bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
toca-1 Is in a Novel Pathway That Functions in Parallel with a SUN-KASH Nuclear Envelope Bridge to Move Nuclei in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chang Yu-Tai , Dranow Daniel , Kuhn Jonathan , Meyerzon Marina , Ngo Minh , Ratner Dmitry , Warltier Karin , Starr Daniel A
Published: November 2012

Moving the nucleus to an intracellular location is critical to many fundamental cell and developmental processes, including cell migration, differentiation, fertilization, and establishment of cellular polarity. Bridges of SUN and KASH proteins span the nuclear envelope and mediate many nuclear positioning events, but other pathways function independently through poorly characterized mechanisms. To identify and characterize novel mechanisms of nuclear migration, we conducted a nonbiased forward genetic screen for mutations that enhanced the nuclear migration defect of unc-84, which encodes a SUN protein. In Caenorhabditis elegans larvae, failure of hypodermal P-cell nuclear migration results in uncoordinated and egg-laying–defective animals. The process of P-cell nuclear migration in unc-84 null animals is temperature sensitive; at 25° migration fails in unc-84 mutants, but at 15° the migration occurs normally. We hypothesized that an additional pathway functions in parallel to the unc-84 pathway to move P-cell nuclei at 15°. In support of our hypothesis, forward genetic screens isolated eight emu (enhancer of the nuclearmigration defect ofunc-84) mutations that disrupt nuclear migration only in a null unc-84 background. The yc20 mutant was determined to carry a mutation in the toca-1 gene. TOCA-1 functions to move P-cell nuclei in a cell-autonomous manner. TOCA-1 is conserved in humans, where it functions to nucleate and organize actin during endocytosis. Therefore, we have uncovered a player in a previously unknown, likely actin-dependent, pathway that functions to move nuclei in parallel to SUN-KASH bridges. The other emu mutations potentially represent other components of this novel pathway.
Objetivos e métodos de preço no varejo: estudo na zona sul de São Paulo
Authors: Alves Carlos Alberto , Varotto Luís Fernando , Gonçalves Marcelo Neves
Published: November 2012

No varejo existe uma complexa tarefa na formulação das estratégias de precificação. Enquanto os objetivos de preço fornecem uma direção geral para ação, os métodos de precificação são procedimentos pelos quais as organizações atingem suas decisões de preços. O escopo deste trabalho é explorar os objetivos de preços do varejo juntamente com os métodos que adota para precificar, investigando se os objetivos estão associados aos métodos. A pesquisa mostra que as empresas da amostra estão fundamentalmente perseguindo objetivos quantitativos em vez de qualitativos, com uma forte ênfase na realização de vendas e lucros, seguido pelo desenvolvimento de mercado. Outro ponto relevante na discussão das estratégias de varejo: as empresas da amostra parecem dar menor importância a métodos de orientação ao cliente e empregam com mais frequência o método tradicional de custos.
Brasileiro gosta de "muvuca"?: impacto da densidade humana no comportamento de compra
Authors: Brandão Marcelo Moll , Parente Juracy
Published: November 2012

Este estudo investigou como as variações de densidade humana nas lojas afetam a percepção de crowding e a satisfação dos consumidores. Por meio de dois experimentos, testou-se como a relação entre a densidade e as respostas dos consumidores é moderada pelas variáveis: familiaridade, habilidade de avaliar a estética de uma loja e nível de renda dos consumidores. Os testes revelaram que, enquanto o aumento da familiaridade amortece reações negativas ao crowding, o aumento do nível perspicácia estética agrava a reação negativa do consumidor. Não houve diferenças significativas nas respostas entre os níveis de baixa e média densidade humana, mas verificou- -se aumento das reações negativas na alta densidade. Diferenças nas reações de consumidores de baixa e da alta renda não foram observadas. O trabalho traz sugestões gerenciais e oferece uma contribuição teórica para o melhor entendimento do fenômeno de crowding, e sugere caminhos para a continuidade da sua investigação.
Low genetic diversity in Wolbachia-Infected Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Brazil and Argentina
Authors: Morais Sirlei Antunes , Almeida Fábio de , Suesdek Lincoln , Marrelli Mauro Toledo
Published: November 2012

Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of human pathogens, including filarial nematodes and several viruses. Although its epidemiological relevance is known to vary across geographical regions, an understanding of its population genetic structure is still incipient. In light of this, we evaluated the genetic diversity of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens x Cx. quinquefasciatus hybrids collected from nine localities in Brazil and one site in Argentina. We used mitochondrial genes cox1 and nd4, along with the coxA and wsp genes of the maternally-inherited Wolbachia endosymbiont. The nd4 fragment was invariant between samples, whilst cox1 exhibited four haplotypes that separated two types of Cx. quinquefasciatus, one clustered in southern Brazil. Low sequence diversity was generally observed, being discussed. Both Brazilian and Argentinian mosquitoes were infected with a single Wolbachia strain. As reported in previous studies with these populations, cox1 and nd4 diversity is not congruent with the population structure revealed by nuclear markers or alar morphology. Future Cx. quinquefasciatus research should, if possible, evaluate mtDNA diversity in light of other markers.
Toxicity of saponin isolated from Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae) against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito in India
Authors: Elumalai Kupppusamy , Dhanasekaran Shanmugan , Krishnappa Kaliamoorthy
Published: November 2012

