bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Root and Root Canal Morphology of Premolars in a Sample of the Lebanese Population: Clinical Considerations
Authors: MERHEJ Marie-José , EL HACHEM Roula , SACRE Hala , SALAMEH Pascale , GHOSN Nabil , NAAMAN Alfred
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the root anatomy of the maxillary and mandibular premolars among a sample of the Lebanese population and to explore their incidence by sex and the symmetry between the left and right sides.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis of 250 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans consisted of 960 maxillary and 972 mandibular premolars. Roots, canals, and morphology types were recorded. Vertucci’s classification was used to categorize the canal morphologies. Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests were applied (P≤.05).
Results: The majority of maxillary first premolars had two roots (85.3%) with two canals (91.3%). Most of the maxillary second premolars showed one root (79.8%). Two-root canals (53.55%) were more common than one canal (44.2%). The three-root, three-canal morphology was rarely spotted in the maxillary first (0.4%) and second premolars (2.3%). The one-root (99.2%) and one-canal (84.5%) morphologies were most frequently located in the mandibular first and second premolars (100%, 88.6%), and two canals being less common (15.5%, 11.4%) correct same as before. The total prevalence of premolars with a complex root canal morphology was 62.4%, found in types II, III, and V to VIII. Men had significantly more roots and root canals in their maxillary first premolars than women (P≤.05). No significant differences were observed between the contralateral premolars (P>.05).
Conclusions: Premolars displayed wide variations in root and root canal morphology and symmetry between the contralateral premolars.
The Influence of Self-Control on Aggressiveness in Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bahjatunnufuz Yusfia Hadisty , Sudirman Dhiya Fauziyyah , Nimatuzahroh Nimatuzahroh
Published: September 2024

Aggressiveness is the tendency to behave harshly, violently, or hostilely towards others. It can be physical, verbal, or even emotional. Aggressiveness is often considered a negative trait because it can lead to conflicts and harm both oneself and others. One of the factors that can influence it is self-control, which is the ability to restrain or manage impulsive or excessive urges and behaviors. Eight out of 15 international journals indicate that adolescent aggressive behavior includes various types, such as physical aggression, verbal aggression, and modeling aggression. Self-control has a significant influence on adolescent aggressiveness. The results of the systematic review show that good self-control can help manage and direct aggressiveness toward more positive and constructive outcomes. Other factors that influence aggressiveness include gender, parenting styles, and emotional regulation. Therefore, understanding the interaction of these factors is crucial in addressing and managing aggressiveness to foster healthier social interactions and personal well-being.
Motivating the Younger Generation in Reading: Integrating Technology in Understanding Digital Literacy
Authors: Gea Nurman Samehuni , Gulo Upaya Bakti Murni , Bawamenewi Arozatulo , Gulo Wenti Marlina
Published: September 2024

Reading is an important activity to develop insight, knowledge and critical thinking skills. Therefore, schools should organize literacy activities to increase interest in reading. Digital literacy is the ability to understand and use information from various digital sources and use technology and information from digital devices in various situations. The aim of this research is to develop an effective strategy for integrating technology in literacy promotion, to motivate the digital generation to read. The research technique is a qualitative method, with a case study approach, the research subjects are the digital generation, such as pupils, students and active social media users. The research object is the reading motivation of the digital generation and the integration of technology in the promotion of digital literacy. Assessment instruments (level of interest in reading, responsiveness, initiative to use technology in reading, and participation). The data collection techniques used are participant observation sheets to observe how the digital generation uses technology in reading, and document analysis to study existing digital literacy programs and how they integrate technology.
Examining the Influence of ESG Reporting on Investment Strategies: The Crucial Role of Accounting Information
Authors: Deng Bowen
Published: September 2024

This study asks many questions about attempts to find the truth about the very deep influence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) statements on people's investment decisions, with a particular focus on the supportive role of accounting information. Through a mixed-method approach that combines investor surveys and financial report analysis, this research examines the relationships among clear open and honest ESG reporting, accounting quality, and investment attractiveness. The results show a positive relationship between high-quality ESG statements to people and firm performance, indicating that investors value companies in order of importance, clearness, open honesty, and honesty and right responsibility. Furthermore, this study highlights the extremely important function of accounting standards in ensuring the believability and comparability of ESG data across firms, which can improve investor confidence. Recommendations are given to companies to improve their ESG reporting methods, hug advanced ways of doing things, and work together with the ability to keep something around or keep something going experts. Additionally, people or businesses who provide money to help start businesses provide opinions about what could or should be done about a situation to combine different things so that they work as one unit of ESG judging requirements in their decision-making processes, while policymakers are encouraged to establish strong and healthy rules and help increase ESG investing education.
The Impact of ESG on Corporate Financial Performance
Authors: Yu Yang
Published: September 2024

