bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rainfall on Vehicle Crashes in Six U.S. States
Authors: Black Alan W. , Villarini Gabriele , Mote Thomas L.
Published: September 2016

Rainfall is one of many types of weather hazard that can lead to motor vehicle crashes. To better understand the link between rainfall and crash rates, daily gridded precipitation data and automobile crash data are gathered for six U.S. states (Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, Ohio) for the period 1996–2010. A matched pair analysis is used to pair rainfall days with dry days to determine the relative risk of crash, injury, and fatality. Overall, there is a statistically significant increase in crash and injury rates during rainfall days of 10% and 8%, respectively, leading to an additional 28 000 crashes and 12 000 injuries in the 1 May–30 September period each year relative to what would be expected if those days were dry. The risk of crashes and injuries increases for increasing daily rainfall totals, with an overall increase in crashes and injuries of 51% and 38% during days with more than 50 mm (2 in.) of rainfall. While urban counties and rural counties with and without interstates each saw increased crash risk during rainfall, urban counties saw the most significant increases in relative risk. There are a number of exceptions to these broad spatial patterns, indicating that relative risk varies in ways that are not explained solely by meteorological factors.
Caring Through Web-Based Communication: A Qualitative Evaluation of a Nursing Intervention to Create Holistic Well-Being Among Patients With Hematological Disease
Authors: Högberg Karin M. , Sandman Lars , Nyström Maria , Stockelberg Dick , Broström Anders
Published: September 2016

Purpose: To examine how written communication between patients with hematological diseases and a nurse within a web-based communication service can be caring. Design: The study is based on qualitative deductive content analysis of 109 written messages between 10 patients and a responding nurse. The evaluated nursing intervention is a web-based communication service where patients could request support from a responding nurse during 2 months of use. A structured theoretical matrix based on Swanson’s theory of caring including compassion, competence, and upholding trust is used for the analysis. Findings: Nursing compassion emerges when patients share personal matters and the nurse has an opportunity to explicitly display genuine interest and understanding. Nursing competence is required when patients ask for or are in need of information, advice, and emotional support. The nurse can uphold trust when compassion and competence are exhibited and patients share their innermost feelings. Conclusions: Web-based communication has the potential to contribute to holistic well-being according to Swanson’s theory of caring. The written word lasts, can be read repeatedly, and in connection with writing there is time for reflection. However, the lack of nonverbal cues makes it important that the nurse answers in a fully accurate and explicitly caring way.
Comparison of statistical approaches dealing with time-dependent confounding in drug effectiveness studies
Authors: Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Petkau John , Gustafson Paul , Platt Robert W , Tremlett Helen ,   The BeAMS Study Group
Published: September 2016

In longitudinal studies, if the time-dependent covariates are affected by the past treatment, time-dependent confounding may be present. For a time-to-event response, marginal structural Cox models are frequently used to deal with such confounding. To avoid some of the problems of fitting marginal structural Cox model, the sequential Cox approach has been suggested as an alternative. Although the estimation mechanisms are different, both approaches claim to estimate the causal effect of treatment by appropriately adjusting for time-dependent confounding. We carry out simulation studies to assess the suitability of the sequential Cox approach for analyzing time-to-event data in the presence of a time-dependent covariate that may or may not be a time-dependent confounder. Results from these simulations revealed that the sequential Cox approach is not as effective as marginal structural Cox model in addressing the time-dependent confounding. The sequential Cox approach was also found to be inadequate in the presence of a time-dependent covariate. We propose a modified version of the sequential Cox approach that correctly estimates the treatment effect in both of the above scenarios. All approaches are applied to investigate the impact of beta-interferon treatment in delaying disability progression in the British Columbia Multiple Sclerosis cohort (1995–2008).
Moral distress in critical care nursing: The state of the science
Authors: McAndrew Natalie Susan , Leske Jane , Schroeter Kathryn
Published: September 2016

Background:

Moral distress is a complex phenomenon frequently experienced by critical care nurses. Ethical conflicts in this practice area are related to technological advancement, high intensity work environments, and end-of-life decisions.

Objectives:

An exploration of contemporary moral distress literature was undertaken to determine measurement, contributing factors, impact, and interventions.

Review Methods:

This state of the science review focused on moral distress research in critical care nursing from 2009 to 2015, and included 12 qualitative, 24 quantitative, and 6 mixed methods studies.

Results:

Synthesis of the scientific literature revealed inconsistencies in measurement, conflicting findings of moral distress and nurse demographics, problems with the professional practice environment, difficulties with communication during end-of-life decisions, compromised nursing care as a consequence of moral distress, and few effective interventions.

