bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of katuk leaves extract (Sauropus androgynous) as an antibacterial Vibrio sp. on the survival rate and growth of vannamei shrimp larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Nurfadillah N , Zahara R , Rahimi S A E , Arisa I I , Perdana A W , Dewi C D
Published: March 2021

Vibriosis disease caused by the Vibrio sp. bacteria is one of the problems faced by shrimp farmers, namely the decreased survival rate during the larval period. This study aimed to determine the effect of the ethanol extracts of katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynous) as an antibacterial material on the survival rate and growth performance of vannamei shrimp larvae (Litopenaeus vannamei). This research was conducted at PT. Bibit Unggul Global Gen, Pantai Cermin, Serdang Bedagai North Sumatra, March - April 2019. The extraction evaporation process is carried out at the Unsyiah Faculty of Teacher Training and Education Chemistry Laboratory. Data were analyzed using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 5 treatment levels and 4 replications. The concentration treatment were is: 0 ppm, 600 ppm, 800 ppm, 1000 ppm and 1200 ppm. The sample used was vannamei shrimp larvae which had been infected with vibrio bacteria, then submerged with katuk leaf extract for 8 minutes. The parameters measured in this study were survival rate (SR%), absolute weight growth (g) and absolute length growth (mm), Total Vibrio Count (TVC Cfu/ml) and water quality. The ANOVA test results obtained that the katuk leaf extract (Sauropus androgynous) had a significant effect on survival (SR) and Total Vibrio Count (TVC) in vannamei shrimp larvae (P<0.05) and had no an significant effect on absolute weight growth and absolute length growth (P>0.05). In this study indicated that concentration 1200 ppm produced the highest the survival rate (93%) and the lowest amount of TVC (533 CFU/ml).
The study of Spirobranchus (christmas worms) based on substrate in Lamteung waters of Pulo Aceh, Aceh Besar District
Authors: Mursawal A , Sarong M A , Irham M , Hermi R
Published: March 2021

The objective of this paper is to analyze the number of Spirobranchus (Christmas worms) based on body color in the waters of Lamteung, Pulo Aceh District, Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province and to examine the substrate dominated by individual Spirobranchus in Lamteung waters of Pulo Aceh, Aceh Besar District, Aceh Province. The research activity was carried out in December 2018. The research area was determined by purposive sampling. Areas with Christmas worms were divided into three stations based on the substrate, namely station 1 with a massive coral substrate, station 2 with branched coral substrate, and station 3 with a substrate other than the two. Data were collected by documenting individuals based on color, coral substrate, and coral species occupied by Spirobranchus. The presence of Spirobranchus and its body color were analyzed descriptively. The results obtained were number of Spirobranchus based on body color found in Lamteung waters which occupied a Coral Massive were 13 individuals and occupied the Acropora Digitate were one individu. The dominance index obtained on the Coral Massive substrate was 0.86 and on the Acropora digitate substrate was 0.01. The conclusions obtained that Spirobranchus based on body color which occupies more individuals on the Coral Massive substrate, when compared to Acropora digitate subtrate. Coral Massive substrate type has a high degree of dominance compared to Acropora digitate substrate.
Does online marketing help in promoting fish? case study on fish companies in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Chan S , Fahlevi H , Fadli N , Hasibuan P , Sofyan S E , Rianjuanda  , Syukri M , Saidi T , Dawood R
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to analyze the usage of online marketing as a complement to existing offline marketing practices, with the intent to attenuate financial losses in the fishery industry. The current fish marketing business in Aceh still relies heavily on traditional methods, which, with their limited outreach, cause businesses to incur losses in the form of unsold and degrading fish due to longer waiting times between purchases. Unlike other types of commodities, the shelf life of fresh fish is very short. The longer the fish are kept by the fishermen or traders, the more damaged the products will be. However, the availability of consumers willing to buy the fish at any time is uncertain. This problem can be solved if the products are offered to a wider audience by using online marketing. This research uses descriptive qualitative research that produces descriptive data from respondents or observed behavior. Data were collected through interviews and observations in 3 fish export companies in Banda Aceh. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, based on certain objectives and considerations. The findings suggest that by adding online communication marketing channels to promote fish products, such as Google Ads, as well as joining online marketplace platforms, the risk of suffering losses is reduced.
Effect of addition of fermented restaurant waste meal in artificial feed on the growth of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Andriani Y , Wiyatna M F , Lili W , Zidni I , Sandra M A
Published: March 2021

