bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Third Case of Visceral Leishmaniasis in COVID-19: Mini Review Article
Authors: Colomba Claudia , Guccione Cristoforo , Rubino Raffaella , Scalisi Michela , Condemi Anna , Bagarello Sara , Giordano Salvatore , Cascio Antonio
Published: August 2022

Background: In the currently ongoing coronavirus pandemic, coinfections with unrelated life-threatening febrile conditions may pose a particular challenge to clinicians. Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis that may present general symptoms, including fever, malaise, and arthralgia, rendering it indistinguishable from COVID-19. Methods: In this paper, we aim to draw attention to this issue and analyze the clinical characteristics of the coinfection SARS-CoV-2/Leishmania through a systematic review of the literature. We were motivated by the observation of the first case of visceral leishmaniasis and COVID-19 in a paediatric patient. Conclusion: Our case is a reminder for healthcare providers to consider the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients presenting with febrile syndrome in endemic regions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Encephalitozoon hellem Infection Promotes Monocytes Extravasation
Authors: Lu Yishan , An Guozhen , Wang Xue , Tang Yunlin , Jin Jiangyan , Bao Jialing , Zhou Zeyang
Published: August 2022

Background: Microsporidia are a group of obligated intracellular fungus pathogens. Monocytes and the derivative macrophages are among the most important players in host immunity. The invasion of microsporidia may significantly affect the monocytes maturation and extravasation processes. Methods: We utilized a previously established microsporidia infection murine model to investigate the influences of microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem (E. hellem) infection on monocyte maturation, releasing into the circulation and extravasation to the inflammation site. Flow cytometry and qPCR analysis were used to compare the monocytes and derivative macrophages isolated from bone marrow, peripheral blood and tissues of E. hellem-infected and control mice. Results: The results showed that the pro-inflammatory group of CD11b+Ly-6C+ monocytes are promoted in E. hellem-infected mice. Interestingly, the percentage of Ly-6C+ monocytes from E. hellem-infected mice are significantly lower in peripheral blood while significantly higher in the inflamed small intestine, together with up-regulated ratio of F4/80 macrophage in small intestine as well. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that E. hellem infection leads to promoted monocytes maturation in bone marrow, up-regulation of extravasation from peripheral blood to inflammation site and maturation into macrophages. Our study is the first systematic analysis of monocytes maturation and trafficking during microsporidia infection, and will provide better understanding of the pathogen–host interactions.
Formation and Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Nifedipine-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Nifedipine-methyl-β-cyclodextrin: The Development of Orodispersible Tablets
Authors: Ozon Emma Adriana , Novac Marian , Gheorghe Daniela , Musuc Adina Magdalena , Mitu Mirela Adriana , Sarbu Iulian , Anuta Valentina , Rusu Adriana , Petrescu Simona , Atkinson Irina , Lupuliasa Dumitru
Published: August 2022

The novelty in this study is the development of new orodispersible tablets containing nifedipine (NIF) as the active ingredient. Initially, the formation of inclusion complexes between nifedipine and two derivatives of beta-cyclodextrin, namely, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD), was established. Inclusion complexes of nifedipine were prepared by different procedures: kneading, coprecipitation and lyophilization methods, using a 1:1 molar ratio among the drug and cyclodextrin compounds. A physical mixture was also developed for comparison, with the same molar ratio. The physicochemical and structural properties of these obtained complexes were subsequently analysed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction techniques. The lyophilization method of preparation leads to obtaining the complete inclusion of nifedipine in the used cyclodextrin cavity, for both the derivative cyclodextrins. After that, preformulation studies and manufacturing of orodispersible tablets containing NIF-HP-β-CD and NIF-Me-β-CD, respectively, inclusion complexes were advanced. The obtained findings show that only F3 (which contains NIF-HP-β-CD) and F6 (which contains NIF-Me-β-CD) have a suitable flowability for the direct compression materials.
The Latest FDA-Approved Pharmaceuticals Containing Fragments of Tailor-Made Amino Acids and Fluorine
Authors: Wang Qian , Han Jianlin , Sorochinsky Alexander , Landa Aitor , Butler Greg , Soloshonok Vadim A.
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the selective introduction of fluorine into bioactive compounds is a mature strategy in the design of drugs allowing to increase efficiency, biological half-life and bio-absorption. On the other hand, amino acids (AAs) represent one of the most ubiquitious classes of naturally occurring organic compounds, which are found in over 40% of newly marked small-molecule pharmaceutical drugs and medical formulations. The primary goal of this work is to underscore two major trends in the design of modern pharmaceuticals. The first is dealing with the unique structural characteristics provided by the structure of amino acids featuring an abundance of functionality and the presence of a stereogenic center, all of which bodes well for the successful development of targeted bioactivity. The second is related to fine-tuning the desired activity and pharmacokinetics by selective introduction of fluorine. Historically, both trends were developed separately as innovative and prolific approaches in modern drug design. However, in recent decades, these approaches are clearly converging leading to an ever-increasing number of newly approved pharmaceuticals containing both structural features of amino acids and fluorine.
Imatinib Optimized Therapy Improves Major Molecular Response Rates in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Johnson-Ansah Hyacinthe , Maneglier Benjamin , Huguet Françoise , Legros Laurence , Escoffre-Barbe Martine , Gardembas Martine , Cony-Makhoul Pascale , Coiteux Valérie , Sutton Laurent , Abarah Wajed , Pouaty Camille , Pignon Jean-Michel , Choufi Bachra , Visanica Sorin , Deau Bénédicte , Morisset Laure , Cayssials Emilie , Molimard Mathieu , Bouchet Stéphane , Mahon François-Xavier , Nicolini Franck , Aegerter Philippe , Cayuela Jean-Michel , Delord Marc , Bruzzoni-Giovanelli Heriberto , Rousselot Philippe
Published: August 2022

