bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Clinical Remission Lead to Normalization of EQ-5D in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Is Selection of Remission Criteria Important?
Authors: LINDE LOUISE , SØRENSEN JAN , ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL , HØRSLEV-PETERSEN KIM , HETLAND MERETE LUND
Published: January 2010

Objective.

To compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to that of the general population and to investigate the association with disease activity, focusing on different clinical remission criteria.

Methods.

EQ-5D data from 3156 patients with RA from 11 Danish centers were compared with Danish EQ-5D population norms (n = 16,136). The Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index score (CDAI) were used as definitions of disease activity and clinical remission. The score difference (ΔEQ-5D) was calculated in each patient as the difference from the age and sex-matched general population and adjusted for age, marital status, education, body mass index, smoking, exercise habits, disease duration, IgM-rheumatoid factor status, joint surgery, extraarticular features, treatment, and comorbidity in multiple linear regression models.

Results.

37% vs 22% fulfilled the DAS28 and CDAI remission criteria, respectively. The ΔEQ-5D values for women/men in clinical remission were DAS28 0.05/0.06 vs CDAI 0.01/0.02; low disease activity: DAS28 0.12/0.13 vs CDAI 0.11/0.14; moderate disease activity: DAS28 0.18/0.20 vs CDAI 0.20/0.23; and high disease activity: DAS28 0.38/0.28 vs CDAI 0.33/0.26. Adjusting for confounders reduced the ΔEQ-5D values between 0 and 0.04 units.

Conclusion.

Patients with RA had worse EQ-5D scores than the general population, and the difference was strongly associated with disease activity. The EQ-5D score for patients in clinical remission approached that of the general population, suggesting that strict treatment goals are critical in order to achieve near-normal HRQOL in patients with RA.
Sensor Systems for Monitoring Functional Status in Assisted Living Facility Residents
Authors: Alexander Gregory L. , Rantz Marilyn , Skubic Marjorie , Aud Myra A. , Wakefield Bonnie , Florea Elena , Paul Anindita
Published: January 2010

This article provides results of an expert review of data displays for a sensor system used to monitor functional abilities in older adults. The research took place at TigerPlace, an assisted living facility where the sensor system is currently being evaluated. A checklist of 16 heuristic criteria was used to evaluate the sensor data displays, with consideration to the users of the system: residents, their families, and health care providers. Results of this expert review indicate that flexibility and efficiency of use, help and documentation, navigation, and skills were not well developed in the sensor data displays. Conversely, sensor data displays were rated highly for their aesthetic value and the ample visual contrast on the main display components. Through the use of a sensor system, new ways of detecting functional decline in elderly residents of assisted living facilities can be accomplished.
Improving Caregivers' Well-Being by Using Technology to Manage Nighttime Activity in Persons with Dementia
Authors: Spring Heather J. , Rowe Meredeth A. , Kelly Annette
Published: January 2010

This article reports the qualitative arm of a mixed-methods study designed to test an in-home nighttime monitoring system (NMS) that tracks the nighttime activity of persons with dementia. Fourteen caregiver interviews were analyzed using grounded theory/full conceptual description methods to determine the issues associated with providing care at night and to explore the benefits of using the NMS. Caregivers not using the NMS experienced sleep disruption, overwhelming worry, and loss of personal space, leading to decreased energy and changes in mood. When the NMS was used, caregivers reported improved “peace of mind.” The fear and uncertainty associated with worry was alleviated by reliable alerts regarding the whereabouts of the person with dementia. Some caregivers were able to better balance needs for personal space with needs to remain in contact with the person with dementia. Generally, caregivers reported improved quality of sleep, although some caregivers reported more awakenings due to the system alerts.
A tribute to Prof. F.D. Calonge in honour of his retirement
Authors: Telleria M. T.
Published: January 2010

Not available
Arthropod gut symbionts from the Balearic Islands: Majorca and Cabrera. Diversity and biogeography
Authors: Guàrdia Valle Laia , Santamaria Sergi
Published: January 2010

This study includes a catalogue with all the current data concerning the presence of trichomycetes (sensu lato) in Majorca and Cabrera, as well as information on the biology, ecology and biogeographic implications of the insularity for each taxon of these arthropod-gut symbionts. Of the 13 species here reported, 10 are new for the Balearic Islands, including 4 Mesomycetozoan, of which 3 Eccrinales (Astreptonema gammari, Eccrinidus flexilis, Parataeniella dilatata), 1 Amoebidiales (Paramoebidium curvum) and 6 kixckellomycotina Harpellales (Genistellospora homothallica, Harpella melusinae, Smittium culisetae, S. simulii, Stachylina grandispora and St. nana); the additional 3 were previously reported elsewhere: Asellaria ligiae (Aslleariales), Legeriomyces rarus and Stipella vigilans (Harpellales), but are here included as indissoluble part of the present Balearic catalogue. All taxa are commented, illustrated and their biogeographic implications are discussed.
Ribosomal ITS diversity among the European species of the genus Hydnum (Hydnaceae)
Authors: Grebenc Tine , Martín María P. , Kraigher Hojka
Published: January 2010

