bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Future Trend of Protective Strategies for Magnesium Alloy Vascular Stents
Authors: Liu Dexiao , Yang Ke , Chen Shanshan
Published: November 2023

Magnesium alloy stents have been extensively studied in the field of biodegradable metal stents due to their exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability and excellent biomechanical properties. Nevertheless, the specific in vivo service environment causes magnesium alloy stents to degrade rapidly and fail to provide sufficient support for certain time. This paper presents an overview of the development history and protection strategies for magnesium alloy stents. Alloying, optimizing stent structure and preparing protective coating have improved the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy stents. Based on the corrosion mechanism of magnesium alloy stents, as well as their deformation during use and environmental characteristics, we present some novel solution strategies aiming at reducing the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys and enhancing the comprehensive performance of magnesium alloy stents. These strategies include adapting protective coatings for the deformation of the stents, preparing rapid endothelialization coatings to enhance the service environment of the stent, and constructing coatings with self-healing functions. It is hoped that this review can help to understand the development of magnesium alloy cardiovascular stents and solve the problems related to magnesium alloy stents in clinical applications at the early implantation stage.
Examining the Volume and Quality Statuses of Universities’ and Academics’ Research Production, Dissemination and Utilization for Sustainable Development: Applying RBVT and SDT for Exploring the Reasons behind the Identified Statuses
Authors: Abie Ayetenew , Bitew Getnet Demissie , Mengistie Solomon Melese
Published: November 2023

The study was aimed at examining the status of research productivity and exploring the factors behind the identified status in Ethiopian universities from SDT and RBVT perspectives. In phase I, a null hypothesis was tested using a one-sample t-test at 0.05 alphas while in phase II one RQ was solved using qualitative analysis. The sample involved 531 academics, of whom 13 were interviewed. The mixed-methods research approach and explanatory sequential design guided this research. The status of research project production, indexed publication, and conference presentation performances in Ethiopian universities demonstrated statistically significant mean differences below the institutional, national, and world average cut-off points (performing at least one research project, one indexed journal, and one conference paper presentation per year per academic staff). Furthermore, we explored scarcity of funds, low research capacity, weak research culture, lack of productive institutional leadership, and political instability in the country as major causes of the low research productivity status. The researchers felt that the study would contribute to both promoting academic staff's research productivity and enriching the higher education research literature. MOE, university presidents, and deans should intervene in causes to improve academics’ research productivity status towards the desired local and global standards.
Detection of Annual Coastal Boulder Mobility From 2017–2021 Remote Sensing Imagery (Gulf of Taranto, Mediterranean Sea) and Relation With Marine Weather Conditions
Authors: Delle Rose Marco
Published: November 2023

Landward displacement of coastal boulders is a morphodynamic signature of inundation and erosion processes. The study of these movements can provide useful elements for coastal hazards assessment. In this note, using open-access remote sensing resources, the 2017 to 2021 annual mobility of medium, coarse, and very coarse boulders spread over about 100 km of the eastern coast of the Gulf of Taranto (Italy) is detected. A large interannual variability was found. As established by multi-temporal object-based image analysis, one hundred and ten boulders changed position between July 2019 and June 2020, no boulder was displaced between July 2017 and July 2018, and few boulders were displaced between July 2018 and July 2019, and June 2020 and September 2021. A hydrodynamic analysis of the investigated boulder displacement led to the estimation of the energy of nearshore waves that hit the coast. The storm Detlef, that crossed over the Mediterranean Sea during 11-13 November 2019, is presumed to be the main cause of the massive displacement phenomenon.
Richard Kerner’s Path Integral Approach Aims to Understand the Self-Organized Matter Agglomeration and Its Translation into the Energy Landscape Kinetics Paradigm
Authors: Naumis Gerardo G.
Published: November 2023

Matter grows and self-assembles to produce complex structures such as virus capsids, carbon fullerenes, proteins, glasses, etc. Due to its complexity, performing pen-and-paper calculations to explain and describe such assemblies is cumbersome. Many years ago, Richard Kerner presented a pen-and-paper path integral approach to understand self-organized matter. Although successfully addressed many important problems including the yield of fullerene formation, the glass transition temperature of doped chalcogenide glasses, the fraction of boroxol rings in B2O3 glasses, the first theoretical explanation for the empirical recipe of window and Pyrex glass and the understanding of virus capsid self-assembly, still is not the primary choice when tackling similar problems. The reason lies in the fact that it diverges from mainstream approaches based on the energy landscape paradigm and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. In this context, a critical review is presented, demonstrating that the Richard Kerner method is, in fact, a clever way to identify relevant configurations. Its equations are simplified, common physical sense versions to those found in the energy landscape kinetic equations. Subsequently, the utilization of equilibrium Boltzmann factors in the transition Markov chain probabilities is analyzed within the context of local two-level energy landscape models kinetics. This analysis demonstrates that their use remains valid when the local energy barrier between reaction coordinate states is small compared to the thermal energy. This finding places the Richard Kerner model on par with other more sophisticated methods and, hopefully, will promote its adoption as an initial and useful choice for describing the self-agglomeration of matter.
Current Status and New Developments in the Ultrasonography Diagnosis of Gallbladder Diseases
Authors: Mencarini Lara , Vestito Amanda , Zagari Rocco Maurizio , Montagnani Marco
Published: November 2023