The registered dose for imatinib is 400 mg/d, despite high inter-patient variability in imatinib plasmatic exposure. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is routinely used to maximize a drug’s efficacy or tolerance. We decided to conduct a prospective randomized trial (OPTIM-imatinib trial) to assess the value of TDM in patients with chronic phase chronic myelogenous treated with imatinib as first-line therapy (NCT02896842). Eligible patients started imatinib at 400 mg daily, followed by imatinib [C]min assessment. Patients considered underdosed ([C]min < 1000 ng/mL) were randomized in a dose-increase strategy aiming to reach the threshold of 1000 ng/mL (TDM arm) versus standard imatinib management (control arm). Patients with [C]min levels ≥ 1000 ng/mL were treated following current European Leukemia Net recommendations (observational arm). The primary endpoint was the rate of major molecular response (MMR, BCR::ABL1IS ≤ 0.1%) at 12 months. Out of 133 evaluable patients on imatinib 400 mg daily, 86 patients had a [C]min < 1000 ng/mL and were randomized. The TDM strategy resulted in a significant increase in [C]min values with a mean imatinib daily dose of 603 mg daily. Patients included in the TDM arm had a 12-month MMR rate of 67% (95% CI, 51–81) compared to 39% (95% CI, 24–55) for the control arm (p = 0.017). This early advantage persisted over the 3-year study period, in which we considered imatinib cessation as a censoring event. Imatinib TDM was feasible and significantly improved the 12-month MMR rate. This early advantage may be beneficial for patients without easy access to second-line TKIs.
Alternative Antibiotics in Dentistry: Antimicrobial Peptides
Authors: Griffith Alexandra , Mateen Akilah , Markowitz Kenneth , Singer Steven R. , Cugini Carla , Shimizu Emi , Wiedman Gregory R. , Kumar Vivek
Published: August 2022

The rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics in medicine and dentistry is a growing concern. New approaches are needed to combat antibiotic resistant (AR) bacterial infections. There are a number of methods available and in development to address AR infections. Dentists conventionally use chemicals such as chlorohexidine and calcium hydroxide to kill oral bacteria, with many groups recently developing more biocompatible antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for use in the oral cavity. AMPs are promising candidates in the treatment of (oral) infections. Also known as host defense peptides, AMPs have been isolated from animals across all kingdoms of life and play an integral role in the innate immunity of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms by responding to pathogens. Despite progress over the last four decades, there are only a few AMPs approved for clinical use. This review summarizes an Introduction to Oral Microbiome and Oral Infections, Traditional Antibiotics and Alternatives & Antimicrobial Peptides. There is a focus on cationic AMP characteristics and mechanisms of actions, and an overview of animal-derived natural and synthetic AMPs, as well as observed microbial resistance.
Structural and Functional Analysis of Excised Skins and Human Reconstructed Epidermis with Confocal Raman Spectroscopy and in Microfluidic Diffusion Chambers
Authors: Kocsis Dorottya , Kichou Hichem , Döme Katalin , Varga-Medveczky Zsófia , Révész Zsolt , Antal Istvan , Erdő Franciska
Published: August 2022

Several ex vivo and in vitro skin models are available in the toolbox of dermatological and cosmetic research. Some of them are widely used in drug penetration testing. The excised skins show higher variability, while the in vitro skins provide more reproducible data. The aim of the current study was to compare the chemical composition of different skin models (excised rat skin, excised human skin and human-reconstructed epidermis) by measurement of ceramides, cholesterol, lactate, urea, protein and water at different depths of the tissues. The second goal was to compile a testing system, which includes a skin-on-a-chip diffusion setup and a confocal Raman spectroscopy for testing drug diffusion across the skin barrier and accumulation in the tissue models. A hydrophilic drug caffeine and the P-glycoprotein substrate quinidine were used in the study as topical cream formulations. The results indicate that although the transdermal diffusion of quinidine is lower, the skin accumulation was comparable for the two drugs. The various skin models showed different chemical compositions. The human skin was abundant in ceramides and cholesterol, while the reconstructed skin contained less water and more urea and protein. Based on these results, it can be concluded that skin-on-a-chip and confocal Raman microspectroscopy are suitable for testing drug penetration and distribution at different skin layers within an exposition window. Furthermore, obese human skin should be treated with caution for skin absorption testing due to its unbalanced composition.
Translating the Manufacture of Immunotherapeutic PLGA Nanoparticles from Lab to Industrial Scale: Process Transfer and In Vitro Testing
Authors: Operti Maria Camilla , Bernhardt Alexander , Pots Jeanette , Sincari Vladimir , Jager Eliezer , Grimm Silko , Engel Andrea , Benedikt Anne , Hrubý Martin , De Vries Ingrid Jolanda M. , Figdor Carl G. , Tagit Oya
Published: August 2022

