bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety of The Ship's Crew on Board in The Enclosed Spaces
Authors: Nurwahidah
Published: June 2021

The research on enclosed spaces is used to identify the work accidents, availability of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) equipment as well as the suitability of SOPs used by the Officer to handle the occupational accidents on board.The methodology used to identify the occupational accident in enclosed spaces were quantitative analysis based on some primary data (primary analysis) and secondary data (secondary analysis), by which the author performed the direct observations, interviewed the respondents who experience the accidents and did the literature study.The results confirmed that the enclosed spaces is not used for the activities or daily work by the ship's crew since the rooms have no ventilation, thus the air inhaled is less than 21% by volume and the concentration of hydrocarbon gas is less than 1% of the LFL (Limite Flamble Lower) than the levels of other toxic gases. Based on the interview results of 175 respondents, 93% said the accident was caused by the negligence of the supervision or personal responsibility, 21% said that it was caused by the absence of carbon gas test since there were no tools for detecting the toxic gas (gas detector) and 78% claimed that theyunderstand that the occupational accidents happened in enclosed spaces due to the negligence and procedural error (SOP). Therefore, it can be said that the limitations of knowledge and understanding of the crew, granting permits (work permit) by Officers which was not appropriate, the availability of supporting equipment and the inadequate involvement of shipping companies, the SOP that are not well socialized and the improper handling of accident victims were the causes of the work accidents on board.
Kinetic Generator from Footstep Using Piezoelectric
Authors: Alia Diana , Hartanto T. M. Budhi , Kurniawan Reski , Indiarto T. A. N. Putra , Prasetya Adi
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, the development of renewable energy resource technology is increase. There is a lot of research being done to find solutions to increasing energy needs while the energy resources are getting more and more of a concern. There are several types of energy plants with renewable power such as micro hydro, photo voltage, wave energy, footstep, and others. Foot step is a renewable energy resource that has only recently been glimpsed by the world. Therefore, the footstep will be applied on board the passenger ship. It is hoped that the use of this renewable energy source can replace the source of fuel energy to drive ship engines. In this researdh, piezoelectric was used as a energy resources. Piezoelectric will be placed on tiles, when the piezo is stepped on, there will be a voltage came out from piezo. Voltage from piezo will be colect and stored. Each piezoelectric produces a voltage that varies from 0.7 volts to 3.7 volts. If on an average, one piezoelectric can produce 2 volts. The size of the voltage issued by the piezo depends on the size of the pressure on the piezo.
Ambulatory Pneumothorax Management in a District General Hospital
Authors: Aujayeb Avinash
Published: June 2021

Background

The pleural vent (PV) is a new drain and valve device enabling ambulatory pneumothorax management. This study analysed the characteristics and outcomes of patients with pneumothorax treated with a PV.

Methods

The characteristics and outcomes of 49 patients with pneumothorax treated with a PV between 1 March 2018 and 1 February 2021 were retrospectively analysed.

Results

The mean number of days the PV remained in situ for all patients was 5.6 days, range 0-25, IQR 3-7. Forty patients were managed completely in the ambulatory setting. The total number of days with the PVs in situ was 248. Approximate inpatient bed days saved are 240-320 days. Complications requiring a change in management occurred in nine (18.3%) cases.

Conclusion

This single-centre study shows that ambulatory pneumothorax management with the PV is feasible and associated with inpatient bed savings. Complication rates are less than previously described.
A Retrospective Analysis of Emerging Rabies: A Neglected Tropical Disease in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Sim Benjamin Ng Han , Liang Benjamin Ng Wei , Ning Wong Sheau , Viswanathan Shanthi
Published: June 2021

Background

Rabies, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is a viral infection which is often fatal. Since 2017, a rabies epidemic has been declared in Sarawak, Malaysia. However, there is a lack of local epidemiological data and descriptions of local presentations of this disease.

Method

This was a retrospective analysis of a series of rabies cases encountered in Sibu Hospital, Sarawak from March 2020 to February 2021.

Result

Six cases of rabies were identified in this series, all with a mixture of upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron findings. Most cases did not seek medical attention upon dog bite and therefore effective post-exposure prophylaxis was not given. The incubation period varied from 17 days to 2 years. All cases died, with five cases succumbing to the illness within two weeks of symptom onset. The cumulative incidence for rabies in Sibu was estimated at 1.7 per 100,000 population.

Conclusion

The lack of public awareness of the implication of animal bites and the immediate management in rabies-endemic regions are factors contributing to high rabies mortality.
The Mystery of ‘Saturation Gap’ and Falsely Normal G6Pd: A Case of Primaquine-Induced Haemolysis in Plasmodium Vivax Malaria Infection
Authors: Tang Andy Sing Ong , Soo Xin Yin , Yeo Siaw Tze , Mansor Nor Ainiza , Chew Lee Ping , Chua Hock Hin
Published: June 2021

