bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intensidad de pastoreo y fertilización nitrogenada sobre la altura de Lolium multiflorum Lam. En un sistema de integración agricultura-ganadería
Authors: Beltran Barriga Pablo Antonio , Corrêa de Lima Rosangela , Brugnara Soares André , Simioni Assmann Tangriani , Canaza Cayo Ali William
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La intensidad de pastoreo y la fertilización nitrogenada en sistemas
integrados agricultura-ganadería (SIAG) constituyen los factores que influyen en la productividad de las pasturas y como consecuencia
repercuten indirectamente sobre la producciónanimal. Objetivo. El objetivo de la investigaciónfue evaluar el efecto de la intensidad de pastoreoy la fertilización nitrogenada sobre la altura delryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. ‘Winter
Star’) en SIAG. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó un diseño bloques completamente al azar con
arreglo factorial 2 x 2 x 5, con 3 repeticiones.El primer factor fue intensidad de pastoreo con2 niveles: alta altura (AA=25 cm) y baja altura(BA=10 cm). El segundo factor fertilizaciónnitrogenada: con nitrógeno aplicado al pasto(NP) en el invierno y N aplicado en el cultivode granos (NG) en el verano (frejol), ambas endosis de 200 kg.ha-1 de N. El tercer factor fueel periodo de evaluación (5 periodos). Se utilizó 
ryegrass italiano. Resultados. Se observó un leveaumento de la altura y heterogeneidad del pastoen la medida que la planta se desarrolló entre el
primer y quinto periodo, en todos los tratamientos. En el tratamiento AANP, se observó mayor
homogeneidad del pasto y un porcentaje mayorde las alturas (entre 10 y 25 cm), sin embargo,una menor homogeneidad con los tratamientosBANG y BANP en los que se detectó una mayorárea con alturas menores al límite crítico inferior(10 cm). Conclusión. Se concluyó que una menor
intensidad de pastoreo y fertilización nitrogenada, ofrece una mayor altura de pasto ryegrass y
una adecuada ganancia de peso de los animalesen el SIAG.
Systematic Cognitive Bias in the History of Philosophy and its Cultural Transmission
Authors: Nichols Ryan
Published: July 2020

This article argues influential eighteenth-century thinker Thomas Reid’s philosophical system gets infected with determinable cognitive biases when scientific claims jeopardize his core Christian commitments. These biases are most active, and led reliably to fallacious reasoning, when Reid writes about issues with implications on substance dualism and the human soul, and on the activity of supernatural agents in the material world. Falling into two halves, this article first presents cognitive biases (disconfirmation bias, motivated skepticism, selective attention), explaining the experimental context of their discovery and their sources in emotions. Next, the article walks through a series of textual case studies from published and unpublished writings that reveal the context, operation, and doxastic effects of these biases. Throughout special effort is made to empathize with Reid’s social context and its influence on his affirmation of fallacies in support of his faith.
Mathias Clasen, Why Horror Seduces
Authors: Jones Darryl
Published: July 2020

Mathias Clasen, Why Horror Seduces (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017). 190 pp.  £21.99 ISBN: 9780190666514
Exploring physiotherapists’ use of clinical practice guidelines, screening, and stratification tools for people with low back pain in New Zealand
Authors: Hill Julia , Bedford John , Houston David , Reid Duncan A. , Baxter G. David , Ellis Richard
Published: July 2020

Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability in New Zealand and is associated with significant treatment and societal costs. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for LBP increasingly recommend the use of screening and stratification tools to aid the early identification of psychosocial factors that can contribute to chronic LBP. This survey of New Zealand physiotherapists examined their use of CPGs, screening, and stratification tools in clinical practice, and identified their perceived barriers to using these tools. In total, 228 physiotherapists completed the survey. Over half of the respondents (53%) regularly used CPGs for LBP in clinical practice, with the Accident Compensation Corporation's New Zealand Acute Low Back Pain Guide being the most commonly used guideline (84%). Most (94%) respondents reported screening people with LBP for psychosocial factors; 37% used formal screening tools and 22% used risk stratification tools. Key perceived barriers to using CPGs, screening, and stratification tools included lack of training and exposure, time constraints, and lack of resources. An analysis using chi-square tests revealed significant associations (p < 0.05) between the use of screening tools, and postgraduate qualifications and years of experience. Further research is required to better understand whether a stratified model of care for LBP may be implemented in New Zealand and the supports required to ensure the success of such a model.
Logistic model to selection of energy cane clones
Authors: Borella Juliane , Trautenmüller Jonathan William , Brasileiro Bruno Portela , Oliveira Ricardo Augusto de , Bespalhok Filho João Carlos
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT: Logistic regression analysis is a technique that may aid genetic breeding programs in the selection of clones, especially in the early stages where experimental accuracy is low. This research aimed to identify the most important agronomic traits for energy cane clonal selection, and to verify the efficiency of the logistic model in predicting the genotypes to be selected. Evaluations were carried out on 220 clones in the first ratoon. The data were subjected to binary logistic regression analysis. Stalk number per meter was the most important trait in the selection of energy cane clones. In addition, plants with lower grade for smut incidence had a greater chance of being selected. The predictive capacities of the qualitative and quantitative models were 94% and 88%, respectively. The use of a qualitative model proved to be effective at predicting the number of energy cane genotypes to be selected and could be used as a selection strategy.
Influence of photobiomodulation on pain perception during initial orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: RUMÃO Welinton Lemos , VALDRIGHI Heloísa Cristina , FURLETTI Vivian Fernandes , GOUVÊA Giovana Renata , SANTAMARIA-JR Milton
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction Laser in low intensity (LLI) has been used to reduce the discomfort and pain that is triggered by the forces applied during orthodontic treatment. Objective To evaluate the effect of LLI application in the pain perception of periodontal ligament initial compression, during orthodontic tooth movement; and to compare the effect of this therapy between men and women. Material and method The sample consisted of 30 volunteers, who needed orthodontic band placement on mandibular first molars. After insertion of the elastic separators, LLI was applied to the mesial and distal apical region (wavelength 808nm, energy 2J, time 20s and fluency of 8.32J/cm2) and at three points on the root region (wavelength 808nm, energy 1J, time 10s and fluency of 4.16J/cm2) of the first molar (irradiated side) and compared to the contralateral first molar (non-irradiated side), in three time intervals: 0hs, 24hs and 48hs. Pain perception was evaluated by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), at 0hs, 24hs and 48hs after insertion, with significance of 5%. Result The pain level was observed to be significantly lower (p<0.05) on the irradiated side, irrespective of gender and time. Women presented a significantly higher pain level (p<0.05) than men, irrespective of time and side. There were no significant differences between the time intervals (p>0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that LLI reduced the perception of initial pain in patients in whom compression of the periodontal ligament was promoted by elastic separation, and that women had a greater perception of pain sensitivity in the time intervals studied.
Evaluation of the Residency Programs of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul from the residents’ view
Authors: KRÄMER Juliane , MARTINS Aline Blaya , DE MARCHI Renato José
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction The multi-professional residencies in the Health area started to improve after the Law n° 11.129 of 2005. They are a modality of Latu-sensu graduate education, with the purpose of training professionals to work in the National Unified Health System (SUS). Objective This study aimed to investigate the current situation, from a perspective of satisfaction with the training in Residency courses, with the residents of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Material and method It is a study with a mixed-methods approach. The quantitative section was conducted through the application of a questionnaire to all residents participating in the UFRGS Residency Programs in 2018. The qualitative part was conducted using the focus group technique. Result There were 81 participants in the quantitative component, and 14 residents of the Oral Health program participated in the focus groups. The quantitative results showed that residents received little or no guidance at the beginning of the program. The qualitative results showed questions that allow inferences about residents' dissatisfaction and lack of knowledge about the functioning of the Programs. Conclusion Residents recognize that there are still issues with program administration to be improved, and more especially, the recognition of the importance of the Residency Programs within the University.
Micrographic evaluation of different widia compositions of orthodontic pliers submitted to peracetic acid and intensive use
Authors: MARCIAL Érika Zoli , NEVES José Guilherme , CORRER-SOBRINHO Lourenço , MENEZES Carolina Carmo de , GODOI Ana Paula Terossi de , VEDOVELLO FILHO Mário , COSTA Ana Rosa
Published: July 2020

Abstract Introduction The sterilization and disinfection procedures should be adapted to the chemical profile of the metal alloys present in the instruments. Objective This study aimed to perform a micrographic assessment on the surface characteristics of the widia of orthodontic pliers with two alloy compositions subjected to the action of 0.2% peracetic acid and intensive use. Material and method Twenty distal cutting pliers were divided into two groups (n=10) according to widia composition (%wt): W1- 85% to 87% of tungsten carbide (TC) and other components in the proportion of 13% to 15% and W2 – 87.5% to 88.5% of tungsten carbide and 11.5% to 12.5% for other components. All the pliers were assessed in a stereoscopic magnifying glass (32x) after three treatments: before use (T0); after cutting 100 segments of rectangular stainless-steel wires – intensive use (T1); and after 100 sterilization cycles in 0.2% peracetic acid and intensive use (T2). The cutting sites of all pliers were standardized. Widia regions were defined by line “A” representing T1 and line “B” representing T2. A frequency distribution table and Fisher’s exact test (α=0.05) was performed. We assessed two widia from each composition and treatment in SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS/SEM). Result The results showed that W1 pliers presented significantly fewer defects after the sterilization cycles with peracetic acid and intensive use than W2 pliers (p=0.0198). There were no differences between both pliers after intensive use (p=1.000). Conclusion The SEM images and EDS analyses showed changes in widia surfaces after the different treatments. Widia composition affected the resistance of the orthodontic pliers after sterilization cycles with 0.2% peracetic acid and intensive use.
UMA PROPOSTA PARA REFLEXÃO DA UNIVERSIDADE SOBRE A EDUCAÇÃO MÉDICA NO PAÍS
Authors: Oliveira Jane Araújo
Published: July 2020

