bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compliance of 400ZR+ Interfaces with Legacy Fixed Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers in Metro WDM Networks
Authors: Zami Thierry , Lavigne Bruno
Published: January 2022

We investigate the tolerance of the 400ZR+ elastic transponders to optical filtering in WDM metropolitan network equipped with 100 GHz-spaced fixed optical add/drop multiplexers initially designed for channels slower than 35 GBaud.
Scaling Silicon Photonic Switches and Digitalization of The Optical Layer
Authors: Namiki Shu , Matsumoto Ryosuke , Inoue Takashi , Ishii Kiyo
Published: January 2022

The state-of-the-art silicon photonic switches will be introduced as scalable as a bi- section bandwidth of 125 Pbps with a radix of more than 130,000 through 9-stage Clos topology. Then, to handle such large-scale photonic systems generally and automatically in the future converged network and compute, the functional block-based disaggregation model will be addressed as a key.
Neuromorphic Integrated Photonics as Hardware Accelerators for Ultra-high Speed Telecom and Imaging Applications
Authors: Bogris Adonis , Sozos Kostas , Tsirigotis Aris , Mesaritakis Charis
Published: January 2022

In this paper we propose a new neuromorphic photonic integrated architecture based on recurrent optical filters as core reservoir computing building blocks forming an efficient hardware accelerator for pattern recognition in telecom and imaging applications.
Speckle-based Telecommunication and Computing in Multimode Fibers
Authors: Pauwels Jaël , Van der Sande Guy , Verschaffelt Guy
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate the exploitation of dynamically changing speckle patterns for the implementation of a space division multiplexing scheme and for performing photonic computation within the framework of reservoir computing.
Photonics for Neuromorphic Computing and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Shastri B. J. , Huang C. , Tait A. N. , Prucnal P. R.
Published: January 2022

Neuromorphic photonics exploit optical device physics for neuron models, and optical interconnects for distributed, parallel, and analog processing for high-bandwidth, low-latency and low switching energy applications in artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing.
Full scale structural, mechanical and dynamical properties of HIV-1 liposomes
Authors: Bryer Alexander J. , Reddy Tyler , Lyman Edward , Perilla Juan R.
Published: January 2022

Enveloped viruses are enclosed by a lipid membrane inside of which are all of the components necessary for the virus life cycle; viral proteins, the viral genome and metabolites. Viral envelopes are lipid bilayers that adopt morphologies ranging from spheres to tubes. The envelope is derived from the host cell during viral replication. Thus, the composition of the bilayer depends on the complex constitution of lipids from the host-cell’s organelle(s) where assembly and/or budding of the viral particle occurs. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of authentic, asymmetric HIV-1 liposomes are used to derive a unique level of resolution of its full-scale structure, mechanics and dynamics. Analysis of the structural properties reveal the distribution of thicknesses of the bilayers over the entire liposome as well as its global fluctuations. Moreover, full-scale mechanical analyses are employed to derive the global bending rigidity of HIV-1 liposomes. Finally, dynamical properties of the lipid molecules reveal important relationships between their 3D diffusion, the location of lipid-rafts and the asymmetrical composition of the envelope. Overall, our simulations reveal complex relationships between the rich lipid composition of the HIV-1 liposome and its structural, mechanical and dynamical properties with critical consequences to different stages of HIV-1’s life cycle.
Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of pig-hunting dogs and humans in North Queensland
Authors: Orr Bronwyn , Westman Mark E. , Malik Richard , Purdie Auriol , Craig Scott B. , Norris Jacqueline M.
Published: January 2022

Background

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution, caused by pathogenic serovars in the genus Leptospira. Feral pigs are known carriers of Leptospira species and pig hunting using dogs is a common recreational activity in Queensland, Australia.

Methodology and principal findings

This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. serovars in pig-hunting dogs above the Tropic of Capricorn in Queensland and by establishing the geographic distribution, serovars and incidence of human cases of leptospirosis in Queensland, identify potential overlap between human and canine exposure. We also explored the knowledge and risk-taking behaviours of pig-hunting dog owners towards zoonotic diseases.

Ninety-eight pig-hunting dogs deemed healthy by physical examination and owned by 41 people from Queensland had serum submitted for Microscopic Agglutination Testing (MAT) to determine antibody titres against Leptospira serovars, while 40/41 dog owners completed a survey on their knowledge of diseases relating to pig hunting. Human leptospirosis cases (n = 330) notified to Queensland Health between 2015–2018 were analysed.

Approximately one quarter (23/87; 26%) of unvaccinated pig-hunting dogs were seropositive to Leptospira spp. Although harder to interpret, 8/11 (73%) vaccinated dogs were seropositive to Leptospira spp. Pig hunters may be more likely to contract leptospirosis compared with the general Queensland population, based on responses from surveyed hunters. The highest concentration of human leptospirosis was in the wet tropics region of Far North Queensland. There was little overlap between the serovars dogs were exposed to and those infecting humans. The dominant serovar identified in unvaccinated dogs was Australis (13/23; 57%), with serovar Arborea (36/330; 10.9%) responsible for the highest number of human leptospirosis cases. Topaz was the second most common serovar in both humans and dogs and was previously unrecorded in Australian dogs. Most hunters surveyed used hand washing as a zoonotic disease risk reduction technique.