Gallbladder diseases are very common and their diagnosis is based on clinical-laboratory evaluation and imaging techniques. Considering the different imaging diagnostic tools, ultrasound (US) has the advantage of high accuracy combined with easy availability. Therefore, when a gallbladder disease is suspected, US can readily assist the clinician in the medical office or in the emergency department. The high performance of US in the diagnosis of gallbladder diseases is mainly related to its anatomic location. The most frequent gallbladder pathological condition is gallstones disease, easily diagnosed by US examination. Acute cholecystitis (AC), a possible complication of gallstone disease, can be readily recognized, due to its specific sonographic features. Additionally, a number of benign, borderline or malignant gallbladder lesions may be detected by US evaluation. The combined use of standard B-mode US and additional sonographic techniques, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), may provide a more detailed study of gallbladder lesions. Multiparametric US (combination of multiple sonographic tools) can improve the diagnostic yield during gallbladder examination.
Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Non‐Genomic Signaling of Estrogen
Authors: Harvey Brian Joseph , Harvey Harry Myles
Published: November 2023

Colon cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy that exhibits distinct differences in incidence, prognosis, and treatment responses between males and females. These disparities have long been attributed to hormonal differences, particularly the influence of estrogen signaling. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in colon cancer and the protective role of membrane and nuclear estrogen signaling in CRC development, progression, and therapeutic interventions. We discuss the epidemiological and molecular evidence supporting sex differences in colon cancer, followed by an exploration of the impact of estrogen in CRC through various genomic and non-genomic signaling pathways involving membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors. Furthermore, we examine the interplay between estrogen receptors and other signaling pathways, in particular the Wnt/-catenin proliferative pathway and hypoxia in shaping biological sex differences and estrogen protective actions in colon cancer. Lastly, we highlight the potential therapeutic implications of targeting estrogen signaling in the management of colon cancer and propose future research directions to address the current gaps in our understanding of this complex phenomenon.
Mitigating Age-related Bias in Predictive Policing Algorithms
Authors: Almasoud Ahmed Saud
Published: November 2023

This study addressed algorithmic bias in predictive policing, focusing on the Chicago Police Department's Strategic Subject List (SSL) dataset. We specifically focused on identifying and mitigating age-related biases, a notably underexplored area in prior research. Our research introduced Conditional Score Recalibration as a bias mitigation strategy alongside the well-established Class Balancing technique. Conditional Score Recalibration involved reassessing and adjusting risk scores for individuals initially assigned moderately high-risk scores in the dataset. This recalibration marked such individuals as low risk if they met three conditions, namely: no prior arrests for violent offenses, no previous arrests for narcotic offenses, and having never been involved in shooting incidents. These fairness strategies were implemented on the Random Forest model, and the fairness metrics employed included Equality of Opportunity Difference, Average Odds Difference, and Demographic Parity. The results showed a significant improvement in model fairness, particularly for age biases, without compromising the model's accuracy. These findings challenged the often-assumed trade-off between fairness and accuracy, underscoring the feasibility of achieving fairness without compromising accuracy.
Microsatellite DNA Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Parentage Testing in Popular Dog Breeds in India
Authors: Singh Yogeshwar , Kaur Bhawanpreet , Kaur Manpreet , HM Yatish , Mukhopadhyay Chandra
Published: November 2023

