bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upaya dan Peran ASEAN dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Laut China Selatan
Authors: Hermawan Bangun Budi
Published: February 2021

This research examines the role of ASEAN as a regional organization, in handling South China Sea (SCS) disputes and the problems faced by ASEAN as a community in handling SCS disputes with the substance of the legal issues to be studied in this research, this research is designed as a non-doctrinal legal research which is supported by secondary data. All research results are sought to relate to one another by using deduction and induction reasoning and then the existing legal materials are analyzed qualitatively so that the conclusions are generated to provide prescriptions. In accordance The research results explain that ASEAN's role in handling SCS disputes lies in ASEAN's ability as a regional organization to try to ensure that SCS dispute resolution is carried out through diplomatic mechanisms, compliance with international law and avoiding the use of force that reflects the implementation of the "ASEAN Way"
Community Based Tourism dalam Menyongsong New Normal Desa Wisata Bali
Authors: Eka Krisna Yanti A.A. Istri
Published: February 2021

This research is entitled "Community Based Tourism in Welcoming the New Normal Tourism Village in Bali Province". This research was motivated by the economic crisis that occurred in Bali Province, due to the outbreak of the corona virus. For the Province of Bali, tourism is the leading sector of the Balinese economy because the majority of Balinese people depend on the tourism industry directly or indirectly. The outbreak of the corona virus throughout the world has caused countries in the world to implement various policies to limit the space for their people, which have implications for the decline in tourism activities in Bali. Bali has 116 Tourism Villages which are now excellent tourist destinations amid the Covid- 19 pandemic. Tourist villages offer natural beauty more ideally visited in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic compared to other tourist destinations. However, it turns out that until now the local government of the province of Bali has not had a norm in the formation of a tourist village, which implies difficulties in developing a Tourism Village, so it is necessary to construct norms that specifically regulate tourism villages by implementing the concept of community based tourism that promotes community participation. The formulation of the problem in this study, namely; 1. What is the authority of the Regional Government in developing the Tourism Village in Bali Province? 2. How is the development of a tourism village based on the concept of community based tourism in welcoming the new normal of Bali tourism? In this study, it is known that the local government of the province of Bali has the authority to construct tourism village norms as a guideline for organizing tourist villages in Bali Province. The provincial government of Bali is expected to form a Regional Regulation as a guideline for regencies / cities in developing tourist villages so that they can realize the tourism implementation objectives contained in article 4 of Law no. 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism.
Tata Cara Pemungutan Pajak dalam Perpektif Hukum Pajak
Authors: Suastika I Nengah
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze the tax collection system, tax collection principles and tax collection system from a tax law perspective. This study is a normative juridical study to examine existing legal norms which are derived from statutory regulations. The data collection technique was carried out by means of literature study with the literature study guideline instrument that was developed independently. The data analysis technique is carried out descriptively, which begins with collecting data, reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of the analysis show that the tax collection system can be divided into three, namely the real system, the fictitious system and the mixed system. The principle of tax collection consists of the principle of domicile, the principle of source and the principle of nationality. The tax collection system consists of an official assessment system, a semi self-assessment system, a full self-assessment system and a withholding system. Based on the Indonesian tax law, the tax collection system uses the real system. Meanwhile, the principle of tax collection uses the principle of domicile, the principle of source and the principle of nationality. The tax collection system uses a self-assessment system where the taxpayer fills in according to statutory provisions.
APLIKASI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK MIKROHIDRO UNTUK PENERANGAN LINGKUNGAN MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN CIWIDEY KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: - Bahtiar, A. , - Hidayat, D. , - Mindara, J.M. , - Syakir, N , - Wibawa, B.M.
Published: February 2021

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro atau PLTMH merupakan suatu sistem pembangkit listrik skala kecil yangmenggunakan tenaga air sebagai tenaga penggeraknya seperti, saluran irigasi, sungai atau air terjun alam dengancara memanfaatkan ketinggian dan debit air. Semakin tinggi ketinggian dan debit air maka semakin besar energiair yang dapat diubah menjadi energi listrik Mikrohidro dapat pula memanfaatkan ketinggian air yang tidak terlalubesar, misalnya dengan ketinggian air 2,5 meter untuk menghasilkan daya listrik 400 Watt. Relatif kecilnyaenergi yang dihasilkan mikrohidro dibandingkan dengan PLTA skala besar, PLTMH memiliki implikasi pada relatifsederhananya peralatan serta kecilnya areal yang diperlukan untuk instalasi, pengoperasian mikrohidro dan tidakmenimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan, sehingga cocok untuk menjangkau ketersediaan jaringan energi listrik di daerahdaerahterpencil dan pedesaan.Program PPM Prioritas ini membuat sistem PLTMH menggunakan selokan untuk pengairan sawah dan kebunsayuran dan mengaplikasikannya untuk lampu penerangan jalan di Kampung Tutugan, Kampung Tutugan, DesaCisondari Kecamatan Ciwidey Kabupaten Bandung. Lokasi tersebut dipilih, karena memiliki sungai yang mengalirdari pengunungan ke daerah lembah dan memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber PLTMH. Peneranganjalan terutama di malam hari sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan akses masyarakat dan pengguna jalan, karenaakses jalan menuju daerah tersebut sangat sempit dan melalui turunan serta tanjakan yang berbelok dan curam serta rawankecelakaan. PLTMH yang dikembangkan menggunakan sistem turbin yang diputar dengan air yang disalurkandari selokan melalui pipa dengan ketinggian 20 meter dan kemiringan 30 derajat, sehingga mampu menghasilkandaya listrik diatas 300 Watt. Lampu penerangan yang sudah terpasang adalah sebanyak 10 buah dengan daya 100 Wattdan sisanya masih dapat digunakan untuk peralatan listrik lain. Penerangan ini diharapkan mampu meningkatkanakses masyarakat ke daerah tersebut terutama pada malam hari. Masih diperlukan optimasi sistem turbin untukmeningkatkan daya listrik luaran yang dihasilkan. kata Kunci: Pembangkit listrik, tenaga mikrohidro, energi listrik-daerah terpencil, ramah lingkungan
PENYULUHAN TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS BERAS PANDANWANGI CIANJUR JAWA BARAT SEBAGAI WUJUD SUMBANGSIH UNISBA DALAM MENINGKATKAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA (IPM)
Authors: Ramli Tatty A. Ramli , Sumiyati Yety
Published: February 2021