This research aims to determine the optimal probiotic concentration and to analyze the effect of addition of fermented restaurant waste meal (FRWM) in feed to growth of nile tilapia. The research was carried out from February-June 2019 at Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. This research used experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and three replications. The treatments given consisted of addition of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of FRWM in feed. The parameters observed included changes in the nutritional value of restaurant waste, daily growth rate, survival, feed conversion ratio, and water quality. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. and was further analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range test 5%. The results showed that the addition of 8% probiotic concentration was able to provide the best change in the nutritional quality of restaurant waste by increasing feed protein by 50.83% and decreasing crude fiber by 30.74%. The use of 30% fermented restaurant waste meal in feed gave the highest daily growth rate of 1.57% and the best feed conversion ratio of 0.57 with a survival rate ranging from 75-90%.
Geographic information system application in small islands management (case study: assessment of jetty suitability distribution in Derawan Island)
Authors: Purbani D , Daulat A , Ramdhan M , Kusuma L P A S C
Published: March 2021

Derawan Island, with an area of 35.99 hectares, is a small island in Derawan Archipelago, located in Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The waters in the Derawan archipelago rich in biodiversities such as coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses, so designated as a conservation area in 2016 and currently known as marine tourism destinations in Kalimantan, which contribute to the economy. Tourism in the Derawan islands increased significantly along with supporting infrastructures such as hotels, restaurants, and jetties. A study on jetty facilities conducted by comparing the changes of jetties infrastructure in Derawan island, wherein 2003, the jetties area was 6,977 m2, while in 2018, about 66,011 m2. Changes of jetties area mostly occurred in the western and southern parts of the island due to safety reasons, bathymetry, and hydrodynamic conditions. This condition raised an issue concerning water quality, aesthetics, and natural condition, decreasing its beauty and impact on the tourism sector. Spatial analysis for jetty distribution using GIS carried out and resulted in recommendations where the maximum number of jetties needed was five units with a length of about 70 m towards the sea. This recommendation may also be used to provide an alternative location for a jetty in Derawan Island in the future.
Morphometric analysis of three species gourami group (Osphronemidae) from Aceh waters, Indonesia
Authors: Perdana A W , Batubara A S , Nur F M , Syahril A , Muchlisin Z A
Published: March 2021

The objective of the present study was to analyze the morphometric character of the three species within Gourami group, namely Trichopsis vittata, Trichopodus pectoralis and Trichopodus trichopterus. The T. vittata samples were collected from Aceh Tamiang District, the T. pectoralis were collected from Aceh Besar District, and the T. trichopterus were collected from Aceh Jaya District, Indonesia. A total 150 individual of fish samples (50 individual of every species) were measured for traditional morphometric characters. The results of univariate (ANOVA) analysis showed that all morphometric characters measured in three fish species were significantly different (P <0.05). Multivariate (Discriminant function analysis, DFA) analysis showed that T. pectoralis and T. trichopterus have more similar morphological characteristics, whereas T. vittata was discriminated distinctly. These results confirm that the level of relationship between T. trichopterus and T. pectoralis is closer than T. vittata.
Population dynamics of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the northern and western waters of Aceh
Authors: Damora A , Fazilla F , Perdana A W , Rahmah A , Aprilla R M , Salmarika S
Published: March 2021

Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is a pelagic fish species that have important economic value in the northern and western waters of Aceh. Skipjack tuna is one of the dominant catch fish landed at the Fishing Port of Kutaraja, Banda Aceh. The dynamics population of skipjack tuna in the northern and western waters of Aceh need to be done to get information on the status of skipjack tuna in ocean. This research aims to determine the dynamic parameters of the population of skipjack tuna based on the growth parameters, length and weight relationship, length distribution, length at the first capture, mortality, and exploitation rate. The data collection was conducted in February to March 2020, located at the Fishing Port of Kutaraja, Lampulo, Banda Aceh. A total of 166 sample, were measured with stratified random sampling method. The FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools (FiSAT) program was used by analyze growth parameter, mortality parameters, and exploitation rate. The results showed that has a negative allometric growth pattern, with a length of fork length (FL) ranging from 25-51 cm. The length of first capture was 38,2 cm. The asymptotic length (L∞) of skipjack tuna was 84,78 cm with K value of 0.22/year and. The estimated natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F), and total mortality (Z) were 0,5/year, 1.55/year, and 2.99/year respectively. The exploitation rate (E) of skipjack tuna was 0.83/year that indicated skipjack tuna in the Northern and Western waters of Aceh over-exploited.
Physical and chemical characteristics of soil in mangrove ecosystem based on differences habitat in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar
Authors: Dewiyanti I , Darmawi D , Muchlisin Z A , Helmi T Z , Imelda I , Defira C N
Published: March 2021

