bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Taste and Place Coding in the Hippocampus
Authors: Herzog Linnea E. , Pascual Leila May , Scott Seneca J. , Mathieson Elon R. , Katz Donald B. , Jadhav Shantanu P.
Published: February 2019

An animal's survival depends on finding food and the memory of food and contexts are often linked. Given that the hippocampus is required for spatial and contextual memory, it is reasonable to expect related coding of space and food stimuli in hippocampal neurons. However, relatively little is known about how the hippocampus responds to tastes, the most central sensory property of food. In this study, we examined the taste-evoked responses and spatial firing properties of single units in the dorsal CA1 hippocampal region as male rats received a battery of taste stimuli differing in both chemical composition and palatability within a specific spatial context. We identified a subset of hippocampal neurons that responded to tastes, some of which were place cells. These taste and place responses had a distinct interaction: taste-responsive cells tended to have less spatially specific firing fields and place cells only responded to tastes delivered inside their place field. Like neurons in the amygdala and lateral hypothalamus, hippocampal neurons discriminated between tastes predominantly on the basis of palatability, with taste selectivity emerging concurrently with palatability-relatedness; these responses did not reflect movement or arousal. However, hippocampal taste responses emerged several hundred milliseconds later than responses in other parts of the taste system, suggesting that the hippocampus does not influence real-time taste decisions, instead associating the hedonic value of tastes with a particular context. This incorporation of taste responses into existing hippocampal maps could be one way that animals use past experience to locate food sources.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFinding food is essential for animals' survival and taste and context memory are often linked. Although hippocampal responses to space and contexts have been well characterized, little is known about how the hippocampus responds to tastes. Here, we identified a subset of hippocampal neurons that discriminated between tastes based on palatability. Cells with stronger taste responses typically had weaker spatial responses and taste responses were confined to place cells' firing fields. Hippocampal taste responses emerged later than in other parts of the taste system, suggesting that the hippocampus does not influence taste decisions, but rather associates the hedonic value of tastes consumed within a particular context. This could be one way that animals use past experience to locate food sources.
H19 regulates trophoblastic spheroid adhesion by competitively binding to let-7
Authors: He Dongmei , Zeng Hong , Chen Jingfei , Xiao Lan , Zhao Yuhao , Liu Nenghui
Published: February 2019

Integrin β3 (ITGB3), which is the target gene of the miRNA let-7 that can be antagonized by long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19, is well known to have a critical role in endometrium receptivity. However, the regulation of ITGB3 in cell–cell or cell–extracellular matrix adhesion and invasion for the maintenance of early pregnancy remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of the H19/let-7/ITGB3 axis in regulating trophoblastic spheroid adhesion and in vitro invasion ability using the HTR-8/SVneo cell line and to investigate the expression levels of lncRNA H19 and ITGB3 in human products of conception. The in vitro knockdown of H19 resulted in decreased expression of ITGB3 at the mRNA and protein levels and reduced the adhesion and invasion ability. In the embryonic chorion tissue of spontaneous abortion (SA), the expressions of H19 and ITGB3 at both the mRNA and protein levels decreased. The results of quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, dual-luciferase report gene and functional miRNA let-7 rescue experiments, adhesion assay and in vitro transwell invasion assay confirmed that H19 regulated trophoblastic spheroid adhesion with endometrial stromal cells through the H19/let-7/ITGB3 axis, thereby providing an improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of SA.
The contribution of epididymosomes to the sperm small RNA profile
Authors: Trigg Natalie A , Eamens Andrew L , Nixon Brett
Published: February 2019

It is now well established that mature spermatozoa harbour a rich and diverse profile of small non-protein-coding regulatory RNAs (sRNAs). There is also growing appreciation that this sRNA profile displays considerable plasticity, being altered in response to paternal exposure to a variety of environmental stressors. Coupled with evidence that upon delivery to the oocyte at the moment of fertilisation, sperm-borne sRNAs are able to influence both early embryonic development and the subsequent health of the offspring, there is now interest in both the timing and degree of change in the composition of the sRNA cargo of sperm. Models in which such epigenetic changes are linked to the spermatogenic cycle are seemingly incompatible with the lack of overt phenotypic changes in the spermatozoa of affected males. Rather, there is mounting consensus that such changes are imposed on sperm during their transit and storage within the epididymis, a protracted developmental window that takes place over several weeks. Notably, since spermatozoa are rendered transcriptionally and translationally silent during their development in the testes, it is most likely that the epididymis-documented alterations to the sperm sRNA profile are driven extrinsically, with a leading candidate being epididymosomes: small membrane enclosed extracellular vesicles that encapsulate a complex macromolecular cargo of proteins and RNAs, including the sRNAs. Here, we review the role of epididymosome–sperm communication in contributing to the establishment of the sperm sRNA profile during their epididymal transit.
La pedagogía para la paz y el Programa de Aceleración del Aprendizaje. Estudio de caso: Colegio San Francisco I. E. D., Ciudad Bolívar
Authors: Huertas Díaz Omar , López Gómez Daniela , Fonseca López Lina
Published: February 2019

The Programa de Aceleración del Aprendizaje is part of the flexible education models promoted by the Ministerio de Educación Nacional from the year 2000 to address the problem of school-age extra-curricula in Colombia. This program was assumed by the Colegio San Francisco IED, an institution where the Nullum Crime Sine Lege research group of the Universidad Nacional and the In Ius Vocatio Seedbed of the Universidad La Gran Colombia developed the project “Pedagogía y Paz”, in which an analysis of the program was carried out. The present article aims to present the Programa de Aceleración del Aprendizaje not only as a model that arises with the aim of promoting inclusion, but also as a project that contributes significantly to the execution of a culture of peace, pedagogy for peace and education in human rights in educational institutions.
Implementación del enfoque de género en el Acuerdo Final con las Farc-EP: evolución, desafíos y perspectivas en razón del nuevo periodo presidencial 2018-2022
Authors: Ruiz Herrera Angie Lorena
Published: February 2019

