bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of the state of supporting tissues when using different orthopedic structures for immediate loading on dental implants in case of tooth loss on one of the jaws
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine., Proshchenko A. , Proshchenko N. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine., Vefelev S. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The use of fixed prosthetic structures supported by implants in case of partial or complete tooth loss remains relevant. Thanks to the use of intraoral welding of temporary prosthesis elements, the method of manufacturing temporary prosthetic structures has been integrated into the practice of prosthetic dentistry, which allows them to be fixed during dental implantation surgery. The aim of the study is to compare the condition of supporting tissues when using different orthopedic structures for immediate loading on dental implants in case of partial or complete loss of teeth in one of the jaws. For the comparative evaluation of different orthopedic structures on implants for immediate loading, temporary structures made of polymethyl methacrylate, composite structures reinforced with metal beams using intraoral welding, acrylic structures with dentures reinforced with a cast beam were selected. Computed tomography and orthopantomography were used to assess the condition of the bone tissue before implantation, 3 days and 1, 6, months after implantation. The study resulted in the following conclusions. Restoration of complete tooth loss in one of the jaws with fixed orthopedic composite structures reinforced with metal beams using intraoral welding is a promising method that allows to reduce the time of patient rehabilitation, the number of surgical stages and the trauma of the surgical stage of treatment. In this regard, soft and bone tissue trophism is less disturbed, which affects the subsequent osseointegration and functioning of implants. At the same time, the risks of bone resorption are minimized. Clinical evaluation of the tissues around the implants and X-ray analysis of the bone in patients with acrylic structures with set teeth reinforced with cast metal beams showed almost similar results. However, the technique involves additional surgical intervention, which negatively affects the trophism and healing of soft and bone tissues, increases the risk of complications, and extends the rehabilitation period. The use of temporary structures made of polymethyl methacrylate is less appropriate due to their less stable fixation, which can lead to inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the implants and bone resorption. Key words: fixed structures, occlusal relations of the jaws, digital technologies, dental implantation.
Transformando el aprendizaje: el rol de la tecnología digital en la educación patrimonial
Authors: Maya Álvarez Pedro
Published: October 2024

Contribución a la sección Debate de revista PH 114, sobre uso y abuso de las herramientas digitales en educación patrimonial.
C3 glomerulonephritis with genetically confirmed C3 deficiency in a pediatric patient: a case report
Authors: Kim Hae Min , Shin Jae Il , Kim Ji Hong , Oh Jiyoung , Kang Ji-Man , Kang Hee Gyung , Kim Seong Heon , Cho Byoung Soo , Lee Keum Hwa
Published: October 2024

Complement component 3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) is a rare kidney disease characterized by complement dysregulation that results in prominent complement component 3 (C3) deposition in the kidneys. The clinical course of C3GN varies from mild hematuria to progressive chronic kidney disease. In most patients, C3GN is driven by acquired factors, namely, autoantibodies that target C3 or C5 convertases. Genetic variations in complement-related genes are less frequent. We report the case of a 9-yearold Korean boy who presented with microscopic hematuria and a persistently low C3 level and had biopsy findings of C3GN, with the presence of a C3 gene mutation: a frameshift mutation associated with C3 deficiency. However, the patient did not exhibit any other symptoms of complement deficiency. Direct DNA sequencing of his family members revealed the same genetic mutation in his father and older brother. This case report is significant because there are very few such reports worldwide concerning gene mutations related to C3 deficiency to be discovered in patients with C3GN. Explaining C3GN pathogenesis is challenging; therefore, additional research is required in the future.
Diet as a treatment for chronic kidney disease
Authors: Jung Jiwon , Lee Joo Hoon
Published: October 2024

The management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes nutritional interventions aimed at slowing disease progression and mitigating complications. This review examines various dietary approaches for CKD treatment, focusing on carbohydrate intake modulation, ketogenic diets, and plant-based diets. Standard guidelines recommend carbohydrate intake within 45% to 65% of total calories, but there is growing interest in reducing carbohydrate consumption to preserve kidney function. Low-carbohydrate diets (<25% of total calories) have shown benefits in glycemic control and weight reduction but may pose long-term adherence challenges. High-protein, low-carbohydrate diets are discouraged due to associations with hyperfiltration and CKD progression. Limiting fructose intake has been linked to reductions in blood pressure and uric acid levels. Intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets, which promote ketone body production and reduce inflammation, have shown promise in animal models and some human studies, particularly in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, though more research is needed. Plantbased diets, such as the Mediterranean and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diets, offer cardiovascular benefits and may reduce CKD risk but require careful management of potassium intake. Overall, dietary interventions should be individualized, considering potential risks like hyperkalemia and ensuring nutritional adequacy.
Protecting our future: environmental hazards and children’s health in the face of environmental threats: a comprehensive overview
Authors: Lee Jungha , Kim Hyo-Bin , Jung Hun-Jong , Chung Myunghee , Park So Eun , Lee Kon-Hee , Kim Won Seop , Moon Jin-Hwa , Lee Jung Won , Shim Jae Won , Lee Sang Soo , Kang Yunkoo , Yoo Young ,   The Environmental Health Committee of the Korean Pediatric Society
Published: October 2024

