bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corneal Higher Order Aberrations After Myopic Wavefront-optimized Ablation
Authors: Smadja David , Santhiago Marcony R. , Mello Glauco R. , Touboul David , Mrochen Michael , Krueger Ronald R.
Published: January 2013

PURPOSE:

To analyze the induced corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs) after wavefront-optimized ablation.

METHODS:

Sixty-four myopic eyes that underwent wavefront-optimized myopic LASIK were divided into three groups based on spherical equivalent (SE): low myopia group (23 eyes with SE <−3.00 diopters [D]); moderate myopia group (27 eyes with SE between −3.00 and −6.00 D); and high myopia group (14 eyes with SE >−6.00 D). Total corneal HOA, corneal spherical aberrations, corneal coma through a 6-mm pupil size, and corneal eccentricity were measured with a dual Scheimpflug imaging device preoperatively and 3 months after surgery.

RESULTS:

An overall increase in total corneal HOA was observed with a mean of 0.18±0.18 μm (
P
<.01), although this induction was not statistically significant in the low myopic group with a mean of 0.006±0.15 μm (
P
=.85). Root-mean-square spherical aberration varied the most after myopic ablation, with an overall induction of positive spherical aberration of 0.27±0.25 μm (
P
<.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although the wavefront-optimized profile was designed to preserve the preoperative HOAs of the total eye, a significant induction of the corneal HOAs after myopic treatment was observed. The magnitude of the induced corneal HOA was related to the amount of intended correction. Corneal wavefront profiles do not reflect the visual performance; however, they provide relevant information, which may help in optimizing new laser treatment algorithms.
Electronic Test or Printed Exercise Book? Which Individual Mode of Preparation is More Effective?
Authors: Czenky Márta Erzsébet
Published: January 2013

At Szent István University we teach database management in the framework of several subjects. For preparation for the data modeling exam students of one of these courses prepared with help the electronic tests of Moodle e-learning education system, while the attendees of the other course used printed data modeling exercise book, we wrote him based on the inspiration of studentsâ?? demand. With examinations based upon statistical methods we looked for an answer to see whether one of the preparation methods yield significantly better results. We analyzed whether there is any remarkable difference between the advantages and disadvantages of the two ways of preparation. We made a survey among students to see which of the preparation methods is favored by them. Based on the outcome of the analysis we are going to decide which one of preparation methods will be recommended by us as teachers.
To Infinity and Beyond – Are Innovation Contests at Austrian Technical Colleges the Right Tool to Stimulate the Creative and Technical Potential of the Country?
Authors: Zafoschnig Axel
Published: January 2013

Nowadays, creativity as it is applied for finding new technologies and making new inventions, is characterised by new unorthodox aspects of and approaches to problem solving. At the same time, innovation uses new scientific, technical and cultural elements to sustainably change the social structure of society. However, creative and innovative ideas are not affluent or ever-lasting resources. They need to be stimulated, elicited and put into realisation. This has to be done through expensive research and development cam-paigns, but may also be achieved at a lower level, namely, for example, at Austrian Technical Colleges. There, students are often encouraged to submit their diploma thesis projects in national and regional competitions and have recently proved to be very successful.
Stoichiometry in Context: Inquiry-Guided Problems of Chemistry for Encouraging Critical Thinking in Engineering Students
Authors: Pinto Gabriel , Prolongo María Luisa
Published: January 2013

This paper focuses on examples of educational tools concerning the learning of chemistry for engineering students through different daily life cases. These tools were developed during the past few years for enhancing the active role of students. They refer to cases about mineral water, medicaments, dentifrices and informative panels about solar power, where an adequate quantitative treatment through stoichiometry calculations allows the interpretation of data and values announced by manufacturers. These cases were developed in the context of an inquiry-guided instruction model. By bringing tangible chemistry examples into the classroom we provide an opportunity for engineering students to apply this science to familiar products in hopes that they will appreciate chemistry more, will be motivated to study concepts in greater detail, and will connect the relevance of chemistry to everyday life.
E-Government
Authors: Sagheb-Tehrani Mehdi
Published: January 2013

Some state, national, and local governments around the world have long played active roles in the use of Information Technologies (IT) to stimulate economic development. Electronic government utilizes information technology to provide the citizenry access to a wide range of public services. Governments in many countries around the world indeed perceive IT as a way to improve the quality of life of their citizens. Today, governments at all levels respond to millions of citizen demands electronically. Many public organizations are implementing Electronic Government (e-Government) projects. There is a need to put forward a conceptual model focusing on steps towards implementing more successful e-Government projects. This chapter argues that several key success factors are appropriate for e-Government project implementation. About twelve e-Government websites are examined upon those key success factors. This chapter puts forward a conceptual model for a better implementation of electronic government.
Successfully Applying “e” to Governance
Authors: Mantzari Evangelia , Hatzipanagiotou Evanthia
Published: January 2013

