bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the main parameters of ReshUCube-1 telemetry over a period of 10 months in orbit
Authors: Shimova Oksana E. , Zuev Dmitrii M. , Velikanov Daniil D. , Lukyanov Mikhail M. , Melchukov Konstantin A.
Published: October 2024

With the increase in the number of launched spacecraft, such a direction as automation of spacecraft control processes is gaining popularity. One of these most important processes is the analysis of telemetry data during the operation of the spacecraft. Scientific and educational satellite of the Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology has been successfully exploitated in orbit and has been performing its scientific tasks for more than six months. The article considers a list of the main parameters analyzed by the operators of the Mission Control Center to assess the state of the ReshUCube-1 satellite. The composition and main functional characteristics of the equipment on the spacecraft are described. Qualitative indicators and quantitative limits for all described parameters are given, as well as their significance and impact on the functioning of devices and the entire spacecraft as a whole.
Analysis of corporate network cyber threats based on parallel processing of Netflow data
Authors: Kononov Dmitry D. , Isaev Sergey V.
Published: October 2024

Public services of various organizations are subject to constant cyber attacks, which increases information security risks. Network traffic analysis is an important task to ensure the safe operation of network infrastructure, including corporate networks. This paper provides an overview of the main approaches for analyzing network traffic, provides related works, and points out the shortcomings of existing works. One method is to analyze network traffic data using the Netflow protocol, which allows traffic data to be stored at the L3 layer of the OSI model. A feature of the study is the use of long observation periods. When storing data over long time intervals, the logs become large, which requires parallelization for primary data processing. The authors developed a cross-platform software package for distributed processing of network activity logs, which was used to analyze the network activity of the corporate network of the Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center for 2021–2022. A diagram of the software package is shown, its capabilities and operating features are described. Data sources for analysis and processing methods are provided. In this paper the authors formulated and formalized heuristic criteria for the anomaly of network traffic, which identify the presence of possible network attacks, and extracted datasets on the network activity of various application-level protocols. For the obtained data sets, statistical indicators were calculated, information about anomalous network activity was obtained for two years. In this work we tested the previously proposed method for comparing the cyber threats risks for different time intervals, which showed a significant increase in risks for 50% of indicators in 2022. Comparisons of monthly intervals over different years showed similar increases in risk. Thus, the method has shown its efficiency and can be used in other areas in which there are groups of criteria for independent indicators. The authors proposed plans for further development of methods for analyzing network activity.
Calculation of the parameters and characteristics of a rotating lunar jet penetrator
Authors: Gusev Evgeniy V. , Zagovorchev Vladimir A. , Rodchenko Vladimir V. , Sadretdinova Elnara R. , Shipnevskaya Elizaveta A.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the work is to determine the parameters of the internal ballistics of a solid fuel jet engine mounted on a jet penetrator entering the ground at a high rotation speed around its own axis. Research methods: to determine the pressure in the chamber of a rotating engine, the known equations for the balance of gas inflow and consumption are usually used, as in the case of a non-rotating solid fuel jet engine. The difference between the internal ballistics of a rotating solid fuel jet engine is that the effect of rotation on the operating process is taken into account by the coefficient of gas flow from the chamber of the rotating engine; a change in the rate of erosive combustion of solid fuel during rotation of a solid fuel jet engine; heat loss coefficient. Results: it was found that the parameters of the internal ballistics of rotating jet engines of solid fuel are mainly influenced by the coefficient of gas flow from the chamber of the rotating engine; effect of erosive combustion of solid fuel and change in heat loss coefficient. The main calculated dependencies for determining the pressure in the combustion chamber of a rotating solid fuel engine are presented for periods when the pressure reaches a stationary mode of operation of the engine, operation of the engine in a stationary mode and during the period of free flow of gases from the chamber of a solid fuel jet engine. A method for selecting the linear and angular dimensions of a rotating engine nozzle is presented. An estimate of the thrust force for a single nozzle rotating solid fuel jet engine is given. It has been established that the magnitude of the thrust force of rotating engines (under other identical conditions in the combustion chamber) is 1.1–1.36 times less than that of non-rotating solid fuel jet engines. The experiments carried out showed a decrease in the degree of swirl of the gas flow of rotating solid fuel engines with an increase in the number of fuel pellets in the engine charge. Conclusion: the results presented in the article can be useful for scientists, graduate students and engineers involved in the creation and operation of aviation and rocket and space technology, and can also be useful for students of technical universities studying in relevant specialties.
Specific energy consumption of electro-contact-chemical treatment of metals with a vibrating tool in the electrolyte
Authors: Shestakov Ivan Ya. , Shestakov Vladislav I. , Trifanov Ivan V. , Remizov Igor A.
Published: October 2024

