bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opinion propagation on social networks: a mathematical standpoint
Authors: Lavenant H. , Maury B.
Published: June 2020

These lecture notes address mathematical issues related to the modeling of opinion propagation on networks of the social type. Starting from the behavior of the simplest discrete linear model, we develop various standpoints and describe some extensions: stochastic interpretation, monitoring of a network, time continuous evolution problem, charismatic networks, links with discretized Partial Differential Equations, nonlinear models, inertial version and stability issues. These developments rely on basic mathematical tools, which makes them accessible at an undergraduate level. In a last section, we propose a new model of opinion propagation, where the opinion of an agent is described by a Gaussian density, and the (discrete) evolution equation is based on barycenters with respect to the Fisher metric.
Frequency and temperature control for complex system engineering in optoelectronics and electronics: an overview
Authors: Salzenstein Patrice
Published: June 2020

To take advantage of the physical principles of determining parameters, such as frequency stability, noise and also alignment of optical signals, it is necessary to control complex systems. This work allows explaining it through various concrete cases such as the determination of phase noise of microwave oscillators, the control of the temperature of the manufacturing process of optical components. We also discuss the estimation of the uncertainty associated with the measurement results, as it is fundamental to control the error range.
Hilfsmittelversorgungen der oberen Extremität
Authors: Böing Thorsten
Published: June 2020

Die Hilfsmittelversorgung der oberen Extremität ist komplex. In fast allen Phasen der neurologischen Rehabilitation findet sie jedoch ein geeignetes Einsatzfeld. Ein Überblick.
Wie die Hände wieder geschickter werden
Authors: Sporrer Wiebke
Published: June 2020

Bei dem in diesem Interview befragten Patienten wurde vor zwei Jahren eine doparesponsive Dystonie mit ausgeprägter Feinmotorikstörung diagnostiziert. Zahllose Alltagssituationen wie das Bezahlen mit Kleingeld, der Besteckgebrauch oder das An- und Ausziehen sind seitdem nur bedingt möglich. Seit zwei Wochen befindet er sich zur medikamentösen Neueinstellung sowie Therapie in einer spezialisierten neurologischen Klinik. In diesem Interview berichtet er über seine Erfahrungen mit dem Feinmotoriktraining.
Assessments für die obere Extremität
Authors: Mehrholz Jan , Thomas Simone , Elsner Bernhard
Published: June 2020

In der neurologischen Rehabilitation sollten standardisierte Testverfahren und Assessments den Empfehlungen der Leitlinien folgend, beispielsweise nach Schlaganfall, systematisch eingesetzt werden. Assessments helfen einerseits bei der zuverlässigen Einschätzung von Veränderungen individueller Patienten. Andererseits können Assessmentverfahren Patienten motivieren und sie darin unterstützen, das Erreichen ihrer Ziele zu dokumentieren.
Soziale Distanz: Wenn die protektiven Effekte sozialer Nähe
eingeschränkt sind
Authors: Ditzen Beate
Published: June 2020

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,

das letztmonatige Editorial in der PPmP von Martina de Zwaan und Stephan Herpertz war
betitelt mit „So etwas haben wir noch nie erlebt!“. Nun sind wir
schon einen Monat länger weltweit mit der Corona-Krise beschäftigt
und in den betroffenen Ländern wurden mehr oder weniger umfassende
Maßnahmen zum „social distancing“ getroffen, um die
Verbreitung des Virus SARS-CoV-2 zu bremsen.
Jump and Run ins nächste Therapielevel
Authors: de Crignis Alexandra , Fuchs Carmen
Published: June 2020

Das Gehirn ist in der Lage, sich durch motorisches Lernen strukturell und funktionell anzupassen. Maßgeblich sind dafür unter anderem ein besonders intensives Training und eine hohe Anzahl an Wiederholungen. Die Funktionen der oberen Extremität können bei Eignung des Patienten mit gerätegestützter Therapie in sogenannten Armstudios trainiert werden.
Automatic Alignment of Cranial CT Examinations to the Anterior Commissure/Posterior Commissure (ACPC) Reference Plane for Reliable Interpretation and Quality Assurance
Authors: Rubbert Christian , Turowski Bernd , Caspers Julian
Published: June 2020

Alignment of cranial CT scans (cCTs) to a common reference plane simplifies anatomical-landmark-based orientation and eases follow-up assessment of intracranial findings. We developed and open sourced a fully automated system, which aligns cCTs to the Anterior Commissure/Posterior Commissure (ACPC) line and exports the results to the PACS. FMRIB’s Linear Image Registration Tool (FLIRT) with an ACPC-aligned atlas is used in the alignment step. Five mm mean slabs are generated with the top non-air slice as the starting point. For evaluation, 301 trauma cCTs from the CQ500 dataset were processed. In visual comparison with the respective ACPC-aligned atlas, all were successfully aligned. Image quality (IQ) and ease of identification of the central sulcus (CS) were rated on a Likert scale (5 = excellent IQ/immediate CS identification). The median IQ was 4 (range: 2–4) in the original series and 5 (range: 4–5) in the ACPC-aligned series (p < 0.0001). The CS was more easily identified after fatbACPC (original scans: 4 (range: 2–5); ACPC-aligned: 5 (range: 4–5); p < 0.0001). The mean rotation to achieve alignment was |X| = 6.4 ± 5.2° ([–X,+X] = –26.8°–24.2°), |Y| = 2.1 ± 1.7° ([-Y,+Y] = –8.7°–9.8°), and |Z| = 3.1 ± 2.4° ([–Z,+Z] = –14.3°–12.5°). The developed system can robustly and automatically align cCTs to the ACPC line. Degrees of deviation from the ideal alignment could be used for quality assurance.