Mangrove is a plant type influenced by tides action along the tropical coastlines. The tidal type will affect the soil properties, growth of soil microorganisms, and mangrove distribution. The purposes of the study were to analyzing the characteristics of mangrove soil in different habitat type including physical and chemical properties. The research was conducted in mangrove rehabilitation as site 1 and non-rehabilitation as site 2. This research was conducted from April 2020 to September 2020. Analysis of soil properties were consisted of substrate texture, pH, salinity, Organic Carbon, N-total, and P-available. These analyses carried out in Soil Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The determining of sampling location was done by using random stratified sampling method. Data were collected at 6 stations divided into 3 stations each site. The criteria for each station was based on tidal inundation. Each station was sampled randomly at three depths, namely 0-15 cm (top layer), 15-30 (sub layer) cm, and 30-45 cm (bottom). Soil textures in study areas were loamy sand, sandy loam, dusty loam, and clay in site 1, while in site 2 the soil textures were sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loamy sand, and dusty loam. The high sand and low clay percentage produce the average of organic carbon in the medium, low and very low categories, the organic carbon ranged from 0.25% to 2.18% in site 1 and 0.62% to 1.73% in site 2. The N and P content in site 1 and site 2 were ranged from 0.02% to 0.13%; 25.30% to 68.15% and from 0.04% to 0.11%; 2.60% to 37.85%, respectively. The pH average of mangrove soils indicated that the pH category was neutral, slightly alkaline, slightly acidic in site 1. In site 2 the pH categories were slighly alkaline, neutral, slightly acidic, and acidic. The soil salinity values at different sites indicated high and very high salinity.
Fucoxanthin: a marine carotenoid has anticancer activities and apoptosis-inducing effect (a review)
Authors: Noviendri D , Hasrini R F , Taher M
Published: March 2021

Fucoxanthin, a natural xanthophyll carotenoid, is generally found in brown seaweeds, such as Sargassum duplicatum, Turbinaria turbinata, Padina australis, Undaria pinnatifida, and Laminaria japonica; and microalga or diatom such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Isochrysis galbana and Odontella sinensis. Fucoxanthin is a marine xanthophyll exhibiting several anticancer activities, such as anticancer activities against leukemia, prostate, cervical, hepatoma, colon, and lung cancer. Cancer disease is frequently considered to be a disease of the cell cycle. Then, apoptosis is a dominant form of cell death with particular relevance to cancer, characterized initially by a series of stereotypic morphological changes, such as condensation and fragmentation of chromatin shrinking of cytoplasmic (cell shrinkage), a decrease in cell volume and alterations to the plasma membrane, mitochondrial depolarization, membrane blebbing, and cell packaging into apoptotic bodies or formation of apoptotic bodies. In general, there are four techniques for the detection of apoptosis, namely: (1). morphological changes analysis using an inverted microscope, scanning electron microscope, fluorescent microscope, (2) gel electrophoresis, (3). immunohistochemistry (e.g., analysis of caspase-3), and (4) flow cytometry.
Campaign “BOTAK” (bogor without plastic bags) as an environmental communication model for reducing plastic waste in marine environment
Authors: Mihardja E J , Komsiah S , Harmaningsih D
Published: March 2021

Plastic waste is one of the environmental problems facing Indonesia, which is called a plastic waste emergency country. Plastic waste has the potential to damage the ecosystem of living creatures in the sea and has a major impact on human life. Thus, special efforts are needed to reduce the dangers of plastic waste, including by switching to environmentally friendly shopping bags is one form of environmental innovation (eco-innovation) which aims to save the environment from plastic waste. This study aims to determine strategies to reduce the use of plastic bags carried out by the Bogor city government. This research is qualitative using the case study method. Data were collected through interviews, document analysis, literature study, and observation. The results show that the campaign carried out by the government needs to be supported by a more comprehensive approach by raising public awareness of the dangers of plastic waste from upstream to downstream so that a plastic bag dumped in a river in Bogor might end up killing whales at sea.
The Substitution of soybean meal by fermented tofu dregs in the milkfish (Chanos chanos) diet
Authors: Putra D F , Muhsinah M , Arisa I I
Published: March 2021

This study aims to investigate the effect of fermented tofu dregs as feed raw material to substitute soybean flour in the milkfish (Chanos chanos) formulated feed. The research was conducted from April to May 2019 at the Ujung Batee Brackish Water Aquaculture Center, Mesjid Raya District, Aceh Besar Indonesia. A total of 200 milkfish (Chanos chanos) fry from 1-2 cm total length were randomly put in a volume of 25 liters per container. Fish were fed at 3 % body weight daily to apparent satiation twice a day (9:00 and 16:00) for 40 days. A completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications was used with different fermented dregs tofu substitution rate ie, 0% (A), 5% (B), 10% (C), 15% (D) and 20% (E). ANOVA test results showed that the substitution of soybean flour with different doses of fermented dregs flour showed significant different (P<0.05) in absolute weight gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion rate and feed utilization rate. However there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the survival rate of the fish in all the treatments. It is concluded that the recommended concentration of fermented dregs tofu added into milkfish (Chanos chanos) diet was 10%.
Identification of microplastic waste in sea water, sediment in the sea waters of Dumai City, Riau Province
Authors: Yoswaty D , Feliatra  , Amin B , Nursyirwani  , Mardalisa  , Zientika  , Fatwa E B , Pakpahan D
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the types of microplastics in the waters of Dumai City. The method used in this research is a survey method, namely by direct observation in the field and data analysis in the laboratory. Based on research from seawater and sediment taken from seawater in Dumai City, it was found three types of microplastics, referred to as Fiber, Fragment and Filament, whose abundance was significantly different. The average abundance of microplastics in seawater is 0.130-0.200 particles / L particles / L; The sediment was 193.33-746.67 particles/Kg.
A Conceptual Framework on Technology Integration in English Writing Flipped Classroom
Authors: Sharom K. , Kew S.N.
Published: March 2021

