bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aspectos metodológicos e desafios da Coorte On-line Comportamento Alimentar e Saúde Mental (COCASa) de docentes e discentes universitários durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Santana Monica Leila Portela de , Oliveira Ana Marlúcia de , Cunha Carla de Magalhães , Araújo Maria da Purificação Nazaré , Queiroz Valterlinda Alves de Oliveira , Martins Poliana Cardoso , Costa Priscila Ribas de Farias , Nepomuceno Carina Magalhães , Barroso Rosemary da Rocha Fonseca , Fonseca Nedja Silva dos Santos , Oliveira Lucivalda Pereira Magalhães de , Machado Maria Ester Pereira , Machado Martha Luísa , Santos Sandra Maria Chaves dos , Silva Karine Brito Beck da , Silva Helena Benes Matos da , Macêdo Patrícia Fortes Cavalcanti de , Carvalho Marília Villela de , Pereira Juliana Miranda
Published: December 2021

O distanciamento social adotado para controle da COVID-19 obrigou Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) a aderirem a novas estratégias para realização das atividades acadêmicas e muitas pesquisas passaram a ser realizadas em ambientes virtuais. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os aspectos metodológicos e principais desafios enfrentados para a execução do projeto COCASa, um estudo de coorte on-line sobre comportamento alimentar e saúde mental de docentes e discentes de IES do Brasil. O estudo foi iniciado em julho de 2020 e acompanhará os participantes por dois anos. Adotou-se amostragem não probabilística estratificada proporcional com a utilização de escalas, de inquérito alimentar e de questões estruturadas elaboradas pela equipe do projeto. Entre os participantes do baseline, 4.074 discentes e 2.210 docentes iniciaram o questionário e, respectivamente, 76,8% e 85,1% finalizaram o preenchimento. Em ambos os grupos, a maior participação foi de mulheres (docentes: 66,7% e discentes: 76,2%) e residentes nas regiões Nordeste (docentes: 37% e discentes: 50,9%) e Sul (docentes: 27,1% e discentes: 22,5%) do Brasil. A pesquisa on-line amplia a possibilidade de recrutamento de participantes e alcança limites territoriais com menor demanda por financiamento. Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, o uso do ambiente virtual tornou-se uma estratégia viável e acessível para a manutenção das atividades de pesquisa, configurando-se como uma provável tendência a ser adotada pela comunidade científica.
Impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 em idosos e estratégias de reabilitação adotadas
Authors: Sousa Ester Miranda de , Silva Ivisson Lucas Campos da , Silva Luigi Gabriel Brasil da , Silva Neto Jose Edmilson da , Amorim Diane Nogueira Paranhos , Farias Ruth Raquel Soares de , Carrias Francisco Maurílio da Silva , Macedo Lélia Lilianna Borges de Sousa
Published: December 2021

Introdução: O mundo atualmente enfrenta uma pandemia que modificou os hábitos de vida da população em geral e gerou consequências na economia e na saúde pública, tendo em vista a potencial disseminação do patógeno, o SARS-CoV-2, que causa a doença COVID-19. As pessoas maiores de 60 anos foram apontadas como um dos grupos mais vulneráveis a desenvolverem a forma grave da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar na literatura os impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 em idosos e as estratégias de reabilitação que vêm sendo adotadas neste período. Metodologia: Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa que utilizou artigos indexados nas bases de dados Medline, PubMed e Scielo publicados entre os anos 2020 e 2021 nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Resultados: A pandemia da COVID-19 e o isolamento social trouxeram alguns transtornos para a saúde do idoso. Os artigos analisados nesta revisão elencaram alguns destes transtornos, entre eles função motora prejudicada, comprometimento na realização das atividades de vida diária, fraqueza adquirida na UTI e piora da fragilidade. Considerações Finais: A saúde do idoso no cenário atual demanda uma atenção mais específica que busque enfatizar não só a recuperação, como também a prevenção desses agravos à saúde. Além disso, as estratégias para alcançar esses objetivos devem ser melhor estudadas, a fim de encontrar métodos para o fornecimento de assistência de qualidade a essa população durante e no pós-pandemia.
Impactos do ácaro da necrose no desenvolvimento de frutos híbridos de coqueiros em plantio comercial
Authors: Silva Natanael Charles da , Rolim Melbya Moraes
Published: December 2021

O trabalho objetivou analisar os principais impactos causados pelo ácaro da necrose em cocos híbridos em um plantio comercial de coco, além de verificar qual híbrido é o mais resistente aos danos causados pela praga. Para isso, as coletas foram realizadas em um plantio comercial em parcelas subdivididas no espaço e no tempo. Durante a pesquisa, foram analisados no software Assistat o peso do albúmen sólido, o volume de albúmen líquido e a severidade de dano na fibra de 1920 cocos divididos em três níveis de danos. Os resultados evidenciaram que o coco híbrido de identificação PB-123 demonstrou maior peso de albúmen sólido, maior volume de albúmen líquido e menor severidade de dano na fibra, logo, esse híbrido foi identificado como o mais resistente aos ataques dessa praga. Levando em consideração a chuva como fator limitante à praga, notou-se que os cocos coletados se desenvolveram significativamente melhor nos períodos de crescimento inicial com maiores índices pluviométricos. Com esses dados, é possível atribuir atenção especial ao híbrido PB-123 em próximas plantações, caracterizando-o como o híbrido mais resistente aos danos provocados pelo ácaro. Reafirma-se que o ácaro causador da necrose é de fácil dispersão e causa danos profundos no fruto do coqueiro, podendo estar associado a perdas de valor comercial para seus produtores.
Análise da ocupação desordenada no alto da Macaíba em Jaboatão dos Guararapes/PE
Authors: Lima Maria Cristina Alves de , Jesus Sanderson Damascena de , Lafayette Kalinny Patrícia Vaz , Silva Simone Rosa da
Published: December 2021

