bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A robust gap-filling method for Net Ecosystem Exchange based on Cahn–Hilliard inpainting
Authors: He Yufeng , Rayment Mark
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Traditional gap-filling approaches adopt a temporally linear perspective on data; whether synthesizing data statistically within a moving window, or using complex functions based on a “best-guess” understanding of the processes driving exchange. The former approach is limited in its ability to capture non-linear trends, and the latter is limited in situations where the flux response to driving variables is poorly understood or unknown (e.g. the response of gas exchange to water table depth in wetlands). Rearranging time-averaged half-hourly net ecosystem exchange (NEE) into a 48*N matrix has been used to visualize NEE as a “flux fingerprint” and suggests a different way of filling data gaps. In this paper, we introduce an image processing technique known as image inpainting to fill gaps in this two-dimensional representation of a one-dimensional data. This has the advantage that any short-term structure can be accommodated without expressly implying any particular functional response to driving environmental variables, and medium-term temporal structure (i.e. day-to-day covariance) can be incorporated into gaps in the flux signal. In this way, data gaps are filled solely using information contained in robust, primary data. This new method compares favorably with the marginal distribution sampling (MDS), when tested on twelve European-Flux datasets with four types of artificial gaps. Furthermore, we show that how random structures or noise embedded in the signal affect the gap-filling performance, which can simply be improved through a de-noising procedure by using a Fourier transform algorithm. The inpainting-based gap-filling approach is more effective than MDS on the de-noised data.
The Process of Validity and Reliability for Verbal Questioning Research in the Classroom
Authors: H. Iksan Zanaton , Saper Md Noor
Published: June 2016

In any research approach, data obtained should be reliable and authentic in order to make sure that the results are valid. In qualitative approach too, even though the process of data collection was carried out as outlined and discussed in detail by expert researchers in this area, the experiences of the researcher during the process were different and should be shared with other researchers. The objective of this study is to discuss on the process of obtaining validity and reliability in the process of conducting qualitative research about verbal questioning during the teaching and learning. The findings discuss on six types of process to ensure that validity and reliability is achieved, which are: triangulation, prolonged engagement, member checking, peer review, an audit trail and researcher's bias. This impact of this study inform that the several techniques for getting validity and reliability of the data collection are needed to ensure that the findings of research are reliable and authentic.
The Notion ‘Nature’ as Emerging from N Kazantzakis Works and School Books of Life Sciences: A Case Study
Authors: Maria Kalathaki
Published: June 2016

People struggled to explain the world around them and to build on the achievements of science and technology in order to improve the quality of life. The first questions raised for the properties and the beginnings of the external world, concerning all those perceived by human senses for the Nature. The ancient Greek spirit realized the Nature, organic or inorganic, as living, animated wholeness, as a universe. As Philosophy and Science developed, revealed the greatness of the creation of the world, cultivated the notion of the human superiority, with numerous cases of interpretation of the Nature based on the human creature. The concept of ‘Nature’ is intertwined with social choices and management practices. Environmental Ethics is education of values which allows the development of mechanisms that drive changes to attitudes and values, broaden and deepen the pedagogical dimension of theories of science and sociology. 

In this paper is studied the issue of ‘Nature’ in a didactic research, through the philosophical approach of values of Educational of the Sustainable Development. The notion of Nature has significantly replaced by the term of ‘Environment’ attributing ecological, economic, scientific, aesthetic, existential, spiritual value. The research in this case study, carried out in the literature, with N Kazantzakis works and school books of Biology and Environmental Sciences, in order to clarify terms linked to the scientific and philosophical concept of ‘Nature’ and the ‘nature’ of the things. The educational intervention is a negotiation between literature and issues of the environmental science. This research materialized in the stage of preparing a seminar for science teachers on the teaching issues of ‘Nature’ and ‘nature’ of the things. In order to prepare the trainees, in a peer learning activity of N Kazantzakis works, to extract those fragments are related to the term “Nature’ from their point of view, and at the end, they co-form a theatrical lectern where they read the excerpts, in a structural and theatric way.
Advancing Sustainable Income Accounting: An Australian Case Study
Authors: Abou Taleb Mona Samy Talaat
Published: June 2016

This paper is an exploration of the sustainability accounting literature to investigate the variety of accounting measurement instruments/tools/methodologies applied to achieve business sustainability and whether there is a real practical concern and application by companies toward the revenue side of sustainability, as well as, cost side. The research present a classification of different implemented sustainable accounting tools to measure corporate environmental and social costs due to the limitation of tools that implemented to measure corporate environmental and social revenues. Therefore, the paper adopts an Australian textile case study to investigate and analysis reality in practice. The outcome of the case study indicates that the companies may use the implemented sustainable accounting tools which are commonly applied to measure cost side of sustainability to measure, as well, revenue side, although the majority of the business sustainability literature focuses mainly on the cost side and how to measure it.
The Impact of IFRS 8 on Segment Disclosure Practice: Panel Evidence from Italy
Authors: Lucchese Manuela , Di Carlo Ferdinando
Published: June 2016

