bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the Recent Revival of Western Disturbances Govern the Karakoram Anomaly?
Authors: Javed Aaquib , Kumar Pankaj , Hodges Kevin I. , Sein Dmitry V. , Dubey Aditya K. , Tiwari Gaurav
Published: April 2022

The global retreat in glaciers is considered to be one of the critical indicators of climate change. However, the glaciers of the Karakoram (KR) region of the Karakoram–Himalayas (KH) stand out because of their divergent response, displaying a surge as opposed to glaciers in other regions. This phenomenon is known as the “Karakoram anomaly.” Although many factors control the establishment and sustenance of the anomaly, the present study establishes winter precipitation associated with western disturbances (WDs) over the KH as one of the key drivers behind its emergence. To examine the role of WDs, a tracking algorithm is applied to 39 seasons (November–March) for three separate (ERA5, MERRA-2, and NCEP-CFSR/CFSv2) reanalysis datasets. The associated reanalysis ensemble statistics of WD properties produced in terms of their intensity, precipitation/snowfall volumes, and wind speed suggest a revival in recent years over the core-anomaly regions. However, the frequency has remained steady. The Karakoram has witnessed a rise of ∼10% in precipitation intensity associated with WDs in recent decades. The high percentage of snowfall received by the Karakoram (∼65%) from WDs relative to the total seasonal snowfall suggests a crucial role in modulating the regional mass-balance anomaly. Simultaneously, the amount of snowfall from non-WD sources in the Karakoram has had a statistically significant decline of ∼17% in recent decades, coinciding with the anomaly period. The enhanced intensity of WDs is found to be associated with changes in increased baroclinic instability and a shift of the subtropical westerly jet mean latitudinal position.
Inferior Vena Cava Ligation and Pancreaticoduodenectomy in a Patient With Penetrating Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Williams Eric M. , Croft Chasen A. , Taylor Jessica E.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Injury to the inferior vena cava (IVC) is often fatal. Pancreaticoduodenectomy for trauma is also rare. This case describes a patient who underwent both procedures.

Case Presentation

A 30-year-old male presented status post gunshot to the abdomen. He was taken to the operating room and found to have 6 cm defect in the IVC, which was ligated. Despite resuscitation, the patient required emergent return to the OR where bleeding from the pancreaticoduodenal artery was noted in addition to injuries in the stomach, duodenum, and pancreas. He subsequently underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. He was discharged after a month-long hospital stay.

Conclusions

This case demonstrates that IVC ligation is a form of damage of control surgery. Pancreaticoduodenectomy is rarely performed during the index operation for trauma patients. Patient with injuries to the pancreaticoduodenal complex can be life-threatening if not rapidly controlled. This patient is a rare example of someone who survived two morbid trauma surgery interventions.
Robot-Assisted Right Colectomy with Sequential Wedge Resection of Segments 4 and 5 of The Liver and Cholecystectomy for Colon Cancer with Metastasis to The Liver
Authors: Murugan Seema , Grenn Emily E. , Earl Truman Mark , Anderson Christopher D. , Orr Wayne Shannon
Published: April 2022

The liver is the most common place for colon adenocarcinoma metastasis because of portal circulation. The surgical intervention for patients with colon adenocarcinoma with synchronous metastasis to the liver has been debated. Studies have shown that the simultaneous resection of a colorectal adenocarcinoma with a liver metastasis has similar outcomes compared to the traditional staged approach when looking at morbidity, mortality, and long-term oncologic effects. There has also been a shift to less invasive procedures when performing abdominal surgery. However, the laparoscopic method that has increasingly been used for the simultaneous procedure is technically challenging and therefore not widely adopted. The technical limitations hindering the simultaneous method could be overcome by utilizing a robotic approach. The aim of this report is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a robotic approach for colon adenocarcinoma with synchronous liver metastases.
Stab Wound to the Right Ventricle With Creation of Ventricular Septal Defect Managed With an Endovascular Occlusive Patch
Authors: Anthony Zimmerman S. , McGrew Patrick R.
Published: April 2022

Penetrating trauma to the cardiac box is associated with high rates of cardiac injury, structural complications, morbidity, and mortality. Early identification and intervention of these injuries is paramount to obtaining good patient outcomes. In this paper, we report a 55-year-old male who sustained a single stab wound to left chest which perforated the right ventricle. The patient also sustained a muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) which led to a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) course complicated by late pericardial tamponade. We present successful management of this patient’s initial injury along with his ICU course culminating in successful endovascular occlusive patch VSD repair.
Prognostic Impact of the Preoperative Systemic Inflammation Score in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Iguchi Tomohiro , Iseda Norifumi , Hirose Kosuke , Itoh Shinji , Harada Noboru , Ninomiya Mizuki , Sugimachi Keishi , Honboh Takuya , Maeda Takashi , Sadanaga Noriaki , Matsuura Hiroshi
Published: April 2022

Backgroud

The systemic inflammation score (SIS), which is based on the preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and serum albumin (Alb) level, is a prognostic indicator for several cancer types. However, the prognostic significance of the SIS in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown.

