bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiences from six years of quality assured Model of End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) diagnostics
Authors: Hunold Pascal , Berg Thomas , Seehofer Daniel , Sucher Robert , Herber Adam , Isermann Berend , Thiery Joachim , Kaiser Thorsten
Published: August 2021

Background

The model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was established for the allocation of liver transplants. The score is based on the medical laboratory parameters: bilirubin, creatinine and the international normalized ratio (INR). A verification algorithm for the laboratory MELD diagnostic was established, and the results from the first six years were analyzed.

Methods

We systematically investigated the validity of 7,270 MELD scores during a six-year period. The MELD score was electronically requested by the clinical physician using the laboratory system and calculated and specifically validated by the laboratory physician in the context of previous and additional diagnostics.

Results

In 2.7% (193 of 7,270) of the cases, MELD diagnostics did not fulfill the specified quality criteria. After consultation with the sender, 2.0% (145) of the MELD scores remained invalid for different reasons and could not be reported to the transplant organization. No cases of deliberate misreporting were identified. In 34 cases the dialysis status had to be corrected and there were 24 cases of oral anticoagulation with impact on MELD diagnostics.

Conclusion

Our verification algorithm for MELD diagnostics effectively prevented invalid MELD results and could be adopted by transplant centers to prevent diagnostic errors with possible adverse effects on organ allocation.
Understanding barriers to implementing referral procedures in the rural and semi-urban district hospitals in Tanzania: Experiences of healthcare providers working in maternity units
Authors: Mselle Lilian , Sirili Nathanael , Anaeli Amani , Massawe Siriel
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Maternal and perinatal deaths occurring in low and middle income countries could be prevented with timely access to maternal and new-born care. In order to increase access to maternal and child health services, a well-functioning referral system that allows for continuity of care across different tiers of healthcare is required. A reliable healthcare system, with adequate numbers of skilled staff, resources and mechanisms, is critical to ensuring that access to care is available when the need arises.

Material and methods

This descriptive, qualitative study design was used to explore barriers to implementing a reliable referral system. Twelve individual qualitative interviews were conducted with health care providers working in rural and semi-urban district hospitals in the Northern, Western, Eastern and Southern zones of Tanzania. Thematic analysis guided analysis of data.

Results

Three (3) main and interconnected themes were abstracted from the data relating to participants’ experiences of referring women with obstetric complications to adequate obstetric care. These were: 1. Adhering to a rigid referral protocol; 2. Completing the referral of women to an adequate health facility and 3. Communicating the condition of the woman with obstetric complications between the referring and receiving facilities.

Conclusion

Because of referral regulations, assistant medical officers were unable to make referral decisions even when they felt that a referral was needed. The lack of availability of hospital transport as well as the lack of a reliable feedback mechanism, prohibited effective referrals of patients. The Ministry of Health should revise the referral protocol to allow all clinicians to provide referrals, including assistant medical officers- who make up the majority of clinical staff in rural health care facilities. A mechanism to ensure effective communication between the referral facility and the tertiary care hospital should be instituted for quality and continuity of care. Furthermore, health care facilities should put aside budget for fuelling the ambulance for effective referrals.
Multi- class classification of breast cancer abnormalities using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
Authors: Heenaye-Mamode Khan Maleika , Boodoo-Jahangeer Nazmeen , Dullull Wasiimah , Nathire Shaista , Gao Xiaohong , Sinha G. R. , Nagwanshi Kapil Kumar
Published: August 2021

The real cause of breast cancer is very challenging to determine and therefore early detection of the disease is necessary for reducing the death rate due to risks of breast cancer. Early detection of cancer boosts increasing the survival chance up to 8%. Primarily, breast images emanating from mammograms, X-Rays or MRI are analyzed by radiologists to detect abnormalities. However, even experienced radiologists face problems in identifying features like micro-calcifications, lumps and masses, leading to high false positive and high false negative. Recent advancement in image processing and deep learning create some hopes in devising more enhanced applications that can be used for the early detection of breast cancer. In this work, we have developed a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to segment and classify the various types of breast abnormalities, such as calcifications, masses, asymmetry and carcinomas, unlike existing research work, which mainly classified the cancer into benign and malignant, leading to improved disease management. Firstly, a transfer learning was carried out on our dataset using the pre-trained model ResNet50. Along similar lines, we have developed an enhanced deep learning model, in which learning rate is considered as one of the most important attributes while training the neural network. The learning rate is set adaptively in our proposed model based on changes in error curves during the learning process involved. The proposed deep learning model has achieved a performance of 88% in the classification of these four types of breast cancer abnormalities such as, masses, calcifications, carcinomas and asymmetry mammograms.
Uterine leiomyoma is associated with the risk of developing endometriosis: A nationwide cohort study involving 156,195 women
Authors: Lin Kent Yu-Hsien , Yang Chih-Yi , Lam Alan , Chang Cherry Yin-Yi , Lin Wu-Chou
Published: August 2021

Objective

Evidence for an association between uterine leiomyoma and increased risk of endometriosis is limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. We assessed this association in a large nationwide sample with 14 years of data.

Design

Data were sourced from Taiwan’s Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000).

Materials and methods

We identified 31,239 women aged ≥20 years diagnosed with uterine leiomyoma (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] code 218) between Jan 1, 2000 and Dec 31, 2012, who were matched with 124,956 controls (1:4) by 5-year age groups and year of diagnosis. Follow-up was from the date of LHID2000 entry to the first occurrence of endometriosis, loss to follow-up, insurance termination, or until December 31, 2013, whichever was earlier.

