bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Language Rights and Multilingualism in Vojvodina
Authors: Beretka Katinka
Published: November 2016

Stricken by civil wars in the 1990s, Serbia, a newly formed nation state with immature democratic institutions, has faced challenges stemming from the changed ethnic composition of the country. It has had to create complex language policies that take into account the legitimate demands of old, traditional national minorities, the undefined status of new national minorities born out of the Yugoslav secession, and the needs of foreigners. It also had to find an adequate legal-political position for its multilingual, multicultural autonomous province, Vojvodina. Because these challenges are actual still today, the article examines whether the Serbian legislator has succeeded in the preservation of the traditional, and promotion of the newly evolved multilingualism, especially in its multicultural northern province, and how the constitutional status of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina affects the enforcement of the language rights of its ethnically very heterogeneous population.
What is the radicate Oudemansiella cultivated in China?
Authors: HAO YAN-JIA , ZHAO QI , WANG SHOU-XIAN , YANG ZHU L.
Published: November 2016

A radicate Oudemansiella species, called “Heipijizong” or “Black Termite Mushroom”, has been widely cultivated in China in the past few years. It was regarded as either the European O. radicata or the North American O. furfuracea or even species of Termitomyces. This study aims to clarify the taxonomic position of this economically important mushroom. Phylogenetic analyses of “Heipijizong” and other related Oudemansiella species were carried out using ITS and nrLSU ribosomal RNA gene regions. Based on both morphological and molecular data, “Heipijizong” was identified as Oudemansiella raphanipes. Our study indicated that O. raphanipes possesses both 2-spored and 4-spored basidiomata. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided for it.
Eutrema tianshanense (Brassicaceae), a new species from Tian Shan Mountains of central Asia
Authors: HAO GUOQIAN , AL-SHEHBAZ IHSAN A. , LIANG QIANLONG , WANG QIAN , LIU JIANQUAN
Published: November 2016

Eutrema tianshanense, a new species of Brassicaceae growing near to the permanent glaciation area in the Tian Shan Mountains of central Asia, is described. It is quite similar morphologically to E. heterophyllum, and E. racemosum from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions, and to E. edwardsii of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Central and North Asia, and northern North America, but with rounder and smaller leaves. In addition to its long-distance disjunction from the ranges of the above three species, phylogenetic analyses based on sequence variations of multiple chloroplast DNA markers and nuclear ITS suggested that E. tianshanense and these species represent two independently evolved lineages in Tian Shan Mountains and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Their morphological similarities may have resulted from the same selection pressures in the alpine habitats where they grow.
Water mite species of the genus Hydrodroma Koch (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Hydrodromidae) from Australasia. Part I
Authors: PESIC VLADIMIR , SMIT HARRY
Published: November 2016

Three new water mite species of the genus Hydrodroma Koch (Acari: Hydrachnidia, Hydrodromidae), characterized by more than one swimming setae on II-L-5, are reported from Australia and New Caledonia: Hydrodroma kununurra sp. nov., H. australis sp. nov. and H. kakadu sp. nov.
Ampelisca mississippiana: a new species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from the Mississippi Canyon (Northern Gulf of Mexico)
Authors: SOLIMAN YOUSRIA , WICKSTEN M.ARY
Published: November 2016

A new ampeliscid species (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) was recovered in high densities from a depth of about 480 m at the Mississippi Canyon (28 32' N, 89 49' W). Ampelisca mississippiana is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from the head of the canyon, where the species formed an ampeliscid mat with average densities of 12,000 ind. m -2 . Ampelisca mississippiana resembles A. pugetica Stimpson, 1864, and A. mexicana Barnard, 1954a, but differs in the shape of the head, absence of corneal lenses, relative lengths of antennae 1 and 2, shape of the segments of pereopods 7, and shape of the carina of the urosome. The new species also resembles Ampelisca uncinata Chevreux, 1887, but differs in the shape of the head, the dorsal carina of pleon segment 4, features of some segments of pereopod 7, the second uropod and the mouthparts.
New frog (Brachycephalidae: Eleutherodactylus) from the Western Flank of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia
Authors: ARROYO SANDY B.
Published: November 2016

A new Eleutherodactylus species is described from the western flanks of the Cordillera Oriental in the Departamento de Santander. It is a member of the Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus phenetic group. It appears to be most closely relate to E. carranguerorum.
Sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the Northern Mozambique Channel with description of six new species
Authors: SAMYN YVES , VANDENSPIEGEL DIDIER
Published: November 2016

