bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion on the federal structure of Soviet Russia (based on the materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Biyushkina Nadezhda Iosifovna
Published: December 2022

The subject of the study is the discussion that unfolded during the work of the Commission on drafting the Constitution of the Soviet Republic regarding the model of the state structure. The purpose of this study was to study the positions regarding the federal structure of Soviet Russia, expressed during the meetings of the Commission on drafting the Constitution of the Soviet Republic by such state and public figures as D.A. Magerovsky, M.N. Pokrovsky, M.A. Reisner, I.V. Stalin, Yu.M. Steklov, A.A. Schrader. To achieve this goal, a set of universal (dialectics), general scientific (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, structural-system method), private scientific methods (historical method), special methods (formal legal, comparative legal) were used. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that on the basis of archival documents, the author proposed a classification of positions regarding the federal structure of Soviet Russia, expressed during the work of the Commission on drafting the Constitution of 1918. (the federation of Russia on the syndicalist principle of the unification of communes, as well as the formation of a federation on the basis of a national or territorial community, as well as their combination), their implementation in the basic law of the country is justified. In addition, it is noted that the concept of a two–tier federation developed in 1918 later formed the basis of a unique state - the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the introduction of archival documents into scientific circulation.
Incorporating Polarization and Charge Transfer into a Point Charge Model for Water using Machine Learning
Authors: Han Bowen , Isborn Christine M. , Shi Liang
Published: December 2022

Rigid non-polarizable water models with fixed point charges have been widely employed in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations due to their efficiency and reasonable accuracy for the potential energy surface (PES). However, the dipole moment surface (DMS) of water is not necessarily well described by the same fixed charges, leading to their failure in reproducing dipole-related properties. Here, we developed a machine-learning (ML) model trained against electronic structure data to assign point charges for water and the resulting DMS significantly improved the predictions of the dielectric constant and the low-frequency IR spectrum of liquid water. Our analysis reveals that the degree of polarization and charge transfer (CT) can be tuned by the percentage of the exact Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange in the hybrid functional, with polarization improving the dielectric constant and CT being primarily responsible for the hydrogen-bond stretch peak at 200 cm-1 in the IR spectrum.
Tuning the Mechanical Properties of Dicyanamide-Based Molecular Perovskites
Authors: Grover Shivani , Burger Stefan , Hemmer Karina , Vervoorts Pia , Butler Keith , Kieslich Gregor , Grau-Crespo Ricardo
Published: December 2022

ABX3 molecular perovskites have recently gained attention in the field of ferroelectrics and barocalorics where the materials’ mechanical properties such as mechanical stability, compressibility, hardness, and elasticity are important performance criteria. Akin to previous work on ceramic perovskites, research on molecular perovskites benefits from the modular building principle of the perovskite motif, enabling systematic studies to learn about the interplay of chemical composition, structure, and properties. Here we use the molecular perovskite series [(nPr)3(CH3)N]M(C2N3)3 (nPr = –(C3H7) and M2+= Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Ba, Sr, Ca, Hg, or Mg) as a model system to study the impact of the M2+ metal species on the mechanical properties via lattice dynamic calculations and high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction. By using the bulk modulus as a proxy, we observe a relationship between geometric factors and mechanical properties that agree with chemical intuition. The results present a step forward for gradually refining our understanding of these materials, and contribute to the long-term goal, the design of material with targeted macroscopic properties.
The role of surface stoichiometry in the activity of doped vanadia-based catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction
Authors: Li Mengru , Sakong Sung , Dominguez-Flores Fabiola , Ma NaNa , Gross Axel
Published: December 2022

Mixing dopants into oxide catalysts can improve the catalytic activity, as shown in the dramatic boost of the NH3 selective catalytic reduction (SCR) activity on vanadia catalysts upon doping by tungsten. Thus, the design and optimization of oxide catalysts require a precise understanding of the role of dopants and their influence on catalytic reactions. Here, we employ first-principles calculations to study the influence of selected dopants (Ce, Zr, Nb, Mo, and W) in tungsta-vanadia on the SCR activity in terms of dopant concentration, distribution, and species. We demonstrate how the dopants affect the stoichiometry of the catalyst and thus fine-tune the local electron distribution and polarization in the catalytic layer. In addition, we address the relation between dopant concentration and the population of the active vanadyl configuration on the surface. Finally, we propose the generalized surface stoichiometry of the doped vanadia catalysts as a descriptor for the SCR catalytic activity, which promises to be instrumental in identifying oxide catalysts with improved properties also for other important catalytic reactions.
Optimization of the Synthesis of Chloro Dodecachloro Boron Subphthalocyanine.
Authors: Wojtkiewicz Kacper , Tetreault Adam , Bender Timothy
Published: December 2022

