bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicausal systems ask for multicausal approaches: A network perspective on subjective well-being in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Deserno Marie K , Borsboom Denny , Begeer Sander , Geurts Hilde M
Published: August 2016

Given the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder, an important limitation of much autism spectrum disorder research is that outcome measures are statistically modeled as separate dependent variables. Often, their multivariate structure is either ignored or treated as a nuisance. This study aims to lift this limitation by applying network analysis to explicate the multivariate pattern of risk and success factors for subjective well-being in autism spectrum disorder. We estimated a network structure for 27 potential factors in 2341 individuals with autism spectrum disorder to assess the centrality of specific life domains and their importance for well-being. The data included both self- and proxy-reported information. We identified social satisfaction and societal contribution as the strongest direct paths to subjective well-being. The results suggest that an important contribution to well-being lies in resources that allow the individual to engage in social relations, which influence well-being directly. Factors most important in determining the network’s structure include self-reported IQ, living situation, level of daily activity, and happiness. Number of family members with autism spectrum disorder and openness about one’s diagnosis are least important of all factors for subjective well-being. These types of results can serve as a roadmap for interventions directed at improving the well-being of individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
Health Promotion at the Ballpark
Authors: Hodges Bonni C.
Published: August 2016

The arrival of a new summer collegiate baseball league franchise to a small central New York city was seen as an opportunity for health promotion. The initiative was set up to explore two overarching questions: (1) Are summer collegiate baseball events acceptable to local public health organizations as viable places for health promotion activities addressing local health issues? (2) Are summer collegiate baseball organizations amenable to health promotion activities built in to their fan and/or player experiences? Planning and implementation were guided by precede–proceed, social cognitive theory, social marketing, and diffusion of innovations constructs. Environmental changes were implemented to support healthy eating and nontobacco use by players and fans; four health awareness nights were implemented at home games corresponding to local public health priorities and included public service announcements, between inning quizzes, information dissemination at concession and team market locations, and special guests. Sales and fan feedback support mostly healthy concession offerings and a tobacco-free ballpark; postseason evaluations from team staff and public health partners support continuing the trials of this sports event as a venue for health promotion.
Health Risk and Protective Factors Among Hispanic Women Living in the U.S.–Mexico Border Region
Authors: De Santis Joseph P. , Provencio-Vasquez Elias , Mancera Bibiana , Mata Holly J.
Published: August 2016

As the Hispanic population continues to flourish in areas such the U.S.–Mexico border region, more attention needs to be focused on health factors among Hispanics. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine what specific health protective and health risk factors exist among Mexican/Mexican American women residing along the U.S.–Mexico border and (2) to determine the relationship between the protective and risk factors among these women. A sample of Mexican/Mexican American women ( N = 98) participated in a structured interview that collected data on familism, Hispanic stress, depression, violence, and sexual risk and demographic variables. Religious factors had the largest influence on the health risk behaviors of alcohol intoxication and drug intoxication ( p < .05), while familism influenced only condom use ( p = .002) and a lifetime history of intimate partner violence ( p = .039). Health care access also influenced the health risks of alcohol intoxication ( p = .013), drug intoxication ( p = .012), and condom use ( p = .019). The study’s results provide implications for clinical care and directions for future research.
Self-Empowerment of Immigrant Latina Survivors of Domestic Violence
Authors: Serrata Josephine V. , Hernandez-Martinez Martha , Macias R. Lillianne
Published: August 2016

This article presents the results of a self-empowerment leadership intervention program for Latina immigrant survivors of domestic violence in Atlanta, Georgia. It builds on the literature base of the Promotora model, a public health model using peer information sharing as a tool for health promotion. This study used an embedded mixed-methods design with quantitative and qualitative components to evaluate the impact of a peer community leadership program called Líderes. Results of single-subject analyses show that the participants experienced change in three components of self-empowerment: intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral. The qualitative findings revealed that they overcame fear and gained knowledge as well as a sense that they could promote change in their community. These findings add support to a growing literature base that demonstrates how peer model programs can not only positively influence the well-being of the communities they serve but also have transformative effects on peer leaders themselves. Study findings can also inform future efforts to empower survivors through promotora approaches specifically in the context of domestic violence prevention.
Access Barriers to Prenatal Care in Emerging Adult Latinas
Authors: Torres Rosamar
Published: August 2016

Despite efforts to improve access to prenatal care, emerging adult Latinas in the United States continue to enter care late in their pregnancies and/or underutilize these services. Since little is known about emerging adult Latinas and their prenatal care experiences, the purpose of this study was to identify actual and perceived prenatal care barriers in a sample of 54 emerging adult Latinas between 18 and 21 years of age. More than 95% of the sample experienced personal and institutional barriers when attempting to access prenatal care. Results from this study lend support for policy changes for time away from school or work to attend prenatal care and for group prenatal care.
Mujeres que Consumen Sustancias y su Vulnerabilidad frente al VIH en Santiago de Chile (Women Who Consume Substances and Their Vulnerability to HIV in Santiago of Chile)
Authors: Irarrázabal Lisette P. , Ferrer Lilian , Villegas Natalia , Sanhueza Sebastián , Molina Yerko , Cianelli Rosina
Published: August 2016

Introduction:

Women represent 15% of the people living with HIV in Chile. Risk behaviors for HIV are: multiple partners, unsafe sex, and exchange of sex for drugs/money.