According to the specific energy consumption, the shaping processes are arranged in three energy levels. Electrophysical and electrochemical methods of metal processing are at the third level, where the specific energy consumption is more than 6∙104 J/cm3. The analysis of the literature data showed the inconsistency of the specific costs of some authors. The specific energy consumption of electrical contact processing cannot be commensurate with the costs of electrochemical processing due to the different sizes of the particles removed from the surface of the workpiece. There are no literature data on the specific energy consumption of electro-contact-chemical treatment of metals with a vibrating instrument in the electrolyte, therefore, experiments have been carried out with the fixation of current, voltage and interelectrode gap oscillograms. The method of calculation of specific energy consumption according to the oscillograms of the process is given. The energy costs for vibration of the electrode-tool are calculated, which are an order of magnitude less for electro-contact-chemical treatment. When the vibration amplitude decreases or the voltage on the electrodes increases, the process in the interelectrode gap turns into dimensional arc processing. When electro-contact-chemical treatment of metals with a vibrating tool in water, the specific energy consumption is equal to (3.5–3.8) · 105 J/cm3, which corresponds to electrocon-tact treatment. It is assumed that the use of aqueous solutions of neutral salts will lead to a reduction in energy costs.
Power engineering of the tangential supply device of the microturbine of the thermal control system of a promising spacecraft
Authors: Shevchenko Yulia N. , Kishkin Alexander A. , Zuev Alexander A. , Delkov Alexander V.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an overview of the current technical problem related to two-phase spacecraft thermal control systems and possible technical applications of thermal energy recovery in the organic Rankine cycle as an integral part of thermal management systems. The design solution involves the integration of a steam microturbine behind an evaporator radiator. The microturbine is a tangential supply device and a radially centripetal impeller of low speed nst40. In this area, there is no reliable data on the design and energy of both the supply device and the impeller. The energy (loss of enthalpy) of the supply device mainly determines the transport of the swirling flow to the impeller and, as a result, the circumferential operation on the turbine. A prototype of a radial microturbine has been developed and presented in order to evaluate the design of the flow part of both the supply device and the impeller. As a result of the analysis, the main determining hydrodynamic areas necessary for hydrodynamic analysis and mathematical elaboration of the flow calculation algorithm with an assessment of energy losses are identified: the flow of a swirling flow of a radial-annular slit; axial-annular slit and tangential supply device. The first two algorithms assume computational modeling, the model of energy losses in a tangential supply device is not amenable to analytical modeling because it includes a sequence (or compatibility) of flows under boundary conditions defined as “local resistances”: the sudden expansion, reversal of the flow, together with a section of radially circumferential flow, the mutual influence of these boundary conditions assumes only an expe rimental assessment of energy losses in a tangential supply device through the loss coefficient of local resistance in the range of changes in geometric and operating parameters.
As a result of experimental studies, a database has been proposed on the loss coefficient of tangential microturbine supply devices in the field of the practical range of the existence of operating and design parameters.
Bending of composite timber
Authors: Senashov Sergey I. , Savostyanova Irina L. , Yakhno Alexander N.
Published: October 2024

Technologies and production widely use composite materials now. “Mechanics of deformable solids” was formed as a science based on the study of materials used in the 19th and 20th centuries. Modern composite materials require new theoretical and experimental studies. Determining the stresses and deformations that occur at the points of contact of the matrix with the fibers is a special problem. Composites with a plastic matrix play an important role in modern technology. These materials successfully cope with cracking and significantly slow down the growth of cracks. In this article, the problem of the stress state of a composite beam with an elastic-plastic matrix and elastic fibers located along the axis of the beam is solved. It is assumed that in the zone of contact of the matrix with the fibers, according to the model of Yu. N. Worknov, a constant tangential stress is realized, less than the yield strength of the fiber. One end of the beam is fixed, and a constant force applied to the center of gravity coinciding with the origin of coordinates acts on the second. It is assumed that at the free boundary of the beam and at the points of contact of the beam with the fibers, the stresses reach the plasticity limit. The problem is solved with the help of conservation laws. This makes it possible to find the stress state at an arbitrary point of the section as a calculation of integrals along the outer boundary of the beam and the boundaries of the matrix and fibers.
Results of monitoring the radiation environment in medium circular orbit
Authors: Eliseev Denis V. , Grafodatsky Oleg S. , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Maksimov Igor A. , Molchanov Konstantin V. , Prokopyev Vitaly Y.
Published: October 2024

