bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-injection thrombophlebitis in patients undergoing peripheral IV catheterization in a tertiary care hospital: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Rai Pranjal , Thati Vinaykumar , Ghag Geeta , Nandu Vipul
Published: March 2020

Background: Intravenous catheters cause endothelial damage and trauma, which can predispose to venous thrombosis. Peripheral vein infusion thrombophlebitis occurs in 25- 35% of hospitalized patients with intravenous catheters and has both patient-related implications (e.g., sepsis) and economic consequences (e.g., extra nursing time). This study is designed to address this issue, by assessing the potential risk factors in those who have developed phlebitis, and deriving conclusions based on the same.

Methods: A total of 830 patients were observed over a period of 2 months. All details of the patient were collected. Thrombophlebitis was graded using Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score. Each case was compared with a matching control.  

Results: 53 of 830 patients observed, developed thrombophlebitis giving an incidence of 6.4%. 92.5% had IV cannulation flushed after insertion. IV cannula had to be changed at least 2 times during the hospital stay. All had an average IV cannulation for 5 days. All had insertion of same size cannula (20G). Level 1 Phlebitis was identified in 64.15% patients, level 2 Phlebitis in 33.96% patients and Level 3 Phlebitis was seen 1.88% patients.

Conclusions: Significant association was noted between the number of times the catheter was changed since admission and administration of Potassium chloride and Certain Medications such as Piperacillin through the cannula.
Bienestar espiritual en el ámbito hospitalario: aportes para la humanización en salud
Authors: Gómez Ramírez Olga Yaneth , Henao Castaño Angela María , Fuentes Ramírez Alejandra , Díaz Heredia Luz Patricia , Molano-Pirazán María Luisa
Published: March 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar el bienestar espiritual (BE) del personal de enfermería y su aporte ético a la humanización en salud. El método seguido corresponde al enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. El muestreo es no probabilístico, constituido por 148 enfermeros de dos instituciones de salud de la ciudad de Bogotá (A y B). Se aplicó instrumento SHALOM-3 para medir el bienestar espiritual (disonancia y armonía) en los dominios personal, trascendental, ambiental y comunal. En cuanto a los resultados, la evaluación del BE mostró un alto porcentaje de armonía en las dos instituciones; sin embargo, se encontraron porcentajes de disonancia en la institución B, en los dominios trascendental (16 % vs 22 %), ambiental (12 % vs 19 %) y personal (11% vs 18%). Se destaca la importancia del Bienestar Espiritual para la humanización de los servicios de salud en el ámbito hospitalario, dado que contribuye a la mejora continua y a la garantía de calidad, preocupaciones relevantes para la bioética en el estudio del clima ético en las instituciones de salud.
Improving Roma participation in European early childhood education systems through cultural brokering
Authors: Klaus Sarah , Siraj Iram
Published: March 2020

The Roma are Europe's largest minority ethnic group, yet too few Roma achieve a level of education that enables them to secure employment or positive life chances. Gaps in their attainment compared to other ethnic groups start to appear in the earliest years, with Roma participating
in early education at half the rate of their peers. The European Commission has established expectations to increase participation rates, but change is painfully slow. Institutionalized discrimination and poverty underpin many structural factors, such as shortages of preschool places and unaffordable
fees and costs, that are in a large part responsible for the low participation of Roma in early education. Yet multiple reports highlight cultural barriers as an additional significant challenge for Roma families, and recommend employing Roma as teaching assistants to bridge cultural differences.
This article presents evidence from two qualitative studies that explore the impact of employing Roma in early childhood settings. The first, a survey conducted in the 21 European countries with the largest Roma populations, establishes current hiring trends and motivations for hiring Roma
early childhood education staff, and estimates that at least 40,000 additional Roma staff are needed to ensure their proportionate representation in the workforce. The second uses case study methodology to capture learning from Serbia and the UK, where introducing Roma assistants is helping
to bridge cultural barriers to Roma participation in early education. The article concludes with the observation that the social inclusion of Roma will also require interventions that start well before children enter formal education.
Informal patriotic education in Poland: Homeland, history and citizenship in patriotic books for children
Authors: McDermid Catriona
Published: March 2020

This article uses a critical discourse analysis approach to observe themes and patterns in eight non-fiction books about Polish patriotism for children. The books are commercially available in mainstream bookshops, and may be used in a range of home or educational settings. In a social
and political context where the concept of patriotism has a long history of use by various powerful elites to legitimize their positions and political actions, and where approaches to teaching patriotism in schools have been widely discussed, the article compares themes emerging from the books
with patterns in wider social and political discourse, as well as considering what messages and assumptions are revealed in the texts themselves. The analysis finds that, while most of the authors try to associate themselves with a modern and inclusive type of patriotism, they also tend to
reproduce certain assumptions that favour exclusionary or hierarchical understandings as to who has the right to be recognized as a member of the national community.
Young Europeans' constructions of a Europe of human rights
Authors: Ross Alistair
Published: March 2020

