bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ecological analysis of infectious diseases, healthcare access, and socioeconomic factors on stunting prevalence in West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Rinjani El Zenitia Villa , Briawan Dodik , Kustiyah Lilik
Published: February 2025

Stunting is a condition of growth failure characterized by height below the expected standard for their age. The prevalence of stunting in West Sumatra has fluctuated above 20% between 2021 and 2023, highlighting its status as a public health issue. Unaddressed stunting in early childhood can adversely affect learning capacity and elevate the risk of non-communicable diseases later in life. This ecological study analyzes factors associated with stunting prevalence in West Sumatra using secondary data from 2021 sourced from the Health Office, Social Office, Central Bureau of Statistics, and the National Population and Family Planning Board across 19 districts/cities. The dependent variable was stunting prevalence, while the independent variables included acute respiratory infections (ARI), vitamin A supplementation, antenatal care (ANC), family planning, poverty, families at risk of stunting, and Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) beneficiaries. Statistical analyses using Pearson and Spearman tests identified significant positive associations between stunting prevalence and ARI percentage (p=0,020), poverty level (p=0,023), and CCT beneficiaries (p=0,028). Conversely, ANC coverage showed a significant negative association with the prevalence of stunting (p=0,021). In conclusion, the prevalence of stunting in West Sumatra in 2021 is influenced by various factors, including ARI, poverty levels, PKH beneficiaries, and ANC coverage.
Formulation of cambete biscuits high in energy and protein as a snack for children with tuberculosis (TB)
Authors: Ngadiarti Iskari , Muntikah Muntikah , Putri Bintang Rizkia , Nixon Aurasyifa Salsabila , Khaerunissa Sherlita Jasmine
Published: February 2025

Tuberculosis (TB), particularly in children, often leads to undernutrition owing to increased metabolic demands and reduced food intake. This study aimed to evaluate the organoleptic characteristics, acceptability, and nutritional quality of cambete biscuits made from a mixture of eel and tempe flours at different concentrations. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatment factors and three replications (2,5%, 3,7%, and 5% substitutions of eel and tempe flour), which took place in Jakarta Health Polytechnic II from April to June 2024. The biscuits were assessed using sensory (organoleptic) and hedonic tests by moderately trained panelists. Proximate analysis was performed to determine nutrient content. Data were analyzed using the Friedman test. The results showed no significant differences in color (P =0,101), aroma (P =0,410), taste (P =0,306), or texture (P =0,598) among the different flour formulations. One serving (46 g, 2 biscuits) of Cambete biscuits provides 212,14 kcal of energy, 3,88 g of protein, and is favored by 63,4% of panelists. In conclusion, this product has potential as a complementary food for children with TB owing to its high energy content and the use of locally available ingredients.
Evaluasi fisikokimia dan tingkat kesukaan chips mocaf dan kacang merah sebagai makanan selingan untuk penderita anemia
Authors: Heryanti Meifitri , Prayoga Putu Riska , Yustita Silvia Anggun , Haq Hudiya Arini , Rahmi Yosfi , Restyani Ida , Istifiani Lola Ayu
Published: February 2025

Background: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent females in Indonesia grew from 22.7% in 2013 to 32% in 2018. Anemia is frequently caused by an iron deficiency. Efforts that can be made include eating iron-rich foods like mocaf and red bean.Objectives: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the physicochemical properties and level of preference for chips made from mocaf flour and red bean flour as a snack for anemia. Methods: This study used a real experimental design with a completely random design. This research was carried out from August 2023 to December 2023. There were 4 treatment groups with 3 repetitions with the ratio (mocaf flour: red bean flour), namely P0 (100%:0%), P1 (40%:60%), P2 (50%:50%), and P3 (60%:40%). Physicochemical property testing was carried out at the Food Safety and Quality Testing Laboratory, and the level of preference test was carried out at the Dietetics and Culinary Laboratory, Brawijaya University. Statistical analysis used the parametric One-Way ANOVA or One Way ANOVA Welch test with post hoc Bonferroni or Games-Howell and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Mann WhitneyResults: There were significant differences (p<0.05) in physicochemical evaluation such as protein, energy, water content, ash content, iron content, hardness, breaking strength, and level of preference parameters such as color, taste, aroma, and overall appearance. Apart from that, there were no statistical differences in fat, carbohydrate, or texture levels (p>0.05).Conclusion: The addition of mocaf flour and red bean flour has a significant effect on the physicochemical evaluation, especially on parameters such as protein, energy, water content, ash content, iron content, hardness, breaking strength and the level of preference for color, taste, aroma and overall appearance.
Analisis faktor ASI eksklusif, sanitasi dan pasokan air serta sistem pelayanan kesehatan sebagai penyebab terjadinya stunting di Kota Langsa
Authors: Emilda AS Emilda AS , Juliastuti Juliastuti , Dewi Silfia , Sari Hrp Lili Kartika
Published: February 2025

