bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Data Collection Path Planning Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sinks
Authors: Chang Jau-Yang , Jeng Jin-Tsong , Sheu Yung-Hoh , Jian Z-Jie , Chang Wei-Yeh
Published: October 2020

Wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks enable a mobile device to move into the sensing area for the purpose of collecting the sensing data. Mobile sinks increase the flexibility and convenience of data gathering in such systems. Taking the energy consumption of the mobile sink into account, the moving distance of the mobile sink must be reduced efficiently. Hence, it is important and necessary to develop an efficient path planning scheme for mobile sinks in large-scale wireless sensor network systems. According to several greedy-based algorithms, we adopt an angle bisector concept to create the moving path for the mobile sink. In this paper, a novel and efficient data collection path planning scheme is proposed to reduce the moving distances and to prolong the lifetimes of mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks. Considering the communication range limitations of sensor nodes and the obstacles within sensing areas, we design an inner center path planning algorithm to reduce the moving distance for the mobile sink. A back-routing avoidance method is included to address the moving path backpropagation problem. We account for the obstacles in sensing area. The reference point of obstacle avoidance is employed to address the obstacle problem. The proposed scheme makes an adaptive decision for creating the moving path of the mobile sink. A suitable moving path planning scheme can be achieved, and the moving distance of the mobile sink can be reduced. The proposed scheme is promising in large-scale wireless sensor networks. When the number of sensor nodes in the sensing area is increased by 50, the proposed scheme yields an average moving distance that is 1.1 km shorter than that of the heuristic tour-planning algorithm, where the sensing area is 5 km × 5 km. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed data collection path planning scheme outperforms the previously developed greedy-based scheme in terms of the moving paths and moving distances of mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks.
miR-129-5p inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced A7r5 cells proliferation and migration through targeting HMGB1 involving a PI3K/Akt signal pathway
Authors: Jiang Hongfei , Gong Ren , Wu Yanqing
Published: October 2020

Background

Currently, gene therapy for cardiovascular diseases has been widely concerned, but its mechanism is still unclear.
Objective

Recently miRNAs have been recognized as a key regulator in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) which involved in the formation of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to explore the role of miR-129-5p in regulation of HMGB1 involving a PI3K/Akt signal pathway as well as the proliferation and migration in A7r5 cells induced by ox-LDL.
Methods

Cell viability, proliferation and migration were conducted by CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing assay and transwell assay. The expressions of miR-129-5p and HMGB1 were detected by real-time quantitative-qPCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Luciferase assay was used to confirm that miR-129-5p directly targeted HMGB1.
Results

The expression of miR-129-5p in A7r5 cells induced by ox-LDL was significantly decreased in comparison with the control cells. Cell viability, proliferation and migration of A7r5 cells induced by ox-LDL were increased. MiR-129-5p could down-regulate the expression of HMGB1 in A7r5 cells. More studies showed that miR-129-5p could inhibit cell viability, proliferation on and migration of A7r5 cells induced by ox-LDL and target HMGB1 to regulate PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
Conclusion

miR-129-5p could inhibit PI3K/Akt signal pathway by target HMGB1 and further restrain the cell viability, proliferation and migration of A7r5 cells induced by ox-LDL.
Monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened the hatching time via pineal function in White Leghorn eggs
Authors: Wang Panlin , Sun Yanyan , Li Yunlei , Fan Jing , Zong Yunhe , Isa Adamu Mani , Shi Lei , Wang Yuanmei , Ni Aixin , Ge Pingzhuang , Jiang Linlin , Bian Shixiong , Ma Hui , Yuan Zhengdong , Liu Xiaolin , Chen Jilan
Published: October 2020

Background: Effect of monochromatic green light illumination on embryo development has been reported in chickens. The avian pineal gland is an important photo-endocrine organ formed by a mediodorsal protrusion during embryonic development. However, the involvement of pineal gland in the light transduction process remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the influence of monochromatic green light on hatching time and explored the possible mechanism via pineal function. Results: A total of 600 eggs of White Leghorn (Shaver strain) were incubated under photoperiods of either 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness using monochromatic green light (12L:12D group) or 24 h of darkness (0L:24D group) for 18 d. Compared to 0L:24D group, the green light stimulation shortened the hatching time without extending the hatch window or impairing hatchability. The liver of embryos incubated in the 12L:12D light condition was heavier than those of the 0L:24D group on d 21 post incubation which may be linked to the observed increase in the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); primary secretion of the liver. Histological structure analysis of pineal gland demonstrated that the light stimulation increased follicle area, wall thickness and lumen area on d 10 and d 12 post incubation. Rhythmic function analysis demonstrated that three clock related genes (brain and muscle ARNT-like-1, BMAL1; circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, CLOCK; and cryptochrome-1, CRY1) and a melatonin rate-limiting enzyme related gene (Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, AANAT) were rhythmically expressed in the pineal gland of the 12L:12D group, but not in the 0L:24D group. Simultaneously, the light stimulation also increased the concentration of melatonin (MT), which was linked to hepatocyte proliferation and IGF-1 secretion in previous studies. Conclusions: The 12L:12D monochromatic green light stimulation during incubation shortened hatching time without impairing hatching performance. Pineal gland’s early histological development and maturation of its rhythmic function were accelerated by the light stimulation. It may be the key organ in the photo-endocrine axis that regulates embryo development, and the potential mechanism could be through enhanced secretion of MT in the 12L:12D group which promotes the secretion of IGF-1.
MiR-7e-5p downregulation promotes transformation of low-grade follicular lymphoma to aggressive lymphoma by modulating an immunosuppressive stroma through the upregulation of FasL in M1 macrophages
Authors: Lou Xiaoli , Fu Jianhong , Zhao Xin , Zhuansun Xuemei , Rong Chao , Sun Maomin , Niu Hui , Wu Lei , Zhang Yongsheng , An Lu , Guo Lingchuan , Wan Shan , Wang Shouli
Published: October 2020

