bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upper Bounds and Asymptotics for the q‐Binomial Coefficients
Authors: Kirousis Lefteris M. , Stamatiou Yannis C. , Vamvakari Malvina
Published: March 2003

In this article, we a derive an upper bound and an asymptotic formula for the q‐binomial, or Gaussian, coefficients. The q‐binomial coefficients, that are defined by the expression are a generalization of the binomial coefficients, to which they reduce as q tends toward 1. In this article, we give an expression that captures the asymptotic behavior of these coefficients using the saddle point method and compare it with an upper bound for them that we derive using elementary means. We then consider as a case study the case q=1+z/m, z<0, that was actually encountered by the authors before in an application stemming from probability and complexity theory. We show that, in this case, the asymptotic expression and the expression for the upper bound differ only in a polynomial factor; whereas, the exponential factors are the same for both expressions. In addition, we present some numerical calculations using MAPLE (a computer program for performing symbolic and numerical computations), that show that both expressions are close to the actual value of the coefficients, even for moderate values of m.
Spectral Residues of Second‐order Differential Equations: A New Method for Summation Identities and Inversion Formulas
Authors: Milson R.
Published: March 2003

This article deals with differential equations with spectral parameter from the point of view of formal power series.The treatment does not make use of the notion of eigenvalue, but introduces a new idea: the spectral residue.

The article focuses on second‐order, self‐adjoint problems. In such a setting, every potential function determines a sequence of spectral residues. This correspondence is invertible and gives rise to a combinatorial inversion formula. Other interesting combinatorial consequences are obtained by considering spectral residues of exactly solvable potentials of one‐dimensional quantum mechanics.

It is also shown that the Darboux transformation of one‐dimensional potentials corresponds to a simple negation of the corresponding spectral residues. This fact leads to another combinatorial inversion formula. Finally, there is a brief discussion of applications. The topics considered are enumeration problems and integrable systems.
Encouraging Parental Views as Part of Statutory Assessment: An Analysis of Local Authorities Special Educational Needs Documentation Produced for Parents
Authors: Wolfendale Sheila
Published: March 2003

The report here on documentation and parental support forms part of a wider investigation conducted by Sheila Wolfendale and her colleagues into parent partnership schemes. Local authorities have made clear progress since 1993 in providing information and advice to parents although variations still remain. Wolfendale argues that parental advice is the fourth ‘cornerstone’ of assessment.
A Case for Unpacking? Re‐defining the Role of the SENCO in the Light of the Code of Practice
Authors: Derrington Chris
Published: March 2003

Wherever possible, we continue to report on research into the roles of special educational needs coordinators (SENCOs). Here Chris Derrington describes how twenty schools responded to the Code of Practice requirements. This adds to the growing body of information in this area and highlights vast differences in attitude and provision that exist. Clearly, it is an unhappy situation that SENCOs do not all experience the same level of support and resourcing. Both government and local authorities desperately need to review this situation.
Supporting the Subject Co‐ordinator Through the Process of Curriculum Monitoring in a Special School
Authors: Rose Richard , Parsons Liz
Published: March 2003

The role of the subject co‐ordinator is a relatively new one in many special schools and this article describes how a project was established in one school to promote a system of curriculum monitoring. Richard Rose and Liz Parsons pose important questions about this role and provide useful tips for monitoring the curriculum. Although the authors focus on special school experience, colleagues in similar positions in mainstream education will find much of interest here.
Current Legislation for Pupils with Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties: A Clear Way Forward?
Authors: Gray Peter , Noakes Jim
Published: March 2003

Peter Gray and Jim Noakes identify some of the inconsistencies in the legislation relating to emotional and behavioural difficulties. They trace the events of the last ten years and describe the policy environment, which tends to be still characterised by ‘defensiveness and blame’. The new guidance for schools, they argue, could provide useful opportunities for reassessing provision although they note, inevitably it seems these days, the absence of additional funds to resource policies.
A study of progression in written calculation strategies for division
Authors: Anghileri Julia
Published: March 2003

Many readers will relate, not only as teachers, but also from their own memories of childhood and the rules by which pupils were then taught, to the challenge Julia Anghileri discusses in this article. Her research on effective and ineffective strategies for division sheds light on the problem of how to develop ‘number sense’ in pupils and a thorough understanding of the calculation methods they use.
Is equity compatible with entitlement? Balancing inclusive values and deserving needs
Authors: Corbett Jenny
Published: March 2003

