bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency data from corpora partially explain native-speaker ratings and choices in overabundant paradigm cells
Authors: Bermel Neil , Knittl Luděk , Russell Jean
Published: January 2017

If we can operationalize corpus frequency in multiple ways, using absolute values and proportional values, which of them is more closely connected with the behaviour of language users? In this contribution, we examineoverabundantcells in morphological paradigms, and look at the contribution that frequency of occurrence can make to understanding the choices speakers make due to this richness. We look at ways of operationalizing the termfrequencyin data from corpora and native speakers: the proportional frequency of forms (i. e. percentage of time that a variant is found in corpus data considered as a proportion of all variants) and several interpretations of absolute frequency (i. e. the raw frequency of variants in data from the same corpus). Working with data from unmotivated morphological variation in Czech case forms, we show that different instantiations of frequency help interpret the way variation is perceived and maintained by native speakers. Proportional frequency seems most salient for speakers in forming their judgements, while certain types of absolute frequency seem to have a dominant role in production tasks.
Influence of the electric double-layer capacitance at the rate of corrosion at the phase interface
Authors: Kiselev Vladimir Gennadyevish , Sergeev Vitaliy Vladimirovich , Rouzich Evgeniy Nikolaevich
Published: January 2017

This article covers the basic regularities of marine corrosion at the waterline and its relationship with the immersion potential (Billiter potential). It offers a model of an electrochemical metal fracture at the interface, which allows to explain the experimentally observed type of corrosion curve. We focus our attention in this model on the influence of the electric double-layer capacitance on the corrosion rate in the waterline spray zone. Within the framework of the adopted concept, the capacitance change at the interface results in a corresponding capacitive (anode) electrical current that causes dissolution when the metal surface is wetted. This phenomenon is associated with some protection (cathode) current on the already wetted surface of the metal.
Special Issue: Applications and Research Trends in Remote Sensing and Geoinformation - Third International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of Environment - RSCy2015
Authors: Michaelides Silas , Themistocleous Kyriacos , Papadavid George , Hadjimitsis Diofantos
Published: January 2017

This paper introduces the Third International Conference on Remote Sensing and Geoinformation of Environment - RSCy2015, which was organized by the Cyprus Remote Sensing Society. A brief summary of the institution is made, followed by an overview of selected papers that were presented at this Conference.
The alpha effectiveness of the dating ESR signal in barite: possible dependence with age
Authors: Fujiwara Taisei , Toyoda Shin , Uchida Ai , Nishido Hirotsugu , Ishibashi Jun-Ichiro
Published: January 2017

The alpha effectiveness value (k-value) for the ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) signal due to SO3- in barite was revised by comparing the dose responses of the signal intensities to gamma rays and to 4 MeV He+ ion doses in natural sea-floor hydrothermal barite samples actually used for dating. Of the values obtained for a synthetic, a natural old, and a natural young samples, the one for the natural young sample is tentatively adopted, which is 0.053 ± 0.006, although further works are still necessary to establish this value.
Different implications of OSL and radiocarbon ages in archaeological sites in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu Lupeng , An Ping , Lai Zhongping
Published: January 2017

Both Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating and 14C dating are main dating method for archaeological sites, while their disagreements are quite often. In the Qaidam Basin (QB), human activity remains (HMRs) are frequently found within aeolian sediments, offering opportunities to make comparison between OSL and 14C ages, and to discuss their potential disagreements in archaeological sites. In this study, we present comparison between 18(10 of them had been published) OSL and 17 AMS 14C ages for samples from aeolian sediments in the eastern QB, including some samples from archaeological sites. Comparisons show better agreement in natural aeolian section, but more disagreements in sections with many HARs. This should be due to postdepositional anthropogenic disturbance, which can cause different influences to OSL and 14C ages. The age disagreement might display their different significances, with 14C chronology represent human activities, while OSL chronology more likely to reveal ages of original stratigraphy. Field hearth experiment was taken to check to what extent can heat from a hearth affect luminescence signals in the surrounding sediments. Results show that both OSL and Thermoluminescence signals in sediments under the hearths are not easy to be reset by the heat due to the poor downward thermal conductivity into the humid soil. This reminds the risk of OSL age overestimation for hearths. This study emphasizes the importance of cross-check between different dating methods for chronology building in archaeological contexts, and the necessity to analyze the dating materials, depositional process, and post-depositional disturbance when age disagreement is discovered.
Innovation Project: Cryomutation Selection of Sunflower for Winter Resistance (wint), Ephemeral State (pervotsvet) and Leaflessness (aphylla)
Authors: Kalaidzhyan Ashot Andranikovich
Published: January 2017

Based on long-term work on induced mutations using dimethyl sulfate (DMS) at medium doses (concentrations) a large number of mutagenic lines was obtained. The source cultivar for obtaining the mutants was VNIIMK 8931. The mutations were obtained by changing the growth period, plant height, stem form, changes of the head (size, form, and shape), changes of the leaves (color, size, form, serratedness, petiole length), and changes of the size, shape, color and levels of oil and protein and their quality. The most important mutations presented in this paper pertain to resistance to low temperatures (up to –30 °C) in what can be termed winter sunflower (M-2002-Morzh and M-1701-Ice King). Of great value is also the mutant M-1880-Udochka (aphylla leafless) with its small leaves and short petioles, which enables the increase in plant population of up to 500,000 plants/ha.
Inheritance of Leaf Tip Shape and Fringed Leaf Margin in Sunflower
Authors: Soroka A. , Lyakh V.
Published: January 2017

