bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific variation in group structure arises due to environmentally‐mediated directional dispersal in a cooperative breeder
Authors: Shah Shailee S. , Rubenstein Dustin R.
Published: August 2024

Many cooperatively breeding species live in groups with complex structure—large group sizes, low and variable kin structure, and multiple breeding pairs. Since these mixed‐kin groups typically form because of immigration of unrelated individuals of both sexes in addition to limited offspring dispersal, differences in patterns of dispersal can generate variation in group structure, even within the same species or population.

Here, we examine how environmentally mediated dispersal patterns influence variation in group structure in the plural breeding superb starling (Lamprotornis superbus), an avian cooperative breeder that inhabits a spatiotemporally variable savanna environment and forms mixed‐kin groups with variable group sizes and more than one breeding pair per group.

Using 4068 genome‐wide polymorphic loci and fine‐scale, remotely sensed ecological data from 22 groups sampled across a nearly 200 km2 environmental gradient in central Kenya, we find evidence of not only frequent and long‐distance dispersal in both sexes (low isolation‐by‐distance and weak genetic structure), but also directional dispersal from small groups in lower quality habitat with low normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) to large groups in higher quality habitat with high NDVI.

Additionally, we find stronger genetic structure among groups in lower quality habitat, and higher genetic diversity and lower relatedness of groups in higher quality habitat. Previous work using long‐term data from groups in the same population has shown that groups with lower relatedness are larger and have more breeding pairs.

Long‐distance, directional dispersal to maximise individual fitness can thus lead to smaller and simpler kin‐based social groups in lower quality habitat, but larger and more complex mixed‐kin groups in higher quality habitat.

Such intraspecific, within‐population variation in group structure, including variation in kin structure of social groups, could have profound implications for the relative importance of the evolutionary mechanisms (i.e. direct vs. indirect fitness benefits) underlying the formation of cooperative societies.
Trade secrets leakage risk and firm innovation: Evidence from third‐party disclosure of Chinese listed firms' online sales data
Authors: Wang Gui‐jun , Li Ke‐meng , Wang Ke‐di
Published: August 2024

Based on a natural experiment in which a third party disclosed online sales data from selected listed firms in China, this article uses a difference‐in‐differences (DID) model to examine the effect of trade secrets leakage risk on firm innovation. We find that leakage risk significantly reduces firm innovation. We also find that the results are more pronounced in non‐technology‐intensive firms and those with a higher degree of digital transformation, compete in more competitive markets, have stronger internal governance and higher financing constraints. Our findings have important implications for protecting trade secrets in the digital economy.
Overdose prevention centres as spaces of safety, trust and inclusion: A causal pathway based on a realist review
Authors: Stevens Alex , Keemink Jolie R. , Shirley‐Beavan Sam , Khadjesari Zarnie , Artenie Adelina , Vickerman Peter , Southwell Mat , Shorter Gillian W.
Published: August 2024

Issues

Overdose prevention centres (OPC) are non‐residential spaces where people can use illicit drugs (that they have obtained elsewhere) in the presence of staff who can intervene to prevent and manage any overdoses that occur. Many reviews of OPCs exist but they do not explain how OPCs work.

Approach

We carried out a realist review, using the RAMESES reporting standards. We systematically searched for and then thematically analysed 391 documents that provide information on the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes of OPCs.

Key Findings

Our retroductive analysis identified a causal pathway that highlights the feeling of safety – and the immediate outcome of not dying – as conditions of possibility for the people who use OPCs to build trust and experience social inclusion. The combination of safety, trust and social inclusion that is triggered by OPCs can – depending on the contexts in which they operate – generate other positive outcomes, which may include less risky drug use practices, reductions in blood borne viruses and injection‐related infections and wounds, and access to housing. These outcomes are contingent on relevant contexts, including political and legal environments, which differ for women and people from racialised minorities.

Conclusions

OPCs can enable people who live with structural violence and vulnerability to develop feelings of safety and trust that help them stay alive and to build longer term trajectories of social inclusion, with potential to improve other aspects of their health and living conditions.
Dermatologische unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen bei Behandlung mit Biologika – Pathogenese und Management
Authors: Trefzer Laura Katharina , Pilz Anna Caroline , Eyerich Kilian
Published: August 2024

Biologika sind für verschiedene Entzündungskrankheiten aus Dermatologie, Allergologie, Rheumatologie und Gastroenterologie sowie für zahlreiche maligne Erkrankungen zugelassen. Dermatologische unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen durch Biologika können primären entzündlichen Dermatosen ähneln, unterscheiden sich von ihnen jedoch in ihrer Pathogenese. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir die fünf verschiedenen Pathomechanismen dermatologischer, unerwünschter Arzneimittelwirkungen durch Biologika. Durch besseres Verständnis dieser Mechanismen erhoffen wir uns wertvolle Einblicke in die Pathogenese primärer Entzündungskrankheiten zu gewinnen. Außerdem geben wir in diesem Artikel Empfehlungen für die Behandlung und das Management der durch Biologika ausgelösten dermatologischen unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen.
Konventionelle und neue Behandlungsstrategien bei Porokeratosen: Eine narrative Übersicht
Authors: La Yumeng , Zhu Jie , Mueller Simon M.
Published: August 2024

