bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water quality and plankton diversity to support aquaculture in the middle Mahakam Watershed, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: PAGORAY HENNY , SUYATNA IWAN , SUKARTI KOMSANAH , KESUMA ARIF DATA , BUTARBUTAR TUNGGUL , RAAFI MUHAMMAD , SUYATNA MUHAMMAD BAGJA BRITANIA , DARU TAUFAN PURWOKUSUMANING
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Pagoray H, Suyatna I, Sukarti K, Kesuma AD, Butarbutar T, Raafi M, Suyatna MBB, Daru TP. 2025. Water quality and plankton diversity to support aquaculture in the middle Mahakam Watershed, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 233-245. The middle Mahakam watershed is associated with floodplain areas such as Semayang Lake, Melintang Lake, and Siran Lake, comprises some of the longest and widest rivers in East Kalimantan, and plays an important role in fisheries-based economic development. This study aimed to determine water quality in the middle Mahakam and asses its influence on the abundance, diversity, evenness and dominance of plankton in the context of aquaculture. Samples were collected at six sampling points: Pela River (Sangkuliman Village), Pela Lama, middle of Semayang Lake, Mahakam River, Enggelam Estuary, and Melintang Lake. At all sampling points, most parameters met the quality standards of East Kalimantan Provincial Government (2011), except pH, watercolor, COD, and phenol. Phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance was highest in the Mahakam River, with the most phytoplankton belonging to class Bacillariophyceae (49%), and most zooplankton to the Rotifera (63%). The diversity, evenness, and dominance of phytoplankton and zooplankton were relatively low at all sampling points. Various chemical and physical factors influence plankton, so their presence is dependent on and can affect the water quality. There is a need to pay attention to plankton-related aspects that can be used to estimate productivity and aquaculture potential.
Density and distribution mapping of invasive plant Jatropha gossypiifolia in priority savanna of Bama Resort, Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Solfiyeni Solfiyeni , Nurmalasari Adinda
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Solfiyeni, Nurmalasari A. 2025. Density and distribution mapping of invasive plant Jatropha gossypiifolia in priority savanna of Bama Resort, Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 255-264. Jatropha gossypiifolia (Bellyache bush) is one of the invasive alien plant species in the savanna of Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia. The invasiveness of J. gossypiifolia is the main focus of this study because this species has the potential to have a significant and far-reaching impact on the stability of the savanna ecosystem in Baluran National Park. This study aims to determine the density, distribution pattern, and distribution area of J. gossypiifolia and to analyze environmental factors that affect its presence in the savanna of Bama Resort, Baluran National Park. The survey method for distribution mapping and a single plot method to determine density and distribution pattern. Meanwhile, to analyze the relationship between environmental factors and plant density of J. gossypiifolia, Canonical Component Analysis (CCA) was used. The results showed that the density of J. gossypiifolia plants in the observation area of 400 m2 was 1.94 individuals/m2 or estimated in hectares around 19,400 individuals/ha and this plant was found growing in 15 sub-plots out of a total of 16 sub-plots observed in the field. The distribution pattern of J. gossypiifolia plants in the observation area is clustered with a Morisita Index value of 1.48. Furthermore, it is known that the distribution area of J. gossypiifolia plants in the priority savanna of Bama Resort is around 25 hectares of the total savanna area of Bama Resort of around 512 hectares. The existence of J. gossypiifolia plants is strongly influenced by the high and low light intensity. Jatropha gossypiifolia plants have spread quite widely in the priority savanna of Bama Resort, Baluran National Park. This plant is most commonly found growing in savannas close to the road, so it is necessary to routinely monitor each savanna as an effort to manage invasive alien plants in the savannas of Baluran National Park.
Teliospore morphology characterization of Uromycladium falcatariae in falcata plantations at different elevations in Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: LOQUEZ MHAR O. , AMPER CAROLINA D. , TULOD ADRIAN M. , GILBERO DENNIS M.
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Loquez MO, Amper CD, Tulod AM, Gilbero DM. 2025. Teliospore morphology characterization of Uromycladium falcatariae in falcata plantations at different elevations in Mindanao Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 26: 296-305. The fungus Uromycladium falcatariae causes gall rust disease in falcata (Falcataria falcata), with severe infections commonly observed at higher elevations (>400 masl). It produces teliospores that disperse through the air, contributing to its widespread prevalence. This study aimed to characterize the fungal teliospores across different elevations in Mindanao using Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Mature galls with visible brown or rusty powder from falcata were collected from low (<400 masl), moderate (>400-800 masl), and high (>801 masl) elevations. Microphotographs of the teliospores were generated, examined, and compared for morpho-features and quantitative measurements across these elevations. This research provides the first SEM-based morphological characterization of U. falcatariae. The LM results revealed significant increases in teliospore length (P<0.05) and width (P<0.05) with elevation, with the largest dimensions observed at high elevations. SEM analysis demonstrated significant variation in the diameter of the germ pore (P<0.01) and the dorsal concave structure (P<0.05) across elevations, with the largest measurements recorded at high elevations. Detailed morphological features and quantitative measurements of teliospores were revealed from apical, dorsal, and equatorial orientations in SEM. Furthermore, this study provided morphological characteristics of teliospores across elevations, which can aid in the taxonomy and morphological classification of this rust fungus.
