bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Unusual Presentation of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in the Setting of Immunosuppression on TNF-Alpha Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Delans Kristen , Semus Rachel , Hossain Nasiffa , Ledford Jack
Published: November 2022

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but deadly skin cancer, observed classically in the sun-damaged skin of older, white males. The cancer is characterized by rapid growth as well as high morbidity and mortality. In this article, we detail an atypical presentation of MCC in an African-American patient being treated with prednisone, methotrexate, and adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis. Initially presenting as a subcutaneous nodule, the tumor in our patient was misdiagnosed first as an abscess and treated accordingly. Only after the subcutaneous mass failed to resolve with antibiotics as well as repeated incision and drainage was a biopsy performed, which yielded the final diagnosis. In the text, we detail the patient’s symptomatology as well as steps that eventually lead to diagnostic confirmation. Our case demonstrates the importance of heightened clinical suspicion for MCC in immunosuppressed patients with unexplained subcutaneous nodules. Prompt diagnosis is crucial for positive outcomes; therefore, we aim to provide information that may aid in identification of MCC tumors in future patients. With the increasing use of biologic agents such as adalimumab to treat rheumatic disease, the literature is demonstrating an increasing incidence of previously “rare” malignancies such as MCC. It is crucial for physicians to convey these risks when initiating a patient on chronic immunosuppressive therapy and to provide routine surveillance for MCC and other complications.
Reprogramming Metabolism to Enhance Kidney Tolerance during Sepsis: The Role of Fatty Acid Oxidation, Aerobic Glycolysis, and Epithelial De-Differentiation
Authors: Gómez Hernando
Published: November 2022

Background: The recognition that sepsis induces acute kidney injury (AKI) in the absence of overt necrosis or apoptosis and even in the presence of increased renal blood flow has led to the consideration that kidney tubular epithelial cells (TECs) may deploy defense mechanisms to survive the insult. Summary: This concept dovetails well with the notion that the defense against infection not only depends on the capacity of the immune system to limit the microbial burden or resistance capacity but also on the capacity of the host to limit tissue injury, collectively known as tolerance. To sustain the high energy requirement that ion transport mandates, kidney TECs use fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as one of the preferred sources of energy. Inflammatory processes like endotoxemia and sepsis decrease mitochondrial FAO and hinder mitochondrial respiration. Impaired FAO is associated with TEC de-differentiation, loss of kidney function, and TEC injury through lipotoxicity and oxidative stress in the acute setting, and with maladaptive repair and fibrosis after AKI in the latter stages. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of energy and promoter of FAO that can be activated pharmacologically to protect against AKI and death during experimental sepsis, operating through a tolerance mechanism. Key Messages: Organ dysfunction during sepsis is the expression of tissue injury and adaptive defense mechanisms operating through resistance or tolerance that prioritize cell survival over organ function. Metabolic reprogramming away from FAO/oxidative phosphorylation seems to be a common pathological denominator throughout the AKI continuum that may be targeted through the activation of AMPK.
The Environment in the Context of the War in Ukraine
Authors: Cynk Karolina
Published: November 2022

Natural environment is a quiet but grave victim of every war. The purpose of this article is to present the way selected governmental departments communicate environmental issues to their citizens during the war in Ukraine. For this purpose, qualitative research has been carried out. The analysed material consisted of messages posted on the websites of the ministries in the period from February 24 to April 1, 2022: Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova. The comparative analysis has shown that, while the Ukrainian ministry consistently posted information about the damage suffered by the environment, and not only in Ukraine, but also throughout Europe, the ministries of the countries neighbouring with Ukraine – with the exception of the Slovak ministry – did not provide information about the consequences of war for the environment.
Article 53 echr and Minimum Protection by the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Gerards Janneke
Published: November 2022

It is often emphasised that the European Convention on Human Rights (echr or Convention) offers only minimum protection and states are allowed to offer additional guarantees. Indeed, Article 53 echr obliges the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to respect such national guarantees if they go beyond the Convention. Similar provisions are usually included in human rights treaties as ‘priority clauses’, which mean that human rights bodies should respect more protective national laws. In such a reading, Article 53 could both add to and detract from the protection offered by the Convention, especially in cases where national and Convention rights clash. Based on an analysis of the Court’s case law, this paper shows that the Court does not rely on Article 53 in such conflicting rights cases, but rather prefers to use avoidance and balancing strategies. Instead, the Court uses Article 53 to reinforce national fundamental rights protection, thereby reducing the risk of harming the minimum level of protection provided by the Convention.
Cordyceps yaoluopingensis sp. nov., a new entomopathogenic species from China
Authors: YANG YU , XIAO YUAN-PING , CHENG YAN-NI , XU FEI-YAN , HAN HAO-MING , ZHANG KE , LUO XIA
Published: November 2022

