bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architect of Polymer Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Suresh Sunil S. , George Kesiya , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K.
Published: March 2019

Polymeric nanocomposites are significant engineering materials predominantly due to their enormous potential to meet a spectrum of applications, particularly in improving the strength-stiffness properties, thermal properties, optical and electrical properties. The exploitation of polymer nanocomposites in the aerospace industry is found to be attractive in recent times, since they can provide significant strength to the components with lightweight characteristics. In addition, a wide variety of polymers can be tuned with carbon and non-carbon-based nanomaterials and deployed as archetypes in the structural components of aerospace applications. Accordingly, this chapter consider the key properties of different nanomaterials in polymers as a function of nano-scale approach. Furthermore, this chapter is also dealing with the challenges that need to surmount the technological enduring of the polymer nanocomposites for advancements in the aerospace structural applications in the coming future.
The Roots of Rivalry
Authors: Tyler B. David , Cobbs Joe , Xantos Yasmine K.
Published: March 2019

This chapter provides a foundation for those new to rivalry inquiry. First, it introduces seminal social psychology concepts, such as group identity, social identity theory, social categorization theory, and ingroup/outgroup formation. Next, the chapter explains three properties of rivalry and the 100-point single-item measure of rivalry intensity. Study 1 examines these in new leagues (MLB, MLS, NBA), finding robust support for rivalry as 1) non-exclusive (fans perceive multiple rivals), 2) continuous in scale (intensity varies among rivals), and 3) bidirectional (opposing fans rarely share equivalent perceptions of the rivalry). Study 2 explains 11 rivalry antecedents and investigates their manifestation within five sport leagues (MLB, MLS, NBA, NFL, NHL). These are, in descending order of influence: frequency of play, defining moments, recent parity, star factors, geography, relative dominance, historical parity, competition for personnel, cultural difference, unfairness, and cultural similarity. The authors close by noting limitations and future directions for rivalry research.
Self-Conscious Emotions and Fans
Authors: Partridge Julie of
Published: March 2019

This chapter provides background and context for the importance of self-conscious emotions, particularly shame, pride, and envy/jealousy, in understanding fan behaviors. Particular attention is provided to how self-conscious emotions are elicited, how they differ from basic emotions such as anger and joy, the adaptive and maladaptive purposes that they each serve, how social identity and vicarious experience are connected to self-conscious emotions, and how researchers can utilize these topics to better understand fans and fan behaviors.
Detecting DDoS Attacks on Multiple Network Hosts
Authors: Xylogiannopoulos Konstantinos F. , Karampelas Panagiotis , Alhajj Reda
Published: March 2019

The proliferation of low security internet of things devices has widened the range of weapons that malevolent users can utilize in order to attack legitimate services in new ways. In the recent years, apart from very large volumetric distributed denial of service attacks, low and slow attacks initiated from intelligent bot networks have been detected to target multiple hosts in a network in a timely fashion. However, even if the attacks seem to be “innocent” at the beginning, they generate huge traffic in the network without practically been detected by the traditional DDoS attack detection methods. In this chapter, an advanced pattern detection method is presented that is able to collect and classify in real time all the incoming traffic and detect a developing slow and low DDoS attack by monitoring the traffic in all the hosts of the network. The experimental analysis on a real dataset provides useful insights about the effectiveness of the method by identifying not only the main source of attack but also secondary sources that produce low traffic, targeting though multiple hosts.
The New Front Line (Enhanced)
Authors: Fisogni Primavera
Published: March 2019

In the hyperconnected world new questions rise about the evolution of global terrorism. This especially refers to the increasing role of the lone actors in terrorist assaults, a phenomenon particularly relevant within the frame of the Islamic State (2014-2017). The perpetrators update not only the global terrorism dynamics, especially ordinariness, but also the category of enemy, in the social media age, where the internet has cancelled any distinction between public and private space, giving rise to a blurring configuration that calls for the rethinking of the referential frame on which the global terrorism narratives are built.
Implementation and Comparative Analysis of k-means and Fuzzy c-means Clustering Algorithms for Tasks Allocation in Distributed Real Time System
Authors: Kumar Harendra , Tyagi Isha
Published: March 2019

Distributing tasks to processors in distributed real time systems is an important step for obtaining high performance. Scheduling algorithms play a vital role in achieving better performance and high throughput in heterogeneous distributed real time systems. To make the best use of the computational power available, it is essential to assign the tasks to the processor whose characteristics are most appropriate for the execution of the tasks in a distributed processing system. This study develops two algorithms for clustering the heavily-communicating tasks to reduce the inter-tasks communication costs by using k-means and fuzzy c-means clustering techniques respectively. In order to minimize the system cost and response time, an algorithm is developed for the proper allocation of formed clusters to the most suitable processor. The present algorithms are collated with problems in literature. The proposed algorithms are formulated and applied to numerous numerical examples to demonstrate their effectiveness.
Simulation Assisted Process Development for Tailored Forming
Authors: Behrens Bernd-Arno , Bonhage Martin , Bohr Dieter , Duran Deniz
Published: March 2019

