bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of a hybrid algorithm of LSTM and Transformer based on random search optimization for improving rainfall-runoff simulation
Authors: Li Wenzhong , Liu Chengshuai , Hu Caihong , Niu Chaojie , Li Runxi , Li Ming , Xu Yingying , Tian Lu
Published: May 2024

Flood forecasting using traditional physical hydrology models requires consideration of multiple complex physical processes including the spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall, the spatial heterogeneity of watershed sub-surface characteristics, and runoff generation and routing behaviours. Data-driven models offer novel solutions to these challenges, though they are hindered by difficulties in hyperparameter selection and a decline in prediction stability as the lead time extends. This study introduces a hybrid model, the RS-LSTM-Transformer, which combines Random Search (RS), Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM), and the Transformer architecture. Applied to the typical Jingle watershed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, this model utilises rainfall and runoff data from basin sites to simulate flood processes, and its outcomes are compared against those from RS-LSTM, RS-Transformer, RS-BP, and RS-MLP models. It was evaluated against RS-LSTM, RS-Transformer, RS-BP, and RS-MLP models using the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Bias percentage as metrics. At a 1-h lead time during calibration and validation, the RS-LSTM-Transformer model achieved NSE, RMSE, MAE, and Bias values of 0.970, 14.001m3/s, 5.304m3/s, 0.501% and 0.953, 14.124m3/s, 6.365m3/s, 0.523%, respectively. These results demonstrate the model's superior simulation capabilities and robustness, providing more accurate peak flow forecasts as the lead time increases. The study highlights the RS-LSTM-Transformer model's potential in flood forecasting and the advantages of integrating various data-driven approaches for innovative modelling.
The Egyptian pyramid chain was built along the now abandoned Ahramat Nile Branch
Authors: Ghoneim Eman , Ralph Timothy J. , Onstine Suzanne , El-Behaedi Raghda , El-Qady Gad , Fahil Amr S. , Hafez Mahfooz , Atya Magdy , Ebrahim Mohamed , Khozym Ashraf , Fathy Mohamed S.
Published: May 2024

The largest pyramid field in Egypt is clustered along a narrow desert strip, yet no convincing explanation as to why these pyramids are concentrated in this specific locality has been given so far. Here we use radar satellite imagery, in conjunction with geophysical data and deep soil coring, to investigate the subsurface structure and sedimentology in the Nile Valley next to these pyramids. We identify segments of a major extinct Nile branch, which we name The Ahramat Branch, running at the foothills of the Western Desert Plateau, where the majority of the pyramids lie. Many of the pyramids, dating to the Old and Middle Kingdoms, have causeways that lead to the branch and terminate with Valley Temples which may have acted as river harbors along it in the past. We suggest that The Ahramat Branch played a role in the monuments’ construction and that it was simultaneously active and used as a transportation waterway for workmen and building materials to the pyramids’ sites.
Investigation of phase growth and the effect of thickness on bismuth titanate thin films for microelectronic device applications
Authors: Thiruramanathan P. , Marikani A. , Manjula S. , Sadhasivam Sutha , Saravanan S. , Bathula Chinna , Lee Sejoon , Lee Youngmin , Kim Deuk Young , Sekar Sankar
Published: May 2024

Bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) thin films were deposited on a platinized silicon (Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si) substrate using a spin-coating technique; they exhibited an excellent dielectric constant of 4228 and a tangent loss of 0.074.
Insights into the baicalein-induced destabilization of LS-shaped Aβ42 protofibrils using computer simulations
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Mankoo Opinder Kaur , Kaur Anupamjeet , Goyal Deepti , Goyal Bhupesh
Published: May 2024

MD simulations illuminated the molecular mechanism of baicalein-induced destabilization of LS-shaped Aβ42 protofibrils. Baicalein destabilizes Aβ42 protofibrils by lowering β-sheets, elongating the kink angle, and disrupting K28–A42 salt bridges.
Proton surface exchange kinetics of perovskite triple conducting thin films for protonic ceramic electrolysis cells: BaPr0.9Y0.1O3−δ (BPY) vs. Ba1−xCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3−δ (BCFZY)
Authors: Lee Jongmin , Buckner Haley B. , Perry Nicola H.
Published: May 2024

Well defined Ba(Pr,Y)O3−δ thin films exhibit high and stable proton surface exchange coefficients (k) over time compared to those of benchmark Ba(Co,Fe,Zr,Y)O3−δ thin films.
Evaluation of digoxin-boronate ester formation through in-capillary derivatisation-large volume sample stacking-capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Muñoz Raybel , Alvarez-Hernandez Alejandro , Ibarra Israel S. , Guevara-Lara Alfredo , Rodriguez Jose A.
Published: May 2024

Digoxin-boronate ester formation through the stacking and separation of species by CZE using boronic acids as derivatisation agents. The methodology is useful for pharmaceutical and biological fluid application.
Switchable and orthogonal gene expression control inside artificial cells by synthetic riboswitches
Authors: Ishii Yuta , Fukunaga Keisuke , Cooney Aileen , Yokobayashi Yohei , Matsuura Tomoaki
Published: May 2024

Here we report two novel synthetic riboswitches that respond to ASP2905 and theophylline and function in reconstituted cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems.
Interfacial carbonyl groups of propylene carbonate facilitate the reversible binding of nitrogen dioxide
Authors: Clark Jessica B. , Allen Heather C.
Published: May 2024

The carbonyl group of the organic liquid, propylene carbonate, facilitates the reversible binding of NO2 molecules at the interface as demonstrated through infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy experiments.
Theoretical comparison of fructose with methylglucoside for the production of formate and levulinate catalyzed by Brønsted acids in a methanol solution
Authors: Xiong Jin-Shan , Min Han-Yun , Qi Ting , Zhang Yin-Sheng , Hu Chang-Wei , Yang Hua-Qing
Published: May 2024