For the parentage testing in canine microsatellite length polymorphism markers were used to check the efficacy of the markers. In the current study 5’ fluorescently labeled 12 SSR markers were used to check the use of the markers in popular owned-dog breeds (Labrador, German Shepherd, Pug, Mudhol Hound, Tibetan Mastiff, Gaddi dog, Beagle, Belgian Malinois, Pointer, and Cane Corso) maintained of India (not necessarily indigenous breeds). The number of alleles, heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, and probability of exclusion were determined for all the markers to check the effectiveness of the markers. The mean number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 29 and the effective number of alleles ranged from 3.6 to 15.2. The expected heterozygosity was greater than 0.73. The population inbreeding coefficient (FIS) demonstrated that there was no inbreeding in the breeds studied, as the samples were collected from owners and dog breeders belonging to various states, including Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Karnataka. The polymorphism information content and the probability of the exclusion values were greater than 0.65. the combined probability of exclusion for all the breeds was (2.82E-12) 0.99999995. The results indicated that the selected 12 markers are effective enough to determine the parentage of the dogs.
Molecular Docking of Compounds from Clitoria ternatea as Candidate Anti-fungal Agents against Candida albicans
Authors: Auerkari Elza Ibrahim , Arifaputri Naila Ramadhanty , Auerkari Pertti
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection, often caused by Candida albicans. One of the virulence factors of C. albicans is sterol 14a-demethylase or CYP51. Compounds of anthocyanins (ternatin, cyanin) and flavonoids (rutin, isoquercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, limocitrin) from the extract of the Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) plant are believed to have potential to inhibit the CYP51 virulence factor of C. albicans to suppress oral candidiasis. The purpose of this research was to investigate the interaction between the ligands of anthocyanins and flavonoids from C. ternatea (butterfly pea) with CYP51. Methods: The in silico study applied molecular docking to examine the molecular interactions (binding affinity) between the anthocyanin and flavonoid ligands of interest from C. ternatea and the CYP51 receptor of C. albicans. Results: Predicted interactions exist between the ligands of anthocyanins (ternatin, cyanin) and flavonoids (rutin, isoquercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, limocitrin) from C. ternatea and the CYP51 receptor of C. albicans. Conclusion: C. ternatea has the potential to provide anti-fungal agents that can inhibit or slow down the occurrence of oral candidiasis, as indicated by in silico studies. However, it is important to conduct additional research regarding the properties of the plant to determine the unknown aspects of its effects to the human body.
Integrative Analysis of Traditional and Cash Flow Financial Ratios: Insights from a Systematic Comparative Review
Authors: Seretidou Dimitra , Billios Dimitris , Stavropoulos Antonios
Published: November 2023

In exploring the intricacies of financial analysis, this study delves into the efficacy of traditional financial ratios versus cash flow ratios in foreseeing a company's fiscal well-being. By harnessing the PRISMA 2020 framework, an exhaustive and systematic dissection of diverse scholarly articles was embarked upon. The quest was to unearth the more reliable predictor of financial stability among these two sets of ratios. With a methodical examination of academic writings, this inquiry juxtaposed various models, scrutinizing their foresight capabilities. The revelations were telling; cash flow ratios emerged as more potent forecasters compared to their traditional counterparts. Intriguingly, models that blend both ratio types showed a marked improvement in predictive accuracy, hinting at a synergistic effect. This underscores the insight that while traditional ratios are informative, their amalgamation with cash flow ratios yields a richer, more rounded grasp of a company’s fiscal state. Conclusively, for stakeholders, especially investors, adopting this dual-ratio approach is pivotal for enlightened decision-making. This research enriches the financial analysis domain by spotlighting the salience of cash flow ratios, advocating for their integration with conventional methods for a sharper financial health appraisal.
URGENSI PENGATURAN JAMINAN KREDIT DALAM SEKTOR PEER TO PEER (P2P) LENDING DI INDONESIA
Authors: Shania Amalia Vanny , Kharisma Dona Budi
Published: November 2023

This articles aims to analyse and examine the importance of implementing credit guarantee on peer to peer (p2p) lending mechanism in Indonesia as a form of prevention of Non Perfroming Loan Risk and the ideal type of credit guarantee to be applied on peer to per (p2p) lending mechanism. This research is a normative legal research with a perspective character with a consepual approach. The type of data used is secondary data which includes primary dan secondary legal materials. Meanwhile, the thechnique of collecting data in examining these problems use a literature study technique which is then carried out by technical analysis using the deductive method. The results show that there is urgency for the application of credit guarantee on peer to peer (p2p) lending sector based on 3 important aspects, namely philosophical, juridical, and sociological foundations. The urgency is related to the risk of non performing loan or default by the borrower which must be borne by the the lender. Implementing fiduciary security into peer to peer (p2p) lending mechanism can be an ideal solution to provide protection and legal certainty for lenders while minimizing the potentional risk of non performing loan.

