bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Star Formation in Radio Survey: Jansky Very Large Array 33 GHz Observations of Nearby Galaxy Nuclei and Extranuclear Star-forming Regions
Authors: Murphy E. J. , Dong D. , Momjian E. , Linden S. , Kennicutt R. C. , Meier D. S. , Schinnerer E. , Turner J. L.
Published: February 2018

We present 33 GHz imaging for 112 pointings toward galaxy nuclei and extranuclear star-forming regions at ≈2″ resolution using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) as part of the Star Formation in Radio Survey. A comparison with 33 GHz Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope single-dish observations indicates that the interferometric VLA observations recover 78% ± 4% of the total flux density over 25″ regions (≈kpc scales) among all fields. On these scales, the emission being resolved out is most likely diffuse non-thermal synchrotron emission. Consequently, on the ≈30–300 pc scales sampled by our VLA observations, the bulk of the 33 GHz emission is recovered and primarily powered by free–free emission from discrete H ii regions, making it an excellent tracer of massive star formation. Of the 225 discrete regions used for aperture photometry, 162 are extranuclear (i.e., having galactocentric radii r
G ≥ 250 pc) and detected at >3σ significance at 33 GHz and in Hα. Assuming a typical 33 GHz thermal fraction of 90%, the ratio of optically-thin 33 GHz to uncorrected Hα star formation rates indicates a median extinction value on ≈30–300 pc scales of A
Hα
 ≈ 1.26 ± 0.09 mag, with an associated median absolute deviation of 0.87 mag. We find that 10% of these sources are “highly embedded” (i.e., A
Hα
 ≳ 3.3 mag), suggesting that on average, H ii regions remain embedded for ≲1 Myr. Finally, we find the median 33 GHz continuum-to-Hα line flux ratio to be statistically larger within r
G < 250 pc relative to the outer disk regions by a factor of 1.82 ± 0.39, while the ratio of 33 GHz to 24 μm flux densities is lower by a factor of 0.45 ± 0.08, which may suggest increased extinction in the central regions.
Vanadium Transitions in the Spectrum of Arcturus
Authors: Wood M. P. , Sneden C. , Lawler J. E. , Hartog E. A. Den , Cowan J. J. , Nave G.
Published: February 2018

We derive a new abundance for vanadium in the bright, mildly metal-poor red giant Arcturus. This star has an excellent high-resolution spectral atlas and well-understood atmospheric parameters, and it displays a rich set of neutral vanadium lines that are available for abundance extraction. We employ a newly recorded set of laboratory FTS spectra to investigate any potential discrepancies in previously reported V i log(gf) values near 900 nm. These new spectra support our earlier laboratory transition data and the calibration method utilized in that study. We then perform a synthetic spectrum analysis of weak V i features in Arcturus, deriving log ε(V) = 3.54 ± 0.01 (σ = 0.04) from 55 lines. There are no significant abundance trends with wavelength, line strength, or lower excitation energy.
De l’œuvre à faire dans les parcours d’ados difficiles et autres incasables
Authors: Deries Béatrice , Grand David
Published: February 2018

On les catégorise «  ados difficiles » ou «  incasables ». Mais qui sont-ils au juste ? Quelles sont les dynamiques de leurs trajectoires biographiques et interinstitutionnelles ? À partir de la présentation et de l’analyse croisées de deux cas, notre article vise à questionner les certitudes et à rouvrir des possibles quant à la considération et à l’accompagnement de ces jeunes.
Le temps de la rencontre : un espace en psychomotricité ?
Authors: Manouvrier Mathilde
Published: February 2018

Travailler avec un enfant, un adolescent ou même un adulte dans le soin signifie travailler « pour » eux, mais aussi et surtout un travail « sur » eux. Ces prépositions, fondamentales, permettent de situer le soin par rapport au sujet. L’espace et le temps, notions essentielles au psychomotricien, ont également cette fonction de repère. Dans le cadre de séances en psychomotricité, la nécessité de prendre le temps pour rencontrer le sujet, en tant que clinicien, avant de le « mettre au travail », corporellement parlant, est primordiale. Mais « rencontrer » le sujet n’est-il pas déjà une mise au travail de ce dernier ? Exemple avec Léa, une enfant suivie en psychomotricité.
Élaboration de violences agies ou subies en groupe de formation
Authors: Sirota André , Curbilié Camille
Published: February 2018

