bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cue-based feeding in the NICU—a pathway to earlier oral feeding of preterm infants
Authors: Ofek Shlomai Noa , Mordechai Chen , Morag Iris , Bdolach Abram Tali , Eventov Friedman Smadar
Published: September 2024

Aim

To compare volume-driven and cue-based feeding of low birth weight preterm infants, regarding short-term outcomes, including transition to oral feeds, weight gain, and length of stay.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. Feeding and weight gain outcomes were compared between infants fed by volume-driven and cue-based feeds. The groups were subdivided by birth weight categories.

Results

The study group included 240 low birth weight preterm infants born before 34 weeks of gestation, 120 infants fed by volume-driven feeding were compared to 120 infants fed by cue-based feeding. The groups were sub-analyzed by birth weight categories: <1,500 g and 1,500–2,500 g. Study groups were comparable regarding baseline characteristics and neonatal morbidities. Infants fed by cue-based feeding were more likely to achieve full oral feeding faster and at an earlier gestational age. Infants with a birth weight <1,500 g were less likely to experience adverse respiratory episodes during cue-based feeding. Although the rate of weight gain was reduced in cue-based feeding in the heavier infant group, discharge weight, breastfeeding rates, and length of stay were comparable between the groups.

Conclusions

Cue-based feeding results in faster transition to full oral feeding in very low birth weight preterm infants and at an earlier gestational age.
Adverse event profile differences between pralsetinib and selpercatinib: a real-world study based on the FDA adverse events reporting system
Authors: Jie Qiong , Li Yuanyuan , Jing Li , Chen Jinjin , Li Yang
Published: September 2024

Aims

The objective of this study is to compare the adverse events (AEs) associated with pralsetinib and selpercatinib.

Methods

To evaluate the imbalance of AEs linked to pralsetinib and selpercatinib in real-world data, the reporting odds ratio (ROR) was utilized to detect potential signals of AEs. Stratified analysis was conducted to examine the differences in AEs occurring among different genders and age groups taking pralsetinib and selpercatinib.

Results

FAERS received 891 reports for pralsetinib and 569 reports for selpercatinib. Our analysis confirmed expected AEs like hypertension, fatigue, and elevated transaminase levels. Unexpected AEs such as rhabdomyolysis, myocardial injury and cognitive disorder were associated with pralsetinib, while selpercatinib was linked with pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and pericardial effusion. The risk of AEs such as decreased platelet count, anemia, decreased white blood cell count, pneumonitis, asthenia, and edema caused by pralsetinib is significantly higher than that of selpercatinib. In contrast, the risk of AEs such as ascites, elevated alanine aminotransferase, and elevated aspartate aminotransferase caused by selpercatinib is significantly higher than that of pralsetinib. Women treated with pralsetinib experience higher rates of hypertension, pulmonary embolism, and blurred vision than men, who are more susceptible to rhabdomyolysis. Adults between 18 and 65 years are more likely to experience taste disorder, edema, and pulmonary embolism than individuals older than 65, who are particularly vulnerable to hypertension. For patients treated with selpercatinib, males demonstrate a significantly higher incidence of QT prolongation, urinary tract infection, and dysphagia. Individuals aged 18 to 65 are more likely to experience pyrexia and pleural effusion than those older than 65, who are more prone to hypersensitivity.

Conclusion

In the clinical administration of pralsetinib and selpercatinib, it is crucial to monitor the effects of gender and age on AEs and to be vigilant for unlisted AEs.
A validated UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of pyrotinib and population pharmacokinetic study of pyrotinib in HER2-positive breast cancer patients
Authors: Zhu Yunfang , Xu Yuxiang , Zhao Haopeng , Qie Hongxin , Gao Xiaonan , Gao Jinglin , Feng Zhangying , Bai Jing , Feng Rui , Wang Mingxia
Published: September 2024

Objective

Pyrotinb has been approved for the treatment of HER2-positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer in China. However, the plasma concentration of pyrotinb in different patients varies greatly, and in the course of treatment, if patients have intolerable adverse reactions, the drug dosage will be reduced or even stopped. This study set out to establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of pyrotinb in human plasma, analyze the population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of pyrotinib and assess the influence of patient variables on PK of pyrotinib in patients with HER2 positive breast cancer.

Method

An UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to measure pyrotinib in human plasma. Utilizing a gradient elution procedure and a Kinetex C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm), sample separation was accomplished in 5.5 min. Pyrotinb extraction via protein precipitation was used as a sample pre-treatment technique. In total, 50 patients provided 158 plasma samples, which were identified and used in the PPK investigation. The non-linear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM) approach was used to assess the plasma concentrations and covariates information. For the final PPK model evaluation, external evaluation, non-parametric bootstrap, visual predictive check (VPC), and goodness-of-fit (GOF) were used.