After mutagenic treatment of sunflower seeds two traits of altered leaf shape were found – obtuse shape of leaf tip and strongly sinuate (fringed) leaf margin. To study the inheritance pattern of these traits, the mutant lines were crossed with the source lines and between themselves. It was shown that the traits of obtuse leaf and fringed leaf are recessive and inherited as monogenic traits when mating with the source line. In crossings of mutants, all F
Analysis of distribution of wood extractives in Gmelina arborea by gas chromatography and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry
Authors: Mangindaan Bill , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Aoki Dan , Yagami Sachie , Kawamura Fumio , Fukushima Kazuhiko
Published: January 2017

The aim of the present study was to investigate the extractives of Gmelina arborea stem from the sapwood (sW) to heartwood (hW) including the transition zone (tZ) between them by means of quantitative GC-MS, while the spatial distribution of four typical compounds was analysed by TOF-SIMS. The focus was on gmelinol, paulownin, 7′-O-ethyl arboreol, and β-sitosterol, which were isolated and purified from hW. The four compounds revealed a characteristic distribution pattern corresponding to their key role in biosynthesis and depending on their susceptibility to secondary reactions in the hW.
The Maximum Mixedness Model Applied with Detailed Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Barat R. , Cedio-Fengya D. , Stevens J.
Published: January 2017

The Zwietering maximum mixedness model (MMM) is extended for use with detailed chemical reaction mechanisms in a combustion setting. Both MMM species and energy balances are offered with a Chemkin-consistent nomenclature. The solution algorithm is discussed. Several reactor residence time distributions are currently offered for use with the MMM program. The MMM is used here to simulate observed literature species concentration data in a turbulent, jet-stirred combustor. For comparison, the results are also compared to simulations from perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) and partially stirred reactor (PaSR) models. The MMM model predicts the observed higher-than-PSR fuel conversions using a residence time distribution based on two unequal CSTRs-in series.
Daily functioning, problem solving and satisfaction for quality of life in visually impaired old persons
Authors: Sgaramella Teresa M. , Nota Laura , Carrieri Loredana , Soresi Salvatore , Sato Giovanni
Published: January 2017

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of several dimensions of functioning on satisfaction for quality of life (QoL) experienced by visually impaired older adults.

Participants:

A sample of 58 older adults (37 women and 21 men) was involved in the study. Their age ranged from 50 to 88 years (M=68.95, SD=1.51). They were characterized by visual impairment of different origin and visual acuity (VA) ranging from 4/10 to total blindness. The QoL questionnaire was used along with short form-12 health Survey, the National Eye Institute visual function questionnaire-25 and problem solving inventory (PSI) which analyzes problem solving appraisal.

Results:

A stepwise regression analysis was conducted in order to find predictors of satisfaction for QoL. A contribution of mental and physical health, more specifically, of problem solving appraisal was found.

Conclusion:

Results support the notion that the functional relationship between visual impairment and satisfaction for QoL must be understood in terms of approaches that incorporate psychological and socio-cognitive elements. Problem solving appraisal, in fact, makes a substantial contribution to the prediction of variance in life satisfaction and it may play an important role for intervention strategies.
Influence of channel and ChannelFree™ processing technology on the vocal parameters in hearing-impaired individuals
Authors: Saji Jissa Sherly , Madikeri Mohan Kishan , Rajashekar Bellur
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

Hearing is the most important sense, as it controls an individual’s both comprehension and production. One of the most important aspects that disturbs the voice throughout speech is hearing as it provides essential feedback for control. The deficit of feedback can be substituted by the use of amplification in such patients with hearing loss (HL). Hence, the current study was aimed to study the effect of HL on vocal parameters in individuals with HL and to study the influence of hearing aid signal processing on vocal parameters.

Method:

Sixteen male subjects of the age range 18–70 years with sensorineural HL participated and underwent a preamplification voice evaluation using the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) software followed by different amplifications with different signal processing.

Results:

The results revealed that there is a significant difference in the voice parameters with and without a hearing aid for both 3-channel and ChannelFree™ (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed when the voice parameter was compared between the two hearing aids.

Conclusion:

The voice analysis from the current study revealed that amplification brought a change in the vocal parameters but on the negative side. This infers the importance of auditory feedback during vocalization. Also, acclimatization of the hearing aids plays a major role in influencing the changes in the voice parameters of the hearing aid individuals.
Resonant quenching of Raman scattering due to out-of-plane A1g/A′1 modes in few-layer MoTe2
Authors: Gołasa Katarzyna , Grzeszczyk Magda , Molas Maciej R. , Zinkiewicz Małgorzata , Bala Łukasz , Nogajewski Karol , Potemski Marek , Wysmołek Andrzej , Babiński Adam
Published: January 2017