Background: The nutritional problem of children under five is still high (Stunting) in Langsa City. The prevalence of stunting in Aceh in babies under two years old (baduta) is 37.9%, while the national prevalence is 30.8%, which means 4 out of 10 babies suffer from stunting. Stunting can be caused by various factors, including direct factors such as family and household factors, adequate additional/complementary food, breastfeeding and infections. Indirect factors such as political economy, health and health services, education, society and culture, agricultural and food systems as well as water, sanitation and the environment.Objectives: Analysis of exclusive breastfeeding, sanitation and water supply and the health service system causing stunting in Langsa City.Methods: Design quantitative, with a sequential cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in Langsa City in 2021 and samples were taken using the total sampling method of 50 respondents according to the data in the Langsa City Health Service e-PPGBM electronic application. The instrument used is a questionnaire, analysis uses the Chi – Square test.Results: Research results from 50 respondents based on stunting problem factors showed the variable exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.015). Variables sanitation and clean water supply (p= 0.005), health service system (p= 0.006).Conclusion: From the results of the research, there is a close relationship between the direct causes and indirect causes of the occurrence of nutritional/stunting problems in the Langsa City Health Service Work Area in 2021, especially the three variables (exclusive breastfeeding, health service system, and sanitation and water supply).
Formulasi minuman sinbiotik dengan okara (Glycine max) dan probiotik Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Dad-13
Authors: Suplig Angelina Christine , Agung Yogeswara Ida Bagus , Kusumaningsih Purwaningtyas , Puspaningrum Dylla Hanggaeni Dyah
Published: February 2025

Background: Okara is the byproduct of soymilk production process. Okara contains high nutritional value and considered as a source of oligosaccharide. Oligosaccharide in okara will stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria and thus showed prebiotic effect. The underutilization of goat milk can be used as a carrier for probiotic bacteria as well as to develop sinbiotic functional foods.Objective: This study aims to determine the formulation of fermented goat's milk with the addition of okara (glycine max) as a synbiotic drink to obtain dietary fibre, amino acid profiles as well as microbiology and sensory profiles.Methods: Randomized complete designed were used in this study with 5 formulations with the addition of okara. The study was conducted in Laboratorium Sains Dasar Universitas Dhyana Pura in July of 2023. The okara was obtained at local tofu producer in Denpasar, whereas goat milk was obtained from milk distributor located in Denpasar. The populations of this study were okara and goat milk that already thoroughly cleaned and pasteurised. Data collection was performed in the laboratory and all data were analyzed using Anova and Duncan with significant levels of 95%.Results: The study showed that the addition of 5% okara (F4) (Glycine max) was the most prefarable symbiotic drink. Based on proximate analysis, the F4 contained water 88.58%, fat 1.11%, protein 2.17%, carbohydrate 7.656%, total LAB 5.05 x 108 CFU/ mL, essential amino acids, and 2.19% dietary fiber. Based on sensory tests, formulation 1 (0%) and formulation 4 (5%) had overall significant differences.Conclusion: The addition of okara 5% with goat's milk can be used as a synbiotic drink. The formulation with the addition of 0% okara and 5% okara have overall significant differences in terms of taste, texture, aroma and also color.
Formulasi body scrub alami berbahan sari labu kuning dan ampas kelapa sebagai eksfolian
Authors: Irwani Maria , Maghfiranda Wurul , Sari Amelia , Silviana Ernita , Burdah Burdah
Published: February 2025

Background: Pumpkin juice and coconut pulp are natural ingredients that have potential as body scrubs. Pumpkin is known to be rich in antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene, which play an important role in protecting the skin from UV damage. Coconut pulp functions as a natural exfoliant that can remove dead skin cells, scrape off the outermost layer of dry and rough skin, and moisturize the skin. The use of these natural ingredients in making body scrubs aims to develop skin care products made from natural ingredients.Objective: This study aims to formulate pumpkin juice (Curcubita moschata) and coconut pulp (Cocos nucifera L.) into a body scrub preparation and evaluate the physical characteristics of the preparation.Methods: Experimental research was conducted at the Unsyiah Herbarium Laboratory and the Pharmaceutics Laboratory of the Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh from February to April 2023. Evaluation of the preparation includes organoleptic test, homogeneity, spreadability, emulsion type, irritation, liking test, and pH measurement. Data analysis was carried out descriptively.Results: The results showed that the formulated body scrub preparation had a semi-solid shape, yellow color, distinctive aroma of pumpkin juice and coconut pulp, and good homogeneity. The pH of the preparation was in accordance with SNI standards (pH 6.1-6.2), the spreadability met the requirements (5.5 cm), and the type of emulsion formed was oil in water. All preparations did not cause skin irritation, and the formula most preferred by respondents was F3 (20% pumpkin juice and 15% coconut pulp).Conclusion: The combination of pumpkin juice and coconut pulp can be used as a natural exfoliant in body scrub cream.
Dampak serat terhadap produksi asam lemak rantai pendek pada penderita penyakit crohn
Authors: Aisah Nabila Noor , Octaria Yessi Crosita
Published: February 2025

