bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy among children and adolescents living with HIV in the Mbita Sub County Hospital, Homa Bay- Kenya
Authors: N Tanyi William , Gachuno Onesmus , Odero Theresa , Farquhar Carey , Kimosop David , Mayi Allan
Published: May 2021

Background: Adequate adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is key to the successful treatment of children and adoles- cents living with HIV. Continuous ART Adherence is the key factor for virologic suppression and stability of the immune system and prevents the occurrence of opportunistic infections. Children and adolescents struggle with adherence to ART for various reasons, including a poor psychosocial support system and clinic attendance.

Objectives: To describe the uptake of HIV treatment services among children and adolescents in the Mbita Sub-County Hospital, Homa Bay and determine how schooling, clinic attendance, and type of pill/regimen affect adherence to ART and viral suppression.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Mbita Sub-County Hospital. Medical chart data was abstracted from the hospital files of children and adolescents between the ages of 0-19 years on antiretroviral therapy, between the periods of October 2016 and September, 2017. Data was analyzed using measures of central tendency, and cross-tabulations were done to compare schooling, clinic attendance, type of pill/regimen and viral suppression. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between groups.

Results: According to patient files reviewed, majority of patients, 244(91.4%) were enrolled into care within 2 weeks of HIV diagnosis according to guidelines, and 193(73.1 %) remained enrolled in care at end of study period. An overall viral suppression of 74.2 %( 132) was recorded. Of all the files reviewed, 121(74.7%) of patients attending school suppressed against 11(68.8 %) out of school, p=0.280. Suppression among Day and boarding reported at 78.6 %( 11) and 74.8 %( 113) of those out of school, respectively, p=0.533. Participants in primary school, 17(85.0%) suppressed better than those in secondary school, 102(73.4%), p=0.263. Keeping clinic appointments among eligible patient files reviewed decreased from 83.1% at 3 months, p=0.016, to 76.6%, p=0.526 at 6 months and to 52.9% at 12 months, p=0.278. Only 3- month clinic appointment return rates and Enhanced Adherence Counseling (EAC) were significant predictors of viral supression χ2 (2) = 0.280, p = 0.869 (> 0.05).

Conclusion: The clinic attendance rate within the first 3 months, and Enhanced Adherence Counseling (EAC) were signif- icant predictors of viral suppression, and therefore adherence to antiretroviral therapy.

Keywords: Adherence; clinic attendance; antiretroviral therapy; HIV; virologic suppression.
Retention of pediatric patients in care: a study of the Kibera Community Health Center HIV/AIDS Program
Authors: K Muli-Kinagwi Sara , Ndirangu Meshack , Gachuno Onesmus , Muhula Samuel
Published: May 2021

Background: In 2011, 3.4 million children were living with HIV worldwide1.

Objectives: Describe the characteristics of pediatric patients enrolled into the HIV program at the Kibera community health center between January 2012 and March 2013. Determine the proportion of enrolled paediatric patients lost to follow up. Determine the correlates associated with retention and loss to follow up.

Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study of program data of all pediatric patients enrolled into the HIV pro- gram in the facility between January 2012 and March 2013. The data was analyzed using SPSS.

Results: Of the 100 pediatric patients enrolled during the study period, 79 and 21 were HIV negative and positive respec- tively. Only 4 (5%) of the HIV exposed Infants and 11 (52%) of the HIV positive children were started on ART within the study period. The retention rate of the children at 3 months was 87% while the retention at both 12 and 15 months was 79%. There was an association between the mother or guardian disclosing their status and the retention of the child (p-value 0.026).

Conclusion: The disclosure of the HIV status by parent/guardian to the child was associated with better retention of the children in the program.

Keyword: Pediatric patients in care; Kibera community health center; HIV/AIDS.
Dietary knowledge, attitude and practice among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Sudan: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahagoub Idrees Adam Halla , Mohammed Elmosaad Yousif , Elawad Ahmed Abd Elbasit , Khan Asif , Mahmud Ilias
Published: May 2021

Background: In Sudan, the prevalence of diabetes in adults was estimated at 19.1% in 2015. This study assessed dietary knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Sudan.

Methods: We randomly selected 238 T2DM patients from a list of 2460 patients from the Jabber Abulizz Hospital. We interviewed them face-to-face using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the determinants of KAP regarding the recommended diets for T2DM patients.

Results: Majority of the patients demonstrated good knowledge (54.6%), positive attitude (79%); and good practice (58%). The result revealed that patients with formal education had 3.0 (95% CI: 1.6-5.7) times higher odds of having good diabetic dietary knowledge than those with informal education. While patients who had good knowledge and a positive attitude were respectively 4.7 (95% CI: 2.4-8.9) and 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5-6.7) times more likely to follow dietary recommendations than the patients with poor knowledge and negative attitudes.

Conclusion: Irrespective of the socio-demographic position, the good knowledge and the positive attitude towards the rec- ommended diet, all the T2DM patients complied with the dietary recommendations. These findings highlight the need for improving knowledge and promoting positive attitudes towards the recommended diet among T2DM patients.

