bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Parallel Dialogue”: Parental experience of their role in the relationship with their child's counsellor/psychotherapist
Authors: Taylor Helen
Published: February 2023

The parent–therapist relationship is a central consideration in child counselling and psychotherapy, particularly in private practice where parents are typically financially, emotionally and practically invested in the process. The relationship, which can be ambiguous and anxiety‐laden on both sides, has historically received scant attention in therapeutic discourse, leading to gaps in practitioner confidence and training. In this context, and seeking to centre parent voices, this study provides an interpretative phenomenological analysis of four mothers' experiences of their role in the relationship with their child's therapist. Key identified themes encompass parental expectation of involvement; the destabilising, disorienting nature of the relationship; the centrality of trust; and critical evaluations of value. Findings are discussed in relation to attachment theory and cultural expectations of parental responsibility. The study concludes that the relationship is a live and potent property with potential to impact the course of the intervention, and recommends that practitioners thoughtfully consider the potential benefits and drawbacks of meeting or frustrating parental involvement expectations.
TRIM29 promotes podocyte pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy through the NF‐kB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Qin Zihan , Zhang Ce , Mi Xia , Zhang Chi , Zhou Feihong , Wang Junsheng , Zhang Liexiang , Hua Fei
Published: February 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Gradual loss of podocytes is a sign of DN and pyroptosis mechanistically correlates with podocyte injury in DN; however, the mechanism(s) involved remain unknown. Here we reveal that TRIM29 is overexpressed in high glucose (HG)‐treated murine podocytes cells and that TRIM29 silencing significantly inhibits podocyte damage due to HG treatment, as evidenced by lower desmin expression and greater nephrin expression. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis showed that TRIM29 silencing significantly inhibited HG treatment‐induced pyroptosis, which was confirmed by immunoblotting for NLRP3, active Caspase‐1, GSDMD‐N, and phosphorylated NF‐κB‐p65. Conversely, overexpression of TRIM29 could trigger pyroptosis that was attenuated by NF‐κB inhibition, indicating that TRIM29 promotes pyroptosis through the NF‐κB pathway. Mechanistic studies revealed that TRIM29 interacts with IκBα to mediate its ubiquitination‐dependent degradation, which in turn leads to NF‐κB activation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TRIM29 can promote podocyte pyroptosis by activating the NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathway. Thus, TRIM29 represents a potentially novel therapeutic target that may also be clinically relevant in the management of DN.
Serial quantitative angiographic study of target lumen enlargement after drug‐coated balloon angioplasty for native coronary artery disease
Authors: Ueno Katsumi , Morita Norihiko , Kojima Yoshinobu , Takahashi Hiroshi , Esaki Masayasu , Kondo Hiroki , Ando Yu , Yamada Mayu , Kosokabe Tai
Published: February 2023

Background

Target lumen enlargement (TLE) or “late lumen enlargement” is often encountered after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐coated balloons (DCB). To date, the prognosis of coronary arterial lesions with or without TLE has not been clearly elucidated.

Aims

This study aimed to assess the long‐term prognosis of coronary arterial lesions with or without TLE observed within 1 year (early TLE) after DCB angioplasty using serial quantitative angiographic follow‐up.

Methods

One hundred and ninety‐three consecutive patients (de novo coronary arterial lesions, 251) who underwent follow‐up angiography within 1 year after DCB angioplasty (early follow‐up, median: 6 months) were retrospectively evaluated. Of these, 97 patients (125 lesions) also underwent angiography more than 1 year after DCB angioplasty (late follow‐up, median: 37 months). TLE was defined as an increase in minimal lumen diameter (MLD) after PCI at each follow‐up.

Results

Early TLE was detected in 142 lesions (56.6%). Of these, 76 lesions were also evaluated at late follow‐up. TLE persisted even at late follow‐up in 67 of the 76 lesions (88.2%). An increase in MLD in early TLE (+) lesions was observed in the period between post‐PCI and early follow‐up (1.84 ± 0.06 vs. 2.12 ± 0.07 mm, p < 0.001) but not between early and late follow‐up (2.12 ± 0.07 vs. 2.16 ± 0.07 mm, p = 0.74). In contrast, 49 of 109 lesions without early TLE were evaluated at late follow‐up, of which 28 lesions (57.1%) showed TLE at late follow‐up. The MLD of early TLE (−) lesions (n = 49) significantly increased from early (1.63 ± 0.061 mm) to late follow‐up (1.84 ± 0.06 mm) (p < 0.001). No aneurysms were found in any of these cases.