Ethnobotany of medicinal plants by the community in Langgudu Sub-district, Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: ALBAR HARDIMAN , JUHRIAH JUHRIAH , SANTOSA SLAMET
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Albar H, Juhriah, Santosa S. 2025. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants by the community in Langgudu Sub-district, Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 315-325. The use of plants as traditional medicine has been a long-standing practice among the people of Langgudu Sub-district, Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the diversity of medicinal plant species, plant parts used, processing methods, and how to use plants as traditional medicine. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection using a semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to 45 respondents who are traditional healers and community users of medicinal plants. Questionnaire data with respondents were analyzed using quantitative ethnobotany index calculations consisting of Use Value (UV), Fidelity Level (FL), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF). Based on the results of the study, the community uses 50 species of medicinal plants classified into 44 genera and 29 families as traditional medicine to treat 37 different types of diseases. The largest families come from the Fabaceae, Moraceae, and Zingiberaceae families (8% each). The most widely used part of the plant is the leaves (44%). The most common processing method is boiling (52%), at the same time, the most common way of use is drinking (76%). The highest UV values were found in the plant species Carica papaya, Strychnos nux-vomica, Swietenia mahagoni, Psidium guajava, and Curcuma longa, with values of 1 each. The highest FL value was found in the P. guajava plant with a value of (100%), which is the type of plant with the largest number of user respondents. The highest ICF values were found in the categories of dermatological diseases and reproductive system disorders, with values of 0.96 each. Medical plants play a very important role in providing health services in the study area. This study needs to be carried out scientifically related to its utilization and safety through various biological activity tests and toxicological properties.
Peat-derived Streptomyces spp. isolated from edamame rhizosphere with plant growth-promoting properties
Authors: ERDIANDINI IRA , TJAHJOLEKSONO ARIS , ASTUTI RIKA INDRI , HUSEN EDI , WAHYUDI ARIS TRI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Erdiandini I, Tjahjoleksono A, Astuti RI, Husen E, Wahyudi AT. 2025. Peat-derived Streptomyces spp. isolated from edamame rhizosphere with plant growth-promoting properties. Biodiversitas 26: 326-334. Peatlands, which are known for their high organic matter content, are common habitats for actinomycetes. These microorganisms have been recognized for their potential as plant growth promoters. However, there have been limited reports on peat-derived actinomycetes with plant growth-promoting properties, especially in edamame-cultivated peatlands. This study aimed to isolate and investigate plant growth-promoting actinomycetes in the rhizosphere of edamame-cultivated peatlands. The results showed that a total of 46 strains were isolated from the edamame rhizosphere during the anthesis and reproductive phase. Importantly, 36 of these strains were found to be biologically safe, as showed by the negative hemolysis and hypersensitivity test. All 36 strains produced indole-3-acetic acid in the range of 2.42 to 50.07 µg/mL. Based on the in vivo plant growth-promoting activity assay, strains RT34, AR26, AR39, and BT59 promoted the highest primary root growth of edamame sprouts. Interestingly, the acetylene reduction assay revealed that only RT34 and AR39 strains exhibited nitrogenase activity as high as that of Azotobacter sp. as a positive control. The nitrogenase activity of these strains was up to 27.42 nmol C2H4 h-1tube-1 and 28.10 nmol C2H4 h-1tube-1. Furthermore, quantitative phosphate solubilization assay showed phosphate solubilization up to 527.76 µg/mL in the range of 258.31 to 527.76 µg/mL. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, these strains were closely related to the genus Streptomyces. The finding of present results strongly indicates that these Streptomyces strains have plant growth-promoting properties and can be proposed as biostimulants to enhance edamame growth in peatlands.
Effect of probiotic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii 2P10 and mannan-oligosaccharide on the intestine health of rat infected with Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: WULAN RAHAYU , ASTUTI RIKA INDRI , RUKAYADI YAYA , ESTUNINGSIH SRI , MERYANDINI ANJA
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Wulan R, Astuti RI, Rukayadi Y, Estuningsih S, Meryandini A. 2025. Effect of probiotic yeast Pichia kudriavzevii 2P10 and mannan-oligosaccharide on the intestine health of rat infected with Salmonella Typhimurium. Biodiversitas 26: 335-344. Recent evidence suggests that probiotic yeast is efficacious against bacterial infections. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with the live yeast probiotic Pichia kudriavzevii 2P10, Mannan-Oligosaccharide (MOS), and their combination on the growth performance and intestinal health of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats infected with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (ST). Two groups were studied: one without ST infection, including P. kudriavzevii 2P10 (PRO), MOS, and their combination (PMOS), and one with ST infection, including CONTROL.ST, PRO.ST, MOS.ST, and PMOS.ST. A diet of 108 CFU/mL PRO and 5% MOS was administered orally for 15 days, followed by a challenge with 108 CFU/mL ST in the ST group. After three days of challenge, the parameters were observed. The findings of this research are that ST infection in rats can cause colonization of ST in the ileum, causing a decrease in white blood cells, necrosis of epithelial cells, and an increased villous-to-crypt ratio (VCR) as a response to inflammation. The administration of PRO, MOS, and their combinations prevents inflammation, as proven by the absence of necrosis and epithelial desquamation. PRO, MOS, and their combinations stimulate intestinal health by increasing villus height, width, and VCR. MOS was found to be the best for increasing lactic acid bacteria. During ST infection, P. kudriavzevii 2P10 can coagulate with ST in the ileum, with this yeast-bacteria binding mechanism allowing free Salmonella Typhimurium cells to bind more to P. kudriavzevii 2P10 cells than to intestinal epithelial cells so that bacterial infection can be prevented. In conclusion, P. kudriavzevii 2P10 administration was the best for stimulating growth performance and intestinal health and preventing severe ST infection in male SD rats, offering promising avenues for further research and potential practical applications in human and animal nutrition and health.