Results

In Cox regression analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for endometriosis in women with uterine leiomyoma was 6.44 (95% CI, 6.18, 6.72) compared with controls. The risk of endometriosis was significantly increased in women with uterine leiomyoma and comorbidities of tube-ovarian infection (aHR 2.86; 95% CI, 1.28, 6.36), endometritis (1.14; 1.06, 1.24), infertility (1.26; 1.16, 1.37), or allergic diseases (1.11; 1.05, 1.17). Having both uterine leiomyoma and endometritis significantly increased the risk of endometriosis (aHR 6.73; 95% CI, 6.07, 7.45) versus having only uterine leiomyoma (6.61; 6.33, 6.91) or endometritis (1.49; 1.31, 1.69). Similarly, having both uterine leiomyoma and infertility significantly increased the risk of endometriosis (aHR 6.95; 95% CI, 6.21, 7.78) versus having only uterine leiomyoma (6.66; 6.38, 6.96) or infertility (1.78; 1.57, 2.02).

Conclusions

A diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma appears to increase the risk of endometriosis. Patients presenting with uterine fibroids should be encouraged to give informed consent for possible simultaneous surgical treatment of endometriosis.
Systematic review of predictive models of microbial water quality at freshwater recreational beaches
Authors: Heasley Cole , Sanchez J. Johanna , Tustin Jordan , Young Ian
Published: August 2021

Monitoring of fecal indicator bacteria at recreational waters is an important public health measure to minimize water-borne disease, however traditional culture methods for quantifying bacteria can take 18–24 hours to obtain a result. To support real-time notifications of water quality, models using environmental variables have been created to predict indicator bacteria levels on the day of sampling. We conducted a systematic review of predictive models of fecal indicator bacteria at freshwater recreational sites in temperate climates to identify and describe the existing approaches, trends, and their performance to inform beach water management policies. We conducted a comprehensive search strategy, including five databases and grey literature, screened abstracts for relevance, and extracted data using structured forms. Data were descriptively summarized. A total of 53 relevant studies were identified. Most studies (n = 44, 83%) were conducted in the United States and evaluated water quality usingE.colias fecal indicator bacteria (n = 46, 87%). Studies were primarily conducted in lakes (n = 40, 75%) compared to rivers (n = 13, 25%). The most commonly reported predictive model-building method was multiple linear regression (n = 37, 70%). Frequently used predictors in best-fitting models included rainfall (n = 39, 74%), turbidity (n = 31, 58%), wave height (n = 24, 45%), and wind speed and direction (n = 25, 47%, and n = 23, 43%, respectively). Of the 19 (36%) studies that measured accuracy, predictive models averaged an 81.0% accuracy, and all but one were more accurate than traditional methods. Limitations identifed by risk-of-bias assessment included not validating models (n = 21, 40%), limited reporting of whether modelling assumptions were met (n = 40, 75%), and lack of reporting on handling of missing data (n = 37, 70%). Additional research is warranted on the utility and accuracy of more advanced predictive modelling methods, such as Bayesian networks and artificial neural networks, which were investigated in comparatively fewer studies and creating risk of bias tools for non-medical predictive modelling.
Fit to be president: William Howard Taft, sports and athleticism
Authors: Burns Adam
Published: August 2021

The early twentieth century was a time when the US public consciousness recognized an increasing association between their political leaders and sports and athleticism. With an exceptional precedent for this connection set by Theodore Roosevelt (1901–09), his replacement as US president would inevitably find it hard to keep pace. In the modern-day popular consciousness, Roosevelt’s immediate successor, William Howard Taft (1909–13), is often noted more for his obesity than for his physical athleticism or sporting prowess. Yet, as this article shows, as Taft moved closer to the White House, the contemporary US press increasingly associated him with sports, and at least the pursuit of physical fitness. In a post-Rooseveltian America, a rise to national political prominence demanded a portrayal of a president’s links to sports and athleticism, even in the unlikeliest of candidates.
Vitamin D and T- regulator cells are not independent factors for RDS in premature neonates
Authors: Marsubrin Putri Maharani Tristanita , Firmansyah Agus , Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Purwosunu Yuditiya , Munasir Zakiudin , Yuniati Tetty
Published: August 2021

Background The high morbidity and mortality of premature neonates remain significant problem in Indonesia with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) as one of the most common problem. Vitamin D plays  an important role in lung maturity. Vitamin D deficiency causes epithelial cell inflammation, leading to a higher risk of RDS. Previous studies suggest that T regulatory cells (Treg) in inflammatory diseases, such as RDS in neonates, are possibly linked to vitamin D deficiency. Objective To determine the role of vitamin D on RDS and Treg cells in very premature or very low birth weight neonates. Methods A prospective cohort study conducted on premature neonates in Neonatology Division, Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected to evaluate total vitamin D 25-OH levels and Treg cells. Subjects with RDS were evaluated until the end of the observation period. Results The mean umbilical cord vitamin D level was 15.79 (SD 6.9) ng/mL, and 53% of the subjects were found to be deficient. As much as 65.1% of neonates had RDS. The mean Treg level was 11.38 (SD 2.45)%. No significant correlation was observed between vitamin D level and the occurrence of RDS (RR 0.87; 95%CI 0.56 to 1.34; P=0.53); vitamin D level and the dysregulation of Treg cells (RR 1.30; 95%CI 0.76 to 2.21; P=0.31) as well as between Treg dysregulation and RDS (RR 1.11; 95%CI 0.70 to 1.75; P=0.64). However, we found that RDS group had a lower gestational age and higher presentation of dysregulation Treg. Conclusion In very premature or very low birth weight neonates, no association between occurence of RDS and vitamin D deficiency as well as Treg cell dysregulation.
Ceftazidime as an empiric therapy for neonatal sepsis
Authors: Indrayady Indrayady , Ramadanti Afifa , Iriani Yulia , Putra Herka Pratama
Published: August 2021