This article argues that many young people (11 to 19) in Europe articulate a construction of their identity that includes a European element. This articulation is often initially made in instrumental terms, but through deliberative discussion can move to become more idealistic. The
data is drawn from over 300 small discussion groups across 29 European countries, and it suggests that the 'specific risks' to European values described by the Council of Europe in 2011 are not held by the younger generation. Contemporary and local political events were used in discussion
to construct ideas of Europe as representing, for them, a relatively unique phenomenon of a group of countries who they felt shared similar conceptions of human rights, and who sought to enforce them. These included the acceptance of diversity (in terms of sexuality, gender and ethnicity),
of freedom of expression within particular limits, of the obligations of countries to organize social services, and of participation in democratic processes. Discussion groups were held over the 2010 to 2016 period. The methodology adopted was particularly non-directive, and each discussion
moved according to the interests of the group, so no quantitative analysis of this phenomenon is possible; but the overall impression is of a generation of young people who largely express support for rights-based societies, and reject intolerance, nationalism and authoritarian behaviours.
The methodology used may have potential pedagogic implications.
Powerful knowledge, myth or reality? Four necessary conditions if knowledge is to be associated with power and social justice
Authors: Alderson Priscilla
Published: March 2020

Can knowledge be powerful and, if so, what forms do knowledge and power take? The view of some social realist curriculum theorists that power exists in academic theories although not in everyday understanding is questioned. Power is taken to exist through social positions, and to involve
control over resources, decisions and change. Critical realist analysis suggests that four conditions are necessary if knowledge is to be associated with power: the known, the knowers, the social contexts and the practical application of knowledge. Questions are considered about how today's
schools can promote learning and social justice.
What Do Indigenous Education Policy Frameworks Reveal about Commitments to Reconciliation in Canadian School Systems?
Authors: Wotherspoon Terry , Milne Emily
Published: March 2020

The national Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada has challenged governments and school boards across Canada to acknowledge and address the damaging legacies of residential schooling while ensuring that all students gain an adequate understanding of relations between Indigenous Peoples and non-Indigenous peoples. This article explores the dynamics and prospects for effective change associated with reforms in elementary and secondary education systems since the release of the Commission’s Calls to Action, focusing on the policy frameworks employed by provincial and territorial governments to guide these actions. The analysis examines critically the overt and hidden messages conveyed through discourses within policy documents and statements. The key questions we address include: What do current education policy frameworks and actions regarding Indigenous Peoples reveal about government approaches to education and settler–Indigenous relationships in Canada? To what extent is effective reconciliation possible, and how can it be accomplished in the context of institutional structures and discourses within a White settler colonial society? The findings reveal that substantial movement towards greater acknowledgement of Indigenous knowledge systems and incorporation of Indigenous content continues to be subordinated to or embedded within Western assumptions, norms, and standards.
Interpretations of Prices by Russian Consumers: From Trust in State to Economic Autonomy
Authors: Berdysheva Elena S.
Published: March 2020

On the data of 63 in-depth interviews conducted in crisis 2014–2017 and post-crisis 2018–2019 and analyzed in the framework of sociological cognitivism and the new economic sociology, the article reconstructs semantic logics being used by Russian consumers when they interpret money prices. It is assumed that in a market society, reactions to prices are associated with an individual’s identity, while doubts about price legitimacy may give a key to threats and dynamics of social order. The text starts with conceptualization of the socio-cultural, political and identical embeddedness of consumers’ price perception and description of the field study performed in the methodology of grounded theory. After that, four empirically rooted logics of price interpretation — moral, demonstrative, market justice and prudence — get presented. Special attention is paid to the competition between these logics and the difficulties faced by Russians, when they attempt to master a more mature in terms of market price grammar consumer identity, corresponding to the post-crisis economy of prudence, individual responsibility and sustainability.
“I didn't help you in any way...”: Research Reflection After a Failed Interview
Authors: Omelchenko Elena L.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the complex and critical moments of interfacing and / or mismatch of ethical and professional principles and skills of the sociologist that occur during the fieldwork concerning difficult, sensitive issues. The balance of permissible boundaries of intrusion into the personal spaces and the principles of voluntariness may conflict with the researcher’s obligations during the interview, and possible risks for the informant — with the preservation of the safe (physical, psychological) space of the researcher. This conflict is considered as part of the sociologist's emotional work in the course of direct communication with informants, as well as the experience and reflection before and after the conversation, that constructs sociologist’s professional identity as a whole. The article critically examines the permissible limit of the researcher's impartiality, the ability to breed personal and professional “Self” in the study of vulnerable (dependent) group or individual in difficult life situation. In this article, we are talking about life experience research of people undergoing rehabilitation (physical, psychological, social) in one of the public centers (NGOs) to help people recently released from local colony and found themselves in extreme social loneliness.
Linking science-based firms with performance factors
Authors: Setti Andrea
Published: March 2020

