bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New conception of combined drugs administration in therapy of bronchial asthma. The CONCEPT trial
Authors: Tsoy A. N. , Arkhipov V. V.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the improvement in therapy of bronchial asthma, namely to achievement and maintenance of the control of the disease using combined drugs containing inhaled steroids and long-acting β2-agonists. We used data of multi-center, randomised, double-blind, double-masking 1-year trial CONCEPT. We demonstrated advantages of therapy with fixed-dosed Seretid (fluticasone propionate / salmeterol) compared to flexible dosed Simbicort (budesonide / formoterol). As a result of this trial, the fixed-dosed Seretid was shown to provide more symptom-free days (medians, 73.8 % and 64.9 %, respectively, p = 0.03); days without emergency drug needed (94.5 % and 90.7 %, respectively, p = 0.008); better morning peak expiratory flow rate (the corrected mean, 9.5 L / min; 95%CI, 2.7–16.3, p = 0.006), approximately two-fold decrease in moderate to severe acute exacerbation rate compared to the flexible dosing of Simbicort (the corrected exacerbation rate per year, 0.18 and 0.33, p = 0.008). The total length of therapy with systemic steroids at the Seretid group was 46 % less than that at the Simbicort group (301 and 559 days, respectively, р = 0.026).
Symbicort in steroid-dependent asthma: reduction of oral steroids requirements
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Etteeva Z. S. , Voznesensky N. A. , Mesheriakova N. N. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: June 2021

Objective: to study the ability of inhaled Symbicort to reduce daily oral steroids (OS) requirements in patients with severe steroid-dependent asthma. Methods: 16 patients with severe steroid-dependent asthma were included into the study (5 males, 11 females, mean age 53 ± 8 years, mean dose of OS 10.9 ± 5.2 mg / day, mean OS treatment duration 9.3 ± 4.1 years, mean FEV1 59.3 ± 15.1%). All patients received Symbicort administered by means of a multidose poder inhaler 4.5 / 160 mkg 2 inhalations twice daily, every 2 weeks patients underwent controlled OS reduction on the basis of predetermined asthma stability criteria. Results: OS was eliminated or reduced in 14 patients (87.5 %), the OS dose was reduced to 3.3 ± 6.8 mg / day (р < 0.001). At the end of 12 weeks of Symbicort therapy FEV1 and FVC increased by 18.6 % and 8.9 %, respectively. Daytime and nighttime asthma symptom severity scores improved in average by 1 point (р < 0.001). The number of inhalations of short-acting β2-agonists reduced from 3.4 ± 1.7 to 1.5 ± 1.3 puffs / day (р < 0.001). Statistically and clinically significant improvements were seen in all 4 domains of quality of life scores (AQLQ) (р < 0.001). The level of NOex reduced significantly form 18.6 ± 11.4 ppb at baseline to 7.9 ± 2.8 ppb after 12 weeks (р = 0.001). The side effects of OS were reduced to the end of study. Conclusion: in patients with severe steroid-dependent asthma therapy with Symbicort allows to eliminate or reduce OS therapy with improved lung function, improved daytime and nighttime asthma symptoms, improved asthma-specific quality of life, reduction of short-acting β2-agonists use and reduction of side effects of OS.
Fluimucil and recent clinical practice
Authors: Chikina S. Yu.
Published: June 2021

Обзор формально посвящен одному из наиболее "старых" лекарственных средств – ацетилцистеину. Действительно, его клиническое применение охватывает более чем 30-летний период, в котором можно выделить несколько этапов в изучении механизмов его фармакологической активности. Особое внимание к нему было проявлено в связи с поиском антидотов при радиационном воздействии. Ацетилцистеин вошел в список жизненно необходимых лекарственных средств при радиационном поражении человека. Одним из важных этапов в исследовании его механизмов стало применение в области респираторной медицины. Так, исходно ацетилцистеин был предложен как секретолитик, регулирующий образование муцина и стимулирующий его транспорт по дыхательным путям. В последующем была открыта его способность снижать повреждение клеточных структур свободными радикалами. Дисбаланс в системе оксиданты–антиоксиданты играет ведущую патогенетическую роль при таких заболеваниях, как хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ), респираторный дистресс-синдром и некоторых других. Необходимо подчеркнуть, что ацетилцистеин с успехом применяется при инфекционных заболеваниях как верхних, так и нижних отделов дыхательных путей. Значительный прогресс был достигнут и при таких прогностически неблагоприятных заболеваниях, какими является разнообразная группа интерстициальных заболеваний легких. Современный этап клинического применения охватил такие области как кардиология, диабетология, химиотерапия, трансплантация органов и тканей, токсикология и некоторые другие. Читатель найдет в обзоре С.Ю.Чикиной новую информацию, которая позволит прийти к выводу о том, что ацетилцистеин, начиная с 70-х гг. прошлого столетия, всегда остается современным лекарственным средством. Академик РАМН профессор А.Г.Чучалин
A case of primary solitary plasmocytoma of trachea
Authors: Ovchinnikov A. A. , Seredin R. V. , Seredin V. P.
Published: June 2021

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Economic rationality of allergen-specific immunotherapy
Authors: Gushchin I. S. , Kurbacheva O. M. , Pavlova K. S.
Published: June 2021

