bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mass movements susceptibility mapping by using heuristic approach. Case study: province of Tétouan (North of Morocco)
Authors: Elmoulat Meryem , Brahim Lahcen Ait , Elmahsani Abderrahman , Abdelouafi Abdellah , Mastere Mohammed
Published: August 2021

This research paper aims to model Mass Movements Susceptibility (MMS) in the province of Tétouan. First, we identified the characteristics and spatial mapping of the different types of MM (collapse, mudflows, and complex landslides) by means of the interpretation of satellite images and from fieldwork. Subsequently, we selected the predictive parameters controlling the occurrence of MM e.g. lithology, land use, fault density, hydrographic network density, slope degrees, slope aspects, and elevation. We used the heuristic method for Modeling Mass Movements Susceptibility (MMMS). The choice of this method compared to other methods (fractal, factorial, and neurons) is justified by the possibilities of intervention and the judgment of the expert who relies on the ground truth to select the parameters, to identify the classes, and to assign the weights to each one; unlike to other methods with steps that are done automatically and randomly. The results of the validation of the susceptibility map correspond to 70% compared to the field data and it includes five susceptibility classes (not susceptible, low, moderate, high, and very high). Indeed, the originality of this paper relies on the fact that the creation of our susceptibility map will eventually indicate the areas of roads, dwellings, the extension of urbanization, and dams, which are located in areas at risk of MM. Our map is also a powerful decision-making tool to conduct management plans and to guide the selection of sites to build new projects; which help mitigate the socio-economic impacts usually encountered when mass movements in Tétouan province are triggered.
Understanding and controlling filamentous growth of fungal cell factories: novel tools and opportunities for targeted morphology engineering
Authors: Meyer Vera , Cairns Timothy , Barthel Lars , King Rudibert , Kunz Philipp , Schmideder Stefan , Müller Henri , Briesen Heiko , Dinius Anna , Krull Rainer
Published: August 2021

Filamentous fungal cell factories are efficient producers of platform chemicals, proteins, enzymes and natural products. Stirred-tank bioreactors up to a scale of several hundred m³ are commonly used for their cultivation. Fungal hyphae self-assemble into various cellular macromorphologies ranging from dispersed mycelia, loose clumps, to compact pellets. Development of these macromorphologies is so far unpredictable but strongly impacts productivities of fungal bioprocesses. Depending on the strain and the desired product, the morphological forms vary, but no strain- or product-related correlations currently exist to improve process understanding of fungal production systems. However, novel genomic, genetic, metabolic, imaging and modelling tools have recently been established that will provide fundamental new insights into filamentous fungal growth and how it is balanced with product formation. In this primer, these tools will be highlighted and their revolutionary impact on rational morphology engineering and bioprocess control will be discussed.
Effect of implantoplasty on the elastic limit of dental implants of different diameters
Authors: Diéguez-Pereira Markel , Chávarri-Prado David , Viteri-Agustín Iratxe , Montalban-Vadillo Oier , Pérez-Pevida Esteban , Brizuela-Velasco Aritza
Published: August 2021

Background

Implantoplasty reduces both implant diameter and the thickness of its walls, subsequently reducing the ability of the implant to resist fracture in response to functional load. In combination with an increase in the crown-implant ratio due to bone loss, this could increase the lever effect, which in presence of high masticatory forces or parafunctional habits, could lead to complications such as fracture of the implant or loosening of the prosthetic screw.

Objectives

To determine the elastic limits of internal connection, dental implants of different designs and diameters after an implantoplasty.

Materials and methods

This in vitro study included 315 tapered internal connection titanium dental implants, the threads of which were removed with an industrial milling machine—for standardized implantoplasty (IMP1; n = 105)—or with the conventional approach—manually, using high-speed burs (IMP2; n = 105). The remaining 105 implants were used as controls. The final implant diameters were recorded. The quality of the newly polished surfaces was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. All implants were subjected to a mechanical pressure resistance test. A Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons was used to detect differences in the elastic limit and final implant diameters between the implant groups.

Results

There were statistically significant differences in the elastic limit between the IMP1, IMP2, and control groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the implant diameter was significantly smaller in the IMP1 and IMP2 groups (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed smooth implant surfaces in the IMP1 and IMP2 groups, with some titanium particles visible in the IMP1 group.

Conclusions

Implantoplasty significantly decreased the elastic limit of internal connection titanium dental implants, especially in those with a smaller diameter (3-3.5 mm).
Stapling of an endobronchial suction tube with the bronchus during robot-assisted right lower lobectomy: a case report
Authors: Tanaka Hiroto , Aoki Teruhiro , Oda Makoto , Inoue Yoshimasa
Published: August 2021

Background

Troubleshooting intraoperative complications requires careful management, and the safest technique should be chosen. We recently experienced a unique intraoperative bronchial complication during pulmonary lobectomy in robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS). There is no consensus on whether to continue RATS or convert to a more familiar technique, such as video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) or thoracotomy, for intraoperative complications that occur during RATS, and the decision should be determined individually.

