bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermomagnetic instability and accompanied stress intensity factor jumps in type-II superconducting bulks under various magnetization processes
Authors: Huang Chenguang , Song Zengyu , Wang Shaozhen , Chen Haina , Wang Fusheng
Published: November 2022

For type-II superconducting bulks used as trapped-field magnets, the thermomagnetic instability, manifested as flux jumps and temperature spikes, frequently takes place, resulting in a large amount of energy dissipation in a short time and further the crack problem due to electromagnetic and thermal stresses. In this paper, based on the magnetic and heat diffusion equations and fracture theory, we develop a thermal-magnetic-mechanical coupling model to analyze the flux-jump and fracture behaviors in bulk samples of BiSrCaCuO under various magnetization processes. This model has an important advantage that the simulation domain can be restricted to the sample itself, without having to consider the air region around it, and its reliability is verified by the existing experimental and numerical results. The effects of the sample size, the ambient temperature, and the sweep rate, direction, and uniformity of the external magnetic field on the flux jumps, and Mode I and Mode II stress intensity factors are fully analyzed under different cooling conditions. It is found that as ambient temperature or field inclined angle increases or field sweep rate decreases, the first flux-jump field presents a trend of monotonically increasing for zero-field-cooling magnetization but it has an opposite trend for field-cooling magnetization. The flux jump can lead to the jump of temperature, electromagnetic force, and stress intensity factor. In addition, the sensitivity of flux-jump and fracture behaviors to different parameters and the influence of flux jump on the demagnetization behavior under crossed magnetic fields are discussed. We also find the levitation force jumping phenomenon when the bulk sample is magnetized in a nonuniform magnetic field. From the results obtained, we provide some general guidelines on how the system parameters of superconducting bulk magnets could be chosen to improve the thermal-magnetic-mechanical stability.
Optical and dispersion parameters of Ge-Zn-Se glassy films for VIS and FTIR Applications
Authors: Ibraheem Awad A , Aly K A
Published: November 2022

Different

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G
e
Z
n
)

100
−
x

S

e

x

9
≤
x
≤
25

a
t
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chalcogenide films have been thermally evaporated onto cleaned glass substrates. The film transmission (T) and reflection (R) spectra have been measured over the wavelength spectral range (0.3–2.5 μm). The composition dependence of the optical band gap (E

g
) has been illustrated and interpreted in the light of the Mott and Davies Model (MDM). The linear correlation between the changes in the optical band gap (ΔEg) and in the band tail parameter (

Δ

B

) confirmed the disorder’s decrease, which explains the observed increase in E

g
values with increasing Se concentrations. The dispersion and Sellmeier parameters have been determined and well discussed. A clear blueshift was observed throughout the observed decrease in values of λo and no and the observed shift of the absorption edge to the short wavelengths. The GZS films are transparent in the visible, near- and far-infrared, which makes these glasses suitable for VIS and infrared applications.
Study on the temperature effect on line-scan profile of nanorods under electron irradiation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ma Zhiyao , Li Dengmei
Published: November 2022

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is widely used in imaging rather than for thermometry. In this work, the temperature-dependent line-scan profiles for two systems (one gold (Au) nanorod (Au-NR) and one silicon (Si) nanorod (Si-NR) on Si substrate, respectively) were investigated by a simulation approach. Various electron signals (secondary electron (SE) and backscattering electron (BSE)) were recorded with different values of temperature at various primary electron (PE) energies. It is found that the SE line-scan profile varies with the temperature and the size of the NR. However, the BSE line-scan profile is almost unchanged with temperature for the Au/Si system, but remarkably varied for the Si/Si system. The deposited energies contributed by full electrons, PEs and cascaded electrons as functions of depth and radial direction at different temperatures for these two systems were also investigated. It was concluded that the influences of the temperature of a solid on the scattering processes of PEs and cascaded electrons are different. Possible mechanisms were systematically analyzed based on the theory of electron-solid interaction. Finally, the temperature effect on the size measurement based on a line-scan profile was also investigated through the regression to baseline method. It was found that the broaden value slightly increases with temperature. This work poses a potential possibility of measuring the temperature of nanostructures by acquiring the temperature-dependent line-scan profile by a standard SEM.
Anisotropic inflation in non-minimal kinetic coupling model
Authors: Goodarzi Parviz
Published: November 2022

