bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inclusion of shrimp waste meal in diet of free-range chickens
Authors: Brito C.O. , Silva C.M. , Lelis G.R. , Corassa A. , Velarde J.M.D.S. , Silva M.A.S. , Oliveira Júnior G.M. , Del Vesco A.P. , Ribeiro Júnior V.
Published: April 2021

Shrimp waste meal (SWM) is a by-product from the processing of shrimp for human consumption. The value of SMW in feeding poultry is not well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the energy value and optimal inclusion level of SWM in the diet of growing chickens. A total of 180 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to five treatments with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg of SWM included in their diet. There were six replicates of six birds for each treatment. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected by the level of SWM that was fed. Retained dry matter varied from 72.39% in the diet that did not contain SWM to 66.97% in the diet with 200 g/kg of SWM. Nitrogen retention (NR) ranged from 54.70% to 70.10%; N ingested was between 18.71% and 24.03%. Energy intake ranged from 73.57% to 69.33% for the control and the diet with 200 g/kg of SWM, respectively. NR improved with increasing SWM inclusion levels. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and corrected apparent energy metabolizable (AMEn) ranged from 2928 to 2527 kcal/kg and 2774 to 2329 kcal/kg, respectively, relative to the control and 200 g/kg SWM diets. The energy consumption, in kcal/kg, of SWM consumed was AME = 2332-6.971 x SWM and AMEn = 2113-8.128 x SWM. High levels of SWM reduce the dry matter metabolization coefficient and metabolizable energy values in broilers during the growing phase, so it is recommended that up to 100 g/kg should be included, which would provide an AMEn of 1300.2 kcal/kg for free-range chickens in dry matter.
Wool production in Dohne Merino, Dormer, Merino and South African Mutton Merino lambs
Authors: Van der Merwe D.A. , Brand T.S. , Hoffman L.C.
Published: April 2021

In this study, the wool growth of Dohne Merino, Dormer, Merino and South African Mutton Merino (SAMM) lambs reared on a feedlot diet (10.62 MJ ME/ kg feed, 20.7% crude protein) was monitored from about two months old until the lambs were shorn as yearlings. The 100 cm2 patches on the left sides of the lambs were sheared monthly and the clippings were weighed to determine the wool growth rate. At approximately one year old, the lambs were shorn and the fleeces were weighed. A mid rib fleece sample was also retrieved from each lamb for quality analysis. Merino lambs presented the highest wool growth rates (12.943 g/day) and fleece weights (6.140 kg), whereas Dormer lambs exhibited the lowest values for these traits (8.487 g/day and 3.330 kg, respectively (P <0.05)). The lack of differences between Dohne Merino (9.720 g/day and 4.671 kg) and SAMM (10.553 g/day and 4.158 kg) lambs for these wool growth rate and fleece weight traits was attributed to disparities in live weight (86.8 kg and 105.2 kg, respectively (P <0.05), with heavier SAMM lambs offsetting the expected variations in fleece weight. Wool from Dohne Merino and Merino sheep had the finest fibre diameters (<21 μm), followed by SAMM wool (22–23 μm), with Dormers producing coarse wool (>27 μm). These results could be used as guidelines in sheep production to predict the income contribution of wool from these breeds.
Effect of extrusion on the rumen undegradable protein fraction of lupins
Authors: Brand T.S. , Jordaan L.
Published: April 2021

Lupins are highly degradable in the rumen, and do not provide enough bypass protein for high-producing ruminant animals. The effects of extrusion on dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) rumen degradability of Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius were determined in situ. Samples of both types of lupin were extruded at maximum temperature, which reached 116 °C. Six Dohne Merino wethers fitted with rumen cannulas were used in this trial. Samples were incubated in the rumen at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 12, 36, and 48 hours. This procedure was repeated in two sheep per treatment and in three periods, giving a total of six observations for each variable. Extrusion lowered the soluble fraction of CP and increased the potential degradable fraction without affecting its rate of degradation. It also lowered the effective degradability of CP of both types of lupin by 28% at an outflow rate of 0.08% per hour. No differences were observed between types. Extrusion modified the ruminal degradation parameters and decreased effective rumen degradation, especially at faster outflow rates. Thus, the rumen undegradable protein (RUP) fraction of lupins was increased by extrusion and lupins could be used more efficiently in ruminant diets. This study showed that the benefits of extrusion could be reached at a relatively low temperature of 116 °C to reduce the possibility of heat damage.
Evaluation of synchronization protocols and methods of early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle
Authors: Shahzad A.H. , Sattar A. , Ahmad N. , Ahmad I. , Yousaf M.S. , Blouch R.S. , Abbas S. , Nak D. , Nak Y. , Ray D.L. , Silvia W.J.
Published: April 2021

