bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between E. coli, Enterobacter spp. and S. aureus isolated from intestinal microflora and blood proteins associated with the immune system and infectious diseases during 3-day dry immersion
Authors: Komissarova Daria V. , Larina I. M. , Pastushkova L. H. , Kashirina D. N. , Usanova N. A. , Ilyin V. K.
Published: December 2024

“Dry” immersion is one of the methods for simulating some factors of a space flight. Volunteer-derived intestinal microbiota previously studied by “dry” immersion showed profoundly deteriorated state of microflora and blood protein composition. The study was aimed to analyze mechanisms underlying a positive correlation with amount of intestinal E. coli, and negative correlation between S. aureus and Enterobacter spp. with the number of human blood proteins assessed by proteomics methods based on mass spectrometry, in a 3-day experiment “dry” female immersion. 6 female volunteers aged from 25 to 40 years took part in the 3-days “dry” immersion experiment. During the experiment, the subjects did not take any drugs that could affect the microflora. Fecal samples were collected once per 1–2 days before the onset of the experiment and once on days 1–3 after the end of the “dry” immersion, number of microorganisms in the above-mentioned samples was assessed. Capillary blood samples were obtained by puncture of the terminal phalanx of the ring finger 2 days before the onset of the experiment, on day 1, 2 and 3 during dry immersion and 2 days afterwards. The relationship between the level of proteins in the samples and the number of intestinal microorganisms was described using a regression model in which the blood specific protein was a dependent variable, and the number of microorganisms was an independent variable. The STATISTICA 12.0 program was used for data processing. When analyzing the data obtained, 30 proteins were identified, which positively correlated with the amount of E. coli and negatively correlated with the amount of S. aureus and Enterobacter spp. While considering the events in which these proteins are involved in the human body, they were divided into several groups. In the current study, there were examined 6 proteins associated with infectious diseases (PSMA2, PSMC3, PSME2, NCKAP1, LTF, ENO1) and 10 immune-related proteins (the above-mentioned proteins, as well as CCT2, APOB, FGB, CA1, STOM). Thus, it is necessary to continue close examination of the mechanisms underlying this relationship in the interest of ensuring spaceflight medical safety.
Studying the bactericidal effect of commercial disinfectants on Brucella
Authors: Zharinova N. V. , Serdyuk N. S. , Zhilchenko E. B. , Karapetyan Manya G. , Belozyorova O. N.
Published: December 2024