Conclusions

Leptospirosis is an emerging disease of growing significance. The infection requires a ‘one health’ approach to understand its epidemiology. With shifting climatic patterns influencing human-animal-environment interactions, ongoing monitoring of diseases like leptospirosis is critical to helping prevent infection of individuals and disease outbreaks.
Longitudinal assessment of the exposure to Ascaris lumbricoides through copromicroscopy and serology in school children from Jimma Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Dana Daniel , Roose Sara , Vlaminck Johnny , Ayana Mio , Mekonnen Zeleke , Geldhof Peter , Levecke Bruno
Published: January 2022

Background

We previously demonstrated that serology holds promise as an alternative diagnostic tool to copromicroscopy to monitor and evaluate deworming programs targeting soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Here we explored the dynamics of anti-Ascaris antibodies (Ab) and evaluated the Ab-isotype of choice to assess the longitudinal exposure to Ascaris in Ethiopian school children.

Methodology

Between October 2018 and February 2020, stool and blood samples were collected every four months from school children (4 to 6 years of age). Stool samples were analyzed by duplicate Kato-Katz to assess the presence and intensity of any STH infection. Plasma Ab-responses against the total extract of Ascaris suum lung third stage larvae were measured through in-house Ab-ELISA’s for seven different Ab-isotypes.

Principal findings

At baseline, 42.4% of the 66 children were excreting eggs of any STH, Trichuris (37.9%) being the most prevalent. The cumulative prevalence (proportion of children tested that positive at least once over the entire study period) was 56.1% for Trichuris and 31.8% for Ascaris. For Ascaris, re-infections were frequently observed, whereas for Trichuris, children often remained excreting eggs following drug administration. When measuring anti-Ascaris Ab-levels, the cumulative seroprevalence was generally higher (IgG4: 60.6%; IgG1: 50.0%; IgE: 36.4%). The individual anti-Ascaris IgG4 levels at baseline were positively associated with the fecal egg counts averaged over the study period, the rate of egg-appearance and the number of positive test results. There was no apparent cross-reactivity between the anti-Ascaris IgG4 Ab-ELISA and Trichuris.

Conclusions/Significance

We demonstrate that the children are exposed to STH before the age of four and that the exposure to Ascaris is underestimated when measured with copromicroscopy. Compared to other Ab-isotypes, IgG4 is the Ab-isotype of choice to measure Ascaris exposure in STH endemic settings. Finally, the results also highlight that measuring anti-Ascaris IgG4 levels holds promise as a tool to identify individuals at higher risk for continued exposure to this STH.
Evaluation of the CL Detect Rapid Test in Ethiopian patients suspected for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: van Henten Saskia , Fikre Helina , Melkamu Roma , Dessie Dilargachew , Mekonnen Tigist , Kassa Mekibib , Bogale Tadfe , Mohammed Rezika , Cnops Lieselotte , Vogt Florian , Pareyn Myrthe , van Griensven Johan
Published: January 2022

Background

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is common in Ethiopia, mainly affecting impoverished populations in rural areas with poor access to health care. CL is routinely diagnosed using skin slit smear microscopy, which requires skilled staff and appropriately equipped laboratories. We evaluated the CL Detect Rapid Test (InBios, Washington, USA), which is supplied with a dental broach sampling device, as a diagnostic alternative which could be used in field settings.

Methodology/Principal findings

We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the CL Detect Rapid Test on skin slit and dental broach samples from suspected CL patients at the Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center in Gondar, Ethiopia. A combined reference test of microscopy and PCR on the skin slit sample was used, which was considered positive if one of the two tests was positive. We recruited 165 patients consecutively, of which 128 (77.6%) were confirmed as CL. All microscopy-positive results (n = 71) were also PCR-positive, and 57 patients were only positive for PCR. Sensitivity of the CL Detect Rapid Test on the skin slit was 31.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 23.9–39.7), which was significantly higher (p = 0.010) than for the dental broach (22.7%, 95% CI 16.3–30.6). Sensitivity for both methods was significantly lower than for the routinely used microscopy, which had a sensitivity of 55.5% (IQR 46.8–63.8) compared to PCR as a reference.

Conclusions/Significance

The diagnostic accuracy of the CL Detect Rapid Test was low for skin slit and dental broach samples. Therefore, we do not recommend its use neither in hospital nor field settings.