Temperature-dependent (5 K–300 K) Raman scattering study of A1g/A′1 phonon modes in mono-layer (1L), bilayer (2L), trilayer (3L), and tetralayer (4L) MoTe2 is reported. The temperature evolution of the modes’ intensity critically depends on the flake thickness. In particular with λ=632.8-nm light excitation, a strongly non-monotonic dependence of the A1g mode intensity is observed in 2L MoTe2. The intensity decreases with decreasing temperature down to 220 K, and the A1g mode almost completely vanishes from the Stokes scattering spectrum in the temperature range between 160 K and 220 K. The peak recovers at lower temperatures, and at T=5 K, it becomes three times more intense that at room temperature. Similar non-monotonic intensity evolution is observed for the out-of-plane mode in 3L MoTe2 in which tellurium atoms in all three layers vibrate in-phase. The intensity of the other out-of-plane Raman-active mode (with vibrations of tellurium atoms in the central layer shifted by 180° with respect to the vibrations in outer layers) only weakly depends on temperature. The observed quenching of the Raman scattering in 2L and 3L MoTe2 is attributed to a destructive interference between the resonant and non-resonant contributions to the Raman scattering amplitude. The observed “antiresonance” is related to the electronic excitation at the M point of the Brillouin zone in few-layer MoTe2.
Evaluation of suitability of substituting wheat
flour with sweet potato and tiger nut flours in
bread making
Authors: Ezeocha Chinelo V. , Onwuneme Nnenna A.
Published: January 2017

The study was carried out to assess the
nutritional quality and palatability of bread after partially
substituting wheat flour (WF) with sweet potato (SF) and
tiger nut (TF) flours. Sweet potato (yellow fleshed) and
tiger nut flours were used to substitute wheat flour at 5,
10, 15 and 20% level each. The bread quality of each of
these composite flours evaluated on the basis of their
nutritional quality, physical properties and acceptability
by consumers. The findings indicate slight decrease in
the protein content of the bread samples with increasing
sweet potato and tiger nut supplementation (6.97% in
100% wheat flour to 3.80% in 20% level of substitution)
while crude fibre content increased with increased sweet
potato and tiger nut substitution (2.29% in 100% WF to
2.80% in 20% substitution) but there was no significant
change (<0.05) in the ash and fat contents. Carbohydrate
which was the major component ranged from 73.47
– 79.42%. Findings on the study on the functional
properties showed that water absorption capacity
increases with increase in the level of sweet potato and
tiger nut substitution (0.54g/ml in 100% WF to 1.12g/ml in
20% level of substitution). The loaf volume and specific
volume of the bread samples decreased significantly with
increase in the level of substitution with sweet potato and
tiger nut and it ranged from 320cm3 (in 100% wheat flour)
– 216cm3 (in 20% substitution) and 1.55cm3/g (in 100%
wheat flour) to 0.98cm3/g (in 20% level of substitution)
respectively. Bread from 100% wheat flour scored the
highest in all the sensory properties evaluated. There was
no significant difference between the control and bread
from 5% level of substitution in terms of all the sensory parameters evaluated however bread from higher levels
of substitution varied significantly with the control. All
the bread samples were acceptable in all the parameters
evaluated except bread from 20% level of substitution.
The study concludes the potential health and sensory
benefits of partial substitution of sweet potato and tiger
nut to wheat flour in bread making through improved
fibre content, improved taste and to promote sweet potato
and tiger nut utilization.
Preface: Science, disarmament and diplomacy in chemical education: the example of the organisation for the prohibition of chemical weapons – The Spring 2016 Confchem
Authors: Belford Robert E. , Forman Jonathan E.
Published: January 2017

In May and June of 2016 the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), IUPAC and the ACS CHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education (CCCE) collaboratively ran an online conference hosted with the online ConfChem conference system on “Science, Disarmament and Diplomacy in Chemical Education.”

This ConfChem Online Conference was designed to highlight the work of the OPCW and the important contribution of scientists and educators to achieving its goals, the science that underpins the Chemical Weapons Convention, and how scientific and technological advances will help to better implement the Convention in the future.

The OPCW is the implementing body for Chemical Weapons Convention, an international disarmament treaty banning chemical weapons. The organisation is now approaching the 20th anniversary of the entry into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997. Twenty years that have seen the destruction of more than 67 000 metric ton of the world’s declared military stockpiles of chemical weapons and a Nobel Peace Prize in 2013. With 192 States Parties (the governments that have agreed to uphold the norms and obligations required by the treaty), the Chemical Weapons Convention is the most widely subscribed disarmament treaty in history.

Despite the aforementioned successes, the OPCW is not widely recognized outside disarmament-focused diplomatic circles. This is in spite of the fact that the science of chemistry played a critical role in informing the negotiations that lead to the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention, and underpinning the articles of implementation. Science represents an important dimension in international disarmament policy and diplomacy, requiring that organizations like the OPCW interact with the scientific communities – especially in the field of chemistry. In order to achieve its goals in the future, the OPCW will need to reach out to new stakeholders and strengthen its ties with its existing partners. To this end, the OPCW has been placing increasing priority on education and engagement to raise awareness of its work and the contributions both from and to science in chemical disarmament.