The 2009 expedition with the research vessel Miriky sampled the sublittoral and bathyal waters of the northern Mozambique Channel. This exploration campaign resulted in a small, but very diverse collection of holothuroids comprising 174 specimens representing 31 species, 18 genera, 10 families and 5 orders. Of these species, many were hitherto unknown for Madagascar or even for the Indian Ocean, and six, Bathyplotes aymeric sp. nov., Holothuria (Cystipus) yann sp. nov., Holothuria (Stauropora) bo sp. nov., Holothuria (Metriatyla) alex sp. nov., Holothuria (Theelothuria) cyrielle sp.nov., Molpadia thandari sp. nov., are new to science. Molpadia lenticulum (Cherbonnier & Féral, 1981) is a new combination. This contribution provides an illustrated and annotated overview of the poorly known, highly biodiverse, sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumber fauna of the northern Mozambique Channel. Our findings demonstrate how ignorant we are about the poorly explored habitats of our planet and therefore stress the urgent need for more explorations to such regions.
Re-description of the Arctic tardigrade Tenuibiotus voronkovi (Tumanov, 2007 (Eutardigrada; Macrobiotidea), with the first molecular data for the genus
Authors: ZAWIERUCHA KRZYSZTOF , KOLICKA MAŁGORZATA , KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ
Published: November 2016

Tardigrada is phylum of micrometazoans widely distributed throughout the world, because of old descriptions and insufficient morphometric data, many species currently need revision and re-description. Tenuibiotus voronkovi (Tumanov, 2007) is tardigrade previously only recorded from the Svalbard archipelago. This species’ original description was based on two individuals with destroyed claws on the fourth pair of legs and a lack of complete morphometric data for buccal tube and claws. In this paper, we present a re-description of T. voronkovi, supplementing the original description using the original paratype and additional material from Svalbard: Spitsbergen, Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya. This species is characterised by two macroplacoids and a microplacoid, claws of Tenuibiotus type, dentate lunules under claw IV, and faint granulation on legs I–III and strong granulation on the legs IV. We include a new morphological description with microphotographs, morphometric, and molecular data (including: mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), internal transcribed spacers (ITS1–5.8S rDNA–ITS2), and nuclear ribosome subunits 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA). These are the first published molecular data for the genus Tenuibiotus Pilato and Lisi, 2011, analysis of which indicated an affiliation of Tenuibiotus to the family Macrobiotidae. We found no differences in body size between individuals from different islands (Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya), but did observe variability in the eggs. After revision of the literature and the published figures, we concluded that Dastych’s (1985) report of T. willardi (Pilato, 1976) from Svalbard, was actually T. voronkovi, which has the greater distribution in Svalbard, and other Arctic locations, than previously believed.
Taxonomic revision of the moss salamander Nototriton barbouri (Schmidt (Caudata: Plethodontidae), with description of two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Honduras
Authors: TOWNSEND JOSIAH H.
Published: November 2016

Moss salamanders (genus Nototriton) are represented in northern Central America by nine putative species: N. barbouri, N. brodiei, N. lignicola, N. limnospectator, N. mime, N. picucha, N. saslaya, N. stuarti, and N. tomamorum. I estimate the phylogenetic relationships for these species based on data from three mitochondrial gene fragments (16S, cytochrome b, and COI), and compare morphological variation among putative taxa. As evidenced here and in previous studies, the taxon N. barbouri is paraphyletic with respect to populations from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios in northern Honduras. I restrict this taxon to populations from the Sierra de Sulaco in central Yoro, Honduras, and describe two new species from the Cordillera Nombre de Dios.
Description of a new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, and redescription of Characidium bimaculatum Fowler, 1941
Authors: MELO MARCELO R. S. , ESPÍNDOLA VINICIUS C.
Published: November 2016

A new species of Characidium Reinhardt, 1867 endemic to tributaries of the upper rio Paraguaçu in the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, is described. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners except C. bahiense, C. bimaculatum, C. laterale, C. nana, C. nupelia, and C. xavante, by having a conspicuous peduncular blotch in addition to the basicaudal spot on the base of the middle caudal-fin rays. Among other features, the new species differs from C. bahiense, C. laterale, C. nana, C. nupelia, and C. xavante by having a complete lateral line with 32–36 perforated scales (vs. lateral line short, with 9–11 perforated scales), and from C. bimaculatum by the body pigmentation pattern, with secondary bars present (vs. absent), total bars 11–16 (vs. 10–12), peduncular blotch rounded (vs. horizontally elongated), and mature males not having a darker dorsal fin (vs. proximal third of dorsal fin darker in mature males). Characidium bimaculatum, a poorly known species from Northeastern Brazil, is redescribed.
Description of two new species from China in a new species group of the fig wasp genus Sycophaga Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae: Sycophaginae)
Authors: LIU YANG , LI ZI , JIA LINGYI , HUANG DAWEI
Published: November 2016

