bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3773: Identification of ALDH1A3 as a driver of resistance to both low-dose metronomic and conventional cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in prostate cancer
Authors: Hoang Van C. , Chow Annabelle , Wong Amy , Sivanathan Lavarnan , Emmenegger Urban
Published: May 2015

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in North American males. Conventional, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide (CPA) has been used in the past for PCa treatment, but has been replaced by docetaxel. However, renewed interest in CPA is emerging given its frequent use in low-dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy regimens known for their antiangiogenic properties. While therapeutic resistance limits the clinical utility of both LDM and MTD CPA, such resistance appears to occur through at least partially distinct mechanisms.

To investigate the molecular changes contributing to resistance formation, we have generated LDM and MTD CPA resistant PC-3 human prostate cancer cell variants (LCR and MCR, respectively), and corresponding control variants (NS), through in vivo passaging in mice. Using next-generation sequencing and gene expression analysis, we observed 453 differentially regulated genes in LCR vs NS, and 1141 genes in MCR vs NS. An intersecting set of 158 genes found to be differentially expressed in both resistant tumor cell lines was further characterized. The genes most up-regulated (including ALDH1A3, MAGEA2 and ELOVL2) and down-regulated (comprising FN1, IL8 and IGFBP3) were chosen for validation by qRT-PCR studies. We also undertook pathway analysis using the DAVID database and the Reactome FI Cytoscape Plugin.

Collectively, our studies revealed that glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and activated drug metabolism may contribute to resistance to both LDM and MTD CPA. In addition, numerous chemokine signaling pathway-related genes were found to be downregulated. Current studies are focusing on the role of ALDH1A3 in LDM and MTD CPA resistance. ALDH1A3 is amongst the most differentially regulated genes found in our analysis, and it has been associated with chemotherapy resistance, ‘stemness’ and aggressive tumor behaviour.

Despite different mechanisms of action, there are overlapping mechanisms of resistance to LDM and MTD CPA chemotherapy. If our studies confirm an essential role of ALDH13A in such resistance, this could be rapidly clinically translated by repurposing approved pharmacological ALDH inhibitors as anticancer agents.

Citation Format: Van C. Hoang, Annabelle Chow, Amy Wong, Lavarnan Sivanathan, Urban Emmenegger. Identification of ALDH1A3 as a driver of resistance to both low-dose metronomic and conventional cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3773. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3773
Abstract 3777: Combining VELIPARIB (ABT-888) with temozolomide shows strong synergy when treating temozolomide-resistant and recurrent GBM cell lines
Authors: McDonald Kerrie , Nozue-Okada Kyoko , Khasraw Mustafa
Published: May 2015

Introduction: The survival trends for glioblastoma (GBM) patients have remained largely static, reflecting lack of improvement in the therapeutic options for patients. Less than 5% of newly diagnosed GBM survive more than 5 years. Standard treatment for GBM comprises of radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy (chemoradiotherapy). Methylation of the promoter region of MGMT has been shown to be predictive of response to chemoradiotherapy. Approximately 30% of GBM are MGMT methylated. ABT-888 (Veliparib; Abbvie) is a Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that has been shown to enhance response of GBM to chemoradiotherapy in MGMT methylated patients. However, despite response (and lack of response in the case of MGMT unmethylated patients), recurrent GBM is refractory to treatment, occurring 2-3cm from the original resection and patient die within few months after recurrence. Herein we demonstrate the use of ABT-888 might be effective in patients who have recurrent GBM.

Methods: We tested ABT-888 alone and in combination with TMZ on low passage patient derived cell lines cultured from patients with recurrent GBM. We have used low passage patient derived cells including BAH and HW that are MGMT methylated. We also used U87, U251 and LN229 that are immortalized cells that are MGMT methylated. Of these lines, only U251 harbors a mutation in the binding domain of TP53. We also tested MGMT methylated low passage patient derived cell lines where TMZ resistance was selected for through continuous TMZ treatment of the cell line.

Results: Consistent with previous studies, monotherapy with ABT-888 was largely ineffective on all of the cell lines. We combined a low dose of ABT-888 (5μM) with a range of TMZ concentrations. Combination treatment was highly efficacious with sensitivity to TMZ improved by 30-70% when tested in 5 recurrent cell lines. All cell lines were MGMT unmethylated. We continuously treated 3 cell lines (2 MGMT methylated and 1 MGMT unmethylated) with TMZ until resistance was achieved. We found a response to the ABT-888/ TMZ combination was dramatic. Cells were 75% more sensitive to ABT-888/TMZ compared to retreatment with TMZ.

Conclusion: This novel strategy of combining ABT-888 with TMZ demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity for the treatment of relapsed and/or “chemo-resistant” GBM cell lines. Further investigation of this synergy has potential for rapid translation into clinical studies.