Gut microbiome profile of Namalycastis sp. at Setiu wetland in Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: IEHATA SHUMPEI , HAMZAH SITI RABAAH , AZMI SITI SYAZWANI , IBRAHIM YUSOF SHUAIB
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Iehata S, Hamzah SR, Azmi SS, Ibrahim YS. 2025. Gut microbiome profile of Namalycastis sp. at Setiu wetland in Terengganu, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 26: 358-367. Marine worm regulates the surrounding sediment microbial composition structure and diversity. While there are increasing reports on marine worm-related microbiome assemblage and their functional role in the ecosystem, more knowledge still needs to be reported on the gut microbiome associated with the Nypa worm (Namalycastis sp.). The present study conducted 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbiome community of the Nypa worm gut as well as the environmental sample (rotten Nypa and surrounding water) and analyzed potential microbial functions using functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and upset plot results revealed the obvious relationship between microbiome compositions associated with Namalycastis sp. gut and their habitat (Nypa). Similarly, some genera, such as genus Demequina, were found to be in higher abundance in Namalycastis sp. gut and Nypa. This higher abundance could indicate a symbiotic relationship or a specific adaptation to the Nypa environment. Functional predictions based on FAPROTAX indicated that Nypa worms possess higher potentials for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation, aromatic compound degradation, aliphatic non-methane hydrocarbon degradation, and hydrocarbon degradation than environmental samples. The findings in this study suggested that the Nypa worm gut is a reservoir of several beneficial bacteria, such as Rhodococcus and Saccharimonadales, which create a unique microbial environment that facilitates the microbiological degradation of organic compounds. In addition, the genus Rhodococcus and candidatus Xiphinematobacter would become potential biomarkers to monitor the shifting environmental condition of mangroves.
Exploration of bioactive compounds in invasive plant Spathodea campanulata flower originating from Bukit Barisan National Park, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: DURYAT DURYAT , GHOZALI RAFLI INDRA , SARAGIH YOPPIE JORDAN , RODIANI RODIANI , MARYONO TRI , PARDILAWATI CITRA YULIYANDA , ISMANTO ISMANTO
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Duryat, Ghozali RI, Saragih YJ, Rodiani, Maryono T, Pardilawati CY, Ismanto. 2024. Exploration of bioactive compounds in invasive plant Spathodea campanulata flower originating from Bukit Barisan National Park, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 366-376. The African tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata), an invasive alien species, poses a significant ecological threat but offers promising bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential. This study aimed to profile the bioactive compounds present in the flowers of S. campanulata sourced from the Utilization Zone of Pemerihan Resort, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), Lampung, Indonesia. Using ethanol extraction followed by LC-MS and GC-MS analysis, 11 bioactive compounds were identified, comprising six volatile and five non-volatile compounds. These compounds, categorized into flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, and iridoids, exhibited 13 notable medical properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinergic activities. The findings highlight the potential of S. campanulata flowers in addressing some of the world's deadliest diseases, such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory infections, and coronary artery disease. Despite these promising results, further research is essential to translate these findings into practical applications. Future studies should focus on in vitro and in vivo pharmacological evaluations, toxicity assessments, clinical trials, and compound synthesis and dosing optimization. The discovery of these bioactive compounds underscores the dual role of invasive species as both ecological challenges and valuable resources for pharmaceutical development.
