bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rule Extraction From Neuro-fuzzy System for Classification Using Feature Weights
Authors: Singh Heisnam Rohen , Biswas Saroj Kr
Published: March 2020

Recent trends in data mining and machine learning focus on knowledge extraction and explanation, to make crucial decisions from data, but data is virtually enormous in size and mostly associated with noise. Neuro-fuzzy systems are most suitable for representing knowledge in a data-driven environment. Many neuro-fuzzy systems were proposed for feature selection and classification; however, they focus on quantitative (accuracy) than qualitative (transparency). Such neuro-fuzzy systems for feature selection and classification include Enhance Neuro-Fuzzy (ENF) and Adaptive Dynamic Clustering Neuro-Fuzzy (ADCNF). Here a neuro-fuzzy system is proposed for feature selection and classification with improved accuracy and transparency. The novelty of the proposed system lies in determining a significant number of linguistic features for each input and in suggesting a compelling order of classification rules using the importance of input feature and the certainty of the rules. The performance of the proposed system is tested with 8 benchmark datasets. 10-fold cross-validation is used to compare the accuracy of the systems. Other performance measures such as false positive rate, precision, recall, f-measure, Matthews correlation coefficient and Nauck's index are also used for comparing the systems. It is observed from the experimental results that the proposed system is superior to the existing neuro-fuzzy systems.
Game Jams for Learning and Teaching
Authors: Meriläinen Mikko , Aurava Riikka , Kultima Annakaisa , Stenros Jaakko
Published: March 2020

Game jams are intensive events focusing on creation. Their popularity and visibility have soared in recent years. The phenomenon has attracted the attention of scholars interested in education and learning, and the potential of game jams has been studied in various ways. Increasingly, game jams have come to be viewed as a site for learning. They are seen as activities for developing technical skills needed for digital game development, developing so-called soft skills such as collaboration and communication skills and as a way to teach and learn science, technology, engineering, arts, mathematics (STEAM) skills. In this article, the educational aspects of game jams are explored from multidisciplinary points of view. Combining education science, design research, and game studies, the authors position game jamming at the intersection of these disciplines to explore its various learning dimensions. This positioning provides a starting point for future studies of game jamming in the context of learning and teaching and invites discussion from diverse fields of study.
Digitalisation in the Public Sector
Authors: Maxwell Leonardo , Taner Ezgi , Jonathan Gideon Mekonnen
Published: March 2020

Digitalisation in the public sector has attracted the attention of political and administrative leaders as well as researchers. Empirical studies suggest that most of the digitalisation efforts fail to achieve the intended efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness of the public sector. While digitalisation is a hot research agenda, only a few studies explored the issue in public organisations. This study, therefore, attempts to address the gap in the literature and identify the factors influencing digitalisation in the public sector. A case study is conducted at one of the largest state-owned enterprises in Liberia, the National Social Security and Welfare Corporation (NASSCORP). The data collected through interviews and examination of internal documents were analysed thematically. The study resulted in the identification of 13 factors influencing digitalisation in the public sector, which are related to technology, organisation as well as the environment. The contribution of the study to research and practice is presented along with the potential future research opportunities.
Risk Management in Information Systems Projects
Authors: Varajão João , Amaral António
Published: March 2020

Information technologies (IT) and information systems (IS) are the backbone of any developed business, and organizations without them cannot compete. In recent decades, many best practices standards, and guides have been made available to project managers and organizations aimed to improve project management. Unfortunately, IS projects continue to show a poor track record, and problems related to project management performance persists. Risk management has a vital role in this context since it can increase the likelihood and impact of positive events, and decrease the likelihood and impact of adverse events in the project. This article presents the results of an international web-based survey, studying if risk management processes are being implemented consistently in IS project management. The obtained results show low levels of risk management processes implementation and reinforce the idea that “it can be risky not to do risk management,” demanding more research in this area.
A User Centered Model Driven Service Oriented Ubiquitous Government Design Approach
Authors: Djilali Idoughi , Abdelhakim Djeddi
Published: March 2020

Delivering government services using information and communication technologies has gained great success, and raised citizens' need to access the presented services in ubiquitous ways. Leading governments and institutes in this field have already started to invest in this field and dispute that it has been over twenty years since the presentation of the concept of ubiquity there are no adaptable and reusable frameworks for creating large ubiquitous systems, since the developed ones were small and destined to create specific systems. In this article, the authors present a development approach that combines XP fast development, MDA's automated development and ease of modifying and updating, and the domain-oriented development that allows for the creation of a virtual image of governments agencies with a focus on active involvement of future system's users.
An Incentive Compatible Mechanism for Replica Placement in Peer-Assisted Content Distribution
Authors: Bhattacharya Prabir , Guo Minzhe
Published: March 2020

