bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value of MRI enhancement in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarinoma
Authors: Lu Lun , Zhang ChenCai , Yu Xian , Zhang Ling , Feng YaYuan , Wu YuXian , Xia JinJu , Chen Xue , Zhang RuiPing , Zhang Juan , Jia Ningyang , Zhang SiSi
Published: April 2022

Background Combined hepatocellular-cholangicarcinoma ( cHCC-CC) is a rare primary liver malignant tumor, the distinction between cHCC-CC and HCC before operation has important clinical significance for optimizing the treatment plan and predicting the prognosis of patients. This study intends to study the value of preoperative clinical date and enhanced MRI in the differential diagnosis of HCC and cHCC-CC and to obtain independent risk factors for predicting cHCC-CC. Methods The clinical and imaging data of 157 HCC and 59 cHCC-CC patients confirmed by pathology were collected, and the differences between the two groups of patients were compared by t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis.Results CHCC-CC was more likely to show multiple lesions than HCC (28.81% Vs 10.83%，P=0.001) and more prone to microvascular invasion (MVI) (36.31%Vs 61.02%，P＜0.001). However, HCC had a higher incidence of liver cirrhosis than cHCC-CC (50.85% Vs72.61% ，P=0.003). The incidence of non-smooth margin was higher in cHCC-CC group (84.75% Vs52.23%，P＜0.001). The incidence of peritumor enhancement in arterial phase was higher in cHCC-CC group (11.46%Vs 62.71%，P＜0.001) Multivariate analysis showed that liver cirrhosis and arterial peritumor enhancement were independent risk factors for predicting cHCC-CC. In addition, the imaging sign of arterial phase peritumor enhancement had high sensitivity (62.71%) and specificity (88.54%) in the diagnosis of cHCC-CC.Conclusions Liver cirrhosis and the imaging findings of GD-DTPA-enhanced MRI are helpful for the differential diagnosis of HCC and cHCC-CC. In addition, the imaging sign of peritumoral enhancement in the arterial phase has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cHCC-CC.
Combining landscape traits, governance regimes, and threats into an integrative framework for conserving complex landscapes
Authors: Goulart Fernando Figueiredo , Pena João Carlos , Delgado Andrés Burgos , Lima Julyana Amaral , Rosetti Marcos , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson , Mertens Frédéric
Published: April 2022

Biodiversity conservation in heterogeneous landscapes faces the challenge of accounting for the complex interactions between the variation in species responses, existence of multiple habitats, diverse governance regimes, and anthropogenic threats. Yet, the scarcity of integrative studies still limits our understanding of the combined effects of social and ecological factors on biodiversity. We propose a framework for the management of heterogeneous landscapes that explicitly accounts for the interactive effects of governance regimes and anthropogenic threats on key landscape traits that affect biodiversity. We then apply the framework on bird conservation in the Espinhaço mountain range, an heterogeneous landscape composed of cerrado, forest and rupestrian grasslands, in the Southeast of Brazil. The model considered birds that inhabit these three type of environments, whose populations are influenced by habitat area, landscape integral connectivity and connectivity among strictly protected areas via multiple least-cost corridors. We assessed the effects of three governance regimes and three major threats on the aforementioned landscape traits for each bird group. The relative habitat area and integral connectivity for rupestrian grassland’s birds are more widely covered by strictly protected areas compared to those inhabiting cerrado and forest. Corridors among strictly protected reserves potentially used by the three bird groups are mostly found inside sustainable-use reserves. Mining and wood-cover loss affects mainly habitat area for forest birds, while fire endangers habitat for rupestrian grassland birds. The integrative framework proposed by our study can be applied elsewhere fostering an heuristic knowledge assisting scientists and practitioners for conserving highly complex landscapes.
Predicting viral load suppression by self- reported adherence, pharmacy refill counts and Real Time Medication Monitoring among people living with HIV in Tanzania
Authors: Ngowi Kennedy M. , Minja Linda , Boer I. Marion Sumari-de , Aarnoutse Rob E. , Masika Lyidia , Sprangers Mirjam A.G. , Pima Francis M. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Reiss Peter , Nieuwkerk Pythia T.
Published: April 2022