Case presentation

A 74-year-old woman with primary lung adenocarcinoma (clinical stage IA2) underwent robot-assisted right lower lobectomy under one-lung ventilation and CO2 insufflation. Intraoperatively, the anesthesiologist placed the endobronchial suction tube in the right bronchus with intention of maintaining the right lung collapse, which was simultaneously stapled with the right lower bronchus during the right lower lobe bronchial closure using a robotic stapler. During robot-assisted manipulation, we removed the staples involved with the suction tube, one by one, using robotic-arm forceps and sutured the partially opened stump. Subsequently, the bronchial stump was covered with a pedicled pericardial fat pad. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient developed no complications when followed up 8 months after discharge. Hence, we could rectify this intraoperative bronchial complication using a robot-assisted technique and avoid conversion to VATS or thoracotomy.

Conclusion

The precise manipulation techniques in RATS contributed to facilitate the successful execution of surgical procedures, such as staple removal and re-suturing of the bronchial stump and may be a useful as a method for such troubleshooting such intraoperative complications.
Developing Healthcare Team Observations for Patient Safety (HTOPS): senior medical students capture everyday clinical moments
Authors: Anderson E. S. , Griffiths T. R. L. , Forey T. , Wobi F. , Norman R. I. , Martin G.
Published: August 2021

Background

Aviation has used a real-time observation method to advance anonymised feedback to the front-line and improve safe practice. Using an experiential learning method, this pilot study aimed to develop an observation-based real-time learning tool for final-year medical students with potential wider use in clinical practice.

Methods

Using participatory action research, we collected data on medical students’ observations of real-time clinical practice. The observation data was analysed thematically and shared with a steering group of experts to agree a framework for recording observations. A sample of students (observers) and front-line clinical staff (observed) completed one-to-one interviews on their experiences. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Thirty-seven medical students identified 917 issues in wards, theatres and clinics in an acute hospital trust. These issues were grouped into the themes of human influences, work environment and systems. Aviation approaches were adapted to develop an app capable of recording real-time positive and negative clinical incidents. Five students and eleven clinical staff were interviewed and shared their views on the value of a process that helped them learn and has the potential to advance the quality of practice. Concerns were shared about how the observational process is managed.

Conclusion

The study developed an app (Healthcare Team Observations for Patient Safety—HTOPS), for recording good and poor clinical individual and team behaviour in acute-care practice. The process advanced medical student learning about patient safety. The tool can identify the totality of patient safety practice and illuminate strength and weakness. HTOPS offers the opportunity for collective ownership of safety concerns without blame and has been positively received by all stakeholders. The next steps will further refine the app for use in all clinical areas for capturing light noise.
Rationale and proposed framework for shared decision making in cardio-oncology
Authors: Hull Sarah C. , Soufer Aaron , Spatz Erica S. , Baldassarre Lauren A.
Published: August 2021

Physicians have a duty to present diagnostic and therapeutic choices with rational guidance that respects patient values and realizes patient goals. In cardio-oncology, we commonly encounter patients who understandably feel overwhelmed or feel that they have no favorable options, particularly in the context of advanced malignancy. Accordingly, a longitudinal multidisciplinary commitment to shared decision making (SDM) ensures that physicians and patients actively participate in this process to promote the best possible outcomes from the patient perspective. We propose a practical framework for approaching these difficult decisions in cardio-oncology drawing upon our experience in clinical practice.
Risk factors for periprocedural ischemic stroke following endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Yisen , Wang Chao , Tian Zhongbin , Zhu Wei , Li Wenqiang , Yang Xinjian , Liu Jian , Zhang Ying
Published: August 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the risk factors of periprocedural ischemic stroke associated with endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms using a real-world database.

Methods

From August 2016 to March 2017, 167 patients were enrolled. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to examine the risk factors for periprocedural ischemic stroke.

Results

Among the 167 cases, periprocedural ischemic stroke occurred in 20 cases (11.98%). After univariate analysis, the ischemic group had a higher proportion of large (≥ 10 mm) aneurysms than the control group (45.0% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.036). The incidence of periprocedural ischemic stroke was higher in cases treated by flow diverter (21.6%) or stent-assisted coiling (11.8%) than in cases treated by coiling only (2.7%), and the differences were statistically significant (p = 0.043). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, treatment modality was the independent risk factor for periprocedural ischemic stroke. Compared with the coiling-only procedure, flow diverter therapy was associated with a significantly higher rate of periprocedural ischemic stroke (OR 9.931; 95% CI 1.174–84.038; p = 0.035).

