bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties of Co-Cr Alloys for Metal Base Framework
Authors: Carek Andreja , Babic Jasenka Zivko , Schauperl Zdravko , Badel Tomislav
Published: July 2011

Purpose

This study investigated the effect of two welding methods on the mechanical properties of a cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy for metal base framework.

Materials and methods

Fifty-four plates were cast for TIG and laser welding. Cobalt-chromium for plates were prepared and divided into three groups of 18 samples. Group 1 and 2 were cut at the center of the plate. Eighteen specimens were joint by using TIG (Primotec Phaser Mx1), and other 18 by laser (Nd:YAG laser). Specimens in the as-cast condition were used as control group (group 3). After joining, each specimen was microscopic analyzed and tested to flexural and dynamic failure. Failure loads were recorded and fracture strength calculated.

Results

The changes in microstructure and micro-hardness were studied in the heat-affected zones (HAZ) and unaffected zones. Micro- hardness values increased in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and in welded material compared to the parent material. The ANOVA test showed a highly significant difference (α = 0.05) between the joint strengths of the as-cast control specimens and, TIG and laser-welded joints. The flexural and dynamic strength of the joints were higher than those for the TIG-welded joints, and both were higher than the laser-welded joint strengths for the tested Co-Cr alloy.

Conclusions

Although laser is more popular, in our research TIG showed better results for flexural and dynamic strength.
Effect of Addition of Sapphire (Aluminium Oxide) or Silver Fillers on the Flexural Strength Thermal Diffusivity and Water Sorption of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resins
Authors: Jain Veena , Arora Neelu , Chawla Anoop , Mathur Vijay Prakash
Published: July 2011

Purpose

This work was undertaken to investigate the effect of adding sapphire (aluminium oxide) or silver filler particles on the flexural strength, thermal diffusivity and water sorption of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin.

Materials and methods

A total of 90 samples were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 30): Group I-PMMA (control), group II- PMMA with sapphire fillers and group III-PMMA with silver fillers. Each group samples were divided into three subgroups (n=10) according to the properties evaluated. Sub group I: Flexural strength samples (rectangular bars of 65 ⨯ 10 ⨯ 2.5 mm dimensions), sub group II: Thermal diffusivity samples (cylindrical shaped of 9 ⨯ 9 mm dimensions) and sub group III: Water sorption samples (disk shaped of dimensions 50 ⨯ 0.5 mm). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction tests (p < 0.05).

Results

The mean flexural strength of group II (116.5 MPa) was significantly higher while that of group III (77.91 MPa) significantly lower than the control group (88.63 MPa). The mean thermal diffusivities of both group II (0.079 mm/sec) and III (0.123 mm/sec) were found to be significantly higher than the control group (0.062 mm/sec). Both group II (0.59 mg/cm) and group III (0.53 mg/cm) showed significantly less mean water sorption than the control group (0.65 mg/cm).

Conclusion

As compared to silver fillers, sapphire fillers are purported to be better fillers for the reinforcement of polymethylmethacrylate resin. This is because they have potential as added components in denture bases to provide increased flexural strength, thermal diffusivity and decreased water sorption.
Prosthodontic Management of Brothers affected from Anhydrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Padmanabhan Thallam Veer , Thomas Bijoy
Published: July 2011

Anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare congenital disease that can affect several ectodermal structures, such as hair, teeth, skin, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands. It is commonly a difficult condition to manage with prosthodontics because of the typical oral deficiencies and also patients are quite young when they are evaluated for treatment. This clinical report describes the management of two brothers affected by ectodermal dysplasia, prosthodontically. It is important that these patients should get dental treatment at an early stage for physiologic and psychosocial reasons. Dental treatment can vary depending upon the severity of the disease. This case report describes the use of removable partial dentures to replace congenitally missing teeth, and composite resin material to restore the conical maxillary central incisors to achieve a favorable esthetic result. This approach rehabilitates patients without sacrificing healthy dental tissues.
Neuroprosthetic Rehabilitation of Acquired Skull Defects
Authors: Sharma Ankit
Published: July 2011