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Achieving control of steroid-dependent asthma with fluticasone propionate or salmeterol / fluticasone propionate: result of the Russian multicentre study GROZA
Authors: Fassakhov R. S. , Reshetnikova I. D. , Ilyina N. I. , Petrovsky F. I. , Ogorodova L. M. , Trofimov V. I. , Chernyak B. A. , Zhestkov A. V. , Smirnov N. A. , Gorshunova N. A.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to assess efficacy and safety of 24-month treatment with Seretide (salmeterol / fluticasone propionate, 100 / 1 000 mcg daily) or Flixotide (fluticasone propionate, 1 000 mcg daily) in 105 steroid-dependent asthma patients aged 18 to 60 yrs who had received oral steroids for at least 6 months but not longer than 10 years. Methods. The study was comparative, randomized, multicentre, open in parallel groups (15 visits with 2-week intervals). Reduction of oral steroid doses started at the 3-rd visit. Results. In spite of the continual treatment with oral steroids patients did not reach asthma control. After 6-month therapy with fluticasone propionate or salmeterol / fluticasone propionate the maintaining dose of prednisolone was 6 times lower in comparison with baseline. Moreover, oral steroids were abolished in each second patient receiving Seretide and each third patient receiving Flixotide. The asthma control and quality of life significantly increased. Conclusion. The therapy with fluticasone propionate or salmeterol / fluticasone propionate allows to reduce doses of oral steroids and to cease oral steroids in most causes. Moreover, the patients can maintain good asthma control.
Lev M.Klyachkin as a prominent clinician, scientist, teacher
Authors: Schegolkov A. M.
Published: June 2021

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Prognosis of development of future vaccine generations for prevention and therapy of infectious and non-infectious diseases
Authors: Vorobyev A. A. , Egorova N. B. , Zakharova N. S. , Kurbatova E. A. , Semenov B. F. , Gintsburg A. L. , Naroditsky B. S. , Semenova I. B. , Zverev V. V. , Kiselevsky M. V.
Published: June 2021

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New bronchoscopic technologies
Authors: Chernekhovskaya N. E.
Published: June 2021

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New technologies and progress of imaging of diffuse interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Kotlyarov P. M. , Georgiadi S. G.
Published: June 2021

This paper is aimed to study abilities of new imaging methods for differentiating diffuse interstitial lung diseases. We analyzed radiological and CT findings of 301 patients with various diffuse lung pathologies. The investigation was performed as a slice spiral scanning and multi-plane spatial reconstruction modes. We modified a respiratory test for those patients who find difficulty in holding their breathing. To assess an informative value of a sign we evaluated its sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and predictive positive and negative tests. The article presents HRCT findings in various idiopathic interstitial lung diseases and differential criteria to distinguish those from other forms of diffuse lung diseases.
Efficacy of nucleotide biocorrector derived from baking yeast of the Saccharomyces cerevis genus in patients with lung tuberculosis
Authors: Orlova E. V. , Orlova V. S. , Gergert V. Ya.
Published: June 2021

There is information on efficacy of immunostimulating agents as a part of therapy of lung tuberculosis. Nucleotide biocorrector is a mixture of nucleotides and nucleosides derived from baking yeast of the Saccharomyces cerevis genus and presenting wide immunomodulating properties. The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy of this agent along with combined chemotherapy in 52 patients with destructive lung tuberculosis. Of them, 27 patients were treated with nucleotide biocorrector (3 g per day orally during 1 month) and conventional chemotherapeutic medication (the study group) and 25 patients (the control group) received equal chemotherapy alone. All the patients were MBT-positive. Immunological examination (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, СD16+, and CD20+ lymphocytes and their functional activity, anti-MBT-antibodies) was done before and 1 month after starting the treatment; clinical, radiological and laboratory investigations were performed at the same time and additionally in 3 month. Addition of biocorrector to the standard chemotherapy of lung tuberculosis allowed faster normalization of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, enhanced functional activity of T-cell immunity and increased number of CD20+ B-lymphocytes. Moreover, this therapy has facilitated resolution of lung infiltration, eradication of MBT and recovery of tuberculous cavities by the 3rd month of the treatment. Tolerability of biocorrector was good.
Effect of compliance to basic therapy on rate of exacerbations in patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: Polevaya O. A. , Karabinenko A. A. , Knyazheskaya N. P.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of compliance to basic therapy for asthma on rate of exacerbations. The asthma patients were interviewed with a specialized questionnaire before and after their studying at asthma-school. The authors revealed that only 12.7 % of the patients were fully compliant with a physician's recommendations on basic therapy and 23.1 % were not before studying; after that the proportion was 69.6 % and 0.7 %, respectively. Before attending the asthma-school, 61.8 % of the patients had 2 or more admissions to a hospital for a year, this number reduced to 4.4 % after school. Therefore, the results highlight a direct relationship between compliance to the basic therapy for asthma and the rate of hospitalizations. This allows significant reduction in hospital admission due to thorough keeping to the physician's recommendations on basic therapy for asthma.
Pathological anatomy of pneumoconiosis
Authors: Loshchilov Yu. A.
Published: June 2021

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Lung injury after combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to lymphoma
Authors: Sorokina E. A. , Chernyaev A. L. , Zakharov O. D. , Samsonova M. V.
Published: June 2021

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Tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in a large industrial center
Authors: Borodulin B. E. , Borodulina E. A. , Kulikova I. I. , Kourbatova E. V. , Marchenko G. R. , Kalinkin A. V.
Published: June 2021