We study anisotropic inflation in non-minimal derivative coupling model where the scalar field non-minimally coupled to the U(1) gauge
fields and derivative of the scalar field non-minimally coupled to the Einstein tensor.
Within the framework we find power-law anisotropic solutions in this model when both the inflaton potential and the gauge kinetic function are power-law type in the high friction regime.
We show the ratio of anisotropy to the expansion rate is nearly constant, small and proportional to the slow-roll parameters of the theory.
As a demonstration, we consider numerically calculation of the model to show that the behavior of anisotropy by changing the parameters of the model for quadratic inflationary potential.
There is anisotropic attractor solution for a wide range of values of the model parameters.
We show both numerically and analytically that there are two phases of inflation, similar to those an anisotropic inflation in minimal coupling model, isotropic and anisotropic phase.
We can change the number of e-folds corresponding to each phase of slow roll inflation by changing the gauge coupling constant or non-minimal derivative coupling constant.
There are the best agreement with the numerically solutions and analytically solutions in this investigation.
Model-based impurity emission front control using deuterium fueling and nitrogen seeding in TCV
Authors: Koenders J.T.W. , Perek A. , Kool B. , Février O. , Ravensbergen T. , Galperti C. , Duval B.P. , Theiler C. , van Berkel M.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the first result using nitrogen-seeded exhaust feedback control of the NII impurity emission front in TCV. The NII emission front position is consistently located below its commonly used CIII counterpart, indicating the NII emission front is representative of a colder plasma region. We demonstrate control of the NII impurity emission front position for two cases: (a) using nitrogen seeding as the sole actuator, and (b) using deuterium fueling as an actuator while injecting a small amount of nitrogen that remains a trace impurity. For sole nitrogen actuation, peak target current density is significantly reduced when the NII emission front approaches the x-point (≈50% for the NII front at the halfway point). When actuating with deuterium, peak target current density is less affected, which is explained by changes in fueling engendering a different scrape-off-layer plasma density. Perturbative (system identification) experiments show that nitrogen actuation induces a stronger, but slower, response of the NII emission front than deuterium actuation. Moving the NII emission front back to the target after pushing it towards the x-point has proven difficult, where both the NII front position and total radiated power do not reach pre-seeding conditions within the discharge time following termination of nitrogen injection. This result highlights the need to account for impurity retention for such seeded discharges in exhaust control strategies.
CFD modelling of a fan with a cycloidal rotor
Authors: Staśko T , Majkut M , Dykas S , Smołka K
Published: November 2022

Despite the wide possibilities of using a cycloidal rotor in the form of propulsion systems for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), cycloidal propellers for sea-going ships, rotors of wind turbines or sea or river cycloidal energy converters, there is practically no research on the use of this solution in the form of a cycloidal rotor fan (CRF) for HVAC (heat, ventilation & air conditioning) applications. The main features of such a machine, compared to conventional solutions, is a possibility of changing the flow direction only by changing pitch angles of the rotor blades. This study analysed two variants of the fan, first equipped with an asymmetrical CLARK Y profile, and other with a symmetrical NACA0012. Numerical simulation of cycloidal rotor fan developed in Ansys CFX was presented, that enables the simulation of fan operation. The results obtained from CFD for both variants were compared with those obtained during experimental measurements made with the use of Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA). The comparison showed good agreement between the numerical analysis and the performed experiment. Despite the operation based on the same cycloidal regulation settings and rotation speed, the fan equipped with symmetrical blades slightly more curved the flow angle than the asymmetrical one.
Liquid Phase Identification in Wet Steam Transonic Flows by Means of Measurement Methods
Authors: Shabani S , Majkut M , Dykas S , Smołka K , Cai X
Published: November 2022

The major goal of this study is comparing the results of heterogeneous and homogeneous condensation through a CD nozzle. The experimental technique for liquid phase assessment in wet steam transonic flow is tested under real conditions in an in-house steam tunnel test rig. The flow was modelled numerically using an in-house CFD code for performing the heterogeneous and homogeneous condensation models. For the comparison between CFD results and experimental data, the static pressure distribution throughout the nozzle bottom wall were chosen. One may observe a good agreement of the CFD results with experimental data. The presented approach can be used in the future for searching the reasons for the lack of accuracy between experimental and numerical static pressure distribution in the condensing steam flows.
Development of the LES-ADM approach for combustion modelling using high-order filters
Authors: Caban Lena , Tyliszczak Artur
Published: November 2022

The paper focuses on the development of an approximate deconvolution method (ADM) for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent reactive flow. We derive the effective filter as a product of the LES filter and the filter induced by spatial discretization performed using high-order compact difference schemes. We analyze the accuracy of the ADM depending on the effective filter definition in the case of modelling unsteady combustion phenomena (ignition and flame extinction) in a forced homogeneous isotropic turbulent field
Wind tunnel investigations of aircraft airfoil in cruise conditions
Authors: Kaczyński P , Szwaba R , Piotrowicz M , Flaszyński P , Doerffer P
Published: November 2022

Presented work is focused on analysis of the flow over the 2D model of Airbus A320 airfoil wing in cruise phase of the flight. For this purpose the measurement channel with an airfoil model was designed and assembled in a transonic wind tunnel to obtain a similar flow pattern as in the reference two-dimensional freestream flow. Experimental investigations were conducted in the IMP PAN transonic wind tunnel with a relative narrow test section which is a novel approach in terms of these type of research. The test section was designed using CFD simulations based on 2D freestream flow for the tested wing profile and in the next step the research were continued experimentally in transonic wind tunnel with a measurement chamber width of 100 mm. This paper presents the results of reference investigations on the A320 wing profile which combines experimental tests and CFD calculations. The obtained results show that the approach presented in the paper is appropriate and the obtained flow features in the tunnel do not differ much from the freestream conditions.
Kinematic simulations as a subgrid-scale model for particle motion: a priori LES of homogeneous isotropic turbulence
Authors: Rajek Michał , Pozorski Jacek
Published: November 2022