En groupe de formation ou dans une instance d’accompagnement d’une équipe de travail, il arrive que des propos dits par autrui soient reçus par nous comme des projectiles envoyés pour nous faire mal, nous déstabiliser, nous humilier, nous diminuer, voire nous anéantir. Selon les cas ou notre formation, nous pouvons être formateur, accompagnateur d’un groupe ou, par exemple, psychothérapeute ou analyste de groupe. Dans ces différentes occurrences, il peut arriver que nous nous sentions pris délibérément pour cible. Comme ce que nous recevons pour attaque peut ne pas en être une, nous avons à explorer et à comprendre ce qui est mobilisé en nous quand différentes expressions font violence au plus grand nombre ou quand nous nous ressentons personnellement visé. Dans cet article, les auteurs montrent qu’une interpellation ressentie comme une « attaque » narcissique intime peut recouvrir et masquer d’autres visées. Le sens d’une attaque du cadre, de l’objet, de la tâche, du groupe, ou de la personne qui en est le principal garant, peut se révéler à nous, si nous avons le courage du travail psychique de l’après-coup. Il exige de nous la reconnaissance de nos projections propres, que l’on nomme transféro--contre-transférentielles quand on se réfère à la psychanalyse. Comprendre ce qui advient en soi permet de restaurer sa disponibilité psychique à autrui et à plus d’un autre.
The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Less-Developed Countries
Authors: Li Chengchun , Tanna Sailesh K.
Published: February 2018

This chapter analyses a number of economic and developmental issues in less-developed countries (LDCs), reviewing the related literature and outlining the challenges ahead for LDCs. The issues considered include foreign direct investment (FDI) policies, recent trends on growth, civil conflict, institutional development, financial sector development, external debt, and other macroeconomic factors. These are identified as pertinent areas where LDCs have faced major challenges in their endeavours to improve economic welfare since they are related to the absorptive capacities, which are important for accruing growth benefits from inward FDI in LDCs. It is anticipated that coverage of these issues will enlighten the issues that these countries face in order to attract and utilise inward FDI. Additionally, it is argued that LDCs can avoid the risk of civil conflict by adopting proactive policies to attract FDI.
Econometric Analysis of India's Foreign Direct Investment Inflows
Authors: Bhowmik Debesh
Published: February 2018

In this chapter, the author explains the trend lines, random walk, stationary, structural breaks, and volatility of FDI inflows in India during 1971-2015. Both log linear and exponential trends are significant. FDI inflows are stationary and showed four structural breaks in 1985, 1994, 2000, and 2006. The author found the relation among FDI inflows, growth rate, interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate, fiscal deficit, external debt, and trade openness with the help of Granger causality, Johansen cointegration test, and vector error correction models. Trace statistic has four cointegrating equations, and Max Eigen statistic has three cointegrating equations. The speed of the vector error correction process is more or less slow except for change in interest rate and change in inflation rate, which are significant where VECM is stable and diverging. Limitations and future scope of research is added. Policy recommendations are also included.
Certification and Endorsement in Gifted and Talented Education
Authors: Cannaday Jessica
Published: February 2018

Although endorsement and certification in gifted was a prevalent topic in the 1970s and 1980s, certification and endorsement needs for gifted and talented education (GATE) teachers has not been discussed extensively in the recent literature. This chapter provides an updated look at endorsement and certification through a review of teacher, parent, student, school counselor, and mental health professional perceptions regarding training needs in gifted education. Thematically, identification and characteristics of the gifted, differentiation for gifted learners, and the social and emotional needs of the gifted are discussed, and recommendations are made regarding pre-service coursework.
Students' Attitudes Toward Education of Gifted Children and Competencies as Future Teachers
Authors: Arrigoni Jasna , Vorkapić Sanja Tatalović
Published: February 2018

An important prerequisite for organizing a quality educational system for gifted children is well-trained teachers. In this chapter, the development of teacher competencies in gifted, through preservice teacher education coursework at the undergraduate level, is explored. Attitudes toward gifted children and their education are examined from the perspective of students enrolled at the Faculty of Teacher Education in Rijeka, Croatia. Pre-service teacher education students in both the early and preschool education program and the primary school education program were included in the research. Attitudes toward the course “Education of Gifted Children” were examined. Finally, attitudes about gifted children and their education by preservice teachers who had taken the “Education of Gifted Children” course were compared to the attitudes of those preservice teachers who had not taken the course. Results are discussed within the frame of the teachers' required competencies, attitudes, and study program modifications.
The Image as Big Data Toolkit
Authors: Koitzsch Kerry E.
Published: February 2018

This chapter is a brief introduction to the Image As Big Data Toolkit (IABDT), a Java-based open source framework for performing a variety of distributed image processing and analysis tasks. IABDT has been developed over the last two years in response to the rapid evolution of Big Data architectures and technologies, distributed and image processing systems. This chapter presents an architecture for image analytics that uses Big Data storage and compression methods. A sample implementation of our image analytic architecture called the Image as Big Data Toolkit (IABDT) addresses some of the most frequent challenges experienced by the image analytics developer. Baseline applications developed with IABDT, status of the toolkit and directions for future extension with emphasis on image display, presentation, and reporting case studies are discussed to motivate our design and technology stack choices. Sample applications built using IABDT, as well as future development plans for IABDT are discussed.
Optimal Policies for Items With Quadratic Demand and Time-Dependent Deterioration Under Two Echelon Trade Credits
Authors: Shaikh Azharuddin Sarfuddin , Mishra Poonam Prakash
Published: February 2018