Eradication therapy in Plasmodium vivax in variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency individuals remains a clinical challenge. We present a case of primaquine-induced methaemoglobinaemia and haemolytic anaemia in a patient with falsely normal qualitative G6PD result during initial presentation, which was complicated with clinical sequelae of thrombosis. Further investigations showed moderate degree of G6PD deficiency. Our patient responded well to vitamin C and a modified weekly regimen of primaquine with no evidence of malaria relapse.
Hypokalaemic Rhabdomyolysis as Initial Presentation of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Maung Aye Chan , Kerwen Ann Kwee , Ching Lee Phong
Published: June 2021

Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome characterised by the destruction of skeletal muscle with subsequent leakage of intracellular muscle contents into the systemic circulation. It is commonly caused by trauma, strenuous physical activities, medications, illicit drug use, toxins, infections and electrolyte abnormalities. It can manifest as myalgia, muscle weakness, or myoglobinuria with or without acute kidney injury. Severe hypokalaemia leading to rhabdomyolysis is a rare initial presentation of primary aldosteronism, with limited case reports in existing medical literature. Here, we report a case of primary hyperaldosteronism presenting with rhabdomyolysis due to profound hypokalaemia.
Atypical Interstitial Granuloma Annulare: A Possible Uncommon Systemic Manifestation of Atrial Myxomas
Authors: Dhakal Mahesh , Yeoh Wei Chen , Leow Sean Kwang Howe
Published: June 2021

A 73-year-old man presented with lower back pain and bilateral palmar lesions. Urine culture grew Streptococcus agalactiae and C-reactive protein was raised. He was treated with antibiotics for urinary tract infection with suspected pyelonephritis. An echocardiogram ordered to look for infective endocarditis was suggestive of a left atrial myxoma. He subsequently developed an acute right common iliac artery embolus, which resolved with conservative management. He underwent a successful open-heart left atrial mass and appendage resection, with histopathology confirming atrial myxoma. Skin biopsies of the lesions ten weeks post onset showed granuloma annulare of the palms.
A Case of Metastatic Primary Cardiac Angiosarcoma
Authors: Intrator C , Muhammad TA , Gu S , Lambourne B , Thompson AC
Published: June 2021

We report a 49-year-old Southeast Asian woman diagnosed with metastatic primary right atrial angiosarcoma (PCA) and the difficulties encountered in this diagnosis and its subsequent management. Diagnosis of PCA is often delayed due to non-specific clinical presentation of patients. These tumours often present once metastatic spread has occurred, restricting treatment options and leading to very poor prognosis. Patients undergo a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach involving chemotherapy, radiotherapy and, if eligible, surgery, but evidence-based treatment guidelines have yet to be established due to the rarity of the tumour.
Case of Erythema Multiforme/Stevens–Johnson Syndrome: An Unusual Presentation of Covid-19
Authors: Abdelgabar Abdelnassir , Elsayed Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Dermatological manifestations of COVID-19 are rare, with fever, dry cough, breathlessness, loss of taste and myalgia constituting most of the symptoms spectrum. However, these rare skin manifestations may be the only presentation of COVID-19 as in our presented patient. It is therefore prudent to be aware of such presentation in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients, as this is important for early diagnosis and hence taking appropriate preventive measures.
Utility of Simulation via Instant Messaging – Birmingham Advance (Simba) in Medical Education during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Morgan Georgia , Melson Eka , Davitadze Meri , Ooi Emma , Zhou Dengyi , Hanania Thia , Chen Wentin , Thomas Lucretia , Allison Isabel , Ding Michael , Blaggan Parisha , Ng Cai Ying , Evans Nia , Warmington Emily , Radcliffe Eloise , Soran Vina , Nirmal Rachel , Boelaert Kristien , Cooney Rachel , Reddy-Kolanu Vinay , Karavitaki Niki , Pathmakanthan Shri , Arlt Wiebke , Kempegowda Punith
Published: June 2021

Background

Simulation via Instant Messaging - Birmingham Advance (SIMBA) aimed to improve clinicians’ confidence in managing various clinical scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Five SIMBA sessions were conducted between May and August 2020. Each session included simulation of scenarios and interactive discussion. Participants’ self-reported confidence, acceptance, and relevance of the simulated cases were measured.

Results

Significant improvement was observed in participants’ self-reported confidence (overall n = 204, p<0.001; adrenal n = 33, p<0.001; thyroid n = 37, p<0.001; pituitary n = 79, p<0.001; inflammatory bowel disease n = 17, p<0.001; acute medicine n = 38, p<0.001). Participants reported improvements in clinical competencies: patient care 52.0% (n = 106/204), professionalism 30.9% (n = 63/204), knowledge on patient management 84.8% (n = 173/204), systems-based practice 48.0% (n = 98/204), practice-based learning 69.6% (n = 142/204) and communication skills 25.5% (n = 52/204).

Conclusion

SIMBA is a novel pedagogical virtual simulation-based learning model that improves clinicians’ confidence in managing conditions across various specialties.
Psychological Impact of Cadaveric Dissection on First-Year Medical Students
Authors: Zubair Ambreen , Waheed Satia , Shuja Faryal
Published: June 2021

Background

This cross-sectional study was carried out to ascertain if first-time cadaver dissections can cause acute stress disorder (ASD) in medical students, and if death anxiety and gender play a role in the development of these symptoms.

