bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Class of Zwitterionic Fluorocarbon Surfactants Based on Perfluorobutyl
Authors: Jia Xuhong , Huang Rui , Yang Xiaoguang , Tao Wan , Zhu Xinhua
Published: March 2021

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its derivatives had been banned due to their potential environmental hazards, although they possessed excellent surface activity. An effective method to solve this problem was to shorten the fluorocarbon chain of these surfactants from C°H17 to C4F9. As previous studies had shown, zwitterionic surfactants possess higher surface activity but have lower toxicity compared to other types of surfactants. In view of this, a class of novel zwitterionic fluorocarbon surfactants (n-CFNA-Br) with perfluorobutyl moiety was synthesized in this work. Their structures were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR and MS. The results showed that all synthesized n-CFNA-Br had almost the same minimum surface tension, but their critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased with increasing length of hydrophobic carbon chain. In pure water, the surface tension at the CMC (γCMC) of the four n-CFNA-Br were about 20 mN/m, and the CMC values were 7.73 mmol/L for 1-CFNA-Br, 4.70 mmol/L for 2-CFNA-Br, 4.13 mmol/L for 3-CFNA-Br, and 3.36 mmol/L for 4-CFNA-Br, indicating high efficiency and effectiveness. In 0.1 mol/L NaCl, the CMC values reduced to less than half of the CMC values measured in the pure aqueous surfactant solution, while the surface tensions γCMC remained almost unchanged, indicating good salinity tolerance of the synthesized surfactants. The acidic surfactant solutions exhibited similar CMC values to the saline solutions, but the surface tension γCMC increased slightly to 25 mN/m. However, further investigation showed that the n-CFNA-Br surfactants exhibited poor surface activity in alkaline solution (0.1 mol/L NaOH). In the pH range of 6.6 to 10.4, white precipitates appeared in the surfactant solutions after some time, indicating that the n-CFNA-Br are not suitable for use in alkaline systems with pH greater than 6.6.
Effects of Laundering on Moisture Management and Air Permeability of Different Chitosan Treated Nylon 6,6 Elastane Fabrics Using EDTA and Triton X-100
Authors: Varan Nilüfer Yıldız , Çaydamlı Yavuz
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the effect of washing fabrics (nylon 6.6 powernet knitted fabrics with 30% spandex) treated with chitosan on their moisture management and air permeability. The knitted fabrics were treated with three different solutions of chitosan and dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU); in addition to chitosan and DMDHEU, one solution contained the complexing agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and the other contained the nonionic surfactant and penetration agent octylphenol ethoxylate. The three solutions were compared in terms of their effect on moisture management and air permeability properties. Nylon fabrics treated and washed with these solutions were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nylon fabrics treated with chitosan and DMDHEU showed the potential to transfer liquid moisture to the lower layer and keep the layer next to the skin dry after 20 washes.
Preparation of Silicone Emulsion Defoamer with Easy Separation of Magnetic Hydrophobic Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Shengdi , Chen Hongling
Published: March 2021

To prepare lyophobic magnetic nanoparticles (LMNs) with core/shell structure to be applied in silicone emulsion defoamer, magnetic nanoparticles covered with silica (MNS) were prepared in a one-step process from FeCl3 · 6H2O, FeCl2 · 4H2O and tetraethyl orthosilicate and then modified with poly (methylhydrosiloxane). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and contact angle tests were performed to characterize the nano-particles, and the droplets of the defoamer emulsion were observed with a microscope. The foam breaking and foam inhibition properties of the defoamer and the magnetic separation of the particles were observed and recorded by a camera. It was found that the silicone emulsion defoamer exhibited good foam breaking and foam inhibition properties for foaming systems with anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants, respectively. The solid particles in the defoamer could be easily separated from the defoamed systems by a magnet.
Interfacial Behaviour of Saponin Based Surfactant for Potential Application in Cleaning
Authors: Rajput Gajendra , Pandya Niki , Soni Darshan , Vala Harshal , Modi Jainik
Published: March 2021

Amphiphilic molecules reduce the surface tension of the aqueous medium and are widely used in industrial and domestic applications due to this property. Nowadays, amphiphilic molecules on a natural basis are in great demand to replace synthetic surfactants and thus contribute to the reduction of environmental problems. Approximately 60% of the material based on surfactants end up in seawater, which is dangerous for aquatic life. We are proposing a new type of material, which is a surfactant on a natural basis, biodegradable and an environmentally friendly alternative. Here we focus on tea saponin and study its properties such as surface tension, foaming, skin mildness, cleanability. Tea is naturally acidic, reduces the surface tension to 31.4 mN/m, has a greater foaming power, is ultra-mild to skin, and has excellent cleaning properties. The results show that tea has excellent surface activity, which is why tea can be used as a green substitute for synthetic surfactants.
La «Nemesi» düreriana:Un manifesto della Translatio artium verso il Nord
Authors: Filippi Elena
Published: March 2021

