bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infantile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: review of adjuvant therapies
Authors: Patel A , Orban N
Published: September 2021

Background

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a potentially life-threatening condition characterised by the growth of exophytic lesions within the larynx and trachea. The principal aim of management is maintenance of an adequate airway by surgical debulking. Several adjuvant therapies have been used to varying effect to reduce the burden of this disease and increase the interval between debulking procedures. The most severe cases present in children aged under three years, who are therefore most likely to need adjuvant therapies. The current evidence base on adjuvant treatments relating to children who present aged under three years has been reviewed.

Methods

A literature review of articles in Cochrane, PubMed and Embase databases was carried out. Given the rarity of the condition in this age group, all the literature relates to case reports and case series.

Results and conclusion

The following adjuvant therapies have been used in children who presented under three years of age: quadrivalent human papilloma virus vaccine, intralesional cidofovir, pegylated interferon, alpha-interferon, cimetidine and cetuximab.
Forecasting prognostic trajectories with mismatch negativity in early psychosis
Authors: Kim Minah , Kim Taekwan , Hwang Wu Jeong , Lho Silvia Kyungjin , Moon Sun-Young , Lee Tae Young , Kwon Jun Soo
Published: September 2021

Background

Prognostic heterogeneity in early psychosis patients yields significant difficulties in determining the degree and duration of early intervention; this heterogeneity highlights the need for prognostic biomarkers. Although mismatch negativity (MMN) has been widely studied across early phases of psychotic disorders, its potential as a common prognostic biomarker in early periods, such as clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis and first-episode psychosis (FEP), has not been fully studied.

Methods

A total of 104 FEP patients, 102 CHR individuals, and 107 healthy controls (HCs) participated in baseline MMN recording. Clinical outcomes were assessed; 17 FEP patients were treatment resistant, 73 FEP patients were nonresistant, 56 CHR individuals were nonremitters (15 transitioned to a psychotic disorder), and 22 CHR subjects were remitters. Baseline MMN amplitudes were compared across clinical outcome groups and tested for utility prognostic biomarkers using binary logistic regression.

Results

MMN amplitudes were greatest in HCs, intermediate in CHR subjects, and smallest in FEP patients. In the clinical outcome groups, MMN amplitudes were reduced from the baseline in both FEP and CHR patients with poor prognostic trajectories. Reduced baseline MMN amplitudes were a significant predictor of later treatment resistance in FEP patients [Exp(β) = 2.100, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.104–3.993, p = 0.024] and nonremission in CHR individuals [Exp(β) = 1.898, 95% CI 1.065–3.374, p = 0.030].

Conclusions

These findings suggest that MMN could be used as a common prognostic biomarker across early psychosis periods, which will aid clinical decisions for early intervention.
The deadly couch: physical (in)activity in middle-aged women in Australia
Authors: Krajewski Sabine
Published: September 2021

Global awareness about an increase of chronic diseases and premature mortality due to ‘unhealthy eating’ and ‘sedentary lifestyles’ is embedded in various discourses shaped by relationships and power. In this article, I investigate the role of physical activity in the lives of middle-aged women in Australia and how their experiences with exercise influence the way they position themselves within the context of inter-discursivity regarding fitness and ‘healthy ageing’. Results reveal how ‘knowledge’ about ‘healthy lifestyles’ is created and accessed, and how women make sense of the healthism discourse, the obesity crisis, and discourses around menopause and ageing. The participants for this study are nine women in their forties to sixties who volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews after completing an online survey about physical activity that was part of a larger project. Their accounts of health and fitness, healthy eating, weight management, mental wellbeing and ageing are categorised and interpreted in a post-structuralist framework through the lens of feminist relational discourse analysis. Results show that all women are influenced by healthism discourses as well as being affected by assumptions and recommendations for ageing, menopausal women. They shape female identity by adopting, but also by resisting, discourses around their bodies and minds.
Consonant articulation and vocabulary size: Twins versus singletons
Authors: KETREZ F. Nihan
Published: September 2021

Turkish-speaking dyzygotic twins (n = 21) and singletons (n = 23) were tested through a standard articulation test to observe whether their consonant articulations were related to their vocabulary sizes, recorded through CDI forms, at age 3;0. Twins were observed to lag behind their singleton peers and performed below the norm level in their production. Vocabulary size failed to predict twins’ articulation scores although it predicted the scores of the singleton group. The results suggested that articulation was not related to vocabulary size in twins. Exposure to sibling language was discussed as an alternative risk factor.
Sitting posture detection and recognition of aircraft passengers using machine learning
Authors: Cun Wenzhe , Mo Rong , Chu Jianjie , Yu Suihuai , Zhang Huizhong , Fan Hao , Chen Yanhao , Wang Mengcheng , Wang Hui , Chen Chen
Published: September 2021

Prolonged sitting in a fixed or constrained position exposes aircraft passengers to long-term static loading of their bodies, which has deleterious effects on passengers’ comfort throughout the duration of the flight. The previous studies focused primarily on office and driving sitting postures and few studies, however, focused on the sitting postures of passengers in aircraft. Consequently, the aim of the present study is to detect and recognize the sitting postures of aircraft passengers in relation to sitting discomfort. A total of 24 subjects were recruited for the experiment, which lasted for 2 h. Furthermore, a total of 489 sitting postures were extracted and the pressure data between subjects and seat was collected from the experiment. After the detection of sitting postures, eight types of sitting postures were classified based on key parts (trunk, back, and legs) of the human bodies. Thereafter, the eight types of sitting postures were recognized with the aid of pressure data of seat pan and backrest employing several machine learning methods. The best classification rate of 89.26% was obtained from the support vector machine (SVM) with radial basis function (RBF) kernel. The detection and recognition of the eight types of sitting postures of aircraft passengers in this study provided an insight into aircraft passengers’ discomfort and seat design.
Clinical, health systems and neighbourhood determinants of tuberculosis case fatality in urban Blantyre, Malawi: a multilevel epidemiological analysis of enhanced surveillance data
Authors: Khundi McEwen , MacPherson Peter , Feasey Helena R. A. , Nzawa Soko Rebeca , Nliwasa Marriott , Corbett Elizabeth L. , Carpenter James R.
Published: September 2021