Features of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected patients were studied in a large industrial center. Data from outpatient and inpatient medical charts and yearly TB reports in Samara during 2004-2005 have been analyzed. During the study period tuberculosis was diagnosed in 199 HIV-infected patients in Samara. Morbidity for tuberculosis among the HIV-infected patients was 1438.3 per 100,000 of HIV-infected persons compared to that of 61.2 per 100,000 of total population in Samara. Clinical TB types in HIV-infected patients were the following: infiltrative TB in 124 patients (62.3 %), disseminated TB in 6 patients (3 %), caseating pneumonia in 7 patients (3.5 %), focal TB in 8 patients (4 %), pleural TB in 10 patients (5 %), tuberculoma in 7 patients (3.5 %), fibrocavitary TB in 25 patients (12.6 %), and other forms in 12 patients (6.1 %). Majority of patients were males (M/F 6.5/1). The average age was 27 years ranged from 18 to 58 yrs. AFB smear or culturing for M. tuberculosis was positive in 161 patients (80.9 %), 90 patients (45.2 %) had positive AFB smear. Thirty eight patients (19.1 %) were negative for M. tuberculosis. Therefore, the morbidity for tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients was 23 times higher than that in the whole population of the region. Infiltrative tuberculosis with lung tissue destruction was the most common. M. tuberculosis was found in 80.9 % of the patients. HIV-infected patients with TB represent epidemiological risk for other population. Further increase in TB and HIV co-infections could be expected.
Mathematical model of early dysfunction of cardiorespiratory system in early-stage COPD
Authors: Gnoevykh V. V.
Published: June 2021

Two hundred and ninety seven young medical students were divided in the study group (93 smokers) and the control group (204 non-smokers). Depending on smoking history and risk factors of COPD (GOLD, 2005), the smokers were divided into the risk-positive (32 % of the smokers) and risk-negative (68 % of the smokers) subgroups. Spirometry parameters, blood oxygenation and desaturation during a voluntary hold of breathing at the full inspiration were analyzed. As a result of mathematical modeling, we have proposed the respiratory gas index (RGI) that is an integral index of early cardiorespiratory dysfunction at the early-stage COPD. The lowest RGI was in the study group especially in smokers with risk factors of COPD.
Bronchial asthma in Krasnoyarsk: different methods for evaluation of control
Authors: Demko I. V. , Gordeeva N. V. , Petrova M. M. , Artyuhov I. P.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research was to evaluate asthma control in Krasnoyarsk patients using E.Bateman's criteria, GOAL and ACTTM . We examined 480 patients (both genders; 18 to 70 years old) with asthma of different severity. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the 1st group (n = 1250) was examined by primary care practitioners using the ACT™ alone and received different basic medications, the 2nd group patients (n = 230) had been taught at asthma-schools; they were treated with fixed combination of fluticasone and salmeterol (Seretide) and were tested with E. Bateman's criteria, GOAL and ACTTM . According to the ACTTM , 16 % of the 1st group patients had asthma controlled and 86 % had < 19 points. In the 2nd group, asthma control was achieved in 87 % of the patients. When compared ACT TM with E.Bateman's criteria and GOAL, results were equal. Basic therapy adequate to asthma severity, regular follow-up, continuous education of patients allowed achievement of asthma control. The ACT TM use led to objective results with similar interpretation in various patients which allows assessing asthma control and efficacy of treatment.
Symbicort (budesonide / formoterol) as a single inhaler for maintenance and reliever therapy of asthma
Authors: Chuchalin A. G. , Tsoy A. N. , Arkhipov V. V.
Published: June 2021

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Morbidity and prevalence of asthma in rural and urban adult inhabitants of Dagestan Republic
Authors: Gadzhieva T. A.
Published: June 2021

The paper contains analysis of morbidity and prevalence of asthma in adult inhabitants of urban and rural regions of Dagestan Republic in 1995 to 2004. The analysis allowed identification of the most ecologically unfavourable regions in term of morbidity and prevalence of asthma. The epidemiologic difference closely depended on a degree of atmospheric pollution. There were important characteristic features of morbidity and prevalence of asthma in rural adult inhabitants at different ecological areas of Dagestan Republic. The population living at southern rural regions had the highest morbidity and prevalence of asthma.
About immunoprevention vaccine schedule
Authors: Tatochenko V. K.
Published: June 2021

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Fungal sensitisation of asthma children in different climatic and geographic regions of Azerbaijan
Authors: Kabulov H. H.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to analyse sensitisation to fungal allergens in asthmatic children living in different climatic and geographic regions of Azerbaijan. This work was a part of the "ISAAC" international programme (International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood). We examined 233 school children aged 13 to 14 (119 boys and 114 girls) from 4 regions of the country. Fungal sensitisation was evaluated using prick-tests with fungal allergens. At the semi-desert climate, children living at cities were sensitised more often to Cladosporium herbarum (36.5 %) and Alternaria tenuis (33.8 %) and rarer to Phoma betae (13.5 %) and Penicillium notatum (18.9 %); rural children were sensitised more often to Epicoccum purpurascen (35.8 %) and rarer to Aspergillus fumigatus (15.1 %) and Candida albicans (17 %). The prevalence of sensitisation to Phoma betae in rural children was twice higher than in urban children. Fungal sensitisation in children living in the subtropical climate zone was more frequent compared to other regions; those children were sensitised more often to Epicoccum purpurascen (43.4 %), Alternaria tenuis (41.5 %), and Phoma betae (39.6 %) and rarer to Candida albicans (28.3 %). Children from mountainous regions were sensitised to the fungi relatively rare. Urban children from the semi-desert and subtropical regions had the most prominent sensitisation to Аlternaria tenuis, rural children from the semi-desert region were more sensitised to Epicoccum purpurascen and Phoma betae allergens. While worsening the asthma course, rate and severity of fungal sensitisation increase independently on the habitation region.
Genetic markers of bronchial asthma in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ogorodova L. M. , Fedorova O. S. , Bragina E. Yu. , Freidin M. B. , Petrovskaya M. I.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the -703С/Т polymorphism in IL-5 gene, Q551R polymorphism in IL-4RA gene, and GSTM1 and GSTТ1 gene polymorphism as biological markers of bronchial asthma (BA) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). We genotyped children with AD (n = 72; mean age, 9.4 ± 0.28 years), children with AD in combination with BA (n = 68; mean age, 7.5 ± 0.7 years) and control subjects (n = 147; mean age, 9.9 ± 0.42 years). We found the associations between BA and the -703С allele of the interleukin-5 (IL-5) gene (OR = 1.73, p = 0.013) and -703СС / 551RR genotype combination (OR = 3.15; p = 0.015) in children with AD; between the 551RR genotype of the IL-4RA gene and atopy (p < 0.05). -703CT / GSТТ1 0/0 genotype combination was found rarer in children with BA than in controls (OR = 0.15; p = 0.049). Thus, -703С/Т allele of the IL-5 gene and -703СС / 551RR genotype combination were associated with BA and could be used as valuable markers of the disease in children with AD, whereas the Q551R polymorphism in the IL-4RA gene was associated with predisposition to atopic disease and could be used for administration of preventive therapy of allergic disorder in early childhood. The -703CT / GSТТ1 0/0 genotype combination can prevent BA occurrence in children with AD.
Quality of pediatricians' knowledge and outpatient diagnosis of childhood asthma
Authors: Meshcheryakov V. V. , Marenko E. Yu. , Marenko A. G.
Published: June 2021