In ca. 1502, Dürer created an engraving known to history with the title The Great Fortune, which is considered one of his first artistic peaks given its technical mastery and compositional power. The piece bears witness to an important chapter of the artist’s relationship with Antiquity and with the graphic proposals of his contemporary Italian colleagues. Owing to the research that arose from the important 2012 exhibition Der frühe Dürer, this study intends to shed light on the reasons for which this artwork should be re-evaluated as an expression of the ‘new awareness’ of Nuremberg’s cultural environment of the time, so much so that it expresses this specific environment’s eager desire for self-affirmation. Dürer’s engraving became a manifesto of the translatio artis et sapientiae in the North. The various elements that constitute the original compositional idea must therefore be considered within the specific context that promoted its creation. To this end, it is also necessary to reflect upon the actual title, the name by which the artist himself referred to his work: Nemesis.
Allegory and Analogy in Menzel’s The Iron Rolling Mill
Authors: Maskarinec Malika
Published: March 2021

Adolph Menzel’s Das Eisenwalzwerk, or Moderne Cyklopen (The Iron Rolling Mill, or Modern Cyclopes) from 1875 depicts an analogy central to nineteenth- century thought, namely, that between the human motor and the combustion engine. The painting visualizes the differing rhythms of these two “machines” and the entropy produced as a result of that difference. The painting’s reflection on labor also elaborates an allegory of the activity of painting. Such an allegorical reading, motivated by particular attention to the objects placed in the painting’s foreground, entails a reevaluation of Menzel’s self-understanding and of the changing nature of allegory in nineteenth- century painting. In this instance, allegory operates not through identification but by means of analogy.
Karikatur als Kriegsdienst: Aby Warburgs »neuer Stil zwischen Wort und Bild«, 1914–1918
Authors: McEwan Dorothea
Published: March 2021

This article attempts to throw a light on Warburg’s little-known engagement in political caricature during World War I. Though deemed unfit for military service, Warburg was eager to contribute to the German war effort. Perceiving Allied war propaganda as anti-German lies, he recorded what he considered its half-truths and falsehoods in his Kriegskartothek, or war archive. But Warburg, as indicated by his involvement with the short-lived La Guerra del 1914: Rivista illustrata in the early stages of the war, kept looking for a more active role in influencing public opinion: From privately commenting on the output of the Allied press, he went on to offering his own ideas for political caricatures to leading artists like Olaf Gulbransson and Max Slevogt, and to well-established satirical journals such as Simplicissimus and Kladderadatsch.
Application of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing in Bidirectional Tests of Pile Foundations
Authors: Gao Luchao , Dai Guoliang , Wan Zhihui , Zhu Mingxing , Gong Weiming
Published: March 2021

The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technique has emerged as a new strain monitoring technique in civil engineering applications. In this paper, based on the principle of the FBG technique and the bidirectional test method, FBG sensors and conventional vibrating wire strain gauges (VWSGs) were employed to monitor the strain variation law of a pile under different loads and analyze the relationship between the side resistance and pile-soil relative displacement of soil layers in bidirectional field testing of a large-diameter cast in situ pile. Four field bidirectional test cases of cast in situ piles, prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) and steel pipe pile, and pile-base post-grouting pile are presented. The applicability and stability of the FBG sensing technique were verified by analyzing the side resistance distribution and bearing capacity. The results showed that FBG sensors can remove the influence because of residual force and the effect of temperature change and concrete expansion photosensitive material provides an improved sensitivity to the external environment compared with a VWSG. The strain and side resistance variation tendency of the cast in situ pile were consistent between the two kinds of sensors. The FBG sensing technique had high test accuracy in the four bidirectional O-cell field test cases of the cast in situ pile, PHC and steel pipe pile, and pile-base post-grouting pile. The pile-base post-grouting technique is an effective procedure that was implemented to increase the ultimate bearing capacity. The research results of this paper reveal a new strain monitoring technique for the bidirectional test method of pile foundations and represent a new test method for measuring the bearing capacity of PHC and steel pipe piles that has a remarkable application value in practical engineering.
Simulation Research on Innovation Ecosystem Performance of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Qing Yan , Renyong Hou , Jian Luo
Published: March 2021

This paper uses the system dynamics method to construct a system dynamics model of three submodules: innovation direct interaction within the direct subject, innovation direct subject and innovation indirect subject interaction, and innovation direct subject and innovation environment interaction. By designing five types of scenario simulation analysis, the Anylogic software is used to simulate the innovation ecosystem of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and to explore the key factors affecting the urban agglomeration innovation ecosystem. The favorable inspiration for the efficient management of the Yangtze River mid-city urban agglomeration innovation ecosystem is obtained.
Effects of Prepared Carbon Nanofibers on Properties of Emulsified Asphalt
Authors: Fan Suying , Li Chixuan , Xu Tao
Published: March 2021