In this work we investigated the impact of filtering and subgrid-scale modeling on particle settling velocity and collision-related statistics in a turbulent flow. To reduce the complexity of this task we first studied the motion of inertial particles in the low-pass filtered homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, which was subsequently enriched with the subgrid-scale velocity components obtained from a frozen high-pass filtered velocity field. Particular emphasis has been put on the radial distribution function and the radial relative velocity of nearly touching particles both in the presence or absence of the gravitational settling. These statistics are the key input parameters to the kinematic collision kernel which is of crucial importance in determining the collision rate of inertial particles in a turbulent flow. Furthermore, kinematic simulations were selected as a means of enhancing the fluid velocity at particle locations. We analyzed a wide range of Stokes numbers, i.e. a measure of particle inertia, and, in contrast to scientific premises found in the literature, we observed no improvement of particle statistics when the low-pass filtered fluid velocity was enriched with both a synthetic or spectrally-filtered small-scale structures. We discuss the shortages of any frozen-velocity-based subgrid-scale model in predicting both single- and two-point particle statistics. We also indicate that in some cases, particularly concerning the collision rate of particles suspended in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence, subgrid-scale contribution in the particle equation of motion can be neglected.
Electrodeposition of Gold Nanoparticles from a Low Electrolyte Concentration for Ethanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Auliya A , Budi S , Pathoni A S , Umar A A
Published: November 2022

In this research, the spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were successfully synthesized over fluorine-doped tin oxide glass (FTO) substrate from an additive-free and low-concentration electrolyte. Based on the field emission scanning electron microscopy micrograph, the AuNPs tend to agglomerate and form spherical particles with protrusions outward. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that Au/FTO has a lower charge transfer resistance than the substrate, indicating catalytic reactivity of the AuNPs. The cyclic voltammetry measurement exhibits an oxidation peak current at about 1.83 mA/cm2, showing a high catalytic response of AuNPs on ethanol electrooxidation.
The Effects of Growth Time on Surface Morphology and Optical Band Gap Energy ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Sugihartono I , Isnaeni I , Mohar R S , Widiasih W
Published: November 2022

All thin ZnO films are synthesized by nebulizer on silicon substrates with growth periods of 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The characterizations are performed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, scanning probe microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the thin ZnO films with various growth durations of 10, 20, and 30 minutes have been observed. The results show that all samples have polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite and varying root mean square (RMS) roughness levels with the average island height of 86.931 nm, 70.046 nm, and 99.623 nm for the deposition time of 10, 20, and 30 minutes, respectively. The optical band gap energy of the thin ZnO films have predicted by extrapolating the linear plot of the Tauc equation. It confirms 3.25, 3.24, and 3.23 eV by increasing the growth times.
Analysis of Chicken Fat Quality Using Bioelectric Impedance Method
Authors: Nasmi K , Rosandi V A , Umar L
Published: November 2022

Animal fat tissue consists of liquid, and solid fats combined in fibrous tissues. Unpleasant odors characterize changes in fat quality, structure and color occur when fat is stored. This study aims to test the quality of chicken fat based on impedance measurements using the Multi I/O Card PCI 6221 National Instrument driven by LabVIEW software, where AC is injected into the fat sample using an electrode with a frequency variation of 10 Hz to 50 kHz at amplitude of 700 mV. The fat quality is influenced by storage time as well as the aging factor measured by varying the measurement time for 1 hours (fresh sample), 24 hours, and 48 hours, which resulted in a maximum impedance of 14.08k Ohms in fresh conditions and decreased 38.5% after 48 hours. Visually, the decrease in fat quality due to aging is indicated by changes in color, odor, and the appearance of water in the measuring vessel due to changes in the fat structure. Based on this, the impedance value can be used to determine the fat loss factor.
The Impact of Adjusted Electric Field on The Electrical and Magnetic Properties of NiBr2 Monolayer with Density Functional Theory
Authors: Prayitno T B , Nuryasin B , Budi E , Fahdiran R
Published: November 2022

The density functional theory was employed to the non-collinear magnetic calculations to consider the impact of spin-orbit interactions and external electric field on the NiBr2 monolayer. It was shown that spin-orbit interaction reduces the energy gap at Γ point. It was also shown that the transition from an indirect semiconductor to a metal happens by applying an external electric field. Furthermore, we discovered spin splitting after combining the spin-orbit interaction and electric field. Our findings showed that the spin-orbit interaction and external electric field play important role in the NiBr2 monolayer, especially for designing spintronic devices.
Sharp IR GP2Y0A21 Sensor Calibration for Prototyping Application of Smart Anthropometric System
Authors: Umiatin U , Dendi A F , Taryudi
Published: November 2022

