bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen-doped carbon dots for efficient deep-blue light-emitting diodes with CIE closely approaching the HDTV standard color Rec.BT.709
Authors: Huang Peng , Li Ming-Zhu , Wen Chun-Fa , Zhou Hang-Yue , Jian Jing-Xin , Tong Qing-Xiao
Published: June 2023

Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots for efficient deep-blue light-emitting diodes with EQE of 1.74%, maximum luminance of 1155.0 cd m−2 and CIE of (0.16, 0.08).
Access to distal meta-C–H functionalization of arylmethanesulfonic acid derivatives
Authors: Srinivas Dasari , Mounika Kurella , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: June 2023

Herein, we report the meta-C–H olefination of arylmethanesulfonates aided by a potentially versatile aliphatic nitrile-directing group under microwave irradiation conditions with fair to very good yields and good to outstanding regioselectivities.
Synthetic approaches and electrocatalytic reactions of pristine metal–organic frameworks for energy conversion
Authors: Mani Prabu , Son Younghu , Yoon Minyoung
Published: June 2023

Collective information on the electrocatalytic activity, selectivity, durability, and reaction mechanisms of the pristine MOF-based catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions such as ORR, OER, HER, and CO2RR is presented.
Nanoarchitectonics of metal oxide materials for sustainable technologies and environmental applications
Authors: Barreca Davide , Maccato Chiara
Published: June 2023

This overview, summarizing recent progresses in the fabrication of multi-functional oxide nanomaterials for sustainable and environmental end-uses, sheds light on the interplay between their chemico-physical features and functional properties.
Crystallization behavior and crystal characterization of V-spinel in vanadium slag via in situ separation: displacement mechanism of V and Ti
Authors: Feng Guoliang , Gao Jintao , Lan Xi , Li Yu , Guo Zhancheng
Published: June 2023

The crystallization behavior, in situ separation, and crystal structure of V-spinel in vanadium slag were studied and the displacement mechanism of V and Ti in V-spinel was revealed.
Cellulose-templated Bi2SiO5nanorods with enhanced UV/vis light utilization efficiency for high-performance photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants
Authors: Cai Yiyan , Zhang Shuo , Zhu Weizhi , Fang Haohang , Wang Hongjie , Shi Shaohong , Sun Jianping , Wu Yiqiang , Cheng Fangchao
Published: June 2023

Cellulose-templated Bi2SiO5nanorods with enhanced UV/vis light utilization efficiency for high-performance photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants.
Probing the local structure of FLiBe melts and solidified salts by in situ high-temperature NMR
Authors: Fu Xiaobin , Liu Yiyang , Huang Hailong , Wu Huiyan , Sun Jianchao , Han Ling , Ge Min , Qian Yuan , Liu Hongtao
Published: June 2023

The local strcuture of 2LiF-BeF2 (FLiBe) salt melt is investigated in detail using HT-NMR method, which is comprised of a series of tetrahedral coordinated ionic clusters (e.g., BeF42−, Be2F73−, Be3F104−, and polymeric intermediate-range units.
The role of oxygen vacancies in the performance of LiMn2O4 spinel cathodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Jing , Xing Haiyang , Hou Wenqiang , Xu Youlong
Published: June 2023

The effect of oxygen defects on the conductivity of lithium spinel manganate and the diffusion of lithium ions.
Amidoboronates: bringing together the synthesis of BN-heterocyclesviaa reductive coupling and dynamic covalent chemistry
Authors: McConnell Anna J.
Published: June 2023

This Perspective discusses the synthesis of amidoboronates and the dynamic covalent chemistry of the C–C, B–N and B–O bonds.
Sustainability of drying technologies: system analysis
Authors: Martynenko Author Alex , Alves Vieira Gustavo Nakamura
Published: June 2023

Sustainability is a multi-dimensional indicator of the impact of current human activities on future generations.
Biobased sunscreen fabrication using Zn-porphyrins from engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Ko Young Jin , Oh Jeong-Joo , Han Sung Ok
Published: June 2023

The cream containing biobased Zn-porphyrins exhibited excellent UV blocking properties, particularly in the UV-A range. A broad-spectrum natural sunscreen was developed by incorporating biobased Zn-porphyrins and lignins from lignocellulosic biomass.
A novel tandem reactor design based on nano-Cu electrocatalysts and microbial biocatalysts for converting CO2 into ethylene and acetate
Authors: Liu Juan , Guo Xiaoxiao , Lyu Zhaoyuan , Song Rong-Bin , Zhou Pengyu , Ding Shichao , Zhou Yang , Jiang Li-Ping , Lin Yuehe , Zhu Wenlei
Published: June 2023

An electron-bio tandem reactor is assembled with Cu catalysts and microorganisms. Ethylene is produced in the gas phase, and the byproducts such as HCOOH, CO, and H2 can be recycled as electron donors for acetate biosynthesis via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway.
Catalyst-free racemic and H2O/CPA-catalyzed asymmetric regio-reversed domino processes of triketone enones with azlactones
Authors: Fu Yun-Dong , Gao Xiang , Jia Shi-Kun , Xiao Xiao , Wang Min-Can , Huang Lihua , Mei Guang-Jian
Published: June 2023

The first regio-reversed domino processes of triketone enones with azlactones are established leading to the formation of a variety of bicyclic furofurans bearing vicinal quaternary carbons in good to excellent yields.
Fluorine mapping via LA-ICP-MS/MS: a proof of concept for biological and geological specimens
Authors: Clases David , Gonzalez de Vega Raquel , Parnell John , Feldmann Jörg
Published: June 2023