To prepare new carbon nanofiber (CNF) for improving properties of emulsified asphalt, CNF-I were first prepared by chemical vapor deposition method. Then the microstructure morphology, specific surface area, pore size distribution, and crystal structure of prepared CNF-I were characterized and compared with those of commercial CNF-II using a field emission scanning electron microscope, automatic specific surface area and aperture distribution instrument, and X-ray diffractometer, respectively. Also, CNF-I and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) latex were utilized to prepare composite modified emulsified asphalt (CS/MEA) and its evaporated residue (ER) samples. Then basic properties of CS/MEA were tested, the dispersity of CNF-I and SBS modifier particles in ER were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope, and the thermal properties of ER were discussed by using a differential scanning calorimeter. Test results indicate that prepared CNF-I shows cleaner microscopic surface morphology and lower agglomeration degree. The purity and graphitization degree of CNF-I are higher than those of CNF-II, so that the atomic interlaminar force of CNF-I is stronger and the crystal structure is tighter. These improve the surface activity and bonding performance of CNF-I with asphalt. Therefore, CNF-I is selected as a modifier to reinforce emulsified asphalt. Next, basic properties of CS/MEA meet relevant technical requirements. The addition of CNF-I decreases the penetration but increases the softening point of ER. The ductility is first increased and then decreased and reaches the maximum value at the CNF-I content of 0.05 weight percent (wt%). Further, CNF-I forms a spatial network structure in ER and improves the swelling degree of SBS, which causes the phase structure of ER to become more stable. However, when the CNF-I content is higher than 0.05 wt %, the agglomeration occurs to decrease properties of emulsified asphalt. It is found that prepared CNF-I improves properties of emulsified asphalt at the CNF-I content of 0.05 wt %, which is proposed to develop new CS/MEA.
A Quantitative Approach for Thermal Characterization of Phase Change Materials
Authors: Agarwala Swati , Narayan Prabhu K.
Published: March 2021

A quantitative method for the calculation of phase change parameters of salt-based phase change materials (PCMs) has been proposed. This technique involves the estimation of mold-salt interfacial heat flux by solving Fourier’s law of heat conduction within the salt and using it for the calculation of phase change enthalpy of salt PCMs. Radial heat transfer was ensured by keeping the length to diameter (L/D) ratio of the mold equal to 5. The proposed method eliminates any drawbacks involved with sample size, reference material, the baseline fitting calculations, and the errors introduced due to the selection of solidification points. Pure salt PCMs such as potassium nitrate (KNO3), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and solar salt mixture (60 wt. % NaNO3 + 40 wt. % KNO3) were used for validation of this technique. The thermal behaviors of the salt and the mold during solidification of the salt sample were analyzed, and solidification characteristics such as cooling rate, solidification time, and phase change enthalpy of PCMs were determined.
Density and Its Role in Predicting Interphase Characteristics and Dispersion in Poly(Lactic Acid) – Particulate Fillers Composites
Authors: Rane Ajay Vasudeo , Kanny Krishnan , Pandurangan Mohan Turup , Thomas Sabu
Published: March 2021

Density measurements (i.e., physical magnitude) are quick, efficient, and crucial in determining the structure and quality of solid materials. For polymer composites, properties tend to increase, decrease, or both with density. In this work, poly(lactic acid) composites (PLAC) filled with carbon black (CB), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared using the dissolution–dispersion method (DD) and oligomeric–dispersion method (OD). To study the hybrid effect, PLAC with 2.5 weight percent (wt%) CB + MWCNTs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0wt%) and 2.5wt% CB + CNFs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0wt%) were prepared using DD and OD. Density measurements were performed on PLAC to determine the extent of dispersion and interphase characteristics. PLAC prepared by OD showed an increase in density values in comparison to DD, irrespective of the filler.
Design of CO2-Based Cooling System for Machining of Ti-6Al-4V Using Joule–Thomson Effect
Authors: Mahapatro Khirod , Mahendra Gaurav , Markandeya Abhishek , Vamsi Krishna P.
Published: March 2021

High cutting temperatures are reported in the machining process because of a large amount of generated heat, which reduces the dimensional accuracy and quality of the machined surface. This paper presents a new methodology to design a carbon dioxide (CO2)-based cooling system in which the cooling effect is produced by using the Joule–Thomson effect during machining of Ti-6Al-4V. The finite element method and computational fluid dynamics are used to predict the tooltip temperature in machining, supply conditions of the coolant, and design parameters. The theoretical heat transfer rate of the tool and workpiece is compared with the simulated value to validate the model. After the validation, the turning experiments of dry machining and CO2-cooled machining are performed under constant cutting parameters. In this experimentation, the coolant supply conditions used are taken from the simulation. From the experimental results, it is observed that the CO2 cooling system provides a reduction in cutting temperature (46.66 %), flank wear (10 %), and surface roughness (46 %) compared with dry machining. However, cutting force is increased (about 33.33 %) because of the pressurized CO2 gas focused on the cutting tool.
Analytical cut geometry calculation for multi-pass rough milling of a free-form surface machining
Authors: Hendriko H. , Kiswanto G. , Akhyan A. , Zaira J. Y. , Idris I.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a simple analytical approach to define cut geometry of multi-pass rough milling during a free-form surface milling. The shape of in-process workpiece surface was identified using the coordinate of corner points that are found in every step of stair-surface. In every instantaneous tool location, the workpiece sections that have possibility intersecting with the cutting edge were identified based on the coordinate of cutter location point. The algorithm was developed for machining using indexable flat end-mill by considering the effect of helix angle to the cut geometry. The proposed method was successfully used to determine the length of cut and generate the shape of cuts. The implementation test also demonstrated that helix angle tends to produce larger cut.The validation of the accuracy was carried out by comparing the length of cut measured using CAD software with those generated by the proposed approach. The results showed that the differences were very small or less than 0.4%. Therefore, it can be taken into conclusion that the method was accurate. The comparison test on computational time was conducted. ABS took only 1.63 second for calculating cut geometry during one tool pass, while Z-mapping method spent 23.21 second. This result proved that ABS is computationally more efficient.
Nanostructured mesoporous g-Fe2O3: a novel photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Hrubiak A.B. , Khyzhun O.Yu. , Ostafiychuk B.K. , Moklyak V.V. , Yavorskyi Yu.V. , Lisovsky R.P. , Keush L.G. , Onyskiv B.B.
Published: March 2021