The study examines the effectiveness of  IFRS 8, effective since 2009, in relation to both the magnitude of segment disclosures and the firms' characteristics that might affect the disaggregated disclosure policies decisions, on Italian listed companies during the period 2008-2012.The results show that on average, the new standard did not lead to relevant changes in the segment disclosures as previously stated under IAS 14R, thus demonstrating inconsistency with the expectations of the IASB. In addition, we demonstrated, by employing a fixed-effect regression, that the magnitude of segment disclosure is negatively associated with growth rate, size, profitability and ownership diffusion.The present study contributes to the extant literature in terms of the PIR review, discussing the effectiveness of IFRS 8 some years after adoption, and not merely considering the first year, where the results may be affected by the learning curve effect in countries less familiar with Anglo-Saxon accounting.
How Can Students Improve Their Reading Comprehension Skill?
Authors: Pourhosein Gilakjani Abbas , Sabouri Narjes Banou
Published: June 2016

Reading is an interactive process in which readers construct a meaningful representation of a text using effective reading strategies. Effective reading strategies are considered as significant skills that have received the special focus on students’ reading comprehension proficiency. In this paper, the researchers define the term reading and reading comprehension, explain the types of reading, declare models of reading process, state theories of reading comprehension, review the effective strategies for reading comprehension, and finally mention findings of learners’ reading strategies and their reading comprehension proficiency. The review of literature indicates that reading strategies play a significant role in improving the students’ reading comprehension skill.
Biomarkører
Authors: Berg Jens P. , Kierulf Peter
Published: June 2016

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Arvelig hemokromatose - nytten av screening
Authors: Åsberg Arne
Published: June 2016

Arvelig hemokromatose fører til jernopphopning i kroppen, men gir sjelden alvorlig helseskade. Nesten alle hemokromatosepasienter i vårt land er homozygote for C282Y-mutasjonen i HFE-genet. Omtrent 7 per 1000 innbyggere har denne genotypen. Alvorlig syke blir bare omkring 5-15% av homozygote menn og nesten ingen kvinner. Likevel er det holdepunkter for at screening for hemokromatose blant friske, yngre menn kan være kostnadseffektivt. Det er relativt lett å påvise om en person er disponert for sykdommen, i god tid før den bryter ut, og forebyggende behandling er billig og effektiv. Imidlertid kan vi ikke forutsi hvilke screeningpositive personer som ubehandlet får alvorlig sykdom. Et kontrollert forsøk med screening bør gjennomføresHereditary hemochromatosis – benefits of screening. Hereditary hemochromatosis leads to iron accumulation in the body; however, serious illness due to hemochromatosis is rare. In Norway, almost all patients with hemochromatosis are homozygous for the C282Ymutation in the HFE-gene, a genotype carried by about 7 per 1000 inhabitants. Serious complications are seen in only about 5-15% of homozygous men and in very few women. Nevertheless, screening young men for hemochromatosis may be cost-effective. Detecting predisposed men is relatively straightforward, and prophylactic treatment is cheap and effective. However, we can not predict, among screen-positive men, the few who untreated will become seriously ill. A controlled screening trial should be conducted.
Biobank(ing): Tanker om praktiske retningslinjer ved innsamling av materialer til biomarkører
Authors: Kierulf Peter
Published: June 2016

Artikkelen gir forskere som skal i gang med innsamling av materialer til undersøkelser av biomarkører enkelte praktiske anvisninger med henvisning til litteratur som kan gi utdypende informasjonBiobank(ing): Thoughts on practical guidelines for collecting material for biomarkers. This paper suggests advices to researchers that are to start collection of biological samples to be used for biomarkers with particular reference to guidelines that may be of assistance
Biobanken i Den norske mor og barn undersøkelsen
Authors: Rønningen Kjersti S. , Paltid Liv , Meltzer Helle M. , Nordhagen Rannveig , Lie Kari K. , Hovengen Ragnhild , Haugen Margaretha , Nystad Wenche , Hoppin Jane A. , Magnus Per
Published: June 2016