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are known to offer a plethora of potential therapeutic benefits. However, challenges related to large-scale manufacturing, such as the difficulty of reproducing complex formulations and high manufacturing costs, hinder their clinical and commercial development. In this context, a reliable manufacturing technique suitable for the scale-up production of nanoformulations without altering efficacy and safety profiles is highly needed. In this paper, we develop an inline sonication process and adapt it to the industrial scale production of immunomodulating PLGA nanovaccines developed using a batch sonication method at the laboratory scale. The investigated formulations contain three distinct synthetic peptides derived from the carcinogenic antigen New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) together with an invariant natural killer T-cell (iNKT) activator, threitolceramide-6 (IMM60). Process parameters were optimized to obtain polymeric nanovaccine formulations with a mean diameter of 150 ± 50 nm and a polydispersity index <0.2. Formulation characteristics, including encapsulation efficiencies, release profiles and in vitro functional and toxicological profiles, are assessed and statistically compared for each formulation. Overall, scale-up formulations obtained by inline sonication method could replicate the colloidal and functional properties of the nanovaccines developed using batch sonication at the laboratory scale. Both types of formulations induced specific T-cell and iNKT cell responses in vitro without any toxicity, highlighting the suitability of the inline sonication method for the continuous scale-up of nanomedicine formulations in terms of efficacy and safety.
Antiproliferative Copper(II) Complexes Bearing Mixed Chelating Ligands: Structural Characterization, ROS Scavenging, In Silico Studies, and Anti-Melanoma Activity
Authors: Olar Rodica , Maxim Catalin , Badea Mihaela , Bacalum Mihaela , Raileanu Mina , Avram Speranta , Korošin Nataša Čelan , Burlanescu Teodora , Rostas Arpad Mihai
Published: August 2022

Melanoma is a skin cancer characterized by rapid growth and spread for which current therapies produce both resistance and increased risk of infection. To develop new anti-melanoma biocompatible species, the series of complexes Cu(N-N)(bzac)(X)⋅nH2O (N-N: 1,10-phenanthroline/2,2′-bipyridine, Hbzac: 1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione, X: NO3/ClO4, and n = 0, 1) was studied. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a mononuclear structure for all complexes. The ability of the complexes to scavenge or trap reactive oxygen species such as O2⋅− and HO⋅ was proved by EPR spectroscopy experiments. All complexes inhibited B16 murine melanoma cells in a dose-dependent and nanomolar range, but the complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline were more active. Moreover, comparative activity on B16 and healthy BJ cells revealed a therapeutic index of 1.27–2.24. Bioinformatic methods were used to calculate the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenomic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of the compounds. The results showed that all compounds exhibit drug-likeness features, as well as promising absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties, and no toxicity. The pharmacodynamics results showed that the neutral species appear to be good candidates for antitumor molecular targets (Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1, DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase or Kruppel-like factor 5). Furthermore, the pharmacogenomic results showed a good affinity of the copper(II) complexes for the human cytochrome. These results recommend complexes bearing 1,10-phenanthroline as good candidates for developing drugs to melanoma alternative treatment.
Yoctosecond Timing Jitter Sensitivity in Tightly Synchronized Mode-Locked Ti:Sapphire Lasers
Authors: Xu Hao , Wu Haitao , Hou Dong , Lu Haoyuan , Li Zhaolong , Zhao Jianye
Published: August 2022

Higher sensitivity in timing jitter measurement has great importance in studies related to precise measurements. Timing jitter noise floors contribute one of the main parts in existing measurements. In this article, a phase error signal is obtained by superposition of outputs of two optical heterodyne discrimination apparatus to suppress the noise floor. Excess phase noise of the electrical amplifier is avoided. We demonstrate 2.6 × 10−14 fs2/Hz (~160 ys/√Hz) timing jitter noise floor between two identical 99 MHz repetition-rate mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers after their repetition rates are tightly synchronized. The performance is extensible to reach an integrated timing jitter resolution of one attosecond.
Exogenous Melatonin Alleviated Leaf Yellowing via Inhibiting Respiration and Ethylene Biosynthesis during Shelf Life in Pakchoi
Authors: Wang Nan , Fang Huixin , Yang Qingxi , Liu Zhiyong , Feng Hui , Ji Shujuan
Published: August 2022

