bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Effects of Three Tree Species on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Communities During Land-Use Change from Farmland to Forests
Authors: Jian Yi , Lin Jing , Mu Changlong , Wang Yuqi , He Zhenyang , Chen Gang , Ding Wei
Published: February 2025

In recent decades, much of China’s farmland has been transformed into forests due to the Conversion of Farmland to Forests and Grasses Project. While past research has mainly examined soil nutrients and water conservation, less attention has been given to soil microbial communities. This study examined the effects of converting farmland to forests of Pleioblastus amarus (PA), Populus deltoides (PD), or Zanthoxylum bungeanum (ZB) on the soil physiochemical properties, enzymes, and microbial communities, using abandoned land (AL) as the control, over a period of five years. The results showed that PA increased the soil organic carbon (SOC) content, although not significantly, while significantly boosting the C:N and C:P ratios and urease activity compared to the AL. PD notably reduced the amylase and cellulase activities, as well as the fungal Shannon index. Additionally, the beta diversity of both the bacterial and fungal communities in the PA stand was clearly distinct from that of the AL and the other tree species. The SOC content, total potassium content, and cellulase activity showed significant correlations with bacterial communities. Moreover, the bacterial community changes in the PD and ZB stands were mainly driven by the genera Steroidobacter, Roseisolibacter, and Serendipita, and were negatively correlated with the SOC content, C:N and C:P ratios, and cellulase activity. In contrast, the fungal community changes in the PA stand were primarily influenced by the order Capnodiales, family Capnodiaceae, genus Chaetocapnodium, and species Chaetocapnodium philippinense, which were positively correlated with the soil pH, C:N and C:P ratios, and cellulase activity. Furthermore, “Metabolism” was identified as the primary bacterial function, and converting farmland to forest altered the fungal nutritional type from Saprotroph to Pathotroph–Saprotroph–Symbiotroph, particularly in the PA stand. These findings indicate that converting farmland to forest, particularly with bamboo P. amarus, significantly impacts the bacterial and fungal communities in the soil and changes the fungal trophic type due to the carbon source and cellulase activity of this tree species.
The Influence of Juniper on the Soil Properties of Pine Stands in the Taiga Zone of the European North
Authors: Medvedeva Maria Vladimirovna , Raevsky Boris Vladimirovich
Published: February 2025

This study was performed on the territory of Northern Europe in the Middle taiga subzone of Karelia. The work was conducted at two test sites (Site I, Site II) located in a pine forest in the coastal area of Lake Segozero. In these territories, areas under juniper (UCB) and under lingonberry-blueberry plant microgroups (CB) were isolated. This article presents the results of the effect of juniper on the properties of the upper soil horizon, forest litter (O), and mineral podzolic horizon (E (UCB)). The forest floor (O), and the mineral podzolic horizon (E) of soils located under the lingonberry-blueberry plant microgroup (CB) were selected as controls. The volume weight; acidity; content of total C, total N, total K, and total P had differences in different horizons (O, E) of the soils at the studied sites (Site I, Site II; CB, UCB). The results showed a tendency for C and N reserves to increase in the upper soil horizon under juniper. K and P reserves in this soil horizon tended to decrease. An increase in catalase activity was found in soils under juniper (Site I, II—UCB), which indicates a change in redox conditions. An increase in the rate of cellulose decomposition was noted in UCB sites compared with CB, which is consistent with the results of other studies. Mathematical and statistical analysis confirmed the formation of vegetative microgroups (CB and UCB) in cranberry pine (Site I, Site II) and also allowed us to identify conjugate pairs of chemical parameters (nitrogen reserves, C, catalase activity, and cellulose-destroying ability of soils) that differ in these sites.
Experimental Study of the Effects of Initial Ullage Height and Water Layer Thickness on Crude Oil Boilover Characteristics
Authors: Li Yueyang , Yan Cong , Jing Qi , Luan Guohua , Li Xin , Li Yuntao , Zhang Yunhe , Zhang Binglu , Ma Guangbo
Published: February 2025

In crude oil storage tank fires, large amounts of firefighting water are used, which may trigger boilover. Variations in oil level affect ullage height, while firefighting water injection alters the water layer thickness, with both processes influencing boilover behavior. This study conducts boilover experiments with 3 types of crude oil to investigate the effects of ullage height and water layer thickness. The results show that the water-cooling effect delays boilover onset time, suppresses intensity, and reduces the mass burning rate, with Jidong crude showing the highest reduction (19.2%). However, the water-cooling effect has a limit, and its influence weakens when the water layer thickness exceeds 6 cm. Ullage height affects flame behavior. A moderate increase enhances combustion and shortens boilover onset time, while further increases cause self-extinction. The oil–water interface temperature varies nonlinearly between approximately 100 and 120 °C with changing ullage height. The variation trends of hot wave propagation rate with water layer thickness and ullage height are consistent with those of the burning rate, and correlation equations between them are established. Additionally, the study shows that light crude oil exhibits a later boilover onset with a longer duration and experiences 2~3 distinct boilover events, whereas high-viscosity Jidong crude oil undergoes a single short and intense boilover.
Seasonal Fluctuations in Geosmin and Terpenes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in an Outdoor Commercial Recirculated Aquaculture System Facility
Authors: Podduturi Raju , Petersen Mikael Agerlin , Stougaard Peter , Jørgensen Niels O. G.
Published: February 2025

