bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMG Artifacts Removal from Multi-Channel EEG Signals using Multi-Channel Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Zubair Muhammad
Published: May 2021

The Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the brain sig- nals which are most normally debased by Electromyogram (EMG) antiquities. The presence of these EMG antiquities covers the necessary information in an EEG signal. In this paper, we have proposed another strategy named as Multi-channel Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) in light of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to expel muscle or EMG antiquities from multi-channel EEG signals. At first, the orthogonal eigenvectors of multi-channel data are estimated by performing SVD which are acquired from the covariance matrix . Since the frequency variations of eigenvectors related to EEG signal are quite low when compared to the EMG signal, so we fix some peak frequency threshold to find out the frequencies related to EEG signal, then the frequencies related to EMG signals are suppressed and the artifact free Multi-channel EEG signal is extracted. Finally, our proposed technique is applied on a noisy sinusoidal signals to test the performance of the proposed method and then it is applied on synthetic EEG signals mixed with the EMG artifacts. Simulation results are then compared with Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to show that the proposed method eliminates EMG antiquities more adequately without amending the required data.
“ANTIAGING” EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS: A BRIEF NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: CAMARGO JÚLIO BENVENUTTI BUENO DE , ZARONI RAFAEL SAKAI , BRAZ TIAGO VOLPI , GERMANO MOISÉS DIEGO , ROSOLEM JHENIPHER MONIKY , TAVARES JUNIOR ANTONIO CARLOS , OLIVEIRA THIAGO PIRES DE , LOPES CHARLES RICARDO , BRIGATTO FELIPE ALVES
Published: May 2021

Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in function and morphological aspects of biological tissues, with especial regards to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. In this sense, exercise has been shown to strongly counteract these aging-induced detrimental effects. Endurance exercise (EE) has been shown to reduce the rate of decline of factors related to cardiorespiratory fitness. In addition, the adoption of resistance training (RT) may also induce relevant adaptations, especially related to increased muscle strength and power levels, that have shown to positively influence functional aspects as improved balance and reduced risk of falls in the elderly population. Then, the aim of the present study is to briefly review the exercise literature regarding its mechanisms that could potentially present “antiaging” effects.
Impact of Utilization of ICT on the Performance of Research Students in the Public Sector Universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad
Authors: Uzma Batool  , Dr. Muhammad Arshad Dahar  , Dr. Shagufta Akhtar
Published: May 2021

The study was a survey type with a quantitative method in which usage of ICT by research students and its impact on their performance was investigated. The population of the study was students of public sector universities. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample of the study. The sample of the study was 600 research students of postgraduate who were almost near to complete their research. Data was assembled from the students with the help of a questionnaire. From the findings of the study, it was concluded that usage of ICT has a significant impact on the performance of research students. Based on findings it was recommended that research students should be trained to best utilized the ICT for academic purposes so they can enhance their performance at high to a very high level.
PELATIHAN ALGORITMA DAN PEMROGRAMAN DASAR DENGAN BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN JAVA UNTUK SISWA SMA MUHAMMADIYAH I PALEMBANG
Authors: Mulya Megah
Published: May 2021

Penggunaan Bahasa Java termasuk bahasa pemrograman yang relative mudah dan di dunia kerja bahasa Java telah lazim dipergunakan sehingga mempelajari Bahasa Java sejak dini adalah hal yang sangat menguntungkan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi para siswa SMA Muhammadiyah I Palembang adalah bagaimana supaya siswa banyak yang berminat untuk masuk perguruan tinggi mudah menguasai pemrograman sehingga berhasil lulus dengan baik. Solusi terhadap permasalahan penelitian ini adalah memberikan pelatihan tentang wawasan Algorima dan Pemrograman Dasar dengan Bahasa Java yang mudah dipahami siswa SMA untuk masalah-masalah sederhana. Tahapan dalam melaksanakan solusi dalam mengatasi masalah mitra adalah dengan memberikan pelatihan fenomena algoritma sehari-hari disekitar kita, menjelaskan fenomena algoritma dengan perangkat lunak Construct 2 untuk menyusun permainan, melatih pembuatan program secara console untuk kasus yang bersifat matematis sederhana, melatih pembuatan program secara visual dengan bahasa Java. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Siswa kelas I, II, dan III  yang menjadi khalayak sasaran mampu penguasai dasar-dasar pemrograman mulai dari algoritma sampai pembuatan apliksi sederhana dengan bahasa Java. Pelatihan ini mampu memberikan motifasi bagi siswa untuk memasuki perguruan tinggi bidang Informatika dan mengetahui bahwa bidang pemrograman tidak sesulit yang dibayangkan.
Implementasi Solar Corp Dryer Untuk Industri Rumah Tangga, Pertanian, Dan Perikanan
Authors: Juniah Restu , Toha M. Taufik , Okatarinasari Eva , Agustina Tuty Emilia , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Purbasari Diana
Published: May 2021

