bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor market marginalization in individuals with bipolar disorder: a Swedish nationwide register-based sibling comparison study
Authors: Ármannsdóttir Bergný , Taipale Heidi , Akhtar Aemal , Kautzky Alexander , Björkenstam Emma , Lieslehto Johannes , Tiihonen Jari , Amin Ridwanul , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor
Published: December 2024

Background

There is a lack of large-scale studies exploring labor market marginalization (LMM) among individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to investigate the association of BD with subsequent LMM in Sweden, and the effect of sex on LMM in BD.

Methods

Individuals aged 19–60 years living in Sweden with a first-time BD diagnosis between 2007 and 2016 (n = 25 231) were followed from the date of diagnosis for a maximum of 14 years. Risk of disability pension (DP), long-term sickness absence (SA) (>90 days), and long-term unemployment (>180 days) was compared to a matched comparison group from the general population, matched 1:5 on sex and birth year (n = 126 155), and unaffected full siblings (n = 24 098), using sex-stratified Cox regression analysis, yielding hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

After adjusting for socioeconomic factors, baseline labor market status, and comorbid disorders, individuals with BD had a significantly higher risk of DP compared to the general population (HR = 16.67, 95% CI 15.33–18.13) and their unaffected siblings (HR = 5.54, 95% CI 4.96–6.18). Individuals with BD were also more likely to experience long-term SA compared to the general population (HR = 3.19, 95% CI 3.09–3.30) and their unaffected siblings (HR = 2.83, 95% CI 2.70–2.97). Moreover, individuals diagnosed with BD had an elevated risk of long-term unemployment relative to both comparison groups (HR range: 1.75–1.78). Men with BD had a higher relative risk of SA and unemployment than women. No difference was found in DP.

Conclusions

Individuals with BD face elevated risks of LMM compared to both the general population and unaffected siblings.
Negotiation, adoption and domestic implementation of the annex on liability to the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty
Authors: Ferrada Luis V. , Caldera Diego A.
Published: December 2024

Rules on liability are essential to ensuring the enforcement of an international agreement. The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting's adoption of Measure 1 (2005), which contains Annex VI to the Protocol on Environmental Protection, is the first step towards complying with Article 16 of the Environmental Protocol on Liability. However, the approval process has been slow, and Measure 1 (2005) is still not in force. Here, we show a need for more momentum in its approval and that its domestic implementation varies significantly. Only 19 states have approved Measure 1 (2005) out of the 28 Consultative Parties required to enter into force. Ten have incorporated national provisions anticipating its entry into force. Our study suggests that the perceived inadequacy of Annex VI, the cost of response actions to environmental emergencies and the misplaced importance of Antarctic matters within many states’ priorities contribute to the slow approval process. This analysis provides insights into the Antarctic Treaty System's governance mechanisms, particularly the liability regime and its implementation. The domestic legislation related to Antarctic liability is also analysed. This paper aims to explain the cumbersome approval process of Annex VI and to serve as a cautionary tale for future liability developments.
Ghost in the Machine
Authors: Burton Robert A.
Published: December 2024

Delisted in the building directory, my name stripped from my cramped quarters just off the corpus callosum, I am impossible to find. In petitioning for official reinstatement, I have agreed to the humiliating lab investigations required for documentation. I have waved, howled, screamed, pleaded, and moaned into the latest scanners, and generally made a fool of myself. But researchers, after extensive soul-searching, and being unable to capture me as pixels and waveforms, have moved on to greener pastures. So be it. I accept official non-existence.
For a World to Come: designing the future amidst climate crisis
Authors: Voelcker Becca
Published: December 2024

Climate breakdown demands new ways of thinking, new ways of relating to other human and non-human beings, and therefore new ways of approaching the future. Approaches to the future that adequately account for the climate need to be sufficiently far-reaching to avoid quick-fix solutionism, and sufficiently grounded to avoid unbounded flights of visionary fancy. The climate crisis is a gritty, contested situation that cannot be approached through one means alone. If architecture and spatial practice realise their inherent interdisciplinary potential, they could contribute to forming new modes of spatial relation that have profoundly social and climatic implications. The reverse is equally true: the social, economic, and environmental shifts required will bring new spatial formations which require new spatial practices. This essay explores how futures may be thought of in terms more appropriate to climate. Architects and spatial practitioners are capable of effecting social and ecological change despite their historical implication in the structures and practices of the extractive capitalist system within which they operate. The different projects and practices studied here, from the 1960s to the present, offer ways of thinking about the future that have spatial consequences in the built environment but reach into wider socio-political and ecological realms. What we can take from these practices and projects are lessons in how systemic change must guide design for the future, and how new spatial relations can support this change rather than circumscribe its parameters. As the various practitioners described in this essay prove, subverting systems from within is possible. And from that subversive first step, critical, imaginative, and projective steps can follow.
Skinfolk, but Not Kinfolk? Paradoxical Representation Among Ethnic Minority Conservative Political Elites in the UK
Authors: Begum Neema , Bankole Michael , Briscoe-Palmer Shardia , Godshaw Dan , Saini Rima
Published: December 2024

