bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Thinking as a Case-based Learning for College General Education Courses
Authors: Zhao Yuanzheng , Tan Wee Hoe , Nian Zhiying , Li Zengkun , Liu Kai
Published: December 2023

Design thinking is vital for attaining sustainable development goals (SDG) or SDG in education. This article investigates the status of design thinking education in realizing SDG in education. The intentional requirement for using innovative design to enhance national competitiveness is discussed regarding the "Made in China 2025" policy document. It then investigates the current status of design thinking curriculum development in China, counting the adoption of Western models and the formation of project cooperation mechanisms, the combination of design thinking into general education courses, and the rise of online courses over the development of the Internet. Five international best practices of design thinking courses are offered, i.e., Stanford University, the University of Miami, the Royal College of Art, Vanderbilt University, and Tama Art University. These practices tell the different features of design thinking courses and emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, actual problem-solving, And the cultivation of a humanistic spirit and social responsibility. The article then highlights vital lessons and conclusions from design thinking education in general higher education courses. These include the importance of human-centered, social, and computational thinking, the value of interdisciplinary collaboration in developing collaborative empathy, and the practical problem-solving skills and creativity that design thinking can undertake. To sum up, the design thinking course is an effective way to improve the design thinking level of college students and change the existing teaching methods of various majors, and it has significant benefits for both students and enterprises. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive picture of the importance of design thinking education in achieving educational sustainability, highlighting its potential for developing innovative and practical problem-solving skills in college students and its relevance to various disciplines and industries.
Assessing the Quality of Learning Materials in a Learning Management System (LMS): Its Impact on Learning Outcomes
Authors: Wea Donatus , Sri Pudjiarti Emiliana , Kristian Sarang Rikardus
Published: December 2023

This research investigates the influence of project team interaction, guidance, feedback, and material quality within the Learning Management System (LMS) on the development of critical thinking skills and the ability to engage in lifelong learning. Partial least squares analysis was employed to test hypotheses using data from participants in the Catholic Religious Teacher Professional Education program at the Educational Institution for Education Personnel Santo Yakobus Merauke-South Papua through simple random sampling. The research results indicate that project team interaction, guidance, feedback, and material quality within the Learning Management System (LMS) significantly and positively contribute to developing critical thinking skills and lifelong self-directed learning. The managerial implications of this study underscore the importance of creating high-quality learning materials in the LMS and providing practical guidance and feedback to students to support the development of both skills. The theoretical implications of this research strengthen the understanding of the relationship between project team interaction, guidance, feedback, material quality in the LMS, critical thinking skills, and self-directed learning. Theories in education and psychology can be utilized as a foundation for designing more effective interventions to enhance both skills.
rhetorical situation of the COVID-19 public briefings on national response measures in Namibia
Authors: Haufiku Naftal , Batholmeus Petrina
Published: December 2023

This paper analyses the rhetorical situation of the COVID-19 public briefings on national response measures in Namibia presented to the Namibian nation by the Namibian government. The rhetorical situation by Bitzer (1968) is a combination of people, events, objects, and contexts, as well as the nature in which specific discourse is created and how it shapes reality. The COVID-19 public briefing statements on the national response measures that Namibia had to follow during the different stages of COVID-19 established by the Namibian government are qualitatively analysed in this paper to describe the rhetorical situation during COVID-19 in Namibia. The analysis is based on Bitzer’s constituents of any rhetorical situation: the exigence, audience, constraints as well as the fitting response. While COVID-19 was presented as the exigence, the Namibian nation at large was the audience for whom the briefings were prepared. These statements were made through the media by the President and complemented by selected ministers. The media, which were always present at these briefings, were given a platform to ask questions on behalf of themselves and the nation, at times, presented as constraints.
Identification Of Revenue In Banking In The City Of Medan
Authors: Aulia
Published: December 2023

This research aims to explore and identify the various sources and mechanisms contributing to revenue generation in the banking sector within the City of Medan. The study delves into the intricate details of revenue streams, assessing the diverse sources, instruments, and strategies employed by banks to generate income.

Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research incorporates both quantitative data analysis and qualitative insights from key stakeholders within the banking industry. The quantitative aspect involves the analysis of financial statements, income reports, and performance indicators, providing a comprehensive overview of revenue trends. Key focal points of the research include the identification of interest income, fee-based income, and other ancillary sources contributing to the overall revenue of banks in Medan. The qualitative component involves interviews and discussions with banking executives and regulators to gather nuanced insights into the strategies employed for revenue diversification and sustainability. Preliminary findings indicate a diverse landscape of revenue sources, including traditional banking activities, innovative financial products, and digital services. The research contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of revenue identification in the banking sector, providing valuable insights for financial institutions, policymakers, and industry analysts.
Violence Against Children: The Impact of Social Media and Solving Social Problems Based on Local Wisdom in Makassar City, Indonesia
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Surya Batara , Asmirah  , Karim Abdul
Published: December 2023