Science-based firms (SBFs) are venture or corporation based on the development and commercialization of scientific discoveries that are exposed to the unique challenge to handle together business and science. Despite extensive efforts in the attempt to identify those factors that lead to the success of an SBFs the adoption of different definitions and names resulted in a lack of comprehensive picture on the determinants of SBFs' performances. With the objective to review the extant literature on SBFs’ performances and to understand what are the most appropriate parameters to evaluate an SBF, a systematic literature review adopting a comprehensive definition of SBFs was performed. The review, adopting an integrative approach, identified 30 papers published in top journals whose research questions deal with the determinants of SBFs' performances. Findings showed that determinants widely used such as net income within profitability measures, do not fully reflect SBFs performances and innovation abilities should be further investigated. Moreover, preconceived factors such as location and size have low or no impact on SBFs which opens the debate for more investigation. Also, the review identifies a comprehensive and multi-level set of determinants which allows delineating a number of research questions to be addressed in future research.
Job resources, job demands, uncertain working environment and employee work engagement in banking industry
Authors: Kenyi Tabitha Eliaba , John Ludo Bosco
Published: March 2020

Employee engagement is the key factor in any success in the organization’s growth, quality, and good performance. This study conducted to shed insights on the effect that job resources, job demands, and uncertain working environments have an impact on the banking industry in South Sudan. The study focused on addressing the following objectives: To find out the relationships between job demands, job resources and employee engagement in the context of South Sudan; to explore the role of uncertain working environment on employee work engagement. We received the final responses from a sample of 160 employees. The quantitative research technique was used by analyzing our data via SPSS software. The study found that job resources positively affect employee work engagement, job demands had a negative significant influence on the relationship between job resources and employee work engagement. The uncertain work environment also negatively moderates job resources and work engagement relationships.
The impact of economic freedom on foreign portfolio investments
Authors: Mangal Tricia Karen , Liu Day-Yang
Published: March 2020

The present phenomena of globalization and market liberalization have attracted considerable attention from foreign investors. Several member states of the Caricom Single Market and Economy are becoming heavily dependent on foreign investments. Consequently, this study intends to investigate the effect of economic freedom on foreign portfolio investments in the case of the Caricom Single Market and Economy. For this purpose, this study has used data from 2012 to 2016. The results of the stationarity test showed that data of all variables considered in the study are stationary at level. Moreover, the fixed-effect model better modeled the data as suggested by the results of the Hausman test. Based on the results of the fixed effect models, economic freedom has a significant and positive effect on the total foreign portfolio investments. Therefore, an increase in economic freedom among the Caricom Single Market and Economy member countries will attract more investors to invest in their country stocks and debt instruments. Furthermore, for the robustness of the results, the study has also estimated a separate regression model for foreign debt portfolio investments and foreign equity portfolio investments which also support the baseline regression results and showed a significant and positive effect of economic freedom on both foreign debt and foreign equity portfolio investments. This study suggests that the member countries of the Caricom Single Market and Economy improve their economic freedom which will attract foreign investors to invest in their countries.
Properties of steel fiber self-compacting concrete incorporating quarry dust fine powder
Authors: Apeh Joseph Abah , Ameh Juliet Eyum
Published: March 2020

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) has great potentials as it offers several environmental, economic and technical benefits. Moreover, the use of fibers extends its possibilities since fibers arrest cracks and retard their propagation. Incorporation of Quarry Dust (QD) in SCC help to reduce environmental hazards during the production of QD. This study evaluated the fresh and hardened properties of steel fiber self-compacting concrete (SFSCC) incorporating QD. The optimum fiber and QD contents with no adverse effects on fresh and hardened properties were determined. A comparative study on behavior of SCC and SFSCC mixtures in terms of workability, compressive strength, compressive strength development ratio, tensile, flexural and energy absorption capacity was carried out. Test results showed that compressive strength increased with increase in QD contents at fixed fiber content by mass of Portland cement (PC) and then decreased. Strength development ratio (C28/C7) for SCC was 1.13, while it was 1.06, 1.08, 1.10 and 1.01 after reinforcing with 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 contents of fiber. The compressive, tensile, flexural and energy absorption capacity or Toughness of SFSCC increased with the inclusion of the aforementioned contents of steel fiber up to 0.20 % volume of total binder at constant QD content and then decreased when compared with control SCC values. From these results, optimum value for the variables studied was obtained from mix QD20 + 0.2fr. Hence, steel fiber and QD could be successfully used in SCC production not minding the slight draw back on workability of SCC caused by inclusion of steel fiber, but with a modified dosage of super-plasticizer (SP), fresh and hardened properties, in accordance with specifications in relevant code(s) can be achieved.
Destructive and non-destructive testing of bronze-waste tire-concrete composites
Authors: Bahtlı Tuba , Özbay Nesibe Sevde
Published: March 2020

