bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Digital Fringe and Social Participation through Interaction Design
Authors: Hespanhol Luke , Davis Hilary , Fredericks Joel , Caldwell Glenda Amayo , Hoggenmüller Marius
Published: December 2020

Digital inclusion and its implications for social participation is emerging as a key issue for researchers, designers, educators, industry and communities, as contemporary society shifts from top-down decision-making to a more inclusive process that collaborates with a variety of demographics. Yet, this shift tends to predominantly focus on mainstream communities of highly urbanised settlements, often neglecting segments of society that lack access to resources, digital technology or telecommunications infrastructure. Likewise, people from culturally diverse and marginalised backgrounds, or who are socially excluded, such as people living with disabilities, the elderly, disadvantaged youth and women, people identifying as LGBTQIA, refugees and migrants, Indigenous people and others, are particularly vulnerable to digital under-participation, thereby compounding disadvantage. This special issue presents practical, innovative, and sensitive design solutions to support digital participation for older adults, children with barriers to digital access and urban and regional fringe communities. The intention is to foster digital skills within and across communities, investigate the role of proxies in digital inclusion as an enabler of social interactions, and discuss design strategies and methods for sustaining digital inclusion to eliminate the dilemma of under-participation in the future.
A Role for Universities in Sustaining Regional ICT Initiatives? Exploring the Case of the University of Ballarat
Authors: Thompson Helen C
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the important support role that universities can play in the establishment and ongoing sustainability of regional information and communication technology (ICT) initiatives. Three case studies are presented to explore the uptake of ICT in a regional and rural context. A common element in each of these initiatives is the active participation of the University of Ballarat throughout all project phases. The resultant combination of on-the-ground leadership, infrastructure, collaboration and multi-disciplinary research has not only created benefits for the individual communities but also through the generation of consultancy income, publications and community engagement of a type which is highly consistent with the Universitys vision and mission.
Cybercafés and their potential as Community Development Tools in India
Authors: Haseloff Anikar Michael
Published: December 2020

The following article examines the role of Cybercafés in urban, semiurban and suburban areas of India. Cybercafés have become an important access point for different urban communities in India, and the paper discusses their role in an urban development context.

To examine the role of Cybercafés, a broad quantitative and qualitative analysis of cybercafes has been made in different urban, semiurban and suburban areas in India, including a user survey of 1500 users and 30 interviews.

This paper discusses some of the findings, shows some up to date trends of the Indian Cybercafe Scene and shows some interesting potentials that Cybercafés in urban areas have to serve different communities.
Position Paper: Turning the Corner with First Nations Telehealth
Authors: Kakepetum Geordi
Published: December 2020

Keewaytinook Okimakanak Telehealth Services is an important contributing partner in the development and sustainability of community networks in remote First Nations across northwestern Ontario, Canada. In the past, community members were flown to the nearest hospital to receive medical attention or to consult with a specialist. Today, more and more of these trips are being avoided with the installation of the proper broadband infrastructure and the effective use of telemedicine tools.

The "Turning the Corner with First Nations Telehealth" document highlights the achievements and impacts of these services on the communities participating in this pioneering work. As the Government of Canada and national Aboriginal organizations develop strategies to address the critical health care system, this paper describes the highlights of a community-based health care initiative that is making a difference in the lives of community members.
The Learning Community as a Local Development Strategy
Authors: Sévigny Bernard , Prévost Paul
Published: December 2020

The phenomenon of connected communities shows that the Internet can be a powerful tool in promoting cohesiveness between community actors. Since a community's capability to initiate development projects depends to a significant degree on the quality of the relational framework in which the actors operate, we maintain that it is possible to go beyond the instrumental character of Internet applications and to give a developmental character to processing for designing and developing a collective portal. A learning community is a completed form of connected community that promotes local actors to develop a creative synergy that can yield ideas, collaboration, and development projects.
The Participant-Observer in Community-based Learning as Community Bard
Authors: Carroll John M. , Rosson Mary Beth
Published: December 2020

We reflect on the role that we play, as participatory action researchers, in community informatics projects. We characterize this role using the analogy to "bards" from medeival societies.
Learning from the LDC's
Authors: Gurstein Michael
Published: December 2020

Editorial
Rethinking telecentre sustainability approaches
Authors: Mayanja Meddie
Published: December 2020

Abstract:

Telecentres today are the key to telecentres of tomorrow. If they succeed in achieving their objectives, there is no doubt that development partners, social investors and governments will have a fresh look at the potential of telecentres to development. In June 2005 the government of Ghana launched the first of its two hundred thirty telecentres to be established across the country. In Rwanda, US $ 1 million has been set aside for a countrywide telecentres program. All these are some of the bold initiatives that will be boosted by exquisite telecentre planning today.