Methods

Seventy-eight patients who underwent radical surgery for PDAC were categorized as follows: SIS 0 (LMR ≥3.51 and Alb ≥4.0 g/dl), n = 26; SIS 1 (LMR <3.51 or Alb <4.0 g/dl), n = 29 and SIS 2 (LMR <3.51 and Alb <4.0 g/dl), n=23.

Results

The tumour size sequentially increased in SIS 0, 1 and 2 groups. A higher SIS was associated with increased vascular invasion, perineural invasion and surgical margin positivity rate. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates between the SIS 1 and 2 groups showed no significant difference However, patients of the SIS 1 and 2 groups had poorer outcomes than those of the SIS 0 group for RFS. Overall survival (OS) rates between the SIS 1 and 2 groups also showed no significant difference. However, patients of the SIS 1 and 2 groups had poorer outcomes than those of the SIS 0 group for OS. The SIS was an independent prognostic factor for RFS and OS.

Discussion

The SIS is a simplified prognostic factor for patients with PDAC.
Bumps and Bruises in the Trauma Bay: A Level One Trauma Center’s Analysis of Dedicated Skeletal X-Ray Imaging
Authors: Coile Evelyn , Eversley Kelso Tatiana , Shaw Eric , Hamilton Sara , Pearce Richard , Hahn Elin , Crowley Alexander , Dunne James
Published: April 2022

The Ottawa Ankle Rule and Canadian C-Spine Rule were created to guide the utility of radiographic studies. There are no guidelines to guide X-rays within trauma. Our objective was to evaluate which findings have the highest yield for determining fractures on skeletal x-ray. A retrospective study was performed on 5050 patients at a level one trauma center from January 2018 through October 2019. 2382 patients received X-Rays. Our analysis focused on five categories: limb deformity/obvious open fracture, abrasions, hematoma/contusion/sprain, laceration, and skin tear. Standard demographic and outcome variables were collected. While the cost burden on an overwhelmed system, time in the trauma bay prior to disposition and radiation exposure has not been fully evaluated, our evidence shows that X-Rays ordered for soft tissue defects are less sensitive at identifying fracture (0.0-6.9% fracture detection rate, P = 0.00) than when ordered for limb deformity or obvious fracture.
A Cost-Utility Analysis of the Use of Closed-Incision Negative Pressure System in Vascular Surgery Groin Incisions
Authors: Bloom Joshua A. , Tian Tina , Homsy Christopher , Singhal Dhruv , Salehi Payam , Chatterjee Abhishek
Published: April 2022

Objective

Closed-incision negative pressure therapy (CINPT) with the Prevena system has been used and clinically evaluated in high-risk groin incisions to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis evaluating CINPT in femoral-popliteal bypass with prosthetic graft.

Methods

A literature review looking at prospective randomized trials determined the probabilities and outcomes for femoral-popliteal bypass with and without CINPT. Reported utility scores were used to estimate the quality adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with a successful procedure and postoperative complications. Medicare current procedure terminology and diagnosis-related group codes were used to assess the costs for a successful surgery and associated complications. A decision analysis tree was constructed with rollback analysis to highlight the more cost-effective strategy. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) analysis was performed with a willingness to pay at $50,000. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results, and to accommodate for the uncertainty in the literature.

Results

Femoral-popliteal bypass with CINPT is less costly ($40,138 vs $41,774) and more effective (6.14 vs 6.13) compared to without CINPT. This resulted in a negative ICER of −234,764.03, which favored CINPT, indicating a dominant strategy. In one-way sensitivity analysis, surgery without CINPT was more cost-effective if the probability of successful surgery falls below 84.9% or if the cost of CINPT exceeds $3139. Monte Carlo analysis showed a confidence of 99.07% that CINPT is more cost-effective.

Conclusions

Despite the added device cost of CINPT, it is cost-effective in vascular surgical operations using groin incisions.
Replicate and repeat faecal immunochemical tests in symptomatic patients: A systematic review
Authors: Farkas Nicholas G , Fraser Callum G , Maclean William , Jourdan Iain , Rockall Tim , Benton Sally C
Published: April 2022

Background

Faecal Immunochemical tests (FITs) in the assessment of patients presenting with symptoms have generally used a single sample. Little evidence pertains to the use of replicate, where a number of tests are done prior to decision-making or repeat FIT, where additional FIT are performed following clinical decision-making. Overwhelmingly, research has focussed on FIT to help identify colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this review is to assess the available literature concerning replicate and repeat FIT in symptomatic patients to help generate consensus and guide future research.

Methods

The terms ‘faecal immunochemical test’ or ‘FIT’ were combined with ‘multiple’ or ‘repeat’. EMBASE, Medline and PubMed database and other searches were conducted. All papers published in English were included with no exclusion date limits until November 2021.

