bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethics of Outbreaks Position Statement. Part 1: Therapies, Treatment Limitations, and Duty to Treat
Authors: Papadimos Thomas J. , Marcolini Evadne G. , Hadian Mehrnaz , Hardart George E. , Ward Nicholas , Levy Mitchell M. , Stawicki Stanislaw P. , Davidson Judy E.
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

Outbreaks of disease, especially those that are declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, present substantial ethical challenges. Here we start a discourse (with a continuation of the dialogue in Ethics of Outbreaks Position Statement. Part 2: Family-Centered Care) concerning the ethics of the provision of medical care, research challenges and behaviors during a Public Health Emergency of International Concern with a focus on the proper conduct of clinical or epidemiologic research, clinical trial designs, unregistered medical interventions (including vaccine introduction, devices, pharmaceuticals, who gets treated, vulnerable populations, and methods of data collection), economic losses, and whether there is a duty of health care providers to provide care in such emergencies, and highlighting the need to understand cultural diversity and local communities in these efforts.

Design:

Development of a Society of Critical Care Medicine position statement using literature review and expert consensus from the Society of Critical Care Medicine Ethics committee. The committee had representation from ethics, medical philosophy, critical care, nursing, internal medicine, emergency medicine, pediatrics, anesthesiology, surgery, and members with international health and military experience.

Setting:

Provision of therapies for patients who are critically ill or who have the potential of becoming critically ill, and their families, regarding medical therapies and the extent of treatments.

Population:

Critically ill patients and their families affected by a Public Health Emergency of International Concern that need provision of medical therapies.

Interventions:

Not applicable.

Main Results:

Interventions by high income countries in a Public Health Emergency of International Concern must always be cognizant of avoiding a paternalistic stance and must understand how families and communities are structured and the regional/local traditions that affect public discourse. Additionally, the obligations, or the lack of obligations, of healthcare providers regarding the treatment of affected individuals and communities must also be acknowledged. Herein, we review such matters and suggest recommendations regarding the ethics of engagement in an outbreak that is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
Predictors of Survival for Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Requiring Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy
Authors: Garan A. Reshad , Malick Waqas A. , Habal Marlena , Topkara Veli K. , Fried Justin , Masoumi Amirali , Hasan Aws K. , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Kirtane Ajay , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Farr Maryjane , Naka Yoshifumi , Burkhoff Dan , Colombo Paolo C. , Kurlansky Paul , Takayama Hiroo , Takeda Koji
Published: October 2018

Chronic systolic heart failure (HF) with acute decompensation can result in cardiogenic shock (CS) requiring short-term mechanical circulatory support. We sought to identify predictors of survival for acute decompensated HF (ADHF) patients requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Patients >18 years old treated at our institution with VA-ECMO from 2009 to 2018 for ADHF with CS were studied. Demographic, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic data were collected. The primary outcome was survival to discharge. Fifty-two patients received VA-ECMO for ADHF with CS; 24 (46.2%) survived. Seventeen (32.7%) had suffered cardiac arrest, and 37 (71.2%) were mechanically ventilated. Mean lactate was 4.33 ± 3.45 mmol/L, and patients were receiving 2.7 ± 1.2 vasopressor/inotropic infusions at ECMO initiation; these did not differ significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors. Pre-ECMO cardiac index was 1.84 ± 0.56L/min/m2 and 1.94 ± 0.63L/min/m2 in survivors and nonsurvivors, respectively (p = 0.57). In multivariable analysis, only diabetes mellitus (DM; OR, 13.25; CI, 1.42–123.40; p = 0.02) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use (OR, 0.12; CI, 0.02–0.78; p = 0.03) were independent predictors of mortality. Nineteen (79.2%) survivors required durable ventricular assist device. Among ADHF patients receiving VA-ECMO, DM is a powerful predictor of outcomes while markers of clinical acuity including hemodynamics, vasopressor/inotrope use, and lactate are not. The vast majority of survivors required durable left-ventricular assist devices.
Light induced synaptic vesicle autophagy
Authors: Hoffmann Sheila , Orlando Marta , Andrzejak Ewa , Trimbuch Thorsten , Rosenmund Christian , Ackermann Frauke , Garner Craig C.
Published: October 2018

The regulated turnover of synaptic vesicle (SV) proteins is thought to involve the ubiquitin dependent tagging and degradation through endo-lysosomal and autophagy pathways. Yet, it remains unclear which of these pathways are used, when they become activated and whether SVs are cleared en-mass together with SV proteins or whether both are degraded selectively. Equally puzzling is how quickly these systems can be activated and whether they function in real time to support synaptic health. To address these questions, we have developed an imaging based system that simultaneously tags presynaptic proteins while monitoring autophagy. Moreover, by tagging SV proteins with a light activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generator, Supernova, it was possible to temporally control the damage to specific SV proteins and assess their consequence to autophagy mediated clearance mechanisms and synaptic function. Our results show that, in mouse hippocampal neurons, presynaptic autophagy can be induced in as little as 5-10 minutes and eliminates primarily the damaged protein rather than the SV en-mass. Importantly, we also find that autophagy is essential for synaptic function, as light-induced damage to e.g. Synaptophysin only compromises synaptic function when autophagy is simultaneously blocked. These data support the concept that presynaptic boutons have a robust highly regulated clearance system to maintain not only synapse integrity, but also synaptic function.

