bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Approaches to the Metallic and Non-Metallic Synthesis of Benzimidazole (BnZ) and Their Derivatives for Biological Efficacy
Authors: Patel Muhammad , Avashthi Gopal , Gacem Amel , Alqahtani Mohammed S. , Park Hyun-Kyung , Jeon Byong-Hun
Published: July 2023

Heterocyclic compounds are significant lead drug candidates based on their various structure–activity relationships (SAR), and their use in pharmaceutics is constantly developing. Benzimidazole (BnZ) is synthesized by a condensation reaction between benzene and imidazole. The BnZ structure consists of two nitrogen atoms embedded in a five-membered imide ring which is fused with a benzene ring. This review examines the conventional and green synthesis of metallic and non-metallic BnZ and their derivatives, which have several potential SARs, along with a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tubercular, and anti-protozoal properties. These compounds have been proven by pharmacological investigations to be efficient against different strains of microbes. Therefore, in this review, the structural variations of BnZ are listed along with various applications, predominantly related to their biological activities.
Single versus Double Coffee-Ring Effect Patterns in Thin-Layer Chromatography Coupled with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Anti-Diabetic Drugs Adulterated in Herbal Products
Authors: Minh Dao Thi Cam , Tram Le Thi Bao , Phong Nguyen Hai , Huong Hoang Thi Lan , Vu Le Van , Thi Le Anh , Anh Nguyen Thi Kieu , Ha Pham Thi Thanh
Published: July 2023

In thin-layer chromatography coupled with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TLC-SERS), the coffee ring effect (CRE) describes the formation of a ring-shape spot (blank in the middle and darker on the edge) caused by the aggregation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), alone (single CRE) or with the analytes (double CRE). In this work, the SCRE and DCRE were investigated in two anti-diabetic drugs, hydrophobic glibenclamide (GLB) and more hydrophilic metformin (MET). The SCRE occurred in GLB analysis, as opposed to the DCRE that occurred in MET. It was proven that for optimization of the TLC-SERS analytical procedure, it is necessary to distinguish the CRE patterns of analytes. Additionally, MET and GLB were analyzed with the developed TLC-SERS method and confirmed by another validated method using high-performance liquid chromatography. Four herbal products collected on the market were found to be adulterated with GLB or/and MET; among those, one product was adulterated with both MET and GLB, and two products were adulterated with GLB at a higher concentration than the usual GLB prescription dose. The TLC-SERS method provided a useful tool for the simultaneous detection of adulterated anti-diabetic herbal products, and the comparison of the SCRE and DCRE provided more evidence to predict CRE patterns in TLC-SERS.
TO STUDY CLINICO-RADIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND CORRELATION IN PATIENTS OF HIV WITH STROKE.
Authors: Raj Nishad Rakesh , P. Singh T. , Ali Arshad
Published: July 2023

Objective: Methods: To study clinico--radiological prole and correlation in patients of HIV with stroke. The study was carried out from
September 2019 to August 2021. The details were recorded in case sheets. HIV ELISA was performed in all admitted Patients and positive patients
was selected. HIV positive patient diagnosed clinically for CVA would be conrmed on the basis of NCCT HEAD/MRI brain ndings. Patient also
investigated for CD4 count to study correlation between CD4 count and stroke. Among 50 HIV Result: patients' stroke was more common in male
than female with 2:1 ratio, with predominance in younger population especially in age group 30-50 years with mean age for male 37.3 years, female
40.44 years and combined 38.44, stroke was more common with CD4 count less than 200, The most common stroke associated with lower CD4
counts is ISCHEMIC, the opportunistic infection increases the risk of stroke in HIV patients. In our study we concluded that stroke Conclusion:
was more common in those patients whose CD4 count <200 and this will further emphasize the role of ART in prevention of stroke in HIV patients.
The observation based on our study suggest that the patient should be compliant to ART for stroke risk reduction in future.
Dynamical complexities and chaos control in a Ricker type predator-prey model with additive Allee effect
Authors: Seralan Vinoth , Vadivel R. , Chalishajar Dimplekumar , Gunasekaran Nallappan
Published: July 2023

This work investigates the dynamic complications of the Ricker type predator-prey model in the presence of the additive type Allee effect in the prey population. In the modeling of discrete-time models, Euler forward approximations and piecewise constant arguments are the most frequently used schemes. In Euler forward approximations, the model may undergo period-doubled orbits and invariant circle orbits, even while varying the step size. In this way, differential equations with piecewise constant arguments (Ricker-type models) are a better choice for the discretization of a continuous-time model because they do not involve any step size. First, the interaction between prey and predator in the form of the Holling-Ⅱ type is considered. The essential mathematical features are discussed in terms of local stability and the bifurcation phenomenon as well. Next, we apply the center manifold theorem and normal form theory to achieve the existence and directions of flip bifurcation and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. Moreover, this paper demonstrates that the outbreak of chaos can stabilize in the considered model with a higher value of the Allee parameter. The existence of chaotic orbits is verified with the help of a one-parameter bifurcation diagram and the largest Lyapunov exponents, respectively. Furthermore, different control methods are applied to control the bifurcation and fluctuating phenomena, i.e., state feedback, the Ott-Grebogi-Yorke, and hybrid control methods. Finally, to ensure our analytical results, numerical simulations have been carried out using MATLAB software.
Professor Priyani Soysa
Authors: Warnasuriya Narada
Published: July 2023