Transport industry faces challenges steadily due to rising fuel costs and stricter regulations for the emission of air pollutants. Technological developments that reduce fuel consumption are necessary for sustainable and resource-efficient transport. Innovative production technologies utilising multi-material designs come to the fore in an attempt to fabricate lightweight products with extended functionality. Departing from this motivation, novel process chain concepts for the manufacturing of bi-material forged products are being researched at the Leibniz Universität Hannover in the context of the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1153. The developed technology is referred as Tailored Forming and deals with the deformation and subsequent processing of joined hybrid workpieces to produce application-oriented products. Deformation processes are carried out at elevated temperatures for thermomechanical treatment of the joining zone properties. Researchers make use of numerical simulation in each step in the process chains. This paper explains the challenges associated with induction heating and impact extrusion of bi-material forging billets and presents our solution approaches with the aid of numerical modelling. Experimental validation results and analysis of deformed workpieces are also shown.
Approach for the Development of Forming Tools for Radial Rotation Profile-Forming
Authors: Laue Robert , Härtel Sebastian , Awiszus Birgit
Published: March 2019

The incremental forming process Radial Rotation Profile-Forming (RRPF) has been developed to enable the production of profiled hollow parts with low sheet thinning and high geometrical accuracy. As a result of low thinning, a smaller initial sheet thickness can be used, while material and weight can be saved.The two principal forming steps are the production of the preform by Rotational Swing-Folding (RSB) and the subsequent radial profile forming of the hollow part in one clamping position. The special feature are the purposed wrinkles in the first process step, which formed in the indentation of the profiled mandrel. This is an advantage, because of the additional thickening. Due to the radial profiled forming in the second process step, the axial profile can be formed with less thinning.The focus of the article is on the development of the forming tools for the second process step of RRPF. Based on the general law of gearing, the forming tools for the production of a component are developed. First, a forming simulation of an example component validates the approach. For this purpose, some simplifications have been made in order to consider the profile forming process separately. Afterwards, the experimental results of the incremental sheet metal forming process for the production of the profiled hollow parts are presented.
Autonomous Interpretation of the Microstructure of Steels and Special Alloys
Authors: Mulewicz Bartłomiej , Korpala Grzegorz , Kusiak Jan , Prahl Ulrich
Published: March 2019

The main objective of presented research is an attempt of application of techniques taken from a dynamically developing field of image analysis based on Artificial Intelligence, particularly on Deep Learning, in classification of steel microstructures. Our research focused on developing and implementation of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) for classification of different types of steel microstructure photographs received from the light microscopy at the TU Bergakademie, Freiberg. First, brief presentation of the idea of the system based on DCNN is given. Next, the results of tests of developed classification system on 8 different types (classes) of microstructure of the following different steel grades: C15, C45, C60, C80, V33, X70 and carbide free steel. The DCNN based classification systems require numerous training data and the system accuracy strongly depend on the size of these data. Therefore, created data set of numerous micrograph images of different types of microstructure (33283 photographs) gave the opportunity to develop high precision classification systems and segmentation routines, reaching the accuracy of 99.8%. Presented results confirm, that DCNN can be a useful tool in microstructure classification.
Integrin β1 Promotes the Interaction of Murine IgG3 with Effector Cells
Authors: Hawk Carolyn Saylor , Coelho Carolina , Oliveira Diane Sthefany Lima de , Paredes Verenice , Albuquerque Patrícia , Bocca Anamélia Lorenzetti , Correa dos Santos Ananésia , Rusakova Victoria , Holemon Heather , Silva-Pereira Ildinete , Felipe Maria Sueli Soares , Yagita Hideo , Nicola André Moraes , Casadevall Arturo
Published: March 2019

Abs exert several of their effector functions by binding to cell surface receptors. For murine IgG3 (mIgG3), the identity of its receptors (and the very existence of a receptor) is still under debate, as not all mIgG3 functions can be explained by interaction with FcγRI. This implies the existence of an alternate receptor, whose identity we sought to pinpoint. We found that blockage of integrin β1 selectively hampered binding of mIgG3 to macrophages and mIgG3-mediated phagocytosis. Manganese, an integrin activator, increased mIgG3 binding to macrophages. Blockage of FcγRI or Itgb1 inhibited binding of different mIgG3 Abs to variable extents. Our results are consistent with the notion that Itgb1 functions as part of an IgG receptor complex. Given the more ancient origin of integrins in comparison with FcγR, this observation could have far-ranging implications for our understanding of the evolution of Ab-mediated immunity as well as in immunity to microorganisms, pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and Ab engineering.
Expanded CD14hiCD16− Immunosuppressive Monocytes Predict Disease Severity in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Zhang Ruling , Shi Juanjuan , Zhang Rulin , Ni Jianbo , Habtezion Aida , Wang Xingpeng , Hu Guoyong , Xue Jing
Published: March 2019

