bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The response of kenaf accessions to Sclerotium rolfsii the causal agent of damping-off disease
Authors: Supriyono  , Wijayanti K S , Hidayah N , Yulianti T
Published: May 2021

Damping-off disease caused by a fungusSclerotium rolfsiiis one of important diseases on kenaf, a fiber-producing crop. The disease could cause considerable yield losses on fiber production. The use of resistant varieties is the most effective control method for the disease. Understanding the characteristic of resistance of kenaf accessions is important to support the development of resistant varieties. Therefore, this research aimed to determine resistant characters of 15 kenaf accessions to damping-off disease caused byS. rolfsii. The research revealed that there was one accession (CI/77/17/37) showed moderately resistance to S.rolfsii. In addition, five accessions (CI/77/17/21, CI/77/17/25, CI/190/31, C2/210/50/1, and C3/222/2/57) were susceptible and the other accessions were very susceptible toS. rolfsii. It was expected that this information would be useful for kenaf breeders to develop resistant varieties of kenaf to damping-off disease.
Avifauna in the Wehea-Kelay Landscape, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Mukhlisi  , Rifqi M A , Atmoko T , Purnomo  , Chayatuddin A , Yen L , Sayektiningsih T
Published: May 2021

Wehea-Kelay landscape is an unprotected area, located on the eastern part of Borneo Island. It is managed by 7 unit managements, which were mostly timber companies. We compiled and collated our avifauna data with previous studies. We recorded 273 bird species belonging to 60 families during field work. 61 species were protected based on Indonesian regulations. Among of them were threatened species with small population such as Great argus Argusianus argus, Storm’s stork Ciconia stormi, and Helmeted hornbill Buceros vigil. Although Wehea-Kelay is dominated by timber concessions, the landscape can still provide habitat for many species of bird. Nevertheless, anthropogenic pressures i.e. illegal hunting have increased and become a threat for birds particularly commercially traded species such as Leafbirds Chloropsis spp, White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus, Common hill myna Gracula religiosa, and also Helmeted hornbill Buceros vigil.
Cowpea genotypes responses to salinity stress
Authors: Trustinah  , Nugrahaeni N
Published: May 2021

Growth and yield of copea can be affected by abiotic stress such as salinity. Aim of this study was to analyze the tollerant level of cowpea againts salinity. The study was conducted in the screenhouse of Iletri at Malang, East Java during the dry season of 2017. This study conduct using factorial completely randomized design with two replications. The first factor was two environments (non salt stress and salt stress with soil electrical conductivity 9.5 dS m -1). The second factor was 125 cowpea genotypes. Data measurement included plant height, number of branches, number of nodes, pod number, pod length, number of seeds per pods, and seed weight. The soil used in the trial was highly saline, and the stress intensity were ranged from 0.25 to 0.88 for all the observed characters. The genotypes responded variedly to salt stress, and there were a very significant effect on all the characters except the number of nodes. Seed yield and pod number per plant experienced the highest stress level with stress intensity above 0.80. Based on seed yield and the tolerance index, six genotypes were tolerant to the high salinity. The six genotypes were MLG 17019, MLG 17055, MLG 17060, MLG 17186, KT 4, and KT 6. Selected genotypes were prospective for development in the improvement of cowpea varieties tolerance to salinity.
Community structure studies of birds as component evaluation of habitat and ecosystem condition at water sources in Malang Raya
Authors: Rohman F , Diwanata B , Priambodo B , Putra W E
Published: May 2021

The study of bird community structure was carried out in the water sources area in “Malang Raya”. Birds have an important role in sustaining habitat conditions and ecosystem stability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the condition and charachters of habitats and ecosystems of water sources, based on the bird’s community structure. In this present study, visual observation was used by the cruising method, then counting the number of species and number of individuals within a radius of 200 meters from the water source as a focal point of observation. Those methods were performed with three times replications a day during March 2019. Data collection was done at eight water sources, including Kendedes, Waras, Taman, Sira, Jenon, Wendit, Brantas, and Cangar. The analyses showed that the diversity index (H’) gain 2.88 scores, 0.92 scores for evenness (E), and 5.25 for species richness (R). Based on the results, We interpret that the ecosystem condition at eight sites of the water source can still support as a bird habitat under the carrying capacity. Overall, habitat and ecosystem conditions in the Malang Raya water sources still tend to be stable, with low ecological pressure.
Effect of growth regulators on betalain profile in callus culture of Celosia sp.
Authors: Mastuti R , Munawarti A , Siswanto D
Published: May 2021

Red and yellow inflorescence ofCelosiaindicated the content of betalain pigment, betacyanin and betaxantin. In vitro system through callus culture is one of the strategies for producing plant bioactive compounds including betalain. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the content and profile of betalain pigments inCelosiacallus in vitro induced by a combination of auxin and cytokinin. Callus was induced from in vitro cotyledonary and hypocotyl sprouts at 1 week after germination. Callus induction medium was MS + BAP + 2,4-D or NAA. Subsequently, the profile and content of betalain pigments in each type of pigmented callus and in vitro hypocotyl and leaves were analysed by HPLC method. Repeated subcultures every two weeks resulted three types of pigmented callus: red, yellow and greenish white. HPLC analysis of in vitro hypocotyl, leaf and callus tissue derived from red and yellowCelosiainflorescence detected six types of compounds, namely 1) amaranthin, 2) isoamaranthin, 3) betalamic acid, 4) miraxanthin V, 5) 3-methoxytyramine betaxanthine and 6) (S)-tryptophan betaxanthine. Callus from redCelosiacontains a small amount of betaxanthin which was higher in yellowCelosia. BAP:2,4-D combination produced higher total content of betalain pigments.
Reproductive biology of Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers. (Bignoniaceae) collection of Purwodadi Botanic Garden
Authors: Damaiyani J , Prabowo H
Published: May 2021