Conclusion

Early TLE was observed in more than half of the lesions, with the majority remaining at late follow‐up. Alternatively, half of the lesions without early TLE showed late TLE, occurring biphasically after DCB angioplasty.
A trial of topiramate for patients with hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia
Authors: Miura Shiroh , Sawada Ryusuke , Yorita Akiko , Kida Hiroshi , Kamada Takashi , Yamanishi Yoshihiro
Published: February 2023

In an open pilot trial, six patients with various hereditary forms of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) were assigned to topiramate (50 mg/day) for 24 weeks. Four patients completed the protocol without adverse events. Of these four patients, topiramate was effective for three patients. Some patients with SCA could respond to treatment with topiramate.
Surface Studies on the Energy Release of the MOST System 2‐Carbethoxy‐3‐Phenyl‐Norbornadiene/Quadricyclane (PENBD/PEQC) on Pt(111) and Ni(111)
Authors: Hemauer Felix , Schwaab Valentin , Freiberger Eva Marie , Waleska Natalie J. , Leng Andreas , Weiß Cornelius , Steinhauer Johann , Düll Fabian , Bachmann Philipp , Hirsch Andreas , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Papp Christian
Published: February 2023

Novel energy‐storage solutions are necessary for the transition from fossil to renewable energy sources. Auspicious candidates are so‐called molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems. In our study, we investigate the surface chemistry of a derivatized norbornadiene/quadricyclane molecule pair. By using suitable push–pull substituents, a bathochromic shift of the absorption onset is achieved, allowing a greater overlap with the solar spectrum. Specifically, the adsorption and thermally induced reactions of 2‐carbethoxy‐3‐phenyl‐norbornadiene/quadricyclane are assessed on Pt(111) and Ni(111) as model catalyst surfaces by synchrotron radiation‐based X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Comparison of the respective XP spectra enables the distinction of the energy‐rich molecule from its energy‐lean counterpart and allows qualitative information on the adsorption motifs to be derived. Monitoring the quantitative cycloreversion between 140 and 230 K spectroscopically demonstrates the release of the stored energy to be successfully triggered on Pt(111). Heating to above 300 K leads to fragmentation of the molecular framework. On Ni(111), no conversion of the energy‐rich compound takes place. The individual decomposition pathways of the two isomers begin at 160 and 180 K, respectively. Pronounced desorption of almost the entire surface coverage only occurs for the energy‐lean molecule on Ni(111) above 280 K; this suggests weakly bound species. The correlation between adsorption motif and desorption behavior is important for applications of MOST systems in heterogeneously catalyzed processes.
JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib promotes the expansion and suppressive action of polymorphonuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells via the JAK/STAT and ROS‐MAPK/NF‐κB signalling pathways in acute graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Cao Yigeng , Wang Jiali , Jiang Shan , Lyu Mengnan , Zhao Fei , Liu Jia , Wang Mingyang , Pei Xiaolei , Zhai Weihua , Feng Xiaoming , Feng Sizhou , Han Mingzhe , Xu Yuanfu , Jiang Erlie
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, demonstrates efficacy for treating steroid‐resistant acute graft‐versus‐host disease (SR‐aGVHD) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have a protective effect on aGVHD via suppressing T cell function. However, the precise features and mechanism of JAK inhibitor‐mediated immune modulation on MDSCs subsets remain poorly understood.

Methods

A total of 74 SR‐aGVHD patients treated with allo‐HSCT and ruxolitinib were enrolled in the present study. The alterations of MDSC and regulatory T cell (Treg) populations were monitored during ruxolitinib treatment in responders and nonresponders. A mouse model of aGVHD was used to evaluate the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and related signalling pathways in response to ruxolitinib administration in vivo and in vitro.

Results

Patients with SR‐aGVHD who received ruxolitinib treatment achieved satisfactory outcomes. Elevation proportions of MDSCs before treatment, especially polymorphonuclear‐MDSCs (PMN‐MDSCs) were better to reflect the response to ruxolitinib than those in Tregs. In the mouse model of aGVHD, the administration of ruxolitinib resulted in the expansion and functional enhancement of PMN‐MDSCs and the effects could be partially reversed by an anti‐Gr‐1 antibody in vivo. Ruxolitinib treatment significantly elevated the suppressive function of PMN‐MDSCs through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by Nox2 upregulation as well as bypassing the activated MAPK/NF‐κB signalling pathway. Additionally, ex vivo experiments demonstrated that ruxolitinib prevented the differentiation of mature myeloid cells and promoted the accumulation of MDSCs by inhibiting STAT5.

Conclusions

Ruxolitinib enhances PMN‐MDSCs functions through JAK/STAT and ROS‐MAPK/NF‐κB signalling pathways. Monitoring frequencies and functions of MDSCs can help evaluate treatment responses to ruxolitinib.
Co‐Harvest Phase‐Change Enthalpy and Isomerization Energy for High‐Energy Heat Output by Controlling Crystallization of Alkyl‐Grafted Azobenzene Molecules
Authors: Gao Jian , Feng Yiyu , Fang Wenyu , Wang Hui , Ge Jing , Yang Xiaoyu , Yu Huitao , Qin Mengmeng , Feng Wei
Published: February 2023