Financial and social sustainability of telecentres remains one of the key challenges of the digital inclusion programming more than a decade after.

The author uses field-based experiences from India and Africa to review varied telecentre sustainability approaches. While analysing the strengths and weaknesses of each of the approaches he makes an argument for a new approach  one that will ensure high social capital, sustainability and financial sustainability for telecentres.
Community Organizations in the Information Age: A study of community intermediaries in Canada
Authors: Rideout Prof. Vanda , Reddick Dr. Andrew , O'Donnell Dr. Susan , McIver, Jr. Dr. William , Kitchen Sandy , Milliken Mary
Published: December 2020

The aim of the Community Intermediaries Research Project (CIRP) was to investigate the social challenges and needs addressed by Canadian non-profit community-based organizations, the social and community contexts in which they operate, and the information and services they provide to citizens. These organizations are “community intermediaries” because they act as links between the various levels of government (federal, provincial, and municipal) and citizens, providing social services and information to their clients and communities.The CIRP research team used a case-study, mixed methods approach. In-depth case studies of four types of community organizations in different parts of Canada were performed. These employed: onsite observations; in-depth interviews with managerial and staff members; focus group discussions with staff (paid staff and volunteers) and with clients; and self-directed surveys with the organization’s staff, volunteers and clients. Quantitative analysis produced in-depth community profiles using secondary Statistics Canada census data. Data were also  gathered from the various forms of content generated by the organizations to deliver the services and information they provide to their respective clients (web pages, pamphlets, newsletters, etc.).This is an invited re-publication of the CIRP final report .
Introducción: TIC y América Latina: una revision desde las bases hasta la torre de marfil
Authors: Villanueva Eduardo , Roessner Christoph
Published: December 2020

Introducción: TIC y América Latina: una revision desde las bases hasta la torre de marfil
Sistemas comunitarios de satisfacción a necesidades de conectividad en la sociedad de la información: el caso de Argentina
Authors: Finquelievich Susana , Finquelievich Daniel Gustavo
Published: December 2020

Este artículo se focaliza en la capacidad de las comunidades, mediante las iniciativas y acciones de diversos actores sociales, tanto privados como provenientes de la sociedad civil, para satisfacer sus necesidades con respecto al acceso a las herramientas de la Sociedad de la Información mediante innovaciones sociales y/o tecnológicas, en ausencia o insuficiencia de estrategias estatales. La hipótesis central de este trabajo es que, del mismo modo que Steven Johnson (2001) plantea que las sociedades poseen la posibilidad de autoorganizarse en sistemas emergentes, hallando las mejores soluciones a sus problemas y sus necesidades, al igual que las comunidades participan en las innovaciones socio-técnicas que les conciernen, los emprendimientos que han dado lugar a la conectividad por medio de los cibercafés y las cooperativas serían una forma de autoorganización social para satisfacer una necesidad social no completamente resuelta por el Estado, por las instituciones educativas ni por otras organizaciones comunitarias. Para sostener este argumento, se analizan dos tipos de estrategias en Argentina: una proveniente de pequeños emprendimientos del sector privado, los cibercafés, y otra que se origina en la Sociedad Civil, las Cooperativas Comunitarias de Telecomunicaciones.
El rol de los telecentros comunitarios en las comunidades indígenas de Sololà, Guatemala
Authors: Tuy Vilma
Published: December 2020

Desde hace muchos años saber utilizar la computadora en las oficinas era un conocimiento requerido para las personas, en los mercados laborales. En nuestras escuelas rurales, las necesidades básicas aun no están cubiertas, existen muchas escuelas en donde los niños reciben sus enseñanzas en condiciones deplorables.  Tener una escuela rural en donde exista un laboratorio que permita el aprendizaje sobre los medios electrónicos de comunicación, es sencillamente un sueño que esta lejano a la realidad. En nuestros países tercermundistas, la inversión social se destina a cubrir las necesidades más vitales de la población y la inversión en infraestructura para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las tecnologías de información y comunicación, ocupan los últimos lugares en la escala de prioridades.Este artículo presenta la situación en las comunidades indígenes de Sololá, en Guatemala, a la luz de lo mencionado.
Brazilian Digital Inclusion Public Policy: achievements and challenges
Authors: Mori Cristina Kiomi , Assumpção Rodrigo Ortiz
Published: December 2020