To determine the larvicidal activity of various extracts of Gymnema sylvestre against the Japanese Encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorynchus in Tamilnadu, India. To identify the active principle present in the promising fraction obtained in Chlorofom:Methanol extract of Fraction 2. The G. sylvestre leaf extracts were tested, employing WHO procedure against fourth instar larvae of C. tritaeniorhynchus and the larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50 and 100 µg/mL); the 24h LC50 values of the G. Sylvestre leaf extracts were determined following Probit analysis. It was noteworthy that treatment level 100 µg/mL exhibited highest mortality rates for the three different crude extracts and was significantly different from the mean mortalities recorded for the other concentrations. The LC50 values of 34.756 µg/mL (24.475-51.41), 31.351 µg/mL (20.634-47.043) and 28.577 µg/mL (25.159-32.308) were calculated for acetone, chloroform and methanol extract with the chi-square values of 10.301, 31.351 and 4.093 respectively. The present investigation proved that G. Sylvestre could be possibly utilized as an important component in the Vector Control Program.
Surveillance of influenza A H1N1 2009 among school children during 2009 and 2010 in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Guatura Sandra Baltazar , Watanabe Aripuana Sakurada Aranha , Camargo Clarice Neves , Passos Ana Maria , Parmezan Sheila Negrini , Tomazella Tatiane Karen Cabeça , Carraro Emerson , Kamikawa Janete , Granato Celso , Bellei Nancy
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION: Influenza A H1N1 2009 is associated with a high morbidity rate among children around the world, including Brazil. This survey was conducted on samples of symptomatic children (< 12 years) to investigate the influenza virus as the etiological agent of respiratory infections in a day care school in a health facility during the first and second pandemic wave of H1N1 (2009-2010) in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Influenza infections were determined by real-time PCR in 34% (47/137) of children with a median age of 5 years (8 months - 12 years), from June to October 2009 and in 16% (14/85) of those with median age of 6 years (1-12 years), from March to November 2010. RESULTS: In general, most positive cases (64%) occurred in children aged 5-12 years, this age group was significantly the most affected (39.8%, p = 0.001, OR = 8.3, CI 95% 1.9-36.9). Wheezing was reported by 31% (19/61) and dyspnea by 23% (14/61) of the studied patients. An outbreak of influenza H1N1 with an attack rate of 35.7% among children (median age 6 years) was documented in April 2010, before the vaccination campaign against the pandemic virus was extended for children up to 5 years in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the study reinforces the recommendation to immunize school children to reduce the incidence of the disease.
Paracoccidioidomycosis case series with and without central nervous system involvement
Authors: Pedroso Vinicius Sousa Pietra , Lyon Ana Claudia , Araújo Stanley Almeida , Veloso Juliana Márcia Ribeiro , Pedroso Enio Roberto Pietra , Teixeira Antônio Lucio
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most important systemic mycosis in South America. Central nervous system involvement is potentially fatal and can occur in 12.5% of cases. This paper aims to contribute to the literature describing eight cases of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPMC) and compare their characteristics with patients without neurological involvement, to identify unique characteristics of NPCM. METHODS: A cohort of 213 PCM cases was evaluated at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from October 1976 to August 2008. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic and follow-up data were registered. RESULTS: Eight patients presented NPCM. The observed NPCM prevalence was 3.8%. One patient presented the subacute form of PCM and the other seven presented the chronic form of the disease. The parenchymatous form of NPCM occurred in all patients. 60% of the patients who proceeded from the north/ northeast region of Minas Gerais State developed NPCM. The neurological involvement of a mother and her son was observed. NPCM patients exhibited demographical and clinical profiles similar to what is described in the literature. When NPCM cases were compared to PCM patients, there were differences in relation to origin and positive PCM family history. CONCLUSIONS: The results corroborate the clinical view that the neurological findings are extremely important in the evaluation of PCM patients. Despite the limitations of this study, the differences in relation to patient's origins and family history point to the need of further studies to determine the susceptibility factors involved in the neurological compromise.
Profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from 2002 to 2009
Authors: Brazuna Júlia Cristina Maksoud , Silva Elaine Araujo e , Brazuna Júlio Maksoud , Domingos Iara Helena , Chaves Neuma , Honer Michael Robin , van Onselen Valter Joost , Oliveira Ana Lúcia Lyrio de
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION: This study sought to describe the profile and geographic distribution of reported cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the City of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, from 2002 to 2009. METHODS: Human data were collected from the Brazilian National Information System for Notifiable Diseases. Canine cases and entomological data were obtained from the Information Service for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis Control/Campo Grande, MS. RESULTS: A total of 951 records from 2002 to 2009 were investigated. The number of reported cases of VL in males was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that in females. The higher frequency observed among males was associated with age (p < 0.0001), which increased in individuals aged 40 years and older. The overall fatality rate was 7.4%. Entomological surveys conducted in 2006, 2007, and 2009 showed the insect vector Lutzomyia longipalpis to be present in all urban regions of the county. CONCLUSIONS: VL cases in humans and dogs, as well as in vectors, occurs in all urban regions of Campo Grande. Despite not observing tendencies of increase or reduction in the incidence of the disease due to aging, the major incidence in men is higher in those aged 40 years or above.
Spatio-temporal patterns of tuberculosis incidence in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil, and their relationship with social vulnerability: a Bayesian analysis