Methodology:

A correlational design was used. A sample of 203 women who were sexually active and consumed substances within the last 3-months were selected for this study.

Results:

The average age of the participants was 32.4 years (SD = 9.2) and 68.1% were housewives. The substance most commonly used was alcohol (95.1%) and marijuana (49.8%); 23.7% of the women were drunk or drugged before having sex; 74.4% had multiple sexual partners and 95.6% had unprotected sex. There is a significant correlation ( p < 0.05) between substance abuse and HIV risk behaviors.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to develop more research to understand in depth the relationship between substance use and HIV risk among Chilean women. It is important to consider the use of substances to develop and implement HIV prevention programs in the Chilean community.
Young Hispanic Men’s HIV and STI Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors
Authors: Fenkl Eric A. , Gracia Jones Sandra , Orta Roxana
Published: August 2016

Introduction:

The rate for new infections of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has increased for Hispanic males.

Method:

This descriptive correlational study describes knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of HIV and other STIs and explores the relationship between age and HIV and STI knowledge among young adult Hispanic males. A sample of 179 Hispanic men aged 18 to 64 years attending college completed the 80-item Community Health Packet, the 18-item Brief HIV Knowledge Questionnaire, and the 27-item STD Knowledge Questionnaire.

Results:

Almost half of the participants were involved in some form of high-risk sexual practices such as having multiple sex partners, holding apathetic views on condom use, showing low rates of HIV testing, having incorrect knowledge of STI transmission, and holding misconceptions about HIV. Findings included a moderate positive relationship between age ( M = 24.05; SD = 7.08) and HIV knowledge scores ( M = 13.21; SD = 4.04), r(175) = .43, p < .00, as well as a positive relationship between age ( M = 24.05; SD = 7.08) and STI total scores ( M = 14.47; SD = 7.20), r(173) = .31, p < .00.

Conclusion:

Study findings reveal the need to continue HIV and STI prevention education programs on college campuses to increase knowledge and help decrease new cases of STIs and HIV in Hispanic men.
The Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence: Principles and Updates
Authors: Mayer John D. , Caruso David R. , Salovey Peter
Published: August 2016

This article presents seven principles that have guided our thinking about emotional intelligence, some of them new. We have reformulated our original ability model here guided by these principles, clarified earlier statements of the model that were unclear, and revised portions of it in response to current research. In this revision, we also positioned emotional intelligence amidst other hot intelligences including personal and social intelligences, and examined the implications of the changes to the model. We discuss the present and future of the concept of emotional intelligence as a mental ability.
Ability Emotional Intelligence, Depression, and Well-Being
Authors: Fernández-Berrocal Pablo , Extremera Natalio
Published: August 2016

Previous research suggests a strong association of health indicators with self-report ability emotional intelligence (EI) and self-report mixed EI, but a weak or moderate association with performance-based ability EI measures. The size of the association for ability EI may be inaccurately estimated, because there has not been enough research on the relationship of ability EI to health outcomes to allow moderator analyses in meta-analyses. Therefore the present review aimed to synthesize results specifically from studies on the relationship of performance-based ability EI with depression and well-being across adult populations in different settings. We found that maximum-performance measures of ability EI are associated negatively with depression and positively with well-being, and that these associations are moderated and mediated by several factors, including gender and self-report EI. Our analysis highlights limitations in the evidence base and leads to recommendations for future research and for ability EI-based training programs.
Comment: Measurement and the Interpretation of Trait EI Research
Authors: Laborde Sylvain , Allen Mark S.
Published: August 2016

In this brief commentary, we present a critical reflection on trait emotional intelligence (EI) theory and research as covered in a recent narrative review (Petrides et al., 2016). We consider (a) whether synthesising research findings that use different conceptualisations of EI is desirable, (b) if the measurement of trait EI might become more diverse, (c) whether trait EI research in interpersonal settings requires additional analytical thought, and (d) how researchers might go about objectively conceptualising trait EI. Our collective focus is on EI measurement as it relates to the development of trait EI theory and research in the future.
Comment on Developments in Trait Emotional Intelligence Research: A Broad Perspective on Trait Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Schutte Nicola S. , Malouff John M.
Published: August 2016

Petrides et al. (2016) provide a comprehensive overview of research findings relating to trait emotional intelligence. The bulk of findings indicate that trait emotional intelligence is of benefit in a variety of realms, including clinical, health, social, educational, and organizational. Trait emotional intelligence has generally been studied as a quality of individuals. Conceptualizing and studying trait emotional intelligence at a systems level extends the construct and creates a foundation for additional applications and benefits. Systems can include couples, groups, societies, and human–artificial intelligence interaction.
Four Thoughts on Trait Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Petrides K. V.
Published: August 2016

