bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social aspects of introducing online learning - the students' perspective
Authors:   University of Zielona Góra, Lis Magdalena , Wolna Natalia ,   University of Zielona Góra, Moczulska Marta ,   University of Zielona Góra, Solińska Kinga ,   University of Zielona Góra
Published: December 2020

The article presents the introduction of online learning at universities in Poland, which was a solution aimed at preventing, countering and combating COVID-19. Attention was drawn to the perception of this change by the stakeholders, i.e. students. The analysis examines students’ concerns regarding the implementation of this form of learning in selected areas related to access to technology, the organization of classes, and the participation in them, social interactions and administrative activities. The aim of the research was also to ascertain students’ opinions on the consequences of the implemented change and on the actions aimed at facilitating the transition to online learning undertaken by the authorities and university employees. The research was conducted with the use of an electronic survey questionnaire. The responses of 189 full-time university students were analyzed. Based on the results of the research, communication between students and university authorities, as well as the involvement of participants in the process of change were considered as key elements in the implementation of online learning. Among the important activities there were those that enable participation in online learning (provision of equipment, programs, licenses) and those that support learning (access to library resources). As regards the latter, conclusions were formulated concerning the planning of teaching, i.e. the content and the way of transferring knowledge.
Consciousness: effect of coaching process and specifics through AI usage
Authors: Movsumova Ekaterina , Alexandrov Vasiliy , Rudenko Larisa , Aizen Valeria , Sidelnikova Svetlana , Voytko Mikhail
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of the article is to investigate how coaching itself affects a person and evaluate it as an effective tool. The second goal is to find out what the features of coaching with use of an AI based assistant are. The problem of studying the effectiveness of coaching is indicated by the purpose of finding out, based on the results of the work in the session, to what extent the result obtained will lead the respondent to specific actions. To this end, the main measurable metrics were stress level, willingness to act, and clarity regarding the request. The study confirmed that the majority of sessions had a “positive” dynamic in at least one of the consciousness components (increase of clarity or willingness to act and decrease of stress). The key implication is that it is important to keep a coachee away from stress to create space for clarity and willingness to act. The research results show that an AI-based tool is more effective in new requests with high importance for a client regarding willingness to act and clarity, confidential requests in terms of privacy and sensitivity regarding clarity. A coach is perceived as overall stronger in usefulness, effectiveness and stress reduction. Analyzing the results of the coach-AI-assistant interaction, the study shows that AI broadens the vision of coaches. From the point of view of the threat of the coach-bot interaction, there is a bottleneck that emerged during the feedback process during the study. In several sessions, coaches were not able to develop an emotional connection well enough through written dialogue – due to the absence of face-to-face contact. One of the key outcomes regarding the “client-coach” interaction is the high importance of emotional contact.
Preparation of biocompatible hydrogel from lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) as cell carriers
Authors: Zhao Houkuan , Feng Qinghua , Xie Yimin , Li Jinling , Chen Xuekuan
Published: December 2020

Two poplar lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs), LCC-48 and LCC-72, were isolated at different milling times, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. A new hydrogel carrier was prepared from these LCCs in the presence of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as the crosslinker for cell (human hepatocyte (L-02)) culture. The effects of the structure of LCC on the carrier were investigated. The FT-IR spectra indicate that the two LCC samples were composed of lignin and polysaccharide, and showed a typical LCC structure. The galactose contents of LCC-48 and LCC-72 were 3.02% and 5.67%, respectively. The results of cell culture show that a large number of hepatocytes adhered to the porous carriers. Hepatocytes grown on the LCC carriers outperformed the control group in every observed category, including cell proliferation rate and metabolic activity. These results indicate that poplar LCC might be a great potential precursor of biological carriers for human hepatocytes culture.
Evaluation of alternatives of cryptocurrency accounting
Authors: Subačienė Rasa , Kurauskienė Natalija
Published: December 2020

The emergence and popularity of the cryptocurrency has caused a great deal of controversy in the scientific community over market development opportunities, further use of virtual money, and its integration into traditional accounting systems. The global financial market creates many opportunities to use electronic and virtual money for various types of transactions, and the question of how to record cryptocurrency and related transactions in accounting remains relevant. The aim of the research is to evaluate the alternatives of cryptocurrency accounting. For the research methods of scientific literature analysis, comparison, interpretation, information systematization, generalization were used. Although various authors, national and international accounting standards regulators provide their insights and recommendations on cryptocurrency accounting, a unified system has not been formed yet. Currently are analysed such alternatives of cryptocurrency accounting as financial asset, intangible asset or inventory.
INST Institutional Ownership and Firm Value: A Study on the Bist Manufacturing Index
Authors: Doğan Mesut
Published: December 2020