Results

The UPLC-MS/MS method for determining plasma concentration of pyrotinib in patients had good selectivity and linearity in the range of 1–1,000 ng/mL. Pyrotinib concentration profile in HER2-positive breast cancer patients was well described by a single-compartment PPK model with first-order absorption and elimination. The formulas for the final estimated values of overall parameters of CL/F and Vd/F and Ka are respectively: CL/FL/h=88.8×eTP/67.2×0.376, V/FL=3940, KAh−1=0.357FIXED. No dosage adjustment was advised, despite the possibility that the total protein levels could have a substantial impact on the apparent distribution volume of pyrotinib with limited magnitude.

Conclusion

In this study, an UPLC-MS/MS method was established to determine the concentration of pyrotinib in human plasma. A population pharmacokinetic model of pyrotinib in HER2 positive breast cancer patients suggested that low serum total protein reduced the clearance rate of pyrotinib in patients. Clinical medical staff should pay attention to the liver function of patients with abnormal serum total protein and be alert to the occurrence of adverse drug reactions.
A quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) platform for preclinical to clinical translation of in-vivo CRISPR-Cas therapy
Authors: Desai Devam A. , Schmidt Stephan , Cristofoletti Rodrigo
Published: September 2024

Background: In-vivo CRISPR Cas genome editing is a complex therapy involving lipid nanoparticle (LNP), messenger RNA (mRNA), and single guide RNA (sgRNA). This novel modality requires prior modeling to predict dose-exposure-response relationships due to limited information on sgRNA and mRNA biodistribution. This work presents a QSP model to characterize, predict, and translate the Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of CRISPR therapies from preclinical species (mouse, non-human primate (NHP)) to humans using two case studies: transthyretin amyloidosis and LDL-cholesterol reduction.

Methods: PK/PD data were sourced from literature. The QSP model incorporates mechanisms post-IV injection: 1) LNP binding to opsonins in liver vasculature; 2) Phagocytosis into the Mononuclear Phagocytotic System (MPS); 3) LNP internalization via endocytosis and LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis in the liver; 4) Cellular internalization and transgene product release; 5) mRNA and sgRNA disposition via exocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis; 6) Renal elimination of LNP and sgRNA; 7) Exonuclease degradation of sgRNA and mRNA; 8) mRNA translation into Cas9 and RNP complex formation for gene editing. Monte-Carlo simulations were performed for 1000 subjects and showed a reduction in serum TTR.

Results: The rate of internalization in interstitial layer was 0.039 1/h in NHP and 0.007 1/h in humans. The rate of exocytosis was 6.84 1/h in mouse, 2690 1/h in NHP, and 775 1/h in humans. Pharmacodynamics were modeled using an indirect response model, estimating first-order degradation rate (0.493 1/d) and TTR reduction parameters in NHP.

Discussion: The QSP model effectively characterized biodistribution and dose-exposure relationships, aiding the development of these novel therapies. The utility of platform QSP model can be paramount in facilitating the discovery and development of these novel agents.
Damage detection of composite laminates based on deep learnings
Authors: Jiang JianHua , Wang Zhengshui
Published: September 2024

Composite structure is widely used in various technological fields because of its superior material properties. Composite structure detection technology has been exploring efficient and fast damage detection technology. In this paper, image-based NDT technology is proposed to detect composite damage using deep learning. A data set was established through literature, which contained images of damaged and non-damaged composite material structures. Then, five convolutional neural network models Alexnet, VGG16, ResNet-34, ResNet-50, and GoogleNet were used to automatically classify the damage. Finally, the performance of five pre-trained network architectures is evaluated, and the results show that RESNET-50 technology can successfully detect damage in a reasonable computation time with the highest accuracy and low complexity using relatively small image datasets.
Physics of the Edwards–Anderson spin glass in dimensions d = 3, … ,8 from heuristic ground state optimization
Authors: Boettcher Stefan
Published: September 2024

