bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of no-carrier-added [188, 189, 191Pt]cisplatin from a cyclotron produced 188, 189, 191PtCl42− complex
Authors: Obata Honoka , Minegishi Katsuyuki , Nagatsu Kotaro , Ogawa Mikako , Zhang Ming-Rong
Published: April 2021

We developed a novel method for production of no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) [188, 189, 191Pt]PtIICl42− from an Ir target material, and then synthesized n.c.a. [*Pt]cis-[PtIICl2(NH3)2] ([*Pt]cisplatin) from [*Pt]PtIICl42−. [*Pt]PtIICl42− was prepared as a synthetic precursor of n.c.a. *Pt complex by a combination of resin extraction and anion-exchange chromatography after the selective reduction of IrIVCl62− with ascorbic acid. The ligand-substitution reaction of Cl with NH3 was promoted by treating n.c.a. [*Pt]PtIICl42− with excess NH3 and heating the reaction mixture, and n.c.a. [*Pt]cisplatin was successfully produced without employing precipitation routes. After this treatment, [*Pt]cisplatin was isolated through preparative HPLC with a radiochemical purity of 99 + % at the end of synthesis (EOS).
How the first years of motherhood impact the cardiac autonomic profile of female healthcare professionals: a study by heart rate variability analysis
Authors: Dalla Vecchia Laura Adelaide , De Maria Beatrice , Cassetti Giuseppina , Clementi Letizia , De Grazia Valeria , Perego Francesca , Porta Alberto
Published: April 2021

The conciliation between career and family is a relevant issue for working women, in particular during the first years of motherhood. Data about the state of the cardiac autonomic regulation in working women with preschoolers are lacking. Aim of this study was to compare the cardiac autonomic profile of female healthcare professionals with and without preschoolers via the analysis of the variability of the time distance between two consecutive R-wave peaks (RR) from standard 24-h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG). Fifty healthy active female healthcare professionals were enrolled: 25 with at least one preschooler (W_KID) and 25 without (W_NOKID). A standard Holter ECG was obtained during a regular working day. Segments of 5000 consecutive RRs were selected during daytime (DAY) and nighttime (NIGHT). Heart rate variability analysis was performed and the following parameters were considered for comparison between the two groups: mean (μRR), variance (σ2RR), and the absolute power in high frequency component (HF) of RR (HFRR) series. HFRR was considered as a marker of vagal cardiac modulation. Only µRR significantly increased from DAY to NIGHT in both groups (699 ± 88 vs 887 ± 140 ms in W_KID and 728 ± 90 vs 942 ± 166 ms in W_NOKID). Instead, σ2RR and HFRR increased from DAY to NIGHT only in W_NOKID (from 3334 ± 2153 to 4816 ± 4063 ms2 and from 356 ± 334 to 1397 ± 1629 ms2, respectively). W_KID showed lower σ2RR and HFRR during NIGHT, compared to W_NOKID (2336 ± 3170 vs 4816 ± 4063 ms2 and 556 ± 950 vs 1397 ± 1629 ms2, respectively). The perceived stress according to the visual analogue scale was similar in the two groups (4.7 ± 2.1 in W_KID, 5.7 ± 2.1 in W_NOKID). The presence of preschoolers lowered nocturnal cardiac vagal modulation in female healthcare professionals. This might represent an adaptation with a finalistic purpose, scilicet the facilitation of a prompt reaction in case of a child’s need.
A deep learning model for the classification of indeterminate lung carcinoma in biopsy whole slide images
Authors: Kanavati Fahdi , Toyokawa Gouji , Momosaki Seiya , Takeoka Hiroaki , Okamoto Masaki , Yamazaki Koji , Takeo Sadanori , Iizuka Osamu , Tsuneki Masayuki
Published: April 2021

The differentiation between major histological types of lung cancer, such as adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is of crucial importance for determining optimum cancer treatment. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-stained slides of small transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) are one of the primary sources for making a diagnosis; however, a subset of cases present a challenge for pathologists to diagnose from H&E-stained slides alone, and these either require further immunohistochemistry or are deferred to surgical resection for definitive diagnosis. We trained a deep learning model to classify H&E-stained Whole Slide Images of TBLB specimens into ADC, SCC, SCLC, and non-neoplastic using a training set of 579 WSIs. The trained model was capable of classifying an independent test set of 83 challenging indeterminate cases with a receiver operator curve area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99. We further evaluated the model on four independent test sets—one TBLB and three surgical, with combined total of 2407 WSIs—demonstrating highly promising results with AUCs ranging from 0.94 to 0.99.
Climate change and specialty coffee potential in Ethiopia
Authors: Chemura Abel , Mudereri Bester Tawona , Yalew Amsalu Woldie , Gornott Christoph
Published: April 2021

