bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVOLUNTARY TREATMENT OF PERSONS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - WHERE WERE WE AND WHERE ARE WE NOW?
Authors: Zivlak-Radulović Nera
Published: June 2024

The first Law on the Protection of Persons with Mental Disorders of the Republic of Srpska was passed in 2004 and in it the social interest (endangering others) and vital interest (endangering oneself) are emphasized as indications for involuntary detention of a person for treatment, and the new Law of 2020 puts medical indication (health condition) in the foreground which is in line with the humanization of attitudes towards those persons. In this paper, special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the applicability of the first adopted Law critically from the aspect of the profession which implemented it. In the empirical research we conducted on the frequency of involuntary treatment in the institution for mental disorders of the highest health level, which receives patients from all over the Republic of Srpska, we show that our data are not different from data in other European countries, according to the frequency of involuntary detention, the type of disease and the socio-demographic data of persons forcibly detained and then accommodated.. However, when viewed from the aspect of the Law, not all articles were respected, because it was influenced by objective circumstances and the impossibility of implementing certain legal stipulations. A special problem was caused by the impossibility of imposing medical measures on insane persons by the legislator. It remains to be seen whether the greater reorientation of the new Law from 2020 towards professional medical recommendations will affect better respect for the rights of those persons, but also reduce the need for their involuntary detention. What we assume is that moving away from clear legal guidelines will be a stumbling block in its implementation.
SVRHA KAŽNJAVANJA I MALOLJETNI POĈINITELJI KAZNENIH DJELA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ
Authors: Gracin Dijana
Published: June 2024

Glavni cilj ovog istraţivanja je pruţiti pregled relevantne literature u podruĉju kaţnjavanja maloljetnih poĉinitelja te analizirati fenomenologiju kaţnjivih ponašanja maloljetnika u Republici Hrvatskoj. Empirijska analiza temelji se na sekundarnim izvorima, sluţbenim evidencijama policije, drţavnih odvjetništava, sudova za maloljetnike i Drţavnog zavoda za statistiku u promatranom razdoblju (2013.-2020.). Maloljetni prijestupnici analiziraju se u odnosu na spol, dob, obrazovanje, vrstu poĉinjenih kaznenih djela, prethodne osude, s kim ţive, izreĉene kazne i druge relevantne kriterije za utvrĊivanje trendova i obrazaca kriminala tijekom promatranog razdoblja. U radu se raspravlja o oĉitom silaznom trendu prijavljenih, optuţenih i osuĊenih maloljetnika, ali i relativno velikom broju odbaĉenih kaznenih prijava primjenom naĉela svrhovitosti kao rehabilitacijskog pristupa Drţavnog odvjetništva prema maloljetnim poĉiniteljima. Iako mjere upozorenja, odnosno pridrţaj maloljetniĉkog zatvora kao mjera preusmjeravanja, rasterećuje sudove i skraćuje vrijeme od poĉinjenja kaznenih djela do poĉetka tretmana, istodobno povećanje broja maloljetnih recidivista izaziva zabrinutost, a što ukazuje na to da sadašnji sustav maloljetniĉkih sankcija ne ispunjava svoju primarnu svrhu kaţnjavanja - specijalnu prevenciju. Istraţivaĉki rad temelji se na postojećim znanjima o toj temi i ukazuje na moguće implikacije za budući razvoj.
IGRA KAO PODSTICAJ ZA ZDRAVI DJEČJI RAST I RAZVOJ
Authors: Stojanović Ružica
Published: June 2024

Razvoj djeteta je cjelovit proces koji se odvija na osnovu individualnih predispozicija, djetetovih potencijala i uslova u kojima dijete ţivi, a obuhvata motorne, intelektualne, emocionalne, socijalne i kulturne aspekte. Vaţan faktor djeĉijeg rasta i razvoja je okruţenje koje treba da omogući djetetu igru, istraţivanje svijeta oko sebe, razvoj kompentencija u interakciji sa drugim ljudima i sredinom, ĉime se utiĉe na pravilan rast i razvoj djeteta. Djetinjstvo se najĉešće povezuje sa igrom. Igra predstavlja fenomen djetinjstva, svojstvena je svoj djeci i obiljeţje je djeĉje kulture. Sa druge strane, za djecu igra predstavlja primaran naĉin uĉenja o sebi, drugima i okolini u kojoj ţive. Od najniţeg uzrasta dijete je okupirano igrom u vidu igara istraţivanja, a kako dijete raste i razvija se i njegova igra se razvija, postaje sloţenija i dobija druge karakteristike. Igra obuhvata razliĉite aktivnosti u kojima se djeca igraju samostalno, sa drugom djecom i osobama ili predmetima. Za rast i razvoj djeteta igra predstavlja temelj, jer utiĉe na razvoj motornih, intelektualnih, emocionalnih i socijalnih sposobnosti, kao i na govorno-jeziĉki razvoj i samopouzdanje. Cilj ovog rada jeste da ukaţemo na to koliki je znaĉaj igre za zdrav djeĉji rast i razvoj i na koji naĉin igra utiĉe na rast i razvoj djece.
RODITELJSTVO U SAVREMENOM DRUŠTVU
Authors: Trifunović Vesna
Published: June 2024