No abstract available
Wan Kwai setzt auf Klarheit im Sortiment
Authors: Bender Ralf
Published: July 2023

Im Sortiment des Importhauses Wilms ist Wan Kwai die erste eigene Marke. Entsprechend hoch sind die Erwartungen und der Wille zum Erfolg.
Aspects regarding the level of education of the adult population
Authors: Angheluţă Sorin Petrică , Dobre Florin , Diaconu Amelia , Dinu Mihai , Platagea Gombos Svetlana
Published: July 2023

Occupancy rates can be increased by applying as flexible learning pathways as possible. Acquiring and updating skills, knowledge and competencies is a necessity required by technological changes in the economy. Thus, graduates need to be better prepared, as their access to new jobs can be restricted if they have a low level of skills. Starting from the structure of the adult population in the Member States of the European Union, the article presents an analysis of the level of education of the adult population.
Employment in the Republic of Moldova in the context of the implementation of the national employment strategy 2017-2021
Authors: Vaculovschi Dorin , Dogaru Raisa
Published: July 2023

Principala problemă cu care se confruntă piața muncii din Republica Moldova în prezent este nu atât șomajul, cât nivelul jos al ocupării forței de muncă. Or, diminuarea drastică a indicatorilor ocupaționali denotă situația precară în care se află nu numai piața muncii din Republica Moldova, dar şi economia națională în ansamblu. Articolul analizează impactul ultimei Strategii de ocupare asupra pieței muncii.
The impact of constitutionalism on direct and representative democracy in the rule of law
Authors: Zaporojan Veaceslav , Zaporojan Corina
Published: July 2023

The development of direct and representative democracy, as the essence of the rule of law, imposes the need to exercise political activities based on the Constitution, but also a control of political activities exercised by the rulers - constitutionalism. Constitutionalism, through the control of constitutionality, allows society to exercise verification of governance measures. Constitutionalism exercises differently the assessment of the sovereignty of the people in the direct and representative execution of the rulers of democracy. The research evaluates through the historical prism of applying the constitutional law and controlling the constitutionality of the processes of exercising direct and representative democracy in developing democracies, such as the Republic of Moldova, in relation to developed democracies. The study found the application of direct democracy to the adoption of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic in France unacceptable. In comparison, the study considered inadmissible the adoption of a law to revise the Constitution through the direct exercise of sovereignty, as attempted in Moldova in the absence of a procedure directly regulated by the Constitution, supported by the indirect agreement of the Constitutional Court. The positive and intense political application, including publicity, of this procedure, guided the people of the Republic of Moldova, through their great thought, to ignore this initiative without even 1/3 of the voters running in the referendum.
Individual entrepreneur - a subject of an active research in terms of affairs of the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Grâu-Panțureac Maria
Published: July 2023

Individuals can engage in entrepreneurship through small businesses that are easy to manage and do not involve major investments. Subjects of entrepreneurial activity which are people, either individually or in various organizational and legal forms, who are engaged in entrepreneurial activity, i.e. have acquired, through registration or otherwise established by law, the status of entrepreneurs. The legislation grants natural persons the right to engage in entrepreneurship through the following legal forms of organization: a) individual entrepreneur; b) household; c) holder of a patent. In this Article, we will refer to the individual entrepreneur as well as the individual who can do business. The purpose of this research is to carry out a multifaceted analysis of the subject under investigation, i.e. the individual entrepreneur as well as the natural person entitled to start a business and to carry out the entrepreneurial activity in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Moldova. Research methods. The basic method used to find the sources needed for the study, as well as for the interpretation and systematization of the latest concepts and ideas was the bibliographic method. At the same time, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization were used in the research, which created objective, true visions about the principles of legal responsibility and its functional structure. At the same time, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization etc. used in the research created objective, true visions about the principles of legal responsibility and its functional structure. Research results. Following the research of the proposed objectives we have managed to analyze the individual entrepreneur in several aspects: definition of the norm, formation and registration, scoring of distinctive features, advantages and disadvantages, as well as ways of shutdown.
The challenges of social-economic and organizational reform and its implications- the Republic of Moldova at 30 years of independence
Authors: Movileanu Pavel , Movileanu Veronica
Published: July 2023