Entomopathogenic fungi have evolved in concert with insects for a long time and possess unique insecticidal properties and significant biological control, and medicinal potential. However, they are frequently overlooked and many previously unknown species have yet to be discovered and described. Cordyceps yaoluopingensis, a new species from Yaoluoping Nature Reserve in Anhui Province, China is defined as a new species based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The new species has shorter synnemata, longer phialides and larger ovoid or fusiform conidia. Phylogenetic analysis using the six loci ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, rpb1 and rpb2 established the uniqueness of the new species.
An update on Termitomorpha Wasman (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) including a new species, species redescriptions and geographic extension
Authors: DA SILVA RUAN FELIPE , CARON EDILSON , CARVALHO-FILHO FERNANDO DA SILVA
Published: November 2022

The diversity of Staphylinidae found in termite nests is remarkable. The subfamily Aleocharinae alone contains more than 650 termitophilous species, with termitophilous tribes such as the Corotocini, which includes the genus Termitomorpha Wasman. Here, a new Termitomorpha species from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon is described. Both Termitomorpha fissipennis (Casey) and T. manni (Seevers) are recorded for the first time in Brazil for the states of Pará and Paraíba. The Termitomorpha species identification key is updated. A distribution map for the species is also provided.
Additional data on Olecryptotendipes secundus (Zorina, 2003) from Russian Far East, with a description of preimaginal stages (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: OREL OKSANA V.
Published: November 2022

The male of Olecryptotendipes secundus (Zorina, 2003) is redescribed. The pupae and larvae collected from the Amur River basin are described and illustrated for the first time. The diagnosis of the genus Olecryptotendipes Zorina, 2007 is supplemented and expanded. Keys to the Far Eastern species of the genus Olecryptotentipes Zorina for adult males, pupae and larvae are given.
Observational Study of Wind Velocity and Structures during Supertyphoons and Convective Gales over Land Based on a 356-m-High Meteorological Gradient Tower
Authors: Zhou Qian-Jin , Li Lei , Chan Pak-Wai , Cheng Xue-Ling , Lan Chang-Xing , Su Jia-Chen , He Yu-Qing , Yang Hong-Long
Published: November 2022

Supertyphoons (STs) and strong convection gales (SCGs) are extremely hazardous weather events over land. Knowledge of their processes is crucial for various applications, such as intensity forecasts of gales and the design of high-rise construction and infrastructure. Here, an observational analysis of two strong SCGs and two STs is presented based on data from the Shenzhen meteorological gradient tower, the tallest in Asia. Differences in the intrinsic physical characteristics measured at each event can be associated with different disaster-causing mechanisms. Wind speeds during STs are comparatively much larger but feature slower variations, while those of SCGs are more abrupt. Unlike that observed during STs, the vertical distribution of wind speeds during SCGs obeys a power law or exponential distribution only within 1-h maximum wind speed windows. In comparison with a Gaussian distribution, a generalized extreme value distribution can better characterize the statistical characteristics of the gusts of both STs and SCGs events. Deviations from Kolmogorov’s −5/3 power law were observed in the energy spectra of both phenomena at upper levels, albeit with differences. Different from what is seen in the ST energy spectrum distribution, a clear process of energy increase and decrease could be seen in SCGs during gale evolution. Nonetheless, both SCGs and STs exhibited a high downward transfer of turbulent momentum flux at a 320 m height, which could be attributed to the pulsation of the gusts rather than to the large-scale base flow.

Significance Statement

Strong gales induced by typhoons and severe convection have potential serious impacts on human society. The current study compares and analyzes the characteristics of the gales induced by the two different weather systems using the data observed by a 356-m-tall tower in South China. This paper also shows the relationship between gusts of the near-surface wind and the turbulent momentum fluxes, thus suggesting a possible mechanism leading to destructive forces in surface winds. In terms of social value, this study would contribute to increase the awareness of gales (the instantaneous wind speed over 17 m s−1) and improve the prediction and prevention of different types of gales, as well as the wind-resistant design of high-rise buildings.
The Role of Vortex Preconditioning in Influencing the Occurrence of Strong and Weak Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Yang Pengkun , Bao Ming , Ren Xuejuan , Tan Xin
Published: November 2022

The anomalous stratospheric state favoring the occurrence of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) is usually referred to as vortex preconditioning. This study investigates the role of vortex preconditioning in triggering strong and weak SSWs by using ERA5 reanalysis data. Strong and weak SSWs are distinguished by the amplitude of zonal wind deceleration of sudden stratospheric deceleration events. The robust stratospheric anomalies before strong SSWs last longer compared to weak SSWs, accompanied by stronger amplification of stratospheric wave activity near the warming. The stratospheric anomalies before weak SSWs have two significant enhancement stages, with two processes of stratospheric wave amplification. Robust stratospheric anomalies generally appear before tropospheric wave events (TWEs) followed by the strong and weak SSWs, which are absent before TWEs without SSWs. Stratospheric meridional potential vorticity gradient events (SPVEs) are defined to represent the anomalous stratospheric state during vortex preconditioning. The SPVEs can effectively modulate the stratospheric upward wave activity. No strong lower-tropospheric wave forcing is seen for the composites of both strong and weak SSWs preceded by SPVEs. These SSWs account for about 59% of the total SSWs. Furthermore, about 23% of strong SSWs and 36% of weak SSWs are only preceded by SPVEs without TWEs, indicating the major role of vortex preconditioning in triggering these SSWs. The SPVEs can be caused by wave breaking in the surfzone or the enhanced polar vortex, while the SPVEs preceded by clear wave breaking may be more favorable to the occurrence of SSWs.
Model Configuration versus Driving Model: Influences on Next-Day Regional Convection-Allowing Model Forecasts during a Real-Time Experiment
Authors: Roberts Brett , Clark Adam J. , Jirak Israel L. , Gallo Burkely T. , Bain Caroline , Flack David L. A. , Warner James , Schwartz Craig S. , Reames Larissa J.
Published: November 2022