This article has analyzed a relationship between quality of theoretical knowledge of pediatricians at outpatient clinics and asthma diagnosis. Questionnaires revealed insufficient theoretical knowledge on current therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for asthma which depended on length of time after last postgraduate education course. The late diagnosis of asthma in childhood outpatient clinics was made in 95.7 %. A mean delay in diagnosis was 4 years and the more the knowledge was worse. The late diagnosis of asthma was proven to be related to more severe course of the disease and wider sensitization spectrum. The more informative and available in primary care predictors of asthma onset were defined. A diagnostic table has been created which contains the most informative criteria of asthma and allows a quantitative prognosis of the disease in children with recurrent respiratory syndrome.
Current problems of resistance of pneumotropic pathogens
Authors: Zubkov M. N.
Published: June 2021

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Immune therapy with leukinterferon and interferon-α is a reliable way to decrease mortality of respiratory disease in children
Authors: Dolgina E. N. , Belyaev D. L.
Published: June 2021

We studied clinical and immunological relations of respiratory diseases (recurrent maxillar sinusitis, tonsillitis, adenoiditis, laryngotracheobronchitis with obstructive syndrome) in 261 children aged 2 to 14. Relationships between immunological parameters, severity of clinical course and pathogenic activity of the microbial agent were found. A scheme of immunotherapy with leukinterferon and interferon-α was worked out. The therapeutic efficacy of this scheme as a part of the basic therapy of constricting laryngitis and obstructive bronchitis and in children with frequently recurrent respiratory disease was proved. Longer stable period in recurrent respiratory disease, shorter antibacterial courses, less frequent hospitalizations, and possibility of outpatient administration were also seen.
Therapeutic efficacy of troventol in patients with occupational asthma or COPD
Authors: Vasilieva O. S. , Kolyadova T. V. , Korvyakov S. A. , Akhmetov R. Kh. , Shvarts G. Ya. , Neumolotova T. N.
Published: June 2021

Respiratory pathology takes 15 to 35 % of occupational diseases and a half of them falls to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficiency and safety of troventol in workers of rubber industry and other hazardous fields and in agriculture workers suffering from asthma or COPD. The study involved 33 workers of hazardous industries of Moscow and 35 agriculture workers. Methods used included questionnaire, physical examination, spirometry, bronchodilating test, methacholine challenge test, peak flowmetry, measurements of NO in the exhaled air (NOexh) and total IgE level before and after treatment with troventol under the continuing hazardous exposure condition. The daily dose of troventol depended on the severity of the disease and ranged 80 to 240 μg. The therapy with troventol has resulted in improvement of cough from 1.6 to 1.2 score (р ≤ 0.05) and dyspnea from 1.12 to 0.8 (р ≤ 0.04). Asthma attacks ceased in 39.7 % of the workers. Number of the workers having normal Tiffeneau index increased from 36.4 to 48.5 %. Bronchial hyperreactivity reduced. NOexh became normal in 24% of the patients. The drug was generally well tolerated.
Remodeling and diastolic function of right ventricle in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Alieva K. M. , Ibragimova M. I. , Masuev K. A.
Published: June 2021

This study was designed to investigate parameters of remodeling and diastolic function of right ventricle (RV) in elderly patients with COPD. One hundred patients were observed (of them, 78 had COPD and 22 were controls). The COPD patients had structural disorders and diastolic dysfunction of RV and pulmonary hypertension. A relationship was determined between systolic and diastolic functions of RV.
Role of Clara cells in histophysiology of bronchiolar epithelium and in lung pathology
Authors: Borkina A. N.
Published: June 2021

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Budesonide / formoterol as an inhaler for basic therapy and relief of asthma symptoms (SMART strategy)
Authors: Knyazheskaya N. P.
Published: June 2021

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Modern pharmacotherapy: opportunities to effect outcomes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Tsoy A. N. , Lazareva N. B.
Published: June 2021

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Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Vidal R. , Blanco I. , Casas F. , Jardi R. , Miravitlles M.
Published: June 2021

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Effects of halotherapy on free radical oxidation in patients with lung diseases
Authors: Farkhutdinov U. R. , Abdrakhmanova L. M. , Farkhutdinov Sh. U.
Published: June 2021