We investigated whether household to clinic distance was a risk factor for death on tuberculosis (TB) treatment in Malawi. Using enhanced TB surveillance data, we recorded all TB treatment initiations and outcomes between 2015 and 2018. Household locations were geolocated, and distances were measured by a straight line or shortest road network. We constructed Bayesian multi-level logistic regression models to investigate associations between distance and case fatality. A total of 479/4397 (10.9%) TB patients died. Greater distance was associated with higher (odds ratio (OR) 1.07 per kilometre (km) increase, 95% credible interval (CI) 0.99–1.16) odds of death in TB patients registered at the referral hospital, but not among TB patients registered at primary clinics (OR 0.98 per km increase, 95% CI 0.92–1.03). Age (OR 1.02 per year increase, 95% CI 1.01–1.02) and HIV-positive status (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.73–2.85) were also associated with higher odds of death. Model estimates were similar for both distance measures. Distance was a risk factor for death among patients at the main referral hospital, likely due to delayed diagnosis and suboptimal healthcare access. To reduce mortality, targeted community TB screening interventions for TB disease and HIV, and expansion of novel sensitive diagnostic tests are required.
Organic agriculture in Argentina's Pampas. A case study on Pampa Orgánica Norte farmers
Authors: Cabrini Silvina M. , Elustondo Luciana
Published: September 2021

Faced with a society that demands the reduction of negative environmental impacts of agriculture while producing high-value, healthy food for local and export markets, Argentina is currently in a debate on the alternative paths toward sustainability in agricultural production. Argentina is ranked second in the world in terms of land under organic certification. Extensive sheep production in Patagonia natural grasslands accounts for most of this area and harvested organic area remains a very small fraction of total harvested land (0.6%). This paper aims to contribute to the discussion of opportunities and limitations in organic farming as an ecological intensification alternative for Argentina's Pampas. A case study was conducted on Pampa Orgánica Norte. This is a group of nine organic farmers that manages field crops and livestock-certified organic production. Farmers interviewed in this study considered different criteria including economic and environmental attributes when choosing to produce organically. However, the main drivers for conversion to organic production are related to environmental factors, in particular ecosystem protection. The main limitations in organic production are related to crop management practices, primarily weed control. To achieve the goal of increasing organic production a more active role of the public sector in technology generation and transfer was demanded by farmers.
Marketing strategies to self-sustainability of autochthonous swine breeds from different EU regions: a mixed approach using the World Café technique and the Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Rivera-Toapanta Evelyn , Kallas Zein , Čandek-Potokar Meta , Gonzalez Joel , Gil Marta , Varela Elsa , Faure Justine , Cerjak Marija , Urška Tomažin , Aquilani Chiara , Lebret Bénédicte , Karolyi Danijel , Pugliese Carolina , Gil José Maria
Published: September 2021

Extensive and semi-extensive production based on local swine breeds such as Majorcan Black Pig, Cinta Senese, Gascon, Krškopolje and Turopolje is becoming extremely rare and on the verge of disappearing in Europe. In this context, the main aim of this study was to assess the potential feasibility of marketing strategies to act as guidelines for stakeholders along the supply chain to create and improve added value and match market demands. The sustainability of five production systems was evaluated together with 60 stakeholders representing five local swine breeds, using a World Café (WC) method combined with an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). The results showed that the proposed strategies could differ slightly depending on each system, while the product strategy was a common marketing priority for most of the stakeholders and represented all the systems evaluated. Diversifying production toward quality, innovative products, enhanced standardization, and quality labeling or seals of guarantee, such as the protected geographical indication or the protected designation of origin, would contribute to the sustainability of these chains. Advertising the storytelling of the meat products and emphasizing their healthier properties were also considered as positive strategies. To this effect, promotion should involve improving knowledge of the local systems and raising the profile of the meat products via public relations (networks, web pages, food and gastronomic events, workshops and so on) in the Hotels, Restaurants and Catering (HORECA) sector, stores selling top-quality products and local food shops. Better showcasing of these products and keeping the price in the premium segment would indirectly help the primary sector. By way of conclusion, other more developed local swine systems could be strong competitors, hence it is extremely important to effectively identify and trace all autochthonous swine breed products throughout the production chain. Furthermore, the entire chain must place greater emphasis on grazing (extensive or semi-extensive), the origin of the swine and their meat products. However, of utmost importance is cooperation between farms, firms and institutions.
AGAINST CUMULATIVE TYPE THEORY
Authors: BUTTON TIM , TRUEMAN ROBERT
Published: September 2021

