bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Group Effects on the Photoelectronic Properties of MXene (Sc2CT2, T = O, F, OH) and Their Possible Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Xiong Kuangwei , Wang Peihong , Yang Guang , Liu Zhongfei , Zhang Haijun , Jin Shaowei , Xu Xin
Published: November 2017

In view of the diverse functional groups left on the MXene during the etching process, we computationally investigated the effects of surface-group types on the structural, electronic and optical properties of Sc2CT2 (T = -O, -OH, -F) MXenes. For all geometries of the Sc2CT2 MXenes, the geometry I of Sc2CT2, which has the functional groups locating above the opposite-side Sc atoms, are lowest-energy structure. Accordingly, the energetically favorable Sc2CF2-I, Sc2CO2-I and Sc2C(OH)2-I were selected for further evaluation of the photocatalytic activities. We found that the Sc2CO2-I is metallic, while Sc2CF2-I and Sc2C(OH)2 are semiconductors with visible-light absorptions and promising carrier mobilities. Compared with the Sc2C(OH)2-I, the Sc2CF2-I has not only more suitable band gap (1.91 eV), but also the higher redox capability of photo-activated carriers, which should have better photocatalytic performance.
A POCS super resolution restoration algorithm based on BM3D
Authors: Chen Jian , Wang WeiGuo , Liu TingXia , Zhang ZhenDong , Gao HuiBin
Published: November 2017

The inherent shortcoming of POCS (Projection Onto Convex Sets) is its sensitiveness to noise. The restoration quality of POCS based super resolution will severely decline when the noise is larger. In practical applications, the low resolution images generally include some kinds of noise, such as camera internal noise, transmission system noise and coherent noise. Therefore POCS cannot be used directly in super-resolution restoration for observed low resolution images. In order to solve the noise sensitive problem of the traditional POCS restoration algorithm, we firstly propose to optimize the BM3D (Block-Matching 3D) filtering by mean pre-screening of image blocks and limiting the number of image blocks. Then we combine the optimized BM3D filtering with POCS restoration in this paper. Experimental results show that the proposed POCS super resolution restoration algorithm based on BM3D can achieve better restoration effect when the low resolution images contain noise. Furthermore no noise can be perceived in the restored high resolution image basically.
Substrate Specificity and Allosteric Regulation of a d-Lactate Dehydrogenase from a Unicellular Cyanobacterium are Altered by an Amino Acid Substitution
Authors: Ito Shoki , Takeya Masahiro , Osanai Takashi
Published: November 2017

Lactate/lactic acid is an important chemical compound for the manufacturing of bioplastics. The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 can produce lactate from carbon dioxide and possesses d-lactate dehydrogenase (Ddh). Here, we performed a biochemical analysis of the Ddh from this cyanobacterium (SyDdh) using recombinant proteins. SyDdh was classified into a cyanobacterial clade similar to those from Gram-negative bacteria, although it was distinct from them. SyDdh can use both pyruvate and oxaloacetate as a substrate and is activated by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and repressed by divalent cations. An amino acid substitution based on multiple sequence alignment data revealed that the glutamine at position 14 and serine at position 234 are important for the allosteric regulation by Mg2+ and substrate specificity of SyDdh, respectively. These results reveal the characteristic biochemical properties of Ddh in a unicellular cyanobacterium, which are different from those of other bacterial Ddhs.
Near infrared light decreases synaptic vulnerability to amyloid beta oligomers
Authors: Comerota Michele M. , Krishnan Balaji , Taglialatela Giulio
Published: November 2017

Synaptic dysfunction due to the disrupting binding of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau oligomers is one of the earliest impairments in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), driving initial cognitive deficits and clinical manifestation. Consequently, there is ample consensus that preventing early synaptic dysfunction would be an effective therapeutic strategy for AD. With this goal in mind, we investigated the effect of a treatment of mice with near infrared (NIR) light on synaptic vulnerability to Aβ oligomers. We found that Aβ oligomer binding to CNS synaptosomes isolated from wild type (wt) mice treated with NIR light was significantly reduced and the resulting suppression of long term potentiation (LTP) by Aβ oligomers was prevented. Similarly, APP transgenic mice treated with NIR showed a significant reduction of endogenous Aβ at CNS synapses. We further found that these phenomena were accompanied by increased synaptic mitochondrial membrane potential in both wt and Tg2576 mice. This study provides evidence that NIR light can effectively reduce synaptic vulnerability to damaging Aβ oligomers, thus furthering NIR light therapy as a viable treatment for AD.
The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin and DNA methyltransferase 1 axis mediates vascular endothelial dysfunction in response to disturbed flow
Authors: Zhang Yun-Peng , Huang Yi-Tao , Huang Tse-Shun , Pang Wei , Zhu Juan-Juan , Liu Yue-Feng , Tang Run-Ze , Zhao Chuan-Rong , Yao Wei-Juan , Li Yi-Shuan , Chien Shu , Zhou Jing
Published: November 2017