Seasonal changes in geosmin and selected terpenes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in an outdoor recirculated aquaculture system (RAS) in Denmark were followed over three months. In the water, geosmin varied from 4.1 to 25.7 ng/L, but no seasonal trends were obvious. Variable trends occurred for geosmin relative to concentrations of inorganic N (ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate) and phosphate, and did not indicate a general relationship. The geosmin content of the fish ranged from 669 to 2264 ng/kg and covaried with geosmin in the water. The average number of the geoA gene (encoding geosmin synthase) was 2.41 × 105 copies/L in the water and 3.29 × 107 copies on each bio-element in the biofilter. In only one of the three examined RAS units, geosmin in the water and on the bio-elements covaried with the number of geoA copies. Among the identified four terpenes in the fish flesh, α-pinene was dominant and made up 55.9–62.8% of the terpenes. The presence of aroma-active terpenes in the fish suggests that not only geosmin concentrations should be considered when characterizing taste profiles of farmed rainbow trout.
Effects of Pile-Fermentation Duration on the Taste Quality of Single-Cultivar Large-Leaf Dark Tea: Insights from Metabolomics and Microbiomics
Authors: Yang Wanying , Chen Ruohong , Sun Lingli , Li Qiuhua , Lai Xingfei , Zhang Zhenbiao , Lai Zhaoxiang , Hao Mengjiao , Li Qian , Lin Sen , Ni He , Sun Shili
Published: February 2025

The pile-fermentation conditions and raw materials used play a vital role in determining the stability and quality of dark tea. In this study, sensory quality evaluation, metabolomics, and microbiomics techniques were used to investigate the effect of pile-fermentation duration on the taste quality of single-cultivar large-leaf dark tea (SLDT) and its underlying metabolite and microbial mechanisms. The study revealed that a 60-day duration resulted in a better SLDT sensory quality, with astringency and bitterness significantly reduced and sweetness increased. Catechins and theaflavins with ester structures, L-epicatechin, methyl gallate, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, salicin, chlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid were key taste metabolites contributing to the reduction of astringency and bitterness. Salicylic acid and D-sorbitol helped form the sweetness. Correlation analysis found out Aspergillus, Thermomyces, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcaceae were core functional microorganisms linked to these metabolites, helping to foster the higher quality of SLDT. Microorganisms shaped the taste quality of SLDT through metabolic processes and enzyme secretion during pile-fermentation. This study provided insights into the metabolite basis and microbiological mechanisms of SLDT taste formation and offered guidance for optimizing production processes to improve the stability and quality of dark tea.
Impact of Supercritical CO2 Treatment on Lupin Flour and Lupin Protein Isolates
Authors: Domínguez-Valencia Rubén , Bermúdez Roberto , Pateiro Mirian , Purriños Laura , Benedito Jose , Lorenzo José M.
Published: February 2025

Global population growth is putting pressure on the food supply, necessitating the exploration of new, alternative, and sustainable protein sources. Lupin, an underutilized legume in human nutrition, has the potential to play a significant role in addressing this challenge. However, its incorporation into the human diet requires thorough investigation, including exploring and optimizing functionalization processes to maximize its potential. This study aimed to optimize the parameters (pressure, time, and CO2 flow) for extracting anti-technological factors (ATFs) from lupin using supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) and to evaluate the effects of this extraction on both the flour and the protein isolate derived from it. Optimization revealed that the optimal SC-CO2 conditions were a CO2 flow rate of 4 kg/h at 400 bar for 93 min. Under these conditions, significant changes were observed in the flour composition, including a reduction in oil, polyphenols, and moisture content, along with an increase in ash content. Improved color parameters were also noted. These variations were attributed to the removal of oil and phenolic compounds during processing. Furthermore, this research demonstrated that SC-CO2 treatment improved lupin protein isolate (LPI) purity (93.81 ± 0.31% vs. 87.42 ± 0.48%), significantly reduced oil content (8.31 ± 0.09% vs. 14.31 ± 0.32%), and enhanced color parameters. The SC-CO2 procedure also resulted in a higher protein extraction yield (56.95 ± 0.45% vs. 53.29 ± 2.37%). However, the total extraction yield (g LPI/100 g of flour) was not affected by SC-CO2 treatment, remaining at 24.30 ± 0.97% for the control sample and 24.21 ± 0.26% for the treated sample. The extracted oil (2.71 ± 0.11 g/100 g of flour), a co-product of the SC-CO2 step, exhibited a fatty acid profile characterized by high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (62.8 ± 0.74 g/100 g oil), oleic acid (27.76 ± 0.77 g/100 g oil), linoleic acid (25.98 ± 0.73 g/100 g oil), and α-linolenic acid (5.32 ± 0.16 g/100 g oil), as well as a balanced ratio of essential fatty acids (n-6/n-3 = 4.89). The treatment had minimal to no effect on amino acid content or chemical score, and the protein was characterized by high amounts of essential amino acids (334 ± 3.12 and 328 ± 1.05 mg/g protein in LPI-control and LPI-SF, respectively). These findings demonstrate that both the LPI and the oil extracted using SC-CO2 possess high nutritional quality and are suitable for human food applications.
Surimi and Low-Salt Surimi Gelation: Key Components to Enhance the Physicochemical Properties of Gels
Authors: Walayat Noman , Blanch María , Moreno Helena M.
Published: February 2025

