bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marketing strategy of wood production in Palopo
Authors: Gautama I , Vika Faradiba Muin A
Published: November 2021

In natural forest management, efforts are made to increase the types of products so that natural forests can provide all types of results they contain for the welfare of the community. The needs of the timber industry and in accordance with the needs of the surrounding community to increase the production of wood from forests, both from natural forests and plantation forests, are adjusted to the ability of the forest to produce sustainably. The research aims to formulate what can be done to increase sales of wood production in finished form at UD. X based on market conditions. The condition of the company, the physical condition of the area, capital, market, facilities, and infrastructure and are expected to be information material for UD. X in preventing the problems faced, especially regarding the marketing of wood for the future. The data obtained will be analyzed by tabulation and percentage accompanied by descriptive analysis. The data analyzed by tabulation are the number of supporting industries and economic institutions, while those analyzed by tabulation and percentage are the origin of the workforce, the status of the workforce, and the education level of the workforce. Furthermore, for the preparation of a strategic plan, the data will be entered into a SWOT worksheet. SWOT analysis shows several conditions such as SO: Utilizing the location of X UD, which is quite strategic, and the availability of manpower where the placement is in accordance with the level of education that can support increasing sales, other regions can help with the provision of raw materials, institutions economy which also helps in borrowing capital, the demand for frames is quite high, the existence of IHPK, the existence of transportation and other supporting facilities and infrastructure, as well as the opening of local and foreign marketing opportunities. ST: Taking advantage of the strategic location of UD X and the availability of manpower where the placement is in accordance with the level of education will be able to prevent increasingly fierce competition among trading businesses and with higher products. WO: Efforts to improve the location were not through the promotion of the lack of capital conditions, economic institutions that help in providing capital, raw material providers, opening up local and foreign marketing, availability of IHPK, high demand for frames, and availability of transportation facilities and infrastructure that support activities. To increase the trading business of UD X, an organizational structure should be formed so that all activities are not only regulated by the leader. It is better to do promotions either through print or electronic media because promotion is a tool that can increase sales results and volume.
Density and habitat characterization of Aedes sp. breeding places in dengue Endemic Area in Bandar Lampung
Authors: Nurjanah S , Atmowidi T , Hadi U K , Solihin D D , Priawandiputra W
Published: November 2021

Aedes sp. are vectors of the dengue virus that causes Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The purposed of this study to analyze habitat characteristics of Aedes sp. based on the entomological index and measure the density and species of larvae Aedes sp. The research was analytic observational with a cross-sectional study was conducted 3 subdistricts of endemic in Bandar Lampung. The results showed that from 3 locations, namely Sukarame, Kemiling and Tanjung Seneng, the House Index (HI) values were 41, 38, 31, respectively. The Container Index (CI) values were 14, 12, 10 respectively and the Breteau index (BI) values were 105, 77, 60 respectively. The result of density figure (DF) were 5-6 which means the density of Aedes sp. were moderate to high. The result of identification of larvae were 3 species of mosquito were Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus. The dominant spesies of larvae were found are Ae. aegypti. The characteristics of larvae habitat as a risk factor for increasing the density of mosquito in Bandar Lampung are buckets or container made of plastic or cement and dispenser, light colour, direct light exposure, 1-20 liters water volume, no cover container, no drainage, and no fish rearing.
Problems identification of Arabica coffee commodities on traditional farming in Indonesia: A review
Authors: Rico  , Darma R , Salman D , Mahyuddin
Published: November 2021

Arabica coffee is one of the plantation commodities that has an important role in Indonesia’s economic activities. Arabica coffee as one of the leading export commodities that contributes to the country’s foreign exchange. However, in reality the rate of growth in the value and volume of imports is greater than the growth of exports. This study aims to identify the problems of traditional Arabica coffee farmers in Indonesia. The results of a journal review show that some of the problems of smallholder farmers in Indonesia are low productivity, low farmer skills and knowledge, inadequate land use and climate, inadequate transportation facilities and infrastructure, coffee farming capital, market uncertainty and unstable selling prices, so that a strategy is needed to reduce and overcome these problems in order to improve the welfare of coffee farmers. The active role of the government is expected to be able to issue consistent policies to increase the competitiveness of Arabica coffee.
Economic valuation of area management Latuppa Nature Tourism Palopo City
Authors: Asniana  , Supratman  , Achmad Amran
Published: November 2021

The Latuppa Nature Tourism Area of Palopo City is an area designated as a tourist destination for the community, both local and from outside the Palopo City area. Various tourist objects are available in this area, both naturally formed such as the Latuppa River flow with several tourist spots, as well as natural panoramas in the form of forests and other landscapes, which are spread in 3 villages, namely Latuppa Village, Murante Village and Kambo Village, Mungkajang District, Kota Palopo. The existence of this area provides added value to the regional income of Palopo City. However, this added value has not been measured quantitatively so that research efforts are needed on the economic assessment of this natural tourist area. The methodology used in this research is quantitative descriptive by observing every tourist spot in the Latuppa natural tourism area, including the Water Boom Hotel Agrowisata, Kambo Highland Inn, Babak Waterfall, and the Natural Baths of the Jodoh River. The factors that influence the number of visits to the Latuppa Nature Tourism location are travel costs, and socio-economic factors of the community. The calculation of the economic value for the natural tourism area uses the Travel Cost Method (TCM), from the analysis results obtained the Economic Value of the Latuppa Nature Tourism Area is Rp. 311,574,900. It is hoped that the results of this study can be a reference for the local government of Palopo City in the context of developing and preserving the Latuppa nature tourism area.
Localism in perceiving the problem of adat people in forest area: A critical thinking
Authors: Wibowo Agung
Published: November 2021