Handling the problem of child abuse needs to integrate local culture and modern systems so that the substance of the problem can be revealed by cultural values and the solution to the problem can be explained by modern academic methods. The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze local forms of wisdom from social institutions in dealing with cases of child abuse; the form of impressions on social media that are categorized as triggers for acts of child violence; and the link between the anomie group and the problem of child abuse. The research approach uses case studies—data obtained through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation. The study results show that the symbiosis of local wisdom guided by initiation, assessment, and intervention can reduce violent behavior against children. On the other hand, cybercrime on social media and neglect of children in the anomie group are still ongoing. The research recommends to the government, that improvements to the local symbiotic pattern of wisdom and modern ways of handling child violence are needed and serious socialization is needed on the limits of understanding child neglect and exploitation among anomalies.
Integração econômica regional e negociações comerciais brasileiras: estado atual e desafios
Authors: Arslanian Michel , Yip César
Published: December 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o presente estado da integração econômica do Brasil com a América Latina. Trata, inicialmente, da importância geopolítica e econômica da região para o Brasil, assim como do arcabouço de acordos comerciais construído no âmbito da Associação Latino-Americana de Integração (ALADI). Na segunda parte, aponta para a acirrada competição que se tem verificado, na última década, pelos mercados da região, com crescente participação da China. O artigo sustenta que a existência de relacionamentos comerciais já bastante consolidados do Brasil na região e a competição de atores extrarregionais têm exigido um esforço de integração renovado, que se vê hoje impulsionado pela evolução da conjuntura internacional. A nova agenda econômico-comercial desenvolvida pelo Brasil na América Latina é objeto da seção final, com foco no melhor aproveitamento e no aprofundamento das preferências tarifárias, assim como na negociação de novos temas, como serviços, compras governamentais, investimentos e facilitação do comércio. Suscita-se também o tema da integração produtiva, como fator essencial para a melhor exploração das complementaridades entre as economias da região. A aproximação entre o MERCOSUL e a Aliança do Pacífico é abordada como uma vertente particular dessa nova agenda.
Brasil Credor: adesão do Brasil ao Clube de Paris
Authors: Santarosa Felipe , Gerpe Mari
Published: December 2023

Em novembro de 2016, o Brasil tornou-se membro pleno do Clube de Paris (CP). O presente artigo apresenta uma análise da política brasileira de reestruturação de créditos soberanos desde os anos 90 até a sua recente adesão ao Clube, compartilhando informações de caráter técnico sobre o histórico do Brasil como país credor, dados nem sempre disponíveis ao público em geral. O artigo busca analisar também os desafios que enfrenta o Clube de Paris na atual conjuntura internacional, tais como a dinâmica de seu relacionamento com o Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI) e a China, o crescente endividamento internacional por meio de emissões de títulos ou outras modalidades não oficiais de crédito e a pluralidade de credores oficiais e privados para além do escopo do Clube de Paris. Parece cedo para se chegar a uma conclusão sobre as vantagens ou desvantagens da adesão do Brasil, e nem esse é o objetivo do artigo. Só o tempo e a participação plena do Brasil no Clube dirão se a medida foi ou não acertada. O artigo aponta, de todo modo, de maneira preliminar, como a adesão brasileira ao CP poderá afetar as relações econômicas do Brasil com países de seu entorno geopolítico. Por último, propõe alterações na legislação pátria, com base na experiência de outros países que têm utilizado a renegociação de dívidas soberanas como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento econômico.
Reduzindo o custo de ser estrangeiro: o apoio do Departamento de Promoção Comercial do Itamaraty à internacionalização de empresas brasileiras
Authors: Berbert Cristiano
Published: December 2023

O artigo analisa o papel do Departamento de Promoção Comercial (DPR), do Ministério das Relações Exteriores, na área de internacionalização de empresas. Com base no estudo de casos concretos de apoio prestado pelo Itamaraty a multinacionais brasileiras, demonstra-se que a área de promoção comercial do MRE compartilha com as empresas brasileiras em processo de internacionalização três ativos diplomáticos: inteligência (conhecimento acumulado pela rede brasileira de embaixadas e consulados‑ ‑gerais a respeito de países e mercados estrangeiros), networking (rede de contatos e o conhecimento das pessoas detidos pelos postos no exterior) e a legitimação (reconhecimento oficial por governos estrangeiros de que goza o Itamaraty). Ao oferecer esses ativos às transnacionais brasileiras, o Itamaraty cumpre seu papel na área de apoio à internacionalização de empresas, porquanto as ajuda a reduzir o custo de ser estrangeiro.
Fukushima, o Japão e o Brasil sete anos depois
Authors: Diniz Vitor
Published: December 2023

Sete anos após o terremoto e o tsunami que deflagraram o pior acidente nuclear do mundo desde Chernobyl, as consequências de Fukushima ainda são sentidas no Japão. A crise impactou aspectos variados do cotidiano, como a utilização das mídias digitais, a atuação de movimentos sociais e até a liberdade de imprensa. Contribuiu, ainda, para derrubar o governo e pôr fim a mais duradoura experiência de alternância de poder do Japão moderno. A energia nuclear foi abandonada e posteriormente retomada, e as fontes renováveis receberam estímulo inédito. No plano internacional, a solidariedade conviveu com a desconfiança, afetando até a relação com o principal aliado, os EUA. No Brasil, a preocupação com os 230 mil compatriotas que viviam no Japão à época motivou mobilização ímpar.
Um lado desconhecido da inserção internacional do Brasil: a presença empresarial brasileira no mundo árabe e em Israel
Authors: Goulart Felipe
Published: December 2023