Pathogens, particularly Brucella spp., pose a serious threat to human and animal health. In the complex of anti-epidemic and sanitary-hygienic measures aimed at preventing infectious diseases, chemical disinfection plays an important role. This disinfection method is one of the effective, reliable and common ways to combat pathogenic biological agents. An important role is played by modern quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC)-based disinfectants. In relation to chemical disinfectants, the causative agent of brucellosis belongs to the group of low-resistant microorganisms. Solutions of sublimate, creolin, phenol, sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric and acetic acids, formalin, chloramine, hydrogen peroxide, solutions of disinfectants based on QAC, triamine and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) have pronounced bactericidal activity against brucellae. However, the instructions for commercial disinfectants note a bactericidal activity against pathogens of particularly dangerous infections (plague, tularemia, cholera and anthrax), but do not indicate antimicrobial properties against Brucella. The purpose of the work was to determine the antimicrobial properties of five commercial disinfectants “Alfadez Forte”, “Aminaz-Plus”, “Veltolen”, “Desarin” and “Laina-med”, used in the disinfection of objects with especially dangerous infections of bacterial etiology. The studies were carried out using the suspension method, according to the manual “Methods of laboratory research and testing of disinfectants to assess their effectiveness and safety”. Three vaccine strains B. melitensis Rev-1, B. abortus 19 BA, B. suis 61 were used as test microbes. As a result of the studies, it was found that commercial disinfectants “Alfadez Forte”, “Aminaz-Plus”, “Veltolen”, “Desarin” and “Lina-med” in the concentrations proposed by the manufacturers in the instructions for use when working with particularly dangerous infections (plague, tularemia, cholera) have bactericidal properties relative to vaccine strains.
TUMOR INFECTION WITH HUMAN HERPES VIRUSES AND FEATURES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTE SUBSET COMPOSITION IN PATIENTS WITH UVEAL MELANOMA
Authors: Svetlova Elena , Balatskaya Natalya Vladimirovna , Kulikova Irina Gennadievna , Saakayan Svetlana Vladimirovna , Svirina Irina Vitalievna , Andryushin Alexander Evgenievich , Myakoshina Elena Borisovna
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction. Currently, a role for human herpes viruses (HHV) in development of ocular oncopathology remains one of the poorly explored issues. An important factor contributing to neoplastic progression is impaired immunosurveillance particularly alterations in quantitative and qualitative composition of the hallmark peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. Purpose: to determine and analyze peripheral blood lymphocyte subset composition in patients with uveal melanoma (UM) assessing human herpes viruses (HHV) infection in tumor material. Materials and Methods. Biomaterial from 99 patients with uveal tract tumors was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) for DNA presence coupled to herpes virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1,2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpes virus types 6 and 8 (HHV-6, HHV-8). A total of 231 test samples (tumor tissue (n=99), blood (n=132)) were examined. Commercial test-systems of Vector-Best CJSC were used for rt-PCR staging. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subset composition in all patients was studied by laser cytofluorometry on BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer. The control group included 33 healthy donors. Statistical data processing was performed using “Biostatd”, “Excel” (t - Student's t-test, level of statistical significance: p 0.05) software. Results. HHV DNA was detected in the tumor material from 11.3% of patients (n=11): in 72.7% of cases EBV, in 18.2% –– HHV-6. Co-infection with EBV and HHV-6 was detected in 1 case (retinal pigment epithelium adenocarcinoma). According to the PCR data, patients were divided into 2 groups based on tumor infectivity: Group 1 –– HHV “+” and Group 2 –– HHV “-”. Patients from HHV “+” group had significantly increased and decreased total T-cell (CD3+) and NK-cell count, respectively, compared with patients lacking HHV DNA in tumor tissue and control group. Individual analysis of frequencies deviating from normal range showed that HHV “+” group had 3-fold more often increased percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes, 2-fold more often absolute count of CD3+CD4+CD8+ cells, 2.3-fold more often rise in CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Conclusion. The obtained data suggest that viruses may be involved in maintaining immunological resistance in tumor patients.
TYPE PROFILE OF HIGH ONCOGENIC RISK HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS IN CLINICAL FORMS OF CERVICAL INFECTION IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Dushkin Alexander D. , Afanasiev Maxim S. , Afanasiev Stanislav S. , Nesvizhsky Yuri V. , Grishacheva Tatyana G. , Biryukova Elena S. , Borisova Olga Yu. , Dushkina Irina A. , Karaulov Alexander V.
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aim: To establish a relationship between the clinical forms of cervical papillomavirus infection and the specific characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types.
The study included 1063 patients aged 16 to 71 years (Me = 33; IQR: 29–38) with active papillomavirus infection and its clinical forms. The patients were stratified into groups based on disease clinical forms during active HPV infection: carriers, mild cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, moderate cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive cervical cancer. Diagnostics was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with HPV typing (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68). The results demonstrated that viruses from the alpha-phylogenetic branch are responsible for developing clinical forms of HPV infection. It was found that severe forms of infection, including cervical cancer, was mainly linked to A9 family (HPV16, HPV31, HPV58) viruses, whereas initial disease stages – to A5 and A6 families (HPV51 and HPV66). A particularly significant observation is the transition from A5, A6, and A7 family HPV viruses with relation to HPV16, to the A9 family showing highly related to HPV16. This observation underscores the high significance of HPV16 monoinfection in cervical cancer within the context of the replication theory for HPV16-like viruses. Viral load exhibits a wave-like pattern depending on the clinical form and HPV family, indicating the dynamic nature of the infection process and the potential changes in viral load based on the disease stage and virus type. The study highlights the importance of identifying a specific HPV type in mono- or polyinfection to assess disease clinical form. This can provide significant aid to clinicians for assessing severity of the infection and devising the appropriate management strategy for patients. In conclusion, our findings emphasize a need to take into consideration a HPV type in diagnostics and treatment of cervical papillomavirus infection. This approach will enhance prognostic accuracy and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing disease progression and cervical cancer development.
H/D isotope effects in the electrical conductivity of LaScO3-based solid state proton-conducting electrolyte
Authors:   Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Antonova Ekaterina P.
Published: December 2024

Electrical conductivity of a solid proton-conducting electrolyte with the composition of La0.9Sr0.1ScO3 is studied depending on temperature and oxygen partial pressure in the atmospheres, humidified with H2O and D2O. Isotope H/D effect in the electrical conductivity is observed at the temperatures below 700 °C in air conditions. For reductive atmosphere, the isotope effect is pronounced for the whole investigated temperature range. Based on the pO2-dependencies of electrical conductivity, the transport numbers of ions and electron holes are determined. The ionic transport numbers in the H2O-containing atmosphere are found to be higher than the corresponding values for the D2O-containing atmosphere for all investigated conditions. The possible role of protons (deuterons) in the oxygen ion transport is pointed out. The kinetic isotope effect is found to be predominant in the conditions under study.
Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth Dynamics in Morocco from 1960 to 2022: A Nonlinear Modelling Approach
Authors:   Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco, Dkhissi Atman
Published: December 2024

