bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Dexamethasone on immune dysregulation mediated through Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in mice challenged with type 1 diabetes and allergic asthma
Authors: Ravikumar N  , Kavitha CH N
Published: October 2019

Dysregulated equilibrium between T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) immune responses has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and asthma. Conflicting evidence exist explaining the association between T1D and asthma and is still a point of debate. In the present study, our objective was to investigate the influence of associated T1Dco morbid condition on the induction of experimental asthma in mice and also to evaluate the efficacy of Dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.ly) in these mice. Type 1 diabetes was induced by a single intravenous injection of alloxan (80 mg/kg) in Balb/c mice. Following diabetes induction, mice were sensitized with an intraperitoneal injection of 50 µg ovalbumin (Ova) emulsified in 2.5 mg aluminum hydroxide on days 3 and 8. From day 13 to day 15, animals were challenged intranasally with 100 µg Ova in 25 µl of sterile saline. Dexamethasone treatment was initiated on sensitization day and continued once in 2 days thereafter until day 15. Control animals received only saline without Ova. On day 16, mice were subjected to nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR) immediately after the Ova challenge. Bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood, and lungs were collected 1h post completion of NHR for further analysis. Alloxan diabetic mice showed significantly lower levels of eosinophils in BALF and blood with the corresponding decrease in inflammatory cells around airways in hematoxylin & eosin-stained lung sections, but with no change in NHR than in non-diabetics after Ova sensitization and challenge. Dexamethasone treatment showed a significant reduction of airway inflammation and related Th2 immune responses, with a lesser magnitude of efficacy in diabetic asthma mice than in non-diabetic asthma mice. The presence of T1D featured a unique, yet the intermediary stage of asthma induction and also presented an altered magnitude of Dexamethasone efficacy compared to the absence of T1D in the murine model of Ova induced asthma.
Assess the attitude and perception regarding mental illness among the care givers of mentally ill patients
Authors: Angelin Lavanya  , Vishnu Priya
Published: October 2019

Mental health is defined as a state of well being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stress of the life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution towards his or her own community. Mental illness refers to a condition of emotional and mental impairment that disturbs a person’s thinking, mood and ability that relate to others and daily functioning. The aim of the study was to assess the attitude and perception regarding mental illness among the care givers at saveetha medical college and hospital. A quantitative research approach was adopted with convenient sampling technique to select 100 care givers of mentally ill patients at saveetha medical college and hospital. Data was collected by using self - structured questionnaire technique. The data was organized and analyzed in term of descriptive statistics. Association between the level of attitude and the selected demographic variables were analyzed in which there is a significant association between the demographic variables such as education, residence and the type of care givers regarding mental illness. In related to on assessing the association between the level of perception and the selected demographic variables were analyzed in which there is a significant association between the gender, education, occupation, type of family and the type of care givers. This study has demonstrated that the care givers has a decreased level of attitude in relation to education, residence, type of care givers and decreased level of perception in related to gender, occupation, education, type of family and the type of care givers. The study concluded that the care givers have a low level of attitude and perception in related to mental illness.
Research on the Way to Realize Humanistic Care in College Students’ Ideological and Political Education
Authors: Wang Li
Published: October 2019

The report of the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward the connotative development of higher education. For ideological and political education, it is to realize the humanistic care of Ideological and political education. Humanistic care, as a unique “general education” in Chinese universities, is the basis for improving the effectiveness of Ideological and political education. It is an important standard for the connotative development of higher education to construct a path to realize the humanistic care of Ideological and political education from the three elements of educators, educatees and educational environment.
An Assessment of the Roles and Challenges of Civil Society Organizations on the Process of Democratic Consolidation of Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
Authors: Umar Musa Kabir
Published: October 2019

organizations (CSOs) in the democratic consolidation of Nigeria. As the third sector, civil Society is known to be at the forefront in the democratization process for quite a long period of time, but their contributions are continuously being relegated especially by the state who viewed them with negative lenses particularly when they are opposed to their conducts. The paper had therefore tried to examine three civil society organizations namely Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD), Alliances for Credible Elections (ACE) and Stakeholder Democracy Network (SDN). Methodology: It achieved this objective by using a qualitative semi-structured face to face interviews supported with secondary sources of data. Nvivo 12 software was used in coding, categorization and general management of data. Results: The study revealed that CSOs in Nigeria have promoted the reliability of election by observing every phase of the country’s electoral process. Indeed, the CSOs have promoted democratic principles of civic participation, political engagement and tolerance among some political parties thereby advancing democratic consolidation in the polity. They have also stimulated policy changes in some crucial socio-economic policies. Again, the study revealed that CSOs faced economic problems which seriously distresses their operations and sustainability especially inability to extend into rural areas. It has also shown donor organization influence on the organizations which encroach their ideological base. Implications: The paper concluded by suggesting that the civil society must devise a means of economic survival as well as further strengthen their capacity through training and retraining to fully understand how governments operate for effective and concrete criticisms that would enhance democratic productivity to the people. Civil society should be allowed to freely ventilate democratically without threats from the state since it inspires governments to be more accountable, transparent, honest and responsive to the public needs, which will make it further win the support of the public hence reinforce its legitimacy.
Credit and banking Component of the Market Economy Phenomenon: Methdological Approach Transformation to the Development of Digitalization and Capital Fictivization
Authors: Yadgarov Y. S. , Sidorov V. A. , Sobolev E. V.
Published: October 2019