In today's competitive and global business scenario there is always a race to boost demand of your product over others. This can be achieved by different means and allowing permissible delay in payments is one of them. Researchers have proposed number of inventory models with trade credit that actually help to understand effect of trade credit on total profit and overall demand. This paper proposes a two – echelon trade credit where retailer receives credit period from the manufacturer and offer it to end customers appropriately to raise demand. Proposed inventory model assumes quadratic demand and subjected to time dependent deterioration. Ordering cost is considered lot – size dependent whereas holding cost has been taken time dependent. In this model profit is maximized considering cycle time as a decision variable. Sensitivity analysis of crucial inventory parameters and numeric examples are discussed in detail. Outcome of this model can be applied to a huge range of products like readymade garments, fashion accessories, electronics, furniture and home furnishing products.
Optimal Selling Price and Order Size for Non-Instantaneous Deteriorating Items With Generalized Price and Time-Dependent Demand and Partial Backlogging
Authors: Soni Hardik N. , Chauhan Ashaba Devrajsinh
Published: February 2018

The problem of determining the optimal selling price and lot size for an inventory system with non-instantaneous deteriorating item is considered in this chapter. In order to provide general framework, the pricing and lot sizing problem is modeled assuming a general price and time dependent demand function. The model allows for backlogging of demand which is characterized by decreasing function of waiting time. As the problem involves revenue and costs, a natural objective function for the model is profit per period. First, the sub problem in which price is fixed is solved to determine the optimal inventory policy. To broaden the problem, a procedure is developed for obtaining the optimal selling price and order size. To investigate the characteristics of the proposed model, numerical illustrations are presented.
Credit Policies for Deteriorating Imperfect Quality Items With Exponentially Increasing Demand and Partial Backlogging
Authors: Jaggi Chandra K. , Gautam Prerna , Khanna Aditi
Published: February 2018

In retail industries every ordered lot carry some fraction of imperfect quality items which can vary depending upon production and handling conditions. The situation is even more subtle when the items are prone to deterioration. However, an inspection process can spare us from such a criticality by bifurcating the defectives from the good quality lot. Thus, a screening process is mandatory. In the hyper-competitive market, trade-credit is well-known gimmick in order to boost the sales. Keeping in view, an inventory scenario of a retailer is investigated who has to deal with imperfect and “deteriorating items” under “permissible delay in payments”. The demand is assumed to be increasing exponentially. Shortages are permitted to occur and supposed to be “partially backlogged.” Rate of backlogging is assumed to have inverse relation with the waiting time for the subsequent replenishment. In this chapter, shortage point and length of cycle are jointly optimized. Numerical analysis and sensitivity analysis is performed to provide important insights for managerial persistence.
A Study on Imperfect Production System Under Maintenance Strategies and Warranty
Authors: Jaggi Chandra K. , Gautam Prerna , Khanna Aditi
Published: February 2018

In every production system, malfunctioning or breakdown during run time can incur heavy loss to the organization, to overcome such a situation it is crucial to use maintenance actions which can be either corrective or preventive depending upon the condition of the system. Also, warranty policy is extensively used world-wide to increase customer confidence in the product and to uplift sales. On account of this, the present chapter presents a problem of a manufacturer dealing with an imperfect production system considering maintenance actions and warranty policy by trading off the rework cost, holding cost, warranty cost and corrective/preventive maintenance cost so as to minimize the manufacturer's total cost. Numerical analysis and sensitivity analysis is performed to showcase model features.
Revisiting Dynamic Potential Adopter Diffusion Models under the Influence of Irregular Fluctuations in Adoption Rate
Authors: Anand Adarsh , Singhal Shakshi , Singh Ompal
Published: February 2018

A pragmatic innovation diffusion model is proposed in the present chapter that interpolates stochasticity in the logistic formulation of the widely-acknowledged Bass model with dynamic market size. These irregular changes are caused due to uncertainty attached to the socioeconomic and political environment in which an innovation is positioned that affects the action of potential adopters leading to their non-uniform behavior. The aim of the current study is to find the analytical solution for the two dynamic market expansion structures, namely, linear and exponential under the influence of irregular fluctuations whose closed-form solutions were not possible in the existing literature. In addition to the changeable market size, the proposed innovation diffusion also incorporates the concept of repeat purchase. The anticipated stochastic differential equation based new product diffusion model is then expounded methodically using the Itô process and Itô's integral equation. Further, the model has been used to study the growth pattern of different consumer durable products.
Improving Quality of Urban Life Through Enhanced Energy Policy in Africa
Authors: Benna Ibrahim Umar
Published: February 2018