Conclusions

Aneurysm size and treatment modality were associated with periprocedural ischemic stroke. Larger aneurysms were associated with increased risk of periprocedural ischemic stroke. Flow diverter therapy was associated with significantly more periprocedural ischemic stroke than the coiling procedure alone.
Geographical range expansion of Nitzschia volvendirostrata Ashworth, Dąbek & Witkowski, 2016 (Bacillariophyta: Bacillariaceae) based on morphological and molecular analysis
Authors: Lora-Vilchis María Concepción , Murugan Gopal , López-Fuerte Francisco Omar
Published: August 2021

In diatoms the use of molecular tools to corroborate traditional (morphological) identification offers a new perspective in the field of biogeography. This manuscript reports the first record of the raphid pennate diatom Nitzschia volvendirostrata along the coast of Mexico, which in turn represents an expansion of the geographic range along the American continent. The cells were isolated from benthic samples taken from Balandra lagoon, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico and cultured as a monoclonal culture. Morphology and morphometry of the diatom obtained from light and electron microscopy reveal that they correspond to the original description of N. volvendirostrata and also its chloroplast sequences, rbcL and psbC, showed 98.7 to 100 % similarity and a close phylogenetic relationship with N. volvendirostrata. The reported places for this taxon show that it has a tropical-temperate biogeographical affinity.
Predictive model and feature importance for early detection of type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Adua Eric , Kolog Emmanuel Awuni , Afrifa-Yamoah Ebenezer , Amankwah Bright , Obirikorang Christian , Anto Enoch Odame , Acheampong Emmanuel , Wang Wei , Tetteh Antonia Yarney
Published: August 2021

Background

Accurate prediction and early recognition of type II diabetes (T2DM) will lead to timely and meaningful interventions, while preventing T2DM associated complications. In this context, machine learning (ML) is promising, as it can transform vast amount of T2DM data into clinically relevant information. This study compares multiple ML techniques for predictive modelling based on different T2DM associated variables in an African population, Ghana.

Methods

The study involved 219 T2DM patients and 219 healthy individuals who were recruited from the hospital and the local community, respectively. Anthropometric and biochemical information including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum lipids [(total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c and LDL-c)] were collected. From this data, four ML classification algorithms including Naïve-Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT) were used to predict T2DM. Precision, Recall, F1-Scores, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) scores and the confusion matrix were computed to determine the performance of the various algorithms while the importance of the feature attributes was determined by recursive feature elimination technique.

Results

All the classifiers performed beyond the acceptable threshold of 70% for Precision, Recall, F-score and Accuracy. After building the predictive model, 82% of diabetic test data was detected by the NB classifier, of which 93% were accurately predicted. The SVM classifier was the second-best performing classifier which yielded an overall accuracy of 84%. The non-T2DM test data yielded an accurate prediction score of 75% from the 98% of the proportion of the non-T2DM test data. KNN and DT yielded accuracies of 83% and 81%, respectively. NB had the best performance (AUC = 0.87) followed by SVM (AUC = 0.84), KNN (AUC = 0.85) and DT (AUC = 0.81). The best three feature attributes, in order of importance, were HbA1c, TC and BMI whereas the least three importance of the features were Age, HDL-c and LDL-c.

Conclusion

Based on the predictive performance and high accuracy, the study has shown the potential of ML as a robust forecasting tool for T2DM. Our results can be a benchmark for guiding policy decisions in T2DM surveillance in resource and medical expertise limited countries such as Ghana.
Hybrid intelligence approach for multi-load level reactive power planning using VAR compensator in power transmission network
Authors: Karmakar Nihar , Bhattacharyya Biplab
Published: August 2021

This paper formulates and solves a techno-economic planning problem of reactive power (VAR) in power transmission systems under loadings. The objective of the proposed research work is to minimize the combination of installation cost of reactive power sources, power losses and operational cost while satisfying technical constraints. Initially, the positions for the placement of reactive power sources are determined technically. Different cost components such as VAR generation cost, line charging cost etc. are then added in the total operating cost in a most economical way. Finally, the optimal parameter setting subjected to reactive power planning (RPP) is obtained by taking advantages of hybrid soft computing techniques. For the justification of the efficiency and efficacy of the proposed approach the entire work is simulated on two inter-regional transmission networks. To validate the robustness and ease of the soft computing techniques in RPP the responses of benchmark functions and statistical proof are provided simultaneously.
Superimposed polygonal approximation analysis comparing 2D photography and 3D scanned images of bite marks on human skin
Authors: Rizwal Ain Ashraf , Azahar Nursyereen , Reduwan Nor Hidayah , Yusof Mohd Yusmiaidil Putera Mohd
Published: August 2021

Background

Preservation of bite marks evidence has always been a major problem in forensic odontology due to progressive loss of details as time passes. The use of 2D photographs has been widely used to document forensic evidence and preserving bite marks; however, there are limitations to this method. This study aims to measure the accuracy of the 3D scanned image in comparison to 2D photograph registration of experimental bite marks. Thirty volunteers performed self-exertions of a bite mark on the respective forearm of subjects. A 2D photograph and 3D scanned image was immediately registered following bite mark exercise using a conventional camera and Afinia EinScan-Pro 2X PLUS Handheld 3D Scanner, respectively. The outlines of the bite mark were transformed into a polygonal shape. Next, the polygonal approximation analysis was performed by an arbitrary superimposition method. The difference between surface areas of both images was calculated (2D photographs ̶ 3D scanned images).

Results

A paired t test was used to measure significance with α = 0.05. The mean surface area of 2D photographs and 3D scanned images is 31.535 cm2 and 31.822 cm2, respectively. No statistical difference was found between both mean surface areas (p > 0.05). The mean error (ME) is 0.287 ± 3.424 cm2 and the mean absolute error (MAE) is 1.733 ± 1.149 cm2.

