bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Not an International Health Service’: Xenophobia, Brexit and the Restoration of National Sovereignty
Authors: Forkert Kirsten
Published: September 2020

The chapter explores the role of xenophobia and nationalism within the media rhetoric mobilised during the EU referendum campaign. It examines how the rhetoric of the Leave campaign attempted to restore a perceived lost national sovereignty and agency, imagined as a simple intuitive equivalence between national citizens, national taxpayers, and national public services. The chapter explains how, through neoliberal reforms, the welfare state was transformed according to the principles of competition, individual consumer choice and conditional entitlement to benefits. It also focuses on the framing of the European Union as taking taxpayers’ money which could otherwise be used to fund national public institutions.
Living Against Austerity
Authors: Craddock Emma
Published: September 2020

With austerity’s disproportionately heavy impact on women now apparent, this engaging book considers activism against it from a feminist perspective. Emma Craddock goes deep inside activist culture to explore the many cultural and emotional dimensions of political participation. She questions what motivates and sustains protest, considering the enabling aspects of solidarity and empathy, as well as the constraining factors of negative emotions and gendered barriers associated with activism, examining the role of gender and emotion within protest. This is a lived-in study that gets to the heart of what it means to be an anti-austerity activist and an important addition to social justice debate. The book is organised into four parts. The first part establishes the theoretical and empirical context; the second part explores the enabling and constraining factors of political participation (‘doing activism’); the third part discusses the two main activist identity constructions in the local anti-austerity activist culture and the ‘dark side’ of activist culture that these feed (‘being activist’); the fourth and final part provides concluding remarks about the ambivalence of anti-austerity activist culture and the difficulty of resisting such a pervasive force as neoliberal capitalism.
An Introduction to Local Anti‑Austerity Activist Culture
Authors: Craddock Emma
Published: September 2020

This chapter sets the scene by outlining the importance of applying a cultural, affective, feminist approach to studying social movements. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the aftermath of the financial crisis and introducing austerity. It then identifies the key strands of the book; the affective dimension of political engagement; social movements and emotions; gender and social movement activism. A brief overview of the research project is provided, focusing on the feminist approach to research. This chapter concludes with a chapter outline for the book.
The Empirical and Political Context of Anti‑Austerity Activism
Authors: Craddock Emma
Published: September 2020

This chapter provides an overview of the political context, with a focus on austerity and how this forms part of the wider neoliberal project. The chapter establishes the ways in which austerity is gendered, classed and racialised, themes that will be drawn on throughout the book when exploring resistance to austerity. It moves from setting this wider context to an in-depth description of the specific anti-austerity activist culture that is explored in this book. This involves identifying the key movements and groups in the local context, as well as key features of these movements, such as their positioning as a ‘new’ form of politics that is outside the system and the centrality of social media to political organising in this context.
The Authentic and Ideal Activist Identities: Having the ‘Right’ Motivation and Doing ‘Enough’ of the ‘Right’ Type of Activism
Authors: Craddock Emma
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the ways in which the activist identity is constructed and negotiated within local anti-austerity activist culture. It begins by establishing the shared meanings and context-specific nature of the term before discussing in more detail the two main constructions of the activist identity present in participants’ narratives. The first identity is the ‘authentic’ activist who has the required lived experiences to possess the authority to speak about certain topics. Having explored barriers that prevent individuals and groups from doing activism under the question of who can do activism in Chapter 5, this chapter considers the question of who should do activism, according to participants. The second main construction of the activist identity that this chapter explores is the ‘ideal activist’, which is defined by the type and amount of activism one does. In order to be considered an ideal activist, individuals must do ‘enough’ of the ‘right’ type of activism (direct action rather than online activism). This chapter demonstrates that the ideal activist identity is underpinned by the distinction participants draw between talking and doing, which feeds into the construction of direct, offline action as the pinnacle of ‘real’ activism versus online ‘slacktivism’. The final section of this chapter interrogates this artificial dichotomy and reveals the enabling features of online activism, as well as the ways in which both forms of activism interact, rather than conflict.
The Dark Side of Activist Culture and its Gendered Dimension
Authors: Craddock Emma
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the ‘dark side’ of activist culture, labelled this because of its negative effects and the fact that it is hidden from public view. It illustrates the negative aspects, including how the activist identity is maintained and policed by other activists through practices of shaming. It examines the implications of such practices and of the ideal activist identity, focusing on ‘activist burnout’ and its relation to care (or a lack of it) within activist culture. While the ideal activist is constructed within the local anti-austerity activist culture as an abstract individual, this chapter argues that it is actually the white, able-bodied male, given the criteria that define it. Significantly, this chapter asserts that the implicit gendered nature of the ideal activist identity and its damaging gendered consequences are not recognised, resulting in gendered symbolic violence – with women feeling guilt and blaming themselves for their perceived failure to adequately perform the identity. This chapter thus reveals the complex ways in which spaces of resistance can reinforce dominant gendered power structures, while ostensibly fighting against them.
Accountability and Review in the Counter-Terrorist State
Authors: Blackbourn Jessie , de Londras Fiona , Morgan Lydia
Published: September 2020

