bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Clock Mechanism Influences Neurobiology and Adaptations to Heart Failure in Clock∆19/∆19 Mice With Implications for Circadian Medicine
Authors: Duong Austin T. H. , Reitz Cristine J. , Louth Emma L. , Creighton Samantha D. , Rasouli Mina , Zwaiman Ashley , Kroetsch Jeffrey T. , Bolz Steffen-Sebastian , Winters Boyer D. , Bailey Craig D. C. , Martino Tami A.
Published: March 2019

In this study we investigated the role of the circadian mechanism on cognition-relevant brain regions and neurobiological impairments associated with heart failure (HF), using murine models. We found that the circadian mechanism is an important regulator of healthy cognitive system neurobiology. Normal Clock∆19/∆19 mice had neurons with smaller apical dendrite trees in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and hippocampus, showed impaired visual-spatial memory, and exhibited lower cerebrovascular myogenic tone, versus wild types (WT). We then used the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation model to investigate adaptations in response to HF. Intriguingly, adaptations to neuron morphology, memory, and cerebrovascular tone occurred in differing magnitude and direction between Clock∆19/∆19 and WT mice, ultimately converging in HF. To investigate this dichotomous response, we performed microarrays and found genes crucial for growth and stress pathways that were altered in Clock∆19/∆19 mPFC and hippocampus. Thus these data demonstrate for the first time that (i) the circadian mechanism plays a role in neuron morphology and function; (ii) there are changes in neuron morphology and function in HF; (iii) CLOCK influences neurobiological gene adaptations to HF at a cellular level. These findings have clinical relevance as patients with HF often present with concurrent neurocognitive impairments. There is no cure for HF, and new understanding is needed to reduce morbidity and improve the quality of life for HF patients.
A fruit firmness QTL identified on linkage group 4 in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is associated with domesticated and bred germplasm
Authors: Cai Lichun , Quero-García José , Barreneche Teresa , Dirlewanger Elisabeth , Saski Christopher , Iezzoni Amy
Published: March 2019

Fruit firmness is an important market driven trait in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) where the desirable increase in fruit firmness is associated with landrace and bred cultivars. The aim of this work was to investigate the genetic basis of fruit firmness using plant materials that include wild cherry (syn. mazzard), landrace and bred sweet cherry germplasm. A major QTL for fruit firmness, named qP-FF4.1, that had not previously been reported, was identified in three sweet cherry populations. Thirteen haplotypes (alleles) associated with either soft or firm fruit were identified for qP-FF4.1 in the sweet cherry germplasm, and the “soft” alleles were dominant over the “firm” alleles. The finding that sweet cherry individuals that are homozygous for the “soft” alleles for qP-FF4.1 are exclusively mazzards and that the vast majority of the bred cultivars are homozygous for “firm” alleles suggests that this locus is a signature of selection. Candidate genes related to plant cell wall modification and various plant hormone signaling pathways were identified, with an expansin gene being the most promising candidate. These results advance our understanding of the genetic basis of fruit firmness and will help to enable the use of DNA informed breeding for this trait in sweet cherry breeding programs.
Different substrate specificities of the two ADPR binding sites in TRPM2 channels of Nematostella vectensis and the role of IDPR
Authors: Kühn Frank J. P. , Watt Joanna M. , Potter Barry V. L. , Lückhoff Andreas
Published: March 2019

NvTRPM2 (Nematostella vectensis Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2), the species variant of the human apoptosis-related cation channel hTRPM2, is gated by ADP-ribose (ADPR) independently of the C-terminal NUDT9H domain that mediates ADPR-directed gating in hTRPM2. The decisive binding site in NvTRPM2 is likely to be identical with the N-terminal ADPR binding pocket in zebra fish DrTRPM2. Our aim was a characterization of this binding site in NvTRPM2 with respect to its substrate specificity, in comparison to the classical ADPR interaction site within NUDT9H that is highly homologous in hTRPM2 and NvTRPM2, although only in NvTRPM2, catalytic (ADPRase) activity is conserved. With various ADPR analogues, key differences of the two sites were identified. Particularly, two reported antagonists on hTRPM2 were agonists on NvTRPM2. Moreover, IDP-ribose (IDPR) induced currents both in hTRPM2 and NvTRPM2 but not in NvTRPM2 mutants in which NUDT9H was absent. Thus, IDPR acts on NUDT9H rather than N-terminally, revealing a regulatory function of NUDT9H in NvTRPM2 opposed to that in hTRPM2. We propose that IDPR competitively inhibits the ADPRase function of NUDT9H and evokes ADPR accumulation. The findings provide important insights into the structure-function relationship of NvTRPM2 and will allow further characterization of the novel ADPR interaction site.
An aquaporin mediates cell shape change required for cellular immunity in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Ahmed Shabbir , Kim Yonggyun
Published: March 2019

Cellular immunity in insects is accompanied by change in hemocyte shape. This study hypothesizes that cytoskeletal rearrangement is accompanied by transmembrane water transport to change cell volume, thus changing cell shape. A water-transporting pore (=aquaporin:AQP) has been identified in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Its expression was detected in all developmental stages and tissues, although its transcription levels were different between biotic and abiotic conditions. Heterologous expression of Se-AQP in Sf9 cells showed that Se-AQP was localized on cell membrane. RNA interference (RNAi) using double-stranded RNA effectively suppressed its transcript levels. Under different ionic concentrations, hemocytes of RNAi-treated larvae did not change cell volume presumably due to malfunction in water transportation. Se-AQP might participate in glycerol transport because up-regulation of hemolymph glycerol titer after rapid cold-hardening was prevented by RNAi treatment against Se-AQP expression. The inhibitory effect of RNAi treatment on change of cell shape significantly impaired cellular immune responses such as phagocytosis and nodule formation upon bacterial challenge. RNAi treatment also significantly interfered with immature development of S. exigua. These results indicate that Se-AQP plays a crucial role in cell shape change that is required for cellular immunity and other physiological processes.
Construction and Analysis of Protein-Protein Interaction Network of Heroin Use Disorder
Authors: Chen Shaw-Ji , Liao Ding-Lieh , Chen Chia-Hsiang , Wang Tse-Yi , Chen Kuang-Chi
Published: March 2019