Key Points:

Citation Format
A Modified Vilsmeier–Haack Strategy to Construct β-Pyridine-Fused 5,10,15,20-Tetraarylporphyrins
Authors: Nath Mahendra , Singh Pargat
Published: June 2020

A modified Vilsmeier–Haack strategy has been developed to construct a novel series of π-extended nickel(II) or copper(II) complexes of 2-chloro-3-formyl- and 3-formylpyrido[2,3-b]porphyrins from 2-acetamido-meso-tetraarylporphyrins. After chromatographic purification and spectral characterization, nickel(II) complexes of 2-chloro-3-formyl- and 3-formylpyrido[2,3-b]porphyrins underwent reaction with malononitrile under Knoevenagel conditions to afford new porphyrins with extended π-conjugation in appreciable yields. On photophysical investigation, the newly prepared pyridoporphyrins displayed a significant redshift in their electronic absorption spectra as compared to simple meso-tetraarylporphyrin precursors.
Metal Salen- and Salphen-Containing Organic Polymers: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Elbert Sven M. , Mastalerz Michael
Published: June 2020

The properties of organic polymeric materials can be chemically fine-tuned by the implementation of functional groups or units within the backbone. Especially the inclusion of coordinated metal centers offers a nearly infinite toolbox to adjust properties and thus potential applications. In particular, salen and salphen complexes are widely known to be highly efficient homogenous catalysts. They are also used as luminescent materials and devices or as supramolecular building blocks. This review focusses on the class of salen- and salphen-containing organic polymers, from 1D to 3D. Besides the comparison of synthetic polymerization methods, properties and applications are discussed, with an emphasis on porous 2D and 3D polymeric metal salphens and salens for heterogeneous catalysis and gas sorption.
Avaliação das propriedades histológicas de enxertos meniscais humanos armazenados em banco de tecido
Authors: Netto Alfredo dos Santos , Antebi Uri , Morais Carolina Esteves de , Sementilli Leonardo , Severino Nilson Roberto , Cury Ricardo de Paula Leite
Published: June 2020

Objetivos Avaliar e comparar as características histológicas de meniscos frescos e meniscos congelados armazenados em banco de tecidos por 1 mês e por 5 anos.

Métodos Foi feito um estudo histológico com enxertos meniscais. Avaliamos 10 meniscos, sendo 2 que ficaram armazenados sob congelamento por 5 anos, 4 armazenados congelados por 1 mês, e 4 frescos, recém captados. Foram feitos cortes histológicos corados com hematoxilina e eosina e Tricrômico de Masson, para avaliação das propriedades histológicas.

Resultados Os meniscos congelados por 1 mês apresentaram preservação parcial da estrutura das fibras colágenas, sem degeneração hidrópica significativa do tecido. Nos meniscos congelados por 5 anos, observamos dissociação evidente das fibras colágenas, com presença de múltiplos focos de degeneração hidrópica.

Discussão Encontramos degeneração bem mais significativa nos meniscos armazenados por 5 anos, o que indica que o longo período de congelamento leva à progressão significativa da degeneração do tecido. Isto pode sugerir que o período de 5 anos, considerado período máximo que o enxerto pode permanecer armazenado antes de ser transplantado, é um período muito longo.

Conclusão Nos enxertos armazenados por 1 mês, existiu apenas discreta alteração degenerativa das fibras colágenas, enquanto que nos meniscos com 5 anos de congelamento foi observada degeneração significativa do tecido. Tibiais
Giant Retroperitoneal Sarcoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Saad Melissa K. , Fiani Elias , Abdullah Ali , Saikaly Elias
Published: June 2020

Liposarcomas are neoplasms of mesodermal origin derived from adipose tissue representing 10 to 14% of all soft tissue sarcomas, with the most frequent subtype being liposarcoma. Given that the retroperitoneum is a large space in which the retroperitoneal liposarcoma can grow asymptomatically up until a mass effect develop. Hence, patients usually present late with symptoms with possible invasion to nearby structures. These tumors are known to reach significantly large dimension, despite their poor vascularization and can grow to enormous size, the average diameter of the tumor is 20 to 25 cm with a weight of 15 to 20 kg. Surgery with en-bloc resection of the tumor and adherent nearby structures, with intact capsule, remains the gold standard in surgical management of retroperitoneal sarcomas. Herein, we present a case of 52 year old male patient with a huge 48 cm right-sided retroperitoneal liposarcoma, managed surgically by en bloc excision of the tumor, right kidney, right ureter, right adrenal gland, and the right colon.
An organosynthetic soft robotic respiratory simulator
Authors: Horvath Markus A. , Hu Lucy , Mueller Tanja , Hochstein Jon , Rosalia Luca , Hibbert Kathryn A. , Hardin Charles C. , Roche Ellen T.
Published: June 2020