The aim of this research is to test the relation between institutional ownership and firm value. To accomplish this aim, data from 104 firms listed in the BIST (i.e. Borsa Istanbul) industrial index between 2006 and 2018 have been used. Studies on the structure of ownership have problems with endogeneity. In order to avoid these problems, this study adopted Durbin-Wu-Hausman test with advanced econometric techniques, Ordinary Least Squares (i.e. OLS), and Two-Stage Least Squares (i.e. 2SLS). As a result of the simultaneous equation system improved in this study, a positive relation between institutional ownership as an endogenous variable, and firm value has been located. Besides, it has been found that institutional investors are more interested in the firms that have a higher market performance.
Geochemistry of Nb and Та in magmatic rocks of the Ukrainian Shield
Authors:   M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of NAS of Ukraine, Kryvdik S.G. , Dubyna O.V ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of NAS of Ukraine,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of Geology
Published: December 2020

It was made an attempt to generalize geochemical data of Nb and Ta concentration in the most common igneous rocks of the Ukrainian Shield (USh). In the majority of widely distributed rocks of the USh (normal and subalkaline granitoids) the Nb and Ta concentration are similar to upper crust but lower the accepted Clark value for acidic rocks. In the more differentiated rapakivi granites concentrations of these elements reach or exceed the Clark’s concentrations (up to 35 ppm). Only highly differentiated alkaline rocks and alkaline feldspar granites (Perga, Kamiani mogyly, Ruska Poliana massifs) have high Nb concentrations (up to 800, 120 and 370 ppm, respectively). Medium rocks of the normal range are the least geochemically studied and typically are characterized low Nb and Ta concentrations. Almost all gabbroids as well as their metamorphosed analogues in the greenstone structures, are characterized by very low Nb (and Ta) concentration (two or more orders of magnitude) compared with Clark’s values for basic rocks (20 ppm Nb and 0.48 ppm Ta) according to A.P. Vinogradov. Against this background, increased of Nb and Ta concentration is observed in the main rocks of anorthosite-rapakivi-granite plutons. Howover even in these rocks concentration of these elements rarely reach or does not achieve the values which are typical for subalkaline and alkaline basalts of continental rifts. The regional heterogeneity in Nb and Ta distribution is observed in alkaline rocks of different composition: in the Azov Sea region these rocks are characterized by high concentrations, while in the western part of the USh the content of these elements is extremely low. The increased concentration of these elements is also revealed in kimberlites from the Azov Sea region and the Kyrovohrad megablock of the USh. The authors give some considerations and assumptions about the dependence on geochemical features of the Precambrian igneous rocks of the USh from the geodynamic conditions of their formation.
Kaersutite lamprophyres of the Pokrovo-Kyriivo massif (the Azov area, Ukraine): petrographic features, mineral composition, geochemistry
Authors:   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Gatsenko V.O. , Kushnir S.V. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The paper represents results of the petrographical, geochemical and mineralogical studies of a dyke of porphyry-like mafic rock from the Pokrovo-Kyriivo massif of the Azov area, the Ukrainian Shield. This dyke of fine-grained rock has unique mineral composition as the main mineral in the groundmass is kaersutite. According to mineralogical and petrographic features, it can be identified as kaersutite lamprophyre. The Devonian Pokrovo-Kyriivo massif is located at a junction of the Azov Domain of the Ukrainian Shield and the folded structure of Donbas. This massif is composed of subalkaline (pyroxenite, gabbro) and alkaline (malignites, nepheline syenite) rocks which are cut by numerous dykes varying in composition from ultramafic to intermediate. The dyke of finegrained kaersutite lamprophyre was discovered in the bottom hole of the drillhole 36, where it is intruded into mediumgrained gabbroids and pyroxenites. The groundmass of the rock is composed of kaersutite, titanomagnetite, albite, chlorite, titanite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, apatite, monazite. The phenocrysts are represented by chlorite and talc pseudomorphoses after a diamond-shaped mineral with shortened obtuse angles. According to electron microprobe analysis, kaersutite has low TiO2 content and intermediate mg# values of 0.54—0.67. According to the chemical composition, studied kaersutites differ from the same mineral in the microgabro dyke in the Pokrovo-Kyriivo massif, and from kaersutites in camptonites of the Khlibodarivka open pit in the Azov area. At the same time, it is similar to kaersutites from camptonites of the Novoukrainka dyke field of the Inhul terrane. Kaersutite lamprophyre also differ from dyke rocks of the Pokrovo-Kyriivo massif by the absence of clinopyroxene, mica, ilmenite and low content of TiO2 in titanomagnetite, which does not exceed 6 %. This is due to a low TiO2 content in the rocks (up to 3.5 %), relative to other dyke gabbro of the area. According to mineralogical-petrographic and chemical characteristics, kaersutite lamprophyres are unique rocks that have no direct counterparts in the Azov area or on the Ukrainian Shield in the whole.
Lead-zinc mineralization of fluoriton-bearing areas of the Middle Transnistria
Authors:   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kryuchenko N.O. , Zhovinsky E.Ya. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Zhuk O.A. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Paparyga P.S. ,   Carpathian Biosphere Reserve of Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, Kuhar M.V. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Dmytrenko K.E. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Popenko T.A. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The territory of Middle Transnistria within the Podolsk tectonic zone is a fluorite-bearing province. Together with fluorite manifestations, sulfide mineralization is developed. The research is based on the original stone material, which has been studied using chemical, spectral and microprobe analysis, as well as the results of previous studies of fluorite-polymetallic ore occurrences in the Podolsk tectonic zone (reports of geological works, published and stock literature). Polymetallic (Pb-Zn) mineralization is represented by cement, dissemination and thin veinlets of galena and sphalerite in fluorite-bearing sandstones of the Upper Proterozoic (Olchedaev and Yampol layers), and also rocks of the crystalline basement (in calcite and calcite-fluorite veinlets). Mostly, sandstones consist of quartz — 35—75%, feldspar — 15—45%, rock fragments — up to 20%, altered biotite (up to 5%), as well as accessory minerals, which are represented by single grains of garnet, cordierite, apatite, tourmaline, zircon, monazite. Fluorite-bearing areas with signs of lead-zinc mineralization (galena, sphalerite) have been analyzed, the mineral composition and textural features of sandstones with Pb, Zn contents in the most promising ore occurrences of fluorite have been determined. On this basis, fluorite-polymetallic ore occurrences were identified, a catalog was compiled indicating the content of fluorite, lead and zinc in them. It is shown that most of the polymetallic ore occurrences of the Podolsk tectonic zone are located in the zones of intersection with tectonic faults of the northeastern and meridional directions. The most promising areas for the integrated extraction of fluorite and polymetals (Pb-Zn) were identified: the content of fluorite, the area of deposits and their thickness were taken into account; the content of polymetals and the availability of extraction of the useful component. These criteria are most consistent with the areas – Bakhtyn-Zolotogorsk, Yaryshev-Voevodchin and Vinozh.
Uranium-lead age of granites Chigirin massif
Authors:   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Stepanyuk L.M. , Konoval N.M. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Visotskiy O.B. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Dovbush T.I. ,   M.P. Semenenko Institute Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Bilan O.V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of Geology
Published: December 2020