In this article, Jenny Corbett suggests that there is a subtle distinction between equity and entitlement as related concepts. Entitlement is about the allocation of resources, placement and individual rights. It can be seen as positive or negative, depending on how the ‘special need’ label is regarded. Equity is about equitable value systems, the fair sharing of finite resources and a demonstrable respect for differences. It is a philosophical concept, whereas entitlement is about the specifics of material benefits or options. By using diverse examples, from primary to further and higher education, the distinction between equity and entitlement is explored. Whilst a mixture of the two is part of daily reality it is useful to understand the differences, as confusion often results in uneasy tensions in which the underlying causes are misunderstood.
Some aspects of the Inclusion Index in operation
Authors: Norwich Brahm , Goodchild Lou , Lloyd Sue
Published: March 2003

It is fitting that the first article in this curriculum issue is an evaluation of the Index for Inclusion. The Index is a set of materials aimed to support schools in a process of inclusive school development. Brahm Norwich, Lou Goodchild and Sue Lloyd consider the Index from two perspectives and provide an interesting backdrop for the following collection of articles.
The rhetoric and reality of learning support in the classroom: towards a synthesis
Authors: Tennant Geoff
Published: March 2003

In this article Geoff Tennant reviews the literature on learning support, focusing particularly on the underlying principles and issues which need to be thought through. This is contrasted with his observations of learning support in classrooms in the London area, in which there was very little evidence that there had been any thinking behind what happened. Suggestions are then made as to how learning support can be used more effectively, representing better value for money and a more positive working environment for class teachers, those providing the extra support and, crucially, the children receiving it.
Promoting inclusive practice in primary initial teacher training: influencing hearts as well as minds
Authors: Bishop Alison , Jones Phyllis
Published: March 2003

Concern has been expressed over many years about the lack of time and attention given to the preparation and training of teachers to meet the diverse needs of all children. In this article, Alison Bishop and Phyllis Jones describe a small‐scale research project designed to explore the attitudes and perceptions of a group of student teachers towards children with complex and profound learning difficulties. In this study, the students were interviewed before and after participation in structured workshop activities with children. The results suggest that many more student teachers would benefit from the further development of the approach described here.
Teaching and learning at the limit: institutional and social processes of disintegration with school age young people in Hamburg
Authors: Warzecha Birgit
Published: March 2003

Although in Britain we are aware in principle that many of the challenges faced by educators here are familiar elsewhere, this study from Germany provides a valuable insight into one of them: the plight of young people out of school. Birgit Warzecha’s account of a project involving student teachers in the education provided for the young people in the vicinity of Hamburg’s main railway station as part of their own training, extends the discussion of initial teacher training begun in the previous article.
Count me out: task refusal in primary mathematics
Authors: Houssart Jenny
Published: March 2003

In this intriguing article Jenny Houssart does us all a favour in her examination here of what children are supposed to be doing when they refuse to cooperate — surely a question many teachers have pondered. Although her study discusses this situation in relation to mathematics lessons, the conclusions reached have general relevance.
The ‘Education System’: A View from the Inside
Authors: Taylor Howard
Published: March 2003

Howard Taylor leads in this special issue focusing on advocacy and empowerment in relation to children and young people. Here he reflects on his experience of education and schooling to date, and outlines his hopes for the future.
The Circles Network CREDO Project
Authors: Jay Nadine
Published: March 2003

A ‘circle of support’ is a concept with wide application in a range of circumstances and is developing as an important means of promoting social inclusion. In this article Nadine Jay describes the development of ‘circles of support’ for young people with disabilities. She provides an illuminating account of how they function, and of the powerful part the family and community can play in complementing the work of professionals.
Pupils with special needs and the National Literacy Strategy: an analysis of the literature
Authors: Wall Kate
Published: March 2003

When the National Literacy Strategy was implemented in September 1998, Kate Wall was teaching at a junior school in the southwest of England. She became keenly aware of the effects it had on herself as a practitioner, her colleagues and the children identified with special educational needs (SEN) in her class. Now, as an educational researcher, she has had the opportunity to look at the policy changes in literacy education from a new perspective. In this article, looking at current research and commentaries on the National Literacy Strategy and using her own experiences and background, Kate asks how it affects teachers’ professionalism, their practice and perceptions on the inclusion of pupils with SEN.
An examination of the range of children’s experience of work
Authors: Penrose Brown Judith , Blandford Sonia
Published: March 2003

Children’s experience of work raises issues of perennial interest and concern both nationally and internationally. As Judith Penrose Brown and Sonia Blandford point out, the underlying debate about child employment is diverse and complex. Although employment issues are a concern in relation to all children, these issues are particularly significant for those with special educational and/or social needs. This article provides a picture of the pattern of work experienced by children in one town and provides, in addition, a welcome insight into some of the issues faced by education social workers.
V‐Positions and the Middle Field in West Flemish
Authors: Haegeman Liliane
Published: March 2003

The distribution of the finite verb in the West Flemish Infinitivus Pro Participio construction provides evidence for embedded V‐movement in the lower Middle Field of the West Germanic SOV languages. Two functional heads are postulated in the lower Middle Field, F1 (which checks Tense and Negation) and F2 (which checks aspect). FP1 dominates FP2. Finite verbs may remain in F2, or move to F1 (depending on feature strength), infinitives remain in F2. The analysis accounts for the finite/non‐finite asymmetery in the distribution of the negative head en in West Flemish and provides indirect support for Kayne’s antisymmetry hyposthesis.

