bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tibetiešu valodas specifika un mācību metodes Latvijā
Authors:   University of Latvia, Baltgalve Agita
Published: October 2022

The article offers a unique study on Tibetan language teaching methods and the usage in Latvia. Nowadays, more and more Buddhist masters from Europe and India arrive in Latvia; they are visiting Tibetan delegations from the Tibet Autonomous Region of the PRC. That is why the demand of the Tibetan language in Latvia constantly increases. In Europe, in the 19th and 20th centuries, the classical Tibetan language was mainly studied. The grammar-translation method dominated in teaching and studies, so that language learners would be able to translate Buddhist scriptures. But now, in the 21st century, thanks to the globalization, many Latvians have come into direct contact with the Tibetan culture and Tibetans. Thus, there is a real need for conversational skills, which can be acquired in a formal or informal way through communicative methods. The article consists of three parts. In the first chapter a sociolinguistic approach is used to illustrate the topicality of the Tibetan language in the Latvian society. In the second chapter the main differences of Tibetan and Latvian languages are highlighted from the perspective of contrastive linguistics. But the most important is the third part of the research, which is based on the author’s personal pedagogic experience, as well as on the theoretical and statistical conclusions made in the first and second chapters. First, the learning environment and opportunities for learning the Tibetan language in Latvia are evaluated, then the possible teaching methods and types are analysed, but in the end the author enlists and evaluates the most important teaching materials.
Vieglā valoda Latvijā
Authors:   University of Latvia, Liepa Dite
Published: October 2022

The paper provides a general overview of easy-to-read language both abroad and in Latvia. In English, there are two terms that are used to refer to easy-to-read language: “easy-to-read” (also “easy write”, “easy info”, “easy access”, “aphasia friendly”) and “plain language” (also “plain writing”, “layman terms”); in Latvian, “easy-to-read” is used the most. Currently, the Latvian National Terminology Portal offers only one term, namely, vieglā valoda (“easy-to-read” in English); therefore, this term is used throughout the paper. Since 1980s easy-to-read language both in Europe and the whole world has been known as a way of presenting information to people with various language learning disabilities. However, over time it became clear that easy-to-read language is suitable not only for people with learning disabilities: it is convenient for other groups of people as well, such as those who have just started learning the language in question, elderly people and children. At first, easy-to read language developed in parallel in Scandinavia and Germany. In 1990s, Latvian experts visited colleagues in Sweden to learn about easy-to-read language. Already during the first meeting, the idea to introduce easy-to-read language in Latvia in cooperation with the Easy-to-Read Language Centre was born. In 2000, the Easy Language Agency was founded in Riga, and up until now it remains the only organisation in Latvia consistently and purposefully working in this field. Although at first the aim was to help people with intellectual disabilities, now there are already 7 target groups in Latvia that use easy-to-read language. Latvian Radio 1 features news broadcast in easy-to-read language every evening. There is a lack of public understanding and information on easy-to-read language in Latvia, as well as its role and importance, since many people believe that it concerns only the target audience or target groups in question and does not need to be addressed at the national level. While the websites of Latvian state institutions are required to have an “Easy-to-read” section, the regulations do not specify the content such a section should have. In addition, there is a general lack of knowledge and understanding how to adapt a text to easy-to read language: often such adaptations are formal or inadequate. In the autumn of 2020, the University of Latvia Centre for Applied Linguistics and the Latvian Language Agency began a new cooperation project with ERASMUS+: “Promoting Easy-to-Read Language for Social Inclusion” (abbreviated to PERLSI). The project duration is set until 2022, and the partners are Slovenia and Lithuania. The project aims to present a comparative study on easy-to-read language in the partner states. Regarding the project outcomes, Latvia awaits easy-to-read language guidelines that would promote further development of easy-to-read language in Latvia, as well as its practical application.
Corresponding with Customers – How is Daily Writing Done by Office Workers?
Authors:   FOM Hochschule Bremen, Reinke Hartmut , Kaiser Franz ,   Universität Rostock
Published: October 2022

Business correspondence has been a subject of various advisory literatures and an object of academic writing process research for many years. With the publication of the research report “The Writing Subject”, Reinke added a relevant component to the scientific discourse on writing in the business world (Reinke 2019). Superiors who read draft texts are less perceived by the authors as help and much more as control and censorship – this can lead to a change in writing behaviour. In other words: to adapted, uncreative, externally determined letters, whose innovative power – individual originality – can no longer or does not want to develop. Reinke’s work follows Kaiser’s research (Kaiser, Brötz 2011; Kaiser 2013; Kaiser, Brötz 2015; Kaiser 2017) into the vocational training of office workers as well as Efing’s work (Efing 2015; 2017) into professional language registers. By means of a reflective grounded theory, Reinke gains interesting insights into the everyday world of writing merchants – and valuable impulses are created for the relevant training and further education.
A responsabilidade civil dos perseguidores virtuais (cyberstalkers)
Authors: Faleiros Júnior José Luiz de Moura , Olhiara Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