Background: In follicular lymphoma (FL), histologic transformation to high-grade FL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a critical adverse step in disease progression. Activation of the oncogene c-MYC and tumor microenvironment remodeling account for FL progression. A panel of microRNA (miRNA) was downregulated in transformed FL. Methods: Differentially expressed miRNAs were systematically analyzed compared in eleven lymph nodes tissue samples from patients at different stages of disease. Expression of miR-7e-5p was analyzed in 46 B-cell lymphomas, including 30 FLs and 16 DLBCLs. In FL cells, transcriptional regulation of the oncogene c-MYC on its target miR-7e-5p was revealed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Exosome, carrying differentially expressed miR-7e-5p was isolated and visualized by transmission electron microscope and fluorescence tracing. The effect of miR-7e-5p on recipient macrophage was determined by target gene quantification, flow cytometry, and TUNEL method in a cocultured system with miR-7e-5p-mimics or inhibitor treatment. Expression of miR-7e-5p targets, macrophage proportions, and clinical parameters were included for correlation analysis. Results: We determined that downregulation of miR-7e-5p, driven by c-MYC overexpression, was associated with poorer prognosis in FL patients. The decreased expression of miR-7e-5p in lymphoma cells led to a reduced exosomal transfer to surrounding macrophages. As a result, the target gene of miR-7e-5p, Fas ligand (FasL), was upregulated and activated the caspase signaling, which led to the apoptosis of M1 macrophages in tumor stroma. Finally, in transformed FL tissues, overexpression of FasL and activation of caspase proteins was detected in tumor stromal macrophages. Downregulation of miR-7e-5p was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Downregulation of exosomal miR-7e-5p induces stromal M1 macrophage apoptosis, which leads to immunosurveillance and transformation of FL.
Reducing the Smoking-Related Health Burden in the US through Diversion to Electronic Cigarettes: A System Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Selya Arielle
Published: October 2020

Background: Electronic cigarettes (“e-cigarettes”) have altered tobacco use trends, and their impacts are controversial. Given their lower risk relative to conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes have potential for harm reduction. This study presents a simulation-based analysis of an e-cigarette harm reduction policy set in the US. Methods: A system dynamics simulation model was constructed, with separate aging chains representing different stages of use for both cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users. These structures interact with a policy module to close the gap between actual (simulated) and goal numbers of cigarette smokers, chosen to reduce the tobacco-attributable death rate to that due to all accidents in the general population. The policy is two-fold, removing existing flavor bans and providing an informational campaign promoting e-cigarettes as a lower-risk alternative. Realistic practical implementation challenges are modeled in the policy sector, including time delays, political resistance, and budgetary limitations. Effects of e-cigarettes on conventional smoking occurs through three mechanisms: 1) diversion from ever initiating conventional smoking; 2) reducing progression to established smoking; and 3) increasing smoking cessation. An important unintended effect was included, which increases the tobacco-related mortality accordingly with an increase in nicotine users due to e-cigarettes. Results: The base-case model replicated the historical exponential decline in smoking and the exponential increase in e-cigarette use since 2010. The ideal-case policy was able to reduce conventional smoking to the goal level approximately 40 years after implementation. Implementation obstacles (time delays, political resistance, and budgetary constraints) delayed and weakened the effect of the policy by up to 95% in the worst case, relative to the ideal-case scenario; however, these discrepancies substantially decreased over time in dampened oscillations as negative feedback loops stabilize the system after the one-time “shock” introduced by policy changes. Conclusions: Current findings demonstrate that the promotion of e-cigarettes as a harm-reduction policy is a viable strategy, given current knowledge of e-cigarettes’ effects on conventional smoking. Given the strong effects of implementation challenges on policy effectiveness in the short term, accurately modeling such obstacles is essential in policy design. Ongoing research is needed with forthcoming data on e-cigarette use prevalence and possible effects on cigarette smoking.
Two novel likely pathogenic variants of HARS2 identified in a Chinese family with Perrault syndrome
Authors: yu jing , jiang Wei , cao Li , Na xiaoxue , Yang jiyun
Published: October 2020