Law as a branch of science does not escape development. This is in line with developments in other branches of science, especially social science. Developments in legal science include many things such as themes, writing, methods, to methodologies. One of the developments of legal science that has attracted quite a lot of interest from legal philosophy thinkers is the development of historical methodologies. There have been many debates by legal experts regarding historical methodology. In this paper, we will present the development of the legal-historical methodology, we can find three major schools of historical-legal methodology, namely narratives, structuralism, and structures. The legal-historical approach can be functioned through the historical method through several approaches to legal research objects. Thus, this approach tries to restore the role of humans or actors (human agency) in legal changes that will determine the path of human life in the future. Legal pluralism through historical studies before making local legal products will be an illustration of how interesting the role of humans as a legal-historical study is.
An assessment of tree biodiversity and carbon stocks in mangrove forests, Langsa City, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Maimunah Siti , Hanafi Ilham , Subhan  , Anhar Ashabul , Samek Jay H.
Published: November 2021

Mangrove forests are a unique coastal ecosystem with trees adapted to a constantly fluctuating and sometimes extreme physical environment. Mangrove forests provide important ecosystem services that benefit local people and all of us in terms of climate regulation through the storage of greenhouse gasses in biomass. This research reports carbon stock, wood volume, tree density, and biodiversity indices for two mangrove forest areas in Langsa City Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The two sites represent and inland area and an ocean-exposed area within a large mangrove forest ecosystem complex. The results of the analysis show that these two tracts are quite similar in terms of carbon stock and biodiversity even though they occupy different locations within the larger tract of mangrove habitat. The study confirms these are healthy forest areas with relatively high carbon stocks.
Analysis of the landslide susceptibility map using frequency ratio method in sub-sub-Watershed Mamasa
Authors: Amaliah Rizki , Soma Andang Suryana , Mappangaja Baharruddin , Mambela Friska
Published: November 2021

Landslides that often occur in the Subs watershed of Mamasa increase the sedimentation rate so that the Bakaru hydropower plant becomes less than optimal. The contributing factors to lanslide susceptibility are land closure, lithology, curve, slope direction aspect, slope, precipitation, fault distance, and river distance. The research aims to determine the most influential erosion causative factor in Mamasa Sub-watershed by building a landslide susceptibility map using the frequency ratio method. The most significant factor is land closure, with a value of 2.03, indicating a high probability of lanslide events. The model’s success rate and prediction rate’s success rate were expressed fairly well with 0.754 and 0.752. Based on the insanity map, the Region is very high and high at 23.74% and 12.52%; insanity is moderate, low, and very low consecutively at 27.44 %, 23.77, and 12.33%.
Green open space analysis in West Binjai, North Sumatra
Authors: Zaitunah A , Samsuri  , Rojula  , Susilowati A. , Elfiati D. , Syahputra O. K. H. , Arinah H. , Rangkuti A.B. , Rambey R. , Harahap M. M. , Ulfa M. , Iswanto A. H. , Sucipto T. , Hakim L. , Azhar I. , Manurung H.
Published: November 2021

West Binjai is a sub-district located in Binjai City, North Sumatra. Green Open Space is also part of the Binjai city’s planning scheme which has many benefits for the community and the environment. This research used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis and NDVI value classification results in the distribution of vegetation density. Analysis of changes in vegetation density was carried out between 2015 and 2020 in West Binjai. The largest change in the area of vegetation density classes in the West Binjai between 2015 and 2020 was the increase in the area of the high dense class to 19.13%. The sub-district has green open spaces in the form of sub-district parks, public cemeteries, road green lane, river bank and private green open spaces. These green open spaces were in the low dense, medium, dense and high dense classes. There is a need for rearrangement of green open spaces, especially those within low dense class. Replanting trees are also essential to increase the quality of the green area. Improving the quality of green space will lead to the enhancement of quality of environment.
Growth and production of sweet corn (Zea mays saccarata sturt L) with soil treatment and number of seeds per planting hole
Authors: Ginting Rajiv , Ginting Jonatan , Harahap Erwin
Published: November 2021