The article is based on the results of the 7th International Scientific and Practical Conference on Economics “The Market Economy Phenomenon: From the Origins into Our Days” held from March 27 to March 31, 2019 in the cities of Sochi and Sukhumi. The theoretical approaches of domestic and foreign researchers to understanding the market economy phenomenon, the specifics of its financial and credit sphere functioning in the context of the digital economy were generalized. The problems of the monetary economy in terms of the sanction confrontation were outlined. The authors analyzed and evaluated the processes and the phenomena observed in the post-Soviet economic space related to the transplantation of market economy mechanisms into the system of social reproductive relations, including its financial component based on their digitalization. The dialectic approach, system analysis, methods of economic and statistical and interdisciplinary analytical tools were used. The article revealed the key components of the market economy phenomenon appearing in the post-Soviet economic space and having a direct impact on the social reproduction results. The relationship was shown between the transformation of the evolutionary and methodological content of the money economy, its institutional and behavioral paradigm, the digitalization of the financial segment of the economic space with the scale of innovation, the penetration of cognitive psychology and neurophysiology into financial and credit relations, and their technological re-equipment. The results of the influence of instability factors on the budget and monetary sphere were presented. The authors described complex interdependencies of the processes and phenomena within the framework of the market economy phenomenon appearing in the post-Soviet economic space. The triune structure of the modern market doctrine was disclosed including psychological and behavioral, institutional and functional and reproduction and product aspects. The authors showed the transformational dynamics of the financial and credit sphere of modern society. Its specific features are: the increasingly important role of innovation, outsourcing, revising pricing methods, digitalization of business processes, penetration into managing neuromarketing technologies, and virtualization of the financial sector of the economy.
Effect of Growth Opportunity, Corporate Tax, and Profitability toward Value of Firm through Capital Structure (listed Manufacturing Companies of Indonesia)
Authors: Amarudin . , Adam M. , Hamdan U. , Hanafi A.
Published: October 2019

The study aims to determine the Effect of growth opportunity, corporate tax, and profitability on the value of firm through the capital structure as an intervening variable at manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample consists of 32 manufacturing sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange within 2013–2017. The study results show that growth opportunity and corporate tax have a positive effect on the structure of capital, in contrast to profitability, which affects negatively. Meanwhile, capital structure and profitability have a positive Effect on firm value. On the other hand, growth opportunity and corporate tax have no bearing on company value. Yet, capital structure does not mediate between growth opportunity and corporate tax to the value of firm. Nevertheless capital structure mediates the Effect of profitability on the value of firm.
Biggest Public Oil Companies: Impact of External and Internal Factors on Capitalization
Authors: Nureev R. M. , Busygin E. G.
Published: October 2019

Estimate and search for factors that influence the capitalization of public oil companies are of great interest to researchers. The impact of various external and internal factors on the value of oil companies’ stocks was considered. This includes changes in oil prices, stock market index movements, inflation fluctuations, financial and production indicators. The study includes building models with calculated standard errors by the Driscoll-Kraay method based on quarterly data for the eight biggest public oil companies operating in the upstream and downstream segments, from the first quarter of 2006 to the third quarter of 2017. Such indicators as total oil production by OPEC countries, greenhouse gas emissions by companies, and the sum of shareholder’s funds owned by large institutional investors were used for the first time when building the model to identify factors affecting the market capitalization of oil companies. One of the key results is the conclusion that quarterly production volumes turned out to be the most significant factor having a positive impact on the cost of oil firms. That is, investors are laying the idea of compensating for losses from lowering the cost of oil by increasing its production and selling a larger volume in the value of shares in companies. At the same time, such indicators of production efficiency as profitability in the upstream and downstream segments lose their significance depending on the period under consideration.
Кристаллическая структура трех ионных соединений левофлоксацина
Authors: Васильев А.Д. , Головнёв Н.Н.
Published: October 2019