Conclusion:

Providing compassionate care is a professional nursing value and an inability to meet this goal due to moral distress may have devastating effects on care quality. Further study of patient and family outcomes related to nurse moral distress is recommended.
Comparative Methods for Premodern Cities
Authors: Smith Michael E. , Stark Barbara L. , Chuang Wen-Ching , Dennehy Timothy J. , Harlan Sharon L. , Kamp-Whittaker April , Stanley Benjamin W. , York Abigail M.
Published: September 2016

We describe methods of coding and analyzing historical and archaeological data for comparative analysis of premodern cities. As part of a larger study of spatial access to urban services, we identify eight relevant contextual domains and define variables for each domain. Information from publications on each city is assembled, and the data are coded independently by three scholars and checked for agreement. To date, we have completed contextual coding for 15 cities. Here, we focus on methods to analyze relationships among variables within contextual domains using two example domains—Class Mobility and Governance. Key methodological points involve the problem of missing data, multiple tests with an appropriate correction, and the importance of variation among cases for effective analysis of a domain. Our interpretation of preliminary findings highlights a degree of independence between two different arenas of social life that may relate to collective action. Documentation of our procedures contributes to a growing body of systematic, comparative, cross-cultural analyses of mid-size samples. This study is distinctive in its focus on cities rather than cultures, societies, or polities.
Coronal Hamate Fracture Associated With Carpometacarpal Dislocations of All of the Fingers: Review of the Literature and Case Report
Authors: Gil Joseph A. , Goodman Avi D. , Starr Adam
Published: September 2016

Background: Dislocation of all 5 carpometacarpal (CMC) joints of a single hand is a rare injury. Methods: The literature regarding CMC fracture-dislocations was reviewed and a case was presented. Results: The relevant literature was consolidated to clinically relevant categories including ‘Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis,’ ‘Management of CMC Fracture Dislocation and Hamate Fractures,’ and ‘Outcomes.’ Conclusions: The mechanism associated with this injury is often high energy that causes multiple simultaneous life- or limb-threatening injuries that could distract the examiner from identifying this injury. The case we present involves an axial dislocation of the carpus that resulted in dorsal dislocations of all CMC joints, dislocation of the hamate-capitate articulation, as well as fractures of the first metacarpal and the hamate.
The Fourth Extensor Compartment Artery Vascularized Bone Graft of the Distal Radius for CMC Fusion in the Treatment of Carpal Boss: A Case Report
Authors: Boretto Jorge G. , Fernandez-Fernandez David , Gallucci Gerardo , De Carli Pablo
Published: September 2016

Background: Carpometacarpal joints can be affected by traumatic or degenerative pathology. Although different techniques have been described to treat these conditions, most authors agree that arthrodesis is an effective treatment modality. Vascularized bone grafts of the distal radius have been used to treat carpal conditions, such as scaphoid nonunion or Kiënbock disease, and they have been shown to have several advantages over nonvascularized bone grafts. Methods: We report a case of a carpal boss in a female patient treated with an arthrodesis of the second and third carpometacarpal joints by using the fourth extensor compartment artery vascularized bone graft. Results: At 6 weeks postoperative bone union was achieved. At 2 years follow-up the patient was able to perform daily life activities without pain. Conclusions: The fourth ECA VBG with reverse blood flow from the dorsal intercarpal arch allowed the graft to reach the CMC. A solid fusion was obtained at 6 weeks due to the biological advantage of the VBG.
Metacarpal lengthening in children: comparison of three different techniques in 15 consecutive cases
Authors: Dana C. , Aurégan J.-C. , Salon A. , Guéro S. , Glorion C. , Pannier S.
Published: September 2016

Metacarpal lengthening is a useful procedure to address hand deficiencies in children. In this study, we aimed to compare the results of three different techniques from one consecutive clinical series of hand deficiencies. A total of 15 metacarpal lengthenings have been performed in 12 children aged from 9 to 14 years. The callotasis technique was used in seven cases, the two-stage distraction-graft technique in four cases and the single-stage lengthening in four cases. All the metacarpals healed with bone. The lengthening obtained was a mean of 13 mm (range 8–21 mm), a mean of 22 mm (range 13–32 mm) and a mean of 12 mm (range 9–15 mm), respectively, in the three different techniques. The healing index was longer for callotasis (81 days/cm) compared with the other techniques (41 days/cm and 46 days/cm, respectively). We observed one case of fracture after callotasis and one after distraction-graft. One patient underwent tenolysis of the extensor mechanism after single-stage lengthening. In conclusion, distraction graft and single-stage lengthening may be valuable alternatives to callotasis.

Level of evidence: IV; therapeutic study; multi-case series
Apparent Biological Motion in First and Third Person Perspective
Authors: Tidoni Emmanuele , Scandola Michele , Orvalho Veronica , Candidi Matteo
Published: September 2016

Apparent biological motion is the perception of plausible movements when two alternating images depicting the initial and final phase of an action are presented at specific stimulus onset asynchronies. Here, we show lower subjective apparent biological motion perception when actions are observed from a first relative to a third visual perspective. These findings are discussed within the context of sensorimotor contributions to body ownership.
Big Data, epistemology and causality: Knowledge in and knowledge out in EXPOsOMICS
Authors: Canali Stefano
Published: September 2016