Content delivery is a key technology on the Internet to achieve large scale, low-latency, reliable, and intelligent data delivery. Replica placement (RP) is a key machinery in content delivery systems to achieve efficient and effective content delivery. This work proposes a novel decentralized algorithm for the replica placement in peer-assisted content delivery networks with simultaneous considerations for peer incentives. By applying techniques from the algorithmic mechanism design theory, the authors show the incentive compatibility of the proposed algorithm. Experiments were conducted to validate the properties of the proposed method and comparisons were made with the state-of-the-art RP algorithms.
Hydrophilic Finishing for Polyester Fabric Using Plasma and Chitosan
Authors: Yin Wei , Wang Yan
Published: March 2020

Polyester fabric has the disadvantage of poor hydrophilicity which reduces its wearing comfort and limits its usage in clothing industry. Chitosan especially that of low molecular weight is effective in hydrophilic finishing for polyester fabric, while using plasma processing can greatly improve the effect. This is a green and environmental protection process. Two sets of orthogonal experiments and analysis are done to research the factors that influence the plasma processing effect and the chitosan finishing effect which points out the variation tendency and the best processing conditions.
Study on Ultra - High Pressure Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Umbilicaria in Yellow Mountain
Authors: Sun Ke Kui , Wei Ji Ang
Published: March 2020

The effect of ultra-high pressure technology on the extraction of polysaccharides from Huangshan Stone Ear was studied. The effects of solid-liquid ratio, pressure and time on the yield of polysaccharides from umbilicaria were investigated by single factor experiment, and the experiment was optimized by response surface experiment design. Under the conditions of pressure maintaining time of 14.36 min, pressure of 303 MPa and ratio of solid to liquid of 1: 54, the theoretical yield of polysaccharides was12.85±1.32%, 1.18 times as high as that of hot water extraction and 1.39 times as high as that of ultrasonic-assisted extraction. This experiment proved that it is feasible to use ultra-high pressure technology to assist in the extraction of stone ear polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the ultra-high pressure technology also has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and low temperature requirement, which provides a new and efficient method for extraction of polysaccharides from umbilicaria.
Study on Seismic Absorption Performance of Assembled Shear Wall Structure under Pre-Stressed Constraint
Authors: Yin Xin Sheng , Liu Xiao Wei
Published: March 2020

In order to respond to the construction policy of "economy, application, green and beauty" put forward by China in the new period, the assembly structure has gradually become the focus of attention in recent years. Compared with the traditional cast-in-place structure, the assembled structure is more in line with the requirements of energy-saving, material-saving, environmental protection, etc. Therefore, it is of great importance to further study the seismic performance of assembled structures. However, existing assembled shear wall structures often suffer from problems such as the joint position is difficult to construct because of its wet work, and strong component weak nodes often appear. The seismic performance of the joints needs to be further studied and so on. Aiming to solve above problems, a new type of pre-stressed constraint assembled shear wall structure was proposed by us. The structure is connected by pre-stressed tendon to shear wall, and there is no wet operation at the construction site, which is conductive to improving construction quality. When the earthquake occurs, the structure can increase its self-shock period by changing its own stiffness, so as to reduce the earthquake stress. Meanwhile, many conditions to improve the ductility of the structure do not need to be considered, thus avoid the waste of steel materials. Based on the time history analysis of cast-in-place shear wall structure model and pre-stressed shear wall structure model, the results of calculation show that: compared with cast-in-place shear wall structure, the pre-stressed shear wall structure can effectively reduce the earthquake effect by about 90%.
Cold Area Asphalt Concrete Deck Pavement Technology Research
Authors: Liu Xiu , Yu Xiao Mei , Xu Chu Ang , Chu Jiang Wei
Published: March 2020

As the problem of asphalt concrete bridge deck pavement is becoming more and more serious, how to improve its road performance has become the focus of the study. As the lack of shear strength and bond strength between layers, flaking, raveling and other diseases were occurred on steel bridge deck asphalt pavement. This paper combines the common damages of bridge deck and asphalt concrete pavement in cold area of northeast region, focuses on the analysis of the cause of asphalt concrete pavement damage causes, puts forward preventive measures and recommendations, and present the bridge deck pavement structure in cold area combined with the engineering practice. The research results can effectively guide the construction of bridge deck pavement.
Study on Seismic Performance of C105 Prestressed High Strength Concrete Hollow Pipe Pile
Authors: Wang Shi Meng , Yin Xin Sheng
Published: March 2020