Citation Format: Kerrie McDonald, Kyoko Nozue-Okada, Mustafa Khasraw. Combining VELIPARIB (ABT-888) with temozolomide shows strong synergy when treating temozolomide-resistant and recurrent GBM cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3777. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3777
Associations between Bone Mineral Characteristics and Serum Levels of Ghrelin and Peptide YY in Overweight Adolescent Boys
Authors: Remmel Liina , Tillmann Vallo , Mäestu Jarek , Purge Priit , Saar Meeli , Lätt Evelin , Maasalu Katre , Jürimäe Toivo , Jürimäe Jaak
Published: May 2015

Background/Aims: The role of ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) in bone mineralization is not fully known. The aim of this study was to determine whether acylated and des-acyl ghrelin and PYY in addition to leptin are related to bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescent overweight boys (OWB) and normal-weight boys (NWB). Participants and Methods: Fifty- five OWB (BMI >85th percentile) and 154 NWB (BMI <85th percentile) aged 12-16 years participated in this study. Fasting serum acylated and des-acyl ghrelin, PYY, leptin, testosterone levels, total body (TB) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral content (BMC), and BMD were measured. TB BMC for height and TB and LS bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) were calculated. Results: No differences were seen in acylated and des-acyl ghrelin or PYY levels, while the leptin levels were significantly higher in the OWB compared to the NWB. In the OWB, TB BMAD was positively correlated with acylated ghrelin and leptin, and TB BMC for height was positively correlated with PYY. In the OWB, the variability of TB BMD was determined by TB fat-free mass and des-acyl ghrelin, whereas the variability of TB BMAD was determined by leptin. Conclusions: Des-acyl ghrelin and PYY are involved in the bone mineralization process in puberty, and the impact can vary between normal and overweight subjects.
Intervenção psicanalítica conjunta pais-filhos: fundamentos teórico/clínicos
Authors: Quagliatto Helga S. Machado , Cunha Marines De Fátima , Chaves Ludmilla De Sousa
Published: May 2015

A psicanálise de crianças, ao longo de sua história, deparou-se com entraves clínicos que possibilitaram o criar/recriar intervenções analíticas. Em consonância com essas transformações, o presente trabalho pretende apresentar as reflexões de um grupo de estudos/pesquisas, a respeito de uma modalidade clínica com crianças, que prima pela investigação do lugar/relação dos pais no setting - a Intervenção Psicanalítica Conjunta Pais-Filhos. Fundamentados pelo pensamento teórico/clínico de Winnicott, estruturou-se três aspectos de observação da dinâmica familiar: O Infantil; A Comunicação; O Brincar. Estes favorecem a percepção de elementos no manejo clínico, promovendo o desvelar de sentidos para a integração das experiências emocionais de cada integrante do grupo familiar.
Existe um lugar para os pais reais: some thoughts about the place of parents and reality in the kleinian's psychoanalysis
Authors: Souza Audrey Setton Lopes de
Published: May 2015

Muitas críticas são feitas à teoria kleiniana. Ela tem sido criticada por conferir espaço privilegiado ao mundo interno, negligenciando o papel que o mundo externo - os pais reais - teria sobre o desenvolvimento da criança. O que pretendo explorar neste trabalho é como, especialmente a partir do conceito de identificação projetiva, a pessoa real dos pais e do analista passa a ser primordial na teoria e na técnica de orientação kleiniana.
Ainda interpretamos crianças à maneira de Melanie Klein?
Authors: Gomes Nívea De Fátima , França Cassandra Pereira
Published: May 2015

Este artigo pretende tratar dos principais aspectos do método clínico e interpretativo de Melanie Klein, das críticas mais contundentes que recebeu e, pela pertinência delas, do relativo distanciamento ocorrido entre a rígida postura de Klein e aquela dos kleinianos da atualidade. Após um fecundo exercício de reflexão sobre o furor interpretativo kleiniano, foi possível reconhecer que o brincar, por si só, tem, muitas vezes, o poder de permitir a elaboração de determinadas tramas. Assim, a interpretação saiu do foco central de toda e qualquer sessão e passou a ser utilizada apenas nos casos em que seus recursos técnicos são indispensáveis.
O caso da "pequena sereia": uma reflexão sobre diagnóstico diferencial e final de análise com crianças
Authors: Duarte Rinalda De Oliveira
Published: May 2015

O artigo propõe uma reflexão clínica sobre o diagnóstico estrutural de psicose e as dificuldades em se considerar tal diagnóstico na ausência de delírios e alucinações. A constatação foi embasada na noção de estruturas psíquicas, baseadas na teoria psicanalítica de Lacan. Discutem-se, com passagens do atendimento clínico, a consequência desorganizadora de uma intervenção que consistiu em uma hipótese diagnóstica de neurose e os efeitos da mudança no manejo, produzidos ao se reformular a hipótese diagnóstica, encaminhando o caso para o final de análise.
Reflexões sobre a clínica do autismo
Authors: Wajntal Mira
Published: May 2015

A clínica psicanalítica com crianças autistas vem produzindo resultados que proporcionam avanços metapsicológicos principalmente em relação à compreensão dos destinos da pulsão e a instauração do circuito pulsional. O que não necessariamente produz um saber correspondente sobre suas causas etiológicas. O trabalho clínico realizado no eixo da alienação/separação resulta em uma significativa melhora da criança, mas nem sempre é suficiente para explicar a causa do autismo. A partir do conceito de causalidade psíquica e da comparação de dois casos clínicos, discutiremos se a manifestação e o sintoma estão sob a lógica da causa/consequência ou por serem motivadas por tramas de leis distintas - o inconsciente - distinguem-se desta lógica.
A transferência: dos primórdios da psicanálise aos estudos sobre histeria
Authors: Rabêlo Fabiano Chagas , Dias Reginaldo Rodrigues
Published: May 2015

