bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixtures of fluopyram and abamectin for management of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato
Authors: Li Qing-Qing , Li Jing-Jing , Yu Qi-Tong , Shang Ze-Yu , Xue Chao-Bin
Published: January 2021

The southern root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, causes significant damage to vegetable production and is a major problem in greenhouse tomatoes. The effect of a combination of fluopyram and abamectin, at a mass ratio of 1:5, was studied for RKN control. Pot trials showed that fluopyram, abamectin, and their combination at three dosages increased the height, stem diameter, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and the root length of tomato plants. The RKN control efficacy of the 1:5 combination at 450 g a.i./ha was 74.06% at 30 days after transplanting (DAT), and the control efficacy of the combination at 337.5 and 450 g a.i./ha differed significantly from those of other treatments at 60 DAT. The root-galling index (RGI) control efficacy of the combination at 450 g a.i./ha and of fluopyram (41.7% SC) only at 450 g a.i./ha were better than the control efficacies of other treatments, and these two treatments significantly increased root activity. Field trial results showed that the soil nematode control efficacy was similar to that of the pot trials at 30 and 60 DAT. The RGI control efficacy of the combination at 337.5 and 450 g a.i./ha and of fluopyram (41.7% SC) only at 450 g a.i./ha differed significantly from those of the two other treatments. The tomato yields of the 1:5 combination at 450 g a.i./ha were increased by 24.07 and 23.22% compared to the control in field trials during two successive years. The combination of fluopyram and abamectin provides good nematode measure, and it can increase tomato yields. It provides an effective solution for the integrated management of southern RKN.
Human security, marginality and precariousness in Southeast Asia
Authors:   Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei, Carnegie Paul J. , King Victor T. ,   Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei, Knudsen Magne ,   Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
Published: January 2021

Besides the more obvious threats and impediments to human security posed by conflict or natural disaster, a central problem in examining and addressing multiple insecurities in Southeast Asia is at what level. Each country confronts a different context of human security and faces a host of intersecting circumstances that render situational day-to-day forms of precariousness difficult to recognise and interpret. How then are we to proceed? This article considers a range of social science concepts and approaches (which have not been brought together in this form before) and their utility for investigating human security in the region. It argues that more disaggregated and grounded perspectives can open the way for human security to gain fuller analytical purchase on contemporary marginality and precariousness in Southeast Asia.
Modern anticoagulant therapy in atrial fifi brillation patients
Authors:   RM Analytics, Kalinina Nadezhda
Published: January 2021

The atrial fibrillation (AF) is detected in almost 2% of the general population, and its prevalence is continuously rising as the population is aging. Stroke is the most severe complication of AF and its risk can be significantly reduced by using oral anticoagulants [1].
Semantic and Modal Analysis of Some Verbs in Kurdish, Turkish and English
Authors: BABAYİĞİT Mehmet Veysi
Published: January 2021

Dil, küresel varlığımızı bir arada tutan bir zamktır. Şiir ve yazılarla ufukta ilk kez ortaya görünen İngilizce; modern dönemdeki lingua franca (ortak dil)’dir. Disiplinler arası boyutuyla modern bir bilim dalı olan dilbilim, sadece modern dilleri değil, aynı zamanda Kürtçe ve Türkçe gibi eski dillere de uygulanmaktadır ve tüm dilleri kapsamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, üç dili karşılaştırmak makuldür. Bu çalışma, dilin başlangıç noktası olarak alınan fiil üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Zaman ve fiil anlamsal yapısı açısından bazı fiiller incelenmiş ve betimlenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri çeşitli kitap, makale ve dergilerden toplanmıştır. Oluş, durum ve iş-kılış fiillerinin örnekleri; modern anlamdaki zamanın benimsendiğini ve evrensel olduğunu göstermektedir. İngilizce, zamanın anlamını iletmek için yardımcı fiiller kullanır.
Investigation and evaluation of water literacy of urban residents in China based on data correction method
Authors: Tian Kang , Wang Han , Wang Yanrong
Published: January 2021

This study proposes an evaluation index system of water literacy levels. Thirty-one provincial capitals in mainland China were selected for the survey. The preliminary evaluation results were revised to obtain the comprehensive evaluation value of water literacy. The results of the questionnaire show that the water literacy score is relatively high, but the water behavior score is relatively low; the modified evaluation results are closer to the actual water literacy level of urban residents; and the comprehensive evaluation value of water literacy has a certain correlation with the distribution of water resources in China. The research results can provide theoretical support for China's future work to improve citizens’ water literacy, and the water sector can formulate policies that are more in line with China's water resource status based on the level of water literacy, differences in water behavior, and water resource distribution.
Evaluating the effects of climate change on groundwater level in the Varamin plain
Authors: Azizi Hamidreza , Ebrahimi Hossein , Mohammad Vali Samani Hossein , Khaki Vida
Published: January 2021