Определена структура трех ионных соединений левофлоксацина (LevoH, C18H20FN3O4), LevoH3[CoCl4]⋅H2O (I), LevoH3[ZnBr4]⋅H2O (II), LevoH3[CuBr4]⋅H2O (III). Кристаллы I—III моноклинные, упаковка частиц в соединении III такова, что направление винтовой оси не совпадает с наибольшим параметром ячейки. В независимой части ячейки содержатся: в I — два иона LevoH32+ и CoCl42–, а также две молекулы кристаллизационной воды; в II и III — два иона LevoH32+ и MBr42– (M = Cu, Zn), а также две молекулы кристаллизационной воды. Установлена абсолютная структура кристаллов, конфигурация хирального центра катиона левофлоксациниума S. Структуры стабилизированы многочисленными водородными связями, X—Y⋯π- и π—π-взаимодействиями.
DFT investigation of a charge-transfer complex formation between p-phenylenediamine and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid
Authors: Athmani A.S. , Madi F. , Laafifi I. , Cheriet M. , Issaoui N. , Nouar L. , Merdes R.
Published: October 2019

This study presents a computational investigation of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) interaction with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) within a PPD/DNS charge-transfer (CT) complex. All calculations are performed at M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory in vacuum, water, and methanol. The EDA analysis is used to control the complexation process and it suggests that electrostatic and dispersion energies contribute greatly to the stabilization of the PPD/DNS CT complex. The results of the energy optimization show that the PPD/DNS CT complex is stable with a negative complexation energy. The obtained geometries reveal that the PPD ammonium group is close to the DNS carboxylate one, enabling the establishment of a large number of interactions. Additionally, different analyses are performed on the obtained optimized structures: TD-DFT, NBO, QTAIM, and NCI. Consequently, NBO, QTAIM and NCI analyses give that the PPD/DNS CT complex is stabilized by the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals inter­actions.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and DFT study of a new compound 6-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(p-tolyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide
Authors: Qin Y.M. , Long D. , Zhu X. , Zhou Z.-X. , Chai H.-F. , Zhao C.-S.
Published: October 2019

6-(2-Fluorophenyl)-N-(p-tolyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxamide is an organic interme­diate having both functions of azabicyclo and amide groups. In this paper, the title compound is obtained by the ring closure reaction, the Suzuki reaction, the hydrolysis and amidation reactions. The structure of the compound is confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectro­scopy, and MS. At the same time, a single crystal of the title compound is measured by X-ray diffraction and subjected to crystallographic and conformational analyses. The molecular structure is further calculated using density functional theory (DFT) and compared with the X-ray diffraction value. The results of the conformation analysis indicate that the molecular structure optimized by DFT is consistent with the crystal structure determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, the molecular electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals of the title compound are further investigated using DFT, revealing some physicochemical properties of the compound.
Maternal Impressions of the New 2019 Canadian Food Guide
Authors: Patel Palak , Mannion Cynthia
Published: October 2019

Background: Canada’s new food guide was released on January 2019 followingits predecessor Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide released in 2007. Major changes in the new food guide included a partitioned plate of realfoods, messages around healthy eating being more than the foods you eat, and no feature of the milk and alternatives group. There were also no recommended servings for age groups or developmental stages including pregnant women.

Objective: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of pregnant Canadian women toward the new Canada food guide.Methods: Eight pregnant women over the age of eighteen were recruited from facilities that offered prenatal fitness. Interviews included documenting impressions of the Canada food guide, dietary choices during pregnancy and planned dietary changes. The interviews were digitally recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Braun and Clarke thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: All the participants were familiar with Canada food guides and all but three were aware of the newest version. Participants commented that the new food guide was appealing and healthy. Most participants had already madechanges to their daily diet that coincidentally corresponded to the new food guide. Many also followed the messages in the new food guide but reported that pregnancy was the main influence for food changes. Participants included more fruits and vegetables, and less meat than when they were not pregnant.The internet, family, physicians and previous knowledge were also used to inform food choices. Much of this information was however reported as too little and contradictory. Participants wanted information more specific to pregnant women which was not included in the new food guide.Conclusions: Canada’s new food guide reinforced actions that women were already taking to improve their diet during pregnancy. The new food guide offers broad recommendations for Canadians to follow but pregnant women prefer a guide that is specific with clear recommendations for pregnant women.
Describing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to improve recognition
Authors: Picard Christopher Thomas , Yun Zhou , Douma Matthew J
Published: October 2019

Introductions
 
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OOHCA) often go untreated by lay-rescuers. One barrier to response is poor recognition. This study’s purpose is to describe OOHCA using publicly available videos.
 
Materials and Methods
 
26 of the internet’s most popular video-hosting and social media platforms were consecutively searched in English and Chinese August 3rd to January 20th, 2018 until each site returned 100 consecutive unrelated videos.
 
