bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amatorzy, elity symboliczne, celebryci – nadawcy w internetowych serwisach Web 2.0
Authors: Juza Marta Magdalena
Published: March 2021

Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie o to, kto tworzy treści wypełniające serwisy Web 2.0. Uważano, że powstanie tych serwisów, podobnie jak samego internetu, pozwoli „zwykłym ludziom” wcielić się w rolę masowego nadawcy. Sądzono, że będą oni z tej możliwości powszechnie korzystać, serwisy te będą więc wypełniane treścią przez amatorów. Początkowo wydawało się jednak, że oczekiwania te nie zostaną spełnione. Szacowano, że tylko 10% użytkowników umieszcza w internecie swoje treści, w tym 1% regularnie, a 9% okazjonalnie, pozostali są zaś biernymi odbiorcami. Serwisy Web 2.0 były natomiast wypełniane treścią w dużej mierze przez podmioty profesjonalne, które mogły wypowiadać się również w mediach masowych. Obecnie, gdy serwisy Web 2.0, a szczególnie media społecznościowe, mają coraz więcej użytkowników, zarysowane wyżej kwestie wymagają ponownego przeanalizowania. Koncepcja i metody badań: na podstawie dostępnych danych oraz wyników badań własnych, przeprowadzonych przy użyciu ankiety wśród 500 użytkowników internetu, sformułowane zostały następujące wnioski: (1) treści w serwisach Web 2.0 są tworzone głównie przez amatorów, w mniejszym stopniu przez aktorów profesjonalnych; (2) większość użytkowników tworzy treści w serwisach Web 2.0, a zwłaszcza w serwisach społecznościowych; (3) najbardziej pracochłonne i ambitne formy aktywności twórczej są udziałem niewielkiego odsetka internautów. Wnioski te stanowią oryginalny wkład do wiedzy na temat autorstwa treści w tych cieszących się obecnie ogromną popularnością serwisach.
Problem klasyfikacji wypowiedzi jako twierdzeń faktycznych lub sądów wartościujących w orzecznictwie Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w Strasburgu
Authors: Zaremba Michał
Published: March 2021

Zasada odmiennego traktowania wypowiedzi stanowiących twierdzenia o faktach (statements of fact) oraz sądów wartościujących (value judgements) należy do jednej z najwcześniej sformułowanych w orzecznictwie Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w Strasburgu odnoszącym się do art. 10 konwencji europejskiej. Wartość poznawcza: mimo to problematyka dotycząca tej zasady była dotąd niezwykle rzadko podejmowana w literaturze przedmiotu. Niniejsza publikacja ma wypełnić tę lukę. Śledząc poglądy Trybunału, można dostrzec ewolucję poglądów tego organu w kwestii znaczenia zasady, o której mowa, i sposobu jej realizacji. Główną tezą niniejszego artykułu jest dający się zauważyć stopniowy spadek wagi rozważanego podziału na rzecz podejścia akcentującego dobrą wiarę i staranność autora wypowiedzi. Metody badań: w celu weryfikacji tej tezy poddano analizie kilkadziesiąt orzeczeń Trybunału, w których najobszerniej i najbardziej wnikliwie rozważany był status spornych wypowiedzi oraz konsekwencje przyjmowanej kwalifikacji. Wnioski: wydaje się, że przyczyn stwierdzonej zmiany linii orzeczniczej należy upatrywać w niemożności sformułowania dostatecznie precyzyjnego (a więc pozbawionego uznaniowości) kryterium wspomnianej klasyfikacji.
Analiza postrzegania prawdziwości informacji wśród studentów – podobieństwo super fake newsów do prawdziwych wiadomości
Authors: Rosińska Klaudia , Brzóska Paweł , Nowak Bartłomiej
Published: March 2021

Cel i hipoteza: przedmiotem badań prezentowanych w artykule jest postrzeganie prawdziwości fake newsów w zależności od sposobu ich definiowania: jako dezinformacji intencjonalnej (wąska definicja) lub niezamierzonej dezinformacji (szeroka definicja). U podstaw analizy leży hipoteza, zgodnie z którą  fake newsy definiowane wąsko będą skuteczniej udawały prawdziwe wiadomości niż fake newsy definiowane szeroko, a zatem użytkownicy będą obie te grupy fake newsów postrzegać w różny sposób. Metody badań: metoda sondażu diagnostycznego, zawierającego skalę fake newsów, oraz psychologiczny pomiar poziomu analitycznego myślenia i aktywnie otwartego myślenia. Wyniki i wnioski: analiza udowadnia, że użytkownicy postrzegają prawdziwość fake newsów w dwojaki sposób: twarde fake newsy (fake newsy definiowane szeroko) są postrzegane jako mniej prawdziwe, a super fake newsy (fake newsy definiowane wąsko) są postrzegane jako bardziej prawdziwe. Ponadto, podczas gdy analityczne myślenie wpływa korzystnie jedynie na rozpoznawanie twardych fake newsów, to aktywnie otwarte myślenie chroni przed uwierzeniem zarówno w twarde, jak i super fake newsy. Wartość poznawcza: w artykule przedstawiono medioznawczo-psychologiczną analizę postrzegania prawdziwości różnych grup fake newsów i dzięki temu wskazano różne sposoby projektowania działań edukacyjnych w tym obszarze.
ОРІЄНТИРИ ДІЯЛЬНІСНОГО ПІДХОДУ В КОНЦЕПТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЗМІННОЇ «САМОАКТИВНІСТЬ КУРСАНТА»
Authors: Грибенюк Г.С. , Дмитренко М. , Грибенюк І.Г.
Published: March 2021

Стаття розкриває особливості концептуалізації змінної «самоактивність курсанта», що, дає змогу обґрунтувати необхідну діагностичну процедуру та отримати дані щодо внутрішніх резервів психіки курсанта. Представлені результати роботи дозволяють з’ясувати окремі взаємозалежності між змістом концетуальних та операціональних змінних у дослідженні самоактивності курсанта. Обгрунтовані концептуальні змінні у дослідження та розкрито специфіку компоненти «самоактивність курсанта».

