教養態度與自尊：反思功能之中介角色
Authors: 廖孟真 廖孟真 , 蔡松純 蔡松純 
Published: October 2024

<p>反思功能為近年來提出的一個關於個體之心智能力的概念，本研究欲探討教養態度與個體自尊之關聯，以及反思功能在其中所扮演的中介效果。研究方法採取問卷調查法，以臺灣成年初顯期個體為研究對象，總共蒐集495份有效樣本，以教養態度量表、反思功能問卷、Rosenberg自尊量表為研究工具。</p>
<p>研究結果如下：（1）關懷的教養態度與自主支持的教養態度，對自尊與反思功能皆具有顯著的正向預測效果；而過度保護的教養態度與心理控制的教養態度，對自尊與反思功能皆具有顯著的負向預測效果。（2）反思功能對自尊具有顯著的正向預測效果。（3）反思功能在關懷的教養態度與自尊之間，具有中介預測效果，越高的關懷教養態度透過高反思功能的中介會具有更高程度的自尊。（4）反思功能在過度保護的教養態度與自尊之間，具有中介預測效果，越高的過度保護教養態度透過低反思功能的中介會具有較低程度的自尊。（5）反思功能在自主支持的教養態度與自尊之間，具有中介預測效果，越高的自主支持教養態度透過高反思功能的中介會具有更高程度的自尊。（6）反思功能在心理控制的教養態度與自尊之間，具有中介預測效果，越高的心理控制教養態度透過低反思功能的中介會具有較低程度的自尊。</p>
<p>研究貢獻為提升臨床實務工作者或教育工作者關於個體反思功能的重視，並提供不同的觀點以檢視原生家庭的教養經由透過何種心理運作機制而影響到子女的未來發展。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Reflective function, a recently introduced concept in the field of individual mental abilities, is defined as the ability to understand the mental states behind one’s own or others’ behaviors, recognizing that these behaviors are expressions of one&rsquo;s mental states, such as feelings, thoughts, fantasies, beliefs, and desires. Reflective functions allow individuals to understand their mental state and form the basis of self-construction. In academic research, reflective function is often considered an important mediating variable and is used to measure the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions on case outcomes. As an individual’s reflective function is influenced by attachment, early traumatic experiences, parental reflective function, and parental parenting behaviors, primary caregivers play a crucial role in influencing a child’s reflective function. The parenting attitudes of a primary caregiver are apparent patterns of parent-child interaction. An individual’s reflective function impacts self-identity, mental health, and several other aspects. Self-esteem is an individual overall evaluation of self-worth, which can maintain their psychological well-being and may also be influenced by their reflective function. Based on the above, primary caregivers can affect an individual’s reflective function, mental ability development, and individual perception and evaluation of self-esteem. Several studies have confirmed the effect of parenting on self-esteem. However, whether the impact of parenting attitudes on individuals can extend to emerging adulthood, which is the period between 18 and 29 years of age, remains unclear. In addition, no studies have explored the mediating effect of reflective function on parenting attitudes and self-esteem in emerging adulthood. By clarifying the impact of parenting attitudes on individual reflective function and self-esteem, it will be possible to provide counseling or psychotherapy interventions, allowing them to use appropriate therapeutic techniques, such as mentalization-based therapy (MBT). Therefore, this will enable the opportunity to concomitantly improve individual self-esteem and alleviate the negative impact of vulnerable family factors on individuals. Based on the above research motives, the research objectives of this study are as follows:(1) To examine the relationship between parenting attitudes and reflective function in emerging adulthood. (2) To examine the relationship between reflective function and self-esteem in emerging adulthood. (3) To examine the relationship between parenting attitudes and self-esteem in emerging adulthood. (4) To examine the mediating effect of reflective function on parenting attitudes and self-esteem in emerging adulthood. This study employed a questionnaire survey method among emerging adults in Taiwan. A total of 495 valid samples were collected using the Parenting Attitudes Scale, Reflective Function Questionnaire, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale as research tools. The research results are as follows:(1) Caring and autonomy-supportive parenting attitudes have significant positive predictive effects on selfesteem and reflective functions. Overprotective and psychologically controlling parenting attitudes have significant negative predictive effects on self-esteem and reflective function. (2) Reflective function has a significant positive predictive effect on self-esteem. (3) Reflective function has a mediating predictive effect between caring parenting attitudes and self-esteem. The higher the level of caring parenting attitudes, the higher the level of self-esteem that can be achieved through the mediation of a highly reflective function. (4) Reflective function has a mediating predictive effect on overprotective parenting attitudes and self-esteem. The higher the level of overprotective parenting attitudes, the lower the level of self-esteem that can be achieved through the mediation of a low reflective function. (5) Reflective function has a mediating predictive effect on autonomy-supportive parenting attitudes and selfesteem. The higher the level of autonomy-supportive parenting attitudes, the higher the level of selfesteem that can be achieved through the mediation of a high reflective function. (6) Reflective function has a mediating predictive effect between psychologically controlling parenting attitudes and self-esteem. The higher the level of psychologically controlling parenting attitude, the lower the level of self-esteem that can be achieved through the mediation of low reflective functioning. This study contributes to enhancing the attention of clinical practitioners or educators to individual reflective functions. Moreover, it provides different perspectives to examine the effect of parenting of the family of origin on the future development of children and the psychological mechanisms involved.</p>
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