Neither urban quality of life research nor effective urban energy policy research is new in Africa, but funding the future needs in these two areas requires exploring the new options, such as the emerging crowdfunding market. It is projected that by 2100 Africans will account for 40% of global population and majority urban residents, with huge workforce, a growing middle class, experiencing hyper-globalization, and increased innovation, all of which will enhance quality of urban life. For Africa to meet its large-scale energy-deficit and expected huge future demand triggered by rapid and massive urbanization, alternative renewable sources are considered in the supply policy options. Similarly, alternative visions of how energy can contribute to inclusive economic growth in Africa are examined and ways to fund them explored. To leap-frog Africa's development while the traditional funding mechanism helps, sustainable option lies in innovative alternative finance, especially crowdfunding markets in Africa and in diaspora.
Mentoring Faculty
Authors: Conway Cassandra Sligh , Washington Khadidra , Scott Mable , Staten Bridget Hollis
Published: February 2018

This chapter provides the importance of mentoring faculty at HBCUs. Past research on mentoring and the positive professional interactions that can spring forth from mentoring faculty are noted. Faculty at HBCUs are working at a gem institution as these institutions provide much value to the socialization of students and were often the only institution of higher education where some cultures could work, obtain promotions, and successfully obtain tenure. With the continued survival of these institutions, it is equally important to provide mentorship to a diverse faculty body. The mission of the book is introduced and the rich, unique value that the HBCU provides is noted.
Mentorship Across Faculty Lines
Authors: Ethridge Glacia , Andrews Anthony , Thomas Alayna A. , Boston Quintin
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to provide insight into the needs for faculty members across faculty lines at HBCUs; provide implications for not engaging in mentorship for junior and senior level faculty; identify the impact that lack of mentorship has on the institution as an entity and to a degree, the community; and provide solutions and recommendations for those interested in the implications for lack of mentorship across faculty lines at HBCUs. The conclusion is that while both HBCU literature and culture have been reviewed, additional research is required to provide an effective solution.
Building Positive Mentoring Experiences for Black Male Faculty at a Historically Black College and University
Authors: Osler II James Edward
Published: February 2018

This chapter outlines how historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have served an important role in promoting access to higher education for Black faculty when other venues were closed to them. During their inception, HBCUs were far from equal in terms of infrastructure, resources, and operating budgets; these inequities persist to the present day. HBCUs have a rich legacy of producing charismatic leaders. For example, W. E. B. Du Bois, Martin Luther King, Jr., Thurgood Marshall, Ella Baker, Barbara Jordan, and Stokely Carmichael who all valiantly advocated for societal change for all and served as positive role models to many African Americans. Black colleges also provide a rich source of social networks to students, fostering an empowering educational climate (Palmer & Gasman, 2008).
Mentoring the Black Male Faculty Member
Authors: Mathis Jr. Christopher Clomus , Anderson Rashad
Published: February 2018

This chapter is written to educate and challenge some of the misconceptions related to a Black male experience prior to attending a Historical Black College or University (HBCU). The African proverb “It takes a village to raise a child” captures the Black male experience prior to their coming to a HBCU for higher education and the overall challenges and task. Historically the African American community has taken on the responsibility of educating the majority of our children within our communities. Those days have disappeared. It seems the reality shows have tried to educate the youth, and this is problematic. Thus, in this chapter, the authors examine the Black males experience prior to attending a HBCU.
Student Acceptance of a Civic Engagement Graduation Requirement in an Urban Community College
Authors: Chapman Christopher
Published: February 2018

Civic engagement is an essential part of a democratic society, though it has recently tended toward adversarial political conflict. Although many college administrators favor encouraging or requiring student civic engagement, little is known about whether students themselves would support this, and how student characteristics are related to acceptance. Past and present civic activities of 2,327 students at a large, very diverse urban community college were surveyed using the newly developed KCC Civic Engagement Scale. Results showed strong agreement that the college had a responsibility to develop civically engaged students, but that the term “civic engagement” is unclear to many. Principal components analysis revealed four distinct factors: general non-political civic engagement, and low-effort, high-effort, and unconventional political activities. Level of student participation in various activities is primarily determined by a student's time availability and secondarily by a complex assortment of personal characteristics, including residency status.
Understanding Private and Public Partnerships
Authors: Strongman Luke
Published: February 2018