Conclusion

Bite marks registered with the 3D scanned image are comparable to the standard 2D photograph for bite mark evaluations. The use of a 3D scan may be adopted as a standard operating procedure in the forensic application, especially for evidence preservation.
Effect of Bacillus safensis NBRC 100820 isolated from cotton plant against the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana (Boisduval)
Authors: El-Sayed Ali Ahmed , Ghaly Mohammed Farouk , Amer Ahmed Adel
Published: August 2021

Background

Toxic effect of some local bacterial isolates, isolated from the Egyptian cotton plant (Gossypium barbadanceL.), on larvae of the spiny bollworm (SBW),Earias insulana(Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) was studied as well as the biological effects of the most toxic isolate.

Results

Bacillus safensisNBRC 100820 had the most toxic effect on the SBW larvae compared to other isolates. Larval mortality percentages were 100, 90, 50, 50 and 30% for newly hatched, 3, 5, 7 and 10-day’s old larvae, respectively, after 2 days from treatment. Moreover,B. safensisNBRC 100820 caused latent effects on different stages of SBW. It decreased the larval and pupal weight, percentages of adult emergence and hatchability as well as number of deposited eggs/female more than the control. Using 16s rRNA confirmed the identification ofB. safensisNBRC 100820 and its accession number is MW281809.

Conclusions

Use ofB. safensisNBRC 100820 can be recommended for biological control ofE. insulana. Further field studies are needed.
Applicability of carbothermic reduction for upgrading Sri Lankan ilmenite ores: towards converting ilmenite into synthetic rutile by mechanical activation
Authors: Wijewardhana T. Dilmi. U. , Ratnayake Amila Sandaruwan
Published: August 2021

Background

Ilmenite and rutile are naturally occurring titanium-bearing heavy minerals. Sri Lanka consists of ilmenite and rutile in placer deposits mainly along the northeast coast. The commercial value of rutile is higher than ilmenite. Therefore, the current study focuses to upgrade Sri Lankan ilmenite ores using commercially available activated carbon as a reducing agent. Ilmenite fraction was initially separated from raw beach sand using an industrial-scale magnetic separator (Wet high-intensity magnetic separator: sixteen pole model). The mixtures of ilmenite and activated carbon (4 to 1 ratio by weight) were milled using a planetary ball mill for one to four hours at one-hour intervals.

Results

The milled samples were subsequently heated for two hours continuously at temperatures of 800 °C, 900 °C, 1000 °C, 1100 °C, and 1200 °C, respectively. Initial and annealed samples were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses. XRD pattern of the initial sample was characterized by less percentage of rutile (TiO2) peaks and low crystallinity. However, the number of rutile peaks and crystallinity were increased with respective milling hours and annealed temperature. Besides, XRD analysis indicates a higher number of sharp and intense rutile and elemental iron peaks in the samples annealed above 1000 °C. FTIR analysis of raw ilmenite indicates mainly stretching vibrations of Fe–O. However, vibrational spectral bands around 700 cm−1 in samples annealed above 1000 °C are assigned to Ti–O–Ti stretching vibrations. High TiO2 and TiO2 + Fe2O3 (total) wt. (%) can also be observed in samples annealed above 1000 °C.

Conclusions

The optimum conditions for carbothermic reduction were obtained at 4 h of ball milling of ilmenite with activated carbon and continuously annealing at 1000 °C for 2 h. Carbothermic reduction is applicable to upgrade Sri Lankan ilmenite ores, and thus this method adds value to heavy mineral resources in Sri Lanka.
Teachers’ use of ICT in implementing the competency-based curriculum in Kenyan public primary schools
Authors: Murithi Julius , Yoo Jin Eun
Published: August 2021

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has been widely advocated as much needed 21st-century skills by governments and policymakers. Nevertheless, several challenges in integrating ICT into the curriculum have been reported in previous research, especially in studies on Sub-Saharan African countries. Focusing on the case of Kenyan public primary schools, this study investigated the availability of ICT facilities; teacher capacity to integrate technology into their lessons; and teacher perceptions towards technology in schools. In particular, the study is premised on the constructivist learning theory and the Technology Acceptance Model. A total of 351 teachers completed an online questionnaire. Teachers perceived that ICT facilities were inadequate in schools, which presented a challenge in the integration of technology during the implementation of the new curriculum. Most of the teachers answered that they received only basic computer literacy training. Although teachers perceived the use of computers as necessary, they faced difficulties integrating technology in their lessons. The effect of age and gender on teacher capacity was also investigated in inferential statistics, specifically with Welch tests and Games-Howell post hoc comparisons. Teachers in their 40s had a higher perception of usefulness than teachers in the 30s. Implications of the study are discussed as well as future research topics.
Amelioration of polycystic ovary syndrome-related disorders by supplementation of thymoquinone and metformin
Authors: Ammar Islam Mohamed Magdi , Salem Mostafa Abdo Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of reproductive age women with a prevalence of 4-12%. The study aimed to investigate the potential benefit of adding thymoquinone to metformin in alleviating symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Two hundred seven overweight and obese PCOS patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group A received metformin 500 mg three times daily for 6 months. Patients in group B received a combination of metformin 500 mg and thymoquinone in the form of black cumin oil 500 mg capsules three times daily for 6 months. Follow-up was done after 3 and 6 months from the beginning of the study for evaluation of menstrual cycle pattern, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist:hip ratio, oral glucose tolerance test, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C, superoxide dismutase activity, and malondialdehyde concentration.