Under the guidance of the concept of sustainable development and the "dual carbon" goals, the establishment of an ESG system has become an important issue of concern for enterprises in our country. The ESG system not only helps companies fulfill their social responsibilities but is also believed to enhance their financial performance. Regarding the question of whether ESG truly has a positive feedback effect on a company's financial performance, a descriptive analysis and visual analysis method were employed to review and analyze over 200 research papers related to ESG. Taking Bosiding as an example, it was found that ESG has had a certain positive feedback effect on the Research findings indicate that corporate ESG performance has a significant positive impact on the financial performance of listed companies. ESG performance not only alleviates financing constraints but also enhances corporate efficiency, making a positive contribution to the profitability of both listed companies and small and medium-sized enterprises.
Ancient Chinese Philosophy in Korea: Implied Influences of Confucianism in Contemporary Korea and the Korean Idealistic Alteration
Authors: Chen Qiange
Published: September 2024

This paper methodically described the implied influences that the traditional Chinese philosophy of Confucianism enacts in contemporary Korea. In ancient times, Korea has a strong link to China and has imported China’s traditions and thoughts that contributed in the enrichments of Korean culture, while Confucianism is an ideal representative among them. After 2000s, Confucianism preserved in the sociocultural aspect of Korea as part of its tradition. However, the younger generation’s thoughts and habits are highly affected by the Korean Wave and the advancements of eras, therefore, certain idealistic alteration in contemporary Korea have produced. By clarifying the implicit influences of Confucianism in current Korean society and its unique alteration, this paper can contribute in the research field of Korean culture while also provide a fair view regarding the cultural exports of Confucianism from ancient China.
AIGC Changes the Internal Governance of Political Trust Under the Perspective of Political Communication——A Theoretical Research and Practice Analysis Based on a National Network Survey
Authors: Guo Jiahe
Published: September 2024

Political communication is one of the important ways to influence political trust. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) technology, its application is increasingly extensive in the field of political communication, which has had a profound impact on the traditional political communication mode. This study discusses the difference between AIGC (generative ARTIFICIAL intelligence) and traditional political communication in information credibility and its impact on public political trust, and in order to further enhance the political communication of AIGC, a new pattern of AI precision governance should be constructed with grid theory. Through online extensive sampling of the national 503 people, overall, the application of AIGC technology significantly changed the way of political information and trust degree, compared with the traditional form of public political trust fell, at the same time the traditional (authoritative) media, social media main body using AIGC political communication will also affect the people's political trust. In this regard, accurate precision governance should be realized, so that the application of AIGC in political communication has the following trends: it can improve the public's awareness of the credibility and authenticity of political information to a certain extent, and then further enhance the public's political trust. This study from the perspective of political communication reveals the application of AIGC for the influence of public political trust path, reveals the information credibility and authenticity perception in the important role of cultivating political trust, further highlights the change and innovation of traditional communication form, reasonable guide the development of good AIGC political communication new areas, promote the importance of building a new pattern of AI accurate governance, provides an important reference for the future development in the field of political communication.
Research on Sustainable Usage of Straw in China
Authors: Lyu Dairui
Published: September 2024

Agricultural waste refers to the by-products or residue of agricultural activities, which mainly consists of roots, stems, and leaves, which are left over after processing crops or harvesting (Li et al., 2021). Straw is one of the main agricultural residues produced from cereals during the harvesting process. Cereal waste has led to significant agricultural waste issues, which presents great challenges in terms of sustainable development in China. This study focuses on the sustainable use of straw waste in China. Some researchers pointed out that the 3R approach is recognized as a successful model used to analyze the circular economy and sustainable social development. The sustainable barriers framework is regarded as a reasonable framework for analyzing the obstacles to sustainable behaviors in society. The combination framework will be used in conjunction with the 3R approach in this research to evaluate the issue and demonstrate the obstacles in China's agricultural industry more intuitively and effectively. This study will also analyze the reasons for the unsustainable use of straw in Chinese society from three perspectives: social, economic, and policy, and analyze how the sustainable use of straw in China can be achieved, including media communication, modification of production lines, and division of government function, according to the 3Rs and sustainable barrier framework.
Legal Safeguards and Effectiveness Evaluation of Family Pension Support Policies in China and Japan
Authors: Su Xilun , Liu Sijia , Cui Muchen
Published: September 2024

As the aging process in China accelerates, the challenges facing pension policies are increasingly prominent, becoming a focal point of societal attention. Japan's legal framework and implementation of family pension support policies are relatively well-established, while China still has significant room for improvement in legal safeguards and practical implementation. Learning from Japan’s relevant policies could reduce the costs associated with the reform of China's pension system. This paper compares family pension-related policies in China and Japan, providing suggestions and summarizing them based on actual circumstances, aiming to further improve relevant laws and regulations and enhance the support and effectiveness of family pension systems.
A Critical Review of the Underlying Dynamics Between Stakeholder Value Addition and Organisational Strategies
Authors: Zhuang Zhimeng
Published: September 2024

