bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic Variables and Web Information Seeking Behavior of Final Year University Students in Nigeria
Authors: Oladokun Bolaji David , Udofot Columbus
Published: March 2024

The study examined demographic variables and web information-seeking behaviour of final-year university students in Nigeria. The study utilized a survey research approach, employing a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The research population consisted of 377 final-year undergraduates selected purposively from three universities in Nigeria. The results of the study indicated that students primarily sought web-based information to complete class assignments and research projects. Additionally, challenges such as information overload and the high cost of subscriptions were identified in connection with students’ online information-seeking behaviour. The study concluded that a good number of students frequently seek information from Google search and Wikipedia as well as electronic journals, which has helped them meet the demands of their academic pursuits. The study recommended, among others, that university libraries should encourage faculty members to continually assign research tasks to students that will compel them to visit their electronic libraries, where they will get new knowledge and acquire skills in web information searching. Librarians, through user education programmes, should organize practical sessions where students would be taught how to search and retrieve relevant web resources.
Innovative Entrepreneurship and Economic Sustainability in the Selected Private Universities in Nigeria
Authors: Babasanya Adeyemi Olayiwola , Ologundudu Mojeed .M. , Oluyomi Oluwatosin Olatunji
Published: March 2024

Extant studies have found that entrepreneurship remains immune from business uncertainties to achieve economic Sustainability. Although fewer studies show that innovative entrepreneurship is more than creating an enterprise, a destructive process is an impetus in achieving economic Sustainability amid business uncertainties. To this end, this study empirically examines the impact of innovative entrepreneurship on economic Sustainability in the selected private universities in Nigeria during the Pre and Post COVID-19 era. Five private universities in Nigeria were selected from the four phases of private universities in Nigeria since the deregulation of university education in 1999. In addition, descriptive statistics results from the last five Universities Webometrics rankings found that Covenant University only had a persistent economic sustainable trend between 2016 to 2019, while all the selected private universities except Covenant University were not remarkable in economic Sustainability amid the post-COVID-19 era between 2019 and 2020 in this study. To this end, the study concluded that before COVID-19, most selected private universities failed to display innovative entrepreneurship vis-à-vis lecturers to students teaching ratio, routine teaching methods, stagnated learning techniques, limited sectoral competitions, presence rank, impact rank, openness rank, excellence rank, and among others. Therefore, establishing a university is entrepreneurship but will not guarantee economic Sustainability if not driven by evolutionary innovation amid the post-COVID-19 and beyond uncertainties. Thus, the study recommends all stakeholders, including the University management, staff members, and the government, to be evolutionary in their mindset to achieving economic Sustainability amid COVID-19 and beyond among Nigerian private universities.
Entrepreneurial Innovation and Export Diversification: Strategies for India's Global Trade Expansion
Authors: Yerram Sridhar Reddy , Varghese Aleena
Published: March 2024

Indian global trade growth is driven by entrepreneurial innovation and export diversification, according to this report. The study analyzes India's export landscape, examines entrepreneurial innovation's impact on export growth, assesses export diversification challenges, and proposes policy strategies to boost India's global trade competitiveness. Secondary data sources such as academic publications, government reports, and industry analyses are reviewed for the methodology. Significant findings emphasize the importance of entrepreneurial innovation in export competitiveness, export diversification in reducing sectoral concentration risks, and a coherent policy framework that includes trade policy reform, export promotion initiatives, infrastructure development, innovation support, and regulatory reforms. Data availability, localization, policy coordination and implementation, and continual monitoring and assessment are policy implications. This report emphasizes innovation-led diversification for sustained growth and competitiveness in India's global trade expansion.
Modeling and Simulation of Electromagnetic Interference in Power Distribution Networks: Implications for Grid Stability
Authors: Ande Janaki Rama Phanendra Kumar , Varghese Aleena , Mallipeddi Suman Reddy , Goda Dileep Reddy , Yerram Sridhar Reddy
Published: March 2024

The subjects of this study are the modeling and simulation of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in power distribution networks and its consequences for grid stability. The key goals are to find the sources of EMI, assess how they affect grid performance, and create mitigation plans. A thorough study of research articles and literature on EMI modeling, simulation methods, and grid stability assessment is part of the methodology. Important discoveries emphasize the various origins and traits of electromagnetic interference (EMI), how it affects voltage control, frequency stability, and power quality, and how to mitigate and improve grid resilience. The policy implications emphasize the significance of standards, research projects, and regulatory frameworks in tackling EMI issues and guaranteeing the dependability of distribution networks. Stakeholders can ensure a consistent and adequate supply of energy to consumers by strengthening the resilience of power distribution networks and including electromagnetic interference (EMI) considerations in design, planning, and operational procedures.
Género, etnia, clase y la amplitud del sufragio en Chile y Perú: Visiones entre las sufragistas
Authors: Castillo Isabel
Published: March 2024