The challenge of better public service offering and the expectations of modern citizens and businesses, as well as the poor past practices of public organizations, bring forward the need to design and implement new systems. These systems are based on current information and communication technologies and are points of reference on the path towards e-government “enlightenment.” However, the transition from the traditional processes to the modern ones can be long and strenuous, if relevant projects are not carefully implemented. Therefore, in order to successfully apply electronic practices and methods to public systems of governance, a step-wise approach needs to be formulated starting from traditional standards, leading to transitional procedures, and finally achieving simplification and increased quality of public service by exploiting previous experiences, overcoming past limitations, and applying the lessons learned.
Support Vector Machine Based Mobile Robot Motion Control and Obstacle Avoidance
Authors: Jiang Lihua , Deng Mingcong
Published: January 2013

Considering the noise effect during the navigation of a two wheeled mobile robot, SVM and LS-SVM based control schemes are discussed under the measured information with uncertainty, and in the different environments. The noise effect is defined as uncertainty in the measured data. One of them focuses on using a potential function and constructing a plane surface for avoiding the local minima in the static environments, where the controller is based on Lyapunov function candidate. Another one addresses to use a potential function and to define a new detouring virtual force for escaping from the local minima in the dynamic environments. Stability of the control system can be guaranteed. However, the motion control of the mobile robot would be affected by the noise effect. The SVM and LS-SVM for function estimation are used for estimating the parameter in the proposed controllers. With the estimated parameter, the noise effect during the navigation of the mobile robot can be reduced.
Learning a Lightweight Ontology for Semantic Retrieval in Patient-Centered Information Systems
Authors: Reimer Ulrich , Maier Edith , Streit Stephan , Diggelmann Thomas , Hoffleisch Manfred
Published: January 2013

The paper introduces a web-based eHealth platform currently being developed that will assist patients with certain chronic diseases. The ultimate aim is behavioral change. This is supported by online assessment and feedback which visualizes actual behavior in relation to target behavior. Disease-specific information is provided through an information portal that utilizes lightweight ontologies (associative networks) in combination with text mining. The paper argues that classical word-based information retrieval is often not sufficient for providing patients with relevant information, but that their information needs are better addressed by concept-based retrieval. The focus of the paper is on the semantic retrieval component and the learning of a lightweight ontology from text documents, which is achieved by using a biologically inspired neural network. The paper concludes with preliminary results of the evaluation of the proposed approach in comparison with traditional approaches.
A Survey of Trust Use and Modeling in Real Online Systems
Authors: Massa Paolo
Published: January 2013

This chapter discusses the concept of trust and how trust is used and modeled in online systems currently available on the Web or on the Internet. It starts by describing the concept of information overload and introducing trust as a possible and powerful way to deal with it. It then provides a classification of the systems that currently use trust and, for each category, presents the most representative examples. In these systems, trust is considered as the judgment expressed by one user about another user, often directly and explicitly, sometimes indirectly through an evaluation of the artifacts produced by that user or his/her activity on the system. We hence use the term “trust” to indicate different types of social relationships between two users, such as friendship, appreciation, and interest. These trust relationships are used by the systems in order to infer some measure of importance about the different users and influence their visibility on the system. We conclude with an overview of the open and interesting challenges for online systems that use and model trust information.
The relationship between organisational trust and quality of work life
Authors: Van der Berg Yolandi , Martins Nico
Published: January 2013

Orientation: Managers within organisations should be more attentive regarding their managerial practices, the quality of work life (QWL) and trust relationships, as experienced by employees.Research purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between organisational trust and QWL.Motivation for the study: Recent organisational changes have refocused attention on the productivity and performance of sales representatives. These changes have brought about a re-evaluation of their QWL and the organisational trust they experience.Research design, approach and method: An Internet-based survey methodology was used to collect primary data from a probability sample of 282 sales representatives; a 72% response rate was obtained. Responses were analysed using quantitative techniques and structural equation modelling.Main findings: Results confirmed a positive relationship between managerial practices with organisational trust and QWL and a lower relationship between the personality dimensions, organisational trust and the QWL.Practical/managerial implications: The study accentuated how important it is for management to be constantly aware of employees’ trust and their experience of a QWL, as these factors can lead to severe consequences if not properly managed.Contribution/value add: The study focused attention on the importance of building good trust relationships within an organisation, as it seems as though the personality traits and managerial practices of managers influence not only the trust relationship experienced by employees, but also their experience of a QWL.
Prepping, another cause for diversion of opioids
Authors: Kunkel, MD Frank A. , Ahrendt Isabel
Published: January 2013

No abstract
Clinical effectiveness and safety of OROS® hydromorphone in breakthrough cancer pain treatment: A multicenter, prospective, open-label study in Korean patients
Authors: Lee, MD Kyung Hee , Kim, MD Min Kyoung , Soo Hyun, MD Myung , Kim, MD Jin Young , Park, MD Keon Uk , Song, MD, PhD Hong Suk , Lee, MD Sun Ah , Lee, MD Won Sik , Bae, MD Sung Hwa , Ryoo, MD Hun Mo , Cho, MD Yoon Young
Published: January 2013