Results

Patients who received a combination of black cumin oil capsules and metformin, showed a significant decrease in number of patients suffering from amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea (P = 0.031), significant (P = 0.00) weight reduction (reduced BMI), and body fat redistribution (reduced W/H ratio), regaining oxidative balance with significant increase of SOD activity (P = 0.00) and decrease of MDA concentrations (P = 0.03). Regarding the number of prediabetic patients, there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.89) when both groups were compared at the end of study period.

Conclusions

Black cumin oil supplementation constitutes a beneficial added value to metformin in ameliorating PCOS-related disorders with resumption of menstrual regularity, weight reduction, change of body fat distribution, and regaining oxidative balance.
Role of multidetector CT in predicting patient outcome in cases of pulmonary embolism: correlation between imaging findings, ICU admissions and mortality rate
Authors: Ibrahim Heba , El-Maadawy Samar M.
Published: August 2021

Background

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a critical medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid serious morbidity and mortality risk. Multidetector CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is considered the first-line imaging modality for suspected acute PE. The presence of right heart strain, which supports the diagnosis, requires special attention. The aim of our retrospective study is to assess the reliability of CTPA hemodynamic indices in predicting patients’ outcome in cases of PE.

Results

Sixty patients were included in our study. CTPA parameters including main pulmonary artery (MPA) diameter, left ventricle (LV) diameter, right ventricle (RV)/LV ratio, and septal deviation had a clinical prognostic value for short-term 30-day mortality and ICU admission. Statistically significant relationship between MPA diameter > 29 mm, LV diameter, RV/LV ratio > 1, left-sided septal deviation and contrast reflux into the IVC/distal hepatic veins with ICU admission was observed with p values 0.031, 0.000, 0.000, 0.005 and 0.028 respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between MPA diameter > 29 mm, LV diameter, RV/LV > 1 ratio and septal deviation with 30-day mortality with p values of < 0.001, 0.001, < 0.001 and 0.015 respectively. No significant correlation was found between 30-day mortality and contrast reflux to IVC with p value of 0.070.

Conclusions

CTPA measurements including MPA diameter, RV/LV ratio and septal deviation were found to be significantly correlated to ICU admission and 30-day mortality as predictors for PE severity. CT contrast reflux was found to be correlated to ICU admission; however, it was not significantly correlated to 30-day mortality.
Trichrome-positive intrahepatic cytoplasmic globules are potential histopathological clue for COVID-19-induced hepatitis: a case report
Authors: Sweed Dina , El Shanshory Mohamed Ramadan , Elaskary Eman Mohammed , Hassan Hassnaa Atef , Sweed Enas , Sweed Eman , Abdelsattar Shimaa , Abdelgawad Ahmed , Mosbeh Asmaa , Abdallah Heba , El-Mashad Shereen , Ehsan Nermine
Published: August 2021

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection mainly affects respiratory system. Later, liver affection has also been reported in the form of marked elevated liver enzymes. However, the association of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and autoimmune diseases is not clear.

Case presentation

A female patient with a known history of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHH) for which she was treated with prednisolone was admitted for uncontrolled anemia followed by fever and elevated liver enzymes. All the laboratory and radiological investigations were not typical for COVID-19 or any other etiology. Liver biopsy revealed numerous pale eosinophilic trichrome-positive intracytoplasmic globules. The pathology raised the suspicion for SARS-CoV-2-associated hepatitis, which was confirmed by a positive IgG titer. The patient showed a dramatic improvement on the maintenance dose of prednisolone.

Conclusions

AIHA patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 may be at risk of uncontrolled disease and should continue their treatment regimen. Histopathology has a role in the diagnosis of liver affection due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of different extracts of leaves and stem barks of Macropanax dispermus (Araliaceae): a promising ethnomedicinal plant
Authors: Afrin Syeda Rubaiya , Islam Mohammad Rashedul , Khanam Bibi Humayra , Proma Nawreen Monir , Didari Sayeda Saima , Jannat Sarah Waddun , Hossain Mohammed Kamrul
Published: August 2021

Background

Macropanax dispermus is traditionally used to treat various diseases by ethnic people. The present research reports the pharmacological properties with phytochemical profiling of the crude extracts of M. dispermus leaves (MDML), its n-hexane (MDHL), carbon tetrachloride (MDTL), chloroform (MDCL), ethyl acetate (MDEL), and aqueous (MDAL) fractions, and crude methanol extracts of its stem barks (MDMS). The in vitro thrombolytic activity was done on human erythrocytes whereas the cytotoxic activity was done by brine shrimp lethality assay. The in vivo analgesic activity was examined by acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion, and formalin-induced paw licking method. In contrast, antipyretic activity was done by the brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia method.