Recently, it has been argued that the use of Big Data transforms the sciences, making data-driven research possible and studying causality redundant. In this paper, I focus on the claim on causal knowledge by examining the Big Data project EXPOsOMICS, whose research is funded by the European Commission and considered capable of improving our understanding of the relation between exposure and disease. While EXPOsOMICS may seem the perfect exemplification of the data-driven view, I show how causal knowledge is necessary for the project, both as a source for handling complexity and as an output for meeting the project’s goals. Consequently, I argue that data-driven claims about causality are fundamentally flawed and causal knowledge should be considered a necessary aspect of Big Data science. In addition, I present the consequences of this result on other data-driven claims, concerning the role of theoretical considerations. I argue that the importance of causal knowledge and other kinds of theoretical engagement in EXPOsOMICS undermine theory-free accounts and suggest alternative ways of framing science based on Big Data.
“Same Room, Safe Place”
Authors: Keene Woods Nikki
Published: September 2016

There are many different professional stances on safe sleep and then there is the reality of caring for a newborn. There is a debate among professionals regarding safe sleep recommendations. The continum of recommendations vary from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Safe Sleep Guidelines to the bed-sharing recommendations from the Mother-Baby Behavioral Sleep Laboratory. The lack of consistent and uniform safe sleep recommendations from health professionals has been confusing for families but has more recently raised a real professional ethical dilemma. Despite years of focused safe sleep community education and interventions, sleep-related infant deaths are on the rise in many communities. This commentary calls for a united safe sleep message from all health professionals to improve health for mothers and infants most at-risk, “Same Room, Safe Place.”
Methods to compute salt likelihoods and extract salt boundaries from 3D seismic images
Authors: Wu Xinming
Published: September 2016

Salt body interpretation is important for building subsurface models and interpreting seismic horizons and faults that might be truncated by the salt. Salt interpretation often includes two steps: highlighting salt boundaries with a salt attribute image and extracting salt boundaries from the attribute image. Although both steps have been automated to some extent, salt interpretation today typically still requires significant manual effort. From a 3D seismic image, I first efficiently compute a salt likelihood image, in which the ridges of likelihood values indicate locations of salt boundaries. I then extract salt samples on the ridges, and these samples can be directly connected to construct salt boundaries in cases when salt structures are simple and the boundaries are clean. In more complicated cases, these samples may be noisy and incomplete, and some of the samples can be outliers unrelated to salt boundaries. Therefore, I have developed a method to accurately fit noisy salt samples, reasonably fill gaps, and handle outliers to simultaneously construct multiple salt boundaries. In this step of constructing salt boundaries, I also have developed a convenient way to incorporate human interactions to obtain more accurate salt boundaries in especially complicated cases. I have performed the methods of computing salt likelihoods and constructing salt surfaces using a 3D seismic image containing multiple salt bodies.
Characteristics of Men Who Report Persistent Sexual Symptoms After Finasteride Use for Hair Loss
Authors: Basaria Shehzad , Jasuja Ravi , Huang Grace , Wharton Whitney , Pan Hong , Pencina Karol , Li Zhuoying , Travison Thomas G. , Bhawan Jag , Gonthier Renaud , Labrie Fernand , Dury Alain Y. , Serra Carlo , Papazian Allen , O’Leary Michael , Amr Sami , Storer Thomas W. , Stern Emily , Bhasin Shalender
Published: September 2016

Context:

Some men who use finasteride for hair loss report persistent sexual and other symptoms after discontinuing finasteride therapy.

Objective:

To determine whether these persistent symptoms after discontinuation of finasteride use are due to androgen deficiency, decreased peripheral androgen action, or persistent inhibition of steroid 5α-reductase (SRD5A) enzymes.

Participants:

Finasteride users, who reported persistent sexual symptoms after discontinuing finasteride (group 1); age-matched finasteride users who did not report sexual symptoms (group 2); and healthy men who had never used finasteride (group 3).

Outcomes:

Sexual function, mood, affect, cognition, hormone levels, body composition, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to sexually and affectively valenced stimuli, nucleotide sequences of androgen receptor (AR), SRD5A1, and SRD5A2; expression levels of androgen-dependent genes in skin.

Setting:

Academic medical center.

Results:

Symptomatic finasteride users were similar in body composition, strength, and nucleotide sequences of AR, SRD5A1, and SRD5A2 genes to asymptomatic finasteride users and nonusers. Symptomatic finasteride users had impaired sexual function, higher depression scores, a more negative affectivity balance, and more cognitive complaints than men in groups 2 and 3 but had normal objectively assessed cognitive function. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol-glucuronide, testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and androsterone glucuronide to etiocholanolone glucuronide ratios, and markers of peripheral androgen action and expression levels of AR-dependent genes in skin did not differ among groups. fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent responses to erotic and nonerotic stimuli revealed abnormal function in brain circuitry linked to sexual arousal and major depression.