Surimi-based products are nutritionally valuable due to their essential amino acid composition, their content of high-quality proteins with excellent digestibility, and their low fat content. However, to achieve the desired texture, a significant amount of salt (1–3%) must be added, which could compromise their health benefits. This study provides an overview of surimi production, the gelation mechanism of myosin, and the most relevant gelation enhancers that could be used in manufacturing low-salt surimi-based products. Reducing the salt content in surimi-based products presents a significant challenge for the industry, not only from technological and sensory perspectives but also in response to the growing demand of consumers for healthier food options. So, this manuscript highlights several strategies for achieving optimal quality characteristics in relation to functional properties for the surimi products industry. In addition, surimi as a raw material is often misunderstood by consumers, who may question its nutritional value and, consequently, its consumption. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly explain the processing of this raw material and emphasize the importance of proper myofibrillar protein gelation to develop high-value surimi-based products.
Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Dwarf Form of Purpleback Flying Squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Family Ommastrephidae
Authors: Duo Wenjuan , Xu Lei , Mohd Yusof Mohd Johari , Wang Yingmin , Ng Seng Beng , Du Feiyan
Published: February 2025

Background: The Ommastrephidae family of cephalopods is important in marine ecosystems as both predators and prey. Species such as Todarodes pacificus, Illex argentinus, and Dosidicus gigas are economically valuable but are threatened by overfishing and environmental changes. The genus Sthenoteuthis, especially S. oualaniensis, shows significant morphological and genetic variation, including medium-sized and dwarf forms found in the South China Sea. Methods: Specimens of S. oualaniensis were collected from the South China Sea, their genomic DNA sequenced, and phylogenetic relationships analyzed using mitochondrial genomes from various Ommastrephidae species. Results: The study presents the complete mitochondrial genome of the dwarf form of S. oualaniensis (20,320 bp) and compares it with the medium-sized form, revealing a typical vertebrate structure with 13 protein-coding genes, 21 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes, along with a strong AT bias. Nucleotide composition analysis shows a 12% genetic divergence between the two forms, suggesting a recent common ancestor and potential cryptic speciation, with all protein-coding genes exhibiting purifying selection based on Ka/Ks ratios below 1. Conclusions: The mitochondrial genome of the dwarf form of S. oualaniensis shows a close evolutionary relationship with the medium-sized form and a 12% genetic divergence, suggesting potential cryptic speciation. These findings underscore the importance of mitochondrial analysis in understanding speciation and guiding future conservation efforts.
Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes in Neonates with Esophageal Atresia: A 30-Year Population-Based Study
Authors: Kovačević Tanja , Polić Branka , Markić Joško , Ardalić Čatipović Tatjana , Bucat Marija , Mikulić Svjetlana , Žuvan Leona , Pogorelić Zenon , Despot Ranka , Žitko Vanda , Meštrović Julije , Lozić Bernarda , Jerončić Ana
Published: February 2025