Keywords: Dietary knowledge; type 2 diabetes mellitus; Sudan.
Clustering time trends of breast cancer incidence in Africa: a 27-year longitudinal study in 53 countries
Authors: Saberian Mehran , Mehrabani Kamran , Raeisi Shahraki Hadi
Published: May 2021

Background: Breast cancer is the most common, frequently diagnosed cancer with the highest incidence among female worldwide. Although the incidence is decreasing in developed countries, it is on increase in most of the African countries.

Objective: This study aimed to identify different time trends of breast cancer incidence among African countries using latent mixture approach.

Methods: The information includes newly diagnosed breast cancer patients per 100,000 women for 53 African countries in a period of 1990-2016. Latent mixture modeling was performed in Mplus 7.4 software.

Results: The overall trend of breast cancer in Africa was increasing. Latent mixture model with 5 clusters was estimated as the best using fit indices and linear growth trajectories were specified for each cluster. Nigeria was the only country which belongs to a cluster with negative slope indicating a slow decrease in the breast cancer incidence; also, Seychelles was the only country that showed a sharp increase over time. 31 countries belonged to a cluster with a slope of 0.08, indicating that the incidence of breast cancer is almost constant over time. Cluster 3 including Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Central African Republic, Cote d’lvoire, Equatorial Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Namibia, Somalia, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda and Zimbabwe and cluster 2 including Gabon, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia and Congo showed a slow and moderate increase in the incidence of breast cancer, respectively.

Conclusion: Providing health education programs is essential in African countries with rising trend of breast cancer during the last decades.

Keywords: Africa; breast cancer; incidence; latent mixture model; trend.
Editorial
Authors: Ssempebwa Jude
Published: May 2021

I am delighted to welcome you to the eleventh volume of the Makerere Journal of Higher Education (MAJOHE). The two issues in the volume are being published at the same time, belatedly! However, it is a better volume, thanks to the insights (and energy) of the new additions to our management board and to the support of Mrs. Sioux Cumming (Programme Specialist at the International Network for Advancing Science and Policy [INASP]). Sioux’s support was given under the auspices of a training workshop on Improving Journal Publishing Practices and Standards hosted by the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST) in August 2019. At the workshop, I decided that, on returning home, we would upgrade some features of MAJOHE to reach the gold standard. As it turned out, however, it would take us some time and significant work to get there, which is why I am very proud to announce that we are now there. Moreover, the volume is also quite diverse—with writing drawn from Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda and touching on teacher education, technology in higher education, university governance, student loan schemes, pedagogy, TVET, student services and marketization. I hope you find the volume a useful resource. As usual, the Board and I thank the authors for submitting their work and for working hard to revise it as advised; the reviewers for giving the authors constructive feedback; and African Journals Online (AJOL) for hosting the journal online.
Sanitation Practices among Undergraduate Students at the University of Benin, Nigeria
Authors: Igudia E O , Agbonifoh J A
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the sanitation practices among undergraduate students in halls of residents in University of Benin. The study followed a descriptive research design. The students residing in the halls of residents in Ugbowo campus at University of Benin constituted the study population. The sample size for was 400 students. These were selected through multi stage sampling. A structured questionnaire designed by the researchers titled “personal attributes influencing sanitation practices among undergraduate students” was used. The instrument was validated by three experts and when subjected to reliability testing, a reliability coefficient of 0.72 was obtained. Data collected was analysed using frequency counts and percentages. The findings were that sanitation practices among the students are poor and that age and gender influenced these practices. It was also found that inadequate water supply, poor toilet facilities, insufficient toilets, bathroom and waste disposal facilities and poor drainage system are major causes of poor sanitation in the halls of residents. It was recommended that there is need to educate the students on cleanliness during their orientation exercise and that keeping the environment clean on campus should be a joint responsibility of the school authority and students.
Justifications for Undertaking Marketing Orientation Studies in Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania
Authors: Muya Francis , Tundui Hawa
Published: May 2021

This paper was written with the major aim of presenting a number of issues which justify the undertaking of marketing orientation studies in Tanzania Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs). It was also the intention of the authors to give a brief picture of marketing practice in Tanzania environment and on the higher learning institutions. The information used in this paper was mainly collected through review of literatures on articles which focused on marketing orientation and higher learning institutions. The review of literature revealed that different aspects including challenges facing HLIs, sectoral variation, geographical concentrated literatures, qualitative based studies, review of literature based studies, single informants responses, small samples problems and limited responses limitations are major issues justifying undertaking a marketing orientation study in Tanzania HLIs.
Emotional Competence and Leadership Styles of Managers in Private Universities in Uganda
Authors: Kiggundu ZF
Published: May 2021

This short paper, a part of a wider study on the effectiveness of university managers in Uganda, reports on the emotional competence and leadership styles of managers in private universities in the country. Using data elicited from 240 respondents drawn from eight (8) private universities in the country, the paper reports a direct relationship between the emotional competence and leadership styles of the managers. However, the paper also observes, capacity building for the university managers has not paid due attention to the need to enhance the managers’ emotional competence. Accordingly, the paper recommends that efforts to enhance the managers’ effectiveness should endeavour to enhance their emotional competence.Keywords: Emotional competence; Governance; Human resources development.
Effect of Instructional Medium on Students’ Performance: A Comparison of Reading and Oral Instruction in Nigeria
Authors: Korb Katrina A. , Gono Binfa Kelvin , Jinadu Samuel Adekunle , John Abangom Ruth , Mwoltu Gabriel N. , Oona Rimdan Nanle
Published: May 2021

