bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of deep neural network-based artificial intelligence method in diabetic retinopathy screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Wang Shirui , Zhang Yuelun , Lei Shubin , Zhu Huijuan , Li Jianqiang , Wang Qing , Yang Jijiang , Chen Shi , Pan Hui
Published: April 2020

Objective

Automatic diabetic retinopathy screening system based on neural networks has been used to detect diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, there is no quantitative synthesis of performance of these methods. We aimed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of neural networks in DR grading.

Methods

Medline, Embase, IEEE Xplore, and Cochrane Library were searched up to 23 July 2019. Studies that evaluated performance of neural networks in detection of moderate or worse DR or diabetic macular edema using retinal fundus images with ophthalmologists’ judgment as reference standard were included. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Risk of bias of eligible studies was assessed using QUDAS-2 tool.

Results

Twenty-four studies involving 235 235 subjects were included. Quantitative random-effects meta-analysis using the Rutter and Gatsonis hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics (HSROC) model revealed a pooled sensitivity of 91.9% (95% CI: 89.6% to 94.3%) and specificity of 91.3% (95% CI: 89.0% to 93.5%). Subgroup analyses and meta-regression did not provide any statistically significant findings for the heterogeneous diagnostic accuracy in studies with different image resolutions, sample sizes of training sets, architecture of convolutional neural networks, or diagnostic criteria.

Conclusions

State-of-the-art neural networks could effectively detect clinical significant DR. To further improve diagnostic accuracy of neural networks, researchers might need to develop new algorithms rather than simply enlarge sample sizes of training sets or optimize image quality.
Detailed characterization of metastatic lymph nodes improves the prediction accuracy of currently used risk stratification systems in N1 stage papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Lee Jandee , Kim Chan Hee , Min In Kyung , Jeong Seonhyang , Kim Hyunji , Choi Moon Jung , Kwon Hyeong Ju , Jung Sang Geun , Jo Young Suk
Published: April 2020

Objective

The characteristics of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) have been investigated as important predictors of recurrence and progression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, clinically applicable risk stratification systems are limited to the assessment of size and number of MLNs. This study investigated the predictive value of detailed characteristics of MLNs in combination with currently used risk stratification systems.

Design and methods

We retrospectively characterized 2811 MLNs from 9014 harvested LNs of 286 patients with N1 PTC according to the maximum diameter of MLN (MDLN), maximum diameter of metastatic focus (MDMF), ratio of both diameters (MDMFR), lymph node ratio (LNR, number of MLNs/number of total harvested LNs), presence of extranodal extension (ENE), desmoplastic reaction (DR), cystic component, and psammoma body.

Results

Factors related to the size and number of MLNs were associated with increased risk of recurrence and progression. Extensive presence of ENE (>40%) and DR (≥50%) increased the risk of recurrence/progression. The combination of MDLN, LNR, ENE, and DR had the highest predictive value among MLN characteristics. Combination of these parameters with ATA risk stratification or 1-year response to therapy improved the predictive power for recurrence/progression from a Harrell’s C-index of 0.781 to 0.936 and 0.867 to 0.960, respectively.

Conclusions

The combination of currently used risk stratification systems with detailed characterization of MLNs may improve the predictive accuracy for recurrence/progression in N1 PTC patients.
Толерантність студентів педагогічних коледжів: стан вихованості
Authors: Targoniі Ivanna
Published: April 2020

У статті проаналізовано стан вихованості толерантності у студентів педа-гогічних коледжів. Розроблено критерії та відповідні показники вихованості толерантності у студентів педагогічних коледжів: когнітивний (знання щодо сутності толерантності; усвідомлення значущості толерантності у суспільстві; знання про якості толерантної особистості); емоційно-ціннісний (розвинена емпатія; мотивація на виявлення якостей толерантної особистості; прагнення до діалогічного спілкування); поведінковий (вміння: виявляти гуманність, терпимість, доброзичливість, чуйність, володіти своїми емоціями та поведінкою; взаємодіяти, співпрацювати та вступати в діалогічне спілкування; знаходити способи попередження та вирішення конфліктів). Здійснено добір діагностичного інструментарію відповідно до проблематики дослідження, вікових особливостей раннього юнацького віку; виявлено та схарактеризовано рівні вихованості толерантності у студентів педагогічних коледжів.
Педагогічна діагностика як чинник забезпечення якості освітнього процесу
Authors: Kondur Oksana , Fuchynska Nataliіa
Published: April 2020

Аналіз наукової та методичної літератури дозволяє стверджувати про актуаль-ність педагогічної діагностики як наукової проблеми. Існують різні підходи до визначення сутності педагогічної діагностики як з позицій змісту діагностичної діяльності, так із позицій мети та завдань, які перед нею ставляться. В умовах модернізації освіти діагностику знань та вмінь здобувачів освіти необхідно розглядати як обов’язковий компо-нент освітнього процесу, за допомогою якого визначається рівень досягнення поставлених навчальних цілей та забезпечується якість освіти.Сучасні вимоги до педагогічної діагностика потребують застосування нових інформаційних технологій. Завдяки розвитку та поширенню освітніх онлайн сервісів доцільне їх використання в педагогічній діагностиці.
Synchronized sexual reproduction of the seagrass Syringodium filiforme (Cymodoceaceae) in a tropical reef lagoon on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica
Authors: Samper-Villarreal Jimena , Loría-Naranjo Margarita , Van Tussenbroek Brigitta Ine , Cortés Jorge
Published: April 2020