As the number of ethnic minority politicians increase across countries like the United Kingdom and the United States, so too have instances in which these officeholders act against the communities they descriptively represent. In this contribution, we introduce the concept of paradoxical representation which we argue functions through neoliberal, post-racial scripts of color-blindness and meritocracy. Similar to research on gender representation which calls into question assumptions that substantive representation will follow unproblematically from women’s descriptive representation (Celis and Childs 2012), we argue that ethnic minority representatives can act as “post-racial gatekeepers.” This means paradoxically working against rather than for marginalized ethnic minority groups (Saini, Bankole, and Begum 2023). Through political discourse and policymaking, these representatives construct and “gatekeep” hegemonic ideas around race, racism, gender, and migration.
The Evolution of Dense ULVZs Originating Outside LLSVPs and Implications for Dynamics at LLSVP Margins
Authors: Liu Xi , Tian Fanfan , Li Juan , Li Yang , Sun Weidong
Published: December 2024

Interactions between multiple‐scale thermochemical heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle, specifically ultralow velocity zones (ULVZs) and large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs), are critical in lower mantle dynamics. However, the evolution of ULVZs formed outside LLSVPs has not been thoroughly explored. Here we perform two‐dimensional numerical experiments to examine the evolution of highly dense ULVZs originating beneath cold downwellings and their interactions with the LLSVP. We find that ULVZs with an intrinsic density anomaly more than 500 kg/m3 compared with the ambient lowermost mantle cannot fully enter the LLSVP and would dwell at LLSVP margins for an indefinitely long time. This suggests that dense ULVZ within LLSVPs might have different sources from those outside LLSVPs. The buoyancy number and compositional viscosity of ULVZs are controlling factors on their dynamics and imprints on the core‐mantle boundary (CMB), such as how much the ULVZ protrudes into the LLSVP and the CMB topography beneath the ULVZ. The excess density of ULVZs dictates their width but not their thickness. The oscillations of ULVZ morphology suggest that various types of plumes occur at the LLSVP margin. The mobility of ULVZ implies that the bottom margin of the LLSVP moves much faster than its center. Hot zones exist within the LLSVP near its margins, which may affect the evolution of ULVZs and subducted material nearby. The CMB topography under dense ULVZs are positive unless the buoyancy number of ULVZs exceeds 6.0. These results have intriguing implications for the distribution of ULVZs as well as thermochemical evolution in the lowermost mantle.
Impacts of Urban Heat and Surface Roughness on Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Intensity: A Case Study Based on TC Victor (1997) in Coastal South China
Authors: Hu Chenxi , Tam Chi‐Yung , Li Zhenning , Chen Jilong , Chow Tsun Ngai , Li Yubin , Cheung Kevin K. W. , Chu Jung‐Eun , Yang Zong‐Liang
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impacts of urban‐induced anthropogenic heat (AH) and surface roughness on Tropical Cyclone (TC) Victor (1997) using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. TC Victor originated in the South China Sea and made landfall over the Greater Bay Area (GBA) megacity. The storm was characterized by slow movement, a weakly organized structure, and a small size. Three parallel experiments were conducted in the following setups: “Nourban,” where urban areas in the GBA were replaced by croplands, “AH0” (“AH300”), in which the diurnal maximum AH was set to 0 (300 W/m2) in urban locations. The urbanization effect during the landfall period results in a notable reduction in both the Power Dissipation Index and Integrated Kinetic Energy of the storm. A Lagrangian particle dispersion model further demonstrates that from 33 to 17 hr prelandfall, the entrainment of AH‐affected warm airflow into the TC's circulation leads to a decrease in both the convective available potential energy and surface latent heat flux in the western quadrant of the TC, thus weakening the cyclone's intensity. Furthermore, from 12 hr prelandfall to 8 hr postlandfall, there is an intense influx of AH‐affected airflow into the TC's primary circulation, resulting in a decrease in relative humidity and a stronger asymmetrical structure, declining the TC intensity. Concurrently, urban surface roughness contributes to a decrease in postlandfall storm intensity through frictional energy dissipation. This study underscores the critical role of AH and urban roughness in modulating TC intensity for storms with specific characteristics, emphasizing the need for deeper insights into urban‐TC dynamics.
Advective Transport Between the Stratosphere and Mesosphere
Authors: Zajíček R. , Mikšovský J. , Eichinger R. , Pišoft P. , Šácha P.
Published: December 2024

The Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC) characterizes the large‐scale meridional overturning mass circulation influencing the composition of the whole middle atmosphere. The BDC consists of two separate parts—a shallow branch in the lower stratosphere and a deep branch higher in the middle atmosphere. Climate models robustly project the advective BDC part to accelerate due to greenhouse gas‐induced climate change and this acceleration strongly influences middle atmospheric chemistry and physics in the projections. A prominent quantity that is being studied as a proxy for advective BDC changes is the net tropical upwelling across pressure levels, particularly in the lower stratosphere. The upper branch of the BDC has received considerably less research attention than its shallow part, although, together with the mean mesospheric pole‐to‐pole circulation, it couples the stratosphere and mesosphere and is responsible for a large portion of the interhemispheric transport in the middle atmosphere. Aiming to fill this gap, we here study climatology and trends in advective mass transport across the stratopause. Results based on the analysis of seven CCMI models include quantification of the climatological cross‐stratopause advective transport, characterization of its interannual variability and long‐term trend as well as detailed analysis of inter‐model differences using a novel decomposition methodology. Our results demonstrate that the changes in circulation speed as well as changes in horizontal and vertical structure in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere jointly shape the projected increasing advective mass flux across the stratopause due to increasing greenhouse‐gas emissions.
A New Approach to Account for Species‐Specific Sand Capture by Plants in an Aeolian Sediment Transport and Coastal Dune Building Model
Authors: Laporte‐Fauret Quentin , Wengrove Meagan , Ruggiero Peter , Hacker Sally D. , Cohn Nicholas , Zarnetske Phoebe L. , Piercy Candice D.
Published: December 2024