We present a collection of simulations of the Edwards–Anderson lattice spin glass at T=0 to elucidate the nature of low-energy excitations over a range of dimensions that reach from physically realizable systems to the mean-field limit. Using heuristic methods, we sample the ground states of instances to determine their energies while eliciting excitations through manipulating boundary conditions. We exploit the universality of the phase diagram of bond-diluted lattices to make such a study in higher dimensions computationally feasible. As a result, we obtain a variety of accurate exponents for domain wall stiffness and finite-size corrections, which allow us to examine their dimensional behavior and their connection with predictions from mean-field theory. We also provide an experimentally testable prediction for the thermal-to-percolative crossover exponent in dilute lattice Ising spin glasses.
A gap in the recognition of two mycorrhizal factors: new insights into two LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors
Authors: He Junliang , Huang Renliang , Xie Xianan
Published: September 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are crucial components of the plant microbiota and can form symbioses with 72% of land plants. Researchers have long known that AM symbioses have dramatic effects on plant performance and also provide multiple ecological services in terrestrial environments. The successful establishment of AM symbioses relies on the host plant recognition of the diffusible mycorrhizal (Myc) factors, lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and chitooligosaccharides (COs). Among them, the short-chain COs such as CO4/5 secreted by AM fungi are the major Myc factors in COs. In this review, we summarize current advances, develop the concept of mycorrhizal biceptor complex (double receptor complexes for Myc-LCOs and CO4/5 in the same plant), and provide a perspective on the future development of mycorrhizal receptors. First, we focus on the distinct perception of two Myc factors by different host plant species, highlighting the essential role of Lysin-Motif (LysM)-type mycorrhizal receptors in perceiving them. Second, we propose the underlying molecular mechanisms by which LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors in various plants recognize both the Myc-LCOs and -COs. Finally, we explore future prospects for studies on the biceptor complex (Myc-LCO and -CO receptors) in dicots to facilitate the utilization of them in cereal crops (particularly in modern cultivated rice). In conclusion, our understanding of the precise perception processes during host plant interacting with AM fungi, where LysM-type mycorrhizal receptors act as recruiters, provides the tools to design biotechnological applications addressing agricultural challenges.
Microbial diversity and potential functional dynamics within the rhizocompartments of Dendrobium huoshanense
Authors: Xie Guijuan , Yin Zhichao , Zhang Zhenlin , Wang Xinyu , Sun Chuanbo
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Understanding the microbial diversity and potential functional dynamics within the rhizocompartments of Dendrobium huoshanense is crucial for unraveling the plant–microbe interactions that influence its medicinal properties.

Methods

This study is the first to characterize the microbiome associated with the rhizocompartments of D. huoshanense, including its cultivation medium, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and root endosphere, using high-throughput sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analysis.

Results

Bacterial phylogenetic diversity was significantly higher in the endosphere than in the rhizosphere, while fungal α-diversity significantly decreased from the cultivation medium to the endosphere. Both bacterial and fungal niche widths decreased from the cultivation medium to the endosphere. β-Diversity analysis revealed distinct spatial patterns in both bacterial and fungal communities across the rhizocompartments, with the most pronounced differences between the cultivation medium and the endosphere. Taxonomically, Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were predominant in the endosphere for bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. Functional predictions showed significant enrichment of pathways related to xenobiotics biodegradation, lipid metabolism, and nitrogen fixation in the endosphere, while functions associated with plant pathogens and saprotrophs were significantly reduced.

Discussion

The results indicate a shift from generalist to specialist microbes from the cultivation medium to the endosphere, suggesting that D. huoshanense exerts strong selective pressure for endophytic fungi. Interestingly, a high proportion of fungi with unknown functions were found in the endosphere, highlighting an area for further research regarding the medicinal efficacy of D. huoshanense. Overall, this study provides foundational data for understanding the adaptive evolution of these microbial communities in response to specific microhabitats.
Drought stress reduces arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) roots and plant growth promotion via lipid metabolism
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yin Xilong , Feng Zengwei , Liu Xiaodi , Zhu Fengwa , Zhu Honghui , Yao Qing
Published: September 2024

Drought stress poses increasingly serious threats to agricultural production in the era of global climate change. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well-recognized biostimulants promoting plant tolerance to drought stress. Lipids are indispensable for AM fungal colonization, however, the involvement of lipid metabolism in the drought tolerance conferred by AM fungi is largely unknown. In this study, we inoculated Poncirus trifoliata (L.) with Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198 under no drought stress, medium drought stress and severe drought stress, with non-inoculation under respective treatments as control. Results indicated that AM fungal inoculation significantly promoted the drought tolerance of P. trifoliata (L.), with the effect size decreasing along with drought severity. Moreover, the effect size was significantly related to arbuscule abundance. Fatty acid profiling showed that the arbuscule abundance was determined by the AM-specific phospholipids (PLs), whose biosynthesis and delivery were inhibited by drought stress as revealed by qRT-PCR of FatM, RAM1 and STR/STR2. More interestingly, AM fungal inoculation increased the lipid allocation to total PLs and the unsaturation rate of total neutral lipids (NLs), probably indicating the involvement of non-AM-specific lipids in the increased drought tolerance. Taken together, our results demonstrate that lipid metabolism in AM mediates the increased drought tolerance conferred by AM fungal inoculation, with AM-specific and non-AM-specific lipids functioning therein in different ways.
Anticipatory approach to war and agenda building: a content analysis study of Portuguese press coverage of the Ukraine war (2014–2023)
Authors: Espírito Santo Paula
Published: September 2024