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MEMBANGUN SEMANGAT KEWIRAUSAHAAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI DESA JATI KECAMATAN CIPUNAGARA KABUPATEN SUBANG
Authors: - Hendra , Purnomo Margo
Published: February 2021

The result of the identification is done through observation , interviews and recommendations KKNM students showed that the problems that arise in the village of Jati subdistrict Cipunagara Subang Regency is the issue of waste management . Through extension and advisory team is working to increase public awareness, especially in enacting the trash , build entrepreneurial spirit in managing waste and the establishment of waste management . The monitoring results show that the waste management in  the village of Jati subdistrict Cipunagara begin to be realized although only up to the stage of increasing awareness of the public to dispose of waste in TPS and effort waste management in realizing the implementation of waste management through socialization, manufacture garbage bins, attempt of procurement and transportation of garbage , and the source setup power waste manager .
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS FOR 14 FISH SPECIES OF NAPO RIVER BASIN, PERUVIAN AMAZON
Authors: GARCIA-AYALA James Raúl , BRAMBILLA Eduardo Meneguzzi , DAVID Gianmarco Silva , SÁNCHEZ RIVEIRO Homero
Published: February 2021

This work presents the length-weight relationships of 14 species of fish of the Napo River basin. Fish collections were carried out between 2012 and 2014, using gill nets and seine. A total of 1896 specimens, belonging to 14 species and five orders were analyzed. The allometric coefficient b ranged from 2.69 to 3.78. A new record of length-weight relationship is presented for Curimata cisandina (Allen, 1942). The comparisons with other Amazonian studies indicated differences in the parameters a and b of LWR with this study for the species Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818), Roeboides myersii Gill, 1870 and Pellona castenaena Valenciennes, 1847 and only parameter b for Psectrogaster amazonica. The results presented in this work contribute to a better knowledge of fish resources in the region of the Peruvian Amazon, especially in the Napo River basin.
HUELLA DE CARBONO DE LA VENTA DEL FRUTO Y LA PRODUCCIÓN DE BEBIDAS Y HELADOS DE AGUAJE (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE UCAYALI, PERÚ
Authors: GARCÍA-SORIA Diego Gonzalo , DELGADO-SAENZ Jorge , REVILLA-CHÁVEZ Jorge Manuel , ÁGUILA-PASQUEL Jhon del , HONORIO-CORONADO Eurídice , DEL CASTILLO-TORRES Dennis , GUERRA-ARÉVALO Wilson Francisco , GARCÍA-PEIXOTO Enrique
Published: February 2021

Se estimó la huella de carbono de la venta del fruto, la producción de bebidas y helados de aguaje. El estudio se realizó en la ciudad de Pucallpa, distrito de Callería, donde se venden los productos del aguaje y en el caserío Túpac Amaru, distrito de Manantay donde se extraen los frutos del aguaje, ambos lugares ubicados en la provincia de Coronel Portillo, departamento de Ucayali. Se estudió la huella de carbono de todas las fases de la comercialización de los frutos, así como de la producción de bebidas y helados de aguaje, para lo cual se colectó información sobre las emisiones de CO2, a través de encuestas realizadas a 46 productores. Se estimó que la huella de carbono de la venta del fruto de aguaje fue de 0,07031 KgCO2eq por cada fruto obtenido talando la palmera y puesto en los centros de venta minoristas de la ciudad de Pucallpa. Las emisiones fueron menores cuando el fruto fue aprovechado sin talar la palmera, reduciendo la huella de carbono en un 83,53 %, es decir, emitiendo solo 0,001158 KgCO2eq por fruto de aguaje. Las huellas de carbono de un vaso de bebida de aguaje de 250 ml y del helado de aguaje de 75 ml fueron mayores, obteniéndose valores de 0,89317 y 0,0887 KgCO2eq, respectivamente. Por lo tanto, existe la necesidad de impulsar el aprovechamiento sostenible del aguaje utilizando tecnología que permitan subir las palmeras sin tener que talarla. Dicha tecnología deberá ser aceptada por los pobladores que realizan la extracción y favorecida por los consumidores finales.
DIVERSIDAD DE AVES EN EL INTERFLUVIO NAPO-PUTUMAYO-AMAZONAS, AL NORTE DE LA AMAZONÍA PERUANA
Authors: ANGULO-PEREZ Natalia C. , ARMAS-SILVA José A. , PÉREZ-PEÑA Pedro E.
Published: February 2021