Standard Type Theory,
${\textrm {STT}}$
, tells us that
$b^n(a^m)$
is well-formed iff
$n=m+1$
. However, Linnebo and Rayo [23] have advocated the use of Cumulative Type Theory,
$\textrm {CTT}$
, which has more relaxed type-restrictions: according to
$\textrm {CTT}$
,
$b^\beta (a^\alpha )$
is well-formed iff
$\beta>\alpha $
. In this paper, we set ourselves against
$\textrm {CTT}$
. We begin our case by arguing against Linnebo and Rayo’s claim that
$\textrm {CTT}$
sheds new philosophical light on set theory. We then argue that, while
$\textrm {CTT}$
’s type-restrictions are unjustifiable, the type-restrictions imposed by
${\textrm {STT}}$
are justified by a Fregean semantics. What is more, this Fregean semantics provides us with a principled way to resist Linnebo and Rayo’s Semantic Argument for
$\textrm {CTT}$
. We end by examining an alternative approach to cumulative types due to Florio and Jones [10]; we argue that their theory is best seen as a misleadingly formulated version of
${\textrm {STT}}$
.
Significant Increase of the Global Population Exposure to Increased Precipitation Extremes in the Future
Authors: Chen Huopo , Sun Jianqi
Published: September 2021

Precipitation extremes and associated hazards often cause agricultural losses and infrastructure damage and even exert negative impacts on human health. It is thus crucial to assess future changes in precipitation extremes and exposure under future warming scenarios to improve the mitigation of climate change. On the basis of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 simulations, we find that occurring probabilities of precipitation extremes that exceed the 99th percentile threshold are projected to increase over global lands in the coming century, especially under the no‐mitigation scenario of SSP5‐8.5. Under this scenario, by the end of this century, occurrences of aggregations of precipitation extremes over global lands are expected to increase by approximately 1.8 times. Increases are also expected even if early mitigation is conducted via SSP1‐2.6. Accordingly, global aggregate exposure would increase by at least 50% in the future under SSP5‐8.5. Changes in precipitation extremes will exert a substantial influence on population exposure, of which contribution will be up to 46% under SSP5‐8.5 by the end of this century. The future maximum centers of exposure are concentrated over East Asia, South Asia, the Mediterranean basin, and eastern North America, as in the current state. However, the rapid increase in population over some parts of Africa plays a larger role than climate change and significantly increases the exposure in these regions. As a result, regions of Africa will become other high‐exposure global centers in the future. Climate change mitigation should be thus the key policy response to reduce population exposure in the future over most global regions.
Two‐Azimuth Co‐Seismic Ionospheric Disturbances Following the 2020 Jamaica Earthquake From GPS Observations
Authors: Chai Yi , Jin Shuanggen
Published: September 2021

Co‐seismic ionospheric disturbance (CID) may provide insights on understanding the coupled nature of earthquake–atmosphere geophysical processes. In this study, the CIDs following the Mw 7.7 Jamaica earthquake on January 28, 2020 are detected about 12 min after the main shock by the dual‐frequency Global Positioning System measurements. Significant CIDs at two azimuths are observed from satellite PRN03, 04 and 26 with spreading out at 3.54, 3.51 and 3.48 km/s respectively, which are close to the spreading speeds of Rayleigh waves recorded by the seismographs. The significant CID signals are found in south near‐field area and southwest far‐field area. Furthermore, CID characteristics are analyzed in terms of amplitude, elevation and azimuth angle, waveform, and frequency domain. Results show that CIDs are observed by PRN03, 04 and 26 at low elevation angles (<35°) in infrasonic wave frequency domain and the average negative amplitudes of CIDs observed by PRN26 are larger than −0.08 TECU, while the CID amplitudes observed by PRN03 and PRN04 are about −0.05 and −0.07 TECU, respectively. Moreover, the azimuthal asymmetry of CID amplitude in SW and SE azimuths and different initial polarities in disturbance signals are found and discussed from tectonic and nontectonic factors. The relations among CID, Rayleigh wave and focal mechanism are interpreted. The upward propagating secondary acoustic wave triggered by the seismic Rayleigh wave from earthquake is the main source of CIDs. These results confirm that strike‐slip earthquake can also generate pronounced co‐seismic ionospheric disturbances.
Defining the “Ice Shed” of the Arctic Ocean's Last Ice Area and Its Future Evolution
Authors: Newton Robert , Pfirman Stephanie , Tremblay L. Bruno , DeRepentigny Patricia
Published: September 2021

Sea ice will persist longer in the Last Ice Area (LIA), north of Canada and Greenland, than elsewhere in the Arctic. We combine earth system model ensembles with a sea‐ice tracking utility (SITU) to explore sources of sea ice (the “ice shed”) to the LIA under two scenarios: continued high warming (HW) rates and low warming (LW) rates (mean global warming below ca. 2°C) through the 21st century. Until mid‐century, the two scenarios yield similar results: the primary ice source shifts from the Russian continental shelves to the central Arctic, mobility increases, and mean ice age in the LIA drops from about 7 years to less than one. After about 2050, sea ice stabilizes in the LW scenario, but continues to decline in the HW scenario until LIA sea ice is nearly entirely seasonal and locally formed. Sea ice pathways through the ice shed determine LIA ice conditions and transport of material, including biota, sediments, and pollutants (spilled oil and industrial or agricultural contaminants have been identified as potential hazards). This study demonstrates that global warming has a dramatic impact on the sources, pathways and ages of ice entering the LIA. Therefore, we suggest that maintaining ice quality and preserving ice‐obligate ecologies in the LIA, including the Tuvaijuittuq Marine Protected Area north of Nunavut, Canada, will require international governance. The SITU system used in this study is publicly available as an online utility to support researchers, policy analysts, and educators interested in past and future sea ice sources and trajectories.
Deducing Mineralogy of Serpentinized and Carbonated Ultramafic Rocks Using Physical Properties With Implications for Carbon Sequestration and Subduction Zone Dynamics
Authors: Cutts J. A. , Steinthorsdottir K. , Turvey C. , Dipple G. M. , Enkin R. J. , Peacock S. M.
Published: September 2021