Conclusions:

We found no evidence of androgen deficiency, decreased peripheral androgen action, or persistent peripheral inhibition of SRD5A in men with persistent sexual symptoms after finasteride use. Symptomatic finasteride users revealed depressed mood and fMRI findings consistent with those observed in depression.
Expression of Cucumber mosaic virus suppressor 2b alters FWA methylation and its siRNA accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hamera Sadia , Yan Youngsheng , Song Xiaoguang , Chaudhary Safee Ullah , Murtaza Iram , Su Lei , Tariq Muhammad , Chen Xiaoying , Fang Rongxiang
Published: September 2016

The Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) suppressor 2b co-localizes with AGO4 in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochemical fractionation of A. thaliana cellular extracts revealed that 2b and AGO4 coexist in multiple size exclusions. 2b transgenic A. thaliana exhibited an enhanced accumulation of 24nt siRNAs from flowering wageningen (FWA) and other heterochromatic loci. These plants also exhibited hypo-methylation of an endogenous- as well as transgene-FWA promoter at non-CG sites. In corroboration, both transgenic 2b and CMV infection affected the regulation of transposons which mimics the ago4 phenotype. In conclusion, 2b perturbs plant defense by interfering with AGO4-regulated transcriptional gene silencing.
Directional cell movements downstream of Gbx2 and Otx2 control the assembly of sensory placodes
Authors: Steventon Ben , Mayor Roberto , Streit Andrea
Published: September 2016

Cranial placodes contribute to sensory structures including the inner ear, the lens and olfactory epithelium and the neurons of the cranial sensory ganglia. At neurula stages, placode precursors are interspersed in the ectoderm surrounding the anterior neural plate before segregating into distinct placodes by as yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we perform live imaging to follow placode progenitors as they aggregate to form the lens and otic placodes. We find that while placode progenitors move with the same speed as their non-placodal neighbours, they exhibit increased persistence and directionality and these properties are required to assemble morphological placodes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these factors are components of the transcriptional networks that coordinate placode cell behaviour including their directional movements. Together with previous work, our results support a dual role for Otx and Gbx transcription factors in both the early patterning of the neural plate border and the later segregation of its derivatives into distinct placodes.
METHODOLOGICAL BASES OF SYNTHESIS OF SUBSYSTEMS OF PROTECTION OF INFORMATION RESOURCE
Authors: Застрожнов  , Zastrozhnov I. , Рогозин  , Rogozin E. , Никулина  , Nikulina E.
Published: September 2016

The methodological bases of synthesis of subsystems of protection of information resource in systems of electronic document flow on the basis of a complex assessment of efficiency providing creation of a subsystem of the protection of information resource conforming to requirements imposed to it are given in article.
SOLIDS ASPECTS OF INTERACTION OF MATERIAL BODIES IN THE PROBLEMS OF GENERAL ASTRONOMY
Authors: Котов  , Kotov P.
Published: September 2016

The theoretical model of long-distance interaction of material bodies in homogeneous space of measurable extent is considered and constructive aspects of stability of dynamic state with calculation for summing actions are offered.
PRIORI RANKING FACTORS IN THE MODELING OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Новиков  , Novikov Artur , Новикова  , Novikova Tatyana
Published: September 2016

Based on the analysis of the matrix of ranks based on concordance contains the degree of influence of the factors that characterize the technical workflow systems sieveless separation of forest seeds, in order to take informed decisions when determining the initial conditions simulation.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSE OF A RESONANCE AND AERODYNAMIC INSTABILITY OF HIGH CONSTRUCTIONS AND FLEXIBLE DESIGNS
Authors: Стородубцева  , Storodubtseva Tamara , Кузнецов  , Kuznetsov D.
Published: September 2016

The analysis of origins of a mechanical resonance on buildings and constructions, and also aerodynamic instability of high buildings and flexible constructions is provided in article: vortex excitation and galloping, are given the basic estimated formulas for computation of critical speed of wind, amplitude of intensity of dynamic force, estimated static and dynamic components of a wind load. Relevance of operation consists in need of special calculation in case of design of high constructions and flexible constructions on wind loads.
PROCESSES IN COPPER-SMELTING PRODUCTION AS OBJECTS OF CONTROL, ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: Рыскулова  , Ryskulova Sagynysh
Published: September 2016

In this article theoretical bases of process of melting of copper concentrates are presented to Vanyukov´s furnaces. Design and structure of the furnace. The most important parameters of process of melting as subjects to control, account and management.
Views in the rear-view mirror: Reflections on past experiences
Authors: Nolan Peter
Published: September 2016

Peter Nolan reflects on experiences from his career in nursing and through three examples highlights the importance of engagement with service users
Professional socialisation: The art in mental health nursing practice
Authors: Bifarin Oladayo
Published: September 2016

This article explores the concept and process of professional socialisation in nursing from a mental health student's perspective, while highlighting the impact of negative professional socialisation in clinical practice today. Nurses may believe that the term ‘professional socialisation’ simply means skills acquisition, however, it is a complex concept. This article provides definitions and the concept and process of acquiring a nursing degree in the UK will be explored. It also highlights the need for complementary efforts (from both academic and clinical mentors) to promote positive professional socialisation. There is a need for the development of mechanisms that enrich individual students' personal values in tandem with the competency framework. A concept mapping approach has been adopted to discuss professional socialisation in the context of the author's experience in both university and clinical environments, highlighting the need to propagate student-centered learning.
A rare case of peripheral vascular graft infection by Aspergillus fumigatus and review of the literature
Authors: Zosimas D , Abukar A , Srilekha A
Published: September 2016