New public management organisations tend to import managerial processes and behaviour from the private sector, and have been doing so in the post-Keynsian era. Increasingly those economies that were nationalised for large collective rebuilding programs after the Second World War were being deregulated and new models of management based on private enterprise and monetary accountability became the norm. This chapter provides an overview and contextual commentary on the origins of the public and private, the current era of public management, describes the characteristics of public and private partnerships; the factors of partnership performance, the characteristics of success and limitations, and concludes with a contextual discussion of Public and Private Partnerships.
Framework for Enhancing Organizational Performance
Authors: Chhabra Susheel
Published: February 2018

The government departments in India need overhauling to improve effectiveness in providing services to citizens. The chapter proposes an organizational performance framework of Haryana State Government departments involved in providing services to citizens. The framework suggests dimensions which need improvement for enhancing organizational performance. This will help to improve efficiency and effectiveness in providing government services. The organizational performance framework has been suggested using responses collected from 150 government departments. A log linear regression analysis statistical technique is used to develop the framework. The framework can be used as a template for Government departments in similar other organizational settings.
NGOs, Civil Society, and Global Governance in the Era of Sustainability and Consolidation
Authors: Matiatou Maria
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to establish a robust and reliable reference framework on the ecosystem of NGOs and Civil Society for literature review in scholarly contributions and publications. Furthermore, we seek to clarify the position and scope of NGOs within the third sector and civil society. We position NGOs on the sphere of political influence where they negotiate agendas, form coalitions with local and international partners, mobilize constituencies for policy change, and ultimately engage in all stages of the policy process. Finally, we discuss their increased role as key players in times of severe financial constraints. Two voids are identified: the absence of a protective policy framework that can shield NGOs from economic contraction consequences, and the void in evaluation frameworks that can measure their quality of performance.
Facebook Losing to WhatsApp
Authors: Raina Roshan Lal , Alam Iftikhar , Siddiqui Faizia
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes how over the past decade, there has been a tremendous growth in the subscriber base of social networking sites. These networking websites or SNS have provided a global platform to people—to connect and express. However, SNS platforms seem to be fast losing ground to Instant Messaging (IM) Applications (Apps), WhatsApp being the frontrunner. WhatsApp offers a much superior user experience in terms of connectivity, expression, and security. WhatsApp is simple to use: it can be downloaded on any smartphone, and only needs a mobile SIM card and an internet connection. At the same time, security issues are also working against the SNS. This study aims to analyze the changing ‘social networking scenario' in India. This research is based on the facts analyzed after a comprehensive survey conducted on a sample picked up from four Indian metro cities. Findings reveal that the young population is fascinated by WhatsApp due to the ease of operating the App and the quick communication that it provides. Users reported spending less time now on Facebook than they did before WhatsApp was introduced.
Networked Protests
Authors: Stacey Emily
Published: February 2018

This chapter explores social movement theories and attempts to modernize and explain contemporary movements with consideration of the digital tools being utilized by citizens on the ground. The ability to transcend borders and traditional boundaries using digital media, to facilitate international participation and develop communication, and the dissemination of information and coordination among activist networks around the world is hugely important. This chapter asserts that modern contentious collective actions and contemporary movements have received an infusion of autonomy and grassroots energy fueled by digital technologies, and social networking platforms.
Fencism
Authors: Ihebuzor Noel , Egbunike Nwachukwu Andrew
Published: February 2018

Most twitter users supported either All Progressive Party (APC) or Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) during the 2015 Nigerian elections. In the midst of this, an unusual political alignment emerged which was called Fencism who neither supported any of the two political parties but claimed to be objective despite having a political opinion. This study investigated the definition and characteristics of Fencism using survey, quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The rational choice theory was the framework used in this study. Findings revealed that Fencism is a distinct political alignment and a manifestation of the rational choice theory. Yet there was no consensus on the definition owing to the irreconcilable ambiguity of remaining objective and but yet professing a bias.
Analysis of the Impact of the Economic Crisis of 2008 on the Primary Level of Public Education in Guatemala, in the Period From 2002 to 2015
Authors: Roca Sofía Jimena
Published: February 2018

The objective of this chapter is the analysis of the primary education in Guatemala and if the amount of investment during the period 2002–2015 is significant for the number of children promoted by school year, and if these investments were impacted by the economic crisis of 2008. The results of the investigation demonstrate that the variables with significance where the number of teachers and the budget per year, without relation to economic growth and no impact by the economic crisis on 2008 and with no significant relation with the rate of drop out, which was an important result, especially in primary school. The data analyzed also show that the budget per year for the Ministry of Education doesn't suffer an impact after the economic crisis in 2008, where the author expected to find some problem after the crisis, but that the number of teachers hired in 2009 almost doubles the amount of teachers who were hired in 2008.
The Shifting Sands of the Information Industry
Authors: Regazzi John J.
Published: February 2018

