bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ignition by Hot Transient Jets in Confined Mixtures of Gaseous Fuels and Air
Authors: Karimi Abdullah , Nalim M. Razi
Published: March 2016

Ignition of a combustible mixture by a transient jet of hot reactive gas is important for safety of mines, prechamber ignition in IC engines, detonation initiation, and novel constant-volume combustors. The present work is a numerical study of the hot jet ignition process in a long constant-volume combustor (CVC) that represents a wave rotor channel. The hot jet of combustion products from a prechamber is injected through a converging nozzle into the main CVC chamber containing a premixed fuel-air mixture. Combustion in a two-dimensional analogue of the CVC chamber is modeled using a global reaction mechanism, a skeletal mechanism, or a detailed reaction mechanism for three hydrocarbon fuels: methane, propane, and ethylene. Turbulence is modeled using the two-equation SSTk-ωmodel, and each reaction rate is limited by the local turbulent mixing timescale. Hybrid turbulent-kinetic schemes using some skeletal reaction mechanisms and detailed mechanisms are good predictors of the experimental data. Shock wave traverse of the reaction zone is seen to significantly increase the overall reaction rate, likely due to compression heating, as well as baroclinic vorticity generation that stirs and mixes reactants and increases flame area. Less easily ignitable methane mixture is found to show slower initial reaction and greater dependence on shock interaction than propane and ethylene.
Neonatal Abdominal Hemangiomatosis: Propranolol beyond Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Nip Siu Ying Angel , Hon Kam Lun , Leung Wing Kwan Alex , Leung Alexander K. C. , Choi Paul C. L.
Published: March 2016

Hemangioma is the most common vascular tumor of infancy; presentation is often as cutaneous infantile hemangioma (IH). Cutaneous hemangioma is a clinical diagnosis. Most IHs follow a benign course, with complete involution without treatment in the majority of cases. Visceral hemangioma often involves the liver and manifests as a life-threatening disorder. Hepatic hemangiomas may be associated with high output cardiac failure, coagulopathy, and hepatomegaly which generally develop between 1 and 16 weeks of age. Mortality has been reportedly high without treatment. We report a rare case of a male infant with neonatal hemangiomatosis with diffuse peritoneal involvement, which mimicked a malignant-looking tumor on imaging, and discuss therapeutic options and efficacy. Propranolol is efficacious for IH but generally not useful for other forms of vascular hemangiomas, tumors, and malformations. In our case of neonatal peritoneal hemangiomatosis, propranolol appears to have halted the growth and possibly expedite the involution of the hemangiomatosis without other treatments.
Chemical Speciation of the System Cu(II)-Indomethacin in Ethanol and Water by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Authors: Rodríguez-Laguna Norma , Reyes-García Luis I. , Moya-Hernández Rosario , Rojas-Hernández Alberto , Gómez-Balderas Rodolfo
Published: March 2016

It has been proposed that the metal-drug complexes could be in fact the active agents displaying therapeutic effects of drugs. The characterization of the global formation equilibrium of complexes formed between metal ions and species with biological activity such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs provides essential information to understand the mechanism of action of drugs. Since equilibrium constants determine the relative predominance of species, they provide crucial information to identify what complexes are more likely to be present in the system being responsible for the therapeutic effects of the drug. In this paper, the systems formed between copper and Indomethacin of different concentrations in ethanol or water were studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The stoichiometry of the complexes Cu(II)–Indomethacin and their formation constants were investigated. Moreover, molecular structures of the Cu(II)–Indomethacin complexes were explored by means of the molecular modeling within the frame of the density functional theory.
Perceived Risk of HIV Infection and Associated Factors among Secondary School Students in Wakiso District, Uganda
Authors: Osingada Charles Peter , Nabasirye Caroline , Groves Sara , Ngabirano Tom Denis
Published: March 2016

Introduction. HIV/AIDS remain a major public health problem in Uganda and 4% of individuals aged between 15 and 24 years are living with HIV. Few studies have examined HIV risk perception among adolescents in Uganda.Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 379 secondary school students using multistage sampling techniques. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted.Results. One hundred ninety-one (49.6%) of the respondents perceived themselves to be at risk of contracting HIV, 174 (45.9%) had ever had sex, and 139 (80.4%) had first sexual encounter at 16 years or less. Only 49% of respondents who had sex within 12 months used a condom. Being older than 17 years, knowing someone who died of HIV, early sexual debut, and having ever had sex were associated with perceived risk of contracting HIV. After multivariate analysis, knowledge of someone who died of HIV (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 16, 95% CI 1.49–171.97) remained statistically significant.Conclusion. Many secondary school students perceived themselves to be at risk of contracting HIV; this perception is associated with knowing someone who died of HIV/AIDS. There is a need to strengthen HIV risk reduction interventions in Wakiso secondary schools.
High Penetration PV in Distribution Networks, Design and Control
Authors: Mohammadi Ashkan , Hosseini Hemati Saman
Published: March 2016