Mild acute pancreatitis (AP) is a self-limiting disease, whereas severe AP has high mortality because of enhanced systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. In experimental models of AP, infiltration of monocytes and activation of monocyte-derived macrophages largely determine the severity of the disease. Our previous studies have shown that CD11b+Ly-6Chi inflammatory monocytes were mobilized from bone marrow into peripheral blood and inflamed pancreas during the early stage of AP. However, the phenotype and characteristics of circulating monocytes in patients with AP are not well defined. Fifty patients with AP and nine age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Compared with those of healthy volunteers, the proportion of CD14hiCD16− monocytes and the level of myeloid-related cytokines/chemokines were increased in AP patients within 48 h after disease onset, especially in patients with a severe disease course. Moreover, the increased monocyte proportions were associated with decreased HLA-DR expression and a reduced T cell count. Notably, dynamic changes in circulating CD14hiCD16− monocytes and their HLA-DR expression, as well as in CD4+ T cells, were obviously different between moderate severe AP and severe AP. Last, area under the receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the combination of CD14hiCD16− monocyte proportions with their HLA-DR level had higher accuracy for predicting the severity of AP. Taken together, the ratio of CD14hiCD16− monocytes and their HLA-DR level might assist in predicting the severity of disease in AP patients at admission and in monitoring patients’ clinical status during recovery.
Submandibular Sialolithiasis: A Series of Three Case Reports with Review of Literature
Authors: Pachisia Sandeep , Mandal Gaurav , Sahu Sudipto , Ghosh Sucharu
Published: March 2019

One of the most common disorders of the salivary glands is sialolithiasis. A history of pain or/and swelling in the salivary glands, especially during meal suggests this diagnosis. For small and accessible stones conservative therapies like milking of ducts with palliative therapy can produce satisfactory results. Surgical management should be considered when the stone/stones are inaccessible or large in size as conservative therapies turned out to be unsatisfactory. In this paper, we present three cases of sialolithiasis in the submandibular gland along with a review of existing literature. The purpose of this paper is to add three more cases to the literature and review the theories of etiology, clinical features, available diagnostic and treatment procedures.
Uniqueness of the infinite noodle
Authors: Curien Nicolas , Kozma Gady , Sidoravicius Vladas , Tournier Laurent
Published: March 2019

Consider the graph obtained by superposition of an independent pair of uniform infinite non-crossing perfect matchings of the set of integers. We prove that this graph contains at most one infinite path. Several motivations are discussed.
Assessing Entrustable Professional Activities Using an Orientation OSCE: Identifying the Gaps
Authors: CarlLee Sheena , Rowat Jane , Suneja Manish
Published: March 2019

Background 

A residency program's intern cohort is comprised of individuals from different medical schools that place varying levels of emphasis on Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency (CEPAERs). Program directors have expressed concerns about the preparedness of medical school graduates. Though guiding principles for implementation of the CEPAERs have been published, studies using this framework to assess interns' baseline skills during orientation are limited.

Objective 

A CEPAER-based objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was implemented with the aims to (1) assess each intern's baseline clinical skills and provide formative feedback; (2) determine an intern's readiness for resident responsibilities; (3) inform individualized education plans; and (4) address identified gaps through curricular change.

Methods 

During orientation, all 33 interns from internal medicine (categorical, preliminary, and medicine-psychiatry) participated in the OSCE. Six 20-minute stations evaluated 8 EPAs. Faculty completed a global assessment, and standardized patients completed a communications checklist and global assessment. All interns completed a self-assessment of baseline skills and a post-OSCE survey.

Results 

Stations assessing handoffs, informed consent, and subjective, objective, assessment, and plan (SOAP) note were the lowest-performing stations. Interns performed lower in skills for which they did not report previous training. Formal instruction was incorporated into didactic sessions for the lowest-performing stations. The majority of interns indicated that the assessment was useful, and immediate feedback was beneficial.

Conclusions 

This OSCE during orientation offers just-in-time baseline information regarding interns' critical skills and may lead to individualized feedback as well as continuous curricular improvement.
Werner Herzog
Authors: Eldridge Richard
Published: March 2019