Children face the excitement of a changing world but also encounter environmental threats to their health that were neither known nor suspected several decades ago. Children are at particular risk of exposure to pollutants that are widely dispersed in the air, water, and food. Children and adolescents are exposed to chemical, physical, and biological risks at home, in school, and elsewhere. Actions are needed to reduce these risks for children exposed to a series of environmental hazards. Exposure to a number of persistent environmental pollutants including air pollutants, endocrine disruptors, noise, electromagnetic waves (EMWs), tobacco and other noxious substances, heavy metals, and microplastics, is linked to damage to the nervous and immune systems and affects reproductive function and development. Exposure to environmental hazards is responsible for several acute and chronic diseases that have replaced infectious diseases as the principal cause of illnesses and death during childhood. Children are disproportionately exposed to environmental toxicities. Children drink more water, eat more food, and breathe more frequently than adults. As a result, children have a substantially heavier exposure to toxins present in water, food, or air than adults. In addition, their hand-to-mouth behaviors and the fact that they live and play close to the ground make them more vulnerable than adults. Children undergo rapid growth and development processes that are easily disrupted. These systems are very delicate and cannot adequately repair thetional development in children’s environmental health was the Declaration of the Environment Leaders of the Eight on Children’s Environmental Health by the Group of Eight. In 2002, the World Health Organization launched an initiative to improve children’s environmental protection effort. Here, we review major environmental pollutants and related hazards among children and adolescents.
Diet-related behaviors affecting health and substance use among children and adolescents
Authors: Seo Ji-Hyun , Chung Sochung
Published: October 2024

Unhealthy diet-related behaviors and poor diet quality during childhood and adolescence are the main factors contributing to noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiometabolic syndrome. Unhealthy diet-related behaviors can become lifelong habits associated with mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse issues such as smoking, drinking, and other chemical compounds. Children and adolescents are in the developmental stages of brain structure, function, and neurotransmission systems, which can make them more susceptible to substance abuse (tobacco, alcohol, and drugs). Thus, mental health problems and substance use in children and adolescents may originate from unhealthy diet-related behaviors and poor diet quality. Here we reviewed the impact of diet-related behaviors and diet quality on children's and adolescents' physical and mental health and substance use by scrutinizing the 2021 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey (54,848 participants) and other relevant studies.
How to improve the legacy value of your dataset?
Authors: Teixeira Carmen , Moot Derrick , Chapman David
Published: October 2024

na
Condensed tannin expression in white clover leaves for enhanced animal health benefits
Authors: Roldan Marissa , Woodfield Derek , Caradus John , Cousins Greig , Barr Elizabeth , Kaur Rupinder , Voisey Christine
Published: October 2024

Rapid consumption of lush white clover foliage can cause bloat which, in severe cases, can lead to animal death. One way of mitigating against this is to provide a moderate level of condensed tannins (CTs) in the diet. Unfortunately, CTs are largely absent in white clover leaves. Insertion of a transcription factor gene that encodes a CT ‘master switch’ from a distantly related clover species enabled stable production of biologically significant levels of CTs in white clover leaves. Leaf CTs reduced methane emissions in rumen fluid in vitro, however, in high CT producing genotypes, a yield penalty of up to 50% was incurred. To alleviate this issue, genotypes with good herbage yield and CT levels >1.5% of DM were backcrossed to the elite cultivar Mainstay over several generations. Recurrent plant selections, both in the glasshouse and the field, have delivered white clover with commercially acceptable herbage yield combined with a biologically significant level of leaf CTs. Under laboratory conditions clover leaves containing CTs >2.0% DM effectively reduced frothy foam and biofilm formation (P<0.01). Since these are indicators of bloat incidence, this development has the potential to enhance animal health in addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Silvopastoral agroforestry systems for dryland corners in Canterbury farms
Authors: Velarde-Pajares Sandra , Wills Kyle , Wills Kyle , Hajdu Istvan , Tipene Trent , Kalaugher Electra
Published: October 2024

Potential future water constraints on dry areas of Canterbury farms, combined with existing animal welfare requirements, have spurred interest in practices such as agroforestry that can help future proof farming. Agroforestry is the deliberate integration of trees within a livestock grazing system. We surveyed farmers to investigate their understanding of agroforestry, including enablers and barriers to change; and conducted a literature review to identify key agroforestry concepts. We partnered with Ngāi Tahu Farming and Claxby Farms in Canterbury Region to co-develop agroforestry planting plans and completed economic analysis of the agroforestry component of each farm. We also identified other unquantifiable potential benefits of integrating trees on farms. We found that the agroforestry systems designed have positive net present value, internal rate of return, and a positive post carbon income annual cashflow. We have demonstrated that agroforestry is potentially economically viable in Canterbury. Agroforestry systems can be designed to align with the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS) and in turn this would provide financial incentives for establishing trees on dryland corners. The quantified economic outcomes and the identified unquantified benefits warrant further research into integrating agroforestry into dairy and other farming systems around New Zealand.
Can additives or controlled release coating improve the nitrogen use efficiency of urea fertiliser
Authors: Bryant Racheal H. , Greig Jack , Mangwe Mancoba
Published: October 2024

