bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Điều trị tổn thương phức tạp quai động mạch chủ bằng phương pháp hybrid
Authors: Dung Doan Duc , Hieu Nguyen Lan , Tien Do Anh , Thang Bui Quang , Anh Tran Tien , Thang Nguyen Duy , Nhuan Bui Duc , Nhon Bui Van
Published: February 2021

Bệnh lý động mạch chủ rất đa dạng và có nguy cơ cao dẫn đến đột tử nếu bệnh nhân có triệu chứng. Bệnh lý động mạch chủ đoạn quai có các hình thái như phình, lóc tách, loét do xơ vữa, giả phình, hẹp eo động mạch chủ. Nguyên nhân của bệnh lý động mạch chủ hay gặp nhất là bệnh lý tăng huyết áp, ngoài ra có các nguyên nhân khác như nhiễm trùng, bệnh mô liên kết, chấn thương, bẩm sinh. Phẫu thuật điều trị bệnh lý động mạch chủ đoạn quai là phương pháp điều trị kinh điển nhưng có nguy cơi cao với những trường hợp bệnh lý tái phát hoặc ở bệnh nhân có bệnh lý nền nặng, thể trạng yếu, biến chứng chảy máu, nhiễm trùng xương ức, khó khăn cho gây mê hồi sức. Cách đây khoảng hơn 2 thập kỷ, phương pháp can thiệp đặt stent graft động mạch chủ ra đời, việc điều trị các bệnh lý động mạch chủ trở nên dễ dàng, triệt để và ít xâm lấn hơn, song song với tỷ lệ thành công cao hơn và giảm thiểu các biến chứng, do đó đây là một biện pháp điều trị thay thế phẫu thuật. Một tiêu chí quan trọng để tiến hành đặt stent graft là phần mạch lành từ gốc mạch máu quan trọng (động mạch cảnh, thân cánh tay đầu, động mạch tạng) đến điểm khởi phát tổn thương phải đủ dài để neo giữ stent và không bị rò ra ngoài lòng stent (landing zone). Kỹ thuật này đến nay đã trở nên phổ biến ở nhiều trung tâm can thiệp trong nước và trên thế giới với tỷ lệ thành công cao nếu tổn thương ở động mạch chủ xuống có landing zone tốt. Tuy nhiên với tổn thương ở vùng quai động mạch chủ, do vùng landing zone ngắn, là nơi xuất phát của nhiều mạch máu lớn nên việc thực hiện can thiệp đặt stent trở nên phức tạp hơn nhiều, đòi hỏi phải có sự phối hợp chặt chẽ giữa bác sỹ can thiệp và bác sỹ phẫu thuật, đây gọi là phương pháp Hybrid. Phương pháp Hybrid bao gồm những kỹ thuật phức tạp nhất trong can thiệp bệnh lý động mạch chủ. Chúng tôi đã thực hiện phương pháp này trên 5 trường hợp bệnh nhân với kết quả khả quan, do đó chúng tôi muốn chia sẻ về kinh nghiệm và những hiểu biết của chúng tôi về kỹ thuật này.1

nhân
Kết quả sớm phẫu thuật bắc cầu chủ vành cấp cứu tại bệnh viện Tim Hà nội
Authors: Minh Nguyen Thai , Ha Nguyen Hoang , Huong Ha Mai , Van Hoang , Hung Doan Quoc
Published: February 2021

71 trường hợp được phẫu thuật bắc cầu chủ vành cấp cứu tại Bệnh viện Tim Hà nội từ 1/2017 đến 12/2019. Tuổi trung bình 68,7 ± 9,3 (trẻ nhất là 38 tuổi, lớn nhất là 86 tuổi). Nam giới chiếm 66,2%. Euroscore II trung bình là 15,7%. Chỉ định mổ do thiếu máu cơ tim tiến triển mà không can thiệp được chiếm 60,6%, sốc tim do NMCT cấp chiếm 23,9%, các tai biến liên quan đến can thiệp chiếm 7,1%, biến chứng cơ học sau NMCT cấp chiếm 9,9%. Số cầu nối trung bình là 3,08. Thời gian cặp ĐMC trung bình là 72 phút (30- 167), thời gian chạy máy trung bình là 101 phút (40-264). Thời gian thở máy trung bình 4,4 ngày (1-32). Tỷ lệ tử vong bệnh viện là 9,9%. Phẫu thuật bắc cầu chủ vành cấp cứu mặc dù là phẫu thuật có nguy cơ cao nhưng vẫn là một phương pháp điều trị trong một số chỉ định cụ thể với kết quả chấp nhận được.

but
Phẫu thuật thành công sửa chữa hoàn toàn thân chung động mạch type ở bệnh nhân 16 tuổi không có yếu tố bảo vệ phổi
Authors: Thanh Bui Minh , Thuan Phan Quan , Dung Nguyen Anh , Khanh Nguyen
Published: February 2021

