bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wind energy applied as a sustainable technology to produce electrical energy in Basra
Authors: Jassim Ahmad K , Ateeq Adnan A
Published: February 2021

Wind energy is one of the main renewable energy sources that applied as sustainable technology to produce electricity. It is an environmentally friendly system that generating electricity without using any consumable materials and without producing any greenhouse gases and waste. In this research, a horizontal upwind turbine system was designed and manufactured with three blades using polyvinyl chloride PVC and high-density polyethylene HDPE, Aluminium and carbon steel material. It was applied to study the efficiency of the wind energy system in Basra to produce electricity in different airspeed and directions. The results show that the maximum airspeed in Basra is 6 m/s at a height of 4 m which produced 21 Volt and 1323 Watt. The greatest range of speed is 4-5 m/s on the south, east and north. However, the lowest airspeed is 2.45-3.5 m/s on west direction. Moreover, PVC material is not suitable to produce wind blades because it is broken fast due to a sudden change in the air direction.
Synthesis, Surface Modification and Characterization of Magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Salman D , Juzsakova T , Al-Mayyahi M A , Ákos R , Mohsen S , Ibrahim R I , Mohammed Hassan D. , Abdullah T A , Domokos E , Korim T
Published: February 2021

The nanoparticles of the magnetic core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 were produced using a modified Stöber approach and functionalized with (3-amino-propyl) APTES triethoxysilane and ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). Magnetic nano adsorbents exhibit many attractive opportunities for different purposes due to their easy removal and possibility of reusing these nanoparticles. The ligands grafting was chemically stable and did not affect the morphology or substrate structure appreciably. APTES-EDTA microspheres were formed for the removal from aqueous solution solutions of trivalent rare earth elements ions since the REEs have a strong oxygen affinity. The advantages of the SiO2 shell that covers the magnetite nanoparticles include lower specific weight and a larger grafting density compared to other surfaces, improving the resistance to acidic environments. Different techniques have described the particle size, morphology, precise surface area and surface alteration including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 15 ± 3 nm were successfully synthesized at pH=11, at 25 °C temperature. Moreover, The nanoparticles prepared for Fe3O4 were coated with amorphous SiO2 and functionalized with amino and carboxylic groups.
Review on the Precursor Preparation and Carbon Fiber Manufacturing
Authors: Lu Zhaojun
Published: February 2021

Benefiting from policy promotion and rapid industrial development, the integration of Chinese carbon fiber companies has sprung up, accounting for nearly 70% of the world’s total, and overall production capacity has ranked third in the world. This article aims at doing the research on the precursor preparation and carbo fiber manufacturing.
Influence Relationship between Mathematical Model-Based Elevator braking Distance and Equilibrium Coefficient
Authors: Kuangye Niu , FengShuangchang  , Xiaoqing Chang , zhaoling Xue
Published: February 2021

A mathematical model was developed to compare the association between the braking distances between the unloaded upward and downward braking inspection of the elevator at 125% load, and to derive the corresponding mathematical relationship and the interrelationship between the two braking distances as a function of the equilibrium coefficient. Then, by substituting typical values for specific parameters, the corresponding conclusions were drawn.At a equilibrium coefficient between 0.4 and 0.5, the two braking distances have some similarity with some reference value.
Structure design and kinematics analysis and simulation of exercise bike type lower limb rehabilitation instrument
Authors: Lian Xun
Published: February 2021

This article proposes a structural design of an exercise bike-type lower limb rehabilitation device, and introduces its components and design in detail. Through the organic combination of pedal-type rehabilitation actuators and exoskeleton auxiliary fixation mechanisms, it is safe and effective to maintain or restore old Human’ lower limb exercise ability. By formulating rehabilitation training strategies and using exoskeleton assisted fixation, the training trajectory of the user’s lower limbs can be fixed and sufficient safety guarantees are provided. This design uses SolidWorks for 3D software simulation to complete the part modeling, device assembly drawing and sports simulation of the exercise bike-type lower limb rehabilitation device, which has broad development prospects and practical value.
An accurate stop control method of high-speed rolling machine for automobile production line using laser ranging and two positon close loop
Authors: Qiao Zhifeng , Ge Weimin , Zhang Haikang , Wei Huiyong
Published: February 2021