The United Kingdom should now be understood as a counter-terrorist state, that is a state in which counter-terrorism law, policy, discourse, and operations are mainstreamed across the domains of law and government in forms that are conceptualised and designed as ‘permanent’ in at least some cases; in which non-state actors are responsibilised for counter-terrorism; and in which all persons are the subjects of counter-terrorism, although not to equal degrees. This book argues that counter-terrorism review—which it defines as the legal, political, and policy processes that consider the application and impacts of counter-terrorism law and policy in theory as well as in practice, with a view to assessing its merits and contributing towards its improvement—has the capacity to enhance accountability in the counter-terrorist state. Building on exclusive interviews with political actors and practitioners, as well as detailed empirical analysis of existing reviews—it presents the first comprehensive, critical analysis of counter-terrorism review in the United Kingdom. While this reveals substantial pockets of good practice, it also shows that the accountability enhancing potential of counter-terrorism review is limited in practice by executive domination, parliamentary limitations, persistent state secrecy, and the absence of trust in the counter-terrorist state.
The Counter-Terrorist State
Authors: Blackbourn Jessie , de Londras Fiona , Morgan Lydia
Published: September 2020

This chapter contains a characterisation of the UK as a counter-terrorist state, tracing its historical development and the processes through which counter-terrorism has become permanent in this jurisdiction. Alongside this permanence, the chapter shows how counter-terrorism pervades a wide range of fields, beyond policing and security, extending both the range of actors responsible for counter-terrorism and those subject to the state’s counter-terrorist gaze. In spite of some marginal disagreement around counter-terrorism law and policy, the chapter shows that UK politics is marked by a hegemonic consensus on the counter-terrorist state’s core propositions. Finally, the chapter shows that the counter-terrorist state is also reflected in the emergence and the stabilisation, through law, of at least some forms of counter-terrorism review, illustrating the potential for counter-terrorism review to reinforce and legitimate the counter-terrorist state.
Introduction: The Emergence of a ‘Graduate Generation’
Authors: Bristow Jennie , Cant Sarah , Chatterjee Anwesa
Published: September 2020

This chapter outlines the unique approach taken by this study of the changing academic-student relationship in the context of both massification and the marketisation of British Higher Education. The book explores how the meaning of the ‘University experience’ is produced and interpreted by prospective and current undergraduates, by those working in Higher Education, and by wider networks of family and friends. It considers how the purpose of the University, and the role of students and academics, has been framed by politicians, over successive waves of policy making, and the disjuncture between these narratives and the ways in which those working and studying in Universities articulate what they do and why. By taking a generational perspective, the book considers how discussions about the University today are contextualised by historical experience.
Cities Demanding the Earth
Authors: Taylor Peter , O'Brien Geoff , O'Keefe Phil
Published: September 2020

Current climate change policy is necessary but insufficient. This is because the basic modus operandi – presenting scientific evidence to states for them to take action - misrepresents the complex process of anthropogenic climate change. The ‘anthropo’ bit is neglected in a misconceived supply-side (carbon) interpretation. The key question is, why is there so much demand for this carbon in the first place? This book introduces a demand-side interpretation bringing cities to the fore as central players in both generating climate changes and for finding solutions. Jane Jacobs’ urban analysis is combined with William F. Ruddiman’s historical tracing of greenhouse gases to provide a new understanding and narrative of anthropogenic climate change. The conclusion is that we are locked into a path to terminal consumption, which is accelerating as a consequence of Chinese urban growth, historically unprecedented in its sheer scale. To counter this we need to harness the power of cities in new ways, to steer urban demand away from its current destructive path. This is nothing less than re-inventing the city: not mitigation (the resilient city, necessary but not sufficient), not adaptation (sustainable city, also necessary but not sufficient) but stewardship, a process of dynamic stability creating the posterity city in sync with nature.
Declarations: Root and Branch Unthinking
Authors: Taylor Peter J. , O’Brien Geoff , O’Keefe Phil
Published: September 2020

This chapter takes the failure of current climate change policy as a given and seeks explanations and ways forward. Policy-making should be firmly grounded in the essential nature of anthropogenic climate change – a complex problem and an existential threat. It is found wanting in three fundamental aspects. International relations with its competitive preposition is found to be not fit for purpose as decision-making arena. The scientific input for decision-making underplays the ‘anthropo’ bit of climate change and therefore is found unfit for purpose. And social science contributions are found not fit for purpose because of their innate state-centric bias. To overcome the resulting impasse requires critical unthinking. The work of Jane Jacobs is chosen as guide to unthinking thereby foregrounding cities. An invitation is issued for others to provide alternate unthinking.
Alternate: Jane Jacobs’ legacy
Authors: Taylor Peter J. , O’Brien Geoff , O’Keefe Phil
Published: September 2020

This chapter provides a description of Jane Jacobs’ legacy beyond her famous intervention into city planning. Five aspects of her work are highlighted. First and foremost she was a knowledge builder, harnessing a voracious curiosity to understand the complexity of the human condition. The most auspicious outcome has been her revision of economics identifying city economies as the loci of economic growth. She made further unusual forays into history – contesting power to eliminate complexity – and politics where her bottom-up approach had drawn admiration from both the right and left. She brought this altogether towards the end of her life as a new understanding of economics as ecology. The chapter concludes with a critical appraisal of her treatment of urban demand – crucial to the argument of this book – and links Jacob’s oeuvre to the work of multiple other radical scholars to aid the process of unthinking.
Optimal configurations for different incident polarization states in linear polarization calibration
Authors: Li Xinkai , Chen Bo , He Lingping , Gao Xingjun
Published: September 2020