Photoisomerization‐induced phase change are important for co‐harvesting the latent heat and isomerization energy of azobenzene molecules. Chemically optimizing heat output and energy delivery at alternating temperatures are challenging because of the differences in crystallizability and isomerization. This article reports two series of asymmetrically alkyl‐grafted azobenzene (Azo‐g), with and without a methyl group, that have an optically triggered phase change. Three exothermic modes were designed to utilize crystallization enthalpy (∆Hc) and photothermal (isomerization) energy (∆Hp) at different temperatures determined by the crystallization. Azo‐g has high heat output (275–303 J g−1) by synchronously releasing ∆Hc and ∆Hp over a wide temperature range (−79 °C to 25 °C). We fabricated a new distributed energy utilization and delivery system to realize a temperature increase of 6.6 °C at a temperature of −8 °C. The findings offer insight into selective utilization of latent heat and isomerization energy by molecular optimization of crystallization and isomerization processes.
Investigation of the potential mutagenicity of ethyl tertiary‐butyl ether in the tumor target tissue using transgenic Big Blue Fischer 344 rats following whole body inhalation exposure
Authors: Gollapudi B. Bhaskar , Rushton Erik K.
Published: February 2023

Ethyl tertiary‐butyl ether (ETBE) is a fuel oxygenate used for the efficiency of motor vehicle fuels and their octane ratings. ETBE has been reported to induce liver adenomas in male rats in a 2‐year bioassay at the highest inhalation concentration tested of 5000 ppm. To investigate the potential mutagenicity of ETBE in the liver, male Big Blue Fischer 344 rats were exposed for 28 consecutive days (6 h/day) to 0, 500, 1500, and 5000 ppm ETBE. The treated rats were sacrificed 3 days post‐exposure and the frequencies of cII mutants were evaluated in the liver and bone marrow tissues. The mutant frequency (MF) of the liver in the negative control group was 36.3 × 10−6 and this value was not significantly different in ETBE‐exposed animals (39.4, 37.3, and 45.9 × 10−6 in 500, 1500, and 5000 ppm groups, respectively). In the bone marrow, the mean MF in the negative control was 32.9 × 10−6 which was not different from the means of the exposed groups (33.8, 22.6, and 32.0 × 10−6 for groups exposed to 500, 1500 and 5000 ppm, respectively). These data, along with consistent negative response reported in the literature for other apical genotoxicity endpoints informs that mutagenicity is not likely the initial key event in the mode of action for ETBE‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat.
Lack of hydroxyurea‐associated mutagenesis in pediatric sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Torous Dorothea K. , Avlasevich Svetlana , Bemis Jeffrey C. , Howard Thad , Ware Russell E. , Fung Chunkit , Chen Yuhchyau , Sahsrabudhe Deepak , MacGregor James T. , Dertinger Stephen D.
Published: February 2023

Hydroxyurea is approved for treating children and adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Despite its proven efficacy, concerns remain about its mutagenic and carcinogenic potential that hamper its widespread use. Cell culture‐ and animal‐based investigations indicate that hydroxyurea's genotoxic effects are due to indirect clastogenicity in select cell types when high dose and time thresholds are exceeded (reviewed by Ware & Dertinger, 2021). The current study extends these preclinical observations to pediatric patients receiving hydroxyurea for treatment of SCA. First, proof‐of‐principle experiments with testicular cancer patients exposed to a cisplatin‐based regimen validated the ability of flow cytometric blood‐based micronucleated reticulocyte (MN‐RET) andPIG‐Amutant reticulocyte (MUT RET) assays to detect clastogenicity and gene mutations, respectively. Second, these biomarkers were measured in a cross‐sectional study with 26 SCA patients receiving hydroxyurea and 13 SCA patients without exposure. Finally, a prospective study was conducted with 10 SCA patients using pretreatment blood samples and after 6 or 12 months of therapy. Cancer patients exposed to cisplatin exhibited increased MN‐RET within days of exposure, while the MUT RET endpoint required more time to reach maximal levels. In SCA patients, hydroxyurea induced MN‐RET in both the cross‐sectional and prospective studies. However, no evidence ofPIG‐Agene mutation was found in hydroxyurea‐treated children, despite the fact that the two assays use the same rapidly‐dividing, highly‐exposed cell type. Collectively, these results reinforce the complementary nature of MN‐RET and MUT RET biomarkers, and indicate that hydroxyurea can be clastogenic but was not mutagenic in young patients with SCA.
Life‐cycle risk assessment of building portfolios subjected to tsunamis under non‐stationary sea‐level rise based on a compound renewal process
Authors: Alhamid Abdul Kadir , Akiyama Mitsuyoshi , Aoki Koki , Koshimura Shunichi , Frangopol Dan M.
Published: February 2023

The immense impacts of tsunamis can inflict substantial damage on coastal infrastructure systems during their lifetime and lead to considerable economic loss. However, with the increasing intensity and variability of sea‐level rise due to climate change, evaluations of the life‐cycle tsunami risk associated with cumulative loss have become increasingly complex since tsunami hazards are time‐dependent. In addition, the number of earthquake events and the corresponding arrival times are substantially uncertain. Therefore, an accurate life‐cycle tsunami risk assessment methodology should be established to appropriately develop disaster mitigation measures. This paper provides a novel life‐cycle risk assessment of building portfolios subjected to tsunami hazards under non‐stationary sea‐level rise effects due to climate change. The cumulative loss of a building portfolio is evaluated through a compound renewal process based on earthquake interarrival time uncertainties and time‐dependent risk. The earthquake interarrival times are modeled using a non‐Poisson process based on historical data. Tsunami hazard curves that consider the effects of sea‐level rise, estimated based on climate models, are obtained with tsunami propagation analysis. The time‐variant annual risk is estimated based on reliability and building unit loss. Finally, a numerical procedure is proposed to estimate the life‐cycle tsunami risk of building portfolios. An illustrative example is provided by applying the framework to several municipalities in the Kochi Prefecture of Japan to assess the effects of climate change on the life‐cycle tsunami risk.
Design optimization of a coal seam annular air reverse circulation bit
Authors: Chen Demin , Qu Baohua , Long Wei , Li Yanyan
Published: February 2023