Mutations in HARS2 are one of the genetic causes of Perrault syndrome, characterized by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and ovarian dysfunction. Here, we identified two novel putative pathogenic variants of HARS2 in a Chinese family with sensorineural hearing loss including two affected male siblings, c.349G>A (p.Asp117Asn) and c.908T>C (p.Leu303Pro), through targeted next-generation sequencing methods. The two affected siblings (13 and 11 years old) presented with early-onset, rapidly progressive SNHL. The affected siblings did not have any inner ear malformations or delays in gross motor development. Combined with preexisting clinical reports, Perrault syndrome may be latent in some families with non-syndromic deafness associated with HARS2 mutations. The definitive diagnosis of Perrault syndrome based on clinical features alone is a challenge in sporadic males, and preadolescent females with no signs of POI. Our findings further expanded the existing spectrum of HARS2 variants and Perrault syndrome phenotypes, which will assist in molecular diagnosis and genetic counselling of patients with HARS2 mutations.
Interrelation between facial soft tissue lessions, underlying fracture patterns and treatment of zygomatic bone trauma: a 10 year retrospective study
Authors: Iulia Juncar Raluca , Tent Paul Andrei , Mihai Juncar , Anton Arghir Ioan , Oana Arghir Cristina , Mircea Rivis
Published: October 2020

Background: The pattern of zygomatic bone fractures varies in the literature, their features being frequently masked by the presence of associated soft tissue lesions. In this context the clinical diagnosis and the therapeutic indications can be difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of zygomatic bone fractures and their interrelation with concomitant overlying soft tissue injuries, as well as to assess the type of treatment methods applied depending on the fracture pattern and the results achieved depending on the incidence rate of postoperative complications. We will use these results in order to improve the diagnosis and the establishment of correct treatment of this pathology. Methods: A 10-year retrospective evaluation of midface fractures was performed in patients diagnosed and treated in a tertiary Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the MedCalc Statistical Software version 19.2 (MedCalc Software bvba, Ostend, Belgium;53 https://www.medcalc.org; 2020). Nominal data were expressed as frequency and percentage. The comparisons of the frequencies of a nominal variable among the categories of another nominal variable were made using the chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regressions were used in order to establish the independent association between variables and lacerations/excoriations. After using the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, a value of p<0.025 was considered statistically significant.Results: The study included 242 patients with zygomatic bone fractures. The majority of the fractures were displaced n=179 (73.9%), closed n=179 (73.9%) and complete n=219 (90.5%). Hematoma was the most frequent associated soft tissue lesion n=102 (42.1%) regardless of the fracture pattern (p=1.000). Complete zygomatic fracture (OR – 2.68; p=0.035) and fractures with displacement (OR – 3.66; p=0.012) were independently associated with the presence of laceration. Fractures with displacement (OR – 7.1; p=0.003) were independently associated with the presence of excoriation. The most frequent type of treatment applied was Gillies reduction (61.9%), followed by ORIF (30.9%). The most frequent postoperative complication was malunion secondary to Gillies treatment (4,6%). Conclusions: Patients presenting lacerations and excoriations on clinical soft tissue examination will most frequently have an underlying complete, displaced or comminuted zygomatic fracture. In the case of displaced, open or comminuted fractures we achieved the best results secondary to ORIF treatment method, while in the case of non-displaced and closed fractures, the best results achieved were secondary to conservative treatment.
Neoadjuvant systemic and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with cytoreductive surgery for gastric cancer patients with limited peritoneal metastasis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Ye Zeyao , Dai Gaiguo , Zhang Yanqiang , Huang Ling , Du Yian , Cheng Xiangdong
Published: October 2020

Background: There is no currently available treatment for peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. This phase II study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) combined with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for the treatment of these patients.

Methods: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy comprised two cycles of HIPEC and four cycles of S-1 plus paclitaxel. HIPEC was administered intraperitoneally with paclitaxel (75 mg/m2). For systemic chemotherapy, paclitaxel was administered intravenously(150 mg/m2) on day 1，and S-1 was administered orally（80 mg/m2/day）on days 1-14 of a 3-week cycle. Another two cycles of HIPEC and four cycles of S-1 plus paclitaxel were administered after second diagnostic staging laparoscopy or CRS. The primary endpoint was treatment efficiency and safety; the secondary endpoint was 3-year overall survival (OS).

Results: A total of 40 patients were enrolled and 38 patients have been analyzed. Of these, 18 (47.4%) patients received neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy, HIPEC and CRS (conversion therapy group), while 20 patients received only chemotherapy and HIPEC (palliative chemotherapy group). Median OS was markedly improved in the conversion therapy group (21.1 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.7-25.6 months) in comparison with the palliative chemotherapy group(10.8 months, 95%CI 7.3-14.2 months, p=0.002). After neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy and HIPEC, a second laparoscopic exploration was performed, and the prognosis of patients with low peritoneal cancer index (PCI) (PCI < 6) was significantly better than that of patients with high PCI (PCI≥6)(20.1 vs.11.3 months, p=0.006).