Several morphological species of the genus Hydnum L. are known to occur in Europe, but little molecular evidence exists to confirm the exact number and delimitation of the species. The present study seeks to investigate the genus Hydnum through sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions and through morphological studies. The DNA sequences phylogenetic analysis revealed high diversity among the ITS region sequences in H. repandum (two clades) and H. rufescens (six clades) while the specimens of H. albidum, H. umbilicatum and H. ellipsosporum formed one and clearly separated clade per morphological species. Phylogenetic distances among the recognised species and the obtained morphologically unsupported clades are comparable and support the idea of several new, yet undescribed species. The intraspecific variability in the sequence data among phylogenetic species is generally low. Detailed morphological analysis of putative informative morphological characteristics could not support any of the observed non-monophyletic DNA-sequences clades within H. repandum or H. rufescens, and the proper use of names is not yet clear. Similar intraspecific variation has also been observed in many other ectomycorrhizal genera and could be explained by intensive speciation within variable groups under the influence of various factors (niche effect, ectomycorrhizal partner selection).
The Mycorrhizae: a plant-fungus relation that has existed for more than 400 million years
Authors: Honrubia Mario
Published: January 2010

The concept of mycorrhiza is considered in a wide sense, as a not necessarily mutualistic symbiosis, covering the trophic relations of mycorrhizal fungi with “inferior” and achlorophyllics plants. A bibliographical review of the origin and diversification of mycorrhizae is made. The pioneering characteristics of the arbuscular mycorrhiza formed by Glomeromycota are discussed, emphasizing its importance during the terrestrialization processes. The chronological appearance of the other types of mycorrhizas is discussed. The independent and recurrent evolution of the ectomycorrhizas formed by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota is discussed; their saprobiont or parasite origin points to the versatile nutritional strategy of these fungi, in adaptative response to environmental changes, as does the origin of the singular ericoid, arbutoid and helianthemoid mycorrhizas. The particular trophic relation between achlorophyllic plants, such as Monotropa and orchids, in their heterotrophic phases, with their “mycorrhizal” fungi is also described. Finally, the recent evolution of the non mycotrophic root systems is commented on.
Study of the mycocoenosis of macromycetes in the Parque Natural do Monte Aloia (Pontevedra, Spain)
Authors: Lorenzo Purificación , Castro M.ª Luisa
Published: January 2010

We study the composition of macrofungal communities in the Natural Reserve of Monte Aloia (Tui, Pontevedra) and its relation with different biotopes in the selected area. The distribution of species in the selected mycotopes was analyzed using the Bray & Curtis similarity Index. (Cluster analysis). The mean values of similarity and dissimilarity among biotopes was determined using Multidimensional non-metric Scaling (MDS) and the analysis of Porcentual Similarity (SIMPER). All biotopes were analyzed using the statistical program PRIMER (Plymouth Routines In Multivariate Ecological Research, version 6 for Windows).
Lagarobasidium calongei (Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycota), a new species of corticioid fungi from Azores Islands
Authors: Dueñas Margarita , Telleria M. Teresa , Melo Ireneia , Martín María P.
Published: January 2010

On the base of morphologic and molecular studies, a new species of the genus Lagarobasidium (Aphyllophorales, Basi - diomycota), is described and illustrated. This new species was collected on Pico Island (Azores) and is characterized by having two types of cystidia, clavate leptocystidia and cylindrical skeletocystidia, and smooth, thick-walled spores. It is compared with Lagarobasidium detriticum (Bourdot) Jülich and L. cymosum (D.P. Rogers & H.S. Jacks.) Jülich, until now the only two species of the genus.
Hilarella hilarella (Zetterstedt) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Parasitic Upon a Rhaphidophorid (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae)
Authors: Arnaud Paul H.
Published: January 2010

The larval stages of Hilarella hilarella (Zett.) have been previously reported as living on the stores in the nests of fossorial Hymenoptera. This fly is here reported as parasitizing an insect host without the intervention of any hymenopterous insect.
Hyalomyodes triangulifera Loew. (Diptera, Tachinidae)
Authors: Thompson W. R.
Published: January 2010

On June 8, 1910, in the woods near Brookline, Massachusetts, W. F. Fiske, then in charge of the Gipsy Moth Parasite Laboratory, collected an adult of the rare beetle Chromatia amoena Say (determination by the late Dr. E. A. Schwarz). Having no killing bottle, he placed the specimen in a match box. On the following day he found that the larva of a Dipternus parasite had issued and pupated in the box. The adult failed to emerge and the puparium was unfortunately discarded. In an attempt to determine something of the life history of the parasite, I dissected the dead host and found in it the first and second stage mouth hooks and the second stage posterior spiracles which were of such unusual structure that they seemed worth while describing. A short paper on the parasite was therefore published in 1913l in the journal published by Professor F. Silvestri, in whose laboratory I was then working.
Note on Infra-red Lamp for Drying Inflated Larvae
Authors: Ross D. A. , Harvey J. K.
Published: January 2010