This paper critically examines how stakeholder value addition influences organisational strategies, highlighting key strategic outcomes affected by various stakeholder engagements. Utilizing a theoretical framework that integrates the Stakeholder Theory with the Strategic Management Model, the study systematically explores the reciprocity between stakeholders' expectations and organisational policy-making. Through a qualitative analysis of case studies across diverse sectors, the research illuminates the processes through which stakeholder interests are prioritized and integrated into the strategic objectives of organizations. The findings underscore the importance of aligning stakeholder management with core business strategies to foster sustainable growth and competitive advantage. Additionally, this review identifies potential pitfalls and best practices in stakeholder engagement, providing insights into how effective stakeholder integration can drive strategic innovation and enhance organisational resilience. This synthesis of stakeholder-related strategic dynamics offers significant contributions to both academic literature and practical management approaches, advocating for a more inclusive understanding of stakeholder impacts on organizational success.
Research on the Demand Survey and Service Quality Improvement Strategy of the Elderly Aviation Service
Authors: Zhai ZhenHan
Published: September 2024

With the increase in the proportion of elderly population, the importance of optimizing aviation services for the elderly and their service quality has gradually become apparent. This study firstly investigates the current situation of elderly people in terms of aviation services, and reveals the main problems that exist. Subsequently, by designing a targeted survey questionnaire, a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the aviation service needs of elderly consumers is conducted in order to accurately grasp their specific requirements. Combined with the evaluation system, this paper proposes a targeted service quality evaluation method and explores strategies to improve the service quality for the elderly population in the aviation industry. The research results have high practical value for the aviation industry to provide more humane and refined services and have significant practical guidance in addressing the new challenges posed by an aging society in the aviation service field.
Analysis of Career Development Path Based on the Three Comprehensive Practice Education Models of Medical Laboratory Technology
Authors: Xue Ruifeng , Liu Xiaoping
Published: September 2024

This paper expounds on the connotation of the three complex practical education models of medical laboratory technology and its application in career planning. Through the cooperation and resource sharing of schools, enterprises, and hospitals, the 33 Complex realizes the close integration of theoretical teaching and practice and provides comprehensive preparation for students' clinical practice and employment. This paper further discusses the career planning strategies of medical laboratory technology students based on this model, including personal positioning, goal setting, and career development path analysis. Through the analysis of typical career development cases, the challenges and opportunities in the industry are revealed. Finally, this paper discusses the positive impact of the three complex models on career development, including the promoting role of resource sharing and the advantages of career development under mutual benefit and win-win results. It looks forward to the future trends and challenges.
College Students Online Love to Participate in the Promotion Activities
Authors: Lin Zhang
Published: September 2024

With the rapid development of big data, there are more and more consumption ways of online shopping online. As China's e-commerce platforms continue to expand, various e-commerce shopping festivals also emerge. At the same time, the competition among online businesses has become increasingly fierce, and different promotion means emerge in endlessly. Therefore, businesses should seize the opportunity, seize the opportunity, and study the vast consumer group of college students. College students are an emerging consumer group of online shopping software. Many college students will buy on impulse under the stimulation of various promotional activities. For example, after swiping discounts on TikTok, Kuaishou and other video software, they are easy to have the desire for impulse consumption. In addition, college students mainly show the continuity of purchase when buying goods. If they have a good experience in the process of buying goods, they may continue to buy products of the same brand, and will recommend the products to their friends and relatives. College students stand at the front of the consumption concept, easy to contact, but also easy to accept new things, consumption concept ahead and change relatively fast. Secondly, college students should pursue the practical ability brought by commodities more often. College students have now become one of the main forces of consumption. This paper takes the domestic online consumption environment as the research background, and through the review of questionnaires and literature, studies the influence of product promotion mode on the impulsive purchase of product promotion. his paper explores which kind of promotion method that college students love to participate in in online shopping in China. The consumption phenomenon of college students is expected to provide reference for merchants to carry out online shopping promotion.
Penser la citoyenneté culturelle des femmes en musique au Québec : les trajectoires « ordinaires » d’Ella Charland (1896-1987) et de Léonie Claude (1893-1963)
Authors: Blais-Tremblay Vanessa
Published: September 2024