Botanic garden play a central role in the ex-situ plants conservation. It is important to maintain the survival life of the living plant collections. Knowledge on the details of reproductive biology of the living collections becomes vital to monitor the success or failure of conservation efforts. Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers. (Bignoniaceae) is one of the living plants collection in Purwodadi Botanic Garden that need to be monitored. So far information on the reproductive biology of this species is still limited. Based on that, in relation to the conservation effort, the objectives of this study were to provide knowledge about the reproductive biology of T. pallida. The research was conducted at Purwodadi BG, from September 2019 to February 2020. Several important aspects of reproductive biology, including flower biology, pollen viability and stigma receptivity, breeding system (Out-Crossing Index), and pollination biology were investigated. The results showed that T. pallida was monocious, has a pinkish tubular corolla with a yellow throat. There was no spatial separation between the anther and stigma. At the time of anthesis, both pollen and stigma have been receptive. Based on flower biology, pollen ornamentation (reticulate type), and the Out-Crossing Index (OCI=3), the flower showed some characters of entomophily, but self-pollination was possible. There are some insects visitor, but that acts as a pollinating agent was Vespula. The availability of effective pollinators in botanic garden was an obvious requirement for successful plants conservation.
Biodiversity index of fruit trees cultivated by communities around marginal land in Jombang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Zulfikar  , Arisoesilaningsih E , Indriyani S , Fernandes A A R
Published: May 2021

Marginal land conditions are a major problem in reducing the level of diversity of species due to decreased soil, climate, and water quality and topography. This study aims to analyze the diversity index and the dominance of fruit tree species cultivated by surrounding communities. The research method uses nested sampling in 4 (four) sub-districts, each of which is taken three sample villages and each of them is made of three transect plots measuring sample plots 20 × 20 m 2 (trees), 10 × 10 m 2 (poles), and 5×5m 2 (sapling). Data analysis using the Biodiversity R application program with version R 3.6.1. The results of the analysis of the growth rates of the best tree species were found in Ploso Regency because they had the highest growth rates of trees, poles, and saplings. The diversity of fruit tree species is based on the distribution of the highest H index value of 1.47 and the lowest of 0.58 and includes areas that have an abundance of moderate species. Fruit tree species that have the highest importance value index are Mangifera indica (mango) 70.26% with a tree density of 139 individuals per hectare, then Dimocarpus longan (longan) 40.24% with a tree density of 153 individuals per hectare. The results of this study indicate that the community structure of fruit trees in degraded lands is more dominated by plants from the Sapindaceae and Anacardiaceae families which generally grow spread in the 4 sub-districts studied.
Antixenosis of soybean promising lines and the level of resistance against Etiella zinckenella, the pod borer
Authors: Bayu M S Y I , Susanto G W A , Prayogo Y , Indiati S W
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to determine the antixenosis of soybean genotypes and the resistance to pod borer. 16 successful lines of soybean were used. Planting dates were arranged in a way to integrate the flowering period of 16 promising lines of soybean. For two days, a pair of four-day adult pod borers were infested in each plant at the R4 stage. The result revealed that the difference in soybean promising lines had a major impact on the population of egg and larva, and on the pod damage severity. The lowest egg (1 egg/plant) was identified in Grb/Myp-16 and GH-Gn-8, while the lowest larval population (1 individual/plant) was in GH-Gn-8. The lowest impaired pod intensity was found on Grb/Myp-16 and Brg/Myp-13. The weight of the seed ranged from 2.4 to 6.5 g/plant. The trichome density ranged from 28.3-72/mm 2 with three different positions (leaning, skewed and upright). In summary, four soybean promising lines were consistently resistant to pod borer, Brg/Myp-13, Grb/Myp-16, GH-Gn-8, and GH/KR-13. The resistance was antixenosis or non-preference as both a place to lay eggs so as a feed. These lines had the possibility as a genetic source to improve resistance to Etiella zinckenella.
Environmental management model in coastal area (a case study of ecopesantren Al-Khairat Palu, Central Sulawesi)
Authors: Aulia R N , Jasin F M , Anggraeni D , Narulita S , Mardhiah I , Hadiyanto A
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to determine the environmental management model in coastal areas based on ecosystems; Pesantren Al-Khairat in Central Sulawesi, Case Study. Optimizing environmental conservation is done through many factors, and religious elements become one of these factors; religion becomes a way to shape the character of its adherents in protecting their environment. Islam as a religion has teachings that direct its supporters to protect the environment adequately so that the instructions are in harmony with the concept of environmental conservation. This research uses ecopesantren theory with several indicators. First, the pesantren policy that carries out environmental management by utilizing land to create artificial forests. Utilization is based on an agroforestry, agrosilvopasteur and agrofishery approach. The zone of mangrove forest utilization can help food security and environmental preservation in the Pesantren environment. The existence of an artificial lake as a water catchment area supports efforts to conserve water in Pesantren. Also serves as a water reserve through rainwater collection so that it can minimize the occurrence of flooding. Second, participatory activity-based environmental development policies. Pesantren make santri as an aid team in overcoming natural disasters and ecological disasters to minimize environmental damage, social impacts, and economic losses. The environmental management model carried out by the Pesantren Al-Khairat in Palu in the coastal area and geographically crossed by the equator, can reduce environmental damage and can be used as a role model in disaster mitigation and eco-implementation implementation.
In-silico study of Marselia crenata compounds as activator Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in ovarian function
Authors: Rahayu S , Prasetyawan S , Suprihatin T , Ciptadi G
Published: May 2021