Generation of active oxygen forms (AOF) in whole blood was studied in 32 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and 39 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by luminoldependent chemiluminescence (ChL). ChL intensity of blood was decreased in all patients. Halotherapy (HT) was used in 15 patients with BA and 19 patients with COPD. Standard treatment was administered to 17 patients with BA and 20 patients with COPD. Abnormal AOF production and symptoms of disease persisted in patients after standard treatment. HT increased AOF pro duction and improved treatment efficiency in patients with BA and COPD.
Estimation of arterial stiffness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Geltser B. I. , Brodskaya T. A. , Nevzorova V. A.
Published: June 2021

We examined 60 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by noninvasive arteriography (arteriograph TensioClinic TL1 (TensioMed, Hungary) to evaluate a place of arterial stiffness in the pathogenesis of COPD. As a whole, central arterial stiffness in COPD patients is higher than in healthy persons and is expressed in increase in aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), augmentation index (IA), and the ratio of coronary perfusion indexes. Increase in the arterial stiffness is stable which could be important for pathogenesis of cardiovascular disturbances in such patients. The arterial stiffness does not progress according to severity of COPD. Aortic stiffness naturally raises in the stages I and II of the disease but it decreases in the stage III. The increase in the aortic stiffness in the early stages is thought to be due to influence of pathogenic factors of the disease; in the stage III, the aortic stiffness decreases because of progressive myocardial hypodynamia. According to findings of noninvasive arteriography, the most informative predictor of cardiovascular risk and COPD severity was the ratio of coronary perfusion indexes. It closely correlated with hypoxemia, and duration and severity of disease. Our results partly explain frequent combination of COPD and cardiovascular pathology. The further researches in this field will be needed to specify pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in COPD.
Pharmacogenetic aspects of severe asthma
Authors: Trofimov V. I. , Mironova Zh. A. , Yantchina E. D. , Dubina M. V.
Published: June 2021

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Occupational bronchial asthma in the post-exposure period: possibilities to control
Authors: Liubchenko P. N. , Stotskaya T. V. , Kabanova T. G.
Published: June 2021

Eighty-seven patients with occupational bronchial asthma in the post-exposure period (8.5 years in average) and 105 patients with non-occupational asthma were studied. In 64 % of cases, asthma was induced by high-molecular weight antigens of organic dust of various types. Severe course of the disease and steroid dependence were noted somewhat more often in patients with occupational professional asthma compared to non-occupational one (23 % among men and 30 % among women vs. 21 % and 20 %, respectively). Well-controlled occupational asthma was more often (9.60 % and 4.76 %, respectively) which could be explained by elimination of causative agent, annual examination and treatment in clinics of occupational pathology with further correction of the therapy in outpatient primary care facilities. The authors recommend applying criteria of asthma control to estimate the degree of the patient's disability.
Clinical and biochemical aspects of development of bronchial obstruction in asthma
Authors: Kozina O. V. , Andrushkevich V. V. , Sazonov A. E. , Petrova I. V. , Egorov V. A. , Komyakova E. V. , Chusova N. N. , Yusubov M. S. , Ogorodova L. M.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate NO- and lipid peroxidation (LPO)-related airway reactivity and its correlation to ventilation disorders in different clinical variants of asthma. NO, malone dialdehyde, IL-4, TNF-α, and IgE were measured in BAL fluid and blood serum of 39 asthma patients and 15 healthy volunteers matched for age and gender.

In patients with stable asthma, airflow parameters in small and medium airways were significantly decreased compared to those of healthy persons. Concentrations of key cytokines of atopic inflammation in BAL fluid and serum were increased in asthma patients. Serum IgE tended to decrease and IL-4 and TNF-α in BAL fluid increased in asthma patients while the disease worsened. Inverse correlations were found between NO and TNF-α, malone dialdehyde concentration and parameters of bronchial obstruction.

In conclusion, NO production in airways is caused by strong accumulation of inflammatory cells with high metabolic activity resulting in release of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines which regulate immunopathological reagine-induced inflammation.
Clinical relevance of oxygen supply
Authors: Kohler D.
Published: June 2021

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An educational model of respiratory physicians
Authors: Chuchalin A. G.
Published: June 2021

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Drug therapy of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Leshchenko I. V.
Published: June 2021

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Biochemical and molecular mechanisms of occurrence of occupational bronchopulmonary pathology
Authors: Kuzmina L. P.
Published: June 2021

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Some features of occurrence of pulmonary hypertension in pneumoconiosis
Authors: Loshchilov Yu. A.
Published: June 2021

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Visceral amyloidosis as a complication of silicotuberculosis
Authors: Lyubchenko P. N. , Shirokova E. B. , Gurevich L. E. , Kabanova T. G.
Published: June 2021

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Videothoracoscopy for detection of difficult cases of occupational lung pathology
Authors: Lyubchenko P. N. , Stotskaya T. V. , Kuzmichev V. A. , Kabanova T. G. , Ershova K. I.
Published: June 2021

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Effect of physical rehabilitation on exercise tolerance in Chernobyl clean-up workers with chronic respiratory pathology
Authors: Chikina S. Yu. , Meshcheryakova N. N. , Chernyak A. V. , Belevsky A. V. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: June 2021