 
MALPRAKTIK DOKTER DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG PRAKTIK KEDOKTERAN DAN HUKUM PERDATA
Authors: Adiartha Aviyado Surya , Suryono Arief
Published: November 2023

This article aims to determine the legal consequences of medical malpractice by doctors against patients in the perspective of Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice and civil law. The research method used is a prescriptive normative legal research method. The legal approach used is the statutory approach. Sources of legal materials used include primary and secondary legal materials with legal material collection techniques using literature study or document study. The results of this study indicate that the Medical Practice Law only regulates disciplinary sanctions for doctors on the decision of the Indonesian Medical Discipline Honorary Council (MKDKI) as a follow-up if there is a complaint from a patient against a doctor's actions that are considered detrimental, while the legal consequences must be borne by the doctor if proven to have committed medical malpractice it is not directly regulated by this law but is regulated by the Civil Code. The legal consequences of this medical malpractice cause the doctor's responsibility to the patient. This responsibility is in the form of liability for losses due to default or liability for losses due to illegal acts.
EFEKTIVITAS HUKUM PENDAFTARAN MEREK DI KALANGAN PENGUSAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH BATIK DI PUSAT GROSIR SOLO
Authors: Soesanto Inneke Saphira , Tantri C Diana
Published: November 2023

This article aims to find out about the obstacles of implementing brand registration among small and medium batik entrepreneurs in Pusat Grosir Solo and solutions to the obstacles of implementing brand registration among small and medium batik entrepreneurs in Pusat Grosir Solo. Empirical legal research is descriptive with the research site at the Pusat Grosir Solo. The types and sources of this research data include primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques with interviews and literature studies. The data analysis technique is qualitatively.  The results tells that the barriers to the implementation of brand registration among small and medium-sized batik entrepreneurs in Pusat Grosir Solo are divided into two, namely non-normative barriers and normative barriers. Non normative barriers are  a lack of understanding about the brand and its registration, limited funds owned by SMEs, and concerns about the brand being not accepted for registration due to similarities to existing brands. Then there are normative obstacles is brand registration arrangements as stipulated in Article 14 paragraph (1), Article 14 paragraph (2), and Article 23 paragraph (5) of Law No. 20 of 2016 concerning Brands and Geographical Indications take a long time (8 months). The solution to non-normative barriers is to empower SMEs regarding the brand and its registration conducted by the Surakarta City Government, the issuance of SME recommendation letters by Disnakerperin and Dinkop SME so that registration costs are cheaper, and to address concerns about brands not being accepted for registration due to similarities to existing brands, may register the brand collectively. For solutions to normative barriers, there needs to be a revision of Law No. 20 of 2016 on Brands and Geographical Indications related to the process of brand registration to be shorter.  

 
ROUGHNESS INVESTIGATION OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE CUTTING MARKS ON FACE MILLED SURFACE
Authors: Nagy Antal , Kundrak Janos
Published: November 2023

In machining with defined cutting edge tools, in some rotational tool processes (e.g. face milling) the tool edge may scratch the surface of the workpiece one more time, depending on the cutting conditions, during one revolution of the tool. As a result, the topographies with single or double cutting marks will be different from each other. The deviation, depending on its size, can also affect the functional performance (e.g. friction conditions) of the operating surfaces. In this article, face-milled topographies created with a symmetrical setting and with single or double milling marks are compared according to the magnitude of the roughness and the degree and nature of the inhomogeneity.
Metaphysics of the Heart as a Worldview Subject in Russian Philosophy
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lvov Alexander A. , Osipov Igor D. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: November 2023

The paper gives a summary of the views of various researchers on the meta­physics of the heart in Russian philosophy, and an analysis of the concept of the heart in Russian culture. The conceptual difference between the knowl­edge of heart and the knowledge of mind, included in the circle of problems of professional European philosophy only in the second half of 19th century, be­comes of essential character in the works of Russian thinkers. It allows to clear up the fundamental issue of human nature and the position of a human being in the world. Russian philosophers consider the truths of the heart as universal truths. This gives us the opportunity to bring the concept of the heart closer to worldview issues. This allows us to bring the concept of the heart closer to worldview issues, offering a new perspective on the acute dilemma of the rea­son and the heart discussed in contemporary philosophical anthropology and Christian philosophy. In addition to the classical statement of the heart as a cog­nitive alternative to reason, the worldview interpretation of the heart must also reveal the activity aspect of its nature. The peculiarity of a worldview as a cog­nitive phenomenon consists in a person’s constant openness to the Other, which results in a reconciliation of “rational” and “heart” ways of comprehension of the world. Such openness allows a person to regain their personal wholeness and bring it to cosmic completeness in the perception of the world. The cosmic nature of personality is revealed in overcoming the problem of solipsism and substantiating “conciliar consciousness” (sobornoe soznanie) as a special way of supraindividual thinking. Thus, the heart appears as the worldview center of a human being and can be the object of educational practice, hence, the world­view as a matter of the heart serves as the basis for moral guidance in life.
W. James in Russian Academic Theology at the Beginning of the 20th century. Part II. From the Varieties of Religious Experience to the Mystical Mind
Authors:   Saint Tikhon’s Orthodox University of the Humanities, Khondzinskiy Pavel V.
Published: November 2023

