bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of family in child preparation to participate in physical activity in free time
Authors: Madejski Eligiusz , Kosiba Grażyna , Madejski Roger
Published: March 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the relation between parents’ physical activity and a child’s
physical activity in leisure time and to identify the extent parents engage in physical education of their children.
Methods: The research was conducted among randomly selected parents of children aged 7-10 years living in Cracow.
The study involved 334 parents (children aged 7-8 years), 365 (children aged 8-9 years) and 317 (children aged
9-10 years). The diagnostic survey method was used in the study, and the basic technique was a questionnaire. The
questionnaire was designed to evaluate the level of parents’ physical activity, their children’s physical activity, and
parents’ interest in their children’s physical education. The SPSS 21 (IBM Corp., 2012), chi-square signifi cance test and
Spearman rho correlation analysis were used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: The results have shown
that the level of parents’ engagement in the physical activity of children at a school age (85.1%) was very low. The
parents’ physical activity was clearly aff ected by their education and socio-economic status. The fi ndings have also
indicated that the highest number of children aged 7-10 (39.8%) pursue physical activity at an average level. The
highest level of physical activity was detected in a small group of children (4.1%) and low and very low in 34.7% of
participants. The level of parents’ interest in the physical activity of children was mostly moderate (45.4%). However,
a considerable number of parents (41.4%) exhibited a low level of interest. Conclusion: The level of physical activity
of parents and their children in leisure time is low. It was found that a child’s depends on family socio-economic
status, parents’ educational background, their physical activity and engagement in physical education of a child.
Bitkilerde Programlı Hücre Ölümü
Authors: VARDAR Filiz , YANIK Fatma , ÇETİNBAŞ GENÇ Aslıhan
Published: March 2018

Programlı hücre ölümü (PHÖ) yaşlanmış, görevini yitirmiş, fazla
üretilmiş, düzensiz gelişmiş veya genetik olarak hasarlı hücrelerin, organizma
için güvenli bir şekilde yok edilmesini sağlayan, genetik olarak kontrol altında
olan bir ölüm mekanizmasıdır. PHÖ vejetatif-generatif organ gelişimi sırasında
ve biyotik-abiyotik stres şartları altında bitkilerin farklı organ ve
dokularında görülür. Bitkilerde gelişim sırasında hücre ölümü; kök şapkası
hücrelerinin değişimi, trakeal elementlerin oluşumu, su bitkilerinde
havalandırma parankimasının oluşumu, trikom gelişimi, yaprak senesensi, eşey
belirlenmesi ve üreme organlarının gelişimi sırasında ortaya çıkar. Bunun
yanında virüs, bakteri, mantar gibi biyotik ve UV ışık, kuraklık, tuzluluk,
sıcaklık, donma, sel, ağır metaller, pestisitler gibi birçok abiyotik stres
faktörü bitkilerde PHÖ’e yol açar. Bitkilerdeki PHÖ mekanizması hayvan
hücrelerindekine benzer şekilde nukleus morfolojisindeki değişiklikler,
kromatin yoğunlaşması, DNA fragmentasyonu, protoplastta büzülme, hücre
iskeletinde değişikler ve kaspaz benzeri enzimatik aktiviteler ile gelişir.
Bitkilerdeki PHÖ, vakuoler ve nekrotik hücre ölümü olmak üzere iki gruba
ayrılır. Vakuoler hücre ölümü, hidrolitik enzimleri içeren litik vakuollerin
hacminin artması ve tonoplastın parçalanarak hidrolitik enzimlerin sitoplazmaya
salınması ile gerçekleşir. Nekrotik hücre ölümünde ise hücre ve hücre organelleri
şişer, plazma zarı erken bozulma gösterir. Nekrotik ölümde mitokondri yapısı
bozulduğu için hücre solunumu gerçekleşemez, hücrede reaktif oksijen türleri
artar ve ATP azalır.
Endokrin Bozucu Kimyasallar: Nonilfenol ve Bisfenol A
Authors: ZEMHERİ Fahriye , UĞUZ Cevdet
Published: March 2018

Teknoloji
ve bilimin ilerlemesi, insan hayatını önemli ölçüde kolaylaştırmış ancak
çeşitli olumsuzlukları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Çevrede mevcut olan
kimyasallar canlılığı olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu maddeler gıda katkı
maddeleri, kozmetik ve ilaç sanayide kullanılan kimyasallar, pestisitler,
herbisitler, sigara dumanı ve alkoller gibi bileşiklerdir. Kirleticilerin
canlıların sağlığı üzerindeki olası olumsuz etkileri giderek artmakta özellikle
de canlıların endokrin sistemini etkilemektedir. Endokrin çevre bozucu kimyasalların
başında çoğu endüstride kullanılan nonilfenol (NF) ve bisfenol A (BFA) gibi
bileşikler yer almaktadır. Genelde parçalanabilir olan bu maddeler arıtma
tesislerinde uzaklaştırılabilmelerine rağmen, indirgenmiş konsantrasyonlarda
atık sularla nehir ve çaylara (akarsulara) verilmektedir. Bu şekilde de
biyolojik döngüye katılarak biyokütle tarafından depolanmaktadır. Ksenoöstrojenik
olarak adlandırılan bu kimyasallar, endüstride ve evlerdeki çeşitli
kullanımları yanında, deterjan, sabun ve temizlik maddelerinin ana bileşeni
olarak da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu kimyasalların çoğu veya bunların
parçalanma ürünleri mutajenik, östrojenik, toksik veya karsinojenik
olabilmektedir. Ayrıca üreme ve gelişmede görev yapan östrojen, progesteron,
androjen ve diğer hormonların metabolik faaliyetlerini, hormon reseptör
bölgelerine bağlanarak hormon gibi davranarak veya doğal hormonun spesifik
reseptör bölgesine bağlanmasını engelleyerek anti-hormonal etki
gösterebildiğinden, endişelerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle NF
ve BFA’nın olası dolaylı veya direkt etkilerinin moleküler düzeyde incelenmesi
önem arz etmekte ve önemli araştırma konuları arasında olduğu öngörülmektedir.
Variation in ant-mediated seed dispersal along elevation gradients
Authors: Del Toro Israel , Ribbons Relena R
Published: March 2018