Propomos discutir o percurso que Freud trilhou até isolar e nomear o fenômeno da transferência. Defendemos que uma importante condição para o surgimento da Psicanálise está na problematização da implicação ética por parte de quem conduz o tratamento suscitado pelo encontro com as manifestações da transferência na clínica da histeria. Nosso recorte compreende o período que vai do tratamento de Anna O., em 1880, até 1895. Nesse ínterim, acompanhamos o ordenamento progressivo das questões concernentes à técnica analítica em torno do problema da transferência e questionamos os diversos usos do termo transferência até a sua conceituação.
Resenha de A Imaginação Crítica, Hume no século das Luzes, de Pedro Paulo Pimenta
Authors: Limongi Maria Isabel
Published: May 2015

Resenha de A Imaginação Crítica, Hume no século das Luzes, de Pedro Paulo Pimenta (Rio de Janeiro: Azougue/ Pensamento Brasileiro, 2013)
Preparation, characterisation, hardness and antibacterial properties of Zn–Ni–TiO2 nanocomposites coatings
Authors: Momeni M. M. , Hashemizadeh S. , Mirhosseini M. , Kazempour A. , Hosseinizadeh S. A.
Published: May 2015

Zn–Ni–TiO2 nanocomposites with various amounts of TiO2 were successfully prepared by electroplating method on copper substrates using an acidic solution with TiO2 nanoparticles in suspension. The composition and morphology of the composite coatings were characterised respectively using of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer and elemental mapping analysis system. The microhardness of the nanocomposite coatings was investigated. The antibacterial activity of Zn–Ni–TiO2 nanocomposites films was studied against Gram positive ( Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative ( Escherichia coli) bacteria. Antimicrobial property increased upon the increase in the TiO2 concentration. In addition, the antimicrobial property was more pronounced with the positive bacteria than the negative one. These results demonstrated the microbiocidal property of TiO2, so Zn–Ni–TiO2 coatings have great potential applications in reducing biofouling formation in devices that suffer from biofouling problems.
A comparison of coherency measurement using semblance and multiple signal classification, from a seismic-while-drilling perspective
Authors: Sun Baichun , Bóna Andrej , King Andrew , Zhou Binzhong
Published: May 2015

A diamond drill bit is usually considered to be an inadequate seismic vibration source. To detect and use weak drill-bit-generated seismic wavefields in hard-rock drilling, we compared different coherency measures between a conventional method of semblance and a generalized multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. We tested the detectability and resolution differences between semblance and MUSIC with synthetic examples. MUSIC coherency has the advantage of higher resolution over semblance measurement when the source wavefronts are accurately predicted. In addition, we applied both methods to detect the coherent moveout of a diamond drill-bit signal from a hard rock seismic-while-drilling experiment at Hillside, South Australia. We used the coherent moveout to estimate the overburden velocity around the borehole. We also performed interferometry migration using the coherency measurements to image the drill-bit position. Our analysis determined that the direct waves generated from a diamond drill bit at shallow depths can be successfully detected, allowing drill-bit imaging and the determination of formation velocity around the borehole.
Black/White Disparities in Receipt of Treatment and Survival Among Men With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Sineshaw Helmneh M. , Freedman Rachel A. , Ward Elizabeth M. , Flanders W. Dana , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: May 2015

Purpose

To examine the extent of black/white disparities in receipt of treatment and survival for early-stage breast cancer in men age 18 to 64 and ≥ 65 years.

Patients and Methods

We identified 725 non-Hispanic black (black) and 5,247 non-Hispanic white (white) men diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer from 2004 to 2011 in the National Cancer Data Base. We used multivariable logistic regression and calculated standardized risk ratios to predict receipt of treatment and a proportional hazards model to estimate overall hazard ratios (HRs) in black versus white men age 18 to 64 and ≥ 65 years, separately.

Results

Receipt of treatment was remarkably similar between blacks and whites in both age groups. Black and white older men had lower receipt of chemotherapy (39.2% and 42.0%, respectively) compared with younger patients (76.7% and 79.3%, respectively). Younger black men had a 76% higher risk of death than younger white men after adjustment for clinical factors only (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.78), but this difference significantly diminished after subsequent adjustment for insurance and income (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.83 to 2.24). In those age ≥ 65 years, the excess risk of death in blacks versus whites was nonsignificant and not affected by adjustment for covariates.