The age of granites of the Chyhyryn massif – 2040.0 ± 1.1 million years – was determined by the uranium-lead isotope method for accessory monazite. According to the results of mineral studies of zircon crystals, the conclusion that granites this mass, as well as granitoids of Novoukrainsky, is formed due to the crust, which indicates the presence of relict nuclei of substrate rocks in the middle of the crystals of this mineral. It is proposed to combine in one (for example, Kropyvnytskyi) complex All two-field spar granitoids of the Ingul megablock, leaving in the composition of the new Ukrainian just gabbroids, intrusive nature and a deep source that does not create doubts. The Chyhyryn massif has an area of over 3,500 km2, located in the northern part of the Ingul megablock. The main volume of rocks that make up the array is occupied by granites, which in their composition correspond to the granites of the Kirovograd complex. According to structural features, trachytoid and porphyritic granites differ among them, and biotite and garnet-biotite granites differ in composition. The inclusions are usually represented by a microcline (occupying 40-50% of the rock volume), having a tabular shape, 3-8 mm in size, which often contain small inclusions of quartz and plagioclase. Large plate crystals of the microcline are often crushed from the edges. In addition to the microcline, plagioclase crystalline crystals up to 5 mm in size occur in areas. Porphyry-like granites of the Chyhyryn massif, common within the Golovkivsky quarry. Monocytes from biotite granite were dated to determine the time of formation of the Chyhyryn massif. Granite was selected in the Golovkivsky quarry, located south of the village. Skelivka.
Prediction of In-Hospital Mortality After 24 Hours in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Park Hye Won , Park Seo Young , Kim Ellen Ai-Rhan
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The existing prediction formulas for in-hospital mortality of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants were mostly developed in the 1990s or 2000s and thus may not reflect the recently improved levels of neonatal care. We conducted this study to build a model for predicting the in-hospital mortality using perinatal factors available soon after birth.

METHODS:

We gathered data on VLBW infants from the Korean Neonatal Network, a nationwide, prospective, Web-based registry that enrolled patients from 2013 to 2017. Perinatal variables that were significantly associated with mortality in univariate logistic regression or those with apparent clinical importance were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. The final formula was constructed by considering the collinearity, parsimony, goodness of fit, and clinical interpretation.