Quién es incluido y cuándo son cuestiones de larga data en el estudio de la democratización en perspectiva histórica. América Latina —al igual que las democracias industrializadas— siguió un proceso gradual de inclusión formal, extendiendo el voto a grupos específicos mediante reformas separadas. Esta forma de inclusión siguió lógicas políticas sobre cómo los nuevos votantes podrían alterar los patrones de elección de cargos y el balance de poder entre los partidos políticos existentes, buscando minimizar los grados de incertidumbre. Al mismo tiempo, esta manera de incluir cada grupo por separado da cuenta de cómo las categorías sociales fueron construidas y politizadas. Este artículo se centra en este último aspecto, analizando cómo las sufragistas en Chile y Perú veían su propia inclusión y la de otras categorías en los ejes de género, clase y etnia. El análisis muestra que la mayoría de las feministas de la primera ola enfatizaban la necesidad de un cierto nivel de educación para la ciudadanía, aceptando el requisito de alfabetización para el ejercicio del voto. En términos de etnia, en Chile el mito de una nación homogénea en términos limitó la asociación entre el requisito de alfabetización con la exclusión de los pueblos indígenas. En Perú, tal vínculo era claro y algunas voces cuestionaron la exclusión de los indígenas. En su conjunto, el artículo muestra la importancia de los discursos dominantes y los contextos nacionales en la concepción de las sufragistas respecto a la relación entre la inclusión o exclusión de distintos grupos.
Para el derecho a vivir, el camino de la violencia
Authors: Samaniego López Marco Antonio
Published: March 2024

El artículo demuestra el llamado a la acción violenta de los anarquistas del Partido Liberal Mexicano. Ubicados como reformistas que influyeron en la Constitución de 1917, los ácratas fueron transformados y colocados al servicio del Estado. En este escrito, basado en su publicación de nombre Regeneración, se abordan las razones de por qué solo con la desaparición violenta de burgueses, autoridades y clero se lograría la libertad y se establecería en el mundo la anarquía. El amor iba a predominar sin los enemigos defensores de la propiedad privada. Los tres monstruos de la humanidad debían ser eliminados, la guerra era a muerte, sin negociaciones ni medias tintas. Sin embargo, esta postura, que se mantuvo durante una década, se vio transformada exitosamente por Enrique Flores Magón, quien en años posteriores realizó acciones de construcción de memoria que minimizaron el objetivo expresado en Regeneración y logró la inclusión en la teleología revolucionaria como los precursores sociales de la Revolución mexicana, dejando de lado el tema de la violencia como único camino y el llamado al proletariado mundial a sumarse a una revolución que, en sus escritos, ya era comunista.
Tèt dwat pou peyi'm vanse: Stories of How Haiti is Moving Forward
Authors: Lalime Thomas , Helleranta Meri , Antón Díaz Pablo , Sipp Caroline , Santelices Cristian , Deibert Michael , Azevedo Viviane , Teeple Jim
Published: March 2024

