bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIMULAÇÃO COMPUTACIONAL DE UM INCÊNDIO NATURAL COMPARTIMENTADO
Authors: Corrêa Cristiano
Published: October 2020

RESUMO

A presente pesquisa apresenta os resultados de simulações computacionais de incêndio experimental ensaiado em contêiner. Para tanto foi utilizado dois softwares de fluidodinâmica computacional, o Fire Dynamics Simulator – FDS e o OZone. As simulações realizadas mostraram que o FDS, por ser um software que não possui interface gráfica, acaba tornando a modelagem trabalhosa e demorada, uma vez que sua entrada de dados é inteiramente feita através de documentos de texto. Entretanto, quando devidamente calibrado, o modelo é capaz de oferecer ao usuário diversos dados como: temperatura, deslocamento de fumaça, concentração de oxigênio, consideração de dispositivos de combate a incêndio (sprinklers), dentre uma infinidade de outros, que podem abrir um leque de opções de estudos a serem realizados no contexto da Segurança Contra Incêndio em Edificações - SCIE. Já o OZone possui uma interface gráfica agradável e intuitiva, e que tornam a modelagem de incêndios mais fácil e rápida, gerando rapidamente resultados, entretanto, a quantidade de variáveis obtidas, na grande maioria dos casos, é bem mais limitada em comparação com as obtidas através do FDS. Concluindo que os simuladores são ferramentas importantes, sobretudo quando calibrados através de resultados experimentais, na proposição de soluções para os desafios da SCIE.
DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS TO AID DECISION-MAKING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze
Authors: Souza Isadora De Arruda , Hess Andre Felipe , Costa Emanuel Arnoni , Da Silveira Ana Claudia , Baldissera Schorr Luiz Paulo , Atanazio Kemely Alves
Published: October 2020

Operational research (OR) is a powerful tool for decision-making in optimizing forestry production planning. Thus, the objective of this study is to use the OR to solve forest regulation problems in a natural forest of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol) Kuntze. The proposal for better management regime for the forest consisted in the elaboration of two OR problems using integer linear programming (ILP). I – the first aiming to maximize income for each regime; and the II – second aiming to define the best management alternative for three values of the De Liocourt q quotient of 1.1; 1.3 and 1.5, residual basal areas of 10.0, 12.0 and 14.0 m2.ha-1 and cutting cycles of 20, 25 and 30 years, creating thus 27 management scenarios. Despite the application of cutting cycles of 20, 25 and 30 years, the management alternative that best uses the resources and maximizes the income for this area of 84 ha, in the municipality of Lages, SC, is “q” = 1.3 with residual basal area of 12 m2.ha-1 for all cutting cycles. The removal of these trees in the forest will contribute to the maintenance of a future diametric structure, natural regeneration, species conservation and tree increment rate, as well as the maintenance of resources of the forest ecosystem.
Public Projects for Digital Inclusion of Micro and Small Enterprises in Brazil
Authors: Helfenstein Aline Cristina , Mendes Debora Fernandes de Souza , Neis Douglas Fernando Batista , Souza Elielza Camargo , Dos Reis Rafael Vicente Martins , Filho Flavio De Sao Pedro
Published: October 2020

The research axis revolves around how public projects can influence the digital inclusion of micro and small enterprises. The objective proposed in the work is to study the concepts of information technology for public projects aimed at the digital inclusion of MSEs. The methodology used has a qualitative approach of a descriptive nature, based on content analysis. Through the study it was concluded that the use of technologies contributes to the growth and maintenance of micro and small enterprises in the competitive market, but that the resources to accompany the technological evolution are scarce, and therefore, the development of public projects aimed at inclusion of micro and small businesses seems to be essential.
Comprehensive approach for strengthening the management of regional referral hospitals in Tanzania
Authors: Ishijima Hisahiro , Teshima Masashi , Kasahara Yasuko , Miyamoto Noriyuki , Masaule Fares , John Raynold
Published: October 2020

Hospital managers in Tanzania have always been expected to manage and deliver quality services to patients under resource constrained situation. In the organizational structure of regional referral hospitals (RRHs) in Tanzania, including, clinicians with very limited knowledge of and skills in management hold over 80% of the managerial positions. The Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children of Tanzania has identified the strengthening of management at RRHs as a key to improving efficiency and effectiveness in health service delivery. The ministry launched a five-year project for strengthening hospital management in RRHs in collaboration with the Japan International Cooperation Agency. The project provided a series of training courses for capacitating RRH management Team (RRHMT), and developed and introduced several planning, monitoring, and evaluation tools. This study was conducted to identify the positive factors and approaches for strengthening management of RRHs. Necessary information and data were collected through the intervention and analyzed to measure the effectiveness of the interventions. RRHMT members obtained basic knowledge of and skills for hospital management through the project interventions with those deferent management tools to improve the completion of their hospital management tasks. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the interventions were effective in strengthening the managerial capacity of RRHMTs. The study also confirmed that the strategy to improve hospital management was on the right track for improving health service delivery in efficient and effective manners. The lessons learned from the project can be adjusted for the management of lower healthcare facilities.
The Winton M. Blount Postal History Symposia: Select Papers from the Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Symposia
Authors: Smith Susan N.
Published: October 2020

Writers in the field of
postal history have incredibly diverse interests and approaches. As a result,
the postal history symposia have been organized around themes. The three themes
represented in papers here are mail and the Civil War (2012), the development
of transoceanic air mail service (2014), and the influence of postal treaties
on post office reforms (2016).