The studies aimed to evaluate the pregnancy rate (PR) for timed artificial insemination (TAI) after G7G-Ovsynch, modified G7G-Ovsynch (MG7G-Ovsynch) and Ovsynch protocols and to assess the accuracy of using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) and plasma progesterone (P4) in pregnancy diagnosis compared with ultrasonography (US). In study 1, Holstein cows (n = 37) were bred by TAI following the G7G-Ovsynch protocol (n = 19) or MG7G-Ovsynch (n = 18). Pregnancy was evaluated by US at days 31, 59, and 87 after breeding. The PR was not different for the G7G-Ovsynch and MG7G-Ovsynch. Blood and milk samples were collected on day 3 after insemination and then weekly through day 59 post TAI in cows diagnosed as not pregnant on day 31 and through day 87 in pregnant cows. PAGs were measured using ELISA and P4 by radioimmunoassay (RIA). In the second study, Holstein cows (n = 212) were bred by TAI following G7G-Ovsynch protocol (n = 110) or standard Ovsynch (n = 102). Cows were subjected to pregnancy diagnosis on days 30, 60, and 90. A subset (n = 15 in each group) was subjected to blood and milk samples on days 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 to measure PAGs and P4. In study 2, PR was not significantly different between synchronization protocols on days 30, 60, and 90. Pregnancy loss averaged 15% between day 30 and day 90. The use of PAGs and P4 proved equally effective in diagnosis of pregnancy. Thus, G7G-Ovsynch was deemed the protocol of choice in postpartum cows, and PAGs assayed in milk or plasma could be used to diagnose pregnancy.
Identifying sequence variation in cation channel sperm associated genes in Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra)
Authors: Smith R.M. , Kotzé A. , Grobler J.P. , Dalton D.L.
Published: April 2021

The Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) has recovered from near extinction over more than eight decades. While their numbers have increased, populations remain isolated with low genetic diversity. With more than 75 new populations being founded and more than 4800 extant animals, conservation management strategies are being implemented to mitigate risk of losses in genetic diversity and reproductive fitness. One objective is to identify reproductive characteristics that may improve population growth. Cation channel sperm (CatSper) genes play an important role in hyperactivation of sperm during fertilization. Mutations in these genes lead to reduced fertility and even infertility. Ten male zebras were sampled from a group that were translocated in 2016 in order to found a new population. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in three of the CatSper genes (1 - 3). Lack of variation was observed in all exons, with only four SNPs being identified in the intronic regions in close proximity to exons 1, 2, 7, 8, and 9 of CatSper 1. These results may contribute to the pre-identification of males for new founder populations to ensure population growth and viability, and may be a useful tool for selection against low-producing individuals.
Note on in vitro digestion of avocado products for pigs
Authors: Ly J. , Fránquez P. , Rodríguez G. , Lemus C. , Dominguez I.A. , Grageola F.
Published: April 2021

In vitro (pepsin/pancreatin) digestibility coefficients of pulp, seed, and peel of avocados of the Creole and Hass varieties were studied according to a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in which the factors were the variety and parts of the fruit. Creole avocado were heavier in natura than Hass exemplars (310.7 g and 156.8 g), whereas Hass had a greater proportion of pulp than the Creole fruits (76.0% and 64.6%). No significant interactions were observed. In vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and nitrogen (N) were higher for the Creole variety compared with the Hass. In vitro digestibility of N was similar in the pulp and seeds, and higher than in the peels (731, 773, and 550 g/kg-1, respectively). Use of the entire avocado as pig feedstuff would have a lower nutritional value compared with feeding just avocado pulp. Supplementation of a diet based on avocado with additional protein may be needed for optimal production.
Behaviour, welfare, and tibia traits of fast- and slow-growing chickens reared in intensive and free range systems
Authors: Ghayas A. , Hussain J. , Mahmud A. , Jaspal M.H. , Ishaq H.M. , Hussain A.
Published: April 2021

The behaviour, welfare, and tibia characteristics of fast- and slow-growing chickens were evaluated in free-range and intensive production systems. A total of 720 birds of three strains were subjected to these systems after 21 days of rearing under the same intensive environment. Each treatment was replicated six times with 20 birds in each replicate. Data were collected for welfare aspects, including feather condition, footpad, hock joint and tonic immobility, behavioural features, especially feeding or foraging, sitting, walking, scratching, pecking and dust-bathing, and tibia characteristics, including weight, length, width, medullary canal diameter and robusticity index (4 - 8 weeks). Production system had significant effects on all welfare and behaviour aspects of the birds. However, tibia characteristics were not influenced by production system, except for medullary canal diameter. The strains differed significantly in welfare, tibia characteristics and behaviour. For example, the slow-growing strains had better feather condition,  footpad and hock joint scores. Significant interactions of strain and production system were noted for all characteristics. It was recommended that Rhode Island Red chickens could be raised under either production system without compromising their welfare or causing adverse effects on leg health.
Energy manipulation of isonitrogenous diets for broiler chickens
Authors: Akinmoladun O.F. , Falowo A.B.
Published: April 2021