In this study, the effects of finely-milled bronze and waste tire on the mechanical properties of concrete have been investigated. Approximately 2.5% and 5% by weight for each additive (bronze sawdust and waste tire) were added to dry concrete. The open porosity, density, compressive strength values of cured concrete have been determined. In addition, the Schmidt rebound hammer (SRH) and the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests, which are non-destructive test methods, were applied. The microstructure and fracture surfaces of these materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the density of pure concrete was 2.35 g/cm3 while the density was 2.19 g/cm3 for a C+5%B+5%T material. Similarly, pure concrete had an almost three times better compressive strength and a two times better SRH value than those of the C+5%B+5%T material. The density and mechanical properties of concrete materials containing bronze and waste tire decreased due to micro crack formations, weak bonding and deep cracks forming especially between the concrete and additives.
An investigation on determining optimum wall ratio–cost relationship of shear walled reinforced concrete buildings
Authors: Erkan İbrahim Hakkı , Doğan Talha Polat , Arslan Musa Hakan
Published: March 2020

Reinforced concrete walls are very efficient structural elements in terms of carrying the lateral loads that are expected to affect the structures during the service of the buildings. These elements, which are not used for economic reasons in buildings designed in areas with low seismic hazard, can actually provide a significant increase in performance with a very small increase in construction cost. In this study, a total of 9 building models have been created and the relationship between optimum reinforced concrete wall ratio and cost on these buildings has been investigated. The design and analysis of the models were carried out according to the criteria specified in TSC 2018. Three different structural systems specified in TSC 2018 were used in the designed models. These structural systems used; RC frame structures, RC wall-frame structures and RC wall structures. These structures were analyzed by Response Spectrum Method which is linear analysis method and base shear forces were obtained. Then, push-over analysis, which is a nonlinear analysis method, was applied to obtain the base shear forces that the structure can actually carry. After the analysis, the quantities of materials to be used for the construction of the structural systems of the models were calculated and current manufacturing prices and rough costs were calculated. In order to compare the obtained costs with the structural performances, nonlinear shear forces and linear shear forces ratios were calculated and the over strength factors were calculated for each model. In the light of the data obtained from the studies in the literature, when the over strength factors and cost values are examined together, it is concluded that the optimum design for the conditions specified in TSC 2018 will be provided with the RC wall ratio between 0.001 - 0.0016. It is concluded that lateral load carrying capacity of construction increases up to 650% by increasing the construction cost by 17% for the designed models.
The Life and Times of Lilian Lee: An Analysis of Lee's Screenplays From Psychological and Stylistic Perspectives
Authors: Zhang Weixiao
Published: March 2020

Lilian Lee, a novelist and screenwriter, is a prominent figure in the Hong Kong film industry and literary circles. Her unique writing style has earned her wide acclaim. Most of her works feature romances, fantasies or mysteries, showing her creative imagination. However, she didn't let love stories and supernatural elements overshadow the full picture she depicted. Instead, she further explored themes such as gender identity, sexual orientation and feminism, and dug deeper into a broad range of topics including mortality, fatality, history and patriotism. She revealed the complexity of human nature and the inner conflicts her characters underwent through incisive remarks and heart-rending stories. Her best-known works include Farewell My Concubine, Green Snake, Rouge and Kawashima Yoshiko, all of which are considered masterpieces, representing a milestone in the history of Asian cinema. Farewell My Concubine remains the only Chinese-language film to win both the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It was included in Time's list of "All-Time" 100 Movies in 2005. Rouge had 16 nominations and awards at the Hong Kong Film Awards and the Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival. It also earned Lee the Hong Kong Film Award for Best Screenplay. The critical and commercial success of these films is largely attributed to Lee's screenwriting, and the success of her screenwriting rests on her relatively fixed writing mindset. This article focuses on screenplays written by Lilian Lee and analyzes her construction of plot, narrative techniques and her writing mindset and style, by exploring the influence of her personal experience, aesthetic preference, writing habits, and her cultural, social and educational background on her works.
A Systematic Review of Contract Farming, and Its Impact on Broiler Producers in Lebanon
Authors: Kozhaya Rodrique
Published: March 2020