Exploring the diversity of cellulolytic microorganisms from tea factory waste and evaluating their potential in breaking down tea waste
Authors: SEMBIRING MARIANI , MUKHLIS MUKHLIS , RAZALI RAZALI , HIDAYAT BENNY
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Sembiring M, Mukhlis, Razali, Hidayat B. 2025. Exploring the diversity of cellulolytic microorganisms from tea factory waste and evaluating their potential in breaking down tea waste. Biodiversitas 26: 377-385. The rate at which organic materials decompose is influenced by their cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose content. To accelerate the decomposition process, cellulolytic microorganisms can be employed, which can be isolated from organic materials. Tea plants, as a significant plantation commodity, produce various types of waste during processing, including solid, liquid, and gas wastes. Solid waste from tea factories is produced in large quantities year-round and has substantial potential as a source of organic material. This research aimed to find cellulolytic microbes that were sourced from tea waste and have superior potential in the decomposition of organic matter, especially tea waste. The research involved several stages: isolating microbes from semi-processed waste from the Bah Butong tea factory, purifying the microbes to obtain pure isolates, testing the semi-qualitative potency of these isolates on CMC (Carboxyl methyl cellulase) media, and assessing the degradation potential of the superior isolates on raw tea factory waste. The research findings revealed the presence of five bacteria and two fungi from tea factory waste that have potential as decomposer microbes: Enterobacter oligotrophicus (AS), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia H05 (BS), S. maltophilia (CS), Priestia megaterium (DS), Methylophilus methylotrophus (ES) and cellulolytic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus (J1) and Aspergillus corrugatus (J2). Overall, the use of these cellulolytic bacteria and fungi can accelerate the decomposition of tea factory waste, with compost nitrogen content increasing by 102%. The application of Aspergillus corrugatus (J2) and Methylophilus methylotrophus (ES) is the best treatment with the lowest C/N ratios and the highest total nitrogen content.
Comparative micromorphology of Costus pictus and Hellenia speciosa collected from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Triet , Tran Van Chen , Duong Nguyen Xuan Lam , Nguyen Thi Thu Hien , Nguyen Thi Nga , Tran Thi Thuy Quynh
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Triet NT, Chen TV, Lam DNX, Hien NTT, Nga NT, Quynh TTT. 2025. Comparative micromorphology of Costus pictus and Hellenia speciosa collected from Vietnam. Biodiversitas 26: 407-417. Costus pictus and Hellenia speciosa are two herbs belonging to the family Costaceae that have been used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes and are also used as daily food. The comparative anatomical characteristics between C. pictus and H. speciosa from Vietnam have not been systematically noted. This study aimed to develop microanatomical monographs of C. pictus and H. speciosa from Vietnam. Six fresh plants each were randomly collected for use in this study. Anatomical structures of rhizomes, roots, stems, and leaves were carried out using the iodine green-carmine staining method. The anatomical structural features of plant parts were analyzed and recorded through optical microscopy. The anatomical structural features of the tested samples are similar to those of Costus species. Notably, the anatomical structure of H. speciosa rhizome is similar to its stem, but different from that of C. pictus rhizome. The microstructures of their roots and leaves easily distinguish these species from each other. Additionally, smaller unicellular trichomes were observed in C. pictus leaves, while sub-air cavities, larger unicellular stout trichomes, and peltate glandular trichomes were found in H. speciosa leaves. The present evidence highlights the main structural features for distinguishing and identifying Vietnamese C. pictus and H. speciosa.
Metabolite profiles and biomarkers of three Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) medicinal plant species in Java Island, Indonesia
Authors: KHOIRUNISA AMANDA , CHIKMAWATI TATIK , NUGROHO GIRI , MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Khoirunisa A, Chikmawati T, Nugroho G, Miftahudin. 2025. Metabolite profiles and biomarkers of three Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) medicinal plant species in Java Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 434-443. Metabolite content in plants is an important taxonomic marker that facilitates the realistic delimitation of species. Substantial improvement is needed for the metabolomic data of several fern species, including Selaginella, which is widely used as a medicinal plant on Java Island. Therefore, this research aimed to profile metabolite compounds in Selaginella ornata, S. plana, and S. willdenowii, and identify biomarkers for species differentiation. Metabolite content and data were determined with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and MZmine 3.1.0 beta software, respectively. Meanwhile, metabolite profiling, heatmap clusters, and cluster analysis were carried out using MetaboAnalyst 5.0. A total of 113 metabolites were detected in three Selaginella species observed. Based on metabolite characteristics, cluster analysis categorized all individuals into three groups, showing that individuals from the same species were more similar than others, with S. ornata metabolites appearing more similar to S. willdenowii than to S. plana. Three species had similarities in the compounds 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonitrile, 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, 3-furoic acid, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, amentoflavone, avobenzone, ibuprofen, kojic acid, and skyrin. Metabolites only possessed by each species of S. plana, S. ornata, and S. willdenowii included 4-vinylphenol, velutin, and axahine B, respectively. This research reported for the first time several low-weight secondary metabolites with potential application as biomarkers to differentiate three species.