RESULTS:

A total of 9248 VLBW infants were analyzed, including 1105 (11.9%) who died during hospitalization. The mean gestational age was 29.0 ± 2.9 weeks and the mean birth weight was 1096 ± 280 g. Significant variables used in the final equation included polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, gestational age, Apgar score at 1 minute, intubation at birth, birth weight, and base excess. In internal validation, the area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction of in-hospital mortality was 0.870 and the optimism-corrected AUC was 0.867. The prediction equation revealed good discrimination and calibration in the external validation as well (AUC: 0.876).

CONCLUSIONS:

The newly developed Korean Neonatal Network prediction formula for in-hospital mortality could be a useful tool in counseling by providing a reliable prediction for the in-hospital mortality of VLBW infants.
Signs of Optimism Beyond 2020
Authors: Luoma Samuel
Published: December 2020

The year 2020 is one we are unlikely to forget. At a time when a global pandemic and an economic collapse drove changing technologies and social and economic inequalities, extreme weather events across the country reminded us, especially here in California, that the effects of a warming earth are undeniable. A tumultuous presidency ended, leaving behind a science establishment uncertain about what lies ahead. Such disruptions add to the concern about the disappearance of journals from the Internet, and so it is only natural that readers might be interested in the status of SFEWS. Even as formidable challenges lie ahead, the stability and resilience of SFEWS as one sign of optimism to carry into 2021.
Reasons For Enrolment In The Kindergarten And The Parents' Satisfaction With The Specific Elements Of The Kindergarten/Razlozi upisa i zadovoljstvo roditelja pojedinim elementima rada dječjeg vrtića
Authors: Hadela Jasmina , Rončević Nena , Pergar Melita
Published: December 2020

The importance of the partnership between the parents and the kindergarten is indisputable and there are a number of works which explore the topic of the collaboration between the parents and the preschool teachers. However, there is a lack of studies that examine the parents’ perception of the satisfaction with the specific elements of the kindergarten, which is an important predictor for a high-quality partnership, in the present and in the future. In accordance with the aforementioned, the goal of this research is to determine the level of the parents’ satisfaction with the specific elements of the kindergarten, as well as the reasons for the enrolment of children in the kindergarten. The research participants are the parents (N=132) of the children in early childhood and the preschool children who are enrolled in the kindergartens established by the units of the local self-government in the Međimurje County. The results show that the parents are predominantly satisfied with the kindergarten, and the children’s social and emotional development is highlighted as the reason for the children’s enrolment in the educational institution. Key words: communication; space; the parents’ attitudes; partnership with the kindergarten  Važnost partnerstva roditelja i dječjeg vrtića je neupitna te postoje mnoga istraživanja i radovi koji se bave pitanjem suradnje roditelja i odgajatelja. Međutim, manji je broj istraživanja koja ukazuju na percepciju zadovoljstva određenim elementima dječjeg vrtića od strane roditelja što je svakako važan prediktor kvalitetnog partnerstva, kako u sadašnjosti tako i budućnosti. Sukladno tome, cilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi u kojoj su mjeri roditelji zadovoljni pojedinim elementima rada dječjeg vrtića te koji su razlozi upisa djeteta u dječji vrtić. U istraživanju su sudjelovali roditelji (N=132) djece rane i predškolske dobi koja su polaznici dječjih vrtića čiji su osnivači lokalne jedinice u Međimurskoj županiji. Rezultati ukazuju kako su roditelji uglavnom zadovoljni dječjim vrtićem, a kao razloge upisa djeteta u odgojno-obrazovnu ustanovu procjenjuju one koji se odnose na socijalni i emocionalni razvoj djeteta.Ključne riječi: komunikacija; prostor; stavovi roditelja; partnerstvo s vrtićem
Kineziologija i održiva budućnost
Authors: Prskalo Ivan , Badrić Marko , Tomić Draženko
Published: December 2020