Postharvest yellowing of leafy plant is a manifestation of senescence, and melatonin (MT) is known to delay leaf senescence in some higher plants. Herein, we investigated the effect of exogenous MT treatment on postharvest pakchoi by monitoring the ethylene biosynthesis and respiratory metabolism. Results showed that exogenous MT effectively extended the shelf life, delayed leaf yellowing, minimized the alteration in Fv/Fm ratio and maintained higher integrity of chloroplast in pakchoi. There was a significant correlation between yellowing index, respiration rate and ethylene production. MT treatments greatly delayed the yellowing process of pakchoi that was associated with the reduced activity of glycolysis pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), increased proportion of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in respiratory metabolism, as manifested by the lower activity of phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome C oxidase (COX), downregulated the expression of their corresponding genes, but enhanced the activity and expression level of 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). MT also markedly maintain chlorophyll content by inhibiting ethylene production and action during shelf life, likely a consequence of reduced activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO), as well as the expression levels of their related genes. These results collectively indicate that melatonin alleviated leaf yellowing of postharvest pakchoi might be attributed to the suppression of the ethylene biosynthesis and respiratory metabolism, and our findings contribute to provide a good candidate measure for extending shelf life and reducing postharvest loss of pakchoi.
Optimization of an Efficient Protoplast Transformation System for Transient Expression Analysis Using Leaves of Torenia fournieri
Authors: Zhang Ling , Yung Wai-Shing , Wang Zhili , Li Man-Wah , Huang Mingkun
Published: August 2022

Torenia fournieri (T. fournieri) is one of the most widely used horticultural flowers and is considered a potential model plant for the genetic investigation of ornamental traits. In this study, we optimized an efficient protocol for high efficiency preparation and transformation of T. fournieri protoplast. The transformation rate reached ~75% when a 35S:GFP construct was used for the transformation. Using this system, we characterized the subcellular localization of several TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors (TFs), and found a distinct localization pattern between the CIN and CYC classes of TCP TFs. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the feasibility of the expression of dual luciferase assay system in T. fournieri protoplasts for the measurement of the activity of cis-regulatory elements. Taken together, a well-optimized transient expression system in T. fournieri protoplasts would be crucial for rapid exploration of the gene function or cis-regulatory elements.
Lime Rate in Clayey Soils Influences Chemical Fertility and Sugarcane Yield
Authors: de Campos Murilo , Martello Jorge Martinelli , de Siqueira Gabriela Ferraz , Garcia Ariani , Scudeletti Daniele , Dias Patrícia Pereira , Rossetto Raffaella , Calonego Juliano Carlos , Cantarella Heitor , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa
Published: August 2022

Liming contributes to the alleviation of acidity in highly weathered soils. For sugarcane, the use of green harvest methods and new soil tillage systems requires an adjustment of lime application rates. In the present study, the effects of different lime rates and tillage systems on sugarcane performance and soil chemical fertility parameters were assessed. Three experiments were conducted in two locations between April 2015 and October 2019. The study design was a randomized block field study with four replicates. Four lime rates were applied once at sugarcane establishments in each soil tillage system and location: no liming (control); lime recommended rate (LRR); two times LRR (2× LRR); and three times LRR (3× LRR). The three soil tillage systems were conventional (CT), deep-strip (DT), and modified deep-strip tillage (MDT). Soil chemical fertility, leaf nutrient concentrations, and sugarcane yield components were analyzed, and correlations were identified by principal component analysis (PCA). The soil acidity was adequately alleviated in all tillage systems. Increasing the lime rate improved the lime distribution and soil fertility parameters. Applying lime at rates higher than LRR improved stalk and sugar yields, longevity, agronomic efficiency index (AEI), and correlated with a longer residual effect of liming, mainly in the last ratoon.
Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of the Mechanism of Foliar Application of Hormone-Type Growth Regulator in the Improvement of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Coloration in Saline-Alkaline Soil
Authors: Chang Doudou , Liu Huaijin , An Mengjie , Hong Dashuang , Fan Hua , Wang Kaiyong , Li Zhiqiang
Published: August 2022

(1) Background: To solve the problems of incomplete coloration and quality decline caused by unreasonable use of regulators in grapes, this study clarified the differences in the effects of a hormone-type growth regulator (AUT) and two commercial regulators on grape coloration and quality through field experiments. (2) Methods: The color indexes (brightness (L*), red/green color difference (a*), yellow/blue color difference (b*), and color index for red grapes (CIRG)) of grape fruit were measured using a CR-400 handheld color difference meter. The titratable acid content, total phenol content, and total sugar content were measured using anthrone colorimetry, folinol colorimetry, and NaOH titration, respectively, and the chalcone isomerase activity, phenylalanine ammoniase activity, dihydroflavol reductase activity, and anthocyanin content were measured using a UV spectrophotometer. (3) Results: The a*, total sugar and total phenol contents, and chalcone isomerase (CHI) and phenylalanine ammoniase (PAL) activities of grape fruit in the AUT treatment significantly increased, while the titratable acid content significantly decreased, compared to those in the CK treatment. The expressions of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) trpB and argJ in AUT treatment were significantly up-regulated. The expressions of the differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) phenylalanine and 4-oxoproline were significantly up-regulated, while those of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and N-acetyl glutamate were significantly down-regulated. The CIRG significantly increased by 36.4% compared to that in the CK, indicating improved fruit coloration. (4) Conclusion: The AUT could shorten the color conversion period of grape fruit and improve the coloration, taste, and tolerance to saline and alkaline stresses.
A Rapid Thermal Absorption Rate and High Latent Heat Enthalpy Phase Change Fiber Derived from Bio-Based Low Melting Point Copolyesters
Authors: Lan Tsung-Yu , Mao Hsu-I , Chen Chin-Wen , Lee Yi-Ting , Yang Zhi-Yu , Luo Jian-Liang , Li Pin-Rong , Rwei Syang-Peng
Published: August 2022