This prospective open comparative non-randomized study was aimed to assess effect of physical rehabilitation on exercise tolerance in Chernobyl clean-up workers with radionuclide-induced pneumopathy. The inpatient training programme included skeletal muscle training of upper and lower extremities and breathing strategies. Of 26 patients, 14 males underwent ≥ 4 training courses during the study and 12 males underwent < 4 courses. As a result, physical rehabilitation in patients with radionuclide-induced pneumopathy improved physical tolerance but it should be more prolonged and be targeted both to skeletal and respiratory muscles. Further studies are necessary to assess long-term effects of rehabilitation in these patients.
Character features of diagnosis and treatment of lung carcinoma
Authors: Trakhtenberg A. Kh. , Kolbanov K. I. , Sedykh S. A.
Published: June 2021

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Prevention of exacerbations of COPD using inhaled silver micro-particles in industrial workers in Jamal
Authors: Lobanov A. A. , Kochkin R. A. , Andronov S. V.
Published: June 2021

Placebo controlled trial of efficacy of inhales silver micro-particles for prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung diseases (COPD) was carried out in industrial workers in Jamal. The study duration was 360 days (180 days of therapy and 180 days of follow-up without treatment). The patients (120 persons) were divided into 3 groups: the 1st group received inhalations of dry aerosol of silver micro-particles, the 2nd group was administered dry aerosol of sodium chloride (placebo), and the 3rd group did not receive any preventive treatment. In the group received silver inhalations exacerbations decreased twice, duration of exacerbations decreased to one third and the physical tolerance increased when compared to the placebo group.
Dust related respiratory pathology and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Razumov V. V. , Shatskikh N. A. , Zadorozhnaya M. P.
Published: June 2021

Hemodynamic parameters of right and left heart ventricles and both greater and lesser blood circulations were studied using Doppler echocardiography in 129 patients with arterial hypertension, 54 patients with dust related respiratory pathology and 97 subjects of two control groups. Relying on the results we concluded that (1) the right heart ventricle and pulmonary circulation are targets for arterial hypertension, (2) pressure increase in arteries of lesser circulation occurs at the initial stage of dust related respiratory disease, (3) and the research of pulmonary hemodynamics with functional load should be obligatory when examining relationship between the disease and the profession.
Combined therapy with ipratropium bromide and β2-agonists in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Avdeev S. N.
Published: June 2021

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Features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus
Authors: Titova E. A. , Algazin A. I. , Kornilova T. A. , Sokol I. P. , Reutskaya E. M. , Petaeva E. M. , Strebkova V. M. , Chirkova V. N. , Shulgina L. E. , Shoykhet Ya. N.
Published: June 2021

Fifty-two patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aged 44 to 71 yrs were examined. Of them, 26 ones suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We established that in patients with concomitant DM, COPD has more severe course with more advanced respiratory failure and chronic cor pulmonale and more frequent exacerbations. COPD patients with concomitant DM more often have co-morbidity, such as obesity, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure. Co-morbidity of COLD and DM requires more extensive pharmacotherapy.
Myocardial injury in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kinyaikin M. F. , Sukhanova G. I. , Udovichenko I. A. , Kondrashova E. A.
Published: June 2021

Sixty-three patients with COPD and 82 patients with COPD and concomitant IHD have been examined. A leading role of hypoxemia in development of myocardiodystrophy and advantages of computed electrocardiotopography over other methods in detection myocardial dystrophic lesions have been demonstrated. Those lesions were more severe in the patients with co-existing COPD and IHD.
Clinical and morphological features of 14-year follow-up of bronchioloalveolar lung carcinoma
Authors: Kovalenko V. L. , Shvets S. I. , Yanchuk V. P. , Kogan E. A.
Published: June 2021

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Clinical and functional featuresof respiratory heat exchange and cold airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic polypous rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zakharova E. V.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate airway conditioning function and cold hyperresponsiveness in patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and nasal polyps. One hundred and eleven asthma patients with or without chronic polypous rhinosinusitis (CPR) were examined. Respiratory heat exchange and cold airway hyperresponsiveness were assessed using thermometry of expired air during quiet breathing and isocapnic hyperventilation with cold air in comparison with a group of healthy persons. The conditioning nasal function was worsened in BA patients with CPRS. Disorders of nasal heat exchange led to decreased temperature of the exhaled air during quiet breathing and cold hyperventilation. These disorders were closely related to increased frequency and severity of cold airway hyperresponsiveness.
Yellow nail syndrome in practice of a thoracic surgeon
Authors: Korymasov E. A. , Pushkin S. Yu. , Benyan A. S. , Pesneva O. V.
Published: June 2021

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Lung function assessment using the interrupter technique in infants and preschool children
Authors: Furman E. G. , Ponomareva M. S. , Yarulina A. M. , Koryukina I. P. , Abdullaev A. R.
Published: June 2021

There are numerous problems regarding lung function assessment in infants and preschool children despite the great interest to this field worldwide. Therefore, investigations of the interrupter technique in infants and preschool children are of great importance. This article contains results of measurement of airway resistance in children with asthma, atopic dermatitis, acute bronchitis and croup and in healthy children using the interrupter technique. Results of mathematic modeling have also been discussed in the article.
Efficacy of ambroxol (Lasolvan) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Farkhutdinov U. R. , Petryakov V. V. , Farkhutdinov Sh. U.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of mucolytic drug ambroxol (Lasolvan) as a part of combined treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fifty-two patients with exacerbation of COPD participated in the study. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained during bronchofiberoscopy was examined for cell differential and immunoglobulin concentration. The latter was found to be reduced. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the main group included 25 patients treated with standard therapy (antibiotics, bronchodilators, glucocorticosteroids) and inhaled ambroxol through a nebulizer; the comparator group included 27 patients with COPD who received standard therapy and placebo (inhaled saline solution). Administration of ambroxol has led to improvement in clinical symptoms and local immunity. In the comparator group, the duration of exacerbation was longer and improvement in the local immunity was insignificant. Therefore, the use of ambroxol as a part of combined therapy of COPD exacerbation could improve the local immunity and contribute to the result of treatment.
Sarcoidosis: review of recent knowledge
Authors: Visel A. A.
Published: June 2021