El estudio de los hábitats de la avifauna es fundamental para comprende los patrones de abundancia, diversidad y distribución de las especies. Por ello, se revisó bibliografía y bases de datos generadas en estudios donde se usaron transectos y redes de neblina para conocer la riqueza ornitológica en el interfluvio Napo-Putumayo-Amazonas, su composición por tipos de hábitats, especies amenazadas y principales amenazas. Se analizó la riqueza observada y esperada, así como la similitud entre los hábitats inundables (varillal pantanoso y aguajal mixto) y de tierra firme (colina baja, terraza alta y terraza media). Se compiló el registro de 558 especies, que representan más del 50 % de las especies estimadas para Loreto, siendo los bosques de colina baja los que presentan la mayor riqueza de especies. La composición de especies varía por tipo de hábitat inundable y de tierra firme, pero comparten especies, siendo la terraza media la que alberga especies de bosque inundable y tierra firme. Las familias Thamnophilidae, Tyrannidae y Furnariidae son las que están mejor representadas en todos los hábitats. La avifauna es muy diversa y alberga especies únicas, amenazadas y potenciales para el aviturismo. Lamentablemente, la zona también tiene amenazas que ponen en peligro la supervivencia de las aves, como la pérdida de hábitats por la deforestación, por la agricultura migratoria, cultivo de Erythroxylum coca y/o industria maderera, tráfico de especies y sobrecaza, por lo que es importante implementar planes de manejo de especies, planes de conservación de hábitats prioritarios o planes turísticos que garanticen la conservación de la avifauna.
SOPORTE DE Ricinus communis (HIGUERILLA) EN EL RENDIMIENTO DE Phaseolus vulgaris L. (FREJOL), EN LA REGIÓN SAN MARTÍN, PERÚ
Authors: ALVARADO RAMÍREZ Jaime Walter , QUIÑONES VÁSQUEZ Nelson Milciades , VALLEJOS TORRES Geomar , FACHÍN RUIZ Grecia Vanessa , KOCH DUARTE Christian , REÁTEGUI ESPINOZA Willy Richard , DÁVILA-TAFUR Keisy , VÁSQUEZ BARDALES Joel
Published: February 2021

Se evaluó el soporte de las ramas de la higuerilla (Ricinus communis L.) en el rendimiento del frejol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variedad Huasca Poroto en las comunidades nativas de Alto Shamboyacu y Chunchiwi, región San Martín. Se utilizó el Diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar, con cuatro tratamientos y tres bloques. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron: T0 (frejol con maíz, testigo), T1 (todas las ramas de higuerilla sin podar asociado con frejol), el T2 (higuerilla podada y la formación de dos ramas de higuerilla asociado con frejol) y T3 (higuerilla podada y la formación de tres ramas de higuerilla asociado con frejol). Las variables evaluadas en ambas comunidades fueron: área foliar (cm2), longitud de vaina (cm), número de vainas por planta, altura de planta (m), número de semillas por vaina, peso promedio de semillas (g), rendimiento (kg/ha-1) y análisis económico. En ambas comunidades, el tratamiento (T3) (higuerilla podada con tres ramas asociada con frejol), brindó mejor soporte al crecimiento del frejol, alcanzando mayor rendimiento y beneficio económico (p<0,05) con 1709,18 y 1367,37 kg /ha y con 0,22 y 0,03 B/C. Se demuestra que el soporte de la higuerilla con tres ramas proporciona mejor sostenibilidad e incrementa la producción del frejol; la asociación frejol e higuerilla hacen posible una mayor rentabilidad y mayores beneficios económicos para los pobladores de las zonas estudiadas.
El funcionario interino: entre la temporalidad y la estabilidad
Authors: Fuentetaja  Pastor Jesús ángel
Published: February 2021

Aunque la situación jurídica de los funcionarios interinos se caracteriza por su temporalidad, la regulación y la gestión de esta clase de empleado público generan situaciones de estabilidad no sólo al limitar la potestad de la Administración para finalizar las relaciones jurídicas interinas sino también al favorecer la prolongación de su duración.
Síntesis de la jurisprudencia casacional sobre Empleo Público más significativa del año 2020
Authors: Chaves García José Ramón , Rastrollo Suárez Juan José
Published: February 2021

A lo largo de la presente sección presentamos una síntesis de la jurisprudencia casacional sobre Empleo Público más significativa del año 2020.
AUTOMATION OF ASSEMBLY OPERATION BASED ON DUAL-ARM ROBOT
Authors: Vagas Marek , Dusan Simsik
Published: February 2021

Urgency of the research. Automation as a whole, together with increasing of demands from customer push companies at all levels to the implementation of new and innovative solutions of robotic devices. This reason we consider as sufficient for realization of special customized solution for deployment at assembly operations. Target setting. Purpose of article is to give an example how to increase a level of automation based on specific requirements that consists from assembly area. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Actual research is nowadays focused at such problematics, because return of investments based on robotic devices seems to be reliable and people at workplace can realize and focus to another type of tasks. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Specific automated solution based on dual arm robot implementation into the assembly process brings us a new possibility for assembly flow realization together with required assembly sequence for whole operation.
The research objective. The aim of article is to provide an idea how to automate such manual assembly tasks with focus to robotic devices implementation. The statement of basic materials. For realization of automated solutions is good to have a suitable material how to solve assembly sequence and assembly process. Conclusions. Published article presents an innovative idea for dual arm robot implementation into the assembly process. Proposed assembly sequence based on human – robot cooperation at this specific workplace gives an example and view how automation of assembly processes can be solved.
SIMULATION AND ANALYZES OF INVERSE-KINEMATIC MODEL OF HUMANOID ROBOT HAND
Authors: Varga Martin , Filakovský Filip , Virgala Ivan
Published: February 2021