The American Civil War
affected mail in many ways, particularly in the Confederate States of America,
which faced the challenge of quickly developing its own postal system, as well
as shortages of supplies, including paper. The mail itself can be used to tell
the story of the conflict through the examination of patriotic and propaganda
images on envelopes and through the study of shifts in mail routes and
practices as the war progressed.

The histories of aviation
and of mail delivery are intertwined. Pressure to deliver mail faster and more
efficiently helped to propel investment in aviation innovations. In turn,
developments in flight opened new possibilities for carrying the mail. The
development of transoceanic air mail from its very early days in the 1920s
through the rise of military air mail services during World War II is examined.

Throughout much of history, mail has been the primary
means of communication both within and between nations; thus, the regulations
and agreements concerning what may be mailed, and for what cost, have had a
profound effect on a population’s access to information. Postal reform, and
particularly the creation of national postal systems, required that immediate
needs as well as political and economic visions of the future be considered and
addressed legally and structurally during state-building. Cases of the United
States in the revolutionary era and Brazil in the nineteenth century are
examined here.
Appraisal and Party Positioning in Parliamentary Debates: A Usage-Based Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Berracheche Anissa
Published: October 2020

This article presents a corpus-driven study of evaluative discourses surrounding asylum seekers in parliamentary debates. It explores how Australian political parties have expressed unfavorable attitudes toward asylum seekers. These attitudes are operationalized by implementing Martin and White’s appraisal framework, which comprises affectual (affect), ethical (judgment), and aesthetic (appreciation) values. The findings reveal that the subcategories of affect, judgment, and appreciation are strategically deployed by both right- and left-wing parties. The right-wing discourse, conveying ethical values, emphasizes the difference between “in” and “out” groups, whereas the left-wing discourse, engaged in affectual values, demonstrates their humanitarian side. The study has also a methodological focus, namely, testing the feasibility of the behavioral profile approach in critical discourse analysis to obtain more replicable and reliable quantitative results. The method consists of the manual annotation of the corpus and multivariate statistical analysis.
Creative adaptation of Grundtvigian educational concept in Indian Adult Education: a lab to line educational effort in rural India
Authors: GANGULY SUBRATA
Published: October 2020

This ethnographic research attempts to find relevance of Grundtvigian educational philosophy in the promotion of lifelong learning opportunities and the institutionalisation of community education for the adults in rural India. The researcher analyses thoroughly the concept of Grundtvig’s social and educational anthropology in Indian context, which comprises pedagogical strategies and people’s enlightenment though education and social development. The research utilizes relevant literatures, case-study and educational model in order to analyse the contemporaneity, relevance and creative adaptation and assimilation of Grundtvigian philosophy in Indian adult education. The research argues - if the Grundtvigian alternative education and social concept could be creatively adopted and assimilated in the adult education system in rural India, the core of learning ecology in the Grundtvigian concept would be able to bring significant improvement in the traditionally rigid adult education system and support learners in exposing their inherited potentials to a greater extent.
Produtividade do feijão-caupi cultivado após plantas de cobertura com e sem aplicação de herbicida sem pós-emergência
Authors: Sousa Gustavo  Dorneles  de , Pereira Leandro  Spíndola , Oliveira Gustavo Silva  de , Costa Estevam  Matheus , Silva Jeovane Nascimento , Silva Higor Ferreira da , Jakelaitis Adriano
Published: October 2020

The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield of the cowpea crop, when grown on cover crops straws, managed or not with herbicides applied in post-emergence. The experiment was conducted in the field, in a complete randomized block design with three replications. In a 5x2 factorial scheme, the first factor were featuredby five types of straw were tested: sorghum, congograss, Tanzania grass, palisadegrassand weeds. The second factor was characterized by the absence and application of the ready mix of bentazone + imazamox at the dose 600 + 28 g ha-1at 13 days after emergence (DAE) and the herbicide haloxifop-p-methyl at the dose of 62.35 g ha-1to 18 DAE. Weed density and dry matterwere evaluated at 20 and 85 DAE of the crop, plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, dry matteraerial part and in the flowering of the crop (46 DAE). At harvest, the number of grains per pod, the number of grains per plant, the weight one hundred grains, the population of cowpea plants and grain yieldwereevaluated. The straws of congo grass, Tanzania grass and palisadegrasson the soil surface reduce the dry mass of weeds, constituting necessary management where chemical control has not been carried out. Regardless of the use of straw, the application of the herbicide is essential to guarantee the productivity of the crop. The cultivation of cowpea on sorghum straw, congograss, Tanzania grass and palisadegrassresults in higher grain yield.
O PROCESSO DE ESCRITA LITERÁRIA E O CO-ENGENDRAMENTO DA OBRA DE ARTE E DO AUTOR
Authors: Gurgel Veronica Torres , Kastrup Virginia
Published: October 2020