Current climate change impact studies on coffee have not considered impact on coffee typicities that depend on local microclimatic, topographic and soil characteristics. Thus, this study aims to provide a quantitative risk assessment of the impact of climate change on suitability of five premium specialty coffees in Ethiopia. We implement an ensemble model of three machine learning algorithms to predict current and future (2030s, 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) suitability for each specialty coffee under four Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). Results show that the importance of variables determining coffee suitability in the combined model is different from those for specialty coffees despite the climatic factors remaining more important in determining suitability than topographic and soil variables. Our model predicts that 27% of the country is generally suitable for coffee, and of this area, only up to 30% is suitable for specialty coffees. The impact modelling showed that the combined model projects a net gain in coffee production suitability under climate change in general but losses in five out of the six modelled specialty coffee growing areas. We conclude that depending on drivers of suitability and projected impacts, climate change will significantly affect the Ethiopian speciality coffee sector and area-specific adaptation measures are required to build resilience.
Seasonal calving in European Prehistoric cattle and its impacts on milk availability and cheese-making
Authors: Balasse Marie , Gillis Rosalind , Živaljević Ivana , Berthon Rémi , Kovačiková Lenka , Fiorillo Denis , Arbogast Rose-Marie , Bălăşescu Adrian , Bréhard Stéphanie , Nyerges Éva Á. , Dimitrijević Vesna , Bánffy Eszter , Domboróczki László , Marciniak Arkadiusz , Oross Krisztián , Vostrovská Ivana , Roffet-Salque Mélanie , Stefanović Sofija , Ivanova Maria
Published: April 2021

Present-day domestic cattle are reproductively active throughout the year, which is a major asset for dairy production. Large wild ungulates, in contrast, are seasonal breeders, as were the last historic representatives of the aurochs, the wild ancestors of cattle. Aseasonal reproduction in cattle is a consequence of domestication and herding, but exactly when this capacity developed in domestic cattle is still unknown and the extent to which early farming communities controlled the seasonality of reproduction is debated. Seasonal or aseasonal calving would have shaped the socio-economic practices of ancient farming societies differently, structuring the agropastoral calendar and determining milk availability where dairying is attested. In this study, we reconstruct the calving pattern through the analysis of stable oxygen isotope ratios of cattle tooth enamel from 18 sites across Europe, dating from the 6th mill. cal BC (Early Neolithic) in the Balkans to the 4th mill. cal BC (Middle Neolithic) in Western Europe. Seasonal calving prevailed in Europe between the 6th and 4th millennia cal BC. These results suggest that cattle agropastoral systems in Neolithic Europe were strongly constrained by environmental factors, in particular forage resources. The ensuing fluctuations in milk availability would account for cheese-making, transforming a seasonal milk supply into a storable product.
Role of hepatitis D virus infection in development of hepatocellular carcinoma among chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogues
Authors: Jang Tyng-Yuan , Wei Yu-Ju , Liu Ta-Wei , Yeh Ming-Lun , Liu Shu-Fen , Hsu Cheng-Ting , Hsu Po-Yao , Lin Yi-Hung , Liang Po-Cheng , Hsieh Meng-Hsuan , Ko Yu-Min , Tsai Yi-Shan , Chen Kuan-Yu , Lin Ching-Chih , Tsai Pei-Chien , Wang Shu-Chi , Huang Ching-I. , Lin Zu-Yau , Chen Shinn-Cherng , Chuang Wan-Long , Huang Jee-Fu , Dai Chia-Yen , Huang Chung-Feng , Yu Ming-Lung
Published: April 2021

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the natural course of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Its role in patients treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogues (NAs) is unclear. We aimed to study the role of hepatitis D in the development of HCC in CHB patients treated with NAs. Altogether, 1349 CHB patients treated with NAs were tested for anti-HDV antibody and RNA. The incidence and risk factors of HCC development were analyzed. Rates of anti-HDV and HDV RNA positivity were 2.3% and 1.0%, respectively. The annual incidence of HCC was 1.4 per 100 person-years after a follow-up period of over 5409.5 person-years. The strongest factor association with HCC development was liver cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR]/95% confidence interval [CI] 9.98/5.11–19.46, P < 0.001), followed by HDV RNA positivity (HR/ CI 5.73/1.35–24.29, P = 0.02), age > 50 years old (HR/CI 3.64/2.03–6.54, P < 0.001), male gender (HR/CI 2.69/1.29–5.60, P: 0.01), and body mass index (BMI, HR/CI 1.11/1.03–1.18, P = 0.004). The 5-year cumulative incidence of HCC was 7.3% for patients with HDV RNA negativity compared to that of 22.2% for patients with HDV RNA positivity (P = 0.01). In the subgroup of cirrhotic patients, the factors associated with HCC development were HDV RNA positivity (HR/CI 4.45/1.04–19.09, P = 0.04) and BMI (HR/CI 1.11/1.03–1.19, P = 0.01). HDV viremia played a crucial role in HCC development in CHB patients who underwent NA therapy.
Retraction Note: MircoRNA-33a inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis and could be a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Lihua , Yang Jie , Li Jingqiu , Shen Xingkai , Le Yanping , Zhou Chengwei , Wang Shaomin , Zhang Shun , Xu Dazhi , Gong Zhaohui
Published: April 2021

Editor's Note: this Article has been retracted; the Retraction Note is available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88178-8.
Author Correction: Evolutionary divergence of novel open reading frames in cichlids speciation
Authors: Puntambekar Shraddha , Newhouse Rachel , San-Miguel Jaime , Chauhan Ruchi , Vernaz Grégoire , Willis Thomas , Wayland Matthew T. , Umrania Yagnesh , Miska Eric A. , Prabakaran Sudhakaran
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Fabrication of desalination membranes by interfacial polymerization: history, current efforts, and future directions
Authors: Lu Xinglin , Elimelech Menachem
Published: April 2021