IntroductionMonitoring of adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is of utmost importance to prevent treatment failure. Several measures to monitor adherence have been applied in low-resource settings and they all have pros and cons. Our objective was to examine whether any of the following adherence measures is a better predictor of participants’ viral load suppression: (1) self-report, (2) pharmacy refill count, (3) Real Time Medication Monitoring (RTMM), (4) a combination of self-report and pharmacy refill count or (5) all three adherence assessment methods combined. MethodologyThis was a post-hoc analysis of data from our 48-week REMIND-HIV randomized controlled trial in which adherence to ART was measured using self-report, pharmacy refill counts and RTMM among ART-experienced adults living with HIV subjectively judged to be nonadherent to ART. For each adherence measure, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for predicting virological failure defined as a viral load (VL) of >20 copies/mL. To determine at which percentage of adherence the prediction was strongest, we evaluated adherence cut-offs of 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100% using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. VL data were obtained after 48 weeks of follow-up in the trial.ResultsA total of 233 people living with HIV (PLHIV) were included in this analysis. When comparing the ability of self-reported adherence with pharmacy refill count and RTMM adherence to predict viral load >20 copies/ml, self-reported adherence had the lowest sensitivity, ranging from 6% to 17%, but the highest specificity, ranging from 100% to 86%, depending on cut-off values from 80% to 100%. Area under the ROC curves (AUC) were 0.54 for RTMM, 0.56 for pharmacy refill count and 0.52 for self-report, indicating low discriminatory capacity for each of the adherence measures. When we combined the self-report and pharmacy refill count measures, sensitivity increased, ranging from 28% to 57% but specificity decreased, ranging from 83% to 53%. When all three measures were combined, we observed the highest value of sensitivity, ranging from 46% to 92%, and PPV, ranging from 32% to 36%, at high cut-offs ranging from 80% to 100%. Upon combination of three adherence measures, the AUC increased to 0.59. ConclusionOur results show that adherence assessed exclusively by self-report, pharmacy refill count or RTMM were insufficiently sensitive to predict virologic failure. Sensitivity markedly improved by combining all three measures, but the practical feasibility of such an approach would need to be studied.
Local Excision versus Total Mesorectal Excision after favourable response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a multi-centre experience
Authors: Fareed Ahmed M , Shahatto Fayz , Khater Ashraf , Kotb Sherif Z. , Elzahaby Islam A , Eldamshety Osama , Khan Jim S.
Published: April 2022

IntroductionThe gold standard surgical management of curable rectal cancer is proctectomy with total mesorectal excision. Adding preoperative radiotherapy improved local control. The promising results of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy raised the hopes for conservative, yet oncologically safe management, probably using local excision technique.Patients and MethodsThis study is a prospective comparative phase III study, where 46 rectal cancer patients were recruited from patients attending Oncology Centre of Mansoura University and Queen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth University Hospital NHS with a median follow-up 36 months. The two recruited groups were as follows: Group (A): 18 patients who underwent conventional Radical Surgery by TME. Group (B): 28 patients who underwent Trans-anal Endoscopic Local Excision. Patients of resectable low rectal cancer (below 10 cms from anal verge) with sphincter saving procedures were included: cT1-T3N0.ResultsThe median operative time for LE was 120 minutes versus 300 in TME (p<0.001), median blood loss was 20 ml versus 100 ml in LE and TME respectively (p<0.001). Median hospital stay was 3.5 days versus 6.5 days (p=0.009). No statistically significant difference in median DFS (64.2 months for LE versus 63.2 months for TME, p=0.85) and median OS (72.9 months for LE versus 76.3 months for TME, p=0.43). No statistically significant difference in LARS scores and QoL was observed between LE and TME (p=0.798, p=0.799).ConclusionLE seems a good alternative to radical rectal resection in carefully selected responders to neoadjuvant therapy after thorough pre-operative evaluation, planning and patient counselling.
Identify Arabic dialect using ensemble model
Authors: Younes Mohammad Bani , Younes Mutaz Bani , Al-khdour Nour
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a model that classifies the Arabic dialect of 26 different dialects from a given text. We used the dataset provided by MADAR Shared Task on Arabic Fine-Grained Dialect Identification, sub-task 1. 19 teams participated in this task, and the highest accuracy achieved by the winning team was 67.33%. Our model’s accuracy outperforms that by 0.785%. The proposed model consists of 3 classifiers and then ensembles the predictions from the classifiers to predict the result. We used both n-grams features and probability predictions from the 6-label dataset provided by the organizers. Our model achieves 68.15% accuracy and 68.01% macro F1-score.
A lobectomy alternative in lung cancer with inflammatory lymph node infiltration: a case report
Authors: Iijima Yoshihito , Ishikawa Masahito , Iwai Shun , Yamagata Aika , Motono Nozomu , Yamada Sohsuke , Uramoto Hidetaka
Published: April 2022

Background: Lobectomy may be a challenging treatment option in lung cancer with inflammatory lymph node infiltration. Moreover, the en-masse lobectomy technique, which involves the simultaneous ligation or stapling of pulmonary vessels and bronchi at the hilar area, is controversial. Case presentation: We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who presented with lung cancer and lymph node infiltration from the posterior ascending pulmonary artery (A2) to the superior pulmonary artery (A6). A nodule was observed in her right upper lobe on chest computed tomography while treating her for a myocardial infarction three months prior; hence, a radical lobectomy was planned. Her main pulmonary artery could be constricted with surgical tape, but this was not possible in the peripheral pulmonary artery of the ascending A2 due to widespread lymph node infiltration. Intraoperative frozen sections confirmed the absence of metastases in the hilar lymph nodes. Pulmonary angioplasty was aborted because the cardiac function had not fully recovered from the previous procedure. The ascending A2 and upper lobe bronchus were collectively treated using an auto-stapler. Two months postoperatively, computed tomography showed no pulmonary artery aneurysm. Conclusions: This report highlights that the en-masse technique is recommended as an alternative for A2 treatment during lobectomy in cases with inflammatory lymph node infiltration. Surgeons should not hesitate to switch to thoracotomy to avoid fatal intraoperative complications.
Malnutrition among hospitalized children (1-4 years of age) years of age in Abyan and Lahj Governorates / Yemen
Authors: Al-Waleedi Ali Ahmed , Bin-Ghouth Abdullah
Published: April 2022