Porokeratosen sind eine heterogene Gruppe autoinflammatorischer Keratinisierungsstörungen, die durch kornoide Lamellen gekennzeichnet sind. Neben Genmutationen, die sich auf den Mevalonat‐Stoffwechselweg auswirken, werden auch Umweltfaktoren wie UV‐Strahlung, Immunsuppression, Traumata und Infektionen für die Entstehung von Porokeratosen verantwortlich gemacht. Bislang gibt es keine Behandlungsrichtlinien oder Evidenzgrade für die gängigen pharmakologischen und nicht‐pharmakologischen Behandlungsoptionen bei Porokeratosen. Zu den konventionellen Behandlungen zählen topische und systemische Medikamente wie Salicylsäure, topische Glucocorticoide und Retinoide, Phototherapie, Laser und chirurgische Verfahren. Bessere Erkenntnisse über die Pathogenese von Porokeratosen haben die Entwicklung neuartiger therapeutischer Ansätze ermöglicht, etwa topische Statine oder monoklonale Antikörper. In dieser narrativen Übersichtsarbeit werden sowohl die herkömmlichen als auch neuen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten einschließlich ihres Evidenzgrads sowie ihrer Vor‐ und Nachteile zusammengefasst.
Genexpressionsprofile beim Porokarzinom deuten auf heterogene Tumorentwicklung hin und untermauern Porome als Vorläuferläsionen
Authors: Holst Svenja , Weber Anna K. , Meier Friedegund , Otte Jörg , Petzsch Patrick , Reifenberger Julia , Wachtmeister Thorsten , Westphal Dana , Ziemer Mirjana , Wruck Wasco , Adjaye James , Betz Regina C. , Rütten Arno , Surowy Harald M. , Redler Silke
Published: August 2024

Hintergrund und Ziele

Maligne Schweißdrüsentumoren sind selten, wobei das ekkrine Porokarzinom (EP) das häufigste ist. Etwa 18 % der benignen ekkrinen Porome (EPO) entwickeln sich zum EP. Wissenschaftliche Studien haben erste Einblicke in die Mutationslandschaft von EPs geliefert. Allerdings wurden in nur wenigen Studien Genexpressionsanalysen durchgeführt. Dies hinterlässt eine Lücke im Verständnis der EP‐Biologie und potenzieller Treiber der malignen Transformation von EPO zu EP.

Methoden

Es wurde eine Transkriptomanalyse von 23 Proben primärer EP und normaler Haut (NH) durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse aus den EP‐Proben wurden dann an 17 EP‐Proben getestet.

Ergebnisse

Das Transkriptom‐Profiling zeigte eine Vielfalt in der Genexpression und deutete auf biologisch heterogene Subeinheiten sowie eine weit verbreitete Herunterregulierung von Genen im EP hin. Herunterregulierte Gene umfassten CD74, NDGR1, SRRM2, CDC42, ANXA2, KFL9 und NOP53. Die Expressionsniveaus von CD74, NDGR1, SRRM2, ANXA2 und NOP53 zeigten eine stufenweise Abnahme der Expression von NH über EPO zu EP, was die Hypothese unterstützt, dass das EPO einen Zwischenschritt in der EP‐Entwicklung darstellt.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Studie zeigt, dass das EP molekular komplex ist und der evolutionäre Verlauf der Tumorinitiierung und ‐progression entspricht. Die Ergebnisse legen eine Beteiligung der p53‐Achse und des EGFR‐Signalwegs nahe. Eine größere Probenanzahl ist erforderlich, um diese Ergebnisse zu bestätigen.
Insights from local government managers: Navigating crises through organizational capacities and perceptions
Authors: Barbera Carmela , Dom Bernard , du Boys Céline , Korać Sanja , Saliterer Iris , Steccolini Ileana
Published: August 2024

Recent years have shown that strategic responses to crises by local governments (LGs) depend on the type of crisis, the institutional environment, but also internal capacities and sensemaking processes. However, such relationships have not been tested widely yet. Based on a survey of managers (n = 590) from cities with more than 15,000 inhabitants in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, this study explores the role played by specific organizational capacities (critical thinking, bricolage, and financial capacities) and crisis perceptions (valence—i.e., threat vs. opportunity; and controllability) in shaping adaptive or regressive response strategies. Results show that these capacities are associated with how LGs' managers perceive crises and the type of responses adopted. Higher financial capacity, bricolage, and critical thinking are associated with stronger sense of organizational controllability, but they have different relationships with threat and opportunity perceptions. The study confirms the importance of distinguishing valence (threat and opportunity) from controllability perceptions.
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance trends among vaginal bacteria isolates from pregnant bitches
Authors: Tešin Nadežda , Stančić Ivan , Tekić Dragana , Ačanski Aleksandar , Kovačević Zorana
Published: August 2024

Many of the reproductive tract infections in the bitches are caused by bacteria that can normally be present on the vaginal mucosa. These bacteria also might have an important role as the cause responsible for pregnancy loss and fetal deaths. The choice of antibiotic therapy for the pregnant animal is narrow and represents a severe problem in veterinary practice, especially due to increased antimicrobial resistance. Due to incorrect antimicrobials use in breeding kennels, the aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of the bacterial flora isolated from the pregnant bitches and their antibiotic sensitivity. The study was carried out at the private Veterinary clinic in Novi Sad, Serbia. The vaginal swabs were taken from 60 bitches diagnosed with pregnancy and were sent to be laboratory tested. Based on the results, the most common isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (20%) and beta‐hemolytic streptococci (18.33%). Furthermore, significant resistance to antibiotics from beta‐lactams group was detected. It is of particular importance that antimicrobial treatment be evidence based in order to reduce the overuse of antimicrobials due to increased concern regarding antimicrobial resistance.
State childcare provision in China: Subnational variations and localized policy contexts across 31 mainland provinces
Authors: Liu Wenting , Dai Haijing
Published: August 2024