As part of NOAA’s Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment (SFE) in 2020, an international collaboration yielded a set of real-time convection-allowing model (CAM) forecasts over the contiguous United States in which the model configurations and initial/boundary conditions were varied in a controlled manner. Three model configurations were employed, among which the Finite Volume Cubed-Sphere (FV3), Unified Model (UM), and Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) Model dynamical cores were represented. Two runs were produced for each configuration: one driven by NOAA’s Global Forecast System for initial and boundary conditions, and the other driven by the Met Office’s operational global UM. For 32 cases during SFE2020, these runs were initialized at 0000 UTC and integrated for 36 h. Objective verification of model fields relevant to convective forecasting illuminates differences in the influence of configuration versus driving model pertinent to the ongoing problem of optimizing spread and skill in CAM ensembles. The UM and WRF configurations tend to outperform FV3 for forecasts of precipitation, thermodynamics, and simulated radar reflectivity; using a driving model with the native CAM core also tends to produce better skill in aggregate. Reflectivity and thermodynamic forecasts were found to cluster more by configuration than by driving model at lead times greater than 18 h. The two UM configuration experiments had notably similar solutions that, despite competitive aggregate skill, had large errors in the diurnal convective cycle.
Professional Social Media in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: Usage, Resources, and Barriers
Authors: Landeen Kelly C. , Smetak Miriam R. , Keah Niobra M. , Davis Seth J. , Shastri Karthik , Patel Priyesh , Stephan Scott J. , Yang Shiayin F.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Social media is an important tool for networking, recruitment, and promoting clinical practice. No study has specifically assessed which FPRS practitioners have professional social media accounts, how they utilize them, and what barriers or resources exist to their use.

Objectives:

This study aims to examine differences in social media use based on provider demographics and practice setting, and identify resources and barriers to professional social media use.

Methods:

This cross-sectional analysis was an anonymous survey sent to AAFPRS members. Data collected included demographics, practice setting, resources, and barriers encountered to use of professional social media.

Results:

Most facial plastic surgeons (80%) use professional social media, notably Instagram and Facebook, and mostly post patient photos and stories (67.9%). Social media is more commonly utilized in private practice (56% vs 23%, P = .0016), where there are less institutional barriers (10% vs 40%, P = .02) and more resources available (82.5% vs 12.5%, P = .01).

Conclusions:

Social media is widely used in FPRS. Working in private practice is associated with increased availability of resources for support, and a reduction in institutional barriers to maintaining a social media presence. With this understanding, facial plastic surgeons can be better equipped for networking, marketing, and promoting the field of FPRS.
On the emergence and changing positions of old-established groupings in migration contexts: A process perspective on group formation in Jordan
Authors: Becker Johannes , Hinrichsen Hendrik , Worm Arne
Published: November 2022

While being ‘old-established’ is usually seen as a product of the social negotiation of migration, there is little empirical research on how this category evolves and changes over time. To unravel this process, we focus in this article on the group formation processes which contribute to the making and unmaking of being ‘old-established’ as a pattern of interpretation, a we-image and a potential power chance in various figurations. A combination of figurational and biographical approaches with an extended chronological horizon provides a theoretical and methodological framework to focus on when, and in what circumstances, residents distinguish between ‘old-established’ and ‘newcomers’ in their we- and they-images. Attention is paid to the socio-historical transformations which increase or reduce material and immaterial power chances (such as ownership of land, length of association and internal cohesion) within dynamic processes of group formation in migration societies. A multigenerational case study of an extended family in Jordan shows the complex processuality of how long-time residents become ‘old-established’ as a group, which expands their power chances, and under what circumstances this status can become eroded.
Crystallization mechanism and mechanical properties of CF/PPS thermoplastic composites manufactured by laser-assisted automated fiber placement
Authors: Zhao Dacheng , Li Zhefu , Liu Weiping , Li Ting , Yue Guangquan , Pan Lijian
Published: November 2022