U ovom radu u fokusu interesovanja su: a) uticaj sociokulturnog konteksta na porodicu i formiranje odnosa prema raĊanju i roditeljstvu i b) problem vaspitanja roditelja za „roditeljstvo”. Društvo i kultura determinišu odnose unutar porodice i izmeĊu nje i spoljnog okruţenja, kao i odnos prema raĊanju i roditeljstvu. „Vladajuće” vrednosti, norme i modeli ponašanja povezani su sa motivacijom za roditeljstvom i pripremom za ostvarivanje roditeljske uloge. Aktuelna dešavanja, uobliĉena globalizacijom, pre upućuju na izraţeno normiranje porodiĉnog ţivota i roditeljstva od strane društva, nego na integralnu povezanost društva i porodice, koja vodi ka briţljivoj pripremi roditelja za odgajanje novih generacija. U radu se daje kratak osvrt na povezanost izmeĊu društva, kulture i porodice i razliĉite prakse roditeljstva, kao i prikaz dela zakonske regulative u Republici Srbiji koja kodifikuje roditeljstvo i, delimiĉno, naĉine pripreme (ili vaspitanja) za roditeljstvo.
ZAPOŠLJAVANJE OSOBA S INVALIDITETOM KROZ KONCEPT SOCIJALNOG PODUZETNIŠTVA KAO PRETPOSTAVKA UNAPREĐENJA KVALITETE ŽIVOTA
Authors: Gadžo - Šašić Sabira , Babić Nina
Published: June 2024

Osobe s invaliditetom koje se inaĉe smatraju iskljuĉenijim ĉlanovima svake zajednice teţe ostvaruju pravo na rad, ali i sva ostala prava zagarantirana meĊunarodnim dokumentima i nacionalnim zakonodavstvom zbog ĉega se za njih i ĉešće veţe lošija kvaliteta ţivota. U cilju stvaranja društva u kojem bi svi imali jednake uslove prvenstveno za rad, ali i za jednake usluge u oblasti obrazovanja i zdravstva u modernim društvima, ukljuĉujući i bosanskohercegovaĉko, se nastoji kroz jaĉanje koncepta socijalnog poduzetništva stvoriti povoljniji ambijent za sve spomenuto. U tom kontekstu u radu je obrazloţen znaĉaj socijalnog poduzetništva što u najširem smislu rijeĉi predstavlja profesionalno i inovativno rješavanje problema od strane poduzetnika kroz kreiranje sistemskih promjena koje nadilaze nedostatke trţišta i iskorištavaju dane mogućnosti. Za realizaciju istraţivanja korištena je metoda intervjua, a cilj kvalitativne analize dobivenih rezultata je sagledavanje mogućnosti i ograniĉenja razvijanja koncepta socijalnog poduzetništva kroz zapošljavanje osoba s invaliditetom na podruĉju Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (FBiH). Prezentirani rezultati su pokazali da je koncept socijalnog poduzetništva upravo oblast u kojoj se ĉešće radno angaţiraju osobe s invaliditetom.
DOŽIVLJAJ ANKSIOZNOSTI KOD UĈENIKA ZAVRŠNIH RAZREDA OSNOVNE ŠKOLE
Authors: Čokić Adela , Bijedić Meliha , Suljkanović - Djedović Emina
Published: June 2024

Anksioznost je neizbjeţna u svakodnevnom ţivotu te predstavlja automatski odgovor ĉovjeka na doţivljaj opasnosti. TakoĊer, problemi i simptomi vezani uz anksioznost sastavni su dio sazrijevanja te predstavljaju adaptivne odgovore koji ĉuvaju od opasnih situacija i djeluju motivacijski. Anksioznost postaje problem za osobu onda kada prestane djelovati motivirajuće i zaštitniĉki. Cilj rada je ispitati prisustvo aksioznosti kod uĉenika zavšnih razreda osnovne škole. U radu se pošlo od pretpostavke da je aknsioznost prisutna kod uĉenika završnih razreda u razliĉitim podruĉjima. Uzorak ispitanika ĉinilo je 120 uĉenika završnih razreda osnovne škole na podruĉju Tuzlanskog kantona. Istraţivanje je sprovedeno u februaru 2023. godine. Mjerni instrument korišten u istraţivanju je Skala djeĉje anksioznosti autorice Purić (1992; prema Zaić, 2005) namijenjena je ispitivanju anksioznosti djece školske dobi. Podaci su obraĊeni metodama deskriptivne statistike. Rezultati istraţivanja upućuju na prisustvo anksioznosti na tri podruĉja: ispitnu, socijalnu i opštu aksioznost u razliĉitom intenzitetu. Najveći intenzitet je zabiljeţen u podruĉju ispitne anksioznosti.
UTICAJ MODERNE NASTAVNE METODOLOGIJE NA USPJEH UĈENIKA U OSNOVNOJ ŠKOLI
Authors: Hasanović Suad
Published: June 2024

Moderna nastavna metodologija obuhvata postupke, naĉine i korake u procesu pouĉavanja utemeljene na rezultatima savremene nauke, a koji se primjenjuju u nastavi radi povećanja djelotvornosti, lakšeg, brţeg i produktivnijeg uĉenja i pouĉavanja. Savremeni pristup nastavi u niţim razredima osnovne škole, stavlja uĉenika u središte nastavnog procesa. Upotrebom razliĉitih nastavnih metoda i njihovim kombinovanjem kod uĉenika se ţeli razviti samostalnost i aktivnost, sposobnost stjecanja vještine i umijeća da sam donosi ideje i zakljuĉke. Na izbor i kombinaciju nastavnih metoda utjeĉu zadaci nastavnog predmeta, uĉenikovo okruţenje, dob i predznanje uĉenika, nastavnikova kreativnost i raspoloţivi resursi. Pristup uĉenju zasnovan na aktivnostima uglavnom, u velikoj mjeri, obogaćuje uĉenje uĉenika. Primjenom moderne nastavne metodologije, odabirom metoda koje ispunjavaju zahtjeve savremene nastave nastavnik daje instrukcije uĉenicima u vezi sa njihovim aktivnostima. Rad je empirijski i istraţuje efekte primjene savremenih nastavnih metoda, konkretno „zida rijeĉi“ (eng. Word Wall) na ĉasovima predavanja, vjeţbi i provjeravanja znanja uĉenika osnovne škole, a s obzirom na njihovo konceptualno razumijevanje. Svrha istraţivanja je utvrĊivanje efekata primjene savremene nastavne metodologije na uĉenje i uspjeh uĉenika analizom podataka dobivenih pred/post-testiranjem kroz eksperimentalnu i kontrolnu grupu u uzorku istraţivanja kojeg čine učenici petog razreda osnovne škole. Podaci su dobiveni tretmanom i testiranjem učenika u eksperimentalnoj i kontrolnoj grupi, te analizirani koristeći SPSS. U radu su predstavljeni rezultati istraţivanja koji ukazuju da moderna nastavna metodologija i primjena savremenih nastavnih metoda i strategija pospješuju proces uĉenja uĉenika, razvijaju konceptualno razumijevanje čime pozitivno utjeĉu na uspjeh uĉenika.
PRAVO NA ZDRAVLJE I OBRAZOVANJE U ZATVORU
Authors: Marić Tamara
Published: June 2024