As we know, the publication of the translation of W. James’ “The Varieties of Re­ligious Experience” in 1910 gave rise to a well-known discussion that took place in the pages of the journal “Questions of Philosophy and Psychology”. However, the fact that James’s concept has been critically comprehended in the works of some academic theologians, such as M. Tareev, P. Minin, A. Tuberovsky, still remains in the shade. Relying on James as the author who “scientifically” con­firmed the existence of a religious-mystical experience, they sought to respond to the challenge that James’s pluralism posed before them. This challenge boiled down to the question of principles for distinguishing from the general diversity of religious and mystical experience its specifically Christian manifestations, which would be linked both with the content of Christian teaching and with the Christian action in the world arising from it. Such a complex formulation of the issue was determined both by the need to substantiate the significance of Chris­tianity as the only divinely revealed religion in relation to other “external” reli­gions, and by the desire to solve the internal problem, which was reduced to the monastic – worldly, individual – social opposition in the life of the Church, which was very typical for that era. Having considered the works of P. Minin, M. Tareev, A. Tuberovsky, we come to the conclusion about the formation of the concept, which was later actualized in the Diaspora as the concept of “mystical theology”. This concept integrates the ideas of a truly Christian experi­ence of communion with God, knowledge of God and activity in the world.
Prishvin’s Lesson
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy Russian Academy of Sciences, Vizgin Viktor P.
Published: November 2023

In the article, the author sums up his research on Prishvin. The focus is on the problem of the specifics of artistically oriented cognition, a unique exam­ple of which was realized in the work of the Russian writer-thinker Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin (1873–1954). It is shown that behind his external, seem­ingly purely literary activity, there is a deep intellectual work of a thinker who positioned himself as a representative of the philosophy of spiritualism and intu­itionism. The author of the article compares the Prishvinian artistic method of cognition with the philosophy of the Christian existentialist Gabriel Marcel. The common denominator between these figures, who are at first glance distant from each other figures, is their inherent rejection of the “spirit of abstraction”, the negative role of which in culture both of them demonstrate in their own way.­For Prishvin as a personalist differences are important in the world, and not the similarities and identities of things accessible to mathematical representation. The lesson of Prishvin, as understood by the author of the article, is to reveal the significance of artistic and existential personalistic knowledge not only in the narrowly artistic practice of art and literature, but also in philosophy and even in science. After all, “the origins of science and art”, as Prishvin believed, “are personal”. The author suggests that in order to cognize such synthetic cul­tural phenomena as Prishvin, a spiritual resonance of the cognizer with his cog­nizable is needed.
Epistemological Traditions in Modern Russian Philosophy
Authors:   Moscow State Pedagogical University, Mikeshina Lyudmila A. , Mikeshin Mikhail I. ,   Saint Petersburg Mining University
Published: November 2023

“Gnoseology” and “epistemology”, two terms widely used in the theory of cog­nition, have a history of use for about hundred years. During this time, they were interpreted very differently. In world philosophy, the first term is considered obsolete, and understanding of the second has developed in connection with the great interest in scientific knowledge. In Russia, the first term is much more common due to its use in dialectical materialism and official ideology, while the second has become widespread in the last fifty years due to the influence of works and translations in the field of philosophy of science. The paper’s authors take into account the current practice and propose to use the term “gnoseology” to describe the theory of cognition, built on the maximum abstrac­tion of the subject, and to use the term “epistemology” in the theory of cognition with a reduced level of abstraction of the subject, a level that takes into account such social characteristics of the subject as its communicativeness and values. In gnoseology, these components were either not studied, or they were fought with as unscientific and acceptable only in everyday knowledge. Despite the de­velopment of philosophical concepts of the sociality of the subject in the theory of cognition, in real technoscience the model of the most abstract mind is still very widely used, which is reflected, first of all, in the content and rhetoric of scientific papers. The paper provides examples from modern scientific texts published in high-ranking technical journals. It is concluded that the exceptional use the abstract representation of the subject prevents the scientists from formu­lating and realizing the current acute problems of their sciences.
The concept of reason in the philosophy of Benedict Spinoza
Authors:   Belgorod National Research University, Maidansky Andrey D.
Published: November 2023