Trial registration

This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03837431.
Complete sequences of epidermin and nukacin encoding plasmids from oral-derived Staphylococcus epidermidis and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Nakazono Kenta , Le Mi Nguyen-Tra , Kawada-Matsuo Miki , Kimheang Noy , Hisatsune Junzo , Oogai Yuichi , Nakata Masanobu , Nakamura Norifumi , Sugai Motoyuki , Komatsuzawa Hitoshi
Published: January 2022

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a commensal bacterium in humans. To persist in the bacterial flora of the host, some bacteria produce antibacterial factors such as the antimicrobial peptides known as bacteriocins. In this study, we tried to isolate bacteriocin-producing S. epidermidis strains. Among 150 S. epidermidis isolates from the oral cavities of 287 volunteers, we detected two bacteriocin-producing strains, KSE56 and KSE650. Complete genome sequences of the two strains confirmed that they carried the epidermin-harboring plasmid pEpi56 and the nukacin IVK45-like-harboring plasmid pNuk650. The amino acid sequence of epidermin from KSE56 was identical to the previously reported sequence, but the epidermin synthesis-related genes were partially different. The prepeptide amino acid sequences of nukacin KSE650 and nukacin IVK45 showed one mismatch, but both mature peptides were entirely similar. pNuk650 was larger and had an additional seven ORFs compared to pIVK45. We then investigated the antibacterial activity of the two strains against several skin and oral bacteria and found their different activity patterns. In conclusion, we report the complete sequences of 2 plasmids coding for bacteriocins from S. epidermidis, which were partially different from those previously reported. Furthermore, this is the first report to show the complete sequence of an epidermin-carrying plasmid, pEpi56.
Analysis of co-authorship networks among Brazilian graduate programs in computer science
Authors: Nunes da Silva Alex , Breve Matheus Montanini , Mena-Chalco Jesús Pascual , Lopes Fabrício Martins
Published: January 2022

The growth and popularization of platforms on scientific production has been the subject of several studies, producing relevant analyses of co-authorship behavior among groups of researchers. Researchers and their scientific productions can be analysed as co-authorship social networks, so researchers are linked through common publications. In this context, co-authoring networks can be analysed to find patterns that can describe or characterize them. This work presents the analysis and characterization of co-authorship networks of academic Brazilian graduate programs in computer science. Data from Brazilian researchers were collected and modeled as co-authoring networks among the graduate programs that researchers take part in. Each network topology was analysed with complex network measurements and three proposed qualitative indices that evaluate the publication’s quality. In addition, the co-authorship networks of the computer science graduate programs were characterized in relation to the assessment received by CAPES, which attributes a qualitative grade to the graduate programs in Brazil. The results show the most relevant topological measurements for the program’s characterization and the evaluations received by the programs in different qualitative degrees, relating the main topological patterns of the co-authorship networks and the CAPES grades of the Brazilian graduate programs in computer science.
Validation of Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) rule in children with minor head trauma
Authors: Cho Sooje , Hwang Soyun , Jung Jae Yun , Kwak Young Ho , Kim Do Kyun , Lee Jin Hee , Jung Jin Hee , Park Joong Wan , Kwon Hyuksool , Suh Dongbum
Published: January 2022

The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) rule is commonly used for predicting the need for computed tomography (CT) scans in children with mild head trauma. The objective of this study was to validate the PECARN rule in Korean children presenting to the pediatric emergency department (PED) with head trauma. This study was a multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study in two teaching PEDs in Korea between August 2015 and August 2016. In this observational study, 448 patients who visited PEDs were included in the final analysis. Risk stratification was performed with clinical decision support software based on the PECARN rule, and decisions to perform CT scans were subsequently made. Patients were followed-up by phone call between 7 days and 90 days after discharge from the PED. The sensitivity and specificity were analyzed. The sensitivity was 100% for all age groups, and no cases of clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) were identified in the very-low-risk group. CT scans were performed for 14.7% of patients in this study and for 33.8% in the original PECARN study. The PECARN rule successfully identified low-risk patients, and no cases of ciTBI were missed despite the reduced proportion of patients undergoing CT scans.
Evolution of the quality of prenatal care in the primary network of Brazil from 2012 to 2018: What can (and should) improve?
Authors: Tomasi Elaine , de Assis Thales Moura , Muller Paulo Guilherme , da Silveira Denise Silva , Neves Rosália Garcia , Fantinel Everton , Thumé Elaine , Facchini Luiz Augusto
Published: January 2022

The article describes the temporal evolution of prenatal quality indicators in the primary health care network in Brazil and investigates regional differences. This study used data from the external evaluation of Brazil’s National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ) with health teams participating in Cycles I, II and III of the Program, carried out respectively in 2012, 2013/14 and 2017/18. The number of visits, physical examination procedures, guidelines and request for laboratory tests were investigated. There was a positive evolution for tests—HIV, syphilis, blood glucose and ultrasound, and for all tests, guidance on feeding and weight gain of the baby and examination of the oral cavity. The indicators that performed the worst were: performance of tetanus vaccine, six or more visits, receiving guidance on exclusive breastfeeding and care for the newborn, and the procedures—all, measurement of uterine height, gynecological exam and cervix cancer prevention. These changes had a varied behavior between the regions of the country.
Are we there yet? A systematic literature review of Open Educational Resources in Africa: A combined content and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Tlili Ahmed , Altinay Fahriye , Huang Ronghuai , Altinay Zehra , Olivier Jako , Mishra Sanjaya , Jemni Mohamed , Burgos Daniel
Published: January 2022