A escrita e o processo de criação em Literatura têm sido objeto de investigação em diferentes campos do conhecimento, entre os quais destacam-se a crítica literária e os saberes psi, como a Psicanálise, a Psicologia cognitiva e a Psiquiatria. Nesses campos, abordagens de cunho biográfico e psicologizante foram, por vezes, predominantes. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as críticas a tais abordagens e buscar alternativas à relação causal entre autor e obra. Com base em Barthes, Foucault e Chartier, procuramos evidenciar que a autoria não é natural, mas surgiu no século XVII, repercutindo nas análises literárias. A partir de Blanchot e Dewey, argumentamos que o escritor se deixa guiar pelo que percebe: é escritor e leitor, simultaneamente. Com Varela, Thompson e Rosch, concluímos que a obra e o autor são efeitos de um mecanismo de coemergência, sendo engendrados de um mesmo processo de criação literária.
O AUTISMO PARA A PSICANÁLISE: DA CONCEPÇÃO CLÁSSICA À CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Barroso Suzana Faleiro
Published: October 2020

O artigo aborda a diversidade do campo de saber do autismo em diferentes épocas e discute as bases epistemológicas que norteiam as noções de espectro e de estrutura autística, provenientes do discurso da ciência e da psicanálise de orientação lacaniana, respectivamente. Situa o percurso histórico da noção de autismo desde sua fundação no campo da psicopatologia clássica e sua evolução segundo uma abordagem psicodinâmica, junto aos analistas pós-freudianos. Identifica o autismo nas diferentes versões do DSM, no qual ele é reduzido a um déficit do neurodesenvolvimento. Examina a hipótese do autismo como estrutura clínica e discute alguns aspectos da sua distinção com relação à psicose. Demonstra o compromisso da pesquisa e da aplicação da psicanálise ao autismo, desde os anos cinquenta do século XX, enfatizando seus aspectos teóricos, éticos e clínicos.
Carl Zumbe – Montanexperte in braunschweigischen und hessen-kasselischen Diensten. Fallstudie zur praktischen Verwissenschaftlichung des Montanwesens um 1700 / Carl Zumbe, Mining Expert in the Services of Brunswick and Hessian Cassel. A Case Study on the Practical Scientiﬁ cation of the Mining Sector
Authors: von Eschen Friedrich Frhr. Waitz
Published: October 2020

Diese Fallstudie befasst sich mit der praktischen Verwissenschaftlichung und den sie gestaltenden Experten des Montanwesens der frühen Neuzeit, die im Vergleich zur zeitgenössischen technischen Montanliteratur kaum untersucht sind. Mit der Biografie des Carl Zumbe (1662-1735) wird die Karriere eines Montanexperten nachverfolgt, der nach einer juristischen Ausbildung in Italien und einer wichtigen bergtechnischen Erfindung (Letten-Schießen) eine hüttentechnische Laufbahn im Harz begann und zunächst seine metallurgischen Kenntnisse erweiterte. Nach dem Wechsel in hessen-kasselische Dienste verband er in seiner berg- und hüttenfachlichen Aufsichtstätigkeit detaillierte betriebswirtschaftliche Untersuchungen und Berichte mit metallurgischen und chemischen Analysen zur Verbesserung der betrieblichen Prozesse. Zugleich versorgte er die naturwissenschaftlichen Forscher am Kasseler Kunsthaus und Collegium Carolinum mit entsprechenden Untersuchungen. Neben der Leitung von Prestigeprojekten (Wasserstollen für die Kaskaden des Herkules) oblag ihm auch der Aufbau völlig neuer Industriezweige (Blaufarbenindustrie) und die Einführung neuer Techniken. Bis zum Ende seiner Karriere in der mittleren Leitungsebene des Montanwesens verbleibend agierte er als Berater und Vermittler zwischen den betrieblichen Praktikern und der Bergstube bzw. Rentkammer. Der Transfer seines Wissens lässt sich nicht nur in seinen dienstlichen und wissenschaftlichen Netzwerken, sondern auch in familiären Beziehungen nachverfolgen.
Gefängnisse in Not: Was für eine Chance?!
Authors: Hefendehl Roland
Published: October 2020

Corona wütet weltweit mit unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen. Das Leeren der Gefängnisse ist insoweit allerdings eine Konstante. Wie und in welchem Umfang gehen insoweit die Bundesländer, wie solche Staaten vor, die eine erhebliche Überbelegung der Gefängnisse zu beklagen haben? Der Beitrag spürt den tatsächlichen und den legitimen Gründen hierfür vor dem Hintergrund des Strafvollzugsziels der Resozialisierung nach. Und er gibt eine Einschätzung, wie sich die Situation nach der Krise entwickeln könnte.
Accuracy of Digital Image Analysis (DIA) of Borderline Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER2) Immunohistochemistry in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Authors: Mohamadian Roshan Nema , Salehabadi Sepideh , Kooshki Forooshani Melika , Nikoozadeh Azin
Published: October 2020