The purpose of polarization calibration is to measure the response matrix of an instrument and the deviation of noise to correct for subsequent flight measurements. The precision, however, is relative to the states of incident light. We investigate the influence of partially polarized light, in the presence of signal-independent additive noise or signal-dependent Poisson shot noise. We obtain the estimation precision for different numbers of the polarization state generators and analyzers in linear Stokes measurements. To reduce the influence of incident light, we suggest that the numbers of the polarization state generators and analyzers should be greater than or equal to 4. In particular, for an instrument including three polarizers oriented at 0°, 60°, and 120°, estimation precision is found to be dependent on the response matrix and incident polarization states.
Spatio-spectral metrology at focus of ultrashort lasers: a phase-retrieval approach: erratum
Authors: Borot A. , Quéré F.
Published: September 2020

This is an erratum on the manuscript entitled ‘Spatio-spectral metrology at focus of ultrashort lasers: a phase-retrieval approach’, by A. Borot and F. Quéré [Opt. Express 26, 26444 (2018)10.1364/OE.26.026444].
Implementation of the toroidal absorption cell with multi-layer patterns by a single ring surface
Authors: Chang Hong , Feng Shiling , Qiu Xuanbing , Meng Huiyan , Guo Guqing , He Xiaohu , He Qiusheng , Yang Xiaohua , Ma Weiguang , Kan Ruifeng , Fittschen Christa , Li Chuanliang
Published: September 2020

We developed a type of toroidal multi-pass cell with multi-layer patterns based on the off-axis model. The effective path length of the original toroidal multi-pass cell is extended several roundtrips in comparison with the single-layer pattern, since the inner surface of the toroidal multi-pass cell is more efficiently utilized. The light pattern has been achieved by using the simple ring surface, which is easy to fabricate. The exact analytical equations for the design of the toroidal multi-pass cell were derived based on analytical vector calculations. A series of numerical ray tracing simulations is presented, and the maximum theoretical optical path length that can be reached is 30 m with a setup of 5 cm column radius. Furthermore, two practical spot patterns are demonstrated with a path length of 8.3 m for a two-layer pattern and 10 m for a three-layer pattern, with respective effective volumes of 63 mL and 94 mL. Furthermore, the fringe effect is substantially reduced to less than 0.5% by the usage of our designed mask.
Tinjauan Ulang Potensi Sense of place dalam Pelestarian Kawasan Pusaka Perkotaan
Authors: Dameria Christin , Akbar Roos , Indradjati Petrus Natalivan , Tjokropandojo Dewi Sawitri
Published: September 2020

Urban heritage conservation planning seeks to produce place experience with historical characteristics to bring sense of place that is a relation between human and place. However heritage urban planning that focuses on the sense of place actually gets criticized for being stuck in place-making purposes only and ignores the human dimension. The study of the sense of place potential in the urban heritage conservation is indeed still limited even though this potential needs to be studied futher because urban heritage place have cultural significant values which should be conserved by involving human dimensions. This paper is a literature review that intends to explore others sense of place potential related to human dimensions that can be used to successfully urban heritage conservation. In urban heritage conservation, besides being beneficial for place-making, it was found that the sense of place also has the potential as guidance information in the urban heritage spatial planning, factors that influence the participation of local residents to be involved in urban heritage planning and factors related to heritage conserving behavior.
Moda i hipsterstwo. Hierarchie statusu we współczesnym społeczeństwie konsumpcyjnym
Authors: Iwasiński Łukasz
Published: September 2020

Consumption in sociology is often considered a manifestation of status. According to Pierre Bourdieu, individuals determined by habitus and class dispositions, by consuming certain goods and the style of consumption, consciously or not, demonstrate their status. Bourdieu recognized the uniform hierarchy of status derived from a class structure. Today, this perspective is contested. It is difficult to reconcile it with theories stating class dehierarchization and individualization of society, especially with postmodern concepts. This does not mean that consumer behaviors lost its distinctive function. However, the criteria of distinction (and therefore the source of the status hierarchy) do not necessarily have a class background. In today’s world they are more relativized, more ephemeral and determined by cultural factors. The article examines the source of the status hierarchy in contemporary consumer societies, indicating the role of fashion and the phenomenon of “hip” (“cool”).
Zanik prywatności jako narastający problem społeczeństwa informacyjnego
Authors: Wysokińska Aleksandra
Published: September 2020