The objective of this internationally open access ConfChem online conference was to bring forth educational material that could usefully introduce chemistry educators and students to the nexus of science and multilateral diplomacy in chemical disarmament. To this end, we introduce the seven papers of the ConfChem and their authors. We hope you enjoy this collection of papers at the intersection of science and international disarmament policy. A collection that looks to stimulate interest in the role of scientists and educators, especially chemists in making the world a safer place.
U(VI) Extraction by 8-hydroxyquinoline: a comparison study in ionic liquid and in dichloromethane
Authors: Yuan Li-Yong , Liao Xiang-Hong , Liu Zhi-Rong , Chai Zhi-Fang , Shi Wei-Qun
Published: January 2017

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) represent a recent new class of solvents with potential application in liquid/liquid extraction based nuclear fuel reprocessing due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The work herein provides a comparison of U(VI) extraction by 8-hydroxyquinoline (HOX) in a commonly used RTIL, i.e. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4mim][PF6]) and in conventional solvent, i.e. dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). The effect of HOX concentration, solution acidity and nitrate ions on the extraction were discussed in detail, and the speciation analyses of the extracted U(VI) were performed. One of the main emphasis of this work is the extraction mechanism of U(VI) extracted from aqueous phase into RTILs and conventional solvent. In CH2Cl2, the extraction occurs through a combination of ion change and neutral complexation, and the extracted complex is proposed as UO2(OX)2HOX. In [C4mim][PF6], although a cation-change mechanism as previously reported for RTILs-based system was involved, the extracted complex of UO2(OX)1.5(HOX)1.5(PF6)0.5 gave a clear indication that the usage of HOX as an acidic extractant markedly inhibited the solubility loss of [C4mim][PF6] during the extraction by leaching H+ to aqueous phase. Moreover, the extracted U(VI) in [C4mim][PF6] can be easily stripped by using 0.01 M nitric acid, which provides a simple way of the ionic liquid recycling.
Long non-coding RNAs: potential molecular biomarkers for gliomas diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: Wang Lei , Yu Zhengtao , Sun Shaiqi , Peng Jun , Xiao Rongjun , Chen Shengpan , Zuo Xiaokun , Cheng Quan , Xia Ying
Published: January 2017

The current grade classification system of gliomas is based on the histopathological features of these tumors and has great significance in defining groups of patients for clinical assessment. However, this classification system is also associated with a number of limitations, and as such, additional clinical assessment criteria are required. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in cellular functions and are currently regarded as potential biomarkers for glioma diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, the molecular classification of glioma based on lncRNA expression may provide additional information to assist in the systematic identification of glioma. In the present paper, we review the emerging evidence indicating that specific lncRNAs may have the potential for use as key novel biomarkers and thus provide a powerful tool for the systematic diagnosis of glioma.
Excavations at the Jahānnamā complex: urban archaeology at Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Esfahani Ali Shojaee , Aarab Ali , Arab Elham Abdolmohammad , Kalantar Shadi , Hadi Zeinab , Hashemi Fatemeh
Published: January 2017

Isfahan in central Iran was selected as a capital city by both the Seljuk (AD 1040–1157) and the Safavid (AD 1501–1722) dynasties. During the Safavid period, and under Shah Abbas I (AD 1571–1629) in particular, the city was greatly expanded with important new quarters including Naqsh-e Jahan Square (AD 1590–1595). Running north to south, a new avenue or boulevard called the Charbagh (Ḵiyābān-e Čahārbāğ) was also constructed (AD 1595–1596) (Figure 1), serving as both a leisure or tourist attraction outside the city walls, and to connect some of the new capital's institutions.
Interactions and -isations in the Aegean and beyond
Authors: Harding Anthony
Published: January 2017

Connectivity in the ancient world has become a subject of such consuming interest in recent years that new publications on various aspects of the issue, pertaining to some area or period, appear with great regularity. Just in later European prehistory we have Continental connections: exploring cross-channel relationships (Anderson-Whymark et al.2015), Exchange networks and local transformations (Alberti & Sabatini 2013) and Enclosed space—open society (Jaeger et al.2012), to name but a few. One can hardly believe otherwise than that every part of the later prehistoric world was intimately involved, not only with its immediate neighbours but also with other areas near and far. Allied to this is the matter of colonialism and ‘post-colonial’ archaeology, with questions of hybridity, importation, local imitation and acculturation or adaptation; all these are things that loom large in these volumes and many others (e.g. Stockhammer 2012). The question of ‘-isations’, such as ‘Romanisation’, has been a concern of archaeologists for many years; here it is ‘-isations’ of the prehistoric Aegean world that are the focus of attention.
New Book Chronicle
Authors: Witcher Robert
Published: January 2017

It is no surprise that archaeologists should be drawn to the study of ancient urbanism. As markers of social complexity, cities are key to understanding the organisation and development of human societies. But why were people attracted to cities in the past? Presumably they perceived the political and economic significance of these urban centres. Yet there was also disease, crime and inequality. In this NBC, we sample recent volumes that explore the possibilities and problems of urban living. We travel from medieval Europe, through the ancient Mediterranean, to Mesoamerica; we visit royal palaces and Greek brothels; and we witness industrious city folk buying, selling, making and baking.
La transferencia de tecnología en Cuba
Authors: Acea Valdés Yeney
Published: January 2017