Masyarakat Indonesia banyak bergerak di bidang industri makanan, perikanan, dan pertanian. Hasil industri tersebut antara lain, kerupuk, kemplang, dan dodol. Beberapa produk tersebut dalam pengolahannya harus diolah lebih lanjut dengan proses pengeringan. Proses pengeringan yang digunakan masyarakat umumnya menggunakan pengeringan konvensional/tradisional yaitu dengan menjemur produk di bawah sinar matahari selama beberapa waktu. Metode tersebut memiliki banyak kelemahan yaitu, membutuhkan waktu pengeringan yang lama,  lahan  yang  luas dan mudah  terkontaminasi  debu  atau serangga. Untuk  mengatasi  masalah  tersebut, dirancang  suatu alat  pengering yang  tertutup  berbasis  tenaga  matahari  namun menghasilkan efisiensi pengeringan yang lebih besar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Dosen Jurusan Teknik Pertambangan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sriwijaya mengenai rancang bangun Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG) alat pengering solar corp dryer dengan kolektor undulatif meningkatkan efisiensi alat karena menyerap panas lebih cepat. Selain itu alat pengering solar corp dryer sederhana dalam pembuatannya. Alat ini dapat mengeringkan hasil industri berupa olahan makanan ataupun hasil perikanan dan pertanian dengan lebih higienis, mengurangi kotoran debu dibanding dijemur biasa. Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG) solar corp dryer diharapkan dapat membantu masyarakat untuk meningkatkan produksi pengeringan industri rumah tangga, pertanian, dan perikanan. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan secara langsung di SMK Lingua Prima, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Indralaya Propinsi Sumatera Selatan dengan mengikut sertakan siswa dan guru di sekolah tersebut. Kegiatan ini bertujuan agar siswa dan guru setempat dapat mengaplikasikan dan mengembangkan teknologi ini untuk dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat lingkungan sekitar yang notabene melakukan kegatan pengeringan untuk hasil pengolahan bahan makanan, hasil pertanian, dan hasil perikanan. Hasil sosialisasi menunjukkan jika  siswa maupun guru antuasias dan mengapresiasi kegiatan ini dan berminat untuk mengaplikasikan teknologi tepat guna ini.
PACKING DAN BRANDING PADA USAHA RUMAH TANGGA KERUPUK/KEMPLANG IKAN DI DESA BURAI KECAMATAN TAJUNG BATU KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR
Authors: Malini Henny Henny
Published: May 2021

P
Preventive Treatment on Sexual Abuse Survivor with Mental Retardation
Authors: Brisma Sinta , Amir Nurmiati
Published: May 2021

The existence of limitations for children with mental retardation causes an inability to protect themselves so that they often become victims of sexual harassment. Preventive efforts are something that needs to be improved for prevention, considering the worse risks to children. The importance of an effort to prevent sexual abuse of children with mental retardation in connection with the lack of knowledge about sexual abuse and the inability of children to face the dangers that threaten themselves. From the results of research conducted in the United States in 1994, nearly 90% of children with mental retardation disorders had experienced sexual abuse, as many as 49% had experienced sexual abuse more than ten times. The high incidence of sexual abuse experienced by children with mental retardation is due to various factors, namely the condition of children's limitations, lack of supervision and protection of children by parents and the environment. Efforts that can be made are increasing knowledge about sexual abuse and self-protection skills through the Behavioral Skills Training Group Program, where children are trained to recognize threatening objects and situations (sexual abuse). Increasing knowledge about sexual abuse and providing training (self-protection skills) is a significant primary preventive measure to reduce the risk of sexual abuse in children with mental retardation.
Decompensated Acute Heart Failure Accompanied with Cardiac Cirrhosis and Chronic Disease Anemia in Child
Authors: Darmasaputra Tommy
Published: May 2021

Continuous heart failure can lead to complications to other systems, one of which is the hepatic system. Heart failure results in venous congestion in the portal vein so that the portal vein pressure increases, which is called portal hypertension. Portal hypertension causes fluid to pass through the walls of blood vessels and into the tissues. Management of decompensatory heart failure accompanied by comorbid disease in cardiac cirrhosis includes drugs management that does not aggravate the liver, namely angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and loop diuretic agents. Also, non-pharmacological management such as resting position and a diet sufficient in protein and low salt help improve the patient's general condition. This case report aims to present a decompensated heart failure accompanied by cardiac cirrhosis and anaemia of chronic disease in a child.
Case Report: Magic Mushroom (Psilocybe Cubensis) Intoxication
Authors: Kusumadewi Andrian Fajar
Published: May 2021

A B S T R A C TIntroduction Psilocybe mushroom, or widely known as the magic mushroom is avariety of mushroom commonly consumed because of hallucinogenic traits it causestoward its consumer. This hallucinogenic effect is caused by Psilocybin, ahallucinogenic substance often found within Psilocybe mushroom. This substanceaffects mental state of the consumer and has similar effect to those of LSD andMescaline. Aside from its effect to cause mental disturbance, consumption of thismushroom may cause acute renal injury which leads to a fatal and life-threateningsituation.Case presentation: A case of Psilocybe intoxication had been reported in a22 years old male with a confirmed history of consuming Psilocybe mushroom. Patientfirst came with a symptom of disorientation and restlessness. Patient also often shookhis head off, laughed out, screamed, and continuously making bizarre movements.Psychiatric examination confirmed a sign of auditory hallucination, unstable mood,and stereotypical behavior experienced by the patient. Conclusion: An approach isneeded in the form of a physical examination and support that supports a promptand precise diagnosis, as well as comprehensive management that focuses on thedirect management of life-threatening symptoms and symptomatic treatment, takinginto account the signs and symptoms of life-threatening nephrotoxicity
The Correlation between Alcohol Consumption with Anxiety Level on Multiple Drugs User in Sleman
Authors: Kusumadewi Andrian Fajar , Carissa Aulia Firliany  , Silas Henry Ismanto  , Afkar Aulia
Published: May 2021

