bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Dam Inflow Variation Using the Hydrological Sensitivity Method in a Trans-Boundary River Basin: Case Study in the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Kim Sang Ug , Yu Xiao
Published: February 2019

Water resource planning in a trans-boundary river basin is complex because of different institutional and scientific concerns and it may become increasingly difficult as a consequence of water scarcity caused by climate change. The analysis of discharge variations in a trans-boundary river basin is very important because the results can be key to resolve complex problems including decreased hydropower generation, degraded water quality, and deficient water supplies. Despite its importance, there are relatively few studies dealing with hydrological variation in a trans-boundary river basin. Therefore, this study used the hydrological sensitivity method to identify the discharge variation in the Hwacheon dam upper basin, a representative trans-boundary river basin between South Korea and North Korea. This particular basin was selected because the inflow into the Hwacheon dam in South Korea has decreased significantly after the construction of the Imnam dam in North Korea in 2000. The hydrological sensitivity method is a simple approach to analyze variations in discharge. After collecting 51 years (1967–2017) of rainfall and inflow data, a change point that represents an abrupt change in the time series was detected by using moving average, double-mass curve analysis, Pettitt’s test, and Bayesian change-point analysis. The change point detected by these methods was 1999. The hydrological sensitivity method using five Budyko-based functions was applied to a time series divided into before and after the detected change point. The average decrease after 1999 was 464.91 mm/y (or 1899 × 106 m3/y). Also, the maximum and minimum decreases after 1999 were 515.24 mm/y (or 2105 × 106 m3/y) and 435.32 mm/y (or 1778 × 106 m3/y), respectively. Because of the increase in rainfall and the decrease in inflow since 2000, the values determined in this study are slightly larger than those from conventional studies. Finally, it is suggested that the results from this study can be used effectively to establish reasonable water resource planning in the trans-boundary river basin between South Korea and North Korea.
SCIENTIFIC CAPACITY AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AS LOCOMOTORS OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS IN LATIN AMERICA
Authors: Peña-Vinces Jesús , Sanchez-Ancochea Diego , Guillen Jorge , Aguado Luis F.
Published: February 2019

Different bodies of literature emphasise the separate impact of the manufacturing sector and scientific capacity for competitiveness in developing countries. Scientific knowledge can increase productivity and promote innovation, while the manufacturing sector creates spillovers and generates processes of learning-by-doing. Yet, do these two processes complement each other? Do they, together, contribute to even higher international competitiveness? This paper explores these questions, drawing on an eleven-years panel data set for ten South American economies. We develop a moderation hypothesis model based on the congruence between science, industry, and international competitiveness. Our results support our hypothesis that scientific capacity and manufacturing development have a joint impact on international competitiveness that goes beyond their marginal effects and thus calls for future efforts to implement industrial policy.
EBIT Observation of Ar Dielectronic Recombination Lines near the Unknown Faint X-Ray Feature Found in the Stacked Spectrum of Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Gall Amy C. , Foster Adam R. , Silwal Roshani , Dreiling Joan M. , Borovik Alexander , Kilgore Ethan , Ajello Marco , Gillaspy John D. , Ralchenko Yuri , Takács Endre
Published: February 2019

Motivated by possible atomic origins of the unidentified emission line detected at 3.55–3.57 keV in a stacked spectrum of galaxy clusters, an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) was used to investigate the resonant dielectronic recombination (DR) process in highly charged argon ions as a possible contributor to the emission feature. The He-like Ar DR-induced transition 1s22l–1s2l3l′ was suggested to produce a 3.62 keV photon near the unidentified line at 3.57 keV and was the starting point of our investigation. The collisional-radiative model NOMAD was used to create synthetic spectra for comparison with both our EBIT measurements and with spectra produced with the AtomDB database/Astrophysical Plasma Emission Code (APEC) used in the Bulbul et al. work. Excellent agreement was found between the NOMAD and EBIT spectra, providing a high level of confidence in the atomic data used. Comparison of the NOMAD and APEC spectra revealed a number of missing features in the AtomDB database near the unidentified line. At an electron temperature of T

e
 = 1.72 keV, the inclusion of the missing lines in AtomDB increases the total flux in the 3.5–3.66 keV energy band by a factor of 2. While important, this extra emission is not enough to explain the unidentified line found in the galaxy cluster spectra.
Review of Sustainable Multimodal Freight Transportation System in African Developing Countries: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Okyere Stephen , Yang Jia Qi , Aning Kwabena Sarpong , Zhan Bin
Published: February 2019