In this research, a number of paired three-dimensional Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCM) from CMIP (Climate Model Inter Comparison Project) 5 group with the base period of 1989–2005 have been evaluated and the output of these models was micro-scaled and calibrated by LARS-WG software. The appropriate model was selected to simulate temperature and rainfall data under the emission scenarios of RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for the future period of 2020–2050, and then to model the groundwater level of the region, GMS software for both stable and transient states for one water year was calibrated and then was validated by observation data. The results in the future periods showed an increase of 1–1.5 degrees in temperature and an increase in rainfall in the early months of the year to late spring season and a decrease in rainfall in autumn season. Generally, the RCP4.5 scenario showed slightly more annual rainfall increase over the next 30 years compared to the base period than the other two scenarios. The time series investigation of the average of groundwater level shows that the implementation of RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios respectively leads to an average monthly increase of 4.2, 4.3 and 4.6 cm of the groundwater level.
Primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy. Review of literature
Authors: Fochenkova V. A. , Radulesku G. G. , Rysev N. A. , Kletskaya I. S. , Konovalov D. M. , Belogurova M. B.
Published: January 2021

Primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy (PMMTI) is an aggressive tumor with a high rate of local recurrence, rare metastasis and poor response to chemotherapy.PMMTI is a rare soft-tissue sarcoma that preferentially affects infants. It is isolated from the group of infantile fibrosarcomas or myofibroblastic tumors. PMMTI differs from other tumors in the clinical course, morphological features and primarily molecular genetic changes. ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion is characteristic of infantile fibrosarcomas. However, it is not detected in patients with PMMTI. BCOR ITD had been described in patients with PMMTI and it allowed to define this tumor from the group of infantile fibrosarcomas.Unified treatment approaches have not been identified for this tumor yet. Radical surgical removal is preferred treatment. BCOR ITD is a target. Nowadays search for targeted drugs is ongoing and it could help to solve the problem of PMMTI treatment.
A modern view of assessment and correction of the nutritional status in infants with tumor neoplasms
Authors: Shumakova O. V. , Grosheva E. V. , Sagoyan G. B. , Rubanskaya M. V. , Kazantsev A. P. , Matinyan N. V. , Kirgizov K. I. , Polyakov V. G. , Varfolomeeva S. R.
Published: January 2021

Malignant neoplasms are the second most common cause of infant mortality worldwide. Nutritional deficiency occurs in approximately 60 % of children with cancer and contributes to a decrease in immune function, delayed wound healing, impaired drug metabolism, and a severe and recurrent course of infectious complications. Malnutrition has a particularly adverse effect on outcomes and is one of the main preventable causes of death in infants. Given the growing trend in the incidence of cancer in children of the first years of life, the lack of standards and recommendations for the therapeutic nutrition of these patients, the organization of nutritional support for infants in the context of pediatric oncology is becoming increasingly important. Our article presents current trends in the assessment and correction of the nutritional status of infants with cancer.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of malignant bone neoplasms. Current state of an issue
Authors: Valeev A. I. , Malov A. A.
Published: January 2021

The review article is about clinical experience in the use of modern tomographic methods (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray computed tomography (CT)) in the diagnosis and assessment of the progression of malignant bone neoplasms, summarizing the results of the largest studies demonstrating the comparative characteristics of the methods. Numerous data demonstrate high sensitivity of MRI and form the following diagnostic tasks that can be solved by this method: the involvement degree of soft tissues in the pathological process, damage to the neurovascular bundle, the articular surface, assessment of the extent of tumor in the bone marrow canal. At the same time, CT shows a higher sensitivity in assessing cortical destruction and the degree of matrix mineralization. The article discusses the variety of program sequences and modes of MRI scanning, the prospects of the method in assessing the prevalence, staging, and differential diagnosis of bone tumors.
Exploring Quinolone Scaffold: Unravelling the Chemistry of Anticancer Drug Design
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Das Rina , Mehta Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Diksha , Sahu Ram Kumar
Published: January 2021

Globally, cancer is considered as the major leading cause in decreasing the patient health care system of human beings. The growing threat from drug-resistant cancers makes heterocyclic moieties as an urgent need to develop more successful candidates for anti-cancer therapy. In view of outstanding pharmacological activities Quinolone and its derivatives have attracted more attention towards drug designing and biological evaluation in the search of new drug molecules. The inspired researchers attempted efforts in order to discover quinolone based analogs due to its wide range of biological activities. Due to immense pharmacological importance, distinct synthetic methods have been executed to attain new drug entities from quinolones and all the reported molecules have shown constructive anticancer activity. Some of the synthetic protocol like, one pot synthesis, post-Ugi-transformation, catalysed based synthesis, enzyme-based synthesis and nano-catalyst based synthetic procedures are also discussed as recent advancement in production of quinolone derivatives. In this review, recent synthetic approaches in the medicinal chemistry of quinolones and potent quinolone derivatives on the basis of structural activity relationship are outlined. Moreover, their major methods and modifications are discussed.
Outcomes of Clinical Treatments Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Selangor, Malaysia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mahmud Zamalia , Abrahhim Syahidatul Alyia , Sulong Saperi
Published: January 2021

Background::

It is important to assess how well patients respond to their medical treatments
by observing the results that appear during the clinical treatments. As such, the clinical treatments
and results must obtain information on how effective recommended treatments were for patients
with diabetes.