Global warming is a direct consequence of consumption of fossil fuels which emit greenhouse gasses as they produce energy. Solar energy is the most available energy throughout the world in which regardless of capital investment is free and most importantly clean and emission free and could be a solution for global warming along with other renewable sources of energy. But as photovoltaic energy is becoming widespread and penetration level of photovoltaic power plants increase, several issues rise in distribution networks. In this paper, a high penetration photovoltaic power plant is designed and issues associated with it are thoroughly discussed. Voltage rise and cloud passage effect are amongst the most challenging issues in design and implementation of a high penetration photovoltaic power plant in distribution networks. Transient effects of cloud passage could lead to unacceptably low voltage in Point of Common Coupling and maximum penetration level must be set according to these issues. An efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and a DC link voltage control scheme are also presented. Simulations have been done in Matlab/Simulink environment.
Semantic Similarity/Relatedness for Cross Language Plagiarism Detection
Authors: Ezzikouri Hanane , Erritali Mohammed , Oukessou Mohamed
Published: March 2016

Generally utterances in natural language are highly ambiguous, and a unique interpretation can usually be determined only by taking into account the context in the utterance occurred. Automatically determining the correct sense of a polysemous word is a complicated problem especially in multilingual corpuses. This paper presents an application programming interface for several Semantic Relatedness/Similarity metrics measuring semantic  similarity/distance  between multilingual words  and  concepts, in order to use it after for sentences and paragraphs in Cross Language Plagiarism Detection (CLPD); using WordNet for the English-French and English-Arabic multilingual plagiarism cases.
Late-Holocene gallery forest retrogression in the Venezuelan Guayana: New data and implications for the conservation of a cultural landscape
Authors: Leal Alejandra , Bilbao Bibiana , Berrio Juan Carlos , Behling Hermann , Montoya José Vicente , Méndez Carlos
Published: March 2016

Fire is considered a major threat to forest conservation in the Neotropics. Palaeoecological studies are critical for understanding the long-term interactions of climate, fire, and human activities in the savanna–forest dynamic. Here, new data from palynological analyses conducted in sedimentary records from the northern edge of the Amazon Basin, the Gran Sabana, southeast of Canaima National Park (CNP) are presented. Four radiocarbon ages from Quebrada Kowana (QK) and two for Ariwe Fernland (AF) records showed that both are late-Holocene age (with extrapolated basal ages of 3100 and 3400 cal. yr BP, respectively). Both showed the occurrence of gallery forest until 1800 (QK) and 1600 (AF) cal. yr BP, with forest taxa reaching 60% and 40% of the terrestrial pollen sum, respectively. The main forest taxa were Celastraceae, Moraceae/Urticaceae, Schefflera, Protium, and Mahurea (QK) and Dimorphandra, Protium, Schefflera, Tachigali, and Blepharandra (AF). Savanna herbs (mainly Poaceae) reached 40–50% (QK) and 60% (AF). The high abundance of savanna herbs together with the low occurrence of mature forest taxa, and high abundance of pioneer taxa, suggests that the former forests comprised very open and disturbed forest-belts, surrounded by savannas. Since 1800 (QK) and 1600 (AF) cal. yr BP, forest taxa dropped to 10% and 5%, respectively, suggesting the substitution of forests by herbaceous communities. The high abundance of charcoal recorded from the beginning of the records to about 1800–1600 cal. yr BP suggests that recurrent fires spreading from neighboring savannas were reaching the former forest, causing compositional changes and triggering forest reduction. Fires were very likely human-made, but highly controlled by climate. Hence, forest substitution happened when a combination of local fires and droughts was given in every record. Results agree with those from other localities in the CNP in confirming the occurrence of regional-scale gallery forest degradation during the late Holocene.
Holocene oscillations of Southwest Atlantic shelf circulation based on planktonic foraminifera from an upwelling system (off Cabo Frio, Southeastern Brazil)
Authors: Lessa Douglas VO , Venancio Igor M , dos Santos Thiago P , Belem André L , Turcq Bruno J , Sifeddine Abdelfetah , Albuquerque Ana Luiza S
Published: March 2016

The Brazil Current (BC) is a relevant feature in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Its behavior during slowdown or intense AMOC remains poorly known because of the lack of paleoceanographic records, especially for the Holocene. Here, we investigate changes in a western boundary upwelling system (Cabo Frio, off Southeastern Brazil) which are driven by variations in the BC and NE winds during the last 9 kyr. To assess the variability of the BC, we used δ18O, Mg/Ca, and assemblages of planktonic foraminifera. Our results indicate five oceanographic phases during the last 9 kyr. During Phase I (from 9.0 to 7.0 cal kyr BP), the BC diverged offshore from the modern upwelling area because of the low sea level, increasing the influence of shelf waters and coastal upwelling plumes on foraminifera assemblages. Phase II (7.0–5.0 kyr BP) was marked by the approach of the internal front of the BC with low intensity and episodes of strong productivity that were linked primarily to the upwelling of the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) and/or Subpolar Shelf Waters (SPSWs) (cold). Phase III (5.0–3.5 kyr BP) was a transition, marking a large oceanographic and climatic change from the weakening of the AMOC. The internal front of the BC became warm and subsurface SACW upwelling was stronger. In Phase IV (3.5–2.5 kyr BP), the BC acquired its modern dynamics, but weak NE winds weakened the SACW’s contribution to upwelling events. Finally, in Phase V (last 2.5 kyr BP), the NE winds reintensified, promoting frequent episodes of upwelling and intrusion by SPSWs during the Medieval Climate Anomaly.
The expansion of Central and Northern European Neolithic populations was associated with a multi-century warm winter and wetter climate
Authors: Sánchez Goñi María Fernanda , Ortu Elena , Banks William E , Giraudeau Jacques , Leroyer Chantal , Hanquiez Vincent
Published: March 2016