Biobanker for langtidslagring av biologisk materiale blir en viktigere og viktigere del av epidemiologiske studier. I planleggingen av en biobank er det en rekke avgjørelser som må tas for å sikre best mulig oppslutning både med hensyn til å få inn så mange prøver som mulig og å oppnå best mulig prøvekvalitet både på kort og lang sikt. Den norske mor og barn undersøkelsen (MoBa) skal inkludere 100 000 svangerskap og følge mor, far og barn i lang tid fremover. Innsamlingen av data startet i ett fylke i 1999, og omfatter i dag hele landet. Siden det tas blodprøver to ganger fra hver kvinne, blodprøve fra far og navlesnorsblod frabarna, betydde dette at Biobanken for MoBa måtte planlegges for å kunne motta og langtidslagre over 380 000 prøvesett. Ved Biobanken ved Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt lagres fullblod, plasma, urin, DNA og spesialrør til senere RNA isolering. Rekruttering til MoBa foregår ved 52 av landets sykehus. Prøvene sendes per post til Biobanken ved Folkehelseinstituttet for prosessering. Per januar 2006 er over 200 000 prøvesett lagret ved Biobanken. Denne artikkelen gir en kortfattet oversikt over oppbyggingen av Biobanken og logistikken knyttet til innsamlingen av biologisk materiale, fra blodet tappes til det er sikkert lagret og klart til å tas ut på et senere tidspunkt, kanskje mange år inn i fremtiden.The biobank in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.Long term storage of biological material is becoming a critical component of many epidemiological studies. In designing specimen repositories, efforts need to be made to balance future needs for samples with logistical constraints necessary to process and store samples in a timely fashion. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study was started in 1999 and aims at including 100,000 pregnancies, and will follow mother, father and child for many years to come. The Biobank was faced with the challenge to receive and store over 380,000 biological samples from pregnant women, their partners and their children for up to 100 years. Biological specimens include whole blood, plasma, DNA and urine. The samples are collected at 52 hospitals in all parts of Norway and are mailed to the central Biobank in Oslo for processing and long term storage. As of January 2006, over 200,000 sample sets have been collected and stored at the Biobank. Here we describe the current Biobank structure and present the logistics for sample handling from the drawing of blood in the hospitals till retrieval of samples many years into the future.
Hvordan gjøre opp et klinisk materiale? Epidemiologiske metoder i pasientnær forskning
Authors: Farup Per G.
Published: June 2016

Bakgrunn. Korrekt forskningsdesign er avgjørende for forskningens kvalitet og må tilpasses forskningsspørsmålet.Bearbeiding av kliniske materialer er observasjonsstudier med epidemiologiske metoder, også kalt klinisk epidemiologi.Eksempler på klinisk epidemiologi. De vanligste epidemiologiske design er tverrsnittsstudier, pasientkontrollstudier og kohortstudier. Egne eksempler på pasientnær forskning med disse metodene presenteres, resultatene vurderes, og studienes sterke og svake sider relateres til design.Diskusjon. De forskjellige metoder kompletterer hverandre, det er ikke ett design som er egnet for alle problemstillinger. Selv om design er avgjørende for forskningskvaliteten, er god metode langt mer enn bare design i snever forstand og inkluderer alt fra planlegging til publikasjon. Gjennomføringen og generaliserbarheten er sammen med valg av design avgjørende for kvaliteten og anvendelsen av resultatene.Konklusjon. Kunnskap om design og metode er nødvendig for å bearbeide et klinisk materiale og for kritisk lesning av medisinsk litteratur.
Etiologisk versus prognostisk strategi i klinisk epidemiologisk forskning
Authors: Abdelnoor Mikael , Sandven Irene
Published: June 2016

Epidemiologisk forskning tar sikte på å beskrive helsetilstanden i en populasjon, årsak til sykdom, predikere og forebygge sykdom. Dette innebærer forskning med ulik strategisk tilnærming. Vi har to strategier, den forklarende og den pragmatiske. Begge strategier er fundamentale i klinisk forskning. Den forklarende strategi fokuserer på å forstå mekanismer i en sykelig prosess ved å peke på etiologiske eller kausale risikofaktorer. I denne strategi er det derfor assosiasjonen mellom eksponering (E) og endepunkt (D) som er hovedhypotesen. Alle andre variabler er bare interessante i den grad de påvirker denne assosiasjonen som en confounder eller effektmodifikator. Den pragmatiske strategi er orientert mot risikofaktorer som predikerer sykdom slik at profylaktiske forholdsregler kan tas. Ved denne strategi er hensikten å finne de variabler som predikerer endepunktet (D) og identifisere undergrupper av pasienter med høy risiko for et endepunkt. Begge strategier krever at våre resultater kan generaliseres. Dette innebærer at utvalgspopulasjonen må være godt definert og selektert i den forklarende strategi, og nær den kliniske virkelighet i den pragmatiske strategi. Begge strategier har forskjellig utforming i observasjonelle studier og eksperimentellklinisk forskning. Strategi er et viktig konsept i klinisk epidemiologisk forskning, fordi det har betydning for valg av utgangspopulasjon, analysemetoder og konklusjoner
Subjective health complaints in patients with chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). Relationships with physical, psychological, and collision associated factors
Authors: Ihlebæk Camilla , Ødegaard Arit , Vikne John , Eriksen Hege R. , Lærum Even
Published: June 2016