Nas últimas décadas, as empresas brasileiras têm experimentado processo de internacionalização, apoiadas no fortalecimento de suas capacidades internas e na expansão dos serviços de promoção ao comércio exterior e de investimentos oferecidos pelo governo brasileiro. Com maior inserção na América Latina e na África Subsaariana, as transnacionais brasileiras também têm realizado sondagens e incursões em países árabes e em Israel, menos conhecidas do público e de especialistas. O presente artigo objetiva fazer mapeamento do atual envolvimento de firmas do Brasil nos mercados do Oriente Médio e do norte da África, descrevendo os investimentos e a malha de representações institucionais desses agentes econômicos na referida região do globo e tentando demonstrar, igualmente, os potenciais e desafios advindos das singularidades desse recorte geográfico.
Os mecanismos de repressão e controle cubanos na Venezuela
Authors: Ribeiro Lucas
Published: December 2023

A interferência cubana na Venezuela é uma realidade já desde décadas e intensificou-se com a subida ao poder de Hugo Chávez; contudo, parte da literatura sobre o tema considerava em determinado momento que tratava-se apenas de uma cooperação sul-sul ou ação de soft power. Este artigo visa discutir qual é o grau da interferência cubana na Venezuela: seria apenas uma cooperação sul-sul, ações de soft power, uma nova forma de colonialismo ou algo diferente? A metodologia deste trabalho utiliza como variável dependente o grau de interferência cubana na Venezuela e como variáveis independentes os mecanismos de controle e repressão cubanos na Venezuela como: Misiones Barrio Adentro, Comitês Locais de Abastecimento e Produção, Carnet de la Patria, serviços de inteligência e narcotráfico. E a partir de ampla revisão de literatura buscou-se identificar o grau de interferência cubana na Venezuela. O resultado mostrado é que existe uma interferência profunda e uma relação simbiótica da chamada “Cubazuela” através de um mecanismo definido como narco-colonialismo socialista, do qual Cuba fornece uma série de instrumentos para repressão e controle com o intuito de perpetuar seus aliados no poder.
A Índia no século XXI: desafios de uma potência em ascensão
Authors: Pontes Pedro Mariano
Published: December 2023

Ao longo da próxima década, a Índia se tornará o país mais populoso do mundo e deverá manter uma das taxas mais altas de crescimento entre as economias do G20. No entanto, a crise no setor rural, o estresse hídrico, a ampliação da oferta energética e a reforma do sistema bancário são alguns dos importantes desafios que devem ser enfrentados pela Índia para retomar sua trajetória de aceleração do crescimento e que têm resultado em apoio crescente à agenda de reformas econômicas. A ascensão do país asiático traz diversas oportunidades para o Brasil, tanto em relação ao aprofundamento de iniciativas existentes e ampliação dos fluxos de comércio e investimento quanto à identificação de novas e promissoras áreas para a expansão da cooperação bilateral.
Impasses jurídicos do Brexit: artigo 50, fronteira da Irlanda, a cidadania europeia e o futuro da integração
Authors: Mamede Anna , Pimentel Cauê
Published: December 2023

Este artigo debruçou-se sobre três questões centrais das negociações do Brexit: a disputa hermenêutica sobre a aplicação do artigo 50 do Tratado de Lisboa; o futuro da fronteira entre a República da Irlanda e a Irlanda do Norte; e, finalmente, a garantia dos direitos dos cidadãos europeus residentes no Reino Unido e dos cidadãos britânicos residentes na União Europeia. Longe de esgotar o tema, buscou-se oferecer um panorama geral dos pontos mais sensíveis do processo de negociação do Brexit, muitos deles jamais calculados pelos cidadãos que, no dia 23 de junho de 2016, votaram pela saída de seu país do bloco europeu. Argumentou-se que a dificuldade de negociações do Brexit, ainda que não tenha, por ora, incentivado outros processos de saída, evidenciou os limites do projeto europeu e do próprio futuro da integração, o que é discutido na seção final, a partir dos trabalhos de Jürgen Habermas. Entende-se que o tema se reveste da maior importância para diplomatas e estudiosos de política internacional, seja porque permite melhor informar aos leitores sobre certos aspectos técnicos do Brexit, geralmente pouco abordados pela mídia, seja porque permite refletir, criticamente, sobre o futuro da integração regional de modo amplo, tema de grande relevância para o futuro das relações internacionais do Brasil. Palavras-chave: Brexit, fronteira da Irlanda, direitos dos cidadãos, integração regional.
A agenda ambiental da OCDE e o Brasil
Authors: Marzano Fábio , Ziemath Gustavo
Published: December 2023