It is still debated whether climate changes had an impact on the emergence, spread, and disappearance of early production-based (Neolithic) adaptations. To date, and despite the incorporation of various paleoclimatic proxies, there exists no spatial reconstruction of the regional impact of the North Atlantic cooling events on Central–Western European climate and environments during the early Holocene. In order to address these two issues, we estimated seasonal and annual temperature and precipitation from a marine pollen record from Trondheimsfjord (central Norway) along with 68 pollen records distributed across Central–Western Europe for the time period associated with the Linearbandkeramik (LBK) cultural tradition, 7600–6900 yr cal. BP. Two distinct vegetation-derived rapid, <100 years, climate changes, contemporaneous with reduced warm Atlantic water (AW) inflow and winter storminess in the northern North Atlantic, bracket the expansion of the LBK. The geographic expansion of LBK populations appears to coincide with winter warming by ca. 2.5°C on average, and an increase in summer and winter precipitation, while its decline is associated with decreases in winter temperature, by ~1.5°C on average, and summer rainfall. Our results confirm that LBK subsistence practices were well-adapted to wet and relatively warm winters and cool summers, which are favorable to some cultigens, such as einkorn. This is in contrast to the hypothesis that cooler and wetter climatic conditions would induce increased instability of agricultural communities leading to the decline of LBK populations.
Coastal science for post-tsunami reconstruction
Authors: Knight Jasper , Goff James R
Published: March 2016

Different political, economic, social and environmental factors are considered in plans for coastline reconstruction following tsunami events. These competing factors inevitably result in a compromise being made with respect to reconstruction policy and practice. Coastline reconstruction may also be constrained by availability of technology, speed of action or decision-making, local political expediency, and external influences such as disaster relief policy and the roles of NGOs. In some cases, it could be argued that such compromises result in inappropriate actions or decisions being taken that do not always consider the dynamics of coastal processes. An outcome is that expensive geoengineering structures may hinder long-term coastline recovery, and may result in future increased coastline vulnerability. Here, based on examples of the 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Tōhoku-oki tsunamis, we argue that inappropriate reconstruction after such events may have serious long-term negative effects that can contribute to increased future risk for inhabitants of tsunami-prone coastlines.
Pretreatment of serum samples to reduce interference of colostrum-derived specific antibodies with detection of Bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen by ELISA in young calves
Authors: Lanyon Sasha R. , Reichel Michael P.
Published: March 2016

Antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used for the detection of Bovine viral diarrhea virus persistently infected (BVDV PI) cattle; however, colostrum-derived antibodies may interfere with antigen detection in serum from young PI calves. Our study aimed to assess serum pretreatment methods for reducing such interference. Dilution of PI serum with serum containing specific antibody showed that antibody levels equivalent to those observed in colostrum-fed calves were able to eliminate all antigen signals in a serum sample. Serum was treated with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid at pH 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5, then boiled, centrifuged, and the supernatant-recovered. BVDV antibody was undetectable by ELISA in supernatants from treated samples, and the antigen ELISA signal was improved. Maximum antigen signal recovery of >90% was achieved at pH 5 ± 0.5. When this optimal treatment method was applied to field samples from 3 PI calves (which were negative in the antigen-capture ELISA without treatment), the antigen signal improved and gave a positive result in each case. Pretreatment may provide an improvement in the detection of young PI calves.
Expression of p53 protein, Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus matrix protein, and surfactant protein in the lungs of sheep with pulmonary adenomatosis
Authors: İlhan Fatma , Vural Sevil A. , Yıldırım Serkan , Sözdutmaz İbrahim , Alcigir Mehmet E.
Published: March 2016

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a naturally occurring cancer in sheep that is caused by the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). Because the pathologic and epidemiologic features of OPA are similar to those of bronchoalveolar carcinoma in humans, OPA is considered a useful animal model for pulmonary carcinogenesis. In this study, 3,512 lungs from various breeds of sheep were collected and macroscopically examined. OPA was identified in 30 sheep, and samples of these animals were further examined by histologic, immunohistochemical (p53 protein, surfactant protein A [SP-A], proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], JSRV matrix protein [MA]), and PCR methods. Papillary or acinar adenocarcinomas were detected microscopically in the affected areas. Immunoreactivity for p53 PAb240 was detected in 13 sheep, whereas p53 DO-1 was not detected in any of the OPA animals. PCNA immunoreactivity was recorded in 27 animals. SP-A and JSRV MA protein was immunopositive in all 30. JSRV proviral DNA was detected by PCR analysis in all of the lung samples collected from OPA animals. In addition, the pulmonary SP-A levels were increased in tumor cells. The results of this study suggest that PCNA and p53 protein expression may be useful indicators in monitoring malignancy of pulmonary tumors.
Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter trogontum: infectious causes of abortion in sheep
Authors: Gill John , Haydon Taryrn G. , Rawdon Thomas G. , McFadden Andrew M. J. , Ha Hye-Jeong , Shen Zeli , Feng Yan , Pang Jassia , Swennes Alton G. , Paster Bruce J. , Dewhirst Floyd E. , Fox James G. , Spence Richard P.
Published: March 2016