Background: Crohn's disease patients experience dysbiosis or an imbalance in the composition of microbes in the gut, in contrast to individuals who do not have Crohn's disease. The intestinal immune system has a very important role in Crohn's disease. Pathogenesis can be understood from the immune system by knowing the gut microbiota. Short-chain fatty acids are anti-inflammatory substances produced from the breakdown of soluble fiber in the intestines by certain microbiota species.Objective: The purpose of this literature is to determine the effect of fiber on short-chain fatty acids and to form the gut microbiota of humans with Crohn's disease.Methods: Systematic searches were conducted on Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. Randomised controlled trials evaluating the role of fibre were sought between 2020-2024 to determine the application of fibre therapies and interventions to patients with Crohm's disease (age is not restricted).Results: This literature study revealed that fiber may affect the composition of gut microbiota diversity in patients with Crohn's disease. Fiber increases the gut microbiota and produces short-chain fatty acids, especially increasing Firmicutes, Bifidobacteria, and Roseburia bacteria in Crohn's disease patients. In intestinal cells, short-chain fatty acids undergo cell proliferation, cell differentiation and gene expression. Short-chain fatty acids function as ligands that pair with G-proteins (GPCRs), including GPR41, GPR43 so that they activate the anti-inflammatory signal cascade.Conclusion: A wide variety of fermented fibers are able to produce the diversity of the intestinal microbiota of Crohn's disease patients and produce short-chain fatty acid molecules that can activate anti-inflammatory signals. Therefore, fiber as a prebiotic is very beneficial in maintaining the intestinal immune system in Crohn's disease patients.
Literature Review: peran vitamin D terhadap inflamasi pada kejadian sindrom ovarium polikistik (SOPK)
Authors: Irawati Tri , Octaria Yessi Crosita
Published: February 2025

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting 5-18% of women of reproductive age, with a high prevalence in Europe and 1,8-15% in Indonesia. PCOS is often associated with chronic inflammation and vitamin D deficiency, which can exacerbate symptoms and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease due to the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D.Objectives: To determine the role and most effective dosage of vitamin D in reducing inflammatory markers through a literature review. Methods: The methodology employed is a Systematic Literature Review using the PRISMA method. A search in the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases yielded 1,046 articles, of which 7 RCT articles were selected for analysis. The selected articles investigate the effects of vitamin D on inflammation in PCOS, with a total population of 434 participants, published between 2019 and 2024, and were deemed suitable using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal method. Results: Out of seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), five showed that vitamin D supplementation reduced levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as hs-CRP in patients with PCOS. Results varied depending on the dosage, but two specific dosages of vitamin D supplementation 4,000 IU and 50,000 IU showed potential as adjunctive therapy for managing PCOS. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation is effective in reducing inflammation in PCOS and has potential as a beneficial adjunctive therapy with positive implications for the long-term health of patients. Dosages of 4,000 IU per day and 50,000 IU every two weeks have been proven effective in reducing PCOS-related inflammation. However, due to the limited number of studies reviewed, the most effective combination of micronutrients to be used alongside vitamin D has yet to be determined.KeywordsInflammation, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome,  vitamin D
Literatur Review RCTs: Pengaruh probiotik terhadap sistem kekebalan tubuh pada pasien penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan
Authors: Ghazalah Dhiya Agis , Fauziyah A'immatul
Published: February 2025

Background: Probiotics are bacteria that can be immunomodulators and interact with the body's immune system. There is a lack of information regarding the relationship between probiotics and the immune system in individuals who experience illness, especially respiratory infections.Objectives: This article complements the current information contained in several journals about the relationship between probiotics and the immune system in patients with respiratory tract infections.Methods: This descriptive study used a systematic literature review method and was conducted from February to May 2024. Literature from publication years 2014–2024 was obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and ScienceDirect. Data collection and analysis used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 71 articles were collected and selected in stages based on predetermined inclusion criteria. Four articles were successfully selected and then analyzed to find similarities, differences, and perspectives. The data was presented in the form of an extraction table for the population of all age ranges who experienced respiratory infectious diseases. The samples taken were those experiencing respiratory infectious diseases and taking probiotics.Results: Probiotics affect the immune system in patients with respiratory infections by increasing the size and number of plasma cells that produce immunoglobulin-A (IgA) and T cells..Conclusion: Probiotics affect the immune system of infectious disease patients by modulating the innate immune system as well as their antiviral properties. This is in line with previous research information where probiotics are effective in reducing the effects of respiratory infections and improving the immune system.KeywordsRespiratory Infectious Diseases, Probiotics, and the Immune System
Literature review dari randomized controlled trials (RCTs): Pengaruh prebiotik terhadap sistem kekebalan usus penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2
Authors: Permatasari Tiara , Fauziyah A'immatul
Published: February 2025