An anthropometric tool is a tool used to measure body dimensions. For toddlers, anthropometric measurement is necessary to determine their nutritional status. The main anthropometric parameters in toddlers are weight, height, and head circumference. The development of accurate and user-friendly anthropometric tools is very significant in an effort to modernize the Integrated Healthcare Post (posyandu). This study aims to determine the accuracy of the infrared sensor used to measure the height and head circumference of toddlers. One IR GP2Y0A21 sensor was utilized to measure height, and four IR GP2Y0A21 sensors were utilized to measure the head circumference. The calibration results show the relative error of the Sharp IR GP2Y0A21 sensor for height measurement of 0.24%, and the relative error of the GP2Y0A21 sensor on head circumference 1 of 0.51%, head circumference 2 of 0.53%, head circumference 3 of 0.25%, and head circumference 4 of 0.37%. We conclude that the IR GP2Y0A21 sensor has high accuracy and can be used to measure head circumference and height accurately.
Mathematical Model to Calculate the Total Number of Radiation Decays of Radiolabelled-Pembrolizumab in Mice
Authors: Apriani I R , Adlina D A , Hardiansyah D
Published: November 2022

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors with Pembrolizumab shows potential to be used as a first-line in cancer treatment. A biodistribution study could be used to maximize efficacy and minimize the risk of the treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to describe the biodistribution of the 89Zr-Pembrolizumab. This study aims to create a mathematical model to explain how 89Zr-pembrolizumab is distributed in the body. Biodistribution data from Biokinetic data of 89Zr-Pembrolizumab in NSG mice engrafted with human lymphocyte peripheral (Hu-PBL-SCID) obtained from literature were used. The organ compartment of the model was divided into three sub-compartments: the vascular, interstitial, and endosomal space. The estimated parameters were the plasma clearance (CL), endocytosis modulation factors (F2), exocytosis modulation factors (F3) in the endosomal space, and modulation factors of the transcapillary flow (MK). According to the visualization of the fitted graphs and the percentage of variation (CV) of the fitted parameters (50%), the unknown parameters were successfully estimated with a goodness of fit method. The estimated value of CL was 2.65x10-5 l/h (CV=7.56%), parameter F2 was estimated for kidney, liver, spleen, and muscle tissue in the range of 0.12 - 0.35 (CV=4.14% - 5.60%), while F3 was estimated in the range of 3.60x10-3 - 0.036 (CV=2.21% - 21.44%), and the modulation factor of the transcapillary flow (MK) was within the range of 8.26 - 46.91 (CV=0.98% - 1.60%). A mathematical model was successfully used to describe the biodistribution of 89Zr-Pembrolizumab in mice.
Back-projection results for the Mw7.5, 28 September 2018 Palu earthquake-tsunami
Authors: Fahmi M N , Realita A , Risanti H , Prastowo T , Madlazim
Published: November 2022

A back-projection technique allows seismologists to analyse rupture properties once seismic signals from a dense array of seismic networks are available. The observed waveforms are then traced back in space and time to the source region of an earthquake under investigation. In this study, the method utilised the back-projection image of the recorded high-frequencyP-seismic waveforms filtered at 0.25-1.0 Hz by Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) processing to estimate the extent and the spread of earthquake rupture propagation of theMw7.5 Palu event on 28 September 2018, generating a severe tsunami. This study aims to estimate rupture duration, its extent (the distance over which rupture propagates) and the corresponding speed, and rupture directivity (where most of the seismic energy propagates). The results revealed that the front of rupture propagates slightly offset southward at about 2.9 km/s over a distance of ~140 km away from the epicentre for about 49 s before slowing down at much smaller amplitudes after reaching the south end of Palu Bay. This finding is consistent with an NNW-SSE orientation of the active Palu-Koro Fault lying along the bay, suggesting that the strong ground motion is associated with the fault activities. This study has therefore substantial implications for enhanced earthquake and tsunami early warnings, helping the government and local authority build community resilience by warning people at risk from future possible earthquake and tsunami hazards.
Subsurface Structure Analysis of Landslide Potential Areas Based on Electrical and Physical Properties of Soil
Authors: Situmorang H , Nurhasan N , Rusdiana R , Viridi S , Fitriani D
Published: November 2022

Indonesia is a tropical region with a high level of rainfall in November-December for the 2020-2021 period, especially in the West Java region. Jayagiri is one of the villages in Lembang district, West Bandung regency, which experienced landslides due to heavy rainfall. High and constant rainfall causes the soil layer to become saturated and unable to withstand the water, so soil movement occurs. Identification of landslide slip field identification can be analyzed by the geoelectric method and some soil samples for laboratory tests. Four lines of DC resistivity surveys were carried out in the research area using a multichannel instrument. The result of two-dimensional modelling resistivity shows a wide zone of saturation online JG-1 to a depth of around 10 m. Based on the laboratory soil test, permeable soil with a high porosity dominated the area. Low resistivity variation values ranging from 3.79 - 93 Ωm correspond to the low saturation zones. The constituent rocks of the saturation zone are clay, loam, and sand.
Energy Saving on Spray Drying Process by Modifying the Hot Air Flow
Authors: Setyadi P , Yoga N G , Anggrainy R , Hidayat O F , Syamsy Y F N
Published: November 2022