Significance Statement

The real-time surveillance and clearance of synaptic proteins is thought to be vital to the health, functionality and integrity of vertebrate synapses and is compromised in neurodegenerative disorders, yet the fundamental mechanisms regulating these systems remain enigmatic. Our analysis reveals that presynaptic autophagy is a critical part of a real-time clearance system at glutamatergic synapses capable of responding to local damage of synaptic vesicle proteins within minutes and to be critical for the ongoing functionality of these synapses. These data indicate that synapse autophagy is not only locally regulated but also crucial for the health and functionality of vertebrate presynaptic boutons.
Antigen receptor locus dynamics is orchestrated near the sol-gel phase transition to enforce stepwise VDJ gene rearrangement
Authors: Khanna Nimish , Zhang Yaojun , Lucas Joseph S. , Dudko Olga K. , Murre Cornelis
Published: October 2018

Diverse antibody repertoires are generated through remote genomic interactions involving immunoglobulin variable (VH), diversity (DH) and joining (JH) gene segments. How such interactions are orchestrated remains unknown. We developed a novel strategy to track VH-DHJH motion and interactions in live B-lymphocytes. We found that VH and DHJH segments were trapped in configurations that only allowed constrained local motion, such that spatially proximal VH and DHJH segments remained in proximity, whereas spatially remote segments explored their immediate neighborhood while remaining remote. Comparison of experimental and simulated data revealed that such a highly constrained motion was imposed by a network of cross-linked chromatin chains characteristic of a gel phase, yet it was poised near the sol phase, a solution of independent chromatin chains. We propose that epigenetically induced gel droplets and the proximity to the sol-gel phase transition constitute the mechanism that orchestrates ordered VDJ rearrangement.
Dynamic enhancer partitioning instructs activation of a growth regulator during exit from naïve pluripotency
Authors: Greenberg Maxim V.C. , Teissandier Aurélie , Walter Marius , Noordermeer Daan , Bourc’his Deborah
Published: October 2018

During early mammalian development, the genome undergoes profound transitions in chromatin states, topological organization and recruitment ofcisregulatory factors involved in transcriptional control. How these three layers of gene regulation interact is the matter of intense research. TheZdbf2gene—which is involved in growth control—provides a valuable model to study this question: upon exit from naïve pluripotency and prior to tissue differentiation, it undergoes a switch in usage from a distal to a proximal promoter, along with a switch in chromatin states, from polycomb to DNA methylation occupancy. Using an embryonic stem cell (ESC) culture system to mimic this period, we show here that four enhancers contribute to theZdbf2promoter switch, concomitantly with dynamic changes in chromosome architecture. Indeed, CTCF plays a key role in partitioning the locus in ESCs, to facilitate enhancer contact with the distalZdbf2promoter only. Partition relieving enhances proximalZdbf2promoter activity, as observed during differentiation or with mutants that lack local CTCF-based partition. Importantly, we show that CTCF-based regulation occurs independently of the polycomb and DNA methylation pathways. Our study reveals the importance of multi-layered regulatory frameworks to ensure proper spatio-temporal activation of developmentally important genes.
Strengthening Bolivian Pharmacovigilance system: new therapeutic strategies to improve health of Chagas Disease and Tuberculosis patients
Authors: Cortes-Serra Nuria , Saravia Ruth , Grágeda Rosse Mary , Apaza Amílcar , González Jorge Armando , Ríos Brenda , Gascon Joaquim , Torrico Faustino , Pinazo Maria-Jesus
Published: October 2018

Introduction

Chagas disease (CD) and Tuberculosis (TB) are important health problems in Bolivia. Current treatments for both infections require a long period of time, and unwanted drug-related adverse events (ADRs) are frequent.

Purpose

This study aims to strengthen the Bolivian Pharmacovigilance system, focusing on CD and TB.

Methods

A situational diagnosis of Pharmacovigilance in the Department of Cochabamba was performed. The use of a new Local Case Report Form (CRF) was implemented, together with the CRF established by the Unidad de Medicamentos y Tecnología en Salud (UNIMED), in several health care centers. Training and follow-up on drug safety monitoring and ADR reporting was provided to all health professionals involved in CD and TB treatment. A comparative analysis of the reported ADRs using the CRF provided by UNIMED, the new CRF proposal, and medical records, was performed.