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of OROS® hydromorphone in reducing breakthrough pain (BTP) medication frequency in Korean patients with chronic cancer pain.Settings and Design: Multicenter, prospective, open-label, phase IV study.Participants: Patients with chronic malignant pain using immediate-release oxycodone more than two times per day for BTP.Interventions: Patients were stabilized on their ongoing drug for 3 days immediately before baseline measurements (day 0). Medication was changed to OROS® hydromorphone at a dose equianalgesic to oxycodone using a 2.5:1 controlledrelease oxycodone to hydromorphone hydrochloride conversion ratio; the patients were observed for 7 days. Dose was titrated, if required, and the patients were observed for another 7 days. Effectiveness and safety parameters were measured at baseline, day 7, and day 14. Main Outcomes: BTP medication frequency on days 7 and 14, compared to baseline.Results: Of the 141 patients screened, 114 received study drug and 98 completed the study. Compared to day 0, daily BTP medication frequency on day 14 decreased from 2.93 to 2.00 (p < 0.0001), daily BTP frequency decreased from 3.67 to 2.44 (p < 0.0001), and end-of-dose pain frequency decreased by 44 percent. Pain was controlled adequately during daytime and night-time. Pain intensity decreased by 11 percent as assessed using the Korean Brief Pain Inventory and by 17 percent as assessed using the numerical rating scale. About 61.2 percent patients and 60.2 percent physicians were satisfied with the treatment. Common adverse events, which occurred in 91.2 percent patients, were constipation, somnolence, and dizziness.Conclusion: Once-daily OROS® hydromorphone is efficient in the reduction of cancer pain-related BTP episodes, including end-of-dose pain.
The close interaction between medications used for pain management and thyroid function
Authors: Kapoor, MD Shailendra
Published: January 2013

No abstract
Safety and tolerability of OROS® hydromorphone ER in adults with chronic noncancer and cancer pain: Pooled analysis of 13 studies
Authors: Hale, MD Martin E. , Wallace, MD Mark S. , Taylor, MD Donald R. , Kutch, MS Michael , Nalamachu, MD Srinivas
Published: January 2013

Objective: This analysis was designed to assess the pooled safety and tolerability of once-daily hydromorphone extended release (ER) (OROS® hydromorphone ER) in opioid-naïve and opioid-tolerant patients with chronic cancer or noncancer pain.Design: Safety results were pooled from 13 controlled and uncontrolled clinical studies, with varying approaches to dosing and titration, pain etiology, and duration of exposure.Patients and interventions: Of the 3,075 patients in the pooled population, 2,335 (76 percent) received at least one dose of OROS hydromorphone ER, with a duration of dosing of up to 1.5 years; 420 patients were treated for at least 6 months and 141 for longer than 1 year.Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the occurrence of adverse events (AEs). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the incidence of AEs in the overall population as well as according to baseline characteristics.Results: Overall AE incidence with OROS hydromorphone ER treatment was 80.5 percent (1,880/2,335 patients). The most common treatment-related AEs were constipation (28.9 percent, 674 patients) and nausea (22.7 percent, 529 patients), and most cases were mild to moderate in severity. The incidence of overall AEs did not undergo a notable change over time. Opioid-related AEs were higher in patients ≥65 years of age, female patients, and opioid-naïve patients. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported by 10.2 percent (239) of patients. A total of 64 deaths occurred, none of which were considered related to OROS hydromorphone ER treatment.Conclusions: OROS hydromorphone was generally well tolerated in short- and long-term studies and demonstrated a consistent AE profile over time.
Assessing subjective and physiologic effects following intranasal administration of a new formulation of immediate release oxycodone HCl (Oxecta™) tablets in nondependent recreational opioid users
Authors: Schoedel, PhD Kerri A. , Rolleri, PharmD Robert L. , Faulknor, MD, CCFP Janice Y. , Pixton, MS Glenn C. , Chen, PhD Nancy , Bass, PharmD Almasa , Sommerville, MD Kenneth W. , Sellers, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FACP Edward
Published: January 2013