Vegetation plays a crucial role in coastal dune building. Species‐specific plant characteristics can modulate sediment transport and dune shape, but this factor is absent in most dune building numerical models. Here, we develop a new approach to implement species‐specific vegetation characteristics into a process‐based aeolian sediment transport model. Using a three‐step approach, we incorporated the morphological differences of three dune grass species dominant in the US Pacific Northwest coast (European beachgrass Ammophila arenaria, American beachgrass A. breviligulata, and American dune grass Leymus mollis) into the model AeoLiS. First, we projected the tiller frontal area of each grass species onto a high resolution grid and then re‐scaled the grid to account for the associated vegetation cover for each species. Next, we calibrated the bed shear stress in the numerical model to replicate the actual sand capture efficiency of each species, as measured in a previously published wind tunnel experiment. Simulations were then performed to model sand bedform development within the grass canopies with the same shoot densities for all species and with more realistic average field densities. The species‐specific model shows a significant improvement over the standard model by (a) accurately simulating the sand capture efficiency from the wind tunnel experiment for the grass species and (b) simulating bedform morphology representative of each species' characteristic bedform morphology using realistic field vegetation density. This novel approach to dune modeling will improve spatial and temporal predictions of dune morphologic development and coastal vulnerability under local vegetation conditions and variations in sand delivery.
Cold Tectonics of Kos, Central Dodecanese: Oligocene Bivergent Extension of the Pelagonian Domain
Authors: Roche Vincent , Grasemann Bernhard , Schneider David , Soukis Konstantinos , Pichler Michael
Published: December 2024

Tectonic and lithological correlations between the Cycladic Blueschist Unit of the Aegean domain and Pelagonian domain of the western Turkey have rarely been proposed. Herein, we focus on the pre‐volcanic geology of Kos, and investigate the tectonic history of the central Dodecanese Islands and the general correlation between the two domains. Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material analyses combined with white mica 40Ar/39Ar and zircon (U‐Th)/He geochronology were carried out to determine peak temperatures and the timing of tectonothermal events recorded by the various units. Three tectonic units were identified: (a) the Dikeos Unit including the Paleozoic Unit overlain by the Permo‐Triassic Wildflysch Unit, whose rocks have reached a maximum temperature of 300°C; (b) the Marina Basement Unit was thrusted onto the Dikeos Unit with top‐to‐N kinematics during the Paleocene, reaching a maximum temperature of 565°C; (c) the Marina Cover Unit is preserved as isolated klippen juxtaposed onto the Dikeos Unit along the Oligocene top‐to‐SSE Kos Detachment. The Dikeos Unit was then intruded by a c. 10 Ma monzonite, creating a few hundred meters wide metamorphic aureole. At the regional scale, we propose that units from Kos belong to the Pelagonian domain and that post‐orogenic N‐S bivergent extension started in the Oligocene. Over the same time, the deformation started to propagate to deeper structural levels affecting the rocks of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit. Unfortunately, the lack of consensus on the deformation history in southwestern Turkey does not unequivocally allow the constraints to be extended eastward. Finally, mid‐Neogene to recent extension continues within a consistent N‐S direction, which is related to slab retreat and tearing.
Alternating modified CAPOX/CAPIRI plus bevacizumab in untreated unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase 2 trial
Authors: Li Sheng , Li Xiaoyou , Xu Hanfeng , Huang Jiayuan , Zhu Jingni , Peng Ying , Bao Jun , Zhu Liangjun
Published: December 2024

Previous studies showed encouraging efficacy of alternating FOLFOX/FOLFIRI for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This phase 2 trial (NCT04324476) aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of alternating modified CAPOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin)/modified CAPIRI (capecitabine and irinotecan) plus bevacizumab (anti-VEGF-A antibody) in untreated unresectable mCRC. Induction treatment included capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 bid D2–8 and D16–22, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 D1, irinotecan 150 mg/m2 D15, and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg D1 and 15 for 28-day cycles (up to six cycles). Capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 bid D2–15 and bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg D1 for 21-day cycles were used as maintenance treatment. 52 patients were included. Median follow-up was 25.0 months. Median progression-free survival (PFS; the primary endpoint) was 11.0 months (95% CI 9.0–12.4). Subgroup analyses showed patients with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio<5 or RAS wild-type disease had longer PFS (both P < 0.05). Objective response and disease control were obtained in 38 (73%; 95% CI 59%–84%) and 49 (94%; 95% CI 84%–99%), respectively. Mean depth of response, conversion and no evidence of disease rates were 46.0% ± 26.3%, 23% and 19%, respectively. Median overall survival was 28.1 months (18.4–34.0). Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) occurred in 17 (33%) patients. No treatment-related death was reported. The most common grade 3–4 TRAE were hypertension (13 [25%]), neutrophil count decreased (three [6%]), and hand-foot syndrome (two [4%]). In addition, grade 3–4 TRAE of diarrhea reported in one [2%] patient and no grade 3–4 peripheral neuropathy occurred. Thus, alternating modified CAPOX/CAPIRI plus bevacizumab had promising efficacy and acceptable safety. The regimen may be a novel option for untreated unresectable mCRC.
Visual and anatomical failure of anti-VEGF therapy for retinal vascular diseases: a survival analysis of real-world data
Authors: Fu Dun Jack , Mishra Amit V. , Quek Chrystie , Balaskas Konstantinos , Pontikos Nikolas , Sim Dawn , Sivaprasad Sobha , Faes Livia
Published: December 2024