In this brief response, I present four thoughts on trait emotional intelligence with reference to the commentaries by Laborde and Allen (2016) and Schutte and Malouff (2016).
Measuring Emotional Intelligence: Responses to Schlegel and to Legree, Mullins and Psotka
Authors: Mayer John D. , Caruso David R. , Salovey Peter
Published: August 2016

Our “Principles and Updates” article in this issue discussed the nature of emotional intelligence and its place in the overall intelligence pantheon. We welcome the comments by Schlegel and by Legree, Mullins, and Psotka, who describe their current research in the area and how it further informs our understanding of ability-based emotional intelligence.
Reimagining Emotional Intelligence: A Healthy, Much Needed, and Important Progression for the Field
Authors: Roberts Richard D. , MacCann Carolyn , Guil Rocío , Mestre José M.
Published: August 2016

In this response to the critiques of Fontaine (2016) and Hughes and Evans (2016), we touch on main points of consensus and contention, and offer some suggestions for future programs of research.
An atypical Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis with involvement of spinal cord
Authors: Cuneo Gian Luca , Grazzini Irene , Guadagni Martina , Venturini Elisabetta , Bianchi Amedeo
Published: August 2016

Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare neurological disease that generally has a good prognosis. We describe an atypical case of a patient with severe BBE; the presentation was uncommon because of the lack of ophthalmoplegia and because of evidence of both peripheral neuropathy and brainstem encephalitis. The article reports clinical and biochemical evaluation and focuses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in diagnosis and management of the patient. Notably, we found a previously unreported dramatic spinal cord involvement on MRI. We believe these findings could add to diagnostic tools, and that this case may represent a new variant of BBE with more aggressive behavior.
The TECS model leads to active use of technology in home care
Authors: Gars Ulla , Skov Hanne
Published: August 2016

Digitization in healthcare is accelerating worldwide. This article focuses on the X-Changery development project involving home-care nurses and their use of the iPad as a new tool in patients’ homes. The goal of the project was to bring knowledge from recent research on technological literacy in working life back to a work setting, thus giving nurses new technology competencies with the aim of enhancing their professionalism through the use of the iPad as a work tool. Through field observations, learning labs and focus-group interviews we can see that X-Changery gave home-care nurses a common language to exchange experiences and share knowledge about the iPad as a work tool. Use of the iPad in patients’ homes led to new habits and routines. Nurses acquired relational expertise, implying active use of technology. The results show the importance of focusing on and funding reflection on and discussion of the influence of technologies on professionalism.
Influenza Vaccine Uptake, Hand Hygiene Practices, and Perceived Barriers in Decision Making
Authors: Stedman-Smith Maggie , Kingsbury Diana M. , Dubois Cathy L. Z. , Grey Scott F.
Published: August 2016

The annual costs of influenza are in the billions of dollars, with employers bearing substantial burdens. Yet, influenza vaccine uptake is sub-optimal. A random survey was administered to employees at a Midwestern public university using mixed quantitative and qualitative methods to identify the rate, characteristics, and barriers of self-reported flu vaccine uptake during March-April of 2012. The lowest uptake was among adults, ages 18 to 49 (29.8%), even though they are included in universal recommendations. Multiple regression analysis adjusted for demographic confounders showed an increase in self-identified protective hand hygiene behavior among those who reported influenza vaccine uptake compared with those who did not. Qualitative thematic analysis revealed contextual accounts of why vaccine uptake was declined including structural, perceptual, and knowledge barriers. Implementation and evaluation of novel multicomponent worksite vaccine interventions tailored to reach young and middle-aged employees including utilization of risk communication is needed to facilitate increased uptake.
Comorbidities and elevated IL-6 associate with negative outcome in adult-onset asthma
Authors: Ilmarinen Pinja , Tuomisto Leena E. , Niemelä Onni , Danielsson Joanna , Haanpää Jussi , Kankaanranta Terhi , Kankaanranta Hannu
Published: August 2016

The effect of systemic inflammation and comorbidities on treatment and outcome of adult-onset asthma remains unknown and is the objective of this study.

As part of the Seinäjoki Adult Asthma Study (SAAS) with a 12-year follow-up, serum interleukin (IL)-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and lung function were measured and clinical information on comorbidities and medication collected from 170 patients with adult-onset asthma without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

At follow-up visit, 54% of the patients had systemic inflammation as indicated by elevated IL-6 or hsCRP, 58% had at least one comorbidity and 30% at least two comorbidities (other than asthma related). Patients with systemic inflammation were treated with higher dose of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and they had lower lung function and higher blood neutrophils compared with patients without. Patients having ≥2 comorbidities had lower Asthma Control Test score and this association remained significant in adjusted analysis. Patients with both systemic inflammation and comorbidities showed poorest outcome of asthma. In multivariate regression analysis, high ICS dose was predicted by elevated IL-6, elevated blood neutrophils and eosinophils and poorer lung function at baseline and follow-up.