As the education world revolves to Education 4.0, flipped classroom is seen to be one of the learning approaches that best described the future learning. Flipped classroom ticks every pillar for Internet of Things which are things, people, process and data. In flipped classroom, the things are the devices that the students use, such as computer, tablet or smartphone. The people that are involved in flipped classroom are teachers and students. The process that happened is teaching and learning. The data is transmitted through educational platform such as Google Classroom and Microsoft Teams. Flipped classroom transforms the conventional classroom by flipping the theoretical part to be done before the class and making the class to be student-centered and focusing to the practicality part of the lesson. Nonetheless, the research on flipped classroom is still limited in Malaysia, especially the primary school English language students. Hence, this paper aims to fill in this research gap by designing a conceptual framework for flipped classroom in teaching English writing to cater primary students with aims to improve students’ writing performance and motivation. The correlation between students’ writing performance and motivation will be observed too. In this respect, the proposed framework is integrated with technology based on Internet of Things, 21st century learning, social constructivist theory, Bloom’s revised taxonomy and motivational model. By using this conceptual framework, a set of teaching module is developed and to be implemented in English writing class for primary school students. This research also aims to use a mixed-method research design with three different instruments; writing test, questionnaire and interview to test its effectiveness, as it is believed that the implementation of flipped classroom can improve students’ English writing performance and their motivation. 64 students will be the participants of this study and they will be divided into two groups, control group and experimental group. Control group will go through conventional English writing class while experimental group will experience flipped classroom. The findings of this study will be beneficial for ESL teachers, ESL primary students and Ministry of Education.
Critical Thinking Analysis Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)
Authors: Syazwani Dollah N , M Kamal M.A
Published: March 2021

Critical thinking which is also known as creative thinking, is a fundamental skill needed to solve any problems in our life. The behaviour of critical thinking involves reviewing the results of the application of decisions made and implementing change where possible. It also happens when someone aims to achieve the best possible outcomes in any situation. It plays an important role in innovation, development, and health. Hence, knowing someone’s critical thinking behaviour is essential to improve one’s ability. However, to have good critical thinking skill is very challenging without understanding its features and biological behaviour. To understand the critical thinking behaviour based on cognitive function and neural activities, the psychological research methods and principles from neuroscience are necessary. Thus, this study aims to analyse critical thinking behaviour in the human brain by looking on the Hemodynamic Response Function (HRF). The instrument used in this study is a functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) device, called Wearable Optical Topography (WOT-100) with 16 channels where it measured the HRF of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxy-hemoglobin (HbR) concentration and Platform Optical Topographic Analysis Tools (POTATo) developed by HITACHI performed the pre-processing of raw data. Experimental results show that the mean concentration of HbO measured for High Scores (HS) group at right and left PFC were slightly difference with concentration value of 17.6945mol/μm and 17.3514mol/μm while for Low Scores (LS) group shows the mean concentration of HbO at left PFC was higher than right PFC with concentration value of 25.0353mol/μm and 14.2499mol/µm respectively. Hence, these results show that the LS group tend to use their left PFC during task given due to laborious decision-making process happen influences by time duration subjects answering the tasks. Therefore, these results suggest an imperative role for individual differences in their neural activation. The outcome of this study highlights the significance of individual differences and their cognitive preference and potentials in performance of functional tasks such as attention, creativity, imagery, decision making and working memory that leads to critical thinking behaviour.
The effect of pore geometry on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed bone scaffold due to compressive loading
Authors: Jahir-Hussain M J , Maaruf N A , Esa N E F , Jusoh N
Published: March 2021

Bone substitutes are derived from biological products or synthetic bone substitutes such as ceramics, polymers, metals, and organic or non-organic bone substitutes. Emerging three-dimensional (3D)-printing technologies are enabling the fabrication of bone scaffold with the precise specifications. 3D-printing allows controlled material placement for configuring porous tissue scaffolds with tailored properties such as mechanical stiffness, nutrient transport, and biological growth. Therefore, bone scaffolds with good biological and mechanical properties are needed to be used as a bone substitute in bone tissue engineering. However, inadequate mechanical strength is the major problem in current bone scaffolds fabrication. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design and to simulate the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) bone scaffold with different pore geometries, which are circular, square, hexagonal and triangular. The scaffolds were designed and were simulated by using SolidWorks in determining the mechanical properties. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the PLA bone scaffold indicates that scaffolds with hexagonal pore shape has compressive strength of 241.0 MPa, which is matches with the human bone properties.
Automativ assessment of systolic cardiac performance using PEP/LVET index
Authors: Mohamed Sameh A , Abbas M A , Hazem M , Abd Elazeem M H
Published: March 2021