Sweet corn production in Indonesia from is volatile and unstable. Unoptimal production of sweet corn in North Sumatra is caused by land conditions, plant populations, pest and disease and level of soil fertility. Effective and efficient soil tillage, crop spacing and number of seeds will affect the physical properties of the soil and plant productivity. This study aims to observe the best planting and tillage methods for maize. This study used a split plot design which is repeated three times with two factors, i.e. 3 levels of number of seeds per planting hole and 3 levels of soil tillage. The results showed that the treatment of tillage and the number of seeds per planting hole give significant effect on the variables of plant height, stem diameter, and total production. The interaction of these two factors showed an influence on the parameters of sweet corn plant height. The treatment of 2 seed per planting hole and 1 time of soil tillage show the best productivity compared to other treatments.
Habitat characteristics and utilization of edible wild mushrooms by local communities in the protected forest in Pinrang Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Daud M , Hikmah  , Asis S F , Baharuddin
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the habitat characteristics and utilization of edible wild mushrooms by local communities in protected forest areas in Pinrang Regency, Indonesia. The study was conducted using observation, survey, interview, and questionnaire methods. The characteristics of the wild mushroom habitat are climate type B, with average rainfall is 2,780.2 mm/year, a temperature of 24-32°C, and relative humidity of 59-82%. In general, a wild mushroom grows on dead wood, especially candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) and mango (Mangifera indica), soil, and litter. There were 18 types of wild mushrooms found in the protected forest areas in Pinrang Regency, namely Termitomyces clypeate, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Tyromyces chioneus, Trametes hirsute, Schizophyllum commune, Lepiota clypeolaria, Lepiota brunneoincarnata, Auricularia auricular, Psavinea, squarrosulus, Leucocoprinus sp., Coprinellus micaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Oudemansiella mucida. There were 5 types which include edible wild mushrooms that can be consumed by the community as a source of food and medicine, namely Termitomyces clypeatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Schizophyllum commune, Auricularia auricular, and Pluteus cervinus, and 13 species include non-edible wild mushrooms and some of them are known as poisonous mushrooms.
Gogo rice agronomic patterns on water supply variables and light intensity
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Hanum Chairani , Damanik Revandy Iskandar M
Published: November 2021

The study was aimed to find out the varieties of Gogo rice that are resistence of water supply and the low of light intensity and giving information about the varieties that are resistence of double water stress. The study was conducted on November 2020 to May 2021 and used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with three factors. The first factor is soil water content of D1 40%, D2 60%, D3 80%., the second is shade intensity of N0 0%, N1 20%, N2 40%, and N3 60%. and the third is the varieties of V1 Situbagendit, V2 Red Sigambiri, V3 Inpago 8, V4 White Sigambiri. The result showed that there were differences of growing in different treatnent where the highest of plant of D3N0V1 is 54,73, the highest number of leaves of D3N0V1 is 7.03 and the highest tillers of D3N0V1 is 6.01. On each lowest observation of D1N2V4, the plants died at the age of 12 mds. The findings of the study showed that the soil water content of 80 %, and shade intensity of 0 % are significant effect on Gogo Varieties of Situbagendit.
Assessment of the antifungal activity of the violacein-forming strain Janthinobacterium sp. B-3515 against the mould fungus Alternaria brassicicola F-1864
Authors: Lyakhovchenko N S , Nikishin I A , Gubina E D , Pribylov D A , Senchenkov V Y , Sirotin A A , Solyanikova I P
Published: November 2021

A study of antifungal properties of violacein-forming strain Janthinobacterium sp. B-3515 as well as its secondary metabolite, violacein, against Alternaria brassicicola F-1864 is presented. Regardless of the presence of bacteria, mycelium growth in the first two days proceeded at the same rate. The effect of the bacterial strain was manifested after the third day of incubation. In general, during co-culture, the bacterial strain statistically significantly reduced the average growth of the mycelium of the mould fungus by 10%. The average growth of A. brassicicola F-1864 was decreased in the presence of an aqueous solution of violacein in the nutrient medium (1%, 3%, and 5%). The pigment in 5% concentration had the greatest effect, as the difference between the average growth of the control group and the experimental group was 18%. The mycostatic activity of bacteria of genus Janthinobacterium and violacein against mould fungus Alternaria brassicicola F-1864 was shown for the first time.
Adaptive strategies of the microbial community in meromictic soda Lake Doroninskoye (Transbaikalia, Russia)
Authors: Matyugina E B , Belkova N L
Published: November 2021

The adaptive strategies of biogeochemical systems are considered as a criterion for natural fluctuations of the territory using the example of the microbial community in meromictic soda Lake Doroninskoye (Transbaikalia, Russia). The features of the phylogenetic and functional diversity of the microbial community of the lake have been investigated. In the off-season, a change in the dominant component of the community in the chemocline of the lake was established. During the ice period, the lake is dominated by metabolically flexible, anoxygenic, photoheterotrophic non-sulfuric purple bacteria Rhodospirillaceae and Rhodobacteraceae (class Alphaproteobacteria), which can switch from anoxic photosynthesis to aerobic chemotrophic metabolism. During the open water period, facultative aerobic bacteria of the families Enterobacteriaceae (class Gammaproteobacteria) and Alcaligenaceae (class Betaproteobacteria) predominate, which switch to denitrification in the absence of oxygen.
The taxonomic structure of the fauna of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the south of Eastern Siberia and Northern Mongolia
Authors: Khobrakova L Ts
Published: November 2021

