bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicaciones de la firma electrónica mediante certificados digitales: El Documento Nacional de Identidad Electrónico en el Ecuador
Authors: Cedeño Sarmiento Cristian Fernando , Mendoza Arteaga Alex Gregorio , Mendoza Cedeño Gregorio Isoldo , Macías Arias Enrique Javier
Published: December 2019

En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis de la usabilidad del Documento Nacional de Identidad electrónico en países desarrollados y su futura implementación en el Ecuador, la necesidad de tener un documento de identificación electrónico legal que permita validar la identidad de los ciudadanos al momento de acceder a los servicios electrónicos públicos y privados. Se analizan conceptos referentes a la firma electrónica, las entidades que intervienen en el proceso, los mecanismos de encriptación de un mensaje, hasta culminar con la implementación de dicha firma electrónica. Finalmente, se hace una reflexión sobre la implementación de un nuevo documento de identidad en el Ecuador el cual debería contener las características necesarias acorde a las nuevas tecnologías existentes, los estándares internacionales y sus posibles usos en los servicios informáticos disponibles en el país.

 Palabras clave: Encriptación, tecnologías, servicios informáticos, identificación electrónica

 

Applications of electronic signatures using digital certificates: The National Electronic Identity in Ecuador

  Aplicaciones electrónicas en Ecuador

 

 Abstract

 In the present article itself performs an analysis of the usability of the National Electronic Identity Document in developed countries and its future implementation in Ecuador, the need for a legal electronic identification document to validate the identity of citizens at time by accessing the electronic government and corporate services. Discusses concepts related to electronic signatures, the entities involved in the process, the mechanisms for the encryption a message, culminating with the implementation of electronic signatures. Finally, a reflection on the implementation of a new identity in Ecuador that should contain the necessary characteristics according to the new existing technologies, international standards and their possible uses and computer services available in the country.

Keywords: Encriptación, tecnologías, servicios informáticos, identificación electrónica
Estructura de comunicación telefónica para la Empresa Lácteos Granma de Cuba
Authors: Verdecia Peña Randy
Published: December 2019

El  objetivo  de  este  trabajo  consistió  en  diseñar  una  propuesta  de  comunicación telefónica para la Empresa Lácteos Granma, Cuba. La propuesta de comunicación se basó en la interconexión de pizarras privadas de diferentes proveedores partiendo de la red existente en la provincia, mediante el protocolo de internet. Para esta propuesta se tomó como campo investigativo las entidades Lácteos Bayamo, Lácteos Manzanillo, Alba  y  la  Hacienda.  La  solución  de  comunicación  consta  de  3  nuevas  pizarras telefónicas Mitel Cxi 3300 y una Panasonic KX-TDA 200 existente en la empresa, las mismas  con  las  capacidades  demandadas  por  las  diferentes  entidades  y  con  una estructura  de  interconexión  a  flujo  con  la  red  pública.  Se  concluyó  que  con  esta estructura de comunicación se lograel establecimiento de las llamadas y una mayor eficiencia enel trabajo de dichas entidades.

 Palabras claves: Pizarra telefónica, protocolo de internet, comunicación, interconexión, establecimiento

 

Telephoniccomunicationstructurefor “La Empresa Lácteos Granma, Cuba”

 Abstract

 Thegoal of thisworkconsisted in designing a telephoniccommunicationproyectfor “La Empresa Lácteos Granma, Cuba”. Theproporsal of communication was base don the interconection of privateuser boards,taking as startingpointtheexistingnetwork in the Granma Province, throughthe internet protocol.

Forthisworkitwastaken as researchfieldtheenterprisesuch as: “Lácteos Bayamo, Lácteos

Estructura de comunicación telefónica

Manzanillo,  Alba  y  la  Hacienda”.  Thecommunicationsolutionismade  up  by  3  new telephoneboards  Mitel  Cxi  3300  and  1  Panasonic  KX-TDA  200  being  in  these enterprises,  which  havethedemandedcapacitiesbythedifferentinstitutions,  having  and interconectionwiththepublicnetwork. Itwasconcludedthatbyusingthisinterconectionstrutureitisachievedtheestablisment         of phonecalls and a greaterefficiency in theworkof these ventures.

Keywords:Telephoneboard, internet protocol, communication, interconection, establisment
La TIC s y sus afectaciones en la salud de los adolescentes
Authors: Chilán Intriago Bory Daniel , Suasti Alcívar Kenny Orlando , Moreira Ubillus Jimmy Andrés
Published: December 2019

En la actualidad es muy notorio el abuso que hay en el uso de tecnología de parte de muchos niños a temprana edad, tornándose esta situación en un problema en la mayoría de casos en los cuales los padres son los principales culpables del desenvolvimiento inadecuado de estos elementos, inculcando a muy temprana edad la tecnología para que los niños puedan realizar sus actividades bloqueando el comer en familia, estudiar, reposar, compartir. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar el comportamiento fisiológico e intelectual en los niños y adolescentes producto del excesivo uso de la tecnología. Los métodos aplicados fueron el descriptivo y analítico, se aplicó una encuesta a padres de familia de la ciudad de Portoviejo y entrevista a profesional en la parte de la salud, obteniendo información significativa de los cambios que pueden producir el tener que lidiar con ciertas tecnologías a temprana edad. En la conclusión, se pudo comprender que lo niños que utilizan la tecnología a temprana edad, les produce trastornos depresivos e inestabilidad emocional presentando conflictos a nivel personal, social e inclusive familiar. Es importante destacar que los padres de hoy en día deben darse cuenta, sobre el daño que puede causar al adentrarlos a este mundo tecnológico, no seguir los berrinches de los hijos dándoles tecnología que le va a causar problemas en un fututo.