Brazilian Digital Inclusion Public Policy: achievements and cha This article presents the achievements and challenges of the digital inclusion public policy in Brazil from the perspective of agents working within the Federal Government. It starts with statistics on access to ICT infrastructure in general as well as the actual location of Internet use and socio-economic profile of the users. These indicators relate to the Federal Government strategies to face the digital divide. Three main strategies guide the implementation of the digital inclusion public policy: home access, school and community access centers. Effort is made to supply equipments, connectivity, human resources and capacity building programs, monitored by constant evaluation and indicator building processes. Among many ongoing initiatives, the Computers for Inclusion project (inspired by the Canadian Computers for Schools) and the National Digital Inclusion Observatory are explained in detail. The major challenges are then presented: broadband access in all regions; funds for the maintenance of existing infrastructure; local content production; qualified digital inclusion agents; participatory steering mechanisms for programs, community centers and schools; expanding the numbers of digital inclusion units; co-responsibility among Federal, State and Municipal levels. The conclusion ponders that while many results were achieved in implementing and measuring the strategies for bridging the digital divide, overcoming the stated challenges needs the effective involvement of Government in all its levels in partnership with society.
Technology Mediated Learning: Building Capacity in Rural Communities
Authors: Bruce David W , Hagens Victoria , Ellis Katrina
Published: December 2020

Internet access in rural Canada increases opportunities for learning and interaction among community leaders. Research on the use of chat room technology to facilitate learning and development revealed that there were significant barriers, including time constraints, lack of prior social and professional contact among participants, and limited value placed on informal learning relative to other daily activities. Communications technologies such as chat rooms have the potential to help meet personal and community goals, but they must be effectively combined with other community assets and circumstances for the benefits of their use to be realized.
Time, space and the wireless community network
Authors: Adria Marco
Published: December 2020

Wireless zones are of increasing interest to scholars and practitioners of community informatics because of their promise of universal access to technology. They have been established quickly by municipalities, cooperatives, and private companies, especially in urban centres. A wireless zone may be located either indoors or outdoors, with access to users provided through devices such as laptop computers or personal digital assistants. The spatial organization of wireless zones is inextricably linked to the design of urban spaces and to existing or envisioned transportation routes. Following transportation routes for the design of communication infrastructure has its roots in the 19th-century strategy of threading the telegraph network through the continental railways. The implications of such a strategy for community uses of technology are considered in this article. Drawing on medium theory, I argue that participation in community informatics in an era of virtual identities and mediated communication requires attention to the broad effects of technology, particularly in connection to changing conceptions of time and space. Some implications for community networks are provided.
“Getting Turned On”: Using ICT Training To Promote Active Ageing In New York City
Authors: Gardner Paula J , Kamber Tom , Netherland Julie
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this mixed-method study was to examine how participation in a senior’s technology training program influences the social environments and active ageing of older New Yorkers. Findings demonstrate increased and sustained use, improved ability and confidence with computer and Internet technology, and a substantial and positive effect on social connectedness, access to information, and social and civic participation among participants. Authors conclude with a discussion of how comprehensive, community-based ICT training programs (such as OATS) can support the ongoing engagement and re-engagement of older adults within society by building, maintaining and restoring their place within their various communities.
Serving Seniors with Simple Technology – From Indoor to Outdoor Emergency Support and Care
Authors: Ng Carmen
Published: December 2020

For 15 years, Senior Citizen Home Safety Association (SCHSA) has been providing 24-hour emergency support and care to seniors living in the community. By integrating mobile technology applications with social services, SCHSA has been able to extend the emergency support from indoor to outdoor in 2008. With a specially designed one-button device and via mobile technology, including mobile communications and mobile positioning service, seniors can easily seek timely assistance from SCHSA’s Call Centre anywhere in the street. According to the user satisfaction survey, over 80% of users expressed that the service has brought them peace of mind.
The Promises and Perils of Open Government Data (OGD)
Authors: Davies Tim G. , Bawa Zainab Ashraf
Published: December 2020

This editorial essay presents an overview of the contributions in the Special Issue. It also raises critical questions for further research and thinking about Open Government Data.
“This is what modern deregulation looks like” : co-optation and contestation in the shaping of the UK’s Open Government Data Initiative
Authors: Bates Jo
Published: December 2020