Problem definition – these data will form the basis for the development of technical solutions that will minimize mass, time and financial costs while ensuring the radiation resistance of on-board equipment and the spacecraft as a whole.
Goal – the experimental dose control complex measures the level of absorbed ionizing space radiation doses in the sensitive element, assesses the radiation effects influence on the spacecraft, determines space- craft’s residual radiation resource and refines impact models of the ionizing space radiation, located on an experimental spacecraft “Skif-D”, which was launched into orbit H=8070 km and inclination 90°.
Results – flight experiment demonstrated high convergence of the comparative analysis’ results of the experimentally obtained impact levels in orbit of the operation of the “Skif-D” spacecraft with the impact model stated in the Russian Federation Scientific and Technical Documentation (OST134-1044-2007 amend.1 (2017) “Methods of the calculation of radiating conditions on-board of spacecrafts and specification of requirements for resistance of radio-electronic equipment of spacecrafts to the action of the charged particles from the space of natural origin”);
Practical value – successful modernization of the ICDRM integral accumulated dose sensors in terms of their miniaturization and transition to a digital output (flight qualification of the sensors was obtained); the prospects of the concept of monitoring the integral accumulated radiation dose using semiconductor detectors with individual mass protection; experimental confirmation of a higher radiation exposure in the range of typical protections for ECB equal to 0.5–3 g/cm², on a 8000 km circular orbit compared to the GEO and 1500 km circular orbit.
Thermal emission and pyroelectric current in manganese chalcogenides
Authors: Sitnikov Maksim N. , Kharkov Anton M , Aplesnin Sergey S.
Published: October 2024

Manganese chalcogenides, which are promising for the manufacture of thermoelements, are being studied. The current is measured in the temperature range of 80–500 K, in the absence of external voltage, which can be caused by a temperature gradient (thermopower), a change in electrical polarization (pyroelectric current), piezoelectric current (when the sample is deformed, a potential difference arises) or thermionic emission (thermal emission current) . Temperatures of current anomalies and their relationship with thermionic current and polarization current are found. A change in electrical polarization withtemperature will cause a pyroelectric current. Compensation for excess electrical charge will result in local electrical polarization. Partial decompensation will cause the formation of an electric field in the sample. The critical temperatures for the disappearance of electric polarization were determined for different concentrations. In the region of concentration of thulium ions flowing through the lattice, the activation nature of the thermionic current was established and the activation energy was found. The pyroelectric current has a smaller value compared to the thermionic current. The current mechanism is determined by the emission of electrons from deep traps and the temperatures of the maximum thermionic current correlate with the temperatures at which IR absorption disappears. The electric current density and its value depend on the type of substituted rare earth element are calculated.
Netflix'te yer alan gastronomi temalı içeriklerin ayrıntılı incelemesi
Authors: Aslan Elif , Demir Özkan , Kurnaz Alper
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada Netflix'in gastronomi temalı içerikleri üzerine odaklanılarak, belirli bir bölgeye, ülkeye veya şehre odaklanan programların özetleri detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi tercih edilmiş olup, çalışmanın verileri doküman analizi yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada Netflix arama motoru sekmesine ‘Gastronomy’, ‘Cuisine’ ve ‘Culinary’ anahtar sözcükleri girilerek yapılan tarama sonucunda 13-25 Şubat 2024 tarihleri arasında listelenen film, dizi, belgesel ve program sonuçları çalışma kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Netflix’te yer alan yemek ile ilişkili 42 yapımın genellikle yemek ve seyahat kategorisinde olduğunu belirlenmiştir. Yapımların 2’si tek bölümken, diğerleri dizi şeklinde olup, 2 veya daha fazla bölümdür. Yapımların 16’sı Amerika Birleşik Devletleri yapımı olup, 8’i Güney Kore yapımı, 5’i ise Britanya yapımıdır. Mutfak temalı yapımlarda en çok değinilen ülkelerin Güney Kore, Meksika, Amerika ve İtalya olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca incelenen yapımlarda en çok vurgulanan ülke mutfağının Meksika mutfağı olduğu, Çin, İtalya, Amerika, Hindistan ve Fransız mutfağı yemeklerinin de yapımlarda önemli bir yer tuttuğu belirlenmiştir. Yapımlarda en çok öne çıkan gastronomi ürünleri ise balık, tavuk, deniz ürünleri, pirinç/pilav, domuz ve ekmektir.
Classification of Garlic Varieties with Fluorescent Spectroscopy Using Machine Learning
Authors: Yasar Ali , Slavova Vanya , Genova Stefka
Published: October 2024

Machine learning techniques can produce fast, accurate and objective results in the analysis of agricultural products. These artificial intelligence-based systems are frequently encountered in studies on agriculture in the literature. This study reveals the usability of machine learning algorithms in classification of garlic cultivars using fluorescent spectroscopic data. For this, six types of garlic were used: Razgradski-11, Razgradski-12, Razgradski-115, Plovdivski-120, Yambolski-99 and Topolovgradski. In the first stage, the parsing analysis made from the fluorescent spectroscopic data of the garlics was carried out with seven different machine learning. The classification results of these seven types of machine learning algorithms were obtained. In the second stage, the classification results were obtained by adjusting the hyperparameters of each Machine Learning (ML) algorithm in order to control the improvability of the classification accuracy rates. Finally, performance metrics such as Specificity, precision, MCC, F1-Score of the classification processes obtained in the two stages were compared. In general, it was observed that the classification performances increased with the hyperparameter adjustment performed in the second stage. In this study, classification results with ML showed that fluorescent spectroscopy data of garlic strongly represented garlic species and provided high performance classification accuracy of 99.93% with Neural Network (NN), one of the machine learning methods using these data.
A Development and Evaluation of a Vertical Yam-Pounding Machine
Authors: Adesuyi Oluwafemi Emmanuel , Ismaila Salami Olasunkanmi , Taofeek Oyelami Adekunle , Akinyemi Shittu Taofik
Published: October 2024