A total of 378 unsexed Anak broiler chicks were used to assess the effects of varying energy levels and manipulation on growth, haematology, and carcass traits. The experiment was conducted in two phases. First, one-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to one of three starter diets, which differed in their energy density (LSE: 2786.80 Kcal/kg; OSE: 3015.40 Kcal/kg; and HSE: 3252.20 Kcal/kg). The chicks were assigned to seven replicates per treatment with 18 chicks per replicate. When the chicks were 27 days old, they were randomly re-allocated to three finisher diets (LFE: 2770.66 Kcal/kg, OFE: 2961.74 Kcal/kg, and HFE: 3150.43 Kcal/kg). Thus, there were seven replicates of nine treatments with six chicks per replicate in the finishing phase. The starter and finisher diets were isonitrogenous. Birds fed the OSE and HSE starter diets gained more weight and were heavier at 27 days than birds fed LSE. Energy intake by birds fed HSE was greater than by birds fed OSE, and birds fed OSE had greater energy intake than birds fed LSE. Feed conversion ratio was improved for birds fed OSE and HSE. Birds fed LSE and then HFE consumed the least feed and gained as much or more weight during the finisher phase as any other group. Overall, FCR between days 27 and 50 tended to differ among the treatments (P =0.06). Total protein intake increased with decreasing dietary energy in both phases. Varying dietary energy levels did not affect the haematological parameters, carcass traits and internal organ weights.
Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of corexit 9500® dispersant on growth and condition factor of juvenile Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), Rivers state, Nigeria
Authors: Bob-Manuel K.N.O. , Ugbomeh A. , Taylorharry O.
Published: April 2021

The effects of sub-lethal concentrations of Corexit 9500 on growth and condition factor of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus was investigated after 21days, in 2018. 160 fishes were used as test organisms with a loading of 10/treatment and were exposed to 0.00, 0.0125, 0.025 and 0.05 ml/L concentrations of Corexit 9500. Treatments were in triplicate and Complete Randomised Design was adopted. The growth in length and weight of C. gariepinus was significantly higher in the control than the test treatments (P<0.05). The increase in weight of the control was significantly different from the three treatments. Temperature was not significantly different (P>0.05); however, the DO of control was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the treatments, with the lowest DO in the 0.05ml/l treatment. pH was acidic for all treatments including the control but was more acidic with increasing concentration of Corexit 9500. The pH value for each treatment was significantly different (P<0.05). The conductivity was significantly different from each other (P<0.05) with higher values at the 0.025 ml/L concentrations. The condition factor (K) decreased with increasing toxicant concentration and was significantly different (P<0.05) at 0.0125ml/L and at Weeks 2 and 3 of 0.05 ml/L. Corexit 9500 dispersants should be appropriately assessed before deployment, and their use near fish breeding grounds should be avoided.

Key words: Clarias gariepinus, dispersant, growth, physicochemical parameters, sub-lethal
Listy Władysława Taczanowskiego do Aleksandra Straucha w zbiorach Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk – interesujący przyczynek historii zoologii w XIX wieku
Authors: Daszkiewicz Piotr , Mierzwa-Szymkowiak Dominika
Published: April 2021

Letters from Władysław Taczanowski to Alexander Strauch in the Russian Academy of Sciences Collections. An Interesting Contribution to the History of Zoology in the Nineteenth Century

The article presents the Polish translation and analysis of the letters from Władysław Taczanowski (1819–1890) to Aleksander Strauch (1832–1893). The correspondence is stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg and comprises 29 letters written between 1870 and 1889. The main theme of these letters is specimens of reptiles and amphibians sent to Warsaw by Polish naturalists, such as Benedykt Dybowski from Siberia, Konstanty Jelski from French Guiana and Peru, Jan Kalinowski from Korea, as well as specimens brought by Taczanowski from Algeria. Strauch determined the species and used them in his publications. This correspondence is also a valuable testimony of the exchange of specimens between the Warsaw Zoological Cabinet and the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. In return for herpetological specimens, the Warsaw collection received numerous fish specimens from the Russian Empire and a collection of birds from Mikołaj Przewalski’s expedition to Central Asia. The content of the letters allows a better understanding of the functioning of natural history museography but also the organization of shipments, preparation, determination, and exchange of specimens. They are a valuable document of the history of nineteenth-century scientific museography.
Wyposażenie „PRL-owskiej” izby recepturowej ze zbiorów Muzeum Okręgowego im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego w Bydgoszczy. Genius loci czy suma przypadków?
Authors: Frischke Gabriela , Wilczyńska Roksana , Ślusarczyk Wojciech
Published: April 2021

Equipment of a Prescription Room from the Polish People’s Republic Times in the Collection of Leon Wyczółkowski District Museum in Bydgoszcz. Genius loci or the Sum of Cases?

In 2017, the Leon Wyczółkowski District Museum in Bydgoszcz purchased the collection of a private pharmacy museum, previously functioning in the back of the now-liquidated Pod Łabędziem (‘Under the Swan’) pharmacy in Bydgoszcz, first opened in 1853. Among the acquired museum exhibits, there is prescription room equipment from the Polish People’s Republic period. From the point of view of museum workers and researchers of pharmaceutical material culture, in order to learn more about the acquisitions, it is essential to answer the following questions: Where and when were the prescription furniture and their equipment produced? Were they used only in Pod Łabędziem (‘Under the Swan’) pharmacy? Is the room equipment complete? What can the preserved equipment tell us about the type of drugs produced there? The conducted analysis allows us to state that the prescription furniture were manufactured in Nowe nad Wisłą at the turn of the 1970s. The prescription room is an original component of the described pharmacy but preserved in a truncated form. Its location is secondary. Chaos reigns among the preserved utensils. The current state of affairs does not reflect the standards of work in the former community pharmacy. The sum of the cases prevails over the genius loci.
O potrzebie badań nad historią hematologii
Authors: Paliga Renata Elżbieta
Published: April 2021