The armed conflict in Colombia has had a differential impact on men and women. This situation is recognized in the Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera achieved with the Farc-EP. However, the ideology that permeates the presidential period 2018-2022 poses a series of obstacles to compliance with the gender approach incorporated in this Agreement. Therefore, this article proposes an analysis of the implementation of the gender approach in light of the prevailing ideology, identifying the obstacles to it. For this, a qualitative methodology is developed, using techniques of documentary research and textual analysis; finding the historical absence of the gender approach in previous processes, the substantial incorporation in the Acuerdo Final and the abandonment and misrepresentation of this perspective in the ideological background and the proposals foreseen for the new presidential term; constituting a worrying return in the guarantee of diversity.
Mendicidad ajena como modalidad del delito de trata de personas. Caso embera-chamí
Authors: Álvarez Laura Melissa , Buitrago Calvo Laura Daniela , Fajardo Guevara Gerson
Published: February 2019

The fight against trafficking in persons as a global problem has become a priority for all countries, given their serious violation and impact on human rights of special protection. Within its modalities of action is the begging of others, in which the person, once placed in unworthy conditions, is obliged to ask for alms in order to obtain a benefit for a third party, which constitutes a mode of labor exploitation to which are more prone to childhood and adolescence, especially of indigenous communities.
Justicia y conflicto infantil
Authors: Martínez Rodríguez Luis Alejandro , Prado Zuluaga Dayan Andrea
Published: February 2019

The article is the product of participation in the research center Justicia y Ciudadanía that was created for the purposes of student participation in the framework of the research project “Nociones sociales que sobre justicia construyen niños y niñas de escuelas públicas de la localidad de Kennedy en Bogotá”.Content is developed in the notions that have to do with justice, conflict and childhood and is projected as a product of the results obtained in the development of the aforementioned project.In this general framework, the problem that arose for the present articles is to know what are the types of school conflict and the strategies that children use to solve them? And the objective was oriented to identify the types of school conflict and the strategies that children use to solve them. For development, the qualitative approach was taken as a source in the sense that it was a research with a high component of subjectivity, given that the social notions that children construct about justice depend on the perceptions, imaginations and even representations that are formed about that concept. The design of the research from the macro project was based on the ethnographic research through which workshops and participatory activities in context allow in situ understanding, that is, in the place to identify them.As it will be seen at the end, the results are obtained in which conflicts were identified, mainly related to conflicts in the family, daily life and social conflicts to which an analysis is made according to the theory to easily understand that boys and girls build as social notions.
Approximate solutions for solving nonlinear variable-order fractional Riccati differential equations
Authors: Doha Eid H. H. , Abdelkawy Mohamed A. A. , Amin Ahmed Z.M. Z.M. , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: February 2019

In this manuscript, we introduce a spectral technique for approximating the variable-order fractional Riccati equation (VO-FRDEs). Firstly, the solution and its space fractional derivatives is expanded as shifted Chebyshev polynomials series. Then we determine the expansion coefficients by reducing the VO-FRDEs and its conditions to a system of algebraic equations. We show the accuracy and applicability of our numerical approach through four numerical examples.
Randomly stopped minima and maxima with exponential-type distributions
Authors: Ragulina Olena , Šiaulys Jonas
Published: February 2019

Let {ξ1, ξ2,...} be a sequence of independent real-valued and possibly nonidentically distributed random variables. Suppose that η is a nonnegative, nondegenerate at 0 and integer-valued random variable, which is independent of {ξ1, ξ2,...}. In this paper, we consider conditions for {ξ1, ξ2,...} and η under which the distributions of the randomly stopped maxima and minima as well as randomly stopped maxima of sums and randomly stopped minima of sums belong to the class of exponential distributions.
Extracción y encapsulación de compuestos fenólicos provenientes de cascarilla de arroz
Authors: Sanchez Molina Deisy , Vargas-Porras Mayra , Ortega-Toro Rodrigo , Piñeros- Castro Yineth
Published: February 2019

En la actualidad, el aprovechamiento de los subproductos agroindustriales es de vital importancia. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue estudiar una alternativa de valorización de la cascarilla de arroz, mediante la extracción y la encapsulación de compuestos fenólicos provenientes de las cascarillas. Este proceso fue llevado a cabo en un reactor batch con agitación mecánica a 453,15 K y 1 MPa durante 1 h, se usó agua como solvente. Se evaluó la micro-encapsulación de los componentes del extracto mediante liofilización usando como material encapsulante maltodextrina en diferentes proporciones.Los extractos acuosos mostraron un pH de 3,7, contenido de compuestos fenólicos de 8,2 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/g de cascarilla, y una actividad antioxidante de 14,6 mg Eq.trolox/g de cascarilla. Mediante análisis de espectroscopía de infrarrojo se identificaron bandas representativas de grupos funcionales presentes en los compuestos fenólicos, reconocidos por su actividad antioxidante. La eficiencia de encapsulación fue de 99,8 % usando 14,3 % de maltodextrina, se obtuvieron cápsulas con 10,08 mg fenoles/g de encapsulado y un tamaño de partícula adecuado para la liberación y retención de los compuestos fenólicos de 63µm. Posteriormente, se estudió la estructura semicristalina de las cápsulas mediante difracción de rayos X. Como conclusión, estas microcápsulas antioxidantes pueden ser adecuadas para su utilización en la industria farmacéutica o de alimentos como componente de envases alimentarios.
Pruebas fisicoquímicas para la evaluación de la calidad de una marca costarricense de tisanas de valeriana
Authors: Mora Román Juan José , Alvarado Fernández María José , Apú Leitón Navilla , Arroyo Solórzano José David , Espeleta González David , Piedra Navarro Hellen , Blanco Barrantes Jeimy
Published: February 2019