A B S T R A C TBackground: Since 2013, data showed alcohol consumption in Indonesiaincrease from 3% to 3.3%, and 0.8% of it consume alcohol over the limit(Riskesdas 2018). Consuming alcohol over the limit not only impacted someonephysically but mentally. One of the mental impacts of alcohol consumption isover anxiety. If the anxiety not get treated properly, it can bring patient toconsume more alcohol and moreover to alcohol addiction. Purpose: To examinealcohol consumption level and its correlation to anxiety level.Material danMethod: This study is analytical research with quantitative cross-sectionalsurvey design. Sampling technique were done by consecutive sampling withAUDIT questionnaire survey to measure alcohol consumption level and T-MASquestionnaire survey to measure anxiety level of respondent. Research sampleconsist of 30 multiple drugs user respondents. Result: We got 0.569 p value scorewith Pearson Chi Square analysis which can be interpreted that there is nocorrelation between alcohol consumption with anxiety level. Patient with alcoholabuse mostly come from low to average academic group, in total 29 people, and notmarried group, in total 18 people.Conclusion: There is no correlation betweenalcohol consumption with anxiety level. Academic grade and married status aredeterminant factors of respondent’s anxiety level.
The Relationship between Smoking Behavior and the Incidence of Tuberculosis at the Medan Sunggal Public Health Center
Authors: Ginting Andre Christian , Andrico Napolin Lumbantobing
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria in the form of rods (bacilli) known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is included as a chronic infectious disease. The causes of the increase in TB cases each year are still various. One of them is smoking behavior. A person who smokes will have twice the risk of contracting TB. This study aims to determine the relationship between smoking behavior and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the work area of the Medan Sunggal Puskesmas in 2019.

Methods: This study is an analytical study with a cross sectional design. The population of this study were patients with pulmonary TB in the work area of the Medan Sunggal Public Health Center in 2019. The sample size used was 104 people who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the second study, the data collection tool was through the Puskesmas medical records. Data analysis was performed using the statistical test is chi square.

Results: the result showed that there was a relationship between smoking behavior and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Medan Sunggal Public Health Center with an OR (95% CI) value of 105,125 (13,280-832,161), which means that respondents who smoke will have 105,125 times the risk of suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis compared to non-smoking respondents. From the results of 95% CI, it can be seen that the lower limitand upper limit values (CI values) not include 1.00, so the results of the study are statistically significant at the value of α = 0.001.

Conclusion: Smoking behavior has an insignificant relationship with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at Medan Sunggal Puskesmas in 2019. It is recommended that the primary care should provide support and sources of information about smoking habits, especially for patients who have been diagnosed with pulmonary TB.
Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Atopy Conditions of the Esophagus
Authors: Zuleika Puspa
Published: May 2021

Eosinophilic esophagitis is an immune-allergic pathology of multifactorial etiology (genetic and environmental) characterized by major symptoms of esophageal dysphagia and eosinophil-predominant inflammation of the esophageal mucosa that affects both pediatric and adult patients. EoE is an immune-mediated disease by which environmental and food antigens stimulate the Th2 inflammatory cascade. It is correlated with food allergy and atopy condition such as asthma, atopy dermatitis, rhinitis allergic and often in conjunction with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) was first described in the 1990s, showing an increasing incidence and prevalence since then, in the United States is estimated to be approximately 57 per 100,000 persons being the leading cause of food impaction and the major cause of dysphagia. Its symptoms, which include heartburn, regurgitation, and esophageal stenosis. This symptomps similar to those of gastroesophageal reflux disease, causing delays in diagnosis and treatment. The endoscopic findings such as furrows, esophageal mucosa trachealization, and whitish exudates, this diagnosis should be confirmed histologically confirmed by biopsy on the presence of more than 15 eosinophils per high-power field and the exclusion of other causes of eosinophilia. Management includes medications, diet, and surgical dilatation.
Clinical and Cytology Description of Various Neck Lumps in Madani Medan Hospital
Authors: Sitanggang Rido Aliberto , Juliana Lina
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the clinical and cytological features of various neck lumps. This study used a descriptive observational method with a cross-sectional approach to determine the clinical and cytological features of various neck lumps. This study used secondary data of patients with indications of a neck lump who were undergoing treatment or examination at the Medan Madani Hospital in 2018 - 2019. The population in this study were all patients with symptoms and positives experiencing a lump in the neck, at Madani Hospital Medan. Data processing is carried out after the observation and recording of medical record data is in accordance with what is needed, the data obtained is tabulated and coded for later analysis. The results of this study indicated that respondents who experienced thyroid nodules were more dominant in female respondents with a total of 11 respondents, with the most common type of thyroid nodule adenoma follicular thyroid, namely 9 respondents with female gender. Respondents who experienced inflammation were dominated by female respondents with a non-specific chronic inflammation process on the right side of the neck with a total of 10 respondents with a percentage of 23.8%.
Los jóvenes y la identidad del trabajo
Authors: Gálvez Amores Ida Graciela
Published: May 2021