The high-speed rolling machine is a key equipment in the automatic production line of automobile body-in-white welding. This article focuses on analyzing a method for accurately stopping the high-speed rolling machine using laser distance measurement. Firstly, through the analysis of the movement process, the calculation method of the length of each period in the 7-stage S-type acceleration and deceleration in the movement of the high-speed rolling machine is given; secondly, the system control theory model of the measurement and control system is established to analyze the dual-position closed-loop strategy The method of realizing the accurate stopping of the high-speed rolling machine; finally, the accurate stopping control method of the high-speed rolling machine proposed in this paper was verified by building an experimental system and developing the corresponding control program.
Statics analysis and topology optimization of support base for airdrop based on ANSYS Workbench
Authors: Zhang Xiaqi , Wang Jinlong , Chen Hui , Yuan Chengdong
Published: February 2021

This article takes the support seat used to connect a certain airdrop system and the aircraft as the research object. According to the force of the support seat, the finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench is used to perform static analysis on the support seat, and the overall deformation and stress of the support seat are obtained. Based on the static analysis, the topological optimization of the support base is carried out, and the original support base structure is modified according to the optimized results. Finally, under the premise of ensuring the performance requirements of the support base, the mass and volume of the optimized support base are reduced by 12.11%, meeting the design requirements of lightweight structure, and also providing a reference for future design work in this field.
Investigation on sheet flexible-die drawing process
Authors: Deli Tang , Lianfa Yang
Published: February 2021

The characteristics of sheet flexible-die drawing process were discussed, compared with traditional sheet drawing process, sheet flexible-die drawing process can improve the limit drawing ratio, reduce the forming force, balance the thickness distribution and enhance the formability of the sheet. In this paper, the forming principle, research status and the forming characteristics of hydroforming, viscous pressure and solid granules sheet drawing process were demonstrated. In addition, the improvement of forming quality and efficiency under the aid of ultrasonic vibration, electricity, magnetic field and the mixture of them were also reviewed.
Study on thermal characteristics of deep groove ball bearing based on Green’s Function and COMSOL
Authors: Zhang Kai , Hu Hanping , Liu Xiaojie
Published: February 2021

Thermal characteristics seriously affect the performance of bearing, which analyzing the temperature field of bearing is inevitable. This paper presents a better solution based on Green’s Function. It is more efficient and accurate than the integral transform method provided in current literature. The finite element method (FEM) with COMSOL is applied to simulate in the three-dimensional model. By comparing analytical solution and FEM, the tendency of temperature is reasonable. And the maximum temperature locates at the roller is 41.2476 °C . Beside, little difference in temperature between inner and outer raceway and the former is little high. Moreover, heat flux only transfers from rollers to raceway, which causes thermal load on the contact region. According to the analytical method, deep groove needs equivalent treatment to reduce error. Then 40.7995°C obtained by Green’s Function and 40.8592°C obtained by COMSOL in the same position on inner raceway. This paper mainly provides an advantage analytical method to verify the temperature field in deep groove ball bearing, and it is valuable for studying thermal reliability of bearing.
On a threshold of desorption during the pumping of a nanofluid through porous medium
Authors: Demin V A , Maryshev B S , Menshikov A I
Published: February 2021

The results of direct numerical simulation are intended to describe the saturation process of a nanofluid through artificial porous medium. The calculations were fulfilled using the hypothesis, which presumed the adsorptive nature of nanoparticles adhesion to the solid boundaries of pores. Mathematical statement of the problem was based on the modified MIM-model and Darcy – Boussinesq equations. The dependence of the desorption intensity on the value of filtration velocity was taken into account in the course of theoretical investigation. It was shown that this factor for concentration redistribution of the immobile impurity led to the steepening of the wave front as a function of time. Phenomenological realization of novel physical assumptions made the results of numerical modeling closer to the experimental data.
Nonlinear behavior of an insoluble surfactant partially covering liquid during the transition to equilibrium
Authors: Demin V A , Petukhov M I
Published: February 2021