La transferencia de tecnología constituye un proceso en el cual intervienen disímiles factores, entre ellos ocupan un papel esencial los derechos de propiedad industrial. Los bienes objeto de propiedad industrial son creaciones de carácter inmaterial, entre ellos se encuentran las invenciones, los modelos de utilidad, los modelos y dibujos industriales, los secretos empresariales, así como las marcas a ellos asociados. En lo que respecta a la regulación de la transferencia de tecnología a nivel global se destacan dos sistemas: la reglamentación contractual o las normas de regulación de la competencia. En Cuba se manifiesta un sistema de reglamentación contractual fraccionado e insuficiente ya que no abarca la amplitud de contratos que pueden estar involucrados en los procesos de transferencia de tecnología; no obstante existen espacios a considerar, desde el derecho de patentes, el derecho de marcas, las disposiciones referidas al régimen legal de los contratos económicos y el proceso inversionista.
KAS LEMIA EUROPOS PARLAMENTO NARIŲ BALSAVIMĄ – NACIONALINIAI INTERESAI AR EP FRAKCIJOS LINIJA?
Authors: Savickaitė Ieva Bieliauskienė , Tučas Rolandas
Published: January 2017

Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjami Europos Parlamento narių balsavimo re­zultatai 2014–2015 m. ES ir Ukrainos bei ES ir Rusijos partnerystės klausi­mais siekiant įvertinti ES (geo)politinį susiskaldymą po Krymo aneksijos. ES parlamentarų (geo)politinis susiskaldymas vertinamas remiantis atnaujintu ES valstybių narių pozicijų Rusijos atžvilgiu indeksu, kuris palyginamas su EP narių iš skirtingų ES valstybių vardiniais balsavimo rezultatais. Balsavi­mas užsienio politikos klausimais pasižymi vieningumo stoka, kuri išreikšta regionine dimensija. Pagal tai galima vertinti, iš kurių valstybių EP narių bal­savimas grįstas labiau nacionaliniais interesais, iš kurių – EP frakcijos linija.
PROTO PASNINKAVIMAS KINŲ FILOSOFIJOS TYRIMUOSE: LIU XIAOGAN PRIEŠ ESTHER KLEIN
Authors: Defoort Carine
Published: January 2017

Straipsnyje remiantis dialogu iš Zhuangzi išskiriami trys susiję akademinių debatų sluoksniai. Viršutinis yra nesutarimas, išreiškiamas žinojimo terminais: faktai, teorijos, hipotezės ir kt. Žemiau yra retai pripažįstamas, tačiau nepaisant to reikšmingas emocijų sluoksnis. Apačioje glūdi neapibrėžta ir mažai reikšminga realybės, beformio potencialo sritis. Straipsnyje teigiama, jog dviejų žemutinių sluoksnių – jautrumo ir nežaboto nežinojimo – aiškesnis pripažinimas akademinėje terpėje duotų naudos tyrinėjant kinų filosofiją. Šios trisluoksnės prieigos iliustravimui straipsnyje smulkiai analizuojamas Liu Xiaogan atsakymas į Esther Klein straipsnį apie Zhuangzi. Tačiau pagrindinis straipsnio taikinys yra ne šie du mokslininkai, o bendras akademinis reiškinys, kurį jie tik iliustruoja.
Changes of median nerve conduction velocity in rayon manufacturing workers: A 6-year cohort study
Authors: Yoshioka Noriyuki , Takebayashi Toru , Nishiwaki Yuji , Nomiyama Tetsuo , Iwasawa Satoko , Sakurai Haruhiko , Omae Kazuyuki
Published: January 2017

Objectives

We conducted a 6-year cohort study to evaluate the relationship between carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure and reductions in the motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity (MCV and SCV) of the median nerve.

Methods

Study subjects at baseline included 432 exposed workers and 402 unexposed workers. Among the exposed workers, 145 workers terminated CS2 exposure during the followup period (ex-exposed workers). MCV and SCV were measured at baseline and followed up. CS2 personal exposure concentration was measured two times a year during a 6-year follow-up period and mean (range) CS2 exposure concentrations (ppm) were 5.96 (0.8-16.0) and 3.93 (0.6-9.9) in the exposed and ex-exposed workers, respectively.

Results

Reductions in MCV during the follow-up period did not differ among the exposed, ex-exposed, and unexposed workers. Reduction in SCV (m/s) of the exposed workers (−4.47±3.94) was significantly larger than that of the unexposed (−3.38±3.97) and ex-exposed workers (−3.26±3.79). For SCV reduction, a partial multiple regression coefficient of (exexposed workers)/(unexposed workers) was significantly positive (+0.915, p < 0.01) after adjustment for confounding variables.