This study employs a nonlinear modelling approach to examine the relationship between fiscal policy and economic growth in Morocco from 1960 to 2022. Traditional linear models often assume a linear relationship between fiscal variables and economic growth, disregarding potential non-linearities. We use a Discrete Threshold Regression (TR) model, which describes a simple form of nonlinear regression featuring piecewise linear specifications and regime switching that occurs when an observed variable crosses unknown thresholds. Threshold modelling fixes these thresholds at 7.8% for the fiscal deficit and 70.9% for public debt. Below these thresholds, fiscal austerity in Morocco is recessionary (Keynesian regime). Above them, austerity becomes expansionary (classical regime). Our main policy implication is that when the debt-to-GDP ratio reaches 70.9% and /or the fiscal deficit hits 7.8%, rebuilding fiscal buffers should be a priority for the economy. Fiscal austerity will not only help restore sustainable debt levels but also stimulate economic growth. On the other hand, in countries where debt is under control, governments should not hesitate to implement fiscal stimulus measures. In the case of Morocco, it was found that when the public debt rate is below 70.9%, a 1 percentage point decrease in taxes is associated with a 0.1 percentage point increase in economic growth, although this result is not statistically significant. On the expenditure side, it was observed that a 1 percentage point increase in public spending is correlated with a 0.4 percentage point rise in economic growth. This study strengthens and complements existing literature that examines the relationship between fiscal policy and growth. Its scientific novelty lies in the use of a nonlinear approach.
Influência do componente estrutura na qualidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde do Distrito Federal
Authors: Scherer Magda Duarte dos Anjos , Forte Elaine , Abreu Brenda Ferreira de , Aguiar Ricardo Saraiva , Santos Elizel Monteiro dos , Xavier Mayra Fernandes , Poças Katia Crestine
Published: December 2024

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo qualitativo descritivo foi analisar a influência do componente estrutura dos serviços de saúde na qualidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Distrito Federal (DF) na percepção de gestores locais, no âmbito do Programa de Qualificação da Atenção Primária. Os dados foram produzidos em Grupos Focais com 77 gestores de Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) em 2020. O conteúdo foi analisado por meio do Mapa de Associação de Ideias e codificados no software ATLAS.ti® à luz da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. A quantidade inadequada de profissionais nas equipes, em especial de agentes comunitários de saúde, a não padronização dos processos de trabalho, a não definição das áreas de cobertura, o déficit de manutenção de equipamentos, sistemas de informação que não se comunicam, a ausência de veículos e a estrutura precária de algumas UBS foram os principais achados que representam requisitos de estrutura que influenciam na qualidade da APS. Destaca-se a contribuição deste estudo para orientar estratégias de melhoria na estrutura dos serviços, requisito essencial para a prestação de cuidados mais seguros e de qualidade na APS do DF.
Structural typology of Primary Health Care Units in the Federal District
Authors: Furlanetto Denise de Lima Costa , Santos Wallace Enrico Boaventura Gonçalves dos , Cavalcante Fabrício Vieira , Xavier Mayra Fernandes , Lima Adriano de Almeida de , Santos Ricardo Ramos dos , Santos Leonor Maria Pacheco
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT The structure typology is a composite indicator that includes physical structure, availability of equipment, material and human resources, and information systems. A 43-variable instrument based on the proposed national typology was constructed to develop a typology to evaluate the Primary Health Care Units (PHC Units) in the Federal District (FD), Brazil. Data were collected from the PHC Unit and the FD’s information systems from August/2020 to January/2021. In the analysis, the dimensions were weighted and classified into types A, B, C, D, and E (A adequate/E insufficient)-one hundred fifty-seven of the 165 existing PHC Units provided complete data for evaluation. Three PHC Units obtained the maximum Type A classification, representing 1.9% of the total; 53 PHC Units were Type B (33.8%), 52 Type C (33.1%), 30 Type D (19.1%), and 19 Type E (12.1%). Nine PHC Units scored very low in ‘available services’ with unavailable vaccinations, telehealth, tests, and medicines and had incomplete teams. The result showed that the PHC Units in the FD require structural improvements, which, aligned with the other actions provided for in the Qualis-APS Program, will improve PHC quality in the FD and develop the full potential of the health teams.
Family Health Strategy dental surgeons’ perception of Integrative and Complementary Practices
Authors: Alvarenga Ana Claudia Cordeiro , Thomes Caroline Rodrigues , Xavier Fabiana Gonring , Siqueira Marluce Mechelli de
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Although institutionalized in the Unified Health System, the dynamics of implementing Integrative and Complementary Practices (PICS) in the Family Health Strategy, from the perspective of dentistry, represents an unprecedented field of study. The aim was to understand the perception of dental surgeons working in this context in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, regarding the incorporation and implementation of these practices. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with forty dentists, which were recorded, transcribed and submitted to Bardin’s content analysis. Three categories emerged from the data: the understanding of PICS, the perception of incorporation and implementation, and the perception of PICS policies. There was unanimous understanding, acceptance and interest in the practices, showing their value in line with the guidelines of the related policies, highlighting the significant potential available in the municipality. However, challenges such as gaps in knowledge of specific dental policies and regulations, as well as shortcomings in the continuing education process, highlight the importance of improving strategies for disseminating information and training professionals. The conclusion is that, although they have been incorporated and there is considerable potential for expansion, barriers need to be overcome to achieve effective implementation of PICS in the municipality, including in specific contexts such as dentistry.
Institutionalizing the evaluation and monitoring of Primary Health Care in the SUS: contributions to a strategic research agenda
Authors: Vilasbôas Ana Luiza Queiroz , Nedel Fúlvio Borges , Aquino Rosana , Batista Sandro Rogério Rodrigues , Almeida Ana Paula Santana Coelho , Cury Geraldo Cunha , Mendonça Maria Helena Magalhães de , Sarti Thiago Dias , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Giovanella Lígia
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Primary Health Care (PHC) is the base of the Unified Health System (SUS). Strengthening it requires constant evaluation of its processes and outcomes. The PHC Research Network (Rede APS) is promoting an intense debate on strengthening the PHC model, which is territorialized, community-based, and organizes the Health Care Network in the SUS. This essay aims to present a history of initiatives to monitor and evaluate Brazilian PHC and to propose a research agenda involved in consolidating the SUS and strengthening the Family Health Strategy (ESF). It is the result of a critical reflection on the production of knowledge on PHC in Brazil, the fruit of a debate on the political and strategic agenda of the PHC Network with the participation of sectoral actors. The agenda is structured around eight central axes, considering the PHC model to be integrated into care networks, management and financing, work management, digital health, infrastructure, comprehensive health care, and monitoring and evaluation. The PHC Research Network advocates universal coverage by a qualified ESF and the construction of a National Monitoring and Evaluation Policy to guide PHC management and care in the SUS.
Institucionalização da avaliação e monitoramento da Atenção Primária à Saúde no SUS: contribuições para uma agenda estratégica de pesquisa
Authors: Vilasbôas Ana Luiza Queiroz , Nedel Fúlvio Borges , Aquino Rosana , Batista Sandro Rogério Rodrigues , Almeida Ana Paula Santana Coelho , Cury Geraldo Cunha , Mendonça Maria Helena Magalhães de , Sarti Thiago Dias , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Giovanella Lígia
Published: December 2024