Boravak u zatvorskom okruţenju predstavlja specifiĉno iskustvo za većinu pravosnaţno osuĊenih osoba. Iako se svrha kaţnjavanja ogleda u ostvarivanju ciljeva specijalne i generalne prevencije, treba imati u vidu da prilagoĊavanje na posebne uslove ţivota kao što su ograniĉenje slobode kretanja i upravljanja ustaljenim ţivotnim navikama predstavljaju sloţenu novonastalu situaciju koja utiĉe na opšte ali i mentalno zdravlje zatvorenika. Dalje, odlazak jedne osobe na izdrţavanje kazne zatvora, u velikom broju sluĉajeva, direktno utiĉe na brojne aspekte ţivota samog zatvorenika ali i ĉlanova njegove porodice a moţe imati dalekoseţne posljedice i nakon izlaska iz zatvorskih rešetki. Da li zatvor utiĉe na svijest zatvorenika o zdravim ţivotnim navikama i vrijednostima? Kako zatvor utiĉe na sposobnost zatvorenika da promjeni svoje ponašanje? Kakva prava u zatvoru imaju zatvorenici? Da li izlaze kao bolje ili lošije osobe? Da li zatvorske kazne utiĉu na zdravlje porodice i da li proces rehabilitacije kod zatvorenika uspije baš svaki put? Sve su to pitanja koja će biti obraĊena u okviru teme ovog referata.
НАЧЕЛА И МЕХАНИЗМИ ЗАШТИТЕ ЉУДСКИХ ПРАВА
Authors: Baljak Miroslav
Published: June 2024

У раду су анализирана начела на којима се људска права темеље, те главни међународни документи којима су регулисана људска права, као и механизми њихове заштите који стоје на располагању појединцу када сматра да му је поједино право повређено деловањем јавних власти.У савременом друштву људска права постају мерило вредновања квалитета живљења и достигнутог степена демократије. Међународни документи, као инструменти и поступци гарантовања и заштите људских права, дају људским правима универзални карактер којима нису препрека државне границе и национална законодавства. Титулари људских права су грађани, а обавеза државе је да се права и слободе утврђена Уставом и законима не крше већ поштују.
NEOVLAŠĆENO DRŽANJE OPOJNIH DROGAPRIVILEGOVANO DELO PROTIV ZDRAVLJA LJUDI ILI PRAVNO SUZBIJANJE NARKOMANIJE
Authors: Nikolić Gordana
Published: June 2024

U nauci i praksi dugo se polemisalo oko kriviĉnog dela Neovlašćeno drţanje opojnih droga koje je u Srbiji do noveliranja zakonskog teksta 2009. godine predstavljalo privilegovani oblik (stav 3) kriviĉnog dela iz ĉlana 246. KZ-a i predstavljalo je svako neovlašćeno drţanje supstance ili preperata koji su proglašeni za opojno droge, osim u sluĉaju kada se droga drţi radi prodaje. Prethodnim rešenjem se sa jedne strane inkriminisala narkomanija u sluĉaju kada je ovaj oblik obuhvatao drţanje droge radi sopstvene upotrebe, dok sa druge strane, ovaj oblik se primenjivao i tada kada se radilo o trgovcima droge, odnosno delo iz ĉlana 246. stav 1., ali zbog problema u dokazivanju namere da se droga drţi radi prodaje, delo je kvalifikovano kao privilegovani oblik. To se i nametnulo kao potreba i razlog da se ovi problemi u praksi prevazidju, te je zakonodavac 2009. godine pokušao da ih reši ukidanjem ovog privilegovanog oblika dela (ĉlan3) iz ĉlana 246. KZ-a i uvoĊenjem novog kriviĉnog dela Neovlašćeno drţanje opojnih droga inkiminacijom radnje u novom ĉlanu 246a. Autor se u radu bavi kriviĉnopravnom i statististiĉkom analizom ovog kriviĉnog dela ukazujući na njegov veliki znaĉaj zakonskog suzbijanja narkomanije, koje je samo donekle regulisano, ali i prilikom osnova oslobodjenja od kazne u sluĉaju da uĉinilac otkrije od koga nabavlja droga (stav 3) budući da se i tada moţe izrići mera bezbednosti leĉenja narkomana iz ĉlana 83. Iako je inkriminacija ove radnje opravdano slabije kaţnjiva od radnje proizvodnje i stavljanja u promet opojnih droga, zbog cega se i dalje smatra porivilegovanim delom, njegovim izvršenjem se i dalje napada zona univerzalnih ljudskih prava, a to je zdravlje ljudi, te je njegova inkriminacija veoma vaţna jer se otkrivanjem izvršioca moţe doći do lanca trgovca droge, što samostalno, ali i sluĉaju otkrivanja lanca proizvodnje i prodaje se kaţjeva narkomanija.
POVEZANOST INTERNALIZIRANIH I EKSTERNALIZIRANIH PROBLEMA U PONAŠANJU SA ŠKOLSKIM USPIJEHOM MLADIH
Authors: Mulaosmanović Nermin , Ivanišević Dijana
Published: June 2024