Results

Out of the total patients starting treatment for CD, 35,35% suffered ADR according to the information collected in the medical records, and 25% of them were classified as moderate/severe (MS) types. Only 51,43% of MS ADRs were reported to UNIMED. Regarding TB treatment, 9,89% of the total patients suffered ADR, 44% of them were classified as MS, and 75% of MS ADRs were reported to UNIMED.

Conclusions

The reinforcement of the Bolivian Pharmacovigilance system is an ambitious project that should take a long-term perspective and the engagement of national health workers and other stake holders at all levels. Continuity and perseverance are essential to achieve a solid ADR reporting system, improving patient safety, drug efficacy and adherence to treatment.
The mRNA export adaptor Yra1 contributes to DNA double-strand break repair through its C-box domain
Authors: Infantino Valentina , Tutucci Evelina , Martin Noël Yeh , Zihlmann Audrey , García-Molinero Varinia , Silvano Géraldine , Palancade Benoit , Stutz Françoise
Published: October 2018

Yra1 is an mRNA export adaptor involved in mRNA biogenesis and export in S. cerevisiae. Yra1 overexpression was recently shown to promote accumulation of DNA:RNA hybrids favoring DNA double strand breaks (DSB), cell senescence and telomere shortening, via an unknown mechanism. Yra1 was also identified at an HO-induced DSB and Yra1 depletion causes defects in DSB repair. Previous work from our laboratory showed that Yra1 ubiquitination by Tom1 is important for mRNA export. Interestingly, we found that Yra1 is also ubiquitinated by the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases Slx5-Slx8 implicated in the interaction of irreparable DSB with nuclear pores. Here we show that Yra1 binds an HO-induced irreparable DSB. Importantly, a Yra1 mutant lacking the evolutionarily conserved C-box is not recruited to an HO-induced irreparable DSB and becomes lethal under DSB induction in a HO-cut reparable system. Together, the data provide evidence that Yra1 plays a crucial role in DSB repair via homologous recombination. Unexpectedly, while the Yra1 C-box is essential, Yra1 sumoylation and/or ubiquitination are dispensable in this process.
Parents’ evaluation of services offered to autistic children
Authors: Fteiha Mohammad , Bustami Ghanem Al
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the assessment by parents of children with autism regarding the services provided by the Center for Special Care in the United Arab Emirates.

Design/methodology/approach

The surveyed sample included 300 families of children with autism, receiving educational and rehabilitation services, treatment and support services.

Findings

The results indicated significant differences in the assessment of services provided by centers due to a place of service, nature of diagnosis, child’s age at the time of study and age when first diagnosed.

Originality/value

Parents taking part in this study expressed an average level of satisfaction with the received services.
Expatriates adjustment through transformation of social identity of Chinese expatriates working in Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Sadia , Mumtaz Sana
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the process of Chinese expatriates’ adjustment in Pakistan through integrating the U-curve model and social identity theory. It has also highlighted the importance of engaging in strong social ties and their contribution in expatriates’ adjustment.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 30 Chinese expatriates working as directors, deputy directors, senior managers, managers and assistant managers in Chinese organizations in Pakistan. After verbatim transcription of all the interviews, data were analyzed using the NVivo software.

Findings

The findings of this paper indicate that expatriates’ identities somewhat changed in terms of their behaviors and work habits, while fewer changes were observed in their belief and value system. These changes were related to expatriates’ perceptions of host country groups, attraction to these groups and similarity in beliefs, which resulted in the development of interdependent beliefs and depersonalization. However, a few Chinese expatriates predominantly interacted among themselves at work, and their reduced socialization with Pakistanis lessened their chances of change.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the study suggest that expatriates’ adjustment is a multi-stage process and social identity change is one of the powerful mechanisms through which they adjust in the host country’s environment; hence host organizations should facilitate expatriates in strengthening their bond with local people.

Originality/value

This paper has proposed a model that explains the mechanism of Chinese expatriates’ adjustment in Pakistan through improved interactions between expatriates’ and host country nationals, resulting in minor social identity changes, leading to further positive relationship building, and then major social identity changes.
Comparison betweenO(n2) andO(n) neighbor search algorithm and its influence on superlinear speedup in parallel discrete element method (DEM) for complex-shaped particles
Authors: Yan Beichuan , Regueiro Richard
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to present performance comparison betweenO(n2) andO(n) neighbor search algorithms, studies their effects for different particle shape complexity and computational granularity (CG) and investigates the influence on superlinear speedup of 3D discrete element method (DEM) for complex-shaped particles. In particular, it aims to answer the question:O(n2) orO(n) neighbor search algorithm, which performs better in parallel 3D DEM computational practice?