Although several studies have been conducted to summarize the progress of open educational resources (OER) in specific regions, only a limited number of studies summarize OER in Africa. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic literature review to explore trends, themes, and patterns in this emerging area of study, using content and bibliometric analysis. Findings indicated three major strands of OER research in Africa: (1) OER adoption is only limited to specific African countries, calling for more research and collaboration between African countries in this field to ensure educational equity; (2) most of the OER initiatives in Africa have focused on the creation process and neglected other important perspectives, such as dissemination and open educational practices (OEP) using OER; and (3) on top of the typical challenges for OER adoption (e.g., infrastructure), other personal challenges were identified within the African context, including culture, language, and personality. The findings of this study suggest that more initiatives and cross-collaborations with African and non-African countries in the field of OER are needed to facilitate OER adoption in the region. Additionally, it is suggested that researchers and practitioners should consider individual differences, such as language, personality and culture, when promoting and designing OER for different African countries. Finally, the findings can promote social justice by providing insights and future research paths that different stakeholders (e.g., policy makers, educators, practitioners, etc.) should focus on to promote OER in Africa.
Strategic interaction of original equipment manufacturers between outsourcing and purchasing in a quality-differentiated market
Authors: Yang Dan , Liu Sen , Zhang Zhe , Huang Fu , Wang Jingyang
Published: January 2022

Economic globalization has swept the whole world. To focus on their main business, enterprises that are referred to as original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) outsource non-core production activities to contract manufacturers (CMs). By constructing a two-level supply chain consisting of two competing OEMs and one upstream CM, the strategic interaction of the OEMs between outsourcing and purchasing is studied. Specifically, the CM can offer custom- and predefined modes of original equipment manufacturing (namely, CO mode and PO mode, respectively). The former mode enables OEMs to determine product quality, while the latter only allows them to purchase from several quality configurations. The results show that, first, since the CO mode allows the adopter to lead the product design, whether to choose this mode depends on the required R&D cost. Interestingly, however, a lower R&D cost does not necessarily result in the adoption of the CO mode if the product quality difference is small under the PO mode. Second, the optimal purchasing strategy of an OEM is indifferent to the outsourcing mode (CO and PO) of its rival but significantly affected by the quality cost. However, compared to the PO mode, choosing the CO mode would cause the competitor to suffer more profit losses. Third, differing from the prior literature, this paper finds that when the downstream OEM can make quality decisions, although this may lead to profit loss of the contract manufacturer in some channels, it could benefit the CM overall.
Community Radio in South Asia: Reclaiming the Airwaves, Kanchan K. Malik and Vinod Pavarala (eds) (2020)
Authors: Sahai Shrinkhla
Published: January 2022

Review of: Community Radio in South Asia: Reclaiming the Airwaves, Kanchan K. Malik and Vinod Pavarala (eds) (2020)

New York: Routledge, 294 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-138-55853-3, h/bk, $65.42, e-book, $48.95
Los neologismos no nos sirven únicamente para expresarnos y para denominar, nos sirven también para distinguirnos de los demás
Authors: Cabré María Teresa
Published: January 2022

En esta entrevista, realizada en el marco del III Congreso Internacional de Neología en las Lenguas Románicas (CINEO) celebrado en Salamanca en 2015, la Catedrática de Lingüística y Terminología María Teresa Cabré habla de los límites y las posibilidades de la teoría, destaca el papel de los hablantes como vigilantes de la lengua y reivindica el multilingüismo.
Effect of Different Modalities of Purgative Preparation on the Diagnostic Yield of Small Bowel Capsule for the Exploration of Suspected Small Bowel Bleeding: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rahmi Gabriel , Cholet Franck , Gaudric Marianne , Filippi Jérôme , Duburque Clotilde , Bramli Slim , Quentin Vincent , Alavi Zarrin , Nowak Emmanuel , Saurin Jean Christophe , Cellier Christophe , Quénéhervé Lucille ,   PREPINTEST working group
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:

The aim of our study was to compare clear liquid diet with 2 different polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based bowel preparation methods regarding diagnostic yield of small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) in patients with suspected small bowel bleeding (SBB).

METHODS:

In this prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial, consecutive patients undergoing SBCE for suspected SBB between September 2010 and February 2016 were considered. Patients were randomly assigned to standard regimen, that is, clear fluids only (prep 1), standard regimen plus 500 mL PEG after SBCE ingestion (prep 2), or standard regimen plus 2 L PEG plus 500 mL PEG after SBCE ingestion (prep 3). The primary outcome was the detection of at least one clinically significant lesion in the small bowel. The quality of small bowel cleansing was assessed. A questionnaire on the clinical tolerance was filled by the patients.

RESULTS:

We analyzed 834 patients. No significant difference was observed for detection of P1 or P2 small bowel lesions between prep1 group (40.5%), prep 2 group (40.2%), and prep 3 group (38.5%). Small bowel cleansing was improved in prep 2 and 3 groups compared with that in prep 1 group. Compliance to the preparation and tolerance was better in prep 2 group than in prep 3 group.