La ingesta del té en la población se ha tornado una práctica cotidiana para la administración de sustancias con propiedades farmacológicas, como la valeriana. Los objetivos fueron evaluar algunos aspectos de la calidad fisicoquímica de las tisanas de valeriana de una marca comercializada en Costa Rica a través de diversas pruebas establecidas en el Reglamento Técnico Centroamericano (RTCA) 11.03.56.09 e identificar si dichos aspectos se mantenían para tres lotes del mismo producto. Se llevaron a cabo los siguientes ensayos empleando los procedimientos encontrados en distintos documentos oficiales en Costa Rica (RTCA 11.04.41:06, Farmacopea de los Estados Unidos, Farmacopea Británica, Organización Mundial de la Salud) para tres lotes: pruebas organolépticas, requisitos de etiquetado, identificación, material foráneo, llenado mínimo, pérdida por secado y cenizas totales. Los tres lotes estuvieron conformes para las especificaciones dadas por los ensayos de identificación, material foráneo, llenado mínimo (aunque los valores fueron muy superiores respecto al etiquetado) y pérdida por secado, mientras que se encontraron no conformes para los requisitos de etiquetado (cumplieron 18 de los 23 rubros evaluados). La prueba de sabor fue no conforme para el lote 1 y la de cenizas totales estuvo no conforme para el lote 3. Por ende, existió variabilidad en los resultados entre los distintos lotes para los ensayos de pruebas organolépticas y cenizas totales. Esto demuestra que no existe un control estricto sobre el origen y el proceso de la materia prima empleada para la elaboración de las tisanas, así como del proceso de fabricación del producto final (control en el proceso de llenado) por ser comercializado en el mercado nacional, originando variaciones en el mismo.
Biological susceptibility of earth plasters: The influence of relative humidity on fungal growth
Authors: Sokolová Marie , Ryparová Pavla
Published: February 2019

All building materials can be affected by microbiological agents during their lifecycle. The presence of microorganisms changes the appearance of the surface, degrading it, and they can even cause health problems to the residents. The biological susceptibility is dependent on the content of nutrient based on organic compounds. Thus one of the most susceptible of those materials are earthen construction materials. The degree of fungal growth is influenced by the chemical composition and plant fibres additives as well as the external conditions such as temperature and relative humidity.

The earth plastering mortar has started to gain more attention recently as it is considered to have a low environmental impact and to increase the indoor air quality. Mechanical and physical characteristics of earth materials were studied by a number of authors but the knowledge about the biological resistance of the material is scarce.

This study intends to look into the issue of the biological colonisation of earth plasters depending on the relative humidity. The samples, made of four types of earth plasters with different plant fibres, were placed to an environment of the relative humidity ranging from 33% to 100%. During a period of 4 weeks the extent of fungal growth was observed.
The assessment of the structural changes of fine-grained cement-based composites in the early-age using acoustic testing
Authors: Hoduláková Michaela , Topolář Libor
Published: February 2019

The paper deals with the monitoring of the structural changes of fine-grained cement-based composites in the early-age using acoustic emission method. After mixing, the cement-based materials exhibit continuous time-dependent structural changes which lead to the changes in the mechanical properties due to the chemical and physical processes. The events which are emitted due to the internal structure formation were detected using the acoustic emission techniques. A number of AE events are released due to the formation of new crystalline phases and due to microcracking in the material structure during the setting and hardening. The aim of the performed experiments was to extend the knowledge in the field of the early-age material characteristics and in the field of the internal structure formation of the cement-based materials. The results from temperature measurement show that mixture with microsilica has more slowly raised the internal temperature than mixture without microsilica. The results from acoustic emission measurement show that mixture with microsilica has lower activity of acoustic emission than mixture without microsilica during first six hours from measurement start.
Gas filling in glass system
Authors: Bizoňová Silvia , Bagoňa Miloslav
Published: February 2019

The filler structure is one of the most critical parts of the building's envelope so great emphasis should be placed on its proper design. In addition to the number of panes in the glass system, material of the spacer, the type and the concentration of the filler gas in the cavity between glasses of the insulated system as well as the size of the cavity are also important. The paper focuses on the assessment of the influence of filler gas in the glass system cavity to the energy features of the glass structure. The reason for the assessment is the key influence of the inert gas and the glass cavity dimension on the energy properties of the glass system and the fact that its gradually decreasing concentration greatly affects the properties of the glass system.
Behaviour of timber beam structures with suspended ceiling when exposed to fire
Authors: Rusinová Marie , Kalousek Miloš , Lavický Miloš
Published: February 2019