We present an unusual case of a 74-year-old woman who presented with a pseudoaneurysm at the site of a previous prosthetic femoro-popliteal bypass graft and underwent an urgent repair with pseudoaneurysm excision and extra-anatomic placement of an autologous venous graft. Microbiology examination revealed Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the graft, which is a very rare condition. Long-term antifungal medication has been administrated with positive outcome. Only a few cases have been reported in literature, mainly involving aortic grafts. Most patients are immunocompetent and with late presentation. Successful outcome can only be achieved with long-term antifungal treatment and extra-anatomic replacement of the graft.
Encountering a high jugular bulb during ear surgery
Authors: Fox R , Nash R , Tatla T
Published: September 2016

Encounters with jugular bulb abnormalities during ear surgery are a rare but recognised problem. A high riding jugular bulb is present in 10%–15% of patients and its variable position within the temporal bone can lead to problems as brisk venous haemorrhage can result if the bulb is inadvertently opened. The case of a 52-year-old woman with a central tympanic membrane perforation who underwent elective endaural myringoplasty and experienced brisk bleeding on raising the tympanomeatal flap is presented.
Parietex™ Composite mesh versus DynaMesh®-IPOM for laparoscopic incisional and ventral hernia repair: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tandon A , Shahzad K , Pathak S , Oommen CM , Nunes QM , Smart N
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION

Laparoscopic incisional and ventral hernia repair (LIVHR) is widely accepted and safe but the type of mesh used is still debated. We retrospectively compared postoperative outcomes with two different meshes commonly used in LIVHR.

METHODS

This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent incisional hernia repair between January 2008 and December 2010. Two meshes were used: Parietex™ Composite (Covidien, New Haven, CT, USA) and the DynaMesh®-IPOM (FEG Textiltechnik mbH, Aachen, Germany). The two groups were compared with respect to recurrence rates, incidence of seroma and intestinal obstruction.

RESULTS

Among the 88 patients who underwent LIVHR, 75 patients (85.2%) presented with primary incisional hernia, 10 (11.4%) presented with a first recurrence and 3 (3.4%) presented with a second recurrence. Median follow-up was 53.6 months (range 40–61 months). 12.9% of patients had recurrence in the Parietex™ Composite mesh group (n=62) in comparison to 3.8% in the DynaMesh®-IPOM mesh group (n=26; P=0.20). DynaMesh®-IPOM was associated with a significantly higher incidence of intestinal obstruction secondary to adhesions (11.5% vs. 0%, P=0.006) and lower incidence of seroma and haematoma formation compared to Parietex™ composite mesh group (0% vs. 6.4% of patients; P=0.185).

CONCLUSIONS

LIVHR is a safe and feasible technique. Dynamesh®-IPOM is associated with a significantly higher incidence of adhesion related bowel obstruction, albeit with a lower incidence of recurrence, seroma and haematoma formation compared with Parietex™ Composite mesh. However, there is a need for further well-designed, multicentre randomised controlled studies to investigate the use of these meshes.
Galactorrhoea of the neck following pectoralis major reconstruction of a pharyngeal defect
Authors: Wheble GAC , Taylor KJ , Potter M
Published: September 2016

We describe a case of postoperative galactorrhea following the use of a pedicled pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of a pharyngolaryngeal defect in a woman with squamous cell carcinoma. We believe this to be unique in the literature, and an important complication to be reported, due to the similarities in appearance of galactorrhoea and postoperative aerodigestive tract/cutaneous fistula.
Anatomical siting of the splenic flexure using computed tomography
Authors: Meecham L , Brookes A , Macano CAW , Stone T , Cheetham M
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION

Often, left-sided colorectal surgery requires splenic flexure mobilisation (SFM) to allow a tension-free anastomosis to be carried out. This step is difficult and not without risk. We investigated a system of anatomical siting of the splenic flexure using computed tomography (CT).

METHODS

The Shrewsbury Splenic Flexure Siting (SSFS) system involves siting of the splenic flexure using the vertebral level (VL) as a reference point. We asked three surgical registrars (SRs) to analyse 20 CT scans of patients undergoing colonic resection to ascertain the anatomical site of the splenic flexure using the SSFS system. The distance from the centre of the vertebral body to the lateral edge (CVBL) of the splenic flexure was measured, as was the distance from the centre of the vertebral body to the inner abdominal wall (CVBI) along the same line, on axial images.

RESULTS

VL assessment demonstrated substantial inter-observer agreement with a kappa (κ) value of 0.742 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.463–0.890). CVBL and CVBI demonstrated very strong inter-observer agreement (CVBL: κ = 0.905 (95% CI, 0.785–0.961); CVBI: 0.951 (0.890–0.979) (p<0.001). Overall, there was strong correlation between assessments by all three SRs across the three variables measured.

CONCLUSIONS

The SSFS system is an accurate method to site the splenic flexure anatomically using CT. We can use the SSFS system to develop a validated scoring system to help colorectal surgeons assess the difficulty of SFM.
Radiopathological features predictive of involved margins in ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Layfield DM , See H , Stahnke M , Hayward L , Cutress RI , Oeppen RS
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) usually manifests as microcalcification on mammography but may be uncalcified. Consequently, a quarter of patients undergoing excision of a presumed pure DCIS require further surgery to re-excise margins. Patients at highest risk of margin involvement may benefit from additional preoperative assessment.