Since the beginning of its existence, the Internet has been almost synonymous with anonymity, giving unfettered opportunities to create a virtual identity. A lot has changed after the introduction of the era of Web 2.0. The network has become primarily a tool of communication with friends and loved ones, a place of socializing and a giant, constantly expanding photo gallery. People in society, along with benefiting from the growing possibilities of the web have divulged more and more information about themselves. Today, in a time of scandals revealing states spying on their own citizens, and social networks constantly changing their terms of privacy, no one believes in the anonymity of the Internet. This paper is aimed at presenting the most important issues related to the concept of network surveillance, with an emphasis on the problem of online privacy. The task is to draw the attention of researchers, who previously were neglecting the problem of the loss of privacy, which is not only applicable to the virtual life, but also has a significant impact on the functioning offline. Two directions here are the most visible. Users, for the privilege, comfort, or just entertainment, share on the network more and more detailed information about themselves. At the same time the giants of the Internet, as well as governments, increase the scope of their surveillance, which may stand up to even the most aware and cautious person. Changes occur extremely quickly, and this is why publications a few years or even months ago rarely mentioned about problem, and then only briefly, which may be caused by insufficient awareness about its importance and its possible impact on developing societies. However, we cannot forget about increasing the awareness of modern societies, which results in the emergence of tools for privacy protection created by the users themselves.
Optically pumped magnetometers enable a new level of biomagnetic measurements
Authors: Sander Tilmann , Jodko-Władzińska Anna , Hartwig Stefan , Brühl Rüdiger , Middelmann Thomas
Published: September 2020

The electrophysiological activities in the human body generate electric and magnetic fields that can be measured noninvasively by electrodes on the skin, or even, not requiring any contact, by magnetometers. This includes the measurement of electrical activity of brain, heart, muscles and nerves that can be measured in vivo and allows to analyze functional processes with high temporal resolution. To measure these extremely small magnetic biosignals, traditionally highly sensitive superconducting quantum-interference devices have been used, together with advanced magnetic shields. Recently, they have been complemented in usability by a new class of sensors, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs). These quantum sensors offer a high sensitivity without requiring cryogenic temperatures, allowing the design of small and flexible sensors for clinical applications. In this letter, we describe the advantages of these upcoming OPMs in two exemplary applications that were recently carried out at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB): (1) magnetocardiography (MCG) recorded during exercise and (2) auditory-evoked fields registered by magnetoencephalography.
The Prose Narrative of P.Freib. IV 47 Some Textual and Interpretative Remarks
Authors: Kanavou Nikoletta , Papathomas Amphilochios
Published: September 2020

P.Freib. IV 47 (two separate fragments) preserves a narrative text that is too fragmentary to allow the reconstruction of a plot. In the present paper, we suggest improvements to the text and collect parallels which reinforce the current view that it comes from a lost novel; we also address the possibility that this novel could have a Christian theme.
Towards a History of Immigration to Hellenistic Egypt: The Contribution of Ethnic Designations to Research
Authors: La’da Csaba A.
Published: September 2020

This study argues that ethnic designations in the documentary sources constitute our best evidence for immigration to Hellenistic Egypt, for the ethnic composition of the population and for the relative proportions of the different immigrant groups in relation to each other. Ethnic designations indicate that Hellenistic Egypt became ethnically diverse and that a substantial proportion of immigrants arrived from outside the Graeco-Macedonian world.
4D spatio-temporal convolutional networks for object position estimation in OCT volumes
Authors: Bengs Marcel , Gessert Nils , Schlaefer Alexander
Published: September 2020

Tracking and localizing objects is a central problem in computer-assisted surgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be employed as an optical tracking system, due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. Recently, 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promising performance for pose estimation of a marker object using single volumetric OCT images. While this approach relied on spatial information only, OCT allows for a temporal stream of OCT image volumes capturing the motion of an object at high volumes rates. In this work, we systematically extend 3D CNNs to 4D spatio-temporal CNNs to evaluate the impact of additional temporal information for marker object tracking. Across various architectures, our results demonstrate that using a stream of OCT volumes and employing 4D spatio-temporal convolutions leads to a 30% lower mean absolute error compared to single volume processing with 3D CNNs.
COMPASS: localization in laparoscopic visceral surgery
Authors: Hartwig Regine , Ostler Daniel , Feußner Hubertus , Berlet Maximilian , Yu Kevin , Rosenthal Jean-Claude , Wilhelm Dirk
Published: September 2020

Tracking of surgical instruments is an essential step towards the modernization of the surgical workflow by a comprehensive surgical landscape guidance system (COMPASS). Real-time tracking of a laparoscopic camera used in minimally-invasive surgery is required for applications in surgical workflow documentation, machine learning, image-localization, and intra-operative visualization. In our approach, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) assists the tool tracking in situations when no line-of-sight is available for infrared (IR) based tracking of the laparoscopic camera. The novelty of this approach lies in the localization method adjusted for the laparoscopic visceral surgery, particularly when the line-of-sight is lost. It is based on IMU tracking and the positioning of the trocar entry point. The trocar entry point is the remote center of motion (RCM), reducing degrees of freedom. We developed a method to tackle localization and a real-time tool for position and orientation estimation. The main error sources are given and evaluated in a test scenario. It reveals that for small changes in penetration length (e.g., pivoting), the IMU’s accuracy determines the error.
Infrared marker tracking with the HoloLens for neurosurgical interventions
Authors: Kunz Christian , Maurer Paulina , Kees Fabian , Henrich Pit , Marzi Christian , Hlaváč Michal , Schneider Max , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska
Published: September 2020