Design/methodology/approach

TheO(n2) andO(n) neighbor search algorithms are carefully implemented in the code paraEllip3d, which is executed on the Department of Defense supercomputers across five orders of magnitude of simulation scale (2,500; 12,000; 150,000; 1 million and 10 million particles) to evaluate and compare the performance, using both strong and weak scaling measurements.

Findings

The more complex the particle shapes (from sphere to ellipsoid to poly-ellipsoid), the smaller the neighbor search fraction (NSF); and the lower is the CG, the smaller is the NSF. In both serial and parallel computing of complex-shaped 3D DEM, theO(n2) algorithm is inefficient at coarse CG; however, it executes faster thanO(n) algorithm at fine CGs that are mostly used in computational practice to achieve the best performance. This means thatO(n2) algorithm outperformsO(n) in parallel 3D DEM generally.

Practical implications

Taking for granted thatO(n) outperformsO(n2) unconditionally, complex-shaped 3D DEM is a misconception commonly encountered in the computational engineering and science literature.

Originality/value

The paper clarifies that performance ofO(n2) andO(n) neighbor search algorithms for complex-shaped 3D DEM is affected by particle shape complexity and CG. In particular, theO(n2) algorithm outperforms theO(n) algorithm in large-scale parallel 3D DEM simulations generally, even though this outperformance is counterintuitive.
Online relationship marketing and customer loyalty: a signaling theory perspective
Authors: Boateng Sheena Lovia
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Online technologies have, in recent times, revolutionized the process of relationship building between firms and their customers. Nonetheless, there is a limited focus and theorization when it comes to explaining the link between online relationship marketing (ORM) activities and their impact on firm relationship marketing (RM) objectives. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine the signaling role of ORM activities in generating online trust and customer loyalty, through the lens of the signaling theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for the study were gathered through a survey of 429 Ghanaian retail bank customers. Results were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques.

Findings

The paper highlights the signaling role of engagement and interactivity online in influencing banks’ RM outcomes per the signaling theory. It concludes that bank’s online relationship activities, over and above the online tools utilized, need to communicate appropriate and useful signals in order to positively influence online trust and loyalty among customers.

Originality/value

The study, in its uniqueness, utilizes the signaling theory to explain the role and impact of online RM activities in the banking industry.
Cooperative-waqf model: a proposal to develop idle waqf lands in Malaysia
Authors: Allah Pitchay Anwar , Mohd Thas Thaker Mohamed Asmy , Mydin Al Amin , Azhar Zubir , Abdul Latiff Abdul Rais
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Waqf (Islamic endowment) in the form of cash is important to address the problem of developing idle waqf lands. Although there are various existing models of cash waqf, there is still a need for innovative cash waqf models. This paper aims to offer an alternative mode of financing for developing idle waqf lands using the concepts of cooperatives and waqf.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study first evaluates relevant literature on financing issues faced by waqf institutions in developing idle waqf lands as well as existing models of cash waqf. Based on the prevailing gap in cash waqf models, the study proposes a hybrid model of cooperative-waqf to finance idle waqf lands in Malaysia.

Findings

The proposed model is unique owing to the new dimension of membership being embedded into the waqf project. It considers donors as members of the waqf project, which is funded through the cash waqf collected, and thus, donors are given the privilege to receive benefits from the commercialised projects that are developed on the waqf lands. The existing models of cash waqf use traditional methods in which donors merely contribute cash waqf without any awareness of how the contributions are utilised. Usually, this problem occurs due to the lack of reciprocal communication between cash waqf donors and waqf institutions.

Research limitations/implications

The present study examines the case of waqf land development in the context of Malaysia only. Secondly, the paper does not contain any empirical analysis, and the development of the paper is based on existing literature that discusses various models of cash waqf practised in Muslim-majority and -minority countries. Future research can conduct surveys of donors and other stakeholders on the practicality of the model.

Practical implications

It is expected that the proposed cooperative-waqf model will be able to create a synchronised relationship between cash waqf donors and waqf institutions and hence boost participation in developing waqf lands.

Originality/value

The present study adds to the existing literature in the area of waqf and cash waqf models, especially the application of this instrument in the context of Malaysia. It also offers a new hybrid model to the State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRCs) – Malaysia’s sole trustee of waqf assets management – such that the implementation of the proposed model could boost the collection of cash waqf in developing commercial projects on idle waqf lands.
Weathering contextual activities and situated sensemaking
Authors: Lowe Sid , Rod Michel
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Drawing upon ideas of holistic systems in conjunction with practice and complexity theories, the purpose of this paper is to provide a reflective examination of sensemaking within business networks.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper that uses a meteorological metaphor to figuratively describe sensemaking within business-to-business relationships. To address this, the authors explore holonic sensemaking practices at a local, micro-level.