This review has been realized within the agribusiness sector and experiments the Transaction Cost Theory a branch of the New Institutional Economy which explain market failure caused by many factors. Transaction costs are associated with carrying a transaction between buyers and sellers. This study has been conducted between 2014 and 2017; and has collected data from 11 broiler producers in Jezzine, Lebanon, about: Production costs, capital investment, revenues, land tenure, access to infrastructure, and information about the contract. The propensity score matching method is used to compare the effect of participating in contract farming and to solve the hypotheses, which say: There is a positive relationship between contract farming and the economic benefits of broiler producers and the development of the broiler sector in Jezzine District. Findings from farmer’s interviews indicated that sustainability, guaranteed price, risk reduction, credit facilities and technical aids are the main reasons for signing a contract. In contrast, Farmers have expressed problems concerning the contractors’ responsibilities such as delay in payment and delivery. Also, when prices are high, it was argued that farmers were selling the products in the open market.
Leveraging Open Hardware to Alleviate the Burden of COVID-19 on Global Health Systems
Authors: Baden Tom , Maia Chagas Andre , Molloy Jennifer , Prieto Godino Lucia
Published: March 2020

With the current rapid spread of COVID-19, global health systems are increasingly overburdened by the sheer number of people that need diagnosis, isolation and treatment. Shortcomings are evident across the board, from staffing, facilities for rapid and reliable testing to availability of hospital beds and key medical-grade equipment. The scale and breadth of the problem calls for an equally substantive response not only from frontline workers such as medical staff and scientists, but from skilled members of the public who have the time, facilities and knowledge to meaningfully contribute to a consolidated global response. Here, we summarise community-driven approaches based on Free and Open Source scientific and medical Hardware (FOSH) currently being developed and deployed to bolster access to personal protective equipment (PPE), patient treatment and diagnostics.
Quantum Electromagnetic Finite-Difference Time-Domain Solver
Authors: Na Dong-Yeop , Chew Weng Cho
Published: March 2020

We employ another approach to quantize electromagnetic fields in the coordinate space, instead of the mode (or Fourier) space, such that local features of photons can be efficiently, physically, and more intuitively described. To do this, coordinate-ladder operators are defined from mode-ladder operators via the unitary transformation of systems involved in arbitrary inhomogeneous dielectric media. Then, one can expand electromagnetic field operators through the coordinate-ladder operators weighted by non-orthogonal and spatially-localized bases, which are propagators of initial quantum electromagnetic (complex-valued) field operators. Here, we call them QEM-CV-propagators. However, there are no general closed form solutions available for them. This inspires us to develop a quantum finite-difference time-domain (Q-FDTD) scheme to numerically time evolve QEM-CV-propagators. In order to check the validity of the proposed Q-FDTD scheme, we perform computer simulations to observe the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect resulting from the destructive interference of two photons in a 50/50 quantum beam splitter.
Fold-change-Specific Enrichment Analysis (FSEA): Quantification of Transcriptional Response Magnitude for Functional Gene Groups
Authors: Wiebe Daniil S. , Omelyanchuk Nadezhda A. , Mukhin Aleksei M. , Grosse Ivo , Lashin Sergey A. , Zemlyanskaya Elena V. , Mironova Victoria V.
Published: March 2020

Gene expression profiling data contains more information than is routinely extracted with standard approaches. Here we present Fold-change-Specific Enrichment Analysis (FSEA), a new method for functional annotation of differentially expressed genes from transcriptome data with respect to their fold changes. FSEA identifies GO terms, which are shared by the group of genes with a similar magnitude of response, and assesses these changes. GO terms found by FSEA are fold-change-specifically (e.g. weakly, moderately or strongly) affected by a stimulus under investigation. We demonstrate that many responses to abiotic factors, mutations, treatments and diseases occur in a fold-change-specific manner. FSEA analyses suggest that there are two prevailing responses of functionally-related gene groups, either weak or strong. Notably, some of the fold-change-specific GO terms are invisible by classical algorithms for functional gene enrichment, SEA and GSEA. These are GO terms not enriched compared to the genome background but strictly regulated by a factor within specific fold-change intervals. FSEA analysis of a cancer-related transcriptome suggested that the gene groups with a tightly coordinated response can be the valuable source to search for possible regulators, markers and therapeutic targets in oncogenic processes. Availability and Implementation: FSEA is implemented as the FoldGO Bioconductor R package and a web-server https://webfsgor.sysbio.cytogen.ru/ .
Waterflood Relative Permeabilities in Composite Cores
Authors: Huppler J. D.
Published: March 2020

JPT Forum

When cores longer than about 3 in. are desired for waterflood testing, it is common to assemble a composite core from a set of short core pieces. Long composite cores reduce the importance of capillary effects such that lower flooding rates can be used. Composite cores are also useful where end effects would invalidate results from tests on individual short cores. The assumptions made in using such a composite core for waterflood testing are that all the core sections:

have nearly identical relative permeability curves, are homogeneous and isotropic, and have nearly identical connate water and residual oil values.