The drying machine works with the Spray Dryer method to dry particles from a liquid state through continuous spraying in the drying chamber. This Spray Dryer uses an atomizer in the form of a 0.2mm mist nozzle type injector with a spraying capacity of 0.00045 kg/s. Function for atomization during the drying process occurs with a change in the vortex angle of 35°. In this study, the liquid used was pure cow’s milk with a specific heat value of 3930 J/kg K. To increase the total amount of solids, increase the volume, speed up the drying process, and prevent material damage due to high temperatures, the milk was mixed with maltodextrin, water, and salt. In this drying process, the temperatures used are 100°C, 105°C, and 110°C. The humidity of the surrounding air can be reduced by using a dehumidifier containing a zeolite stone type molecular sieve measuring 1.7-2.5mm as an absorbent. The results of this study indicate that the moisture content of dry powdered milk products is 10.01% using a temperature of 105°C with a drying air flow speed of 16 m/sec. In addition, the drying time process was taken a time of 73 minutes which resulted in a drying rate of 0.455gram/second. This dehumidifier affects the temperature in the drying chamber to be constant between 101°C-104°C and lowers the humidity of the air by 7%, resulting in a 222gram milk soak. The efficiency value of the drying machine with a temperature of 105°C is 18.68%.
Innovation in Teaching and Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Absorption and Reflection Spectra with Low Cost Spectrometer
Authors: Yusuf E
Published: November 2022

The work demonstrated that a low-cost spectrometer and ImageJ serve as an accurate, reliable, and robust model and tool for learners to grasp abstract concepts in the Introductory Physics Lab Course context. The model design was self-paced while promoting active and peer learning for students. Image analysis within the experimental activity adds to the novelty of the lesson. Within the experimental accuracy, the measurement was shown to correctly identify the absorption spectra of Potassium Dichromate, Methylene Blue, and Potassium Permanganate and to describe the subtractive color-mixing model where Cyan absorbs Red accurately, Magenta absorbs Green, and Yellow absorbs Blue.
The Effectiveness Comparison of Improving Learning Outcomes in the CORE Learning Model and the Conventional Learning Model
Authors: Farhan A , Yusrizal Y , Saputri M , Ngadimin N , Wahyuni S , Jauhari D
Published: November 2022

The gap and the high variation in the quality of education between various regions have become a hot issue that has been discussed every time. Various discourses were put forward as efforts to improve quality. The quality of education is the result of the process. The learning model as one of the components in the learning process is often a concern. One of the assumptions of low education is due to conventional models’ learning process. Active learning models are believed to be able to improve student learning outcomes. However, the learning model partially does not contribute much to improving learning outcomes. Therefore, the hypothesis is put forward that the effectiveness of improving student learning outcomes between conventional and active learning models has the same criteria. Proving the hypothesis is the aim of this study. The research results are expected to contribute scientific references for developing strategies to improve student learning outcomes. The object of research is the material of Light and Optics, whose learning is carried out in three meetings. The quasi-experimental method was used in this study; randomization was carried out on the sample group (study grade). The research data are the results of the pre-test and post-test. Improved learning outcomes were analyzed using the N-Gain concept. After the learning process using the CORE model, it was found that there was an increase in student learning outcomes of SMP Negeri Banda Aceh City on Light and Optics.
The Influence of the Use of E-Books on Students Achievement in the Department of Physics Education USK
Authors: Mahzum E , Farhan A , Susanna S , Hamid A , Antika AR
Published: November 2022

The effect of the use of e-books by students on their learning achievement is focused on the problem of this research study. This study aimed to study the effect of the parameters of the use of e-books as part of the independent variable on student GPA achievement as one of the learning outcomes. The research results are used to improve the quality of the following lecture process. This research is descriptive type; data obtained without any treatment. The population is students from the Department of Physics Education FKIP USK Letting 2018, 2019, and 2020, total 94 students. Only 45 students responded correctly to the questionnaire in the interview process, and all of them were used as samples. Data is the state of use of e-books by students obtained through interviews using written questionnaires and student GPA scores obtained from the documentation. Non-parametric statistics were used to analyze the data. The analysis results obtained four conditions for students’ use of e-books: low, medium, high, and very high. In the results of the Kruskal Wallis test on student GPAs, it was found that there was no significant difference in student GPAs between the four groups. It was concluded that using e-books had no significant effect on student achievement in the Department of Physics Education FKIP USK.
Trends of Video Instructional in Physics Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Puspa R W , Sanjaya L A , Allanas E
Published: November 2022