Werner Herzog has produced some of the most powerful, haunting, and memorable images ever captured on film. Both his fiction films and his documentaries address fundamental issues about nature, selfhood, and history in ways that engage with but also criticize and qualify the best philosophical thinking about these topics. In focusing on figures from Aguirre, Kasper Hauser, and Stroszek to Timothy Treadwell, Graham Dorrington, Dieter Dengler, and Walter Steiner, among many others, Herzog investigates the nature of human life in time and the possibilities of meaning that might be available within it. His films demonstrate the importance of the image in coming to terms with the plights of contemporary industrial and commercial culture. Eldridge unpacks and develops Herzog’s achievement by bringing his work into engagement with the thinking of Freud, Merleau-Ponty, Nietzsche, Hegel, Cavell, and Benjamin, but more importantly also by attending closely to the logic and development of the films themselves and to Herzog’s own extensive writings about filmmaking.
Saharan dust and biomass burning aerosols during ex-hurricane Ophelia: observations from the new UK lidar and sun-photometer network
Authors: Osborne Martin , Malavelle Florent F. , Adam Mariana , Buxmann Joelle , Sugier Jaqueline , Marenco Franco , Haywood Jim
Published: March 2019

Abstract. On 15–16 October 2017, ex-hurricane Ophelia passed to the
west of the British Isles, bringing dust from the Sahara and smoke from
Portuguese forest fires that was observable to the naked eye and reported in
the UK's national press. We report here detailed observations of this event
using the UK operational lidar and sun-photometer network, established for the
early detection of aviation hazards, including volcanic ash. We also use
ECMWF ERA5 wind field data and MODIS imagery to examine the aerosol
transport. The observations, taken continuously over a period of 30 h,
show a complex picture, dominated by several different aerosol layers at
different times and clearly correlated with the passage of different
air masses associated with the intense cyclonic system. A similar evolution
was observed at several sites, with a time delay between them explained by
their different location with respect to the storm and associated
meteorological features. The event commenced with a shallow dust layer at
1–2 km in altitude and culminated in a deep and complex structure that lasted
∼12 h at each site over the UK, correlated with the storm's warm sector.
For most of the time, the aerosol detected was dominated by mineral dust
mixtures, as highlighted by depolarisation measurements, but an intense
biomass burning aerosol (BBA) layer was observed towards the end of the
event, lasting around 3 h at each site. The aerosol optical depth at
355 nm (AOD355) during the whole event ranged from 0.2 to 2.9, with the
larger AOD correlated to the intense BBA layer. Such a large AOD is
unprecedented in the UK according to AERONET records for the last
20 years. The Raman lidars permitted the measurement of the aerosol
extinction coefficient at 355 nm, the particle linear depolarisation ratio
(PLDR), and the lidar ratio (LR) and made the separation of the dust
(depolarising) aerosol from other aerosol types possible. A specific extinction has
also been computed to provide an estimate of the atmospheric concentration of
both aerosol types separately, which peaked at 420±200 µg m−3 for
the dust and 558±232 µg m−3 for the biomass burning aerosols.
Back trajectories computed using the Numerical Atmospheric-dispersion
Modelling Environment (NAME) were used to identify the sources and strengthen
the conclusions drawn from the observations. The UK network represents a
significant expansion of the observing capability in northern Europe, with
instruments evenly distributed across Great Britain, from Camborne in
Cornwall to Lerwick in the Shetland Islands, and this study represents the
first attempt to demonstrate its capability and validate the methods in use.
Its ultimate purpose will be the detection and quantification of volcanic
plumes, but the present study clearly demonstrates the advanced capabilities
of the network.
Carbon monoxide air pollution on sub-city scales and along arterial roads detected by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument
Authors: Borsdorff Tobias , aan de Brugh Joost , Pandey Sudhanshu , Hasekamp Otto , Aben Ilse , Houweling Sander , Landgraf Jochen
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 Precursor
satellite provides measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) total column
concentrations based on earthshine radiance measurements in the
2.3 µm spectral range with a spatial resolution of
7 km×7 km and daily global coverage. Due to the high
accuracy of the observations, CO pollution can be detected over cities and
industrial areas using single orbit overpasses. In this study, we analyzed
local CO enhancements in an area around Iran from 1 November to 20 December 
2017. We employed the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model v3.8.1
using the EDGAR v4.2 emission inventory and evaluated CO emissions from the
cities of Tehran, Yerevan, Urmia, and Tabriz on a spatial resolution
comparable to that of TROPOMI. For background conditions, the WRF simulation
agrees well with TROPOMI CO, with a mean difference of 5.7 %. However,
the emissions for the city area had to be significantly increased in order to
match the observations. Moreover, significant differences at the sub-city
scale remain. To match the TROPOMI CO observations around the Armenian city
of Yerevan, it is necessary to introduce CO emissions along a southeast
arterial road of Yerevan. Overall, this hints at deficits in the EDGAR
inventory in the region around Iran and indicates TROPOMI's capability to
identify localized CO pollution on sub-city scales, which at the same time
challenges current atmospheric modeling at high spatial and temporal
resolution.
The effect of atmospheric nudging on the stratospheric residual
circulation in chemistry-climate models
Authors: Chrysanthou Andreas , Maycock Amanda C. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Dhomse Sandip , Garny Hella , Kinnison Douglas , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Deushi Makoto , Garcia Rolando R. , Jöckel Patrick , Kirner Oliver , Morgenstern Olaf , Pitari Giovanni , Plummer David A. , Revell Laura , Rozanov Eugene , Stenke Andrea , Tanaka Taichu Y. , Visioni Daniele , Yamashita Yousouke , Zeng Guang
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We perform the first multi-model comparison of the impact of nudged meteorology on the stratospheric residual circulation using hindcast simulations from the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI). We examine simulations over the period 1980–2009 from 5 models in which the meteorological fields are nudged towards reanalysis data and compare with equivalent free-running simulations from 9 models. We show that nudging meteorology does not constrain the mean strength of the stratospheric residual circulation and that the inter-model spread is similar, or even larger, than in the free-running simulations. The nudged simulations also simulate stronger upwelling in the tropical lower stratosphere compared to the residual circulation estimated directly from the reanalyses they are nudged towards. Downward control calculations reveal substantial differences between the mean lower stratospheric tropical upward mass flux (TUMF) computed from the modeled wave forcing and that calculated directly from the residual circulation. Although the mean circulation is poorly constrained, the nudged simulations show a high degree of consistency in the interannual variability of the TUMF in the lower stratosphere, which is related to the contribution to variability from the resolved wave forcing. We apply a multiple linear regression (MLR) model to separate the drivers of interannual and long-term variations in the simulated TUMF. The MLR model explains up to ~ 75 % of the variance in TUMF in the nudged simulations and reveals a statistically significant positive trend for most models in TUMF over the period 1980–2009. Overall, nudging meteorological fields leads to increased inter-model spread for most of the measures of the mean climatological stratospheric residual circulation assessed in this study. Our findings show that while nudged simulations by construction produce accurate temperatures and realistic representations of fast horizontal transport, this is not necessarily the case for the slower zonal mean vertical transport. Consequently, caution is required when using nudged simulations to interpret long-lived stratospheric tracers that are controlled by the residual circulation.
Estimation of phytoplankton pigments from ocean-color satellite observations in the Sénégalo-Mauritanian region by using an advanced neural classifier
Authors: Yala Khalil , Niang Ndeye , Brajard Julien , Mejia Carlos , Ouattara Mory , El Hourany Roy , Crépon Michel , Thiria Sylvie
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We processed daily ocean-color satellite observations to construct a monthly climatology of phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the Senegalo-Mauritanian region. Thanks to the difficulty of the problem, we proposed a new method. It primarily consists in associating, in well-identified clusters, similar pixels in terms of ocean-color parameters and in situ pigment concentrations taken from a global ocean database. The association is carried using a new Self Organized Map (2S-SOM). Its major advantage is to allow taking into account the specificity of the optical properties of the water by adding specific weights to the different ocean color parameters and the in situ measurements. In the retrieval phase, the pigment concentration of a pixel is estimated by taking the pigment concentration values associated with the 2S-SOM cluster presenting the ocean-color satellite spectral measurements, which are the closest to those of the pixel under study according to some distance. The method was validated by using a cross-validation procedure. We focused our study on the fucoxanthin concentration, which is related to the abundance of diatoms. We showed that the fucoxanthin starts to develop in December, presents its maximum intensity in March when the upwelling intensity is maximum, extends up to the coast of Guinea in April and begins to decrease in May. The results are in agreement with previous observations and recent in situ measurements. The method is very general and can be applied in every oceanic region.
Triple Bottom Line Reporting: An Assessment of Sustainability in Banking Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Luke Oluwagbuyi Olusola , Adaramola Anthony Olugbenga
Published: March 2019