Conclusion

The excess risk of death in black versus white men diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer was largely confined to those age 18 to 64 years and became nonsignificant after adjustment for differences in insurance and income. These findings suggest the importance of improving access to care in reducing racial disparities in male breast cancer mortality.
Developing a Scalable Model to Analyze Expanding Data Sets
Authors: Conant Donald D.
Published: May 2015

Ioffer a workbook to teach the scalable analysis of expanding data sets. When analyzing data sets, function ranges are often statically defined. As a result, when new data are appended to the data set, the appended data are beyond the static ranges. This paper uses a basic time series regression analysis to show how to access data in expanding data sets and analyze data periods that expand and contract.
Extending “Lego® My Simplex”
Authors: Cochran James J.
Published: May 2015

Almost 20 years have passed since Pendegraft described his use of Lego® toys to teach students basic modeling skills and linear programming concepts. Since then, many instructors of operations research (including the author) and their students have benefited from his contribution. In this article, the author describes a series of extensions he has developed since originally implementing Pendegraft’s active learning exercise in the introductory operations courses he teaches. Through these extensions, the author integrates the concepts of sensitivity, integer programming, and LP formulation and extends the modeling experience beyond the original exercise.
Australian Exceptionalism in the Typology of Affinal Avoidance Registers
Authors: Fleming Luke
Published: May 2015

This article systematizes speech registers employed in in-law avoidance into a cross-linguistic typology. Such affinal avoidance registers, consisting of lexical repertoires substituting for “everyday” speech forms tabooed for certain speakers or in certain contexts, are shown to typically diverge from one another in terms of two parameters, their context-sensitivity and the relatively idiolectal or sociolectal character of their register repertoires. Comparative data illustrate that Aboriginal Australian “mother-in-law” speech registers, which are context-sensitive and exclusively sociolectal, are highly exceptional among affinal avoidance registers cross-linguistically. In the final section of the article I seek to understand this exceptionalism in terms of the broader context of Aboriginal Australian ethnolinguistics.
Two Plains Cree Performances of a Pre-Victorian Kunstmärchen
Authors: Wolfart H. C.
Published: May 2015

Old World tales found their way into the indigenous languages of North America mainly through the fur trade. Against the background of written translations by francophone missionaries, this study documents another complementary mode of transmission: the translation of literary texts from English by a speaker of Plains Cree. It is based on two performances recorded in 1982 by kâ–mimikwatowêt /William Greyeyes on the authority of his father’s brother, Louis Ahenakew. The formal structures, both literary and linguistic, of the two texts (derived from a literary fairy tale first published in 1835) show them to be reinvented as instances (if marginal, perhaps) of classical Plains Cree texts.
Restaging the Classroom: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Teaching Early Modern Hispanic Theater
Authors: Martin Vincent , Seagraves Rosie
Published: May 2015

Teaching undergraduate and graduate courses on early modern theater in the United States presents a major obstacle, namely, the great distance that separates instructors and students from the texts and contexts. In the face of such geographic, historical, and cultural distance, instructors must rely on a script that cannot reproduce the essence of the dramatic work at hand. University professors in the United States, in our quest to present early modern Hispanic theater in a way that is meaningful to students, can choose to stress the importance of staging as a fundamental element in teaching the classics. Here, we discuss the pedagogical benefits of a five-week study abroad program in Madrid, Spain, sponsored by the University of Delaware between 2004 and 2010, that focused on a multidisciplinary understanding of Golden Age theater as text, performance, and cultural phenomenon. We approach the evaluation of this program from our perspectives as program director and former participant of the program, respectively.
There’s No Cure for That: Melezina and Mimetic Transference in Fuenteovejuna
Authors: Albrecht Jane W.
Published: May 2015

At the wedding celebration for Laurencia and Frondoso in Fuenteovejuna , Barrildo and Mengo have a brief exchange (vv. 1491-500) in which the word melezina (enema) appears in three guises: it is a cure (“aunque es cosa saludable”), a prank (“haríalo por reír”) and a form of rough treatment (“llena de tinta y de chinas”). Analysis of the origin and usage of melezina and its sociolinguistic features points to the proposition that it resonated as an archaic and Jewish word which, in turn, suggests that Fuenteovejuna might enact mimetic transference between Jew and peasant, a position I stake out based on existing scholarship on Spain’s “Jewish problem” in relation to the comedia . Taking her cues from Américo Castro’s and others’ provocative comments on the relationship between limpieza de sangre and honor, Melveena McKendrick postulates that a process of mimetic transference was underway that involved caballeros ’ honor, women’s purity, and society’s obsession with limpieza de sangre . She characterizes it as a type of psychopathology, according to which one disease masks another; playwrights who could not write about blood purity addressed sexual pureness and male honor instead. More recently, Andrew Herskovits explores the transpositions of honor and limpieza de sangre , and Jew and woman, and the possibility that a positive image of the Jew emerges when plays draw parallels between a converso , on the one hand, and a female victim of the honor code on the other. Empathy explains them both. That is, what concern one elicits, the spectator or reader reassigns to the other (117-25). The notion of transference involving peasant and Jew may be operative in Fuenteovejuna . But in this instance, humor, not empathy, is behind the parallel. An analysis of melezina opens up the concept of mimetic transference to admit the figure of the peasant and the role of humor.
Taking Matters into Their Own Hands: Heroic Women of the Early Reconquest in the Spanish Comedia
Authors: Stroud Matthew D.
Published: May 2015