O artigo apresenta a relevância dos temas relacionados ao meio ambiente para o processo de acessão do Brasil à OCDE, à luz do tratamento da temática naquela organização. São destacados, igualmente, os efeitos benéficos que o adensamento da parceria com a Organização nesse setor tende a trazer para a imagem internacional do Brasil, bem como possíveis linhas de ação para adensar a agenda conjunta nessa área. Palavras-chave: política externa, meio ambiente, Brasil, OCDE, imagem, percepções.
O novo papel da gestão na política externa brasileira
Authors: Nascimento Almir
Published: December 2023

Um novo capítulo da administração pública brasileira começou em 2016, com a publicação de dispositivos jurídicos inspirados no ideário da Nova Gestão Pública. Para atuar com êxito na nova conjuntura administrativa, o Ministério das Relações Exteriores precisará não apenas seguir ajustando seu modelo de gestão, tendo como parâmetros os princípios de transparência, efetividade, accountability, racionalidade no uso dos meios e dos recursos, mas também redefinir o modus operandi diplomático, implementando o uso de ferramentas metodológicas como o planejamento estratégico. Palavras-chave: administração pública, diplomacia, gestão, gerencialismo, Itamaraty, MRE, planejamento estratégico.
Bertha Lutz e a posição brasileira sobre os direitos das mulheres na Conferência de São Francisco
Authors: Venites Sarah
Published: December 2023

A história de Bertha Lutz ainda é relativamente pouco conhecida, inclusive no meio diplomático brasileiro. Apesar de não ter sido diplomata de carreira, Lutz teve participação ativa na história da política externa brasileira. Seu prestígio político no âmbito doméstico rendeu-lhe designação para ser delegada brasileira na Conferência de São Francisco, em 1945. Seu protagonismo na Conferência pode ser considerado o auge de uma carreira política construída sobre bases sólidas. No ensaio, destaca-se a participação de Lutz em três grandes conferências de naturezas distintas: a Conferência de Baltimore (1922), a partir da qual se consolida a perspectiva de Lutz sobre a questão dos direitos das mulheres; a Conferência Interamericana de Montevidéu (1933), que inaugura a exitosa participação de Lutz em conferências oficiais – resultando na aprovação de duas de suas propostas; e, finalmente, a Conferência de São Francisco (1945), ocasião em que Lutz, com apoio de Minerva Bernardino (delegada da República Dominicana), fez prevalecer a perspectiva brasileira sobre a questão dos direitos das mulheres, vencendo resistências das delegadas de Estados Unidos e Reino Unido. Palavras-chave: Lutz; feminismo; diplomacia; direitos fundamentais.
Parameter Optimization with Chebyshev Polynomials for Trajectory Design of A RLV
Authors: Kumar Arora Rajesh , Adimurthy V. , Bhat M.S.
Published: December 2023

A trajectory optimal control problem is converted to a parameter optimization problem by approximating the states and control using piecewise Chebyshev polynomials. The Chebyshev points which control the polynomial fit is used to match the dynamics at the nodal points. Midpoint strategy significantly reduced the number of parameters to be optimized without having to sacrifice on accuracy. The resultant non- linear programming problem is solved using sequential quadratic programming method. Ascent phase trajectory optimization of a reusable launch vehicle having typical path and terminal constraints is taken as a test case.
Opportunities for Civil Aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul in India
Authors: Chandra Satish , Ramakrishna K.N. , Harinarayana Kota
Published: December 2023

The Indian airline industry is expected to see double digit growth over the next decade as the economy grows between 8-10% GDP, as structural weaknesses are removed, infrastructure strengthened and much needed capital (domestic and foreign) becomes available. It is now perceived that there is already lack of adequate infrastructure for maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO). Much of the engine, airframe and component MRO are presently being carried out abroad. As of now, there are no major independent MROs that can cater for this large fragmented market. It was felt by the Aeronautical Society of India to set up a Committee to study opportunities for MRO in India. The Committee report [1] details the different types of airframe MRO that are required including aircraft C and higher checks, engines and other equipment. The report encompasses a detailed study of manpower requirements, structure of the MRO organisation, training opportunities apart from providing a basic cost and revenue structure for any MRO. This article provides a brief overview of the report.
A Perspective on Materials, Technology and Property Data Base Development for Aero Gas Turbine Discs
Authors: Rajeevalochanam B.A. , Kumaar Anuradha , Jagadeesan B.
Published: December 2023

Modern aero engine concepts set very high technology standards for the component design, as they operate in an increasingly hostile thermo-mechanical environment. With rapid advancement in material and manufacturing processes there is a constant demand to upgrade mechanical technologies and design analysis methods. The design complexity of aero engines can be best appreciated by its demands to confirm to stringent design and operational specifications with minimum weight. The complexity of loads and constraints on weight and space has led to search of new materials and mechanical technologies which will play a key role in design of discs in future. The paper presents a perspective on integrated approach to material selection, current material & structural technologies and challenges of material property data base for application to gas turbine engines, with specific focus on rotating discs
Longitudinal Parameter Estimation Using Wind Tunnel and Simulated Flight Data of Missile Configuration
Authors: Singh S. , Ghosh A. K.
Published: December 2023