Methods

A total of 135 first-year medical students at the Services Institute of Medical Sciences and King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan, who had recently conducted their first ever cadaver dissection filled out three scales: the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Appraisal of Life Scale (Revised) (ALS-R) and Death Anxiety Inventory. The results were then calculated via SPSS v.23. Any students with a history of psychiatric treatment or disorder were not included in the study.

Results

Scores on the IES-R showed that the sample suffered from symptoms of ASD (mean = 36.15, standard deviation = 15.99). Multilinear regression showed that death anxiety did not predict any variance on the scores for IES-R, whereas higher scores on the ALS-R threat domain scale predicted higher scores on the IES-R. Death anxiety had little to no impact on the scores for IES-R.

Conclusion

Results showed that students who perceived the dissection situation as threatening and anxiety inducing were more likely to test positively for ASD symptoms. A major limitation of the study was that it did not measure whether these symptoms reduced with repeated exposure to cadaver dissection or how symptoms changed over time.
Uk Internal Medicine Training in the Time of Covid-19
Authors: Sharrack Sana , Zollinger-Read Caroline Ann , Cox Miriam Faith , Shiha Mohamed Gamal , Song Soon Hoo
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on internal medicine training in the UK. Many unprecedented changes have been made to prioritise the care of affected patients. The medical workforce was re-shaped, training programmes were disrupted, Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) examinations were cancelled and their format changed on re-commencement, teaching programmes were suspended and delivery methods amended, out of programme (OOP) opportunities deferred, non-COVID related research halted, trainee progression impacted and trainee mental health and wellbeing suffered. Despite this, the pandemic has undoubtedly created a plethora of unique learning opportunities for trainees that could make them better doctors and healthcare leaders in the future.
The Birth of British Geriatric Medicine and Its Struggle for Survival as a Medical Specialty
Authors: Ritch Alistair
Published: June 2021

Geriatric medicine in Britain was born in the setting of a former poor law workhouse in London. Its early pioneers developed models of geriatric services and instigated research into the diseases pertinent to older people. Government initiatives championed the establishment of geriatric units but denied geriatric medicine the status of a clinical medical specialty. Despite an unfavourable image within the medical profession, medical services for older people flourished under the National Health Service to become one of the largest groups of medical specialties. The development of the specialty is traced from its origins in the care of chronically sick patients through to its greater involvement in the medical care of a wider spectrum of older people.
Time to Take Care: Fighting Hiv with Health Promotion in Edinburgh, 1983-1996
Authors: Johnstone Phoebe , Williams Louise , Demetriades Andreas K
Published: June 2021

During the 1980s and 1990s, Edinburgh and the Lothians suffered significantly high rates of HIV infections, considered to be the result of a high proportion of intravenous drug users sharing injecting equipment. This young, sexually active cohort had the potential to pose a threat to the wider population via heterosexual spread, and hence measures were required to prevent, where possible, a second wave of the epidemic. A coalition of health professionals, local authority groups and voluntary organisations consequently acted by producing a series of health promotional campaigns, such as the ‘Take Care’ campaign, in order to promote healthy and safe sexual practice and to educate the community about the risks of HIV and AIDS. Many of the strategies utilised by Lothian public bodies were pioneering, using distinctive imagery and novel marketing techniques. Despite aiming these campaigns at the broader community however, campaigns spearheaded by health providers and local government often excluded certain high-risk populations, such as drug users and gay men, and subsequently these demographic groups had to turn to other services (in voluntary, nongovernmental sectors) for health education and promotion.
Mediatized Dramaturgy
Authors: Ilter Seda
Published: June 2021

Media technologies and their socio-cultural repercussions have increasingly influenced theatre, particularly since the ubiquitous prevalence of digital technologies from the 1990s onwards. Consequently, new modes such as digital and intermedial theatre have come to populate and transform theatre practice and scholarship. In this changing theatrical landscape, what has happened to plays in the historically text-oriented British theatre? How has playtext changed in an age of theatre marked by mediatization and its possibilities?

This study explores the ways in which playtexts have evolved in relation to the sociocultural and cognitive conditions of a mediatized age, and how they, in form and content, respond to this environment and open up new critical possibilities in text and performance. The study combines theatre and media theory through the innovative concept of ‘mediatized dramaturgy’ and offers conceptual reflections on the ways in which a playtext negotiates the new reality of contemporary culture. The book scrutinizes the form of playtexts and works through the exchange between text and performance by exploring contemporary works such as Simon Stephens’s Pornography, Caryl Churchill’s Love and Information, David Greig’s The Yes/No Plays and their selected productions. Offering a pioneering intervention that expands discussions about the mediatization of theatre and new playwriting, Mediatized Dramaturgy proposes areas for discussion that appeal to researchers, audiences and practitioners with an interest in the sub-field of media and performance, and British and North American drama and theatre.
Textile Design Theory in the Making
Authors: Igoe Elaine
Published: June 2021

Textile design inhabits a liminal space spanning art, design and craft. This book explores how textile design bridges the decorative and the functional, and takes us from handcrafting to industrial manufacture. In doing so, it distinguishes textiles as a distinctive design discipline, against the backdrop of today’s emerging design issues.