West Flemish bare infinitival complements remain to the right of F2, IPP complements occupy the specifier position of FP2, and past participles incorporate to F1. A parallelism between DP positions and the positions of non‐finite verbal complements is explored in the final part of the paper.
Unordered Merge and its Linearization
Authors: Yang Charles D.
Published: March 2003

In the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995), Merge is a set operation that imposes no intrinsic ordering among its members. However, syntactic structures are linearized into strings of words at PF. This paper proposes that in order for a Merger set to be linearized, its members must be either hierarchically displaced or morphologically fused into a single terminal node.

The empirical study focuses on the structure of DP and its linearization in various constructions. It is shown that the Definiteness Effect (DE) can be attributed to the failure to linearize the DP in unaccusatives. The systematic lack of the DE in some languages (Arabic, Hebrew, and Romanian), unexpected in previous analyses, is due to the morphological N‐to‐D raising (fusion), therefore satisfying the linearization condition. Furthermore, cross‐linguistic evidence is given to show that D can be attracted out of DP for feature checking, rendering transitive DP arguments well‐formed.
On the Right Edge in Irish
Authors: McCloskey James
Published: March 2003

This paper examines rightward positioning phenomena in Irish and looks particularly at their interaction with the focusing particle féin. It uses that interaction as a probe to distinguish among three theoretical options for explaining such right‐edge phenomena.
On the Definition of X0 and XP
Authors: Carnie Andrew
Published: March 2003

In this article, an underdetermined theory of phrasality is presented, in which bar level plays no role with respect to the rest of the grammar. Evidence for this comes from mismatches in bar level and behavior in Irish and Tagalog nonverbal predication structures, Irish construct state nominals, and Persian nominals.
Correlative and noncorrelative conjunctions in argument and nonargument positions
Authors: Tsohatzidis Savas L.
Published: March 2003

This paper disputes the central thesis of a recent analysis of the relation between coordinate structures of the form “X and Y” and coordinate structures of the form “both X and Y,” when structures of both types occupy argument positions. A reanalysis is not attempted here, but some facts potentially useful in articulating an adequate reanalysis are noted.
More Statistical Nuggets with a Graphics Calculator
Authors: Graham Alan
Published: March 2003

This article follows on from the one in the previous issue concerning exploration of the graphics calculator.
Blackwell Publishers
Authors: Thrift Louise
Published: March 2003

This article abstracts Blackwell Publishers role asa publisher of both statistics and education andour life long goal to extend scholarlycommunication.
The Big Ticket: How Not to Design a Game Show
Authors: Burghes David
Published: March 2003

This article analyses a television game show andsuggests improvements.
On Simulating Realizations of Correlated Random Variables
Authors: Parramore Keith
Published: March 2003

Simulation of correlated observations from athree‐dimensional Normal distribution requiressome preliminary mathematics but then turns outto be easy in Microsoft Excel.
Thou Shalt Not Sit with Statisticians
Authors: Richardson Alice
Published: March 2003

A widely‐used but never‐sourced quotation about statisticians is tracked down.
Do the Lengths of Pebbles on Hastings Beach Follow a Normal Distribution?
Authors: Brooks Ann
Published: March 2003

This article describes a practical activity involving seven 16‐ to 17‐year‐old students, a trainee teacher and the author.
The Case Against Histograms
Authors: Farnsworth David L.
Published: March 2003

A homework assignment used to show students that histograms can be misleading is presented.
On Simulation and the Teaching of Statistics
Authors: Hodgson Ted , Burke Maurice
Published: March 2003

The use of simulation as an instructional tool can promote a deep conceptual understanding of statistics and lead to misunderstandings. Teachers need to be aware of the misconceptions that can arise as a result of simulation and carefully structure classroom activities so as to derive the benefits of this powerful instructional tool.
A New Least‐Squares Regression Model
Authors: Du Feu Chris
Published: March 2003

This article describes simple apparatus for classroom demonstration of fitting a least‐squares regression line.
Correlation: From Picture to Formula
Authors: Holmes Peter
Published: March 2003

Correlation is introduced intuitively early in the school curriculum by considering patterns in scatter diagrams. Later on, various formulae are used for calculating correlation coefficients. This article suggests ways in which the formulae can be related to the scatter diagrams.
Some Misconceptions about Attribute Sampling Plans
Authors: Ng Steve H.K.
Published: March 2003

This article explores some common potential misconceptions about attribute sampling plans. Use of the operating characteristic curve easily enables the misconceptions to be overcome.
Statistics in the Revised National Curriculum for England
Authors: Browne Richard
Published: March 2003

This article introduces and explains the new requirements of the data handling section of the Mathematics National Curriculum in England.

