bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of radiation sterilization on the ability to induce adipose regeneration in vivo in decellularized adipose‐derived matrix
Authors: Feng Jiayi , Qi Jun , Fu Su , Luan Jie
Published: July 2023

Background

Decellularized adipose‐derived matrix (DAM), a biological scaffold that can induce adipose regeneration. The balance between its sterilization efficiency and its ability to maintain in situ adipose regeneration should be considered in terminal sterilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of radiation sterilization of cobalt‐60 (60Co)with different doses on adipogenesis induced by different forms of DAM, so as to reduce radiation dose under the premise of safe and effective sterilization and ensure adipogenesis induced by DAM in vivo.

Methods

High dose (25 kGy) and low dose (5 kGy) radiation were used to sterilize freeze‐dried and wet DAM, respectively. The sterilization efficiency, macro and micro characteristics, mechanical and mechanical properties of DAM were compared, and then implanted into the immunocompromised mice to evaluate the adipose regeneration.

Results

Under the two radiation doses, no microbial growth was found in the freeze‐dried and wet DAM sterility tests, and no significant changes were observed in the macro and micro structures. In terms of mechanical properties, the elastic modulus of high dose freeze‐dried DAM decreased significantly (p < 0.001). In vivo animal experiments, the freeze‐dried DAM irradiated with high dose almost completely lost its function of adipogenesis in vivo. Although the wet DAM irradiated with high dose could induce fat regeneration in the early stage, the adipocyte deformation and atrophy appeared in the later stage. The freeze‐dried and wet DAM after low dose irradiation was similar to the wet DAM without irradiation in the blank control, which could maintain excellent adipogenic and angiogenic functions in vivo.

Conclusion

High dose 60Co irradiation can completely destroy the ability of freeze‐dried DAM to induce adipose regeneration in situ, while low dose irradiation (5 kGy) can effectively sterilize the DAM without damaging in vivo induced adipose regeneration. Radiation has more damage to freeze‐dried DAM than wet DAM in adipogenesis properties.
An educational visual resource to support understanding of liquid–liquid phase separation
Authors: Riggi Margot , Iwasa Janet H.
Published: July 2023

In collaboration with educators and researchers, we created an online resource called Phase Separation 101 to help undergraduate students understand the basics of liquid–liquid phase separation, an emerging and complex concept in cell biology for which visual resources are still scarce. This work presents the workflow and visual communication strategies that we followed to build scientifically accurate visualizations of dynamic processes.
Carbon‐anchored Sb nanoparticles as high‐capacity and stable anode for aqueous alkaline batteries
Authors: Yu Yanxia , Qin Ruofei , Shi Xin , Xie Jinhao , Lu Tzu‐Hao , Lu Xihong
Published: July 2023

Antimony (Sb) holds a high theoretic capacity and suitable redox potential as a promising anode for aqueous alkaline batteries (AABs). However, the uncontrollable nucleation for SbO2− and promiscuous water‐induced side reactions severely degrade the reversibility of Sb anode. Herein, the carbon‐anchored Sb nanoparticles are constructed to induce uniform Sb plating/stripping for high‐performance AABs. The experimental results reveal that the enhanced interaction between carbon and antimony as well as defective carbon can significantly improve the electrical conductivity and decrease the Sb nucleation overpotential. Accordingly, the as‐prepared Sb anode enables preferential plating of Sb rather than parasitic side reactions. As a result, the cycle life of A‐Sb/CF is sustained over 500 cycles at 10 mA cm−2/2 mAh cm−2. Even at the high capacity of 4 mAh cm−2, this anode can cycle stably for 225 cycles, which is significantly better than the Sb/CF counterpart. Furthermore, the assembled Ni3S2@Ni(OH)2//A‐Sb/CF full battery demonstrates a high capacity of 2.17 mAh cm−2 and a stable cycle life of over 500 cycles.
Electrospun Carbon Nanofibre‐Based Catalysts Prepared with Co and Fe Phthalocyanine for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Medium
Authors: Muuli Kaur , Mooste Marek , Akula Srinu , Gudkova Viktoria , Otsus Markus , Kikas Arvo , Aruväli Jaan , Treshchalov Alexey , Kisand Vambola , Tamm Aile , Krumme Andres , Cavaliere Sara , Tammeveski Kaido
Published: July 2023

A Pt‐free cathode catalyst is necessary for proton‐exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to enable the widespread use of these environmentally friendly energy conversion devices at affordable price. Herein, a pyrolyzed electrospun carbon nanofibre (CNF) catalyst is prepared embedded with cobalt(II) phthalocyanine and iron(II) phthalocyanine compounds to provide the transition metal N4‐macrocyclic complex‐derived sites (MNX) possessing better electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The physical characterisation showed the nanofibrous structure of catalyst with rough surface texture and considerable amount of N, Fe, and Co. The D−MN4−CNF−IL−A catalyst prepared using ionic liquid as a porogen displayed the best electrocatalytic activity for O2 electroreduction proceeding via 4e− pathway in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte solution with the ORR onset and half‐wave potential of 0.83 and 0.71 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively.
Centrohexaindane, a Unique Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Bearing the Rare Cq(Cq)4 Core: Inelastic Neutron Scattering, Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Parker Stewart F. , Fortes A. Dominic , Nye Daniel W. , Day Sarah J. , Kuck Dietmar
Published: July 2023