Patient tracking is an essential part in a surgical augmented reality system for correct hologram to patient registration. Augmented reality can support a surgeon with visual assistance to navigate more precisely during neurosurgical interventions. In this work, a system for patient tracking based on infrared markers is proposed. These markers are widely used in medical applications and meet the special medical requirements such as sterilizability. A tracking accuracy of 0.76 mm is achieved when using the near field reflectivity and depth sensor of the HoloLens. On the HoloLens a performance of 55–60 fps is reached, which grants a sufficiently stable placement of the holograms in the operating room.
Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides using response surface methodology
Authors: Song Jitian , Dongqi Shi , Hang Su , Yongxia Feng , Wei Tian
Published: September 2020

Ultrasonic extraction was a new development method to achieve high-efficiency extraction of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides instead of hot water extraction. In this paper, the single factor method combined with the box Behnken design of response surface method was used to study the influence of extraction time, extraction temperature, material liquid ratio and ultrasonic power on the extraction rate of L. barbarum polysaccharide. The results indicated that the best extraction rate of L. barbarum polysaccharide was 12.54 ± 0.12% under the conditions of 80 min for extraction time, 73 °C for extraction temperature, 1 g:38 mL for material to liquid ratio, and 185 W for ultrasonic power. Under the same operating conditions, the yield of L. barbarum polysaccharide using ultrasonic extraction was 83.3%, which was higher than that hot water extraction. Moreover, the extraction time of ultrasonic extraction was only 47% of that using hot water extraction. This suggested that there was great potentials of using ultrasonic extraction in the realization of high-efficiency extraction of L. barbarum polysaccharide. The results of this study could also provide a theoretical basis for the coupling of ultrasonic extraction and ultrasonic concentration process to develop the integrated equipment of both ultrasonic extraction and ultrasonic concentration.
COVID-19 and the US Lettuce Supply Chain: Implications for Farmworker Health and Safety and a Secure Supply
Authors: Loker Ali
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed multiple vulnerabilities in the U.S. lettuce value chain. Restaurants and other food service operations closed almost overnight, leaving farmers with millions of dollars of excess lettuce. Because of the rigid value chain, farmers were forced to decide whether to harvest their crops for donation, try to find new customers, or plow their crops under. Close working and living conditions increase farmworkers’ risk of contracting COVID-19. Though many operations have implemented safety measures to protect farmworkers from COVID-19 in the short-term, larger structural changes must be made to provide workers with fair wages, access to health insurance and paid time off, and affordable housing. This review outlines the current value chain of lettuce in the U.S. and the disruptions caused by COVID-19, analyzes the impacts on farmworker health and safety, and offers recommendations for a more resilient lettuce value chain.
The Effect of Constitutional Commitment to Social Security on Social Expenditure Schemes
Authors: Cammeraat Emile
Published: September 2020

This paper studies the effect of constitutional commitment to social security (CCSS) on different categories of social expenditure. For this purpose, we use a pooled cross sectional database for 17 EU-countries from 1990 till 2012. We run OLS models, 2SLS regression models and the Heckman two step model, using the rigidity of the constitution as instrumental variable to correct for possible endogeneity. A positive effect of constitutional commitment to social security is found on total social expenditure and on all four categories of social security spending: old age and survivor, incapacity, unemployment and active labor market policies (ALMPs). The largest effect sizes, expressed as a percentage of average spending, are found for expenditure on unemployment and ALMPs. This shows that constitutional commitment to social security has the largest effect on social expenditure schemes targeted at people who are perceived as less deserving by the public opinion.
Ações extensionistas na prevenção, cuidados e combate à pandemia por coronavírus nas divisas do Paraná / Extensionist actions to prevent, care and combat pandemic by coronavirus on the borders of Paraná
Authors: Silva Ruann Oswaldo Carvalho da , Bonan Karoline Fernanda Zamboni , Rosa Flávia Castro , Cunha Graziela Ribeiro da , Müller Erildo Vicente , Favero Giovani Marino , Ditterich Rafael Gomes , Silva Carla Luiza da
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: descrever as atividades extensionistas de prevenção, cuidados e combate à pandemia por coronavírus nas divisas do Paraná. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo de dados provenientes das Ações Extensionistas Prevenção, Cuidados e Combate à Pandemia do Novo Coronavírus - Atenção às divisas rodoviárias do Estado, realizadas de abril a junho de 2020. Resultados: o programa contou com três ações diferentes, sendo desenvolvidas por uma equipe multiprofissional: ações educativas no pedágio, no contêiner da saúde, na ronda ao longo da rodovia e no projeto Saúde na Estrada. Conclusões: a ação possibilitou o trabalho de prevenção e promoção de saúde à população, além de proporcionar aos profissionais de saúde uma visão ampliada do trabalho em equipe e de um problema de saúde pública.
Casos confirmados do novo coronavírus: interiorização da doença em um município de Minas Gerais / Confirmed cases of new coronavirus: interiorization of the disease in a city in Minas Gerais
Authors: Dias Ernandes Gonçalves
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: analisar a ocorrência da doença causada pelo novo coronavírus a partir dos casos confirmados em um município de pequeno porte no interior do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo, realizado a partir de boletins epidemiológicos, do período de 16 de abril a 17 de julho de 2020, divulgados nas redes sociais da Prefeitura Municipal da cidade. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: em 23 dias, do período analisado, teve 48 casos confirmados. O intervalo de tempo entre as confirmações de casos, as linhas de tendência e a Média Móvel Simples demonstraram crescente número de casos positivos no município. Conclusão: a mudança de comportamento em nível individual e coletivo permancem como as principais medidas para enfrentar a doença em função da inexistência de tratamento ou vacina já aprovados, sobretudo pela limitação de recursos tecnológicos de saúde para tratamento em município do interior do Estado.
Core clock gene Bmal1 deprivation impairs steroidogenesis in mice luteinized follicle cells
Authors: Wang Yizi , Chen Minghui , Xu Jian , Liu Xinyan , Duan Yuwei , Zhou Canquan , Xu Yanwen
Published: September 2020