This study presents a literature review about trends in the use of video in science learning, especially physics. A related literature review was carried out by combining 15 Scopus reviews and a synthesis analysis using VOS viewer for 2017 to 2021. This paper examines the research conducted on the use of video in science learning and categorizes them into three themes, namely the use of video, the use of video in inquiry learning and the influence of video on science process skills. A review of the results showed that overall video usage resumed at the same time as e-learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially at the college level, video games, and video analysis. Meanwhile, the researchers did not widely study the use of short videos and video clips in high school. Additionally, there are many challenges to using video in learning by students, teachers, and technicians. This is very interesting to research further.
The Level of Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Basic Physics Practicum
Authors: Indrasari W , Fitriani W , Budi A S
Published: November 2022

Higher Thinking Order Skills (HOTS) are important to be applied in learning, especially in practical activities in the laboratory. This study aims to produce a QR-Code-based Basic Physics practicum module with the HOTS stage. This study uses the research and development (R&D) model of Walter Dick and Lou Carrey with the limitation of stages, namely the feasibility test of the practicum module. Due to the regulation of the pandemic, the user trial phase was not carried out. The results of this study have obtained a set of practicum modules with stages of activities that support the formation of HOTS in Physics education students. HOTS is trained to cover the abilities of 1) creative thinking, 2) critical thinking, 3) observing, 4) logical thinking, 5) experimental investigation, 6) classifying data, 7) comparing relationships between variables, 8) inductive reasoning, 9) deductive reasoning, 10) systems analysis and 11) conceptualization of data. The feasibility of the material is 89.33%, the feasibility of the media is 92.92% and the feasibility of learning is 93.95%. The validation results show that the practicum module product produced is declared feasible to be used in training students’ HOTS in the Basic Physics practicum.
Trends of Web-Based Instructional (WBI) in Physics Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Sanjaya L A , Bunyamin M A H , Meganingtyas D E W , Haeruman L D
Published: November 2022

This research provides a literature review of the trend of using websites in physics learning. The literature review was carried out by collecting 30 journals from the Science Direct and Google Scholar databases from 2019 to 2022. A content analysis method was adopted to analyze the selected articles. This review examines research that has been done on the use of websites in physics learning and categorizes them into 10 topics, namely knowledge construction, learning environment, collaborative and autonomous learning, misconception, attitude and motivation, assessment and achievement, inquiry skills, conceptual knowledge, conceptual change, and problem solving. The results show that the overall use of websites over the past few years has increased, especially on the topic of collaborative and autonomous learning, which positively impacted the physics learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, many researchers have not studied the topic of problem solving, conceptual change, and misconception. In addition, the use of websites in physics learning has become a challenge in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. These issues have huge potential for further research
Student Perspectives on Using Microsoft Teams as an Alternative to the Implementation of Science Practicum
Authors: Pertiwi W A , Taufiq A , Meganingtyas D E W , Meiningdias C Y
Published: November 2022

This research was conducted to find out how students’ perspectives on Microsoft Teams were used as an alternative in the implementation of science practicum. The type of research used is a qualitative approach with 35 students taking natural science practicum courses. The instrument used is a survey questionnaire which is presented through a google form and distributed to students. This study uses descriptive data analysis techniques. The results of this study found that 94.3% of students understood the use of Microsoft teams, 94.3% of students said that the learning objectives of science practicum were achieved by using Microsoft teams, 82.9% of students said that the use of Microsoft teams was effective in the implementation of science practicums, while 17, 1% of students think that Microsoft Teams is less effective in implementing science practicum. Constraints faced by students in the implementation of science practicum using Microsoft Teams are caused by several factors, namely there are several students living in the 3T area (lagging, leading, widest) which has an unstable internet network and electricity network as well as natural conditions (rainstorms, winds). fast and others) that affect the strength of the electricity network and the internet network. The opinion of students on the implementation of science practicum for the future is that students have hope that in the future the implementation of science practicum can be done face-to-face or offline. However, there were some students who gave their views that the implementation of the science practicum using Microsoft teams had a positive impact and innovation in the implementation of the science practicum during this pandemic. This is because students have new knowledge about how to use Microsoft Teams that they never knew about this application.
A Simple Colorimeter for Measuring the Concentration of Multicomponent Food Coloring
Authors: Soo E A , Santosa I E
Published: November 2022

Built-in instruments are commonly employed in physics experiments. In this case, students are usually unaware of the instrument’s fundamental physics. Here we constructed a simple and compact colorimeter. A light-emitting diode (LED) was used as a light source. The light detector circuit consists of a photoresistor, a resistor, and a 9-V battery. During the experiment, we illuminated the solution of food coloring. The transmitted light was measured via the voltage in the resistor of the light detector to obtain the absorbance. The value was then used to determine the concentration of the solution. This instrument has been used to measure a mixture of food coloring’s concentration e.g. 1 ml/l Carmoisine and 1 ml/l Ponceau. For this sample, the measurement gave a concentration of 0.97 ml/l Carmoisine and 0.81 ml/l Ponceau. This instrument is simple and appropriate for teaching.
Physics in Physical Education: The Concept of Vector in Locomotor Motion for 10th Grade High School Students
Authors: Sari E F N , Siregar N M , Sukiri S , Susanti D
Published: November 2022

