bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on processing of blast furnace dust and sludge using reduction roasting and magnetic separation
Authors: Grudinsky P. I. , Yurtaeva A. A. , Volkov A. I. , Dyubanov V. G.
Published: December 2024

Blast furnace dust and sludge are by-products of ironmaking that contain high levels of iron and carbon, along with zinc. The increased zinc content complicates their recycling in the sintering and blast furnace processes, leading to their accumulation in waste dumps. This study investigates different treatment methods for recovering valuable elements from blast furnace dust (BFD) and blast furnace sludge (BFS) through reduction roasting and magnetic separation. Thermodynamic calculations and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate three approaches: magnetic separation without the roasting, as well as roasting stages to reduce iron to magnetite at 800 °C or metallic iron at 1200 °C, respectively. Direct magnetic separation without roasting and with the preliminary roasting at 800 °C resulted in magnetic concentrates of 49 – 63 % Fe from the BFD and BFS samples, but with elevated zinc content. The best results were achieved using reduction roasting at 1200 °C for 120 min, followed by grinding the samples to –0.054 mm and magnetic separation with a magnetic field of 0.1 T. As a result, the metallized magnetic concentrate containing 73.8 % Fe and 0.048 % Zn was obtained from the BFS sample (initially containing 39.5 % Fe and 0.31 % Zn), while a concentrate containing 80 % Fe and 0.019 % Zn was produced from the BFD sample (initially containing 44.6 % Fe and 0.31 % Zn). The iron recovery into the concentrates for the BFS and BFD samples was 92.8 and 89.7 %, respectively. The proposed approach can produce valuable materials for ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy from these by-products, increase the efficiency of sintering and blast furnace processes, and reduce waste accumulation.
Mineralogical and granulometric composition of soils formed on the surface of iron ore tailings dumps
Authors: Belanov I. P. , Shipilova A. M. , Mezentseva O. P.
Published: December 2024

Hydraulic dumps for storing waste from primary and secondary iron ore processing (tailings dumps) were selected as objects for research. In the course of the study, data on the mineralogical composition of soil-forming rock samples of technogenic landscapes were obtained. This indicator is one of the main factors of soil formation when considering lithology at a lower hierarchical level. The mineralogical composition influences the content and ratio of nutrients and toxicants in soils, ion exchange processes, soil resistance to degradation and overall soil fertility. The mineralo­gical composition is the matrix of soil formation and regulates the transformation, migration and accumulation of matter, energy and information of the external environment and anthropogenic impact in the soil. The hydraulic filling method of waste storage has an impact on the spatial distribution of material in tailings dumps. First of all, a contrasting addition in terms of granulometric composition is distinguished due to the deposition of particles in aqueous conditions under the influence of a gravitational field. The deposition rate depends on the mass, size, shape and density of the particle substance, viscosity and density of the medium, as well as on acceleration, gravity and centrifugal forces acting on the particles. Despite a significant amount of research on the effect of mineralogical composition on soil development, this problem was not sufficiently studied. This determines the absence of generally accepted indicators of the development rate of soils formed on a man-made mineral substrate and the accumulation degree of biophilic elements in such soils.
VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF BEECH WOOD DETERMINED BY THE DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, KORENKOV V.V. , GUSEV A.A. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University; Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, TYURIN A.I. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, VASYUKOVA I.A. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, YUNAK M.A. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University, GOLOVIN YU.I. ,   Derzhavin Tambov State University; Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: December 2024

Using the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) method with the application of a harmonic oscillating load, the elastic modulus E' , loss modulus E ", and loss tangent tgδ in the microstructure of beech wood ( Fagus orientalis ) were determined. It was found that in the range of 0.01-66.66 Hz, no frequency dependence of all three studied characteristics was observed within the accuracy of the experiment. At the same time, the dependence of the elastic modulus E' on the static stress was established.
EXACT SOLUTIONS OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUASIPOTENTIAL EQUATION WITH RELATIVISTIC ANALOGUES OF HARMONIC OSCILLATOR POTENTIAL
Authors:   Francisk Scorina Gomel State University, PAULENKA A.V. ,   Gomel State Medical University, GRISHECHKIN YU.A. ,   Francisk Scorina Gomel State University, KAPSHAI V.N. ,   Francisk Scorina Gomel State University
Published: December 2024