The structure and vibrational spectroscopy of centrohexaindane, 1, was investigated. This unusual molecule has a quaternary carbon atom that is coordinated to four further such quaternary carbon atoms as its core, each pair of which is bonded to an ortho‐phenylene unit. Previous NMR studies have shown that the molecule has tetrahedral (Td) symmetry in solution. The infrared and Raman spectra of chloroform and deuterochloroform solutions of 1 are completely in agreement with this conclusion, as the only modes that are visible are those allowed for Td symmetry. This is not the case in the solid state: X‐ray powder diffraction indicates that the unit cell is triclinic or monoclinic with a volume in excess of 4000 Å3. The vibrational spectroscopy is consistent with C1 site symmetry and the presence of at least two molecules in the primitive cell. It is likely that the space group is centrosymmetric.
Structural Conversion of Supramolecular Assembly in Solution by Thermally Induced Intramolecular Electron Transfer of [Co2Fe2] Complex
Authors: Mihara Nozomi , Shimamura Tomonari , Takayama Ryo , Shiga Takuya , Nihei Masayuki
Published: July 2023

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Masayuki Nihei at the University of Tsukuba. The image depicts the electron transfer‐triggered structural conversion of the supramolecular assembly of a [Co2Fe2] complex between reverse vesicles and entangled one‐dimensional chains. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202300954.
The association of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 response with radiologic response and survival in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Cai Quan‐Yu , Yang Ping , Yang Xiao‐Liang , Zhang Xiang‐Hua , Guo Lie‐Ping , Lu Xin‐Yuan , Huo Lei , Ma Hong‐Bin , Wang Xiang‐Dong , Zhou Hua‐Bang , Wu Lu , Jia Ning‐Yang
Published: July 2023

Background

The role of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) in response assessment among patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains unknown. The authors studied the association of the CA 19‐9 response (defined as a reduction >50% from baseline) with the radiologic response and the outcome in patients with unresectable iCCA.

Methods

A prospective cohort of 422 patients who were initially diagnosed with unresectable iCCA, had baseline CA 19‐9 levels ≥100 U/mL, and received treatment with systemic therapies at the authors' institution between January 2017 and December 2021 were enrolled in this study. The radiologic response was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. A landmark assessment of the CA 19‐9 response and the radiologic response was performed. The associations between CA 19‐9 response and imaging response, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.

Results

Two hundred sixty‐seven patients (63.3%) had a CA 19‐9 response. A CA 19‐9 response was observed in 123 of 132 (93.2%) radiologic responders and in 144 of 290 (49.7%) radiologic nonresponders (p < .001). CA 19‐9 responders outperformed nonresponders in median PFS (10.6 vs. 3.6 months; hazard ratio [HR], 4.8 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8–6.0 months; p < .001) and OS (21.4 vs. 6.3 months; HR, 5.3 months; 95% CI, 4.2–6.7 months; p < .001). The common independent predictors of both OS and PFS included metastasis, CA 19‐9 nonresponder status, and radiologic nonresponder status in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions

CA 19‐9 response is a valuable addition to assess tumor response and is associated with improved outcomes in patients with iCCA. Achieving a CA 19‐9 response should be one of the therapeutic objectives of patients with iCCA after systemic therapies.

Plain language summary

A decline in carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 levels from elevated baseline levels should be one of the therapeutic aims of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who are managed with systemic therapies.
Interpretable data‐driven modeling of hyperelastic membranes
Authors: Salamatova Victoria , Liogky Alexey
Published: July 2023

We proposed an approach for interpretable data‐driven modeling of an isotropic incompressible hyperelastic membrane deformation. The approach is based on the response functions in terms of the Laplace stretch and the finite element method, where response functions are partial derivatives of a hyperelastic potential with respect to the chosen strain measure. The Laplace stretch as the strain measure allows us to recover directly the response functions from experimental data and construct automatically data‐driven constitutive relations. All needed formulas were obtained explicitly. We tested our approach for membrane inflation with data‐driven constitutive relations based on the perforated membrane extension tests.
Background‐Free Detection of Spin‐Exchange Dynamics at Ultra‐Low Magnetic Field
Authors: Kelley Michele , Bryden Nicholas , Atalla Sebastian William , Branca Rosa Tamara
Published: July 2023