Perioada de tranziţie a Republicii Moldova de la economia dirijată (planificată) la cea liberă (democratică) în ultimii 30 de ani a fost marcată cu mai multe lucruri: a veniturilor, a volumului producţiei industriale şi agricole apariţia noilor ramuri în economie şi mai ales scăderea dramatică a populaţiei. Referindu-ne la perioada anilor 1991 în republică învăţau, activau, aveau locuri de muncă, se conducea statul având o politică economică internă şi externă echilibrată cu cele cca 4 milioane de cetăţeni, care în ultimii 30 de ani au scăzut aproximativ în jumătate. Din ţară au plecat aproape jumătate din ei. Fiecare astăzi poate pune întrebarea: Cine şi cum a guvernat această ţară în ultimii 30 de ani? A fost, este şi va fi lupta tuturor cetăţenilor pentru nivelul înalt de viaţă în care în prin plan fiecare înaintează asigurarea salariilor şi pensiilor. Practic, în timp de 20 de ani nu a crescut numărul muncitorilor. Dacă în anul 1991 salariul mediu în Republica Moldova era cca 450 ruble lunar, echivalent la aproape 2000 lei de astăzi, ulterior veniturile lor reale în ultimii 10 ani până în 2001 au rămas neschimbate. Se poate de mai întrebat, dar pe cine, din ce cauză au plecat moldovenii în diferite ţări a Europei? Moldovenii au simţit că în ţară sistemul economic nu este dirijat dar a rămas în haosul democraţiei şi nici o şansă moldovenii nu vedeau ca acest sistem economic să fie reanimat. În acelaşi timp cei care au rămas în ţară au moştenit o agricultură cu care nu se putea face nimic şi cu industrie agroalimentară care nu puteai spune că-i industrie anume aceste situaţii care au creat o sărăcie în ţară practic i-au determinat pe oameni să părăsească ţara. Speranţa lor era pierdută. Au supravieţuit cu cea mai mizer salariu în mărime de 2000 lei pe lună.
Psychological services sales management
Authors: Райлян Елена , Варбан Ирина
Published: July 2023

The article highlights the features of the management of sales of services, in particular, psychological services. Effective management of sales of psychological services is based on the study of the market situation, competent segmentation of clients, thoughtful positioning of the psychologist, planning the concept of sales and mastering the technology of effective sale.
Legal sciences in the context of research and development in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Cuciureanu Gheorghe
Published: July 2023

Științele juridice au un rol important în cercetarea doctorală, număr mare de publicații științifice la nivel național, dar o vizibilitate internațională foarte redusă, caracterizându-se prin predominarea clară a doctoranzilor cu frecvență redusă și a celor care își finanțează studiile, particularități care nu totdeauna sunt asociate cu cercetări performante în Republica Moldova.
Data librarian: need, skills and abilities
Authors: Lupu Viorica
Published: July 2023

The Big Data phenomenon is causing major changes in the library and information science. Academic libraries need to develop research data services. Here is approaching the significance of the data librarian, his skills and abilities. The results can be used for the qualification requirements required for the position of data librarian.
دراسة تأثير المبيد الحشري( الكلوربيريفوس) على الحيوانات المنوية في الفئران البيضاء
Authors: عبد السميع زينب مختار
Published: July 2023

استهدفت هذه الدراسة معرفة تأثير المبيد الحشري العضوي الكلوربيريفوس على الحيوانات المنوية في الفئران البيضاء حيث تم إعطائها جرعه واحدة  من المبيد 1/30) LD50).  2مجم/كجم .عن طريق الفم بمعدل 20 فأر /جرعة  . أوضحت النتائج وجود نقص معنوي ملحوظ في وزن الخصى مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة ، كما ثبت من نتائج تقييم الحيوانات المنوية عن وجود نقص معنوي في أعداد الحيوانات المنوية  وفي معدل الحركة في المجموعة المعالجة مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة .أما الفحص الظاهري للحيوانات المنوية فقد كشفت الدراسة عن زيادة نسبة التشوهات الخلقية للحيوانات المنوية المأخوذة من البربخ حيث ظهرت أنواع متعددة من تشوهات في الرأس والذيل .
What Are the Benefits of Government Assistance with Household Energy Bills? Evidence from Ukraine
Authors: Alberini Anna , Umapathi Nithin
Published: July 2023

On February 24, 2022, Russian Federation troops invaded Ukraine. Ukraine was previously at war with Russia in 2014, and in April 2015, the government abruptly raised the natural gas tariffs to residential customers. It also scaled up its energy assistance program, the HUS. We examine the welfare effects of the HUS. Using Ukraine’s Household Budget Survey, we find that after the tariff hike, the average household that did not receive the HUS spends 11% of its income on electricity, gas, and fuels, meeting the definition of "fuel poor." The average share among households that do receive the subsidy is [Formula: see text]. The HUS cuts the rate of fuel poverty in half and brings considerable consumer surplus gains (6% of income), at a price tag of 1-2.5% of GDP. Meaningful savings would be achieved with only a moderate loss of consumer surplus if the HUS was cut in half. Social tariffs or replacing the HUS with a one-time energy efficiency subsidy would be sustainable and entail modest or no welfare losses.
The Influence of Threat Emotion, Brand Trust, and Electronic Word of Mouth on Online Fashion Product Purchase Decisions on the Zalora Site
Authors: NyomanRusmiati Ni , Purnami A.A. Sri
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of threat emotion, brand trust, and electronic word of mouth on purchasing decisions for online fashion products on the zalora buying and selling site. The sampling technique was carried out by non-probability sampling method with a sample of 100 respondents. The population was carried out using purposive sampling where the respondents were men and women who had made transactions on the Zalora site. The results of this study are expected to be important information for Zalora regarding consumer purchasing decisions so that they can evaluate and develop strategies related to factors that can improve customer purchasing decisions for fashion products online on the Zalora website. The analysis technique was carried out using multiple regression analysis. The results of the F test show that the independent variables consisting of threat emotion, brand trust, and electronic word of mouth simultaneously have a significant effect on purchasing decisions for online fashion products on the zalora site. Furthermore, the results of the t test show that the threat emotion, brand trust, and electronic word of mouth variables individually have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions for online fashion products on the zalora site.
Beyond Memory in H.M., The World’s Most Famous “Hippocampal Amnesic”
Authors: G. MacKay Donald
Published: July 2023