The  modified sol-gel synthesis technique was used to created of nanostructured maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). It has been shown that the molar concentration of the original precursors during synthesis affects on the average particle sizes, specific surface area, pore size distributions, optical and conductivity properties. The XPS metod allowed to establish features of electronic structure of the synthesized materials. Optimal conditions for the synthesis of nanostructured maghemite with mesoporous structure were selected. The mechanism of electrical conductivity formation for synthesized mesoporous materials was established. The width of the band gap is determined and its dependence on the molar concentration of precursors is established. The positive correlation between the specific surface area of γ-Fe2O3 samples and photocatalytic activity was installed - the photocatalytic activity of synthesized γ-Fe2O3 increase with growth of specific surface area of γ-Fe2O3 samples.
Solubility of Cu, Ni, Mn in Boron-Rich Fe-B-C Alloys
Authors: Sukhova O.V.
Published: March 2021

In the present study, the microstructure development and mechanical properties of the cast boron-rich Fe–B–C alloys cooled at 10 and 103 K/s were investigated as functions of alloying elements additions. These alloys were prepared in the following compositional ranges: B (10–14 wt.%), C (0.1–1.2 wt.%), M (5 wt.%), where M – Cu, Ni or Mn, balance Fe. Structural properties were characterized by quantitative metallography, X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Mechanical properties of the structural constituents, such as microhardness and fracture toughness, were measured by a Vickers indenter. Copper becomes negligibly incorporated into the phases Fe(B,C) and Fe2(B,C) of the Fe–B–C alloys, but solubility limit forces the remaining solute into the residual liquid. As a result, the globular Cu inclusions are seen in the structure. As compared with copper, nickel has higher solubility in the constituent phases, with preferential solubility observed in the Fe2(B,C) crystals, where Ni occupies Fe positions. Having limited solubility, nickel also forms secondary Ni4B3 phase at the Fe2(B,C) boundaries. Manganese was found to dissolve completely in the Fe–B–C alloys forming substitutional solid solutions preferentially with Fe(B,C) dendrites. By entering into the iron borides structure, Mn and Ni improve their ductility but lower microhardness. The peculiarities in the structure formation and properties of the doped boron-rich Fe–B–C alloys were explained with electronic structure of the alloying elements considered.
First principles DFT calculations of the optical properties of A4BX6 group crystals
Authors: Ilchuk H. , Solovyov M. , Lopatynskyi I. , Honchar F. , Tsyupko F.
Published: March 2021

The results of investigating of the electron band energy structure and optical properties of A4BX6 (Tl4HgI6 and Tl4CdI6) group crystals are presented. The energy band structures of Tl4HgI6 and Tl4CdI6 crystals are calculated from the first principles within generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The band structure and reflection index were calculated using a pseudopotential method in the framework of density functional theory. Optical absorption edge in Tl4HgI6 and Tl4CdI6 is formed by direct optical transitions. The spectral dependence of the reflection index was calculated on the basis of the energy band results with using the Kramers–Kronig method. The spectra show pronounced anisotropy in E||a(b) and E||c polarizations. It was found the anomalous by large values of the birefringence (Δn > 0.18 for Tl4HgI6 and Δn > 0.03 for Tl4CdI6) in the visible and near infrared region.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Nanocrystalline Nickel Molybdate
Authors: Popovych O.M. , Budzulyak I.M. , Popovych O.V. , Rachiy B.I. , Ilnytskyi R.V. , Yablon L.S. , Morushko O.V.
Published: March 2021