This publication takes stock of the efforts Haiti is making to transform several key sectors. Some are fundamental for economic growth; others are essential for improving its people's living standards. The programs and projects portrayed in these pages have two common elements: they are led by the Haitian government and financed largely with grants from the Inter-American Development Bank.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 2002
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This Annual Report contains a brief summary of the economic situation of Latin America and the Caribbean and a review of the Bank's operations in 2002. In addition, this Report contains a description on a country-by-country basis and a regional basis of the Bank's various operations -loans, guarantees, financings for small projects and technical cooperation- on behalf of Latin America's development; a summary statement of the loans approved in 2002; the financial statements of the Bank, and its general appendices. The Bank's operational program for the year responded to the needs of the borrowing member countries and reflected the use of a greater variety of instruments and products than ever before. These included innovation loans, multi-phase loans and sector facility loans. Over the course of 2002, the IDB committed $4.55 billion in 86 loan operations to fund projects totaling an estimated $7.6 billion.
OVE's 2004-2005 Annual Report and Proposed 2006 Work Program and Budget
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report (RE-311) constitutes the 2004-2005 Annual Report and the proposed 2006 work program and budget request of the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE). The report consists of two sections: the first is a report on OVE activities during the October 2004-September 2005 period, and presents a retrospective on the role of evaluation within the New Lending Framework. The second section discusses the proposed work program and budget for the coming year.
Japan Special Fund and Japanese Trust Fund for Consultancy Services Annual Report 2006
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This Annual Report details the activities of the Japanese Trusts Funds for 2006. The Japanese Trust Funds support five distinct programs: the Japan Special Fund (JSF); the Japanese Trust Fund for Consultancy Services (JCF); the Japan Poverty Reduction Program (JPO); the IDB/Japan Program; and the Japan-IDB Scholarship Program. The year 2006 was an outstanding period for the Japanese Trust Funds (JTF) to meet the high volume of various development needs in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) Region. In 2006, the Bank approved 58 projects for a total of US$17.6 million, financed by all subprograms of the Japanese Trust Funds (JSF, JCF, and JPO). Overall in 2006, the Japanese Trust Funds supported the social sector most heavily, with resources allocated to social investment, education, health, support of indigenous groups, and other subsectors.
Inter-American Development Bank Sustainability Review 2006
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This review signifies the Banks ongoing commitment to report its progress in integrating environmental and social sustainability and accountability into its operations. In particular it focuses on the Bank's efforts to implement its new safeguards policies and, in doing so, to manage the environmental and social impacts of IDB-financed work more effectively. This report reviews the 2006 activities for both the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF) - two members of the IDB Group. It was developed with data and analysis from an internal working group drawn from throughout the Bank, ensuring that each section benefits from information generated, analyzed, and reviewed by Bank specialists.
Inter-American Development Bank Sustainability Report 2009
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This 5th Annual Sustainability Report covers sustainability progress and performance in the 2009 fiscal year for the Inter-American Development Bank. In 2009, the Bank achieved record lending levels, which included 33 new loans totaling more than US$3.5 billion for environmental improvement, climate change, and renewable energy. Included in this report is a discussion of, among other topics: water and sanitation goals, record funding to cut disaster risk, new guidelines to limit emissions, strategy on climate change, and the Bank's Advisory Group on Sustainability.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 2009: Financial Statements
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report is the second of two volumes which together constitute the Inter-American Development Bank's 2009 Annual Report. This report contains the managements discussion and analysis of the Bank's ordinary capital, financial statements and general appendices.
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo informe anual 2001
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Este informe anual contiene un sumario de la situación económica en América Latina y el Caribe y una revisión de las actividades del Banco en 2001. Además, el Informe presenta una descripción por países y también sobre bases regionales, de las diversas operaciones que el Banco lleva a cabo -préstamos, garantías, financiamiento de pequeños proyectos y cooperación técnica- para ayudar al desarrollo de América Latina, una lista de los préstamos aprobados en 2001, los estados financieros del Banco y los apéndices generales. El programa de financiamiento reflejó el amplio alcance del temario de desarrollo de la región, que abarca la reducción de la pobreza, el fomento de la equidad social, la reforma y modernización del Estado e inversiones en infraestructura y productividad. El programa del BID incluyó préstamos para proyectos de inversión, préstamos sectoriales para reformas de políticas y préstamos directos al sector privado sin garantía del Estado. También en 2001, el BID proporcionó US$66 millones en concepto de alivio de la deuda en el marco de la iniciativa para los países pobres muy endeudados (PPME) y la iniciativa reforzada a cuatro países que cumplían los requisitos (en valores nominales): Bolivia, US$31 millones; Guyana, US$1 millón; Honduras, US$23 millones; y Nicaragua, US$11 millones.
Centro Cultural del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo informe anual de 2000
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

El Centro Cultural del BID culminó el año 2000 con un repertorio equilibrado de actividades. En el transcurso del año, el Centro Cultural presentó 32 actividades, entre ellas, 5 exposiciones de arte, 13 conciertos y talleres de música y arte, 12 conferencias y 3 presentaciones de la serie Cátedra Siglo XXI, y contribuyó a la realización de 27 proyectos de desarrollo cultural en 23 países de la Región. Estas actividades atrajeron a más de 15.000 personas y recibieron cobertura en más de 120 ocasiones en artículos de prensa (en periódicos y revistas), estaciones de radio y canales de televisión, tanto en el ámbito nacional como en el internacional. Cabe destacar dos artículos sobre la labor integral del Centro: uno en la revista bilingüe "Cordialidad" (que se distribuye en los vuelos de la Aerolínea Copa de Panamá) y otro en la revista trilingüe "Cariforum" de la República Dominicana.
Oficina de Integridad Institucional informe anual 2007
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

La Oficina de Integridad Institucional (OII) es la principal dependencia del Grupo del BID encargada de los temas externos de integridad, fraude y corrupción. Como medida de la importancia que le asigna el Grupo del BID, la Oficina depende directamente del Presidente. La OII coordina su trabajo con otras entidades del Grupo del Banco, especialmente el Comité Supervisor de Investigaciones de Fraude y Corrupción (CSIFC) y el Comité de Sanciones. La OII también desempeña un papel de respaldo en temas de ética e integridad internas y asiste a las unidades del Banco que ayudan a los países miembros a establecer y refinar sus propios programas de integridad. En términos generales, en 2007, la OII progresó significativamente en mejorar las actividades de investigación, fortaleciendo su capacidad y estableciendo sistemas, con base en el conocimiento, para reforzar los esfuerzos de prevención. La OII incrementó sus actividades de investigación sobre casos pasados, ampliando su alcance y emprendiendo investigaciones más complejas. El presente informe ofrece al Banco y al público en general una reseña de las actividades y hallazgos de la OII en 2007.
Informe anual sobre el medio ambiente y los recursos naturales 2003
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Este informe anual sobre el medio ambiente y los recursos naturales examina la acción del Banco durante 2003. En dicho año, el suceso más significativo en el campo del medio ambiente en el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) fue la adopción en junio de su nueva Estrategia de Medio Ambiente. Por ello parte de reconocer que la calidad del medio ambiente y de la base de recursos naturales constituye el capital natural que sostiene el crecimiento económico y la competitividad en el largo plazo, a la vez que contribuye a reducir la pobreza y a mejorar el bienestar. Este informe anual contiene una sección especial sobre agua e incluye indicadores seleccionados de los problemas de agua y saneamiento en América Latina y el Caribe.
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo informe anual 2011: Reseña del año
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Este informe contiene una revisión de las operaciones del Banco en 2011, incluyendo préstamos, garantías y subsidios. Este documento aborda también las prioridades sectoriales, otras áreas clave de interés, así como la aplicación del Noveno Aumento General de Recursos. Adicionalmente, contiene varios estados financieros y anexos con información sobre las operaciones aprobadas, los préstamos pendientes y otros datos específicos que detallan las actividades bancarias durante este período.
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo informe anual 2009: Estados financieros
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Este es el segundo de dos volúmenes que constituyen el Informe Anual del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). El presente volumen contiene la Discusión y análisis de la Administración: capital ordinario, apéndices generales y los estados financieros del Banco para el año 2009.
Banque Interaméricaine de Développement rapport annuel 2002
Authors:   Banque Interaméricaine de Développement
Published: March 2024