Cet article prend le mardi 6 décembre 1921 – date où une majorité de femmes au Québec a pu pour la première fois exercer son droit de vote – comme point de départ à une étude de cas sur la notion de citoyenneté culturelle des femmes « ordinaires » dans les cultures musicales historiques. Partant de traces laissées dans la presse montréalaise ce jour-là par des femmes qui n’ont pas fait l’histoire, incluant des directrices d’ensembles, des compositrices, des enseignantes, des mécènes, des pianistes accompagnatrices de cinéma muet, des artistes locales ou itinérantes de la scène de variétés, des chanteuses et des instrumentistes lors d’anniversaires, d’événements religieux et de rassemblements politiques, cet article permet d’entrevoir certaines des trajectoires que les femmes en musique pouvaient emprunter à l’aube des « années folles » et du développement de la radio commerciale au Québec. Les vies musicales de deux femmes dont les activités musicales sont rapportées dans la presse du 6 décembre 1921 sont examinées en détail : celle d’Ella Charland (1896-1987) et de Léonie Claude (1893-1963).
Le 1er juillet 1928, entre tradition et modernité : le défilé de la Saint-Jean-Baptiste comme expression sonore et performative du régionalisme1
Authors: Risk Laura
Published: September 2024

En 1928, le thème choisi pour le défilé traditionnel de la Saint-Jean-Baptiste à Montréal est « Nos chansons populaires ». La parade comporte une trentaine de chars allégoriques présentant des tableaux vivants illustrant le répertoire musical folklorique canadien-français. La veille du défilé, cependant, la ville déborde d’événements musicaux étroitement liés aux circuits de divertissement américains, incluant des films muets, des spectacles de vaudeville et des comédies musicales. Comment alors réconcilier ce samedi soir de divertissements et le défilé du dimanche qui visait à préserver une identité canadienne-française distinctive en contrant la mauvaise influence présumée du monde anglophone et des États-Unis ? Dans le présent article, je soutiens que le défilé permet d’envisager la chanson traditionnelle non pas comme une relique culturelle destinée à disparaître avec la modernité, mais plutôt comme un élément essentiel pour créer une modernité distinctement canadienne-française. J’interprète notamment la mise en scène du folklore dans le contexte du défilé par le prisme du mouvement régionaliste contemporain dans la littérature et les arts visuels et j’avance que la parade est une expression sonore et performative de ce mouvement.
Du recensement comme source au recensement comme objet
Authors: Salaün Marie
Published: September 2024

À travers l’analyse du dénombrement de la population d’une colonie française du Pacifique, la Nouvelle-Calédonie, cet article propose de considérer l’archive comme un lieu épistémologique et un objet de pratiques politiques, à la fois matrice et produit d’un état de la conscience et des savoirs du colonisateur. Si les résultats chiffrés de ce recensement périodique ont été abondamment exploités pour montrer la dynamique démographique d’une colonie de peuplement très atypique dans l’Empire français, les logiques qui présidaient à cette comptabilisation n’ont pas à ce jour été décrites et analysées. La catégorisation de la population, donnée fondatrice de la « situation coloniale » de Balandier, invite à relativiser l’évidence d’un sens commun colonial partagé. Cette catégorisation, à travers son évolution dans le temps, mais également à la lecture des nombreuses ratures et corrections que les documents de travail des recensements révèlent, montre qu’il n’y a rien d’évident dans l’appréhension des groupes en cohabitation forcée. Il s’agit de prendre au sérieux la matérialité du document, pour ce qu’elle nous dit des aléas de la domination coloniale.
« Améliorer ces primitifs »
Authors: Bousquet Marie-Pierre
Published: September 2024

Cet article étudie des dossiers d’archives de l’agence indienne de l’Abitibi portant sur la scolarisation des enfants des Premières Nations dans la première moitié du vingtième siècle. La question était de savoir si, en matière de scolarisation, les agents appliquaient des directives ou exerçaient un pouvoir discrétionnaire. L’analyse se focalise autant sur la bureaucratie que sur les représentants de l’État, dans un contexte colonial. Chargés d’appliquer des normes juridiques faisant appel à leur subjectivité, les agents des Affaires indiennes révèlent, dans leurs correspondances et leurs remarques, leurs préjugés, leur ethnocentrisme et la façon dont l’État et la société percevaient les Autochtones. En retraçant l’histoire scolaire des jeunes Autochtones gérés par l’agence de l’Abitibi avant l’ouverture du pensionnat d’Amos en 1955, j’ai pu voir se dévoiler ces hommes qui ont été des acteurs clés dans l’histoire de leurs administrés. J’avance que la bureaucratie et les bureaucrates n’ont pas été que des instruments au service du projet colonial, mais son principal vecteur.
S’émanciper par les archives coloniales ?
Authors: Le Bonniec Fabien
Published: September 2024