A new species group, the brevis-group, is established for two new species of the fig wasp genus Sycophaga Westwood (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) reared from the monoecious fig tree Ficus orthoneura (Moraceae, Ficus, subgenus Urostigma) in China. The two new species, S. brevis n. sp. and S. diutius n. sp. are described and illustrated, supplemented by COI sequence data. In contrast with two other species groups newly recognized in Sycophaga, the explorator-group for species previously classified in Apocryptophagus Ashmead and the sycomori-group for other species previously classified in Sycophaga, the brevis-group is uniquely defined by the long pronotum of females and a Ficus host within the subgenus Urostigma.
Description of the sexuales of Myzodium modestum (Hottes) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) discovered in the Swiss Alps
Authors: HIDALGO NICOLÁS PÉREZ , VANDEGEHUCHTE MARTIJN L. , SCHÜTZ MARTIN , RISCH ANITA C.
Published: November 2016

The sexuales (apterous oviparous female and alate male) of Myzodium modestum (Hottes) are described for the first time from specimens captured in the Swiss Alps. This is also the first record of this species in Switzerland. This is the first evidence that an aphid may be able to complete its life cycle on mosses.
Social Issues in Management: Comments on the Past and Future
Authors: Carroll Archie B.
Published: November 2016

This essay comments on the past and the future of the Social Issues in Management (SIM) Division of the Academy of Management (AOM). The essay addresses the two major questions posed to the commentators on this special issue: First, does the past of the SIM Division provide any clues as to its future? Second, where is the SIM Division going or where should it be going? The author has been a member of SIM since 1971 and served as program chair in 1975 and division chair in 1976 to 1977. SIM is certainly a field at the community and administrative levels, and you could argue that SIM is a discipline, though we are interdisciplinary. It is not as certain that we are unique or distinctive at the intellectual level because we are not always that different in kind or quality from what is being done elsewhere in AOM, and there are more and more scholars in other divisions now working on topics that we once worked on exclusively. However, it is equally unlikely that many of the other AOM divisions could meet a test of intellectual uniqueness. The essay emphasizes some ideas that might help improve the intellectual rigor of the SIM meetings, and the value of alliances with Society for Business Ethics (SBE) and International Association for Business and Society (IABS). A division name change, even if desirable, is not a compelling issue.
Employee involvement, public service motivation, and perceived organizational performance: testing a new model
Authors: Qi Fanhua , Wang Weijie
Published: November 2016

Limited research has been conducted to explore the mechanisms through which employee involvement affects organizational performance. This article furthers the research on the mechanisms by testing a new causal model based on the theoretical framework of high-involvement work systems. Based on data collected from a sample of civil servants in China, we used structural equation modeling to find that the direct effect of involvement practices on organizational performance is positive and statistically significant. However, the indirect path mediated by job satisfaction and organizational commitment are not statistically significant. In addition, we found that public service motivation exerts a positive and direct effect on organizational performance. PSM is more prominent than job commitment or satisfaction in motivating public employees to work towards organizational goals and to work harder.

Points for practitioners

Public managers should pay more attention to involving employees in management, which will not only improve organizational performance but also increase employees’ job satisfaction and affective commitment. Involvement can take a variety of forms such as sharing information with subordinates, providing performance evaluation feedback, and involving employees in decision-making.
Risk Environments and Substance Use Among Mexican Female Sex Work on the U.S.–Mexico Border
Authors: Nowotny Kathryn M. , Cepeda Alice , Perdue Tasha , Negi Nalini , Valdez Avelardo
Published: November 2016

We use a risk environment framework to qualitatively examine pathways into substance use and abuse among Mexican female sex workers on the U.S.–Mexico border. Life history interviews and ethnographic observations were conducted with female sex workers to uncover how the border context shapes patterns of substance use. The findings illustrate that, for many women, initiation into sex work is contextualized within immigration, the global economy, and demands and desire for financial autonomy. Paradoxically, many find autonomy within sex work as they increase their ability to support their families and themselves. As women become more entrenched in sex work, however, they are put on a path toward substance abuse beginning with alcohol then cocaine and heroin. This identification of specific substance use pathways and trajectories has important implications for the development of prevention and intervention programs that can help curtail problematic drug use that can lead to negative health consequences.
Using Self-Monitoring With Guided Goal Setting to Increase Academic Engagement for a Student With Autism in an Inclusive Classroom in China
Authors: Xu Sheng , Wang Jie , Lee Gabrielle T. , Luke Nicole
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether using self-monitoring with guided goal setting was effective in increasing academic engagement for a student with autism who frequently displayed disruptive behaviors in an inclusive classroom in China. A 9-year-old male student with autism participated in this study. A changing criterion single-subject design was used. Training on self-monitoring took place outside of the classroom prior to the implementation of self-monitoring and guided goal setting in the language art class in an inclusive classroom. The goal was gradually increased and determined by the student’s best performance on the previous phase. Results showed an increase in the student’s academic engagement during intervention. The student also maintained a high level of academic engagement during 1-week follow-up sessions without self-monitoring.
The monorail ‘revolution’ of the 1950s and 1960s and its legacy
Authors: Taylor Lawrence D
Published: November 2016