A plot trial was undertaken to determine whether tactical use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied with or without coating or biostimulant improved herbage yield and N use efficiency. A randomised complete block design was used to compare no fertiliser (CON), frequent low rates of urea (FL), infrequent moderate rates of urea (IM), IM with controlled release (IM+CR), IM with Progibb (IM+PG), IM with Agrisea (IM+AS), or IM with N-Boost (IM+NB) on irrigated, grazed perennial ryegrass and white clover dairy pastures in Canterbury. The total annual N applied in all fertilised treatments was 190 kg N/ha.  The use of fertiliser increased annual herbage yield (16.9±0.44 vs 14.5 t DM/ha/y; P<0.05).  Combining urea with a coating or biostimulant altered the distribution of pasture growth, but did not affect net annual production or herbage quality. Due to the lack of response and greater application costs with liquid versus granule products, these results highlight the need to consider expected responses to different fertiliser regimes when adopting practices to achieve economic benefits and N efficiency.
Where to now for forage productivity in dairying?
Authors: Thorrold Bruce
Published: October 2024

There is no serious dispute that farmer profitability and national milk production are underpinned by grazed pasture. DairyNZ data shows that the amount of homegrown pasture and crop consumed is the best predictor of profit per hectare (Macdonald and Roche 2023). National feed consumption data shows that approximately 75% of dairy cattle diets are from directly grazed forages (DairyNZ Economic Survey). The importance of high genetic merit cows and management skill in turning the inherent competitive advantage of grazed pasture into profit and production are also well documented (e.g. Macdonald and Roche 2023).
İcraî Suçlarda Gönüllü Vazgeçmede Failin Kendi Çabalarıyla Suçun Tamamlanmasını Önlemesi
Authors: Balcı Meral
Published: October 2024

Gönüllü vazgeçme, teşebbüsten dolayı cezalandırılmama sonucunu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Gönüllü vazgeçme sadece suçun icrasının yarıda bırakılmasıyla değil, ayrıca suçun tamamlanmasının önlenmesi şeklinde de gerçekleşebilir. Bu şekilde gerçekleşen gönüllü vazgeçmede ele alınması gereken ve tartışma konusu olan bazı hususlar bulunmaktadır. Özellikle vazgeçmenin uygulanabilirliği açısından suçun tamamlanmasının mümkün olması şartı çerçevesinde, Alman Ceza Hukuku doktrininde geliştirilmiş bir kavram olan başarısız teşebbüsün incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Ayrıca suçun tamamlanmasının önlenmesi şeklindeki vazgeçmede failin gönüllü olmasının yanı sıra aktif davranışlara dayanan çabasının varlığı ve bu çabanın kapsamı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu noktada çabayla yakın ilişkili kavram olarak gönüllülük şartına ilişkin genel çerçeve de belirlenmelidir. Çalışmada çaba açısından aktif davranış gerekliliği, failin suçun tamamlanmasının önlenmesine kayıtsız kalması durumları üzerinden somutlaştırılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra failin suçu tamamlamaktan vazgeçmeye karar vermesi ve bunu gerçekleştirmek adına devam eden süreçteki davranışları açısından çabanın belirlenmesi noktasında failin vazgeçme anına kadarki hareketlerinin ortaya çıkardığı zarar veya tehlikenin dikkate alınmasının önemine dikkat çekilmiştir. Söz konusu husus, artık teşebbüsün tespiti açısından önem arz etmeyen tam-eksik teşebbüs ayrımının, gönüllü vazgeçmeye ilişkin değerlendirme bakımından da geri planda kaldığını ortaya koymak bakımından dikkate değerdir.
Devlet Alanında Zamanı Anlamlandırma Yetkisinin Hukuki Boyutu
Authors: Aydın Özgür
Published: October 2024