A vertical yam pounding machine having a similar operational principle to the traditional method of pounding was developed. The machine consists of a shaft, pulleys, V-belts, bearings, an electric motor, a vertical pounder, a gear train and a pounding bowl. White yam was used to carry out a performance evaluation of the developed machine compared to a commercial yam pounder QASA® (LBQ041A, made in China) yam pounding machine and pounded yam from the traditional method of using mortar and pestle. It was observed that the traditional pounding operation, the developed and the QASA® yam pounding machines gave 89.73, 96.24 and 98.25% of well-pounded yam excluding lumps. However, the QASA® yam pounding machine is limited to a maximum of 4 kg mass of boiled yam. The average throughputs of the traditional pounding operation, the developed and the QASA® yam pounding machines were 20.3, 39.46 and 47.34 kg/h, while pounding times were 18 min, 10 min, and 5 min respectively. The developed machine had comparable quality with similar sensory scores with regards to the taste, aroma, stretchability, and mouldability to the one from the traditional method. It also had a comparative long-life span, and overall acceptability score and was preferred over the pounded yam produced by QASA® pounding machine.
Dependence of the Emotional Experience of Newspaper Photographic Illustration on the
Medium of Realization
Authors: Dragčević Krešimir , Mikota Miroslav , Pavlović Ivana , Maričević Marko
Published: October 2024

The paper investigated the experience and emotional reaction of respondents to different newspaper photographic illustrations depending on the media of realization (print in newspaper press, laptop computer screen, and smartphone screen). Due to differences in the formation of basic visual psychophysical reactions in affirmative childhood, the respondents were chosen from two separate age groups: younger from 19 to 23 years and mature from 38 to 49 years. Respondents rated from 1 to 5 the emotional reaction caused by the observed photographic illustration according to the offered reactions: happiness, love, hope, fear, sadness, hatred, anger, envy, shock, sexual attraction, disgust, shame, pride, attraction, and sympathy. Through the research, the difference in experiences and emotional reactions depending on the gender and age difference was monitored. The results of the research indicate that depending on the medium of display, there are significant differences in the experience of photographic newspaper illustrations depending on the age of the respondents, gender, but that previous, but more current, habits of using display technologies also have a significant influence.
Mathematical Modeling of Forwarder Operation When Collecting Logs in the Forest Swath
Authors: Rukomojnikov Konstantin P. , Aleksagina Natal’ya N. , Anisimov Ilya S.
Published: October 2024

Optimization of the machines allows you to increase their productivity and reduce the labor costs for performing individual elements of the technological cycle of their work in the forest. In this regard, the authors offer theoretical studies that take into account the peculiarities of the work of one of the most popular logging machines today, namely, a machine for collecting and forwarding logs (forwarder). The article discusses the technological features of the functioning of these machines, identifies ways to reduce the cost of collecting logs, justifies the rational width of apiaries, which allows collecting logs with a minimum number of movements between work positions. The main purpose of the study is to substantiate the mathematical dependence for determining the rational values of such interrelated parameters of the forwarder's operation as the distance between the working positions of collecting logs and the width of apiaries. The authors propose an analytical approach to solving the problem. On the basis of the standard technological scheme of the harvester's movement through the swath, geometric regularities of the trajectory of the manipulator movement, dimensional characteristics and location of the prepared logs are revealed. As a result of the work, mathematical dependencies are constructed that make it possible to determine the rational values of the desired parameters. The results can be used by research organizations in planning the production process of logging operations. The introduction of author's recommendations into production will contribute to improving the efficiency and operation of forestry equipment.
Human Resource Management 4.0 - Empowerment from a Holistic Perspective
Authors: Girrbach Patricia
Published: October 2024

The aim of this work is to examine the communication behaviour of Generation Z in a professional context and to identify their specific wishes regarding the behaviour of superiors. In addition, success factors of contemporary Human Resource Management 4.0 (HRM 4.0) are identified. A further goal of this paper is to demonstrate companies and superiors how they can meet the needs of Generation Z, in order to position themselves as good leaders and as an attractive employer in order to maintain the company's performance in the long term. The most important results of this study show that appreciative leadership behaviour creates trust between employees and superiors. This optimizes Generation Z's communication behaviour towards superiors. Furthermore, for Generation Z, an appreciative management culture that is committed to the well-being of employees is crucial for their choice of employer, their work productivity, their employee loyalty and their fluctuation behaviour. In consequence, it is essential for companies to consider the demands of Generation Z in order to remain competitive.
Tools of Artificial Intelligence Technology as a Framework for Transformation Digital Marketing Communication
Authors: Mulović Trgovac Ana , Mandić Antonija , Marković Biljana
Published: October 2024