Heroin use disorder (HUD) is a complex disease resulting from interactions among genetic and other factors (e.g., environmental factors). The mechanism of HUD development remains unknown. Newly developed network medicine tools provide a platform for exploring complex diseases at the system level. This study proposes that protein–protein interactions (PPIs), particularly those among proteins encoded by casual or susceptibility genes, are extremely crucial for HUD development. The giant component of our constructed PPI network comprised 111 nodes with 553 edges, including 16 proteins with large degree (k) or high betweenness centrality (BC), which were further identified as the backbone of the network. JUN with the largest degree was suggested to be central to the PPI network associated with HUD. Moreover, PCK1 with the highest BC and MAPK14 with the secondary largest degree and 9thhighest BC might be involved in the development HUD and other substance diseases.
Cascade Rh(ii) and Yb(iii) catalyzed synthesis of substituted naphthofurans via transannulation of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles with β-naphthols
Authors: Kaladevi Selvam , Kamalraj Mani , Altia Minakshi , Rajasekar Shanmugam , Anbarasan Pazhamalai
Published: March 2019

Synthesis of substituted naphthofurans has been achieved via an efficient cascade Rh(ii)/Yb(iii) catalyzed transannulation of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles with β-naphthols.
Lone pair⋯π interaction versus σ-hole appearance in metal-bonded halogens
Authors: Khavasi Hamid Reza , Rahimi Narjes
Published: March 2019

Three complexes of N-(2,5-diluorophenyl)-2-pyrazine carboxamide and ZnX2 have been synthesized. The crystal structures reveal that in all three coordination compounds, metal-bound halides have interacted with π systems through a negative electrostatic region.
Hetero-association models of non-covalent molecular complexation
Authors: Buchelnikov Anatoly S. , Evstigneev Vladislav P. , Evstigneev Maxim P.
Published: March 2019

The present review discusses the current state-of-the-art in building models enabling the description of non-covalent equilibrium complexation of different types of molecules in solution, which results in the formation of supramolecular structures different in length and composition (hetero-association or supramolecular multicomponent co-polymerisation).
Synthesis, structure and palladium coordination of ambiphilic, pyridine- and phosphine-tethered N-boryl imine ligands
Authors: Lorenzini Fabio , Lagueux-Tremblay Pierre-Louis , Kayser Laure V. , Anderson Ethan , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: March 2019

New classes of ambiphilic ligands incorporating N-boryl imines can be generated in two steps from aldehydes, and their structure modulated by the ligand motif.
Fluorescent nanoparticles in the popular pizza: properties, biodistribution and cytotoxicity
Authors: Cong Shuang , Wang Nanying , Wang Keni , Wu Yanyang , Li Dongmei , Song Yukun , Prakash Sangeeta , Tan Mingqian
Published: March 2019

Fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) were discovered in popular pizza, and their properties, biodistribution and cytotoxicity were investigated.
One-pot selective conversion of C5-furan into 1,4-pentanediol over bulk Ni–Sn alloy catalysts in an ethanol/H2O solvent mixture
Authors: Rodiansono Rodiansono , Dewi Astuti Maria , Hara Takayoshi , Ichikuni Nobuyuki , Shimazu Shogo
Published: March 2019

The synergistic actions between an inexpensive bulk Ni–Sn(1.5) alloy, hydrogen gas, and an ethanol/H2O solvent mixture selectively assisted the one pot conversion of C5-furan compounds to 1,4-pentanediol with outstanding yields up to 92%.
Competition between Al3+ and Fe3+ binding to human transferrin and toxicological implications: structural investigations using ultra-high resolution ESI MS and CD spectroscopy
Authors: Ott Dorothee B , Hartwig Andrea , Stillman Martin J
Published: March 2019

Human serum transferrin (hTF) is an iron binding protein with the primary task of ensuring well-controlled transport of Fe3+-ions in the bloodstream. Furthermore, hTF has been identified as a key component in the trafficking of Al3+-ions from the serum to cells. It is clear that binding alone does not guarantee cellular uptake via the transferrin receptor, since this is determined by the structural properties of the metal–protein complex. The conformation of the metallated hTF is critically important for delivery of Fe3+ or any other metal into the cell. The combination of ultra-high resolution ESI mass spectrometry and CD spectroscopy together provide accurate species distribution of the Fe3+ during stepwise addition to apo-hTF and an indirect indication of the tertiary structure of the metallated protein. These two methods together are extremely fine probes of structural changes as a function of precise metal binding status at micromolar concentrations. Simulation of the precise domain distribution could be determined during the stepwise metallation from 0 to 2 Fe3+ added. Analysis of the ESI-MS data for the stepwise metallation of apo-hTF and Al1 or 2-hTF with Fe3+ was carried out and used to simulate the experimental speciation based on the reported KF values. There are six main conclusions: (1) Fe3+ binds predominantly, initially to the C-lobe. (2) The CD spectral properties indicate that the C-lobe metallation dominates the structural properties of both binding sites; N-lobe metallation modifies the C-lobe structure. (3) Fe3+ metallation of the mixed Al1–2-hTF results in the dominant form of Fe1Al1-hTF. (4) The first Fe3+ bound to Al1-hTF binds predominantly in the C-lobe domain. (5) The CD spectral properties when Fe3+ binds to Al1–2-hTF indicates that Al–N-lobe occupation mirrors the structural effects of N-lobe occupation by Fe3+. (6) With respect to how Al3+ might enter the cell, the formation of a hybrid form Al1Fe1-hTF might enable the Al3+ to enter the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis due to the binding of Fe3+ in the C-lobe of the protein which is primarily responsible for the structure of the metal–protein complex.
Combining mussel and seaweed hydrogel-inspired strategies to design novel ion-imprinted sorbents for ultra-efficient lead removal from water
Authors: Shen Wei , Jiang Xiao , An Qing-Da , Xiao Zuo-Yi , Zhai Shang-Ru , Cui Li
Published: March 2019