We have obtained nanocrystalline hydrate and alpha phase of nickel molybdate by a hydrothermal technique. On the basis of the obtained cyclic voltammetry data, we have evaluated the contribution of faradaic and non-faradaic processes to the total capacitance of molybdates under study. It was found that the specific capacitance of hydrate NiMoO4·H2O is 621 F/g at a scan rate of 1 mV / s and the specific capacitance of the α-NiMoO4 is 281 F/g. Cathodes for hybrid supercapacitors were formed on the basis of the obtained nickel molybdates. As a result of electrochemical studies, it was found that the specific capacitance of hybrid supercapacitor based on NiMoO4·H2O/C was 256 F/g at the current of 0.2 A/g, while the specific energy was 80 W h/kg and specific power – 304 W/kg and these results are higher below in the α-NiMoO4 /C-based hybrid supercapacitor.
Two-dimensional based hybrid materials for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuels: A mini review
Authors: Karthik Kannan , Radhika Devi , Gnanasangeetha D. , Gurushankar K. , Hoque Md Enamul
Published: March 2021

Carbon dioxide conversion to chemicals and fuels based on two-dimensional based hybrid materials will present a thorough discussion of the physics, chemistry, and electrochemical science behind the new and important area of materials science, energy, and environmental sustainability. The tremendous opportunities for two-dimensional based hybrid materials in the photocatalytic carbon dioxide conversion field come up from their huge number of applications. In the carbon dioxide conversion field, nanostructured metal oxide with a two-dimensional material composite system must meet assured design and functional criteria, as well as electrical and mechanical properties. The whole content of the proposed review is anticipated to build on what has been learned in elementary courses about synthesizing two-dimensional nanomaterials, metal oxide with composites, carbon dioxide conversion requirements, uses of two-dimensional materials with nanocomposites in carbon dioxide conversion as well as fuels and the major mechanisms involved during each application. The impact of hybrid materials and synergistic composite mixtures which are used extensively or show promising outcomes in the photocatalytic carbon dioxide conversion field will also be discussed.
Interaction of N-acetylneyraminic acid with surface of silica with fructose in aqueous solution
Authors: Ushakova L.M. , Demianenko E.M. , Terets M.I. , Lobanov V.V. , Kartel N.T.
Published: March 2021

Quantum chemical simulation of the adsorption of N acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) on the surface of silica with the participation of the fructose molecule by the method of density functional theory B3LYP, 6-31G (d, p) was done. The influence of the solvent was taken into account in the supermolecular and continuum approximations, and a cluster approach was used for the adsorption complexes. NANA adsorption of the hydrated silica surface was considered as a process of replacement of water molecules on the silica surface by adsorbate molecules. Two schemes of influence of fructose molecule on NANA adsorption are considered. According to the first scheme, the hydrated NANA molecule interacts with the hydrated silicon-fructose adsorption complex. According to the second scheme, the cluster of hydrated silica interacts with the hydrated NANA-fructose complex. The energy of intermolecular interaction according to the scheme 1 is -9.2 kJ / mol, which is significantly lower compared to the same value with the participation of glucose or sucrose (-20.5 and -86.2 kJ / mol). Scheme 2 proved to be a thermodynamically unfavorable process, as its energy effect is +6.9 kJ / mol, in contrast to similar processes for glucose (-21.8) and sucrose (-87.7 kJ / mol). This confirms the experimental fact of the interaction of substances in a mixture of NANA with carbohydrates in relation to the interaction with silica in comparison with the interaction of substances with silica separately.
A escrita sobre as práticas dos professores em formação. O relatório enquanto mediatário na educação acadêmica
Authors: Pereira Costa Rogério
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze how knowledge is constructed and how it is described in the courses of supervised professional practicum. To achieve this, based on undergraduate students’ practicum reports from various universities, we identified two fundamental questions in the process producing and receiving knowledge by means of writing, which were i) what is the description of the voices in the practicum reports like? and ii) how does time management happen in the reports? Based on the linguistic analysis of the students’ written products, the emphasis is on the theoretical construction of the pre-service teachers since the supervised practicum requires a more rigorous look. Practicing students’ writing provides key elements in the production of knowledge, showing that the genre of practicum reports reflects a general format and theoretical superficiality.
Escritura (registro) de las prácticas de enseñanza como una forma de producir conocimiento en las carreras de grado
Authors: García Vargas Silvia E. , Silva Santos Tatiane
Published: March 2021

This article is part of an international research project called “Writing about teaching practices in undergraduate programs in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Honduras: record, analysis, and production of knowledge”, whose goal has been to discuss the role of writing in undergraduate courses at participating universities. Our analysis is about the discussion of the role of reading and writing in addition to presenting texts produced by professors from Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brazil and Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica in order to analyze the impact that writing time has for training and how this task should be seen by professors as a way to transform learning from the union of theory, practice, and the reflection carried out by the students.
La práctica de escritura en la universidad hondureña
Authors: Medina Flora Raquel , Cálix Lily , Olla Paes de Almeida Selma Regina
Published: March 2021

This article will address the writing practices in a Honduran university through the analysis of some papers turned in by students of professional practicum as field diaries. The results are based on the analysis of thirty written statements from three courses of teacher training, and the review was framed at institutional level. This study is part of an inter-institutional research funded by CAPES-Brazil, “Writing about teaching practices in bachelor degrees in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Honduras: register, analysis, and production of knowledge.” Throughout this article, we will seek to describe the particular problem that the universities involved have in addition to seeking to raise concerns and questions regarding the processes of reading and writing in higher education.
O processo de formação docente pela escrita do relatório de estágio
Authors: Fabiano-Campos Sulemi , Ferreira França Katia Cilene
Published: March 2021