Prestressed concrete pipe pile with high bearing capacity, the advantages of convenient construction, low cost and widely used in practical engineering, because of the prestressed high strength concrete in use process is in complex stress state, both are under a lot of vertical load, and horizontal seismic action needs to be considered at the same time, it is necessary under the condition of considering the vertical load bearing capacity of prestressed high strength concrete level and considering the loading level, the horizontal bearing capacity. Scholars at home and abroad based on the simple hypothesis, puts forward the calculation method of a lot of interaction with soil, in the future will be adopted in calculation, using ABAQUS finite element analysis, this paper established the three-dimensional finite element model of prestressed concrete pipe pile, respectively under different vertical pressure (P = 4000 kn, P = 4800 kn, P = 6000 kn) one-way load and calculated the horizontal bearing capacity, and under repeated load, respectively to study the size of the different vertical pressure and different reinforcement stirrup ratio on its bearing capacity and seismic performance. The results show that the stiffness of pipe pile decreases significantly with the increase of vertical pressure under different vertical loads. With the increase of vertical load, the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the components decrease gradually. The horizontal bearing capacity of prestressed high strength concrete pipe decreases with the increase of vertical pressure. However, its amplitude decreases with the increase of vertical pressure value.
Theoretical Study on Influence of Disk Spacing on Soil Failure State of Expansion Piles under Horizontal Force
Authors: Qian Yong Mei , Zhou Ting Ting , Tian Wei , Alphonci Phaaroe Pherekhong
Published: March 2020

Concrete expansion pile represents a new type of high-efficiency and energy-saving variable-section filling pile and it is formed by special construction technology and equipment, this technology has been basically mature which has been gradually applied to engineering in recent years. It has high bearing capacity, small settlement and uniformity, good economic and social effect, strong anti-overturning ability and flexible design[1]. In this paper, with expansion disk spacing under bearing force as the main parameter variable, numerical simulation is carried out by ANSYS finite element software to analyze the variation relationship between horizontal displacement of the pile top, bending moment of the pile and soil stress around the pile of different disk spacing models under horizontal load, and determine the influence of disk spacing parameter on horizontal bearing capacity of the concrete expansion pile. Through the research of this paper, the influence of failure mode of concrete expansion pile and size of the disk spacing on the horizontal bearing capacity under the horizontal load is qualitatively determined, which provides a theoretical basis for improving design theory and practical application of concrete expansion pile.
Research on Optimization of Airport Pavement Renovation Process
Authors: Wang Xin Yu Fang , Wang You Jun , Key James
Published: March 2020

The huge investment in the airport has great significance for economic development and national defense. In the past 20 years, China has built a large number of airports, and its pavements have been exposed to the outdoor environment for a long time, resulting in easy be damaged. Therefore, in recent years, the problems faced by the renovation of airport pavements have become increasingly prominent. Based on the analysis of the core functional indicators of the airport pavement, the paper establishes the hierarchical structure model, functional model and cost model, and finally forms the optimization model of the renovation process decision. The simulation calculation is carried out through engineering examples, and the advantages, shortcomings and their gaps of different renovation processes are obtained, which prove the rationality and effectiveness of the model.
Research of On-Site Screening and Non-Destructive Testing for Damaged Wooden Components of the Long Corridor in Temple of Heaven
Authors: Li Xin , Qian Wei , Xu Rui , Chang Li Hong , Schubert Max
Published: March 2020

Take the Long Corridor in Temple of Heaven as an example, some screening and testing process for its wooden components which have damaged was recommended. By pre-knocking survey, the wooden components which probably have damaged were screened out and as the important focus. Then, some non-destructive testing methods such as stress-wave testing and micro-drilling resistance testing were utilized. By the comparison, analysis and interaction correction for the testing images, the internal damaged situation of wooden components were obtained. Three typical types of wooden components were selected in this study, and some specific and suitable non-destructive testing methods which adapt to their position characteristic were discussed. Thus, it can give some useful suggestions and data supporting for the later repairing and management works.
Application of Iron Powder Reduction Method to Remove Heavy Metals in Waste Pickling Acid
Authors: Xie Jing Liang , Chi Fei Fei , Meng Fan Li , Peng An Ran
Published: March 2020

The removal of heavy metals in waste pickling acid by iron powder reduction was studied. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature and dosage of iron powder on the removal efficiency of Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb in waste pickling acid were investigated. The results showed that, the removal rate of Cr tended to be stable after 2 h of reaction under magnetic stirring. After 4 hours, the removal rate of Zn,Ni and Pb tended to be stable. The temperature was increased from 20°C to 90 °C, the removal rates of Ni and Pb could be increased by 9.09% and 11.6%, while the removal rates of Zn and Cr were only increased by 1.15% and 2.85%; Increasing the dosage of iron powder was beneficial to the removal of heavy metals in waste pickling acid, and the combined amount of free acid in the waste acid would affect the removal efficiency of heavy metals. The research results had important guiding significance for the practical application of iron powder reduction method in the heavy metal purification project of waste pickling acid.
Study on Unreacted Nuclear Model of Iron Oxide Pellet Reduction
Authors: Zhu Jing Yi , Zhou Xiao Lei , Liu Ning Bin
Published: March 2020