A series of poly(butylene adipate-co-hexamethylene adipate) (PBHA) copolymers with different content of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) was synthesized via one-step melt polymerization. The PBHA copolymer with 5 mol% CHDM (PBHA-C5) exhibited a low melting point (Tm) and high enthalpy of fusion (∆Hm) of 35.7 °C and 43.9 J g−1, respectively, making it a potential candidate for an ambient temperature adjustment textile phase change material (PCM). Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) was selected as the matrix and blended at different weight ratios of PBHA-C5, and the blended samples showed comparable Tm and ∆Hm after three cycles of cooling and reheating, indicating good maintenance of their phase changing ability. Samples were then processed via melt spinning with a take-up speed of 200 m min−1 at draw ratios (DR) of 1.0 to 3.0 at 50 °C. The fiber’s mechanical strength could be enhanced to 2.35 g den−1 by increasing the DR and lowering the PBHA-C5 content. Infrared thermography showed that a significant difference of more than 5 °C between PBT and other samples was achieved within 1 min of heating, indicating the ability of PBHA-C5 to adjust the temperature. After heating for 30 min, the temperatures of neat PBT, blended samples with 27, 30, and 33 wt% PBHA-C5, and neat PBHA-C5 were 53.8, 50.2, 48.3, 47.2, and 46.5 °C, respectively, and reached an equilibrium state, confirming the temperature adjustment ability of PBHA-C5 and suggesting that it can be utilized in thermoregulating applications.
Effect of Transparent, Purple, and Yellow Shellac Microcapsules on Properties of the Coating on Paraberlinia bifoliolata Surface
Authors: Han Yan , Yan Xiaoxing , Tao Yu
Published: August 2022

In order to explore the applicability of the waterborne coating with self-repairing microcapsules based on the surface of wood boards and specify the optimal range of microcapsule content in the coating, three different kinds of shellac microcapsules (transparent shellac, purple shellac, and yellow shellac) were embedded in a waterborne acrylic coating at 0, 1.5 wt.%, 3.0 wt.%, 4.5 wt.%, 6.0 wt.%, and 7.5 wt.%. The Beli wood (Paraberlinia bifoliolata) boards were then covered with self-repairing coatings to investigate the self-repairing coating’s physical and chemical properties, aging resistance, and scratch repair abilities. The findings demonstrated that the chromatic difference and gloss of surface coatings on Beli wood boards were significantly influenced by the content of microcapsules. The optical characteristics and cold liquid resistance performance of the coating on Beli wood were enhanced when the microcapsule content was 3.0 wt.%. Additionally, the mechanical qualities of the coating with 3.0 wt.% transparent shellac microcapsules on Beli wood surface were better, with an H hardness, grade 2 adhesion, and 8 kg·cm of impact strength. The studies on scratch repairing and aging resistance indicated that microcapsules helped to slow down the coating’s damage and retard aging. After a microcrack appeared, the waterborne coating with microcapsules on Beli wood’s surface had the capacity to repair itself. After aging, the coating with 3.0 wt.% transparent shellac microcapsule on Beli wood boards had a better performance on the comprehensive properties, with a 28.9% light loss rate and a 6 kg·cm impact resistance. It also had a 25.0% repairing rate in scratch width after being damaged for 5 d. This study advances the development of self-healing waterborne coatings on the wood board with shellac microcapsules by examining the effects of shellac in various colors and shellac microcapsule content in waterborne coatings.
Assessment of the Performance of Cationic Cellulose Derivatives as Calcium Carbonate Flocculant for Papermaking
Authors: Pedrosa Jorge F. S. , Alves Luís , Neto Carlos P. , Rasteiro Maria G. , Ferreira Paulo J. T.
Published: August 2022

Cationic polyacrylamides (CPAMs) are usually used as filler retention agents in papermaking formulations. However, increasing environmental restrictions and their non-renewable origin have driven research into bio-based alternatives. In this context, cationic lignocellulosic derivatives have been attracting considerable research interest as a potential substitute. In this work, distinct cationic celluloses with degrees of substitution of between 0.02 and 1.06 and with distinct morphological properties were synthesized via the cationization of bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp, using a direct cationization with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) or a two-step cationization, where the cellulose was first oxidized to form dialdehyde cellulose and was then made to react with Girard’s reagent T (GT). Fibrillated samples were produced by subjecting some samples to a high-pressure homogenization treatment. The obtained samples were evaluated regarding their potential to flocculate and retain precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), and their performance was compared to that of a commercial CPAM. The cationic fibrillated celluloses, with a degree of substitution of ca. 0.13–0.16, exhibited the highest flocculation performance of all the cationic celluloses and were able to increase the filler retention from 43% (with no retention agent) to ca. 61–62% (with the addition of 20 mg/g of PCC). Although it was not possible to achieve the performance of CPAM (filler retention of 73% with an addition of 1 mg/g of PCC), the results demonstrated the potential of cationic cellulose derivatives for use as bio-based retention agents.
Estimativa de evapotranspiração de referência (ETO) por diferentes fórmulas empíricas no município de Confresa-MT
Authors: Oliveira da Silva Kleber , Vale SantAna José Antonio do , Silva Júnior João José da , Oliveira Castro Yuri de
Published: August 2022