Resumo: As reformulações propostas para o ensino médico nos últimos anos introduziram poucas modificações na qualidade do profissional que se forma. Sugere-se que as novas propostas se encontrem sempre vinculadas a discussões sobre o tipo e o caráter ideológico na prática médica e que é necessário uma discussão mais centrada no próprio método clínico, definição de doença, doente e tratamento para enriquecer a questão do ensino e apontar, com mais clareza, algumas diretrizes. Afirma o autor, ainda, que a questão sobre o relacionamento saber - prática médica está presente nas reflexões dos profissionais, mas que é necessário ampliar os debates na Universidade para que esta exerça o seu papel de reflexão e cn1ica sobre o conhecimento e a prática decorrente.
MEDICINA GERAL COMUNITÁRIA: NOVOS RUMOS?
Authors: Bordin Ronaldo , Silva Jacqueline Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Os autores analisam os novos rumos do movimento dos médicos gerais comunitários.
CIRURGIA AMBULATORIAL - EXPERIÊNCIA DA LIGA DE CIRURGIA AMBULATORIAL DO CENTRO ACADÊMICO OSWALDO CRUZ DA FACULDADE DE MEDICINA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Rodrigues Jr Aldo Junqueira , Yamamuro Elisa , Speranzini Mauro M. , Speranzini Manlio B. , Oliveira Mario Ramos de
Published: July 2020

Resumo: O sucesso e a crescente valorização dos Centros de Cirurgia Ambulatorial, nos últimos anos, vem aumentando o elenco de operações passiveis de serem realizadas a nível ambulatorial. Neste contexto, a Liga de Cirurgia Ambulatorial representa uma nova filosofia de ensino aplicável em instituição universitária no sentido de proporcionar ao acadêmico de Medicina, habilidade profissional para solucionar parte considerável das necessidades de sua comunidade. Foram realizadas 169 operações, pela Liga de Cirurgia Ambulatorial, no período de julho de 1986 a março de 1987, coordenada e supervisionada diretamente por docentes da 3a Clinica Cirúrgica do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (Serviço do Prof. Mário Ramos de Oliveira). Nesta casuística não se observou nenhuma complicação no ato operatório. 82,24% dos casos operados foram seguidos até a alta ambulatorial. Houve 20 complicações pós-operatórias sendo duas de natureza infecciosa.
Projections of climate change in streamflow and affluent natural energy in the Brazilian hydroelectric sector of CORDEX models
Authors: Silva Marx Vinicius Maciel da , Silveira Cleiton da Silva , Silva Greicy Kelly da , Pedrosa Wanderson Hugues de Vasconcelos , Marcos Júnior Antônio Duarte , Souza Filho Francisco de Assis
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Long-term water and energy planning makes it possible to reduce social and economic impacts by avoiding episodes of interruption in water and electricity supply, essential services for several sectors. Thus, the analyses proposed by this study aimed at identifying the impact of climate change on naturalised streamflows and Affluent Natural Energy (NEA) projections for the Brazilian electricity sector using six models of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) project, based on the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios for the 21st century. The streamflows for the 24 stations representing the National Interconnected System (NIS) were estimated through the concentrated hydrological model SMAP (Soil Moisture Accounting Procedure), while the streamflows for the other stations that comprise the NIS were obtained by linear regression. The streamflows, as well as the productivity of the reservoirs, were used to calculate the NEA. The results showed that most of the models project possible reductions in annual naturalized streamflows and NEA for the three periods analyzed and for the North, Northeast and Southeast/Midwest sectors. Meanwhile, in the Southern sector, for the period 2010-2039, most of the models indicated an increase in the annual naturalized streamflows and NEA.
A “GUERRA DOS DEUSES” NO BRASIL: DA TEOLOGIA DA LIBERTAÇÃO À ELEIÇÃO DE BOLSONARO
Authors: Pleyers Geoffrey
Published: July 2020

RESUMO A mudança de um governo progressista para um país liderado por um presidente de extrema-direita em apenas alguns anos também é resultado de duas grandes mudanças que ocorreram nos anos 1980: a virada conservadora na Igreja Católica – e seus ataques à teologia e às práticas da libertação – e a ascensão concomitante de igrejas neopentecostais conservadoras. O impacto dessas mudanças foi pouco visível na arena política brasileira nas décadas seguintes, quando ativistas formados nas Comunidades Eclesiais de Base mantiveram seus compromissos progressivos em organizações, partidos e movimentos sociais estabelecidos. Em longo prazo, deixou um vácuo, logo preenchido pelas igrejas conservadoras neopentecostais, que atuaram como grandes incubadoras de militantes e eleitores de Jair Bolsonaro.
Saberes curriculares e práticas de formação de professores para o ensino médio: problematizações contemporâneas
Authors: Silva Roberto Rafael Dias da
Published: July 2020