Background Sepsis is still the leading cause of death in neonates in developing countries. Proper administration of antibiotics is important for managing neonatal sepsis. The microorganisms that cause neonatal sepsis, as well as their sensitivity patterns, change over time and differ from one place to another. Since 2001, ceftazidime has been used as an empirical antibiotic for managing neonatal sepsis at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatera, but its effectiveness is questionable.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of ceftazidime as an empiric therapy for neonatal sepsis.

Methods This study was pre-experimental, for one group, pre- and post-test, was conducted in 49 neonates with neonatal sepsis in the Neonatal Ward at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, South Sumatera, from April to September 2019. The effectiveness of ceftazidime was determined based on clinical and laboratory improvements 72 hours after ceftazidime administration.

Results Of 49 neonates, 28 experienced clinical and laboratory improvement, while 21  experienced improvement in only one parameter, either clinical or laboratory. Gram positive bacteria were found in 22/49 subjects.

Conclusion There is a significant difference on white blood cell count and CRP level between before and after ceftazidime administration but overall ceftazidime is no longer effective as empiric antibiotic therapy in neonatal sepsis.
Tudásmenedzsment a mobiltávközlésben
Authors: Schneider Henrik
Published: August 2021

A szerző 2004-ben végezte el mindhárom magyar mobiltávközlési szolgáltatónál a tudásmenedzsment helyzetének felmérését. Az eredmények szerint a magyar mobilszolgáltatóknál a tudásmenedzsment fontos szerepet kap az üzleti folyamatok támogatásában, viszont a kezdeményezések nem egységes programként, hanem jórészt önálló projektekként valósulnak meg. A tudásmenedzsment kezdeményezések legfontosabb motiválója egyértelműen a versenyelőny szerzése, a vállalati tudásmegosztás elterjesztése, az elkülönülten dolgozó egységek (akár vállalatcsoport) közti együttműködés támogatása a vállalati tudás védelme által.
Una aproximación a la entrevista en investigaciones sobre música
Authors: Sánchez Nancy Marcela
Published: August 2021

En este artículo problematizo la entrevista como técnica de recolección de información, como encuentro etnográfico y como proceso de producción de textualidad. Propongo un marco teórico adecuado para examinar los roles que los participantes asumen, las relaciones de poder social y las negociaciones que se llevan a cabo.

Desarrollo conceptos tales como objetivos interaccionales, situación social, marco, entextualización de los discursos y contextualización de las prácticas de performance, que proporcionan una fundamentación apropiada para el análisis de los datos recabados. Comparo distintos tipos de entrevista, diferencio sus propósitos y señalo la relación que cada formato tiene con el diseño de las investigaciones (cualitativa, cuantitativa, mixta). Los ejemplos ayudan a pensar la planificación de las acciones que se llevarán adelante en las entrevistas e informan sobre los problemas que pueden surgir en el proceso. Hago énfasis en la revisión de las nociones de contexto y contextualización.
Herbal remedies used for the management of urolithiasis in Abbottabad, Northern Pakistan
Authors: Ghulam Mujtaba Shah , Shad Nasir , Sajid Muhammad , Asma  , Naeem Abid , Khan Fahim Ullah , Jabeen Nadia , Urooj Mazna , Muhammad Said , Hasnain Muhammad
Published: August 2021

The current study was performed to evaluate the ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants to treat and prevent kidney diseases, especially urolithiasis in the Abbottabad region, Northern Pakistan. Field surveys were conducted from 2014–2016 in various rural and tribally dwelled hilly areas like Ayubia National Park, Sherwan and Thandiani. Ethnobotanical information about the medicinal plants employed to treat urinary ailments was obtained from well-informed sources like local healers (hakims) and residents (men/women), who had vast knowledge of local plants uses. The questionnaire method was adopted to record the information and queries were made to verify the information. Informed consent was obtained from each informant before conducting the interview process. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices were calculated for each recorded species. Correlation analysis between the RFC, UV and FL% was tested by Pearson’s correlation, SPSS (ver. 16). A total of 38 plant species belonging to 27 families were being used in the study area to treat Urolithiasis or kidney stone diseases. Asteraceae was the most dominant family with 5 species. Local people used different methods of preparation for different plant parts; among them, decoction was the popular and dominant way of preparation (52.6%), followed by powder (18.4%), extracts (15.7%), juice (7.8%) and cooked (5.2%). The highest UV was recorded for Rumex acetosa L. (1.14) followed by Agrimonia eupatoria L. (1.1), Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. (1.05), Aerva lanata L. (1.04), Eclipta alba Hassak. (1.03). Moreover, twenty-three species were recoded with above 50% Fidelity level. It was found that most of the plant species (16 species) were explicitly used to remove kidney stones. All the obtained data about the ethnomedicinal uses of plants to treat urinary tract ailments are alphabetically categorized to their botanical name/family, local name, phytoconstituents, dosage and route of administration, along with quantitative indices value. All the collected ethnomedicinal plants require a thorough scientific investigation for isolation, identification, biochemical assays, toxicities and evaluation of pharmacological activities of the phytoconstituents, especially of the plants recorded with a high-fidelity level before their usage in clinics.
Right Ventricle Involvement in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Review Article
Authors: Ding Weihao , Bhushan Sandeep , Ma Chen , Yan Yifan , Xiao Zongwei
Published: August 2021