A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) é importante para a agricultura irrigada e sua relação com o Kc da cultura determina a Evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc). A Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura (FAO) determinou como padrão o método de Penman Monteith para estimativa de ETo, porém existem diferentes fórmulas empíricas para tal aplicação, sendo assim o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a estimativa da evapotranspiração de referencia (ETo) por diferentes fórmulas empíricas no município de Confresa-MT. Esses modelos foram utilizados para estimativa da ETo por requerer poucos elementos meteorológicos, em relação ao método padrão. Os dados climatológicos utilizados para o presente trabalho foram obtidos pela estação meteorológica instalada na área experimental do IFMT- Campus Confresa. Os métodos avaliados apresentam variações em relação ao padrão (FAO-56), assim necessitam de um fator de correção para determinação mais precisa na região de Confresa-MT. O método de Hargreaves-Samani é aquele que apresentaram melhor desempenho e consequentemente menor fator de correção para estimativa de evapotranspiração de referência (ETo). O método Jensen-Haise se apresenta com uma segunda opção para estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) para o município de Confresa-MT com desempenho satisfatório e bem similar ao método de Hargreaves-Samani.
Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em função do período de contato com fertilizantes
Authors: Brachtvogel Elizeu Luiz , Savaris Isabela
Published: August 2022

A semeadura consorciada de espécies forrageiras com grandes culturas produtoras de grãos vem sendo de grande valia para uma melhor utilização da área ocupada, onde a mistura de sementes forrageiras com fertilizantes pode viabilizar o cultivo consorciado, por diminuir a competição com a cultura produtora de grãos permitindo uma melhor eficiência da área ocupada. No entanto, se realizada muito antes da semeadura, pode prejudicar a emergência e o estabelecimento das forrageiras. Realizou-se trabalho em condições de laboratório e campo, em Confresa (MT), com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade fisiológica, a germinação e a emergência de sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em função do período de contato com fertilizantes químicos. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de um fatorial 5 x 3, constituído de diferentes períodos de contato das sementes de Brachiaria brizantha cultivar Marandu (0, 24, 48, 96, e 192 h) com os fertilizantes ureia, cloreto de potássio, e formulado NPK (04-14-08) nas formas de mistura de grânulos. Há efeitos prejudiciais na viabilidade e na qualidade fisiológica das sementes com o aumento do período de contato. Recomenda-se a semeadura imediata após o contato com fertilizante.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION ON CERTAIN RESEARCH EXAMPLES IN FORENSIC EXPERTOLOGY
Authors: Litvinova Tetyana
Published: August 2022

On the basis of practical experience in a scientific article, the author considers the implementation of special methodological principles directly related to the conduct of forensic psychological examination.

It is concluded that the formation of special knowledge by an expert in compliance with ethical codes and rules for conducting forensic psychological examinations is actively operating today, and the implementation of the principles of forensic psychological examination is demonstrated by forensic psychologists, who aim not just to state the facts, but to justify the necessary establishing the truth in specific cases, while helping the investigating authorities to form an evidence base, and the court to resolve the issue of psychological content.

Key words: forensic psychological examination, principles of forensic activity, criminal proceedings, the use of a polygraph.
PENERAPAN METODE DESIGN THINKING PADA PERANCANGAN WEBSITE UMKM KIRIHUCI
Authors: Soedewi Sri
Published: August 2022

Pertumbuhan pesat UMKM di Jawa Barat dan penurunan daya beli masyarakat akibat pandemi Covid 19, menuntut para pelaku UMKM melakukan inovasi terhadap produknya dan melakukan strategi pemasaran/promosi yang lebih luas agar dapat bertahan dan mampu bersaing dengan produk sejenis. Website merupakan salah satu media promosi yang dapat digunakan oleh pelaku UMKM untuk meningkatkan pemasaran produk. Keunggulan dari website adalah dapat menjangkau konsumen secara luas dan global, serta dapat diakses oleh siapa saja dan dimana saja oleh penggunanya. Kirihuci adalah salah satu UMKM dari Bandung Jawa Barat yang memiliki potensi bisnis besar tetapi belum memanfaatkan website sebagai media promosinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang website UMKM Kirihuci menggunakan metode Design Thinking. Tahapan perancangan pada metode ini adalah melakukan pendekatan yang tidak hanya fokus pada apa yang dilihat (user interface) dan dirasakan oleh penggunanya, tetapi juga fokus pada pengalaman pengguna (user experience). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah mix method yaitu melakukan observasi, wawancara, penyebaran kuisioner, dan mencari literatur data melalui buku atau jurnal yang berhubungan dengan penelitian. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini adalah penerapan metode Design Thinking pada perancangan website UMKM Kirihuci telah memberikan kemudahan bagi penggunanya. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari feedback pengguna yang dilakukan pada tahapan uji coba (usability testing) mengenai tampilan desain interface website dengan hasil yang baik.
A Lightweight Hybrid Intrusion Detection Framework using Machine Learning for Edge-Based IIoT Security
Authors: Guezzaz Azidine , Azrour Mourade , Benkirane Said , Mohy-Eddine Mouaad , Attou Hanaa , Douiba Maryam
Published: August 2022