Background: Digital image analysis (DIA), used to extract information from pathology slides, provides better precision and no limitation regarding different interpretations by observers. Objectives: The present study aimed at evaluating the accuracy of DIA in the interpretation of borderline (2+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) slides of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Methods: Sixty pathology samples with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were extracted based on HER2 (2+) and their fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) responses (as reference standard). The slides were digitized and, then, two pathologists examined the slides and documented diagnosis. DIA was performed by a free web application. Results: Totally, 307 digital images with 298 megabytes volume were extracted. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values of DIA were 86 %, 46.1 %, and 97.8 %, respectively, with 8 false-negative cases. There was moderate agreement between the pathologist 1 (kappa = 0.42) and pathologist 2 (kappa = 0.41) with DIA. Conclusions: DIA had good accuracy and could be used for the interpretation of borderline HER2 IHC method in invasive ductal carcinoma.
Harmonization of EU law on cross-border movement of companies
Authors: Jevremović-Petrović Tatjana
Published: October 2020

In this paper the author presents an overview of the EU legal framework for cross-border company's mobility. It gives a historic background to various obstacles related to cross-border mobility and puts it into the context of the European Court of Justice decisions on the various issues of right of establishment. EU Company Law Directive on Cross-border Mobility regulates cross-border conversions (resulting in the change of applicable law and at least registered seat of the company) and cross-border divisions for the first time. It also improves already existing regime for cross-border mergers. Directive on CrossBorder Mobility gives an opportunity for various internal market participants, including economically strong as well as smaller business forms to use advantages of predictable, efficient legal procedure to perform cross-border operations. It includes various harmonization instruments in order to protect interests of (minority) shareholders, creditors and employees. Double control, including issuance of the pre-merger certificate in the country of origin and control of the procedure in the destination country before cross-border procedure has been registered and becomes effective provides for optimal co-ordination of national authorities, and offers safe business environment for various market participants.
Structured literature review on organizational innovation in family business context
Authors: Suman Shekhar , Das Satyasiba
Published: October 2020

Over the past decade, research on innovation in family firms has shown incremental growth. Several scholars and practitioners across the globe have shown interest in this field, which has also enriched the current body of literature. Despite the growth in studies related to innovation, research lacks a comprehensive review of the past and present achievements. In our study, we tried to fulfill this gap with a focus on family and firms' influence on organizational innovation. Based on a systematic review of 30 plus journal articles, it presents an integrative picture of family firm innovation. Major research avenues have been discussed based on which areas of future research can be determined.
Experimental testing on phantom image for improved MRI compressed sensing
Authors: Kamilovski Aleksandar
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a possible way for improving the techniques of compressed sensing and parallel imaging techniques for brain MRI. Experimental tests have been performed over a phantom test image. An exclusive elliptical sampling mask has been generated, which in combination with double-density wavelet transforms offers improvement over the standard approach. Additional tests undertaken as part of this research propose the usage of nonlinear reconstruction method, generated elliptical sampling mask and double-density wavelet transform for application of compressed sensing to brain MRI. An assessment of the results for diagnostic usage has been done by a specialist of radiology.
The possibility of using international project financing for defense systems
Authors: Pantić Nemanja , Krunić Nikola , Matić Iva
Published: October 2020

The term "project financing" is often used to describe all types of project financing, but in recent years it has evolved towards a more precise definition, so that it implies the financing of a particular economic unit in which lenders are comfortable to rely initially on the cash flow and income of these economic units, which the loans will be repaid from, and on the property of that economic unit as collateral for the given loan. Project funds can be adequately used to finance the defense system. They generally fall into the category of development priorities and usually enjoy numerous benefits (primarily tax and customs benefits) provided by the host country of a project, which generally generates more income for participants in project financing than when it comes to conventional credit. The BOT model for financing infrastructure projects has a number of potential benefits and it is an effective alternative in many countries with a more traditional approach to using government borrowing or state budget, with the government retaining strategic control over the project which will become public sector property.
Leveraging dynamic decision-making and environmental analysis to support authentic learning experiences in digital environments
Authors: Stefaniak Jill , Xu Meimei
Published: October 2020

Authentic learning is a pedagogical approach that situates students in real-world settings. Authentic learning experiences in online environments allow learners to solve real-world problems when they immerse in real-world settings. It thereby requires instructional designers to make contextualized design decisions to enhance students’ online authentic learning experiences. The purpose of this paper is to provide instructional designers with a conceptual framework to help guide their instructional design decisions for authentic learning experiences in online environments. We purport that these design decisions should be guided by three constructs: authentic learning, decision-making, and contextual analysis. We also provide recommendations for future research on decision-making practices and processes in instructional design contexts.
Side by Side: The Use of Multiple Subject Languages in Capturing Shifting Contexts around Historical Collections
Authors: Dobreski Brian , Qin Jian , Resnick Melissa
Published: October 2020