During this study, we analyze different methodologies to synthesize previously reported chloro dodecachloro boron subphthalocyanine (Cl-Cl12BsubPc). As we attempt to replicate the previously reported method, we were unable to successfully achieve the yield and purity that was reported, and this negative outcome was confirmed via running many times. This led us to explore different pathways to produce Cl-Cl12BsubPc, for first example, utilizing AlCl3 in axial halide exchange from Br-Cl12BsubPc to Cl-Cl12BsubPc. However, due to inability to track reaction progression during the reaction and only partial conversion, other pathways were considered. Ultimate conclusion was that we were able to synthesize Cl-Cl12BsubPc using BCl3 in p-xylene, where we achieve an improved yield of 69%, with a purity of 93%. Using TGA, to also note, we postulate a reason for the decreased thermal stability of Cl-Cl12BsubPc during train sublimation, and therefore if sublimation was done at higher temperature it results in lower purification yields.
MONASTERIES AND CHURCHES OF TOROPERSKY UEZD OF 16TH - FIRST HALF OF 17TH CENTURY: LOCALISATION AND LAND OWNERSHIP
Authors: Юлия Владимировна Степанова,
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена монастырям, церквям и церковно-монастырскому землевладению в Торопецком уезде в XVI - первой половине XVII в. Отмечается малое количество монастырей (5) и храмов, а также скромный объём церковно-монастырского землевладения. Автор объясняет это пограничным положением этой территории в составе ВКЛ и Московского государства (пограничные конфликты в Торопецкой земле в конце XV - начале XVI в.) и преобладанием черных земель с относительно устоявшейся к началу XVI в. волостной и приходской системой. Подчёркивается полное отсутствие в уезде землевладения смоленских, псковских, новгородских и других русских монастырей. Автор показывает увеличение числа храмов в первой половине XVI в. и связывает это с развитием в уезде поместного землевладения - большинство храмов приходится на северную половину уезда, затронутую в XVI в. поместными раздачами. Отмечается, что не наблюдается существенного упадка скудного церковно-монастырского хозяйства после Смутного времени.

The article is devoted to monasteries, churches and church and monastic land ownership in Toropetsky district in the 16th - first half of the 17th century. There is a small number of monasteries (5) and temples, as well as a modest amount of church and monastic land ownership. The author explains this by the border position of this territory as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Moscow State (border conflicts in the Toropetsk land at the end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th century) and the predominance of black lands with a relatively wellestablished by the beginning of the 16th century volost and parish system. The complete absence of Smolensk, Pskov, Novgorod and other Russian monasteries in the district is emphasized. Autr shows an increase in the number of churches in the first half of the 16th century. and connects this with the development of local land ownership in the county - most of the temples are located in the northern half of the county, affected in the 16th century. local distributions. It is noted that there is no significant decline in the meager church and monastery economy after the Smutnoe Vremja.
GORODOSCHE ORLOV GORODOK AND ITS RESEARCHER A.D. MAXIMOV
Authors: Сергей Евгеньевич Андреев,
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена итогам изучения А.Д. Максимовым городиша Орлов Городок - памятника III -VII вв. н.э. в бассейне Верхней Мологи. Характеризуются подходы А.Д. Максимова к изучению планиграфии городища, к классификации керамического материала и железных изделий, к определению места Орлова Городка в совокупности памятников раннего железного века, к изучению хозяйственной жизни населения. Подчёркивается, что важным итогом исследования керамики был вывод А.Д. Максимова о том, что район Мстинско-Моложского междуречья III-VII вв. можно рассматривать как самостоятельную археологическую культуру. На основании анализа ножей А.Д. Максимов определял время возникновения городища Орлов городок не ранее III-IV вв. н.э. и кроме того сделал вывод о возможном проникновении технологии трехслойного пакета на территорию Восточной Европы задолго до IX-X вв. н.э.

The article is devoted to the results of the study of A.D. Maksimov of the city of Orlov Gorodok - a an archaeological site of III-VII centuries. AD in the Upper Mologa basin. The approaches of A.D. Maksimov to the study of the planigraphy of the settlement, to the classification of ceramic material and iron products, to the determination of the place of Orlov Gorodok in the aggregate of early Iron Age monuments, to the study of the economic life of the population. It is emphasized that an important result of the study of ceramics was the conclusion of A.D. Maksimov that the region of the Msta-Molozhsky interfluve of the III-VII centuries. can be considered as an independent archaeological culture. Based on the analysis of knives by A.D. Maksimov determined the time of occurrence of the Orlov Gorodok settlement no earlier than the 3rd-4th centuries. AD and in addition, he concluded that the technology of a three-layer package could have penetrated the territory of Eastern Europe long before the IXth - Xth centuries. AD.
SYNTAX OF THE EVENT STRUCTURE
Authors: Радомир Альбертович Зайнуллин,
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена выражению механизма событийного аспекта системы реальности. Это достигается через введение рационального языка, выражающего квантирование актуализации бытия, которое, как пересечение трансцендентальных форм, детерминирует и редуцирует отношения действительности к единой функции. В таком случае бытие - это атрибут, который образует систему реальности в виде значений и отношений действительности, синтезированных в эмпирическом сознании. Это приводит к следствию, что событие размыкает бытийственные структуры с целью их реструктуризации путем локализации топоса новой идентичности. Данные механизмы выражаются математическим метаязыком и описываются в понятиях сложных систем. Предлагается описание действительности в виде логико-математического синтаксиса, который раскрывает трансцендентальное правило разума.