Ce rapport annuel contient un bref résumé de la situation économique en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes, ainsi qu'un examen des activités de l'institution en 2002. Il comporte aussi une description des diverses opérations de la Banque pour chaque pays et pour la région -prêts, financement de petits projets et coopération technique- en faveur du développement en Amérique latine; une liste des prêts approuvés en 2002; les états financiers de l'organisation et des annexes d'ordre général. Le programme d'opérations de la Banque pour l'année visait à répondre aux besoins des pays membres emprunteurs et s'est caractérisé par l'utilisation d'une plus grande variété d'instruments et de produits qu'à aucun autre moment par le passé. Elle a eu notamment recours à des prêts à l'innovation, des prêts à phases multiples et des prêts sectoriels. En 2002, la BID a engagé $4,55 milliards dans 86 opérations de prêt destinées à financer des projets représentant un volume total estimé à $7,6 milliards.
Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento relatório anual 2010: Resenha do Ano
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento
Published: March 2024

Este é o primeiro de dois volumes que constituem o relatório anual do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento. O relatório contém uma descrição das atividades do Banco em 2010 (empréstimos, garantias e financiamentos não reembolsáveis), as demonstrações contábeis básicas do Banco e os apêndices gerais. No fim de 2010, o BID tinha aprovado US$ 197 bilhões em empréstimos e garantias para financiar projetos com investimentos totais superiores a US$ 420 bilhões, bem como US$ 4,1 bilhões em financiamentos não reembolsáveis e de cooperação técnica com recuperação contingente. Durante todo o ano, o Banco trabalhou com afinco para cumprir sua missão central e colaborou com os países-membros mutuários para promover a agenda de desenvolvimento da Região, concentrando recursos e perícia técnica na assistência aos mais carentes e mais vulneráveis.
Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento relatório anual 2011: Resenha do Ano
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento
Published: March 2024

Este relatório contém uma análise das operações do Banco em 2011, incluindo empréstimos, garantias e subvenções. Este documento também discute as prioridades do setor e outras áreas-chave de interesse, bem como a implementação do Nono Aumento Geral de Recursos. Por fim, este relatório anual contém várias demonstrações financeiras e anexos com informações sobre as operações aprovadas, empréstimos e outros dados específicos que detalham as atividades do Banco.
Inter-American Development Bank Sustainability Report 2015
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report highlights the Inter-American Development Bank's sustainability performance in 2015, both in achieving institutional sustainability investment targets and safeguard performance targets, as well as through a series of stories about the projects it is undertaking in its member countries. Examples of the Bank's work include a well-planned road infrastructure project in the Bahamas that also helped reduce vulnerability of low-lying areas to flooding, a biodiversity monitoring and adaptive management program for a park near two geothermal projects in Costa Rica, and the advances being made by the Panama Canal to implement a series of water-saving basins. The Report is accompanied by an interactive timeline that looks back over a decade of achievements of the Bank in building a series of sustainability programs, and a suite of robust safeguard policies, as well as innovative projects and initiatives.
Inter-American Development Bank Annual Report 2016: Financial Statements
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This report is the second of two volumes which together constitute the Inter-American Development Bank's 2016 Annual Report. This report contains the management's discussion and analysis of the Bank's ordinary capital and financial statements.
Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) 2013
Authors: Pombo Cristina , Nicaretta Romina
Published: March 2024

The Development Effectiveness Overview (DEO) is an annual report produced by the IDB to show the results and impact of its work in Latin America and the Caribbean. It reports on the IDB's contributions towards the development of its 26 borrowing member countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, holding the IDB accountable to its shareholders, partners and beneficiaries.
Sending Money Home Remittances to Latin America from the United States: 2004
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