On the Need for Research into the History of Hematology

Hematology emerged from the study of internal diseases in the twentieth century. Its history can be divided into three periods: the first (elementary) – separation from internal diseases, the second (interdisciplinary) – development by combining the achievements from other fields and joint activities of research teams, and the third (which is difficult to label as it is ongoing) – cognition at the genetic and molecular level. Thanks to the progress of science (immunology, serology, genetics, cytogenetics, genetic engineering, etc.) and the use of their discoveries in broadly-understood hematology, there has been a spectacular change in the knowledge about blood diseases and prognosis. The spectrum of treatment of chronic diseases has been expanded, improving the quality of patients’ lives, and the diagnostic possibilities have been enlarged. The history of such an important field of medicine has been little studied in Poland. This article aims to justify the need to research the history of Polish hematology.
Taxonomic Revision and Classification of Extant Holococcolithophores Previously Placed in the Genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne 1991
Authors: Archontikis Odysseas A. , Young Jeremy R. , Cros Lluïsa
Published: April 2021

The genus Anthosphaera Kamptner emend. Kleijne is one of the most taxonomically confusing modern coccolithophores and its species level taxonomy has long been in a state of flux. Based on the review of imaged specimens from our collections, we attempt to rectify the nomenclatural problems and elucidate the obfuscated taxonomy of the genus. Review of included formally and informally described species shows that they are a distinctive group with shared characters, including ten different morphotypes of probable species level. Two of these, including the type species A. fragaria, have been shown to form life-cycle associations with heterococcoliths of the Syracosphaera molischii type. Hence, all species are transferred to Syracosphaera and the new combinations S. periperforata, S. lafourcadii, and S. origami are proposed. In addition, various informally described morphotypes are now formally described as Syracosphaera molischii var. pertusa, S. periperforata var. cylindrata, S. periperforata var. tridentata, S. rotaconica, and S. elevata. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0E5D4BD7-BC3B-4D30-B319-964AC887DDDE
La mortelega grande, czyli „wielkie umieranie”. Zaraza jako katastrofa (w) wyobraźni
Authors: Boruszkowska Iwona
Published: April 2021

Artykuł omawia dwa literackie przykłady reprezentacji epidemii: libretto młodopolskiego pisarza i krytyka Karola Irzykowskiego Zaraza w Bergamo (1897) oraz utwór przedstawiciela polskiego futuryzmu – Brunona Jasieńskiego Palę Paryż (1928), które ukazują tendencje do pesymistycznego ujmowania rzeczywistości poprzez metaforę zarazy. Autorka wskazuje, iż zainteresowanie twórców chorobą i epidemią jako tematem literackim powraca w momentach przełomów i kryzysów. Narracje o zarazie, pladze czy innym powszechnym zagrożeniu będą w literaturze modernistycznej i międzywojennej reprezentowały właśnie narracje katastroficzne. Twórczość polskich modernistów i awangardzistów ujmuje bowiem całe spektrum katastroficznych tematów, nawet jeśli katastrofę zawęzić do plagi: morowa zaraza, zadżumione miasta i szalejące śmiertelne grypy goszczą na kartach literatury XIX i XX wieku. La Mortelega Grande or the “Great Mortality:” Pestilence as a Disaster for/in the Imagination The present paper discusses two examples of literary depictions of epidemics: the libretto Zaraza w Bergamo (1897) by Young Poland writer and critic Karol Irzykowski and the novel Palę Paryż (1928) by Polish futurist author Bruno Jasieński, with both works exemplifying the trend to use the metaphor of pestilence to create a pessimistic image of reality. The author points out that interest in disease and epidemic as a literary subject often grows in the times of radical change and crises. The narratives of pestilence, plague or other collective threat in modernist and interwar literature were examples of apocalyptic narratives. The output of Polish modernist and avant-garde writers encompassed the entire spectrum of catastrophic themes, even if the range of disasters was limited only to plagues: the Black Death, cities ravaged by the bubonic plague, and raging epidemics of deathly flu strains frequently featured on the pages of literary works produced in the 19th and the 20th century.
Sonate per uno o due Cembali con il basso cifrato Bernarda Pasquiniego – błaha rozrywka czy kunsztowna szarada?
Authors: Solecka Joanna
Published: April 2021

Sonate per uno o due Cembali con il basso cifrato by Bernardo Pasquini: A Simple Entertainment or an Elaborate Charade? The 14 Sonatas for two harpsichords from Sonate per uno o due Cembali con il basso cifrato by B. Pasquini (British Library of London, position: Ms. Add. 31501, I) are unique examples of double partimento. So far, not many performers have referred to these works; therefore, they deserve much more attention. Employing contrapunctual techniques in their realisation seems highly interesting. The author describes and provides her own poliphonic realisation of selected pieces from this collection: Sonata II ms. I, II, III; Sonata V m. II; Sonata VII a due m. I; Sonata X a 2 m. II; Sonata XIII a 2 ms. I and II. This material may be an encouragement for farther studies and performance these works. They are worthy to be a part of the widely known performance of these works.
Fizjologia i ergonomia gry na fortepianie
Authors: Tworko Paulina
Published: April 2021