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects (subjective and physiologic) of a new formulation of immediate release oxycodone HCl (IRO-A; Oxecta™) tablets compared with immediate release oxycodone HCl (IRO; Roxicodone®) tablets when crushed and administered intranasally to nondependent recreational opioid users.Design: Single-center, single-dose, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled two-way crossover study.Setting: Inpatient Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Toronto, Canada. Participants: Nondependent, recreational opioid users aged 18-55 years.Interventions: Subjects able to discriminate intranasally administered crushed IRO from placebo were randomized to receive 15 mg crushed IRO-A and crushed IRO in crossover fashion in treatment phase.Main outcome measures: Primary subjective endpoints were maximum effect (Emax) for Drug Liking and effect at 8 hours (E8h) postdose for Take Drug Again and Overall Drug Liking. All were assessed using bipolar 0-100 visual analog scale (VAS; 50 points = neutral). Secondary pharmacodynamic endpoints included other VAS endpoints, pupillometry, and subject-rated scales for nasal effects.Results: Forty subjects were randomized to treatment; 39 were evaluable, one subject was excluded for postdose vomiting. Subjects were mostly male (80 percent) and White (75 percent). Least squares mean Drug Liking VAS Emax (70.8 vs 93.5), Overall Drug Liking E8h (47.8 vs 87.4), and Take Drug Again E8h (45.9 vs 91.3) were significantly lower for crushed IRO-A vs IRO (all p < 0.0001). A significant sequence effect was found, but lower liking of IRO-A was observed for both treatment sequence groups. Pupillary responses between treatments were similar overall, but differences were noted for some endpoints/time points. Adverse events common to opioids were observed with both treatments. Subjects experienced more nasal-related symptoms with IRO-A.Conclusions: Crushed IRO-A tablets demonstrated lower scores on “drug liking,” “overall drug liking,” and “take drug again” than crushed IRO when administered intranasally to nondependent recreational opioid users.
Estimate of surface direct radiative forcing of desert dust from atmospheric modulation of the aerosol optical depth
Authors: di Sarra A. , Fuà D. , Meloni D.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Measurements carried out on the island of Lampedusa, in the central Mediterranean, on 7 September 2005, show the occurrence of a quasi periodic oscillation of aerosol optical depth, column water vapour, and surface irradiance in different spectral bands. The oscillation has a period of about 13 min and is attributed to the propagation of a gravity wave able to modify the vertical structure of the planetary boundary layer. The wave occurred during an event of Saharan dust at Lampedusa. The oscillation amplitude is about 0.1 for the aerosol optical depth, and about 0.4 cm for the column water vapour. The modulation of the downward surface irradiances is in opposition of phase with respect to aerosol optical depth and water vapour column variations. The perturbation to the downward irradiance produced by the aerosols is determined by comparing the measured irradiances with estimated irradiances at a fixed value of the aerosol optical depth, and by correcting for the effect of the water vapour in the shortwave spectral range. The direct radiative forcing efficiency, i.e. the radiative perturbation to the net surface irradiance produced by a unit optical depth aerosol layer, is determined at different solar zenith angles as the slope of the irradiance perturbation versus the aerosol optical depth. The estimated direct surface forcing efficiency at 60° solar zenith angle is −(181 ± 17) W m−2 in the shortwave, and −(83 ± 7) W m−2 in the photosynthetic spectral range. The estimated daily average forcing efficiencies are of about −79 and −46 W m−2 for the shortwave and photosynthetic spectral range, respectively.
E pluribus unum: ensemble air quality predictions
Authors: Galmarini S. , Kioutsioukis I. , Solazzo E.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. In this study we present a novel approach for improving the air quality predictions using an ensemble of air quality models generated in the context of AQMEII (Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative). The development of the forecasting method makes use of modeled and observed time series (either spatially aggregated or relative to single monitoring stations) of ozone concentrations over different areas of Europe and North America. The technique considers the underlying forcing mechanisms on ozone by means of spectrally decomposed previsions. With the use of diverse applications we demonstrate how the approach screens the ensemble members, extracts the best components and generates bias-free forecasts with improved accuracy over the candidate models. Compared to more traditional forecasting methods such as the ensemble median, the approach reduces the forecast error and at the same time it clearly improves the modelled variance. Furthermore, the result is not a mere statistical outcome depended on the quality of the selected members. The few individual cases with degraded performance are also identified and analyzed. Finally, we show the extensions of the approach to other pollutants, specifically particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, and provide a framework for its operational implementation.
Eddy measurements, coastal turbulence and statistics in the gulf of Lions
Authors: Redondo J. M. , Matulka A. , Platonov A. , Sekula E. , Fraunie P.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The advances in radar sensors may be applied to study the flow in the Region of Fresh Water Influence (ROFI) region of the ocean. The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a useful tool that may be used to study both marine water dynamics and its pollution. Oil spills and natural slicks may be detected and processed with advanced computer techniques to reveal vortex dynamics and turbulence spectral characteristics of the complex eddy and current interaction in the ocean surface, more than 300 SAR images of the North-west Mediterranean Sea area taken between December 1996 and December 1998 were analyzed. A total of 255 eddies were detected under convenient environmental conditions and we analyzed statistically the appearance, size, shape and position of vortices in the test area. We find that the maximum size of the eddies detected near the coast is limited by the Rossby deformation radius and that there is a decrease in size in the coastal waters in the direction of the Liguro-Provenzal current with the largest eddies occurring near the cape of Rosas. Near the Rhone and Ebro rivers, high discharges also contribute to eddy forcing, coastal radar measurements confirm the SAR observations. The role of submarine canyons in the vortex generation is also confirmed due to the asymmetry of their distribution with respect to the thalwegs. It is demonstrated that useful information of a geometrical nature obtained by SAR satellite images may be used to estimate relevant dynamical parameters of coastal flows.
From Psychoanalysis to Politics. Antigone as a Revolutionary in Judith Butler and Slavoj Žižek
Authors: De Sanctis Sarah
Published: January 2013

In this paper I will analyse two contemporary readings of Sophocle's Antigone: the one proposed by Judith Butler in the influential Antigone's Claim (2000) and the response to it by Slavoj Žižek in Interrogating the Real (2005), Welcome to the Desert of the Real (2002) and other works. Both readings stem from a psychoanalytical (Lacanian) approach in order to face social and political issues. After providing the reader with an investigation of Butler's and Žižek's interpretations, I will draw a comparison of the two, showing that, for both, Antigone is a revolutionary figure that challenges the established social order.
The Brave Little Toaster from Print to Film: Obsolescent Appliances and Capitalist Allegories
Authors: Stetz Margaret
Published: January 2013