Procesi koji vode do problema u ponašanju djece i mladih nisu u potpunosti predvidivi, te mnogi problemi nisu povezani samo sa jednim faktorom, već sa puno faktora u okolini koji su u kombinaciji sa drugim karakteristikama i sposobnostima pojedinca. Problemi u djetinjstvu i adolescenciji koji ukljuĉuju emocije pojavljuju se u dvije široke kategorije: eksternalizirani i internalizirani problemi u ponašanju. Tranzicija u srednju školu kod nekih adolescenata moţe dovesti do pojave navedenih problema u ponašanju. Obzirom da se školski uspjeh mladih navodi kao znaĉajan za njihovo ponašanje i doţivljavanje, te da je znaĉajan faktor psihiĉkog i socijalnog funkcioniranja, osnovni problem je bio ispitati odnos eksternaliziranih i internaliziranih problemima sa školskim uspjehom kod mladih. Cilj je bio utvrditi da li je školski uspjeh u znaĉajnoj vezi sa eksternaliziranim i internaliziranim problemima, postoje li spolne, dobne razlike, a sve u funkciji preveniranja navedenih problema u ponašanju kroz prepoznavanje zaštitnih faktora. Uzorak istraţivanja je ĉinilo 140 srednjoškolaca (71 muških, 69 ţenskih). U istraţivanju je korištena skala samopoštovanja (Rosenberg, 1965) i upitnik YRS (Achenbach i Rescorla, 2001). Rezultati pokazuju da postoji znaĉajna veza internaliziranih/eksternaliziranih problema u ponašanju sa školskim uspjehom (r=-.264, p =.00; r=-.286; p =.00). UtvrĊena je znaĉajna razlika u internaliziranim problemima u ponašanju s obzirom na spol (t= 3.435; p=.001) kao i eksternaliziranim problemima (t=3.397; p=.001). Postoji znaĉajna dobna razlika u internaliziranim (F=4.647; p=.004) i eksternaliziranim problemima mladih (F=6.139; p=.001). Navedeni rezultati ukazuju da preveniranjem problema u ponašanju mladih moţe se uticati na školski uspjeh uĉenika.
PRAVA MALOLJETNIH PRESTUPNIKA KROZ PRIZMU RESOCIJALIZACIJE
Authors: Sredojević Ognjen
Published: June 2024

Prestupništvo maloljetnika kao negativna društvena pojava, oznaĉava oblik kriminalnog ponašanja maloljetnih lica. Ovaj oblik ponašanja maloljetnika predstavlja društveni problem u svakoj drţavi. Posebnu paţnju prema prestupništvu maloljetnika, odnosno maloljetniĉkoj delinkvenciji, posvećuju sve drţave Evropske unije, pa tako i Bosna i Hercegovina koja se nalazi još u periodu tranzicije. Pod maloljetniĉkom delinkevncijom (prestupništvo maloljetnika) savremena literatura definiše je kao nedopuštenu pojavu, odnosno od neprilagoĊenog do inkriminisanog ponašanja. Jedno od shvatanja takvog neprilagoĊenog ponašanja, odnosi se i na ponašanja koja su u suprotnosti sa uobiĉajenim i propisanim oblicima ponašanja u društvu. Prestupništvo maloljetnika kao oblik društveno neprihvatljivog ponašanja, aktuelna je društveno negativna pojava, koja zasigurno treba i u budućem vremenu nametati potrebu, za još većim angaţmanom društvene zajednice, a kako bi se posredstvom drţavnih institucija djelovalo na rješavanju sve uĉestalijih sluĉajeva prestupništva maloljetnika u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kriviĉnopravni poloţaj maloljetnih prestupnika (uĉinilaca kriviĉnih djela i prekršaja), kako u savremenim kriviĉnim zakonodavstvima, tako i u zakonodavstvu Bosne i Hercegovine, razlikuje se od kriviĉnopravnog poloţaja punoljetnih uĉinilaca kriviĉnih djela. U pogledu prestupništva maloljetnika u Bosni i Hercegovini, u prethodnom periodu paţnju na ovu problematiku doprinijele su i promjene u kriviĉnim zakonodavstvima entiteta Republike Srpske, Federacije BiH i Brĉko distrikta, a koje tretiraju prava, poloţaj, resocijalizaciju i rehabilitaciju maloljetnih prestupnika, u smislu izdvajanja maloljetniĉke legislative iz opštih kriviĉnopravnih odredbi u posebno zakonodavstvo o maloljetnicima. Ova legislativa ogleda se u novom Zakonu o maloljetnicima, kao lex specialis, ali koja je ipak izostala sa izmjenama na drţavnom nivou. Ovakva izmjena dala je normativno-pravni okvir u adekvatnom tretiranju problematike prestupništva maloljetnika. Ovom legislativom olakšan je naĉin za sprovoĊenje i realizaciju adekvatnog pristupa, kako bi se postigli efikasniji rezultati po pitanju preventivnog djelovanja, svrhe svih kriviĉnih sankcija, prava maloljetnih prestupnika i njihove resocijalizacije u odnosu na ovu kategoriju lica. TakoĊe, u okvirima opšte svrhe kriviĉnih sankcija prema maloljetnim prestupnicima, naroĉito je odreĊeno, da je i svrha kriviĉnih sankcija, da se pruţanjem pomoći, brige, zaštite, nadzora, te obezbjeĊivanjem opšteg i struĉnog osposobljavanja, utiĉe na jaĉanje liĉne odgovornosti, vaspitanje i pravilni razvoj maloljetnika, a sve u cilju resocijalizacije, rehabilitacije i njegovog ponovnog ukljuĉivanja u društvenu zajednicu.
Early parafoveal semantic integration in natural reading
Authors: Pan Yali , Frisson Steven , Federmeier Kara D. , Jensen Ole
Published: June 2024