The formate [HCOO]− comes from the dominant C1- and secondary C3-atoms of MG and from the C1-atom of fructose. Kinetically, MG is ready to yield (MF + MLev), whereas fructose can induce the reaction to remain at the HMF intermediate.
Effect of an external/internal magnetic field on the photocurrent in Py-topological insulator heterojunction Ni80Fe20/TI (Bi2Te3/Bi2Se3/Bi2Te2Se)/p-Si devices
Authors: Singh Roshani , Yadav Surendra Kumar , Kumar Rachana , Haldar Arabinda , Kumar Pramod
Published: May 2024

This study demonstrates the fabrication and study of a permalloy (Py)/topological insulator heterojunction, i.e., the Ni80Fe20/TI(Bi2Te3/Bi2Se3/Bi2Te2Se)/p-Si heterojunction, for spintronic device applications at room temperature.
Low-temperature catalytic chemical looping dry reforming of methane over Ru/La2Ce2O7
Authors: Kang Keke , Kayama Naoki , Higo Takuma , Sampson Clarence , Sekine Yasushi
Published: May 2024

Chemical looping dry reforming of CH4, a promising approach to reduce fossil fuel consumption and use CO2, hinges on designing an efficient oxygen carrier.
Analysis of the key genes of Lactobacillus reuteri strains involved in the protection against alcohol-induced intestinal barrier damage
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Zhang Chengcheng , Yu Leilei , Tian Fengwei , Chen Wei , Zhai Qixiao
Published: May 2024

Functional genes may be related to alcohol-induced intestinal barrier damage protection.
Recent catalytic innovations in furfural transformation
Authors: Zhao Kangyu , Wen Bin , Tang Qing , Wang Feng , Liu Xianxiang , Xu Qiong , Yin Dulin
Published: May 2024

This review highlights recent advancements in the selective conversion of biomass-derived furfural to high-value platform chemicals over various heterogeneous catalytic systems.
The Saha ionisation equilibrium shift correction model applied to MPT-OES for analysing complex matrix samples: an example for brine samples
Authors: Wei Haoze , Zhu Zongjun , Wang Rongyao , Yu Dengjie , Jin Wei , Yu Bingwen
Published: May 2024

The Saha-IESC (Saha Ionisation Equilibrium Shift Correction) is a novel approach designed to correct for ionisation interference in the analysis of various solution samples.
Acoustophoresis-driven particle focusing and separation with standard/inverse Chladni patterns
Authors: Zhao Xiong , Hao Nanjing
Published: May 2024

The classical standard/inverse Chladni patterns are reproduced in an aqueous environment for the first time. Sinking particles and suspended particles are separated by standard/inverse Chladni patterns, paving the way for advanced acoustic tweezers.
Improving high efficiency and device lifetime of blue emitters with 3H-benzo[cd]pyrene core and optimized bulky side groups
Authors: Kwon Hyukmin , Park Sunwoo , Kang Seokwoo , Park Sangwook , Lee Kiho , Lee Hayoon , Park Jongwook
Published: May 2024

We designed and synthesized two blue fluorescent dopants, DMP-BP and DBF-BP, by introducing alkylated N-phenylaniline and alkylated dibenzo[b,d]furan-amine as side groups, based on the pyrene chromophore, 3H-benzo[cd]pyrene (BP) core.
Effect of the phenyl group on the non-linear optical (NLO) and aggregation induced emission (AIE) properties of ferrocene conjugated linear D–π–A/D–π–A–π–A chromophores
Authors: Viswanathan Thamodharan , David Ezhumalai , Prabu Selvam , Mishra Kamini , Prakash Muthuramalingam , Shanmugan Swaminathan , Palanisami Nallasamy
Published: May 2024

AIE-active donor–π–acceptor–π–acceptor (D–π–A–π–A) type ferrocene conjugated chromophores show enhanced second order NLO properties.
A study of the effect of the interaction between the active center and the ligand environment of ionomer-based catalysts on the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Yan Yong , Zhang Jie , Wang Ruilin , Chen Jinwei
Published: May 2024

The construction of a polyhydroxyl coordination environment is conducive to OER catalysis.
Construction and characterization of an inorganic–organic hybrid copper(i) iodide coordination polymer with semiconducting luminescence
Authors: Yang Hui , Kuang Xiaofei , Mi Ying-Hao , Wang Ming-Ming , Zhao Yuqing , Lin Fulin , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: May 2024

Inorganic–organic hybrid semiconductors based on copper(i) halide are intriguing luminescent materials possessing great prospects as rare-earth elements (REEs) free phosphors for use in solid-state lighting (SSL).
Quantum-confined bismuth iodide perovskite nanocrystals in mesoporous matrices
Authors: Dupé Sarah , Liu Dongyu , Ghosh Antik , Vasenko Andrey S. , Pouget Stéphanie , Schlutig Sandrine , Vidal Mathieu , Lebeau Bénédicte , Ling Wai Li , Reiss Peter , Prezhdo Oleg V. , Ryzhikov Andrey , Aldakov Dmitry
Published: May 2024

Encapsulation of bismuth iodide perovskites within the ordered silica pores of various diameters results is quantum-confined nanocrystals.
Metal oxide hybridization enhances room temperature phosphorescence of carbon dots–SiO2 matrix for information encryption and anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Yao Qing , Wang Zeyu , Gaponenko Nikolai V. , Shi Jindou , Da Zheyuan , Zhang Chen , Wang Junnan , Wang Minqiang
Published: May 2024

A schematic of the synthesis of CDs@SiO2 and CDs@SiO2-Al2O3 and comparison of their fluorescence and phosphorescence under UV excitation.
Improving the performance of acrylic-epoxy ester hybrid coatings with phosphate monomers
Authors: Wang Xiaomei , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Chen Yujian , Sun Xin , Cong Weiwei , Wang Xiao , Chen Lizhuang , Li Zhaolei , Gui Taijiang , Li Weili
Published: May 2024