Ultra‐low field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and imaging (MRI) inherently suffer from a low signal‐to‐noise ratio due to the small thermal polarization of nuclear spins. Transfer of polarization from a pre‐polarized spin system to a thermally polarized spin system via the Spin Polarization Induced Nuclear Overhauser Effect (SPINOE) could potentially be used to overcome this limitation. SPINOE is particularly advantageous at ultra‐low magnetic field, where the transferred polarization can be several orders of magnitude higher than thermal polarization. Here we demonstrate direct detection of polarization transfer from highly polarized 129Xe gas spins to 1H spins in solution via SPINOE. At ultra‐low field, where thermal nuclear spin polarization is close to background noise levels and where different nuclei can be simultaneously detected in a single spectrum, the dynamics of the polarization transfer can be observed in real time. We show that by simply bubbling hyperpolarized 129Xe into solution, we can enhance 1H polarization levels by a factor of up to 151‐fold. While our protocol leads to lower enhancements than those previously reported under extreme Xe gas pressures, the methodology is easily repeatable and allows for on‐demand enhanced spectroscopy. SPINOE at ultra‐low magnetic field could also be employed to study 129Xe interactions in solutions.
Can Dative Bond Between Two Anions Possible?
Authors: Guha Ankur Kanti
Published: July 2023

Formation of a genuine chemical bond between two similarly charged fragments is beyond expectation. Any such interaction generally lies in the realm of non‐covalent interaction. Herein, formation of a strong dative covalent bond between two anionic fragments is reported for the first time. Calculation using ab initio coupled cluster theory reveals the formation of an unprecedented strong H3Be−←X−(X−=CH3−, CN−, OH−, F−) dative covalent bond. The calculated bond dissociation energies in polar solvents are significant, which indicates the possibility of their experimental realization.
A diagnostic subgroup comparison of health care utilization patterns in individuals with eating disorders diagnosed in childhood and/or adolescence
Authors: Couturier Jennifer , Gayowsky Anastasia , Findlay Sheri , Webb Cheryl , Sami Sadaf , Chan Anthony , Chanchlani Rahul , Kurdyak Paul
Published: July 2023

Objective

This study examined a 2‐year period after diagnosis of an eating disorder to compare health care utilization in diagnostic subgroups including: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge‐eating disorder (BED), avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), and other specified eating disorders (Other).

Method

We conducted a retrospective study of children diagnosed with AN (n = 674), BN (n = 230), BED (n = 59), ARFID (n = 171), and Other (n = 315). We used a general population cohort for comparison, matched 5:1 to the diagnostic subgroups on sex and birth date. We then conducted a separate analysis using the ARFID subgroup as a reference group compared to the other subgroups. Outcomes were determined using data linkage with health administrative databases and included hospitalizations, emergency department, general practitioner, psychiatry, and pediatrician visits. Odds ratios (dichotomous outcomes) and rate ratios (continuous outcome) were calculated.

Results

Mental health care utilization was higher for all subgroups compared to the general population. When the subgroups were compared to the ARFID subgroup, those with ARFID appeared to have similar health care utilization to the other subgroups, except when compared to those with AN. The AN subgroup had higher odds of a mental health related hospitalization (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04–2.5) higher rates of mental health related pediatrician visits (RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.26–2.46) and psychiatry visits (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.07–2.68).

Conclusions

Those with ARFID have similar utilization as other subtypes of eating disorders, except when compared to those with AN who have higher health care utilization.

Public Significance

Our study found that the health service needs of young people with all types of eating disorders are substantially higher than the general population, and it appears that Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) has similar health care utilization to other eating disorders.
Design of tables for the presentation and communication of data in ecological and evolutionary biology
Authors: Remshard Miriam , Queenborough Simon A.
Published: July 2023

Tables and charts have long been seen as effective ways to convey data. Much attention has been focused on improving charts, following ideas of human perception and brain function. Tables can also be viewed as two‐dimensional representations of data; yet, it is only fairly recently that we have begun to apply principles of design that aid the communication of information between the author and reader. In this study, we collated guidelines for the design of data and statistical tables. These guidelines fall under three principles: aiding comparisons, reducing visual clutter, and increasing readability. We surveyed tables published in recent issues of 43 journals in the fields of ecology and evolutionary biology for their adherence to these three principles, as well as author guidelines on journal publisher websites. We found that most of the over 1000 tables we sampled had no heavy grid lines and little visual clutter. They were also easy to read, with clear headers and horizontal orientation. However, most tables did not aid the vertical comparison of numeric data. We suggest that authors could improve their tables by the right‐flush alignment of numeric columns typeset with a tabular font, clearly identify statistical significance, and use clear titles and captions. Journal publishers could easily implement these formatting guidelines when typesetting manuscripts.
Mitogenomic phylogeny of nymphalid subfamilies confirms the basal clade position of Danainae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Asghar , Shen Rongrong , Zhang Lan , Sheikh Taslima , Xing Jichun
Published: July 2023