RESUMO A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é a base do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Fortalecê-la exige permanente avaliação de seus processos e resultados. A Rede de Pesquisa em APS (Rede APS) promove intenso debate sobre o fortalecimento do modelo de APS de base territorial, comunitária e ordenadora da Rede de Atenção à Saúde no SUS. Este ensaio tem o objetivo de apresentar um histórico das iniciativas de monitoramento e avaliação da APS brasileira e a proposição de uma agenda de pesquisa implicada com a consolidação do SUS e o fortalecimento da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). É resultante da reflexão crítica acerca da produção de conhecimento sobre APS no Brasil, fruto do debate em torno da agenda política e estratégica da Rede APS com participação de atores setoriais. A agenda está estruturada em oito eixos centrais, considerando o modelo de APS a ser integrado às redes de atenção, gestão e financiamento, gestão do trabalho, saúde digital, infraestrutura, atenção integral à saúde, e monitoramento e avaliação. A Rede APS defende a universalização da cobertura por uma ESF qualificada e a construção de uma Política Nacional de Monitoramento e Avaliação para orientar a gestão e o cuidado da APS no SUS.
Out of Africa: Nat Nakasa's Exit Paperwork
Authors: Van Dijck Cedric
Published: December 2024

This article explores the literary imagination that emerged around the paperwork of the South African apartheid state, especially the bureaucratic ephemera—such as dompasses, passports, passport applications and exit permits—that limited the free movement of black individuals. It turns to the case of the South African journalist Nat Nakasa (1937-65). In a first step, I argue that, in Nakasa’s writings, apartheid’s bureaucratic papers are viewed as material curiosities in order to critique the ironic gap between their artificial nature and the hold they had over individual, predominantly black lives. Then I examine how, after Nakasa’s death in exile, the little magazine he had founded, the Classic, dedicated a memorial issue to the journalist, republishing his writings on, as well as preserving his own engagements with, the state’s bureaucratic ephemera. Its ephemeral nature made the little magazine a fitting counter-archive of apartheid. As I go on to argue, the Classic registered in its fragile material form a sense of the regime’s bureaucratic violence—becoming, in turn, a material curiosity from the mid-apartheid years—and yet it persisted against these odds, and was kept and archived. Such a reading aims to throw the political affordances of the magazine’s ephemerality into relief.
Genç ve Yetişkinlerde Psikolojik Esneklik ve Dindarlık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Karslı Necmi , Yanar Özlem
Published: December 2024

Yaşam, tüm evreleriyle değerlendirildiğinde, eşsiz güzelliklerin yanı sıra zorlu koşullar ve acı veren durumlarla dolu, çok yönlü bir süreç olarak tanımlanabilir. Psikolojik esneklik sahibi bireyler, bu tür zorlu yaşantılar ve acı veren durumlarla daha etkili bir şekilde başa çıkarken, esnekliği düşük olanlar bu durumları atlatmakta ve an’a uygun davranış biçimleri geliştirmekte zorluk yaşayabilirler. Din, içerdiği mekanizmalar aracılığıyla bireylerin yaşamsal sıkıntılarla başa çıkma süreçlerine önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın temel problemi, psikolojik esneklik ile dindarlık arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemektir. Ayrıca çalışma, yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, meslek, öğrenim durumu ve ekonomik durum gibi değişkenlerle psikolojik esneklik ve dindarlık arasındaki ilişkilere de odaklanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi, farklı yaş ve meslek gruplarından oluşan 615 bireyi kapsamaktadır. Ölçüm araçları olarak “Psikolojik Esneklik Ölçeği” ve “Dini Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda, psikolojik esneklik ve dini tutum arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada, yaş ve medeni durum ile dini tutum ve psikolojik esneklik arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Bu araştırma, yaşamsal sıkıntılarla başa çıkmada kritik bir mekanizma olan psikolojik esnekliğin gelişiminde dinin önemli katkılar sağlayabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.
Encuentros impensados en la transición nutricional: agroecosistemas andinos en la Sierra central ecuatoriana
Authors: Gallegos-Riofrio Carlos Andres , Waters William F. , Carrasco-Torrontegui Amaya , Iannotti Lora L.
Published: December 2024