Ant-mediated seed dispersal, also known as myrmecochory, is a widespread and important mutualism that structures both plant and insect communities. However the extent to which myrmecochory is driven by abiotic and biotic environmental factors remains unclear. We used a replicated standardized seed removal experiment along elevation gradients in four mountain ranges in the southwestern United States to test predictions that: (1) seed removal rates would be greater at lower elevations, and (2) seed species identity influences seed removal rates, (i.e. seeds from their native elevation range would be removed at higher rates than seeds outside of their range). Both predictions were supported. Seed removal rates were ~25% higher at lower elevation sites than at higher elevation sites. The low elevation Datura and high elevation Iris were removed at higher rates in their respective native ranges. We attribute observed differences in dispersal rates to changes in ant community composition, functional diversity, and abundance, suggesting that temperature variation along the elevation gradient.
Mapping mutational effects along the evolutionary landscape of HIV envelope
Authors: Haddox Hugh K , Dingens Adam S , Hilton Sarah K , Overbaugh Julie , Bloom Jesse D
Published: March 2018

The immediate evolutionary space accessible to HIV is largely determined by how single amino acid mutations affect fitness. These mutational effects can shift as the virus evolves. However, the prevalence of such shifts in mutational effects remains unclear. Here, we quantify the effects on viral growth of all amino acid mutations to two HIV envelope (Env) proteins that differ at>100 residues. Most mutations similarly affect both Envs, but the amino acid preferences of a minority of sites have clearly shifted. These shifted sites usually prefer a specific amino acid in one Env, but tolerate many amino acids in the other. Surprisingly, shifts are only slightly enriched at sites that have substituted between the Envs—and many occur at residues that do not even contact substitutions. Therefore, long-range epistasis can unpredictably shift Env’s mutational tolerance during HIV evolution, although the amino acid preferences of most sites are conserved between moderately diverged viral strains.
Cellular tolerance at the µ-opioid receptor is phosphorylation dependent
Authors: Arttamangkul Seksiri , Heinz Daniel A , Bunzow James R , Song Xianqiang , Williams John T
Published: March 2018

Phosphorylation of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) is known as a key step in desensitization and internalization but the role in the development of long-term tolerance at the cellular level is not known. Viral expression of wild type (exWT) and mutant MORs, where all phosphorylation sites on the C-terminus (Total Phosphorylation Deficient (TPD)) were mutated to alanine, were examined in locus coeruleus neurons in a MOR knockout rat. Both receptors activated potassium conductance similar to endogenous receptors in wild type animals. The exWT receptors, like endogenous receptors, acutely desensitized, internalized and, after chronic morphine treatment, displayed signs of tolerance. However, TPD receptors did not desensitize or internalize with agonist treatment. In addition the TPD receptors did not develop cellular tolerance following chronic morphine treatment. Thus C-terminal phosphorylation is necessary for the expression of acute desensitization, trafficking and one sign of long-term tolerance to morphine at the cellular level.
Gauge invariant Noether’s theorem and the proton spin crisis
Authors: Nayak Gouranga C.
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Due to proton spin crisis it is necessary to understand the gauge invariant definition of the spin and orbital angular momentum of the quark and gluon from first principle. In this paper we derive the gauge invariant Noether’s theorem by using combined Lorentz transformation plus local gauge transformation. We find that the notion of the gauge invariant definition of the spin (or orbital) angular momentum of the electromagnetic field does not exist in Dirac-Maxwell theory although the notion of the gauge invariant definition of the spin (or orbital) angular momentum of the electron exists. We find that the gauge invariant definition of the spin angular momentum of the electromagnetic field in the literature is not correct because of the non-vanishing surface term in Dirac-Maxwell theory although the corresponding surface term vanishes for linear momentum. We also show that the Belinfante-Rosenfeld tensor is not required to obtain symmetric and gauge invariant energy-momentum tensor of the electron and the electromagnetic field in Dirac-Maxwell theory.
Search for a heavy dark photon at future e+e− colliders
Authors: He Min , He Xiao-Gang , Huang Cheng-Kai , Li Gang
Published: March 2018

Abstract

A coupling of a dark photon A
′ from a U(1)
A
′ with the standard model (SM) particles can be generated through kinetic mixing represented by a parameter ϵ. A non-zero ϵ also induces a mixing between A
′ and Z if dark photon mass m

A
′ is not zero. This mixing can be large when m

A
′ is close to m

Z
even if the parameter ϵ is small. Many efforts have been made to constrain the parameter ϵ for a low dark photon mass m

A
′ compared with the Z boson mass m

Z
. We study the search for dark photon in e
+
e
− → γA
′ → γμ
+
μ
− for a dark photon mass m