Background: The gut microbiome, plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. An imbalance in the microbiome (dysbiosis) can lead to various health issues, including type 2 diabetes. Prebiotics, as nutrients for gut microflora, have the potential to reduce dysbiosis and enhance gut immunity in type 2 diabetes patients. However, there is still limited research on the effects of prebiotics on gut immunity in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Objectives: To asses the effect of prebiotics on the gut immune system in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA method, including full-text RCT articles from 2014-2024. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, MDPI, and Elsevier.Results: Studies show prebiotics significantly influence gut microbiota composition, especially increasing Bifidobacterium in type 2 diabetes patients, though overall diversity remained unchanged due to short study durations.Conclusion: Prebiotics enhance gut microbiota, particularly Bifidobacterium, in type 2 diabetes patients. This increase, along with the production of SCFAs, plays a role in lowering gut pH, supporting the growth of beneficial bacteria, and inhibiting pathogens. These findings suggest the potential of prebiotics as part of type 2 diabetes management; however, further research is needed to confirm their clinical application. Healthcare institutions are encouraged to develop educational programs emphasizing the importance of gut microbiota and the role of prebiotics in the health of type 2 diabetes patients.
Hubungan kejadian tindakan tidak aman (unsafe action) dengan penerapan program Behavior Based Safety (BBS) pekerja
Authors: Maharani Laisa
Published: February 2025

Background:  Behavior Based Safety (BBS) is an effective tool to reduce work accidents. A proactive approach that focuses on At Risk Behavior is a prevention effort through Unsafe Action behavior that is likely to cause work accidents. The implementation of the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program affects the high behavior of Unsafe Action.Purpose:  The study aims to determine the relationship of Unsafe Action with the implementation of the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program in the engineering department of PT Bernofarm.Methods:  Quantitative research using Cross Sectional research methods. The population of this study were 58 people. Determination using purposive random sampling so that the research sample was 50 people. The research was conducted in May-June 2024 in the engineering department of PT Bernofarm. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test.Results:  The results show that the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program in the engineering department of PT Bernofarm has been implemented. However, the lack of maximum application can lead to worker behavior Unsafe Action Events. The proportion of unsafe actions is high in the implementation of the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program is low, the proportion of unsafe actions is high in the implementation of the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program is high, while the occurrence of unsafe actions is low in the implementation of the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program is low. Sig value. 0,000 <0,05, which means that there is a relationship between unsafe actions and the implementation of the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program for PT Bernofarm workers.Conclusion: there is a relationship between Unsafe Action incidents and the implementation of the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program in the engineering department of PT. Bernofarm. KeywordsUnsafe Action, Behavior-Based Safety, Worker, Unsafe Action
Studi komparatif kadar total flavonoid pada ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat dan etanol daun mangkokan (Polyscias scutellaria) menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis
Authors: Safrina Safrina , Haliza Yosie
Published: February 2025

Background: Mangkokan leaves (Polyscias scutellaria) are a plant with a million benefits from its extraordinary flavonoid content. Flavonoids are a group of compounds that are attracting attention because of their broad potential health benefits and applications in various fields, including nutrition, pharmaceuticals, and medicine.Objectives: Determine the total flavonoid content of mangkokan leaf extract using n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol as solvents.Methods: This is an experimental laboratory study by determining the total flavonoid content of mangkokan leaf extract (Polyscias scutellaria) based on differences in solvent polarity using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and comparing its flavonoid content with the ANOVA comparison test. The research was conducted at the Biology Biostatics Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, the Biology Laboratory of the Aceh Ministry of Health Polytechnic, the Chemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, and the Pharmacy Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, from December 1, 2023, to March 31, 2024. A sample of 1,5 kg of mangkokan leaves was obtained from Reuloh, Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar Regency. The analysis carried out on the sample was phytochemical analysis and flavonoid content using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using the one-way ANOVA method.Results: The best results for determining the total flavonoid content of mangkokan leaves were given by the ethyl acetate extract solvent, namely 25,112 mgQE/g, followed by n-Hexane extract at 22,335 mgQE/g and 70% ethanol extract at 14,285 mgQE/g. The ANOVA test results showed that differences in solvents influenced the total flavonoid content of mangkokan leaf extract with a P value =0,00.Conclusion: The total flavonoid content of mangkokan leaf extract using an ethyl acetate solvent was higher compared to ethanol and n-Hexane solvents.KeywordsMangkokan leaves (Polyscias scutellaria), flavonoids, N-Hexane, ethyl acetate, Ethanol
Efektivitas ekstrak daging buah pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) terhadap histopatologi hati pada tikus hiperglikemia
Authors: Nur Amran , Nur Safitri Hasda , S. Somadayo Nur Asma , Rajih Muhammad Fakhrur
Published: February 2025