Objective::

This study examines how patients with diabetes mellitus responded towards their clinical
treatments, where the probability distribution of patients and the types of treatment received
were derived from the Rasch probabilistic model.
Methods: This is a retrospective study wherein data were collected from patients’ medical records
at a local public hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. Clinical and demographic information such as fasting
blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), family history, type of diabetes (type 1 or type 2),
types of medication (oral or insulin), compliance with treatments, gender, race and age were chosen
as the agents of measurement.

Methods::

This is a retrospective study wherein data were collected from patients’ medical records
at a local public hospital in Selangor, Malaysia. Clinical and demographic information such as fasting
blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), family history, type of diabetes (type 1 or type 2),
types of medication (oral or insulin), compliance with treatments, gender, race and age were chosen
as the agents of measurement.

Results::

The use of Rasch analysis in the present study helped to compare the patients’ responses towards the DM treatments and identify the types of treatment they received. Results from the Wright map show that a majority of the Diabetes Mellitus patients who were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes have no controlled readings of HbA1c during their first and second visits to the medical center. However, patients with a family history of Diabetes Mellitus who took oral medication have controlled readings of fasting blood glucose based on the probabilistic outcomes of the treatment received by the patients.

Conclusion::

Controlled readings were found only in the readings of fasting blood glucose during
the first and second visits, followed by family history, types of medication received, and compliance
with the treatment. This study has recommended that type 2 patients with diabetes without
a family history of diabetes mellitus need to exercise more control over the readings of HbA1c.
Could Computed Tomography Hounsfield Unit Values of Lumbar Vertebrae Detect Osteoporosis?
Authors: Hocaoglu Elif , Inci Ercan , Vural Meltem
Published: January 2021

Background:

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning has several disadvantages
determining osteoporosis, especially for the degenerative spine.

Introduction:

This study aims to determine spinal osteoporosis in patients suffering from lumbar
degenerative disease using computed tomography (CT).

Methods:

A total of 547 subjects that underwent DEXA and abdominal CT within a period of three
months were examined retrospectively and separated into groups based on lumbar degenerative alteration
on the CT scan. The subjects that showed degenerative severity at L1–L4, in at least two
levels, were graded and placed in the degenerative group (Group D, n=350). In contrast, the other
subjects constituted the control group (Group C, n=197). The Hounsfield unit (HU) of the vertebral
body trabecular bone, the T-score, and bone mineral density (BMD) of L1–L4 and hips were determined
from the CT images. CT-HU parameters for osteoporosis acquired from the control group
were used to ascertain undiagnosed osteoporosis.

Results:

The CT-HU was positively correlated with T-score and lumbar BMD for both groups
(P<0.001), while the L1–L4 correlation was higher in Group C than in Group D. Based on linear
regression, the T-score and CT-HU for L1-L4 osteoporosis were 129, 136, 129 and 120 HU, respectively
in Group C. Undiagnosed spinal osteoporosis was greater in Group D compared to the controls
(44.2% vs. 9.6%, respectively) based on the CT-HU thresholds.

Conclusion:

Lumbar spine degeneration can augment BMD and T-score, resulting in the underestimation
of lumbar osteoporosis. The osteoporosis threshold determined by CT-HU may be a valuable
technique to determine undiagnosed spinal osteoporosis.
Texture Analysis in the Evaluation of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Chest X-Ray Images: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Cavallo Armando Ugo , Troisi Jacopo , Forcina Marco , Mari Pier-Valerio , Forte Valerio , Sperandio Massimiliano , Pagano Sergio , Cavallo Pierpaolo , Floris Roberto , Garaci Francesco
Published: January 2021

Background:

One of the most challenging aspects related to Covid-19 is to establish the
presence of infection in an early phase of the disease. Texture analysis might be an additional tool
for the evaluation of Chest X-ray in patients with clinical suspicion of Covid-19 related pneumonia.

Objective:

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of texture analysis and machine learning models
for the diagnosis of Covid-19 interstitial pneumonia in Chest X-ray images.

Methods:

Chest X-ray images were accessed from a publicly available repository(https://www.kaggle.
com/tawsifurrahman/covid19-radiography-database). Lung areas were manually segmented using
a polygonal region of interest covering both lung areas, using MaZda, a freely available software
for texture analysis. A total of 308 features per ROI was extracted. One hundred-ten
Covid-19 Chest X-ray images were selected for the final analysis.

Results:

Six models, namely NB, GLM, DL, GBT, ANN, and PLS-DA were selected and ensembled.
According to Youden’s index, the Covid-19 Ensemble Machine Learning Score showing the
highest area under the curve (0.971±0.015) was 132.57. Assuming this cut-off the Ensemble model
performance was estimated by evaluating both true and false positive/negative, resulting in 91.8%
accuracy with 93% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Moving the cut-off value to -100, although the
accuracy resulted lower (90.6%), the Ensemble Machine Learning showed 100% sensitivity, with
80% specificity.