Os centros urbanos evoluem a partir de uma série de fatores que se relacionam promovendo crescimento. Fatores de ordem econômica e socioambiental devem ter associação harmônica e proporcional, a fim de um crescimento urbano ordenado, que promova espaços planejados e estruturados, capazes de prover a seus moradores uma infraestrutura adequada. No geral o crescimento se dá em meio ao descompasso desses fatores, gerando ocupações desordenadas. Questões como drenagem urbana, pavimentação e saneamento básico, funcionam muitas vezes de forma precária, quando não, a população vive desprovida dessas estruturas urbanísticas. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar uma análise de ocupação do solo, no morro da Macaíba, localizado no bairro de Cavaleiro, no município de Jaboatão dos Guararapes/PE. O estudo buscou verificar o processo de ocupação do local, por meio de uma análise comparativa dos dados quantitativos e qualitativos, ocorridos em dois momentos distintos: antes da implantação da linha Centro-2 do metrô Recife e depois de sua implantação. Verificou-se os impactos de avanço da mancha urbana, solo exposto e supressão de área verde, utilizando-se para geração dos dados quantitativos, imagens vetorizadas a partir de ortofotocartas dos períodos estudados. Foi evidenciado que a ocupação urbana teve um incremento de 55,22%, enquanto as áreas expostas e a cobertura vegetal tiveram uma redução de 17,54% e 37,39%, respectivamente.
Testagem Rápida para COVID-19 em uma rede de farmácias de uma cidade do Sudoeste da Bahia
Authors: Santos Leonardo Pereira , Braga Junior Antonio Carlos Ricardo , Amorim Aline Teixeira
Published: December 2021

O vírus transmissor da COVID-19 foi descoberto em casos de pneumonia viral em Wuhan (China), em 2019, e foi denominado de SARS-CoV-2 pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), em 12 de janeiro de 2020. Pertence a uma grande família de vírus constituídos de RNA individual positivo encadeado com um envelope, cuja proteína N (Nucleocapsídeo), geralmente conservada entre os β-coronavírus, é usada constantemente como instrumento de diagnóstico para COVID-19. O Med Test Coronavírus (COVID-19) Ag (Teste Rápido) tem por finalidade a detecção, de forma qualitativa, à presença do vírus, já o Med Test Coronavírus (COVI-19) IgG/IgM (Teste Rápido) tem o propósito de revelar anticorpos IgG e IgM para COVID-19. O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral descrever o perfil dos resultados obtidos na testagem rápida para COVID-19 em uma rede de farmácias com filiais em uma cidade do sudoeste da Bahia. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de campo, a qual contou com a participação indireta de 241 pessoas com as quais foram realizados testes, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos. Os resultados foram comparados posteriormente com os sintomas relatados pelos pacientes por intermédio de um questionário empregado antes da efetivação de cada teste. Assim, com a realização de ambos os testes, a comparação dos resultados e os sintomas descritos pelos pacientes, foi obtida uma relação entre resultado do teste, sintoma e idade do paciente. Diante dos resultados, verificou-se que pacientes que apresentaram sintomas de febre e perda de paladar foram mais associados com a positividade do teste de antígeno, e o sintoma de dor de garganta apresentou uma menor correlação com a positividade para o mesmo teste. Foi possível verificar a presença de positividade para COVID-19 em pacientes assintomáticos, e a importância de realizar os testes de antígeno e anticorpo no tempo devido.
Avaliação dos aspectos físicos e parâmetros de normalidade da radiografia de tórax por estudantes de medicina em faculdade de Teresina-PI
Authors: Barros Yago Reis de Deus , Mendes Junior Francisco Frazão , Silva Williams Cardec da
Published: December 2021

O raio x de tórax é um dos exames de imagem mais solicitados na prática médica, é a partir dele que é possível identificar as principais estruturas torácicas. Entretanto, além de possuir uma leitura difícil, a interpretação deste depende do operador do exame, da técnica utilizada e do conhecimento do avaliador. A pesquisa que consiste em um estudo transversal, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa, foi realizada através de um formulário de 9 perguntas elaborado pelos próprios autores e respondido por acadêmicos do 9⁰ ao 12⁰ período de medicina da instituição UNINOVAFAPI, em Teresina-PI, no ano de 2021, e tem como objetivo central avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes de medicina sobre os parâmetros técnicos e de normalidade desse exame de imagem. Os resultados mostraram uma média aritmética de 6 pontos, que correspondia a 66,7% do questionário. Constatou-se que 71,33% dos estudantes atingiram uma nota igual ou superior à média do exame, portanto, conclui-se que a pesquisa encontrou um resultado satisfatório. No presente estudo, os resultados apresentam índices relevantes na avaliação dos parâmetros de normalidade da radiografia de tórax por estudantes de medicina. Evidencia-se que o ensino apresenta uma grande variabilidade entre os programas de treinamento em residência médica e faculdade de medicina.
Fatores associados à coinfecção Leishmania/Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana: um estudo de coorte (2007-2018)
Authors: Carvalho Luciana Silami , Ceccato Maria das Graças Braga , Costa Dário Alves da Silva , Simões Taynãna César , Silveira Micheline Rosa
Published: December 2021