Patient H.M. (Henry Moliason) suffered a wide range of cognitive deficits attributable to the damage to his hippocampal formation but not to his well-established deficits in the ability to recall newly encountered facts, events, names, and objects, which formed the basis for his early diagnosis as a “hippocampal amnesic.” Among Henry’s “non-memory” or cognitive deficits that this chapter reviews are his impaired ability to create new and grammatical sentence plans, to identify who-did-what-to-whom in novel sentences and to understand and read aloud novel sentences containing familiar words that he understood without difficulty in isolation, but not in novel sentence contexts such as metaphors. Also reviewed are his deficits in detecting novel forms concealed within complex visual arrays, in identifying anomalous objects in novel visual scenes, in detecting and describing what makes captioned cartoons funny, and in combining familiar concepts into new and useful ideas. The chapter concludes by relating Henry’s non-memory deficits to fundamental questions of this book, for example, What is the role of the hippocampal formation in human memory and cognition? And how does the hippocampal formation work?
APPLICATION OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM COVID-19 (the case of the Pskov region)
Authors:   Pskov State University, Ivanova Natalya V. , Samarkin Alexander I. ,   Pskov State University, Belov Vladimir S. ,   Pskov State University
Published: July 2023

Apart from biomedical and organizational issues, the emergence of the new coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, set large-scale tasks for creating and improving mathematical and information technologies that operate spatial data in statistical analysis and forecasting. The regional level is seen as a suitable choice for spatial analysis of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality due to the availability of statistics, as well as data on geographical patterns, characteristics of the distribution space (population density, concentration in one city, density of the transport network, distance to the focus of the disease, etc.). The case of the Pskov region shows that the regional healthcare system experiences a significant shortage of personnel and a noticeable lack of resources. When assessing the existing and prospective healthcare infrastructure, it is advisable to take these points into account while developing an effective, evidence-based healthcare policy. The article shows that graph-based models are more likely to be efficient for adequate modeling at the interregional and regional level, while the geographical distribution of patients should be taken into account for the analysis of processes in individual settlements.
FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITY OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: PROSPECTS FOR MAINTAINING THE GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE OF SUPPLIES
Authors:   Kaliningrad State Technical University, Novikova Anna A.
Published: July 2023

In 2022, the term “unfriendly countries / territories” was introduced as a “new” criterion for differentiating countries participating in foreign economic activity. Given the fact that about 30 % of national budget is formed by the foreign economic activity, the assessment of the prospects for maintaining the existing supply geography becomes expedient. The article divides the subjects into four groups, taking into account the “new” criterion which determines the level of contribution of “unfriendly” countries to the total volume of exports and imports of Russian regions. The first group included the regions whose volume of interaction with “unfriendly” countries is more than 50 % of the total volume of their imports and exports. The second one brings together the entities whose volume of interaction with “unfriendly” countries is more than 50 % of their total imports and lower than 50 % of their total exports. The third group consists of the entities whose import volume with “unfriendly” countries is lower than 50 % of their total import volume, and the export volume is higher than 50 % of their total export volume. The fourth group includes the regions whose volume of interaction with “unfriendly” countries is lower than 50 % of the total volume of their imports and exports. The highest indicators of maintaining the geographical structure of deliveries are expected primarily from the participants included in the fourth group.
Case Study on Power Generation from Agrivoltaic System in India
Authors: Patel U. R. , Gadhiya G. A. , Chauhan P. M.
Published: July 2023

This study evaluates the performance of a 7.2 kWp SPV power plant that was installed in the field of the REE department of the College of Agriculture Engineering and Technology, JAU, Junagadh (21.5 N, 70.1 E). According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the SPV power plant's performance was evaluated. The power plant was properly observed for whole year. Average system efficiency, capacity factor, and overall performance ratio were found to be 80.83%, 16.03%, and 12.07% respectively during the experiment. Total 10104.77 kWh were produced during the experimental period. The performance of this Agrivoltaic system is produce equivalent solar power as it is from PV systems installed.
Green, Water-Based Synthesis of ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Criado Denise , Zúñiga Alejandro , Pepinelli Antonio
Published: July 2023