The social organization of childcare is of special relevance to gender equality and family wellbeing. Childcare provision in China is often recognized as a case of familism, which highly relies on family care with limited state support. However, this all‐encompassing view may mask the local discrepancy generated by a decentralized social welfare system, especially when emerging initiatives have been enacted due to the government's concern about fertility. This article analyses the variation of childcare policies across 31 China mainland provinces, from the perspective of welfare regime theory. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, six policy patterns with varying configurations of familizing and defamilizing support are identified: (1) dual‐earner support, (2) moderate dual‐earner support, (3) moderate support, (4) general family support, (5) modified family support, and (6) a geo‐special case. We further explore the socioeconomic contexts of various policy profiles, with a particular focus on fertility and female employment. Findings suggest that, although with a nationally shared welfare ideology, subnational governments could exploit divergent strategies to support childcare in response to localized socioeconomic conditions. This research also provides insights into how childcare responsibilities are distributed between state and family in a non‐western country.
Predicting Learning: Understanding the Role of Executive Functions in Children's Belief Revision Using Bayesian Models
Authors: Colantonio Joseph A. , Bascandziev Igor , Theobald Maria , Brod Garvin , Bonawitz Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

Recent studies suggest that learners who are asked to predict the outcome of an event learn more than learners who are asked to evaluate it retrospectively or not at all. One possible explanation for this “prediction boost” is that it helps learners engage metacognitive reasoning skills that may not be spontaneously leveraged, especially for individuals with still‐developing executive functions. In this paper, we combined multiple analytic approaches to investigate the potential role of executive functions in elementary school‐aged children's science learning. We performed an experiment that investigates children's science learning during a water displacement task where a “prediction boost” had previously been observed—children either made an explicit prediction or evaluated an event post hoc (i.e., postdiction). We then considered the relation of executive function measures and learning, which were collected following the main experiment. Via mixed effects regression models, we found that stronger executive function skills (i.e., stronger inhibition and switching scores) were associated with higher accuracy in Postdiction but not in the Prediction Condition. Using a theory‐based Bayesian model, we simulated children's individual performance on the learning task (capturing “belief flexibility”), and compared this “flexibility” to the other measures to understand the relationship between belief revision, executive function, and prediction. Children in the Prediction Condition showed near‐ceiling “belief flexibility” scores, which were significantly higher than among children in the Postdiction Condition. We also found a significant correlation between children's executive function measures to our “belief flexibility” parameter, but only for children in the Postdiction Condition. These results indicate that when children provided responses post hoc, they may have required stronger executive function capacities to navigate the learning task. Additionally, these results suggest that the “prediction boost” in children's science learning could be explained by increased metacognitive flexibility in the belief revision process.
Quantitative Measurements in the Exhaust Flow of A Rotating Detonation Combustor Using Rainbow Schlieren Deflectometry
Authors: Gupta Apurav , Miller Robert , Bell Kayla , Langner Dalton , Agrawal Ajay K.
Published: August 2024

This study employs rainbow schlieren deflectometry (RSD) to characterize the unsteady, supersonic/subsonic exhaust plume of a rotating detonation combustor (RDC). First, RSD images are analyzed to quantify the frequency and strength of flow oscillations and their relationship to the detonation wave. Secondly, a three-dimensional (3D) tomographic algorithm is used to obtain the local 3D density field across the whole region of interest (ROI). The tomographic analysis relies upon wave rotation to infer projection data of the 3D exhaust plume at multiple view angles using a single RSD camera system and was previously validated using phantom data from computational fluid dynamics analysis of an RDC. The annular RDC operated on methane and 2/3 O2–1/3 N2 oxidizer mixture is equipped with a converging nozzle to pressurize the combustion chamber. The product flow exiting the nozzle throat expands across an unoptimized conical aerospike attached to the center body of the RDC. RSD images provide a temporal resolution of 369 ns and spatial resolution of 100 μm in a 6.4 mm high and 25.6 mm wide ROI of the exhaust plume. A rainbow filter is calibrated to convert hue in color schlieren images into deflection angle data. These data are used to characterize the unsteady flow oscillations that show excellent agreement with PCB pressure probe measurements acquired inside the combustion chamber. Tomographic analysis yields a 3D local density field that shows distinct features, consistent with published numerical simulations of the RDC exhaust plume. For the first time, this work demonstrates the ability of high-speed nonintrusive RSD diagnostics to acquire whole-field density measurements in an operational RDC. Such data would be valuable to validate high-fidelity numerical simulations and gain a further understanding of the exhaust flow to help with RDC-turbine integration. Further improvements to the RSD hardware and analysis procedures would enhance present capabilities to ultimately infer other thermodynamic properties such as temperature and pressure from density measurements.
An Optimization Method for Stiffness and Damping Mistuning Identification From Blade Tip Timing Data
Authors: Krizak Troy , Kurstak Eric , D'Souza Kiran
Published: August 2024