A prática denominada cyberstalking surge atrelada a um novo papel dos institutos já delimitados na legislação e que compõem o ordenamento, sendo desdobramento de novas contingências advindas da presença da tecnologia nas inter-relações humanas. O presente trabalho visa apurar se a prática do cyberstalking é capaz de ensejar o dever de indenizar do perseguidor para com sua vítima e, para isso, é indispensável a análise das circunstâncias jurídicas que permeiam esse tipo de conduta. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que, sob as perspectivas constitucional e legal, constata-se, a partir de então, a existência de um direito à tranquilidade para, somente então, apontar a violação desse direito como ato ilícito, passível de caracterizar a responsabilidade civil do perseguidor. A pesquisa utilizará o método de abordagem histórico-sociológico, com análise bibliográfico-doutrinária. Ao final, serão apresentadas as considerações finais, das quais se procurará extrair uma conclusão.
Las Inspecciones E Intervenciones Corporales A Propósito Del Perfeccionamiento Del Proceso Penal Cubano
Authors: Hidalgo Leaned Matos , Ramírez Yordan Chávez
Published: October 2022

La investigación aborda los presupuestos teóricos, normativos y comparados acerca de las inspecciones e intervenciones corporales, lo que pone de manifiesto su necesaria y correcta formulación como diligencias de investigación en el proceso penal cubano, con vistas a una mayor protección y garantía de los derechos del ciudadano, debido a que se generan dificultades en la práctica jurídica con su aplicación. Se define como Objetivo general: Fundamentar el perfeccionamiento del proceso penal cubano en cuanto a la formulación de las inspecciones e intervenciones corporales, a partir de la teorización de los elementos fundamentales, el estudio comparado y el análisis de la normativa cubana acerca de estas instituciones, a fin de la protección de los derechos fundamentales de los procesados y víctimas del delito y el respeto al debido proceso. Se utilizan como Métodos Científicos: Análisis, Síntesis e Inductivo-Deductivo, el Análisis Jurídico Comparado, el Histórico Jurídico, Exegético Jurídico y el Teórico Jurídico. Los resultados son: Sistematización teórica de los fundamentos y elementos conceptuales acerca de las inspecciones e intervenciones corporales, a partir de los argumentos de la doctrina internacional y nacional y Propuesta pautas normativas en relación a la modificación de la Ley de Procedimiento Penal cubana con respecto a las inspecciones e intervenciones corporales, con la finalidad de reconocer derechos, garantías en el proceso penal, teniendo en cuenta el análisis exegético de las normas adjetivas penales en cuestión.
Dependência Municipal das Transferências Intergovernamentais e Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico: Uma Análise dos Municípios da Região da Grande Fortaleza - Ceará
Authors: Lima Rebeca da Silva , Callado Sandra Maria Guimarães , Lima Alexandre Oliveira , Santos Ruan Carlos dos
Published: October 2022

O objetivo do trabalho consiste em verificar a dependência das transferências constitucionais entre os municípios da Região da Grande Fortaleza e observar sua relação com o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do périodo de 2011 a 2013.. O processo metodológico utilizado tem abordagem de natureza descritiva e análise essencialmente qualitativa e se utilizou a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Resultados apontam que os municípios analisados possuem alto grau de dependência das transferências constitucionais e baixa capacidade de arrecadação própria. Além disso, alguns municípios possuem elevada dependência das transferências constitucionais, outros apresentam dependência um pouco menor e melhor capacidade de arrecadação própria, reflexo da atividade econômica fortalecida pelas indústrias e serviços, e de uma melhor gestão fiscal e transparência, aliadas a melhores condições de infraestrutura.
Violação aos Direitos Indígenas
Authors: Oliveira Dias Marialice Antão de , Souza Dias Antonio Augusto
Published: October 2022

A crise de direitos humanos ocorrida não somente na América Latina, como também a nível mundial, reflete-se nos povos indígenas que situados nesses países, com os processos de discriminação, desapropriação, o neoliberalismo e a globalização econômica aos quais são submetidos.Estas circunstancias han condenado a estas comunidades al subdesarrollo ya una grave situación que pone en riesgo su existencia. Essas circunstâncias condenaram essas comunidades ao subdesenvolvimento e uma situação grave que ameaça a sua existência. En el presente artículo se hará unanálisis de la situación de los derechos de la población indígena en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo normativo del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos que se ha dado a nivel universal e interamericano. No presente artigo, será desenvolvida uma análise sobre a situação dos direitos dos povos indígenas em Rondônia, enfocando a aplicação legislativa dos direitos humanos e constitucionais.
Bádat, vystavovat a chránit archivy lidských myslí: Inspirace ze setkání s Mariou Buko
Authors: Šabek Jiří
Published: October 2022