There has been an increasing effort to understand the mechanisms of sexual reproduction in seagrasses, which is usually synchronized. Synchronization is caused by environmental cues, such as temperature and light availability, and most likely occurs to maximize pollination success. At higher latitudes where seagrass reproductive seasons are clearly marked, intraannual variability of environmental triggers is significant. Our aim was to identify the period and frequency of sexual reproduction for the manatee grass Syringodium filiforme in a tropical coral reef lagoon, where the above-mentioned environmental triggers are homogenous all year round. The reproductive state and frequency and shoot length of S. filiforme were measured non-destructively in a monospecific patch on the tropical Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The meadow was surveyed at 1 to 4-month intervals between May 2010 and May 2012. Water turbidity, temperature, and salinity were measured in situ. During the surveyed period, sexual reproduction of S. filiforme was detected in February and May, while seagrass shoot length showed no variation. The moment of seagrass sexual reproduction was not fully explained by the environmental parameters studied. Regardless of the limited environmental variability compared to previous studies at higher latitudes, synchronization of seagrass sexual reproduction at this tropical location is interesting and requires further studies on mechanisms and its possible adaptive advantage.
Sediment Organic Matter in Areas of Intense Methane Release in the Laptev Sea: Characteristics of Molecular Composition
Authors: Grinko A.A. , Goncharov I.V. , Shakhova N.E. , Gustafsson Ö. , Oblasov N.V. , Romankevich E.A. , Zarubin A. G. , Kashapov R.S. , Chernykh D.V. , Gershelis E.V. , Dudarev O.V. , Mazurov A.K. , Semiletov I.P.
Published: April 2020

—We present results of study of the molecular composition of organic matter (OM) in the bottom sediments of the Laptev Sea by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, isotope gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and Rock-Eval pyrolytic analysis. The OM of all collected sediment samples shows a significant terrigenous contribution. Compounds that are biomarkers of methanotrophic microorganisms are also found. A positive correlation between the contents of the studied biomarkers and the contents of pelite and total organic carbon is observed at the sites with documented intense methane bubbling. For example, the average content of C30 hopenes at the “methane” stations is twice higher than that at the “background” ones. The average content of C32 αβ-hopanes in sediment samples from the methane seepage area is 1.5 times higher than that at the background stations. We suggest that the increased C30 αβ-hopane content (~1.5 times higher within the methane seepage area) and the decreased moretane index relative to the C31 hopane index are due to the inflow of OM of petroleum origin. The presence of biphenyl in sediments indicates its petroleum origin, which supports our assumption of the migratory nature of petroleum hydrocarbons in the methane seepage area. Triterpenoids found in the sediment OM indicate diagenetic bacterial transformation of OM in the methane seepage areas, which shows that methane has been released for a long time. We assume the intense activity of the consortium of methanotrophs and sulfate reducers in the methane seepage areas.
KEANEKARAGAMAN SERANGGA MUSUH ALAMI PADA TANAMAN CABAI DI DESA WIYORO, KECAMATAN BANGUNTAPAN, KABUPATEN BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Putra Ichsan Luqmana Indra , Utami Listiatie Budi
Published: April 2020

AbstrakCabai merupakan tanaman yang banyak ditanam masyarakat. Selain dapat dikonsumsi, cabai juga dapat dijual untuk tambahan penghasilan. Perawatan tanaman cabai dewasa ini banyak menggunakan pestisida, padahal terdapat agen biologi yang dapat digunakan dengan lebih efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung tingkat keanekaragaman dan mengetahui jenis serangga musuh alami yang terdapat pada lahan cabai di Desa Wiyoro, Kecamatan Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan perangkap sumuran (pitfall trap), nampan kuning berisi larutan detergent dan jaring serangga. Jaring serangga diayunkan sepanjang bedengan tanaman cabai secara vertical. Luas area pengamatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 x 100 m. Pemasangan nampan kuning dan pitfall dipasang sebanyak 15 buah untuk masing-masing jebakan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak 8 kali dalam 2 bulan. Hasil yang didapatkan berupa 7 ordo serangga sebagai musuh alami pada lokasi penelitian. Jumlah famili paling banyak ditemukan berasal dari ordo Hymenoptera 23 famili dan terendah Dermaptera dan Strepsiptera (1 famili). Spesies paling banyak sebagai musuh alami adalah Paratrechina longicornis. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ordo serangga yang ditemukan sebagai musuh alami pada lokasi penelitian berjumlah 7, dengan jumlah famili terbanyak dari ordo Hymenoptera. Famili dengan jumlah individu terbanyak sebagai musuh alami adalah Formicidae dari Hymenoptera.Abstract Chili is one of the most widely planted plants. Besides being able to consumed, it also can be sold for additional income. Nowadays treatment on chili uses a lot of pesticides, even though there are biological agents that can control pest more effectively and environmentally friendly. This study aims to count the diversity index and determine species of natural enemy found in chili fields in Wiyoro, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Sampling used insect nets, yellow pans, and pitfall. Insect nets were swung along the beds of chillies vertically. The area of this research was 20 x 100 m. Yellow trays and pitfalls were installed 15 units for each trap. Sampling was done 8 times in 2 months. The results that obtained were there were 7 orders of insects that became natural enemies at the research site, with the most number of families was Hymenoptera with 23 families and the lowest were Dermaptera and Strepsiptera with 1 family. The most commonly found species that act as natural enemies are Paratrechina longicornis. The conclusion of this study was the order of insects found as natural enemies at the research site were 7, with the largest number of families was in Hymenoptera. Family with the highest number of individuals as natural enemies was Formicidae from Hymenoptera.
Patience and Work Engagement among Islamic Bank Employees
Authors: Wiroko Endro Puspo , Fadillah Muhammad Rifky
Published: April 2020