Ergonomics and Physiology of Piano Playing

Much has been said about performance, styles and interpretation. However, we should ask ourselves where they come from, what they depend on, and what factors influence them. The answer is much more complex. This article deals with the problem of piano technique as an element on which interpretation, sound and expression depend to a large extent. The piano is an instrument with incredible tonal possibilities, but it requires fingering skills, the ability to “feel” the key and certain physical strength which is directly related to the technique we use. Achieving a high level in playing requires years of diligent work, perseverance and determination. Technical proficiency, in turn, facilitates the expression and appropriate interpretation, in line with the style of a given musical period and the feelings of the pianist-performer. So we are talking about two things that inexorably influence each other – the workshop and its result, the hape of latter depends largely on the first. This article deepens the knowledge of piano workshop so that in the end nothing comes in the way between performers, listeners and music.
The Role of Social Media in Purchasing Behaviour of Young Digital Customers in Poland
Authors: Le Viet-Błaszczyk Milena , Lerman Juliusz
Published: April 2021

Background. The dynamically developing technology and changing system of interpersonal communication has modified the customers’ approach to the process of making purchasing decisions. The literature has even developed the concept of a new customer – a digital one. The market situation forced companies to look for effective modern tools for their marketing communication. One of such tools to reach digital customers is social media.

Research aims. The aim of the article is to indicate the role of social media in the purchasing process of Polish digital customers aged 18–26.

Methodology. The conclusions presented in the article are the result of an analysis of quantitative and qualitative research, which consisted of a survey with 140 respondents and of 6 individual in-depth interviews.

Findings. The conducted research has shown that social media have a significant role in customers’ purchasing decisions. They influence the perception of the brand by customers but also the purchase of specific products. Based on the research results, it can be assumed that SM functionalities that shorten the purchasing process will be developed in the future, and the role of social media in the purchasing process will grow.

JEL Codes: M3, M30, M31, M37.
SOFULAR KÖYÜ (AKSU/ISPARTA) DÜZ DOKUMALARI VE KOMPOZİSYON ANALİZLERİ
Authors: TÜRELİ Erhan
Published: April 2021

Isparta ili XIX. yy’ dan başlayarak günümüze kadar önemli bir halıcılık merkezi olmuştur. Isparta il ilçe ve köylerinde özellikle kış aylarında dokumacılık yapılmıştır. Yörük kültürünün devam ettiği Aksu ilçesi Sofular köyü de, düz dokumaları ile adını duyuran önemli bir dokuma merkezlerinden biridir. Bu nedenle araştırma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Araştırma, geçmişten günümüze gelebilen düz dokumaları tespit etmek, resimlemek, teknik ve kompozisyon özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla kurgulanmıştır. Araştırma ve incelemeler sonucunda Sofular köyünde günümüze gelebilen 40 adet düz dokuma tespit edilmiştir. Ancak bu çalışmada 14 adedine yer verilmiştir. Araştırmada, yöreye ait bu düz dokumaların günümüzdeki durumu, dokuma tekniği, kullanılan araç ve gereçler, teknik özellikleri ile renk, motif ve desen özelliklerinin yer aldığı bir katalog oluşturulmuştur.
A PROPOSED ARCHIVAL EMPIRICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TO TEST RELIABITIY AND VALIDITY OF DISCOUNTED RESIDUAL INCOME MODEL
Authors: Liu Min Shirley
Published: April 2021

Kerlinger and Lee (2000) defines reliability as “the proportion of the ‘true’ variance to the total obtained variance of the data yielded by a measuring instrument” and content validity as “representativeness or sampling adequacy of the content—the substance, the matter, the topic of measuring instrument”. The goal of this research is to provide an empirical research method to quantify the reliability and validity of residual income model in the prediction of the value of equity (stock price), by proposing to compare all active U.S. firms from 1981 to 2005 traded in the NYSE and the AMEX (the time period and listed stocks are subject to change based upon the availability of data from different sources).
JEL Classification Codes: G10, G17, M41, Z10.
THE SPILLOVER OF THE COFFEE: MATERIAL MISSTATEMENTS AT (UN) LUCKIN COFFEE INC.
Authors: Kukreja Gagan
Published: April 2021

The research investigates alleged material misstatements in the financials of Luckin Coffee, a Chinese company listed in NASDAQ. The research is exploratory and based on publicly available information. The financial data has been obtained from their quarterly and annual reports submitted to Securities and Exchange Commission. The research shows the alleged corruption by inflating sales and profits by C-suite executives of the company. Nevertheless, before doing so, what failures in corporate governance led to this crisis? The admission of such material misstatements resulted in a massive loss to the investors and shaken the investment community’s trust once again. The research tried to determine what kind of audit procedures should have been implemented to earlier detection of fraud? What should have been done to protect stakeholders? What extra measures should the U.S. stock exchange take into consideration before listing foreign companies? What kind of ethical standards must be taught to the students/future executives to avoid such material misstatements? How can accounting bodies address such material misstatements? How can audit procedures be improved? This research will facilitate the policymakers, accounting and auditing regulators, board and various other stakeholders to deter, detect and mitigate such financial material misstatements and offers recommendations.