Nigeria has a rich oral tradition. In the pre-literate Nigerian culture, knowledge and wisdom were shared through the oral methods of proverbs and storytelling. However, in modern formal education, knowledge is communicated largely through text. The purpose of this paper was to compare students’ performance based on these instructional mediums. Two studies using a between-subjects experimental design were conducted among Nigerian university students. Both studies included two conditions: lecture (oral) and reading (text). In both conditions, the same content was presented. In the reading condition, students read the content as an article whereas in the lecture condition, students listened to the content as a lecture. Post-test examination performance was then compared. Both experiments found that reading resulted in considerably higher academic performance than lecturing.Keywords: Instructional medium; Curriculum innovation; Teaching and learning
Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev, Essai autobiographique « Qui suis-je ? » : lettre aux membres de la Commission centrale de contrôle avec copie àI. V. Staline et L. D. Trotsky (23/05/1923)
Authors: Hallez Xavier
Published: May 2021

This article introduces extended extracts, translated into French, of Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev’s autobiography written in prison in 1923. Sultan-Galiev(1892-1940) is the most well-known and most influential Muslim communist from Russia over the period 1918-1923. His disgrace was provoked by his refusal of Stalin’s national policy during the discussion on the future USSR’s constitution.He was accused for making an attempt « to unify all Nationals from the peripherals against the Centre » and to be «an anti-party and anti-soviet element». Sultan-Galiev wrote a long and singular autobiography, entitled « Who am I ? », in order to justify his positions and to demonstrate his revolutionary commitment. It is preceded by a letter addressed to the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party and to Stalin and Trotsky, where he analyses the soviet national policy and explains his disagreements with the official line.

cet article présente de larges extraits traduits de l’autobiographie de Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev (1892-1940), écrite en détention en 1923. Sultan-Galievfut un des plus connus et des plus influents communistes musulmans de Russie entre 1918 et 1923. Sa disgrâce fut provoquée par son opposition à la politique nationale stalinienne lors du débat sur la future constitution de l’URSS. Il fut accusé d’avoir tenté « de lier tous les nationaux des régions périphériques pour la lutte contre le centre » et d’être un « élément anti-parti et anti-soviétique ». Sultan-Galiev écrivit une longue et originale autobiographie, intitulée « Qui suis-je ? » pour justifier sa position et démontrer son engagement révolutionnaire.Elle est introduite par une lettre adressée à la Commission de contrôle centrale du Parti communiste et à Staline et Trotsky, dans laquelle il analyse la politique nationale soviétique et les raisons de ses désaccords avec la ligne officielle.

В статье представлены главные выдержки автобиографии Мирсаида Султан-Галиева (1892-1940) написанные им в заключении в 1923г. и переведенные на французский. Султан-Галиев был одним из наиболее известных и наиболее влиятельных мусульманских коммунистов России между 1918 и 1923 гг. Его оппозиция сталинской национальной политике во время обсуждения будущей конституции СССР спровоцировала его попаданием в опалу. Он был обвинен в том, что пытался «связать всех националов из окраин для борьбы против центра » и быть «анти- партийным и анти-советским элементом». Султан-Галиев написал длинную и оригинальную автобиографию « Кто же я ? » чтобы оправдать и доказать свою революционную позицию. К ней преложено письмо, направленное в Центральную Ревизионную Комиссию Коммунистической партии, а также Сталину и Tроцкому, в котором он анализирует советскую национальную политику и причины своих несогласий с линией партии.
Impartial or Involved, European or Polish? In Search of the Identity of the Reporter (Today We’re Going to Draw Death by Wojciech Tochman)
Authors: Sokołowicz Małgorzata
Published: May 2021

The present paper discusses Today We’re Going to Draw Death, a Polish reportage by Wojciech Tochman, dealing with Tutsi genocide of 1994. The analyses show that the narrator‑reporter becomes an independent protagonist of the text. His approach towards what he describes, his commitment or his impartiality as well as his European spirit dominating the Polish one seem to constitute the features of the contemporary reportage where nothing is given to the reader obliged to look for the meaning altogether with the reporter.

Le présent article se penche sur Aujourd’hui, nous allons dessiner la mort, livrereportage de l’auteur polonais Wojciech Tochman, qui traite du génocide des Tutsis de 1994. Les analyses montrent que le narrateur-reporter devient un héros à part entière dans le texte. Son attitude par rapport à ce qu’il raconte, son engagement ou son impartialité ainsi que l’esprit européen qui l’emporte sur la mentalité polonaise, deviennent des marques du reportage contemporain où rien n’est donné au lecteur qui doit chercher le sens avec le reporter.