Introdução: Leishmaniose visceral (LV) e infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) são problemas de saúde pública, com altos números de casos e letalidade no mundo. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados a coinfecção leishmania/HIV no Brasil. Metodologia: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva com análise univariada e multivariada de 28.265 indivíduos, notificados e com diagnóstico confirmado de LV, no Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), de 2007 a 2018, no Brasil. Resultados: A maioria dos indivíduos coinfectados era jovem, homem, da raça não branca, moradores da zona urbana, com até oito anos de escolaridade e que entraram nesse estudo como caso novo. Maiores chances de coinfecção foram observadas para indivíduos de faixas etárias de onze a dezenove anos (OR=1,74), vinte a trinta e nove anos (OR=13,06) e acima de quarenta anos (OR=6,96), que fizeram uso de antimoniato de N-metilglucamina (OR=4,36), anfotericina B desoxicolato (OR=6,21) e anfotericina B lipossomal (OR=1,60), que apresentaram recidiva (OR=3,99), cujos casos evoluíram para abandono de tratamento (OR=2,00), e óbitos por outras causas que não LV (OR=4,00) e transferência (OR=1,50). Menores chances de coinfecção foram observadas em mulheres (OR=0,80), moradores da zona rural (OR=0,54), que apresentaram de cinco a seis sintomas (OR=0,82). Conclusão: Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de melhoria no acompanhamento de indivíduos coinfectados com LV/HIV, no intuito de diminuir recidivas, transferências e abandono ao tratamento. Atenção especial deve ser dada para a realização do diagnóstico oportuno da infecção pelo HIV em indivíduos com LV, especialmente em homens jovens que residem na zona urbana.
Tratamento ortopédico em paciente com deficiência de maxila: relato de caso
Authors: Ferreira Geanne da Silva , Santos Lorena Cabral dos , Meira Joyce de Figueiredo , Martinho Roberto Luiz de Menezes , Oliveira Nayhane Cristine da Silva de , Santos Bruna Ramos Meireles dos , Meira Gabriela de Figueiredo , Rêgo Jéssica Tuane Maia
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: o objetivo desse artigo é descrever um caso clínico de tratamento ortodôntico e ortopédico de uma criança de nove anos, Classe III de Angle com uso de máscara facial. Metodologia: Partindo da permissão da paciente por meio do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido em partilhar sua imagem para devido fim, o presente estudo trata de um relato de caso clínico de cunho analítico descritivo (Pereira et al., 2018). Relato de Caso: A paciente I. A. C 9 anos, gênero feminino, branca, compareceu a clínica odontológica do Centro Universitário Fametro (CEUNI- FAMETRO) acompanhada pela mãe, queixando-se da “vergonha de sorrir”. Após a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), foi realizada a anamnese, no qual a responsável relatou bom estado de saúde da criança e hábito de respiração bucal. Considerações Finais: Diante do exposto, pode-se afirmar que os resultados do tratamento de discrepância esquelética por deficiência maxilar não foram alcançados. No presente relato de caso, a paciente não foi colaborativa, o que culminou em troca de disjuntor devido a criança ter quebrado o aparelho por duas vezes.
Species Diversity of selected Flora and Fauna in the river Yamuna at Kalpi (U.P.) India
Authors: Shukla Manoj Kumar
Published: December 2021

To evaluate the pollution status species diversity of selected flora and fauna of the Yamuna river at Kalpi stretch was studied for a period of one year. Four sampling stations were selected for sampling purpose. Collected samples are evaluated for flora and fauna specially phytoplankton, aquatic macrophytes, zooplankton and fishes. Selected flora and fauna of studied water are presented by phytoplankton members of Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae, aquatic macrophytes of 8 families, zooplankton members of Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda and fishes of 10 families. In these recorded species of different groups of flora and fauna, some pollution indicator species like Scenedesmus quadricauda, Stigeoclonium tenue,Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chlorella vulgaris, Euglena viridis, Synedra ulna, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Navicula viridula, Nitzschia, Oscillatoria limosa, O. tenuis, O. chlorina, Phormidium uncinatum,Microcystis aeruginosa of phytoplanton, Eichhornea, Potamogeton and Cyperus species of aquatic macrophytes, Brachionus species and Keratella species of zooplankton and Clarias batrachus fish are also presented along with clean water species. Presence of both pollution indicator and clean water species show that water of Yamuna river at Kalpi stretch is moderately polluted. Sustaining the diversity of flora and fauna it is necessary to maintain living status of this river.
First report on occurrence of smooth back guitar fish, Rhinobatos lionotus from
Pondicherry (Puducherry) coastal waters, South east coast of India
Authors: Mary S. Nithya , Ravitchandirane V. , Gunalan B.
Published: December 2021