The aim of our study was to determine the association of Helicobacter spp. that had flexispira morphology with ovine abortion, and to understand the importance of these organisms as a cause of ovine abortion in New Zealand. A retrospective diagnostic survey was carried out on laboratory submissions from ovine abortion outbreaks. A comparison was made of the proportion of laboratory submissions where Helicobacter spp. were detected from flocks that had no other agent identified (group A) with a group that had a known cause of abortion identified (group B). This latter group was considered to be a negative control, given the premise that Helicobacter spp. were not causing abortions and that Helicobacter spp. should be present at a lower rate in the group. Where no diagnosis had been made, aborted material was positive for Helicobacter spp. with flexispira morphology in 8 submissions (20%, 8/40) from 5 of the 31 survey farms (16%, 5/31). Helicobacter spp. were not detected in any of the 18 submissions from the 17 control farms (group B). Helicobacter spp. were confirmed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of 3 of the Helicobacter spp. isolated by culture from the livers of aborted sheep fetuses, and 7 of the 8 where samples were positive in a Helicobacter PCR assay. The Helicobacter spp. were identified as Helicobacter trogontum ( Flexispira taxon 5 genotype) and Helicobacter bilis ( Flexispira taxon 8 genotype). The findings support Helicobacter spp. being a probable causative agent of ovine abortions in New Zealand.
The use of native fluorescence analysis of synovial fluid in the diagnosis of medial compartment disease in medium- and large-breed dogs
Authors: Bilská Kamila , Šteffeková Zuzana , Birková Anna , Mareková Mária , Ledecký Valent , Hluchý Marián , Kisková Terézia
Published: March 2016

We assumed that proteins are most likely responsible for synovial fluid fluorescence and that changes detected in fluorescence intensity are most likely the result of changes in the concentration of fluorescent proteins. Synchronous fluorescent matrices from synovial fluid samples were measured in the excitation wavelength range of 200–350 nm using a luminescence spectrophotometer. The synchronous matrix of synovial fluid consists of 2 dominant fluorescent centers (F1 and F2) in the ultraviolet region. The fluorescence intensities of both centers were significantly higher in pathological samples, with p = 0.001 (a 59% increase of the median value) for the F1 center and p = 0.002 (a 52% increase of the median value) for the F2 center. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed that synovial fluid autofluorescence is a significant predictor of medial compartment disease in dogs, with the area under the curve at 0.776 (F1) and 0.778 (F2). We did not detect any differences in the autofluorescence of synovial fluid between male and female, or any breed-based changes. No position changes of fluorescent centers were recorded in the synovial fluid in diseased dogs compared with healthy dogs. The synovial fluid metabolic fingerprint of canine patients with medial compartment disease differed from that of healthy dogs. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of synovial fluid fingerprinting to identify disease-specific profiles of synovial fluid metabolites.
Systemic Trichosporon loubieri infection in a cat
Authors: Rissi Daniel R. , Kirby Kerry D. , Sanchez Susan
Published: March 2016

Our study describes a case of systemic Trichosporon loubieri infection in a cat with acute dyspnea, anorexia, and aggressiveness. Physical examination revealed multiple ulcerative cutaneous lesions on the abdomen, neck, and thorax. Thoracic radiographs and ultrasound showed multiple mediastinal nodules and marked pleural effusion, respectively. A cutaneous biopsy from the ulcerated wounds revealed necrogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis with numerous intralesional fungal hyphae. Fungal culture on fresh swab samples from the cutaneous lesions yielded growth of a fungal organism that was further identified as Trichosporon loubieri by PCR and DNA sequencing. The cat was subsequently euthanized and submitted to autopsy. Gross pathology changes consisted of multifocal to coalescing white nodules ranging from 5 to 10 mm in diameter that expanded the mediastinal fat, intrathoracic lymph nodes, lungs, and costal pleura. These lesions consisted of areas of necrogranulomatous inflammation with numerous intralesional fungal hyphae morphologically similar to those observed in the cutaneous biopsy sample. Gross and histologic changes were consistent with a systemic fungal infection, and the etiologic diagnosis was supported by fungal culture. Fungal identity was confirmed by DNA sequencing of D1-D2 and TS1 regions.
Rapid Process Optimization
Authors: Wiler Jennifer L. , Bookman Kelly , Birznieks Derek B. , Leeret Robert , Koehler April , Planck Shauna , Zane Richard
Published: March 2016