Palabras Claves: Tecnología, niños, daños intelectuales, trastornos emocionales.

Abstract

At present, the abuse of technology by many children at an early age is very noticeable, making it a problem in most cases where parents are the main culprits in the inadequate development of these elements, instilling technology at an early age so that children can carry out their activities by blocking family eating, studying, resting, sharing. The objective of the research is to analyze the physiological and intellectual behavior in children and adolescents due to the excessive use of technology. The methods applied were the descriptive and analytical, a survey was applied to parents of the city of Portoviejo and interviewed professionals in the health section, obtaining significant information of the changes that can have to deal with certain technologies to early age. In the conclusion, it was possible to understand that children who use technology at an early age, produces depressive disorders and emotional instability presenting conflicts at personal, social and even family level. It is important to emphasize that today's parents must realize, about the damage that can cause to enter into this technological world, not to follow the children's tantrums giving them technology that will cause problems in the future.

Keywords: children, intellectual damage, emotional disorders.
Informatización de los servicios del sector no estatal en función del desarrollo local en Granma, Cuba
Authors: González Espinosa Kenia de los Ángeles , Soler Pellicer Yolanda , Espinosa Ramírez José Ángel
Published: December 2019

El sector de los servicios constituye un factor fundamental de desarrollo y crecimiento de los diferentes países. Dentro de este contexto es importante el auge que han tenido recientemente los servicios del sector no estatal en la sociedad cubana, no solo por los beneficios en materia de empleo, sino en la contribución al crecimiento y proyección de las distintas localidades. Por lo que potenciar la gestión de la información sobre estos servicios para que los distintos públicos estén informados de sus bondades u otras particularidades, constituye una necesidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una valoración sobre el uso de herramientas informáticas para contribuir a trasformar la gestión de información de los servicios del sector no estatal, que posibilite promover y evaluar la calidad de estos servicios, a través de espacios virtuales, en función de impulsar el desarrollo local.

Palabras Clave: Informatización, Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, desarrollo local, sector no estatal
El Proceso De Enseñanza Aprendizaje Del Inglés Para El Estudiante De La Carrera De Comercio Exterior
Authors: Pibaque Ponce Maritza Sandra , Quevedo Arnaiz Ned
Published: December 2019

La disciplina del idioma inglés es parte de las mallas curriculares en el nivel universitario con el objetivo de posibilitar la comunicación en la lengua inglesa con la integración de las cuatro habilidades (expresión oral, audición, lectura y escritura) para que le sea útil en la vida laboral del profesional. Este trabajo se traza como objetivo caracterizar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del    inglés  para  estudiantes  de  la  carrera  de  Comercio  Exterior  para  el  desarrollo  de  la competencia comunicativa en dicho proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje del inglés en la Universidad. Para alcanzar los resultados esperados se han utilizado diferentes métodos para conocer la esencia del fenómeno analizado. Así, entre otros para el desarrollo de la investigación han sido fundamentales los siguientes métodos: Análisis y síntesis, Inductivo-deductivo y el Método  sistémico  funcional.  Los  procesos de  enseñanza  y  aprendizaje  promueven en  cada estudiante la apropiación del conocimiento, pero el proceso en sí influye significativamente en las formas de aprendizaje, y las relaciones que establece el profesional con el entorno del Comercio Exterior.

 Palabras claves: Enseñanza- aprendizaje, competencias, construcción del conocimiento, aprendizaje de lenguas

Prevalence of teenage pregnancy and its psychosocial impact on the general hospital served

Jipijapa, Ecuador

 

Abstract

 The discipline of English is part of the curricula at the university level in order to enable communication in the English language with the integration of the four skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) to make it useful in professional working life. This work is drawn to characterize the process of teaching learning English for students of the career Foreign Trade for the development of communicative competence in the teaching-learning process of English at the University. To achieve the expected results have used different methods to learn the essence of the phenomenon analyzed. Thus, among others for the development of fundamental research have been the following methods: Analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive and systemic

 functional method. The processes of teaching and learning in each student promote the appropriation of knowledge, but the process itself significantly influences the ways of learning, and the professional relationship with the external trade environment.

Keywords: Teaching – learning, competences, knowledge, language learning
Causas y consecuencias en el consumo de drogas: un estudio de casos en estudiantes de bachillerato
Authors: Rosado Maitta , Leonila García María , Cedeño Meza Jorge Guillermo
Published: December 2019

Este artículo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una revisión de los principales factores psicosociales relacionados con el consumo de drogas en la adolescencia. Para la puesta en marcha de esta experiencia se analizaron estudios de casos desarrollados con estudiantes que consumían drogas en el Colegio Nacional Portoviejo, así como entrevistas al personal del Departamento de Consejería Estudiantil. Los resultados del cotejo probaron que   existe una relación significativa entre consumo sistemático de drogas y algunos factores de riesgo presentes en el entor bano familiar y social de los adolescentes. El presente estudio subraya que en relación a una intervención adecuada, debe existir un fortalecimiento en los agentes sociales, familiares, educativos, institucionales, que intervienen en la formación integral  de los jóvenes.