Background
The analysis of acute malnutrition in 2018 for the Integrated Phase Classification of Food Security in Yemen shows that high malnutrition rates are present in Abyan governorate (23%) and Lahj governorate (21%). This analysis was community based addressed all children and mostly due to problems related to food intake. The role of diseases was not yet addressed in Yemen. The aim of this study is to assess acute and chronic malnutrition among hospitalized children at 12–59 months of age in Lahj and Abyan governorates in Yemen.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional, multi-center study is designed. The assessment of the nutritional status was measured by standardized anthropometry of 951 sick children at age 1–4 years.
Results
The prevalence of Global acute malnutrition (GAM) among the sick children seeking care in health facilities in Lahj and Abyan is 21%. More specifically; the prevalence of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) is 15.1% while the prevalence of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is 6.2%. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting) among the studied sick children in lahj is 23.4% while in Abyan is 19.3%. The prevalence of MAM in Lahj is 17.7% and the prevalence of SAM is 5.7%. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting) in Abyan is 12.6% while the prevalence of SAM in Abyan is 6.7%. The prevalence of acute malnutrition among male children (25.2%) is significantly higher than among female children (17.5%). The prevalence of the chronic malnutrition (Stunting) in the studied sick children is 41.3%; the prevalence of stunting in Lahj is 41% while in Abyan is 41.7%.
Conclusions
High acute and chronic malnutrition rates were identified among sick children seeking care in health facilities in lahj and Abyan, and higher than the SPHERE indicators of malnutrition. Boys are more exposed than girls to acute and chronic malnutrition.
Reduction of polarization deviation effects in terahertz splitter
Authors: Wang wenliang
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we design a linear terahertz depolarization splitter based on symmetrical structure and matching materials, which operating at the atmospheric window 2.5Thz of terahertz communication application. The spectral performance of this material combination is characterized by transfer matrix method calculations. Statistical results show that the design has excellent performance in terms of transmittance, degree of polarization, and transmission phase shift in the range of 0-55o of inclination.
Bioinformatic analysis of autophagy-related genes for prognosis, malignancy and immune phenotype of colorectal cancer
Authors: Jin Zhiming , Tu Juanjuan , Ding Chengsheng , Shan Zezhi , Li Mengcheng , Gao Yuping
Published: April 2022

Background: Autophagy plays a non-negligible role in carcinogenesis by maintaining a proper cancer microenvironment to provide nutritional supplements. This study aimed to explore the association between autophagy-related genes (ARGs) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Material and Methods: Public data profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases: GSE39582 set. In the TCGA cohort, 7 ARGs were selected to construct the prognostic risk score model for the prognosis of CRC patients. Based on the median value of risk scores, patients were divided into low- and high- risk score groups (p=4.393e−06). And the prognostic value of the model was further validated in the GEO cohort and the pooled cohort. Results: In addition to prognosis, autophagy was also related to malignancy, chemotherapy resistance, as well as immune type of CRC. Furthermore, a nomogram, including the prognostic risk score model and clinical characteristics, was developed for quantifying the overall survival probability of CRC patients. Finally, some drugs/compounds including semagacestat, pentostatin, DNMDP, as well as bexarotene, were predicted as potential drugs for CRC treatment based on CTRP and PRISM database. Conclusion: These would assist CRC patients with improving their prognosis.
Clinico-pathological Characteristics of Obstructing Colorectal Cancer and its Management Outcomes at a Tertiary Referral Center of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Kumar Abhijeet , Dhungana Sajan babu , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Sah Suresh Prasad , Khanal Bhawani
Published: April 2022