The importance of transportation in the socio-economic development of nations cannot be downplayed. Intermodal transport has become vital concept for ensuring sustainable freight transport in developed economies but less focused on among African scientific community as it attracts fewer researches and developments. This paper aims to review and promote the development of sustainable intermodal freight transport systems in African developing countries with insights from Ghana.The researchers adopted literature review approach for the global intermodal developments and that of developing economies with emphasis on Africa and Ghana.Transport experts and experienced practitioners’ opinions were sought to complement the limited literature on the means to improve intermodal transport and logistics management systems. Authors discovered that some African countries like Ghana potentially posses some relevant multimodal resources such as seaport, waterway, railway and road infrastructures. However, they are not well interconnected to acquire intermodal benefits. Besides, the existing transportation systems were mostly road dominated and frauded with cost-inefficiencies; greenhouse gas emissions, traffic congestion, accidents, high maintenance and service deficiencies.The constraints are lack of skilled labor, limited infrastructure, safety and security problems, limited institutional capacity, poor intermodal transport network and connectivity issues. Some practical measures to improve the lapses in the transport system were highlighted. It was suggested that management of African developing countries must remodify their transport policies to attract investors and transport players. This would strengthen Public Private Partnerships (PPP) collaborations in developing intermodal freight transport and logistics systems.
Backstepping Controller Design for a 5 DOF Spherical Inverted Pendulum
Authors: Krafes Soukaina , Chalh Zakaria , Saka Abdelmjid
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a Backstepping controller for five degrees of freedom Spherical Inverted Pendulum. Since the system is nonlinear, unstable, underactuated and MIMO and has a nonsquare form, the classic control design cannot be applied to control it. In order to remedy this problem, we propose in this paper a new method based on hierarchical steps of the Backstepping controller taking into a count the nonlinearities that cannot be neglected. Furthermore, a Linear Quadratic Regulator controller and LQR + PID based on the linearized system model are also designed for performance comparison. Finally, a simulation study is carried out to prove the effectiveness of proposed control scheme and is validated using the virtual reality environment that proves the performance of the Backstepping controller over the linear ones where it brings the pendulum from any initial condition in the upper hemisphere while the base is brought to the origin of the coordinates.
Signal Propagation and Analysis in Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
Authors: Zungeru Adamu Murtala , Chuma Joseph , Mangwala Mmoloki , Sigweni Boyce , Matsebe Oduetse
Published: February 2019

The most challenging issue in the design of wireless sensor networks for the application of localization in the underground environment, mostly for miner’s location, is the sensor nodes’ energy consumption, efficiency and communication. Underground Wireless Sensor Networks are active and promising area of application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), whereby sensor nodes perform sensing duties in the underground environment. Most of the communication techniques used in the underground environment experience a high path loss and hence, hinders the range needed for transmission. However, the available option to increase information transmission is to increase the transmission power which needs large size of apparatus which is also limited in the underground. To solve the mentioned problems, this paper proposed a Magnetic Induction based Pulse Power. Analytical results of the Magnetic Induction based Pulse Power with an ordinary magnetic induction communication technique show an improvement in Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and path loss with variation in distance between nodes and frequency of operation. This paper further formulates a nonlinear program to determine the optimal data (events) extraction in a grid based WUSNs.
Pressure and Friction Effects on the Mechanical Behaviour of a Ductile Material during Deep Drawing
Authors: Ghennai Walid , Boussaid Ouzine , Bendjama Hocine , Guersi Noureddine
Published: February 2019

The aim of this work is to study the plastic instabilities occurring on the stamped sheets during deep drawing process. The analysis of the plastic deformation of the material showed that the deformation occurs in bi-axial extension at the bottom of the punch due to thinning of the sheet, in local necking together at the vertical wall level of the sheet and below the blank holder due to thickening of the sheet. As a first step, an experimental characterization of the material is undertaken, whose experimental tests made it possible to determine the fundamental characteristics of the material. In the second step, a study of the material behaviour during forming process by numerical simulation using Abaqus finite element code is proposed. The various simulations undertaken showed the variation of the two parameters; the blank holder force and the friction effect. The blank holder force and friction, applied respectively to the blank flange region and between the tool-blank surfaces, make it possible to optimize the deformation limits and to repel any instability which may appear on the material in deep drawing. The simulations carried out on Abaqus code allow to visualize the material behaviour during deformation, by locating the thinning and necking zones on the sheet and from there, in order to locate areas at risk of failure. An optimization of the process is proposed by varying the considered parameters in a validated numerical model. Satisfactory results have been obtained which clearly show the failure and the safe zones.
Waste-Based Construction Materials
Authors: Zelinskaya Elena , Tolmacheva N.A. , Barakhtenko V.V. , Burdonov A.E. , Garashchenko N.E. , Garashchenko A.A.
Published: February 2019