Lead(ii) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and is a serious threat to the environment and human health.
Poly(arylene ether)s with aromatic azo-coupled cobalt phthalocyanines in the side chain: synthesis, characterization and nonlinear optical and optical limiting properties
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Gai Saisai , Wang Zhonghui , Wang Shuang , Sui An , Song Xi-Ming
Published: March 2019

A novel poly(arylene ether) with azo-coupled cobalt phthalocyanine in the side chain was prepared by 1,2-benzodinitrile, anhydrous cobaltous chloride and a novel azobenzene-containing poly(aryl ether).
Identification and characterization of a T-2 toxin-producingFusarium poaestrain and the anti-tumor effect of the T-2 toxin on human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721
Authors: Zhu Wenhe , Liu Lei , Dong Yuan , Meng Guixian , Tang Lu , Li Yan , Cai Jianhui , Wang Huiyan
Published: March 2019

T-2 toxin produced byFusarium poaestrain can induces apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells.
Yellow fluorescent graphene quantum dots as a phosphor for white tunable light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yin Luqiao , Zhou Jipeng , Li Weitao , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Liang
Published: March 2019

Tunable color temperature of graphene quantum dot-based white lighting emitting diodes had been achieved adjusting the thickness and concentration of color convert matrix.
Hierarchically structured composites and porous materials from soft templates: fabrication and applications
Authors: Thompson Benjamin R. , Horozov Tommy S. , Stoyanov Simeon. D. , Paunov Vesselin N.
Published: March 2019

Recent progress in fabrication of hierarchically porous and structured composites is reviewed with applications in catalysis, energy storage, usage and conversion, removal of pollutions, sensors, biomaterials, smart soaps, and structuring of consumer products.
Effects of LiBOB on salt solubility and BiF3 electrode electrochemical properties in fluoride shuttle batteries
Authors: Celik Kucuk Asuman , Minato Taketoshi , Yamanaka Toshiro , Abe Takeshi
Published: March 2019

Using lithium bis(oxalato)borate for a fluoride shuttle battery in organic solvents allowed a successful fluoride shuttle-based redox reaction.
Enhanced mobility in PbS quantum dot films via PbSe quantum dot mixing for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Hu Long , Huang Shujuan , Patterson Robert , Halpert Jonathan E.
Published: March 2019

PbSe quantum dots are mixed into PbS quantum dots to form mixed quantum dots for enhancing device performance in optoelectronic applications due to improved charge mobility in solid films.
An electrochemical immunosensor for prostate specific antigen using nitrogen-doped graphene as a sensing platform
Authors: Meng Wenwen , Zhang Wenjuan , Zhang JunJun , Chen Xi , Zhang Yuzhong
Published: March 2019

In this study, a sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for prostate specific antigen (PSA) detection is described using nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as a sensing interface.
A chemopalette strategy for white light by modulating monomeric and excimeric phosphorescence of a simple Cu(i) cyclic trinuclear unit
Authors: Yang Hu , Zheng Ji , Peng Su-Kao , Zhu Xiao-Wei , Wan Meng-Yan , Lu Weigang , Li Dan
Published: March 2019

Cu3(4-chloropyrazolate)3 is presented herein to exhibit unprecedented room-temperature white phosphorescence by modulating monomeric blue and excimeric yellow phosphorescence.
The diiodomethyl-sulfonyl moiety: an unexplored halogen bond-donor motif
Authors: Dichiarante Valentina , Kaiho Tatsuo , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Pilati Tullio , Resnati Giuseppe , Terraneo Giancarlo , Ursini Maurizio
Published: March 2019

The α-iodosulfone moiety acts as a new and effective halogen bond donor system in the solid state and in solution.
A perylene-based membrane intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolyte with efficient photodynamic antimicrobial activity
Authors: Niu Niu , Zhou Huipeng , Liu Ning , Jiang Hong , Hu Zhenzhen , Yu Cong
Published: March 2019

A perylene probePC4acts as a membrane intercalating antimicrobial agent and a fluorescent microbial cell death marker.
Fast magnesiation kinetics in α-Ag2S nanostructures enabled by an in situ generated silver matrix
Authors: Chen Zhuang , Zhang Zhonghua , Du Aobing , Zhang Yuduo , Men Mingyang , Li Guicun , Cui Guanglei
Published: March 2019

A novel conversion type cathode of α-Ag2S as a robust cathode for rechargeable Mg batteries with excellent performances.
Photocontrolled morphological conversion and chiral transfer of a snowflake-like supramolecular assembly based on azobenzene-bridged bis(dibenzo-24-crown-8) and a cholesterol derivative
Authors: Wang Hui-Juan , Zhang Heng-Yi , Wu Huang , Dai Xian-Yin , Li Pei-Yu , Liu Yu
Published: March 2019