The article is a report from a meeting of the Center for the Presentation of Cultural Heritage representative with the Polish historian and sociologist Maria Buko, the former head of the Oral History Archive at the Warsaw History Meeting House. The text presents the history and present of the oral history research in Poland, the activities of the History Meeting House as well as the activities and collections of the Archive of Oral History. In addition, the topic of current politics of history in Poland is being discussed. Finally, Maria Buko’s recently released book Pogłosa is presented.
Zpráva z konference Muzeum pro návštěvníky IV: Virtuální komunikace (nejen) v době koronavirové
Authors: Bližňáková Magdalena
Published: October 2022

The report deals with a two-day conference organized by Centre for the Presentation of Cultural Heritage of the National Museum, which focused on educational, presentation and marketing strategies of Czech and Slovak museums and galleries during the coronavirus pandemic. It briefly introduces the content of the contributions and their most important topics.
Paměti z karantény
Authors: Krsek Martin
Published: October 2022

The Ústí nad Labem Municipal Museum‘s “Memoirs from Quarantine” campaign aimed to reach and engage seniors during the pandemic lockdown period in 2020. The campaign attracted great interest in the region as well as outside the borders of the Czech Republic and managed to enrich the museum‘s collections with valuable documentary material on everyday history and experiencing major historical events of the 20th century in the traditionally ethnically heterogenous Ústí nad Labem region.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN BIOKIMIA GIZI BALITA DAN PENGENALAN KOMBUCHA BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria ternatea L) TERHADAP ORANG TUA BALITA DALAM MENINGKATKAN IMUNITAS
Authors: Nurullah Asep Abdilah  , Mu’jijah  , Firman Rezaldi  , Aris Ma’ruf  , Endang Safitri  , M. Fariz Fadillah
Published: October 2022

Zat gizi menjadi salah satu faktor dalam meningkatkan sistem imunitas (imunonutrisi). Penelitian yang telah dilakukan adalah penelitian secara deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode single case riset. Penelitian ini di lakukan di Posyandu Wilayah Kota Cilegon dalam waktu 2 bulan, terhadap  39 responden anak usia 6 sampai 24 bulan. Variabel yang diamati adalah asupan karbohidrat, lemak, protein, buah, sayur, Mpasi, ASI, dan Kombucha Bunga Telang bagi Orang Tua Balita. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa 98.5% balita telah diberikan asupan zat gizi berupa karbohidrat berupa nasi, 3.8% diberikan karbohidrat jenis lainnya. 82.7% balita memperoleh lemak yang berasal dari minyak goreng 18.09% berasal dari mentega serta 12.09% belum memperoleh lemak tambahan 98.5% balita telah mengkonsumsi protein hewani dan nabati. Sedangkan 1.5% belum mengkonsumsi buah dan sayur. 86.8% balita telah mengkonsumsi ASI secara ekslusif dan 24.2% telah mengkonsumsi ASI yang dikombinasikan dengan susu formula. Sebanyak 29.1% telah mengkonsumsi bubur instan dan 70,9% balita telah mengkonsumsi zat gizi berupa asi buatan. 97% orang tua balita belum mengetahui kombucha bunga telang dan sebanyak 3% telah mengetahui kombucha bunga telang.
LECTURER PRACTICES ON CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK IN ENHANCING STUDENTS’ WRITING ACCURACY (A Descriptive Study to the 3rd Semester Students Of English Study Program At IKIP PGRI Pontianak)
Authors: Apriani Vidia , Ikhsanudin Ikhsanudin , Sada Clarry
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Corrective Feedback has been the center of attention among language researchers and education experts. The purpose of this study is to find out the types of Corrective Feedback that the lecturer used to correcting the students’ writing errors. This study was designed in qualitative form. In this study, the participants were two English lecturers and the third-year semester students. These participants were interviewed about their preference of corrective feedback and how they applied corrective feedback in the teaching of writing in their class. In order to obtain the data, the researcher used interview and document analysis. To enrich the findings in this study, the researcher collected the answer sheets from 26 students in two interval periods. The results of the study revealed that grammar was the most corrected elements in writing, with the percentage of 49.25%, followed by vocabulary by 22.39% and organization and mechanic by 19.40% and 8.96%. These figures were consistent with the interview results where the lecturers stated that grammar is their focus for corrective feedback. This study also revealed that corrective feedback is something that the students expected from their lecturers.
IMPROVING STUDENT’S SPEAKING LEARNING PROCESS THROUGH ROUND ROBIN TECHNIQUE
Authors: Firmansyah Arifa'i Hadi
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT This research is a classroom action research. It is aimed to find out how well Round Robin Technique in improving students’ speaking learning process method to solve the problems faced by the students. This research conducted at the Tenth Grade Students of SMAIT Al Fityan. Through observation checklist and field note, the students’ action was observed and reflected in each cycle. From the process of this study, the finding shows that there were good impacts toward students’ speaking. Most of students were interested and enthusiastic in the teaching and learning process. Based on the observation in the implementation of Round Robin technique, it showed that encouraging students to be active in sharing their ideas through Round Robin technique was able to improve students’ ability in speaking. In addition, this technique also helped the students to enlarge their vocabulary by opening dictionary, discussing together with group or asking to the teacher. The result of this research showed that the students’ activeness in participation of each cycle has improved during their discussion and performance of speaking learning process. Therefore, Round Robin Technique could help the teacher in teaching and learning process because this method encouraged students to learn actively.  Keywords: Speaking, Round Robing Technique, Classroom Action Research
IMPROVING THE STUDENT’S SPEAKING SKILL USING ROLE PLAY AT X CULINARY 1 CLASS OF SMKN 8 SURABAYA
Authors: Seputra Gebi Darma
Published: October 2022