The activity of granulosa cells during folliculogenesis and the presence of follicular atresia causes increased ROS (Reactive Oxygen spesies) level in the ovaries. ROS accumulation will induce disorders of ovarian physiology, so maintaining ROS levels is necessary for normal ovarian physiology. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2) is a protein that plays a role in regulating the expression of genes that induce antioxidant expression. In an inactive, Nrf2 binds to Keap1 in the cytoplasm. Inhibiting the interaction of Keap1-Nrf2 will activate Nrf2 and Nrf2 will move towards the nucleus to regulate some endogenous antioxidants. The research aims to investigate the potential ofMarsilea crenatacompounds as inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 interactions. The study used an in-silico approach. Compounds chosen were Naringenin and Hyperosida. Keap1 (ID: 2flu) was obtained from Protein Data Bank (PDB), while Hyperoside (CID: 5281643), and Naringenin (CID: 932) were retrieved from PubChem database. Keap1 was prepared by removing any solvents and other ligands using Discovery Studio v.19 versions. Naringenin and Hyperoside were minimized their affinity using PyRx 0.8 software. Ligand and protein were interacted using autodock vina integrated with PyRx 0.8 tools and visualized by Discovery Studio v.19. Results showed that Naringenin and Hyperoside bound to Keap1 in the same active sites of Keap1- Nrf2 regions. Both of Naringenin and Hyperoside interacted with Keap1 in different areas. The interaction between Keap1 and ligands (Naringenin and Hyperoside) was through the formation of hydrogen bonds and Van der walls forces. The binding energy of Naringenin and Hyperoside with Keap1 was -6.7 and -7.2 Kcal/mol, respectively. Our study predicted that Naringenin and Hyperoside might have a potential activity to inhibit Keap1-Nrf2 interaction and activated Nrf2 to regulate the antioxidant gene.
Synergy of application fertilizer leaves and organic growth regulatory for growth and production potential of eggplant plants (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Widiwurjani W , Augustien N , Nurfikaini P
Published: May 2021

Eggplants (Solanum melongena L) is a vegetable that people like. Provision of nutrients through leaves and organic hormones which are sustainable materials are expected to increase the productivity potential of eggplant plants. This is caused by the synergy of the application of leaf fertilizer and plant growth hormone. The study was conducted at the Krian District Counselling Centre using a polybag with Factorial Complete Randomized Design repeated three times. Factor I: Leaf Fertility Concentration with 4 treatment levels (G0 = 0g/l water; G1 = 1 g/l water; G2 = 2 g/l water; and G3 = 3 g/l water). Factor II: ZPT concentrations with 4 levels of treatment (Z0 = 0 cc/l water; Z1 = 1 cc/l water; G2 = 2 cc/l water; and G3 = 3 cc/l water). There is a synergy between the application of leaf fertilizer and ZPT on fruit quality with the best application in leaf fertilizer concentrations of 1cc/l and ZPT 2cc/l, where the potential diameter of the fruit increases by 15% and the length of the fruit increases by 28%. The highest potential for vegetative growth is in the application of 1g/l leaf fertilizer where the potential for production increases with 1g/l fertilizer application and 2cc/l hormone administration. The application of leaf fertilizer and hormones gives an increase in yield compared to control where the application of leaf fertilizer increases the potential for growth by 16% and increases the fruit production potential by 66%. In addition, the application of the 2 cc/l hormone can increase growth potential by 6% and increase fruit production potential by 69%.
Spatial distribution of dengue vector mosquitoes in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia (case study: Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru Sub-district)
Authors: Gama Z P , Salsabila R J
Published: May 2021