This research investigates Islamic bank employees’ work engagement and its correlation to patience. Work engagement is fulfilling and positive state of mind that is characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption. Patience is a coping strategy which involves rational thinking, self-acceptance, self-control, and effort. By using accidental sampling, final participants were 169 employees working in Islamic bank who were varied in age, job position, employment status, tenure, educational background, and work location. Data was gathered by using two measures: The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and Patience scale and it were analyzed using Pearson correlation. Patience is found to relate positively with work engagement (r = .603). Islamic bank management may conduct training about patience to enhance their employees’ engagement.
Pronlem of Selecting Communication Channels Bandwidth of Transport Network Taking into Account imbalance of Various Priority Traffic
Authors: Andreev Sergej , Tregubov Roman , Mironov Alexander
Published: April 2020

The paper proposes a solution to the problem of selecting the bandwidth capabilities of digital communication channels of a transport communication network taking into account the imbalance of data traffic by priorities. The algorithm for selecting bandwidth guarantees the minimum costs associated with renting digital communication channels with optimal bandwidth, provided that the requirements for quality of service of protocol data blocks of the first, second, and k-th priority in an unbalanced in terms of priorities transport communication network are met. At the first stage of solving the problem, using the method of Lagrange multipliers, an algorithm for selecting the capacities of digital communication channels for a balanced in terms of priorities transport network was developed. High performance of this algorithm was ensured by applying algebraic operations on matrices (addition, multiplication, etc.). At the second stage of solving the problem, using the generalized Lagrange multipliers method, we compared the conditional extrema of the cost function for renting digital communication channels for single active quality of service requirements for protocol data blocks, for all possible pairs of active quality of service requirements for protocol data blocks, for all possible triples of active requirements for the quality of service of protocol data units, and so on up to the case when all the requirements for quality of service maintenance of protocol data units are active simultaniously. At the third stage of solving the problem, an example of selecting the bandwidth capabilities of digital communication channels of the unbalanced by priorities transport network consisting of eight routers serving protocol data blocks of three priorities was considered. At the fourth stage of the solution of the problem of the choice of carrying capacities the estimation of efficiency of the developed algorithm by a method of simulation modeling was carried out. To this end, in the environment of the network simulator OMNet ++, the unbalanced in terms of priority transport communication network consisting of eight routers connected by twelve digital communication channels with optimal bandwidth was investigated.
Challenging assumptions about “moving online” in response to COVID-19, and some practical advice
Authors: Fawns Tim , Jones Derek , Aitken Gillian
Published: April 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. COVID-19 is forcing many Universities to close for some time and programmes for medical, allied health, and nursing students are moving online. Based on our extensive collective experience teaching a variety of health professionals in clinical and academic settings, and of online learning, we want to question assumptions that seem apparent to us in some of the discourse around "moving teaching online". We write from the perspective of a team delivering a postgraduate programme for professionals working full time (in most cases) from around the world and different professions; however, we believe the issues raised are applicable to online education in general. There is a practical purpose to confronting these assumptions. It is our aim to help those delivering health professions education avoid some pitfalls that we think would result in poor quality experiences for all concerned. We do not believe that online education is inherently poorer nor, indeed, fundamentally distinct from on-campus education. However, there are certainly important considerations for learning to teach online, and we attempt to highlight some of these. We also provide some advice to those new to teaching online based on our experience, research, and the literature.
Alexandre Herculano entre a imparcialidade e a parcialidade
Authors: Assis Arthur Alfaix
Published: April 2020