The author’s full address is: Mr Richard Browne, Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, 83 Piccadilly, London W1J 8QA (England).
Classifying Data Displays with an Assessment of Displays Found in Popular Software
Authors: Goldman Robert N. , McKenzie Jr. John D.
Published: March 2003

This article provides a scheme for classifying data tables and graphs and then uses this scheme to organize and assess the tables and graphs found in three commonly used software packages: Microsoft Excel, Minitab and SPSS. The classification and assessment is of one–, two– and three–dimensional displays.
MINITAB MACROS FOR RESAMPLING METHODS
Authors: Butler Adam , Rothery Peter , Roy David
Published: March 2003

This article describes a set of Minitab macros that perform randomization and bootstrap versions of basic statistical techniques, and suggests ways in which the macros might be used in teaching statistics.
Teaching Christian Theology
Authors: Placher William C.
Published: March 2003

Three scholars present narrative descriptions of their syllabi for the first year course in theology. David Goatley discusses the challenges of teaching theology amid the many kinds of diversity characteristic of Memphis Theological Seminary and emphasizes the importance of teaching students how to think theologically. Amy Plantinga Pauw describes the strengths and ongoing problems of an introductory course at Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary which combines theology and church history. Linda Woodhead's account of teaching Christian theology in a religious studies context at Lancaster University focuses on the embodiedness of theology as key to teaching students for whom it really is a foreign language. Surveying the other essays, William Placher notes positive news about the place of Christian theology within a religious studies department and the ongoing challenges faced in many seminaries of teaching theology in less time to less well prepared students.
The Method of Interactive Writing and University Pedagogy
Authors: Boisvert Mathieu
Published: March 2003

For many years now, specialists in learning have remarked that a specific method of writing is used for the elaboration of interactive multimedia systems. This method of writing, which I qualify as interactive, has a primary objective: facilitating information access for the user. In this paper I propose an analysis of the different elements that characterize this method of writing and, more specifically, the different ways in which this new method can be integrated into the elaboration of magistral university courses without using any added computer technology. The professor would then resemble a multimedia system while the students would be the users of this system. This new method of writing and pedagogical structure would be highly propitious for the stimulation of exchange and interactivity, while leaving students the possibility to choose a structure of the presentation that best fits the group. However, for this to happen we must first envisage the possibility of adapting certain multimedia learning methods, recognized as functional, to the more conventional learning methods that the classroom represents.
Teaching the Bible in the Context of General Education
Authors: Smith Jonathan Z.
Published: March 2003

Three conceptions of general education developed under the titles ‘general,’‘generalist,’ and ‘generalizing’ are matched with appropriate strategies for teaching the Bible. These provide the basis for two points relevant to teaching the Bible in colleges and universities: first, that the prime object of attention is not the Bible, but rather a corporate agreement regarding an educational project; and second, that the ways in which the Bible might be taught will vary, appropriately, according to the ways in which that educational enterprise is understood. A corollary is stated: teachers of the Bible need to be as informed about research in teaching as they are in biblical research.
Called to Teach
Authors: Smith Gordon T. , Badley Ken R.
Published: March 2003

During the 1996–97 academic year the authors conducted interviews with seminary professors known by their students, colleagues, and deans as teachers who had remained vibrant into the last decade of their teaching careers. The purpose of the interviews was to hear how these professors viewed the teaching vocation as they had given it expression in their specific institutional settings. From the interview transcripts, the authors have identified eight common threads among the participants, illustrating these with material quoted from the interviews. The last section of the article relates these threads to four orientations: to educational institutions, to the church, to vocation, and to one's own spiritual life. (The surveys described in the article can be found at http://www.web.net/~ccte/called2/html.)
Review Essay
Authors: Webb Stephen H.
Published: March 2003

Bill Readings The University in Ruins
Assessment for the Right Reason The Ethics of Outcomes Assessment
Authors: Glennon Fred
Published: March 2003

This essay explores and challenges the two primary ethical arguments for assessment, accountability, and professional responsibility, by demonstrating their strengths and exposing their weaknesses, which are rooted in their limited notions of community, contract, and guild respectively. In contrast, I argue for assessment on the basis of an ethic of covenantal obligation which incorporates both accountability and responsibility but grounds them on a broader view of community, a view of the teaching‐learning environment as a covenant community replete with mutual obligations and responsibilities, one of which is assessment. While the notion of covenant community has deep roots in American society, its theological underpinnings make the ethic of assessment as covenant obligation most relevant to church‐related institutions of higher education, the context in which I teach and learn. I conclude the paper by delineating some principles for ethical assessment practice which follow from a covenantal perspective.
The Teacher's Dilemma: Redescription in the Teaching of Religious Studies
Authors: Edwards Tony
Published: March 2003