Le sud du Chili est, depuis plus d’une vingtaine d’années, le théâtre de conflits confrontant les Autochtones mapuche à de grands propriétaires fonciers, des entreprises forestières et des projets énergétiques. À l’origine d’une grande partie de ces conflits sont l’invasion militaire du territoire mapuche à la fin du XIXe siècle et la spoliation de leurs terres durant le processus ultérieur de constitution des réserves autochtones. Il est ainsi possible de trouver des traces de ce vol des ressources foncières et de l’histoire mapuche dans l’Archive générale des Affaires indiennes (AGAI) de Temuco, qui regroupe un ensemble de documents produits et ordonnés par la bureaucratie indigéniste chilienne. Dans le contexte d’une recherche ethnographique sur la territorialité mapuche menée dans des communautés de Toltén, le travail sur les mémoires orales et les archives personnelles a imposé un passage par l’AGAI et la compréhension des pratiques et des rationalités bureaucratiques dans la formation d’altérité et de subjectivités autochtones. Les archives coloniales sont non seulement un support fondamental de documentation et de compréhension des spoliations territoriales, mais également une source de subjectivation passée et contemporaine de l’autochtonie. L’AGAI révèle comment s’alternent des logiques juridiques de visibilisation et d’invisibilisation des acteurs mapuche dans le cadre d’un travail d’État d’identification, de délimitation, d’assignation et de dépossession des Autochtones et de leurs territoires.
Evaluation of a Quality Measure for Multiple Sclerosis Care: Disease-Modifying Therapy Initiation at the University of North Carolina’s Outpatient Neurology Clinic
Authors: Clayton Alissa , Alam Sidrah , Hoskins Emily , Cherian Seena , Iyer Stephanie
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological condition leading to significant disability and challenges to quality of life. To slow progression and reduce relapses, it is critical to rapidly initiate disease-modifying therapy (DMT) after diagnosis. Patient demographics may play a role in timely DMT initiation. Financial barriers may also result in delays in DMT access.

METHODS:

This retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study included patients seen at a neurology clinic at a large academic medical center for an initial evaluation of MS between January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2022. As an indicator of the quality of care, the primary study outcome was whether patients were offered DMT initiation on their first clinic visit. Secondary outcomes evaluated the time to DMT initiation, including differences in care based on demographic factors and financial coverage.

RESULTS:

Of the 49 eligible individuals studied, 45 (91.8%) were offered DMT at their initial MS visit. Descriptive statistics appeared to demonstrate that demographic factors did not impact whether DMT was offered. However, the majority of patients experienced access barriers relating to prior authorization requirements (80.0%) and/or the need for co-pay assistance (52.0%).

CONCLUSIONS:

DMT was appropriately offered to a majority of patients at their initial MS visit, regardless of demographic considerations. No offer of DMT and delays in initiation were primarily due to the need for imaging and specialty referrals, as well as financial barriers. Medication assistance teams may play a crucial role in limiting delays and financial hurdles associated with insurance coverage and co-pay assistance.
¿Cuántas especies hay y cuál es el origen de las musarañas de dientes blancos (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae, Crocidurinae) de España y Portugal? Especies nativas, colonizadoras e introducidas: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Román Jacinto , Domínguez-García Ángel C. , Calzada Javier
Published: September 2024

The diversity of species in a given area at a given time is determined by its phylogeographic history and processes such as extinctions, colonizations, and introductions. Understanding this diversity requires integrating knowledge from disciplines such as biogeography, paleontology, zooarchaeology and historical ecology. This challenge becomes particularly complex when dealing with phylogenetically close species, with reserved habits and very similar morphologies, as is the case with white-toothed shrews (subfamily Crocidurinae). In this review, we compile and organize the existing information on this group of species in Spain and Portugal, paying special attention to the number of known species present and their origins.According to the most recent knowledge, there are currently seven species of white-toothed shrews in Spain and Portugal: one evolved in the Iberian Peninsula from Eurasian ancestors, Crocidura iculisma; one evolved in North Africa from African ancestors, Crocidura whitakeri; one evolved in the Canary Islands from an ancestor arriving from Africa, Crocidura canariensis; one arrived in the Peninsula from Africa during the Pleistocene, Crocidura russula; and three species whose accidental arrival occurred in historical times and was mediated by humans: Suncus etruscus, Crocidura gueldenstaedtii, and Crocidura pachyura. Additionally, S. etruscus and C. russula have recently been introduced to some of the islands.
Mitologizacje słowiańszczyzny w twórczości polskiego działacza na śląsku cieszyńskim Pawła Stalmacha (1824–1891)
Authors: Głębocka Alicja
Published: September 2024

Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza i interpretacja Cieszymira i Ksiąg Rodu Słowiańskiego, dwóch tekstów autorstwa Pawła Stalmacha (1824–1891), polskiego działacza narodowego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim. Stalmach, korzystając z zebranych danych, przekazów i legend, przedstawia zmitologizowaną kulturę i religię Słowian, a także historię Cieszyna i Śląska Cieszyńskiego. Refleksja zawarta w artykule dotyczy również roli, jaką Cieszymir i Księgi Rodu Słowiańskiego odegrały w społeczno-politycznej działalności autora. Analiza została przeprowadzona na podstawie narratywistycznych koncepcji Haydena White’a i Franka Ankersmita oraz zdefiniowanych przez Jerzego Topolskiego mechanizmów mitologizacji (uniwersalizację, mistyfikację, deifikację czy gloryfikację, stereotypizację i profetyzację). Przedstawiony przez Stalmacha obraz przeszłości zawiera niemal wszystkie wyróżnione mechanizmy mitologizacji. Zarówno z Cieszymira, jak i z Ksiąg Rodu Słowiańskiego wyłania się niezwykle pozytywny obraz Słowian. Teksty stanowiły element działalności społeczno-politycznej Stalmacha, zmierzającej ku tworzeniu lokalnej polskiej wspólnoty na Śląsku Cieszyńskim.
Spillovers between European markets
Authors: Choczyńska Agnieszka
Published: September 2024

Financial integration has been proven to benefit European economies. However, it may obstruct diversification attempts, and so attracts the attention of investors and researchers. The aim of this paper is to analyze changes in spillovers between European markets, the European Index, and the World Index, over a period of two decades (2000–2021), with regard to the level of development. Mature markets have higher spillovers than emerging and frontier ones. The main finding is that non-developed markets’ spillover levels in tranquil periods did not substantially increase in the last two decades, despite ongoing integration with developed European markets. However, spillover rises in time of global or regional crisis (e.g. Great Financial Crisis, Eurozone Debt Crisis, COVID-19 pandemic) for all markets, regardless of economic development, which can undermine diversification attempts just when they are most needed. Afterwards, the transmission of shocks falls back to the pre-crisis level, with the exception of the spillover between Eurozone markets and European Index, which remained very high even after the end of the particular crisis.
The usefulness of big data in creating innovations. The example of Google Trends
Authors: Hernik Joanna
Published: September 2024

A huge amount of data is collected by search engines. According to estimates, the Google search engine, which is dominant on the market, receives billions of search requests daily. Of particular note is that a large part of the collected data is available through the Google Trends service. As a consequence, various types of data can be used by enterprises for their development but they often do not take advantage of this opportunity. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to prove the suitability of the big data concept for creating and implementing product innovations, using the example of Google Trends. Discovering human needs and searching for answers to them is not only the domain of entrepreneurs, therefore this study may have a fairly broad practical applications. By adopting general assumptions, i.e. ones that do not refer to specific products or industries, the author has shown that the presented path may be recreated by both entrepreneurs and creators of political programs, as well as leaders of non-governmental organizations who need to implement innovations. The results revealed the selection of specific ways of entering queries in Google Trends and certain periods of analysis which are the most useful for creating innovations. Descriptive statistics (such as median) clearly show that the results typed in Google Trends are better when taken from a user perspective and can be used to create innovations. Despite substantial differences, the results do not allow for the conclusion that these differences were statistically significant. Thus, preliminary data supports the hypothesis, but more research is needed.
The decision making criteria of a rational investor on the example of an investment portfolio analysis of listed companies and a basket of currencies
Authors: Tadla Karolina
Published: September 2024

In today’s globalized world, investing is a key financial management strategy related to the hope of obtaining future economic benefits. Access to more and more information has created new opportunities for wealth creation, including investments in stocks, cryptocurrencies, gold, real estate and many other assets. The work emphasizes the importance of investing and diversifying the investment portfolio, especially in periods of inflation, using the example of a portfolio of listed companies compared to a currency portfolio. The study covers the period from December 2019 to December 2020, and the analysis aims to estimate the rate of return on investment based on the Markowitz and CAPM theories. The presented analysis method is applicable both in the academic environment and in real economic scenarios, encouraging further research on investments.
The impact of digitization on corporate controlling and the role of controllers
Authors: Hastenteufel Jessica , Dorow Max , Weber Susanne
Published: September 2024

Digitization is a megatrend that strongly influences organisations and is reflected in all business processes and operational functions. It is therefore not surprising that controlling is also affected by digitization. This paper first defines and explains the key sub-processes of controlling and describes the traditional role and tasks of controllers that are derived from this. Next, selected technologies such as the internet of things, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence are described in detail and their influence on controlling and the role of the controller is analysed. It is shown that digitization is already having a significant impact on controlling and still holds considerable potential for the future. This will also lead inevitably to a continuous refinement of the role and tasks of controllers, whereby they will have to further expand their knowledge and skills in the future.
Literature review. Pricing rule alternatives for the European day-ahead market
Authors: Weißensteiner Felix
Published: September 2024