An overview of the 2004 MIF survey of remittances from the United States to Latin America.
Graphics from Latin America and the Caribbean: January 12 - February 22, 1994
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Thirty graphic works by Latin American and Caribbean artists.
The Medellín Art-EL: Five Painters from Medellín, Colombia: Rodrigo Isaza, Germán Londoño, Jorge Botero Luján, Carlos Guerra, Luis Alfonso Ramírez
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Representing the decade from 1980-1990 in Colombia, included seventeen works by Rodrigo Isaza, Germán Londoño, Jorge Botero Luján, Carlos Guerra and Luis Alfonso Ramírez.
My Generation: An Essay Competition for Residents of the District of Columbia
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

On March 22, 2010, the Director of the Inter-American Development Bank Cultural Center, Mr. Felix Angel, received a grant as part of the Mayor¿s Award for Visionary Leadership in the Arts. Organized by the District of Columbia Commission on the Arts and Humanities, the Mayor¿s Art Awards are the highest honors the City confers upon individuals and organizations which distinguish themselves for contributing significantly to the cultural activity of the city. The purpose of the grants is to help foster the arts in Washington, DC. The Grant was used to implement My Generation Essay Competition among Washington D.C. writers, in partnership with the Cultural Center of the Inter American Development Bank.
Paradox and Coexistence 2: Art of Latin America 1981 - 2000
Authors:   Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango,   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Second and final segment of the exhibit organized around the book "Art of Latin America 1981-2000," published in 2002 by the IDB Cultural Center. Written by historian Germán Rubiano Caballero, the book gives an overview of the art in Latin America during the last two decades of the XX century. The exhibition featured the works by some of the leading Latin American artists during the period 1981-2000; and it is the second segment of the exhibition initially staged by the IDB Cultural Center in 2002. The artists included are: José Bedia, Rimer Cardillo, Roberto Elía, Luis González Palma, Guillermo Kuitca, Lorenzo Jaramillo, Alexis ¿KCHO¿ Leyva Machado, Matilde Marín, Eduardo Medici, Vik Muñiz, Raúl Recio, Miguel Rio Branco, Arnaldo Roche Rabell, Miguel Ángel Rojas, Daniel Senise, José A. Suárez, Yves Telemak and Ricardo Wiesse. This show was organized by the IDB Cultural Center in collaboration with Colombia¿s Central Bank.
The Changing Pattern of Remittances: 2008 Survey of Remittances from the United States to Latin America
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

The phenomenal growth of remittances to Latin America in recent years slowed to single digits during 2007, raising the question of whether the change represents a bend in the road or a new direction for remittances to the region. This report takes the first step towards providing an answer to that question by presenting the results of a comprehensive survey of 5,000 Latin American adults currently living in the United States. The survey strongly indicates that the growth of remittances to Latin America from the U.S. has slowed considerably.
New Visions: 2008-2011: A Selection of the Latest Acquisitions from the IDB Art Collection
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This catalog belongs to the exhibition that celebrates the 19th anniversary of the Inter-American Development Bank Cultural Center, originally inaugurated on May 15th, 1992 by the President of Chile, Patricio Aylwin. On this occasion the IDB Cultural Center is pleased to present an exhibit of the artworks that became part of the Collection through the acquisition fund, gifts and permanent loans. It features 25 art works by 17 artists featuring: Federico Martino, Sebastián Spreng, and Susana Sulic (Argentina); Gastón Orellana (Chile); Ana Isabel Díez Zuluaga and Omar Rayo (Colombia); Silvia Elena Monge Puig (Costa Rica); Niurka Barroso (Cuba-Canada); Carmen Herrera and Emilio Sánchez (Cuba-United States); Julio Valdez (Dominican Republic); Geovanny Verdezoto (Ecuador); Luis González Palma (Guatemala); Mireille Délice (Haiti); Antonio López Sáenz and Alberto Alejandro Millares Méndez (Mexico); and Naúl Ojeda (Uruguay).
Sustainable Port of Spain: Trinidad and Tobago: Action Plan
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

This brochure presents the emerging and sustainable action plan for Ports Spain of Trinidad and Tobago to assist the planning and implementation of its urban development plans while addressing the sustainability challenges in a structured and integrated manner. This plain is part of the Bank's Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI).
Education among Adolescent Mothers, Non-mothers and All
Authors: Näslund-Hadley Emma
Published: March 2024

Teen mothers in Latin America complete 1.8 to 2.8 fewer years of education than Latin American women who delay bearing children. Pregnancy is often believed to be the reason why girls drop out of school.
Climate Change Risk Management Options for the Urban Infrastructure Sector
Authors: Hoagland-Grey Hilary
Published: March 2024