Humans can read and comprehend text rapidly, implying that readers might process multiple words per fixation. However, the extent to which parafoveal words are previewed and integrated into the evolving sentence context remains disputed. We investigated parafoveal processing during natural reading by recording brain activity and eye movements using MEG and an eye tracker while participants silently read one-line sentences. The sentences contained an unpredictable target word that was either congruent or incongruent with the sentence context. To measure parafoveal processing, we flickered the target words at 60 Hz and measured the resulting brain responses (i.e.,
Rapid Invisible Frequency Tagging, RIFT
) during fixations on the pre-target words. Our results revealed a significantly weaker tagging response for target words that were incongruent with the previous context compared to congruent ones, even within 100 ms of fixating the word immediately preceding the target. This reduction in the RIFT response was also found to be predictive of individual reading speed. We conclude that semantic information is not only extracted from the parafovea but can also be integrated with the previous context before the word is fixated. This early and extensive parafoveal processing supports the rapid word processing required for natural reading. Our study suggests that theoretical frameworks of natural reading should incorporate the concept of deep parafoveal processing.
Polarised Moonlight Guides Nocturnal Bull Ants Home
Authors: Freas Cody A , Narendra Ajay , Murray Trevor , Cheng Ken
Published: June 2024

For the first time in any animal, we show that nocturnal bull ants use the exceedingly dim polarisation pattern produced by the moon for overnight navigation. The sun or moon can provide directional information via their position; however, they can often be obstructed by clouds, canopy or the horizon. Despite being hidden, these bodies can still provide compass information through the polarised light pattern they produce/reflect. Sunlight produces polarised light patterns across the overhead sky as it enters the atmosphere, and solar polarised light is a well-known compass cue for navigating animals. Moonlight produces an analogous pattern, albeit a million times dimmer than sunlight. Here we show the first evidence that polarised moonlight forms part of the celestial compass of navigating nocturnal ants. Nocturnal bull ants leave their nest at twilight and rely heavily on the overhead solar polarisation pattern to navigate. Yet many foragers return home overnight when the sun cannot guide them. We demonstrate that these bull ants use polarised moonlight to navigate home during the night, by rotating the ambient polarisation pattern above homing ants, who alter their headings in response. Furthermore, these ants can detect this cue throughout the lunar month, even under crescent moons, when polarised light levels are at their lowest. Finally, we show long-term incorporation of this moonlight pattern into the ants’ path integration system throughout the night for homing, as polarised sunlight is incorporated throughout the day.
Özel Yetenekli Öğrencilerin Akademik Benlik Algılarında Büyük Balık Küçük Gölet Etkisi: Bir Sistematik Alanyazın Taraması
Authors: Ağaya Ayşıl , Tan Sema
Published: June 2024

Bu araştırmada özel yetenekli bireylerin akademik benlik algılarında BBKGE’nin etkisine yönelik ulusal ve uluslararası alanyazında yer alan çalışmaların sistematik olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla veri tabanları ve anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak taramalar yapılmıştır. Taramalarda ulaşılan çalışmalardan 16 makale dâhil etme ve hariç tutma kriterlerine göre bu araştırmada incelenmiştir. Belirlenen çalışmalar cinsiyet ve yetenek gruplamada BBKGE temaları altında incelenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuca göre genel olarak özel yetenekli öğrenciler için cinsiyet değişkeninin akademik benlik algılarında anlamlı farklılığıyla ilgili ve özel yetenekli öğrencilerin akademik benlik algısında BBKGE ilgili tutarlı sonuçlar bulunmamaktadır. Özel yetenekli öğrencilerin akademik benlik algılarında BBKGE dair ulaşılan sonuçlar alanyazınla tartışılmıştır ve yapılacak araştırmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur.
The Effect of Implementing Learning Models Cycle 7e on Mathematical Problems-Solving Ability
Authors: Hairini  , Kamid  , Anggereini Evita
Published: June 2024

This research was motivated by the low mathematical problem-solving abilities of students at Batanghari 15 State Junior High School, Jambi. This research aims to determine the effect of the Learning Cycle 7e learning model on students' mathematical problem abilities at Batanghari 15 State Junior High School. This research uses the quasi-experimental method, using a post-test-only control design. There are two groups, each of which is chosen randomly. The population of this research is all students in class VIII of Batanghari 15 State Junior High School for the 2023/2024 academic year, totalling 90 students and divided into four classes. In this research, the sample used was 50 students divided into two classes (experimental and control classes). The sample was determined using the Random Sampling technique. The data collection techniques used in this research were observation and mathematical problem-solving tests. This research indicates that the Learning Cycle 7e learning model is more effective in influencing problem-solving abilities than the direct learning model.
Heavy Metal Intake by Fishes of Different River Locations in Bangladesh: A Comparative Statistical Review
Authors: Sachchu Md. Mazedul Haque , Hossain Amir , Kobir Md. Mahmudul , Hoda Md. Durul , Ahamed Md. Raju , Lima Miss Nushrat Jahan , Eva Tanjina Nasrin , Alam Md. Ashraful
Published: June 2024

Bangladesh a nation with a high population density, gets all of the protein it needs from river fishes. The observation is very alarming that heavy metals polluted the major river water by the growing garment washing, dyeing and textile, fertilizer, cement, tannery, metal, electrochemical and pharmaceutical industries were the main culprits that don’t have proper effective effluent treatment plants (ETP). High-value heavy metals in industrial area river fish as chromium (Cr) 164.73 mg/kg in Heteropneustes fossilis (stinging catfish) at Buriganga River, Hazaribagh, zinc (Zn) 309.47 mg/kg in Mastacembelus armatus (Bain) fish at Bangshi river, Savar, copper (Cu) 26.33 mg/kg in Mastacembelus armatus (Bain) at Bangshi river, Savar, arsenic (As) 5.64 mg/kg in Heteropneustes fossilis (stinging catfish) at Bangshi river, Savar, lead (Pb) 18.16 mg/kg in Channa punctatus (Taki) at Buriganga river, Hazaribagh and cadmium (Cd) 2.03 mg/kg in Heteropneustes fossilis (stinging catfish) at Buriganga river, Hazaribagh were observed. The two rivers are identified as most contaminated by heavy metals one is the Bangshi River, Savar, Gazipur and another one Buriganga River, Hazaribagh. The main reason for the contamination of these two rivers was uncontrolled industrialization around Dhaka and in Hazaribagh, a huge number of tanneries have grown that use a huge quantity of Cr creating a threat to the ecosystem and even a serious health risk for humans. Heavy metals that fish consume are contaminating river water ecosystems. This contamination spreads to human bodies and is the cause of many serious ailments.
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Proteoglycan and Phosphatidylserine for Management of Knee and Hip Pain
Authors: Hansen MD Poul Aage , Buchard Hønnerup Nicoline Stampe , Sprunk-Jansen Kari-Nina
Published: June 2024