Wooden structures are the oldest building elements accompanying man since time immemorial. The Czech Republic is strict in its legal and normative regulations relating to the use of wooden building components. In spite of that the Czech construction market is increasingly returning to wooden houses; not only for dwelling purposes, but also for public amenities. However, the structures made of wood as combustible material have to be carefully assessed especially from the viewpoint of fire safety of the building. This paper deals with the fire safety of wooden structures with special regard to the suspended type of ceiling, as it fulfils the role of insulation against the effects of fire. In particular, the thermal stress caused by fire and its impact upon the safety of the building elements has been investigated.
Relationship between river bank stability and hydrological processes using in situ measurement data
Authors: Mentes Gyula
Published: February 2019

Many river banks throughout the world are prone to landslides; therefore, serious efforts are made to develop landslide early warning systems. This study presents a method by which the stability changes of the river banks can be continuously monitored; necessary measures can be taken in time to reduce the damage. The method was tested in Dunaszekcső (Hungary), where the high loess bank of the River Danube has been intensively moving since 2007. The tilts of the high bank were measured by two borehole tiltmeters. The connection between tilt values and the river- and groundwater-level variations was investigated by multivariable and moving window regression analyses on the basis of a 6-year-long observation from 2011 to 2016. The results show that increasing regression coefficients mean decreasing stability of the high river bank, so the developed method can be used for continuous supervision of the high bank stability. The method is also suitable for studying the causes of motion processes. Investigations showed clearly that the effect of groundwater table variations is two orders of magnitude higher than the water-level variations of the River Danube. In addition to the erosion of the river, various small tilts of the stable and unstable parts also contribute to the arising of new cracks in the stable part, decreasing its width.
TANGGAPAN SISWA TERHADAP PENERAPAN METODE MARKET PLACE ACTIVITY HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM MATERI FIQIH POKOK BAHASAN PENGELOLAAN WAKAF
Authors: Burhanudin Undang , Yatmasari Feny
Published: February 2019

Dewasa ini proses pembelajaran lebih mengutakan peserta didik, dan hasil belajar menjadi target ketercapaian dalam pembelajaran. Untuk itu diperlukan berbagai metode aktif yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Dan salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi proses pembelajaran aktif pada siswa di kelas adalah metode pembelajaran market place activity. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah, Pertama untuk mengetahui tanggapan siswa kelas X SMKN 10 Bandung terhadap penerapan metode market place activity, Kedua untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMKN 10 Bandung pada pelajaran PAI Materi Fiqih Pokok Bahasan Pengelolaan Wakaf, Ketiga untuk mengetahui hubungan anatara Tanggapan siswa terhadap penerapan metode market place activity dengan hasil belajar mereka pada pelajaran PAI materi Fiqih pokok bahasan Pengelolaan Wakaf. Pada umumnya penelitian ini bersifat empirik, karena menggunakan metode Deskriptif. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan Observasi, Wawancara, Angket dan Tes soal. Sample yang dimiliki sejumlah 40 Responden dari jumlah Populasi sebesar 117 orang siswa kelas X Tari dan Broadcast SMKN 10 Bandung. Teknik analinis yang digunakan dengan analisis Parsial dan Korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa, Pertama mengenai tanggapan siswa terhadap penerapan metode market place activity diperoleh data pada masing-masing indikator yaitu (3,8+3,9+3,8+3,8+3,9+3,9+3,9+3,8+3,8+3,7): 10 = 3,83 data ini dikualifikasikan Baik, Kedua mengenai hasil belajar pada pelajaran PAI materi Fiqih pokok Bahasan Pengelolaan Wakaf yaitu (89+74,2+88,3+71,8) : 4 = 80,8 data ini dikualifikasikan Sangat Baik. Karenanya variabel x dapat mempengaruhi variabel y sebesar 40% berdasarkan data yang diperoleh.
TANGGAPAN SISWA TERHADAP PENERAPAN STRATEGI KWL (KNOW-WANT TO KNOW-LEARNING) HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA TERHADAP MATA PELAJARAN FIKIH MATERI MAWARIS
Authors: Aisyah Ade , Santika Icmiati
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya pemahaman siswa dalam menangkap materi yang dipelajari, dan kurangnya pengaplikasian hukum waris menurut Islam di masyarakat sedangkan aturan dan tata pelaksanaan sudah jelas dalam al-Qur’an dan hadist. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan antara tanggapan siswa terhadap penerapan strategi KWL dengan pemahaman siswa. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas XI MAS Mathla’ul Huda Manggahang Baleendah Kab. Bandung dengan jumlah sampel 30 siswa. Penelitian ini tergolong pada penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode korelasi. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian digunakan instrumen penelitian berupa Angket, tes, observasi, dan strudi pustaka. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tanggapan siswa terhadap strategi KWL (Know-Want to know-Learning) dengan pemahaman siswa pada mata pelajaran fikih materi mawaris. Hal ini dilihat dari hasil pengujian hipotesis yang di dapatkan thitung 2,23 > ttabel = 2,048 artinya Ha di terima dan Ho di tolak. Sedangkan besarnya pengaruh tanggapan siswa terhadap strategi KWL terhadap pemahaman siswa sebesar 8 %.
PENERAPAN MODEL QUICK ON THE DRAW DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PERMAINAN BINGO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF PAI SISWA
Authors: Erihadiana Mohamad , Lismawati Wulan
Published: February 2019