Thân chung động mạch (TA) là một bất thường bẩm sinh hiếm gặp với sự cấu thành bình thường của tầng nhĩ và tương hợp nhĩ thất phù hợp nhưng chỉ có một thân chung động mạch cấp máu cho động mạch vành, động mạch phổi và động mạch hệ thống [11]. Bất thường bẩm sinh này chiếm 1,2% tất cả các dị tật tim bẩm sinh [13]. TA được phân loại theo hai hệ thống, chủ yếu theo phân loại của tác giả Collett ‐ Edwards và Van Praagh, dựa trên nguyên ủy xuất phát của động mạch phổi (ĐMP) [13]. Ở đây, chúng tôi xin trình bày cách phân loại của tác giả Collett ‐ Edwards. Theo Collett ‐ Edwards thì type I có một thân chung ĐMP xuất phát nguyên ủy từ động mạch chủ (ĐMC) và chia thành hai nhánh động mạch phổi phải và trái; trong khi đó type II không tồn tại rõ ràng thân chung ĐMP, ĐMP phải và trái xuất phát cùng nguyên ủy từ TA; type III không có thân chung ĐMP, ĐMP phài và trái xuất phát từ hai nguyên ủy riêng biệt trên TA; đối với type IV không tồn tại cả thân chung ĐMP và các nhánh ĐMP phổi được cấp máu từ các nhánh tuần hoàn bang hệ chủ phổi, loại này cũng được gọi là thiểu sản phổi kèm thông liên thất [13]. Trước kỷ nguyên phẫu thuật tim gần 80% trẻ bị bệnh tim bẩm sinh này tử vong trong năm đầu tiên của cuộc sống [3,11]. Nếu trẻ được sữa chữa sớm lúc tuổi nhũ nhi thì, kết cục được báo cáo vào năm 1997, tỷ lệ sống sau 5 năm là 90%, sau 10 năm là 95%, sau 15 năm là 85% [13]. Những số liệu trên cho thấy việc trẻ không được điều trị mà sống tới lúc thiếu niên là rất hiếm gặp và số bệnh nhân sống sót này sẽ phát triển bệnh mạch máu phổi không hồi phục [11]. Tỷ lệ sống còn của bệnh nhân thân chung động mạch type I tới tuổi thiếu niên hoặc trưởng thành không được thống kê đày đủ, chỉ có báo cáo rất ít qua các trường hợp đơn độc [11]. Các trường hợp không đủ điều kiện để sữa chữa triệt để lần đầu, có thể được trì hoãn bằng banding động mạch phổi, thường thực hiện ở các bệnh nhân có biến chứng bệnh mạch máu phổi và thường gặp ở bệnh thân chung động mạch sống sót trên 1 tuổi [11]. Vì thế việc phẫu thuật sữa chữa hoàn toàn cho bệnh nhân thân chung động mạch type I còn sống sót đến tuổi thiếu niên mà chưa trãi qua bất kỳ can thiệp nào trước đó là cực kỳ hiếm, chưa tìm thấy báo cáo trong y văn. Do vậy, chúng tôi báo cáo một trường hợp phẫu thuật sửa chữa hoàn toàn bệnh thân chung động mạch vào năm 16 tuổi, không trải qua bất kì can thiệp nào trước đó. 1
Một số yếu tố nguy cơ đối với tràn dịch màng phổi kéo dài sau phẫu thuật ontan
Authors: Dai Tran Dac , Thanh Le Ngoc , Van Dang Thi Hai , Tien Do Anh
Published: February 2021

Dữ liệu được thu thập từ tất cả các bệnh nhân trẻ em được chẩn đoán tim sinh lý 1 thất và được tiến hành phẫu thuật Fontan tại trung tâm tim mạch- bệnh viện E từ tháng 8/2012 đến 12/2019. Các bệnh nhân được đặt dẫn lưu màng phổi sau mổ, và tình trạng dẫn lưu có dịch kéo dài liên tục trên 15 ngày sau mổ được xếp vào nhóm biến chứng TDMPKD. Tổng số có 145 bệnh nhân trong nghiên cứu, trong đó 29 bệnh nhân bị TDMPKD (chiếm 20%). Một số đặc điểm khác biệt giữa 2 nhóm biến chứng và không biến chứng được xác định: tiền sử TDMPKD trước đó (p=0,00), tiền sử tràn dịch dưỡng chấp trước đó (p=0.045), tiền sử từng tiến hành can thiệp gây dính màng phổi trước đó (p=0.045), bất thường giải phẫu vị trí các tạng ngực- bụng (p=0,018), tình trạng hở van nhĩ thất trước mổ (p=0.03), tồn tại tuần hoàn bàng hệ lớn trước mổ (p=0,041), thời gian cặp động mạch chủ trong mổ (p=0,04) và thời gian chạy tuần hoàn ngoài cơ thể trong mổ (p=0,014). Phân tích đa biến xác định được một số yếu tố nguy cơ độc lập có liên quan đến gia tăng tỉ lệ biến chứng TDMPKD sau mổ, bao gồm: tình trạng suy tim độ III trở lên trước mổ (OR: 4.93, 95%CI: 1.19 – 20.50, p=0.028), thể bệnh giải phẫu thất phải 2 đường ra (TP2ĐR) có kèm đảo gốc động mạch (ĐGĐM) (OR: 31.00, 95%CI: 1.35 - 711.63, p=0.032), tình trạng hở van nhĩ thất trước mổ (OR: 70.73, 95%CI: 3.28 - 1523.28, p=0.007), tồn tại shunt tâm thất- động mạch phổi từ trước mổ ((OR: 8.29, 95%CI: 1.60– 42.78, p=0.012), chỉ số kích thước động mạch phổi (PAI) trước mổ (OR: 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97– 0.99, p=0.002), và tăng áp lực động mạch phổi trung bình (OR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.01–1.53, p=0.046). Biến chứng TDMPKD có tỉ lệ xuất hiện tương đối thấp với nhóm bệnh nhân trải qua phẫu thuật Fontan. Việc tìm ra các yếu tố nguy cơ (cả trước, trong và sau mổ) giúp các bác sỹ lâm sàng đưa ra tiên lượng trước phẫu thuật và lên chiến lược dự phòng nhằm làm giảm tỉ lệ xuất hiện biến chứng, cải thiện kết quả đầu ra của phương pháp phẫu thuật Fontan cho các bệnh nhân tim sinh lý 1 thất.
A graduação do contador e o perfil esperado pelo mercado de trabalho: um estudo na cidade de Campo Grande/MS
Authors: Silva Iris Viana da , Casagranda Yasmin Gomes , Coutinho Marcio Ricardo , Sanches Arthur Caldeira , Maciel Wilson Ravelli Elizeu
Published: February 2021