Serpentinization of ultramafic rocks is fundamental to modern plate tectonics and for volatile (re‐)cycling into the mantle and magmatic arcs. Serpentinites are also highly reactive with CO2such that they are prime targets for carbon sequestration. Serpentinization and carbonation of ultramafic rocks results in changes in their physical properties such that they should be detectable using geophysical surveys; this could provide constraint on the reactivity of rocks without extensive sample characterization. We constrain the physio‐chemical relationships in altered ophiolitic ultramafic rocks using petrographic observations, major‐element chemistry, quantitative X‐ray diffraction, and physical properties on a suite of >400 samples from the Canadian Cordillera. Serpentinization results in a systematic decrease in density that reflects the increase in serpentine abundance and carbonation results in an increase in density, mostly reflecting the formation of magnesite; based on these data, we present two formulations for determining extent of serpentinization: one based on major‐element chemistry and the other on density. Magnetic susceptibility is variable during serpentinization; most harzburgitic samples show a 100‐fold increase in magnetic susceptibility, whereas most dunitic samples and a minor proportion of harzburgitic samples show very little change in magnetic susceptibility. We use quantitative mineralogy and physical properties of the samples to constrain a model for using density and magnetic susceptibility to approximate the mineralogy of ultramafic rock. Although further work is required to understand the role of remanence in applying these models to geophysical data, this presents an advancement and opportunity to prospect for the most reactive ultramafic rocks for carbon sequestration.
3D Deep Electrical Resistivity Tomography of the Lusi Eruption Site in East Java
Authors: Mazzini Adriano , Carrier Aurore , Sciarra Alessandra , Fischanger Federico , Winarto‐Putro Anton , Lupi Matteo
Published: September 2021

Lusi is a sediment‐hosted geothermal system relentlessly erupting since May 2006 in the East Java back‐arc sedimentary basin. Lusi provides the unprecedented opportunity to study the development of the early phases of a new‐born piercement structure and its impact on society. In order to investigate the shallow plumbing system of this large‐scale eruption, we deployed a pool of 25 IRIS V‐Fullwavers to conduct a 3D deep electrical resistivity tomography extending over ∼15 km2 around the eruption site. The inverted data reveal the structure of the subsided area hosting the region where a mix of groundwater, mud breccia, hydrocarbons and boiling hydrothermal fluids are stored. Our investigation also points out the link between a well‐developed fault system and the upwelling of the deep‐seated fluids that initiated, and still drive, the development of the new‐born Lusi eruption.
Predicting Interannual Variability in Sea Surface Height Along the West Coast of Australia Using a Simple Ocean Model
Authors: Nagura Motoki , McPhaden Michael J.
Published: September 2021

Sea surface height (SSH) along the west coast of Australia is key to local climate and is strongly forced by remote surface wind variability related to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific Ocean. This study provides a method to predict interannual variability in SSH along the west coast of Australia using a simple 1.5‐layer dynamical ocean model forced by a statistical atmospheric model for ENSO‐related winds. The model has realistic coastlines and is driven by reanalysis surface winds regressed onto an ENSO index. The model when run in hindcast mode to predict past variability can simulate tide gauge observations at Fremantle along the west coast of Australia up to 13 months in advance, which outperforms persistence. We conclude that this methodology can be useful as a baseline for gauging the performance of more sophisticated forecast models for predicting SSH variations along the west coast of Australia.
A Strong Correlation Between Relativistic Electron Microbursts and Patchy Aurora
Authors: Shumko M. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Halford A. J. , Liang J. , Blum L. W. , Donovan E. , Murphy K. R. , Spanswick E.
Published: September 2021

In this letter, we present the results of a conjunction between the Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) satellite and a Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) all‐sky imager in Gillam, Canada, showing a high correlation between relativistic,  MeV, electron microbursts and a type of pulsating aurora called patchy aurora. The correlation was 0.8, and is not serendipitous. While the relationship between pulsating aurora and 10–100s keV microbursts has been previously predicted, here we show a strong association between keV and MeV electron dynamics, possibly spanning two orders of magnitude. Importantly, this result shows that the dynamics of relativistic radiation belt electrons are at times intimately tied to keV electron precipitation, and cannot be studied in isolation.
A Multicentennial Proxy Record of Northeast Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures From the Annual Growth Increments of Panopea generosa
Authors: Edge David C. , Reynolds David J. , Wanamaker Alan D. , Griffin Daniel , Bureau Dominique , Outridge Christine , Stevick Bethany C. , Weng Richard , Black Bryan A.
Published: September 2021