This paper presents exact solutions for the two-dimensional Logunov-Tavkhelidze equation, which describes the bound states of systems of two scalar particles of identical mass. The solutions are obtained for four relativistic analogues of the harmonic oscillator potential in the momentum representation within the center-of-mass system. Partial wave functions in the momentum representation and conditions for the energy quantization of the two-particle system are found. The Fourier-Bessel transform is used to precisely determine the partial wave functions in the coordinate representation for the first two variants of the potential. For the other two variants, the partial wave functions are approximated both analytically and numerically. It is shown that for one of the potential variants, the partial wave functions in the coordinate representation possess an additional zero in comparison to the corresponding wave functions of the nonrelativistic harmonic oscillator.
STUDY OF STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED POROUS MATERIALS BASED ON TINI
Authors:   Tomsk State University, ANIKEEV C.G. ,   Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, KAFTARANOVA M.I. ,   Tomsk State University, KHODORENKO V.N. ,   Tomsk State University, ARTYUKHOVA N.V. ,   Tomsk State University, PAKHOLKINA S. ,   Tomsk State University, BOLSHEVICH E.A. ,   Tomsk State University, RYZHAKOVA V.G. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

Structural features and physical properties of initial and modified porous materials based on TiNi have been investigated. The pore space parameters: porosity and size distribution of pores and interstitial bridges were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy with the help of stereometric techniques. It is shown that it is possible to form the microporous surface of pore walls by chemical etching. It is established that the use of different etchant compositions and treatment modes allows to regulate the deformation and strength characteristics of the obtained porous material.
Numerical Modelling of Myocardial Infarction in Multivessel Coronary Lesion. II. Patterns of Formation of Large-Scale Damages and Structures
Authors: Voropaeva O.F. , Tsgoev Ch.A.
Published: December 2024

In this work, the basic mechanisms of myocardial infarction development during its inflammatory phase have been studied using mathematical modelling methods. Complex scenarios associated with multivessel lesions of the coronary bed and variability in baseline indicators of the innate immune system state have been considered. Special attention is paid to methodological issues related to the analysis of the effectiveness of the algorithm for approximate solutions of nonlinear initial-boundary value problems and setting up computational experiments under conditions close to the conditions of laboratory experiments in the field of interest.
A numerical analysis was performed of several of the most common variants in laboratory practice of the formation of a large lesion in the left ventricle of the mouse heart, caused by the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the properties of the environment, the immune reaction and ischemic myocardial damage, including recurrent infarction. The main attention is on the following aspects:
– analysis of the mechanism of formation of large-scale infarct damages with an extensive core covering almost the entire infarct focus, or with a relatively small core, and assessment of the role of inflammation in these processes;
– analysis of current scenarios of structure formation and the role of nonlinear dynamic structures of demarcation inflammation in the formation of a large but highly structured focus.
The obtained data allow us to conclude that there is sufficient conservatism during infarction, evidenced by the basic patterns of the inflammatory phase revealed during modeling. The variability of heart attack scenarios manifests itself as a «memory»-effect about the initial data. We observe the «memory»-effect only at a biologically significant time interval, but we also note a general tendency to switch to the usual scenario of inflammation in large-focal infarction, which eliminates the peculiarities of the initial and individual conditions.
The role of inflammation has been investigated in the context of a wave process in which spatial localization and the interaction of density and concentration waves can determine the main features of myocardial damage. In particular, within the framework of the adopted mathematical model, the conditions under which the formation of local zones with a relatively low or, conversely, high level of damage is possible have been described. In our work, we have established a significant interdependence between the formation of quasi-stationary structures and the intensity of the immune response. The high probability of developing severe or even terminal myocardial infarction may be due to the high level of immune system factors, in particular, monocytes-macrophages or cytokines in the reinfarction heart.
Sınıf Öğretmeni Adaylarının Çevre Eğitimi Öz-Yeterlik Algıları ile Sorumlu Çevresel Davranışları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Söğüt Şeyma , Karatekin Kadir
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırmada sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının çevre eğitimi öz-yeterlik algıları ile sorumlu çevresel davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modeli ile yürütülen çalışma 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim yılında sınıf eğitiminde öğrenim gören 231 öğretmen adayı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak çevre eğitimi öz-yeterlik ölçeği, çevre davranış ölçeği ve kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının çevre eğitimine yönelik öz-yeterliklerinin ve sorumlu çevresel davranışlarının orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmen adaylarının çevre davranışı ile çevre eğitimine yönelik öz-yeterlik, akademik yetkinlik algısı, sorumluluk algısı, öğretici yetkinlik algısı arasında orta düzeyde, yönlendirebilme algısı arasında ise düşük düzeyde pozitif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda çevre davranış ölçeği toplam puanının çevre eğitimine yönelik öz-yeterlik toplam puanı üzerine etkisine yönelik kurulan model ile çevre davranış ölçeği toplam puanının akademik yetkinlik, sorumluluk ve öğretici yetkinlik algı puanları üzerine etkisine yönelik kurulan modelin anlamlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar öğretmen adaylarının sorumlu çevresel davranışları arttıkça çevre eğitimi öz yeterlik inançlarının da güçlendiğini göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlara göre öğretmen adaylarının lisans eğitimleri süresince sorumlu çevresel davranışlarını özendirecek planlı etkinliklerin yapılmasının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
La lexicultura como referente oculto en la enseñanza del léxico en español lengua extranjera
Authors: María Pilar María Pilar , Morales-Cabezas Jerónimo
Published: December 2024