Resumo No decorrer das últimas duas décadas, no Brasil, pode-se constatar uma situação paradoxal no que tange às políticas educacionais destinadas ao Ensino Médio. Ao mesmo tempo em que ocorreu um crescimento vertiginoso no número de matrículas para essa etapa da escolarização, constata-se um declínio da institucionalidade da escola e uma intensificação de certa gramática da crise pedagógica. Impulsionado pelas constantes reformas educacionais, nota-se um forte investimento político no Ensino Médio tanto com foco na formação de professores quanto na produção de currículos escolares ajustados às novas demandas da sociedade do século XXI. Assim sendo, o presente texto considera, analiticamente, as relações estabelecidas entre o currículo escolar e as recentes políticas e práticas de formação de professores para o Ensino Médio implementadas no contexto brasileiro. Apoiando-se nos estudos curriculares e em tradições da teoria social contemporânea, sobretudo os escritos recentes de Gilles Lipovestsky, serão examinadas três cenas de formação inicial de professores ocorridas em cursos no Sul do Brasil, desenvolvidos por instituições públicas e privadas de ensino superior. Em tais experiências parece evidenciar-se um declínio da legitimidade acadêmica nos recentes modelos formativos em favor de uma centralidade das práticas, de uma ludificação dos procedimentos e um esmaecimento dos saberes curriculares e de sua função pública.
Differences in land use modify Odonata assemblages in the Cerrado-Caatinga ecotone
Authors: Veras Daniel Silas , Lustosa Guilherme Santana , Moura Lucas Pereira , Ferreira Maria Fernanda Ribeiro , Juen Leandro
Published: July 2020

Abstract: Aim The present study tested the hypothesis that the composition of the odonate assemblages in environments with greater habitat integrity is significantly different from that of areas with reduced habitat integrity. Methods The samples were collected between April 2017 and November 2017 in eight streams in Caxias, in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. The habitat integrity index was used to quantify habitat integrity. The odonate specimens were collected by the fixed area scanning method. Results The habitat integrity index ranged from 0.265 to 0.915 at the different localities. A total of 229 specimens were collected, representing 19 odonate species. Species composition varied among streams that presented different degrees of conservation, with some species being typical of specific habitats. However, this variation had no effect on the number of taxa or the abundance of odonates, which may reflect the local substitution of extinct specialist species by generalists. Conclusions Evidence indicates that the reduction of habitat integrity is an important predictor of changes in the biodiversity of aquatic insects in streams such as those of the Cerrado-Caatinga ecotone.
CENTROS DE ATIVIDADES FÍSICAS E PROMOCÃO DE SAÚDE DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19
Authors: Cortez Antonio Carlos Leal , Pitanga Francisco José Gondim , Almeida-Santos Marcos Antonio , Nunes Rodolfo Alkmim Moreira , Botero-Rosas Daniel Alfonso , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: July 2020

Parece que esquemos que o mundo já enfrentara outras pandemias e, commaior ênfase, necessita combater outra pandemia, de natura diferente, representada pela inatividade física e hábito sedentário. De acordo com a OMS, somente no Brasil, doenças relacionadas ao sedentarismo matam 300 mil pessoas por ano e, no mundo, são aproximadamente 3,2 milhões de mortes anuais em decorrência desse comportamento prejudicial à saúde e qualidade de vida da população. Nesse sentido, questiona-se o porquê que, em alguns países do mundo, os centros de atividades físicas continuam fechados? Quando a própria OMS incentiva a manutenção da prática regular de atividades físicas como estratégia de promoção de saúde. Dessa forma, o referido ponto de vista tem como objetivo principal elucidar, através de evidências científicas, a importância e possibilidades de reabertura de centros de atividades físicas outdoor e indoor, visando à melhoria e manutenção da saúde e da qualidade de vida da população.
Different eGFR Decline Thresholds and Renal Effects of Canagliflozin: Data from the CANVAS Program
Authors: Oshima Megumi , Neal Bruce , Toyama Tadashi , Ohkuma Toshiaki , Li Qiang , de Zeeuw Dick , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Fulcher Gregory , Canovatchel William , Matthews David R. , Perkovic Vlado
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement

Traditionally, clinical trials studying effects of new therapies on renal outcome use the doubling of serum creatinine (equivalent to a 57% eGFR reduction) as an end point, requiring large sample sizes. Use of lesser eGFR reductions has been proposed, but few studies have evaluated their reliability. In this post hoc study of two multicenter, randomized trials, a greater number of observed events resulted from use of 50%, 40%, and 30% eGFR reductions compared with a 57% eGFR reduction. Observed effect sizes for canagliflozin versus placebo were attenuated when lesser eGFR reductions were used, likely because of canagliflozin’s acute effect on eGFR. However, if analyses control for this acute effect, lesser eGFR decline thresholds may be preferred to identify renoprotective effects of potential therapies because much smaller sample sizes can be used.

Background

Traditionally, clinical trials evaluating effects of a new therapy with creatinine-based renal end points use doubling of serum creatinine (equivalent to a 57% eGFR reduction), requiring large sample sizes.

Methods

To assess whether eGFR declines <57% could detect canagliflozin’s effects on renal outcomes, we conducted a post hoc study comparing effects of canagliflozin versus placebo on composite renal outcomes using sustained 57%, 50%, 40%, or 30% eGFR reductions in conjunction with ESKD and renal death. Because canagliflozin causes an acute reversible hemodynamic decline in eGFR, we made estimates using all eGFR values as well as estimates that excluded early measures of eGFR influenced by the acute hemodynamic effect.

Results

Among the 10,142 participants, 93 (0.9%), 161 (1.6%), 352 (3.5%), and 800 (7.9%) participants recorded renal outcomes on the basis of 57%, 50%, 40%, or 30% eGFR reduction, respectively, during a mean follow-up of 188 weeks. Compared with a 57% eGFR reduction (risk ratio [RR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.34 to 0.77), the effect sizes were progressively attenuated when using 50% (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.83), 40% (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.86), or 30% (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.93) eGFR reductions. In analyses that controlled for the acute hemodynamic fall in eGFR, effect sizes were comparable, regardless of whether a 57%, 50%, 40%, or 30% eGFR reduction was used. Estimated sample sizes for studies on the basis of lesser eGFR reductions were much reduced by controlling for this early hemodynamic effect.