The paper uses a variety of primary and secondary sources to analyse why monorail proposals initiated by Goodell, Alweg, Lockheed and other manufacturers during the 1950s and 1960s failed to gain preference among transport planning authorities over alternative modes of transport such as conventional rail, subways, buses and eventually light rail. The article examines the ways in which improved versions of the monorail models developed during these two decades. In time, these changes led to a more dynamic market in which monorails continued to be built not only for use in amusement parks and exhibitions but also as ‘intermediate-capacity’ transit, airport commuting and other special-purpose applications.
Reason-driven decision making in the US law enforcement context1
Authors: Loomis David , Loomis Steven
Published: November 2016

This paper argues that the complex good of justice in the free and civil society requires that policing actively seek optimal information conditions for decision making. Optimal information conditions in policing include two broad categories of information: explicit and tacit. The aim of information optimality is best achieved when the varieties of decision making are reason-based and normatively ethical, which place limits against radical imbalances between explicit and tacit information. The authors’ methods are interdisciplinary, using two approaches from philosophy (ontology of institutions, regulative epistemology) and two from economics (information and institutional economics) in order to examine the information environment of US law enforcement. Our general method is theoretical, deductive and non-technical, which allows us to raise a number of important questions and develop hypotheses for future research. Among the hypotheses revealed are that (i) institutional scale and integration appear to be decreasing the price of explicit information, while raising costs against tacit information; (ii) this cost differential has led or will lead to information loss, thus hindering reasoned, ethical decision making in the LE context; (iii) perhaps the most serious consequence of a decoupling of data from reason is the threat of redefining reason on terms internal not external to the data; and (iv) an information disequilibrium threatens to disrupt law enforcement’s mission and role to ensure an ethically robust, objective form of justice. The authors conclude with a set of reason-based principles that may assist LE researchers, leaders and practitioners from falling into the traps of information division and loss posed by the various data-driven movements.
‘If everyone says so …’ Press narratives and image change in major event host cities
Authors: Garcia Beatriz
Published: November 2016

This paper looks into the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) programme as a leading example of culture-led regeneration intervention aimed at renewing or diversifying the economic base and positioning of host cities. One of the key claims associated with the programme is that it can transform the ‘image’ of a city. These image transformation claims are often supported by evidence of heightened or more positive media coverage in the short term. However, little evidence has generally been gathered to determine long-term, sustained image change. The paper seeks to at least partly address this lacuna by presenting evidence on the media representation of Glasgow and Liverpool over three decades. These two cities are widely perceived to be paradigmatic not only of successful culture-led regeneration but also of the power of the ECoC title to transform city image. The paper looks at the importance of the media narrative arc surrounding major cultural events in solidifying ‘image change’ processes, regardless of the existence of evidence to suggest a change in perceptions by local communities at the time the event is taking place. The core argument is that if media coverage about a particular place shows a significant change in focus and attitude over time, is voluminous enough and cuts across geographical and journalistic variations, then it effectively becomes a key source of evidence of de facto image change. The key proposition in this paper is that evidenceable and sustained change in media representations of place can be taken as tantamount to image change. This is based on the assumption that widespread and longitudinal trends in media representation have the capacity to both reflect and influence public attitudes and perceptions.
Do Pro-environmental Appeals Trigger Pro-environmental Behavior in Hotel Guests?
Authors: Dolnicar Sara , Knezevic Cvelbar Ljubica , Grün Bettina
Published: November 2016

Appeals to people’s pro-environmental values have been shown to trigger pro-environmental behavior across a range of contexts. The present study tests the potential of such interventions in a hedonic context where behavioral change does not generate utilitarian benefits (tourism). Results from a field experiment in a four-star hotel in Slovenia indicate that appeals to people’s pro-environmental values fail to significantly increase tourists’ hotel towel reuse and decrease room electricity consumption, suggesting that interventions in hedonic contexts—such as tourism—may require the use of more tangible benefits in order to change behavior.
Understanding the semantic functions of but in middle childhood: The role of text- and sentence-level comprehension abilities
Authors: Florit Elena , Cain Kate , Levorato Maria Chiara
Published: November 2016