The following technique employed at the Vernon Laboratory greatly facilitates the preparation of inflated larval specimens. Inflated larvae are dried over a reflector infra-red heat lamp (250 watts), clamped to a titration stand. The standard heat lamp with an aluminum reflector, and the red bowl heat lamp with a nickel reflector have been tested; the latter is preferable because it radiates more heat with reduced glare.
A New mite, Zwickia gibsoni n.sp., Fam. Anoetidae, from the pitchers of Sarracenia purpurea L.
Authors: Nesbitt Herbert H. J.
Published: January 2010

When in 1948 I first made the acquaintance of the mite about to be described I was intrigued with the idea that a form morphologically so similar to those described by Oudemans, 1915 and Hirst 1928 should come from such a different habitat. Whilst recognizing the totally different geographical areas, sphagnum bogs of boreal Canada as opposed to humid forests of tropical Ceylon and Malaya, the question arises as to whether the micro-habitat in which these three species live is so totally different. From the published material available (vide Thienemann 1928-29), which I admit is not very extensive, there does not seem to be much chemical difference between the waters of Nepenthes and those of Sarracenia. The similarity of these two micro-habitats is further substantiated by the fact that copepods of the genus Parastenocaris have been found in the pitchers of Sarracenia which closely resemble those described by Menzel 1921, Chappius 1931 and Thienemann 1928-29 (quoting from Ghosh, no reference given) from the water of Nepenthes. The question of distribution over such great distances and over what must be long ages poses certain difficulties which can only be answered when we know more about the past history and distribution of pitcher plants and mites. The possession of an hypopial stage by all three species does offer some help in the problem but the further question of how the Canadian mites have adapted themselves to the rigours of a northern winter is difficult to understand.
Note on Ancistrocerus parietum (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: Miller C. D. F.
Published: January 2010

This note reports an extension in the known distribution of the species Ancistrocerus parietum (Linnaeus) in Canada, and a few observations on its nesting habits.

A. parietum is a European species that, according to Requaert (1943), was recently introduced into North America, it being first recorded from Ithaca, N.Y., in 1916. Bequaert suggested that the species was gradually extending its range in North America. He noted its occurrence in the northeastern United States, as far west as Michigan and as far south as Ohio and New Jersey. He noted two Canadian records (Montreal and Kamouraska County, Quebec).
A Review of the Life-history and Habits of the Horn Fly, Siphona irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: McLintock J. , Depner K. R.
Published: January 2010

A co-operative investigation to discover the factors necessary for egg production in the horn fly, Siphona irritans (L.), was begun in 1950 at the Lethbridge laboratory and the Department of Bacteriology, University of Alberta, Edmonton. Although there is an extensive literature on the horn fly, comparatively few publications deal exclusively with its life-history and habits. Information on the biology of this insect is found in a widely scattered literature dealing with muscids or dung-breeding insects in general. The dearth of information in recent years on this economically important insect may be caused in part by the fragmentary literature. This paper is a review of the available information on the life-history and habits of the horn fly, along with observations of the authors.
Use of Methyl Cellulose in Laboratory Tests of Bacterial Pathogens of Insects
Authors: Angus T. A.
Published: January 2010

In tests of bacteria pathogenic for defoliating insects, previous workers used water suspensions of the microorganisms and contaminated the foliage fed to the insects hy dipping or spraying (1, 2). Where a quantitative result is sought such procedures have some limitations. The waxy cutin present on leaf surfaces, and this is especially true of the foliage of coniferous trees, encourages the formation of surface droplets and makes it extremely difficult to achieve uniform spreading of the bacterial suspension. In addition; the cutin interferes with the adhesion of the dried suspension to the leaf surface. To overcome these difficulties, certain adhesive agents, such as peptones, milk solids, albumin, etc., have been used, but these too are open to objection. If it is desired to reproduce as closely as possible a natural infective process, the use of protein products introduces a new variable and occasionally renders the foliage unpalatable to the insect.
Notes on the Identities and Distributions of Aedes Species of Northern Canada, with a Key to the Females (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Vockeroth J. R.
Published: January 2010

In the Northern Insect Survey, sponsored jointly by the Canada Department of Agriculture and the Department of National Defence, the insect fauna of northern Canada was investigated extensively during the summers of 1947-52. The research work has centred on the biting flies and has consisted in large part of taxonomic studies, as a preliminary to biologica1 investigations. In mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, the difficulty of identifying the adult females, particularly those of the black-legged groups, has made biological studies extremely difficult.
Notes on Acrobasis rubrifasciella Pack. (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae), with a List of its Parasites
Authors: Walley G. Stuart
Published: January 2010

In the Ottawa region about the middle of June, frequently certain leaves of the common alder, Alnus rugosa var. americana (Regel) Fern., are drawn together by strands of silk, concealing an elongate silken tube or case. The latter is occupied by an active brownish-grey larva that, when unmolested, extends itself from the broadly open end of the rube to feed on the foliage. This insect is the phycitid Acrobasis rubrifasciella Pack., a species that occors in northeastern United States and adjacent parts of Canada.
Humidity Reactions and Water Balance of Larvae ofNeodiprion americanus banksianaeRoh. andL.lecontei(Fitch) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)
Authors: Green G. W.
Published: January 2010

