bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Peer-Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) to Teach Writing at Students of Class Eight of SMP Negeri Sempol Bondowoso
Authors: Prystiananta Nostalgianti Citra
Published: July 2018

The study aims at finding out whether or not it is effective to use PASS write model to teach writing at students of class eight of SMP Negeri Sempolin Academic Year 2016/2017.  The population of students of class eight of SMP Negeri Sempol with the sample class VIIIB consist 27 students.  The research was a preexperimental research by applying one group of pretest and posttest design. In collecting the data, the writer used the written test that was administered in pretest and posttest. The data analysis was conducted through calculating the individual score, convert students score with schools passing grade, and calculating ttest. The results show that in the pretest, the students mean was 69.29. On the other hand, in the posttest their scores increased to 75.67. The result of paired ttest calculation presented the ttest score was 7.25 and the significance level was 0.05 with the df 26 (27 to 1) (1.703). It means that ttest score was higher than its tscore. Finally, it can be concluded that it was effective to teach writing skill through Peer Assisted Study Sessions to students of class eight of SMP Negeri Sempol Bondowosoin Academic Year 2016/2017.

Keywords: teaching writing,peer assisted study session, PASSwrite
Correlation between Trunk-Pelvis Inter-Segmental Coordination Parameters during Walking and Disability Level in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients
Authors: Ebrahimi S , Kamali F , Razeghi M , Haghpanah S A
Published: July 2018

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) disability has been particularly frustrating because its treatment has been a great therapeutic challenge. Disability has been suggested to depend on different factors that should be found and considered in the medical management. The inter-segmental coordination is often impaired in CLBP subjects; however, to the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence about the relationship between the existence of coordination problems and disability in CLBP patients.Objective: To evaluate the correlation between sagittal plane trunk-pelvis inter-segmental coordination parameters during walking and disability level in CLBP patients.Methods: Kinematic data were collected from 16 non-specific CLBP (18-40 years) volunteers during walking. Sagittal plane time-normalized segmental angles and velocities were used to calculate continuous relative phase for each data point. Coordination parameters, mean absolute relative phase (MARP) and deviation phase (DP) were derived to quantify the trunk-pelvis coordination pattern and variability during gait cycles, respectively. The disability level was quantified through Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the probable correlation between coordination parameters and disability level.Results: The analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between sagittal plane MARP or DP and disability level (%ODI) in CLBP subjects during walking (r= -0.806 P<0.001 and r= -0.856, P<0.001, respectively).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the lower the MARP (more in-phase pattern) and DP (less variable pattern) in the CLBP subjects, the more disability existing in such patients. The results suggest that clinicians should look beyond pain management when prescribing rehabilitation for CLBP and consider interventions that target segmental coordination improvement to manage CLBP induced disability.
Resonance Contributions to $\eta$ Photoproduction on the Nucleon in the Isobaric Model
Authors: Burhendi Feli Cianda Adrin
Published: July 2018

The contributions of the resonances $S_{11}(1535)$, $S_{11}(1650)$, and $P_{11}(1710)$ to gamma nucleon $\rightarrow$ eta nucleon are found. In order to estimate model dependence of the obtained resonance characteristics, an isobaric models used for analysis. For the resonances considered, our analysis yields mass values compatible with those advocated by the Particle Data Group. We emphasise, however, that cross-section data alone are unable to pin down the resonance parameters and it is shown that the beam and or target asymmetries impose more stringent constraints on these parameter values. The amplitude transitions of Feynman diagrams at the center of mass frame used to find amplitude squares involving the s-channel, u-channel, and t-channel on Born term and resonance. The value of the differential cross section on the energy system used by 1.685 MeV up to 2.795 MeV.
Simulating the Aerodynamics Profiles of NACA 4312 Airfoil in Various Incoming Airspeed and Gurney Flap Angle
Authors: Sumaryada Tony , Jaya Achmad Muharam , Kartono Agus
Published: July 2018

Simulations of the aerodynamics performance of NACA 4312 airfoil at various gurney flap angles and incoming airspeed (wind velocities) have been conducted. The gurney flap's size was set at 5.0% length of the chord line. Two airfoil models with gurney flap at 45° and 90° were simulated and compared with the results of plain airfoil (without gurney flap) model with the incoming airspeed of 10.0 m/s, 70.0 m/s and 200.0 m/s. The results have shown that increasing the value of gurney flap angle to 45° and 90° will increase the lifting force of the airfoil and decrease the drag force.
Tenosinovitis por Pseudomonas Aeruginosa del extensor común de los dedos tras tatuaje
Authors: Pérez Ortiz N , Zlatkes JS , Sánchez M , Buendía D , Guillén Astete CA , Dronda F
Published: July 2018

A case is presented of an infectious tenosynovitis of extensor digitorun tendon in a young women who arrived in the Emergency unit due to tender, pain and sweeling after getting a tattoo on her left foot two months before.
A Study on Progress of Students in Nizwa College of Technology with Special Emphasis on Stress Related Issues
Authors: Rao V. Vishnukanth , Fatima Iram , Hassan Farha
Published: July 2018