Ключові слова: самоактивність курсанта; діяльнісний підхід; концептуальні змінні; діяльність;, навчання; виховання; екстремальні умови.
BIM技术在建筑设计管控模式中的应用初探
Authors: 雷 建华
Published: March 2021

现如今，科技的高速发展带动了很多领域的进步。而各个行业也深知与时代接轨的重要意义，不断地改革和更新自身的核心技术，建筑设计管控模式就是与时俱进的产业之一。在进步中，它积极地融入了BIM技术，使建筑设计水平上升了一个台阶。BIM技术使用计算机辅助作图和计算的技术，可以根据建筑的实际需求建立一个直观的模型。这个模型是有很多优势的，与其他设计的模型相比，它的集成程度更高，模拟图像更准确、更清晰。也在一定程度上提高了管控的效率，降低了投入的勘察资金，是极具代表性的一项技术。本篇文章以BIM技术为核心论点，对于它在建筑设计管控模式中的具体运用作了深入的剖析，并提出有针对性的意见，希望能给相关人员提供一些启发。
5G通信传输承载网络框架结构技术研究
Authors: 吴 东 , 王 镇
Published: March 2021

随着我国科学技术的迅速发展，5G逐渐进入了人们的生活。5G通信传输承载网络框架结构与4G有所不同，对传输承载网络的连接、时延、功耗等提出了更高的要求，同时对于不同业务也具有不同的参数要求。基于此，本篇文章将分析对比5G通信传输承载技术与4G之间的差异，探究5G通信传输承载网络框架结构技术方案，希望可以推动5G通信传输承载网络框架结构技术的发展与进步。
露天矿山边坡稳定问题及防治方法
Authors: 梁 斌强
Published: March 2021

矿山地质灾害治理中非常常见的一大难题就是露天矿山的边坡稳定问题，边坡稳定性会从很大程度上影响工程的整体造价、安全施工和后续的使用。我国露天矿山如果发生边坡失稳会严重影响矿山生产，甚至威胁工作人员的生命财产安全。为此，需要加强矿山边坡稳定性的防治。
Investigation of serum and saliva dermcidin levels in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and dermcidin analysis in salivary gland
Authors: DEMİR Betül , ÇİÇEK Demet , ERDEN İlker , AYDIN Süleyman , ÜÇER Özlem , KULOĞLU Tuncay , KALAYCI Mehmet , YARDIM Meltem , YÜKSEL Esma
Published: March 2021

Objective Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common self-limiting oral mucosa disease. In this study, it was aimed to determine the dermcidin level in the serum and saliva of patients with RAS, the presence of dermcidin in the salivary gland and its role in the pathogenesis of RAS.
Methods Thirty-one patients presenting with RAS and 30 control subjects participated in this study. Dermcidin levels in serum and saliva of patients and control group were studied in accordance with the working procedures specified in the catalogs of the human dermcidin ELISA kit. The presence of dermcidin in salivary glands was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis.
Results A statistically significant difference was found when the mean salivary dermcidin levels (105.80 ± 80.14 ng/mL) of the RAS patients were compared with the mean salivary dermcidin levels (456.13 ± 354.59 ng/mL) of the control group (P=0.000). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean serum dermcidin levels (316.41 ± 784.55 ng/mL) of the RAS patient and those of (130.65 ± 179.75 ng/mL) the control group. Dermcidin immunoreactivity was observed in the parotid gland, submandibular gland and interlobular striated ducts.
Conclusion The findings in this study showed that striated cells in salivary gland synthesized dermcidin. Low
levels of dermcidin with antimicrobial properties in saliva were considered as a predisposing factor for RAS.
Approach to the aphthous lesions of the oral mucosa
Authors: AKSU ARICA Deniz , FERHATOSMANOĞLU Arzu
Published: March 2021

Aphthous oral cavity lesions are common in clinical practice that negatively affect the quality of life. It is possible
to reveal the etiological cause in aphthous lesions, with detailed history, physical examination findings, and
appropriate laboratory evaluation. In this article, we aimed to review the differential diagnosis by examining
the conditions that need to be questioned with clinical clues to reveal the correct etiological cause in a patient
presenting with the complaint of oral aphthae.
Immunisation Coverage Annual Report 2019
Authors: Hull Brynley , Hendry Alexandra , Dey Aditi , Macartney Kristine , Beard Frank
Published: March 2021