In this work, we describe a benchtop model that recreates the motion and function of the diaphragm using a combination of advanced robotic and organic tissue. First, we build a high-fidelity anthropomorphic model of the diaphragm using thermoplastic and elastomeric material based on clinical imaging data. We then attach pneumatic artificial muscles to this elastomeric diaphragm, pre-programmed to move in a clinically relevant manner when pressurized. By inserting this diaphragm as the divider between two chambers in a benchtop model—one representing the thorax and the other the abdomen—and subsequently activating the diaphragm, we can recreate the pressure changes that cause lungs to inflate and deflate during regular breathing. Insertion of organic lungs in the thoracic cavity demonstrates this inflation and deflation in response to the pressures generated by our robotic diaphragm. By tailoring the input pressures and timing, we can represent different breathing motions and disease states. We instrument the model with multiple sensors to measure pressures, volumes, and flows and display these data in real-time, allowing the user to vary inputs such as the breathing rate and compliance of various components, and so they can observe and measure the downstream effect of changing these parameters. In this way, the model elucidates fundamental physiological concepts and can demonstrate pathology and the interplay of components of the respiratory system. This model will serve as an innovative and effective pedagogical tool for educating students on respiratory physiology and pathology in a user-controlled, interactive manner. It will also serve as an anatomically and physiologically accurate testbed for devices or pleural sealants that reside in the thoracic cavity, representing a vast improvement over existing models and ultimately reducing the requirement for testing these technologies in animal models. Finally, it will act as an impactful visualization tool for educating and engaging the broader community.
Consistent kinetic–continuum dissociation model I. Kinetic
formulation
Authors: Singh Narendra , Schwartzentruber Thomas
Published: June 2020

In this article, we propose a generalized non-equilibrium chemical kinetics model from ab initio simulation data obtained using accurate potential energy surfaces developed recently for the purpose of studying high-temperature air chemistry. First, we present a simple cross section model for dissociation that captures recent ab initio data accurately. The cross section model is analytically integrated over Boltzmann distributions and general non-Boltzmann distributions to derive a general non-equilibrium dissociation model. The general non-Boltzmann model systematically incorporates key physics such as dependence on translational energy, rotational energy, vibrational energy, internal energy, centrifugal barrier, and non-Boltzmann effects such as overpopulation and depletion of high energy states. The model is shown to reproduce the rates from quasi-classical trajectory calculations for Boltzmann distributions of internal energy states. The reduced rates in a non-equilibrium steady state due to depletion of high internal energy states are also predicted well by the model. Furthermore, the model predicts the enhanced rates as observed due to significant overpopulation of high vibrational states relative to Boltzmann distributions while the gas is in non-equilibrium in the transient phase. The model provides a computationally inexpensive way of incorporating non-equilibrium chemistry without incurring additional cost in the existing computational tools. Further comparisons of the model are carried out in Paper II, where simplifications to the model are proposed based on the results.
Consistent kinetic-continuum dissociation model. II. Continuum formulation and verification
Authors: Singh Narendra , Schwartzentruber Thomas
Published: June 2020

In this article, we implement a recently developed non-equilibrium chemical kinetics model [N. Singh and T. Schwartzentruber, J. Chem. Phys. 152, 224302 (2020)] based on ab initio simulation data and perform verification studies. Direct molecular simulation data are used to verify the predictive capabilities of the model. Using the model, dominant physics, such as the need for a rotational energy equation, and the quantitative role of non-Boltzmann effects are identified. Based on the analysis and reasonable assumptions, a simplified model for implementation into large-scale computational fluid dynamic simulations is proposed. Without incurring additional computational cost, the model can be used in existing flow solvers to analyze hypersonic flows.
Digital mirror device combined with microscopy technique illuminates biological mechanisms
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: June 2020

By optimizing the blazed grating of a digital mirror device, researchers developed a low-cost, multi-color, super-resolution microscope with doubled spatial resolution.
Method for developing a sub-10 fs ultrafast electron diffraction technology
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , Baek In Hyung , Shin Junho , Park Sunjeong , Bark Hyeon Sang , Oang Key Young , Jang Kyu-Ha , Lee Kitae , Vinokurov Nikolay , Jeong Young Uk
Published: June 2020

The experimental observation of femtosecond dynamics in atoms and molecules by stroboscopic technologies utilizing x ray or electron flashes has attracted much attention and has rapidly developed. We propose a feasible ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) technology with high brightness and a sub-10 fs temporal resolution. We previously demonstrated a UED system with an overall temporal resolution of 31 fs by using an RF photoelectron gun and a 90° achromatic bending structure. This UED structure enabled a bunch duration of 25 fs and a low timing jitter of less than 10 fs while maintaining a high bunch charge of 0.6 pC. In this paper, we demonstrate a simple way to further compress the electron bunch duration to sub-10 fs based on installing an energy filter in the dispersion section of the achromatic bend. The energy filter removes the electrons belonging to nonlinear parts of the phase space. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the electron bunches can be compressed, at the sample position, to a 6.2 fs (rms) duration for a 100 fC charge. This result suggests that the energy filtering approach is more viable and effective than complicated beam-shaping techniques that commonly handle the nonlinear distribution of the electron beam. Furthermore, a gas-filled hollow core fiber compressor and a Ti:sapphire amplifier are used to implement pump laser pulses of less than 5 fs (rms). Thus, we could present the full simulation results of a sub-10 fs UED, and we believe that it will be one of the technical prototypes to challenge the sub-fs time resolution.
Magnetic field-enhanced beam monitor for ionizing radiation
Authors: Platier B. , Limpens R. , Lassise A. C. , Oosterholt T. T. J. , van Ninhuijs M. A. W. , Daamen K. A. , Staps T. J. A. , Zangrando M. , Luiten O. J. , IJzerman W. L. , Beckers J.
Published: June 2020