In today’s competitive world, challenges faced by students from different sources contribute to stress and effects the consistency in their performance. So the researcher felt a need to study the reasons behind their underperformance. An exploratory study, conducted to know the latent intentions of the respondents towards learning process in Nizwa College of Technology, across three departments— Engineering, Business studies and Information Technology. Out of total population of students studying in three departments of Nizwa College of Technology, a sample of 102 students were taken for research which comprised a mix of Male and Female Students. The sampling method adopted for the study is convenient sampling method, wherein the students were contacted on a random basis by administering a structured online questionnaire using google forms. Data is collected from primary and secondary sources. The supportive literature review and the conceptual framework were taken from secondary sources. Data was analyzed with the help of T-test and Factor analysis. It is found that most of the students get worried and tired when they are in stress. To reduce the stress levels almost 33% of students believe that talking to their friends and taking rest reduces stress. It revealed that various factors that contribute to stress are economic, personal, college resources, learning methods, outcomes, teaching methods, recreational activities and infrastructural facilities. Hence, it is concluded that apart from academic issues there are many other things which are contributing towards stress among students. Many students are either worried or tired because of the pressure they face in their day to day activities. Stress related issues cannot be ignored in an academic environment, as this may lead to a negative impact on a student’s life.
Global Crisis, Innovation and Change Management: Towards a New Systemic Perception of the Current Globalization Restructuring
Authors: Vlados Charis , Deniozos Nikolaos , Chatzinikolaou Demosthenes
Published: July 2018

The “crisis of capitalism” is not, of course, an unprecedented discourse in the evolution of economics and the investigation of economic realities. In Neo-Schumpeterian economics crises constitute necessary evolutionary steps, intrinsically linked with breaking ‘moments’ and change. However, what makes the current crisis clearly different, and to a large extent subversive, is its ever increasing complexity and evolutionary-dialectic substance. The mixing of cooperation and competition, on an organizational and macro-economic level, reproduces on a global scale the need for a reconsideration of basic economic mechanisms. It tends to undermine and rapidly destroy the mechanistic relations and structures of all kinds and dimensions that have managed to provide profitability and effectiveness over the recent years. In this context, the search for strategic innovation, constant organizational renewal and the diffusion of production oriented at high technological expertise, seem to progressively become the critical synthetic components for building a new development model at all levels and for all agents of action.This paper focuses on the introduction of a three tier question which could be put forward as follows. First we ask what is the current global restructuring crisis and what would be a new growth model that would lead us to the exit of it on a global scale. Second we address the issue of what kind of innovation mechanisms does such a new model of interspatial restructuring and development require. Finally we analyse why is this new innovative direction—both in global terms and in individual socioeconomic systems—a prerequisite for building new types of effective change management mechanisms.The starting point of our approach is the position that any fragmented approach in the individual aspects of the triangle of global crisis, innovation, and change management, is now analytically misguided and practically powerless. Only an effort to systemically understand the phenomenon, in its constant and dialectic structure, is now an adequate condition for outlining the future developmental path of globalization at all levels of action.
Multiple-Draft/Multiple-Party Feedback Practices in an EFL Tertiary Writing Course: Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Nguyen Ha , Filipi Anna
Published: July 2018

Based on various sources of data collection for a qualitative research project, the study reported in this paper set out to examine four teachers’ and sixteen students’ perceptions of a multiple-draft/multiple-party feedback approach to English as a Foreign Language (EFL) student writing. This approach had been implemented as a trial in a tertiary setting in Vietnam. Three sources of feedback at three phases were provided. These included (1) peer/group written and oral feedback on the students’ first drafts, (2) a teaching assistant’s written and oral feedback on their second drafts and (3) the lecturer’s written feedback on their final drafts. Content analysis of the data revealed that all participants valued this multiple feedback approach because of its practicality and the quality of the feedback which participants believed contributed to writing improvement. Based on the participants’ reactions, the study highlights the potential of multiple-draft/multiple-party feedback practices for improving English language writing in a tertiary context.
The Use of Battery Bank for Rationalization of Electricity in Broiler Poultry Farms
Authors: Moreno Ana C. S. , Nogueira Carlos E. C. , Siqueira Jair A. C.
Published: July 2018

Electricity is one of the main inputs used in poultry production. An aviary needs electricity to feed the various motors and electrical devices that compose the lighting systems, exhaustion, heating, food, among others. Aiming to give incentives to producers of broiler chickens, specifically in the state of Paraná, Brazil, in 2007, the Night Poultry Program was implemented, in which the government grants discounts in electricity tariff for poultry farmers at night. In this work it was proposed two energy storage systems through the use of lead-acid batteries and batteries of nickel chloride and sodium to feed the of charge of four brazillian aviaries over one year of poultry housing. For this purpose, it was evalueted the use of a bank of batteries in higher tariff, period comprising the time of 9:30 pm to 6 am of the next day, and charging the battery bank in reduced tariff period. The experiment was conducted using the electricity meters installed in the aviaries, weekly data of each aviary were collected and the active energy values, obtaining the data for six lots corresponding to a year of poultry accommodation. From the total consumption of active energy, it was calculated the average daily electricity consumption (kWh) for the set of aviaries. This value was used as input for the sizing of the battery banks. The two proposed storage systems demonstrate an alternative to energy supply for the rural areas, however the economical analysys indicates inviability, since the initial investment of the banks of batteries is high compared with the costs avoided with electricity by using these systems.
A New Approach to Statistical Process Control: Identification of Outliers in Yield Maps
Authors: Oliveira Danilo Tedesco de , Bernache Leonardo , Oliveira Luan Pereira de , Voltarelli Murilo Aparecido , Silva Rouverson Pereira da
Published: July 2018