Australian Immunisation Register data have been analysed for children aged < 5 years, focusing on changes in vaccination coverage at standard age milestones (12, 24 and 60 months) between 2018 and 2019. ‘Fully vaccinated’ coverage in 2019 increased by 0.1–0.4% at the three age milestones to 94.3% at 12 months, 90.2% at 24 months (in the context of additional antigens required at 24 months) and 94.2% at 60 months. Rotavirus vaccine coverage (2 doses) increased from 90.9% in 2018 to 91.9% in 2019. ‘Fully vaccinated’ coverage in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter respectfully referred to as Indigenous) children increased by 0.5–1.1% in 2019, reaching 92.9% at 12 months, 88.9% at 24 months and 96.9% at the 60 months (2.7 percentage points higher than in children overall). Recorded influenza vaccination coverage in children aged 6 months to < 5 years increased by 11.4 percentage points to 42.7% in Indigenous children in 2019, and by 15.6 percentage points to 41.8% in children overall. Longstanding issues with timeliness of vaccination in Indigenous children persisted, although the disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children in on-time coverage (within 30 days of due date), for vaccines due at 4 months of age, decreased from 10.4–10.7 to 9.6–9.8 percentage points between 2018 and 2019. The timeliness of ‘fully vaccinated’ coverage was also examined at earlier age milestones (3 months after due date of last scheduled vaccine) of 9, 15, 21 and 51 months, by Indigenous status, socioeconomic status and remoteness of area of residence. Coverage in children living in the least-advantaged residential area quintile was 2.6–2.7% lower than that for those living in the most-advantaged quintile at the 9-, 15- and 21-month milestones, although these disparities were 0.5–1.5 percentage points lower than in 2018. Coverage at the earlier milestones in Indigenous children in remote areas was 1.5–6.7% percentage points lower than that for Indigenous children in major cities and regional areas, although there were some improvements since 2018. Importantly, although Indigenous children had lower coverage for the second dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine at 24 months (92.7% versus 93.3% overall), coverage increased to 98.8% at 60 months; coverage was also high overall at 96.4%, above the 95% target critical to measles control. In conclusion, this report demonstrates continuing improvements across a range of immunisation indicators in Australia in 2019. However, some issues with timeliness persist, particularly in Indigenous and socioeconomically disadvantaged children. New coverage targets for earlier protection in the first 2 years of life may be indicated, along with a review of current ‘fully vaccinated’ assessment algorithms, particularly at the 60-month age milestone.
Identification Of Fresh Cardiorespiration Of 2018 Nusa Cendana University Of Penjaskesrek Students During Covid-19
Authors: Arif Yudabbirul , Boleng Lukas M , Louk Michael J. H. , Fufu Ronald Dwi A
Published: March 2021

During the pandemic, online lectures are mandatory however, how can students' physical activity be maintained or not. The goal is that students who have good cardiorespiratory freshness are expected to have good endurance. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The method used is a survey with data collection techniques using measurement tests. The instrument used to determine the endurance level of a student's physical fitness was a multi-stage running test or the bleep test. The sample in this study using simple random sampling, the research sample was selected as many as 30 students. The results of the data from 30 Penjaskesrek class 2018 Nusa Cendana University students who took the multistage fitness test to find out the level of cardiorespiratory freshness was in the very poor classification of 10 people with a percentage of 33.33%, the lack of classification was 3 people (10%), the classification is quite good (33.33%), good classification 5 people (16.66%), very good classification 2 people (6.66%), and no student is in the special classification (0%). The results show that the level of cardiorespiratory freshness The 2018 Nusa Cendana University Penjaskesrek students are in a sufficient classification.
Dribble Training Model Development Jump Shoot Basketball Sports Branch On Students
Authors: Bangun Sabaruddin Yunis , Nugraha Tarsyad , Handika Rian
Published: March 2021

This study aims to develop a dribble jump shoot training model in basketball. This type of research is research and development (Research and Development). In this development research, the product developed is a dribble jump shoot training model in basketball.The subjects in this research and development were 3 experts and 10 basketball athletes. The instruments used in this research and development were questionnaires and questionnaires used to collect data at the following stages: (1) needs analysis; (2) expert evaluation; (3) small group trials; and (4) field trials. The effectiveness test is the result of validation from 3 experts and the results of field tests. The results of the 3 experts stated that 86.25% was very suitable for use and the effectiveness test revealed a high gain value of 0.90. Based on the results of research and development, it can be concluded that: (1) By developing an exercise model dribble jump shoot This, can help students in improving basketball jump shoot skills. (2) Provide a new reference for basketball jump shoot practice.
The Influence of Inquiry Methods and Motor Educability on Dribbling Skills in Soccer
Authors: Alexon Alexon , Insanistyo Bayu , Rajjab Binar Dewa Al , Novriansyah Novriansyah
Published: March 2021

Research aims toaknow the influenceaMethod of Inquiry and Motor Educability Exerciseaagainst skillsaDribbling in FootballaBengkulu Young Shoots. Research conductsaresearch Experiment withaFactorial design. Sample insideaThis study included 48 athletesaTunas Muda KotaaBengkulu. Data analysis techniqueausing the t-test. The results of the research in this study are: 1. The results of the dribbling skills in soccer for SSB students who are taught using a modelainquiry exerciseaguided moreahigh in comparisonawith students who followainquiry learningafree. 2. Resultsadribbling skills of students have motoraeducability higheraheight than the childawho has a motoraeducabilitylow. 3. Several schoolsahave a workout scheduleaconcurrently between football extracurriculars, so thatadirectly inaimplementation of the exercise sometimes has toado the treetment and testanot simultaneously. This matterabe one of the obstacles in providing treatmentain the form of a training methodato students. 4. Studentsanot quarantined soaresearchers cannot control activityawhateverastudents doaout of scheduleaexercise is a nutritional problemastudents. Notastraightforward this thingacan affectaresearch. 5. Lack of comfortaand the serenity students getaat the time of doing the guided inquiry method and lackathe facility used by researchers to support the provisionathe training method when doing the methodathe free inquiry exercise.
Correlation of CD133 and SOX2 Expression with Regional Lymph Nodes Metastatic Status in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type
Authors: Fauziah Dyah , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Mastutik Gondo
Published: March 2021