The addition of a wet aerosole containing Ba2+ enables the imaging of F in biological and geological samples via LA-ICP-MS/MS.
Pore volume regulated CO2 adsorption in C–C bonded porous organic frameworks
Authors: Singh Himan Dev , Singh Piyush , Rase Deepak , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan
Published: June 2023

Three C–C bonded porous organic polymers are assembled by reacting rigid monomers (triformylphenol, triformylphloroglucinol, triformylresorcinol) with pyrrole in a catalyst-free solvothermal reaction.
Template-free scalable growth of vertically-aligned MoS2 nanowire array meta-structural films towards robust superlubricity
Authors: Shi Jing , Zhao Runqiang , Yang Zaixiu , Yang Jinzhu , Zhang Wenhe , Wang Chengbing , Zhang Junyan
Published: June 2023

Well-ordered vertically oriented MoS2 nanowire arrays meta-structural film was directly grown on various substrates by one-step sputtering. Owing to the unique topological characteristic, robust superlubricity in a humid ambient is reached.
Anthracene-incorporated cyanostilbene based donor–acceptor systems: intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation induced emission
Authors: Femina Cherumannil , Shanthil M. , Sajith Pookkottu K. , Thomas Reji
Published: June 2023

Anthracene-cyanostilbene based donor–acceptor systems with intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation induced emission properties are reported.
Amorphous tetrazine–triazine-functionalized covalent organic framework for adsorption and removal of dyes
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Kumari Kusum , Singh Saurabh K. , Dholakiya Bharat Z. , Jangir Ritambhara
Published: June 2023

A new amorphous tetrazine–triazine-functionalized covalent organic framework (TzTPT-COF) was developed and employed as a porous adsorbent for the static and dynamic adsorption of small dye molecules, especially methylene blue (MB).
Engineering hierarchical manganese molybdenum sulfide nanosheet integrated cathodes for high-energy density hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Li Chao , Liu Qiong , Liu Lu , Wu Ge , Zhang Yulong , Liu Sihan , Zha Ruhua , Zhang Yu , Li Qing
Published: June 2023

Hierarchical Mn-Mo-S NS integrated cathodes have been fabricated using a facile strategy. The all-solid-state Mn-Mo-S NSs//Fe2O3@rGO HSCs deliver excellent energy density and cycling stability.
Spinodal decomposition introduces strain-enhanced thermochromism in polycrystalline V1−xTixO2 thin films
Authors: Belenchuk Alexander , Shapoval Oleg , Roddatis Vladimir , Stroh Karen , Vatavu Sergiu , Wawra Jonas , Moshnyaga Vasily
Published: June 2023

Spinodal decomposition in polycrystalline V0.65Ti0.35O2 films yields a nanocomposite with V- and Ti-rich layers. Strain-enhanced thermochromism due to compression of V-rich phase decreases both the temperature and width of metal–insulator transition.
Highly efficient fixation of carbon dioxide into 2-oxazolidinones under mild conditions by using a reusable ionic liquid/CuI catalyst system
Authors: Egashira Mayumi , Chen Hsiu-Hui
Published: June 2023

A green approach was proposed for fixing CO2 with high efficiency and minimal energy consumption to produce 2-oxazolidinones through a one-pot reaction under mild conditions.
CX-5461-inspired monofunctional platinum RNA polymerase I selective inhibitors with selective lethality in BRCA1-deficient cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Lei , Rong Rui , Ren Xuan-Lin , Xu Ling-Wen , Lian Wen-Jing , Qiao Xin , Xu Jing-Yuan
Published: June 2023

Two platinum Pol I selective inhibitors P1-Q1 and P1-Q2 target the Pol I transcription machinery, facilitate the formation and stabilization of R-loops, induce severe DNA damage, and display synthetic lethality in BRCA1-deficient A549 cells.
In situ growth of MOF-derived nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes on hollow MXene spheres for K-ion storage
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Xia Shuanghong , Tan Tianyu , Zhu Yajing , Li Ling , Zhu Qiancheng , Zhang Wenming
Published: June 2023

A novel anode material for potassium ion batteries, comprising sea urchin-like hollow MXene spheres coupled with N-doped CNTs derived from metal–organic framework, is reported. The hybrid significantly reduces the potassium diffusion barrier.
2D Co-doped MnCr2O4 nanosheets as efficient bifunctional cathode materials for long-life Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Zhu Yuting , Wang Zhongxiao , Gao Jing , Sun Rui , Yin Longwei , Wang Chengxiang , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: June 2023

The lattice distortion is severely distorted when Co and Cr coexist at the octahedral site of spinel. Electrochemical performance tests indicate that the incorporation of Co improves the cycling stability of LOBs.
Accelerating the development of electrocatalysts for electrochemical nitrogen fixation through theoretical and computational approaches
Authors: Wang Shuyue , Qian Chao , Zhou Shaodong
Published: June 2023

Theoretical and computational methods of NRR catalysts at different scales.
Engineering the intermediate adduct phase to control the crystallization of perovskites for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Mateen Muhammad , Li Ziyu , Shi Hongxi , Huang Hao , Khan Danish , Ashraaf Khan Raja Azhar , Rafiq Muhammad , Syed Jawad Ali Shah , Khaliq Afshan , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas , Tsiba Jadel Matondo , Lu Zhangbo , Chi Dan , Huang Shihua
Published: June 2023

This work provides a simple and effective method to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells by replacing DMSO with FAI. As a result, the crystallinity and morphology of the perovskite layer are improved, and a PCE of 20.79% resulted with higher long-term stability.
Facile access to 1-aryl-2,3-naphthalimides via consecutive amidation/dehydro-Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Song Chaoyang , Shen Tingwei , Chen Lingzhu , Li Tingting
Published: June 2023