Jatimulyo Sub-district is one of the highest areas of DHF sufferers in Malang City. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is transmitted through the Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus (the mosquito vectors). This study aims to identify diurnal mosquitoes at in-door and out-door place and to analyse the distribution of DHF vector mosquitoes in Jatimulyo Village, Lowokwaru Sub-district, Malang City. This research conducted in November 2019 until May 2020. Sampling of mosquito and larvae was carried out in 1 house/hamlet, there was determined using purposive sampling method and it carried out within active mosquito biting hours (7.00 a.m - 5.00 p.m). Larvae and imago were captured at in-door and out-door places then there were identified using Guidelines book for DHF entomology surveys and the identification book of Aedes (in bahasa). The survey of larvae & mosquito predators on container, and population mobility were carried out by interviewing homeowners. Abiotic factors measured include of temperature, light intensity, humidity, and wind speed. The location coordinates were recorded with GPS. Data analysis using Microsoft Excel 2010, SPSS 16.0 and QGIS 3.12.1. The results showed that there were 2 mosquitoes Ae. albopictus at the first hamlet outdoor sampling point and one Ae. aegypti at the ninth hamlet outdoor. Larvae Ae. albopictus was found in the sampling points of the sixth and eighth hamlet (in-door place), whereas Ae. aegypti was found at the sampling point in the seventh hamlet (in-door place). The distribution of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes can be influenced by mosquito abundance value, Larva Index value, number of predators, number of container, age population of resident, and mobility of resident.
Overview of Indonesian national cotton varieties (Kanesia) in supporting national textile industri
Authors: Ridhawati A , Hidayat rs T , Nurindah
Published: May 2021

The cotton development program in Indonesia is prioritized to support the national textile industry. Program on Cotton Intensification for Smallholders (IKR) began in 1978/1979 with cotton planted area 15-22 ha and using introduced cotton varieties. The fiber quality of these introduced varieties was appropriate for the raw materials of the textile industry. However, the introduced varieties were not following the Indonesian agroecosystem, especially their resistance to the main cotton pest, namely cotton planthopper, Amrasca biguttulla Ishida. The purpose of this review is to study the development of Indonesian cotton varieties and their use as raw materials in the textile industry. The development of Indonesian cotton varieties began in 1985 oriented to the varieties with characters on high productivity and resistance to cotton planthopper. In the development of the Indonesian National Cotton (Kanesia) variety, there was an increase in production potential and fiber quality, so that it affected its use in the textile industry. From 1990 to 1998, cotton varieties Kanesia 1 - Kanesia 7 were released with high productivity character orientation, namely 350-902.4 kg fiber/ha and relatively resistant to cotton planthopper with a fiber length of 27.78-31.75 mm (fiber category: medium-long). In 2003 Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 were released by improving the character of production and fiber content, id., 650.8-962.2 kg fiber/ha, with fiber lengths of 29.2-30.3 mm (fiber category: medium-long). In 2007 6 new superior varieties were released, namely Kanesia 10 - Kanesia 15 with improved character production potential (586,5-1,178.8 kg fiber/ha), as well as drought-resistant characters for Kanesia 14 and Kanesia 15, fiber length 26,92-29.97 mm (fiber category: medium-long). In 2014, 5 varieties Kanesia 16 - Agri Kanesia 20 were released with improvements to the character of production potential, namely 478.4-1,616.3 kg fiber/ha, and also improvement in fiber quality for the character of strength, elasticity, and smoothness of fiber, with fiber length, 28.7-29.6 mm (medium fiber category). Kanesia 21 - Kanesia 23 were released in 2017 with improvements to the character of production potential, namely 726.1-1,420.3 kg of fiber/ha and improvement in the character of fiber elasticity. Fiber quality is the main character for determining the use of cotton fiber to be processed into yarn (yarn) and the subsequent process to become textile.
Literature review of the development of ZnO and TiO2 as photocatalytic material in water splitting processes
Authors: Istiroyah  , Engge Y , Maulana F , Nurhuda M
Published: May 2021

Water with hydrogen content is a source of renewable fuels that are available in abundance. However, the main constraint of the process of water splitting or hydrolysis is the amount of energy needed in the process. Photocatalysis material is a material that can function as a catalyst that helps the water-splitting process. The characteristics of photocatalytic material are mainly determined by the energy gap or bandgap that will allow the excitation of electrons and holes. This paper will discuss the literature review on the development of ZnO and TiO2 semiconductors as photocatalysis materials.
Cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of combination noni (Morinda citrifolia) and periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) extracts as anticancer candidate
Authors: Agustina D W , Rifa’i M
Published: May 2021

The research of herbal compounds and conventional anti-cancer compounds has been widely explored. Noni fruits are well known as an herbal medicine for cancer. In the meantime, periwinkle develops two strong alkaloids, vinblasts and vincristins. In this study, we evaluate the cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of a combination of Noni fruits (Morinda citrifolia) and Periwinkle Madagaskar leaves (Catharanthus roseus), which in this study called Moriseus extract as an anticancer drug candidate. Noni fruit ethanol extracts and periwinkle leaf. DPPH tests were used to assess the antioxidant of the extracts. The cytotoxicity of the MCF-7 breast cancer extracts was performed using the MTT procedure. In a nutshell, cells were seeded in 96 well plates at various extract concentrations. Cells were incubated for 24 hours and tetrazolium salt solution measured their viability. After 2 h medium aspiration, DMSO was applied and the absorbance with an ELISA plate reader was estimated at 540 nm. Cytotoxicity was considered when a decrease in cell survival of more than 50 percent was observed. Combination Noni (M. citrifolia) and Periwinkle (C. roseus) extract significantly decreased the viability of MCF7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and have IC value 53.84 ppm with the scavenging activity of combination extract are 69.91%. CombinationM. citrifoliaandC. roseusextract have strong cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity which could be high potential as a candidate of anticancer drug.
Offline quality control for optimization of pasteurized milk production parameters
Authors: Andriani D P , Mashito R B , Handayani M L W
Published: May 2021