Em toda a obra histórica de Alexandre Herculano reivindicações de imparcialidade misturam-se à parcialidade das crenças, ideais e interesses que conformam o ponto de vista do autor. Encontram-se nela tanto o compromisso com a busca desinteressada da verdade quanto a intenção pragmática de remodelar as relações da sociedade portuguesa com o seu passado, e com os efeitos deste sobre o presente. Revisitando os principais escritos históricos de Herculano, o presente trabalho procura entender como é possível que textos de história sejam ou pretendam ser, ao mesmo tempo, verdadeiros e úteis, objetivos e engajados, imparciais e parciais. Quero mostrar que essas oposições não necessariamente funcionam como contradições paralizantes, e que bons historiadores como Herculano são capazes de extrair delas uma enorme quantidade de energia intelectual. Concentrar-me-ei, em particular, na tensão entre a imparcialidade e a parcialidade para tentar evidenciar – com leituras atentas e análises contextuais  – que ela se configura de pelo menos dois modos distintos, ligados à significação positiva ou negativa do passado estudado para a pessoa que o estuda.
Effect of intercropping madumbe (Colocasia esculenta) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) on yield and land productivity under different irrigation water management techniques with effluent water
Authors: TI Busari  , A Senzanje  , AO Odindo  , CA Buckley
Published: April 2020

The need for the optimal use of land, without a yield penalty, in urban and peri-urban (UP) settlements is vital. This study investigated the effect of intercropping madumbe and rice with respect to yield and land productivity when irrigated with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) effluent under different irrigation water management techniques. It was hypothesized that intercropping under different irrigation water management techniques has no effect on the yield and land productivity. Field trials were conducted in the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons with ABR effluent (without fertilizer) at the Newlands Mashu Experimental Site, Newlands East, Durban, South Africa. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications; cropping treatments of sole madumbe, sole rice and madumbe + rice (intercrop) and irrigation treatments of alternate wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flood irrigation (CFI) and wetting without flooding (WWF) was used. Growth and yield parameters at harvest were determined. Thereafter, land equivalent ratio (LER) was calculated to evaluate the productivity of the intercrop. The effect of intercropping was significant (P < 0.05) on the total number of irrigation events and total water use. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in plant heights of both madumbe and rice at intercrop. However, the effect on plant height for treatment CFI was positive but not significant (P > 0.05) for both seasons. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction also occurred in the number of madumbe leaves/plant, and panicles/plant and tillers/plant for rice. Intercropping significantly reduced (P < 0.05) madumbe corm and rice grain yield over the two seasons relative to sole cropping.  LER showed that intercropping madumbe with rice was not more productive (LER < 1) than sole cropping of madumbe. It was concluded that over the two-season period, intercropping madumbe and rice do not yield appreciably under any of the three irrigation management techniques applied and the study hypothesis is thus rejected.
Failed intentions? Meeting the water needs of people living with HIV in South Africa
Authors: Mary Galvin  , Linah N Masombuka
Published: April 2020

Researchers, activists, practitioners and policy-makers have grappled with the challenge of providing people living with HIV (PLHIV) with an adequate amount of safe water. Comprising 13% of the overall population of South Africa in 2018, 7.52 million PLHIV need water for drinking and taking medication; preparing food; and personal hygiene and cleaning to minimise infections. This article examines the responses of the different stakeholders to this challenge and their impact on the water and health policy process. It finds that activists were able to emphasise the dimensions of the challenge; practitioners worked to implement provision more effectively within existing policy frameworks; and a range of stakeholders made a thoughtful and promising policy proposal for direct action, which the Department of Water and Sanitation ultimately failed to embrace. This article is based on an extensive review of academic research and publications by development agencies on HIV and water as well as engagement with policies and documents in the South African water sector related to water services delivery for PLHIV. While the widespread provision of antiretrovirals from 2004 has changed the context, the above findings are significant in understanding and reviewing the impact of various stakeholders on the water and health policy process. They raise questions regarding the effectiveness of NGO advocacy, the means of delivering improved services to specific populations, and the ability of a range of stakeholders to inform the policy approaches of government departments.
Challenges and shortcomings in current South African industrial wastewater quality characterisation
Authors: Genevieve Harding  , Jemitias Chivavava  , Alison E Lewis
Published: April 2020

Previous research in South Africa has identified gaps in wastewater quality characterisation and remediation. Wastewater quality indicators need to be known in order to reuse, recycle, and/or recover resources, but are poorly reported for wastewater streams. Formal and relational approaches were used to access wastewater quality information. Relational approaches included building relationships with industry partners through telephone calls, emails and meetings, while formal approaches included requests for public documents and legal applications using the Promotion of Access to Information Act. Published data were another source of information. The following industries were identified as major wastewater generating industries: pulp and paper, fish processing, power generation, mining and petroleum. Seven parameters were commonly used to indicate quality: pH, volume, electrical conductivity, nitrogen, sulphate, sodium and chemical oxygen demand. Calcium was not measured, even though discharge limits are required in environmental licenses. The accessed wastewater quality data ranged from qualitative to quantitative. The number of parameters used varied within and between industries. Although wastewater information is non-confidential, in practice it is not readily available. There are opportunities to improve wastewater management and resource recovery; however, this needs to happen in an environment of trust and transparency. This is currently lacking between industry, government, and research bodies.
Long reads nanopore sequencing to recover SARS-CoV-2 whole genome v1
Authors: Resende Paola
Published: April 2020