The earliest atherosclerotic lesions preferentially develop in arterial regions experienced disturbed blood flow, which induces endothelial expression of pro-atherogenic genes and the subsequent endothelial dysfunction. Our previous study has demonstrated an up-regulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and a global hypermethylation in vascular endothelium subjected to disturbed flow. Here, we determined that DNMT1-specific inhibition in arterial wall ameliorates the disturbed flow-induced atherosclerosis through, at least in part, targeting cell cycle regulator cyclin A and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). We identified the signaling pathways mediating the flow-induction of DNMT1. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) suppressed the DNMT1 up-regulation both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results demonstrate that disturbed flow influences endothelial function and induces atherosclerosis in an mTOR/DNMT1-dependent manner. The conclusions obtained from this study might facilitate further evaluation of the epigenetic regulation of endothelial function during the pathological development of atherosclerosis and offer novel prevention and therapeutic targets of this disease.
Impact of Lactobacillus reuteri colonization on gut microbiota, inflammation, and crying time in infant colic
Authors: Nation Monica L. , Dunne Eileen M. , Joseph Shayne J. , Mensah Fiona K. , Sung Valerie , Satzke Catherine , Tang Mimi L. K.
Published: November 2017

Infant colic is a distressing condition of unknown etiology. An aberrant gastrointestinal microbiota has been associated, and Lactobacillus reuteri supplementation has been shown to reduce crying and/or fussing time (‘crying time’) in some infants with colic. The relationship between L. reuteri gut colonization and crying time has not been examined. We investigated the relationship between L. reuteri colonization and fecal microbiota (microbial diversity and Escherichia coli), intestinal inflammation, and crying time in infants with colic, using a subset of 65 infants from the Baby Biotics trial, which randomized healthy term infants aged <13 weeks with infant colic to receive probiotic L. reuteri DSM 17938 (1 × 108 colony forming units) or placebo daily for 28 days. We observed an overall reduction in median crying time, regardless of L. reuteri colonization status (n = 14 colonized). There were no differences in E. coli colonization rates or densities, microbial diversity or intestinal inflammation by L. reuteri colonization status. We found that L. reuteri density positively correlated with crying time, and E. coli density negatively correlated with microbial diversity. As density of L. reuteri was associated with increased crying time, L. reuteri supplementation may not be an appropriate treatment for all infants with colic.
Acoustic frequency filter based on anisotropic topological phononic crystals
Authors: Chen Ze-Guo , Zhao Jiajun , Mei Jun , Wu Ying
Published: November 2017

We present a design of acoustic frequency filter based on a two-dimensional anisotropic phononic crystal. The anisotropic band structure exhibits either a directional or a combined (global + directional) bandgap at certain frequency regions, depending on the geometry. When the time-reversal symmetry is broken, it may introduce a topologically nontrivial bandgap. The induced nontrivial bandgap and the original directional bandgap result in various interesting wave propagation behaviors, such as frequency filter. We develop a tight-binding model to characterize the effective Hamiltonian of the system, from which the contribution of anisotropy is explicitly shown. Different from the isotropic cases, the Zeeman-type splitting is not linear and the anisotropic bandgap makes it possible to achieve anisotropic propagation characteristics along different directions and at different frequencies.
Oxygen drives benthic-pelagic decomposition pathways in shallow wetlands
Authors: van der Lee Gea H. , Kraak Michiel H. S. , Verdonschot Ralf C. M. , Vonk J. Arie , Verdonschot Piet F. M.
Published: November 2017

Oxygen availability is perceived as an important environmental factor limiting POM decomposition. In shallow wetlands, however, the impact of commonly observed anoxic conditions in the benthic layer on the relative contribution of microbes and invertebrates to POM decomposition remains largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if dissolved oxygen drives benthic-pelagic decomposition pathways in shallow wetlands. Dissolved oxygen concentration, invertebrate community composition, microbial decomposition and invertebrate consumption were measured in the benthic and pelagic layer of 15 permanent drainage ditches. We showed that an increased duration of anoxic conditions in the benthic layer of the ditches was related to increased microbial decomposition in this layer, while invertebrate consumption decreased in the benthic layer and increased in the pelagic layer. The increased invertebrate consumption in the pelagic layer was related to the presence of amphipods. We concluded that anoxic conditions in the benthic layer of shallow wetlands relate to an increase in microbial decomposition and a decrease in invertebrate consumption, as detritivorous invertebrates move to the pelagic layer to consume particulate organic matter. This illustrates that environmental conditions, such as dissolved oxygen, may drive the relative importance of aquatic organisms to ecosystem functioning.
Tolerogenic dendritic cells are efficiently generated using minocycline and dexamethasone
Authors: Lee Jae-Hee , Park Chan-Su , Jang Sundong , Kim Ji-Wan , Kim Sang-Hyeon , Song Sukgil , Kim Kyungjae , Lee Chong-Kil
Published: November 2017

Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) represent a promising tool for cellular therapy against autoimmune diseases, allergies, and transplantation rejection. Numerous pharmacological agents are known to induce tDC generation. Minocycline, which has long been used as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, was recently shown to significantly increase the generation of DCs with regulatory properties. Here, we examined the effect of the combination of minocycline with dexamethasone, rapamycin, vitamin D3, and interleukin (IL)-10, which are all known inducers of tDC generation. The highest number of tDCs was generated when minocycline and dexamethasone were used together with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-SCF) and IL-4. The tolerogenicity of the minocycline/dexamethasone-conditioned tDCs was much better than or at least equal to those of the tDCs generated with either one of these agents, as assessed throughin vitrophenotypic and functional assays. In addition, pretreatment with MOG35-55 peptide-pulsed minocycline/dexamethasone-conditioned tDCs significantly ameliorated the clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalitis induced by MOG peptide injection in a murine model. These results confirmed that tDCs with potent tolerogenic properties could be efficiently generated by the combined use of minocycline and dexamethasone, along with GM-CSF and IL-4. Our results would help in the development ofex vivotDC-based immunotherapies.
An apelin receptor antagonist prevents pathological retinal angiogenesis with ischemic retinopathy in mice
Authors: Ishimaru Yuki , Shibagaki Fumiya , Yamamuro Akiko , Yoshioka Yasuhiro , Maeda Sadaaki
Published: November 2017

Pathological retinal angiogenesis is caused by the progression of ischemic retinal diseases and can result in retinal detachment and irreversible blindness. This neovascularization is initiated from the retinal veins and their associated capillaries and involves the overgrowth of vascular endothelial cells. Since expression of the apelin receptor (APJ) is restricted to the veins and proliferative endothelial cells during physiological retinal angiogenesis, in the present study, we investigated the effect of APJ inhibition on pathological retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). In vitro experiments revealed that ML221, an APJ antagonist, suppressed cultured-endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal administration of ML221 inhibited pathological angiogenesis but enhanced the recovery of normal vessels into the ischemic regions in the retina of the OIR model mice. ML221 did not affect the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR2) in the retina. APJ was highly expressed in the endothelial cells within abnormal vessels but was only detected in small amounts in morphologically normal vessels. These results suggest that APJ inhibitors selectively prevent pathological retinal angiogenesis and that the drugs targeting APJ may be new a candidate for treating ischemic retinopathy.
Formal total synthesis of the akuammiline alkaloid (+)-strictamine
Authors: Xiao Tao , Chen Zhi-Tao , Deng Lin-Feng , Zhang Dan , Liu Xiao-Yu , Song Hao , Qin Yong
Published: November 2017

An asymmetric formal total synthesis of the akuammiline alkaloid (+)-strictamine is reported.
Calibration and evaluation of PUF-PAS sampling rates across the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) network
Authors: Herkert Nicholas J. , Spak Scott N. , Smith Austen , Schuster Jasmin K. , Harner Tom , Martinez Andres , Hornbuckle Keri C.
Published: November 2017

Here we present and evaluate a method to determine PUF-PAS sampling rates (RS), and the effective sampling volume (Veff), for gas-phase chemical compounds deployed anywhere in the world.
Two novel porous MOFs with square-shaped cavities for the removal of toxic dyes: adsorption or degradation?
Authors: Li Huijun , Li Qingqing , He Yaling , Xu Zhouqing , Tang Qingjie
Published: November 2017

Two new networks with different-sized pores were constructed. Their adsorption and degradation properties were studied in detail to clarify the relationship between adsorption and degradation.
Growth of a sea urchin-like rutile TiO2 hierarchical microsphere film on Ti foil for a quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell
Authors: Ri Jin Hyok , Wu Shufang , Jin Jingpeng , Peng Tianyou
Published: November 2017

A rutile microsphere (RMS) film grown on Ti-foil was used as a scattering layer for improving the performance of a Ti-foil-based nanosized anatase cell.
Cobalt-catalyzed C(sp2)–H/C(sp3)–H coupling via directed C–H activation and 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer
Authors: Sun Qiao , Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: November 2017

A cobalt catalyst promotes C(sp2)–H/C(sp3)–H coupling through a merger of directed C(sp2)–H activation and 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer.
Discovery and verification of the potential targets from bioactive molecules by network pharmacology-based target prediction combined with high-throughput metabolomics
Authors: Zhang Aihua , Fang Heng , Wang Yangyang , Yan Guangli , Sun Hui , Zhou Xiaohang , Wang Yuying , Liu Liang , Wang Xijun
Published: November 2017

Natural products are an invaluable source for drug candidates. Currently, plasma metabolome has suggested that compounds present in herbs may exert bioactivity.
A novel retractable spring-like-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator with highly-effective energy harvesting and conversion for sensing road conditions
Authors: Yang Xiude , Han Juanjuan , Wu Fei , Rao Xi , Zhou Guangdong , Xu Cunyun , Li Ping , Song Qunliang
Published: November 2017

Integrated multi-layer structural triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been verified as an effective approach to solving the insufficient energy supply to single-layer devices.
Poly(HPMA)-based copolymers with biodegradable side chains able to self assemble into nanoparticles
Authors: Sponchioni Mattia , Morosi Lavinia , Lupi Monica , Capasso Palmiero Umberto
Published: November 2017

Biocompatible PCL-based nanoparticles able to degrade into completely water soluble poly(HPMA) chains are produced via the inverse macromonomer method.
Mechanical activation in reduced graphite oxide/boron nitride nanocomposite electrocatalysts for significant improvement in dioxygen reduction
Authors: Patil Indrajit M. , Jijil Chamundi P. , Lokanathan Moorthi , Swami Anita , Kakade Bhalchandra
Published: November 2017