Growth‐increment widths of Pacific geoduck (Panopea generosa), a long‐lived bivalve, are used to develop the first marine‐based, multicentennial, annually resolved, and exactly dated archive of Northeast Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST). The chronology is sampled from the Tree Nob Islands, British Columbia, Canada, continuously covers 1725–2008, and also contains nine older radiocarbon‐dated segments, which together span 58% of the last 1,500 years. Age‐related growth declines were removed by aligning all increments relative to age of increment formation and fitting with a single detrending curve to preserve low‐frequency signals. The geoduck chronology was used to reconstruct local SST variability across the seasonal window of April through November. The chronology at both the concurrent (lag‐0) and following (lag+1) year are both highly significant predictors of SST in a stepwise multiple linear regression, explaining 54% of the variance in the period of instrumental overlap (1940–2001), passing strict tests of calibration‐verification. Reconstructed SSTs contained significant spectral power at periods from 3 to 64 years, suggesting that 20th century variability in these periodicities is not unusual in the longer‐term context. The period of lowest growth coincided with the Dalton minimum, an episode of reduced solar irradiance from 1790–1830, as well as the 1809 Unknown eruption, suggesting that solar and volcanic signals are present in the SST history. The most conspicuous aspect of the reconstruction is the steady and unprecedented warming trend that began in the mid‐1800s and continues through present. The post‐1976 interval includes the two warmest decades of the reconstruction.
Single allele loss-of-function mutations select and sculpt conditional cooperative networks in breast cancer
Authors: Schachter Nathan F. , Adams Jessica R. , Skowron Patryk , Kozma Katelyn. J. , Lee Christian A. , Raghuram Nandini , Yang Joanna , Loch Amanda J. , Wang Wei , Kucharczuk Aaron , Wright Katherine L. , Quintana Rita M. , An Yeji , Dotzko Daniel , Gorman Jennifer L. , Wojtal Daria , Shah Juhi S. , Leon-Gomez Paul , Pellecchia Giovanna , Dupuy Adam J. , Perou Charles M. , Ben-Porath Ittai , Karni Rotem , Zacksenhaus Eldad , Woodgett Jim R. , Done Susan J. , Garzia Livia , Sorana Morrissy A. , Reimand Jüri , Taylor Michael D. , Egan Sean E.
Published: September 2021

The most common events in breast cancer (BC) involve chromosome arm losses and gains. Here we describe identification of 1089 gene-centric common insertion sites (gCIS) from transposon-based screens in 8 mouse models of BC. Some gCIS are driver-specific, others driver non-specific, and still others associated with tumor histology. Processes affected by driver-specific and histology-specific mutations include well-known cancer pathways. Driver non-specific gCIS target the Mediator complex, Ca++ signaling, Cyclin D turnover, RNA-metabolism among other processes. Most gCIS show single allele disruption and many map to genomic regions showing high-frequency hemizygous loss in human BC. Two gCIS, Nf1 and Trps1, show synthetic haploinsufficient tumor suppressor activity. Many gCIS act on the same pathway responsible for tumor initiation, thereby selecting and sculpting just enough and just right signaling. These data highlight ~1000 genes with predicted conditional haploinsufficient tumor suppressor function and the potential to promote chromosome arm loss in BC.
Cell reprogramming shapes the mitochondrial DNA landscape
Authors: Wei Wei , Gaffney Daniel J. , Chinnery Patrick F.
Published: September 2021

Individual induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, but the reasons for this are not fully understood. Comprehensively analysing the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in 146 iPSC and fibroblast lines from 151 donors, we show that most age-related fibroblast mtDNA mutations are lost during reprogramming. However, iPSC-specific mutations are seen in 76.6% (108/141) of iPSC lines at a mutation rate of 8.62 × 10−5/base pair. The mutations observed in iPSC lines affect a higher proportion of mtDNA molecules, favouring non-synonymous protein-coding and tRNA variants, including known disease-causing mutations. Analysing 11,538 single cells shows stable heteroplasmy in sub-clones derived from the original donor during differentiation, with mtDNA variants influencing the expression of key genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism and epidermal cell differentiation. Thus, the dynamic mtDNA landscape contributes to the heterogeneity of human iPSCs and should be considered when using reprogrammed cells experimentally or as a therapy.
Small-molecule polymerase inhibitor protects non-human primates from measles and reduces shedding
Authors: Wittwer Kevin , Anderson Danielle E. , Pfeffermann Kristin , Cox Robert M. , Wolf Josef D. , Santibanez Sabine , Mankertz Annette , Plesker Roland , Sticher Zachary M. , Kolkykhalov Alexander A. , Natchus Michael G. , Pfaller Christian K. , Plemper Richard K. , von Messling Veronika
Published: September 2021

Measles virus (MeV) is a highly contagious pathogen that enters the human host via the respiratory route. Besides acute pathologies including fever, cough and the characteristic measles rash, the infection of lymphocytes leads to substantial immunosuppression that can exacerbate the outcome of infections with additional pathogens. Despite the availability of effective vaccine prophylaxis, measles outbreaks continue to occur worldwide. We demonstrate that prophylactic and post-exposure therapeutic treatment with an orally bioavailable small-molecule polymerase inhibitor, ERDRP-0519, prevents measles disease in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). Treatment initiation at the onset of clinical signs reduced virus shedding, which may support outbreak control. Results show that this clinical candidate has the potential to alleviate clinical measles and augment measles virus eradication.
The cryo-EM structure of the bd oxidase from M. tuberculosis reveals a unique structural framework and enables rational drug design to combat TB
Authors: Safarian Schara , Opel-Reading Helen K. , Wu Di , Mehdipour Ahmad R. , Hards Kiel , Harold Liam K. , Radloff Melanie , Stewart Ian , Welsch Sonja , Hummer Gerhard , Cook Gregory M. , Krause Kurt L. , Michel Hartmut
Published: September 2021