Spinoza teaches that the nature of things expresses itself in two ways: in motion and in the world of bodies, on the one hand, and in the intellect with its world of ideas, on the other. Physical bodies are in perpetual motion – arising, changing, disappearing; since the human body also participates in these processes, they are perceived by senses. Spinoza calls the knowledge of sensual properties and duration of the existence of bodies “imagination”. The human mind processes images of bodies with the help of a special kind of abstractions, the “beings of reason”, and then it forms, on the basis of “general concepts”, adequate ideas about the “inner essences” of things, their “order and connec­tion”, i.e. about the causes for the existence of things and their causal relations. Scientific definitions, formulae and models represent these causes and relations in a perfectly pure form – “under a species of eternity”. The article shows how Spinoza delineates the limits of human cognition: they are set by the nature of mind as the idea of the body (man con­sists of two modes of substance – the living body and its idea/mind in the infinite intel­lect). The wider the scope of the body’s activity, the more our mind knows about the world and about itself. The last section of the article describes the relationship of rea­son to virtue, logic to ethics, and characterises the way of life “according to the guidance of reason”. Social life appears to Spinoza as a battle of “passions”, the passive affects of solidarity and enmity. Society cannot live according to the guidance of reason, but our minds can find a form of government that minimises the damage caused by the “blind af­fects” of the rulers and the crowd: Spinoza considered democracy to be the “completely absolute state”.
Geometry of the unspeakable: experience of one construction
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sharopova Nigina R.
Published: November 2023

Picture geometry is often regarded as an area of technical knowledge that accompanies or provides useful information for basic research on visual culture and almost never as a methodological one. Despite the historical and conceptual connections between mathe­matics and the visual, even a basic geometric competence is by no means a common of image and visual culture researchers. At the same time, the overwhelming majority of this kind of work belong to the field of technical knowledge, the history of mathemat­ics, or positivism based theories; in other words, they do not address the most important issues for humanities research. Rare non-technical works in this area do not find due recognition and dissemination among a wider community of specialists. The article offers the main result of the research, the subject of which was pictorial depth. Pictorial depth is the version of the specific experience of distance with which the image is traditionally associated. The problem of distance is a classical area of philosophical reflection on the image. The article presents an attempt to geometrically express one of its versions, namely pictorial and visual depth. At the same time, the important dimension of inacces­sibility and heterogeneity is preserved, that is, the experience of depth is not reduced to visual data or the literal geometry of a flat picture. By constructing a geometrically object that can be considered depth, it is possible to extract intuitively non-obvious properties that would not be available through direct analysis of experience and other methods of naked reflection. The article presents only some of the findings obtained during the study.
Sentimentalism and romantism: the structure of affect
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Mikirtumov Ivan B.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this article is to describe the structure of sentimental and romantic affects. These structures set the forms of the life of the soul in sentimentalism and romanticism as spiritual movements that determine the epochs of culture. They remain relevant to the present and compete in it. I am starting from the distinction between emotion and affect, which has become one of the main themes of the “affective turn” in social sciences and humanities. Here I follow Brian Massumi and suggest that emotions and affects are dis­tinct entities. Emotion is formed in ontogenesis and works with direct perception as a pri­mary reaction. The affect connects later and can correct the emotion. In the sphere of the symbolic, on the contrary, affects are the first to work, and then emotions can already be connected. The description of the four-part structure of affect as such is given. On its basis, sentimental and romantic assemblages of specific affects arise. Sentimentalism is pluralistic, sees the world as a rhizome, works with the economy of feelings. Sentimental­ist humanity is held together by an empathic pleasure in a variety of feelings. Romanti­cism refers to the nomad and to organic unity. His affects are based on a combination of cognitively comprehended metaphors “grasps”, “lifts” and “carries away” with the in­teroception of the body’s organs. The Romantic offers the experience of ecstatic reincar­nation, performative mental action, and action on behalf of the absolute. Sentimentalism is moving towards deepening individual sensitivity and improving the skills of managing feelings; romanticism, on the contrary, is simplified to low mass affects. The conclusion of the article is that in the complex interactions of the two types of affects, the sentimen­tal ones gradually replace the romantic ones, when and if the ability to control one’s feel­ings is considered as a valuable quality.
Buddhist tradition and Japanese poetry from the perspective of “Songs of Joy” (based on “One Hundred Verses about the Seasons” by Jien)
Authors:   Moscow City University, Fedyanina Vladlena A. , Bolotskaya Kseniya V. ,   Moscow City University
Published: November 2023