Conclusions

This cohort study showed that 6-year CS2 exposure around a mean level of 6 ppm did not affect MCV reduction but induced significant SCV reduction beyond the influence of aging. The effect of CS2 on SCV around a mean exposure level of 4 ppm may be reversible, since it disappeared in the ex-exposed workers after CS2 exposure cessation for a mean period of 4.1 years.
Neurocysticercosis, unusual manifestations
Authors: López-Valencia David , Medina-Ortega Ángela Patricia , Saavedra-Torres Janh Sebastián , Zúñiga-Cerón Luisa Fernanda , Zamora-Bastidas Tomás Omar
Published: January 2017

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection in the central nervous system. This disease is presented when a person ingests Taenia solium eggs excreted in feces from another individual infected with taeniasis. In 50% of the cases, neurocysticercosis takes place in the brain parenchyma, and its appearance is less frequent in the posterior fossa and the spinal cord.The case of a patient with an atypical location of the parasite at the medulla oblongata, between parenchymal and spinal areas, is presented. The initial symptoms were common but its subsequent manifestations were similar to those of Bruns syndrome. Furthermore, the epidemiological profile of neurocysticercosis in Colombia, its control measures and prevention strategies were reviewed in this study.
Molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its role in cancer development
Authors: Salazar-Ramírez Kathleen , Molinares-Rodríguez Jhonny , Bolívar-González Samir
Published: January 2017

Autophagy is an evolutionary process preserved in eukaryotes, which removes harmful components and maintains cell homeostasis in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. It is involved in both physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer.The role of autophagy in the treatment of cancer is described as a “double-edged sword”, which reflects its involvement in tumor suppression, survival and subsequent proliferation of tumor cells. Recent advances are useful for planning appropriate adjustments to inhibit or promote autophagy in order to obtain therapeutic efficacy in cancer patients. The objectives of this review are to clarify the role of autophagy in cancer and to highlight the need for more research in the field.
Neuropsychology and electroencephalography to study attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Solovieva Yulia , Rivas Xaman , Méndez-Balbuena Ignacio , Machinskaya Regina , Pelayo-González Héctor Juan
Published: January 2017

Introduction: In a previous study carried out with children from first to third grade in an elementary school, the authors of this research evidenced that different profiles of neuropsychological difficulties and functional status of brain structures exist at subcortical and cortical levels. Such results differ from those obtained in preschool children.Objective: To correlate data obtained through neuropsychological assessment and EEG in Mexican children from fourth grade through sixth grade in an elementary school diagnosed with ADHD.Materials and methods: A qualitative syndromic analysis was used to establish predominant neuropsychological mechanisms. A qualitative analysis of EEG was conducted to determine functional and maturational aspects of children’s development.Results: Findings of correlations between neuropsychological and electrophysiological data showed diversity of neuropsychological difficulties and specific EEG patterns. The possibility of high correlation between data of qualitative neuropsychological analysis and functional analysis of electroencephalographic phenomenon is discussed.Conclusions: Final results suggest an important predictive level regarding clinical profiles obtained through the joined work of the clinical qualitative instruments used in this study.
Warning: Ebola arrived in Columbus land
Authors: Coiffman Felipe
Published: January 2017

A few years ago, only some students of geography knew that Ebola was the name of a small river in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 1976, in the village of Yambuku, a man died of a rare hemorrhagic fever which alerted the scientific world. Rumor has it that this man bought a fruit bat and later cooked and ate it, along with his family; some days later, all of them died. The cause of these deaths was a virus that was later called the Ebola virus (1). After this event, the epidemic spread throughout the town and then to other places. Today, about 4 000 people worldwide have been killed by the virus, including one case in the United States, two in Spain and one in Brazil. Only 1 in 10 infected patients survive and poor calculations estimate 20 000 people infected, especially in the West African republics.
TELAAH KUALITAS AIR TAMBAK DI KABUPATEN GRESIK PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Rohani Sitti , Gappar Abdul , Kurniah Kurniah
Published: January 2017

Kualitas air sangat menentukan keberhasilan usaha budidaya di tambak. Tujuan kegiatan adalah untuk menelaah variabel kualitas air di kawasan pertambakan Kabupaten Gresik Provinsi Jawa Timur. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan pada pertengahan bulan April sampai dengan awal bulan Mei 2011. Variabel kualitas air diukur secara langsung di lapangan (insitu), kecuali total suspended solid (TSS) yang dianalisis di laboratorim.Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak pada setiap desa di 8 kecamatan yang dapat mewakili Kabupaten Gresik. Salinitas berada di bawah ambang batas yang normal dengan kisaran 0,23-14,12 ppt dengan rata-rata 7,17 ppt. Sedangkan TSS dan turbiditas masing-masing 30,50-31,10 dengan nilai rata-rata 170,75 dan 24,08-184,0 dengan nilai rata-rata 104,02. Nilai tersebut berpengaruh negatif terhadap perkembangan plankton sebagai pakan alami ikan dan udang.
Ethanolic Fermentation Efficiency of Seaweed Solid Waste hydrolysates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Martosuyono Pujoyuwono
Published: January 2017

The objective of this research are to determine the Saccharification and fermentation efficiency of seaweed solid waste hydrolysate by S. cerevisiae in anaerobic condition. The optimum saccharification yield of acid pretreated waste (40.93+1.72%) was obtained after 48 h with a saccharification rate of 0.51±0.02 g/L/h. Higher yield was showed by NaOH pretreated waste (67.29+1.24%) at 24 hours with a saccharification rate of 0.81±0.06 g/L/h. . Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysates of acid and base pretreated samples with S. cerevisiae produced maximum ethanol 7.52±0.24 g/L and 14.5+0.54 g/L respectively after 72 hours fermentation. Maximum ethanol yield of 0.31±0.03 g/g and 0.40+0.02 g/g sugar respectively for acid and base pretreated samples. The ethanol yields showing that base pretreated sample was producing higher conversion ratio of substrate (80% of theoretical yield) compared to acid pretreated sample (62% of theoretical yield).
Association between Soluble Klotho and Change in Kidney Function: The Health Aging and Body Composition Study
Authors: Drew David A. , Katz Ronit , Kritchevsky Stephen , Ix Joachim , Shlipak Michael , Gutiérrez Orlando M. , Newman Anne , Hoofnagle Andy , Fried Linda , Semba Richard D. , Sarnak Mark
Published: January 2017