METHODS

A retrospective review was carried out of patients treated for screen detected, biopsy proven DCIS in a single centre over a ten-year period (1999–2009). Logistic regression analysis identified factors predictive of need for further surgery to clear margins.

RESULTS

Overall, 248 patients underwent surgery for DCIS (low/intermediate grade: 82, high grade: 155) and 49 (19.8%) required further surgery. High grade disease was associated with greater mammographic extent (mean: 32mm [range: 5–120mm] vs 25mm [range: 2–100mm]), p=0.009) and higher incidence of mastectomy (38% vs 24%, p=0.034). Factors predictive of involvement of surgical margins necessitating further surgery included negative oestrogen receptor status (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: 2.1–12.8, p<0.001) and mammographic extent (odds ratio [OR]: 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–2.1, p=0.004). Once size exceeded 30mm, more than 50% of patients required secondary breast surgery for margins.

CONCLUSIONS

Reoperation rates for DCIS increase with preoperative size on mammography and negative oestrogen receptor status on core biopsy. Patients with these risk features should be counselled accordingly and consideration should be given to the role of additional preoperative imaging.
Paraneoplastic polymyositis presenting as a clinically occult breast cancer
Authors: Merali N , Yousuff M , Pronisceva V , Poddar A
Published: September 2016

Paraneoplastic syndrome affects less than 1% of cancer patients. Diagnosis of paraneoplastic syndrome with neurological presentation requires screening for an underlying malignancy, including a complete history, physical examination and imaging studies. Treatment often results in symptom stability, rather than improvement. Paraneoplastic polymyositis can precede or instantaneously occur at diagnosis or treatment of a primary tumour, while neurological symptoms can persist even following cancer treatment. We report a rare case of metaplastic breast carcinoma with an unusual presentation of paraneoplastic polymyositis.
Pseudohyperkalaemia: a rare complication of splenectomy
Authors: Wilson R , Skelly RT
Published: September 2016

Pseudohyperkalaemia is an uncommon and frequently unrecognised biochemical abnormality. It occurs as a consequence of aggregation and lysis of platelets in vitro. As a result, potassium is released, which causes an elevated serum concentration. We present the case of a 21-year-old man with a traumatic splenic injury necessitating laparotomy and splenectomy. Following surgery he developed hyperkalaemia. Further investigations diagnosed pseudohyperkalaemia, one of the causes of which is thrombocytosis secondary to splenectomy.
ABORDAGEM CRÍTICA AO DIREITO DE PROTEÇÃO DA PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL VISANDO AO DIREITO HUMANO AO MEIO AMBIENTE ECOLOGICAMENTE EQUILIBRADO: UMA ANÁLISE SOB O ENFOQUE DA PRECAUÇÃO
Authors: D’Ornellas Maria Cristina , Libel Waldman Ricardo
Published: September 2016

Os atuais requisitos para o patenteamento de novos produtos e processos não abarcam a perspectiva da sustentabilidade. Deste modo, a proteção da propriedade intelectual tem contribuído para a disponibilização de inovações à sociedade, as quais nem sempre são seguras sob uma perspectiva ambiental, colocando em risco o direito humano ao meio ambiente equilibrado. Tal direito pode ser mais bem atendido por meio de mudanças no sistema patentário, no sentido deste também abarcar a observância de princípios existentes na esfera ambiental, contribuindo com a adoção de uma nova sistemática equilibrada, que privilegia tanto aspectos econômicos quanto sociais e ambientais. Assim, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as possíveis limitações do sistema multilateral de proteção da propriedade intelectual, tendo em vista as necessidades do desenvolvimento sustentável no sentido forte. Nesse sentido, ter-se-á como balizador a ética da responsabilidade de Hans Jonas, sendo utilizado o método hipotético-dedutivo: a partir do desafio ético-jurídico da civilização tecnológica, discutem-se conceitos gerais de direito ambiental e patentário para refletir sobre formas de análise das patentes sob o viés da sustentabilidade e da precaução
AMBIENTALIZAÇÃO DO DIREITO E EFETIVIDADE DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Gurski Bruno César , De Souza-Lima José Edmilson
Published: September 2016