For the microwave cavity resonance spectroscopy based non-destructive beam monitor for ionizing radiation, an addition—which adapts the approach to conditions where only little ionization takes place due to, e.g., small ionization cross sections, low gas pressures, and low photon fluxes—is presented and demonstrated. In this experiment, a magnetic field with a strength of 57 ± 1 mT was used to extend the lifetime of the afterglow of an extreme ultraviolet-induced plasma by a factor of ∼5. Magnetic trapping is expected to be most successful in preventing the decay of ephemeral free electrons created by low-energy photons. Good agreement has been found between the experimental results and the decay rates calculated based on the ambipolar and classical collision diffusion models.
Impact of particle arrays on phase separation composition patterns
Authors: Ghosh Supriyo , Mukherjee Arnab , Arroyave Raymundo , Douglas Jack F.
Published: June 2020

We examine the symmetry-breaking effect of fixed constellations of particles on the surface-directed spinodal decomposition of binary blends in the presence of particles whose surfaces have a preferential affinity for one of the components. Our phase-field simulations indicate that the phase separation morphology in the presence of particle arrays can be tuned to have a continuous, droplet, lamellar, or hybrid morphology depending on the interparticle spacing, blend composition, and time. In particular, when the interparticle spacing is large compared to the spinodal wavelength, a transient target pattern composed of alternate rings of preferred and non-preferred phases emerges at early times, tending to adopt the symmetry of the particle configuration. We reveal that such target patterns stabilize for certain characteristic length, time, and composition scales characteristic of the pure phase-separating mixture. To illustrate the general range of phenomena exhibited by mixture-particle systems, we simulate the effects of single-particle, multi-particle, and cluster–particle systems having multiple geometrical configurations of the particle characteristic of pattern substrates on phase separation. Our simulations show that tailoring the particle configuration, or substrate pattern configuration, a relative fluid-particle composition should allow the desirable control of the phase separation morphology as in block copolymer materials, but where the scales accessible to this approach of organizing phase-separated fluids usually are significantly larger. Limited experiments confirm the trends observed in our simulations, which should provide some guidance in engineering patterned blend and other mixtures of technological interest.
How different are the dynamics of nanoconfined water?
Authors: Mondal Sayantan , Bagchi Biman
Published: June 2020

We unravel the combined effects of confinement and surface interactions by studying the position dependent, time-resolved dynamic response functions in nano-containers of different shapes. Spectroscopic signatures are additionally studied through solvation dynamics by placing ionic and dipolar probes at varying distances from the enclosing surface. We find that the confined water molecules exhibit exotic dynamical features and stark differences from that in the bulk liquid. We employ atomistic molecular dynamics simulation to obtain the solvation time correlation function, non-Gaussian parameter, and non-linear response function that reveal the existence of heterogeneous and non-exponential dynamics with a strong sensitivity to both the size and the shape of the enclosure. Importantly, the slower long-time decay constant exhibits a non-monotonic spatial dependence. The initial ultrafast component is reminiscent of the same in the bulk, but it is found to have a different origin in the present systems. We perform shell-wise analyses to understand the microscopic origin of these observations and the range of the propagation of the surface induced effects.
An improved parametric model for hysteresis loop approximation
Authors: Lapshin Rostislav V.
Published: June 2020

A number of improvements have been added to the existing analytical model of hysteresis loops defined in parametric form. In particular, three phase shifts are included in the model, which permits us to tilt the hysteresis loop smoothly by the required angle at the split point as well as to smoothly change the curvature of the loop. As a result, the error of approximation of a hysteresis loop by the improved model does not exceed 1%, which is several times less than the error of the existing model. The improved model is capable of approximating most of the known types of rate-independent symmetrical hysteresis loops encountered in the practice of physical measurements. The model allows building smooth, piecewise-linear, hybrid, minor, mirror-reflected, inverse, reverse, double, and triple loops. One of the possible applications of the model developed is linearization of a probe microscope piezoscanner. The improved model can be found useful for the tasks of simulation of scientific instruments that contain hysteresis elements.
Drought and frost resistance vary between evergreen and deciduous Atlantic Forest canopy trees
Authors: di Francescantonio Débora , Villagra Mariana , Goldstein Guillermo , Campanello Paula I.
Published: June 2020