 

Causes and consequences in drug consumption: a study in students 0f

Junior High School

Palabras clave: adolescencia, adicción, drogas, familia, comunicación intrafamiliar.

 

Abstract

 This article aims to provide a review of the main psychosocial factors related to drug use in adolescence. For the implementation of this experience were analyzed case studies developed with students who use drugs at the “Colegio Nacional Portoviejo“, as well as interviews with the staff of the Department of student  counselling.  The  results of  the  comparison  showed  that  there  is a significant relationship between systematic consumption of drugs and some risk factors present in the family and the social environment of adolescents. The present study stresses that in relation to an appropriate intervention, there must be a strengthening of the social partners, family, education, any social institutions, involved in the integral formation of young people.

 Key words: Adolescence, addiction, drugs, family, risk factors.
Optimización en el proceso de selección de personal utilizando Algoritmos Genéticos
Authors: Aveiga Paini Carlos , Guamán Guamán Alex , Cruz Quijije Ana
Published: December 2019

La propuesta se caracteriza por ser innovadora. Se presenta un estudio de Algoritmos Genéticos y metodologías aplicado al proceso de selección de personal, identificando restricciones de las técnicas con relación al problema y la forma en que fueron adaptadas, estableciendo un modelo de optimización para la toma de decisiones en la selección de personal, razón por la cual se desarrolló la aplicación web prototipo Selección de Personal utilizando Algoritmos Genéticos (SSPAG).Para el diseño se aplicó el Modelo Vista Controlador (MVC), utilizando herramientas de programación y modelado Open Source. SSPAG sugiere un candidato óptimo para uno o varios cargos, ya que en el modelo desarrollado también se planteó la asignación de varios candidatos a varios cargos. La propuesta aporta al sector organizacional, aplicando técnicas de optimización que ayuden a mejorar en este campo el desarrollo competitivo y académico.

Palabras clave: Algoritmos Genéticos, aplicación web, optimización, selección de personal, toma de decisiones

Optimization in the process of selection of personnel using Genetic Algorithms

 

Abstract

This proposal is characterized for being innovative. An analysis of Genetic Algorithms and methodologies   applied to the recruitment process is presented in order to identify limitations of the techniques in relation to the problem and how these  were adapted, establishing therefore  an optimal model for wise hiring decision  for recruiting suitable personnel, which accounted for the development of a prototype web application  using Algorithms Genetics (SSPAG).  Therefore, the MODEL VIEW CONTROLLER (MVC) was applied for the design using programming tools and the Open source modelling. SSPAG suggests an ideal candidate for one or more positions as the developed model proposes the placement of various candidates for various positions.  The proposal contributes to the human resource field by applying optimal techniques that help to improve in the research field the competitive development and Academic.

Key words: Genetic Algorithms, web application, optimization, recruiting personal, hiring decision
Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending
Authors: Vlassov Sergei , Mets Magnus , Polyakov Boris , Bian Jianjun , Dorogin Leonid , Zadin Vahur
Published: December 2019

In this study, pentagonal Ag and Au nanowires (NWs) were bent in cantilever beam configuration inside a scanning electron microscope. We demonstrated an unusual, abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition, observed as a sudden change of the NW profile from smooth arc-shaped to angled knee-like during the bending in the narrow range of bending angles. In contrast to the behavior of NWs in the tensile and three-point bending tests, where extensive elastic deformation was followed by brittle fracture, in our case, after the abrupt plastic event, the NW was still far from fracture and enabled further bending without breaking. A possible explanation is that the five-fold twinned structure prevents propagation of critical defects, leading to dislocation pile up that may lead to sudden stress release, which is observed as an abrupt plastic event. Moreover, we found that if the NWs are coated with alumina, the abrupt plastic event is not observed and the NWs can withstand severe deformation in the elastic regime without fracture. The coating may possibly prevent formation of dislocations. Mechanical durability under high and inhomogeneous strain fields is an important aspect of exploiting Ag and Au NWs in applications like waveguiding or conductive networks in flexible polymer composite materials.
The Vanishing and Appearing Sources during a Century of Observations Project. I. USNO Objects Missing in Modern Sky Surveys and Follow-up Observations of a “Missing Star”
Authors: Villarroel Beatriz , Soodla Johan , Comerón Sébastien , Mattsson Lars , Pelckmans Kristiaan , López-Corredoira Martín , Krisciunas Kevin , Guerras Eduardo , Kochukhov Oleg , Bergstedt Josefine , Buelens Bart , Bär Rudolf E. , Cubo Rubén , Enriquez J. Emilio , Gupta Alok C. , Imaz Iñigo , Karlsson Torgny , Prieto M. Almudena , Shlyapnikov Aleksey A. , de Souza Rafael S. , Vavilova Irina B. , Ward Martin J.
Published: December 2019