Cranial defects can be broadly classified as congenital and acquired defects. Among the congenital defects, encephalocele is the most common cause while trauma, infections and tumors form the bulk of the acquired skull defects. There has been large number of cranial injuries occurring in this modern age requiring the skull reconstruction not only for rehabilitating the skull cosmesis but also improving the neurological status of the patient. The reconstruction of the cranial defects using alloplastic materials opens a new field for the prosthodontist, in which he can render a worth-while health service to the society. This article illustrates a case report of neuroprosthetic rehabilitation of a patient who had a road traffic accident sustaining multiple bone fractures, including skull followed by decompressive craniectomy and cranioplasty using a Titanium cranial prosthesis with prosthodontists and neurosurgeons working as a team, thereby improving his neurological status and cosmesis.
Iodine monoxide at a clean marine coastal site: observations of high frequency variations and inhomogeneous distributions
Authors: Commane R. , Seitz K. , Bale C. S. E. , Bloss W. J. , Buxmann J. , Ingham T. , Platt U. , Pöhler D. , Heard D. E.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. The first in situ point observations of iodine monoxide (IO) at a clean marine site were made using a laser-induced fluorescence instrument deployed at Mace Head, Ireland in August 2007. IO mixing ratios of up to 49.8 pptv (equivalent to pmol mol−1; 1 s average) were observed at day-time low tide, well in excess of previous observed spatially-averaged maxima. A strong anti-correlation of IO mixing ratios with tide height was evident and the high time resolution of the observations showed IO peaked in the hour after low tide. The temporal delay in peak IO compared to low tide has not been observed previously but coincides with the time of peak aerosol number previously observed at Mace Head. A long path-differential optical absorption spectroscopy instrument (with a 2 × 6.8 km folded path across Roundstone Bay) was also based at the site for 3 days during the point measurement observation period. Both instruments show similar temporal trends but the point measurements of IO are a factor of ~6–10 times greater than the spatially averaged IO mixing ratios, providing direct empirical evidence of the presence of inhomogeneities in the IO mixing ratio near the intertidal region.
The Role of Axial Length-Corneal Radius of Curvature Ratio in Refractive State Categorization in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Iyamu Eghosasere , Iyamu Joy , Obiakor Christian Izuchukwu
Published: July 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of axial length (AL)/corneal radius of curvature (CRC) ratio (AL/CRC) with spherical equivalent refractive state (SER) in young adults. A total of seventy () subjects consisting of 31 males and 39 females participated in this study. Subjects were categorized into emmetropia, hyperopia and myopia using the spherical equivalent refraction. The axial length was measured with I-2100 A-Scan ultrasonography/Biometer (CIMA Technology, USA), the corneal radius of curvature with Bausch & Lomb H-135A (Bausch & Lomb Corp., USA), and the refractive state by static retinoscopy and subjective refraction. The mean AL, CRC and AL/CRC ratio of all subjects were 23.74 ± 0.70 mm, 7.84 ± 0.19 mm, and 3.03 ± 0.14, respectively. Myopes had significantly longer AL, steeper CRC and higher AL/CRC ratio than the emmetropes and hyperopes. There was statistically significant inverse correlation between AL and CRC (, ), SER (, ), and between SER and AL/CRC (, ). A significant positive correlation was found between CRC and SER (, ). The categorization of the refractive state of an individual is better done by using the AL/CRC ratio index.
Corrigendum to: Multi-year fertility reduction in free-roaming feral horses with single-injection immunocontraceptive formulations
Authors: Gray Meeghan E. , Thain David S. , Cameron Elissa Z. , Miller Lowell A.
Published: July 2011

Context.
Contraception is increasingly used as a management technique to reduce fertility in wildlife populations; however, the feasibility of contraceptive formulations has been limited until recently because they have required multiple treatments to achieve prolonged infertility.

Aims.
We tested the efficacy and evaluated potential side effects of two contraceptive formulations, a porcine zona pellucida (PZP) formulation, SpayVac� and a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) formulation GonaCon-B?, in a population of free-roaming feral horses (Equus caballus). Both formulations were developed to provide several years of infertility with one injection.

Methods.
Females were treated in June 2005 with either GonaCon-B (n�=�24), SpayVac (n�=�20), adjuvant only (n�=�22), or received no injection (n�=�18). Females were monitored for fertility status year round for 3 years after treatment.

Key results.
Both contraceptive treatments significantly reduced fertility for 3 years. Fertility rates for GonaCon-B mares were 39%, 42% and 31%, respectively, and 37%, 50% and 44% for SpayVac mares. During the same seasons, 61%, 67% and 76% of control females were fertile. We found no significant effects from contraceptive treatment on the sex ratio of foals, birthing season or foal survival.

Conclusions.
These results demonstrated that both vaccines are capable of significantly reducing fertility for several years without boosters.

Implications.
Contraceptive vaccines examined in the present study represent a useful tool for the management of feral horses, because of their being efficacious for 3 years in the absence of booster immunisations.
Parent Perceptions of NutriSTEP and Nutrition Risk Screening in a Sample of Ontario Preschool Children
Authors: Rysdale Lee A. , Witchell Eliana C. , Keller Heather H. , Randall Simpson Janis A. , Turfryer Mary C. , McGibbon Kim A. , Beyers Joanne E.
Published: July 2011

Nutrition screening with NutriSTEP (Nutrition Screening Tool for Every Preschooler) requires parents to complete a 17-item, self-administered questionnaire and follow through with appropriate recommendations. Parents’ perceptions of screening and referral procedures can be used to evaluate the process of an ethical child nutrition screening program. Targeted implementation of NutriSTEP took place in 3 diverse Ontario communities using an assisted or self-referral model. Of the 364 respondents, 264 parents consented to a follow-up telephone interview, with 164 (62%) interviews conducted in English or French. The interview focused on parents’ reasons for participating, their perspectives of screening and referral processes, and any perceived barriers to, concerns about, and benefits of screening. Most parents reported that screening confirmed their perception of risk; reminded them about healthy preschool diets and areas to improve; increased their nutrition awareness, motivation, and confidence; and informed them about additional information sources. Some barriers to seeking referrals or further education included not being concerned, no time for referrals or dietary changes, and not knowing where to go for more information. Overall, nutrition risk screening using NutriSTEP was well accepted, yet referral uptake was modest. Efforts are needed to encourage parents of children at risk to follow through with recommendations.
Loading mechanics of the femur in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) during terrestrial locomotion
Authors: Sheffield K. Megan , Blob Richard W.
Published: July 2011