The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has a long history of coping with natural hazards such as hurricanes, floods, and coastal storm surges. However, climate change is expected to exacerbate the threat of natural hazards and pose new ones. As a result of climate change, average temperatures and sea levels are known to be rising, precipitation patterns might change, and hurricanes could intensify. Many of these changes are already occurring, and are projected to become more severe in the future. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) supports a wide-range of projects in the LAC region. Climate change-related risks could adversely affect the financial, economic, environmental, and social performance of current and future IDB investments in the region. This factsheet identifies climate change risks and risk management options that can be incorporated into IDB-investments for the urban infrastructure sector.
Building a Culture of Higher Education for Mexico's Low-Income Families
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Aspiring college graduates from low-income Mexican families have seized the chance to fund their studies through the education financing company FINAE. Founded in 2006, the company has expanded its student loan offerings over the past two years with essential support from the Inter-American Development Bank's Opportunities for the Majority Initiative (OMJ).To build on that success and bring college degrees from recognized private institutions within reach of more young Mexicans at the base of the pyramid (BoP), OMJ is renewing its support to FINAE by providing a Partial Credit Guarantee of up to USD $7 million to guarantee the issuance of the financial institution's first private education bond on the Mexican capital market. OMJ is also providing FINAE a line of credit of up to USD $3 million so it can continue to expand its student loan portfolio.
Cultural Center Annual Report 2013
Authors: Vena Anne
Published: March 2024

During 2013 the IDB Cultural Center raised its international profile by dramatically increasing strategic partnerships and advancing the cultural and creative industries agenda.Cultural Development Program grants were distributed to 45 partners in 25 nations.
How Agricultural Policies Skew Domestic Prices for Consumers in Peru
Authors: De Salvo Carmine Paolo , Boyce Rachel , Shik Olga , Kim Namho
Published: March 2024

Around the world, government agricultural policies often make the prices paid by consumers much higher or lower than they would be without policy interventions. Here is a look at the latest available data for the three-year average price of agricultural products in Peru compared to international prices (prices not affected by domestic policy).
How Agricultural Policies Skew Domestic Prices for Consumers in El Salvador
Authors: De Salvo Carmine Paolo , Boyce Rachel , Shik Olga , Kim Namho
Published: March 2024

Around the world, government agricultural policies often make the prices paid by consumers much higher or lower than they would be without policy interventions. Here is a look at the latest available data for the three-year average price of agricultural products in El Salvador compared to international prices (prices not affected by domestic policy).
CIMA Brief #10: El Salvador: Better Education to More Children It's within Reach
Authors: Zoido Pablo , Castro Eleno
Published: March 2024

El Salvador has made significant advances in education in the last decade, with more and more children going to school. But many drop out young, and those who stay in school often receive an inconsistent and inadequate education. Greater and better investment is needed to tackle both of these challenges.
América Latina en PISA 2012: ¿Cómo se relaciona el aprendizaje estudiantil con las políticas de evaluación y rendición de cuentas?
Authors: Ganimian Alejandro , Bos María Soledad , Vegas Emiliana
Published: March 2024

En el 2012, ocho países de América Latina (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, México, Perú y Uruguay) participaron en el Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Alumnos (PISA, por sus siglas en inglés) -una prueba que evaluó lo que los jóvenes de 15 años saben y pueden hacer en matemática, lectura y ciencia en 65 sistemas educativos. Este brief #7 analiza los datos que recolecta PISA sobre las políticas de evaluación y su relación con el aprendizaje estudiantil en la región.
Escalando la nueva educación: Innovaciones inspiradoras masivas en América Latina
Authors: Rivas Axel , Székely Miguel
Published: March 2024

Esta es una era en la cual las escalas se transforman: las nuevas tecnologíasfavorecen procesos de cambio e innovación masivos, nunca antes posibles. La creatividad de la comunicación colaborativa y el acceso masivo a la nube digital son la punta del iceberg educativo del siglo XXI. Se está llevando a cabo un cambio de época, que todavía no toma una forma específica, pero que genera modificaciones y preguntas todos los días. En este contexto existen numerosas experiencias en marcha. Muchas de ellas son innovaciones que nos permiten repensar e inspirar la tarea educativa. Para este documento se han buscado esas historias, se las ha recopilado y se las relata para ayudar ampliar el horizonte educativo de América Latina.
50 años, 50 obras: Obras sobresalientes del Arte de American Latina y el Caribe del Siglo 20
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

La exposición reunió 50 excepcionales obras provenientes de las colecciones del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y del Museo de Arte de las Américas de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA), ambos sitos en Washington D.C. La muestra fue organizada por el Centro Cultural del BID y presentada en el Museo de Antioquia, en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. La muestra ofrece un amplio panorama del desarrollo que experimentaron las artes de la región a lo largo del siglo XX. El número de obras en exhibición fue establecido deliberadamente como alusión al quincuagésimo aniversario de la creación del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, que coincidió con su Reunión Anual de Gobernadores de 2009.
6 Bienal Interamericana de Video Arte
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