This tutorial review covers the history, current progress, and future research directions of interfacial polymerization for making high-performance desalination membranes.
Correction: Bypassing the requirement for aminoacyl-tRNA by a cyclodipeptide synthase enzyme
Authors: Harding Christopher J. , Sutherland Emmajay , Hanna Jane G. , Houston Douglas R. , Czekster Clarissa M.
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘Bypassing the requirement for aminoacyl-tRNA by a cyclodipeptide synthase enzyme’ by Christopher J. Harding et al., RSC Chem. Biol., 2021, 2, 230–240, DOI: 10.1039/D0CB00142B.
Synthesis of pyrazole anchored three-coordinated organoboranes and their application in the detection of picric acid
Authors: Sa Shreenibasa , Mukundam Vanga , Kumari Anupa , Das Ritwick , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan
Published: April 2021

Three-coordinated organoboron fluorophores bearing 3,5-diphenyl pyrazoles have been synthesized and studied their optical and non-linear optical properties to detect picric acid.
Correction: Effects of mixed-valence states of Eu-doped FAPbI3 perovskite crystals studied by first-principles calculation
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Oku Takeo
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘Effects of mixed-valence states of Eu-doped FAPbI3 perovskite crystals studied by first-principles calculation’ by Atsushi Suzuki et al., Mater. Adv., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D0MA00994F.
Microscopic local stiffening in a supramolecular hydrogel network expedites stem cell mechanosensing in 3D and bone regeneration
Authors: Yuan Weihao , Wang Haixing , Fang Chao , Yang Yongkang , Xia Xingyu , Yang Boguang , Lin Yuan , Li Gang , Bian Liming
Published: April 2021

A cell-adaptable hydrogel containing microscopically local stiffening structures shows a heterogeneous and hierarchical hydrogel network topology, thereby facilitating the 3D stellate spreading of stem cells and promoting the bone regeneration.
PEDOT:PSS-glued MoO3nanowire network for all-solid-state flexible transparent supercapacitors
Authors: Liang Jie , Sheng Hongwei , Wang Qi , Yuan Jiao , Zhang Xuetao , Su Qing , Xie Erqing , Lan Wei , Zhang Chuanfang (John)
Published: April 2021

PEDOT:PSS-glued MoO3nanowires were anchored on AgNFs network to build all-solid-state flexible transparent supercapacitors with high performances.
Influence of single chain nanoparticle stabilizers on polymerization induced hierarchical self-assembly
Authors: Wen Wei , Chen Aihua
Published: April 2021

Intramolecularly folded single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with steric character are used as stabilizers to construct a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) formulation for the first time.
Photoresponsive glyco-nanostructures integrated from supramolecular metallocarbohydrates for the reversible capture and release of lectins
Authors: Bi Feihu , Zhang Changwei , Yang Guang , Wang Jie , Zheng Wei , Hua Zan , Li Xiaopeng , Wang Zhongkai , Chen Guosong
Published: April 2021

Photo-controllable capture and release of proteins by glyco-nanostructures.
The alumination mechanism of porous silica materials and properties of derived ion exchangers and acid catalysts
Authors: Li Zheng , Benz Michael , Rieg Carolin , Dittmann Daniel , Beurer Ann-Katrin , Häussermann Dorothea , Arstad Bjørnar , Dyballa Michael
Published: April 2021

We herein investigate the alumination mechanism of siliceous micro- and mesoporous materials (SBA-15, SBA-16, and dealuminated Y-zeolite) with NaAlO2 to synthesize new ion exchangers and acid catalysts.
Two putative parallel pathways for naringenin biosynthesis in Epimedium wushanense
Authors: Liu Yating , Wu Linrui , Deng Zixin , Yu Yi
Published: April 2021

A set of enzymes from Epimedium wushanense, which showed activity for converting l-Phe and l-Tyr to pinocembrin and naringenin in parallel was characterized. The findings provide an evidence for a cryptic pathway converting pinocembrin to naringenin.
Electrochemical preparation and properties of a Mg–Li–Y alloyviaco-reduction of Mg(ii) and Y(iii) in chloride melts
Authors: Wang Guan-Zhong , Liu Yao , Ji De-Bin , Zhu Ling-Yue , Ji De-Qiang , Yuan Dan-dan , Zhang Mi-Lin , Wu Hong-Jun
Published: April 2021

Mg–Li based alloys have been widely used in various fields.
Self-assembled and pH-responsive polymeric nanomicelles impart effective delivery of paclitaxel to cancer cells
Authors: Jangid Ashok Kumar , Pooja Deep , Jain Poonam , Gupta Nitin , Ramesan Shwathy , Kulhari Hitesh
Published: April 2021

Self-assembled and pH-responsive polymeric nanomicelles were prepared for the delivery of paclitaxel to cancer cells.
Utilization of SAPO-18 or SAPO-35 in the bifunctional catalyst for the direct conversion of syngas to light olefins
Authors: Huang Yuxuan , Ma Hongfang , Xu Zhiqiang , Qian Weixin , Zhang Haitao , Ying Weiyong
Published: April 2021

SAPO-18 and SAPO-35 were synthesized and utilized as the zeotype in the bifunctional catalyst for the STO process, respectively.
Correction: Single nucleotide detection using bilayer MoS2 nanopores with high efficiency
Authors: Sen Payel , Gupta Manisha
Published: April 2021

Correction for ‘Single nucleotide detection using bilayer MoS2 nanopores with high efficiency’ by Payel Sen et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 6114–6123. DOI: 10.1039/D0RA10222A.
Alternate pathway for standard SCR on Cu-zeolites with gas-phase ammonia
Authors: Daya Rohil , Keturakis Christopher J. , Trandal Dylan , Kumar Ashok , Joshi Saurabh Y. , Yezerets Aleksey
Published: April 2021