A snowflake-like supramolecular clockwise-helical assembly was fabricated via the host–guest interaction, while a snowflake-like supramolecular non-helical assembly can be obtained upon UV-irradiation.
Understanding PIM-1 kinase inhibitor interactions with free energy simulation
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Sun Zhaoxi
Published: March 2019

The proviral integration site of the Moloney leukemia virus (PIM) family includes three homologous members.
Energy- and conformer-dependent excited-state relaxation of an E/Z photoswitchable thienyl-ethene
Authors: Young Jamie D. , Honick Chana R. , Zhou Jiawang , Pitts Cody R. , Ghorbani Fereshte , Peters Garvin M. , Lectka Thomas , Tovar John D. , Bragg Arthur E.
Published: March 2019

Ultrafast spectroscopy reveals how conformers and complex photophysical relaxation cascades determine the cis-to-trans photoswitching efficiency of bis(bithienyl)-dicyanoethene (4TCE).
Heterogeneity of polyoxometalates by confining within ordered mesopores: toward efficient oxidation of benzene to phenol
Authors: Leng Yan , Jiang Yuchen , Peng Honggeng , Zhang Zihao , Liu Miaomiao , Jie Kecheng , Zhang Pengfei , Dai Sheng
Published: March 2019

Polyoxometalates@ordered mesoporous polymers have been prepared by a mechanochemical coordination assembly with tannin as the renewable precursor.
The molecular and electronic structure of an unusual cobalt NNO pincer ligand complex
Authors: Rajpurohit Jitendrasingh , Shanmugam Maheswaran
Published: March 2019

An NNO pincer ligand is reduced by three electrons which are stabilized by the mixed-valent cobalt ions, which is extremely rare and structurally characterized with unusual binding mode of pyridine, for the first time. The accurate electronic structure of the complex was determined by various analytical techniques such as XPS, SQUID, EPR etc.
[9]aneN3-based fluorescent receptors for metal ion sensing, featuring urea and amide functional groups
Authors: Garau Alessandra , Bencini Andrea , Blake Alexander J. , Caltagirone Claudia , Conti Luca , Isaia Francesco , Lippolis Vito , Montis Riccardo , Mariani Palma , Scorciapino Mariano Andrea
Published: March 2019

The sensing and recognition properties of three new [9]aneN3-based chemosensors have been studied both in solution and in the solid state.
Observation of a red Ce3+ center in SrLu2O4:Ce3+ phosphor and its potential application in temperature sensing
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Hao Zhendong , Zhang Liangliang , Pan Guo-Hui , Wu Huajun , Wu Hao , Luo Yongshi , Liu Xingyuan , Zhang Hong , Zhang Jiahua
Published: March 2019

In Ce3+ activated SrLn2O4 type phosphors (Ln = Y, Lu, Sc, etc.) only one Ce3+ center was previously reported to show a blue emission band.
A ‘catch-and-release’ receptor for the cholera toxin
Authors: Mahon Clare S. , Wildsmith Gemma C. , Haksar Diksha , de Poel Eyleen , Beekman Jeffrey M. , Pieters Roland J. , Webb Michael E. , Turnbull W. Bruce
Published: March 2019

Thermoresponsive receptors for the recognition unit of the cholera toxin (CTB) can recognise the protein with nanomolar affinity. An increase in temperature can drastically reduce their avidity, enabling on-demand release of CTB.
Allyl methyl trisulfide protected against acetaminophen (paracetamol)-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing CYP2E1 and activating Nrf2 in mouse liver
Authors: Zhao Hui-Juan , Li Ming-Jun , Zhang Meng-Ping , Wei Meng-Ke , Shen Li-Ping , Jiang Min , Zeng Tao
Published: March 2019

In order to investigate the protective effects of allyl methyl trisulfide (AMTS) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, 75 KM mice were randomized into 5 groups, i.e. a control group, an APAP group, and three AMTS/APAP groups.
Peiminine inhibits the IL-1β induced inflammatory response in mouse articular chondrocytes and ameliorates murine osteoarthritis
Authors: Luo Zucheng , Zheng Binbin , Jiang Bingjie , Xue Xinghe , Xue Enxing , Zhou Yulong
Published: March 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common arthrosis characterized by degeneration and inflammation of articular cartilage.
The calcium-dependent lipopeptide antibiotics: structure, mechanism, & medicinal chemistry
Authors: Wood Thomas M. , Martin Nathaniel I.
Published: March 2019

To push back the growing tide of antibacterial resistance the discovery and development of new antibiotics is a must.
Precisely tailored shell thickness and Ln3+content to produce multicolor emission from Nd3+-sensitized Gd3+-based core/shell/shell UCNPs through bi-directional energy transfer
Authors: Serge Correales York E. , Hazra Chanchal , Ullah Sajjad , Lima Laís R. , Ribeiro Sidney J. L.
Published: March 2019

Precise tailoring of the shell thickness and Ln3+content produced multicolour emissions from core/shell/shell UCNPsviaa bi-directional energy transfer mechanism.
Design and synthesis of a DNA intercalative half-sandwich organoruthenium(ii)–chromone complex: cytotoxicity evaluation and topoisomerase Iα inhibition assay
Authors: Yousuf Imtiyaz , Arjmand Farukh , Tabassum Sartaj , Ahmad Musheer
Published: March 2019

A half-sandwich organoruthenium(ii)–chromone complex acts as a potential topoisomerase I inhibitor.
Strong optical limiting properties of Ormosil gel glasses doped with silver nano-particles
Authors: Sun Xingming , Hu Xiujie , Sun Jibin , Xie Zheng , Zhou Shuyun
Published: March 2019