In this paper, our objective is to carry out an analysis on how undergraduate language interns mobilize the other’s speech to theoretically base the writing of the internship report. The discussion that we propose comes from the conception that the report is a statement produced as a responsive activity in the training process of future mother tongue teachers in the ways in which the interns understand theoretical points of view and how they relate to the reality observed in the classroom. For the proposed analysis, we support the conception of Bakhtin/Volóchinov (2006) about language as a dialogical activity and about the other’s speech in the production of statements. Our analysis objects are reports produced in different stages of the curricular internship, different writings, and space-times that help us to think about the displacements of students by mobilizing the foreign word for the construction and real comment on the meanings it carries.
A escrita de diário de campo e a formação do professor de português
Authors: Andrade Emari
Published: March 2021

This article focuses on the study of how Language and Literature undergraduate students from Brazilian universities register what they observe in schools and the way they involve themselves (or not) with the quality of the register and the reality examined. It analyses undergraduate students’ field diaries produced in three Brazilian public universities located in Bahia, Mato Grosso, and São Paulo, from 2009 to 2014. It aims, therefore, to reflect upon the importance of taking as a subject of analysis that which the training teacher him/herself writes in field journals, as a means of helping him/her construct an enunciative place from which it becomes possible to think about education and master the teaching profession. The data analysis allowed us to show that, in the registers of future teachers, there are, on the one hand, impasses that indicate a more passive enunciative position and, on the other hand, signs of a more active and curious position concerning the classroom.
O percurso escrito da observação no estágio supervisionado à sua leitura no curso de Letras
Authors: Clementino Chalegre Luana
Published: March 2021

This paper seeks to verify the way in which students’ register occurs throughout their supervised internship and identify the difficulties that students have while communicating what they have observed in class in written form in their field diaries and their internship reports. We highlight the importance of keeping a record of the supervised internship, and to do this, it is necessary to plan how the internship is to be carried out. In other words, this activity cannot take place spontaneously because that would affect teachers’ future reflexive training. Thus, written records are of the utmost importance to organize thoughts and not lose track of events, thereby obtaining consistent data, which allows having more reliable field diaries and reports. In fact, this is not an easy activity to observe and record since that implies and requires resistance and insistence in the search of a coherent text with the experiences lived in the classroom. This paper has been developed as part of the project A escrita sobre as práticas de ensino em licenciaturas do Brasil, da Costa Rica e de Honduras: registro, análise e produção de conhecimento (Chamada Universal MCTI/CNPq Nº 14/2014).
O relatório de estágio como difusor de reflexões na graduação: análise e interpretação de dados nos relatórios de estágio do Programa Ler e Escrever
Authors: De Souza Sheila Perina
Published: March 2021

This paper is part of the discussion about writing and teacher training in Brazil. We pay special attention to the written production done in the internship because it is at this moment that the teacher in training focuses on the school reality, confronts it with the theories learned throughout the course, and has the possibility to follow his or her own paths, intervening towards the changes deemed necessary. Our main objective is to analyze and interpret the writings of students in the pedagogy course in the internship report of the Read and Write Program. We question to what extent the records kept in the internship reports are configured as data capable of generating reflections and producing knowledge. The focus of our attention is not on what the researcher-student observed, but on how he or she records the process of being observed. Theoretically, we rely on Barzotto and Eufrásio (2009) who consider that the internship report is an important instrument to start from the concrete and arrive at theoretical wedge reflections. Following these authors, as a strategy for the internship report to have a more scientific character, we suggest that the graduate in the field assume the posture of a researcher and be inspired by the skills that an ethnographer should have in collecting data and using the field notebook. We observe in the internship reports, on the one hand, descriptions that do not receive academic treatment, and, on the other hand, data collections that seem to be inspired by the ethnographic posture in the classroom, but they still do not have a solid analysis. We concluded that, in order to produce an internship report that contributes to the production of knowledge at the university which reflects on issues of school reality, we consider the pertinence of the committed use of the field notebook and the collection of data inspired by ethnography.
A note on size– biased new quasi Poisson– Lindley distribution
Authors: Shanker Rama , Kumar Shukla Kamlesh , Shanker Ravi
Published: March 2021

In this paper some important properties including coefficients of variation, skewness, kurtosis and index of dispersion of size–biased new quasi Poisson–Lindley distribution (SBNQPLD) have been discussed and their behaviors have been explained graphically for varying values of parameters. Some applications of SBNQPLD have also been discussed.
Landscape experiments along the Italy, Austria and Slovenia border
Authors: Venudo Adriano
Published: March 2021