Authors: Roza Daiane Leite da , Caccia-Bava Maria do Carmo Gullaci Guimarães , Martinez Edson Zangiacomi
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this ecological study was to evaluate the urban spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, southeast Brazil, between 2006 and 2009 and to evaluate its relationship with factors of social vulnerability such as income and education level. METHODS: We evaluated data from TBWeb, an electronic notification system for TB cases. Measures of social vulnerability were obtained from the SEADE Foundation, and information about the number of inhabitants, education and income of the households were obtained from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Statistical analyses were conducted by a Bayesian regression model assuming a Poisson distribution for the observed new cases of TB in each area. A conditional autoregressive structure was used for the spatial covariance structure. RESULTS: The Bayesian model confirmed the spatial heterogeneity of TB distribution in Ribeirão Preto, identifying areas with elevated risk and the effects of social vulnerability on the disease. We demonstrated that the rate of TB was correlated with the measures of income, education and social vulnerability. However, we observed areas with low vulnerability and high education and income, but with high estimated TB rates. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified areas with different risks for TB, given that the public health system deals with the characteristics of each region individually and prioritizes those that present a higher propensity to risk of TB. Complex relationships may exist between TB incidence and a wide range of environmental and intrinsic factors, which need to be studied in future research.
Glutathione levels in and total antioxidant capacity of Candida sp. cells exposed to oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Abegg Maxwel Adriano , Alabarse Paulo Vinícius Gil , Schüller Ártur Krumberg , Benfato Mara Silveira
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION: The capacity to overcome the oxidative stress imposed by phagocytes seems to be critical for Candida species to cause invasive candidiasis. METHODS: To better characterize the oxidative stress response (OSR) of 8 clinically relevant Candida sp., glutathione, a vital component of the intracellular redox balance, was measured using the 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB)-glutathione disulfide (GSSG) reductase reconversion method; the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured using a modified method based on the decolorization of the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical cation (ABTS*+). Both methods were used with cellular Candida sp. extracts treated or not with hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mM). RESULTS: Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide clearly reduced intracellular glutathione levels. This depletion was stronger in Candida albicans and the levels of glutathione in untreated cells were also higher in this species. The TAC demonstrated intra-specific variation. CONCLUSIONS: Glutathione levels did not correlate with the measured TAC values, despite this being the most important non-enzymatic intracellular antioxidant molecule. The results indicate that the isolated measurement of TAC does not give a clear picture of the ability of a given Candida sp. to respond to oxidative stress.
Spatial distribution of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis cases in the rural areas of Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Verônica Santos , Araújo Karina Conceição , Leal Neto Onicio Batista , Barbosa Constança Simões
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence and intensity of geohelminth infections and schistosomiasis remain high in the rural areas of Zona da Mata, Pernambuco (ZMP), Brazil, where these parasites still represent a significant public health problem. The present study aimed to spatially assess the occurrences of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis in the ZMP. METHODS: The ZMP has a population of 1,132,544 inhabitants, formed by 43 municipalities. An ecological study was conducted, using secondary data relating to positive human cases and parasite loads of schistosomiasis and positive human cases of geohelminthiasis that were worked up in Excel 2007. We used the coordinates of the municipal headquarters to represent the cities which served as the unit of analysis of this study. The Kernel estimator was used to spatially analyze the data and identify distribution patterns and case densities, with analysis done in ArcGIS software. RESULTS: Spatial analysis from the Kernel intensity estimator made it possible to construct density maps showing that the northern ZMP was the region with the greatest number of children infected with parasites and the populations most intensely infected by Schistosoma mansoni. In relation to geohelminths, there was higher spatial distribution of cases of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura in the southern ZMP, and greater occurrence of hookworms in the northern/central ZMP. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several surveys and studies showing occurrences of schistosomiasis and geohelminthiasis in the ZMP, no preventive measures that are known to have been effective in decreasing these health hazards have yet been implemented in the endemic area.
Hepatitis B revaccination for healthcare workers who are anti-HBs-negative after receiving a primary vaccination series
Authors: Lopes Marta Heloisa , Sartori Ana Marli Christovam , Souza Tatiany Viviany Gonçalves , Mascheretti Melissa , Chaves Tânia do Socorro Souza
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the response to hepatitis B (HB) revaccination of healthcare workers (HCW) who are negative for antibodies to HB surface antigen (anti-HBs) after a complete vaccination series. METHODS: HCW whose anti-HBs test was performed > 90 days after a HB vaccination course were given a 4th dose. A post-vaccination test was done within 30 to 90 days. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy HCW were enrolled: 126 (74.1%) were anti-HBs-positive after the 4th dose. CONCLUSIONS: Rechecking anti-HBs after the 4th HB vaccine dose is a practical approach in case of post-vaccination tests performed >90 days after the full vaccination course.
Bilateral paracoccidioidomycotic iliopsoas abscess associated with ileo-colonic lesion
Authors: Duani Helena , Nunes Vinícius Rodrigues Taranto , Assumpção Anísio Borges , Saraiva Isadora Sofia Borges , Rosa Rodrigo Macedo , Neiva Augusto Motta , Pedroso Ênio Roberto Pietra
Published: November 2012