This protocol describes step-by-step instructions for building long (~2kb) amplicon libraries to recover SARS-CoV-2 genomes using the nanopore sequencing. It can be applied for sequencing on the MinION or GridION. This protocol was developed in collaboration with the Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Brazil and the two sequencing facilities at Pathogen Genomic Unit (PGU) and UCL Genomics, University College London (UCL), United Kingdom. This document describes the manual steps to perform the protocol, but for further information about the automation of the protocol, please, contact PGU-UCL. Manager: Rachel Williams https://www.ucl.ac.uk/infection-immunity/pathogen-genomics-unit This protocol is based in the amplicon tiling strategy described previously by Quick J et al 2017. However, we have applied this strategy to recover long reads (2kb), then some adjustments were performed in the protocol.
Determining IIDP Minimal Donor Criteria v1
Authors: Islet Distribution Program Integrated
Published: April 2020

This SOP defines the pancreas donor profile acceptable for use in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) sponsored research in the Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP). This SOP applies to all IIDP islet distribution centers using funds from the NIDDK to manufacture purified human pancreatic islets for basic research studies for IIDP approved investigators. The IIDP depends on the subcontracted human islet isolation centers to provide research investigators with human islets. It is the responsiblity of the human islet centers to obtain research quality pancreata from the Organ Procurement Organizations (OPO). Some criteria are stricter than those used by transplant centers for organ transplant donors. This protocol provides the inclusion and exclusion criteria in order to determine the proper parameters for research donors. The donor criteria also reflects the required 2020 testing for COVID-19. Positive testing for COVID-19, HIV, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis B are examples of some exclusion criteria. References (attached) OPTN Policies Effective as of April 3 2020 [Emergency COVID-19 Policy Actions]Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, 2020 Apr. 2013 PHS Guideline for Reducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Transmission through Organ Transplantation1 Behavioral Risk Factors for Recent HIV, HBV, or HCV Infection. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, 2013 Nov.
Statistical Code Summary for "Predicting the 10-Year Risk of Death from Other Causes in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer Using Patient-reported Factors: Development of a Tool" v1
Authors: Frendl Daniel
Published: April 2020

This text document summarizes the steps used for managing the data and performing the core analyses reproted in the manuscript.
Lipid profile of regular kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) users in the community setting v1
Authors: Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah Mohammad , Leng Tan Kok , Mohd Isa Salbiah , Sabrina Yusoff Nur , Jeng Yeou Chear Nelson , Singh Darshan
Published: April 2020

The protocol describe the steps involved in conducting fasting lipid profile and liver function test from the blood samples of regular kratom users and healthy non-kratom using subjects in this study. This tests were conducted in an ISO 15189-certified laboratory at Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The blood parameters which were determined quantitatively included serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein (TP), albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and direct bilirubin (DB). While globulin was determined from simple subtraction of albumin from total protein value, indirect bilirubin was determined by subtraction of direct bilirubin from total bilirubin value, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was calculated via Friedwald equation.
cDNA synthesis using SuperScript™ IV v1
Authors: Angel Roey , Petrova Eva
Published: April 2020

The following protocol is intended as a downstream application for our Purification of RNA from a DNA/RNA Extract protocol. This protocol describes how to synthesise a first-strand non-specific complementary DNA (cDNA) from a purified RNA extract using SuperScript IV Reverse Transcriptase. The second strand synthesis is usually not required for most downstream applications. This protocol is a simplified and condensed version of the full protocol provided by the manufacturer.
KONSEP DAN URGENSI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB MENURUT IBNU KHALDUN DALAM KITAB MUQADDIMAH DAN RELEVANSINYA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rasyid Hilman
Published: April 2020

This research is motivated by the lack of attention to the study of Arabic and reading the Koran. Considering its importance, the need for studies related to the concept and importance of education in Arabic. Therefore, Ibn Khaldun thought of as a great thinker in Islamic education became the main object of this study. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the concept and importance of education in Arabic according to Ibn Khaldun who then thought relevanced in Indonesia. To achieve these objectives, the researcher uses descriptive research method with qualitative approach. Based on the research results, Ibn Khaldun confirms that the Arabic language education is very important to learn. In fact he believes that education is more important than the education of the Koran and other religious sciences. Ibn Khaldun's thoughts are still relevant in education in Indonesia, especially in Madrasah Aliyah PPI 67 Benda
THE EFFECT OF ICT ON TOURIST EXPERIENCE IN DKI JAKARTA AS "SMART CITY"
Authors: Cahyadi Hery Sigit , Novriyanti Anissa
Published: April 2020