This article is devoted to the formal expression of the mechanism of the event aspect of the reality system. This is achieved through the introduction of a rational language that expresses the quantization of the actualization of being, which, as the intersection of transcendental forms, determines and reduces the relationship of reality to a single function. In this case, being is an attribute that forms a system of reality in the form of meanings and relations of reality, synthesized in empirical consciousness. This leads to the consequence that the event opens existential structures in order to restructure them by localizing the place of a new identity. These mechanisms are expressed by a mathematical metalanguage and are described in terms of complex systems. A description of reality is proposed in the form of a logical-mathematical syntax, which reveals the transcendental rule of reason.
MYTHOLOGEM OF THE COMING ORTHODOX TZAR: SIGNIFICANCE AND PRAGMATICS
Authors: Владимир Юрьевич Лебедев, , Александр Михайлович Прилуцкий,
Published: December 2022

Рассматривается комплекс мифотеологических представлений о предстоящем восстановлении в России православного царства. Согласно популярным профетическим текстам, атрибутируемым с различной степенью надежности, грядущий царь ожидается как фигура эсхатологическая, поэтому к нему не применяются традиционные монархические нормы и критерии. Несмотря на значительный авторитет последнего российского императора Николая Второго и его агиологический статус, грядущий царь мыслится в совершенно иной парадигме «мужицкого царя», вне какой-либо связи со стилистикой монархической аристократии. Это в принципе делает возможными претензии на царство различных религиозных авантюристов - представителей деклассированных социальных низов, лиц с уголовным прошлым и т.п. Приведены биографические данные нескольких «претендентов на царство», собранные авторами из открытых источников.

The article deals with a complex of mythological ideas about the upcoming restoration of the Orthodox kingdom in Russia. According to popular prophetictexts, including texts of dubious provenance, the coming king is expected to be an eschatological figure, and therefore traditional monarchical norms and criteria do not apply to him. Despite the significant authority of the last Russian emperor Nicholas II and his hagiological status, the future tsar is conceived in a completely different paradigm of the «muzhik-tzar», without any connection with the style of the monarchical aristocracy. This makes it possible to claim the kingdom any religious adventurers - representatives of the declassed social classes, persons with a criminal past, and so on. The biographical data of several«pretenders for the kingdom», collected by the authors from open sources, is given.
K.D. KAVELIN ON THE SOCIO-CULTURAL FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Елена Евгеньевна Михайлова,
Published: December 2022

Заграничные поездки русского историка и общественного деятеля второй половины XIX в. К.Д. Кавелина рассмотрены как поиск социокультурной идентичности. Изучая деятельность французских, немецких и швейцарских университетов, Кавелин стремился собрать материал, способный обогатить российские традиции высшего образования. Сделан вывод о том, что Кавелин как позитивист объясняет социокультурные особенности организации университетов множеством факторов. Главным, на взгляд Кавелина, является гуманитарный фактор, связанный с сообществом профессоров и студентов.

The foreign trips of the Russian historian and public figure of the second half of the XIX century K.D. Kavelin are considered as a search for socio-cultural identity. Studying the activities of French, German and Swiss universities, Kavelin sought to collect material that could enrich the Russian traditions of higher education. It is concluded that Kavelin, as a positivist, explains the socio-cultural features of the organization of universities by many factors. The main thing, in Kavelin's opinion, is the humanitarian factor associated with the community of professors and students.
THE PROBLEM OF PATRIOTISM IN GERMAN AND RUSSIAN CULTURAL TRADITIONS
Authors: Сергей Владимирович Килин,
Published: December 2022

Проблема патриотизма осмысливалась в ходе истории мировой культуры, последними этапами которой на сегодняшний день являются немецкая и русская культурные традиции. Идея патриотизма - это не выдумка философов, поскольку она существует в виде различных явлений сущности бытия его понятия - реальных фактов патриотического умонастроения и поведения граждан, поэтому патриотическая идея может быть понята только на основании теоретического синтеза логики всеобщего исторического процесса с особенным бытием понятия патриотизма в культурах различных народов, а также в различных формах познания истины, каковыми являются искусство, религия и философия. В предлагаемой статье на материале философских работ И. Канта, И. Г. Фихте и П.Я. Чаадаева, а также литературных трудов М.Е. Салтыкова-Щедрина и Ф.М. Достоевского выявляется родство понимания патриотизма в немецкой и русской культурных традициях. Кроме того, в статье обозначаются определенные различия между понятиями народа и нации, родины и отечества, а также указывается на необходимость основания национальной системы патриотического воспитания, создание которой становится неотложным в условиях резко обострившегося сегодня кризиса международной безопасности.