New drugs are urgently needed to combat the global TB epidemic. Targeting simultaneously multiple respiratory enzyme complexes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is regarded as one of the most effective treatment options to shorten drug administration regimes, and reduce the opportunity for the emergence of drug resistance. During infection and proliferation, the cytochrome bd oxidase plays a crucial role for mycobacterial pathophysiology by maintaining aerobic respiration at limited oxygen concentrations. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the cytochrome bd oxidase from M. tuberculosis at 2.5 Å. In conjunction with atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies we discovered a previously unknown MK-9-binding site, as well as a unique disulfide bond within the Q-loop domain that defines an inactive conformation of the canonical quinol oxidation site in Actinobacteria. Our detailed insights into the long-sought atomic framework of the cytochrome bd oxidase from M. tuberculosis will form the basis for the design of highly specific drugs to act on this enzyme.
Single-atom catalyst for high-performance methanol oxidation
Authors: Zhang Zhiqi , Liu Jiapeng , Wang Jian , Wang Qi , Wang Yuhao , Wang Kai , Wang Zheng , Gu Meng , Tang Zhenghua , Lim Jongwoo , Zhao Tianshou , Ciucci Francesco
Published: September 2021

Single-atom catalysts have been widely investigated for several electrocatalytic reactions except electrochemical alcohol oxidation. Herein, we synthesize atomically dispersed platinum on ruthenium oxide (Pt1/RuO2) using a simple impregnation-adsorption method. We find that Pt1/RuO2 has good electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation in an alkaline media with a mass activity that is 15.3-times higher than that of commercial Pt/C (6766 vs. 441 mA mg‒1Pt). In contrast, single atom Pt on carbon black is inert. Further, the mass activity of Pt1/RuO2 is superior to that of most Pt-based catalysts previously developed. Moreover, Pt1/RuO2 has a high tolerance towards CO poisoning, resulting in excellent catalytic stability. Ab initio simulations and experiments reveal that the presence of Pt‒O3f (3-fold coordinatively bonded O)‒Rucus (coordinatively unsaturated Ru) bonds with the undercoordinated bridging O in Pt1/RuO2 favors the electrochemical dehydrogenation of methanol with lower energy barriers and onset potential than those encountered for Pt‒C and Pt‒Ru.
Dual-potential electrochemiluminescence from black phosphorus and graphitic carbon nitrides for label-free enzymatic biosensing
Authors: Yin Hao , Lei Ming , Liu Hui , Dong YongPing
Published: September 2021

Simultaneous anodic and cathodic ECL emissions of black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) and graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) were observed. A facile ECL method for cholesterol detection was developed by employing the superiority of two separately ECL system.
Correction: Crystalline sponge X-ray analysis coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography: a novel analytical platform for the rapid separation, isolation, and characterization of analytes
Authors: Taniguchi Yoshimasa , Miwa Mayuka , Kitada Naoya
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Crystalline sponge X-ray analysis coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography: a novel analytical platform for the rapid separation, isolation, and characterization of analytes’ by Yoshimasa Taniguchi et al., Analyst, 2021, 146, 5230–5235, DOI: 10.1039/D1AN00948F.
Detecting ligand–protein interactions inside cells using reactive peptide tags and split luciferase
Authors: Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Hagiwara Hiroaki
Published: September 2021

Intracellular interactions of synthetic ligands with proteins were detected by interaction-dependent native chemical ligation and enzyme reconstitution (IDNCL-ER) using two reactive peptide tags and a split luciferase.
Construction of modular Pd/Cu multimetallic chains via ligand- and anion-controlled metal–metal interactions
Authors: Rivada-Wheelaghan Orestes , Deolka Shubham , Govindarajan Ramadoss , Khaskin Eugene , Fayzullin Robert R. , Pal Shrinwantu , Khusnutdinova Julia R.
Published: September 2021

The order and number of metal atoms in a Pd/Cu chain are controlled using a variable donor ligand terminus and coordinating anions, leading to different synergistic Pd/Cu reactivity in Ar–O bond formation with H2O2 and alkyne activation.
Formation of an air-stable diborane via a stepwise BH3 addition of pyrido[1,2-a]isoindole with H2 evolution
Authors: Dong Jiaqi , Zhang Lutao , Tan Dehui , Wu Jianfeng , Wang Nan , Mellerup Soren K. , Wang Suning , Yang Deng-Tao
Published: September 2021

A novel and air-stable organo(hydro)diborane featuring a five-membered aryl ring supported bridging B–C–B three-centre–two-electron (3c–2e) bond has been reported.
One-step solvothermal synthesis and growth mechanism of well-crystallized β-Ga2O3 nanoparticles in isopropanol
Authors: Takezawa Kengo , Lu Jinfeng , Numako Chiya , Takami Seiichi
Published: September 2021

Well-crystallized β-Ga2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal treatment of Ga(NO3)3 in isopropanol at 400 °C without performing the calcination process.
Study for the preparation of Cu2+-doped twin spherical MnCO3 structure as an anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Dong Fangyuan , Dong Xuelu , Xu Shuling , Li Haibo , Zeng Suyuan , Fu Chonggang , Wang Lei
Published: September 2021

Cu2+-Doped twin spherical MnCO3 microstructure was prepared, characterized and used as an anode for the lithium-ion battery. After 600 cycles, a reversible capacity of 810 mA h g−1 was retained. Excellent rate property and cyclability were attained.
Taming the dynamics in a pharmaceutical by cocrystallization: investigating the impact of the coformer by solid-state NMR
Authors: Szell Patrick M. J. , Lewandowski Józef R. , Blade Helen , Hughes Leslie P. , Nilsson Lill Sten O. , Brown Steven P.
Published: September 2021