The article researches the transformative possibility of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology tools in digital marketing communications. By leveraging machine learning, natural language processing, and data analytics capabilities, AI tools enable marketers to automate tasks, personalize content, optimize campaigns, and gain deeper insights into customer behaviour. The paper examines applications of AI in digital marketing, analyses the way of transforming digital communication by AI, compares it to the traditional PESO communications model, presents the utilization of AI tools within the PESO framework and their collaboration to enhance communications, and proposes a framework for successful implementation. The research question in this paper is: how do artificial intelligence tools transform communication in a digital marketing environment? The results provide valuable insights into how AI-based technology transforming digital marketing communications.
Synthesis of a four-point model of an airplane
Authors: Stepanov M. A. , Kiselev A. V. , Artyushenko V. V.
Published: October 2024

The modeling of echo signals from distributed radar objects taking into account the noise of their angular coordinates is considered. Relationships are presented that allow the transition from a multipoint model of an arbitrary object containing tens, hundreds and even thousands of emitting points to a model composed of four emitting points located at the vertices of a square. As an example, we synthesized an airplane model containing only four points. It is obtained on the basis of a multipoint model composed of 56 points. Using numerical modeling methods, it has been shown that angular noise generated by multi-point and four-point aircraft models have identical correlation functions and similar parameters of the probability density distribution of angular coordinate noise. The obtained result is also confirmed by semi-natural modeling methods using a matrix simulator.
W-band phase shifter based on metasurface with built-in pin diodes
Authors: Kazakov A. S. , Gusikhin P. A. , Andreev I. V. , Muravyov V. M. , Kukushkin I. V.
Published: October 2024

We propose a design and show the numerical simulation results for a W-band (75–110 GHz) phase shifter. The structure of the phase shifter consists of periodic array of rectangular patch antennas on a dielectric substrate with built-in pin-diodes. The calculations demonstrate the possibility of achieving a phase shift of the transmitted wave up to 87° at a frequency of 96 GHz with transmittance losses of –7 dB.
Optical spectroscopy of an excited Laughlin liquid
Authors: Kulik L. V.
Published: October 2024

Neutral excitations with zero momentum in a Laughlin liquid at an electron filling factor of 1/3 have been studied. It was found that the lowest in energy are spin-magnetogravitons, excitations with a simultaneous change in the electron density in the Laughlin liquid and the spin quantum number of the electron system. The experimental possibility of the formation of new quasi-equilibrium states of anionic matter – Laughlin solutions of spin-magnetogravitons – is demonstrated. A new type of optical scattering is observed in Laughlin solutions.
Dynamics of the electromagnetic field near the edge of a stripe line during its charging
Authors: Kornienko V. N. , Kulagin V. V.
Published: October 2024

The spatiotemporal distribution of the electromagnetic field near the edge of the strip line when it is charged to a constant value of the voltage between the strips is studied by the methods of a computational experiment. The conditions under which a monopolar electromagnetic pulse is emitted into free space are revealed.
Real-time monitoring of the behavior of the daily anisotropy vector of cosmic rays according to the data of neutron monitors at Yakutsk and Tiksi stations
Authors: Zverev A. S. , Starodubtsev S. A. , Grigoryev V. G. , Gololobov P. Yu.
Published: October 2024

Since 2022, the Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy (SB RAS) for the first time has been continuously monitoring the forecast of terrestrial winds of space weather based on data from neutron monitors in Yakutsk and Tiksi. Preliminary studies during periods of geomagnetic disturbances in 2022. The peculiarity is that the results of this may provide an additional opportunity for their use for the purpose of forecasting large geomagnetic storms.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ АРХІТЕКТУРНИХ РІШЕНЬ ДЛЯ РОЗУМНИХ БУДИНКІВ
Authors: ЖОВНІР Юрій , БУРОВ Євген
Published: October 2024