Altogether, in patients with adult-onset asthma, elevated IL-6 was associated with use of high-dose ICS while multi-morbidity was linked to worse symptoms of asthma.
Metatarsophalangeal joint stability: a systematic review on the plantar plate of the lesser toes
Authors: Maas Nico M. G. , van der Grinten Margot , Bramer Wichor M. , Kleinrensink Gert‐Jan
Published: August 2016

Background

Instability of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints of the lesser toes (digiti 2–5) is increasingly being treated by repair of the plantar plate (PP). This systematic review examines the anatomy of the plantar plate of the lesser toes, and the relation between the integrity of the plantar plates of the lesser toes and lesser MTP joint stability.

Methods

The databases of Embase.com, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, Pubmed not medline, Cinahl (ebsco), ProQuest, Lilacs, Scielo and Google Scholar were searched in June 2015 from inception. Studies were included if they were in English, contained primary data, and had a focus on plantar plate anatomy of the lesser toes or on the relationship between integrity of the plantar plate and MTP joint (in)stability. Study characteristics were extracted into two main tables and descriptive anatomical and histological data were summarized into one schematic 3D drawing of the plantar plate.

Results

Nine studies were included in this systematic review, of which five addressed plantar plate anatomy as such and four focused directly and indirectly on plantar plate integrity related to MTP joint stability.

Conclusion

This is the first systematic review regarding plantar plate anatomy related to MTP joint stability of the lesser toes. This review iterates the importance of plantar plate anatomy and integrity for MTP joint stability, and it delineates the lack of primary data regarding plantar plate anatomy of the lesser toes and MTP joint stability.
Analysis of Postdoctoral Training Outcomes That Broaden Participation in Science Careers
Authors: Rybarczyk Brian J. , Lerea Leslie , Whittington Dawayne , Dykstra Linda
Published: August 2016

Postdoctoral training is an optimal time to expand research skills, develop independence, and shape career trajectories, making this training period important to study in the context of career development. Seeding Postdoctoral Innovators in Research and Education (SPIRE) is a training program that balances research, teaching, and professional development. This study examines the factors that promote the transition of postdocs into academic careers and increase diversity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Data indicate that SPIRE scholars (n = 77) transition into faculty positions at three times the national average with a greater proportion of underrepresented racial minorities (URMs) and females represented among SPIRE scholars. Logistic regression models indicate that significant predictors are the intended career track at the start of the postdoctoral training and the number of publications. Factors necessary for successful transition are teaching experience as independent instructors, professional development opportunities, and the experience of balancing teaching with research. Scholars’ continued commitment to increasing diversity in their faculty roles was demonstrated by their attainment of tenure-track positions at minority-serving institutions, continued mentorship of URMs, and engagement with diversity initiatives. These results suggest that a postdoctoral program structured to include research, teaching, and diversity inclusion facilitates attainment of desired academic positions with sustained impacts on broadening participation.
Channel wave mapping of coal seams in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mason I. M. , Buchanan D. J. , Booer A. K.
Published: August 2016

We present an analysis of errors contributing to the inaccuracy of aneroid altimeter observations under tropical conditions. Instrumental errors were investigated experimentally, while errors due to meterological factors were analyzed using an autocorrelation analysis of actual pressure observations. For an estimated accuracy of ±1.2 to ±2.5 m, it is recommended that a diurnal pressure variation be eliminated from the altimeter field readings and that measurements be restricted to 0500 to 1400 hours LST in the wet season and from 0500 to 1100 hours LST or 1500 to 1830 hours LST in the dry season.
Earthquake Damage Estimations: ShakeCast Case Study on Nevada Bridges
Authors: Biasi Glenn , Mohammed Mohammed Saeed , Sanders David H.
Published: August 2016

This case study evaluates the vulnerability of Nevada bridges relative to earthquake hazard using two different methods. First, a distributed set of 112 realistic earthquake scenarios were processed with USGS program ShakeMap, and site-specific ground motion levels extracted for 1831 bridges in Nevada using ShakeCast. Second, using hazard curves underlying the 2014 USGS National Seismic Hazard Map (NSHM), return periods for earthquakes causing extensive damage to bridges were extracted and compared to the 1000-year design level adopted by the AASHTO. Lower capacities than those used in ShakeCast were proposed for five continuous bridge types based on a literature review. Scenarios provide points in a deterministic seismic hazard approach, with large earthquakes on known faults. NSHM hazard curves are based on a probabilistic approach. A graphical method is presented to unite the two approaches. A list of potentially vulnerable bridges was developed for Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) use in bridge retrofit planning. As a continuing benefit, ShakeCast now operates in Nevada to provide near-real-time inspection priorities in the event of a serious earthquake.
Arginase Inhibition Reverses Endothelial Dysfunction, Pulmonary Hypertension, and Vascular Stiffness in Transgenic Sickle Cell Mice
Authors: Steppan Jochen , Tran Huong T. , Bead Valeriani R. , Oh Young Jun , Sikka Gautam , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Burnett Arthur L. , Berkowitz Dan E. , Santhanam Lakshmi
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:

In sickle cell disease (SCD), hemolysis results in the release and activation of arginase, an enzyme that reciprocally regulates nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity and thus, NO production. Simply supplementing the common substrate L-arginine, however, fails to improve NO bioavailability. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that arginase inhibition would improve NO bioavailability and thereby attenuate systemic and pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in transgenic mice with SCD.