The study discusses the relationship between Buddhism and poetry in early medieval Japan drawing on the cycle of poems “One Hundred Verses about the Seasons” (Shikidai hyakushu) dedicated to the shrine in Ise and written by the Tendai monk Jien (1155–1225). The paper deals with discursive strategies and ritual practices based on the exam­ples of the cycle “One Hundred Verses about the Seasons” by Jien, by which Buddhism in early medieval Japan consecrated a new ritual use of one of the genres of court litera­ture, waka poetry. The paper briefly describes the process of incorporating the forms of Japanese waka poetry into Buddhist rites, traces the appearance of “songs of joy from following the teachings of (Buddha)” (ho:raku) in ritual practice, explains the meaning of the word ho:raku, describes a stage in the development of poetic theory formulated within the framework of Japanese esoteric Buddhism, characterizes the essence and meaning of “songs of joy” in the Buddhist tradition. The authors point to the contribution of Jien to the development of poetic theory and the relevance of new forms of waka, “songs of joy” created on the basis of this theory. The textual analysis of the cycle “One Hundred Verses about the Seasons”, its structure and content allows identifying the fea­tures of the genre of spiritual poetry ho:raku. The results also display how secular themes (nature, love lyrics) are reinterpreted to convey the experience of learning the teachings of Buddha, show the functioning of waka poetry as a means of preaching Buddhist teach­ings, as a way to comprehend the truth and achieve enlightenment.
Faith Dynamics according to John Henry Newman
Authors:   St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University, Mikhaylov Petr Borisovich
Published: November 2023

The paper undertakes a broad thematic contextualization of John Henry Newman’s (1801–1890) theory of the development of Christian doctrine in the expanses of European philosophical and theological thought. A typology of solutions to the main problem of the era faced by the young Anglican theologian in the first half of the XIXth century is proposed, – a combination of historical relativism and dogmatic absolutism in matters of religion. Three strategies for solving the question posed boil down to the following types: 1) acceptance of history, 2) denial of history, 3) interaction of history and dogmas. According to the characteristic features, Newman’s concept should be attributed to the first type, although it has its own characteristics that distinguish its approach from similar solutions to the problem. A feature of Newman’s approach indicates the predominance of philosophical instruments and methods over historical ones. Such optics provide additional resources for interpreting both the concept itself and its key elements, in particular the categories of faith and reason, faith as consent. Additional materials that preceded the appearance of Newman’s main book on the problem of development (“An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine,” 1845) are given as an appendix (Oxford sermon “Implicit and Explicit Reason”, 1840) and represent the first translation into Russian of one of the key elements for understanding the entire concept – Newman invented the distiction of the implicit and explicit stages of faith or states of mind.
Circle, Test, and Perception of God
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Loginov Evgeny Vladimirovich
Published: November 2023

The paper offers a discussion on William P. Alston’s epistemology of religious experience. I start with a general assessment, then propose an explanation of Alston’s main argument for a solid epistemic status of the practice of mystical perception. The explanation shows that this argument depends on whether we have reasons not to consider the practice reliable. We can divide all reasons against the mystical perception into two types. The first type of reasons is associated with the requirement of external justification. Alston believes that this requirement is not dangerous, since both mystical and sensory perception are based on an epistemic circle. I propose a critique of the circulatory thesis about the reliability of sensory perception. The second type of justification concerns the requirement of the possibility of intersubjective tests and other features of sensory perception. Alston considers it unreasonable to apply the requirement to the mystical perception. I show that there are no sufficient reasons to agree with this claim. At the end of the paper the Russian translation of Alston’s book is evaluated.
’Abu Hamid al-Ghazali on “Reliable Knowledge”
Authors:   Patrice Lumumba RUDN University, Kirabaev Nur Serikovitch , Al-Janabi Mathem M. ,   Patrice Lumumba RUDN University
Published: November 2023

The paper discusses the main approaches and problems of reason and faith in the context of the ideal of knowledge of classical Arab-Muslim thought in the teachings of al-Ghazali, one of the great system-creators of the Muslim Middle Ages, whose ideological creativity had a significant impact not only on the philosophical and religious situation within the Caliphate, but on the intellectual culture of Romano-Christian Europe as well. The problem of faith and reason is considered by him from the point of view of fiqh (Islamic law), kalam (speculative “theology”), falsafah (Eastern peripatetism) and tasawwuf (Sufism). The seekers of truth in the understanding of al-Ghazali are considered. It is noted that the key basis for understanding his teachings as a Sufi philosophical and theological system is the substantiation of metaphysics, in which faith and reason complement each other in the field of knowledge, i.e. we are talking about the unity of knowledge, both secular and religious, on the one hand, and the unity of knowledge and action as the basis of the moral state of the soul, which is the true criterion for judging the truth of any action, on the other. It is shown that the system of al-Ghazali is based on ethics. In the Sufi philosophical and theological synthesis of al-Ghazali, all the achievements of the previous thought were considered, as well as the problems of spiritual development in the theory and practice of the caliphate as an alternative to all the directions of thought known in his time.
The soviet ideocratic state trapped in the post-soviet intertime: from orthodox liberalism to soviet orthodoxy
Authors:   Rostov  Department  of   RussianPhilosophical Society, Trukhan Anatoly V.
Published: November 2023