On the basis of a series of definitions (Findak, 1995; Klavora, 2008; Momirović, 1969; Mraković, 1971, 1992, 1997), Kinesiology as a science "studies the effectiveness of human movements, the controlled process of exercise, its principles and its consequences on human body in the broadest sense" (Prskalo & Sporiš, 2016, p. 12), and strives to realize its futuristic role in securing the future of humankind, especially with reference to its most sensitive and vulnerable members. This role is realized through all its applied areas and branches, and especially through kinesiology education, which is the only one that, in the course of every individual’s compulsory education, includes the entire population within the compulsory school subject Physical and Health Education. Apart from the already consensually accepted values ​of physical and health education: biological, economic, health, cultural and pedagogical (Findak, 1999), the same author (2014) highlighted the importance of changing the name Physical and Health Education to Kinesiology Education, which would reflect the attitudes of the fundamental science and profession; however, this change has not happened yet. In addition to the values realized through the school subject, whose name should be Kinesiology Education because of its scientific foundations, the value of kinesiology education has been confirmed in accomplishing a series of anthropological and educational tasks, and has even become the basis of different virtues including religion (Prskalo, 2017), which may be defined as a subjective mental state, a certain lifestyle and consistency in faith (Enciklopedijski teološki rječnik, 2009). Prskalo (2018) points out that the issues of sustainable development contained in the Millennium Declaration of the United Nations with goals attainable by 2015 and the ones applicable today (Državni zavod za statistiku et al., 2006; Pavić-Rogošić, 2016), such as world without poverty and hunger, health and wellbeing, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable energy from clean sources, dignified work and economic growth, industry, innovation and infrastructure, reducing inequality, sustainable cities and communities, responsible spending and production, climate protection, preservation of life on Earth, peace, justice and strong institutions, and consolidation of global partnership for sustainable development, are not exclusively related to one ​​scientific area or discipline. On the contrary, these issues belong to the field of kinesiology and all its applied fields. Key words: kinesiology, Kinesiology Education, sustainable development, students.
Development of Social Competencies for Inclusion in Initial Education of Teachers/ Razvoj socijalnih kompetencija za inkluziju u okviru inicijalnog obrazovanja učitelja
Authors: Stamatović Jelena , Maksimović Jasna , Zlatić Lidija
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The aim of the research was to examine social competencies of teaching faculties’ students, relevant for implementation and improvement of educational inclusion. The research involved 374 students of two teaching faculties in the Republic of Serbia - 207 first year and 171 fourth year students. The applied instrument was designed for the research purposes, composed as a combination of a questionnarie and the Likert-type scale. The results showed that the examined students have positive attitudes towards situations that indicate the existence of empathy and low social distance towards people who are different; they respect diversity and have a sense of social justice; they approach problems of people with disabilities from the position of their constraints. The fourth year students showed more positive attitudes on these issues, which led us to conclude that they have greater social competencies for participation in inclusive education. The results of the research indicate the need for a continuous assessment of students’ competencies for inclusion, which would be the initial step in improvement of differentiated programs that stimulate and develop these competencies. Key words: empathy; inclusive education; initial education; soial distance; social justice  SažetakCilj istraživanja je ispitati socijalne kompetencije studenata učiteljskih fakulteta, važne za primjenu i poboljšanje obrazovne inkluzije. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 374 studenta  dvaju učiteljskih fakulteta u Republici Srbiji, 207 studenata prve i 171 studenat četvrte godine. Primijenjeni instrument je konstruisan za potrebe istraživanja i predstavlja  kombinaciju upitnika i Likertove ljestvice. Rezultati pokazuju da ispitani studenti: imaju pozitivne stavove prema situacijama koje ukazuju na postojanje empatije i nisku socijalnu udaljenosti prema osobama koje su različite; poštivaju različitost i imaju osjećaj socijalne pravde; prilaze problemu osoba sa smjetnjama iz pozicije  njihovih ograničenja. Studenti četvrte godine pokazuju više pozitivnih stavova o tim pitanjima, što nas dovodi do zaključka da imaju veće socijalne  kompetencije za sudjelovanje u inkluzivnom obrazovanju. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na potrebu stalne procjene studentskih kompetencija za inkluziju, što bi bio početni korak u poboljšanju diferenciranih programa koji stimuliraju i razvijaju te kompetencije. Ključne riječi: empatija; inkluzivno obrazovanje; inicijalno obrazovanje; socijalna distanca; socijalna pravda
Visual Motor Integration in Children Aged 6 to 10 Years / Vizualno-motorička integracija kod djece u dobi od 6 do 10 godina
Authors: Bavčević Tonči , Bavčević Damir , Bavčević Ivana
Published: December 2020

The paper presents results of research on development of visual motor integration in children aged 6 to 10 years. Micromotor efficiency of graphomotor type was assessed by the use of a test for evaluation of visual motor integration (VMI). The obtained result showed continues progression in the field of graphomotor skills in children. Statistically significant point of increase of visual motor integration has been found between students from first and second grade, in both male and female subjects. The results also showed statistically significant difference in graphomotor skills between first graders in favour of female students. The findings imply significance of developmental period between 6 and 7 years in the process of visual motor integration in the field of graphomotor skills as a integrative part of ontogenetic development.Keywords: fine motor skills, graphomotor skills, primary education, ontogenetic development U radu su prezentirani rezultati istraživanja razvoja vizualno motorike integracije kod djece u dobi od 6 do 10 godina. Mikromotorička efikasnost grafo-motoričkog tipa procjenjena je uporabom testa za procjenu vizualno-motorike integracije (VMI). Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju kontinuirani napredak u polju grafo-motoričkih vještina kod djece. Statistički značajana točka napretka u vizualno-motoričkoj integraciji pronađena je između učenika prvog i drugog razred i to kod učenika i učenica. Rezultati pokazuju statistički značajnu razliku u grafo-motoričkim vještinama između učenika prvog razreda u korist učenica. Nalazi impliciraju značajnost razvojnog perioda između 6. i 7. godine u procesu vizualno-motoričke integracije u području grafo-motoričkih sposopnosti kao integrativnog dijela ontogenetskog razvoja. Ključne riječi: fine motoričk vještine, grafomotoričke vještine, primarna edukacij, ontogenetski razvoj
The Implementation of Illustrative Techniques in Teaching Children and Young People About Emotions
Authors: Parać Zvonimir , Kružičević Katarina , Ratkajec Gašević Gabrijela , Grbić Mirela , Ključević Željko
Published: December 2020