Background: CD133 overexpression can increase cell proliferation, migration, and epithelialmesenchymal transition that promotes metastasis. CD133 expression is induced by hypoxiainduced factor (HIF) which requires SOX2 binding in the promoter region. SOX2 is an embryonal transcription factor that plays a role in the development of malignancy. The study aimed to analyze the expression of CD133 and SOX2 with regional lymph nodes (LN) metastatic status in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST). Methods: The study was a cross-sectional design. Forty-five samples were retrieved from pathology archives in Dr. Soetomo Hospital from January to December 2018. Samples were divided into 2 groups, with and without regional LN metastasis. Immunohistochemistry with CD133 and SOX2 was applied to all samples. CD133 expression was assessed by immunoreactive score, and SOX2 expression was assessed by the percentage of tumor positive cells.Results: There was no significant difference in CD 133 expression between invasive breast carcinoma of NST with and without regional LN metastases (P = .990). A positive correlation was found in SOX2 expression between breast carcinoma with and without regional LN metastasis (P = .000; rs = .518). There was no correlation between CD133 and SOX2 expression (P = .082), which means that the high expression of CD133 did not affect SOX2 expression.Conclusions: CD133 expression was not significantly different in breast carcinoma with and without LN metastasis. The high expression of SOX2 was found significantly correlated with regional LN metastasis. SOX2 expression may become a potential prognostic marker in invasive breast carcinoma of NST. regional LN metastasis
The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Breast and Thyroid Cancer Surgery: An Advantage or Disadvantage Factor?
Authors: Usman Hermin Aminah , Abidin Fauzan Ali Zainal , Maulana Akbar
Published: March 2021

Background: Breast cancer (BC) and thyroid cancer (TC) are the types of cancer mostly treated at the Surgical Oncology Department with 24.1% and 6.8%, respectively, of all malignancies at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The delay in managing patients for both types of cancer will increase the risk of cancer stage progression. This study was conducted to determine the Covid-19 pandemic’s impact on delayed surgery due to longer waiting times in BC and TC patients.Methods: This research is a descriptive study. The data were collected from BC and TC patients who received surgery in the Surgical Oncology Department from April to June 2020 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. These data include the time of surgery, gender, age, stage of the disease, chemotherapy history, management, time from diagnosis until surgery, last time receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy until surgery, and time of surgery on schedule.Results: Thirty-seven patients had undergone surgery; the stages of BC and TC patients were IIIB (66.6%) and II (50.0%), respectively. There were 31 BC patients (93.9%) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent surgery, and total thyroidectomy with dissection was performed in 75% of TC patients. Operative procedures that were performed earlier than the schedule have been done in 20 (60.6%) and three patients (75.0%) for BC and TC patients, respectively, while 2 (0.6%) of BC patients were delayed in their management and no patient experienced a delay in management on TC.Conclusions: The management of BC and TC patients with various stages has received operation procedures faster than the previously determined schedule in the period from April to June 2020. These results also suggest a possible advantage for cancer patients requiring surgery, particularly patients with advanced BC who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In certain conditions, it turns out that a pandemic may positively impact, especially in the management surgery of breast and thyroid cancer patients. However, limited time at the early start of the pandemic may change these conclusions.
SPEAKING ASSESSMENT FOR STUDENTS OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Juita Erlinna
Published: March 2021

Despite the fact that English is adopted as compulsory subject in higher education and extended period of learning, students still have low proficiency level. Thus, studies on students’ proficiency level need to be conducted for an effectively designed classroom activities. The purpose of this study was to assess students’ speaking skills to obtain a comprehensive review. The population of this study was students of Akademi Kesehatan John Paul II Pekanbaru. The instrument of this study was rubric assessment with four aspects assessed: grammar, vocabulary, fluency, and pronunciation. The average speaking performance was 2.25 in satisfactory level. The lowest result was grammar with the average score of 2.56 in satisfactory category, whereas the highest result was pronunciation, 3.08, good category. The results of vocabulary and fluency were 2.79 and 2.82 in satisfactory level. In conclusion, students’ speaking performances were still in satisfactory level. Improvements were needed in grammar, vocabulary and fluency
Ресурсообеспечение инвестиционно-строительной деятельности как основа обоснования эффективности инвестиционных программ
Authors: ЖУРАВЛЕВ Павел Анатольевич , МАРУКЯН Артур Марукович
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена обоснованию экономической целесообразности реализации капитальных вложений в инвестиционно-строительные проекты. Проанализированы принципы, правила, процедуры и механизмы действующего законодательства о регулировании инвестиционной деятельности. Показано, что инвестиционный проект определяется законодательством как документация, подтверждающая финансовую рациональность, величину и продолжительность осуществления инвестиций. Отмечено, что на раннем этапе для решения вопроса о выделении бюджетных средств и их размера (до включения в федеральную адресную инвестиционную программу или федеральную целевую программу) проводится процедура обоснования инвестиций, предполагающая оценку экономической целесообразности и эффективности предлагаемых в рамках будущего проекта административно-территориальных, организационных, технических и технологических решений. Представлена реализация процедуры оценки обоснования эффективности инвестиционных программ, в основе которой использован принцип моделируемого ресурсообеспечения, производимого посредством анализа стоимостных показателей строительных ресурсов в составе проектной документации объектов-аналогов. Изложена последовательность, а также особенности моделирования ресурсообеспечения инвестиционных проектов, заключающегося в ресурсно-технологическом моделировании стоимостных показателей проектной документации объектов-аналогов. Значимость проведенного исследования состоит в практическом применении разработчиками документации по обоснованию инвестиций, менеджерами проектов и техническими заказчиками ресурсно-технологического моделирования ресурсообеспечения инвестиционных проектов, позволяющего обосновать решение о выделении бюджетных средств на инвестиционно-строительные проекты, а также снизить риск недостоверного определения сметной стоимости при проектировании и строительстве объекта.
Участие ЦНИИПромзданий в разработке нормативно-технической документации в строительстве
Authors: ГРАНЕВ Виктор Владимирович , ЛЕЙКИНА Диана Кононовна
Published: March 2021