Aims: Investigate subjective health complaints (SHC) in chronic whiplash associated disorder (WAD, grade I & II) patients, and to identify physical, psychological, and collision associated factors that might be associated with high levels of comorbidity. Method: During the years 2000-2002 171 chronic WAD patients filled in questionnaires and underwent physical examination. The prevalence of SHC was recorded and compared with a representative sample of the Norwegian population (n=1014). Results: The chronic WAD patients reported higher number of subjective health complaints (median: 9) than the general population (median: 5). They showed significantly higher risk of reporting all musculoskeletal complaints, palpitation, heat flushes, sleep problems, tiredness, dizziness, anxiety, depression, breathing difficulties, chest pain, coughing, heartburn, gas discomfort, and obstipation. The patients with the highest level of comorbid subjective health complaints also reported more function loss, reading difficulties, poorer quality of life, higher psychological distress, higher use of medication, and less optimism about their situation. There were no differences however, in any collision factors or physical meassures recorded by physiotherapists between the high, medium and low comorbidity groups. Conclusion: The high comorbidity of other complaints, the strong relationships between degree of comorbidity and psychological factors, and the lack of relationships between degree of comorbidity and collision factors and physical tests, suggest that chronic WAD is best understood as a syndrome and not simply as a neck injury. Sensitization is suggested as a possible psychobiological mechanism
Different outcomes in subgroups of patients with long-term musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Skouen Jan Sture , Kvåle Alice
Published: June 2016

Former studies have questioned the effectiveness of multidisciplinary rehabilitation for working-age adults with musculoskeletal pain problems. The lack of analysis within subgroups may explain why an effect of treatment of long-term musculoskeletal pain was not documented in former studies. In this article three later studies on long-term musculoskeletal pain patients are presented. The challenge of these studies was to identify subgroups of patients who benefit from different types of treatments. This article present the main findings of a large RCT with up till 54 months of follow-up among 664 persons sicklisted for musculoskeletal pain. It was hypothesised that different categories of patients need different treatment programs in order to get back to work. Patients with different prognoses for return to work were identified by means of a screening instrument, and it was tested whether those with poor prognosis need more extensive multidisciplinary treatment, compared to patients with less psychosocial and physical problems. Also, the effect of different treatment programs among patients with different diagnoses (ICD-9, low back pain and chronic widespread pain) and among men and women was examined. The results of the three studies support the authors’ hypothesis that different categories of patients need different treatment programs. A higher percentage of return to work was demonstrated when the right treatment was given to the right patient, and considerable cost effectiveness was demonstrated
Yield response of winter wheat cultivars to environments modeled by different variance-covariance structures in linear mixed models
Authors: Studnicki Marcin , Mądry Wiesław , Noras Kinga , Wójcik-Gront Elżbieta , Gacek Edward
Published: June 2016

The main objectives of multi-environmental trials (METs) are to assess cultivar adaptation patterns under different environmental conditions and to investigate genotype by environment (G×E) interactions. Linear mixed models (LMMs) with more complex variance-covariance structures have become recognized and widely used for analyzing METs data. Best practice in METs analysis is to carry out a comparison of competing models with different variance-covariance structures. Improperly chosen variance-covariance structures may lead to biased estimation of means resulting in incorrect conclusions. In this work we focused on adaptive response of cultivars on the environments modeled by the LMMs with different variance-covariance structures. We identified possible limitations of inference when using an inadequate variance-covariance structure. In the presented study we used the dataset on grain yield for 63 winter wheat cultivars, evaluated across 18 locations, during three growing seasons (2008/2009-2010/2011) from the Polish Post-registration Variety Testing System. For the evaluation of variance-covariance structures and the description of cultivars adaptation to environments, we calculated adjusted means for the combination of cultivar and location in models with different variance-covariance structures. We concluded that in order to fully describe cultivars adaptive patterns modelers should use the unrestricted variance-covariance structure. The restricted compound symmetry structure may interfere with proper interpretation of cultivars adaptive patterns. We found, that the factor-analytic structure is also a good tool to describe cultivars reaction on environments, and it can be successfully used in METs data after determining the optimal component number for each dataset.
Subchondral haematoma
Authors: Austin Steve , Back Diane , Wharton Rupert
Published: June 2016

Haemophilic arthropathy is a complex multifactorial disorder that poses significant challenges to both the treating haematologist and arthroplasty surgeon. Its pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Recent literature has concentrated on the toxic effects of iron and the characteristic inflammatory synovitis. Discussion of the role of subchondral bleeding in joint damage has been neglected. A case of haemophilic arthropathy with extensive evidence of subchondral bleeding and related osteochondral destruction is presented. Result: The relevance of this mechanical pathway in the future management of haemophilic arthropathy is discussed with reference to recent literature. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider its importance when deciding whether to manage patients expectantly or with prophylactic factor replacement.
Identify and Ranking the Factors Affecting Recruitment and Retention of Corporate Customers within Banking System
Authors: Esmaeilpour Majid , Azargoon Hadis
Published: June 2016