Salamanders are often used as representatives of the basal tetrapod body plan in functional studies, but little is known about the loads experienced by their limb bones during locomotion. Although salamanders' slow walking speeds might lead to low locomotor forces and limb bone stresses similar to those of non-avian reptiles, their highly sprawled posture combined with relatively small limb bones could produce elevated limb bone stresses closer to those of avian and mammalian species. This study evaluates the loads on the femur of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) during terrestrial locomotion using three-dimensional measurements of the ground reaction force (GRF) and hindlimb kinematics, as well as anatomical measurements of the femur and hindlimb muscles. At peak stress (29.8±2.0% stance), the net GRF magnitude averaged 0.42 body weights and was directed nearly vertically for the middle 20–40% of the contact interval, essentially perpendicular to the femur. Although torsional shear stresses were significant (4.1±0.3 MPa), bending stresses experienced by the femur were low compared with other vertebrate lineages (tensile: 14.9±0.8 MPa; compressive: –18.9±1.0 MPa), and mechanical property tests indicated yield strengths that were fairly standard for tetrapods (157.1±3.7 MPa). Femoral bending safety factors (10.5) were considerably higher than values typical for birds and mammals, and closer to the elevated values calculated for reptilian species. These results suggest that high limb bone safety factors may have an ancient evolutionary history, though the underlying cause of high safety factors (e.g. low limb bone loads, high bone strength or a combination of the two) may vary among lineages.
Teaching Risk Management and Safety as a Tool for Supporting Sustainable Development - A Curriculum Development
Authors: Shahriari Mohammad
Published: July 2011

Teaching Risk Management and Safety as a Tool for Supporting Sustainable Development - A Curriculum Development

Training of engineers as one of the main factors for implementing sustainability in industry is a key task. Due to this fact, the courses given in Chalmers should be adapted to the goal of sustainability. This could not be gained without integrating of risk assessment, as a tool of loss prevention, into different course curricula. To meet the demands, a course entitled "Risk Management and Safety" is offered two times a year to pre-service teachers that study in Chalmers master and doctoral programmes. This paper is concerned with presenting a method for developing a course curriculum including designing, control and evaluation of the projects as an essential part of the course. Industrial patterns have an important role especially in designing and evaluating the projects. The learning outcomes and the work efficiency are also controlled and evaluated through a questionnaire and personal interviews.
New data on cetoniidae species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) preserved in the patrimony of the Oltenia Museum Craiova (Romania)
Authors: Chimişliu Cornelia , Mogoşeanu Gima
Published: July 2011

New data on cetoniidae species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) preserved in the patrimony of the Oltenia Museum Craiova (Romania)

The paper includes new data concerning the species Cetoniidae family preserved in the patrimony of the Oltenia Museum Craiova. The examined material (1029 specs) was collected between 1951-2009 from 55 sites, mostly from Oltenia and two sites from Constanţa county. 17 of the 19 species and subspecies previously known in this area have been identified. The Protaetia (Netocia) cuprea metallica (Herbst, 1782) subspecies is mentioned for the first time in the fauna of Oltenia. The identification of the Oxythyrea cinctella (Schaum, 1841) reconfirms the presence of this species in the Romanian fauna. The only mention of this species belongs to Panin (1957). The following species have not been found again: Protaetia (Netocia) fieberi (Kraatz, 1880) and P. (Netocia) ungarica (Herbst, 1790) which were previously mentioned in the museum patrimony (Chimişliu, 1999). At present, in the fauna of Oltenia 20 species and subspecies are confirmed, out of which 19 are preserved in the patrimony of the Oltenia Museum of Craiova.
Distances esthétiques, proximités sociales. Les conditions de l’élaboration du jugement critique des publics du Festival d’Avignon
Authors: Ethis Emmanuel
Published: July 2011

Au Festival d’Avignon, ce ne sont pas des spectateurs de théâtre comme les autres auxquels on a affaire. Avec le temps, Avignon est devenue une ville-Festival transfigurée par les attentes multiples de ses spectateurs-festivaliers. Chacun espère y trouver théâtre à son goût, et retrouver l’intensité, l’émotion originelle d’un premier grand moment de théâtre. C’est sans doute la raison pour laquelle le Festival d’Avignon est à ce point porteur de grandes aspirations, mais aussi de grandes déceptions.
La preuve judiciaire et la liberté du juge
Authors: Halperin Jean-Louis
Published: July 2011

Souvent présenté comme la réunion des procédés visant à établir la vérité factuelle, le droit des preuves constitue plutôt un ensemble de procédures destinées à prévenir et surtout à trancher les procès. Historiquement, la typologie juridique des preuves et le choix de leur emploi sont liés aux questions d’organisation judiciaire et aux débats sur le pouvoir des juges. La rationalisation a consisté à préférer, dans bien des cas, l’encadrement de la décision judiciaire, par la définition de preuves légales ou objectives, aux règles permettant aux juges de faire état de leurs propres informations ou de s’appuyer sur leur conscience. En même temps, l’institution du jury, telle qu’elle a été pratiquée en Angleterre puis sur le continent européen, a redonné toute son importance à l’intime conviction. L’histoire de la preuve judiciaire est celle de l’évolution diachronique et géographique de ces constructions de règles s’adressant prioritairement aux juges.
Y a-t-il encore une perspective pour l’homme ?
Authors: Mesnard Philippe
Published: July 2011

Dès son développement au XVe siècle, la perspective est liée à la modernité et à l’idée de l’« homme » prenant progressivement forme et se développant jusqu’aux Temps modernes. Ceux-ci, à partir du XIXe siècle, voient émerger et se réaliser la volonté de maîtriser totalement l’homme et son champ de vision. En ce sens, la perspective dépasse les techniques de la représentation de l’espace et s’affirme comme un indicateur majeur de la situation, voire de la condition de l’homme dans le monde moderne. De même qu’elle est un élément clé du rapport « réaliste » à la réalité, elle se trouve au coeur d’enjeux tout aussi importants où l’espace urbain s’articule aux démonstrations du politique et de sa volonté de puissance.
Perspectives numériques
Authors: Lavaud-Forest Sophie
Published: July 2011