Results

Of the 161 initial papers screened, seven were included for review. Qualitative and quantitative FIT outcomes were assessed in the studies. The primary aims of most related to whether replicate FIT increased diagnostic yield of CRC, with colonoscopy used as the reference standard. One publication assessed the impact of a new COVID-adapted pathway on CRC detection. No consensus on replicate FIT was apparent. Some concluded that FITs may help minimise missed CRC diagnoses: others showed no increase in diagnostic yield of CRC.

Conclusions

Current evidence on replicate and repeat FIT is both minimal and conflicting. FIT is a superb clinical tool, but significant gaps surrounding application remain. Further studies relating to replicate and repeat FIT are required.
A Multi-Method Behavior Setting Analysis of a Protracted Refugee Camp in Jordan
Authors: Awamleh Zaid , Hasirci Deniz
Published: April 2022

The study draws upon theory and research on behavior settings to understand how the built environment shapes selected aspects of behavior in a protracted refugee camp located in an urban area in Jordan. Over 3 years, the research used a multi-method analysis of behavior settings within a residential space and an assessment of modifications to the home using a pre-post research design. The findings showed that the settings can carry new meanings although the occupants greatly restrict their behaviors to conform to the settings they occupy. The findings also indicated the importance of the psychological dimension, which was undervalued in previous applications of the theory. The methodology used demonstrated that localized problems can be addressed by analyzing the features of the relevant behavior setting to reveal the underlying source of the problem. This will help identify solutions that promote behavioral changes to ameliorate displacement and improve the built environment.
Climbing the Ladder: Explaining the Vertical Proliferation of Cruise Missiles
Authors: Early Bryan Robert , Fahrenkopf Nolan , Horowitz Michael C. , Walsh James Igoe
Published: April 2022

Why do some states possess more advanced military technologies than others? Our study explores the vertical proliferation of land-attack cruise missiles (LACMs), seeking to understand which demand- and supply-side factors best explain why some countries acquire more sophisticated LACMs. We theorize that states’ security environments, regime types, possession of related strategic technologies, and membership in the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) influence the possession of more sophisticated cruise missiles. Our analysis employs a unique new global dataset with granular data on every LACM national militaries have deployed. We use this dataset to evaluate the proliferation of LACMs across the international system from 1991–2015. Using a selection model that first controls for the horizontal proliferation of LACMs, we find that insecurity, scientific and technical expertise from related technologies, the possession of highly authoritarian and highly democratic regimes, and MTCR membership all have positive effects on the sophistication of LACM-possessors’ arsenals.
International Investment Disputes, Media Coverage, and Backlash Against International Law
Authors: Brutger Ryan , Strezhnev Anton
Published: April 2022

This paper puts forth a theory explaining domestic backlash against international investment law by connecting media coverage—specifically the bias in the news media’s selection of international disputes—to public opinion formation towards international agreements. To test our theory, we examine both the content and effects of the media’s reporting on international disputes, focusing on the increasingly controversial form known as investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). We find that newspaper outlets in both the United States and Canada have a bias in favor of covering disputes filed against their home country as opposed to those filed by home country firms. Using two national survey experiments fielded in the United States and Canada, we further find that the bias in news story selection has a strong negative effect on attitudes towards ISDS and related agreements, especially among highly nationalistic individuals.
We’ve Been Had: Neoliberal Initiatives in Urban Education
Authors: Miller Erin T. , Tanner Samuel J. , McCloskey Andrea V. , Kissel Brian T.
Published: April 2022

In this manuscript, we rely on practices of thinking with and through theory to situate and analyze the discourses of three neoliberal educational reform initiatives. We researched public-facing material from these initiatives to surface how commonsense language and colorblindness is often used to disguise agendas that reaffirm the racial status quo in urban schools and society. We offer strategies for educators, teacher-educators, and administrators to critically respond when they encounter such neoliberal reforms.
Hukou as benefits: Demand for hukou and wages in China
Authors: Vortherms Samantha A , Liu Gordon G
Published: April 2022

As China encourages urbanisation, a necessary process is the urbanisation of its people, granting local-urban hukou, or local citizenship, to migrant populations. But reforms encouraging urbanisation are dependent on migrant populations wanting to become formal, registered urban residents. What is the demand for hukou? Based on a unique probabilistically-sampled contingent valuation survey of over 900 migrants in Beijing and Changsha, we use migrants’ willingness-to-pay for hukou as a measure of demand for urbanisation. We find that migrants in Beijing are willing to give up between 9% and 14% of their income over five years to gain local-urban hukou. Migrants in Changsha are much less willing to pay for hukou with a willingness-to-pay indistinguishable from zero, and rural migrants have a negative willingness-to-pay. This study contributes to the broader literature on the impact of China’s hukou system by providing a unique test of migrant workers’ willingness-to-pay for local citizenship.
Consensus of piecewise time-varying multi-agent systems with switching topologies
Authors: Sun Jian , Guo Chen , Liu Lei
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a consensus problem is first investigated for piecewise time-varying multi-agent systems with switching topologies. Due to the piecewise time-varying characteristics of system matrix, it is challenging to design an appropriate controller to stabilize the error state within each piecewise time period. To overcome this difficulty, a piecewise time-varying Lyapunov function (PTVLF) approach is proposed to analyze the piecewise time-varying systems. Then, a useful lemma guaranteeing the negative definiteness of matrix polynomials is first derived, which is utilized to prove the negative definiteness of the derivative for the PTVLF. Based on this, a novel controller with time-varying gain is presented to stabilize the error state within each piecewise time period. Then, by selecting the dwell time of each topology larger than a positive threshold, the overall consensus of such systems is guaranteed. Finally, a numerical simulation is shown to illustrate the theoretical results.
Extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma with nasal septal perforation
Authors: Chang Suk Won , Kim Jeong Hong
Published: April 2022