In situ consolidation of the thermoplastic composites can be realized through laser-assisted automated fiber placement technology, and the properties of the composites are significantly affected by the crystallinity. Understanding the complicated crystallization process is very important for controlling the performance of the composites manufactured by automated fiber placement. In this work, the crystallization mechanism of carbon fiber/polyphenylene sulfide composites during the automated fiber placement process and its effect on the mechanical properties were investigated. Crystallization kinetics analysis indicated that the crystallization window of the carbon fiber/polyphenylene sulfide composites was 87–270°C. Furthermore, for carbon fiber/polyphenylene sulfide composites manufactured by automated fiber placement, the crystallinity was influenced by the parameters including laser temperature, placement speed and tool temperature, in which the tool temperature was the main factor. Increasing the tool temperature was an effective method to achieve high crystallinity. Meanwhile, when the tool temperature was in the range of the crystallization window, the composites could experience isothermal crystallization, which could further improve the crystallinity. With the increase of the tool temperature, the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength were improved due to the enhanced self-adhesion of the matrix, while the Mode І fracture toughness was decreased because of the reduction of the matrix ductility. The combination of the kinetic method and experimental study was conducive to a better understanding of the crystallization mechanism and optimization of the processing conditions.
Preliminary Extracellular Vesicle Profiling in Drainage Fluid After Neck Dissection in OSCC
Authors: Wang J. , Man Q.-W. , Fu Q.-Y. , Zhong N.-N. , Wang H.-Q. , Li S.-R. , Gao X. , Lin H. , Su F.-C. , Bu L.-L. , Chen G. , Liu B.
Published: November 2022

Lymph node metastasis is related to poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and few studies have explored the relevance of postoperative drainage fluid (PDF) in metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles that can transfer oncogenic molecules to regulate tumorigenesis. However, the proteomic profile of postoperative drainage fluid–derived EVs (PDF-EVs) in OSCC has not been elucidated. Herein, we collected drainage fluid from OSCC patients after neck dissection to investigate the difference in PDF-EVs between patients with metastatic lymph nodes (the LN+ group) and nonmetastatic lymph nodes (the LN− group). The proteomic profile of PDF-EVs from the LN+ and LN− groups was compared using label-free liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry–based protein quantification. The results revealed that PDF-EVs were mainly derived from epithelial cells and immune cells. A total of 2,134 proteins in the PDF-EVs were identified, and 313 were differentially expressed between the LN+ and LN− groups. Metabolic proteins, such as EHD2 and CAVIN1, were expressed at higher levels in the LN+ group than in the LN− group, and the levels of EHD2 and CAVIN1 in the postoperative drainage fluid were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis. Our study revealed previously undocumented postoperative drainage fluid–associated proteins in patients with metastatic OSCC, providing a starting point for understanding their role in metastatic and nonmetastatic OSCC.
Sustainable education and training in laboratory animal science and ethics in low- and middle-income countries in Africa – challenges, successes, and the way forward
Authors: Mohr Bert J , Souilem Ouajdi , Abdussamad Abdussamad M , Benmouloud Abelouafi , Bugnon Phillippe , Chipangura John K , Fahmy Sohair R , Fourie Tamsyn , Gaafar Khadiga , Jillani Ngalla E , Kantyok Josiah T , Martin Louise F , Mokopasetso Mokganedi , Mugisha Lawrence , Nyachieo Atunga , Lewis David I
Published: November 2022

Despite the recognised need for education and training in laboratory animal science (LAS) and ethics in Africa, access to such opportunities has historically been limited. To address this, the Pan-African Network for Laboratory Animal Science and Ethics (PAN-LASE) was established to pioneer a support network for the development of education and training in LAS and ethics across the African continent.

In the 4.5 years since the establishment of PAN-LASE, 3635 individuals from 28 African countries have participated in our educational activities. Returning to their home institutions, they have both established and strengthened institutional and regional hubs of knowledge and competence across the continent. Additionally, PAN-LASE supported the development of guidelines for establishment of institutional Animal Ethics Committees, a critical step in the implementation of ethical review processes across the continent, and in enhancing animal welfare and scientific research standards.

Key challenges and opportunities for PAN-LASE going forward include the formalisation of the network; the sustainability of education and training programmes; implementation of effective hub-and-spoke models of educational provision; strengthening governance frameworks at institutional, national and regional levels; and the availability of Africa-centric open access educational resources.

Our activities are enhancing animal welfare and the quality of animal research undertaken across Africa, enabling African researchers to undertake world-leading research to offer solutions to the challenges facing the continent. The challenges, successes and the lessons learnt from PAN-LASE’s journey are applicable to other low- and middle-income countries across the world seeking to enhance animal welfare, research ethics and ethical review in their own country or region.
Speed-Interviewing for Classroom Group Formation: How a Clever Twist on the Classic “Speed-Dating” Tradition Enhances Small Group Coursework
Authors: Sublett Lisa W. , Johnston Amanda M. , Walther Christine A. P. , Seahorn Christal , Moreno Georgina L. , Brownlee Latoya
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Students in higher education courses need to practice vital groupwork skills that are increasingly relevant in today's collaborative workplace, which often occurs through small group coursework.