This paper on lexiculture as a hidden referent in lexical teaching in Spanish as a foreign language (SFL) highlights the importance of lexical teaching in language acquisition, underlining its relationship with culture. Here we study how cultural understanding enriches vocabulary learning and communication in SFL. It is highlighted that the lexicon reflects cultural realities, values and beliefs, which requires recognizing these connections for an effective use of terminology. It also examines how culture influences the lexicon and vice versa, from culture-specific terms to idiomatic expressions rooted in the culture.
Methodologically, the relationship between culture and lexicon is manifested in the expression of values, cultural identity, translation, cultural evolution, idiomatic expressions and social norms. Cultural terminology is essential to express significant aspects of a culture, such as food, festivities, kinship, idiomatic expressions of places, religion, traditional dress and nature. Therefore, the importance of adapting the lexicon to the cultural context under study without losing one's own identity is emphasized.
For the treatment of lexiculture in the classroom, cultural immersion and exchange are proposed as tools for understanding and using the cultural lexicon effectively. This analysis also outlines some strategies for the teaching-learning of lexis and culture in order to understand this intrinsic relationship and enrich linguistic competence. It also points out a series of lines of research on the academic horizon to broaden the study of the relationship between culture and lexicon, considering it to be profound and essential in the study of SFL and, above all, highlighting how the lexicon is shaped by the culture in which it is immersed.
A ESTRATÉGIA DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA EM TORNO DAS POLÊMICAS DA LEI ROUANET
Authors: Silva Júlio César , Neto Alexandre Rabelo
Published: December 2024

Esta pesquisa investigou, por meio de uma revisão sistemática de literatura, qual foi a estratégia da Administração Pública, nos últimos quatro anos (2019 a 2022), no sentido de minimizar os impactos decorrentes das polêmicas ao redor da Lei Rouanet. Assim, por meio de um arcabouço teórico, foram apresentadas as definições da referida norma legislativa, o contexto de crise da cultura e as estratégias da Administração Pública. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que, independentemente de posição ideológica, as estratégias utilizadas acabaram potencializando a crise no setor cultural e por consequência interpretações equivocadas, em relação à finalidade da Lei Rouanet.
EXPLORING CAREER REALITIES: ELEVATING GRADUATE EMPLOYABILITY THROUGH JOB SHADOWING
Authors: Kamis Hanaliza , Phan Jasmine, Ah Kiaw , Karunaharan Thanaraj Sheela , Gan Jen Ling
Published: December 2024

Many students in higher education institutions face significant challenges in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application within real-world work environments. The Job Shadowing program aims to provide participants with an immersive glimpse into the daily operations of different jobs and workplaces, offering invaluable insights into real-world work environments. As part of the program, students engage with startup companies for a total of eight hours, have the chance to observe firsthand how these businesses function and are tasked with a project to address. Upon completion, students present their findings to the organizations, then receive valuable feedback. The program's effectiveness is assessed and compared through pre- and post-program tests. It revealed a significant improvement with 60% of participating students demonstrating enhanced test scores. Overall, the performance of program participants surpassed that of their non-participating peers, underscoring the program’s impact on bridging the gap between academic theory and practical application.
Anxiety Experiences of Primary Schoolchildren at the End of the Primary School
Authors: Murzina N.P. , Ozhogova E.G.
Published: December 2024

This article is dedicated to studying the features of anxiety experienced by fourth graders at the end of their primary school stage. In the theoretical part of the article, the concept of “anxiety” is analyzed, its factors are highlighted, the features of changes in the social situation of the development and maturation of children at the stage of preparing and performing certification work based on the results of training in primary school (VPR), and its influence on the emotional state of 4th grade schoolchildren are outlined. The empirical part of the article is presented by a description of the results of a research aimed at studying not only school anxiety, but also other types of anxiety (general, self-esteem, interpersonal and magical) at the end of primary school. The sample consisted of 52 subjects: 23 boys and 29 girls. For diagnosis, the “Personal Anxiety Scale” method (A.M. Prikhozhan) and a diagnostic conversation were used. The diagnostic results serve as the basis for psychological prevention and correction of anxiety in 4th grade schoolchildren at the end of primary school, and act as guidelines for to determine guidelines for determining recommendations for the creation of psychological and pedagogical conditions for the successful adaptation of younger schoolchildren during the transition to secondary school.
Modern Standardization of L.A. Venger’s Methods Aimed at Diagnosing the Development of Mental Abilities and Voluntariness of Older Preschool Children
Authors: Denisenkova N.S. , Fedorov V.V.
Published: December 2024