There is no aimed fishery for guitar fish in India, but these are mainly caught as bycatch of bottom set gill net and trawl fisheries. Batoids, particularly rays and guitar fish occupies more than 50% of the total elasmobranch landings in India. Basically there is no study on diversity and taxonomy of skates in India. In the present study Smooth back Guitar fish, Rhinobatos lionotus recorded as a first report in Pondicherry coastal waters.
Prospects of Fisheries development in Ox-Bow lakes of Eastern Uttar Pradesh specially
in Ballia district
Authors: Jha A.K. , Dwivedi Deepak Kumar , Paul D. K.
Published: December 2021

The present article deals with the fisheries development of three important Ox-Bow Lakes of Ballia district of eastern Uttar Pradesh in relation to physico-chemical and biological conditions. The results were found conducive for Fisheries development. The results indicate clearly that potential fish yield is not being realized from the lakes and there is immense scope for increase in Fish production.
Improving the Corrosion Resistance of AISI 316L Steel for Semiconductor Piping by Controlled Delta-Ferrite Content
Authors: Seo Young Woo , Kim Chan Yang , Seo Bo Kyung , Chung Won Sub
Published: December 2021

This study evaluated changes in delta-ferrite content depending on the preheating of AISI 316L stainless steel. We also determined the reasons for the variation in delta-ferrite content, which affects corrosion resistance. Changes in delta-ferrite content after preheating was confirmed using a Feritscope, and the microstructure was analyzed using optical microscopy (OM). We found that the delta-ferrite microstructure size decreased when preheating time was increased at 1295 oC, and that the delta-ferrite content could be controlled through preheating. Potentiodynamic polarization test were carried out in NaCl (0.5 M) + H2SO4 (0.5 M) solution, and it was found that higher delta-ferrite content resulted in less corrosion potential and passive potential. To determine the cause, an analysis was conducted using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), which confirmed that higher delta-ferrite content led to weaker corrosion resistance, due to Cr degradation at the delta-ferrite and austenite boundaries. The degradation of Cr on the boundaries between austenite and delta-ferrite can be explained by the difference in the diffusion coefficient of Cr in the ferrite and austenite. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of material used for actual semiconductor piping confirmed that corrosion begins at the delta-ferrite and austenite boundaries. These results confirm the need to control delta-ferrite content in AISI 316L stainless steel used for semiconductor piping.
Tinjauan Kasus COVID-19 Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin, Golongan Usia, dan Kepadatan Penduduk di Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Ernawati Aeda
Published: December 2021

ENGLISHCOVID-19 spread out rapidly and it has caused a lot of mortality among the victims. Objectives of the research are to describe the COVID-19 cases based on the gender, and age group in the study area and to analyze the effect of population density on COVID-19 cases. The study used quantitative descriptive approach. The study used secondary data available at BPS, the Health Office, and the COVID-19 task force website in Pati Regency. It used a descriptive analysis and also a statistical test, namely a simple linear regression test. The results showed that 53% of COVID-19 victims are males. Most cases of COVID-19 attacked the productive agers, mainly at the ages of 46-59 years old consisting of 637 people (36.59%). Based on data up to November 1st, 2021, the most COVID-19 sufferers in Pati District are 1857 people. Based on the regression test, there is an effect of population density on the highly accident cases of COVID-19. There is a strong influence of population density on the COVID-19 cases with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.890 and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.793. It means that 79% of COVID-19 sufferers are influenced by population density.  Therefore, prevention efforts must be carried out through counseling to male people in order not to smoke and increase the application of health protocols. In addition, prevention for elder people is conducted by increasing body resistance by fulfilling food intake and vaccination. INDONESIACOVID-19 menyebar dengan cepat dan menyebabkan banyak kematian pada masyarakat yang terpapar. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengambarkan kasus COVID-19 di Kabupaten Pati berdasarkan jenis kelamin, golongan usia, dan kecamatan serta untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepadatan penduduk terhadap kasus COVID-19. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang tersedia di BPS, Dinas Kesehatan, dan website gugus tugas COVID-19 di Kabupaten Pati. Analisis secara deskriptif dan untuk kepadatan dilakukan uji statistik dengan menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 53% penderita COVID-19 berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Kasus COVID-19 sebagian besar menyerang usia produktif, terbanyak pada golong-an usia 46-59 tahun yaitu sebanyak 637 orang (36,59%).  Berdasarkan data per 1 November 2021, penderita COVID-19 paling banyak Kecamatan Pati yaitu sebanyak 1857 orang. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan ada pengaruh kepadatan penduduk dengan tingginya kasus COVID-19. Ada pengaruh yang kuat kepadatan penduduk terhadap tingginya kasus COVID-19 dengan koefisien korelasi (R) sebesar 0,890 dan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,793, artinya 79% tingginya jumlah penderita COVID-19 dipengaruhi oleh kepadatan penduduk. Upaya pencegahan harus selalu di-lakukan melalui penyuluhan pada laki-laki untuk tidak merokok dan meningkatkan penerapan protokol kesehatan. Pencegahan pada lansia dengan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh dengan memenuhi asupan makanan dan melakukan vaksinasi.
Financial Distress and Firm Performance: Evidence from COVID-19.
Authors: Teoh Christine Kah Shu
Published: December 2021