The article is devoted to the research into the utilization of large volume industrial wastes to produce mineral-polymer composite construction materials. To produce the composites, polyvinyl chloride wastes have been suggested as binding thermoplastic matrix and ash-and-slag wastes, which are the by-product of coal combustion at TPP of Irkutsk Oblast, as mineral filler. Since the problem of accumulation and storage, such as large volumes of power generation industry wastes is becoming more and more serious, the recycling of these wastes with the production of useful products is the vital task. Plants that manufacture products from PVC also produce plastic wastes in the form of rejected and substandard raw material, which can be recycled. At the same time, the problem of production available construction materials for the Baikal region from the local cheap raw material is solved. The team of Irkutsk National Research Technical University has conducted a number of the industrial trials on the production of mineral-polymer composites by the method of extrusion. As a result, the principal opportunity of co-utilization of PVC wastes and ash-and-slag materials during the production of composite construction materials has been testified. Local construction companies can use the produced materials.
Constructions of $k$-regular maps using finite local schemes
Authors: Buczyński Jarosław , Januszkiewicz Tadeusz , Jelisiejew Joachim , Michałek Mateusz
Published: February 2019

A continuous map

\mathbb R^m \to \mathbb R^N

or

\mathbb C^m \to \mathbb C^N

is called

k

-regular if the images of any

k

points are linearly independent. Given integers

m

and

k

a problem going back to Chebyshev and Borsuk is to determine the minimal value of

N

for which such maps exist. The methods of algebraic topology provide lower bounds for

N

, but there are very few results on the existence of such maps for particular values

m

and

k

. Using methods of algebraic geometry we construct

k

-regular maps. We relate the upper bounds on

N

with the dimension of the locus of certain Gorenstein schemes in the punctual Hilbert scheme. The computations of the dimension of this family is explicit for

k \leq 9

, and we provide explicit examples for

k \leq 5

. We also provide upper bounds for arbitrary

m

and

k

.
Многомерные экстремумы случайных признаков частиц
в ветвящихся процессах с максимум-линейной наследственностью
Authors: Lebedev Alexey Viktorovich
Published: February 2019

Работа продолжает многолетние исследования автора по экстремумам
случайных признаков частиц в ветвящихся процессах. Предполагается,
что признаки частиц зависимы, причем их зависимость обусловлена
общей наследственностью и определяется степенью родства. Рассмотрен
случай, когда признаки имеют распределения с тяжелыми хвостами.
Используется максимум-линейная модель формирования признаков.
Изучается асимптотическое поведение многомерных экстремумов признаков
по поколениям. Получены невырожденные предельные законы для максимумов
при линейной нормировке, приведены примеры для различных типов ветвящихся
процессов.
Библиография: 41 название.
Ramos colaterais do arco aórtico de Callithrix penicillata (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates, Cebidae)
Authors: Neto José Ricardo Nascimento de Souza , Lima Ana Rita , Branco Érika
Published: February 2019