Berpikir kreatif merupakan masalah penting dalam pembelajaran. Banyak guru di sekolah dasar atau menengah masih kurang memperhatikan kemampuan ini. Dengan mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa guru memperoleh wawasan yang luas tentang potensi dan bakat yang dimiliki siswa-siswinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kreatif PAI siswa melalui model pembelajaran quick on the draw dengan menggunakan media permainan bingo pada siswa kelas VII-D SMPN 1 Cibatu Kab. Garut Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif yang di gunakan peneliti lebih menekankan pada ranah kognitif taksonomi bloom dimensi baru, antara lain: mengingat (remember), memahami (understand), menerapkan (applyze), menganalisis (analyze), mengevaluasi (evaluate), dan menciptakan (create). Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian tindakan yang dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus, dengan tahapan tiap siklus yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar pengamatan aktivitas guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran dan lembar tes berpikir kreatif siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif siswa dengan presentase 72,9 pada siklus I menjadi 77,54 pada siklus II, aktivitas guru juga mengalami peningkatan dari 63,75% pada siklus I menjadi 72,5%. Sedangkan aktivitas siswa meningkat dari 67,5% pada siklus I menjadi 72,8% pada siklus II. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran quick on the draw dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif PAI siswa kelas VII-D SMPN 1 Cibatu Kab. Garut tahun pelajaran 2016/2017.
IMPLEMENTASI KEGIATAN MENTORING KEAGAMAAN DALAM PEMBINAAN KARAKTER ISLAMI
Authors: Romansah Tatang
Published: February 2019

Artikel ini mengungkap implementasi kegiatan mentoring keagamaan di SMA Negeri Cimanggung Kabupaten Sumedang baik dari segi tujuan, proses, evaluasi, hambatan dan kertcapaian dari kegitan mentoring tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukan 1) tujuan mentoring (a) menanamkan dan menumbuhkan karakter siswa; secara praktik; (b) membentuk kepribadian yang baik sesuai dengan al Quran dan As Sunnah, 2) Proses implementasi dilakukan dengan (a) integrasi mata pelajaran PKn, PAI, yang dikembangkan dalam silabus dan RPP; (b) program ditetapkan disekolah; (c) pengembangan karaker Islami melalui program pengembangan diri dan ekstrakurikuler, 3) Evaluasi meliputi program dan hasil belajar, 4) Kendala meliputi (a) komponen sarana, prasarana, keuangan kurangnya pementor, media dan metode; (b) kendala dimensi: waktu dan dan tempat; (c) kurangnya kesadaran siswa dan tidak ada standar criteria pementor, 5) Keberhasilan program mentoring menunjukan adanya rasa bangga menjadi muslim, keseimbangan emosional dan intelektual dan terciptanya ukuwah antara siswa dan guru. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian berikutnya perlu kajian implementasi pendidikan karakter Islami pada jenjang dasar dan tinggi serta kajian yang lebih spesifik pada aspek karakter terentu.
PEMAHAMAN SISWA TERHADAP HADITS TENTANG TOLERANSI HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN SIKAP MEREKA TERHADAP SISWA NON-MUSLIM (Penelitian pada Siswa Kelas XI di SMAN 11 Bandung)
Authors: Mukarom Mukarom
Published: February 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui realitas pemahaman siswa terhadap hadits tentang toleransi; realitas sikap terhadap siswa non muslim; dan realitas hubungan antara pemahaman siswa terhadap hadits tentang toleransi dengan sikap terhadap siswa non muslim. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, karena metode ini dipandang paling cocok untuk menggali, mengungkapkan, serta menganalisis fenomena dan permasalahan yang ada. Teknik yang dilakukan dalam pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan cara tes, angket, wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data, dilakukan dengan pendekatan logika untuk data kualitatif, dan pendekatan statistik untuk data kuantitatif dengan menempuh analisis deskriptif dan analisis korelasi. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pemahaman siswa terhadap hadits tentang toleransi berkualifikasi baik, hal ini terbukti dari skor rata-rata sebesar 77,05, sedangkan sikap terhadap siswa non muslim berkualifikasi cukup, hal ini terbukti dari skor rata-rata sebesar 3,26. Sedangkan hasil perhitungan statistik menunjukkan adanya keterkaitan antara pemahaman siswa terhadap hadits tentang toleransi dengan sikap terhadap siswa non muslim. Hubungan tersebut ditunjukkan dengan adanya koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,41.
Iterative Local Voting for Collective Decision-making in Continuous Spaces
Authors: Garg Nikhil , Kamble Vijay , Goel Ashish , Marn David , Munagala Kamesh
Published: February 2019

Many societal decision problems lie in high-dimensional continuous spaces not amenable to the voting techniques common for their discrete or single-dimensional counterparts. These problems are typically discretized before running an election or decided upon through negotiation by representatives. We propose a algorithm called Iterative Local Voting for collective decision-making in this setting. In this algorithm, voters are sequentially sampled and asked to modify a candidate solution within some local neighborhood of its current value, as defined by a ball in some chosen norm, with the size of the ball shrinking at a specified rate. We first prove the convergence of this algorithm under appropriate choices of neighborhoods to Pareto optimal solutions with desirable fairness properties in certain natural settings: when the voters' utilities can be expressed in terms of some form of distance from their ideal solution, and when these utilities are additively decomposable across dimensions. In many of these cases, we obtain convergence to the societal welfare maximizing solution.We then describe an experiment in which we test our algorithm for the decision of the U.S. Federal Budget on Mechanical Turk with over 2,000 workers, employing neighborhoods defined by various L-Norm balls. We make several observations that inform future implementations of such a procedure.
Effect of surface roughness on sealing performance of silicone rubber
Authors: Wu Jian , Dong Jiyi , Xu Chuncai , Wang Youshan
Published: February 2019