A crise socioambiental contemporânea surge como reflexo das tentativas frustradas de se chegar ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Seus fatores e consequências devem ser entendidos numa tentativa de mudança. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com base em pesquisas bibliográficas de livros, artigos, jornais, legislação, entre outros. Teve-se como objetivo refletir sobre a influência recíproca entre homem, Direito e meio ambiente na atual crise socioambiental, para avaliar a efetividade das políticas públicas ambientais. O Direito Ambiental influencia o pensamento jurídico moderno com a ideia de transversalidade da norma ambiental, sobretudo com os princípios da proteção, da participação e da educação. De forma geral, as atuais políticas públicas ambientais brasileiras são marcadas pela setorização, fragmentação e consequente falta de universalização. A causa dessa ineficiência é uma construção histórica truncada, marcada pela falta de educação ambiental, fundada em uma racionalidade instrumental individualista e a ínfima participação popular nas decisões.
O PRINCÍPIO DA APLICAÇÃO JUSTA DAS LEIS DOS CONFLITOS ARMADOS PARA O HUMANISMO JURÍDICO NA PÓS-MODERNIDADE
Authors: Paraguassu Monica
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo sobre o princípio da aplicação justa de leis de guerra ou conflitos armados, internacionais ou não internacionais, a qual visa prevenir e reprimir violações graves de direitos humanos, considerando a teoria do humanismo jurídico e o contexto da pós-modernidade. Trata-se de estudo teórico jurídico, a partir de uma reflexão crítica sobre o princípio da aplicação justa das leis dos conflitos armados, que faz parte do direito internacional humanitário, sendo analisado segundo a relação entre as bases da teoria do humanismo jurídico, da filosofia crítica e criminológica e da compreensão dos fatos das relações internacionais presentes na pós-modernidade. De modo a aprofundar a compreensão de tal princípio, busca-se estudar outros afins, como o princípio da separação entre jus ad bellum e jus in bello, da irretroatibilidade e da legalidade, segundo referências democráticas de tratamento igualitário. Considerando o cenário internacional anárquico da pós-modernidade, que fragiliza o humanismo jurídico, o texto é construído apontando duas perspectivas, seja a da cooperação e interdependência que pode explicar o direito de pretensões universais da ONU; seja a perspectiva da fragilidade de tal direito, por sua incapacidade de enfrentar os conflitos armados internos em razão da perda das referências do Estado Moderno sob influência da transformação do Estado Mercado.
Non-thermal microwave radiation-induced brain tissue dehydration as a potential factor for brain functional impairment
Authors: Nikoghosyan Anna , Heqimyan Armenuhi , Ayrapetyan Sinerik
Published: September 2016

Based on our previous finding that metabolically controlled cell hydration is sensitive to the changes of physicochemical properties of cell aqua medium, which take place upon the effect of weak physical signals, including microwaves with non-thermal intensity (NT MW), it has been hypothesized that cell aqua medium serves as a primary target for NT MW effect on brain tissue. To elucidate the nature of the metabolic pathway through which the effect of NT MW-induced changes of physicochemical properties of cell aqua medium modulate cell hydration, the effects of intraperitoneal (IP) injection of PS treated by NT MW on brain tissue hydration, 45Ca2+ uptake, [3H]-ouabain binding with cell membrane and intracellular cyclic nucleotides have been studied. The obtained data indicate that PS treated by NT MW through the activation of high affinity ouabain receptors in membrane stimulates cAMP-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchange in reverse mode (R), which leads to brain tissue hydration in healthy (young) and dehydration in non-healthy (old) rats.As NT MW radiation-induced activation of R Na+/Ca2+ exchange leads to the increase of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), it is considered as a potential factor leading to the brain functional impairment, especially when brain metabolic activity is depressed (e.g. during aging).
Domestic violence impact on adolescents
Aile içi şiddetin ergenler üzerindeki etkisi
Authors: Ayhan Fatma , Özkan Birgül
Published: September 2016

Objcective: This research was performed in order to evaluate the effects on adolescents of witnessing intrafamilial violence. Methods: 1196 students attending four high schools affiliated to the Ministry of Education in the Turkish province of Karaman represented the research sample in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. A questionnaire eliciting students’ individual characteristics, together with witnessing interparental violence, acceptance of interpersonal violence and use of violence scales were employed as data collection tools. Findings: Age, type of school, parental education levels, income, the family being in receipt of economic assistance, the student working in paid employment and number of siblings were significantly correlated with adolescent witnessing of violence. A positive correlation was determined between witnessing violence and acceptance and use of violence.Results: The research shows that adolescents witnessing violence has positive effects on their attitudes toward violence. Intrafamilial violence in particular therefore needs to be reduced and families need to receive counseling on the subject in order for the levels of violence in society to be lowered. ÖzetAmaç: Buaraştırma; ergenlerin aile içi şiddete tanık olmasının şiddete yönelik tutumlarına etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türdeki araştırmanın örneklemini Karaman ilinde Milli Eğitim bakanlığına bağlı dört lisedeki 1196 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; öğrencilerin bireysel özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik soru formu, ebeveynler arası şiddete tanıklık ölçeği, şiddet kabullenme ve şiddet uygulama ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Yaş, okul türü, baba ve annenin eğitim durumu, gelir durumu, ailenin ekonomik yardım alma durumu, öğrencinin gelir getiren bir işte çalışma durumu, kardeş sayısı değişkenleri ile ergenlerin şiddete tanıklık etme durumları arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Araştırmada şiddete tanıklık etme durumu ile şiddeti kabullenme ve şiddet uygulama arasında pozitif şekilde korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmada ergenlerin şiddete tanıklık etme durumunun şiddete yönelik tutumları üzerinde önemli etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle toplumda şiddet oranlarının azalması için öncelikle aile içi şiddetin azaltılması, ailelere bu konuda danışmalık verilmesinin gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır.
KANIKOSEN (KOBAYASHI TAKIJI) “BACAAN LIAR” TAHUN 1920-AN DALAM RENTANG SEJARAH JEPANG
Authors: Rustam Muhammad Reza
Published: September 2016