The phylogenetic relationships among the nymphalid subfamilies have largely been resolved using both morphological and molecular datasets, with the exception of a conflicting basal clade position for Libytheinae or Danainae that remains contentious between morphological and molecular studies. Several phylogenomic analyses have found that the danaine clade is sister to other nymphalid subfamilies; however, it largely depends on utilizing different molecular datasets, analysis methods, and taxon sampling. This study aimed to resolve the basal clade position and relationships among subfamilies and tribes of Nymphalinae by combining the most comprehensive available mitogenomic datasets with various analyses methods by incorporating a newSymbrenthia lilaeaHewitson sequence data. Phylogenetic relationships among 11 nymphalid subfamilies and the tribes of Nymphalinae were inferred by combining new and available mitogenomic sequence data from 80 ingroup and six outgroup species. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum‐likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods based on five concatenated datasets: amino acid sequences and nucleotides from different combinations of protein‐coding genes (PCGs), ribosomal RNA (rRNAs), and transfer RNA (tRNAs). Danainae is well‐supported as the basal clade and sister to the remaining nymphalid subfamilies, except for the paraphyletic Libytheinae. Libytheinae was either recovered as a sister to the danaine clade followed by the satyrine clade or sister to the nymphaline + heliconiine clades, and is consistent with recent phylogenetic studies on Nymphalidae. The monophyletic Nymphalinae has been recovered in all analyses and resolves tribal‐level relationships with high support values in both BI and ML analyses. We supported the monophyletic Nymphalini as a sister clade to Victorini, Melitaeini, and Kallimini + Junoniini with high supporting values in BI and ML analyses, which is consistent with previously published morphological and molecular studies.
Sacubitril/valsartan for cardioprotection in breast cancer (MAINSTREAM): design and rationale of the randomized trial
Authors: Tajstra Mateusz , Dyrbuś Maciej , Rutkowski Tomasz , Składowski Krzysztof , Sosnowska‐Pasiarska Barbara , Góźdź Stanisław , Radecka Barbara , Staszewski Marek , Majsnerowska Aleksandra , Myrda Krzysztof , Nowowiejska‐Wiewióra Alicja , Skoczylas Ilona , Rymkiewicz Igor , Niklewski Tomasz , Nowak Jolanta , Przybyłowski Piotr , Gąsior Mariusz , Jarząb Michał
Published: July 2023

Aims

In recent years, survival in patients with breast cancer has increased. Despite the improvement in outcomes of those patients, the risk of treatment‐related cardiotoxicity remains high, and its presence has been associated with a higher risk of treatment termination and thus lower therapeutic efficacy. Prior trials demonstrated that a preventive initiation of heart failure drugs, including the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors, might reduce the risk of treatment‐related cardiotoxicity. However, to date, no study investigated the efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan, a novel antineurohormonal drug shown to be superior to the previous therapies, in the prevention of cardiotoxicity in patients with early‐stage breast cancer, which is the aim of the trial.

Methods and results

MAINSTREAM is a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, multicentre, clinical trial. After the run‐in period, a total of 480 patients with early breast cancer undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and/or anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 drugs will be randomized to the highest tolerated dose of sacubitril/valsartan, being preferably 97/103 mg twice daily or placebo in 1:1 ratio. The patients will be monitored, including routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and laboratory biomarker monitoring, for 24 months. The primary endpoint of the trial will be the occurrence of a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction by ≥5% in TTE within 24 months. The key secondary endpoints will be the composite endpoint of death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure, as well as other imaging, laboratory, and clinical outcomes, including the occurrence of the cancer therapy‐related cardiac dysfunction resulting in the necessity to initiate treatment. The first patients are expected to be recruited in the coming months, and the estimated completion of the study and publication of the results are expected in December 2027, pending recruitment.

Conclusions

The MAINSTREAM trial will determine the efficacy and safety of treatment with sacubitril/valsartan as a prevention of cardiotoxicity in patients with early breast cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT05465031).
Regenerative Braking Control Strategy Based on Pavement Recognition Controller for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Chen Qiping , Lv Zongyu , Xu Wuhao , Shu Qiang , Liu Senhai , Xu Li
Published: July 2023