The phosphoric ester designed in this manuscript not only enhances the mechanical properties of acrylic-epoxy ester hybrid coatings but also, through chelation with metal, significantly improves the coating's corrosion resistance.
The impact of a TiO2/r-GO composite material on the performance of electron transport electrodes of dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Pervaiz Hina , Shahzad Nadia , Jamil Qasim
Published: May 2024

Integration of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) with TiO2 is a promising approach for the enhancement of electron transit and electron lifespan, due to the remarkable qualities exhibited by r-GO. This advancement has the potential for use in commercial dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) manufacturing.
Facile synthesis of a magnetic molecularly-imprinted polymer adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of diclofenac from water
Authors: Dakhly Heba Ali , Albohy Salwa A. H. , Salman Aida A. , Abo Dena Ahmed S.
Published: May 2024

Numerous pollutants endanger the safety and purity of water, making water pollution a major worldwide concern.
Effects of crack–γ/γ′ interface relative distributions on the deformation and crack growth behaviors of a nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Qin Xinmao , Yan Wanjun , Liang Yilong , Li Fei
Published: May 2024

As the distance between two cracks increased, both tensile strength and plasticity decreased, while the crack growth rate significantly increased.
Development of an inhibitor of the mutagenic SOS response that suppresses the evolution of quinolone antibiotic resistance
Authors: Bradbury Jacob D. , Hodgkinson Thomas , Thomas Adam M. , Tanwar Omprakash , La Monica Gabriele , Rogga Vanessa V. , Mackay Luke J. , Taylor Emilia K. , Gilbert Kiera , Zhu Yihua , Sefton Amber Y. , Edwards Andrew M. , Gray-Hammerton Charlotte J. , Smith Gerald R. , Roberts Paul M. , Walsh Timothy R. , Lanyon-Hogg Thomas
Published: May 2024

Bacterial DNA-damage repair activates the SOS response, which promotes hypermutation and antibiotic resistance. SAR investigation identified OXF-077, a small molecule DNA-repair and SOS-response inhibitor that suppresses resistance evolution.
Nonequilibrium switching of segmental states can influence compaction of chromatin
Authors: Sahoo Soudamini , Kadam Sangram , Padinhateeri Ranjith , Kumar P. B. Sunil
Published: May 2024

Simulation of a chromatin model with dynamic switching of chromatin regions between different chemical and physical states demonstrate its role in determining its 3D structure. This can drive gene expression differences among different cell types.
Polarized local excitons assist charge dissociation in Y6-based nonfullerene organic solar cells: a nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study
Authors: Liu Bin , Chow Philip C. Y. , Liu Junzhi , Pan Ding
Published: May 2024

Our study underscores the pivotal significance of charge polarization in local-exciton states for exciton dissociation in polymer/Y6 organic solar cells with a small energy offset. This phenomenon is not observed in polymer/fullerene systems.
Enhancing the healability and degradability of epoxy via synergetic steric and electron-withdrawing effects for green electrical packaging
Authors: Zhang Lei , Sun Wenjie , Guo Zhongqi , Li Tianyu , Zhou Yi , Wu Chenglong , Cheng Yonghong
Published: May 2024

Synergetic steric and electron-withdrawing effects enable the fabrication of healable and degradable green electrical packaging with robust thermal, mechanical and insulating performance.
Silica nanoparticle conjugation with gallic acid towards enhanced free radical scavenging capacity and activity on osteosarcoma cells in vitro
Authors: Hohagen Mariam , Saraiva Nuno , Kählig Hanspeter , Gerner Christopher , Del Favero Giorgia , Kleitz Freddy
Published: May 2024

Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles are surface-modified with gallic acid via carbamate or amide bond formation. The different GA-conjugated materials showed tuneable antioxidant activity in osteosarcoma cells and inhibited their migration.
Pyroelectricity in poled all-organic polar polynorbornene/polydimethylsiloxane-based stretchable electrets
Authors: Raman Venkatesan Thulasinath , Owusu Francis , Nüesch Frank A. , Schulze Manuel , Opris Dorina M.
Published: May 2024

A novel all-organic polar elastic composite consisting of a polar polynorbornene-based filler in a PDMS matrix shows room temperature non-linear pyroelectricity due to Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization and secondary pyroelectricity.
Stretchable and stable neuromorphic tactile system
Authors: Liu Yaqian , Wang Hui , Lin Jiaming , Ye Weixi , Rao Zhichao , Lu Wenjie , Huang Bingle , Chen Huipeng
Published: May 2024

A performance-stable tactile neuron is developed, which integrates a stretch-insensitive triboelectric nanogenerator with an artificial neuron in a single device, and a 64 × 64 neuromorphic tactile matrix is established to process touch signals.
Impact of electrode recrystallization on the stability of organic transistors
Authors: Sun Shougang , Guan Hanyang , He Jinbo , Qi Jiannan , Chen Xiaosong , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping
Published: May 2024

This work presents that the recrystallization of the electrode plays an important role in the stability of the organic transistors.
Thermally deposited copper(i) thiocyanate thin film: an efficient and sustainable approach for the hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kedia Rashi , Balkhandia Manisha , Khatak Manisha , Chaudhary Neeraj , Patra Asit
Published: May 2024

Thermally deposited CuSCN thin film is used for hole transport layer in inverted perovskite solar cells. The structural, electrochemical, optical, and morphological properties of films are characterized.
The monodomain Kunitz protein EgKU-7 from the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus is a high-affinity trypsin inhibitor with two interaction sites
Authors: Fló Martín , Pellizza Leonardo , Durán Rosario , Alvarez Beatriz , Fernández Cecilia
Published: May 2024