Ag NP Ormosil gel glasses show good optical limiting performance with nonlinear optical response in the visible and NIR region.
Strategies to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2: 3D nanostructuring and heterostructuring with graphitic carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Lee Kisung , Yoon Hyewon , Ahn Changui , Park Junyong , Jeon Seokwoo
Published: March 2019

Recent progress on structural design of TiO2 photocatalyst based on monolithic nanostructuring and heterostructuring with graphitic carbon nanomaterials.
Total synthesis of spiromastilactone A
Authors: Chaumont-Olive Pauline , Maddaluno Jacques , Harrison-Marchand Anne
Published: March 2019

Spiromastilactone A is synthesized for the first time in 44% overall yield in eight synthetic steps, among which six are quantitative, and the 89 : 11 enantiomeric ratio (78% ee value) is in favour of the right enantiomer (R configuration).
Xylopins A–F, six rare guaiane dimers with three different connecting modes from Xylopia vielana
Authors: Xie Yang-Guo , Yan Rong , Zhong Xianglong , Piao Huang , Muhammad Ishaq , Ke Xisong , Yan Shikai , Guo Yuanqiang , Jin Hui-Zi , Zhang Wei-Dong
Published: March 2019

Six rare guaiane-type sesquiterpene dimers xylopins A–F, having three different connecting modes through two direct C–C bonds, were isolated from the roots of Xylopia vielana.
Photoactivated cell-killing involving a low molecular weight, donor–acceptor diphenylacetylene
Authors: Chisholm David R. , Lamb Rebecca , Pallett Tommy , Affleck Valerie , Holden Claire , Marrison Joanne , O'Toole Peter , Ashton Peter D. , Newling Katherine , Steffen Andreas , Nelson Amanda K. , Mahler Christoph , Valentine Roy , Blacker Thomas S. , Bain Angus J. , Girkin John , Marder Todd B. , Whiting Andrew , Ambler Carrie A.
Published: March 2019

Drug-like, donor–acceptor diphenylacetylenes cause efficient cell death upon photoactivation and hence have potential phototherapeutic applications.
Selective cleavage of lignin and lignin model compounds without external hydrogen, catalyzed by heterogeneous nickel catalysts
Authors: Jiang Liang , Guo Haiwei , Li Changzhi , Zhou Peng , Zhang Zehui
Published: March 2019

This work reports an economical and environmentally friendly, external hydrogen-free method for the selective cleavage of lignin and lignin model compounds into value-added chemicals.
DHQ-graphene: a novel two-dimensional defective graphene for corrosion-resistant coating
Authors: Wang Xiao , Chen Li , Yuan Zhentao , Rong Ju , Feng Jing , Muzammil Iqbal , Yu Xiaohua , Zhang Yannan , Zhan Zhaolin
Published: March 2019

This work provides a novel strategy for constructing a corrosion-resistant material by designing a 2D structure based on high-order carbon rings.
Electrical field facilitates selective transport of CO2 through a laminated MoS2 supported ionic liquid membrane
Authors: Ying Wen , Hou Quangang , Chen Danke , Guo Yi , Li Zhuoyi , Zhang Jun , Yan Youguo , Peng Xinsheng
Published: March 2019

An electric field drastically improves the permeance and selectivity of CO2 over H2, CH2, N2 through a MoS2 supported ionic liquid membrane (MoS2-SILM).
In situ growth of vertically aligned FeCoOOH-nanosheets/nanoflowers on Fe, N co-doped 3D-porous carbon as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable zinc–O2 batteries
Authors: Ibraheem Shumaila , Chen Siguo , Li Jia , Wang Qingmei , Wei Zidong
Published: March 2019

A strategy for in situ vertical growth of FeCoOOH nanosheets/nanoflowers on Fe, N co-doped three-dimensional porous carbon is presented.
Boosting photoluminescence quantum yields of triarylboron/phenoxazine hybrids via incorporation of cyano groups and their applications as TADF emitters for high-performance solution-processed OLEDs
Authors: Liu Yuan , Huang Hong , Zhou Tao , Wu Kailong , Zhu Minrong , Yu Jie , Xie Guohua , Yang Chuluo
Published: March 2019

Cyano groups were introduced into the triarylboron/phenoxazine hybrids, resulting in a remarkable improvement in the photoluminescence quantum yields.
Modifying the organic/metal interfaceviasolvent vapor annealing to enhance the performance of blue OLEDs
Authors: Cun Yangke , Song Chen , Zheng Hua , Wang Juanhong , Mai Chaohuang , Liu Yu , Li Jiali , Yu Danmu , Wang Jian , Ying Lei , Peng Junbiao , Cao Yong
Published: March 2019

Modifying the organic/metal interface has become an efficient way to improve the performance of organic electronic devices.
Correction: Synthesis and optical properties of redox-active triphenylamine-based derivatives with methoxy protecting groups
Authors: Wu Jung-Tsu , Lin Hsiang-Ting , Liou Guey-Sheng
Published: March 2019

Correction for ‘Synthesis and optical properties of redox-active triphenylamine-based derivatives with methoxy protecting groups’ by Jung-Tsu Wu et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2018, 6, 13345–13351.
List decoding with statistical check for semi‐random block‐oriented convolutional code
Authors: Lin Wenchao , Wei Baodian , Ma Xiao
Published: March 2019