Aims: This study was designed to evaluate if combined oral administration of proteoglycan and phosphatidylserine (PG+PS) for 30 days would improve osteoarthritis symptoms in adults with moderate to severe knee and hip pain.
Study Design:  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Place and Duration of Study: Well-Come Fitness & Health Center (Copenhagen, Denmark), between September 2023 to November 2023.
Methodology: A total of 96 participants (65 female, 31 male, mean age 51 years, mean body mass index 25 kg/m2) were randomized to take 1 tablet/day of placebo (N=31), 12.5 mg proteoglycan (PG, N=32), or 12.5 mg proteoglycan + 60 mg phosphatidylserine (PG+PS, N=33) orally for 30 days. The change from baseline in physical performance was evaluated by stair climb test (SCT) and self-paced walk test (SPWT). Joint (knee and hip) pain prior to physical performance tests was evaluated by the change in visual analog scale (VAS) score (range 0-10).
Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in the change from baseline to Day 30 for the SCT and SPWT for PG+PS vs placebo and PG+PS vs PG (all P < .05). Statistically significant improvements in joint pain (VAS Score) were also observed for PG+PS vs placebo and vs PG. Improvements in physical performance and joint pain with PG+PS generally occurred during the first week of the study.
Conclusion: Combination administration of PG+PS for 30 days reduced joint pain and improved physical performance in adults with moderate to severe knee and hip pain. Additional studies to further validate these findings are warranted.
Effect of Different Levels of Zinc on Yield of Various Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Gupta Satya Prakash , Kumar Rajesh , Tripathi Ankur , Kumar Abhinav , Pandey Om Chandra , Ahamad Niyaj , Tiwari Deeksha
Published: June 2024

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different level of zinc on various variety of rice during two consecutive kharif seasons year 2022 and 2023 respectively. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four variety of rice (Sarju-52, NDR-2064, NDR-2065 and Swarna Sub-1) in Main plot. Each main plot was further divided in five Sub plot i.e (Control, Zn @ 2.5 kg/ha, Zn @ 5 kg/ha, Zn @ 7.5 kg/ha and Zn @ 10 kg/ha).the result recorded that the variety NDR 2065 maximum panicle length (24.8cm ,25.3), number of panicles m-2 ( 134.1, 137.5), number of grains per panicles (149.1 ,152.6), test weight (23.6g, 23.7g) grain yield (44.19, & 46.01) q ha-1,straw yield (67.31 & 70.13) q ha-1,and biological yield (111.50 &116.14) q ha-1during 2022 and 2023 respectively. Among Zn level Maximum value of yield attributes and yield was recorded under Zn @10 kg/ha which was at par with 7.5 kg/ha, and 5 kg/ha for number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, 1000 grain seed weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield during both years.
Development and Quality Analysis of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) Sweetmeat Blend with Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)
Authors: Shetye Vignesh Mahendra , Singh Devi , Wesley C. John
Published: June 2024

The present investigation was carried out at Post Harvest Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the year 2022-2024. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Under this experiment, overall, 8 treatments were taken and 3 replications of each to evaluate physio-chemical analysis, organoleptic properties and cost of formulation of Pineapple Sweetmeat at different storage days. The sweetmeat samples were stored at ambient temperature (28 ± 5 °C) for 45 days and results were noted after every 15 days intervals. On the basis of results obtained during the present investigation T6 (Pineapple 250gm/kg + Bottle gourd 750gm/kg + Jaggery was found superior in terms of Pineapple Sweetmeat on physio-chemical properties viz TSS, Acidity, Moisture and Ascorbic acid followed by T3 (Pineapple 500gm/kg + Bottle gourd 500gm/kg + Sugar) that was found to be superior in terms of Pineapple sweetmeat on all organoleptic tests viz. Colour and Appearance, Taste and Flavour, Body and Texture and Overall acceptability hence it was found that T6 and T3 were found to be superior in terms of physico-chemical properties and the maximum Benefit cost ratio (1.33) was found for T3 (Pineapple 500gm/kg + Bottle gourd (500gm/kg + Sugar). Hence T3 was found to be more superior followed by T6.
Response of Summer Groundnut Varieties as Influenced by Plant Geometry
Authors: Vishnu Priyanka Muthyala. Mohana , Singh Shikha , Lokesh Ommi
Published: June 2024

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) to study the “Response of summer Groundnut varieties as influenced by plant geometry”. The experimental treatments comprised of three types of Groundnut varieties vi, Kadiri-6, TAG-24, Kadiri Amaravathi and three different planting geometry viz, 30 cm x 15 cm, 35 cm x 15 cm, 45cm x 10 cm, forming total 9 treatment combinations each was replicated thrice and laid out in randomized block design. The results showed that the significantly highest plant height (37.78cm), maximum number of nodules/plant (125.77), highest plant dry weight (22.37 g), maximum number of pods/plant (30.20), maximum number of kernels/pod (1.50), higher seed index (32.20 g), higher seed yield (2.19 t/ha), higher haulm yield (5.20 t/ha), and higher harvest index (35.86%), shelling percentage (55.97%)was recorded in treatment 7 [Kadiri Amravati+ Spacing (30 cm x 15 cm)]. Similarly, maximum gross return (141650.00 INR/ha), net return (97386.00 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.20) was also recorded in treatment 7 Kadiri Amaravathi + Spacing (30 cm x 15 cm) as compared to other treatments. It was concluded that in Groundnut variety with the combination of Kadiri Amaravathi and spacing of (30cmx15cm) in Treatment-7 was recorded highest seed yield and B: C ratio.
Transforming Agriculture: Harnessing Robotics and Drones for Sustainable Farming Solution
Authors: Das Sushmita
Published: June 2024