DISCUSSION:

Small bowel purgative before SBCE allowed better quality of cleansing. However, it did not improve diagnostic yield of SBCE for suspected SBB.
Successful Hemostasis of Bleeding From an Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery-Esophageal Fistula After Stenting
Authors: DeDecker Lauren , El Hage Chehade Nabil , Sowa Piotr , Samarasena Jason , Lee John G.
Published: January 2022

We present a case of a 62-year-old woman with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding from an aberrant subclavian artery to an esophageal fistula after esophageal stent placement. The bleeding was successfully stopped with endoscopic hemostatic powder therapy allowing the patient to undergo definitive surgical bypass.
Impedance Planimetry for Crohn's Disease Anastomotic Stricture Characterization: A Predictor of Treatment Response?
Authors: Ismail Mohamed Saleh , Akshintala Venkata S. , Kumbhari Vivek , Selaru Florin M.
Published: January 2022

Intestinal strictures affect one-third of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) within 10 years of disease onset. Quantification of fibrosis and/or inflammation within the stricture may help in choosing the appropriate treatment. Current endoscopic imaging modalities could benefit from the transmural characterization of tissue modeling from fibrosis. We report the application of EndoFLIP during balloon dilation and stricturotomy of CD-related ileocolonic anastomotic stricture. A low EndoFLIP distensibility was noted which improved after endotherapy. This proof-of-concept application supports the use of EndoFLIP to characterize CD anastomotic stricture and real-time assessment of response to endotherapy.
A Case of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasized to the Colonic Anastomotic Site of Right Hemicolectomy
Authors: Zhang Yingtao , Dam Aamir , Nakanishi Yukihiro
Published: January 2022

A 73-year-old woman with a history of right hemicolectomy for advanced ascending colon cancer 14 years earlier was referred to our facility for a 2-month history of solid food dysphagia. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a 7-cm fungating and ulcerated mass in the middle to lower esophagus. The biopsy from the esophageal mass showed a moderately to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. A colonoscopy showed an end-to-end ileocolonic anastomosis with a 7-mm ulceration in the transverse colon. The biopsy of the ulceration at the anastomotic site showed a moderately to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with a morphology similar to that of the esophageal mass, rendering the diagnosis of metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Colonic metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, especially at the anastomotic site, is extremely rare. Although surgical trauma may not have contributed to the anastomotic site metastasis, given the distant timeline, its role in the pathogenesis of metastasis cannot be completely ruled out.
“Something there is that doesn’t Love a Wall”
Authors: Grzegorczyk Blanka
Published: January 2022

This chapter reads post-9/11 children’s fiction such as Sita Brahmachari’s Tender Earth (2017) and Rachel Anderson’s Asylum (2011) as a counter-narrative to the voices of anti-immigrant rhetoric that reduce human beings to the status of objects and threats, as an expression of a common humanity that involves young readers in a recognition of its fundamental condition of precariousness, and as an opening up to globality that seeks to conceive of the cosmo-political solidarity required by anti-racism as an intergenerational and intercultural tackling of global imbalances of power. The chapter traces the way in which these writers credit their young protagonists with the capacity to mobilize such alliances, which are shaped by a rearticulated humanist ethics focused on the precariousness of all life and by principled opposition to the nationalist, racist, and rights-stripping thinking with which the popular language of immigration has been entangled.
Attitudes of Secondary School Science Teachers toward Teaching Diverse Students
Authors: Atika Iva Nandya , Kawai Norimune , Funabashi Atsuhiko
Published: January 2022

Teachers’ attitudes are crucial to promote inclusive science practices, including those with special educational needs (SEN). This study aimed to investigate science teachers’ attitudes toward teaching diverse student and to identify the elements that may influence teachers in a positive manner toward including SEN students in science classrooms. 202 science teachers in the Banjarnegara Regency, Indonesia participate this study. A survey was conducted and analyzed by a three-way ANOVA test to know the relationship among teachers’ variables and their attitudes toward teaching diverse student groups. The results suggested that 71.8% teachers have moderately positive attitudes concerning teaching diverse student groups in general education classrooms. There were no statistically significant interaction effects among teachers’ variables. Teachers’ personal experiences in interacting with SEN students were found to be the main effect that contributes teachers in acquiring positive attitudes toward involving SEN students in regular classrooms (p < 0.01).
Sikap guru sangat penting untuk mendukung praktik pembelajaran IPA yang inklusif, termasuk pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki sikap guru IPA dalam menghadapi peserta didik yang beragam dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi secara positif sikap guru IPA dalam mengikutsertakan ABK pada pembelajaran IPA. Survei dilakukan pada 202 guru IPA di Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Indonesia menggunakan kuisioner ATTDS dan dianalisis dengan tes ANOVA tiga arah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variable guru IPA yang diteliti dan sikap guru IPA terhadap pembelajaran di kelas. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa 71,8% guru IPA memiliki sikap yang cukup positif terhadap seluruh skala ATTDS. Secara statistik tidak ditemukan efek interaksi yang signifikan antara ketiga variabel. Pengalaman guru IPA berinteraksi dengan ABK ditemukan sebagai aspek utama yang memberikan konstibusi signifikan pada perbedaan sikap guru IPA dalam memperoleh sikap positif untuk melibatkan ABK di kelas IPA reguler (p<0,01).
La educación en igualdad de género en la infancia y la adolescencia en las aulas españolas: Una inversión para la transformación social
Authors: Valle Aparicio J. Eliseo
Published: January 2022