System identification of dynamic properties is of large interest in the turbomachinery industry to create more accurate computational models and more effective designs. Previous identification techniques are able to accurately capture the blade variability, known as mistuning, in the stiffness as well as the average damping of all the blades. Mistuning is vital to accurately identify and study because the symmetry of the system is broken and can lead to vibration localization and high amplitudes. In this work, a new method is proposed to not only capture the stiffness mistuning values but also the blade-to-blade variability in damping. These damping mistuning values have been shown to have a significant effect on the dynamics of bladed disk systems. Incorporation of the damping mistuning into the computational model can be done utilizing an augmented component mode mistuning (CMM) method with either structural or proportional damping. The mistuning values for this new identification method were compared to a well-established direct method and a previously studied optimization method. Blade responses were then found using a harmonic analysis and the newly identified mistuning values. These blade responses were then compared to experimental tip timing data from full scale rotating experiments. These comparisons show that the new model is able to better reproduce experimental data using computational models that incorporate both stiffness and damping mistuning values.
Does Neuromuscular Training Reduce the Risk of Lower-Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury in High School Female Athletes With a History of Sport-Related Concussion?
Authors: McPherson April L. , Zuleger Taylor M. , Barber Foss Kim D. , Warren Shayla M. , Hogg Jennifer A. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Myer Gregory D.
Published: August 2024

Context: There is a well-established increased risk of lower-extremity (LE) musculoskeletal (MSK) injury following a sport-related concussion (SRC). Neuromuscular training programs improve biomechanics associated with LE MSK injury and reduce LE MSK injury incidence, but their relative effectiveness in athletes with history of SRC is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate LE MSK injury incidence in female adolescent athletes with history of SRC following a neuromuscular training intervention. Design: Prospective case-control. Methods: Seventy-seven adolescent female athletes aged 12–18 years who participated in soccer, volleyball, or basketball were recruited from a single institutional sports medicine research and performance center to complete a 6-week neuromuscular training program prior to competitive athletic season. Group (Control, History of SRC) comparisons of athlete exposure and relative LE MSK injury risk and rates during the competitive athletic season were assessed. Results: Ten injuries were recorded by 9 athletes. Female athletes who reported history of SRC had increased injury risk (Risk Ratio 3.9, 95% CI, 1.1–13.8, P = .01) and increased injury rate (rate ratio 4.1, 95% CI, 1.1–15.8, P = .03) compared with female athletes without history of SRC. Conclusions: Female adolescent athletes with history of SRC showed a greater risk of LE MSK injury compared with athletes with no history of SRC. Future work is still needed to understand the underlying mechanisms associated with future LE MSK injury following SRC and interventions that ameliorate elevated injury risk.
Poly-GR repeats associated with ALS/FTD gene
C9ORF72
impair translation elongation and induce a ribotoxic stress response in neurons
Authors: Dong Daoyuan , Zhang Zhe , Li Yini , Latallo Malgorzata J. , Wang Shaopeng , Nelson Blake , Wu Rong , Krishnan Gopinath , Gao Fen-Biao , Wu Bin , Sun Shuying
Published: August 2024

Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the
C9ORF72
gene is the most frequent inherited cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The expansion results in multiple dipeptide repeat proteins, among which arginine-rich poly-GR proteins are highly toxic to neurons and decrease the rate of protein synthesis. We investigated whether the effect on protein synthesis contributes to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. We found that the expression of poly-GR proteins inhibited global translation by perturbing translation elongation. In iPSC-differentiated neurons, the translation of transcripts with relatively slow elongation rates was further slowed, and stalled, by poly-GR. Elongation stalling increased ribosome collisions and induced a ribotoxic stress response (RSR) mediated by ZAKα that increased the phosphorylation of the kinase p38 and promoted cell death. Knockdown of ZAKα or pharmacological inhibition of p38 ameliorated poly-GR–induced toxicity and improved the survival of iPSC–derived neurons from patients with
C9ORF72
-ALS/FTD. Our findings suggest that targeting the RSR may be neuroprotective in patients with ALS/FTD caused by repeat expansion in
C9ORF72
.
Evidence for phosphate-dependent control of symbiont cell division in the model anemone
Exaiptasia diaphana
Authors: Faulstich Nathan G. , Deloach Alexis R. , Ksor Ykok B. , Mesa Gabriel H. , Sharma Daiven S. , Sisk Sebastian L. , Mitchell Geoffrey C.
Published: August 2024

Reef-building corals depend on symbiosis with photosynthetic algae that reside within their cells. As important as this relationship is for maintaining healthy reefs, it is strikingly delicate. When ocean temperatures briefly exceed the average summer maximum, corals can bleach, losing their endosymbionts. Although the mechanisms governing bleaching are unknown, studies implicate uncoupling of coral and algal cell divisions at high temperatures. Still, little is known regarding the coordination of host and algal cell divisions. Control of nutrient exchange is one likely mechanism. Both nitrogen and phosphate are necessary for dividing cells, and although nitrogen enrichment is known to increase symbiont density in the host, the consequences of phosphate enrichment are poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of phosphate depletion on symbiont growth in culture and compared the physiology of phosphate-starved symbionts in culture to symbionts that were freshly isolated from a host. We found that available phosphate is as low in freshly isolated symbionts as it is in phosphate-starved cultures. Furthermore, RNAseq revealed that phosphate-limited and freshly isolated symbionts have similar patterns of gene expression for phosphate-dependent genes, most notably upregulation of phosphatases, which is consistent with phosphate recycling. Similarly, lipid profiling revealed a substantial decrease in phospholipid abundance in both phosphate-starved cultures and freshly isolated symbionts. These findings are important because they suggest that limited access to phosphate controls algal cell divisions within a host.