A
′ as large as kinematically allowed at future e
+
e
− colliders. For large m

A
′, care should be taken to properly treat possible large mixing between A
′ and Z. We obtain sensitivities to the parameter ϵ for a wide range of dark photon mass at planed e
+
e
− colliders, such as Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), International Linear Collider (ILC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee). For the dark photon mass 20 GeV ≲ m

A
′ ≲ 330 GeV, the 2σ exclusion limits on the mixing parameter are ϵ ≲ 10−3-10−2. The CEPC with

$$ \sqrt{s}=240 $$

s

=
240

GeV and FCC-ee with

$$ \sqrt{s}=160 $$

s

=
160

GeV are more sensitive than the constraint from current LHCb measurement once the dark photon mass m

A
′ ≳ 50 GeV. For m

A
′ ≳ 220 GeV, the sensitivity at the FCC-ee with

$$ \sqrt{s}=350 $$

s

=
350

GeV and 1.5 ab−1 is better than that at the 13 TeV LHC with 300 fb−1, while the sensitivity at the CEPC with

$$ \sqrt{s}=240 $$

s

=
240

GeV and 5ab−1 can be even better than that at 13TeV LHC with 3ab−1 for m

A
′ ≳ 180 GeV. We also comment on sensitivities of e
+
e
− → γA
′ with dark photon decay into several other channels at future e
+
e
− colliders.
Effects of Co‐occurring marijuana use and anxiety on brain structure and functioning: A systematic review of adolescent studies
Authors: Cancilliere Mary Kathryn , Yusufov Miryam , Weyandt Lisa
Published: March 2018

The prevalence of marijuana use among adolescents with anxiety disorders in the USA is markedly high and well documented; however, the literature on this co‐occurrence's effect on adolescent brain development and functioning is limited. This systematic review searched six databases to 1) explore the literature concerning marijuana use among adolescents with anxiety and 2) examine the effects of marijuana on brain structure and functioning. Overall, 27 studies from six countries were included in this review. Out of these studies, several disparate designs were utilized. The majority of studies revealed an association between marijuana use and anxiety, but the strength of the association and the variability among the studies' designs limited the comparison and warrants additional investigation. Only five studies met criteria that used brain‐imaging techniques, and findings were non‐conclusive. Future evaluations should further investigate the effects of co‐occurring marijuana use and anxiety disorders on brain structure and functioning among adolescents.
Mixing for suspension flows over skew-translations and time-changes of quasi-abelian filiform nilflows
Authors: RAVOTTI DAVIDE
Published: March 2018

We consider suspension flows over uniquely ergodic skew-translations on a $d$-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^{d}$ for $d\geq 2$. We prove that there exists a set $\mathscr{R}$ of smooth functions, which is dense in the space $\mathscr{C}(\mathbb{T}^{d})$ of continuous functions, such that every roof function in $\mathscr{R}$ which is not cohomologous to a constant induces a mixing suspension flow. We also construct a dense set of mixing examples which is explicitly described in terms of their Fourier coefficients. In the language of nilflows on nilmanifolds, our result implies that, for every uniquely ergodic nilflow on a quasi-abelian filiform nilmanifold, there exists a dense subspace of smooth time-changes in which mixing occurs if and only if the time-change is not cohomologous to a constant. This generalizes a theorem by Avila, Forni and Ulcigrai [Mixing for time-changes of Heisenberg nilflows. J. Differential Geom.89(3) (2011), 369–410] for the classical Heisenberg group.
Any Baumslag–Solitar action on surfaces with a pseudo-Anosov element has a finite orbit
Authors: GUELMAN NANCY , LIOUSSE ISABELLE
Published: March 2018

We consider homeomorphisms$f,h$generating a faithful$\mathit{BS}(1,n)$-action on a closed surface$S$, that is,$hfh^{-1}=f^{n}$for some$n\geq 2$. According to Guelman and Liousse [Actions of Baumslag–Solitar groups on surfaces.Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. A 5(2013), 1945–1964], after replacing$f$by a suitable iterate if necessary, we can assume that there exists a minimal set$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$of the action, included in$\text{Fix}(f)$. Here, we suppose that$f$and$h$are$C^{1}$in a neighborhood of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$and any point$x\in \unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$admits an$h$-unstable manifold$W^{u}(x)$. Using Bonatti’s techniques, we prove that either there exists an integer$N$such that$W^{u}(x)$is included in$\text{Fix}(f^{N})$or there is a lower bound for the norm of the differential of$h$depending only on$n$and the Riemannian metric on $S$. Combining the last statement with a result of Alonso, Guelman and Xavier [Actions of solvable Baumslag–Solitar groups on surfaces with (pseudo)-Anosov elements.Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.to appear], we show that any faithful action of$\mathit{BS}(1,n)$on$S$with$h$a pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism has a finite orbit containing singularities of $h$; moreover, if$f$is isotopic to the identity, it is entirely contained in the singular set of $h$. As a consequence, there is no faithful$C^{1}$-action of$\mathit{BS}(1,n)$on the torus with$h$Anosov.
Unintended Consequences of Pretransplant Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Screening on Antimicrobial Stewardship Among Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Stohs Erica J. , MacAllister Trenton , Pergam Steven A. , Krantz Elizabeth M. , Jain Rupali , Sweet Ania , Liu Catherine
Published: March 2018