JEL Classification Codes: M41, M42, M48, M148.
The Hagia Sophia and the Other Turkish Locations in Agatha Christie’s “Murder On the Orient Express”
Authors: Bastan Ajda
Published: April 2021

British author Agatha Christie, who is one of the best-selling novelists in world literature, is the pioneering figure of detective fiction. Christie, the queen of mystery, wrote about eighty novels during her life. A great number of the author’s books were also adapted into movies. Viewed as one of Agatha Christie's most noteworthy accomplishments, the novel Murder on the Orient Express was released in 1934. It is highly believed that Agatha Christie wrote this novel during her long stays in Istanbul. The story is about a Belgian detective investigating a crime that occurred on the train. In Murder on the Orient Express many places and locations related to Turkey are mentioned. These are the Sainte Sophie (Hagia Sophia), the Orient Express, the Taurus Express, Nissibin, the Cilician Gates, Istanbul, Konya, The Bosporus, the Galata Bridge, The Tokatlian Hotel, Smyrna, Taurus and Hayda-passar. The novel starts with the completion of Hercule Poirot's investigation in Syria at the Aleppo train station. Poirot goes to Istanbul via the Taurus Express, where he wants to take the Orient Express to London. In fact, Poirot wants to make a few days’ holiday in Istanbul and visit Hagia Sophia.
Comparison of body dimensions between normal and double muscled Senepol heifers
Authors: Sánchez Héctor , Domenech Katherine , Rivera Gerardo , Pagán Melvin , Casas Américo , Randel Paul F. , Muñiz Gladycia
Published: April 2021

Different body dimensions were compared between 16 normally muscled (NM) and 16 heterocygous double muscled (DM) Senepol heifers. Body weight (BW), withers height (WH), hip height (HH), thorarcic perimeter (TP), barrel (BA), shoulder to pin bone distance (SPD), and the internal pelvic width (PW), height (PH), and area (PA) were recorded in each heifer. Also included were the relationships of BW/body dimensions, except for dimensions PW and PH. Data were analyzed by the GLIMMIX and CORR procedures of SAS. The respective genotypes MN and DM did not differ (P>0.10) in BW (415 and 434 kg), WH (both 113 cm), HH (both 120 cm), TP (both 175 cm), B A (209 and 214 cm), B W/B A (1.99 and 2.03 kg/cm), SPD (both 147 cm), PW (both 13 cm), PA (212 and 220 cm2), and BW/PA (1.96 and 1.98 kg/cm2). However, DM heifers tended to present (P<0.10) higher values than NM heifers for BW/WH, BW/HH, BW/SPD, and PH by margins of 0.14 kg/cm, 0.15 kg/cm, 0.12 kg/cm, and 0.59 cm, respectively. Moreover, the BW/TP value was 0.09 kg/cm greater (P<0.05) in the DM than in NM heifers. The correlations between different pairs of body dimensions were lower in the DM than in the NM heifers. These results suggest that the enhanced musculature visually observed in DM heifers must be accompanied by hypotrophy of other body organs and tissues, but not including the pelvic region. This compensatory effect minimizes the posibility of observing differences in body dimensions in vivo between DM and NM heifers.
Pharmaceutical care journey: Final-year pharmacy students’ experiences of the hospital-based clinical pharmacy clerkship programme in north- east Nigeria
Authors: Okoro Roland N , Ohieku John David , Yakubu Sani Ibn
Published: April 2021

Context: Pharmacy students need pracKcal clinical knowledge and skills to be able to provide effecKve pharmaceuKcal care aOer graduaKon. To achieve this, pharmacy students need an effecKve clinical clerkship programme.
Aims: To assess final-year pharmacy students’ preparedness, expectaKons, and experiences of a hospital-based clinical pharmacy clerkship (CPC) programme.
Methods: A pre-post, qualitaKve study involving focus groups was conducted in a Nigerian university. All final-year Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm.) students of the 2019 academic year (October 2018 to June 2019) who enrolled for the CPC course parKcipated in the study.
Results: The prevailing themes idenKfied were: theme one (level of preparedness and hospital environment), theme two (integraKon of knowledge and applicaKon to paKent care), theme three (inter-professional relaKonships and professional idenKty), and theme four (challenges and recommendaKons).
Conclusions: This study shows that B.Pharm. students exhibited a high level of preparedness and expectaKons prior to commencement of the CPC. They also had unsaKsfactory experiences during the CPC due to various challenges and unmet expectaKons mainly in terms of inter-professional relaKonships and the role of pharmacists in the healthcare team.
Soil application of fungicides affects nutrient dynamics in ‘Blood Red’ sweet orange
Authors: Saleem Basharat Ali , Nawaz Muhammad Azher , Maqbool Mehdi , Ahmed Waqar
Published: April 2021

