) excited by the upward movement of air generated by the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (hereafter “Tonga”) volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022. The Model for gravity wavE SOurce, Ray trAcing and reConstruction (MESORAC) is used to calculate the primary GWs and the local body forces/heatings generated where they dissipate. We add these forces/heatings to the HIgh Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model (HIAMCM) to determine the secondary GWs and large‐scale wind changes that result. We find that a wide range of medium to large‐scale secondary GWs with concentric ring structure are created having horizontal wind amplitudes of u′, v′ ∼ 100–200 m/s, ground‐based periods of τr ∼ 20 min to 7 hr, horizontal phase speeds of cH ∼ 100–600 m/s, and horizontal wavelengths of λH ∼ 400–7,500 km. The fastest secondary GWs with cH ∼ 500–600 m/s are large‐scale GWs with λH ∼ 3,000–7,500 km and τr ∼ 1.5–7 hr. They reach the antipode over Africa ∼9 hr after creation. Large‐scale temporally and spatially varying wind changes of ∼80–120 m/s are created where the secondary GWs dissipate. We analyze the Tonga waves measured by the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), and find that the observed GWs were medium to large‐scale with cH ∼ 100–600 m/s and λH ∼ 800–7,500 km, in good agreement with the simulated secondary GWs. We also find good agreement between ICON‐MIGHTI and HIAMCM for the timing, amplitudes, locations, and wavelengths of the Tonga waves, provided we increase the GW amplitudes by ∼2 and sample them ∼30 min later than ICON.
The Impacts of East China Sea Kuroshio Front on Winter Heavy Precipitation Events in Southern China
Authors: Bai HaoKun , Hu HaiBo , Ren Xuejuan , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Zhang Yang , Mao Kefeng , Zhao Yihang
Published: January 2023

The wintertime Kuroshio sea surface temperature (SST) front has the significant climate effects on Southern China. The study demonstrates a close relationship between heavy precipitation over Southern China and Kuroshio SST front in winter. More than half winter heavy rainfall events in Southern China are proved to be resulted from strong High‐frequency Variability events of the sea surface Wind Coupled with Precipitation (HV‐WCP events) over Kuroshio SST front. One day before strong HV‐WCP events, the initial precipitation appears over Middle‐lower Yangtze River due to the significantly enhanced frontal intensity. Then, precipitation generates low‐level cyclone and southeasterly wind anomalies, after it moving into Kuroshio front area because of the winter monsoon. The significant marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) height gradient over Kuroshio leads to plentiful moisture transporting from MABL into the free atmosphere and enhances the local precipitation again. This process further causes the large‐scale stratus rainband extending to Southern China and enhancing the heavy rainfall locally. Especially in 2008 winter, several processes of a strong HV‐WCP event followed by continuous weak ones are conducive to the low‐temperature‐precipitation disaster in Southern China.
Timing and Origin of Compressional Tectonism in Mare Tranquillitatis
Authors: Frueh T. , Hiesinger H. , van der Bogert C. H. , Clark J. D. , Watters T. R. , Schmedemann N.
Published: January 2023

The lithosphere of the Moon has been deformed by tectonic processes for at least 4 billion years, resulting in a variety of tectonic surface features. Extensional large lunar graben formed during an early phase of net thermal expansion before 3.6 Ga. With the emplacement of mare basalts at ∼3.9–4.0 Ga, faulting and folding of the mare basalts initiated, and wrinkle ridges formed. Lunar wrinkle ridges exclusively occur within the lunar Maria and are thought to be the result of superisostatic loading by dense mare basalts. Since 3.6 Ga, the Moon is in a thermal state of net contraction, which led to the global formation of small lobate thrust faults called lobate scarps. Hence, lunar tectonism recorded changes in the global and regional stress fields and is therefore an important archive for the thermal evolution of the Moon. Here, we mapped tectonic features in the non‐mascon basin Mare Tranquillitatis and classified these features according to their respective erosional states. This classification aims to provide new insights into the timing of lunar tectonism and the associated stress fields. We found a wide time range of tectonic activity, ranging from ancient to recent (3.8 Ga to <50 Ma). Early wrinkle ridge formation seems to be closely related to subsidence and flexure. For the recent and ongoing growth of wrinkle ridges and lobate scarps, global contraction with a combination of recession stresses and diurnal tidal stresses, as well as with a combination of South Pole‐Aitken ejecta loading and true polar wander are likely.
Reduced Net CO2 Uptake During Dry Summers in a Boreal Shield Peatland
Authors: McDonald R. M. , Moore P. A. , Helbig M. , Waddington J. M.
Published: January 2023