Silicone rubber seals are widely used in the aerospace industry, and the microscopic roughness of the metal surface has a significant effect on sealing performance. In this paper, a sinusoidal profile is used to describe the microscopic topography of the metal surface. Then, a static sealing contact model is developed by the finite-element analysis software Abaqus for analyzing the influence of surface roughness parameters R a and R sm on sealing performance. Results show that the sealing clearance and the maximum contact pressures increase when R a increases. However, the sealing clearance and the maximum contact pressures decrease when R sm increases. With the decrease in R a, the contact ratio increases in the contact interface between rubber and metal surface. When R sm increases, the contact ratio in the contact interface increases. The contact pressure and the stress concentration increase when the surface roughness increases. Thus, it is important to consider the effect of the microscopic roughness in rubber seal design.
Fall-cone testing of unsaturated sand–clay mixtures
Authors: Cabalar Ali Firat , Demir Suleyman
Published: February 2019

This paper presents the results of an intensive series of laboratory fall-cone tests undertaken on mixtures of sand with different grain size/shapes and a low-plasticity clay. The mixtures were prepared with various water contents from a fully dry to a fully saturated condition. The clay was added to two different gradations (0·15–0·30 mm and 1·0–2·0 mm) of clean sand with specific shapes (rounded and angular) at the ratios of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40% by dry weight. The results obtained suggest that penetration depth primarily depends on water content, size/shape of the sand grains and the amount of clay in the mixtures. The relation between penetration depth and water content displays three distinct behaviours in that the penetration depth (a) is relatively large for dry mixtures, (b) decreases with increasing water content, and (c) increases to values approximately 20% larger than those for dry mixtures. Observations revealed that the transition fines content, the boundary between sand-governed and fines-governed behaviour, was mainly affected by intergranular void ratio.
Progressive deformation and mechanical behaviour of intersecting tunnels in soft ground
Authors: Joneidi Mehdi , Golshani Aliakbar , Naeimifar Ibrahim
Published: February 2019

Stress concentrations and large ground deformations are sources of major concern during the construction of tunnel intersections. Such problems are even more critical in urban areas with buildings affected by the induced progressive ground movements. Therefore, particular considerations have to be taken into account for such projects. This paper deals with the effects of the underground openings on primary tunnels (tunnel intersection) using detailed three-dimensional finite-element models on a case study – Hakim tunnel project, Tehran, Iran. The effects of different stages of construction of intersections on stress distribution and ground deformation are evaluated. Moreover, the effective trailing distance of different faces of the tunnel from the centre of the intersection and the effect of tunnel drilling on internal forces of the shotcrete lining are discussed. The results showed that the values of the surface settlement remain almost unchanged at a distance approximately twice the equivalent diameter of the child tunnel from the intersection centreline. Also, the increase in the circumferential bending moments near the intersection is non-significant compared with the changes in the longitudinal bending moment. It was found that the circumferential and longitudinal bending moments next to the intersection can increase by up to 250 and 350%, respectively.
Multivariate simulation modelling for adaptive long-term infrastructure planning
Authors: Havelaar Mark , Jaspers Wouter , van Nederveen Sander , Auping Willem , Wolfert Rogier
Published: February 2019

Infrastructure asset managers are challenged by rapid changes around the world such as urbanisation and climate change. They have to deal with multiple complex and dynamic infrastructure systems that can influence each other and that can be influenced by various uncertain factors. Traditional planning methods are not well suited to complex and dynamic infrastructure environments. However, there are various alternative methods that can be used. This paper presents a simulation model for adaptive long-term infrastructure planning. For this model, a combination of planning and simulation methods is used that can cope with complex and dynamic (infrastructure) environments (i.e. system dynamics, exploratory modelling and analysis and adaptive pathways). This methodology is illustrated with a case consisting of a road system and a lock system in the Netherlands. The approach should be tested further in other cases, but it shows promise in improving the support of infrastructure decision-making in a complex, dynamic and uncertain infrastructure environment.
Nörolojik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerin Kronik Hastalık Bakımına İlişkin Değerlendirmeleri
Authors: ÖZKAN TUNCAY Fatma , KARS FERTELLİ Tülay
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Araştırma nörolojik hastalığı olan bireylerin
kronik hastalık bakımına ilişkin değerlendirmelerini belirlemek amacıyla
yapılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma 245 birey ile
sürdürülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri nöroloji polikliniğine başvuran bireyler
ile Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu ve Kronik Hastalık Bakımını Değerlendirme
Ölçeği kullanılarak, yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile
toplanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde; sayı, yüzdelik hesabı, ortalama hesabı, İndependent Samples T-Test, One Way Anova
Testi ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi .05 olarak
kabul edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Örneklem grubunun Kronik Hastalık Bakımını Değerlendirme Ölçek toplam puan
ortalaması 2.52±0.722dir. Ölçek alt
boyutlarından alınan en yüksek puanının karar verme (2.73±0.92), en düşük
puanın ise izlem/koordinasyon boyutuna (2.17±0.88) ait olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Nörolojik
hastalığı olan bireylerin kronik
hastalık bakımından memnuniyetleri orta düzeydedir. Bireyler kronik bakım
sürecinde karar vermelerinin desteklenmesi yönünden memnun, ancak hastalığın
izlem/koordinasyonu yönünden  yeterince
memnun olmadıkları sonucuna varılmıştır.
Treatment of Femur Diaphysis Fractures in Elderly Adults By Using Intramedulary Locked Nails
Authors: Yıldırım Azad , Atıc Ramazan
Published: February 2019