RESUMO
É de grande importância para o mercado de trabalho que o profissional contábil, para que realize um bom serviço, receba uma formação de acordo com as necessidades do exercício da profissão. Desse modo o presente trabalho buscou analisar a formação dada ao contador e o perfil que o mercado de trabalho deseja do profissional. Sendo que foi feita uma coleta de dados sobre a opinião de egressos de ciências contábeis, uma comparação entre matrizes curriculares de diferentes instituições de ensino e uma coleta de dados com organizações contábeis para se encontrar o perfil dos contratados. Encontraram-se falhas no ensino contábil e na preparação do aluno para o mercado de trabalho, onde é dada grande importância a teoria e a prática é deixada de lado. Concluindo-se que o ensino contábil não prepara totalmente o aluno para a atuação no mercado de trabalho.

Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior - 1; Ciências Contábeis - 2; Exercício Contábil – 3; Mercado de trabalho – 4; Formação de contadores – 5; Perfil profissional – 6.
O Blockchain e suas aplicações para além das criptomoedas: Uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Vianna Fernando Ressetti Pinheiro Marques , Silva Petterson Cristian Grendel da , Peinado Jurandir
Published: February 2021

RESUMO
O presente trabalho buscou explorar o tema Blockchain além área usualmente abordada, as criptomoedas. Para tanto o método utilizado foi a Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL), que utilizou a base Google Scholar como fonte dos artigos que compuseram o corpus do trabalho. Inicialmente foram localizados mais de 23 mil artigos sobre o tema Blockchain, mas que, com a aplicação de filtros baseados em critérios já utilizados em outros artigos, chegou a quinze artigos que apresentaram aplicações de crowdsourcing não relacionadas a criptomoedas. A utilização da RSL se deve ao fato do tema ser inovador e ainda apresentar lacunas relacionadas às categorias de blockchain e termos utilizados em suas possíveis aplicações. O trabalho chegou a treze categorias de utilização do blockchain: notório público, indústria da música, armazenamento descentralizado, IOT, antifalsificação, aplicações para o bitcoin, contratos inteligentes, organização autônoma descentralizada, protótipos de aplicativos, Supply Chain Management, cidades inteligentes, direitos de propriedades e hyperledger.
Palavras-chave: Blockchain. Revisão Sistemática de Literatura. Categorização. Outras aplicações de blockchain.
Modelo integrado de planejamento orçamentário condominial aplicado em um mall
Authors: Santos Givaldo Guilherme dos , Silva Edimilson Eduardo da
Published: February 2021

Resumo Esse artigo de natureza técnica apresenta a aplicação do planejamento orçamentário integrado em um centro comercial planejado também conhecido como strip mall ou mall. O campo de estudo da administração é abrangente, multidisciplar e aplicado que busca compreender a adoção de diferentes posturas de tomada de decisão. A pesquisa teve como escopo levantar as principais premissas que impactam como diferencial competitivo desde a viabilidade, concepção, operação e estratégia no mercado de varejo com operações de conveniência e serviços. Através de um levantamento documental com dados secundários e primários obtidos junto a direção do mall constatou-se peculiaridades na gestão financeira na carteira que envolve aluguel, condomínio e fundo de promoção. A utilização de um modelo em formato de planilha excel contemplando a integração dessa grade de custos mostrou-se eficiente na estratégia gerencial do empreendimento bem como na gestão e relacionamento comercial com os agentes envolvidos (lojistas). O modelo diante de versatilidade contribuiu também para aplicação em outros tipos de arranjos comerciais ou organizações de pequeno porte com vistas a uma maior integração na gestão orçamentária. Palavras-chave: planejamento orçamentário, strip mall, varejo, custos.
Tecnologias de informação e comunicação: um estudo de como elas estão sendo abordadas nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de ciências contábeis
Authors: Moraes Filho Leandro Clemente , Gualberto Flávio Nantes , Santos Edicreia Andrade dos , Santos Luiz Miguel Renda dos
Published: February 2021

Resumo
Com vistas a entender o enfoque e a utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) nos cursos de Ciências Contábeis das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras a partir dos Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos (PPCs), realizou-se um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa e procedimentos bibliográfico e documental. Para isso, foram coletados os PPCs das IES que ofereciam o curso de Ciências Contábeis e, posteriormente, aplicou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Dentre os resultados, observou-se a necessidade de que IES e seus docentes utilizem essas ferramentas para auxiliar no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Evidenciou-se, também, quando da análise dos PPCs, que, por muitos deles estarem defasados, nem se atentam em mencionar a importância do uso das TICs por professores e alunos. Alguns PPCs são exceções, como os da UFAL, da UNIFESP, da UNIFAL-MG, da UFV e da UFMS. Com isso, verifica-se a necessidade de atualização dos PPCs, com maior ênfase às TICs como apoio e também de disciplinas que as enfatizem em sua consecução.