Background: Hyperglycemia can occur due to insulin resistance, which affects the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids in the liver, which will ultimately cause cirrhosis, steatohepatitis, liver cancer, and other liver disorders.Objectives: To determine the effect of administering nutmeg pulp extract (Myristica fragrans H.) on the histopathological picture of the liver of hyperglycemic mice induced by high carbohydrate feed.Methods: The research was carried out using an experimental method using 25 white rats (Rattus norvegicus) of the Wistar strain, which were divided into five groups, K- (NaCMC 1%), K+ (Metformin), P1-P3 respectively Nutmeg extract 100mg/kgBW, 200mg/kgBB, 300mg/kgBB). The entire group was given high carbohydrate feed for 30 days, then extract and Metformin for seven days. On the 36th day, the liver was removed, and histopathology preparations were made. The main research outcome parameters include initial blood sugar levels before induction (T0), final day blood sugar levels (T30), blood sugar levels on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after sample administration, liver weight, and liver severity score. The data obtained were analyzed using Oneway-Anova with a significance of 0.05, and LSD as a further testResults: The K+, P1, and P3 groups showed a significant reduction in sugar compared to the control group (p<0.05), but all groups did not show an improvement in liver histopathology with damage scores in the mild to severe damage category.Conclusion: Nutmeg pulp extract at doses of 100mg/kgBB, 200mg/kgBB, and 300mg/kgBB showed effectiveness in reducing blood sugar in hyperglycemic white mice but could not show optimal improvement in liver cell damage.Keywords:Diabetes mellitus, Histopatology, Liver, Myristica fragrans, Nutmeg Flesh.
Evaluasi implementasi program rumah keluarga sekar kasih dalam perbaikan status gizi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sekaran
Authors: Bila Syifa Salsa , Mardiana Mardiana
Published: February 2025

Background: Rumah Keluarga Sekar Kasih has completed the care of 8 toddlers from March 3, 2023, to September 1, 2023. After three months of completion of care, assistance was carried out. It was found that the nutritional status of toddlers based on WAZ was 37.5% underweight and 62.5% normal weight, according to HAZ as much as 62.5% stunting and 37.5% normal, and according to WHZ found 12.5% wasting and 87.5% normal.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the Rumah Keluarga Sekar Kasih program in improving nutritional status in the Sekaran Public Health Centre.Methods: This type of research is qualitative evaluation research with the CIPP method (context, input, process, product). Sampling by purposive sampling and snowball sampling, with a total of 12 informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and literature study. The study was conducted in March 2024 in the Sekaran Public Health Centre.Results: The study results indicate that the program implementation has been generally successful, but there are areas that could be improved. These include limited supporting facilities, closed attitudes of some toddlers' families, and a lack of training for program implementers. The program's achievements from March 3, 2023, to March 3, 2024, include 13 toddlers completing treatment. Most underweight toddlers (76.9%) improved their nutritional status, while all toddlers with wasting improved nutrition, and the nutritional status of stunting toddlers did not show significant improvement.Conclusion: This study concludes that the Rumah Keluarga Sekar Kasih program needs improvement.
Gambaran nilai laktat, ScvO2, dan PvaCO2 GAP pada pasien sepsis di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Adam Malik Medan
Authors: Siregar Muhammad Arif , Hanafie Achsanuddin , Irina Rr Sinta
Published: February 2025

Background: We need a prognostic predictive value in sepsis and septic shock patients to determine the aggressiveness of the therapy we will choose. We use various methods to predict patient mortality. To assess tissue perfusion disorders, we need markers. Lactate, SvO2, and PvaCO2 gaps are commonly used as early biomarkers to assess tissue perfusion and cellular oxygenation.Objectives: To describe the value of lactate, ScvO2, and PvaCO2 gap in septic patients.Methods: This study is an analytical descriptive study that examines the lactate value, ScvO2, and PvaCO2 gap in 40 patients diagnosed with sepsis. We conducted the study in the emergency room (IGD) of the Hajj Adam Malik Hospital in MedanWe began by gathering information from research samples that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, providing explanations to the families of patients involved in the study, obtaining blood samples, and conducting data analysis. We used ultranonography to collect blood from the central vein. The SPSS application carried out data analysis using univariate tests.Results: In this study, the lactate values were found in the normal range with an average of 1.45 ± 1.81, the ScvO2 value increased by an average of 91.29 ± 7.91, and the PvaCO2 gap value increased by an average of 11.52 ± 8.28.Conclusion: In this study, lactate values were above normal, with AGDA parameters indicating metabolic acidosis expression. ScvO2 PvaCO2 gap value that increased.
Pengaruh palm kernel oil terhadap karakteristik daging panggang meltique: pH, susut masak, dan tingkat kesukaan
Authors: Dainy Nunung Cipta , Apriantini Astari , Humayrah Wardina , Seftiyani Khori , Aditia Edit Lesa
Published: February 2025