Conclusions

Declines in eGFR <57% may provide robust estimates of canagliflozin’s effects on renal outcomes if the analysis controls for the drug’s acute hemodynamic effect.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS), NCT01032629 and CANVAS-R, NCT01989754.
Metin Türleri Bağlamında Az Gören, Görme Engelli ve Gören Öğrencilerin Yazılı İfade Becerilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ASLAN Cem , CAKMAK Salih
Published: July 2020

Bu araştırmanın genel amacı metin türleri bağlamında az gören, görme engelli ve gören öğrencilerin yazılı ifade becerilerinin incelenmesidir. Bu genel amaç için öğrencilerin yazılı ifade becerileri uzunluk, süre, bağdaşıklık, tutarlılık ve kalite değişkenleri açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırma grubu 111'i az gören, 113'ü görme engelli ve 120'si gören, toplam 344 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Öğrencilere anı, ikna edici ve bilgilendirici metin olmak üzere üç farklı türde metin yazdırılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programı aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi ve Post-Hoc Scheffe Testi kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin yazma süreleri, metin türü açısından farklılaşmamıştır. Metin uzunluğunda da anlamlı bir farklılaşma görülmemiştir. Bütün öğrenciler; en fazla süreyi anı, en az süreyi ise ikna edici metin yazarken kullanmıştır. Görme engelli ve az gören öğrenciler en fazla kelimeyi anı metninde kullanmışlardır. Gören öğrenciler ise en fazla kelimeyi bilgilendirici metinde kullanmışlardır. Metin türü açısından, görme engelli ve az gören öğrencilerin tutarlılık ve kalite puanları anlamlı farklılığa sahip değilken, gören öğrencilerin puanları anlamlı farklılığa sahiptir. Metin bağdaşıklığında, öğrenciler arasında farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonunda, bulgular, ilgili alanyazın çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Açık Öğretim Ortaokulu Türkçe Ders Kitaplarındaki Metinlerin Tür ve Tema Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: BULUT Kenan
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Açık Öğretim Ortaokulu 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metinleri, tür ve tema açısından incelemektir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde söz konusu kitaplarda hangi tema ve metin türlerine yer verildiği tespit edilmiş ve metin türlerinin kullanım sıklığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma kapsamında, 2018 Türkçe Öğretim Programı’nda yer alan zorunlu temalara ders kitaplarında yer verilip verilmediği, seçmeli temalar ile metin türlerinin hangilerine yer verildiği, hangilerine yer verilmediği, metin türlerinin temalara ve kitabın tamamına dengeli bir şekilde dağılıp dağılmadığına da bakılmıştır. Çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesine göre yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma materyalini, 2019-2020 Eğitim ve Öğretim Yılı’nda Açık Öğretim Ortaokulu 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflarında okutulan Türkçe ders kitapları oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler betimsel analizle çözümlenmiş, sıklık açısından değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda Açık Öğretim Ortaokulu Türkçe ders kitaplarının tür ve tema açısından zengin olduğu, kitaplarda zorunlu temaların yanı sıra birçok seçmeli temanın da yer aldığı, ancak Vatandaşlık, Duygular ve Hak ve Özgürlükler temalarına hiçbir sınıf düzeyinde yer verilmediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca Program’da olan bazı türlere ders kitaplarında yer verilmediği, bazılarına ise çok az sayıda yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir.
Türkçe Öğretiminde Virgül ve Noktalı Virgül İşareti Kullanımı Sorunu
Authors: KALFA Mahir
Published: July 2020

Tarihî süreçte noktalama işaretleri Türkçede kullanılagelmiştir. Çalışmada Türkçede noktalamanın tarihî süreciyle ilgili bilgilere de değinilmiştir. Türk dil bilgisinde ve Türk yazım geleneğinde uzun bir dönem dil bilgisinin konusu olarak ele alınmayan noktalama işaretlerinin kullanımı Türkçe öğretimi açısından son derce önemlidir. Çalışmada, Türkçe öğretiminde okuma, yazma becerileri açısından noktalama işaretlerine araştırmalar göz önünde bulundurularak değinilmiştir. Bugün dahi yazı dilimizde noktalama işaretlerinin kullanımıyla ilgili sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Yazıda, noktalama işaretlerinin işlevleri yazı dili çerçevesindetespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Noktalama işaretlerinin özellikle söz dizimiyle ilişkisi vurgulanmıştır. Virgül ve noktalı virgül, eğitimde sıralama ve sınıflandırma becerilerini kazandırmada önemli rol oynayabilecek unsurlardandır. Araştırmada, öncelikle ders kitaplarında noktalama işaretlerinin neler olduğu tespit edilmiştir daha sonra virgül ve noktalı virgülün kullanımıyla ilgili olarak ilkokul ve ortaokul ders kitapları incelenmiştir. Bu işaretlerin ele alınışları, etkinlikler içinde değerlendirilişleri araştırılmıştır. Virgül ve noktalı virgülün sıralama ve sınıflandırma becerilerine ilişkin ders kitaplarında basamaklandırılarak verilmesi gerektiği ifade edilmiş ve bu anlamda dil bilgisel öneriler sunulmuştur.
Mechanical behaviour of semi-rigid connections coupling two concrete segmental linings
Authors: Zhai P , Xu P
Published: July 2020