Video inclusion required: i) medium to high definition video quality (>360p and >10 frames per second), ii) that cardiac arrest be confirmed from two sources (i.e. news, social media, etc.), iii) 100% reviewer agreement on pre-arrest and post-arrest signs, and iv) arrest have non-traumatic etiology.
 
Results
 
821 videos were identified; 165 videos met inclusion criteria and underwent content analysis. 68, victims (41%) exhibited pre-arrest signs: 34 (21%) had unsteady gait; 42 (26%) touched their head or neck; and 33 (20%) hip-flexed or squatted prior to collapse. After collapse, 97 (59%) exhibited signs of life such as agonal breathing (71, 43%) or posturing/convulsions (39, 24%).
 
Most common lay-responses were: 38 (28%) victims were shaken, 28 (17%) received chest compression(s), 18 (11%) had their head held, 17 (10%) were unsuccessfully lifted to a standing position, 9 (5%) had their legs raised, and 5 (3%) had an AED applied.
 
Discussion
 
Analysis suggests three times as many victims of cardiac arrest show some signs of life compared to no signs of life, and that bystander response is poor. Publicly available videos offer rich examples of what OOCHA collapse and resuscitation look like and could inform training.
Matemática divertida e curiosa: jogos online na formação do pedagogo
Authors: Oliveira Carloney Alves de
Published: October 2019

Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência sobre a utilização de jogos online nas aulas da disciplina Saberes e Metodologias do Ensino de Matemática 1, no Curso de Pedagogia, da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), do Centro de Educação (CEDU), como prática educativa na formação do pedagogo, a partir de jogos disponíveis na internet. Baseado nos estudos de Lara (2003), Souza (2004), Rosa Neto (1998), Alves (2006), Fiorentini e Lorenzato (2006), Brasil (2006), Nóvoa (1992), Nacarato e Paiva (2006) e Jarandilha e Splendore (2005) sobre o lúdico no ensino de Matemática e jogos online buscou-se a fundamentação téorica. Foi constatado que os jogos online matemáticos são pouco utilizados pelos alunos nas aulas do Curso de Pedagogia e quando bem utilizados as aulas se tornam mais prazerosas e investigativas. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Matemática. Jogos Online. Formação do pedagogo.  ABSTRACT This article presents a report of an experiment on the use of Online Games in classes of the discipline ‘Knowledge and Teaching Methods of Mathematics 1’, in Pedagogy Course from Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Education Center (CEDU), as an educational practice of the teacher training, from games available on the internet. Based on studies of Lara (2003), Souza (2004), Rosa Neto (1998), Alves (2006), Fiorentini and Lorenzato (2006), Brazil (2006), Nóvoa (1992), Nacarato and Paiva (2006) and Jarandilha and Splendore (2005) on the playful teaching of Mathematics and  online games it was based Theoretical Recital. It was found that Math online games are little used by students in the classes of Pedagogy Courses and when they are well used, classes become more pleasurable and investigative. Keywords: Mathematics Teaching. Online Games. Pedagogue Training.
Escola como agente catalisador do saber cColetivo
Authors: Oliveira Hebert Gomes , Silva José Gomes da
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo está diretamente relacionado ao trabalho de pesquisa desenvolvido na Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), como trabalho de conclusão do curso de Pedagogia. A investigação tem como objetivo apresentar resultados parciais que tratam de alguns sentidos sobre a inclusão sociodigital na era do conhecimento e a sua relação nos espaços escolares. Esses resultados foram coletados durante ação que objetivava formar professores sobre a utilização pedagógica das tecnologias digitais, realizada em uma unidade de inclusão digital vinculada ao programa Telecentros BR. Nesse sentido, esta investigação busca possíveis respostas que podem ajudar-nos na compreensão dos fatores que dificultam o trabalho de inclusão digital no ambiente escolar, tais como concepção dos professores sobre o uso pedagógico de tecnologias digitais e questões relacionadas a manutenção das ferramentas tecnológicas da escola Palavras-chave: Inclusão Sociodigital. Educação e TIC. Formação de Professores.   ABSTRACT This article is directly related to the research developed at the University of Bahia (UNEB), as work conclusion of the pedagogy course. The investigation aims to present partial results that address some forms of sociodigital inclusion in the knowledge era and their relationship in school spaces. These results were obtained during a training that aimed to train teachers about the pedagogical use of digital technologies, held in a unit of digital inclusion conected with the Telecentros BR program. Thus, this research seeks possible answers that can help us to understand the factors that hinder the work of digital inclusion in the school environment, such as the understanding of teachers on the pedagogical use of digital technologies and issues related to the maintenance of technological tools school. Keywords: Inclusion sociodigital. Education and ICT. Teacher Training.
Mídias digitais como estratégia de mediação no processo de aprendizagem da disciplina de Cálculo I no curso de bacharelado em Sistema de Informação - IFES
Authors: Carneiro Sebastião Alves
Published: October 2019