Typical Kunitz proteins (I2 family of the MEROPS database, Kunitz-A family) are metazoan competitive inhibitors of serine peptidases that form tight complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry, mimicking substrates. The cestode Echinococcus granulosus, the dog tapeworm causing cystic echinococcosis in humans and livestock, encodes an expanded family of monodomain Kunitz proteins, some of which are secreted to the dog host interface. The Kunitz protein EgKU-7 contains, in addition to the Kunitz domain with the anti-peptidase loop comprising a critical arginine, a C-terminal extension of ∼20 amino acids. Kinetic, electrophoretic, and mass spectrometry studies using EgKU-7, a C-terminally truncated variant, and a mutant in which the critical arginine was substituted by alanine, show that EgKU-7 is a tight inhibitor of bovine and canine trypsins with the unusual property of possessing two instead of one site of interaction with the peptidases. One site resides in the anti-peptidase loop and is partially hydrolyzed by bovine but not canine trypsins, suggesting specificity for the target enzymes. The other site is located in the C-terminal extension. This extension can be hydrolyzed in a particular arginine by cationic bovine and canine trypsins but not by anionic canine trypsin. This is the first time to our knowledge that a monodomain Kunitz-A protein is reported to have two interaction sites with its target. Considering that putative orthologs of EgKU-7 are present in other cestodes, our finding unveils a novel piece in the repertoire of peptidase-inhibitor interactions and adds new notes to the evolutionary host-parasite concerto.
Cancer-associated mutations in protein kinase C theta are loss-of-function
Authors: Hodapp Stefanie J. , Gravel Nathan , Kannan Natarajan , Newton Alexandra C.
Published: May 2024

The Ca2+-independent, but diacylglycerol-regulated, novel protein kinase C (PKC) theta (θ) is highly expressed in hematopoietic cells where it participates in immune signaling and platelet function. Mounting evidence suggests that PKCθ may be involved in cancer, particularly blood cancers, breast cancer, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, yet how to target this kinase (as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor) has not been established. Here, we examine the effect of four cancer-associated mutations, R145H/C in the autoinhibitory pseudosubstrate, E161K in the regulatory C1A domain, and R635W in the regulatory C-terminal tail, on the cellular activity and stability of PKCθ. Live-cell imaging studies using the genetically-encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based reporter for PKC activity, C kinase activity reporter 2 (CKAR2), revealed that the pseudosubstrate and C1A domain mutations impaired autoinhibition to increase basal signaling. This impaired autoinhibition resulted in decreased stability of the protein, consistent with the well-characterized behavior of Ca2+-regulated PKC isozymes wherein mutations that impair autoinhibition are paradoxically loss-of-function because the mutant protein is degraded. In marked contrast, the C-terminal tail mutation resulted in enhanced autoinhibition and enhanced stability. Thus, the examined mutations were loss-of-function by different mechanisms: mutations that impaired autoinhibition promoted the degradation of PKC, and those that enhanced autoinhibition stabilized an inactive PKC. Supporting a general loss-of-function of PKCθ in cancer, bioinformatics analysis revealed that protein levels of PKCθ are reduced in diverse cancers, including lung, renal, head and neck, and pancreatic. Our results reveal that PKCθ function is lost in cancer.
Mature beyond their years: young children who escape detection of parasitemia despite living in settings of intense malaria transmission
Authors: Holla Prasida , Bhardwaj Jyoti , Tran Tuan M.
Published: May 2024

Despite having the highest risk of progressing to severe disease due to lack of acquired immunity, the youngest children living in areas of highly intense malaria transmission have long been observed to be infected at lower rates than older children. Whether this observation is due to reduced exposure to infectious mosquito bites from behavioral and biological factors, maternally transferred immunity, genetic factors, or enhanced innate immunity in the young child has intrigued malaria researchers for over half a century. Recent evidence suggests that maternally transferred immunity may be limited to early infancy and that the young child's own immune system may contribute to control of malarial symptoms early in life and prior to the development of more effective adaptive immunity. Prospective studies of active and passive detection of Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage infections have identified young children (<5 years old) who remain uninfected through a defined surveillance period despite living in settings of highly intense malaria transmission. Yet, little is known about the potential immunological basis for this ‘aparasitemic’ phenotype. In this review, we summarize the observational evidence for this phenotype in field studies and examine potential reasons why these children escape detection of parasitemia, covering factors that are either extrinsic or intrinsic to their developing immune system. We discuss the challenges of distinguishing malaria protection from lack of malaria exposure in field studies. We also identify gaps in our knowledge regarding cellular immunity in the youngest age group and propose directions that researchers may take to address these gaps.
Optimizing power system stability: A hybrid approach using manta ray foraging and Salp swarm optimization algorithms for electromechanical oscillation mitigation in multi‐machine systems
Authors: Hassan Mohamed H. , Kamel Salah , El‐Dabah Mahmoud A. , Abido Mohammad A. , Zeinoddini‐Meymand Hamed
Published: May 2024

This paper emphasizes the significance of ensuring adequate damping of electromechanical oscillations in power systems to ensure stable operation. Power System Stabilizers (PSSs) are influential in enhancing system damping and refining dynamic characteristics during transient conditions. However, the efficacy of PSSs is notably contingent on parameter values, particularly in the case of lead‐lag PSSs. In response to this challenge, the paper introduces a Tilt‐Integral‐Derivative (TID)‐based PSS, optimized through a novel optimization algorithm called Hybrid Manta Ray Foraging and Salp Swarm Optimization Algorithms (MRFOSSA). The MRFOSSA algorithm demonstrates robustness and enhanced convergence, validated through benchmark function tests, and outperforms competing algorithms. These superior characteristics of MRFOSSA were employed in optimal tuning of TID‐PSSs to uphold the stability of multi‐machine power systems. The MRFOSSA algorithm demonstrates robustness and enhanced convergence, outperforms competing algorithms in the optimal tuning of TID‐PSS within the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC)‐3‐machines 9‐bus test system. In summary, the proposed TID‐PSS, coupled with the MRFOSSA algorithm, presents a promising avenue for enhancing power system stability.
Osteoporose-Update
Authors: Thomasius Friederike
Published: May 2024