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Протеомный анализ плазмы крови больных хроническим
бронхитом
Authors: Дубовская Л.В. , Колеснева Е.В. , Федорович С.В. , Денисевич Н.П. , Волотовский И.Д.
Published: June 2021

С применением метода 2-мерного гель-электрофореза проведен анализ профиля белковой экспрессии и выявлены диагностически значимые маркерные белки в плазме крови доноров, имеющих хронический бронхит. На основе детекции белковых биомаркеров разработан
вспомогательный метод диагностики, с помощью которого можно проводить скрининг ранних форм развития хронического бронхита.
Синдром обструктивного апноэ / гипопноэ сна и перекисное
окисление липидов
Authors: Мадаева И.М. , Петрова В.А. , Колесникова Л.И. , Шевырталова О.Н.
Published: June 2021

Целью данного исследования явилось изучение закономерностей изменения перекисного окисления липидов - антиокислительной защиты (ПОЛ-АОЗ) у пациентов с различной степенью гипоксии при синдроме обструктивного апноэ / гипопноэ сна (СОА / ГС).
Исследование системы ПОЛ-АОЗ у пациентов с СОА / ГС позволило выявить особенности некоторых метаболических реакций, которые могут отражать развитие адаптационнокомпенсаторных процессов. У пациентов с синдромом повышенной резистивности верхних дыхательных путей отмечается увеличение общей антиокислительной активности (АОА) и диеновых конъюгатов, что можно трактовать, как начальную стресс-реакцию или же срочную (аварийную) адаптацию. Легкая степень тяжести СОА / ГС, характеризуемая
снижением общей АОА и повышением концентрации первичных продуктов липопероксидации, отражает развитие адаптивно-компенсаторных процессов и определяется как переходный этап между срочной и долговременной адаптацией. С увеличением степени гипоксического воздействия на организм, которое отмечается в группе со средней степенью тяжести СОА / ГС, можно судить о формировании долговременной адаптации к хроническому воздействию гипоксии. Снижение показателей общей АОА на фоне снижения продуктов ПОЛ, наблюдаемое в группе с тяжелой степенью СОА / ГС, демонстрирует иной уровень функционирования, свидетельствующий
об истощении функциональных резервов, т. е. развивается процесс дезадаптации.
Туберкулез у лиц с социально-маргинальным поведением:
заболеваемость и эффективность лечения
Authors: Гапоненко Г.Е. , Овчинникова Е.Л. , Ситникова С.В.
Published: June 2021

Приведены сравнительные данные структуры заболеваемости и эффективности лечения лиц без определенного места жительства (БОМЖ) и лиц, имеющих постоянное проживание на территории обслуживания. Установлены особенности половозрастной, клинической структуры заболеваемости туберкулезом и особенности результатов лечения лиц БОМЖ. Учитывая возрастающее влияние лиц с социально-маргинальным поведением, больных туберкулезом, на эпидемиологическую обстановку, существует серьезная необходимость в оптимизации и коррекции действующих противотуберкулезных мероприятий. Предложены мероприятия по увеличению эффективности раннего выявления и лечения туберкулеза у лиц БОМЖ.
Особенности внутрисердечной и легочной гемодинамики
по данным эхокардиографии у больных хронической
обструктивной болезнью легких при наличии
сочетанной патологии
Authors: Шойхет Я.Н. , Клестер Е.Б.
Published: June 2021

Проведен анализ особенностей внутрисердечной и легочной гемодинамики у 474 пациентов. У 159 из них была хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) (1-я группа), у 164 - сочетание ХОБЛ со стенокардией напряжения (2-я группа), у 151 пациента - ишемическая болезнь сердца (3-я группа). Все пациенты в зависимости от характера сочетанной патологии были разделены на подгруппы. Систолическая дисфункция диагностирована у 34,1 % пациентов подгруппы с хронической сердечной недостаточностью (ХСН) при наличии сочетанной патологии; этот показатель был статистически значимо больше, чем в 1-й и 3-й групах. Установлено, что в подгруппах с нарушениями ритма, ХСН, артериальной гипертензией (АГ) диагностировалось наиболее выраженное увеличение левого предсердия, левого и правого желудочков, повышение массы миокарда левого желудочка. В подгруппе с болезнями мочеполовой системы, особенно при падении скорости клубочковой фильтрации ниже средних значений с учетом возрастной категории и пола, были выявлены увеличение левых отделов сердца и умеренное снижение показателей сократимости левого желудочка. У больных с болезнями органов пищеварения, по сравнению с другими подгруппами, изменения сердечной гемодинамики были наименее выражены. Рестриктивный тип диастолической дисфункции как левого, так и правого желудочка выявлялся преимущественно у больных в подгруппах с ХСН и АГ. Таким образом, по данным допплерэхокардиографии, у пациентов с ХОБЛ, особенно при наличии сопутствующей патологии сердечно-сосудистой и мочеполовой систем, регистрируются процессы ремоделирования обоих отделов сердца наряду и увеличение давления в системе легочной артерии.
Артериоло-капиллярный кровоток в легких и легочная гипертензия у больных бронхиальной астмой
Authors: Крылова Ю.О. , Пирогов А.Б. , Колосов В.П.
Published: June 2021