Archival representations strive to convey the original context around historical collections, but perspectives on certain topics and materials may change over time. Such shifting perspectives pose problems for providing appropriate subject access without obscuring contexts or misrepresenting resources in their broader cultural settings. This study seeks to examine these problems through an investigation of historical materials associated with American sideshows, public opinions on which changed drastically from the 19th to the 20th centuries. Using as a case the Ronald G. Becker Collection of Charles Eisenmann Photographs, an archival collection of digitized images of sideshow performers, we explored a variety of systems of subject representation for major concepts and terms relevant to sideshow performers and activities. Combining keyword extraction and descriptive analysis of current collection metadata (e.g., LCSH) with comparisons to other popular systems of subject representation, we found complex and conflicting perspectives on concepts such as dwarfism, hypertrichosis, and obesity. Results revealed that current LCSH-based subject metadata for these materials tends to reduce historical and demographic context around performers and highlight contemporary medical perspectives. At the same time, original language used in these images is now often seen as demeaning, exploitative, and offensive. Furthermore, neither of these perspectives may match with self-identifying language used in contemporary society. Taken together, however, these sets of terminologies and their relationships may provide a more robust representation of changing perceptions and terminologies over time. Findings from this study reveal the potentials of utilizing a faceted approach and multiple subject languages together to further clarify and contextualize archival collections.
Observing trajectories of KOSs Across Space and Time: The DANS KOS Observatory (KOSo)
Authors: Coen Gerard , Smiraglia Richard P. , Doorn Peter , Scharnhorst Andrea
Published: October 2020

Knowledge Organization Systems (KOSs) include a wide variety of schemas ranging from ontologies, to classifications, thesauri, taxonomies, semantic networks, etc. These schemas can be updated and revised (or conversely become obsolete or lost) and are therefore prone to change over time. A wish expressed frequently by the research front in the KO community was for an “observatory” of KOSs. In 2017, via the KNAW Visiting Professor programme, DANS [1] began to focus more on understanding how KOSs change over time, how they can be archived, how version identification and control can be addressed, and also, how KOSs can be aligned to the ‘FAIR’ Data Principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). This research ambition coupled with community interest lead to the creation of the KOSo (Knowledge Organization Systems Observatory). Concretely, the observatory involves the identification of KOSs within the social sciences and humanities or the life sciences. KOSs have been described and ordered in the observatory through a process of empirical association in order to resist the potential pitfall of already organizing these resources through the lens of other KOSs (e.g. already describing the KOS in terms of existing controlled vocabularies). KOSo employs both metadata terms and formal classifications, using the Information Coding Classification in a synthetic format together with the KO Literature Classification, thus rendering for each KOS a domain-centric term faceted with a KOS-form term. Additionally, we classify domains using the NARCIS Classification, which is a framework to represent the research foci of the Dutch national research infrastructure.
Cataloging practices through an ethnographic lens: workarounds, disagreements, and manifestations of culture
Authors: Lee Wan-Chen
Published: October 2020

Cataloging models emphasize selective aspects of cataloging and serve the purposes of conceptual debates and theoretical developments. Many complexities, uncertainties, dilemmas, challenges, and “rare” scenarios that catalogers encounter in practice are not presented in the models. To study cataloging practices, the author presents cataloging scenarios observed from an ongoing fieldwork. Through weekly participatory observations and unstructured interviews of catalogers, the work presents cases among the diverse and complex cataloging practices, and surfaces the tensions and time involved in cataloging. This paper will focus on three themes: workarounds, disagreements, and manifestations of culture in cataloging practice. The first scenario describes a non-linear cataloging process and the different workarounds applied. The workarounds highlight the tacit knowledge of experienced catalogers. The second scenario shows catalogers’ different perspectives about the authorship of stone rubbings. Disagreements, negotiation, and compromises in cataloging process are often not documented or explained. This scenario examines cataloging contexts that we cannot observe from analyzing cataloging standards or records. The third scenario describes the proposal of a Library of Congress Demographic Group Term (LCDGT): Zhiqing, and how it was approved as a LCSH: Zhiqing generation instead. The term encompasses a combination of regional, temporal, and cultural aspects of a demographic group. In the proposal process, I identified cultural manifestations in cataloging process through observing “the missing pieces” and local adaptations. This study contributes to the knowledge organization literature by presenting cataloging scenarios that require prolonged engagement to study.
Developing Knowledge, competences and a research stance in initial teacher education in the Post-Bologna context
Authors: Flores Maria A.
Published: October 2020