The article describes the procedure and results of standardization and definition of norms for methods of diagnosing the level of mental development of children of two age groups (5-6 and 6-7 years old) (“Standards”, “Perceptual modeling”, “Schematization”, “Systematization”, “Educational activity”). The main indicators of the development of perception, visual-figurative and verbal-logical thinking, as well as the voluntariness of modern senior preschoolers are reflected. Diagnostic materials and evaluation scales in “raw” and standard glasses are given. The study involved 490 children: 223 5-6-year-old children (113 boys and 110 girls) and 267 6-7-year-old children (142 boys and 125 girls) who attended senior and preparatory kindergarten groups in Moscow, Veliky Novgorod, Podolsk, Smolensk, Khimki and three rural settlements of the Moscow region. As a result, modern average standards of mental development and arbitrariness for children aged 5-6 and 6-7 years were obtained. The techniques can be used to assess children’s readiness for school, identify individual differences and promote the child throughout the year, compare groups of preschoolers among themselves, etc.
The Model of Organizing the Educational Space of the School as a Point of Growth of Rural Development
Authors: Yumaguzhina G.R.
Published: December 2024

The main idea of the project is to design the educational space of the school as a training ground, which reflects the trends in the municipal and regional environment of today, which makes it possible for students to acquire “hard” and “soft” competencies. With this model of educational space, the main goal for students is to master the position of a designer who actively opens and builds his own professional educational trajectory, which helps to increase interest and motivation for learning, acts as an activating professional orientation. The implementation of activating vocational guidance becomes one of the factors motivating students to build their personal educational route. Career guidance is understood not as a highly specialized area of psychological knowledge or education, but as a means of socializing young people, forms the ability to professional self-determination, to goal-setting, based on an analysis of the situation on the labor market. Students acquire the skills of project thinking and the ability to build life plans taking into account their capabilities and tasks facing the region and the country.
REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Irbe Linda
Published: December 2024

Considering the development of technology, in recent years the regulation of Artificial Intelligence has become a central policy issue in the European Union (EU). Policymakers have committed to developing an approach to AI to ensure that Europeans can benefit from the new technologies that are developed and operate with them in accordance with EU values and principles. On March 13, 2024, the European Parliament approved the world’s first binding horizontal rules on AI. The purpose of this publication is to explore this EU-developed regulatory framework for Artificial Intelligence and understand the main principles and goals of the regulation, and to identify problems.
REFUSAL TO INITIATE THE CASSATION PROCEEDINGS IN CRIMINAL CASES: PROCEDURAL ASPECTS AND A PRACTICE OF THE SENATE
Authors: Ivulāne Kristīne
Published: December 2024

The decision on refusing to initiate cassation proceedings, like any other decision made by the court of cassation, has the fundamental importance both in ensuring the rights of the individual and in the uniform interpretation and application of legal norms. On October 25, 2018, the law „Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law” entered into force, by which procedural order of initiation of the cassation proceedings in criminal cases have been significantly changed. Decision on refusing to initiate cassation proceedings has to be made collegially by three judges and it shall be motivated. The Senate's practice of refusal to initiate cassation proceedings continues to develop. The aim of the research is to study the legal framework and the Senate’s practice in refusing of initiation cassation proceedings.
EXPLORING REVENUE GENERATION MECHANISM IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF MONETIZATION METHODS
Authors: Mikučiūnaitė Urtė
Published: December 2024

These days, the world is constantly changing: various innovations, digitization, and new business models are rapidly developing in every country. However, the focus is mostly on digitization, where efforts are made to eliminate physical information providers and transfer all knowledge to the electronic space. As a result, most young entrepreneurs choose to start businesses by using mobile applications, but just a few delve into how these apps can generate income. The aim of this article is to analyze seven main business strategies to generate money, which are app sales, in-app purchases, in-app advertising, subscription models, freemium model, affiliate marketing, and data monetization that individuals can employ to generate income from mobile apps. Using the method of literature source analysis, it was determined that the monetizing method from apps depends on the purpose and type of the application, making it impossible to highlight the best income generation method. Therefore, it is crucial for young entrepreneurs to recognize that understanding how programs generate income is not only beneficial in personal life but also essential for developing business skills for the future.
A New Approach to Automatic Detection of Tactile Coating Surfaces with Deep Learning
Authors: Karakan Abdil
Published: December 2024

In this study, tactile coating surfaces of visually impaired individuals were detected using the deep learning method. For this detection, 4 of the You Only Look Once (YOLO) architectures, one of the best deep learning methods, were used. No ready data set was used in the study. A unique and new data set was prepared for the study. For the data set, 6278 images were taken from tactile coating surfaces. Images for real-time applications were obtained from many different environments. The tactile coating surfaces in the pictures were labelled separately. A total of 9184 tags were made. The dataset was implemented in YOLOv5, YOLOv6, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8 architectures. The highest accuracy was achieved in the YOLOv8 architecture with an accuracy rate of 97%, F1-Score of 0.940, and mAP@.5 of 0.977. The model was applied with k-fold cross-validation to evaluate performance measurements. In order for the study to be used in real-time, the frame per second (FPS) was increased to 150.
Design, Fabrication, and Piezoelectric Performance Evaluation of a Nanogenerator for Vibrational Energy Harvesters
Authors: Paralı Levent
Published: December 2024