In The Brave Little Toaster (1980), a tale of household appliances confronting and resisting obsolescence, Thomas M. Disch warns audiences against mistaking his anthropomorphic creations for images of themselves. It proves impossible nonetheless for those who read this comic fable or who see the later animated film adapted from it to avoid this temptation, for both works are allegories of the plight of industrial labour under late-twentieth-century capitalism. But while Disch’s narrative emphasises the importance of the solidarity among workers, the Disney Studio’s cinematic version instead teaches young viewers to trust their ‘masters’—a dangerous lesson in passivity.
Diagnosing Influenza for Research
Authors: Warren-Gash Charlotte
Published: January 2013

The impact of influenza on the global burden of illness and mortality has been recognised for centuries. In Dublin in 1837 Robert Graves attempted the first quantification of influenza-attributed mortality by counting new graves in the church cemetery following a severe influenza epidemic and comparing this number with the count from the previous year (Evans and Kaslow 1997: 474). Today a robust evidence base is essential to underpin clinical and public health policies to combat influenza.
Suerte de Banderillas
Authors: Hills Charlotte
Published: January 2013

Taken during the annual bull fight in Cordoba, Spain. This is one of the earliest stages of the bullfight, when the matadors are trying to disorientate and distract the bull with their multi-colored capes. When the bull is finally in the correct position, a single matador will insert around six narrow blades into its back to tranquilise it further.
Dermatite vesicante pelo Paederus sp.: relato de 19 casos em Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Fonseca Janaina Molinari Veloso , Oliveira Catarina Maria Nogueira de , Peluzio Robson José Esteves , Zanúncio José Cola , Fiorezi Janaina Maria Setto
Published: January 2013

A ocupação desordenada de ambientes e a sinantropia aumentam os acidentes por artrópodes de importância médica em áreas urbanas. De outubro de 2009 a abril de 2010, após forte calor e chuvas, foram identificados na zona urbana de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 19 casos de dermatite vesicante, com observação de correlação entre as histórias clínico-epidemiológicas, aspectos clinico-morfológicos e evolutivos da dermatite por pederina. Dois coleópteros identificados na Universidade Federal de Viçosa como Paederus sp. foram coletados neste período, embora não correlacionados aos casos. Este relato de caso visa registrar a presença da dermatite vesicante e a ocorrência atípica do agente causticante no município, contribuindo com aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos para o diagnóstico e tratamento desta dermatose.
Aporte e decomposição de serapilheira em áreas de cerradão e mata mesofítica na Estação Ecológica de Pirapitinga – MG
Authors: Giácomo Rômulo Guimarães , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Machado Deivid Lopes
Published: January 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987549O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar os aportes de serapilheira e nutrientes e estimar a velocidade de decomposição da mesma, em áreas de mata mesofítica e cerradão na Estação Ecológica de Pirapitinga. Para a avaliação do aporte de serapilheira e dos nutrientes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente 10 coletores cônicos em uma gleba de 0,1 ha, em cada área de estudo, sendo as avaliações realizadas mensalmente. A decomposição da serapilheira nas áreas de estudo foi avaliada por uso de litter bags. A produção total de serapilheira foi de 2,50 e 2,92 Mg ha-1 ano-1 para as áreas de cerradão e mata mesofítica, respectivamente. A ordem de relevância do aporte de nutrientes foi nitrogênio > potássio > fósforo. A mata mesofítica apresentou distribuição mais homogênea da produção de serapilheira ao longo do ano e maiores valores de aporte total anual de serapilheira e nutrientes, os maiores valores de aporte foram observados na estação seca. O tempo de meia-vida de decomposição das folhas da serapilheira entre as áreas foi equivalente, cerca de 161 dias na área de mata mesofítica e 173 na área de cerradão.
Comportamento fisiológico de sementes de Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. (Anacardiaceae) submetidas a fatores abióticos
Authors: Virgens Ivana Oliveira , Castro Renato Delmondez de , Fernandez Luzimar Gonzaga , Pelacani Claudinéia Regina
Published: January 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987550O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento germinativo de sementes de Myracrodruon urundeuva sob diferentes temperaturas e potenciais hídricos, a combinação destes, assim como a viabilidade das sementes após condicionamento osmótico. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes/tratamento. Foram testadas as temperaturas constantes de 20, 25, 30, 33, 35 e 40 ºC, com as sementes embebidas em água destilada. Em outro ensaio, testou-se os potenciais osmóticos de 0,0 (testemunha); -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,7; -0,8; -0,9; -1,0 e -1,2 MPa, utilizando-se soluções de PEG (6000). A partir desses ensaios estabeleceram-se as temperaturas e os potenciais osmóticos de máxima germinação (temperatura e potencial ótimo), o de 50 % e a de germinabilidade nula. Ao final do ensaio de screening hídrico foi realizada uma averiguação da capacidade germinativa das sementes não germinadas nos potenciais osmótico onde a germinabilidade foi nula. Também foram combinados diferentes temperaturas com diferentes potenciais osmóticos. As sementes de Myracrodruon urundeuva iniciam a germinação em dois dias. Na temperatura de 25 ºC foi obtida a germinação máxima para as sementes da espécie, na de 33 ºC 50 % das sementes germinaram e na de 40 ºC, a germinabilidade foi nula. Com relação à restrição hídrica induzida, -0,2 MPa foi o potencial ótimo de germinabilidade, -0,7 MPa o potencial de 50 % de germinação e a partir de -0,9 Mpa a germinabilidade foi nula. Os potenciais osmóticos de -0,9; -1,0 e -1,2 MPa, podem ser utilizados para condicionamento osmótico desta espécie. As sementes de Myracrodruon urundeuva não toleram os estresses de altas temperaturas e diminuição dos potenciais osmóticos, concomitantemente, uma vez que reduzem a germinabilidade e o vigor das sementes.
Manejo da estrutura diamétrica remanescente de florestas tropicais
Authors: Braz Evaldo Muñoz , Schneider Paulo Renato , Mattos Patrícia Póvoa de , Thaines Fabio , Selle Gerson Luiz , Oliveira Mariana Ferraz de , Oliveira Luis Claudio
Published: January 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987559O incremento de uma floresta sob uma exploração madeireira depende não apenas do ritmo de crescimento das espécies como também da distribuição diamétrica remanescente que deverá permanecer pós corte. O trabalho avaliou, mediante simulação, a estrutura diamétrica remanescente de um talhão de floresta ombrófila no estado do Amazonas, visando à garantia de ter incremento que recupere a extração. A simulação do crescimento da floresta pós-exploração, respeitando a taxa calculada e a estrutura, permitiram um incremento que pode recuperar o volume comercial inicial durante o ciclo considerado (25 anos). Observouse nas simulações que a remoção de todo volume comercial disponível das espécies estudadas impede a recuperação da floresta no ciclo considerado. Observou-se também que as classes diamétricas comerciais remanescentes (acima do centro de classe de 45 cm) são responsáveis por 81 % do incremento necessário para recuperação do volume comercial removido. Identificou-se um ponto ótimo de classe diâmetro a ser mantida na floresta, acima do qual o retorno do volume comercial é nulo. O ponto crucial da recuperação do volume extraído é o potencial de incremento da estrutura que deve permanecer no compartimento.
Condição estrutural de um argissolo no Rio Grande do Sul, em floresta nativa, em pastagem cultivada e em povoamento com eucalipto
Authors: Suzuki Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi Sanches , Lima Cláudia Liane Rodrigues de , Reinert Dalvan José , Reichert José Miguel , Pillon Clênio Nailto
Published: January 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987564Objetivou-se definir limites críticos dos atributos físico-hídricos em áreas sob floresta e pastagem e avaliar a intensidade de compactação desses usos em um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico no Sul do Brasil. Os usos do solo constituíram-se de: Floresta - composta por espécies arbóreas e arbustivas; Pastagem - com cinco anos de idade, constituída de braquiária brizanta (Brachiaria brizantha) consorciada com pensacola (Paspalum lourai) e trevo (Trifolium sp.); Eucalipto 20 - povoamento de Eucalyptus saligna com vinte anos de idade, sendo realizado o preparo convencional do solo para implantação do povoamento; Eucalipto 4,5 - plantio clonal de Eucalyptus saligna conduzido em 2a rotação, com 4,5 anos de idade. Foram avaliadas a condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, a porosidade (macro, micro e total) e a densidade do solo. O eucalipto tem potencial para ser utilizado em áreas de recuperação, sem objetivo comercial. A compactação aumenta a densidade e diminui a macroporosidade e porosidade total do solo até a camada de 0,40 m em eucalipto com fins comerciais e até a camada de 0,10 m em pastagem. Valores baseados em restrições ao crescimento e rendimento de culturas anuais ou no intervalo hídrico ótimo têm potencial para serem utilizados para culturas perenes e pastagem.
Posição da semente na semeadura e tipo de substrato sobre a emergência e crescimento de plântulas de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake
Authors: Martins Cibele Chalita , Borges Anderson da Silva , Pereira Maria Renata Rocha , Lopes Maria Teresa Gomes
Published: January 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987565A germinação rápida e uniforme das sementes, seguida por pronta emergência das plântulas são características altamente desejáveis na formação de mudas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a posição da semente na semeadura e o substrato mais adequado ao processo de germinação e crescimento de plântulas de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar nas seguintes posições em relação ao fundo do sulco no substrato: semente com o hilo voltado para cima, com o hilo voltado para baixo, apoiada sobre uma das faces, semente de lado sobre a espessura e faces paralelas às paredes do saquinho. Os substratos utilizados foram: substrato comercial Plantmax® (testemunha), serragem de pinus e areia. Os tratamentos foram dispostos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4x3 (posições da semente x substrato) com quatro repetições de 20 sementes. Os parâmetros avaliados foram porcentagem de emergência, morte de plântulas após a emergência, primeira contagem, índice de velocidade de emergência e comprimento da parte aérea das plântulas. Conclui-se que todas as posições de semeadura adotadas em substrato serragem de pinus oferecem as condições mais adequadas ao processo de germinação e crescimento de plântulas de Schizolobium parahyba.
Estimativa do volume total de madeira em espécies de eucalipto a partir de imagens de satélite Landsat
Authors: Berra Elias Fernando , Brandelero Catize , Pereira Rudiney Soares , Sebem Elódio , Goergen Laura Camila de Godoy , Benedetti Ana Caroline Paim , Lippert Diogo Belmonte
Published: January 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987566Modelos relacionando respostas espectrais com parâmetros biofísicos visam estimar variáveis, tais como volume de madeira, sem a necessidade de avaliações constantes em campo. Objetivou-se desenvolver modelos estimadores de volume de madeira a partir de imagens TM do Landsat 5, com base em dados de inventário florestal regional. A imagem foi georreferenciada e convertida para imagem reflectância espectral. Em seguida, foram geradas as imagens índice NDVI (índice de vegetação da diferença normalizada) e SR (razão simples). Os valores das reflectâncias das bandas (TM1, TM2, TM3 e TM4) e dos índices (NDVI e SR) foram relacionados com os volumes de madeira. As maiores correlações com volume foram com os índices NDVI e SR. A seleção de variáveis foi feita pelo método Stepwise, o qual retornou três modelos de regressão como significativos para explicar a variação em volume. Por fim, selecionou-se o modelo com melhor ajuste (volume = -830,95 + 46,05 × (SR) + 107,47 × (TM2)), o qual foi aplicado sobre a imagem Landsat onde os pixels passaram a representar o volume estimado em m3/ha nas unidades de produção de Eucalyptus sp. Este modelo, significativo ao nível de 95 % de confiança, explica 68 % da variação de volume de madeira.
Fundamentos e estado da arte da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo no setor de base florestal
Authors: Muñiz Graciela Inês Bolzon de , Magalhães Washington Luiz Esteves , Carneiro Mayara Elita , Viana Lívia Cássia
Published: January 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987567O conhecimento das propriedades da madeira é de fundamental importância para indicação dos potenciais de utilização final deste material. Na busca por novas alternativas para caracterização rápida, simples e confiável, destacam-se as avaliações não destrutivas da madeira. A espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIRS) vem sendo utilizada como método não destrutivo que permite obter informações qualitativas e quantitativas dos constituintes da biomassa através da interação das ondas eletromagnéticas do infravermelho próximo com a amostra. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer uma revisão sobre a técnica da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo e sua aplicação no setor florestal. A técnica está presente em praticamente todas as áreas, devido ao nível de desenvolvimento que esta tecnologia atingiu nos últimos anos. A espectroscopia NIR tem se mostrado uma ferramenta rápida e eficiente para substituição dos diversos ensaios que determinam a qualidade da madeira.
Relações étnico-raciais e a questão da deficiência na literatura infantil brasileira: uma experiência em formação de professores
Authors: Martins Edna , De Lourenço Erica Aparecida Garrutti
Published: January 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464444065 Diante do paradigma da educação inclusiva, a escola regular deve se organizar para acolher e oferecer condições objetivas de aprendizagem para todos os alunos. Com ênfase no como a diversidade é representada para crianças por meio da literatura infantil, este relato apresenta a experiência com a disciplina “Práticas pedagógicas programadas: Diversidade e literatura – representações da negritude e da deficiência para a infância” na formação de alunos do primeiro ano do curso de Pedagogia, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, campus de Guarulhos. Essa disciplina se centrou no estudo de referenciais teóricos que versam sobre a diversidade e, mais especificamente, relações étnico-raciais e deficiência na literatura infantil. A experiência aponta para a importância de iniciativas voltadas ao desenvolvimento de atividades centradas na compreensão da diversidade para a formação do senso crítico na formação de professores. Palavras-chave: formação de professores, deficiência, relações étnico-raciais.
Expectativas da família, crianças e professores a respeito do primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos
Authors: Ferreira Valéria Silva
Published: January 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198464445862 Os projetos político-pedagógicos escolares, para o Ensino Fundamental de nove anos, deveriam considerar as condições socioculturais e educacionais das crianças da comunidade, norteando-se para a melhoria da qualidade da formação escolar. Segundo as orientações do MEC (BRASIL, 2004), não se deve restringir o desenvolvimento das crianças de seis anos exclusivamente à alfabetização. Sabemos que o envolvimento da família com a vida escolar de suas crianças, mantendo contato constante com os professores e satisfeitos com o trabalho educativo, traz efeitos significativos na aprendizagem dos alunos (SCHEERENS; BOSKER, 1977; SCHEERENS, 2000). A atual política do MEC demonstra interesse em mobilizar o envolvimento família e escola como estratégia para a construção de uma educação de qualidade. Este artigo discute os resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou as expectativas dos atores envolvidos (pais ou responsáveis, crianças e professores) em relação à antecipação da idade de ingresso do Ensino Fundamental e as diferenças e as semelhanças das expectativas desses atores. Foram entrevistados pais e crianças em suas casas, a fim de observar o ambiente de letramento, e as professoras de primeiro ano. O que observamos em grande parte das casas é que o ambiente letrado não vai além daqueles que fazem parte do dia a dia de todas as casas. As famílias esperam que a escola promova um futuro melhor e digno para seus filhos, contrariando o “mito da omissão parental” (LAIHRE, 2004, p. 334). Eles tentam auxiliar nas tarefas escolares dos filhos e demonstram dificuldades com suas tarefas acadêmicas – inclusive duas mães declararam-se analfabetas. Palavras-chave: família, ensino de nove anos, alfabetização.
Land use effects on stream nutrients at Beaver Lake Watershed
Authors: Giovannetti Josh , Massey Leslie B. , Haggard Brian E. , Morgan Robert A.
Published: January 2013