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest książce Dzisiaj narysujemy śmierć polskiego reportera Wojciecha Tochmana opisującej, głównie poprzez świadectwa tych, którzy przeżyli, ludobójstwo Tutsi w Ruandzie w 1994 roku. Artykuł pokazuje, że narratorreporter staje się również bohaterem tekstu. Jego stosunek do tego, co opowiada, jego bezstronność lub zaangażowanie, jak również jego europejskość dominująca nad polskością zdają się wskazywać na cechy współczesnego reportażu, gdzie nic nie jest dane czytelnikowi, który wraz z reporterem ma szukać odpowiedzi na trudne pytania.
The Institutions of Stupor. Review of Event Sociologies
Authors: Mitsushima Nagisa
Published: May 2021

Título : « Las instituciones del estupor : Retorno a las sociologías del evento ». Este artículo sostiene que el evento, asociado habitualmente a la contingencia y lo inédito, se encuentra en realidad sostenido por una sólida armadura institucional que limita en gran medida qué y qué no es posible hacer. A partir de una recensión de la literatura, este artículo aboga por una mejora en la toma en consideración por parte de las ciencias sociales de las dimensiones históricas y convencionales del evento. A partir de propuestas para aprehender esta infraestructura de eventos, formularemos una modalidad complementaria de análisis del objeto “evento” desde la óptica de la sociología histórica y la sociología de las instituciones.

“The institutions of stupor. Review of event sociologies”. This article argues that events, deemed to be defined through the scope of contingency and disruption, are actually tied to a strong institutional framework that greatly constrains what could be done and said during the event. A literature review shows that social sciences should take better account of historical and conventional dimensions of events. By putting forward proposals to study the infrastructure of events, the article’s goal is to specify a complementary analysis of the object "event", through the prism of historical sociology and sociology of institutions.

L’événement, généralement attaché à la contingence et à l’inédit, semble en réalité soutenu par une solide armature institutionnelle, laquelle contraint largement les pratiques des acteurs et les usages qu’ils pourront faire de l’évènement. A partir d’une revue de littérature, l’article plaide pour une meilleure prise en compte, par les sciences sociales, des dimensions historiques et conventionnelles de l’événement. En avançant une série de propositions pour saisir cette infrastructure des événements, l’article entend spécifier une modalité complémentaire d’analyse de l’objet « événement », au prisme de la sociologie historique et de la sociologie des institutions.
Village for social inclusion: a territorial event?
Authors: Roche Elise
Published: May 2021

The event is a regular topic of history and sociology. Crossing historic field and social geography, we suggest the concept of « territorial event ». This article examines how the spatial approach could improve the concept of event, exceeding the time or media analysis approach. This study is focused on two specific housing projects for Roma, named « Village for social inclusion » and both located in Saint-Denis (93). Roma people live specific social difficulties, because of their migratory status. Characteristics of « territorial event » are in number of three: (1) the new territorial structure bring out surprise and a lack of comprehension; (2) the event is established as “event” for specific actors and specific scale: it depends of the context and it allows to detect several territorial and historical structures; (3) the shortage in the structure of territory: it will be different before and after the territorial event.

L’événement a fait l’objet d’attentions diverses en histoire et en sociologie notamment. Nous proposons ici d’examiner en quoi une approche géographique de l’événement - par une saisie territoriale, et non seulement temporelle ou sociétale - viendrait enrichir son appréhension. Nous envisageons ici l’« événement territorial » en l’appliquant à un cas d’étude : la construction de villages d’insertion à Saint-Denis. Ces dispositifs sont à destination de populations migrantes désignées comme « Roms » par les acteurs locaux, qui rencontrent des difficultés spécifiques liées notamment aux conditions de leur migration. Nous examinerons trois aspects de l’événement territorial : la rupture d’intelligibilité qu’il occasionne et la surprise face à une organisation territoriale inédite ; la pluralité de territorialités et de temporalités qu’il met en lumière et son caractère situé et contextualisé ; la discontinuité qu’il traduit dans l’approche territoriale du traitement de l’habitat spontané auto-construit.

L'evento è stato spesso un oggetto della storia e della sociologia. Proponiamo di analizzare come la geografia sociale potrebbe sviluppare il suo trattamento via un approccio territoriale, e non solo temporale o societale. Studiremo per caso di studio del « evento territoriale » due « villaggi per l'integrazione » di Saint-Denis (93). Questi villaggi sono costruiti per un gruppo di migranti identificati come « Rom » dagli attori locali. In fatti, questi migranti avevano uno statuto particolare fino a 2014, che rendeva molto difficile la loro integrazione. I caratteri dei questi eventi territoriali sono in tre : (1) l'evento crea una rottura nella comprensione e ha per conseguenza della sorpresa da parte degli attori. (2) Quest'evento è « evento » per attori specifici e per una scala anche specifica : dipende dunque del contesto che ci permette di identificare strutture territoriale e storiche. (3) Quest'evento territoriale constituisce una discontinuità nel trattamento del alloggio auto-costruito e spontaneo (campi nomadi).
Die Lehre der Pariser Geschehnisse von Januar 2015 : das „zweierlei Gewicht und Mass Prinzip“ vs Universalismus
Authors: Amselle Jean-Loup
Published: May 2021