The research started from focusing on a border line that runs for 180km along the edge of 3States, 5regions, numerous landsca‒pes. Eventually, putting together the eleven visions elaborated by the working groups, an extended area of about 7000km2 was identified as the actual “region of the border”. This regions lays within a bigger cross‒border ring whose shape is defined by pieces of existing infrastructures, belonging to other systems, but representing, within the ring around the border, a “new” important infrastructure serving the territory. It also represents a functional unity, a perception system, in few words a whole structural unity for the region of the border.
Mechanisms of programmed cell death
Authors: A Ali Azzwali Abdu-Alhameed , Elsayed Azab  Azab
Published: March 2021

The present review aims to spotlight on the mechanisms and stages of programmed cell death. Apoptosis, known as programmed cell death, is a homeostatic mechanism that generally occurs during development and aging in order to keep cells in tissue. It can also act as a protective mechanism, for example, in immune response or if cells are damaged by toxin agents or diseases. In cancer treatment, drugs and irradiation used in chemotherapy leads to DNA damage, which results in triggering apoptosis through the p53 dependent pathway in cancer treatment, drugs and irradiation used in chemotherapy leads to DNA damage, which results in triggering apoptosis through the p53 dependent pathway. Corticosteroids can cause apoptotic death in a number of cells. A number of changes in cell morphology are related to the different stages of apoptosis, which includes nuclear DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and the formation of apoptotic bodies. There are three pathways for apoptosis, the intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) are the two major paths that are interlinked and that can effect one another. Conclusion: It can be concluded that apoptosis is a homeostatic mechanism that generally occurs during development and aging in order to keep cells in tissue. Drugs and irradiation used in chemotherapy leads to DNA damage, which results in triggering apoptosis through the p53 dependent pathway. The apoptosis, stages are includes nuclear DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, membrane blebbing, and the formation of apoptotic bodies. There are three pathways for apoptosis.
Effect of creatine and turmeric on muscle and non-muscle cells
Authors: Calixto Viray , Benjamin Hartman , Aileen Adriatico , Shital Pakhale , Bill Tawil
Published: March 2021

Creatine is important for energy storage and is widely used as a supplement to improve muscle strength. Turmeric is a potential therapeutic agent, and used in the management of oxidative, and inflammatory conditions. There has been an immense interest in creatine and turmeric research over the years and they have been extensively studied. However, there have been no studies available on their combined effect at the cellular level. The purpose of this study was to investigate the individual and combined effects of creatine and turmeric on muscle and non-muscle (fibroblast) cells. The differential effect was observed on both cell line in the presence of creatine alone and turmeric alone treatment. When creatine and turmeric were tested separately, creatine increases the proliferation rate of muscle cells and decreases proliferation rate of non-muscle cells at tested concentrations (3.25µg/mL, 32.5µg/mL, and 325µg/mL). On the other hand, turmeric increases the proliferation rate of non-muscle cells compared to muscle cells at tested concentrations (4.62µg/mL, 23.1µg/mL, and 46.2µg/mL). Non-muscle cells showed a decreased proliferation with creatine (325µg/mL) and increased proliferation with turmeric (46.2µg/mL) at maximum tested concentrations. Hence, for testing their combined effect on both cell lines higher concentrations (650µg/mL and 925µg/mL) were used. The combined concentrations of creatine and turmeric at 650µg/mL and 925µg/mL did not show a significant effect on muscle cells. However, the same concentrations increased the proliferation of non-muscle (fibroblast) cells compared to muscle cells. Although creatine alone or turmeric by itself was found to be more effective on the proliferation of non-muscle cells than combining both of them together. The results of this study suggest that creatine and turmeric supplementation together may not be beneficial for post-workout recovery. However, both of them together may be used in skin cosmetics formulation to improve skin cells.
Improvement in cell growth and ethanol productivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae due to poultry litter biochar
Authors: A Agblevor Foster , Diallo Oumou
Published: March 2021

The effect of poultry litter biochar on Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth and ethanol fermentation was investigated for glucose, steam exploded corn stover and poplar wood. S. cerevisiae grew faster in both anaerobic and aerobic biochar medium than the control media. For the same initial concentration of glucose, the biochar medium glucose was consumed in 12 hours compared to 24 hours for control and the maximum ethanol productivity were higher for the biochar compared to the control medium. When the initial glucose concentration was increased the maximum ethanol productivity for the biochar media was more than two times that for the control. Similarly, addition of poultry litter biochar to steam exploded poplar wood and corn stover improved the ethanol productivity depending on the amount of biochar added to the fermentation medium. Thus, biochar is an effective additive to reduce ethanol fermentation time
The effect of natural sugar and sweeteners on normal and cancerous human fibroblasts
Authors: Eric Kircher , Jeffrey  Lee , He Choil Wang , Bill Tawil
Published: March 2021