Importance

Predicting undesirable outcomes following anti-VEGF initiation in macular oedema is critical for effective clinical decision-making and optimised care.

Objective

To estimate the time to undesirable events in diabetic macular oedema (DMO), central and branch vein occlusions (CRVO and BRVO) after appropriate loading doses with either ranibizumab or aflibercept and identified baseline predictors of negative outcome.

Design, setting, participants

A retrospective cohort study of 3277 patients (N = 2107 in DMO, N = 413 in CRVO and N = 757 in BRVO) collected over a 10-year period, in a large UK tertiary centre. Only one eye was included per patient. Inclusion criteria pre-specified a minimum of two clinic visits with one being at least 6 months post treatment.

Main outcome and measures

The main outcome measure was absence of visual acuity (VA) improvement due to macular oedema failure of anti-VEGF therapy (defined as VA gain <5 ETDRS letters and CST increase of 50 µm or CST > 325 µm) modelled using time-event analyzes of appropriately loaded patients. Secondary outcomes included survival curves by individual condition (DMO, CRVO, BRVO) and factors associated with negative outcomes.

Results

After starting anti-VEGF, there was a 50% chance of undesirable outcomes at 2.3, 5.24 and 6.16 years for DMO, CRVO and BRVO, respectively. Cox proportional hazards modelling identified presenting age, intraretinal (IRF) volume, presence of DMO and VA as predictors of negative outcomes, whilst South East Asian ethnicity conferred an independent protective effect.

Conclusion

Real-world data suggest that undesirable events following anti-VEGF injections is likely to in 50% of patients by the third year of treatment in spite of appropriate loading. The definition of undesirable treatment events captured nearly all patients who were escalated to another therapy, but this proportion represented a small percentage of our definition of failed response.
Genetic Architecture of Schizophrenia: Transitioning from Candidate Genes to Polygenic Risk Scores
Authors: Ebrahimi Mahbod , Akbarian Niki , Teymouri Kowsar , Tiwari Arun K. , Kennedy James L. , Zai Clement C.
Published: December 2024

Schizophrenia is a highly polygenic disorder with many common genetic variants contributing to the disease risk. These genetic variants are identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and used to calculate a combined genetic risk, called a polygenic risk score (PRS), for each individual. The PRS approach is being increasingly used to determine whether PRS could be used as a predictive tool in determining the clinical trajectory of schizophrenia patients. Here, we provide a general overview of evidence relating to the applicability of PRS in relation to schizophrenia symptoms. Studies illustrate that schizophrenia PRS could be used to predict certain core clinical correlates of schizophrenia, including a more severe course of illness, negative symptoms, brain activation patterns, and cognitive deficits. However, there is no strong support for association between PRS and positive symptoms, treatment-resistance status, and brain structural changes. Overall, studies are showing the potential clinical utility of PRS to aid in more precise patient stratification and in predicting schizophrenia-related symptoms with a promising future for widespread clinical implementation.
Smell of Dopamine in Schizophrenia: Towards Drug Discovery
Authors: Zhou Hai-Qian , Li Qian , Yin Dong-Min
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, we will propose the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia from the angle of the olfactory system, in light of recent evidence highlighting the importance of nasal dopamine in regulating activity of olfactory sensory neurons that play critical roles in modulating higher brain functions. We will then discuss the potential contribution of olfactory dysfunction to schizophrenia, and the possibility of using the olfactory system as a translational platform for mechanistic study and drug development of schizophrenia. Lastly, we will summarize the prospect of intranasal administration as a novel and efficient route to target the central nervous system.
A DNA conformational nanoswitch for amplification of both low-abundance protein imaging in living cells and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Fan Mingzhu , Guo Wei , Li Xinran , Fan Huile , Luo Zhihui , Xu Jiayao , Huang Huakui , Wang Shulong
Published: December 2024

A schematic illustration of the DNA conformational nanoswitch developed for imaging low-abundance proteins in cells and facilitating PDT.
A label-free fluorescent-hydrogel sensor for heparin detection in diluted whole blood
Authors: Wei Yingnan , Tang Jie , Zhang Jinyi , Lin Yao , Zheng Chengbin
Published: December 2024

Heparin is a widely used blood anticoagulant and its monitoring in blood is essential during surgery.
Non-symmetric cysteine stapling in native peptides and proteins
Authors: Ullrich Sven , Panda Bishvanwesha , Somathilake Upamali , Lawes Douglas J. , Nitsche Christoph
Published: December 2024