In this paper we report the current status of a new research program. The primary goal of the “Vanishing and Appearing Sources during a Century of Observations” project is to search for vanishing and appearing sources using existing survey data to find examples of exceptional astrophysical transients. The implications of finding such objects extend from traditional astrophysics fields to the more exotic searches for evidence of technologically advanced civilizations. In this first paper we present new, deeper observations of the tentative candidate discovered by Villarroel et al. in 2016. We then perform the first searches for vanishing objects throughout the sky by comparing 600 million objects from the US Naval Observatory Catalogue (USNO) B1.0 down to a limiting magnitude of ∼20–21 with the recent Pan-STARRS Data Release-1 (DR1) with a limiting magnitude of ∼23.4. We find about 150,000 preliminary candidates that do not have any Pan-STARRS counterpart within a 30″ radius. We show that these objects are redder and have larger proper motions than typical USNO objects. We visually examine the images for a subset of about 24,000 candidates, superseding the 2016 study with a sample 10 times larger. We find about 100 point sources visible in only one epoch in the red band of the USNO, which may be of interest in searches for strong M-dwarf flares, high-redshift supernovae, or other categories of unidentified red transients.
Stellar Chromospheric Activity and Age Relation from Open Clusters in the LAMOST Survey
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Zhao Jingkun , Oswalt Terry D. , Fang Xiangsong , Zhao Gang , Liang Xilong , Ye Xianhao , Zhong Jing
Published: December 2019

We identify member stars of more than 90 open clusters in the LAMOST survey. With the method of Fang et al., the chromospheric activity (CA) indices,

for 1091 member stars in 82 open clusters and

for 1118 member stars in 83 open clusters, are calculated. The relations between the average

,

in each open cluster and its age are investigated in different T
eff and [Fe/H] ranges. We find that CA starts to decrease slowly from log t = 6.70 to log t = 8.50, and then decreases rapidly until log t = 9.53. The trend becomes clearer for cooler stars. The quadratic functions between log R′ and log t with 4000 K  < T
eff < 5500 K are constructed, which can be used to roughly estimate ages of field stars with accuracy about 40% for

and 60% for

.
Nature and Origins of Rich Complexes of C iv Associated Absorption Lines
Authors: Chen Chen , Hamann Fred , Simon Leah , Ma Bo
Published: December 2019

Rich complexes of associated absorption lines (AALs) in quasar spectra provide unique information about gaseous infall, outflows, and feedback processes in quasar environments. We study five quasars at redshifts z ~ 3.1–4.4 with AAL complexes containing from 7 to 18 C iv λ1548, 1551 systems in high-resolution spectra. These complexes span velocity ranges ≲3600 km s−1 within ≲8200 km s−1 of the quasar redshifts. All are highly ionized with no measurable low-ionization ions like Si ii or C ii, and all appear to form in the quasar/host galaxy environments based on evidence for line locking, partial covering of the background light source, strong N v absorption, and/or roughly solar metallicities, and on the implausibility of such complexes forming in unrelated intervening galaxies. Most of the lines in all five complexes identify high-speed quasar-driven outflows at velocity shifts

v
≲
−
1000

km s−1. Four of the complexes also have lines at smaller blueshifted velocities that might form in ambient interstellar clouds, low-speed outflows, or at feedback interfaces in the host galaxies where high-speed winds impact and shred interstellar clouds. The partial covering we measure in some of the high-speed outflow lines require small absorbing clouds with characteristic sizes ≲1 pc or ≲0.01 pc. The short survival times of these clouds require locations very close to the quasars, or cloud creation in situ at larger distances perhaps via feedback/cloud-shredding processes. The AAL complex in one quasar, J1008+3623, includes unusually narrow C iv systems at redshifted velocities

350
≲
v
≲
640

km s−1 that are excellent candidates for gaseous infall toward the quasar, e.g., “cold-mode” accretion or a gravitationally bound galactic fountain.
Lithium-rich Giants in LAMOST Survey. I. The Catalog
Authors: Gao Qi , Shi Jian-Rong , Yan Hong-Liang , Yan Tai-Sheng , Xiang Mao-Sheng , Zhou Yu-Tao , Li Chun-Qian , Zhao Gang
Published: December 2019

Standard stellar evolution model predicts a severe depletion of lithium (Li) abundance during the first dredge up process (FDU). Yet a small fraction of giant stars are still found to preserve a considerable amount of Li in their atmospheres after the FDU. Those giants are usually identified as Li-rich by a widely used criterion, A(Li) > 1.5 dex. A large number of works dedicated to searching for and investigating this minority of the giant family, and the amount of Li-rich giants, has been largely expanded on, especially in the era of big data. In this paper, we present a catalog of Li-rich giants found from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey with Li abundances derived from a template-matching method developed for LAMOST low-resolution spectra. The catalog contains 10,535 Li-rich giants with Li abundances from ∼1.5 to ∼4.9 dex. We also confirm that the ratio of Li-rich phenomenon among giant stars is about 1%—or more specifically, 1.29%—from our statistically important sample. This is the largest Li-rich giant sample ever reported to date, which significantly exceeds amount of all reported Li-rich giants combined. The catalog will help the community to better understand the Li-rich phenomenon in giant stars.
A Catalog of Newly Identified Star Clusters in Gaia DR2
Authors: Liu Lei , Pang Xiaoying
Published: December 2019

We present the Star cluster Hunting Pipeline (SHiP) that can identify star clusters in Gaia second data release (DR2) data and establish a star cluster catalog for the Galactic disk. A friend-of-friend-based cluster finder method is used to identify star clusters using five-dimensional stellar parameters,