This study is about the use of role play to improve students’ speaking ability in the case of the X Culinary 1 Class of SMKN 8 Surabaya. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the use of Role Play to improve the students’ speaking ability.The object of this study was the X Culinary 1 Class of SMKN 8 Surabaya. Total of 36 students from the X Culinary 1 Class of SMKN 8 Surabaya were involved in this study. I used questionnaires to collect the necessary data. The data were in the form of questions, from which the data analysis was done. In conducting the research, I observed the students’ activities in the role play.From the observation, it was found out that with the use of role play students were more encouraged to speak English, they more often spoke in English, were able to give feedback to other speakers, and used their vocabulary more in order to make their speaking alive.The result of the analysis showed that students spoke more bravely and fluently than before while using role play. I suggested some ways to teach speaking using role play; the teacher should recognize the students’ experience to make a more simple activity because if they have ever had such a situation they could do the activity easily. The teacher should guide the students to do role play and how to do it well. The teacher should make the students understand the situation in details to give good performance, and if the treatment has done in a long time, it will get a better result.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) Bermuatan Etnomatematika Dalam Alat-Alat Pertanian Tradisional Suku Dayak
Authors: Sandra Mira , Fadillah Syarifah , Hodiyanto Hodiyanto
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) Bermuatan Etnomatematika Dalam Alat-Alat Pertanian Tradisional Suku Dayak Pada Materi Bangun Datar Di Kelas VII A SMP Negeri 01 Ngabang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan model 4D, yaitu: Define, Design, Devalopment, dan dissiminate. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik komunikasi tidak langsung dan teknik pengukuran, sedangkan alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan, yaitu: lembar validasi, angket (angket respon guru dan siswa) dan tes. Subjek ujicoba dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 01 Ngabang,  sebanyak 30 siswa. Penelitian ini menghasilkan tingkat kevalidan sebesar 94% dengan kategori sangat valid, tingkat kepraktisan sebesar 94,856% dengan kategori sangat praktis dan tingkat keefektifan sebesar 82,609% dengan kategori sangat efektif. Kata Kunci:         Lembar Kerja Siswa, Etnomatematika, Bangun Datar
Particle Accelerations in a 2.5-dimensional Reconnecting Current Sheet in Turbulence
Authors: Li Yan , Ni Lei , Ye Jing , Mei Zhixing , Lin Jun
Published: October 2022

Electric field induced in magnetic reconnection is an efficient mechanism for generating energetic particles, but the detailed role it plays is still an open question in solar flares. In this work, accelerations of particles in an evolving reconnecting current sheet are investigated via the test-particle approach, and the electromagnetic field is taken in a self-consistent fashion from a 2.5D numerical experiment for the magnetic reconnection process in the corona. The plasma instabilities like the tearing mode in the current sheet produce magnetic islands in the sheet, and island merging occurs as well. For the motion of the magnetic island, it yields the occurrence of the opposite electric field at both endpoints of the island; hence, tracking the accelerated particles around magnetic islands suggests that the parallel acceleration does not apparently impact the energy gain of particles, but the perpendicular acceleration does. Furthermore, our results indicate that the impact of the guide field on the trajectory of accelerated particles in a more realistic electromagnetic configuration works only on those particles that are energetic enough. The energy spectra of both species show a single power-law shape. The higher-energy component of the power-law spectrum results from the particles that are trapped in the current sheet, while the escaped and partly trapped particles contribute to the lower-energy component of the spectrum. The evolution of the spectrum shows a soft-hard-soft pattern that has been observed in flares.
Probing the Density Fine Structuring of the Solar Corona with Comet Lovejoy
Authors: Nisticò Giuseppe , Zimbardo Gaetano , Perri Silvia , Nakariakov Valery M. , Duckenfield Timothy J. , Druckmüller Miloslav
Published: October 2022

The passage of sungrazing comets in the solar corona can be a powerful tool to probe the local plasma properties. Here, we carry out a study of the striae pattern appearing in the tail of sungrazing Comet Lovejoy, as observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) during the inbound and outbound phases of the comet’s orbit. We consider the images in EUV in the 171 Å bandpass, where emission from oxygen ions O4+ and O5+ is found. The striae are described as due to a beam of ions injected along the local magnetic field, with the initial beam velocity decaying because of collisions. Also, ion collisional diffusion contributes to ion propagation. Both the collision time for velocity decay and the diffusion coefficient for spatial spreading depend on the ambient plasma density. A probabilistic description of the ion beam density along the magnetic field is developed, where the beam position is given by the velocity decay and the spreading of diffusing ions is described by a Gaussian probability distribution. Profiles of emission intensity along the magnetic field are computed and compared with the profiles along the striae observed by AIA, showing a good agreement for most considered striae. The inferred coronal densities are then compared with a hydrostatic model of the solar corona. The results confirm that the coronal density is strongly spatially structured.
HST Strong-lensing Model for the First JWST Galaxy Cluster SMACS J0723.3−7327
Authors: Golubchik Miriam , Furtak Lukas J. , Meena Ashish K. , Zitrin Adi
Published: October 2022