Bu makalede, devlet alanında zamanı yorumlama ve anlamlandırma yetkisinin hukuki sınırları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Zaman, insanlık tarihi boyunca bilimin her alanında anlaşılmaya çalışılan kavramlardan birisidir. Araştırma sürecinde zaman ve insan ilişkisi, gündelik hayatta zamanın insan yaşamındaki önemi sorgulanmaktadır. Sosyal gruplar içinde insanın zamana ilişkin yorum yapabilme ve anlamlandırma özgürlüğünü kısıtlayan iktidar öbekleri tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Devlet alanı dikkate alındığında, insanın zamanı anlamlandırmasında etkisi görülen en kapsamlı ve üstün gücün siyasi iktidar olduğu görülmektedir. Siyasi iktidarların tarihsel süreçte zamanı yorumlama faaliyetleri ve bu faaliyetleri gerçekleştirirken amaçlarının ne olduğu irdelenmektedir. Siyasi iktidarların takvimleri belirleme faaliyetleri ile insanın ihtiyaçları arasındaki ilişkiye dikkat çekilmektedir. Siyasi iktidarların zamanı keyfiyetle yorumlama faaliyetlerini sınırlayan hukuk düzeni anlaşılmaya çalışılmaktadır. İnsan hakları, kuvvetler ayrılığı ve hukuk devleti ilkeleri bakımından zamanı anlamlandırmanın önemi tespit edilmektedir.
Ulaşılan veriler ekseninde, siyasi iktidarın zamanı yorumlama faaliyetlerinde uyması gereken modern hukuk düzeninin ilkeleri ortaya konmaktadır. Teknolojik gelişmelerin sosyal hayattaki etkisi dikkate alınarak, zamanı yeniden yorumlamayı gerektirecek sebepler gösterilmektedir.
İşkoliklik ve İş - Aile Çatışması Yaşam Tatminini Etkiler Mi? Üniversite İdari Personeli Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: Erbir Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Bu araştırma üniversitelerde görevli idari personelin işkoliklik ve iş aile çatışması düzeylerinin yaşam tatminine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemini Ankara ilinde bulunan üniversitelerde idari personel olarak çalışan bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya kamu üniversitelerinden 264 vakıf üniversitelerinden 202 olmak üzere toplam 466 kişi katılmıştır. Veri toplama tekniği olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Örneklem grubu belirlenirken “basit tesadüfi örnekleme” yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada toplanan veriler “nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama deseni” kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Veri analizleri SPSS paket programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırma verileri normal dağılım sergilemektedir. Değişkenler arası ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi için “doğrusal korelasyon”, bağımsız değişkenlerin bağımlı değişkene etkisinin belirlenebilmesi için “çoklu regresyon analizleri” yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre yaşam tatmininin hem işkoliklik düzeyi ile hem de iş aile çatışması ile negatif ilişkiler içerisinde olduğu görülmektedir. Diğer bir sonuca göre iş aile çatışması yaşam tatminini olumsuz yönde etkilerken işkoliklik düzeyindeki artışın yaşam tatminine bir etkisi bulunmamaktadır.
The Small-Scale Tuna Fishery in Leyte, Philippines: Fishing Gears, Practices, Catch Rate and Composition
Authors: Picoy-gonzales Rizalyn Masinsin , Reducto Christian O.
Published: October 2024

The Philippines is a significant tuna producer globally and ranks among the major tuna-fishing nations. One of the various areas where tuna fishery occurs in the country is the province of Leyte in Eastern Visayas. However, available information on the fishery in the province is limited. Thus, this study aimed to provide comprehensive information on the current status of small-scale tuna fishery in selected municipalities in Leyte, particularly on the types of fishing gears used, practices employed by fishers, and the catch rate and composition of the gears. This study used a purposive sampling method, and data were gathered through face-to-face interviews with a total of 68 small-scale tuna fishers, and actual catch sampling. The respondents’ involvement in tuna fishing ranged from 3 to 60 years with a mean of 26±13 years. A total of three different types of hook and line gear used in the fishery were recorded, namely: 1) paired troll line, 2) single troll line, and 3) single hook and line with float. The paired troll line is the most commonly used gear among tuna fishers. The mean catch per unit effort varies depending on the fishing gear type. The catch composition of the three gears based on the actual catch sampling was comprised of four tuna species including longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol (50.48%), big-eye tuna T. obesus (21.90%), eastern little tuna Euthynnus affinis (18.10%), frigate tuna Auxis thazard (3.81%), and two other species including Megalapis cordyla (3.81%) and Scomberomorus commerson (1.90%). The current major issues in the fishery include catch seasonality, illegal fishing, and border restriction.
Mind Mapping Method: Its Effectiveness for Teaching Vocabulary
Authors: Jamaludin Habib , Ma'rifatulloh Sayid
Published: October 2024

The memorization method used by the teacher made the students bored in their vocabulary class so they had low vocabulary mastery. Therefore, the researchers conducted a pre- experimental study by implementing mind mapping method to teach vocabulary. The study purpose was to find out whether or not mind mapping method was effective for teaching vocabulary. The research design used was one group pre-test post-test. This study population was 180 students of class VIII at a private Junior high school in Gresik. Meanwhile, this study sample was 30 students of class VIII D taken using a purposive sampling. The instruments used were the vocabulary pre-test and post-test. After the pre-test and post-test data was collected, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Then, the data were calculated their normality and analyzed using a paired sample test. The results showed that: (1) the average score of the pre-test was 56.67, the mean score of the post-test was 72 and the sig. (2-tailed) score of the paired sample test was 0.000. Thus, it can be said that the student’s vocabulary mastery became better after the mind mapping method implementation and mind mapping method was effective for teaching vocabulary.
Regulated cell death in chronic kidney disease: current evidence and future clinical perspectives
Authors: Giuliani Kurt T. K. , Adams Benjamin C. , Healy Helen G. , Kassianos Andrew J.
Published: October 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of kidney function/structure over a period of at least 3 months. It is characterised histologically by the triad of cell loss, inflammation and fibrosis. This literature review focuses on the forms of cell death that trigger downstream inflammation and fibrosis, collectively called regulated cell death (RCD) pathways. Discrete forms of RCD have emerged as central mediators of CKD pathology. In particular, pathways of regulated necrosis – including mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP)-mediated necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis – have been shown to mediate kidney pathology directly or through the release of danger signals that trigger a pro-inflammatory response, further amplifying tissue injury in a cellular process called necroinflammation. Despite accumulating evidence in pre-clinical models, no clinical studies have yet targeted these RCD modes in human CKD. The review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of RCD pathways in CKD, looks at inter-relations between the pathways (with the emphasis on propagation of death signals) and the evidence for therapeutic targeting of molecules in the RCD pathways to prevent or treat CKD.
Oliguria as a diagnostic marker of severe leptospirosis: a study from the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine
Authors: Petakh Pavlo , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