Conclusion: Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy and HIPEC combined with CRS was safe and feasible, and could potentially improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients with limited peritoneal metastasis. However, further clinical trials are still warranted.
DNA methylation abnormalities of imprinted genes in congenital heart disease: A pilot study
Authors: Chang Shaoyan , Wang Yubo , Xin Yu , Wang Shuangxing , Luo Yi , Wang Li , Zhang Hui , Li Jia
Published: October 2020

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is resulted from the interaction of genetic aberration and environmental factors. Imprinted genes, which are regulated by epigenetic modifications, are essential for the normal embryonic development. However, the role of imprinted genes in the pathogenesis of CHD remains unclear. Results: We investigated the effect of imprinted gene methylation on the pathogenesis of CHD. Eighteen imprinted genes that are known to affect early embryonic development were selected and the methylation modification genes were detected by massarray in 27 CHD children and 28 healthy children. Altered methylation of 8 imprinted genes was found, including 2 imprinted genes with hypermethylation of GRB10 and MEST and 6 genes with hypomethylation of PEG10 , NAP1L5 , INPP5F , PLAGL1 , NESP and MEG3 . Stratified analysis showed that the methylation degree of imprinted genes was different in different types of CHD. Risk analysis showed that 6 imprinted genes within a specific methylation level range were the risk factor for CHD except MEST and NAP1L5 . Conclusion: Altered methylation of imprinted genes is associated with CHD and varies in different types of CHD. Further experiments are warranted to identify the methylation characteristics of imprinted genes in different types of CHD and clarify the pathogenesis mechanism of imprinted genes in CHD.
Comparative Plastid Genomics of Four Pilea (Urticaceae) Species: Insight into Interspecific Plastid Genome Diversity in Pilea
Authors: Li Jingling , Tang Jianmin , Zeng Siyuan , Han Fang , Yuan Jing , Yu Jie
Published: October 2020

Background: Pilea is a genus of perennial herbs from the family Urticaceae, and some species are used as courtyard ornamentals or for medicinal purposes. At present, there is no information about the plastid genome of Pilea, which limits our understanding of this genus. Here, we report 4 plastid genomes of Pilea taxa (Pilea mollis Wedd., Pilea glauca 'Greizy', Pilea peperomioides Diels. and Pilea serpyllacea 'Globosa') and performed comprehensive comparative analysis.Results: The four plastid genomes all have a typical quartile structure. The lengths of the plastid genomes ranged from 150,398 bp to 152,327 bp, and each genome contained 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. Comparative analysis showed a rather high level of sequence divergence in the four genomes. Moreover, eight hypervariable regions were identified, petN-psbM, psbZ-trnG-GCC, trnT-UGU-trnL-UAA, accD-psbI, ndhF-rpl32, rpl32-trnL-UAG, ndhA-intron and ycf1, which are proposed for use as DNA barcode regions. Phylogenetic relationships based on the plastid genomes of 23 species of 14 genera of Urticaceae resulted in the placement of Pilea in the middle and lower part of the phylogenetic tree, with 100% bootstrap support within Urticaceae.Conclusion: Our results enrich the resources concerning plastid genomes. Comparative plastome analysis provides insight into the interspecific diversity of the plastid genome of Pilea. The identified hypervariable regions could be used for developing molecular markers applicable in various research areas.
Demand- and Supply-side Factors Associated with the Use of Contraceptive Methods in Pakistan: A Contemplative Study of Demographic and Health Surveys, 1990–2018
Authors: Jabeen Sadia , Rathor Adnan , Riaz Maria , Zakar Rubeena , Fischer Florian
Published: October 2020

Background: A remarkable decline in fertility rates has been observed in many countries, with a primary determinant being an increase in the use of contraceptives. However, the birth rate in Pakistan is still higher compared to the other countries of the region. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of demand- and supply-side factors associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan.Method: Secondary data analysis of four data series of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS 1990–91, 2006–07, 2012–13 and 2017–18) were used. The data includes ever-married women aged 15–49 years who had given birth in the previous five years and participated in the family planning module of the PDHS. A total of 25,318 women were included in the analysis. Data were analysed by investigating the associations between independent variables (demand- and supply-side factors) and the use of contraceptive measures through unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR).Results: The results among demand-side factors indicated that in 2012–13, women without media exposure were less likely to use contraceptives and the trend remains almost constant for 2017–18 (AOR = 0.664, 95 % CI: 0.562–0.784) in 2012–13 and (AOR = 0.654, 95 % CI: 0.483–0.885) in 2017–18; however, they still show a lower likelihood of using contraceptives without media exposure. The results among supply-side factors indicated that absence of transport (2012–13) and limited visits by family planning workers over the previous 12 months (2006–07, 2012–13 and 2017–18) remained significant factors for not using contraceptive methods. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that certain demand- and supply-side factors are associated with the use of contraceptive measures in Pakistan. It highlights the need for the provision of family planning resources and further structural factors, particularly in remote areas.
A potential role for insulin treatment during pregnancy in reducing postpartum psychological distress in maternal obesity: An administrative population health study
Authors: Jarmasz Jessica Stawski , ANDERSON Alexandrea , Bock Margaret E. , Jin Yan , Cattini Peter A. , Ruth Chelsea
Published: October 2020