Urgency of the research. Nowadays robotics and mechatronics come to be mainstream. With development in these areas also grow computing fastidiousness. Since there is significant focus on numerical modeling and algorithmization in kinematic and dynamic modeling. Target setting. Suitable approach for numerical modeling is important from the view of time consumption as well as stability of computing. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Designing and modeling of humanoid robots have high interest in the field of robotics. The hardware and mechanical design of robots is on significantly higher level in comparison with software of robots. So, modeling and control of robots is in the interest of researchers. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Comparison of methods for numerical modeling of inverse kinematics.
The research objective. Comparing four methods from the view of performance and stability. The statement of basic materials. This paper investigates the area of kinematic modeling of humanoid robot hand and simulation in MATLAB. Conclusions. The paper investigated inverse kinematic model approaches. There were analyzed pseudoinverse method, transpose of Jacobian method, damped least squares method as an optimization method. The results of the simulations show the advantages of optimization method. During the simulations it never fail in comparison with other tested methods.
МІЖРІВНЕВИЙ БАЛАНС: ПОКАЗНИКИ СТРУКТУРИ, ІНТЕНСИВНОСТІ ТА КООРДИНАЦІЇ РУХУ ОДИНИЦЬ ОБ’ЄКТА – АГРЕГАТНА ФОРМА
Authors: Dubyagin Alexander , Gurуеv Volodymyr , Firsova Irina
Published: February 2021

Актуальність теми дослідження. Показники структури, інтенсивності та координації міжрівневого руху одиниць об’єкта, як одна з видових категорій показників міжрівневого балансу, забезпечують всебічну кількісну оцінку структурних зрушень керованого об’єкта, а також наслідків керуючого впливу на об’єкт щодо ознаки, вимірюваної в його одиниць у шкалі відношень. Постановка проблеми. Відповідні показники міжрівневого балансу, представлені до цього через його незважені (неагреговані) складові, не уможливлюють подібну оцінку. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Обчислення неагрегованих показників структури, інтенсивності та координації міжрівневого руху відбувається через значення чисельності рухомих і нерухомих одиниць об’єкта. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Оцінка наслідків керуючого впливу на структурований об’єкт, виконувана у значеннях вимірюваної ознаки й пояснювана міжрівневим пересуванням одиниць цього об’єкта. Постановка завдання. Сформулювати показники структури, інтенсивності та координації міжрівневого руху
в системі показників міжрівневого балансу шляхом формулювання правил їх обчислення в агрегатній формі. Виклад основного матеріалу. Представлення складових моделі міжрівневого балансу в агрегованому вигляді дає можливість оцінювати наслідки керуючого впливу на об’єкт на різних рівнях їх систематизації в моделі. Щодо всебічної характеристики результатів такого впливу та відповідних структурних зрушень об’єкта, в системі агрегованих показників балансу вагоме місце посідають показники структури, інтенсивності та координації міжрівневого руху одиниць об’єкта. Вони сформульовані як абсолютні, відносні та середні величини через сукупні значення ознаки, вимірюваної на тому чи іншому рівні в рухомих і нерухомих одиниць об’єкта. Висновки відповідно до статті. Запропоновані показники міжрівневого балансу мають важливе значення для оцінки наслідків та ефективності керуючого впливу на структурований об’єкт.
ПИТАННЯ ГНУЧКОСТІ ЛОГІЧНИХ ДЕРЕВ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ В ЗАДАЧАХ РОЗПІЗНАВАННЯ ОБРАЗІВ
Authors: Povkhan Igor
Published: February 2021

Актуальність теми дослідження. Сучасні тенденції розвитку теорії штучного інтелекту вимагають ефективних підходів та методів у задачах розпізнавання (класифікації) образів, але принциповою проблемою побудови логічних дерев класифікації є відсутність алгоритмів та методів, які б дозволили одноманітно описувати різні алгоритми розпізнавання у вигляді дерев класифікації. Робота присвячена проблемі логічних дерев класифікації. Запропоновано ефективний механізм донавчання та усунення помилок класифікації у структурі логічного дерева. Постановка проблеми. Нині відомі різні методи та алгоритми побудови логічних дерев класифікації, проте всі вони здебільшого зводяться до побудови одного дерева класифікації за даними початкової навчальної вибірки, а в літературі дуже мало алгоритмів побудови логічних дерев для вибірок великого об’єму. Зрозуміло, що це має під
собою об‘єктивні фактори, які пов‘язані з особливостями генерації таких складних структур, методиками роботи з ними та зберігання. Ця робота має намір хоча б частково подолати ці обмеження та присвячена розробці ефективного механізму донавчання та усунення помилок класифікації у структурі логічного дерева. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Були розглянуті останні публікації у відкритому доступі, які присвячені проблемі методів та алгоритмів логічних дерев класифікації в задачах розпізнавання образів. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Можливість ефективної та економної роботи запропонованого методу зміни структури логічного дерева з масивами навчальних вибірок великого об’єму. Постановка завдання. Розробка простого та якісного методу роботи з великими масивами початкових вибірок шляхом синтезу мінімальних форм дерев класифікації та розпізнавання, які забезпечують ефективну апроксимацію навчальної інформації.
Виклад основного матеріалу. Виявлення механізму, за допомогою якого можна було б будувати логічне дерево класифікації за неповною початковою інформацією (і за кількістю об‘єктів, і за кількістю ознак). Таке логічне дерево буде безпомилково розпізнавати частину навчальної вибірки, за якою побудоване дерево, а на інших наборах давати помилки (уникнення такої ситуації пропонується за рахунок застосування схеми алгоритму усунення помилок у структурі дерева). Висновки відповідно до статті. Запропонований метод донавчання та усунення помилок у структурі логічного дерева класифікації дає змогу працювати з навчальними вибірками великого об’єму та забезпечує високу швидкість та економність апаратних ресурсів у процесі генерації кінцевої схеми класифікації.
Assessment of composition and calcination parameters in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Fe–Mn–Ce/γ-Al2O3 nanocatalyst
Authors: Roknabadi Reza , Mirzaei Ali Akbar , Atashi Hossein
Published: February 2021