We report on the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures using a simple, green, waterbased process, without the aid of any chemical precursor or external energy source. Zinc plates were immersed in deionized water and kept at ambient conditions in a dark cabinet for up to 21 days. After immersion, the reaction products were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. After short immersion times (1-3 days), ZnO agglomerates with a high concentration of oxygen defects were formed, which overlapped along the c axis to form ZnO nanoflowers. After long immersion times (21 days), ZnO microswords with smooth surfaces, well-defined tips, and less oxygen defects were formed. This low-cost, low-energy synthesis process is an attractive alternative to produce ZnO nanostructures with low impact on the environment.
Management Policy for Oil and Gas Sector of Bojonegoro Regency Government in Kang Yoto Era
Authors: Danugroho Agus , Yusfira Fitria
Published: July 2023

This study aims to understand policy strategies employed by the "Kang Yoto" Government in managing oil and gas sector and its implications for economic resilience of Bojonegoro Regency. The changes in economic resilience after being led by Regent Kang Yoto as well as its relation to management of oil and gas sector is an interesting topic to be investigated. Based on the VOSViewer software, there is a limited amount of analysis conducted on oil and gas management regulations. Therefore, this study employs policy-making theory within the decentralization framework using descriptive qualitative analysis with the assistance of NVIVO 12 Plus data software. The results show that the realization of economic resilience during Kang Yoto era is achieved through the issuance of Regional Regulation Number 23 of 2011. Furthermore, the transparency and accountability of the Local Government are identified as the main factors contributing to the increase in regional economy. This demonstrates the interconnectedness between oil and gas management, as well as the implemented regulations.Keywords: Bojonegoro Oil and Gas, Regional Autonomy, Economic Resilience, Kang Yoto Era

AbstrakKajian ini bertujuan untuk memahami strategi kebijakan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintahan “Kang Yoto” dalam mengelola sektor migas dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan ekonomi Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Perubahan ketahanan ekonomi setelah dipimpin oleh Bupati Kang Yoto serta kaitannya dengan pengelolaan sektor migas menjadi topik yang menarik untuk ditelaah. Berdasarkan perangkat lunak VOSViewer, terdapat sedikit analisis yang dilakukan terhadap peraturan pengelolaan minyak dan gas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan teori pembuatan kebijakan dalam kerangka desentralisasi dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif deskriptif dengan bantuan perangkat lunak data NVIVO 12 Plus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perwujudan ketahanan ekonomi pada era Kang Yoto dicapai melalui penerbitan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 23 Tahun 2011. Selanjutnya, transparansi dan akuntabilitas Pemerintah Daerah diidentifikasi sebagai faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan perekonomian daerah. Hal ini menunjukkan keterkaitan antara pengelolaan migas, serta peraturan yang berlaku.Kata Kunci: Migas Bojonegoro, Otonomi Daerah, Ketahanan Ekonomi, Kang Yoto.
STUDY OF ROLE OF UPPER G.I SCOPY IN PATIENTS OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING
Authors: Sheth Dhruvesh , Patel Dhaval , Goswami Malay
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: In the era of modern technology development also seen in medical eld especially in surgical instrumentation, development of exible endoscopy made the visualisation of upper and lower gastro intestinal tract for various conditions easier and now Gastroenterology eld is difcult to image without endoscopy. Upper GI scopy, Upper Gastrointestinal Scopy also referred to as Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD), is a procedure that allows a doctor to examine the state of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis and management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic sclerotherapy has been the most successful and safest procedure in the management of rst bleeding of oesophageal varices. Methods: A prospective study was conducted of 90 patients in Narendra Modi Medical College (L. G. Hospital, Maninagar, Ahmedabad) during the period from May 2022 to April 2023. All patients were indoor and OPD patients with age between 20 to 70 years and haemoglobin below 10. Each patient was studied in detail with relevant clinical history, examinations, laboratory investigations and management. Results: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding was more common in males than in females and the mean age in this study was 41 years with the range falling from 20 to 70 years with 57% were alcoholics and smokers. Peptic ulcer disease (43.3%) was the most common cause of upper GI bleeding followed by varices (33.3%). All the cases of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage secondary to oesophageal varices were subjected to endoscopic sclerotherapy with 1% sodium tetradocylsulphate which controlled the initial bleeding in 76% of cases. Gastric ulcers with bleeding were subjected to biopsy through endoscopy. Conclusion: Upper GI scopy was very useful in locating the site of bleed in all the cases, for taking biopsy for histopathological study in suspicious cases of pathological lesion and for sclerotherapy in cases with variceal bleeding. Endoscopic sclerotherapy has been found to be most successful and safe procedure in the initial arrest of bleeding due to oesophageal varices with least complications.
Giovanni Semeria e il cristianesimo di concorrenza
Authors: Pivato Stefano
Published: July 2023

To the Church at the beginning of the 20th century, sport comes to represent a way to open up to the world outside. This is why it comes to take on an educational configuration in compliance with the traditional Catholic code. This meant that sport came to represent not just a factor of “the Catholic step into” social life, but a contributory to religious formation as well.
The Marginal Woman
Authors: Al-Adba Alreem M. , Abouelomrin Malak Y.
Published: July 2023