Elevated stream nutrient concentrations and transport downstream can accelerate the eutrophication of drinking water supply reservoirs. The objectives of this study were to compare nutrient concentrations (1) during storm events and base flow conditions, (2) across land use gradients, and (3) within the water column to those within the fluvial bed material across the streams draining the Beaver Lake Watershed in northwest Arkansas. The water samples collected during storm events had greater nutrient concentrations compared with base flow conditions. Stream nutrient concentrations during base flow conditions and storm events increased with increasing proportions of pasture and urban land use within the watershed. Dissolved nutrient concentrations were positively correlated to nutrient content within streambed sediments, representing a potential nutrient source when inundated. An understanding of nutrient sources and effects of land use is important for developing effective watershed management plans, as well as the influence of sediments on in‐stream nutrient concentrations.
L’adoption d’une démarche de sécurité humaine dans le domaine de l’action extérieure de l’Union européenne
Authors: Gauttier Pascal
Published: January 2013

L’adoption d’une approche globale favorise la bonne compréhension de l’action extérieure de l’Union européenne (ue). Nous recourons à cette fin à la notion de sécurité humaine, définie comme une situation idéale dans laquelle les droits de l’homme seraient rendus effectifs. Or, l’on constate que les institutions de l’Union européenne ont endossé la notion de sécurité humaine dans les textes fondateurs de l’action extérieure européenne, notamment dans la Stratégie européenne de sécurité révisée en 2008. De plus, les différentes politiques externes poursuivent également un objectif commun de protection et d’opérationnalisation des droits de l’homme. Il est dès lors possible d’affirmer que l’ueagit implicitement sur la scène internationale en se conformant à une démarche fondée sur cette notion.
UPRAVLJANJE INVESTICIONIM PORTFOLIOM BANKE
Authors: Barjaktarović Miljana
Published: January 2013

Upravljanje investicionim portfoliom banke je, nakon upravljanja kreditnim portfoliom, najvažniji način upravljanja finansijskim sredstvima banke. Osnovni cilj investicionog portfolija je maksimizacija prihoda i odrzavanje likvidnosti uz limitiranje rizika unutar smernica postavljenih od strane menadžmenta banke. Investicioni portfolio generiše prihod (u formi prihoda od kamata, kapitalnih dobitaka i provizija za pružanje usluga investiranja) i obezbeđuje rezerve likvidnosti. Upravljanje prinosom portfolija podrazumeva selekciju određene kombinacije hartija od vrednosti, njihove optimalne rokove dospeća/trajanja, vreme kupovine i prodaje. Portfolio rizik se utvrđuje kao odstupanje stvarnog u odnosu na očekivani prinos u investicionom portfoliju. Takva odstupanja mogu biti rezultat neočekivanih promena u kamatnim stopama, problema u naplati kamata i glavnice, i neočekivanoj inflaciji. Upravljanje rizikom se fokusira na osiguranju glavnice, obezbeđenju gotovine u skladu sa potrebama održavanja likvidnosti i vremenu kupovine hartija od vrednosti u skladu sa poslovnim ciklusom. Takođe uključuje i diversifikaciju portfolija sa različitim tipovima hartija od vrednosti, njihove emitente i rokove dospeća.
RAZVOJNI ASPEKTI JUŽNOAMERIČKE INTEGRACIJE MERCOSUR
Authors: Karić Dušica
Published: January 2013

Ekonomska grupacija MERCSOUR je danas ekonomska realnost kontinentalnih razmera. Njeno integraciono područje uključuje nešto manje od 12 miliona kvadratnih kilometara, ili više nego četiri puta veličine Evrope. Predstavlja potencijalno tržište od oko 250 miliona stanovnika sa zajedničkim GDP-om koji je veći od 3,08 milijardi dolara. MERCOSUR je trenutno jedno od najatraktivnijih mesta za investiranje u svetu jer postoji mnogo razloga za takav uspeh. MERCOSUR je četvrta ekonomija i ima najveće rezerve prirodnih resursa na svetu. Glavni cilj osnivanja MERCOSUR-a je unapređenje slobodne trgovine i slobodnog protoka dobara, ljudi i kapitala, sa težnjom da preraste u zajedničko (jedinstveno) tržište, sa jedinstvenom valutom, po ugledu na Evropsku uniju. Regionalne ekonomske integracije predstavljaju kariku u lancu sve veće međuzavisnosti država i aktera svetske tržišne scene, jedan od bitnih mehanizama kroz koji se ostvaruje sve intenzivnije globalizovanje svetske privrede..Nijedna od postojećih regionalnih ekonomskih integracija, ma koliko bila velika nije sama sebi dovoljna, nego zavisna od ostatka sveta. Zato su između postojećih regionalnih ekonomskih integracija već uspostavljeni ili su u fazi uspostavljanja specijalni odnosi ekonomske i druge saradnje, kao, na primer, između MERKOSURA i Evropske Unije ili NAFTA - MERKOSUR.