En el presente artículo se incluye una revisión del concepto de identidad y cómo esta se construye desde una perspectiva multidimensional en los distintos contextos en los que se incluyen las personas en su día a día. Específicamente se realiza el enfoque hacia el grupo etario juvenil, el cual vive situaciones considerables de precariedad y desigualdad en los ambientes laborales y sociales a raíz de los estereotipos y dinámicas que se han conformado en la sociedad actual. Esto se coloca como un asunto de importancia que incluye distintas esferas del desarrollo humano, ya que los jóvenes han consolidado su identidad desde la adolescencia con influencia de las situaciones que viven a nivel individual, político y social. Se presenta una síntesis de la situación laboral de los jóvenes en Panamá y se brinda una mirada al concepto de identidad laboral, el cual se toma como un sistema de creencias que se forma a partir del trabajo que se realiza y que tiene una influencia en la satisfacción laboral, en la manera en la que se configuran distintos movimientos sociales y en la autovalía que tienen los jóvenes con respecto a su productividad y a su capacidad para transformar. Es imprescindible la consideración de las variables psicosociales en el estudio de los fenómenos sociales en el país, ya que ellos determinan en gran medida el actuar de los grupos humanos y tienen un impacto importante en los engranajes que modifican las situaciones que tienen lugar en el país y a nivel global en la gestión de políticas públicas y desarrollo social
Ceramic Tiles Production from Cullet and Agricultural Wastes Obtained from Wheat and Sugarcane Cultivation
Authors: Roushdy M. H.
Published: May 2021

Agricultural wastes are a big source for environmental pollution so it’s a good choice to recycle them so as to get an environmental and economic benefit. The purpose of this research is to determine the possibility of recycling two types of agriculture wastes obtained from wheat and sugarcane cultivation in addition to broken glass (cullet) as raw materials for ceramic wall tiles production. The used agriculture wastes are the agricultural residue obtained from wheat and sugarcane cultivation. The experimental work starts with performing XRF and sieve analysis for all raw materials. Ceramic wall tiles specimens were made with dimensions 110.4 × 55.4 × 8 mm3 using 27 MPa dry pressing then dried at 120 oC overnight, then fired using firing temperatures equal to 1100 oC or 1150 oC during 15 min soaking time. Water absorption, apparent porosity, and mechanical properties were done to compare them with ISO standards. According to the previous experimental work, it was found that the samples with the composition (10% Cullet, 15% Wheat ash straw, 20% sugarcane) for samples that fired at 1150 oC or (10% Cullet, 13% Wheat ash straw, 18% sugarcane) for samples that fired at 1100 oC has the optimum properties.
Attempting—and Failing—to Balance Fairness and Efficiency in the Arbitral System
Authors: Myslik Hannah N
Published: May 2021

The Supreme Court has actively expanded the Federal Arbitration Act into realms not originally contemplated by Congress. This harms consumers who are parties to pre-dispute, binding arbitration agreements. If consumers sign a contract containing an arbitration agreement, they may be required to arbitrate everything within the agreement’s scope, including their statutory rights. Simultaneously, the Court has restricted class action arbitration—a device on which consumers have relied when they are forced to arbitrate.

The Court’s expansion of arbitration and restriction of class action arbitration has led many to distrust and advocate for changing the arbitral system. Arbitration institutions have directly reacted to the concerns about arbitration by promulgating more rules, procedures, and safeguards to make arbitration fairer for consumers. However, adding rules and procedures is probably not enough to make arbitration proceedings truly fair, and doing so creates a system that is so court-like that arbitration loses its chief benefits—affordability and efficiency. Thus, if the Court continues with its expansive arbitration jurisprudence and its anti-class action arbitration jurisprudence, institutional reaction is an unlikely solution to address arbitration’s fairness concerns.
Book Review of The Value of Ecocriticism
Authors: Nitzke Solvejg
Published: May 2021

Book review of The Value of Ecocriticism.
Boarding the Iceberg
Authors: Flynn Stuart
Published: May 2021

Poetry.
Book Review of Fire: A Brief History
Authors: Tagnani David
Published: May 2021

Book review of Fire: A Brief History.
Editorial 12.1
Authors: Sullivan Heather I.
Published: May 2021

Editorial Issue 12.1
Structural and geochronological evolution of the northeastern part of the Sveconorwegian orogen, south-central Sweden
Authors: Wahlgren Carl-Henric , Stephens Michael B.
Published: May 2021

An important tectonic model for the Sveconorwegian orogen north and northeast of Lake Vänern, south-central Sweden, was presented by Berthelsen (1980). Both the Mylonite Zone and the frontal area of the Sveconorwegian orogen were interpreted to be related to large-scale compressional tectonics. Earlier thrusting to the west was inferred to be followed by later thrust movement to the east.
Adakitic high-Al trondhjemites in the Proterozoic Østfold-Marstrand Belt, W Sweden
Authors: Hageskov Bjørn , Mørch Bente
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the first identified intrusives in SE Norway–W Sweden with the specific signature of adakitic arc magmas, which in recent settings are preferably explained as partial melts extracted from subducted oceanic crust. The studied adakitic high–Al trondhjemites occur as sheets in the Koster archipelago, W Sweden, where they form the oldest recognized granitoids in the metasupracrustals of the Stora Le–Marstrand formation. The trondhjemites were intruded during a short ca. 1.59–1.58 Ga interlude between the early and the main orogenic events of the Gothian orogeny (1.6–1.56 Ga, Åhäll et al. 1998). This interlude is otherwise characterized by ‘ordinary’ calcalkaline magmatism which on Koster is predated by the trondhjemites.
The typical adakitic signature suggests that the trondhjemitic magma was extracted from a MORB (Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt) like source, and that a hornblende eclogite restite was left in the region of melting. The restite composition indicates melt extraction at PT conditions in the range of 18–25 kb/800°C to 13-15 kb/950–1050°C. These requirement can only be met by subduction of warm (young or shear heated) oceanic crust beneath a crust including early Gothian metamorphosed and deformed Stora Le–Marstrand formation or by melting of metabasaltic material at a deep crustal level. The latter is a less likely possibility and demands that the Stora Le–Marstrand formation at the time of melt extraction was part of a > 45 km thick crust.
The echinoid Brissopsis lyrifera from the Danish Upper Miocene Gram Formation
Authors: Hansen Thomas , Hansen Jesper
Published: May 2021