Les mondes numériques et les technologies de communication et d’information ont modifié vision, connaissance et expérience spatio-temporelle. L’homogénéité de l’espace perspectiviste de la Renaissance donnait à l’homme une position centralisée et immuable qui a été ébranlée tout d’abord par le cubisme puis par les espaces scéniques relativistes et distribués de Cage ou de Cunningham. Avec les perspectives numériques actuelles, des multimondes fragmentés mais interconnectés amènent à repenser l’humain dans la systémique et la complexité.
L’oeil médusé
Authors: Auclair Valérie
Published: July 2011

Cet article analyse la perspective dans Les Massacres du Triumvirat (toile d’Antoine Caron datée de 1566) et fait une archéologie du terme « triumvirat » aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles. L’oeuvre repose sur une disposition frappante en perspective : les triumvirs sont représentés au niveau du point de fuite et les effets de leur pouvoir rayonnant, les massacres de la population romaine, sont projetés à l’avant du tableau. D’où une théâtralisation des événements, qui provoque l’émotion du spectateur, au détriment d’une lecture humaniste, fondée sur l’exactitude historique et sur la valeur exemplaire de l’épisode. La perspective est un élément essentiel du dispositif qu’a élaboré Caron, et elle constitue la base de toutes les interprétations du tableau ; toutefois elle ne détermine aucune de ces interprétations en particulier. Elle n’a pas de sens en elle-même, mais elle structure toutes les lectures qu’on peut produire de l’oeuvre.
Auprès et au loin
Authors: Tosi Michèle
Published: July 2011

Relative au temps et à l’espace, la perspective en musique - une troisième dimension dans l’art sonore - est une notion qui semble s’affirmer au cours de l’histoire, pour devenir une préoccupation majeure des compositeurs au début du XXe siècle : avec la « musique de plein air » d’un Debussy, les accords « gratte-ciel » d’un Varèse et l’ « art des sons projetés » des électroacousticiens, les sons vont désormais s’inscrire dans la hauteur, la largeur et la profondeur de l’espace de résonance telles des images en perspective. Cet exposé vise à cerner l’itinéraire sonore de ces compositeurs visionnaires qui entendent modeler les sons dans l’espace - ou l’espace dans le son - selon des géométries variables et singulières.
La Querelle des femmes au cœur du jansénisme
Authors: Kostroun Daniella
Published: July 2011

Cet article aborde le conflit entre Louis XIV et les religieuses de Port-Royal en mettant l’accent sur la place de la culture nobiliaire et de la capacité d’action des femmes dans la querelle janséniste. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement à la manière dont les liens entre la réforme d’Angélique Arnauld, en 1609, et une nouvelle culture nobiliaire, qui a tacitement entériné l’entrée, par ascension sociale, de nouvelles familles dans la noblesse française, a créé un conflit (une querelle des femmes) à Port-Royal dans les premières décennies du XVII e siècle. Cette querelle, à son tour, est entrée en résonance avec les débats théologiques sur l’ Augustinus de Jansen, qui sont devenus de plus en plus brûlants à partir des années 1640. Les craintes suscitées par cette nouvelle culture nobiliaire et par le développement de la capacité des femmes à agir, qui jusqu’alors étaient latentes dans la querelle des femmes à Port-Royal, sont, à partir de là, demeurées centrales dans le conflit janséniste. En reconnaître l’importance nous permet de mieux comprendre pourquoi Louis XIV a été si résolu à détruire Port-Royal en 1709 et à mieux apprécier l’empreinte posée par les religieuses sur cet épisode historique.
Marseille et la question du mercantilisme : privilège, liberté et économie politique en France, 1650-1750
Authors: Horn Jeff
Published: July 2011

Cet article cherche à mettre en lumière l’efficacité des transformations des politiques publiques qui ont permis à l’État des Bourbons de retrouver et de fortifier sa position dominante dans le commerce européen avec l’Empire ottoman entre 1650 et 1750. Ces mesures reposent sur l’utilisation à la fois du privilège et de la liberté et elles ont été concentrées sur le port franc de Marseille comme relais entre les produits lainiers du Languedoc et les marchés du Levant. Les succès français en Méditerranée sont issus de politiques gouvernementales qui ressemblent à celles mises en œuvre par les compétiteurs directs de la France dans le monde atlantique. Ils révèlent les similitudes dans les approches économiques des États ouest-européens à l’époque moderne, et démontrent par là-même que l’historiographie anglophone comprend encore mal les concepts de mercantilisme, de développement économique et les débuts de l’industrialisation.
Inequality and Redistribution
Authors: Iversen Torben , Soskice David
Published: July 2011