Palavras-chave: Contabilidade. Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação. Ensino Superior.
Green productivity: waste reduction with green value stream mapping. A case study of leather production
Authors: Prayugo J. , Zhong L.X.
Published: February 2021

This study aims to identify and reduce waste in PT Rajapaksi Adya Perkasa manufacturing company. The analysis uses the concept of green productivity with Green Value Stream Mapping as the analysis model. Through the GVSM current state, this study calculates the amount of green waste in the production line including seven green waste. The result of this study shows an improvement to minimize the waste that occurs through the GVSM future state. GVSM technique increases the green productivity value from 1.12 to 1.81.
TOPSIS-RTCID for range target-based criteria and interval data
Authors: Jahan A. , Yazdani M. , Edwards K.L.
Published: February 2021

The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is receiving considerable attention as an essential decision analysis technique and becoming a leading method. This paper describes a new version of TOPSIS with interval data and capability to deal with all types of criteria. An improved structure of the TOPSIS is presented to deal with high uncertainty in engineering and engineering decision-making. The proposed Range Target-based Criteria and Interval Data model of TOPSIS (TOPSIS-RTCID) achieves the core contribution in decision making theories through a distinct normalization formula for cost and benefits criteria in scale of point and range target-based values. It is important to notice a very interesting property of the proposed normalization formula being opposite to the usual one. This property can explain why the rank reversal problem is limited. The applicability of the proposed TOPSIS-RTCID method is examined with several empirical litreture’s examples with comparisons, sensitivity analysis, and simulation. The authors have developed a new tool with more efficient, reliable and robust outcomes compared to that from other available tools. The complexity of an engineering design decision problem can be resolved through the development of a well-structured decision making method with multiple attributes. Various decision approches developed for engineering design have neglected elements that should have been taken into account. Through this study, engineering design problems can be resolved with greater reliability and confidence.
Identifying and classifying attributes of packaging for customer satisfaction-A Kano Model Approach
Authors: Dash S. K.
Published: February 2021

The packaging industry in India is predicted to grow at 18% annually. In recent years Packaging becomes a potential marketing tool. The marketer should design the packaging of high quality from customer perspective.  As the research in the area of packaging is very few, study of quality attributes of Packaging is the need of the hour and inevitable. An empirical research was conducted by applying Kano Model. The researcher is interested to find out the perception of the customers on 22 quality attributes of packaging. 500 respondents which were selected randomly were asked about their experience of packing on everyday commodities through a well-structured questionnaire.  The classification of attribute as must-be quality, one-dimensional quality, attractive quality, indifferent quality and reverse quality was done by three methods. Marketer should make a note of it and prioritise the attributes for customer satisfaction.
A systematic literature review of Total Quality Management (TQM) implementation in the organization
Authors: Permana A. , Purba H.H. , Rizkiyah N.D.
Published: February 2021

In today’s market situation and complex business environment, organization must be able to deliver the customer’s requirement and the expectations which are critical to the satisfaction such as high product quality, faster delivery and competitive cost. Organization need to apply a comprehensive concept and method on managing those requirements. The concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) is considered as one of a popular concept used to manage the quality of product and services comprehensively. This research is to observe is this concept and method still relevant to be use and effectively improved the business performance as well as customer satisfaction. It is a systematic literature review to the literatures from many industry sectors that were collected and reviewed in detail. The result show that this concept is still being used by many organizations around the world and its successfully help the organization to improve their competitiveness, business growth and the sustainability as well as increase employee’s morale.
Validation of production system throughput potential and simulation experiment design
Authors: Standridge C. , Wynne M.
Published: February 2021

The throughput potential of a production system must be designed and validated before implementation.  Design includes creating product flow by setting the takt time consistent with meeting customer demand per time period and the average cycle time at each workstation being less than the takt time.  Creating product flow implies that the average waiting time preceding each workstation is no greater than the takt time.  Kingman’s equation for the average waiting time can be solved for the variation component given the utilization, and the cycle time.  The variation component consists of the variation in the demand and the variation in cycle time.  Given the variation in demand, the maximum allowable variation in cycle time to create flow can be determined.  Throughput potential validation is often performed using discrete event simulation modeling and experimentation.  If the variation in cycle time at every workstation is small enough to create flow, then a deterministic simulation experiment can be used.  An industrial example concerning a tier-1 automotive supplier with two possible production systems designs and various levels of variation in demand assumed is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of throughput validation using deterministic discrete event simulation modeling and experimentation.
Eu realizo mais atividades burocráticas: análise da Assistência Farmacêutica na Atenção Primária a Saúde
Authors: Bezerra Indara Cavalcante , da Silva Raimunda Magalhães , Gonçalves JonasLoiola , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa , Pinheiro Cleoneide Paulo Oliveira , Mendonça Francisco Antônio da Cruz
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Apreender a percepção dos farmacêuticos acerca da Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) com ênfase nas pesquisas e ações realizadas. Métodos: Realizaram-se entrevistas em profundidade com sete farmacêuticos pesquisadores, gerentes e profissionais vinculados à AF do município de Fortaleza, em 2015, utilizando-se processo avaliativo em perspectiva múltipla, plural e construtivista, com o propósito de utilizar os resultados das pesquisas para incorporá-las à práxis farmacêutica. Resultados: As práticas do farmacêutico na APS são pontuais e justificadas sob o ponto de vista da legislação que exige a presença do profissional para a dispensação de medicamentos de controle especial. Também, o modelo praticado no município de Fortaleza, pautado na terceirização do vínculo empregatício e da gestão da farmácia, tem provocado o isolamento da AF aos demais serviços e setores da APS, favorecendo a quebra da integralidade do cuidado e a perdas significativas na resolubilidade. Conclusão: O fluxo das pesquisas está interrompido, fragmentado, confuso e burocrático, o que sugere um melhor gerenciamento das pesquisas, propondo um fluxo efetivo e contínuo que tenha origem na real demanda da comunidade e cujos resultados sejam direcionados para a construção de novas estratégias que otimizem os recursos, as decisões e as práticas em saúde.
Contract Management Strategies and Project Performance at Kenya National Highways Authority
Authors: Nyakawa Kwamesa* Aggrey , Obara Magutu Peterson , Onserio Nyamwange Stephen , Nyaanga Ongeri Richard , Matwere Bosire Robert , Bitange Nyaoga, PhD. Richard
Published: February 2021