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiac disease, and its main characteristic is symmetrical or asymmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricle and/or right ventricle. Most previous studies mainly include the left ventricle for definition of HCM, thus neglecting the right ventricle. But recently, many studies have reported the right ventricular involvement in HCM. Histopathological results showed that similar pathogenic changes in both the right and left ventricles, which suggests common myopathic processes and sarcomere genetic mutations.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a gold standard imaging modality to assess heart anatomy and function and provides highly accurate and reproducible measurements. CMR is very useful in characterizing the various phenotypes of right and left ventricles in HCM. CMR also can be useful in detecting early and dominant phenotypic expression of HCM. Due to the complex geometry of the right ventricle and its retrosternal position, echocardiography may not provide accurate measurements. CMR also provides more accurate and repeatable right ventricular measurements. Thus, right ventricle evaluation along with left ventricle should routinely be done for better assessment of HCM patients.
Relationship Between Cardiac Surgery and Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Examination in Terms of Clinical, Radiological, and Functional Outcomes and Possible Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Authors: Işık Mehmet , Kozak Hasan Hüseyin , Görmüş Niyazi
Published: August 2021

Aim: The aim is to discuss the clinical characteristics, time, anatomical vascular distribution, radiological features, functional outcomes after stroke and possible pathophysiological mechanisms of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) that develop after cardiac surgery.
Method: A total of 3,474 patients, who underwent cardiac surgery between 2015-2020, retrospectively were analyzed. Forty-nine patients, who developed AIS and had brain CT and diffusion MR images during hospitalization, were included in the study.
Results: AIS distribution was at 53% CABG, 12.2% isolated mitral valve, 8.1% isolated aortic valve, and 26.5% combined surgical procedures. Patients with a ≤2 days (P = 0.03) preop preparation time and body surface area (BSA) of <1.85 m2 (P = 0.02) had a high discharge rate. While newly developing AF was low in the early stroke group, it was higher in the late stroke group (P = 0.02). A history of previous cerebrovascular events was found in 3.3% of the patients. Postoperative new AIS was detected in 7.8% of those with a history of cerebrovascular events. Total anterior circulation infarction (TACI) case rate was 8.1%, partial anterior circulation infarction (PACI) 12.2%, posterior circulation infarction (POCI) 24.4%, cortical border zone infarction (CBZI) 30.6%, combined POCI + CBZI 12.2%, multiple territorial infarcts (MTI) 10.2%, and lacunar circulation infarction (LACI) rate was 2%. The modified Rankin Scale means following AIS was 3.45. The worst Rankin score was 5.75 in CABG+MVR cases; it was found to be 5 in the valve + ascending aorta case and 5 in the five bypass cases.
Conclusion: Calculation of cerebrovascular reserve with extra/intracranial vascular imaging is important in patients with multiple risk factors, whose association with stroke has been determined before cardiac surgery. We believe that cardiovascular surgery and neurology multidisciplinary prospective randomized studies should be conducted to obtain pre-, peri- and post-procedural risk calculation scales, according to cardiac surgery type and to reshape surgical procedures accordingly.
Citric acid-modified starch as an environmentally friendly binder for wood composite making
Authors: Mohamad Amini Mohd Hazim , Hashim Rokiah , Sulaiman Nurul Syuhada , Mohamed Mazlan , Sulaiman Othman
Published: August 2021

Conventional formaldehyde-based wood binders for composites have been reported as hazardous to humans after prolonged exposure to released fumes. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate suitability of citric acid-modified corn starch as binder for wood composites. Corn starch was gelatinized before it was reacted with citric acid, mixed with wood particles, pre-pressed, and finally hot-pressed before characterization and evaluation. Through Fourier transform infrared analysis, ester groups were detected at 1736.8 cm-1, which was characteristic for starch modified with citric acid. Bending test results on citric acid modified corn starch wood composites showed 16.8 N/mm2 and 4020 N/mm2 for modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, respectively. Addition of 2% urea-formaldehyde increased these numbers to 17.9 N/mm2 and 5190 N/mm2, respectively. Internal bonding additionally increased from 0.88 N/mm2 to 0.95 N/mm2. All test specimens passed mechanical strength requirements by JIS A 5908 (2003). Based on the demand specification for the final usage of the wood composite, it can be concluded that citric acid modified starch is a possible successful choice as the adhesive, with or without additional urea formaldehyde resin.
Study on static and dynamic mechanical properties of hybrid palm stalk fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Kar Jnanaranjan , Rout Arun Kumar , Sutar Alekha Kumar , Mohanty Tanmay
Published: August 2021

Static and dynamic effects of palm leaf stem stalk (PLSS) powder were investigated relative to the bi-directional palm stalk fiber reinforced epoxy composites. The PLSS bio-filler was incorporated into the epoxy resin by varying its content from 0 to 15 wt%. The hybrid palm-epoxy composites were manufactured using the hand-lay-up technique followed by light compression molding. The results for the mechanical properties of the PLSS particle (15 wt%)/palm/epoxy composites indicated an improvement in the tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength by approximately 33, 32, and 21%, respectively, when compared to the palm/epoxy composite. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the composites showed an enhancement in the storage modulus, loss modulus and damping capacity (tan ) by approximately 75, 95, and 47%, respectively, when compared to the palm/epoxy composite. The fiber-matrix interaction was studied using a Cole-Cole plot analysis. The swelling and degradation resistance of the composites was increased with filler addition.
Case of Severe Treatment-Resistant Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
Authors: Grigoravičius Domas , Žurauskas Edvardas , Gruslys Vygantas , Zablockis Rolandas , Danila Edvardas
Published: August 2021