The effects of nanocatalyst composition and calcination parameters on the performance of the Fe–Mn–Ce ternary nanocatalysts supported on alumina granules in a laboratory fixed bed microreactor have been evaluated. Nanocatalysts were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation under vacuum method (simultaneous impregnation of metal species). The samples used for hydrogenation of carbon monoxide via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The optimum nanocatalyst composition for production of light olefins (C=2 – C=4) from synthesis gas is 75 wt%Fe–20 wt%Mn–5 wt%Ce. The calcination parameters (temperature, time and atmosphere) were investigated and their effects on the structure and performance of the nanocatalysts were determined. The maximum ratio of olefins/(methane + paraffin) and the best activity and selectivity belonged to the nanocatalyst which was calcined in static air at 500 °C for 7 h. The nanocatalyst precursors and calcined samples (fresh and used) were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, FE‒SEM, EDAX, MAP, TG, DSC, and H2–TPR. The present study results confirm that the structural, morphological and physic-chemical properties of the nanocatalyst have been impressed with metal species and calcination parameters.
Erythema nodosum as Leprosy reaction
Authors: Semenova Viktoria G. , Makarova Ludmila L. , Karamova Arfenya E.
Published: February 2021

Purpose.To present a clinical case of leprosy exacerbation on the background of ongoing therapy.

Materials and methods.A 52-year-old patient with a diagnosis of "lepromatous (cutaneous) leprosy, leprosy LL" (multi-bacterial leprosy, lepromatous form, active stage), has an exacerbation in the form of nodular erythema at 3.5 years after the start of treatment. Due to the exacerbation of the leprosy process, dexamethasone therapy was performed intravenously in a dose of 4 mg/ml 3.0 ml + 0.9% NaCl 200.0 ml daily No. 10.

Results. An exacerbation was diagnosed leprosy nodular erythema. The prescription of adequate therapy led to a complete regression of clinical manifestations.

Conclusion.The described case is presented in connection with the rarity of this dermatosis.
Systemic treatment of psoriasis: from methotrexate to biologics
Authors: Olisova Olga Yu. , Anpilogova Ekaterina M.
Published: February 2021

Psoriasis is one of the most frequent chronic inflammatory skin diseases and it has been of interest to many scientists for ages. The review presents data on all systemic treatment options, that are to date officially registered in Russian Federation for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Aspects of the mechanism of action, efficacy and tolerability of both basic drugs (methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin) and biologics (infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, certolizumab pegol, ustekinumab, guselkumab, secukinumab, ixekizumab, netakimab) and small molecules (tofacitinib, apremilast) are considered in detail. Special emphasis is placed on the important nuances of biological therapy: immunogenicity, drugs' survival and switch due to lack of efficacy. Invention of biologics signified a new era of moderate-to-severe psoriasis treatment. It became possible to achieve complete clinical remission more safely, which significantly improved the quality of life of patients. However, due to the unknown etiology of psoriasis, there is still no universal remedy that would allow to cure every patient, this fact makes scientists from all over the world keep conducting numerous clinical trials to find even more effective and safe therapeutic options.
Comparação das Técnicas Lichtenstein e Reparo Assistido por Robô para Herniorrafia Inguinal: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Miranda Tainara Sales , Queiroz Aline Trovão , Dyna Andressa Neves Rebello , Mariani Camila Ferreira , Da Conceição Deocárdio Cardoso Souto , Garioli Elisiane Rodrigues , Martins Leonardo Paiva , Lyra Letícia Cuzzuol , Borges Rafael dos Santos , Schwanz Rafael Veloso Starling
Published: February 2021

O presente estudo visa comparar as técnicas de Lichtenstein, padrão-ouro das técnicas abertas, de cirurgia de herniorrafia inguinal, realizada de forma livre de tensão e utilizando tela, e a técnica de Reparo Assistido por Robô (R-IHR), que se utiliza dos princípios cirúrgicos da técnica laparoscópica minimamente invasiva, permitindo reparo totalmente extraperitoneal, ou peritoneal transabdominal. As técnicas foram comparadas em relação complicações no geral, dor relacionada aos procedimentos, seromas e hematomas, infecção, inguinodinia, recidiva, curva de aprendizado, tempo de recuperação, reprodutibilidade e custo-benefício. Assim, observou-se que a técnica R-IHR apresenta vantagens como menor número de complicações e menos taxa de infecções, contudo, a mesma mostrou maior custo e maior incidência de inguinodinia, além de maior complexidade de aprendizado. Logo, corroborando com a premissa da Sociedade Brasileira de Hérnia, não existe uma técnica de herniorrafia universal. Devendo-se avaliar o método quanto às variáveis apresentadas e seu custo-benefício para a melhor escolha da técnica.
Supracerebellar infratentorial inverted subchoroidal approach to lateral ventricle lesions: Anatomical study and illustrative case
Authors: Abramov Irakliy , Zhao Xiaochun , Belykh Evgenii , Lawton Michael T. , Pitskhelauri David , Preul Mark C.
Published: February 2021

Background:

This study provides an anatomical description of a novel supracerebellar infratentorial inverted subchoroidal (SIIS) approach to the lateral ventricle. An illustrative case is presented in which this approach was used to simultaneously resect two tumors residing in the posterior fossa and lateral ventricle.