It is further assumed that there is good contact between sections and that the flooding rate is high enough to make capillary pressure effects unimportant in all core sections.

When these assumptions are met, we can make several assertions based on analysis of the one-dimensional, two-phase flow equations. The water-saturation distributions throughout a flood are the same in a composite core as in a single homogeneous core having the average properties of the composite, no matter what ordering of core sections is used in the composite. Production histories are also the same for any ordering of core segments. Thus experimental waterflood relative permeability ratios may be quite accurate for any ordering.

The individual-phase relative permeability curves calculated from composite waterflood data may be in error.
Specialists Share Knowledge of Sand-Control Methods
Authors: JPT staff _
Published: March 2020

Five leading authorities on sand-control methods discuss specific technology applications and practices.

Sand-control solutions create a variety of questions and challenges. In this question-and- answer session, a panel of five experts on the subject of sand control tackle some of the most frequently posed problems, including how to choose a sand-control method, important perforating methods and initial steps, comparing openhole completions with cased and perforated completions, causes of skin damage and how to reduce or eliminate them, challenges of horizontal sand-control completions and specific procedures, and the best way to judge the performance of a sand-control method.

Mitch Cornette, SPE, with Sonat Exploration Co. in Houston, has been heavily involved with completions and sand control for 17 years. He has 19 patents in the area of sand control and production operations and is currently chairman of the Completion Engineering Assn.

Derrel G. Gurley, SPE, is a petroleum engineer with more than 25 years' experience in completing wells that produce sand. He was a 1990-91 SPE Distinguished Lecturer and spoke on "Sand Control-A State-of-the-Art Review," addressing gravel-pack carrier fluids, slurries, prepacking techniques, downhole equipment, numerical model studies, matched density pack particles, and horizontal and extended-reach gravel-pack techniques.

Since joining Amoco Production Research Co. in 1971, George King, SPE, has been involved in research into acidizing, damage removal, water control, sand control, horizontal well completions, all phases of chemical well stimulations, mechanical workovers, and perforating. He has completed basic research on unstable chalk and sandstone formations, foam stimulation fluids, and asphaltene sludges, and provides technical assistance as one of Amoco's specialists in several areas of stimulation and well completion.

Jackie McLarty, SPE, is a technical specialist with Halliburton Energy Services. She has a BS degree in chemical engineering from Mississippi State U. and has been involved in sand-control R&D and technical services for 11 years.

Jean Weingarten, SPE, is a staff engineer with Arco Alaska Inc. in Anchorage. She previously worked for Arco E&P Technology in Plano, TX, where she conducted laboratory work and analysis to develop and apply methods for predicting sand production.
A community-based randomized trial for the prevention and control of brucellosis among rural populations in Iran: application of the PRECEDE planning model
Authors: Jahangiry Leila , Khazaee-Pool Maryam , Babazadeh Towhid , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Ponnet Koen
Published: March 2020

Background: Brucellosis is one of the most frequently occurring zoonotic diseases of veterinary and a public health problem in developing countries. It affects human and animal health and has measurable effects on the productive and reproductive performance of livestock. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to develop a community-based intervention program for brucellosis prevention and control. A two-arm parallel cluster randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of the program over six months in a rural population in Ahar, East Azerbaijan, Iran. A total of 16 village health houses were randomly allocated to the intervention and the control groups (eight per arm), and 400 participants were recruited via household health records in the health houses. The PRECEDE model, which is an acronym for Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation, was used to design, implement, and evaluate the brucellosis prevention and control program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, environmental enabling, and behavioral factors were measured at the baseline and the six-month follow-up. A generalized mixed effects model was used to analyze data.
Results: The mean ages (SD) of the intervention and control group respondents were 35.9 (11.87) and 37.28 (11.04) years, respectively. After the six-month intervention, significant between-group differences were found on all PRECEDE variables, adjusted for education, history of brucellosis, and family history of brucellosis.
Conclusion: There is a need to consolidate collaborative health and veterinary sector efforts, as well as increase regular vaccination practices and financial resources to support farmers willing to slaughter animals and/or offer slaughter facilities. The present study was able to demonstrate which educational and ecological factors influence behaviors and environments related to brucellosis and, as such, provide evidence of the effectiveness of interventions based on the PROCEDE model.
Team-based learning versus traditional didactic lectures in teaching clinical biochemistry; learning outcomes and student satisfaction: a case control study at King Abdul Aziz University
Authors: Alamoudi Aliaa A. , Alsawwa Lana Adey , Gad Hoda , Tekian Ara
Published: March 2020