For the unreacted nuclear model, predecessors have established a more complete theoretical model under the assumption of steady-state conditions. And deduced the general equation of the rate of reduction of pellets. In this paper, we focus on the model of iron ore pellet reduction, not only establishing a single-interface unreacted nuclear model but also establishing a three-interface unreacted nuclear model. The activation energy and diffusion coefficient of iron ore reaction under certain conditions are obtained. According to the fitted images, the speed limit factors in the iron ore pellet reaction model are analyzed completely. In this paper, a pellet decomposition model was established to try to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the pellet reaction without the need for experimentation, to simulate the reduction of pellets, and to determine the process of limiting the reaction rate and the process Strengthen.
Study on the Transparent Electronic Isolation Layer Material - A Photoresist Composition which is Stable at High Temperature and Humidity
Authors: Li Wei , Li Da Hong , Cao Jian Ping , Yun Xiang Jun , Kunmar Pawan
Published: March 2020

A negative resist composition composed of an acrylic-copolymer-binder resin, a crosslinker, photoinitiators, some agents and solvents has been UV-cured and developed for OverCoat (OC)-Bridge of One Glass Solution (OGS) touch panel (TP) sensor, wherein acrylic-copolymer-binder resin as a key element consisting of N-Phenylmaleimide (N-Pm), Methacrylic acid (MA), Styrene (St) and Isobornyl methacrylate (iBMA) monomers, being designed and synthesized to control the acid value (90-110mgKOH/g), molecular weight (Mw:10,000-20,000) and approximate solubility parameter [10.67-11.05(cal/cm3)1/2]. Here,we demonstrate a OC photoresist applies between two ITO line-films by UV-curing process technology deveoled for OC-Bridge pattern with a kind of acrylic-copolymer-binder resin by ours. Acting as TP sensor, the OC patterns have adequate resistance to solvents, acids and alkalis, good thermal and humid stability, and with excellent transparency and insulation. This OC photoresist, coupled with the acrylic-copolymer-binder resins, provides an unprecedented approach to realize supporting high temperature and humidity OC-Bridge.
Environmental Assessment of Xinhe Beach Development
Authors: Sun Zhi Lin , Luo Ju Yuan , Xiang Weng Ang , Gong Yu Meng
Published: March 2020

The proliferation of beach renovation is affecting the change of the landform of the coast and threatening the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the impact on the environment after the beach is transformed. The survey area is located near the Shipu fishing port in the south of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. Based on the Delft-3D grid nesting model and wave-fluid coupling model, the astronomical tide and hydrodynamic environment of the 30 days before the construction were simulated. After the beach was rebuilt and sand was added and the spur dike was added, the astronomical tide and hydrodynamic environment were again simulated. Finally, based on the simulated data, the water level, velocity field, effective wave height distribution, and siltation and siltation of Xinhe Beach were obtained. Xinhe Beach's environmental damage risk indicators can be evaluated based on water level, velocity field, effective wave height direction and sediment erosion and deposition. Artificial sanding and construction of spur dikes will change the hydrodynamics and scouring and siltation of Xinhe Beach, but have little effect on the coastal terrain and ecological environment.
Response Surface Method Analysis on Electro-Enhanced Technique for Remediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soil
Authors: Wan Yu Shan , Zhai Ju An , Wang An Wei
Published: March 2020

In view of the problems of long remediation time, high energy consumption and low remediation efficiency in electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, Cd was used to simulate heavy metals in contaminated soil, and response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the factors influencing electrokinetic remediation. Central Composite (CCD) experimental design method was taken to study the effects of electric field strength, remediation time and water content on removal rate of Cd in soil. Also, polynomial regression mathematical model and optimal reaction conditions were provided for Cd pollution in electrokinetic soil remediation. The simulated equation F was 15.67, the correlation coefficient was 0.9338, and the adjustment correlation coefficient was 0.9042, indicating good regression and strong significance of the equation. The model results showed that, for the optimal experimental conditions, electric field strength was 2.25V·cm-1, the remediation time was 120.79h, and the water content was 17.06%. On the basis of such reaction condition, intermittent current flow method was adopted d to further enhance the electrokinetic remediation effect. The cadmium removal rate in the soil was increased by 3.17%, 2.86% and 2.43%, respectively, and the electric energy consumption was decreased by 10.54%, 11.28% and 9.97%, respectively, suggesting that the method could effectively improve the removal rate of Cd and reduce energy consumption.
Numberical Simulation of Evapotranspiration with Limited Data in the Pearl River Basin
Authors: Huang Qi Ang , Tang Chang Yuan , Chen Zi Shen , Li Shao Feng , Li Jia Han
Published: March 2020