Résumé Cet article explique la persistance de disparités dans les niveaux d’inégalité et de protection sociale au sein des économies développées en termes de variétés de capitalismes et de systèmes politiques. Là où le capitalisme est coordonné, comme en Europe du Nord, les systèmes politiques sont fondés sur le consensus et les élections se font à la proportionnelle ; la politique de consensus et le capitalisme coordonné se renforcent mutuellement pour engendrer un niveau d’inégalité relativement faible et un haut niveau de protection sociale. Là où le capitalisme est libéral, dans les pays anglo-saxons, les systèmes politiques sont concurrentiels avec un système électoral majoritaire : le renforcement mutuel du système politique et du type de capitalisme produit une relative inégalité de revenu et une protection sociale réduite à un filet de sécurité. Les deux systèmes peuvent soutenir des économies potentiellement compétitives au plan international, avec différents avantages comparatifs institutionnels et des succès dans différents secteurs du marché mondial. JEL Code: H2, H5, P16, P51, J5
Experimental and numerical considerations on the failure of thin coating systems in forming technology
Authors: Lampke T. , Wielage B. , Nehrkorn S. , Rupprecht C. , Neugebauer R. , Schmidt G. , Oppermann C.
Published: July 2011

Im Sonderforschungsbereich 692 werden hochfeste Aluminiumlegierungen entwickelt, um den steigenden Anforderungen des Leichtbaus gerecht zu werden. Diese neuartigen Legierungen führen bei Umformwerkzeugen zu hohem Adhäsionsverschleiß. Aus Umweltschutzgründen soll diesem nicht wie bislang durch verstärkten Trenn‐ und Schmiermitteleinsatz, sondern durch eine angepasste Werkzeugbeschichtung und/oder Modifikation der Randschicht begegnet werden. Zur Auslegung der Werkzeuge, Beschichtungen und Substrate, im besonderen Hinblick auf die erhöhten thermomechanischen Belastungen, werden im Teilprojekt B1 Experimente in Kombination mit der Methode der Finiten Elemente (FEM) angewendet. Um die Schicht‐Substrat‐Systeme vollständig numerisch abzubilden, werden Modelle und Materialparameter generiert. Im Besonderen wird dabei ein Schwerpunkt auf die schädigungsmechanische Simulation gelegt. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Oberflächencharakterisierung und Bestimmung allgemeiner mechanischer Parameter für Dünnschichten und fokussiert auf die Erstellung von Schadensmodellen und Ermittlung von Schadensparametern.
Strength investigation on a safety component of aluminium on the example of a bicycle brake lever
Authors: Gröber D. , Leidich E. , Lang H. , Brůžek B.
Published: July 2011

Im Rahmen des wachsenden Interesses an der Betriebssicherheit von Fahrrädern und deren Komponenten wurden Gestaltfestigkeitsuntersuchungen an einem Fahrradbremshebel aus einer Aluminiumgusslegierung durchgeführt. Neben Materialuntersuchungen und einer FE‐Analyse wurde je eine Zeitfestigkeitsgerade für zwei Stichproben von Bremshebeln aus jeweils unterschiedlichen Herstellungszeiträumen experimentell ermittelt. Die gegenüber der ersten Stichprobe mit einem Neigungsexponent von 5,5 steiler verlaufende Zeitfestigkeitsgerade der zweiten Stichprobe liegt außerdem im Bereich größerer Schwingspielzahlen. Die Ursache hierfür ist in einer nachweisbar veränderten Gussqualität zu sehen. Im Bereich der Betriebsfestigkeit wurden 2‐Stufen‐Blockversuche durchgeführt. Unter Anwendung der Miner‐Regel ergaben sich aus den Versuchsergebnissen Schadenssummen größer eins. Die Versuchsergebnisse liegen somit im sicheren Bereich.
Was ist innovativ an der Schematherapie?
Authors: Jacob Gitta A.
Published: July 2011

Zusammenfassung.Schematherapie ist eine Weiterentwicklung der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie, die insbesondere zur Behandlung von Persönlichkeitsstörungen und anderen chronischen psychischen Störungen eingesetzt wird. Sie zeichnet sich aus durch eine Integration kognitiver, emotionaler und behavioraler Methoden aus verschiedenen Therapieschulen sowie eine intensive Gestaltung der therapeutischen Beziehung. Innovativ sind Aspekte der Beziehungsgestaltung sowie der konsequente und an einem transparenten Konzept ausgerichtete kombinierte Einsatz sehr verschiedener Interventionsmethoden. Die Wirksamkeit bei Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung wurde bereits nachgewiesen. Zukünftige Studien müssen zeigen, ob die aktuelle stetige Ausweitung des Indikationsbereiches der Schematherapie auch bei anderen Patientengruppen zu effektiven Behandlungen führt und ob die mit diesem Ansatz geleistete Komplexitätsreduktion mit der Formulierung immer neuer störungsspezifischer Konzepte aufrechterhalten werden kann.
How the Media Frames the Immigration Debate: The Critical Role of Location and Politics
Authors: Fryberg Stephanie A. , Stephens Nicole M. , Covarrubias Rebecca , Markus Hazel Rose , Carter Erin D. , Laiduc Giselle A. , Salido Ana J.
Published: July 2011

The media plays an important role in how the American public understands controversial social and political issues, such as immigration. The purpose of this article is to examine how key features of the media, such as location (Arizona vs. National) and political ideology (Liberal vs. Conservative), affect the framing of arguments supporting and opposing the anti‐immigration bill (Arizona SB 1070). A content analysis was conducted using 3 weeks of newspaper articles from two Arizona newspapers (one Conservative, one Liberal) and five national newspapers (three Conservative, two Liberal). Analyses revealed that both location and political ideology influenced the framing. Specifically, the national newspapers were more likely than Arizona newspapers to frame arguments supporting the bill in terms of threats (e.g., threats to economic and public safety) and to frame arguments against the bill in terms of civil rights issues (e.g., racial profiling). In terms of political ideology, Conservative newspapers were more likely than Liberal newspapers to frame the bill in terms of economic and public safety threats, but did not differ in mentions of civil rights issues. The implications for attitudes toward immigrants and legal ethnic minorities and for defining the boundaries of the American national identity are discussed.
Scalp blood lactate for intra‐partum assessment of fetal metabolic acidosis
Authors: HEINIS AYESHA M.F. , SPAANDERMAN MARC E. , GUNNEWIEK JACQUELINE M.T. KLEIN , LOTGERING FRED K.
Published: July 2011