CKD appears to be a condition of soluble klotho deficiency. Despite known associations between low soluble klotho levels and conditions that promote kidney damage, such as oxidative stress and fibrosis, little information exists regarding the longitudinal association between soluble klotho levels and change in kidney function. We assayed serum soluble α-klotho in 2496 participants within the Health Aging and Body Composition study, a cohort of older adults. The associations between soluble klotho levels and decline in kidney function (relative decline: eGFR decline ≥30%; absolute decline: eGFR decline >3 ml/min per year) and incident CKD (incident eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and >1 ml/min per year decline) were evaluated. We adjusted models for demographics, baseline eGFR, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, comorbidity, and measures of mineral metabolism. Among participants, the mean (SD) age was 75 (3) years, 52% were women, and 38% were black. Median (25th, 75th percentiles) klotho level was 630 (477, 817) pg/ml. In fully adjusted models, each two-fold higher level of klotho associated with lower odds of decline in kidney function (odds ratio, 0.78 [95% confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.93] for 30% decline in eGFR, and 0.85 [95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.98] for >3 ml/min per year decline in eGFR), but not of incident CKD (incident rate ratio, 0.90 [95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.04]). Overall, a higher soluble klotho level independently associated with a lower risk of decline in kidney function. Future studies should attempt to replicate these results in other cohorts and evaluate the underlying mechanism.
Formation of the Affective-Cognitive Representation of Body in the Context of Psychosomatic Development
Authors: Chebakova .. , Kharisova R.R. , Komolov D. , Enikolopov S.N.
Published: January 2017

The article describes the phenomenology of health groups, substantiates the possibility of determining the psychosomatic ontogenesis as the formation of affective and cognitive representations of parts of the body in an integrated, systematic intra-psychic system from the perspective of cultural-historical approach and psychoanalytic theory to the study of the specificity of the reflection body experience. The paper presents analysis of the stages’ the forming a representation of the body, the main elements of its affective and cognitive components. Discusses the theoretical and methodological problems of the dynamics of affective and cognitive representation of the body in children and adolescents with various health groups. The problem of psychosomatic dysontogenesis viewed from the perspective of deconstruction and imbalance affective-cognitive components of body representation, as well as factors of child-parent relationships and its role in the formation of a detainee psychosomatic development.
Parental Attitude to Upbringing the Child with Chronic Somatic Disease (Based on Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Authors: Buslaeva A.S.
Published: January 2017

The article describes a study of upbringing attitudes of 30 mothers of children and adolescents aged 7–16 years old suffering from severe chronic disease – juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Modified method of A.A. Shvedovskaya "Parent's essay" in the form of unfinished sentences was used. Content-analysis identified three variants of the upbringing attitudes of mothers. The most supportive, person-focused attitude manifested in 13.3% of mothers. Training-focused attitude was revealed in 33.3% of mothers; it leads to the neglect of physical and psychological difficulties of the child caused by the disease. Treatment-focused attitude, which leads to an underestimation of the psychological needs of the child and his or her mental development objectives, was observed in 50% of mothers. Results of the "Parent's essays" were compared with the data of interaction observation of mothers with children during their stay in hospital. As a result of observation, in one mother "distant" attitude was detected. The article discusses the impact of suboptimal parental attitudes on the psychological state and personality development of a chronically ill child. The obtained data allow to determine the direction of the consultative psychological care to facilitate the harmonization of parental upbringing attitudes.
Labour admission test: a screening test for foetal distress in labour
Authors: Rasheed Mohd , Srivastava Ajay K.
Published: January 2017

Background: Labour is a very short period in the life of a foetus but poses the maximum threat. Improvements in medical technology have made it possible to monitor fetal well-being during labour. The introduction of labour admission test has proven to be of benefit in identifying patients at risk for developing distress and implementing timely intervention.Methods: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the same. This was a prospective study done on 500 patients above 37 weeks of gestation in cephalic presentation. EFM was done using oxford sonicaid 8002 CTG machine and Gem premier 3000 (model no 5700) arterial blood gas analyzer machine was used for determining the pH of fetal blood.Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 15.0 statistical analysis software. p value <0.001 was considered highly significant. Results revealed that a total of 105 (80.77%) babies had fetal distress in category II and III out of 135, whereas only 30 (8.11%) were distressed in category I out of 370. Test had a sensitivity of 77.7% and specificity of 93.15% with a positive predictive value of 80.7% and a negative predictive value of 91.89%.Conclusions: It has become evident that combined use of CTG with cord blood pH is more accurate way of predicting and diagnosing birth asphyxia.
Comparative study between bone patellar tendon bone and quadrupled hamstring autografts in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with aperture fixation
Authors: Shaktawat Dilip S. , Mishra Anil Kumar , Kashid Manoj R. , Chaudhry Amit , . Rajshekhar , Stanely Abin
Published: January 2017

Background: Bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) and hamstring (HT) auto grafts have been used routinely in reconstruction of ACL over past two decades. Controversy still remains as to which graft is superior over other. Many studies have compared these graft options using different implants and different methods of fixation. Continuation of efforts in the same direction; purpose of the study is to compare these two graft options utilizing identical implants and similar method of fixation.