Customers are considered as key factor in banks’ activities. Recruitment and retention of corporate customers pave the way for continuous growth and development of banks. Hence, today recruitment and retention of corporate customers pave the way to realize all aims, strategies and resources at successful banks. This will not be possible without examination of customers’ demands and awareness from factors affecting recruitment and retention of corporate customers. The present paper considers this point which factors affect recruitment and retention of corporate customers in banking system and how is the priority given to these factors? The present paper is an applied research type, for which a descriptive survey has been used for data collection. The statistical population consists of corporate customers at branches of Bank Melli-city of Bushehr selected using simple random sampling method. The questionnaire has been used as data collection instrument, that the validity and reliability of it has been confirmed. Using exploratory factor analysis, eight factors have been recognized as factors affecting recruitment and retention of corporate customers. The results of this study indicated that reputation and security are the most important factors affecting recruitment and retention of corporate customers, yet diversity at banking services is the least important factor affecting recruitment and retention of corporate customers.
The Determinants of Financial Participation Impact on Firm Performance: A Meta-Regression Approach
Authors: Aissa Olfa
Published: June 2016

Financial participation has emerged as a convenient way to converge employees’ interest with that’s of shareholders; it is then presumed to contribute to firm performance. To investigate the determinants of this incentive pay, a meta-regression analysis was conducted. Findings suggest that the relationship between employees’ financial participation and firm performance is influenced by three types of moderating factors related to structural, managerial and organizational characteristics.
A Robustness Check on Debt and the Pecking Order Hypothesis with Asymmetric Information
Authors: Chang George
Published: June 2016

Daniel and Titman (1995) examined the incentives of firms to signal their values prior to making a new equity offering. By analyzing this issue within a simple framework that encompasses a number of models in the literature, they were able to judge the relative efficiency of various signals that have been proposed. Although their analyses offer valuable insights, the robustness of their model has yet to be checked. This paper examines the parametric assumptions of their model in the section on debt and the pecking order hypothesis. We first generalize the assumptions in the example by Daniel and Titman (1995) to allow for continuous-state of nature. We then derive the resulting closed-form solution for the equilibrium payoffs to the original shareholders of both types firms under different beliefs. Although we only examine the robustness of a particular setting, our methodology can be applied to other settings.
A Review of the Relationship between Ownership Structure and Economic Performance Criteria in Companies Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange
Authors: Yaghoobi Ali , Khansalar Ehsan
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between ownership structure and economic performance criteria of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. This study is a descriptive- applied research that reviews the cross-sectional data relating to 114 listed companies between 1387-1393. Multivariate regression is used to analyze the effect of each of these factors on economic performance.
The results show that from three applied independent variables in the regression model, there is a significant relationship in a 95% confidence level between Institutional ownership and property management and economic value added and modified economic value added but there is not any relationship between ownership concentration variable and economic performance criteria. The obtained determination coefficient for the above relationship shows that the independent variables explain only part of the economic performance, and investors need to consider other factors as well to evaluate the economic performance of the company.
‘The Power of Michael Protected Him’: A New Fragment of the Coptic Martyrdom of Apa Nahroou
Authors: Lundhaug Hugo
Published: June 2016

This article describes item C47704, a fragment of a Coptic parchment codex, which can be identified as White Monastery Codex ET, containing a hitherto unattested part of the Martyrdom of Apa Nahroou. It is argued that the codex was probably manufactured at the Touton scriptorium in the Fayum in the tenth century and used by the monks at the White Monastery in Upper Egypt. The preserved fragment is a part of the narration of the torture of Apa Nahroou at the hands of emperor Diocletian, and seems to fit in as the first of the series of presently identified leaves of Codex ET containing this text. The present fragment attests to a typical Coptic Martyrdom account, and to the prominence of Michael the Archangel in the Coptic literary tradition. The article includes an edition of the Coptic text of the fragment with an English translation.
O professor como mediador nas aulas de argumentação
Authors: Spencer Louise Cervo
Published: June 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever uma prática de ensino desenvolvida durante o período de Estágio Supervisionado no Ensino Médio, realizado numa turma de terceiro ano do Colégio Estadual Coronel Pilar, da cidade de Santa Maria-RS, no ano de 2013. Procura, também, refletir aspectos acerca da posição do docente em sala de aula, como mediador do conhecimento nas aulas de argumentação oral, para que possa, posteriormente, realizar o desenvolvimento de atividades sobre argumentação escrita. Para pensar tais aspectos, este artigo traz como base teórica, em especial, o interacionismo social de Lev Semenovitch Vygotsky (1998a;1998b), o qual teorizou sobre a mediação do homem com o mundo, entre outros tantos conceitos, o processo de internalização, isto é, o processo pelo qual o sujeito passa a reelaborar opiniões alheias e a transformar as “palavras dos outros” em “pessoais”, conceito este imprescindível nas aulas de argumentação.
Representações em discursos de paraninfos sobre a profissão de professor nos cursos de ciências contábeis e fisioterapia
Authors: Cargnin Elisane Scapin , Farencena Gessélda Somavilla , Fuzer Cristiane
Published: June 2016