PURPOSEThe aim of this study is to explore the treatment strategies being followed for patients with obstructing colorectal cancer (OCRC) at our institute and to know the management outcomes.METHODSThis study included 28 patients who were diagnosed with obstructing colorectal cancer (OCRC) either preoperatively or intraoperatively over a period of 5 years.RESULTSMost were in the younger age group with mean age of 49.78+/- 15.96 years with 1/4th of the patients being younger than 40. There was no difference in incidence of OCRC among genders. It was found to be common in rural areas of the eastern Nepal, 16(57%) patients from such areas. 21.4% patients had complete bowel obstruction at presentation. The investigating modalities used were abdominal x-ray, ultrasonoghraphy of abdomen/pelvis, abdominal CT-scan, colonoscopy, serum CEA, punch biopsy and Faecal occult blood test. The anatomical shift to the right was observed with 54% lesions in the proximal colon. Majority were in advanced stage (stage3:53.6%, stage4:32.1%) with histologically adenocarcinoma (100%) and a higher incidence of synchronous lesion (28.6%). Patients averaged 13.82 days in the hospital with post-operative mortality rate of 3.6%. The 1-year and 2-years disease free survivals were 89.3% and 82.1% while overall survivals were 92.8% and 82.1% respectively.CONCLUSIONIn developing countries like ours, many patients with colorectal cancer continue to present to health center in advanced stage with bowel obstruction in relatively younger age with anatomical shift to the right. The treatments provided at our center and their outcomes are not inferior to that of the developed world.
Abdominal Massage Regulates the SIRT1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate Inflammation in the Adipose Tissue of Insulin-Resistant Rats
Authors: Gao Tianjiao , Chen Shaotao , Han Yiran , Tan Yi , Zhang Dongmei , He Yutao , Liu Mingjun
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abdominal massage on high-fat diet induced insulin resistance compared with RSV treatment. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet (NFD) group, high-fat diet (HFD)group, HFD + abdominal massage (AM) group, and HFD + resveratrol (RSV) group.An insulin resistant rat model was established by feeding rats HFD for 8 weeks and then treated with AM or RSV for 6 weeks. The underlying molecular mechanisms in adipose tissue and serum of rats induced by HFD were investigated.AM and RSV significantly improved obesity, glucose intolerance and significantly reduced lipid accumulation [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ], glucose metabolism[The fasting blood glucose (FBG), Fasting insulin (FINS)], inflammatory status [ interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein (CRP) ], as well as improved macrophage polarization status in adipose tissue of model rats.Moreover, AM activated the SIRT1 / NF-κB signaling pathway in rat adipose tissue.In conclusion, our results indicate that am can improve IR by regulating the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, blood glucose and adipocytokines, and related signaling pathways in rat adipose tissue, which may provide a new basis for the clinical treatment of IR.
First detection of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton 1905 in Côte d’Ivoire: urbanization in question
Authors: Fournet Florence , Adja Akre M. , Adou Kouassi A. , Dahoui Milosse M.C. , Coulibaly Baba , Assouho Konan F. , Zoh Dounin D. , Koné Moussa , Koné Aboubacar , Niamien Koffi L. , Cornélie Sylvie , Tia Emmanuel , Moiroux Nicolas
Published: April 2022

Background: Previous studies have revealed a high malaria transmission in Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. The socio-political crisis in the country, and the resulting environmental changes, have raised the need to update the knowledge on mosquito vector species and malaria transmission.Methods: Adult mosquitoes were sampled using the human landing catch (HLC) sampling method in Bouaké. They were collected for 216 nights between 2019 and 2020 in six districts representative of the diversity in urban landscape. Sampling points were selected along the water network crossing the city and monitored from 2020 to 2021 to detect the presence of anopheline larvae. We used PCR techniques to ascertain the species of the Anopheles gambiae complex, Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infection in a subset of Anopheles vectors, and insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles arabiensis only.Results: A total of 4599 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected and then identified. An. gambiae s.l. was found in majority (99 %), while An. funestus, An. ziemanni, An. pharoensis were also found but in low proportions. Among the Anopheles gambiae complex, three species were identified: An. gambiae s.s. (45.9 %), An. coluzzi (52.2 %), and An. arabiensis (1.9 %). The first two species had already been collected in Bouaké, however it is the first time that An. arabiensis is reported both in Bouaké and in Côte d’Ivoire. Anopheles arabiensis was also collected during the larval surveys in a similar proportion (1.1 %) in the same areas as the adults. Conclusions: This study detected the presence of An. arabiensis in Bouaké for the first time. This species was found quite far from its usual geographic area and its expansion could be linked to the urbanization process. Though no An. arabiensis was found infected by Plasmodium sp., its role in malaria transmission in Bouaké has to be explored, particularly since its exophagic behavior raises the issue of control measures and the use of insecticide-impregnated nets. The spread of this species in Côte d'Ivoire should be assessed through further research in additional towns in the country.
On the inflammatory response of skeletal muscles to a high-lipid diet
Authors: Dimitrov Iliyan Valeriev , Boyadjiev Nikolay Petrov , Georgieva Katerina Nikolova , Angelova Penka Angelova , Stakova Teodora Ruseva , Dimov Ivica , Bivolarska Anelia Vesselinova , Delchev Slavi , Gerginska Fanka , Daskalova Elena , Draganova-Filipova Milena Nenkova , Popov Dobrin Ivanov
Published: April 2022

Background: The low-grade, chronic inflammation is a process characterized by slightly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory molecules. It can be induced by increased levels of saturated fatty acids which could affect toll-like receptor signaling pathways. In this experiment we estimated the degree of low-grade inflammation in different muscles of Wistar rats subjected to a high-lipid diet.Methods: To study the effect of the high-fat diet on the development of inflammation in skeletal muscles we used sixty, 8-week-old male Wistar rats. The animals were subjected to standardized rodent food – a high-fat and a standard diet. After the period of time needed to provoke inflammation we changed the diet in order to collect data for the duration of the process. We used the quantitative ELISA method to determine the degree of the tissue inflammatory process, studying the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory marker molecules.Results: We established that the high-fat diet changes the levels of the measured proinflammatory molecules to an increase. Their levels in the studied skeletal muscles were slightly elevated compared to the controls. We detected that the inflammatory process depends on time as well. A longer period of time leads to an additional increase in the levels of the cytokines in some muscles, while their levels remain almost the same in others. The replacement of the high-lipid diet with a standard one causes the muscles to restore of their normal, non-inflammatory phenotype. At the same time, the levels of the anti-inflammatory molecule show almost no change during the experiment.Conclusions: Skeletal muscles develop inflammation as a result of the intake of a high-lipid diet. The process is low-grade, chronic and its duration is as long as the high-fat food persists in the diet of the animals. The insignificantly changed levels of the anti-inflammatory molecule indicate that the muscle tissue does not, or barely exerts control over the development of this process.
Does sarcoidosis have a role in predisposing to venous thromboembolic events?
Authors: Kassem Ali , Dahabra Loai , Yassine Ahmad Abou , Assaad Marc , Muhammad Marwah , Elsayegh Dany
Published: April 2022