There are very few reports of extranodal nasal-type NKTL with septal perforation, as seen in our patient. In addition, extranodal nasal-type NKTL is often diagnosed as chronic inflammation on histopathological examination. Therefore, if nasal septal perforation does not improve with appropriate conservative treatment, clinicians should consider a malignant disease such as extranodal nasal-type NKTL.
The ‘(De)territorialising’ power of Cleopatra's barge: Plutarch, Shakespeare, and Mankiewicz
Authors: Drouet Pascale
Published: April 2022

Taking into account the versions by Plutarch, Shakespeare, and Mankiewicz, this article focuses on Cleopatra's force of attraction and capacity to travel by water, thus crossing geopolitical, cultural, and emotional frontiers. It presents her barge as a metonymical ‘territory’ in a transitional space and examines its power of seduction and symbolism at political, spectacular, and mythical levels. It takes up the issue of Antony's de-Romanisation, inviting a parallel between the queen's barge and the ship of fools. It extends the analysis to variants of the royal barge as part of a territorialising/deterritorialising dynamic: the Egyptian flagship and her funeral-boat-like tomb.
The politics of job retention schemes in Britain: The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and the Temporary Short Time Working Compensation Scheme
Authors: Wiggan Jay , Grover Chris
Published: April 2022

The UK Government's introduction of the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) in March 2020 was pitched as unprecedented. Yet, during the 1970s and 1980s, UK governments also operated wage subsidy job retention schemes. Indeed, despite their professed liberal market orientation, Thatcher's radical right Conservative governments presided over the expansive Temporary Short Time Working Compensation Scheme (TSTWCS) between 1979 and 1984. Drawing upon the work of Gallas (2016) , we contend this embrace of wage subsidy schemes by Conservative governments almost 40 years apart emanate from a class politics focused on securing the subordination of labour. In our analysis, the TSTWCS is understood as a mechanism to dampen disquiet with the early Thatcher Government's project to restore employer dominance. And the CJRS is a mechanism to preserve the labour market relations of domination and exploitation successfully embedded by the Conservatives in the 1980s.
Complex complicity: A practice note from a woman of colour on the frontline
Authors: Rashid Mariam
Published: April 2022

I work as a Probation Officer; I have been doing this job for almost 15 years. I work primarily with men and have worked in major cities in England. I am a minority in England, both ethnically and religiously. I am a woman, and my family are migrants from Africa, and their grandparents were indentured labour from India. In all the ways I am different, I also often share histories of migration, of minority experience and of being an outsider with many of those I work with. This is the conversation I have with myself most mornings: Can you consider yourself an activist? I ask myself. Can you call yourself an activist, an anti-racist whilst working within this criminal justice system? Can you continue in this work and not betray yourself, your Muslim-ness, your brown-ness, your working class-ness, your immigrant-ness?
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with Kit gene mutation in 4 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Ueda Kengo , Takanosu Masamine , Kagawa Yumiko , Ueda Akiko , Ano Naoko , Nomura Kohji , Ozaki Kiyokazu
Published: April 2022

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have been rarely reported in guinea pigs. We aimed to characterize the clinical and pathological features of GISTs in 4 guinea pigs and investigate the presence of mutations in exon 11 of the KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase ( Kit) gene. Two subjects were male and 2 were female; 2 were 6 years old, 1 was 7 years old, and 1 was of an unknown age. Three cases had primary gastric tumors, whereas 1 had a primary small intestinal tumor. All cases had tumors that extended from the submucosa to the serosa with extraluminal growth. A gastric tumor had gastric, pancreatic, and cecal metastases. Histologically, the tumors were sharply demarcated and composed of spindle cells arranged in bundles, intermixed with small amounts of collagenous stroma. The tumor cells had mild atypia with few mitotic figures (0–5/50 high power fields, 7.95 mm2) and were immunolabeled for KIT and Discovered-on-GIST 1 ( DOG1). All cases had mutations in exon 11 of the Kit gene. These findings indicate that GISTs in guinea pigs are similar to those in humans and dogs. GISTs in guinea pigs are potentially malignant submucosal tumors with KIT- and DOG1-immunolabeling, exon 11 KIT mutations, and the possibility of metastasis.
The Emigrant Ambassadors: a foundation for present-day Black Liberation
Authors: Taylor Christopher S.
Published: April 2022