Background and objectives: Outcomes of neonates diagnosed with esophageal atresia (EA), a rare congenital malformation, vary widely. Due to limited and fragmented data globally, major regional centers offer a crucial opportunity to better understand EA’s epidemiology and the management. This study aimed to address these gaps by determining total birth prevalence and early treatment outcomes of EA in southern Croatia. Methods: All EA cases (1991–2020) were retrospectively ascertained from medical documentation at the only tertiary referral center for EA in southern Croatia, with birth data collected from the entire background population. We collected data on neonates’ status and diagnosis, operative findings, early postoperative complications, and treatment outcome from this single center. Results: A total of 53 cases were identified, with an average total birth prevalence of 2.44 per 10,000 total births/year. No significant sex differences were found (p = 0.339), and most cases were complex Vogt 3B. The mortality rate dropped from 87 to 8% over a 30-year period (p < 0.001). The 1-year survival rate was 54% (95% CI 40–68%) for liveborns and 64% (50–79%) for liveborns who underwent surgery and intensive care. However, 16% of patients died before surgery due to hemodynamic instability, and among those operated on, high sepsis, pneumonia, and atelectasis rates were observed. Conclusions: EA prevalence in southern Croatia aligns with European data. Survival improved significantly after 2002, coinciding with a dedicated pediatric ICU and enhanced pediatric care training. Further advancements in early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are needed to further reduce mortality. Strengthened postoperative infection control and optimized postoperative respiratory support are also crucial to minimizing complications.
Clinical Evidence of the Use of Mepolizumab in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Moffa Antonio , Iafrati Francesco , Giorgi Lucrezia , Nardelli Domiziana , Carnuccio Luca , Baptista Peter , Olszewska Ewa , Casale Manuele
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) poses significant therapeutic challenges. The introduction of Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, offers a new therapeutic option for patients with severe, uncontrolled CRSwNP. This prospective observational study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of Mepolizumab for treating severe CRSwNP in Italy. Methods: A single-center prospective observational study conducted in real-life settings with the patients of our center. Prior to enrollment, each patient underwent an interdisciplinary evaluation involving a pulmonologist and an allergologist if deemed necessary. All patients who were referred for treatment with Mepolizumab in compliance with the AIFA guidelines and the EPOS/EUFOREA update were included in the study population: (1) subjects who were over the age of 18, (2) who had severe CRSwNP, (3) whose condition was not successfully managed with standard therapies alone, and (4) whose blood eosinophil counts were greater than 150 cells/mL. Mepolizumab was administered subcutaneously through a 100 mg injection once every four weeks in addition to the standard-of-care therapy. Results: At the end of the enrollment process, 20 patients with severe CRSwNP were enrolled. Significant improvements were observed in Nasal Polyp Score, quality of life (SNOT-22; p < 0.05), and nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea (p < 0.05), while no significant improvements were seen in olfactory function (p < 0.05). Eosinophil levels also significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Mepolizumab effectively manages severe CRSwNP, showing improvements in symptom control and quality of life with an acceptable safety profile.
Prevalence, Causes, and Risk Factors Associated with Visual Impairment in Qbah, a Rural Community in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldakhil Sulaiman , Alrasheed Saif Hassan , Mutwaly Raghda Faisal , Alenezi Bandar , Alrabiah Saad , Alnawmasi Mohammed M. , Almutairi Nawaf M. , Alhoshan Saja A. , Alnasser Bashair N.
Published: February 2025

Background: Visual impairment can significantly impact an individual’s performance, productivity, and overall quality of life. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to report the prevalence, causes, and risk factors associated with visual impairment in Qbah, a rural community in the Qassim Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Qbah, a rural community, with 587 subjects aged 6 to 80 years. Data were collected as part of a major campaign by Qassim University, and each participant underwent a comprehensive eye examination. Finally, the visual impairment was classified based on the International Classification of Diseases 11th revision, 2018 (ICD-11). Results: The overall prevalence of presenting visual impairment was 159 (27.1%). This included mild visual impairment 84 (14.37%), moderate visual impairment 65 (11.7%), severe visual impairment, and blindness 5 (0.90%). The main causes of visual impairment were uncorrected refractive errors (UREs), at 132 (83.0%), followed by amblyopia, at 14 (8.8%), and cataract, at 9 (5.7%). The prevalence of hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism was 134 (22.8%), 174 (29.6%), and 13 (2.2%), respectively. Regression analysis revealed that the odds for visual impairment were 2.71 times higher in the elderly compared to the young participants. Women have 2.234 times higher odds of visual impairment compared to men, while the odds of visual impairment were 14.83 times higher in the participants with the URE compared to the emmetropic participants. Almost two-thirds of participants (65.8%) reported never having had an eye examination before. Conclusions: Visual impairment was common in the community, especially among older people and females, and URE was the main cause of visual impairment, followed by amblyopia and cataract. Considerable subjects reported never having had an eye examination before; this highlights the challenges in accessing healthcare in rural areas. These findings emphasize the importance of improving healthcare accessibility in rural regions.
Knowledge and Use of Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology in the Clinical Practice of Brazilian Psychologists: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Melnik Tamara , Sinval Jorge , Pinho Vanessa Dordron de , Junior José Antônio Spencer Hartmann , Oliveira Margareth da Silva , Lopes Fernanda Machado
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The use of scientific evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders is crucial for achieving optimal clinical outcomes and providing high-quality care. This study investigates the knowledge, sources of evidence, and attitudes of Brazilian clinical psychologists regarding evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) and discusses barriers to its implementation. Methods: A total of 696 Brazilian clinical psychologists participated in an online questionnaire designed to assess their understanding of EBPP, their familiarity with scientific platforms/databases, and their professional development investments. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted, which can be used to identify subgroups of psychologists with similar patterns of professional and training characteristics. Results: The results indicate that while psychologists recognized the importance of EBPP for effective patient care, there was a significant gap in understanding its fundamental principles and concepts. Many participants reported the limited use of scientific databases, missing opportunities to access the latest research advancements. A lower percentage of psychologists consistently implemented EBPP in their clinical practice, highlighting a gap between knowledge and application. Four latent classes emerged from the LCA: I—experienced/established professional psychologist; II—academic psychologist; III—supervised traditional psychologist; and IV—young professional psychologist. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for better integration of EBPP into psychology curricula and continuing education programs. Enhancing clinical psychologists’ understanding and proficiency in EBPP can promote evidence-based decision-making and improve the quality of mental health care in Brazil. Efforts should be made to familiarize psychologists with reliable scientific databases, equip them with skills to critically appraise research, and foster a culture of lifelong learning and professional development. Additionally, it is essential to develop strategies tailored to the distinct profiles of professionals identified in this study, considering their training sources, reference usage, and knowledge of EBPP.
Lower Musculoskeletal Fitness Among Youth with Disabilities, Ages 6 to 15 Years
Authors: Pitchford E. Andrew , Leung Willie
Published: February 2025