, and μ

δ
. Our new catalog contains 2443 star cluster candidates identified from disk stars located within

and with G < 18 mag. An automatic isochrone fitting scheme is applied to all cluster candidates. With a combination of parameters obtained from isochrone fitting, we classify cluster candidates into three classes (Class 1, 2, and 3). Class 1 clusters are the most probable star cluster candidates with the most stringent criteria. Most of these clusters are nearby (within 4 kpc). Our catalog is crossmatched with three Galactic star cluster catalogs, Kharchenko et al., Gaudin et al., and Bica et al. The proper motion and parallax of matched star clusters are in good agreement with these earlier catalogs. We discover 76 new star cluster candidates that are not listed in these three catalogs. The majority of these are clusters older than log(age/yr) = 8.0 and are located in the inner disk with

. The recent discovery of new star clusters suggests that current Galactic star cluster catalogs are still incomplete. Among the Class 1 cluster candidates, we find 56 candidates for star cluster groups. The pipeline, the catalog, and the member list containing all candidates star clusters and star cluster groups have been made publicly available.
Abundance Estimates for 16 Elements in 6 Million Stars from LAMOST DR5 Low-Resolution Spectra
Authors: Xiang Maosheng , Ting Yuan-Sen , Rix Hans-Walter , Sandford Nathan , Buder Sven , Lind Karin , Liu Xiao-Wei , Shi Jian-Rong , Zhang Hua-Wei
Published: December 2019

We present the determination of stellar parameters and individual elemental abundances for 6 million stars from ∼8 million low-resolution (R ∼ 1800) spectra from LAMOST DR5. This is based on a modeling approach that we dub the data-driven Payne (DD-Payne), which inherits essential ingredients from both the Payne and the Cannon. It is a data-driven model that incorporates constraints from theoretical spectral models to ensure the derived abundance estimates are physically sensible. Stars in LAMOST DR5 that are in common with either GALAH DR2 or APOGEE DR14 are used to train a model that delivers stellar parameters (T
eff, log g, V
mic) and abundances for 16 elements (C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Ba) over a metallicity range of −4 dex < [Fe/H] < 0.6 dex when applied to the LAMOST spectra. Cross-validation and repeat observations suggest that, for S/Npixel ≥ 50, the typical internal abundance precision is 0.03–0.1 dex for the majority of these elements, with 0.2–0.3 dex for Cu and Ba, and the internal precision of T
eff and log g is better than 30 K and 0.07 dex, respectively. Abundance systematics at the ∼0.1 dex level are present in these estimates but are inherited from the high-resolution surveys’ training labels. For some elements, GALAH provides more robust training labels, for others, APOGEE. We provide flags to guide the quality of the label determination and identify binary/multiple stars in LAMOST DR5. An electronic version of the abundance catalog is made publicly available.12
A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Millisecond Pulsar Parameter Estimation
Authors: Riley T. E. , Watts A. L. , Bogdanov S. , Ray P. S. , Ludlam R. M. , Guillot S. , Arzoumanian Z. , Baker C. L. , Bilous A. V. , Chakrabarty D. , Gendreau K. C. , Harding A. K. , Ho W. C. G. , Lattimer J. M. , Morsink S. M. , Strohmayer T. E.
Published: December 2019

We report on Bayesian parameter estimation of the mass and equatorial radius of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0030+0451, conditional on pulse-profile modeling of Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer X-ray spectral-timing event data. We perform relativistic ray-tracing of thermal emission from hot regions of the pulsar’s surface. We assume two distinct hot regions based on two clear pulsed components in the phase-folded pulse-profile data; we explore a number of forms (morphologies and topologies) for each hot region, inferring their parameters in addition to the stellar mass and radius. For the family of models considered, the evidence (prior predictive probability of the data) strongly favors a model that permits both hot regions to be located in the same rotational hemisphere. Models wherein both hot regions are assumed to be simply connected circular single-temperature spots, in particular those where the spots are assumed to be reflection-symmetric with respect to the stellar origin, are strongly disfavored. For the inferred configuration, one hot region subtends an angular extent of only a few degrees (in spherical coordinates with origin at the stellar center) and we are insensitive to other structural details; the second hot region is far more azimuthally extended in the form of a narrow arc, thus requiring a larger number of parameters to describe. The inferred mass M and equatorial radius R
eq are, respectively,

1.34

−
0.16

+
0.15

M

⊙

and

12.71

−
1.19

+
1.14

km

, while the compactness

GM

/

R

eq

c

2

=

0.156

−
0.010

+
0.008

is more tightly constrained; the credible interval bounds reported here are approximately the 16% and 84% quantiles in marginal posterior mass.
A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Evidence for a Global-scale Multipolar Magnetic Field
Authors: Bilous A. V. , Watts A. L. , Harding A. K. , Riley T. E. , Arzoumanian Z. , Bogdanov S. , Gendreau K. C. , Ray P. S. , Guillot S. , Ho W. C. G. , Chakrabarty D.
Published: December 2019

Recent modeling of Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer observations of thermal X-ray pulsations from the surface of the isolated millisecond pulsar PSR J0030+0451 suggests that the hot emitting regions on the pulsar’s surface are far from antipodal, which is at odds with the classical assumption that the magnetic field in the pulsar magnetosphere is predominantly that of a centered dipole. Here, we review these results and examine previous attempts to constrain the magnetospheric configuration of PSR J0030+0451. To the best of our knowledge, there is in fact no direct observational evidence that PSR J0030+0451’s magnetic field is a centered dipole. Developing models of physically motivated, non-canonical magnetic field configurations and the currents that they can support poses a challenging task. However, such models may have profound implications for many aspects of pulsar research, including pulsar braking, estimates of birth velocities, and interpretations of multi-wavelength magnetospheric emission.
Resolving species boundaries in the Atlanta brunnea species group (Gastropoda, Pterotracheoidea)
Authors: Wall-Palmer Deborah , Hegmann Mona , Goetze Erica , Peijnenburg Katja T. C. A.
Published: December 2019