This chapter examines the shift from the industrial age to the current “information age” by looking closely at the history of the electronic information industry since the 1970s, with special focus on key individuals and companies. Early pioneers developed remotely accessible database search systems and marketed them commercially. The advent of high-capacity storage media and personal computers in the 1980s made it possible for individual consumers to use databases, and in the 1990s, networking capabilities further supported the emergence of the Internet. Web portals developed, and a handful of companies successfully commoditized Web content. The 2000s were dominated by a move from general search engines to value-added “apps,” as well as by social networking, multimedia technology, and mobile consumer electronics. Throughout, the chapter highlights commonalities among the successful companies that have contributed to the strong and rapid growth of the industry as a whole.
Survey Paper on Semantic Web
Authors: Unadkat Rimpal
Published: February 2018

The World Wide Web (WWW) allows the people to share the information (data) from the large database repositories globally. The tremendous growth in the volume of data and with the terrific growth of number of web pages, traditional search engines now days are not appropriate and not suitable anymore. Search engine is the most important tool to discover any information in World Wide Web. Semantic Search Engine is born of traditional search engine to overcome the above problem. However, to overcome this problem in search engines to retrieve meaningful information intelligently, semantic web technologies are playing a major role. In this paper the authors present survey on the role of search engines in intelligent web, Background, Challenges and some issues.
A Study on Models and Methods of Information Retrieval System
Authors: Malhotra Manisha , Singh Aarti
Published: February 2018

Information Retrieval (IR) is the action of getting the information applicable to a data need from a pool of information resources. Searching can be depends on text indexing. Whenever a client enters an inquiry into the system, an automated information retrieval process becomes starts. Inquiries are formal statements which is required for getting an input (Rijsbergen, 1997). It is not necessary that the given query provides the relevance information. That query matches the result of required information from the database. It doesn't mean it gives the precise and unique result likewise in SQL queries (Rocchio, 2010). Its results are based on the ranking of information retrieved from server. This ranking based technique is the fundamental contrast from database query. It depends on user application the required object can be an image, audio or video. Although these objects are not saved in the IR system, but they can be in the form of metadata. An IR system computes a numeric value of query and then matches it with the ranking of similar objects.
Design of Information Spaces and Retrieval of Information Using Electrostatics in Virtual Spaces
Authors: Madhok Vaibhav , Rustagi Navin
Published: February 2018

Humans have a rich awareness of locations and situations that directs how we interpret and interact with our surroundings. The principle aim of this paper is to create ‘Information Spaces' where people will use their awareness to search, browse and learn. In the same way that they navigate in a physical environment, they will navigate through knowledge. An information space is a type of design in which representations of information objects are situated in a principled space. In this chapter we present an architecture based on the principles of electrostatistics, which presents a model for design of information spaces. Our model gives an easy conceptual framework to reason about how information can be represented as well as secure ways of extracting and storing information leading to a design which are easily scalable in virtual team environments.
RDF Storage and Querying
Authors: Cheng Jingwei , Ma Z. M. , Tong Qiang
Published: February 2018

RDF plays an important role in representing Web resources in a natural and flexible way. As the amount of RDF datasets increasingly growing, storing and querying theses data have attracted the attention of more and more researchers. In this chapter, we first make a review of approaches for query processing of RDF datasets. We categorize existing methods as two classes, those making use of RDBMS to implement the storage and retrieval, and those devising their own native storage schemas. They are called Relational RDF Stores and Native Stores respectively. Secondly, we survey some important extensions of SPARQL, standard query language for RDF, which extend the expressing power of SPARQL to allow more sophisticated language constructs that meet the needs from various application scenarios.
Towards an Objective Assessment Framework for Linked Data Quality
Authors: Assaf Ahmad , Senart Aline , Troncy Raphaël
Published: February 2018

Ensuring data quality in Linked Open Data is a complex process as it consists of structured information supported by models, ontologies and vocabularies and contains queryable endpoints and links. In this paper, the authors first propose an objective assessment framework for Linked Data quality. The authors build upon previous efforts that have identified potential quality issues but focus only on objective quality indicators that can measured regardless on the underlying use case. Secondly, the authors present an extensible quality measurement tool that helps on one hand data owners to rate the quality of their datasets, and on the other hand data consumers to choose their data sources from a ranked set. The authors evaluate this tool by measuring the quality of the LOD cloud. The results demonstrate that the general state of the datasets needs attention as they mostly have low completeness, provenance, licensing and comprehensibility quality scores.
Research and Implementation of Mine Risk Area Semantic Retrieval System Based on Ontology
Authors: Yang Xuexue , Gao Tao , Li Tianze , Liu Ye , Wang Yuhan
Published: February 2018