Against the backdrop of the uncertain and troubling history of Christian Spain at the turn of the ninth century, three comedias highlight the heroic deeds of the women of Asturias and León. In Lope de Vega’s Las doncellas de Simancas , women who are to be sent as tribute to the Emir of Córdoba sever their own hands, threaten suicide, and ultimately lead the resistance against the barbaric exchange. In Las famosas asturianas , also by Lope, Sancha, selected, as well, for delivery to the Moors, shames her countrymen by appearing undressed before them but not in the presence of the Moors. Spurred by such an insult, the men fight for the freedom of their daughters. Finally, in Álvaro Cubillo de Aragón’s Hechos de Bernardo Carpio, segunda parte de El Conde de Saldaña , Bernardo del Carpio’s wife, Sol, leads the women of Asturias and León to battle against the French at Roncesvalles; the future of Spain belongs to them as much as it does to the men. These heroic women demonstrate the popularity of the mujer varonil , the radical shift in the perception of women in the sixteenth century, and the notion that the real strength of Spain lies in its people, including its women, rather than in its hereditary monarchy.
Metatheatre and the Importance of Estrella in Calderón’s La vida es sueño and Its Contemporary Productions
Authors: Lech Kasia
Published: May 2015

This essay looks at one of the most neglected characters of the Spanish drama: Estrella in Calderón’s La vida es sueño . It argues that Estrella, as a metaphor of a humble actor and active spectator, is central to the play’s metatheatrical structure and to the reading of La vida es sueño as a type of theatrical manifesto. The importance of Estrella is explored in three different versions of the play created in three different linguistic and cultural contexts: a Spanish source, the 2006 Polish staging directed by Waldemar Zawodzinaski (based on Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz’s translation), and the 2008 Irish production directed by Tom Creed (based on Jo Clifford’s translation). By combining textual commentary with analysis of verse structure of the play in all three versions, the essay explores the unique potential that Estrella brings to contemporary theatre. Moreover, the discussion seeks to offer a fresh look at the metatheatrical strategies in the play and shows a renewed importance of verse for understanding and performing La vida es sueño and comedias in general.
El castigo sin probanza: Papel y perspectiva de Aurora en El castigo sin venganza de Lope de Vega
Authors: Atkins E. Stewart
Published: May 2015

La crítica en general afirma que en la obra maestra tardía de Lope de Vega, El castigo sin venganza , la figura de Aurora es testigo presencial de la relación física e incestuosa entre Federico y Casandra. También se acepta el hecho de que el testimonio que Aurora da al Marqués de Gonzaga a principios de Acto 3 sea verídico y fehaciente, y que sirva de prueba de la relación sexual e incestuosa entre la pareja. El presente estudio pretende poner en tela de juicio el testimonio y carácter de ella e investigar por qué sería significativo que sea ella quien encuentra en tal situación a la pareja. Si bien se la considera un personaje menor, una simple descubridora de la verdad horrible, y si bien ella queda en los márgenes del análisis de la obra, este artículo propone demostrar que Aurora tiene un papel clave en la trama y que influye en el desenlace trágico. Se argumenta que Aurora no es un testigo fidedigno y, es más, que no es probable que haya visto exactamente lo que dice que ha observado. Al analizar los acontecimientos desde la perspectiva de ella y mediante una discusión del papel de los espejos y la idea del engaño de los ojos, el ensayo muestra que, dada la idea barroca de la ambigüedad anfibológica, no es sorprendente que Aurora se equivoque, ni se puede descartar la posibilidad de que mienta intencionalmente. Se concluye con una discusión de la relación entre Aurora, las tachaduras al final de la pieza y las aparentes dudas de Lope mismo en cuanto a cómo acabar la obra. Lejos de ser un simple títere en la obra, en realidad Aurora es un personaje complejo e independiente que cuenta con sus propios deseos y motivación.
Juegos, versos y festines de damas en Calderón
Authors: Lorenzo Alejandra Ulla
Published: May 2015

En el contexto de las Cortes europeas del siglo XVI y principios del XVII, era habitual la organización y participación por parte de las damas nobles en espectáculos teatrales. El presente artículo pretende explorar el alcance y duración de dicho fenómeno a lo largo de todo el siglo XVII en España y, por ende, durante los reinados de Felipe IV y Carlos II, prestando especial atención a aquellas reinas, infantas o damas cortesanas más inclinadas a dichas diversiones. La significación y éxito de dicha práctica escénica, junto a otros entretenimientos de damas, queda patente, además de en diversas fuentes históricas del siglo XVII, en los textos literarios de la época y, más concretamente, en las comedias cortesanas de Calderón, cuyo específico público favorecía, sin duda, la alusión y, muchas veces, el desarrollo de este tipo de pasatiempos, entre los que resultan significativos la representación de comedias, como parte del argumento de la obra teatral.
Juan de Grajales’s El bastardo de Ceuta : A Wife-Murder Comedia Gone Wrong?
Authors: Campbell Gwyn E.
Published: May 2015

By virtue of its serious tone throughout and its central focus on conjugal honour, Juan de Grajales’s (c. 1570?-c.1633) little-known El bastardo de Ceuta extends the trajectory of the early modern Spanish wife-murder plays. This is particularly significant, given that the punishment for the wife suspected of adultery can be plotted along axes that allow for a dénouement other than a violent and calculated murder, for a tragic end is the sensational norm. From this perspective, then, the comedia by Grajales, a playwright and professional actor, stands as one of the earliest among the group. Moreover, El bastardo is unique in the portrayal of not one but two female characters—both the sacrosanct figure of the mother and both guilty of adultery—whose lives are ultimately spared in the justice administered. In this play, what separates the violence of the passions from measured reason is traced through the comedia’ s leitmotif of memory, evidenced through the images of paintings, portraits, and symbolic mirrors that abound, in addition to other key references. Likewise, the play serves to underscore the Thomistic doctrine of memory, cognitive understanding, and appetitive will as the excellence upon which prudence, the highest virtue, is founded, and which leads to truth and morally appropriate actions based on universal good and mitigating particular situations.
Hemingway, the Figure of the Bicycle, and Avant-garde Paris
Authors: Boelhower William
Published: May 2015