β-Arylpropiolic acids and primary amines are adopted as starting materials and 1-aryl-2,3-naphthalimide products could be afforded through a consecutive amidation/dehydro-Diels–Alder cascade reaction in a single-pot operation.
Research progress in the preparation of mesophase pitch from fluid catalytic cracking slurry
Authors: Wang Mingzhi , Yang Bei , Yu Tao , Yu Xiaoyan , Rizwan Muhammad , Yuan Xulu , Nie Xinyao , Zhou Xiaolong
Published: June 2023

For the preparation of high-performance pitch-based carbon fibers and other carbon materials, mesophase pitch serves as a high-quality precursor.
Minimal RNA self-reproduction discovered from a random pool of oligomers
Authors: Mizuuchi Ryo , Ichihashi Norikazu
Published: June 2023

An RNA oligomer that self-reproducesviaprebiotically plausible chemistry was identified by examining short random RNA pools. The oligomer exhibits a potential for exponential self-reproduction, similar to the behavior of much larger ribozymes.
2D nanosheets of layered double perovskites: synthesis, photostable bright orange emission and photoluminescence blinking
Authors: Bhardwaj Aditya , Kundu Kaushik , Sasmal Ranjan , Acharyya Paribesh , Pradhan Jayita , Kalita Simanta , Agasti Sarit S. , Biswas Kanishka
Published: June 2023

Few-layer thick 2D nanosheets of Cs4Cd0.6Mn0.4Bi2Cl12 are synthesized via solution-based colloidal method. It displays intense orange emission and distinct suppression of photoluminescence fluctuation with negligible photo-bleaching.
Exploring the degradation pathways of a nickel-rich cathode during high-temperature storage in high-energy lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cha Hyungyeon , Hwang Jaeseong , Lee Taeyong , Kang Jihyeon , Park Minjoon , Cho Jaephil
Published: June 2023

A systematic analysis of the calendar aging behavior of 700 mA h full-cell with nickel-rich LiNi0.88Co0.1Al0.02O under 45 °C and 60 °C for 30 weeks.
Strategically designed trimetallic catalyst with minimal Ru addresses both water dissociation and hydride poisoning barriers in alkaline HER
Authors: Rajan Hashikaa , Anantharaj Sengeni , Kim Jin-Kuk , Ko Min Jae , Yi Sung Chul
Published: June 2023

A highly active alkaline HER electrocatalyst (CoMoRu/CC) is prepared to achieve efficient water dissociation and consequently proton discharge with minimal Ru-content.
Arginine-rich peptides as crystallization inhibitors for sodium urate
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhang QianYa , Du JiaMei , Guo Rong
Published: June 2023

Inhibiting the formation of urate crystals is the key to prevent hyperuricemia from developing into gout.
Shape- and excitation-dependent charge-carrier dynamics in colloidal MAPbI perovskites as nanostripes, nanosheets and nanoplatelets
Authors: Klein Eugen , Rehhagen Chris , Lesyuk Rostyslav , Klinke Christian
Published: June 2023

We present the synthesis of 2D nanostructures with different morphology (nanosheets, nanoplatelets, nanostripes) to improve the optical properties of MAPbI3 and to investigate the corresponding charge-carrier dynamics and recombination processes.
Multi-scale GO/CNT/AlN nanocomposites for high-performance flexible electrothermal film heaters
Authors: Huang Zhaoling , Li Siyuan , Guo Hao , Huang Caiping , Bian Yuyu , Gong Yubing , Huang Jiaqiang , Zeng Qi
Published: June 2023

A novel high-performance flexible heater with a high heating rate through screen printing is proposed based on multi-scale nanocomposites comprised of multi-layer graphene oxide (ML-GO), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and aluminum nitride (AlN).
Exciton dynamics and photoresponse of a CVD-grown WS2/thermally evaporated CsSnBr3 heterostructure
Authors: Mu Haichuan , Tang Jingjian , Wang Ruibin , Qian Min , Guo Qi
Published: June 2023

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC)/metal halide perovskite photodetectors provide a promising new route for the realization of high-performance photodetectors owing to their unique optoelectronic features.
Polarization genes dominated heteroatom-doped graphene aerogels toward super-efficiency microwave absorption
Authors: Huang Xiaogu , Zhang Lan , Yu Gaoyuan , Wei Jiawen , Shao Gaofeng
Published: June 2023

The cellular structure of heteroatom-doped graphene aerogel improves the impedance matching, and the polarization gene dominated cell walls generate a great quantity of polarization sites, synergistically promoting its microwave attenuation.
Thermofluidic investigations of oil natural transformer: Closed‐loop modelling and experimental validation
Authors: Li Yuan , Gao Yiran , Wang Chen , Zhu Chao , Li Ying , Wang Yuankai , Zhang Guanjun
Published: June 2023

Excessively high temperatures inside a power transformer can accelerate the ageing rate and even cause unplanned outages. Accurately estimating the hot‐spot temperature (HST) of a power transformer is important for regulating the load and ensuring long‐term operation. In this study, a closed‐loop model of a 110‐kV product transformer with an oil natural/air forced (ONAF) cooling mode is built to predict HST, in which the compression ratio of windings, equivalent heat source and radiator geometry are considered. According to the flow field of the winding, the ‘dead oil zone’ and reverse oil flow are observed in the horizontal oil channels. The accuracy of the proposed model is experimentally validated by temperature‐rise tests. The results show that the absolute errors between the measured results and simulation are below 5°C, and the average error is ∼2°C. Furthermore, the arrangements of windings and radiators are studied to enhance the oil circulation. By adding 5 washers to the high‐voltage winding, the average temperature can be decreased by 6°C compared with the case without a washer. Elevating the radiator can also mitigate the characteristic temperatures, and the optimal height difference between the radiator and winding centre is suggested to be 0.66 m.
Optimal driving strategies for emergency operation of high‐speed trains using on‐board energy storage systems
Authors: Zhu Yutong , Zhang Bo , Chen Jianan , Liu Weizhi
Published: June 2023