Due to the development of cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) environments, such as healthcare systems, telecommunications and Industry 4.0 or Industrial IoT (IIoT) many daily services are transformed. Therefore, Security issues become useful to better protect these novel technologies. IIoT security represents a real challenge for industry actors and academic research. A set of security approaches, such as intrusion detection are integrated to improve IIoT environments security. Hence, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) aims to monitor, detect an intrusion in real time and then make reliable decisions. Many recent IDS incorporate Machine Learning (ML) techniques to improve their Accuracy (ACC), precision and Detection Rate (DR). This paper presents a hybrid IDS for Edge-Based IIoT Security using ML techniques. This new hybrid framework is based on misuse and anomaly detection using K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) techniques. Specifically, the K-NN classifier has been incorporated to improve detection accuracy and make effective decision and the PCA is used for an enhanced feature engineering and training process. The obtained results have proven that our proposed Framework presents many advantages compared with other recent models. It gives good results with 99.10% ACC, 98.4% DR 2.7% False Alarm Rate (FAR) on NSL-KDD dataset and 98.2% ACC, 97.6% DR, 2.9% FAR on Bot-IoT dataset.
International Practices on COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates for Transplant Candidates
Authors: Caliskan Yasar , Hippen Benjamin E. , Axelrod David A. , Schnitzler Mark , Maher Kennan , Alhamad Tarek , Lam Ngan N. , Anwar Siddiq , Kute Vivek , Lentine Krista L.
Published: August 2022

Key Points

The approach to pretransplant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination mandates is heterogeneous across different countries and international transplant centers.

International and US transplant centers without vaccine mandates cited similar concerns with similar frequencies.

Increased public education to overcome vaccine hesitancy worldwide is needed to strengthen acceptance of recommended COVID-19 vaccination among transplant candidates.

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created unprecedented challenges for solid organ transplant centers worldwide. We sought to assess an international perspective on COVID-19 vaccine mandates and rationales for or against mandate policies.

Methods

We administered an electronic survey to staff at transplant centers outside the United States (October 14, 2021–January 28, 2022) assessing the reasons cited by transplant centers for or against implementing a COVID-19 vaccine mandate. Each responding center was represented once in the analysis.

Results

Respondents (N=90) represented 27 countries on five continents. Half (51%) of responding transplant center representatives reported implementing a COVID-19 vaccine mandate, 38% did not, and 12% were unsure. Staff at centers implementing a vaccine mandate cited efficacy of pretransplant vaccination versus post-transplant vaccination, importance for public health, and minimizing exposure of other patients as rationale for the mandate. Of centers with a mandate, the majority (81%) of the centers mandate vaccination regardless of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection status and regardless of prevaccination spike-protein antibody titer or other markers of prior infection. Only 27% of centers with a vaccine mandate for transplant candidates also extended a vaccine requirement to living donor candidates. Centers not implementing a vaccine mandate cited concerns for undue pressure on transplant candidates, insufficient evidence to support vaccine mandates, equity, and legal considerations.

Conclusions

The approach to pretransplant COVID-19 vaccination mandate policies at international transplant centers is heterogeneous. International transplant centers with a vaccine mandate were more willing to extend vaccine requirements to candidates’ support persons, cohabitants, and living donors. Broader stakeholder engagement to overcome vaccine hesitancy across the world is needed to increase the acceptance of pretransplant COVID-19 vaccination to protect the health of transplant patients.
كفايات الوالدية الصالحة في التصور التربوي الإسلامي
Authors: Fawares Haifa , Al shboul Asma
Published: August 2022

الأهداف : هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد منظومة كفايات الوالدية الصالحة من خلال تصور التربية الإسلامية وذلك من خلال استقراء الآيات القرآنية والأحاديث الشريفة و النصوص في المراجع الحديثة.
المنهجية: استخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي من أجل تحقيق هذا الهدف من خلال استقراء الآيات القرآنية و الأحاديث الشريفة و النصوص للتوصل الى تصور واضح للوالدية الصالحة .
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج  أن كفايات الوالدية الصالحة هي مجموع القدرات والمهارات والوسائل الأبوية التي تمكن الوالد من إعداد أبنائه وفق منهج الله تعالى، وأن هذه الكفايات تنقسم الى مجالات : - المجال الديني المتمثل باستشعار مسؤولية تربية الأبناء، - المجال الخلقي القائم على امتلاك الصفات الخلقية التي لا يمكن تربية الأبناء تربية صحيحة إلا بوجودها. – والمجال التربوي المتخصص. كما وخلصت الدراسة الى صفات للوالدية الصالحة وهي:  - العلم بخصائص نمو الأولاد ومتطلباتها. - العلم باستراتيجيات التربية وأساليبها.
التوصيات: توصي الدراسة بتبني المقترح تضمينه في برامج تدريبية من خلال ورش تدريبية، ودورات فعالة تؤيد الوالدين من أجل التعامل مع أولادهم  على نحو  حسن، وتربيتهم تربية إسلامية
Analyzing Traditional and Alternative Assessment Forms in University Instruction Settings through Planned Behavior Theory
Authors: Attiat Madhr
Published: August 2022