El Centro Cultural del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo se complace en presentar la cuarta edición de la Bienal Interamericana de Videoarte, acontecimiento que ha logrado mantener el considerable interés despertado entre gran parte de los artistas de video de la Región. Así lo demuestran las casi doscientas obras enviadas por éstos, como en anteriores ocasiones, para que fueran sometidas a la consideración del jurado internacional. Se recibieron videos de América Latina, el Caribe y varios países de Europa, así como de Estados Unidos -incluido Puerto Rico-, que este año participó con quince obras.
Las Remesas 2008: Las remesas en tiempos de inestabilidad financiera
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Da a conocer la realidad de las remesas en América Latina y el Caribe, viéndose influenciada por cuatro aspectos, durante el primer trimestre del 2008, tales como: la desaceleración económica de los Estados Unidos, los aumentos de precios de los alimentos y combustibles, el empeoramiento del ambiente contra la inmigración y la debilitación del dólar estadounidense. Siendo el BID y FOMIN, quienes asesoran a los gobiernos de la región en materia de cómo amortiguar el efecto de la crisis financiera en las familias receptoras de remesas. Además, trabajan con los sectores público y privado para generar condiciones propicias para que los flujos de remesas tengan un mayor impacto de desarrollo. La crisis económica ha afectado a los trabajadores emigrados, pero no ha modificado su decisión de buscar mejores oportunidades fuera de su país de origen, o su compromiso de enviar dinero a casa. Cuando las condiciones económicas globales mejoren, se podrán reanudar los flujos migratorios y las remesas.
Innovación y tecnologías de la información: Reimaginando el futuro de las Américas
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Hoy en día el impacto positivo de largo plazo de las TIC en el crecimiento de la productividad es largamente reconocido en la literatura económica. A nivel macro,estudios que contabilizan el crecimiento han demostrado claramente el efecto positivo de la difusión de las TIC sobre el desempeño económico de un país y se ha argumentado que la fuerte caída de los precios relativos de los equipos de las TIC es la clave para entender el resurgimiento del crecimiento económico en los Estados Unidos desde 1995 (Jorgenson, 2001). Sin embargo, la contribución de las TIC al aumento de la productividad varía mucho según el país y la industria. Esto sugiere que la adopción por sí sola no es suficiente para aprovechar al máximo el potencial de las TIC.Este documento aborda cuatro áreas de oportunidades en cuanto a la adopción de TIC para la innovación y la productividad de las empresas en la región: (i) la necesidad de tener un capital humano adecuado al uso y a la gestión de las TIC, (ii) la disponibilidad de una mayor y mejor oferta adecuada de aplicaciones para el uso de las empresas, (iii) el mejoramiento del acceso a la computación y a servicios empresariales en la nube (Cloud computing) y (iv) el camino hacia la universalidad de acceso a banda ancha dentro de la población.
Diagnóstico de seguridad vial 2013: Costa Rica
Authors: Millares Enrique , Bustamante Claudia , Vaccaro Yolanda , Díaz Lourdes , Taddia Alejandro Pablo , De la Peña Elena
Published: March 2024

El BID publica una colección de informes de diagnósticos de seguridad vial para los países de América Latina y el Caribe. El objetivo del Banco es liderar un proceso de cambio que permita promover acciones de seguridad vial en la región para lograr la reducción permanente de los altos índices de siniestralidad vial.
Innovación social y empresarial: Impulsando el emprendedurismo para el desarrollo social
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

El nivel de desarrollo de un país va más allá de su crecimiento económico. Amartya Sen (Sen, 1999) explica que el desarrollo es la expansión de las libertades de los individuos, el cual depende de una serie de capacidades de acceso más amplio, como por ejemplo, educación, salud y derechos políticos y humanos, aspectos que deben ser tomados en consideración al hablar de desarrollo. Las mayores privaciones a libertades ocurren cuando la gente no tiene la posibilidad de revelar sus preferencias y necesidades tanto al gobierno como al mercado.Este documento explora la forma en que la innovación social puede servir de herramienta para generar desarrollo económico al expandir las libertades de los ciudadanos en América Latina (AL), a su vez que examina el trabajo del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) en el área, así como el rol del sector privado en el diseño, implementación y escalamiento de innovaciones sociales, el cual, debe tener presente al momento de trabajar en innovación social.
Guía D: Arreglos institucionales para programas de eficiencia energética
Authors: Vieira de Carvalho Arnaldo , Méndez Paola , Dufresne Vincent , Flamand Sébastien , Couture-Roy Marie , Langlois Pierre , Rojas Sánchez Laura
Published: March 2024

La Guía D: Arreglos institucionales para programas de eficiencia energética está dirigida a ejecutores de medidas de eficiencia energética en instituciones locales, y en particular a aquellos funcionarios de gobiernos locales que se propongan emprender programas de eficiencia energética o que deseen mejorar y/o transformar sus prácticas en los mismos. Igualmente se quiere llegar a aquellos funcionarios de empresas de energía que busquen implementar medidas de eficiencia energética -bien sea en el área de gestión de demanda o en respuesta a la existencia de una nueva norma-, y a quienes se desempeñan en instituciones locales (secretarías de gobierno, departamentos, ministerios y entes reguladores) y quieran familiarizarse plenamente con el diseño (o reforma) del marco institucional,jurídico y regulatorio de la eficiencia energética.
Diagnóstico de segurança viária 2013: Brasil
Authors: Millares Enrique , Bustamante Claudia , Vaccaro Yolanda , Díaz Lourdes , Café Eduardo , Taddia Alejandro Pablo , De la Peña Elena
Published: March 2024