This study is dedicated to discovering the impact of COVID-19 on Malaysia’s plantation industry firms.  This paper uses quarterly data from annual report of 39 listed firms from Malaysia from 2018 to 2020. The variables to measure financial distress are debt ratio and debt-to-equity ratio while the measurement for firm performance is return on assets. The findings shows that there is a significant negative relationship between debt-to-equity ratio on firm performance. This indicates that the increase in debt-to-equity ratio results in a significant decrease in return on total assets. On the other hand, positive correlation exists between debt ratio and firm performance. This means that an increase in debt ratio results in an increase in the return value of total assets.
The Influence of Debt Financing on Firms’ Performance: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Lee Yien Yien
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the relationship between the listed firms’ debt level and performance in Bursa Malaysia during a five-year period. Based on the results of the Hausman test and Breusch-Pagan LM test, the fixed-effect model is the most appropriate model that used to analyze the panel data of 50 Malaysian listed companies within the property sector from the year 2015 to 2019. The results indicated that the short-term debt (STD) and long-term debt (LTD) have positive and insignificant effects on return on asset (ROA), which means that the increase in the short-term debt and long-term debt will lead to an increase in the return on assets. Besides that, account payables (AP) has a negative and insignificant effect on the profitability of property sector companies. According to the outcome of the Granger Causality test, the return on assets does not affect by the account payables, short-term debt, long-term debt and firm size. There is only one unidirectional causality relationship that proves that short-term debt is affected by long-term debt. Additionally, this study focuses on enhancing the existing empirical knowledge of debt financing's influence on the profitability of the listed firms in the property sector.
Editorial
Authors: Shiozaki Marcos Paulo , Gabriel Nilson Lucas Dias
Published: December 2021

É com bastante satisfação que anunciamos o nosso segundo número das “Conversas em Psicologia”. Agradecemos imensamente os nossos autores e também a nossa comissão editorial que, pacientemente, se disponibilizou para conseguirmos encerrar esse segundo número. Esperamos que todos vocês tenham uma excelente leitura!
Estéticas da subjetivação: a interface entre psicanálise e literatura
Authors: Gomes Vinícius Romagnolli Rodrigues
Published: December 2021

O laço que une psicanálise e literatura é estreito. Freud desejava ser reconhecido como homem da ciência, mas isso não o impediu de ser reconhecido como um grande escritor, tendo o mesmo recebido o prêmio Goethe. Neste artigo, tentamos demonstrar que é possível compreender a criação do pensamento freudiano e do novo homem por ele concebido, por meio de suas ressonâncias e confluências com a literatura fantástica, que por sua vez, faz uma sobreposição de temas aparentemente inconciliáveis, a saber: o real e a fantasia. Há, em Freud, uma dicotomia entre o cientista e o poeta, o iluminista e o criativo especulativo. A própria noção que Freud cunhou do humano, é a de um ser contraditório e em constante conflito. A singularidade da obra de Freud resulta em grande parte desse convívio e tensão entre os dois polos.
RGD Peptide-Conjugated Selenium Nanocomposite Inhibits Human Glioma Growth by Triggering Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ROS-Dependent MAPKs Activation
Authors: Liu Wenjian , Su Jing , Shi Qiang , Wang Jinlei , Chen Xiao , Zhang Shizhong , Li Mengkao , Cui Jie , Fan Cundong , Sun Beibei , Wang Guojun
Published: December 2021

Chemotherapy is still one of the most common ways to treat human glioblastoma in clinic. However, severe side effects limited its clinic application. Design of cancer-targeted drugs with high efficiency and low side effect is urgently needed. Herein, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and nano-selenium (Se NPs) conjugated with RGD peptides (Ag@Se@RGD NPs) to target integrin high-expressed glioma were designed. The results found that Ag@Se@RGD NPs displayed stable particle size and morphology in physiological condition, and induced significant integrin-targeted intracellular uptake. Ag@Se@RGD NPs in vitro dose-dependently inhibited U251 human glioma cells growth by induction of cells apoptosis through triggering the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and MAPKs activation. However, ROS inhibition dramatically attenuated Ag@Se@RGD NPs-induced MAPKs activation, indicating the significant role of ROS as an early apoptotic event. Importantly, Ag@Se@RGD NPs administration in vivov effectively inhibited U251 tumor xenografts growth by induction of apoptosis through regulation MAPKs activation. Taken together, our findings validated the rational design that Ag-Se NPs conjugated with RGD peptides was a promising strategy to combat human glioma by induction of apoptosis through triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-dependent MAPKs activation.
Autophagy and Glycative Stress: A Bittersweet Relationship in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Gómez Olga , Perini-Villanueva Giuliana , Yuste Andrea , Rodríguez-Navarro José Antonio , Poch Enric , Bejarano Eloy
Published: December 2021

Autophagy is a fine-tuned proteolytic pathway that moves dysfunctional/aged cellular components into the lysosomal compartment for degradation. Over the last 3 decades, global research has provided evidence for the protective role of autophagy in different brain cell components. Autophagic capacities decline with age, which contributes to the accumulation of obsolete/damaged organelles and proteins and, ultimately, leads to cellular aging in brain tissues. It is thus well-accepted that autophagy plays an essential role in brain homeostasis, and malfunction of this catabolic system is associated with major neurodegenerative disorders. Autophagy function can be modulated by different types of stress, including glycative stress. Glycative stress is defined as a cellular status with abnormal and accelerated accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). It occurs in hyperglycemic states, both through the consumption of high-sugar diets or under metabolic conditions such as diabetes. In recent years, glycative stress has gained attention for its adverse impact on brain pathology. This is because glycative stress stimulates insoluble, proteinaceous aggregation that is linked to the malfunction of different neuropathological proteins. Despite the emergence of new literature suggesting that autophagy plays a major role in fighting glycation-derived damage by removing cytosolic AGEs, excessive glycative stress might also negatively impact autophagic function. In this mini-review, we provide insight on the status of present knowledge regarding the role of autophagy in brain physiology and pathophysiology, with an emphasis on the cytoprotective role of autophagic function to ameliorate the adverse effects of glycation-derived damage in neurons, glia, and neuron-glia interactions.
ENO3 Inhibits Growth and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cui Honglei , Guo Danfeng , Zhang Xiaodan , Zhu Yaohua , Wang Zhihui , Jin Yang , Guo Wenzhi , Zhang Shuijun
Published: December 2021