This paper presents the results of bioclimatic investigations of two species of diprionid sawflies,Neodiprion americanus banksianaeRoh. andN. lecontei(Fitch), important defoliators of pines in eastern North America. It deals primarily with the reactions of larvae of both species to gradients of evaporation rate.
The Metamorphosis of the Pine Leaf Miner (Exoteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.)) (Lepid. Gelechiidae)
Authors: Bennett Wm. H.
Published: January 2010

The pine leaf miner (Exoteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.)), a native insect attacking several species of thick-needled pines (1), is generally distributed throughout the Atlantic States from Southern Ontario (4) to Georgia (3). In the vicinity of Syracuse, N.Y., there is but one generation a year. The insect overwinters in the larval form, begins pupation in early May, and flight and oviposition take place a month later.
The Nymph of Rhithrogena impersonata (Ephemerida) and a New Closely Related Species from the Same Locality in Southern Ontario
Authors: Ide F. P.
Published: January 2010

Early in the summer of 1951 a small collection of aquatic insects was submitted to the author by J. Goodwin of Toronto, taken from Sheldon Creek in Dufferin County, Ontario. Included were nymphs of two readily distinguishable species of Rithrogena, one having bright red gills and the other hyaline whitish gills, Those with hyaline whitish gills were more abundant and proved to be R. impersonata Mc.D. of which specimens from Baddeck, N.S. and Lachine, P.Q. are in the Canadian National Collection at Ottawa. I have records of this species in both nymphal and adult stages from the Credit River, Peel County, Ontario, where the association of nymph and adult was made, and in the nymphal stage from the Saugeen River in Grey County, Ontario. The nymphs with red gills proved to be those of a new species which, considering genitalic characters, is closely related to R. impersonata.
Description and Habits of the Spruce Seedworm, (Laspeyresia youngana(Kft.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)
Authors: Tripp Howard A.
Published: January 2010

Cone-infesting insects have been recognized for many years but have not attracted as much attention as some of the defoliating species. The apparent lack , of interest is quite understandable since seed destroying insects are seldom, if ever, a problem in natural reproduction. White spruce successfully reproduces, despite the numerous insects which are known to feed on the seeds. However, the increased interest in reforestation necessitates the collection of cones and extraction of the seed to supply the demands of forest nurseries. During heavy cone-crop years, enough seed must be extracted and stored to provide a supply for the years when cones are scarce. As all conifers generally produce anabundance of cones the same year, the number of bushels which may be processed for any one species is limited. As a consequence, cone-infesting insects have become a factor of considerable importance.
Biology of Agathis laticinctus (Cress.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), A Parasite of the Eye-spotted Bud Moth, in Nova Scotia
Authors: Dondale C. D.
Published: January 2010

The eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (D. & S.), has been and continues to be an orchard pest of considerable economic importance in the temperate zone of North America. During the past seven years, observations have been made on the ecology of this insect in Nova Scotia. Among the biotic agents found attacking it is the hymenopterous parasite Agathis laticinctus (Cress.) [Microdus ocellanae Richardson].
Rearing the Cadelle Tenebroides mauritanicus (L.) (Coleoptera: Ostomidae) as a Test Insect for Insecticidal Research
Authors: Bond E. J. , Monro H. A. U.
Published: January 2010

The cadelle, Tenebroides mauritanicus (L.) is a common insect in ships, warehouses, mills and elevators. Back and Cotton (1926) state that it was well known as a pest of wheat in Europe before the end of the eighteenth century. According to Hatch (1942) in Europe the cadelle lives outdoors under bark and in rotten wood where it is predatory on xylophagous insects, and of the 152 species of the genus Tenebroides known by 1910 this was the only one reported as being injurious.
Parasitic Flies of the Genus Prosenoides (Tachinidae, Diptera)
Authors: Reinhard H. J.
Published: January 2010

The present genus includes both neotropical and nearctic species of which none appears to have been encountered commonly in either economic or faunistic investigations. In the material available for the present study, only two or three species, including curvirostris (genotype) are represented in good series. A critical study of the accumulated material has disclosed a number of hitherto unknown spedies, the descriptions of which are presented below.
Un nouveau Somatochlora subarctique (Odonates, Corduliidae)
Authors: Robert Frère Adrien
Published: January 2010

Cette espèce a été obtenue au cours d'une exploration entomologique de l'auteur dans la région du lac Mistassini à deux stations distantes de 75 milles environ. Il est donc possible qu'elle soit répandue sous cette latitude partout où se réalisent ses exigences écologiques. Les premiers exemplaires furent capturés, le 12 juillet dernier, dans un pré humide en bordure d'un petit étang, au centre d'une tourbière. Une visite au même endroit, le 19 août, nous a fourni deux autres exemplaires. Le 4 septembre, un autre individu fut aperçu exactement au même point.
A Laboratory Method for Rearing the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Stehr G.
Published: January 2010

This paper describes a method of rearing the spruce budwom, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) under laboratory conditions. The development of such a method has been necessary as a preliminary step in a program of investigations into the genetics of the spruce budworm. The method therefore attempts to satisfy primarily the requirements of genetical studies but, since these are as exacting as may be necessary for any biological investigation, a wider applicability may be anticipated.
A New Phlyctaenia, with Notes on Two Related Species (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