O BID publica uma coleção de relatórios de diagnóstico de segurança viária para os países da América Latina e do Caribe. O objetivo do Banco é liderar um processo de mudança que permita promover ações de segurança viária na região para alcançar uma redução permanente dos índices elevados de acidentes rodoviários.
Acesso ao crédito produtivo pelos microempreendedores afrodescendentes: Desafios para a inclusão financeira no Brasil: Sumário executivo
Authors: Paixão Marcelo
Published: March 2024

Apesar dos avanços da inclusão financeira no Brasil, grande parte dos microempreendedores de baixa renda ainda não possui acesso ao crédito produtivo. Esse é um desafio enfrentado especialmente por grupos socioeconomicamente mais desfavorecidos, como os microempreendedores afrodescendentes. Esta pesquisa analisa o perfil de acesso ao crédito produtivo pelos microempreendedores individuais (MEIs) e avalia a presença de diferenciação de cor ou raça nesse acesso. Os resultados mostram que os microempreendedores pardos e pretos, na comparação com os brancos, procuram menos as instituições de crédito; demandam e obtém crédito em menor volume; pagam juros maiores; declaram maior incômodo dentro de estabelecimentos bancários; e reportam maiores dificuldades de acesso aos serviços financeiros.
CEMEX: Empowerment through Investment
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Throughout Latin America low-income neighborhoods have difficulty in paving city streets. Municipalities are typically short of funds, and many informal urban settlements have not yet been properly incorporated into the tax base.An innovative solution has been devised by CEMEX, a multinational cement company based in Mexico, to mobilize both public and private resources to pave streets in low-income neighborhoods. Under the plan, called Mejora tu Calle, city residents will receive individual microloans and then pool the resources to finance half the cost of street pavement for their neighborhood. Municipalities will contribute the other half of the cost.
Banking for Small Farmers through Innovative Alliances
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

El sector agrícola paraguayo emplea directa o indirectamente a casi una cuarta parte de la población, aporta una quinta parte del PIB y da cuenta de tres cuartas partes de las exportaciones. No obstante, su crecimiento se ve limitado pues los pequeños agricultores de bajos ingresos, que constituyen el 84% de los productores, no pueden obtener crédito para incrementar la producción. Sólo el 15% de los 242.000 agricultores del país con menos de 20 hectáreas tiene acceso a crédito; el resto carecen de acceso porque no tienen historial crediticio y no pueden documentar su capacidad de pago. El Banco Itapúa SAECA es una institución financiera paraguaya con casi 40 años de experiencia principalmente en el sector productivo. Con 38 años de actividad en el sector agrícola, el banco tiene una fuerte presencia en el interior del país con 22 sucursales en Itapúa, Alto Paraná, Misiones y otros departamentos donde se concentra la producción agrícola y ganadera. La mayoría de los 30.000 clientes del banco son pequeños y medianos productores de la base de la pirámide (BDP).
HEFF: Higher Education for the Poor through Microfinance Loans
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Financing higher education opportunities for low- income students in Latin America is an ideal way for families at the base of the pyramid to break out of the cycle of poverty. The Higher Education Financing Fund (HEFF) will allow thousands of students from families of microentrepreneurs with limited means to afford university level education or training. The first fund of its kind in the region, HEFF is creating and financing long-term student loan programs adjusted to low- income students and their families.With a $10 million loan from the Inter American Bank's Opportunities for the Majority Initiative (OMJ) and funding from other lenders, HEFF will offer student loans through microfinance organizations in Guatemala, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Peru, Bolivia, and Paraguay. This unique structure benefits individuals and communities while offering local oversight and administration to ensure loans are repaid.
IDEPRO: Bridging the Financial Divide to Reach Small Farmers
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Small producers and micro-entrepreneurs in Bolivia have difficulty increasing their production and competitiveness, as their access to finance and best practices is limited. For the same reason, small and medium enterprises have difficulty incorporating producers from the base of the pyramid into their value chains.IDEPRO Desarrollo Empresarial, a non-for-profit development finance institution focused on linking actors within value and production chains, will give small and medium enterprises (SMEs), small producers and entrepreneurs access to financing to increase production and earnings through its loan portfolio Pro-Cadenas. Moreover, IDEPRO will offer them best practices training and business development assistance, increasing their likelihood of long-term success. A $5 million loan from the Inter-American Development Bank, through the Opportunities for the Majority Initiative (OMJ), will significantly expand and support the growth of IDEPRO's Pro-Cadenas loan portfolio accomplishing more sustainable value and productive chains.
How Agricultural Policies Skew Eggs Domestic Prices for Consumers
Authors: Del Río Paracolls Carmen
Published: March 2024

Around the world, government agricultural policies often make the prices paid by consumers much higher or lower than they would be without policy interventions. This infographic shows the latest available data for the three-year average price of eggs in Latin America and the Caribbean compared to international prices (prices not affected by domestic policy).