Background: Studies have found an association between obesity and an increased risk for peripartum depression, which has also been linked to decreased placental lactogen levels. In addition, women with obesity treated for gestational diabetes with insulin were found to have increased levels of placental lactogen. Treatment options exist for perinatal and postpartum depression however, they pose a risk to the developing offspring. Thus, prevention as well as markers for early identification of peripartum depression are needed. Therefore, our study objective is to identify the association between insulin treatment in pregnancy and the risk of postpartum psychological distress (abbreviated here as PPD) among cohorts of women with and without obesity.Methods: Administrative health data (2002/03-2018/19) were used to identify a cohort of women (age 15+ years) who gave birth (N=250,746) and had no pre-existing mood/anxiety disorders or diabetes (N=222,863 excluded). Women were then divided into two groups: lean (N=17,975) and with obesity (N=9,908), which was identified by a recorded maternal weight of >38 - <65.6 kg and ≥85 - <186 kg (respectively). The risk of PPD within one year after delivery with and without insulin treatment was assessed by Poisson regression analysis. Models were adjusted for maternal age group (at pregnancy start date) and area-level income (at delivery).Results: The unadjusted risk of PPD was higher in the obesity group (8.56%; 95% CI 8.00 - 9.15) than in the lean group (6.93%; 95% CI 6.56 - 7.33). When no insulin treatment was given during pregnancy, mothers with obesity had a significantly higher risk of PPD than the lean group (aRR 1.27; 95% CI 1.17-1.39; p<0.0001). However, when women with obesity and insulin treatment were compared to the lean group with no insulin treatment, no significant difference in the risk of PPD was observed between the groups (aRR 1.30; 95% CI 0.83-2.02; p=0.248).Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate a positive association between insulin treatment in pregnancy among women with obesity and reduced PPD rates, suggesting insulin as a preventative measure, and further supporting placental lactogen levels as a potential marker for early identification.
Surgical outcomes of the thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum: A retrospective analysis of 61 cases
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Shindo Shigeo , Yoshii Toshitaka , Ushio Shuta , Kusano Kazuo , Miyake Norihiko , Arai Yoshiyasu , Otani Kazuyuki , Okawa Atsushi , Nakai Osamu
Published: October 2020

Background: Thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (T-OLF), as one of the causes of thoracic myelopathy, is often combined with other spinal disorders. Concurrent lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LCS) is often obscured by symptoms due to T-OLF, leading to difficulty in identifying the origin of these neurological findings. It is common to be misdiagnosed or delayed diagnosis due to the complicated nature. We evaluated the prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of OLF, especially in patients with LCS.Methods: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the outcomes of 61 patients who underwent thoracic surgeries performed for symptomatic T-OLF. In all the patients, whole spine lesions were evaluated preoperatively. We examined the factors related to poor outcomes (the recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopedic Association score for thoracic myelopathy is less than 40%) following OLF surgeries. We further compared the clinical outcomes according to whether there was concurrent LCS, and determined the optimal surgical approach.Results: The occurrence of T-OLF increased with age. Forty-six cases (75.4%) were considered to be tandem T-OLF and LCS (LCS group). An advanced age, and concurrent LCS were associated with a poor outcome after the surgery, rather than type of surgical procedure, the local T-OLF size, configuration, the number of OLF lesions, or radiographic cervical stenosis. The LCS group significantly included a greater number of elderly, and more light-weighted patients with Modic change in thoracic spine and a greater sagittal vertical axis, resulting in the lower neurological recovery. Additional lumbar surgery (13cases) effectively improved both the T-JOA and L-JOA scores (from 6.5 ± 2.0 points to 8.0 ± 1.8 points, p=0.0406, and from 14.5 ± 4.7 points to 20.7 ± 2.6 points, p=0.001, respectively) in OLF patients with LCS.Conclusions: T-OLF was highly associated with other spinal disorders. Poor outcomes in T-OLF surgery could be associated with age and concurrent LCS, and an additional surgery for another lumbar lesion significantly improved neurological findings in T-OLF patients.
Learning burnout: evaluating the role of social support in medical students
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Shu Tao , Xiang Ming , Feng Zhanchun
Published: October 2020