This study, grounded in an anticipatory approach and viewed from an agenda-building perspective, explores the role of the press as a key player, especially in the context of the Russia–Ukraine war. The central research question is: how can communication and the press play a role during war to break a reactive response cycle? The anticipatory approach has proven highly valuable in many fields, especially when addressing the urgency of several policy domains that require greater evidence and research. Communication, particularly the role of the press during a war, can be seen as the final layer perceived directly by the population. The agenda-building approach has been key in understanding news-making processes. From an anticipatory perspective, analyzing media coverage allows for the examination of the inter-influence between policymakers, decision-making outcomes, and various social and media agents. Methodologically, this study applies the content-analysis technique to a selection of Portuguese newspapers (daily and weekly) covering the period from 2014 to 2023. The criteria for selecting news articles included those providing political and strategic information regarding the Ukraine war, with references to international organizations, European Union actors, and Russian and Ukrainian actors. The expected results aim to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between different regimes and how policymakers and political processes are dynamically positioned for future actions, considering the role of the press.
Using behavior and eye-fixations to detect feigned memory impairment
Authors: Gomes Filomena , Ferreira Inês , Rosa Bruno , Martins da Silva Ana , Cavaco Sara
Published: September 2024

Background

Detecting invalid cognitive performance is an important clinical challenge in neuropsychological assessment. The aim of this study was to explore behavior and eye-fixations responses during the performance of a computerized version of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM-C) under standard vs. feigning conditions.

Participants and methods

TOMM-C with eye-tracking recording was performed by 60 healthy individuals (31 with standard instruction – SI; and 29 were instructed to feign memory impairment: 21 Naïve Simulators – NS and 8 Coached Simulators – CS) and 14 patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and memory complaints performed. Number of correct responses, response time, number of fixations, and fixation time in old vs. new stimuli were recorded. Nonparametric tests were applied for group comparison.

Results

NS produced fewer correct responses and had longer response times in comparison to SI on all three trials. SI showed more fixations and longer fixation time on previously presented stimuli (i.e., familiarity preference) specially on Trial 1, whereas NS had more fixations and longer fixation time on new stimuli (i.e., novelty preference) specially in the Retention trial. MS patients produced longer response time and had a different fixation pattern than SI subjects. No behavioral or oculomotor difference was observed between NS and CS.

Conclusion

Healthy simulators have a distinct behavioral and eye-fixation response pattern, reflecting a novelty preference. Oculomotor measures may be useful to detect exaggeration or fabrication of cognitive dysfunction. Though, its application in clinical populations may be limited.
Relationship of prefrontal cortex activity with anhedonia and cognitive function in major depressive disorder: an fNIRS study
Authors: Fan Huanhuan , Li Qing , Du Yue , Yan Yushun , Ni Rongjun , Wei Jinxue , Zhao Liansheng , Yang Xiao , Ma Xiaohong
Published: September 2024

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with deficits in cognitive function, thought to be related to underlying decreased hedonic experiences. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of functional brain activity in this relationship. In this study, we investigated the neurofunctional correlate of the interplay between cognitive function and hedonic experiences in medication-free MDD using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Methods

We examine differences of brain activation corresponding to the verbal fluency test (VFT) between MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). Fifty-six MDD patients and 35 HCs underwent fMRI scanning while performing the VFT. In exploratory analyses, cognitive performance, as assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), four dimensions of hedonic processing (desire, motivation, effort, and consummatory pleasure) measured by the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), and relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration during the VFT were compared across groups.

Results

Patients with MDD demonstrated impairments in sustained attention and working memory, accompanied by lower total and subscale scores on the DARS. Compared to healthy controls, MDD patients exhibited reduced activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during the VFT task (t = 2.32 to 4.77, p < 0.001 to 0.02, FDR corrected). DARS motivation, desire, and total scores as well as sustained attention, were positively correlated with activation in the dorsolateral PFC and Broca’s area (p < 0.05, FDR corrected).

Conclusions

These findings indicate that changes in prefrontal lobe oxygenated hemoglobin levels, a region implicated in hedonic motivation and cognitive function, may serve as potential biomarkers for interventions targeting individuals with MDD. Our results corroborate the clinical consensus that the prefrontal cortex is a primary target for non-invasive neuromodulatory treatments for depression.
Definition, assessment and treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia: expert opinion and practical recommendations
Authors: Vita Antonio , Barlati Stefano , Cavallaro Roberto , Mucci Armida , Riva Marco A. , Rocca Paola , Rossi Alessandro , Galderisi Silvana
Published: September 2024