Infected and damaged root system of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck L.) budded on rough lemon (Citrus jambheri Lush.) in Punjab-Pakistan has been suspected to affect nutrient uptake due to rootstock susceptibility to soil born fungal diseases. The experiment was performed on 12-15 years old ‘Blood Red’ sweet orange ‘Blood Red’) trees of uniform size and vigour at the Fruit Garden Sq. 9, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. This study was conducted for consecutive two years. The objective of the research was to introduce sweet oranges in the main streamline of the citrus industry by improving their root health through fungicides treatments ultimately enhancing mineral nutrient uptake from the soil. The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated thrice, taking a single tree as a treatment unit. The fungicides used in the experiment were Metalaxyl Mencozeb (Ridomil Gold), Fosetyl-Al (Alliette) and copper sulphate (CuSO4), in different combinations. Nutritional status of tree leaf macronutrients (N, P and K) and micronutrients (Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) during flowering and final fruit set was evaluated at fortnight intervals with respect to different treatments. The different treatments enhanced nutrient uptake through roots and improved health and vigour of trees. It was more evident from the improvement of fruit quality and yield of treated trees compared with control. Although fungal analysis could not be performed, the improvement in general health and vigour of trees lead to the conclusion that root health was improved substantially. It might be concluded from this study that best orchard management emphasizing improvement in the root health could enhance the yield and quality of sweet oranges.
Genetic Engineering: Issues of Criminal Law Regulation
Authors: Belov Oleg A. , Spiridonova Yuliya N. , Odintsov Aleksandr I.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes modern scientific achievements in the field of genetic research, considers methods of genetic engineering as an integral part of modern biomedicine, and the issues of human cloning. We examine the differences between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning, emphasizing the importance of the latter for improving human life, fighting various diseases, and so on. However, along with ethical problems, there are also problems in the world of legal regulation of genetic research and manipulation of human genes. We touch upon the problems of legal regulation of genome research and human cloning in foreign countries and in the Russian Federation, and, above all, the problems of criminal law regulation of genetic engineering. Based on a comparative analysis of international legal acts, national legislation of a number of countries and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, we conclude that there is insufficient legal regulation of issues related to genetic research in Russia, and, supporting the opinion of a number of scientists, we propose to introduce a number of norms in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on criminal liability for socially dangerous behavior in the field of modern methods of biotechnology, genetic engineering, and human cloning.

Key words: gene; genetic research; genetic engineering; methods of genetic engineering; DNA; human cloning; criminal law regulation.
On the Need to Develop Professional Competences in Criminal Procedure and Criminalistics in Corrections Officers of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Authors: Shatalov Aleksandr S. , Akchurin Aleksandr V.
Published: April 2021

The paper substantiates the idea that while performing law enforcement functions correctional institutions face the risks of illegal behavior on the part of those individuals who do not want to embark on the path of reformation. The most effective response to the facts of criminal acts committed by convicts is associated with the implementation of the principle of the inevitability of criminal punishment for such behavior. The speed of such a response is of paramount importance and depends on corrections officers themselves. The response can be effective only if officers of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (FSIN Russia) use the full range of procedural and criminalistic tools at their disposal. Based on the analysis of the criminal procedure status of institutions, bodies and officials of FSIN Russia and the content of their functional responsibilities, we make an attempt to find out whether corrections officers need criminalistic knowledge. We identify the main areas in which corrections officers demand criminalistic knowledge. These include: law enforcement (for direct use in the implementation of criminal procedure powers, as well as for indirect use in the implementation of their main activities aimed at the execution of criminal penalties), education (for training personnel for penal institutions and bodies), and research (for further elaboration on the issues related to the investigation of prison offences).

Key words: correctional institutions; criminalistics; convicts; criminal process; prison-related crimes; investigation of crimes; Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.
Problematic Autoethnographic Research: Researcher’s Failure in Positioning
Authors: Shim Ji Young
Published: April 2021

This article problematizes and discusses the “auto”ethnographical approach, which has recently become pervasive in research-oriented writings, to “tell the story of self and subject” in order to analyze wider cultural and social conditions. This method can be found in the remarkable array of a variety of disciplines in which scholars have explicitly and implicitly highlighted identity-related issues. One problem with this approach is its failure to recognize the ideological generalization in identifying the researcher’s position, with the risk of eventually becoming a neutral “truth through the researcher’s reality.” This paper focuses on the crisis between history and memory in contextualizing a researcher’s collective identity, and the crisis between insiderness and outsiderness in research. As a researcher and writer, I apply my examples to the conceptual framework built in this study on the identity crisis of my life, struggles, and conflicts. Considering researchers’ struggles and conflicts in determining self with regard to the identity established in research, my impetus for writing this paper is to provide a roadmap that critically examines the contexts that should be considered when a researcher positions self in the study and writing.
Friends or Strangers? A Feasibility Study of an Innovative Focus Group Methodology
Authors: Jones Chandria , Newsome Jocelyn , Levin Kerry , Wilmot Amanda , McNulty Jennifer , Kline Teresa
Published: April 2021