Aim: To
report the outcome of midterm femoral diaphysis fractures operated with
intramedulary locked    nail in elderly
34  patients. Methods: This  study   included 19 women and 15 men, mean age 71,2
years, who suffered a fracture of the femoral diaphysis due to a fall at home
(n:30 ), a traffic accident (n:3) or a high-energy fall (n:1).The  fractures were  graded 
according to the  AO/OTA classification.  A 1 
was present  in 9,  A 2  in  12,  A
3 in  6 , B 1 in 4, B2  in  2
and C2 in 1 patient . The   Singh  index 
was used  to  determine the 
osteopenia.  Mean follow up was
29,12 months (8-41 Month).   Mean delay
to surgery was 1.9 days (?nterval 1-5).Results: Three   cases  had phlebitis 
and   superficial skin infection
occurred in  5  cases. One 
implant   failure  was seen.  
Bone  union  was 
achieved  in 1,4-6,06 month (mean
3 month).  Clinical   outcome 
in  12th  month 
was  available  for 
32  living  patients: Five  were 
able to walk without  assistance,
17 used  a cane, 11 required  crutches 
and  1 was  bedridden. Mean hospitilisation was  5 days (interval 3-8 day).  Eighteen 
of  the  34 
patients  returned  to 
their preoperative  level  of 
ambulation.

Conclusions: The locking nail
appears to be a more effective method of managing femoral shaft fractures in
the elderly patient despite the difficulty in reduction, comorbidity , poor
bone quality, osteoporosis and 
especially enlarged medulla according to normal size.
ORİJİNAL ÇALIŞMA: VENTRAL HERNİ ONARIMINDA POLİPROPİLEN VE SİLİKON KAPLI POLİPROPİLEN MESHİN RAT MODELİNDE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Ünal Yılmaz , Demirel Arif Hakan , Küçük Berkay , Tuncal Salih , Çaydere Muzaffer
Published: February 2019

AMAÇ:
Bu çalışma ventral herni tamirinde polipropilen bir yama ile silikon tabaka ve
silikon kaplı polipropilen yamanın etkinliğini karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.

GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM:
Toplam 45 Wistar Albino rat 3 eşit gruba ayrıldı(polipropilen yama grubu, silikon
tabaka grubu ve silikon kaplı polipropilen yama grubu). Tüm ratlara 3 cm’lik
orta hat insizyonu yapılarak abdominal defekt oluşturuldu. Defektler
polipropilen yama, silikon tabaka ve silikon kaplı polipropilen yama ile
onarıldı. Yamalar doğrudan intraabdominal organlar üzerine yerleştirildi. Tüm
ratlar postoperatif 28.günde sakrifiye edildi. İntraabdominal yapışıklıklar
değerlendirildi ve dokuların kopma kuvvetleri ölçüldü. Histopatolojik
değerlendirme için doku örnekleri alındı.

BULGULAR:
Silikon kaplı polipropilen yama grubunda ortalama adezyon skoru, polipropilen
yama ve silikon tabaka grubundaki ortalama adezyon skorundan anlamlı olarak
daha düşük bulundu. Silikon tabaka grubunda yaranın histopatolojik maturasyon
derecesi diğer iki gruptan anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü. Yama materyallerinin
kopma kuvvetleri karşılaştırıldığında; polipropilen yama grubundaki kopma
kuvvetleri diğer iki gruptaki kopma kuvvetlerinden anlamlı olarak daha yüksek
tespit edildi.

SONUÇ:
Ventral herni tamirinde silikon kaplı bir polipropilen yamanın kullanımı yama
ve bağırsaklar arasında yapışıklığa sebep olmadı ve yama ile omental yapılar
arasındaki yapışıklıkları da azalttı.
Annelerin Doğum Sonrası Depresif Duygusal Bozukluklar Açısından Değerlendirilmesi ve Emzirme Üzerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: EROL Sara , ALTUNTAŞ Nilgün
Published: February 2019

Amaç: Doğum sonrası süreçte annelerde gözlenen depresif duygu-durum değişiklikleri anne, bebek ve toplum sağlığı bakımından önemlidir. Postpartum depresyon için geliştirilen tarama testlerinin klinik kullanımları hastalığın önlenmesi, hasta bireylerin erken tanınması ve tedavi edilmesinin sağlanması için önerilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile annelerde postpartum depresif duygusal bozukluklar üzerine etki eden risk faktörlerini ve depresif duygusal bozuklukların emzirme üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmek amaçlanmaktadır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya Nisan 2018- Ekim 2018 tarihleri arasında hastanemizde doğum yapan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden anneler ve bebekleri dahil edildi. Bu çalışma için yerel etik komiteden onay alındı. Çalışmaya katılan annelerin yaşları, gebelik ve doğum sayıları, doğum şekilleri, maddi durumları, eğitim düzeyleri, eş destekleri, bebeklerinin cinsiyetleri, doğum ağırlıkları ve gestasyon haftaları, bebeklerin başvuru sırasındaki vücut ağırlıkları,  beslenme şekilleri ve hastane yatışlarının olup olmadığı kaydedildi. Tüm annelere EPDS testi ile postpartum depresyon taraması yapıldı.Sonuçlar: Çalışmaya 100 anne- bebek çifti katıldı. Annelerin yaşları median 29 ( 19-39)  ve çalışmada spontan vajinal doğum oranı % 48 idi.  Bebeklerin oğum ağırlıkları median 3300 gr ( 1700 gr – 4500 gr), gestasyon haftaları  median 38 hafta ( 34 hafta-41 hafta) idi. EPDS skorunun 10’un üzerinde olması ile anne yaşının büyük olması, anne sütüne ek olarak mama verilmesi, gebelikte kayıp öyküsünün olması ve bebeğin hastanede yatışının olması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif ilişki saptandı. EPDS skoru 10’un altında olan 58 annenin 48’inin (%82,7) bebeklerini sadece anne sütü ile beslediği, EPDS puanı 10 ve üzerinde olan 42 annenin 27’sinin ( %64,2) bebeklerini sadece anne sütü ile beslediği saptandı. Bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu ( p= 0,035). Tartışma: Postpartum depresyon açısından risk taşıyan bireylerin önceden belirlenmesi, bu anneler için psikososyal desteğin daha erken ve güçlü verilmesi bakımından önemlidir. Postpartum depresyon gelişimin önlenmesi bebeklerin anne sütü ile beslenme oranlarını artıracaktır.
Der Digitale Zwilling in der Prozessindustrie
Authors: Schüller Andreas , Modersohn Arne , Kawohl Marcel , Wrede Jannik
Published: February 2019