« Die Lehre der Pariser Geschehnisse von Januar 2015 : das „zweierlei Gewicht und Mass Prinzip“ vs Universalismus ». In diesem Text wird die Idee des republikanischen Universalimus, der seit ein paar Jahren in den öffentlichen Reden –es sei von links oder von rechts gesinnten Politikern, von Gelehrten, von Vereinen, usw.- in Abrede gestellt worden ist, wieder diskutiert. Der Autor warnt uns vor einer hervorragenden rassischen Vorstellung der französischen Gesellschaft. Diese Vorstellung widerspiegelt sich so wohl in der Anklage gegen das „zweierlei Gewicht und Mass“ Prinzip seitens mancher Vereine, wie in der Gegenüberstellung der verschiedenen Opfer des Rassenhasses, des Antisemitismus und der Islamophobie.

“Lessons learned from the January 2015 Paris attacks: Double standards and Universalism”. This paper revisits the notion of republican universalism which has been challenged for by the highly publicized statements of right- and left-wing political leaders for several years, as well as by intellectuals and associations. The author’s intent is to warn against the predominance of a racialized view of French society, reflected in the challenge of the “double standard” principle by certain associations and in the competition created between the various victims of racism, anti-Semitism and Islamophobia.

Cette tribune revient sur la notion d’universalisme républicain mise à mal depuis quelques années par les déclarations très médiatisées de différents responsables politiques, de droite comme de gauche, tout autant que par des intellectuels et des associations. L’auteur met en garde contre la prééminence d’une vision racialisée de la société française, reflétée à travers la mise en accusation du principe de « deux poids-deux mesures » brandie par certaines associations et par la mise en concurrence des différentes victimes du racisme, de l’antisémitisme et de l’islamophobie.
Confronting the non-event: Reflections based on fieldwork in Algiers
Authors: Serres Thomas
Published: May 2021

This article studies the production and the reception of a "non-event" by drawing on the Algerian presidential elections of 2014. It argues that a non-event must be understood as the product of a publicization, of the expectations of the observers and actors who anticipate a revolutionary or catastrophic future, and of social and political routine activities that also contribute to its appearance. While the non-event is not a clear break, it can still be interrogated in order to reveal the social structures and imaginaries that lead to its production. In the meantime, a certain distance from the "non event" is necessary to grasp less spectacular phenomena that it tends to obscure

Cet article s'intéresse à la production et à la réception d'un non-événement, à partir de l'exemple des élections présidentielles algériennes de 2014. Le non-événement y est décrit comme le produit d'une publicisation, d'attentes des observateurs et des acteurs qui anticipent une trajectoire révolutionnaire ou catastrophique, mais aussi de certaines activités routinières liées à la configuration politique. Si le non-événement n'est pas une rupture, il révèle néanmoins la complexité des structures sociales et des imaginaires collectifs. Dans le même temps, il nécessite aussi une prise de distance afin de pouvoir saisir des phénomènes moins spectaculaires qu'il tend à cacher
Projet scientifique et description de la revue Sociétés plurielles
Authors: Pelus-Kaplan Marie-Louise , Chomentowski Gabrielle , Crips Liliane , Vartejanu-Joubert Madalina
Published: May 2021

The Review “Sociétés Plurielles” is part of the homonymous Interdisciplinary Research Programme whose aim is to approach the fundamental topic of plurality and pluralism by creatively associating humanities and social sciences. “Sociétés Plurielles” is a double-blind peer review academic journal publishing, in thematic or Varia issues, papers showing a strong interdisciplinary commitment. When preparing the inaugural issue, in 2015, the editorial board had to face the tragic events that occurred in France at that time, mainly the attacks against Charlie Hebdo and against the kosher store at Porte de Vincennes. Those circumstances led us to interrogate, on an epistemological as well as methodological level, the very place of the “event” in the social and human sciences. The present volume gathers together historians, sociologists, geographers and political scientists who address this question through several and specific case studies.

La revue Sociétés plurielles est née des aspirations du programme de recherche « Sociétés plurielles » associant des chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales de diverses disciplines réunis autour d’un objet commun : la pluralité de nos sociétés. Que ce soit à travers des numéros thématiques ou des varias, le comité de rédaction de la revue Sociétés plurielles propose des articles évalués en double aveugle et démontrant la pertinence de l’approche interdisciplinaire. Saisi par les événements tragiques qui ont eu lieu en France en 2015 – à commencer par les attentats contre Charlie Hebdo et contre l’épicerie casher de la Porte de Vincennes – le comité de rédaction a voulu porter dans ce premier numéro une réflexion sur l’épreuve à laquelle les sciences humaines et sociales sont confrontées face à l’événement tant sur le plan épistémologique que sur le plan méthodologique. Historiens, sociologues, géographes et politistes portent donc dans ce premier numéro de Sociétés plurielles, chacun à travers des exemples différents, une réflexion sur le rapport entre sciences humaines et sociales et événement.
A Place and a Link. The Socialist Intellectual Space
Authors: Rioufreyt Thibaut
Published: May 2021

épi-revue, première diffusion HAL :12 mars 2020

The production of political ideas goes beyond the organizational boundaries of the political parties and takes place through the mediation of collective actors ( foundations, clubs, think tanks, magazines, publishers, grandes écoles, research centers, universities,...) and individuals (political leaders, intellectuals, experts, translators, editors,...) coming from logics and heterogeneous social spaces. In this perspective, this article proposes to interrogate the topological concepts available to the social scientist (network, social world, field, epistemic community,...) to analyze these hybrid spaces by applying them to an empirical case : the socialiste intellectual space.