This study examined Italian 7- to 9-year-olds’ understanding of the connective but when used to relate two events in sentences embedded in short stories. Performance was largely accounted for by the cognitive complexity of the sentence that included the connective and the salience of its meaning (confirmed in a second study with adults). Additional influences on children’s performance were the category of the story in which the critical sentence was embedded and the child’s text comprehension abilities. Further, by 9 years of age, performance resembled that of adults. These findings make an advance in explaining the role of information presented in a text at different levels and an individual’s linguistic abilities in children’s understanding of the connective but in stories and its development.
Ecosystem as Structure
Authors: Adner Ron
Published: November 2016

Over the past 20 years, the term “ecosystem” has become pervasive in discussions of strategy, both scholarly and applied. Its rise has mirrored an increasing interest and concern among both researchers and managers with interdependence across organizations and activities. This article presents a structuralist approach to conceptualizing the ecosystem construct. It presents a clear definition of the ecosystem construct, a grammar for characterizing ecosystem structure, and a characterization of the distinctive aspects of ecosystem strategy. This approach offers an explicit examination of the relationship among ecosystems and a host of alternative constructs (business models, platforms, coopetition, multisided markets, networks, technology systems, supply chains, value networks) that helps characterize where the ecosystem construct adds, and does not add, insight for the strategy literature.
“Devalued” Daughters Versus “Appreciated” Sons: Gender Inequality in China’s Parent-Organized Matchmaking Markets
Authors: Gui Tianhan
Published: November 2016

Postponed marriage is a general trend among today’s Chinese young people. However, since in traditional Chinese culture, marriage has been regarded as a family responsibility, when adult children reach a certain age, their parents often push them for marriage. In recent years, some retired parents in China’s major cities voluntarily organized matchmaking markets in parks to exchange their single adult children’s personal information in order to “help” the latter find spouse. Most of these matchmaking markets are only attended by parents, whose adult children remain single in their late 20s and beyond. Through a field research on matchmaking events held in four parks in Beijing, it was found that young women’s parents significantly outnumbered young men’s parents. Younger age and good physical appearance are considered as “assets” for women, while men’s most valued “capital” are better education, higher income, and wealth.
Perceived Social Support and Physical Activity Among Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Won Mi Hwa , Son Youn-Jung
Published: November 2016

Adherence to recommended physical activity after a cardiac event is important to prevent cardiac recurrence. Social support from peers and family is known to improve self-care in chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between social support from health care providers and physical activity among patients with coronary artery disease remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the relationship between perceived social support from health care providers and physical activity among patients with stable coronary artery disease. The study included 237 patients with stable coronary artery disease attending an outpatient clinic. Hierarchical linear regression found that perceived social support explained 12% of variance in physical activity, F(14, 222) = 7.37, p < .001. In addition, self-efficacy partially mediated the relationships between perceived social support and physical activity. Abundant support from health care providers plays a key role in promoting physical activity among patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Applicability of the KFav model in the prediction of fixed bed breakthrough curve
Authors: Kawakita Takashi , Seida Yoshimi , Murota Akihiko , Fujiki Junpei , Furuya Eiji
Published: November 2016

Applicability of the KF av model in the prediction/simulation of the breakthrough curve of a fixed bed adsorber was studied through quantitative evaluation of the estimation error of the breakthrough curves calculated by the KF av model with those calculated by the phenomenological rigorous adsorption process model. The evaluation was carried out on the basis of dimensionless equations of each model as a function of the Biot number and the parameters of adsorption isotherms used in the phenomenological rigorous adsorption process models. Influence of the non-linearity of the adsorption isotherm and the Biot number to the estimation error of breakthrough curves obtained by the KF av model was clarified quantitatively. The application quality and/or degree of reliability of the KF av model were clarified systematically.
Greenhouse governmentality: Protected agriculture and the changing biopolitical management of agrarian life in Jamaica
Authors: Moulton Alex A , Popke Jeff
Published: November 2016

This paper draws upon Foucauldian theories of governmentality and biopower to examine the recent growth of greenhouse cultivation on the island of Jamaica. Greenhouse farming has been widely promoted as a means to enhance the efficiency, technological sophistication, and profitability of the island’s traditional small-scale farmers. Following Foucault, and drawing on a series of interviews with greenhouse growers, we read this intervention as form of governmentality acting on the conduct and attitudes of Jamaican farmers. As a form of governmentality, greenhouse farming also represents a new and distinctive regime of biopower, one that intervenes with greater precision into the metabolism between the natural processes of the rural population and the vital properties of growing plants. Viewed as a form of biopower, the greenhouse calls particular attention to the ways in which assemblages of materials and technologies enable new forms of control and surveillance over the life processes associated with crop cultivation, thereby generating new kinds of affective relations and agrarian subjectivities. This capital- and chemical-intensive biopolitics, we argue, threatens to re-engineer Jamaica’s agrarian milieu in ways that favor elite agricultural interests at the expense of long-standing traditional farming practices and the forms of socio-ecological metabolism upon which they are based.
Investigating the construct measured by banked gap-fill items: Evidence from eye-tracking
Authors: McCray Gareth , Brunfaut Tineke
Published: November 2016