Findings

The weather metaphor emphasizes that local and general conditions, although qualitatively different, are mutually constituted. Consequently, local conditions must be taken seriously as they are the crucible of experience where sense is made in the moment and in particular spaces involving specific people. The suggestion is that any failure to account for these “emic” conditions is partial and flawed. The authors propose that an emphasis upon general conditions and nomothetic theories centered on cognitive generalizations has confined sensemaking theorizing. In particular, local sensemaking realities, which are characterized by embodied, communicative and cognitive practices, has been somewhat overlooked.

Research limitations/implications

The main implication is that there should be greater attention to process constituted by an equal focus on sub-processes of embodied sensing and semiotic sub-processes of talking sense, along with the already strong emphasis upon cognitive sensemaking but with greater attention to local activities. As processes of embodied perception, discourse within atmosemiospheres and cognitive sensemaking are qualitatively different, the authors argue for methodological diversity which should enable investigation of these inter-animating sub-processes more comprehensively and with greater equanimity.

Practical implications

In industrial marketing and purchasing (IMP) terms, this means placing the spotlight on the activities component in the actor-resources-activities model. The implication is that there is a need to educate networkers in improvization and bricolaged use of their bodies, communication and minds for concrete, local and practical contexts and ease off on theorizing.

Originality/value

The authors explore the consequences of examining embodied and communicative sensemaking’ influences at micro-level mean, followed by an examination of how sensemaking within the IMP tradition has predominantly focused upon macro-level cognition in contrast to sensemaking more broadly, which has incorporated micro-level sensemaking including embodied, communicative influences alongside cognitive effects. The authors conclude with exploring the implications of a meteorological metaphor for research and practice.
Do entrepreneurial knowledge and innovative attitude overcome “imperfections” in the innovation process? Insights from SMEs in the UK and Italy
Authors: Usai Antonio , Scuotto Veronica , Murray Alan , Fiano Fabio , Dezi Luca
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Entrepreneurial knowledge spurs innovation and, in turn, generates a competitive advantage. This paper aims to explore if entrepreneurial knowledge combined with the attitude to innovate can overcome the key “imperfections” of the innovation process generated by dynamic, current technological progress in the knowledge-intensive sector. The “imperfections” identified in risk management, asymmetric information in the knowledge management process and hold-up problems can all disrupt collaborative partnerships and limit opportunities for innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

A theory-building approach is applied which offers a case study analysis of two small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These two SMEs operate in Europe but in two different territories: the UK and Italy. The study explores three key imperfections, risk management, asymmetric information in the knowledge management process and hold-up problems, which occur in the innovation process.

Findings

The entrepreneurs face these imperfections by adopting an open innovation model. Notwithstanding, both entrepreneurs had to deal with all “imperfections”, and their skills, attributes, attitude and aptitude allowed them to grow their business and continually develop new products. Therefore, the imperfections do not limit the innovative capacity of an entrepreneur but rather enhance their challengeable attitude. In this regard, the case studies induce a further analysis on entrepreneurial knowledge intertwined with entrepreneurial risk management and networking skills.

Research limitations/implications

The empirical significance of the two cases does not allow theorisation. However, this research offers interesting results which can be strengthened by a comparative case study with other countries or deeper investigation by applying a quantitative approach.

Originality/value

By leveraging entrepreneurial knowledge, the imperfections noted in the innovation process can be overcome. Entrepreneurial knowledge is recognised as the main asset of an enterprise if it is combined with external talent or human resources. Entrepreneurs aim to develop innovative approaches and ideas through establishing both formal and informal collaborative partnership relationships which are used thanks to the entrepreneurs’ networking skills, knowledge and abilities.
Las Vegas: past, present and future
Authors: Richard Brendan
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to better understand the dramatic transformation of Las Vegas from a local watering hole to a world renowned entertainment city, and to offer predictions of what this ever-changing city might become in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

A series of turning points in Las Vegas’ history are presented in a chronological manner, highlighting how external forces have played a role in shaping the city into what it is today. These external forces are then used as the underlying reasoning for a series of scenarios, signposts informing predictions detailing what might happen to Las Vegas in the future.

Findings

The development of Las Vegas has been influenced by a wide range of external factors, from geology, government, organized crime, business visionaries, large corporations and the economy. The continued influence of these factors could lead to drastically divergent outcomes from the loss of the city to a new golden age.