Callithrix penicillata é um primata não humano endêmico no Brasil, amplamente utilizado para estudos biomédicos, porém, pouco se conhece quanto à anatomia desses indivíduos, incluindo aspectos vasculares. Assim, objetivamos descrever o arco aórtico dessa espécie, a fim de corroborar tanto estudos comparados quanto ensaios hemodinâmicos para modelos experimentais. Foram avaliados cinco C. penicillata, que apresentaram dois tipos distintos de angioarquitetura do arco aórtico, sendo um comumente encontrado em outros mamíferos, e outro em similaridade com Saguinus niger, sugerindo que tal padrão possa ter relação com o fato de ambas as espécies pertencerem à Família Callithrichidae.
Using satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns to infer
long-term trends in US NOx emissions: the importance of accounting for the free tropospheric NO2 background
Authors: Silvern Rachel F. , Jacob Daniel J. , Mickley Loretta J. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Travis Katherine R. , Marais Eloise A. , Cohen Ronald C. , Laughner Joshua L. , Choi Sungyeon , Joiner Joanna , Lamsal Lok N.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The National Emission Inventory (NEI) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports a steady decrease of US NOx emissions over the 2005–2017 period at a rate of 0.1 Mt a−1 (53 % decrease over the period), reflecting sustained efforts to improve air quality. Tropospheric NO2 columns observed by the satellite-based Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) over the US show a steady decrease until 2009 but a flattening afterward, which has been attributed to a flattening of NOx emissions in contradiction with the NEI. We show here that the steady 2005–2017 decrease of NOx emissions reported by the NEI is in fact consistent with observed network trends of surface NO2 and ozone concentrations. The OMI NO2 trend is instead similar to that observed for nitrate wet deposition fluxes, where post-2009 flattening is due to an increasing relative contribution of non-anthropogenic background (mainly lightning and soils) and not to a flattening of anthropogenic emissions. This is confirmed by contrasting OMI NO2 trends in urban winter, where the background is low and OMI NO2 shows a steady 2005–2017 decrease consistent with the NEI, and rural summer, where the background is high and OMI NO2 shows no significant 2005–2017 trend. A GEOS-Chem model simulation driven by NEI emission trends for the 2005–2017 period reproduces these different trends except for the post-2009 flattening of OMI NO2, which we attribute to a model underestimate of free tropospheric NO2. Better understanding is needed of the factors controlling free tropospheric NO2 in order to relate satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns to the underlying NOx emissions and their trends. Focusing on urban winter conditions in the satellite data minimizes the effect of this free tropospheric background.
Global carbon budgets estimated from atmospheric O2/N2 and CO2 observations in the western Pacific region over a 15-year period
Authors: Tohjima Yasunori , Mukai Hitoshi , Machida Toshinobu , Hoshina Yu , Nakaoka Shin-Ichiro
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Time series of atmospheric O2/N2 ratio and CO2 mole fraction of flask samples obtained from NIES’s flask sampling network are presented. The network includes two ground sites, Hateruma Island (HAT, 24.05 °N, 123.81 °E) and Cape Ochiishi (COI, 43.17 °N, 145.50 °E), and cargo ships regularly sailing in the western Pacific. Based on temporal changes in fossil fuel-derived CO2 emissions, global atmospheric CO2 burden, and atmospheric potential oxygen (APO), which were calculated from the observed O2/N2 ratio and CO2 mole fraction according to APO = O2 + 1.1 × CO2, we estimated the global carbon sinks of the ocean and land biosphere for a period of more than 15 years. In this carbon budget calculation, we adopted a correction for the time-varying ocean O2 outgassing effect with an average of 0.43 PgC yr−1 for 2000–2016. The outgassing effect, attributed to global ocean warming, was evaluated under the assumption that the net ocean gas flux is proportional to the change in the ocean heat content for the 0–2000 m layer. The resulting oceanic and land biotic carbon sinks were 2.5 ± 0.6 PgC yr−1 and 1.6 ± 0.8 PgC yr−1, respectively, for a 17-year period (2000–2016) and 2.3 ± 0.6 PgC yr−1 and 2.0 ± 0.8 PgC yr−1, respectively, for a 14-year period (2003–2016). Despite the independent approaches, these sink values of this study agreed with those estimated by the Global Carbon Project (GCP) within a difference of about ±0.3 PgC yr−1. We examined the carbon sinks for an interval of five years to assess the temporal trends. The pentad (5-year) ocean sinks showed an increasing trend at a rate of 0.09 ± 0.02 PgC yr−2 during 2001–2014, while the pentad land sinks showed an increasing trend at a rate of 0.23 ± 0.03 PgC yr−2 for 2001–2009 and a decreasing trend at a rate of − 0.23 ± 0.05 PgC yr−2 during 2009–2014. Although there is good agreement in the trends of the pentad sinks between this study and that of GCP, the increasing rate of the pentad ocean sinks of this study was about two times larger than that of GCP.
Remote sensing of cloud droplet radius profiles using solar reflectance from cloud sides – Part 1: Retrieval development and characterization
Authors: Ewald Florian , Zinner Tobias , Kölling Tobias , Mayer Bernhard
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Convective clouds play an essential role for Earth's
climate as well as for regional weather events since they have a large
influence on the radiation budget and the water cycle. In particular, cloud
albedo and the formation of precipitation are influenced by aerosol particles
within clouds. In order to improve the understanding of processes from
aerosol activation, from cloud droplet growth to changes in cloud radiative
properties, remote sensing techniques become more and more important. While
passive retrievals for spaceborne observations have become sophisticated and
commonplace for inferring cloud optical thickness and droplet size from cloud
tops, profiles of droplet size have remained largely uncharted territory for
passive remote sensing. In principle they could be derived from observations
of cloud sides, but faced with the small-scale heterogeneity of cloud sides, “classical” passive remote sensing techniques are rendered inappropriate.
In this work the feasibility is demonstrated to gain new insights into the
vertical evolution of cloud droplet effective radius by using reflected solar
radiation from cloud sides. Central aspect of this work on its path to a
working cloud side retrieval is the analysis of the impact unknown cloud
surface geometry has on effective radius retrievals. This study examines the
sensitivity of reflected solar radiation to cloud droplet size, using
extensive 3-D radiative transfer calculations on the basis of realistic
droplet size resolving cloud simulations. Furthermore, it explores a further
technique to resolve ambiguities caused by illumination and cloud geometry by
considering the surroundings of each pixel. Based on these findings, a
statistical approach is used to provide an effective radius retrieval. This
statistical effective radius retrieval is focused on the liquid part of
convective water clouds, e.g., cumulus mediocris, cumulus congestus, and
trade-wind cumulus, which exhibit well-developed cloud sides. Finally, the
developed retrieval is tested using known and unknown cloud side scenes to
analyze its performance.
Evolution of the ESA CCI Soil Moisture Climate Data Records and
their underlying merging methodology
Authors: Gruber Alexander , Scanlon Tracy , van der Schalie Robin , Wagner Wolfgang , Dorigo Wouter