Основне завдання створення інтелектуального середовища для існування людини стає гарячою сферою застосування останніх досягнень інформаційних технологій. Велика кількість статей, присвячених інтелекту навколишнього середовища, створює потребу в аналізі та роздумах над різними аспектами цього. Метою статті є порівняння та розуміння еволюції архітектурних рішень для інтелектуальних будинків. Починається з визначення основних термінів, наводиться вимоги до систем розумного будинку. Аналіз останніх досліджень в інтелектуальних будинках дозволив побудувати концептуальну карту території. Далі обговорюються різні архітектурні рішення, запропоновані в літературі, з використанням багатошарової моделі. Також були проаналізовані останні розробки в сфері безпеки та управління правами доступу для інтелектуальних будинків. У статті досліджується еволюція архітектурних рішень для розумних домів, що забезпечують комфорт, безпеку та енергоефективність житлових приміщень. На основі аналізу історичних тенденцій, сучасних інновацій та перспективних технологій, визначено ключові етапи розвитку архітектурних рішень для інтелектуальних будинків. Увагу приділено інтеграції технологій Інтернету речей (IoT), систем автоматизації, енергоефективних технологій та їх впливу на архітектурне планування і дизайн житлових приміщень. Стаття охоплює такі аспекти, як адаптивність архітектурних рішень до технологічних змін, інтеграція розумних систем у будівельні конструкції, забезпечення зручного управління та моніторингу домашніх систем, а також підвищення енергоефективності та екологічної стійкості житлових будинків. Окремо розглянуто питання безпеки та конфіденційності в контексті використання розумних технологій. Методи дослідження включають аналіз літератури, порівняння існуючих архітектурних підходів та технологічних рішень, а також експертне оцінювання. Результати дослідження демонструють, як архітектурні рішення еволюціонували від традиційних підходів до сучасних інтегрованих систем, що забезпечують високий рівень комфорту, безпеки та ефективного використання ресурсів. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у комплексному аналізі еволюції архітектурних рішень для розумних домів з акцентом на технологічні інновації та їх вплив на житлове середовище. Стаття пропонує практичні рекомендації для архітекторів, дизайнерів та розробників розумних систем, що сприяють створенню комфортних, безпечних та екологічно сталих житлових приміщень.
DICTIONARY-BASED DETERMINISTIC METHOD OF GENERATION OF TEXT CORPORA
Authors: YUSYN Yakiv , RYBACHOK Nataliia
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the problem of solving software engineering tasks in developing information systems for natural language processing. Generating corpora of text data is highlighted as a specific task of this problem. An analysis of the basic CorDeGen method was carried out, which is one of the corpus generation methods specially developed for this specific problem. This study shows that this method has a limited scope due to the use of “artificial” terms to fill the texts.The paper proposes a new modified DBCorDeGen method that solves this shortcoming thanks to the use of an additional dictionary of terms that is supplied to the input of the method. The DBCorDeGen method preserves most of the characteristic features of the basic method, which are important for its use in solving software engineering tasks: determinism, speed of operation (including the possibility of combining with parallel modification), the possibility of a priori description of the structure and properties of the generated corpus. The only disadvantage compared to the basic method is the increase in the number of input parameters, however, compared to other methods of generating corpora presented in the literature, it is relatively small, and due to it, the scope of application of corpora generated by this method significantly increases.As an experimental test of the proposed modified DBCorDeGen method, the task of sentiment analysis of the texts of the generated corpus is considered. The study shows that when using the basic CorDeGen method, it is impossible to obtain sentiment analysis results different from neutral polarity for all texts. When using the proposed method, it is possible to obtain different results using different dictionaries. Thus, it is confirmed that the proposed DBCorDeGen method has a larger scope than the basic method.
Low-carbon cementitious composite incorporated with biochar and recycled fines suitable for 3D printing applications: hydration, shrinkage and early-age performance
Authors: Federowicz Karol , Cendrowski Krzysztof , Sikora Paweł
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the construction industry has witnessed significant advancements in concrete technology, particularly with the integration of 3D printing in cement-based materials. While this innovation offers promising opportunities for the sector, the high binder and fine particle content of 3D printing mixes presents a substantial environmental challenge due to their considerable carbon footprint. To mitigate this impact, strategies often involve substituting portions of the binder or aggregate with waste materials. This article presents a comparative analysis of two promising approaches to reducing the carbon footprint of 3D printing concrete mixes by partially replacing cement with biochar and recycled fines. The study examines the effects of these materials on the rheological properties and early-age hydration processes of the 3D printing mix. A reference mix (REF) was established, followed by the development of eight additional mixes, with four incorporating biochar and four incorporating recycled fines, each replacing 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of the cement volume. The findings indicate that recycled fines have a neutral effect on the spread flow diameter of the mixture but increase initial deformations in printed elements. Conversely, biochar, due to its water absorption capacity, reduces fluidity, enhancing buildability by enabling faster printing with minimal initial deformation. Additionally, replacing up to 2.5 vol.% of cement with either material accelerates the normalized heat flow, contributing to a quicker gain in mechanical properties. However, biochar increases shrinkage deformations within the first 12 hours, while recycled fines mitigate them. Importantly, replacing up to 10 vol.% of cement with these materials does not significantly compromise early compressive strength.
How Many Postulates Are Needed to Derive the Lorentz Transformation?
Authors: Ma Qing-Ping
Published: October 2024