This literature review delves into the intricate realm of pricing rules in the day-ahead electricity market, spurred by a notable surge in 2022 electricity prices. Employing a comparative analysis of uniform pricing (UP), discriminatory pricing (DP), and the Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) pricing rule, the study navigates the complexities of these mechanisms. The evaluation unveils contrasting perspectives: the political push for consumer-friendly low prices versus the efficiency aspiration for a self-regulating market. DP, minimizing average prices but increasing volatility, and VCG, excelling in productive efficiency, are pitted against UP, the prevailing yet imperfect norm. The findings underscore the nuances of each rule; DP leads to reduced average prices and heightened volatility, while VCG ensures superior productive efficiency. Despite UP’s simplicity, it prompts inefficiencies and political costs. These insights illuminate the pivotal choice faced by policymakers, balancing efficiency, fairness, and market sustainability.
APP β-CTF triggers cell-autonomous synaptic toxicity independent of Aβ
Authors: Luo Mengxun , Zhou Jia , Sun Cailu , Chen Wanjia , Fu Chaoying , Si Chenfang , Zhang Yaoyang , Geng Yang , Chen Yelin
Published: September 2024

Aβ is believed to play a significant role in synaptic degeneration observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is primarily investigated as a secreted peptide. However, the contribution of intracellular Aβ or other cleavage products of its precursor protein (APP) to synaptic loss remains uncertain. In this study, we conducted a systematic examination of their cell-autonomous impact using a sparse expression system. Here, these proteins/peptides were overexpressed in a single neuron, surrounded by thousands of untransfected neurons. Surprisingly, we found that APP induced dendritic spine loss only when co-expressed with BACE1. This effect was mediated by β-CTF, a β-cleavage product of APP, through an endosome-related pathway independent of Aβ. Neuronal expression of β-CTF in mouse brains resulted in defective synaptic transmission and cognitive impairments, even in the absence of amyloid plaques. These findings unveil a β-CTF-initiated mechanism driving synaptic toxicity irrespective of amyloid plaque formation and suggest a potential intervention by inhibiting the endosomal GTPase Rab5.
Rifampicin tolerance and growth fitness among isoniazid-resistant clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from a longitudinal study
Authors: Vijay Srinivasan , Bao Nguyen Le Hoai , Vinh Dao Nguyen , Nhat Le Thanh Hoang , Thu Do Dang Anh , Quang Nguyen Le , Trieu Le Pham Tien , Nhung Hoang Ngoc , Ha Vu Thi Ngoc , Thai Phan Vuong Khac , Ha Dang Thi Minh , Lan Nguyen Huu , Caws Maxine , Thwaites Guy E , Javid Babak , Thuong Nguyen Thuy
Published: September 2024

Antibiotic tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reduces bacterial killing, worsens treatment outcomes, and contributes to resistance. We studied rifampicin tolerance in isolates with or without isoniazid resistance (IR). Using a minimum duration of killing assay, we measured rifampicin survival in isoniazid-susceptible (IS, n=119) and resistant (IR, n=84) isolates, correlating tolerance with bacterial growth, rifampicin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and isoniazid-resistant mutations. Longitudinal IR isolates were analyzed for changes in rifampicin tolerance and genetic variant emergence. The median time for rifampicin to reduce the bacterial population by 90% (MDK90) increased from 1.23 days (IS) and 1.31 days (IR) to 2.55 days (IS) and 1.98 days (IR) over 15–60 days of incubation, indicating fast and slow-growing tolerant sub-populations. A 6 log10-fold survival fraction classified tolerance as low, medium, or high, showing that IR is linked to increased tolerance and faster growth (OR = 2.68 for low vs. medium, OR = 4.42 for low vs. high, p-trend = 0.0003). High tolerance in IR isolates was associated with rifampicin treatment in patients and genetic microvariants. These findings suggest that IR tuberculosis should be assessed for high rifampicin tolerance to optimize treatment and prevent the development of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of anti-predator mechanisms of eyespots: conspicuous pattern vs eye mimicry
Authors: Mizuno Ayumi , Lagisz Malgorzata , Pollo Pietro , Yang Yefeng , Soma Masayo , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: September 2024