ABSTRAKSebagai Ibu Kota, Jakarta adalah salah satu kota di Indonesia yang mengimplementasikan TIK dan mentransformasikannya menjadi kota yang cerdas. Beberapa kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan kebijakan publik telah menggunakan aplikasi TIK yang dikelola melalui pusat komando pemantauan dan evaluasi. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengetahui apakah aplikasi TIK yang telah diterapkan mempengaruhi kegiatan bepergian di DKI Jakarta, terutama yang berkaitan dengan pengalaman wisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data kuantitatif dengan mengambil sampel wisatawan asing dan domestik dari 190 responden masing-masing. Penyebaran kuesioner dilakukan di beberapa tempat wisata utama di DKI Jakarta seperti Monas, Kota Tua, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Kebun Binatang Ragunan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa TIK belum memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pengalaman bepergian di DKI Jakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji TIK untuk pengalaman wisatawan yang bepergian dalam kaitannya dengan Jakarta sebagai kota pintar yang mendukung pengembangan wisata cerdas tujuan. Kata Kunci : Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi, Jakarta, Pengalaman Berwisata, Smart City   ABSTRACTAs the Capital City, Jakarta is one of the cities in Indonesia that implements ICT and transform into a smart city. Some activities related to public policies have used ICT applications that are managed through a monitoring and evaluation command center. This study tries to find out whether ICT applications that have been applied affect the activities of traveling in DKI Jakarta, especially related to the tourist experience. This study uses quantitative data analysis techniques by taking samples of foreign and domestic tourists of 190 respondents each. The distribution of questionnaires was carried out in several major tourist attractions in DKI Jakarta such as Monas, Old Town, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Ragunan Zoo. The results found that ICT has not had a significant influence on the experience of traveling in DKI Jakarta.The purpose of this study is to test ICT for the experience of traveling tourists in relation to Jakarta as a smart city that supports the development of smart tourist destinations. Keywords: DKI Jakarta , ICT, Smart City, Tourist Experience,
PEMBERONTAKAN KOMUNIS SILUNGKANG 1926–1927 SEBUAH GERAKAN ISLAM REVOLUSIONER
Authors: Marzali Amri
Published: April 2020

This article discusses what was called by the Dutch Colonial Government as ‘The Communist Uprisings of 1926-1927’. Instead of ‘the communist uprisings’, the writer tends to call this people’s resistance as ‘the Revolutionary Islamic Movement’. The writer finds the facts in which the dominant organization involved in the uprising was Sarekat Islam, a spilt faction of Sarekat Islam. The correction is based on different documents and reports, namely the resources issued by the colonial government, books written by political researchers of the West and by a local historian such as Mestika Zed, books and articles written by the local Silungkang’s experts, a book written by an actor of the movement, and the ethnographic reports written by the writer. These documents, reports, and books enable the writer to fully catch on the political, economic, social, and cultural background of ‘the Revolutionary Islamic Movement’.
Bulut Bilişim Sistemleri Kapsamında Kişisel Verilerin Şifreleme Yöntemleri ile Korunması
Authors: PAŞAOĞLU Cengiz , CEVHEROĞLU Emel
Published: April 2020