We examined vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)-directed antimicrobial use and VRE bacteremia in a cohort of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation patients from a center where VRE screening is standard prior to transplant. In this cohort, VRE bacteremia (VREB) was infrequent. In patients without VREB, colonized patients received VRE therapy more often than noncolonized patients.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:730–733
Empowerment is the Basis for Improving Education and Employment Outcomes for Aboriginal People in Remote Australia
Authors: Wilson Byron , Abbott Tammy , Quinn Stephen J. , Guenther John , McRae-Williams Eva , Cairney Sheree
Published: March 2018

In Australia, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people score poorly on national mainstream indicators of wellbeing, with the lowest outcomes recorded in remote communities. As part of a ‘shared space’ collaboration between remote Aboriginal communities, government and scientists, the holistic Interplay Wellbeing Framework and accompanying survey were designed bringing together Aboriginal priorities of culture, empowerment and community with government priorities of education, employment and health. Quantitative survey data were collected from a cohort of 841 Aboriginal people aged 15–34 years, from four different Aboriginal communities. Aboriginal community researchers designed and administered the survey. Structural equation modelling was used to identify the strongest interrelating pathways within the framework. Optimal pathways from education to employment were explored with the concept of empowerment playing a key role. Here, education was defined by self-reported English literacy and numeracy and empowerment was defined as identity, self-efficacy and resilience. Empowerment had a strong positive impact on education (β = 0.38, p < .001) and strong correlation with employment (β = 0.19, p < .001). Education has a strong direct effect on employment (β = 0.40, p < .001). This suggests that education and employment strategies that foster and build on a sense of empowerment are mostly likely to succeed, providing guidance for policy and programs.
Information technology capability, knowledge management capability, and organizational agility: The role of environmental factors
Authors: Panda Sukanya , Rath Santanu Kumar
Published: March 2018

This study precisely investigates the relationship of information technology (IT) and knowledge management (KM) capabilities with organizational agility along with the moderating influence of external environmental actors on this linkage. A matched-pair field survey was conducted and pretested structured questionnaires were administered to accumulate primary responses from 300 business and IT personnel working in various Indian financial groups. The research findings encompass first, IT and KM capabilities are enablers of organizational agility, while KM capability is more effective on agility. Second, a more diverse and less hostile environment is required for IT and KM capabilities to have more positive influence on agility, yet the moderating effects of environmental factors are found to be more on IT–agility linkage than on KM–agility relationship. These inferences provide several implications for the business and IT executives to concentrate on leveraging both IT and KM capabilities for generating augmented organizational agility.
Stein's method for negatively associated random variables with applications to second-order stationary random fields
Authors: Wiroonsri Nathakhun
Published: March 2018

Let ξ = (ξ1, . . ., ξm) be a negatively associated mean-zero random vector with components that obey the bound |ξi| ≤ B, i = 1, . . ., m, and whose sum W = ∑i=1mξi has variance 1. The bound d1(ℒ(W), ℒ(Z)) ≤ 5B - 5.2∑i≠ jσij is obtained, where Z has the standard normal distribution and d1(∙, ∙) is the L1 metric. The result is extended to the multidimensional case with the L1 metric replaced by a smooth functions metric. Applications to second-order stationary random fields with exponential decreasing covariance are also presented.
On stochastic comparisons ofk-out-of-nsystems with Weibull components
Authors: Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Barmalzan Ghobad , Haidari Abedin
Published: March 2018

In this paper we prove that a parallel system consisting of Weibull components with different scale parameters ages faster than a parallel system comprising Weibull components with equal scale parameters in the convex transform order when the lifetimes of components of both systems have different shape parameters satisfying some restriction. Moreover, while comparing these two systems, we show that the dispersive and the usual stochastic orders, and the right-spread order and the increasing convex order are equivalent. Further, some of the known results in the literature concerning comparisons ofk-out-of-nsystems in the exponential model are extended to the Weibull model. We also provide solutions to two open problems mentioned by Balakrishnan and Zhao (2013) and Zhaoet al.(2016).
NUEVOS DATOS SOBRE LAS PINTURAS RUPESTRES DE LOS TOLDOS (SANTA CRUZ, ARGENTINA): BASES PARA UN ENFOQUE COMPARATIVO EN PATAGONIA MERIDIONAL
Authors: Carden Natalia M. , Miotti Laura L. , Blanco Rocío V.
Published: March 2018

El Cañadón de las Cuevas en la localidad Los Toldos, Santa Cruz, Argentina, ha ocupado un lugar prominente y controvertido en el debate acerca del poblamiento americano. Dichas discusiones no han incluido al arte rupestre como una variable importante, a pesar de la alta concentración de pinturas en la localidad. En este trabajo se presenta información original a partir del análisis sistemático de seis sitios arqueológicos del Cañadón de las Cuevas. El objetivo es sentar las bases para un estudio comparativo a escala local y regional. Para este propósito se evalúan aspectos como la distribución de los motivos, las superposiciones y el tamaño de las manos negativas. Los resultados del análisis arrojan luz sobre las prácticas de diferentes actores sociales en el cañadón y permiten plantear una secuencia de producción de motivos. La discusión se desarrolla en el contexto de la evidencia arqueológica regional.
Veline, ordinary women and male savages: Disentangling racism and heteronormativity in contemporary narratives on sexual freedom
Authors: Gribaldo Alessandra
Published: March 2018