Methods:

The SIIS approach was performed on five cadaveric heads using microsurgical and endoscopic techniques. Target points were defined in the lateral ventricle, and quantitative analysis was performed to assess limits of exposure within the lateral ventricle. Two coronal reference planes corresponding to the anterior and posterior margins of the lateral ventricle body were defined. Distances from target points to reference planes were measured, and an imaging-based predicting system was provided according to obtained measurements to guide preoperative approach selection.

Results:

Mean (standard deviation) distances between the predefined target points indicating the anterior limits and the anterior plane were 9 (7.0) mm, 11 (5.8) mm, and 7 (5.1) mm; posterior limits had distances of 8 (3.0) mm, 17 (9.2) mm, 15 (9.2) mm, and 9 (7.2) mm to the posterior plane. Limiting factors of the choroidal fissure dissection were the venous angle anteriorly and thalamocaudate vein posteriorly. The position of the venous angle had a high negative correlation with the anterior exposure limit (r = –0.87, P < 0.001; r = –0.92, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

A step-by-step anatomical description of a new SIIS approach is given, and a quantitative description of the limits of the exposure is provided to evaluate the application of this approach.
Evaluation of a Basic Communication Skills Train-the-Trainer Program in a University Hospital Setting
Authors: KARABİLGİN ÖZTÜRKÇÜ Özlem Sürel , ÖNEN Özen , SAĞIN Hadi , GÜLBAHAR Okan , ÇİÇEKLİOĞLU Meltem
Published: February 2021

Background: Sustainable basic communication skills programs are important to increase the efficiency of health care personnels in the workplace. The purpose of this article is to present an evaluation of a Basic Communication Skills-Train-the-Trainer Program-BCS-TTP.Methods: This study was based on a pretest-posttest design. We targeted health care personnels in Ege University Medical Faculty Hospital-EUMFH. Forty-four volunteer health care personnels participated in the BCS-TTP, then applied Basic Communication Skills Course-BCSC to others. At the evaluation of the BCS-TTP was used via modified Kirkpatrick's-4-Level-Model. BCS-TTP participants completed the Session Assessment Form-SAF, Training Program Assessment Survey-TPAS for “Level-1:Reaction”. For “Level-2:Learning”, Pretest-Posttest Form-PPF was applied to BSC-TTP participants. In addition, the presentations prepared by the participants were evaluated and feedback was given. For “Level-3:Behavior”, it was examined in BCSC how the participants applied the knowledge and skills they learned at BCS-TTP. For this, 360 degree evaluation method was applied to BCSC participants. BCSC participants were asked to evaluate new trainers through SAF, TPAS, and the information they gained with PPF was measured. Eight new trainers were interviewed through the In-depth Interview Form.For “Level-4:Results”, the status of BCS-TTP participants who completed and left the program and the number of hospital staff trained by new trainers were examined.Results: It was found that BCS-TTP participants were satisfied with the sessions and the program (Level-1). It was observed that there was an increase in the knowledge and educational skills of BCS-TTP participants (Level-2). It was determined that BCSC participants were satisfied with the sessions, training program and trainers, and an increase in their learning levels.In-depth interviews showed that BCS-TTP was effective on transferring gained knowledge/skills into practice (Level-3). 26 of 44 participants were quitted from the program. 18-BCSC’s were run by 18- BCS-TTP participants; 190-staff had been trained by those new trainers (Level-4).Conclusions: The modified Kirkpatrick's-4-Level-Model is a workable instrument to evaluate the effectiveness of a BCS-TTP.
Additive-Free Formic Acid Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by a Cobalt Complex
Authors: Lentz Nicolas , Aloisi Alicia , Thuéry Pierre , Nicolas Emmanuel , Cantat Thibault
Published: February 2021

The reversible storage of hydrogen through the intermediate formation of Formic Acid (FA) is a promising solution to its safe transport and distribution. However, the common necessity of using bases or additives in the catalytic dehydrogenation of FA is a limitation. In this context, two new cobalt complexes (1 and 2) were synthesized with a pincer PP(NH)P ligand containing a phosphoramine moiety. Their reaction with an excess FA yields a cobalt(I)-hydride complex (3). We report here the unprecedented catalytic activity of 3 in the dehydrogenation of FA, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 4000 h-1 and a turnover number (TON) of 454, without the need for bases or additives. A mechanistic study reveals that the ligand has a non-innocent behaviour due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which is influenced by the concentration of formic acid
Folding in Place: Design of β-Strap Motifs to Stabilize the Folding of Hairpins with Long Loops
Authors: Richaud Alexis , zhao Guangkuan , Roche Stephane , Hobloss Samir
Published: February 2021

Despite their pivotal role in protein function and antibody binding affinity, β-hairpins bearing long non-canonical loops are a challenge to modern synthesis because of the large entropic penalty associated with their folding. Little is known about the contribution and impact of stabilizing motifs on the folding of β-hairpins of variable length and plasticity. Here we report a direct comparison between these b-straps thermodynamics and their thermal stability behavior using several local spectroscopic probes of the folding/unfolding landscape. The judicious cooperative interactions crafted in β-Strap RW(VW)•••(WV/H)WE (strap = strand + cap) greatly stabilized hairpins with up to 10-residue loops lacking an innate nucleating-turn locus (Tm up to 52 oC; 88 ± 1% folded at 291 K). The present design of novel β-straps aims to provide the foundation to study new classes of long hairpins and ultimately offer an attractive alternative to macrocyclic peptides for the mimicry of functional loops from proteins and antibodies.
Silicon-Vacancy Nanodiamonds as High Performance Near-Infrared Emitters for Live-Cell Dual-Color Imaging
Authors: Liu Weina , Liu Yan , Agafonov Viatcheslav N. , Qi Haoyuan , Koynov Kaloian , Davydov Valery A. , Uzbekov Rustem , Kaiser Ute , Lasser Theo , Jelezko Fedor , Weil Tanja
Published: February 2021