With commentaries from a range of international design scholars, the book demonstrates how design theory is now being employed in diverse scenarios to encourage innovation beyond the field of design itself. Positioning textiles within contemporary design research, Textile Design Theory in the Making reveals how the theory and practice of textile design exist in a synergistic, creative relationship.

Drawing on qualitative research methods, including auto-ethnography and feminist critique, the book provides a theoretical underpinning for textile designers working in interdisciplinary scenarios, uniting theory and texts from the fields of anthropology, philosophy, literature and material design.
Family and the State in Soviet Lithuania
Authors: Leinarte Dalia
Published: June 2021

If the home remained a safe space for families during the Soviet occupation of Lithuania, why is it that the memories of women’s domestic lives in Soviet Lithuania are so fragmented? In Family and the State in Soviet Lithuania, Dalia Leinarte deftly challenges the commonplace ‘kitchen culture’ idea that the home was a site of silent resistance where traditional Lithuanian values continued to be nurtured. Instead, this fascinating book reveals how the totalitarian state gradually abolished the private lives of Lithuanian families altogether.

Based on over 100 interviews and an array of archival sources, this book analyses how family policy formed the everyday life of men and women and considers how the internalisation of Soviet ideology took place in the private sphere. From a well-developed after-school activity program for children to strict rules regarding the working hours of men and women, ultimately the family could not remain isolated from the regime.

Family and the State in Soviet Lithuania is the first book to explore family policy in the Soviet Baltic states and is therefore a vital resource for scholars of Soviet and gender history.
The Architectural Models of Theodore Conrad
Authors: Fankhänel Teresa
Published: June 2021

Based on the recent discovery of his fully-preserved private archive—models, photos, letters, business files, and drawings—this book tells the story of Theodore Conrad (1910-1994), the most prominent and prolific architectural model-maker of the 20th century.

Conrad’s innovative models were instrumental in the design and realization of many icons of American Modernism—from the Rockefeller Center to Lever House and the Seagram Building. He revolutionized the production of architectural models and became a model-making entrepreneur in his own right. Yet, despite his success and the well-known buildings he helped to create, until now little has been known about Conrad’s work and his impact on 20th century architectural history.

With exclusive access to Conrad’s archive, as well as that of model photographer Louis Checkman—both of which have lain undiscovered in private storage for decades—this book examines Conrad’s work and legacy, accompanied by case studies of his major commissions and full-color photographs of his works. Set against the backdrop of the surge in model-making in the 1950s and 1960s—which Jane Jacobs called “The Miniature Boom”—it explores how Conrad’s models prompt broader scholarly questions about the nature of authorship in architecture, the importance of craftsmanship, and about the translation of architectural ideas between different media. The book ultimately presents an alternative history of American modern architecture, highlighting the often-overlooked influence of architectural models and their makers.
Multilingualism in Public Spaces
Authors: Blackwood Robert , Dunlevy Deirdre A.
Published: June 2021

Advocates of multilingualism are always seeking new ways to articulate the advantages inherent in living out life in more than one language. This volume brings together researchers from across Europe to explore sociolinguistic perspectives on multilingualism, with specific emphasis on identity, diversity, and social cohesion, as they focus explicitly on the potential of this phenomenon to empower individuals, groups, and communities.

Positioned around the idea of empowerment, this book explores the potential of multilingualism to overcome divisions and build social cohesion. In particular, chapters discuss how multilingualism can help the individual to become critically conscious and to develop an in-depth understanding of the world, while also benefiting society as whole. Understanding ‘public space’ in broad terms, including domains such as education, online, and the linguistic landscape, this volume explores how multilingualism can empower people from a range of perspectives, including memorialisation, onomastics, direct action, linguistic rights, migration, and educational play.
Making the Arctic City
Authors: Hemmersam Peter
Published: June 2021

Making the Arctic City explores the unwritten history of city-building in the Arctic over the last 100 years. Spanning northern regions of North America, through Greenland, Svalbard to Russia, this is the first book to provide a truly circumpolar account of historical and contemporary architecture and urbanism in the Arctic – and it shows how the Arctic city offers valuable lessons for the post-colonial study of architectural and urban planning history elsewhere.

Examining architects’ and planners’ designs for Arctic urban futures, it considers the impact of 20th-century models of urban design and planning in Arctic cities, and reveals how contemporary architectural approaches continue to this day to essentialize ‘extreme’ climate conditions and disregard the agency of Arctic city-dwellers – a critical perspective that is vital to the formulation of future design and planning practices in the region.
Dramatic Effects with a Movie Camera
Authors: Segal Gail , Antonio Sheril
Published: June 2021

The camera’s capacity to organize space within a 'frame' produces the fundamental unit of moviemaking: the shot.

Dramatic Effects with a Movie Camera is a practical guide to the visual storytelling potential of different camera techniques, demonstrating how they can produce compelling shots and sequences. By exploring how a close-up shot of a character's face can help the viewer share their fear or joy, or how a moving camera can reveal plot points, connect objects and characters in space, or give clues to their state of mind, Gail Segal and Sheril Antonio show how choice of shot can dramatically affect your narrative.