This article takes as its starting point the so-called ‘sex scandals’ surrounding Italy’s former prime minister Silvio Berlusconi during the last years of his premiership (2009–2011), which have filled Italian newspaper columns and legal case files. Political discourses and media interpretations of women’s freedom at the time represented genders through the eroticisation of power. The deployment of postfeminist and stereotyped representations of gender relations produced a complex and ambivalent frame for female sexuality and agency which reproduced the hegemonic neoliberal rhetoric that locates freedom and emancipation in the market. This narrative was further inflected by class and race, as it was deployed through the opposed images of white, Italian, respectable, caring women, and cynical young women and migrants using their bodies as a resource in a sexual-economic exchange with men occupying positions of power. Through feminist reflections on work I frame and discuss the use of the notions of choice and freedom in these discourses. Shifting the focus from women’s behaviour to the analysis of a peculiar image of masculinity displayed by the then premier, the article highlights how racism, colonial legacies and homophobia are enmeshed in this historically and culturally based gender imagery.
The Birth of Pork: Local Appropriations in America’s First Century
Authors: GORDON SANFORD C. , SIMPSON HANNAH K.
Published: March 2018

After describing a newly assembled dataset consisting of almost 9,000 local appropriations made by the U.S. Congress between 1789 and 1882, we test competing accounts of the politics surrounding them before offering a more nuanced, historically contingent view of the emergence of the pork barrel. We demonstrate that for most of this historical period—despite contemporary accusations of crass electoral motives—the pattern of appropriations is largely inconsistent with accounts of distributive politics grounded in a logic of legislative credit-claiming. Instead, support for appropriations in the House mapped cleanly onto the partisan/ideological structure of Congress for most of this period, and only in the 1870s produced the universalistic coalitions commonly associated with pork-barrel spending. We trace this shift to two historical factors: the emergence of a solid Democratic South, and growth in the fraction of appropriations funding recurrent expenditures on extant projects rather than new starts.
A NOTE ON THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ALGEBRA
Authors: ALIABADI MOHSEN
Published: March 2018

The algebraic proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra uses two facts about real numbers. First, every polynomial with odd degree and real coefficients has a real root. Second, every nonnegative real number has a square root. Shipman [‘Improving the fundamental theorem of algebra’, Math. Intelligencer29(4) (2007), 9–14] showed that the assumption about odd degree polynomials is stronger than necessary; any field in which polynomials of prime degree have roots is algebraically closed. In this paper, we give a simpler proof of this result of Shipman.
The Past, Present, and Future of Book Reviews inCentral European History
Authors: Torrie Julia S.
Published: March 2018

As a genre, book reviews date back to at least the eighteenth century. Although there were earlier precursors, reviews emerged during the Enlightenment and then flourished with the expansion of print culture in the nineteenth century. They often provided readers who could not aspire to owning or even gaining access to valuable books an introduction to their content. Today, reviews remain a “meta-genre” that reflects the changing place of books not only in specific scholarly fields but also in written culture more generally. AsCentral European History(CEH) celebrates its fiftieth year of publication, it therefore makes sense to spend some time contemplatingCEH’s book reviews—past, present, and future.
The Future of Central European Studies
Authors: Baranowski Shelley
Published: March 2018

It is obviously difficult to envision the future of Central European studies with any precision. The broader context that surrounds historians, as well as scholars in other disciplines, influences the topics and methodologies they choose. In recent years (i.e., the post-1990, neoliberal era), transnational, global, and imperialism studies have had a significant impact on the historical profession at large. As David Blackbourn observed in a 2013 address to the German Studies Association, ambitious “deep history” projects that cut across multiple cultures and historical periods have recently thrived, prompting him to encourage historians of Germany to push beyond their narrow graduate training and embrace such undertakings. To be sure, historians of Central Europe have adapted to prevailing trends in the discipline (discussed later), but concerns about the chronological, spacial, methodological, and topical limitations of the field have arisen. Even if scholars of Central Europe utilize different methodologies and approaches, they rarely pioneer. Rather, they latch onto the innovations that other fields have spawned instead of breaking new ground.
Growing Up with Central European History
Authors: Bergen Doris L.
Published: March 2018

Central European History (CEH) was the first scholarly journal I really got to know, and for more than thirty years, it has been important to me in all kinds of ways. I first encountered CEH as a Master's student at the University of Alberta, where my primary supervisor was the extraordinary Annelise Thimme, author of highly original works on Hans Delbrück, Gustav Stresemann, and the Deutschnationale Volkspartei. The discipline of history was new to me, and although I had taken some interesting undergraduate classes on early modern and modern history at the Universities of Saskatchewan and Munich, I had no idea about historiography, professional networks, or academic publishing. I probably did not even understand what the term Central Europe meant.
Quiet Life No More? Corporate Bankruptcy and Bank Competition
Authors: Gormley Todd , Gupta Nandini , Jha Anand
Published: March 2018

Pursuing delinquent borrowers requires considerable effort, and creditors may lack the incentive to exert this costly effort in uncompetitive banking sectors. To examine this, we use a uniquely large data set of public and private corporate bankruptcy filings spanning a banking-sector reform that deregulated bank entry across different regions of India. We find that increased banking competition is associated with more firms seeking a stay on assets, a decline in bankruptcy duration, and a shift toward workouts rather than liquidations. The results are consistent with creditors exerting greater effort to pursue delinquent firms and resolve bankruptcies more quickly when competition increases.
Development and assessment of an improved recombinant multiepitope antigen-based immunoassay to diagnose chronic Chagas disease
Authors: Peverengo Luz María , Garcia Valeria , Rodeles Luz María , Mendicino Diego , Vicco Miguel , Lagier Claudia , Gonzalez Verónica , Gugliotta Luis , Marcipar Iván
Published: March 2018