Изучены особенности легочной микроциркуляции у 151 пациента с бронхиальной астмой (БА). Исследование легочно-капиллярного кровотока (ЛКК) проводилось методом перфузионной пульмоносцинтиграфии (ПСГ). Выявлено, что начальные нарушения артериоло-капиллярного кровотока в легких регистрируются уже при легком течении БА, наблюдаются при нормальном уровне давления в легочной артерии и прогрессируют по мере утяжеления БА. Выраженность изменений показателей ЛКК четко коррелирует с уровнем давления в легочной артерии. Дезинтеграция параметров ЛКК является одним из патогенетических факторов формирования и развития легочной гипертензии.
Оценка эффективности и безопасности омализумаба в комплексной терапии больных с тяжелой неконтролируемой атопической бронхиальной астмой в течение 12 месяцев наблюдения
Authors: Сучкова Ю.Б. , Осипова Г.Л. , Чучалин А.Г. , Пашкова Т.Л.
Published: June 2021

Было проведено 12-месячное исследование эффективности и безопасности применения омализумаба (Ксолар) у больных с тяжелой неконтролируемой атопической бронхиальной астмой (БА). В исследовании принимали участие 46 больных. Пациенты были распределены на 2 группы. 1-я группа получала омализумаб в дополнение к базисной терапии, 2-я группа (сравнения) получала только базисную терапию. В ходе исследования анализировались такие показатели, как частота дневных и ночных симптомов, потребность в препаратах неотложной помощи, суточная доза ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов (иГКС) в пересчете на беклометазона дипропионат, частота обострений и госпитализаций, внеплановых визитов к врачу, качество жизни (по опроснику AQLQ), показатели спирометрии. Уровень контроля БА определялся согласно критериям GINA 2006 г. В ходе исследования в 1-й группе больных наблюдалось статистически значимое, по сравнению с исходными показателями и показателями во 2-й группе, снижение частоты дневных и ночных симптомов БА, потребности в ингаляциях #b2-агонистов короткого действия, суточной дозы иГКС, частоты обострений БА, госпитализаций и числа внеплановых визитов к врачу. Отмечено также статистически значимое улучшение показателей качества жизни, по опроснику AQLQ, и показателей функции внешнего дыхания у больных в 1-й группе. Нежелательные явления, отмеченные в ходе исследования в группе пациентов, получавших лечение омализумабом, были сравнимы с нежелательными явлениями в группе контроля и не потребовали отмены препарата. Таким образом, добавление омализумаба к базисной терапии у больных с тяжелой неконтролируемой атопической БА позволяет эффективно улучшить контроль над заболеванием, снизить суточную дозу иГКС, а также улучшить качество жизни пациентов.
Методы выявления и распространенность процесса
у впервые выявленных пациентов с туберкулезом легких
в первичном звене здравоохранения
Authors: Бородулина Е.А. , Бородулин Б.Е. , Амосова Е.А. , Поваляева Л.В. , Калинкин А.В.
Published: June 2021

Проведен анализ распространенности процесса у 121 пациента с впервые выявленным туберкулезом (средний возраст - 39,9-40,2 года) на основании историй болезни. Распространенные процессы у впервые выявленных пациентов диагностируются чаще (в 61,98 % случаев) при обращении с жалобами в общую лечебную сеть. Основным методом является лучевая диагностика, микроскопический метод имеет низкую эффективность (4 % - только при обращении). В противотуберкулезной службе диагноз подтверждается обнаружением Mycobacterium tuberculosis, в т. ч. в 68 % случаев - методом микроскопии, в 26 % - у пациентов с распространенными процессами. Социально-отягощающие факторы (низкий уровень образования, одиночество, плохие жилищные условия, частый прием алкоголя) чаще регистрируются у лиц с распространенными процессами, являясь факторами риска туберкулеза. В современной эпидемиологической ситуации лучевая диагностика остается ведущим методом выявления туберкулеза в первичном звене здравоохранения.
Сравнительная характеристика течения лекарственно-
устойчивого и лекарственно-чувствительного туберкулеза
легких у впервые выявленных больных молодого возраста
Authors: Мякишева Т.В. , Мишин В.Ю.
Published: June 2021

С целью выявления факторов риска развития лекарственно-устойчивого туберкулеза легких (ЛУТЛ), особенностей его течения и оценки эффективности стационарного этапа лечения обследованы 148 пациентов со впервые выявленным туберкулезом легких с бактериовыделением в возрасте от 18 до 35 лет. Основную группу составили 108 пациентов с ЛУТЛ, контрольную - 40 пациентов с лекарственно-чувствительным туберкулезом. Всем пациентам проводили 3-кратно бактериоскопию и посев мокроты на питательные среды с определением чувствительности возбудителя к противотуберкулезным препаратам. Установлено, что нерегулярное прохождение профилактических флюорографических осмотров, отсутствие постоянной работы и семьи, злоупотребление алкоголем, пребывание в местах лишения свободы являются факторами, способствующими возникновению ЛУТЛ у пациентов молодого возраста. В клинике пациентов с резистентным туберкулезом преобладают выраженные симптомы интоксикации, фебрильная температура, одышка при физической нагрузке, кровохарканье, хрипы при аускультации. Исходная протяженность и выраженность инфильтративно-деструктивных изменений в легких (> 2 долей, каверна > 2 см) может служить определенным прогностическим критерием наличия лекарственной резистентности, что необходимо учитывать при проведении интенсивной фазы терапии. Эффективность стационарного этапа лечения пациентов с ЛУТЛ сравнительно низкая - только в половине случаев достигается прекращение бактериовыделения по результатам мазка мокроты и в 1 / 3 - при посеве на питательные среды, что частично связано с короткими сроками терапии и нарушением режима.