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho tem como finalidade descrever uma experiência sobre a utilização das mídias digitais como estratégia de mediação no processo de aprendizagem da disciplina de cálculo na turma de 2012-2, no curso Bacharelado em Sistema de Informação do Campus Serra do Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo - IFES. A pesquisa baseia-se no apoio ao processo ensino aprendizagem da disciplina através do uso das mídias do ensino a distância como: material didático específico, atividades, fóruns, chats, atividades avaliativas, tutor à distância e multimídias. Além de observar a interação dos alunos com as tecnologias atuais do ensino a distância no aprendizado dos conceitos fundamentais do Cálculo, tais como: limite, derivada e integral. Foi disponibilizado para os alunos uma metodologia alternativa ou complementar de aprendizagem aos conteúdos de difícil assimilação em aulas presenciais. Palavras-chave: Metodologia Escolar. Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem. Ensino a Distância ABSTRACT This paper aims to describe an experience on the use of digital media as a mediation strategy in the learning process of Calculus I, on the classroom of 2012-2, on the course of Bachelor of Information Systems at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Serra Campus. The research is based on support to the learning-teaching process of the discipline through the use of digital distance medias as: specific teaching material, activities, forums, chats, evaluation activities, distance tutor and multimedia. Besides to note the interaction of students with current technologies of distance education in the learning of fundamental concepts of calculus, such as: Limit, derived and integral. It was made available to students an alternative or complementary methodology of the learning of hard assimilate contents in regular classes. Keywords: Scholar Methodology. Virtual Learning Environment. Distance Learning
Atribuições e desafios do coordenador de curso de graduação EAD: caminhos possíveis a uma gestão democrática no ensino superior
Authors: Kroetz Ayres Castro Aline Tamires , Krüger Leonardo Germano
Published: October 2019

Considerando as exigências do atual cenário de mudanças no Ensino Superior à gestão universitária, investigaram-se quais são para os Coordenadores de Curso EAD de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, suas atribuições e seus desafios no desempenho desta função, na busca de uma gestão democrática no Ensino Superior. Por meio de um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, os dados foram produzidos por meio de questionários e análise documental, tratados com base na análise de conteúdo a partir das categorias: funções políticas, gerenciais, acadêmicas e institucionais. Identificaram-se funções com destaque nas quatro dimensões, sendo que estas estão diretamente relacionadas com a rotina e a dinâmica dos cursos e da Instituição, apontando possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de uma gestão democrática neste nível de ensino.   Palavras-chave: Gestão Democrática. Ensino Superior. Coordenador de Curso à Distância.
Bibliografia Comentada em Educação a Distância e Práticas Educativas Comunicacionais e Interculturais
Authors: Mercado Luís Paulo Leopoldo
Published: October 2019

Bibliografia Comentada em Educação a Distância e Práticas Educativas Comunicacionais e Interculturaisclique em PDF para visualizar o documento completo.
Penyuluhan Penanganan Penyakit Scabies di Yayasan Pondok Pesantren Ma. Ishlahil Athfal Rumak Lombok Barat
Authors: Kurniawan Edy , Aini Aini , Rahmawati Sri
Published: October 2019

pengetahuan kepada seluruh siswa tentang penyakit kulit skabies meliputi pengertian, gejala, tanda, cara penularan, dan pengobatan serta pencegahannya. Manfaat diselenggarakannya kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa/masyarakat pesantren tentang penyakit scabies dan mampu menerapkan pola hidup sehat serta lingkungan bersih dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini merupakan suatu upaya untuk menangani permasalahan penyakit kulit yang sering terjadi di lingkungan pondok pesantren MA. Ishlahil Athfal dengan target sasaran adalah guru dan siswa. Langkah-langkah pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah melakukan pertemuan dengan kepala sekolah dan perwakilan guru Pondok Pesantren Ma. Ishlahil Atfhfal Rumak Lombok Barat guna meminta izin melakukan kegiatan penyuluhan dan membicarakan masalah teknis pelaksanaan. Dari hasil diskusi didapatkan kesepakatan kegiatan penyuluhan dilaksanakan pada hari sabtu, 23 maret 2019 pukul 09.00 s/d selesai dengan target siswa kelas XII sebanyak 31 orang dengan tema Penyuluhan penanganan penyakit kulit (skabies). Kegiatan penyuluhan berjalan dengan lancar dimana para siswa sangat antusias dalam memperhatikan materi yang disampaikan, ada beberapa pertanyaan yang ternyata juga diajukan oleh para siswa karena rasa keingintauannya. Para siswa cukup terkejut dan takut saat melihat beberapa contoh penyakit kulit skabies yang ada dalam presentasi kami. Oleh karena itu penyuluhan tentang penyakit kulit skabies ini mampu memberikan tambahan pengetahuan bagi para siswa sehingga mereka dapat mencegah terinfeksi dan penularan penyakit skabies tersebut. Keywords: Penyakit Scabies; Penyuluhan; Penanganan
Vector Mosquito Surveillance Using Centers For Disease Control and Prevention Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps In San Antonio, Texas
Authors: Obregón Joel A. , Ximenez Michelle A. , Villalobos Estefany E. , de Valdez Megan R. Wise
Published: October 2019