Background: Youth with disabilities (YWD) often exhibit deficits in physical fitness, but much of the literature is limited by small, non-representative samples. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in musculoskeletal fitness between youth with and without disabilities from the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey (NYFS). Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted with cross-sectional data from the 2012 NYFS of youth, 6 to 15 years of age. Fitness measures included plank, modified pull-ups, and grip strength. Disability was identified by multiple parent report items. Logistic regression with sampling weights was employed to examine group differences and associated factors. Results: A total of 1177 youth were analyzed, including 173 YWD. A significantly greater proportion of YWD demonstrated low fitness in all three measures compared to youth without disabilities. Factors associated with low fitness included sex, engagement in physical activity, and the body mass index category. Age was not a significant factor for any fitness measure. Conclusions: This secondary analysis provides additional evidence for lower musculoskeletal fitness among YWD, in particular for females and youth with obesity. Physical fitness continues to be an area in need of intervention to improve overall health among YWD.
Automatic Annotation of Map Point Features Based on Deep Learning ResNet Models
Authors: Zhang Yaolin , Qin Zhiwen , Ma Jingsong , Zhang Qian , Wang Xiaolong
Published: February 2025

Point feature cartographic label placement is a key problem in the automatic configuration of map labeling. Prior research on it only addresses label conflict or overlap issues; it does not fully take into account and resolve both types of issues. In this study, we attempt to apply machine learning techniques to the automatic placement of point feature labels since label placement is a task that heavily relies on expert expertise, which is very congruent with neural networks’ ability to mimic the human brain’s thought process. We trained ResNet using large amounts of well-labeled picture data. The label’s proper location for a given unlabeled point feature was then predicted by the trained model. We assessed the outcomes both quantitatively and qualitatively, contrasting the ResNet model’s output with that of the expert manual placement approach and the conventional Maplex automatic placement method. According to the evaluation, the ResNet model’s test set accuracy was 97.08%, demonstrating its ability to locate the point feature label in the right place. This study offers a workable solution to the label overlap and conflict issue. Simultaneously, it has significantly enhanced the map’s esthetic appeal and the information’s clarity.
Augmented Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling During TMJ Development Alters Morphology in a Timepoint-Dependent Manner
Authors: Midla Susannah C. , Omi-Sugihara Maiko , Cha Madeline , Chen Coral , Cavalcante Rafael Correia , Pan Haichun , Mishina Yuji , Ueharu Hiroki
Published: February 2025

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is unique in both developmental origin and functional maintenance. The role of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling in endochondral ossification has been widely investigated but not in the context of the TMJ. We employed a histomorphometric analysis approach to understand how augmented BMP signaling in the cranial neural crest affects the postnatal development of the TMJ. Our analysis showed that cartilage length in the mandibular condyle was reduced in Wnt1 Cre;caBmpr1a mice before the weaning stage (P17). However, following weaning, the mandibular condylar cartilage showed recovered length (P28 and P42). Furthermore, the changes in cartilage length coincide with alterations in cell death in the superficial region of the mandibular condyle. These results suggest that BMP signaling influences chondrocyte cell death and TMJ development in a timepoint-specific manner.
Identification and Network Construction of mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Adventitious Roots Under Salt Stress via Whole-Transcriptome RNA Sequencing
Authors: Jiang Bo , Li Yuxia , Shi Jun , Chalasa Dagaga Dibaba , Zhang Lei , Wu Shaoyuan , Xu Tao
Published: February 2025

Sweetpotato is the seventh largest crop worldwide, and soil salinization is a major environmental stress limiting its yield. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. However, ncRNAs in sweetpotato remain largely unexplored. This study analyzed the characteristics of salt-responsive ncRNAs in sweetpotato adventitious roots under salt stress via whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing. The results revealed that 3175 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), 458 microRNAs (miRNAs), 544 long-chain ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and 23 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were differentially expressed. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that most differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were enriched primarily in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, the mRNA surveillance pathway, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the majority of DEmRNAs, their target DEmiRNAs, and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were associated with the cell wall, oxidation–reduction, the plasma membrane, protein phosphorylation, metabolic processes, transcription factor activity, and the regulation of transcription. Additionally, based on the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis, we predicted interactions among different RNAs and constructed a salt-responsive ceRNA network comprising 22 DEmiRNAs, 42 DEmRNAs, 27 DElncRNAs, and 10 differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs). Some miRNAs, such as miR408, miR169, miR160, miR5139, miR5368, and miR6179, were central to the network, suggesting their crucial roles in the sweetpotato salt response. Our findings provide a foundation for further research into the potential functions of ncRNAs and offer new targets for salt stress resistance improvement through the manipulation of ncRNAs.
Polymorphic Variants of Peptidylarginine Deiminase Gene from P. gingivalis—Searching for Targets for Supportive Therapy of Periodontitis
Authors: Strzelec Karolina , Dziedzic-Kowalska Agata , Sieron Łukasz , Bereta Grzegorz P. , Stepien Karolina L. , Ferenc Klara , Łazarz-Bartyzel Katarzyna , Olszewska-Czyż Iwona , Rąpalska Iwona , Aptekorz Małgorzata , Kaczmarzyk Tomasz , Cześnikiewicz-Guzik Marta , Gawron Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