Conclusion:

Texture analysis of Chest X-ray images and machine learning algorithms may help in
differentiating patients with Covid-19 pneumonia. Despite several limitations, this study can lay
the ground for future research works in this field and help to develop more rapid and accurate
screening tools for these patients.
Anticancer Potential of Azole Containing Marine Natural Products: Current and Future Perspectives
Authors: Rani Dimpy , Garg Vandana , Dutt Rohit
Published: January 2021

Background:

Despite significant advancement in oncology research, cancer still poses one of the
leading causes of mortality worldwide. The increased incidences of cancer may be attributed to the limited
efficacy and disastrous side effects of conventional therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. Azole
containing medicinal agents are known for plethora of medicinal properties, including anticancer potential.

Objective:

In this review, we highlighted azole containing natural products with anticancer potential from marine
sources.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was performed for writing the review. Updated views about various marine sponges,
cyanobacteria, tunicates and microalgae producing azole nucleus containing secondary metabolites with anticancer potential have been
discussed.

Results:

The present article describes the structural, chemical, and biological features of azoles containing
natural agents from marine sources with promising anti-cancer potential. Additionally, current challenges and
future perspectives of azoles in cancer prevention and treatment are also discussed.

Conclusion:

This review might encourage scientific community to explore marine sources for developing novel and potent azole
containing anti-cancer agents with better safety profile.
Bioactive Chemical Compounds Identified in Extracts of Reseda sphenocleoides Leaves and Evaluation of Antiamoebic Activity In Vitro
Authors: H. Mehdi Mansour Abdulnabi , Mohsin Mohammad , Alarabi Fadel Y.S. , Omar Gozif Mohammed N. , Farooqui Mazahar , Pradhan Vidya
Published: January 2021

Background:

Entamoeba histolytica is a causative agent of amoebiasis, estimated to
cause more than 100,000 deaths per year. Metronidazole is used to treatment of E. histolytica infection.
However, this drug has several untoward side effects, the current study was designed to analysis
of the bioactive chemical products in extracts of Reseda sphenocleoides leaves and evaluation
of anti-amoebic activity in vitro.

Methods:

Bioactive chemical compounds were tested by GC-MS and FT-IR. Entamoeba histolytica
was cultured under xenic conditions in Locke's egg (LE) medium and different concentrations
of extracts of R. sphenocleoides were added to cultivated parasites.

Results:

11 and 18 bioactive phytochemical compounds were shown in the ethanolic and aqueous
extracts of R. sphenocleoides leaves, respectively, by GC-MS analysis. FT-IR analysis of extracts
of R. sphenocleoides leaves proved the presence of many functional groups for various phytocompounds.
The ethanolic extract of R. sphenocleoides leaves was inhibited the growth of E. histolytica
in vitro at concentrations 5 and 10 mg/ml after 96 hrs of incubation. At the same time, the highest
concentration 20 mg/ml used in this study, inhibited the E. histolytica at all times of incubation.
The aqueous extract showed that there was no growth of E. histolytica at the concentrations of 5
and 10 mg/ml after 72 and 48 hrs, respectively. However, the higher concentrations (15 and 20
mg/ml) of the aqueous extract were on the growth of E. histolytica parasite during the period of incubation.
It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for ethanolic and aqueous
extracts of R. sphenocleoides leaves was <15 mg/ml and <10 mg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion:

The results specify that the extracts of R. sphenocleoides has a higher capacity of reducing
E. histolytica number in vitro. Moreover, these results showed that the extracts of R. sphenocleoides
contain various bioactive compounds and therefore have various medicinal properties that
can be used for the treatment of various diseases.
Konfigurasi Bilah NACA 3612 Terhadap Performa Turbin Angin Sumbu Horizontal (TASH)
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Semarang, Wahyudi Syahrul Nur , Al-Janan Dony Hidayat , Saputro Danang Dwi
Published: January 2021

To improve electrical energy better, the design and optimization of micro scale wind turbines has become a very important element in research. The aims are improving the ability to capture power and maximize energy production properly. The object of this study was horizontal axis wind turbine performance testing with the configuration of types and numbers of NACA 3612 blade variation in terms of output power (W), efficiency (η) and tip speed ratio (TSR). The tests carried out in the laboratory using a wind tunnel. There are 8 variations of wind speed, 1.41 m/s, 1.76 m/s, 2.51 m/s, 3.74 m/s, 4.81 m/s, 5.50 m/s, 5.71 m/s and 6.11 m/s. The results showed that the best power value was a taperless type with 2 blades of 0.846 watts with a maximum rotating speed of 876.3 rpm at 6.11 m/s wind speed. For the best efficiency value obtained at 3.74 m/s wind speed on the type of taper with a number of 4 blades of 2.9% at TSR 4.778. While the maximum TSR occurs in the type of taper with a number of 3 blades of 6.256 at 3.74 m/s wind speed by testing without using a prony brake.
Optimasi Parameter Desain Multi-Cell Hexagonal Crash Box terhadap Absorbsi Energy Impact dengan Metode Taguchi
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Rismanto Muhammad , Choiron Moch. Agus , Sugiono Sugiono
Published: January 2021