Originality/value

This paper identifies turning points that have helped to shape the development of Las Vegas, and in doing so encourages researchers to consider future scenarios grounded in the underlying dynamics of the turning points.
Examining links between abusive supervision, PsyCap, LMX and outcomes
Authors: Agarwal Upasna A.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a moderated mediation model wherein abusive supervision predicts subordinate’s stress and turnover intentions through Psychological Capital (PsyCap). Leader–member exchange (LMX) moderates the abusive supervision-outcome relationship through PsyCap.

Design/methodology/approach

Two wave data were collected from 1,193 full-time employees across organizations in India.

Findings

Results suggest that abusive supervision is significantly related to intention to quit and perceive stress, and this relationship is partially mediated by PsyCap. The findings from the moderated mediation analysis revealed that the mediation of PsyCap was moderated by LMX such that at the higher levels of LMX, the mediation effect of PsyCap on workout comes became stronger.

Research limitations/implications

As the study did not cover all sectors, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution.

Originality/value

Embedded in the conservation of resources theory, this study adds to the knowledge of how abusive supervision and LMX jointly affect PsyCap, turnover intentions and perceived stress. The results of this study indicate that abusive supervision exerts its influence on work-related outcomes and highlights the importance of taking the quality of relationship (LMX) with supervisor and personal resources into consideration when making sense of the influence of abusive supervision with employee outcomes. The study extends the current research stream of abusive supervision research to one of the underrepresented developing Asian countries, India.
The influence of the 3D-printing technology on the physical and mechanical properties of polyphenylene sulfone
Authors: Slonov Azamat Ladinovich , Khashirov Azamat Askerovich , Zhansitov Azamat Aslanovich , Rzhevskaya Elena Viktorovna , Khashirova Svetlana Yuryevna
Published: October 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of three-dimensional (3D) printing technological modes (using fused deposition modelling [FDM]) on physical and mechanical properties of samples from polyphenylenesulfone.

Design/methodology/approach

For this study, the standard test samples were printed using the FDM method at different filament orientation angles, the gaps between them and a different width. The basic physical and mechanical properties, such as the strength, the elastic modulus and the impact strength, were studied.

Findings

The authors found that the basic mechanical properties strongly depend on the printing settings. In particular, the elastic modulus generally depends on the air gap between rasters, and it is practically independent of the filament orientation angle. In contrast, the impact strength depends on the orientation and the degree of adhesion between filaments: the highest values are reached at the longitudinal orientation of rasters in the sample (0°) and the minimum value of the air gap (−0.025 mm). However, in selecting the optimal mode of 3D printing, it is necessary to take into account the specific geometry of the printing products and the direction of the stress that it will experience.

Originality/value

The paper presents the results of the investigation of the influence of FDM printing modes on the mechanical properties of samples from polyphenylenesulfone, including impact strength. The authors studied the mechanisms of the destruction under impact loading and revealed the optimal printing settings for making samples with properties which are not inferior to the injection molded samples.
Diverse mobile users: the development of library experts
Authors: Hahn Jim
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to undertake a formative evaluation of growth over time that would demonstrate diverse library users’ development as they interact with mobile digital library services.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper incorporated a server log analysis to evaluate first, the location of users. To study the nature of diverse user development, users from unique locations were identified and tracked over several years. The type of growth that this paper analyzes is the development of a library user from the beginning stages of use into one who is more experienced. For the purposes of this paper, the authors define library experts as experienced library users. These are users who have come back to the library over multiple sessions of learning and branched out into multiple areas of library functionality and services.

Findings

The findings of modular mobile use over time suggest that, while over half of users only utilized one module, 39 per cent of all users accessed more than one module. This formative approach to assessing student library engagement suggests alternative metrics for assessing outreach and distance learning.

Originality/value

The underlying departure point for this study is that formative models may introduce descriptive data valuable to the learning analytics toolkit. The library research literature on learning analytics, and perhaps library service offerings that support learning, may gain additional value by attending to students’ formative development as they interact with library resources. Describing the way in which mobile app users develop can yield insights about learning over time, both on campus and at a distance.
Respecting care home residents’ right to privacy: what is the evidence of good practice?
Authors: Emmer De Albuquerque Green Caroline , Tinker Anthea , Manthorpe Jill
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss evidence of good practice in respecting care home residents’ right to privacy. The right to privacy is a fundamental human right as enshrined in international and domestic law and standards. In the context of increasing interest in using a human rights approach to social care in care homes for older people, this literature review summarises research evidence on what respecting the human right to privacy of care home residents entails in practice.

Design/methodology/approach

This literature review followed a rigorous systematic approach to the scoping review, inspired by the Joanna Biggs Institute’s guidelines for conducting systematic reviews. A total of 12 articles were included in the review.