A power outage occurs when there is an interruption to traction power system. In such emergency situations, trains are expected to achieve autonomy operation powered by on‐board energy storage systems (OESS). This paper presents optimization models and methods to find optimal driving strategies for train emergency operation. Specifically, a nonlinear and non‐convex program is first formulated in space‐domain to minimize trip time under the limits of power and energy capacity of OESS. To improve computational efficiency, the time dynamics is removed from constraints and adjoined to the cost function. Furthermore, convex modelling steps are proposed to reformulate the problem as a convex program that can be solved efficiently. A bi‐level algorithm is designed to obtain optimal driving strategies that can arrive at destinations as soon as possible. Compared to energy‐optimal driving strategies, the proposed methods can effectively reduce the trip time.
Optical, impedance, and relaxation response of Fe3+ doped double perovskite solid solution
Authors: Sahoo Lutu , Parida Bichitra Nanda , Nayak Nimai Charana , Parida Rajanikanta
Published: June 2023

In this report, the effect of Fe3+-incorporation on the crystal structure, vibrational, optical, impedance, modulus, and ferroelectric responses of BaBi1.8Fe0.2TiO6 was discussed. According to XRD and SEM studies, the crystal structure is monoclinic single-phase polycrystalline. The vibrational modes identification from the FTIR spectrum concedes different modes of symmetric and/or antisymmetric vibrations which are usual characteristics of perovskite compounds. The UV-visible study outlines strong absorption and weak reflection near UV and the visible spectrum has a cutoff wavelength of 560 nm. The Tauc and Wood relation estimated the direct band gap energy in the absorbance spectra is 2.70 eV, while the diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) method revealed its value in the reflectance spectra as Eg = 2.84 eV. The resulting bandgap energies suggest that they could be used in photocatalysis. The impedance and modulus analysis supports the semiconducting nature and non-Debye kind relaxation phenomenon in the compound. The PE hysteresis loop with non-zero remanent polarization indicates the material's ferroelectric property, which is suitable for memory storage applications.
Coupled mixed finite element and finite volume methods for a solid velocity-based model of multidimensional sedimentation
Authors: Careaga Julio , Gatica Gabriel N.
Published: June 2023

In this paper we introduce and analyze a model of sedimentation based on a solid velocity formulation. A particular feature of the governing equations is given by the fact that the velocity field is non-divergence free. We introduce extra variables such as the pseudostress tensor relating the velocity gradient with the pressure, thus leading to a mixed variational formulation consisting of two systems of equations coupled through their source terms. A result of existence and uniqueness of solutions is shown by means of a fixed-point strategy and the help of the Babuška–Brezzi theory and Banach theorem. Additionally, we employ suitable finite dimensional subspaces to approximate both systems of equations via associated mixed finite element methods. The well-posedness of the resulting coupled scheme is also treated via a fixed-point approach, and hence the discrete version of the existence and uniqueness result is derived analogously to the continuous case. The above is then combined with a finite volume method for the transport equation. Finally, several numerical results illustrating the performance of the proposed model and the full numerical scheme, and confirming the theoretical rates of convergence, are presented.
Advanced Midwifery Practice – ein erweitertes Handlungsfeld
für Hebammen
Authors: Krahl Astrid
Published: June 2023

Die Akademisierung hat den Grundstein gelegt, um die Hebammenpraxis auf hohem
Niveau weiterzuentwickeln und eine zunehmende Spezialisierung auf besondere
Bedürfnisse von Schwangeren, Müttern und ihren Familien zu
erreichen. Doch woher kommt der Begriff „Advanced Midwifery
Practice“ und welche Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten sind
damit verbunden? Ein Überblick.
Zukunft der Universitätsmedizin: Welchen Stellenwert haben Forschung und Lehre noch? – Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Roeth Anjali A. , Jauch Dominik , Boedecker Christian , Huber Tobias , Buhr Heinz J , Klinger Carsten , Sommer Nils , Wachter Nicolas , Hartmann Daniel , Schnitzbauer Andreas , Geis Christian
Published: June 2023

Die Voraussetzungen der Universitätskliniken in Deutschland verändern sich. Gerade in operativen Fächern wird es schwieriger, die 3 Säulen der Universitätsmedizin – Klinik, Forschung und
Lehre – adäquat zu bedienen. Ziel der vorliegenden Umfrage war es, den Status quo der universitären Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie ermitteln, um eine Grundlage für Lösungsvorschläge zu
bieten.

Für diese Onlineumfrage wurden 1505 viszeralchirurgische Ärzt*innen an den 38 Universitätskliniken kontaktiert. Der Fragebogen beinhaltete 29 Fragen zur Klinikstruktur, zur
wissenschaftlichen Motivation, zu Möglichkeiten der Freistellung und zur Wertschätzung der akademischen Leistungen. Ebenso wurden Art und Umfang der Lehrveranstaltungen sowie die Vorbereitung
hierauf ermittelt. Hinsichtlich der Krankenversorgung wurden Art und Anzahl von Diensten sowie der Ablauf der chirurgischen Weiterbildung untersucht.