The crash box is a passive safety system placed between the bumper and the mainframe of the car that functions as an energy absorber to reduce the impact of driving accidents. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal level of factors and analyze the factors that provide the most significant effect on energy absorption in a multi-cell hexagonal crash box. Identification of parameters that affect the crash box in energy absorption, namely: the position of placement hole (P), the distance of position hole (L), the thickness of crash box (t), and the hole diameter (D). The modeling method has used the design of the crash box by utilizing a computer simulation with software ANSYS 17.0. This research uses aluminum material type AA 6061-T4 and impactor material uses structural steel. Modeling loading using the frontal crash test method. In this modeling, the impactor with a speed of 7.67 m/s with a deformation length of 100 mm. This research uses the experimental design of the Taguchi method with the L27 orthogonal array. The optimization result were obtained optimum design parameter multi-cell hexagonal crash box with parameter settings P = inner wall; L = 112.5 mm; t = 2 mm, and D = 6.6 mm. Based on the calculated F value ≥ F Table, the factors P, t, and D affect the ability to absorb energy. Thickness crash box (t) has the highest contribution of 98.10% in increasing the value of energy absorption.
Chatter Vibration Comparison Between Normal Helix Angle and Variable Helix Angle in End Milling Process Based on Spectrum Analysis
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Sonief Achmad As'ad , Fauzan Arda Nur , Azlan Fachry , Bashori Muhammad Aziz
Published: January 2021

Chatter vibration in machining processes is often found in cutting processes which will decrease the machining efficiency and the surface quality of the products. Chatter is a relative vibration of the cutting tool and workpiece caused by the fluctuation of cutting force that is concerned to be a self-excited vibration. The variable Helix Angle Cutting tool which has pitch angle variation will also inflict different tooth passing frequencies on the flute that stand contiguous and trim the resonance frequency. This research aims to compare chatter vibrations that occurred between Normal Helix Angle and Variable Helix Angle cutting tool based on spectrum analysis on cutting parameter variety (depth of cut; rotation speed; feed rate milling). The outcome is spectrum analysis can detect the chatter phenomenon, measure the natural frequency (38-42 Hz), and also compare chatter vibrations between two tools appropriately.
An Innovative Wearable Device For Monitoring Continuous Body Surface Temperature (HEARThermo): Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Yeh Chun-Yin , Chung Yi-Ting , Chuang Kun-Ta , Shu Yu-Chen , Kao Hung-Yu , Chen Po-Lin , Ko Wen-Chien , Ko Nai-Ying
Published: January 2021

Background

Variations in body temperature are highly informative during an illness. To date, there are not many adequate studies that have investigated the feasibility of a wearable wrist device for the continuous monitoring of body surface temperatures in humans.

Objective

The objective of this study was to validate the performance of HEARThermo, an innovative wearable device, which was developed to continuously monitor the body surface temperature in humans.

Methods

We implemented a multi-method research design in this study, which included 2 validation studies—one in the laboratory and one with human subjects. In validation study I, we evaluated the test-retest reliability of HEARThermo in the laboratory to measure the temperature and to correct the values recorded by each HEARThermo by using linear regression models. We conducted validation study II on human subjects who wore HEARThermo for the measurement of their body surface temperatures. Additionally, we compared the HEARThermo temperature recordings with those recorded by the infrared skin thermometer simultaneously. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots to analyze the criterion validity and agreement between the 2 measurement tools.

Results

A total of 66 participants (age range, 10-77 years) were recruited, and 152,881 completed data were analyzed in this study. The 2 validation studies in the laboratory and on human skin indicated that HEARThermo showed a good test-retest reliability (ICC 0.96-0.98) and adequate criterion validity with the infrared skin thermometer at room temperatures of 20°C-27.9°C (ICC 0.72, P<.001). The corrected measurement bias averaged –0.02°C, which was calibrated using a water bath ranging in temperature from 16°C to 40°C. The values of each HEARThermo improved by the regression models were not significantly different from the temperature of the water bath (P=.19). Bland-Altman plots showed no visualized systematic bias. HEARThermo had a bias of 1.51°C with a 95% limit of agreement between –1.34°C and 4.35°C.

Conclusions

The findings of our study show the validation of HEARThermo for the continuous monitoring of body surface temperatures in humans.
Conduct and Performance of Catfish Marketing Channels in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Sylvia Tenny , Ismoyowati Dyah
Published: January 2021