The taxonomic composition of the fauna has 577 species (608 subspecies) from 76 genera, representing 1% of the total fauna of the world and 5% of the Palearctic fauna. Most genera of ground beetles in the region have a predominantly Holarctic distribution, less often – Palearctic, tropical, or worldwide distribution. The fauna of the ground beetles of the region is based on the genera Amara, Bembidion, Pterostichus, Harpalus, and Carabus. The following genera are important for the fauna of ground beetles in the study region: Dyschirius, Agonum, Nebria, Cymindis, Dicheirotrichus, Poecilus, Trechus, Notiophilus, Elaphrus, Cicindela, Cylindera, Pogonus, Chlaenius, Pseudotaphoxenus.
Influence of freezing processes on the vegetation of Sakhalin swamps
Authors: Tsarenko N A , Skirina I F , Skirin F V
Published: November 2021

Herewith the current characteristics of the bog vegetation on the Chaivo spit in the north of Sakhalin are outlined. The many-year surveys have discovered icy permafrost at a depth of 45-70 cm which leads to the formation of annual and perennial migratory pingos. Herewith a brief description of the changes of the pingo vegetation is provided, it has been discovered that the process of lichen growth on the pingos is of selective nature. It has been noticed that some pingos on the bogs of the Chaivo spit have increased in size, which obviously demonstrates the process of replacement, firstly, of mosses by lichens, which in their turn are replaced by herbs and mall shrubs, i.e. pingos on different phases of development can be found. During the period of the surveys, it has been identified that the share of perennial pingos covered with lichens has increased.
Effect of mechanical properties of Al2O3/(W,Ti)C ceramic tool material on its tribological characterization
Authors: Wang Limei , Shi Xiaorui , Wang Bo , Liu Hanlian , Huang Chuanzhen , Liu Xuefei
Published: November 2021

Ceramic cutting tools are mainly used in high-speed dry machining, thus the tool material is in high temperature friction state with the workpiece material during cutting. The tribological characterizations have a direct impact on the cutting performance of the tool. Therefore, tribological characterizations of two kinds of ceramic tool materials with different mechanical properties against hardened steel H13 were compared at the same temperature, one material is Al2O3/(W,Ti)C/Ni with Ni (marked as AWTN), another is Al2O3/(W,Ti)C without Ni (marked as AWT). Also, the variation of tribological characterizations of AWT ceramic tool material with different temperatures was emphatically investigated. The results showed that the average friction coefficients of AWT and AWTN decreased with the increase of sliding speed under the same load, and the friction coefficient of AWT was lower than that of AWTN. Although AWTN material had better flexural strength and fracture toughness than AWT at ambient temperature, yet better hardness of AWT material both at room temperature and high temperature led to the lower friction coefficient and lower wear rate, indicating that the hardness had a greater impact on the wear of ceramic tool materials. The friction coefficient of AWT decreased with the increase of load and increased with the increase of temperature. The wear mechanism of Al2O3/(W,Ti)C ceramic tool material was different at different temperatures. The conclusion of this research had important guiding significance for the selection of cutting tools and cutting parameters in order to improve the machining quality.
Evaluation of hybrid sol-gel alumina coating for electrical resistance applications
Authors: Vishvakarma Shubham , Kannan Rajesh , Vashishtha Nitesh , Pal Singh Arendra
Published: November 2021

In an electric motor, bearing plays a vital role in the performance and reliability which fails frequently due to electrical pitting. To avoid this issue, the bearing can be coated with insulation material. In this present investigation, hybrid sol-gel coating was carried out on bearing steel by dip-coating method. The hybrid sol-gel was prepared using aluminium isopropoxide and calcined alumina powder. The ratio of Sol-Gel to calcined alumina and thickness of the coating was optimized to attain a crack-free surface coating. The crack behaviour was studied. The characterization of Hybrid Sol-Gel was carried out using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and the surface morphology was observed using an optical microscope. The electrical resistance of the coating was measured using an insulation resistance tester. The crack-free surface coating of 40 microns was achieved at a low sol-gel to calcined alumina ratio. The electrical resistance of the coating is found suitable for bearing application. The thermodynamically stable hybrid sol-gel i.e., α alumina -ϒ alumina coating surface is proposed for electrical insulation coating.
Para-orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle generated by Kronecker polynomials
Authors: Zhedanov Alexei
Published: November 2021

The Kronecker polynomialK(z)K(z)is a finite product of cyclotomic polynomialsCj(z)C_j(z). Any Kronecker polynomialK(z)K(z)of degreeN+1N+1with simple roots on the unit circle generates a finite setΦ0=1\Phi _0=1,Φ1(z)\Phi _1(z), …,ΦN(z)\Phi _N(z)of polynomials (para) orthogonal on the unit circle (POPUC). This set is determined uniquely by the conditionΦN(z)=(N+1)−1K′(z)\Phi _N(z) = (N+1)^{-1} K’(z). Such set can be called the set of Sturmian Kronecker POPUC. We present several new explicit examples of such POPUC. In particular, we define and analyze properties of the Sturmian cyclotomic POPUC generated by the cyclotomic polynomialsCM(z)C_M(z). Expressions of these polynomials strongly depend on the decomposition ofMMinto prime factors.
“That Grim Sphinx”: Literary Historicism and Tourgée’s Toinette Novels
Authors: Levine Robert S
Published: November 2021

[W]e need to continue the key conversation in the field about how to revitalize literary historicism. Matthew Arnold and Tourgée can help to contribute to this conversation.