This research compared and analyzed the adaptation of four evapotranspiration equations: the FAO56 Penman-Monteith (PM), Priestley-Taylor, Hargreaves-Samani and Thornthwaite equations by using the day-to-day meteorological data of the 42 observation stations in the Pearl River basin. Numberical simulation of the four equations in different seasons and regions was made in order to find out the most suitable one for the evapotranspiration estimate in the Pearl River basin. Results show that the calculation results of the PM equation seem more stable in different seasons and regions, and is closer to the actual observation, due to the detailed consideration of the effects of aerodynamics and energy supply on evapotranspiration in its calculation procedure. The missing data of relative humidity, sunshine duration, wind speed and air pressure would have influence on the calculation accuracy of the PM equation. Temperature can be used to instead of the above variable in the PM equation, which is called the PMT equation. The applicability and the calculation accuracy is explored in this study. And the results show that the calculation results of the PMT equation is larger than those of the PM equation. By setting a correction coefficient in the PMT equation, the calculation accuracy can be obviously improved. Therefore, in the absence of other data, the PMT equation calculated only using temperature data can be use as an ideal equation for the evapotranspiration calculation and research in the Pearl River basin.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Influences of Operational Parameters on Stability of Formation-Cement Sheath-Casing Combination
Authors: Yuan Yong Wen , Cheng Yan Jun , Zhu Jin Xin , Li Liu Yi
Published: March 2020

At present, most of the studies of the stability of the formation-cement sheath-casing combination have been mainly based on the plane, and the three-dimensional model established is only one example. There is no systematic study of the influence of physical parameters and process parameters on the stability of the combined body under the three-dimensional model and the action of triaxial crustal stress. Through the establishment of three-dimensional formation-cement sheath-casing linear elastic combination model, we can study the influence of operational parameters (cement sheath pressure, casing cross section pressure, inner casing pressure, ellipticity of borehole, centrality of casing, thickness of cement sheath) by the two interfaces’ Von Mises stress and the total displacement of the combination body. It is pointed out that the pressure of cement sheath, and casing cross section pressure have no effect on the stability of formation, cement sheath and casing; The higher the ellipticity of the borehole, the eccentricity of the casing (position 1, 2) and the thickness of the cement sheath, the higher the stability of the second interface of the cementing; The higher the inner casing pressure and the eccentricity of the casing(position 3), the lower the stability of the second interface of the cementing; The higher the eccentricity of the casing (position 2,3) and the thickness of the cement sheath, the higher the stability of the first interface of the cementing; The higher the inner casing pressure, the eccentricity of the casing (position 1) and the ellipticity of the borehole, the lower the stability of the first interface of the cementing; The higher the eccentricity of the casing (position 2,3) and thickness of the cement sheath, the higher the stability of the casing; The higher the inner casing pressure, the ellipticity of the borehole and the eccentricity of the casing(position 1), the lower the stability of the casing. Through this study, according to the formation stress, the formation physical parameters (elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density), optimize the operational parameters, ensure the long-term integrity of the combination.
Application Research of High Temperature Silver Plating in Products
Authors: Xie Ru Hong , Feng Jun Jie , Feng Shan Xin
Published: March 2020

Silver has functional properties such as disinfection, sterilization, and anti-corrosion.The combination of silver and conventional ceramics by high-temperature silver plating can impart the functionality to ceramic products and increase the functionality of ceramic products.The traditional way of decorating ceramic products is mainly glazed decoration, which combines silver and ceramics, and its silver metallic luster can bring decorative effects to ceramic products. And it is produced by high-temperature silver plating, which saves costs in the production process compared to traditional silver plating.At the same time, compared with traditional ceramics, high-temperature silver-plated ceramics can take into account the properties of ceramics and can also play the role of disinfection, sterilization, anti-corrosion and other properties of silver. It is produced by high-temperature silver plating, which is more cost-effective than traditional silver plating in the production process. At the same time, compared with traditional ceramics, high-temperature silver-plated ceramics can achieve the disinfection and sterilization of silver in consideration of the properties of ceramics,anti-corrosion and other attributes, a reasonable combination of the two, fully demonstrate the functionality and decoration of both.
Innovative Production of Lead-Free Wood Leafhopper under High Temperature Firing Environment
Authors: Feng Shan Xin , Sun Zheng , Wang Yu Rong
Published: March 2020