Representations of female characters are prone to marginalization and misrepresentation in films and TV series. This chapter examines how two female representations in Disney's children's movie Mulan (1998) and Netflix's teenage Spanish series Elite (2018) resonate with the concept of the marginal man. This study draws on the concept of the marginal man developed by Robert Park, which was introduced in The Stranger by Georg Simmel (1908). It refers to the state of a person who is not determinedly affiliated with a dominant community. This chapter contributes to the scholarship about the marginal man by conceptualizing the marginal woman as a prototype of a social oddity. In what ways do these characters portray the notion of marginal woman? The female characters in Mulan and Elite are discussed as manifestations of the marginal woman who are deemed strangers by their own communities.
Ethnic Diversity and Public Good Provision in India
Authors: Sengupta Jhumur
Published: July 2023

In political economy literature, it is argued that the personal objectives of politicians differ from the public policies sought by the voters. In order to win elections, politicians sometimes get motivated to do interest group politics, which leads to social discrimination. Therefore, what determines public good provision by a government in a democratic set up? Social heterogeneity encourages governments in interest group politics and targeted transfers. Using panel data on Indian states for different years, the relationship between ethnic diversity and public good provision is tested along three measures of diversity along caste, language, and religion lines. The main conclusion of the empirical analysis of the chapter is that ethnic diversity is negatively associated with public good provision in some cases but the relationships are sometimes negative along all the three dimensions of ethnicity.
The impact of Thai-Laos border trade during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of the Nong Khai Customs House in Thailand.
Authors: Panyasit Kamoltip , Singhavara Montri , Rangsungnoen Grid , Poo-Udom Aunchistha , Panyasit Somsuay , Wangsathian Supreeya
Published: July 2023

The aim of this research was to examine the effects of Thai-Laos border trade during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020 in Mueang Nong Khai District, Nong Khai Province, Thailand. A Case Study of the Nong Khai Customs House. This was qualitative research with a sample group of 20 merchants and transport operators on the Thai-Laos border, using an in-depth interview as a study tool. Use content analysis to analyze the data and present the findings with descriptive statistics. According to the findings, the economic impact of the Nong Khai customs house had an increased export value of approximately 37.26% compared to 2020, because most of the products exported can be transported by truck. Nevertheless, the import value decreased compared to 2021 due to the epidemic of the COVID-19 virus, which caused individuals and enterprises to be uncertain about the country's economic status, resulting in a decrease in the import of high-priced goods for domestic sales. The socio-cultural impact is minimal in this area since the people continue to follow the traditional ways of life and culture according to their religion as usual. The political impact the government has passed legislation to block the first Thai-Laos Friendship Bridge, preventing people from entering and departing the nation via the Nong Khai customs house. There is less impact on the trade of consumer goods through the border, but individuals and enterprises have adapted by changing the distribution channel to online. There are also measures to help people by reducing duty rates and exempting customs duties from the government.
Avaliação da normalidade, validade dos testes de médias e opções não-paramétricas: contribuições para um debate necessário
Authors: Carvalho André Mundstock Xavier de , Matsuo Éder , Maia Marcelo da Silva
Published: July 2023

A experimentação é uma importante base metodológica para as inovações no setor agrícola. Apesar disso, vários aspectos podem ainda ser aperfeiçoados nas análises estatísticas clássicas utilizadas nas pesquisas agrícolas. O objetivo desta revisão foi discutir alguns elementos conceituais e resultados de pesquisas sobre a validade de testes estatísticos usualmente aplicados na experimentação e apresentar algumas recomendações que podem melhorar a qualidade das análises comumente empregadas no âmbito dos modelos fixos. São apresentados elementos úteis para a discussão sobre os testes de médias, sobre a avaliação da condição de normalidade e sobre opções não-paramétricas de análise. O entendimento das hipóteses estatísticas e dos subtipos de erro tipo I, por exemplo, pode auxiliar numa melhor interpretação de resultados e na escolha do teste de médias. Algumas dúvidas sobre a avaliação do requisito de normalidade dos resíduos, aqui exploradas, também podem auxiliar pesquisadores num melhor uso das ferramentas estatísticas paramétricas. Por fim, apresenta-se um fluxograma de decisão geral e uma breve discussão exemplificada sobre algumas opções de análises não-paramétricas, com ênfase nas diferenças entre os métodos clássicos e os métodos baseados em modelos generalizados.
La discriminación y la vulneración del derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad en las Fuerzas Armadas, 2021-2022
Authors:   , Salinas Rojas Geraldine Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación afrontó el tema de la discriminación y la vulneración del derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad del personal militar de las Fuerzas Armadas, debido a que son sancionados con medidas disciplinarias por mantener relaciones sentimentales con personal militar de distinta jerarquía reconocida por la Ley de cada Institución Armada. El objetivo general de la investigación fue el determinar en qué medida la discriminación contribuye en la vulneración del derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad del personal militar. Se aplicó el método de investigación cuantitativa, utilizando la técnica de cuestionario (encuesta), la cual se realizó a 50 efectivos militares de las Fuerzas Armadas, lo que permitió recabar información relevante sobre la problemática. Asimismo, de la realización del cuestionario conformado por 16 preguntas donde se observó que el 68.00% estaba totalmente de acuerdo que la discriminación y la vulneración del derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad ocasiona un grave daño al personal militar. Por último, se concluyó que la discriminación contribuye en la vulneración del derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad, porque lesiona los derechos fundamentales del personal militar; es decir, la libertad de decidir como conducir su vida privada, al sancionarlos por mantener relaciones amorosas y sexuales libremente con quién ellos deseen, vulnera su autonomía y dignidad, porque perjudica su independencia y su respeto, afecta su vida estrictamente privada, al tener injerencia en su derecho de intimidad, entre otros derechos humanos del personal militar de las Fuerzas Armadas; derechos que se encuentran amparados por nuestra Constitución, las normas nacionales y las normas internacionales.
The intrinsically disordered C‐terminus of purinoceptor P2K1 fine‐tunes plant responses to extracellular ATP
Authors: Sowders Joel M. , Jewell Jeremy B. , Tripathi Diwaker , Tanaka Kiwamu
Published: July 2023