Mosquito surveillance in large urban areas of the southern USA that border Mexico has become increasingly important due to recent transmission of Zika virus and chikungunya virus in the Americas as well as the continued threat of dengue and West Nile viruses. The vectors of these viruses, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, co-occur in residential areas, requiring vector control entities to deploy several different trap types, often expensive and labor-intensive, to surveil these ecologically different species. We evaluated the use of a single trap type, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGOs), to monitor all 3 vector species across residential neighborhoods in San Antonio, TX, over 12 wk (epiweeks 24–35). Mosquito abundance was highest early in our surveillance period (epiweek 25) and was driven largely by Cx. quinquefasciatus. The AGOs collected significantly more Cx. quinquefasciatus than both Aedes species, with more Ae. aegypti collected than Ae. albopictus. The average number of Ae. aegypti captured per trap was consistent across most neighborhoods except for 2 areas where one had significantly the highest and the other with the lowest mosquitoes collected per trap. The average number of Ae. albopictus captured per trap varied with no clear pattern, and Cx. quinquefasciatus were trapped most often near forested hill country neighborhoods. These results indicate that AGOs are appropriate for detecting and tracking the relative abundance of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus across a large and diverse urban landscape over time and therefore may be an inexpensive and streamlined option for vector surveillance programs in large cities.
Discovery of Cocirculating Ross River Virus and Barmah Forest Virus At Wide Bay Military Training Area, Northeastern Australia
Authors: Kizu Jo , Neuman Christina , Le Grand Luke , Liu Wenjun
Published: October 2019

An arbovirus surveillance military exercise was conducted to assess the risk of Ross River virus (RRV) and Barmah Forest virus (BFV) in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) Wide Bay training area (WBTA), northeastern Australia, in April 2018. Of the 5,540 female mosquitoes collected, 3,702 were screened for RRV and BFV by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in a field laboratory. One pool of Verrallina funerea was positive for RRV and 8 pools (7 pools of Aedes vigilax and 1 pool of Culex annulirostris) were positive for BFV. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of the E2 protein subgrouped both RRV and BFV with viruses previously isolated from human infections, indicating the potential risk of RRV and BFV infection to ADF personnel while training in WBTA. This is the 1st time that both RRV and BFV have been detected in a military training area.
A Milestone In Botanical Mosquito Repellents: Novel PMD-Based Formulation Protects More Than Twice As Long As High-Concentration Deet and Other Leading Products
Authors: Carroll Scott P. , Venturino Jeffrey , Davies John H.
Published: October 2019

The use of skin-applied repellents is the primary method recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for personal protection against biting mosquitoes. Historically, the majority of long-efficacy mosquito repellents have been N,N diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet)–based. Recently, a variety of new botanical formulations have been marketed, but their protection times generally continue to fall well short of high-concentration deet products. We present a laboratory arm-in-cage study of a Neo-Innova® repellent that has a prolonged action “NEO-PART®” (Prolonged Action Release Technology) formulation with 40% Citriodiol®. This formulation provides the botanical molecule para-menthane 3,8-diol (PMD) at 25% w/v of the total formulation. Against Aedes aegypti, Neo-Innova's mean complete protection time (CPT; 14.2 h) was approximately 2 to 3 times longer than that of 5 leading high-performance repellents marketed in the USA, including 25% deet and a 20% PMD ethanolic formulation. When testing Neo-Innova, 5 of the 6 subjects had no landings after 15 h. The 6th had single landings at 10 and 11 h (individual CPT of 10 h), but received no additional landings in further exposures made at 13 and 15 h. Neo-Innova repellency against Culex quinquefasciatus was similarly prolonged. The tremendous increment in repellency duration observed for the Neo-Innova product, when compared with both current standard and botanical repellent options, represents a milestone in repellent development and supports “once-a-day” applications as a practical strategy for personal protection against mosquitoes.
Host Associations Of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae: Culicoides) Near Sentinel Chicken Surveillance Locations In Florida, USA
Authors: Sloyer Kristin E. , Acevedo Carolina , Runkel Alfred E. , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D.
Published: October 2019