In this Letter, a list decoding algorithm is proposed for the semi‐random block‐oriented convolutional code (SRBO‐CC). To decode each sub‐frame, a list of candidates are serially computed until finding a qualified one or achieving maximum list, where the correctness of the decoding candidate is checked by a statistical threshold. Simulation results show that SRBO‐CC with list decoding is competitive with polar codes and that the performance‐complexity tradeoffs can be achieved by adjusting the statistical threshold.
The strong gravitational lens finding challenge
Authors: Metcalf R. B. , Meneghetti M. , Avestruz C. , Bellagamba F. , Bom C. R. , Bertin E. , Cabanac R. , Courbin F. , Davies A. , Decencière E. , Flamary R. , Gavazzi R. , Geiger M. , Hartley P. , Huertas-Company M. , Jackson N. , Jacobs C. , Jullo E. , Kneib J.-P. , Koopmans L. V. E. , Lanusse F. , Li C.-L. , Ma Q. , Makler M. , Li N. , Lightman M. , Petrillo C. E. , Serjeant S. , Schäfer C. , Sonnenfeld A. , Tagore A. , Tortora C. , Tuccillo D. , Valentín M. B. , Velasco-Forero S. , Verdoes Kleijn G. A. , Vernardos G.
Published: March 2019

Large-scale imaging surveys will increase the number of galaxy-scale strong lensing candidates by maybe three orders of magnitudes beyond the number known today. Finding these rare objects will require picking them out of at least tens of millions of images, and deriving scientific results from them will require quantifying the efficiency and bias of any search method. To achieve these objectives automated methods must be developed. Because gravitational lenses are rare objects, reducing false positives will be particularly important. We present a description and results of an open gravitational lens finding challenge. Participants were asked to classify 100 000 candidate objects as to whether they were gravitational lenses or not with the goal of developing better automated methods for finding lenses in large data sets. A variety of methods were used including visual inspection, arc and ring finders, support vector machines (SVM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN). We find that many of the methods will be easily fast enough to analyse the anticipated data flow. In test data, several methods are able to identify upwards of half the lenses after applying some thresholds on the lens characteristics such as lensed image brightness, size or contrast with the lens galaxy without making a single false-positive identification. This is significantly better than direct inspection by humans was able to do. Having multi-band, ground based data is found to be better for this purpose than single-band space based data with lower noise and higher resolution, suggesting that multi-colour data is crucial. Multi-band space based data will be superior to ground based data. The most difficult challenge for a lens finder is differentiating between rare, irregular and ring-like face-on galaxies and true gravitational lenses. The degree to which the efficiency and biases of lens finders can be quantified largely depends on the realism of the simulated data on which the finders are trained.
Growth after the streaming instability
Authors: Liu Beibei , Ormel Chris W. , Johansen Anders
Published: March 2019

Context. Streaming instability is a key mechanism in planet formation, clustering pebbles into planetesimals with the help of self-gravity. It is triggered at a particular disk location where the local volume density of solids exceeds that of the gas. After their formation, planetesimals can grow into protoplanets by feeding from other planetesimals in the birth ring as well as by accreting inwardly drifting pebbles from the outer disk.

Aims. We aim to investigate the growth of planetesimals into protoplanets at a single location through streaming instability. For a solar-mass star, we test the conditions under which super-Earths are able to form within the lifetime of the gaseous disk.

Methods. We modified the Mercury N-body code to trace the growth and dynamical evolution of a swarm of planetesimals at a distance of 2.7 AU from the star. The code simulates gravitational interactions and collisions among planetesimals, gas drag, type I torque, and pebble accretion. Three distributions of planetesimal sizes were investigated: (i) a mono-dispersed population of 400 km radius planetesimals, (ii) a poly-dispersed population of planetesimals from 200 km up to 1000 km, (iii) a bimodal distribution with a single runaway body and a swarm of smaller, 100 km size planetesimals.

Results. The mono-dispersed population of 400 km size planetesimals cannot form protoplanets of a mass greater than that of the Earth. Their eccentricities and inclinations are quickly excited, which suppresses both planetesimal accretion and pebble accretion. Planets can form from the poly-dispersed and bimodal distributions. In these circumstances, it is the two-component nature that damps the random velocity of the large embryo through the dynamical friction of small planetesimals, allowing the embryo to accrete pebbles efficiently when it approaches 10−2 M⊕. Accounting for migration, close-in super-Earth planets form. Super-Earth planets are likely to form when the pebble mass flux is higher, the disk turbulence is lower, or the Stokes number of the pebbles is higher.

Conclusions. For the single site planetesimal formation scenario, a two-component mass distribution with a large embryo and small planetesimals promotes planet growth, first by planetesimal accretion and then by pebble accretion of the most massive protoplanet. Planetesimal formation at single locations such as ice lines naturally leads to super-Earth planets by the combined mechanisms of planetesimal accretion and pebble accretion.
Thermal stability of magnetohydrodynamic modes in homogeneous plasmas
Authors: Claes N. , Keppens R.
Published: March 2019

Context. Thermal instabilities give rise to condensations in the solar corona, and are the most probable scenario for coronal rain and prominence formation. We revisit the original theoretical treatment done by Field (1965, ApJ, 142, 531) in a homogeneous plasma with heat-loss effects and combine this with state-of-the-art numerical simulations to verify growth-rate predictions and address the long-term non-linear regime. We especially investigate interaction between multiple magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave modes and how they in turn trigger thermal mode development.

Aims. We assess how well the numerical MHD simulations retrieve the analytically predicted growth rates. We complete the original theory with quantifications of the eigenfunctions, calculated to consistently excite each wave mode. Thermal growth rates are fitted also in the non-linear regime of multiple wave–wave interaction setups, at the onset of thermal instability formation.

Methods. We performed 2D numerical MHD simulations, including an additional (radiative) heat-loss term and a constant heating term to the energy equation. We mainly focus on the thermal (i.e. entropy) and slow MHD wave modes and use the wave amplitude as a function of time to make a comparison to predicted growth rates.