Im Osteoporose Update wird auf relevante, aktuelle, d. h. mit Fokus auf in den
letzten 6 Monaten publizierte Paper eingegangen, die in Zusammenhang mit
Empfehlungen der Leitlinie gestellt werden.
Der Assistierte Suizid – ein wichtiges Thema für Neurologie und
Psychiatrie
Authors: Pollmächer Thomas
Published: May 2024

Schon seit mehreren Jahrzehnten wird in der Gesamtgesellschaft und in der Fachwelt
immer wieder und meist kontrovers über die Unterstützung beim Suizid diskutiert.
Lange lag dabei der Fokus auf Menschen mit schweren und schwersten Erkrankungen,
meist kurz vor dem Ende ihres Lebens, die um Hilfe bei der Selbsttötung oder gar um
eine aktive Tötung durch einen Arzt gebeten haben.
Krebs homöopathisch behandeln
Authors: Friedrich Uwe
Published: May 2024

Das prinzipielle Vorgehen bei der homöopathischen Krebsbehandlung wird
dargestellt. Es wird zwischen primärer und sekundärer homöopathischer
Krebsbehandlung unterschieden. Die primäre wird mit Rundummitteln erfolgreich
durchgeführt, bei der sekundären müssen die Krankheitsschichten identifiziert
und nacheinander behandelt werden.
Homöopathie in der Strahlentherapie – Nebenwirkungen vorbeugen und
behandeln
Authors: Märtens Bettina , Steinmann Diana
Published: May 2024

Die Strahlentherapie ist eine wichtige Behandlungssäule in der Krebstherapie,
jedoch auch mit Nebenwirkungen und Spätfolgen verbunden. Die Homöopathie kann
helfen, diesen effektiv vorzubeugen bzw. sie zu lindern.
Die integrative Behandlung an der Kinderonkologie in Klagenfurt – ein
ausgelaufenes Erfolgsmodell von 1997–2021
Authors: Pichler Erfried
Published: May 2024

Über 20 Jahre bestand an der Kinderonkologie des Landeskrankenhauses Klagenfurt
in Österreich ein sehr bemerkenswerter Therapiesynergismus von homöopathischer
und konventioneller Medizin. Dieser wird auch durch Therapieverläufe von
Patient*innen dargestellt. Wegen Mangel an konventionellmedizinischen
Fachkolleg*innen wurde diese Station 2021 geschlossen.
Spinaliom – rechte Nasenspitze eines 52 Jahre alten
Mannes
Authors: Malchow Holger
Published: May 2024

Der Einsatz der Homöopathie in der Onkologie erfolgt meist komplementär zur
konventionellen Krebstherapie. 10% der Patient*innen der Clinica Dr. Spinedi
entscheiden sich für eine rein homöopathische Krebsbehandlung. Der Fallbericht
eines homöopathisch erfolgreich behandelten Spinalioms an der Nasenspitze
demonstriert das praktische Vorgehen.
Imminent Fracture Risiko – Folgen für die
Sequenztherapie
Authors: Thomasius Friederike , Siggelkow Heide
Published: May 2024

Das „Imminente Frakturrisiko“ war in den vergangenen Jahren Thema diverser
Publikationen. Dabei ist das Thema eines akzentuiert erhöht liegenden
Frakturrisikos nach Fraktur über einen Zeitraum von max. 2 Jahren nicht neu, da
Frakturrisikogradienten nach Fraktur nicht linear mit der Zeit verlaufen. Grund
der aufgeflammten Diskussion ist die Möglichkeit der erweiterten therapeutischen
Optionen durch Zulassung eines zweiten osteoanabol wirkenden Medikamentes. Die
osteoanabole Therapie als optimale Therapiesequenz nach Fraktur in der Zeit des
imminent erhöht liegenden Frakturrisikos wird im Konsens international
empfohlen. Die Leitlinienaktualisierung der S3 Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und
Therapie der Osteoporose fasst die Daten zum imminenten Frakturrisiko in den
Empfehlungen zur Differentialtherapie zusammen, der Hintergrund der Empfehlungen
soll in dem Beitrag dargelegt werden.
Mind-Body-Medizin bei Patienten mit Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Saha Felix Joyonto
Published: May 2024

Die Mind-Body-Medizin zielt darauf ab, Patienten Kompetenzen zu vermitteln, wie sie mithilfe einer Lebensstilmodifikation zu ihrer Genesung oder Gesunderhaltung beitragen können. Methoden der Mind-Body-Medizin umfassen unter anderem Entspannungstechniken wie Meditation oder Yoga, Bewegung, gesunde Ernährung oder Resilienztrainings. Studien belegen, dass Programme der Mind-Body-Medizin die Lebensqualität von Patienten mit Prostatakrebs erhöhen, psychische sowie körperliche Symptome lindern und sogar langfristig einen positiven Effekt auf die Genexpression und damit den Krankheitsverlauf haben können.
Kurzfristige Lebensqualitätsbewertung nach Nasennebenhöhlenoperation bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Plath Michaela Maria , Sand Matthias , Gruchlik Mark-Philip , Cavaliere Carlo , Friauf Sara , Plinkert Peter , Plath Karim , Baumann Ingo
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund Die chronische Rhinosinusitis (Chronic rhinosinusitis, CRS) hat negative Auswirkungen auf die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (Health-Related Quality of Life, HRQoL). Die funktionelle endoskopische Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, FESS) ist die Behandlung der Wahl für Patienten, die auf eine konservative Therapie nicht ansprechen. Bisher sind die kurzfristigen Auswirkungen einer FESS auf die HRQoL noch ungeklärt.