The present study makes an attempt to estimate aerodynamic parameters from a typical flight data of a short range missile. Exhaustive wind tunnel testing was conducted to generate longitudinal force and moment coefficients at low speed. Identification methods were applied on the selected wind tunnel data to capture the general form of the aerodynamic model. During the application of Maximum likelihood (ML) method, the estimation algorithm assumed this wind tunnel identified aerodynamic model to be exact. To avoid any requirement of postulation of aerodynamic model, the Delta method was applied to estimate the aerodynamic parameters. The Delta method used measured aircraft motion and control variables as the inputs to the Feed Forward Neural Network and the aerodynamic force or moment coefficient was the output for training the Feed Forward Neural Network. The application of the Delta method results in large scatters in the estimated parameters. To overcome this problem of large scatter, the Delta method was modified by changing the training strategy. The Delta method with new training strategy will be referred as the Modified Delta method. It is expected that the proposed Modified Delta method would result in estimates with less uncertainties. Further to check the robustness of the ML, Delta and the Modified delta methods, the estimation was also carried out with flight data having known measurement noise. The effect of control input form in the accuracy of estimates obtained by ML, the Delta and the Modified Delta methods are also studied. It is observed that the Modified Delta method can advantageously be applied on the flight data of a tactical missile to estimate aerodynamic parameters. The paper progresses with the description of the generation of wind tunnel data and aerodynamic model identification using selected wind tunnel data. Finally it concludes by demonstrating applicability of ML, the Delta and the Modified Delta methods on simulated flight data of a typical short range tactical missile configuration.
On the Vibrations and Thermal Buckling of Functionally Graded Spherical Caps
Authors: Sundararajan N. , Ganapathi M.
Published: December 2023

Here, the axisymmetric free flexural vibrations and thermal buckling characteristics of functionally graded spherical caps are investigated employing a three-noded axisymmetric curved shell element based on field consistency approach. The formulation is based on first-order shear deformation theory and it includes the in-plane and rotary inertia effects. The material properties are graded in the thickness direction according to the power-law distribution in terms of volume fractions of the constituents of the material. The effective material properties are evaluated using homogenization method. A detailed numerical study is carried out to bring out the effects of shell geometries, power law index of functional graded material and base radius-to-thickness on the vibrations and buckling characteristics of spherical shells.
Thermochemical Exploration of a Cavity Based Supersonic Combustor with Liquid Kerosene Fuel
Authors: Manna P. , Behera Ramesh , Chakraborty Debasis
Published: December 2023

Thermochemical exploration of a liquid hydrocarbon fueled scram jet combustor is presented. Three dimensional Navier Stokes equations along with K-ε turbulence model and single step kerosene-air reaction kinetics are solved using commercial software. Various combustor configurations with different fuel injection cavities are analyzed. Simulations capture all the essential features of the flow field. Good comparisons between computational and experimental surface pressure form the basis for further analysis. Parametric studies have been carried out with different droplet diameters to study its effect in the flow development. The numerical simulation also confirmed the experimental observation that the threshold value of length-to-depth ratio for cavity characterization is different for reacting and non-reacting flows.
An Improved Dynamic Condensation Approach
Authors: Kanade Vivekanand S. , Kamat S.M. , Jayalekshmi B.R. , Badari Narayana K. , Singh Gajbir
Published: December 2023

It is difficult to determine natural frequencies and modal shapes of a Dynamic system having large number of degrees of freedom (DOF) and, in addition, expensive. It is always desirable to reduce the DOF of the system. Of various methods Guyan’s condensation and Component modal analysis are quite popular for reducing the problem size. The present work deals with Guyan’s approach and improvements in its basic form to suit for dynamic problems. The Guyan’s Reduction method ignores the mass in calculating the transformation matrix, hence for dynamic problems its accuracy is usually low. This problem is overcome, by adopting an iterative technique in which the inertia terms are improved by a linearization process. Another important aspect in the implementation of a condensation procedure is the selection of the primary and slave DOF. In the present work, a two step approach is attempted wherein, first, a primary DOF set is selected on the basis of energy method or Ritz vectors and later, the inertial contribution of the transformation matrix is improved through an iterative procedure. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated with two examples.
Implementation of Real-time Parameter Estimation in Labview and Dsp
Authors: Kamali C. , Raol J.R. , Pashilkar A.A.
Published: December 2023

This paper presents the results of real time aircraft parameter estimation technology in an aircraft real time simulator. The equation error Recursive Least Squares (RLS) method is used for performing the parameter estimation. The RLS technique is successfully adapted for on-line parameter estimation by a novel methodology that will work when measurements of state derivatives are not available. Subsequently, the algorithm is implemented in Lab VIEW and in digital signal processor (DSP) hardware to demonstrate its suitability for further implementation at flight test centers and for on-board parameter estimation for aircraft.
Static Behaviour of Laminated Composite Shells Containing Piezoelectric Actuators and Sensors
Authors: Sai Ram K.S. , Srinivas Ch.
Published: December 2023