This paper draws on previous empirical work and reflections on initial teacher education after the implementation of the Bologna process in Portugal. It focuses on issues of knowledge and competences developed under the new legal framework, particularly as far as the research component is concerned. As initial teacher education occurs at a Master level, the research dimension was assumed as a key feature of the new model being practicum one of its key distinctive and most innovative elements. The need to enhance the quality of initial teacher education and to reinforce the link between theory and practice and between research and teaching was at the forefront of the restructuring process at the University of Minho, particularly regarding practicum. The paper concludes with a summary of the positive aspects and issues that deserve further attention.
НЕВИРУСОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ МАРКЕРЫ COVID-19, "Вестник Центрального научно-исследовательского института туберкулеза"
Authors: Абдуллаев Ризван Юсиф Оглы , Комиссарова Оксана Геннадьевна
Published: October 2020

В обзоре приводятся литературные данные об особенностях изменения показателей клинического и биохимического анализа крови, а также систем гемостаза и фибринолиза при заболевании COVID-19, вызываемом новой коронавирусной инфекцией SARS-CoV-2. Показано, что изменения в показателях клинического и биохимического анализа крови, а также систем гемостаза и фибринолиза при COVID-19 имеют свои особенности и тесно взаимосвязаны с характером течения инфекции. В клиническом анализе крови у этой категории пациентов наиболее часто встречаются лимфопения и тромбоцитопения. Среди биохимических показателей крови при COVID-19 чаще выявляются повышение уровня СРБ и ферритина, а также снижение уровня альбумина. Следует отметить, что у 1/3 больных с тяжелым течением COVID-19 нарастает активность печеночных ферментов - АЛТ и АСТ. Среди показателей систем гемостаза и фибринолиза чаще выявляется повышение концентрации D-димера в плазме крови.
Comparative Analysis of Gross Margin for Three Varieties of Rice Grown under Two Planting Methods and Different Weed Control Measures
Authors: Olorukooba M. M.
Published: October 2020

Field trials were conducted during the 2005, 2006 and 2007 rainy season at Irrigation Research Station, Kadawa situated in Sudan savannah agro – ecological zone, Kano state, Nigeria to compare the gross margin values obtained from rice production using three different varieties of rice and different weed control measures under two planting methods. The trials were laid out in split – plot design and replicated three times with factorial combination of two planting methods and three varieties in the main plots and weed control treatments in the subplots. The results revealed that transplanting gave better gross margin value with a mean value of 127,053 Naira for the three varieties of rice cultivated under different weed control methods compare to mean value of 113,303 Naira obtained in direct seeded of the same varieties cultivated under different weed control methods. The result of the BCR also showed that transplanting of rice yielded more profit with BCR value of 2.42 for the three varieties of rice cultivated under different weed control methods compared to BCR value of 2.33 for direct seeded rice. FARO 52 performed better among the three varieties of rice with higher mean gross margin values of 143,170 and 120,720 Naira, BCR of 2.60 and 2.42 for transplanting and direct seeded, respectively for the three years cropping season. Application of pre – emergence oxadiazon @ 1.0 Kgha-1 followed by post – emergence piperophos plus propanil @ 1.5 Kgha-1 applied at 5 WAS / T gave the highest gross margin of 166,770 Naira and BCR of 2.78 under transplanting for the three years which was closely followed by hand-pulling weed control measures with gross margin value of 165,720 Naira and BCR of 2.94 under direct seeding compared to the weedy check that gave the least gross margin and BCR in both methods of planting. The study therefore, concludes that transplanting of FARO 52 rice variety and combined pre-emergence application of oxadiazon @ 1.0 kg a.i.ha-1 followed by post-emergence piperophos plus propanil @1.5 kg a.i.ha-1 were the best and second suitable treatment interaction to obtain good profit. Therefore combination is recommended as the economically viable option for lowland rice production in the Sudan savanna agro-ecological zones.
COVID-19 and Preventing Child Trafficking – A Need for Collaborative Attitudes between Public Health and Educational Professionals in Supporting Vulnerable Children
Authors: Nagpal Rajeev , Kumanan Meera , Biswas Probhati , Nandwani Rashika
Published: October 2020

The present study aims to describe the need for collaborative attitudes between public health and educational professionals in supporting vulnerable children during COVID-19 pandemic. Trafficking is more common in socioeconomically underprivileged communities. COVID-19 has exposed the vulnerability of children across the world – in terms of resource availability, educational access, and safety. Child trafficking victims are recruited, harboured, or transferred for the purpose of exploitation. This alarming problem exists in all nations. Current social systems are not equipped to adequately manage our increasingly globalized world and are failing the world’s vulnerable children. Child protective service providers, medical/mental health support, as well as teachers and educational organizations are becoming more inaccessible due to poor funding and understaffing. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has recently reported increased risk for children and current victims during this pandemic. This paper suggests the critical role teachers and doctors can play in recognizing and blocking child trafficking and supporting victims. For these reasons, greater funding and resources for healthcare professionals and educators is necessary for training and implementation.
An Interlocking Fibrillar Polymer Layer for Mechanical Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jeong Seonju , Lee Inhwa , Kim Taek‐Soo , Lee Jung‐Yong
Published: October 2020