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is a rare interstitial lung disease with different onset of symptoms, which responds rapidly to glucocorticoid treatment. We present a case of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia which manifested as a progressive 3-year dyspnea that ultimately has led to acute respiratory failure. Moreover, treatment with prednisone for this patient exhibited slow onset of the effect.
Effect of landscape modification on primate assemblages of the Magdalena River Valley, Colombia
Authors: Roncancio Duque Nestor Javier
Published: August 2021

Population and community dynamics are affected by local landscape disturbances, and the answer of each species to these changes could differentially affect species survival. Natural land cover in the Magdalena River valley, Colombia, has been reduced by almost 70 % and fragmented. There inhabit isolated and reduced populations of Alouatta seniculus, Ateles hybridus, Cebus versicolor, and Saguinus leucopus (Primates). To understand the effect of fragmentation over these species, the relationship between altitude, landscape and class metrics, and plant structure and diversity with the population density of these four primates in 20 localities were assessed. Additionally, the relationship between the density of A. hybridus, assumed as a better competitor, and the density of the other primates was assessed. Mean shape index was the most related variable and affected positively the density of A. hybridus, C. versicolor, and S. leucopus and negatively that of A. seniculus. Weight class index was the second more important variable, the four primates increased their density where more mature is the plant cover. Diameter at breast height was positively related with the density of A. hybridus and C. versicolor, negatively related for A. seniculus and not related to S. leucopus density. Tree density was related negatively with the density of A. seniculus and positively with S. leucopus. A. hybridus was related to the density of the other primates, positively to A. seniculus and negatively to the other two species.
Mamíferos de las Reservas Naturales de la Sociedad Civil de Altagracia, Casanare, Colombia
Authors: Rojano Bolaño Cesar , Rincón-Rivera Samantha
Published: August 2021

La ausencia de áreas protegidas públicas en Casanare, Colombia, ha incidido en el fortalecimiento de procesos de conservación a través de Reservas Naturales de la Sociedad Civil (RNSC), donde el trabajo con comunidades es la base de la gestión de la biodiversidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una evaluación de la riqueza y abundancia de mamíferos terrestres a partir de un programa de monitoreo comunitario en doce RNSC de la vereda Altagracia, Casanare. Durante dos temporadas (2018 y 2019), se instalaron once cámaras trampa, para un total de 960 días/cámara. Se registraron 18 especies de mamíferos, pertenecientes a diez familias y seis órdenes, incluyendo las dos especies amenazadas Myrmecophaga tridactyla y Pteronura brasiliensis. Este trabajo es uno de los primeros inventarios de mamíferos de la Orinoquía colombiana basados en un ejercicio comunitario de conocimiento de la biodiversidad.
El papel de las pequeñas reservas en la conservación de mamíferos en Colombia
Authors: López-Arévalo Hugo Fernando , Liévano-Latorre Luisa Fernanda , Montenegro Díaz Olga Lucía
Published: August 2021

El papel de las reservas privadas generalmente se subvalora debido a su pequeño tamaño y su distribución discontinua. Para examinar su relevancia en la conservación de los mamíferos, con este trabajo abordamos tres objetivos: 1) identificar el patrón de tamaño, altitud y distribución de las reservas privadas colombianas del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas - SINAP, 2) examinar, como estudio de caso, la riqueza de mamíferos y patrones geográficos de doce reservas, y 3) identificar la contribución de las pequeñas reservas a la conservación de mamíferos colombianos. Para el primer objetivo, analizamos el tamaño, altitud y distribución de las reservas privadas del SINAP discriminadas por provincias biogeográficas. Para los subsiguientes objetivos, evaluamos la relación entre la riqueza de mamíferos, con área, altitud y conectividad en las doce reservas. Encontramos que la mayoría de las reservas privadas tienen áreas menores a 100 ha, están entre los 1500 y 2500 m y se ubican en la provincia Norandina. En el conjunto de las doce reservas examinadas, encontramos una riqueza de 224 especies de once órdenes de mamíferos, con un promedio de 42,7 especies (19 murciélagos y 23,7 mamíferos no voladores). Encontramos una relación positiva entre el área y la riqueza total de mamíferos y de mamíferos no voladores, y entre la altitud y la riqueza de mamíferos no voladores. Además, identificamos que las reservas conservan principalmente mamíferos pequeños, aunque pueden ser refugio para especies medianas y grandes. Resaltamos que estas reservas contribuyen significativamente a la conservación de los mamíferos en Colombia.
Absceso pélvico que se confunde con tumor maligno de ovario en una mujer posmenopáusica. Reporte de caso
Authors: Páez Castellanos Edgar Augusto , Ruiz Ángel Iván David , Ruiz Parra Ariel Iván , Müller Edith Ángel
Published: August 2021