Ziel der Arbeit Evaluation der kurzfristigen Auswirkungen einer FESS auf die HRQoL bei CRS-Patienten anhand des SNOT-22-Fragebogens.

Methodik Die Ergebnisse der validierten deutschen Version des Sino-Nasal-Outcome-Test-22 (SNOT-22) -Fragebogens von Patienten mit CRS wurden vor (n=89) und 10–14 Tage (n=77), 4 (n=77), 6 Wochen (n=76) und 6 Monate (n=71) nach einer FESS analysiert und mit denen von 1000 Kontrollpersonen verglichen, die mithilfe einer nicht wahrscheinlichen Quotenstichprobe in Übereinstimmung mit der Verteilung des deutschen Mikrozensus ausgewählt wurden.

Ergebnisse Im Vergleich zum präoperativen Mittelwert des SNOT-22-Scores (47,35) verbesserten CRS-Patienten ihre HRQoL 10–14 Tage (31,75; p<0,01), 4 Wochen (25,84; p<0,01), 6 Wochen (24,16; p<0,01) und 6 Monate nach FESS (27,16; p<0,01) signifikant. Prä- und 6 Monate postoperativ waren die 5 wichtigsten SNOT-22-Items Nasenatmungsbehinderung, Riech- und Geschmacksminderung, dickes, schleimiges Nasensekret, Schnäuzen der Nase notwendig und Sekretfluss in den Rachen. Die Riech- und Geschmacksminderung wurde beim 2-, 4- und 6-Wochen-Follow-up am häufigsten als lebensqualitätseinschränkend empfunden.

Schlussfolgerung Diese Follow-up-Studie zeigt erstmalig, dass kurzzeitig nach FESS die Riech- und Geschmacksminderung schwerpunktmäßig konservativ nachbehandelt und kontrolliert werden sollte.
Differentialdiagnose der Eosinophilie aus hämatologischer
Sicht
Authors: Sockel Katja , Reiter Andreas , Bornhäuser Martin , Schwaab Juliana
Published: May 2024

Obwohl eosinophile Granulozyten nur einen kleinen Anteil der Leukozyten im Blut
ausmachen (weniger als 5%), können erhöhte Werte auf schwerwiegende Erkrankungen
hinweisen. Dabei bedarf nicht jede Eosinophilie einer weiteren Diagnostik -
anhaltend erhöhte Werte über 1,5 x 109 /L sollten jedoch
differenzialdiagnostisch abgeklärt werden. Die häufigsten Ursachen für eine
Eosinophilie sind reaktiver Natur und umfassen Allergien, Medikamente,
Autoimmunerkrankungen oder parasitäre Infektionen. Auch solide Tumore oder
Lymphome können mit einer begleitenden reaktiven Eosinophilie einhergehen. Davon
abzugrenzen sind die seltenen (<5%) klonalen Eosinophilien, deren
Identifikation prognostisch und therapeutisch relevant ist. Nach Ausschluss
klassisch reaktiver und klonaler Ursachen, bleibt das idiopathische
Hypereosinophilie-Syndrom (iHES) als Differentialdiagnose, bei dem es zur
Organschädigung durch eine persistierende Eosinophilie kommt. Das klinische
Erscheinungsbild eosinophiler Erkrankungen ist oft unspezifisch und erlaubt
keine eindeutige Diagnose. Daher ist neben einer sorgfältigen Anamnese, einer
ausgedehnten Labor- und bildgebenden Diagnostik auch eine molekulargenetische
Abklärung unbedingt notwendig. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose kann die Prognose
erheblich verbessern. Während Steroide bei reaktiven Ursachen und dem iHES sehr
gut wirksam sind, können bei klonalen Eosinophilien keine dauerhaften
Remissionen mit Steroiden erreicht werden. Stattdessen kommen hier je nach
zugrundeliegender genetischer Veränderung Tyrosinkinasehemmer zum Einsatz.
Homöopathie bei akuten, unproblematischen Harnwegsinfekten
Authors: Elies Michael K.H.
Published: May 2024

Gemäß der S3-Leitlinie können zur symptomatischen Therapie der akuten Zystitis mit leichten und mittelschweren Symptomen bei entsprechender Präferenz der Patient*innen auch homöopathische Arzneimittel angewandt werden. Die praktische Anwendung der verschiedenen Homöopathiemethoden wie Einzelmittelhomöopathie, Schüßler-Salze und Komplexmittel werden aus dem Blickwinkel der naturheilkundlichen Praxis dargestellt.
Männliche Unfruchtbarkeit: Behandlung mit Mitteln der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin
Authors: Pojer Olivia
Published: May 2024

Nachdem die Spermienqualität ohnehin in den letzten 40 Jahren um teilweise über 60 % gesunken ist, verschärfte die Corona-Pandemie die Problematik merklich. Für durchschnittlich 4 Monate reduziert eine Infektion mit dem Virus alle Parameter, die in einem Spermiogramm ausgewiesen werden, deutlich. Auch der Testosteronspiegel sinkt merklich. Das ist wohl eine der absolut unterschätzten Nachwehen der Pandemie, kaum einer weiß davon und doch trifft es nahezu jeden Mann.

Die Pandemie ist definitiv nicht der Auslöser der „Spermienkrise“, viele Faktoren sind hier zu berücksichtigen, alle haben viel mit unserem Lifestyle zu tun.