Redox mechanisms have been theorized for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx over small-pore Cu-zeolites.
Engineering metallic MoS2 monolayers with responsive hydrogen evolution electrocatalytic activities for enzymatic reaction monitoring
Authors: Li Bang Lin , Gong Cheng-Bin , Shen Wei , Peng Jing-Dong , Zou Hao Lin , Luo Hong Qun , Li Nian Bing
Published: April 2021

Metallic and defect-rich MoS2 monolayers are prepared via a Schlenk line, exhibiting ROS-responsive performance. Engineered MoS2 carbon fibers are integrated with an enzymatic reaction, illustrating the practical applications of the HER-based electroanalysis.
Magnetized relativistic jets and helical magnetic fields
Authors: Moya-Torregrosa I. , Fuentes A. , Martí J. M. , Gómez J. L. , Perucho M.
Published: April 2021

This is the first of a series of two papers that deepen our understanding of the transversal structure and the properties of recollimation shocks of axisymmetric, relativistic, superfast magnetosonic, overpressured jets. They extend previous work that characterized these properties in connection with the dominant type of energy (internal, kinetic, or magnetic) in the jet to models with helical magnetic fields with larger magnetic pitch angles and force-free magnetic fields. In this paper, the magnetohydrodynamical models were computed following an approach that allows studying the structure of steady, axisymmetric, relativistic (magnetized) flows using one-dimensional time-dependent simulations. In these approaches, the relevance of the magnetic tension and of the Lorentz force in shaping the internal structure of jets (transversal structure, radial oscillations, and internal shocks) is discussed. The radial Lorentz force controls the jet internal transversal equilibrium. Hence, highly magnetized non-force-free jets exhibit a thin spine of high internal energy around the axis. The properties of the recollimation shocks and sideways expansions and compressions of the jet result from the total pressure mismatch at the jet surface, which among other factors depends on the magnetic tension and the magnetosonic Mach number of the flow. Hot jets with low Mach number tend to have strong oblique shocks and wide radial oscillations. Highly magnetized jets with large toroidal fields tend to have weaker shocks and radial oscillations of smaller amplitude. In the second paper, we present synthetic synchrotron radio images of the magnetohydrodynamical models that are produced at a post-processing phase, focusing on the observational properties of the jets, namely the top-down emission asymmetries, spine brightening, the relative intensity of the knots, and polarized emission.
Stellar kinematics in the nuclear regions of nearby LIRGs with VLT-SINFONI
Authors: Crespo Gómez A. , Piqueras López J. , Arribas S. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Colina L. , Rodríguez del Pino B.
Published: April 2021

Context.Nearby luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) are often considered to be the local counterpart of the star forming galaxy (SFG) population atz > 1. Therefore, local LIRGs are ideal systems with which to perform spatially resolved studies on the physical processes that govern these objects and to validate assumptions made in high-zstudies because of a lack of sensitivity and/or spatial resolution.

Aims.In this work we analyse the spatially resolved kinematics of the stellar component in the innerr < 1–2 kpc of ten nearby (meanz = 0.014) LIRGs, establishing the dynamical state of the stars and estimating their dynamical masses (Mdyn). We compare the stellar kinematics with those for different gas phases, and analyse the relative effects of using different tracers when estimating dynamical masses.

Methods.We use seeing-limited SINFONIH- andK-band spectroscopy in combination with ancillary infrared (IR) imaging from various instruments (NICMOS/F160W, NACO/Ks and IRAC/3.6 μm). The stellar kinematics are extracted in both near-IR bands by fitting the continuum emission usingpPXF. The velocity maps are then modelled as rotating discs and used to extract the geometrical parameters (i.e. centre, PA, and inclination), which are compared with their photometric counterparts extracted from the near-IR images. We use the stellar and the previously extracted gas velocity and velocity dispersion maps to estimate the dynamical mass using the different tracers.

Results.We find that the different gas phases have similar kinematics, whereas the stellar component is rotating with slightly lower velocities (i.e.V*∼ 0.8Vg) but in significantly warmer orbits (i.e.σ*∼ 2σg) than the gas phases, resulting in significantly lowerV/σfor the stars (i.e. ∼1.5–2) than for the gas (i.e. ∼4–6). These ratios can be understood if the stars are rotating in thick discs while the gas phases are confined in dynamically cooler (i.e. thinner) rotating discs. However, these differences do not lead to significant discrepancies between the dynamical mass estimations based on the stellar and gas kinematics. This result suggests that the gas kinematics can be used to estimateMdynalso inz ∼ 2 SFGs, a galaxy population that shares many structural and kinematic properties with local LIRGs.
Fast outflows in protoplanetary nebulae and young planetary nebulae observed by Herschel/HIFI
Authors: Lorenzo M. , Teyssier D. , Bujarrabal V. , García-Lario P. , Alcolea J. , Verdugo E. , Marston A.
Published: April 2021

Context. Fast outflows and their interaction with slow shells (generally known as the fossil circumstellar envelope of asymptotic giant branch stars) play an important role in the structure and kinematics of protoplanetary and planetary nebulae (pPNe, PNe). To properly study their effects within these objects, we also need to observe the intermediate-temperature gas, which is only detectable in the far-infrared and submillimetre (submm) transitions.

Aims. We study the physical conditions of the outflows presented in a number of pPNe and PNe, with a focus on their temperature and excitation states.