Reverse circulation (RC) drilling technology enables the rapid acquisition of coal seam samples, which is crucial in accurately measuring gas content. In addition, the design of the drill bit plays a key role in RC sampling. In this study, the turbulence model and simulation method applied during the RC drilling process is analyzed, and an annular jet flow bit is developed. An experimental laboratory setup is used to simulate the RC performance of the proposed drill bit, based on which an orthogonal design simulation of the structural parameters of the drilling bit studies was performed to investigate the effects of the RC drilling process. The experimental results show that annular jet flow moving up the central channel wall of the bit is conducive to the suction of annular airflow and results in the strong flow field created by the center channel of the bit generating negative pressure in the center channel of the bit, a comparison of the computational fluid dynamics data on negative pressure and suction rate shows that the annular jet flow RC bit is suitable for use in RC drilling.
An exploration of factors contributing to multicultural counseling self‐efficacy in addiction counselors
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , Culbreth John R. , Flowers Claudia P.
Published: February 2023

A non‐experimental, correlational survey design was used to explore relationships between counselor recovery status, training, and counselor demographic variables on multicultural counseling self‐efficacy in addiction counselors (N = 283) using the Multicultural Counseling Self‐Efficacy – Racial Diversity Form. A multiple‐indicators and multiple‐causes model analysis indicated significant differences based on race, multicultural education, and CACREP program attendance on multicultural counseling self‐efficacy. Implications from this study and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Need for metacognition and critical thinking in the e‐learning ecosystem: The new normal in post Covid era
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Bamel Umesh
Published: February 2023

Present paper aims to extend the legitimacy of social cognition theory in the context of e‐learning by examining the relationship between metacognition and critical thinking. In addition, we test the moderating effect of internet self‐efficacy. We contextualize this study to e‐learning as digital medium has become the new normal in post‐Covid era. A sample set of 357 management professionals who have participated in e‐learning recently was obtained, and collected data were analyzed using regression analysis. Our analysis confirms that metacognition is positively associated to critical thinking. The findings establish the need to provide management professionals with tools to develop metacognition as it promotes critical thinking prowess in the context of e‐learning.
Quality of life outcomes for patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer and pretreatment prognostic score
Authors: Oyenuga Mosunmoluwa , Halabi Susan , Oyenuga Abayomi , McSweeney Sean , Morgans Alicia K. , Ryan Charles J. , Prizment Anna
Published: February 2023

Background

A prognostic risk score (Halabi score) in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) accurately predicts overall survival, but its association with quality of life (QOL) has not been defined. We hypothesize that a higher pretreatment Halabi score is associated with worse QOL outcomes over time in mCRPC patients.

Methods

Patient‐level data from the docetaxel plus prednisone control arm of Mainsail, a Phase 3 clinical trial in mCRPC were accessed via ProjectDataSphere. Pretreatment Halabi score included disease‐related factors: metastatic site, opioid use, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG‐PS), alkaline phosphatase, albumin, hemoglobin, lactic acid dehydrogenase, and PSA, with higher score indicating worse survival. Three QOL scales were created: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Prostate (FACT‐P, higher score = better QOL), Brief Pain Inventory‐Short Form Severity score (BPI‐SFSS, higher score = higher pain severity), and BPI‐SF Interference score (BPI‐SFIS, higher score = greater pain interference). Mixed linear model was used to estimate the associations between Halabi score and QOL scores assessed at different time points (baseline, 2 months, and 6 months).

Results

This analysis included 412 mCRPC patients (median age = 68 years, 82% white, 5% Black, median log PSA = 4.4 ng/mL). After multivariable adjustment, Halabi score was significantly associated with QOL scores at all time points. At 6 months, multivariable adjusted FACT‐P decreased by 10.0 points (worsening), BPI‐SFSS increased by 0.8 points (worsening), and BPI‐SFIS increased by 0.9 points (worsening) for each unit increase in Halabi risk score. In multivariable analysis of individual components, ECOG‐PS, site of metastasis, and opioid use were significantly associated with worse QOL scores at baseline.