The bifunctional reagent 2-chloromethyl-6-cyanopyridine enables biocompatible, non-symmetric stapling of N-terminal and internal cysteines. Stapled peptides exhibit improved affinity, inhibition and stability and can be displayed on proteins.
Electrochemical synthesis of nitrosation compounds using CH3NO2 as a nitroso reagent
Authors: Deng Rong , Li Kai , Zha Zhenggen , Sun Qi , Wang Zhiyong
Published: December 2024

Electrocatalysis nitrosomethane nitrosation with secondary amines to form nitroso compounds under metal-free and chemical oxidant-free conditions.
Motility-induced collapse of an active Brownian particle polymer chain
Authors: Buglakov Aleksandr , Lelecova Vasilisa , Chertovich Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

The ability of monomer units to transform energy into translational movements brings peculiar order into nonequlibrium active polymer.
VUV photochemistry of cyclopropenone (c-C3H2O): formation rate and abundance ratios of propynal (HCCCHO) and propadienone (CH2CCO)
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamad , Guillemin Jean-Claude , Krim Lahouari
Published: December 2024

The distribution of isomeric species in the interstellar medium cannot be directly related to their relative energetic stabilities but more to their mechanisms of formation and evolution.
Electrochemical valorization of captured CO2: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Hu Xin-Ming , Liang Hong-Qing , Rosas-Hernández Alonso , Daasbjerg Kim
Published: December 2024

This review highlights recent advancements and offers insights into the electrochemical conversion of captured CO2, focusing on capture medium, product control, system optimization, and the practical integration of CO2 capture and conversion.
A perfect ultra-wideband solar absorber with a multilayer stacked structure of Ti–SiO2–GaAs: structure and outstanding characteristics
Authors: An Kang , Ma Can , Sun Tangyou , Song Qianju , Bian Liang , Yi Zao , Zhang Jianguo , Tang Chaojun , Wu Pinghui , Zeng Qingdong
Published: December 2024

The solar absorber achieves perfect absorption and high thermal radiation efficiency via surface plasmon and Fabry–Pérot resonances.
Synthesis, characterization and functionalization of titanium κ1N amidinato complexes from carbodiimides
Authors: Eilers Marcel , Bültena Saskia , Schwitalla Kevin , Schmidtmann Marc , Beckhaus Rüdiger
Published: December 2024

A series of titanium amidinato complexes were synthesized by stoichiometric insertion reactions of carbodiimides into bis(π–η5:σ–η1-pentafulvene)titanium complexes.
Micro- and nanoplastic-mediated phototransformation and bioaccessibility of fluorinated liquid crystal monomer in aquatic environments
Authors: Feng Yiping , Wu Jingyi , Lao Wenhao , Ye Weibiao , Guo Danni , Wang Zhu , Wu Xiaowei , Lai Racliffe Weng Seng
Published: December 2024

Our work suggested that micro- and nanoplastics influence the phototransformation and bioaccessibility of fluorinated liquid crystal monomers in aquatic environments.
High strength, self-activating ability and fast adhesion of polyurethane adhesives based on rosin structure in different environments
Authors: Yang Rui , Tan Li , Pan Zheng , Tian Linfeng , Zhang Tianchen , Zhao Baozheng , Song Fei , Zhou Yonghong , Zhang Meng
Published: December 2024

The polyol was synthesized using dehydroabietic acid (DA) to prepare the adhesive DAP–PU. And the hydrophobic effect of the hydrogenated phenanthrene ring of the DA was utilized to exclude interfacial water and achieve underwater adhesion.
Synthesis of 3-propargyl isoindolinones by Pd/Cu-catalyzed enantioselective Heck/Sonogashira reaction of enamides
Authors: Wang Qiang , Pan Ya-Lin , Liang Ren-Xiao , Hu Yuan-Yuan , Jia Yi-Xia
Published: December 2024

An enantioselective Pd/Cu-catalyzed sequential Heck/Sonogashira reaction of electron-rich enamides is reported, providing various 3-propargyl isoindolinone derivatives bearing quaternary stereogenic centers in good yield and enantioselectivity.
Synthesis of 2,3,5-trisubstituted 1H-pyrroles via formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 1-arylpropynes and nitriles and their antiproliferative activities
Authors: He Dandan , Li Ling , Wen Xiong , Yin Luxiang , Li Jue , Wu Sha , Li Huili , Jiang Fei , Shen Xiangchun
Published: December 2024

A base-promoted and precise [3 + 2] cycloaddition strategy has been established to access 2,3,5-trisubstituted 1H-pyrroles.
Ultrasensitive detection of antimicrobial resistance genes using hybridization chain reaction employing carbon dots
Authors: Thakkar Harshil , Thakore Sonal , Baghel Manoj , Kosara Sanjay , Upadhyaya Heli , Chalan Hemanta , Gajjar Devarshi
Published: December 2024

Rapid detection of AntiMicrobial Resistance (AMR) genes using carbon dots through Hybridization Chain Reaction (HCR).
Fabrication and evaluation of a sensitive electrochemical sensor based on double hydroxide in nickel–aluminum nanolayers for the quantification of pyrocatechol
Authors: Khan Mir Mehran , Ghumro Tania , Fatima Nahal , Memon Saima Q. , Solangi Amber R. , López-Maldonado José Trinidad , Cornejo-Bravo José Manuel , López-Maldonado Eduardo Alberto
Published: December 2024

