PREREQUISITES FOR SUSTAINABILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT UNDER SANCTIONS PRESSURE
Authors:   Orenburg branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia, Korovina Anastasia A. 
Published: October 2024

The article examines in detail the impact of sanctions pressure from Western countries on the state of the domestic industry as a whole and its separate branch - mechanical engineering. The purpose of the study was to analyze the current state of mechanical engineering in Russia in order to identify existing problems, determine optimal directions and formulate proposals for achieving sustainable economic development of the Russian Federation. The objectives of the study were: analysis of the current state of mechanical engineering; identification of problems of the efficiency of mechanical engineering development; determination of directions of development of the mechanical engineering industry in the Russian Federation; development of measures for import substitution in the mechanical engineering complex. The study used the methods of scientific knowledge: analysis and synthesis, monographic, methods of statistical and economic analysis, graphical method, system-structural and formal-logical methods. The information base was the data of Rosstat, the Industrial Development Fund and the Institute for Statistical Research and Economics of Knowledge, presented on the official website and scientific materials of domestic and foreign researchers. We identified the optimal directions for the development of the mechanical engineering industry of the Russian Federation: overcoming the technological gap and increasing demand for machinery and equipment manufactured in the Russian Federation; Innovation-oriented integration into import substitution processes; Creation of modern and progressive technologies in mechanical engineering; Digitalization of business processes and implementation of the Industry 4.0 production management technology; Establishment of cooperation with domestic and friendly foreign enterprises; Increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises, etc. The following measures are proposed for import substitution in the mechanical engineering complex: Purchase of components in friendly countries; Cooperation with manufacturing enterprises; Preferential lending by industrial development institutes; Creation by executive authorities of a unified information and industrial system to solve logistics problems; Placement of production segments of the mechanical engineering industry; Stabilization of the domestic product market and Development of cooperative interaction between industries. It is recommended to focus mechanical engineering production on the implementation of priority projects, development projects, projects for the digitalization of industry and SPIC, financed by the FRP, which will allow bringing the enterprise to a modern level and improving the state of the industry as a whole. The directions of future research will be the mechanisms of technological development of the domestic mechanical engineering. The conducted research and its results can be applied by researchers and students in economic fields interested in the state of mechanical engineering in Russia.