This study investigates test-takers’ processing while completing banked gap-fill tasks, designed to test reading proficiency, in order to test theoretically based expectations about the variation in cognitive processes of test-takers across levels of performance. Twenty-eight test-takers’ eye traces on 24 banked gap-fill items (on six tasks) were analysed according to seven online eye-tracking measures representing overall, text and task processing. Variation in processing was related to test-takers’ level of performance on the tasks overall. In particular, as hypothesized, lower-scoring students exerted more cognitive effort on local reading and lower-level cognitive processing in contrast to test-takers who attained higher scores. The findings of different cognitive processes associated with variation in scores illuminate the construct measured by banked gap-fill items, and therefore have implications for test design and the validity of score interpretations.
Navigating the family business: A gendered analysis of identity construction of daughters
Authors: Hytti Ulla , Alsos Gry Agnete , Heinonen Jarna , Ljunggren Elisabet
Published: November 2016

Previous research has explored the difficulties daughters experience entering family business management, but few studies have focused on their experiences of succession. Previously, a gender-as-a-variable perspective has been widely adopted such that the gendering of succession remains understudied. This article addresses this gap by conducting a gendered analysis of how daughters navigate family businesses and construct identities as family business leaders. Using narrative analysis and case study research, our findings suggest that daughters construct and negotiate their gender and leadership identities in their interactions with others by opposing, expanding and making use of the gendered scripts available to them. They move between concealing their leader identity and producing a masculinised identity as a strong owner. This necessitates tempered disruption and switching between different identities in different contexts. We conclude by discussing the theoretical aspects of a gendered perspective as they relate to identity construction in family businesses.
Externally visible thrombus partially predicts internal thrombus deposition in extracorporeal membrane oxygenators
Authors: Evans Charles F. , Li Tieluo , Mishra Vikas , Pratt Diana L. , Mohammed Isa S.K. , Kon Zachary N. , Griffith Bartley P.
Published: November 2016

Aim:

We sought to quantify the location and volume of thrombus in used hollow-fiber membrane oxygenators and correlate the volume of thrombus with patient demographics, flow characteristics and anticoagulation parameters.

Methods:

Hollow-fiber membrane oxygenators (Quadrox D, Maquet, Rastatt, Germany) were collected after clinical use in ECMO circuits and divided into sections. Each section was digitally imaged and analyzed using ImageJ software. The location and total volume (cm3) of thrombus was calculated for different sections. In an effort to predict thrombus formation, we correlated thrombus volume with possible aggravating and mitigating variables.

Results:

We collected 41 oxygenators from 27 patients. Twenty-seven (66%) were configured in the veno-venous mode and 14 (34%) in the veno-arterial mode. The median duration of use was 131 hours (interquartile range 61–214 hours). Eighteen (44%) were removed when the patient recovered, six (15%) were removed after withdrawal of care and seventeen (41%) were exchanged. The median volume of thrombus was 11.4 cm3 (interquartile range 2.2–44.5 cm3).

Conclusions:

A multivariable linear regression model suggested that the combination of median flow, configuration of ECMO and visible thrombus partially predicted internal thrombus volume (adjusted R2=0.39).
Reflections on the non-accidental death of a foster carer
Authors: Maclean Kirstie
Published: November 2016

This article is a case study and analysis of the death of a foster carer in Scotland at the hands of the child for whom she was caring. The death was the subject of a Fatal Accident and Sudden Deaths Inquiry in 2015. The case study explores whether or not this was a unique case, its messages for understanding child on parent violence, the adequacy of foster carer training, approval for blanket or specific age ranges, information about children provided to foster carers, meeting the needs of traumatised children and birth family contact when children have access to social networking sites. It considers if there are lessons that can and should be drawn from this case.
Culturally sensitive child placement: key findings from a survey of looked after children in foster and residential care in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ushie Boniface A , Osamor Pauline E , Obieje Ann C , Udoh Ekerette E
Published: November 2016