The process of relaxation to the mechanical and thermal equilibrium state of an insoluble surfactant film partially covering liquid has been investigated theoretically by the method of direct numerical simulation. Thermometric experimental data, which describe the film dynamics along the upper free boundary of a shallow Hele – Shaw cell, are analyzed and explained. At the initial stage, the temperature along the surface is non-uniform. This distribution generates a large-scale convective motion throughout the volume. The volume of the carrying liquid is relatively small. Therefore, the mutual action of the surfactant film and moving liquid on the dynamics of each other is turned to be significant. Thermo- and concentration-capillary forces on the surface, jointly with the buoyancy one in the volume, initiate the convection but after the heating stops, the non-monotonous propagation of the thermal front can be observed on the surface for some values of governing parameters. The calculations show that the characteristics of the motion are essentially different for temperature and concentration fields. This effect can be explained by the serious distinction of the kinetic coefficients for surfactant transfer and thermal processes.
Regular flow emergence at inclined surface in a stratified turbulent medium
Authors: Ingel L Kh
Published: February 2021

The authors focus on the following effect: near an inclined surface in a temperature (density) stratified turbulent medium in a gravity field, a regular flow along the slope should appear. This is due to the existence of a region of weakened turbulent exchange near the solid surface, in other words, to the appearance of spatial inhomogeneities of the effective coefficient of turbulent heat transfer. In this case, horizontal components of the gradients of temperature, density and, consequently, hydrostatic pressure arise near an inclined surface. This, in turn, it leads to the emergence of an average (non-turbulent) slope current. The mentioned problem is just an example of a much wider range of phenomena – stratified flows in the gravity field, arising due to the horizontal inhomogeneity of the transfer coefficients. In conclusion, another example of such flow is given.
Numerical study of turbulent mixed convection in a rotating inter-disk cavity with axial throughflow of cooling air
Authors: Smirnov Sergei I , Abramov Alexey G , Kitanina Ekaterina E , Smirnov Evgueni M
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the results of eddy-resolving numerical simulation of mixed convection developing in a rapidly rotating inter-disk cavity with axial throughflow of cooling air. Under conditions of the experiments available in the literature for the case of the cavity heating from the side of the disk surfaces, the computations were performed using two methods: Implicit LES and zonal RANS/ILES, with and without taking into account the gravity effects. In case of the zonal RANS/ILES approach, the axial pipe flow and the zone of turbulent mixing of throughflow with particles of heated gas were simulated on the base of the RANS equations added by a turbulence model, whereas the major part of the buoyancy-controlled cavity flow was computed with the ILES method. The ratio of the cavity width to its outer radius was 0.13. The computations were carried out at the rotational Reynolds number equal to 2·105, if evaluated with the outer radius; the axial flow Reynolds number was 2·104. A moderate size grid used in the computations (of about 5·105 cells) provided a good resolution of quasi-laminar Ekman layers. Data on dynamics of unsteady vortex structures forming in the cavity, on characteristics of local heat transfer, as well as on effects of the gravity force action are reported. The results of computations of the time-averaged local Nusselt number on the disks surfaces are compared with measurement data; an acceptable agreement has been obtained in case of the zonal RANS/ILES approach.
Centrifugal convection in a two-layer system of reacting miscible fluids
Authors: Utochkin Vladimir , Siraev Ramil , Bratsun Dmitry
Published: February 2021

The authors study the effect of uniform rotation on the system of two reacting miscible liquids placed in a cylindrical Hele-Shaw cell. The cell performs a rotation with a constant velocity around the axis of symmetry resulting in a radially directed inertial field. The initial configuration of the system is statically stable and consists of two concentric layers of aqueous solutions of acid and base, which are spatially separated. When liquids are brought into contact, a neutralization reaction begins, which is accompanied by the release of salt. In this work, we obtain a system of governing equations and present the results of numerical simulation. We found that reaction-diffusion processes lead to the formation of a non-monotonic density profile with a potential well. If the rotation rate gradually increases, then a cellular convection pattern can develop in the potential well. We found that with further growth of the control parameter, the periodicity of the pattern is violated due to the influence of another convective instability, which independently develops in the domain close to the axis of rotation. The action of the inertial field results in the ejection of some convective vortices from the potential well.
Experimental study of cavitation erosion of quartz in the presence of surfactant molecules
Authors: Fattalov O O , Lyubimova T P , Rybkin K A , Lunegov I V , Kuchinskiy M O
Published: February 2021