METHODS:

We studied 5-month-old transgenic sickle cell (SC) mice and age matched wild-type (WT) controls. SC mice were treated with the arginase inhibitor, 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH; approximately 400 μg/d) for 4 weeks or left untreated.

RESULTS:

Vascular arginase activity was significantly higher at baseline in untreated SC mice compared to WT controls (SC versus WT, 346 ± 69.3 vs 69 ± 17.3 pmol urea/mg protein/minute; P = 0.0043; n = 4–5 animals per group). Treatment with ABH may significantly decrease arginase activity to levels near WT controls (SC + ABH 125.2 ± 17.3 pmol urea/mg protein/minute; P = 0.0213). Aortic strips from untreated SC mice showed decreased NO and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (NO: fluorescence rate 0.76 ± 0.14 vs 1.34 ± 0.17 RFU/s; P = 0.0005 and ROS: fluorescence rate 3.96 ± 1.70 vs 1.63 ± 1.20 RFU/s, P = 0.0039; n = 3– animals per group). SC animals treated with ABH for 4 weeks demonstrated NO (fluorescence rate: 1.16 ± 0.16) and ROS (fluorescence rate: 2.02 ± 0.45) levels comparable with age-matched WT controls (n = 3– animals per group). The maximal endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine was impaired in aortic rings from SC mice compared with WT (57.7% ± 8.4% vs 80.3% ± 11.0%; P = 0.02; n = 6 animals per group). The endothelial-independent response was not different between groups. In SC mice, the right ventricular cardiac output index and end-systolic elastance were similar (4.60 ± 0.51 vs 2.9 ± 0.85 mL/min/100 g and 0.89 ± 0.48 vs 0.58 ± 0.11 mm Hg/μL), whereas the pulmonary vascular resistance index and right ventricular end-systolic pressure were greater (2.9 ± 0.28 vs 5.5 ± 2.0 mm Hg × min/μL/100 g and 18.9 ± 1.1 vs 23.1 ± 4.0 mm Hg; n = 8 animals per group). Pulse wave velocity (a measure of arterial stiffness) was greater in SC mice compared with WT (3.74 ± 0.54 vs 3.25 ± 0.21 m/s; n = 20 animals per group), arginase inhibition for 4 weeks significantly reduced the vascular SC phenotype to one similar to WT animals (P = 0.0009).

CONCLUSIONS:

Arginase inhibition improves NO bioavailability and thereby attenuates systemic and pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in transgenic mice with SCD. Therefore, arginase is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular dysfunction in SCD.
Influence of Mechanical Ventilation on the Incidence of Pneumothorax During Infraclavicular Subclavian Vein Catheterization: A Prospective Randomized Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Kim Eugene , Kim Hyun Joo , Hong Deok Man , Park Hee-Pyoung , Bahk Jae-Hyon
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:

It remains unclear whether we have to interrupt mechanical ventilation during infraclavicular subclavian venous catheterization. In practice, the clinicians’ choice about lung deflation depends on their own discretion. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of mechanical ventilation on the incidence of pneumothorax during infraclavicular subclavian venous catheterization.

METHODS:

A total of 332 patients, who needed subclavian venous catheterization, were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 groups: catheterizations were performed with the patients’ lungs under mechanical ventilation (ventilation group, n = 165) or without mechanical ventilation (deflation group, n = 167). The incidences of pneumothorax and other complications such as arterial puncture, hemothorax, or catheter misplacements and the success rate of catheterization were compared.

RESULTS:

The incidences of pneumothorax were 0% (0/165) in the ventilation group and 0.6% (1/167) in the deflation group. The incidence of pneumothorax in the deflation group was 0.6% higher than that in the ventilation group and the 2-sided 90% confidence interval for the difference was (−1.29% to 3.44%). Because the lower bound for the 2-sided 90% confidence interval, −1.29%, was higher than the predefined noninferiority margin of −3%, the inferiority of the ventilation group over the deflation group was rejected at the .05 level of significance. Other complication rates and success rates of catheterization were comparable between 2 groups. The oxygen saturation dropped below 95% in 9 patients in the deflation group, while none in the ventilation group (P = .007).

CONCLUSIONS:

The success and complication rates were similar regardless of mechanical ventilation. During infraclavicular subclavian venous catheterization, interruption of mechanical ventilation does not seem to be necessary for the prevention of pneumothorax.
Anesthesia-Related Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Toxicity and Potential Therapy
Authors: Levy Richard J.
Published: August 2016

Exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) during general anesthesia can result from volatile anesthetic degradation by carbon dioxide absorbents and rebreathing of endogenously produced CO. Although adherence to the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation guidelines reduces the risk of CO poisoning, patients may still experience subtoxic CO exposure during low-flow anesthesia. The consequences of such exposures are relatively unknown. In contrast to the widely recognized toxicity of high CO concentrations, the biologic activity of low concentration CO has recently been shown to be cytoprotective. As such, low-dose CO is being explored as a novel treatment for a variety of different diseases. Here, we review the concept of anesthesia-related CO exposure, identify the sources of production, detail the mechanisms of overt CO toxicity, highlight the cellular effects of low-dose CO, and discuss the potential therapeutic role for CO as part of routine anesthetic management.
Comparative Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol After Intravenous and Oral Administration
Authors: Langford Roger A. , Hogg Malcolm , Bjorksten Andrew R. , Williams Daryl L. , Leslie Kate , Jamsen Kris , Kirkpatrick Carl
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:

We compared plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of paracetamol after intravenous (IV) and oral administration to determine dosing regimens that optimize CSF concentrations.