Quantifying host use is important for understanding transmission of vector-borne pathogens. Despite the importance of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in pathogen transmission, the vector–host relationships of most Culicoides species are poorly documented, even in locations where active arbovirus surveillance is conducted. Polymerase chain reaction–based blood-meal analysis was performed on 663 blood-engorged Culicoides females collected by 7 Florida mosquito control districts at 24 sentinel chicken arbovirus surveillance sites in 2017. A total of 638 blood meals were successfully analyzed to determine host species source, representing 11 Culicoides species. The most commonly bitten host was domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) (presumably sentinel chickens), constituting 565 of 638 (88.6%) the total blood meals. Other common hosts included humans (5.8%), white-tailed deer (Odoocoileus virginianus) (2.5%), and brown basilisk (Basiliscus vittatus) (1.6%). Significant differences in distribution of mammal and avian blood meals were found for a number of Culicoides species, and these patterns did not vary across locations. These results indicate that sentinel chickens are exposed to bites by Culicoides, potentially exposing them to Culicoides-borne pathogens. The findings that vertebrate host use was consistent across locations suggests that each Culicoides species has affinity for one or more specific animal groups, and does not feed randomly upon available animals.
First Report of Bartonella SP. In Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) From Southern Mexico
Authors: Lozano-Sardaneta Yokomi N. , Colunga-Salas Pablo , Sánchez-Montes Sokani , Cáceres Abraham G. , Becker Ingeborg
Published: October 2019

The genus Bartonella encompasses several zoonotic species that cause emerging infectious diseases in humans. These species are transmitted to humans by hematophagous arthropods. In South America, sand flies are the most important vectors of Bartonella bacilliformis, the etiological agent of Verruga peruana. Due to the importance of bartonellosis in public health, the aim of this study was to detect Bartonella in wild populations of phlebotomine sand flies in southern Mexico. In total, 29 sand flies belonging to 6 species were collected. Only 2 specimens were positive, representing a prevalence of 8.69% (2/23). This appears to be the first report of Bartonella sp. in phlebotomine sand flies outside the endemic area of Verruga peruana in South America. Further studies are needed to clarify the relation between this bacterium and sand flies in Mexico.
Personal, Interpersonal, and Media Predictors of Fear of Ebola
Authors: Dillard James , Yang Chun
Published: October 2019

Fear of infectious disease has the potential to damage local economies, disrupt health care delivery systems, and diminish immune functioning, whether or not the risk is objectively high. The appearance of Ebola in the United States offered an opportunity to study the causes of fear in a real-world event. Shortly after the death of the first Ebola patient diagnosed in the United States, survey data were gathered (N = 849) from residents of Dallas and U.S. citizens outside of Texas. Fear was positively associated with age (younger), gender (female), and ethnicity (non-White), but not geographic proximity (Dallas vs. not Dallas). Exposure to Ebola-related information via interpersonal channels (friends/family, acquaintances/coworkers) corresponded with higher levels of fear, but the findings for media channels were more varied, showing positive effects (newspapers/magazines), negative effects (Internet), and null effects (TV/radio). The study provides insight into the personal, interpersonal, and media correlates of fear of Ebola.
Types of Land Disputes and Ways of Their Settlement Using Forensic Expert Knowledge
Authors: Zhukova O. V.
Published: October 2019

Land disputes considered by the courts are very diverse. A common feature of such cases is the involvement of an expert land surveyor to resolve issues that go beyond the legal knowledge. Expert opinion findings frequently form the basis of a court decision since in land disputes land survey expertise often predetermines the decision on a case. In the article a range of significantly different civil disputes with plots as objects is given, their classification is proposed. It is explained that for each type of the disputes special land survey knowledge is necessary. Questions are presented which can be resolved by conducting a forensic land survey expertise as well as some examples of decisions from court practice with demonstrations of a judge’s legal competence realization on the one hand and expert land surveyor – on the other.
Differences in Behavior Between Elderly and Nonelderly Captive Chimpanzees and the Effects of the Social Environment
Authors: Neal Webb Sarah J , Hau Jann , Lambeth Susan P , Schapiro Steven J
Published: October 2019