Peatlands are globally important long‐term sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). However, there is concern that climate change‐mediated drying will reduce gross primary productivity (GPP) and increase ecosystem respiration (ER) making peatlands vulnerable to a weaker carbon sink function and potential net carbon loss. While large and deep peatlands are usually resilient to moderate summer drying, CO2 exchange in shallow Boreal Shield peatlands is likely more sensitive to drying given the reduced groundwater connectivity and water storage potential. To better understand the carbon cycling responses of Boreal Shield peatlands to meteorological conditions, we examined ecohydrological controls on CO2 fluxes using the eddy covariance technique at a shallow peatland during the summer season for 5 years, from 2016–2020. We found lower GPP in dry summer years. Mean summer water table depth (WTD) was found to be significantly correlated with summer total net ecosystem CO2 exchange (R2 = 0.78; p value = 0.046) and GPP (R2 = 0.83; p value = 0.03), where wet summers with a WT close to the peat surface sequestered more than twice the amount of CO2 than dry summers. Our findings suggest that shallow Boreal Shield peatland GPP may be sensitive to climate‐mediated drying as they may switch to a net CO2 source in the summer season when WTDs exceed a critical ecohydrological threshold for a prolonged period of time.
North Atlantic Drift Sediments Constrain Eocene Tidal Dissipation and the Evolution of the Earth‐Moon System
Authors: De Vleeschouwer David , Penman Donald E. , D'haenens Simon , Wu Fei , Westerhold Thomas , Vahlenkamp Maximilian , Cappelli Carlotta , Agnini Claudia , Kordesch Wendy E. C. , King Daniel J. , van der Ploeg Robin , Pälike Heiko , Turner Sandra Kirtland , Wilson Paul , Norris Richard D. , Zachos James C. , Bohaty Steven M. , Hull Pincelli M.
Published: January 2023

Cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology are now at the forefront of geologic timekeeping. While this technique heavily relies on the accuracy of astronomical calculations, solar system chaos limits how far back astronomical calculations can be performed with confidence. High‐resolution paleoclimate records with Milankovitch imprints now allow reversing the traditional cyclostratigraphic approach: Middle Eocene drift sediments from Newfoundland Ridge are well‐suited for this purpose, due to high sedimentation rates and distinct lithological cycles. Per contra, the stratigraphies of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Sites U1408–U1410 are highly complex with several hiatuses. Here, we built a two‐site composite and constructed a conservative age‐depth model to provide a reliable chronology for this rhythmic, highly resolved (<1 kyr) sedimentary archive. Astronomical components (g‐terms and precession constant) are extracted from proxy time‐series using two different techniques, producing consistent results. We find astronomical frequencies up to 4% lower than reported in astronomical solution La04. This solution, however, was smoothed over 20‐Myr intervals, and our results therefore provide constraints on g‐term variability on shorter, million‐year timescales. We also report first evidence that the g4–g3 “grand eccentricity cycle” may have had a 1.2‐Myr period around 41 Ma, contrary to its 2.4‐Myr periodicity today. Our median precession constant estimate (51.28 ± 0.56″/year) confirms earlier indicators of a relatively low rate of tidal dissipation in the Paleogene. Newfoundland Ridge drift sediments thus enable a reliable reconstruction of astronomical components at the limit of validity of current astronomical calculations, extracted from geologic data, providing a new target for the next generation of astronomical calculations.