Congestive cardiac failure is one of the deadliest diseases in the world, with more than 26 million patients. Echocardiogram and angiography consider as the gold standards for heart failure diagnosis. Nevertheless, they are not commonly used for long-term follow up as they need highly skilled and experienced operator. In this paper, a simple and low-cost system for automatic assessment of systolic cardiac performance using systolic cardiac intervals is presented. The proposed system utilized electrocardiogram (ECG) and phonocardiogram (PCG) to calculate pre-ejection period (PEP) and left ventricle ejection time (LVET). The ratio between PEP and LVET was computed to assess the performance of the systolic cardiac function. ECG and PCG were acquired using a commercial stethoscope which was modified to convert PCG auscultation to electrical signals. ECG and PCG signals were digitized and transferred to a personal computer. A custom MATLAB application was designed to display the acquired ECG and PCG, and to compute PEP, LVET, and PEP/LVET ratio. The system was tested on 17 healthy subjects and results showed high agreement between the systolic heart function status assessed by the proposed system and the corresponding echocardiography results. These results imply that the proposed system could be used for long-term follow up for patients with congestive heart failure.
Computerized Maintenance Management System in IR4.0 Adaptation - A State of Implementation Review and Perspective
Authors: Mohd Noor H , Mazlan S A , Amrin A
Published: March 2021

Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) is a software package that stores computer databases of information about maintenance operations, evolving in the 1960s as the era of computational and mathematical systems began. Since then, the evolution of CMMS has continued to evolve with the ready availability of technology and requirements. While industry 4.0, refers to a new phase in the transformation of the industrial revolution (IR) focusing on digitization, automation, machine learning and real-time data. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the implementation of CMMS in revolution adjustment by investigating the functions of the IR4.0 in automation process and analysing the maintenance operations. The paper solely focused on the functionality of this system’s implementation attributes to the ability of the system integration to logically concept of IR4.0. This paper is also examined issues related to organizational and supplier readiness in integrating the IR4.0 concept into CMMS. In addition, by implementing CMMS based on IR4.0 enablement, it can have a significant impact on work processes, forward analysis, operations and maintenance costs.
4-Hydroxybenzohydrazide: A Potential Reactivator for Malathion-Inhibited Human Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Mohamed R A , Ong K K , Halim N Abdul , Mohd. Kasim N A , Mohd. Noor S A , Knight VF , Muhamad R , Abdul Latif N S , Arif H , Wan Yunus W MZ
Published: March 2021

For years, oximes are used as antidotes for organophosphate (OP) poisoning treatments. However, due to the limitations of oxime therapy, the discovery of new group of antidotes that are effective for OP poisoning treatments is desirable. A number of chemicals have been in-silico screened for their potential as malathion-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) poisoning antidotes. This screening narrows down the selection of the compounds to be synthesized, therefore reduce the time and cost needed to produce the reactivators. YASARA, a bioinformatics tool was used to perform the docking study of malathion-inhibited human AChE and reactivator-malathion inhibited AChE complexations. Fourteen potential compounds were chosen for the estimation of their binding energies and nucleophilic attack distances with malathion inhibited AChE complexes to determine their antidote capabilities. A commercially available antidote, 2-PAM was used for the comparison. Based on their energies and nucleophilic attack distance with malathion-inhibited human AChE, 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide, could also be used as the antidotes.
Lightweight Hybrid Encryption System with FPGA Design Proposal
Authors: Mostafaa H , Eisaa S M , Issaa H H , Shaker N H
Published: March 2021

Security and privacy issues of limited resources communications such as the internet of things (IoT) applications have caught significant attention. Traditional security solutions are not optimal for limited resources devices due to resource constraints in terms of computing capacity and memory and energy. Elliptic curves cryptosystems (ECC) is efficient for limited resources devices more than other public-key cryptosystems as it provides the same security level with reduced key sizes compared with other security techniques. In this paper, we introduce a lightweight hybrid encryption system that uses a key exchange algorithm based on the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) protocol. In addition, a lightweight version of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a block cipher is proposed in order to use the exchanged key for data encryption. The simulation is done using SageMath Tool and the results show that the proposed lightweight AES provide an accepted security level with lower computing capacity. Finally, we proposed a hardware top level design for FPGA implementation.
Performance Enhancement of Massive MIMO Using Deep Learning-Based Channel Estimation
Authors: Helmy H M N , Daysti S El , Shatila H , Aboul-Dahab M
Published: March 2021

Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (massive MIMO) system relies on channel state information (CSI) feedback to perform precoding and achieve performance gain in frequency division duplex (FDD) networks. However, transmission of massive MIMO system is subject to excessive feedback overhead. In this paper, we propose a Deep Learning (DL) approach-based channel estimation technique to enhance the performance of massive MIMO system. This technique is used to enhance recovery quality and improve trade-off between compression ratio (CR) and complexity of massive MIMO system. The proposed technique is based upon using the Channel State Information Network combined with gated recurrent unit (CsiNet-GRU). Moreover, the dropout method is used in the proposed technique to reduce overfitting during the learning process. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CsiNet-GRU technique results in a significant improvement in performance when compared with existing techniques used in conjunction with massive MIMO systems.
Characterization of Objects based on the Polarization Tensor: Nature versus Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ahmad Khairuddin Taufiq Khairi , Yunos Nurhazirah Mohamad , Sukri Suzarina Ahmed
Published: March 2021

Describing the perturbation in electric or electromagnetic fields due to conductivity contrast could be essential to improve many industrial applications. The applications include electrical imaging such as electrical impedance tomography, electrical resistivity tomography and metal detectors. In this case, understanding the perturbation helps, for examples, to improve reconstruction of images for medical purposes or reduce the possibility of detecting nonthreat objects during security screening with metal detectors. One way to describe the perturbation in electric or electromagnetic fields due to the presence of a conducting object in the region of the field is to use the terminology called as polarization tensor, where, polarization tensor can then be used to describe and characterize the presented object. Mathematically, polarization tensor can be defined in terms of boundary value problems of a PDE or also as integral equations in an asymptotic series. In this paper, the applications of polarization tensor are highlighted specifically to characterize object. The examples included are in the natural electric fish and also in an artificial intelligence. It is proposed to relate all studies in the future to improve the related applications using polarization tensor.
Enhancing the efficiency of electric vehicle’s motor using electro-mechanical continuously variable transmission
Authors: Shakizar W A S W , Mazali I I , Daud Z H C , Kob M S C , Paimon A S , Asus Z , Doumin A M , Talib M. H. A.
Published: March 2021

Over the last decades, significant progress has been made on the technologies of battery electric vehicle (BEV) powertrain system. As a result, the driving mileage of the latest EVs has been improved tremendously, making the ownership of BEV more viable now. Nevertheless, even with the latest progress, the driving mileage of a BEV is still generally lower as compared to the vehicle with an advanced internal combustion engine. Thus, this paper investigates the potential of increasing the mileage of a BEV further by using electro-mechanical continuously variable transmission (EMCVT) in its powertrain system. The purpose of the EMCVT is to allow the electric motor used in the BEV powertrain system to operate in its most efficient condition for a wide range of vehicle’s speeds. This condition is defined using the efficiency mapping of a typical electric motor applied in the existing BEVs. Based on this mapping, the motor’s efficiency when used with EMCVT is compared with the efficiency of the same motor when used with a single speed transmission for various vehicle speeds. In this investigation, the efficiency of the EM CVT is considered at 75% to 95%, and the BEV with EMCVT is considered to be 80 kg heavier than the BEV using a single speed transmission. The comparison between the BEV with and without EMCVT shows that the application of EMCVT allows the motor to operate in its most efficient condition for a wider range of the vehicle’s velocity. However, the improved motor’s efficiency is compromised by the losses in the EMCVT, making it challenging to achieve lower power consumption during driving. Therefore, to achieve meaningful improvement in terms of power consumption, the efficiency of the EMCVT has to be higher than 85%.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Vibration Power Flow of Thin Plate Using Cross Power Spectral Density Based Technique
Authors: Nyein O K , Aminudin B A , Asnizah S
Published: March 2021

The application of thin plates as elements of machines and vehicles component working under various operational condition causes degradation and occurrence of damage. Hence, it is extremely important to identify the dynamic characteristic and the vibration power flow of the thin structure that indicates magnitude and direction of vibration power distribution, and transmission path. This study aims to examine the potential changes in the dynamic characteristics and the vibration power flow of the thin plate at its’ first four natural frequencies. The numerical modal analysis and the experimental modal analysis of the thin plate was conducted in the first step. The vibration power flow was measured utilizing the cross power spectral density-based technique which was validated with the results from calculation. The power flow maps of the plate at the first four natural frequencies are presented. The visualization utilizing vector plot and streamline shows the vibration power flow direction, magnitude, and transmission paths in the plate. The results show that the higher frequency, the path of the vibration power flow become more complicated. This research proposed a measuring method, through simple calculation and visualization of vibration power flow of the plate that may give a contribution to the design phase in manufacturing sectors, the manufacturer, and structural health monitoring.
Soil Erosion Morphology of An Embankment Failure
Authors: Mohamed Yusof Z , Abd. Wahab A K , Ismail Z , Amerudin S
Published: March 2021