Atmospheric and mechanical stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) must be guaranteed for successful commercialization. A fibrillar polymer, poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT), is reported as an efficient hole transfer layer (HTL) which significantly improves air and mechanical stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PCDTBT fibrils formed at the grain boundaries of perovskite layer induce the highest fracture energies in the PSCs, which provide extrinsic reinforcement and shielding for enhanced mechanical and chemical stability. Debonding energy increases by 30% for the PSCs with PCDTBT fibrils, which fractures at 2.66 J m−2, compared to the devices without PCDTBT fibrils at 2.09 J m−2; more importantly, the threshold debonding driving force of the PCDTBT fibril‐based devices is greatly improved by twofold under ambient conditions.
Erbium Single‐Band Nanothermometry in the Third Biological Imaging Window: Potential and Limitations
Authors: Hazra Chanchal , Skripka Artiom , Ribeiro Sidney J. L. , Vetrone Fiorenzo
Published: October 2020

Near‐infrared (NIR) nanothermometers are sought after in biomedicine when it comes to measuring temperatures subcutaneously. Yet, temperature sensing within the third biological imaging window (BW‐III), where the highest contrast images can be obtained, remains relatively unexplored. Here, LiErF4/LiYF4 rare‐earth nanoparticles (RENPs) are studied as NIR nanothermometers in the BW‐III. Under 793 nm excitation, LiErF4/LiYF4 RENPs emit around 1540 nm, corresponding to the 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 radiative transition of Er3+. The fine Stark structure of this transition allows to delineate intensity regions within the emission band that can be used for single‐band ratiometric nanothermometry. These nanothermometers have a relative temperature sensitivity of ≈0.40% °C−1. The temperature‐dependent energy transfer to the surrounding solvent molecules plays a significant role in the thermometric properties of the RENPs. In addition, Ce3+ ions are doped in the core of the RENPs to examine whether it affects the NIR emission and temperature sensitivity. Ce3+ at 1 mol% marginally influences the downshifting emission intensity of the RENPs, yet increases the relative thermal sensitivity to ≈0.45% °C−1. Furthermore, Ce3+ quenches the visible upconversion emission of the RENPs. Together, LiErF4:Ce3+/LiYF4 RENPs enable single‐band photoluminescence nanothermometry in the BW‐III, with the future possibility of its integration within multifunctional decoupled theranostic nanostructures.
Adaptive Evolution of Peptide Inhibitors for Mutating SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Chaturvedi Parth , Han Yanxiao , Král Petr , Vuković Lela
Published: October 2020

The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is currently causing a worldwide pandemic with dramatic societal consequences for the humankind. In the past decades, disease outbreaks due to such zoonotic pathogens have appeared with an accelerated rate, which calls for an urgent development of adaptive (smart) therapeutics. Here, a computational strategy is developed to adaptively evolve peptides that could selectively inhibit mutating S protein receptor binding domains (RBDs) of different SARS‐CoV‐2 viral strains from binding to their human host receptor, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Starting from suitable peptide templates, based on selected ACE2 segments (natural RBD binder), the templates are gradually modified by random mutations, while retaining those mutations that maximize their RBD‐binding free energies. In this adaptive evolution, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the template‐RBD complexes are iteratively perturbed by the peptide mutations, which are retained under favorable Monte Carlo decisions. The computational search will provide libraries of optimized therapeutics capable of reducing the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on a global scale.
Gender Differences Among Milestone Assessments in a National Sample of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Programs
Authors: Zuckerbraun Noel S. , Levasseur Kelly , Kou Maybelle , Rose Jerri A. , Roskind Cindy G. , Vu Tien , Baghdassarian Aline , Leonard Kathryn , Shabanova Veronika , Langhan Melissa L.
Published: October 2020

Background

Understanding gender gaps in trainee evaluations is critical because these may ultimately determine the duration of training. Currently, no studies describe the influence of gender on the evaluation of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows.

Objective

The objective of our study was to compare milestone scores of female versus male PEM fellows.

Methods

This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of a national sample of PEM fellows from July 2014 to June 2018. Accreditation Council for Medical Education (ACGME) subcompetencies are scored on a 5‐point scale and span six domains: patient care (PC), medical knowledge, systems‐based practice, practice‐based learning and improvement, professionalism, and interpersonal and communication skills (ICS). Summative assessments of the 23 PEM subcompetencies are assigned by each program’s clinical competency committee and submitted semiannually for each fellow. Program directors voluntarily provided deidentified ACGME milestone reports. Demographics including sex, program region, and type of residency were collected. Descriptive analysis of milestones was performed for each year of fellowship. Multivariate analyses evaluated the difference in scores by sex for each of the subcompetencies.

Results

Forty‐eight geographically diverse programs participated, yielding data for 639 fellows (66% of all PEM fellows nationally); sex was recorded for 604 fellows, of whom 67% were female. When comparing the mean milestone scores in each of the six domains, there were no differences by sex in any year of training. When comparing scores within each of the 23 subcompetencies and correcting the significance level for comparison of multiple milestones, the scores for PC3 and ICS2 were significantly, albeit not meaningfully, higher for females.