A considerable proportion of patients with schizophrenia perform below population norms on standardized neuropsychological tests, and the performance of those performing within normal range is lower than predicted based on parental education. Cognitive impairment predates the onset of psychosis, is observed during symptom remission and in non-affected first-degree relatives of patients. At the present time, cognitive deficits are regarded as key features of schizophrenia, important determinants of poor psychosocial outcome and targets for both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies. A group of eight key opinion leaders reviewed and discussed latest advances in scientific research and current good clinical practices on assessment, management, and treatment of CIAS. In the present paper they summarize the current evidence, identify main gaps between current knowledge and mental health services clinical practice, and provide practical recommendations to reduce the gap.
Dengue in Pune city, India (2017–2019): a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Arankalle Vidya , Shrivastava Shubham , Kulkarni Ruta , Patil Rahul , Tiraki Divya , Mankar Sanjay , Taru Rohini Mahesh , Lavange Raj , Diwan Arundhati , Lalwani Sanjay , Mishra AkhileshChandra
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To understand the dynamics of dengue disease with special reference to (1) age (2) primary/secondary infections (3) serostatus and (4) serotypes examined during three consecutive years.

Methods

During 3 dengue seasons (2017–19), NS1/IgM ELISAs were used for dengue diagnosis in one of the 15 administrative wards of Pune City, India. Predefined symptoms were recorded at the time of diagnosis/hospitalization. IgG-capture ELISA (Panbio) was used to differentiate primary/secondary infections. DENV serotypes were determined for 260 viral RNA-positive patients.

Results

During the 3 years, 3,014/6,786 (44.4%, 41.4–49.9%) suspected cases were diagnosed as dengue. Use of either NS1 or IgM would have missed 25.5% or 43% of the confirmed dengue cases, respectively. Notably, a higher proportion of secondary dengue cases remained mild while a substantial proportion of primary infections developed warning signs. The symptoms among Dengue/non-dengue patients and primary/secondary infections varied and influenced by age and serostatus. The number and proportion of dengue serotypes varied yearly. A remarkable decline in dengue cases was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic years.

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of primary and secondary dengue patients progress to warning signs/severity or mild infection respectively, underscoring the possible role of non-ADE mechanisms in causing severe dengue that requires hospitalization. Both NS1 and IgM should be used for efficient diagnosis.
Effects of different periodontal interventions on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wu Jianru , Wu Jingying , Tang Biyu , Zhang Ze , Wei Fenfang , Yu Dingbiao , Li Limin , Zhao Yue , Wang Bei , Wu Wenyu , Hong Xiang
Published: September 2024

Background

Periodontal disease is widespread among pregnant women, and it is possible that taking action to improve oral health conditions can make improvements in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Herein, we summarize the recent evidence using a network meta-analysis to assess the effects of different periodontal treatment intervention strategies on the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women.

Materials and methods

Randomized controlled trials were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. After literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation of the included literature were performed, the R studio 4.2.2 “netmeta” package was used for the network meta-analysis.

Results

A total of 20 studies were included, and 5 adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, preterm birth and/or low birth weight infants, small for gestational age, and pre-eclampsia) were considered to examine the effects of different periodontal treatment interventions strategies on the risk of the abovementioned outcome indicators. The results of the network meta-analysis demonstrated that the three periodontal treatment intervention strategies of sub- and/or supra-gingival scaling and root planing + chlorhexidine rinsing (SRP + CR), sub- and/or supra-gingival scaling and root planing+chlorhexidine rinsing + tooth polishing and plaque control (SRP + CR + TP), and sub- and/or supra-gingival scaling and root planing +sonic toothbrush + tooth polishing and plaque control (SRP + ST + TP) reduced the risk of preterm birth [odds ratio (OR) = 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.10–0.88), OR = 0.25, 95CI% (0.10–0.63), OR = 0.28, 95CI% (0.11–0.69), respectively]. In addition, two periodontal treatment intervention strategies, SRP + CR and SRP + CR + TP, were effective methods in terms of the risk of preterm birth and/or low birth weight [OR = 0.18, 95CI% (0.06–0.52), OR = 0.31, 95CI% (0.12–0.79)].

Conclusion

The available evidence suggests that the risk of preterm birth and preterm birth and/or low birth weight can be reduced with certain periodontal treatment intervention strategies. Future studies should focus on optimizing intervention strategies and the optimal timing for different periods of pregnancy, in order to provide a reference for pregnant women’s healthcare.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=407901, CRD42023407901.
Enhancement or suppression: a double-edged sword? Differential association of digital literacy with subjective health of older adult—evidence from China
Authors: Yan Qi-Song , Guo Qiao
Published: September 2024

Background

The emergence of an aging society and the digital age makes healthy aging a hot topic in Chinese society. This paper explores the associations between digital literacy and the subjective health of older adult individuals in PR China, offering insights that May assist policymakers and service providers in developing strategies and interventions suited to the digital era, potentially enhancing the healthy aging process for this demographic in China.

Methods

This study utilized data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey. Initially, demographic variables of 2086 individuals in the sample were analyzed. Subjective health differences among different populations and correlations between core variables were examined. Subsequently, multivariate linear regression and chain mediation methods were utilized to examine the relationships and potential pathways among the three dimensions of digital literacy and the subjective health of older adult individuals.