Inert h-BN becomes active towards the ORR after functionalization with carbonaceous materials.
A simple strategy toward hierarchically porous graphene/nitrogen-rich carbon foams for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Yue , Xiao Zechuan , Liu Yongchang , Fan Li-Zhen
Published: November 2017

We report a facile approach to prepare 3D hierarchically porous graphene/nitrogen-rich carbon foamsviaintroducing graphene oxide nanosheets into commercial melamine foam. The assembled solid-state symmetric supercapacitors deliver considerably enhanced energy storage capability and excellent cycling stability.
Stable monolayer α-phase of CdTe: strain-dependent properties
Authors: Unsal E. , Senger R. T. , Sahin H.
Published: November 2017

CdTe is predicted to have a stable single-layer crystal structure in α-PbO phase. It has a direct band gap that can be easily tuned under applied biaxial strain.
Developing Appreciation for Sarcasm and Sarcastic Gossip: It Depends on Perspective
Authors: Glenwright Melanie , Tapley Brent , Rano Jacqueline K. S. , Pexman Penny M.
Published: November 2017

Background

Speakers use sarcasm to criticize others and to be funny; the indirectness of sarcasm protects the addressee's face (Brown & Levinson, 1987). Thus, appreciation of sarcasm depends on the ability to consider perspectives.

Purpose

We investigated development of this ability from late childhood into adulthood and examined effects of interpretive perspective and parties present.

Method

We presented 9- to 10-year-olds, 13- to 14-year-olds, and adults with sarcastic and literal remarks in three parties–present conditions: private evaluation, public evaluation, and gossip. Participants interpreted the speaker's attitude and humor from the addressee's perspective and, when appropriate, from the bystander's perspective.

Results

Children showed no influence of interpretive perspective or parties present on appreciation of the speaker's attitude or humor. Adolescents and adults, however, shifted their interpretations, judging that addressees have less favorable views of criticisms than bystanders. Further, adolescents and adults differed in their perceptions of the social functions of gossip, with adolescents showing more positive attitudes than adults toward sarcastic gossip.

Conclusions

We suggest that adults' disapproval of sarcastic gossip shows a deeper understanding of the utility of sarcasm's face-saving function. Thus, the ability to modulate appreciation of sarcasm according to interpretive perspective and parties present continues to develop in adolescence and into adulthood.
A Method to Administer Agents to the Larynx in an Awake Large Animal
Authors: Durkes Abigail , Sivasankar M. Preeti
Published: November 2017

Purpose

This research note describes an adapted experimental methodology to administer an exogenous agent to the larynx and upper airway of awake animals. The exogenous agent could be a perturbation. In the current study, the agent was isotonic saline. Isotonic saline was selected because it is safe, of similar composition to extracellular fluid, and used in voice studies. The described approach allowed large animals such as pigs to be comfortably restrained without chemical sedation or anesthesia for extended periods while receiving the agent.

Method

Six Sinclair pigs were successfully trained with positive reinforcement to voluntarily enter and then be restrained in a Panepinto Sling. Once restrained, the pigs accepted a nose cone that delivered nebulized isotonic saline. This procedure was repeated 3 times per day for 20 days. At the end of the study, the larynx and airway tissues were excised and examined using histology and transmission electron microscopy.

Results

Pathology related to the procedure (i.e., nebulized inhaled isotonic saline or stress) was not identified in any examined tissues.

Conclusions

This methodology allowed for repeated application of exogenous agents to awake, unstressed animals. This method can be used repeatedly in the laboratory to test various therapeutics for safety, toxicity, and dosage. Future studies will specifically manipulate the type of agent to further our understanding of laryngeal pathobiology.
Low complexity sparse Bayesian estimation for UWB radar imaging
Authors: Alkhodary Mohammad T. , Muqaibel Ali H.
Published: November 2017

Ultra‐wideband (UWB) radar imaging can provide high‐resolution images of obscured objects using radio‐frequency signals. Due to its vast applications, UWB radar imaging received considerable attention in the past decade. Compressive sensing (CS) has been used as a viable solution for the larger data required by radar imaging. The advances of CS‐based UWB‐radar imaging is burdened by the complexity of the reconstruction algorithms and their weak noise immunity. Exploiting the structure of the basis‐matrix, a low‐complexity Bayesian‐based estimation algorithm is proposed. The algorithm takes advantage of the radar‐return statistic to find an approximate minimum mean‐square error estimate of the radar image. The low complexity is achieved by utilising the block‐matrix‐inversion formula to execute the algorithm in an order‐recursive manner. Further simplification is achieved by using exponential‐sum formula to find the correlation between the columns of the basis‐matrix. The proposed algorithm is evaluated over experimental and simulated data. The results show faster processing time compared to other known algorithms, with comparable reconstruction quality.
Mechanical Signaling and Extracellular Matrix in Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Rafique Saima , Segars James , Leppert Phyllis
Published: November 2017