This paper describes the use of segment joints in shield-driven tunnel linings. The opening of segment joints due to the application of a bending moment under different levels of axial stress is studied. The main focus is the mechanical behaviour of the joints, which are considered to be semi-rigid, and the moment-rotation behaviour of the joint. A physically based mathematical model is proposed based on the joint dimensions and material properties. Considering joints connected by two long curved bolts as an example, the model parameters are evaluated, and the moment-rotation curves for the joint are presented. The model distinguishes joint behaviour before and after opening, and agrees well with the real mechanical behaviour of the joints. A comparison with previous experiments on segment joints and with Janssen's and Gladwell's models is provided, and the proposed model is found to be accurate and universal.
The liquefaction potential of the upper quaternary sands of the Cape Flats, Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Fouché N
Published: July 2020

Liquefaction of saturated cohesionless soils as a result of earthquake-induced ground shaking is a major concern for structures constructed within or on these soils. During an earthquake, shear waves propagate through the ground, generating shear stresses and strains that are cyclic in nature, causing the soil grains to rearrange into a denser state of packing. This process is too rapid for drainage to occur, which results in an increase in pore water pressure and a decrease in effective stress and shear resistance of the soil. The occurrence of a seismic event associated with the Milnerton Fault line extending below the Cape Flats, a low-lying sand-covered area connecting the Cape Peninsula with the southwestern Cape mainland of South Africa, can cause extensive damage to the largely inadequate infrastructure characterising the area. To evaluate the susceptibility of Cape Flats sand to undergo liquefaction during and after a seismic event, the empirical SPT-based method put forth by Idriss & Boulanger (2004) was used to assess the cyclic liquefaction potential of dense, dilative sands, whereas the CPT-based method published by Robertson (2016) was used to assess the volumetric response of the sands during undrained shear. Resistance of the Cape Flats sands to liquefy at probable earthquake moment magnitude and acceleration values of M = 6.0 and amax= 0.15 g respectively, was noted. Robertson's normalised Soil Behaviour Type (SBTn) chart revealed mostly dilative sands and silty sands susceptible to cyclic liquefaction. Loose, contractive sands prone to flow liquefaction are present, although limited in occurrence and extent.
Not a scintilla of light: Darkness and despondency in Yvonne Vera’s Butterfly Burning
Authors: Opora Chioma
Published: July 2020

The paper makes an attempt at exploring the concept of the absurd as it applies to Yvonne Vera’s Butterfly Burning. The inordinate quest for survival and human dignity is graphically etched on the sordid canvas of angst, grime and abject poverty. The author deftly links this quest with the quest of identity which is manifested in a stream of endless waiting. The world of the novel is patently portrayed as irrational. The absurd is depicted, in the vein of Camus, as the function of the conflict between the irrational world and the human being’s passionate desires. The grossly traumatised and colonised humanity in Makokoba, a microcosm of Southern Africa, represents a scathing human condition. The female protagonist Phephelaphi is cast as an emblem of a subjugated and struggling African person seeking an identity as well as self-fulfilment. Phephelaphi, as a matter of course, bears the Sisyphean burden which remains unmitigated for the stone continuously rolls to the foot of the hill. This futile, endless and laborious feat which is symptomatic of the individual’s relentless struggles on earth echoes the absurd in an irrational milieu. This is inextricably linked with an indomitable and immortal time against which African men, women and children contend as they are kept waiting in stark futility.
Educating citizen designers in South Africa
Authors: Bennett Audrey G.
Published: July 2020