Retrospektive Studien zeigen deutlich, dass ein pathologisches Spermiogramm ein Hinweis auf eine schlechte generelle Gesundheit des Mannes sein kann. Sein Risiko, im Laufe seines Lebens an gewissen Karzinomarten zu erkranken, ist deutlich erhöht. Die chinesische Medizin bietet mit Akupunktur und Kräuterzubereitungen empirisch erfolgreiche Strategien, um die Männergesundheit wiederherzustellen.
Technical failure during colorectal endoscopic full-thickness resection: the “through thick and thin” study
Authors: Gibiino Giulia , Binda Cecilia , Papparella Luigi Giovanni , Spada Cristiano , Andrisani Gianluca , Di Matteo Francesco Maria , Gagliardi Mario , Maurano Attilio , Sferrazza Sandro , Azzolini Francesco , Grande Giuseppe , de Nucci Germana , Cesaro Paola , Aragona Giovanni , Cennamo Vincenzo , Fusaroli Pietro , Staiano Teresa , Soriani Paola , Campanale Mariachiara , Di Mitri Roberto , Pugliese Francesco , Anderloni Andrea , Cucchetti Alessandro , Repici Alessandro , Fabbri Carlo ,   The “through thick and thin” study group
Published: May 2024

Background Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is an effective and safe technique for nonlifting colorectal lesions. Technical issues or failures with the full-thickness resection device (FTRD) system are reported, but there are no detailed data. The aim of our study was to quantify and classify FTRD technical failures.

Methods We performed a retrospective study involving 17 Italian centers with experience in advanced resection techniques and the required devices. Each center shared and classified all prospectively collected consecutive failures during colorectal EFTR using the FTRD from 2018 to 2022. The primary outcome was the technical failure rate and their classification; secondary outcomes included subsequent management, clinical success, and complications.

Results Included lesions were mainly recurrent (52 %), with a mean (SD) dimension of 18.4 (7.5) mm. Among 750 EFTRs, failures occurred in 77 patients (35 women; mean [SD] age 69.4 [8.9] years). A classification was proposed: type I, snare noncutting (53 %); type II, clip misdeployment (31 %); and type III, cap misplacement (16 %). Among endoscopic treatments completed, rescue endoscopic mucosal resection was performed in 57 patients (74 %), allowing en bloc and R0 resection in 71 % and 64 %, respectively. The overall adverse event rate was 27.3 %. Pooled estimates for the rates of failure, complications, and rescue endoscopic therapy were similar for low and high volume centers (P = 0.08, P = 0.70, and P = 0.71, respectively).

Conclusions Colorectal EFTR with the FTRD is a challenging technique with a non-negligible rate of technical failure and complications. Experience in rescue resection techniques and multidisciplinary management are mandatory in this setting.
The Fate of Conventional Elephant Trunk in the Frozen Elephant Trunk Era
Authors: Geragotellis Alexander , Jubouri Matti , Al-Tawil Mohammed , Mohammed Idhrees , Bashir Mohamad , Hosseini Saeid
Published: May 2024

Conventional elephant trunk (cET) and frozen elephant trunk (FET) are two distinct approaches to the surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. With the advent and growing uptake of endovascular technologies, FET is becoming increasingly popular for its potential to be performed as a single-stage operation with better aortic remodeling and less risk of graft kinking than the traditional two-stage cET procedure. However, FET has been associated with a higher risk of spinal cord ischemia and its use in patients with connective tissue disorder remains controversial. The current review aimed to reflect on recent evidence surrounding the application of cET and FET to different types of aortic pathology in both acute and elective settings. Another scope of this review was to compare the characteristics of the currently available FET commercial devices on the global market. Our findings highlight that when the pathology is confined to the proximal descending aorta, such as in Dsine, intervention is often single-staged and false lumen (FL) thrombosis is achieved with good effect. FET remains limited by spinal cord injury and applicability in patients with connective tissue disorder, although some groups have started to circumvent associated complications, likely due to growing surgical expertise. Many other aortic diseases do require second-stage intervention, and even in these cases, there appears to be lower in-hospital mortality when using FET over cET. This is possibly due to the higher rate of endovascular completion facilitated by the completed landing zones created during FET. FET is trending toward becoming the universal treatment modality for extending repair to the descending aorta
Magnetic Resonance Elastography of Liver: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Chatterjee Argha , Miller Frank H. , Pang Emily
Published: May 2024

Chronic liver disease (CLD) has been recently recognized as a major public health priority. Assessment of presence and degree of liver fibrosis is critical to the management of CLD and traditionally required a liver biopsy. However, biopsy has many limitations including the risk of complications and sampling error. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has emerged as a noninvasive and highly accurate technique for evaluating liver fibrosis. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into the current uses and guidelines for the usage of MRE in CLD, highlighting its advantages and limitations.
Factors Influencing Integration and Usability of Model-Informed Precision Dosing Software in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Chai Ming G. , Roberts Natasha A. , Dobbins Chelsea , Roberts Jason A. , Cotta Menino O.
Published: May 2024

Background Antimicrobial dosing in critically ill patients is challenging and model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) software may be used to optimize dosing in these patients. However, few intensive care units (ICU) currently adopt MIPD software use.

Objectives To determine the usability of MIPD software perceived by ICU clinicians and identify implementation barriers and enablers of software in the ICU.

Methods Clinicians (pharmacists and medical staff) who participated in a wider multicenter study using MIPD software were invited to participate in this mixed-method study. Participants scored the industry validated Post-study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ, assessing software usability) and Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM2, assessing factors impacting software acceptance) survey. Semistructured interviews were used to explore survey responses. The framework approach was used to identify factors influencing software usability and integration into the ICU from the survey and interview data.

Results Seven of the eight eligible clinicians agreed to participate in the study. The PSSUQ usability scores ranked poorer than the reference norms (2.95 vs. 2.62). The TAM2 survey favorably ranked acceptance in all domains, except image. Qualitatively, key enablers to workflow integration included clear and accessible data entry, visual representation of recommendations, involvement of specialist clinicians, and local governance of software use. Barriers included rigid data entry systems and nonconformity of recommendations to local practices.