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative for Soil Moisture (ESA CCI SM) merging algorithm generates consistent quality-controlled long-term (1978–2018) Climate Data Records for soil moisture which serves thousands of scientists and data users worldwide. It harmonises and merges soil moisture retrievals from multiple satellites into (i) an active-microwave-based only, (ii) a passive-microwave-based only, and a combined active-passive product, which are sampled to daily global images on a 0.25 degree regular grid. Since its first release in 2012 the algorithm has undergone substantial improvements which have so far not been thoroughly reported in the scientific literature. This paper fills this gap by reviewing and discussing the science behind the three major ESA CCI SM merging algorithm versions 2 (https://doi.org/10.5285/3729b3fbbb434930bf65d82f9b00111c; Wagner et al., 2018), 3 (https://doi.org/10.5285/b810601740bd4848b0d7965e6d83d26c; Dorigo et al., 2018a), and 4 (https://doi.org/10.5285/3a8a94c3fa464d68b6d70df291afd457; Dorigo et al., 2018b) and provides an outlook to the expected improvements planned for the next algorithm version 5.
OpenArray v1.0: A Simple Operator Library for the Decoupling of Ocean Modelling and Parallel Computing
Authors: Huang Xiaomeng , Huang Xing , Wang Dong , Wu Qi , Zhang Shixun , Chen Yuwen , Wang Mingqing , Li Yi , Gao Yuan , Tang Qiang , Chen Yue , Fang Zheng , Song Zhenya , Yang Guangwen
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The increasing complexity of climate models combined with rapidly evolving computational techniques introduces a large gap in climate modelling. In this work, we design a simple computing library to decouple the work of ocean modelling from the work of parallel computing. The library provides twelve basic operators that feature user-friendly interfaces, effective programming and automatic parallelization. We further implement a highly readable and efficient ocean model that contains only 1860 lines of code but achieves a 91 % parallel efficiency in strong scaling and 99 % parallel efficiency in weak scaling with 4096 Intel CPU cores. This ocean model also exhibits excellent scalability on the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer. This work presents a valuable example for the development of the next generation of ocean models.
Flood-related extreme precipitation in southwestern Germany: development of a two-dimensional stochastic precipitation model
Authors: Ehmele Florian , Kunz Michael
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Various fields of application, such as risk assessments of the insurance
industry or the design of flood protection systems, require reliable
precipitation statistics in high spatial resolution, including estimates for
events with high return periods. Observations from point stations, however,
lack of spatial representativeness, especially over complex terrain. Current
numerical weather models are not capable of running simulations over
thousands of years. This paper presents a new method for the stochastic
simulation of widespread precipitation based on a linear theory describing
orographic precipitation and additional functions that consider synoptically
driven rainfall and embedded convection in a simplified way. The model is
initialized by various statistical distribution functions describing
prevailing atmospheric conditions such as wind vector, moisture content, or
stability, estimated from radiosonde observations for a limited sample of
observed heavy rainfall events. The model is applied for the stochastic
simulation of heavy rainfall over the complex terrain of southwestern Germany.
It is shown that the model provides reliable precipitation fields despite its
simplicity. The differences between observed and simulated rainfall
statistics are small, being of the order of only ±10 % for return
periods of up to 1000 years.
Technical note: Analytical sensitivity analysis and uncertainty estimation of baseflow index calculated by a two-component hydrograph separation method with conductivity as a tracer
Authors: Yang Weifei , Xiao Changlai , Liang Xiujuan
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The two-component hydrograph separation method with
conductivity as a tracer is favored by hydrologists owing to its low cost
and easy application. This study analyzes the sensitivity of the baseflow
index (BFI, long-term ratio of baseflow to streamflow) calculated using this
method to errors or uncertainties in two parameters (BFC, the
conductivity of baseflow, and ROC, the conductivity of surface runoff)
and two variables (yk, streamflow, and SCk, specific conductance of
streamflow, where k is the time step) and then estimates the uncertainty in
BFI. The analysis shows that for time series longer than 365 days, random
measurement errors in yk or SCk will cancel each other out, and their
influence on BFI can be neglected. An uncertainty estimation method of BFI
is derived on the basis of the sensitivity analysis. Representative
sensitivity indices (the ratio of the relative error in BFI to that
of BFC or ROC) and BFI′ uncertainties are determined
by applying the resulting equations to 24 watersheds in the US. These
dimensionless sensitivity indices can well express the propagation of errors
or uncertainties in BFC or ROC into BFI. The results indicate that
BFI is more sensitive to BFC, and the conductivity two-component
hydrograph separation method may be more suitable for the long time series
in a small watershed. When the mutual offset of the measurement errors in
conductivity and streamflow is considered, the uncertainty in BFI is reduced by half.
Bayesian Network Model for Flood Forecasting Based on Atmospheric Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: Goodarzi Leila , Banihabib Mohammad Ebrahim , Roozbahani Abbas , Dietrich Jörg
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to propose the Bayesian Network (BN) model to estimate flood peak from Atmospheric Ensemble Forecasts (AEFs). The Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to simulate historic storms using five cumulus parameterization schemes. The BN model was trained to forecast flood peak from AEFs. Mean Absolute Relative Error was calculated as 0.076 for validation data while it was calculated as 0.39 in artificial neural network (ANN) as a widely used model. It seems that BN is less sensitive to small data set, thus it is more suited for forecasting flood peak than ANN.
Estimate of Greenland and Antarctic ice-sheet total discharge from multiple GRACE solutions
Authors: Russo Ida , Ramillien Guillaume , Frappart Frédéric , Rémy Frédérique
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In this work a method for the estimation of 2003–2010 monthly-mean total discharge from Greenland and Antarctica is presented. We show that measurements of time-variable gravity from GRACE when combined with estimates of precipitation and sublimation can realistically reconstruct the total discharge from the ice-sheets into the ocean. In particular, the total discharge has been calculated as a 8-member ensemble-mean obtained by combining multiple GRACE solutions with water fluxes from both an high resolution regional atmospheric climate model (RACMO2) and a global reanalysis (ERA-Interim). The gravimetric measurements of mass variations and the precipitation and sublimation atmospheric fields have been combined in the ice-sheets water mass balance equation, according to the main drainage basin systems. The use of the combined land-atmosphere water mass balance has also been tested, which however led to a large underestimation of total discharge. A comparison among the different GRACE solutions is also performed, highlighting similarities and differences and analyzing the possible causes. GRACE datasets show similar ice-sheet mass trends on Antarctica and over the majority of the Greenland basins, while significant differences (up to a factor of 1.9) have been found in mass-loss areas characterized by strongly negative water height trends. This is likely primarily caused by the different pre-processing techniques applied to the raw gravimetric data.
A Semantic Analysis of Experiential Construction in Hokkien
Authors: Novita Sherly , . Mulyadi
Published: February 2019