Introducción. Los abscesos tubo ováricos son poco frecuentes en la posmenopausia y se asocian con patologías ginecológicas benignas como endometriosis, pólipo endometrial o leiomioma uterino, y con patologías malignas como adenocarcinoma de endometrio, tumores malignos epiteliales y no epiteliales de ovario, carcinoma escamocelular de cérvix y adenocarcinoma de colon. Su presentación representa un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico para el médico.
Presentación del caso. Paciente femenina de 72 años, quien consultó por cuadro clínico de tres días de evolución consistente en dolor y distensión abdominal asociados a fiebre y síntomas urinarios irritativos y retención urinaria. Los exámenes de ingreso mostraron leucocitosis con neutrofilia y CA-125 en 222 U/mL. El ultrasonido y la resonancia magnética evidenciaron una masa retrouterina solido-quística de 15 cm. Ante sospecha de tumor versus absceso tubo-ovárico, se realizó biopsia dirigida por tomografía mediante la cual se encontró material purulento fétido. Se practicó laparotomía que confirmó masa pélvica retrouterina sólido quística con contenido purulento, adherencias y compromiso inflamatorio de las trompas uterinas. El resultado de patología informó fibroma ovárico y absceso tubo ovárico. La paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente en el posoperatorio y en los controles posteriores.
Conclusiones. El caso reportado ilustra cómo, en ocasiones, un posible diagnóstico de carcinomatosis por cáncer de ovario puede ser realmente una patología benigna (absceso tubo ovárico) que responde bien a un tratamiento médico-quirúrgico. Las imágenes diagnósticas y los marcadores tumorales son de gran ayuda para diferenciar una patología ovárica maligna de un proceso benigno.
Análisis gravimétrico y cálculo de la fuerza de un líquido en el volcán La Malinche, Puebla-Tlaxcala, México
Authors: Ramos Aguilar Rogelio , Máximo Romero Patricia , Galindo-López Víctor , Ávila Cruz Máximo , Yáñez Pérez Gabriela , Márquez Máximo Rubén , Hernández Andrade Daniel , Covarrubias Salvatori Victoriano
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo busca contribuir con un análisis gravimétrico del volcán La Malinche, tomando como referencias 39 puntos definidos dentro del área natural protegida de su Parque Nacional, calculando anomalías de aire libre y Bouguer, así como la fuerza de un líquido en una corriente intermitente, con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento del agua y la gravedad respecto de la pendiente pronunciada en el suroeste del edificio, a través del modelo gravimétrico EIGEN-6C4. Los resultados muestran anomalías de Bouguer con valores negativos y valores positivos para las anomalías de aire libre, mostrando un comportamiento inversamente proporcional entre la altura del punto y la gravedad. Respecto al análisis de la fuerza del agua se muestra un comportamiento inversamente proporcional a la pendiente, con valor promedio de 8919.062093 N/m3.
Efecto del ácido alfa lipoico sobre la peroxidación no enzimática en mitocondrias de corazón y cerebro de rata
Authors: Marmunti M. , Gavazza M. , Palacios A.
Published: August 2021

El ácido alfa lipoico (aal) ha sido caracterizado como un antioxidante eficiente. Se ha propuesto como un agente terapéutico potencial en el tratamiento o prevención de diferentes alteraciones que pueden estar relacionadas con un desequilibrio del estado celular oxidoreductor. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la sensibilidad a la peroxidación no enzimática (pne) (ascorbato-Fe++ dependiente) en mitocondrias de corazón y cerebro de ratas incubadas con una solución de aal. La pne fue evaluada por el método de quimioluminiscencia (ql). Cuando se compararon las muestras control (sin el agregado del ascorbato-Fe++) con las muestras ascorbato-Fe++ dependientes, se observó un incremento significativo en la emisión lumínica. Simultáneamente, se incubaron las mitocondrias de ambos órganos con diferentes concentraciones de aal (0,05, 0,15 y 0,25 mg/ml) observándose una protección diferencial. Las mitocondrias de cerebro de rata incubadas con dosis de 0,15 y 0,25 mg/ml de aal fueron protegidas de los efectos de la pne, mientras que, en las mitocondrias cardíacas, solo se observó protección con la dosis más alta de aal (0,25 mg/ml). El análisis de ql indicó que las mitocondrias de cerebro fueron protegidas de manera más eficiente que las mitocondrias de corazón de rata. En este último caso, será necesario probar nuevas dosis de aal para demostrar los efectos en estas membranas. En conclusión, aal actuó como un antioxidante protector de las membranas de ambos órganos contra el daño peroxidativo.
Grado de desarrollo del folículo preovulatorio y su relación con el tamaño del cuerpo lúteo y la producción de progesterona en las razas Romosinuano (RS) y Brahman (Br)T0
Authors: Vejarano A. , Hernández A.
Published: August 2021