METHODS:

Twenty-one adult patients were assigned randomly to 1 g IV, 1 g oral or 1.5 g oral paracetamol. An IV cannula and lumbar intrathecal catheter were used to sample venous blood and CSF, respectively, over 6 hours. The plasma and CSF maximum concentrations (C
max), times to maximum concentrations (T
max), and area under the plasma and CSF concentration-time curves (AUCs) were calculated using noncompartmental techniques. Significance was defined by P < .0167 (Bonferroni correction for 3 comparisons for each parameter). Probability (X < Y) (p″) with Bonferroni corrected 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated (CIs including 0.5 meet the null hypothesis). Results are presented as median (range) or p″ (CI). P values are listed as 1 g IV vs 1 g orally, 1 g IV vs 1.5 g orally and 1 g orally vs 1.5 g orally, respectively.

RESULTS:

Wide variation in measured paracetamol concentrations was observed, especially in the oral groups. The median plasma C
max in the 1 g IV group was significantly greater than the oral groups. In contrast, the median CSF C
max was not different between groups. The median plasma T
max in the 1 g IV group was 105 and 75 minutes earlier than in the 1 and 1.5 g oral groups. The median CSF T
max was not significantly different between groups. The median plasma AUC (total) was not significantly different between groups; however, in the first hour, the median plasma AUC was significantly greater in the IV group than in the oral groups. In the second hour, there was no difference between groups. The median CSF AUC (total) did not significantly differ between groups; however, in the first hour, the median CSF AUC was significantly greater in the IV compared with the orally groups. In the second hour, there was no difference between groups. Our analysis indicated that the median C
max, T
max, and AUC values lacked precision because of small sample sizes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Peak plasma concentrations were greater and reached earlier after IV than oral dosing. Evidence for differences in CSF C
max and T
max was lacking because of the small size of this study.
Linking Α to Ω: diverse and dynamic RNA-based mechanisms to regulate gene expression by 5′-to-3′ communication
Authors: Filbin Megan E. , Kieft Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2016

Communication between the 5′ and 3′ ends of a eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) or viral genomic RNA is a ubiquitous and important strategy used to regulate gene expression. Although the canonical interaction between initiation factor proteins at the 5′ end of an mRNA and proteins bound to the polyadenylate tail at the 3′ end is well known, in fact there are many other strategies used in diverse ways. These strategies can involve “non-canonical” proteins, RNA structures, and direct RNA-RNA base-pairing between distal elements to achieve 5′-to-3′ communication. Likewise, the communication induced by these interactions influences a variety of processes linked to the use and fate of the RNA that contains them. Recent studies are revealing how dynamic these interactions are, possibly changing in response to cellular conditions or to link various phases of the mRNA’s life, from translation to decay. Thus, 5′-to-3′ communication is about more than just making a closed circle; the RNA elements and associated proteins are key players in controlling gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.
Herpes simplex virus and the lexicon of latency and reactivation: a call for defining terms and building an integrated collective framework
Authors: Sawtell Nancy M. , Thompson Richard L.
Published: August 2016

The field of herpes simplex virus (HSV) latency and reactivation has been marked by controversy, which is not unexpected considering the complexities of the biology involved. While controversy is an important tool for digging to the bottom of difficult issues, we propose that unproductive conflict in the field arises in part from poorly defined terminology and the need for a collective framework. The uses of advanced global molecular and next-generation sequencing approaches and an increasing array ofin vitromodel systems have provided new molecular-level insights into HSV latency and reactivation, with the promise of expanding our concepts of these processes. However, our current framework and language are inadequate to effectively integrate new data streams into the established theories. In this brief perspective, we look back into the past to examine when and how the lexicon of HSV latency and reactivation arose in the literature and its evolution. We propose to open a dialogue among investigators for the purpose of updating and clearly defining terms used to describe these processes and to build a collective integrated framework to move our field forward.
The Concept of «Love» in the Aspect of Intercultural Communication (on the Basis of Journalistic Works of Ivan Ilyin)
Authors: Афанасьева  , Afanaseva O.
Published: August 2016

The article analyzes the contents of the concept “love”— one of the key

concepts in the journalistic papers of Ivan Ilyin. In his works we find true

language culture and a deep understanding of ideas most important for

humanity. The source of the study is philosophical and journalistic sheets

“Our Mission” published I. Ilyin in 1948–1954. I.A. Ilyin wrote “Our Mission”

not only for his contemporaries but also “for the new Russian generation”.