This study examines students’ grasp of the displacement vector material by integrating basic locomotor movements in the running. This study is quantitative research, with the design being a non-equivalent control group with a post-test alone approach. The ability data for each class of pupils is normally distributed and homogeneous. According to the post-test data, the experimental class’s average score was 69.8, while the control class’ average score was 55.3. Descriptively, the two classes have different ways of interpreting the idea of displacement vectors. The experimental class comprehends the idea of displacement vectors better than the control class. The independent sample t-test findings revealed a value for Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.016. Therefore, there is a big variation in how well the two classes comprehend the idea of displacement vectors. The experimental class outperformed the control class by a significant margin of 14.53125, proving superior. So it can be said that students’ comprehension of the idea of displacement vector material varies depending on whether or not fundamental running locomotor movements are included in sports and health physical education sessions. It is much easier to comprehend the notion of pupil displacement vector material when it is integrated with basic locomotor movements in running sports and health physical education courses than it is when it is taught conventionally without integration with basic locomotor movements.
Machine characterization and central axis depth dose data of a superficial x-ray radiotherapy unit
Authors: Xiong Zhenyu , Zhong Yuncheng , Banks Thomas I. , Reynolds Robert , Chiu Tsuicheng , Tan Jun , Zhang You , Parsons David , Yan Yulong , Godley Andrew , Stojadinovic Strahinja
Published: November 2022

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to present data from the clinical commissioning of an Xstrahl 150 x-ray unit used for superficial radiotherapy, Methods. Commissioning tasks included vendor acceptance tests, timer reproducibility, linearity and end-effect measurements, half-value layer (HVL) measurements, inverse square law verification, head-leakage measurements, and beam output calibration. In addition, percent depth dose (PDD) curves were determined for different combinations of filter/kV settings and applicators. Automated PDD water phantom scans were performed utilizing four contemporary detectors: a microDiamond detector, a microSilicon detector, an EDGE detector, and a PinPoint ionization chamber. The measured PDD data were compared to the published values in BJR Supplement 25, Results. The x-ray unit’s mechanical, safety, and radiation characteristics were within vendor-stated specifications. Across sixty commissioned x-ray beams, the PDDs determined in water using solid state detectors were in excellent agreement with the BJR 25 data. For the lower (<100 kVp) and medium-energy (≥100 kVp) superficial beams the average agreement was within [−3.6,+0.4]% and [−3.7,+1.4]% range, respectively. For the high-energy superficial (low-energy orthovoltage) x-rays at 150 kVp, the average difference for the largest 20 × 20 cm2 collimator was (−0.7 ± 1.0)%, Conclusions. This study presents machine characterization data collected for clinical use of a superficial x-ray unit. Special focus was placed on utilizing contemporary detectors and techniques for the relative PDD measurements using a motorized water phantom. The results in this study confirm that the aggregate values published in the BJR 25 report still serve as a valid benchmark when comparing data from site-specific measurements, or the reference data for clinical utilization without such measurements, Advances in knowledge. This paper presents comprehensive data from the acceptance and commissioning of a modern kilovoltage superficial x-ray radiotherapy machine. Comparisons between the PDD data measured in this study using different detectors and BJR 25 data are highlighted.
Giant gastrointestinal stromal tumour presenting with small bowel strangulation
Authors: Mejdoub Youssef , Rejab Haitham , Bouzid Ahmed , Fendri Sami , Boujelben Salah
Published: November 2022

Ileal Gastrointestinal tumor are usually asymptomatic and small bowel obstruction is a rare condition.
Survival after hemithyroidectomy versus total thyroidectomy in non-high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer: population-based analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Wong Carlos K H , Chan Wendy W L , Au Ivan C H , Tang Eric H M , Lang Brian H H
Published: November 2022

Background

The extent of thyroid surgery remains controversial for differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) that measure more than 1 cm but are not considered high risk. This study aimed to compare survival outcomes between hemithyroidectomy (HT) and total thyroidectomy (TT) in non-high-risk DTCs.

Methods

A population-based retrospective cohort of patients with non-high-risk DTCs more than 1 cm undergoing HT or TT between 1997 and 2017 in a territory with 41 public hospitals and clinics serving a population of 7 million was analysed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for patient demographics and clinical parameters were used to compare the overall, disease-specific, and recurrence-free survival between TT and HT. Risks of postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.

Results

A total of 4771 patients (HT, 1368; TT, 3403) underwent thyroid surgery as a primary treatment. Median (range) follow-up was 117 (range: 72–179) months. Patients in the TT and HT groups had comparable risks of overall survival (HR 0.87; 95 per cent c.i. 0.73 to 1.04; P = 0.119) and disease-specific survival (HR 0.85; 95 per cent c.i. 0.52 to 1.40; P = 0.518). The TT group had better recurrence-free survival (HR 0.37; 95 per cent c.i. 0.26 to 0.52; P < 0.001) than the HT group. The temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism rates in TT group were 14.96 per cent and 7.49 per cent respectively; none were reported in the HT group.