The problem of patriotism has been discussed in the course of the history of world culture, considered in its different aspects in German and Russian cultural traditions. The idea of patriotism is not an invention of philosophers, since it exists in the form of various phenomena - the real facts of the patriotic mentality and behavior of citizens. Therefore, the patriotic idea can be understood only on the basis of a theoretical synthesis of the logic of the universal historicalprocess with the special existence of the concept of patriotism in the cultures of various peoples, as well as in various forms of expression in are art, religion, and philosophy. The article is based on the philosophical works of I. Kant,I.G. Fichte, and P.Ya. Chaadaev, as well as on the literary works ofM.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and F.M. Dostoevsky. In its format, the kinship of the understanding of patriotism in the German and Russian cultural traditions is revealed. In addition, the article identifies certain differences between the concepts of people and nation, homeland and motherland, and also points to the need to establish a national system of patriotic education, the creation of which becomes urgently necessary under the conditions of the sharply aggravated international security crisis today.
I. BERLIN: I.G. HERDER’S COUNTER-ENLIGHTENMENT
Authors: Вера Павловна Потамская,
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена исследованию подхода И. Берлина к философии И.Г. Гердера. Указывается, что именно Гердер являлся основоположником нового исторического понимания, в соответствии с которым развитие человеческой цивилизации стало рассматриваться как воплощение множества культур, каждая из которых представляла набор ценностей, отличающийся от другой и являющийся несопоставимым с ней. Отмечается, что корни плюрализма Берлина покоятся в философии И.Г. Гердера и Дж. Вико.

The article is devoted to the study of I. Berlin's approach to I.G. Herder’s philosophy. It is indicated that Herder was the founder of a new historical understanding, according to which the development of human civilization began to be regarded as the recognition of a plurality of cultures, each of which embodied a set of values that is different from the other and was incompatible with others. It is noted that the roots of Berlin's pluralism lied in I. Herder’s and G. Vico’s thoughts.
HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE IN HERMENEUTICAL PERSPECTIVE: JU. HABERMAS - H.-G. GADAMER DEBATE
Authors: Борис Львович Губман, , Карина Викторовна Ануфриева,
Published: December 2022

Статья сфокусирована на рассмотрении проблемы исторического опыта в формате дискуссии Ю. Хабермаса и Х.-Г. Гадамера о специфике и роли герменевтической платформы в постижении мира. В подобном ракурсе полемика между этими двумя авторами до сих пор не рассматривалась в отечественной и зарубежной академической литературе, несмотря на обилие публикаций, так или иначе затрагивающих это проблемное поле. В ходе проведенного анализа показано, что тема герменевтического истолкования исторического опыта в гуманитарном и социальном познании является одной из основных при создании им теории коммуникативного действия, что и предопределило его интерес к наследию Гадамера. Открытие Гадамером универсальности герменевтической проблемы перевода было справедливо оценено Хабермасом как значимое не только в философском плане, но и в перспективе обоснования практики социальных и гуманитарных дисциплин. В статье исследуются расхождения двух авторов в понимании ими значимости исторического опыта и его герменевтического осмысления, анализируются отличия онтологического ракурса видения этого вопроса Гадамером от методологической версии подхода к нему, предложенного Хабермасом. В ходе полемики Хабермаса и Гадамера, как показано в статье, сформировалось тематическое поле герменевтической интерпретации исторического опыта, нуждающееся в дальнейшем пристальном рефлексивном обсуждении.

The paper is aimed at the analysis of the historical experience problem in the format of Yu. Habermas - H.-G. Gadamer debate on the specifics and role of the hermeneutical platform in human understanding of the world. Despite the abundance of publications on this issue, the controversy between these two authors has not yet been considered in this perspective neither in Russian, nor in foreign academic literature. In the course of the analysis, it is revealed that the topic of hermeneutical interpretation of historical experience in social sciences and humanities was central when Habermas created his theory of communicative action that predetermined his interest in the legacy of Gadamer. Gadamer's discovery of the universality of the hermeneutical problem of translation was rightly assessed by Habermas as significant not only in philosophical terms, but also in the perspective of substantiating the practice of social sciences and humanities. The article examines the differences between the two authors in theirunderstanding of the value of historical experience and its hermeneutical interpretation, as well as the existing differences between Gadamer's ontological approach to this issue and the methodological one proposed by Habermas. In the course of the Habermas - Gadamer debate, as shown in the article, a thematic field of hermeneutical interpretation of historical experience was formed, which needs further close reflexive discussion.
Flora of Singapore precursors, 34: Typification of names in Singapore Acanthaceae
Authors: de Kok R.P.J.
Published: December 2022

Nineteen names of Acanthaceae species occurring in Singapore are lectotypified and one name is neotypified.
Unravelling the identity of Sindora(Fabaceae, Detarioideae) trees in the historical landscapes of Singapore
Authors: Choo L.M. , Ang W.F. , Loo A.H.B. , Er K.B.H.
Published: December 2022