Triple bottom-line reporting is an emerging issue in accounting profession in Nigeria that aims at assessing and enhancing corporate performance with regards to sustainability. It widens the scope of traditional reporting which emphasises financial profitability. It considers the contributions of a corporate organisation towards the environmental and social sustainability thereby giving more attention to stake holders than shareholders. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether triple bottom line reporting contributes significantly to sustainability of banking firms in Nigeria. In our analysis of data, the descriptive statistical analysis was used to evaluate the study. 400 questionnaires were administered on the senior and management members of staff in the 22 banks in Nigeria after re-consolidation. The data were analysed using chi-square statistical techniques. Also, annual reports of the 22 banks spanning from 2009-2011 were examined. The findings show that emphasis is still on financial profitability of the banking industry in Nigeria. The study hereby recommends that for sustainability to be enhanced in banking industry in Nigeria, adequate attention should be given to the environmental and social sustainability to complement financial profitability.
Artikelsamling - MNT-konferansen 2019
Authors: Lyng Reidar
Published: March 2019

Complete proceedings for the MNT Conference 2019, 28-29 March, 2019, Tromsø.
“You Think I'm Joking”: Examining the Weaponized Comedy of President Obama's Stand-Up Addresses at the White House Correspondents’ Association Dinner
Authors: Nixon James
Published: March 2019