La production des idées politiques dépasse les seules frontières organisationnelles des partis et s’effectue à travers la médiation d’acteurs collectifs (fondations, clubs, think tanks, revues, maisons d’éditions, grandes écoles, centres de recherche, universités,  ...) et individuels (responsables politiques, intellectuels, experts, traducteurs, éditeurs,  ...) à la croisée de logiques et d’espaces sociaux hétérogènes. Dans cette perspective, cet article se propose d’interroger les concepts topologiques à disposition du chercheur en sciences sociales (réseau, monde social, champ, communauté épistémique, ...) pour pouvoir analyser ces lieux hybrides en les appliquant à un cas empirique : l’espace intellectuel socialiste.
The Public Debate on the Port of Religious Signs by the Representatives of The State in Québec (2007‑2018). Between Agreement and Disagreement
Authors: Gauthier Gilles
Published: May 2021

El artículo hace el examen de la evolución del debate apreciado en Quebec desde más de una decena de años sobre el puerto de signos religiosos por los representantes del Estado poniendo en evidencia cómo osciló entre acuerdo y desacuerdo. El análisis muestra que los desplazamientos del debate son determinados por la introducción en su pecho de infra-debates que se refiere en cuestiones subyacentes que modifican los contornos y, a falta de seres plenamente aclarados, lo oscurecen.

The article examines the evolution of the debate held in Quebec for more than ten years on the port of religious symbols by the representatives of the State by highlighting how it oscillated between agreement and disagreement. The analysis shows that the movements of the debate are determined by the introduction within it of infra‑debates on underlying questions which modify it outlines and, for lack of completely clarified beings, confuse it.

L’article fait l’examen de l’évolution du débat tenu au Québec depuis plus d’une  dizaine  d’années sur le port de signes religieux par les représentants de l’État en mettant en évidence comment il a oscillé entre accord et désaccord. L’analyse montre que les déplacements du débat sont déterminés par l’introduction en son sein d’infra-débats portant sur des questions sous jacentes qui en modifient les contours et, à défaut d’être pleinement explicités, l’obscurcissent.
Beyond the Veil. A Comparative Study between France and India
Authors: Lécuyer Laurence
Published: May 2021

The ghunghat is a veiling practice of North India. Its peculiarity holds in the fact that it is not linked to a religion. It reveals the social and family organisation in India, is tightly linked with marriage practices and mirrors the representations of the self and of the body. An anthropological analysis of this practice reveals its multiple dimensions, especially a social, aesthetic and sacred dimension. A comparative study between the way the veil is conceived both in India and in France will allow to rethink the veil beyond the religious and political dimensions in which it is crystalized in the French context.

Le ghunghat est un voile du Nord  de  l’Inde. Il a pour particularité d’être non confessionnel. Son lien est étroit avec les systèmes de parenté, d’alliance, d’organisation familiale d’Inde du Nord, et reflète les systèmes de représentations et de constructions du corps. Une analyse anthropologique de ce voile fait ressortir ses dimensions sociales, esthétiques, et son lien au sacré. Le voile en tant qu’objet polysémique doit être repensé selon une perspective comparative qui permet de sortir des cristallisations autour des seules dimensions religieuses et politiques dans lesquelles le voile a été enfermé dans le contexte socio-politique français.
The Impact of the Monegasque National Preference System on the Construction of the Identity of the Population of the Principality of Monaco
Authors: Tourbeaux Jérôme
Published: May 2021

The Principality of Monaco has the particularity of having instituted a system of hierarchical national preference favoring Monegasques first, then individuals who share more or less close ties with the Principality, particularly in the fields of employment and housing. The objective of the principality is to maintain the national citizens in the territory given its attractiveness and the pressure on the cost of real estate that results. This article proposes to discuss this system of national preference which, from a conceptual point of view certainly influences the identity-building process of the different categories of individuals residing in Monaco, thus shaping the relations between the different groups present in the country.