Objective. To study to what extent the fetal scalp blood lactate concentration during labor correlates with fetal scalp pH and base deficit, and metabolic acidosis at birth, and to suggest lactate cut‐off values to serve as indicators for either reassurance or immediate intervention. Design. A retrospective observational study. Setting. Labor ward at a university medical center. Sample. Fetal scalp and cord blood samples with acid‐base and lactate values from 486 singleton pregnancies beyond 34 weeks’ gestation. Methods. The relation between lactate, pH and base deficit (BD) in fetal scalp blood was tested by Spearman's rho correlation coefficient. Lactate cut‐off values indicating either reassuring fetal status or immediate intervention were estimated using percentile distribution and compared with pH and BD. Main outcome measures. Metabolic acidosis, defined as umbilical cord artery pH below 7.05 and BD calculated for the blood compartment above 12mmol/l. Results. After 127 (21%) exclusions, 486 cases were available for analysis. Fetal lactate values increased with evolving metabolic acidosis. Lactate concentration correlated with both pH (r=−0.50, p<0.01) and BD (r=0.48, p<0.01). Lactate <5.4mmol/l indicated reassuring fetal status, whereas lactate ≥6.6mmol/l indicated metabolic acidosis. Fetal lactate correlated better with either the absence or presence of metabolic acidosis at birth than did fetal pH and BD. Conclusions. In the case of a non‐reassuring fetal heart rate, fetal scalp blood lactate provides more accurate information on fetal acid‐base status than does pH and/or BD.
Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Transmission Obscure in Nigerian Patients
Authors: Obienu Olive , Nwokediuko Sylvester , Malu Abraham , Lesi Olufunmilayo A.
Published: July 2011

Aim. To determine the prevalence of anti-HCV and risk factors associated with HCV infection in Nigerians.Materials and Method. Patients attending a general outpatient clinic were administered a structured questionnaire on the risk factors for HCV infection. They were also tested for anti-HCV using a third generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Result. The seroprevalence of anti-HCV was 4.7%. Among the risk factors evaluated, none was found to be significantly associated with anti-HCV seropositivity.Conclusion. The risk factors associated with HCV infection in Nigerian patients are obscure. This warrants further studies on the epidemiology of this important cause of liver disease.
Polymorphisms of Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Are Associated with Acute Cerebral Infarction in the Chinese Population
Authors: Fu Yi , Ni Peihua , Ma Jianfang , Ying Yayun , Zhao Jing , Liu Jianrong , Chen Shengdi
Published: July 2011

Background and Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in the development of cerebral infarction as a major mediator of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the VEGF gene polymorphisms were associated with the risks of acute cerebral infarction. Methods: We examined the distribution of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), –1154G/A, 936C/T and –2578C/A, in the promoter and coding region of the VEGF gene in DNA samples from 147 Chinese patients with acute cerebral infarction and 131 control subjects. Results: There was nosignificant difference in allele and genotype distributions of –1154G/A, 936C/T and –2578C/A with the risk of acute cerebral infarction when compared with controls. However, haplotype analysis from the above-mentioned three polymorphisms showed that haplotype ACC was significantly lower in patients with acute cerebral infarction (0.020) than in controls (0.054) (p = 0.034). Conclusions: These data suggested that the –1154/, 936/ and –2578/ ACC haplotype was associated with the risk of acute cerebral infarction with an OR of 0.361, and it may reduce the risk of acute cerebral infarction through the regulation of VEGF expression.
Prevalence of and Antecedents to Dementia-Related Missing Incidents in the Community
Authors: Bowen Mary Elizabeth , McKenzie Barbara , Steis Melinda , Rowe Meredeth
Published: July 2011

Objective: The primary aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of and antecedents to missing incidents among community-dwelling persons with dementia. Methods: This prospective study used mailed surveys and telephone interviews. Results: The prevalence of having any incident was 0.46/year; the overall prevalence for missing incidents in this study was 0.65/year. Missing incidents had few antecedents and occurred largely when persons with dementia were performing everyday activities that they normally completed without incident. Conclusion: Given that a missing incident is relatively common among persons with dementia, health care professionals should assist caregivers with a missing incident plan early in the disease process. Also, as missing persons are found by persons other than the caregiver and caregivers underutilize identification devices, health care professionals may recommend the use of identification devices to facilitate a safe return.
Leaderless genes in bacteria: clue to the evolution of translation initiation mechanisms in prokaryotes
Authors: Zheng Xiaobin , Hu Gang-Qing , She Zhen-Su , Zhu Huaiqiu
Published: July 2011

Background

Shine-Dalgarno (SD) signal has long been viewed as the dominant translation initiation signal in prokaryotes. Recently, leaderless genes, which lack 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR) on their mRNAs, have been shown abundant in archaea. However, current large-scale in silico analyses on initiation mechanisms in bacteria are mainly based on the SD-led initiation way, other than the leaderless one. The study of leaderless genes in bacteria remains open, which causes uncertain understanding of translation initiation mechanisms for prokaryotes.