Catfish is one of the leading fishery commodities in Indonesia. Its production is high in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, that is, 45.44% of the total aquaculture production and 35.58% of the total aquaculture production. This study aimed to determine the type of marketing channels, including the conduct and performance of catfish marketing, and the efficiency of catfish marketing in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Samples were obtained through purposive and snowball sampling, and data were collected through in-depth interviews with 30 respondents and examined through descriptive analysis and an SCP approach focusing on conduct and performance analysis. Result showed that two marketing channels were available. The first type consisted of fish farmers, collectors, and retailers, and the second type included fish farmers and retailers. Market conduct analysis revealed that the determination of the catfish price was dominated by collectors, marketing costs varied among players, and the government did not intervene with its trade. Market performance analysis indicated that fish farmers received 71.98% of their share on marketing channel 1 and 80.49% on marketing channel 2. The profit-to-cost ratios of collectors and retailers were 1.31 and 0.29 in marketing channel 1, respectively. In marketing channel 2, the profitto-cost ratio of retailers was 1.65. Therefore, marketing channel 2 was more efficient than marketing channel 1.
Development of Yellow Sweet Potato and Red Kidney Bean-based Instant Cream Soup for Pregnant Mothers with Chronic Energy Deficiency
Authors: Rozi Fahrul , Marliyati Sri Anna
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to develop an instant cream soup formula composed of yellow sweet potato and red kidney bean for maternal chronic energy deficiency. The selected formula is acceptable based on organoleptic test. In addition, the food formula is expected to meet nutritional needs, including protein, fat, carbohydrate, energy, and vitamin A. Amino acid score and in vitro protein digestibility were also measured to verify whether or not the product of the formulation has high protein quality. The instant cream soup was composed of yellow sweet potato and red kidney bean. Additional ingredients that were added to increase the nutritional value and sensoryattributes of the instant cream soup included soy protein isolate, egg white flour, maltodextrin, red palm oil, onion, garlic, leek, celery, chicken broth, fresh cream (cooking cream), black pepper, and salt). This experimental study used a randomized factorial design in laboratory. The treatment unit included two factors: provision of yellow sweet potato and red kidney bean consisting of three levels (50%:50%, 75%:25%, and 25%:75%) and addition of maltodextrin consisting of two levels (0% and 5%). Hedonic organoleptic analysis showed that theselected formula comprised 75%:25% yellow sweet potato and red kidney bean and 5% maltodextrin addition (F5). Nutrient content analysis revealed that the product contained 3.85% moisture, 3.15% ash, 30.19% protein, 14.18% fat, 48.63% carbohydrate, 443 kcal energy, 17.67% dietary fiber, 87 ppm β-carotene, and 77.21% protein digestibility. This study also showed that methionine and cysteine were the limiting amino acids in the selected product with a score of 47%. Acceptability from 100 pregnant women was assessed, and results showed that 87% of pregnant women accepted the product. These results indicate that this product has the potential to be an alternative snack for maternal chronic energy deficiency because of its nutritional values.
Game Theory and the Three-Body Problem
Authors: Su Helena G.
Published: January 2021

Game theory is used to analyze a variety of social situations with competing players and interests, such as competition between businesses and elections. However, the concept of game theory is rarely employed to examine literature work. This paper applies game theory to analyze decisions made in a renowned science fiction series, the Three-Body Problem. How is deterrence established between two entities that want to conquer each other? What about changing the context to many entities? In the context of a science fiction, this paper offers a new perspective that allows readers to understand the rationale behind decisions and consequent outcomes in international relations and deterrence. Additionally, this research employs a simple computer program to help test equilibria in various conditions.
Habilidad modelar procesos dinámicos de control automático para el Ingeniero Químico
Authors: Molina Hernández Carlos Rafael , González Hernández Walfredo , Cruz Lemus Gil
Published: January 2021

En el artículo se presenta los resultados al aplicar la estrategia didáctica para desarrollar la habilidad modelar procesos dinámicos de control automático en la carrera de Ingeniería Química en la Universidad de Matanzas. Se presentan el análisis realizado para caracterizar a la variable de estudio. Se hace referencia al diagnóstico inicial de la variable. Se explica en que consistió la propuesta de la estrategia didáctica. Por último, se evalúa la aplicación práctica de la estrategia didáctica.
Nombrar, definir y delimitar: Modesto Bargalló y la terminología química (1947-1973)
Authors: Moreno Martínez Luis
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo indaga en las relaciones históricas entre didáctica, terminología y epistemología de la química en la prolífica obra del profesor Modesto Bargalló (1894-1981) en México. A través del análisis inédito de varios de los trabajos de este actor destacado de la enseñanza de la química de las décadas centrales del siglo XX, se reflexiona sobre las dimensiones lingüísticas, históricas y filosóficas de la terminología científica en la educación química.
Cien Años de Química Macromolecular
Authors: Salgado-Chavarría David , Palacios-Alquisira Joaquín
Published: January 2021

Este año, la Química Macromolecular celebra su primer centenario. En 1920, el químico orgánico Hermann Staudinger, publicó su célebre artículo Über Polymerisation (Sobre Polimerización), proponiendo la existencia de largas cadenas de muy alto peso molecular, en las cuales los átomos se mantienen juntos por medio de uniones químicas covalentes. En el transcurso de estos 100 años, la Química de los Polímeros ha avanzado rápidamente, siendo reconocida hoy como una de las ramas más activas en investigación, desarrollando nuevos productos útiles con una amplia gama de aplicaciones.