Leptospirosis is an emerging illness presenting a broad range of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic or mild cases to severe and fatal outcomes. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment; however, similar clinical presentations in various febrile illnesses or co-infections, along with challenges in laboratory diagnostics, can lead to misdiagnosis and severe consequences. Identifying clinical predictors for severe forms of the disease is essential in mitigating complications and reducing mortality. Consequently, we conducted a retrospective case-control study to identify clinical markers indicative of severe disease in leptospirosis patients from the Transcarpathian region. The study focused on patients admitted with clinically suspected leptospirosis, involving a total of 51 diagnosed cases, with 13 resulting in severe outcomes and death. Categorical variables were analyzed using χ2, revealing a mean patient age of 50 years, predominantly male (n = 36, 70.5%). Oliguria emerged as a significant independent factor associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR], 13.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.56–71.12; p = 0.001). Additionally, our analysis uncovered a noteworthy increase in leptospirosis notification rates in Transcarpathian compared to Ukraine, with 150 cases out of the total 433 in Ukraine. The highest notification rates were observed in Mukachevo District and Perechyn District. These findings highlight the importance of early recognition of key clinical markers, such as oliguria, which are critical for predicting severe outcomes in leptospirosis patients. The higher notification rates in Transcarpathian regions also underscore the need for enhanced surveillance, targeted public health interventions, and timely treatment to reduce mortality in endemic areas.
Secure communication in the digital age: a new paradigm with graph-based encryption algorithms
Authors: Ali Nasir , Sadiqa Ayesha , Shahzad Muhammad Amir , Imran Qureshi Muhammad , Siddiqui Hafiz Muhammad Afzal , Abdallah Suhad Ali Osman , Abd El-Gawaad Nashaat S.
Published: October 2024

In the contemporary technological landscape, ensuring confidentiality is a paramount concern addressed through various skillsets. Cryptography stands out as a scientific methodology for safeguarding communication against unauthorized access. Within the realm of cryptography, numerous encryption algorithms have been developed to enhance data security. Recognizing the imperative for nonstandard encryption algorithms to counter traditional attacks, this paper puts forth novel encryption techniques. These methods leverage special corona graphs, star graphs, and complete bipartite graphs, incorporating certain algebraic properties to bolster the secure transmission of messages. The introduction of these proposed encryption schemes aims to elevate the level of security in confidential communication, some of the applications of these schemes are given in the later section.
IGF-1 levels in the general population, heart failure patients, and individuals with acromegaly: differences and projections from meta-analyses—a dual perspective
Authors: Hu Yan , Jiang Yinling , Duan Lixia , Yang Songwei , Tuniyazi Subinur , Zou Jianghua , Ma Rui , Muhemaitibieke Gulina , Amuti Xiayidanguli , Guo Yanying
Published: October 2024

Background

The complex relationship between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and heart failure (HF) is not fully understood, particularly across different populations and conditions. This meta-analysis aims to elucidate the dual perspectives of IGF-1 levels in the general population, HF patients, and individuals with treatment-naïve acromegaly, highlighting IGF-1 as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target in HF management.

Methods

Studies were searched across multiple electronic databases up to January 2024 and independently identified by reviewers. The outcomes were analyzed using RevMan 5.4 and STATA 15.

Results

A total of 25 articles were ultimately included in the analysis. Six studies compared IGF-1 levels between HF patients and non-HF controls, revealing significantly lower IGF-1 levels in HF patients (mean difference −20.93; 95% CI −37.88 to −3.97; p = 0.02). This reduction was consistent across various HF subtypes and severities. In addition, individuals with intermediate IGF-1 levels had a lower risk of developing HF [risk ratio (RR) 0.78; 95% CI 0.74–0.83; p < 0.01] and HF-related mortality (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97, 0.99; p < 0.01) compared to those with low IGF-1 levels, suggesting a protective role for maintaining adequate IGF-1 levels. Conversely, treatment-naïve acromegaly patients, characterized by excessively high IGF-1 levels, showed a significantly higher incidence of both diastolic HF [odds ratio (OR) 9.08; 95% CI 6.20–13.29; p < 0.01] and systolic HF (OR 13.1; 95% CI 6.64–25.84; p < 0.01), implicating supraphysiological IGF-1 levels in adverse cardiac outcomes.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis highlights the complex interplay between IGF-1 levels and HF. We found that reduced IGF-1 levels are commonly observed in HF patients and are associated with an increased risk of HF and higher HF-related mortality. Conversely, excessively high levels, as observed in acromegaly, are linked to a higher incidence of HF. Based on these results, it is recommended that cardiac function be closely monitored in patients with reduced IGF-1 levels and in those with acromegaly. These findings suggest that IGF-1 could hold potential prognostic value for risk stratification in HF.
Nonsurgical root canal treatment of an Oehlers type IIIa maxillary central incisor with dens invaginatus: a case report
Authors: Inoue Ayumi , Kawanishi Yuzo , Okamoto Motoki , Hayashi Mikako
Published: October 2024