Embankments are essential infrastructure, are built to provide flood control. It also presents risks to property and life due to their potential to fail and cause catastrophic flooding. To mitigate these risks, authorities and regulators need to carefully analyse and inspect dams to identify potential failure modes and protect against them. This paper presents an embankment failure morphology, and the amount of erosion occurred due to overtopping flow. The breached morphology is analysed for an embankment slope of 1V:3H, using a medium sand grain size of non-cohesive soil in the laboratory. The embankment height is 0.1 m and tested with inflows rate of Q = 0.8 ×10−3 m3/s. Experimental results showed that the breached peak discharge is affected by the morphology of the embankment breached. The volume lost calculation of the embankment erosion was calculated using SURFER 8, indicating the volume of 0.0096 m3 with the peak breached discharge of 3.63 x 10−3 m3/s. The study concludes that the embankment volume lost is about 41%, and the characteristics of the embankment failures influence its morphology patterns.
GIS-Based Crisis Response System for Electric Distribution Utility: A Case Study Of Covid-19 Pandemic In Malaysia
Authors: Kamil N M F N M , Razak K A , Mat Yatim F , Hidzir A H
Published: March 2021

COVID-19 pandemic has impacted 188 countries, with more than 6 million infected people, and Malaysia is not exceptional. With stringent control measures and rapid action by multi-sectoral agencies, Malaysia is only a few countries that collectively managed to reduce the number of human and economic losses, far better than the projection. Critical infrastructure remained intact and full of functionality during the unprecedented crisis. The supply and demand by the electric utility companies are of utmost critical to support the Government of Malaysia’s decision in infective prevention and control, rapid response, epidemiological forecasting, pandemic supply chain coordination, continuity of essential service, surveillance, and risk communication. To survive on this new normal, the business and operations of the utilities must rely on good data, advanced technology, and science-based decision support. This article presents local practices and experiences by GIS Distribution Network (GISDN), a project unit in the Distribution Network (DN) division of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) to co-support the decisions mentioned above. GISDN has supported the TNB Crisis Management Team (CMT) of the Kuala Lumpur and Selangor state, starting from the Movement Control Order (MCO) for COVID-19 pandemic response in Klang Valley. Maps and statistics of TNB assets in the areas of Enhanced Movement Control Order (EMCO) intelligently delivered by GISDN for use by the CMT groups. In the case of EMCO at Selangor Mansion and Malayan Mansion, geographical information provided to ensure the reliable electricity supply from 40 substations in the total lockdown area that involving around 6,000 residents in 365 residential and commercial units. The web-GIS application dashboard for CMT also developed by GISDN to monitor the status of more than 214 gazetted quarantine stations in Kuala Lumpur. Besides, the web-GIS dashboard application for the situational awareness of COVID-19 based on administrative boundaries in Klang Valley delivered to support the Standard of Operating Procedure (SOP) for Return to Work (RTW) program in GISDN, especially for the use of for site-work approval. These geospatial deliverables and web-GIS dashboard applications aid better visualization, risk-informed forecasting, and response planning for TNB to cope with COVID-19 clusters and zones updated by MOH on the daily basis. In conclusion, this study provides a new insight into the future advancement of spatiotemporal GIS capability, its intelligent architecture design, and an evidence-based decision support system to reduce pandemic risk in the future.
Prevention of Soil Erosion Using Microalgae in Malaysia
Authors: Kuwabara T , Iwamoto K , Hara H , Yamaguchi T , Mohamad S E , Abdullah N , Khudzari J Md , Othman F S
Published: March 2021

With rapid urbanization and economic development, soil erosion may occur at an alarming rate causing serious environmental problems globally including Malaysia. The current control methods such as ground covers and slope drains are expensive and not eco-friendly. Therefore, Biological Soil Crust (BSC) method can be a better alternative to prevent the soil erosion. However, most studies were focusing on in temperate and dry areas. In this work, our objectives were i) to cultivate Malaysia’s indigenous species BSC forming algae, ii) to culture the algal strain in POME medium at different concentrations, and iii) to test soil erosion in the presence of BSC. Our results have shown that algal growth had increased with the decrease of POME concentration; the algal growth was highest at the concentration of 20%. Also, the results from soil erosion tests have demonstrated that soil covered with BSC has improved soil stability by 135% compared to the soil without BSC. This suggests that BSC application is promising in preventing soil erosion. This paper is the first of its kind with the aim of providing an information on the isolation of Malaysia’s local strain in palm oil mill effluent (POME) for BSC application in the tropical climate region.
Performance Characteristics of Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine with Tidal Current Interaction
Authors: Hannan M A , Ahmed Y A , Zaid N D B , Kamal I Z M
Published: March 2021