This essay puts the Reconstruction novelist Albion Tourgée in dialogue with the English critic Matthew Arnold in an effort to revitalize the role of literary historicism in American literary studies today. Specifically, it offers a case study of Tourgée’s three Toinette novels (1874, 1879, 1881), all relatively neglected, to make the case for the importance of continuing to study nineteenth-century American literature at least in part in a national frame, but one that takes account of the complexities of temporality. One of the functions of American literary criticism at the present time should be the continued recuperation of lost or neglected voices like Tourgée’s. A more pronounced attention to literary historicism, as the writings of both Tourgée and Arnold suggest, does not mean having to reproduce the exceptionalism and blindnesses of the past or present, especially if critics reject a rigid historical contextualism.
Impact of postoperative chemotherapy on survival for oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma after preoperative chemotherapy and surgery
Authors: Rahman Saqib , Thomas Betsan , Maynard Nick , Park Min Hae , Wahedally Muhammad , Trudgill Nigel , Crosby Tom , Cromwell David A. , Underwood Tim J.
Published: November 2021

Background

Perioperative chemotherapy is widely used in the treatment of oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (OGAC) with a substantial survival benefit over surgery alone. However, the postoperative part of these regimens is given in less than half of patients, reflecting uncertainty among clinicians about its benefit and poor postoperative patient fitness. This study estimated the effect of postoperative chemotherapy after surgery for OGAC using a large population-based data set.

Methods

Patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus, gastro-oesophageal junction or stomach diagnosed between 2012 and 2018, who underwent preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery, were identified from a national-level audit in England and Wales. Postoperative therapy was defined as the receipt of systemic chemotherapy within 90 days of surgery. The effectiveness of postoperative chemotherapy compared with observation was estimated using inverse propensity treatment weighting.

Results

Postoperative chemotherapy was given to 1593 of 4139 patients (38.5 per cent) included in the study. Almost all patients received platinum-based triplet regimens (4004 patients, 96.7 per cent), with FLOT used in 3.3 per cent. Patients who received postoperative chemotherapy were younger, with a lower ASA grade, and were less likely to have surgical complications, with similar tumour characteristics. After weighting, the median survival time after postoperative chemotherapy was 62.7 months compared with 50.4 months without chemotherapy (hazard ratio 0.84, 95 per cent c.i. 0.77 to 0.94; P = 0.001).

Conclusion

This study has shown that postoperative chemotherapy improves overall survival in patients with OGAC treated with preoperative chemotherapy and surgery.
Reimagining Preexposure Prophylaxis Provision for Women in the United States
Authors: Seidman Dominika , Logan Rachel , Weber Shannon , Gandhi Anisha , Blackstock Oni
Published: November 2021

Structural determinants of health drive inequities in the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention among cisgender women in the United States. However, current PrEP clinical guidance and implementation paradigms largely focus on individual behaviors and characteristics, resulting in missed opportunities to improve PrEP access, and the implicit transferring of prevention work from health systems to individuals. In this viewpoint article, we outline ways to apply a structural lens to clinical guidance and PrEP implementation for women and propose areas for future work.
Extracorporeal life support as a bridge to pulmonary retransplantation: prognostic factors for survival in a multicentre cohort analysis
Authors: Inci Ilhan , Ehrsam Jonas Peter , Van Raemdonck Dirk , Ceulemans Laurens Joseph , Krüger Thorsten , Koutsokera Angela , Schiavon Marco , Faccioli Eleonora , Nosotti Mario , Rosso Lorenzo , D’Ovidio Frank , Leiva-Juarez Miguel , Aigner Clemens , Slama Alexis , Saleh Waleed , Alkattan Khaled Manaa , Thomas Pascal Alexandre , Brioude Geoffrey , Benazzo Alberto , Hoetzenecker Konrad
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES

Pulmonary retransplant (ReTx) is considered a controversial procedure. Despite literature reporting outcomes following ReTx, limited data exist in recipients bridged to their ReTx on extracorporeal life support (ECLS). The goal of this study was to investigate the outcomes of recipients bridged to a first-time ReTx by ECLS.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective multicentre cohort analysis from 10 centres in Europe, Asia and North America. The primary outcome was overall survival. Risk factors were analysed using Cox regression models.

RESULTS

ECLS as a bridge to a first-time ReTx was performed in 50 recipients (ECLS-ReTx). During the study period, 210 recipients underwent a first-time ReTx without bridging on ECLS (regular-ReTx) and 4959 recipients had a primary pulmonary transplant (index-Tx). The overall 1-year (55%) and 5-year (29%) survival was significantly worse for the ECLS-ReTx group.

Compared to the index-Tx group, the mortality risk was significantly higher after ECLS-ReTx [hazard ratio 2.76 (95% confidence interval 1.94–3.91); P < 0.001] and regular-ReTx [hazard ratio 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.36–2); P < 0.001].

In multivariable analysis, recipient age ≥35 years, time interval <1 year from index-Tx, primary graft dysfunction as transplant indication, venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and Zurich donor score ≥4 points were significant risk factors for mortality in ECLS-ReTx recipients.