Luteinization is the event of corpus luteum formation, a way of follicle cells transformation and a process of steroidogenesis alteration. As the core clock gene, Bmal1 was involved in the regulation of ovulation process and luteal function afterwards. Till now, the underlying roles of luteinization played by Bmal1 remain unknown. To explore the unique role of Bmal1 in luteal steroidogenesis and its underlying pathway, we investigated the luteal hormone synthesis profile in Bmal1 knockout female mice. We found that luteal hormone synthesis was notably impaired, and phosphorylation of PI3K/NfκB pathway was significantly activated. Then, the results were verified in in vitro cultured cells, including isolated Bmal1 interference granulosa cells (GCs) and theca cells (TCs), respectively. Hormones levels of supernatant culture media and mRNA expressions of steroidogenesis-associated genes (star, Hsd3β2, cyp19a1 in GCs, Lhcgr, star, Hsd3β2, cyp17a1 in TCs) were mutually decreased, while the phosphorylation of PI3K/NfκB was promoted during in vitro luteinization. After PI3K specific-inhibitor LY294002 intervention, mRNA expressions of Lhcgr and Hsd3β2 were partially rescued in Bmal1 interference TCs, together with significantly increased androstenedione and T synthesis. Further exploration in TCs demonstrated BMAL1 interacted directly but negatively with NfκB p65 (RelA), a subunit which was supposed as a mediator in Bmal1-governed PI3K signaling regulation. Taken together, we verified the novel role of Bmal1 in luteal steroidogenesis, achieving by negative interplay with RelA-mediated PI3K/NfκB pathway.
Racking strength of paperboard based sheathing materials
Authors: Bi Wu , Coffin Douglas W.
Published: September 2020

Small-scale racking testers were developed for use as a means to evaluate paperboard-based sheathing materials used in framed wall-construction. For the purpose of evaluating the performance of different sheathing materials, the tester provides an economic alternative to standard full-scale racking tests. In addition, results from testing provide practical insight into the racking response of framed and sheathed walls. The load-deformation responses of three commercial sheathing boards were measured, and initial racking stiffness and racking strength were proposed as parameters for characterizing the board. The racking test results showed that the initial paperboard racking stiffness correlated to elastic modulus and caliper, but the response was insensitive to paperboard orientation or test dimensions. Observations and results showed that both panel buckling and paperboard cutting at the staples affected the racking response, but the dominating factor influencing the racking response appears to be load transfer through the staples.
Pelletized ponderosa pine bark for adsorption of toxic heavy metals from water
Authors: Oh Miyoung , Tshabalala Mandla A.
Published: September 2020

ark flour from ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) was consolidated into pellets using citric acid as cross-linking agent. The pellets were evaluated for removal of toxic heavy metals from synthetic aqueous solutions. When soaked in water, pellets did not leach tannins, and they showed high adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Ni(II) under both equilibrium and dynamic adsorption conditions. The experimental data for Cd(II) and Zn(II) showed a better fit to the Langmuir than to the Freundlich isotherm. The Cu(II) data best fit the Freundlich isotherm, and the Ni(II) data fitted both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms equally. According to the Freundlich constant KF, adsorption capacity of pelletized bark for the metal ions in aqueous solution, pH 5.1 ± 0.2, followed the order Cd(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II) >> Ni(II); according to the Langmuir constant b, adsorption affinity followed the order Cd(II) >> Cu(II) ≈ Zn(II) >> Ni(II). Although data from dynamic column adsorption experiments did not show a good fit to the Thomas kinetic adsorption model, estimates of sorption affinity series of the metal ions on pelletized bark derived from this model were not consistent with the series derived from the Langmuir or Freundlich isotherms and followed the order Cu(II) > Zn(II) ≈ Cd(II) > Ni(II). According to the Thomas kinetic model, the theoretical maximum amounts of metal that can be sorbed on the pelletized bark in a column at influent concentration of ≈10 mg/L and flow rate = 5 mL/min were estimated to be 57, 53, 50, and 27 mg/g for copper, zinc, cadmium, and nickel, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential for converting low-cost bark residues to value-added sorbents using starting materials and chemicals derived from renewable resources. These sorbents can be applied in the removal of toxic heavy metals from waste streams with heavy metal ion concentrations of up to 100 mg/L in the case of Cu(II).
ІННОВАЦІЙНО-ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА ЕКОНОМІКА: ПОСТІНДУСТРІАЛЬНІСТЬ, ГЕНЕРАЦІЙНІСТЬ, ВІДКРИТІСТЬ (закінчення)
Authors: ТАРАСЕВИЧ Віктор , ЗАВГОРОДНЯ Олена
Published: September 2020