On 2022 July 8, NASA shared (https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-shares-list-of-cosmic-targets-for-webb-telescope-s-first-images) the list of five public showcase targets that have been observed with the new James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and whose data—at the time of writing—are expected to be released to the public around Tuesday, July 12. One of these targets is the galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3−7327 (z = 0.39), which acts as a gravitational lens and was recently imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the framework of the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS). To facilitate studies by the community with the upcoming JWST data, we publish here a strong-lensing model for SMACS J0723.3−7327—including mass density and magnification maps. We identify five multiple-image families in the HST imaging. For three of them, system membership and redshift are secured by public spectroscopic data. For the remaining two systems, we rely on robust photometric redshift estimates. We use the Light-Traces-Mass lens modeling method, which complements the parametric models already available in the RELICS repository and elsewhere and thus helps span a representative range of solutions. The new model published here can be accessed on the RELICS website at MAST. It will be interesting to examine which properties of the mass models change and improve, and by how much, when the JWST data are incorporated.
Ocelot, Leopardus pardalis (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae), home range in the Lowland Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Magalhães Laura Martins , Srbek-Araujo Ana Carolina
Published: October 2022

The ocelot is an important Neotropical mesopredator and information on its spatial ecology remains scarce. Here we estimated the ocelot home range in a remnant of Lowland Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. The data were collected by camera traps installed at eight known ocelot latrines. We estimated the home range both based on the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) and the 95% adaptive Kernel density estimator (95%K) to compare with other published studies. We identified 22 ocelots (adult males = 8; adult females = 12; cubs = 2). Six males were recorded at more than one latrine, while all females were recorded at only one sampling point. In addition to male ocelots being recorded at a large number of points, they showed greater intrasexual spatial overlap as they used the same latrines, suggesting larger home ranges than females. The mean home range size for males was 12.1 ± SE 4.4 km2(range = 6.2 to 20.8 km2) using MCP, and 19.9 ± SE 9.5 km2(range = 10.1 to 38.9 km2) applying 95%K. Despite our estimates representing an approximation of the total area used by males, both values are consistent with those reported from other locations. Our data complemented the gradient of vegetation type sampled for ocelots in Atlantic Forest and support the suggestion that this environmental variable and, consequently, its effect on prey availability, influence the home range size of ocelot. Information on population ecology and other spatial ecology data are also presented.
A discrete-time dual risk model with dependence based on a Poisson INAR(1) process
Authors: Guan Lihong , Wang Xiaohong
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we consider an extension of the classical discrete-time dual risk model, in which the first-order integer-valued autoregressive (INAR(1)) process with Poisson distributed innovations is utilized to fit the temporal dependence between the number of gains for each period. We derive the explicit expression for a function that allows us to find the Lundberg adjustment coefficient and obtain the Lundberg approximation formula for ruin probability. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate our main results.
Modelling and analysis of fractional-order vaccination model for control of COVID-19 outbreak using real data
Authors: Joshi Hardik , Kumar Jha Brajesh , Yavuz Mehmet
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we construct the SV1V2EIR model to reveal the impact of two-dose vaccination on COVID-19 by using Caputo fractional derivative. The feasibility region of the proposed model and equilibrium points is derived. The basic reproduction number of the model is derived by using the next-generation matrix method. The local and global stability analysis is performed for both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium states. The present model is validated using real data reported for COVID-19 cumulative cases for the Republic of India from 1 January 2022 to 30 April 2022. Next, we conduct the sensitivity analysis to examine the effects of model parameters that affect the basic reproduction number. The Laplace Adomian decomposition method (LADM) is implemented to obtain an approximate solution. Finally, the graphical results are presented to examine the impact of the first dose of vaccine, the second dose of vaccine, disease transmission rate, and Caputo fractional derivatives to support our theoretical results.
HUMAN FACTOR AND AUTOMATION: A STPA APPROACH TO ENHANCE SHIP SAFETY
Authors: Gualeni P , Bongermino C
Published: October 2022

Ships complexity is continuously increasing and lots of action controls, traditionally carried out by crew members, are now managed and executed by the on-board automation systems. The relation among humans and automation system shall be studied with specific attention to their mutual interface and interaction issues, in order to better pursue safety. The STAMP (System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes)-based tool named STPA (System Theoretic Process Analysis) consists the following steps: identify system hazards; draw functional control structure; identify unsafe control actions (UCAs); identify accident scenarios; formulate decisions and recommendations. In this paper an approach to model the relations among human operator and automation, based on STPA, will be proposed. An application case will be developed considering a large passenger ship and the specific hazard of dead ship condition (energy black-out). In case of navigation close to the shore and heavy weather condition, this situation can rapidly evolve into a ship loss.
PERCEPTIONS OF THE WEST AND THE EAST AND NATIONAL CULTURE ON THE HUMAN
FACTORS
Authors: Kwon Y
Published: October 2022