Background: Beef has the highest Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score. However, beef is often difficult to consume because it has a tougher texture than poultry or fish. Meltique beef can be an alternative beef product that is easy to consume, but it still uses imported vegetable oil, which has an impact on the high selling price. It is necessary to innovate meltique using local vegetable oil.Objective: Analyse the effect of palm kernel oil (PKO) addition on the pH, cooking shrinkage and palatability of meltique meat.Methods: Using a Completely Randomised Design conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, IPB from April to June 2024. The beef used was Brahman Cross sirloin. Two PKO formulas were injected, MP1 and MP2. There were four controls, namely MK1, MK2, WG and DR. The variables studied were pH using a pH meter, cooking loss by calculating the difference in raw-cooked weight, and the level of panellist preference using the hedonic test form. There were 25 semi-trained panelists who met the inclusion criteria to rate the level of preference for nine sensory attributes with a score range of 1 - 5. Statistical tests used ANOVA to analyse differences in pH, cooking loss, and Kruskal-Wallis test to analyse differences in level of preference.Results: There was a significant difference in the pH values of MP1 and MP2 with WG (P-value =0.000). There was no difference in cooking loss value (p-value =0.220). Hedonic test results showed that the level of preference of MP1 and MP2 was significantly different from WG (p-value <0.05).Conclusion: Meltique beef formulas have standard pH characteristics and cooking loss values similar to wagyu beef, but the preference level is still different from wagyu beef.
Frekuensi menggunakan aplikasi delivery food dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) pada mahasiswa Poltekkes Bengkulu
Authors: Shovianti Niken , Simanjuntak Betty Yosephin , Okfrianti Yenni
Published: February 2025

Background: Food delivery applications are increasingly popular among students, providing convenience in ordering food that is often high in energy, potentially affecting Body Mass Index (BMI).Objective: To explore the relationship between the frequency of using food delivery applications and BMI among students at Nutrition Deparment Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu.Method: This observational analytic study employed a cross-sectional design, involving 64 students from the Nutrition Department aged 18-24 who had food delivery applications. Data were collected in May 2024 through interviews regarding the frequency of app usage and direct anthropometric measurements for BMIResults: Among the 64 students, 24 used the application 1-3 times a week, with 15 exhibiting abnormal nutritional status. Additionally, 12 students used the app more than 3 times a week, of which 8 (66.7%) had abnormal nutritional status. A significant relationship was found between the frequency of app usage and BMI (p=0.001; OR 3.492)Conclusion: The frequency of using food delivery applications is linked to nutritional issues, particularly BMI. Students with low BMI are encouraged to improve their nutritional intake, while those with high BMI should manage their diet and increase physical activity.
Hubungan riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24 - 60 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sungai Kapih
Authors: Lushinta Lidia , Puspitaningsih Rezki , Suryani Heni , Nurachma Evy , Jasmawati Jasmawati
Published: February 2025

Background: Currently the incidence of short toddlers or called stunting is one of the nutritional problems experienced by toddlers in the world. One of the causes of the stunting problem is the delay in Early Breastfeeding Initiation (IMD) and non-exclusive breastfeeding. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends breastfeeding for at least 6 months. Breast milk is a nutritional intake that fits the needs that help the growth and development of children. Children who do not get enough breast milk mean they have poor nutritional intake which can cause malnutrition, one of which can cause the risk of stunting.Objectives: The study aimed to determine the relationship between the history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-60 months in the Sungai Kapih Health Center work area.Methods: The method of this study is observational analytic with a retrospective approach. The number of samples in this study was 72 toddlers. The instrument used to obtain secondary data in this study was the MCH handbook, and the instrument used to obtain primary data in this study was research observation sheets. The data were analyzed using the Fisher Exact test.Results: The results of the study showed that out of 72 toddlers, 36 toddlers experienced stunting, 37 toddlers were not given exclusive breastfeeding and 35 toddlers were given exclusive breastfeeding. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between the history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the history of exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-60 months in the Sungai Kapih Health Center work area.
Pengalaman dosen dalam penggunaan simulasi sebagai metode pembelajaran di Akademi Keperawatan Ibnu Sina
Authors: Khairunisa Aida , Gressia Rosa Galica Gita , Aldani Noor Aznidar , Herdianto Pulung
Published: February 2025

Background: The application of simulation method is one of the keys to improve students' practical skills. However, many lecturers face challenges in integrating simulation effectively, mainly due to limited facilities, lack of training, and difficulty in measuring learning impact.Objectives: This study aims to explore how lecturers' experiences in implementing simulation methods, especially related to the strengths, challenges, student responses and the role of institutions related to simulation methods.Methods: This design is a qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological approach involving seven nursing educators with in-depth interviews at the Akademi Keperawatan Ibnu Sina Kota Sabang. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman Model which refers to data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.Results: There are four main themes in this study, namely the strengths of the simulation method, challenges of the simulation method, student responses and the role of educational institutions.Conclusion: The simulation method makes students more interactive, makes it easier to elaborate on the topics being studied, make decisions, gain direct experience, think critically and work together in a team.
Pengaruh intervensi pangan lokal dan konseling gizi terhadap stunting pada balita
Authors: Nurpratama Widya Lestari , Asmi Nur Fauzia , Prakoso Anom Dwi
Published: February 2025