Body and wings pale buff, lightly dusted with darker; all markings obscure. Fore wing with antemedial line brown, very indistinct or obsolete; when discernible short, dentate, its general course at right angles to costa. Orbicular minute, punctiform, fuscous; reniform single, linear, concave outwards, fuscous. Postmedial line narrow, rather weak, fuscous, strongly and regularly dentate; its general course oblique outwardly from costa to M2, thence gently curved basad to Cu2 from which it proceeds perpendicularly, with one conspicuous angulation, to the inner margin. Beyond the postmedial a brown, strongly dentate, subterminal shade. Terminal line brown, broken between the veins; fringe pale buff. Hind wing with diffuse, dentate antmedial line and diffuse medial shades; postmedial, subterminal, and terminal markings as on fore wing. Under side as above, but with less brown shading; antemedial line absent, reniform and orbicular spots weak, postmedial line more diffuse and less strongly dentate than above.
An Account of Insect Hallucinations Affecting an Elderly Couple
Authors: Miller Lloyd A.
Published: January 2010

Very rarely is an entomologist called upon to control the “insects” that are causing an obvious case of hallucinations. The following case history is of unusual interest because two people were involved, both having very similar experiences.

During November and December, 1952, Mr. and Mrs. X, aged 73 and 59 years, respectively, had been constantly plagued by an infestation of “bugs” in their well-kept farm home. The “bugs” were to be found in almost every part of the house at any time of the day, but were particularly bothersome during the night. Their bites were fearsome and occasioned a great deal of itching.
Differential Growth as Evidence of the Relationship of Monochamus notatus (Drury) and M. scutellatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae),
Authors: Gardiner L. M.
Published: January 2010

Monochamus notatus (Drury) and M. scutellatus (Say) are both common wood-boring beetles in the coniferous forests of eastern Canada. The two species are usually separated on the basis of colour. The first is dark brown with lighter brown elytra, and is covered with white and brown pubescence, while the second , is typicaliy shining black. The scutellum of each bears a dense white pubescence which, in the case of M. notatus, is divided by a bare median line. Such a line also occurs in M. scutellatus but is usually incomplete. The writer has found that the presence or absence of a fringe of white hair around the compound eye constitutes the most consistent anatomical difference between the two species, it being present only in M. notatus. The elytra of the females of both species are generally marked with elongate spots. Body length is also used to separate the two species, but no clear-cut difference in length ranges occurs; instead, there is considerable overlap.
Bark Beetles of the Genus Carphoborus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America
Authors: Wood Stephen L.
Published: January 2010

The genus Carphoborus is widely distributed in the Holarctic realm. It occurs from the northern limits of tree growth south in the Old World to India and northern Africa and in the New World to Baja California, New Mexico, Mississippi, and Florida.

All of the North American species breed in the inner bark of coniferous trees of the genera Pinus, Picea, and Pseudotsuga. Branches that are being shaded out or are broken, but still hanging in the tree, are generally preferred for the construction of galleries. A few species have been reported from slash; however, they are usually not aggressive or abundant enough to survive in competition ivith other bark beetles normally found in slash. The economic importance of the genus is not great; the hahit of breeding in the unthrifty lower branches of coniferous trees contributes slightly toward accelerating the natural pruning of the trees and consequently aids in the production of a higher quality of timber.
A Method for the Sterile Culture of Housefly Larvae, Musca domestica L.
Authors: Greenberg Bernard
Published: January 2010

During the past decade, larvae of the housefly, Musca domestica L., have been reared routinely in a medium containing two parts of wheat bran and one part of alfalfa meal, moistened with a yeast suspension and a solution of malt euuact. The recent appearance of a standard mixture of wheat bran (33.3 per cent), alfaIfa meal (26.7 per cent), and brewers grain (40.0 per cent), called CSMA (formerly NAIDM), has further simplified the rearing of this species of fly. This note reports a modification of the CSMA medium and its use in the sterile culture of housefly larvae.
Notes on a Polyhedral Disease of Black-Headed Budworm
Authors: Graham Kenneth
Published: January 2010

A polyhedral disease was discovered to be one of the natural agents attacking the black-headed budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.) in the coastal region of British Columbia during the outbreak of this insect, 1940-45. This disease became the most important single factor contributing to the decline of the outbreak (Prebble and Graham 1). The present report includes observations on some of the symptoms and microscopic characteristics of the disease.
Studies on a Direct Feeding Method for Use in Bioassay of Insecticide Residues
Authors: Fisher R. W. , Smallman B. N.
Published: January 2010

The absence of adequate chemical and enzymological micro-methods for the estimation of residues of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides increases the need for reliable bioassay methods. The purpose of the work reported below was an investigation of the influences of cultural and testing techniques on the sensitivity and dependability of the toxicological response of the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster.
Some Aspects of the Biology and Dispersal of the Pine Tortoise Scale, Toumeyella numismaticum (Pettit and McDaniel) (Homoptera: Coccidae)
Authors: Rabkin F. B. , Lejeune R. R.
Published: January 2010