The tools of precision agriculture are of utmost importance in the Brazilian agribusiness, enabling increases in yields and reducing production costs. The use of harvest monitoring systems makes it possible due the possibility to identify pontual problems in an area, however, it becomes necessary to be working properly so it does not acquire incorrect information. Therefore, the purpose with this study was to propose a new approach to identify discrepant points in harvesting maps using statistical process control, as well as to define the best multiple of the standard deviation to identificate these points. The work was conducted during the soybean harvesting at São Geronimo farm in an area of 38 hectares in the municipality of Candido Mota, located in the the state of São Paulo. For gathering information, it was used a Stara crop monitoring system (model Topper Maps) set to record information during harvest in each three second. The productivity data were used to generate an individual control chart to identify points that were out of control so they could be removed. Two standard deviation multiples, that presented an average productivity closer to the average real productivity of the area, were selected. The multiples of the deviations that came closest were the 2σ and 3σ. Two multiples of standard deviation presented an average yield closer to the average real yield of the area. Individual control charts can be used to set control limits and identify possible discrepancies. The multiple of standard deviation 3σ presented information with greater reliability.
Evaluation of a Photovoltaic Energy System Applied to a Drip Irrigation System
Authors: Haupenthal Soni Willian , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Tokura Luciene Kazue , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Camargo , Vilas-Boas Marcio Antonio , Nascimento Lai Fernanda Juchem do , Rocha Everton Ortiz
Published: July 2018

This work aimed to evaluate the performance of a drip irrigation system with photovoltaic energy directly connected to the water pumping system through the irrigation uniformity coefficients using the statistical quality control, with the control chart of Shewhart. The experiment was conducted at the State University of West Parana (UNIOESTE), campus of Cascavel, in the Project CASA (Center of Alternative Energy System Analysis), during six days of open sky. The irrigation system contained four lines with 18 drippers each, collecting the flow of each dripper for five minutes, along with the parameters of temperature and solar radiation. In the energy part, the current and the voltage generated by the panel were analyzed. The main results allowed to evaluate that the flows of the drippers showed changes directly proportional to the decrease or increase of the radiation. Even with the changes in radiation levels during the collection period, the system obtained excellent process capability according to the analyzes of the distribution uniformities. It was also concluded that there was a significant relationship between the coefficients (CUC, DUC and CV) with the process capacity of the flow data. The control plot was adequate to diagnose the treatments. Statistical control proved to be effective for the determination of process variability, thus recommending the use of a drip irrigation system with a solar photovoltaic system directly connected to the pump on open sky days with few clouds due to the lower variability in relation to the graph of control and greater uniformity of water distribution.
The influence of socio-economic status on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Kikemeni Anastasia , Skourti Alexandra , Amfilochiou Anastasia
Published: July 2018

Objective

There is limited evidence about the effect of socio-economic status (SES) on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aimed to investigate this relationship in a referral population in Greece, with regards to other established risk factors. Methods: We used a retrospective cross-sectional design to assess socio-economic status based on occupational activity in a sample of 282 OSA patients diagnosed in a public hospital sleep laboratory during one-year period. Demographic, anthropometric and social characteristics, as well as the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) scores and apnea-hypopnea indexes (AHI) of subjects in each socio-economic class were recorded and statistically significant differences were explored in univariate and multiple regression analysis. Results: 99 (35.1%) of the subjects were categorized in the upper, 70 (24.8%) in the intermediate and 113 (40.1%) in the working class. Subjects of the intermediate class had significantly larger neck circumference than those of the upper class (p=0.022). Neither class differed significantly in terms of ESS score and intermediate class had a trend for higher AHI than upper class (p=0.075 in univariate and p=0.082 in multivariate analysis). Age (p=0.020) and occasional alcohol consumption (p=0.022) were independent negative and neck circumference (p<0.001) positive correlates of the variance in ESS score, while body mass index (p=0.004), neck circumference (p<0.001), being married (p=0.014) and current smoker (p=0.025) were independent positive correlates of the variance in AHI. Discussion: SES has a minor effect on OSA severity that is only partially accounted for by other known risk factors. Neck circumference was found to be the most useful predictor of both subjective daytime sleepiness and severity of respiratory events during sleep.
Repertorio bibliográfico sobre el Defensor del Pueblo
Authors: González-Aurioles Jorge Alguacil , Reviriego Picón Fernando
Published: July 2018

El presente repertorio bibliográfico recoge los diversos estudios, ya sean monografías, artículos en revistas especializadas o capítulos de libros, que han abordado desde las más diversas perspectivas la figura del Defensor del Pueblo y las diferentes actividades que le encomienda nuestra Carta Magna. Para facilitar el manejo del repertorio los diferentes estudios se encuadran, según sea su temática principal, en alguno de los ocho apartados en los que se divide. En el último apartado se recogen los diversos documentos e informes realizados por el defensor del Pueblo y sus homólogos comisionados autonómicos.
Actualidad política y constitucional francesa (2010-2011)
Authors: Sánchez Navarro Ángel J. , Ruíz Ruíz Juan José
Published: July 2018