CONCLUSIONS

Recipients for ECLS-ReTx should be carefully selected. Risk factors, such as recipient age, intertransplant interval, primary graft dysfunction as transplant indication and type of ECLS should be kept in mind before bridging these patients on ECLS to ReTx.
Comparative effectiveness of ventricular tachycardia ablation vs. escalated antiarrhythmic drug therapy by location of myocardial infarction: a sub-study of the VANISH trial
Authors: Samuel Michelle , Rivard Lena , Nault Isabelle , Gula Lorne , Essebag Vidal , Parkash Ratika , Sterns Laurence D , Khairy Paul , Sapp John L
Published: November 2021

Aims

Complexity of the ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate and the size and thickness of infarction area border zones differ based on location of myocardial infarctions (MIs). These differences may translate into heterogeneity in the effectiveness of treatments. This study aims to examine the influence of infarct location on the effectiveness of VT ablation in comparison with escalated pharmacological therapy in patients with prior MI and antiarrhythmic drug (AAD)-refractory VT.

Methods and results

VANISH trial participants were categorized based on the presence or absence of an inferior MI scar. Inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox models were calculated for each subgroup. Of 259 randomized patients (median age 69.8 years, 7.0% women), 135 had an inferior MI and 124 had a non-inferior MI. Among patients with an inferior MI, no statistically significant difference in the composite primary outcome of all-cause mortality, appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shock, and VT storm was detected between treatment arms [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–1.20]. In contrast, patients with non-inferior MIs had a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of the primary outcome with ablation (aHR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27–0.86). In a sensitivity analysis of anterior MI patients (n = 83), a trend towards a reduction in the primary outcome with ablation was detected (aHR 0.50, 95% CI 0.23–1.09).

Conclusion

The effectiveness of VT ablation versus escalated AADs varies based on the location of the MI. Patients with MI scars located only in non-inferior regions of the ventricles derive greater benefit from VT ablation in comparison to escalation of AADs in reducing VT-related events.
Doxorubicin alters the disposition of phenytoin by reducing its metabolic elimination and binding affinity to serum albumin in rats
Authors: Fukuno Shuhei , Nagai Katsuhito , Yamaoka Shizuka , Yamada Fuka , Mizumoto Haruna , Ito Takuya , Konishi Hiroki
Published: November 2021

Objectives

We investigated the pharmacokinetic interaction of doxorubicin (DOX) with phenytoin (PHT) and the underlying mechanism in rats to clarify why the serum PHT concentration decreases despite the impaired PHT metabolic capacity in patients receiving DOX.

Methods

Rats were administered 15 mg/kg of DOX or saline alone. The pharmacokinetic disposition of intravenously administered PHT was examined 4 days after DOX exposure. Enzyme kinetics of CYP2C-dependent PHT p-hydroxylation were analysed using hepatic microsomes. The unbound PHT concentration in serum was measured by the ultrafiltration method, and the relationship between the unbound fraction (fu) and serum albumin level was assessed.

Key findings

The total clearance (CLtot) of PHT was significantly increased by DOX, but the activity of PHT p-hydroxylation conversely decreased. The unbound serum PHT concentration and its fu were significantly higher in the DOX group than in the control group, and the CLtot/fu, a measure of intrinsic clearance, significantly decreased. An increase in the fu was observed even when using a serum sample with an albumin concentration equal to that in the control group.

Conclusions

DOX treatment increases the unbound serum PHT concentration by depressing the metabolic capacity and alters the total PHT by reducing serum albumin and its affinity to PHT.
Hot Jupiter formation in dense clusters: secular chaos in multiplanetary systems
Authors: Wang Yi-Han , Perna Rosalba , Leigh Nathan W C , Shara Michael M
Published: November 2021

Exoplanetary observations reveal that the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters is correlated with star clustering. In star clusters, interactions between planetary systems and close flyby stars can significantly change the architecture of primordially coplanar, circular planetary systems. Flybys can impact hot Jupiter formation via activation of high-eccentricity excitation mechanisms such as the Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai (ZLK) effect and planet–planet scattering. Previous studies have shown that, for a two-planet system, close flybys, especially at high incidence angles, can efficiently activate the ZLK mechanism, thus triggering high-eccentricity tidal migration and ultimately form hot Jupiters. Here, we extend our previous study with a multiplanet (triple) system. We perform high-precision, high-accuracy few-body simulations of stellar flybys and subsequent planetary migration within the perturbed planetary systems using the code spacehub. Our simulations demonstrate that a single close flyby on a multiplanet system can activate secular chaos and ultimately lead to hot Jupiter formation via high-eccentricity migration. We find that the hot Jupiter formation rate per system increases with both the size of the planetary system and the mass of the outer planet, and we quantify the relative formation fractions for a range of parameters. Hot Jupiters formed via secular chaos are expected to be accompanied by massive companions with very long periods. Our study further shows that flyby-induced secular chaos is preferred in low-density clusters where multiplanet systems are more likely to survive, and that it contributes a significant fraction of hot Jupiter formation in star clusters compared to the flyby-induced ZLK mechanism.
Loss of MED12 activates the TGFβ pathway to promote chemoresistance and replication fork stability in BRCA-deficient cells
Authors: Jackson Lindsey M , Dhoonmoon Ashna , Hale Anastasia , Dennis Kady A , Schleicher Emily M , Nicolae Claudia M , Moldovan George-Lucian
Published: November 2021