La principauté de Monaco présente la particularité d’avoir institué un système de préférence nationale hiérarchique favorisant d’abord les Monégasques, puis les individus qui partagent des liens plus ou moins étroits avec la principauté, notamment dans les domaines de l’emploi et du logement. L’objectif de la principauté est de maintenir les citoyens nationaux sur le territoire compte tenu de son attractivité et de la pression sur le coût de l’immobilier qui en résulte. Le présent article propose de discuter de ce système de préférence nationale qui, d’un point de vue conceptuel, influence certainement le processus de construction identitaire des différentes catégories d’individus qui résident à Monaco, façonnant ainsi les relations entre les différents groupes présents dans le pays.
Carajás: bibliografia atualizada e comentada sobre os estudos realizados pelo Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
Authors: Secco Ricardo De Souza , Do Rosário Alessandro Silva , Ruivo Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro
Published: May 2021

Informações documentais sobre a Serra dos Carajás, compiladas até o ano de 1983, foram publicadas em dois volumes pelo Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Tais volumes não contemplaram informações sobre a maioria dos estudos ambientais e em biodiversidade feitos na área, com a participação de pesquisadores do Museu Goeldi. Atualmente, há uma demanda crescente por informações sobre o assunto, o que vem sendo constatado através de inúmeras consultas feitas por pesquisadores do Brasil e do exterior, notadamente sobre a fauna, a flora e o ambiente daquela região. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste levantamento é fornecer uma compilação atualizada e comentada sobre as pesquisas realizadas em Carajás por pesquisadores da instituição e colaboradores, como um apêndice complementar deste número especial.
Effects of pollution and climate change on the ecosystem components
Authors: Lykholat Yuriy
Published: May 2021

The book contains the study results of the environmental and soil conditions of the transformed territories, the ecological patterns of woody plants natural communities’ formation as well as the features of the herbaceous communities’ succession in flooded areas. The current state of forest areas is highlighted, the problems of forest management and their exploitation in Ukraine are outlined. Aspects of anthropogenic impact on natural aquatic ecosystems are shown and various biotesting methods of negative effects are characterized. The relationship between the presence of exogenous biologically active chemical compounds in the environment and damage to the endocrine system of animals has been revealed. The scientific manuscript is intended for ecologists, specialists interested in environmental management and environmental protection. The book may be useful for graduate students and scientific researchers.
CRITICAL SIZES OF STANDING NUCLEAR BURNING WAVES IN SYSTEMS WITH EXTERNAL CONTROL
Authors: Leleko Yu.Ya. , Gann V.V.
Published: May 2021

The theory of standing waves of nuclear combustion in reactors having a flat, cylindrical or spherical shape of the core is developed. A spherical standing wave occurs when nuclear burning propagates radially from the center of the sphere, and 238UO2 fuel moves to the center and is removed from the system. The stability limits of standing waves of nuclear burning are investigated. It has been established that for standing waves there are minimum (critical) sizes at which they exist. Mathematical modeling of standing waves using the MCNPX code was carried out and critical sizes of standing waves of various symmetries were determined.
SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THERMAL SAFETY ANALYSIS OF DRY STORAGE OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL ON ZAPORIZHSKA NPP
Authors: Alyokhina S. , Kostikov A. , Koriahina I.
Published: May 2021

Now only one Dry Storage Facility of Spent Nuclear Fuel (DSFSNF) is operated in Ukraine. It is the facility on Zaporizhska NPP. Many different thermal investigations were done for ventilated containers of DSFSNF. In this study the generalization of scientific approaches to the thermal safety assessment are carried out. The multi-stage approach to the definition of thermal state of containers' group, single container, spent fuel assemblies and fuel rods was developed. Detailed thermal profiles of spent fuel assemblies inside storage container were calculated. With usage of multi-stage approach the thermal simulations of the influence of outer factors onto thermal state of containers was carried out. Results of thermal investigations were generalized and factors, which are influence on thermal state of containers, are detected. The method of spent nuclear fuel thermal state prediction and suggestion for improving the system of thermal monitoring were proposed.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON RADIOACTIVE WASTE IMMOBILIZATION IN LOW-TEMPERATURE MAGNESIUMPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE CERAMIC MATRIX
Authors: Sayenko S.Yu. , Shkuropatenko V.A. , Pylypenko A.V. , Zykova A.V. , Karsim S.A. , Andrieieva V.V. , Moshta S.V.
Published: May 2021

Results of the studies carried out in NSC KIPT on application of magnesium-potassium phosphate ceramic matrices for immobilization of cesium, clinoptilolite with a cesium and solidified simulators of highly-active waste with high salt content are presented. The high radiation stability and corrosion resistance of the magnesiumpotassium phosphate ceramic matrices to leaching of radionuclide simulators, as well as basic components of solidified ceramic compounds were determined. It was shown that magnesium-potassium phosphate matrices for the solidification of liquid radioactive wastes of low and middle activity level, including waste with increased salt content, can be used in Ukrainian NPPs.
INFLUENCE OF VACUUM ACTIVATED DIFFUSION CHROMING ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SURFACE OF STEEL 25X1MF
Authors: Rudenkyi S.G. , Zmij V.I. , Kartzev N.F. , Korneev A.A. , Kunchenko A.V. , Kunchenko V.V. , Kunchenko Y.V. , Marinin V.G. , Kovalenko V.I. , Bortnytska M.O. , Ryzhova T.P. , Lashenko I.A.
Published: May 2021