After the constitutional reform adopted in 2008, aimed at renewing the French institutional framework, new laws have been required to put in practice the new provisions. In that context, these pages try to describe and analyze the main constitutional and legal developments which have taken place during the last year (summer 2010-summer 2011), underlining some of them whose institutional impact seems to be especially important, such as the new procedure for claiming at any moment that a statutory provision infringes the constitutional rights and freedoms (Question prioritaire de constitutionnalité, QPC).La puesta en marcha de las nuevas medidas introducidas por la reforma constitucional adoptada en 2008, dirigida a la modernización de las instituciones de la Quinta República, ha requerido la aprobación de nuevas leyes. En ese contexto, estas páginas tratan de describir y analizar las principales novedades constitucionales y legales producidas durante el último año (verano de 2009-verano de 2010), subrayando aquéllos cuya repercusión institucional parece especialmente destacable, como es el caso de la nueva «Cuestión prioritaria de constitucionalidad» (QPC).
RESEÑA de : García Roca, Javier. El margen de apreciación nacional en la interpretacióndel Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos : soberanía e integración. Cizur Menor: Cuadernos Civitas/Instituto de Derecho Parlamentario, 2010
Authors: Gutiérrez Gutiérrez Ignacio
Published: July 2018

The book analyzes the «margin of appreciation doctrine» in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights from the viewpoint of the formation of a European common law of fundamental rights oriented towards the integration of Europe.El libro analiza «el margen de apreciación nacional», un argumento recurrente en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos, desde la prespectiva de la formación de un Derecho común europeo de los derechos orientado a la integración de Europa.
La composición de la justicia constitucional en perspectiva comparada : (en especial, con relación a Estados Unidos) = Constitutional Court composition in comparative perspective (specially compared to United States)
Authors: Simón Yarza Fernando
Published: July 2018

La crisis institucional provocada por el retraso de los nuevos nombramientos para el Tribunal Constitucional ha suscitado una reflexión generalizada acerca de las reglas sobre su composición y renovación. Su funcionamiento normal, su independencia, su legitimación democrática y su auctoritas son cruciales para cumplir la misión constitucional que tiene encomendada. A su vez, la realización de estos principios depende en gran medida de las reglas que gobiernan su composición, v.gr. los órganos y mayorías que intervienen en la selección de los magistrados, el término de sus mandatos y las cualidades que han de poseer. Este artículo pretende hacer una contribución ponderada a la discusión sobre estas cuestiones a la luz de la experiencia norteamericana. El autor se aproxima a estos problemas examinando críticamente el sistema norteamericano a la luz de la experiencia histórica, en aras de evitar tanto el temor excesivo como la aceptación acrítica de modelos extranjeros.The institutional crisis provoked by the delay of the new appointments to the Constitutional Court has prompted general reflection about the rules governing its composition and new appointments. Its regular working, its independence, its democratic legitimacy and its own auctoritas are crucial to fulfilling the constitutional mission with which it is entrusted. The fulfilment of these principles also depends in great measure upon the rules governing its composition, e.g. the powers and majorities that take part in the election of Justices, the term limits of their tenure, and the qualifications they should posess. The present article attempts to make a balanced contribution to the conversation about these questions, in the light of American experience. The author approaches these problems by critically examining the American system in the light of historical experience, in order to avoid either an excessive fear or a naïve acceptance of foreign patterns.
Liberalismo e Historia en el Derecho Político : semblanza de Manuel Colmeiro y Penido = Liberalism and History in Constitutional Law. Biographical sketch of Manuel Colmeiro y Penido (1818-1894)
Authors: Martín Sebastian
Published: July 2018

Biografía profesional de Manuel Colmeiro y estudio de sus ideas sobre el gobierno legítimo, el poder público, la historia de España y la administración. Professional biography of Manuel Colmeiro and a study of his ideas about legitimate government, political power, history of Spain and administration.
Clustering of end‐organ disease and earlier mortality in adults with sickle cell disease: A retrospective‐prospective cohort study
Authors: Chaturvedi Shruti , Ghafuri Djamila Labib , Jordan Natalie , Kassim Adetola , Rodeghier Mark , DeBaun Michael R.
Published: July 2018

Chronic end‐organ complications result in morbidity and mortality in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). In a retrospective‐prospective cohort of 150 adults with SCD who received standard care screening for pulmonary function abnormalities, cardiac disease, and renal assessment from January 2003 to 2016, we tested the hypothesis that clustering of end‐organ disease is common and multiple organ impairment predicts mortality. Any end‐organ disease occurred in 59.3% of individuals, and 24.0% developed multiple organ (>1) end‐organ disease. The number of end‐organs affected was associated with mortality (P ≤ .001); 8.2% (5 of 61) of individuals with no affected end‐organ, 9.4% (5 of 53) of those with 1 affected organ, 20.7% (6 of 29) of those with 2 affected end‐organs, and 85.7% (6 of 7) with 3 affected end‐organs died over a median follow up period of 8.7 (interquartile range 3.5‐11.4) years. Of the 22 individuals who died, 77.3% had evidence of any SCD‐related end‐organ impairment, and this was the primary or secondary cause of death in 45.0%. SCD‐related chronic impairment in multiple organs, and its association with mortality, highlights the need to understand the common mechanisms underlying chronic end‐organ damage in SCD, and the urgent need to develop interventions to prevent irreversible end‐organ complications in SCD.
Measurable residual disease, conditioning regimen intensity, and age predict outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first remission: A registry analysis of 2292 patients by the Acute Leukemia Working Party European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Gilleece Maria H. , Labopin Myriam , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Volin Liisa , Socié Gerard , Ljungman Per , Huynh Anne , Deconinck Eric , Wu Depei , Bourhis Jean Henri , Cahn Jean Yves , Polge Emmanuelle , Mohty Mohamad , Savani Bipin N. , Nagler Arnon
Published: July 2018