In this article the author discusses the analysis of the experience of construction and the subject of experiencer (dative) in Hokkien. In Semantic studies, experiential construction is a process or method used to form meaning that has experiencer as a human participant who accidentally experiences a mental or physical state. The concept of experience explains 5 subdomains of experiential verbs, namely bodily sensations (thirst, hunger, pain, itching), emotions (anger, pleasure, fear), desire (want), cognition (thinking, knowing, remembering), and perception (see, feel, hearing), as well as forms of experiential adjectives, namely curious, clever, forgetful, and confused. Each language has terms that are bad, good, and neutral emotions and can be described through symptoms outside the body, such as red and pale. This research is a qualitative descriptive study and was compiled using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) theory. The author analyzes the data in this article by using data collection methods from respondents with referring, engaging, and proficient techniques. The research data is taken from written and verbal sources. The experiential construction in Hokkien may use both transitive and intransitive experiential verbs in experiential assignment as object and or subject datives. In Hokkien, subject experiencer is taking the position of direct subject, while the object experiencer is taking the position as dative subject.
Research on the Relationship between Trainers' Turnover Intention and Organizational Justice
Authors: Tolukan Ersan , Akyel Yakup
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the organizational justice levels and the turnover intention of trainers working in different departments. The present research was designed with relational screening model. Organizational Justice Scale developed by Kim (2009) and adapted to Turkish by Sayın and Şahin (2017) and the Turnover Intention Scale developed by Mobley et al. (1978) were applied to 382 volunteer participants. One-way analysis of variance was used in order to determine whether there was a significant difference in turnover intention and organizational justice levels according to demographic characteristics of participants. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated in order to determine the level of relationship between the participants' organizational justice levels and their turnover intention. Significance level was taken as 0.05. At the end of the study, it was determined that there was a negative and medium level relationship between the organizational justice levels of the trainers and their turnover intention. When evaluating them in terms of demographic variables, it was determined that as the level of educational level of the trainers increases, the level of distribution justice sub-dimension decreases and the levels of organizational perception of the trainers, whose branches are the combat sport, were low.
Predictors and students’ perceptions of NCLEX-RN success in a BS program
Authors: Kim Hee Jun , Nikstaitis Teresa M. , Park Hyunjeong , Armstrong Lorraine J. , Mark Hayley D.
Published: February 2019