IntroductionSarcoidosis is a multisystemic disorder of an unclear etiology. It has been postulated that sarcoidosis is a chronic autoimmune inflammation which may predispose to venous thromboembolism (VTE). Recent studies showed increased VTE events in patient with sarcoidosis and other autoimmune disorders. This multicenter retrospective study aims at determining a possible correlation between VTE and sarcoidosis. MethodsWe reviewed charts from a commercial database (Explorys Inc, Cleveland, OH, USA) which is an aggregate of electronic health records from 26 major healthcare systems. We included patients between ages 30 and 69. Patients with a condition known to cause hypercoagulable state were excluded. We calculated the prevalence of VTE in patients with without a diagnosis of sarcoidosis and compared the results. A multivariate analysis was performed to adjust for gender, race, age, tobacco use and obesity (BMI > 30). ResultsThe overall prevalence of the VTE in patients without sarcoidosis was 1.4% compared to 4.9% in patients with sarcoidosis (Table 1). Patients with sarcoidosis were more likely to develop VTE [OR: 2.96; 95% CI 2.84-3.08, P value < 0.001]. Predictors of VTE in patients with sarcoidosis were gender, age, race, and obesity, (Table 3). ConclusionOur study indicates that sarcoidosis poses a risk of developing VTE. Limitations include our study being retrospective, additionally our data analysis lacks the stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Further prospective studies are needed to shed light on this association and explain the prothrombotic phenotype of sarcoidosis.
External validation of CRASH prognostic model in an urban tertiary care public university hospital
Authors: Mulla Asif , Bavishi Devi , Khajanchi Monty , Wärnberg Martin Gerdin
Published: April 2022

IntroductionRoad traffic injury is the 7th most common cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Amongst road traffic injuries, traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are the major cause of mortality and morbidity. The multicentre randomized controlled trial CRASH published a prediction model to estimate prognosis in traumatic brain injury patients. This prediction model was derived based on data from High Income and Low and Middle-Income Countries. The external validity of this prediction model was not assessed in Low and Middle-Income Countries. To fill this gap, we aim to external validate the CRASH prediction model in TBI patients in India, a lower-middle income country.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study at the General Surgery Department of an urban tertiary care public university hospital in India. We collected data on the 14-day mortality and 6-month unfavourable outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Calibration and discrimination of the CRASH models (Basic and Computed Tomography model) comparing the observed and predicted outcomes using logistic regression and area under the curve (AUC) was analysed to validate the model.ResultsIn this study, 417 patients with the median age of 40 and age range of 18-95 years were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the calibration of the models in prediction of 14-day mortality (basic p = 0.082, CT p = 0.067) and 6-month unfavourable outcome (Basic p = 0.688, CT p = 0.204). The area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) in basic and CT models in prediction of 14-day mortality were 0.885 and 0.885 respectively. In addition, area under the ROC curve in basic and CT models in prediction of 6-month unfavourable outcome were 0.901 and 0.896, respectively. ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the CRASH basic and CT model both accurately predict 14-day mortality and 6-month unfavourable outcomes of TBI patients in an urban tertiary care public university hospital in India.
The Indian real estate regulations and urban homebuyers: impact assessment
Authors: Chawla Neelam , Kumar Basanta
Published: April 2022