Focus groups are useful tools for examining perceptions, feelings, and suggestions about topics, products, or issues. Typically, focus groups are held in formal facilities with “strangers” or participants who do not know each other. Recent work suggests that “friendship groups” may provide an innovative alternative for collecting group-level qualitative data. This approach involves recruiting a single “source participant” who hosts a group in his/her home and recruits friends possessing the characteristics desired for the study. In order to examine the feasibility of friendship groups as a defensible research methodology, we conducted a series of four friendship groups as a feasibility study. Our analysis examined data from questionnaires about demographics, levels of acquaintanceship, and experience taking part in the group; transcripts; observational data; and the time and costs for recruiting. Using these data, we examined group dynamics, implementation issues, and recruitment time and costs. Based on these analyses, our study determined that friendship groups have the potential to be a viable and cost-effective method of qualitative inquiry.
Listening to Juvenile Corrections School Teachers: A Step-By-Step Process for Interview Studies Guided by Hermeneutics
Authors: Murphy Kristin
Published: April 2021

The act of interviewing is a complex endeavor, and there are many pathways a researcher can take when designing their interview study. This becomes particularly critical when embarking on a study that will require participants to talk about subjects that may be sensitive in nature. In this paper, I share how I utilized a hermeneutic perspective to guide my interview study with teachers from juvenile corrections schools. I explicitly define and walk through why I selected hermeneutics. Then, I provide detailed step by step descriptions of how my data collection and analysis process was informed by the hermeneutic circle. The process is illuminated through the inclusion of findings from one juvenile corrections school teacher.
Handling Spiritual Resources at Work: An Autoethnographic Inquiry
Authors: Vasconcelos Anselmo
Published: April 2021

This study draws upon some particular dimensions of spirituality in the workplace such as insight, intuition, wisdom, respect, love, humility, courage, ethics, optimism, the other, and sense of purpose. Through an autoethnographic inquiry it describes my personal spiritual journey at work, that is, my own experiences, reflections, understanding, viewpoints, and memories regarding those constructs as a framework. In hindsight, I explore a certain period of my professional life when I was very young and working for a multinational company, which was under permanent change in order to adapt and survive in the hypercompetitive and turbulent Brazilian market. By drawing on a researcher that is researched approach, I can see the transcendental meaning (nexus) of those episodes in my career. Hence, I further developed resilience, patience, leadership, spirituality, self-reflection and self-introspection capabilities. I could better understand the other perspective, particularly the human sins, vices, emotions, and virtues. I also argue that religious faith and spirituality knowledge dovetails perfectly well in the workplace. Further, this study provides consistent evidence of suitable usage of these resources.
Sisters in the Sacred Grove: Catholic Women Religious as Faculty Members at Public Universities
Authors: Delmas Peggy , Ivankova Nataliya
Published: April 2021

This study addresses the lack of scholarly attention focused on educational contributions of Catholic women religious educators. Using a qualitative multiple case study, this research describes the academic experiences of Catholic sisters, or women religious, serving as faculty at public universities in the South. The study highlights issues related to gender, religious identity, environment, relationships, and experiences and perceptions of others as they pertain to the academic experiences of Catholic women religious. Implications of the study point to an underutilization of the outsider perspective which could potentially benefit the academy, as well as the need for diversity training in the academy. The study expands the knowledge base for subsequent research in the areas of Catholic women religious faculty members in higher education and religious identity of faculty members in higher education.
The Preparation and Education of First-Year Teachers: A Case Study
Authors: Tygret Jennifer
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this case study was to provide a policy analysis of the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP) standard that requires teacher preparation programs to follow their recent graduates during their first years of teaching to demonstrate their positive impact on student growth, satisfaction with their preparation, and effective teaching practices. Using the Colorado Teacher Quality Standards as a conceptual framework, this qualitative study used interviews and observations at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year to discover five first-year teachers’ perceptions of their preparation, needs, level of confidence in all areas of teaching, and the ways in which they could have been better or more prepared for the classroom. Their annual teacher evaluations provided insight to their evidence of effective teaching and impact on student growth. Overall, the first-year teachers felt prepared for their first year of teaching and demonstrated effective teaching strategies, but they needed more training on meeting the needs of students with diverse abilities, as well as how to successfully implement curriculum. Their greatest success during the year was experiencing student growth.
Applying a Total Quality Framework to Qualitative Research Design: A Review
Authors: Boros Paula
Published: April 2021

In Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach, Margaret R. Roller and Paul J. Lavrakas present their Total Quality Framework (TQF) designed to help researchers understand qualitative research is required to be creditable, analyzable, transparent, and useful. The authors show how qualitative researchers can utilize these four TQR fundamental elements to identify strengths and limitations of their qualitative methods and design process.
On Time Well Spent: A Review of Helen Kara’s Research and Evaluation for Busy Students and Practitioners
Authors: Fitzsimmons Stephanie
Published: April 2021

We all have those moments when we are assigned a new project or research assignment where we think, “Oh my goodness, I don’t even know where to start.” I wish I had this book 20 years ago to guide me through internal conversations and shed light on the research process. Kara weaves the conversation, not only from her perspective and experience but also of others who shared their thoughts and experiences. The book through stories, experiences, and tips creates a virtual friend that acts as a safe place to ask questions and see how others handled certain situations. As a full-time working mom and doctoral student, this book provided me with good nuggets of information that I can immediately apply.