Health care systems have utilized various process redesign methodologies to improve care delivery. This article describes the creation of a novel process improvement methodology, Rapid Process Optimization (RPO). This system was used to redesign emergency care delivery within a large academic health care system, which resulted in a decrease: (1) door-to-physician time (Department A: 54 minutes pre vs 12 minutes 1 year post; Department B: 20 minutes pre vs 8 minutes 3 months post), (2) overall length of stay (Department A: 228 vs 184; Department B: 202 vs 192), (3) discharge length of stay (Department A: 216 vs 140; Department B: 179 vs 169), and (4) left without being seen rates (Department A: 5.5% vs 0.0%; Department B: 4.1% vs 0.5%) despite a 47% increased census at Department A (34 391 vs 50 691) and a 4% increase at Department B (8404 vs 8753). The novel RPO process improvement methodology can inform and guide successful care redesign.
Serendipitous Diagnosis of a Ganglioneuroma in a Diagnostic Medical Sonography Educational Setting
Authors: Rienzo Catherine E. , Mark Ian T.
Published: March 2016

This report describes an unanticipated finding in an asymptomatic volunteer scanned in a sonography education program that led to the diagnosis of a rare, benign tumor consistent with a ganglioneuroma. The importance of maintaining a proper protocol for addressing incidental pathological findings for volunteers in the educational setting is emphasized.
“Correlationism”: The Dogma that Never Was
Authors: Golumbia David
Published: March 2016

The theoretical movements known as Speculative Realism and Object-Oriented Ontology depend on the “critique of correlationism” offered by the French philosopher Quentin Meillassoux in his 2008 After Finitude. There Meillassoux claims to have shown that Kant and all philosophers following him committed a grave and unseen philosophical error that he calls “correlationism,” in failing to see that humans can have access to absolute knowledge. Meillassoux's demonstration fails to deliver on this promise by equivocating on just the key argumentative points that philosophers from Kant onward have worked to clarify with precise language and argument, and by ignoring tremendous amounts of countervailing textual evidence. Far from blindly committing the correlationist “error,” much of Kantian and post-Kantian philosophy takes the issues Meillasoux raises as central ones for any philosophical investigation, with a significant number of philosophers and theorists adopting the realist position Meillassoux claims has been eliminated.
Preventing heel ulcers, skin tears and moisture damage
Authors: Thompson-McHale Stuart
Published: March 2016

Older skin is particularly vulnerable to a number of potential risks. In this article, Stuart Thompson-McHale describes what staff need to look out for, and offers advice on how to treat and prevent these skin conditions
Treating common lung diseases in older adults
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: March 2016

As a person ages, their organs and systems change, affecting their ability to function as they once did. The lungs are no exception, Margaret Perry argues, and nurses and care staff can benefit from a knowledge of conditions residents may encounter
Animal-assisted therapy for people living with dementia
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: March 2016

It is encouraging to see the increasing popularity of animal interventions in the care-home setting, argues Aysha Mendes, particularly for people who are living with dementia. The benefits can be numerous and varied
No more Winterbourne Views: taking action on abuse
Authors: Hill Tim , Williams David
Published: March 2016

Successive scandals in care homes have shaken the industry. Taking action on abuse is crucial, argue Tim Hill and David Williams, as is preventing it happening in the first place
Evaluating the level of sustainability of privately managed forest in Bogor, Indonesia
Authors: SUKWIKA TATAN , DARUSMAN DUDUNG , KUSMANA CECEP , NURROCHMAT DODIK RIDHO
Published: March 2016

Sukwika T, Darusman D, Kusmana C, Nurrochmad DR. 2016. Evaluating the level of sustainability of privately managedÂ forest in Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 241-248. This study discusses the sustainability of small scale private forest in Bogor,Â Indonesia. It aims to determine the dimensions of sustainable private-forest and analyzing the sustainability index of privately managedÂ forest. This study uses multidimensional scaling (MDS)Â o analyze the dimensions of sustainability, ranked from 0 (the lowest) to 10 (the highest), along with the support of Rap-Pforest, in order to assess the level of similarity and dissimilarity for each dimension. Using this scale from the sustainability index, this study estimates the level of sustainability of each dimension. After measuring each attributeâ€™s level of ordination RMS change on the X axis, we estimate the errorâ€™s effect using Monte Carlo analysis. This study shows that the ecology as well as legal and institutional dimensions are moderately sustainable, with a sustainability index of 53.66% andÂ 52.48%. However, the dimensions of economy, socio-culture, as well as accessibility and technology are less sustainable, with an indexÂ measurement of 41.62%, 47.02% and 47.56%, respectively. Based on those five sustainability dimensions, this study concludes that inÂ average the level of sustainability of private-forest management in the Bogor is not sustainable (48.47%). We recommend that to improve the sustainability of small scale private forest management in Bogor, multiple stakeholders should be involved to development the most appropriate policy options.
Sense of Place and Mental Wellness of Visible Minority Immigrants in Hamilton, Ontario: Revelations from Key Informants
Authors: Agyekum Boadi , Newbold K. Bruce
Published: March 2016

This paper explores key informants’ revelations on immigrants’ sense of place and mental wellness in Hamilton, Ontario, directed toward processes and programs that challenge belongingness and integration. Grounded in key informant interviews, our analysis underscores the importance of understanding immigrants’ sense of community, belonging embedded in socioeconomic conditions, and implications on mental wellness. It is proposed that settlement service providers and other stakeholders adopt a broad and multifaceted approach that recognizes the importance of addressing immigrants’ conditions in a holistic manner. This could be achieved by focusing on policies that affect all determinants of health (including mental health) through the integration of public policies into a comprehensive package of health improvement and promotion strategies, and should be incorporated into policies of health and health-related institutions for implementation.