In recent years, to provide power for wearable electronics, the mechanical energy obtained from environmental conditions through the piezoelectric nanogenerator into electricity has attracted interest. In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), lead zirconium titanate (PZT), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) based piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENs) were fabricated using electrospinning method. The experimental results evaluated using Thevenin’s, Norton’s, and the maximum power transfer theorems exhibited that the PVDF/PZT/GNP-based PEN had a 2.76 times greater electrical power efficiency (0.24 µW) at the resonance frequency of 20 Hz compared to that of the PEN based on the pure PVDF (0.09 µW) at the vibrational frequency of 25 Hz. The piezoelectric energy harvesters are highly suitable as self-powered wearable motion sensors because of the direct relationship between the vibration frequency and the generated output power.
Capsular contracture in the modern era of combined breast cancer treatment: a multidisciplinary perspective on incidence and risk factors
Authors: Ulrikh Daria G. , Krivorotko Petr V. , Bryantseva Zhanna V. , Pesotsky Roman S. , Zernov Konstantin Yu. , Bondarchuk Yana I. , Amirov Nikolay S. , Enaldieva Diana A. , Tabagua Tengiz T. , Akulova Irina A. , Levchenko Valery E. , Novikov Sergey N. , Semiglazov Vladimir F.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Implant-based breast reconstruction in contrast to autologous reconstruction often requires revision surgery and ultimately leads to reconstructive failure, especially in adjuvant radiation therapy. Capsular contracture remains the most common complication leading to unsatisfactory aesthetic results. To date, there is no therapeutic target for the direct treatment of capsular contracture, which emphasizes the importance of its prevention.
AIM: To determine the incidence and risk factors of capsular contracture in the era of multidisciplinary breast cancer treatment using modern surgical and therapeutic approaches.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following retrospective study included 416 patients after mastectomy with immediate or delayed implant-based breast reconstruction in combination with adjuvant radiation therapy. Features of the surgical intervention, neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant systemic therapy were analyzed to determine the association with the risk of developing capsular contracture.
RESULTS: Capsular contracture during alloplastic reconstructive plastic surgery with adjuvant radiation therapy, according to the literature, is a common complication with a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis. Despite the low incidence of capsular contracture III–IV Baker scale in the present study (7.7%, 32/416), the majority of patients required revision surgery (90.6%, 29/32). There was no correlation between risk of capsular contracture depending on the systemic treatment (z 1.96).
CONCLUSIONS: The development of capsular contracture was significantly influenced by nipple-sparing mastectomy (13.7%, 22/167; z = 3.25) and the choice of periareolar access during surgery (29.6%, 13/44; z 1.96). Immediate one-stage reconstructions are associated with a significant number of capsular contractures (15.2%, 24/158; z 1.96), which statistically significantly depend on the subpectoral location of the endoprosthesis (22.1%, 21/95; z = 2.79) and choice of textured implants (20.8%, 22/106; z = 2.02).
The applicability of cardiopulmonary exercise testing of young obese adults
Authors: Kelekhsaev Petr A. , Varaeva Yurgita R. , Kislyak Oxana A. , Starodubova Antonina V.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In this regard, the early detection of cardio-vascular disfunction among young adults is an important issue. This problem can be solved by the cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the applicability of cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess the functional cardiovascular state in young and obese adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 84 young participants (18–44 years), 39% men, underwent a comprehensive examination including anthropometry, spirometry and cardiopulmonary exercise testing using a graded protocol in the period 2021–2022. Four groups of cardiopulmonary exercise testing indicators were assessed: metabolic, cardiovascular, ventilatory and pulmonary gas exchange parameters.
RESULTS: 35 participants (42%) were obese, 36 participants (43%) were smokers. The obesity had a negative impact on cardiovascular parameters of cardiopulmonary exercise testing: relative oxygen pulse on maximum load (60% vs. 72%, p = 0.004), heart rate on maximum load (86% vs. 90%, p = 0.024), maximum systolic blood pressure (181 mmHg vs. 156 mmHg, p 0.001) and maximum diastolic blood pressure (92 mmHg vs. 83 mmHg, p = 0.040).
CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, especially assessing cardiovascular parameters, in young adults is in high practical interest for the functional cardiovascular status examination of individuals with obesity, smokers, and, particularly, in the case of their combination.
Heart failure and netosis: a modern view of pathophysiology and treatment methods
Authors: Rashidova Seda S. , Morgoeva Diana A. , Tuganova Agunda Z. , Albastova Diana T. , Bagaeva Victoria T. , Dzaparova Amina A. , Taugazova Lyudmila A. , Ataeva Yana V. , Krupnova Ekaterina I. , Shakhramanov Arkady E. , Kodzaeva Irina A. , Abuev Islam A. , Aidaeva Tamila A. , Abduvalieva Mizhgona Sh.
Published: December 2024

Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of chronic cardiac insufficiency in the Russian Federation has increased from 6.1 to 8.2%. Chronic, mild inflammation is also one of the main factors affecting the development and progression of chronic cardiac insufficiency. The purpose of the review is to analyze the literature data on the role of netosis in the pathogenesis of chronic cardiac insufficiency, as well as to consider new potential possibilities of chronic cardiac insufficiency therapy. As a result of the research search, 3366 publications were extracted from PubMed and 2223 publications found using Google Scholar. The search queries included the following keywords and their combinations: “netosis”, “neutrophil extracellular traps”, “NET”, “heart failure”, “myocardial infarction”, “atrial fibrillation”, “coronary heart disease”, “myocarditis”. The mechanisms of neutrophil extracellular traps formation and their contribution to the development of chronic cardiac insufficiency certainly require further study. In particular, the direct role of netosis in the development of fibrosis, hypertrophy and dysfunction of the left ventricle is still unknown. However, recent genetic and pharmacological studies show that inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase and peptidylargine deiminase can be effective, at least in chronic cardiac insufficiency in conditions of unfavorable remodeling after myocardial infarction, heart valve diseases and decompensated ventricular hypertrophy, the deterioration of which leads to the development of chronic cardiac insufficiency. These results are important for understanding the role of netosis in the pathophysiology of chronic cardiac insufficiency and developing new methods of its treatment.
Experimental assessment of the neurotoxicity of antitumor drugs in Danio rerio fish
Authors: Zairkhanova Khadizha A. , Virina Natalia V. , Nogaeva Sabina G. , Kachanov Dmitry A. , Sergeeva Tatiana А.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Neurotoxicity is one of the specific complications of antitumor therapy, which is a serious problem both during the therapy itself and when creating models for its study. Behavioral tests on Danio rerio fish act as an excellent model for creating neurotoxicity and allow to evaluate it in the shortest possible time.
AIM: To evaluate the neurotoxic properties of the anticancer drugs doxorubicin and oxaliplatin on Danio rerio (zebrafish) fish through behavioral tests and their evaluation using a program for manual processing of animal behavior.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 45 adult Danio rerio fish were used in the study. Three groups were formed: control group (n = 15), experimental group No. 1 (n = 15) — doxorubicin, experimental group No. 2 (n = 15) — oxaliplatin. A specific dose of the drug was selected for each experimental group. After completing the course of drugs, behavioral tests were conducted, which were recorded on a video camera and processed in the RealTimer application. All tests were repeated three days later to detect reversible neurotoxicity.
RESULTS: As a result of the effects of the antitumor drugs doxorubicin and oxaliplatin on Danio rerio fish, neurotoxic abnormalities were detected, which were noticed during behavioral tests: “Social interaction”, “Social preference” and “Aggression”. In the case of doxorubicin, the fish showed severe irritability and high activity, while the fish treated with oxaliplatin showed inhibition and frequent cases of freezing.
CONCLUSIONS: During the experiment, a new model was developed and tested to study the neurotoxicity of antitumor drugs on Danio rerio (zebrafish) fish. In addition to confirming the neurotoxicity of antitumor drugs, reversible nephrotoxicity of oxaliplatin was obtained. The study showed the possibility of using the program to evaluate test results in Danio rerio (zebrafish) fish.
Treatment of patients with periodontitis accompanied by halitosis with the use of bacterial drugs
Authors: Kravets Olga N. , Alekseeva Maria A. , Kosolap Polina D. , Surdina Elina D.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Chronic generalized periodontitis is often accompanied by halitosis (ozostomy), which has a significant impact on the psycho-emotional state, social status of patients and reduces their quality of life. Synbiotic complexes are able to selectively affect the pathogenic microbiota, reducing her activity, thereby eliminating the phenomena of ozostomy.
AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of a synbiotic complex based on the lysate of Streptococcus thermophilus in the treatment of mild chronic generalized periodontitis accompanied by halitosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity and phenomena of halitosis were examined. The periodontal status was determined using Plaque Index, Papillary-marginal-alveolar Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index, and measuring the depth of periodontal pockets. The level of halitosis was determined by the method of organoleptic assessment of oral odor according to R. Seemann, a test with a floss and a napkin, a psychophysical assessment of odor according to the M. Rosenberg scale, the assessment of plaque on the tongue using the Winkel Tongue Coating Index. In the main group, complex treatment was performed with the inclusion of a synbiotic complex based on the lysate of Streptococcus thermophilus. The control group of the patients did not receive the synbiotic complex.
RESULTS: After the therapy, both groups showed an improvement in the condition of periodontal tissues, a decrease in the level of halitosis in the patients and a statistically significant change in the main clinical parameters studied. Moreover, in the patients of the main group, 3 months after the start of therapy, the degree of ozostomy was 2.8 times lower than in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of a synbiotic complex based on the lysate of the culture of Streptococcus thermophilus in the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity, accompanied by halitosis, increases the effectiveness of traditional therapy.
Implementation of the Peruvian Earthquake Early Warning System
Authors: Lara Pablo , Tavera Hernando , Bletery Quentin , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Inza Adolfo , Portugal David , Orihuela Benazir , Meza Fernando
Published: December 2024