This study aims to investigate the use of traditional and alternative assessments, and the level of valuing assessments, from university instructor perspectives. In addition, it also aims to examine the capability of Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (TPB) at interpreting assessment practices and valuing assessments. A questionnaire consisting of two sections was designed to identify the assessments practiced by the instructor, the valuing assessment level, and the behavioral beliefs and intentions according to Ajzen’s TPB. The sample was comprised of 348 instructors who were randomly chosen from (BAU) in Jordan. The results showed an average-level practice of traditional and alternative assessments, as well as a high level of valuing assessments. There were no statistically significant differences in the practices of traditional and alternative assessments due to the instructor's gender, college, academic rank. In contrast, statistically significant differences were shown in the assessment practices that were based on essay tests, projects, and observations, due to the attended number of training workshops, in the university assessment. Results from a hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that TPB explained a significant proportion of variance in alternative assessment practices: 43.8% in homework, 28.5% in observation, 21.5% in projects, 14.8% in peer evaluation, and 11% in self-evaluation, which was the lowest. However, behavioral beliefs and intention components contributed highly to the explanation of alternative assessment practices. This study recommends utilizing of TPB to explain the academic practices of university instructors.
The Impact of Terrorism on Tourism: Pilot Study 2007–2017: (Case Study of Jordan, Egypt, Spain and France)
Authors: Torki Bani Salameh Mohammed , Hourani Ibraheem
Published: August 2022

This study discusses the impact of terrorism on tourism from a hypothesis that whenever certain indicators on the Global Scale of Terrorism increase, tourism rates decline. In other words, the escalation of terrorism in a country leads to a decline in its tourist numbers, financial revenue from tourism and the percentage of jobs provided by the tourism sector. The scientific significance of the study is in providing explanatory theorems about the relationship between terrorism and tourism on the one hand, as it endeavors to provide explanatory theorems about various methods, means and measures taken by the countries of the case study to avoid the potential impact of terrorism on their tourism industries, particularly as tourism is one of the most important sources of income for many countries, including the Arab countries. This study uses comparative methodology, case study methodology and quantitative description methodology.  The study shows the validity of its premise by conducting a pilot test on the impact of terrorism on several countries in a case study: France, Spain, Egypt and Jordan. The study concludes that, despite the negative impact of terrorism on tourism in the countries in this case study, hidden variables were found that could reduce the negative impact of terrorism on tourism through governmental intervention, such as the programs of diplomatic attraction and promotion, as seen in some countries like France and Jordan, which contributed to the reduction of the negative impact of terrorism on tourism.
The Byzantine Embassy to Himyar (c. 356 AD) and the introduction of Christianity in South Arabia
Authors: Ramadan Abdelaziz
Published: August 2022

Most modern researchers point out that a clear pattern of monotheistic religion began to appear in South Arabia since the middle of the fourth century. While these researchers count on the overwhelming influence of Judaism, they marginalize any influence of Christianity despite the presence of references in literary sources confirming the coincidence of this pattern with the first missionary embassy sent by the largest Christian empire at the time, the Byzantine Empire, to the kingdom of Himyar (c. 356 AD). These researchers are based on the absence of any explicit reference to Christianity in the epigraphic evidence. Hence, this research aims to re-approach this issue through the only source account of this mission, which was recorded by the ecclesiastical historian Philostorgius, and linking it to evidence from other literary sources, whether Byzantine or Eastern Christianity, which may support it.
Expression of Words and their Adaptation of Sound - Morphological in Arabic the Biography of Ibn Hisham in the past and the Stories of Gharibeh in the Recent Times
Authors: Al-Aqtash Abdulhamid
Published: August 2022

The present study investigates the trend of linguistic borrowing in Classical and Modern Arabic in two texts: The Prophet’s Biography by Ibn Hisham (Classical) and the novels of Hashem Gharaibeh (Modern). It aims to highlight the capabilities of Arabic to adapt with other languages and find out the pattern of the morpho- phonological adaptation that applies to the borrowings. In addition, the study aims at figuring out whether the semantic classification of these borrowings is related to a certain style or jargon and identifying the reasons behind linguistic borrowing and its effects on weakening or strengthening the language-specific characteristics of Arabic. To achieve this goal, two types of texts will be examined: The Prophet’s Biography by Ibn Hisham, which represents Arabic in its flourished civilization era; the second is the novels of the Jordanian writer Hashem Gharaibeh, which represents Arabic in a weak civilizational period. It is worth mentioning that both texts are known to have highly eloquent language away from the colloquial. The study concludes that the trend in the past was to fully adapt the borrowings, reproducing them according to Arabic morpho-phonological and semantic rules. As for the modern text, the trend is to keep the borrowing as it was in the source language. The study recommends adapting the borrowing following the rules of the host language in order to preserve the identity and history of Arabic.