Statement of the Problem:

The process of forming small groups with students who are committed to the topic and goals is frequently problematic.

Literature Review:

We review the literature on the advantages and disadvantages of common group formation strategies, such as self-assembly and professor assignment.

Teaching Implications:

We discuss the use of a unique method of forming small groups in a university setting through a fun, interactive activity based on the classic “speed-dating” exercise.

Conclusion:

We recommend that educators consider the use of a speed-interviewing group formation strategy to allow groups to form based on similar topic interests and work styles.
What If You Can’t Ask Them? Psychometric Properties of a Behavioral Assessment of Sibling Relationship Quality
Authors: Agnew Charlene N. , Fiani Theresa , Jones Emily A.
Published: November 2022

Building on studies of preferences for social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) we sought to provide a way for siblings with ASD to express their perspective about the quality of their sibling relationships. We developed a behavioral assessment of sibling relationship preference (Sibling Relationship Assessment [SRA]) and examined the psychometric properties of test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and convergent validity. The SRA was feasible to administer and revealed expected differences between sibling dyads with one sibling with ASD compared to typically-developing sibling dyads. We found strong positive correlations for inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability and convergent validity. The SRA provides a way to assess the perspective of the sibling with ASD that taps one characteristic, preference for spending time with one’s sibling, of the quality of sibling relationships.
How to select the optimal size of frozen elephant trunk in total arch replacement for type A acute aortic dissection
Authors: Morokuma Hiroyuki , Hamada Kouhei , Shimauchi Kouta , Osaki Jun , Takahashi Baku , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Hayashi Nagi , Jinnouchi Kouki , Itoh Manabu , Yunoki Junji , Kamohara Keiji
Published: November 2022

Background

Total arch replacement (TAR) with a frozen elephant trunk (FET) is a common technique for acute aortic dissection, but there is no consensus on the optimal size of the FET.

Methods

Forty-four patients who underwent TAR with FET for acute aortic dissection at our hospital since 2014 were included. The aortic diameter obtained from FET was measured on postoperative computed tomography (CT) and the estimated oversizing ratio was calculated. We investigated the relationship between the estimated oversizing ratio and postoperative outcomes. We also measured the maximum true lumen diameter, circumference of the true lumen, and total aortic diameter at the same level as the FET end on preoperative CT and examined the correlation with the aortic diameter obtained from FET.

Results

The average estimated oversizing ratio was 109%. Early postoperative CT showed complete thrombosis of the false lumen in 41 (93.2%) patients. No distal stent graft-induced new entry occurred during follow-up. The correlation coefficients between the three measurements and aortic diameter obtained from FET were 0.64 (maximum true lumen diameter), 0.76 (true lumen diameter calculated from circumference), and 0.72 (total aortic diameter), respectively.

Conclusions

The aortic diameter obtained from FET on postoperative CT was strongly correlated with the true lumen diameter calculated from the circumference and total aortic diameter on preoperative CT. It is reasonable to select a size of approximately 130% of the true lumen diameter calculated from the circumference or 80% to 85% of the total aortic diameter.
Determination of the relationship between dietary inflammatory index and depression status in female students
Authors: Arslan Ezgi , Ozlu Tugce , Kenger Emre Batuhan , Meral Koc Bilge
Published: November 2022

Background: The relationship between diet, inflammation and mental health has been receiving increasing interest. However, limited data are available on the inflammatory role of diet in university students, among whom depression is commonly observed. Aim: The aim of our study is to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and depression among female students of nutrition and dietetics department, whom we assume to be conscious about health. Methods: DII scores were determined by averaging the 3-day dietary records. Depression status of the students was determined by using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Our study was conducted with 122 female university students. The mean total BDI score of the students in the first tertile (more anti-inflammatory effect) was found significantly lower than those of the students in the second and third tertiles ( p = 0.001). In addition, there were no significant difference between the depression scores of the students and their grade level ( p = 0.114) and place of residence ( p = 0.866). We found a positive association between DII and depressive symptoms (Model 1, B = 0.512, %95 CI: 0.236–0.789, p = 0.000). This relationship was also found when adjusting for age, weight, body mass index, smoking status, and presence of chronic disease (Model 2, B = 0.496, %95 CI: 0.217–0.776, p = 0.006; Model 3, B = 0.493, %95 CI: 0.210–0.777, p = 0.024. Conclusion: Supporting that the inflammatory burden of diet is associated with mental health, our findings are of significance for the development of anti-inflammatory nutritional approaches among students who are prone to depression.
Necessities and luxuries in satisfying single lives
Authors: Park Yoobin , MacDonald Geoff
Published: November 2022