IMPORTANCE

The corals responsible for building tropical reefs are disappearing at an alarming rate as elevated sea temperatures cause them to bleach and lose the algal symbionts they rely on. Without these symbionts, corals are unable to harvest energy from sunlight and, therefore, struggle to thrive or even survive in the nutrient-poor waters of the tropics. To devise solutions to address the threat to coral reefs, it is necessary to understand the cellular events underpinning the bleaching process. One model for bleaching proposes that heat stress impairs algal photosynthesis and transfer of sugar to the host. Consequently, the host’s demands for nitrogen decrease, increasing nitrogen availability to the symbionts, which leads to an increase in algal proliferation that overwhelms the host. Our work suggests that phosphate may play a similar role to nitrogen in this feedback loop.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: 50 Years of Development and Its Role in Nanobiotechnology
Authors: Solovyeva E. V.
Published: August 2024

The review covers the main stages in the development and achievements of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), the fiftieth anniversary of which we celebrate in 2024. Modern theoretical views on the SERS effect, a retrospective of the substrates and materials used, and expansion of the range of studied compounds and objects are presented. Using the example of the most important and interesting applications of SERS spectroscopy, the achievements of the last decade are considered; its role in modern surface chemistry, nanotechnology, bioanalysis and bioimaging methods is shown.
Leptospirosis transmitted from a pet dog
Authors: Nakashiro Haruki , Umakoshi Kensuke , Tanaka Koichi , Tachibana Naoto
Published: August 2024

Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis in tropical regions and it is not frequently recognised in developed countries. We report a case of leptospirosis transmitted from a pet dog. A middle-aged woman was referred to our emergency department with a 7-day history of fever and diarrhoea. She presented with hypotension, tachycardia, grasping pain in the entire muscle and petechiae. A detailed medical interview revealed that her pet dog had been to the veterinarian 1 month earlier with similar symptoms. We treated her with intravenous antibiotics. The patient’s diagnosis of leptospirosis was confirmed by serological testing and the detection of DNA in her urine. We contacted the veterinarian and shared the information. We found that the dog had suffered from leptospirosis based on serological testing. We emphasise the possibility of leptospirosis being transmitted from pet dogs. Persistent suspicion of leptospirosis will contribute to its diagnosis and improved public health.
Five-flavour scheme predictions for $$t\bar{t}b\bar{b}$$ at next-to-leading order accuracy
Authors: Frederix Rikkert , Moskalets Tetiana
Published: August 2024

We compute top quark pair production in association with a bottom quark pair at the LHC within the five-flavour scheme, matched to a parton shower, employing the FxFx merging scheme for $$t\bar{t}+\text {jets}$$

t

t

¯

+
jets

production with up to 2 jets at NLO accuracy. To enhance the selection efficiency for the events with b-jets within the inclusive five-flavour sample, we augment the generation probability of bottom quark flavours in the short-distance event generation. Our analysis reveals some differences from NLO predictions within the four-flavour scheme.
HL-LHC sensitivity to higgsinos from natural SUSY with gravitino LSP
Authors: Dai Jianpeng , Li Song , Yang Jin Min , Zhang Yang , Zhu Pengxuan , Zhu Rui
Published: August 2024

In the realm of natural supersymmetric models, higgsinos are typically the lightest electroweakinos. In gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking models, the lightest higgsino-dominated particles decay into a Z-boson or a Higgs boson (h), along with an ultra-light gravitino ($$\tilde{G}$$

G
~

) serving as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). This scenario suggests a significant non-resonant hh production. Basing on the recent global fitting results of the $$\tilde{G}$$

G
~

-EWMSSM (MSSM with light electroweakinos and an eV-scale gravitino as the LSP) performed by the collaboration, which support a higgsino-dominated electroweakino as light as 140 GeV, we develop two simplified models to evaluate their detection potential at the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) with $$\sqrt{s} = 14~\textrm{TeV}$$

s

=
14

TeV

and an integrated luminosity of $$3000~\textrm{fb}^{-1}$$

3000

fb

-
1

. The first model examines the processes where heavier higgsino-dominated states decay into soft W/Z bosons, while the second focuses on direct decays of all three higgsino-dominated electroweakinos into W/Z/h plus a $$\tilde{G}$$

G
~

. Our study, incorporating both models and their distinct decay channels, utilizes detailed Monte Carlo simulations for signals and standard model backgrounds. We find that the HL-LHC can probe higgsinos up to 575 GeV, potentially discovering or excluding the natural SUSY scenario in the context of a gravitino LSP. Further, we reinterpret this discovery potential using the GAMBIT global fit samples, and find that the entire parameter space of $$|\mu | \le 500~\textrm{GeV}$$