In the work, the surface of samples made of 25X1MF steel was saturated with chromium. For this, the method of vacuum activated diffusion chromium plating was used. In this process, sodium chloride was used as an activator. It was found that vacuum activated diffusion chromium plating of samples made of 25Kh1MF steel leads to the formation of a surface layer containing from 87 to 97 wt.% of this element. It was found that an increase in the temperature of the process and its duration leads to an increase in the chromium content on the surface of the samples. The tests showed that in the case of cavitations-erosion effects on the surface of chrome-plated samples of steel 25X1MF they have higher resistance. With abrasive wear, the resistance of the chrome-plated steel surface is 1.8 to 3 times higher compared to untreated material.
Medidas de desempeño en la logística humanitaria: revisión de literatura
Authors: López-Vargas Juan Camilo , Cárdenas-Aguirre Diana María
Published: May 2021

El propósito de este trabajo es describir y analizar las medidas de desempeño utilizadas en la logística humanitaria. Basados en la importancia de medir el desempeño en los procesos de preparación y atención de desastres, así como en los aportes encontrados en la literatura, se concluye que las medidas de desempeño para estas operaciones pueden enmarcarse en dos objetivos principales: eficiencia y efectividad. No obstante, estos objetivos presentan diferentes prioridades de acuerdo con la fase del ciclo de la gestión de desastres, dado que, en las fases previas al desastre, los propósitos están más enfocados hacia la eficiencia operacional, mientras en las fases posteriores al desastre, los objetivos de efectividad cobran mayor importancia.
Sugerencias Psicopedagógicas para lograr una autoestima adecuada en los niños en situación de discapacidad
Authors: Escobar Eddy Betancourt
Published: May 2021

El nacimiento de un hijo con características especiales o distintas a la media, es un acontecimiento duro de aceptar por toda familia. El ideal de hijo esperado es de un niño hermoso físicamente y que sea la alegría de toda la familia como resultado de una de sus funciones vitales; se necesita estar preparados para poder irradiar alegría y recibirlos con amor para que sean educados en ese ambiente. El trabajo presentado refiere a la preparación que desde la escuela debe recibir la familia del niño con déficit en el desarrollo o necesidades educativas especiales, para que desde su situación de discapacidad puedan elevar su autoestima, siendo esta uno de los componentes psicológicos en la formación de la personalidad más dañados y estigmatizados en las personas que sufren algún déficit en su desarrollo. La propuesta presentada, es un pequeño aporte consistente en alternativas a tener en cuenta, para contribuir desde las ciencias pedagógicas en la preparación de los docentes y de las familias para incidir en el mejoramiento de la autoestima de los niños con estas características, propiciándoles un mejor estado de ánimo psicológico que les facilite afrontar la vida, sus retos en plena armonía y participación activa en la sociedad.
Türkiye’de Fijital (Phygital) Pazarlama Uygulamaları Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma: Bref’le Hijyene Yolculuk Projesi Örneği
Authors: ŞEKER Arzu
Published: May 2021

Fijital pazarlama, tüketicilere en iyi deneyimi sunmak için fiziksel ve dijital kanalları senkronize ederek bir arada kullanmaktadır. Çok daha güçlü ve etkili olan bu pazarlama anlayışı, markanın tanınabilirliğini artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de çok az sayıdaki fijital pazarlama uygulama örneklerinden ilki olan “Bref’le Hijyene Yolculuk Projesi” örnek olay olarak incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak markanın ürün müdürüyle derinlemesine görüşme gerçekleştirilmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç itibariyle yeni teknolojilerin benimsenerek kullanılmasıyla değişimin öncüsü olma veya değişen trendleri yakalamada, tüketiciye daha çok şey hissettirme ve anlatmada, müşteri kazanma ve müşteri sadakati oluşturmada, eğlenceli ve heyecan verici kişisel deneyimler yaşatarak tüketicilere çok daha etkin mesaj vermede ve etkileşim kurmakta fijital pazarlama uygulamalarının oldukça başarılı sonuçlar verdiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Non-Life Insurance Sector Premiums and Economic Growth: The Nigerian Experience
Authors:   Department of Banking and Finance, Imo State University Owerri Imo State,, Bernard. O Prof. Osuka,
Published: May 2021

The study examined the relationship amid Non-life insurance premiums and economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981–2017. The study measured fire premium, Accident premiums, Motor vehicle premium, Marine premiums and miscellaneous premiums as proxies for Insurance sector premiums while Real Gross Domestic Products was used as proxy for Economic growth for the said periods under review. In the course of the study, data were obtained from the website of Central Bank Statistical bulletin and annual report of NIA digest. The Phillips Perron type was used to test for unit root. The Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and Bounds test was used to estimate the short and long run relationships. This study found a positive relationship at some lag periods amid the independent variables and the dependent variable. However, the relationships were not significant both at the short run and long run. Insurance firms should leverage on fire and accident insurance policies to boost high premiums. Adequate public awareness and education should be carried out by insurance firms to enable members of the public to enter into insurance contract. Strong legal framework should be introduced to protect the insured to claim indemnity at the event of litigation arising from insurance contract disputes. Government should make legislations that would encourage individuals and business organizations to hold insurance policies with the aim of pooling insurance premiums for economic growth.