Today, with decolonisation on the rise in the West, comes a timely compendium titled Educating citizen designers in South Africa edited by Elmarie Costandius, an associate professor of Visual Arts and coordinator of the Master of Arts in Visual Arts (Art Education) at Stellenbosch University, South Africa and Herman Botes, acting director of the Visual Communication Department at Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa. Educating citizen designers in South Africa proffers critical citizenship design education to confront the civic ramifications of historical colonialism and apartheid in contemporary South Africa. Together, Costandius and Botes lead a theoretically-fueled conversation with a group of design scholars from various South African educational institutions - including the University of Pretoria, The Cape Peninsula University of Technology, the University of Johannesburg, along with the editors' respective universities - on what constitutes critical citizenship design pedagogy in present-day South Africa. The co-editors state vaguely, and in a somewhat limited way, that the book aims to 'contribute to the critical citizenship discourse by offering a South African perspective' (Constadius & Botes 2018:iv), but they contribute something more important than that, two-fold. On the one hand, Educating citizen designers in South Africa disseminates findings from educational research on critical citizenship pedagogy in design; and in so doing it contributes a cross-disciplinary research perspective to a global conversation on critical citizenship in design already underway. For instance, in the west, key texts that have emerged over the past decade and a half include Developing citizen designers (Resnick 2016) and Citizen designer: perspectives on design responsibility (Heller & Vienne 2003). On the other hand, Educating citizen designers in South Africa also contributes to social transformation efforts locally (in South Africa) as well as on a global scale.
Evaluation of patient specific quality assurance of gated field in field radiation therapy technique using two-dimensional detector array
Authors: Jaroš Dražan , Kolarević Goran , Kostovski Aleksandar , Savanović Milovan , Ćazić Dejan , Marošević Goran , Totorović Nataša , Mirjanić Dragoljub
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Gated tangential field-in-field (FIF) technique is used to lower the dose to organs at risk for breast cancer radiotherapy (RT). In this study, the authors investigated the accuracy of the delivered treatment plan with and without gating using a two-dimensional detector array for patient-specific verification purposes.Methods: In this study, a 6MV beams were used for the merged FIF RT (forward Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy). The respiration signals for gated FIF delivery were obtained from the one-dimensional moving phantom using the real-time position management (RPM) system (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). RPM system used for four-dimensional computed tomography scanner light-speed, GE is based on an infrared camera to detect motion of external 6-point marker. The beams were delivered using a Clinac iX (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) with the multileaf collimator Millennium 120. The MapCheck2 (SunNuclear, Florida) was used for the evaluation of treatment plans. MapCheck2 was validated through a comparison with measurements from a farmer-type ion chamber. Gated beams were delivered using a maximum dose rate with varying duty cycles and analyzed the MapCheck2 data to evaluate treatment plan delivery accuracy.Results: Results of the gamma passing rate for relative and absolute dose differences for all ungated and gated beams were between 95.1% and 100%.Conclusion: Gated FIF technique can deliver an accurate dose to a detector during gated breast cancer RT. There is no significance between gated and ungated patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA); one can use ungated PSQA for verification of treatment plan delivery
The Numerical Model of Fish Growth Dynamics (On the Example of Okhotsk Atka Mackerel Pleurogrammus azonus)
Authors: Chetyrbotskiy A.N. , Vdovin A.N. , Chetyrbotskiy V.A.
Published: July 2020

A complex model of the system is proposed, the dynamic variables of which are the length, fish’s weight and the weight of its food lump. The model’s mathematical formalization is performed in terms of the ordinary differential equations apparatus. The solution to the parametric identification problem of the model is based on the author's representative sample for long-term observations. Computational experiments show that the representation of the indicators dynamics fish’s weight, length and the weight of the food lump is determined by some functions of the components from this set. The hierarchy of relationships between indicators determines the structure of these functions. It turned out that the dynamics of length is practically independent of the food lump’s weight, which in this case is an external energy source of the body’s vital activity. The energy “mediator” is body weight. The dynamics of body weight is determined by the weight of the food lump and the actual body weight. The negative coefficient calculated when solving the problem of parametric identification with body weight reduces the intensity of its dynamics. It seems that this coefficient reflects the expenditure of the body on the processes of its metabolism. The dynamics of length has a cumulative character (only positive gains). The body weight dynamics is determined by the accumulation and loss of vital activity of organic matter (positive and negative gains). The jump in the dynamics of weight is due to the high energy costs of fish for the intensive formation of reproductive products in the pre-spawning period and the energy costs of subsequent spawning. The dynamics of the food lump depends on the weight of the fish and is regulated by seasonal endogenous and exogenous rhythms of the fish's life cycle. Weight gain largely determines the intensity of nutrition than the diet determines the rate of weight growth. A measure of the adequacy between the model and sample distributions here is the correlation coefficient between them. In the case under consideration, it is close to its maximum (single) value, which indicates their high proximity.
Review of the article “Normotension — new approach in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy”
Authors: Perlin D. V.
Published: July 2020

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Transformation of Methodological Understanding about “Voices” and Versions of Interventions by Experts in the Field of Auditory Hallucinations
Authors: Sagalakova O.A. , Zhirnova O.V. , Truevtsev D.V.
Published: July 2020