Fibroids (uterine leiomyomas) are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract. Steroid hormones, growth factors, and cytokines have long been implicated in fibroid growth; however, research suggests that changes in the extracellular matrix and mechanical signaling play a critical role in fibroid growth and differentiation. Studies have shown that growth of fibroids is related to the change in the volume and composition of extracellular matrix with increased deposition of abnormal collagen, glycoproteins, laminins, fibronectins, and an increased osmotic stress. These changes generate mechanical stress which is converted to chemical signals in the cells through mechanotransduction and eventually affects gene expression and protein synthesis. Current studies also suggest that mechanical signaling in fibroid cells is abnormal as evidenced by decreased apoptosis of abnormal cells and deposition of a stiff extracellular matrix promoting fibrosis. Understanding and defining these mechanisms could help design new therapies for the treatment of fibroids.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt-Associated Vancomycin-Resistant Meningitis Complicating a Patient Undergoing Plasmapheresis for Presumed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Transverse Myelitis
Authors: Covach Adam , Rose William
Published: November 2017

Objectives We report a patient who had a working diagnosis of transverse myelitis secondary to a lupus exacerbation. As his clinical course evolved, continued vigilance clarified that he was in fact suffering from a nosocomial infection caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE).

Methods We performed a retrospective review of the patient's medical record.

Results Despite radiographic improvement, he did not improve clinically following immunosuppressive therapy including plasma exchange. Once meningitis was diagnosed and treated, he improved rapidly.

Conclusion The prospect of transverse myelitis may confound the diagnosis of VRE meningitis, a uniquely treated and potentially deadly infection.
The Effect of Uterine Fibroids on Infertility: A Systematic Review
Authors: Whynott Rachel , Vaught Kamaria , Segars James
Published: November 2017

Fibroids are present in up to 27% of patients seeking reproductive assistance, and can affect fertility through cavity distortion, alteration of endometrial receptivity, and sexual function. Surgical, noninvasive, and medical approaches have been developed to manage fibroids, but evidence-based data regarding their safety and efficacy for the treatment of infertility and the effects on pregnancy outcome are limited. Myomectomy, through minimally invasive techniques, is the most evidence-based approach to fibroids in women planning conception, and increases pregnancy rates by up to 68% in previously infertile patients. Laparoscopic uterine artery occlusion is under investigation as an alternative and simpler surgical approach to decrease fibroid size. Uterine artery embolization is not recommended for women intending future pregnancy, as the rate of spontaneous abortion (SAB) is up to 64% and the rate of abnormal placentation is 12.5%. Magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound surgery is gaining interest as a noninvasive procedure with positive preliminary pregnancy outcomes, but appears to have an SAB rate of 20.6%. Selective progesterone receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, and vitamin D supplementation are under investigation to improve uterine conditions for pregnancy. Submucosal and intramural fibroids affect fertility and pregnancy outcomes and should be addressed during infertility workup.
Resultados del tratamiento del nervio radial e influencia de factores pronósticos
Authors: Villén Gregorio , Alcober Sami , Malfey Rafael
Published: November 2017

Objetivo Analizar la respuesta de las lesiones del nervio radial y de sus ramas al tratamiento y la influencia de factores asociados dependientes del tipo de daño y de paciente.

Material y Método Sesenta y seis pacientes con lesiones del nervio radial o de sus ramas terminales fueron sometidos a tratamiento conservador, reconstrucción nerviosa, exoneurólis, recolocación nerviosa, cobertura con colgajo graso o transferencia tenomuscular. Hubo 39 hombres y 27 mujeres con una edad media de 45 años. Valoramos la situación motora antes y después del tratamiento con la escala del Louisiana State University Health Sciences Centre (G0 a G5). En las lesiones de la rama superficial del nervio radial fueron recogidas las alteraciones sensitivas y el dolor. La edad, el momento de la cirugía, el tipo de lesión, su nivel y tratamiento, el tiempo de seguimiento y el momento aproximado de la recuperación nerviosa, fueron analizados y relacionados con los resultados.

Resultados Hubo 37 lesiones del nervio radial entre la axila y el codo, 12 del nervio interóseo posterior y 17 de la rama sensitiva superficial. En 10 pacientes observamos recuperación espontánea. En el 82,3% de los casos de reconstrucción del nervio radial el resultado fue bueno o excelente, siendo desfavorable en el 17,7%. Todos los pacientes con reconstrucción del nervio interóseo posterior tuvieron resultado excelente. Las lesiones nerviosas en continuidad tuvieron un 20% más de resultados G4 y G5 que las neurotmesis. Entre los pacientes con lesión de la rama sensitiva superficial, seis quedaron asintomáticos y 11 sintomáticos después del tratamiento. Los pacientes de mayor edad, los grandes defectos nerviosos injertados en las zonas más proximas de la extremidad superior, o con mayor tiempo transcurrido entre la lesión y la reparación evolucionaron peor.