La igualdad de género constituye un valor jurídico fundamental de las sociedades modernas. Sin embargo, la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres es aún hoy un rasgo axial en la sociedad española, y ante ello la educación desempeña un papel clave. Esta investigación analiza la capacidad de los centros escolares españoles de infantil y primaria para ofrecer una educación en igualdad, válida para abordar la violencia de género, mediante su prevención desde los inicios del proceso de educación y socialización. Para ello aborda la existencia de prejuicios sexistas, los materiales y textos escolares, el papel y la formación del profesorado, el interés de las familias o las estrategias de los propios centros educativos al respecto. Las técnicas de investigación utilizadas han sido una encuesta a los equipos directivos de una elevada muestra de centros escolares españoles (388), complementada con entrevistas en profundidad (16), y con el análisis de documentación académica institucional. El estudio muestra la pervivencia de importantes estereotipos de género, y propone atacar las raíces de la desigualdad desde la escuela, ejerciendo nuestra responsabilidad ética como sociedad en la construcción de una cultura de igualdad de oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres y de prevención de la violencia de género.
Movimentos sociais do campo, práxis política e inclusão em educação: Perspectivas e avanços no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Dos Santos Arlete Ramos , Barbosa Lia Pinheiro
Published: January 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a concepção de Inclusão na perspectiva dos movimentos sociais do campo do Brasil. Nesse sentido, coloca em debate que esta concepção não se restringe a uma dimensão de garantia de direitos individuais, conforme o sentido atribuído pelo direito e cidadania liberais. Ao contrário, parte da premissa de que a inclusão constitui um direito coletivo e que prescinde sua articulação a um projeto político de caráter emancipatório. Com base nesse marco analítico, o artigo apresentará como se materializa uma abordagem da inclusão na práxis política dos movimentos sociais do campo, em particular, na reivindicação do direito à educação, dando conta de situar lugar de inserção dessa concepção de inclusão na disputa de políticas educativas para o campo e que tem relação com a luta em defesa da terra e da Reforma Agrária Popular. Do mesmo modo, o artigo faz também um balanço da Educação do Campo, destaca os avanços e os desafios postos a uma acepção da inclusão, permanentemente tensionada pela disputa hegemônica com o Estado capitalista.
Searching for equity-centered change agents: An investigation of family and community engagement in teacher evaluation frameworks
Authors: Mayger Linda K. , Provinzano Kathleen
Published: January 2022

Federal legislation in the United States granted states freedom to alter formerly test-based teacher evaluation systems and situate family engagement as a key component in school improvement efforts. Concurrently, theorizing on family engagement has moved away from deficit characterizations and school-based involvement to an asset-based approach focused on equitable stakeholder collaborations committed to driving systemic change. Seeking to understand how states are characterizing exemplary teaching in terms of family and community engagement, the current study uses directed qualitative content analysis to examine 15 teacher evaluation rubrics or standards. The findings indicate that many evaluation systems were narrowly focused on the procedural aspects of teaching and teacher engagement with families was too often viewed merely as a mechanism to yield academic gains and meet legal requirements. The rubrics that explicitly stated that teachers should be culturally responsive provided a semblance of hope for pushing evaluative practices through the engagement barrier and into a space of collaboration that departs from dominant school-based approaches. These results have implications for the design of teacher evaluation policy and the furthering of equity-centered partnerships with families and communities.
THE CALCULATION OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERRING PROCESSES IN THE FAN COOLING TOWER SPRINKLER CHANNELS IN CASE OF A SECTION OF SATURATED HUMID AIR
Authors:   Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk, Russian Federation, Gubarev V.Ya. , Arzamastsev A.G. , Yartsev A.G. , Moreva Yu.O.
Published: January 2022