Durch die online veröffentlichten Daten der einzelnen Kliniken hinsichtlich Anzahl, Geschlecht, Position und akademischem Titel der beschäftigten Ärzt*innen konnte eine Demografie der
universitären Viszeralchirurg*innen erstellt werden. An der Umfrage nahmen 352 Viszeralchirurg*innen teil, was einer Rücklaufquote von 23,4% entspricht. Es antworteten 31 Direktor*innen, 116
Oberärzt*innen, 252 Fachärzt*innen und 138 Assistenzärzt*innen. Von den Teilnehmenden waren 93,5% wissenschaftlich tätig, der Großteil im Bereich der klinischen Datenerhebung. Viele gaben an,
auch in der translationalen und/oder experimentellen Forschung aktiv zu sein, während die Lehrforschung selten benannt wurde. Während ihrer Regelarbeitszeit wissenschaftlich arbeiten zu
können, wurde von 45% bejaht. Die Honorierung dieser Tätigkeit gestaltete sich meist in Form von Freistellung für Kongresse und klinischer Wertschätzung. Die meisten Teilnehmenden waren an 3–4
Lehrveranstaltungen pro Woche beteiligt, wobei 24,4% angaben, darauf nicht adäquat vorbereitet zu werden.

Die Vereinbarkeit der klassischen 3 Säulen Klinik, Forschung und Lehre besitzt weiterhin eine hohe Relevanz. Unter den teilnehmenden Viszeralchirurg*innen besteht eine hohe Motivation,
trotz zunehmenden ökonomischen Druckes Forschung und Lehre nicht zu vernachlässigen. Es müssen allerdings Strukturen geschaffen werden, um Engagement in Forschung und Lehre zu honorieren und
strukturiert zu fördern.
Primär pigmentiertes malignes Melanom in der Harnblase therapiert mit radikaler Urethrozystektomie und adjuvanter Therapie
Authors: Albarghouth Mohamad Hatem , Bothmann Robin , Hamza Amir
Published: June 2023

Das primäre maligne Melanom (PMM) der Harnwege ist eine seltene Entität mit weniger als 50 berichteten Fällen weltweit. Im Nachfolgenden wird der Fall einer 64-jährigen Patientin dargestellt. Diese stellte sich akut über die Notaufnahme unseres Hauses mit einer Makrohämaturie vor. Im Rahmen der weiterführenden Diagnostik konnte ein primäres Melanom in der Harnblase und in der Urethra diagnostiziert werden. Es erfolgte die radikale Urethrozystektomie mit pelviner Lymphadenektomie beidseits mit Ileum-Conduit-Anlage. Anschließend leiteten wir eine adjuvante systemische Therapie mittels Checkpointinhibitoren für ein Jahr ein.
Current Perspectives in Vaginal Laxity Measurement: A Scoping Review
Authors: Aulia Indri , Valeria Michelle
Published: June 2023

This scoping review aimed to identify and categorize the available measurement options for vaginal laxity (VL), their indications of use, and whether these measurements can sufficiently provide objective clinical judgment for cases indicated for vaginal rejuvenation with many treatment options nowadays. Systematic searches were conducted on five electronic databases, manually searching articles' bibliographies and predetermined key journals with no date or study design limitations. We included all studies involving VL in their inclusion criteria, treatment indications, and outcome parameters. We used the Arksey and O'Malley frameworks as the guideline in writing this scoping review. Of the 9,464 articles identified, 66 articles and 11,258 subjects were included in the final analysis. The majority of studies were conducted in obstetrics and gynecology (73%), followed by plastic surgery (10%), medical rehabilitation (4.5%), dermatology (4.5%), and others (8%). Most studies originated from the North American region (30%). The following measurement tools were used: (1) interviews, (2) questionnaires, (3) physical/digital examinations, (4) perineometers, and (5) others. Our results suggested that subjective perception of laxity confirmed by directed interview or questionnaire is sufficient to confirm VL. Additional evaluation of pelvic floor muscle through digital examination or perineometer or other preferred tools and evaluation of sexual function through validated questionnaire (Female Sexual Function Index, Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised, etc.) should follow to ensure holistic care to patients. Future research on the psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of commonly used measurements and the correlation in between subjective and objective measurements should be initiated before their clinical applications.
Carbon Dioxide Level between Nasal High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation and Synchronized Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation after Extubation in Neonates: A Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Baingam Kulthida , Phatigomet Manapat , Thatrimontrichai Anucha , Maneenil Gunlawadee , Dissaneevate Supaporn , Janjindamai Waricha
Published: June 2023

Objective Nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) and synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (sNIPPV) yield a lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) after extubation than nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Our aim was to clarify which of the two was superior.

Study Design We performed a crossover randomized study to evaluate pCO2 level among 102 participants from July 2020 to June 2022. Intubated preterm and term neonates with arterial lines were randomly allocated to nHFOV–sNIPPV or sNIPPV–nHFOV sequences; their pCO2 levels were measured after 2 hours in each mode. Subgroup analyses were performed for preterm (gestational age <37 weeks) and very preterm (gestational age <32 weeks) neonates.

Results The mean gestational age (nHFOV–sNIPPV, 32.8 vs. sNIPPV–nHFOV, 33.5 weeks) and median birth weight (1,850 vs. 1,930 g) did not differ between the sequences. The mean ± standard deviation pCO2 level after nHFOV (38.7 ± 8.8 mm Hg) was significantly higher than that after sNIPPV (36.8 ± 10.2 mm Hg; mean difference: 1.9 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval: 0.3–3.4 mm Hg; treatment effect [p = 0.007] but no sequence [p = 0.92], period [p = 0.53], or carryover [p = 0.94] effects). However, the difference in pCO2 level between the sequences was not statistically significant in the subgroup analyses of preterm and very preterm neonates.