β-enolase (ENO3) is a metalloenzyme that functions during glycolysis and has been revealed ectopic expression in different cancers. However, the function and underlying modulatory mechanisms of ENO3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still elusive. Here, we discovered that ENO3 was remarkably down-regulated in human HCC tissue in contrast to those in noncancerous tissue. Moreover, low expression of ENO3 was related to the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Overexpression of ENO3 suppressed proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo, whereas knocking down ENO3 led to the opposite effect. In addition, we revealed that ENO3 repressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process with its biomarker variations. Mechanistic research unveiled that ENO3 suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signal, which subsequently modulated the transcription of its target genes associated with the proliferation and metastasis capacity of HCC cells. Taken together, our study uncovered that ENO3 acted as a tumor inhibitor in HCC development and implied ENO3 as a promising candidate for HCC treatment.
CCRL2 Modulates Physiological and Pathological Angiogenesis During Retinal Development
Authors: Ben Dhaou Cyrine , Del Prete Annalisa , Sozzani Silvano , Parmentier Marc
Published: December 2021

Chemerin is a multifunctional protein involved in the regulation of inflammation, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. It binds to three receptors, CMKLR1, GPR1 and CCRL2. CMKLR1 is a fully functional receptor mediating most of the known activities of chemerin. CCRL2 does not seem to couple to any intracellular signaling pathway and is presently considered as an atypical receptor able to present the protein to cells expressing CMKLR1. CCRL2 is expressed by many cell types including leukocyte subsets and endothelial cells, and its expression is strongly upregulated by inflammatory stimuli. We recently reported that chemerin can negatively regulate the angiogenesis process, including during the development of the vascular network in mouse retina. The role of CCRL2 in angiogenesis was unexplored so far. In the present work, we demonstrate that mice lacking CCRL2 exhibit a lower density of vessels in the developing retina and this phenotype persists in adulthood, in a CMKLR1-dependent manner. Vascular sprouting was not affected, while vessel pruning, and endothelial cell apoptosis were increased. Pathological angiogenesis was also reduced in CCRL2-/- mice in a model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. The phenotype closely mimics that of mice overexpressing chemerin, and the concentration of chemerin was found elevated in the blood of newborn mice, when the retinal vasculature develops. CCRL2 appears therefore to regulate the distribution and concentration of chemerin in organs, regulating thereby its bioactivity.
Deciphering the Mechanism of Gilteritinib Overcoming Lorlatinib Resistance to the Double Mutant I1171N/F1174I in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
Authors: Liang Shuai , Wang Qing , Qi Xuesen , Liu Yudi , Li Guozhen , Lu Shaoyong , Mou Linkai , Chen Xiangyu
Published: December 2021

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is validated as a therapeutic molecular target in multiple malignancies, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the feasibility of targeted therapies exerted by ALK inhibitors is inevitably hindered owing to drug resistance. The emergence of clinically acquired drug mutations has become a major challenge to targeted therapies and personalized medicines. Thus, elucidating the mechanism of resistance to ALK inhibitors is helpful for providing new therapeutic strategies for the design of next-generation drug. Here, we used molecular docking and multiple molecular dynamics simulations combined with correlated and energetical analyses to explore the mechanism of how gilteritinib overcomes lorlatinib resistance to the double mutant ALK I1171N/F1174I. We found that the conformational dynamics of the ALK kinase domain was reduced by the double mutations I1171N/F1174I. Moreover, energetical and structural analyses implied that the double mutations largely disturbed the conserved hydrogen bonding interactions from the hinge residues Glu1197 and Met1199 in the lorlatinib-bound state, whereas they had no discernible adverse impact on the binding affinity and stability of gilteritinib-bound state. These discrepancies created the capacity of the double mutant ALK I1171N/F1174I to confer drug resistance to lorlatinib. Our result anticipates to provide a mechanistic insight into the mechanism of drug resistance induced by ALK I1171N/F1174I that are resistant to lorlatinib treatment in NSCLC.
Revealing the Toxicity-Enhancing Essence of Glycyrrhiza on Genkwa Flos Based on Ultra-high-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Self-Assembled Supramolecular Technology
Authors: Yang Yuqin , Li Feifei , Yan Mengmeng , Chen Shan , Cai Desheng , Liu Xiaojing , Han Nana , Yuan Zhihua , Lu Jihui , Zhang Yaozhi , Ma Qiang , Wang Penglong , Lei Haimin
Published: December 2021