The interaction of bubbles with a solid flat surface of amorphous quartz, in the presence of surfactants in water, in the presence of ultrasonic action, was experimentally investigated. The study of surface properties with the use of an atomic force microscope made it possible to study the mechanism of ultrasonic degradation of the surface of solid plates, including those with surfactants adsorbed on their surface. The experiments have shown that the changes, under the action of ultrasound, of the surface properties, in these experiments, consist in the formation of chips on the surface of quartz crystals, which leads to an increase in the average surface roughness by three times in comparison with the plates that were not subjected to ultrasonic action. Was founded that the distribution of the surfactant layer on the surface of the plates depends on the concentration of the surfactant in the solution, and its presence at the solid-liquid interface leads to a decrease in the ultrasonic erosion of the plate surface. The mechanism of heterogeneous cavitation in the presence of surfactants is to reduce the probability of interaction between an inertial cavitation bubble and a solid surface, because of which the probability of local destruction of the surface decreases.
Stability of a ferrofluid layer on a liquid substrate
Authors: Khokhryakova C A , Kolesnichenko E V
Published: February 2021

The stability of a horizontal magnetic fluid layer located on a liquid substrate in the alternating magnetic field orthogonal to the surface is experimentally investigated. Kerosene-based magnetite liquid stabilized with oleic acid (ferrofluid) and perfluorooctane (to create a liquid substrate) were chosen as working fluids. The presence of a free surface and interface in the magnetic fluid layer determines the influence of spatial characteristics of the system, such as the diameter of the cell and the thickness of the liquid layer, on the resonant frequency. The stability of the ferrofluid layer in an orthogonal stationary magnetic field is investigated, and the dependence of the critical field strength on the layer thickness is obtained. The dependences of intensity amplitude on the alternating magnetic field frequency are depicted for the ferrofluid layers of various initial thicknesses. The obtained stability curves show that the low frequency field (1–4 Hz) destabilizes the system, while the high frequency one (from 4 Hz and above) has a stabilizing effect.
Stability of interface between liquids with high viscosity contrast in unevenly rotating cavity
Authors: Kozlov V G , Dementieva J S , Kobeleva V S , Petuhova M A
Published: February 2021

The effect of modulation of the cavity rotation rate on the interface of liquids of different densities and high viscosity contrast is studied experimentally. The cavity is a short horizontal cylinder rotating around its axis. The end walls of the cavity form a narrow gap. Under uniform rotation the interface has an axisymmetric shape. With the modulation growth, the axisymmetric boundary loses stability. Instability manifests itself in the appearance of a regular quasistationary relief at the interphase. The relief excitation is associated with the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Tangential velocity discontinuity under modulation arises due to various interaction of liquids with the cavity end walls because of viscosity contrast. The viscosity contrast, on the one hand, is responsible for tangential velocity discontinuity; on the other, it has a significant effect on the threshold of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. It results in decrease of stability threshold and an increase of relief wavelength.
Experimental study of thermal convection in dry air by holographic interferometry method
Authors: Somov S A , Ivanov A S , Goncharov M M , Kondrashov A N
Published: February 2021

The convection of humid and dry air was studied experimentally. The observed fluid convection involves two mechanisms of heat and mass transfer: thermal convection produced by temperature gradient and concentration convection occurred due to the inhomogeneous vapor distributions induced by evaporation and condensation of water. The convection stability of humid air was described in terms of two (thermal and concentration) Rayleigh numbers. Laboratory experiments were performed using holographic interferometry and thermocouple techniques. Experimental holograms were processed numerically in order to calculate the space distribution of the refractive index in relation to temperature and vapor concentration. The results show that the difference between moist convection and dry convection can be measured even in the absence of evaporation and condensation. The experimental interferograms for dry air (intentionally dried up to 4 % relative humidity) are given. The justification of this research requires an additional quantitative comparison with the measurements obtained for humid air (with 100 % relative humidity) undergoing the first-order phase transition of the “gas-liquid” type.
Numerical modeling of the flow of polluted groundwater into the Vyatka River
Authors: Lyubimova T P , Parshakova Ya N
Published: February 2021