The article argues, drawing on interviews, event observations, academic and policy literature, that the UK’s Open Government Data (OGD) initiative should be understood as part of a deep seated social and political struggle with significant processes of co-optation and contestation over outcomes underway. The OGD initiative’s intersections with both the PSI re-use industry and the UK government’s programme of forced ‘austerity’ and marketisation of public services are problematised. Civil society advocates’ vulnerabilities within this context are discussed and a number of recommendations are offered for the progressive shaping of OGD based on egalitarian principles.
Open Government Data and the Right to Information: Opportunities and Obstacles
Authors: Janssen Katleen
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the relationship between the open government data (OGD) movement and the right to information (RTI) movement. While both movements are closely related, there are some differences that may have a considerable impact on the right of the citizen to access government information. The article argues that the calls for OGD may on the one hand risk limiting the access to government information, while on the other hand they may also provide an alternative source of access to information for existing freedom of information legislation, which is being threatened in some countries.
From Rural Women’s Groups to the World:
Authors: Toland Janet
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the contribution that information and communication technologies (ICTs) make to regional development. ICTs offer the potential to improve the quality of information flow within regional settings. This research investigates the impact that ICTs have at the regional level, and the role they play in developing local, regional and global networks. The ICT networks are themselves affected by local regional culture and this research examines the recursive relationship between the soft networks created by social capital and hard ICT based networks. The setting for this research is regional New Zealand. One urban and one rural region have been studied over the twenty year period, from 1985 to 2005. In the regional setting tacit or soft knowledge is built up through networks such as “Women in Dairying” and “Grey Power”. Social interaction and the exchange of information are easier and cheaper in the regional context. Within the regional setting these soft social networks interact with hard ICT based networks, and when brought together they can facilitate both national and international information flows. A historical approach has been used to plot the development of both soft and hard networks in the two contrasting regions. In terms of soft networks New Zealand became more culturally diverse and liberal especially in the urban areas. Social capital in terms of volunteering and membership of community groups was high throughout the period though its form changed. As the country worked on developing new global trading links with new partners in Asia, there was a parallel fast take up of new ICTs such as the Internet which offered the opportunity to overcome some of the barriers created by the geographic remoteness of New Zealand. The focus of this paper will be on the interplay between these soft social networks and the hard ICT based networks and the role they play in establishing national and global linkages.
Narrating Aboriginality On-Line: Digital Storytelling, Identity and Healing
Authors: Adelson Naomi , Olding Michelle
Published: December 2020

Digital story-telling is a counter-narrative of healing for many indigenous youth in Canada today.  As much as e-health technologies are valuable and empowering an interventionist presumption limits the potential value of digital communication as a healing resource. With examples from three digital story-telling sites, we explore the internet as both a social space and therapeutic tool where indigenous youth  are constructing and negotiating Aboriginality through online story sharing. Those digital stories, like other narrative forms, are part of a larger complex of contemporary forms of healing.
Facilitating community innovation: The Outils-Réseaux Way
Authors: Heaton Lorna , Millerand Florence , Proulx Serge
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we describe the work of Outils-Réseaux,  a French group whose mission is to encourage the development and use of collaborative tools by associative movements. We focus in particular on a recent experiment among a group of citizens in Brest, France. Drawing on interviews and an analysis of the content of the project’s Wiki pages, we reflect on the how a training program for group facilitators participates in community innovation, where the community itself is an essential element of the innovation. We explore the coevolution of both technical infrastructure (tools for collaboration) and the community, and show how Outils-Réseaux mediates between the (social) world of users and the technical world of software developers.
Communities, Crowds and Focal Sites: Fine-Tuning the Theoretical Grounding of Collaboration Online
Authors: Lev-On Azi
Published: December 2020