Рассмотрен процесс разработки нормативно-технической документации для строительства в соответствии с требованиями федерального закона "Технический регламент о безопасности зданий и сооружений". С 2010 по 2015 гг. была проведена актуализация строительных норм и правил, затем, базируясь на выполненных до 1990-х гг. научных исследованиях, стали разрабатываться новые своды правил и стандарты. На примере деятельности Центрального научно-исследовательского и проектно-экспериментального института промышленных зданий и сооружений рассмотрена последовательность разработки нормативных документов в последние годы. С 2015 г. осуществлялись научные исследования, мониторинг и анализ нормативно-технической документации, гармонизация с международными техническими нормами с последующей разработкой новых сводов правил, государственных стандартов, стандартов организаций, методических пособий и др. К их числу относится свод правил "Индустриальные парки и промышленные кластеры", а также ряд сводов правил по проектированию каркасных зданий, спортивных сооружений, по правилам эксплуатации зданий и сооружений. Разработка положений по эксплуатации конструкций зданий и сооружений позволяет существенно уменьшить количество аварий. Мониторинг поведения несущих конструкций предлагается проводить в автоматическом режиме с помощью разработанной системы мониторинга деформационного состояния конструкций.
David Hume and the Jacobites
Authors: Skjönsberg Max
Published: March 2021

This article examines the connections between the Scottish Enlightenment thinker David Hume (1711–76) and the Jacobites. Many of his friendships with Jacobites are known, but they have rarely been explored in detail, perhaps because they sit uneasily with the now dominant interpretation of Hume as a whig. While he was frequently accused of Jacobitism in his lifetime, this article does not seek to revive the myth that he was committed to the cause of the Stuarts at any stage of his life. However, his balanced treatment of Jacobitism indicates that we should dismiss entrenched dichotomies between enlightenment and progressive whiggism on the one hand, and nostalgic and conservative Jacobitism on the other. Despite his own lack of Jacobite commitments, the case of Hume shows that Jacobitism needs to be better integrated into Scottish enlightenment studies.
HEMŞİRELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KANITA DAYALI HEMŞİRELİK UYGULAMALARINA YÖNELİK BİLGİ, TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARI
Authors: ÇELİK Sevim , KÖSTEKLİ Sibel , KARAHAN Elif
Published: March 2021

Araştırmanın amacı, öğrenci hemşirelerin kanıta dayalı hemşirelik uygulamalarına yönelik bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemektir. Bu kesitsel tipte tanımlayıcı çalışma, bir fakültenin hemşirelik bölümünde 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar yarıyılında öğrenim gören 722 öğrenci ile yapıldı. Veriler, anket formu ve Öğrencilerin Kanıta Dayalı Hemşirelik Konusundaki Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışları Ölçeği ile toplandı. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemlerin yanı sıra student t testi, tek yönlü ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Pearson Korelasyon testi ile değerlendirildi. Öğrencilerin ölçeğin bilgi alt boyutundan ortalama 22.14±4.78, tutum alt boyutundan ortalama 24.10±5.80, gelecekte kullanma alt boyutundan 37.49±7.56 ve uygulama alt boyutundan 16.69±5.86 puan aldıkları bulundu. Öğrencilerin yaşları ve öğrenim gördükleri sınıf ile ölçeğin bilgi, tutum ve gelecekte kullanma alt boyutları puan ortalamalarının istatistiksel anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlendi (p<0.05). Üniversitede kanıta dayalı hemşirelik ile ilgili ders alan, üniversite dışında bu konuya yönelik eğitime katılan ve mesleki uygulamalarında kanıta dayalı hemşirelik bilgisine ihtiyaç duyduğunu ifade eden öğrencilerin ölçeğin uygulama alt boyutu puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu saptandı (p<0.05). Araştırma öğrencilerin kanıta dayalı uygulama bilgi, tutum ve gelecekte kullanma puan ortalamalarının iyi düzeyde olduğunu, uygulama puan ortalamasının orta düzeyde olduğunu gösterdi. Öğrencilerin yaş ve sınıf düzeylerinin bilgi, tutum, gelecekte kullanma ve uygulama puan ortalamalarında etkili olduğu saptandı.
POLITICAL ETHICS IN BERGER DIALECTICS AGAINST THE MEANING OF POWER OF THE SOUTH NIAS DPRD MEMBERS FOR THE 2014-2019 PERIOD
Authors: Manao Hadirat
Published: March 2021