Background: Handling of stunting can be done through comprehensive intervention and not only done with one intervention method, namely by providing local food according to the contents of my plate and nutritional education for mothers of toddlers through individual counseling methods.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in Body Weight, Height, and maternal knowledge before and after local food intervention and nutritional counseling were carried out on stunted toddlers in Bekasi Regency.Method: Experimental research method, pre-experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest design model, conducted in Pasir Gombong Village, North Cikarang District, Bekasi. The research was conducted from August - September 2024. The subjects of the study were 15 stunted toddlers taken based on purposive sampling techniques according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and data processing using the Wilcoxon test. The interventions provided were nutritional counseling in two meetings, and feeding for 14 days. The data collected in the form of maternal nutritional knowledge and toddler characteristics were conducted through questionnaire interviews. Weight data was measured using a digital scale and toddler height was measured using a stature meter.Results: The average weight increased after the intervention by 0.1 kg, but was not significantly different (p = 0.148). The average height increased after the intervention by 0.2 cm and was significantly different (p = 0.027). Then the mother's knowledge increased by 7.7 points and was significantly different (p = 0.011).Conclusion: There are differences in weight, height, and knowledge of mothers of toddlers before and after local food intervention and nutrition education with the nutrition counseling method for stunted toddlers in Bekasi Regency.
Hubungan riwayat kesehatan gigi ibu dengan stunting pada anak di Puskesmas Lamno, Aceh Jaya
Authors: Wirza Wirza , Sri Maya Yunita , Febriani Henny
Published: February 2025

Background: Child stunting affects many countries, including Indonesia. Aceh is the province with the highest prevalence of stunting and is in the top five in Indonesia, reaching 31.2%. Aceh Jaya stunting rate in 2023 reached 34% and Lamno Health Center contributed the most, namely 15.97%, dental health data aged 15-44 years more in women (32.60%).Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal dental health and stunting in children in Lamno District.Methods: Quantitative research using a crossectional design was conducted in Lamno District in 2023. The sample consisted of 97 children under five years old and their mothers. Dental health history data was obtained from secondary data at the Health Center, while stunting data was obtained through anthropometric measurements (TB/U). Data analysis used Chi-square test at 95% CI.Results: The results showed that the highest number of mothers who did not have a history of oral disease and stunting (36.6%) and did not show an association between the history of dental disease in mothers with the incidence of stunting in children in Lamno District, Aceh Jaya (p = 0.596).Conclusion: Maternal dental health history has no association with the incidence of stunting in children at Lamno Health Center, Aceh Jaya.
Perbedaan indeks plak antara yang menyikat gigi menggunakan pasta gigi herbal dan non herbal pada mahasiswa Poltekkes Kemenkes Padang
Authors: Ifitri Ika , Warman Anses , Arnetty Arnetty , Oktaviani Fitrisia , Amiruddin Amiruddin
Published: February 2025

Background: Dental and oral health issues are influenced by various factors, one of which is plaque formation. Controlling plaque can be achieved through mechanical and chemical means, such as brushing with toothpaste that contains ingredients capable of inhibiting plaque growth.Objectives: This study aimed to examine differences in plaque index among students who brushed their teeth using herbal versus non-herbal toothpaste at the Dental Health Department, Padang Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health.Methods: Employing a quasi-experimental design with a post-test group approach, this research included 71 third-year students from the department. The study measured plaque indices after brushing with either herbal or non-herbal toothpaste. Data analysis involved univariate and bivariate methods, with the Independent T-Test used for bivariate analysis.Results: Findings revealed that the average plaque index was 0.3 in the herbal toothpaste group and 0.4 in the non-herbal group. Statistical testing showed a ρ value of 0.02 (0.02 < 0.05) and a mean difference in plaque index of -1.04.Conclusion: This indicates a significant difference between the two groups, with herbal toothpaste showing a more favorable effect on plaque reduction.
The Illusion of Inner Control: A Hard Determinist Perspective on Consciousness and Agency
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang
Published: February 2025

Humans intuitively perceive a distinction between an "inner" self that they control and an "external" world that is beyond their direct influence. This perceived dichotomy forms the foundation of agency, decision-making, and self-identity. However, from a hard determinist standpoint, this distinction is illusory. If the brain generates thoughts, then the process of thought formation is governed by deterministic causal laws, rendering the so-called "inner self" merely another facet of the external world. This paper argues that consciousness itself is not an autonomous entity but an epiphenomenon shaped entirely by neural and environmental determinants. The perception of controlling one’s thoughts is a retrospective illusion, created by the brain’s deterministic processes rather than actual volitional power. By deconstructing the internal-external divide, we challenge the notion of free will and highlight the implications of determinism for our understanding of agency, responsibility, and decision-making.
Recruitment through social media ads and videocalls: Cost, effectiveness, and lessons from the Experiences of Pregnancy Study
Authors: Childers-Rockey Zoe A. , Flesher Emily A. , Stephens Jacob I. , Barton Nicole K. , Waldron Megan E. , Rioux Charlie
Published: February 2025