Frost and drought are key stress factors limiting the growth and distribution of tree species. Resistance to stress involves energy costs that may result in trade-offs between different functional traits. Structures or mechanisms that can help to withstand stress imply differences in the carbon economy of the species. Although adaptive responses to frost and drought resistance are usually of a similar nature, they are rarely assessed simultaneously. We investigated these resistance mechanisms in 10 canopy tree species coexisting in the semi-deciduous subtropical forests of northern Argentina. We measured leaf lifespan, anatomical, photosynthetic and water relations traits and performed a thermal analysis in leaves to determined ice nucleation and tissue damage temperatures. Our results showed that evergreen and deciduous species have different adaptive responses to cope with freezing temperatures and water deficits. Evergreen species exhibited cold tolerance, while deciduous species were more resistant to hydraulic dysfunction and showed greater water transport efficiency. Further research is needed to elucidate resistance strategies to stress factors at the whole tree- and stand level, and possible links with hydraulic safety and efficiency among different phenological groups. This will allow us to predict the responses of subtropical forest species to changes in environmental conditions under climate change scenarios.
Fire, plant species richness and plants of significance to Australian desert Aboriginal people
Authors: Burrows Neil , Rampant Paul , Loewenthal Graham , Wills Allan
Published: June 2020

A survey was undertaken in the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia, to document changes in total plant species richness and the richness of plants of significance to Aboriginal people, with time since fire. Species richness was highest in the early post-fire seral stages, then declined with time as ‘fire ephemerals’ completed their life cycle. Culturally significant plants, which comprised ~42% of all plants recorded, were found in all seral stages but were most abundant in the early stages post fire. A fine-scale mosaic of seral stages created by frequent patch burning provides a higher variety of plant resources per unit area, increasing harvesting efficiency of culturally important plants.
Three dimensions of scientific impact
Authors: Siudem Grzegorz , Żogała-Siudem Barbara , Cena Anna , Gagolewski Marek
Published: June 2020

The growing popularity of bibliometric indexes (whose most famous example is the
h
index by J. E. Hirsch [J. E. Hirsch,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
102, 16569–16572 (2005)]) is opposed by those claiming that one’s scientific impact cannot be reduced to a single number. Some even believe that our complex reality fails to submit to any quantitative description. We argue that neither of the two controversial extremes is true. By assuming that some citations are distributed according to the rich get richer rule (success breeds success, preferential attachment) while some others are assigned totally at random (all in all, a paper needs a bibliography), we have crafted a model that accurately summarizes citation records with merely three easily interpretable parameters: productivity, total impact, and how lucky an author has been so far.
Cryogenic single-molecule fluorescence annotations for electron tomography reveal in situ organization of key proteins in
Caulobacter
Authors: Dahlberg Peter D. , Saurabh Saumya , Sartor Annina M. , Wang Jiarui , Mitchell Patrick G. , Chiu Wah , Shapiro Lucy , Moerner W. E.
Published: June 2020

Superresolution fluorescence microscopy and cryogenic electron tomography (CET) are powerful imaging methods for exploring the subcellular organization of biomolecules. Superresolution fluorescence microscopy based on covalent labeling highlights specific proteins and has sufficient sensitivity to observe single fluorescent molecules, but the reconstructions lack detailed cellular context. CET has molecular-scale resolution but lacks specific and nonperturbative intracellular labeling techniques. Here, we describe an imaging scheme that correlates cryogenic single-molecule fluorescence localizations with CET reconstructions. Our approach achieves single-molecule localizations with an average lateral precision of 9 nm, and a relative registration error between the set of localizations and CET reconstruction of ∼30 nm. We illustrate the workflow by annotating the positions of three proteins in the bacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
: McpA, PopZ, and SpmX. McpA, which forms a part of the chemoreceptor array, acts as a validation structure by being visible under both imaging modalities. In contrast, PopZ and SpmX cannot be directly identified in CET. While not directly discernable, PopZ fills a region at the cell poles that is devoid of electron-dense ribosomes. We annotate the position of PopZ with single-molecule localizations and confirm its position within the ribosome excluded region. We further use the locations of PopZ to provide context for localizations of SpmX, a low-copy integral membrane protein sequestered by PopZ as part of a signaling pathway that leads to an asymmetric cell division. Our correlative approach reveals that SpmX localizes along one side of the cell pole and its extent closely matches that of the PopZ region.
Common genetic susceptibility loci link PFAPA syndrome, Behçet’s disease, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Manthiram Kalpana , Preite Silvia , Dedeoglu Fatma , Demir Selcan , Ozen Seza , Edwards Kathryn M. , Lapidus Sivia , Katz Alexander E. ,   The Genomic Ascertainment Cohort, Feder Henry M. , Lawton Maranda , Licameli Greg R. , Wright Peter F. , Le Julie , Barron Karyl S. , Ombrello Amanda K. , Barham Beverly , Romeo Tina , Jones Anne , Srinivasalu Hemalatha , Mudd Pamela A. , DeBiasi Roberta L. , Gül Ahmet , Marshall Gary S. , Jones Olcay Y. , Chandrasekharappa Settara C. , Stepanovskiy Yuriy , Ferguson Polly J. , Schwartzberg Pamela L. , Remmers Elaine F. , Kastner Daniel L. , Ascher David P. , Biesecker Leslie G. , Chan Priscilla , Conrads Thomas P. , Johnston Jennifer J. , Katz Alexander E. , Lewis Katie L. , Maxwell G. Larry , Paschall Justin , Shiferaw Henoke , Wolfsberg Tyra G. , Wong Wendy S.W. , Zhang Suiyuan
Published: June 2020