The senior author conducted this investigation during 1937 and 1938 in the Sandilands Forest Reserve, Manitoba. The results were presented in an unpublished report (Rablrin, 1938). Owing to the current importance of this insect in Manitoba and the Lake States of the United States, it was considered advisable to publish those aspects of the work relating to life history and dispersal. This was undertaken by the junior author.
A New Locality Record for the Termite in Ontario
Authors: Urquhart F. A.
Published: January 2010

In my paper “The Introduction of the Termite into Ontario” (Can. Ent., No. 8, 1953) I stated that “insofar as records based on collected specimens are concerned, the termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, is to be found in no other part of eastern Canada, with the exception of Pelee Island (where this particular species has been present for many years).” I further stated that “it is forecast that it will continue to spread over the entire area of eastern Toronto including greater Toronto” and further that “its appearance in other parts of the Province is to be expected, and it will no doubt occur in isolated populations similar in pattern, but on a larger scale, to what has been witnessed in Toronto during the past fourteen years.”
Colobaea and Hedria, Two Genera of Sciomyzidae New to America (Diptera: Acalyptratae)
Authors: Steyskal George C.
Published: January 2010

Two genera, both represented by new species, are here reported for the first time from the New World. One of them Colobaea (incl. Ctenulus), is well known in the palaearctic region; the other, Hedria, is new, although its type has been mistaken for the palaearctic species Elgiva lineata Fallén.
Biological Evidence of Sibling Species in Aphytis maculicornis (Masi). (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae)
Authors: Hafez Mostafa , Doutt Richard L.
Published: January 2010

In biological control work an early taxonomic identification of imported entomophagous species is helpful but not essential, for in this applied field of entomology the behaviour and biological characteristics of species are held paramount to their taxonomic status. In actual practice it frequently happens that a species is imported, tested, colonized, and established before its specific taxonomic identity is conclusively determined. Examples exist in recent literature where one may find references to such insects designated as “Aphytis X”, “Waikane Opius”, etc. While this situation is not altogether comfortable to the worker in biolngical control it arises as a natural conseqnence of the initial and necessary concentration on the ecological and biological aspects of insect groups. It is particularly intensified by the fact that many parasitic groups are still poorly understood taxonomically.
The Systematic Relationships of Dichaetoneura Johns, and Phytomyptera Rond.
Authors: Thompson W. R.
Published: January 2010

In The Canadian Entomologist for January 1953 (pp. 19-30) the writer described the larval forms of Dichaetoneura leucoptera Johns. and discussed the relationship of the genus Dichaetoneura which was regarded by Johnson (1907) as closely related to Phytomyptera Rond. and later reduced to a synonym of this genus by Curran (1934). He pointed out that there are rather marked differences between the two genera in adult characters and expressed a doubt that Dichaetoneura could be classed with the Actiines as in the Manual of Myiology of Townsend (Manual of Myiology, IV.). He further remarked on the similarity between the adults of Phytomyptera and Schizactia noting briefly some of the larval characters of Schizotachina and Schizactia which are quite different from those of Dichaetoneura. In a later paper on Hyalomyodes triangulifera Loew (Can. Ent., Vol. LXXXVI, No. 3) he gave data on the larval forms of Schizotachina, Schizactia and Psalidopteryx.
The External Morphology of the Five Forms of Pineus pinifoliae (Fitch) (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae)
Authors: Underwood G. R.
Published: January 2010

Pineus pinifoliue (Fitch) was first described (6) in 1858 under the name Chermes pinifoliae. His description of the adult gallicola migrans on the needles of white pine contained characteristic phases of the form sufficient to distinguish it from other Adeiginae. Thomas (13), in 1879, described the characteristic cone-like gall on spruce and named the species forming the gall Chermes abieticolens. In 1906 Patch (12) observed the migration of the gallicola migrans from galls on black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., to the needies of white pine, Pinus strobus L., thus proving that Chermes abieticolens Thomas was a synonym of Chermes pinifoliae Fitch. She described the nymph and adult of the gallicola migrans and sexupara and included a drawing of the adult gallicola migrans. In 1928 Annand (I) revised the Adelginae and placed the species in the genus Pineus. He described and figured the fundatris, gallicola migrans, and exsulis.
Biology of the Red Clover Thrips, Haplothrips niger (Osborn) (Thysanoptera: Phloeothripidae)
Authors: Loan Conrad , Holdaway F. G.
Published: January 2010

The red clover thrips, Haplothrips niger (Osb.), was first recorded from the state of Iowa and described by Osborn in 1883 under the name Phloeothrips nigra. The species hns since been collected and observed in many parts of the United States, southern Canada, and Europe. It wils reported in New England and recognized as a potential pest of red clover by Muggeridge (1933). Minute and very active, the adult insect is glossy black in contrast to the nymphal stages, which are bright red. In Minnesota, common host plants are alsike clover, Trifolium hybridum L., and red clover, T. pratense L.
Larval Description of Acanthocinus pusillus Kby. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Gardiner L. M.
Published: January 2010