Este trabalho tem o propósito de analisar a linguagem usada para manifestar representações sobre o professor e a sua profissão em discursos de paraninfos para solenidades de formatura. Foram usados pressupostos teóricos da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional de Halliday Matthiessen (2004) para análise das escolhas léxico-gramaticais em articulação com as formas de representação dos atores sociais no nível sociossemântico propostas por van Leeuwen (1997). Constataram-se diferentes representações sobre a profissão de professor em dois contextos específicos. No discurso da paraninfa do curso de Fisioterapia, o professor, na função de agente em orações materiais, mentais e relacionais, é representado principalmente com a missão de entusiasmar os alunos para o ofício da fisioterapia e aconselhá-los a amarem a profissão. No discurso do paraninfo das Ciências Contábeis, o professor, na função de agente em orações relacionais e mentais, é representado como detentor e transmissor de conhecimento e como amigo e conselheiro dos alunos.
Do sagrado ao profano: representações visuais para a mulher na capa do livro Doidas e Santas, de Martha Medeiros
Authors: Lima Letícia Oliveira de , Bochett Amanda Canterle , Rossi Angela Maria , Rodrigues Daniela Leite
Published: June 2016

Tendo em vista os pressupostos teóricos da Gramática do Design Visual de Kress e van Leeuwen (2006) e as noções sistemáticas da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional de Halliday e Matthiessen (2004), este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, a partir das funções de representação e de interação visual, a linguagem não verbal usada para manifestar representações para a mulher, na capa do livro “Doidas e santas”, de Martha Medeiros. O primeiro passo da análise consiste na identificação dos participantes representados na imagem. O segundo passo busca analisar os significados representacionais. O terceiro passo, por sua vez, consiste na análise dos significados interacionais entre o participante representado e o espectador. O último passo busca verificar as representações manifestadas visualmente para a mulher partindo da interpretação dos resultados obtidos. A análise da linguagem visual evidenciou, quanto aos significados representacionais, que a imagem configura-se como uma estrutura conceitual complexa, e, quanto aos significados interativos, caracteriza-se como demanda.
Identification and Characterization of Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Potential for Cellular Therapy
Authors: Darzi Saeedeh , Werkmeister Jerome A. , Deane James A. , Gargett Caroline E.
Published: June 2016

Human endometrium is a highly regenerative tissue, undergoing more than 400 cycles of proliferation, differentiation, and shedding during a woman' reproductive life. Adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), are likely responsible for the immense cellular turnover in human endometrium. The unique properties of MSCs, including high proliferative ability, self-renewal, differentiation to mesodermal lineages, secretion of angiogenic factors, and many other growth-promoting factors make them useful candidates for cellular therapy and tissue engineering. In this review, we summarize the identification and characterization of newly discovered MSCs from the human endometrium: their properties, the surface markers used for their prospective isolation, their perivascular location in the endometrium, and their potential application in cellular therapies.

Significance

The endometrium, or the lining of uterus, has recently been identified as a new and accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells, which can be obtained without anesthesia. Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells have comparable properties to bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells. Endometrial mesenchymal stem cells are purified with known and novel perivascular surface markers and are currently under investigation for their potential use in cellular therapy for several clinical conditions with significant burden of disease.
Early Intravenous Delivery of Human Brain Stromal Cells Modulates Systemic Inflammation and Leads to Vasoprotection in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Badner Anna , Vawda Reaz , Laliberte Alex , Hong James , Mikhail Mirriam , Jose Alejandro , Dragas Rachel , Fehlings Michael
Published: June 2016

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening condition with multifaceted complications and limited treatment options. In SCI, the initial physical trauma is closely followed by a series of secondary events, including inflammation and blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption, which further exacerbate injury. This secondary pathology is partially mediated by the systemic immune response to trauma, in which cytokine production leads to the recruitment/activation of inflammatory cells. Because early intravenous delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been shown to mitigate inflammation in various models of neurologic disease, this study aimed to assess these effects in a rat model of SCI (C7-T1, 35-gram clip compression) using human brain-derived stromal cells. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for a human-specific DNA sequence was used to assess cell biodistribution/clearance and confirmed that only a small proportion (approximately 0.001%–0.002%) of cells are delivered to the spinal cord, with the majority residing in the lung, liver, and spleen. Intriguingly, although cell populations drastically declined in all aforementioned organs, there remained a persistent population in the spleen at 7 days. Furthermore, the cell infusion significantly increased splenic and circulating levels of interleukin-10—a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. Through this suppression of the systemic inflammatory response, the cells also reduced acute spinal cord BSCB permeability, hemorrhage, and lesion volume. These early effects further translated into enhanced functional recovery and tissue sparing 10 weeks after SCI. This work demonstrates an exciting therapeutic approach whereby a minimally invasive cell-transplantation procedure can effectively reduce secondary damage after SCI through systemic immunomodulation.