In this polemical commentary on Canada, the author argues for the recognition of the crucial role played by West Indian, particularly Barbadian, women – Emigrant Ambassadors − of the 1950s and ’60s who fought in Canada against their supposed subordination in the West Indian Domestic Scheme so as to establish Black women at the forefront of a liberatory struggle and create the conditions on which the present Black Lives Matter Millennials can now build. Using the examples of Jean Augustine (first Black member of Parliament) and Mia Mottley (Barbados’ prime minister), who fought the ordained de-skilling and downward mobility of the neocolonial economic arrangements, he asks that we view them not as individual achievers justifying a neoliberal meritocracy but rather as part and parcel of Black liberatory politics, stretching from slave rebellions to the Black Power movements and fights against racism of the mid-twentieth century.
Is my vulnerability so different from your’s? A call for compassionate climate change research
Authors: Eriksen Siri H
Published: April 2022

Current conceptualizations of vulnerability have so far served to describe—and reproduce—social difference, setting people apart at local and global scales. Yet vulnerability is fundamental to the connectedness in social relations critical to understanding and acting on climate change. A more compassionate type of research is urgently required; that is, one that goes beyond the material and political dimensions to investigate the deeply personal. Drawing on politics of adaptation, emotional geographies, sustainability science and psychology literatures, the paper reconceptualizes vulnerability as co-suffering, linking lived experiences with a shared humanity.
Ideas on Universal Ethics in Mahāyāna Buddhism
Authors: Braarvig Jens
Published: April 2022

Buddhism in all its expressions is often characterised as a ‘World Religion’. Thus, in principle, it harbours a universal message transcending any ethnicity and national boundaries, and it may be argued that it is historically the most important common ideology for all of South, East and Central Asia. In its canonical literature and religious thinking, Buddhism presents a number of elements easily characterised as global ethics, with an egalitarian and altruistic tone. As such, with its philosophically grounded virtues and morality, Buddhism can represent a reference point and a multifaceted background for an informed discussion of global ethics. The present paper describes in brief a few topics relevant to such a discussion.
Disaster Relief Nurses: Exploring the Impetus to Respond to Multiple Efforts
Authors: Christensen Stacy E. , Wagner Linda
Published: April 2022

Little is known about the impact that disaster volunteerism has on nurses. It is important to hear the experiences of those who return again to better understand the reasons that call them back. Using grounded theory methodology, 20 nurses who responded to more than one disaster event participated in semistructured interviews. Capacity for the art of nursing, confidence in performing the role, fostering the team among the chaos, and humanistic symbiosis emerged, leading to a core category, facilitating self-transcendence, guided by Reed’s middle-range theory. With repeat deployments come enhanced personal rewards that provide meaningful opportunities for self-transcendence.
Book Review: Legal and Ethical Issues in Nursing Education: An Essential Guide by Glasgow, Dreher, Dahnke, & Gyllenhammer (2021). Springer
Authors: Milton Constance L.
Published: April 2022

Legal and ethical issues abound in the discipline of nursing. Of specific interest are issues surrounding university nurse education. This article includes a review and critique of Glasgow et al.’s (2021) book on the essential guide for legal and ethical issues in nursing education.
An Opportunity of a Lifetime: How Imagination Can Transform Life During a Pandemic
Authors: Baumann Steven L. , Hidle Unn , Mohammed Sally Ann , Mensah Beatrice Larby
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic created a demand for change and innovation in nursing and nurse education. In this paper, the authors tell the story of a nurse faculty member and two of her prelicensure RN nursing students who were evicted from their classroom and clinical site because of the pandemic, but who were able to use their imagination and creativity to explore new ways of teaching and learning nursing and being a nurse. Humility and empathy are critically important aspects of imagination and creativity, particularly in nurse education. The authors also seek to consider these issues from a global perspective, thanks in part to the diversity and international backgrounds of the contributors.
Storytelling and the Humanbecoming Family Model
Authors: Bunkers Sandra Schmidt , Flinn Elizabeth , Letcher Deborah , Reding Noreen , Damgaard Gloria , Young Linda , Klein Linda , Knitig Kathy
Published: April 2022

The authors in this article will present storytelling through the lens of the humanbecoming family model. From this perspective, storytelling can be viewed as the following: (a) family storytelling as a mode of fostering personal and family becoming, (b) family storytelling as a confirming of family beliefs and values, and (c) family storytelling as a way of addressing issues of grief and loss. Selected literature is presented to highlight the essences, paradoxes, and processes of the humanbecoming family model.
Review of 2007-2020 Humanbecoming Guided Studies and Investigations
Authors: Kabigting Edwin-Nikko R. , Shaughnessy Molly J.
Published: April 2022