Understanding chemoresistance mechanisms in BRCA-deficient cells will allow for identification of biomarkers for predicting tumor response to therapy, as well as the design of novel therapeutic approaches targeting this chemoresistance. Here, we show that the protein MED12, a component of the Mediator transcription regulation complex, plays an unexpected role in regulating chemosensitivity in BRCA-deficient cells. We found that loss of MED12 confers resistance to cisplatin and PARP inhibitors in both BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient cells, which is associated with restoration of both homologous recombination and replication fork stability. Surprisingly, MED12-controlled chemosensitivity does not involve a function of the Mediator complex, but instead reflects a distinct role of MED12 in suppression of the TGFβ pathway. Importantly, we show that ectopic activation of the TGFβ pathway is enough to overcome the fork protection and DNA repair defects of BRCA-mutant cells, resulting in chemoresistance. Our work identifies the MED12-TGFβ module as an important regulator of genomic stability and chemosensitivity in BRCA-deficient cells.
FARS2 deficiency in Drosophila reveals the developmental delay and seizure manifested by aberrant mitochondrial tRNA metabolism
Authors: Fan Wenlu , Jin Xiaoye , Xu Man , Xi Yongmei , Lu Weiguo , Yang Xiaohang , Guan Min-Xin , Ge Wanzhong
Published: November 2021

Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are linked to diverse diseases. However, the precise mechanisms by which these mutations affect mitochondrial function and disease development are not fully understood. Here, we develop a Drosophila model to study the function of dFARS2, the Drosophila homologue of the mitochondrial phenylalanyl–tRNA synthetase, and further characterize human disease-associated FARS2 variants. Inactivation of dFARS2 in Drosophila leads to developmental delay and seizure. Biochemical studies reveal that dFARS2 is required for mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation, mitochondrial protein stability, and assembly and enzyme activities of OXPHOS complexes. Interestingly, by modeling FARS2 mutations associated with human disease in Drosophila, we provide evidence that expression of two human FARS2 variants, p.G309S and p.D142Y, induces seizure behaviors and locomotion defects, respectively. Together, our results not only show the relationship between dysfunction of mitochondrial aminoacylation system and pathologies, but also illustrate the application of Drosophila model for functional analysis of human disease-causing variants.
Peer-Delivery of a Gender-Specific Smoking Cessation Intervention for Women Living in Disadvantaged Communities in Ireland We Can Quit2 (WCQ2)—A Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hayes Catherine B , Patterson Jenny , Castello Stefania , Burke Emma , O’Connell Nicola , Darker Catherine D , Bauld Linda , Vance Joanne , Ciblis Aurelia , Dobbie Fiona , Loudon Kirsty , Devane Declan , Dougall Nadine
Published: November 2021

Introduction

We Can Quit” (WCQ) is community-based stop-smoking program delivered by trained community facilitators, based on the socio-ecological framework and developed using a Community-based Participatory Research approach, targeting women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged (SED) areas of Ireland.

Aims and Methods

The We Can Quit2 (WCQ2) pilot trial assessed the feasibility of WCQ. A pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial with a process evaluation WCQ2, was conducted in four matched pairs of SED districts (8–10 000 women per district). Districts were independently randomized to WCQ (group support + nicotine replacement therapy), or to individual support delivered by health professionals. Participants were adult women smokers interested in quitting, who were living or working in trial districts. Recruitment of districts and 194 women in four waves (49 women per wave); retention at 12 weeks and 6 months; fidelity to intervention delivery and acceptability of trial-related processes were assessed. Validated smoking abstinence at 12-week and 6-month post-intervention was recorded, missing data assumed as continued smoking.

Results

Eight districts were recruited. 125/188 (66.5%) eligible women consented. The 49 women target was reached in wave4. Retention at 12 weeks was (Intervention [I]: 55.4%; Control [C]: 51.7%), at 6 months (I: 47.7%; C: 46.7%). Smoking abstinence at 12 weeks was (I: 23.1%, [95% CI: 14.5 to 34.7]; C: 13%, [95% CI: 6.9 to 24.1]). 83.8% of session activities were delivered. Trial-related processes were acceptable to facilitators. Low literacy was highlighted as a barrier for participants’ acceptability.

Conclusions

WCQ was feasible to deliver by trained facilitators and indicated a positive direction in abstinence rates. Low literacy will need to be addressed in a future trial design.