Significance

In this report we identify genetic susceptibility variants for periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome, the most common periodic fever syndrome in children. PFAPA shares risk loci atIL12A,STAT4, IL10, andCCR1-CCR3with Behçet’s disease and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, defining a family of Behçet’s spectrum disorders. DifferentialHLAassociations along this spectrum may determine where individual phenotypes fall among the Behçet’s spectrum disorders.
Oxidation promoted osmotic energy conversion in black phosphorus membranes
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Panpan , Yang Sheng , Zhang Tao , Löffler Markus , Shi Huanhuan , Lohe Martin R. , Feng Xinliang
Published: June 2020

Significance

Engineering two-dimensional (2D) membranes has been an effective approach to boost the harvesting of the “blue” osmotic energy between river water and sea water. Here we show the oxidation of black phosphorus (BP) can be fully utilized for osmotic energy conversion, which stands in contrast to using BP for electronic applications where the ambient stability is a major concern. Through controllable oxidation in water, power output of the BP membrane can be largely promoted by ∼220% to 1.6 W/m
2
. Moreover, construction of a heterostructure membrane with graphene oxide greatly enhances the charge separation efficiency, contributing to improved performance of ∼4.7 W/m
2
that outperforms most of the 2D membranes. This work highlights BP as an attractive material for nanofluidic energy conversion.
Formulaicity without expressed multiword units
Authors: Tao Hongyin
Published: June 2020

In this chapter, I investigate three types of formulaic structure that can be
characterized as underspecified with elliptical materials and lacking the
kind of expressed multiword units as typically conceived. The elliptical or
source structures are shown to manifest in different unit sizes: (a) simple
constituents such as modifiers/quantifiers, (b) phrasal units of various
types, and (c) larger clausal units or complex turn-constructional units and
the use of conjunctions. As elliptical forms of formulaic expressions are
found at multiple levels of linguistic structure, this chapter raises a
range of theoretical questions concerning formulaicity, including the
prevailing conceptualization of formulaic language or fixed expression,
proportions of prefabricated constructions in human language, mechanisms of
storage and retrieval, as well as cross-linguistic properties of formulaic
language.
Study of the possibilities with combinations of circularly and linearly polarized light for attosecond delay investigations
Authors: Sörngård J , Dahlström J M , Lindroth E
Published: June 2020

We present calculations on the atomic delay in photoionzation obtained with different combinations of linearly and circularly polarized light, and show how a tensor operator approach can be used to readily obtain results for any combination from a single calculation of the radial integrals. We find that for certain choices of polarization and detection geometry a single time-delay measurement is enough to extract the atomic delay since the relative phase in a RABBIT type measurement will be imprinted on the photo electron anisotropy. We show further that the full angular dependence can be qualitatively understood from a plane wave analysis. The results are illustrated by many-body calculations of two-photon above threshold ionization on argon.
Design of a dual-port, side-incident microwave probe for detection of in-pipe damage
Authors: Chen Guanren , Katagiri Takuya , Yusa Noritaka , Hashizume Hidetoshi
Published: June 2020

This study reports on a dual-port, side-incident microwave probe dedicated to the non-destructive inspection of metal pipes. Two types of side-incident probes (LJ and JL) are proposed to emit TM01- and TM02-mode microwaves into the pipe under test, and each type of probe has two ports used to inspect in two opposite directions. Numerical simulations are conducted to study the dimensional parameters affecting the transmission characteristics of the probe and optimize the probe to obtain better mode purity and transmission directivity. The simulation results also suggest that the optimal probe dimensions for one inner pipe diameter can be applied to another diameter by multiplying the dimensions by a factor that is determined by the ratio of two diameters. Two LJ-type, side-incident probes, one with an inner diameter of 19 mm and one of 39 mm, are fabricated according to the simulation results. Experimental verification is subsequently carried out to test the detection directivity of the probes by detecting the short pipes with partially milled damage situated on both sides of both probes. Experimental results show that the proposed dual-port, side-incident probe can effectively detect the in-pipe damage on either side of the probe using the corresponding port and thus realize the directional pipe inspection. Furthermore, this method shows a potential to be applied to various inner pipe diameters.
A measuring method for micro force based on MEMS planar torsional spring
Authors: Wu Jian , Liu Tonggang , Wang Kesheng , Sørby Knut
Published: June 2020

In order to measure the micro force in a micro-nano device, a new measuring method for micro force is introduced. In this paper, a measuring system based on a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) planar torsional spring is presented, which contains a support block, MEMS planar torsional spring, a support arm, and a laser displacement detection system. The micro force has been obtained by measuring the moving distance of the light spot which is reflected by the MEMS planar torsional spring. The spring sample has been prepared with laser processing technology, and the stiffness is obtained by theoretical calculation, simulation, and calibration. The results show that the torsional stiffness of the MEMS planar torsional spring is 3.7181 Nm rad−1. The measurement system has a measuring range of ±159 mN. The maximum error of mean in repeated measurement is 1.25% of the reference value, and the repeatability standard deviation is a maximum 4.44% of the reference value.
Alkali-cation-incorporated and functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for methyl blue removal/decomposition
Authors: Singh N Joseph , Wareppam Boris , Ghosh Subrata , Sahu B Prasad , AjiKumar P K , Singh H Premjit , Chakraborty Soumee , Pati S S , Oliveira A C , Barg Suelen , Garg V K , Singh L Herojit
Published: June 2020