The previously unregulated urban housing and real estate market scenario began to change by promulgating a new law, i.e., the Indian Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERDA, 2016/Act). Claims are that the Act has been saving homebuyers from exploitation by the promoters' evasive and aggressive approach and impacting the economy and society. The paper briefly examines relevant provisions of the Act and judicial pronouncements protecting urban homebuyers' interests; it analyzes in-depth their impact on them in particular and society by empirically studying 540 sample homebuyers' reactions. In addition, the study discusses the implications of regulating foreign direct investments in aiding current policy perceptions supporting housing vis-a-vis the economy. The results show that very often, builders exploit homebuyers. Timely judiciary interventions have removed the initial bottleneck created by builders, positively impacting builders' and governments' safeguarding of homebuyers' interests. Even four years after the Act's implementation, its implementation remains uneven.
The Effects of Self-perceived Parenting Attitudes on Visuo-spatial Attention and Mental Rotation Abilities among Adolescents
Authors: Kim Sangyub , Baik Yeonji , Han Sunghee , Nam Kichun
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of adolescents’ perceived negative evaluation of parenting on their visuo-spatial attention and mental rotation abilities. The experimental groups were divided into negatively evaluating group and positively evaluating groups based on their scores on the self-perceived parenting attitude scales. The UFOV task showed lesser accuracy of the negatively evaluating group when compared to the positively evaluating one in target perception presented in 20 degree visual angle. In the mental rotation task, the negatively evaluating group exhibited a small trade-off effect between response times and rotation angles, which implied an impatient strategy was employed to perform the task. Thus, both experimental groups differed in terms of their visual attention and mental-spatial abilities. This study suggests that the reduced visuo-spatial attention and mental rotation abilities may act as precursors for serious psychological symptoms caused by the negative self-evaluation of their parents’ parenting attitudes.
Aloe vera ameliorates hyperlipidemia, enhances endogenous antioxidant activity and regulates liver function in high fat diet fed mice.
Authors: Dibal Nathan Isaac
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND
Prolong high fat diet consumption was reported to cause metabolic disorders including obesity, NAFLD and insulin resistance. NAFLD is one of the common causes of liver failure with lipid accumulation and inflammation as the major driving forces for its progression.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed to evaluate the benefits of Aloe vera supplementation on lipid profiles, antioxidant properties, liver function as well as the histology of liver, heart and brain on high fat diet induced toxicity in BALB/c mice.
METHODS
Eighteen mice were divided into three groups (n = 6). Group 1 received normal diet (Vital feed), group 2 received high fat diet (HFD) i.e. 70g of normal diet plus 30g of margarine, while group 3 received high fat diet plus Aloe vera (HFD + AV) i.e. 80g of HFD plus 20g of Aloe vera gel. The mice were fed for 10 weeks and euthanized thereafter. The liver function, lipid profiles, antioxidant properties as well as liver, brain and heart histology were evaluated.
RESULTS
The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the HFD treated mice compared to the control. Liver catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in HFD + AV treated mice compared to the control and HFD treated mice. The liver of HFD + AV treated mice showed normal architecture while those of HFD treated mice showed numerous hepatic vacuoles indicative of fat droplets.
CONCLUSIONS
Aloe vera supplementation regulated liver function and prevent hyperlipidemia. The resultant effect increased antioxidant activities thereby preventing liver injury and brain damage.
Why do students dropout from school?: Inferences from a mathematical model
Authors: Mbogo Rachel Waema , Ateya Ismail , Onyango Joseph , Mureu Phyllis , Maingi Nicodemus , Opiyo Cavin
Published: April 2022

To evaluate the success of the two-schools in one concept in Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps in Kenya, we developed and analysed a data-driven mathematical model that includes multiple interacting mechanisms. Model parameters were estimated using data from the enrolled students to understand the dynamics of students’ performance and dropouts. Initial model analysis show that the two-schools in one model is the optimal solution in accommodating the large student population in the two camps. Further for student performance, our analysis suggest that students’ academic achievement is directly related to the level of parental involvement and internal social mechanisms. However, if the negative peer influence (leading to lower academic grades)increases and there is no mentorship, the effect of parental involvement on the dynamics of student performance and dropout becomes negligible.
Diagnosegeleitete Förderung im inklusiven Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule – Professionalisierung durch reflektierte Handlungspraxis in der Lehrer*innenbildung
Authors: Hähn Kristina , Häsel-Weide Uta , Scherer Petra
Published: April 2022

Für den inklusiven Unterricht ist es von großer Bedeutung, dass Lehrkräfte individuelle Potenziale und Fähigkeiten aller Schüler*innen erkennen, fördern und (weiter)entwickeln. Bereits in der ersten Phase der Lehrer*innenbildung können Lehrveranstaltungen so gestaltet werden, dass grundlegende und handlungsnahe Kompetenzen zu Diagnose und Förderung erworben und gleichzeitig eigene Professionalisierungsprozesse reflektiert werden können. Der Beitrag stellt die Konzeption von Lehrveranstaltungen vor, die die (reflexive) Vermittlung fach- und fachdidaktischer sowie pädagogischer Wissensbereiche und reflektierter Praxiserfahrungen in der Diagnose und Förderung von Kindern mit besonderen Schwierigkeiten zum Ziel haben. Die Begleitforschung der Lehrveranstaltungen fokussiert über einen Fragebogen mit offenen und geschlossenen Items die retrospektive Selbsteinschätzung des eigenen Kompetenzzuwachses der Studierenden. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen und quantitativen Auswertung zeigen, dass in den fachbezogenen Lehrveranstaltungen der Kompetenzzuwachs facettenreich wahrgenommen wird und dies sowohl im Bereich des Wissens als auch des Handlungspotenzials. Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass mit Varianten solcher Veranstaltungskonzepte, die vergleichbare zentrale Gestaltungselemente aufweisen, ähnliche Ziele erreicht werden können.
 