Regenerative braking is a key technology for electric vehicles to improve energy efficiency and extend driving range. Considering the impact of road surface adhesion coefficient in the regenerative braking process of vehicles is a meaningful but challenging problem. To effectively utilize the pavement adhesion coefficient and improve the brake energy recovery effect, a pavement observer‐based regenerative braking control strategy for pure electric vehicles is proposed. The control strategy can identify the pavement based on correction factor by analogy idea according to the real‐time state information of vehicles. The optimal braking force distribution coefficient under different pavements is obtained by Fmincon function based on interior point algorithm. The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by Simulink/CarSim software cosimulation and road test. The results show that the braking time of the proposed regenerative braking control strategy is reduced by 8.2% and the average actual feedback braking torque is increased by 17.6% in dry asphalt conditions compared with the fixed proportional distribution control strategy. Under the premise of effectively ensuring the braking stability and safety of the vehicle, more energy generated during braking can be recovered.
Adjoint shape sensitivities of blood flows considering non‐Newtonian properties
Authors: Bletsos Georgios , Kühl Niklas , Rung Thomas
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the derivation and numerical implementation of an adjoint system, to the primal Navier–Stokes equations, for the computation of shape sensitivities of ducted blood flows considering non‐Newtonian fluid properties. The ever‐growing advancements in blood flow simulations are, naturally, accompanied by an increased interest in the optimization of related medical devices. In the majority of the computational studies, the Newtonian assumption is used to describe the rheology of blood. While this assumption has been shown to satisfactorily capture the flow when it is governed by high shear rates, it falls short at low shear rates. A rich variety of viscosity models has been proposed to tackle this shortcoming. In this article we show how such models can be incorporated into an adjoint system targeting to produce the shape sensitivity which can be used by a gradient‐based optimization method for the minimization of an objective functional. A general formulation of the adjoint equations is proposed, in which contributions of the non‐Newtonian properties explicitly occur. The numerical implementation is discussed and the validity of the method is assessed by means of numerical experiments of steady blood flows in a 2D stenosed duct, where results are compared against second‐order finite‐difference (FD) studies. The proposed methodology is then applied to CAD‐free, gradient‐based shape optimizations of an idealized 3D arterial bypass‐graft operating at three relevant Reynolds numbers. It is observed that the impact of the adjoint viscosity treatment is amplified in low shear‐rate flow regimes while fades for higher shear‐rates, analogous to its primal counterpart.
Contribution to the improvement of the nutritional and functional properties of bread by incorporating cinnamon powder (Cinnamomum verum)
Authors: Bouatenin Koffi Maïzan Jean‐Paul , Camara Fatoumata , Tohoyessou Yabo Majoie Geroxie , Hermann Coulibaly Wahauwouélé , Boli Zamblé Bi Irié Abel , Ouattara Gniré Abibata , Koussemon Marina
Published: July 2023

Bread is a staple food for billions of households around the world; yet, some of its nutritional value is reduced during the manufacturing process. With this in mind, this work was carried out with the objective of improving the nutritional and functional properties of white bread by using cinnamon in breadmaking in order to contribute to the prevention of certain diseases related to eating habits. Therefore, bread‐making trials by incorporating 0%, 0.5%, and 1% of cinnamon powder were carried out. From then on, the breads produced underwent physicochemical, biochemical, and organoleptic analyses. Thus, the results showed that the biochemical composition of the bread containing 1% cinnamon powder and the bread containing 0.5% cinnamon was 11.96 ± 0.02% and 11.22 ± 0.02% for protein, 1.70 ± 0.01% and 1.41 ± 0.07% for fiber, respectively, compared to 10.76 ± 0.014% protein and 1.36 ± 0.17% fiber for the bread without cinnamon. In terms of phytochemical composition, the bread containing 1% cinnamon powder recorded the highest contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins (551.295 ± 25 μg EAG/g DM, respectively; 53.117 ± 1.36 μg EQ/g DM and 269.837 ± 39.2 μg EC/g DM) compared to the bread containing 0.5% of cinnamon powder and the bread with 1% cinnamon. From the nutritional and phytochemical point of view, the results of this work showed the positive impact of the incorporation of cinnamon powder in wheat flour‐based bread with beneficial properties on the health of consumers.
A predictive model of carer resilience in dementia family caregiving: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Leung Phuong , Orrell Martin , Yates Lauren , Orgeta Vasiliki
Published: July 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the mediating effects of quality of the caregiving relationship and other carer and person with dementia variables in predicting carer resilience over time.

Method

Carers of people with mild and moderate dementia in community settings completed baseline (n = 176 dyads) and six‐month follow‐up assessments (n = 139 dyads). Causal mediation analysis was conducted using Pearson Correlation and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to examine longitudinal predictors of carer resilience, and the effect of several mediating person with dementia, and carer factors on carer resilience over time.

Results

At 6‐month follow‐up, higher levels of carer resilience were longitudinally correlated with higher ratings of perceived relationship quality by people with dementia (r = 0.53 p ≤ 0.01), and lower levels of emotional distress symptoms by carer's (r = −0.59 p ≤ 0.01). Mediation analyses showed that people with dementia perspectives of the quality of the caregiving relationship mediated the relationship between carer distress specific to neuropsychiatric symptoms (β = −0.32, p ≤ 0.001) and carer resilience (β = 0.53, p ≤ 0.001) over time. The final SEM provided a good fit for the data (X
2 = 0.12, p = 0.72, CFI = 1.00, NFI = 0.99, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.001).

Conclusion

Higher ratings of perceived relationship quality by people with dementia, and lower levels of carer emotional distress predicted higher carer resilience at follow‐up. People with dementia perspectives of the quality of the caregiving relationship mediated the relationship between carer distress specific to neuropsychiatric symptoms and carer resilience over time. Our findings indicate that interventions aimed at strengthening the caregiving relationship might have a protective long‐term effect for carer resilience in dementia caregiving.
Hypoxia‐induced tumor exosomes promote angiogenesis through miR‐1825/TSC2/mTOR axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Capik Ozel , Gumus Rasim , Karatas Omer Faruk
Published: July 2023

Background

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by enhanced angiogenesis resulting in poor prognosis despite improvements in diagnostic/therapeutic techniques. Here, we aimed at investigating potential roles of miR‐1825 enclosed in OSCC‐derived exosomes on angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions.