Background: First time National Council Licensure Examination-Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) pass rates and successful student progression in a program are considered key indicators of quality of nursing programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of first-attempt NCLEX-RN success among multiple factors, and to explore the students’ perception for NCLEX-RN.Methods: A retrospective descriptive design was used including a total of 671 students who were admitted as a junior to the program between spring 2012 and fall 2015. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models were conducted to find significant predictors of first time NCLEX-RN success.Results: Course grades for adult health, family health, critical care health, and the repeated course history, and HESI scores for adult health, family health, and the EXIT exam were significant predictors of NCLEX-RN success. Students perceived that the review course and practice test were helpful in passing NCLEX-RN.Conclusions: Findings of this study would be beneficial for nursing programs to strategize effectively for students who are at risk of failing and support them in their NCLEX-RN preparation.
Assessment of the Quality of Water for Injection Marketed in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Felix Onyia Chukwuebuka , Moses Ikegbunam Nkechukwu , Chibuanuli Okafor Maris-stella , Okechukwu Esimone Charles
Published: February 2019

The present work seeks to evaluate the safety and quality of water for injection (WFI) marketed in south-Eastern Nigeria. The physical, microbiological and chemical qualities of different brands of WFI marketed in south- eastern Nigeria were evaluated in order to ascertain their quality. A total of one hundred and forty-seven (147) samples of four different brands of WFI (approximately thirty vials per state) were analysed. All the brands (A, B, and C) except D conformed to the PH range (5.0-7.0) at room temperature. The PH value of all the brands reduced when subjected to increased temperature. All the brands were also sterile. All the brands passed the conductivity test with respect to compendia standard. The study revealed that the various brands of WFI marketed in south-eastern Nigeria conform to some official limits except for heavy metals. However, WFI in south-eastern Nigeria are considerably safe.
Negative Other-Representation in American Political Speeches
Authors: Akbar Noor Falah Hassan , Abbas Nawal Fadhil
Published: February 2019

The present study has two aims: First, to investigate the way knowledge has been expressed in relation to the negative representation of the two categories, namely, immigrants (especially illegal ones) and Syrian refugees, in two of Donald Trump’s pre- and post-presidential speeches. Second, to examine the local ideologies that can be identified in relation to the negative representation of the two categories in the selected data. Consequently, four extracts have been selected to be critically examined by means of adopting eight selected strategies out of Van Dijk’s fourteen Strategies of Critical Epistemic Discourse Analysis (2011b) in combination with Van Dijk’s Ideological Square (2011a). The results have shown a lack of credibility in many of the statements Trump has made in order to support his negative representation of the two categories. Besides, the two extracts taken from the selected post-presidential speech boldly reflect his discriminatory tendency towards the two categories. Thus, these two points lead to the conclusion that Trump’s negative representation of the two categories is actually out of the discriminatory ideology he adopts against them rather than a mere persuasive strategy to win the (2016) presidential elections of the United States of America (henceforth the U.S.).
An Analysis of English Oral Communication Apprehension and Anxiety of Engineering Undergraduates in Pakistan
Authors: Soomro Muhammad Arif , Siming Insaf Ali , Channa Mansoor Ahmed , Shah Syed Hyder Raza , Naeem Nadeem , Abbasi Abdul Malik
Published: February 2019

This paper investigates the communication apprehension (CA) and a form of anxiety which affects the engineering undergraduates’ oral communicative skills in English and particularly in oral presentations. However, this study was mainly based on the research question to be investigated: What barriers prevail among undergraduates that handicap their successful language learning and oral communicative skills in English? This study used qualitative instruments for collecting data; the instruments used were included as semi-structured interviews with eight participants and two focus group discussion to explore the barriers among Pakistani undergraduates. The data were analyzed using content analysis of the gathered data. The results revealed that communication apprehension can cause the variety of barriers among undergraduates during oral presentation. The results provided positive insights to communication practitioners and language educators on the issues related to communication apprehension; therefore, certain measures need to be taken to surmount the identified barriers.
Knowledge and Linguistic Creativity Interaction in the Media Discourse
Authors: Vishnyakova Olga Dmitrievna , Dobroradnykh Tatiana Anatolievna , Aleksandrova Valentina Anatolievna , Klimanova Maria Victorovna
Published: February 2019

The problem of linguistic knowledge and knowledge of the world correlation as applied to linguistic creativity is closely connected with the creative potential of language. Linguistic creativity manifests itself at various levels of linguistic expression and finds its representation in the sphere of meaning transformations. Linguistic meaning can also be regarded as a cultural information container and knowledge of the world carrier, which is particularly important in terms of linguistic and conceptual meaning correlation, which concerns with understanding and interpretation, as well as the process of world view formation.