Construction contract management strategies are key in the achievement of a firms’ objectives. Construction projects are key in any economy due to their high contributions to the economy since they are key in facilitation of key activities. The study was on CMS and project performance of KENHA. The study objectives were to determine the extent of implementation of CMS in KENHA and to establish the effect of CMS on project performance in KENHA. The study adopted a descriptive statics. The study adopted use of strategic choice and agency theory. In the research methodology, the study adopted use descriptive statics. The target population consisted of 40 staff at KENHA. The study used primary data which was collected using questionnaires that were administered through drop and pick method. The supply chain managers, procurement managers or their equivalent were the respondents in KENHA. Data collected was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Findings were displayed by use of tables for easy understanding. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings from the study revealed that CMS had been implemented in KENHA to a large extent. The study findings revealed positive and significant relationship between CMS and project performance. The research also concludes that 83% of project performance is affected by implementation of CMS at KENHA. The study recommends that future studies be carried out on CMS on other firms other than KENHA. In addition, we need to have a holistic view of other firms other than KENHA alone. The major limitation of the study was that it was solely based on KENHA.
Assessing the Scope of U.S. Visa Restrictions on Chinese Students
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Zwetsloot Remco , Fedasiuk Ryan , Weinstein Emily
Published: February 2021

In May 2020, the White House announced it would deny visas to Chinese graduate students and researchers who are affiliated with organizations that implement or support China’s military-civil fusion strategy. The authors discuss several ways this policy might be implemented. Based on Chinese and U.S. policy documents and data sources, they estimate that between three and five thousand Chinese students might be prevented from entering U.S. graduate programs each year.
MANAJEMEN KELAS DALAM MENINGKATKAN BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Ninik Hidayati
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe class management planning, implementation of class management, supervision of class management and supporting factors and inhibiting factors in class management in improving elementary school student learning. This research method is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that classroom management planning was carried out by arranging facilities, teaching management and student management, class management was carried out by applying some class management principles and several approaches, supervision was carried out continuously, supporting factors and inhibiting factors in class management were physical, social environment emotional state and organization.
ILMU MUKHTALIF AL-HADIS
Authors: Nurul Hakim
Published: February 2021

Hadith is positioned as a source of Islamic law after the Qur'an. Therefore, every Muslim should understand the hadith well. However, attempts to understand hadith are very difficult. Moreover, hadith that are contradict with other hadith. To understand hadith which is considered contradict to other hadith, the scholars make a discipline called mukhtalif al-h}adi>s |. This science is understood as: 1) there is a contradiction that involves two hadiths that are equal (s}ah}i>h}) or with the Qur'an, mind, history, or science and science of knowledge, 2) outward contradiction, 3) the contradiction was solved by using a certain method. With regard to epistemology, there are two sources used in the science of mukhtalif al-h}adi>s |, asba>b al-wuru>d and ijtiha>di>. In addition, there are five methods of dispelling the contradiction of a hadith namely, al-jam' wa al-taufi>q, al-tarji>h}, na>sikh-mansu>kh, tawaqquf, and takwil. And in determining the truth of science, correspondence theory is used in hadiths that use asba>b al-wuru>d as the source and theory of coherence used in hadiths that make ijtiha>di> (science) as the source.
PERENCANAAN PARTISIPATORI DALAM MEMBUAT PROGRAM DAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Ninik Hidayati  , Akhmad Zaini
Published: February 2021

In the field of education, the planning process is one of the key factors in the effectiveness of the implementation of education activities to achieve the expected educational objectives for each level and type of education at the national, as well as local level. However, when viewed in reality everyday, elements of the process of education planning is still more used as a complement or elaboration of policy leaders, so often the goal set is not achieved optimally. One of the reasons is that educational planners still lack understanding of planning processes and mechanisms in a more comprehensive context. In addition, the position of the planning field is not a "key factor" of the existence of an educational institution, both at the macro and micro level, so that the contribution of education planning to the achievement of vision, mission, and educational goals has not been felt optimally.
المدخل البنائي في تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: Ana Achoita
Published: February 2021

Teaching materials are important element in learning besides one of learning source. This statement could be implemented when those materials prepared according to right procedures as well as their arrangement principles, namely: language, culture and education besides teaching methods. However, some teaching materials and exercises are not relevant to provided materials (curriculum) and not related to students lives. Therefore, the students are inactive towards delivered subjects. One of the approach used in foreign language teaching  is constructivism approach, which means a learning approach emphasizing students active roles in building knowledge and their involvement in teaching and learning.
ILMU RASM QURAN
Authors: Mira Shodiqoh
Published: February 2021

The science of rasm of the Al-Qur’an is the study of the writing of the mushaf of the Al-Qur’an which is carried out in a special way, both in the writing of the pronunciations and the forms of letters used. Writing of the Al-Qur’an during the time of the Prophet Muhammad. Performed by his friends both in writing and in order with the aim to unite the Muslims in one type of Manuscripts by uniforming the reading and unifying the orderly arrangement of the verses. Thus there is no difference in understanding between the Manuscripts with other Manuscripts.
PENERAPAN PROGRAM NGAQU (NGAJI ALQURAN) BAGI WARGA LAPAS KELAS II B TUBAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEACEFULNESS OF SOUL
Authors: M. Fauzi  , Jamal Ghofir
Published: February 2021