Con base en el modelo de transición nutricional, se atribuye la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad, padecimientos ligados a mayores tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad, a un proceso uniforme e inexorable en el que sociedades rurales abandonan sus dietas y prácticas agrícolas tradicionales. Sin embargo, un encuentro impensado durante una intervención nutricional ofreció pistas para cuestionar dicho modelo. Mediante análisis de investigación cualitativa desarrollada entre 2008 y 2015 en la Sierra central de Ecuador, y entrevistas a líderes comunitarios en 2016, encontramos información que sugiere que las transformaciones agroalimentarias son heterogéneas y están moldeadas por circunstancias históricas, geográficas y socioculturales. Varias familias indígenas andinas fusionan prácticas precolombinas, coloniales y actuales con una identidad revalorada, lo cual revitaliza agroecosistemas y dietas tradicionales. Este enfoque refleja resiliencia, resistencia y circularidad en la preservación de los sistemas agroalimentarios indígenas; una movilización comunitaria enraizada en estructuras socioculturales andinas, y surgida de transformaciones que reconocen el pasado como medio simbólico para caminar hacia el futuro.
Alternativas al modelo extractivista: el territorio en reexistencia del Chocó Andino
Authors: SÁNCHEZ ROBLES ÁLVARO
Published: December 2024

El modelo extractivista se impone en Ecuador, al igual que en otros países de América Latina, bajo la presión de los consensos de Washington, de las commodities, de Beijing y de la descarbonización. Esto sucede con la complicidad del Estado ecuatoriano (considerado un mineralo-Estado), sustentado en la creencia de una ilusión desarrollista y de las empresas mineras que buscan lucrarse mediante la acumulación por desposesión. El Chocó Andino se presenta como un territorio en reexistencia que ha logrado prohibir la minería metálica gracias a una consulta popular (resistencia) y que permite imaginar horizontes alternativos al extractivista (reexistencia). De esta manera, el Chocó Andino, en cuanto territorio en reexistencia, muestra el camino hacia modelos basados en el buen vivir y en el decrecimiento.
Espiritualidades andinas en resistencia: mujeres recreando la red de la vida
Authors: Chipana Quispe Sofía , Maher Mónica
Published: December 2024

En este artículo se exploran los movimientos sociales de los pueblos originarios de los Andes, específicamente la resistencia civil de los pueblos aymaras de Perú, con un enfoque en el papel de las espiritualidades ancestrales en el proceso de transformar múltiples formas de violencia, directa, estructural y cultural. Frente al racismo y el despojo territorial neocolonial de parte de las empresas privadas extractivistas en alianza con las Fuerzas Armadas y el Estado, las comunidades se han levantado continuamente con acciones colectivas noviolentas inspiradas y sostenidas en las cosmogonías y cosmovivencias milenarias. Las mujeres juegan un rol clave para recuperar y mantener las espiritualidades ancestrales, y liderar la resistencia comunitaria frente a la violencia y la muerte, recreando la vida en todas sus formas, como parte de una expresión profética más amplia del feminismo comunitario en Abya Yala.
El trabajo infantil y su incorporación en la agenda pública en Ecuador
Authors: Valencia Cepeda María Cristina
Published: December 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre cómo ingresa en la agenda pública el trabajo infantil, uno de los múltiples problemas que históricamente ha aquejado a la región, centrándome en el caso de Ecuador. Mediante el modelo conceptual de análisis de políticas públicas, se detalla el periodo de problematización del trabajo infantil en Ecuador, el poder relativo de diferentes actores que lo definen, el camino que ha tenido que seguir para que el Estado considere que puede y debe hacer algo al respecto y su incorporación en la agenda de problemas socialmente vigentes. Al final, se argumenta la importancia de considerar, en el campo de las políticas públicas, las definiciones de los problemas que se pretenden solucionar como un instrumento de evaluación de las políticas públicas.
Reseña: Christopher Krupa. 2022. A Feast of Flowers: Race, Labor, and Postcolonial Capitalism in Ecuador.
Authors: Uzendoski Michael Arthur
Published: December 2024

Reseña: Christopher Krupa. 2022. A Feast of Flowers: Race, Labor, and Postcolonial Capitalism in Ecuador. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 318 págs.
Iniciativas governamentais de apoio e fortalecimento às feiras livres brasileiras
Authors: Araujo Alexandro Moura , Magalhães Ribeiro Eduardo
Published: December 2024