In “Private Irony and Liberal Hope,” Richard Rorty points out that redescribing people often humiliates them. Yet unless religious studies courses suppress the importance of the questions they raise, it seems that they directly or indirectly redescribe the students who take them. Hence the dilemma: do we eschew redescription at the price of a weak treatment of our subject, or do we practice redescription at the risk of humiliating our students? This paper reviews five strategies that do not solve the dilemma, then offers a sixth that does – by developing the distinction between proposing descriptions and imposing them.
New Approaches to Teaching Early Confucianism
Authors: Knapp Keith N.
Published: March 2003

Teachers are often tempted to present early Confucianism as an abstract ethical philosophy whose wisdom stands outside of time and space. Nevertheless, this kind of rarefied treatment makes it difficult for students to understand. Instead, one should try to make Confucianism more tangible by firmly placing it in its historical and intellectual context. This can be done in the following ways: Use indigenous nomenclature for words like “Confucius” and “Confucianism.” Closely examine the history and character of the Confucian community. Draw attention to the overwhelming importance of ritual in Confucian doctrine. Underline the all‐encompassing nature of Confucian religiosity. Show the popular stories and images by which Confucians transmitted their teachings. Although these methods focus on the otherness of early Confucianism and thereby might make it less appealing to modern tastes, they will provide students with a lively and vivid image of the early tradition and its advocates.
Confessions from the Classroom Teaching with Augustinian Eyes
Authors: Stimming Mary T.
Published: March 2003

Through an analysis of Augustine's Confessions, this essay aims to identify the sources, tenets, and implications of the theological anthropology that grounds the author's pedagogy. The author describes classroom dynamics and teaching strategies in terms of the concepts of creation, sin, and redemption found in the Confessions. In relation to Augustine's doctrine of creation, the author argues that a theological anthropology that posits an ineradicable relationship of the human person to God justifies optimism about student response to the study of theology. It also supports a sacramental understanding of the effectiveness of the teacher. In relation to Augustine's theology of sin, the author reflects on the effects of pride on both teacher and student. The section on redemption acknowledges that although the teacher cannot eradicate sin in the classroom, he or she can counter such effects through the responsible and sensitive exercise of authority. Throughout the essay, the virtues of humility and gratitude in the classroom are highlighted, and concrete pedagogical issues are examined in a theological light.
Practicing the Common Good: The Pedagogical Implications of Catholic Social Teaching
Authors: Whitmore Todd D.
Published: March 2003

A persistent question for pedagogy is that of whether and how the content of a course ought to shape the teaching method. Both the understanding of practical reason and the substantive concepts of modern Catholic social teaching support a classroom dynamic of a relatively egalitarian dialectic. The author grounds the case for this pedagogy in the understanding of practical reason as found in Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, and shows that such an understanding is continued in modern Catholic social teaching. He then shows how the social teaching's substantive move to a more egalitarian social theory reinforces the egalitarian mode of reasoning. The author and others are attempting to practice this pedagogy in the context of the University of Notre Dame's new Program in Catholic Social Tradition. The investigation as a whole raises the question of whether colleges and universities that have actively maintained religious affiliations have a decided advantage in sustaining an academic culture where faculty and students can practice practical reason.
Immigration, Exodus, and Exile: Academic Theology and Higher Education
Authors: Cooey Paula A.
Published: March 2003

Recently scholars of religion have disputed whether theology properly belongs to the study of religion in institutions of higher education (McCutcheon 1997a, 1997b; Cady 1998; Brown and Cady forthcoming). At the same time, religious authorities have increasingly censored the work of theologians in seminaries and church‐related schools; witness the loyalty oaths required of scholars in religious studies programs at some Protestant denominationally related colleges and the Catholic Church's recent stand expressed by Ex Cordae Ecclessiae. Both scholars who would exclude theology as a field from the study of religion and ecclesiastical authorities who would censor it fail to acknowledge the emergence of academic theology as a field that does not depend on institutional religious affiliation or personal confession of faith, a field that by its nature does depend for its continued existence on academic freedom. This article suggests a working definition of academic theology and then poses three questions: What might studying different kinds of theology academically teach us about religion? How, properly speaking, is theology as performed in a non‐sectarian environment now a nomad wandering within the formal study of religion? What are the implications of this shift in status for how academic theologians teach? The article is a revision of the inaugural address, by the same title, given for the Margaret W. Harmon professorship in Christian Theology and Culture at Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota, November 18, 1999.
After the Facts: Alternative Student Evaluation for Active Learning Pedagogies in the Undergraduate Biblical Studies Classroom
Authors: Aspan Paul F. , Hawkins Faith Kirkham
Published: March 2003