Conclusions

Chemotherapy‐naïve mCRPC patients with poorer Halabi prognostic risk scores have poorer QOL and greater pain intensity and interference at baseline and during follow‐up.
Influence of ALS‐linked M337V mutation on the conformational ensembles of TDP‐43321–340 peptide monomer and dimer
Authors: Zeng Jiyuan , Tang Yiming , Dong Xuewei , Li Fangying , Wei Guanghong
Published: February 2023

The transactive response (TAR) DNA/RNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) can self‐assemble into both functional stress granules via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) and pathogenic amyloid fibrillary aggregates that are closely linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Previous experimental studies reported that the low complexity domain (LCD) of TDP‐43 plays an essential role in the LLPS and aggregation of the full‐length protein, and it alone can also undergo LLPS to form liquid droplets mainly via intermolecular interactions in the 321–340 region. And the ALS‐associated M337V mutation impairs LCD's LLPS and facilitates liquid–solid phase transition. However, the underlying atomistic mechanism is not well understood. Herein, as a first step to understand the M337V‐caused LLPS disruption of TDP‐43 LCD mediated by the 321–340 region and the fibrillization enhancement, we investigated the conformational properties of monomer/dimer of TDP‐43321–340 peptide and its M337V mutant by performing extensive all‐atom explicit‐solvent replica exchange molecular dynamic simulations. Our simulations demonstrate that M337V mutation alters the residue regions with high helix/β‐structure propensities and thus affects the conformational ensembles of both monomer and dimer. M337V mutation inhibits helix formation in the N‐terminal Ala‐rich region and the C‐terminal mutation site region, while facilitating their long β‐sheet formation, albeit with a minor impact on the average probability of both helix structure and β‐structure. Further analysis of dimer system shows that M337V mutation disrupts inter‐molecular helix–helix interactions and W334‐W334 π‐π stacking interactions which were reported to be important for the LLPS of TDP‐43 LCD, whereas enhances the overall peptide residue‐residue interactions and weakens peptide‐water interactions, which is conducive to peptide fibrillization. This study provides mechanistic insights into the M337V‐mutation‐induced impairment of phase separation and facilitation of fibril formation of TDP‐43 LCD.
Interplay of Depletion Forces and Biomolecular Recognition in the Hierarchical Assembly of Supramolecular Tubes
Authors: Xiu Fangyuan , Knežević Anamarija , Huskens Jurriaan , Kudernac Tibor
Published: February 2023

Crowding effects have a profound impact on the hierarchical organization of cellular architectures. In the fields of systems chemistry and soft matter, this effect has not received much attention so far. Here, it is explored how poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a crowding agent invokes depletion forces that act on synthetic supramolecular tubes. Hence, supramolecular tubes are pushed from their random orientation into hierarchically assembled bundles due to the PEG‐induced crowded environment. The resulting morphology of formed bundled architectures can be tuned by the concentrations of both the supramolecular tubes and the PEG. The introduction of biotin groups at the surface of the tubes allows the engineering of biotin–streptavidin crosslinks between them. The order of introducing PEG and streptavidin in the system further affects the formed hierarchical assemblies, as well as their resistance toward dilution. The strategy described here provides a new route to establish hierarchically organized supramolecular architectures, combining crowding and specific biomolecular interactions, which shows the potential for controlling the structure of supramolecular materials and other soft matter systems.
Typification of Linnaean Barleria (Acanthaceae) binomials based on Indian material
Authors: Lekhak Manoj Madhwanand
Published: February 2023

The three remaining untypified Linnaean binomials in the genus Barleria, described based on material from India, are lectotypified: B. buxifolia, B. hystrix and B. longifolia. The confusion over the taxonomic identity of B. buxifolia is discussed and the need for an epitype indicated.
A User-Centred Approach to User Interface Languages and Icons: Co-evaluation and Co-creation of Accessible Digital Mobility Services
Authors: Hueting Rebecca , Giorgi Sabina , Capaccioli Andrea
Published: February 2023

Challenging the acceptance of what have been defined as universal and standard pictograms, this paper promotes a conceptual approach to improve non-textual communication in digital mobility and delivery services, to ensure that different types of people may access content in an intuitive manner, overcoming language, cultural, physical and cognitive barriers. Starting from the user-centred methodological process applied in the development of the Universal Interface Language tool, one of the main outcomes of the INDIMO EU project (Inclusive Digital Mobility Solutions), this paper presents a methodological path that can provide UX/UI designers, developers and service providers with a practical guide to defining a proper set of accessible and inclusive icons as part of the user interface, be it digital or physical. In particular, this paper points out the need for bottom-up initiatives based on the co-design of physical and digital interfaces and their components to create symbols and icons with a higher degree of universality. To this end, user evaluations of mobility specific and general icons, and recommendations based on the empirical research in the INDIMO project, are presented. These address the design, selection and integration of visual icons in accessible user interfaces for digital applications.
Automated Vehicles Empowering Mobility of Vulnerable Groups - and the Pathway to Achieve This
Authors: Randhahn Annette , Leitão Joana , Foldesi Erzsébet , Dubbert Jörg , Pinto Alexandra , Zachäus Carolin , Moertl Peter
Published: February 2023

Many people in Europe still have limited access to transportation modes overall. Socio-economic constrains as well as cognitive, sensory and physical impairments affect everyday life of these citizens, posing challenges to access mobility services.

Technologies for vehicle automation have advanced greatly in recent decades and it is expected to become part of vehicle fleets in the foreseeable future. Yet, the implementation and use of automated and autonomous vehicles (here jointly referred to as AVs) entails chances but also hurdles regarding accessibility and inclusivity of vulnerable groups. This concerns both the use of the vehicle by humans as well as the interaction between humans and vehicles as participants in road traffic.