With detailed analysis of clips from 45 films, from 30 countries, this is a unique window into how moviemaking masters have made the most of their cameras and how you can too.
The Law of Humanity Project
Authors: Soirila Ukri
Published: June 2021

This book provides the first comprehensive introduction to the role of humanity in international law, offering a fresh perspective to a discussion with global implications. The 1990s and the first decade of the twenty-first century witnessed the sporadic emergence of a new vision of global law. Although the vision has taken many different forms, all instances of it have been uniform in their attempt to radically alter how we understand international law, by seeking to posit the human as the primary subject of the international legal order and humanity as its main source of legitimacy. Together, this book calls these instances ‘the law of humanity project’. In so doing, it also paints a picture of and critically assesses a particular moment in the history of international law – a moment which may have already come to a sudden end as a consequence of the current populist backlash in world politics, but during which it seemed inevitable that the law of humanity vision would come to play an increasingly important role in world affairs.

Volume 82 in the series Studies in International Law
The Law of Solicitors’ Liabilities
Authors: Flenley William , Leech Tom
Published: June 2021

The Law of Solicitors' Liabilities, previously known as Solicitors' Negligence and Liability, provides a comprehensive guide to all aspects of solicitors’ negligence, liability in equity and wasted costs. Written by leading practitioners in the field, it deals with a variety of topics, from general principles to specific situations, providing practical guidance to the procedural aspects of bringing and defending a claim for solicitors’ negligence.

The new fourth edition includes:

- A new chapter on insurance law focusing on a number of key topics which arise, particularly in relation to solicitors’ insurance: aggregation; condonation; definition of private legal practice; notification; possibly successor practice rules.

- Updated case law to cover all recent Supreme Court and Court of Appeal decisions, eg Hughes-Holland v BPE (Supreme Court) scope of duty and extent of damages; Redler v AIB (Supreme Court): breach of trust; Lowick Rose v Swynson (Supreme Court): lifting the corporate veil in claims against professionals; Tiuta International v de Villiers (Court of Appeal): lenders’ claims, impact of a remortgage on damages; Wellesley v Withers (Court of Appeal): test for remoteness of damage; and E Surv v Goldsmith Williams (Court of Appeal): implied duty on solicitors in lenders’ claims.

- Regulatory/disciplinary developments, eg revised SRA Code of Conduct.
Practical Advocacy in the Crown Court
Authors: Fenny Ian , Flynn Grace , Gohil Anjali , Gordon Gregory , Haggerty Alistair , Langdon Andrew , Lee Nick , Pakrooh Ramin , Quinlan Christopher , Scutt David , Thomas Charles , Tully Ray , Vigars Anna , Wolfe Tara
Published: June 2021

Practical Advocacy in the Crown Court follows the life of a case in the Crown Court chronologically, providing guidance and insights at each step. It guides the reader from first conference through legal arguments and witness handling to sentencing hearings, with references to procedure, codes of conduct, and key cases. With an emphasis on practical advice, each chapter follows a similar format incorporating dos and don’ts, mock situations, and sections on good practice.

Key topics covered include:
Making and opposing bail applicationsEffective communication with lay clientsAppeals against conviction and sentence in the Crown CourtEvidential submissionsWitness handling of complainants, vulnerable witnesses, police officers and expertsMaking effective jury speechesSentencing, mitigation and advocacy in cases involving the Mental Health Act

This is the only specialist guide written for Crown Court advocates, by Crown Court advocates. It provides learned advice on common situations such as hearsay applications, hostile witnesses, making speeches or mitigating in cases where it may feel like there is little to say. It also provides insight on good communication with clients as well as court room advocacy, and dealing with lay clients, solicitors and police officers in conference. In addition, it covers written advocacy in detail, including persuasive skeleton arguments and using jury bundles effectively.

Depending on the experience of the reader, this book helps the:
new advocate by giving them insight into situations that arise frequently, with a proper understanding of their role, as well as advice on how to adapt their style to the witness or the Judgeprogressing advocate to develop skills with advice garnered from counsel of many years’ experience, such as sections dealing with witness handling and evidential submissions in more complex cases, including rape and serious sexual offences work, proceeds of crime applications, case conferences with the CPS and presenting documents to juries in larger casesexperienced and busy advocate by looking at situations of greater complexity, such as the purpose of jury advocacy, and it will also act as a refresher for the more established advocate with writer’s block in a tricky case
‘CENTRUM VAN WELDADIGE KRACHT VOOR HET ONDERWIJS’ OF ‘KOOP-MANSZAAK’?
Authors: van Buren Luca
Published: June 2021

‘CENTRE OF A BENEFICENT FORCE IN EDUCATION’ OR ‘ORDINARY MERCHANT BUSINESS’? THE MUSEUM OF EDUCATION AND ART IN ROTTERDAM, 1880-1886

For a short period of time, the city of Rotterdam housed a rather unique museum, the Museum of Education and Art (Museum voor Onderwijs en Kunst). It existed for six years and only for less than a year in its original form. In 1880 it was unlike other educational or – as they were usually called – school museums. Other than today’s cultural history school museums, these museums were integrated in education and functioned as a means to support mass education by the state. They did so by exhibiting the whole range of school materials to enable headmasters and teachers to make informed choices. School materials were also displayed at educational exhibitions at world fairs. The Museum in Rotterdam was exceptional because it was a private, commercial enterprise, unlike other school museums which were established by schoolboards, local authorities, or by a state. In addition, it was the first and probably the only case with a purpose-built housing, where others generally used existing (school)buildings or were part of an arts and crafts museum.
IN ’T HARTE VAN JAVA (1881)
Authors: Steyaert Kris
Published: June 2021