Este trabajo trata sobre aspectos relevantes de la historia de la Química Macromolecular. Se mencionan algunos de los nombres de los investigadores más importantes que ayudaron a desarrollar esta ciencia durante el siglo XX y también se nombran algunos de los profesores que iniciaron la enseñanza de los polímeros en México, específicamente en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma México (UNAM).
Propuesta de modelo de ambidestreza organizacional
Authors: Garzón Castrillon Manuel Alfonso
Published: January 2021

En este artículo de revisión se abordan los aspectos inherentes a los fundamentos de la ambidestreza organizacional a saber: los antecedentes de la ambidestreza organizacional, definiciones de ambidestreza; tipologías de ambidestreza estructural, secuencial y contextual, desde la dirección estratégica, se propone un modelo de ambidestreza organizacional del cual se abordan sus variables: La organización-conocimiento previo y experiencia; búsqueda y desempeño ambidiestros de conocimiento; ambidestreza individual; ambidestreza organizacional, la innovación, y los resultados empresarial, se establecen seis hipótesis. la discusión y conclusiones.
The rise of authoritarianism in a democratic regime in Aristophanes’ Assemblywomen
Authors: Drummond Greice
Published: January 2021

The plot of Assemblywomen tells the story of a coup organized by a group of women to conquer power and administrate the city of Athens. By examining the historical and dramatic elements in this comedy, we seek to comprehend the use of the notions of liberty and democracy, taking into consideration that through the drama we glimpse on what can happen when democracy is undermined. Aristophanes made use of artistic liberty to redefine the parameters of his art, showing a new form of comedy and how liberty can contribute to the development of art and society.
Uma tradução oitocentista inédita da décima sátira de Juvenal
Authors: Cairolli Fábio Paifer
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo visa apresentar a transcrição do manuscrito inédito de uma tradução da décima sátira de Juvenal para o português, empreendida em meados do século XIX pelo médico, poeta, professor e tradutor ítalo-brasileiro Luiz Vicente de Simoni (1792-1881). Além de apresentar as questões de crítica textual que contextualizam o documento, serão tecidos alguns comentários referentes ao mérito da tradução, contrastando-a com a versão lusitana de Francisco Antonio Martins Bastos, tradutor contemporâneo cuja versão é mais conhecida.
A Ifigênia em Áulis de Eurípides por Christopher Collard e James Morwood
Authors: Neto Félix Jácome
Published: January 2021

O recorte temporal da intriga de Ifigénia em Áulis (daqui em diante, IA) de Eurípides situa-se imediatamente antes da guerra entre gregos e troianos, quando os primeiros estão retidos em Áulis à espera de ventos propícios para continuarem a navegação até Troia. A peça abre com um inquieto Agamêmnon...
Asynchronous diversification and distinct demographic trajectories in Ethiopian montane forest bird (Aves: Passeriformes) populations separated by the Great Rift Valley
Authors: Manthey Joseph , Bourgeois Yann , Meheretu Yonas , Boissinot Stephane
Published: January 2021

Taxon-specific characteristics and extrinsic climatic and geological
forces may both shape population differentiation and speciation. In
geographically and taxonomically focused investigations, differentiation
may occur synchronously as species respond to the same external
conditions. Conversely, when evolution is investigated in taxa with
largely varying traits, population differentiation and speciation is
complex and shaped by interactions of Earth’s template and
species-specific traits. As such, it is important to characterize
evolutionary histories broadly across the tree of life, especially in
geographic regions that are exceptionally diverse and under pressures
from human activities such as in biodiversity hotspots. Here, using
whole-genome sequencing data, we characterize genomic variation in
populations of six Ethiopian Highlands forest bird species separated by
a lowland biogeographic barrier, the Great Rift Valley (GRV). In all six
species, populations on either side of the GRV exhibited significant but
varying levels of genetic differentiation. Species with lower dispersal
ability generally had higher levels of population differentiation.
Divergence dating indicated asynchronous population differentiation
histories, with at least three distinct diversification periods. We
found that demographic histories—estimated for each
individual—varied by both species and population but were consistent
between individuals of the same species and sampling region. We found
that genomic diversity varied by half an order of magnitude across
species, and that this variation could largely be explained by the
harmonic mean of effective population size over the past 200,000 years.
Overall, we found that even in highly dispersive species like birds, the
GRV acts as a substantial biogeographic barrier.
Impact of Sinus Rhythm Maintenance on Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events after Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Insights from AF Frontier Ablation Registry
Authors: Usuda Keisuke , Kato Takeshi , Tsuda Toyonobu , Tada Hayato , Niwa Satoru , Usui Soichiro , Sakata Kenji , Hayashi Kenshi , Furusho Hiroshi , Kawashiri Masa-aki , Takamura Masayuki , Otsuka Takayuki , Hirata Akio , Murakami Masato , Takami Mitsuru , Kimura Masaomi , Fukaya Hidehira , Nakahara Shiro , Shimizu Wataru , Harada Tomoo , Okumura Ken , Yamane Teiichi , Momiyama Yukihiko , Soejima Kyoko , Hagiwara Nobuhisa , Harada Masahide , Sonoda Kazumasa , Inoue Masaru , Kumagai Koji , Hayashi Hidemori , Satomi Kazuhiro , Watari Yuji , Matsumoto Naoya , Nagashima Koichi , Okumura Yasuo
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The impact of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
(AF) on cardiovascular events and mortality is controversial. We
investigated the impact of sinus rhythm maintenance on major adverse
cardiac and cerebrovascular events after AF ablation from a Japanese
multicenter cohort of AF ablation. Methods and Results: We investigated
2737 consecutive patients (25.6% female, mean age 63.4 ± 10.3 years)
who underwent a first catheter ablation for AF from the Atrial
Fibrillation registry to Follow the long-teRm Outcomes and use of
aNTIcoagulants aftER Ablation (AF Frontier Ablation Registry). The
primary endpoint was a composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack,
cardiovascular events, and all-cause death. During a mean follow-up of
25.2 months, 2070 (75.6%) patients were free from AF after catheter
ablation, and the primary composite endpoint occurred in 122 (4.5%)
patients. The AF nonrecurrence group had a significantly lower incidence
of the primary endpoint (1.7 per 100 person-years) compared with the AF
recurrence group (3.2 per 100 person-years; P = 0.001). The multivariate
analysis revealed that freedom from AF (hazard ratio 0.57; 95%
confidence interval 0.39–0.83; P = 0.003) was independently associated
with the incidence of the composite event.¬¬ Conclusion: In the
multicenter cohort of AF ablation, sinus rhythm maintenance after
catheter ablation was independently associated with lower rates of major
adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.
Diagnosis and Acute Management of Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Lorenzen Kristi A , Johnson Daniel W
Published: January 2021