Methods

Effects of miR‐1825 mimic/inhibitor as well as hypoxia‐induced tumor derived exosomes on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated using cell viability, migration/invasion, tube formation, and spheroid‐based 3D angiogenesis assays.

Results

Hypoxic conditions caused significant increase in miR‐1825 levels in OSCC cells and hiTDEs. miR‐1825 alone and within hiTDEs promoted endothelial cell viability, migration, invasion, and angiogenic potential, which is reversed via inhibition of miR‐1825 expression. miR‐1825 within hiTDEs altered the angiogenesis potential of HUVEC cells via deregulation of TSC2/mTOR axis.

Conclusions

We showed that hypoxia led to OSCC‐derived exosome mediated transfer of miR‐1825 to HUVECs and enhanced angiogenesis in OSCC in vitro.
Pharmacological effects of gastrodin: Insight into neurological diseases and mechanism in ferroptosis and pyroptosis
Authors: Zheng Xue , Li Jing , Zhu Zhao‐Qiong
Published: July 2023

Gastrodin, as an effective monomer of gastrodia elata, plays a significant role in anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptosis, and other aspects. As the global aging process continues to intensify, diseases of the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and immune system have brought serious economic and mental burdens to families and have become a major challenge for global public health resources. Many studies have proved that gastrodin may be a potential drug for neurological diseases and ischemic injury but its mechanism of action is still unclear. [Correction added on 19 February 2025, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, “the treatment of various systemic diseases” has been corrected to “neurological diseases and ischemic injury” in this version.]. In this study, the pharmacological action of gastrodin and the possible mechanism of regulating ferroptosis and pyroptosis were reviewed to provide a new treatment and research direction for clinicians and researchers.
Integrated environmental health assessment: Proposed approaches to exposure during chemical incidents
Authors: Michele Rasoloharimahefa-Rasamoela , Catherine Bouland
Published: July 2023

An integrated environmental health exposure assessment (IEHA) refers to the integration of human biomonitoring data (HBM) and environmental measurements and aims to optimize the exposure assessment process. Due to lack of data, this approach remains an issue during chemical incidents. This study aims to explore integrated exposure approaches for assessing human health risks during chemical incidents. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, a literature analysis was performed. A level of confidence ranging from 1 to 4 was established to define the quality and strength of data used to undertake an IEHA approach. Twenty-seven articles (n = 18) and texts (n = 9) from Europe (41%) and the United States (37%) were analyzed. Among the 18 scientific articles, 61% (n = 11) presented a quantitative approach and 17% (n = 3) presented a qualitative approach. Quantitative approaches must be based on accurate data, coupled with predictive models. Of all the scientific papers, 40% (n = 7) responded to a confidence level greater than or equal to 2. Uncertainties detected through the integrated exposure approaches were related to input data, analytical methods, and HBM reference value interpretations. During chemical incidents, direct measurements were the most relevant data. Few scientific studies have developed an integrated approach during emergency situations. However, when this was used, they presented a high level of confidence by defining levels of exposure that support decision-making processes. Despite the multiple approaches, there was a lack of guidelines allowing an integrated risk assessment to be performed during an emergency chemical exposure. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:481–497. © 2023 SETAC
The policy mix in a monetary union: Who bears the burden of asymmetric shocks' stabilisation?
Authors: Mavrodimitrakis Christos
Published: July 2023

We utilise a standard reduced‐form neo‐Keynesian model in a monetary union, in which the monetary authority and the fiscal authorities strategically interact, to explore who, under alternative institutional arrangements (strategic and fiscal regimes) and shocks' configurations, bears the burden of asymmetric shocks' stabilisation. We show that in the core/periphery fiscal regime, described by an asymmetry in the sequence of moves between the core and the peripheral member‐states, asymmetric shocks pass through at the union level to the inflation rate and the output gap when there are strategically significant spill‐over effects and the monetary policy's and fiscal policies' instruments are not perfect substitutes in the stabilisation process. The monetary authority reacts to asymmetric shocks, but does not succeed in fully offsetting them. The first best implies the coordination of fiscal policies. A second best embraces the fiscal leadership strategic regime (as a form of implicit coordination), when there are strong interconnections in the union, or the use of policy instruments by the fiscal authorities that directly decrease inflation when fiscal policy is expansionary, such as taxes, production subsidies or public investment, when there is a strong cost channel of monetary policy.
Making sense of uncertainty: An application to the Scandinavian banking sector
Authors: Forsström Viktor , Lind Karl , Sousa Ricardo M. , Uddin Gazi Salah , Jayasekera Ranadeva
Published: July 2023

We study the impact of different sources of global, regional and local uncertainty on the seven largest Scandinavian banks over the period 2005–2018. Using a spillover approach and network analysis, we find that Swedish banks are the main source of contagion in the region and spillovers tend to increase in times of heightened uncertainty. Global economic policy uncertainty, global financial uncertainty and local housing market uncertainty affect the Scandinavian banking sector the most. By contrast, geopolitical risk spillovers are limited.
Banking integration and market competition: Evidence from the ASEAN‐6 countries
Authors: Gillet Philippe , Le Phuong , Nguyen Duc Khuong
Published: July 2023