Methods. We carried out Herschel/HIFI observations in the submm lines of 12CO in nine pPNe and nine PNe and complemented them with low-J CO spectra obtained with the IRAM 30m telescope and taken from the literature. The spectral resolution of HIFI allows us to identify and measure the different nebular components in the line profiles. The comparison with large velocity gradient model predictions was used to estimate the physical conditions of the warm gas in the nebulae, such as excitation conditions, temperature, and density.

Results. We found high kinetic temperatures for the fast winds of pPNe, typically reaching between 75 K and 200 K. In contrast, the high-velocity gas in the sampled PNe is colder, with characteristic temperatures between 25 K and 75 K, and it is found in a lower excitation state. We interpret this correlation of the kinetic temperature and excitation state of fast outflows with the amount of time elapsed since their acceleration (probably driven by shocks) as a consequence of the cooling that occurred during the pPN phase.
The role of mass transfer and common envelope evolution in the formation of merging binary black holes
Authors: Marchant Pablo , Pappas Kaliroë M. W. , Gallegos-Garcia Monica , Berry Christopher P. L. , Taam Ronald E. , Kalogera Vicky , Podsiadlowski Philipp
Published: April 2021

As the number of merging binary black holes observed with ground-based gravitational-wave detectors grows, increasingly accurate theoretical models are required to compare them to the observed sample and disentangle contributions from multiple channels. In formation models involving isolated binary stars, important uncertainties remain regarding the stability of mass transfer and common-envelope evolution. To study some of these uncertainties, we have computed binary simulations using the MESA code consisting of a 30 M⊙ star in a low metallicity (Z⊙/10) environment with a black-hole companion. We have developed an updated prescription to compute mass transfer rates including the possibility of outflows from outer Lagrangian points, as well as a method to self-consistently determine the core-envelope boundary in cases where there is common-envelope evolution. We find that binaries survive common-envelope evolution only if unstable mass transfer happens after the formation of a deep convective envelope, resulting in a narrow range (0.2 dex) in period for successful envelope ejection. All cases where binary interaction is initiated with a radiative envelope have large binding energies (∼1050 erg), and they result in mergers during the common-envelope phase even under the assumption that all the internal and recombination energy of the envelope, as well as the energy from an inspiral, is used to eject the envelope. This is independent of whether or not helium is ignited in the core of the donor, conditions under which various rapid-population synthesis calculations assume a successful envelope ejection is possible. Moreover, we find that the critical mass ratio for instability is such that across a large range in initial orbital periods (∼1−1000 days), merging binary black holes can be formed via stable mass transfer. A large fraction of these systems undergo overflow of their L2 equipotential, in which case we find that stable mass transfer produces merging binary black holes even under extreme assumptions of mass and angular momentum outflows. Our conclusions are limited to the study of one donor mass at a single metallicity, but they suggest that population synthesis calculations overestimate the formation rate of merging binary black holes produced by common-envelope evolution and that stable mass transfer could dominate the formation rate from isolated binaries. This is in agreement with a few other recent studies. Further work is required to extend these results to different masses and metallicities as well as to understand how they can be incorporated into rapid population synthesis calculations.
Uncovering erosion effects on magnetic flux rope twist
Authors: Pal Sanchita , Kilpua Emilia , Good Simon , Pomoell Jens , Price Daniel J.
Published: April 2021

Context.Magnetic clouds (MCs) are transient structures containing large-scale magnetic flux ropes from solar eruptions. The twist of magnetic field lines around the rope axis reveals information about flux rope formation processes and geoeffectivity. During propagation MC flux ropes may erode via reconnection with the ambient solar wind. Any erosion reduces the magnetic flux and helicity of the ropes, and changes their cross-sectional twist profiles.

Aims.This study relates twist profiles in MC flux ropes observed at 1 AU to the amount of erosion undergone by the MCs in interplanetary space.

Methods.The twist profiles of two clearly identified MC flux ropes associated with the clear appearance of post eruption arcades in the solar corona are analyzed. To infer the amount of erosion, the magnetic flux content of the ropes in the solar atmosphere is estimated, and compared to estimates at 1 AU.

Results.The first MC shows a monotonically decreasing twist from the axis to the periphery, while the second displays high twist at the axis, rising twist near the edges, and lower twist in between. The first MC displays a larger reduction in magnetic flux between the Sun and 1 AU, suggesting more erosion than that seen in the second MC.

Conclusions.In the second cloud the rising twist at the rope edges may have been due to an envelope of overlying coronal field lines with relatively high twist, formed by reconnection beneath the erupting flux rope in the low corona. This high-twist envelope remained almost intact from the Sun to 1 AU due to the low erosion levels. In contrast, the high-twist envelope of the first cloud may have been entirely peeled away via erosion by the time it reaches 1 AU.
Phase-resolved spectrum of the Crab pulsar from NICER
Authors: Vivekanand M.
Published: April 2021

Context. Studies of the high-energy emission regions of rotation-powered pulsars are typically based on folded light curves (FLCs) and phase-resolved spectra (PRS).

Aims. This work uses the NICER observatory to obtain the highest resolution FLC and PRS of the Crab pulsar at soft X-ray energies.

Methods. NICER has accumulated about 347 ksec of data on the Crab pulsar. The data were processed using the standard analysis pipeline. Stringent filtering was done for spectral analysis. The individual detectors are calibrated in terms of the long-time light curve (LTLC), raw spectrum, and deadtime. The arrival times of the photons are established in reference to the Solar System barycenter, while the rotation frequency ν and its time derivative ν˙ are used to derive the rotation phase of each photon.