Results. It is shown that the numerical MHD simulations retrieve analytically predicted growth rates for all modes, of thermal and slow or fast MHD type. In typical coronal conditions, the latter are damped due to radiative losses, but their interaction can cause slowly changing equilibrium conditions which ultimately trigger thermal mode development. Even in these non-linear wave-wave interaction setups, the growth rate of the thermal instability agrees with the exponential profile predicted by linear theory. The non-linear evolutions show systematic field-guided motions of condensations with fairly complex morphologies, resulting from thermal modes excited through damped slow MHD waves. These results are of direct interest to the study of solar coronal rain and prominence fine structure. Our wave–wave interaction setups are relevant for coronal loop sections which are known to host slow wave modes, and hence provide a new route to explain the sudden onset of coronal condensation.
Surface evolution of the Anhur region on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from high-resolution OSIRIS images
Authors: Fornasier S. , Feller C. , Hasselmann P. H. , Barucci M. A. , Sunshine J. , Vincent J.-B. , Shi X. , Sierks H. , Naletto G. , Lamy P. L. , Rodrigo R. , Koschny D. , Davidsson B. , Bertaux J.-L. , Bertini I. , Bodewits D. , Cremonese G. , Da Deppo V. , Debei S. , De Cecco M. , Deller J. , Ferrari S. , Fulle M. , Gutierrez P. J. , Güttler C. , Ip W.-H. , Jorda L. , Keller H. U. , Lara M. L. , Lazzarin M. , Lopez Moreno J. J. , Lucchetti A. , Marzari F. , Mottola S. , Pajola M. , Toth I. , Tubiana C.
Published: March 2019

Context. The southern hemisphere of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) became observable by the Rosetta mission in March 2015, a few months before cometary southern vernal equinox. The Anhur region in the southern part of the comet’s larger lobe was found to be highly eroded, enriched in volatiles, and highly active.

Aims. We analyze high-resolution images of the Anhur region pre- and post-perihelion acquired by the OSIRIS imaging system on board the Rosetta mission. The Narrow Angle Camera is particularly useful for studying the evolution in Anhur in terms of morphological changes and color variations.

Methods. Radiance factor images processed by the OSIRIS pipeline were coregistered, reprojected onto the 3D shape model of the comet, and corrected for the illumination conditions.

Results. We find a number of morphological changes in the Anhur region that are related to formation of new scarps; removal of dust coatings; localized resurfacing in some areas, including boulders displacements; and vanishing structures, which implies localized mass loss that we estimate to be higher than 50 million kg. The strongest changes took place in and nearby the Anhur canyon-like structure, where significant dust cover was removed, an entire structure vanished, and many boulders were rearranged. All such changes are potentially associated with one of the most intense outbursts registered by Rosetta during its observations, which occurred one day before perihelion passage. Moreover, in the niche at the foot of a new observed scarp, we also see evidence of water ice exposure that persisted for at least six months. The abundance of water ice, evaluated from a linear mixing model, is relatively high (>20%). Our results confirm that the Anhur region is volatile-rich and probably is the area on 67P with the most pristine exposures near perihelion.
The fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey:ugriimaging and nine-band optical-IR photometry over 1000 square degrees
Authors: Kuijken K. , Heymans C. , Dvornik A. , Hildebrandt H. , de Jong J. T. A. , Wright A. H. , Erben T. , Bilicki M. , Giblin B. , Shan H.-Y. , Getman F. , Grado A. , Hoekstra H. , Miller L. , Napolitano N. , Paolilo M. , Radovich M. , Schneider P. , Sutherland W. , Tewes M. , Tortora C. , Valentijn E. A. , Verdoes Kleijn G. A.
Published: March 2019

Context. The Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) is an ongoing optical wide-field imaging survey with the OmegaCAM camera at the VLT Survey Telescope, specifically designed for measuring weak gravitational lensing by galaxies and large-scale structure. When completed it will consist of 1350 square degrees imaged in four filters (ugri).

Aims. Here we present the fourth public data release which more than doubles the area of sky covered by data release 3. We also include aperture-matchedZYJHKsphotometry from our partner VIKING survey on the VISTA telescope in the photometry catalogue. We illustrate the data quality and describe the catalogue content.

Methods. Two dedicated pipelines are used for the production of the optical data. TheASTRO-WISE information system is used for the production of co-added images in the four survey bands, while a separate reduction of ther-band images using theTHELIpipeline is used to provide a source catalogue suitable for the core weak lensing science case. All data have been re-reduced for this data release using the latest versions of the pipelines. The VIKING photometry is obtained as forced photometry on theTHELIsources, using a re-reduction of the VIKING data that starts from the VISTA pawprints. Modifications to the pipelines with respect to earlier releases are described in detail. The photometry is calibrated to theGaiaDR2Gband using stellar locus regression.