The paper gives a bird's eye view of theories that address collaboration in communities on the Internet. Theories of collaboration in offline communities focus on local dynamics and institutions that produce social control. Some pre-conditions for social control that are highlighted in the literature, such as limited exit options, the multiplexity of the community experience as well as clear group boundaries, are identified. It is argued that such theories are of limited value for explaining collaboration in online communities. Two alternative routes that are more appropriate for explaining why communities ground collaboration online, are presented.
Integration of ICT onto Curricula in the Western Cape Schools: The Activity Theory Perspective
Authors: Mlitwa Nhlanhla Wilton , Koranteng Kesewaa
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the findings of an empirical study into the status of ICT integration into school curricula in the Western Cape. It also offers an activity theory based framework to analyse socio-technical phenomena including the application of information technology into educational contexts. Since the schooling system in South Africa (SA) is facing quality challenges, and that ICT is recognised as a key enabler of efficiencies, efforts to integrate ICT into schools are commendable. In this respect, the e-Education policy provides for all schools to be equipped with physical ICT resources. Intrigued by this ambition, the authors sought to understand the evidence of these undertaking among disadvantaged schools in SA. In this quest, a qualitative study was conducted, using a case study method - to investigate progress of ICT integration into disadvantaged schools in the Western Cape .A sample of educators and school coordinators of ICT programs in 4 Western Cape schools was selected, with 8 participants interviewed. The Activity theory analytical framework was developed in this respect. The framework presents ICT integration programme as an activity system consisting of actors, mediators, tools and activities that work together to inform outcomes. Outcomes can either be positive or negative, depending on the interplay between negative and positive mediators, availability and relevance of tools as well as relevance of activities. Findings indicate a negative picture. Computer density was found to be disappointing, with the average ratio of 76 learners per computer. In addition, very few subjects had a computer facilitated aspect. ICT skills amongst teachers were also minimal, with the best of teachers having only received basic training that did not empower them to use computer-based educational programs. Drawing on the activity system framework, it emerges that the goals, mediating factors, and activities in the e-Education policy implementation are disjointed. Implementers are advised to revise the deployment of ICT into schools and possibly have personnel to audit the process, including the funding model. Lastly authorities should invest in teacher training programs and ensure that competent facilitators are appointed to train educators. Also the teacher-training programs provided should be prioritised.
Optimisation of Livestock Identification and Trace-back System LITS Database to meet Local Needs: Case Study of Botswana
Authors: Mooketsi Bojelo Esther
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Livestock Identification and Trace-back System was implemented by the Botswana Government to meet the traceability requirement imposed by the European Union. To date, no study has been done in Botswana to explore the extent to which the Livestock Identification and Trace-back System is used to support farmers in cattle management. This study established that although the LITS database has the potential to be used to meet local needs of cattle farmers and other stakeholders, it is not. The researcher argues that the LITS database can be used for other cattle management related purposes such as cattle tracing within Botswana and proposes that those in charge of stray cattle and the police, be allowed limited access to the database for work related purposes.
An analysis of factors influencing success of ICT4D projects: a case study of the Schools Computerisation Programme in Mashonaland West Province, Zimbabwe.
Authors: Musiyandaka Donna , Ranga Gideon , Kiwa Jacqueline Fungai
Published: December 2020

A study was carried out to ascertain the reasons for low usage of computers donated through a Schools Computerisation Programme in rural government secondary schools in Mashonaland West Province. Beneficiaries of the programme (i.e. headmasters, teachers, school children, community residents) in three districts were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. The most prevalent reasons were low computer literacy, limited access to computers, internet/culture conflicts, no spill-over effects of ICTs to surrounding communities and high-levels of technophobia. We recommend a coordinated multi-dimensional participatory Critical Success Factors Model which can be used for similar ICT4D projects so that programmes realise their originally intended outcomes.
Burial Mounds Near Kachkarovka Village
Authors: Yevdokimov Henadii , Danylko Natalia , Pustovalov Serhii
Published: December 2020

The materials of the mounds located on the Lower Dnieper Right Bank, investigated by the Krasnoznamiansk expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in 1995, are introduced into scientific circulation. In total, 27 burials were examined, mainly of the Early Bronze Age, which were located in three burial mounds that fell into the reclamation zone between the villages of Kachkarovka and Sablukovka of the Beryslavskyi district of the Kherson Region The total number of mounds reaches 16 units. The Bronze Age of this region has been extremely insufficiently studied. Therefore, the published burials substantially supplement the understanding of it. As in other places, the first Yamna culture burials in the mounds are oriented along the west-eastern line, the later burials are oriented in a circle. The shape of the graves, the position of the buried people is typical for this region. These are rectangular pits with marked corners, shoulders or ledges. At a later stage — on the right or left side. Children’s Yamna culture graves with a large amount of inventory draw attention. For the Early Bronze Age, this is evidence of the presence of a powerful social center of the Yamna population. At the same time, the burials of adults are not distinguished by either size or inventory. In addition to ceramics, among the items were found two rather rare items — Pan’s flutes — bone musical instruments made of the middle parts of bird bones. Also important is the discovery of a Yamna culture pot in an Ingul grave, which is another evidence of the long-term coexistence of these two groups of population.
Performance of map applications on mobile devices: case study
Authors: Król Karol , Halva Jozef , Pagáč Mokrá Alexandra
Published: December 2020

Performance is one of the most important indicators of quality of software. It plays a significant role not only for business websites and apps, but in case of map components and applications, especially for mobile devices. The aim of the paper is to measure performance of map applications on mobile devices. The performance testing was run on a prototype of an interactive map component of the zoom-lens type using selected web applications. Speed Index (measurement unit) reached the value of 1601 milliseconds, and Performance Score obtained the highest possible value (100 units). A high value of Lighthouse Performance Score was also noted (98 units). Study showed that satisfying measurement results of indices in relation to the time of loading of the component in the browser window are associated with a small size of the component. In case of small components, which enhance the functionality of map websites and apps, it is recommended to compress all parts of the component, regardless of the results of the performance tests.
Teaching practicum and the development of professional and pedagogical knowledge
Authors: Rosas Minerva , Ormeño Verónica , Ruiz-Aguilar Cristian
Published: December 2020