Summary:   The comic book art technique is rarely analysed as an illustrative and projective technique within the field of mental health and prevention of behavioural problems of children and young people. That is why the aim of this study is directed towards analysing the potentials of comic book art as a projective technique. The evaluation results of the „Mostly Sunny“ project were used, and qualitative research methods were applied. The data were obtained through focus groups and thematic framework analysis was conducted. Through thematic framework analysis 21 dimensions were recognized. Adolescents are known for their difficulties in verbalizing their thoughts and emotions. Various approaches have been used in dealing with mental health problems of adolescents. A visual approach to the issue of mental health, such as the use of comic books, has shown positive results. The evaluation of young people’s answers has proven that this method was a way for them to get in touch with their own feelings and to talk about them without having to be afraid of what others might think. This may also be a good approach for young people in the future because it provides a safe environment, which is something different in the context/ field of working with a specific and vulnerable population. By analysing these dimensions, it is possible to conclude that the comic created through this project is easy to use because it is short and eventful, it allows the participants of the program to work together on their experiences which initiates developmental processes such as emotional literacy or the integration of other people's messages about themselves.   Key words:  comic book art; prevention of emotional and behavioural problems; thematic analysis.
The Backpack Weights of Primary School Students and their Backpack Use Status: Do we need to worry about it?
Authors: Sezer Tufan Asli , Ozturk Aslihan , Esenay Figen Isik
Published: December 2020

Improper backpack use can cause various health problems, such as lower back, back, and shoulder pain and postural distortion in children. These problems reduce the quality of life of children and affect their success in their educational lives. This study aimed to determine the weights of primary school students’ backpack and their backpack use status. The results of this study offer a guide for the educational practitioners oriented at gaining positive behaviors by using the right backpack. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the fall semester of 2017. The sample comprised 374 students from three different schools in Ankara-Turkey aged 6-11. Data collection was done using a personal information form and checklist for backpack use which was developed based on the related literature. The study used descriptive statistics, independent group t-test and one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) for data analysis. The mean backpack weight was 4.03 kg. The study found that 96.2% of the children wore their backpacks using both shoulder straps, 54.2% of their backpacks were not in full contact with their backs, and 42.1% of the children wore their backpacks below their back and did not use a waist belt. The study determined the mean rate of the children’s backpack weight to their body weight as 14.4%. The study found that backpack weight increases in parallel with the age and the grade of the child. The study reported that backpack weights and improper backpack use among primary school students were high and most of the children carried backpacks that were heavier than 10% of their body weight.
The Impact of Arts and Cultural Education on Pupils’ Opinions of Musical Culture – Interdisciplinary Project
Authors: Žnidaršič Jerneja
Published: December 2020

In contemporary education, the arts and cultural education provide the possibilities for the development of pupils' creativity, critical thinking and critical attitude towards art and culture. In this respect, we present an interdisciplinary project, based on the implementation of arts and cultural education objectives in didactic units of music education and history, and cooperation between music and history teachers and the composer. The experimental programme was performed in four classes of two Slovenian primary schools. The results of the research confirmed positive effects of the implementation of arts and cultural education regarding the pupils' opinions of musical culture (classical music, musicians, consumerism, musical education and classical music of the 20th century) and the overall popularity of the subjects connected. The example of the designed interdisciplinary project can serve as the guideline for systematic implementation of the arts and culture education in the learning process as well as contribution to raising awareness about the importance of collaboration between schools and artists. Keywords: arts and cultural education; collaboration with the composer; history; interdisciplinarity; music education
Efficiency of an Innovative Didactic Approach in Graphic Design Teaching
Authors: Duh Matjaž , Nemanič Martina Kač
Published: December 2020