The irregular echinoid Brissopsis is described for the first time from the type locality of the Upper Miocene Gram Formation at Gram, Denmark. The specimens are conspecific with the Recent Brissopsis lyrifera Forbes, 1841. Futhermore they show remarkable resemblance to the Danish forms of B. lyrifera.
Gradualistic evolution in Belemnitella from the middle Campanian of Lower Saxony, NW Germany
Authors: Christensen Walter Kegel
Published: May 2021

Nine samples of the Belemnitella lineage, including the uppermost Lower and lower Upper Campanian B. mucronata and the uppermost lower Upper Campanian B. misburgensis sp. nov., from the expanded uppermost Lower and lower Upper Campanian succession of the Lehrte West Synclinee east of Hannover, Lower Saxony, northern Germany have been subjected to univariate and bivariate statistical analyses. The succession consists of monotonous marly limestones and calcareous marls, which were deposited during 4–5 m.y. in a fairly stable environment. Based on superficial resemblance alone the nine samples are nearly identical, but trends have been recognized in the morphological characters when treated quantitatively. Three characters, the length from the apex to the protoconch, the slenderness of the guard and the alveolar angle, show evolutionary reversals (socalled zig-zag evolution) with net decreases or increases. The Schatzky distance shows stasis in B. mucronata and decreases in B. misburgensis sp. nov. The fissure angle displays unidirectional evolution and increases gradually. These morphological changes are interpreted as long term phyletic gradualism, although this model of evolution has almost universally been depicted as one of unidirectional change. B. misburgensis sp. nov. is closely allied to B. mucronata (its ancestor), but differs in its slightly smaller and more slender guard, in addition to its smaller Schatzky distance and larger fissure angle. B. praecursor is recorded from the uppermost five metres of the Lower Campanian, and this is the first record of this species from the highest Lower Campanian of northern Germany. The uppermost Lower and Lower Upper Campanian belemnite assemblages of the Misburg/Höver area in northern Germany are reviewed. The Upper Campanian Belemnitella successions of Norfolk in England, the Maastricht-Liège district in The Netherlands and Belgium, the Mons Basin in southern Belgium, Scania in southern Sweden and the Misburg-Höver area in northwest Germany are compared and contrasted.
Costos operativos en el transporte de mercancía por carretera: el caso de los sistemas de construcción ligera en México
Authors: Berrones-Sanz Luis David
Published: May 2021

Para analizar la estructura de costes de los proveedores de transporte por carretera en una empresa dedicada a la manufactura de sistemas de construcción ligera, se aplicó el método del Análisis del Ciclo Vehicular. Sus componentes fueron obtenidos a través del seguimiento de 14,823 embarques y una encuesta a las 52 empresas transportistas. Los resultados muestran que 51.7% del tiempo los vehículos estuvieron sin movimiento, y con un costo promedio de US$1.19/km. A pesar de las limitaciones cuando las rutas son dinámicas; el método es fácil de sistematizar, facilita el cálculo prospectivo de las tarifas, y aporta elementos durante la elaboración de programas para mejorar la eficiencia de todos los agentes implicados.
Estrategias de Offshoring - Reshoring (2015-2018) desde un enfoque de análisis de red
Authors: De Jorge-Moreno Justo , Marín Rey Roberto , Merino de Lucas Fernando
Published: May 2021

El principal objetivo de este trabajo utilizando la información proporcionada por el European Reshoring Monitoring en el periodo 2015-2018, es determinar la importancia que cada país tiene, en las decisiones estratégicas de offshoring y Reshoring llevadas a cabo por las empresas, ante la búsqueda de ventajas competitivas en los procesos de búsquedas de nuevas ubicaciones para toda (o parte) de su cadena de valor. Los principales resultados revelan que no sólo países emergentes como China fueron el destino de la oleada de offshoring, sino que también países avanzados como Alemania o Italia fueron el destino de estos cambios en la localización de la producción. La oleada de segundos cambios en la localización, teniendo a China como epicentro, fue hacia Reino Unido, Francia, Italia, o países escandinavos entre otros. En esta relocalización, las empresas analizadas no buscaban explotar ventajas adicionales de costes, sino el retorno a países avanzados motivada por una pluralidad de factores influyentes que recoge la literatura, como la imagen de país entre otros. Finalmente, los resultados han puesto de manifiesto que el backshoring es más común entre empresas francesas, británicas e italianas.
Impacto de la gestión tecnológica sobre la capacidad de innovación en el sector restaurantero de Medellín
Authors: Delgado-Cruz Alejandro , Vargas-Martínez Elva Esther , Montes-Hincapié Juan Manuel
Published: May 2021