We present the implementation and testing of the seismological components of the Peruvian earthquake early warning system (Sistema de Alerta Sísmica Peruano [SASPe]). SASPe is designed to send alert messages to areas located within a given distance from the epicenter of large (magnitude ≥6.0) subduction earthquakes, with a first alert based on data available 3 s after the arrival of the P wave on the nearest station. The system comprises a dedicated network of 111 strong motion stations installed along the Peruvian coast. During over 2 yr of testing, the magnitude estimates are virtually unbiased, with no false positives or false negatives. In the most critical virtual scenarios of earthquakes occurring within 57 km of populated areas, SASPe can provide user lead times of up to 8 s. For more distant areas (from 70 to 120 km), lead times range from 10 to 20 s. Once the construction of the alert broadcasting system by the civil defense authority is finalized, SASPe will provide warning to 18 million residents of the coast of Peru. We validate the algorithm of the system on recent major earthquakes in Peru and other regions, demonstrating its effectiveness and versatility for global deployment.
Riesgo de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Estilo de Vida y el Estado Nutricional en estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición
Authors: Cabrera González Diana Birila , Escobar Acevedo Sofia Montserrat , Meza Paredes Johana Vanessa , Velázquez Comelli Patricia Carolina , Burgos Larroza Rodrigo Octavio
Published: December 2024

Introducción:

Los estudiantes de nutrición, debido a las exigencias del ambiente forman parte de un grupo de riesgo en lo que refiere a enfermedades del comportamiento alimentario, por lo que pueden presentar alteraciones en su estilo de vida e impactar en su estado nutricional.

Objetivo:

Identificar el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, el estilo de vida y el estado nutricional de estudiantes de la carrera de Nutrición de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción en los meses de noviembre y diciembre del año 2021.

Métodos:

Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal realizado en 55 estudiantes, a través de un muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos; el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria fue valorado mediante el Eating Attitudes Test - 26, el estilo de vida a través del cuestionario de Perfil del Estilo de Vida Promotor de la Salud II y, el estado nutricional a partir de datos antropométricos de peso y talla y el posterior cálculo del Índice de Masa Corporal.

Resultados:

El 76% de la muestra correspondió al sexo femenino, con edad promedio de 21,8±2,1 años; el 20% de los estudiantes se encontraba con riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Según el Perfil del Estilo de Vida Promotor de la Salud II, el 76,36% presentó un estilo de vida regular; según el Índice de Masa Corporal, 70,91% de los estudiantes se encontraba con peso normal y 25,45% con sobrepeso.

Conclusión:

Los estudiantes de nutrición presentaron riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en menor proporción, pero en concordancia con estudios que muestran mayor prevalencia en futuros nutricionistas que en estudiantes de carreras no relacionadas a la salud; junto con un estado nutricional normal y estilo de vida regular en su mayor parte.
Intramedullary osteosynthesis for pediatric forearm re-fractures depending on the time of occurrence
Authors: Kosimov A. A. , Hodzhanov I. Yu.
Published: December 2024

Background Tactical and technical errors in repair of pediatric forearm fractures can be associated with various complications including refractures. There are many questions regarding diagnosis (osteoreparation at the time of the occurrence) and in surgical treatment.

The objective was to improve outcomes of pediatic forearm refractures treated with intramedullary osteosynthesis considering a osteoreparation period and the time of the occurrence.

Material and methods There were 48 children with forearm refractures treated in the clinic between 2010 and  2020. The patients were divided into two groups. Patients of group 1 (n = 25) were treated with intramedullary osteosynthesis neglecting the regenerative process and the timing of refracture relative to  the  primary fracture. Patients of group 2 (n = 23) sustained a recurrent fracture at 6 months of early osteoregeneration with developing callosity. Re-fracture occurred in 19 (76.0 %) patients of group 1 including six children (24 %) with two or greater occurrences. Recurrence was observed in 16 (69.6 %) cases of group 2 including seven patients (30.4 %) who sustained more than two fractures.