This case report shows the clinical development of a patient with systemic paracoccidioidomycosis presenting with lymphatic-intestinalmanifestation. The patient initially had a substantial clinical improvement but had a recrudescence after six months of sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim oral treatment, with the emergence of feverish syndrome, lumbar pain, and intermittent claudication, characterizing a bilateral iliopsoas muscle abscess, necessitating clinicosurgical therapeutics.
Fatal disseminated strongyloidiasis after kidney transplantation
Authors: Ferreira Carla Juliana Araújo , Silva Débora Albuquerque da , Almeida Patrícia Holanda , Silva Leila Silveira Vieira da , Carvalho Valêncio Pereira , Coutinho Antônio Fernando , Pinheiro Francisco Gilberto , Maia Raimundo Pires , Silva Junior Geraldo Bezerra da , Oliveira Rodrigo Alves de
Published: November 2012

Disseminated strongyloidiasis (DS) is a rare and severe parasitic disease that is difficult to recognize and affects immunocompromised individuals. We report the case of a kidney transplant recipient who presented with DS despite prophylaxis with albendazole. We have discussed the need for better prophylactic strategies and for a higher degree of suspicion in order to diagnose DS.
Production of tomato seedlings using different substrates and trays in three protected environments
Authors: Costa Edilson , Leal Paulo A. M. , Benett Cleiton G. S. , Benett Katiane S. S. , Salamene Luiz C. P.
Published: November 2012

The seedlings production is an essential part for vegetables production. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the environment, the substrates and the containers in the development of tomato seedlings, cv. Santa crus Kada Gigante, in Aquidauana -MS, Brazil region, from October to November, 2008. Polystyrene trays with 72; 128 and 200 cells, filled with four substrates (soil; Plantmax®; coconut fiber and vermiculite) were tested in three protected environments (greenhouse; screened with Sombrite® and screened with Aluminet®). The experimental design was completely randomized, factorial scheme 3x4 (three trays x four substrates), with four replications, being analyzed individual variance analysis and joint analysis for the environments. The environment with screens (Sombrite® and Aluminet®), the trays with 72 cells and the vermiculite produced better results.
Evaluation of empirical methods to estimate reference evapotranspiration in Uberaba, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Melo Giovani L. de , Fernandes André L. T.
Published: November 2012

Evapotranspiration is the process of water loss of vegetated soil due to evaporation and transpiration, and it may be estimated by various empirical methods. This study had the objective to carry out the evaluation of the performance of the following methods: Blaney-Criddle, Jensen-Haise, Linacre, Solar Radiation, Hargreaves-Samani, Makkink, Thornthwaite, Camargo, Priestley-Taylor and Original Penman in the estimation of the potential evapotranspiration when compared to the Penman-Monteith standard method (FAO56) to the climatic conditions of Uberaba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A set of 21 years monthly data (1990 to 2010) was used, working with the climatic elements: temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and insolation. The empirical methods to estimate reference evapotranspiration were compared with the standard method using linear regression, simple statistical analysis, Willmott agreement index (d) and performance index (c). The methods Makkink and Camargo showed the best performance, with "c" values of 0.75 and 0.66, respectively. The Hargreaves-Samani method presented a better linear relation with the standard method, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.88.
Comparison between hydrographically conditioned digital elevation models in the morphometric charaterization of watersheds
Authors: Guedes Hugo A. S. , Silva Demetrius D. da
Published: November 2012

The aim of this study was to compare the hydrographically conditioned digital elevation models (HCDEMs) generated from data of VNIR (Visible Near Infrared) sensor of ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer), of SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and topographical maps from IBGE in a scale of 1:50,000, processed in the Geographical Information System (GIS), aiming the morphometric characterization of watersheds. It was taken as basis the Sub-basin of São Bartolomeu River, obtaining morphometric characteristics from HCDEMs. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and cross validation were the statistics indexes used to evaluate the quality of HCDEMs. The percentage differences in the morphometric parameters obtained from these three different data sets were less than 10%, except for the mean slope (21%). In general, it was observed a good agreement between HCDEMs generated from remote sensing data and IBGE maps. The result of HCDEM ASTER was slightly higher than that from HCDEM SRTM. The HCDEM ASTER was more accurate than the HCDEM SRTM in basins with high altitudes and rugged terrain, by presenting frequency altimetry nearest to HCDEM IBGE, considered standard in this study.
Analysis of land use and occupancy in permanent preservation areas according to the hydrography of Ribeirão Água Fria - Bofete, SP - Brazil
Authors: Nardini Rafael C. , Campos Sérgio , Gomes Luciano N. , Moreira Katiuscia F. , Piza Mariana W. de T.
Published: November 2012

The use conflicts are determined by the inadequate occupations of the soil, as it is the case of soil occupation inside of permanent preservation areas. This study aimed to determine the classes of the soil use and if there are conflicts inside of permanent preservation areas along the drainage network of the Água Fria Stream watershed, located in Bofete city - São Paulo, Brazil. It locates geographically between the coordinates: 48°09'30" to 48°18'30" longitude WGr., 22°58'30" to 23°04'30" latitude S, with an area of 15242.84 ha. The map of soil use was elaborated through the interpretation directly in the computer screen of satellite digital image. In the orbital data, the study area is inserted in the quadrant A, of image TM/Landsat - 5, orbit 220, point 76, passage 9/8th/2007. The Geographical Information System used was CartaLinx. The conflict areas of the watershed were obtained from the crossing between the maps of soil use and of PPAs. The results allowed the conclusion that more than half of the area (51.09%) is occupied by pastures, reflex of sandy soils and low fertility. It was also verified that although almost half of the watershed is covered with some type of vegetation (48.78% of natural forest /reforestation), it has approximately a third of permanent preservation areas used inappropriately by pastures (88.15%), reforestation (10.42%) and exposed soil (1.43%), totaling 343.07ha of conflicting areas, in a total of 993.26 ha of PPAs.
Water treatment by multistage filtration system with natural coagulant from Moringa oleifera seeds
Authors: Franco Monalisa , Silva Gabriela K. e , Paterniani José E. S.
Published: November 2012