Satire and stand-up comedy are forms of cultural examination generally perceived as tools used by everyday citizens against the powerful and not by the powerful themselves. This article examines the less-analyzed side of stand-up comedy and satire as malleable instruments of cultural interrogation when employed by powerful agents such as President Obama. Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of carnival and Henri Bergson's concept of humor as a form of social corrective in my textual analysis of his stand-up addresses, this article interprets how Obama's on-the-offensive, comically insulting addresses provided a unique way for him to attempt to normalize political criticisms and controversies, such as the “birther theory” and his administration's drone program. In its interpretation of a substantial satirical and comic strategy within Obama's stand-up addresses, this article reflects on the nature of modern satire and stand-up comedy and their complex relationship with forms of American power.
The Relationship between Hope and Perceived Stress in Teacher Candidates
Authors: Sucan Serdar
Published: March 2019

The long-term and uncontrollable stress of KPSS (Personnel Selection Examination) candidates disrupts their psychology, weakens thinking and decision-making, and thus decreases academic achievement. The aim of this study is; It is the determination of the relationship between the level of hope and perceived stress of teacher candidates prepared for KPSS.A total of 382 teacher candidates participated in a special KPSS preparatory course in Kayseri. Candidate teachers who graduated from different departments and universities are between the ages of 21-25 in 41.6%. When we look at socio-demographic characteristics; 68.4% male; 59.9% single and 51.5% were at medium income level. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Adult Hope Scale (AHS) were administered to the participants. The mean AHS score of the teacher candidates was 27.73±1.92. This shows the high level of hope of the participants. Perceived Stress level was found to be medium at 53.6%. As a result of the analysis, a significant a negative correlation was found between level of hope and perceived stress (p <0.01). According to regression analysis, level of hope in teacher candidates showed a statistically significant positive effect on perceived stress (p <0.01).As a result, negative relationships were found between hope and perceived stress. It is thought that highly hopeful people perceive stress lower and life satisfaction increases. Therefore, in order to increase the level of hope and to reduce the negative effects of stress, educators should support KPSS candidates. Programs related to the high level of hope to be implemented in schools may have positive effects on individuals' low stress and examinations.
Competency Management in the Context of Omani Civil Service Reform & Development
Authors: Albalushi Ahmed , Zaidan Ashraf , Bin Abdul Khadir Fakhrul Adabi , Yusof Muhammed Bin
Published: March 2019

This paper aims to discuss the extent of the application-based management efficiency in the Sultanate of Oman Civil Service, by comparison with the practices and experiences of five systems of the civil service or the public in each of the (United States of America, Canada, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates). Several variables and address are necessary to achieve reform and development in the civil service such as the situation organizational and strategic system competencies, selection and appointment and based on efficiency, performance evaluation based on efficiency as one of the main functions of human resources management in the public sector, and the framework or efficiency model. In order to become a civil service in Amman of the best practices in the efficient management system at the regional and international level, providing more than ten developmental proposals paper to raise the level of the civil service, because the competency's management of important topics in the development of civil service performance, seen as a tool to shift from the traditional bureaucracy to modern organizations.
Investigation of Relationship Between Physical Activity Levels and Quality of Life of University Students
Authors: Gönülateş Süleyman , Ozturk Mehmet Ali
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a positive or negative relationship between the quality of life of the students and their physical activity levels (PAL). A total of 469 students participated in the study (female = 209, male = 260). The physical activity levels of the participants were determined as "International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF)" and their quality of life was determined by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF). In the statistical analysis, parametric tests were used because of the normal and homogeneous distribution of the data. The difference between PAL and quality of life scores was evaluated by MANOVA test. The relationship between PAL and quality of life of the participants was tested by Pearson Correlation test. The overall health status of the participants was 87% (n = 408) good-very good and the level of physical activity was 88.1% (n = 413) moderate-high active. There was no statistically significant difference between the PAL and quality of life scores of the participants. After Pearson Correlation test, there was no correlation between PAL and quality of life at r2 at p
CORRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF NAIL FORM TO TOOTH FORM
Authors: Varghese Shanti , Bhat Vinaya , Joseph Suja , Kumar Arun
Published: March 2019

Aim: This observational study investigated the correlation of nail form to tooth form.Materials and Methods: Measurements of the length and width of left maxillary central incisor and the nail of the left hand’s forefinger of 110 subjects were taken with the help of a calibrated manual vernier caliper. The information obtained was statistically analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test.Results: A positive correlation existed between incisor length and nail length (P = 0.001), and incisor width and nail width (P = 0.001). Consistent relationships were also observed between these measurements.Conclusion: A definite correlation exists between nail form and anterior tooth form. It can be inferred that nail form can be considered amongst other parameters in determining the anterior tooth form.
Het Engelse Supreme Court over het wijzigingsbeding in commerciële contracten
Authors: Schelhaas H.N.
Published: March 2019