Despite the growing interest in single (unpartnered) individuals’ well-being, there is a lack of descriptive research providing a comprehensive understanding of what singles value in their lives. In this research, we adopted a budget allocation methodology to examine what domains are prioritized in single individuals’ construal of a satisfying single life. We recruited two samples of participants, one primarily consisting of singles from Europe and America ( N = 851) and the other from Korea ( N = 1012). Across the two samples, we found that singles gave high priority to being mentally and physically healthy and having good family relationships. Only when those essentials were accounted for did single individuals turn significant attention to other life domains such as having good friendships, available romantic connections, and sexual opportunities. These findings have implications for understanding single individuals’ life priorities and well-being and set the groundwork for further research on singlehood.
Community Service as a Criminal Sanction in Serbian Criminal Legislation
Authors: Ćorović Emir , Turanjanin Veljko , Spasić Dragana
Published: November 2022

This paper analyses the normative framework governing the punishment of community service in Serbian criminal legislation. In this legislation, community service is prescribed as a criminal sanction. Accordingly, the paper has analyzed the provisions of every law that regulates this criminal sanction as well as statistics. A good normative framework is a precondition for the proper implementation of all legal institutes, including community service. Comprehensive analysis of the substantive, procedural, and executive regulations related to the punishment in question, seeks to identify certain failures in its regulations, as well as to give certain suggestions de lege ferenda.
Broadening equitable planning: Understanding indirect displacement through seniors’ experiences in a resurgent Downtown Detroit
Authors: Mah Julie
Published: November 2022

Displacement is most commonly conceptualized as forced relocation or dislocation due to physical or economic reasons. However, this conceptualization reduces displacement to a simple spatial moment in time and overlooks indirect forms of displacement. Yet, indirect displacement holds serious implications for equitable planning initiatives that seek ‘revitalization without displacement’, as these initiatives tend to only address physical dislocation. Incorporating a better understanding of the different dimensions of displacement will help inform equitable development efforts that are more inclusive and just. This research uses Detroit as a case study to examine senior tenant experiences of indirect displacement in a rapidly gentrifying downtown. These ‘perspectives from below’ help shed light on the redevelopment impacts on seniors, which could then be concretely incorporated in community planning approaches. Based on in-depth qualitative interviews and participant observation, the findings illustrate the material ways in which seniors have experienced indirect displacement through feelings of exclusion and non-belonging, diminishing social space, and fears of direct displacement – all of which contribute to an on-going loss of sense of place. These experiences suggest a diminishing ability to create place for some, which reduces their ability to assert their right to the city. The paper concludes by considering how an intersectional approach to understanding displacement could help strengthen equitable planning approaches.
Responses of sedimentary proxy indicators to lake-level fluctuations on the central Tibetan Plateau since the last deglaciation
Authors: Yuan Kan , Sun Zhe , Li Can-Ge , Ji Kejia , Hou Xiaohuan , Wang Mingda , Hou Juzhi
Published: November 2022

Lake sediments are valuable archives to investigate past changes in climate and environment on various timescales. Closed-basin lakes can be regarded as precipitation gauges, which are ideal for studying past climate changes. However, the climatic implications of various sedimentary proxy indicators from closed-basin lakes are often confounded by lake-level fluctuations, which are affected by lake watershed processes, besides climate change. Here, we present records of multi-proxy indicators since the last deglaciation at Lake Cuoe, on the central Tibetan Plateau, which was once connected with Selin Co and became separated during the middle Holocene, as evidenced by a series of paleo-shorelines. The sedimentary proxies are categorized into three groups based on their origins, with differences in their environmental significance. The proxy indicators derived from within-lake processes effectively revealed past lake-level fluctuations, including the Ca/(Al, Ti, Fe) ratio, Fe/Mn ratio, carbonate minerals, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes of authigenic carbonate, and the percentage of aquatic inputs (Paq) derived from n-alkanoic acids. These proxy indicators showed obvious changes at ∼7–6 ka, when Lake Cuoe became hydrologically separated from Selin Co. The stable oxygen isotope record of Lake Cuoe, apparently modulated by lake-level changes, differs significantly from that from Selin Co. The proxy indicators reflecting watershed processes, including terrigenous elements, Rb/Sr ratio, grain size, and the chain length proxy based on n-alkanoic acids, directly reflected changes in the regional climate and environment. The proxy indicators derived from both allochthonous and authigenic sources, including total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN), reflected the effects of climate change as well as lake-level fluctuations. Overall, our results suggest that great caution should be applied in interpreting proxy records of climatic and environmental changes from closed-basin lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. They also highlight the potential of using sedimentary proxies to reconstruct continuous records of lake-level fluctuations.
The Roles of Top Management Team Innovation Orientation and Institutional Support on Organisational Learning and Innovation Performance
Authors: Lek Kha Len , Chu Jianxun , Horsey Emmanuel Mensah , Wang Jinjin , Huang Jiashun
Published: November 2022