The authors in this article provide a review and synthesis of 46 studies and investigations that were published between 2007 to 2020 that were guided by the everchanging humanbecoming paradigm. Moreover, the authors present details and a synthesis of published studies using the Parse research method and humanbecoming hermeneutic method as well as the extant Parsesciencing and humanbecoming hermeneutic sciencing investigations published up to the date of December 31, 2020. The article builds on the previous review conducted by Doucet and Bournes in 2007, which addressed studies conducted from 1985-2006. Newknowings for the enhancement of the everchanging humanbecoming paradigm and the discipline of nursing are provided for scholars to ponder.
Unitary Human-Environment Field Mutual Process: Knowing Participation in Patterning the Environment
Authors: Malinski Violet M.
Published: April 2022

Martha E. Rogers identified people and their environment as unitary, indivisible wholes, further defining both as energy fields identified by rhythmical patterning. It is suggested that sharper focus be placed on the contribution of the environment in wellbecoming to encourage people to participate more knowingly in patterning the environmental field. Mutual rhythmical patterning involving nature and animal companions provides exemplars for discussion, which is grounded in two theories derived from Rogerian nursing science. The first is Barrett’s theory of power as knowing participation in change, and the second is Phillips’ theory of pandimensional awareness-integral presence, which unites Rogers’ theories of accelerating change and the paranormal.
A Unitary Caring Theory Perspective of Family Caregiving for Patients Hospitalized With a Stroke in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alselami Seham , Butcher Howard K.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the experience of Saudi informal family caregivers of hospitalized patients who have experienced a stroke. In-depth, face-to-face, semistructured interviews of five family caregivers using open-ended questions were conducted in a major hospital in Saudi Arabia. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the unitary-caring hermeneutic phenomenological research method. Data analysis revealed six major essences that were synthesized into one statement reflecting the essence of caring for a family member with a stroke in Saudi Arabia: Living with the uncertainty of ambiguity amid feeling distressed with worries and fears replete with unfulfilled desires while yearning for compassionate caring and overcoming uncertainties through connections and faith honoring abiding commitments. As a means to transform the findings into theory and language of the nursing discipline, the essences were then interpreted within the theory of unitary caring.
Why Charter Teachers Unionize
Authors: Lavery Lesley , Jochim Ashley
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we draw upon in-depth interviews with teachers and administrators in 18 unionized charter schools around the country to investigate teachers’ motivations for unionization. Our results suggest that while mismanagement and distrust are often the proximate cause of charter unionization efforts, both material and purposive goals—greater job security and pay as well as increased voice in school decision-making—power organization drives and contract negotiations. Our evidence suggests unionization and collective bargaining agreements can create more transparency around pay and development, which teachers desired. But, sometimes unionization carried unanticipated risks for administrators—salaries increased faster than revenues and teacher development became constrained by newly formed collective bargaining agreements.
Voluntary Sector Participation and Support for Redistribution: Evidence From 18 Advanced Industrial Democracies (1990–2013)
Authors: Sealey Anthony , Handy Femida
Published: April 2022

The governments of the advanced industrial democracies have long provided public policies that redistribute income, and public support for such redistribution has varied across countries and over time. “Who is likely to support these egalitarian policies?” is a perennial question. This article investigates individuals’ participation in voluntary sector organizations (VSO) to understand the relationship between VSO participation and support for public policies aimed at reducing inequalities. We use five waves of the World Values Survey across 18 advanced industrial democracies to examine this relationship. Our findings suggest that, in aggregate, the impact of VSO participation negatively influences support for redistribution. This pattern of support changes significantly, however, when we consider the type of VSO, suggesting that VSO participation is not homogeneous. Individuals’ support for redistribution is conditioned by where their VSO participation happens.
Mapping the Agricultural Research Systems in the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia)
Authors: Zebakh Sanaa , Rhouma Ali , Arvanitis Rigas , Sadiki Mohammed
Published: April 2022

This article reports on the profiles of the National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) in the three Maghreb countries: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, through their research policies, human resources, governance, funding and scientific production. A bibliometric study was carried out for the three selected countries based on the Scopus database covering the period between 2005 and 2019. The research shows the distinctive case of Tunisian growth of scientific production compared to the other two countries; it also stresses the universities’ emergence as a major research actor, thus challenging the predominance of the public mission-oriented institutions dedicated to agriculture and veterinary sciences. Finally, it indicates significant differences between the three countries concerning governance and funding, and human resources. Overall, the NARS in the three countries are still very fragile, and a need for significant changes in the research policy making is certainly required to overcome these shortcomings.
Comparison of clinical outcomes between patellar resurfacing and patellar non-resurfacing in cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Noh Jung Ho , Kim Nam Yeop , Song Ki Ill
Published: April 2022

Background

It is not established whether patellar resurfacing is better than patellar non-resurfacing during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study was to compare the clinical outcomes between groups with patellar resurfacing and non-resurfacing during cruciate retaining (CR) TKA.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, subjects undergoing primary CR TKA for osteoarthritis between 2012 and 2019 were included. Of 500 subjects, 250 had patellar resurfacing (group 1) and 250 had patellar non-resurfacing (group 2) CR TKA. Knee society knee score (KSKS), knee society function score (KSFS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) scale, Kujala score, anterior knee pain, patellar compression test and range of motion (ROM) of the replaced knee were assessed and compared between the two groups.