Розглядається актуальна проблематика інноваційно-інформаційної економіки постіндустріального типу в контексті європейського вибору України в умовах глобальних трансформацій. Інноваційно-інформаційна економіка характеризується як провідна складова, джерело, генератор і ядро саморозвитку постіндустріальної економіки, прогресивної еволюції національної економіки та суспільства. Йдеться, перш за все, про неосні інновації субстанційного типу та знаннєємну інформацію як форму представлення наукових знань, дійовий засіб спрямованого оновлення та перетворення екогенів та економічного геному національних економічних акторів, рушій їх креативної діяльності. Сучасна інноваційно-інформаційна революція визначає об'єктивний характер закономірностей наукової інтелектуалізації та інноваційної інформатизації економічної діяльності.Унікальна інноваційно-генераційна роль знань і знаннєємної інформації є детермінованою, зокрема, їх субстратними якостями, в тому числі: майже абсолютним метаморфізмом, індиферентністю до матеріалу носіїв, підвищеною мобільністю, здатністю бути об'єктом привласнення без відповідного відчуження, ефективним інтегратором факторів виробництва та каталізатором інноваційного капіталотворення, модератором циклічної коеволюції базових складових інноваційно-інформаційної економіки. У відтворювальних економічних процесах знання і знаннєємна інформація представлені безпосередньо як особливі сутнісні сили економічних учасників і у формі інноваційно-інформаційних продуктів (у неринковій сфері відтворення) або інноваційно-інформаційних товарів (у ринковій сфері відтворення). Зазначені продукти й товари є носіями основних якісних характеристик знань і знаннєємної інформації, що дозволяє їм бути провідними «гравцями» глобальної економіки.Притаманний інноваційно-інформаційній економіці креативний потенціал розвитку може бути реалізований лише за умов її національно орієнтованої відкритості до провідних глобальних тенденцій і процесів, зокрема: всеосяжної знаннєємної інформатизації та комп'ютерізації; активної креативізації економіки та суспільства; актуалізації економічних творчості та свободи; конкурентного співробітництва та цивілізованої боротьби; експансії мобільного й високопрофесійного людського капіталу. Інноваційно-інформаційна економіка має стати потужним авангардом національного розвитку.
ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ НАПРЯМІВ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ОБ’ЄКТІВ ТЕПЛОВОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ПОПЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОЦІНКИ ТА АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ РОЗРАХУНКІВ
Authors: СЕРДЮК Олександр
Published: September 2020

ТЕС в Україні потребують модернізації з огляду на неефективність споживання ними палива і високий рівень викидів забруднюючих речо-вин. Як варіант вирішення окресленої проблеми запропоновано модерні-зацію діючих ТЕС. В іншому випадку відновлювані джерела енергії мо-жуть стати альтернативою тепловій генерації. Для розробки конкретної стратегії переходу від традиційних джерел енергії до відновлюваних не-обхідно виконати кількісну оцінку ефективності по кожному проекту та-кого переходу. Одним з інструментів вирішення цієї складної проблеми є розробка інформаційно-аналітичної системи попередньої оцінки порівня-льної ефективності різних напрямів розвитку енергогенерації.Розроблений науково-методичний підхід надає можливість побудува-ти інформаційно-аналітичну систему за допомогою мови програмування Python для виконання автоматизованої попередньої оцінки порівняльної ефективності проектів модернізації діючих енергоблоків ТЕС; будівницт-ва та експлуатації ВЕС; будівництва та експлуатації СЕС. На основі ана-лізу критеріїв ефективності програма виявляє найбільш економічно при-вабливу альтернативу для аналізованого об’єкта теплової енергетики. Як приклад наведено порівняльну оцінку проекту модернізації Ладижинської ТЕС і проекту будівництва СЕС аналогічної потужності. Алгоритм порів-няльної оцінки включає в себе: визначення ефективного рівня теплової енергогенерації; оцінку ефекту від споживання вугілля різних постачаль-ників; визначення грошового потоку проектів модернізації ТЕС і будів-ництва об’єктів відновлюваної енергетики; побудову кумулятивних пря-мих грошового потоку. За результатами роботи програми встановлено, що проект будівництва СЕС є ефективнішим, ніж проект модернізації енергоблока Ладижинської ТЕС. Розроблена інформаційно-аналітична система може бути використана Міністерством енергетики та вугільної промисловості України в рамках процесу цифровізації управлінських рі-шень у сфері розробки напрямів розвитку енергетики.
ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ КОНТРОЛЬ СИЛАМИ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА: ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ПІДХІД
Authors: АФАНАСЬЄВА Марина
Published: September 2020