Conclusion After neonatal extubation, the sNIPPV mode was associated with a lower pCO2 level than the nHFOV mode with no significant difference in preterm and very preterm neonates.

Key Points
Evaluation of Postnatal Complications in Clinical and Histological Chorioamnionitis in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Japanese Cohort Study
Authors: Ishida Shuji , Nakanishi Hidehiko , Sekiya Rika , Kawada Kohei , Kosaka Yukako , Yamaguchi Ayano , Ooka Mari ,   On befalf of the Neonatal Research Network of Japan
Published: June 2023

Objective Terminating pregnancy appropriately before the intrauterine infection has progressed may have an improved prognosis for preterm infants. We evaluate how the combination of histological chorioamnionitis (hCAM) and clinical chorioamnionitis (cCAM) affects the short-term prognosis of infants.

Study Design This retrospective multicenter cohort study based on the Neonatal Research Network of Japan included extremely preterm infants born weighing <1,500 g between 2008 and 2018. Demographic characteristics, morbidity, and mortality were compared between the cCAM(−)hCAM(+) and cCAM(+)hCAM(+) groups.

Results We included 16,304 infants. The progression to cCAM in infants with hCAM was correlated with the increase in home oxygen therapy (HOT) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.44) and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) (1.20, 1.04–1.38). Furthermore, increased progression of the hCAM stage in infants with cCAM correlated with an increase in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; 1.05, 1.01–1.11), HOT (1.10, 1.02–1.18), and PPHN (1.09, 1.01–1.18). However, it had a negative impact on hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA; 0.87, 0.83–0.92) and death before discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU; 0.88, 0.81–0.96).

Conclusion Progression to cCAM in infants with hCAM positively correlated with HOT and PPHN. Progression of hCAM staging in infants with cCAM further increases the prevalence of BPD and the need for HOT and PPHN while reducing the prevalence of hsPDA and death before discharge from the NICU. The effects of the progressive hCAM stage in infants with cCAM vary from positive to negative by disease.

Key Points
Social preferences and well-being: theory and evidence
Authors: Iwasaki Masaki
Published: June 2023

Many studies have shown that individuals engage in prosocial behaviors, such as pro-environmental and charitable behaviors, on the basis of their social preferences. But the nature of social preferences has not been well studied, and it has been unclear how they relate to individual well-being. It is important to clarify this linkage so that various policies and laws can maximize social welfare. This study explores the hypothesis that social preferences are in general positively correlated with subjective well-being and that individuals who are more prosocial are happier than individuals who are more proself. This study first presents a theoretical model that mathematically describes the relationship between social preferences and subjective well-being. Then it uses survey data from the United States to empirically examine the relationship between the two. Regression analysis finds a statistically significant positive correlation between prosociality and total well-being, a correlation driven primarily by eudaimonic well-being and hedonic well-being, subdomains of total well-being. The effect size of prosociality on well-being is similar to the effect sizes of parenthood, income, and education, which are important determinants of well-being, thus confirming that prosociality is a crucial determinant of individual well-being.
The exhaust total exergy analysis of compressed natural gas used in an indirect injection diesel engine in different working conditions
Authors: Bayat Yoones , Ghazikhani Mohsen
Published: June 2023

Deficiencies of energy resources, air pollution, and climate change have led to some threats to energy security and human health, making natural gas to be offered as one of the most widespread alternative fuels. The novelties of this experimental study are (i) injecting the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) into the indirect injection diesel engine and measuring the exhaust total exergy, and 2nd law efficiency of a dual-fuel engine via considering the physical and chemical exergy of emissions. (ii) Injecting the CNG with a reduced mole fraction of byproducts decreases the chemical exergy of exhaust emissions that are considered to be wasted in the atmosphere which means the destruction of exhaust exergy that cannot be recycled is declined, and the 2nd law efficiency has been increased. The testbed is provided in the internal combustion engine laboratory of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Replacing 20% diesel fuel mass fraction with natural gas showed that, by the CNG enhancement, the exhaust total exergy has an upward trend which faces maximum variation at 1200 rpm. Also, assuming that excess CO and unburned hydrocarbon can be recovered to reach the level observed in the absence of CNG, the maximum decline in exhaust chemical exergy is related to the speed of 3000 rpm, 25% torque, and 10% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) by 11.7% between 0% and 20% CNG. Also, the most significant increase in second-law efficiency is reported for 3000 rpm, 25% torque, and 10% EGR with a 4.5% increase.
Back focal plane imaging for light emission from a tunneling junction in a low-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscope
Authors: Yu Yun-Jie , Kuai Yan , Fan Yong-Tao , Zhu Liang-Fu , Kong Fan-Fang , Tian Xiao-Jun , Jing Shi-Hao , Zhang Li , Zhang Dou-Guo , Zhang Yao , Zhang Yang , Dong Zhen-Chao
Published: June 2023

We report the design and realization of the back focal plane (BFP) imaging for the light emission from a tunnel junction in a low-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM). To achieve the BFP imaging in a UHV environment, a compact “all-in-one” sample holder is designed and fabricated, which allows us to integrate the sample substrate with the photon collection units that include a hemisphere solid immersion lens and an aspherical collecting lens. Such a specially designed holder enables the characterization of light emission both within and beyond the critical angle and also facilitates the optical alignment inside a UHV chamber. To test the performance of the BFP imaging system, we first measure the photoluminescence from dye-doped polystyrene beads on a thin Ag film. A double-ring pattern is observed in the BFP image, arising from two kinds of emission channels: strong surface plasmon coupled emissions around the surface plasmon resonance angle and weak transmitted fluorescence maximized at the critical angle, respectively. Such an observation also helps to determine the emission angle for each image pixel in the BFP image and, more importantly, proves the feasibility of our BFP imaging system. Furthermore, as a proof-of-principle experiment, electrically driven plasmon emissions are used to demonstrate the capability of the constructed BFP imaging system for STM induced electroluminescence measurements. A single-ring pattern is obtained in the BFP image, which reveals the generation and detection of the leakage radiation from the surface plasmon propagating on the Ag surface. Further analyses of the BFP image provide valuable information on the emission angle of the leakage radiation, the orientation of the radiating dipole, and the plasmon wavevector. The UHV–BFP imaging technique demonstrated here opens new routes for future studies on the angular distributed emission and dipole orientation of individual quantum emitters in UHV.
1/f noise of short-channel indium tin oxide transistors under stress
Authors: Gu Chengru , Hu Qianlan , Li Qijun , Zhu Shenwu , Kang Jiyang , Wu Yanqing
Published: June 2023