Through the upper echelons and institutional theories, this study examines how top management team (TMT) innovation orientation and institutional support facilitate organisational learning and pave the way for innovation performance. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted using 552 entrepreneurial enterprises in mainland China. Our findings indicate that TMT innovation orientation positively mediates the relationship between organisational learning and innovation performance. Likewise, we found that institutional support positively moderates the relationship between organisational learning and TMT innovation orientation. The implications draw TMTs’ attention to consider enriching their innovation orientation by leveraging institutional support for their organisational learning and explorative and exploitative innovation performance. Lastly, government-tailored policies are essential to augment TMT innovation orientation to benefit their organisational learning and innovation performance.
Is Fear of COVID-19 Leading to Future Career Anxiety and Turnover Intentions? Problematic Social Media Use and Confidence in the Vaccine as a Mediator
Authors: Singh Sheetal , Kaurav Rahul Pratap Singh
Published: November 2022

This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on future career anxiety. It employs problematic social media use and confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine as the mediators to understand the impact of future career anxiety on the turnover intention during this pandemic. A structured questionnaire was used to collect responses from faculty of education institutes in India. Two hundred forty responses from 24 institutions are utilized for further analysis using PLS-SEM. Our findings show that the mediators, confidence in the vaccine and problematic social media use, mediate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and future career anxiety. Future career anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered turnover intention mainly due to the drastic change in the work culture it has brought in its wake. Fear of COVID-19 has a significant relationship with future career anxiety, leading to turnover intention among the faculty. Problematic social media use impacts future career anxiety. This study provides a model to explore the relationship between fear of COVID-19, and future career anxiety with confidence in vaccine and problematic social media use as the mediating variables. Our findings extend the conservation of resources theory.
Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of the Evidence Base for Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM)
Authors: Dunworth Kristina , Porras Fimbres Denisse , Trotta Rose , Hollins Andrew , Shammas Ronnie , Allori Alexander C. , Santiago Pedro E.
Published: November 2022

Objective

To critically appraise the body of scientific literature supporting the risks and efficacy of nasoalveolar molding (NAM), specifically in contrast to alternative methods of presurgical infant orthopedics (PSIO) or to treatment without PSIO.

Main Outcome Measures

Five outcome domains were considered: nasolabial aesthetics; dentoalveolar relationship; midfacial growth; cost and burden of care; and number of anesthetic events.

Design

MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus were queried for articles from the first description of the Grayson-Santiago NAM technique (1993) through December 13, 2021. After the application of inclusionary and exclusionary criteria, selected articles were critically appraised using a systematic framework that included risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools.

Results

A total of 88 studies were included. Level-I and -II evidence showed on par or better approximation and alveolar alignment achieved by NAM compared to other PSIO. Level-II and -III evidence showed improved nasolabial aesthetics compared to other PSIOs. Level-II and -III evidence supported no harm to maxillofacial skeletal growth through age 12. Sparse level-III evidence supported a reduced number of labial or nasal revisions following NAM. Level-II and -III evidence showed NAM requiring upfront cost and frequent appointments but reducing caregiver psychosocial burden and reducing long-term costs compared to select alternatives. Many studies carried a high risk of bias.

Conclusions

Current evidence supports the overall efficacy of NAM regarding short/mid-term outcomes, with a low risk of negative effects on midfacial growth or dental development. The high risk of bias discovered in many papers underscores the need for robust study design in future research.
The epidemiology of adults' eyelid malignancies in Germany between 2009 and 2015; An analysis of 42,710 patients' data
Authors: Alfaar Ahmad S , Suckert C Nathanael , Rehak Matus , Girbardt Christian
Published: November 2022

Purpose

We report the incidence of malignant tumors of the eyelid in Germany between 2009 and 2015.

Methods

Data pertaining to the period between 2009 and 2015 were extracted from the German Cancer Registry. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology-3 codes for tumors of the eyelid or canthus were used to identify incidence rates and survival probabilities. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated by age, year, and gender and the individual federated states. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meyer and Life tables methods, and COX-Regression was used to calculate hazard ratios for overall and cancer-specific survival.

Results

This study examined data pertaining to 42,710 patients who had been diagnosed with malignant tumors of the eyelid. Basal cell carcinoma was by far the most common tumor of the eyelid (87.1%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (10.1%) and malignant melanoma (1.1%). ASRs of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma were 65.1, 7.49, and 0.83 per million, respectively. Sebaceous cell carcinoma did not appear to be of high prevalence in Germany. Cancer-specific survival was generally high, exceeding 95%. The overall survival of patients with melanoma was considerably lower than those with other cancers. Both survival rates were inferior to that of basal cell carcinoma (74.9%). Cancer-Specific survival at five years for all groups exceeded 95%.

Conclusions

The incidence rates of malignant lid tumors match that of the European countries but shows a different pattern than Asian countries.
Results of ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty with donor corneas preserved in synthetic organ culture media
Authors: Fasolo Adriano , Franch Antonella , Monterosso Cristina , Camposampiero Davide , Frigo Anna Chiara , Amoureux Marie-Claude , Fortier Denis , Ponzin Diego
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To evaluate outcomes of ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (UT-DSAEK) with donor corneas preserved at 31°C in Cornea Syn®, a medium formulated with recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) to replace foetal calf serum, and deswelled-transported in the xeno-free medium Cornea Trans®.