Researches and discussions on the human factors are worth for better safety of, in particular, transportation industries. In fact, it may deserve more attention as the modern industries look for AI or autonomous operation in the near future. Meanwhile, it has also been anticipated that such researches and discussions are rather one way along the technical and engineering approaches. Safety, being also an issue of cultural scrutiny, this paper tries to show the importance of perception of the thoughts between the east and the west, then the role of national culture referring relevant researches appeared recently.
Market Size and Spatial Growth—Evidence From Germany's Post‐War Population Expulsions
Authors: Peters Michael
Published: October 2022

Virtually all theories of economic growth predict a positive relationship between population size and productivity. In this paper, I study a particular historical episode to provide direct evidence for the empirical relevance of such scale effects. In the aftermath of the Second World War, 8 million ethnic Germans were expelled from their domiciles in Eastern Europe and transferred to West Germany. This inflow increased the German population by almost 20%. Using variation across counties, I show that the settlement of refugees had large and persistent effects on the size of the local population, manufacturing employment, and income per capita. These findings are quantitatively consistent with an idea‐based model of spatial growth if population mobility is subject to frictions and productivity spillovers occur locally. The estimated model implies that the refugee settlement increased aggregate income per capita by about 12% after 25 years and triggered a process of industrialization in rural areas.
(S)Cars and the Great Recession
Authors: Attanasio Orazio , Larkin Kieran , Ravn Morten O. , Padula Mario
Published: October 2022

United States households' consumption expenditures and car purchases collapsed during the Great Recession and more so than income changes would have predicted. Using CEX data, we show that both the extensive and the intensive car spending margins contracted sharply in the Great Recession. We also document significant cross‐cohort differences in the impact of the Great Recession including a stronger reduction in car spending by younger cohorts. We draw inference on the sources of the Great Recession by investigating which shocks can explain household choices in a 60 period life‐cycle model with idiosyncratic and aggregate shocks fitted to aggregate and life‐cycle moments. We find that the Great Recession was caused by a combination of large aggregate income and wealth shocks, while cross‐cohort adjustment patterns imply a role for life‐cycle income profile shocks. We also find a role for car loan premia shocks in accounting for car spending and car loans.
Le fromage et les produits laitiers dans l’Italie préromaine
Authors: Hugot Laurent
Published: October 2022

Les recherches sur le fromage et les produits laitiers dans l’Italie préromaine sont peu nombreuses. Il est pourtant incontestable que les produits laitiers composaient une part importante de l’alimentation des habitants de la péninsule italienne avant l’époque romaine. L’importance accordée au lait est d’ailleurs confirmée par l’existence d’une documentation iconographique qui prouve un attachement aux aspects symboliques liés à l’allaitement humain et animal. Ce sujet d’étude est donc prometteur : les sources existent, mais elles n’ont pas été systématiquement collectées. En l’absence de texte sur le sujet, il faut analyser un corpus constitué de témoignages iconographiques et archéologiques. Dans cet article, nous présentons un état des lieux des sources qui embrasse l’ensemble de la chaîne de production des produits laitiers, et qui s’intéresse aussi aux pratiques alimentaires.
Reste-t-il une place pour le fromage dans les sources textuelles byzantines ?
Authors: Limousin Éric
Published: October 2022

La pauvreté des sources n’empêche pas de dresser une liste des usages du fromage dans l’alimentation monastique, dans les traités médicaux et dans les traités agronomiques. On y trouve des descriptions très attendues et peu surprenantes, descriptions faites de réemplois de textes monastiques et de textes antiques. Étonnamment, les descriptions les plus en prise avec la réalité des usages du fromage se trouvent dans la littérature byzantine. La littérature et particulièrement l’épistolographie (Michel Psellos) montre une évolution des modes alimentaires. La consommation de fromage fait partie des habitudes alimentaires de l’aristocratie de Constantinople et du mode vie constantinopolitain dont la production littéraire des xie-xiie siècle se fait l’écho.
Lait de femme ou rien : l’alimentation lactée des nourrissons grecs et romains
Authors: Jaeggi-Richoz Sandra
Published: October 2022