He hoped that his findings and conclusions gained through suffering will the

new generations cope with the problem of Russia’s revival, with the task of

forming the spiritual nature of the nation.

I. Ilyin understands love as one of the three laws of the spirit, one of the

three great foundations of human life and culture. Such an understanding is

compared with modern ideas about the concept – the fact that we find quite

justified, because “Our Mission” has its roots in the pre-revolutionary culture

and the reading of the text in question is essentially a step in cross-cultural

communication mediated through language.
Association between hyperglycemia and organ dysfunction in shock patients
Authors: Noberta Sheila , Triratna Silvia , Aditiawati Aditiawati , Husin Syarif
Published: August 2016

Background Hyperglycemia is an important marker of bothpoor clinical outcomes and high mortality rate in critically illpatients. Glucose toxicity results in cell damage that leads toorgan dysfunction.Objective To evaluate for an association between hyperglycemiaand the incidence of organ dysfunction in shock patients.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in thepediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Dr. Moh. HoesinHospital, Palembang from June to November 2011. Subjectswere consecutively-enrolled, shock patients without a historyof diabetes mellitus. Illness severity and organ dysfunction weredetermined by pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) III score andpediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) scores, respectively.Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose level 2: 110 mg/dL.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 15.Results Mean age of subjects was 2.30 (SD 2.93) years. MeanPRISM III score was 15 .11 (SD 5 .63). Prevalence of hyperglycemiawas 80.0%. Mean glucose level was 179.51 (SD 86.84) mgldL.Mean PELOD score was 16.02 (SD 13.87). Organ dysfunction wasobserved in 86.7% of subjects. The most common organ dysfunctionobserved in our subjects was liver dysfunction (73.3%). Therewas a significant association between hyperglycemia and organdysfunction (OR43.750;95%CI 4.036 to474.252, P=0.001). Theblood glucose level cutoff points indicative of organ dysfunction,PRISM III score 2: 8, and PELOD score 2: 20.5 were 114.5 mg/dL, 129 mgldL, and 166 mg/dL, respectively.Conclusion There is an association between hyperglycemia andorgan dysfunction. The upper limit blood glucose level indicative oforgan dysfunction is 114.5 mg/dL. A glucose level of 129 mgldL maybe considered to be a warning to start blood glucose monitoring. Alevel above 166 mgldL may be used to indicate the necessity of startinginsulin therapy intervention.
Renal manifestations in tuberous sclerosis patients: two case reports
Authors: Ramayani Oke Rina , Rosmayanti Rosmayanti , Ramayati Rafita , Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Published: August 2016

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a neurocutaneous disorder, characterized bymental retardation, epilepsy, and facialangiofibromas. The incidence has beenestimated to be 1 case per 6000 live births.Although rare, this disorder is a cause of mentalretardation with severe epilepsy.1 Scientists havefound manifestations of this disorder not only inbrain and skin, but also in the eyes, heart, lungs, andkidneys, so it has been renamed tuberous sclerosiscomplex (TSC).
Unrecht und Rechtfertigung
Authors: Messmer Heinz
Published: August 2016

Im Unterschied zu den meisten anderen Handlungsfeldern der Mediation zeichnet sich der Täter-Opfer-Ausgleich im Jugendstrafrecht durch geklärte Konfliktidentitäten aus. Bevor ein Mediationsverfahren durchgeführt wird, muss hinsichtlich der Verletzung einer strafrechtlichen Norm zunächst festgestellt werden, wer Täter und wer Opfer ist. Kommt es im Rahmen eines Ausgleichsverfahrens zu einer direkten Begegnung, wird der Unrechtsvorwurf seitens der beschuldigten Jugendlichen mittels verschiedener Rechtfertigungsmuster regelmäßig zu unterlaufen (oder wenigstens abzumildern) versucht. Auf der Grundlage empirischer Gesprächsdaten zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag auf, wie die hier beschuldigten Jugendlichen dem Unrechtsvorwurf begegnen, welche logische Struktur ihren Rechtfertigungen zugrunde liegt und welche Konsequenzen sich für die Verfahren des Täter-Opfer-Ausgleichs daraus ergeben. Auf der Basis dieser Befunde werden Grundzüge einer Theorie der Rechtfertigung expliziert, wonach die vorliegenden Rechtfertigungsmuster ein in sich logisch geschlossenes System der Schuldabwehr etablieren, das sich analog zu den Sinnkomponenten der Anschuldigung konstituiert.
Soziologie der Mediation aus historischer Perspektive
Authors: Kamp Hermann
Published: August 2016