Methods

Prospective, multicentre, open-label study. We evaluated the endothelial cell loss (ECL) as the percentage variation of the endothelial cell density (ECD, cells/mm2) between 6 and 12 months after surgery, corneal transparency and thickness at 12 months, and adverse events within 12 months. Endothelial lenticules of mean 89 μm, ECD ≥ 2300 cells/mm2, minimum signs of cell mortality or morphology alterations, were dissected by microkeratome in the eye bank, and grafted in patients ≥ 18 years without corneal neovascularisation, conjunctivalization, or blinking impairment.

Results

Thirty-five patients underwent UT-DSAEK, 3 showed primary failure, 1 late failure, and 2 skipped the 6-month visit. We analysed data from 29 patients, 27 with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and 2 with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK). The median ECL between 6 and 12 months was 2.6% ( p = .054, CI 0 to 12.5) and the absolute mean (SD) was 158.4 (364.1) cells/mm2. After 12 months, 96.5% of corneas were clear, with mean pachymetry of 585.9 (50.4) µm.

Conclusions

The ECL rate after UT-DSAEK match overall that observed in DSAEK or UT-DSAEK models of endothelial survival and the overall safety compared that reported for similar follow-up. Corneas maintained in Cornea Syn® and Cornea Trans® did not affect the ECD and functional outcomes of UT-DSAEK up to 12 months.
Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of early switching from bevacizumab to aflibercept or ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema
Authors: Ataş Mustafa , Ozsaygılı Cemal , Bayram Nurettin , Unal Sefa
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The study aimed to compare the anatomical and functional gains of switching to ranibizumab or aflibercept in eyes with treatment-naive diabetic macular edema (DME) which has an inadequate response to three consecutive bevacizumab injections.

Methods

This observational, retrospective, comparative study presented 12-month results of 80 patients with DME. One eye of each patient was enrolled, and bevacizumab was switched as aflibercept (40 eyes) or ranibizumab (40 eyes). DME was diagnosed based on a fundoscopic examination, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), central macular thickness (CMT), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Results

Forty-one patients (51.2%) were male, and 39 (48.8%) were female, with a mean age of 62.3 ± 6.7 years. At the end of the study, the mean number of intravitreal injections was 8.1 ± 1.8 in the aflibercept group, whereas 8.9 ± 1.4 in the ranibizumab ( p = 0.091). The mean CMT decreased from 449.2 ± 69.3 µm to 311.0 ± 48.9 µm in the aflibercept group, and from 444.9 ± 109.2 µm to 316.3 ± 54.5 µm in the ranibizumab group (for both, p < 0.0001). The mean BVCA increased from 49.2 ± 11.1 ETDRS letters to 62.5 ± 9.9 in the aflibercept group ( p < 0.0001) and from 49.9 ± 12.0 ETDRS letters to 61.1 ± 9.1 in the ranibizumab group ( p < 0.0001). Macular laser treatment was required in 17.5% of the aflibercept group and 22.5% of the ranibizumab group ( p = 0.781).

Conclusion

Significant improvement was observed with ranibizumab and aflibercept treatments in initial bevacizumab-resistant DME. Early switching therapy may contribute to better visual and anatomical outcomes.
Cherishing the heritage language: Predictors of parental heritage language maintenance efforts
Authors: Hollebeke Ily , Dekeyser Graziela N. M. , Caira Thomas , Agirdag Orhan , Struys Esli
Published: November 2022

Aims:

Multilingual families are often challenged with the transmission of their heritage language (HL) to future generations. Departing from this observation, this study aims to investigate which factors correlate with multilingual families’ HL maintenance efforts. The variables taken into account are the families’ language policy (FLP), advice from both Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) professionals and other (informal) sources, the parents’ linguistic and educational resources, as well as their migration generation.

Methodology:

Exclusively quantitative in nature, the data for this study involve 776 multilingual families in the Flemish community of Belgium.

Analysis:

These data have subsequentially been subjected to two inferential analyses: a bivariate correlational analysis followed by a logistic regression for a more detailed understanding of the relations at play.

Findings:

The results indicate a positive correlation between families’ policies and their HL maintenance efforts, in addition to confirming the independence of FLP’s three components (beliefs, practices, and management). Furthermore, contrary to advice from ECCE professionals, advice from other sources is positively and significantly associated with HL maintenance efforts. Finally, families comprised of parents with access to higher linguistic and educational resources are less likely to try and pass on the HL to their children, probably favouring the acquisition of the institutional language (IL).

Originality:

This paper quantitatively explores factors that correlate with parental HL maintenance efforts using a large and language-diverse sample. This quantitative approach facilitates generalizations for future (qualitative) research and advice-giving bodies to build on.

Significance:

Our findings bring about greater insights into the motivation of parents concerning HL maintenance and could contribute to the advice given to multilingual families.