Intracellular imaging is limited by a short bleaching time of fluorescent molecules and particles. In our work we used nanodiamonds with silicon-vacancy centers (SiV) obtained by high-pressure high-temperature synthesis based on metal-catalyst-free growth. They are coated with a polypeptide biopolymer that allows efficient cellular uptake. Our results demonstrate that high photostability and narrow emission in the near-infrared region of nanodiamonds with SiV allow live-cell dual-color imaging and intracellular tracking. Such a system has broad potential applications, which is not limited to live-cell bioimaging, but also include diagnostic (SiV as a nanosized thermometer) and theranostic (nanodiamonds as drug carrier).
Mechanism of 8-Aminoquinoline Directed Ni-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Functionalization: Paramagnetic Ni(II) Species, and the Deleterious Effect of Na2CO3 as a Base
Authors: Liu Junyang , Johnson Samuel
Published: February 2021

Studies into the mechanism of 8-aminoquinoline-directed nickel-catalyzed C(sp3)–H arylation with iodoarenes are described, in an attempt to determine the catalyst resting state and optimize catalytic performance. Paramagnetic complexes are identified that are undergo the key C–H activation step. Hammett analysis using electronically different aryl iodides suggests a concerted oxidative addition mechanism for the C–H functionalization step; DFT calculations were also performed to support this finding. When Na2CO3 is used as the base the rate determination step for C–H functionalization appears to be 8-aminoquinoline deprotonation and binding to Ni. The carbonate anion was also observed to provide a deleterious NMR inactive low-energy off-cycle resting state in catalysis. Replacement of Na2CO3 with NaOtBu not only improved catalysis at milder conditions but also eliminated the need for carboxylic acid and phosphine additives.
Modelling Molecular Emitters in Organic Light Emitting Diodes with the Quantum Mechanical Bespoke Force Field
Authors: Yang Lupeng , Horton Joshua , Payne Michael C. , Penfold Thomas , Cole Daniel
Published: February 2021

Combined molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics (QM) simulation procedures have gained popularity in modelling the spectral properties of functional organic molecules. However, the potential energy surfaces used to propagate long-time scale dynamics in these simulations are typically described using general, transferable force fields designed for organic molecules in their electronic ground states. These force fields do not typically include spectroscopic data in their training, and importantly there is no general protocol for including changes in geometry or intermolecular interactions with the environment that may occur upon electronic excitation. In this work, we show that parameters tailored for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters used in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), in both their ground and electronically excited states, can be readily derived from a small number of QM calculations using the QUBEKit (QUantum mechanical BEspoke toolKit) software, and improve the overall accuracy of these simulations.
Copper–Ligand Cooperativity in H2 Activation Enables the Synthesis of Copper Hydride Complexes
Authors: Aloisi Alicia , Crochet Etienne , Nicolas Emmanuel , Berthet Jean-Claude , Lescot Camille , Thuéry Pierre , Cantat Thibault
Published: February 2021

Copper(I) complexes of a new participative triphosphane ligand (2H) have been prepared and structurally characterized, in particular [Cu(2H)I] and [Cu(2)]2. Hydrogenation of the latter species afforded the trimetallic hydride species [Cu3(2)2(µ-H)] or in the presence of BEt3, [Cu(2H)(HBEt3)]. Their formation evidences transient formation of [Cu(2H)H] formed by hydrogenolysis of the Cu‒

N bond of [Cu(2)]2. [Cu(2H)(HBEt3)] behaves like a hydride complex and inserts CO2 to yield the formate product [Cu(2H)(O2CH)].
Baremación del Inventario de Estrés Académico SISCO SV adaptado al contexto de COVID-19 en una población universitaria peruana
Authors: Alania-Contreras Rubén Darío , Chanca-Flores Aparicio , Condori-Apaza Marisol , Fabián Árias Eugenia , Rafaele de la Cruz Mauro , Ortega-Révolo Daniela Isabel Dayan , Roque-Pucuhuayla Diana Elizabeth , Villavicencio-Condori Ana Cecilia , Zorrilla-Zárate Adrián Johao
Published: February 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue baremar el Inventario de Estrés Académico SISCO SV adaptado al contexto de la crisis por COVID-19, la investigación instrumental fue de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico, nivel descriptivo y diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo simple. Tuvo como participantes a 974 estudiantes universitarios de la región Junín a quienes se aplicó el inventario en forma online. El instrumento fue validado bajo evidencia de constructo con el coeficiente de correlación r de Pearson corregida y análisis factorial confirmatorio; la confiabilidad fue excelente evaluada con el coeficiente de consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach (0.946); el baremo se estableció en base a la distribución estadística uniforme con tres categorías equiprobables: leve (0-78), moderado (79-157) y fuerte (158-235). En conclusión, se logró baremar con éxito el Inventario de Estrés Académico SISCO SV adaptado al contexto de la crisis por COVID-19, el mismo que permitirá evaluar e interpretar los niveles de estrés académico de la población de estudiantes universitarios.
Infracciones, penas y multas por maltrato animal en América Latina
Authors: Ortega Peñafiel Sebastián Andrés , Maldonado Cabrera María Diana , Bejarano Paz Leiner Geanella , Freire Goyes Victoria Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