The lead-free wood leafhopper is the iconic traditional ceramic art of the Jizhou kiln in the Song Dynasty of China. The traditional lead-free wood leafhopper is usually made of black glaze. The glaze is placed on the mulberry leaf and fired at a high temperature of about 1230 °C-1260 °C. And the veins are clear. Jizhou kiln was founded in the late Tang Dynasty. It flourished in the Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty. It was the most prosperous in the Southern Song Dynasty. It began to decline in the late Yuan Dynasty and then stopped for more than 700 years. However, its unique artistic value has gradually be attracted the attention by the world. And it recovered in 1985 at last after unremitting efforts. The re-burning of the lead-free wood leafhopper has successfully opened the ceramic market of the lead-free wood leafhopper and made it occupy a certain position in the ceramic market. The price of lead-free wood leafhopper has remained high, and therefore ceramic producers are waiting for opportunities to produce on a large scale in order to achieve huge economic benefits. However, due to the great difficulty in the firing process of the lead-free wood leafhopper, the market has a phenomenon of low yield, high price, low consumer desire, and the use of chemical materials to fire products. The subject analyzed and solved these phenomena through a large number of experiments. Lead-free in this subject is a relatively broad definition, especially referring to the new type of lead-free wood leafhopper without contain heavy metals.
The early treatment of the head-injured patient
Authors: McGuire Joan
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
The treatment of penetrating stab wounds of the chest
Authors: Hayse-Gregson J. M.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
The use of a respirator in the treatment of cerebral palsied children
Authors: Oosthuizen Ina
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Physiotherapy in the management of the stabbed chest
Authors: Fairlie Ann
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Tenth National Council Meeting of S.A.S.P.
Authors: Bromilow-Downing B.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Migraine and other chronic headaches: Preliminary report on experimental physical treatment
Authors: Edeling Joy
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Nompumelelo D.R.C. Mission Hospital Peddie Ciskei: Physiotherapy Department
Authors: Pelser J. G.
Published: March 2020

No abstract available.
Deficit Financing’ or ‘Deficit-Reduction Financing?’
Debates in Contemporary Economics: Origins, Confusions and Clarity
Authors: Ann Pettifor Ann Pettifor
Published: March 2020

The analysis of government deficits and public debt points to a fundamental error in contemporary economic discussions. It is not possible to assess the
stance of fiscal policy from estimates of the public sector deficit. John Maynard
Keynes’s macroeconomics and the empirical evidence discussed in this paper indicate
that expansionary fiscal policy financed by loan issues will lead to growth in economic
activity and employment. In an economy with spare capacity and idle resources, high
government expenditure generates income, including tax revenues and thereby reduces
the government deficit, and cuts public debt. The main purpose of increased loanfinanced government spending at times of private economic weakness is to increase
the nation’s income. Keynes argued that any such government spending was not deficit
spending, because he understood the spending as the most sensible means to cut the
deficit. Deficit-reduction spending might be a more appropriate definition, because as
he argued with Josiah Stamp: “You will never balance the budget through measures
which reduce national income” (Keynes, 1978, vol. 21, p. 149).
Deficit Financing in Contemporary Economies:
Effects and Implications
Authors: Mahfuzul Haque Mahfuzul Haque
Published: March 2020

Ann Pettifor’s paper on deficit financing elucidates how Keynesian
policies in times of economic slumps reduce public deficits. A public misconception is
that during economic downturns, increasing government expenditure will worsen the
deficit. Deficit financing aims to increase economic output via creating/salvaging jobs
and increasing productivity. Thus, the temporary increase in spending creates a longterm increase in economic output, so the size of the deficit in relation to GDP
ultimately decreases. However, effective targeting of government expenditure is
critical if it is to benefit the economy. Evidence from the United States, Taiwan, and
Bangladesh, shows how deficit financing used effectively, and not solely to gain
political capital, is necessary to produce economic growth.
Sustainable Level Debt, Expansionary Austerity, and
Fiscal Consolidation Theories: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Muhamed Zulkhibri Muhamed Zulkhibri
Published: March 2020

This commentary critically analyzes the debate between ‘deficit financing’
and ‘deficit-reduction financing’ in contemporary economics. Reading through the paper by Ann Pettifor (2019), one gets the impression that deficits don’t matter and that
fiscal consolidation has not improved the public finances, at least for the advanced
economies. Although Pettifor manages to pinpoint some of the fundamental errors in
contemporary economic discussions on deficit financing, her paper puts undue emphasis on Keynes’s approach to public spending. Keynes’s argument was that increases in
government spending will improve growth by boosting purchasing power into the
economy. However, she fails to notice the basic problem with debt, that it keeps countries from investing in future growth. A more fundamental question to this debate
should be to address the issues surrounding the sustainability of debt and the most effective means to reduce debt to sustainable levels. Therefore, fiscal restraint should be
taken as an opportunity to make an economic virtue out of fiscal necessity, not to be
politicized by politicians and policymakers to increase unnecessary and wasteful government spending that would expose countries to a higher degree of economic vulnerability.
A tarefa de casa na disciplina de matemática mediada por assistente virtual de comunicação-Chatbot
Authors: Melo Jorge Nazareno Batista , Lima José Valdeni de , Canto Filho Alberto Bastos do
Published: March 2020