The quality of the caregiver–child relationship is key to the well-being of children but assumptions based on research in western countries about the benefits of different types of substitute care may be questionable when applied elsewhere. This study assessed the quality of caregiver–child relationships and their association with child abuse in foster and residential care in Nigeria. The findings are relevant to European and North American countries as 4% of those looked after and 6% of care entrants in England are of African heritage and it is too easy to draw wrong conclusions about the care they might have received in their own countries. The study scrutinised 314 children aged 7–17 years from foster (157) and residential care settings (157) and assessed the caregiver–child relationship using the Positive Relationship Scale. The child abuse measure covered physical, sexual and emotional components and aggregated these into a single score. The subsequent analysis explored differences in child abuse between foster and residential care and the significance of other factors influencing levels of child abuse. It was found that the children in residential care had more positive relationships with caregivers than did those in foster care, even though abuse occurred in both settings. There were no gender differences in experiences of child abuse in either setting but children under the age of 12 were significantly more likely to have been abused while in care than those over this age. For children in residential care, age was the most significant factor associated with abuse. As these findings provide a perspective on children in substitute care in a West African city, they may be useful to social workers elsewhere who are responsible for children of African heritage, as they suggest that abuse often occurs in foster homes and that child–carer relationships in residential establishments can be good.
Improving well-being and outcomes for looked after children in Wales: a context sensitive review of interventions
Authors: Roberts Louise , Maxwell Nina , Rees Paul , Holland Sally , Forbes Nicholas
Published: November 2016

Improving outcomes for looked after children and young people has been a longstanding concern in Wales. This article reports the findings of a scoping study which sought to identify interventions aimed at improving outcomes for looked after children that are effective or promising. The study was commissioned by an independent funding body to inform a £5 million investment programme for Wales. It comprised a rapid review of literature, informed through consultation with an expert advisory panel and groups of young people who had been in care. The article outlines the rapid review method, provides details of shortlisted interventions and describes the interventions subsequently approved for investment. It concludes that although there are many promising interventions which address the factors associated with poor outcomes for looked after children, the evidence base is weak. It is argued that decision-making on interventions should be informed by appraisal of the empirical evidence available, but should also be guided by professional judgement that considers the needs, priorities and preferences of service users, carers, practitioners and policy-makers.
Human development and alienation in the context of economic crisis in Vietnam
Authors: Dai Duong Duc
Published: November 2016

This article focuses on the link between alienation, commodity fetishism and human development. Alienation and commodity fetishism appear in different ways, very abstract and invisibly. People engage innocently with these phenomena without awareness of how their well-beings are related to. Empirically, this research reveals the alienation and commodity fetishism expressed in the adaptation of workers, managers and owners in factories during economically troubled times. What must be considered, however, is the consequences of all this for human development. After some criticism of human development based on the capability approach, Marxist implications are drawn for understanding of this process.
Early Changes in Knee Center of Rotation During Walking After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Correlate With Later Changes in Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Titchenal Matthew R. , Chu Constance R. , Erhart-Hledik Jennifer C. , Andriacchi Thomas P.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Altered knee kinematics after anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction (ACLR) have been implicated in the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), leading to poor long-term clinical outcomes.

Purpose:

This study was conducted to determine (1) whether the average knee center of rotation (KCOR), a multidimensional metric of knee kinematics, of the ACL-reconstructed knee during walking differs from that of the uninjured contralateral knee; (2) whether KCOR changes between 2 and 4 years after surgery; and (3) whether early KCOR changes predict patient-reported outcomes 8 years after ACLR.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Twenty-six human participants underwent gait analysis with calculation of bilateral KCOR during walking at 2 and 4 years after unilateral ACLR. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Lysholm score results were collected at 2, 4, and 8 years after ACLR in 13 of these participants.

Results:

The ACL-reconstructed knee showed greater medial compartment motion because of pivoting about a more lateral KCOR ( P = .03) than the contralateral knee at 2 years. KCOR became less lateral over time ( P = .047), with values approaching those of the uninjured knee by 4 years ( P = .55). KCOR was also more anterior in the ACL-reconstructed knee at 2 years ( P = .02). Between 2 and 4 years, KCOR moved posteriorly in 16 (62%) and anteriorly in 10 (38%) participants. Increasing the anterior position of KCOR in the ACL-reconstructed knee from 2 to 4 years correlated with worsening clinical outcomes at 4 years (KOOS–Quality of Life, R2 = 0.172) and more strongly at 8 years (Lysholm score, R2 = 0.41; KOOS-Pain, R2 = 0.37; KOOS-Symptoms, R2 = 0.58; and KOOS–Quality of Life, R2 = 0.50).