In the formation of the hydrochemical regime of water bodies and adjacent territories, a significant role is played by the density stratification effects caused by the heterogeneity of the distribution of mineralization fields. When the concentration of the heavy solute is larger than one ppm under terrestrial conditions, these effects have a great influence on the nature of the flow. Such effects can not be described using hydrodynamic models within the framework of shallow water equations; for their correct description, it is necessary to use hydrodynamic models in a full three-dimensional non-hydrostatic formulation. The present paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the formation of diffuse pollution of the Vyatka River during washing of floodplain water bodies (quarries, lakes) in the region of the Kirovo-Chepetsk industrial complex. The assessment of the scale and intensity of the supply of nitrogen-containing compounds was made. The calculation results form the basis for the development of a number of possible measures aimed at both reducing diffuse runoff and ensuring the standard water quality at the main drinking water intake in Kirov, Russia.
Object-Based land cover classification of the Vu Gia – Thu Bon river basin on the cloud computing platform
Authors: Nghia N V , Thu T TH , Bui B TH Tham Hong Thi , Huong D T , Cuc N T
Published: February 2021

The arrival of cloud computing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) in 2010 has brought a breakthrough for analysing and processing spatial data. Applying algorithms on this platform has overcome the limitations of commercial software while processing data in building thematic databases, including land cover data. These data are a critical factor for climate change and hydrological models. This study applied Object-based Random Forest (RF) classification in the Google Earth Engine platform to produce land cover data from Landsat 8 data of the Vu Gia - Thu Bon river basin. The classification results showed 7 categories of land cover consisting of artificial forest, natural forest, paddy area, urban area, rural area, bare land, and body water, with an overall accuracy Kappa of 0.70.
Effect of protonation on the spectral properties of subphthalocyanine and tripyrazinosubporphyrazine
Authors: Skvortsov I. A , Kovkova U. P , Stuzhin P. A
Published: February 2021

Using well-known methodology perfluorinated sybphthalocyanine (F12
sPcBCl) and hexaphenyltripyrazinosubporphyrazine (Ph6Pyz3sPzBCl) were obtained and further its spectral and base properties have been studied by spectrophotometric titration and fluorescence spectroscopy. By means of spectrophotometric titration sequential protonation of two azomethine bridges was observed with the shifts of the absorption Q bands to 625-665 nm (for F12
sPcBCl), to 584-683 nm and CT (charge transfer) band to 426-453 nm (for Ph6Pyz3sPzBCl). The spectral changes in the electronic absorption spectra of F12sPcBCl observed in an acid medium differ significantly compared to Ph6Pyz3sPzBCl. Protonation of Ph6Pyz3sPzBCl was observed in 0.08-0.35 M solution of trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane, in contrast to F12
sPcBCl for which protonation in dichloromethane was observed at TFA concentration equal to 1.34 M. Bathochromic shift of the Q bands in the emission spectra was indicated for each of the protonated forms of the compounds, accompanied by a decrease in the fluorescence intensity with increasing acidity.
Fast Synthesis of Tetra-Aryl-Substituted Aza-BODIPYs
Authors: Marfin Y. , Merkushev D. , Khalabudin D.
Published: February 2021

This article presents the fast and easy way to synthesize tetra-aryl-substituted aza-BODIPY dyes. The standard synthesis technique in solution was modified by mechanochemical solid-state grinding and minimizing the solvent amount. These approaches substantially reduced reaction time. Obtained dyes showed moderate fluorescence in near-infrared window in biological tissue and may be further used in areas of biological sensing.
Application of nanostructured PVD-coating to increase the service life of metal working tools
Authors: Zhdanov A.V. , Shinakov I.V. , Novikova E.A.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the application of nanostructured TiN/CrN coating for axial cutting tools for metalworking. The technological process of applying this coating, studies of physical, mechanical and tribological characteristics, as well as adhesion and thickness are presented. The results of experiments on metalworking of aluminum alloy and 40X steel for tools with and without coating are presented. The test results showed that TiN/CrN coating increases the durability of cutters by 2.5…2.6 times, drills by 2.1…3.1 times compared to cutting tools made of high-speed steel R6M5 without coating.
Wettability surface control on stainless steel by LIPSS formation
Authors: Khorkov K.S. , Kochuev D.A. , Dzus M.A. , Prokoshev V.G.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, laser-induced periodic structures are obtained on the surface of SS304 stainless steel when treated with femtosecond laser radiation. The dependence of the period of surface structures on the speed and power of laser radiation treatment is revealed. The wetting angle and the dependence of this angle on the processing speed are determined. It is shown that after femtosecond laser treatment, the surface became more hydrophilic.
BODIPY in matrices: brief review
Authors: Bobrov A.V. , Kishalova M.V. , Merkushev D.A. , Marfin Yu.S.
Published: February 2021