Methods: 40 patients of clinically and radiologically diagnosed ACL tear fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized into two groups to undergo arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using quadrupled hamstring graft (n=20) and bone patellar tendon bone auto graft (n=20) utilizing bioscrew by aperture fixation method in both the groups. They were compared post operatively for symptomatic improvement, clinical and rolimeter laxity tests and Lysholm functional knee scoring at 02 year.

Results: At the end of 02 years laxity measurement by rolimeter showed slightly better results in BPTB group; however it was not statistically significant (p value= 0.362). Knee pain at the end of 02 year was slightly more in HT groups (45%) as compared to BPTB group (35%) but not significant (p value =0.748). Instability symptoms are comparable in both the groups (sense of giving away on exertion). Manual laxity testing by Lachman and Pivot shift tests were comparable in both the groups with p value of 0.695 and 0.999 respectively. Lysholm functional knee score also showed no statistical significance (p value =0.957).

Conclusions: There is no significant difference between HT and BPTB auto grafts in terms of clinical and functional outcome at the end of 02 years. 
CILINAYA: NASKAH SASAK BERNUANSA ISLAM
Authors: Hidayat R Aris
Published: January 2017

Currently there is an indication of crisis of self-identity/national­
identity. This is remarked by blurred social solidarity, kinship, and so­
cial friendliness in line with reinforced materialism values. To re­
strenghten self-identity I national-identity, government and society try
to discover values in manuscripts. Manuscripts are past cultural trea­
sures that full of noble values. This research aimed to discover and to
re-actualize noble values in a manuscript as an improvement and
strengthen model of social solidarity, kinship and social friendliness
values that tend to blur.

This research examined a manuscript entitled Cilinaya. This manu­
script is a Sasak's Islamic manuscript stored in West Nusa Tenggara
Museum. The aim of current research are to discover Islamic thoughts
in Sasak 's manuscript expected to contain noble values as a source of
improvement and strengthening social solidarity, kinship and social
friendliness that currently are blurring. The research used philology
approach and content analysis with Roland Barthes' semiotic
postructural method to discover cultural codes in this literature work.

The results showed that (I) Cilinaya manuscript of such palm leaves
is one of Sasak's syncretism Islamic literature works. It contents Is­
lamic and Hinduism substances as well as local custom. (2) Islamic
substances in Cilinaya manuscript are oneness and morals. Oneness
related to oneness of God (Allah), while morals related to human being
interrelationship. This moral aspect regulated moral ethics and behav­
ioral rules in their society life. ( 3) Hinduism and custom aspects in this
manuscript covered different human being classes based on caste and
presenting offerings to God and considered God as a point to asking
and prayerful for help.
DARI TRAINER, IMAM IBADAH HINGGA PATRONASE SPIRITUAL : Pelayanan KBIH AL-Hikmah Kepada Calon/ Jamaah Haji di Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Nurhadi Agus
Published: January 2017

Some people stated that the roles of KBIH and its services toward pil­
grims are questionable. Several KBIHs have been changed to business
institution rather than social institution. There is a kind of comodi.fication
of it. This paper argues, based on field research, that KBIH al-Hikmah
has given satisfied services to pilgrims. The services were not only in
the preparation of pilgrimages (manasik), but also during the pilgrim­
ages in Mecca and and after the pilgrimages in Indonesia. In the prepa­
ration of pilgrimages, the role of KBIH was a trainer - making candi­
dates of pilgrims are more understanding and capable for practicing
the ritual. In Mecca, KBIH was not only as guider of long journey. but
also the imam of various rituals of pilgrimages. The role of KBIH has
become spiritual patronages ( ecclesiasticum] of pilgrims in the rest of
their lifes.
SYAŢAḤAT KAUM SUFI (Sebuah Telaah Psikologis)
Authors: ZULKARNAIN DZIKRULLAH
Published: January 2017

Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada telaah atas ungkapan syaţaḥat kaum sufi. Ungkapan ini seakan-akan sufi memposisikan diri sebagai Tuhan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan analisis isi sehingga diperoleh temuan sebagai berikut: seorang sufi mengalami keadaan syaţaḥat karena kuatnya emosi dan ekstase spiritual yang sangat bergejolak yang disebut wajd. Karena mengalami pengalaman penyatuan diri (itthād), sufi sampai pada keadaan mabuk (sakr), yang diikuti sinyal-sinyal ketuhanan dalam dirinya yang mengajak pada penyatuan diri sehingga dia memposisikan diri sebagai Tuhan; sampai pada hilangnya kesadaran diri sebagai manusia.

 

Kata kunci: syaţaḥat, ekstase, psikologi, kaum sufi.