To assess the progressive teaching practicums included in an English Teaching Programme at a Chilean university, 60 former student-teachers answered a questionnaire with both Likert-scale and open-ended questions. The issues assessed included the relationship between the progressive teaching practicums and the curriculum’s modules and sequence, and the skills developed while implementing innovation projects during the student-teachers’ two final practicums. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses allowed us to identify both strengths and weaknesses. The participants highlighted strengths in the areas of teaching strategies, critical thinking skills and professional and pedagogical knowledge. Among the weaknesses, they identified limited supervision and feedback, and diverging views on teaching education between the university and the schools as the most difficult to deal with. These findings may be useful for introducing improvements in Initial Teacher Education aimed at reducing problems and discrepancies and devising suitable induction processes.
Lessons learnt from being an 'insider' to the research context: Gathering data 'at home' while enrolled as a PhD student overseas
Authors: Nhung Vu Thi Tuyet
Published: December 2020

This article retells the story of a researcher from the time she prepared for the data-gathering in her home country, to the time she was in the field. The story, in her own words, are reflections on how she utilised the advantages of being an insider to the studied context. The lessons illustrated by the researcher in this article may help other international postgraduate students studying in New Zealand—as well as their PhD supervisors—understand some of the multiple factors that affect the PhD students’ study, and how each PhD student may negotiate and adjust to accomplish their mission to gather data in their home country while enrolled in an overseas university.
INFORMATION APPROACH TO DETERMINING THE TRAFFIC ROUTE BY VEHICLES DRIVERS IN CITIES
Authors: Y. O. Davidich  , I. V. Chumachenko  , A. S. Galkin  , N. V. Davidich  , Y. I. Кush
Published: December 2020

Purpose. Modeling the transport network, streamlining the development and planning of traffic flows, which is possible through the introduction of information technology, leads to better control of the transport system and transport operations. The study is aimed at gaining new knowledge on determining traffic routes for vehicle drivers in cities. Currently discovered patterns of drivers choosing traffic routes are offered for all drivers of vehicles, regardless of their individual characteristics. Methodology. When determining the patterns of drivers choosing the routes of vehicles in cities, it is proposed to conduct differentially depending on the individual characteristics of drivers, which are determined by the type of nervous system. Based on the analysis, factors were identified that affect the choice of traffic route for drivers. In order to fix the identified factors, a survey was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire. To take into account the individual characteristics of drivers using a typological questionnaire, the type of nervous system was determined. To determine the patterns of choice of traffic routes for drivers of vehicles, methods of regression analysis were used. Findings. Based on the data obtained from a survey of vehicle drivers, a model was developed for changing the correspondence share implemented by the drivers with the sanguine type of nervous system on the alternative traffic routes. A statistical evaluation of the resulting model indicates the admissibility of its use for predicting the parameters of traffic flows in urban sustainable development projects. Originality. For the first time, the authors conducted a study of the patterns of choice of traffic routes for drivers of vehicles, taking into account the individual characteristics of drivers, which are determined by the type of nervous system. Practical value. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to model the transport network, rationalize the development and plan traffic flows, which is possible through the introduction of information technologies. Modeling the traffic routes of vehicles makes it possible to analyze the throughput of highways and intersections. The introduction of information technology leads to better control of the transport system and transport operations.
Pandemics and Tax Innovations: What can we Learn from History?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Pogorletskiy A. I. , Söllner F. ,   Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
Published: December 2020

In this article, we shall see how pandemics of deadly diseases have changed tax systems over the past two millennia, each time leading to the emergence of new forms of taxation and tax administration. The purpose of the article is to prove that pandemics and the most notable innovations in tax policy are closely interrelated and that the consequences of the largest pandemics in the history of mankind are new approaches to the organization of national tax systems as well as the formation of interstate tax regulation. The lessons from history can be applied to the current corona crisis and may help us devise the appropriate anti-crisis tax policy. The study is based on the historical empirical-inductive method applied to reliable facts of the past related to pandemics and taxation. We trace the evolution of tax policy under the impact of the most significant pandemics and identify patterns of taxation and tax administration that are specific to their eras and are still relevant in the course of the pandemic COVID-19. Our analysis allows us to draw the following conclusions: (1) There is a historical link between pandemics and tax regulation. Many tax innovations originated in response to the consequences of large-scale epidemics of deadly diseases. (2) Many of the tax incentive tools used today in the fight against the corona crisis have already been used during previous pandemics so that we may learn from the experience of earlier times. (3) The COVID-19 pandemic can be expected to have several important consequences for taxation and public finance: innovations in tax administration with an emphasis on remote fiscal audits and digital control; innovations in the taxation of digital companies and their operations at the national and international level; possibly fundamental changes in the tax system of the European Union; and possibly a return of the inflation tax.
Nutrients Load Estimation in a Regulated Streamflow Estuary: The São Francisco Estuary (NE/Brazil)
Authors: Melo Edmara Ramos , Brandini Nilva , Medeiros Paulo Ricardo Petter , Silva Rosiberto , Cavalcante Geórgenes
Published: December 2020