Floristic composition and carbon sequestration of traditional agroforestry on peatland in Rimbo Panjang, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia
Authors: ISDA MAYTA NOVALIZA , FATONAH SITI , YULMINARTI YULMINARTI , OKTARINA NUR ZARAH , ROSLIM DEWI INDRIYANI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Isda MN, Fatonah S, Yulminarti, Oktarina NZ, Roslim DI. 2025. Floristic composition and carbon sequestration of traditional agroforestry on peatland in Rimbo Panjang, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 470-479. Trees in agroforestry systems contribute to long-term carbon sequestration, helping to mitigate climate change. Traditional agroforestry is characterized by multifunctionality through the use a variety of native trees to maintain ecological balance and support local livelihoods. This study aimed to determine the plant composition of traditional agroforestry in Rimbo Panjang Village, Kampar, Riau, Indonesia, its utilization, and its role in carbon sequestration. Observations were made in two hamlets, namely Dusun 1 and Dusun 2, where both hamlets have traditional agroforestry systems. Observation on floristic composition was conducted by counting the number of individuals of each species and the diameter at breast height of each individual plant. Carbon sequestration was calculated based on the above-ground biomass determined using an allometric formula accounting for trunk diameter and wood density. The results showed that traditional agroforestry in Dusun 2 had a higher number of plant species, with a total of 17 species, compared to Dusun 1, which had 11 species. The dominant species in Dusun 1 was Cocos nucifera, while in Dusun 2 was Durio zibethinus. Plants in this agroforestry system have a variety of benefits, both for self-consumption and being marketed for domestic uses and as industrial raw materials. The average carbon sequestration in Rimbo Panjang Village was 508.65 tons/ha CO2 equivalent (CO2e), with carbon sequestration in Dusun 2 (618,3 tons/ha CO2e) higher than that of Dusun 1 (399 tons/ha CO2e). The high plant diversity in this agroforestry system supports community livelihoods and plays an important role in climate change mitigation through its role in carbon sequestration. These benefits highlight the need to support and develop sustainable agroforestry practices as a sustainable land use strategy, especially in Riau's extensively degraded peatlands.
Two new records of Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae) for the Flora of Myanmar
Authors: SAENSOUK PIYAPORN , SAENSOUK SURAPON , BOONMA THAWATPHONG , OO WIN PAING , HTET NYI MIN , MAKNOI CHARUN , BONGCHEEWIN BHANUBONG , HTWAY NYI NYI , MINN HEIN MYAT
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Saensouk P, Saensouk S, Boonma T, Oo WP, Htet NM, Maknoi C, Bongcheewin B, Htway NN, Minn HM. 2025. Two new records of Boesenbergia Kuntze (Zingiberaceae: Zingibereae) for the Flora of Myanmar. Biodiversitas 26: 480-489. This study reported two new records of Boesenbergia for Myanmar: Boesenbergia meghalayensis Aishwarya & M.Sabu, found in Yangon Region, and B. siphonantha (King ex Baker) M.Sabu, Prasanthk. & Škorni?k., found in Kayin State and Mon State. The study aimed to confirm the presence of these species in Myanmar through comprehensive taxonomic analysis based on morphological observations of living specimens collected from their natural habitats. Additionally, to expand the known distribution of Boesenbergia and support ongoing efforts to document the region's rich botanical diversity. Morphological characteristics were analyzed using specimens from natural habitats and compared with taxonomic literature and herbarium records. This study confirmed the presence of B. meghalayensis in Yangon Region and B. siphonantha in Kayin and Mon States as new records for Myanmar, along with verifying B. plicata in the Bago Region. These findings expand the distribution of Boesenbergia in Myanmar, providing an updated checklist and emphasizing the importance of taxonomic research for conservation and preserving the country’s plant diversity.
Comparison of rhizobacterial communities between secondary forest and palm oil plantations in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: YULIATIN ERVINDA , HARIANI NOVA , DHARMA BODHI , PATANG FATMAWATI , BUDIMAN BUDIMAN
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Yuliatin E, Hariani N, Dharma B, Patang F, Budiman. 2025. Comparison of rhizobacterial communities between secondary forest and palm oil plantations in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 490-499. The conversion of primary forests to plantations is considered a sustainable form of land management; however, its implications for soil rhizobacterial diversity remain insufficiently explored. This study compared the rhizobacterial communities associated with Palm oil Plantation (PP) and Secondary Forest (SF) in East Kalimantan using a metagenomic approach. The soil samples were collected around the Secondary Forest soil (SF) and Palm oil Plantation soil (PP) plant roots in Berambai, Samarinda. The samples were then analyzed for soil physico-chemical properties such as pH, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), organic matter, and C/N ratio. At the same time, the rhizobacterial diversity was analyzed using a metagenomic analysis through Illumina Hiseq. Soil physico-chemical assessments showed acidic conditions in both soils, with PP being more acidic (pH 4.41) than SF (pH 5.38); nutrient analysis indicated medium nitrogen levels and high organic carbon in both soils, while PP had elevated P content due to fertilization. Metagenomic analysis revealed similar rhizobacterial richness, but diversity was slightly higher in PP. Dominant phyla included Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota, with notable orders like Rhizobiales and Acidobacteriales. The functional analysis highlighted rhizobacterial roles in organic decomposition, plant growth promotion, and nitrogen fixation, illustrating ecological adaptation to soil conditions and management practices. This study provides insights into the rhizobacterial functional diversity in distinct soil environments.