The behavior of laminated composite shells with piezoelectric actuators and sensors subjected to external load and electric potential is investigated. The analysis is carried out using the finite element method based on first-order shear deformation theory. An eight nodded degenerated isoparametric shell element with five degrees of freedom at each node is considered. Results are presented for the variation of deflection and stresses in the simply supported laminated composite cylindrical shell panel subjected uniform normal pressure and electric potential.
Indian Space Programme- An Overview
Authors: Alex T.K.
Published: December 2023

No Abstract
Missile Technologies and Future Trends
Authors: Saraswat V.K.
Published: December 2023

No Abstract
Enhanced Regional Air Transportation in India- Needs, Issues And Challenges
Authors: Harinarayana Kota , Chandra Satish
Published: December 2023

The Indian economy has been growing between 7-9% per annum in the last few years. However much of this growth has taken place in the metros and other major cities. To sustain this growth, it is essential that growth spreads beyond the metros to interior regions of the country. For sustained economic growth, one of the key requirements is connectivity. Air transportation has been acknowledged world over as an important facilitator for economic growth. In particular, affordable air connectivity has proved vital for the smaller towns and cities to attract investment from high technology business. Also to sustain adequate traffic, it is important for the ticket prices to be affordable to the local population and this can only be achieved by the aircraft, right sized incorporating advanced technologies leading to reduced acquisition and operating cost and such an aircraft should have capability to operate from ill equipped airfields in all weather conditions. The key requirements are defined and main technologies that would enable development of such an aircraft are also defined.
CFD Simulation of Low Speed Turbulent Flow Problems Using Unsteady Rans and Large Eddy Simulation Approach
Authors: Majumdar Sekhar , Rajani B.N. , Kulkarni D.S. , Subrahmanya M.B.
Published: December 2023

The present paper focuses on the recent development of an implicit pressure-based finite volume algorithm for numerical solution of Navier Stokes equation in an inertial frame of reference for prediction of unsteady incompressible flow problems. The algorithm uses boundary-conforming, multiblock structured grid with moving boundaries, collocated variable arrangement with momentum equations resolved along cartesian directions, second order accurate spatial and temporal discretisation schemes for the convective fluxes and a pressurevelocity solution strategy. Effect of turbulence is simulated using one of the two different approaches. In the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged (URANS) approach coupled to appropriate eddy viscosity based turbulence models, the Navier Stokes (NS) equations, averaged over the whole range of turbulent length scales of the flow, are solved numerically. On the other hand, in the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach, the model filtered 3D NS equations are directly solved for the flow variables to resolve the large scale turbulent motions whereas the transport processes at the fine subgrid scale level only are simulated using simple algebraic turbulence model. The capabilities and limitations of both the cost-effective URANS approach and the relatively expensive but rich in physics LES approach have been demonstrated for few application problems of engineering interest.
Direct Method of Aerodynamic Shape Optimization For Supersonic Aircraft Design
Authors: Takovitskii S. A.
Published: December 2023

The efficient direct optimization method for Supersonic Aircraft Design is presented. Aerodynamic drag and sonic boom signature parameters are used as the objective functions minimized under geometric and aerodynamic constraints. The method combines Newton based algorithm with Euler space-marching solver. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated on examples of two- and three-dimensional aerodynamic design. Nose shapes that ensure minimum wave drag for specified constraints on the overall size are defined. It is shown that the near-optimal axisymmetric noses have a flat forward face. The median surface of a complex plane form wing with minimal drag due to lift is constructed. The simplest shape deformation of the wing providing the main part of aerodynamic drag diminishing is established. To profile the aircraft wing and fuselage providing optimal sonic boom parameters approaches of theory for sonic boom propagation are included in the method. The initial shock intensity as the primary value of the pressure signature is minimized. The results obtained within the framework of the Eulers equations and simplified flow models are compared.
Nonlinear Behavior of Fgm Skew Plates Under In-Plane Load
Authors: Prakash T. , Singha M.K. , Ganapathi M.
Published: December 2023

Nonlinear behavior of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) skew plates under in-plane load is investigated here using a shear deformable eight noded iso-parametric plate bending finite element. The material is graded in the thickness direction according to a power-law distribution in terms of volume fractions of the constituents. The effective material properties are estimated using Mori-Tanaka homogenization method. The nonlinear governing equations for the FGM plate under in-plane load are solved by Newton-Raphson technique to obtain the out-of-plane central deflection and in-plane displacement of the loaded edge. The existence of bifurcation-type of buckling for FGM plates is examined for different boundary conditions, constituent gradient index, and skew angle.
Small-Perturbation Analysis of Airplane Dynamics With Dynamic Stability Derivatives Redefined
Authors: Raghavan Brijesh , Ananthkrishnan N.
Published: December 2023