Results. The LTLCs, raw spectra, and deadtimes of the individual detectors are statistically similar; the latter two show no evolution with epoch and the detector deadtime is independent of photon energy. The deadtime for the Crab pulsar, taking into account the two types of deadtime, is only ≈7–8% larger than that obtained using the cleaned events. Detector 00 behaves slightly differently from the rest, but can be used for spectral work. The PRS of the two peaks of the Crab pulsar are obtained at a resolution that is better than 1∕512 in rotation phase. The FLC very close to the first peak rises slowly and falls faster. The spectral index of the PRS is almost constant very close to the first peak.

Conclusions. The high-resolution FLC and PRS of the peaks of the Crab pulsar provide important constraints for the formation of caustics in the emission zone.
ATOMIUM: The astounding complexity of the near circumstellar environment of the M-type AGB star R Hydrae
Authors: Homan Ward , Pimpanuwat Bannawit , Herpin Fabrice , Danilovich Taissa , McDonald Iain , Wallström Sofia H. J. , Richards Anita M. S. , Baudry Alain , Sahai Raghvendra , Millar Tom J. , de Koter Alex , Gottlieb C. A. , Kervella Pierre , Montargès Miguel , Van de Sande Marie , Decin Leen , Zijlstra Albert , Etoka Sandra , Jeste Manali , Müller Holger S. P. , Maes Silke , Malfait Jolien , Menten Karl , Plane John , Lee Kelvin , Waters Rens , Wong Ka Tat , Lagadec Eric , Gobrecht David , Yates Jeremy , Price Daniel , Cannon Emily , Bolte Jan , De Ceuster Frederik , Nuth Joe , Philip Sindel Jan , Kee Dylan , Gray Malcolm D. , El Mellah Ileyk
Published: April 2021

Evolved low- to intermediate-mass stars are known to shed their gaseous envelope into a large, dusty, molecule-rich circumstellar nebula which typically develops a high degree of structural complexity. Most of the large-scale, spatially correlated structures in the nebula are thought to originate from the interaction of the stellar wind with a companion. As part of the ATOMIUMlarge programme, we observed the M-type asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star R Hydrae with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The morphology of the inner wind of R Hya, which has a known companion at ∼3500 au, was determined from maps of CO and SiO obtained at high angular resolution. A map of the CO emission reveals a multi-layered structure consisting of a large elliptical feature at an angular scale of ∼10″ that is oriented along the north–south axis. The wind morphology within the elliptical feature is dominated by two hollow bubbles. The bubbles are on opposite sides of the AGB star and lie along an axis with a position angle of ∼115°. Both bubbles are offset from the central star, and their appearance in the SiO channel maps indicates that they might be shock waves travelling through the AGB wind. An estimate of the dynamical age of the bubbles yields an age of the order of 100 yr, which is in agreement with the previously proposed elapsed time since the star last underwent a thermal pulse. When the CO and SiO emission is examined on subarcsecond angular scales, there is evidence for an inclined, differentially rotating equatorial density enhancement, strongly suggesting the presence of a second nearby companion. The position angle of the major axis of this disc is ∼70° in the plane of the sky. We tentatively estimate that a lower limit on the mass of the nearby companion is ∼0.65 M⊙on the basis of the highest measured speeds in the disc and the location of its inner rim at ∼6 au from the AGB star.
Third-order nonlinear optical properties of CuS/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Hao Yu , Yang Lan , Li Jinze , Xing Ruonan , Gu Yuzong
Published: April 2021

CuS/Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites can be synthesized using the hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that CuS uniformly covered the surfaces of rGO. In this paper, the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the CuS/rGO composites with different graphene content were investigated by a Z-scan technique. The results show that while reverse saturable absorption (RSA) is prominent in pristine CuS, saturable absorption (SA) is dominant in pristine rGO. A transition from RSA to SA is seen when the graphene content is increased in the CuS/rGO nanocomposite. The measurements results show that the improvement of nonlinearity is related to the synergistic effect between two or more materials. The research content in this paper can establishes a foundation for further study of CuS/rGO nanocomposites application in NLO devices.
Sparse-grid polynomial interpolation approximation and integration for parametric and stochastic elliptic PDEs with lognormal inputs
Authors: Dũng Dinh
Published: April 2021