Para comparar en los folículos preovulatorios de hembras bovinas de las razas Brahman (Br) y Romosinuano (rs) el desarrollo de los diferentes componentes foliculares, como el tamaño del antro folicular, el grosor y el volumen ocupado por la capa de células de la granulosa (cg) y de la teca interna (ti), y su posible relación con el desarrollo del cuerpo lúteo (cl) y la producción de progesterona P4, se utilizaron 5 hembras de la raza rs y 5 de la raza Br. A estas se les realizó seguimiento ecográfico durante 2 ciclos estrales y se les efectuó muestreo de suero sanguíneo para determinar por Elisa los niveles de P4. En el tercer estro se les extirpó el ovario que contenía el folículo preovulatorio y se realizó un corte diametral sobre el estigma del folículo para seccionarlo en 2 partes iguales. En una de las partes se hicieron cortes histológicos y se determinó la morfometría folicular. La duración del ciclo estral en las hembras de la raza Br osciló entre 18 y 21 días, con promedio de 19,9 ± 1,6 días, y en las vacas rs entre 18 y 24 días, con un promedio 21,2 ± 1,69 días. La duración del estro fue de 13,9 ± 6,98 y 9,60 ± 4,72 h para las razas rs y Br, respectivamente. El intervalo estro-ovulación fue de 21,20 ± 5,07 h para los animales de la raza Br y de 24,40 ± 6,43 para los rs. No se registraron diferencias entre razas ni en el grosor (rs: 55,12 ± 6,46 µm vs. Br: 49,48 ± 17,07 µm), p > 0,05, tampoco en el volumen ocupado por la capa de cg (rs: 27,93 ± 6,11 mm3 vs. Br: 25,40 ± 13,85 mm3) de los folículos preovulatorios p < 0,05, en el grosor (rs: 122,50 ± 20,53 µm vs. Br: 129,61 ± 84,85 µm) o en el volumen (rs: 64,97 ± 19,71 mm3 vs. Br: 59,83 ± 25,67 mm3) de las células de la ti. El máximo desarrollo de los cl para la totalidad de las hembras se alcanzó el día 12,6 ± 4,05 (día 0 = estro), con un diámetro promedio de 22,92 ± 3,60 mm. Para las de la raza rs el diámetro máximo fue 23,06 ± 3,9 mm y se observó en promedio el día 14,88 ± 3,4. Para las de la raza Br fue el día 10,00 ± 3,16 con un promedio de 22,75 ± 3,16 mm. En ese día, la concentración media de P4 fue de 5,37 ± 1,38 ng/ml para la raza rs y 5,74 ± 0,89 ng/ml para la raza Br. No se presentaron diferencias significativas entre razas (p > 0,05). Se concluyó que no existen diferencias en los eventos fisiológicos estudiados entre las razas rs y Br. Los hallazgos del presente estudio, sin duda, pueden servir de base para futuros análisis en los bovinos residentes en el trópico.
Diseño de negocios para la sostenibilidad ODS-2030
Authors: Puentes Bedoya Janeth , Ramos López Angela
Published: August 2021

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), como objetivo global, influyen en los modelos de negocio, algunos con dinámicas de diseño que se han construido y que están ligadas a finalidades comerciales basadas en la creación de productos que garantizan la demanda y la oferta, los cuales terminan desechados, cada vez en mayores cantidades. En efecto, las actividades que han dado vía a estos modelos han sido un obstáculo para el desarrollo sostenible y el cambio profundo que debería existir. Por consiguiente, esta ponencia tuvo como finalidad hacer una breve descripción respecto a los hallazgos que existen en el diseño industrial y el de moda, teniendo en cuenta que son ejes importantes de la economía mundial y del desarrollo global, puesto que comparten materiales, tecnologías y ahora, prospectivas.
ESTRATEGIAS DE SOSTENIBILIDAD AMBIENTAL DE AEROLÍNEAS COMERCIALES QUE CONTRIBUYEN AL CUMPLIMIENTO DE LA AGENDA 2030
Authors: Caviedes Castillo Nancy Patricia
Published: August 2021

Con el paso del tiempo el transporte aéreo ha tenido un crecimiento exponencial y la demanda por parte de los usuarios ha aumentado notablemente considerándolo como el medio de transporte más seguro, rápido y con mayor demanda a nivel mundial, como resultado de este crecimiento las aerolíneas han sido foco de atención debido a los contaminantes que se producen en su operación área ya que representan el 2% de emisiones de dióxido de carbono en el mundo. El presente trabajo se sustenta en la revisión documental que se enfoca en las diferentes estrategias que utilizan aerolíneas comerciales y los esfuerzos que han aunado para minimizar los impactos ambientales negativos que producen para contribuir a la sostenibilidad en la industria y aportar al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible planteados por la Organización de Naciones Unidas direccionados a la protección del medio ambiente.
ENTRE EIXOS: FILOSOFIA NO ENEM A PARTIR DAS ORIENTAÇÕES COMPLEMENTARES AOS PARÂMETROS CURRICULARES NACIONAIS (PCN+)
Authors: Macedo Ester Pereira Neves de
Published: August 2021

Este artigo analisa os eixos temáticos que as Orientações Complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN+) apresentam para a filosofia no ensino médio, de forma a verificar como esses eixos se materializaram em situações-problemas em itens de filosofia ao longo da história do Enem. Através de uma análise da evolução de quantitativo e cobertura de itens de filosofia ao longo das edições do exame, este artigo ilustra alguns desafios e possibilidades que o exame oferece à implementação de referenciais curriculares. Tal discussão é particularmente importante neste momento em que se pensa na construção de um novo Enem a partir do Novo Ensino Médio e da nova Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), especialmente considerando a ênfase que os PCN+, o Enem bem como a BNCC e a lei do Novo Ensino Médio dão a conceitos como integração, interdisciplinaridade e autonomia com forma de superar a fragmentação, seja entre conhecimentos, seja entre sujeitos, seja entre teoria e prática. Ao final, apresento algumas indicações sobre como essas reflexões contribuem para sinalizar pontos de atenção em relação à presença da filosofia no exame a partir de sua iminente reformulação a partir da BNCC.
Pacific Ancient and Modern Language Association
Authors: Clegg Cyndia Susan
Published: August 2021

The association's most significant news is its change in name from PAPC to PAMLA to strengthen its identification with the Modem Language Association and to maintain the historic presence of classical languages.