Hemingway’s literary interest in cycling has been upstaged by other interests such as bullfighting and boxing. But in his apprenticeship years in Paris, he became a devoted fan of bicycle racing, went on cycling tours, and experimented with this figure of the cyclist in his fiction. More importantly, in those years avant-garde artists and intellectuals often focused on the bicycle in order to address issues of motion, energy, and speed. Hemingway’s interest in creating a prose style of motion and the total image suggests that he engaged closely with this avant-garde experimentation. It is in this unique context that our author often turned to the bicycle (as both topic and figure) as a means to capture the so-called fourth dimension in prose.
Excuse the Preface: Hemingway’s Introductions for Other Writers
Authors: Tangedal Ross K.
Published: May 2015

Over the course of his career, Ernest Hemingway wrote introductions for a number of writers. These pieces have been largely forgotten, but study and analysis of Hemingway’s introductions offer additional insight into the well-known author. The process of creating and marketing these pieces allowed Hemingway to manipulate and refine his public persona in a space other than his fiction. These introductions enhanced Hemingway’s authority, granted him greater public exposure, and allowed him to enact his defense of writers and writing on several occasions.
Self-Parody and Satirized Lovers in The Torrents of Spring
Authors: Ledden Dennis B.
Published: May 2015

For his construction of the humorous romantic liaisons in The Torrents of Spring , Hemingway relied more heavily on his relationships with Hadley and Pauline than critics have thus far recognized. Moreover, the young author also drew on his memories of his World War I affair with Agnes von Kurowsky for Scripps’s relationship with Lucy and Yogi’s encounters with the Parisian lady. By spoofing the male characters and their lovers, Hemingway demonstrates his sense of humor and his capacity for self-parody, qualities of his that have been often overlooked by many commentators.
What He Says about “the Cat”: Enrique Vila-Matas on Hemingway’s “Cat in the Rain”
Authors: West Kevin R.
Published: May 2015

In his metafictional novel Never Any End to Paris , Enrique Vila-Matas invites an audience to help him understand Hemingway’s story “Cat in the Rain” so as to write his own story, “What They Said about the Cat.” The audience’s responses recapitulate the story’s critical history, which Vila-Matas augments by observing that the dialogue of the husband and wife in the story mirrors dialogue between Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald in A Moveable Feast . Although the conversation with Fitzgerald cannot explain “Cat in the Rain,” as Vila-Matas imagines, the story may explain Hemingway’s later characterization of Fitzgerald.
Hemingway as Social and Political Writer
Authors: Hays Peter L.
Published: May 2015

Critics and biographers mistakenly label Hemingway as a writer uninterested in politics. His early reporting covering European politics, as well as his essays in The New Masses , the anti-war sentiment described in A Farewell to Arms , and the political intrigues discussed in For Whom the Bell Tolls demonstrate his career-long interest in politics. But even earlier, in the stories and interchapters of In Our Time , Hemingway makes political observations and offers commentary on the economic situations that give rise to political action.
The Monster of Cojímar: A Meditation on Hemingway, Sharks, and War
Authors: Beegel Susan F.
Published: May 2015

The essay concerns a tremendous white shark called the Monster of Cojímar, captured in spring 1945, when a traumatized Hemingway returned to Cuba from World War II. In a letter about the Monster, he draws disturbing parallels between sharks and men, suggesting that Cojímar’s wartime shark industry and the horrifying role played by sharks in the war at sea made a profound impression on him. His postwar experiments with writing about sharks, killing, and sin suggest that his late masterwork, The Old Man and the Sea , may be a story about the war in which “the war is never mentioned” ( SL 798).
L’union cartésienne à la lumière du problème du “défaut de connaissance”
Authors: Roux Sandrine
Published: May 2015

Descartes’s mind-body union is usually examined in light of the metaphysical problems that arise from his radical distinction between thinking substance and extended substance; the common question is whether or not it really helps to conceive of the way the immaterial mind acts upon the body and vice versa. The aim of this paper is to provide a positive answer regarding the mind>body relation, by means of an analysis whose starting point is Malebranche’s so-called “knowledge argument.” (How could we move our limbs as long as we do not know what must be done in order to do so?) I show that if there is no “knowledge problem” for Descartes, it is because of mind-body union, which enables the mind to act upon the body in such a way that it does not have to satisfy Malebranche’s conditions for mental causation, nor those that give rise to the traditional problem of interaction between substances as distinct in nature as mind and body. My demonstration rests on a new use of the pilot-and-ship model, one that undermines the view that there is no experience of mind-body union.
John Locke and the Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Anstey Peter R.
Published: May 2015