Enhancing the rate of decomposition or removal of organic dye by designing novel nanostructures is a subject of intensive research aimed at improving waste-water treatment in the textile and pharmaceutical industries. Despite radical progress in this challenging area using iron-based nanostructures, enhancing stability and dye adsorption performance is highly desirable. In the present manuscript alkali cations are incorporated into iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to tailor their structural and magnetic properties and to magnify methyl blue (MB) removal/decomposition capability. The process automatically functionalizes the IONPs without any additional steps. The plausible mechanisms proposed for IONPs incubated in alkali chloride and hydroxide solutions are based on structural investigation and correlated with the removal/adsorption capabilities. The MB adsorption kinetics of the incubated IONPs is elucidated by the pseudo second-order reaction model. Not only are the functional groups of –OH and –Cl attached to the surface of the NPs, the present investigation also reveals that the presence of alkali cations significantly influences the MB adsorption kinetics and correlates with the cation content and atomic polarizability.
N2–H2 capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges at low pressure: II. Modeling results: the relevance of plasma-surface interaction
Authors: Jiménez-Redondo Miguel , Chatain Audrey , Guaitella Olivier , Cernogora Guy , Carrasco Nathalie , Alves Luis Lemos , Marques Luis
Published: June 2020

In this work, we present the results of simulations carried out for N2–H2 capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharges, running at low pressure (0.3–0.9 mbar), low power (5–20 W), and for amounts of H2 up to 5%. Simulations are performed using a hybrid code that couples a two-dimensional time-dependent fluid module, describing the dynamics of the charged particles in the discharge, to a zero-dimensional kinetic module, that solves the Boltzmann equation and describes the production and destruction of neutral species. The model accounts for the production of several vibrationally and electronic excited states, and contains a detailed surface chemistry that includes recombination processes and the production of NH
x
molecules. The results obtained highlight the relevance of the interactions between plasma and surface, given the role of the secondary electron emission in the electrical parameters of the discharge and the critical importance of the surface production of ammonia to the neutral and ionic chemistry of the discharge.
From micro- to macrorealism: addressing experimental clumsiness with semi-weak measurements
Authors: Pandey Devashish , Oriols Xavier , Albareda Guillermo
Published: June 2020

We propose a protocol that allows to assess the precise correspondence between thought and practical experiments, a critical point for addressing experimental clumsiness in a test of macro- or micro-realism. Two-time generalized von Neumann measurements of properties

A

and

B

are shown to obey the so-called no-signaling in time condition for initial states defined as an incoherent sum of eigenstates of

A

. An experiment for witnessing the use of this type of measurements in the laboratory is then devised by proving the existence of five conditions that have to be fulfilled by any generalized von Neumann measurement. Ensuring the use of this type of measurements and then testing the no-signaling in time condition for a range of system-meter coupling strengths allows to test realism in a highly reproducible manner and to critically narrow the so-called clumsiness loophole. The resulting protocol is applicable to general (not only dichotomic) variables, and it is employed to show, both analytically for general systems and numerically for a collection of harmonic oscillators, that quantum systems made of a large number of uncorrelated particles are genuinely macrorealist, i.e., realistic with respect to all intensive properties at any time.
Continuous time random walk in a velocity field: role of domain growth, Galilei-invariant advection-diffusion, and kinetics of particle mixing
Authors: Le Vot F , Abad E , Metzler R , Yuste S B
Published: June 2020

We consider the emerging dynamics of a separable continuous time random walk (CTRW) in the case when the random walker is biased by a velocity field in a uniformly growing domain. Concrete examples for such domains include growing biological cells or lipid vesicles, biofilms and tissues, but also macroscopic systems such as expanding aquifers during rainy periods, or the expanding Universe. The CTRW in this study can be subdiffusive, normal diffusive or superdiffusive, including the particular case of a Lévy flight. We first consider the case when the velocity field is absent. In the subdiffusive case, we reveal an interesting time dependence of the kurtosis of the particle probability density function. In particular, for a suitable parameter choice, we find that the propagator, which is fat tailed at short times, may cross over to a Gaussian-like propagator. We subsequently incorporate the effect of the velocity field and derive a bi-fractional diffusion-advection equation encoding the time evolution of the particle distribution. We apply this equation to study the mixing kinetics of two diffusing pulses, whose peaks move towards each other under the action of velocity fields acting in opposite directions. This deterministic motion of the peaks, together with the diffusive spreading of each pulse, tends to increase particle mixing, thereby counteracting the peak separation induced by the domain growth. As a result of this competition, different regimes of mixing arise. In the case of Lévy flights, apart from the non-mixing regime, one has two different mixing regimes in the long-time limit, depending on the exact parameter choice: in one of these regimes, mixing is mainly driven by diffusive spreading, while in the other mixing is controlled by the velocity fields acting on each pulse. Possible implications for encounter–controlled reactions in real systems are discussed.
Algorithms for using silicon steps for scanning probe microscope evaluation
Authors: Garnæs J , Nečas D , Nielsen L , H Madsen M , Torras-Rosell A , Zeng G , Klapetek P , Yacoot A
Published: June 2020

