Portage Digestif des BÃªta-Lactamases Ã Spectre Ã‰largi Chez Quelques Patients de lâ€™hÃ´pital de la Caisse Nationale de PrÃ©voyance Sociale de Maroua (Cameroun)
Authors: MaÃ¯worÃ© Justine , Baane Martin-Paul , Youssouf Daouda , Bole Jean , Nango Felicien Yvelin Nympeye 
Published: April 2021

La prise dâ€™antibiotiques mal conservÃ©s et le non-respect de leur posologie et diverses contaminations peuvent Ãªtre Ã  lâ€™origine de la rÃ©sistance bactÃ©rienne. Lâ€™objectif de cette Ã©tude est dâ€™Ã©valuer le portage digestif des bÃªtalactamases Ã  spectre Ã©largi chez les patients de lâ€™hÃ´pital de la CNPS (Caisse Nationale de PrÃ©voyance Sociale) de Maroua au Cameroun. Les bactÃ©ries du tube digestif ont Ã©tÃ© cultivÃ©es sur gÃ©lose MÃ¼ller Hinton contenant des disques de cÃ©phalosporine de 3Ã¨me gÃ©nÃ©ration (cÃ©ftriaxone) et incubÃ©s Ã  37Â°C pendant 18 Ã  24 heures. Les bactÃ©ries rÃ©sistantes ont ensuite Ã©tÃ© retenues, caractÃ©risÃ©es et identifiÃ©es par utilisation des galeries API 20E. Les souches productrices de bÃªta-lactamases Ã  spectre Ã©largi ont ensuite Ã©tÃ© dÃ©tectÃ©es par la technique de double synergie. Les rÃ©sultats ont rÃ©vÃ©lÃ© que parmi les patients reÃ§us, la tranche dâ€™Ã¢ge de 20-30 ans Ã©tait la plus reprÃ©sentÃ©e et 93% des patients avaient dÃ©jÃ  pris des antibiotiques. Les bactÃ©ries telles que : Erwingella americana, Pantoea ssp, Serratia fumitica; ProvidenÃ©cia stuartii, Salmonella spp, Kluyvera spp, Cedecea spp, Klebsiella ozaenae, Vibrio cholerae et Pseudomonas spp ont Ã©tÃ© identifiÃ©es. Une forte rÃ©sistance des souches identifiÃ©es a Ã©tÃ© observÃ©e vis-Ã -vis des antibiotiques suivants : lâ€™amoxicilline (88,22%), le cÃ©ftriaxone (88,22%), lâ€™amoxicilline/acide clavulanique (82,35%), le cÃ©ftaxidime (76,47%) et le cÃ©fotaxime (70,59%). Dans lâ€™ensemble, la prÃ©valence des BÃªta-lactamases Ã  spectre Ã©largi est trÃ¨s Ã©levÃ©e parmi les malades frÃ©quentant lâ€™hÃ´pital de la CNPS de Maroua (Cameroun).
 
Taking poorly stored antibiotics and not respecting their dosage and various contaminants can cause bacterial resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the digestive carriage of beta-lactamases with an extended spectrum in patients attending the Hospital of the Medico-social Center of the CNPS (Casse Nationale de Prevoyance Sociale) in Maroua (Cameroon). Bacteria from the digestive tract were isolated on MÃ¼ller Hinton agar containing 3rd generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) discs and incubated at 37Â°C for 18-24 hours The resistant bacteria were then retained, characterized and identified using API 20E galleries. Broad spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains were then detected using the double synergy technique. The results revealed that among the patients received, the 20-30 year age group was the most represented and 93% of the patients had already taken antibiotics. Among the microorganisms isolated in the inhibition zone, 23 strains were Gram negative and 35 Gram positive. Bacteria such as: Erwingella americana, Pantoea ssp, Serratia fumitica; Providencia stuartii, Salmonella spp, Kluyvera spp, Cedecea spp, Klebsiella ozaenae, Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas spp. have been identified. A Strong resistance of the identified strains was observed against the following antibiotics: amoxicillin (88.22%), ceftriaxone (88.22%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (82.35%), ceftaxidime (76.47%) and cefotaxime (70.59%). Overall, the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases is very high among patients attending the CNPS hospital in Maroua (Cameroon)