Ce papier explore les indicateurs importants des révélations sur le sens du lieu et de la santé mentale à Hamilton, en Ontario, orientés vers des processus et des programmes qui remettent en question l’appartenance et l’intégration. Fondée sur des entrevues avec indicateurs spécifiques, notre analyse met en exergue l’importance de comprendre le sens de la communauté chez les immigrants, leur appartenance renforcée à des conditions socio-économiques, et leur implication dans la santé mentale. On propose ainsi que les pourvoyeurs des services d’établissement et d’autres parties prenantes adoptent une approche plus globale et multiforme, qui reconnaisse l’importance d’aborder les conditions des immigrants de manière holistique. Ceci pourrait être fait en mettant l’accent sur les politiques qui affectent tous les déterminants de la santé (y compris la santé mental), à travers l’intégration des politiques publiques dans le dispositif global de l’amélioration de la santé et des promotions stratégiques, et qui devraient être incorporées dans les politiques de la santé ainsi que dans les institutions reliées à la santé pour leur réalisation.
La déclaration de souveraineté de la nation atikamekw : les méandres de l’octroi d’un titre aborigène
Authors: Caron Jean-François
Published: March 2016

The recent decision of the Canadian Supreme Court which led to the recognition of an Aboriginal title for the Tsilhqot’in nation in British Columbia has created a shock wave in the field of Aboriginal law which cannot yet be fully appreciated. The unilateral declaration of sovereignty of the Atikamekw nation in September 2014 concerning what they consider as their ancestral land is certainly one of its major consequences. Based on the Tsilhqot’in case, this article tries to demonstrate the complexity of the task linked to the approbation of an Aboriginal title and to highlight the important challenges that the Atikamekw will be facing if they decide to pursue their current political strategy.
Extreme Right in Quebec?: The Facebook Pages in Favor of the “Quebec Charter of Values”
Authors: Nadeau Frédérick , Helly Denise
Published: March 2016

In August 2013, the Government of the Parti Québécois first introduced the idea for a Quebec Charter of Values. This led to a stiff debate during which anti-immigration and anti-Islam sentiments were expressed by government officials, newspaper columnists and other well-known public figures. These opinions were in turn appropriated and disseminated by a number of citizens throughout social medias. In some regards, these attitudes and opinions are akin to those of extreme right movements and parties in Europe and the United States. In this article, we ask whether we are witnessing the rise of an extreme right in Quebec, a political stance so far estranged to this society. We start with a conceptual discussion of the notion of extreme right and then proceed to analyze the arguments put forward to support the Charter of Values. We conclude that even though the debates do reveal the “radicalization” of certain segments of public opinion toward the right, it is not possible to categorize this shift as the blooming of an “extreme right” in the full sense of the term.

En août 2013, le gouvernement du Parti Québécois lance pour la première fois l’idée d’une “Charte des valeurs québécoises”. Dans les mois suivants, le projet va générer d’intenses débats durant lesquels de nombreuses personnalités (politiciens, éditorialistes, chroniqueurs, comédiens, etc.) revendiqueront publiquement des postures anti-immigration et anti-islam. Ces prises de position seront ensuite appropriées et largement relayées par divers groupes de citoyens sur les réseaux sociaux, dont Facebook. Dans la mesure où ces discours s’apparentent à ceux de mouvements ou partis politiques qui, en Europe, sont associés à l’extrême droite, cet article demande si les débats autour de la Charte sont révélateurs de l’émergence d’une extrême droite québécoise. Il débute par une discussion conceptuelle autour de la notion d’extrême droite, puis entreprend d’analyser les arguments avancés par les partisans de la Charte pour soutenir le projet. Si nos observations permettent d’établir la « radicalisation » effective de certains segments de l’opinion publique vers la droite, ce glissement ne peut être catégorisé comme étant révélateur d’une « extrême droite » dans le sens plein du terme.
Reflections on the Polyglot Self: Multilinguals Negotiating Identity
Authors: Sobanski Brenna
Published: March 2016

In this paper I discuss how 10 multilingual residents of Halifax, Nova Scotia make sense of the meaning of their multilingualism for their identity. Contemporary work on multilingualism focuses on the ways in which globalization, diversity and the commodification of language affect multilinguals’ language practices and identity. As the movement of people, information, and goods across borders increases in quantity and complexity, multilingualism becomes both more common and more highly valued. It is within this context of greater emphasis on the value of multilingualism, and perhaps greater acceptance of certain types of multilingualism in North America, that participants reflect on, and communicate, the meaning multilingualism holds for them. For participants in this research, multilingualism was the basis for a polyglot identity that focuses on increasing cross-cultural understanding and forming a sense of belonging to the world at large. While some felt that each language entailed its own specific way of being, all understood languages as connecting them to other cultures and ways of understanding the world around them. From this basis they developed a polyglot identity based on cross-cultural understanding and inclusivity.