This study presents an evaluation of a pilot multistage filtration system (MSF) with different dosages, 131 mg L-1 and 106 mg L-1, of the natural coagulant extracted from Moringa oleifera seeds in pre-filtration and slow filtration stages, respectively. The system was comprised by a dynamic pre-filter unit, two upflow filters in parallel and four slow filters in parallel, and in one of the four filters had the filter media altered. The performance of the system was evaluated by monitoring some water quality parameters such as: turbidity, apparent color and slow filter load loss. The stages that have received the coagulant solution had better treatment efficiency compared with the steps without it. However, the direct application of the coagulant solution in the slow filter caused rapid clogging of the non-woven blanket and shorter career length.
Ureterocele ectópica em cão: relato de caso
Authors: Lorigados C.A.B. , Zoppa A.M. , Silva L.A.G.P. , De Marco V. , Futema F. , Silva R.M.T. , Queiroz L.O.
Published: November 2012

Relataram-se o quadro clínico, o diagnóstico, o tratamento e o acompanhamento de um cão com ureterocele ectópica e hidronefrose/hidroureter associados. Após as informações obtidas nos exames laboratoriais e de diagnóstico por imagem, o animal foi submetido à ureterocelectomia e à neoureterostomia. O cão apresentou evolução favorável após a conduta terapêutica. Apesar de pouco frequente, a ureterocele deve ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial em animais jovens com histórico de incontinência urinária.
Avaliação de 67 casos de protrusão da glândula da terceira pálpebra em cães (2005-2010)
Authors: Peixoto R.V.R. , Galera P.D.
Published: November 2012

Avaliaram-se 67 casos de protrusão da glândula da terceira pálpebra (cherry eye) em cães entre 2005 e 2010. Foram analisados a incidência da doença por gênero, a raça, a idade, o acometimento uni ou bilateral e a eficácia da técnica de Morgan pocket no reposicionamento da glândula. A protrusão da glândula da terceira pálpebra foi mais frequente em fêmeas (62,6%), e a raça mais acometida foi Lhasa Apso, seguida de cães sem raça definida (SRD). A idade dos animais variou entre dois meses e 13 anos (média de três anos), sendo mais frequente em animais com idade abaixo de 24 meses. A afecção manifestou-se no olho direito de 30 (44,8%) cães, no olho esquerdo de 18 (26,8%), e, em 19 animais (28,4%), a condição foi bilateral. Verificou-se que a técnica de Morgan pocket foi eficiente na resolução da afecção e requer mais cuidados no pós-operatório das raças grandes e gigantes.
Uso do colírio de Citrus lemon em úlceras de córnea induzidas em coelhos
Authors: Perches C.S. , Brandão C.V.S. , Ranzani J.J.T. , Pellizon C.H. , Donatti C. , Fonzar J.F. , Sereno M.G. , Angélico G.T. , Padovani C.R.
Published: November 2012

Avaliaram-se e compararam-se clinicamente os efeitos de colírios de Citrus lemon (CL) na reparação de úlcera corneal superficial. Foram utilizadas 50 coelhas, distribuídas em cinco grupos experimentais de 10 animais cada. Após a indução da úlcera, três grupos foram tratados com colírios de CL, nas concentrações de 1,5% (GL1,5), 3% (GL3) e 5% (GL5). Um quarto grupo foi tratado com Tween 80 a 8%, diluente utilizado na produção dos colírios de CL, e o quinto grupo, controle, recebeu substituto da lágrima. Os grupos foram distribuídos em dois subgrupos de cinco animais; assim, o primeiro (M1) foi avaliado após 24 horas, e o segundo (M5) após cinco dias. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos quanto aos sinais clínicos secreção, hiperemia conjuntival, quemose e opacidade corneal. A extensão da úlcera corneal diminuiu, de forma significativa, em todos os grupos no M5, com exceção do GL3, o qual apresentou menor mediana quanto à extensão no M1. O colírio de óleo essencial de Citrus lemon pode ser utilizado no tratamento de ceratites ulcerativas superficiais, sem induzir irritação conjuntival, favorecendo a reepitelização corneal.
Desempenho, composição do leite e metabólitos sanguíneos de vacas Holandês x Gir manejadas em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e suplementadas com grão de soja tostado
Authors: Mourthe M.H.F. , Reis R.B. , Lopes F.C.F. , Gama M.A.S. , Souza R.C.
Published: November 2012

Avaliaram-se o consumo, metabólitos sanguíneos e a produção e composição do leite de 16 vacas Holandês x Gir, manejadas em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, suplementadas com 6kg/vaca/dia (base matéria natural) de concentrado contendo 0; 1,3; 2,6 e 3,9kg/vaca/dia de grão de soja tostado (GST). Foi utilizado o delineamento com quatro quadrados latinos (QL) 4 x 4, sendo cada fase do QL constituída de 10 dias de período de adaptação à dieta e de cinco para coleta de amostras. A suplementação da dieta com GST resultou em redução linear (P<0,05) nos consumos de matéria seca e de fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro do pasto e total. A concentração de glicose não foi afetada (P>0,05), porém a de ácidos graxos não esterificados aumentou com a inclusão do GST na dieta (P<0,05). Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da adição do GST sobre a produção e composição do leite, exceto para o teor (P=0,10) e produção (P=0,08) de gordura no leite.
Dinâmica da fermentação ruminal de coprodutos do babaçu por meio da técnica in vitro semiautomática de produção de gases
Authors: Farias L.N. , Vasconcelos V.R. , Carvalho F.F.R. , Sarmento J.L.R.
Published: November 2012