One of the superior livestock products with high nutritional composition is milk. Food safety must be ensured to maintain milk quality. However, milk quality can change if bacterial levels are not maintained. There are total plate count levels that often exceed standardized levels in milk production. As a case study, one community cooperative producing pasteurized milk find that the total plate count was exceeded the required standard of 3 × 104 CFU/mL. The method proposed in this study is the Taguchi experimental design, an offline quality control monitoring method, with orthogonal array L8(27). There are 7 parameters used as control factors in this study, such as storage temperature and cooling process. The results showed the combination of each parameter to get the most optimal level of total plate count in pasteurized milk. In addition to improving food safety, it is hoped that this study can improve good health and well beings, as well as improve economic prosperity and local livelihoods.
Soil seed bank of an invasive species, Cecropia peltata L. in kapur limestone hills
Authors: Putri W U , Qayim I , Qadir A
Published: May 2021

Cecropia peltata is an invasive species which was initially introduced through Kebun Raya Bogor. Research on the presence of C. peltata and its effect on plant community are still limited and most were based on above ground vegetation observation. Information on seed storage in the soil is important for understanding the impact of plant invasion on an ecosystem. Aim of this tudy is to discover and analyze the impact of C. peltata in the soil seed bank of Kapur limestone hills. Seedling emergence and seed extraction was used for a method. The result showed 646 seedlings of C. peltata in the soil seed bank with seedling density approximately 23.07 ± 33.59 seedlings tray -1. The presence of large amounts of C. peltata in the soil seed bank has the potential to push the dominance of this species on the above vegetation which can subsequently cause loss of native species and habitat destruction.
Phytoremediation model of greywater treatment in the Purwodadi Botanic Garden
Authors: Irawanto R
Published: May 2021

Water treatment of domestic wastewater/greywater to be reused and safe for environment are needed. In addition, bearing in mind that the need for water sources for the community is getting scarce, especially in dry season. Greywater treatment can be done naturally by using plants or known as phytoremediation. With this natural process, the operational costs for treating greywater is cheap. The potential of plants diversity in the Purwodadi Botanic Garden as a wastewater treatment in wetland model can be used as an education tool for visitors and has aesthetic value. The aim of this study was to provide a phytoremediation model for greywater treatment in the Purwodadi Botanic Garden. The method used wasdescriptive (quantitative and qualitative). Data collection was done through obtaining documents, conducting interviews, sampling and laboratory analysisof wastewater quality with parameters stated in Permen LHK 68/2016. The pond as a phytoremediation model in constructed wetland / floating wetland (CW / FW) functions as a propagation of aquatic plants, surface water and greywater treatment, educational facilities, and also recreation facilities. The developed pond is divided into three segments: Zone 1 pre-processing (inlet); Zone 2 processing (CW / FW) and Zone 3 post processing (outlet). The development of zone 3 can enhance the beauty of the landscape while ensuring the diversity of the biological community, as well as other tertiary treatment processing systems.
Diversity of bioactive secondary metabolites produced by medicinal plants of Physalis angulata L. (Ciplukan)
Authors: Mastuti R , Rosyidah M
Published: May 2021

Plants are a main source of various types of secondary compounds. Plant secondary compounds play a greater role in interacting with the environment than contributing to the growth and development. Therefore, different environmental conditions besides influencing growth can also affect the profile and concentration of secondary compounds. Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) has been known as medicinal plants. The medicinal properties are derived from bioactive secondary compounds especially withanolide and physalin. This study aims to identify the diversity of secondary metabolites found in in vitro callus and plants tissue of ciplukan. Withanolide and physalin profiles of callus tissues, cotyledonary shoot-derived plantlet and germinated seeds-derived plant, were evaluated by LC-MS analysis. The LC-MS analysis of methanol extract showed the diversity in the amount and type of withanolide and physalins. This study confirmed that in undifferentiated callus cultures and in vitro induced plantlet of P. angulata the biosynthesis activity was not altered and the accumulation sites of withanolides were not missing. However in vitro regenerated plant produced withanolides and physalins in higher number. Therefore, modification of plant cell culture system to improve withanolide including physalin production of P. angulata is a good future prospect.
Biodiversity conservation of epiphyte orchids in the natural habitat for sustainable bioeconomy
Authors: Soetopo L , Tutik S R , Noorfakhriyah A N
Published: May 2021