Peacefulness of soul atau ketenangan jiwa bagi warga lapas, khususnya lapas kelas II B Tuban sangatlah penting, karena keterbatasan ruang dan gerak akan sangat memungkinkan penghuninya untuk mengalami goncangan-goncangan psikologis/kejiwaan. Untuk mendapatkan ketenangan jiwa, perlu melakukan aktifitas yang dapat menenangkan jiwanya, dengan mendekatkan diri kepada Allah Swt, salah satunya dengan membaca AlQuran. Di dalam lapas kelas II B Tuban sudah di bentuk sebuah lembaga TPQ yang mana semua Pengajarnya merupakan warga lapas sendiri. Namun, Kenyataan di lapangan memperlihatkan bahwa para Pengajar yang keseluruhan berasal dari warga lapas, dalam mengajarkan Al-Quran belum mempunyai metode khusus untuk menunjang keberhasilan kegiatan mengaji Al-Quran. Padahal kegiatan mengaji Al-Quran ini sangat penting bagi warga lapas untuk menciptakan ketenangan jiwa, maka diperlukan hal-hal yang dapat menunjang tercapainya tujuan kegiatan ini.

Berangkat dari persoalan di atas, maka pendampingan program NGAQU (Ngaji Al-Quran) bagi para Pengajar TPQ di lapas kelas II B Tuban sangat relevan khususnya untuk Developing peacefulness of soul atau ketenangan jiwa bagi warga lapas kelas II B Tuban.
MENGEMBANGKAN INTELIGENSI DAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: M. Zaqin
Published: February 2021

There are two reasons why intellegence and creativity of pre school children need to be developed? First of all, it is related to the development and the growth of children. Secondly, it is related to the demand of society development. Learning has important role in developing intellegence and creativity of pre school children. Learning which is considered able to develop intellegence and creativity and to develop children’s right and left brain is the learning suitable to the principle of pre school children education. Centre is one of the ways to manage class whose teaching-learning  process  consists of related and integrated centres based on fully and appropriately need of children. Centre can be developed by institution in accordance with the competence of educators, staffs of education and the facilities. In general, there are at least four centres Pre school (PAUD) institutions  must develop. They are; Balok centre, role play (main peran) centre, natural things (bahan alam) centre and preparation centre.
Lithological variations and drainage evolution in a marginal region: A case study from Chandrapur block of the Pranhita-Godavari Basin, Central India.
Authors: Sharma Vijay , Verma Aditya Kumar
Published: February 2021