Avaliou-se a cinética de fermentação ruminal da matéria seca (MS) e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) do farelo e da torta de babaçu (Orbignya martiniana), por meio da técnica in vitro semiautomática de produção de gases. As leituras de pressão e volume foram realizadas às três, seis, nove, 12, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 48, 60, 72 e 96 horas. Para a degradação da MS e da FDN, quantificou-se o resíduo após 96h de incubação. As curvas de produção cumulativa de gases foram ajustadas utilizando-se o modelo logístico bicompartimental. Para a MS, houve efeito (P<0,05) do alimento sobre o volume de gases da fração solúvel de rápida degradação (Vf1). O volume de gases da fração insolúvel de lenta degradação (Vf2) foi maior para o farelo de babaçu. O farelo apresentou o maior tempo de colonização, e a torta a menor degradação. Quanto ao Vf1 da fração de FDN, não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os alimentos, e a fração Vf2 foi maior para a torta. A produção cumulativa de gases produzidos até 96h foi alta tanto para o farelo como para a torta, 120 e 140mL, respectivamente. O farelo e a torta de babaçu podem ser utilizados como alimentos alternativos para ruminantes por apresentarem boa qualidade do ponto de vista fermentativo.
Comportamento ingestivo e respostas fisiológicas de cabritos alimentados com dietas contendo torta de girassol oriunda da produção de biodiesel
Authors: Agy M.S.F.A. , Oliveira R.L. , Carvalho G.G.P. , Leão A.G. , Ribeiro O.L. , Bagaldo A.R. , Ribeiro R.D.X. , Ribeiro M.D.
Published: November 2012

Avaliou-se o efeito de dieta com torta de girassol, oriunda da produção de biodiesel, sobre o comportamento ingestivo e a resposta fisiológica de 32 cabritos ½ sangue Boer, não castrados, com peso médio inicial de 15,3±3,2kg e idade média de 135 dias. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos 0; 8; 16 e 24% de inclusão da torta de girassol e oito repetições. O tempo despendido com ruminação, ócio e mastigação total não foi influenciado pela dieta, e observou-se efeito linear crescente sobre o tempo de ingestão em min/período e em min/dia. A eficiência de ingestão e ruminação da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro também não diferiu entre dietas. Quanto às respostas fisiológicas, as frequências respiratória e cardíaca e as temperaturas retal e superficial não sofreram influência da dieta. Concluiu-se que a torta de girassol pode ser incluída até 24% da matéria seca em dietas de cabritos ½ sangue Boer sem comprometer o comportamento ingestivo e os parâmetros fisiológicos desses animais. O fornecimento de dietas com até 24% de matéria seca de torta de girassol não interfere no estresse calórico de cabritos.
Substituição de milho por glicerina bruta em dietas para suínos em terminação
Authors: Gomide A.P.C. , Brustolini P.C. , Ferreira A.S. , Paulino P.V.R. , Lima A.L. , Scottá B.A. , Rodrigues V.V. , Câmara L.R.A. , Moita A.M.S. , Oliveira Júnior G.M. , Ferreira R.C. , Formigoni A.S.
Published: November 2012

Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição do milho por glicerina bruta em dietas para suínos em terminação. Foram utilizados 80 suínos, machos castrados, híbrido comercial, com média de peso de 67kg, em um experimento em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e oito repetições, com dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: 0,0; 4,0; 8,0; 12,0 e 16,0% de glicerina bruta em substituição ao milho nas dietas. A substituição do milho por glicerina bruta não afetou as características de desempenho (P>0,05). Observaram-se efeito linear crescente de tratamento (P<0,05) sobre a espessura de toucinho na carcaça e efeito linear decrescente de tratamento (P<0,05) sobre a perda de líquido no descongelamento e na força de cisalhamento. A glicerina bruta pode substituir em até 16,0% do milho da dieta para suínos em terminação, sem prejuízos do desempenho e rendimento de carcaça, com melhoras na qualidade da carne.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for MUN analysis in normal and adulterated Milk
Authors: Oliveira M.C.P.P. , Silva N.M.A. , Bastos L.P.F. , Fonseca L.M. , Cerqueira M.M.O.P. , Leite M.O. , Conrrado R.S.
Published: November 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the CombiScope FTIR equipment based on Fourier Transform Infrared methodology (FTIR), to assess the content of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) in Brazil. Repeatability and reproducibility of CombiScopeTM FTIR (Delta Instruments), and comparison with an enzymatic automated method (Chemspec® 150; Bentley Instruments) were tested to measure raw milk urea nitrogen (MUN). Additionally, MUN levels stability after storage of raw milk samples at 4ºC, and 20ºC for up to 15 days, and capability and precision to detect extraneous urea added as an adulterant to the milk were evaluated by FTIR equipment. There was a high correlation coefficient for the analysis of MUN by FTIR equipment, when compared with the automated enzymatic method, with no significant difference between both. MUN concentration in raw milk remained stable at temperatures of 4ºC for up to 15 days of storage, but after 3 days of storage at 20ºC there was an increase in the MUN levels. The CombiScope FTIR equipment proved to be a reliable method for analysis of MUN content in raw milk. However, results for MUN were not linear with the amount of extraneous urea added to raw milk, having a significant difference for samples when 40mg/dL of urea was added to milk.
Qualidade da carne de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com diferentes concentrações de ractopamina na dieta
Authors: Watanabe P.H. , Thomaz M.C. , Pascoal L.A.F. , Ruiz U.S. , Daniel E. , Amorim A.B. , Cristani J. , Castro F.F.
Published: November 2012