Conclusion Participants scored the MIPD software below the threshold that implies good usability. Factors such as availability of software support by specialist clinicians was important to participants while rigid data entry was found to be a deterrent.
Design approaches for 3D cell culture and 3D bioprinting platforms
Authors: Sreepadmanabh M , Arun Ashitha B. , Bhattacharjee Tapomoy
Published: May 2024

The natural habitat of most cells consists of complex and disordered 3D microenvironments with spatiotemporally dynamic material properties. However, prevalent methods of in vitro culture study cells under poorly biomimetic 2D confinement or homogeneous conditions that often neglect critical topographical cues and mechanical stimuli. It has also become increasingly apparent that cells in a 3D conformation exhibit dramatically altered morphological and phenotypical states. In response, efforts toward designing biomaterial platforms for 3D cell culture have taken centerstage over the past few decades. Herein, we present a broad overview of biomaterials for 3D cell culture and 3D bioprinting, spanning both monolithic and granular systems. We first critically evaluate conventional monolithic hydrogel networks, with an emphasis on specific experimental requirements. Building on this, we document the recent emergence of microgel-based 3D growth media as a promising biomaterial platform enabling interrogation of cells within porous and granular scaffolds. We also explore how jammed microgel systems have been leveraged to spatially design and manipulate cellular structures using 3D bioprinting. The advent of these techniques heralds an unprecedented ability to experimentally model complex physiological niches, with important implications for tissue bioengineering and biomedical applications.
Strain analysis of acrylic pipe under liquid storage pressure
Authors: Dai Changlin , Ma Haichun , Qian Jiazhong , Li Jianping
Published: May 2024

Pipeline transportation is an important engineering component, which is widely used in transporting gas and liquid resources. The safety of the pipeline became the central point of this study. Pipeline deformation caused by liquid storage pressure is of great significance to the safety of pipeline engineering. Previous studies mainly focused on pipe deformation under ring force and less on deformation caused by internal liquid. In this paper, the theoretical results of strain distribution are derived based on elastic mechanics, and the strain distribution equation is established. The effects of the liquid storage pressure, pipe diameter, and pipe length on pipe strain are investigated experimentally. The experimental results are in agreement with the equation. It is found that the strain increases linearly with the increase in reservoir pressure. Under the same length, the larger the pipe diameter is, the larger the pipe strain is when the pipe diameter is 5–10 mm. In the range of 10–15 mm, the average strain is basically unchanged. Under the same pipe diameter, the pipe length has little effect on the average strain. The strain is greatest in the middle of the pipeline and decreases gradually to both sides. The results have important guiding significance for pipeline protection and stress corrosion prevention.
Transient dispersion of reactive solute transport in electrokinetic microchannel flow
Authors: Huang Shan , Debnath Sudip , Roy Ashis Kumar , Wang Jiaming , Jiang Weiquan , Bég O. Anwar , Kuharat S.
Published: May 2024

Motivated by emerging applications in bio-microfluidic devices, the present study rigorously examines the generalized Taylor–Gill hydrodynamic dispersion of a point source solute injected into a microchannel, influenced by a constant axial static electric field along the channel and charged surface with different wall potentials. The solute engages in a first-order irreversible chemical reaction at both the microchannel walls. By incorporating different wall potentials and absorptive coefficients at the lower and upper walls, the current transport model for electro-osmotic flows is extended to encompass a wider range of applications. The solute transport phenomenon is intricately modeled using the unsteady convective diffusion equation. Employing Gill's generalized dispersion model, a concentration decomposition technique, up to the third-order accuracy, we meticulously analyze the transport process. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison between analytical outcomes and numerical simulations using the Brownian Dynamics method is undertaken, enhancing the robustness of the analytical approach. The scattering process is mainly analyzed with the help of exchange, convection, dispersion, and asymmetry coefficients, along with the mean concentration profile. The effect of initial solute release at various vertical locations in the microchannel is shown to exert a considerable impact on all the transport coefficients at initial times.
Enhancement of bubble transport in porous electrodes and catalysts
Authors: Scheel Thomas , Malgaretti Paolo , Harting Jens
Published: May 2024

We investigate the formation and transport of gas bubbles across a model porous electrode/catalyst using lattice Boltzmann simulations. This approach enables us to systematically examine the influence of a wide range of morphologies, flow velocities, and reaction rates on the efficiency of gas production. By exploring these parameters, we identify critical parameter combinations that significantly contribute to an enhanced yield of gas output. Our simulations reveal the existence of an optimal pore geometry for which the product output is maximized. Intriguingly, we also observe that lower flow velocities improve gas production by leveraging coalescence-induced bubble detachment from the electrode/catalyst.
Development of a microfurnace dedicated to in situ scanning electron microscope observation up to 1300 °C. I. Concept, fabrication, and validation
Authors: Mendonça Jérôme , Brau Henri-Pierre , Nogues Dorian , Candeias Antoine , Podor Renaud
Published: May 2024

The development of a new heating system dedicated to in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) experimentation at high temperatures is reported. This system, called FurnaSEM, is a compact microfurnace, enabling heat treatments up to 1300 °C. The choice of materials for the microfurnace is explained. The design of the microfurnace is optimized by iterations of numerical simulations, and the thermal characteristics of the microfurnace are calculated numerically. The numerical results obtained are compared with the thermal characteristics of a manufactured microfurnace, measured on a specially developed dedicated test bench. This test bench includes a working chamber simulating a SEM chamber equipped with a thermal camera. The results obtained during various qualification tests enabled us to determine the main technical characteristics of the FurnaSEM microfurnace: temperature profiles on the sample support surface, energy consumption at high temperatures, and the range of achievable thermal cycles.