Epiphyte orcids grow abundantly in tropical rainforests. To save the existence of epiphyte orchids, it is necessary to keep them from the threat of extinction. Some efforts that could be done is by conducted periodically exploration and conservation activities. Objective of this study was to gather information on the biodiversity of epiphyte orchids at Highway Forest Park Raden Soeryo East Java and supported by exploration data in 2006. Exploration of epiphyte orchid at Jogging Track and Coban Watu Ondo, Highway Forest Park Raden. Soeryo, East Java was conducted in May-June 2019. The research method was descriptive-exploration with random sampling method. Exploration results at South Mt Arjuno Lalijiwo in 2006 recorded epyphyte orchids 14 genus, 33 species, 343 populations; highest IVI Dendrobium nudum 32.01; lowest IVI Liparis caespitosa, Schoenorchis juncifolia and Thrixspermum aff subulantuntum 1.05. At East Mt Anjasmoro found 18 genus, 34 species, 1175 populations; highest IVI Trichostosia annulata 48.21; lowest IVI Ceratostylis andjasmoroensis 0.73. In 2019 at Jogging Track site found epiphyte orchids 14 genus, 53 species, 5545 populations. Highest IVI Appendicula elegans 35.55; lowest IVI Agrostophyllum sp, Bulbophyllum sp and Dendrobium tenellum 0.24 with Shannon-Wiener Index 2.73. At Coban Watu Ondo 14 genus, 37 species, 2352 populations. Highest IVI Eria vericulosa 20.33; lowest IVI Oberonia similis, Bulbophyllum sp, Pholidota carnea, and Appendicula sp 0,40. with Shannon-Wiener Index 2.86. It concluded that biodiversity of epyphyte orchids at Highway Forest Park R. Soeryo is moderately diverse. Its conservation also maintained well. Some epyphyte orchids have bioeconomy potential as raw material for perfume.
Optimization microwave assisted transesterification insitu for biodiesel production from Chlorella sp. using response surface methodology
Authors: Qadariyah L , Panjaitan R , Mahfud M
Published: May 2021

Chlorella sp. is a potential raw material for biodiesel production because of its high lipid content. Microwave assisted transesterification insitu from Chlorella sp. was investigated to determine the effect of reaction time, catalyst concentration and microwave power on biodiesel yield using response surface methodology for optimization. In this process the use of microwave irradiation to speed up the lipid extraction process and the transesterification reaction is simultaneously converted to methyl-esters. Faced-centered Central Composite Design (FCCD) design was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables: reaction time (10-50 minutes), microwave power (300-600 W), and H2SO4 catalyst concentration (0.1-0.9 gr/mL). The results showed that biodiesel yield increased with reaction time, power and catalyst concentration. Through optimization with response surface, this methodology with Face-Center Central Composite (FCCD). gave the highest biodiesel yield of 19.5% at 561 W, 40.5 minutes and 0.42 gr/mL catalyst concentrations with p-values from lack of fit insignificance, indicating that the model was a good representation of experimental.
Determination α-amylase inhibitor activity of methanol extract of coffee leaves using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method and validation
Authors: Wulandari L , Nuri  , Pratoko D K , Khairunnisa P , Muyasaroh L
Published: May 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition caused by the decrease of insulin. Some studies have shown that coffee leaves act as antidiabetic agents. DM can be characterized by high blood glucose levels. To maintain blood glucose levels in normal conditions can be through the inhibition of carbohydrate catabolism such as inhibition of α-amylase. Assay of α-amylase inhibition of coffee leaves extracts in vitro using UV-Vis Spectrophotometric method has been developed to obtain optimum condition. The optimum condition of measurement wavelength, incubation time, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and DNS concentration was 540 nm, 15 min, 0.5 mg/mL, 0.5 U/mL, and 4.38 ppm respectively. The inhibitor concentration of acarbose and extract was 25 ppm and 500 ppm. Evaluation of the validation method showed linear result r = 0.9979 (acarbose); r = 0.997 (extract). Detection limit and quantitation limits of acarbose and extract were 4.7377 ppm; 14.2133 ppm and 108.3539 ppm; 325.0618 ppm. RSD (%) of repeatability precision and intermediate precision test for day 1, day 2, and day 3 were 4.899; 4.899; 6.502 and 4.566 for acarbose and 0.394; 0.394; 0.377 and 0.238 for the extract. The accuracy test showed that the IC50 profile decreased as the number of acarbose additions increased. The IC50 of arabica coffee leaves was 286.804 μg/mL.
Vegetation cover analysis and ecotourism business model for sustainable forest management in Gunung Leuser National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Hartoyo A P P , Sunkar A , Fadillah A , Hidayati S , Winata B , Hadi A N
Published: May 2021

Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) is part of the Tropical Rainforest Heritage program of Sumatra that was designated by UNESCO. GLNP is very vulnerable to vegetation land cover decrease due to illegal logging, encroachment, oil palm expansion, and inappropriate management of ecotourism. GLNP authority has the responsibility to handle forest threats by estimating vegetation cover and manage the ecotourism sector. This study aims to estimate vegetation cover and investigate strategy in developing ecotourism business model for sustainable forest management in GLNP. The methods used Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis in estimating vegetation cover, and Social Enterprise - Business Model Canvas (SE-BMC) in developing a strategic business ecotourism model. NDVI was classified into 5 classes from class 1 to 5 (non-vegetation or very low dense vegetation to very high dense vegetation) based on unsupervised classification (natural breaks in ArcGIS). The results showed the largest vegetation area in GLNP belongs to class 4 (445876 ha or 32.68%) and class 5 (355018 ha or 26.02%). This indicates that the majority of GLNP by area is still densely vegetated. Based on SE-BMC analysis, GLNP management needs to collaborate with the local community and other stakeholders. We recommend improving ecotourism management and enhancing community development.
Ethnobotanical knowledge and vitality of Gayo ethnolinguistic in Jabodetabek, Indonesia
Authors: Sunkar A , Hidayati S , Hartoyo A P , Al-Gayoni Y U
Published: May 2021