Eyespot patterns have evolved in many prey species. These patterns were traditionally explained by the eye mimicry hypothesis, which proposes that eyespots resembling vertebrate eyes function as predator avoidance. However, it is possible that eyespots are not the mimicry of eyes: according to the conspicuousness hypothesis, eyespots are just one form of vivid aposematic signals where only conspicuousness matters. To test these hypotheses and explore factors influencing predators’ responses, we conducted a meta-analysis with 33 empirical papers focusing on bird responses to lepidopterans having conspicuous patterns (eyespots and non-eyespots). Supporting the latter hypothesis, the results showed no clear difference in predator avoidance efficacy between eyespots and non-eyespots. When comparing geometric pattern characteristics, bigger pattern sizes and smaller numbers of patterns were more effective in preventing avian predation. This finding indicates that paired concentric patterns have weaker deterring effects than single ones. Taken together, our study supports the conspicuousness hypothesis more than the eye mimicry hypothesis. Due to the number and species coverage of published studies so far, the generalisability of our conclusion may be limited. The findings highlight that pattern conspicuousness is key to eliciting avian avoidance responses, shedding a different light on this classic example of signal evolution.
Effect of Formal Training on Tooth Shade Matching Ability among Indian Dental Students in Diverse Clinical Settings: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Mahajan Akanksha , Jain Neha , Dhawan Pankaj
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Selecting a correct shade is the key to success of any prosthesis, especially in the aesthetic zone. Variations of shade in a single tooth or the polychromatic nature of a tooth can impose greater challenges in shade matching. Therefore, it would be best if it is taught during the undergraduate course in dental schools. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge and shade matching skills among dental undergraduate students with and without training in three different clinical conditions. Materials and Methods: This post-test only quasi-experimental study was conducted with 377 undergraduate students of Indian origin studying in a dental teaching institute. The students were divided into two groups based upon their clinical training in shade matching: Group I (trained, n=197) and Group II (untrained, n=180). Three different patients, in terms of their shade complexity, were presented to both the groups and their shade matching ability was assessed. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Chi-square test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: Statistical analysis showed that the mean correct scores of the trained students were significantly higher than those of the untrained students (p=0.0001) in all three patients. There was a statistically significant difference (p=0.0001), as the trained group was better able to identify the correct or clinically acceptable shade compared to the untrained group in all three cases. Conclusion: The study concluded that training significantly improved the shade matching ability of dental undergraduate students in clinical conditions presenting varied complexities.
Geo-sustainability Challenges and Remediation Strategies: A GIS-based Assessment of Sripur Coalmine Areas, West Bengal, India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Bauri Bhumika
Published: September 2024

This study examines the health, risk, and safety aspects of coal mining in the Sripur area, focusing on the Bhanora West Block, Asansol, West Bengal, India as one of the 14 operational mines of Eastern Coalfields Limited in Asansol. The study addresses the increasing risks of accidents, fires, and subsidence in active, ageing, and closed mines and storage yards. The study’s incorporation of field surveys, satellite imagery, and environmental data ensures that the findings are based on a well-rounded and multi-faceted dataset.
The satellite imagery data (GIS and Remote Sensing) are perceived along with available literature and environmental impact compliance reports from time to time, with particular interest in the Bhanora West coal mine, both open cast and underground. The aspect, Hill shade, LULC and stream order maps of the Damodar are generated using Q-GIS, 3.28.7.
The environmental clearance data, accident data, subsidence area, and landslide data are analysed. A vast area in Sripur is observed to be under subsidence, with cracks appearing even near residential areas. The flow of the Nunia nallah is nearby, and old closed mines are not adequately backfilled, so the chance of seepage cannot be neglected though regularly attended.
Pneumoconiosis (CWP), a lung disease (black lung), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and silicosis are common in Sripur due to dust and substandard water. Effective and riskless mining extractions using proper technologies can avoid mining hazards, such as subsidence, the influx of water in underground mines, health hazards, air/water pollution, mine fire, and intact physical landscape and observing criteria of sustainable Development Goal SDG-1 SDG-3, SDG-6, SDG 12, SDG-13, and SDG 16.
Study of Bajra Production in Solapur District, India: An Economic Perspective
Authors: Ingle S. N. , Thakare S. S. , Peshattiwar P. D. , Durge J. B.
Published: September 2024

This study examined the economics of Bajra production in Solapur district between 2021-22 using primary data. The study employed stratified and purposive random sampling data technics to select 90 bajra farmers through the use of well-structured questionnaire. The result shows that per hectare cost of cultivation of Bajra at cost “C3” was the highest in large group i.e. 40023.95 followed by medium group Rs. 31095.14 and small group Rs. 26086.85. To estimate cost and returns in Bajra production was achieved by tabular analysis with cost concepts i.e., Cost A1, Cost A2, Cost B1, Cost B2, Cost C1, Cost C2, & Cost C3 percentage and output-input ratio was emphasized. Study of constraints and suggestion of Bajra grower in production and marketing of Bajra was achieved by applying frequency and percentage method. The average yield and gross returns per hectare increased with the increase in size of farms. The Input Output ratio of Bajra at “C3” was 1.22 in small group, 1.24 in medium group and 1.26 in large group. This indicates that, Cultivation of Bajra crop was economically profitable. The average main production was 275.89 qt/ha.