Results

MDHL and MDMS showed 37.05% and 42.21% of significant (p < 0.01) thrombolytic activity, respectively. MDCL and MDMS showed the lower LC50 values of 23.15 and 37.11 µg/ml during cytotoxicity test, respectively. In acetic acid writhing method, MDTL and MDEL showed significant (p < 0.001) inhibition of writhing by 79.34% and 80.17%, respectively. MDMS showed significant (p < 0.001) maximal possible effect (%MPE) of 45.95%, 62.26%, 65.79%, 89.69% and elongation of time in pain reaction of 48.53%, 60.28%, 58.76%, and 70.14% at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min intervals, respectively. MDML at 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (p < 0.001) 82.72% of inhibition of pain at the late phases. MDEL at 400 mg/kg of dose exhibited significant (p < 0.001) reduction of rectal temperature by 36.31%, 62.42%, 89.81%,, and 96.82% at 1, 2, 3, and 4 h intervals, respectively.

Conclusion

The current research suggests that the plant extracts possess potential thrombolytic, cytotoxic, analgesic, and antipyretic activities.
Curcuma zedoaria Rosc (Zingiberaceae): a review on its chemical, pharmacological and biological activities
Authors: Gharge Shankar , Hiremath Sushmita I. , Kagawad Pooja , Jivaje Kadambari , Palled Mahesh S. , Suryawanshi Shailendra S.
Published: August 2021

Background

Around 80% of human population in the world relies on herbal or phytomedicines for their primary health care needs. The treatment of many diseases and disorders with phytomedicines is considered and observed as very safe with no or minimal side effects. Many medicinal plants and their preparations are practised at home as remedies for treating and preventing various diseases and disorders. For example, medicinal plants and their crude parts such as tulsi, neem, turmeric and ginger are used to cure or treat several common ailments, out of which Curcuma zedoaria Rosc commonly known as white turmeric is one of the important crude drugs belonging to Zingiberaceae family and genus Curcuma. Traditionally, it has been reported to possess many biological activities been used for many therapeutic actions due to the presence of wide range of phytoconstituents in it. The main objectives of the present work are to carry out extensive review on its chemical, pharmacological and biological activities of plant.

Main body

In the present review article, extensive data on its chemical, pharmacological and biological activities have been collected from various online sources including indexing sites such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Research Gate and presented. Various articles published in indexed journals and other databases have been collected and reviewed systematically.

Conclusion

The present review investigation is very much helpful for researchers and readers to collectively have valuable information on chemistry, pharmacology and biological effects of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. The present investigation concludes that the white turmeric is found to possess complex range of phytoconstituents such as curcumin, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, β-turmerone, β-eudesmol, zingiberene, dihydrocurcumin, furanodiene, α-phellandrene, 1–8 cineole, β-elemense and germacrone. Due to the presence of wide range of phytoconstituents, plants have been reported for its diverse biological activities.
The alternative oxidase (AOX) increases sulphide tolerance in the highly invasive marine invertebrateCiona intestinalis
Authors: Bremer Katharina , Yasuo Hitoyoshi , Debes Paul Vincent , Jacobs Howard Trevor
Published: August 2021

Ecological communities and biodiversity are shaped by both abiotic and biotic factors. This is well illustrated by extreme environments and invasive species. Besides naturally occurring sulphide-rich environments, global change can lead to an increase in hydrogen sulphide episodes that threaten many multicellular organisms. With the increase in the formation, size and abundance of oxygen minimum zones and hypoxic environments, bacterial-associated sulphide production is favoured and, as such, hydrogen-sulphide-rich environments are likely to also increase in size and abundance. Many species are challenged by the inhibiting effect of sulphide on aerobic energy production via cytochrome c oxidase, ultimately causing the death of the organism. Interestingly, many protist, yeast, plant and also animal species possess a sulphide-resistant alternative oxidase (AOX). In this study, we investigated whether AOX is functionally involved in the sulphide stress response of the highly invasive marine tunicate Ciona intestinalis. At the LC50, the sulphide-induced reduction of developmental success was three times stronger in AOX knock-down embryos than in control embryos. Further, AOX mRNA levels were higher under sulphide than under control conditions, and this effect increased during embryonic development. Together, we found that AOX is indeed functionally involved in the sulphide tolerance of C. intestinalis embryos, hence, very likely contributing to its invasive potential; and that the response of AOX to sulphide seems to be controlled at the transcriptional level. We suggest that AOX-possessing species play an important role in shaping marine ecological communities, and this importance may increase under ongoing global change.
Synthesis of bismuth oxyhalide (BiOBrzI(1-z)) solid solutions for photodegradation of methylene dye
Authors: Gembo Robert O. , Aoyi Ochieng , Majoni Stephen , Etale Anita , Odisitse Sebusi , King'ondu Cecil K.
Published: August 2021

Background: The removal of textile wastes is a priority due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.  In this study, bismuth oxyhalide was used in the removal of methylene blue (MB) which is a textile waste. The main objective of this study was to develop and investigate the applicability of a bismuth oxyhalide (BiOBrzI(1-z)) solid solutions in the photodegradation of MB under solar and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation.