IN THE HEART OF JAVA (1881)

Exoticism and nationalism in the Dutch East Indies verse epics of Willem Jacobsz. Hofdijk

Towards the end of his life, the Dutch poet Willem Jacobsz. Hofdijk wrote his ambitious verse epic In the heart of Java (In ’t harte van Java), set in seventeenth-century Indonesia. Two similar works soon followed. This article examines the various literary techniques used by the author to evoke the exoticism of a world he had never experienced himself. The received idea that Hofdijk started writing his Dutch East Indies poems when his son joined the colonial army is exposed as a fallacy. It is my contention that Hofdijk’s epics, deliberately distorting historical facts, were intended to strengthen the resolve of the Dutch against the rebellious province of Aceh.
VROUWEN EN VREDE, MANNEN EN OORLOG?
Authors: Braun Marianne
Published: June 2021

WOMEN AND PEACE, MEN AND WAR?

Dutch radical feminist Wilhelmina Drucker’s take on feminism during the Great War

This article explores the connection between feminism and the fight for peace during the First World War. Although the Netherlands were officially neutral, the horrors of the battlefield, the position of women and the measures that needed to be taken were at the centre of a fierce political debate. I focus in particular on the special contribution to the Peace Movement by secularist feminist and leading figure of the nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century feminist movement Wilhelmina Drucker (1847-1925). Her criticism of the war spared neither men nor women and comprised three dimensions: an antimilitarist dimension, a legal democratic one, and an ultra-radical combination of feminism and Neo-Malthusianism.
VOOR DE VORST, MAAR IN NAAM VAN HET VOLK
Authors: Smit Corné
Published: June 2021

FOR THE KING, BUT IN THE NAME OF THE PEOPLE

How the conservative ‘Dagblad van Zuidholland en ’s-Gravenhage’ developed its populist traits

The Dutch conservatives in the nineteenth century used the concept of volkskoning (the people’s king) to legitimize their defence of royal prerogatives against the increasing power of parliament. This concept emphasized the bond between monarch and people and depicted the political elite as a threat to both. Based on a study of the conservative newspaper Dagblad van Zuidholland en ’s-Gravenhage, this article argues that the idea of the volkskoning was developed into a more populist argument in which the people became the de facto sovereign who had to be protected against the rotten elite in parliament.
PIET MONDRIAAN OVER NEOPLASTISCH KUNSTONDERWIJS
Authors: Veen Louis
Published: June 2021

PIET MONDRIAN ON NEOPLASTIC ART EDUCATION

Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) was not only a painter, but also a prolific writer. He wrote more than a hundred essays in Dutch, French, and English on the subject of art and society. In three unfinished essays, Mondrian sketches a different art education than was customary at the fine art academies during the interwar period. He describes an education that does not focus on creating discrete art objects, but on designing the entire daily environment. Mondrian’s intention was that graduates who had finished the training would give the society a harmoniously balanced structure, which would ultimately lead to more harmony and peace in man. He believed that a ‘Paradise on Earth’ would be no longer be a dream when all aspects of life were designed according to the neoplastic principles. In order to achieve this, students of Mondrian’s art education had to study the fundamental principles on which Mondrian based his neoplastic paintings. The present article investigates the principles of neoplastic composition as laid out in these three texts, which can help our understanding of the thought and method behind Mondrian’s Neo-Plasticism.
DE AMBIGUÏTEIT VAN DE DINOSAURUS
Authors: Nieuwland Ilja
Published: June 2021

THE DINOSAUR’S AMBIGUITY

Sea snakes, Iguanodons and why Brussels did not receive its Diplodocus

In the opening years of the twentieth century, the Scottish magnate Andrew Carnegie used the donation of plaster casts of the dinosaur Diplodocusas a means to influence European heads of state in favor of his scheme for conflict arbitration. This contribution examines the way in which these casts became a border object between the worlds of science, high and popular culture, and politics, by looking at the history of the public assimilation of dinosaurs. Specifically, it focuses on an earlier example of such donations: the Iguanodons which were given away by the Belgian state and the Belgian king Leopold II personally, after 1890. These developments collided when Carnegie’s donation of a Diplodocus was cancelled after Leopold’s reputation began to suffer when details of the Congolese genocide became known to the public. This illustrates that for Carnegie, despite the cultural and scientific appeal of his donations, politics remained at the center of his campaign.
HET DODEN VAN DIEREN IN NEDERLAND, 1860-1940
Authors: Koolmees Peter
Published: June 2021