Der Begriff Digitaler Zwilling ist in vieler Munde. Dennoch sind in der Prozessindustrie viele Kollegen skeptisch, ob sich der Digitale Zwilling durchsetzen wird. Diese Skepsis hat verschiedene Ursachen. Eine liegt im großen Aufwand der Synchronisierung von Prozessanlage und Digitalem Zwilling über den gesamtenLebenszyklus hinweg. In diesem Beitrag wird der Nutzen von Informationsmodellen zur Sicherstellung der Konsistenz von Anlage und digitalem Abbild skizziert. Informationsmodelle ermöglichen eine konsistente Anlagendokumentation über den Lebenszyklus der Anlage. Dies stellt eine bessere Ausgangssituation für Simulationen, Optimierungen, Erweiterungen oder Neuplanungen dar. Durch die Integration von Planungs-, Live- und historischer Daten ist eine vorbeugende Wartung und Instandhaltung möglich. Zudem hat das Instandhaltungspersonal alle benötigten Informationen an einer Stelle inklusive Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitungen der auszuführenden Prüf- und Wartungspläne vorliegen.
Orman yangınının ve yangın sonrası boşaltma kesimlerinin toprak özelliklerine etkisi
Authors: KAPTANOĞLU Aliye Sepken , NAMLI Ayten
Published: February 2019

Bu
çalışmada, orman yangının biyokimyasal toprak özellikleri üzerindeki
etkilerinin ve yanan ağaçların kesilerek sahadan uzaklaştırılmasının toprağa
etkilerinin gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Karadeniz ve İç Anadolu bölgeleri
arasında geçit kuşağında yer alan Safranbolu’da (Karabük) yangından sonra tüylü
meşe (Quercus pubescens) ve karaçam (Pinus nigra) karışık meşceresi
topraklarında kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikler çalışılmıştır. Üç yıl izlenen
yanmış (enkazı üzerinde bırakılan, boşaltma kesimleri yapılmış) ve yanmamış
orman (kontrol) sahaları için istatistiksel değerlendirme çift yönlü varyans
analizine göre, gruplar arası karşılaştırma ise Duncan ve Dunnett T3 post hoc
testleri uygulanarak SPSS 21 ile yapılmıştır.Sonuçlar,
düşük ve orta şiddetli orman yangınının toprakta bazı kimyasal özellikleri
olumlu etkilediğini (pH, CaCO3, Ca, P2O5),
bazılarını etkilemediğini (EC, OM, TN, asit fosfataz), bazılarını ise olumsuz
etkilediğini (β-D glikosidaz, üreaz enzim aktiviteleri) göstermiştir.İncelenen
parametreler ışığında, düşük ve orta şiddetli yangın sonrası bu ormanda yapılan
boşaltma çalışmalarının ise toprak özelliklerinin iyileşmesine olumsuz bir
etkisi tespit edilmemiştir.
İbreli tomrukların traktörle kablo çekimi ile bölmeden çıkarılmasında birim zaman analizi
Authors: ŞAFAK İsmail , EKER Mehmet , ERDEM Mahir , TURAN İlhami
Published: February 2019

Odun ham maddesi üretimi birim fiyatlarının hassas şekilde hesaplanması, üretim birim zamanlarının doğruluğuna bağlıdır. Günümüzde üretim birim zamanları, iş-zaman etütleriyle elde edilen bazı değişkenlere bağlı olarak türetilmiş katsayıların kullanılmasıyla belirlenmektedir. Bu makale, bölmeden çıkarma tekniklerinden biri olan traktörle kablolu çekim işlerine ait birim zamanların belirlenmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmada kızılçam, karaçam, göknar ve sarıçam ağaç türlerinden elde edilen odun ham maddesinin traktöre bağlı kablo ile zeminde çekilerek bölmeden çıkarılması işlemi için çeşitli değişkenler dikkate alınarak iş-zaman analizleri yapılmıştır. Veriler, Adana, Bolu ve Kastamonu Orman Bölge Müdürlüklerinin programlı üretim sahalarından doğrudan zaman ölçme yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, tomrukların kablo çekimi ile bölmeden çıkarılmasında; parça sayısı, kablo uzunluğu, güzergâh eğimi ve yük miktarı değişkenleri dikkate alınarak metreküp başına insan çalışma zamanı ile makine çalışma zamanı ağaç türü bazında ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. Nitekim kablo uzunluğunun 100 metre, güzergâh eğiminin %50 ve çekilen parça sayısının 5 adet olduğu bir ibreli traktörle kablolu çekim işleminde metreküp başına insan çalışma zamanı 21,26 dk/100, makine çalışma zamanı 17,60 dk/100 olarak saptanmıştır.