Conclusion

In a national sample of PEM fellows, we found no major differences in milestone scores between females and males.
Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on vitamin D levels in old patients with sarcopenia
Authors: Bahşi Remzi , Atmiş Volkan , Mut Sürmeli Deniz , Selvi Öztorun Hande , Turgut Tuğba , Coşarderelioğlu Çağlar , Yalçin Ahmet , Aras Sevgi , Varli Murat
Published: October 2020

We aimed to determine the possible relationship between sarcopenia, Helicobacter pylori and 25‐OH vitamin D. A total of 101 patients aged 65 years and over were included in the study, and grouped as sarcopenia (+) and (−) according to the skeletal muscle index (SMI) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Also, patients were divided into two groups according to the presence and absence of H. pylori infection. There was no significant difference in the frequency of H. pylori infection in patients with and without sarcopenia (37.0% vs 29.7%; P = .485); 25‐OH vitamin D levels were significantly lower (18.25 [6.20‐32.00] μg/L vs 26.30 [9.33‐50.00] μg/L; P < .05) and the frequency of vitamin D deficiency (<20 μg/L) was significantly higher (80.0% vs 29.4%; P < .05) in sarcopenic patients with H. pylori infection than those without H. pylori infection. In addition, H. pylori infection was found to be associated with vitamin D deficiency in patients with sarcopenia (odds ratio: 12.53[1.48‐105.87]; P < .05). Within these findings, we concluded that the presence of H. pylori infection may lead to vitamin D deficiency in patients with sarcopenia.
A woman from Vietnam complained of chronic diarrhea: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Sung‐Yin , Liao Sih‐Han
Published: October 2020

Trichuris trichiura is a common parasite in subtropical and tropical regions. The prevalence is approximately 23.1% based on an epidemiology study conducted in Vietnam during 1990 to 2001. It is transmitted by oral‐fecal route and the common symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody stool and weight loss. Antihelminth agents like albendazole and mebendazole are the first‐line treatments, and the outcome is good. A 48‐year‐old female immigrant from Vietnam was referred from local clinic to our hospital for colonoscopy due to persistent diarrhea accompanied by abdominal cramping for 3 months. The frequency of diarrhea was four times per day. The characteristic of stool was pasty, and then became watery. Only lower abdominal tenderness was noticed by physical examination. Serology and stool investigations were negative. Colonoscopy was performed due to refractory symptoms and one whitish worm with whip‐like appearance in the cecum. Trichuris trichiura infection was diagnosed by microscopic morphology. Then, the patient was treated with mebendazole and her symptoms improved. The gold standard for diagnosis is stool microscopic examination, including ova, whipworm, or both. However, it is hard to find eggs in the stool samples from those patients who only have mild infections. Colonoscopy is a helpful tool to uncover the whipworm with negative stool examination and make the diagnosis of trichuriasis.
Supported Palladium‐Gold Catalyzed Carbonylative Methylthioesterification of Aryl Iodides using Oxalic acid and DMSO as CO and CH3SH Surrogates
Authors: Sharma Ajay Kumar , Ram Shankar , Sheetal  , Mehara Pushkar , Chauhan Arvind Singh , Das Pralay
Published: October 2020

The polystyrene supported palladium‐gold (Pd−Au@PS) catalyst was prepared and well characterized by HR‐TEM, EDX, Elemental Mapping, XPS and P‐XRD analysis. The Pd−Au@PS NPs displayed the superior catalytic activity than their monometallic forms. First time, the catalyst was applied for methylthioesterification reaction of aryl iodides with oxalic acid and DMSO as in situ carbon monoxide (CO) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) precursor. Yet, there is no report available where DMSO has been applied as CH3SH source for methylthioester synthesis. The CH3SH and CO are likely to poison the metal catalyst whereas in Pd−Au@PS catalyst, the beneficial inter‐electronic interactions between Pd and Au metals makes the catalyst highly reactive, poisoning resistant and recyclable during the transformation. Moreover, the developed protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance for various aryl iodides to delivered the desired products in moderate to very good yields.
Technical considerations when implementing digital infrastructure for social policy
Authors: Gulliver Robyn , Fahmi Marco , Abramson David
Published: October 2020

Big data and advanced computational methods are increasingly being used to inform decision making in social policy globally. As a result, there is a pressing need to identify best practice digital infrastructure design that allows policymakers and social sciences researchers to access, manipulate and use big data soundly and ethically, while identifying and resolving issues that can lead to unintended consequences and adverse social policy outcomes. However, building such digital infrastructure continues to be a technical challenge for users of big social and administrative data. This paper presents a model to evaluate and design best practice infrastructure for the use of big data in social policy. Our model identifies key technical infrastructure considerations for six stages of a data analysis pipeline, namely (1) data storage, (2) data integration, (3) data access, (4) data analysis, (5) data interpretation and (6) data operationalisation. We demonstrate the model via two applications: the E‐Verify online employment rights system and the Australian COVIDSafe app. The model provides a high‐level guide for social policymakers and researchers to consider systematically the relevant technical considerations when designing or upgrading digital infrastructure that uses analytical tools and big datasets from multiple sources.