Phytochemical Analysis and antioxidant activity from Phanera semibifida stem and leaves extracts using LC-MS/MS
Authors: SUHENDRA MEYLA , JULIANDI BERRY , DARUSMAN HUDA SHALAHUDIN , SADIAH SITI , FITMAWATI FITMAWATI , BUDIARTI SRI , RIANTI PUJI
Published: February 2025

Phanera semibifida is a forest plant that contains metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. Lingga Malay ethnic uses P. semibifida stem as the main ingredient in health potions. Based on this primary evidence, P. semibifida has potential medicinal uses. However, studies on metabolite content and bioactivity screening of the stem and leave extract P. semibifida are still limited. This research aimed to identify the phytochemical profile and  bioactivity screening of the P. semibifida stems and leaf extract. The sample was extracted using 96% ethanol with maceration methods. The chemical content was identified using LC-MS/MS methods. Antioxidant potential was eval__uated with DPPH methods. Based on LC-MS/MS analysis, 26 compounds were identified from stem extract, and 24 compounds were identified from leave extract. The compound originates from seven compound groups: carboxylic acid,  flavonoid, phenolics, polifenol, terpenoid, Tricarboxylic acid, and Humulonoid. Carboxylic acid is the most commonly obtained compound in this research. The compounds identified in the stem extract differ from those in the leaf extract. Quercetin-3'-glucuronide, Apigetrin, and Glucogallin are only found in the stem extract, whereas Salicylic acid is only found in the leaf extract. Many researchers report that the group compound has potential as Antioxidants, antiviral or antimicrobial, anti-vitiligo, anticancer or antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anti-diabetic. The antiradical activity assay revealed that the stem extract had the highest activity, with an IC50 of 9.091 ppm. The IC50 data indicated that higher quantities of flavonoid components could increase antioxidant activity.
Abundance of adult Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) across six settlements in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: SAPUTRA FADLY RIAN , WAHID ISRA , SUPRIYONO SUPRIYONO , HADI UPIK KESUMAWATI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Saputra FR, Wahid I, Supriyono, Hadi UK. 2025. Abundance of adult Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) across six settlements in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 509-519. Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are major vectors of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. These diseases impose a significant global health burden, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions where environmental conditions favor mosquito population growth and disease transmission. This study aimed to analyze the abundance of adult Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus across six settlements in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Mosquito collections were conducted from January to October 2023. The selected settlements were Manuju, Pangembang, Tamala’lang, Adatongeng, Lae-Lae, and Panaikang. The findings indicated that Ae. aegypti was predominantly found indoors in Lae-Lae, with a total of 696 individuals (58.7%) from 100 surveyed houses, while Ae. albopictus was mostly found indoors in Pangembang, with 31 individuals (55.4%). Outdoors, Ae. aegypti was most abundant in Lae-Lae, where 32 individuals (80.0%) were captured in vegetated areas around 100 surveyed houses, such as near bamboo trees and other vegetation surrounding the settlements Similarly, Ae. albopictus was more frequently found outdoors in the same area, with 177 individuals (33.1%) captured under similar conditions. In total, Ae. aegypti was primarily found indoors, with 1186 individuals (p<0.01), while Ae. albopictus was mainly found outdoors, with 535 individuals (p<0.001). These findings reveal significant differences in the abundance of these mosquito species between indoors and outdoors, highlighting the influence of local environmental factors on their distribution in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.
The phytic acid and protein contents on faba beans (Vicia faba) tempeh production with variation of size reduction and fermentation.
Authors: FITRIANI SEPTIANA NUR , HANDAJANI SRI , AFFANDI DIAN RACHMAWANTI
Published: February 2025

Fitriani SN, Handajani S, Affandi DR. 2016. The phytic acid and protein contents on faba beans (Vicia faba) tempeh production with variation of size reduction and fermentation. Bioteknologi 13: 54-62. The aims of this research is to know the effect of size reduction variation and fermentation time variation of faba beans tempeh production to phytic acid and soluble protein contents. This research use factorial experiment that arranged in Randomized Complete Design (RCD) with two experimental factors including size reduction (chopped and sliced) and time of fermentation (0, 30, 36, 42, and 48 hour). The result showed phytic acid contents at fermentation 0, 30, 36, 42, and 48 hour on faba beans tempeh of chopped seeds are 1.003%; 0.228%; 0.165%; 0.160%; and 0.087% respectively. Then on faba beans tempeh of sliced seeds are 1.003%; 0.389%; 0.233%; 0.173%; and 0.101% respectively. Contents of soluble protein on faba beans tempeh of chopped seeds are 2.794%; 3.850%; 4.139%; 4.310; and 5.450% respectively. Then faba beans tempeh of sliced seeds are 2.794%; 3.528%; 4.114%; 4.261%; and 5.392% respectively. Fermentation time and size of faba beans seeds affect on phytic acid and soluble protein contents of faba beans tempeh. The longer fermentation time of faba beans tempeh caused lower phytic acid content and higher soluble protein content. The smaller size of faba beans seeds on tempeh caused lower phytic acid content and higher soluble protein content. Faba beans tempeh of chopped seeds with 48 hour fermentation had the lowest of phytic acid content and the highest of soluble protein contents of all the sample with variation of reducing size and duration of fermentation.
Antihelmintic effect of sambiloto herb infusa (Andrographis paniculata) to Ascaris suum in vitro.