Background:Burnout is a stress-induced syndrome that is considered closely related to work. Although social support could reduce burnout syndrome, the effect of it on learning burnout in medical students remains unclear. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the association between learning burnout and social support in a cohort of Chinese medical students.Methods:A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to students who participated in online learning in a medical college in Wuhan during the COVID-19 epidemic. We used the Lian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess learning burnout and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) to assess social support.Results:A total of 684 students completed the survey (response rate of 30.9%), of which 315 (46.12%) met standard criteria for learning burnout. We found grade, family income, learning time, and the number of interactions with teachers or classmates had an effect on students’ learning burnout. After adjusting for the grade and residence, there was a significant and relevant association between the social support and learning burnout. (adjusted odds ratio, 0.93 for 1-point decrease in total SSRS score; 95% CI, 0.90 – 0.96; p < 0.001).Conclusions:Learning burnout was highly prevalent in medical students of our college. The social support especially subjective support and utilization of support played a protective role in reducing the risk of learning burnout.
Socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of violence against older adults – Findings from India
Authors: Sinha Debashree , Mishra Prem Shankar , Srivast Shobhit , Kumar Pradeep
Published: October 2020

Background
Violence against older adults is a well-recognised socio-psychological and public health problem worldwide. It is uncared-for, undiagnosed, and untreated problem that is widespread across both developed and developing countries. Therefore, this paper aims to understand the extent of socio-economic status related inequality in violence against older adults.
Methods
Data for this study came from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI). Violence against older adults was the outcome variable for this study and defined as older adults who faced any abuse or violence or neglect or disrespect by any person. Bivariate analysis and regression-based decomposition technique is used to understand the relative contribution of various socioeconomic factors to violence among (N = 9541) older adults.
Results
The most dominant form of violence is verbal (10%) followed by disrespect (5.8%) and economic violence (5.2%). Older adults aged 80 + years [OR: 1.49; CI: 1.14–1.93] and working [OR: 1.26; CI: 1.02–1.56] had higher likelihood to suffer from violence than their counterparts. On the other hand older adults who were currently in union [OR: 0.79; CI: 0.65–0.95], living with children [OR: 0.53; CI: 0.40–0.72] and belonging to richer wealth quintile [OR: 0.35; CI: 0.24–0.51] had lower likelihood to suffer from violence than their counterparts. The decomposition results revealed that poor older adults are more prone to violence (Concentration index: -0.20). Household’s wealth status was responsible for 93.7% of the SES-related inequality whereas living arrangement of older adults explained 13.7% SES-related inequality. Education and working status of older adults made a substantial contribution to the inequalities in reported violence, explaining 3.7% and 3.3% of the total inequality, respectively.
Conclusion
With no or meagre income of their own, older adults belonging to the poorest wealth quintile have little or no bargaining power to secure a violent free environment for themselves. Therefore, special attention in terms of social and economic support should be given to the economically vulnerable older population.
Takotsubo Syndrome induced by brachytherapy in a patient with endocervical adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Vieira Aline Cristini , Ribeiro Mauricio Fernando Silva Almeida , Lima Julianne , Filho Jacob Sessim , Carvalho Heloisa de Andrade , Mano Max Senna
Published: October 2020

Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning syndrome and broken heart syndrome, is characterized by acute-onset chest pain, electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities and reversible left ventricular (LV) disfunction in the absence of a culprit obstructive lesion in the coronary arteries; therefore, myocardial infarction is the most important differential diagnosis. Usually induced by emotional/physical stress, its treatment consists in hemodynamic support until complete and spontaneous recovery occurs, which is generally achieved within a few days to weeks. Cervical malignancies are an important public health issue in low/middle-income countries and, in the setting of locally advanced disease, concurrent chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy is considered the standard treatment, harboring curative potential. Case report: We report a case of a 38-year-old woman who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy and developed cardiopulmonary arrest in ventricular fibrillation during a brachytherapy session. Complementary tests disclosed altered ECG and cardiac biomarkers, no evidence of coronary artery obstruction, as well as LV disfunction consistent with TTS on echocardiogram and cardiac MRI. After few days of supportive therapy, complete recovery of heart function was observed. Conclusion: Especially for cancer patients, who usually experience intense emotional/physical stress intrinsically associated with their diagnosis and aggressive treatments, considering TTS as a differential diagnosis is warranted. Intracavitary brachytherapy procedure may represent a trigger for TTS.
Direct Influences of Mesospheric Gravity Waves on Ionosphere over Jammu & Kashmir, India
Authors: Thokuluwa Ramkumar , Malik Manzoor , Ganaie Bilal , Bhat Aashiq
Published: October 2020