THE KILLING OF ANIMALS IN THE NETHERLANDS, 1860-1940

A inconvenient part of the human-animal relationship

This article explores the rise of the animal protection movement and its propaganda to improve the humane killing of animals in the Netherlands. From 1880 onwards, veterinarians became advisors of animal protection societies because they were considered objective judges with scientific knowledge of animal physiology. Between 1880 and 1922 cruelty to animals decreased significantly by the development and introduction of asphyxiation cages for pets and stunning equipment for slaughter animals. Although criticized, ritual slaughter remained legal. The debate on killing methods for animals with the tensions between scientific knowledge and emotions has been with us for one and a half centuries and continues today.
EXPERTISE IN GERECHTSDOSSIERS
Authors: Ruberg Willemijn
Published: June 2021

EXPERTISE IN CASE FILES

The practice of forensic psychiatry in the Netherlands, 1811-1930

Research on the history of Dutch forensic psychiatry has hardly taken into account how psychiatrists functioned in practice. This article, based on 485 court cases of (child)murder, rape and arson, provides an inventory of the role of psychiatrists in the courtroom. It distinguishes between three regimes of knowledge: a first regime in the first half of the nineteenth century, when there is much overlap between lay and expert knowledge on the mind; the second from ca. 1880, when increasingly reference is made to scientific concepts and reports became standardized; and a third regime around 1920, when an emphasis on scientific methods found its way into the reports. An analysis of verdicts shows that the judges often agreed with the expert reports. The relationship between the judges and psychiatrists can be qualified as one in which judges accorded room for experts, who, however, remained subservient to the judiciary.
NEDERLAND DOOR COLOMBIAANSE OGEN
Authors: Bant Willem
Published: June 2021

THE NETHERLANDS THROUGH COLOMBIAN EYES

The novel ‘Una holandesa en América’ (1888) by Soledad Acosta de Samper

In 1888, Soledad Acosta de Samper, a well-known writer and journalist in Colombia’s capital Bogotá, published the novel Una holandesa en América. This article presents an imagological analysis of how the Dutch and the Netherlands are represented in her novel, and discusses Acosta’s possible intentions in writing this book as well as her reasons for choosing a Dutch protagonist. It argues that the images of the Dutch were meant to serve as examples for Acosta’s Colombian audience in a period in which the country was still engaged in nation building after gaining independence from Spain in 1819.
DRIEDIMENSIONAAL NIEUWS
Authors: Dekker Tessel X.
Published: June 2021

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NEWS

The Amsterdam wax museum as a competitor of the illustrated newspaper, 1882-1919

The nineteenth-century wax museum can be viewed as a contemporary mass medium that showed people scenes from the news. The Nederlandsch Panopticum was the first of its kind in the Netherlands, located in Amsterdam between 1882 and 1919. As an informative visual medium, the Panopticum had to compete with other media, like the illustrated newspaper, for the attention of the public. At the same time, the wax museum also depended on photographs published in these same papers: wax models were often, and in the course of time almost exclusively, modelled after photos. This reciprocal relationship can be seen as an example of ‘intermediality’. In the end, the wax museum lost ground, foremost, to the new mass medium of the time, cinema, which took over both as an urban attraction and as a popular visual medium.
JACOBUS JOSEPHUS EECKHOUT
Authors: Rademakers Anna
Published: June 2021

JACOBUS JOSEPHUS EECKHOUT

A Belgian painter’s times in The Hague (1831-1844)

In 1831, shortly after the outbreak of the Belgian Revolution, the Belgian painter Jacob Joseph Eeckhout moved from Brussels to The Hague. As a supporter of King Willem I, he no longer felt at ease in his homeland. Eeckhout remained in the Netherlands until 1843 and played an important role in the cultural life of The Hague. This article analyzes the The Hague episode in Eeckhout’s life in the light of the political developments of that time. To what extent did notions of nationality and national identity play a role in his artistic views and career?
‘DER KEERLEN GOD’ OP HET TONEEL
Authors: Honings Rick
Published: June 2021

THE ‘GOD OF THE PEASANTS’ ON STAGE

Willem Bilderdijk’s tragedy Floris de Vijfde (1808)

This article focuses on Willem Bilderdijk’s play Floris de Vijfde (Floris v), which he wrote in 1808 for King Louis Napoleon. This play is studied form different perspectives in order to get a complete picture of the content, context, function and reception of this work. It offers new biographical information on Bilderdijk’s life in the context of the Kingdom of Holland and focuses on Bilderdijk’s ideas on theatre in relation to Floris de Vijfde and on his ideas about national history. Furthermore, attention is paid to the political context in which the piece was written and to the political function that it fulfilled. Finally, this article presents an extensive overview of the reception and nachleben of the play in the second half of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century.
HOOGGESPANNEN VERWACHTINGEN
Authors: de Jong Ron
Published: June 2021

GREAT EXPECTATIONS

Elections and the consitutional reform of 1848

This article explores the causes of the low turnout at the Dutch elections in the years following the constitutional reform of 1848. The liberal reformers had hoped for an increased participation of Dutch voters after the introduction of direct suffrage, but were soon to be disappointed when after a promising start, the turnout dropped well below fifty percent. Drawing on Pierre Rosanvallon’s notions on political citizenship, this article tries to explain the low turnout.
De Romeinse Limes in Nederland
Authors: Mols Stephan , Polak Rien
Published: June 2021