El objetivo es analizar el impacto de la gestión tecnológica sobre la capacidad de innovación en el sector restaurantero de Medellín, Colombia. Se aplicó una encuesta a 139 directivos de empresas y se utilizó la modelación de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) para el tratamiento de datos. Los resultados señalan que en conjunto la estrategia tecnológica, las prácticas de I+D y la asimilación tecnológica explican y predicen eficientemente la capacidad de innovación desde la estructura organizacional, el capital humano y las redes de colaboración. La gestión tecnológica aparece como una herramienta para potenciar las innovaciones de los restaurantes, favoreciendo su posicionamiento y competitividad en el mercado.
Lernumgebungen in Logik
Authors: Böttinger Claudia
Published: May 2021

Die Veranstaltung "Einführung in die mathematische Logik" wird polyvalent angeboten für alle Studierenden der Universität Essen, ausgenommen Medizin- und Lehramtsstudierenden – aber eingeschlossen sind Mathematikstudierende, die bereits die Anfängerveranstaltungen bestanden haben. Um mit dieser extremen Spanne an Vorkenntnissen zu arbeiten, werden traditionelle Übungsaufgaben zur Logik durch Bezüge zur Schulmathematik oder zur Elementarmathematik (elementar aus Hochschulperspektive) ergänzt. Dadurch kann erreicht werden, dass alle Studierenden Übungsaufgaben zu einem Thema jedoch mit unterschiedlichem Grad an Abstraktion bearbeiten. Auf diese Weise soll eine vertiefte Fortführung der Schulmathematik erreicht werden, die von Studierenden geleistet werden kann, die ausschließlich Abiturwissen mit in die Veranstaltung einbringen. Die Zusammenführung der verschiedenen Zugänge zu einer Aufgabe erfolgt methodisch z. B. mithilfe von Gruppenpuzzles, in denen die unterschiedlichen Studierendengruppen ihre Bearbeitungen zur Diskussion stellen.
Möglichkeiten der Implementierung eines Computeralgebrasystems in Fachvorlesungen des Lehramtsstudiums an der Universität Hildesheim
Authors: Nolting Daniel , de Wiljes Jan-Henrdik , Kreh Martin
Published: May 2021

Durch veränderte gesellschaftliche Anforderungen kommt dem Bereich Neue Medien und Digitalisierung eine immer stärkere Bedeutung zu. Angehende GHR-Lehrkräfte verfügen, wie beispielsweise der Monitor Digitale Bildung 2017 zeigt, im Allgemeinen nicht in ausreichendem Maße über die notwendigen Kompetenzen das didaktische Potential von Neuen Medien vollständig auszuschöpfen (vgl. Schmid et. al, 2017). Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird dargestellt, welche Maßnahmen (u.a. die Veranstaltung Mathematische Anwendersysteme für den Unterricht) in der GHR-Lehramtsausbildung an der Universität Hildesheim ergriffen worden sind, um Studierende an digitale Medien und speziell an die Möglichkeiten eines Computeralgebrasystems für den Einsatz im Studium und im späteren Berufsfeld heranzuführen. Nachdem die Ansätze für die Implementierung eines Computeralgebrasystems in das Lehramtsstudium präsentiert worden sind, werden verschiedene Beispielaufgaben diskutiert und die ersten Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Befragung der Studierenden zur Umsetzung der Einbettung in das Studium dargestellt. Die Ausführungen enden mit einem Ausblick über die Veränderungen, die sich aus der Befragung ergeben und über eine mögliche Berücksichtigung derer in der GHR-Lehramtsstudienordnung.
Observations of the Quiet Sun during the Deepest Solar Minimum of the Past Century with Chandrayaan-2 XSM: Sub-A-class Microflares outside Active Regions
Authors: Vadawale Santosh V. , Mithun N. P. S. , Mondal Biswajit , Sarkar Aveek , Janardhan P. , Joshi Bhuwan , Bhardwaj Anil , Shanmugam M. , Patel Arpit R. , Adalja Hitesh Kumar L. , Goyal Shiv Kumar , Ladiya Tinkal , Tiwari Neeraj Kumar , Singh Nishant , Kumar Sushil
Published: May 2021

Solar flares, with energies ranging over several orders of magnitude, result from impulsive release of energy due to magnetic reconnection in the corona. Barring a handful, almost all microflares observed in X-rays are associated with the solar active regions. Here we present, for the first time, a comprehensive analysis of a large sample of quiet-Sun microflares observed in soft X-rays by the Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) on board the Chandrayaan-2 mission during the 2019–2020 solar minimum. A total of 98 microflares having peak flux below GOES A-level were observed by the XSM during observations spanning 76 days. By using the derived plasma temperature and emission measure of these events obtained by fitting the XSM spectra along with volume estimates from concurrent imaging observations in EUV with the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, we estimated their thermal energies to be ranging from 3 × 1026 to 6 × 1027 erg. We present the frequency distribution of the quiet-Sun microflares with energy and discuss the implications of these observations of small-scale magnetic reconnection events outside active regions on coronal heating.
The Single-cloud Star Formation Relation
Authors: Pokhrel Riwaj , Gutermuth Robert A. , Krumholz Mark R. , Federrath Christoph , Heyer Mark , Khullar Shivan , Thomas Megeath S. , Myers Philip C. , Offner Stella S. R. , Pipher Judith L. , Fischer William J. , Henning Thomas , Hora Joseph L.
Published: May 2021