This article investigates the effects of banking integration on banking competition in the ASEAN‐6 countries. Using a data set of 3217 bank‐year observations over the period 1996–2018, our main results indicate that: (i) banking openness positively affects banking competition; (ii) the overall degree of balanced (in/out) integration leads to greater market power; and (iii) the increase in the market monopoly following the participation of foreign banks can be reduced by good regulatory policies. These results remain intact when two alternative competition measures are employed and when a polynomial model and a threshold model are used to reveal the non‐linear and heterogeneous effects of banking integration.
Hydraulic performance of the rotational damping sprinkler: Analysis of the force acting on diffuser tooth I
Authors: Pan Xuwei , Jiang Yue , Li Hong , Zhou Xuan
Published: July 2023

Improving water distribution uniformity is crucial for the development of high‐performance irrigation sprinklers, and the diffuser's tooth length greatly influences water distribution. Five diffusers with varying tooth I lengths were designed and researched. The expressions for the force acting on tooth I, the hydraulic performance of the sprinkler and the combination uniformity were obtained analytically and experimentally. The results showed that the tooth I force is affected by the working pressure, the ratio between the plate outlet area and the riser pipe flow area, tooth width, entry water depth, trajectory angle and tooth I slope surface angle. Moreover, the components of the tooth I force acting in the vertical, radial and circumferential directions increase with the tooth I length and working pressure. The necessary condition for normal diffuser operation is that the force in the aforementioned three directions should be greater than 0.37, 0.57 and 0.28 N, respectively. Furthermore, when the working pressure is increased by 50 kPa, hereby reducing the rotation time by 10 min and the tooth I length by 1 mm, its water distribution and combination uniformity are optimal. This study provides a basis for designing and operating diffusers and improving sprinkler hydraulic performance.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Diagnose Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures on Plain Radiographs
Authors: Shen Li , Gao Chao , Hu Shundong , Kang Dan , Zhang Zhaogang , Xia Dongdong , Xu Yiren , Xiang Shoukui , Zhu Qiong , Xu GeWen , Tang Feng , Yue Hua , Yu Wei , Zhang Zhenlin
Published: July 2023

Osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in elderly population, and accurate diagnosis is important for improving treatment outcomes. OVF diagnosis suffers from high misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis rates, as well as high workload. Deep learning methods applied to plain radiographs, a simple, fast, and inexpensive examination, might solve this problem. We developed and validated a deep‐learning‐based vertebral fracture diagnostic system using area loss ratio, which assisted a multitasking network to perform skeletal position detection and segmentation and identify and grade vertebral fractures. As the training set and internal validation set, we used 11,397 plain radiographs from six community centers in Shanghai. For the external validation set, 1276 participants were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital (1276 plain radiographs). Radiologists performed all X‐ray images and used the Genant semiquantitative tool for fracture diagnosis and grading as the ground truth data. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were used to evaluate diagnostic performance. The AI_OVF_SH system demonstrated high accuracy and computational speed in skeletal position detection and segmentation. In the internal validation set, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with the AI_OVF_SH model were 97.41%, 84.08%, and 97.25%, respectively, for all fractures. The sensitivity and specificity for moderate fractures were 88.55% and 99.74%, respectively, and for severe fractures, they were 92.30% and 99.92%. In the external validation set, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for all fractures were 96.85%, 83.35%, and 94.70%, respectively. For moderate fractures, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.61% and 99.85%, respectively, and 93.46% and 99.92% for severe fractures. Therefore, the AI_OVF_SH system is an efficient tool to assist radiologists and clinicians to improve the diagnosing of vertebral fractures. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
EP1 receptor: Devil in emperors coat
Authors: Mushtaq Umar
Published: July 2023

EP1 receptor belongs to prostanoid receptors and is activated by prostaglandin E2. The receptor performs contrasting functions in central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues. Although the receptor is neurotoxic and proapoptotic in CNS, it has also been reported to act in an antiapoptotic manner by modulating cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and migration in different types of cancers. The receptor mediates its neurotoxic effects by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ levels, leading to the activation of its downstream target, protein kinase C, in different neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and epilepsy. Antagonists ONO‐8713, SC51089, and SC51322 against EP1 receptor ameliorate the neurotoxic effect by attenuating the neuroinflammation. The receptor also shows increased expression in different types of cancers and has been found to activate different signaling pathways, which lead to the development, progression, and metastasis of different cancers. The receptor stimulates the cell survival pathway by phosphorylating the AKT and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) signaling pathways. Although there are limited studies about this receptor and not a single clinical trial has been targeting the EP1 receptor for different neurological disorders or cancer, the receptor is appearing as a potential candidate for therapeutic targets. The aim of this article is to review the recent progress in understanding the pathogenic roles of EP1 receptors in different pathological conditions.
Targeting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway with combination of Wnt inhibitor and chalcone complexes in lung cancer cells
Authors: Erturk Elif , Onur Omer E. , Aydin Ipek , Akgun Oguzhan , Coskun Demet , Ari Ferda
Published: July 2023