In this work, we investigate the reliability and stability of short-channel indium tin oxide (ITO) field-effect transistors through 1/f noise characterization at elevated temperature with positive bias temperature instability (PBTI). The 1/f noise behavior of a short-channel 60-nm-long channel ITO transistor can be described by the carrier number fluctuation model, suggesting that carrier trapping and de-trapping by trap states within the 5 nm thin high-κ HfLaO dielectric are the dominant mechanisms affecting 1/f noise. Small positive threshold voltage shifts of 0.042 and 0.057 V after PBTI measurements of 3000 s at 25 and 85 °C have been obtained, respectively. The higher gate leakage current at elevated temperature leads to an earlier breakdown in the time-dependent dielectric breakdown measurement. Furthermore, 1/f noise after PBTI has also been carried out at elevated temperature, and the degradations after stress can also be attributed to the stress induced traps inside the gate dielectric.
Identification of native defects of 1T-HfTe2
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Li Ji , Li Yongkai , Wang Zhiwei , Xiao Wende , Ma Jie
Published: June 2023

Defects have significant impact on material properties. Identifying the atomic structure is the foundation for defect studies. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and density functional theory simulations, we have studied native defects in the transition-metal dichalcogenide 1T-HfTe2. We find that the dominant single-atom defects are the Te vacancy, Te substitution by residual iodine, and Te substitution by residual oxygen. The defect concentrations have been estimated from the scanning tunneling microscopy images and are explained using the defect formation energies. In addition to those single-atom defects, we have also identified two types of defect complexes, which are composed of Te vacancies. Our work clarifies the defect information of 1T-HfTe2 and thus paves the way for future studies.
Theoretical predictions of the structural stability and property contrast for Sb-rich Ge3Sb6Te5 phase-change materials
Authors: Su Jinhao , Zhang Zhaofu , Wan Xuhao , Yu Wei , Wang Anyang , Zhong Hongxia , Robertson John , Guo Yuzheng
Published: June 2023

Improving the structural stability and property contrast of phase-change materials is important to make phase-change random access memories work in prolonged service stably. Based on the density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we analyze the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Sb-rich amorphous Ge3Sb6Te5, in comparison with the traditional amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5. The results show that excess Sb concentration can promote the formation of wrong bonds, tetrahedrons, and fivefold rings, which are beneficial for the structural stability of amorphous phases. In addition, Ge3Sb6Te5 has a bigger difference in the bandgap and dielectric function between the crystalline and amorphous phases, indicating that excess Sb concentration can improve the electrical and optical property contrast between the two phases. Our calculation will provide a theoretical basis for applying Sb-rich Ge3Sb6Te5 to retain data stably in prolonged service.
Enhanced light extraction for red organic light emitting diodes via PDMS convex lens based on breath figure method
Authors: Zheng Yanqiong , Chen Juncong , Chen Yuhuan , Chen Weian , Zhang Qingyu , Zhao Bingjia , Li Xifeng
Published: June 2023

To inhibit the light loss of substrate mode at the substrate/air interface in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), regular porous polystyrene (PS) template was fabricated via the “Breath figure” method. The structure of porous mold was optimized by adjusting the PS solution concentration from 10 to 60 mg/ml and relative humidity from 60% to 80%. The optimal porous PS mold was achieved at 50 mg/ml PS solution under 70% relative humidity. Then, elastic micro-lens arrays based on transparent elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were obtained via a two-step transferring process from the porous PS mold. The projection experiment exhibits excellent focusing effect of the PDMS convex lens relative to the planar PDMS film. These PDMS micro-lens films were in situ fabricated onto the external face of the red OLED device to extract substrate mode light. By using the PDMS micro-lens array with a height of 1.2 μm and a diameter of 6.7 μm, the OLED device demonstrates an enhancement of 32.7%, 35.6%, 46.5%, and 27.6% for maximum luminance, current efficiency, power efficiency, and external quantum efficiency, respectively, without changing its color purity. The device with PDMS micro-lens exhibits a higher intensity than an ideal Lambertian emission pattern, especially at viewing angles from 30° to 60°. It suggests that the introduction of external micro-lens structure significantly improves the light outcoupling efficiency.
Visualizing electron–phonon and anharmonic phonon–phonon coupling in the kagome ferrimagnet GdMn6Sn6
Authors: Liu Yibing , Han Yadong , Yu Junhong , Zhang Hang , Yin Qiangwei , Lei Hechang , Hu Jianbo , Zhang Dayong
Published: June 2023