Craighead (1923) described the larvae of four North American species of Acunthocinus and constructed a key for their separation; two of these, A. nodosus (Fab.) and A. obsoletus (Oliv.), occur in the eastern half of the continent. During recent studies of cerambycids infesting fire-killed pine in central Ontario, another species, A. pusillus Kby., was encountered in large numbers, but the larvae could not be identified because of the lack of a published larval description. Larvae were eventually reared from known parent adults, and, since wood-boring Coleoptera are most frequently encountered in immature stages, the following description has been prepared.
Descriptions and Habits of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) from White Spruce Cones
Authors: Tripp Howard A.
Published: January 2010

Taxonomically, the Cecidomyiidae (Gall Midges) are a difficult group. Many species have been described using colour of freshly killed specimens as the principal criterion for identification (Felt, 1907a). As dead specimens seldom retain their original colour, subsequent determinations based on this characteristic are almost impossible. Morphological characteristics which separate the genera are fairly distinct and therefore acceptable but those used to separate the species, namely, the number and shape of the antenna1 segments (Barnes, 1932), were found to be quite variable in the species studied. Species are more easily identified if, in addition to their morphology, something is known of their biology. In this paper, descriptions and notes on the biology of five gall midges from white spruce cones are given. In addition, the literature on all species from white spruce is reviewed.
Genera and Subgenera of the Lygus Complex (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Kelton Leonard A.
Published: January 2010

The classification of species of the Lygus complex has been somewhat unsatisfactory. Many species were assigned to the genus Lygus solely on the basis of superficial characters and many were transferred from one species group to another on the same inadequate basis. In the present paper the characters of the genera and subgenera of the complex are defined.

Study of structures of the internal male and female genitalia revealed characters of considerable taxonomic value. These, taken in conjunction with external taxonomic characters, enable the species of the complex to be classified into 14 genera or subgenera. Among other things, the investigation showed that the economically important “lygus” bugs are not of the genus Lygus Hahn, but of the genus Liocoris Fieber.
Additional Host and Distribution Records of Some Eastern Canadian Siphonaptera
Authors: Brown N. R.
Published: January 2010

The following records of Canadian Siphonaptera are supplementary to those detailed in Fox (1940), Ewing and Fox (1943), and Holland (1949, 1952). Records of fleas from the Maritime Provinces are particularly lacking in the literature, being limited to the following species:

NEW BRUNSWICK: Ceratophyllus gallinae (Schrank); Epitedia wenmanni wenmanni (Rothschild); Hoplopsyllus glacialis lynx (Baker); Nearctopsylla genalis laurentina Jordan and Rothschild; Orchopeas caedens durus (Jordan); Oropsylla arctomys (Baker); Stenoponia americana (Baker).
A Description of the Full-grown Larva of Hylobius radicis Buch. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Watson W. Y.
Published: January 2010

This description is based on an examination of 25 larvae of Hylobius radicis Buch. recovered from the damaged root-collars of dead and dying Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., in the vicinity of Angus, Ontario. Since larvae of at least one species of the genus Pissodes (P. approximatus Hopk.) may be found in the same trees, I am also taking this opportunity to compare the external structures of the larva of H. rardicis with those of the genus Pissodes (see Böving, 1929; Anderson, 1947). Where possible, and particularly in the description of the head capsule and mouth parts, the terminology used is that of Anderson.
A Cabinet For Aseptic Manipulations
Authors: Friend W. G.
Published: January 2010

Attempts to rear plants and animals under aseptic conditions have led to the development of special cabinets in which the atmosphere can be sterilized and the experimental materials manipulated without fear of contamination. The mechanical design, instrumentation, and principles upon which the development of such equipment is based have been admirably discussed by Reyniers (1943). House and Patton (1949) made an ingenious modification of Reyniers' cabinet whereby it can be used to anaesthetize, handle, and weigh cockroaches aseptically.
Studies on Flight Range and Dispersal Habits of Aedes flavescens (Müller) (Diptera: Culicidae) Tagged with Radio-phosphorus
Authors: Shemanchuk J. A. , Fredeen F. J. H. , Kristjanson A. M.
Published: January 2010

In Western Canada, Aedes flavescens (Müller) is found mainly on the prairie, where it is one of the commonest of the blood-sucking pests of livestock and man. It has also been taken as far north as Churchill, Man., and Alaska (Rempel, 1950). Information on its flight range is useful in planning control programs. Field and laboratory studies on the flight range of this species, with radio-active phosphorous for tagging, were conducted at Saskatoon and Indi, Sask., in 1952. The project area is almost flat in the north and west and rolling in the south and east; the Blackstrap Valley separates the two topographical areas.
Mortalities of Males and Females of Tribolium confusum Duv. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Exposed to Residual Deposits of p-p'-DDT
Authors: Loschiavo S. R.
Published: January 2010

The usual criterion of insectidal effectiveness is the mortality suffered by test insects exposed to insecticides. Often, investigators disregard the sex ratio when selecting test insects for exposure. Demonstrated differences in susceptibility between male and female insects require evaluation of the sex ratio in studies on insecticidal effectiveness.
The Immature Stages of Stethorus punctillum Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Putman Wm. L.
Published: January 2010