Results

(1) The subjective health status of older adult individuals in China was generally favorable, with an average score of 3.406 ± 0.764. (2) There was no direct correlation observed between the frequency of digital information use and the subjective health of the older adult (b = −0.032, p > 0.1). Digital entertainment information (b = 0.294, p > 0.1) did not show a significant effect, whereas life management information (b = 0.437, p < 0.01) demonstrated a positive association. Similarly, the use of smart healthcare devices (b = 0.842, p < 0.001) indicated a positive association (3) The frequency of digital information use indirectly enhanced the subjective health of the older adult through life management digital information and the use of smart healthcare devices, but had no indirect effect through entertainment and leisure digital information.

Conclusion

Digital literacy is significantly correlated with the subjective health of the older adult, especially when they acquire life management information and utilize smart healthcare devices. However, a potential negative relationship is suggested between digital entertainment information and the subjective health of older adult individuals. Therefore, digital infrastructure should have prioritized the provision of high-quality, age-friendly digital applications for the older adult. This approach could have better harnessed the potential of digitalization to enhance health and well-being in older adults.
Predicting herd immunity achievement: a time-series analysis of vaccination and fatality rates using 1,075 days of COVID-19 data
Authors: Hon Benny Yiu Chung , Chan Jeffrey , Ng Kei Shing , Lam Simon Ching
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by SARS-CoV-2, has made vaccination a critical strategy for global control. However, vaccine hesitancy, particularly among certain age groups, remains a significant barrier to achieving herd immunity.

Methods

This study uses Poisson regression and ARIMA time-series modeling to identify factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, understand age-specific vaccination preferences, and assess the impact of bivalent vaccines on reducing hesitancy and fatality rates. It also predicts the time required to achieve herd immunity by analyzing factors such as vaccine dosing intervals, age-specific preferences, and changes in fatality rates.

Results

The study finds that individuals recovering from COVID-19 often delay vaccination due to perceived immunity. There is a preference for combining BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines. The BNT162b2 bivalent vaccine has significantly reduced vaccine hesitancy and is linked with lower fatality rates, particularly in those aged 80 and above. However, it tends to induce more severe side effects compared to Sinovac. Vaccine hesitancy is most prevalent among the youngest (0–11) and oldest (80+) age groups, posing a challenge to reaching 90% vaccination coverage.

Conclusion

Vaccine hesitancy is a major obstacle to herd immunity. Effective strategies include creating urgency, offering incentives, and prioritizing vulnerable age groups. Despite these challenges, the government should have continued to encourage vaccinations while gradually lifting COVID-19 control measures, balancing public health safety with the return to normal life, as was observed in the transition period during the latter stages of the pandemic.
The Tulumbe! Partnership: a case study in developing a community-led research agenda to address HIV among African immigrants in the United States
Authors: Nnaji Chioma , Anyango Lorraine , Bova Carol , Kiggundu Frederick , Mbao Mbita , Oloyede Dara , Omotola Ayomide
Published: September 2024

Grassroots, community organizations are trusted resources within communities, which puts them in an ideal position to effectively engage individuals impacted by health inequities in defining meaningful research priorities. A community-centered approach to HIV research is critical for African immigrants living in the United States, who experience stigma and other socio-structural barriers to HIV prevention, care, and research engagement. Supporting community organizations with financial resources and capacity building activities to lead the development of research agendas ensures better alignment with community interests and fosters sustainability. We developed a community-initiated and -led research engagement project—Tulumbe!, which prioritized community leadership in all project activities. Community forums, health care provider and community questionnaires, interviews, and report-back sessions were held to examine the research interests and health concerns voiced by African immigrants. The iterative, community-led engagement process of more than 200 African immigrants, health providers, and researchers resulted in a community-defined research agenda with six areas of focus: family communication; self-efficacy for African immigrant women; deconstructing masculinity for African immigrant men; sexual health education for African immigrant youth; HIV stigma; and health literacy. Time, resources, and flexibility are needed to develop a viable community-led research partnership. Investing in community leadership not only produced a patient-centered research agenda but also led to community ownership of the process and results; thus, all partners were committed to sustaining the work.
Association between chronic conditions, multimorbidity, and dependence levels in Chinese community-dwelling older adults with functional dependence: a cross-sectional study in south-central China
Authors: Hu Heng-Yu , Hu Ming-Yue , Feng Hui , Cui Pan-Pan
Published: September 2024

Background

The rising prevalence of multimorbidity and functional dependence in community-dwelling older adults contribute to the demand for home care services. Evidence on how chronic conditions, especially multimorbidity, affect dependence levels among older adults with functional dependence in a socio-cultural context is much needed to inform policy, workforce, aged care service development to meet the care needs of this population.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the association between chronic conditions, multimorbidity and dependence levels among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with functional dependence.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,235 community-dwelling older adults with functional dependence in Hunan province, China, from June to October 2018. Data on socio-demographic factors, cognitive function, vision and hearing conditions, activities of daily living (ADLs), and health conditions were collected, and binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between chronic conditions, multimorbidity and dependence levels, with adjustments for relevant covariates.