By combining a certain approximation property in the spatial domain, and weighted 𝓁2-summability of the Hermite polynomial expansion coefficients in the parametric domain obtained in Bachmayr et al. [ESAIM: M2AN 51 (2017) 341–363] and Bachmayr et al. [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 55 (2017) 2151–2186], we investigate linear non-adaptive methods of fully discrete polynomial interpolation approximation as well as fully discrete weighted quadrature methods of integration for parametric and stochastic elliptic PDEs with lognormal inputs. We construct such methods and prove convergence rates of the approximations by them. The linear non-adaptive methods of fully discrete polynomial interpolation approximation are sparse-grid collocation methods which are certain sums taken over finite nested Smolyak-type indices sets of mixed tensor products of dyadic scale successive differences of spatial approximations of particular solvers, and of successive differences of their parametric Lagrange interpolating polynomials. The Smolyak-type sparse interpolation grids in the parametric domain are constructed from the roots of Hermite polynomials or their improved modifications. Moreover, they generate in a natural way fully discrete weighted quadrature formulas for integration of the solution to parametric and stochastic elliptic PDEs and its linear functionals, and the error of the corresponding integration can be estimated via the error in the Bochner space L1 (ℝ∞, V, γ) norm of the generating methods where γ is the Gaussian probability measure on ℝ∞ and V is the energy space. We also briefly consider similar problems for parametric and stochastic elliptic PDEs with affine inputs, and problems of non-fully discrete polynomial interpolation approximation and integration. In particular, the convergence rates of non-fully discrete polynomial interpolation approximation and integration obtained in this paper significantly improve the known ones.
Stability and error estimates of local discontinuous Galerkin method with implicit-explicit time marching for simulating wormhole propagation
Authors: Guo Hui , Jia Rui , Tian Lulu , Yang Yang
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we apply two fully-discrete local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) methods to the compressible wormhole propagation. We will prove the stability and error estimates of the schemes. Traditional LDG methods use the diffusion term to control of convection term to obtain the stability for some linear equations. However, the variables in wormhole propagation are coupled together and the whole system is highly nonlinear. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to obtain the stability for fully-discrete LDG methods. To fix this gap, we introduce a new auxiliary variable including both the convection and diffusion terms. Moreover, we also construct a special time integration for the porosity, leading to physically relevant numerical approximations and controllable growth rate of the porosity. With a reasonable growth rate, it is possible to handle the time level mismatch in the first-order fully discrete scheme and obtain the stability of the scheme. For the whole system, we will prove that under weak temporal-spatial conditions, the optimal error estimates for the pressure, velocity, porosity and concentration under different norms can be obtained. Numerical experiments are also given to verify the theoretical results.
Simulation of dynamic recrystallization of a magnesium alloy with a cellular automaton method coupled with adaptive activation energy and matrix deformation topology
Authors: Wang Sibing , Xu Wenchen , Wu He , Yuan Ranxu , Jin Xueze , Shan Debin
Published: April 2021

The cellular automata (CA) model combining topological deformation and adaptive activation energy was successfully constructed to analyze the thermal dynamic recrystallization of the magnesium alloy (AZ61). The simulation datum shown that the recrystallization nucleation located on the grain boundary (GB) once the density of dislocation accumulated to specific value, and the result presents a typical characteristics i.e., repeated nucleation and growth. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results because the activation energy affects recrystallization by affecting nucleation rate.
Recommendations of the AGG (Task Force for Obstetrics, Section Maternal Diseases) on the Management of Maternal Hepatitis B, C and D Infection in Pregnancy
Authors: Kühnert Maritta , Kehl Sven , Pecks Ulrich , Schäfer-Graf Ute Margaretha , Groten Tanja , Schild Ralf Lothar , Schlembach Dietmar , Schmidt Markus , Hamza Amr
Published: April 2021

These statements and recommendations should provide appropriate information about maternal and fetal routes of infection, screening, detection of risk factors, diagnostic procedures, treatment, birth planning and peripartum and postpartum management of maternal hepatitis infection and offer pointers for prenatal counselling and routine clinical care on delivery wards.
Safety and Efficacy of Current Sclera Fixation Methods for Intraocular Lenses and Literature Overview
Authors: Muth Daniel Rudolf , Wolf Armin , Kreutzer Thomas , Shajari Mehdi , Vounotrypidis Efstathios , Priglinger Siegfried , Mayer Wolfgang J.
Published: April 2021

Background Evaluation of the three currently most common techniques for intraocular lens (IOL) sclera fixation: (1) Prolene suture with Hoffman sclera pocket (2) four-point GoreTex suture technique (3) sutureless flanged intrascleral IOL fixation with double-needle (“Yamane”) technique.

Material and Methods Retrospective, clinical case series (chart review) at the Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany. Enrolled in the study were 51 patients with 55 eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA); manifest refraction (OR); corneal tomography (central corneal thickness, CCT); biometry; central macular thickness (CMT) by optical coherence tomography (OCT); intraocular pressure (IOP); and IOL type and IOL power were recorded and compared prior to and 3 – 12 months post IOL sclera fixation surgery. Pre- and postsurgery difference analysis was performed by Wilcoxon rank sum testing (z).

Results Intrascleral fixation by GoreTex suture was performed in 14 (25.5%) eyes, by Prolene suture in 19 (34.5%,) and by Yamane technique in 22 (40.0%) eyes. Within the 3 – 12 months follow-up post scleral fixation, a total of 2 (14.3%) eyes from the GoreTex, 3 (15.8%) from the Prolene and 1 (4.5%) eye from the Yamane group required refixation. Pre- and post-surgery analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the total patient population BCVA (exact Wilcoxon test: z = − 3.202; p = 0.001; n = 55) and the Yamane subgroup (exact Wilcoxon test: z = − 2.068; p = 0.001; n = 22). The GoreTex (n = 14) and Prolene (n = 19) subgroups revealed no statistically significant differences versus preoperative baseline. Across groups, there was no statistically significant difference in IOP, CMT, and CCT. No retinal complications were observed, neither intraoperatively nor during follow-up.