Conclusión El nervio radial es un nervio agradecido al tratamiento.
Die Sehne im Sport
Authors: Wiesinger Hans-Peter , Kösters Alexander
Published: November 2017

SEHNENADAPTATION UND DEREN STRUKTURELLE/FUNKTIONELLE BEDEUTUNG Sehnen sind
essenziell für jede Bewegung – Bewegung ist jedoch auch essenziell für jede
Sehne: Die Forschung der letzten Jahrzehnte offenbart die enge Beziehung
zwischen mechanischen Stimuli einerseits sowie der Struktur und Funktion –
beziehungsweise Verletzungsanfälligkeit – der Sehne andererseits. Besonders gut
erforscht ist inzwischen die belastungsabhängige Anpassungsfähigkeit von
Patellar- und Achillessehne an mechanische Belastungen.
Jumpers Knee im Volleyball
Authors: Visnes Håvard , Bahr Roald , Couppé Christian
Published: November 2017

RISIKOFAKTOREN UND VERLETZUNGSPRÄVENTION Bei Sprüngen und nachfolgender Landung wirken extreme Kräfte auf das Kniegelenk ein. Kommt es
aufgrund von Überlastung zu chronischen Schmerzen am unteren Pol der Kniescheibe, der Patellaspitze, wird dies als Patellaspitzen-Syndrom
oder Jumpers Knee bezeichnet. Damit den Spitzensportlern nicht langfristige Trainings- und Wettkampfpausen drohen, sollten Trainer, Sportler
und Sportphysios die Risikofaktoren kennen und präventiv mit dem richtigen Training die Sehne an die steigende Belastung gewöhnen.
Ibuprofen, Pseudoephedrin & Co
Authors: Schmidt Simone
Published: November 2017

ARZNEIMITTELMISSBRAUCH IM SPORT Missbrauch von Arzneimitteln im
Leistungssport – ein altbekanntes Problem. Dagegen – und zum Schutz der Sportler
erließ die Regierung in Deutschland Ende 2015 erstmals ein Antidopinggesetz,
welches die vorherigen Regelungen des Arzneimittelgesetzes ablöste. Doping ist
jedoch nicht allein ein Problem des Spitzensports – auch im Breitensport haben
leistungssteigernde Substanzen Einzug gehalten. Riskanterweise fehlt hier die
engmaschige medizinische Überwachung, so wie es im Spitzensport üblich ist.
Microwave Mediated Synthesis and Analytical Method Development for the Estimation of Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridines in Bulk by RP-HPLC
Authors: Kaur Anupreet , Kaur Jaspreet , Bansal Ranju
Published: November 2017

The present work describes a rapid and green microwave mediated method for the synthesis and a simple and precise isocratic reverse phase HPLC method for the estimation of the biologically significant dihydropyridines. The conventional synthesis of these dihydropyridines has been previously reported from our lab. The analysis of a standard solution (1 mg/ml) was accomplished on a symmetry (4.6 mm I.D x 250 mm) C-18 column using mobile phase acetonitrile:water:triethylamine (TEA) (70:30:0.1 v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min. Detection was monitored at 354 nm. The retention time for all the compounds was accomplished as less than 10 min. The compounds showed the linear response over the concentration range 10–100 µg/ml. The study is aimed to develop a rapid method for the quantification of these potent molecules. Various parameters like linearity (10–100 µg/ml), USP tailing and plate count were found to be satisfactory. The investigated parameters were studied with the freshly prepared solutions.
Selective electroless plating of 3D-printed plastic structures for three-dimensional microwave metamaterials
Authors: Ishikawa Atsushi , Kato Taiki , Takeyasu Nobuyuki , Fujimori Kazuhiro , Tsuruta Kenji
Published: November 2017

A technique of selective electroless plating onto PLA-ABS (Polylactic Acid-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) composite structures fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing is demonstrated to construct 3D microwave metamaterials. The reducing activity of the PLA surface is selectively enhanced by the chemical modification involving Sn2+ in a simple wet process, thereby forming a highly conductive Ag-plated membrane only onto the PLA surface. The fabricated metamaterial composed of Ag-plated PLA and non-plated ABS parts is characterized experimentally and numerically to demonstrate the important bi-anisotropic microwave responses arising from the 3D nature of metallodielectric structures. Our approach based on a simple wet chemical process allows for the creation of highly complex 3D metal-insulator structures, thus paving the way toward the sophisticated microwave applications of the 3D printing technology.
Enhanced boiling in microchannels due to recirculation induced by repeated saw-toothed cross-sectional geometry
Authors: Gao Le , Bhavnani Sushil H.
Published: November 2017

A saw-toothed shaped microchannel heat sink is investigated for enhancing flow boiling heat transfer. Tests are conducted at mass fluxes of 444–1776 kg/m2 s and an inlet subcooling of 15 °C. The effects of channel geometry on boiling curves, flow patterns, pressure drops, and heat transfer coefficient are discussed in this letter. It is found that heat transfer performance is enhanced by up to 50% especially at heat flux levels associated with the current generation of microprocessors.
Measurement of subcell depletion layer capacitances in multijunction solar cells
Authors: Rutzinger M. , Salzberger M. , Gerhard A. , Nesswetter H. , Lugli P. , Zimmermann C. G.
Published: November 2017

A method for measuring subcell capacitance voltage (C–V) in a multijunction solar cell is introduced. The subcell of interest is illuminated by a monochromatic light pulse with a ns rise time. The subcell capacitance is calculated from the measured rise time of the solar cell voltage. The effect of optical coupling is eliminated by introducing a high intensity bias illumination to all subcells below the one measured. The method is verified by comparing the subcell capacitance obtained from four junction solar cells with the results from corresponding component cells, which can be measured using well-established methods. From the C–V curves, the built-in voltage and the base layer doping density for each subcell are calculated.
Approaching quantum anomalous Hall effect in proximity-coupled YIG/graphene/h-BN sandwich structure
Authors: Tang Chi , Cheng Bin , Aldosary Mohammed , Wang Zhiyong , Jiang Zilong , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Bockrath Marc , Shi Jing
Published: November 2017