Het Engelse Supreme Court over het wijzigingsbeding in commerciële contracten

Medio 2018 deed het Engelse Supreme Court een belangrijke uitspraak over de afdwingbaarheid van een no oral modification clause. In dit artikel wordt deze uitspraak besproken en geconfronteerd met het Nederlandse recht op dit punt.
Het non-concurrentiebeding in de franchiseovereenkomst anno 2019
Authors: Kolenbrander J.H.
Published: March 2019

Het non-concurrentiebeding in de franchiseovereenkomst anno 2019

In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van recente jurisprudentie op het gebied van het non-concurrentiebeding in de franchiseovereenkomst mede in het licht van de Wet franchise.
The activity of the Interdepartmental Commission for Maximum Admissible Concentrations and Intensities for Agents Harmful to Health in the Working Environment in 2018 and the work plan in 2019
Authors: Koradecka Danuta , Skowroń Jolanta
Published: March 2019

In 2018 the Commission met at three sessions, during which 9 documentations for recommended exposure limits of chemical substances, were discussed. Moreover the Commission discussed on: a system for notifying entrepreneurs, employees and inspection bodies of proposals for new or verified binding values (for carcinogenic and mutagenic substances) or indicator values for harmful chemicals in the form of messages, rules for setting limit values for harmful to health chemicals in the working environment, a program to improve working conditions in copper mines of KGHM Polska Miedź SA. and the methodology for determining hygiene standards for active substances of cytostatics, taking into account the uncertainty factor "F". The Commission suggested to the Minister of Family, Labour and Social Policy the following changes in the list of MAC values: adaptation of the Polish list of maximum admissible concentration (MAC-NDS) to Directive 2019/130/EC of 31/1/2019 amending Directive 2004/37/EC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at work (these are: chloroethene, o-toluidine and 1,3-butadiene), adjusting the MAC-value for trimethylamine to the value included in the draft directive setting the fifth list of indicative occupational exposure limits, introducing changes in the list of the maximum admissible concentration of chemicals and dust harmful to health for the substances mentioned, introduce the following substances into the list of maximum admissible concentrations of chemical agents harmful to health: phenolphthalein (Carc. 1B), etoposide (Carc. 1B), fluorouracil (Muta. 1B, skin), 2-nitroanisole (Carc. 1B), N-nitrosodimethylamine (Carc. 1B). Four issues of the "Principles and Methods of Assessing the Working Environment" were published in 2018. The booklets included: 11 documentation of occupational exposure limit, 11 methods for the determination of chemical concentrations in the working environment, 4 articles, a report on the activities of the Interdepartmental Commission for MACs and MAIs in 2017 and the indexes of the documentations, methods and articles published between 2000-2018. Three sessions of the Commission are planned for 2019. MAC values for 10 chemicals substances will be discussed at these meetings. The Commission and the Group of Experts will continue to work on adapting the Polish list of the maximum admissible concentrations to: proposals for binding values for carcinogenic or mutagenic substances, proposed concentration limit values developed by the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) and work carried out at SCOEL.
The Discourse of Arabic Advertising: Preliminary Investigations
Authors: Gully Adrian
Published: March 2019

This article explores the discourse of commercial consumer advertising in the written and visual media of Egypt. After setting advertisements in the context of genres and schemas, it focuses mainly on the relationship between language and cultural representation within the discourse of advertising. The paper places special emphasis on the role of intertextuality within the advertising framework. It also assesses the effectiveness of using different language levels in a given advertisement or commercial, and looks at the deployment of rhetorical devices to reinforce the advertising message.
Ibn Faḍlān and the Rūsiyyah
Authors: Montgomery James E.
Published: March 2019

Ibn Faḍlān's account of the caliphal embassy from Baghdad to the King of the Volga Bulghārs in the early fourth/tenth century is one of our principal, textual sources for the history, ethnogenesis and polity formation of a number of tribes and peoples who populated Inner Asia. Of especial significance is his description of a people whom he calls the Rūsiyyah. Attempts to identify this people have been the stuff of controversy for almost two centuries and have largely focused on how this description can be made to contribute to the Normanist Controversy (the principal, but by no means the only, controversy concerns the extent of Viking involvement in the creation of Russia). This article provides a fresh, annotated translation of Ibn Faḍlān's passage and considers a multiplicity of identities for the Rūsiyyah.
Islam and Crime: The Moral Community of Muslims
Authors: Serajzadeh Seyed Hossein
Published: March 2019

International crime statistics indicate that in Islamic countries crime rates are lower than in other countries. This feature of Islamic countries is most often explained by two factors: a) the relatively low level of development, which has a positive effect on crime rates, and b) the strictness of Islamic penal law. Providing some evidence, this article maintains that the first factor fails to explain properly the difference in the crime rates of Islamic and non-Islamic countries at a similar level of development. It also argues that the second explanation is a reductionist one. Following a Weberian approach, the article develops the argument that the content and structure of Islamic belief and practice is the dominant shared element among Islamic countries. It has given rise to a particular socio-cultural structure among Muslims, one of the impacts of which has been the low crime rate. Islamic beliefs and practice, therefore, are discussed as the main explanatory factor for the low crime rate in Islamic countries. (Keywords: religion, crime, development, Islam, Shari’a, Islamic law, Muslim attitudes.)
"I Wish to be Seen in our Land Called Āfrikā": ʿUmar B. Sayyid's Appeal to be Released from Slavery (1819)
Authors: Hunwick John
Published: March 2019