Significance

Central nervous system pericytes (perivascular stromal cells) have recently gained significant attention within the scientific community. In addition to being recognized as major players in neurotrauma, pericytes have been discovered to share a common origin and potentially function with traditionally defined mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Although there have been several in vitro comparisons, the in vivo therapeutic application of human brain-derived stromal cells has not been previously evaluated. This study demonstrates that these cells not only display a MSC phenotype in vitro but also have similar in vivo immunomodulatory effects after spinal cord injury that are more potent than those of non-central nervous system tissue-derived cells. Therefore, these cells are of great interest for therapeutic use in spinal cord injury.
Concise Review: Stem Cell Interventions for People With Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Novak Iona , Walker Karen , Hunt Rod W. , Wallace Euan M. , Fahey Michael , Badawi Nadia
Published: June 2016

Evidence for stem cells as a potential intervention for cerebral palsy is emerging. Our objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of stem cells for improving motor and cognitive function of people with cerebral palsy. Searches were conducted in October 2015 in CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Libraries. Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials of stem cells for cerebral palsy were included. Two authors independently decided upon included trials, extracted data, quality, and risk of bias. The primary outcome was gross motor function. Secondary outcomes were cognitive function and adverse events (AEs). Effects were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a random-effects model. Five trials comprising 328 participants met inclusion criteria. Four cell types were studied: olfactory ensheathing, neural, neural progenitors, and allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCBs). Transplantation procedures differed from central nervous system neurosurgical transplantation to intravenous/arterial infusion. Participants were followed short-term for only 6 months. Evidence of variable quality indicated a small statistically significant intervention effect from stem cells on gross motor skills (SMD 1.27; 95% CI 0.22, 2.33), with UCBs most effective. There were insufficient and heterogeneous data to compare cognitive effects. Serious AEs were rare (n = 4/135 [3%] stem cells; n = 3/139 [2%] controls). Stem cells appeared to induce short-term improvements in motor skills. Different types of stem cell interventions were compared, meaning the data were heterogeneous and are a study limitation. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted, using rigorous methodologies.

Significance

Stem cells are emerging as a scientifically plausible treatment and possible cure for cerebral palsy, but are not yet proven. The lack of valid animal models has significantly hampered the scope of clinical trials. Despite the state of current treatment evidence, parents remain optimistic about the potential improvements from stem cell intervention and feel compelled to exhaust all therapeutic options, including stem cell tourism. Receiving unproven therapies from unvalidated sources is potentially dangerous. Thus it is essential that researchers and clinicians stay up to date. A systematic review and meta-analysis summarizing and aggregating current research data may provide more conclusive evidence to inform treatment decision making and help direct future research.
Le redéploiement spatial de la production : une voie de relance de l’artisanat traditionnel au Maroc ?
Authors: Ouazzani Touhami Naoual , Ferguene Améziane , Jaidi Larbi
Published: June 2016

Cet article traite de l’évolution de l’artisanat de Fès, des difficultés auxquelles cet artisanat est confronté depuis plusieurs décennies et des conditions requises pour sa redynamisation. À l’évidence, pour retrouver son rayonnement d’antan, l’artisanat traditionnel doit opter pour l’innovation comme moyen privilégié de création de valeur, ainsi que pour un nouveau mode d’organisation de sa production. La politique de transfert des ateliers de la vieille ville vers de nouvelles « zones d’activités artisanales », créées hors médina, est-elle une voie appropriée pour une telle redynamisation ? En d’autres termes, ce redéploiement spatial des activités fournit-il aux artisans l’occasion d’évoluer vers des formes de travail et d’organisation plus efficaces et plus compétitives ? Telle est la problématique centrale qu’aborde ce texte.
LA DETERMINACIÓN MULTIDIMENSIONAL DEL DESEMPEÑO EMPRESARIAL SOSTENIBLE
Authors: Galán Rivas Vilnia Elena , Morales Pérez Milagros
Published: June 2016

Resumen. En la medida en que el entorno empresarial se ha modificado el desempeño de las entidades ha cobrado diversos matices, exigiendo un enfoque diferente. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la determinación multidimensional del Desempeño Empresarial Sostenible. El análisis crítico de la bibliografía especializada centró la atención en los objetivos que persiguen cada propuesta, las dimensiones y los indicadores que se evalúan. Se demuestra: que las propuestas analizadas son, mayoritariamente, unilaterales y excluyentes, con un sesgo a favor del aspecto económico-financiero y la supresión preceptiva de la dimensión medioambiental y social; la necesidad del enfoque multidimensional del desempeño empresarial sostenible para lograr un análisis más integral de la relación de la empresa con su entorno; que sus cuatro dimensiones (ambiental, económico–tecnológica, legal y social), representan sus determinaciones cualitativas, que posibilitan un enfoque multilateral y permiten identificar las determinaciones cuantitativas para su medición y evaluación..
 