Periodontitis (PD), an oral inflammatory disease, is primarily caused by P. gingivalis. Peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD) is considered an attractive virulence factor because, due to protein citrullination, it may have deleterious effects on host tissues. In this study, the ppad gene sequences from P. gingivalis were analyzed in the context of its impact on bacterial virulence and potential targets for PD therapy. Analyses of ppad sequences from 58 patients with various clinical stages of PD, 20 controls, and 60 sequences from public databases were conducted. Overall, 55 substitutions assigned as polymorphic variants (4), missense mutations (10), or synonymous variants (35) were identified in PD, and 22 synonymous variants were identified in controls. Among them, the G231N, E232T, N235D variant was found in ~25% of P. gingivalis strains from PD samples. It was located close to the catalytic triad and had two-fold higher activity in comparison with reference P. gingivalis, upregulated expression of key inflammatory mediators, and contributed to worsening periodontium conditions in advanced PD, suggesting their unambiguous impact on P. gingivalis virulence. Our results indicate the G231N, E232T, N235D variant of the ppad gene as a potential candidate, opening a path to searching for novel targets for supportive therapy of PD. Further validation of the identified mutations is needed in future studies.
The Influence of Empagliflozin on the Expression of Mitochondrial Regulatory Proteins in Human Myocardium in an Ex Vivo Model of Short-Term Atrial Tachypacing
Authors: Muszyński Paweł , Cieślińska Magdalena , Dziemidowicz Magdalena , Bonda-Ostaszewska Elżbieta , Hirnle Tomasz , Bonda Tomasz Andrzej
Published: February 2025

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with energetic deficiency and oxidative stress due to mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in electric remodeling. Long-term treatment was found to ameliorate mitochondrial function and decrease inducibility in animal models. No studies examine the short-term effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors administration in AF. In the present study, the samples of the right atrial appendage collected from 10 patients subjected to elective cardiac surgery were sliced and incubated in a control buffer (EMPA 0), 0.2 µmol/L empagliflozin (EMPA 0.2), or 1.0 µmol/L (EMPA 1). The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, and fusion proteins was measured by Western blot after 30 min of electrical stimulation (control—1 Hz or tachypacing—5 Hz). The PGC-1α protein expression was increased after 30 min of stimulation with 1 Hz when incubated under a higher concentration of empagliflozin. After tachypacing, EMPA 0.2 increased PGC-1α, while EMPA 1.0 upregulated NRF-1. Both concentrations increased NRF-2 during control stimulation. The oxygen consumption was higher in AF, and was decreased by SGLT-2i. Empagliflozin exerts dynamic effects on the expression of PGC-1α and other proteins involved in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and may modulate cellular response to tachycardia.
Calcium Sulfide Nanoclusters Trigger DNA Damage and Induce Cell Cycle Arrest in Non-Small-Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Figueroa Rosado María M. , Muñoz Forti Kevin , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Patricia , Arroyo-Martínez Gerardo , Rodríguez-Irizarry Valerie J. , Ruiz-Rivera Abigail , Quinones-Rodriguez Jailenne I. , Santiago-Cardona Pedro G. , Rodriguez Martinez Olga M. , Almodovar Sharilyn , Castro Miguel E. , Suárez Martínez Edu
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer remains the most common malignancy independent of sex. Here, we focused on unraveling the molecular mechanisms of CaS nanoclusters inducing cytotoxicity by investigating DNA damage, the cell cycle, oxidative stress, and cellular repair mechanisms in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells compared to healthy lung fibroblasts. Our previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of calcium sulfide (CaS) nanostructures in skin and breast cancer models, leading to a significant reduction in cancer cell proliferation. However, how CaS nanoclusters enhance their therapeutic effects on cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells remains unknown. Our results show that CaS nanoclusters, once dissociated into Ca2+ and H2S in an acidic microenvironment, selectively allow extracellular calcium to enter, leading to an increase in free calcium entry, triggering oxidative stress and limiting DNA repair mechanisms in NSCLC. Furthermore, CaS nanoclusters selectively arrest NSCLC cells in the G0-G1 and S phases of the cell cycle without affecting healthy cells’ cycles. Here, we also show that the selective effects of CaS nanoclusters on lung adenocarcinoma are less likely to be regulated by intrinsic apoptotic or mitochondrial pathways. They are, rather, caused by an increase in Ca2+ and ROS, causing double-stranded DNA breakages. This selectivity for malignant cells is pH-dependent because it occurs in the acidic microenvironment characteristic of these cells. Overall, this is the first piece of evidence that CaS disrupts genomic stability, prevents the replication of damaged cells, and ultimately influences cell fate decisions such as cell cycle arrest or cell death including mitotic catastrophe and necroptotic simultaneous events.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Alleviates Simulated Microgravity-Induced Inhibition of Osteoblast Differentiation by Activating Transcriptional Wnt/β-Catenin-BMP2-COL1 and Metabolic SIRT1-PGC-1α-CPT1A Pathways
Authors: Bai Yiling , Wu Zhaojia , Leary Scot C. , Fang Chen , Yu Michelle , Genth Harald , Xie Yufeng , Shi Jinhui , Xiang Jim
Published: February 2025