Linguistic creativity can be regarded primarily as the activity of creating new meaning in order to produce a certain stylistic or rhetorical effect to achieve communicative pragmatic purpose in the course of information transfer.

The Mass Media discourse presented by the written media texts is characterized by the process of interrelation of the informative function of language with the functions of impact and persuasion, and deals with purposeful cognitive activities that include attitudes, motives, evaluations, etc. It is considered to be the area of the target audience political and ideological preferences manipulation, that comprises various linguistic phenomena, characterized by the ability to express evaluative and persuasive meanings. Sobriquet nominations used in the Media discourse play an important role in the process of evaluation and world view formation, as it reflects the peculiar characteristics of the object of nomination, significant for the linguocultural community in question in a certain period of time.
Proliferation of Multi-Cultures Through Globalization: Is It Promoting the Indigenous Culture or Global Culture?
Authors: Saddiqa Ayesha , Garcia Maria Isabel Maldonado , Ali Nadir
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the study was to highlight the impact of multicultural proliferation through globalization on the adolescents of Lahore, Pakistan. A way to measure part of the impact is to have an understanding of how they have internalized foreign holidays and/or festivals which belong to other cultures. The data were collected from 200 male and female participants, of ages 13 to 19 years. The sample was subdivided into two groups of 100 participants each based on their parents’ income level and the type of their institution (public or private). The medium of instruction in the private institutions of Lahore is English. English is, clearly, the language of globalization. In this regard, the hypothesis is that those students who study in private schools are more affected than those who study in public schools and whose medium of instruction is Urdu. A survey design was used to collect data regarding their perceptions about foreign cultural and religious festivals such as “Christmas”, “Holi”, “Valentine’s Day”, etc. Hamelink’s Cultural synchronization theory provided the theoretical lens to the study. The analysis procedure was based on content analysis. The findings reveal a vivid difference between the perceptions of both groups. The adolescents who belong to the lower socio-economic status (who attend public schools) do not favour the celebration of foreign festivals. However, a tendency towards celebrating “Black Friday”, “Valentine’s Day” and “Basant” has been noticed. On the other hand, the adolescents of higher socio-economic background (who attend private schools) look forward to celebrating these festivals and perceive their celebration does not harm their cultural values. Even if this effect is partially due to globalization, the speedy influence on one stratum of the young generation of Pakistan may lead to a rapid assimilation to the global culture in the forthcoming times and also an opposition to the other strata. The study suggests a national media campaign as well as an institutional policy with an emphasis on indigenous cultural, social and religious values. There is a need to be more tolerant towards “others”, and know how to co-exist but at the same time be able to retain the elements of the home culture of Pakistan, rather than adopting foreign practices.
No Sweat! Bilateral Shoulder Reduction Using a Modified Davos Technique
Authors: Joseph Jijoe , Nguyen Nancy , Gruzman Daniel , Boutin Anthony , Olsen Dean
Published: February 2019

Shoulder dislocations are a common entity seen and treated in the everyday practice of emergency physicians. Bilateral simultaneous shoulder dislocations, however, are rare and are only described in the literature through case reports with no consensus about how to effectively and efficiently reduce them. We present a case of a 21-year-old male who sustained bilateral simultaneous anterior shoulder dislocations after a suspected seizure. Following confirmation with radiographs, the patient’s dislocations were reduced successfully and in a timely manner using a novel method: the modified Davos technique.
Late Presentation of Transfusion-related Acute Lung Injury in the Emergency Department
Authors: Peak David , Davis William , Walton Steven
Published: February 2019

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a complication of blood product transfusion characterized by respiratory distress with bilateral lung infiltrates and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema developing within six hours of transfusion. TRALI is believed to result from an immunological response to transfused blood products. TRALI is a clinical diagnosis that requires the exclusion of other etiologies of pulmonary edema and acute lung injury. Here we report a case of a female who presented to the emergency department in acute respiratory distress two days after receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells for post-operative anemia following a hysterectomy.
The Quick and Dirty: A Tetanus Case Report
Authors: Mcelaney Patrick , Iyanaga Masayuki , Monks Stormy , Michelson Edward
Published: February 2019

Tetanus is an increasingly rare diagnosis in the post-vaccination era, although it continues to have significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the United States (U.S.), the incidence of tetanus has declined dramatically due to the widespread use of the vaccine. High-risk populations for tetanus in the U.S. include the elderly, diabetics, injection drug users, and unvaccinated individuals. This is a report of a 78-year-old male with an incomplete immunization history who presented to an emergency department with jaw pain and who was ultimately diagnosed with tetanus. This report highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tetanus.