The association's ninety-third annual meeting will be held 3-5 November 1995 at the University of California, Santa Barbara, hosted by the College of Letters and Science with its Division of the Humanities, and cosponsored by the Interdisciplinary Humanities Center, the Department of Classics, the Comparative Literature Program, the Department of English, the Department of Germanic, Semitic, and Slavic Studies, and the Department of Spanish and Portuguese. Gerhart Hoffmeister, professor of German, is serving as chair of the local committee.
Fen Lisesi Öğrencilerinin Demografik Özellikleri ve Tercih Ettikleri Müzik Türlerine Göre Okula Yönelik Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: KOÇ Oğuz , EKİNAY İdil
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fen lisesi öğrencilerinin demografik özellikleri ve tercih ettikleri müzik türlerine göre okula yönelik tutumlarının farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma; ilişkisel tarama modelinde olup Niğde ilindeki bir fen lisesinden 334 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak; demografik bilgi formu ve okula yönelik tutum ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde; toplanan verilerin parametrik test koşullarını sağlamadığı incelenerek işlemler yapılmıştır. Cinsiyet açısından öğrencilerin okula yönelik tutumlarında farklılaşmadığı bulunmuştur. Sınıf düzeyi açısından okula yönelik tutum puanları incelendiğinde dokuzuncu sınıf öğrencilerin, on birinci ve on ikinci sınıf öğrencilere göre yüksek puan ortalamasına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin baskın olarak tercih ettikleri müzik türlerine göre okula yönelik tutumlarında da anlamlı farklılık bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Hangi gruplar arasında farklılık olduğunu bulmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen analiz sonucunda; metal Müzik tercihinde bulunan öğrencilerin, Türk Halk Müzik-Arabesk/Fantezi Müzik-Pop Müzik-Rap Müzik-Tasavvuf Müzik tercihinde bulunan öğrencilere göre daha düşük okula yönelik tutum puanına sahip olduğu, Rock Müzik tercihinde bulunan öğrencilerin, Türk Halk Müzik-Pop Müzik türlerini tercih eden öğrencilere göre daha düşük okula yönelik tutum puanına sahip olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Alanyazın, elde edilen bulgular ve sınırlılıklar çerçevesinde sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.
Montessori Yöntemine Nörobilimsel Bakış Açısı: Disiplinler Arası İnceleme
Authors: BOZKURT Şeyma Sultan , ULUTAŞ İlkay
Published: August 2021

Yüzyılı aşkın süredir dünyanın birçok ülkesinde uygulanmakta olan Montessori yöntemi çocukların gelişim ve öğrenmesinin erken yıllardan itibaren özel hazırlanmış bir ortam ve çocuk merkezli yaklaşımlar ile desteklenmesini, çocuğun bağımsız birey olmasını hedefleyen bir eğitim yaklaşımıdır. Bu araştırmada eğitim ve nörobilim ilişkisinden yola çıkılarak, Montessori eğitim yönteminde yer alan temel özelliklerin nörobilimsel bakış açısı ile açıklanması, Montessori ve nörobilimin ilişkilendirildiği araştırmaların incelenerek disiplinler arası bir bakış açısı ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma, derleme türünde planlanmış nitel bir araştırmadır. Verilerin toplanmasında doküman analizi tekniği kullanılarak iki tarama aşaması ile dokümanlara ulaşılmıştır. İlk taramada Montessori yöntemi ile nörobilimsel çalışmaların ilişkilendirildiği çalışmalar incelenerek Montessori yönteminin "Hassas Dönemler", "Yapılandırılmış Ortam", "Duyu Eğitimi", "Tekrarla Kendiliğinden Öğrenme", "Dil-Beyin" ve "Hareket-Beyin" gibi özelliklerinin nörobilim ile ilişkilendirildiği tespit edilmiştir. İkinci taramada ise Montessori ve nörobilim çalışmalarında bu özelliklerin nasıl açıklandığı incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, Montessori’nin çocuk gelişimi ve öğrenmesine ilişkin oluşturduğu özelliklerin yıllar sonra nörobilim alanında yapılan araştırma bulguları ile de desteklendiğini göstermiştir.
The Mediator Role of Critical Thinking Disposition in the Relationship between Perceived Problem-Solving Skills and Metacognitive Awareness of Gifted and Talented Students
Authors: BORAN Murat , KARAKUŞ Fazilet
Published: August 2021

This study aims to examine relationships among critical thinking dispositions, perceived problem-solving skills and metacognitive awareness of gifted and talented students, and to test a structural equation model based on these relationships. The study was conducted using the correlational research design and the study group, which was selected by using convenience sampling method, consisted of 502 gifted and talented students who were registered to Science and Art Centers in Adana, Kayseri and Mersin, Turkey in 2016. The data were collected through use of Likert-type scales and analyzed using Lisrel 8.7 and IBM SPSS Amos 25 programs. Structural equation modeling was used to determine structural relationships among variables. The initial findings indicated that students had high levels of critical thinking dispositions, perceived problem-solving skills and metacognitive awareness. The structural model, which was developed based on the relationships among these three variables, was confirmed. In light of the findings obtained from this model, it was revealed that 49% of the variance in students’ perceived problem-solving skills was explained by their metacognitive awareness, and critical thinking disposition had a full mediation effect on the relationship between perceived problem-solving skills and metacognitive awareness. These findings were discussed in context of the related literature and some suggestions for implementation and future research were presented.