Quantum anomalous Hall state is expected to emerge in Dirac electron systems such as graphene under both sufficiently strong exchange and spin-orbit interactions. In pristine graphene, neither interaction exists; however, both interactions can be acquired by coupling graphene to a magnetic insulator as revealed by the anomalous Hall effect. Here, we show enhanced magnetic proximity coupling by sandwiching graphene between a ferrimagnetic insulator yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) which also serves as a top gate dielectric. By sweeping the top-gate voltage, we observe Fermi level-dependent anomalous Hall conductance. As the Dirac point is approached from both electron and hole sides, the anomalous Hall conductance reaches ¼ of the quantum anomalous Hall conductance 2e2/h. The exchange coupling strength is determined to be as high as 27 meV from the transition temperature of the induced magnetic phase. YIG/graphene/h-BN is an excellent heterostructure for demonstrating proximity-induced interactions in two-dimensional electron systems.
Plasma under control: Advanced solutions and perspectives for plasma flux management in material treatment and nanosynthesis
Authors: Baranov O. , Bazaka K. , Kersten H. , Keidar M. , Cvelbar U. , Xu S. , Levchenko I.
Published: November 2017

Given the vast number of strategies used to control the behavior of laboratory and industrially relevant plasmas for material processing and other state-of-the-art applications, a potential user may find themselves overwhelmed with the diversity of physical configurations used to generate and control plasmas. Apparently, a need for clearly defined, physics-based classification of the presently available spectrum of plasma technologies is pressing, and the critically summary of the individual advantages, unique benefits, and challenges against key application criteria is a vital prerequisite for the further progress. To facilitate selection of the technological solutions that provide the best match to the needs of the end user, this work systematically explores plasma setups, focusing on the most significant family of the processes—control of plasma fluxes—which determine the distribution and delivery of mass and energy to the surfaces of materials being processed and synthesized. A novel classification based on the incorporation of substrates into plasma-generating circuitry is also proposed and illustrated by its application to a wide variety of plasma reactors, where the effect of substrate incorporation on the plasma fluxes is emphasized. With the key process and material parameters, such as growth and modification rates, phase transitions, crystallinity, density of lattice defects, and others being linked to plasma and energy fluxes, this review offers direction to physicists, engineers, and materials scientists engaged in the design and development of instrumentation for plasma processing and diagnostics, where the selection of the correct tools is critical for the advancement of emerging and high-performance applications.
Crater-like structures induced by intense laser
Authors: Zhang H. , Shen B. F. , Wang W. P. , Wang N. W. , Zhang H. , Li S. S. , Zhai S. H. , Li J. F. , Wang X. L. , Xu R. J. , Leng Y. X. , Liang X. Y. , Li R. X. , Xu Z. Z.
Published: November 2017

Crater-like structures are experimentally studied with an ultrashort, ultraintense laser pulse with an intensity of 1.5 × 1018 W/cm2, irradiating borosilicate glass targets, which extends laser-induced craters to the region of relativistic intensities. The morphology of the crater-like structures is measured accurately using a three-dimensional laser scanning confocal microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The experimental results indicate that a circular bowl shape is formed with a depth-to-diameter ratio of about 1/5, which is similar to that of meteorite impact craters. A plasma fireball model is applied to analyze the experimental results. Studies show that catastrophic asteroid strikes may be investigated by irradiating foils with intense laser pulses.
Hollow counter-propagating lasers extend the energy of optically accelerated ions
Authors: Majors J. H.
Published: November 2017

New calculations show how the interference of counter-propagating laser pulses, shaped as hollow “doughnuts” with twisted light, can both radially trap and accelerate ions using only light.
Saying the unsayable
Authors: Wodak Ruth
Published: November 2017

After 1945 and the end of WWII, denying the Holocaust became an explicit taboo in most European countries. More specifically, in Austria, denying the Holocaust in public implies legal consequences: the so-called Verbotsgesetz persecutes any public utterances which even insinuate National Socialist ideology (utterances, symbols, songs, images) and the Holocaust denial. Naturally, it remains difficult for the courts to substantiate any accusations and to prove that somebody has actually uttered Holocaust denial if the meanings are only implied, inferred, or alluded to. Thus, in spite of such explicit sanctions, politicians of the far-right have found many coded and implicit discursive-pragmatic practices and devices of denying the Holocaust, even during parliamentary debates and official speeches. In this chapter, I compare the “discourses about Holocaust denial” in Austria and the UK, in two case studies: the first one relates to the controversy about some utterances of Barbara Rosenkranz who stood as candidate of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) for election to Austrian Presidency in April 2010. Secondly, I focus on the debates triggered by Nick Griffin from the British extreme right party BNP, in and after his appearance in the prominent BBC 1 weekly show Question Time, in 2009. I apply the Discourse-Historical Approach in CDA for the detailed analysis of such recurring debates and foreground the patterns of a globalised politics of denial.
Discursive violence and responsibility
Authors: Leezenberg Michiel
Published: November 2017