Methods: Bismuth oxyhalide (BiOBrzI(1-z)) (0 ≤ z ≤ 1) materials were successfully prepared through the hydrothermal method. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to determine the surface area, microstructure, crystal structure, and morphology of the resultant products. The photocatalytic performance of BiOBrzI(1-z) materials was examined through methylene blue (MB) degradation under UV light and solar irradiation.

Results: The XRD showed that BiOBrzI(1-z) materials crystallized into a tetragonal crystal structure with (102) peak slightly shifting to lower diffraction angle with an increase in the amount of iodide (I-). BiOBr0.6I0.4 materials showed a point of zero charge of 5.29 and presented the highest photocatalytic activity in the removal of MB with 99% and 88% efficiency under solar and UV irradiation, respectively. The kinetics studies of MB removal by BiOBrzI(1-z) materials showed that the degradation process followed nonlinear pseudo-first-order model indicating that the removal of MB depends on the population of the adsorption sites. Trapping experiments confirmed that photogenerated holes (h+) and superoxide radicals (•O2−) are the key species responsible for the degradation of MB.

Conclusions: This study shows that bismuth oxyhalide materials are very active in the degradation of methylene blue dye using sunlight and thus they have great potential in safeguarding public health and the environment from the dye’s degradation standpoint. Moreover, the experimental results agree with nonlinear fitting.
Case Report: Occupational therapy in a patient with an overgrowth syndrome that restricts movement
Authors: Coppeta Luca , Gentili Sandro , Papa Francesca , De Zordo Ludovico Maria , Mugnaini Stefano , Pietroiusti Antonio
Published: August 2021

Background: Overgrowth syndromes are a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by excessive body growth - localized or generalized - commonly associated with various malformities and an increased oncological risk.

Case report: Here we present the case of a 59-years old man, employed in an office, who suffers from an asymmetric overgrowth of the lower limbs. Currently the patient presents malformations of the lower left limb (hip, knee and ankle), evident on the articular and periarticular level, where there are diffuse exostoses. This case discusses the main occupational concerns relating to the patient’s workspace at a high floor level that could create critical issues in the event of an emergency exodus. Given the impossibility of placing the patient in heavy manual activities, employment is limited to office activities. Adjustments were carried out at the patient’s workstation, and thus the patient has been recognized as fit to work. Increased frequency of breaks were prescribed in order to allow the physiological alternation of postures.

Conclusions: In cases of overgrowth syndromes, the exact identification of the limitations presented by the patient and observations about ambulatory functions must be carefully evaluated in order to modulate the work environment.
Study of Antibodies to Cytolethal Distending Toxin B (CdtB) and Antibodies to Vinculin in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Zaki Maysaa El Sayed , Elhammady Dina , Foda Salama Mona , Abdelsalam Mostafa , Osman Asmaa Osama Bakr
Published: August 2021

Background:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder, categorized into various subtypes. Post-infection IBS may be attributed to the release of cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB), which cross-reacts with the adhesion protein vinculin responsible for normal intestinal contractility.

Objective:This study aims to identify anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin levels in IBS patients compared to healthy control.

Subjects and methods:This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 100 subjects with IBS, as determined by a questionnaire based on Rome III criteria, recruited from the outpatient clinics of the Tropical Medicine at Mansoura University Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020.

Results:Anti-vinculin and anti-CdtB levels were significantly elevated in patients with IBS (1.58±0.496, 2.47±0.60)  when compared to control subjects (1.13±0.249ng/ml, 2.1±0.24 ng/ml), respectively with P=0.001 for both.  Anti-vinculin level was significantly higher in the IBS-D subtype than the other subtypes (P=0.001) while, Anti-CdtB was significantly elevated in IBS-C, IBS-D subgroups compared to control subjects (P=0.001).

Conclusion:Findings of the present study support the hypothesis that IBS results from post-infectious disorders initiated by bacterial enteritis. A hypothesis could be applied to all IBS subgroups. On the other hand. These biomarkers might reflect the post-infectious state's severity.
Comparison of Infection Rates according to the Period of Prophylactic Antibiotic Use after Surgery in Patients with Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Lee Joonha , Lee Yohan , Jo Yong Gil , Kang Sang Yoon , Bae Kee Jeong
Published: August 2021