A tarefa de casa, prática há muito realizada nas escolas, apresenta como uma das dificuldades a falta de apoio e auxílio para a sua realização fora da escola. Este trabalho discute e apresenta os resultados de um experimento pedagógico, utilizando um assistente virtual (Chatbot), realizada na disciplina de matemática em uma escola pública, cujo objetivo foi analisar a utilização desse assistente na realização da tarefa de casa, considerando a participação e o rendimento dos estudantes. O Chatbot foi construído a fim de possibilitar interação acessível com os alunos, mediando a realização da tarefa de casa. Os resultados parciais deste experimento indicam uma boa aceitação dos alunos em relação à utilização dessa assistente virtual como auxílio na realização da tarefa de casa.
Formação continuada de professores: uma análise da adequação de recursos didáticos para o ensino de números racionais
Authors: Carpes Patricia Pujol Goulart , Bisognin Eleni
Published: March 2020

Neste estudo são discutidos resultados parciais de uma pesquisa qualitativa que teve por objetivo investigar como um programa formativo mobiliza conhecimentos didático-matemáticos dos professores quanto ao uso adequado e pertinente de recursos didáticos para ensinar números racionais nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental. Essa análise foi feita por meio da dimensão mediacional do Sistema de Conhecimentos Didático-Matemáticos (CDM), descrita por Pino-Fan e Godino. Os dados foram obtidos por meio dos registros escritos dos professores, da gravação em vídeo dos encontros e das observações da formadora registrados em seu diário. Os resultados apontam para uma compreensão limitada dos professores referente ao emprego de recursos didáticos em sala de aula, bem como evidenciou poucas condições de infraestrutura das escolas para emprego de recursos digitais.
Morphology and size of the particles emitted from a gasoline-direct-injection-engine vehicle and their ageing in an environmental chamber
Authors: Xing Jiaoping , Shao Longyi , Zhang Wenbin , Peng Jianfei , Wang Wenhua , Shuai Shijin , Hu Min , Zhang Daizhou
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Air pollution is particularly severe in developing megacities, such as
Beijing, where vehicles equipped with modern gasoline-direct-injection (GDI)
engines are becoming one of major sources of the pollution. This study
presents the characteristics of individual particles emitted by a GDI
vehicle and their ageing in a smog chamber under the Beijing urban
environment, as part of the Atmospheric Pollution & Human Health (APHH)
research programme. Using transmission electron microscopy, we identified
the particles emitted from a commercial GDI-engine vehicle running under
various conditions, namely cold-start, hot-start, hot stabilized running,
idle, and acceleration states. Our results showed that most of the particles
were organic, soot, and Ca-rich ones, with small quantities of S-rich and
metal-containing particles. In terms of particle size, the particles
exhibited a bimodal distribution in number vs size, with one mode at 800–900 nm and the other at 140–240 nm. The numbers of organic particles emitted
under hot-start and hot stabilized states were higher than those emitted
under other conditions. The number of soot particles was higher under cold-start and acceleration states. Under the idle state, the proportion of
Ca-rich particles was highest, although their absolute number was low. In
addition to quantifying the types of particles emitted by the engine, we
studied the ageing of the particles during 3.5 h of photochemical
oxidation in an environmental chamber under the Beijing urban environment.
Ageing transformed soot particles into core–shell structures, coated by
secondary organic species, while the content of sulfur in Ca-rich and
organic particles increased. Overall, the majority of particles from
GDI-engine vehicles were organic and soot particles with submicron or
nanometric size. The particles were highly reactive; they reacted in the
atmosphere and changed their morphology and composition within hours via
catalysed acidification that involved gaseous pollutants at high pollution
levels in Beijing.Highlights.
GDI-engine vehicles emitted a large amount of both primary and secondary
organic aerosol (SOA). Higher numbers of organic particles were emitted under hot stabilized running and hot-start states. Sulfate and secondary organic aerosol formed on the surface of primary
particles after ageing. Particles aged rapidly by catalysed acidification under high pollution
levels in Beijing.
Finely laminated Arctic mixed-phase clouds occur frequently and are correlated with snow
Authors: McCullough Emily M. , Wing Robin , Drummond James R.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Finely laminated (multi-layer) clouds, which are strongly correlated with precipitation events, have been detected in 3.5 years of high resolution measurements of Arctic mixed-phase clouds using the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (CANDAC) Rayleigh-Mie-Raman lidar located at Eureka, Nunavut (79.6° N, 85.6° W). Laminated clouds occur on 52 % of days with 24 h measurement coverage from 0–5 km altitude, and on 62 % of cloudy interpretable days. There is an average of 70 laminated cloud days detected per year, with no full year having fewer than 52 detections. Given CRL does not measure on all days of the year, it is probable that the true occurence frequency of laminated clouds at Eureka is much higher. A study was conducted using local weather reports from the nearby Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) weather station. Days with laminated clouds are strongly correlated with snow precipitation, while days with non-laminated clouds and clear sky days are moderately anti-correlated with snow precipitation.
“This bookmark gauges the depths of the human”: how poetry can help to personalise climate change
Authors: Illingworth Sam
Published: March 2020