One of the most important and well-established empirical results in astronomy is the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation between the density of interstellar gas and the rate at which that gas forms stars. A tight correlation between these quantities has long been measured at galactic scales. More recently, using surveys of YSOs, a KS relationship has been found within molecular clouds relating the surface density of star formation to the surface density of gas; however, the scaling of these laws varies significantly from cloud to cloud. In this Letter, we use a recently developed, high-accuracy catalog of young stellar objects from Spitzer combined with high-dynamic-range gas column density maps of 12 nearby (<1.5 kpc) molecular clouds from Herschel to re-examine the KS relation within individual molecular clouds. We find a tight, linear correlation between clouds’ star formation rate per unit area and their gas surface density normalized by the gas freefall time. The measured intracloud KS relation, which relates star formation rate to the volume density, extends over more than two orders of magnitude within each cloud and is nearly identical in each of the 12 clouds, implying a constant star formation efficiency per freefall time ϵ
ff ≈ 0.026. The finding of a universal correlation within individual molecular clouds, including clouds that contain no massive stars or massive stellar feedback, favors models in which star formation is regulated by local processes such as turbulence or stellar feedback such as protostellar outflows, and disfavors models in which star formation is regulated only by galaxy properties or supernova feedback on galactic scales.
The Extraordinary Outburst in the Massive Protostellar System NGC 6334 I-MM1: Strong Increase in Mid-Infrared Continuum Emission
Authors: Hunter T. R. , Brogan C. L. , De Buizer J. M. , Towner A. P. M. , Dowell C. D. , MacLeod G. C. , Stecklum B. , Cyganowski C. J. , El-Abd S. J. , McGuire B. A.
Published: May 2021

In recent years, dramatic outbursts have been identified toward massive protostars via infrared and millimeter dust continuum and molecular maser emission. The longest lived outburst (>6 yr) persists in NGC 6334 I-MM1, a deeply embedded object with no near-IR counterpart. Using FORCAST and HAWC+ on SOFIA, we have obtained the first mid-IR images of this field since the outburst began. Despite being undetected in pre-outburst ground-based 18 μm images, MM1 is now the brightest region at all three wavelengths (25, 37, and 53 μm), exceeding the UCHII region MM3 (NGC 6334 F). Combining the SOFIA data with ALMA imaging at four wavelengths, we construct a spectral energy distribution of the combination of MM1 and the nearby hot core MM2. The best-fit Robitaille radiative transfer model yields a luminosity of (4.9 ± 0.8) × 104
L
⊙. Accounting for an estimated pre-outburst luminosity ratio MM1:MM2 = 2.1 ± 0.4, the luminosity of MM1 has increased by a factor of 16.3 ± 4.4. The pre-outburst luminosity implies a protostar of mass 6.7 M
⊙, which can produce the ionizing photon rate required to power the pre-outburst HCHII region surrounding the likely outbursting protostar MM1B. The total energy and duration of the outburst exceed the S255IR-NIRS3 outburst by a factor of ≳3, suggesting a different scale of event involving expansion of the protostellar photosphere (to ≳20 R
⊙), thereby supporting a higher accretion rate (≳0.0023 M
⊙ yr−1) and reducing the ionizing photon rate. In the grid of hydrodynamic models of Meyer et al., the combination of outburst luminosity and magnitude (3) places the NGC 6334 I-MM1 event in the region of moderate total accretion (∼0.1–0.3 M
⊙) and hence long duration (∼40–130 yr).
A Retrospective Study of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Sirekbasan Serhat , Polat Erdal
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by flagellated protozoans of the genus Leishmania. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological status of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) among patients admitted to a university hospital in Istanbul, located in western Turkey.

Methodology: This study included 160 and 77 patients with a pre-diagnosis of VL and CL, respectively, between January 2001 and December 2017. Detailed demographic data, including age, gender, nationality and the number and location of lesions were collected and recorded from the patient registries.

Results: Among 160 bone marrow specimens that suspected as VL, 22 (13.7%) of the specimens that were evaluated with both culture and Giemsa staining detected as positive. Furthermore, 29 (37.7%) of the 77 patients suspected for CL showed evidence of Leishmania.

Conclusions: The increase in human immigration from neighbouring countries (with a high incidence of leishmaniasis) to Turkey might increase the risk of spreading the disease. This situation could result in a higher prevalence in metropolitan cities like Istanbul, where the country’s population is concentrated.
Antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in a third level pediatric hospital in Mexico City
Authors: Rosado-Rosado David Abraham , Arias-Flores Rafael , Vázquez-Rosales José Guillermo , Robles-Ramírez Roberto Joaquín , Del Campo-Ortega Rodolfo , Ascencio-Montiel Ivan de Jesus
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The increasing resistance to antibiotics is a public health problem and an imminent therapeutic challenge in hospitals. In this report we aimed to analyze the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in a third-level pediatric hospital.

Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the information from the microbiology and pharmacy databases of the Pediatric Hospital “Doctor Silvestre Frenk Freund”, during the period 2015-2018. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance by microorganisms and dispensed grams of selected antibiotics were calculated annually. Antibiotic resistance trend over the time was evaluated using the Chi-square trends test and to assess the correlation between the dispensed grams of antibiotics with their antimicrobial resistance prevalence, we calculated the Pearson's coefficient (r).

Results: A total of 4,327 isolated bacterial samples were analyzed (56.5% Gram-positive and 44.5% Gram-negative). Most frequently isolated microorganisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. We found a significant increase in resistance to clindamycin and oxacillin for CoNS and significant decrease in nitrofurantoin and amikacin resistance for E. coli and K. pneumoniae. We observed a strong positive and statistically significant correlation between amikacin resistance prevalence and amikacin dispensed grams for P. aeruginosa (r = 0.95, p = 0.05).

Conclusions: The antibiotic resistance profile showed by our study highlights the need of an appropriate antibiotic control use in the Hospital setting.
Characteristics and Pregnancy Outcomes of Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Women with COVID-19: Lessons from Hospitals in Wuhan
Authors: Luo Qingqing , Yao Dujuan , Xia Lin , Cheng Yanxiang , Chen Hui
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The objective of the study was to compare the clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 in the third trimester.

Methodology: Forty-one patients were enrolled in this study from two COVID-19 designated hospitals in Wuhan. Patients underwent chest CT scans for screening and were divided into two groups based on pneumonia-related syndromes. The clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were reviewed and compared.

Results: Among the sample of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the third trimester, there was no mortality or severe complications in the mothers nor newborns. Nearly 40% of the patients in the study were asymptomatic. The most common pneumonia-related symptom in symptomatic pregnant patients was cough. Asymptomatic patients had a significantly shorter duration of hospitalisation and a lower rate of positive RT-PCR testing compared with symptomatic patients. There was no statistically significant difference in antibody test results between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients during hospitalisation, while the positive rate of IgM antibody testing was significantly lower in asymptomatic patients during follow-up.

Conclusions: Clinical manifestation of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were atypical and concealed. Screening of possible COVID-19 patients should be strengthened, through serial or combined testing of laboratory testing or radiological testing, before pregnant women are admitted to hospital.
Whole Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of SARS‑CoV‑2 strains in Turkey
Authors: Tokgun Onur , Caliskan Ahmet , Coskun Cagil , Tokgun Pervin Elvan , Akca Hakan
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Coronaviruses which are single-stranded RNAs, are members of a large family of viruses that may be important pathogens for humans. SARS-CoV-2 was found to cause the severe respiratory syndrome, and on January 22, 2020 first human-to-human transmission was reported. We aimed to reveal the complete genomes of 19 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Denizli province and identify Turkish patients' genetic similarities.

Methodology: 15 samples with the highest viral loads resulting from RT-PCR were selected for NGS analysis. Fifteen SARS-CoV-2 complete genome sequences were then subjected to phylogenetic analysis and uploaded to the GISAID database. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the Neighbor-Joining method using MEGAX software.

Results: Whole-genome sequencing of the viral RNA samples revealed 32 missense, 21 synonymous, and 4 non-coding alleles. In all samples c.1-25C>T (5’UTR), c.14144C>T (ORF1ab), c.2772C>T (ORF1ab) and c.1841A>G(S) mutations were detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the present study's genomes are in 20B clade while the two are in 20A. The phylogenetic tree constructed with all complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes of Turkey showed that the viruses were spread nearly homogenous on eastern (around Kars) and western (around Istanbul) sides.

Conclusions: Here, we reported the viral genomes in Denizli comprehensively for the first time. We identified 11 rare missense mutations in the virus compared to the reference genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that while most of our isolates were similar to European sequences, some had different sublineages depending on their genomic variants.
Formulation and Pharmacological Studies of Leaves of Moringa (Moringa oleifera), a Novel Hepatoprotection in Oral Drug Formulations
Authors: Aristianti Aristianti , Nurkhaeri Nurkhaeri , Tandiarrang Vanny Y. , Awaluddin Akbar , Muslimin Lukman
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Moringa oleifera, Moringaceae, is a tree that is native to South East Asia. Various parts of this tree are commonly used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation, hepatitis, gastric ulcer, and other ailments. AIM: M. oleifera leaves extract was formulated into stable suspensions, characterized, and then evaluated for hepatoprotection activity against isoniazid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The leaves were extracted using cold maceration, and suspensions of extract were prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as suspension agent at various concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%). The formulations were analyzed by their appearance, color, odor, and taste. Density, pH, viscosity, re-dispersibility test, and sedimentation volume were observed. The stability of oral suspensions was analyzed in accelerated studies (5°C ± 2°C and 35°C ± 2°C for 12 h for 7 cycles) to find stable formulation, while the hepatoprotection activity was analyzed using an in vivo isoniazid-induced model. RESULTS: The appearance, color, odor, and taste of the suspensions were shown to be characteristic of the extract. Na-CMC at concentration 0.5% showed good physical properties. Stable suspension at dose 400 mg/kg BW per oral for 28 days exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase. CONCLUSION: Suspension containing M. oleifera leaves extract at 50 mg/5 mL was successfully obtained and showed physical properties that were appropriate and characteristic of this dosage form, suitable for hepatoprotection (400 mg/kg BW), making this an alternative to tablets.