After laying a theoretical basis for an active learning orientation in the classroom, the co‐authors describe methods they developed to evaluate active learning in two different settings of introductory courses in biblical studies. They argue that honoring diverse learning and communication styles among students does not need to compromise academic rigor. The authors show how portfolio‐based assessment of student learning allows students a range of ways to demonstrate their mastery of the material. Examples are provided of components of student portfolios from their undergraduate classes.
Gracious Play: Discipline, Insight, and the Common Good
Authors: Killen Patricia O'Connell
Published: March 2003

The article is a theological reflection on the vocation of university teaching that describes the heart of the matter of what faculty do in the classroom. The author draws on personal narrative, social‐psychological analyses of how insight occurs and contexts for insights are constructed, and sociological accounts of shifts that have altered significantly the context of university teaching and learning at the cusp of the millennium to make her case. She argues that the vocation of university teaching involves creating spaces of gracious play that are potentially transformative for students and faculty. Creating such spaces, however, draws faculty into an asceticism that can be understood as a spiritual path. The article is a revision of the author's 1999 St. Elizabeth Seton Lecture at the College of Mount St. Joseph, Cincinnati, Ohio.
New Testament Scholarship and the “Jesus Seminar”
Authors: Denzey Nicola
Published: March 2003

This classroom exercise developed out of an effort to make the methodology and practical techniques of our field come alive for students of New Testament at a variety of undergraduate levels. Adapting the controversial “voting” technique of the Westar Institute's “Jesus Seminar,” students vote with colored beads on the authenticity of Jesus' sayings in Matthew's Beatitudes (Matt. 5:3–12). The point of the exercise is not to judge or dismiss Biblical text, but to work actively and thoughtfully with the critical tools and methods of New Testament scholarship, to ponder the implications of academic assessments of “authenticity” when it comes to Biblical text, and to stimulate discussion concerning how we, as professional scholars of the Bible, approach the Gospels.
Community Happens: Anatomy of a Remarkable Teaching Experience
Authors: Haynes Stephen R.
Published: March 2003

There is no pedagogical philosophy or technique that ensures the emergence of genuine community in the religious studies classroom. But teachers can engage in activities that create the conditions for community and student transformation. Among these is strategic self‐disclosure – the practice of revealing one's own orientation toward a subject matter, a discipline, or the institutional context in which teaching and learning take place. But strategic self‐disclosure is not without risks. It can permanently alter the classroom environment and may tap into the teacher's insecurities. The author explores these matters by analyzing a remarkable teaching experience in which community happened. The editors welcome readers’ comments and responses on this article (e‐mail: wabashcenter@wabash.edu).
Reading Images in the Religious Studies Classroom
Authors: Engler Steven , Naested Irene
Published: March 2003

This note presents a method for teaching students to analyze and interpret images in the religious studies classroom. The technique uses two separate exercises: first analyzing images as works of art and then as conveyors of discipline‐specific information. Drawing on the work of Edmund Feldman, our technique grounds interpretation in a methodical description of the basic components and characteristics of images. By helping students to conceptualize the formal qualities of an image as a first exercise, this technique allows them to more confidently address the challenging task of relating aspects of a given image with key concepts of religious studies. This simple first step toward interpreting religious images can help students profit more from texts, videos, lectures, field trips, and further studies in the field.
The Scholarship of Teaching in Theology and Religion: A Wabash Center Advisory Committee Conversation
Authors: Foster Charles R.
Published: March 2003

The article is a reflection on what I perceive to be a confusion about the relation between theoretical judgments and judgments of pedagogical efficacy. My interest in the issue originated with my own confusion over persistent student resistance to certain assigned texts that I had initially felt confident would prove valuable in the classroom. The essay unfolds in three segments. In the first, I recount how this concern about the relation between theoretical judgments and judgments of pedagogical efficacy evolved out of my own teaching. I next list three tentative conclusions about the correlation or lack of correlation between theoretical judgments and judgments of pedagogical efficacy. In the concluding segment, I call for concerted resistance to the tendency of pure rationality to colonize the aesthetic and dramatic components of experience so essential to transformative teaching and learning.
The Arts Of Deception: Verbal Performances By The Ra¯ute Of Nepal
Authors: Fortier Jana
Published: March 2003

A small population of Tibeto‐Burman‐speaking hunter‐gatherers, the Ra¯ute avoid intercultural communication with surrounding Nepa¯li‐speaking agriculturalists except during barter sessions. During these intercultural interactions, Ra¯ute often charm their trading partners with Nepa¯li verbal art, including recitation of rhymes, songs, and blessings. In this article I suggest that Ra¯ute perform verbal art in order to draw attention away from their radically different lifestyle and as a way of resisting the hegemonic process of Hinduization. The article details Ra¯ute oral performance as a strategy of verbal indirection, focusing on the context and framing of rhyming proverbs as a means of camouflaging Ra¯ute people’s actual cultural practices.

ba¯darko sa¯pet.o Ra¯uteko dha¯mi la¯i,

kheti cha¯ina pa¯ti cha¯ina, ke kha¯nu ha¯mi la¯i?