Results

There were no significant differences in KSKS, KSFS, WOMAC scale, Kujala score, prevalence of anterior knee pain and ROM of the replaced knee between the two groups at the last follow-up ( p > .05). Group 2 had more subjects with positive patellar compression test than group 1 at the last follow-up ( p = .010).

Conclusions

Clinical and functional outcomes of the replaced knee were not different between patellar resurfacing and non-resurfacing groups. Anterior knee pain was significantly reduced after total knee arthroplasty regardless of patellar resurfacing.

Level of evidence

Retrospective cohort study, Level III.
Balanced Salt Solutions for Critically Ill Patients: Nonplused and Back to Basics
Authors: Kopp Brian J. , Lenney Morgan , Erstad Brian L.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this article is to summarize the results of major randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing clinical outcomes of critically ill patients treated with normal saline (NS) or balanced salt solutions (BSSs), address discordant results of these studies, and provide direction for future investigations.

Data Sources

PubMed (2011 to January 2022) with bibliographies of retrieved articles searched for additional articles.

Study Selection and Data Extraction

RCTs comparing NS and BSSs in critically ill adult patients.

Data Synthesis

Recently published large RCTs comparing NS with BSSs in heterogeneous populations of intensive care unit patients did not find significant differences in mortality, despite positive findings in some end points in prior RCTs. However, there were a number of methodologic issues common to the RCTs including: varying study designs and end points, clinician discretion for the majority or all treatments other than the primary intervention fluid, heterogeneous patients with varying levels of acuity, and lack of power to investigate potential subgroup differences. In addition, there were problematic issues related to blinding and use of nonstudy fluids.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice

Intravenous fluids are a mainstay of supportive care for critically ill patients. Similar to the so-called crystalloid-colloid debate, there has been a long-standing debate among critical care clinicians and researchers concerning the preferred crystalloid solution, NS versus one of the available BSSs.

Conclusions

Despite the recent publication of large multicenter RCTs, the preferred resuscitation fluid, NS or a BSS, for critically ill patients is still open for debate, although the available investigations do provide some direction for clinicians and for future investigations.
Health-Related and Behavioral Factors Associated With Lung Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: Observations From Alberta’s Tomorrow Project
Authors: Aktary Michelle L. , Ghebrial Monica , Wang Qinggang , Shack Lorraine , Robson Paula J. , Kopciuk Karen A.
Published: April 2022

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Canada, with stage at diagnosis among the top predictors of lung cancer survival. Identifying factors associated with stage at diagnosis can help reduce lung cancer morbidity and mortality. This study used data from a prospective cohort study of adults living in Alberta, Canada to examine factors associated with lung cancer stage at diagnosis.

Methods

This cohort study used data from adults aged 35–69 years enrolled in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project. Partial Proportional Odds models were used to examine associations between sociodemographic characteristics and health-related factors and subsequent lung cancer stage at diagnosis.

Results

A total of 221 participants (88 males and 133 females) developed lung cancer over the study period. Nearly half (48.0%) of lung cancers were diagnosed at a late stage (stage IV), whereas 30.8 % and 21.3% were diagnosed at stage I/II and III, respectively. History of sunburn in the past year was protective against late-stage lung cancer diagnosis (odds ratio (OR) .40, P=.005). In males, a higher number of lifetime prostate specific antigen tests was associated with reduced odds of late-stage lung cancer diagnosis (odds ratio .66, P=.02). Total recreational physical activity was associated with increased odds of late-stage lung cancer diagnosis (OR 1.08, P=.01).

Discussion

Lung cancer stage at diagnosis remains a crucial determinant of prognosis. This study identified important factors associated with lung cancer stage at diagnosis. Study findings can inform targeted cancer prevention initiatives towards improving early detection of lung cancer and lung cancer survival.
Robust tracking control design with a novel leakage-type adaptive mechanism for an uncertain lower limb exoskeleton robot
Authors: Yang Siyang , Pei Jiufang , Liu Youyu , Chen Ye-Hwa
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a novel adaptive robust control approach has been proposed for a class of uncertain mechanical systems. First, aiming for the unknown uncertainties which may be fast time-varying, a novel adaptive mechanism in leakage-type will be developed. Unlike the prevalent adaptive methods, this adaptive mechanism put forward mainly accounts for estimating all the lumped uncertainty terms, and does not require any information of uncertainties other than they are bounded; Second, through transforming the gait following assignment to the constraint control, an adaptive robust constraint-following controller constructed will render the constraints uniformly bounded and uniformly ultimately bounded. To testify the efficacy of proposed approach, a lower limb exoskeleton robot is considered as an illustrative example, the simulations indicate that the proposed control can indeed improve the level of passive rehabilitation training.
Domestic Homicide Review Committees’ Recommendations and Impacts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jones Cassandra , Bracewell Kelly , Clegg Andrew , Stanley Nicky , Chantler Khatidja
Published: April 2022

Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews/Domestic Homicide Reviews (DVFRs/DHRs) are multi-agency reviews aimed at reducing domestic homicides. This study systematically reviews research that examines DVFR/DHR recommendations, impact of these recommendations and proposals for improving DVFR/DHR processes. A narrative synthesis was adopted due to the diversity of the 11 studies reviewed. Themes identified from recommendations included: training and awareness; service provision and coordination; and recommendations for children. Regarding DVFR/DHR processes, standardization, diverse teams, and additional resources were highlighted. There was little evidence of whether DVFR/DHR recommendations were implemented. Findings can strengthen DVFR/DHR operationalization and impacts.
What Do Families Visiting the Zoo Talk About? A Case Study in the Parque das Aves, Brazil
Authors: Scalfi Graziele , Massarani Luisa , Kei Sato Marcelo , de Araujo Juliana Magalhães , Bizerra Alessandra
Published: April 2022

In this article, we aim to contribute to research on the meaning of experiences by studying families visiting zoos – specifically in the context of Latin America. To this end, in this case study, we investigate conversations that occurred during family visits to Parque das Aves (Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil). The results show that families had conversations that were scientific in nature, frequently naming bird species, and commenting on their behaviors and habits. However, few comments truly deepened the discussions of and reflections on biological and ecological scientific knowledge. Conversations centered around the reading of informative panels, emotional connections, and previous experiences enhanced the families’ creation of meaning. Our findings suggest a missed opportunity for interpretation to use linkages between the observed birds and visitors’ daily lives to enhance emotional connections with these species and to deeper key concepts about conservation of biodiversity.
Healthy, But Say It Out Loud? The Messaging Effect on Restaurants’ Healthy Food Promotion
Authors: Lu Lu , Cai Ruiying
Published: April 2022

This research aims to examine the role of menu messaging (implicit vs. explicit) used to disclose the healthy food item in shifting diner perceptions and purchase intentions. Drawing on a consumer experiment, the results establish a menu messaging effect on diners’ purchase intentions of healthy items and the underlying mechanism via psychological reactance and perceived attractiveness. Explicit (vs. implicit) messaging negatively affects consumer purchase intentions, which is due to 1) increased psychological reactance (i.e., perceived threat of freedom and counterarguing) and 2) decreased perceived attractiveness. The menu messaging effect is further conditioned by diners’ goal orientation (pleasure vs. goal). Under a goal-driven mindset, the messaging effect is more pronounced compared to a pleasure-driven mindset. This research is among the first to establish a significant role of menu messaging in healthy item communication at restaurants. Theoretical and managerial are further elaborated.
Dialysis vascular access restoration by a transcollateral approach using the Surfacer® Inside-Out® Access Catheter System
Authors: Klepanec Andrej , Hoferica Matus , Harsany Jan , Sengölge Gürkan
Published: April 2022

Chronic thoracic venous occlusion (CTVO) as a result of repeated or prolonged central venous catheter insertion represents a significant problem in catheter-dependent patients. Different endovascular techniques techniques have been utilised for CTVO recanalization. The Surfacer® Inside-out® system represents a new approach to restore right-sided central venous access in CTVO by the inside-out recanalization technique. Standard approach for device implantation is through right femoral vein. In this case report, we report the first case to our knowledge of dialysis access restoration with Surfacer® system implantation via an unconventional and non-standard route by a transcollateral approach in a patient with exhausted vascular access options.
Local damage characteristics of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to hard/deformable projectile impact
Authors: Beppu Masuhiro , Kataoka Shinnosuke , Mori Koki , Ichino Hiroyoshi
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate the local failure mechanism of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to hard and deformable projectile impacts. This is done by conducting impact tests and numerical simulations. In a series of impact tests, a hard/deformable steel projectile (8.3–8.4 kg) collided with a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of 10–30 cm at an impact velocity of 64–90 m/s, and the impact and reaction forces were measured. The numerical simulation demonstrated that the failure of the reinforced concrete slab was affected by the rigidity of the projectile in terms of the maximum impact force and impulse.
Social media, misinformation, and cultivation of informational mistrust: Cultivating Covid-19 mistrust
Authors: Park Yong Jin , Chung Jae Eun , Kim Jeong Nam
Published: April 2022

We adopt the cultivation theory to identify the ways the increased exposures to (mis)information in social media and traditional media cultivate the perceptions of (1) informational mistrust and (2) ill-confidence in dealing with Covid-19 pandemic risk. Importantly, we expanded the theory and hypothesized about the roles of informal societal ties by investigating whether local community attachment and frequent friend-family interactions can mitigate the formation and consequence of mistrust arising from the exposure to misinformation. We found that the higher exposure to Covid-19 misinformation, as promulgated in both active and passive social media uses, was related to informational mistrust that was also linked to a lower level of confidence in telling the veracity of misinformation. Findings also show the significant relationships between two forms of informal social ties and misinformation confidence. We discuss how the abundance of information sources fuels misinformed citizenry as individuals are left alone to navigate increasingly confusing influx of unfounded misinformation abounded in social media.