The anti-HIV pharmaceutical efavirenz is highly dynamic in its crystalline state, and we show that these dynamics can be tamed through the introduction of a coformer.
Oxygen chemistry of halogen-doped CeO2(111)
Authors: Wolf Matthew J. , Larsson Ernst D. , Hermansson Kersti
Published: September 2021

The formation and pairing of F, Cl and Br impurities at CeO2(111), and their interactions with oxygen vacancies and molecular oxygen, are studied using density functional theory.
Exceptionally high saturation magnetisation in Eu-doped magnetite stabilised by spin–orbit interaction
Authors: Assadi M. Hussein N. , Gutiérrez Moreno José Julio , Hanaor Dorian A. H. , Katayama-Yoshida Hiroshi
Published: September 2021

The significance of the spin–orbit interaction is very well known in compounds containing heavier elements such as the rare-earth Eu ion.
Vibrational and optical identification of GeO2 and GeO single layers: a first-principles study
Authors: Sozen Y. , Yagmurcukardes M. , Sahin H.
Published: September 2021

Germanium oxide single-layers in 1T and buckled phases can be monitored by means of Raman and optical spectroscopy owing to their distinctive vibrational and optical properties.
Molecular dynamics simulation of octacosane for phase diagrams and properties via the united-atom scheme
Authors: Dai L. , Rutkevych P. P. , Chakraborty S. , Wu G. , Ye J. , Lau Y. H. , Ramanarayan H. , Wu D. T.
Published: September 2021

We used the united-atom scheme to build three types of crystalline structures for octacosane (C28H58) and carried out molecular dynamics simulations to investigate their phase properties.
Mechanistic insights into carbamate formation from CO2and amines: the role of guanidine–CO2adducts
Authors: Mannisto Jere K. , Pavlovic Ljiljana , Tiainen Tony , Nieger Martin , Sahari Aleksi , Hopmann Kathrin H. , Repo Timo
Published: September 2021

This work explores the reactivity of a reversible superbase–CO2zwitterion, which can be used as a stoichiometric source of CO2.
Facile water oxidation by dinuclear mixed-valence CoIII/CoII complexes: the role of coordinated water
Authors: Dey Atanu , Guha Anku , Kumar Vierandra , Bawari Sumit , Narayanan Tharangattu N. , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: September 2021

Dinuclear mixed-valence CoIIICoII complexes, [CoIIICoII(LH2)2(X)(H2O)] (X = OAc or Cl), containing coordinated water show better OER activity than complex [CoIIICoII(LH2)2(vanillin)] that does not possess coordinated water.
A facile approach to prepare silica hybrid, spin-crossover water-soluble nanoparticles as potential candidates for thermally responsive MRI agents
Authors: Gkolfi Patroula , Tsivaka Dimitra , Tsougos Ioannis , Vassiou Katerina , Malina Ondřej , Polaskova Michaela , Polyzou Christina D. , Chasapis Christos T. , Tangoulis Vassilis
Published: September 2021

Aqueous dispersions of silica hybrid SCO nanoparticles are promising agents for potential use in MRI.
Recent advances in sulfur tetrafluoride chemistry: syntheses, structures, and applications
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Gerken Michael
Published: September 2021

Recent advances, mainly the last ten years, in syntheses and structures of SF4-related compounds including its cationic and anionic derivatives and adducts with Lewis bases are concisely reviewed.
High-performance carbon nanotube electronic ratchets
Authors: Hao Ji , Nanayakkara Sanjini U. , Tervo Eric J. , Blackburn Jeffrey L. , Ferguson Andrew J.
Published: September 2021

High performance electronic ratchet devices capable of harvesting energy from periodic, stochastic, and even noisy electronic voltage signals are enabled by semiconducting carbon nanotube networks with asymmetric dopant/counterion distributions.
Atomic heterointerface engineering overcomes the activity limitation of electrocatalysts and promises highly-efficient alkaline water splitting
Authors: Xu Qiucheng , Zhang Jiahao , Zhang Haoxuan , Zhang Liyue , Chen Ling , Hu Yanjie , Jiang Hao , Li Chunzhong
Published: September 2021

This review summarizes the recent progress of atomic heterointerface engineering to overcome the activity limitation of electrocatalysts for water splitting and elaborates its electron effect and ensemble effect, etc.
Determination of acrolein in ambient air and in the atmosphere of environmental test chambers
Authors: Schieweck Alexandra , Uhde Erik , Salthammer Tunga
Published: September 2021

Acrolein is released by several sources into indoor air. As it impacts human health, an easy-to-handle, fast and robust method with low detection limits is needed.
Graphene oxide–acaricide nanocomposites advance acaricidal activity of acaricides against Tetranychus cinnabarinus by directly inhibiting the transcription of a cuticle protein gene
Authors: Zhou Hong , Liu Sisi , Wan Fenglin , Jian Yufan , Guo Fuyou , Chen Juanni , Ning Yeshuang , Ding Wei
Published: September 2021

GO is a promising synergistic agent of acaricides against mite pests, and the mechanism of synergistic effects of GO on acaricides was directly inhibiting the transcription of a CPR gene.
Chlorogenic acid and β-glucan from highland barley grain ameliorate β-cell dysfunction via inhibiting apoptosis and improving cell proliferation
Authors: Liu Ze-Hua , Li Bo
Published: September 2021