|
μ
|
≤
500

GeV

with an electroweak fine-tuning measure ($$\Delta _{\textrm{EW}}$$

Δ
EW

) under 100 in $$\tilde{G}$$

G
~

-EWMSSM is accessible at the HL-LHC.
The Standardized Application of Data Mining Algorithm Based on Computational Linguistics in English Teaching
Authors: Li Yang
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of computational linguistics and data mining technology, the field of education is gradually exploring its potential applications in teaching. This paper proposes a standardized application method based on data mining algorithms, aiming to improve the systematicity and effectiveness of English teaching. Firstly, we apply data mining techniques to analyze the characteristics of English computer language in order to construct a data-driven teaching foundation. Subsequently, through in-depth analysis of these data, we designed and implemented an evaluation of the mining effect in English teaching classrooms. To ensure consistency and effectiveness in English teaching, we have established a computational linguistics English teaching model based on data mining algorithms. This model covers multiple aspects such as text classification, sentiment analysis, and semantic understanding, providing more accurate and personalized teaching and learning experiences for English teachers and students. After testing the model, we found that it can meet the requirements of teaching design and usage, bringing significant impact to English teaching. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the standardized application process of data mining algorithms in English teaching, and explores their positive effects on improving the quality of English teaching.
Towards Re-Architecting Today's Internet for Survivability: NSF Workshop Report
Authors: Bustamante Fabián E. , Doyle John , Willinger Walter , Fayed Marwan , Alderson David L. , Low Steven , Savage Stefan , Schulzrinne Henning
Published: August 2024

On November 28--29, 2023, Northwestern University hosted a workshop titled "Towards Re-architecting Today's Internet for Survivability" in Evanston, Illinois, US. The goal of the workshop was to bring together a group of national and international experts to sketch and start implementing a transformative research agenda for solving one of our community's most challenging yet important tasks: the re-architecting of tomorrow's Internet for "survivability", ensuring that the network is able to fulfill its mission even in the presence of large-scale catastrophic events. This report provides a necessarily brief overview of two full days of active discussions.
Advancing Technical Debt Management in Software Systems with a Comprehensive TD Indicator and Question Catalog
Authors: Çağlayan Dilek , Özcan-Top Özden
Published: August 2024

The Technical Debt (TD) metaphor was introduced over three decades ago and continues to challenge software development projects. Despite its recognized importance, there is a lack of comprehensive catalog that not only lists TD types and indicators but also elucidates them. This paper significantly extends our previous work by presenting a detailed catalog of TD types and indicators, enriched with specific assessment questions and in-depth explanations for each indicator. We had extracted and refined TD categories from both academic and gray literature to assemble a list of 120 TD indicators across 10 distinct TD types. For each indicator, we provide detailed description and at least two tailored assessment questions in this version, to aid in the practical evaluation of technical debt. This enhanced catalog is designed to advance the specification and management of technical debt in software development, offering practitioners clear, actionable insights for assessing and addressing TD.
Semantics Column
Authors: Panangaden Prakash
Published: August 2024

I am delighted to be able to present this overview of game comonads by Samson Abramsky and Luca Reggio. Though this is presented in the semantics column, it is a bridge between the world of semantics with its focus on "structure" and the world of combinatorics and logic. Many game-based techniques have been developed to capture the expressive power of different fragments of logic, for example logics with numerical bounds on the number of quantifiers or alternations, modal logics of various kinds. These restrictions on the logics have combinatorial implications on the models such as restricting the tree width.
A Qualitative Study of Solutions of Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equation in the Plane, from the Perspective of Shiba Bounded Variation
Authors: Pérez Liliana , Rodríguez Luz , Ereú Jurancy
Published: August 2024

In this article a nonlinear Volterra integral equation is studied in the space of functions of the bounded variation in the Shiba sense on the plane. A series of conditions is established for the functions and the kernel involved in this equation which guarantee the global existence and uniqueness of the solution in this space.
Snakebites and Antisnake Venom Utilization in Ghana’s Oti Region: A 6‐Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Ketor Courage Edem , Benneh Charles Kwaku , Mensah Kofi Boamah , Sarkodie Emmanuel , Mensah Adelaide , Somuah Samuel Owusu , Akakpo Selorm , Buabeng Kwame Ohene
Published: August 2024

Background: Snakebite is a global environmental and occupational hazard and a significant public health threat. In rural areas, snakebite cases often go unreported and undocumented due to the lack of access to well‐structured healthcare facilities/infrastructure. In some cases, the need for antisnake venom (ASV) far outstrips supply, negatively affecting treatment outcomes. This study, therefore, assessed the epidemiological characteristics of snakebite cases, their management, and how antivenoms are utilised at the selected hospital in the Jasikan District Hospital.

Methods: A 6‐year retrospective study using secondary data from antivenom return forms (pharmacy records), clinical records (patient folders), the District Health Information Management System‐2 (DHIMS‐2) database, and consulting room registers was carried out in selected hospitals in the Jasikan District, Oti, Ghana.

Results: The predominant symptom of snakebite was localised pain (71.4%). The snakebite commonly occurred at home (19%) and on farms (18%). Of the 98 snakebite cases, ASV was administered to 73 (74.5%) cases. Supportive treatment applied included prophylactic antitetanus immunoglobulin (ATS) (80.6%), prophylactic antibiotics (63%), corticosteroids (80.6%), and analgesics (63%). 95% (n = 94) of complete recoveries were recorded; three were discharged against medical advice, and one was mortality. The supply and use of antivenom were erratic throughout the months of high incidence, partly due to inconsistent availability at the Regional Medical Stores. The average ASV vials and hospital stay duration were 1.23 ± 0.86 vials and 2.67 ± 1.97 days, respectively. Although the peak of snakebites occurs in April, May, and June, the demand for antivenom in April and May exceeded supply.