Abstract This study aimed to estimate the nutrients concentration variability in the São Francisco estuary from observed data during the summer and winter seasons of 2014 and to assess the influence of outflow discharges, circulation and precipitation on nutrients fluxes exchange. The marginal difference in the streamflow (1,160 m3/s - summer; 1,260 m3/s - winter) reflected the small role of the river discharge on the variability of the nutrients load. The increase in the sediments load from February (13189.70 T/month) to July (36088.56 T/month) revealed that high precipitation (153.6 mm - winter; 37.6 mm - summer) and internal circulation might have contributed to enhancing the sediment budge towards the estuary mouth. The strong current velocity in July (~0.9 m/s) revealed more potential to export estuarine waters towards the coast when compared to ~0.7 m/s (February). The concentrations and nutrients load were higher during the winter season led by phosphate (3.70 μgL-1) and NID (83.64 μg L-1), against (1.38 μgL-1 and 30.70 μgL-1 - summer), except for silicates with 4.20 mgL-1 (summer) and 3.59 mgL-1 (winter). Despite the active control of outflows, the internal circulation, followed by local precipitation, are considered the main mechanisms behind the increased nutrients load within the estuary.
Immediate and late follow-up effects of class III early correction in cleft lip and palate patients treated with maxillary protraction
Authors: MIRANDA Carolina Mazon , SOUZA Rodrigo Matos de , VENEZIAN Giovana Cherubini , FRANZINI Cristina , CUSTODIO William
Published: December 2020

Abstract Introduction There is no consensus about the immediate and latte follow-up effects of maxillary protraction in cleft lip and palate patients. Objective To evaluate the stability of Class III early treatment in cleft lip and palate patients through maxillary expansion and protraction. Material and method The sample consists in three lateral cephalometric radiographs of 28 patients (mean pre-treatment age of 6.7±1.8 years) who presented cleft lip and palate and were treated with maxillary expansion and Petit facial mask. The angular (SNA, SNB, ANB, SN.GoGn, FMA, Z Angle) and linear (overjet, Co-A, Co-Gn, Nperp-A, Nperp-Pg, AO-BO) cephalometric measures were evaluated through the Dolphin® software, in three moments: T0 (initial), T1 (after treatment), and T2 (follow-up). Data were submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer test. The correlation between cephalometric measures and patient’s age was determined by Pearson’s chi-squared test. Result The SNA, ANB, and AO-BO measures increased considerably (p<0.05), and they did not present any differences compared to the initial ones after the follow-up time. The overjet measure increased (p<0.05) after treatment and, even with its decrease at the follow-up time, it was still higher than at the beginning (p<0.05). The Z angle showed improvement with treatment and remained stable at the follow-up time. Conclusion After treatment (maxillary expansion associated with protraction), there was a skeletal pattern improvement. During the follow-up period, those alterations decreased to a measure close to the beginning. There was an improvement in the dental pattern and facial profile that continued in the follow-up period.
Metabolic syndrome components and face shape variation in elderly
Authors: Pinto Lélia Lessa Teixeira , Carmo Thaís Barros do , Sales Alessandra Santos , Nunes Lorena Andrade , Casotti Cezar Augusto
Published: December 2020

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the metabolic syndrome (MS) components mostly influencing face shape in elderly individuals. This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study carried out with elderly individuals living in Aiquara County, Bahia State. Facial images at frontal view and MS were classified according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (revised version). Discriminant function, cross validation and distance Mahalanobis D2 were used to extract face shape variations due to MS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate MS components’ influence on face shape. The total of 193 elderly individuals were selected; there were significant differences in face shape due to MS (p <0.01) in both sexes. PCA 1 showed HDL-C in men, which accounted for 37% of the total variation. HDL-C in biplot is associated with individuals who do not have MS and with elderly individuals with MS - there was correlation between waist circumference and triglycerides. PCA 1 represented 33.2% of the total variation in women; this outcome is explained by triglycerides. There was association between blood glucose and waist circumference in biplot. HDL-C is related to women who do not have MS. Facial variations affected by MS did not derive from the action of any of the MS components, but from the association between them. Thus, geometric morphometrics emerges as a promising method that makes it possible identifying heart disease and metabolic risk factors according to face shape features.
Body segments and biological maturation to estimate the propulsive force of the arm in young swimmers
Authors: Oliveira Mariana do Nascimento Sena , Queiroz Daniel da Rocha , Costa Marlene Salvina Fernandes da , Silva Arthur Henrique Oliveira da , Silva José Francisco da , Correia Junior Marco Aurélio de Valois , Melo Wilson Viana de Castro , Farias Júnior José Cazuza de , Santos Marcos André Moura dos
Published: December 2020