This paper describes a dynamics proletarian literature and its relationship with Kanikosen   novel by Kobayashi Takiji, including; the institution, ideology, production, and figures associated to narration used by Marxism theory posed by the author as one of the Japan "wild literatures" in the 1920s. This paper aims to usher the readers to the narrative of the Japanese proletarian literature and illustrates the Japanese proletarian literary map development. The form of “wildness” obtained by author is a social class conflict in literary texts such as in the Kanikosen   story. Like an empirical reality, text construction, especially characterizations, background, and language style reflecting a dynamics of everyday social life. Intimidation, exploitation, deception, torture, suffering labor on one side and on the other side, the accumulation of profits, accumulating capital individually, and the arbitrariness of employers conducted by the owners of capital, reflected brightly by Kobayashi Takiji.
Research progress on the cathodic protection current and potential distribution of the tank bottom plate
Authors: Kou Jie , Zhang Xince , Cui Gan , Yin Xueming
Published: September 2016

Cathodic protection is an important method to prevent the corrosion of the tank bottom plate. In this article, the research status in recent decades of the current density and potential distribution of the tank bottom plate in cathodic protection is summarized. The research status and problems of the analytical and numerical methods for tank bottom plate are described and discussed. A detailed summary of boundary condition modeling is carried out. It is proposed that the analytical method will be gradually replaced by numerical methods and the mathematical model and boundary conditions need to be further studied and improved. In addition, the combined use of a variety of numerical methods and a numerical simulation study on the vapor phase corrosion related to tank bottom will be a trend in the development of numerical simulation in the future.
The impact of CYP4F2, ABCB1, and GGCX polymorphisms on bleeding episodes associated with acenocoumarol in Russian patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sychev Dmitriy Alexeyevich , Rozhkov Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Kazakov Ruslan Evgenyevich , Ananichuk Anna Viktorovna
Published: September 2016

Background:

Oral anticoagulants are commonly used to treat patients with thromboembolic pathology. Genetic variations could influence personal response to anticoagulant drugs. Acenocoumarol (AC) is a vitamin K antagonist used in anticoagulant therapy and as a prophylaxis measure in Europe. In this study, we assessed the effect of CYP4F2 rs2108622, ABCB1, and GGCX polymorphisms on the safety profile and regime dosing of AC in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Methods:

Fifty patients aged 40–70 years were included. All patients received AC in the dose of 1–6 mg daily with a target international normalized ratio of 2.0–3.0. Genotyping for polymorphism markers C3435T for the ABCB1 gene, rs2108622 for the CYP4F2 gene, and rs11676382 for the GGCX gene were designed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:

We found that CYP4F2 rs2108622 CT carriers required a higher AC dose than CC (p=0.0366), and CT and TT carriers required a higher AC dose than CC (p=0.0314).

Conclusions:

We found that ABCB1 CT and TT genotypes are associated with a higher risk of bleeding. No influence of ABCB1 and GGCX polymorphisms on the doses of AC was established. CYP4F2 could still be a genetic factor responsible for the personal variability of AC metabolism.
Present and future aspects of dydrogesterone in prevention or treatment of pregnancy disorders: an outlook
Authors: Schindler Adolf E.
Published: September 2016

Over time, it became evident that with the use of micronized progesterone and dydrogesterone prevention or treatment of pregnancy disorders such as threatened miscarriage, recurrent (habitual) miscarriage, preterm labor or preeclampsia appears to be possible. The results so far obtained will be delineated and concepts of prevention or treatment are suggested with the aim to further explore these pregnancy disorders either by prevention or treatment concepts to obtain not only benefits to the mother and the fetus, but furthermore this results in benefits for lifetime for the individual, for the family and last but not least for society.
The impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on the lives of disabilities: a case in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Najmul , Ashraf Mahfuz , Ahmed Ezaz , Hasan Md Rashadul , Bhattacharjee Vashkar
Published: September 2016

Generally, people with disabilities (PWDs) experience barriers of different kinds than the people without disabilities, e.g. lower access to healthcare, education, employment, or economic participation, which are barriers to form an inclusive society. Access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) has paramount significance to remove these barriers. This study statistically investigates the factors that are significant in the acceptance process of ICT by the disabled and the positive change in the quality of their daily lives. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA), a broadly used technique, to identify the factors responsible in the development process. This is mainly a sample-based study where the participants complete a well-defined questionnaire and assess the outcomes of ICT acceptance by PWDs, considering the change in the quality of their lives. A structural equation modeling is conducted to justify the total relationship based on the variables mainly involved. The findings show that the acceptance of ICT by PWDs was at moderate level, and there is a positive correlation between acceptance of ICT and quality improvement in the lives of PWDs. These results will help to improve individual lives of PWDs, social as well as national development, and to provide positive psychological intervention to promote the acceptance of ICT by PWDs.