While participant recruitment via social media is increasingly used, its cost-effectiveness remains unclear for pregnancy cohorts, especially across social media platforms and in the context of increasing threats from web robots (i.e., bots) and fraudulent participants. Accordingly, we report on the implementation and results of online recruitment for a longitudinal cohort study about mental health in pregnancy and postpartum (Experiences of Pregnancy (EoP)). We describe: (1) the cost-effectiveness of Facebook, Instagram, Reddit, and Twitter/X for recruiting individuals in their first trimester (2) methods, experiences, and solutions for preventing bots and fraudulent participants (3) the representativeness of EoP compared to the United States (US) population and pregnancy cohorts recruited in person. Over 2.5 months (beginning June 2023), 574 participants were recruited at an advertising cost of US$6.19 per participant. Social media recruitment was highly time-efficient compared to in-person recruitment, reaching comparable sample sizes in 1/10th of the time. However, a range of safeguards to counter bots and fraudulent participants had to be implemented, resulting in 995 staff hours during recruitment. EoP also allowed reaching individuals without access to prenatal care but was not representative of the US population, suggesting stratified sampling would be needed to reach representativeness with online recruitment.
A “Closer Look” at Subliminal Facial Attractiveness and Beyond
Authors: Tsikandilakis Myron , Bali Persefoni , Pasachidou Victoria-Maria , Toranzos Romina , Szczesniak Konrad , Mével Pierre-Alexis , Madan Christopher R , Milbank Alison
Published: February 2025

Facial attractiveness is an important human characteristic. It impacts our personal and interpersonal lives from a very young age and throughout our adulthood in most aspects of our experiences, actions and interactions. Evolutionary and sociobiological hypotheses, findings and interpretations have been posited to explain why facial attractiveness is important for human interactions. For example, facial symmetry, averageness and above-average secondary/dimorphic sexual characteristics have been proposed to indicate hormonal and health markers for relational attraction. These traits are considered universal evolutionary important biological markers. Therefore, the hypothesis that attractiveness is processed unconsciously – i.e., subliminally – has been proposed and supported by the vast majority of topical research. In this manuscript, we employ mathematical, statistical, methodological, psychophysical and psychophysiological state-of-the-art advances; we dispute subliminality, and we redefine the roles of consciousness, unconsciousness, and involuntary and automatic responses relating to facial attractiveness. We demonstrate that attraction in response to human faces involves both conscious and unconscious elements, that it is, indeed, automatic and involuntary, and that it can be behaviourally but not experientially inhibited by conscious interference.
Investigating indirect interhemispheric communication in split-brain patients through motor control and reaction time analyses
Authors: Naves Silvio D.
Published: February 2025

Split-brain patients, who have undergone corpus callosotomy, present a uniqueopportunity to study interhemispheric communication in the absence of direct neuralpathways (Sperry, 1981; Gazzaniga, 2000). While prior research has focused on theindependence of hemispheric function, the possibility of indirect communication viabodily cues remains unexplored (Gazzaniga, 2014; Haan, 2020). Previous studies oninterhemispheric cue-based signaling have only been conducted on individuals with anintact corpus callosum, leaving uncertainty as to whether such cues arise purely frombodily pathways or residual neural connections (Schiff, 1999; Ravignani, 2022).Additionally, studies on hemispherectomy patients (individuals with only one functioninghemisphere) demonstrate that a single hemisphere can gradually assume control over bothsides of the body (Vining, 1997; Pulsifer, 2004; Danelli, 2013) , raising the question ofwhether split-brain patients retain any degree of weak ipsilateral limb control due tosimilar neuroplastic mechanisms (Nudo, 1996; Taub, 1999).This study aims to investigate whether each hemisphere retains weak influence overits ipsilateral limbs and whether reaction time disparities provide evidence of an indirectsignaling loop. The first experiment examines motor execution accuracy when only onehemisphere perceives a sequenced set of limb movements, assessing whether ipsilaterallimb actions exhibit above-random consistency. The second experiment measuresreaction time differences when responding to visual stimuli under ipsilateral versuscontralateral hemisphere dominance, testing whether indirect signaling delays motorresponse.The expected results include measurable but weaker ipsilateral limb control, asignificant delay in reaction times for ipsilateral hemisphere-initiated movements, and atwo-phase response pattern indicating an initial weak cue followed by a strongercompensatory signal. These findings would provide the first quantifiable evidence ofindirect interhemispheric communication through bodily pathways, refining currentmodels of split-brain cognition and offering new insights into neuroplasticity, particularlyfor understanding compensatory mechanisms in both split-brain and hemispherectomypatients.