Abstract This study aimed to estimate the propulsive force of the arm (PFA) in young freestyle swimmers and propose an equation to estimate propulsive force, considering anthropometric variables and maturity offset. Seventy-six competitive swimmers [boys: n= 53; age= 13.58 ± 1.79; girls: n= 23; age= 12.98 ± 1.79] participated in this study. Height, lean mass, sitting height, leg length, arm span, triceps skinfold, arm muscle area (AMA), and maturity offset were assessed. The propulsive force of the arm was measured by the tethered swim test. A multiple linear regression (concurrent model) was used to develop the equation using the variables AMA, arm span, and maturity offset. The Bland–Altman method was used to compare the values found between PFA and propulsive force–estimated (PFE). There was a significant correlation between the variables PFA and AMA (R²=0.12; p<0.01), arm span (R²=0.21; p<0.01), and maturity offset (R²=0.20; p<0.01) for boys, whilst in girls theses values were: AMA (R²=0.07;p=0.20), arm span (R²=0.50;p<0.01), and maturity offset (R²=0.44;p<0.01). Two linear equations were established to predict the PFA in boys and girls Bland-Altman analysis showed an agreement between PFA and PFE. In conclusion, the equation is a valuable tool to monitor training and help improve swimmer performance.
Kinanthropometry in Brazilian Physical Education (1970s): a new knowledge perspective for this field
Authors: Silva Carolina Fernandes da , Katcipis Luiz Felipe Guarise , Borba Bruna Letícia de , Freitas Alice Francisco
Published: December 2020

Abstract The aim of the present study is to understand the constitution of kinanthropometry as scientific disciplinary field in the 1970s in Brazil. Therefore, a bibliographic review was carried out in nine databases and in a specific journal focused on publications from the Kinanthopometry perspective, since this is an element to legitimize a scientific discipline. Only two studies dealing with this topic were selected. Given such a gap in the literature, three interviews with professors who organized the Physical Education (PE) course laboratories, as well as a newspaper report from the period, were used in the study. Different names have been associated with the scientific field of human composition assessment throughout history, as well as formulating different body perceptions, such as Biometrics, Anthropometry and kinanthropometry. Each of these factors determine relationships with the involved socio-cultural context. Such a complexity to understand a conjecture within a historical time expands the space available for analyses. In the 1960s, the term kinanthropometry emerged in foreign countries as a new way of interpreting human body composition assessments linked to knowledge in the PE field based on movement and anatomy. This term was imported by Brazilian researchers after their contact with scientists in USA and Canada, since it offered the possibility of acquiring new representations for research in the PE field back in the 1970s.
ADHERENCE TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION, PRESSORIC CONTROL AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
Authors: Nascimento Monique Oliveira do , Bezerra Simone Maria Muniz da Silva
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate adherence to antihypertensive medication, blood pressure levels, and associated factors in hypertensive individuals monitored by primary health care. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, carried out in Family Health Strategies in the city of Recife, Brazil. Data collection took place from April to August 2018. To assess adherence, the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used, an 8-item scale that addresses some behaviors when taking antihypertensive medication, such as: forgetfulness, non-intentional intake, reduced dose, interruption of treatment, and discomfort following the prescription. In the data analysis, the Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results: a total of 421 hypertensive individuals participated in the study. Low, medium and high adherence was observed, respectively, at 48.5%, 38.7% and 12.8%. High/Medium adherence was associated with single individuals (p=0.005), without work activity (p=0.043), who did not report stress (p=0.001) and hypertensive urgency/emergency (p=0.037), without side effects of antihypertensive drugs (p=0.012), and who made continuous use of other drugs (p=0.001). Blood pressure control was verified in 205 hypertensive individuals and an association was established with females (p=0.033), younger age (p=0.041), higher schooling (p=0.008), use of up to 2 antihypertensive drugs (p=0.006) and absence of side effects (p=0.026). Conclusion: the predominance of low adherence and uncontrolled pressure in some groups show the need to redirect health promotion actions in primary care, especially in the program for people with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus.