bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-situ synchrotron quantitative analysis of competitive adsorption tendency of human serum proteins on polyether sulfone clinical hemodialysis membrane
Authors: Abdelrasoul Amira , Zhu Ning , Doan Huu , Shoker Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive understanding of protein adsorption phenomenon on membrane surface during hemodialysis (HD) is one of the key moments for development of hemocompatible HD membrane. Though many mechanisms and kinetics of protein adsorption on some surface have been studied, we are still far away from complete understanding and control of this process, which results in a series of biochemical reactions that causes severe complications with health and even the death among HD patients. The aim of this study is to conduct quantitative analysis of competitive adsorption tendency of human serum protein on polyether sulfone (PES) clinical dialysis membrane. In situ synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT) imaging available at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) was conducted to assess human serum proteinbinding and undertake the corresponding quantitative analysis.The competitive adsorption of Human protein albumin (HSA), fibrinogen (FB) and transferrin (TRF) were tested from single and multiple protein solution. Furthermore, in-vitro human serum protein adsorption on clinical dialyzers was investigated using UV–Visible to confirm the competitive adsorption tendency. Results showed that when proteins were adsorbed from their mixture, FB content (among proteins) in the adsorbed layer increased from 3.6% mass (content in the initial solution) to 18% mass and 12%, in case of in situ quantitative and invitro analysis, respectively. The increase in FB content was accompanied by the decrease in the HSA content, while TRF remained on approximately on the same level for both cases. Overall, the percentage of HSA adsorption ratio onto the HD membrane has dropped approximately 10 times when HSA was adsorbed in competition with other proteins, compared to the adsorption from single HSA solution. The substitution of HSA with FB was especially noticeable when HSA adsorption from its single solution was compared with the case of the protein mixture. Moreover, SR-µCT has revealed that FB when adsorbed from a protein mixture solution is located predominately in the middle of the membrane, whereas the peak of the distribution is shifted to membrane bottom layers when adsorption from FB single solution takes place. Results showed that HSA FB and TRF adsorption behavior observations are similar on both in-situ small scale and clinical dialyzer of the PES membrane.
High-temperature operation of gallium oxide memristors up to 600 K
Authors: Sato Kento , Hayashi Yusuke , Masaoka Naoki , Tohei Tetsuya , Sakai Akira
Published: January 2023

Memristors have attracted much attention for application in neuromorphic devices and brain-inspired computing hardware. Their performance at high temperatures is required to be sufficiently reliable in neuromorphic computing, potential application to power electronics, and the aerospace industry. This work focuses on reduced gallium oxide (GaOx) as a wide bandgap memristive material that is reported to exhibit highly reliable resistive switching operation. We prepared amorphous GaOx films to fabricate Pt/GaOx/indium tin oxide memristors using pulsed laser deposition. Stable resistive switching phenomena were observed in current–voltage properties measured between 300 and 600 K. The conduction mechanism analysis revealed that the resistive switching is caused by the transition between ohmic and space charge limiting current conductions. We elucidated the importance of appropriate control of the density of oxygen vacancies to obtain a high on/off resistance ratio and distinct resistive switching at high temperatures. These results indicate that GaOx is a promising memristor material that can be stably operated even at the record-high temperature of 600 K.
Formation of surface states on Pb(111) by Au adsorption
Authors: Chen Wei-Chuan , Chen Chin-Hsuan , Huang Angus , Lei Kaweng , Mikolas David , Dai Ming-kwan , Kuo Je-Ming , Lin Dai-Shien , Cheng Cheng-Maw , Jeng H.-T. , Tang S.-J.
Published: January 2023

Using low-energy electron diffraction and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigated the lattice and electronic structures of the Pb(111) surface upon the adsorption of Au atoms at the low temperature T = 40 K. Unlike earlier results showing the formation of PbAu-alloy layers at room temperature, we found that Au atoms form a ultra-thin superstructure, Au/Pb(111)-3 × 3, on top of the Pb(111) surface. Moreover, three surface-state bands, S1, S2, and S3, are induced within and immediately adjacent to the Pb bulk projected band gap centered at the surface zone boundary$${\overline{\text{M}}}_{Pb(111)}$$M¯Pb(111)at the energies of − 0.02, − 1.05, and − 2.56 eV, respectively. First-principles calculation based on Au/Pb(111)-3 × 3 confirms the measured surface-state bands among which the most interesting are the S1and S3surface states. They are derived from surface resonances in Pb(111). Moreover, S1, which disperses across Fermi level, exhibits a large anisotropic Rashba splitting with α of 1.0 and 3.54 eVÅ in the two symmetry directions centered at$${\overline{\text{M}}}_{Pb(111)}$$M¯Pb(111). The corresponding Rashba splitting of S1band in Cu/Pb(111)-3 × 3 and Ag/Pb(111)-3 × 3 were calculated for comparison.
Incidence trends and spatial distributions of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Hsin-I , Chiang Chun-Ju , Su Shih-Yung , Jhuang Jing-Rong , Tsai Dai-Rong , Yang Ya-Wen , Lin Li-Ju , Wang Yu-Chen , Lee Wen-Chung
Published: January 2023

Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in Taiwan. After Taiwan implemented the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act in 1997, smoking rates declined. However, the incidence rates of lung cancer for both sexes are still increasing, possibly due to risk factors other than smoking. We used age–period–cohort analysis to examine the secular trends of lung cancer incidence rates by histological type in Taiwan. A stabilized kriging method was employed to map these lung cancer incidence rates. Lung adenocarcinoma incidence rates increased, but lung squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates decreased, for both the sexes in recent birth cohorts, particularly in women. In Taiwan, the hotspots of lung adenocarcinoma incidence rates were in the northern, northeastern, and western coastal areas; the incidence rates increased rapidly in the western and southern coastal regions and southern mountainous regions. The high incidence rates of lung squamous cell carcinoma in men were in the southwestern and northeastern coastal areas. The incidence rates rapidly increased in the central and southern coastal and mountainous regions. For both sexes in Taiwan, lung squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates declined from 1997 to 2017, but lung adenocarcinoma increased. The increased incidence rates of lung adenocarcinoma may be related to indoor and outdoor air pollution. Some areas in Taiwan have increasing lung cancer incidence rates, including the northwestern and southern coasts and mountains, and warrant particular attention.
Antireflection of optical anisotropic dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Liao Yu-Hsuan , Hsu Wei-Lun , Yu Chen-Yi , Wang Chih-Ming
Published: January 2023

We propose a hetero-nano-fin structure to further improve the efficiency of Pancharatnam–Berry phase metasurfaces. Two hetero-nano-fin types, MgF2/GaN and MgF2/Nb2O5, were investigated. The overall polarization conversion efficiency (PCE) improved from 52.7 to 54% for the MgF2/GaN nano-fin compared with the bare GaN nano-fin. The overall PCE of the Nb2O5 nano-fin was 1.7 times higher than that of the GaN nano-fin. The overall PCE improved from 92.4% up to 96% after the application of MgF2 antireflection. Moreover, the antireflection improves efficiency by an average of 4.3% in wavelengths from 450 to 700 nm. Although the increment of energy seems minimal, antireflection is crucial for a metasurface, not only enhancing efficiency but also reducing background signal of a meta-device.
The impact of thrombocytopenia on variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: Chen Yang , Yang Chongtu , Huang Songjiang , Liu Jiacheng , Wang Yingliang , Zhou Chen , Li Tongqiang , Wang Chaoyang , Ju Shuguang , Bai Yaowei , Yao Wei , Xiong Bin
Published: January 2023

Thrombocytopenia is the most frequent haematologic disorder in patients with cirrhosis, and it is perceived as a contributory factor for bleeding events. Cirrhosis patients with portal hypertension (PHT) is often accompanied with mild to moderate thrombocytopenia when they treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). To address whether the risk of variceal hemorrhage after TIPS varies with different platelet count in patients with normal platelet count and thrombocytopenia, we conducted the retrospective controlled study to evaluate the association of platelet count with the risk of variceal bleeding after TIPS. 304 patients were selected to the study. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for potential selection bias. 63 patients from each group could be paired. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between platelet and variceal bleeding after TIPS. Platelet counts of two groups are 185.0 ± 98.7 × 109/L (normal platelet count) and 70.6 ± 39.3 × 109/L (thrombocytopenia) respectively. The bleeding rates of two groups in overall cohort are 10.9% (normal platelet count) and 12.9% (thrombocytopenia). After matched, the bleeding rates of two groups are 11.1% (normal platelet count) and 14.3% (thrombocytopenia) There was no statistically significant difference in bleeding rates between the two groups, either in the whole cohort (P = 0.671) or in the matched cohort (P = 0.593). Platelet count was not associated with bleeding events after TIPS (hazard ratio (HR) 95% confidence interval: 0.986–1.005, P = 0.397 in normal platelet count and 95% confidence interval: 0.968–1.020, P = 0.648 in thrombocytopenia). Thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis was not associated with the risk of variceal bleeding episodes post-TIPS. Thrombocytopenia should not be viewed as an absolute contraindication for TIPS.
Stability analysis of soft–hard-interbedded anti-inclined rock slope
Authors: Guo Jian‑jun , Wu Zhen-wei , Liu Kai
Published: January 2023

The instability of rock slope is still a very frequent geological disaster, which seriously affects people's life and production activities. Previous studies have mainly focused on deformation mechanism, prediction, and control of hard rock with single lithology, while there are limited studies on the theoretic computational method of the stability for soft–hard interbedded anti-inclined rock strata. In this study, a geomechanical model for the toppling failure of soft–hard-interbedded anti-inclined rock slope is established. The modes of failure for soft and hard rock strata are analyzed, the computational formula of the downward thrust for each anti-inclined rock stratum is derived, and the stability safety factor of each rock stratum is defined. A theoretical computational method for determining the potentially most dangerous failure surface of soft–hard-interbedded anti-inclined rock slope is proposed. By comparing with the existing research results, the theoretical solving method proposed in this study can well solve the location of the potentially most dangerous failure surface of soft–hard-interbedded anti-inclined rock slope. The potentially most dangerous failure surface of this kind of slope is approximately planar, and the angle between it and the normal plane of the rock strata is an acute angle within 30°. It provides theoretical support for the stability analysis of this kind of slope.
Low-cost and prototype-friendly method for biocompatible encapsulation of implantable electronics with epoxy overmolding, hermetic feedthroughs and P3HT coating
Authors: Novák Marek , Rosina Jozef , Bendová Hana , Kejlová Kristina , Vlková Alena , Rucki Marian , Svobodová Lada , Gürlich Robert , Hajer Jan
Published: January 2023

The research of novel implantable medical devices is one of the most attractive, yet complex areas in the biomedical field. The design and development of sufficiently small devices working in an in vivo environment is challenging but successful encapsulation of such devices is even more so. Industry-standard methods using glass and titanium are too expensive and tedious, and epoxy or silicone encapsulation is prone to water ingress with cable feedthroughs being the most frequent point of failure. This paper describes a universal and straightforward method for reliable encapsulation of circuit boards that achieves ISO10993 compliance. A two-part PVDF mold was machined using a conventional 3-axis machining center. Then, the circuit board with a hermetic feedthrough was placed in the mold and epoxy resin was injected into the mold under pressure to fill the cavity. Finally, the biocompatibility was further enhanced with an inert P3HT polymer coating which can be easily formulated into an ink. The biocompatibility of the encapsulants was assessed according to ISO10993. The endurance of the presented solution compared to silicone potting and epoxy potting was assessed by submersion in phosphate-buffered saline solution at 37 °C. The proposed method showed superior results to PDMS and simple epoxy potting.
Brillouin–Raman micro-spectroscopy and machine learning techniques to classify osteoarthritic lesions in the human articular cartilage
Authors: Alunni Cardinali Martina , Govoni Marco , Tschon Matilde , Brogini Silvia , Vivarelli Leonardo , Morresi Assunta , Fioretto Daniele , Rocchi Martina , Stagni Cesare , Fini Milena , Dallari Dante
Published: January 2023

In this study, Brillouin and Raman micro-Spectroscopy (BRamS) and Machine Learning were used to set-up a new diagnostic tool for Osteoarthritis (OA), potentially extendible to other musculoskeletal diseases. OA is a degenerative pathology, causing the onset of chronic pain due to cartilage disruption. Despite this, it is often diagnosed late and the radiological assessment during the routine examination may fail to recognize the threshold beyond which pharmacological treatment is no longer sufficient and prosthetic replacement is required. Here, femoral head resections of OA-affected patients were analyzed by BRamS, looking for distinctive mechanical and chemical markers of the progressive degeneration degree, and the result was compared to standard assignment via histological staining. The procedure was optimized for diagnostic prediction by using a machine learning algorithm and reducing the time required for measurements, paving the way for possible future in vivo characterization of the articular surface through endoscopic probes during arthroscopy.
Generation of intense magnetic wakes by relativistic laser pulses in plasma
Authors: Lamač Marcel , Chaulagain Uddhab , Nejdl Jaroslav , Bulanov Sergey V.
Published: January 2023

The emergence of petawatt lasers focused to relativistic intensities enables all-optical laboratory generation of intense magnetic fields in plasmas, which are of great interest due to their ubiquity in astrophysical phenomena. In this work, we study generation of spatially extended and long-lived intense magnetic fields. We show that such magnetic fields, scaling up to the gigagauss range, can be generated by interaction of petawatt laser pulses with relativistically underdense plasma. With three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations we investigate generation of magnetic fields with strengths up to $$10^{10}$$

10
10

G and perform a large multi-parametric study of magnetic field in dependence on dimensionless laser amplitude $$a_{0}$$

a
0

and normalized plasma density $$n_{e}/n_{c}$$

n
e

/

n
c

. The numerical results yield scaling laws that closely follow derived analytical result $$B \propto \sqrt{a_{0}n_{e}/n_{c}}$$

B
∝

a
0

n
e

/

n
c

, and further show a close match with previous experimental works. Furthermore, we show in three-dimensional geometry that the decay of the magnetic wake is governed by current filament bending instability, which develops similarly to von Kármán vortex street in its nonlinear stage.
Self reward design with fine-grained interpretability
Authors: Tjoa Erico , Guan Cuntai
Published: January 2023

The black-box nature of deep neural networks (DNN) has brought to attention the issues of transparency and fairness. Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL or DRL), which uses DNN to learn its policy, value functions etc, is thus also subject to similar concerns. This paper proposes a way to circumvent the issues through the bottom-up design of neural networks with detailed interpretability, where each neuron or layer has its own meaning and utility that corresponds to humanly understandable concept. The framework introduced in this paper is called the Self Reward Design (SRD), inspired by the Inverse Reward Design, and this interpretable design can (1) solve the problem by pure design (although imperfectly) and (2) be optimized like a standard DNN. With deliberate human designs, we show that some RL problems such as lavaland and MuJoCo can be solved using a model constructed with standard NN components with few parameters. Furthermore, with our fish sale auction example, we demonstrate how SRD is used to address situations that will not make sense if black-box models are used, where humanly-understandable semantic-based decision is required.
Impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID inpatient care in southern Spain
Authors: Gasch-Illescas Antonia , Calle-Serrano Marta , Vallejo-Vaz Antonio J. , Praena-Fernández Juan M. , Guerrero Jose A. , Calderón Enrique J. , Pollán Marina , Medrano Francisco J.
Published: January 2023

We assessed the impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID hospital admissions, non-COVID mortality, factors associated with non-COVID mortality, and changes in the profile of non-COVID patients admitted to hospital. We used the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set with diagnosis grouped according to the Diagnostic Related Groups. A total of 10,594 patients (3% COVID-19; 97% non-COVID) hospitalised during the first wave in 2020 (27-February/07-June) were compared with those hospitalised within the same dates of 2017–2019 (average annual admissions: 14,037). We found a decrease in non-COVID medical (22%) and surgical (33%) hospitalisations and a 25.7% increase in hospital mortality among non-COVID patients during the first pandemic wave compared to pre-pandemic years. During the officially declared sub-period of excess mortality in the area (17-March/20-April, in-hospital non-COVID mortality was even higher (58.7% higher than the pre-pandemic years). Non-COVID patients hospitalised during the first pandemic wave (compared to pre-pandemic years) were older, more frequently men, with longer hospital stay and increased disease severity. Hospitalisation during the first pandemic wave in 2020, compared to hospitalisation during the pre-pandemic years, was an independent risk factor for non-COVID mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07–1.57, p = 0.008), reflecting the negative impact of the pandemic on hospitalised patients.
Association of circadian rhythm with mild cognitive impairment among male pneumoconiosis workers in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Bixia , Liao Gengze , Lee Priscilla Ming Yi , Chan Chi Kuen , Tai Lai-bun , Tsang Chun Yuk Jason , Leung Chi Chiu , Tse Lap Ah
Published: January 2023

Weakened circadian activity rhythms (CARs) were associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the general population. However, it remains unclear among pneumoconiosis patients. We aimed to address this knowledge gap. This cross-sectional study comprised 186 male pneumoconiosis patients (71.3 ± 7.8 years) and 208 healthy community men. Actigraphy was used to determine CARs parameters (percent rhythm, amplitude, MESOR, and acrophase). Values below the corresponding medians of the CARs parameters represented weakened CARs. The Cantonese version of Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE) was used to assess cognitive function, MCI, and the composite outcome of MCI plus cognitive impairment. Compared with the community referents, pneumoconiosis patients had worse cognition and dampened CARs. Compared with the community referents or pneumoconiosis patients with robust circadian rhythm, pneumoconiosis patients with weakened circadian rhythm were consistently associated with increased risk of MCI and the composite outcome. However, significant association was only observed between MESOR and the composite outcome (adjusted OR = 1.99, 95%: 1.04–3.81). A delayed phase of CARs was insignificantly associated with MCI and the composite outcome. Our findings showed that weakened CARs were associated with worse cognitive function among male pneumoconiosis workers. Intervention in improving CARs may mitigate cognitive deterioration in male pneumoconiosis workers.
A high-efficiency discretized immersed boundary method for moving boundaries in incompressible flows
Authors: Xu Dong , Liu Jianing , Wu Yunfeng , Ji Chunning
Published: January 2023

The Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) has an advantage in simulating fluid–structure interaction, owning to its simplicity, intuitiveness, and ease of handling complex object boundaries. The interpolation function plays a vital role in IBM and it is usually computationally intensive. For moving or deforming solids, the interpolation weights of all the immersed boundary points ought to be updated every time step, which takes quite a lot CPU time. Since the interpolation procedure within all uniform structured grids is highly repetitive and very similar, we propose a simple and generalized Discretized Immersed Boundary Method (DIBM), which significantly improves efficiency by discretizing the interpolation functions onto subgrid points within each control volume and reusing a predefined universal interpolation stencil. The accuracy and performance of DIBM are analyzed using both theoretical estimation and simulation tests. The results show speedup ratios of 30–40 or even higher using DIBM when compared with conventional IBM for typical moving boundary simulations like particle-laden flows, while the error is estimated to be under 1% and can be further decreased by using finer subgrid stencils. By balancing the performance and accuracy demands, DIBM provides an efficient alternative framework for handling moving boundaries in incompressible viscous flows.
Design development and optimisation of multifunctional Doxorubicin-loaded Indocynanine Green proniosomal gel derived niosomes for tumour management
Authors: Darson Jaison , Thirunellai Seshadri Radha , Katariya Kajal , Mohan Mothilal , Srinivas Kamath Manjunath , Etyala Meher Abhinav , Chandrasekaran Gopalakrishnan
Published: January 2023

This study presents the design, development, and optimization of multifunctional Doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded Indocyanine Green (ICG) proniosomal gel-derived niosomes, using Design of Experiments (23 factorial model). Herein, the multifunctional proniosomal gel was prepared using the coacervation phase separation technique, which on hydration forms niosomes. The effect of formulation variables on various responses including Zeta potential, Vesicle size, entrapment efficiency of Dox, entrapment efficiency of ICG, Invitro drug release at 72nd hour, and NIR hyperthermia temperature were studied using statistical models. On the basis of the high desirability factor, optimized formulation variables were identified and validated with the experimental results. Further, the chemical nature, vesicle morphology, surface charge, and vesicle size of optimized proniosomal gel-derived niosomes were evaluated. In addition, the effect of free ICG and bound ICG on NIR hyperthermia efficiency has been investigated to demonstrate the heating rate and stability of ICG in the aqueous environment and increased temperature conditions. The drug release and kinetic studies revealed a controlled biphasic release profile with complex mechanisms of drug transport for optimized proniosomal gel-derived niosomes. The potential cytotoxic effect of the optimised formulation was also demonstrated invitro using HeLa cell lines.
Morphometric delineation of administrative boundaries and classification of threatened categories of small watersheds in transboundary rivers
Authors: Anshumali  , Pandey Rahul Kumar , Gupta Rahul Kumar , Kumar Sanchit
Published: January 2023

The ecological conservation of large rivers is impossible unless immediate attention is given to protecting their small tributaries at local levels. The natural boundaries of large river basins are shrinking because their tributaries and streams of different orders are disappearing at an unprecedented rate. Delineation of the fixed administrative boundaries (AB) to protect the natural boundary of small rivers and their classification into appropriate threatened categories, the present study was carried out on the 54.08 km long Banki River in the Ganga River basin. The > 70% irreversible loss in the number of streams (Nu), length of streams (Lu), and drainage density (Dd) resulted in the conversion of the 6th order Banki into the 4th order river. The extreme morphometric changes result in the Banki watershed being under the “Critically Endangered” category. The drainage density ratio (DdR) and mean stream width (Msw) were used to determine the width of AB (WAB). The “River Red List Categories and Criteria” are being proposed to strengthen global initiatives at the local levels to protect and conserve inland water bodies and transboundary rivers.
Diagnosis and treatment of intractable idiopathic orofacial pain with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kasahara Satoshi , Takahashi Kaori , Matsudaira Ko , Sato Naoko , Fukuda Ken-ichi , Toyofuku Akira , Yoshikawa Tatsuya , Kato Yuichi , Niwa Shin-Ichi , Uchida Kanji
Published: January 2023

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported to be associated with primary chronic pain syndromes, such as fibromyalgia, migraine, and chronic low back pain. Although idiopathic orofacial pain (IOP) is classified as burning mouth syndrome or persistent idiopathic facial or dentoalveolar pain and as a primary chronic pain, the association between IOP and ADHD has not been investigated. This retrospective cohort study investigated the severity of ADHD symptoms measured using the ADHD scale and the effects of treatment using ADHD drugs and the dopamine system stabilizer aripiprazole. The participants were 25 consecutive patients with refractory IOP referred to a psychiatrist and diagnosed with coexisting ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5. The ADHD scale scores were higher in patients with intractable IOP than those in the general population. Pharmacotherapy used in this study led to clinically significant improvements in pain, anxiety/depression, and pain catastrophizing. Intractable IOP and ADHD were shown to be associated. In the future, screening and pharmacotherapy for ADHD should be considered in the treatment of intractable IOP.
A rapid and sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method for determining vincristine in micro-volumes of plasma for pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Wang Jie , Li Li , Wu Chun-Ying , Chu Chen-Chao , Guo Hong-Li , Li Tao , Chen Feng , Zhou Li , Hu Ya-Hui
Published: January 2023

This paper focused on the method development and validation for plasma vincristine measurement. The proactive therapeutic drug monitoring of vincristine may be helpful to manage the treatment for pediatric cancer patients.
Expanding opportunities to engineer mucosal vaccination with biomaterials
Authors: Freire Haddad Helena , Roe Emily F. , Collier Joel H.
Published: January 2023

Here we discuss material strategies for mucus penetration to deliver mucosal vaccines, including polymeric coatings, microneedle arrays, self-propulsion, mucus disruption, receptor targeting, and pathogen inspired methods.Created with Biorender.com.
Visible-light-induced decarboxylation/defluorosilylation protocol for synthesis ofgem-difluoroalkenes
Authors: Gao Pan , Cui Liping , Zhang Guodong , Chen Feng
Published: January 2023

A catalytic defluorosilylation is disclosed that provides a concise route togem-difluoroallylsilanes with broad functional-group compatibility from trifluoromethylalkenes and silacarboxylic acids, stable silyl radical precursors.
Carbonaceous deposits on cobalt particles reverse the catalytic patterns in butadiene hydrogenation
Authors: Chen Zhibing , Guo Luyao , Wang Yi , Mou Xiaoling , Chen Zupeng , Lin Ronghe , Ding Yunjie
Published: January 2023

Thein situformed carbonaceous deposits on a nitrogen-doped carbon-supported cobalt nanoparticle catalyst dramatically enhanced butenes selectivity and catalyst stability in butadiene hydrogenation.
Scalable production of an intermetallic Pt–Co electrocatalyst for high-power proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells
Authors: Yoo Tae Yong , Lee Jongmin , Kim Sungjun , Her Min , Kim Shin-Yeong , Lee Young-Hoon , Shin Heejong , Jeong Hyunsun , Sinha Arun Kumar , Cho Sung-Pyo , Sung Yung-Eun , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: January 2023

High-power PEMFC performance requires holistic consideration of activation, ohmic, and concentration losses. A scalable production method of ORR electrocatalysts is developed to tackle all the critical factors to achieve practical PEMFC operation.
Effects of l-carnitine supplementation on glucolipid metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yanfei , Xie Yuchen , Qiu Chensheng , Yu Bowen , Yang Fangzheng , Cheng Yuanchao , Zhong Weizhen , Yuan Junhua
Published: January 2023

l-Carnitine supplementation has been utilized against glucolipid metabolism disruption.
Efficient red luminescence in Eu3+doped CdSe/CdS all-inorganic quantum dots shows great potential for wLEDs
Authors: Chen Zhi , Li Yonggui , Wu Lixin
Published: January 2023

Complete inorganic quantum dots (QDs) CdSe/CdS:Eu3+with full transmittance were proposed as red color converters for white light emitting diodes (wLEDs) using a facile one-step melt quenching method.
Designing a new method for growing metal–organic framework (MOF) on MOF: synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications
Authors: Sanati-Tirgan Parvin , Eshghi Hossein , Mohammadinezhad Arezou
Published: January 2023

A core–shell MOFs architecture (Fe3O4-MAA@Co-MOF@Cu-MOF NPs) for the synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones derivatives under solvent-free conditions has been developed.
Ligand engineering of luminescent AuAg nanoclusters for targeted mitochondrial and brain imaging
Authors: Pan Xinxin , Zuo Zhongxiang , Wang Ziping , Yang Ge , Zhu Haiguang , Li Yang , Yuan Xun
Published: January 2023

Surface engineering of highly luminescent AuAg nanoclustersviatriphenylphosphine conjugation enables targeted mitochondrial andin vivobrain imaging.
New iron(iii) complex of bis-bidentate-anchored diacyl resorcinol on a Fe3O4 nanomagnet: C–H bond oxygenation, oxidative cleavage of alkenes and benzoxazole synthesis
Authors: Majedi Mona , Safaei Elham , Gyergyek Sašo
Published: January 2023

A novel, bi-metallic iron(iii) complex of covalently anchored, diacetyl resorcinol ligand on silica-coated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles has been synthesized and applied in organic transformations.
Excited state energy landscape of phosphorescent group 14 complexes
Authors: Sikora Philipp , Naumann Robert , Förster Christoph , Heinze Katja
Published: January 2023

The differing excited state energy landscapes of group 14 complexes can lead to Kasha and non-Kasha phosphorescence.
Degradation of phenolic compounds in wastewater using a conical-shaped packed-bed microbial fuel cell in continuous flow with recycling
Authors: Singh Shiv , Pandey Komal , Verma Nishith
Published: January 2023

A packed-bed SCMFC is used to demonstrate the positive effects of recycling in continuous mode on the degradation of a phenolic compound in wastewater.
Research progress on the construction of synergistic electrocatalytic ORR/OER self-supporting cathodes for zinc–air batteries
Authors: Liu Qi , Wang Lei , Fu Honggang
Published: January 2023

The synthetic strategies, application and future development of non-precious metal-based self-supporting electrodes for Zn–air batteries have been systematically summarized according to the recent research progress.
Dynamic molecular tunnel junctions based on self-assembled monolayers for high tunneling current triboelectricity generation
Authors: Zhang Lu , Shalabny Awad , Su Chen , Cui Xin , Sweedan Amro , Zhang Kefan , Harilal Sherina , Sadhujan Sumesh , Bashouti Muhammad Y.
Published: January 2023

Here, we show a novel energy conversion design with a dynamic MIM structure. This is realized though grafting CF3group which shows high tunnelling current density of up to 7.6 × 106Am−2. This can further fulfill the macroscopic energy harvesting.
Glaser coupling for the synthesis of transformable polymacrocyclic polymers
Authors: Wang Jinghang , Zhou Chaofan , Liu Hewen
Published: January 2023

Glaser coupling of a macrocyclic monomer to afford transformable polymacrocyclic polymers and its side reactions are investigated.
Technological foundations for solving problem of metallurgy and TPP waste utilization for development of "Green" technology for composite cements production
Authors: Iskandarova Mastura , Begjanova Gulruh , Mukhitdinov Dilshod , Yakubzhanova Zukhra , Botirov Burxon
Published: January 2023

The chemical-mineralogical compositions and physic-chemical properties of slag waste from the Angren TPP and Uzmetkombinat JSC were determined. A Conclusion was issued on their suitability for use as additives in cement and the possibility of using them for producing new types of hybrid additives for the production of composite Portland cements. With different combinations and ratios of Portland cement clinker, natural gypsum stone, and hybrid additives, the compositions of composite Portland cements were obtained and optimized, and Conclusions were issued on their compliance with the requirements of the Standard of the Republic of Uzbekistan Uz DSt 2830:2014 "Portland cement with composite additives. Specifications".
Results of computational studies of stress-strain state of locks No. 15 and No. 16 of Gorodetsky complex of hydraulic structures
Authors: Britvin Sergey , Rubin Oleg , Belkin Pavel , Lisichkin Sergey , Baklykov Igor , Yurchenko Alexander
Published: January 2023

The article provides the results of computational studies of the stress-strain state of reinforced concrete structures chambers of locks No. 15 and No. 16 of the Gorodetsky complex of hydraulic structures, performed on the basis of a finite element model taking into account the data of long-term monitoring and field surveys. Combinations of loads that are pleasant in computational studies correspond to the most unfavorable operating conditions. The applied finite element models take into account the structural features of the structure, including interlocking construction joints and the actual location of the reinforcement. In the computational studies, the load-bearing capacity of the actual anchoring of the new repair concrete and the concrete of the main array was checked; the distribution of vertical stresses in the chamber walls, in the reinforcement of the chamber wall, the values of the main stresses in the concrete block under the construction joint was obtained. Conclusions are drawn about the values of horizontal displacements of the upper parts of the chamber walls, cracking in the walls, and the need for reliable anchoring of new repair concrete to the concrete of the main array.
About one boundary-value problem arising in modeling dynamics of groundwater
Authors: Abdullayev Akmal , Hidoyatova Muyassar , Safarbayeva Nigora
Published: January 2023

Modeling the movement of moisture in the soil is of great importance for assessing the impact of agricultural land on surface water bodies and, consequently, on the natural environment and humans. This is because huge volumes of pollutants from the fields (pesticides, mineral fertilizers, nitrates, and nutrients contained in them) are transferred to reservoirs by filtering moisture. Different methods solve all these tasks. The method of natural analogies is based on the analysis of graphs of fluctuations in groundwater level. To apply this method on irrigated lands, it is necessary to have a sufficiently studied irrigated area with similar natural, organizational and economic conditions. The successful application of this method, based on the fundamental theory of physical similarity, mainly depends on the availability of a sufficiently close comparison object, which is quite rare in practice. Physical modeling is often used to construct dams and other hydraulic structures. Previously, the method of electrical modeling was also widely used. It was further found that nonlocal boundary conditions arise in the problems of predicting soil moisture, modeling fluid filtration in porous media, mathematical modeling of laser radiation processes, and plasma physics problems, as well as mathematical biology.
Numerical solution of problem of longitudinal vibration of underground pipeline by the method of finite differences
Authors: Abdullayev Z. , Shadmanova G. , Khusainov R. , Khusainov S.
Published: January 2023

This paper analyzes the dynamic response of a wave propagating to the soil horizontally through a pipe. That is, the state considers a linear viscoelastic model of the interaction of the "pipe-soil" system. This problem is solved using the numerical method of differential equations. The longitudinal wave in the ground is taken as a sinusoid. And also, in the article, we will compare the comparative analysis of the results for some values of the coefficients of elasticity and viscosity of taste, propagation velocity, and pulse duration. In the current flow of the "pipe-soil" system, reflections of waves propagating in an underground pipeline at the boundaries of the pipeline, usually propagating in soils. This leads to a change in the shape of the underground pipeline, the value of which can double. The viscosity coefficient of interaction at the "pipe-soil" system contact leads to attenuation of the wave front in the underground pipeline. For soils with values of viscous interaction coefficient more than 100 kN·s/m2, this may lead to complete attenuation of the bursts at the wave front in the pipeline. The ratio of steps along the coordinate and time equal to the propagation of waves in the pipeline, obtaining results that coincide with the exact nature.
Steel profile corrosion resistance in contact with monolithic foam concrete
Authors: Rybakov Vladimir , Seliverstov Anatoly , Usanova Kseniia
Published: January 2023

The study evaluates corrosion resistance of steel profiles in contact with monolithic foam concrete with a thickness of 5 and 10 mm. There are two types of samples: structural steel ones and cold-formed galvanized steel ones. A visual examination of samples exposed to high temperature and relative humidity is carried out. The corrosion resistance of profiles made of structural steel and cold-formed galvanized steel in full contact with monolithic foam concrete provides. Metal passivation (formation of a protective film) occurs due to the high alkalinity of foam concrete. The pH values of concrete and concrete mixture, experimentally obtained, vary in the range of 12.18 ... 12.36 at all stages of the structural behavior. This indicates a favorable highly alkaline environment for profile steel.
Calculation of monolithic bridges taking into account seismic conditions of Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Shermukhamedov Ulugbek , Karimova Anora , Abdullaev Abdurakhim , Hikmatova Inobat
Published: January 2023

To improve the transport infrastructure of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the monolithic structure of bridges and overpasses began to be used. The article presents the calculation of a monolithic overpass on the 1083rd km of the M-39 highway passing through Samarkand. The results of the calculation of a monolithic overpass from dynamic load are presented based on the records of two real seismograms for two dangerous earthquakes for the system with spectral composition: Gazli (Uzbekistan) and Manjil (Iran). The calculations show that to ensure guaranteed seismic safety of transport structures, it is necessary to carry out design calculations based on sets of records of earthquakes that occurred, close in dominant frequencies to the characteristics of the construction site. Such a provision should be introduced into the relevant regulatory documents.
Experimental study of vibrations of cross-rod spatial structures
Authors: Khalmuradov Rustam , Khudoynazarov Khayrulla , Isabekov K
Published: January 2023

This article explores a technique for studying the dynamic characteristics of cross-rod spatial structures (CRSS) using small-scale models, including the developed nodal connection of spatial frame rods protected by copyright. Using a nodal connection makes it possible to regulate the construction lifting of large-span structures and increases their strength and reliability. The developed nodal connection of the structure can be used for any spatial frames of buildings and structures and is especially effective for the frames erected in areas of high seismicity.

Choosing methods for excitation of free and forced vibrations is being investigated, equipment for recording and recording vibrations is selected, and a layout of vibration sensors and sources of excitation of free and forced vibrations is being developed. Natural vertical oscillations of the structure model were caused by removing it from the state of equilibrium by concentrated loads applied in the middle and a quarter of the span with their subsequent removal.

The test results and their analysis are analyzed. The experimental models' elements at all loading stages worked in the elastic stage. The tests showed that the structure has sufficient strength, stability, rigidity, and seismic resistance. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made for their use in calculating and designing CRSS for seismic regions.
Review and practice of optimal structural design and selection of structural systems
Authors: Saidmamatov Alamkhon , Akramova Damira , Muminov Kamoliddin , Egamberdiev Ismoil , Turgunpulatov Mirzohid , Pardaeva Gulmira
Published: January 2023

The article describes the analysis of the optimal structural design and selection of structural systems and analyzes the technical and economic indicators of various design solutions. An important step in solving the design optimization problem is the correct choice of the optimality indicator. In the works included in the review, various optimality criteria are adopted. For example, the criterion for the minimum weight is justified when the structure's material is homogeneous. The issues of choosing a quality criterion when optimizing the design of a structure for minimum weight are also given a place. Comparing various recalculation methods while minimizing the weight of a structure under conditions of permissible stresses and displacements in certain load cases, the work looks at a nonlinear programming method and algorithms based on optimality criteria and a "mixed method" based on combining recalculation and nonlinear programming methods. In modern conditions, the restructuring and reorientation of the economy of the Republic, when the need arises for structures that allow placing medium and small enterprises, and in areas with the minimum level of employment, the problem arises of choosing a certain constructive solution that allows the construction of facilities with minimal labor costs, cost, the earliest possible payback and while ensuring seismic resistance. In this regard, various design solutions' technical and economic indicators are analyzed.
Improving properties of portland cement using new types of composite additives
Authors: Iskandarova M.I. , Atabaev F.B. , Yakubzhanova Z.B. , Begjanova G.B. , Mironyuk N.A. , Axmedova D.U.
Published: January 2023

The possibility of improving the physical and mechanical properties of Portland cement with maximum clinker savings by optimizing the composition of hybrid additives is shown. It has been established that hybrid additives combining local mineral ingredients with the additive of artificial origin Phosfozol allow saving low-clinker Portland cement while maintaining its original grade 400.
Calculation of parameters of anchor-sprayed concrete support vertical mining operations
Authors: Khalmuradov Rustam , Khudoynazarov Khayrulla , Omonov Sh.
Published: January 2023

The issues of assessing the stability and fastening of horizontal and vertical mine workings, considering various mining and geological conditions, are relevant. The study of scientific papers related to this problem has shown that a fairly large number of works are devoted to developing methods for calculating and applying anchor-sprayed concrete support for the walls of horizontal mine workings. At the same time, there is no design model for using such a support for the trunks of vertical mine workings. In the proposed work, the method proposed in the previous work of the authors [1] is used to calculate the parameters of the anchor support of the trunks of vertical workings. To develop a methodology for calculating the thickness of the sprayed concrete coating, a model of a quadrangular plate was adopted, and methods of the theory of elasticity were applied, similar to the problem of calculating boiler walls reinforced with anchor bolts, first solved by academician A.S.Leibenzon. As a result, a new formula for determining the thickness of sprayed concrete for vertical shafts is proposed, taking into account the steps of installing anchors horizontally and vertically and the influence of the lateral rebound coefficient under the action of a gravitational stress field. The problem of determining the strength limit of anchors on a slice interacting with a sprayed concrete coating is solved. An expression is obtained for determining the minimum value of the shear stress for the applied anchors at depth in rocks with a density; a formula is derived that allows determining the upper limit of permissible distances between anchor belts vertically, different from previously known similar formulas in that it takes into account the effects of the radius of the zone of destroyed rocks, the thickness of the sprayed concrete and the ultimate strength of the sprayed concrete. In addition, in its structure, there is a factor of the angle of inclination to the horizon of the most dangerous sliding plane. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that a technique has been developed that allows the calculation of a combined anchor-sprayed concrete support for small vertical shafts, optimize the values of the parameters of such support and create a corresponding mathematical model.
Autoregulatory of water level with flexible working bodies for partition structures on channels
Authors: Kadirova Mukaddas-Gaukhar
Published: January 2023

To improve the existing designs of hydraulic automatic gates with flexible working bodies for partition structures on channels, the object of the study was the development and study of an innovative design of an autoregulator of the water level with flexible working bodies. The study's main objective was to create a structure that provides automatic level control, discharge of excess water, washing of deposits in front of the partition, and determining its throughput. The developed design consists of a gate with flexible working bodies and a water level regulator combined with it. The article provides a theoretical formula for determining the flow rate of lateral water flows through the gate of the water level autoregulator. Experimental studies were carried out on an experimental installation by the method of physical modeling using the criterion of geometric similarity of the model and nature. As a result of these studies, simpler formulas were obtained for determining the flow rate of lateral water flows through the gate and a formula for determining the total flow rate of water passing through the gate of the water level autoregulator with flexible working bodies for use during operation.