The flow of air in the fan cooling tower sprinkler channels in certain initial conditions may be characterized by the presence of a section of saturated humid air. In this case, the calculation of mass transfer according to the criterion equation of mass transfer, obtained from the analogy of the processes of heat and mass transfer, gives an overestimated result of the mass flow value. For the section of saturated air, the intensity of the mass transfer process is calculated using the function of changing the density of saturated steam from the air temperature. The works studying water cooling processes in the fan cooling tower sprinkler channels contain no assessment of the influence the saturated air presence has on the intensity of water cooling. The paper proposes a method for calculating the processes of heat and mass transfer in the cooling tower channels in the presence of a section of saturated air flow, taking into account the peculiarities of calculating mass transfer between water and saturated air. The values of the discrepancy between the final water temperature in calculations according to the proposed method and the method for unsaturated air are given. It is shown that the presence of a saturated air zone leads to an increase in the final temperature of the water compared to the calculations using formulas for unsaturated air. It is revealed that the discrepancy of water temperature calculated by different methods increases with the length of the channel, the value of the initial relative humidity of the air decreases with the growth in the initial air temperature. The offered methodology and obtained results can be used in the deve¬lopment of regime maps and at the design stage of fan cooling towers.
RESEARCH OF THE SPRAYING AND IGNITION CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL-WATER FUELS WITH ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ADDITION
Authors:   T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation, Gvozdyakov D.V. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Zenkov A.V. , Gubin V.E. , Berezikov N.I. , Marysheva Ya.V.
Published: January 2022

The article presents complex experimental studies of the effect isopropyl alcohol in the composition of coal-water fuel (CWF) has on the jet characteristics and the ignition delay time of the slurry droplets. CWF with minor additions of isopropyl alcohol (from 3 to 8%) was sprayed using a pneumatic nozzle on a specialized stand. Investigations of the ignition delay time were performed in a temperature-controlled furnace in a wide range of oxidant temperatures (from 600 to 1000 °C). The rheological characteristics of the studied fuels, i.e. viscosity, density and surface tension were measured. It was determined that replacing water in the CWF composition with isopropyl alcohol contributes to increased viscosity of the resulting fuel. However, this parameter remains within acceptable limits even at the maximum studied concentration of the third component. It was found that the introduction of isopropyl alcohol into the composition of coal-water fuel based on lean coal leads to an increase in the jet spraying angle up to 11%. This contributes to an even distribution of fuel droplets inside the combustion chamber. As a result, the number of large droplets (more than 600 microns) increases only slightly – less than 2% at an alcohol concentration of 8% by mass. The ignition delay time at such an alcohol concentration decreases by half compared to the two-component CWF at a temperature of 1000 °C.
THE STATE OF THE ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY OF THE KAMCHATKA REGION AND ITS DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors:   Kamchatka State Technical University, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian Federation, Belov O. A.
Published: January 2022

Sustainable socio-economic development of any region is determined by the efficiency of its energy supply system. For isolated power systems, which include the Kamchatka region, it is particularly important to ensure energy independence by maximizing the use of domestic energy resources in electricity production. The article deals with the structure of the electric power industry of the Kamchatka region, presents the composition of generating capacities in the power supply system of the region and an assesses the impact they have on the electricity tariff. The dynamics of electric energy consumption and the structure of consumers are considered. The largest consumers in the Main Energy hub of the region are identified and the efficiency of this structure is assessed. Data on the power supply in remote isolated energy hubs of the Kamchatka region are presented. An overview of the quantitative and typical composition of the turbine equipment of Kamchatka power plants is presented, and an assessment of the residual resource is made. Based on the analysis of the power supply structure and taking into account the technical condition of the power equipment and the experience of operating the main generating capacities the article assesses the regional energy system development prospects. The artic¬le also presents an approach based on transferring the main energy capacities to internal hydro resources to ensure the reliability, safety and efficiency of the Kamchatka Territory's energy.
ISOLATION CONTROL IN THE “TARROR” QUARRY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Boboev Kh.D. ,   Tajikistan Power Energy Institute, Bokhtar, Republic of Tajikistan, Averyanov Yu.I. , Bogdanov A.V. , Kravchuk I.L. ,   Institute of Mining of the UB of RAS, Chelyabinsk branch, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: January 2022

The reliability and operation safety of electrical equipment, as well as the level of electrical and fire safety at mining enterprises are directly related to the state of electrical networks insulation, and particularly the value of the total insulation resistance relative to the ground. Controlling these parameters in the electrical equipment operation allows increasing the efficiency and reliability of such equipment. The paper concentrates on the current problem of selecting methods to monitor the isolation parameters of the network phases relative to the ground in the distribution electric networks with an isolated neutral. It briefly describes “Zeravshan” joint venture, the isolation control system developed for it and the results of its computer model based operability tests. Studies have shown that at rated load in the network, the error in determining the total insulation resistance is under 20%, which proves the operability of the proposed network phase isolation monitoring system relative to the ground. Thus, the implementation of the developed insulation parameter monitoring system in distribution networks operation will improve the reliability and safety of power supply.
SELECTING POWER ELEMENTS FOR THE ELECTRIC DRIVE OF KHPT-450 PIPES COLD-ROLLING MILL AT PJSC CHTPZ
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Kholodilin I.Yu. , Korzhov A.V. , Grigorev M.A. , Dudkin M.M. , Khokhlov Yu.I. , Kushnarev V.A.
Published: January 2022