Field mapping and interpretation of sedimentary structures in Gojoli region of Chandrapur block along the eastern margin of the Pranhita-Godavari valley suggests westward flowing channels during the Neoproterozoic. Present channels in this part of Chandrapur block are south/ southeast flowing and possess clear imprints of the basin-margin faults and lineaments. Drainage parameters in its Neoproterozoic stratigraphic sequence suggest impervious substrates probably due to high degree of consolidation and filling of rock-fractures by hydrothermal solution activities. However, the same for the Gondwana’s friable sandstone (towards western region) and Archaean gneisses (in the eastern part) has been observed consistent probably due to its porous nature and development of thick weathering profile. The affiliation of drainage with tectonism is therefore, from Neoproterozoic to Cenozoic era within contrasting lithology, was out of synchronization intermittently.
Ozonolysis of fatty acid monolayers at the air–water interface: organic films may persist at the surface of atmospheric aerosols
Authors: Woden Benjamin , Skoda Maximilian W. A. , Milsom Adam , Gubb Curtis , Maestro Armando , Tellam James , Pfrang Christian
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Ozonolysis of fatty acid monolayers was studied to understand the
fate of organic-coated aerosols under realistic atmospheric conditions.
Specifically, we investigated the effects of temperature and salinity on the degradation of oleic acid at the air–water interface and the persistence of
the aged surfactant film at the surface. The presence of a residual film is
of atmospheric importance, as surface monolayers affect the physical
properties of the droplets and because of the role they play in cloud
formation. This occurs via several effects, most notably via surface tension
reduction. The interplay between atmospheric aerosol loading and the
formation, nature, and persistence of clouds is a key uncertainty in climate
modelling. Our data show that a residual surface film, which we suspect to be formed of
nonanoic acid and a mixture of azelaic and 9-oxononanoic acids, is retained
at the interface after ozonolysis at near-zero temperatures but not at room
temperature. Given the low-temperature conditions used here are
atmospherically realistic, the persistence of a product film must be
considered when assessing the impact of unsaturated fatty acid partitioned
to the air–water interface. The presence of stable (non-oxidisable)
reaction products also opens the possibility of build-up of inert monolayers
during the aerosol life cycle with potential implications for cloud
formation. Furthermore, we measured the kinetic behaviour of these films and
found that the reactions are not significantly affected by the shift to a
lower temperature with rate coefficients determined to be (2.2 ± 0.4) × 10−10 cm2 s−1 at 21 ± 1 ∘C and
(2.2 ± 0.2) × 10−10 cm2 s−1 at 2 ± 1 ∘C.
Estimating real driving emissions from multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements at the A60 motorway near Mainz, Germany
Authors: Lauster Bianca , Dörner Steffen , Beirle Steffen , Donner Sebastian , Gromov Sergey , Uhlmannsiek Katharina , Wagner Thomas
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In urban areas, road traffic is a dominant source of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2). Although the emissions from individual vehicles are regulated by the European emission standards, real driving emissions often exceed these limits. In this study, two multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments on opposite sides of the motorway were used to measure the NO2 absorption caused by road traffic at the A60 motorway close to Mainz, Germany. In combination with wind data, the total NOx emissions for the occurring traffic volume can be estimated. Hereto, the ozone-dependent photochemical equilibrium between NO and NO2 is considered. We show that for 10 May 2019 the measured emissions exceed the maximum expected emissions calculated from the European emission standards for standardised test cycles by a factor of 11±7.
One major advantage of the method used here is that MAX-DOAS measurements are very sensitive to the integrated NO2 concentration close to the surface. Thus, all emitted NO2 molecules are detected independently from their altitude, and therefore the whole emission plume originating from the nearby motorway is captured, which is a key advantage compared to other approaches such as in situ measurements.
Directionally dependent Lambertian-equivalent reﬂectivity (DLER)
of the Earth's surface measured by the GOME-2 satellite
instruments
Authors: Tilstra Lieuwe G. , Tuinder Olaf N. E. , Wang Ping , Stammes Piet
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In this paper we introduce the new concept of directionally dependent Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity (DLER) of the Earth's surface retrieved from satellite observations. This surface DLER describes Lambertian (isotropic) surface reflection which is extended with a dependence on the satellite viewing geometry. We apply this concept to data of the GOME-2 satellite instruments, to create a global database of the reflectivity of the Earth's surface, providing surface DLER for 26 wavelength bands between 328 and 772 nm as a function of the satellite viewing angle via a second-degree polynomial parameterisation. The resolution of the database grid is 0.25 by 0.25 degrees but the real, intrinsic spatial resolution varies over the grid from 1.0 by 1.0 degrees to 0.5 by 0.5 degrees down to 0.25 by 0.25 degrees by applying dynamic gridding techniques. The database is based on more than ten years (2007–2018) of GOME-2 data from the MetOp-A and MetOp-B satellites. The relation between surface DLER and surface BRDF is studied using radiative transfer simulations. For the shorter wavelengths (λ  500 nm). Based on this outcome, the GOME-2 surface DLER is compared with MODIS surface BRDF data from MODIS band 1 (centred around 645 nm), using both case studies and global comparisons. The conclusion of this validation is that the GOME-2 DLER compares well to MODIS BRDF, and that it does so much better than the non-directional LER database. The DLER approach for describing surface reflectivity is therefore an important improvement over the standard isotropic (non-directional) LER approaches used in the past. The GOME-2 surface DLER database can be used for the retrieval of atmospheric properties from GOME-2 and from previous satellite instruments like GOME and SCIAMACHY. It will also be used to support retrievals from the future Sentinel-5/UVNS satellite instrument.
Ion distribution functions in magnetotail reconnection: Global
hybrid-Vlasov simulation results
Authors: Runov Andrei , Grandin Maxime , Palmroth Minna , Battarbee Markus , Ganse Urs , Hietala Heli , Hoilijoki Sanni , Kilpua Emilia , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Toledo-Redondo Sergio , Turc Lucile , Turner Drew
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present results of noon–midnight meridional plane global hybrid-Vlasov simulations of the magnetotail ion dynamics under steady southward interplanetary magnetic field using the Vlasiator model. The simulation results show magnetotail reconnection and formation of earthward and tailward fast plasma outflows. The hybrid-Vlasov approach allows us to study ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs) that are self-consistently formed during the magnetotail evolution. We examine the VDFs collected by virtual detectors placed along the equatorial magnetotail within earthward and tailward outflows and around the quasi-steady X-line formed in the magnetotail at X ≈ −14 RE. This allows us to follow the evolution of VDFs during earthward and tailward motion of reconnected flux tubes as well as study signatures of unmagnetized ion motion in the weak magnetic field near the X-line. The VDFs indicate actions of Fermi-type and betatron acceleration mechanisms, ion acceleration by the reconnection electric field, and Speiser-type motion of ions near the X-line. The simulated VDFs are compared and show good agreement with VDFs observed in the magnetotail by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) and Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) spacecraft. We find that the VDFs become more gyrotropic but retain transverse anisotropy and counter-streaming ion beams when being convected earthward. The presented global hybrid-Vlasov simulation results are valuable for understanding physical processes of ion acceleration during magnetotail reconnection, interpretation of in-situ observations, and for future mission development by setting requirements on pitch-angle and energy resolution of upcoming instruments.