This paper argues that, while Locke’s unstable usage of the term ‘mind’ prevents us from claiming that he had a theory of mind, it can still be said that he made a contribution to the philosophy of mind in its contemporary sense. After establishing that it was the term ‘soul’ that predominated in early modern British philosophy, the paper turns to Locke’s three central notions of the soul, the understanding, and the person. It is argued that there are two stages to the development of Locke’s view of the soul: a first philosophical stage and a later theological stage. The first stage is characterized by the application of the material/immaterial distinction. The second stage rejects the utility of this distinction. The two stages are not, however, incompatible, for the bridge between them is found in Locke’s conceptions of the understanding and personhood. While the latter theological stage was, in the end, of the greatest concern to Locke, it is in the earlier philosophical stage that we find his real contribution to what we now call the philosophy of mind.
Objectivity and Perfection in Hume’s Hedonism
Authors: Dorsey Dale
Published: May 2015

In this paper, I investigate David Hume’s theory of well-being or prudential value. That Hume was some sort of hedonist is typically taken for granted in discussions of his value theory, but I argue that Hume was a hedonist of pathbreaking sophistication. His hedonism intriguingly blends traditional hedonism with a form of perfectionism yielding a version of qualitative hedonism that not only solves puzzles surrounding Hume’s moral theory, but is interesting and important in its own right.
Liberty and Compulsory Civil Religion in Rousseau’s Social Contract
Authors: Griswold Charles L.
Published: May 2015

This essay examines Rousseau’s mandatory civil religion as it is set out in the Social Contract , with recent relevant philosophical work as a primary frame of reference. Section 1 discusses what exactly Rousseau is proposing. Section 2 reviews why he thinks this “civil profession of faith” is necessary, and considers the underlying anthropology and moral psychology. Section 3 explores whether Rousseau’s social contract theory coheres with the civil religion. That is a question of the internal consistency of the Social Contract , and I attempt to put forth a fresh perspective on that problem.
Kant on Freedom of Empirical Thought
Authors: Kohl Markus
Published: May 2015

It is standardly assumed that, in Kant, “free agency” is identical to moral agency and requires the will or practical reason. Likewise, it is often held that the concept of “spontaneity” that Kant uses in his theoretical philosophy is very different from, and much thinner than, his idea of practical spontaneity. In this paper I argue for the contrary view: Kant has a rich theory of doxastic free agency, and the spontaneity in empirical thought (which culminates in judgments of experience) is essentially the same sort of spontaneity found in the practical use of reason. Accordingly, the faculties of understanding and practical reason both possess genuine autonomy.
Leviathan Contra Leviathan
Authors: Vieira Mónica Brito
Published: May 2015

This article offers a comparative discussion of the two versions of Hobbes’s masterpiece—the 1651 English Leviathan and the 1668 Latin Leviathan, with a view to examining the significance of some of the main continuities and differences between the two works.
Reconsidering Literary Autonomy: From an Individual towards a Relational Paradigm
Authors: Van Rooden Aukje
Published: May 2015

The idea of autonomy has been constitutive of the development of modern literature. The central question occupying debates on literature’s social role is whether autonomy is inalienable. The debate between “autonomists” and “anti-autonomists” is however based on a distorted historical picture. It will be argued that the notion of “autonomy” emerged within an eighteenth-century “individual” paradigm that has according to the general history of ideas transformed into a “relational” paradigm. In the literary theory this shift has however not been conceptualized. The result is a theoretical impasse after the end of Romanticism in which autonomists and anti-autonomists are opposed.
On the Clarendon Edition of Hobbes’s Leviathan : A Response
Authors: Malcolm Noel
Published: May 2015

This article responds to the previous articles in this issue on the new Clarendon Edition of Hobbes’s Leviathan. It focuses in particular on points raised by Kinch Hoekstra, concerning such matters as Hobbes’s theory about the nullity of grants of essential sovereign powers, the intended readership of the text, the nature of Hobbes’s political re-positioning in the “Review, and Conclusion” at the end of the book, and the iconography of the famous engraved title page.
Evil in History: Karl Löwith and Jacob Taubes on Modern Eschatology
Authors: Styfhals Willem
Published: May 2015

Around the end of the 1940s, a number of German philosophers debated the connection between modernity and eschatology. In the Judeo-Christian tradition, eschatology is the theological doctrine concerned with the end of history and the salvation of human existence. This paper explains how the reference to the pre-modern phenomenon of eschatology can teach us something about the nature of secular modernity. In this respect, I elaborate on the works of Karl Löwith and Jacob Taubes. I argue that their eschatological theories of modern thought essentially entail an interpretation of the epochal role of evil in the modern age.
The Clarendon Edition of Hobbes’s Leviathan : Leviathan and its Intellectual Context
Authors: Hoekstra Kinch
Published: May 2015

This article responds to the previous articles in this issue on the new Clarendon Edition of Hobbes’s Leviathan. It focuses in particular on points raised by Kinch Hoekstra, concerning such matters as Hobbes’s theory about the nullity of grants of essential sovereign powers, the intended readership of the text, the nature of Hobbes’s political re-positioning in the “Review, and Conclusion” at the end of the book, and the iconography of the famous engraved title page.
Leviathan and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms
Authors: Mortimer Sarah , Scott David
Published: May 2015