Malgré les travaux, aujourd’hui nombreux et pluridisciplinaires, portant sur la santé et l’alimentation de l’enfant dans l’Antiquité, sa consommation d’un lait autre que celui de sa mère ou d’une nourrice apparaît souvent comme une évidence qui repose davantage sur les pratiques modernes que sur les témoignages des Anciens (textes, artefacts, images). L’arrivée des laits en poudre, pasteurisés et concentrés, mis au point depuis la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, serait à l’origine de cette erreur. En effet, l’administration de lait à des enfants est très rarement mentionnée dans les traités médicaux anciens et, lorsque c’est le cas, la dose semble plutôt homéopathique et ponctuelle. Les différents spécialistes de l’enfant dans l’Antiquité s’appuient sur le mythe et proposent de voir l’allaitement de Zeus par la chèvre Amalthée comme un modèle aux allaitements de substitutions. Comment dès lors considérer les allaitements mythiques par une biche, la louve romaine ou encore des colombes ? Il était donc urgent de reprendre ce dossier en considérant l’ensemble des sources écrites anciennes et en les confrontant aux résultats des analyses isotopiques – capables aujourd’hui de mettre en évidence l’alimentation et le sevrage des enfants – et des analyses biochimiques révélatrices du contenu des vases biberons antiques.
Usages du lait de vache en Égypte ancienne. Essai de synthèse et perspectives de recherche
Authors: Cassier Charlène
Published: October 2022

Cette contribution propose une synthèse des usages du lait de vache en Égypte ancienne et traite de la production, de la transformation et des manières de consommer ce liquide. Elle s’appuie sur une analyse critique des sources iconographiques, textuelles et archéologiques, datant principalement du Nouvel Empire. La question des produits laitiers et de leur nature fait partie des points abordés. Il s’agit de mettre en exergue quelques éléments relatifs aux exploitations agricoles et à la distribution, voire redistribution, du lait de vache, dans la perspective de recherches plus approfondies.
Prenatal Healthcare Framework Using IoMT Data Analytics
Authors: Pandey Rajiv , Pandey Agnivesh , Maurya Pratibha , Singh Guru Dev
Published: October 2022

In recent years, as hospitals utilize the internet of medical things (IoMT) for medical applications, edge computing has played an important role in distant healthcare systems. Human life has gotten smarter in the era of pervasive computing, thanks to the newest breakthroughs in IoMT, wearable sensors, and communication technologies to give smart healthcare services. IoMT can completely transform the healthcare business. IoMT uses software and information and communication technology (ICT) to connect wearable sensors, patients, healthcare professionals, and carers. Patients are given extensive supportive information to help them get through their recoveries. In this chapter, the authors aim to propose an IoMT-based healthcare framework called prenatal healthcare system of remote mother and fetal surveillance through IoMT. The data collected through the IoMT devices will be transmitted to server and will be analyzed through AI/ML module. On the signal of any abnormality, the central system will alarm attending doctors about the individual mother and fetus to take necessary action.
Li-Ion-Based DC UPS for Remote Application
Authors: Kok Chiang Liang , Setyadi Yansen
Published: October 2022

A DC UPS has been widely used over the years as backup power for devices that need uninterruptable power. Especially in rural regions or areas that are prone to have power outages, a DC UPS has become an essential device to power up important IoT systems such as data servers, workstations, or any system heavily reliant on uninterruptable power whenever a power from the grid is missing. Typically, this device is heavy and takes a lot of space. Furthermore, the battery needs to be replaced once every two years, making it very costly for maintenance. This chapter will discuss the method of replacing the highly inefficient battery in a traditional UPS with highly efficient and low maintenance cost Li-ion batteries. This method could potentially increase the performance of a conventional ongoing IoT market device in terms of efficiency, size, weight, and backup power capacity.
Abstracts of Oral and Poster Presentations at the 81st Annual Academic Sessions of the Galle Medical Association on 13th & 14th October 2022 at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
Authors: Editors GMJ .
Published: October 2022

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The prevalence and associated risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes among adults in the Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Thayaparan M. , Kisokanth G. , Arulanandem K. , Sundaresan K. T. , Dayarathne D. A. R. K.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in Sri Lanka has gradually increased over the last few decades. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of pre-diabetes and diabetes among adults in randomly selected Divisional Secretariat divisions in Batticaloa district, Sri Lanka. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based descriptive study was conducted among 582 adults aged ≥ 18 years. A pre-tested and validated interviewer administrated questionnaire was used and a blood sample was obtained to assess the glycosylated hemoglobin level. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v 20. Results: Nearly 78% of them were females and mean age of the participants was 50.5 (SD±13.2) years. Pre-diabetes plus diabetes (HbA c ≥ 5.7%) was observed among 63% (95% CI = 33.0 to 41.0). The overall 1 prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes was 34.2% (95% CI = 30.3 to 38.2) and 28.9% (95% CI = 25.2 to 32.8) respectively. The mean BMI of the participants was significantly higher among pre-diabetes and diabetes category (dysglycaemia) when compared to the normal category (M = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.01 to 3.01, p = 0.001). Age ≥ 50 years (AOR = 5.88, 95% CI = 2.99 to 11.55), overweight/obesity (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.18 to 4.97), consumption of white rice (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.20 to 4.29), and family history of diabetes (AOR = 2.95, 95% CI = 1.51 to 5.77) were found to be the risk factors for dysglycaemia (HbA c of ≥ 5.7%) in the binary logistic 1 regression model. Conclusions and recommendations: The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes was high in the Batticaloa district. Promotion of health awareness on risk factors for pre-diabetes; weight reduction and healthy lifestyles are necessary. Furthermore, screening programs are needed to detect pre-diabetes and more of the undiagnosed diabetes cases.
Adult-onset Still’s disease with hepatomegaly
Authors: Devapriya S. , Abeysinghe H. H. K. , Athukorala I.
Published: October 2022