Der Beitrag greift aus historischer Perspektive drei während der Tagung mehrfach angesprochene Aspekte der Vermittlung auf. Zunächst geht es um die Stellung der Vermittler, die im Mittelalter nicht von Neutralität geprägt war. Deren Tätigkeit lebte vielmehr vom persönlichen Vertrauen beider Seiten, das damit als wichtige Ressource der Friedensstiftung hervortritt, die gerade auch mit Blick auf die Folgen der aktuellen Professionalisierung mehr Aufmerksamkeit verdient. Wie sich die Machtverhältnisse auf den Vermittlungsprozess im Mittelalter auswirkten, wie wenig die Vermittler bei vielen Konflikten an den Machtverhältnissen ändern konnten, wird im zweiten Schritt verfolgt, um zugleich aber hervorzuheben, dass Autoritätspersonen als Vermittler ihre Autorität einsetzten und weiter steigern konnten. Von daher erscheint es auch sinnvoll, dem bewussten Einsatz der eigenen Autorität im Vermittlungsprozess in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart eingehender nachzugehen. Der letzte Teil der Ausführungen widmet sich dann dem Verhältnis von Gericht und Vermittlung und zeigt, in welchem Maße die Vermittlung im Mittelalter von den Defiziten der Gerichtsordnung, insbesondere der fehlenden Akzeptanz bei bestimmten sozialen Gruppen lebte. Insofern unterstreicht der Blick auf die vormodernen Verhältnisse abschließend die Verflechtungen zwischen der bestehenden Rechtsordnung und der Bedeutung der Mediation und verlangt, nicht nur nach dem Gewinn, sondern auch nach dem Verlust zu fragen, den der Verzicht des Staates auf die gerichtliche Regulierung bestimmter Konflikte nach sich zieht.
Justin Sands: Hegelians in Heaven, but on Earth … Westphal’s Kierkegaardian Faith
Authors: Sands Justin
Published: August 2016

Merold Westphal’s new publication, Kierkegaard’s Concept of Faith, gives us an opportunity to explore the many ways in which Kierkegaard has influenced Westphal’s thinking as a whole. This present contribution seeks to show how Kierkegaard helps Westphal discover a concept of faith which holds no ‘reasonable’ foundation as it is entirely dependent upon two different aspects of revelation in tension with each other. Moreover, faith is seen as a willing assent by the believer, and thus it becomes a task and not merely a proposition to behold or to which one’s life conforms. In addition to explicating this notion of faith within his work, this present contribution seeks to situate this faith within Westphal’s philosophy of religion, showing how it is integral to Westphal’s entire project.
Adipocytes play an etiological role in the podocytopathy of high-fat diet-fed rats
Authors: Chen Jinn-Yang , Jian Deng-Yuan , Lien Chih-Chan , Lin Yu-Ting , Ting Ching-Heng , Chen Luen-Kui , Hsu Ting-Chia , Huang Hsuan-Min , Wu Yu-Ting , Kuan Tse-Ting , Chao Yu-Wen , Wu Liang-Yi , Huang Seng-Wong , Juan Chi-Chang
Published: August 2016

Obesity is a risk factor that promotes progressive kidney disease. Studies have shown that an adipocytokine imbalance contributes to impaired renal function in humans and animals, but the underlying interplay between adipocytokines and renal injury remains to be elucidated. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms linking obesity to chronic kidney disease. We assessed renal function in high-fat (HF) diet-fed and normal diet-fed rats, and the effects of preadipocyte- and adipocyte-conditioned medium on cultured podocytes. HF diet-fed and normal diet-fed Sprague Dawley rats were used to analyze the changes in plasma BUN, creatinine, urine protein and renal histology. Additionally, podocytes were incubated with preadipocyte- or adipocyte-conditioned medium to investigate the effects on podocyte morphology and protein expression. In the HF diet group, 24 h urinary protein excretion (357.5 ± 64.2 mg/day vs 115.9 ± 12.4 mg/day, P < 0.05) and the urine protein/creatinine ratio were significantly higher (1.76 ± 0.22 vs 1.09 ± 0.15, P < 0.05), increased kidney weight (3.54 ± 0.04 g vs 3.38 ± 0.04 g, P < 0.05) and the glomerular volume and podocyte effacement increased by electron microscopy. Increased renal expression of desmin and decreased renal expression of CD2AP and nephrin were also seen in the HF diet group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that adipocyte-conditioned medium-treated podocytes showed increased desmin expression and decreased CD2AP and nephrin expression compared with that in preadipocyte-conditioned medium-treated controls (P < 0.05). These findings show that adipocyte-derived factor(s) can modulate renal function. Adipocyte-derived factors play an important role in obesity-related podocytopathy.
The Significance of Shocks in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Recipients
Authors: Li Anthony ,   Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Kaura Amit ,   Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Sunderland Nicholas ,   Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Dhillon Paramdeep S ,   Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Scott Paul A ,   Department of Cardiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Published: August 2016

Large-scale implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) trials have unequivocally shown a reduction in mortality in appropriately selected patients with heart failure and depressed left ventricular function. However, there is a strong association between shocks and increased mortality in ICD recipients. It is unclear if shocks are merely a marker of a more severe cardiovascular disease or directly contribute to the increase in mortality. The aim of this review is to examine the relationship between ICD shocks and mortality, and explore possible mechanisms. Data examining the effect of shocks in the absence of spontaneous arrhythmias as well as studies of non-shock therapy and strategies to reduce shocks are analysed to try and disentangle the shocks versus substrate debate.