Abstract
For teaching in inclusive settings, teachers have to identify, support, and develop the individual potentials and abilities of all pupils. Even in the first phase of teacher education, courses can be designed in that way, that basic and action related competencies with respect to diagnosis and support can be acquired, and at the same time own professionalization processes can be reflected. The paper presents the central ideas of teacher education courses that aim at (reflective) education of content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and pedagogical knowledge as well as reflective practical experiences with respect to diagnosis and support for pupils with specific difficulties. For the accompanying research of the courses a questionnaire with open and closed items was used, focusing on the retrospective self-assessment of student teachers’ own competence development. The results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis show that the reported increase of competencies in the subject specific courses is perceived multifaceted, and this is true for the field of knowledge as well as for the potential for action. Moreover, the results show that variations of course conceptions with similar central design elements might reach comparable objectives.
Was verstehen Lehramtsstudierende unter Inklusion? Eine Untersuchung subjektiver Definitionen
Authors: Schaumburg Melanie , Walter Stefan , Hashagen Uje
Published: April 2022

Der Begriff der Inklusion ist ein mehrdimensionales Konstrukt, das sowohl in Theorie als auch in Praxis unterschiedlich definiert ist. Für angehende Lehrkräfte bedeutet dies, dass sie sich mit unterschiedlichen Konnotationen dieses Begriffs auseinandersetzen müssen und dadurch möglicherweise eigene Begriffsdefinitionen vornehmen. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrages steht die Frage nach den subjektiven Begriffsdefinitionen zum Begriff Inklusion. Im Rahmen einer schriftlichen Befragung wurden 290 Lehramtsstudierende mit Hilfe einer offenen Fragestellung zu ihrem Inklusionsverständnis befragt. Das Material wurde mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf ein differenziertes Begriffsverständnis angehender Lehrkräfte. Es können vier Verständnistypen unterschieden werden, ausgehend von einem sehr engen bis hin zu einem sehr weiten und offenen Begriffsverständnis. Abstract

The concept of inclusion is a multidimensional construct that is quite differently defined in theory as well as in practice. Student teachers have to deal with very different connotations that are associated with it. As a result, they might have developed their own definitions of inclusion. This paper focuses on these subjective concepts of inclusion. In a survey, 290 teacher students were asked about their understanding of inclusion by using an open question. The collected data was evaluated with a qualitative content analysis. The results show that student teachers have a differentiated understanding of the concept of inclusion. Four understandings of terms can be distinguished, starting from a very narrow to a very broad and open understanding of inclusion.
Measurement-induced criticality in extended and long-range unitary circuits
Authors: Sharma Shraddha , Turkeshi Xhek , Fazio Rosario , Dalmonte Marcello
Published: April 2022

We explore the dynamical phases of unitary Clifford circuits with variable-range interactions, coupled to a monitoring environment.
We investigate two classes of models, distinguished by the action of the unitary gates, which either are organized in clusters of finite-range two-body gates, or are pair-wise interactions randomly distributed throughout the system with a power-law distribution.
We find the range of the interactions plays a key role in characterizing both phases and their measurement-induced transitions.
For the cluster unitary gates we find a transition between a phase with volume-law scaling of the entanglement entropy and a phase with area-law entanglement entropy. Our results indicate that the universality class of the phase transition is compatible to that of short range hybrid Clifford circuits.
Oppositely, in the case of power-law distributed gates, we find the universality class of the phase transition changes continuously with the parameter controlling the range of interactions. In particular, for intermediate values of the control parameter, we find a non-conformal critical line which separates a phase with volume-law scaling of the entanglement entropy from one with sub-extensive scaling. Within this region, we find the entanglement entropy and the logarithmic negativity present a cross-over from a phase with algebraic growth of entanglement with system size, and an area-law phase.
Efficacy of secnidazole in the treatment of trichomoniasis and vaginal dysbiosis
Authors: Bezhena V. F. , Molchanov O. L. , Lazareva N. B. , Galiullina L. A. , Poznyak A. L.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Trichomoniasis is a vaginal infectious and inflammatory disease, which falls into the category of sexually transmissible nosological entities. It is the profile of vaginal microecosystem changes in trichomoniasis that determines the vector of transformation of the vaginal microbiome towards the formation of bacterial vaginosis (BV), namely, a hypercolonized community of anaerobic microorganisms with underlying suppression of the dominant presence of the resident acidophilic microflora.

Aim. To evaluate the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of 5-nitroimidazole drugs secnidazole and metronidazole in the therapy of acute trichomoniasis and concomitant vaginal dysbacteriosis.

Materials and methods. As a comparison object, we used the therapy regimens for acute trichomoniasis with the 5-nitroimidazole drugs secnidazole and metronidazole, involving 2 grams (g) once as a single dose. The study included 64 patients diagnosed with acute trichomoniasis. The average age of the patients was 34 ± 7 years (95% CI 32–37). The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 32) used Secnidazole, group 2 (n = 32) used Secnidazole 2 g once as a single dose. Metronidazole was used at a dose of 500 mg 2 times a day for 5 days. Patients were observed by a doctor during two visits, and a follow-up assessment of the treatment results was carried out by way of remote interrogation.

Results. The use of the drug therapy ensured removal of Trichomonas from the vagina. Both groups showed relief of clinical symptoms from B1 to B2: discomfort, itching, burning, dyspareunia, hyperemia of the mucosa with underlying tendency towards normalization of laboratory findings of the vaginal microbiocenosis condition. At the same time, it should be noted that the therapy efficiency was higher in group 1 (secnidazole).