Hybrid materails with dipyrrin based luminophores are of major interest in different areas of material chemistry, sensors and photovoltaics. Vast variety of the materials with BODIPY motif were synthesized and investigated up to date. Modern trend in the material chemistry is the aimed functionalization of them by immobilizing in their structure an active components. Based on interactions between matrix and dye we can control spectral and photophysical characteristics of hybrid material for tuning practically valuable properties for specific tasks. Presented paper summarize the results of our research group, working in the field of hybrid materials with BODIPY dyes: synthesis, spectral characteristics evaluation and possibilities of practical application investigation. Discussion is focused on the methods of synthesis of materials and practical application of them as sensors for pH, polarity and in OLED devices.
The effect of legacy pollution information on landowner investments in water quality: lessons from economic experiments in the field and the lab
Authors: Fleming Patrick M , Palm-Forster Leah H , Kelley Lindsey E
Published: February 2021

To address the legacy effects of human activity on water quality, it is helpful to understand how land managers make decisions that directly impact legacy sources of pollutantion generated by previous generations, as opposed to current practices. Using data from an economic field experiment, we examine the effect of information about the cause and relative quantity of streambank erosion on rural landowners’ willingness to invest in stream restoration initiatives. Data from the field is supplemented with data from laboratory sessions in which students are presented with similar decision scenarios. We find that landowners assigned to legacy sediment sites characterized by high erosion rates relative to others in the community increased investment levels by 29%–40% of their budget in comparison to the control, with similar results observed among students. Our results suggest that informational outreach targeted to pollution hot spots, including those created by legacy sources, would significantly increase investments in mitigation efforts that improve water quality.
Social resilience and its scale effects along the historical Tea-Horse Road
Authors: Yang Liang Emlyn , Chen Junxu , Geng Jin , Fang Yiping , Yang Weibing
Published: February 2021

This study adopted an empirical analysis to explore social resilience to major natural disasters along the Tea-Horse Road (THR) in southwest China and to understand why and how the THR and its connected communities maintained and developed over a long period. A set of archive data, literature re-analysis, statistical data, monitoring data, and surveyed materials were collected and qualitatively and quantitatively analysed to support a holistic investigation of disaster impacts and social resilience. The results indicate that (a) natural disasters occurred frequently but were distributed over place and time and had various impacts, which left possibilities for maintaining social development with diverse and specific coping strategies; (b) strong central and local governance continually improved infrastructure and engineering technologies, and collaboration in social networks with local experience and disaster cultures were the major contributing factors that enhanced social resilience at various levels; (c) the THR area demonstrated various features of social resilience to natural disasters in terms of spatial-temporal scales, where the combination of multiple resilience measures enabled the resilience of the entire social system at various places over long time periods. Generally, larger social systems with diverse response capabilities were more resilient than small and individual entities over a long time scale. The study highlights that the THR region withstood frequent natural disasters but maintained a general development of social economy, transportation, and advanced technologies, and performed a positive transformation to a more resilient status. Overall, this paper describes the scale effects of multiple resilience measures along the THR and calls for specific studies on social resilience and transformation of diverse social entities over multiple spatial-temporal scales.
Forest Resource Potential of Cedar in the Far Fast
Authors: Vyvodthsev N V
Published: February 2021