Nuestra sociedad sufre distintos tipos de violencia, entre los cuales encontramos el maltrato de animales domésticos, hechos que por su naturaleza han permanecido gran tiempo en la impunidad por diversos aspectos como son: el considerar a los animales como cosas carentes de protección jurídica, la aplicación de sanciones pecuniarias y las leves penas privativas de libertad para los autores de las distintas conductas que van desde al abandono hasta la muerte del animal. La metodología a utilizar es la revisión bibliográfica en publicaciones recientes y documental con las distintas normas jurídicas propias de cada país referentes a la temática. El método utilizado es descriptivo - argumentativo, la recolección de la información parte con la utilización de base de datos, Radalyc, Proquest y Scopus. Resultados obtenidos constan en la tabla del análisis de las infracciones, sanciones y penas de América Latina por maltrato animal. Con las conclusiones se puede evidenciar que, en América Latina el maltrato animal es uno de los mayores problemas que enfrenta nuestra sociedad, se debe proteger a los animales como sujetos de derechos respetando su condición de vulnerabilidad. Discusión, para prevenir y erradicar el maltrato animal no solo basta normas sancionadoras, es importante la educación desde el hogar, centros educativos y sociedad.
STRUM-LIOUVILLE FORM AND OTHER IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED ORTHOGONAL BOUBAKER POLYNOMIALS
Authors: Ahmed Khoso Nazeer
Published: February 2021

In this paper, some classical properties of modified orthogonal Boubaker polynomials (MOBPs) are considered, which are: the three-term recurrence relation, Rodriguez formula, characteristic differential equation and the Strum-Liouville form. The only properties of the MOBPs known so far are orthogonality evidence, weight function, orthonormality evidence and zeros. The new properties established in this work will to the applicability of the MOBPs in different areas of science and engineering where the classical non-orthogonal Boubaker polynomials could be applied, and even in cases where these cannot be applied.
First-Year Accounting Student Teachers’ Perceptions of their Classroom Learning Environment
Authors: Mapuya Medson
Published: February 2021

This study assessed the perceptions of first-year accounting student teachers about their classroom learning environment. The study was prompted by studies which argue that the academic performance of students is correlated with their perceptions of the learning environment and the context in which teaching and learning takes place. The population for the study was first-year Accounting students at a university of technology in South Africa. The study employed a mixed-method approach, and data were collected from students using a Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) which covered 42 items. The findings from the quantitative part of the study revealed that the students view their learning environment positively. Evidence to this effect is demonstrated by the mean obtained in the categories of the learning environment which were all above three. The themes which emerged from the qualitative findings also corroborated the quantitative findings. However, the qualitative data further reveal that the students felt far away from issues directly related to their teaching and learning. Consequently, a more student-participative approach to the planning and designing of instruction is recommended to mitigate the identified challenges.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PEMAHAMAN PETUNJUK OPERASIONAL DALAM SOFTWARE APLIKASI LEAFLET DIGITAL DAN KEMAMPUAN MENGOPERASIKAN SOFTWARE APLIKASI LEAFLET DIGITAL
Authors: Wardani Theodora Indriati , Wibisono Arif , Wijonarko Wijonarko
Published: February 2021

Mata kuliah Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer terdiri atas teori dan praktek harus menguasai teori dulu sebelum mereka berpraktek. Teori diperoleh mahasiswa dari kuliah dilengkapi buku/diktat tentang leaflet digital. Di dalam lefalet digital itu terdapat petunjuk berbahasa Inggris dalam software aplikasi leaflet digital. Jadi, untuk mengoperasikan software aplikasi mahasiswa harus bisa memahami petunjuk berbahasa Inggris itu. Dengan memahami petunjuk itu diharapkan mahasiswa bisa berpraktek mengoperasikan software aplikasi leaflet digital untuk menghasilkan sesuatu yang printout-nya berupa teks dan gambar. Masalahnya ialah ada atau tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pemahaman atas petunjuk operasional berbahasa Inggris yang terdapat di dalam software aplikasi leaflet digital dan kemampuan mengoperasikan sofware aplikasi leaflet digital.           Untuk memecahkan masalah itu dilakukan penelitian ex post facto di Universitas PGRI Semarang, khususnya mahasiswa jurusan S1 Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi, Fakultas PMIPATI semester 6 yang sedang menempuh mata kuliah Interaksi Manusia dan Komputer. Mereka terdapat 2 kelas, setiap kelas rata-rata 15 orang mahasiswa. Untuk sasaran penelitian ini diambil 15 orang, sehingga jumlah mereka 30 orang. Dalam penelitian ini ada 2 jenis data, yaitu: (1) data tentang kemampuan memahami petunjuk operasional berbahasa Inggris yang ada di dalam software aplikasi leaflet digital, dan (2) data tentang kemampuan mengoperasikan software aplikasi leaflet digital. Data tentang kemampuan mengoperasikan software aplikasi diperoleh dengan tugas, sedangkan data tentang kemampuan memahami petunjuk operasional berbahasa Inggris  dalam software aplikasi leaflet digital diperoleh dengan tet objektif.          Hasil uji korelasi ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara skor nilai kemampuan memahami petunjuk operasional berbahasa Inggris yang terdapat di dalam sofware aplikasi leaflet digital dan skor nilai kemampuan mengoperasikan software aplikasi leaflet digital. Hubungan keduanya kuat.