The establishment of South Nias Regency is of course accompanied by the formation of new legislatif and executive institutions to run the government. The formation of these institutions provided an opportunity for the emergence of local Nias Selatan elites to take up positions as legislators and regional heads. Reflecting from the above view, this research is a case study that focuses on developing in-depth descriptions and explanations of the meaning of the position of legislatif members in South Nias in 2014. specifically the perspective of Peter L Berger's social construction.At a practical level, this study can be a "mirror" for local political elites in South Nias to understand the political dynamics in the district more sharply and deeply, and can be considered in formulating more appropriate strategies and tactics.The method in this study uses the phenomenology approach. This approach prioritizes human existence as something that must be interpreted or interpreted. Phenomenology in this study basically seeks to uncover and describe the meaning of the position of DPRD members for competing local South Nias elites. The conclusions in this study reveal that the reality of the meaning of office is in the view of members of the South Nias DPRD, namely as a mandate, arena of contestation, and aspects of interests. The factors underlying the interest of South Nias DPRD members towards positions were formed in two spheres, namely the individual domain and the community domain. In the individual domain, their interest in the position is motivated by four factors, namely internal motivation, external motivation, skills, and goals. While in the community domain there are three factors, namely the previous orientation, current orientation, and future orientation. The motive of South Nias DPRD members in choosing to become officials in the ranks of the government bureaucracy is to become a direct actor in South Nias regional development. Being an official for members of the South Nias DPRD is important than that position held by people who do not care about the development of South Nias. If the position is held by people who do not understand the history, culture and customs of South Nias, it will be fatal.
Implementasi Kedisiplinan dalam Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa di Mts Negeri 1 Kediri Jawa Timur
Authors: Sulistiawati Nining
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was carried out to find out how the application of student discipline in MTs Negeri 1 Kediri along with Supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of student discipline that had an influence on improving student learning achievement at MTs Negeri 1 Kediri Jawa Timur.This study uses a qualitative approach in the form of field studies in MTs Negeri 1 Kediri. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is done by collecting data, presenting data, reducing data, and verifying data or drawing conclusions. Test the validity of data by prioritizing data credibility, transferability, strength of reality, confirmation of research objects.The results of this study indicate that in the implementation of discipline for students must be carried out by all elements of the school community and also connected with all school programs. The application of student discipline poses obstacles when the school discipline program is not carried out by all school members and is not supported by parents and student environment. Conversely students will be able to discipline if all school members carry out discipline and have the support of parents when students are at home. Disciplining students can improve student learning achievements both academic and non-academic.
Metode Modelling dalam Pendidikan Karakter pada Anak (Analisis Surat Al Ahzab Ayat 21)
Authors: Aini Nurwulandari Devi
Published: March 2021

The aim of this research is to analyze surah Al-Azhab verse 21 which contains of exemplary method. The exemplary method related to character building of children. The background of research is the lack of models or figures in exemplary, by the result children having exemplary crisis.This research is library research, by using tafsir approach. The primer source of the research is tafsir Asy-Syaâ€™rawi with the interpretation of Muhammad Mutawalli ash-Sha'rawi and also Tafseer Al- Mishbah by Muhammad Quraish Shihab.The research result showed that exemplary method is effectively enough to shape children characters. Parents and teachers should be giving proper example due to children have imitating nature. Parents and teacher need to have traits such as Prophet Muhammad as contained in surah Al-Azhab verse 21
Analisis Peran Gawai dalam Membantu Perkembangan Belajar Siswa
Authors: Nourrochmatul Umah Siti
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of devices in helping students' learning development.The research is library research, this research was conducted by conducting and examining in depth through an analytical description of the role of devices in helping students' learning development. The subjects of this study were students from various levels of education. Data sources come from books, journals, articles, previous theses, and websites. While data analysis was carried out by means of descriptive analysis.The results showed that devices played a very important role in helping students learning development. This is evidenced by the 4.0 industrial revolution which is usually called the digital age. The field of education is one aspect that must be sensitive to technological developments.
Analisis Pendidikan Karakter Anak Usia Dini Melalui Model Pembelajaran Sentra (Beyond Center and Circle Time)
Authors: Alfianti Nurlia
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research is to analyze early-children education through the beyond and circle time (BCCT) model.The research is library research, conducted by collecting and analyzing data in the form of books; journals; earlier thesis; website; articles and Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia relating to the beyond and circle time (BCCT) model. While the analysis of those data carried out using content analysis method.The results showed that character education could be done appropriately through the beyond and circle time (BCCT) model. That is because of the process of its model, which is prioritizing character education.
Use of Energy Drinks Among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yalçın Gulsen , Sayinbatur Bahattin , Caynak Musa
Published: March 2021

Aim: Energy drinks are widely consumed among young people, although they have serious side effects. This study is intended to describe the relations between variables such as socio-demographic characteristics, daily habits, consumption of energy drinks, and its frequency among participants.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive research is a survey of consecutive patients aged between 10 and 18 years who admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Outpatient Clinic of Diyarbakır Pediatric Diseases Hospital between November 1, 2019 and April 30, 2020. Note that the frequency distribution and averages were found and categorical data were compared using the chi-square test while numerical data were compared using the independent sample t test.