Findings

The research took a multidimensional understanding of privacy in their studies. The dimensions can be categorised as physical, inter-relational or related to personal data. The review highlights three good practice points. First, it is good privacy practice in care homes to make available single-occupancy bedrooms to residents since this offers the opportunity to personalising this physical space with furniture and web belongings, adding a sense of ownership over the space. Second, residents appreciate being able to choose when and how they spend their time in their own bedrooms. Third, it is good practice to respect residents’ private physical space and private choices, for example by knocking on doors before entering or agreeing with the resident when it is permissible to enter. The review also found that in some studies privacy considerations were relevant to communal living areas within care homes, including the use of surveillance cameras and the sharing of personal data.

Originality/value

This literature review adds to the body of academic literature on human rights and social care in practice. It also highlights areas for future research relating to the right to privacy in care homes.
RADProc: A computationally efficient de novo locus assembler for population studies using RADseq data
Authors: Nadukkalam Ravindran Praveen , Bentzen Paul , Bradbury Ian R. , Beiko Robert G.
Published: October 2018

Restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) is a powerful tool for genotyping of individuals, but the identification of loci and assignment of sequence reads is a crucial and often challenging step. The optimal parameter settings for a given de novo RADseq assembly vary between data sets and can be difficult and computationally expensive to determine. Here, we introduce RADProc, a software package that uses a graph data structure to represent all sequence reads and their similarity relationships. Storing sequence–comparison results in a graph eliminates unnecessary and redundant sequence similarity calculations. De novo locus formation for a given parameter set can be performed on the precomputed graph, making parameter sweeps far more efficient. RADProc also uses a clustering approach for faster nucleotide‐distance calculation. The performance of RADProc compares favourably with that of the widely used Stacks software. The run‐time comparisons between RADProc and Stacks for 32 different parameter settings using 20 green‐crab (Carcinus maenas) samples showed that RADProc took as little as 2 hr 40 min compared to 78 hr by Stacks, while 16 brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) samples were processed by RADProc and Stacks in 23 and 263 hr, respectively. Comparisons of the de novo loci formed, and catalog built using both the methods demonstrate that the improvement in processing speeds achieved by RADProc does not affect much the actual loci formed and the results of downstream analyses based on those loci.
Spontaneous regression of lung squamous cell carcinoma with synchronous mediastinal progression: A case report
Authors: Matsui Takuya , Mizuno Tetsuya , Kuroda Hiroaki , Sakakura Noriaki , Arimura Takaaki , Yatabe Yasushi , Sakao Yukinori
Published: October 2018

Spontaneous regression (SR) of cancer implies the partial or complete disappearance of malignant disease without or with adequate medical treatment. Typically, SR of cancer is a sporadic event, especially in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although the underlying mechanism of SR remains unknown, stimulation of an immunological response has been proposed. Herein, we report the case of a 56‐year‐old woman exhibiting SR of NSCLC with a mediastinal disease. Despite regression of the primary site after a lung biopsy, simultaneous progression of mediastinal lymph node metastasis occurred. Specimens obtained by surgical resection pathologically confirmed both primary and metastatic sites. Reportedly, primary and metastatic tumors shrink synchronously in SR of metastatic NSCLCs. Thus, the fact that the SR of NSCLC can present inconsistent development in primary and metastatic sites should be considered, and direct intervention is recommended if physicians diagnose this phenomenon.
National Study of Self‐reported Pediatric Areas in United States General Emergency Departments
Authors: Camargo Alexandra , Boggs Krislyn M. , Auerbach Marc , Freid Rachel D. , Sullivan Ashley F. , Espinola Janice A. , Camargo Carlos A.
Published: October 2018

Objectives

While many U.S. emergency departments (ED) have a “pediatric ED,” there are, to our knowledge, no accepted criteria for this type of ED. We investigated the prevalence, distribution, staffing, and characteristics of self‐reported pediatric areas in U.S. general EDs.

Methods

We conducted a survey of all 5,273 U.S. EDs to characterize emergency care in 2015. We then surveyed 130 of the 426 general EDs who reported having a pediatric area. Data collection for the second survey included confirmation of a pediatric area and information on that area's structure and staffing.

Results

The national survey (85% response) showed 10% of general EDs reported a pediatric area. Only 16% of all U.S. EDs had a pediatric emergency care coordinator (PECC). EDs with larger visit volumes, or in the Northeast or South, were more likely to have a pediatric area. Nine states had no general EDs with pediatric areas. Among general EDs with a pediatric area, 75% had a PECC and 74% had a board‐certified or board‐eligible pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physician on staff. Ninety‐three percent had designated pediatric beds. Rarely (3%) was the pediatric area just a separate waiting area within a general ED, without any PECC or PEM physician present.