Modern educational methods enable the development of pupils’ creative design expression, but the role and importance of the didactic approaches in secondary schools have not been thoroughly researched. The paper presents the research results regarding the influence of an innovative didactic approach from the point of view of the development of art design creativity and artistic knowledge in graphic design teaching. The differences were monitored among pupils in the 3rd year of secondary school (age 17-18) in Slovenia. We have confirmed positive effects in favour of the experimental group, as a result of a set of didactic decisions, namely the combination, diversity and dynamics of teaching methods, teaching forms and didactic communication. The positive effects of the experimental approach show that the introduction of minor methodological changes can significantly improve the development of artistic creativity and artistic knowledge. By introducing the basic ideas of the innovative didactic approach (Duh, 2004), we have confirmed the effectiveness, flexibility and subtlety of innivation at the level of secondary school. We also found that the experimental program was suitable for both girls and boys, and that it could be implemented in various social environments. Keywords: artistic creativity; high school; teaching methods; teaching forms; didactic communication.
Creating and Performing Contemporary Music as a Way of Learning
Authors: Kafol Barbara Sicherl , Denac Olga
Published: December 2020

The article analyses the results of a case study on a workshop for contemporary music which represents an excellent example of arts partnership in Slovenia. The aim of the workshop was to stimulate creative use of contemporary musical language in connection with the development of the lifelong cultural awareness and expression competence. The results of the interviews with 17 participants of the workshop pointed out the complex occurrence of various indicators, which, at the level of personal, social and intellectual competences, determined the nature of musical expression through contemporary music and indirectly influenced the development of the lifelong cultural awareness and expression competence. Through the creative process, participants expressed motivation and sensitivity for contemporary music and developed their musical abilities as well as their sense of community and self-identity. The identified challenges included students’ lack of musical experience with contemporary music, the low priority given to contemporary music in schools as well as teachers’ lack of professional knowledge in this field. Key words: contemporary musical language; educational and cultural institutions; lifelong culture awareness and expression competence; personal and social competences
Primary education students' experience of the expressiveness of authentic modes in Gregorian chant
Authors: Prša Tihomir , Blašković Jelena
Published: December 2020

Expressiveness of the church modes is reflected in their character and association of certain states with a specific mode or single Gregorian composition which possesses unique expressiveness. An important characteristic of Gregorian chant on the tonality level is diatonic singing based on scales without chromatics, using only one semitone in the tetrachord whose musical structure reflects the expressiveness of Gregorian chant. Such expressiveness achieves character specificities which each mode respectively reflects. Various modal material in the form of typical melodic shifts in a certain composition conditions the expressiveness of Gregorian music and influences the listening impression and assessment of individual Gregorian tunes. The goal of this work is to examine primary education students' experiences of the expressiveness of Gregorian modes and explore if today's auditory sense accustomed to two tonality genres, major and minor, recognises what has been stored in the heritage of Gregorian chant repertoire for centuries. The research was conducted in the school year 2018/2019 with students of first, second, third and fourth grade of primary school (N=100). The results have shown that first and second grade students express higher auditory sensibility in recognizing specific characteristic of authentic Gregorian modes. Third and fourth grade students are audibly less open and perceptive considering tonal character differences in the authentic Gregorian modes.  Key words: Gregorian chant; modality; old church scales; students in primary education
Music Technology Software in Adopting Music Teaching Contents
Authors: Jeremić Biljana S. , Pećanac Rajko , Stanković Emilija , Đurđević Tanja
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the use of music technology software in music classes among younger pupils.  The sample consists of the fourth grade primary school pupils (E-65, C-64) from Serbia.  The experiment was carried out in classes in which pupils' intellectual processes (learning, attention, and memory) were encouraged through the use of music technology software. While the E group achieved better results regarding all examined parameters, a decline was recorded in the C group regarding some parameters.  The results of this research also provide a basis for further research which would be aimed at pupils of all age groups.   Keywords: music via technology, educational software, pupils' achievement
The Role of Open-ended Tasks in the Development of Student Activities and Creative Thinking
Authors: Savic Dragana
Published: December 2020

This research deals with open-ended tasks whose importance is reflected in them enabling different approaches to reaching various possible solutions appropriate for different levels of student understanding. The basic importance of these tasks lies in the fact they can be used to learn different strategies, deepen students' mathematical knowledge and develop their creative mathematical thinking. The approach to solving open-ended tasks is a step closer to connecting students' mathematical literacy and real-life situations. This paper aims to investigate the effects of open-ended tasks in teaching mathematics on the outcome of learning mathematics and the opinion of students and teachers about it. By comparing the students’ answers, no statistically significant difference was found between the test results of the experimental group solving open-ended tasks and the control group in which students solved closed tasks. This is justified by greater experience that the students have gained in solving closed tasks. By analysing the activity in solving the tasks, a statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group was found.Keywords: class activity; communication; levels of student knowledge; open-ended and closed tasks.
Spatial Images and Changes in their Graphic Representation in Primary and Lower Secondary School Students
Authors: Šimáček Petr , Paloušková Klára , Hercik Jan
Published: December 2020