Results

Here, we study signals in translation initiation regions of all genes over 953 bacterial and 72 archaeal genomes, then make an effort to construct an evolutionary scenario in view of leaderless genes in bacteria. With an algorithm designed to identify multi-signal in upstream regions of genes for a genome, we classify all genes into SD-led, TA-led and atypical genes according to the category of the most probable signal in their upstream sequences. Particularly, occurrence of TA-like signals about 10 bp upstream to translation initiation site (TIS) in bacteria most probably means leaderless genes.

Conclusions

Our analysis reveals that leaderless genes are totally widespread, although not dominant, in a variety of bacteria. Especially for Actinobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus, more than twenty percent of genes are leaderless. Analyzed in closely related bacterial genomes, our results imply that the change of translation initiation mechanisms, which happens between the genes deriving from a common ancestor, is linearly dependent on the phylogenetic relationship. Analysis on the macroevolution of leaderless genes further shows that the proportion of leaderless genes in bacteria has a decreasing trend in evolution.
Indium Gallium Nitride on Germanium by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Lieten R.R. , Tseng W.-J. , Leys M. , Locquet J.-P. , Dekoster J.
Published: July 2011

Indium containing III-Nitride layers are predominantly grown by heteroepitaxy on foreign substrates, most often Al2O3, SiC and Si. We have investigated the epitaxial growth of InxGa1-xN (InGaN) alloys on Ge substrates. First we looked at the influence of buffer layers between the InGaN and Ge substrate. When applying a high temperature (850 °C) GaN buffer, the InGaN showed superior crystal quality. Furthermore the influence of growth parameters on the structural quality and composition of InGaN layers has been looked into. For a fixed gallium and nitrogen supply, the indium beam flux was increased incrementally. For both nitrogen- as well as for metal (Ga + In) rich growth conditions, the In incorporation increases for increasing In flux. However, for metal rich growth conditions, segregation of metallic In is observed. An optimum in crystal quality is obtained for a metal:nitrogen flux ratio close to unity. The XRD FWHM of the GaN (0002) reflection increases significantly after InGaN growth. Apparently the presence of indium deteriorates the GaN buffer during InGaN growth. The mechanism of the effect is not known yet.
School-Based Mentoring for Professional Development of Inclusive School Teachers
Authors: Bērziņa Ženija
Published: July 2011

School-Based Mentoring for Professional Development of Inclusive School Teachers

Because of the importance and the complexity of inclusive education, the implementing of a new teaching method in fifteen schools of four regions of Latvia was integrated with school-based teacher mentoring in a two-year project. A new method of teaching basic concepts for children with learning disabilities was a crucial part of in-service teacher training mentoring programme. This paper illuminates mentors' and teachers-mentees' perceptions on the impact of mentoring on their teaching at the primary school level. Data collected by the means of self-evaluation includes teachers' and their mentors' views on the role of mentoring and teachers' collaboration in teachers' professional development and inclusion of children with special needs. The results of the study show that mentoring and collaboration are pre-conditions for successful teachers' professional development, which creates, in its turn, a favourable basis for enhancement of inclusive education programmes.
Relationship Between Rapid Naming Speed and Reading Speed as a Marker of Reading Difficulties of Estonian Children from 6 to 8 Years
Authors: Lukanenok Kadi
Published: July 2011

Relationship Between Rapid Naming Speed and Reading Speed as a Marker of Reading Difficulties of Estonian Children from 6 to 8 Years

Reading is one of the fundamental skills for successful performance in modern society. Reading acquisition is one of the most important tasks in primary level of education. The early identification of reading difficulties (RD) enables educators to apply the treatment as early as possible. Rapid naming (RN) is one of the reliable methods used to identify RD and risk for RD. The relationship between RN skills, especially RN speed and reading decoding speed, is investigated as a good tool for predicting reading at decoding level and welldocumented in languages using non-transparent orthography. Few researches are carried out on RN skills in transparent orthographies. The current research is the first attempt to investigate RN skills of children speaking Estonian, highly transparent Finno-Ugric language. The aim of this study is to examine longitudinally RN speed and decoding skills of children at the age 6, 7 and 8 years to detect the relationship between RN speed in prereading age and reading age after starting formal reading instruction.
Protected lepidopteran species (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in North-East of Romania
Authors: Corduneanu Constantin
Published: July 2011

Protected lepidopteran species (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in North-East of Romania

In the present paper references on the lepidopteran species in need of protection, specified in the EU Habitats Directive, as well as the species included in the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 57/2007 on the regime of the natural protected areas, the conservation of the natural habitats of flora and fauna have been made. Information is provided on the distribution and status of the protected population of Lepidoptera from Botoşani county (North-East of Romania).
A practical two-step procedure for the preparation of enantiopure pyridines: Multicomponent reactions of alkoxyallenes, nitriles and carboxylic acids followed by a cyclocondensation reaction
Authors: Eidamshaus Christian , Kumar Roopender , Bera Mrinal K , Reissig Hans-Ulrich
Published: July 2011