Each time a language dies, so do certain plant species. Gayo is classified by Ethnologue as an endangered language, yet Gayo Highland of Aceh harbors rich plant diversity. The language vitality would provide insight into the potential plant conservation efforts within the original geographic site. This research documented the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Gayo diaspora residing in the urban cities of Jabodetabek, Indonesia, and assessed the language vitality. Ethnographic interviews were used in a one-day Focus Group Discussion engaging 10 knowledgeable Gayo elders from various backgrounds and 1 Gayo ecolinguistic expert. The plant list was then compared to the Gayo plants identified from various publications. The language vitality was determined using UNESCO Language Vitality Assessment and EGIDS. FGD and in-depth interview documented 143 plant species with 39.5% new addition to the previous 218 species recorded based on literatures. The language intergenerational transmission indicated that most children still speak Gayo as their first language but are restricted to a specific domain. The results of this research confirm the potential role of the Gayo diaspora of Jabodetabek in maintaining and possible revitalization of the Gayo language and is expected to produce an initial step for plant conservation in the Leuser Ecosystem.
The spatial dynamics of mangrove forest in the Alas Purwo Banyuwangi National Park marine tourism area using remote sensing images
Authors: Utomo D P , Handayani T , Susiloningtyas D , Mansessa M D M
Published: May 2021

Bedul Mangrove Forest, located in the location of the Alas Purwo Banyuwangi National Park (TNAP). In 2009, the mangrove forest was opened as a tourist area. Although the surrounding community no longer cuts down mangroves, the presence of tourists will affect mangrove growth. This study aims to see the right way to identify mangrove areas, see the dynamics of mangrove trends in TNAP, and adapt it to tourism developments. Remote sensing uses Landsat 8 OLI TRS and Landsat 7 ETM + imagery data for 2005-2020. The mangrove density analysis used NDVI, grouped into 5 classes, from very dense to very rare. The results showed that the mangrove area’s total area was 16.47 km2 and was stagnant until the time of determining tourist attractions in 2009. Since the determination until 2020, the mangrove area has decreased to 14.96 km2. Overall, mangroves’ tendency to experience negative is indicated by an increase in the very dense density class and a decrease in other classes. The composition of mangroves has dramatically increased from 2005 to 2020, from 64% to 87% of the entire class.
Variability and time series trend analysis of rainfall and temperature in Dramaga Sub-District, Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: Khyber E , Syaufina L , Sunkar A
Published: May 2021

Human-induced climate change is considered a threat to communities and the natural system, in particular, agriculture, forestry, economy, health, and well-being. Explicitly, extreme weather events namely flood and long dry season, are great concerns for Indonesia and the region. The purpose of this study is to detect rainfall and temperature trends in the Sub-district of Dramaga for the past thirty years. Dramaga has a huge number of populations relying on rain-fed agriculture, to feed themselves and support food security. Monthly rainfall and temperature data were obtained from the Dramaga Climatology Station of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency from the period 1990-2019. A Mann-Kendall statistical test has been run to detect the statistical significance of time series in comparison with the linear model. The findings indicated no significant trends in the seasonal and annual rainfall in the past thirty years, whereas, annual mean and maximum temperature are rising significantly. Further, the annual minimum temperature does not show a statistically significant increase. Climate events owing to the rainfall variation and Temperature rise threaten smallholder farmers. Results of the study might help decision-makers for climate-smart agricultural projects development at the community level. As to be able, to access environmentally sustainable self-sufficient agriculture.
System’s approach to municipal water use allocation
Authors: Abella G P L , Alberto A M P , Tubay J M , Cario Z P M
Published: May 2021

Human activities in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems can cause the depletion of coastal resources. The study aimed to develop a decision support system for the municipality of Palauig, Zambales as the basis for coastal resource management. Water use allocation was done in a systems approach, using Gurobi® - mathematical optimization solver, considering priority goals of Palauig, goal 1 is to maximize mangrove use in minimizing disaster risk, goal 2 is maximizing water suitability and goal 3 is maximizing the total economic value of resources. The municipal water map was divided into 1-ha grids. Optimization run results showed that disaster risk fronting shoreline would be canceled by mangrove allocated on those areas. The area allocation of 331 ha mangrove, 1 ha coral, 1,573 ha seagrass, 50 ha fish cage, 33 ha MPA and 17,942 ha fishing area, the water uses would have economic values of Php 2.9B, Php 20.8M, Php 1.7B, Php 4.1B, Php 323M, and Php 33.9B, respectively. The area allocated for the fish cage did not exceed the allowable area set hence, its environmental impacts would be manageable. Production of 2.3MT would meet Palauig’s consumption requirement for fish.
The ethical of agritourism development in border protected area from stakeholder perspective
Authors: Utama I G B R , Trimurti C P
Published: May 2021