The agricultural sector is facing unprecedented challenges due to increasing food demand, environmental degradation, and labour shortages, exacerbated by a burgeoning global population. To address these issues sustainably, the concept of "smart farming" utilizing advanced robotics and drones has emerged as a transformative solution. This review paper delves into the significant impact of these cutting-edge technologies on modern agriculture, focusing on their applications, benefits, challenges, and future prospects. Robotics in agriculture have advanced considerably, playing crucial roles in tasks such as tillage, seeding, crop protection, harvesting, and animal husbandry. The latest robotic systems are equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms, enabling them to perform complex tasks with high precision and efficiency. These technologies have the potential to enhance productivity while minimizing environmental impacts through precision farming techniques. Drones, similarly, have revolutionized precision agriculture with their applications in monitoring, spraying, mapping, and surveillance. The latest drone models are equipped with multispectral sensors, GPS technology, and AI-driven analytics, providing farmers with real-time data and actionable insights. This helps in optimizing resource use, improving crop health, and increasing yield while reducing environmental footprints. Despite these advancements, several challenges impede widespread adoption. High initial costs, technological learning curves, regulatory hurdles, and data security concerns remain significant barriers. Additionally, the integration of these technologies requires substantial infrastructure and training, which can be daunting for small-scale farmers. The paper emphasizes the need for strategic investments and supportive policies to overcome these challenges. Collaborations between technology developers, agricultural experts, and policymakers are crucial to drive innovation and facilitate the adoption of smart farming practices.  Robotics and drones hold immense potential to revolutionize traditional farming practices. By harnessing these technologies, the agriculture industry can achieve sustainable solutions, enhancing productivity and ensuring food security for the future. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state and future directions of smart farming, underscoring the pivotal role of robotics and drones in transforming agriculture.
Multiple Task Assignment Algorithms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Rub Abd Ur , Xuanmin Lu
Published: June 2024

To fulfill the requirement of assigning task the auction algorithm is widely used. There are many classical auction algorithms those performances not up to the mark while dealing with multi-UAVs dynamic task assignment. SWARM UAVs are made up of a large number of small UAVs with limited mission resources that can operate in an autonomous, appropriate and universal manner. Based on the in-depth research of the traditional auction algorithm CAA, this paper proposes an iterative method that can improve the task allocation efficiency of multi-UAV, namely the two-stage auction algorithm. At the same time, in order to improve the daily management of airborne computing and communication resources of UAV, this paper overcomes the difficulties caused by data coupling between task allocation and path planning, and proposes a decentralized task allocation algorithm, that is, UAV re-checks the unreasonable task allocation results within the task allocation cycle. This method has the advantages of algorithm security and unpredictability, and it can control the error of task assignment evaluation within a specific range through finite complexity calculation. Simulation results show that the algorithm is effective in computing efficiency and task execution efficiency.
Research Status and Development Trend of Mechanized Sand Production Process and Equipment Optimization
Authors: Nie Gaocheng , Zhang Yuyin , Wang Xintian , Fu Fangjia , Kang Liyan , Ma Junxu
Published: June 2024

With the continuous development of engineering construction industry, the demand for sand used in construction is increasing, the traditional natural sand is increasingly in short supply, and the demand for mechanical sand is increasing. The vertical shaft impact sand machine is an important equipment machine in the production process of mechanical sand. The rotor in the vertical shaft impact sand machine is the core part of the normal work of the sand machine. Studying the rotor in the vertical shaft impact sand machine can improve the efficiency and stability of the sand machine in the sand making process. Compared with the research results at home and abroad, the type and research direction of rotor structure are summarized, and the development trend of vertical shaft impact sand making machine is proposed.
Exploring the Benefits of e-Extension Tools: Perspectives from Extension Personnel
Authors: Singh Ritesh , Doharey R.K. , Meena N.R. , Singh Abhinav , Singh Smita , Singh Anurag Shankar
Published: June 2024

This study, conducted in Uttar Pradesh during 2023-2024, aims to evaluate the benefits of e-Extension tools among extension personnel in Uttar Pradesh, focusing on Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVKs) host by Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology (ANDUAT). Uttar Pradesh was selected purposively due to its high number of KVKs, totalling 89, and the study focused on those hosted by Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology (ANDUAT), which has the maximum number of KVKs in the state. Data were collected from 137 extension personnel using a Google Form questionnaire. The findings reveal a predominantly positive perception of e-Extension tools, with a majority recognizing their advantages in promoting communication, enhancing extension work, and providing quick access to agricultural information. Specifically, 67.15% of respondents perceived high benefits, while 26.28% perceived medium benefits, and only 6.57% perceived low benefits. Despite these positive perceptions, concerns were noted regarding the cost-effectiveness and ability of e-Extension tools to address all technical problems, as well as their impact on interpersonal relationships between extension personnel and farmers.
Morphology and thermal stability of cross‐linked silk fibroin microparticles prepared by the water‐in‐oil emulsion solvent diffusion method
Authors: Baimark Yodthong
Published: December 2011