Feiras livres são instrumentos públicos para o abastecimento alimentar nas cidades, impactam positivamente a economia local, mas ainda carecem de investimentos estatais e privados. Este artigo analisa as ações governamentais concebidas para manter e desenvolvê-las no Brasil. Para isso, analisou-se o conteúdo de 162 editais públicos, voltados para a aquisição de bens, equipamentos e contratações de serviços. Esses documentos indicaram que os investimentos públicos voltados às feiras livres são executados e financiados, principalmente, pelo nível municipal de governo, com o intuito de apoiar e fortalecer produtores rurais feirantes, por meio da aquisição de equipamentos e materiais, tais como barracas, tendas e serviços de infraestrutura. O artigo, sob o prisma do planejamento público, corrobora com estudos de casos pontuais realizados em feiras livres brasileiras, ampliando essas informações, principalmente, no que tange à sua incorporação em agendas nas diferentes esferas governamentais.
Migración en y desde América Latina y el Caribe. Atacar las causas, no las consecuencias
Authors: Carrión Mena Fernando , Enríquez Bermeo Francisco
Published: December 2024

América Latina soporta ahora un auge migratorio principalmente intrarregional, aunque una parte se proyecta hacia los países del norte, principalmente hacia los EE.UU. Las causas de ese auge migratorio son las desigualdades, la violencia, el despojo y la inestabilidad. En reacción, los países receptores de esa migración endurecen las condiciones de control migratorio y no enfrentan sus causas, a pesar de ser corresponsables de algunas de ellas. La cocaína que se consume de manera abundante en los países del norte durante decenios, ha creado y fortalecido a bandas criminales transnacionales que han transformado a América Latina en una plataforma global del tráfico y trata de personas, convirtiendo a la migración en otro mercado ilegal de alta rentabilidad, aprovechando la desesperación de pueblos que huyen de la violencia, la miseria y la muerte, por cuanto les cobran alta tarifas para sacarles de esos lugares y conducirles a otras también peligrosos. Urge cambiar las políticas públicas actuando de manera coherente entre todos los Estados del sur y del norte involucrados, afrontando las causas que provocan la migración en los lugares de origen y enfrentando a las bandas criminales que operan de manera transfronteriza. La acción de los Estados nacionales para enfrentar este problema no está en la negación del derecho a migrar, sino en brindar oportunidades de vida en paz.
El debate sobre la gestación por sustitución en Argentina: el vacío legal y sus consecuencias
Authors: Penchansky Maria Celina
Published: December 2024

En el presente artículo se indaga sobre las ideas que sustentaron los argumentos contrarios a regular la técnica de gestación por sustitución en Argentina. Se analiza el papel que jugaron los saberes expertos médicos, legales y bioéticos para enmarcar la discusión sobre la posibilidad concreta de incluir esta figura en el Código Civil y Comercial del país. Si bien la discusión legislativa se produjo en un periodo político y social en el cual la comunidad LGTBIQ+ conquistó una gama de derechos que formaban parte de sus reivindicaciones históricas, el intento por establecer en el Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación la figura de la gestación por sustitución fue contestado por diversos sectores. La hipótesis de trabajo propuesta aquí es que estos actores se opusieron a su regularización bajo argumentos similares, y en algunos casos compartidos. Por lo tanto, en el texto se concluye que, aun cuando la legislación progresista en torno a la política sexual y reproductiva hizo posible la regulación de las TRHA y allanó el camino en la creación de un marco regulatorio para la GS, las diversas voces opositoras lograron imponerse bajo ideas comunes sobre esta práctica.
Investigation of the distribution of normal contact stresses in deformation zone during hot rolling of strips made of structural low-alloy steels to increase the resistance of working rolls
Authors:   Cherepovets State University, Russian Federation, Pospelov Ivan
Published: December 2024

Introduction. During the operation of the working rolls of the finishing groups of continuous wide-strip hot rolling mills, normal contact stresses have a decisive influence on its resistance and strength, especially when rolling a range of low-alloy structural steels with a minimum thickness range of 5.5–2.0 mm, which does not correspond to the passport characteristics of such mills. The subject of the study. Previously performed studies of the stress-strain state of the rolled strip in the deformation zones make it possible to estimate the level of normal contact stresses acting on the working rolls during hot rolling of strips of low-carbon steels. The paper discusses the results of the study of the stressed state of strips of low-alloy structural steels in contact with rolls, taking into account the features of the chemical composition of the metal and changes in its elastic properties during deformation at hot rolling temperatures. The results obtained are applicable to the evaluation of the contact strength of the finishing rolls of the rolling mill. The purpose of the work is to investigate the distribution of normal contact stresses in the deformation zones during hot rolling of strips of low-alloy structural steels to ensure high resistance of the working rolls. Material and methods. The study is based on the elastic-plastic model and equations for calculating normal contact stresses for each section of the deformation zone. The specificity of variation of Young's modulus (modulus of elasticity) of low-alloyed structural steels in accordance with certain hot rolling temperatures is studied in detail, and the contact strength of high-chromium cast iron work rolls is evaluated. Results and discussion. A reliable regression equation is obtained for determining the values of the Young’s modulus of the rolled strip as a function of changing hot rolling temperatures. The results of a numerical experiment are presented in the form of calculating the maximum normal contact stresses using the elastic-plastic model of the deformation zone and assessing the contact strength of the work rolls based on actual rolling conditions on an operating mill. New improved technological modes of hot rolling of low-alloy structural steels (0.1 C-Cr-Si-Ni-Cu, 0.18 C-Cr-Mn-Ti and 0.14 C-2 Mn-N-V) are proposed, which make it possible to reduce the maximum contact stresses and increase the resistance of the working rolls.
KAPP-Sen TMC: Tissue Sectioning Guidelines (FFPE) - CODEX/PhenoCycler v1
Authors: Sivajothi Santhosh , Soja Emily , F Flynn William , Courtois Elise
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this SOP is to provide general guidelines for preparing FFPE tissue sections suitable for PhenoCycler/CODEX
Gel-Assisted Mass Spectrometry Imaging (GAMSI) Protocol v1
Authors: Ho Chan Yat , Hibbard Maddison , Gao Ruixuan
Published: December 2024