In this chapter, these aspects shall be presented by identifying opportunities and risks as part of our mobility system, starting from a narrowing down of the vulnerable social groups we are looking at. Subsequently, we present the benefits that co-creation and universal design can have in overcoming or, in the best case, avoiding these obstacles. Even though the authors are aware that no detailed recommendations for action can be given within this framework, at least suggestions for solutions are outlined.
Digital Shared Mobility Services: Operationalizing the Capabilities Approach to Appraise Inclusivity
Authors: Martinez Lluis , Keseru Imre
Published: February 2023

Digitalization has fostered the emergence and transformation of transport services, such as shared transport. Digital literacy and having access to digital platforms are increasingly necessary prerequisites to be mobile and benefit from these services. Consequently, new forms of transport disadvantages have emerged, which might result in the exclusion of vulnerable populations.

This paper reviews the literature about transport disadvantages, digital exclusion and shared transport to identify a comprehensive approach to the study of digital shared mobility services (DSMS). By incorporating the digital divide into the Capabilities Approach, a theoretical framework to study DSMS is proposed.

The findings of this paper are relevant to decision-makers, practitioners and researchers working within the field of urban mobility and shared transport services. The theoretical framework proposed is useful to understand the unequal use of DSMS and appraise their inclusivity. This framework is also useful for transport operators and policy-makers interested in adopting a user-centred perspective.
Methodological Paths to Achieve Inclusive Digital Mobility Solutions: Target-Group Capabilities and Limitations
Authors: Di Ciommo Floridea , Rondinella Gianni , Shiftan Yoram , Specktor Michelle
Published: February 2023

Physical, digital and graphic interface requirements of digital mobility and delivery services (and target groups) are a result of a comparison between the capabilities and limitations of each target group. A summary of the main users/non-users capabilities, limitations, and requirements (hereafter CLR) identified by populations that are more vulnerable will be the basis for understanding the most relevant needs threads: space, time and human factor. While space and time are traditional threads for capturing needs in transport and mobility (i.e. origin-destination, distance, time-saving etc.), the third thread ‘human contact’ appears as a new and clear need for the use of digital mobility and delivery solutions. A relevant number of inclusiveness requirements deals with this aspect that becomes a “must” for the extension of the inclusive digitalization in mobility. This chapter will conclude with the presentation of the most important insights in terms of capabilities, limitations and requirements that deal with the human contact factor.
Mainstreaming Sustainable Urban Mobility – The Mieri-Mobil Project
Authors: Abraham Michael , Schröder Carolin
Published: February 2023

In 2021, the Berlin district Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf offered residents various mobility options on a part of an urban square called Mierendorffplatz. The overall objective was to explore how people living at the square or in the closer neighbourhood could change their mobility habits to become more environmentally friendly. The test aimed at exploring how sustainable urban mobility can be successfully implemented on a wider scale in in other parts of the city - thus seeking to contribute to mainstreaming sustainable mobility planning in regular city-wide mobility planning processes.

This article describes results from evaluating the project: Implementing such exploratory living labs successfully and without excluding specific user groups, depends on the integration of knowledge and resources of both the local governing bodies and civil society. This puts a focus on the question of accessibility of urban space and on the need to re-organize it differently if sustainability criteria should be met.

It concludes that sustainable forms of mobility need to become more demand-orientated and that different legal and economic frameworks are necessary to make it a real alternative for everybody. These two aspects will be elaborated. The findings are based on empiric evaluation and validated through consultations with high-ranking experts.
Supporting brain health in multiple sclerosis: exploring the potential of neuroeducation combined with practical mindfulness exercises in the management of neuropsychological symptoms
Authors: Baetge Sharon Jean , Filser Melanie , Renner Alina , Raithel Lina Marie , Lau Stephanie , Pöttgen Jana , Penner Iris-Katharina
Published: February 2023

Objective

We aimed at examining the effects of a known metacognitive training in MS (MaTiMS) and its modification with an additional neuroeducational module and mindfulness-based exercises (MaTiMS-modified) on neuropsychiatric and cognitive outcomes in people with progressive multiple sclerosis (pwpMS). Exploratively, we investigated whether the modification may show an additional benefit.

Methods

Both interventions were administered in small groups of ambulatory patients. Neuropsychological testing before and after the 3- to 4-week intervention phase comprised patient reported outcomes and cognitive tests. After 3, 6 and 12 months, participants completed online surveys. Analysis of change scores (between baseline and retest) witht-tests (Mann–WhitneyUand Wilcoxon tests, respectively) and mixed ANCOVAs with repeated measures for comparison of both interventions were conducted.

Results

A total of 65 pwpMS turned to a final sample of 50 (n = 15 excluded due to drop-outs, occurrence of relapse or steroid treatment). Change scores withinMaTiMSrevealed no significant effect on the PDQ-20 total score and only a significant effect on the subscale retrospective memory lasting 3 months with a moderate effect size. In contrast,MaTiMS-modifiedrevealed a highly significant change in PDQ-20 total compared to baseline and significant improvements with small to moderate effect sizes on all PDQ-20 subscales (lasting until 3 months), in self-efficacy, stress, visuo-spatial working memory (moderate effect sizes), and fatigue (small effect size). While no interaction effect between time and group could be revealed, a significant main effect for time was found in PDQ-20 total.