Standard equipment replacement will not provide for the required accuracy and speed of metallurgical positional drive systems as the requirements are exceeding. The modernization of the electric drive system must be carried out in a complex manner, with sequential partial optimization of the power elements. The paper describes the criteria and methods for selecting power elements. Each process stage was optimized according to the minimum design time criterion. The elements were selected on the basis of empirically obtained data on the technological unit, namely, the KhPT-450 mill at ChTPZ PJSC. It was revealed that changing the gear ratio of the gearbox allows improving the quality of the subordinate regulation system setting, considering the flexibility of the mechanical part of the system. An increase in the ratio of the length of the active part of the rotor to its diameter makes it possible to increase the speed of the system, and, consequently, its ac-curacy. The equipment selection outcomes were tested on a prototype at the Scientific and Technical Center “Privodnaya Tekhnika”. As a result, it was possible to reduce the duration of the technological process nearly by half.
Production of Organic Acid and Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) from Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolate on Oligosaccharide Media
Authors: Maryati Yati , Nuraida Lilis , Hariyadi Ratih Dewanti
Published: January 2022

The growth of microorganisms in food, one of which is lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can produce metabolites beneficial to health. It is essential to study the results of LAB metabolism to improve the quality of a functional food product. This study aimed to evaluate the isolates Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 to metabolize oligosaccharides as a carbon source so that the final fermentation product can benefit health especially in lowering cholesterol. In vitro testing was carried out on MRS media with or without oligosaccharides, either singly or in a combination consisting of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), inulin (IN), inulin hydrolyzate (HI), or their combination as prebiotics by adding 0.3 % oxbile (bile salt) and inoculated with 1% v/v LAB isolate culture and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The results showed that the main product of oligosaccharide metabolism by L. acidophilus FNCC 0051 and L. rhamnosus R23 produced several organic acids (lactic acid), including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid). The single and combined carbon sources affected the proportion of lactic acid and acetic acid produced by L. acidophilus FNCC0051 (p<0.05). However, they did not affect the proportions of propionic acid and butyric acid. While in L. rhamnosus R23 (p<0.05), the presence of a single carbon source significantly affected the proportions of lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, while the combination of oligosaccharides affected the proportions of lactic acid and butyric acid produced. SCFA is the main product of prebiotic metabolism, but the characteristics of the acid produced have not been identified. The fermentation pattern is thought to be related to molecular weight, chain length, and oligosaccharide structure. Short-chain molecules, such as FOS generally ferment more rapidly than long-chain molecules such as inulin. The results of this study indicate that both isolates can be used as probiotics in the development of symbiotic products with the addition of oligosaccharides, which have a physiological effect in lowering cholesterol levels.
Degradation of Imidacloprid Residues on Unripe Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) by AOPs and Its Analysis using Spectrophotometer and HPLC
Authors: Olinovela Trisna , Jumiaty Hazanita , Safni Safni , Syukri Syukri
Published: January 2022

Imidacloprid is an insecticide-active ingredient used by farmers to kill and control insects. Imidacloprid residue can be found in unripe tomatoes. Consuming unripe tomatoes contaminated with imidacloprid can cause human health problems such as cancer, chronic kidney disease, neurological disorders, and reproductive issues. In this study, imidacloprid pesticide residues on unripe tomatoes were degraded by the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) method, namely ozonolysis, sonolysis, and sonozolysis at various processing times (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes) in 50 g sample mass and 100 mL water volume. The changes in imidacloprid concentration before and after degradation were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and HPLC. The results of imidacloprid residue degradation by sonolysis was 66.99%, ozonolysis was 74.87%, and sonozolysis was 66.00%. The degradation kinetics of the imidacloprid residue was then studied. Kinetic study of all AOPs methods found that imidacloprid degradation followed a first-order kinetic model. The kinetics data showed that ozonolysis degradation is faster than sonolysis and sonozolysis, with a half-life (t1/2) of 16.90 minutes.
Application of clustering algorithm to wide stellar pairs for unsupervised search of parts of disrupting clusters
Authors: Sapozhnikov Sergei , Kovaleva Dana
Published: January 2022

We introduce the application of the clustering algorithm to the preliminary compiled list of probable wide pairs of co-moving stars. The main aim of such development is a possibility of unsupervised blind search of coeval loose stellar structures over significant regions in space. Using Gaia EDR3 data, we investigated the application of the method to nearby region hosting recently discovered loose structures – tidal tails of Coma Ber star cluster and a nearby stellar group named Group X. We compare the results of straightforward clustering of stellar data with results of using our method with varying parameters. We then compare the results of our method to the recent results of the two groups of authors who independently discovered the discussed structures. We find parameters allowing the method to find the full scope of distributed stellar groups without preliminary knowledge of their characteristics. It decreases the risk of false positive clustering and improves the ability to discover loose stellar groups, in comparison with the application of clustering algorithm to the individual stars. Further we obtain a refined dataset of probable members of both stellar groups and independently obtain their ages (700 ± 70 Myr and 450 ± 100 Myr) and space velocities ((U,V,W) = (8.63 ± 0.13, 6.63 ± 0.20, 6.65 ± 0.95) km/s for Coma Ber star cluster, and (U,V,W) = (7.70 ± 0.12, 3.27 ± 0.45, 5.69 ± 0.80) km/s for Group X). Our results are in very good agreement with those of previous investigators.