Results. In this data release a total of 1006 square-degree survey tiles with stackedugriimages are made available, accompanied by weight maps, masks, and single-band source lists. We also provide a multi-band catalogue based onr-band detections, including homogenized photometry and photometric redshifts, for the whole dataset. Mean limiting magnitudes (5σin a 2″ aperture) and the tile-to-tile rms scatter are 24.23 ± 0.12, 25.12 ± 0.14, 25.02 ± 0.13, 23.68 ± 0.27 inugri, respectively, and the meanr-band seeing is 0.​​″70.
Experimente mit Tierblutübertragung und die erste Mensch-zu-Mensch-Bluttransfusion durch James Blundell, den „Vater der Transfusionsmedizin“
Authors: Offner Robert
Published: March 2019

In der Antike und in der frühen Neuzeit war der Aderlass als Allzweckheilmethode im Sinne der vorherrschenden humoralen Pathologie sehr verbreitet, das Gegenteil, die Bluttransfusion, jedoch nicht. Im Juni 1667 führten Jean-Baptiste Denis und der Chirurg Paul Emmerez in Paris die erste Transfusion von Lammblut in einen Menschen durch. Ein paar Wochen später realisierten die Physiologen Edmund King und Richard Lower auch eine erfolgreiche Bluttransfusion von Tier zu Mensch, aber nach 1668 verlor dieser riskante Eingriff für fast 150 Jahre an Bedeutung. Erst Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts begannen Chirurgen und Ärzte, Tierversuche mit Bluttransfusionen zu wiederholen. Im frühen 19. Jahrhundert bemühte sich der britische Geburtshelfer und Physiologe Dr. James Blundell (1790 – 1877), lebensbedrohliche Blutverluste durch Transfusion menschlichen Blutes zu behandeln. Nach zahlreichen Tierversuchen führte er 1818 die erste menschliche Bluttransfusion bei einem Patienten mit Magenkrebs durch. Die Wirkung hielt jedoch nur wenige Stunden an. Blundell unternahm 1825 die erste erfolgreiche Transfusion menschlichen Blutes, um eine postpartale Blutung zu behandeln. Er benutzte den Ehemann der Patientin als Blutspender und entnahm 4 Unzen Blut aus dessen Arm, um dieses seiner bewusstlosen Frau zu transfundieren. Hierbei verwendete er das selbst entwickelte Transfusionsgerät namens Gravitator. Blundell veröffentlichte 1828 in „The Lancet“ diese erfolgreiche erste Menschenbluttransfusion der Moderne. Bereits 1828 verwirklichten der deutsche Geburtshelfer Dr. Georg A. E. Klett und sein Assistent, der Chirurg Ernst W. Schrägele, in Heilbronn die erste menschliche Bluttransfusion im deutschsprachigen Raum bei einer 41-jährigen Frau, die nach der Geburt viel Blut verloren hatte. Auch diese Behandlung wurde von Erfolg gekrönt. Klett und Schrägele haben darüber im „Medicinischen Correspondenz-Blatt des Württembergischen Ärztlichen Vereins“ berichtet. Es ist somit nicht überraschend, dass gerade Geburtshelfer an der Wiege der modernen Transfusion standen.
Kindergesundheit – welche Rolle spielt die Ernährung aus medizinischer Sicht?
Authors: Riedl Matthias
Published: March 2019

Jedes 6. Kind in Deutschland ist übergewichtig und jedes 20. adipös. Im Fokus der Vorbeugung und Behandlung kindlichen Übergewichts und seiner Folgeerkrankungen stehen die Eltern. Neben diversen sozioökonomischen Faktoren des familiären Umfelds ist das Gewicht der Eltern der wichtigste Prädiktor für kindliches Übergewicht: Nicht nur dass diese Eltern ihr eigenes Übergewicht häufig nicht als Problem erkennen, sondern auch nicht das ihrer Kinder. Zusammen mit den frühkindlichen Ernährungsprägungen nach dem Mere-Exposure-Effekt, nach dem das zur Lieblingsspeise wird, was angeboten wurde, zementieren solche Familien krankmachende Ernährungsweisen mit bis zum dreifachen des empfohlenen Zuckerkonsums. Diese Kinder werden anfälliger für Herzkreislauferkrankungen, Diabetes, psychische Störungen und Krebs. Jedes zweite adipöse Kind leidet schon am metabolischen Syndrom. Kindliches Übergewicht sollte daher so früh wie möglich erkannt und im familiären Setting therapiert werden. Bewährt hat sich in der Ernährungstherapie die Anwendung des 20:80 Prinzips im Ernährungscoaching mit der Optimierung möglichst nur weniger, aber dafür relevanter Ernährungsfehler. Als Grundlage sollte das Konstrukt der artgerechten Ernährung dienen: Sie ist vegetarisch basiert, proteinoptimiert und fettliberalisiert. Sie kann ernährungstherapeutische Prinzipien wie die antientzündliche Therapie inkludieren.
Clinical Relevance of Seizure in Pediatric Patients with Isolated Acute Subdural Hematoma without Parenchymal Brain Injury
Authors: Won Sae-Yeon , Dubinski Daniel , Behmanesh Bedjan , Strzelczyk Adam , Seifert Volker , Konczalla Juergen , Freiman Thomas M.
Published: March 2019

Purpose Isolated acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) in pediatric patients is rare, but it has a major impact on outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine incidence, seizure risk factors, and the outcome of pediatric patients with aSDH.

Methods Within a 10-year period (2007–2016), 10 children with aSDH were identified. Baseline characteristics and these parameters were analyzed: pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (pGCS) score at admission and 24 hours after the operation, hematoma volume/side, and midline shift. Functional outcome was assessed at 3-month follow-up using the King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury score.

Results Three subgroups were identified depending on age and etiology: birth-associated, nontraumatic, and traumatic aSDH. The overall incidence of seizures was 60%, and an even higher rate (75%) was observed in children < 1 month of age. Of those patients, two (67%) developed late seizures. Significant predictors for seizures were low pGCS score at admission (p = 0.03) and 24 hours after surgery (p = 0.03) as well as increased midline shift (p = 0.02). Patients with seizures tended to have an unfavorable outcome.

Conclusion Pediatric patients with aSDH are at high risk for seizures, particularly if the pGCS score is low at admission/24 hours after the operation and midline shows a shift. Determining seizure-prone pediatric patients may facilitate early antiepileptic treatment and promote better clinical outcomes.