Sindora Miq. is a noteworthy genus in Singapore, with records of its existence, both natural and cultivated, dating back to the colonial period. Among which was the iconic‘Changi Tree’, an approximately 76 m tall tree at Changi that was felled in 1942 during WorldWar II. With the recent revision of the genus in Singapore, it was timely to survey the key historical landscapes at the Singapore Botanic Gardens (SBG), Fort Canning Park (FCP) and Changi Village Estate (CVE) for Sindora trees that are currently found or were once present in these locations. This was done through a site survey of the three areas, a study of herbarium specimens, literature and pictorial records relating to these areas, and the carbon dating of selected trees to ascertain their ages. At least 26 mature Sindora trees were recorded from this study, with at least 23 from SBG, one from FCP and two from CVE. Eighteen of these trees have been lost over time, leaving a total of eight trees consisting of an individual of Sindora siamensis Teijsm. ex Miq. and five of Sindora wallichii Benth. from SBG, one Sindora siamensis from FCP and one Sindora × changiensis L.M.Choo et al. from CVE. The latter is a hybrid of Sindora coriacea (Baker) Prain and S. echinocalyx Prain, recently elucidated using molecular tools. The identity of the ‘Changi Tree’ could not be fully verified, but it was likely to have been a Sindora echinocalyx based on a herbarium specimen collected from Changi. This study highlights the conservation value of trees in historical landscapes in Singapore, their importance in contributing to the genetic diversity of species in Singapore outside of nature reserves, and their role as a living legacy of Singapore’s rich botanical and horticultural history.
Dinámica del comercio internacional de productos de belleza para la estética. Caso Suramérica
Authors: Mera Duque Yessica Estefania , Patiño Vanegas Juan Camilo
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la dinámica del comercio internacional de productos de belleza para la medicina estética y su extrapolación a Sur América. La metodología que se usó fue el análisis cuantitativo mediante gráficos de información de comercio internacional obtenida del observatorio de complejidad económica. Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentra que se mantiene la tendencia mundial de dos de los principales países exportadores del mundo, los cuales exportan a 4 de los principales países importadores de Sur América, sin embargo, Corea del Sur a pesar de ser el segundo más grande exportador de productos de belleza del mundo, no figura como uno de los principales exportadores para los países sudamericanos. Además, en dos de los países sudamericanos, Argentina y Perú se observa una tendencia de comercio internacional de productos de belleza entre países del continente americano más que un comercio con los países europeos o asiáticos
Análisis de Tendencias del Crowdfunding como Mecanismo de Innovación en Inversión para las Pymes
Authors: Montoya Cardona Felipe , González González Sandra Milena , Patiño Vanegas Juan Camilo
Published: December 2022

El Crowfunding es una alternativa de soluciones financieras que surge como mecanismo de inversión para las pymes. Se refiere a cualquier formación de capital donde las necesidades de financiación se comunican a través de una convocatoria abierta a un grupo de personas mediante una plataforma tecnológica. Proceso que va en aumento por el impacto en el desarrollo del emprendimiento y el apoyo para la innovación. Por tanto, la presente investigación tiene como propósito presentar las tendencias del Crowfunding a partir de un análisis bibliométrico, presentando indicadores de cantidad de la base de datos Scopus y representados en mapas de redes con el software Vosviewer para identificar las palabras claves. Como resultado se determina que el crowdfunding se encuentra en un estado de desarrollo constante, los temas centrales tienen cuatro núcleos fundamentales que se entrelazan con temas diversos que van desde la alternativa financiera, innovación social o creación colaborativa. La palabra crowdfunding tiene la mayor asociación con temáticas relacionadas con blockchain. Adicionalmente, los hallazgos revelan que es un mecanismo efectivo para financiar el capital inicial de proyectos sin la necesidad de entidades financieras como intermediarios. A su vez es una temática que aumenta cada año, aunque hace falta realizar más investigaciones al respecto y profundizar en los temas ya expuestos, en especial Latinoamérica; puesto que, presenta el menor número de artículos publicados comparado con Estados Unidos y Europa
Diseño de un prototipo que permita minimizar la emisión de gases contaminantes generados en los procesos químicos e industriales del sector curtiembres en el departamento de Antioquia
Authors: Oquendo Gómez Juliana , García Herrera Luisa Fernanda , Quintero Cesar Augusto
Published: December 2022

Las industrias curtiembres consisten en la transformación de piel animal en productos para uso cotidiano del ser humano, donde se requiere de la utilización de químicos y procesos que contaminan la tierra, el aire y agua, estos procesos traen consigo un impacto negativo en la atmósfera, dañando la calidad ambiental y perjudicando de manera directa los ecosistemas que en muchos de los casos no tienen una reversa, el proyecto tiene como objetivo diseñar un prototipo que permita minimizar las emisiones de los gases contaminantes, generados en los procesos químicos e industriales del sector de las curtiembres en el departamento de Antioquia, incorporando el carbón activado que es un adsorbente versátil, usado para purificar, decolorar, desodorizar, separar, filtrar, eliminar o modificar los componentes dañinos de gases y soluciones líquidas. Se realiza estudio gases contaminantes producidos por las industrias curtiembres, las características y los índices contaminantes, posteriormente estudiar los indicadores, para identificar los cambios que se deben realizar en estos parámetros contaminantes, se tiene en cuenta el decreto 02 de 1982 el cual rige las curtiembres, en el cual se dicta el control de emisiones atmosféricas y reglamentaciones, como el artículo 37 el cual dicta los estándares de emisión admisibles para instalaciones de tratamiento térmico de subproductos de animales. Finalmente, en los resultados de este proyecto se determina que por medio del prototipo se mejora la calidad del aire, debido a que se reduce los niveles de gases contaminantes emitidos por los procesos en las industrias curtiembres.
Desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo basado en reconocimiento facial para identificar personas con antecedentes legales
Authors: Graciano López Adrian Felipe , Ramírez Ortega Nicolás , García Arango David Alberto , Obando Ibarra Christian Hernán
Published: December 2022