Dens invaginatus has a complex anatomy, making endodontic treatment challenging. We report the case of a 11-year-old girl who presented with radiolucency at the apex of the maxillary central incisor; she was diagnosed with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed dens invaginatus. The invagination and root canal were observed using a dental operating microscope, and nonsurgical root canal treatment was performed. The invagination was connected to the periodontal tissue, and the tooth was classified as Oehlers type IIIa. Root canal preparations were performed using NiTi files and an ultrasonic device. A calcium hydroxide paste was used as an intracanal dressing. The root canal was filled using a single-cone hydraulic condensation technique with a highly fluid calcium silicate-based sealer. At the 2-year follow-up, no clinical symptoms were observed, and CBCT images revealed no radiographic lesions. Nonsurgical endodontic treatment using CBCT imaging, dental microscope, effective cleaning systems, and a highly fluid sealer facilitated the successful treatment of apical periodontitis attributed to dens invaginatus. The single-cone hydraulic condensation technique using a bio-ceramic sealer is considered effective even in cases with a complex morphology and open apex.
Examining and comparing the relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge across four samples
Authors: Edelsbrunner Peter Adriaan , Hofer Sarah Isabelle
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Whereas it is commonly assumed that in learning science, representational competence is a critical prerequisite for the acquisition of conceptual knowledge, comprehensive psychometric investigations of this assumption are rare. We undertake a step in this direction by re-analyzing the data from a recent study that found a substantial correlation between the two constructs in undergraduates in the context of field representations and electromagnetism.

Methods

In this pre-registered contribution, we re-analyzed the data (N = 515 undergraduate students; Mage = 21.81, SDage = 4.04) to examine whether the relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge, both measured with psychometrically validated test instruments, is similar or varies between four samples from two countries. To this end, we employed correlational analysis and scatter plots. Employing these methods, we examined whether a positive relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge can be found and is of similar magnitude in all samples. We also employed multiple-group latent profile analysis to examine how the more detailed association between the two constructs varies or is similar across samples.

Results

We found that the relation between the two constructs was positive in all four samples, but was stronger in the samples consisting primarily of engineering and physics students than in environmental sciences and teacher education-students. All latent profiles indicated that high representational competence is a prerequisite for high conceptual knowledge, but not vice versa. We found little relation to learners’ gender and topic-specific learning opportunities in high school.

Discussion

These results indicate that the qualitative findings of a positive relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge, with no evidence of learners that achieve high conceptual knowledge with low representational competence, generalize across different populations. We derive hypotheses for further moderating factors that can be examined in future research.
Comparative efficacy, toxicity, and insulin-suppressive effects of simvastatin and pravastatin in fatty acid-challenged mouse insulinoma MIN6 β-cell model
Authors: Arefanian Hossein , Sindhu Sardar , Al-Rashed Fatema , Alzaid Fawaz , Al Madhoun Ashraf , Qaddoumi Mohammed , Bahman Fatemah , Williams Michayla R. , Albeloushi Shaima , Almansour Nourah , Ahmad Rasheed , Al-Mulla Fahd
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Familial hypercholesterolemia, the highly prevalent form of dyslipidemia, is a well-known risk factor for premature heart disease and stroke worldwide. Statins, which inhibit 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, are the first-choice treatment for dyslipidemias, and have been effective in reducing the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. However, emerging evidence indicates that statins may increase the incidence of new-onset type 2 diabetes by reducing β-cell mass and function. Notably, past in vitro reports studying the effects of statins on β-cells were performed without including free fatty acids in the model. This factor should have been addressed since these agents are used to treat individuals with hyperlipidemia.

Methods

Here, we used a mouse insulinoma MIN6 β-cell culture model to assess the efficacy, cytotoxicity, and insulin-suppressive effects of simvastatin and pravastatin in the presence of palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids cocktail to mimic mixed lipids challenge in a biologically relevant setting.