Bilgi toplumunun oluşum aşamalarından günümüze kadar veri, verilerin elektronik ortamlar dahil işlenmesi, saklanması ve paylaşılması gibi birçok yeni gelişme yaşanmış ve hayatımıza çok sayıda yeni kavram girmiştir. Günümüzde insana ait, kişiyi direkt veya dolaylı yollardan tanımlayabilecek her türlü bilgi olarak görülen kişisel veri kavramı çok önem kazanmış ve söz konusu verilerin korunması teknolojik gelişmeler karşısında yadsınamaz hale gelmiştir. Kişisel veri olarak bir kişinin adı, adresi, kimlik numarası, pasaport numarası, sağlık bilgisi gibi veriler sayılabilir. Bazen kişiyi tanımlamak için tek bir veri yeterli olabilirken bazen de birden fazla verinin birleştirilmesiyle bir kişiye ulaşmak mümkün olabilmektedir. Bu yüzden artık bireyler açısından kişisel mahremiyetini sağlamak ve bilgilerini güvenli olarak koruyabilmek için verilerin güvenli olarak saklanabileceği ortamlar önemli hale gelmiştir. Veri saklama ortamları denildiğinde ise aklımıza daha çok, son yıllarda giderek gelişmekte olan ve popülerliği her geçen gün daha da artan “Bulut Bilişim” gelmektedir. Bulut bilişim, verilerin saklanması konusunda bizlere birçok kolaylık sağlarken aynı zamanda mahremiyet ve kişisel verilerin korunması açısından ise birçok risk de taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bulut bilişim sistemlerinin avantajları, kişisel verilerin korunması açısından içerisinde barındırdığı riskler, söz konusu risklere karşı alınabilecek güvenlik önlemleriyle birlikte özellikle şifreleme yöntemlerine değinilmiş, bununla birlikte kişisel verilerin korunması alanında yapılan hukuki düzenlemelerin bulut bilişim sistemleri açısında değerlendirmesi ve kişisel haklar üzerinde de durulmuştur.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Genel Uyum Düzeylerinin Sosyo-Demografik Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇELİK Metin , ÇIRAK Yüksel
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin uyum düzeylerinin, cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf, anne eğitim durumu, baba eğitim durumu, bireyin yaşamının büyük bir bölümün geçirdiği yer ve kendisini algıladığı sosyoekonomik durum değişkenleri açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir. Araştırma modeli, ilişkisel araştırma yöntemi ile tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni Siirt Üniversitesinde 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında dört yıllık fakültelerde öğrenim gören öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi oran tabakalı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 950 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri Hacettepe Kişilik Envanteri (HKE) ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılarak toplanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi Bağımsız Örneklemler için t testi, Kruskal-Wallis testi, Tek Faktörlü Anova kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kız ve erkek öğrencilerin genel uyum düzeyi arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin genel uyum düzeyi, yaş grubu 26-+ ve 21-25 olanların lehine 18-20 yaş grubundakilerle anlamlı olacak şekilde farklılaşmaktadır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin genel uyum düzeyi, kendilerini algıladıkları sosyoekonomik düzey iyi ve orta olanların lehine kötü grubuyla anlamlı olacak şekilde farklılaşmaktadır. Anne eğitim düzeyi okuryazar ve lise olan üniversite öğrencilerinin genel uyum düzeyi, okuryazar olmayanlara göre anlamlı olacak şekilde yüksek bulunmuştur. Baba eğitimi düzeyine göre, üniversite öğrencilerinin genel uyum düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Sınıf düzeyine göre, üniversite öğrencilerinin genel uyum düzeyi arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Yaşamınızın büyük bir bölümünü geçirdiğiniz yerleşim yeri değişkenine göre, üniversite öğrencilerinin genel uyum düzeyleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır.
Genç Yetişkinlerde Stres ve Öznel İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişkide Benlik Belirginliğinin Aracı Rolü
Authors: TOGAY Ahmet , CENKSEVEN ÖNDER Fulya
Published: April 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, (a) üniversite öğrencilerinde algılanan stres, öznel iyi oluş ve benlik belirginliği arasındaki ilişkileri ve (b) benlik belirginliğinin algılanan stres ve öznel iyi oluş (olumlu duygu, olumsuz duygu ve yaşam doyumu) arasında aracı rolü olup olmadığını incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, bir devlet üniversitesinin farklı fakültelerinde öğrenim gören 281 kadın (%58.7) ve 198 erkek (%41.3) olmak üzere toplam 479 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle bütün değişkenlere ilişkin betimsel istatistikler hesaplanmış, değişkenler arası ilişkiler Pearson Çarpım Momentler Korelasyon analizi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Aracılık analizleri Preacher ve Hayes’in önerileri doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dolaylı etkilerin anlamlılığını incelemek için hem Sobel Z, hem de Preacher ve Hayes’in bootstrapping prosedürü kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada 10000 bootstrap yapılarak bootstrap katsayısı ve güven aralıkları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; algılanan stres ile öznel iyi oluş, olumlu duygu, olumsuz duygu ve yaşam doyumu arasında benlik belirginliğinin kısmi aracı rolü olduğu saptanmıştır. Benlik belirginliği, algılanan stresin öznel iyi oluş, olumlu duygu, olumsuz duygu ve yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisinin düşmesinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahiptir.
Evaluation of Earthquake Magnitude Estimation and Event Detection Thresholds for Real-Time GNSS Networks: Examples from Recent Events Captured by the Network of the Americas
Authors: Hodgkinson Kathleen M. , Mencin David J. , Feaux Karl , Sievers Charles , Mattioli Glen S.
Published: April 2020

Several studies have shown that real-time (RT) Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) measurements can provide an estimate of an earthquake’s moment magnitude (Mw) using scaling laws that relate peak ground displacements (PGDs) and hypocentral distance with Mw. In this study, we use data from GNSS stations operated by UNAVCO as part of the National Science Foundation Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (GAGE) that comprises the Network of the Americas (NOTA) to show that precise point positioning (PPP) solutions distributed in RT during five recent earthquakes could be used to calculate Mw rapidly and reliably. We analyze solutions distributed by UNAVCO during the 8 September 2017 Mw 8.2 Tehuantepec, Mexico, 10 January 2018 Mw 7.5 Great Swan Island, Honduras, 23 January 2018 Mw 7.9 Gulf of Alaska earthquake, and the 4 July 2019 Mw 6.4 and 6 July 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes.