The problems of the Stuart multiple monarchy provide an important context for Hobbes’s Leviathan. His fellow Royalists were divided over whether to use Scottish or Irish assistance in regaining Charles’s throne, and Hobbes’s work can be read as a qualified endorsement of his patrons’ Scottish invasion strategy, to which a caustic assault on clerical power was then added. But Leviathan was more than a factional position paper; it was a Utopian masterpiece designed to secure lasting peace. Leviathan proposed to end the structural differences between the three kingdoms and to curb the power of an overmighty British aristocracy.
Advocating for the Use of Social Network Analysis in Individual Psychology
Authors: Curlette William L. , Hendrick Robert C.
Published: May 2015

In this article, the authors advocate for the use of current social network analysis methodology to contribute to research on the theory and practice of Individual Psychology. This can occur by focusing on the measures of the relationships within the groups themselves or by relating relationships between members of groups to characteristics of individuals in the group. To accomplish this, some of the applicable measures of social networks are centrality, transitivity, clustering, and diameter. Several examples are presented in which social network analysis can be applied in Individual Psychology, including a possible construct validity study for existing measures of dimensions within Gemeinschaftsgefühl .
On Suicide and Drunkenness
Authors: Adler Alexandra , Bluvshtein Marina
Published: May 2015

This article presents a transcript of the lecture “Suicide and Drunkenness” delivered by Alexandra Adler in the British Medical Association Hall, Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh, on June 29, 1937. Despite the seemingly narrow topic suggested by the title, Alexandra Adler engages listeners of her lecture in a much broader discussion of the various facets of Individual Psychology, from the progressive nature of melancholia to the relational purpose of morphine and alcohol use, to sleeplessness as a psychological phenomenon. Using clinical cases, and in a manner characteristic of 1930s-era discussions, the author addresses topics that are common in Individual Psychology: the typical pattern of life in neurosis, mistaken beliefs in alcohol and drug users, purpose of symptoms, and the role of social courage. At the same time, the lecture is punctuated by discussions that 21st-century readers likely consider uniquely contemporary, such as the use of medications to treat emotional maladies, telephone therapy, the ethics of paradoxical suggestions in psychotherapy, and the challenges of treating co-occurring conditions.
Self-Efficacy and Early Recollections in the Context of Adlerian and Wellness Theory
Authors: Pomeroy Heather , Clark Arthur J.
Published: May 2015

Self-efficacy relates to individuals’ beliefs in their ability to respond to challenging situations. Theoretically, self-efficacy is inherent in the Adlerian principles of the lifestyle, social interest, and holism. Self-efficacy is also integral to wellness theory in the broad context of a person’s life. As a projective technique, early recollections provide an incisive means for appraising the qualitative level of self-efficacy.
Correcting Misconceptions About Alfred Adler’s Psychological Theory of Crime in Introductory Criminology Textbooks: Moving Adler’s Theory of Crime Forward
Authors: Barton-Bellessa Shannon M. , Lee Jihee , Shon Phillip
Published: May 2015

Introductory textbooks on criminology and criminal justice devote copious amounts of space and attention to theories of crime from various disciplines. Psychological theories of crime in particular occupy a prominent place in the history of criminological thought. While the works of Freud, Jung, Fromm, and Erikson are given adequate coverage in introductory criminology textbooks, few textbook writers have seriously discussed the works of Alfred Adler, if they discuss him at all. The current article contrasts the information presented about the work of Alfred Adler with his actual writings and ideas. The implications for criminal justice education are discussed.
Lifestyle as a Predictor of Posttraumatic Growth
Authors: Leeman Michael S. , Dispenza Franco , Chang Catherine Y.
Published: May 2015

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a process that develops from a cognitive response to cope with traumatic events and an outcome that sees positive personal changes (Calhoun & Tedeschi, 2006). Coping and certain personality traits have the potential to influence PTG. The purpose of this study is to examine the contributory roles of personality themes and coping resources, and their interaction on PTG in a sample of college students. Hierarchal regression analyses determined that coping resources, social interest, and being cautious (∆ R 2 = .075, β = .352, p < .01) were all significant predictors of PTG after variance explained by age was partialed out.
Islam in Hegel’s Triadic Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Bhatawadekar Sai
Published: May 2015

In this paper I parse Hegel’s evaluation of Islam as a “fanatic” religion in his triadic dialectical structure as he applies it to God and religion: Hegel seeks three aspects for his assessment of Islam, namely (1) how the abstract divine concept—God—is conceived, (2) how finite human particularity functions, and (3) if and how the latter reconciles with the former. Hegel argues that in Islam God is a universal divine absolute, but man has no other function than to be a believer and a fearful servant. There is no sublation between God and man—that is, finite humanity is not truly raised to reconcile with the divine infinity. This is Hegel’s philosophical way to awkwardly address the untimeliness of Islam: in his teleological history, which moves toward progress from ancient East to modern West, Islam is problematic. As it arrives later than Christianity it can potentially qualify for being more evolved than it, thus challenging the very core of Hegel’s philosophy of religion. Finally, I bring two instances of applied Hegelianism: Zizek’s idea of Judaism—Christianity—Islam as a progressive dialectic triad in its own right, and John Oliver’s hilarious explanation on The Daily Show of Islam’s “age” and its current “awkward teenage phase.” Hegel would never agree to such interpretations, which is precisely why these expansions of Hegelian thought expose the weakness of his all-encompassing system.