Atlantid heteropods are a family of holoplanktonic marine gastropods that occur primarily in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Atlantids bear a delicate aragonitic shell (<14 mm) and live in the upper ocean, where ocean acidification and ocean warming have a pronounced effect. Therefore, atlantids are likely to be sensitive to these ocean changes. However, we lack sufficiently detailed information on atlantid taxonomy and biogeography, which is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the consequences of a changing ocean. To date, atlantid taxonomy has mainly relied on morphometrics and shell ornamentation, but recent molecular work has highlighted hidden diversity. This study uses an integrated approach in a global analysis of biogeography, variation in shell morphology and molecular phylogenies based on three genes (CO1, 28S and 18S) to resolve the species boundaries within theAtlanta brunneagroup. Results identify a new species,Atlanta vanderspoeli, from the Equatorial and South Pacific Ocean, and suggest that individuals ofA. brunnealiving in the Atlantic Ocean are an incipient species. Our results provide an important advance in atlantid taxonomy and will enable identification of these species in future studies of living and fossil plankton.
DNA barcoding reveals a species group of the genus Campiglossa (Diptera, Tephritidae, Tephritinae) with recognition of a new species from East Asia and previously unknown females of Campiglossa coei (Hardy)
Authors: Han Ho-Yeon , Ro Kyung-Eui
Published: December 2019

While analyzing DNA barcodes of all the Korean and some East Asian tephritid species in conjunction with the barcode sequences available from BOLD Systems (www.boldsystems.org), the large and taxonomically enigmatic genusCampiglossawas recovered as a monophyletic clade, together with the generaDioxynaandHomoeotricha, which are here synonymized for that reason. Ten major lineages are also recognized within theCampiglossaclade:productagroup,loewianagroup,sororculagroup,irroratagroup,achyrophorigroup,difficilisgroup,luxorientisgroup,magnicepsgroup,arisanicagroup, andmisellagroup. Here, more detailed taxonomic accounts are provided for themisellagroup, including four DNA analysis-recovered members:C. coei,C. misella,C. paramelaenasp. nov., andC. melaena. A single morphological synapomorphy is proposed for this species group: the presence of a large mid-anterior dark wing marking in males with associated structural modification (more apically positioned crossvein R-M than in females). Based on the morphological characteristics, two presumptive members that are only known from male specimens are further recognized:C. pishanicaandC. propriafrom China. A full description ofC. paramelaenasp. nov., and a redescription ofC. coei, for which only males were previously known, are provided. For all the included species, a taxonomic key, diagnoses, and photographs to aid their accurate identification are given. Finally,C. favillaceais synonymized withC. coeiandC. roscidawithC. misella, andC. coeiandC. pishanicaresurrected from the synonymy ofC. misella.
Les territoires des mort.e.s
Authors: Vella Graziella
Published: December 2019

Ce texte s’appuie sur une généalogie des cimetières initiée au sein de l’atelier « Terrains d’architecture », d’octobre 2016 à juin 2018, afin de venir en appui à une recherche portant sur les modalités de circulation et de présence des « morts en migration » en Belgique. Il vise à mettre les outils de l’architecture à l’épreuve d’un terrain qui entend problématiser la question des territoires des mort.e.s. Pour ce faire, il pose quelques bases afin d’appréhender les formes de territorialité des mort.e.s relatives aux pratiques funéraires en usage en Belgique et la manière dont elles s’articulent. Il questionne le caractère « ouvert » des cimetières à partir de la négociation de parcelles confessionnelles et plus spécifiquement du cimetière multiconfessionnel de Bruxelles. Plutôt que d’explorer d’autres manières d’avoir recours aux outils de l’architecture, l’article propose une critique des notions de neutralité , ou d’ intérêt général , qui sont de redoutables outils de nivellement et de lissage des territoires.
La Baraque, un paysage habité
Authors: Geerts Gaspard
Published: December 2019

Depuis plus de quarante ans, les habitants du quartier de la Baraque négocient avec les autorités de la ville de Louvain-la-Neuve pour défendre des modes d’habitat alternatif. Les outils de l’architecte et de l’urbaniste ont occupé et occupent toujours un rôle central dans ces négociations. Les habitants du quartier ont ainsi développé une grande familiarité avec les réglementations urbanistiques en vigueur, mais aussi une défiance vis-à-vis de celles-ci. Face aux tentatives successives de « régularisation » du quartier par les autorités, les habitants tentent de conserver une certaine autonomie quant aux manières de vivre et d’aménager ce territoire. Ce texte retrace la présentation collective lors du colloque, un moment singulier où se sont croisés différents points de vue sur l’histoire et le devenir du quartier de la Baraque. Au départ d’une sélection de documents et de représentations du quartier (anciennes cartes, plans d’urbanisme, photographies, dessins, plans réalisés par les habitants, relevé de la végétation, etc.), les différents intervenants invités ont commenté, exploré et raconté ce dont ces documents sont les traces et les questions qu’ils soulèvent. Cette présentation a, entre autres, été l’occasion de faire le lien entre la Baraque et d’autres situations aspirant à des modes différents d’habiter. À l’heure où l’habitat alternatif ou « l’habitat léger » attire de plus en plus de gens et a récemment obtenu une reconnaissance juridique, il reste encore de nombreux freins empêchant son développement. Ce texte esquisse des pistes de mobilisation des outils de l’architecture qui parviennent à tenir et à rendre compte des spécificités et des caractéristiques du « paysage habité » que constitue le quartier de la Baraque.
Rule-Based Systems for Decision Support and Decision-Making in Dutch Legal Practice. A Brief Overview of Applications and Implications
Authors: Timmer Ivar , Rietveld Rachel
Published: December 2019