Cet article traite des façons dont dix habitants multilingues de la ville de Halifax, Nouvelle-Écosse entendent la relation entre leur multilinguisme et leur identité. Les études récentes du multilinguisme soulignent les effets de la mondialisation et de la commoditisation de la langue sur les pratiques et sur l’identité des personnes multilingues. Avec la croissance et la complexification des flux des gens, des biens et des informations à travers les frontières nationales, le multilinguisme devient à la fois plus commun et plus valorisé. C’est dans ce contexte de l’accentuation de la valeur du multilinguisme, et peut-être aussi de l’acceptation accrue de certains types de multilinguisme en Amérique du Nord, que les participants réfléchissent à la signification de leur multilinguisme et par-lent de celle-ci. Pour les participants à cette recherche, le multilinguisme constitue la base d’une identité polyglotte axée sur la facilitation de la compréhension interculturelle et la formation d’un sentiment d’appartenance au monde entier. Tandis que certains d’entre eux croient que chaque langue apporte sa propre façon d’être dans le monde, tous pensent que les langues les relient avec d’autres cultures et d’autres manières de comprendre le monde autour d’eux. À partir de cette base, ils développent une identité axée sur la compréhension interculturelle et l’inclusivité.
Beyond Economics: Broadening Perspectives on Immigration to Canada
Authors: Costigan Catherine , Lehr Sabine , Miao Sheena
Published: March 2016

This article reviews and critiques the current immigration policies in Canada, which are increasingly focused primarily on economic considerations. Data from a sample of 182 immigrant Chinese families (including mothers, fathers, and adolescents) are used to illustrate disconnections between immigration policy and the experiences of immigrants to Canada. The current individually-oriented immigration class system does not recognize non-economic motivations for immigration among principal applicants (e.g., for children’s future prospects) or the economic contributions of accompanying spouses. We argue for the incorporation of a long-term family-based lens for creating and evaluating immigration policy, one which accounts for the sacrifices parents make for their children and the contributions to Canadian society made by this next generation of Canadians. Furthermore, we caution against adopting policies that, over time, may limit the cultural diversity of new Canadians. We argue that supporting immigrants’ ability to be bicultural promotes multiculturalism, which benefits all of Canadian society.

Cet article fait la critique des politiques d’immigration actuelles au Canada, qui sont de plus en plus axés essentiellement sur des considérations économiques. Les données provenant d’un échantillon de 182 familles immigrantes chinoises (y compris les mères, les pères et les adolescents) sont utilisés pour illustrer les déconnexions entre la politique d’immigration et les expériences des immigrants au Canada. Le système de classement d’immigration actuel orienté sur l’individu ne tient pas compte des motivations non économiques de l’immigration parmi les demandeurs principaux (par exemple, pour les perspectives d’avenir des enfants) ou les contributions économiques des conjoints accompagnant. Pour la création et l’évaluation de la politique d’immigration, nous appuierions l’incorporation d’une perspective long terme basée sur la famille, une politique qui prend en compte les sacrifices des parents pour leurs enfants et les contributions à la société canadienne faite par cette prochaine génération de Canadiens. De plus, nous mettons en garde contre l’adoption de politiques qui, au fil du temps, peuvent limiter la diversité culturelle des nouveaux Canadiens. Nous soutenons que le soutien de la capacité des immigrants de devenir biculturel favorise le multiculturalisme, qui profite à toute la société canadienne.
“Canadian, Eh?”: An Examination of the Multidimensional Structure and Functions of the National Identity of Immigrants and of Those Raised in Canada
Authors: Grant Peter R.
Published: March 2016

Three studies examined the national identity of Canadian immigrants. In Study 1, immigrant leaders were interviewed about their Canadian identity. Content analysis revealed themes that were used to create items for the Immigrants’ Canadian Identity Scale (ICIS). Then a large sample of immigrants (Study 2a) and Canadians raised in Canada (Study 2b) completed the ICIS and a variety of other variables. Factor analyses revealed a shared social representation of what it means to be Canadian with five dimensions. Two dimensions, belonging and self-categorization, were generic. The other three dimensions were unique to Canadian identity and show that being Canadian is to live in a multicultural society that supports cultural and civic freedoms. Regression analyses demonstrate that different dimensions served different functions. The value of taking an inductive approach to the study of particular group identities so as to reveal their unique qualities is discussed.