Conclusion

BothMaTiMSandMaTiMS-modifiedpositively affected perceived cognitive deficits. However, our data speak in favor of additional benefits by adding neuroeducational and mindfulness-based exercises thus being valuable methods to support brain health including self-efficacy, perceived stress, and fatigue, even in patients with a chronic and progressive brain disease.
Using flash glucose monitoring in pregnancies in routine care of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot study
Authors: Bastobbe Sophie , Heimann Yvonne , Schleußner Ekkehard , Groten Tanja , Weschenfelder Friederike
Published: February 2023

Aim

Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) has been approved for the care of pregnant women with preexisting diabetes since 2017. However, its use in gestational diabetes (GDM) has been critically discussed. Inaccuracy and missing recommendations for target values are the main arguments against the use of FGM in GDM. To date, there is a lack of data to justify routine use of FGM in GDM pregnancies. Consequently, this new technology has been withheld from GDM-patients. Aim of our pilot study was to analyze the impact of FGM use on pregnancy outcomes, patient’s satisfaction and to confirm the safe use in GDM pregnancies.

Methods

Cohort study of 37 FGM-managed GDM pregnancies compared with 74 matched women using self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Group comparison using nonparametric testing concerning patients characteristic and perinatal outcome focusing on adverse outcomes (preeclampsia, preterm delivery, large for gestational age, C-sections, neonatal intensive care unit admission, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoglycemia). Evaluation of patient’s treatment satisfaction using the “Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire change” (DTSQc) and patient interviews.

Results

No significant differences in patient’s characteristics despite gestational age at diagnosis (FGM with 20 vs. SMBG with 25 weeks). No difference in gestational weight gain, HbA1c progression and perinatal outcome. Treatment satisfaction obtained by the DTSQc revealed a high level of satisfaction with FGM use.

Conclusion

FGM use was well accepted and did not affect perinatal outcome. Use of FGM during pregnancy is safe and non-inferior to the management with SBGM. FGM should be considered as an option in the management of GDM patients.
Machine learning models in clinical practice for the prediction of postoperative complications after major abdominal surgery
Authors: Stam Wessel T. , Ingwersen Erik W. , Ali Mahsoem , Spijkerman Jorik T. , Kazemier Geert , Bruns Emma R. J. , Daams Freek
Published: February 2023

Complications after surgery have a major impact on short- and long-term outcomes, and decades of technological advancement have not yet led to the eradication of their risk. The accurate prediction of complications, recently enhanced by the development of machine learning algorithms, has the potential to completely reshape surgical patient management. In this paper, we reflect on multiple issues facing the implementation of machine learning, from the development to the actual implementation of machine learning models in daily clinical practice, providing suggestions on the use of machine learning models for predicting postoperative complications after major abdominal surgery.
Energy generation forecasting: elevating performance with machine and deep learning
Authors: Mystakidis Aristeidis , Ntozi Evangelia , Afentoulis Konstantinos , Koukaras Paraskevas , Gkaidatzis Paschalis , Ioannidis Dimosthenis , Tjortjis Christos , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: February 2023

Distribution System Operators (DSOs) and Aggregators benefit from novel Energy Generation Forecasting (EGF) approaches. Improved forecasting accuracy may make it easier to deal with energy imbalances between production and consumption. It also aids operations such as Demand Response (DR) management in Smart Grid architecture. This work aims to develop and test a new solution for EGF. It combines various methodologies running EGF tests on historical data from buildings. The experimentation yields different data resolutions (15 min, one hour, one day, etc.) while reporting accuracy errors. The optimal forecasting technique should be relevant to a variety of forecasting applications in a trial-and-error manner, while utilizing different forecasting strategies, ensemble approaches, and algorithms. The final forecasting evaluation incorporates performance metrics such as coefficient of determination ($${R^{2}}$$

R
2

), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), presenting a comparative analysis of results.
Attention as Practice
Authors: Bombaerts Gunter , Anderson Joel , Dennis Matthew , Gerola Alessio , Frank Lily , Hannes Tom , Hopster Jeroen , Marin Lavinia , Spahn Andreas
Published: February 2023

The “attention economy” refers to the tech industry’s business model that treats human attention as a commodifiable resource. The libertarian critique of this model, dominant within tech and philosophical communities, claims that the persuasive technologies of the attention economy infringe on the individual user’s autonomy and therefore the proposed solutions focus on safeguarding personal freedom through expanding individual control. While this push back is important, current societal debates on the ethics of persuasive technologies are informed by a particular understanding of attention, rarely posited explicitly yet assumed as the default. They share the same concept of attention, namely an individualistic and descriptive concept of attention that is a cognitive process, an expendable resource, something that one should control individually. We step away from a negative analysis in terms of external distractions and aim for positive answers, turning to Buddhist ethics to formulate a critique of persuasive technology from a genuinely ethical perspective. Buddhist ethics points at our attention’s inescapable ethical and ontological embeddedness. Attention as practice requires “the right effort” to distinguish desirable and undesirable states, the “right concentration” to stop the flow we are caught in, and the “right mindfulness” to fortify the ability to attend to the present situation and keep in mind a general sense of life’s direction. We offer input for further philosophical inquiry on attention as practice and attention ecology. We put forward comfort/effort and individualism/collectivism as two remaining central tensions in need of further research.
Revisiting Salvucci’s Semi-analytical Solution for Bare Soil Evaporation with New Consideration of Vapour Diffusion and Film Flow
Authors: Mathias Simon A. , Sander Graham C. , Leung Jessica , Newall Samuel R.
Published: February 2023