Results The timing of re-fractures, immobilization and gradual removal of fixation components can facilitate improved short- and long-term results of surgical treatment and prevent complications that were evident in 22 (95.6 %) children of group 2 with good results observed at 6 months.

Discussion The calluses were replete with blood vessels indicating the normal regeneration for fractures that  occurred at 6 months of the initial fracture. No vessels in the callus were seen after 6 months due to resorption of the bundles and poor fracture healing.

Conclusion The outcome of re-consolidation would be dependent on the stage of bone regeneration at the time of forearm refracture. The regeneration process was more effective in the early stage of re-fracture.
Clinical results of using a silver-containing preparation as part of an antimicrobial spacer in the treatment of periprosthetic hip joint infection
Authors: Bozhkova S. A. , Gadzhimagomedov M. Sh. , Tikhilov R. M. , Artyukh V. A. , Antipov A. P. , Afanasyev A. V. , Toropov S. S. , Muravyeva Yu. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction Periprosthetic infection (PPI) is one of the most serious complications of primary arthroplasty. Its rates range between 1.1 and 2 %. This study presents a comparative analysis of the results of the sanitizing stage of two-stage treatment of patients with chronic PPI of the hip joint (HJ) using an antimicrobial spacer impregnated with highly dispersed silver and without its impregnation.

Purpose To conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of using HD-Ag for impregnation of an antimicrobial spacer in patients with chronic PPI HJ during the sanitizing stage.

Materials and methods A retrospective study is based on the analysis of the treatment outcomes of 223 patients with PPI HJ with antimicrobial spacers implanted during the sanitizing stage. Two groups of patients were formed based on the impregnation of bone cement with only an antibiotic or its combination with HD-Ag, group 1 (n = 112) and group 2 (n = 111), respectively. The evaluation of the treatment outcomes at  a  follow-up period of at least 2 years was carried out in accordance with the modified Delphi criteria. The reliability of differences in quantitative parameters between the groups was analyzed using nonparametric Mann – Whitney test, whereas Fisher test was used to analyze relative indicators. The differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.

Results The spectrum of pathogens was comparable in both groups. The recurrence rate in groups 1 and 2 was 23.2 % and 17.1 %, respectively (p > 0.05), while for monobacterial infection caused by gram-positive bacteria it was significantly lower in group 2 (p = 0.012).

Discussion As reported, the recurrence rate of periprosthetic infection varies from 8 to 40 %, depending on the nature of the infectious process and the type of pathogen. In the group with the use of HD-Ag as part of an antimicrobial spacer, the effectiveness of the sanitizing stage was 82.9 % and in the comparison group it  was 76.8 %. However, a subanalysis of the effect of the etiology of PPIs on treatment results showed that  the  use of  AM-spacer with a combination of silver and vancomycin led to a statistically significant reduction in the risk of recurrence in patients with monobacterial infection caused by gram-positive pathogens and provided arrest of infection in 89.7 % of cases.

Conclusion In the sanitizing stage of two-stage treatment of chronic peri-implant hip infection caused by gram-positive bacteria, the antimicrobial cement spacer impregnated with highly dispersed silver showed high efficiency. However, further development of new combinations for bone cement impregnation is required to expand the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of the spacers.
Results of minimally invasive core decompression and autologous bone grafting in combination with autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate in the treatment of patients with aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Naida D. A. , Tyulkevich B. V. , Malanin D. A. , Kondrashenko V. V. , Demeshchenko M. V. , Chirkov N. N.
Published: December 2024

Introduction Currently, limb salvage methods have been used for the treatment of aseptic osteonecrosis of  the  femoral head (ANFH), but their use does not always avoid joint replacement in the later stages of the disease. The combination of core decompression and autologous bone grafting with autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) in the treatment of patients with ANFH could improve their quality of life, delay joint replacement, or, in some cases, avoid it completely.

Purpose To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of patients with ANFH using minimally invasive core decompression and autologous bone grafting in combination with BMAC, develop an algorithm for choosing a method of surgical treatment based on the extent of damage to the femoral head and the stage of the disease.

Material and methods A pilot multicenter study included 86 patients diagnosed with ANFH. All patients underwent minimally invasive core decompression in combination with autologous bone grafting and BMAC. Results were analyzed 3, 6, 12 months after surgery.

Discussion Due to the fact that the presented study included mainly patients with post-Covid and steroidinduced osteonecrosis, and did not include patients with the first stage of the disease, the  percentage of positive treatment results was slightly lower compared to other similar studies.

Results Within 3 to 6 months after surgery, 21 patients (24 %) required joint replacement; among the remaining 65 patients (76 %), there was a significant improvement in the condition and quality of life that was confirmed by instrumental studies and functional assessment.

Conclusion The technique of minimally invasive core decompression and autologous bone grafting in combination with BMAC is an effective method of treatment patients with pre-collapse ANFH stages, might improve their quality of life but does not allow regression of structural changes in the bone.