Stages in the fabrication of the functional electrode modified with Ni–Al-LDH.
Optimizing the charge transport in redox-active gels: a computational study
Authors: Sergeev A. V. , Rudyak V. Yu. , Samodelkin R. A. , Kozhunova E. Yu. , Chertovich A. V.
Published: December 2024

Charge transport speed in redox active gels exhibits a prominent maximum in the swollen-collapsed transition region.
Ultra-flexible organic solar cells based on eco-friendly cellulose substrate with efficiency approaching 19%
Authors: Xiao Zheng , Liu Jian , Chen Xin , Suo Zhaochen , Cao Xiangjian , Xu Nuo , Yao Zhaoyang , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng
Published: December 2024

An eco-friendly EC-based ultra-flexible substrate has been developed with ETPTA. Based on this substrate, an ultra-flexible and ultralight organic solar cell is fabricated, achieving an impressive efficiency approaching 19%.
New thermoplastic poly(ester–ether) elastomers with enhanced mechanical properties derived from long-chain dicarboxylic acid for medical device applications
Authors: Wu Xiangwei , Yang Tao , Jiang Xiaoqin , Su Wei , Liu Fei , Wang Jinggang , Zhu Jin
Published: December 2024

A thermoplastic elastomer with excellent toughness, biocompatibility, and remarkable elastic recovery was developed by incorporation of a bio-based long chain dicarboxylic acid via regulation of both hard and soft segments of poly(ester–ether).
An inorganic water-based paint for high-durability passive radiative cooling
Authors: Li Siyuan , Zhang Xianglin , Yang Yanfei , Li Xin , Xu Hongbo , Zhao Juyan , Pattelli Lorenzo , Pan Lei , Zhao Jiupeng , Li Yao
Published: December 2024

A water-based, sprayable paint formulation made of inorganic alumina particles and a sodium methylsilicate binder combines strong radiative cooling properties with durable UV resistance without the need for high-temperature calcination treatments.
Gas dynamics around a Jupiter-mass planet
Authors: Cridland Alex J. , Lega Elena , Benisty Myriam
Published: December 2024

The link between the chemistry of the protoplanetary disk and the properties of the resulting planets have long been a subject of interest in the effort to understand planet formation. These connections have generally been made between mature planets and young protoplanetary disks through the carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio. In a rare number of systems, young protoplanets have been found within their natal protoplanetary disks. These systems offer a unique opportunity to directly study the delivery of gas from the protoplanetary disk to the planet. In this work we post-process 3D numerical simulations of an embedded Jupiter-mass planet in its protoplanetary disk to explore the chemical evolution of gas as it flows from the disk to the planet. The relevant dust to this chemical evolution is assumed to be small co-moving grains with a reduced dust-to-gas ratio indicative of the upper atmosphere of a protoplanetary disk. We find that as the gas enters deep into the planet’s gravitational well, it warms significantly (up to ~800 K), releasing all of the volatile content from the ice phase. This change in phase can influence our understanding of the delivery of volatile species to the atmospheres of giant planets. The primary carbon, oxygen, and sulphur carrying ices (CO2, H2O, and H2S) are released into the gas phase and along with the warm gas temperatures near the embedded planets lead to the production of unique species such as CS, SO, and SO2 compared to the protoplanetary disk. We compute the column densities of SO, SO2, CS, and H2CS in our model and find that their values are consistent with previous observational studies.
Gamma-ray burst prompt emission from the synchrotron radiation of relativistic electrons in a rapidly decaying magnetic field
Authors: Daigne F. , Bošnjak Ž.
Published: December 2024

Context. Synchrotron radiation from accelerated electrons above the photosphere of a relativistic ejecta is a natural candidate for the dominant radiative process for the prompt gamma-ray burst emission. There is, however, a tension between the predicted low-energy spectral index, α = −3/2, in the fast cooling regime and observations.

Aims. Radiating electrons have time to travel away from their acceleration site and may experience an evolving magnetic field. We study the impact of a decaying field on the synchrotron spectrum.

Methods. We computed the radiation from electrons in a decaying magnetic field, including adiabatic cooling, synchrotron radiation, inverse Compton scatterings, and pair production. We explored the physical conditions in the co-moving frame of the emission region and focused on the fast cooling regime where the radiative timescale of electrons with a Lorentz factor Γm responsible for the peak of the emission, tsyn(Γm), is much shorter than the dynamical timescale tdyn.

Results. We find that the effect of the magnetic field decay depends on its characteristic timescale tB: (i) for a slow decay with tB ≳ 10 tsyn(Γm), the effect is very weak and the spectral shape is mostly determined by the impact of the inverse Compton scatterings on the electron cooling, leading to −3/2 ≤ α ≤ −1, and (ii) for a fast decay with 0.1 tsyn(Γm)≲tB ≲ 10 tsyn(Γm), the magnetic field decay has a strong impact, leading naturally to the synchrotron marginally fast cooling regime, where α tends to −2/3, while the radiative efficiency remains high. The high-energy inverse Compton component is enhanced in this regime. (iii) For an even faster decay, the whole electron population is in the slow cooling regime.