Conclusion:

The observed changes to KCOR during walking between 2 and 4 years after ACLR show progressive improvement toward kinematic symmetry over the 2-year follow-up. The correlation between increasingly abnormal kinematics and worsening clinical outcomes years later in a subset of participants provides a potential explanation for the incidence of PTOA after ACLR.
Creating a More Ideal Self Through the Use of Clothing
Authors: Ridgway Jessica L. , Parsons Jean , Sohn MyungHee
Published: November 2016

Using an exploratory approach, the current study, theoretically grounded in the self-discrepancy theory, investigated a woman’s perceptions of her body shape. The purpose was to understand how garments created with optical illusion prints or patterns affect women’s perceptions of body shape. Fifteen women were body scanned to determine their body shape and participated in an in-depth semistructured interview while viewing a personalized avatar (created from their body scan) depicted in the seven different optical illusion garments created by the researcher. Data analysis revealed six themes: (1) perception of self, (2) clothing and the body, (3) defining ideals, (4) preferences by body shape category, (5) effects of wearing optical illusions, and (6) a more ideal self. The results from this study indicated that optical illusion garments do effect the visual perception of body shape and can result in the perception of a more ideal body shape.
Brazilian Immigrant Mothers’ Beliefs and Practices Related to Infant Feeding: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lindsay Ana Cristina , Wallington Sherrie F. , Greaney Mary L. , Hasselman Maria Helena , Tavares Machado Marcia Maria , Mezzavilla Raquel S.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life and timely introduction of appropriate solid foods are important determinants of weight status in infancy and later life stages. Disparities in obesity rates among young children suggest that maternal feeding practices during the first 2 years of life may contribute to these disparities. Brazilians are a growing immigrant group in the United States, yet little research has focused on parental beliefs and behaviors affecting the health of Brazilian immigrant children in the United States.

Research aim:

This study aimed to explore beliefs and infant-feeding practices of Brazilian immigrant mothers in the United States.

Methods:

Focus group discussions were conducted with Brazilian immigrant mothers. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis and themes categorized using the socioecological model.

Results:

Twenty-nine immigrant Brazilian mothers participated in the study. Analyses revealed that all participants breastfed their infants. The majority initiated breastfeeding soon after childbirth. However, most mothers did not exclusively breastfeed. They used formula and human milk concomitantly. Family and culture influenced mothers’ infant-feeding beliefs and practices in early introduction of solid foods.

Conclusion:

As the number of children in the United States growing up in families of immigrant parents increases, understanding influences on Brazilian immigrant mothers’ infant-feeding practices will be important to the development of effective interventions to promote healthy infant feeding and weight status among Brazilian children. Interventions designed for Brazilian immigrant families should incorporate an understanding of social context, family, and cultural factors to develop health promotion messages tailored to the needs of this ethnic group.
Underemployment and well-being in the UK before and after the Great Recession
Authors: Heyes Jason , Tomlinson Mark , Whitworth Adam
Published: November 2016

Since the start of the economic crisis in 2008 there has been widespread concern with changes in the level and composition of unemployment. The phenomenon of underemployment has, however, received markedly less attention, although it too increased in extent following the start of the crisis. This article considers the consequences of underemployment for the subjective well-being of UK employees. Drawing on data from the 2006 and 2012 Employment and Skills Surveys, the article assesses how the Great Recession affected relationships between different dimensions of underemployment and well-being. The findings demonstrate that the negative well-being consequences of workers’ dissatisfaction with opportunities to make use of their abilities became more substantial, as did the consequences of being ‘hours constrained’ and having an unsatisfactory workload. The article also shows that the economic crisis had a negative impact on the well-being of employees who work very long hours.
High-Profile Female Executive Candidates and the Political Engagement of Women
Authors: Carreras Miguel
Published: November 2016

The number of salient female executive leaders has dramatically increased over the last two decades. In many countries, executive politics is no longer an exclusive male domain. Using data from the four waves of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems surveys and from several waves of the AmericasBarometer surveys, I investigate whether the presence of salient female executive candidates in high-profile national elections influences women’s political engagement in the electoral process. The analysis reveals that the presence of viable female candidates has no immediate impact on women’s political engagement at the mass level.
Epstein-Barr Virus in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma of Guatemalan and Brazilian Patients
Authors: Rumayor Piña Alicia , dos Santos Harim Tavares , Carlos Roman , Altemani Albina , de Almeida Oslei Paes
Published: November 2016

Background. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is highly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), particularly the undifferentiated nonkeratinizing subtype. Prevalence of EBV in NPC in countries such as Guatemala and Brazil has not been studied. Methods. We analyzed 19 cases of NPC, 11 from Guatemala and 8 from Brazil, for the presence of EBV by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, 19 hyperplastic adenoids from children were analyzed for EBV by in situ hybridization, 12 from Guatemala and 7 from Brazil. Results. All the NPC cases from Guatemala and 5 from Brazil were of the undifferentiated nonkeratinizing type. EBV-negative cases comprised 2 keratinizing NPC and 1 differentiated nonkeratinizing NPC. All undifferentiated nonkeratinizing NPC from both samples showed intense positivity for EBER, while LMP-1 only focally and scarcely expressed. EBER was positive in 75% and 43% of the adenoids from Guatemala and Brazil, respectively. Conclusions. All undifferentiated nonkeratinizing NPC irrespective of origin from Guatemala or Brazil were highly associated with EBV.