The use of chimeric molecules fusing several antigenic determinants is a promising strategy for the development of low-cost, standardized and reliable kits to determine specific antibodies. In this study, we designed and assessed a novel recombinant chimera that complements the performance of our previously developed chimera, CP1 [FRA and SAPA antigens (Ags)], to diagnose chronic Chagas disease. The new chimeric protein, named CP3, is composed of MAP, TcD and TSSAII/V/VI antigenic determinants. We compared the performance of both chimeric Ags using a panel of 67 Trypanosoma cruzi-reactive sera and 67 non-reactive ones. The sensitivity of CP3 vs CP1 was 100 and 90.2%, and specificity was 92.5 and 100%, respectively. The mixture of CP1 + CP3 achieved 100% of sensitivity and specificity. More importantly, an additional subset of 17 sera from patients with discordant results of conventional serological methods was analysed; the CP1 + CP3 mixture allowed us to accurately classify 14 of them with respect to IIF, the usual technique used in most of the reference centres. These results show an improved performance of the CP1 + CP3 mixture in comparison with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect haemagglutination commercial assays.
The feminine endings*-ayand*-āyin Semitic and Berber
Authors: van Putten Marijn
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the evidence for the marginal feminine endings*-ay-and*-āy-in Proto-Semitic, and the feminine endings*-eand*-ain Proto-Berber. Their similar formation (*CV̆CC-ay/āy), semantics (verbal abstracts, underived concrete feminine nouns) and plural morphology (replacement of the feminine suffix by a plural suffix with -w-) suggest that this feminine formation should be reconstructed to a shared ancestor which may be called Proto-Berbero-Semitic.
Reluctant Nationalists, Imperial Nation-State, and Neo-Ottomanism: Turks, Albanians, and the Antinomies of the End of Empire
Authors: Sohrabi Nader
Published: March 2018

Nationalism's role in the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire is re-examined. Traditionalists blamed the breakdown on the extreme nationalism of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) while today's orthodoxy attributes it to the external contingency of the Balkan Wars and World War I instead. This article looks at the onerous state-building and mild nation-building demands put forth by the CUP toward the Albanians. The Albanian resistance created unstable coalitions that broadened to include north and south, and tempered religion in favor of ethnicity, but fell short of demanding independence. The First Balkan War forced a vulnerable Albania to reluctantly declare independence for which it had made contingent plans. The Ottoman center refused to change course and its pursuit of an imperial nation-state prompted other populations to think and act more ethnically than ever before and draw up their own contingent plans. The concept of ethnicity without groups (Brubaker) and the causal connection between state-building and nationalism (Hechter) are critically assessed in the Ottoman context.
Evidence for Gravity Tectonics After the Great Sumatra Quake
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: March 2018

A new method that applies structural geology principles to aftershock analyses suggests that gravity-driven motion may occur during part of the seismic cycle.
Water-promoted C-S bond formation reactions
Authors: Xie Peizhong , Wang Jinyu , Liu Yanan , Fan Jing , Wo Xiangyang , Fu Weishan , Sun Zuolian , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: March 2018

Allylic sulfones, owning to their widespread distributions in biologically active molecules, received increasing attention in the past few years. However, the synthetic method under mild conditions is still a challenging task. In this paper, we report a sulfinic acids ligation with allylic alcohols via metal-free dehydrative cross-coupling. Both aliphatic and aromatic sulfinic acids react with various allylic alcohols to deliver the desired allylic sulfones in high yields with excellent selectivity. This carbon–sulfur bond formation reaction is highly efficient and practical since it works under metal-free, neutral, aqueous media and at room temperature in which the products even can be obtained by simple filtration without the need for organic extraction or column chromatography. Water is found to be essential for the success of this carbon–sulfur bond formation reaction. DFT calculations imply that water acts as promoter in this transformation via intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Cut Based Method for Comparing Complex Networks
Authors: Liu Qun , Dong Zhishan , Wang En
Published: March 2018

Revealing the underlying similarity of various complex networks has become both a popular and interdisciplinary topic, with a plethora of relevant application domains. The essence of the similarity here is that network features of the same network type are highly similar, while the features of different kinds of networks present low similarity. In this paper, we introduce and explore a new method for comparing various complex networks based on the cut distance. We show correspondence between the cut distance and the similarity of two networks. This correspondence allows us to consider a broad range of complex networks and explicitly compare various networks with high accuracy. Various machine learning technologies such as genetic algorithms, nearest neighbor classification, and model selection are employed during the comparison process. Our cut method is shown to be suited for comparisons of undirected networks and directed networks, as well as weighted networks. In the model selection process, the results demonstrate that our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art methods with respect to accuracy.
Use of SU8 as a stable and biocompatible adhesion layer for gold bioelectrodes
Authors: Matarèse Bruno F. E. , Feyen Paul L. C. , Falco Aniello , Benfenati Fabio , Lugli Paolo , deMello John C.
Published: March 2018