Cardiac tamponade is a medical and surgical emergency that requires quick recognition and treatment by the critical care provider. Tamponade results from accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space leading to equalization of pressures between the pericardial space, atria, and ventricles. This alteration in physiology causes hemodynamic changes that can range from tachycardia and hypotension to cardiovascular collapse. Diagnosis relies on a high index of suspicion and accurate interpretation and use of multiple diagnostic modalities. One of the most important tools, echocardiography, plays a vital role in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of tamponade. Treatment depends on the hemodynamic stability of the patient and may include advanced cardiac life support, emergent pericardiocentesis, emergent sternotomy, or medical management. This review discusses the acute diagnosis and management of cardiac tamponade specifically related to surgical patients cared for by the critical care provider.
This review contains 2 figures, 2 tables, 5 videos, and 55 references.
Key words: atrial and ventricular collapse, cardiac tamponade, cardiogenic shock, critical care echocardiography, equalization of pressures, hemopericardium, pericardial effusion, pericardiocentesis, pulsus paradoxus, ventricular interdependence
Critical Care of the Surgical Patient: Principles of Study Design
Authors: Alam Hasan B , Wakam Glenn , T. Kemp Michael
Published: January 2021

Conducting research in an intensive care unit (ICU) is both challenging and rewarding. ICU patients are heterogeneous, complex, and critically ill. Despite these challenges, the ICU is a data-rich research environment that lends itself to cutting-edge clinical investigation. To optimize research outcomes, investigators must carefully consider the principles of study design. This review discusses the most commonly used observational, experimental, and meta-analytic study designs, as well as the theoretical underpinnings of each study type. Published ICU-based research studies are used as examples to highlight key concepts. 
This review contains 4 figures, 9 tables, and 33 references.
Key words: clinical research, experimental studies, intensive care, meta-analyses, observational studies, study design
Heart Failure
Authors: Shah Sachin P , Mehra Mandeep R.
Published: January 2021

Heart failure is a syndrome related to abnormal cardiac performance with a consequence of impaired cardiac output at rest or with exertion and/or congestion, which usually leads to symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, and edema. The syndrome is characterized by various phenotypes related to a vast array of etiologies with diverse management targets. The current broad categorization of heart failure separates patients based on ejection fraction. Further description of the phenotype beyond ejection fraction is imperative to correctly identify the etiology of heart failure and, ultimately, to choose medical, device, and surgical therapies appropriately. This review covers the epidemiology of heart failure, defining the phenotype and etiology of heart failure, recognition and management of acute decompensated heart failure, management of chronic heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, management of heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction, and advanced heart failure. Figures show the evolution of therapy in chronic heart failure from the symptom-directed model, the complex pathophysiology and principal aberrations underlying heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and concepts underlying surgical therapy in advanced heart failure using Laplace’s law. Tables list various etiologies of heart failure; sensitivity and specificity of clinical, biomarker, and radiographic data in the diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure; drugs and devices with a demonstrated survival benefit in heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction; neurohormonal antagonist dosing in heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction; randomized, placebo-controlled trials in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction; categorization of heart failure according to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology heart failure stage, New York Heart Association functional class, and Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support level; and poor prognostic indicators in heart failure.
This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, and 114 references.
Lung Cancer Part II
Authors: Crawford Jeffrey
Published: January 2021

In the United States, lung cancer is the second most common cancer, surpassed only by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. But lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, accounting for 29% and 26% of all cancer-related deaths in men and women, respectively. The four major pathologic cell types of lung cancer are small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Because they have overlapping clinical behaviors and responses to treatment, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are generally grouped together in the category of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This review discusses treatment of both NSCLC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
This review 2 figures, 19 tables, and 90 references.
Keywords: lung cancer, mediastinoscopy, chemoradiotherapy, TNM staging system, pulmonary parenchyma, segmentectomy