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in morphological first complete remission (CR1) pre‐allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) may have measurable residual disease (MRD) by molecular and immunophenotyping criteria. We assessed interactions of MRD status with HCT conditioning regimen intensity in patients aged <50 years (y) or ≥50y. This was a retrospective study by the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry. Patients were >18y with AML CR1 MRD NEG/POS and recipients of HCT in 2000‐2015. Conditioning regimens were myeloablative (MAC), reduced intensity (RIC) or non‐myeloablative (NMA). Outcomes included leukemia free survival (LFS), overall survival (OS), relapse incidence (RI), non‐relapse mortality (NRM), chronic graft‐vs‐host (cGVHD), and GVHD‐free and relapse‐free survival (GRFS). The 2292 eligible patients were categorized into four paired groups: <50y MRD POS MAC (N = 240) vs RIC/NMA (N = 58); <50y MRD NEG MAC (N = 665) vs RIC/NMA (N = 195); ≥50y MRD POS MAC (N = 126) vs RIC/NMA (N = 230), and ≥50y MRD NEG MAC (N = 223) vs RIC/NMA (N = 555). In multivariate analysis RIC/NMA was only inferior to MAC for patients in the <50y MRD POS group, with worse RI (HR 1.71) and LFS (HR 1.554). Patients <50Y MRD NEG had less cGVHD after RIC/NMA HCT (HR 0.714). GRFS was not significantly affected by conditioning intensity in any group. Patients aged <50y with AML CR1 MRD POS status should preferentially be offered MAC allo‐HCT. Prospective studies are needed to address whether patients with AML CR1 MRD NEG may be spared the toxicity of MAC regimens. New approaches are needed for ≥50y AML CR1 MRD POS.
The Structure of the Cobalt Oxide/Au Catalyst Interface in Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Fester Jakob , Makoveev Anton , Grumelli Doris , Gutzler Rico , Sun Zhaozong , Rodríguez‐Fernández Jonathan , Kern Klaus , Lauritsen Jeppe V.
Published: July 2018

The catalytic synergy between cobalt oxide and gold leads to strong promotion of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER)—one half‐reaction of electrochemical water splitting. However, the mechanism behind the enhancement effect is still not understood, in part due to a missing structural model of the active interface. Using a novel interplay of cyclic voltammetry (CV) for electrochemistry integrated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on an atomically defined cobalt oxide/Au(111) system, we reveal here that the supporting gold substrate uniquely favors a flexible cobalt‐oxyhydroxide/Au interface in the electrochemically active potential window and thus suppresses the formation of less active bulk cobalt oxide morphologies. The findings substantiate why optimum catalytic synergy is obtained for oxide coverages on gold close to or below one monolayer, and provide the first morphological description of the active phase during electrocatalysis.
Der Mackay‐Cluster [Cu43Al12](Cp*)12: Ein offenschaliges 67‐Elektronen‐Superatom mit metallähnlicher elektronischer Struktur
Authors: Weßing Jana , Ganesamoorthy Chelladurai , Kahlal Samia , Marchal Rémi , Gemel Christian , Cador Olivier , Da Silva Augusto C. H. , Da Silva Juarez L. F. , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Fischer Roland A.
Published: July 2018

Der paramagnetische Cluster [Cu43Al12](Cp*)12 entsteht bei der Reaktion von [CuMes]5 mit [AlCp*]4 (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5; Mes=Mesityl). Dieser ausschließlich durch Kohlenwasserstoff‐Liganden stabilisierte “magische” Cluster mit 55 Atomen im Clusterkern weist eine ummantelte Ikosaeder‐Struktur des Mackay‐Typs auf. Die Superatomkonfiguration von 67 Elektronen und offener Valenzschale ist einzigartig, wobei drei ungepaarte Elektronen schwach antibindende Jellium‐Zustände besetzen. Diese Situation deutet auf die Bildung eines Leitungsbands hin, was durch die Temperaturunabhängigkeit des Magnetismus bestätigt wird. Die sterische Abschirmung durch 12 Cp*‐Liganden unterdrückt die intrinsische polyradikalische Reaktivität des Cu43Al12‐Kerns.
Application of microRNA Targeted 3′UTRs to Repress DHFR Selection Marker Expression for Development of Recombinant Antibody Expressing CHO Cell Pools
Authors: Jossé Lyne , Zhang Lin , Smales Christopher Mark
Published: July 2018

The dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) system is used for the selection of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines using the inhibitor methotrexate (MTX). During clonal selection, endogenous DHFR expression, and resistance to MTX allows the selection of cells expressing sufficient DHFR to survive. Here, the authors describe a novel vector platform for the DHFR system, whereby addition of a synthetic 3′UTR destabilizes DHFR expression. miRs ability to negatively regulate gene expression by their near‐complementary binding to the 3′UTR region of transcripts are harnessed. From the literature, the authors identified let‐7f as a highly abundant, invariant miR in CHO cells. Three 3′UTR targets of the let‐7f miR are then cloned in the DHFR host 3′UTR to determine the impact on gene expression (HMGA2 3′UTR sequence 1, 2, and 3). Using luciferase as a reporter, the authors show down‐regulation of luciferase activity is mediated by the nature of the 3′UTR and its ability to bind let‐7f. The same 3′UTRs downstream of the DHFR gene to show this also results in reduced transcript amounts are then applied. Finally, the authors applied this methodology to generate stable DG44‐derived cell pools expressing a model monoclonal antibody (mAb), demonstrating this approach can be used for the selection of antibody‐producing cells with low MTX concentrations.
Techniques for chromosomal integration and expression optimization in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ou Bingming , Garcia Carolina , Wang Yejun , Zhang Weiping , Zhu Guoqiang
Published: July 2018

Due to the inherent expression stability and low metabolic burden to the host cell, the expression of heterologous proteins in the bacterial chromosome in a precise and efficient manner is highly desirable for metabolic engineering and live bacterial applications. However, obtaining suitable chromosome expression levels is particularly challenging. In this minireview, we briefly present the technologies available for the integration of heterologous genes into Escherichia coli chromosomes and strategies to optimize the expression levels of heterologous proteins.
Dynamic microRNA activity identifies therapeutic targets in trastuzumab‐resistant HER2+breast cancer
Authors: Decker Joseph T. , Hall Matthew S. , Blaisdell Rachel B. , Schwark Kallen , Jeruss Jacqueline S. , Shea Lonnie D.
Published: July 2018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in numerous physiologic and pathologic processes, such as the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Determining the role of miRNAs in these processes is often accomplished through measuring miRNA abundance by polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, or microarrays. We have developed a system for the large‐scale monitoring of dynamic miRNA activity and have applied this system to identify the contribution miRNA activity to the development of trastuzumab resistance in a cell model of HER2+breast cancer. MiRNA activity measurements identified significantly different activity levels between BT474 cells (HER2+breast cancer) and BT474R cells (HER2+breast cancer cells selected for resistance to trastuzumab). We created a library of 32 miRNA reporter constructs, which were delivered by lentiviral transduction into cells, and miRNA activity was quantified by bioluminescence imaging. Upon treatment with the bioimmune therapy, trastuzumab, the activity of 11 miRNAs were significantly altered in parental BT474 cells, and 20 miRNAs had significantly altered activity in the therapy‐resistant BT474R cell line. A combination of statistical, network and classification analysis was applied to the dynamic data, which identified miR‐21 as a controlling factor in trastuzumab response. Our data suggested downregulation of miR‐21 activity was associated with resistance, which was confirmed in an additional HER2+breast cancer cell line, SKBR3. Collectively, the dynamic miRNA activity measurements and analysis provided a system to identify new potential therapeutic targets in treatment‐resistant cancers.
Dearomatization of the PCP Pincer Ligand in a ReV Oxo Complex
Authors: Kosanovich Alex J. , Komatsu Christopher H. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Pérez Lisa M. , Ozerov Oleg V.
Published: July 2018

A high‐valent, rhenium(V) oxo complex (PCP)ReOCl2 (1; PCP=bis(2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphosphinomethyl)phenyl) undergoes a deprotonation and “dearomatization” upon treatment with LiN(SiMe3)2 to give (P*CP)ReOCl (2 a), in which Re is bound to a new dianionic P*CP ligand. Compound 2 a was studied spectroscopically, structurally, and computationally and was determined to have non‐negligible Re=C multiple bond character, leading to its formulation as a new pseudo‐carbenoid species. Reaction of 2 a or its iodo analogue (P*CP)ReOI (2 b) with CO2 provided access to (PCP)ReOX(CO2) (X=Cl or I, 3 a/b), the product of 1,3‐cycloaddition and C−C bond formation.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diaryl Sulfides by Electrophilic Thiolation of Non‐functionalized (Hetero)arenes
Authors: Böhm Marvin J. , Golz Christopher , Rüter Isabelle , Alcarazo Manuel
Published: July 2018

This article reports the efficient preparation of a series of unsymmetrically substituted thioethers through a two‐step procedure consisting of an initial metal‐free C−H sulfenylation of electron‐rich (hetero)arenes with newly prepared succinylthioimidazolium salts. Subsequent reaction of the arylthioimidazolium intermediates with Grignard reagents afford the desired thioethers. The synthetic protocol described is modular, scalable, and high yielding, and provides access to sulfides that are not easy to obtain through the existing methodologies. Importantly, no prefunctionalization of the initial (hetero)arene is required.
Cholesterol: A Key in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Banerjee Samya , Mukherjee Sanjoy
Published: July 2018