A practical approach to highly functionalized 4-hydroxypyridine derivatives with stereogenic side chains in the 2- and 6-positions is described. The presented two-step process utilizes a multicomponent reaction of alkoxyallenes, nitriles and carboxylic acids to provide β-methoxy-β-ketoenamides which are transformed into 4-hydroxypyridines in a subsequent cyclocondensation. The process shows broad substrate scope and leads to differentially substituted enantiopure pyridines in good to moderate yields. The preparation of diverse substituted lactic acid derived pyrid-4-yl nonaflates is described. Additional evidence for the postulated mechanism of the multicomponent reaction is presented.
Soldering of temperature‐sensitive, aluminium based Composites
Authors: Wielage B. , Grund T. , Hoyer I. , Weis S.
Published: July 2011

Das Fügen von temperaturempfindlichen Aluminiummatrix‐Verbundwerkstoffen erfordert geeignete Lotwerkstoffe und angepasste Fügetechnologien. Dabei existieren unterschiedliche Lösungsansätze. Einerseits zeichnen sich die entwickelten, partikelverstärkten Zinnbasislote durch niedrige Verarbeitungstemperaturen und gesteigerte mechanische Eigenschaften aus. Andererseits ermöglichen die entwickelten, ultraschallunterstützten Löttechnologien mit induktiver bzw. widerstandsbasierter Erwärmung den Einsatz von Zinkbasisloten. Die notwendige Löttemperatur wird dabei lokal in der Fügezone erzeugt. Die Kombination mit der Ultraschalleinleitung stellt eine flussmittelfreie Benetzung der Fügeflächen sicher.
On the eigenvector algebra of the product of elements with commutator one in the first Weyl algebra
Authors: BAVULA V. V.
Published: July 2011

Let A1 = K〈X, Y|[Y, X]=1〉 be the (first) Weyl algebra over a field K of characteristic zero. It is known that the set of eigenvalues of the inner derivation ad(YX) of A1 is ℤ. Let A1 → A1, X ↦ x, Y ↦ y, be a K-algebra homomorphism, i.e. [y, x] = 1. It is proved that the set of eigenvalues of the inner derivation ad(yx) of the Weyl algebra A1 is ℤ and the eigenvector algebra of ad(yx) is K〈x, y〉 (this would be an easy corollary of the Problem/Conjecture of Dixmier of 1968 [still open]: is an algebra endomorphism of A1 an automorphism?).
Schematherapie quo vadis?
Authors: Jacob Gitta A. , Lieb Klaus
Published: July 2011

ZusammenfassungSchematherapie ist eine integrative Weiterentwicklung der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie für Patienten mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen und anderen chronischen psychischen Problemen. Aktuelle Studien untersuchen die Wirksamkeit dieses Ansatzes insbesondere bei Patienten mit Cluster-C-Persönlichkeitsstörungen, bei forensischen Patienten und als Gruppenansatz.
Thermal conductivity measurements using 1ω and 3ω methods revisited for voltage-driven setups
Authors: Kimling J. , Martens S. , Nielsch K.
Published: July 2011

1ω and 3ω methods are widely established transient measurement techniques for the characterization of thermal transport in bulk-materials, thin films, and 1D nano-objects. These methods are based on resistance oscillations of a heater caused by Joule-heating from a sinusoidal current at frequency 1ω which lead to changes in the 1ω voltage and produce a voltage component at 3ω. Although the usual formalism for analyzing the measurement data assumes an ideal current source, voltage-driven measurement setups are employed in many cases. In this context, we find that there has been lack of clarity if a correction generally has to be considered when analyzing the measurement data from voltage driven setups. In this work, Fourier-analysis is employed to show that a correction is not required for 1ω methods and for 3ω measurements that use common-mode-subtraction. Experimental results are presented for a line heater on a fused silica substrate with known thermal properties, and for an individual nickel wire with diameter of 150 nm.
Homozygously deleted gene DACH1 regulates tumor-initiating activity of glioma cells
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Ogiwara Hideki , Ehata Shogo , Mukasa Akitake , Ishikawa Shumpei , Maeda Daichi , Ueki Keisuke , Ino Yasushi , Todo Tomoki , Yamada Yasuhiro , Fukayama Masashi , Saito Nobuhito , Miyazono Kohei , Aburatani Hiroyuki
Published: July 2011

Loss or reduction in function of tumor suppressor genes contributes to tumorigenesis. Here, by allelic DNA copy number analysis using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array and mass spectrometry, we report homozygous deletion in glioblastoma multiformes at chromosome 13q21, where
DACH1
gene is located. We found decreased cell proliferation of a series of glioma cell lines by forced expression of DACH1. We then generated U87TR-Da glioma cells, where DACH1 expression could be activated by exposure of the cells to doxycycline. Both ex vivo cellular proliferation and in vivo growth of s.c. transplanted tumors in mice are reduced in U87TR-Da cells with DACH1 expression (U87-DACH1-high), compared with DACH1-nonexpressing U87TR-Da cells (U87-DACH1-low). U87-DACH1-low cells form spheroids with CD133 and Nestin expression in serum-free medium but U87-DACH1-high cells do not. Compared with spheroid-forming U87-DACH1-low cells, adherent U87-DACH1-high cells display lower tumorigenicity, indicating DACH1 decreases the number of tumor-initiating cells. Gene expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay reveal that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2/bFGF) is transcriptionally repressed by DACH1, especially in cells cultured in serum-free medium. Exogenous bFGF rescues spheroid-forming activity and tumorigenicity of the U87-DACH1-high cells, suggesting that loss of DACH1 increases the number of tumor-initiating cells through transcriptional activation of bFGF. These results illustrate that DACH1 is a distinctive tumor suppressor, which does not only suppress growth of tumor cells but also regulates bFGF-mediated tumor-initiating activity of glioma cells.