As a joint research collaboration between the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), and the University of Kashmir (KU), NARL installed an all-sky airglow CCD imager (with centre wavelengths of 630nm, 557.7nm [2nm band widths] and 840nm [150 nm wide band with blocking notch at 866 nm to avoid the contamination of molecular oxygen emissions]) in the University campus in Srinagar (75E, 34N, geographic) Jammu and Kashmir, India (western Himalayan region). To understand the upper atmospheric dynamics and ionospheric electrodynamics and their associated physical coupling mechanisms, the imager observes airglow emissions of OH molecules and atomic and molecular oxygen occurring at the heights of ~80-300 km. First-time airglow observations in Kashmir commenced in the night of August 11, 2017 and the present work reports on the characteristics of first-time observation of Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs with horizontal wavelengths of ~100-300 km) which occurred during 20:30 - 22:30 hr. IST (Indian standard time) on August 15, 2017 (India independence day). Initially, the phase front of MSTIDs was aligned along the north-west and south-east direction and moved at ~57 m/s towards the south-west direction and finally the westward direction by aligning along the meridian before they disappeared. Along with SAMI-3 ionospheric model simulations, simultaneous multiwavelength airglow observations indicate that secondary gravity waves generated due to dissipation of upward propagating mesospheric gravity waves in the heights of ~85-95 km would have contributed to the generation of MSTIDs in the F region ionospheric plasma through electrodynamical coupling between the E and F region (Perkins instability) ionosphere.
Non-enzymatic Stereoselective S-glycosylation of Polypeptides and Proteins
Authors: Niu Dawen , Wan Li-Qiang , Zhang Xia , Xu Shi-Yang , Shi Rong , Deng Li-Fan , Cao Jin-Ge , Zhou Li , Gong Yanqiu , Shu Xiaoling , Ren Haiyan , Dai Lunzhi , Qi Shiqian
Published: October 2020

Glycosylation (1-4) is an essential and powerful technique that Nature employs to regulate the properties and functions of proteins and polypeptides. Our capacity to emulate Nature’s power, however, is limited by the methods available (5) to perform glycosylation on these complex biomolecules. So far, very few glycosylation reactions could operate under the conditions tolerated by biomolecules (e.g., aqueous media, mild pH, and ambient temperature), and the need to install glycosyl groups in a stereo-controlled fashion poses additional, significant challenges. Here we report a non-enzymatic glycosylation reaction that builds axial S-glycosidic bonds under biorelevant conditions. Our strategy exploits the exceptional functional group tolerance of radical processes, and is enabled by the design and use of allyl glycosyl sulfones as precursors to glycosyl radicals. Our method could introduce a variety of glycosyl units to the cysteine residues of polypeptides in a highly selective fashion. The power of this method is further demonstrated in the direct glycosylation of bioexpressed proteins. Computational and experimental studies provide insights into the reaction mechanism.
Tyrosine and Drug-like Late-stage Benzylic Functionalization via Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Brandhofer Tobias , Derdau Volker , Mendez María , Pöverlein Christoph , Mancheno Olga Garcia
Published: October 2020

Visible light mediated late-stage functionalization is a rising field in synthetic and medicinal chemistry, allowing the fast and diversified modification of valuable, potentially therapeutic compounds such as peptides. However, there are relatively few mild methodologies for the C(sp3)-H functionalization of complex peptides. Herein, we report a visible light mediated photocatalytic protocol for the benzylic C-H modification of tyrosine and related C-H bonds. The embraced radical-cation/deprotonation strategy enables an incorporation of a wide range of valuable functional groups in high yields and chemoselectivity. The mild reaction conditions, site-selectivity and high functional group tolerance was highlighted by the functionalization of complex peptides, drugs and natural products, providing a promising synthetic platform in medicinal chemistry.
The Epidemiological Characteristics of Deaths with COVID-19 in The Early Stage in Wuhan, China
Authors: Bai Jianjun , Shi Fang , Cao Jinhong , Wen Haoyu , Wang Fang , Mubarik Sumaira , Liu Xiaoxue , Yu Yong , Ding Jianbo , Yu Chuanhua
Published: October 2020

Objectives To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of deaths of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China and understand the changing trends of the COVID-19 epidemic and the effects of prevention and control measures in Wuhan.Methods Through the China's Infectious Disease Information System, we collected deaths’ information in Wuhan. We analyzed the patient's demographic characteristics, drew epidemiological curve, made distribution map of epidemic situation, etc. @Risk for fitting distribution, SPSS for statistical analysis, and ArcGIS for mapping.Results As of February 24, 2020, a total of 1833 unique deaths were extracted. Among the deaths with COVID-19, the mild type accounted for the most, 37.2%, followed by severe type, 30.1%. The median age was 70.0 (inter quartile range: 63.0-79.0) years, most of the deaths were distributed in 50-89 age group; no deaths occurred in 0-9 age group; and the male to female ratio was 1.95. A total of 65.7% of the deaths in Wuhan combined with underlying diseases, and the deaths with underlying diseases were mainly male; the main combined underlying diseases were hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The peak of daily deaths appeared on February 14 and then declined after February 14. The median interval from symptom onset to diagnosis was 10.0 (6.0-14.0) days; the interval from onset to diagnosis gradually shortened. The median interval from diagnosis to death was 6.0 (2.0-11.0)days; The median interval from symptom onset to deaths was 17.0 (12.0-22.0)days, respectively. In terms of geographical distribution, the central urban area was more serious. Wuchang District had the highest number of deaths, and Jianghan District had the highest death rate.Conclusion COVID-19 posed a greater threat to the elderly and more men than women, especially elderly men with underlying diseases. The geographical distribution showed that the epidemic in the central area of Wuhan is more serious than in the surrounding areas. Analysis of deaths as of February 24 indicates that the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan has achieved a tremendous improvement, and the strong epidemic control measures taken by Wuhan Government were very effective.
DEPDC1/ EEF1A1 Complex Promotes the Progression of Human Osteosarcoma via Downregulation of FOXO3a
Authors: Shen Lin , Lin Han , Zhang Aijun , Liu Ronghan , Zhou Chendan , Zhang Ying , Zhao Kai , Lu Laitong , Ning Bin
Published: October 2020

BackgroundOsteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumor with poor prognosis. Currently there is no effective therapeutic strategies primarily due to the insufficient understanding its underlying mechanisms. Here we aimed to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying the osteosarcoma progression.MethodsGEO data analysis, immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of differentially genes in human osteosarcoma tissues. Stably transfected human osteosarcoma cells were injected in mouse model to assess the effect of DEPDC1 in vivo. The function of DEPDC1–EEF1A1–FOXO3a axis was detected by mass spectrometry analysis, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments and RNA sequencing in vitro. ResultsBy exploring differentially expressed genes, we found DEPDC1 is highly expressed in human osteosarcoma cells and tissues. Mechanistically, we found the protein expressed by DEPDC1 can directly bind to EEF1A1 through three binding regions, thus forming a complex. Importantly, DEPDC1/EEF1A1 complex can directly inhibit the transcription and expression of FOXO3a in vitro and in vivo, thus promoting the metastasis and proliferation of osteosarcoma. The clinical relevance study showed that overexpression of DEPDC1/EEF1A1 complex is correlated with reduced survival rate of osteosarcoma patients.ConclusionsCollectively, this study demonstrated the DEPDC1/EEF1A1–FOXO3a axis as a critical pathway that promotes the progression of osteosarcoma and leads to poor prognosis. Genetically targeting or pharmacologically inhibiting DEPDC1/EEF1A1–FOXO3a axis may serve a promising strategy for targeting human osteosarcoma.
Duodenal Stump Reinforcement with Purse-string Suture in Distal Gastrectomy under Laparoscope Combined with Uncut Roux-en-Y Reconstruction in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Fengyuan , Xu Jianghao , Xu Hao , Wang Weizhi , Zhang Diancai , Yang Li , Wang Linjun , Ge Yugang , Xia Yiwen , Shi Liang , Wang Lu , Xu Zekuan
Published: October 2020

Background: This study aimed to compare patient outcomes after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction for gastric cancer between a group who underwent a duodenal stump reinforcement procedure and those who did not.Methods: Data from 233 patients with gastric cancer (GC) undergoing distal gastrectomy under laparoscope combined with uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction were retrospectively investigated. Patients were divided into two groups. The non-reinforcement group (NR) underwent surgery from June 2014 to March 2015 with no reinforcement of the duodenal stump (n=54) and the reinforcement group (R) underwent surgery from April 2015 to June 2018 with reinforcement of the duodenal stump (n=179). In group R, the duodenum was divided using an endoscope-assisted linear stapler, which was reinforced by a purse-string suture along the duodenal staple line. Results: Duodenal stump leakage was observed in 2 patients from group NR (3.7%), while no duodenal stump leakage or fistula was detected in group R. In addition, no significant difference was observed in the patient characteristics between group NR and R.Conclusions: The incidence of duodenal stump leakage can be reduced by reinforcement with a purse-string suture.
A novel human multiple myeloma cell line with genetic abnormality of 1q21 gains only and CKS1B overexpression
Authors: Yi Ke , Zhang Hui , Zhang Yajun , Fu Weijun , Hou Jian , Li Rong
Published: October 2020

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematologic malignancy mainly due to its cytogenetic abnormalities. It is important to establish permanent malignant MM cell lines as effective tools to develop more effective therapies.
Results

We established and characterized a new multiple myeloma (MM) cell line CZ2 from the pleural effusion of a 70-year-old man. Using nephelometry and flow cytometry, cells with typical plasma cell morphology but not classical plasma cell phenotype were found to be non-immunoglobulin-secretary cells. FISH analysis of cells revealed a unique characteristic that there is only gain of 1q21 region(1q21+), while no other common cytogenetic abnormalities of multiple myeloma such as deletion of 17p(17p-), deletion of 13q(13q-) and translocation of IgH. In addition, the original cell line maintains its single cytogenetic abnormality. Meanwhile, CKS1B, an adverse prognostic gene which is located in 1q21 region was highly expressed in CZ2 using western blotting. Knockdown of CKS1B could reduce cell viability in addition that cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase3 would be decreased.
Conclusions

Therefore, CZ2 provides a suitable material for cellular and molecular studies of multiple myeloma with only 1q21 abnormality. The cell line characterized by gain of 1q21 and high expression of CKS1B is an important model for studies of myeloma cell growth and drug resistance during therapy.