Gel-Assisted Mass Spectrometry Imaging (GAMSI) is an accessible and robust sample preparation and imaging workflow to enhance the spatial resolution of MALDI-MSI to the single-cell scale and beyond. Using mouse brain sections as an example, we describe a step-by-step GAMSI protocol that increases the spatial resolution of MALDI-MSI ~3-6-fold to the sub-micrometer level without changing the existing mass spectrometry hardware or analysis pipeline. The protocol is expected to be applicable to a diverse array of tissue types.
Una discusión con Pablo Melogno sobre los compromisos semánticos de Kuhn: ¿una interpretación inflacionaria o deflacionaria?
Authors:   Universidad de Caldas, Flórez-Quintero Daian-Tatiana ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Published: December 2024

El pensamiento de Pablo Melogno ha ejercido una profunda influencia entre los estudiosos de la filosofía kuhniana en Latinoamérica gracias al minucioso análisis arqueológico de los inéditos de Kuhn, a partir del cual se propone sacar a la luz los compromisos semánticos del autor de The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Entre la abundante literatura que Melogno nos deja como legado intelectual, sobresale un trabajo que cautiva no solo por su rigor, sino por lo provocadores que resultan sus planteamientos. Me refiero a “Towards a Genealogy of Thomas Kuhn’s Semantics” (2023), —en co-autoría con Giri—. Allí, los autores sostienen que Kuhn defiende en textos tempranos un compromiso semántico con la teoría descriptivista del cúmulo. Como creo que esta es una interpretación inflacionaria, en este artículo voy a oponer una interpretación deflacionaria a partir de la cual sostengo que, si bien Kuhn pudo haber anticipado algunos de los planteamientos de la teoría del cúmulo, lo cierto es que el propósito de las conferencias Lowell tiene un carácter semántico destructivo, cuyo foco son las teorías formales —o prescriptivas— del significado.
Honorary degree qualifications from unaccredited institutions
Authors: Resane Kelebogile Thomas
Published: December 2024

There are Pentecostal leaders claiming academic and ecclesial titles such as Dr, Prof, Bishop, Apostle, etc. These honorary degrees are offered by some unaccredited institutions claiming some international status. The phenomenon concerns the Department of Higher Education, Science and Technology. Exorbitant amounts are paid for these bogus qualifications. The problem is hereby addressed by first giving some practical examples of those awarded these qualifications. The second part paints a short history of Pentecostal education and the rise of intellectual tendencies. The third part elaborates on the South African legislature of accreditation of institutions of learning, who qualifies to confer honorary qualifications, and the application of these qualifications. Addressing this problem, church leaders should familiarize themselves with the accreditation processes of institutions and qualifications in South Africa and be aware of the trap of commercialisation of the gospel within the Pentecostal communities these days.
Developing Performance Tests to Measure Digital Skills: Lessons Learned From a Cross-National Perspective
Authors: Van Laar Ester , Van Deursen Alexander J. A. M. , Helsper Ellen J. , Schneider Luc S.
Published: December 2024

This article discusses the development of task-based performance tests designed to measure digital skills among children aged between 12 and 17 years old. The tasks reflect authentic everyday situations to evaluate skill levels. The primary objective is to design performance tests that provide a comprehensive understanding of children’s digital skills. The tests cover three distinct skill dimensions: (a) information navigation and processing; (b) communication and interaction; and (c) content creation and production. These include several subdimensions, offering a detailed perspective on children’s digital skills. The development process itself revealed several methodological challenges that needed to be addressed, yielding valuable lessons for future applications. Key lessons from our cross-national experiences include the importance of involving children early in the design process, using a combination of open-ended and closed tasks, and allocating ample time to walk through the coding scheme.
Optimal material flow channels of cross flow dryers
Authors: Keppler István , Bablena Adrienn
Published: December 2024