Background: Team-Based Learning (TBL) which encourages students to become active rather than passive learners has gained world-wide popularity in medical education due to its proven positive effect on more than one aspect of the educational process. At King Abdulaziz University (KAU), clinical biochemistry is still taught in the form of didactic lectures, and while there is a need for introducing active learning, student learning response from TBL has not been explored. Methods: In our case-control study, we compared learning outcomes and student satisfaction in a clinical biochemistry course taught either via TBL to second year Clinical Nutrition students (n= 33) or via traditional lectures to same year Nursing students (n=70). The same summative post-course exam was given to both student groups to assess impact on learning. Focus group discussion and a self-administered questionnaire were used to gain insight into Clinical Nutrition students’ level of satisfaction with TBL. Results: In the post-course exam results of recall and reasoning questions, Nursing students scored an average of 38%±2.4 in the recall questions while Clinical Nutrition students scored higher with an average of 74.5%±4.3 (p<0.0001). In reasoning questions, Nursing students scored lower than Clinical Nutrition students, 23%±2.7 versus 40%±4.2 respectively (p<0.001). In comparing results of pre- and post-test recall questions within each group, there was no significant difference between pre- and post-results for Nursing students while Clinical Nutrition students showed a significant increase in post- versus pre-test results of 71% versus 41% (p<0.0001). In the final summative post-course exam, Nursing students scored an average of 60% ±2.4 while Clinical Nutrition students scored significantly higher with an average of 78%±2.4 (p<0.001). Qualitative studies revealed that accountability and team-work were positive aspects perceived by students regarding TBL and 84% of surveyed students enjoyed the experience while self-study was their main challenge. Conclusion: TBL proved to be a successful, learner-centered approach for Clinical Nutrition students at KAU in their clinical biochemistry course resulting in improved learning outcomes and higher student satisfaction when compared with traditional didactic methods of teaching.
Exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus type 2 (exJSRV2) related to ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in Romania: prevalence, anatomical forms, pathological description, immunophenotyping and virus identification
Authors: Toma Corina , Bâlteanu Valentin , Tripon Septiumiu , Trifa Adrian , Rema Alexandra , Amorim Irina , Pop Raluca Maria , Popa Roxana , Catoi Cornel , Taulescu Marian
Published: March 2020

Background. Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a neoplastic disease caused by exogenous Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (exJSRV). The prevalence of JSRV-related OPA in Eastern European countries, including Romania is unknown. We aimed to investigate: the prevalence and morphological features of OPA (classical and atypical forms) in Romania, the immunophenotype of the pulmonary tumors and their relationships with exJSRV infection.
Methods. Lung tumors from 34 slaughtered adult ewes were grossly evaluated. Cytology, histology, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and DNA testing were subsequently performed.
Results. Out of 2693 examined sheep, 34 had OPA (1.26% prevalence). The diaphragmatic lobes were the most affected. Grossly, the classical OPA was identified in 88.24% of investigated cases and the atypical OPA in 11.76% that included solitary myxomatous nodules. Histopathology results confirmed the presence of OPA in all suspected cases, which were classified into acinar and papillary types. Myxoid growths (MGs) were diagnosed in 6 classical OPA cases and in 2 cases of atypical form. Lung adenocarcinoma was positive for MCK and TTF-1, and MGs showed immunoreaction for Vimentin, Desmin and SMA; Ki67 expression of classical OPA was higher than atypical OPA and MGs. JSRV-MA was identified by IHC (94.11%) in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells of OPA. ICC and TEM also confirmed the JSRV within the neoplastic cells. ExJSRV was identified by PCR in 97.05% of analyzed samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the exJSRV type 2 in Romanian sheep affected by lung cancer and showed a high similarity with the UK strain (AF105220.1).
Conclusions. In this study, we confirmed for the first time in Romania the presence of exJSRV in naturally occurring OPA in sheep. Additionally, we described the first report of atypical OPA in Romania, and to the best of our knowledge, in Eastern Europe. Finally, we showed that MGs have a myofibroblastic origin.
Another piece on the Zika puzzle: assessing the associated factors to microcephaly in a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Author) Luciana Guerra Gallo(Former Corresponding , Martinez-Cajas Jorge L , Peixoto Henry Maia , Pereira Ana Carolina Esteves da Silva , Carter Jillian E , McKeown Sandra , Shaub Bruno , Ventura Camila V. , de França Giovanny Vinicius Araújo , Pomar Leo , Ventura Liana O. , Nerurkar Vivek R. , de Araújo Wildo Navegantes , Author) Maria P. Velez(New Corresponding
Published: March 2020