Kagome magnet RMn6Sn6 (R = Gd-Tm, Lu) with unusual lattice geometry and breaking of time-reversal symmetry is a promising platform to investigate the interaction of topology and magnetism. Since phonons play a vital role in the coupling between magnetism and topological fermions, a fundamental understanding of phonon dynamics is of great significance in this emerging research field. Here, we report a systematic investigation of ultrafast coherent phonon dynamics in GdMn6Sn6 crystals as a function of temperature and excitation fluence using time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy. When the temperature decreases, the coherent phonon exhibits a hardening trend in frequency with a suppressed decay rate, which can be well-explained by the anharmonic scattering model. Unexpectedly, both the frequency and decay rate of coherent phonons are almost independent of excitation fluence, suggesting a weak electron–phonon scattering process in GdMn6Sn6.
Study of energy gaps and their temperature-dependent modulation in LaCrO3: A theoretical and experimental approach
Authors: Rajalekshmi T. R. , Mishra Vikash , Dixit Tejendra , Sagdeo Pankaj R. , Rao M. S. Ramachandra , Sethupathi K.
Published: June 2023

In the present study, the origin of three energy gaps of lanthanum chromium oxide, one arises due to the charge-transfer gap between O-2p and Cr-3d and two arises from the d–d transitions, is analyzed in detail using the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technique. The spin allowed transitions, such as 4T1(P)→4A2, 4T1(F)→4A2, and 4T2→4A2, and the spin and parity forbidden 2E →4A2 transitions are depicted using a Tanabe–Sugano (T–S) diagram and an absorption spectrum. The high crystal field strength of 3.27 obtained from the T–S diagram provides high directional emission and makes the system suitable for near infrared lasing applications. Moreover, the investigations into the variation of a charge-transfer gap with temperature will provide insights into the modification of numerous optical properties toward development of optoelectronic devices. Using this temperature-dependent diffuse reflectance spectroscopy studies, we have obtained the important optical parameters, such as Urbach energy (Eu) and Urbach focus. Furthermore, first-principles calculations are carried out in order to validate the experimental findings on LaCrO3. The experimental results are in consonance with the charge-transfer gap obtained from the theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the bandgap variation with temperature is fitted using Varshni's relation, and the Debye temperature is calculated.
An efficient performance evaluation method of the traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor’s flexible rotor
Authors: Ren Weihao , Yang Lin , Yang Mojian , Huan Yongjie , Li Huafeng
Published: June 2023

For a traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor, matching the stator with a proper flexible rotor can be challenging because of the actual contact mechanism’s complexity. Due to the lack of effective evaluation and prediction means in the rotor design process, the prototype test is usually needed to truly measure how well it performs, leading to high cost and long design cycle. In order to solve this problem, an efficient performance evaluation method of the flexible rotor based on equivalent contact pressure is proposed. By the key parameters of the flexible rotor’s contact surface (area and pressure), an equivalent pressure model of the contact surface is established, which reveals the influence law of the flexible rotor’s structural parameters on the motor’s output performance. It is doubly verified by dynamics simulation and experiments. The advantage of this method is that without dynamics computation and prototype test, only statics analysis can evaluate the matching score of flexible rotor and target stator quickly and accurately. This study is expected to provide support for the structure design and performance prediction of the traveling wave rotary ultrasonic motor’s rotor, in which significant time and cost savings can be achieved.
Velocity-selected spatial map ion imaging spectrometer for direct imaging of near-surface catalytic activity
Authors: Chandler David W. , Fournier Martin , Smoll Eric J. , Kliewer Christopher J.
Published: June 2023

We propose and demonstrate an approach permitting direct imaging of the spatial distribution of gas-surface reaction products with <60 μm lateral spatial resolution using a velocity filtered ion imaging technique. We demonstrate direct imaging of the density of hydrogen deuteride (HD) molecules desorbed from a patterned platinum (Pt) thin film exposed to molecular beams of hydrogen (H2) and deuterium (D2). Resonance enhanced multiphoton absorption was performed with a 2 + 1 scheme through the E,F state using a nanosecond UV laser at ∼201 nm. The generated cations of HD, D2, and H2 were velocity filtered and accelerated with ion imaging optics toward a multichannel plate and phosphor screen. To reduce the significant image blur caused by the translational energy of the parent molecules, a grounded pinhole with 50 μm diameter is placed at the velocity-mapped imaging plane of the ion optics, which velocity-filters the ions that form the image of the near-surface origination plane, improving the ion imaging resolution by a factor of ∼10. The instrument demonstrates the capability to directly image catalytic output in the gas phase in the near-surface region with tens of micrometers of spatial resolution simultaneously with mass and molecular velocity resolution.
Gapless detection of broadband terahertz pulses using a metal surface in air based on field-induced second-harmonic generation
Authors: Tanaka Shunsuke , Murotani Yuta , Sato Shunsuke A. , Fujimoto Tomohiro , Matsuda Takuya , Kanda Natsuki , Matsunaga Ryusuke , Yoshinobu Jun
Published: June 2023

We investigate second-harmonic generation (SHG) light from a Pt surface in atmosphere under terahertz (THz) pulses. THz pulse-modulated SHG intensity,  ΔI2ω, shows a clear time profile of the THz field, which is similar to that of the conventional electro-optic sampling. The result can be explained by interference between THz field-induced second-harmonic light from air molecules in an optical path and a local oscillator from a Pt surface, whereby heterodyne detection of the THz waveform can be achieved. Using numerical calculations of a wave equation, we discuss the contribution of the Gouy phases of all the pulses, including near-infrared, SHG, and THz pulses, and identification of effective nonlinear susceptibility of the Pt surface. Our method, simply using a polished metal surface and air molecules, does not suffer from phonons or phase matching in solid-state optics and does not require any power supply, bias voltage, or fabrication process, but it offers a simple and gapless sampling method for broadband THz pulses. Here, we demonstrate the gapless detection of a broadband THz pulse in the region of 0.2–20 THz using this method.