The article examines the crisis of post Soviet identity as a split in the Soviet conscious­ness between the Soviet and Orthodox ideals, as well as Russia’s falling into a situation of inter-time. The main subject of the split is the confrontation in assessments of the place and role of the Soviet ideocratic state in the history of Russia between two areas of social thought: Orthodox liberalism and Soviet Orthodoxy. The main thesis of the article is that Russia’s exit from the crisis of post-Soviet identity can only be achieved through over­coming the split from the standpoint of Soviet Orthodoxy. This means that it is necessary to combine in the public consciousness the Orthodox ideal of the moral perfection of the individual with the Soviet project of social transformation. The argumentation is carried out using the concept of Russian ideocratic consciousness and the methodology of social analysis in the ideocratic paradigm, as well as using the methodology of myth rationalization and reconstruction of mythical consciousness.
Improving Explainable AI Interpretability: Mathematical Models for Evaluating Explanation Methods.
Authors: P. Nancy Ambritta , Mahalle Parkshit N. , Bhapkar Haribhau R. , Shinde Gitanjali R. , Sable Nilesh P.
Published: November 2023

AI has transformed various industries. Understanding and trusting AI decision-making processes is crucial as they become more integrated into our lives. Explainable AI (XAI) aims to provide transparency and interpretability to AI models, addressing concerns about accountability, fairness, and ethical AI. Lack of transparency in AI can lead to uncertainty, especially in critical domains where incorrect or biased decisions can have adverse outcomes. This paper aims to introduce Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and its significance in enhancing transparency, accountability, fairness, and trustworthiness in AI systems. The primary focus is on presenting mathematical expressions for quantitatively evaluating the accuracy and relevance of explanations offered by XAI methods, thereby enhancing the quality and dependability of these explanations. The paper conducts a literature review on XAI methods and their applications, specifically examining whether evaluation metrics are provided for assessing the explanations. The paper presents a mathematical formulation for an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that utilizes autoencoders along with an explanation technique like SHAP, as a case study. We further present the application of the proposed evaluation metrics and mathematical formulas for quantitative assessment of the correctness of the explanations. Screenshots of the results have been presented for each of the quantitative mathematical formulas of each metric. The contributions to the mathematical derivation of the IDS case study is also profound wherein we adopt the cross-entropy loss function for derivation and mathematically provide solutions to address the overfitting problem with L1regularization and also express the threshold updation using Chebyshev’s formula. The results presented in the results and discussion section include the correctness evaluation of the mathematical formulations of the evaluation metrics for XAI, which is demonstrated using a case study (Autoencoder-based Intrusion Detection System with SHAPley explanations) demonstrating their applicability and transparency. The significance of XAI in promoting comprehension and confidence in AI systems is underscored by this paper. Through transparency and interpretability, XAI effectively tackles apprehensions related to accountability, fairness, and ethical AI. The mathematical assessment metrics put forth in this study provide a means to evaluate the accuracy and pertinence of explanations furnished by XAI techniques, thereby facilitating advancements and comparisons in AI research and development. The future generalized implementation of these metrics with real-time data across various domains will enhance the practicality and usefulness of XAI across diverse domains. This study was conducted on open-access data obtained from Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity and NSL KDD dataset.
Development and evaluation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation nursing education program for nursing students using virtual reality
Authors: Lee Hanna , Han Jeong-won , Park Junhee , Min Soyoon , Park Jihey
Published: November 2023

Background
This study aims to improve nursing students’ ability to care for critically ill patients through education in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) nursing.
Methods
This study developed a virtual reality (VR) simulation program for the five-step ECMO nursing of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implement, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model and used an equivalent control group pre-test and post-test no-synchronized design to verify the effect. The participants of this study were fourth-year nursing students enrolled in nursing departments at three universities in Seoul, Gangwon, and Gyeonggi in South Korea; it included 66 participants, 33 in each of the experimental and control groups. The program consisted of pre-training, orientation, VR simulation, and debriefing.
Results
The interaction effect of the intervention and control groups with time points using the ECMO nursing VR simulation program was rejected due to no statistically significant difference in knowledge (F = 1.41, p = .251), confidence (F = 1.97, p = .144), and clinical reasoning capacity (F = 2.85, p = .061). However, learning immersion (t = 3.97, p < .001) and learning satisfaction (t = 4.25, p < .001) were statistically significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group.
Conclusion
VR simulation program for ECMO nursing developed in this study is a potential educational method that positively affects the learning immersion and learning satisfaction of nursing students. This will also be an effective way to improve the performance of nursing students in ECMO nursing.