While Muslims were forbidden to enslave Muslims, in Africa, in battles between Muslims and non-Muslims, sometimes the latter captured Muslims, and sold them to European/American ship crews, who were seeking slaves to take across to America and sell, since Americans could use Muslims as slaves. ʿUmar b. Sayyid (or, more likely, Saʿīd) was captured in Futa Toro in 1806/7, exported, and sold as a slave in South Carolina. Later he was bought by the brother of a subsequent governor of North Carolina and lived with both of them for some thirty years. ʿUmar had learned Arabic in Africa, but as an aging slave forgot some of the rules of the language. Nevertheless, in 1819 he wrote an Arabic document, translated below, in which he quotes many parts of the Koran and seeks return to his homeland in Africa. The Koranic passages surround his statement: “I wish to be seen in our land called Āfrikā”. However, he was forced to stay in America until he died in 1864, long after writing an Arabic autobiography.
Freedom of Expression and Censorship in Medieval Arabic Literature
Authors: Szombathy Zoltan
Published: March 2019

This article explores the restraints placed upon literary production in medieval Arabic literature (particularly poetry) and the ways in which such control was effected. After surveying the various ways of controlling the production of texts, which ranged from mild self-censorship to the actual execution of authors by state authorities, we will try to find general patterns in the data, with a special emphasis on the different treatment of lèse-religion and lèse-majesté respectively.
The Place of the Etymon and the Phonetic Matrix in the Arabic Mental Lexicon
Authors: Mahfoudhi Abdessatar
Published: March 2019

Two units have traditionally been proposed as the basis of the organization of the Arabic lexicon: the root and the stem. The root approach, the most common, is based on the root and pattern theory of Arabic morphology (e.g., McCarthy 1981), which contends that derivation is based on the interleaving of consonantal roots into patterns. By contrast, the stem approach is based on the stem-based theory of Arabic morphology (e.g., Benmamoun 1999) whose main tenet is that the stem is the basis of derivation. More recently, Bohas (e.g., 2000) has challenged these two approaches. He proposes that the Arabic lexicon is organized in three layers under three units: the phonetic matrix, the etymon, and the ‘radical’. These three proposals have different implications for the Arabic mental lexicon. This study discusses these theories with a focus on the validity of the notions of the etymon and matrix in the Arabic mental lexicon in light of old and new psycholinguistic evidence. Keywords: Arabic morphology, root, pattern, etymon, phonetic matrix, psycholinguistics, lexicon.
A Legal Aesthetic of Medieval and Pre-Modern Arab-Muslim Urban Architectural Space
Authors: O’Meara Simon
Published: March 2019

Despite growing scholarly awareness of an historical element of Islamic law concerning the regulation of the medieval and pre-modern Arab-Muslim medina’s architectural environment, a clear statement regarding the history, genealogy, nature, and reach of this element has yet to be made. The present article provides such a report and proposes that this element of Islamic law (fiqh al-bunyān) be considered a discourse that established a legal aesthetic of architectural space and contributed towards the replication of the medina environment.
Toward a Typology of Arabic Dialects: The Role of Final Consonantality
Authors: Farwaneh Samira
Published: March 2019

The salient constraint on Arabic stems is final consonantality which stipulates that the right edge of a stem must be marked by a consonant. In this paper, I examine the role of final consonantality as an extended prosodic constraint operating on syllables and moras, functioning as a parameter differentiating the main two dialectal types, onset and coda dialects. The effect of final consonantality is observed not only in specifying the site of epenthesis, but also in determining the distribution of prosodic rules such as gemination, degemination, and syncope as well as predicting the quality of the epenthetic vowel. The hypothesis is that extending final consonantality to the phonological component of the grammar in coda dialects is motivated by the desire to ensure uniformity between edges of prosodic and morphological constituents.
The Transmission of Ibn Saʿd’s Biographical Dictionary "Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-kabīr"
Authors: Atassi Ahmad Nazir
Published: March 2019

This article develops the concepts and tools for the systematic study of the mechanics of survival for medieval Islamic books. These concepts and tools are then applied to studying the history of the earliest extant biographical dictionary of the Islamic tradition: Ibn Saʿd’s Ṭabaqāt. First, the book’s transmitters and their historical contexts are investigated using a large number of transmission chains. Then, conclusions are extracted from this data concerning the book’s authorship, the survival process of its many versions, and the trajectories of its geographical diffusion at different phases of its long life.