We find that RT-GNSS Mw estimates consistent with Advanced National Seismic System Comprehensive Earthquake Catalog values are available tens of seconds to a few minutes after the event origin time. The speed with which an estimate is available is dependent on the proximity to the epicenter of the closest NOTA stations. The results demonstrate that RT-GNSS networks could be used to mitigate the problem of magnitude saturation observed in seismic-based earthquake early warning (EEW) systems. RT-GNSS effectively expands the spectrum of events for which a seismic EEW system can provide accurate warnings of impending ground shaking and provides an independent verification of seismically derived magnitudes. We also analyze the RT-PPP solutions from more than 800 RT-GNSS stations to determine the ambient-noise levels of each NOTA station and combine that with PGD magnitude scaling laws to construct regional network sensitivity maps for the NOTA network. Such maps may be used to determine “blind spots” or regions of lower sensitivity in RT-GNSS networks under consideration for EEW.
Near-Field Ground Motions from the July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Hough Susan E. , Thompson Eric , Parker Grace A. , Graves Robert W. , Hudnut Kenneth W. , Patton Jason , Dawson Timothy , Ladinsky Tyler , Oskin Michael , Sirorattanakul Krittanon , Blake Kelly , Baltay Annemarie , Cochran Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

The 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, including an Mw 6.4 event on 4 July and an Mw 7.1 approximately 34 hr later, was recorded by 15 instruments within 55 km nearest-fault distance. To characterize and explore near-field ground motions from the Mw 6.4 foreshock and Mw 7.1 mainshock, we augment these records with available macroseismic information, including conventional intensities and displaced rocks. We conclude that near-field shaking intensities were generally below modified Mercalli intensity 9, with concentrations of locally high values toward the northern and southern termini of the mainshock rupture. We further show that, relative to near-field ground motions at hard-rock sites, instrumental ground motions at alluvial near-field sites for both the Mw 6.4 foreshock and Mw 7.1 mainshock were depleted in energy at frequencies higher than 2–3 Hz, as expected from ground-motion models. Both the macroseismic and instrumental observations suggest that sediments in the Indian Wells Valley experienced a pervasively nonlinear response, which helps explain why shaking intensities and damage in the closest population center, Ridgecrest, were relatively modest given its proximity to the earthquakes.
A Database of Digitized and Analog Seismograms of Historical Earthquakes in Japan
Authors: Murotani Satoko , Satake Kenji , Tsuruoka Hiroshi , Miyake Hiroe , Sato Toshiaki , Hashimoto Tetsuo , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: April 2020

Seismic and tsunami instrumental observations by seismographs and tide gauges began in Japan in 1875; hence, many analog records of earthquakes and tsunamis are stored at various universities and institutions throughout the country. Re-examination of historical records using modern waveform analysis methods, high-performance computing, and current knowledge on seismic velocity structure is expected to produce new results and interpretations of the mechanism of large earthquakes and tsunamis, leading to improved seismic disaster mitigation practices. However, such work requires extensive effort and skills for the digitization of the analog waveforms recorded on papers. To conveniently use the analog seismograms, we currently construct a database of digitized historical records and seismogram image copies of major earthquakes that occurred in Japan (e.g., the 1923 Kanto, 1944 Tonankai, and 1946 Nankai earthquakes). The data can be searched in this database by event, station, and seismograph names. Users can obtain the instrumental response and station information, if available, in addition to the digitized data. We plan to open this database to the public in a few years via the National Museum of Nature and Science and the Earthquake Research Institute of the University of Tokyo. The database on the museum website will be fundamental for outreach activity of seismology for the general public, and the information contained in the database will be useful in various fields such as seismology or earthquake engineering.
Automatic Inversion of Rupture Processes of the Foreshock and Mainshock and Correlation of the Seismicity during the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Zheng Xujun , Chen Qiang , Liu Xianwen , Huang Xiaomei , Yang Yinghui , Xu Qian , Zhao Jingjing
Published: April 2020

The 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence included an Mw 6.4 foreshock on 4 July, followed by an Mw 7.1 mainshock about 32 hr later. We determined the rupture patterns of the foreshock and mainshock by applying the automatic iterative deconvolution and stacking method to strong-motion records. The foreshock was characterized by a unilateral rupture toward the southwest, and the shallow portion had a relatively large slip with the maximum value of ∼1.4  m. The mainshock presents an asymmetrical bilateral rupture with an average rupture velocity of 2.0  km/s. More than 80% of the seismic moment was released on the northwest segment of the fault, producing a maximum slip of ∼5.2  m. With the two inferred slip models, we calculated the Coulomb failure stress change (ΔCFS) to analyze the spatial–temporal correlation of the seismicity activity in this sequence. The result shows that the epicenter of the Mw 7.1 mainshock was brought 0.4 bars closer to failure by the Mw 6.4 foreshock, and the stress-increased zone has a good spatial consistence with the coseismic slip distribution of the mainshock and the aftershock distribution of the foreshock. Besides, the positive ΔCFS induced by the mainshock also enhanced its aftershock activity, especially at depths of 4–10 km where the major rupture occurred, inferring that the mainshock-induced ΔCFS may be responsible for the occurrence of aftershocks. In addition, we test the effects of different cutoff frequencies and crust velocity structures on the inversion results. The result reveals that the main source rupture characteristics are almost independent of these factors, implying a high reliability of automation inversion of strong-motion data. Overall, this work indicates that automatic inversion of strong-motion data can provide reliable and rapid rupture model, which is essential for earthquake emergency responses and tsunami early warnings.