Conclusions

Despite the comparable overall and disease-specific survivals, TT was associated with better recurrence-free survival than HT in a 10-year follow-up. This was at the expense of higher surgical morbidity rate in TT.
Use it or lose it: gene–environment interactions at the nexus of expanding genes and shrinking brains in Huntington’s disease and other experience-dependent disorders of ageing
Authors: Hannan Anthony J
Published: November 2022

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Intellectual enrichment and genetic modifiers of cognition and brain volume in Huntington’s disease’ by Papoutsi et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac279).
DUT enhances drug resistance to proteasome inhibitors via promoting mitochondrial function in multiple myeloma
Authors: Wang Yafei , Gao Shuang , Chen Lin , Liu Su , Ma Jing , Cao Zeng , Li Qian
Published: November 2022

Acquired chemoresistance to proteasome inhibitors (PIs), such as bortezomib (BTZ), becomes an intractable obstacle in the management of multiple myeloma (MM) in the clinic, but the underlying mechanisms are still not well elucidated. In the current study, we established bortezomib-resistant (BR) myeloma cells and performed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) assay to screen profiled protein expression. The level of deoxyuridine triphosphatase (DUT), an important enzyme of nucleotide metabolism, increased in the BR MM cells. Retrospective analysis indicated patients with higher DUT expression had poorer responses to PI-based treatment and clinical outcomes. DUT knockdown by RNAi effectively minimized BTZ resistance in MM cells. Moreover, DUT knockdown was accompanied with the downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), contributing to decelerating cell growth, as well as augmented apoptosis due to bortezomib treatment. In contrast, DUT overexpression in parental MM.1S and LP-1 cells enhanced BTZ resistance. Furthermore, acquired resistance to BTZ could trigger the modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and function, as evidenced by elevated expression of genes associated with mitochondrial metabolism, as well as altered oxygen consumption rate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in BR MM cells. DUT inhibition partially attenuated mitochondrial modulation, and instead favored an early impairment of mitochondrial integrity upon BTZ exposure so as to restrict MM progression and overcome drug resistance to BTZ treatment both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we unveiled previously unrecognized effects of DUT on acquired drug resistance of MM, thus manipulating DUT may be efficacious for sensitizing MM cells to PIs.
Use of Statistical Process Control Methods for Early Detection of Healthcare Facility–Associated Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Outbreaks: A Single-Center Pilot Study
Authors: Baker Arthur W , Maged Ahmed , Haridy Salah , Stout Jason E , Seidelman Jessica L , Lewis Sarah S , Anderson Deverick J
Published: November 2022

Background

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens increasingly implicated in healthcare facility–associated (HCFA) infections and outbreaks. We analyzed the performance of statistical process control (SPC) methods in detecting HCFA NTM outbreaks.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 3 NTM outbreaks that occurred from 2013 to 2016 at a tertiary care hospital. The outbreaks consisted of pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) acquisition, cardiac surgery–associated extrapulmonary MABC infection, and a bronchoscopy-associated pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). We analyzed monthly case rates of unique patients who had positive respiratory cultures for MABC, non-respiratory cultures for MABC, and bronchoalveolar lavage cultures for MAC, respectively. For each outbreak, we used these rates to construct a pilot moving average (MA) SPC chart with a rolling baseline window. We also explored the performance of numerous alternative control charts, including exponentially weighted MA, Shewhart, and cumulative sum charts.

Results

The pilot MA chart detected each outbreak within 2 months of outbreak onset, preceding actual outbreak detection by an average of 6 months. Over a combined 117 months of pre-outbreak and post-outbreak surveillance, no false-positive SPC signals occurred (specificity, 100%). Prospective use of this chart for NTM surveillance could have prevented an estimated 108 cases of NTM. Six high-performing alternative charts detected all outbreaks during the month of onset, with specificities ranging from 85.7% to 94.9%.

Conclusions

SPC methods have potential to substantially improve HCFA NTM surveillance, promoting early outbreak detection and prevention of NTM infections. Additional study is needed to determine the best application of SPC for prospective HCFA NTM surveillance in other settings.
How Many People Use Sign Language? A National Health Survey-Based Estimate
Authors: Mitchell Ross E , Young Travas A
Published: November 2022

An empirical estimate of how many deaf and hard-of-hearing persons use sign language in the USA was obtained a half-century ago, but no study has measured how many people sign regardless of deafness. This study estimated the number of deaf, hard-of-hearing, and hearing adult signers. Concatenation of the 2010–2018 National Health Interview Surveys was required to provide sufficient sample size. Unadjusted and age-by-sex-adjusted sign language use prevalence across the range of hearing acuity was estimated. Adult sign language use was substantial (2.80%), with its rate of use greater for women than men and younger adults than older adults. As a group, deaf respondents had a far higher rate of sign language use than any other hearing acuity group. This study provides the first empirical estimate of adult sign language use generally, and the first update of any sign language use estimate in a half-century.