Results and discussion

Our findings indicate that simvastatin was more effective in lowering intracellular cholesterol but was more cytotoxic as compared to pravastatin. Similarly, simvastatin exhibited a higher suppression of total insulin content and insulin secretion. Both drugs suppressed insulin secretion in phases 1 and 2, dose-dependently. No significant effect was observed on mitochondrial respiration. More importantly, elution experiments showed that insulin content diminution by simvastatin treatment was reversible, while exogenous mevalonate did not improve total insulin content. This suggests that simvastatin's influence on insulin content is independent of its specific inhibitory action on HMG-CoA reductase. In conclusion, our study identified that simvastatin was more effective in lowering intracellular cholesterol, albeit it was more toxic and suppressive of β-cells function. Notably, this suppression was found to be reversible.
A multi-energy inertia-based coordinated voltage and frequency regulation in isolated hybrid power system using PI-TISMC
Authors: Kumar Kothalanka K. Pavan , Das Dulal Chandra , Soren Nirmala , Veerendra A. S. , Flah Aymen , Alkuhayli Abdulaziz , Ullah Rahmat
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes novel multi-energy inertia support for simultaneous frequency and voltage control of an isolated hybrid power system (IHPS). Multi-energy storage (gas inertia – hydrogen storage, thermal inertia – solar thermal storage, hydro inertia – gravity hydro storage, chemical inertia – battery energy storage) supported by demand side management (DSM) for simultaneous voltage and frequency regulation and backed by biodiesel generators, are the essential elements of IHPS. A novel control strategy of concurrent virtual droop control, virtual damping control, virtual inertia control, and virtual negative inertia control is proposed to utilise multiple inertia sources and to improve LFC and AVR performance effectively. The effective coordination of inertia sources in eradicating oscillations in IHPS, is aided by a developed cascaded proportional integral-tilt-integral-sliding mode (PI-TISMC) controller. The performance of PI-TISMC is compared with PID, PI-PID, and PI-SMC controllers. A maiden attempt has been done by training five diverse classes of optimization techniques to optimize the parameters of controllers in the present work. The results are evaluated in MATLAB and it is evident from the results that the performance of frequency control is improved by 6.5%, 7.8% and 3.4 s (over shoot, undershoot, and settling time). The performance of frequency control is improved by 6.5%, 7.8% and 3.4 s (over shoot, undershoot, and settling time). Similarly, the performance of voltage control is improved by 6.7%, 4.8% and 2.3 s (over shoot, undershoot, and settling time) by employing developed PI-TISMC controller and proposed concurrent inertia control. The combination exhibits superior performance in minimizing oscillations in IHPS due to variations in loading and solar insolation.
A non-intrusive fine-grained load identification method based on three-dimensional voltage–current trajectories
Authors: Bian Haihong , Zhang Zhiyuan
Published: October 2024

Addressing issues such as high hardware costs, low recognition accuracy, and the inability to achieve fine-grained equipment classification, a non-invasive load fine-grained recognition system based on FPGA was developed and tested on a Linux system for online training. A three-dimensional (3D) image construction method based on color coding of voltage–current (V-I) trajectories is proposed to preprocess the collected voltage and current data, allowing for the distinction of features of various electrical equipment in multiple dimensions. First, high-frequency sampling data is preprocessed to extract the V-I trajectory and higher harmonic characteristics of the load. Then, the V-I trajectory is processed using RGB color coding and fused with higher-order harmonic features to construct a 3D image. This results in a 3D color V-I trajectory image that incorporates both color and harmonic features. Finally, the improved ResNet50 network is employed to identify the load characteristics, and the method is validated using the PLAID dataset and measured data. The load identification method achieves an accuracy rate of over 98%, enhancing the information conveyed by the V-I trajectory and improving the uniqueness of load characteristics, thereby enabling fine-grained equipment identification. This advancement holds significant implications for energy conservation and emission reduction in household electricity consumption, as well as for eliminating potential safety hazards associated with electrical equipment.
How do higher education policies influence the shaping of sustainable development values in China: a three-dimensional framework
Authors: Wei Changwei , Chen Jiali
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In the face of global challenges, higher education is regarded as an important force to promote the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Existing research has focused on articulating and analyzing the impact of value shaping for sustainable growth in higher education, although articulation and systematic analysis of higher education policy remain lacking.

Methods

Based on the policy tool perspective, this paper constructed a three-dimensional analysis framework by using content analysis and the PMC index model to undertake a thorough analysis of higher education policies published at the central level in China from 2009 to 2024.

Results

This study found that current higher education policies had multiple impacts on the formation of sustainable development values: (1) In the four dimensions of sustainable development proposed by the United Nations, China's higher education policy had shown clear guiding ideology and action direction; (2) In shaping sustainable values, China's higher education policies showed clear progress in three key dimensions; (3) The value and innovation of this study in shaping the values of sustainable development in higher education policies were primarily expressed in the following aspects.

Discussion

This paper suggested a way for optimizing the design of China's higher education policies, providing empirical data and theoretical support for China's higher education policies to better promote the ideals of sustainable development.
Candida albicans infection model in Drosophila melanogaster suggests a strain-specific virulent factor boosting a stormy innate immune response
Authors: Cortacans Mariona , Arch Marta , Fuentes Esther , Cardona Pere-Joan
Published: October 2024

Intorduction

Pathogens drive the evolution of host defence strategies, with both innate and adaptive immune systems playing key roles. Priming enhances the innate immune system’s readiness by functionally reprogramming immune cells after initial exposure to stimuli, like β-glucans. In this sense, Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable model to evaluate the role of innate immunity to control infections.