Conclusion: The outcome of most snakebite case management was appropriate, irrespective of inadequate ASV supply in certain months. The erratic antivenom supply should be aligned with seasonal and facility‐use patterns to enhance regional snakebite management.
Burden of Respiratory Disease in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Experience from a PICU of a Tertiary Care Center in Pakistan
Authors: Ishaque Sidra , Bibi Nazia , Dawood Zaiba Shafik , Hamid Janeeta , Maha Quratulain , Sherazi Syeda Asma , Saleem Ali Faisal , Abbas Qalab , Siddiqui Naveed Ur Rehman , Haque Anwar Ul
Published: August 2024

Introduction. We aimed to determine the burden of respiratory disease by examining clinical profiles and associated predictors of morbidity and mortality of patients admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Pakistan, a resource limited country. We also stratified the respiratory diseases as defined by the Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) Classification. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on children aged 1 month to 18 years who were diagnosed with respiratory illness at the PICU in a tertiary hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Demographics, essential clinical details including immunization status, and the outcome in terms of mortality or survival were recorded. Predictors of mortality and morbidity including prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation in the PICU were analyzed using the chi‐square test or Fischer’s exact test as appropriate. Results. 279 (63.8% male; median age 9 months, IQR 4–36 months) patients were evaluated of which 44.2% were malnourished and 23.3% were incompletely immunized. The median length of stay in the PICU was 3 days (IQR 2–5 days). Pneumonia was the principal diagnosis in 170 patients (62%) and accounted for most deaths. 76/279 (27.2%) were ventilated, and 67/279(24.0%) needed inotropic support. A high Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) III score, pneumothorax, and lower airway disease were significantly associated with ventilation support. The mortality rate of patients was 14.3%. Predictors of mortality were a high PRISM III score (OR 1.179; 95% CI 1.024–1.358, P = 0.022) and a positive blood culture (OR 4.305; 95% CI 1.062‐17.448, P = 0.041). Conclusion. Pneumonia is a significant contributor of respiratory diseases in the PICU in Pakistan and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. A high PRISM III score, pneumothorax, and lower airway disease were predictors for ventilation support. A high PRISM III score and a positive blood culture were predictors of patient mortality in our study.
Bridge Displacement Prediction from Dynamic Responses of a Passing Vehicle Using CNN‐GRU Networks
Authors: Sun Xiao-Tong , Wang Zuo-Cai , Zhang Fei , Xin Yu , Jing Yue-Ling
Published: August 2024

Dynamic displacement is an important indicator for bridge safety estimation but is difficult to measure due to economic or technological limitations. Dynamic responses of a passing vehicle include the bridge dynamic response information. This study proposes a framework utilizing artificial neural networks to efficiently and accurately predict bridge displacements from the dynamic response of a passing vehicle. The input and the output of the networks are the vehicle acceleration responses and the bridge dynamic displacement responses, respectively. The implemented framework consists of convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent units (GRU). CNN is adept at feature extraction in the microcosm of short‐term time series, revealing intricate nuances. As a complement, GRU plays a crucial role in extracting features of macroscopic long‐term time series. The CNN‐GRU network can efficiently extract higher‐order features contained in the input data. Numerical experiments are conducted using the developed vehicle‐bridge interaction (VBI) system model to obtain requisite data for training the deep neural network. The impact of the presence or absence of roadway irregularities and the number of vehicles are discussed, indicating the accuracy of the framework. Furthermore, a laboratory experiment is conducted to further assess the performance of the CNN‐GRU network. Results indicate that the CNN‐GRU network offers an effective alternative for bridge displacement measurements.
Genome Sequencing Unveils the Role of Copy Number Variants in Hearing Loss and Identifies Novel Deletions With Founder Effect in the DFNB1 Locus
Authors: Lin Zibin , Xiang Jiale , Sun Xiangzhong , Song Nana , Liu Xiaozhou , Cai Qinming , Yang Jing , Ye Haodong , Xu Jiangfan , Zhang Hongfu , Peng Jiguang , Sun Yu , Peng Zhiyu
Published: August 2024