The first successful powered and controlled heavier-than-air flight and the subsequent meteoric rise of aviation in the 20th century also brought with it mathematical models to understand the phenomenon of flight. Though successful to a large extent as is obvious from their longevity, these models still suffer from the odd anomalous result. Upon careful examination, the source of this problem can be traced to an inappropriate choice of dynamic stability derivatives that is inconsistent with the aerodynamics. In order to correctly distinguish between the different mechanisms that are responsible for the aerodynamic forces and moments generated due to body angular rates in flight, this paper refines the existing model for flight mechanics by redefining the dynamic stability derivatives with respect to, i) relative rate of rotation between the body and wind axes, and ii) the rate of rotation of the wind axis with respect to the earth axis, sometimes called flow curvature effect. Further, new literal approximations to the longitudinal and lateral-directional modes have been obtained in terms of the redefined dynamic stability parameters. The new approximations, for instance, correctly relate the short-period natural frequency to the longitudinal static stability parameter Cmα.
Wind Tunnel Study of a Grid Fin Stabilized Guided Projectile
Authors: Misra A. , Singhal A. , Ghosh A.K. , Ghosh K.
Published: December 2023

There is a need for methods/techniques to analyze the aerodynamics of grid fins at high angle of attack. The existing methods to predict or compute the aerodynamic parameters for grid fins are inadequate at high angles of attack. The present study attempts to extend the understanding of the complex aerodynamics associated with grid fins. The analysis draws its conclusion from wind tunnel test results of five basic grid fin configurations. A vortex lattice solution was used to model the aerodynamics of the chosen grid fins. Next the analytical and empirical relations as discussed in open literature were applied to model grid fin aerodynamics at high angle of attack. The aerodynamic coefficients were computed. These coefficients were then compared with the experimental results obtained using the five grid fin configurations. To improve the matching at high angle of attack a proposed approach using Kirchoff’s theory along with vortex lattice method was applied. The results show that this approach can be a starting tool to model lattice/grid fin aerodynamics.
Thermo Structural Integrity of a Closure Assembly for The Base Region of a Re-Entry Module
Authors: Varghese Rony C. , Unnikrishnan C. , Sundar B. , Jacob Susamma , Joseph George
Published: December 2023

Base heating is an important phenomenon in the design of re-entry capsules. The nature of reverse flow in the base region is largely decided by the conditions prevailing at the end of the fore body. For configuration like the re-entry module, the reverse flow is found to be supersonic near the base. It is therefore necessary to protect the base region as well as the internal components from base heating.

Suitable Thermal Protection System (TPS) of minimum mass that will protect the base thermally is to be designed for the base heating levels during re-entry. Low density ablative is selected as the TPS material.

The base region of the re-entry module consists of a closure assembly made up of structural elements which are thermally protected. The structural elements and TPS have different thermo-physical properties. It is necessary to qualify the closure assembly for re-entry loads. However, qualification of closure assembly is a challenging job as there is no facility in the world which can simulate all the time varying flight parameters simultaneously. Hence to study the integrity of the closure assembly during re-entry, detailed temperature mapping of closure assembly was carried out.

Thermal mapping of the closure assembly was carried out considering both axisymmetric and three-dimensional model using finite element package and the results are compared. Maximum temperatures attained at different locations of the assembly are discussed. Temperature distribution of the closure assembly at critical instants of flight was estimated. Thermo-structural analysis carried out showed the adequacy of the design, which was subsequently demonstrated by a successful re-entry flight.
A Generic Error Simulation in Digital Photoelasticity By Jones Calculus
Authors: Ramji M. , Prasath R.G.R. , Ramesh K.
Published: December 2023

Photoelasticity is a whole field experimental technique to obtain stress fields in both 2-D and 3-D elasticity problems. With advancements in Digital Image Processing (DIP), a separate branch of photoelasticity namely digital photoelasticity came into existence wherein the intensity of the images is used for photoelastic parameter estimation. The accuracy of parameter evaluation by digital photoelastic techniques depends on the choice of the optical arrangements for parameter estimation, the inherent error in optical elements and any misalignments introduced during experimentation. A generic approach to simulation of error in digital photoelasticity by Jones calculus is presented in this paper. The simulation accounts for inherent error in quarter-wave plates and also accommodates the error due to the optical misalignment of the various optical elements. The applicability of the new methodology is shown for the most popular six-step phase shifting technique. The methodology proposed is generic and is applicable to study the influence of error sources on parameter estimation for various techniques proposed in digital photoelasticity.
Performance Improvement of Kerosene Fuelled Scramjet Combustor Through Modified Fuel Injection - A Cfd Study
Authors: Manna P. , Dharavath Malsur , Chakraborty Debasis
Published: December 2023