Les systèmes d’aide à la prise de décision jouent un rôle important dans la pratique juridique aux Pays-Bas. Divers organismes gouvernementaux utilisent de tels systèmes automatisés pour la prise de décisions juridiques (de masse). Les départements juridiques, les cabinets d’avocats, les éditeurs juridiques et d’autres organismes ont de plus en plus recours à ces outils pour appuyer et améliorer les services d’aide juridique aux particuliers et aux entreprises. Ces outils permettent d’améliorer l’efficacité des processus et des services juridiques, mais ils peuvent aussi avoir d’importants effets préjudiciables sur les droits des personnes ou sur la qualité juridique des services produits, en particulier lorsqu’il n’existe pas de processus de conception minutieux et transparent. Cet article donne un aperçu de l’utilisation de ces systèmes dans la pratique juridique néerlandaise, discute de leurs avantages, pièges et défis, puis il identifie certaines questions de recherche pour le futur.
L’entreprise publique : un statut fragilisé ou protecteur ? Missions de service public et rapport à l’État de l’entreprise La Poste
Authors: Vezinat Nadège
Published: December 2019

Les entreprises publiques entretiennent un rapport singulier à l’État que cet article examine à partir du cas postal. Ancienne administration d’État, l’exemple de La Poste permet d’analyser le passage d’un pilotage direct par l’État à la création d’une personnalité morale autonome. Cette transition questionne la régulation et la mise en place d’une contractualisation avec les pouvoirs publics. L’étude de cette dernière fait apparaître la juxtaposition des rôles dévolus à l’État à la fois acteur (propriétaire de l’entreprise publique) et régulateur (signataire du contrat de plan). Dans le cadre d’une baisse massive de l’activité courrier, le constat d’une contradiction entre des missions de service public, à remplir mais déficitaires, et des objectifs de rentabilité à atteindre interroge sur l’« autonomie contraignante » qui relie La Poste à l’État.
Rationalisation des pratiques professionnelles en maisons de santé pluriprofessionnelles
Authors: Moyal Anne
Published: December 2019

Cet article s'intéresse à un nouvel instrument d'action publique qui vise à rationaliser les pratiques des professionnels de santé libéraux dans le secteur des soins primaires en France, les maisons de santé pluriprofessionnelles (MSP), et a pour objectif d'analyser ses effets sur l'exercice libéral et l'autonomie professionnelle. À travers une étude qualitative dans six MSP, nous montrons que les professionnels libéraux s'approprient cet instrument de rationalisation et, ce faisant, parviennent à maintenir leurs pratiques existantes, voire à en développer de nouvelles que les autorités publiques n'ont pas anticipées. Ce processus conduit à un renforcement de la relation d'interdépendance entre professionnels libéraux et autorités publiques : d'un côté, les autorités publiques acceptent l'appropriation des professionnels libéraux car elles dépendent de leur adhésion pour assurer le développement des MSP ; de l'autre, les professionnels libéraux consentent à rendre des comptes aux autorités publiques car ils ont besoin de leur reconnaissance pour assurer la pérennité de leurs pratiques. De cette interdépendance renforcée naît ce que nous appelons un nouveau statut libéral sous contraintes.
Droit pénal
Authors: Perrier Jean-Baptiste , Rousseau François
Published: December 2019

L'actualité législative en matière pénale de ces derniers mois est tout à fait remarquable, le législateur utilisant l'outil normatif pour réagir à l'apparition de nouveaux phénomènes ou à leur évolution ; immédiatement, l'on regrette que ces réactions législatives occultent la réflexion relative aux outils existants. Quelques textes permettent d'illustrer cette tendance, en particulier la loi dite « anticasseurs » du 10 avril 2019 ( II ), la loi pour une immigration maîtrisée du 10 septembre 2018 ( III ), ou encore la loi du 3 août 2018 renforçant la lutte contre les rodéos motorisés ( IV ). L'actualité législative a surtout été marquée par l'adoption de la loi de programmation 2018-2022 et de réforme pour la justice, qui vient modifier la justice civile, la justice pénale et le droit de la peine, pour procéder à une reconstruction de ce dernier 1 , laquelle semble n'être qu'apparente ( I ).
L'insaisissable notion de surveillance en droit pénal
Authors: Collet Philippe
Published: December 2019