Conclusions. We conclude that efficient synchrotron radiation in a rapidly decaying magnetic field can reproduce low-energy photon indices ranging from α = −3/2 to −2/3, which is in agreement with the measured value in the majority of gamma-ray burst spectra.
The bulk metallicity of giant planets around M stars
Authors: Müller Simon , Helled Ravit
Published: December 2024

Determination of the bulk metallicity of giant exoplanets is essential in order to constrain their formation and evolution pathways and to compare them to the Solar System. Previous studies inferred an inverse relation between the mass and bulk metallicity. However, these studies used data mostly for planets orbiting FGK stars. The recent discoveries of giant exoplanets around M-dwarf stars present an opportunity to probe whether they follow a mass–metallicity trend that is different from that of their FGK counterparts. Using evolution models, we characterised the interiors of giant exoplanets with reliable mass–radius measurements that orbit FGK and M-dwarf stars. We then inferred the mass–metallicity trends for both populations. We find that the bulk metallicity of giant planets around M stars is overall lower than that of planets around FGK stars. This yields mass–metallicity relations for the two populations with similar slopes but significantly different offsets. The lack of metal-rich giant planets around M dwarfs could explain the difference in the inferred offset and could be a result of different formation conditions. However, there are only 20 successful bulk-metallicity retrievals for the giant planets around M dwarfs, which results in rather large uncertainties. Therefore, it is of great importance to continue detecting these planets with both transit and radial velocities. Additionally, the characterisation of the atmospheres of giant planets around M-stars would further help to constrain their interiors and facilitate investigations of the atmosphere–interior connection. Such investigations will significantly contribute to our understanding of the possible formation pathways of giant planets.
Finite element modelling tibia bone vibration – the influence of shape, twist, and end scale
Authors: Scanlan Jamie , Umnova Olga , Li Francis
Published: December 2024

The percussion response of long bone has the potential to be used as a measure of bone strength for Osteoporosis detection. Modelling the vibration response requires describing the shape of the long bone which can have several features. An overly simplistic model of the shape does not give enough insight into their influence on the vibration response. This paper identifies the key features of the shape of a tibia and femur bone (cross-sectional shape, twist, and scale of the ends) and investigates their individual effects on the eigenfrequencies using finite element modelling. A femur and tibia model are dissected at the thicker ends and length adjusted to isolate the influence of the proximal and distal ends on the eigenfrequencies. Selected cross-sectional shapes are investigated to simplify the modelling and compared to real bone cross-sections and results. The twist is added across the longitudinal axis of the model producing an inline twist to the cross-section and resulting in a 1.5–2.5% decrease in frequencies per 20° of twist. The scale of the cross-sections at the ends of the model are increased along a set length of the bone to emulate the larger proximal and distal end of the long bones. The results show that any model for the vibro-acoustic response of long bones needs to include asymmetry in the cross-section as well as the scaling of the ends.
Inclusive rare Λb decays to photon
Authors: Loparco Francesco
Published: December 2024

Inclusive Hb → Xs γ decays, with Hb a beauty baryon, are treated exploiting an expansion up to the third order in the inverse of the b quark mass mb and to LO in αs, keeping the dependence on the hadron spin. Double distribution d2Γ/dy d cos θ P is computed for polarized baryons, with y = 2 Eγ/mb, Eγ the photon energy and θP the angle between the baryon spin vector and the photon momentum in the Hb rest-frame. Modifications to the photon polarization asymmetry can probe effects of physics beyond the Standard Model. A systematic method to treat the singular terms in the photon energy spectrum obtained by the OPE is proposed.
Hyperon physics at BESIII
Authors: Zhang Jingxu
Published: December 2024

The BESIII experiment has been successfully operating at the BEPCII collider since 2008, collecting extensive data samples at the resonances J/ψ and ψ(2S). Recently, BESIII has presented a series of analyses focusing on hyperon physics, particularly the production of hyperon-antihyperon pairs from charmonium states. The polarizations of Ξ− and Ξ0 hyperons have been accurately measured at BESIII, providing a new avenue to test the CP symmetry of multi-strange hyperons. Additionally, BESIII has determined the absolute branching fractions and angular distribution parameters αγ in Λ and Σ+ radiative hyperon decays with significantly higher accuracy than previous measurements. BESIII has also reported on the interactions of Ξ0 and Λ hyperons with nuclei. In this proceeding, we present a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in hyperon physics achieved by the BESIII experiment.
Feynman integrals: Synergies between particle physics and gravitational waves
Authors: Mandal Manoj Kumar
Published: December 2024

Feynman integrals are essential for computing scattering amplitudes. Linear relations among these integrals, through Integral-By-Parts (IBP) identities, reduce them to a smaller set of independent integrals, known as master integrals (MIs). In twisted de-Rham cohomology, Feynman integrals form a vector space with an inner product, called the intersection number, which simplifies this reduction process. These methods have been applied in particle physics and recently extended to gravitational wave physics, notably in modeling binary black hole mergers. This proceedings highlights the synergy between these fields, showcasing how advanced techniques from Feynman integrals enable high-precision results in both areas.
Exploring QGP signature in small system: Insights from ALICE in p–Pb and pp collisions
Authors: Patra Rajendra Nath
Published: December 2024

The formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) has been confirmed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion (i.e. Pb-Pb) collisions. Results from small collision systems, such as proton-ion (p–Pb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at LHC energies, have revealed several notable features: a hardening of the pT-spectra and evidence of radial flow, an enhancement in (multi-)strange hadron production with increasing multiplicity, and non-zero anisotropic flow coefficients. These observations suggest the presence of collective effects, similar to those found in the QGP in heavy-ion collisions. In the searching of QGP formation in small collision systems, in particular, high-multiplicity (HM) p–Pb and pp collisions are essential as their charged-particle multiplicity is comparable to that of peripheral heavy-ion collisions. This proceeding presents the LHC Run 2 results of light-flavour hadron (π, K, p) production in high-multiplicity pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with a focus on transverse momenta (pT) spectra, mean transverse momenta (〈pT〉), ratio of pT-spectra and the ratio of the integrated yields of kaon-to-pion and proton-to-pion. The results are compared with that of heavy-ion collisions. The anisotropic flow (v2) measurement in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV and pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV are also shown and compared with the results from Pb–Pb collisions.
Holographic phases of QCD
Authors: Singh Akash , Yogendran K. P.
Published: December 2024

In this presentation, we will discuss the QCD phase diagram at finite temperature and finite baryon chemical potential using a hardwall holographic AdS/QCD model. We study bulk gravity solutions with appropriate boundary conditions that represent strongly interacting nuclear matter, deconfined quarks, and various possible condensates over a range of baryon chemical potential and temperature.
Les tunneling nanotubes
Authors: Rakotobe Malalaniaina , Zurzolo Chiara
Published: December 2024

Les tunneling nanotubes (TNT) sont des protrusions membranaires ouvertes permettant la communication directe entre cellules distantes. Des recherches récentes ont révélé leur importance biologique, notamment dans le système nerveux où leurs rôles pourraient être cruciaux. Observés dans le cerveau en développement, les TNT sont impliqués dans les maladies neurodégénératives, les cancers du cerveau et dans d’autres types de maladies, soulignant leur rôle physiopathologique. Leur découverte pourrait conduire à reconsidérer le cerveau comme un réseau neuronal physiquement connecté, complémentant ainsi la théorie de Cajal sur les neurones en tant qu’entités distinctes.
Research on marketing strategies in the pet food industry: A case study based on existing brands
Authors: Xu Shang
Published: December 2024

The pet food market has grown significantly amidst the surging pet ownership, driven by diverse consumer demands and demographics. The significance of marketing in this industry lies in attracting new customers, fostering brand loyalty, and adapting to evolving market trends. To achieve this, marketers employ strategies like conducting thorough market research to understand consumer preferences and competitor landscapes. Targeting specific customer segments, such as pet owners and retailers, with tailored messages is crucial. Branding and promotion, involving memorable logos and creative campaigns across digital and traditional channels, help establish a strong brand identity. Diversifying product offerings with innovative formulations and flavors meets diverse pet nutritional needs. Integrating online and offline sales channels ensures widespread reach and convenient shopping experiences. Social media platforms facilitate engagement with customers, offering educational content and leveraging influencer partnerships. Cross-brand collaborations and limited-edition products add novelty and exclusivity. Finally, excellent customer service and post-purchase support foster long-term loyalty. Successful marketing in the pet food industry necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the market, innovative product development, multi-channel outreach, and a focus on customer satisfaction. As the industry continues to expand, staying agile and responsive to evolving consumer needs will be key to maintaining a competitive edge.
Chanel’s Global Brand Marketing Strategy: Insights from 4P and SWOT Analysis
Authors: Kou Shuran
Published: December 2024

With the continuous development of the global economy, the luxury market has become the second largest market in the world, and Chanel, as a globally renowned luxury brand, has a significant representation. The purpose of this paper is to use 4P to deeply study and analyze the marketing strategy of the Chanel brand in the global market, including product design, pricing strategy, layout of places, promotional activities, as well as the development status. In addition, this paper also uses SWOT to analyze the challenges and opportunities faced by the brand in the global market and puts forward corresponding strategic recommendations, such as adding a unique design to some products, exploring and utilizing more environmentally friendly materials, and optimizing online sales. Chanel can try to incorporate them into its future plans, which will not only help to achieve CSR but also attract more consumers and increase its international competitiveness. For other luxury brands, they can refer to Chanel’s strengths and make up for its weaknesses so that the luxury market can develop rapidly and better meet the needs of consumers and the times.
Analysis of the operation strategy for Xiaomi’s online and offline markets
Authors: Lin Jingxin
Published: December 2024

The world’s smartphones are developing rapidly, Apple, Huawei, millet, and other products in various countries are outstanding. In addition to Apple occupying the world market, other mobile phone brands have flagship stores in Asia, Europe, Latin America, and other places. Among them, the Xiaomi brand was founded in 2010, and its operating strategy is constantly being optimized and iterated. Focus on creating new products to continuously meet the needs of target customers and create a unique IOT ecosystem to help attract more loyal users. Actively explore customer needs in marketing and solve problems raised by customers. Millet will collect users’ opinions on mobile phones and other products and make adjustments in a short period, which brings a sense of participation to Millet users and is one of the reasons for their high loyalty. Xiaomi opens online stores, official website flagship stores, and offline product experience stores to meet customers’ experience needs. This paper analyzes the marketing strategy of the Xiaomi brand and puts forward suggestions for the future development of the Xiaomi brand for industry reference.