Full scale kerosene fuelled scramjet combustor of a hypersonic air-breathing vehicle is numerically explored for two different fuel injection systems. A commercial software CFXTASCflow has been used for the reacting flow computation within the combustor. Three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are solved along with k-ε turbulence model to analyse the flow field. Eddy Dissipation Model (EDM) with fast rate chemical kinetics is used for combustion modeling. Lagrangian Particle Tracking Method (LPTM) has been used to simulate the trajectory of the kerosene droplets. Kerosene is injected from the struts. Reacting flow simulations have been carried out for the fuel equivalence ratio of 1.0. The overall flow characteristics in the combustor are presented through the distribution of various thermochemical parameters at different cross sections. Kerosene which is injected in liquid phase completely vaporizes within the combustor. Considerable improvement in the performance in terms of thrust and combustion efficiency is observed with the modified fuel injection system.
Integration of Emergency Locator Transmitter (Elt) Of Aircraft With the Global Positioning System (Gps) Receiver - A Vlsi Design Approach
Authors: Lal Kishore K. , Paul Russel U.S.
Published: December 2023

This paper deals with the VLSI design aspects of Integrated Emergency Locater Transmitter (ELT), an emergency equipment installed in the aircraft, with Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) transmits distress signals at 406 MHz and this can be detected by the satellite system. But, these satellites cannot determine the location of the transmitting ELT. If the position information calculated by Global Positioning System (GPS) is encoded in the 406 MHz signals, the satellite system can decode the location of the crash immediately and the time required for the rescue operation is minimized. Also, this integrated equipment can be incorporated with additional features that help for non emergency operations. The aspects discussed in this paper include, principles of the ELT, satellite system concepts, specifications and regulations applicable, VLSI design concepts, compatibility with other aircraft systems, and advantages of the integrated ELTGPS system over the existing ELT system etc.
A Relationship Between Laminar and Turbulent Skin-Friction In a Constant Pressure Boundary Layer
Authors: Mandal A. C. , Dey J.
Published: December 2023

For constant pressure boundary layers, a simple relationship between the laminar and turbulent skin-frictions has been suggested. At a given Reynolds number, the turbulent skin-friction is found to be ~ (laminar skin-friction)0.3.
Design Sensitivity Studies on the T-Tail Flutter of a Transport Aircraft
Authors: Vijaya Vittala N.G. , Pankaj A.C. , Venkatasubramanyam D. V.
Published: December 2023

The studies of dynamic and aeroelastic characteristics of a high T-Tail transport aircraft at component and full level using MSC/NASTRAN code and correlation with the results obtained from ground vibration tests of the aircraft have thrown light on the complexities of the T-Tail dynamics and flutter characteristics. The critical flutter velocities of the complete aircraft have been evaluated by the PK and KE methods of NASTRAN. The effects of variability of the locations and magnitude of the non-structural masses in the fuselage on the T-Tail flutter velocities have been studied by a parametric analysis. Sensitivity study of the elevator mass balancing on its dynamics and the flutter velocities have also been addressed. The flutter velocities and margins have been examined from the certification aspects. Addressing design issues of the aircraft related to fuselage flexibility and T-Tail flutter from an aeroelastic point of view has been attempted in this paper.
Isothermal Turbulent Flow Analysis of an Aero Gas Turbine Combustor
Authors: Muthuveerappan N. , Shankar Venkataraman , Ganesan V.
Published: December 2023

Flow field in a practical aero gas turbine combustor is investigated, under isothermal flow conditions. Simulation has been carried out using commercial CFD software, FLUENT. Complete combustor, starting from compressor exit to turbine inlet, has been modelled using hexahedral dominant grid. All the complicated features of the combustor, including the swirler, have been modelled. Based on the isothermal flow analysis results of the baseline configuration, changes had been made to various air injection holes of the combustor liner, to improve the flow field. Modification on the primary and dilution holes of the liner, by incorporating canted chutes, has been studied. The effect of chuted holes on the jet penetration, mass flow distribution on the annuli and pressure loss is presented. Particular emphasis is given to achieving the proper primary zone recirculation pattern and the jet angle during this study.
A Simple Method to Plot Photoelastic Fringes and Phasempas from Finite Element Results
Authors: Neethi Simon B. , Ramesh K.
Published: December 2023

Plotting of photoelastic fringes and phasemaps from Finite Element (FE) results enables whole-field visual comparison with experimental results. There have been studies to plot isochromatic and isoclinic fringe contours and phasemaps from FE results earlier, using special, stand-alone, post-processing software, developed on different platforms. In this paper, to simulate photoelastic fringe contours and phasemaps realistically, a new strategy that uses the standard post-processor functionalities available in a commercial FE package is proposed and validated with experimental results. The simplified approach also comes in handy for visualizing the photoelastic fringe patterns in transient problems.
Fusion Architectures for 3D Target Tracking Using IRST and Radar Measurements
Authors: Naidu VPS
Published: December 2023

Seven different architectures are presented to fuse IRST and radar data to track the target in 3D Cartesian coordinates, with the measurements available in polar coordinates. Performance of these architectures is checked with simulated data. Detailed mathematical expressions are provided which could be useful for algorithm implementation. From this study, it is concluded that CM (Common Measurements) architecture gives state estimates with relatively less uncertainty followed by SVF (State Vector Fusion). IRST gives target states with relatively high uncertainty followed by radar. This shows the necessity of the fusion in tracking system. In all, CM architecture is very simple, easy to implement and can be used in real time.