An analytical review of the directions for auditory hallucinations (AH) interventions in the context of the development of ideas about the phenomenon of “voices” is presented. The transformation of methodological approaches evolves from the conceptualization of hallucinations as “perceptions without an object” and “production of sick brain” to an acknowledgment of the connection with the stimulus and the significance of the subject's activity; from the concept of AH as a symptom to the analysis of perception as a mediated activity, the differentiation of AH cognitive and perceptual models. Changes in conceptualization determine the contemporary goals of the intervention. In the cultural-activity approach methods are used to improve the psychological state based on the comprehension of the systemic nature of the defect in mental activity. The limitations of comparing the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy are shown. In the development of evidence-based intervention strategies the integration of cultural-activity approach thesis and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) models is productive. Within the framework of the “third wave” CBT and therapy based on social relations the leading techniques for adapting to “voices” are presented. Conceptualization the mechanisms of AH allows to move from the goal of intervention related to adaptation in defect – to distress reduction, increase the controllability of AH, to overcoming the consequences of psychosis.
Adaptive Status, Autistic Symptoms and Cognitive Profile in Patients with Monogenic Form of Autism Spectrum Disorders – Fragile X Syndrome.
Authors: Danilina K.K. , Gorbachevskaya N.L.
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes psychological data of a large group (55 males and 6 females) of subjects with monogenic form of hereditary cognitive impairment with autistic symptoms – Martin-Bell syndrome (FXS) at different age ranges (from 2 to 34 years old). As a result of the analysis, significant cognitive impairments were identified, which persisted throughout the studied age interval (IQ 50 ± 2.1 in males and 60 ± 5.6 in females). Autistic disorders were observed on average in 60% of subjects (less in females) and were most pronounced at 8-12 years. Use of Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale-2 (ADOS-2) allowed us to show that “Social Affect” scale makes the main contribution to overall score of autistic manifestations. Almost all subjects showed a significantly reduced level of adaptive skills. The lowest scores on “Communication”, “Socialization” and “Everyday life skills” scales were observed at the age of 8-12 years. With increase in age, subjects improved only on “Daily Life Skills” scale. It was also shown that a higher degree of adaptation and better nonverbal intelligence was observed in children with less severe autistic symptoms.
Natural Disasters and Life-threatening Diseases: Psychological Consequences
Authors: Kharlamenkova N. , Nikitina D.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of the theoretical and empirical study of the psychological consequences of the different types of stressors impact on humans. A frequency analysis of extreme stressful events was carried out on the sample n=529 people (from 17 to 41 years old, 233 men and 296 women). In order to study the psychological consequences of certain types of stressors – natural disasters and life-threatening diseases influence, an analysis of post-traumatic stress and psychopathological symptoms was carried out in the part of the sample (n=90 people). The k-means cluster analysis divided the sample into three groups, the first of which included mainly respondents who indicated life-threatening diseases, and the third one – natural disasters; in the second group, events were distributed evenly. Comparison of different groups data allowed us to verify the hypothesis of the study. Revealed that the psychological consequences of natural disasters and life-threatening diseases differ in the level of post-traumatic stress and psychopathological symptoms – depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoia and other symptoms, which are more pronounced in people with a severe somatic disease in anamnesis. The success of coping with psychological consequences of the various stressors influence is analyzed in the context of interpreting these consequences as a collective or individual trauma.
Experimental Study of the Features of Moral Concepts and Moral Regulation of Behavior of Children with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Shcherbakova A.M. , Lykova N.S.
Published: July 2020

The article focuses on the problem of development of moral sphere of personality of children with intellectual disability (mild mental retardation) in the context of development of their life competence. Personal outcomes are considered as one of the most important indicators of the formation of life competence. Particular attention is paid to the moral development of children with intellectual disability. The results of an experimental study of the characteristics of moral perceptions and behavior of younger students with mental retardation of 9-10 years old brought up in different conditions - family and institutional are presented. Students of a comprehensive school with a normotypic development were also involved. The sample was 76 people. A study was made of the moral position, and on this basis the prediction of one's own behavior and the behavior of others in solving moral dilemmas, as well as the actual behavior of the child in a situation of moral choice.
The Dance of Healing: Multiple Sclerosis and Yoga Therapy
Authors: Mayer Tania
Published: July 2020

Marilyn moves from her riding machine to her living room chair. Using both arms, she lifts her leaden leg onto the chair in preparation for doing a single leg forward bend. She adeptly holds her cane, like a trapeze, with both hands as she slowly bends forward.
Physiological and Psychological Effects of Hatha Yoga: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Arpita
Published: July 2020

The word "yoga" is commonly used to refer specifically to Hatha yoga stretching postures or generally to Hatha yoga programs that also include certain relaxation,breathing and meditation practices.

Such programs, however, represent only certain aspects of the comprehensive system that comprises the physical, psychological,philosophical, and spiritual components of yoga. In the generic sense, yoga means the practical aspect of a philosophy, — its methods and application. More specifically, it refers to the philosophical view of the world and the individual described in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali and related texts.
Reviews: Religious Therapeutics: Body and Health in Yoga, Ayurveda, and Tantra
Authors: Fields Gregory
Published: July 2020

Religious Therapeutics takes a masterful scholarly look at the relationship between the body, health and healing, and spirituality filtered through three traditional Hindu systems, Ayurveda, Patanjali's Classical Yoga, and Tantra. Author Gregory Fields,an associate professor of philosophy at Southern Illinois University (Edwardsville),divides the therapeutic focus into four general areas: religious meanings that inform the philosophy of health and medicine; the religious means of health and, conversely, health as a support to religious life; and religiousness itself as a cure for human suffering.
TOC & Editorials
Authors: Feuerstein Georg
Published: July 2020

This issue represents a joint effort between myself and Richard Rosen, who henceforth will serve as the journal's senior editor with me taking a more supervisory role as editor-in-chief. Richard has taught and practiced Yoga for many years and also is well informed about Yoga's philosophical/spiritual heritage-the journal will be in excellent hands under his editorship. Together we have assembled in this issue what we think is both a practical and horizon- expanding selection of articles.
Developing a Prenatal Hatha-Yoga Program for Integration with Existing Hospital-Based Childbirth Education Classes
Authors: Beyer-Nelson Kimberly
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the process of integrating a prenatal Hatha-Yoga program with an existing system of prenatal education classes. The focus site, BryanLGH Hospital in Lincoln, Nebraska, serves as both a specific example and a jumping-off point to begin to define more general guidelines for the creation of integrative Hatha-Yoga prenatal education models. Methodologies for program integration as well as class content selection and the issues surrounding class development are addressed.