En diversos lugares se cuenta con cámaras de reconocimiento facial, su principal función está orientada hacia la identificación del pasado judicial de todas las personas que transitan por la ciudad de Medellín, el objetivo principal es detectar aquellas personas con algún antecedente judicial en curso, y de esta manera aportar a la seguridad de la ciudad de Medellín y sus alrededores. Las cámaras capturan una imagen que será enviada y contrastada con una base de datos de todas las personas que tengan orden de captura, de búsqueda o prisión domiciliaria y que se encuentren fuera de su cobertura según lo permitido por la ley entre otros. Al detectar que la persona tiene alguna de las condiciones anteriormente mencionadas, se enviará una alerta de tal forma que se haga el seguimiento respectivo. En ese sentido, la solución propuesta constará de los siguientes procesos: captura de imagen, búsqueda de imagen mediante contrastación, emisión de alerta en tiempo y lugar en caso de señal positiva y trazabilidad del recorrido de la persona identificada.
Multicriteria Oppositional-Learnt Dragonfly Resource-Optimized QoS Driven Channel Selection for CRNs
Authors: Sirisha Devi Ch.S.N. , Maloj Suman
Published: December 2022

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) allow their users to achieve adequate QoS while communicating. The major concern related to CRN is linked to guaranteeing free channel selection to secondary users (SUs) in order to maintain the network’s throughput. Many techniques have been designed in the literature for channel selection in CRNs, but the throughput of the network has not been enhanced yet. Here, an efficient technique, known as multicriteria oppositional-learnt dragonfly resource optimized QoS-driven channel selection (MOLDRO-QoSDCS) is proposed to select the best available channel with the expected QoS metrics. The MOLDRO-QoSDCS technique is designed to improve energy efficiency and throughput, simultaneously reducing the sensing time. By relying on oppositional-learnt multiobjective dragonfly optimization, the optimal available channel is selected depending on signal-to-noise ratio, power consumption, and spectrum utilization. In the optimization process, the population of the available channels is initialized. Then, using multiple criteria, the fitness function is determined and the available channel with the best resource availability is selected. Using the selected optimal channel, data transmission is effectively performed to increase the network’s throughput and to minimize the sensing time. The simulated outputs obtained with the use of Matlab are compared with conventional algorithms in order to verify the performance of the solution. The MOLDRO-QoSDCS technique performs better than other methods in terms of throughput, sensing time, and energy efficiency.
Modeling the Geometry of an Underwater Channel for Acoustic Communication
Authors: Naman Hala A. , Abdelkareem A.E.
Published: December 2022

The achievement of efficient data transmissions via underwater acoustic channels, while dealing with large data packets and real-time data fed by underwater sensors, requires a~high data rate. However, diffraction, refraction, and reflection phenomena, as well as phase and amplitude variations, are common problems experienced in underwater acoustic (UWA) channels. These factors make it difficult to achieve high-speed and long-range underwater acoustic communications. Due to multipath interference caused by surface and ocean floor reflections, the process of modeling acoustic channels under the water's surface is of key importance. This work proposes a~simple geometry-based channel model for underwater communication. The impact that varying numbers of reflections, low water depth values, and distances between the transmitter and the receiver exert on channel impulse response and transmission loss is examined. The high degree of similarity between numerical simulations and actual results demonstrates that the proposed model is suitable for describing shallow underwater acoustic communication environments.
Psychoanalysis of “Lust, Caution” in the Context of Femme Fatale and Fetishism
Authors: Xu Jie
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on the women’s agency under the Hong Kong movie’s spectrum by using Eileen Chang’s “Lust, Caution” as an example, reassuring the importance of a father figure in a woman’s childhood. The paper first introduces Chang’s female fatale’s figure and puts forward the reason it can be a classic figure. This paper ends with the conclusion of the women’s agency, focusing on human desires and temptations as well as the dilution of ideological opposition.
Classification of Abstract Noun and The Productive of its Affixes in Kurdish Language
Authors: Sedeeq Sherzad Saeed , Khdir Omer Salih
Published: December 2022