The population of NIH-owned or NIH-supported captive research chimpanzees is quickly becoming aged, and the 1998 NIH breeding moratorium has resulted in a skewed age distribution. As such, behavioral management programs aimed at refining the care of an aging captive chimpanzee population
have become increasingly important. However, little research exists that addresses the ways in which captive chimpanzee behavior differs as a function of the interaction of age and aspects of the captive environment. We examined overall differences in behavior between elderly (35 y and older)
and nonelderly (younger than 35 y) captive chimpanzees. Elderly chimpanzees exhibited significantly more rough scratching (a behavioral indicator of anxiety) and inactivity, less behavioral diversity, and less affiliation than their nonelderly counterparts. We also assessed whether elderly
chimpanzee behavior and wounding rates differed as a function of housing in geriatric (group average age, 35 y or older) or nongeriatric (group average age, younger than 35 y) groups. In our program, geriatric social groups were characterized by smaller group size, more females within the
group, and higher levels of individual mobility impairment compared with nongeriatric groups. Furthermore, elderly chimpanzees housed in geriatric groups displayed significantly increased rough scratching, decreased locomotion and submission than nongeriatric animals but no difference in wounding.
These findings suggest that housing elderly chimpanzees in nongeriatric groups may be beneficial, given that doing so may stimulate locomotion. However, the establishment and maintenance of geriatric groups may be unavoidable as the demographics of the population of captive former research
chimpanzees continues to age. Therefore, refinements to captive geriatric care strategies for chimpanzees should focus on methods of evaluating and enhancing functionally appropriate captive environments within geriatric groups.
Structural-aggregative state of a light-gray forest surface gleyed soil in various systems of its use
Authors: Tkachenko M. A. , Gavryshko O. S. , Gabriel A. Y. , Olifir Yu. M.
Published: October 2019

Diagnostics of such important feature as the structure of soil cannot be based only on field studies of the morphology of the soil profile, but primarily should be supported and logically substantiated by analytical laboratory research. During the research process was chosen the optimal and available sieve method of modifying of N.I. Savinov, which results indicate the ratio of aggregates of different sizes and their water resistance in soil. To establish how the size of structure affects the properties and mode of soil and whether it is resistant to water movement and strong mechanical load.

Are highlighted the study results of structural and aggregative state of light gray forest surface gleyed soil in fallow land and variants of 50-year-long agricultural use. It is established that the inclusion of soil in farming without fertilization and in systematic mineral fertilization promotes the formation of mezoaggregates, but also leads to significant powdering of them, which is confirmed by the morphological diagnosis of soil profile and poor water resistance. The structural condition of arable layers both of the control without fertilization and the variant of mineral fertilization by the amount content of agronomically valuable aggregates is better in comparing with the fallow (39, 6), and this is 55.1 on the control and 52.0 in the variant of only making mineral fertilization. The coefficient of structuring is 1.23% and 1.08% accordingly against 0.66% in fallow. These results can be connected, first of all, with feature of size distribution of light gray forest soil, which should be considered in their study.
Structure crop rotations and soil fertility tsenralnoy of zone Forest Steppe
Authors: Demidenko A.V. , Shapoval I.S. , Boiko P.I. , Litvinov D.V.
Published: October 2019

It is rotined that in the modern terms of management in default of stock-raising and manure indemnification of elements of feed takes place due to uncommodity part of harvest, that is considered as biologithation of crop rotations. In 5 field crop rotations with a pea and herbares without top-dressing returning all uncommodity part, provides complete indemnification of makroelements feeding on potassium, and on nitrogen and phosphorus bal­ ance was negativ. At top-dressing in uncommodity part of harvest there was sufficient number of elements of feed for achievement of positive balance on nitrogen and phosphorus, and in medial 1 ga of crop rotation retorn: 22 kg of nitrogen, 33 kg of phosphorus and 102 kg of potassium.
Productivity of the forage of perennial grasses and their mixtures on drained peatlands
Authors: Kurhak V.H. , Shtakal M.I. , Shtakal V.M.
Published: October 2019

There showed the productivity, chemical composition of feed and the timing of mowing of grass and variety mixes of permanent grasses on drained peat soils of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The presence of early rip­ ened seeded grass provides a uniform supply use mowed mass from middle May until the end of September and the productivity of lands, which ranges from 10 to 14 t/ha of dry weight, metabolizable energy – 100.0 – 130.0 GJ and feed units 7-11 t/ha. Additional manuring of N90 on the background Р45К120 is effective at the start of second year of use. On the organization of hay conveyors of different ripening time herbages is possible to extend the optimal tim­ ing of mowing of green mass to 25-35 days. Best among the early-maturing grass crops are Dactylis glomerata va­ riety Kyivska rannia-1 with Alopecurus pratensis variety Sarnenskiy ranniy or its mixture with Bromus inermis and Festuca pratensis. With medium ripening – pure sowing eastern fescue of variety Lyudmila, Phalaris arundinacea variety Sarnenski-40, Bromus inermis variety Arsen and their compounds. High productivity of late-ripening herb­ age is provided by the inclusion in the composition of grass mixtures of Phleum pratense L. variety Vyshgorodska and Dactylis glomerata of variety Ukrainka, and Agrostis gigantea Roth variety Sarnenska piznia. It is also possible organization hay conveyors of different ripening varieties of Dactylis glomerata varieties Kyivska rannia, Muravka, Ukrainka.
The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe
Authors: Holod R. , Bilinska О. , Shubala H.
Published: October 2019

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe.

The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency.

Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical.

Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article.

The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products.

The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity.

Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.