Objectives

In this study we aimed to set light on the immune priming effect of oral treatment with heat-killed M. manresensis and two different heat-killed C. albicans isolates upon systemic infection by C. albicans in the D. melanogaster model.

Methods

A clinical and a control ATCC 90028 Candida albicans strain were used. Flies were primed through oral administration of heat-killed C. albicans (hkCa), both clinical and control, and hk-Mycolicibacterium manresensis. After priming, flies were systemically infected with both C. albicans isolates. Host survival, pathogen load, and immune response in response to treatment and infection were evaluated.

Results

Both treatments showed a significant capacity to enhance the expression of antimicrobial peptides, in particular Diptericin, and Drosomycin in males. This response had a marked sexual dimorphism due to the difference in Upd3, Nox, and Duox expression. Surprisingly, even when priming was able to avoid the growth of both C. albicans strains, survival was not improved in the case of the clinical isolate, causing an unexpected mortality rate in hours, regardless of the host’s sex. Gene expression analysis 24 hours post-infection showed an exacerbated increase in Diptericin, Drosomycin and Upd3 expression upon infection with the clinical strain.

Conclusion

Data herein suggests the presence of a strain-specific component in C. albicans as the booster of a “stormy” innate immune response, which must be further investigated, and position D. melanogaster as a useful model for evaluating virulent factors related to the modulation of the innate immunity.
Case report: Partial regression of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma with altered azathioprine dosage after long-term use in renal transplant patient
Authors: Ormston Tegan , Da Gama Duarte Jessica , Quigley Luke T. , Jackett Louise , Whitlam John , Behren Andreas , Gyorki David E.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

We report the partial regression of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after reduction of long-term azathioprine therapy while awaiting surgery. The patient was a 69-year-old man with a history of kidney transplantation. Moderately differentiated SCC arising in the anterior neck was initially diagnosed, followed later by poorly differentiated SCC metastases to cervical lymph nodes. Lymph node clearance was performed 28 days after a reduction in azathioprine dosage. The palpable lymph node lesion had noticeably decreased in size at the time of surgery, and subsequent histology only detected 7mm and 0.2mm deposits of poorly differentiated SCC in 2 of 5 level I nodes, and a further 10 reactive nodes from levels II and III. One positive level I and another benign level II/III node, demonstrated necrosis, histiocytic infiltration and fibrosis, interpreted as features of regression. Hence, we investigated the role of immune cells in the partial regression of metastatic SCC after reduction of long-term azathioprine therapy while awaiting surgery.

Methods

Multispectral immunohistochemistry using custom markers was performed on regions of interest of excised cervical lymph nodes, encompassing the entire SCC deposit and the surrounding adjacent stroma to quantify to number and types of immune cells present.

Results

Multispectral immunohistochemistry revealed the heavy infiltration of activated T cells in the tumour, as well as PD-L1+ antigen-presenting cells in the surrounding adjacent stroma, suggesting an immunologically mediated partial regression.

Discussion

We hypothesize that this reaction was triggered by azathioprine dose reduction. Dose modification of long-term immunosuppressive medications in patients with a transplantation history who later develop SCCs warrants further investigation.
Insights into the historical trajectory and research trends of immune checkpoint blockade in colorectal cancer: visualization and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Chang Yonglong , Zhou Xuhui , Nie Kechao , Liu Jinhui , Zhang Sifang
Published: October 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor that poses a significant threat to human health due to rising incidence and mortality rates. In recent years, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, represented by Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), and others, has been widely applied in CRC and has achieved encouraging results in some patients and has become a hot topic in both clinical and basic research.

Objective

This study undertakes a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of ICB research in CRC, aiming to evaluate the current status, identify future trends, and provide scientific insights for researchers and decision-makers.

Methods

Utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), articles focusing on ICB in CRC from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved. Knowledge mapping and bibliometric analysis were conducted using tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, SCImago Graphicay, and the R package bibliometrix.

Results

6,718 publications were analyzed from 24,846 institutions across 639 regions. Temporally, ICB research in CRC is rapidly advancing, led by the USA and China with extensive global collaborations. Sun Yat-sen University from China stands out as the institution with the highest number of publications. Professor Thierry Andre from Sorbonne University in France is identified as a prolific author in this field, engaging in extensive collaboration for clinical trials on a global scale. Publications related to this research topic were published in 1,142 academic journals, demonstrating a positive co-citation relationship. Key clustering and burst terms analysis indicate that current research on ICB in CRC has shifted from basic experiments to clinical trials and from universal healthcare to precision medicine.

Conclusion

ICB therapies have shown substantial progress in CRC, highlighting their therapeutic potential. Research trends emphasize deeper drug mechanisms, treatment efficacy prediction, managing immune-related adverse events, and exploring novel drug delivery methods. Collaboration across borders remains crucial for further advancements.