Conclusion. Thus, the administration of secnidazole provided greater therapeutic efficacy as compared with the use of the similar therapeutic dose and frequency of metronidazole to treat Trichomonas and, in combination with rehabilitation therapy, determined a more pronounced tendency towards normalization of the composition of the vaginal microflora.
Male infertility associated with oxidative stress of spermatozoa: pathogenesis and therapeutic approach
Authors: Ovchinnikov R. I.
Published: April 2022

Infertility is defined as not being to get pregnant for a couple after at least a year of regular sexual life. The condition has become a global health issue affecting about 187 million couples worldwide, and about half of the cases are associated with male factors. There are several external and internal factor infertility. Oxidative stress, which is a common cause of several conditions associated with male infertility is one of the main factors. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decrease sperm quality through reducing sperm motility and increasing damage to DNA, protein, and lipids. If DNA strand breaks are not repaired, a cell undergoes apoptosis, programmed cell death. The combination antioxidants are considered effective in improving male fertility parameters due to synergistic effects of various components. The mechanism of action of most of them is directed toward reducing ROS concentration, thereby improving sperm quality. In addition, this review considers other natural molecules - myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol, which improve sperm quality. They are involved in many signalling mechanisms in spermatozoa that regulate cytoplasmic calcium levels, mitochondrial capacity and function. On the other hand, D-chiro-inositol is involved in the inhibition of steroidogenic aromatase enzymes, thereby increasing testosterone levels. In this review, we analyse the processes associated with oxidative stress in male fertility and the mechanisms of action of various molecules, as well as consider treatment options for management of various male reproductive system disorders.
Status of biocenosis of vagina in pregnant women living in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra
Authors: Solovyeva A. V. , Chegus L. A. , Solovev V. G. , Yermolenko K. S. , Kuznetsova O. A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The intensive development of the mining industry led to a rapid growth in the population, large-scale migration processes to cities, the construction of numerous industrial facilities, which was accompanied by changes in the ecological, socioeconomic and cultural foundations of the local indigenous population (Khanty and Mansi) caused by the disruption of the usual rhythm of life that exists here. over the centuries

Aim. The study of mass and growth parameters, the state of the biocenosis of the vagina and gastrointestinal tract in pregnant women living in the village and in the city in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and correction of violations with metronidazole and miconazole.

Materials and methods. A prospective analysis of complaints, anamnestic, anthropometric, as well as an assessment of the state of the biocenosis of the vagina and intestines in patients selected by the method of continuous sampling was carried out. We examined women from among the  indigenous small-numbered peoples of  the north (indigenous peoples of  the North)  – the Khanty and Mansi, living in the urban-type settlement. Berezovo, in camps and in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. The comparison group included women from the migrant population (Russians) living in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk.

Results. It was found that the greatest number of violations of the biocenosis of the vagina and intestines was in pregnant women living in the city, both from the indigenous minorities and the migrant population. Half of pregnant women, 50% of women, had normocenosis. Every second had inflammatory changes  – nonspecific vaginitis occurred in  9.1%, vulvovaginal candidiasis in 13.6% and mixed pathogenic flora (bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis) were in 31.8% of women. Monitoring of the state of the vaginal biocenosis was carried out after 4–5 weeks and at the end of the postpartum period (40–44 days), normobiocenosis was determined. Relapses both before and after childbirth within 42 days were not observed in this contingent.

Conclusion. The use of metronidazole and miconazole intravaginally is an effective trea for bacterial vaginosis in combination with vulvovaginal candidiasis with rapid relief of symptoms and no side effects.
Iodine deficiency as a cause of hypothyroidosis in pregnant women: diagnostics and preventive measures
Authors: Medvedeva M. S. , Lyashenko A. S. , Lyashenko E. N.
Published: April 2022

Pregnancy is a period of increased demands on all organs and systems of the mother’s body, including the thyroid gland (TG). The productivity of the thyroid gland increases by 30–50%. For continuous and sufficient synthesis of thyroid hormones (TG) requires optimal intake of dietary iodine. The need for a microelement increases significantly during pregnancy, due to increased activity of the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency of mild or moderate degrees leads to insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormones, despite its compensatory increase. Hypothyroidism in women is one of the causes of infertility. Hypothyroidism in pregnant women significantly increases the risk of preterm birth. Iodine deficiency has a serious impact on the intrauterine development of the fetus, because iodine and thyroid hormones (TG) are actively involved in the development of the fetus, the formation of various organs and the development of the brain. In order to prevent the dangerous consequences of iodine deficiency in the Russian Federation, mass prevention is carried out in the form of the use of iodized salt. During the 1st trimester of pregnancy, each woman undergoes a laboratory test of the level of TSH, total T4 and total T3 as a screening in order to correct the hypofunction of the thyroid gland in  time. In pregnant women, especially in  the first trimester, iodine requirements increase by 50%, which requires not only the mandatory use of iodized salt, but also the appointment of pharmacological preparations of iodine with an accurate dosage. Preventive measures may not be enough, then replacement therapy with levothyroxine is used throughout the pregnancy.