Results: Note that 503 participants were included in the study; the mean age of the participants was 16.0±1.9 years, 59.4% (n=299), of which were male. Moreover, 64.2% (n=323), of the participants consumed energy drinks with 65.3% (n=211) consuming one can per week; 45.5% (n=147) of participants consumed energy drinks out of curiosity. Moreover, as the level of education and income of the participants and the parents decreased, the consumption of energy drinks increased, and this was statistically significant. Alcohol, smoking, and substance use increased the rate of energy drinks consumption, which was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion: Educational programs should be planned to inform the whole society, and especially children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status and educational background about the damages to health caused by energy drinks consumption. Moreover, it is necessary to review the legal regulations for the sale and marketing of energy drinks.

Keywords: energy drinks, consumption, adolescents
Investigation of Vitamin D Deficiency in  Pre-School Children During Summer Season
Authors: Ulgen Temel Esra , Kocabay Kenan , Ozkan Aybars
Published: March 2021

Aim: Vitamin D deficiency is an important public health problem, especially affecting children. The aim of our study is to evaluate the serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels of children during the summer and to determine some features such as exposure to the sun, oral vitamin D supplementation, and to examine the parameters that affect serum vitamin D levels.

Methods: In our study, children aged between 12 and 83 months were included. A questionnaire was answered by families. In this cross-sectional study, serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels of children and biochemical parameters were examined.

Results: The mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level was 27.0±12.4 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency was found 17%, and vitamin D insufficiency was 6%. The children that taking daycare indoors and body mass index <5th percentile had lower serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels. Children between the ages of 12- 36 months and children with chronic diseases were found to have a shorter time to benefit from sunlight.

Conclusion: The rate of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (<20 ng/ml) in children were found at 23% in summer season. Families and caregivers should be informed about vitamin D and should be aware of safe sun exposure.

Keywords: Vitamin D, sunlight, summer, children, vitamin D deficiency
Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Enhances Pneumococcal Transmission Among Littermates in an Infant Mouse Model
Authors: Murakami Daichi , Kono Masamitsu , Nanushaj Denisa , Kaneko Fumie , Zangari Tonia , Muragaki Yasuteru , Weiser Jeffrey N. , Hotomi Muneki
Published: March 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae, one of the most common commensal pathogens among children, is spread by close contact in daycare centers or within a family. Host innate immune responses and bacterial virulence factors promote pneumococcal transmission. However, investigations into the effects of environmental factors on transmission have been limited. Passive smoking, a great concern for children’s health, has been reported to exacerbate pneumococcal diseases. Here, we describe the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on an infant mouse model of pneumococcal transmission. Our findings reveal that the effect of cigarette smoke exposure significantly promotes pneumococcal transmission by enhancing bacterial shedding from the colonized host and by increasing susceptibility to pneumococcal colonization in the new host, both of which are critical steps of transmission. Local inflammation, followed by mucosal changes (such as mucus hypersecretion and disruption of the mucosal barrier), are important underlying mechanisms for promotion of transmission by smoke exposure. These effects were attributable to the constituents of cigarette smoke rather than smoke itself. These findings provide the first experimental evidence of the impact of environmental factors on pneumococcal transmission and the mechanism of pathogenesis.
Case Report: Metastatic Bronchopulmonary Carcinoid Tumor to the Pineal Region
Authors: Cuoco Joshua A. , Kortz Michael W. , McCray Edwin , Guilliams Evin L. , Busch Christopher M. , Rogers Cara M. , Jarrett Robert W. , Mittal Sandeep
Published: March 2021

Intracranial spread of a systemic malignancy is common in advanced staged cancers; however, metastasis specifically to the pineal gland is a relatively rare occurrence. A number of primary lesions have been reported to metastasize to the pineal gland, the most common of which is lung. However, metastasis of a bronchial neuroendocrine tumor to the pineal gland is a seldom-reported entity. Here, we present a 53-year-old female who presented with worsening headaches and drowsiness. MRI brain revealed a heterogeneously enhancing partially cystic mass in the pineal region. The patient had an extensive oncologic history consisting of remote stage IIA invasive breast ductal carcinoma as well as a more recently diagnosed atypical bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumor with lymph node metastases. She underwent microsurgical volumetric resection of the large pineal mass and a gross total removal of the tumor was achieved. Histopathology confirmed a metastatic tumor of neuroendocrine origin and the immunohistochemical profile was identical to the primary bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor. Eight weeks after surgery, she underwent stereotactic radiosurgical treatment to the resection cavity. At 1-year follow-up, the patient remains clinically stable without any new focal neurological deficits and without any evidence of residual or recurrent disease on postoperative MRI. Metastatic neuroendocrine tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pineal region tumors and aggressive surgical resection should be considered in selected patients. Gross total tumor resection may afford excellent local disease control. We discuss the relevant literature on neuroendocrine tumors and current treatment strategies for intracranial metastases of neuroendocrine origin.
Short-Term High-Fat Feeding Does Not Alter Mitochondrial Lipid Respiratory Capacity but Triggers Mitophagy Response in Skeletal Muscle of Mice
Authors: Ehrlicher Sarah E. , Stierwalt Harrison D. , Newsom Sean A. , Robinson Matthew M.
Published: March 2021