This study describes the stakeholder perception by exploration study toward the development of agritourism attraction. The first factor is agritourism as integrating farming and tourism system that consists of (1) It can be a tourist attraction that has a uniqueness that is completely different from other types of tourist attractions, (2) It can maintain agricultural or plantation land used optimally according to its main function, (3) It can drive the economy of the community as a whole, both communities, investors, and the government, (4) It can integrate farming systems and tourism systems to form attractive tourist attractions in the future, and (5) It can be a tourist attraction that has a uniqueness that is completely different from other types of tourist attractions.
Meristics and morphometrikcs characters of Scylla serrata in Youtefa and Kalimaro, Papua mangrove ecosystem
Authors: Manalu K A A , Bengen D G
Published: May 2021

Observations of the meristic and morphometric characteristics of S.serrata will be carried out in Youtefa Bay, Jayapura, and Kalimaro, Merauke. The research objective was to determine the morphometric and meristic characteristics and their relationship with the mangrove ecosystem. Homogeneity test results showed homogenous results with a correlation (r) 0.80 and (r) 0.85. The results obtained were 96.05% which was not significantly different in meristic and morphometric characteristics. The substrate fraction of Kalimaro is dominated by clay (26.53%) and fine sand (16.84%) which means that the type of substrate is sandy loam, while Youtefa is dominated by coarse sand (27.00%) clay (15.45%), or muddy sand type. For the C-organic deposits on Youtefa (4.92%) and Kalimaro (9.58%) substrates in the good category, but the correlation results showed Kalimaro (r) 95% while Youtefa (r) -95% with a confidence interval (p> 0.05) is directly proportional to the abundance of Kalimaro (39 individuals/m2) and Youtefa (11 individuals/m2). Mangrove density in Youtefa (4,800-7,800 individuals/ha) is dominated by Rhizophora 73.1% and Kalimaro (2,600-3,700 individuals/ha) is dominated by Avicennia 75%. Mangrove ecosystem has a close relationship on meristic and morphometric characteristics compared to Youtefa Bay.
Assessment of disaster resilience in Semarang City
Authors: Narieswari L , Sitorus S R P , Hardjomidjojo H , Putri E I K
Published: May 2021

In order to build a resilient city, it is crucial to assess the current level of resilience as a baseline measurement. This study assesses the progress and status resilience building of Semarang City using a disaster resilience scorecard for cities developed by The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) at the preliminary level. The scorecard assesses disaster resilience by considering Ten Essentials for Making Cities Resilient, as an operational framework of Sendai framework for disaster reduction (2015 – 2030), at the local level. The scorecard has 47 criteria, scoring between 0 to 3 where 0 is representing little or no awareness and 3 is representing full integration of disaster risk reduction (DRR). The finding shows that Semarang has an overall score of 69 out of 141. The analysis suggests that assign a budget for DRR and incentives to increase financial capacity, apply and enforce risk compliant building regulations and land use planning, invest and maintain critical infrastructure, and provide comprehensive post-event recovery plans needs to be improved and prioritized in disaster risk reduction toward a more resilient and safer city.
Predicting spatial distribution of Asian Horned Frog (Megophrys montana Kuhl & Van Hasselt 1882) in Java Island using citizen science’s data
Authors: Rohman M , Prasetyo L B , Kusrini M D
Published: May 2021

Citizen science is a tool that has been used globally to gather data on species, recently, this effort is gaining popularity in Indonesia. Asian horned frog (Megophrys montana) is an amphibian endemic to Java with a significant population declining due to forest or habitat losses. The purpose of this study is to analyze the suitability of the habitat and to estimate the potential habitat of Megophrys montana in Java using maximum entropy (maxent). Ninety-four coordinates data from iNaturalist, a citizen science app, were used in modeling along with altitude, slope, rainfall, distance from rivers, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and land cover categories. Megophrys montana habitat suitability model produced an excellent accuracy with an AUC value of 0.962. Altitude, rainfall, and slope were the most important environmental variables that affect the suitability of the species habitats. The characteristics of Megophrys montana habitat in Java are mountainous forest, wet rainfall, primary or secondary forest with steep slopes, and near to the rivers. West Java and Banten are provinces with the most suitable areas for their habitat, especially within the conservation areas, i.e. Mount Halimun Salak and Mount Gede Pangrango National Park.
Abundance waterbirds and the distribution of trees nesting in Pulau Rambut (Rambut Island) wildlife sanctuary, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Firdausy M S , Mardiastuti A , Mulyani Y A
Published: May 2021

Pulau Rambut is a small island in Jakarta Bay that has been used as a breeding and roosting habitat for various waterbird species. The study aimed to estimate waterbird’s abundance, comparing waterbirds species and abundance data with previous studies in 1990 and 2001, and mapping the distribution of nesting trees. The study was conducted in January-February 2020. Birds were counted using the census method, while the coordinates of nesting trees were taken to map their distribution. There were 13 species of waterbirds (5 egret species, 2 day-heron species, 2 Cormorant species, 1 night-heron species, 1 darter species, 1 stork species, 1 Ibis species). Two species, the Black-headed Ibis and the Little pied cormorant were not found anymore compared to previous studies. The abundance of waterbirds was 4,950 individuals dominated by cormorant species (32%), egret species (28%), and Black-crowned night heron (23%). The number of waterbirds decreased sharply compared to previous studies. Nesting trees were distributed mostly in the east of the island, consisted of 3 sub-colony.