Purpose: In general orthopedic surgery, the use of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection is recommended to be administered within 24 hours. However, there was no analysis on the incidence of surgical site infection according to the duration of use of prophylactic antibiotics for upper extremity fractures. This study aims to derive the appropriate prophylactic antibiotic using time by analyzing the incidence of infection according to the time of prophylactic antibiotic use in distal radius fractures.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who used prophylactic antibiotics among patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for distal radius fractures from April 2018 to May 2021. The time of use of prophylactic antibiotics was classified into the 1-day group used, from 1 hour before surgery to 24 hours after the first administration, and the long-term group, continuously administered until discharge after surgery. Demographic characteristics, infection rate, C-reactive protein, risk factors for surgical site infection, and bone union were compared between the two groups.Results: A total of 168 patients were included in the study, 73 in the 1-day group and 95 in the long-term group. Superficial infection occurred in seven patients in the 1-day group and nine in the long-term group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rates of the two groups (p=0.980). Conclusion: The use of prophylactic antibiotics for 24 hours does not show a significant increase in the infection rate compared to the case of continuous use during open reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures.
Evaluation of Hospital Avoidance at Department of Hand Surgery in Tertiary Hospital after Infectious Disease Outbreaks
Authors: Lee Seung Hoo , Shin Hyun Dae , Cha Soo Min , Choi Eun Seok
Published: August 2021

초록 전체 아래 내용으로 교체해주세요.Purpose: To compare the impact of hospital avoidance on the department of hand surgery at a tertiary hospital in Daejeon in the wake of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and COVID-19 outbreaks.Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study of patients who were treated at the department of hand surgery in a tertiary hospital of a local community. We analyzed patients who were treated during the MERS-CoV and COVID-19 outbreaks. Controls included patients who were treated in the previous year during the same months. The number of outpatient visits and surgeries were compared to examine the difference from the previous year during the epidemic period of each infectious disease, and changes in demographic factors, the ratio of first and second visits, and the ratio of scheduled and emergent surgeries.Results: Under MERS-CoV, outpatient visits decreased by 9.7% and surgeries by 26.5% for three months. In June 2015, when MERS-CoV was widespread in Daejeon, the number of outpatients and surgeries dropped by 25.3% and 42.8%, respectively. During COVID-19, outpatient visits decreased by 4.3% and surgeries increased by 2.9%. However, when COVID-19 was most prevalent in Daejeon, the number of outpatients and surgeries increased by 36.6% and 31.1%, respectively.Conclusion: The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 on the department of hand surgery at a tertiary hospital in Daejeon was limited, compared to the MERS-CoV epidemic in 2015, which can be attributed to improved infectious disease response capabilities.
ÁFRICA OCIDENTAL EM MANUSCRITOS BRASÍLICOS DO SÉCULO XVIII.
Authors: Santos Raphael
Published: August 2021

Historiadores brasileiros normalmente encontram alguma dificuldade em realizar pesquisas sobre a história da África e dos africanos sob uma perspectiva africana. Isso se deve, por um lado, às próprias especificidades dos métodos e técnicas para a exploração das fontes africanas; e, por outro, à escassez de fontes disponíveis para pesquisa no Brasil e em língua portuguesa. Para contornar esse problema, apresentamos nesse artigo uma proposta metodológica e empírica. Ancorado no campo de pesquisa denominado História Atlântica, apontamos como impressos e manuscritos produzidos por agentes nascidos no Brasil ou lusitanos enraizados na América podem ser capazes de apresentar uma perspectiva diferente sobre a África e os africanos que viviam na região Centro-Ocidental do continente. Para tanto, dedicamos uma atenção especial às potencialidades para tal finalidade da documentação da série Bahia-Avulsos, disponível no fundo Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino.
“DANÇAS FRENÉTICAS E DIABÓLICAS DE QUE O BRASIL É REI E SENHOR”: NOTAS SOBRE A PRESENÇA MUSICAL BRASILEIRA EM ANGOLA NO PERÍODO COLONIAL E SEUS SIGNIFICADOS POLÍTICOS (1950-1974).
Authors: REIS ALEXANDRE
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo busca traçar um breve panorama da circulação musical brasileira em Angola e como algumas práticas culturais brasileiras, sobretudo as relacionadas à música, foram referenciais importantes para os angolanos em seu processo de busca e construção de uma identidade nacional. Ao mesmo tempo, acompanhar a grande circulação de artistas brasileiros, sobretudo por Luanda, lança luz sobre a história do lazer nas áreas urbanas de Angola nos momentos finais do colonialismo português.
Religião como espaço de resistência: Dona Beatriz Ñsîmba Vita
Authors: Batsikama Patrício
Published: August 2021

Depois de alguns anos de inconstitucionalidade com o rei Dom Afonso I Mvêmba Ñzînga – 1604-1543, os jagas invadiram a capital do antigo reino do Kongo em 1568-1570 e o declínio foi em 1665, com a morte do rei Dom António I Vita Ñkânga. Surgiu uma profetisa jovem chamada Dona Beatriz Ñsîmba Vita (conhecido por Kimpa Vita). Criou sua Doutrina na base de kimpasi (religiosidade local), resistiu contra as imposições católicas e montou um sincretismo localmente percebido. Rapidamente, ela ganha uma popularidade, restaura a ordem social, proporciona esperança económica, apazigua os chefes militares e convocou as eleições. Tudo, em nome da religião. O seu legado em África verificou com o messianismo com Simon Kimbangu e Simão Gonçalves Toko que resultou nas independências das repúblicas de Congo-Kinsâsa e Angola. Nas Américas, candomblé e umbanda são uma afirmação cultural e servem de uma resistência face aos insumos socioculturais.