Chlorogenic acid could inhibit cell apoptosis via targeting GPR40 receptor and regulating PLCβ pathway. Beta glucan could improve cell proliferation via targeting mTOR receptor and regulating Akt/GSL-3β pathway.
Correction: Inhibition and interactions of alpha-amylase by daucosterol from the peel of Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis)
Authors: Gu Yipeng , Yang Xiaomei , Shang Chaojie , Thao Truong Thi Phuong , Koyama Tomoyuki
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Inhibition and interactions of alpha-amylase by daucosterol from the peel of Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis)’ by Yipeng Gu et al., Food Funct., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1FO00887K.
Lignin-containing cellulose nanomaterials: preparation and applications
Authors: Liu Kun , Du Haishun , Zheng Ting , Liu Wei , Zhang Meng , Liu Huayu , Zhang Xinyu , Si Chuanling
Published: September 2021

The preparation strategies of lignin-containing cellulose nanomaterials and their invented and potential applications were comprehensively reviewed.
Boron containing metal–organic framework for highly selective photocatalytic production of H2O2by promoting two-electron O2reduction
Authors: Li Yujie , Ma Fahao , Zheng Liren , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Zeyan , Wang Peng , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao
Published: September 2021

The adsorption sites of boron in UiO-66-B lead to in a larger amount of O2adsorption; and the H+is adsorbed on the oxygen adjacent to boron, which is more conducive to the proton coupling reaction of ˙O2−to H2O2in the second step.
Prediction of ionic conductivity of imidazolium-based ionic liquids at different temperatures using multiple linear regression and support vector machine algorithms
Authors: Koi Zi Kang , Yahya Wan Zaireen Nisa , Kurnia Kiki Adi
Published: September 2021

The conductivity of various imidazolium-based ILs has been predictedviaQSPR approach using MLR and SVM regression coupled with stepwise model-building. This will aid the screening of suitable ILs with desired conductivity for specific applications.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of substance P analogue with potential anti-pseudoallergic activity
Authors: Wang Xiangjun , Lu Jiayu , Zhang Ting , Ge Shuai , Lv Yuexin , Hou Yajing , Yang Xinyue , Wang Cheng , He Huaizhen
Published: September 2021

Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells that can cause allergic reactions.
Can surface capping ligands probe cation exchange in inorganic nanoparticles?
Authors: Rudra Saoni , Bhar Madhumita , Mukherjee Prasun
Published: September 2021

Structural reorganization of surface capping ligands can be used to track cation exchange reactions in inorganic nanoparticles.
The substituent effect on the photophysical and charge transport properties of non-planar dibenzo[a,m]rubicenes
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Dai Jianhong , Song Yan
Published: September 2021

This paper will provide some guidelines on developing new non-planar organic semiconductors with high charge carrier mobilities applied in optoelectronic devices.
A Zn-doped BiOI microsponge-based photocatalyst material for complete photodegradation of environmental contaminants
Authors: Talreja Neetu , Ashfaq Mohammad , Chauhan Divya , Mera Adriana C. , Rodríguez C. A. , Mangalaraja R. V.
Published: September 2021

The present study describes Zn metal incorporation within BiOI microsponge structures for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics.
Construction of molecularly doped and cyano defects co-modified graphitic carbon nitride for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Lin Yinjun , Wang Lifen , Yu Yonghao , Zhang Xueying , Yang Yuanyuan , Guo Wenting , Zhang Ruiqin , Zhai Yunpu , Liu Yonggang
Published: September 2021

The broadening of the π-conjugation system and the introduction of cyano defects together contribute to the increase in photocatalytic activity.
2-Iodosylbenzoic acid activated by trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride: efficient oxidant and electrophilic reagent for preparation of iodonium salts
Authors: Yoshimura Akira , Huss Christopher D. , Saito Akio , Kitamura Tsugio , Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: September 2021

2-Iodosylbenzoic acid in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride is an efficient oxidant and electrophilic reagent useful for preparation of the corresponding alkenyl and aryliodonium salts.
Tuning the electro-optical properties of nanowire networks
Authors: Esteki Koorosh , Manning Hugh G. , Sheerin Emmet , Ferreira Mauro S. , Boland John J. , Gomes da Rocha Claudia
Published: September 2021

Material-by-design approach for tunning electrical and optical properties of flexible transparent conductor nanowire network systems.
Rapidly clearable MnCo2O4@PAA as novel nanotheranostic agents for T1/T2 bimodal MRI imaging-guided photothermal therapy
Authors: Zhao Ying , Liu Yang , Wang Yinghui , Xu Bo , Zhang Songtao , Liu Jianhua , Zhang Tianqi , Jin Longhai , Song Songyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: September 2021

The T1/T2 bimodal MRI imaging ability, excellent treatment efficacy of PTT, and rapid clearance of MnCo2O4@PAA endow them with great potential for further clinical applications.
Biomimetic scaffolds with programmable pore structures for minimum invasive bone repair
Authors: Wang Li , Zeng Xiyang , Yan Guilong , Chen Xiaohu , Luo Kun , Zhou Shiyi , Zhang Peicong , Li Junfeng , Wong Tuck-Whye
Published: September 2021

The pore structure programmability of PUHA scaffolds could be varied by adjusting the HA content and they present excellent cell toxicity and bone conductivity.
Chemical trigger-enabled bioconjugation reaction
Authors: Xie Fayang , Jia Xiangqian , Zhu Zhu , Wu Yunfei , Jiang Haolin , Yang Hongzhi , Cao Yu , Zhu Rui , Zhou Bing , Du Juanjuan , Tang Yefeng
Published: September 2021

An unprecedented bioconjugation reaction has been developed, hinging on a chemical trigger-enabled IEDDA cycloaddition of trans-cycloheptene with tetrazine.