‘The monkey’s thigh is the shaman’s meat,

Having no farmland, what shall we eat?’

Gogane Ra¯ute
EXPERTS OF THE ORDINARY: BEREAVEMENT COUNSELLING IN BRITAIN
Authors: Árnason Arnar
Published: March 2003

Counselling is of increasing importance in British society. Yet, very few detailed ethnographic descriptions exist of how it works in practice. This article focuses on training courses with the national bereavement care organization, Cruse. The discussion revolves around Cruse’s conception of grief as a natural and ordinary process, yet individually variable and unique, and its client‐centred approach, which attributes ‘expert’ status to clients. Consideration of the ‘ordinary’ and ‘expert’ in Cruse ideology suggests fundamental questions: how does Cruse justify its counselling activity? How does it train and motivate people to carry out counselling? I argue that this is achieved by grounding the sense of grief in the trainees themselves through a process of situated learning that allows the trainees to assume expertise of the ordinary. Addressing the work of counselling theoretically, I argue that, while Foucauldian analysis of the psy‐sciences is to some extent applicable to counselling, detailed participant observation reveals complexities in the interplay of subjectivity and subjection that the Foucauldian approach is unable to grasp.
Perspectives on Berber Politics: On Gellner And Masqueray, or Durkheim’S Mistake
Authors: Roberts Hugh
Published: March 2003

An important element of Ernest Gellner’s defence of his segmentarity theory of Berber politics was his claim that this theory can trace its origins to the work of the nineteenth‐century French ethnologist Émile Masqueray, whose study of the Berbers of Algeria was cited by Durkheim to illustrate his concept of ‘segmental social organization’. The implication of Gellner’s claim was that the segmentarity theory applied to Algerian as well as Moroccan Berbers and that Masqueray and his predecessors should be seen as precursors of the segmentarity theory rather than as the originators of a distinct and rival vision. I argue that Gellner’s reading of these authors was mistaken, that their approach to the understanding of Berber political life was profoundly different from, and arguably superior to, the segmentarist perspective which supplanted it, and that the construction which Durkheim placed upon their findings was entirely groundless.
The Purity of Spirit and the Power of Blood: A Comparative Perspective on Nation, Gender and Kinship in Cyprus
Authors: Bryant Rebecca
Published: March 2003

This article argues that the kinship relations of the national ‘family’ are not simply a direct appropriation of ‘natural’ kinship relations but involve a transformation of those relations that also takes into account some gendered image of the land as a member of that family. Using comparative research in the Turkish and Greek communities of Cyprus, I propose that what is centrally important in images of national kinship is the common substance that land and people are imagined to share. Moreover, this common substance is regarded as so ‘natural’ that it constitutes an important axiom that is central to understanding the logic of nationalisms.
Environmentalism and Restructuring of the Global Pulp and Paper Industry
Authors: Collins Lyndhurst
Published: March 2003

A case study of the global pulp and paper industry is used to examine the implications of environmentalism for corporate strategy in the restructuring process. Previous economic analyses concerned with the dispersion of pollution‐intensive industries from countries with strict environmental regulations to developing countries with weak environmental legislation, the so‐called pollution havens, have shown that there is little or no significant causal relationships between the costs of regulation and the observed dispersion. Competing hypotheses of the environment–competitiveness linkage suggest instead that demand, resource endowment, and cheaper labour and construction costs for highly capital intensive industries are more persuasive factors in explaining the dispersion of dirty industries. In this study environmentalism is defined to encompass non‐quantifiable variables involving stakeholder pressures from both consumers and governments. Environmentalism is shown to have significant implications for changes in spatial patterns of production in the pulp and paper industry and for an emerging pattern of international trade in wastepaper which has been recovered under the guise of environmentalism.
Output Effects of Transport Infrastructure: The Netherlands, 1853–1913
Authors: Groote Peter , Jacobs Jan , Sturm Jan‐Egbert
Published: March 2003