Results

Among the participants, 62.9% had multimorbidity. Parkinson’s disease, stroke, COPD, hypertension, mood and psychotic disorders (Anx/Sch/Dep) were significantly associated with high levels of functional dependence. After adjusting for demographic variables, cognitive function, vision, and hearing conditions, we observed a significant relationship between multimorbidity and higher functional dependence, but this association became insignificant when including certain chronic diseases closely associated with high-level dependence. Study revealed that Parkinson’s disease and stroke notably increase dependency risk across seven ADL domains, demonstrating their extensive impact on daily functioning.

Conclusion

The prevalence of multimorbidity among Chinese community-dwelling older adults with functional dependence is very high. The association of multimorbidity with functional dependence is mediated by specific chronic conditions. These findings highlight the necessity of adopting an integrated care model that combines medical and social care, with a particular emphasis on managing multimorbidity and critical chronic conditions that lead to severe functional dependence to preventing and diminish the onset of disabilities.
Role of community engagement in advancing vaccine equity
Authors: Smith Samantha , Marquez Erika , Haboush-Deloye Amanda , Tu Tiana , Goodie Aaliyah , Perez David
Published: September 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing health disparities among historically and currently underserved, underresourced, and marginalized communities worldwide. These communities faced disproportionate COVID-19 morbidity and mortality and were generally less likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccine once it became widely available to the public. Community engagement is an approach that can help bridge these inequities. This community case study adapted and implemented an existing community engagement framework to tailor a statewide vaccine equity effort that addresses community-specific priorities during a public health emergency. The adapted framework includes the following key phases: (1) creating an environment for community engagement; (2) making the work relevant; (3) narrowing the focus; (4) planning and conducting the work; and (5) evaluating the work. All of these supported the successful establishment of a statewide collaboration that consisted of various partners from various sectors who shared a collective commitment to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence and address barriers to vaccination among the diverse communities in Nevada. Ultimately, a community engagement framework can provide a roadmap to navigate the dynamic and multifaceted nature of equity-related work by paving the way for meaningful interventions to mitigate health disparities.
Is being overweight a causal factor in better survival among the oldest old? a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Duan Hongzhe , Arbeev Konstantin , Holmes Rachel , Bagley Olivia , Wu Deqing , Akushevich Igor , Schupf Nicole , Yashin Anatoliy , Ukraintseva Svetlana
Published: September 2024

Overweight, defined by a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 30, has been associated with enhanced survival among older adults in some studies. However, whether being overweight is causally linked to longevity remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study of lifespan 85+ years, using overweight as an exposure variable and data from the Health and Retirement Study and the Long Life Family Study. An essential aspect of MR involves selecting appropriate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables (IVs). This is challenging due to the limited number of SNP candidates within biologically relevant genes that can satisfy all necessary assumptions and criteria. To address this challenge, we employed a novel strategy of creating additional IVs by pairing SNPs between candidate genes. This strategy allowed us to expand the pool of IV candidates with new “composite” SNPs derived from eight candidate obesity genes. Our study found that being overweight between ages 75 and 85, compared to having a normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), significantly contributes to improved survival beyond age 85. Results of this MR study thus support a causal relationship between overweight and longevity in older adults.
MLGCN: an ultra efficient graph convolutional neural model for 3D point cloud analysis
Authors: Khodadad Mohammad , Shiraee Kasmaee Ali , Mahyar Hamidreza , Rezanejad Morteza
Published: September 2024

With the rapid advancement of 3D acquisition technologies, 3D sensors such as LiDARs, 3D scanners, and RGB-D cameras have become increasingly accessible and cost-effective. These sensors generate 3D point cloud data that require efficient algorithms for tasks such as 3D model classification and segmentation. While deep learning techniques have proven effective in these areas, existing models often rely on complex architectures, leading to high computational costs that are impractical for real-time applications like augmented reality and robotics. In this work, we propose the Multi-level Graph Convolutional Neural Network (MLGCN), an ultra-efficient model for 3D point cloud analysis. The MLGCN model utilizes shallow Graph Neural Network (GNN) blocks to extract features at various spatial locality levels, leveraging precomputed KNN graphs shared across GCN blocks. This approach significantly reduces computational overhead and memory usage, making the model well-suited for deployment on low-memory and low-CPU devices. Despite its efficiency, MLGCN achieves competitive performance in object classification and part segmentation tasks, demonstrating results comparable to state-of-the-art models while requiring up to a thousand times fewer floating-point operations and significantly less storage. The contributions of this paper include the introduction of a lightweight, multi-branch graph-based network for 3D shape analysis, the demonstration of the model's efficiency in both computation and storage, and a thorough theoretical and experimental evaluation of the model's performance. We also conduct ablation studies to assess the impact of different branches within the model, providing valuable insights into the role of specific components.
Antibiotic subclasses differentially perturb the gut microbiota in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Dong Hanbo , Li Runzhe , Zhao Ni , Dadhania Darshana M. , Suthanthiran Manikkam , Lee John R. , Ling Wodan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota in kidney transplant recipients is not well characterized. In this study, we determine the impact of different subclasses of antibiotics on the gut microbiota in a cohort of 168 kidney transplant recipients.