P2K1 is a plant‐specific purinoceptor that perceives extracellular ATP (eATP), a signaling molecular implicated in various physiological processes. Interestingly, P2K1 harbors a C‐terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR). When we overexpressed a truncated P2K1 (P2K1t) lacking the IDR, primary root growth completely ceased in response to eATP. We investigated the functional roles of the IDR in P2K1 using a combination of molecular genetics, calcium imaging, gene expression analysis, and histochemical approaches. We found that the P2K1t variant gave rise to an amplified response to eATP, through accumulation of superoxide, altered cell wall integrity, and ultimate cell death in the primary root tip. Together, these observations underscore the significant involvement of the C‐terminal tail of P2K1 in root growth regulation.
Revisiting Hole Injection in Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lei Shiyun , Xiao Yuanyuan , Yu Kanglin , Xiao Biao , Wan Ming , Zou Liyong , You Qingliang , Yang Renqiang
Published: July 2023

Injecting holes from the hole transport layer (HTL) into the quantum dot (QD) emitting layer in quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) is considered challenging due to the presence of a relatively high hole injection barrier at the HTL/QD interface. However, QLEDs with exceptional brightness and efficiency are achieved, prompting a reevaluation of the traditional hole injection mechanisms. This study examines the hole injection mechanism in QLEDs using a combination of experiments and simulations. The results demonstrate that the applied bias significantly reduces the barrier height between the highest occupied molecular orbital level of the HTL and the valence band (VB) of the QDs, facilitating hole injection. The bending of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level of the HTL at the HTL/QD interface confines electrons within the QD, effectively minimizing leakage current. Additionally, the triangle‐shaped potential barrier arising from the bending of the VB energy level of the QDs creates favorable conditions for hole–tunneling injection. Moreover, both simulations and experiments consistently demonstrate that the predominant pathway for hole injection from the HTL to the QDs in the QLED device involved thermally assisted tunneling. This study is important to understand the hole injection mechanism in QLEDs.
Impact of conversion surgery after chemotherapy in patients with initially unresectable and recurrent biliary tract cancer
Authors: Nakamura Ikuo , Hatano Etsuro , Baba Hideo , Kamei Keiko , Wada Hiroshi , Shimizu Junzo , Kanai Masashi , Yoshimura Kenichi , Nagano Hiroaki , Ioka Tatsuya
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Gemcitabine, cisplatin, and S‐1 chemotherapy was superior to gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy for progression‐free survival and overall survival for unresectable and recurrent biliary tract cancer in a randomized phase III trial (KHBO1401). This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of conversion surgery after chemotherapy in biliary tract cancer patients (ancillary study, KHBO1401‐3C).

Methods

A total of 246 patients were enrolled in KHBO1401. We compared progression‐free and overall survivals between the conversion surgery and non‐conversion surgery groups.

Results

Eight patients (3.3%) underwent conversion surgery with chemotherapy, seven of whom were diagnosed with unresectable disease and one with recurrence. Six and two patients received gemcitabine, cisplatin, and S‐1 chemotherapy as well as gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy, respectively. Three patients in the conversion surgery group who received gemcitabine, cisplatin, and S‐1 chemotherapy showed no disease progression and survived without postoperative chemotherapy. Preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) level was a prognostic factor for conversion surgery. After correcting for immortal time bias, 1‐year progression‐free survival rates in the conversion surgery and non‐conversion surgery groups were 50.0% and 19.0%, respectively (hazard ratio 0.343, 95% confidence interval 0.286–0.843, p = 0.0092). One‐year overall survival rates in the conversion surgery and non‐conversion surgery groups were 87.5% and 56.0%, respectively (hazard ratio 0.222, 95% confidence interval 0.226–0.877, p = 0.0197).