Conclusions

We found that 10% of U.S. general EDs had a pediatric area and that this prevalence varies nationwide. Moreover, only 16% of U.S. EDs had a PECC. Further studies on the impact of ED structure and staffing on pediatric care and patient outcomes are urgently needed. As a long‐term objective, a standardized definition of a pediatric ED would not only help quality improvement efforts but also help families make more informed choices about where to bring their children to receive care.
Generation of an equine biobank to be used for Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes project
Authors: Burns E. N. , Bordbari M. H. , Mienaltowski M. J. , Affolter V. K. , Barro M. V. , Gianino F. , Gianino G. , Giulotto E. , Kalbfleisch T. S. , Katzman S. A. , Lassaline M. , Leeb T. , Mack M. , Müller E. J. , MacLeod J. N. , Ming‐Whitfield B. , Alanis C. R. , Raudsepp T. , Scott E. , Vig S. , Zhou H. , Petersen J. L. , Bellone R. R. , Finno C. J.
Published: October 2018

The Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) project aims to identify genomic regulatory elements in both sexes across multiple stages of development in domesticated animals. This study represents the first stage of the FAANG project for the horse, Equus caballus. A biobank of 80 tissue samples, two cell lines and six body fluids was created from two adult Thoroughbred mares. Ante‐mortem assessments included full physical examinations, lameness, ophthalmologic and neurologic evaluations. Complete blood counts and serum biochemistries were also performed. At necropsy, in addition to tissue samples, aliquots of serum, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma, heparinized plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, urine and microbiome samples from all regions of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts were collected. Epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts were cultured from skin samples. All tissues were grossly and histologically evaluated by a board‐certified veterinary pathologist. The results of the clinical and pathological evaluations identified subclinical eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract as well as a mild clinical lameness in both animals. Each sample was cryo‐preserved in multiple ways, and nuclei were extracted from selected tissues. These samples represent the first published systemically healthy equine‐specific biobank with extensive clinical phenotyping ante‐ and post‐mortem. The tissues in the biobank are intended for community‐wide use in the functional annotation of the equine genome. The use of the biobank will improve the quality of the reference annotation and allow all equine researchers to elucidate unknown genomic and epigenomic causes of disease.
Reviewing the cost‐effectiveness of long‐acting reversible contraceptive methods in an Australian context
Authors: Lynch Matthew , De Abreu Lourenco Richard , Flattery Martin , Haas Marion
Published: October 2018

Background

Relative to the oral contraceptive pill, uptake of long‐acting reversible contraceptive methods (LARCs) in Australia continues to be lower than might be suggested by the evidence on their clinical and economic benefits.

Aim

To undertake a critical appraisal of published economic evaluations of LARCs to assess the generalisability of their results to the Australian healthcare context.

Materials and Methods

A search of the literature was conducted to identify studies of economic evaluations of LARCs using the Medline, Embase and PubMed databases. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist.

Results

A total of 1009 citations were screened, from which 20 papers, typically reporting the cost per pregnancy avoided, were reviewed. The overall quality of the studies varied but was generally poor (average score of 62/100). To aid comparisons, results have been grouped under the headings IUS (all hormonal intrauterine systems), IUDs (all non‐hormonal intrauterine devices), injectables (all contraceptive injections) and implants (all subdermal contraceptive implants). Overall, the results indicated that LARCs were more effective and less costly than oral contraceptives.

Conclusions

Despite evidence that LARCs represent value for money, limitations in study quality and approaches must be taken into account when applying these results to Australia. Differences in healthcare settings aside, LARCs may also have benefits beyond their effect on pregnancy that might be captured in broader analyses, such as cost‐benefit analyses using willingness to pay methods. These would capture benefits beyond health, which seem to be particularly relevant to contraception.
Understanding pro‐environmental intentions by integrating insights from social mobility, cosmopolitanism, and social dominance
Authors: Leung Angela K.‐y. , Koh Brandon
Published: October 2018

To offer an integrative account bridging individuals’ sociocultural orientations with pro‐environmentalism, the current research tested the mediating and moderating relationships among pro‐environmental intentions and three person‐level factors: perceived social mobility, cosmopolitan orientation, and social dominance orientation (SDO). With a Singaporean college student sample (N = 220), we found support for the hypothesized second‐stage moderation model that perceived social mobility positively predicts cosmopolitan orientation, and in turn, cosmopolitan orientation is moderated by SDO to positively predict pro‐environmental intentions. Specifically, lower levels of SDO strengthen the pro‐environmental advantages of endorsing higher levels of cosmopolitan orientation. These findings add novel knowledge to the environmental psychology literature by advancing an integrative approach that demonstrates how the interplay of people's perceptions about the social, cultural, and group standing impacts their likelihood to engage in pro‐environmental actions. We discuss the implications that an egalitarian worldview toward other cultures, social groups, and human–nature relations might be the key to addressing the global challenge of climate change.