In this work, the water‐in‐oil emulsion solvent diffusion method was developed as an alternative method for preparing cross‐linked silk fibroin (SF) microparticles. Aqueous SF solution and ethyl acetate were used as water and oil phases, respectively. Influence of cross‐linking on morphology and thermal stability of the SF microparticles were investigated. Genipin was used as a cross‐linker. The SF microparticles had spherical shape with smooth surface when Span80 was used as the oil‐soluble emulsifier. The SF in aqueous solution was cross‐linked with genipin before microparticle formation. Internal morphology of the SF microparticles observed on broken microparticles showed as sponge. The cross‐linking induced SF conformational changes from random coil to β‐sheet form. Porosity of the SF microparticle matrices decreased and thermal stability increased when the SF was cross‐linked and the degree of cross‐linking was increased. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the swelling and stability properties of chitosan–xanthan membranes
Authors: Veiga Itiara Gonçalves , Moraes Ângela Maria
Published: December 2011

The production of stable membranes formed by chitosan–xanthan complexation employing different polysaccharide concentrations and chitosan flow rates is described in this work. The membranes were characterized in terms of their morphology, thickness, maximum uptake capacity, and mass loss in physiological solutions, water drainage ability, and mechanical resistance. The results obtained show that it is possible to produce membranes with high swelling capacities and drainage ability (up to 61 g of H2O per gram of dry membrane and 5900 g m−2 day−1, respectively) without significant mass loss when exposed to aqueous solutions (maximum 13%). The membranes obtained at the chitosan solution flow rate of 300 mL h−1 had the most suitable mechanical properties. Increases in polysaccharide concentration produced higher water absorption and reduction in tensile strength at break. Therefore, the material obtained showed properties that suggest its promising applications as wound dressings or as scaffolds for animal cell cultures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of a prolonged and sustained drug delivery system: Linear polyacrylamide in poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/clay hydrogels
Authors: Jiang Yongmei , Li Biao , Chen Xiaojin , Zhu Meifang
Published: December 2011

In this contribution, a novel smart drug delivery system based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), clay, and linear polyacrylamide (PAAm) was developed for prolonged and sustained controlled drug release. Various amounts linear PAAm were incorporated into PNIPAAm/clay hydrogels. Resulting hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and compression measurements to investigate the morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties. The swelling ratio and response kinetics on heating or cooling were also investigated to understand the smart properties. Finally, bovine serum albumin (BSA), used as the model drug, was loaded into the hydrogels to examine and compare the effects of controlled release at different temperatures (20°C and 37°C). The result indicated that all the PNIPAAm/clay/linear PAAm gels showed good smart property with a higher swelling ratio and more complicated deswelling behavior. Although the compression properties of the resulting hydrogels decreased by incorporating the linear PAAm into the network of PNIPAAm/clay, they still showed high compression stress and excellent reversibility. BSA release behavior at 20°C and 37°C revealed that a prolonged release of BSA with the auto‐adjustable function to external temperature changes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Focused deposition of electrospun polymer fibers
Authors: Neubert S. , Pliszka D. , Góra A. , Jaworek A. , Wintermantel E. , Ramakrishna S.
Published: December 2011

Control possibility of the electrospinning process appears to be one of the most challenging tasks in the manufacturing of fibrous structures. At the same time, its versatility and simplicity make electrospinning one of the most popular nanotechnology method for the production of one‐dimensional nanostructures. In this study, focused electrospinning of nylon, polylactic acid‐copoly‐caprolactone (PLACL), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) fibers is thoughtfully studied. It has been found that electric field modification by electrostatic lenses, capillary‐nozzle tip‐to‐collector electrode distance, and polymer‐solvent composition are the critical parameters to achieve small deposition spots with good fibers quality. Upon optimization, nylon, PLACL, and PVC fibers deposition to fabricate a confined area with less than 4 mm, diameter and fibers stripes with a width of 0.15 mm are achieved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Span‐60‐based organogels as probable matrices for transdermal/topical delivery systems
Authors: Behera B. , Patil V. , Sagiri S. S. , Pal K. , Ray S. S.
Published: December 2011

The current study describes the preparation and characterization of thermoreversible span‐60 and sunflower oil (SO)‐based organogels as a matrix for drug delivery. Effect of gelator concentration on the properties of the organogels was studied by physical property evaluation, stability, light microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, thermal analysis, pH, and hemocompatibility studies. The drug release kinetics and antimicrobial efficacy of the salicylic acid loaded organogels were studied. The rate of gelation of the gels was found to be quicker in organogels with higher gelator proportions. The gels were inherently stable when stored below 25°C. The micrographs indicated the presence of needle‐shaped crystals which formed aggregates resulting in the formation of three‐dimensional networked structures. FTIR indicated intermolecular hydrogen bonding amongst SO and span‐60 molecules responsible for the gelation. There was an increase in the crystallinity and the melting point of the organogels as the proportion of the organogelator was increased. The pH of the organogels indicated nonirritant nature of the gels, which were also found to be hemocompatible. The release of SA from organogels followed Higuchian kinetics and showed prolonged antimicrobial activity. The preliminary results indicated that the organogels may be tried as a matrix for controlled drug delivery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the morphology and electrical properties of polyamide 6/polystyrene blends prepared via successive polymerization
Authors: Yan Dongguang , Yang Guisheng
Published: December 2011

In this article, polyamide 6/polystyrene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PA6/PS/MWNTs) nanocomposites were prepared via successive in‐situ polymerization. The effect of MWNTs on the morphology and electrical properties of polyamide 6/polystyrene (PA6/PS) blends was investigated in detail. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that MWNTs were selectively located at the interface of PA6 and PS. The interface‐localized MWNTs could act as compatibilizers, which resulted in the decreased size of PS domains in PA6 matrix and the delayed phase inversion of immiscible PA6/PS blends. The PA6/PS interface was continuous in the MWNTs‐filled (70/30) PA6/PS blends. Selectively located MWNTs at the continuous interface were connected with each other, which resulted in the establishment of a MWNTs conductive pathway in (70/30) PA6/PS blends. Electrical properties analysis indicated that the volume resistivity of (70/30) PA6/PS blends with 0.5 and 1.0 wt % MWNTs loading was decreased by about nine orders of magnitude. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012