Analisaram-se as qualidades física, química e sensorial, bem como o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com dietas com concentrações crescentes de ractopamina. Foram utilizadas 468 fêmeas, com peso inicial de 84,77±7,20kg, alojadas em 36 baias e alimentadas com dietas contendo 0, 5, 10 ou 15mg de ractopamina/kg. Após o período de 28 dias, dois animais de cada baia, depois de passarem por 15 horas de jejum sólido, foram abatidos. Uma amostra do músculo Longissimus da meia carcaça direita foi colhida para se avaliar as características de qualidade da carne. Não houve efeito (P>0,05) da adição de ractopamina às dietas sobre o pH, capacidade de retenção de água, força de cisalhamento, cor e oxidação lipídica da carne. Observou-se efeito quadrático (P<0,05) para perdas por cocção da carne, e não foi observada diferença (P>0,05) na análise sensorial da carne. Também não foi observado efeito (P>0,05) sobre a composição em ácidos graxos e sobre a relação entre ácidos graxos saturados:insaturados. A adição de até 15mg de ractopamina/kg de dieta não altera as características físicas, sensoriais e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de fêmeas suínas abatidas com 110kg de peso.
Reflexões sobre a constitucionalidade das cotas raciais em Universidades Públicas no Brasil: referências internacionais e os desafios pós-julgamento das cotas
Authors: Bayma Fátima
Published: November 2012

Este artigo analisa questões relacionadas à constitucionalidade das cotas raciais no Brasil apresentando diversas contribuições e posicionamentos divergentes sobre o assunto. Conceitua ações afirmativas e prestações positivas. Aborda a origem das ações afirmativas nos Estados Unidos e na França e as limitações em aplicar os respectivos modelos à realidade brasileira, apresenta considerações sobre o julgamento da constitucionalidade das cotas pelos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal e os principais desafios a serem enfrentados pelas universidades.
Application of LIDAR to forest inventory for tree count in stands of Eucalyptus sp
Authors: Oliveira Luciano Teixeira de , Carvalho Luis Marcelo Tavares de , Ferreira Maria Zélia , Oliveira Thomaz Chaves de Andrade , Acerbi Junior Fausto Weimar
Published: November 2012

Light Detection and Ranging, or LIDAR, has become an effective ancillary tool to extract forest inventory data and for use in other forest studies. This work was aimed at establishing an effective methodology for using LIDAR for tree count in a stand of Eucalyptus sp. located in southern Bahia state. Information provided includes in-flight gross data processing to final tree count. Intermediate processing steps are of critical importance to the quality of results and include the following stages: organizing point clouds, creating a canopy surface model (CSM) through TIN and IDW interpolation and final automated tree count with a local maximum algorithm with 5 x 5 and 3 x 3 windows. Results were checked against manual tree count using Quickbird images, for verification of accuracy. Tree count using IDW interpolation with a 5x5 window for the count algorithm was found to be accurate to 97.36%. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of the methodology and its use potential for future applications.
Probability density functions for description of diameter distribution in thinned stands of Tectona grandis
Authors: Binoti Daniel Henrique Breda , Binoti Mayra Luiza Marques da Silva , Leite Helio Garcia , Fardin Leonardo , Oliveira Julianne de Castro
Published: November 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fatigue life, Frechet, Gamma, Generalized Gamma, Generalized Logistic, Log-logistic, Nakagami, Beta, Burr, Dagum, Weibull and Hyperbolic distributions in describing diameter distribution in teak stands subjected to thinning at different ages. Data used in this study originated from 238 rectangular permanent plots 490 m² in size, installed in stands of Tectona grandis L. f. in Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The plots were measured at ages 34, 43, 55, 68, 81, 82, 92, 104, 105, 120, 134 and 145 months on average. Thinning was done in two occasions: the first was systematic at age 81months, with a basal area intensity of 36%, while the second was selective at age 104 months on average and removed poorer trees, reducing basal area by 30%. Fittings were assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test. The Log-logistic (3P), Burr (3P), Hyperbolic (3P), Burr (4P), Weibull (3P), Hyperbolic (2P), Fatigue Life (3P) and Nakagami functions provided more satisfactory values for the k-s test than the more commonly used Weibull function.
Avaliação da qualidade do corte florestal com motosserra
Authors: Pereira Daniel Pena , Fiedler Nilton César , Guimarães Pompeu Paes , Môra Rômulo , Bolzan Helio Marcos Ramos , Plaster Octávio Barbosa
Published: November 2012

Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar a qualidade do corte florestal com motosserra, em propriedades rurais no sul do Espírito Santo, considerando aspectos da qualidade e a perda de madeira retida nas cepas. Foram lançadas parcelas de 250 m², onde foram feitas as observações após o corte com motosserra, avaliando-se a qualidade do corte nos seguintes aspectos: presença de espetos; danos por rachadura; cepas com faixa de ruptura fora do padrão; cepas sem o entalhe direcional e a altura da cepa remanescente, com vistas a mensurar a perda de madeira retida nas cepas. De acordo com os resultados, em média, houve presença de espetos em 21,9% das cepas, de rachaduras em 17,2%, de cepas fora do padrão em 44,6% e de cepas sem entalhe direcional em 34,5% das avaliações. Para verificar a influência da realização do entalhe direcional na altura das cepas, o teste-t, a 5% de probabilidade demonstrou que há contribuição para ocorrer maior altura de cepas, nos casos em que o corte foi feito sem o entalhe direcional. A quantidade de madeira retida nas cepas, acima do máximo recomendado, foi, em média, de 2,43 m³/ha, representando um prejuízo de R$ 172,53/ha. Foi verificada que a perda de madeira remanescente nas cepas de eucalipto foi maior nos locais onde, para a derrubada das árvores, não houve a realização do entalhe direcional. Os itens avaliados demonstraram qualidade irregular, indicando a necessidade de melhoria no corte com motosserras.
Análise da variação temporal da estrutura de uma floresta altimontana com histórico de fogo
Authors: Carvalho Lidiany Camila da Silva , Berg Eduardo van den , Fernandes Fernando Bonillo
Published: November 2012

Neste estudo, objetivou-se a avaliação da dinâmica estrutural de uma comunidade arbórea, com históricos de incêndios, em uma floresta estacional semidecidual altimontana, entre os anos de 2002 e 2008, na Serra da Mantiqueira. Foram calculadas taxas de dinâmica em função do número de indivíduos sobreviventes, recrutas e mortos e, taxas de dinâmica relativas ao ganho e perda de área basal. Foi verificado se existem diferenças espaciais entre as taxas ao longo de gradiente vegetacional paralelo à elevação do terreno e se há correlações entre as taxas de dinâmicas com as variáveis bióticas (número inicial de indivíduos, área basal inicial) e abiótica (cota altimétrica). Foram encontradas taxas de recrutamento superiores às taxas de mortalidade, havendo também maiores taxas de ganho em relação à perda em área basal. Esse resultado indica que a floresta se encontra em expansão, com ganho em números de indivíduos e em área basal. Quando a comunidade foi analisada em setores (base, meio e topo da encosta), verificou-se que não houve diferenças entre as taxas de dinâmicas para os setores. De maneira geral, obtiveram-se poucas correlações significativas entre as variáveis bióticas e abióticas e as taxas de dinâmicas. O ganho em número de indivíduos e área basal, a não diferenciação das taxas de dinâmica entre os setores e as baixas correlações entre as variáveis com dinâmica da estrutura da floresta são evidências que eventos históricos, como incêndio ocorrido na década de 90, podem estar afetando diretamente as taxas de dinâmica da floresta como um todo.
Influence of belt speed, grit sizes and pressure on the sanding of Eucalyptus grandis wood
Authors: Varasquim Francisco Mateus Faria de Almeida , Alves Manoel Cléber de Sampaio , Gonçalves Marcos Tadeu Tiburcio , Santiago Luis Fernando Frezzatti , Souza Alexandre Jorge Duarte de
Published: November 2012

The sanding process is important to the quality of wood products. Sanding reduces imperfections in wood surfaces and it is important to the final product and application of paints or varnishes. There are few studies about sanding in the literature and finding out the relationship between the input parameters (i.e., species of wood, grit size, abrasive) on the output parameters (i.e., roughness, force, pressure) will help to improve this process. This study analyzed the influence of input parameters as belt speed (cutting speed), grit size and pressure on the output parameters as surface roughness, cutting force (sanding force) and power consumption on cross-grain sanding of Eucalyptus grandis wood. The tests were performed with 3 types of grit sizes (80, 100 and 120 grit), 3 belt speeds (10, 11 and 12 m/s) and 2 pressures (219.89 and 283.44 g/cm²). The surface roughness was analyzed based on roughness average (Ra). Sanding efforts were analyzed by cutting force and power consumption. It was found that the 100 grit size provided the lowest cutting force. It was observed that the belt speed, pressure and grit size influenced the surface roughness, cutting force and power consumption. The best surface finishes were obtained in tests with higher pressure.
Polinização controlada em Araucaria angustifolia
Authors: Anselmini Justina Inês , Zanette Flávio
Published: November 2012

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se determinar uma metodologia para polinização controlada em Araucaria angustifolia, visando ao melhoramento genético da espécie e o aumento da produção de pinhões, por meio do manejo com polinizações suplementares. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de polinização controlada por meio de vários experimentos realizados entre 2003 e 2005. Foram avaliados os efeitos da polinização controlada, da quantidade de pólen aplicada por ginostróbilo, a época de polinização e o estádio de desenvolvimento do ginostróbilo durante a polinização sobre o número de pinhões produzidos por pinha. Uma única polinização controlada resulta em baixa produção de pinhões cheios e a polinização em estádios mais avançados de desenvolvimento do ginostróbilo resulta em valores elevados de pinhões cheios por pinha. A polinização controlada em A. angustifolia é efetiva para a produção de pinhões e a sua aplicação em cruzamentos dirigidos permitirá que cruzamentos, hoje impossíveis na natureza pela grande distância entre os pais, possam ocorrer. A polinização controlada realizada duas vezes nos ginostróbilos com mais de 30 mm de diâmetro aumenta a produção de pinhões por pinha.