It is generally believed that Einstein derived special relativity from two postulates, the principle of relativity and the constancy of the speed of light, without paying much attention to the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment and Lorentz’s interpretation. Some researchers even assert that one postulate, i.e. the principle of relativity, is enough to derive a Lorentz-type transformation. The present study investigates how many postulates are needed to derive the Lorentz transformation without covertly adding more postulates. We found that at least four postulates are necessary to derive the Lorentz transformation when applying only mathematical and logical rules in derivation. They are 1) the principle of relativity; 2) the constancy of the speed of light; 3) motion has no impact on the length or spatial distance in the directions perpendicular to its velocity; 4) the coefficient of the spatial coordinate term such as _x_ (or _x’_) term equals that of the velocity-time term _vt_ (or _v’t’_) on the right-hand side of the Lorentz spatial transformation equations. Without the third and the fourth postulates as constraints, an infinite number of space and time transformations satisfy the constancy of the speed of light and the principle of relativity. The well-known Voigt transformation is one of them. The Lorentz transformation that satisfies the principle of relativity is a sufficient condition for the constancy of the speed of light, but not a necessary condition. Therefore, it cannot be logically derived from the constancy of the speed of light and the principle of relativity. All derivations using Einstein’s two postulates or the principle of relativity alone involve covertly adding more postulates or/and making mathematical and logical mistakes. Since the Lorentz transformation is a sufficient condition for the constancy of the speed of light while the latter and the principle of relativity are not sufficient conditions for the former, it is more logically appropriate to postulate the Lorentz transformation rather than the constancy of the speed of light as the primary principle of the theory of relativity.
East Timor – Bad Conscience of the International Community
Authors: Klíma Jan
Published: October 2024

In the first decade of October 1996, he appointed the committee for awarding the Nobel Peace Prize the new laureates of this prestigious award of the Catholic bishop from East Timor Dili Carlos Filip Ximenes Bela and the leader of the local resistance against the Indonesian occupation of the former of the Portuguese territory of José Ramos Horta. He thus once again drew attention to the characteristically tragic episode of international relations of the last quarter of the 20th century- to a major case of devastating abuse of the decolonization process. Pone'Kud surprising nomination of the heroes of a little-known rezistence aroused a lively, if contradictory, response in the world and showed that the East Timorese cause is a fundamental challenge for the democratic world. Therefore, we consider it useful to recapitulate the history of the resistance, which has once again rightfully come to the forefront of world attention.
Czech Education and Nature in Historical and International Context
Authors: Stehlík Jiří
Published: October 2024

Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia are old cultural territories, whose formation was heavily influenced by Western influence from the beginning of their Slavic history. Ethnic Germans, partly invited by the Czech rulers, partly immigrated to our territory on their own initiative, were naturally expansive as a result of domestic "overpressure" to people. In the Czech lands, they eventually accounted for approximately 30% of the census population (the share of territory dominated by Germans was approximately the same, but this territory was more sparsely populated, as many Germans lived in inland cities). And the Czechs themselves, thanks to the centuries-long, mainly "inland" coexistence, have a considerable share (apparently according to the share of German names in the population, which is the opinion of J. Pekař,1 who called this process Czechization) of "German blood" (to a lesser extent, of course the reverse also applies). After the expulsion of the Germans, this "biological Germanization" undoubtedly weakened, however, the share of Czech-Slovak and Czech-Roma marriages and children born from them increased substantially.
Historical-Political Reflection on the Movement in the Post-Soviet Space
Authors: Prôčková Florentína
Published: October 2024

The USSR was disintegrating only recently. All of a sudden and unexpectedly for the majority of its population, in which the feeling of completeness and irreversibility of the disintegration or the natural course and permanence of the current state formations and borders has not yet taken root. The post-Soviet space remains unstable. In almost every republic, there are separatist movements or self-proclaimed illegal states, and at the same time various integration ideas and initiatives are highlighted. The perspective that the space will acquire a stable form is remote. It is hard to imagine that twenty years from now the same states as today will be united in it.
The political volatility of the post-Soviet space and the uncertainty of thoughts and feelings arising in connection with its fate are two sides of the same coin. In the years 1989-1991, anti-Soviet sentiments dominated. Various anti-imperial ideas and phrases were plastered on the pages of newspapers, while no one thought about their incoherence and illogicality. The idea of ​​republican sovereignty co-existed peacefully with the idea of ​​the right of ethnic groups to their own territorial independence. Dudayev was perceived as the leader of the Chechen revolution and the hero of the national liberation movement. The demand for the weakening, even liquidation of the center stood in counterpoint to the insistence that the same center take away Karabakh from Azerbaijan and transfer it from its power to Armenia. In Russia and in all the republics, budgets were calculated to the last detail, who loses because it remains part of Russia, how one side exploits the other, howthey would be fine living alone. The strength of anti-union sentiments made it possible to ignore the contradictions and unseriousness of similar projects and concepts.
International Relations and International Law
Authors: Vlček Dalibor
Published: October 2024