This study presents results from the numerical analysis of the performance of the Horizontal Axis Tidal Turbine under the influence of current from various directions. The sliding mesh in ANSYS Fluent is used to simulate the rotating turbine. The realizable K-ε model is used to model the turbulence. The ANSYS model is verified against experimental data by comparing the power coefficient for various velocities of tidal current coming from zero-degree direction. After that, the effects of tidal current directions are investigated by considering nine approaching angles. It is found that the maximum Power Coefficient occurs when the direction of incoming flow is parallel to the rotational axis of the turbine, regardless of incoming flow velocity. Thrust coefficient, on the other hand, found to reach the maximum when deflection of incoming flow is 15°. In an actual marine environment, it is difficult to ensure that the incoming flow of water will always be parallel to the rotating axis of the turbine. Therefore, to ensure efficient energy capturing, it is suggested that the flow directions should be kept within 15° from the rotational axis of the turbine, especially for low incoming velocity.
Power Coefficient Estimation of Floating Axis Wind Turbine by Lifting Line Theory
Authors: Senga H , Akimoto H , Fukai K
Published: March 2021

In the development of the offshore wind turbine, the horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) with fixed foundation is the mainstream in the world. However, the floating type wind turbine is advantageous for Japan because the seas near Japan are deep. It is difficult for the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) to utilize its advantages on land. Meanwhile, VAWT is suitable for the floating type wind turbine because its gravity center is low. Besides, the performance of VAWT is hard to decrease if the rotor inclines. Among the VAWTs, the target of this research is the floating axis wind turbine (FAWT) which is expected to further reduction of the electricity cost. In this research, the performance of FAWT is estimated by QBlade which is based on the lifting line theory. The estimated power coefficient (Cp) of the 5MW FAWT is 0.49 and it is comparable with that of HAWT.
Natural Cellulosic Adsorbent for Recovery of Nitrate from Aquaculture Effluent
Authors: Chong M M , Tan L S , Jusoh N W C , Goto M , Tsuji T
Published: March 2021

Nitrogen based nutrients are among the main components in aquaculture effluent to cause eutrophication condition, as it may cause algal bloom and depletion in oxygen once its concentration reaches the threshold. Nitrogen based nutrients are released into water in a form of nitrate after going through nitrification and denitrification. Cellulose based adsorbent are increasingly gaining attention due to its adsorption capability which comes in useful for recovery of nitrogen based nutrients. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of powder cellulose as a potential natural cellulosic adsorbent for the recovery of nitrate ions in water under a constant pH 6.6. The uptake of nitrate by natural cellulosic adsorbent was investigated with variation of parameters such as initial concentration of 5.0 mg L−1 and 30.0 mg L−1, adsorbent dosage of 5.0 mg and 40.0 mg, temperature of 25.0 °C and 45.0 °C, and contact time of 10 minutes and 60 minutes. The experiment was conducted based on the experiment design by Design Expert Version 11 software in order to observe the recovery percentage of powder cellulose in different condition. The best recovery percentage was achieved at the condition of 5.0 mg L−1, 5.0 mg, 25.0 °C and 10 minutes with 96.50 % of recovery. This shows that the electrostatic force of attraction between powdered cellulose and nitrate anion nutrients have the potential to occur without heat and vacant pores around powdered cellulose was filled by nitrate anions in a limited amount of time. The model for the experiment which is most suited in this experiment is a natural log with a significant R2 value of 0.9982. This indicates that the adsorption of nitrate anion nutrients using natural cellulose adsorbent is indeed feasible. Therefore, there are potential of using cellulose extracted from biomasses in Malaysia, which will expand its product-value.
Landfill Leachate Treatment Methods and Its Potential for Ammonia Removal and Recovery - A Review
Authors: Haslina H , NorRuwaida J , Dewika M , Rashid M , Md Ali Abd Halim , Khairunnisa M P , Afiq Daniel Azmi M
Published: March 2021

As a fast-developing country, the population, urbanization and industrialization have developed rapidly in Malaysia. The growth in population increases human activities, leading to a rise in the generation of waste. Municipal solid waste in Malaysia is currently estimated to rise from 23,000 tons/day in 2010 to 30,000 tons/day in 2020. Due to its simplicity and low costs, landfilling is the most common method in the country. However, there are various environmental drawbacks associated with landfills that have attracted social and environmental attention in recent decades. One of the key issues is the generation of leachate from the percolation of rainwater by waste disposal in a landfill. Landfill leachate contains many pollutants including ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) which is a particular concern due to its high concentration in leachate. High concentration of ammonia not only causes health and environmental problems but also affects the efficiency of leachate treatment. Therefore, a pre-treatment to remove ammonia is required before downstream treatment to prevent contamination to the surrounding ground and surface water. In general, leachate can be characterized by physico-chemical and biological parameters. Leachate characterization is essential to evaluate the leachate pollution potentials in the landfill site and to determine the treatment methods. Hence, the present review highlights the recent development of landfill leachate treatment methods and its potential for ammonia removal and recovery. Rather than releasing the extracted ammonia directly into the environment that causes air pollution, ammonia from the stripping process can be recovered and used to produce fertilizers. This review also contributes to the body of knowledge of the ammonia stripping treatment in terms of its efficiency and its application for leachate treatment.