Gold is the most widely used electrode material for bioelectronic applications due to its high electrical conductivity, good chemical stability and proven biocompatibility. However, it adheres only weakly to widely used substrate materials such as glass and silicon oxide, typically requiring the use of a thin layer of chromium between the substrate and the metal to achieve adequate adhesion. Unfortunately, this approach can reduce biocompatibility relative to pure gold films due to the risk of the underlying layer of chromium becoming exposed. Here we report on an alternative adhesion layer for gold and other metals formed from a thin layer of the negative-tone photoresist SU-8, which we find to be significantly less cytotoxic than chromium, being broadly comparable to bare glass in terms of its biocompatibility. Various treatment protocols for SU-8 were investigated, with a view to attaining high transparency and good mechanical and biochemical stability. Thermal annealing to induce partial cross-linking of the SU-8 film prior to gold deposition, with further annealing after deposition to complete cross-linking, was found to yield the best electrode properties. The optimized glass/SU8-Au electrodes were highly transparent, resilient to delamination, stable in biological culture medium, and exhibited similar biocompatibility to glass.
Cohesively enhanced electrical conductivity and thermal stability of silver nanowire networks by nickel ion bridge joining
Authors: Wang Shang , Tian Yanhong , Hang Chunjin , Wang Chenxi
Published: March 2018

A facile method for producing high-performance nickel enhanced silver nanowire (Ag NW) transparent electrodes on a flexible substrate is reported. The modified electroplating method called enhanced nickel ion bridge joining of Ag NWs, which provides a new route for improving the loose junctions in bare Ag NW networks. The sheet resistance of Ag NW electrode drops from over 2000 Ω sq−1 to 9.4 Ω sq−1 with excellent thermal uniformity after the electroplating process within 10 s. Nickel enhanced Ag NW transparent films are applied on flexible heaters with good thermal stability (165 °C for 2 h) and mechanical flexibility (3500 cycles under 2.5 mm bending radius) after mechanical bending process. Moreover, the mechanism of nickel growth is also confirmed that the nickel electroplating of the Ag NWs obeyed Faraday’s Laws.
Diatom frustules protect DNA from ultraviolet light
Authors: Aguirre Luis Ever , Ouyang Liangqi , Elfwing Anders , Hedblom Mikael , Wulff Angela , Inganäs Olle
Published: March 2018

The evolutionary causes for generation of nano and microstructured silica by photosynthetic algae are not yet deciphered. Diatoms are single photosynthetic algal cells populating the oceans and waters around the globe. They generate a considerable fraction (20–30%) of all oxygen from photosynthesis, and 45% of total primary production of organic material in the sea. There are more than 100,000 species of diatoms, classified by the shape of the glass cage in which they live, and which they build during algal growth. These glass structures have accumulated for the last 100 million of years, and left rich deposits of nano/microstructured silicon oxide in the form of diatomaceous earth around the globe. Here we show that reflection of ultraviolet light by nanostructured silica can protect the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the algal cells, and that this may be an evolutionary cause for the formation of glass cages.
Confirmation of a metastasis-specific microRNA signature in primary colon cancer
Authors: Coebergh van den Braak Robert R. J , Sieuwerts Anieta M. , Lalmahomed Zarina S. , Smid Marcel , Wilting Saskia M. , Bril Sandra I. , Xiang Shanshan , van der Vlugt-Daane Michelle , de Weerd Vanja , van Galen Anne , Biermann Katharina , van Krieken J. Han J. M , Kloosterman Wigard P. , Foekens John A. ,   MATCH study group*, Coene Peter-Paul L. O. , Dekker Jan Willem T. , Zimmerman David D. E. , Tetteroo Geert W. M. , Vles Wouter J. , Vrijland Wietske W. , Martens John W. M. , IJzermans Jan N. M.
Published: March 2018

The identification of patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer who may benefit from adjuvant therapy may allow the clinical approach to be tailored for these patients based on an understanding of tumour biology. MicroRNAs have been proposed as markers of the prognosis or treatment response in colorectal cancer. Recently, a 2-microRNA signature (let-7i and miR-10b) was proposed to identify colorectal cancer patients at risk of developing distant metastasis. We assessed the prognostic value of this signature and additional candidate microRNAs in an independent, clinically well-defined, prospectively collected cohort of primary colon cancer patients including stage I-II colon cancer without and stage III colon cancer with adjuvant treatment. The 2-microRNA signature specifically predicted hepatic recurrence in the stage I-II group, but not the overall ability to develop distant metastasis. The addition of miR-30b to the 2-microRNA signature allowed the prediction of both distant metastasis and hepatic recurrence in patients with stage I-II colon cancer who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Available gene expression data allowed us to associate miR-30b expression with axon guidance and let-7i expression with cell adhesion, migration, and motility.
Macular assessment of preoperative optical coherence tomography in ageing Chinese undergoing routine cataract surgery
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , Zhang Zhengwei , Wang Jie , Meng Xiaomei , Chen Tiantian , Wu Zhifeng
Published: March 2018