У статті досліджується значущість суспільних інституцій для успішного функціону-вання ринкової економіки. Зроблено акцент на тому, що ринкові інститути формуються шляхом соціальної організації та еволюції. Уточнюється структура сучасного суспільства, головним критерієм якої обрано поєднання професійного виконання функцій своєї соціа-льної групи та прихильність до моральних цінностей. Висувається гіпотеза ізоморфізму суспільної структури, згідно з якою зменшення у громадянському суспільстві частки лю-дей з рентоорієнтованою поведінкою може призвести до аналогічних зрушень у бізнесі та державному секторі. Запропоновано систему економічного контролю, що відповідає роз-поділу суспільства на три основні соціальні групи. Розкрито новий зміст контролю, який виходить з концепції сталого розвитку та теорії систем. Сутністю нового виду контролю є формування суспільно значущої аналітичної інформації, здатної запускати механізми са-моорганізації підприємств, у тому числі самоконтроль, а його основним коригувальним засобом – оприлюднення цих висновків. Приділено увагу джерелам первісної інформації для громадянського контролю (наприклад, фінансової та податкової звітності підпри-ємств), що не є комерційною таємницею згідно з українським законодавством. Перерахо-вано інституціональні механізми, такі як примусовий механізм закону, нормативний ме-ханізм професійної думки, наслідувальний механізм позитивної практики, просування ін-формації, залучення прихильників і співпраця з фондами. Зроблено висновок про те, що впровадження економічного контролю з боку громадянського суспільства здатне зміцнити суспільні інститути, такі як право, мораль, власність, підприємство, довіра в суспільстві, чесна конкуренція та ін., що, скоріше за все, позитивно позначиться на розвитку економі-ки.
ЛІСОВІ РЕСУРСИ: ТАКСАЦІЙНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ ЇХ ОБЛІКУ І ВИКОРИСТАННЯ У СИСТЕМІ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЛІСОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ
Authors: БОБКО Андрій
Published: September 2020

Висвітлено короткий нарис розвитку лісівництва в Україні та його реформування в останні роки. Зокрема, розглянуто його становлення по Київській губернії з часів започаткування лісівництва як галузі рослинни-цтва. Те саме стосується ХХ ст., з наголошенням на змінах економічної ефективності лісівництва впродовж його другої половини. Проаналізова-но основоположні таксаційні терміни «ліс», «лісовий фонд», «лісокорис-тування», їх визначення і відповідність стандартам європейського лісів-ництва. Здійснено їх порівняння за описом у країнах колишнього Союзу РСР і в законодавстві ЄЕК/ФАО. Доведено, що найбільш повним і зрозу-мілим для визначення змісту землекористування є термін «ліс» в описі ЄЕК/ФАО: «Ліс – це земля». Точніше – землі лісові. Такий опис включає усі найбільш характерні компоненти ЛЕС, хоч і не вживає цього терміна. Без запровадження терміна «компонент» поняття «ліс» як об’єкт обліку і спостереження залишається двозначним, мало визначеним, нібито за ча-сів зародження лісівництва як галузі рослинництва та відсутності належ-ним чином освічених спеціалістів. Для обговорення і прийняття пропону-ється використовувати опис терміна «ліс» = «землі лісові» стосовно до його змісту першого рівня за ССКЗ ЄЕК/ФАО ООН як найбільш прави-льний, дещо уточнивши його за кількісними показниками вітчизняної практики лісівництва та лісовпорядкування, і визначати їх за пропонова-ною формулою.Особливо відзначимо, що оцінка динаміки таксаційних показників стану категорії «землі лісові» повинна знаходити предметне та цільове за-стосування при розробці проектів лісогосподарських заходів і формуван-ня стійких ЛЕС з урахуванням норм охорони навколишнього середовища.
O que é circulação na comunicação? Dimensões epistemológicas
Authors: Grohmann Rafael
Published: September 2020

O artigo apresenta a perspectiva da circulação como um lugar epistemológico de onde se olha a comunicação, encarada como articulação de saberes. A partir da teorização sobre como apreender a circulação em perspectiva comunicacional, o texto debate três dimensões distintas e complementares da circulação como possibilidades para as teorias da comunicação: a) perspectiva semiodiscursiva, envolvendo análise do discurso e semiótica; b) estudos culturais; c) circulação comunicacional do capital, sendo essa entendida como um ponto-cego na área. Na articulação entre “circulação de sentidos” e “circulação do capital”, apresentam-se potências teórico-metodológicas para o conceito no campo da comunicação, envolvendo lutas por circulação e disputas de sentidos.
O que tem afastado os jovens da participação política? Uma análise do caso de São Borja-RS
Authors: Weirich Fernanda , De Azevedo Domingos Sávio Campos
Published: September 2020

O artigo em questão trata sobre uma pesquisa realizada na cidade de São Borja - RS, na qual buscamos captar e depois analisar os motivos que tem afastado os jovens, com direito facultativo ao voto, da participação política convencional na democracia representativa, que é o voto. Para isso a pesquisa foi realizada com jovens na faixa etária de 16 e 17 anos de idade, que não tinham tirado o título de eleitor, a fim de captar de forma mais clara as motivações e as influências que fazem com que os jovens que tenham o direito de votar não se utilizem do mesmo. Consideramos a participação política muito importante para um regime democrático representativo, como é o caso do Brasil, devido a isso o artigo visa colocar o assunto em pauta e contribuir para a temática. Ao decorrer do artigo iremos discorrer sobre alguns conceitos que são necessários para compreender a pesquisa, tais como cultura política, socialização política, confiança e participação política. E por fim, trazer algumas considerações sobre os resultados achados na pesquisa de campo.