Methods

Gut microbiome profiling was performed on 510 fecal specimens using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region. We classified fecal specimens by antibiotic exposure into 5 categories: Beta-lactam, Fluoroquinolone (FQ), Beta-lactam & FQ Group, Other Antibiotics, and No Antibiotic (No Abx). Mixed-effects regression models were utilized to identify changes in microbial diversity and in the centered log-ratio (CLR) transformed abundance of genera while adjusting for important covariates.

Results

Antibiotic administration was associated with a significant decrease in the Shannon alpha diversity index, a decreased abundance of 11 taxa including Eubacterium and Ruminococcus, and an increased abundance of 16 taxa including Enterococcus and Staphylococcus. Exposure to Beta-lactam antibiotics was associated with an increased abundance of 10 taxa including Enterococcus and a decreased abundance of 5 taxa including Eubacterium while exposure to FQ antibiotics was associated with an increased abundance of 3 taxa and a decreased abundance of 4 taxa including Ruminococcus.

Conclusions

Beta-lactam antibiotics and FQ antibiotics have a profound impact on the gut microbiota in kidney transplant recipients. Given the link of the gut microbiota to infectious complications, antibiotic associated changes in the microbiota may lead to an increased risk for further infections.
Isolation and identification of BRV G6P[1] strain in Heilongjiang province, Northeast China
Authors: Li Chunqiu , Wang Xiaoran , Zhu Qinghe , Sun Dongbo
Published: September 2024

Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is the main cause of acute gastroenteritis in calves, resulting in significant economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. Additionally, BRV has multiple genotypes, which could enable cross-species transmission, thereby posing a significant risk to public health. However, there is a problem of multiple genotypes coexisting in BRV, and the cross-protection effect between different genotypes of rotavirus strains is not effective enough. Therefore, mastering clinical epidemic genotypes and using epidemic genotype strains for vaccine preparation is an effective means of preventing and controlling BRV. In this study, BRV strain DQ2020 in MA104 cells was identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips. The whole genome of BRV strain DQ2020 was sequenced and pathogenicity in suckling mice was assessed. The results showed that after 10 passages in MA104 cells, BRV strain DQ2020 induced cytopathic effects. Wheel-shaped virus particles (diameter, ~80 nm) were observed by TEM. A target band of 382 bp was detected by RT-PCR, a positive band was detected with the colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips, and significant green fluorescence was observed by indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). The highest median tissue culture infectious dose of strain DQ2020 after 9 passages in MA104 cells was 10−4.81 viral particles/0.1 mL. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 11 gene fragments, the genotype of BRV strain DQ2020 was G6-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3, confirming transmission of the G6-P[1] genotype in Chinese cattle herds. Further analysis showed that the isolated strain was a reassortant of bovine (VP7, VP6, NSP3, and NSP5), human (VP4, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP2, and NSP4), and ovine (NSP1) rotaviruses. BRV strain DQ2020 caused damage to the intestinal villi of suckling mice and diarrhea, confirming pathogenicity. In summary, this study identified a reassortant strain of bovine, human, and ovine rotavirus that is pathogenic to lactating mice, and conducted whole genome sequence analysis, providing valuable insights for the genetic evolution of the virus and the development of vaccines.
Case Report: Tissue Expanders—Another Tool in the Armamentarium for the Treatment of Complex Ventral Hernia
Authors: Primrose S. , McClaren M. , Slater K.
Published: September 2024

Complex abdominal wall hernias represent a significant reconstructive challenge to the general surgeon. In patients with loss of abdominal domain, standard surgical techniques such as anterior component separation or transversus abdominus muscle release may not allow for primary fascial closure. In complex ventral wall hernias, visceroabdominal disproportion may need to be addressed prior to an attempt at hernia repair. Tissue expanders placed in the intermuscular space is a novel technique used to increase intraabdominal volume and safely allow reduction of viscera with subsequent closure of the myofascia. We present the case of an adult patient with complications of an untreated congenital omphalocele who underwent a successful two stage operation using tissue expanders in the abdominal wall combined with anterior component separation.