Researchers often focus on the mechanisms of synergistic agents, a few explore drug combinations that enhance toxicity, while few have studied the internal mechanism of compatibility enhancement in chemical level. Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) and a self-assembled supramolecular strategy, which reveals the toxicity-enhancing essence of glycyrrhizic acid originated in licorice when combined with Genkwa Flos. Through this method, we discovered the toxicity was enhanced through the formation of a supramolecular complex from Genkwa Flos/glycyrrhizic acid. The morphology and size distribution of the self-assembled nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering Furthermore, a total of 58 constituents (eight diterpenoids, 35 flavonoids, five phenylpropanoids, four nucleosides, two amino acids, and four other compounds) consisted from the supramolecular complex were identified through accurate-mass measurements in full-scan MS/data-dependent MS/MS mode. Based on the hydrophobic interaction of glycyrrhizic acid with yuanhuacine (one of main ingredients from Genkwa Flos), the supramolecular self-assembly mechanism was revealed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and NOESY 2D NMR. The toxicity of Genkwa Flos and Genkwa Flos/glycyrrhizic acid supramolecular complex were compared through in vitro studies on L-02 cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining was performed to further confirm the enhancement inhibition of Genkwa Flos/glycyrrhizic acid supramolecular complex than Genkwa Flos. This study provides fundamental scientific evidence of the formation of a self-assembled phytochemical supramolecular when Genkwa Flos and glycyrrhizic acid are combined, enabling to understand their clinical incompatibility and contraindication.
Mechanism of the Gut Microbiota Colonization Resistance and Enteric Pathogen Infection
Authors: Khan Israr , Bai Yanrui , Zha Lajia , Ullah Naeem , Ullah Habib , Shah Syed Rafiq Hussain , Sun Hui , Zhang Chunjiang
Published: December 2021

The mammalian gut microbial community, known as the gut microbiota, comprises trillions of bacteria, which co-evolved with the host and has an important role in a variety of host functions that include nutrient acquisition, metabolism, and immunity development, and more importantly, it plays a critical role in the protection of the host from enteric infections associated with exogenous pathogens or indigenous pathobiont outgrowth that may result from healthy gut microbial community disruption. Microbiota evolves complex mechanisms to restrain pathogen growth, which included nutrient competition, competitive metabolic interactions, niche exclusion, and induction of host immune response, which are collectively termed colonization resistance. On the other hand, pathogens have also developed counterstrategies to expand their population and enhance their virulence to cope with the gut microbiota colonization resistance and cause infection. This review summarizes the available literature on the complex relationship occurring between the intestinal microbiota and enteric pathogens, describing how the gut microbiota can mediate colonization resistance against bacterial enteric infections and how bacterial enteropathogens can overcome this resistance as well as how the understanding of this complex interaction can inform future therapies against infectious diseases.
Bodies and Documents: The Material Impact of Collaborative Information- Sharing Within the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program
Authors: Clause Courtney Jane
Published: December 2021

This study examines information-sharing practices within the Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program (SAWP), focusing on the program as it is administered within Ontario. I analyze 61 documents for their content, codification of stakeholder relationships, and discourse regarding the program. Documents were selected based on their creation, use, or circulation within Ontario, and based on the likelihood that at least one stakeholder group would look to the document for (what they perceive to be) reliable information. Documents include, for example, SAWP contracts, webpages describing program requirements, and e-pamphlets on workplace safety and accessing services. Document analysis was supplemented by interviews with industry and service provider experts, which guided interpretation of documents’ significance. I argue that documents function as material actors, alongside (and sometimes beyond) human actors, and make physical impact on SAWP bodies and realities. Documents construct and uphold neoliberal structures surrounding the program by contributing to the creation and sustaining of incomplete, labour-centric individuals. Through consistent sharing of narrow, “work” information, and the rare inclusion of more well-rounded, “non-work” knowledge, documents subtly discipline the boundaries of acceptable and unacceptable communication. In doing so, material actors (alongside other SAWP actors) perpetuate a foreign worker program which does not consider the varied, complex needs of whole persons but, instead, treats them as disposable labouring bodies.
Efficacy and Safety of Non-recommended Dose of New Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kong Xiangyun , Zhu Yong , Pu Lianmei , Meng Shuai , Zhao Lihan , Zeng Wei , Sun Weiyan , Wu Guangming , Li Hong
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The real-world treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) often involves the prescription of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) using dosing both lower and higher than recommended guidelines. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-recommended dosage of NOACs in AF patients.

Methods: A systematic search was performed for relevant studies across multiple electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials Registry) from inception to May 1, 2021. Multicenter randomized trials and observational studies were selected with key reporting measures for inclusion involved efficacy outcomes including stroke or systemic thromboembolism along with safety endpoints assessing major or clinically relevant bleeding events.

Results: A total of 11 eligible studies were included involving 48,648 patients receiving recommended dose of NOACs and 50,116 patients receiving non-recommended dosage. Compared to AF patients treated with recommended dose regimens, administration of low dose of NOACs was associated with higher risk of stroke/systemic embolism (RR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.14–1.35, P < 0.00001), but without reducing bleeding risk (RR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.91–1.53, P = 0.21) and a higher risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.25–1.99, P = 0.0001). Moreover, high dose of NOACs was associated with higher risk of stroke and systemic embolism efficacy (RR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.06–2.76, P = 0.03) and a non-significant trend to a greater risk of major or clinically relevant bleeding (RR = 1.57, 95% CI 0.96–2.58, P = 0.07).