Background: Although it is known that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy may lead to microcephaly in the foetus, the risk factors associated to this tragic disorder remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis toto assess risk factors associated with the incidence of microcephaly in congenital ZIKV infection.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE (R) Epub ahead of print, Embase, Embase Classic, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS and various thesis databases to identify human studies reporting microcephaly associated with congenital ZIKV infection. We requested primary data from authors of the studies included in this review to calculate summary estimates and conduct meta-analysis of the most prevalent factors.
Results: We screened 4,106 titles and abstracts, and identified 12 studies for inclusion in the systematic review. The assessment of ZIKV infection and the definition of microcephaly varied among studies. A total of 6,154 children/foetuses were enrolled; of those, 1,120 (18.20%) had a diagnostic of ZIKV infection, of which 509 (45.45%) were diagnosed with microcephaly. Nine studies addressed the link between congenital ZIKV infection and neurological findings in foetuses/ children. Half of the studies provided primary data. Two out of eleven factors of interest were associated with microcephaly: infant’s sex – males presented a higher risk of microcephaly compared to females (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14, 1.49); and the stage of pregnancy when infection occurred - infection in the first trimester of pregnancy had a higher risk of microcephaly (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.82), compared to infection at other stages of pregnancy.
Conclusion: Our findings support the female-biased resistance hypothesis and reinforce the risk associated with the stage of pregnancy when Zika virus infection occurs. Continued surveillance of ZIKV during pregnancy is needed to identify additional factors that could contribute to developing microcephaly in affected foetuses.
Downregulation of S100 Calcium Binding Protein A12 inhibits the growth of glioma cells
Authors: Lu Chunhe , Liu Jia , Yao Mingze , Li Lun , Li Guangyu
Published: March 2020

Background: S100 Calcium Binding Protein A12 (S100A12) is a member of the S100 protein family and is widely expressed in neutrophil and low expressed in lymphocytes and monocyte. However, the role of S100A12 in glioma has not yet been identified. Methods: In the present study, we carried out immunohistochemical investigation of S100A12 in 81 glioma tissues to determine the expression of s100A12 in glioma cells, and evaluate the clinical significance of S100A12 in glioma patients. Futher we knockdown the S100A12 by ShRNA, and evaluated cell proliferation, cell migration and cell apoptosis by MTT, clony formation assay, transwell assay ,flow cytometry assa and western blot. Results: We found that S100A12 was upregulated in tissues of glioma patients and the expression was correlated to WHO stage and tumor size. Further, we found that knockdown S100A12 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells through regulating cell apoptosis and EMT. Conclusion: S100A12 plays a vital role in glioma progression, and may be an important regulatory molecule for biological behaviors of glioma cell lines.
The Fair Decision-making of Children and Adolescents with High-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Perspective of Dual-process Theories
Authors: Jin Peiying , Wang Yao , LI Yun , Xiao Yunhua , Li Chunyan , Qiu Nana , Weng Jiao , Fang Hui , Ke Xiaoyan
Published: March 2020

Background: Fairness has received much attention in our society. At present, the findings regarding fair decision-making in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) are inconsistent. Previous studies have shown that the fair decision-making of typically developing children is influenced by theory of mind (ToM) and executive functioning (EF). As those with HF-ASD have defects in both domains, this study aims to explore the differences in fair decision-making between children and adolescents with HF-ASD and those with typical development (TD). Methods: We used a simple ultimatum game (UG) to explore 31 children and adolescents with HF-ASD and 38 children and adolescents with TD. T tests and chi-square tests were used to compare group differences, and Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyse the mechanisms influencing the two groups' unfair acceptance rates. Results: The results show that children with HF-ASD are more likely to accept unfair offers, but for adolescents, the difference is not significant. Regression analysis showed that the interaction between the behavior regulation index (BRI) and age could negatively predict the unfair acceptance rate of children and adolescents with HF-ASD. Working memory and ToM can negatively predict the unfair acceptance rate of those with TD. Conclusion: This study concluded that the development of fair decision-making by children and adolescents with HF-ASD falls far behind that of those with TD. Intuition processes play a dominant role in the fair decision-making processes of children and adolescents with HF-ASD, and we believe that comorbidity, age, experience and emotional management are important factors influencing the fair decision-making of individuals with HF-ASD.