Omniprésente en droit pénal substantiel et formel, la surveillance apparaît comme une notion fuyante. Conforme à la réalité juridique, celle-ci ne fait l'objet d'aucune définition légale ou jurisprudentielle et les travaux de la doctrine sont exclusivement consacrés soit aux surveillances du droit pénal, soit à celles de la procédure pénale. Ainsi, cette notion n'est jamais étudiée dans sa globalité. Une telle lacune s'explique par la nature duale de la surveillance, à laquelle correspond une double fonction. L'unité de la notion reste aussi introuvable en raison de l'absence d'un ou de plusieurs critères idoines. Surveillance, which is omnipresent in substantive and formal criminal law, appears to be an elusive concept. In accordance with legal reality, there is n˚ legal or jurisprudential definition of the latter and the work of the doctrine is exclusively devoted to either criminal law or criminal procedure supervision. Thus, this notion is never studied in its entirety. This is due to the dual nature of surveillance, which has a dual function. The unity of the concept also remains impossible to find due to the absence of one or more suitable criteria
À quoi sert la séparation des pouvoirs ? Le point de vue de la théorie du droit
Authors: Troper Michel
Published: December 2019

Le principe de la séparation des pouvoirs est au fondement de toutes les constitutions libérales, écrites ou non écrites. C’est notamment le cas de la constitution française, puisqu’il fait l’objet de l’article 16 de la Déclaration des droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen, repris notamment dans le préambule de la constitution de 1958. Cependant, l’usage qu’on en fait, c’est-à-dire la signification qu’on lui donne, ne peut pas résulter d’une simple analyse des termes de l’article 16 ou de l’intention des constituants de 1789. On est donc tenté de suppléer à l’interprétation de textes spécifiques en recourant à la théorie générale de l’État, mais comme celle-ci ne s’avère guère plus fructueuse, on doit constater que la formule de l’article 16 n’a que le sens que lui donne le juge pour justifier certains types de décisions. Ce n’est donc pas le principe de la séparation des pouvoirs qui informe les décisions du juge, mais les décisions du juge qui donnent un contenu et une signification à la séparation des pouvoirs.
La séparation des pouvoirs et la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme sur le droit à un procès équitable
Authors: Milano Laure
Published: December 2019

L’analyse de la jurisprudence européenne relative au droit à un procès équitable sous l’angle de la séparation des pouvoirs permet de distinguer deux fonctions assignées à ce principe. Une fonction principale de défense de l’indépendance du pouvoir judiciaire à l’égard du pouvoir exécutif. Cette fonction est consubstantielle à la conception que retient la Cour de la prééminence du droit dans une société démocratique et la séparation des pouvoirs judiciaire et exécutif est entendue de manière stricte. Au contraire, la séparation des pouvoirs judiciaire et législatif est entendue de manière plus souple, le principe visant alors à réguler les relations entre ces pouvoirs.
Economics and environment: An impossible reconciliation?
Authors: Díaz de Junguitu Alberto , Heras Saizarbitoria Iñaki , Boiral Olivier
Published: December 2019

It should be noted that the relationship between economics and the environment has never previously featured as one of mankind’s primary or principal concerns. It presently does. The recent worldwide student mobilization for climate action, the Climate Change Congress in Paris (December 2015) or the dieselgate related to the scandals involving companies in the automobile sector not complying with regulatory environmental norms (which started also in 2015), among many other issues, provide evidence that this relationship is presently of central concern to questions regarding the future of mankind.
Nevertheless, we should remind ourselves of the fact that, despite being a recurrent theme in the media, the environment continued to be a treated by economists as a subsidiary issue until, in relatively recent times, the effects of the global environmental crisis grew to proportions that meant it became of serious concern to the future of mankind.
The aim of this paper is to trace the historical relationship between the environment and economics. In fact, the focus is more modest: we aim to illustrate the principal traces of the presence of the environment in economic science in an attempt to exhibit a path which might lead to the reconciliation of the one (the environment) with the other (economics).
Renewing Strategic Planning and Management
Authors: Sagasti Francisco
Published: December 2019

This paper reviews briefly the rise of modern management sciences and of the idea of development in the post-World War II period, shares some thoughts on the nature of strategic planning and management that emerged in subsequent years, examines a few of the challenges of the twenty-first century, and ends with some reflections with a suggestion on how to approach the renewal of strategic planning and management. It proposes a paradoxical approach to confront the challenges that organizations in all types of countries will face in the coming decades, highlighting that developing regions have had to cope with the instabilities and difficulties that rich countries are now also facing. It concludes that joint efforts to review the management science experience of developing countries may provide new insights and ways of dealing with future wicked problems and complex conditions, and with a plea for management schools to prepare professionals who are at ease with inconsistencies, contradictions and paradoxes.
Market structure and “frequency economics” in air transport in the United States
Authors: Coto Millán Pablo , Gundelfinger Javier
Published: December 2019

This article provides an original theoretical model for air transport companies in the U.S. air travel market. The theoretical model of competition among airlines is empirically tested by estimating two equations of demand and price fixing. This estimate is made for 239 routes and 23 airports.
This research provides estimates of the elasticity of demand in terms of price and income. It also provides the elasticities of demand in relation to the frequencies and elasticities of price fixing with regard to the frequencies that would allow us to introduce the new concept of “frequency economies” for the airlines.
Finally, the article presents results that might be useful to the airlines and public authorities, since it also analyzes the effect of the existence or absence of competitive transportation alternatives to air transport, as well as the influence of the hub airports and the population variable. Knowing the results offered here will undoubtedly prove useful to the actors involved in this industry, in terms of how distance, occupancy and the number of frequencies on each route influence costs.