Abstract. By conducting a qualitative content analysis of 72 poems written about
climate change by poets from across the world, this study demonstrates how
these poets have interpreted the, at times, esoteric principles of climate
change. The results of this study indicate that these interpretations
highlight the need to re-position humans at the epicentre of the debate so
that a meaningful dialogue around the subject might be established,
especially amongst non-specialists.
A one-dimensional model of turbulent flow through “urban” canopies (MLUCM v2.0): updates based on large-eddy simulation
Authors: Nazarian Negin , Krayenhoff E. Scott , Martilli Alberto
Published: March 2020

Abstract. In mesoscale climate models, urban canopy flow is typically parameterized in terms of the horizontally averaged (1-D) flow and scalar transport, and these parameterizations can be informed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the urban climate at the microscale. Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes simulation (RANS) models have previously been employed to derive vertical profiles of turbulent length scale and drag coefficient for such parameterization. However, there is substantial evidence that RANS models fall short in accurately representing turbulent flow fields in the urban roughness sublayer.
When compared with more accurate flow modeling such as large-eddy simulations (LES), we observed that vertical profiles of turbulent kinetic energy and associated turbulent length scales obtained from RANS models are substantially smaller specifically in the urban canopy. Accordingly, using LES results, we revisited the urban canopy parameterizations employed in the one-dimensional model of turbulent flow through urban areas and updated the parameterization of turbulent length scale and drag coefficient. Additionally, we included the parameterization of the dispersive stress, previously neglected in the 1-D column model. For this objective, the PArallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM) is used and a series of simulations in an idealized urban configuration with aligned and staggered arrays are considered. The plan area density (λp) is varied from 0.0625 to 0.44 to span a wide range of urban density (from sparsely developed to compact midrise neighborhoods, respectively).
In order to ensure the accuracy of the simulation results, we rigorously evaluated the PALM results by comparing the vertical profiles of turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stresses with wind tunnel measurements, as well as other available LES and direct numerical simulation (DNS) studies. After implementing the updated drag coefficients and turbulent length scales in the 1-D model of urban canopy flow, we evaluated the results by (a) testing the 1-D model against the original LES results and demonstrating the differences in predictions between new (derived from LES) and old (derived from RANS) versions of the 1-D model, and (b) testing the 1-D model against LES results for a test case with realistic geometries. Results suggest a more accurate prediction of vertical turbulent exchange in urban canopies, which can consequently lead to an improved prediction of urban heat and pollutant dispersion at the mesoscale.
Time-lapse monitoring of root water uptake using electrical resistivity tomography and mise-à-la-masse: a vineyard infiltration experiment
Authors: Mary Benjamin , Peruzzo Luca , Boaga Jacopo , Cenni Nicola , Schmutz Myriam , Wu Yuxin , Hubbard Susan S. , Cassiani Giorgio
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This paper presents a time-lapse application of
electrical methods (electrical resistivity tomography, ERT; and
mise-à-la-masse, MALM) for monitoring plant roots and their activity
(root water uptake) during a controlled infiltration experiment. The use of
non-invasive geophysical monitoring is of increasing interest as these
techniques provide time-lapse imaging of processes that otherwise can only
be measured at few specific spatial locations. The experiment here described was conducted in a vineyard in Bordeaux (France) and was focused on the
behaviour of two neighbouring grapevines. The joint application of ERT and
MALM has several advantages. While ERT in time-lapse mode is sensitive to
changes in soil electrical resistivity and thus to the factors controlling
it (mainly soil water content, in this context), MALM uses DC current
injected into a tree stem to image where the plant root system is in effective
electrical contact with the soil at locations that are likely to be the same
where root water uptake (RWU) takes place. Thus, ERT and MALM provide
complementary information about the root structure and activity. The
experiment shows that the region of likely electrical current sources
produced by MALM does not change significantly during the infiltration time
in spite of the strong changes of electrical resistivity caused by changes
in soil water content. Ultimately, the interpretation of the current source
distribution strengthened the hypothesis of using current as a proxy for
root detection. This fact, together with the evidence that current injection
in the soil and in the stem produces totally different voltage patterns,
corroborates the idea that this application of MALM highlights the active
root density in the soil. When considering the electrical resistivity
changes (as measured by ERT) inside the stationary volume of active roots
delineated by MALM, the overall tendency is towards a resistivity increase
during irrigation time, which can be linked to a decrease in soil water
content caused by root water uptake. On the contrary, when considering the
soil volume outside the MALM-derived root water uptake region, the
electrical resistivity tends to decrease as an effect of soil water content
increase caused by the infiltration. The use of a simplified infiltration
model confirms at least qualitatively this behaviour. The monitoring results
are particularly promising, and the method can be applied to a variety of
scales including the laboratory scale where direct evidence of root
structure and root water uptake can help corroborate the approach. Once
fully validated, the joint use of MALM and ERT can be used as a valuable
tool to study the activity of roots under a wide variety of field
conditions.