L-band vegetation optical depth as an indicator of plant water potential in a temperate deciduous forest stand
Authors: Holtzman Nataniel M. , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Kraatz Simon , Mavrovic Alex , Sonnentag Oliver , Pappas Christoforos , Cosh Michael H. , Langlois Alexandre , Lakhankar Tarendra , Tesser Derek , Steiner Nicholas , Colliander Andreas , Roy Alexandre , Konings Alexandra G.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Vegetation optical depth (VOD) retrieved from microwave radiometry correlates with the total amount of water in vegetation, based on theoretical and
empirical evidence. Because the total amount of water in vegetation varies with relative water content (as well as with biomass), this correlation
further suggests a possible relationship between VOD and plant water potential, a quantity that drives plant hydraulic behavior. Previous studies
have found evidence for that relationship on the scale of satellite pixels tens of kilometers across, but these comparisons suffer from significant
scaling error. Here we used small-scale remote sensing to test the link between remotely sensed VOD and plant water potential. We placed an L-band
radiometer on a tower above the canopy looking down at red oak forest stand during the 2019 growing season in central Massachusetts, United
States. We measured stem xylem and leaf water potentials of trees within the stand and retrieved VOD with a single-channel algorithm based on
continuous radiometer measurements and measured soil moisture. VOD exhibited a diurnal cycle similar to that of leaf and stem water potential, with
a peak at approximately 05:00 eastern daylight time (UTC−4). VOD was also positively correlated with both the measured dielectric constant and water potentials of stem xylem
over the growing season. The presence of moisture on the leaves did not affect the observed relationship between VOD and stem water potential. We
used our observed VOD–water-potential relationship to estimate stand-level values for a radiative transfer parameter and a plant hydraulic
parameter, which compared well with the published literature. Our findings support the use of VOD for plant hydraulic studies in temperate forests.
Mercury mobility, colloid formation and methylation in a polluted fluvisol as affected by manure application and flooding-draining cycle
Authors: Gfeller Lorenz , Weber Andrea , Worms Isabelle , Slaveykova Vera I. , Mestrot Adrien
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Floodplain soils polluted with high levels of mercury (Hg) are potential point sources to downstream eco-systems. Repeated flooding (e.g. redox cycling) and agricultural activities (e.g. organic matter addition) may influence the fate and speciation of Hg in these soil systems. The formation and aggregation of colloids and particles influences both Hg mobility and its bioavailability to methylmercury (MeHg) forming microbes. In this study, we conducted a microcosm flooding-draining experiment on Hg polluted floodplain soils originating from an agriculturally used area situated in the Rhone Valley (Valais, Switzerland). The experiment comprised two 14 days flooding periods separated by one 14 days draining period. The effect of freshly added natural organic matter on Hg dynamics was assessed by adding liquid cow manure (+MNR) to two control soils characterized by different Hg (47.3 ± 0.6 mg kg−1 or 2.38 ± 0.01 mg kg−1) and organic carbon (OC: 1.92 wt. % or 3.45 wt. %) contents. During the experiment, the release, colloid formation and methylation of Hg in the soil solution were monitored. Upon manure addition in the highly polluted soil (lowest OC), an accelerated release of Hg to the soil solution could be linked to a fast reductive dissolution of Mn oxides. The manure treatments showed a fast sequestration of Hg and a higher percentage of particulate (0.02–10 µm) bound Hg. As well, analyses of soil solutions by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (AF4–ICP–MS) revealed a proportional increase of colloidal DOM-Hg and inorganic colloidal Hg (+MNR: 70–100 %; control: 32–70 %) upon manure addition. Our experiment shows that net Hg methylation (MeHg/Hg) was highest after the first draining period and decreased again after the second flooding period. No significant effects on methylation upon manure addition was found. The results of this study suggest that manure addition may promote sequestration by Hg complexation on large organic matter components and the formation/aggregation of inorganic HgS(s) colloids in Hg polluted fluvisols with low levels of natural organic matter.
A Global Database of Marine Isotope Stage 5a and 5c Marine Terraces and Paleoshoreline Indicators
Authors: Thompson Schmitty B. , Creveling Jessica R.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In this review we compile and detail the elevation, indicative meaning, and chronology of Marine Isotope Stage 5a and 5c sea level indicators for 39 sites within three geographic regions: the Pacific coast of North America, the Atlantic coast of North America and the Caribbean, and the remaining globe. These relative sea level indicators, comprised of geomorphic indicators such as marine and coral reef terraces, eolianites, and sedimentary marine and terrestrial limiting facies, facilitate future investigation into Marine Isotope Stage 5a and 5c interstadial paleo-sea level reconstruction, glacial isostatic adjustment, and Quaternary tectonic deformation. The open access database, presented in the format of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database, can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4426206 (Thompson and Creveling, 2021).
Dynamics of hydrological and geomorphological processes in
evaporite karst at the eastern Dead Sea – a multidisciplinary study
Authors: Al-Halbouni Djamil , Watson Robert A. , Holohan Eoghan P. , Meyer Rena , Polom Ulrich , Dos Santos Fernando M. , Comas Xavier , Alrshdan Hussam , Krawczyk Charlotte M. , Dahm Torsten
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Karst groundwater systems are characterised by the presence of multiple porosity types. Of these, subsurface conduits that facilitate concentrated, heterogeneous flow are challenging to resolve geologically and geophysically. This is especially the case in evaporite karst systems, such as those present on the shores of the Dead Sea, where rapid geomorphological changes are linked to a fall in base level by over 35 m since 1967. Here we combine field observations, remote sensing analysis, and multiple geophysical surveying methods (shear wave reflection seismics, electrical resistivity tomography [ERT], self-potential [SP] and ground penetrating radar [GPR]) to investigate the nature of subsurface groundwater flow and its interaction with hypersaline Dead Sea water on the rapidly retreating eastern shoreline, near Ghor Al-Haditha in Jordan. Remote-sensing data highlight links between the evolution of surface stream channels fed by groundwater springs and the development of surface subsidence patterns over a 25-year period. ERT and SP data from the head of one groundwater-fed channel adjacent the former lakeshore show anomalies that point to concentrated, multidirectional water flow in conduits located in the shallow subsurface (
Normal contact stiffness model considering 3D surface topography and actual contact status
Authors: Zhu Linbo , Chen Jian , Zhang Zaoxiao , Hong Jun
Published: February 2021

Abstract. A normal contact stiffness model considering 3D topography and elastic–plastic contact of rough surfaces is presented in this paper. The asperities are generated from the measured surfaces using the watershed segmentation and a modified nine-point rectangle. The topography parameters, including the asperity locations, heights, and radii of the summit, are obtained. Asperity shoulder–shoulder contact is considered. The relationship of the contact parameters, such as the contact force, the deformation, and the mean separation of two surfaces, is modelled in the three different contact regimes, namely elastic, elastic–plastic and fully plastic. The asperity contact state is determined, and if the contact occurs, the stiffness of the single asperity pair is calculated and summed as the total normal stiffness of two contact surfaces. The developed model is validated using experimental tests conducted on two types of specimens and is compared with published theoretical models.