The 2019 update to the Mise en Pratique for the metre adopted the lattice parameter of silicon as a secondary realisation of the metre for dimensional nanometrology. One route for this realisation is the use of amphitheatre like monoatomic steps of silicon. In response, in this paper we present new algorithms for one- and two-dimensional analysis of atomic force microscope images of these large area atomic terraces on the surface of silicon. These algorithms can be used to determine the spacing between the steps and identify errors in AFM scanning systems. Since the vertical separation of the steps is of the same order of magnitude as many errors associated with AFMs great care is needed in processing AFM measurements of the steps. However, using the algorithms presented in this paper, corrections may be made for AFM scanner bow and waviness as well as taking into account the edge effects on the silicon steps. Applicability of the data processing methods is demonstrated on data sets obtained from various instruments. Aspects of steps arrangement on surface and its impact on uncertainties are discussed as well.
A multimodal approach to capture post-stroke temporal dynamics of recovery
Authors: Pierella Camilla , Pirondini Elvira , Kinany Nawal , Coscia Martina , Giang Christian , Miehlbradt Jenifer , Magnin Cécile , Nicolo Pierre , Dalise Stefania , Sgherri Giada , Chisari Carmelo , Van De Ville Dimitri , Guggisberg Adrian , Micera Silvestro
Published: June 2020

Objective.Several training programs have been developed in the past to restore motor functions after stroke. Their efficacy strongly relies on the possibility to assess individual levels of impairment and recovery rate. However, commonly used clinical scales rely mainly on subjective functional assessments and are not able to provide a complete description of patients’ neuro-biomechanical status. Therefore, current clinical tests should be integrated with specific physiological measurements, i.e. kinematic, muscular, and brain activities, to obtain a deep understanding of patients’ condition and of its evolution through time and rehabilitative intervention.Approach.We proposed a multivariate approach for motor control assessment that simultaneously measures kinematic, muscle and brain activity and combines the main physiological variables extracted from these signals using principal component analysis (PCA). We tested it in a group of six sub-acute stroke subjects evaluated extensively before and after a four-week training, using an upper-limb exoskeleton while performing a reaching task, along with brain and muscle measurements.Main results.After training, all subjects exhibited clinical improvements correlating with changes in kinematics, muscle synergies, and spinal maps. Movements were smoother and faster, while muscle synergies increased in numbers and became more similar to those of the healthy controls. These findings were coupled with changes in cortical oscillations depicted by EEG-topographies. When combining these physiological variables using PCA, we found that (i) patients’ kinematic and spinal maps parameters improved continuously during the four assessments; (ii) muscle coordination augmented mainly during treatment, and (iii) brain oscillations recovered mostly pre-treatment as a consequence of short-term subacute changes.Significance.Although these are preliminary results, the proposed approach has the potential of identifying significant biomarkers for patient stratification as well as for the design of more effective rehabilitation protocols.
Towards validated MHD modeling of edge harmonic oscillation in DIII-D QH-mode discharges
Authors: Pankin A.Y. , King J.R. , Kruger S.E. , Chen Xi , Burrell K.H. , Garofalo A.M. , Groebner R. J. , McKee G.R. , Yan Z.
Published: June 2020

The extended-MHD NIMROD code (Sovinec C.R. and King J.R. 2010 J. Comput. Phys.
229 5803) is used to simulate the dynamics of an edge harmonic oscillation (EHO) in quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) DIII-D (Luxon J.L. 2002 Nucl. Fusion
42 614) discharge 163 518. EHOs observed in non-linear MHD simulations have n = 1 and n = 2 as dominant modes akin the DIII-D experiment. Kinetic equilibrium reconstructions during the time of the fully-developed EHO include the effect of the MHD profile relaxation and are found below the stability boundary. This paper discusses methods to include additional instability drives to the experimental equilibria in order to trigger EHO formation. The experimental equilibrium for the DIII-D discharge 163 518 is modified to include two levels of instability drive by increasing the experimental pressure gradient. In order to do a more direct comparison of the simulation results with the experiment, a synthetic BES diagnostic is used to compute cross-correlation and cross-power spectral densities associated with the simulated density perturbations. It is shown that the amplitude of the experimental density perturbations is between the computed density perturbation amplitude for the two levels of instability drive. The synthetic cross-power spectral density shows a transition from a double to a single peak in frequency when the BES analysis shifts from near the LCFS towards the steep gradient region of the pedestal. This observation is similar to the experiment, but the first peak frequency for the weak instability drive is found below the experimental frequencies, and the second peak for the strong instability drive is found above the experimental peak frequencies. However, these peak frequencies are in agreement with the local flow estimate and a MHD turbulence bursty behavior in the simulations with the strong instability drive.