Conclusion The volume of IOL revision surgery is increasing. Often, the only option left for visual rehabilitation is scleral IOL fixation. All three scleral fixation techniques studied demonstrated a good safety profile with no statistically significant impact on IOP, CMT, CCT, but with a notable revision rate. Visual rehabilitation to preoperative baseline levels (GoreTex [n = 14] and Prolene [n = 19]) and a statistically significant increase in visual acuity (total cohort [n = 55] and Yamane [n = 22]) seems possible. Unlike iris fixation, scleral fixation is surgically more complex and the surgeon must master a steeper learning curve.
Aktueller Stand bei den endoskopischen Therapieverfahren der GERD (Endoplikation): GERDX, MUSE, EsophyX
Authors: Tschoner Andreas
Published: April 2021

Die gastroösophageale Refluxerkrankung (GERD) beeinträchtigt durch ihre Symptome die Lebensqualität betroffener Patienten teils beträchtlich. Im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte zeigt die GERD eine zunehmende Prävalenz weltweit. Zugrunde liegt der GERD meist ein insuffizientes, weil strukturell defektes Ventil zwischen Magen und Speiseröhre. Zur Behandlung von GERD haben sich bis heute die Medikamentengruppe der Protonenpumpenhemmer (PPI) als konservative, rein symptomatische Therapie und die laparoskopische Fundoplikation (LF) in ihren Ausführungsvarianten zur Behebung der Ursache etabliert. In den letzten 2 Jahrzehnten wurden zunehmend neue Verfahren als Therapieoption entwickelt. Die Endoskopie verfolgt hierbei unterschiedliche Ansätze: Augmentierung mittels Injektionsverfahren, Stabilisierung des unteren Ösophagussphinkters mittels Radiofrequenzablation (RFA, Stretta-Prozedur) und Mukosaresektion (ARMS) bzw. Rekonstruktion des Ventilapparates mit Klammernahtgeräten (GERDX, MUSE, EsophyX). Abgesehen von der RFA haben sich vor allem die Klammerverfahren durchgesetzt. Die kurzfristigen Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend, Langzeitresultate jedoch noch kaum verfügbar. Auch randomisierte Vergleichsstudien zur LF sind rar.
Epicondylopathia humeri radialis
Authors: Leschinger Tim , Tischer Thomas , Doepfer Anna Katharina , Glanzmann Michael , Hackl Michael , Lehmann Lars , Müller Lars , Reuter Sven , Siebenlist Sebastian , Theermann Ralf , Wörtler Klaus , Banerjee Marc
Published: April 2021

Background Lateral epicondylitis is a common orthopaedic condition often massively restricting the quality of life of the affected patients. There are a wide variety of treatment options – with varying levels of evidence.

Method The following statements and recommendations are based on the current German S2k guideline Epicondylopathia radialis humeri (AWMF registry number: 033 – 2019). All major German specialist societies participated in this guideline, which is based on a systematic review of the literature and a structured consensus-building process.

Outcomes Lateral epicondylitis should be diagnosed clinically and can be confirmed by imaging modalities. The Guidelines Commission issues recommendations on clinical and radiological diagnostic workup. The clinical condition results from the accumulated effect of mechanical overload, neurologic irritation and metabolic changes. Differentiating between acute and chronic disorder is helpful. Prognosis of non-surgical regimens is favourable in most cases. Most cases spontaneously resolve within 12 months. In case of unsuccessful attempted non-surgical management for at least six months, surgery may be considered as an alternative, if there is a corresponding structural morphology and clinical manifestation. At present, it is not possible to recommend a specific surgical procedure.

Conclusion This paper provides a summary of the guideline with extracts of the recommendations and statements of its authors regarding the pathogenesis, prevention, diagnostic workup as well as non-surgical and surgical management.
Kosmetische Laser- und Elektrokautertherapie ohne rechtswirksame Aufklärung
Authors: Elsner P. , Meyer J.
Published: April 2021

Bei einer Patientin erfolgte als Selbstzahlerleistung bei einem Hautarzt die Therapie eines Spider-Naevus elektrokaustisch sowie dermaler Naevuszellnaevi mittels Erbiumlaser. Die Patientin war mit dem Behandlungsergebnis unzufrieden und bemängelte bei der zuständigen Schlichtungsstelle die Behandlung; die Laserbehandlung im Gesicht sei fehlerhaft durchgeführt worden. Die Behandlung sei nur für eine Hautveränderung abgesprochen gewesen; während des Eingriffs seien durch den behandelnden Arzt jedoch weitere Bereiche gelasert worden. Erst nach der Behandlung seien ihr mittels Spiegel ärztlicherseits die gelaserten Areale gezeigt worden.

Die Schlichtungsstelle verneinte ebenso wie der konsultierte dermatologische Gutachter einen Behandlungsfehler; sowohl die Elektrokaustik als auch die Lasertherapie seien lege artis erfolgt. Die geltend gemachten Ansprüche waren aus Sicht der Schlichtungsstelle jedoch unter dem Gesichtspunkt der mangelhaften Aufklärung begründet. In den Patientenunterlagen des Hautarztes fand sich lediglich ein kursorischer Hinweis über die Möglichkeit der Entfernung der Hautveränderungen mit dem Elektrokauter und dem Erbiumlaser und über den Verlauf und die möglichen Komplikationen. Derartige Hinweise genügten nach Einschätzung der Schlichtungsstelle für die Dokumentation über die geplanten kosmetischen Behandlungsmaßnahmen und in der Folge für die rechtswirksame Einwilligung der Patientin nicht.

Auch bei nach Facharztstandard korrekt durchgeführten kosmetischen Eingriffen ist auf eine rechtzeitige, umfassende Aufklärung als Voraussetzung für eine rechtswirksame Einwilligung des Patienten in den Eingriff höchsten Wert zu legen. Ohne Aufklärung und rechtswirksame Einwilligung ist der Eingriff rechtswidrig; unvermeidliche verbleibende kosmetische Beeinträchtigungen nach einem solchen Eingriff sind dann als Gesundheitsschaden zu bewerten und schadensersatzpflichtig. Neben den zivil- und möglicherweise strafrechtlichen Konsequenzen muss der Arzt auch mit berufsrechtlichen Disziplinarmaßnahmen rechnen.