Conclusions: AF patients treated with low dose of NOACs showed equivalent safety but with worse efficacy compared with recommended dose. High dose of NOACs was not superior to recommended dose regimens in preventing stroke/systemic embolism outcomes in AF patients.
The Mechanism of Ajmaline and Thus Brugada Syndrome: Not Only the Sodium Channel!
Authors: Monasky Michelle M. , Micaglio Emanuele , D'Imperio Sara , Pappone Carlo
Published: December 2021

Ajmaline is an anti-arrhythmic drug that is used to unmask the type-1 Brugada syndrome (BrS) electrocardiogram pattern to diagnose the syndrome. Thus, the disease is defined at its core as a particular response to this or other drugs. Ajmaline is usually described as a sodium-channel blocker, and most research into the mechanism of BrS has centered around this idea that the sodium channel is somehow impaired in BrS, and thus the genetics research has placed much emphasis on sodium channel gene mutations, especially the gene SCN5A, to the point that it has even been suggested that only the SCN5A gene should be screened in BrS patients. However, pathogenic rare variants in SCN5A are identified in only 20–30% of cases, and recent data indicates that SCN5A variants are actually, in many cases, prognostic rather than diagnostic, resulting in a more severe phenotype. Furthermore, the misconception by some that ajmaline only influences the sodium current is flawed, in that ajmaline actually acts additionally on potassium and calcium currents, as well as mitochondria and metabolic pathways. Clinical studies have implicated several candidate genes in BrS, encoding not only for sodium, potassium, and calcium channel proteins, but also for signaling-related, scaffolding-related, sarcomeric, and mitochondrial proteins. Thus, these proteins, as well as any proteins that act upon them, could prove absolutely relevant in the mechanism of BrS.
Effect of Temperature on Tooth Staining by 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate
Authors: Carey Clifton M. , Yagudayev Arthur , Font Kerri
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Natural color of dentin is affected by many variables, including anatomical variations, age, how much dentin is exposed, or how much enamel is covering the dentin. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) has been observed to cause tooth staining, especially of exposed dentin. Risk factors for CHX staining include the amount of time for CHX utilization amongst others. Interestingly, the temperature of the rinse when used has been identified as a risk factor. However, no evidence of the effect of temperature is available in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on dentin staining due to CHX exposure.

Methods: Two studies were done. The first a pilot study at room temperature to determine the time needed to establish staining solutions, a method to evaluate stain intensity, and establish the time needed to stain dentin samples in vitro. The second study exposed dentin samples on a twice daily basis to a 1 min soak in CHX at different temperatures, followed by a period in an unstimulated saliva mixed with black tea mixture. Temperatures tested were 4, 23, 37 and 50°C. Control samples were exposed to only black tea and saliva (no CHX) and tested at 23°C.

Results: The pilot study found that the combination of CHX and black tea causes dentin staining. From this data the sample size needed for the second experiment was calculated, requiring 12 samples per group. Sixty dentin samples were divided amongst 5 groups. The data from this study showed significant darkening of the dentin samples over 18 days. The 4 and 23°C CHX rinses resulted in significant staining compared to the control samples. The 37 and 50°C CHX rinses did not stain significantly more than the control samples.

Conclusions: Chlorhexidine has the ability to cause tooth staining in the presence of chromogens such as those in black tea. Significant darkening was observed at lower temperatures (4 and 23°C) over 18 days, therefore dental professionals may wish to advise gently warming the CHX rinse toward 37°C prior to use to reduce the risk of staining.
Climatic and Morphometric Explanatory Variables of Glacier Changes in the Andes (8–55°S): New Insights From Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Caro Alexis , Condom Thomas , Rabatel Antoine
Published: December 2021

Over the last decades, glaciers across the Andes have been strongly affected by a loss of mass and surface areas. This increases risks of water scarcity for the Andean population and ecosystems. However, the factors controlling glacier changes in terms of surface area and mass loss remain poorly documented at watershed scale across the Andes. Using machine learning methods (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, known as LASSO), we explored climatic and morphometric variables that explain the spatial variance of glacier surface area variations in 35 watersheds (1980–2019), and of glacier mass balances in 110 watersheds (2000–2018), with data from 2,500 to 21,000 glaciers, respectively, distributed between 8 and 55°S in the Andes. Based on these results and by applying the Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) algorithm we identified new glacier clusters. Overall, spatial variability of climatic variables presents a higher explanatory power than morphometric variables with regards to spatial variance of glacier changes. Specifically, the spatial variability of precipitation dominates spatial variance of glacier changes from the Outer Tropics to the Dry Andes (8–37°S) explaining between 49 and 93% of variances, whereas across the Wet Andes (40–55°S) the spatial variability of temperature is the most important climatic variable and explains between 29 and 73% of glacier changes spatial variance. However, morphometric variables such as glacier surface area show a high explanatory power for spatial variance of glacier mass loss in some watersheds (e.g., Achacachi with r2 = 0.6 in the Outer Tropics, Río del Carmen with r2 = 0.7 in the Dry Andes). Then, we identified a new spatial framework for hydro-glaciological analysis composed of 12 glaciological zones, derived from a clustering analysis, which includes 274 watersheds containing 32,000 glaciers. These new zones better take into account different seasonal climate and morphometric characteristics of glacier diversity. Our study shows that the exploration of variables that control glacier changes, as well as the new glaciological zones calculated based on these variables, would be very useful for analyzing hydro-glaciological modelling results across the Andes (8–55°S).