Bare soil evaporation is controlled by a combination of capillary flow, vapour diffusion and film flow. Relevant analytical solutions mostly assume horizontal flow conditions and ignore gravitational effects. Salvucci (1997) provided a rare example of a semi-analytical solution for vertical bare soil evaporation. However, they did not explicitly represent vapour diffusion and film flow, which are likely to account for a significant proportion of total flow during vertical evaporation from soils. Vapour diffusion and film flow can be incorporated via Salvucci’s desorptivity parameter, which represents the proportionality constant relating Stage 2 cumulative evaporation to the square root of time under horizontal flow conditions. The objective of this article is to implement vapour diffusion and film flow within Salvucci’s semi-analytical solution and test its performance by comparison with isothermal numerical simulation and relevant experimental data. The following important conclusions are drawn. Analytical solutions that assume horizontal flow conditions are inadequate for understanding vertical evaporation problems because they overestimate evaporation rates and mostly predict vapour diffusion and film flow to be of negligible influence. Salvucci’s semi-analytical solution is effective at predicting the order-of-magnitude reduction in evaporation caused by gravitational effects. However, it is unable to identify the correct importance of vapour diffusion and film flow because these processes can only be represented through its desorptivity parameter.
Breakthrough: a first-in-class virtual simulator for dose optimization of ACE inhibitors in translational cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Schneider Benjamin K. , Ward Jessica , Sotillo Samantha , Garelli-Paar Catherine , Guillot Emilie , Prikazsky Marc , Mochel Jonathan P.
Published: February 2023

The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-systems (RAAS) play a central role in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure (CHF), justifying the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) in dogs and humans with cardiac diseases. Seminal studies in canine CHF had suggested that the pharmacological action of benazepril was relatively independent of doses greater than 0.25 mg/kg P.O, thereby providing a rationale for the European labeled dose of benazepril in dogs with CHF. However, most of these earlier studies relied on measures of ACE activity, a sub-optimal endpoint to characterize the effect of ACEi on the RAAS. The objectives of this study were (i) to expand on previous mathematical modeling efforts of the dose-exposure–response relationship of benazepril on biomarkers of the RAAS which are relevant to CHF pathophysiology and disease prognosis; and (ii) to develop a software implementation capable of simulating clinical trials in benazepril in dogs bedside dose optimization. Our results suggest that 0.5 mg/kg PO q12h of benazepril produces the most robust reduction in angiotensin II and upregulation of RAASalternative pathwaybiomarkers. This model will eventually be expanded to include relevant clinical endpoints, which will be evaluated in an upcoming prospective trial in canine patients with CHF.
Novel, Validated 5-Point Photonumeric Scales for Assessment of the Neck and Décolleté
Authors: Kerscher Martina , Green Jeremy , Day Doris , Ogilvie Alexandra , Pavicic Tatjana , Lim Tingsong , Hayano Windie , Lorenc Z Paul , Hernandez Claudia , Frank Konstantin , Moellhoff Nicholas , Prinz Valentina , Cajkovsky Mia , Pooth Rainer
Published: February 2023

Background

There is a scarcity of scales that assess platysmal bands, wrinkles in the décolleté, and horizontal neck lines in the digital and live setting.

Objectives

The objective of this investigation was to create and validate 5-point photonumeric scales that assess horizontal neck lines, platysmal bands, and wrinkles in the décolleté.

Methods

A medical team created 3 different novel 5-point photonumeric scales for the assessment of horizontal neck lines, platysmal bands, and décolleté wrinkling. Eleven international raters were involved in the digital validation, and 4 raters performed a live validation.

Results

The Croma (Leobendorf, Austria) Horizontal Neck Lines Assessment Scale showed substantial interrater agreement and almost perfect intrarater agreement in the digital and live validations, respectively. The Croma Platysmal Bands Assessment Scale showed substantial intrarater agreement in both digital and live validations. For the décolleté, a static scale and a dynamic scale were created and validated. The Croma Static Décolleté Wrinkles Assessment Scale showed substantial and almost perfect interrater agreement in the digital and live validations, respectively, and the intrarater agreement in both was almost perfect. The Croma Dynamic Décolleté Wrinkles Assessment Scale showed almost perfect agreement in both validation settings for both interrater and intrarater measures.

Conclusions

The Croma Horizontal Neck Lines Assessment Scale and the Croma Static and Dynamic Décolleté Wrinkles Assessment Scales have sufficient interrater and intrarater agreement for justifiable use in clinical and research settings.