Authors: BUDIYANTI RANI TIYAS , MURKATI MURKATI , QADRIJATI ISNA
Published: February 2025

Budiyanti RT, Murkati, Qadrijati I. 2016. Antihelmintic effect of sambiloto herb infusa (Andrographis paniculata) to Ascaris suum in vitro. Bioteknologi 13: 73- 82. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) contains of saponin, tannin, and andrographolide that has antihelmintic activities. The aim of this research is knowing the existence of antihelmintic effect from infusa of sambiloto herb at Ascaris suum in vitro. The type of this research is experimental research with â€œ the post test only group control designâ€ method. Animal trial that was used is Ascaris suum. To get the number of each group, it used quote sampling technique. This research was done in three step that used infusa of sambiloto herb concentracy 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, aquadest (negative control), and pyrantel pamoate 0,236%. The antihelmintic effect was determined based on LC50, while the effectiveness of antihelmintic was determined based on LT50 that was compared with LT50 pyrantel pamoate, the drug of choice ascariasis disease. Obtained data was tested statistically by Kolmogorov-Smirnov to show the normality of data. Then, Pearson Test was used to show the correlation between sambiloto herb and the mortality of Ascaris suum. Probit Analysis was used to get LC50 and LT50. Result of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test shows the normality data (p=0,2 or p>0,05). Pearson Test shows that there are significant result (p=0,00 or p<0,05) and has the strong relation (r= 0,999). Probit Analysis shows that the LC50 infusa of sambiloto herb is 61,13% and its LT50 is 6 hours 34 minutes. While the LT50 of pyrantel pamoate is 4 hours 16 minutes. Infusa of Sambiloto herb (Andrographis paniculata, Nees.) has antihelmintic effect with the LC50 is 61,13% although that effectiveness less than pyrantel pamoate.
The effect of anting-anting (Acalypha indica) extract with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of Balb/C mice induced streptozotocin.
Authors: PERLITASARI YESSI , PRASETYO DIDING HERI , MARTINI MARTINI
Published: February 2025

Perlitasari Y, Prasetyo DH, Martini. 2016. The effect of anting-anting (Acalypha indica) extract with malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of Balb/C mice induced streptozotocin. Bioteknologi 13: 83-90. The objective of the research was to examine the effect of anting-anting (Acalypha indica Linn) extract with malondialdehyde levels of Balb/C mice induced streptozotocin. This study was a laboratory experimental post test only control group design. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin doses of 65 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 0,02 M citrate saline buffer. The subjects used were 32 male mice divided into 4 groups: (i) Non-diabetic control group; (ii) Diabetic group; (iii) Treated-diabetic group with metformin doses of 1,3 mg/mice/day; and (iv) Treated-diabetic group with anting-anting extract dose 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. After 2 weeks, malondialdehyde level was measured. Blood was collected in clean centrifuge tube with EDTA from orbitalis sinus and centrifuged (15 minutes at 3000 rpm, 37Â°C). The serum used for MDA assay in Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University. The data obtained were statistic analyzed by Anova using SPSS Programme for Microsoft Windows release 16.0. Significance was set at p<0,05. MDA levels of non-diabetic control group 0,211Â±0,145 Î¼mol/L, diabetic group 0,363Â±0,208 Î¼mol/L, treated-diabetic group with metformin 0,389 Â± 0,187 Î¼mol/L and treated-diabetic group with anting-anting extract 0,309Â±0,145 Î¼mol/L. Statistical analyses with Anova showed that the result was not significance (p=0,199). The experiment result showed that anting-anting (Acalypha indica Linn) extract doses 1000 mg/kg body weight/day can reduce the MDA levels in Balb/C mice induced streptozotocin but statistically insignificance (p=0,538).
Short Communication: Inhibitory effect of Sapindus rarak ethyl acetate extract on Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: SILVIANI YUSIANTI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Silviani S. 2017. Short Communication: Inhibitory effect of Sapindus rarak ethyl acetate extract on Staphylococcus aureus. Bioteknologi 14:1. The research aimed to know the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), the Minimum Killing Concentration (MKC) and the inhibitory fungal zone of Sapindus rarak - ethyl acetate extract on Staphylococcus aureus. The research used an experimental descriptive design by using controlled post-test approach by measuring the value of MIC, MKC and the inhibitory fungal zone. This research was performed in 2016 at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Akademi Analis Kesehatan Nasional (Academy of National Health Analyst) by using dilution method and diffusion disc. The result of this research showed that the value of MIC was not able to be concluded, the value of MKC was 80% and the greatest inhibitory effect zone achieved at 100% concentration was 10.3 mm. The ethyl acetate extract claimed medium to strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus.
Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum on the quality of yogurt
Authors: SIDDIQ HIND ALI MOHAMED , HAMID OMER IBRAHIM AHMED
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Siddiq HAM, Hamid OIA. 2017. Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum on the quality of yogurt. Bioteknologi 14: 25-31. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of culture starter and storage period to conventional yogurt culture. Eight liters of fresh cow milk were purchased from a dairy farm located at the College of Animal Production Science and Technology, Khartoum Sudan. The milk was pasteurized at 90°C for 30 minutes then cooled to 45°C. The pasteurized milk was then divided into four equal portions. Four treatments were carried out. The first treatment was the control sample, namely yogurt which was from conventional yogurt culture starter. In the second, third and fourth treatments, respectively, 50%, 75% and 100% of culture starter adjunct (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum) were added. The inoculated milk was incubated in all treatments at 43 °C for three hours. After complete coagulation, the yogurt samples were cooled by refrigeration with a temperature of 4°C. Chemical composition and sensory evaluation were carried out on the yogurt samples in all treatments at intervals of 1, 5 and 10 days. The results indicated that significant variations (P<0.05) were found in the fat %, acidity % and protein % while total solids and the ash % showed no significant difference (P>0.05) due to the culture starter adjunct addition. However, the storage period had significant difference (P<0.05) on the fat, protein, total solids, and acidity while the ash content was not affected by storage period. The sensory characteristics of the yogurt samples were found to be not affected significantly (P>0.05) by the storage period, except the texture and overall acceptability. The addition of starter cultures had significant variations on the color, flavor, texture, taste, and overall acceptability. The results revealed that the treatments with 50% and 75% showed higher sensory scores than others.
Selection and characterization of soil microorganisms in hydrocarbon biodegradation on crude oil contaminated media
Authors: FAUZI MUHAMMAD , HARIYADI HARI ROEM , SETIAWATI MIEKE ROCHIMI , WULANDARI ASRI PENI , SURYATMANA PUJAWATI
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Fauzi M, Hariyadi HR, Setiawati MR, Wulandari AP, Suryatmana P. 2017. Selection and characterization of soil microorganisms in hydrocarbon biodegradation on crude oil contaminated media. Bioteknologi 14: 32-36. This study aims to find the microorganisms that have the ability to degrade hydrocarbon in crude oil contaminated media. The crude oil was taken from PT, Pertamina RU VI, Balongan, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia. This study was carried out from September to October 2016 in Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. The strains were from the same laboratory and as follows: Azospirillum sp., Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas cepacia, Bacillus subtilis, Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus niger. The selection of microbes is based on the characteristic of microorganisms on degrading hydrocarbon from crude oil on media containing crude oil (Total Plate Count = TPC), the capability on degrading the hydrocarbon of crude oil, and the capability of dissolving phosphorus microbes. The results showed that Acinetobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. as nitrogen fixation bacteria, had higher cell population than Azospirillum sp. While P. cepacia and Penicillium sp., as phosphorus dissolving microbes group had higher cell population than B. subtilis and A. niger. On the process of biodegradation of hydrocarbon, P. cepacia had higher on efficiency of hydrocarbon than B. subtilis, Penicillium sp. was more efficient than A. niger, and Acinetobacter sp. was more efficient than Azospirillum sp. The characteristic capability of a microbe in dissolving phosphate substance in media was marked with halo zone form on Pikovskaya media in Petri dish, where P. cepacia had larger halo zone than B. subtilis and Penicillium sp. had larger halo zone than A. niger.
Cattle urine as a low-cost medium for accelerate growth, biomass productivity, and lipid production of Botryococcus braunii: Future energy
Authors: HIDAYATI ZULFA , AROFAH ANNISA NUR , FAKHIRA JIHAN
Published: February 2025

Abstract. Hidayati Z, Arofah AN, Fakhira J. 2018. Cattle urine as a low-cost medium for accelerate growth, biomass productivity, and lipid production of Botryococcus braunii: future energy. Bioteknologi 15: 51-54. The increasing necessities of global energy can trigger an energy crisis. Microalgae is a unicellular microorganism which has potency as bioenergy, such as biofuel, and efficient alternative to substitute fossil resources. Botryococcus braunii is a microalgae that has a high lipid concentration of around 25-80%, and it is this characteristic which shows its potency to produce biofuel. The research purpose was to utilize cattle urine as an alternative medium for growth of B. braunii. Some of the components in cattle urine are 95% water, urea, 2.5% mineral salt, hormone, enzyme, 69% nitrogen, sulfur, and magnesium. The components of cattle urine can substitute macronutrient and micronutrient in others synthesis medium. This research was designed by using Random Design Complete (RAL) with seven variables: control culture B. braunii (medium macronutrient+ micronutrient Johnson); cultures B. braunii with 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, and 17.5% concentration of cattle urine+micronutrient Johnson. The methods of this research were divided into three steps: preparation, testing, and analysis of biomass also lipid extraction. The data from the observations of biomass were analyzed with linear regression equation. All of data was analyzed in Microsoft Excel. The results showed in culture B. braunii with a 12.5% of concentration cattle urine, that it can accelerate the growth of cell B. braunii being maximal which production 1.425 mg/L biomass in days 12. Additionally, B. braunii culture with 12.5% of concentration cattle urine can accelerate biomass productivity of B. brauni which production 9.018 g/L biomass. Whereas with just added cattle urine as medium is not given significantly to lipid production.