Herein we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the role of cholesterol in Alzheimer′s disease (AD). It has been proposed that cholesterol could enhance the risk of AD, and the interaction between cholesterol and amyloid‐β peptide 42 (Aβ42) has been studied extensively, yet until recently, the specific interaction mechanisms between them and how this affects Aβ42 aggregation had not yet been fully explored and had remained ambiguous. Vendruscolo and co‐workers addressed these issues in their recent article entitled “Cholesterol catalyses Aβ42 aggregation through a heterogeneous nucleation pathway in the presence of lipid membranes” (Habchi et al., Nat. Chem. 2018, 10, 673). In this article, the authors revealed the mechanism behind cholesterol‐catalyzed Aβ42 aggregation, providing the potential to address the molecular origins of AD, thereby opening a new avenue for effective AD therapy.
CoO/Co‐Activated Porous Carbon Cloth Cathode for High Performance Li–S Batteries
Authors: Ren Wenchen , Ma Wei , Umair Malik Muhammad , Zhang Shufen , Tang Bingtao
Published: July 2018

Li–S batteries are one of the most promising candidates for the next generation of batteries because of their high theoretical specific capacity of 1675 mA h g−1. However, the dissolution of polysulfide causes severe capacity fading during cycling. Herein, a 3 D CoO/Co‐activated free‐standing porous carbon fiber cloth (CoO/Co@PCF) is designed to suppress polysulfide diffusion from the cathode. The metallic Co and polar CoO can anchor polysulfide through Co−S ionic bonding and the pores of the carbon cloth can provide abundant active sites for electrochemical reactions. Specifically, sulfur in the cathode is loaded by sulfur vapor deposition, which is scalable for fabrication and adjustable to the sulfur‐loading amount. The CoO/Co@PCF cathode with sulfur loading of 3 mg cm−2 displays high discharge capacities of 1214.2 and 684.3 mA h g−1 at 0.1 and 2 C, respectively. When the sulfur loading is increased to 5.4 mg cm−2, low capacity fading of 0.075 % per cycle over 100 cycles at 0.5 C is still observed.
Facilely Synthesized spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐phenanthren‐10′‐one] in Donor–Acceptor–Donor Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Yih‐Chun , Huang Shao‐Ku , Li Shao‐Sian , Tsai Yao‐Yu , Chen Chih‐Ping , Chen Chun‐Wei , Chang Yuan Jay
Published: July 2018

We have demonstrated two novel donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) hole‐transport material (HTM) with spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐phenanthren‐10′‐one] as the core structure, which can be synthesized through a low‐cost process in high yield. Compared to the incorporation of the conventional HTM of commonly used 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD), the synthesis process is greatly simplified for the presented D–A–D materials, including a minimum number of purification processes. This results in an increased production yield (>55 %) and suppressed production cost (<30 $ g−1), in addition to high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The PCE of a PSC using our D–A–D HTM reaches 16.06 %, similar to that of Spiro‐OMeTAD (16.08 %), which is attributed to comparable hole mobility and charge‐transfer efficiency. D–A–D HTMs also provide better moisture resistivity to prolong the lifetime of PSCs under ambient conditions relative to their Spiro‐OMeTAD counterparts. The proposed new type of D–A–D HTM has shown promising performance as an alternative HTM for PSCs and can be synthesized with high production throughput.
Synthesis and Avidin Binding of Ruthenium Complexes Functionalized with a Light‐Cleavable Free Biotin Moiety
Authors: Siewert Bianka , Langerman Michiel , Pannwitz Andrea , Bonnet Sylvestre
Published: July 2018

In this work the synthesis, photochemistry, and streptavidin interaction of new [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(SRR′)](PF6)2 complexes where the R′ group contains a free biotin ligand, are described. Two different ligands SRR′ were investigated: An asymmetric ligand 1 where the Ru‐bound thioether is a N‐acetylmethionine moiety linked to the free biotin fragment via a triethylene glycol spacer and a symmetrical ligand 2 containing two identical biotin moieties. The coordination of these two ligands to the precursor [Ru(tpy)(bpy)Cl]Cl was studied in water at 80 °C. In such conditions the coordination of the asymmetric ligand 1 occurred under thermodynamic control. After the reaction, a mononuclear and a binuclear complex were isolated. In the mononuclear complex, the ratio of methionine‐ {[6](PF6)2} vs. biotin‐bound {[7](PF6)2} regioisomer was 5.3 and the free biotin fragment of [6](PF6)2 allowed to purify it from its isomer [7](PF6)2 at small scales using avidin affinity chromatography. Coordination of the symmetrical ligand 2 afforded [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(2)](PF6)2 {[8](PF6)2} in synthetically useful scales (100 mg), good yield (82 %), and without traces of the binuclear impurity. In this complex, one of the biotin remains free whereas the second one is coordinated to ruthenium. Photochemical release of ligand 2 from [8](PF6)2 occurred upon blue light irradiation (465 nm) with a photosubstitution quantum yield of 0.011 that was independent of the binding of streptavidin to the free biotin ligand.
Application of “Smart” Amine Donors for Rapid Screening and Scale‐Up of Transaminase‐Mediated Biotransformations
Authors: Gomm Andrew , Grigoriou Stylianos , Peel Christopher , Ryan James , Mujtaba Nafees , Clarke Thomas , Kulcinskaja Evelina , O'Reilly Elaine
Published: July 2018