Sensorineural hearing loss is a prevalent disorder with significant genetic involvement, which is often challenging to diagnose due to genetic heterogeneity. Exome sequencing (ES) has been a standard diagnostic tool for sensorineural hearing loss, but its limitations in detecting copy number variants (CNVs) and intronic variants have prompted the exploration of genome sequencing (GS) for improved diagnostic yield. We conducted GS on 46 hearing loss families with previously negative ES results and an additional cohort of 36 patients with a monoallelic pathogenic variant in GJB2 (the most common deafness gene). Additionally, the impact of a previously unrecognized novel 125‐kb deletion in the DFNB1 locus on GJB2 expression was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and haplotype analysis was performed to characterize the deletion. GS diagnosed eight cases (17%, 8/46) in the ES‐negative cohort, primarily attributed to CNVs (6/8). Notably, a previously unrecognized 125 kb deletion in the DFNB1 region was identified, affecting GJB2 expression and characterizing it as a founder effect in East Asian. In 47 patients with a monoallelic GJB2 variant, 15% (95% CI, 7.4%–28%) were diagnosed with DFNB1 deletions. Analysis of the gnomAD database revealed the prevalence and ethnic diversity of DFNB1 deletions, with the novel 125 kb deletion emerging as a prominent pathogenic variant in East Asian, non‐Finnish European, and admixed American populations. Our study highlights the utility of GS in diagnosing sensorineural hearing loss. The identification of DFNB1 deletions underscores their significant contribution to hearing loss etiology, advocating for their inclusion in routine diagnostic testing. We propose GS as a primary genetic testing approach for patients with hearing loss, offering comprehensive genomic analysis and the potential for improved diagnostic accuracy.
Supplementary Video 1 from Anti-EGFR Antibody–Drug Conjugate Carrying an Inhibitor Targeting CDK Restricts Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth
Authors: Cheung Anthony , Chenoweth Alicia M. , Johansson Annelie , Laddach Roman , Guppy Naomi , Trendell Jennifer , Esapa Benjamina , Mavousian Antranik , Navarro-Llinas Blanca , Haider Syed , Romero-Clavijo Pablo , Hoffmann Ricarda M. , Andriollo Paolo , Rahman Khondaker M. , Jackson Paul , Tsoka Sophia , Irshad Sheeba , Roxanis Ioannis , Grigoriadis Anita , Thurston David E. , Lord Christopher J. , Tutt Andrew N. J. , Karagiannis Sophia N.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Video 1. Confocal Z-stack 3D video of ADC colocalization within lysosome clusters. Confocal microscopy video of a 3D reconstruction image of a live MDA-MB-468 cell showing spatial information of ADC colocalization within lysosome clusters after 24 hr of treatment (please also see Figure 4B). Cell represents treatment of 10 nM Alexa-Fluor-647 labelled ADC (magenta) for 24 hr, and stained with lysosome dye (orange) followed by Hoechst 3342 nucleus dye (blue).
Supplementary Table 1 from Anti-EGFR Antibody–Drug Conjugate Carrying an Inhibitor Targeting CDK Restricts Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth
Authors: Cheung Anthony , Chenoweth Alicia M. , Johansson Annelie , Laddach Roman , Guppy Naomi , Trendell Jennifer , Esapa Benjamina , Mavousian Antranik , Navarro-Llinas Blanca , Haider Syed , Romero-Clavijo Pablo , Hoffmann Ricarda M. , Andriollo Paolo , Rahman Khondaker M. , Jackson Paul , Tsoka Sophia , Irshad Sheeba , Roxanis Ioannis , Grigoriadis Anita , Thurston David E. , Lord Christopher J. , Tutt Andrew N. J. , Karagiannis Sophia N.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Table 1. Summary of transcriptomic datasets from different patient cohorts.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Anti-EGFR Antibody–Drug Conjugate Carrying an Inhibitor Targeting CDK Restricts Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Growth
Authors: Cheung Anthony , Chenoweth Alicia M. , Johansson Annelie , Laddach Roman , Guppy Naomi , Trendell Jennifer , Esapa Benjamina , Mavousian Antranik , Navarro-Llinas Blanca , Haider Syed , Romero-Clavijo Pablo , Hoffmann Ricarda M. , Andriollo Paolo , Rahman Khondaker M. , Jackson Paul , Tsoka Sophia , Irshad Sheeba , Roxanis Ioannis , Grigoriadis Anita , Thurston David E. , Lord Christopher J. , Tutt Andrew N. J. , Karagiannis Sophia N.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure 3. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of G1/S-phase cell cycle genes in breast cancer.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Evaluating the Base Excision Repair Inhibitor TRC102 and Temozolomide for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma in the Phase 2 Adult Brain Tumor Consortium Trial BERT
Authors: Ahluwalia Manmeet S. , Ozair Ahmad , Drappatz Jan , Ye Xiaobu , Peng Sen , Lee Matthew , Rath Sanhita , Dhruv Harshil , Hao Yue , Berens Michael E. , Walbert Tobias , Holdhoff Matthias , Lesser Glenn J. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Sloan Andrew E. , Takebe Naoko , Couce Marta , Peereboom David M. , Nabors Burt , Wen Patrick Y. , Grossman Stuart A. , Rogers Lisa R.
Published: August 2024

Association between MGMT and MPG mRNA levels in newly-diagnosed glioblastoma patients from the TCGA database.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Evaluating the Base Excision Repair Inhibitor TRC102 and Temozolomide for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma in the Phase 2 Adult Brain Tumor Consortium Trial BERT
Authors: Ahluwalia Manmeet S. , Ozair Ahmad , Drappatz Jan , Ye Xiaobu , Peng Sen , Lee Matthew , Rath Sanhita , Dhruv Harshil , Hao Yue , Berens Michael E. , Walbert Tobias , Holdhoff Matthias , Lesser Glenn J. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Sloan Andrew E. , Takebe Naoko , Couce Marta , Peereboom David M. , Nabors Burt , Wen Patrick Y. , Grossman Stuart A. , Rogers Lisa R.
Published: August 2024

Correlation between MGMT and MPG protein levels in glioblastoma from the CPTAC database.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Age-Related Increases in IGFBP2 Increase Melanoma Cell Invasion and Lipid Synthesis
Authors: Alicea Gretchen M. , Patel Payal , Portuallo Marie E. , Fane Mitchell E. , Wei Meihan , Chhabra Yash , Dixit Agrani , Carey Alexis E. , Wang Vania , Rocha Murilo R. , Behera Reeti , Speicher David W. , Tang Hsin-Yao , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Rebecca Vito W. , Wirtz Denis , Weeraratna Ashani T.
Published: August 2024

Overview of IGFBP2 expression in patient data bases, additional pAKT staining, and oil red O zoom out.