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) have seen increasingly common usage amongst foodstuffs in the westernized diet in the past few decades, including processed foods and flavored beverages. Recently, an increasing body of research has been evaluating the potential of NNS for alternative uses in healthcare and medicine. Some of these sweeteners, such as stevioside, have been implicated as being anti-hypertensive, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory in several contexts. To examine the potential of NNS such as stevioside as an anti-carcinogenic agent, cellular behavior of HFF-1 human foreskin fibroblasts (ATCC SCRC-1041) & COLO-829 human melanoma fibroblasts (ATCC CRL-1974) was observed in the presence of sucrose, sucralose, and stevioside on collagen. This study examined the impact of NNS on initial adhesion, cellular proliferation, and integrin expression on healthy and cancerous fibroblast cell lines. The results indicate that 5 mg/mL stevioside caused more than 2-fold decrease in the initial adhesion of healthy cells but caused more than 4-fold increase in the initial adhesion of cancerous cells. In terms of proliferation, stevioside at 5 mg/mL caused a 13-fold decrease in cancer cell proliferation, proportional to concentration, but a 1.5-fold increase in proliferation for healthy cells.
What is sodium glutamate and what effects it has on health
Authors: Butnariu  Monica , Sarac Ioan
Published: March 2021

Sodium glutamate or monosodium glutamate is a substance found naturally in certain foods, but it is a compound used in the food industry to enhance the flavor. The compound is a non-essential amino acid, which is contained in tomatoes, milk, mushrooms, fish or cheese. In the food industry, sodium glutamate is also known as MSG or E621. Its role is to enhance the flavor of the dishes, as it has the chemical ability to enhance the flavor. In fact, MSG itself has no taste, but it is activated when it is combined with spices or flavored foods.
The method of determining the number of excited efferent cardiac fibers in the vagus nerve of a cat
Authors: IA Minenko , VM Pokrovsky , DG Tarasov , AA Nechepurenko , AG Pokhotko , KG Korotkov , AN Ardelian , NV Pokrovskaya , VG Abushkevic , PA Galenko-Yarochevsky
Published: March 2021

Objective: Developing method of determination the number of excited efferent cardiac fibers in the cervical region of the vagus nerve of a cat by estimating the area of the glow in the high-frequency electromagnetic field inside the nerve. Materials and methods: The observations were carried out on cats in conditions of superficial (27 cats) or deep anesthesia (13 cats out of 27) and irritation of the vagus nerve with electrical impulses (14 cats out of 27). The right vagus nerve on cat’s neck was allocated and cut at the level of the lower edge of thyroid cartilage. The central end was inserted into a glass tube. Before the cut end in the transverse plane, a scanner from the unit, which creates a high-frequency electromagnetic field was installed. The glow from the scanner were recorded by a video camera through the microscope. At the same time, the ECG was recorded. Based on the ECG signal, for the processing we took the centers of glow related to the heart rhythm. The results were processed in the "STATISTIKA 6.0" program. Results: In superficial anesthesia, the number of excitable efferent fibers was 350 or 70.0% of the available ones. In case of deep anesthesia, 193 or 38.6% accordingly. In case of nerve stimulation above the transection site all available efferent fibers have been excitable. Conclusions: Results of this work suggest a way to identify and determine the number of excitable efferent cardiac fibers in the vagus nerve and their localization on the cross section of the central end of the nerve from the area of luminescence in high-frequency electric field.
Chemical composition of different formulations of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sarazo consumed in Sinaloa
Authors: Urias Sauceda Alma Lorena , Ponce Fernandez Nora Estela , Gregorio Lopez Pollorena , Dominguez Cindy Rosas
Published: March 2021

The consumption of dry common beans in Mexico has been modified by eating habits. The green bean seed or sarazo, is harvested When the seeds Have Reached Their maximum size but the seeds are not ripe, contributing to ancestral recipes That still prevail in Sinaloa. The objective was to evaluate the chemical composition of sarazo bean consumed in Sinaloa Formulations, as a value-added food alternative. Sarazo bean seeds (Azufrado Higuera) was used. The treatments were sarazo fresh beans (FC), cooked beans (FCO), cooked beans with vegetables at 4.6% (F1) and beans with 47% of vegetables and meat products (F2). The chemical composition was evaluated in triplicate with the standardized methods of the AOAC (2000). The experimental design was completely random, the analysis included a one-way ANOVA and Differences Between average values ​​were evaluated With the Tukey (p≤0.05) test. The results Showed That, in fat content, F2 Showed Differences (p≤0.05) With respect to FC, FCO and F1, Caused by the Addition of fat include meat products in ITS That composition. In protein, FC showed no difference (p> 0.05) With FCO, by heat treatment but the Addition of meat products had a significant Increase in F2. The heat treatment affected the soluble fiber. The cooking modifies the chemical composition; however, the main effect was the Addition of other components: such as vegetables and meat products. In protein, FC showed no difference (p> 0.05) With FCO, by heat treatment but the Addition of meat products had a significant Increase in F2. The heat treatment affected the soluble fiber. The cooking modifies the chemical composition; however, the main effect was the Addition of other components: such as vegetables and meat products. In protein, FC showed no difference (p> 0.05) With FCO, by heat treatment but the Addition of meat products had a significant Increase in F2. The heat treatment affected the soluble fiber. The cooking modifies the chemical composition; however, the main effect was the Addition of other components: such as vegetables and meat products