Palabras clave: desempeño empresarial sostenible, determinación multidimensional.
 
Abstract. Since the business environment has modified the performance of the entities it has charged diverse nuances, demanding a different focus. The present article has as objective to analyze the multidimensional determination of the Sustainable Business Performance. The critical analysis of the specialized bibliography centered the attention in the objectives that pursue each proposal, the dimensions and the indicators that are evaluated. It is demonstrated: that the analyzed proposals are, for the most part, unilateral and excluding, with a bias in favor of the economic-financial aspect and the mandatory suppression of the environmental and social dimension; the necessity of the multidimensional focus of the sustainable business performance to achieve a more integral analysis of the relationship of the company with their environment; that its four dimensions (environmental, economic -technological, legal, and social), represent their qualitative determinations that facilitate a multilateral focus and they allow to identify the quantitative determinations for their measuring and evaluation.
 
Key words: sustainable business performance, multidimensional determination.
Origin of additional broad peaks in Raman spectra from thin germanium-rich silicon–germanium films
Authors: Takeuchi Kazuma , Kosemura Daisuke , Yokogawa Ryo , Usuda Koji , Ogura Atsushi
Published: June 2016

Additional broad peaks in Raman spectra from thin Ge-rich SiGe films were examined in detail. The broad peak on the low-wavenumber side of first-order optical phonon was also present for pure Ge, which indicates that the localized mode is not the reason for the broad peaks. Furthermore, other factors, e.g., strain, defect, phonon confinement effect, Fano effect, and fluorescence from oil, were excluded from the origin of the broad peaks. We assigned the broad peaks to surface optical phonon modes. The dependence of this surface mode on Ge concentration in Ge-rich SiGe was also investigated and the behavior was discussed.
Resonant frequency analysis of a Lamé-mode resonator on a quartz plate by the finite-difference time-domain method using the staggered grid with the collocated grid points of velocities
Authors: Yasui Takashi , Hasegawa Koji , Hirayama Koichi
Published: June 2016

The finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method using a staggered grid with the collocated grid points of velocities (SGCV) was formulated for elastic waves propagating in anisotropic solids and for a rectangular SGCV. Resonant frequency analysis of Lamé-mode resonators on a quartz plate was carried out to confirm the accuracy and validity of the proposed method. The resonant frequencies for the fundamental and higher-order Lamé-modes calculated by the proposed method agreed very well with their theoretical values.
Discussion about generation mechanisms of third-order nonlinear signals in surface acoustic wave resonators based on simulation
Authors: Nakagawa Ryo , Suzuki Takanao , Shimizu Hiroshi , Kyoya Haruki , Nako Katsuhiro , Hashimoto Ken-ya
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we discuss the generation mechanisms of third-order nonlinearity in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices on the basis of simulation results, which are obtained by a proposed method for this discussion. First, eight nonlinear terms are introduced to the piezoelectric constitutive equations, and nonlinear stress and electric flux fields are estimated using linear strain and electric fields calculated by a linear analysis, i.e., the coupling of mode simulation. Then, their contributions are embedded as voltage and current sources, respectively, in an equivalent circuit model, and nonlinear signals appearing at external ports are estimated. It is shown that eight coefficients of the nonlinear terms can be determined from a series of experiments carried out at various driving and resulting frequencies. This is because the effect of each nonlinear term on the nonlinear signal outputs changes markedly with the conditions. When the coefficients are determined properly, the simulations agree well with some measurement results under various conditions.
HDlive Silhouette Mode With Spatiotemporal Image Correlation for Assessment of the Fetal Heart
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , AboEllail Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa , Sajapala Suraphan , Ishimura Mari , Masaoka Hiroshi
Published: June 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this article is to present our experience with normal and abnormal fetal cardiac structures reconstructed in the HDlive silhouette mode (GE Healthcare Japan, Tokyo, Japan) with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC).

Methods

Twenty‐two fetuses with normal hearts and 1 fetus with a congenital heart anomaly (Ebstein anomaly) at 20 to 36 weeks' gestation were studied in the HDlive silhouette mode with STIC.

Results

In normal fetal hearts, 4 cardiac chambers and crisscross arrangements of the pulmonary artery and aorta were clearly identified. This modality facilitated visualization of the relationships and course of the outflow and inflow tracts, thus helping the operators more effectively understand the spatial relationships among the cardiac chambers and vessels. The opening and closing of mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and aortic valves were ascertained in the en face view of both atrioventricular valves and great vessels. In the fetus with Ebstein anomaly, a low attachment of the tricuspid valve and an enlarged right atrium were evident.

Conclusions

The HDlive silhouette mode with STIC provides new visual experiences for physicians, owing to the anatomically clear depiction of fetal cardiac structures, and it may be an easier way to depict the spatial relationships among fetal cardiac chambers, great arteries, and veins.