In this paper we put to trial the alleged role of investment in transport and communications infrastructure in economic growth in the Netherlands in the second half of the nineteenth century. To do so, we combine a new data set with data‐oriented econometric techniques. Testing of the main hypothesis by applying Granger's concept of causation in a vector auto‐regression model reveals that the development of infrastructure ‘caused’ Dutch economic growth. In order to investigate the underlying mechanisms, we enhance the basic model with impulse‐response analysis. This leads to a clear response pattern of GDP to a change in transport infrastructure investment. The response of GDP is explained as being induced by three underlying mechanisms:

1. Positive forward linkage effects (mainly through reductions in the costs of transport and communications).

2. Positive backward linkage effects (mainly through expenditure and income effects).

3. Negative transitional dynamics (mainly through changes in the spatial setting of the economy).
Agriculture and Innovation in the Urban Fringe: The Case of Organic Farming in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Beauchesne Audric , Bryant Christopher
Published: March 2003

This paper presents the urban fringe as an area where alternative forms of agriculture, i.e. organic farming, are favoured through closer access to such resources as a large urban market and specialised agricultural services. An analysis of organic farming in Quebec, Canada, shows that urban fringe areas account for the highest level of activity in organic farming compared to other regions, confirming the presence of conditions encouraging innovation. Concentrations of organic farming are also present within urban fringe areas, suggestive of other factors, e.g. the role of local actors, which also influence the development of alternative and innovative forms of agriculture.
Making Fruitful Comparisons: Southern Hemisphere Producers and the Global Apple Industry
Authors: Roche Michael , Mckenna Megan , Le Heron Richard
Published: March 2003

Apples along with bananas and oranges are major constituents of a global fresh fruit and vegetable complex (FFV). This paper adopts Philip McMichael's ideas of singular incorporated comparison within a food regimes framework as a means of examining the major Southern hemisphere apple exporting countries. A high level of differentiation among apple exporting countries is revealed in the way in which various producers are integrated into the global FFV complex. This differentiation is manifest in production technology, variety development, research and development focus and ultimately, market premiums and market share. In oversupplied world fruit markets demanding constant innovation, quality accountability and value for money, competing Southern hemisphere exporters face increasing pressures and risks to position themselves profitably within the FFV complex.
Potentials of Labour Out‐migration from Russia: two surveys
Authors: Krassinets Eugene , Tiuriukanova Elena
Published: March 2003

The social and political transitions that have come about in Russia since the mid 1980s, in particular the legal recognition of the right to free movement in the Migration Law of 1993/96, have resulted in an increase in labour out‐migration from the country. This increase is, however, not nearly as large as one would expect given the poor economic conditions in Russia. This paper presents the results of two surveys that were carried out to assess the migration intentions of Russian workers, the methods they employ to effectuate these intentions, and the obstacles they encounter. The population sample of the first survey represented the totality of active men and women in Moscow. The second survey was aimed at a specific sector of the Russian population for whom the possibility of labour migration is particularly relevant, i.e. highly qualified specialists. On the basis of the survey results, conclusions are drawn with respect to the potentials of permanent or temporary labour out‐migration from Russia.
Changing Suburban Landscapes at the Microscale
Authors: Whitehand J.W.R.
Published: March 2003

Focusing on suburban roads developed in the inter‐war period in England, this paper explores the external physical changes to owner‐occupied houses that have occurred in the second half of the twentieth century. The changes examined include the building of extensions, changes to the layouts of gardens, re‐roofing, the construction and alteration of porches, the replacement of doors and windows, and the alteration and removal of chimneys. Roads vary greatly in the amount, timing and nature of the change they have undergone. Influential factors include house type, plot size and shape, changes of occupier, age of household, changes in personal incomes, and pressures to conform. Several of these factors, especially the last, have given rise to the spatial clustering of change.
Assessing the Regional Transactions of Foreign Manufacturers in Wales: Issues and Determinants
Authors: Munday Max , Roberts Annette
Published: March 2003

This paper examines the determinants of foreign manufacturing regional transactions using data derived from an expenditure survey in Wales. The paper assesses the significance of various factors including subsidiary age and plant size, as well as specific industry influences, and explores the dynamics of local purchasing propensities through time. The paper also considers the role of buyer‐supplier partnerships in productivity spillovers at the regional level.
The Spatial Structure of Japanese Business Activities in Europe
Authors: Schlunze Rolf D.
Published: March 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate where Japanese firms have invested, what kind of business activity profiles have developed, and to determine the different types of business activities by structural characteristics of investment. The business activities of 3,089 Japanese affiliated firms in each of 167 regions were analysed. Combinations were identified on the mix of manufacturing, research and service components. Regions were classified with five types based on their business activity profiles: two types were dominated by service activities, two by advanced manufacturing and one by manufacturing activities. In contrast to previous research, the importance of services and manufacturing are identified and their interrelationships with other Japanese business activities such as research and development are clarified. Service regions tend to be dominant in central locations in individual countries, whereas manufacturing regions are more dispersed.