Lipid overload of the mitochondria is linked to the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle which may be a contributing factor to the progression of type 2 diabetes during obesity. The targeted degradation of mitochondria through autophagy, termed mitophagy, contributes to the mitochondrial adaptive response to changes in dietary fat. Our previous work demonstrates long-term (2-4 months) consumption of a high-fat diet increases mitochondrial lipid oxidation capacity but does not alter markers of mitophagy in mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate initial stages of mitochondrial respiratory adaptations to high-fat diet and the activation of mitophagy. C57BL/6J mice consumed either a low-fat diet (LFD, 10% fat) or high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) for 3 or 7 days. We measured skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and protein markers of mitophagy in a mitochondrial-enriched fraction of skeletal muscle. After 3 days of HFD, mice had lower lipid-supported oxidative phosphorylation alongside greater electron leak compared with the LFD group. After 7 days, there were no differences in mitochondrial respiration between diet groups. HFD mice had greater autophagosome formation potential (Beclin-1) and greater activation of mitochondrial autophagy receptors (Bnip3, p62) in isolated mitochondria, but no difference in downstream autophagosome (LC3II) or lysosome (Lamp1) abundance after both 3 and 7 days compared with the LFD groups. In cultured myotubes, palmitate treatment decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and hydrogen peroxide treatment increased accumulation of upstream mitophagy markers. We conclude that several days of high-fat feeding stimulated upstream activation of skeletal muscle mitophagy, potentially through lipid-induced oxidative stress, without downstream changes in respiration.
Electrical Characteristics Estimation of Photovoltaic Modules via Cuckoo Search—Relevant Vector Machine Probabilistic Model
Authors: Ban Jianmin , Pan Xinyu , Gu Minming
Published: March 2021

This work presents an optimized probabilistic modeling methodology that facilitates the modeling of photovoltaic (PV) modules with measured data over a range of environmental conditions. The method applies cuckoo search to optimize kernel parameters, followed by electrical characteristics estimation via relevance vector machine. Unlike analytical modeling techniques, the proposed cuckoo search-relevance vector machine (CS-RVM) takes advantages of no required knowledge of internal PV parameters, more accurate estimation capability and less computational effort. A comparative study has been done among the electrical characteristics predicted by back-propagation neural network (BPNN), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), support vector machine (SVM), Villalva's model, relevance vector machine (RVM), and the CS-RVM. Experimental results show that the proposed CS-RVM provides the best prediction in most scenarios.
The Poisson-Lognormal Model as a Versatile Framework for the Joint Analysis of Species Abundances
Authors: Chiquet Julien , Mariadassou Mahendra , Robin Stéphane
Published: March 2021

Joint Species Distribution Models (JSDM) provide a general multivariate framework to study the joint abundances of all species from a community. JSDM account for both structuring factors (environmental characteristics or gradients, such as habitat type or nutrient availability) and potential interactions between the species (competition, mutualism, parasitism, etc.), which is instrumental in disentangling meaningful ecological interactions from mere statistical associations. Modeling the dependency between the species is challenging because of the count-valued nature of abundance data and most JSDM rely on Gaussian latent layer to encode the dependencies between species in a covariance matrix. The multivariate Poisson-lognormal (PLN) model is one such model, which can be viewed as a multivariate mixed Poisson regression model. Inferring such models raises both statistical and computational issues, many of which were solved in recent contributions using variational techniques and convex optimization tools. The PLN model turns out to be a versatile framework, within which a variety of analyses can be performed, including multivariate sample comparison, clustering of sites or samples, dimension reduction (ordination) for visualization purposes, or inferring interaction networks. This paper presents the general PLN framework and illustrates its use on a series a typical experimental datasets. All the models and methods are implemented in theRpackagePLNmodels, available fromcran.r-project.org.
Gene Editing of Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Hopes and Hurdles Toward Clinical Translation
Authors: Ferrari Samuele , Vavassori Valentina , Canarutto Daniele , Jacob Aurelien , Castiello Maria Carmina , Javed Attya Omer , Genovese Pietro
Published: March 2021

In the field of hematology, gene therapies based on integrating vectors have reached outstanding results for a number of human diseases. With the advent of novel programmable nucleases, such as CRISPR/Cas9, it has been possible to expand the applications of gene therapy beyond semi-random gene addition to site-specific modification of the genome, holding the promise for safer genetic manipulation. Here we review the state of the art of ex vivo gene editing with programmable nucleases in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We highlight the potential advantages and the current challenges toward safe and effective clinical translation of gene editing for the treatment of hematological diseases.
Identify of Fast-Growing Related Genes Especially in Height Growth by Combining QTL Analysis and Transcriptome in Salix matsudana (Koidz)
Authors: Liu Guoyuan , Yang Qingshan , Gao Junfeng , Wu Yuwei , Feng Zhicong , Huang Jingke , Zou Hang , Zhu Xingzhao , Chen Yanhong , Yu Chunmei , Lian Bolin , Zhong Fei , Zhang Jian
Published: March 2021

The study on the fast-growing traits of trees, mainly valued by tree height (TH) and diameter at breast height (DBH), is of great significance to promote the development of the forest industry. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping based on high-density genetic maps is an efficient approach to identify genetic regions for fast-growing traits. In our study, a high-density genetic map for the F1 population was constructed. The genetic map had a total size of 5,484.07 centimorgan (cM), containing 5,956 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on Specific Length Amplified Fragment sequencing. Six fast-growing related stable QTL were identified on six chromosomes, and five stable QTL were identified by a principal component analysis (PCA). By combining the RNA-seq analysis for the two parents and two progenies with the qRT-PCR analysis, four candidate genes, annotated as DnaJ, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 (ACO1), Caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase 1 (COMT1), and Dirigent protein 6 (DIR6), that may regulate height growth were identified. Several lignin biosynthesis-related genes that may take part in height growth were detected. In addition, 21 hotspots in this population were found. The results of this study will provide an important foundation for further studies on the molecular and genetic regulation of TH and DBH.