In this paper, the authors first analyze the research and development of semantic retrieval technology based on ontology, and introduce the key theoretical knowledge of ontology and semantic web, including the definition, description language, classification and semantic web. Secondly, this thesis makes a deep research on the ontology based semantic retrieval including semantic annotation, Chinese word segmentation, ontology storage, semantic association algorithm and so on. At the same time, it analyzes and introduces the construction principle, methods and tools involved in ontology. Finally, this paper designs and implements a complete ontology based semantic retrieval system based on the ontology of coal mine risk domain ontology, and verifies the feasibility of the system and the theory, and provides the basis for the development and popularization of the ontology based semantic retrieval technology.
Theoretical and Applied Issues on the Impact of Information on Musical Creativity
Authors: Lavranos Charilaos , Kostagiolas Petros , Martzoukou Konstantina
Published: February 2018

This century is an era of information and knowledge intensification. Novel information systems and services are developing through modern online information technologies. The rapid changes in the online information environment have greatly affected the way in which individuals search for music information and engage with musical creativity, within different music domains and for different purposes which involve composition, performance and improvisation, analysis and listening. The aim of this book chapter is to investigate the theoretical and practical issues relating to the impact of music information on musical creativity from an information seeking behavior perspective. Musical creativity is perceived as an intentional process which acts as a motivator for information seeking, leading to the utilization of different information resources and to the development of specific information seeking preferences. The chapter highlights the implications for research in this area and presents a research agenda for the interrelation between music information seeking and musical creativity.
Service Discovery Framework for Distributed Embedded Real-Time Systems
Authors: Zeshan Furkh , Mohamad Radziah , Ahmad Mohammad Nazir
Published: February 2018

Embedded systems are supporting the trend of moving away from centralised, high-cost products towards low-cost and high-volume products; yet, the non-functional constraints and the device heterogeneity can lead to system complexity. In this regard, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is the best methodology for developing a loosely coupled, dynamic, flexible, distributed, and cost-effective application. SOA relies heavily on services, and the Semantic Web, as the advanced form of the Web, handles the application complexity and heterogeneity with the help of ontology. With an ever-increasing number of similar Web services in UDDI, a functional description of Web services is not sufficient for the discovery process. It is also difficult to rank the similar services based on their functionality. Therefore, the Quality of Service (QoS) description of Web services plays an important role in ranking services within many similar functional services. Context-awareness has been widely studied in embedded and real-time systems and can also play an important role in service ranking as an additional set of criteria. In addition, it can enhance human-computer interaction with the help of ontologies in distributed and heterogeneous environments. In order to address the issues involved in ranking similar services based on the QoS and context-awareness, the authors propose a service discovery framework for distributed embedded real-time systems in this chapter. The proposed framework considers user priorities, QoS, and the context-awareness to enable the user to select the best service among many functional similar services.
Semantic/Fuzzy Information Retrieval System
Authors: Chkiwa Mounira , Jedidi Anis , Gargouri Faiez
Published: February 2018

In this paper, the authors present an overall description of their information retrieval system which makes a practical collaboration between Semantic Web and Fuzzy logic in order to have profit from their advantages in the information retrieval domain. Their system is dedicated for kids, for this reason the semantic/fuzzy collaboration materialized must be in the background of the information retrieval process because such category of users cannot certainly control semantic web technologies neither fuzzy logic commands. In this paper, the authors present the different services proposed by their system and how they use Semantic Web and Fuzzy logic to develop it. Evaluation tests of the system using universal measures show clearly its efficiency.
Technique for Transformation of Data From RDB to XML Then to RDF
Authors: Malik Kaleem Razzaq , Ahmad Tauqir
Published: February 2018

This chapter will clearly show the need for better mapping techniques for Relational Database (RDB) all the way to Resource Description Framework (RDF). This includes coverage of each data model limitations and benefits for getting better results. Here, each form of data being transform has its own importance in the field of data science. As RDB is well known back end storage for information used to many kinds of applications; especially the web, desktop, remote, embedded, and network-based applications. Whereas, EXtensible Markup Language (XML) in the well-known standard for data for transferring among all computer related resources regardless of their type, shape, place, capability and capacity due to its form is in application understandable form. Finally, semantically enriched and simple of available in Semantic Web is RDF. This comes handy when with the use of linked data to get intelligent inference better and efficient. Multiple Algorithms are built to support this system experiments and proving its true nature of the study.
Building CLIA for Resource-Scarce African Languages
Authors: Tune Kula Kekeba , Varma Vasudeva
Published: February 2018