Author, Assoc. JUDr. Ján Azud, DrSc., researcher at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, leading Slovak expert on issues of international law, currently working as a university teacher at the Faculty of Political Sciences and International Relations of the Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, in Part I of his work, published as teaching texts, it deals with basic aspects of international relations and international law. An attempt is made to present a picture of the mentioned issue, its development from 1945 to the fall of bipolarity and its subsequent new formation of content, chiefs and tasks until the mid-1990s.
Germany and Military Crisis Management – Between Certainties and Uncertainties
Authors: Hoffmann Arthur
Published: October 2024

Německo a vojenský krizový management – mezi jistotami a nejistotami
Peacekeeping and Its Impact on Civil-Military Relations
Authors: Sarvaš Štefan
Published: October 2024

Michael C. Williams: Civil-Military Relations and Peacekeeping. Adelphi Paper , No. 321. IISS, London 1998, 93 stran.
ДО ПРОБЛЕМИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ ТА ОКРЕСЛЕННЯ ЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ БЕЗПЕКИ У СФЕРІ БАНКІВСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: НАУМЕНКО І.С.
Published: October 2024

У статті, спираючись на аналіз наукових поглядів вчених, запропоновано авторське визначення поняття «безпека у банківській діяльності». Запропоновано власний підхід щодо розуміння категорії «забезпечення безпеки у банківській діяльності». Підкреслено, що значення забезпечення безпеки у досліджуваній сфері полягає у тому, що воно створює умови для стабільної та надійної роботи банківської системи. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що в сутності безпеки криється характеристика захищеності, стабільності, непорушності, недоторканості чогось або когось. Це нульова точка реальності де відсутні будь-які фактори або чинники, що чинять негативний вплив, або потенційно можуть його чинити. При цьому, безпека є чутливою до контексту категорією, остаточний зміст якої залежить від сфери в якій її використовують. З’ясовано, що забезпечення безпеки у банківській діяльності — це комплекс організаційних, технічних, правових та управлінських заходів, спрямованих на захист банківських установ, їхніх активів, клієнтів та фінансових операцій від внутрішніх і зовнішніх загроз, таких як шахрайство, кіберзлочини, фінансові зловживання, відмивання коштів, а також ризики, пов'язані з економічною нестабільністю. Значення забезпечення безпеки у досліджуваній сфері полягає у тому, що воно створює умови для стабільної та надійної роботи банківської системи, що є основою для підтримки довіри громадян, інвесторів та бізнесу до фінансових установ. Ефективна система безпеки дозволяє мінімізувати фінансові ризики, запобігати загрозам кібербезпеки, захищати конфіденційні дані клієнтів і забезпечувати стійкість банків до зовнішніх та внутрішніх загроз та викликів.
ПРИНЦИПИ РЕІНТЕГРАЦІЇ ТИМЧАСОВО ОКУПОВАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ УКРАЇНИ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ
Authors: МІНАКОВА Є.В.
Published: October 2024

У статті обґрунтовано принципи реінтеграції тимчасово окупованих територій України та перспектив її правового закріплення. У процесі правового врегулювання механізму відновлення територіальної цілісності держави, важливе встановлення керівних принципів реінтеграції тимчасово окупованих територій України. Визначено, що принципи реінтеграції тимчасово окупованих територій України представляють собою керівні, основоположні ідеї та цінності покладені в основі відповідного процесу. Вони є основою для формування політики держави щодо реінтеграції деокупованих територій та сприяють забезпеченню справедливості в цьому процесі. Запропоновано до загальних принципів реінтеграції тимчасово окупованих територій України пропонується віднести: верховенство права та законність, демократизм, гуманізм, оперативність, ефективність та доцільність, прозорість та відкритість, обґрунтованість, плановість, координованість, передбачуваність, послідовність та ін. Спеціальними принципами реінтеграції тимчасово окупованих територій України можуть бути визначені: принцип пріоритету національних інтересів; принцип відповідальності української держави за реінтеграцію та її результати; принцип дотримання принципів і норм міжнародного права у процесі реінтеграції; принцип справедливості та неупередженості; принцип терміновості та невідкладності; принцип синхронізованості; принцип пріоритету розвитку громад; принцип недопущення насильства; орієнтованість на інтереси населення; недопущення дискримінації та забезпечення інклюзивності; недопушення повторної окупації; застосування концепції перехідного правосуддя; залучення інститутів громадянського суспільства та міжнародних організацій. Процес реінтеграції тимчасово окупованих територій України має бути підпорядкований міжнародним стандартам прав людини і верховенства права. . Принципи реінтеграції тимчасово окупованих територій України потребують подальших комплексних досліджень, особливо в частині міжнародного досвіду їх реалізації.