Trois études ont examiné l’identité des immigrants canadiens. Dans la première étude, les dirigeants immigrants ont été interrogés sur leur identité canadienne. L’analyse du contenu a révélé des thèmes qui ont été utilisés pour créer des points pour l’Echelle Identitaire des Immigrants canadiens (ICIS - EIIC). Puis, un grand échantillon d’immigrants (étude 2a) ainsi que les canadiens élevés au Canada (étude 2b) ont complété le ICIS – EIIC et une variété d’autres variables. L’analyse factorielle a révélé une représentation de ce que signifie être canadien avec cinq dimensions. Deux dimensions, celles d’appartenance et d’auto-catégorisation étaient génériques. Les trois autres dimensions étaient uniques à l’identité canadienne et montrent qu’être Canadien est de vivre dans une société multiculturelle qui soutient les libertés civiques et culturelles. L’analyse de régression démontre que différentes dimensions servent différentes fonctions. L’importance d’adopter une approche inductive à l’étude des identités de groupe particuliers est une manière de révéler que leur qualité unique est examinée.
Partnership Building and Implementation of an Integrated Healthy-Aging Program
Authors: Zgibor Janice C. , Schlenk Elizabeth A. , Vater Laura , Kola Sushma , Bilt Joni Vander , Woody Sarah , Jacob Mini E. , Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan , Brenckle Allison , Brandenstein Jane , Kwoh C. Kent , Boudreau Robert , Albert Steven , Conroy Margaret , Rodgers Elizabeth , Newman Anne B.
Published: March 2016

Background : Evidence-based interventions exist for prevention of chronic disease in older adults. Partnering with community organizations may provide a mechanism for disseminating these interventions. Objective : To describe the partnership and program implementation by the Arthritis Foundation (AF) and the University of Pittsburgh. Methods : The AF Exercise Program (AFEP; an existing evidence-based program) was enhanced with the “10 Keys”™ to Healthy Aging (a prevention-focused program bundling the most common risk factors for chronic disease and disability in older adults and applies behavior change strategies to enhance prevention). The program was delivered in 20 sessions over 10 weeks by community health workers in a cluster-randomized trial. Lessons Learned : Partnering with an organization having an existing infrastructure supports program delivery at the community level. This partnership provided programming in 54 sites across Pittsburgh and surrounding communities. Conclusions : This collaborative partnership created a productive synergy maximizing strengths in both research and program delivery.
Engaging Pacific Islanders in Research: Community Recommendations
Authors: Chung-Do Jane J. , Look Mele A. , Mabellos Tricia , Trask-Batti Mililani , Burke Katherine , Mau Marjorie K. L. Mala
Published: March 2016

Background : Health disparities continue to persist among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) communities. Objectives : This study sought to understand the perspectives of community organizations in the Ulu Network on how researchers can collaborate with communities to promote community wellness. Methods : Key informant interviews and small group interviews were conducted with the leadership in the Ulu Network. Results : Five themes were identified that highlight the importance of investing time and commitment to build authentic relationships, understanding the diversity and unique differences across Pacific communities, ensuring that communities receive direct and meaningful benefits, understanding the organizational capacity, and initiating the dialog early to ensure that community perspectives are integrated in every stage of research. Conclusions : Increasing capacity of researchers, as well as community organizations, can help build toward a more equitable and meaningful partnership to enhance community wellness.
Using Resource Allocation Modeling to Inform HIV Prevention Priority Setting for Baltimore-Towson, Maryland
Authors: Holtgrave David R. , Maulsby Cathy , Kim J. Janet , Cassidy-Stewart Hope , Hauck Heather
Published: March 2016

Problem : In 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) launched the “Enhanced Comprehensive HIV Prevention Planning” initiative, which targeted funding to the 12 U.S. metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) with the most severe epidemics of human immunodeficiency virus infection to a) develop a plan to align each MSA’s HIV prevention plan with the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS) and b) identify and implement the optimal combination of prevention services to reduce new infections. Purpose : This paper describes how the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DHMH) partnered with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH) to conduct mathematical modeling and economic analyses to inform local planning for resource allocation and intervention design for the Baltimore–Towson MSA. Key Points : The paper outlines the steps of building and implementing that analytic partnership, illustrates how results were discussed with other key stakeholders, and shows how the findings informed local priority setting. Conclusion : The paper demonstrates how health departments, academia, and community partners can jointly use policy modeling to improve resource allocation and address urgent public health challenges.
Development of an Exergame for Urban-dwelling Older Adults With Functional Limitations: Results and Lessons Learned
Authors: Szanton Sarah L. , Walker Rachel K. , Lim Jyong H. , Fisher Laura , Zhan Andong , Gitlin Laura N. , Thorpe Roland J. , Terzis Andreas
Published: March 2016

Background : Falls at home are common and potentially fatal for disabled older adults. To address this problem, we created an academic–community partnership involving disabled, urban-dwelling older adults and their families, the housing authority, a Tai Chi master, and a university. Objectives : We conducted a pilot to assess safety, acceptability, and feasibility of a Wii-based exergame designed to increase disabled older adults’ strength and balance. Methods : A working prototype was developed and evaluated. Then, we piloted a refined version with 19 disabled urban-dwelling older adults. Results : The program was enjoyable, feasible, and acceptable. Participants described multiple functional improvements. Of the 16 who completed at least three gaming sessions, average balance score increased 25% and gait speed increased 19%. Conclusions : This pilot showed promising results for improving strength and balance in the home setting, and yielded valuable lessons about health technology development with community partners.