Various authors have given general descriptions of the immature stages of various species of Stethorus, and Böving (1917) described certain morphological festures of the larvae of S. punctum (Leconte) and S. utilis (Horn), but no complete account of the morphology of these stages in any species of the genus has apparently been published. Clement (1880) gave the most thorough of the earlier descriptions of the immature stages of S. punctillum Weise.
Some Milestones in the History of Insect Classification
Authors: Mickel Clarence E.
Published: January 2010

Our present day concepts of the classification of insects are the result of a long period of development in the observations and thinking of the early naturalists, zoologists, and in more recent times, the more specialized entomologists. We are now so far removed from the original concepts on which the early classifications were based that many of us fail to realize that the systematic arrangement of animals, and particularly the invertebrates, was long a difficult and complicated problem which gave risk to much confusion. It may, therefore, be profitable as well as interesting to review the development of insect classification with respect to the ideas that have had a profound influence on the subject, and the men who have proposed these ideas and exerted the greatest influence. So, I propose to attempt to examine, evaluate and report to you some of the more important ideas and episodes in the development of this phase of insect taxonomy.
Notes on Limitations of Natural Control of Phytophagous Insects and Mites in a British Columbia Orchard
Authors: Marshall J. , Morgan C. V. G.
Published: January 2010

When an apple orchard is abandoned in Eastern Canada the trees may continue to grow reasonably well for many years. As a rule the fruit is ruined by apple scab, but damage from insects or mites may be relatively minor. Under such conditions, phytophagous insects and mites are commonly held to an acceptable commercial level by natural control factors. On the other hand, when an apple orchard is abandoned in the semi-arid, southern interior of British Columbia the trees generally die from desiccation in a short time. Occasionally, when particularly favoured by sub-irrigation, they may survive for ten years or more. But they produce no marketable fruit; invariably it is ruined by insects. Unlike the abandoned eastern orchard. that in British Columbia his little natural protection from the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.), and the blister mite, Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.), to mention but two common pests.
Intestinal Myiasis of a Human Caused by Maggots of the Flesh-fly, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis (Fin.) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Judd W. W.
Published: January 2010

During August of 1955 a farmer, 35 years old, in Metcalfe Township, Middlesex County, Ontario repeatedly passed living maggots in feces during bowel movements. Four of these maggots were received by the writer on August 30, 1955 and were placed in an inch of damp soil in a screen-covered jar. On September 13 two sarcophagid flies, one male and one female, emerged from the soil and on September 14 two more males emerged. They were examined by Mr. G. E. Shewell, Systematic Entomology, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, who identified them as Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis (Fln.). The four specimens are deposited in the collection of the Department of Zoology, University of Western Ontario.
Geshna primordialis Dyar, with Descriptions of Two New Genera and Two New Subspecies (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Munroe Eugene
Published: January 2010

Dyar in 1907 described the genus Geshna with the type Hydrocampa cannalis Quaintance. In the same publication he described the new species Geshna primordialis. Forbes (1923) noted that primordialis was only doubtfully referable to Geshna; but he did not remove it from the genus. In this paper I describe a new genus for primordialis, two new subspecies of that species, and a new genus for the related Isopteryx stenialis Guenée.
An Effect of Bacillus sotto on the Larvae of Bombyx mori
Authors: Angus T. A. , Heimpel A. M.
Published: January 2010

The paralysis of silkworm larvae (Bombyx mori L.) caused by Bacillus sotto Ishiwata and the extraction of a toxic protein from cultures of this microorganism have been reported elsewhere (1, 2, 3). In preliminary studies of the mode of action, changes have been noted in the pH of the blood of affected larvae.

Fourth- and fifth-instar larvae were fed foliage coated with B. sotto toxin and at intervals the blood pH was determined as described by Heimpel (4). Control larvae, reared from the same egg mass, were fed untreated foliage.
Dolichopodidae (Diptera Brachycera) from Nova Scotia
Authors: Steyskal George C.
Published: January 2010

Collections made during a family vacation trip to Nova Scotia in the latter part of July, 1955, include records of Dolichopodidae which seem worth reporting. The following localities yielded specimens: Parrsboro, July 23, 1955, along river near town; Smiths Cove, near Digby, July 24, 1955, on tidal flats and among vegetation along shore of Annapolis Basin; Antigonish, July 25, 1955, along small creek crossing Route 4 a few miles east of town; South Gut St. Anns (Cape Breton Island), July 27, 1955, in spring seepage area on hillside, with grasses, sedges, alder, sphagnum, orchids, iris, etc. The specimens will be deposited in the Canadian National Collection.
New Species of Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Mostly Mexican. Part I
Authors: Wood Stephen L.
Published: January 2010

In this paper 13 new species and a new genus (Phloeocleptus) of scolytid beetles of the tribe Micracini are described from Mexico and Honduras. Unless stated otherwise, the specimens taken in Mexico were collected by the author while with the 1953 expedition of the Francis Huntington Snow Entomological Museum (University of Kansas, Lawrence). The new species represent the following genera: Hylocurus (6), Phloeocleptus (2), Micracis (4), and Pseudothysanoes (1).