The metabolic poise, or balance, between glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has recently been found to play a critical role in osteogenic differentiation and homeostasis. While simulated microgravity (SMG) is known to impede osteoblast differentiation (OBD) by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, how it affects osteoblast metabolism in this context remains unclear. We previously analyzed the effect of SMG on the differentiation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and found that it reduced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity. This, in turn, downregulated Wnt/β-catenin and two of its downstream targets critical for OBD bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2) and type-1 collagen (COL1) formation, leading to a reduction in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and cell matrix mineralization. In this study, we further analyzed how SMG-induced alterations in energy metabolism contribute to the inhibition of OBD in MC3T3-E1 cells. Consistent with our earlier findings, we demonstrated that SMG inhibits OBD by downregulating the collective activity of FAK and the Wnt/β-catenin-BMP2-COL1 transcriptional pathway. Interestingly, we observed that SMG also reduces the abundance of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α (CPT1A), which are all key metabolic factors regulating mitochondrial number and FAO capacity. Accordingly, we found that the mitochondrial content and FAO potential of MC3T3-E1 cells were lower upon exposure to SMG but were both rescued upon administration of the FAK activator cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 (CNF1), thereby allowing cells to overcome SMG-induced inhibition of OBD. Taken together, our study indicates that the metabolic regulator SIRT1 may be a new target for reversing SMG-induced bone loss.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis, Computational Investigations, Thermal Properties, and Electrochemical Analysis of Two New Cu(II) and Co(II) Coordination Polymers with the Ligand 5-Methyl-1-(pyridine-4-yl-methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate
Authors: Bergedahl Markus , Narea Pilar , Llanos Jaime , Pulido Ruth , Naveas Nelson , Amo-Ochoa Pilar , Zamora Félix , Delgado Gerzón E. , Galleguillos Madrid Felipe M. , León Yasna , Brito Iván
Published: February 2025

Two new Cu(II) (CP1) and Co(II) (CP2) coordination polymers (CPs) with the triazole ligand 5-methyl-1-(pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate (L1) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by SCXRD (Single Crystal X-Ray Difraccion), PXRD (Power X-Ray Difracction), FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared), TG (Theermo Gravimetric), and electrochemical techniques. Both CPs were obtained at the water/n-butanol interface by reacting nitrate salts of each metal with the NaL1 ligand. SCXRD analysis revealed that CP1 (Coordination Polymer 1) and CP2 (Coordination Polymer 2) crystallize in the monoclinic space groups C2/c (No. 15) and P21/n (No. 14), respectively, forming 1D zigzag chain structures, which further lead to a 2D supramolecular network through O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bond interactions, respectively. In CP1, the supramolecular structure is assembled by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules. In contrast, CP2 forms its supramolecular network mainly through hydrogen bonds between adjacent triazole ligand molecules. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed that the most significant contributions to the crystal packing come from H⋯O/O⋯H, H⋯H, H⋯N/N⋯H, and H⋯C/C⋯H interactions. In addition, FT-IR provided information on the functional groups involved in the coordination, while the decomposition patterns of both CPs were evaluated by TGA. Electrochemical studies conducted in a saline environment showed that CP1 exhibits superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics compared to CP2, as evidenced by a higher exchange current density and a lower Tafel slope. Density functional theory calculations and experimental bandgap measurements provided a deeper understanding of the electronic properties influencing the electrochemical behavior. The results highlight the potential of CP1 as an efficient catalyst for HER under saline conditions.
Dynamic m6A Modification Landscape During the Egg Laying Process of Chickens
Authors: Zhang Yushi , Chen Yida , Ji Haigang , Niu Yufang , He Liyang , Wang Wentao , Yu Tong , Han Ruili , Tian Yadong , Liu Xiaojun , Kang Xiangtao , Cai Hanfang , Li Zhuanjian
Published: February 2025

RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common and widespread reversible epigenetic modifications of mRNAs, and m6A has been shown to play a positive role in regulating follicular development. However, the role of RNA m6A methylation in chicken ovaries and egg production has not been fully studied. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the m6A transcriptome profiles of high- and low-yield Gushi chickens at 43 weeks of age (43 w). We found that m6A modification differed between the two groups. The m6A peak was positively correlated with the gene expression level, indicating that m6A may play an important role in regulating chicken egg production. In total, 9008 and 15,415 m6A peaks were separately identified in the two groups, including 2241 differential m6A peaks. In addition, seven candidate genes related to egg laying that were significantly enriched in the KEGG pathway related to ovary development and egg laying were identified. In summary, we constructed the first m6A modification map of ovarian tissue of Gushi chickens, and the differences in egg laying in 43 w Gushi chickens may originate from the effect of RNA methylation on the expression of egg-related genes. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of m6A methylation during egg production in Gushi chickens.
The Potential of Superoxide Dismutase-Rich Tetraselmis chuii as a Promoter of Cellular Health
Authors: Cocksedge Stuart P. , Mantecón Lalia , Castaño Enrique , Infante Carlos , Bailey Stephen J.
Published: February 2025

Tetraselmis chuii (T. chuii) is a green, marine, eukaryotic, microalgae that was authorized in the European Union (EU) as a novel food for human consumption in 2014, and as a food supplement in 2017. This narrative review will provide an overview of preclinical and clinical trials assessing the efficacy of a T. chuii-derived ingredient, characterized by a high superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (SOD-rich T. chuii), to improve various aspects of cellular health. Collectively, results from in vitro, and more importantly in vivo research, support SOD-rich T. chuii as a potential promoter of cellular health. Principally, the ingredient appears to function as an indirect antioxidant by boosting intracellular antioxidant systems. Moreover, it can positively modulate inflammatory status by up-regulating anti-inflammatory and down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors. In addition, SOD-rich T. chuii appears to promote cellular health though protecting from DNA damage, boosting immune function, strengthening cell structure and integrity, and positively modulating cell signaling pathways. There is also some evidence to suggest that SOD-rich T. chuii may improve aspects of mitochondrial function through the up-regulation of genes linked to mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP synthesis. From the trials conducted to date, transcriptional activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) appear to be important in mediating the effects of SOD-rich T. chuii on cellular health. These exciting preliminary observations suggest that SOD-rich T. chuii may represent a natural blue food supplement with the potential to enhance various aspects of cellular health.
Heterogeneous Clustering of Multiomics Data for Breast Cancer Subgroup Classification and Detection
Authors: Pateras Joseph , Lodi Musaddiq , Rana Pratip , Ghosh Preetam
Published: February 2025

The rapid growth of diverse -omics datasets has made multiomics data integration crucial in cancer research. This study adapts the expectation–maximization routine for the joint latent variable modeling of multiomics patient profiles. By combining this approach with traditional biological feature selection methods, this study optimizes latent distribution, enabling efficient patient clustering from well-studied cancer types with reduced computational expense. The proposed optimization subroutines enhance survival analysis and improve runtime performance. This article presents a framework for distinguishing cancer subtypes and identifying potential biomarkers for breast cancer. Key insights into individual subtype expression and function were obtained through differentially expressed gene analysis and pathway enrichment for BRCA patients. The analysis compared 302 tumor samples to 113 normal samples across 60,660 genes. The highly upregulated gene COL10A1, promoting breast cancer progression and poor prognosis, and the consistently downregulated gene CDG300LG, linked to brain metastatic cancer, were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed similarities in cellular matrix organization pathways across subtypes, with notable differences in functions like cell proliferation regulation and endocytosis by host cells. GO Semantic Similarity analysis quantified gene relationships in each subtype, identifying potential biomarkers like MATN2, similar to COL10A1. These insights suggest deeper relationships within clusters and highlight personalized treatment potential based on subtypes.
Enhancing Galantamine Distribution in Rat Brain Using Microplasma-Assisted Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery
Authors: Sadiq Abubakar Hamza , Alam Md Jahangir , Begum Farhana , Hasan Mahedi , Kristof Jaroslav , Mamun Md. Al , Maniruzzaman Md. , Shimizu Kosuke , Kanazawa Takanori , Kahyo Tomoaki , Setou Mitsutoshi , Shimizu Kazuo
Published: February 2025

Nose-to-brain (N2B) drug delivery is a promising technique for the treatment of brain diseases. It allows a drug to enter the brain without passing through the blood–brain barrier. However, the nasal cavity and nasal mucosa can restrict the amount of drug absorbed. Recent studies of non-thermal plasma (NTP) have shown improvement in in vitro drug delivery to cells and tissues. However, whether NTP treatments can enhance the in vivo delivery of drugs for neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) into the brain via the N2B technique remains unclear. The drug used in this study was galantamine hydrobromide. Galantamine is used to treat patients with mild to moderate AD. Based on the principle of NTP, a type of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, which we called spiral DBD microplasma, was designed. It was inserted into the nose of a rat to a depth of 2 mm. The spiral DBD microplasma was driven by a sinusoidal voltage for 4 min, followed by the immediate administration of galantamine. The effect of the microplasma treatment on the distribution of galantamine in the brain was evaluated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). The results showed a high distribution of galantamine in the left and right brain hemispheres of the rat treated with plasma discharge compared to a control treated without plasma discharge. The spiral DBD microplasma is a novel contribution to DBD plasma designs. In addition, this technique for drug delivery has also created a novel approach with potential for becoming a non-invasive method of enhancing drug distribution in the brain for the treatment of neurological disorders.