No abstract available
Domestic violence exposure and depression symptoms among adolescents in a rural area in the Galle District
Authors: Ponnamperuma T. T. , Kudagama V. C. D.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Violence in society and mental health problems associated with it are on the rise. Children and adolescents are the most vulnerable groups for this problem. Whether the child is a direct victim or a witness of a violent event, violence brings deleterious effect to his/her mental wellbeing. The present study, investigated the association between exposure to domestic violence and depression symptoms in adolescents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two large secondary schools in the Udugama medical officer of health (MOH) area. From grades 10 and 11, four classes were selected randomly from each school and all who were present on the day of data collection were enrolled for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess domestic violence exposures (CDEV- Scale) and depression symptoms (CESDC scale) in these children. Results: There were 346 children (females 52%), aged between 14 - 16 years. In the sample 25.1% (n=87) were exposed to domestic violence and among them, 31.5% met diagnostic criteria for depression. Depression was reported significantly more in the domestic violence exposed group than in the non-exposed group (c2=7.09; p<0.01). Depression symptoms significantly increased with the increased severity of domestic violence exposure (295) = -0.21, p<0.01. In the regression model, domestic violence exposure significantly predicted depression symptoms even after controlling for known confounders, age, gender, and socioeconomic status (β=0.13, p<0.01). Conclusions & recommendations: Exposure to domestic violence is common and it significantly associated with depression in adolescents in the group studied. This highlights the need for domestic violence prevention programs, and mental health intervention and a support system for adolescents in the country.
Knowledge and practice of prescription and administration of correct dose of paracetamol to children among a selected group of doctors and nurses
Authors: Wimalasiri B. S. M. , Jayasinghe S. S.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: In children, paracetamol is the most common agent involved in drug toxicity. Therefore, accurate prescription of paracetamol in healthcare facilities is important in paediatric patients. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and practice of doctors and nurses on administration of correct dose of paracetamol. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out recruiting doctors and nurses from paediatric units and Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) at Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, Galle. A self-administered pre-tested questionnaire and bed head tickets were used to collect data. Results: There were 100 participants in the study. Majority (98%) knew correct single therapeutic dose of paracetamol. Ninety three percent of them did not know the maximum daily dose of paracetamol for children. Statistically significant association was seen being a doctor (χ2 = 11.4, p = 0.004) and a doctor in ETU (χ2= 9.02, p = 0.009) on- the knowledge of maximum dose of paracetamol to a child/24 hours. Half of the participants (56%) knew the acute toxic single dose of paracetamol. There was a significant association between work experience in paediatric unit/ ETU with the knowledge of acute single toxic dose of paracetamol (χ2 = 14.8, p = 0.04). Almost all participants (99%) were aware that paracetamol dose calculation depends on the weight of the child. Eighty three percent of prescriptions for inward patients were prescribed with therapeutic doses. Conclusion: Even though paracetamol is a common drug there is a knowledge gap among nurses and doctors on prescription of paracetamol in the selected setting.
Influenza-Induced CD103+ T Resident Memory Cells Exhibit Enhanced Functional Avidity over CD103− Memory T Cells in the Mediastinal Lymph Node
Authors: Crooks Sequoia D , Varga Steven M , Harty John T
Published: October 2022

Influenza virus–specific tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (Trms) targeting conserved viral proteins provide strain-transcending heterosubtypic immunity to infection. Trms in the lung combat reinfection through rapid cytolytic function and production of inflammatory cytokines to recruit other immune cells. Influenza-specific Trms are also generated in the lung draining mediastinal lymph node (mLN) and can provide immunity to heterologous virus infection in this tissue, although their role in combating influenza infection is less well defined. Functional avidity, a measure of T cell sensitivity to Ag stimulation, correlates with control of viral infection and may be important for immune detection of recently infected cells, when low numbers of surface peptide–MHC complexes are displayed. However, the functional avidity of influenza-specific Trms has not been previously compared with that of other memory CD8 T cell subsets. In this article, a methodology is presented to compare the functional avidity of CD8 T cell subsets across murine tissues, with a focus on influenza-specific mLNs compared with splenic CD8 T cells, by stimulating both populations in the same well to account for CD8 T cell–extrinsic variables. The functional avidity of influenza-specific mLN effector CD8 T cells is slightly increased relative to splenic effector CD8 T cells. However, CD103+ mLN Trms display increased functional avidity compared with splenic memory CD8 T cells and CD103− memory CD8 T cells within the mLN. In contrast, lung-derived CD103+ Trms did not exhibit enhanced functional avidity. mLN CD103+ Trms also exhibit increased TCR expression, providing a potential mechanism for their enhanced functional avidity.