Reducing the moisture content of harvested grains is crucial for their subsequent processing or
storage. Given the substantial energy requirements and potential environmental consequences associated
with artificial drying, it is imperative to optimize the efficiency of this process. The quality of the final
product is significantly impacted by inadequate or excessive drying, which is heavily influenced by the
duration of grain exposure to the drying environment. Advances in dynamic modeling, facilitated by
enhanced computational capabilities, have empowered researchers to intricately examine particle movement
phenomena within drying equipment. In our study, we investigate variations in particle residence times under
diverse geometric and tribological boundary conditions.
Trends and patterns in the research development of agricultural drones, a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023
Authors: Sampaio F. , Bártfai Zoltán
Published: December 2024

The incorporation of robotics in agriculture embodies a major advancement in information and
communication technologies, which addresses critical challenges such as promoting sustainability, Labor
shortages, and increasing efficiency. This bibliometric analysis explores the trends and patterns in the
research development of agricultural drones from 2000 to 2023, against the backdrop of their increasing
integration into modern agricultural practices. Agricultural drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs), have emerged as transformative tools in precision farming, offering capabilities such as crop
monitoring, pest management, and soil analysis with unprecedented efficiency and accuracy. This study
employs the R-bibliometrics package, Vos Viewer, and Excel for comprehensive analysis, leveraging these
tools to examine publication trends, citation impacts, author collaborations, and keyword co-occurrences
across a diverse range of journals and disciplines. Findings reveal a steady growth in research output,
punctuated by significant peaks in interest, particularly following advancements in artificial intelligence
applications within the field. This analysis not only highlights the pivotal role of agricultural drones in
shaping modern agriculture but also identifies critical areas for future research and innovation, including AI
integration, environmental sustainability, and the optimization of drone technologies for enhanced
agricultural productivity and sustainability.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of Russian universities in addressing personnel development challenges
Authors: Romanov E. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The transition to a new system of higher education in Russia is examined within the framework of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development.

Aim. The present research aims to analyse existing and planned university performance indicators, assess their relevance to personnel development at universities, and formulate proposals to enhance the personnel development system, taking into account the implementation of a new personnel training system in Russian higher education.

Methodology and research methods. The fundamental methodological approach employed was systematic. Theoretical research methods utilised included a literature review on the research problem, analysis of normative documents, comparison and generalisation, induction, and synthesis, which involved formulating proposals for an approach to evaluating university activities.

Results. An analysis of the current performance indicators of universities led the author to conclude that two indicators are prioritised: the proportion of employed graduates and the proportion of teaching staff whose average salary is 200% or more than the regional average salary. The introduction of a new indicator, which aims to characterise the system of personnel development (the share of employees under the age of 39 among the total number of scientific and pedagogical workers), may result in a reduction of teaching staff from other age groups. Based on an analysis of the trends in the number of teaching staff at leading universities in the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions, a consistent decline in both the total number of teaching staff and the proportion of teachers under 40 years old has been observed. The issue of personnel reproduction within universities is a critical one. However, the new system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of universities, which will take effect on January 1, 2025, does not address this problem.

Scientific novelty. The author proposes a reevaluation of the approach to financing universities, suggesting that the state should financially support the number of staff positions justified by each university. This proposal includes the establishment of salary rates for young teachers, with the estimated proportion of these rates constituting at least 35% of the total number of teaching staff positions at the university. Implementing this approach will promote continuity in the intellectual and value-based development of teaching staff, grounded in established scientific schools.

Practical significance. The research findings can be used to formulate a strategy for advancing the scientific and educational sectors in light of the transition to a new personnel training system in higher education.
Academic integrity in the framework of a student’s sustainable anti-corruption stance: insights from sociological analysis
Authors: Chevtaeva N. G. , Bobrova O. V. , Koll E.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The process of fostering a sustainable anti-corruption stance among students faces a significant challenge: the disconnect between publicly stated condemnations of corruption and the behaviours exhibited in daily life.

Aim. The present research aimed to conduct a sociological analysis of the development of a stable anti-corruption stance among students, focusing on three key parameters: cognitive, value-based, and behavioural.

Methodology and research methods. A sociological survey was conducted among 572 university students in Ekaterinburg (n = 572) studying Economics and Management. The survey was administered online using the Yandex platform, and the results were analysed using the statistical software SPSS.

Results. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the results obtained in relation to findings from Russian and international empirical studies. The analysis revealed that students exhibit a relatively high level of values rejecting corruption in society; however, they simultaneously display a tolerant attitude towards violations of academic honesty within their educational activities. It was concluded that the norms of academic honesty are more stable during group interactions than in individual educational pursuits. Additionally, the study identifies the need to analyse new opportunities and risks to academic integrity associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational contexts.

Scientific novelty. A diagnostic assessment of the “sustainable anti-corruption position” among university students was conducted, focusing on their rational, value-based, and behavioural manifestations. It is argued that academic integrity serves as a behavioural indicator of the sustained anti-corruption stance that students exhibit through their educational activities.

Practical significance. The adoption of standards of academic integrity will assist students in developing a socially acceptable model of behaviour, particularly in situations where there may be a temptation to violate anti-corruption rules for personal gain. The cultivation of a student’s academic integrity should be regarded as a crucial component of systemic anti-corruption efforts within the university.