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of the lung cancer. Despite development in treatment options in NSCLC, the overall survival ratios is still poor due to epithelial and mesenchymal transition (EMT) feature and associated metastasis event. Thereby there is a need to develop strategy to increase antitumor response against the NSCLC cells by targeting EMT pathway with combination drugs. Niclosamide and chalcone complexes are both affect cancer cell signaling pathways and therefore inhibit the EMT pathway. In this study, it was aimed to increase antitumor response and suppress EMT pathway in NSCLC cells by combining niclosamide and chalcone complexes. SRB cell viability assay was performed to investigate the anticancer activity of drugs. The drugs were tested on both NSCLC cells (A549 and H1299) and normal lung bronchial cells (BEAS‐2B). Then the two drugs were combined and their effects on cancer cells were evaluated. Fluorescence imaging and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were performed on treated cells to observe the cell death manner. Wound healing assay, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis were performed to measure EMT pathway activity. Our results showed that niclosamide and chalcone complexes combination kill cancer cells more than normal lung bronchial cells. Compared to single drug administration, the combination of both drugs killed NSCLC cells more effectively by increasing apoptotic activity. In addition, the combination of niclosamide and chalcone complexes decreased multidrug resistance and EMT activity by lowering their gene expressions and protein levels. These results showed that niclosamide and chalcone complexes combination could be a new drug combination for the treatment of NSCLC.
Combination of 3PO analog PFK15 and siPFKL efficiently suppresses the migration, colony formation ability, and PFK‐1 activity of triple‐negative breast cancers by reducing the glycolysis
Authors: Kashyap Akanksha , Umar Sheikh Mohammad , Dev J. R. Arundhathi , Mathur Sandeep R. , Gogia Ajay , Batra Atul , Deo S. V. S. , Prasad Chandra Prakash
Published: July 2023

Among all the subtypes of breast cancer, triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been associated with the worst prognosis. Recently, for many solid tumors (including breast cancer) metabolic reprogramming has appeared as a cancer cell hallmark, and the elevated glycolytic pathway has been linked to their aggressive phenotype. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of PFKFB3 (6‐phosphofructo‐2‐ kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase) in TNBCs. Prognostic significance of PFKFB3 expression was evaluated in overall breast cancers as well as in TNBCs. PFKFB3 inhibitor (3PO potent analogue i.e., PFK15) cytotoxicity in TNBC cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468) was analyzed using an MTT (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Cancer cell physiological characteristics like clonogenicity and migration were also investigated after PFK15 treatment. As fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphate (F‐2,6‐BP), has been associated with increased PFK‐1 activity, the effect of PFKFB3 inhibition by PFK15 was investigated on two major isoforms of phosphofructokinase‐1 (PFK‐1) in breast cancer, that is, phosphofructokinase‐platelet type (PFKP) and phosphofructokinase‐liver type (PFKL) (relevant to breast cancer). For PFKL inhibition, the siRNA approach was used. PFKFB3 expression was significantly correlated with inferior overall survival in breast cancer patients including TNBCs. PFK15 treatment in TNBC cells (i.e., MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468) resulted in a decreased PFKP expression, thereby leading to reduced colony formation ability, migration rate, and extracellular lactate levels. However, to our surprise PFK15 treatment in both TNBC cells also resulted in elevated PFKL levels. Our results demonstrated that the combinatorial inhibition of PFK15 with siPFKL was more effective in TNBC cells, as it led to a decrease in colony formation ability, migration rate, extracellular lactate levels, and PFK‐1 activity when compared with individual treatments. Using bona fide PFKFB3 inhibitor, that is, AZ67, we further show that AZ67 treatment to TNBC cells has no effect either on the expression of PFKP and PFKL, or on the lactate production. In summary, our present in vitro study demonstrated that 3PO derived PFK15 mechanism of action is totally different from AZ67 in TNBC cells. However, we advocate that the PFK15–mediated inhibition (along with PFKL) on the TNBCs migration, colony formation, and PFK‐1 activity can be further explored for the therapeutic advantage of TNBC patients.
Varieties of development: On the plurality of political economies and how to harness it
Authors: Garcés‐Velástegui Pablo
Published: July 2023

Development models are disputed in the global South and North, as evidenced by recent protests advancing different desirable social ends and means. The diversity of development ideas suggests it is a wicked problem, requiring clumsy solutions. Employing grid group cultural theory, this article elucidates that plurality and indicates ways to harness it. Four irreducible, ideal‐typical notions of development are found: market‐led individual prosperity, state‐led system‐wide welfare, alternatives of community‐led equal welfare with ecological conservation and a mirage. Clumsy development models secure legitimacy and effectiveness by engaging all worldviews, including their distinct pathways to clumsiness or messy institutions.