Depiction of a geographical area through drawings is an individual ability,significantly variable over time. The essential development of such ability canprimarily be observed during the period starting from what is termed youngerschool age to the period of pubescence. This study presents the results of a researchfocused on monitoring the development of the ability of students aged between6 and 15 to reproduce their mental image of a well-known geographical area inthe form of a drawing (cognitive or mental map). The research was carried outby the method of analyzing the drawings of comparative mental maps producedby primary and lower secondary school students. The data obtained from theresearch were then statistically evaluated on the basis of selected criteria in orderto find identical or different stereotypes in the drawings. Research results point tothe existence of significant differences in the ability to graphically illustrate a wellknowngeographical space, reflecting, in particular, the age (or degree of experiencegained) and, to a lesser extent, the gender. Such findings are important from thepedagogical point of view, because the creation of graphic representation of a certainarea belongs to the basic geographical competencies of students.Keywords: drawing; mental map; perception of space; primary and lower secondaryschool; spatial concept development
The Opinion of Elementary School Teachers about the Use of ICT in Biology Classes in Four European Countries
Authors: Borsos Eva , Boric Edita , Banos-González Isabel , Patocskai Mária
Published: December 2020

In the 21stcentury pupils learn how to use technological devices from their earlychildhood. Therefore, the use of Information and Communications Technology(ICT) in teaching and learning processes seems obvious. For the purpose of thisresearch, 305 class teachers from four European countries (Serbia, Spain, Croatiaand Hungary) were asked about their experiences and opinions on the use of ICTin biology classes. The aim was to determine whether they consider that this wayof teaching is effective and may motivate pupils for further learning. The resultsshowed that the teachers from all four countries agree that pupils enjoy and aremore motivated when learning with the use of the ICT, and it improves the qualityof their lessons.Keywords: biology education; information and communications technology;primary school; teachers
Grayscale Values in Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Ruiz-Imbert Ana Cecilia , Cascante-Sequeira Deivi
Published: December 2020

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a 3D imaging technique widely used in maxillofacial diagnosis. The grayscale value (GSV) is a number that represents the amount of attenuation of the X-ray beam by the material contained in each voxel or structural unit of the tomographic volume. Similarly, in computed tomography (CT) used in medical radiology, the attenuation values are standardized in the Hounsfield Unit (HU) scale. Although GSV may have interesting potential applications in maxillofacial diagnosis, it is essential to know that HU differ from GSV. The latter are susceptible to multiple technical factors during the tomographic acquisition, so their value can vary among different CBCT scanners or when technical parameters are modified. Hence, GSV should not be extrapolated between different CBCT machines, and their use should be cautious while more investigation is available considering various equipment and acquisition protocols.
Gestational process and labour activity in women with different types of autonomic regulation
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Kaminskyy V.V. ,   Kyiv city center of reproductive and perinatal medicine, Tkachuk R.R. ,   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv,   Kyiv city center of reproductive and perinatal medicine
Published: December 2020

The objective: is to analyze the frequency of gestational complications and labor abnormalities in pregnant women with different types of autonomic regulation disorders. Materials and methods. 129 women were examined. The type of autonomic regulation was determined by recording the time and spectral parameters of heart rate variability by computer cardiointervalography with use of CardioLab Bebicard diagnostic system. The main group consisted of 66 pregnant women with established autonomic regulation disorders. 63 patients with a normal autonomic state, a balanced level of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity formed a control group. To assess the status of the mother-placenta-fetus, an ultrasound examination with doplerometry was performed. Results. A significant increase of the central regulatory activity in pregnant women with autonomic dysfunction was established. The cardiointervalography indicate a balanced activity of the autonomic nervous system in the control group. The gestational complications were significantly more frequent in women of the main group in the context of detected autonomic dysfunction than in the control group. Labor anomalies were more common in pregnant women of the main group. Women with high parasympathetic astivity noted an increased frequency of labor dystocia. In patients with a superiority of sympathetic and humoral regulation, an increased frequency of labour activity weakness was observed. The fast deliveries often determined in pregnant women with decreased activity of both departments of autonomic nervous system. The incidence of urgent caesarian deliveries was significantly higher in the main group, including due to the ineffectiveness of the medical correction of labor abnormalities. Conclusions. The cardiointervalography is informative for the diagnosis of autonomous regulation and adaptive disorders, which may be the prerequisites for the gestational complications and labor abnormalities development. Using the heart rate variability analys is in pregnant women will improve the early prediction of gestational pathology and pathological birth process, reduce the risk of obstetric and perinatal complications. Key words: heart rate variability, autonomic regulation, gestational complications, labor activity abnormalities.