Conclusions

Conversion surgery might be an option for the treatment of unresectable and recurrent biliary tract cancer in patients with normal preoperative CA19‐9 level.
Cleaner production of cellulose nanocrystals and calcium sulfate whiskers: Process design and life cycle assessment
Authors: Zhang Lei , Gao Xue , Huang Renliang , Cui Mei , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin
Published: July 2023

The commercialization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is currently limited by its environmental impact of high water consumption and brine wastewater generation. Here, a combined process integrating the production of CNCs and calcium sulfate whiskers (CSWs) was proposed to achieve complete utilization of the waste acid, and the corresponding environmental performance was evaluated by life cycle assessment (LCA). Accordingly, we prepared fibrous CSWs with an average length of 309 μm and an average aspect ratio of 57 under optimum conditions. The LCA results demonstrated the superior environmental performance of the combined process, especially for CNC production, and the impact values reduced by 45.6% on average. Moreover, the cost of producing 20 g of CNCs decreased from 3.04 CNY (traditional process) to 1.66 CNY (combined process). Therefore, this combined production process is eco‐efficient and economically scalable for the industrial production of CNCs.
Secular trends and spatial network effect on the height of Chinese adult adolescents from 1985 to 2019
Authors: Zhou Zhidong , Maimaiti Sigandan , Li Chengyue , Zang Liuhong
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To understand the distribution and secular trends of Chinese adult boys and girls and investigate their spatial network effects and determinants of spatial network effects.

Methods

Our study extracted data of 18‐year‐old boys and 17‐year‐old girls in China from the national students fitness and health survey reports in 1985, 2000, 2010, and 2019. A total of 89 839 participants were selected. The growth range and growth rate in each period were calculated. A neighborhood relationship network was created to share the common boundary.

Results

During the period 1985–2019, the average height of Chinese 18‐year‐old boys increased from 168.19 to 172.14 cm, and that of 17‐year‐old girls increased from 156.97 to 160.17 cm (all p trend <.05). Both boys and girls showed significant correlations in first‐ and second‐level neighbors (all p < .05) with the most significant correlations in first‐level neighbors (all p < .001). But there were no significant correlations in third‐level neighbors. Height of girls and boys in each region was correlated with gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, urbanization rate, population density, longitude, and latitude. After controlling for factors with significance, only the initial regional height of girls in 2000 was positively correlated with first level neighborhood (p < .05).

Conclusion

Since 1985, the heights of Chinese boys aged 18 and girls aged 17 have been increasing and the increases accelerated. Height is related to nearer neighbors. After controlling GDP per capita, urbanization rate, population density, longitude and latitude, the correlations has almost disappeared.
Cationic Iridium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Nonami Reina , Kishino Yu , Yamasaki Tomokazu , Kanemoto Kazuya , Iwai Kento , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Shibatomi Kazutaka , Shirai Tomohiko
Published: July 2023

Practical synthetic applications of catalytic decarboxylation in producing useful molecules are limited. We report herein the cationic Ir‐catalyzed decarboxylations of various electron‐rich and ‐poor aromatic carboxylic acids to produce hydrocarbons in good yield (up to >99%). Additionally, this reaction is applicable in decarboxylative hydroarylation of bicyclic alkenes and decarboxylative fluorination, indicating the potential utility of this catalytic decarboxylation in synthetic chemistry.
Has the Covid‐19 pandemic jeopardized firms' environmental behavior? Bridging green initiatives and firm value through the triple bottom line approach
Authors: Karman Agnieszka , Prokop Viktor , Giglio Carlo , Rehman Fazal Ur
Published: July 2023

The Covid‐19 pandemic has caused a significant decline in stock markets worldwide, and organizations are experiencing serious financial problems. Protecting and preserving firm value are critical ways to help organizations survive the crisis. This study analyzes a sample of 45 firms listed on the Polish Stock Market in two periods to determine the relationship among green initiatives, the triple bottom line (TBL) perspective, and firm value in the periods before and during the crisis caused by the Covid‐19 pandemic. The results show that firms with higher green initiatives are more likely to obtain better TBL performance during the normal period. Economic and social dimensions of TBL positively influence firm value regardless of the period, but the same is not true of the ecological dimension. The Covid‐19 pandemic's negative impact on investors' perception does not translate to firm value. This study provides the first empirical evidence on the value of organizations affected by the Covid‐19 pandemic in the context of environmental management. By considering the TBL approach, this study provides a new boundary condition that explains the impact mechanism of green initiatives during a crisis.
Adaptive σ aromaticity in the rhenacyclopropene rings
Authors: Deng Qianqian , Zhu Jun
Published: July 2023

Species generally exhibit one‐state aromaticity either in the lowest singlet state (S0) or the lowest triplet state (T1) according to the Hückel's and Baird's rules. Hence, it is rare for species exhibit two‐state aromaticity in both the S0 and T1 states (termed as adaptive aromaticity), let alone adaptive σ aromaticity. Here, we report adaptive σ aromaticity in unsaturated rhenacyclopropene rings via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Various aromaticity indices including NICS, ACID, EDDB together with isodesmic reactions support the adaptive σ aromaticity in these rhenacyclopropene rings. As the T1 state of these species is formed by the ππ* excitation, the σ‐aromaticity of these three‐membered rings in the S0 state could hold in the T1 state. In addition, the aromaticity effect of the fused rings is also examined. Our findings expand the family of adaptive σ aromaticity, enriching the metallaaromatic chemistry.