This research is entitled “ Classification of abstract noun and the productive of its affixes in Kurdish language”. The importance of this study shows that before in linguistic sources, any noun that was not concrete was named abstract noun and was not classified more, but this research tries to classify the abstract nouns according to the concept and field they reach. It is also an attempt to demonstrate the rate of activity and productivity of the affixes that make abstract noun and a role in enriching the Kurdish language dictionary. The research consists of two section: the first section except for the introduction and summary theoretically talked about the concept, term and definition of the productivity. Also, in general the nouns and types of nouns are mentioned in terms of existence (concrete and abstract), then the types of abstract noun are classified. In the second section, practically the productive of the affixes in creating the types of abstract nouns are presented examples. Finally, the results and list of references are shown.
Kurdish EFL Students’ Perceptions about the use of E-learning During the Covid-19 Lockdown
Authors: Haji Hadi Hussein , Hama Hawraz Qader
Published: December 2022

The outbreak of the coronavirus (Covid-19) in December 2019 caused the total closure of educational institutions and led to stop of the face-to-face teaching for a long time. Therefore, e-learning was applied as an alternative teaching method to continue education. However, little is known about students’ perceptions on the use and acceptance of e-learning implemented during the Covid-19 lockdown, especially in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Hence, this study aims to explore the university students’ perceptions about the use of e-learning during the lockdown in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. In so doing, a mixed-method approach is utilised to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from 50 Kurdish EFL students. The results of data analysis revealed that more students show positive perceptions than those who hold neutral and negative perceptions about the use of e-learning during the lockdown.
The Influence of the Pragmatism Philosophy on Linguistics
Authors: Assaf Hewa Ahmed , Saeed Yousif  Sharif
Published: December 2022

Pragmatism, a philosophical approach that originally appeared in the USA, places its evaluation of the validity of ideas on concepts such as "action" and "benefit". The pioneers of this philosophy believe that the basis of human thought and knowledge should be traced back to the notion of benefit. Language, according to John Dewey, is a tool for representing thought and meaning. Accordingly, the language must be loaded with utilitarian ideas and be a tool for creating a practical and realistic effect. That is, pragmatism was concerned with the purpose of language use and its significance at the expense of its form.

        It is worth mentioning that some other branches in linguistics were born from pragmatism, such as pragmatics, which deals with language in use, semiotics, applied linguistics, behaviorism, speech act theory, and discourse analysis.

        All of these branches of linguistics are concerned with the actual and utilitarian aspects of language and investigate language in terms of usage and conditions of use. This paper is an attempt to highlight how these linguistic fields are affected by the philosophy of pragmatism. The research consists of two sections. In the first section, the broad outlines of the philosophy of pragmatism are examined, and in the second section, the effect of the pragmatism philosophy on these fields of linguistics is examined.
Social Problems of Displaced Women
Authors: Mohammad Fawzia Abdullah , Abdullah Abdullah Kurshed
Published: December 2022

This research aims to identify the social, economic, health, psychological and housing problems that the displaced women are exposed to after displacement. The research relied on the qualitative approach in the form of interviews with the organization's questions, and a community was randomly selected, and the sample was intentionally selected in four suburbs which are, (Debaga camp - Debaga district, Qushtaba district, Ankawa district, Khabat district) in the city of Erbil, as well as two theories were applied in it, and the most important findings of the research in the end were the most important: that the majority of the displaced originally belonged to the city of Mosul and the majority of them were of Arab nationalism, and specifically they were displaced from the villages of Makhmour district. They were among the categories of married women and housewives, and the number of their family members for the majority ranged between (1-5) individuals. It is clear from the results that the majority of displaced women suffer from several problems, including financial ones, due to the husband’s illness or death - and the missing among them in particular, including their marital status from the categories (the immigrant husband), that is, they left their wives and married another woman. And the majority suffer from health problems and a state of disability in the body, especially the displaced women of Christian nationalism. Among the results, it is clear that the majority of displaced women suffer from housing problems, due to the presence of dampness and the lack of health conditions in their housing. The majority of the displaced confirmed that they do not want to return to their city, due to the lack of safety and stability in their areas of origin. At the end of the research, the researchers presented some recommendations and suggestions to address the problems of the displaced.
The Communicative Action of Habermas
Authors: Kakasur Nadia Omer
Published: December 2022

Jürgen Habermas wants to establish the theory of communicative action, in a time where society is under influence of Instrumental mind. In other terms the authoritarian mind  of  the  authoritarian  through  and  capitalists  in  markets  controlling companies, state authorities and the society.

Habermas intends to visualize the theory of Communicative action. The theory of a social criticism  that  based  on Anthropology, linguistics,  ethics,  politics,  social principles, philosophy and  other  principles,  in  order  to  point  out  the  characteristics  of intellectuals socio-institutionally, that consist of restriction and limit the human and nature, treating it as means.  

 This theory is to serve a critical-social analyses and to hold characteristics  of  intellectuals  socio-institutionally, to have the  ability  breaking through the intellectuals socio-institutionally, that being for ages in the western intellectuals, aiming not only the individuals open up to each other, but to reach the level of fruitful understanding, to establish a intellectuals status and only by this is able to integrate the scattered parts of society, which the communicative is a social act and aiming toward (Social integration).