For more than five hundred years the southern part of the Netherlands belonged to the Roman Empire, more particularly to the province of Germania inferior (Lower Germany). The left bank of the river Rhine served as the external boundary of this province, once the ambition to annex the Germanic territories across the river had been abandoned. Although the Lower German Limes is only a modest part of the whole frontier system of the Roman Empire, it can boast of various distinctive characteristics, the most important of which is the outstanding preservation of timber buildings, ships and other organic remains in the water-logged conditions of the Rhine delta. This paper presents a brief history of this frontier section and addresses a few general issues, as an introduction to a series of papers discussing a variety of aspects of the frontier and of life in a frontier zone.
De grenzen van het Romeinse Rijk
Authors: Polak Rien
Published: June 2021

In the second century AD the Roman Empire reached its largest extent. By that time the military infrastructure at the periphery of the Empire stretched over thousands of kilometres, across the three continents surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Rome had to exert its power in very different climates and landscapes, and deal with external threats varying from the highly developed Parthian Empire to hardly organised nomadic groups. The military infrastructure at its boundaries was therefore quite diverse, but nevertheless the military installations show many similarities across the Empire, due to the frequent displacements of army units and their commanders. This paper provides a concise overview of the frontier sections on all three continents and a brief discussion of differences and similarities.
De forten langs de Rijn in Romeins Nederland
Authors: Chorus Julia
Published: June 2021

During the early forties AD the Roman army built several timber auxiliary forts on the southern bank of the Lower Rhine. Remains of nine timber forts and a fortlet, sometimes well preserved, have been found in the western part of the Netherlands, in the Rhine delta: at Vechten (Bunnik), Utrecht, De Meern, Woerden, Bodegraven, Zwammerdam, Alphen aan den Rijn, Leiden-Roomburg and Valkenburg (South Holland) and the fortlet at Valkenburg-Marktveld. There also are indications of military presence further upstream, but there are hardly any traces to be found. The Rhine has destroyed most of the evidence, except for dredge finds and some structures in Arnhem-Meinerswijk and Herwen-De Bijland. Wood was available in the surroundings and it was used for building the forts. In the last quarter of the second century AD most of these auxiliary forts were partly rebuilt in stone. This paper gives an overview of the recent thoughts on the Roman forts on the Lower Rhine in the Netherlands in their political context.
Brood en vlees
Authors: Kooistra Laura , Groot Maaike
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the current state of knowledge on food supply to the Roman Limes, vici and towns in the Netherlands – based on archaeobotanical and archaeozoological research – and the role of the local countryside. For the first century AD, several areas of origin for the food can be established. Cereals were imported, but also supplied from the regions adjacent to the Rhine; pulses and oil seeds may have been sourced locally. Cattle were both imported and obtained locally. Population density in the countryside was low and farmers were not used to structurally producing surplus food. In the earliest phase, the army probably requisitioned cattle and raised pigs and chickens. From the late first century, supply was organised better and the local farmers supplied more of the cereals and meat required by the army, vici and towns. However, certain cereals were still imported. Orchards and vegetable gardens were located near the towns, where chickens were also raised. Throughout the Roman period, wild fruits and hazelnuts could be gathered and game, wild birds and fish hunted by consumers. Saltwater fish and seashells indicate trade with coastal regions. Wine, olive oil, fish sauce, preserved fruits, pine nuts, preserved meat and fish were imported from other provinces.
De nieuwe kleren van de keizer?
Authors: Graafstal Erik , Hazenberg Tom
Published: June 2021

It is in the nature of the Dutch Limes, buried as it is under later river sediments and modern townscapes, that it is fundamentally invisible. Over the past fifteen years, a surge of local initiatives to create Roman references and replicas in our public spaces has gone a long way to make up for this. Many of these ‘emperor’s new clothes’ have been styled in a bold new language of ‘Dutch design’, giving a distinct imprint to this corner of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire. The flipside of the Dutch approach, typically averse to central coordination, could be a lack of coherence and sustained management. This paper will draw up an interim balance sheet. After a cycle tour along the Dutch Limes sector we will look into two major recent endeavours of public outreach: the Zwammerdam ships project with its twin hubs of the NIGRVM PVLLVM visitor centre and the Archeon museum park at Zwammerdam and Alphen aan den Rijn, respectively, and the making of Castellum Hoge Woerd at Utrecht, a true to scale replica of the local Roman fort. The paper concludes with some of the most urgent lessons learnt.
Huurlingen, mobiliteit en reizigerslatijn
Authors: Kelder Jorrit
Published: June 2021

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it argues that the Mycenaean Greek world served as a nexus for international trade between the Near East and Europe during the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1600 to 1100 BCE). Rather than a barbarian periphery, Europe – and in particular regions such as the Carpathian basin and the southern Baltic (Denmark and Scania) – was an integral part of the much better known ‘civilised’ world of the ancient Near East. Second, it argues that ‘mercenaries’ (a term that I will use rather loosely, and which includes both private entrepreneurs and military captives) served as a hitherto overlooked conduit for knowledge exchange between Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Near East. It will do so by highlighting a number of remarkable archaeological finds, and by discussing these against the backdrop of contemporary (Late Bronze Age and Iron Age) texts as well as later legends.