This chapter discusses the discursive strategies of the Freedom Party (PVV), a contemporary Dutch populist and Islamophobic party. After tracing its ideological roots to mainstream liberalism rather than earlier forms of extreme right political movements, I will discuss its discourse about Muslims. It will appear that this discourse goes far beyond the legitimate expression of opinion. Using some of Judith Butler’s ideas about the performativity of hate speech, I will attempt to describe how PVV leader Geert Wilders’s language is not only a discourse about violence, but is also itself a discourse of violence. Simultaneously, however, Wilders systematically denied responsibility for any violence his words might contain, imply, or provoke; instead, he and his sympathizers blamed both Muslims and his political opponents for whatever violence might occur in the wake of his utterances. This appears most clearly in the discussion following Norwegian Anders Breivik’s murderous 2011 assault on the Utøya island, an act which he himself claimed was in part inspired by Wilders’s political rhetoric.
Aspectual interpretation and mass/count knowledge in Chinese-English bilinguals
Authors: Yin Bin , O’Brien Beth Ann
Published: November 2017

Given recent interest in interface properties in bilingual acquisition, this study examined Chinese-English adolescent bilinguals' acquisition of English telicity – a property whose semantic interpretation (aspectual completion versus incompletion) is influenced by morphosyntax (mass/count distinction). Differences between Chinese and English exist in both mass/count (Chierchia, 1998) and telicity (Soh & Kuo, 2005). Despite existing L2 literature on telicity and mass/count, the relationship between these two areas in learning has not been adequately addressed. A naturalness rating task (on telicity) and a grammaticality judgment task (on mass/count) were administered on 120 bilingual participants (11 and 14 year olds). Our results overall show that mass/count knowledge was acquirable whereas telicity was only partially so. There was a small correlation between these two areas of knowledge. We discuss our results in terms of the role of linguistic input, interface variation, methodological issues, and the nature of telicity marking in Chinese.
The essive in South Saami
Authors: Siegl Florian
Published: November 2017

This chapter presents an empirical study of the distribution of a marker referred to as the ‘essive’ in South Saami. The description of the properties of this marker follows the linguistic questionnaire that captures the contexts in which essive and/or translative markers may occur in the Uralic languages. The study specifically investigates the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The linguistic domains involved are non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, and manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. The use of the marker in the essive sense (associated with state) is contrasted with its use in expressing the translative sense (associated with change). Finally, the syntactic position of elements marked by this form is discussed in relation to the position of focus constituents.
The Mari essive and its functional counterparts
Authors: Saarinen Sirkka
Published: November 2017

This chapter presents an empirical study of forms and constructions in Mari, a language without an essive or translative case marker, where other Uralic languages may use the essive or translative. The description of the properties of these forms and constructions follows the linguistic questionnaire that captures the contexts in which essive and/or translative markers may occur in the Uralic languages. The study specifically investigates the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The linguistic domains involved are non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, and manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. Finally, the syntactic position of elements marked by this form is discussed in relation to the position of focus constituents.
The essive-translative in the Enets languages
Authors: Siegl Florian
Published: November 2017

This chapter presents an empirical study of the distribution of a marker referred to as the ‘essive-translative’ in the Enets languages. The description of the properties of this marker follows the linguistic questionnaire that captures the contexts in which essive and/or translative markers may occur in the Uralic languages. The study specifically investigates the opposition between permanent and impermanent state in non-verbal predications. The linguistic domains involved are non-verbal main predication, secondary predication, complementation, and manner, temporal, and circumstantial adverbial phrases. The use of the marker in the essive sense (associated with state) is contrasted with its use in expressing the translative sense (associated with change). Finally, the syntactic position of elements marked by this form is discussed in relation to the position of focus constituents.
Lefschetz decompositions for eigenforms on a Kähler manifold
Authors: Arapura Donu
Published: November 2017

We show that the eigenspaces of the Laplacian

Δ
k

\Delta _k

on

k
k

-forms on a compact Kähler manifold carry Hodge and Lefschetz decompositions. Among other consequences, we show that the positive part of the spectrum of

Δ
k

\Delta _k

lies in the spectrum of

Δ

k
+
1

\Delta _{k+1}

for

k
>
dim
⁡
X

k>\dim X

.
Stability of logarithmic differential one-forms
Authors: Cukierman Fernando , Gargiulo Acea Javier , Massri César
Published: November 2017

This article deals with the irreducible components of the space of codimension one foliations in a projective space defined by logarithmic forms of a certain degree. We study the geometry of the natural parametrization of the logarithmic components and we give a new proof of the stability of logarithmic foliations, obtaining also that these irreducible components are reduced.
A Parabolic Monge–Ampère Type Equation of Gauduchon Metrics
Authors: Zheng Tao
Published: November 2017

We prove the long time existence and uniqueness of solution to a parabolic Monge–Ampère type equation on compact Hermitian manifolds. We also show that the normalization of the solution converges to a smooth function in the smooth topology as $t$ approaches infinity which, up to scaling, is the solution to a Monge–Ampère type equation. This gives a parabolic proof of the Gauduchon conjecture based on the solution of Székelyhidi, Tosatti, and Weinkove to this conjecture.