This retrospective consecutive case series aimed to evaluate spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) for occult macular disease recognition preoperatively in patients scheduled for routine cataract surgery. All patients scheduled for cataract surgery underwent macular SD-OCT. Scans were reviewed for retinal, retinal pigment epithelium and vitreomacular interface abnormalities. For the subgroup analysis, the following information was collected: age; sex; and diabetes, hypertension, myopia, glaucoma, post intra-ocular surgery, endophotocoagulation, retinal vasculopathy and uveitis statuses. One-thousand-one-hundred-seventy-six consecutive scans were acquired from 1,176 patients. Macular pathology was found in 294 eyes. The most common macular disorders were an epiretinal membrane (n = 130), myopia atrophy (n = 61) and a dome-shaped macular with pathologic myopia (n = 32). One-hundred-thirty eyes (11.05%) presented macular epiretinal membranes not detected by dilated fundus examination, accounting for 44.22% of the abnormalities in diseased eyes and was higher than in previous Chinese studies. Some had multiple macular disorders. The most common ocular history was myopia, including high myopia. The pooled prevalence rate of macular diseases detected by OCT was 0.24 (95% CI 0.14–0.34) using meta-analysis. SD-OCT should be performed for routine cataract surgery patients to evaluate visual outcomes, especially in myopic patients and those considering advanced-technology intraocular lenses.
Diversity of innate immune cell subsets across spatial and temporal scales in an EAE mouse model
Authors: Caravagna Céline , Jaouën Alexandre , Desplat-Jégo Sophie , Fenrich Keith K. , Bergot Elise , Luche Hervé , Grenot Pierre , Rougon Geneviève , Malissen Marie , Debarbieux Franck
Published: March 2018

In both multiple sclerosis and its model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the extent of resident microglia activation and infiltration of monocyte-derived cells to the CNS is positively correlated to tissue damage. To address the phenotype characterization of different cell subsets, their spatio-temporal distributions and contributions to disease development we induced EAE in Thy1-CFP//LysM-EGFP//CD11c-EYFP reporter mice. We combined high content flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and two-photon imaging in live mice and identified a stepwise program of inflammatory cells accumulation. First on day 10 after induction, EGFP+ neutrophils and monocytes invade the spinal cord parenchyma through the meninges rather than by extravasion. This event occurs just before axonal losses in the white matter. Once in the parenchyma, monocytes mature into EGFP+/EYFP+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) whose density is maximal on day 17 when the axonal degradation and clinical signs stabilize. Meanwhile, microglia is progressively activated in the grey matter and subsequently recruited to plaques to phagocyte axon debris. LysM-EGFP//CD11c-EYFP mice appear as a powerful tool to differentiate moDCs from macrophages and to study the dynamics of immune cell maturation and phenotypic evolution in EAE.
The effect of nitrogen lone-pair interaction on the conduction in a single-molecule junction with amine-Au bonding
Authors: Sugita Yoshihiro , Taninaka Atsushi , Yoshida Shoji , Takeuchi Osamu , Shigekawa Hidemi
Published: March 2018

We have applied our previously developed three-dimensional dynamic probe method to analyze the conductance in a Au-/1,4-benzenediamine (BDA)/Au single molecule junction. This structure is a typically used example to demonstrate the high performance of the break junction (BJ) method for measuring conductance with small variations, however, details of the interaction of the nitrogen (N) lone-pair in the amine group with a Au electrode, which is considered to have a fundamental role in determining the conductance of the single molecule junction with the amine, have not yet been clarified and still remain an important issue to be resolved. In this study, we have succeeded, for the first time, in observing the site-dependent change in conductance of this system while the molecular conformation was accurately controlled, and the results were well reproduced by a simulation taking account of the effect of the N lone-pair in an amine bonding with a Au electrode.
Mutations in the CDS and promoter of BjuA07.CLV1 cause a multilocular trait in Brassica juncea
Authors: Xiao Lu , Li Xin , Liu Fei , Zhao Zhi , Xu Liang , Chen Cuiping , Wang Yanhua , Shang Guoxia , Du Dezhi
Published: March 2018

Multilocular trait has recently attracted considerable attention for its potential to increase yield. Our previous studies indicated that two genes (Bjln1 and Bjln2) are responsible for multilocular siliques in Brassica juncea and the Bjln1 gene has been delimited to a 208-kb region. In present study, the Bjln1 gene was successfully isolated using the map-based cloning method. Complementation test indicated that the BjuA07.CLV1 (equivalent to BjLn1) could rescue the multilocular phenotype and generate bilocular siliques. Two amino acids changes at positions 28 and 63 in BjuA07.clv1 as well as a 702-bp deletion in its promoter have been proved to affect the carpel numbers. Microscopic analyses suggested that BjuA07.CLV1 is involved in the maintenance of shoot and floral meristem size. The expression level of BjuA07.clv1 was significantly reduced in the SAM. Furthermore, WUS, CLV2, CLV3, RPK2 and POL, key genes in the CLV/WUS signal pathway, showed lower expression level in the multilocular plants. These data suggest that the mutations in the CDS and promoter of BjuA07.clv1 reduced its function and expression level, which disturbed CLV/WUS signal pathway, thereby leading to the enlargement of the shoot and floral meristem and resulting in the multilocular siliques.
Experimental evidence of TICT state in 4-piperidinyl-1,8-naphthalimide – a kinetic and mechanistic study
Authors: Szakács Zoltán , Rousseva Sylvia , Bojtár Márton , Hessz Dóra , Bitter István , Kállay Mihály , Hilbers Michiel , Zhang Hong , Kubinyi Miklós
Published: March 2018

The excited state processes in N-propyl-4-piperidinyl-1,8-naphthalimide have been studied by measuring its fluorescence spectra and decay curves in solvents of different polarity and viscosity and also in a frozen solvent glass.
Dendrimer as a multifunctional capping agent for metal nanoparticles for use in bioimaging, drug delivery and sensor applications
Authors: Barman Snigdha Roy , Nain Amit , Jain Saumey , Punjabi Nirmal , Mukherji Soumyo , Satija Jitendra
Published: March 2018

Various strategies (single & multi-pot) to synthesize dendrimer-coated metal nanoparticles and their exploration in various biomedical applications.