Since most of the existing major search engines and commercial Information Retrieval (IR) systems are primarily designed for well-resourced European and Asian languages, they have paid little attention to the development of Cross-Language Information Access (CLIA) technologies for resource-scarce African languages. This paper presents the authors' experience in building CLIA for indigenous African languages, with a special focus on the development and evaluation of Oromo-English-CLIR. The authors have adopted a knowledge-based query translation approach to design and implement their initial Oromo-English CLIR (OMEN-CLIR). Apart from designing and building the first OMEN-CLIR from scratch, another major contribution of this study is assessing the performance of the proposed retrieval system at one of the well-recognized international Cross-Language Evaluation Forums like the CLEF campaign. The overall performance of OMEN-CLIR was found to be very promising and encouraging, given the limited amount of linguistic resources available for severely under-resourced African languages like Afaan Oromo.
A Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Web Information Retrieval
Authors: Alloui Tarek , Boussebough Imane , Chaoui Allaoua
Published: February 2018

The Web has become the largest source of information worldwide and the information, in its various forms, is growing exponentially. So obtaining relevant and up-to-date information has become hard and tedious. This situation led to the emergence of search engines which index today billions of pages. However, they are generic services and they try to aim the largest number of users without considering their information needs in the search process. Moreover, users use generally few words to formulate their queries giving incomplete specifications of their information needs. So dealing this problem within Web context using traditional approaches is vain. This paper presents a novel particle swarm optimization approach for Web information retrieval. It uses relevance feedback to reformulate user query and thus improve the number of relevant results. In the authors' experimental results, they obtained a significant improvement of relevant results using their proposed approach comparing to what is obtained using only the user query into a search engine.
Readable Diagrammatic Query Language ViziQuer
Authors: Zviedris Martins
Published: February 2018

End-user interaction with data is one of key aspects in data processing. Nowadays a lot of information systems have a custom made user interface for data input and data querying. From 1970s it is envisioned that a generic, user-friendly approach for data querying could be built, but no wide spread solution has been developed. In the paper we present a diagrammatic query language. We have done an iterative approach to design and improve the diagrammatic query language to make it user readable. Readability is analyzed with questionnaires. Readable diagrammatic query language is the first step to create a more generic and user-friendly data querying.
Quality Measures for Semantic Web Application
Authors: Rao Adiraju Prasanth
Published: February 2018

The Semantic Web is a standard of Common Data Formats on WWW with aim to convert the current web data of unstructured and semi-structured documents into a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across applications, enterprises. The main purpose of the Semantic Web is driving the evolution of the current Web by enabling users to find, share, and combine information more easily. Humans are capable of using the Web to carry out tasks such as searching for the lowest price for a LAPTOP. However, machines cannot accomplish all of these tasks without human direction, because web pages are designed to be read by people, not machines. The semantic web is a vision of information that can be readily interpreted by machines, so machines can perform more of the tedious work involved in finding, combining, and acting upon information on the web. The chapter presents the architecture of semantic web, its challenging issues and also data quality principles. These principles provide a better decision making within organization and will maximize long term data integration and interoperability.
Knowledge Discovery From Massive Data Streams
Authors: Narang Sushil Kumar , Kumar Sushil , Verma Vishal
Published: February 2018

T.S. Eliot once wrote some beautiful poetic lines including one “Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?”. Can't say that T.S. Eliot could have anticipated today's scenario which is emerging from his poetic lines. Data in present scenario is a profuse resource in many circumstances and is piling-up and many technical leaders are finding themselves drowning in data. Through this big stream of data there is a vast flood of information coming out and seemingly crossing manageable boundaries. As Information is a necessary channel for educing and constructing knowledge, one can assume the importance of generating new and comprehensive knowledge discovery tools and techniques for digging this overflowing sea of information to create explicit knowledge. This chapter describes traditional as well as modern research techniques towards knowledge discovery from massive data streams. These techniques have been effectively applied not exclusively to completely structured but also to semi-structured and unstructured data. At the same time Semantic Web technologies in today's perspective require many of them to deal with all sorts of raw data.
Lexical Co-Occurrence and Contextual Window-Based Approach With Semantic Similarity for Query Expansion
Authors: Singh Jagendra , Kumar Rakesh
Published: February 2018

Query expansion (QE) is an efficient method for enhancing the efficiency of information retrieval system. In this work, we try to capture the limitations of pseudo-feedback based QE approach and propose a hybrid approach for enhancing the efficiency of feedback based QE by combining corpus-based, contextual based information of query terms, and semantic based knowledge of query terms. First of all, this paper explores the use of different corpus-based lexical co-occurrence approaches to select an optimal combination of query terms from a pool of terms obtained using pseudo-feedback based QE. Next, we explore semantic similarity approach based on word2vec for ranking the QE terms obtained from top pseudo-feedback documents. Further, we combine co-occurrence statistics, contextual window statistics, and semantic similarity based approaches together to select the best expansion terms for query reformulation. The experiments were performed on FIRE ad-hoc and TREC-3 benchmark datasets. The statistics of our proposed experimental results show significant improvement over baseline method.