The “smart” amine donors o‐xylylenediamine and cadaverine were employed for the rapid screening of a large ketone library and subsequent preparative‐scale synthesis of selected compounds using a commercially available amine transaminase, ATA256. The methodology enables both screening and preparative‐scale biotransformations to be performed with a single enzyme and simplifies the generation of sp3‐rich small‐molecule libraries.
Disordered Bilayered V2O5 ⋅ nH2O Shells Deposited on Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Arrays as Stable High‐Capacity Sodium Ion Battery Cathodes ⋅
Authors: Brown Emery , Acharya Jagaran , Elangovan Ayyappan , Pandey Gaind P. , Wu Judy , Li Jun
Published: July 2018

Due to the large radius of Na+ ions, it has been challenging to find suitable host materials for sustainable sodium ion batteries (SIBs). This study investigates sputter‐coated thin V2O5 shells on vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) arrays as a novel three‐dimensional (3D) core‐shell material for SIB cathodes. SEM, TEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the as‐deposited V2O5 shell has a highly disordered bilayered V2O5 ⋅ nH2O structure with a large interlayer spacing of 11.0 Å, which can accommodate Na+ ions better than orthorhombic α‐V2O5 crystals. This hydrated metastable structure has been systematically characterized for Na+ storage. A high initial insertion capacity of 277 mAh g−1 can be achieved at a current density of 250 mA g−1 in the potential window of 4.0–1.0 V (vs Na/Na+). Using higher charge‐discharge rate or narrower potential windows, the electrode becomes more reversible, able to reach a coulombic efficiency of ∼99 %. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge‐discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements indicate that the Na+ storage is dominated by a large pseudocapacitive contribution due to fast surface reactions, which facilitates the improved stability and high power density. Such highly disordered bilayered V2O5 ⋅ nH2O material in the 3D core‐shell architecture provides new insights for developing future SIB materials.
Age‐associated changes in waking hippocampal sharp‐wave ripples
Authors: Cowen Stephen L. , Gray Daniel T. , Wiegand Jean‐Paul L. , Schimanski Lesley A. , Barnes Carol A.
Published: July 2018

Hippocampal sharp‐wave ripples are brief high‐frequency (120–250 Hz) oscillatory events that support mnemonic processes during sleep and awake behavior. Although ripples occurring during sleep are believed to facilitate memory consolidation, waking ripples may also be involved in planning and memory retrieval. Recent work from our group determined that normal aging results in a significant reduction in the peak oscillatory frequency and rate‐of‐occurrence of ripples during sleep that may contribute to age‐associated memory decline. It is unknown, however, how aging alters waking ripples. We investigated whether characteristics of waking ripples undergo age‐dependent changes. Sharp‐wave ripple events were recorded from the CA1 region of the hippocampus in old (n = 5) and young (n = 6) F344 male rats as they performed a place‐dependent eyeblink conditioning task. Several novel observations emerged from this analysis. First, although aged rats expressed more waking ripples than young rats during track running and reward consumption, this effect was eliminated, and, in the case of track‐running, reversed when time spent in each location was accounted for. Thus, aged rats emit more ripples, but young rats express a higher ripple rate. This likely results from reduced locomotor activity in aged animals. Furthermore, although ripple rates increased as young rats approached rewards, rates did not increase in aged rats, and rates in aged and young animals were not affected by eyeblink conditioning. Finally, although the oscillatory frequency of ripples was lower in aged animals during rest, frequencies in aged rats increased during behavior to levels indistinguishable from young rats. Given the involvement of waking ripples in memory retrieval, a possible consequence of slower movement speeds of aged animals is to provide more opportunity to replay task‐relevant information and compensate for age‐related declines in ripple rate during task performance.
Aneuploidy: Cancer strength or vulnerability?
Authors: Simonetti Giorgia , Bruno Samantha , Padella Antonella , Tenti Elena , Martinelli Giovanni
Published: July 2018

Aneuploidy is a very rare and tissue‐specific event in normal conditions, occurring in a low number of brain and liver cells. Its frequency increases in age‐related disorders and is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Aneuploidy has been associated with defects in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, the relationship between chromosome number alterations, SAC genes and tumor susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of SAC gene alterations at genomic and transcriptional level across human cancers and discuss the oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of aneuploidy. SAC genes are rarely mutated but frequently overexpressed, with a negative prognostic impact on different tumor types. Both increased and decreased SAC gene expression show oncogenic potential in mice. SAC gene upregulation may drive aneuploidization and tumorigenesis through mitotic delay, coupled with additional oncogenic functions outside mitosis. The genomic background and environmental conditions influence the fate of aneuploid cells. Aneuploidy reduces cellular fitness. It induces growth and contact inhibition, mitotic and proteotoxic stress, cell senescence and production of reactive oxygen species. However, aneuploidy confers an evolutionary flexibility by favoring genome and chromosome instability (CIN), cellular adaptation, stem cell‐like properties and immune escape. These properties represent the driving force of aneuploid cancers, especially under conditions of stress and pharmacological pressure, and are currently under investigation as potential therapeutic targets. Indeed, promising results have been obtained from synthetic lethal combinations exploiting CIN, mitotic defects, and aneuploidy‐tolerating mechanisms as cancer vulnerability.