Implications

This pilot trial showed that a stop-smoking intervention tailored to a group of women smokers living in SED areas which was delivered by trained local women within their local communities was feasible. Furthermore, although not formally compared, more WCQ women were abstinent from smoking at the end of treatment. The results are relevant to enhance the design of a fully powered effectiveness trial, and provide important evidence on the barriers to deliver a tailored smoking cessation service to SED women smokers in Ireland.
Lone Voices?
Authors: Hutchings David
Published: November 2021

This chapter asks if Draper and White were indeed the sole originators of the conflict thesis, or whether there were others before and/or alongside them. Journeying from the French Revolution through to late Victorian England, key players are identified and discussed. These include Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, John Tyndall, Thomas Huxley, the X Club, and many more influential characters who spoke on or wrote about the relationship between science and religion. The conclusion is that Draper and White were far from alone: many other highly significant public figures had argued that there was an inherent conflict between theology and the scientific method in one way or another. The chapter then teases why it might be that Draper and White are so forcefully put forward in the literature as being the lone progenitors of the idea.
Tales from the Gap
Authors: Hutchings David
Published: November 2021

This chapter takes on the Dark Ages narrative—the prevalent idea that the Western world (at least) was plunged into a thousand years of intellectual sleep by the onset of Christianity. Examples of this storyline are taken from a variety of sources, including Petrarch, Edward Gibbon, Daniel Boorstin, and Carl Sagan. By examining the literature, the Dark Ages are shown not to be so dark after all: the years in between AD 500 and AD 1500 were full of inventive, rational, and scientific thought, much of it given its impetus and support by the Church. As the examples of such creative development mount up, the Dark Ages myth is put under increasing strain, until it buckles entirely. Once again, John William Draper and Andrew Dickson White turn out to have been very significant figures in keeping it going for as long as it has.
Myths, Myths, Everywhere
Authors: Hutchings David
Published: November 2021

This chapter debunks a series of myths about science and religion. These include the idea that Giordano Bruno and then Galileo Galilei were martyrs of modern science; that Copernicanism was unilaterally opposed by the Church; that Christianity sets faith against evidence; that reason has played no part in Christian thinking over its history; that true science is only ever cold, detached, and rational; that thinkers must pick a side in the war between “science” and “religion.” Modern examples of all of these myths are given, ranging from academic works to bestselling novels. Each is studied in turn, and then revealed to be false. As with the other chapters, John William Draper and Andrew Dickson White are shown to be largely responsible for popularizing them in the first place.
Teaching Songwriting with MIDI Projects
Authors: Kuhn Will , Hein Ethan
Published: November 2021

The projects in this chapter introduce MIDI recording, sequencing, and editing techniques for composition and songwriting. The projects include strategies for enabling students to quickly generate a large amount of original musical material quickly. Beginner songwriters and composers find empty DAW sessions to be daunting, so it is essential to build their confidence. Therefore, the chapter gives techniques for quickly generating melodic and drum sequences, duplicating them, and creating variations on them. This approach also has the benefit of mirroring “real-world” professional production practice. The projects cover drum programming and arranging, as well as writing chord sequences, basslines, and short melodies. A pragmatic instrument taxonomy of “drums” and “not-drums” is used, and the typical instrumental layers in contemporary electronic music genres are explained. Also presented is a practical approach to relevant music theory concepts. Finally, three popular genres—future bass, house music, and trap—are used to introduce musical form.
The Politics of Care
Authors: Samanta Samiparna
Published: November 2021

This chapter builds up the first case study of the book by examining the trajectory of diseased animals. It investigates how rinderpest or the Calcutta Epizootic of 1864 came to be constructed as a visible threat to the empire. Additionally, by focusing on major crosscurrents concerning cattle health, it demonstrates how a renewed protectionist stance manifested itself in the form of colonial legislations along with a surge of anti-animal cruelty literature among Bengalis. What sets this chapter apart from other works on animal disease in colonial India is that it demonstrates how attempts to control animal disease eventually merged with humanitarian initiatives. While the sentiment of compassion towards nonhuman animals was not a novelty in India, its contact with the Raj lent a different hue to it. Compassion was no longer a commitment to the virtue of “ahimsa” (non-injury to a living being)- but implied a loyalty to bigyan or “science.” The best example of the mingling of ahimsa and bigyan is the foundation of the Belgachia Veterinary infirmary in 1901.
Conclusion
Authors: Samanta Samiparna
Published: November 2021

The conclusion draws together the diverse narrative strands that characterized the 19th- and 20th-century colonial humanitarian project. It reemphasizes the argument of the book by redirecting attention to the colonial ambivalence towards animals. It argues that the colonial project of protection towards animals – a largely unsuccessful one at that – demonstrated how the colonial state, predicated on benevolence, constantly sought to control, subjugate and discipline its subjects – human and non-human. Nonhuman animals became powerful signifiers and markers of identities, and yet remained marginal to the larger project of colonial control, which was bent on dominating human subjects more than nonhumans. Each of the case studies in the preceding chapters – politics of rinderpest control, slaughterhouse inspection, and carters’ strikes are the outcome of the colonial ambivalence. Additionally, the conclusion argues that knowledge produced in the colony was a product of a network of material, social, and scientific relations between and among human and non-human actors.
Introduction
Authors: Dutta Vipul
Published: November 2021

This book focusses on the emergence of a series of key officer-training and ‘feeder’1 establishments from the early to mid-twentieth century in India.2 In doing so, it aims to highlight the military policies that were pursued in the subcontinent at this time, with special regard to the administration of these military institutions,...