Therefore, to give a broader sense of this theory, our study presented in the following section: The Theory of Communicative Action, The role of Discourse Theory, Habermas’s Cosmopolitanism, Habermas’s Discourse Theory.
Semantic Parallelism in Love Poetry in the Umayyad Era, Analytical Study - Selected Models
Authors: Rasheed Pakhshan Raheem , Mohamedamin Mohamedamin Ali
Published: December 2022

This study, was named with (Semantic Parallelism in love Poetry in the Umayyad Era, Analytical Study - Selected Models-) tries to investigate semantic parallelism as one of the stylistic features in love poetry in the Umayyad era, where it sheds light through this technique on some of the technical aspects inherent in the content of the lyrical text and exploring its depths, drawing on the opinions of some Western critics, ancient Arab scholars and contemporary Arab researchers.

The study examined the nature of semantic parallelism and its importance in literary and critical studies, and then went through the application of the topic of semantic parallelism to selected models of love poetry in the Umayyad era for a number of stallion poets, through two main aspects: synonymous parallelism and contralateral or congruent parallelism, in order to reveal The effectiveness of parallelism in supplementing the poetry with a number of artistic and moral characteristics and stimulating the recipient, in addition to creating a kind of moral and verbal cohesion in the creative poetic text.

The study also dealt with semantic parallelism through all types of love Poetry in that period, and in some cases it drew illustrative charts for the purpose of clarifying the idea and ease of acceptance by the recipient.
The Origins of the Appeal at Abdullah Bin Massoud God Rest his Soul Through (The Al Dar Al Manthur in the Interpretation of the Adage is ) Applied Study
Authors: Mustafa Amir Ahmad , Muhammad Omar Ali
Published: December 2022

All the respected companions and especially their scholars lived during the period of the revelation of the Qur'an to the Prophet, And they were aware of all the events which the Qur'an was revealed for ,also they were aware of the time and situation of the revelation. God has been gracious and merciful to them and he had prepared them to receive this holy revelation. And they also cared about the goals of the shariat in general and They considered the reasons of this revelation, they were trying to deduce the law specific to the Qur'an and the shariat. According to the shariat they determined the solution of new events, they linked reality to the Qur'an, Because the holy message of Islam is a message that has several general and appropriate laws for all advanced and non-advanced communities, the message of God is the only message that can lead humanity to happiness And give them peace. Each of these companions had a pure heart, and the light of the message of God and the Prophet was in them. One of these esteemed companions was Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, who was a great companion and the owner of the school) belief and understanding), he had his own reasons for deriving the laws of th Qur'an and Sunnah. He had his own reasons for inferring the laws of the Qur'an and Sunnah, including the Holy (Qur'an, the Prophetic Sunnah, accepting, inferring(.
Identity and Language of Education in the Kurdistan Region
Authors: Sleman Azad Aziz
Published: December 2022

This research is intended to shed light on the problems of the Kurdish language in the Kurdistan Region, especially in the field of education and higher education. This is because we assume that in modern life, there is a great risk which threatens our cultural identity in the light of globalization that tries to weaken our natural identity and impose a unipolar cultural dominance of the English language. If in the past the responsibility lies with the enemies of the Kurdish people in crackling down on the kurdish language in the stages of the occupation, the responsibility now lies with the officials of the Kurdistan regional Government (from the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education). Because they do not have a policy and plan related to the language, and do not put an end to the disregard of the Kurdish language and the violation of the state law and constitution. In this regard, we have tried to present different views on the language of education in the centers of education and its effects on the linguistic identity of the individual and Kurdish society. In addition, schools and education centers were classified according to languages. Finally, the importance and status of language in the process of education were analyzed in order to reach conclusions on the formulation of a current plan of the Kurdish language in the education process.
The Necessity of Education from the Perspective of The Purposes of Islamic Law
Authors: Abdulla Abdulla Muhammad , Braim Hemn Aziz
Published: December 2022

Allah almighty has set us a law that takes care of all aspects of our lives and this sharia has purposes to bring interests to people and pay for them, and seeks in all ways to delight the life of humanity, and takes care of anything that is a reason for achieving these interests, and as it seeks to pay everything that leads to harm to people, this means that Islamic law does not give up purposes, and one of its purposes is educational purposes, the Islamic law seeks through education to achieve these interests, if We looked at the provisions of Islamic law, all of them have secured purposes for human education, and thus the relationship between the purposes of sharia and education is linked, the purposes urge people to stick to education and education to preserve the purposes of sharia, and the relationship between them was fairly strong if one of them was to spoil the other, for example, education can preserve religion. If we look at the purposes of Sharia, it seeks to preserve the necessities of the five (religion, soul, mind, offspring, and money). Every process that is a reason for memorising these necessities is the basis for the education process. Also, education tries to be virtues and stay away from vices, hence it agrees with the purposes of Sharia, which seeks to bring interests and pay harms. Thus, the process of education is a servant of the purposes of Islamic law and is a necessity from its perspective and also for daily life.