This paper studies the taxation indicators of previously developed standards for evaluating the productivity of Korean pine plantations. Rehabilitation of cedar stands is impossible without growth tables. The analysis shows that the productivity assessment of cedar trees as a renewable resource should be accompanied by working standards, bringing the plantings to a given goal. In other words, the norms should be compiled for a specific purpose, for example, the cultivation of nut plantations. Korean pine is a nut-bearing plant, and it is its most crucial production function for a wide range of consumers, including humans. At the moment, this formation was “not available” due to the overexploitation of raw (wood) resources in the last century. To return it to Russia’s renewable energy system in the next 30 years, it is necessary to review all functions to optimize them at different management levels. The analysis shows that with the help of modern technologies, it is possible to ensure the transition to a significant forest formation in various production areas, taking into account the demand for its products. This main transition elements are a high-quality regulatory framework, its compliance with the real capabilities of the formation, and favorable market conditions for products obtained from this formation. A bet on renewable energy sources will allow the world economy to avoid crisis periods, including those of a socio-ecological nature.
The Quality and Microbiological Stability of Quinoa-enriched Wheat Bread
Authors: Eliseeva L G , Kokorina D S , Zhirkova E V , Smirova S A , Nevskaya E V
Published: February 2021

Quinoa flour has high nutritional qualities and is a promising source of functional food ingredients for baked goods. Quinoa was successfully used for enriching wheat bread by domestic and foreign researchers. However, increasing the concentration of quinoa flour decreases the volume yield of wheat bread. This study ultimately aims to increase the organoleptic and structural indexes and the microbiological stability of bread enriched by 17% quinoa flour and 2% wheat protein isolate. We compared the qualities of bread baked using different traditional methods: direct method, indirect method (sponge and dough), and direct method with lactic acid bacteria starter added (LABs from now onward). Compared to other methods, the LABs method decreased the fermentation time, increased air pocket formation, and shaped stability. The addition of LABs starter to the direct quinoa-enriched bread baking method increased the microbiological stability, decreased the staling speed, and reduced rope spoilage risk.
Analysis of the Population Morbidity Dependence on the Atmosphere State
Authors: Burmatova O P , Sumskaya T V
Published: February 2021

This paper is dedicated to presenting the practical approach proposed by the authors to study the state of atmospheric air and population incidence. The Lesosibirsk industrial unit in the Lower Angara region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Russia) is considered as a territorial object of study. Contaminant objects are coal-fired thermal power plants. Calculations made allowed us to evaluate the quantitative relationships between the incidence of children and the factors influencing it, including territorial climate features (pressure and air temperature) and air pollution. The calculations demonstrate the possibility of increasing incidence in children, provided that a large power station is located and functioning in the Lesosibirsk industrial unit. Emissions from this station can hurt the state of atmospheric air and increase the incidence of people. The authors conclude that it is inexpedient to place a heat power facility of the considered capacity in Lesosibirsk. The research novelty lies in the practical implementation of the proposed methods, which allows us to assess the impact of atmospheric air (temperature, pressure, and pollution) on the population’s health when predicting the formation of a local production system.
Agricultural Landscape Quality as a Key Factor Fostering Environmentally Safe Use of Agricultural Lands in the Arid Steppe of the Altai Region
Authors: Tatarintsev V L , Lisovskaya Yu S , Tatarintsev L M
Published: February 2021

The current economic affairs and land and property matters in Russia, its regions, and settlements require adequate approaches, methods, and mechanisms for managing, planning, and organizing safe and sustainable agricultural land use. Many landowners and land users have significantly diverse and, in some cases, inconsistent interests regarding land resources. Therefore, the new organization of the agricultural land use system should consider the commercial interests of landowners and state priorities related to the sustainable use of land resources, their conservation, and the protection of the entire natural environment based on the qualitative features of contemporary agricultural landscapes. The object of this study, the arid steppe of the Altai Krai, has long been a farming territory of great significance. Within the borders of the dry steppe, nine municipal districts of the region are located. The subject of the study is the quality of agricultural land. The zoning was carried out, considering that the studied area is included in the joint distribution of water and wind erosion. The location of agrarian land considered as the study object, exceeds 1.7 million hectares. More than 1.4 million hectares of them are designated as potentially blown lands, and about 160 thousand hectares are erosion threatening ones. The best part of the arable land surface is subject to soil degradation. Forage lands suffer from the joint occurrence of corrosion. The total number of points calculated based on agricultural land quality indicators significantly differs in municipal districts. Thus, there are different land-use sustainability of economic entities and their environmental safety.
Anthropogenic Transformation of Vegetation and the Effectiveness of its Protection in the System of Protected Natural Territories on the Example of the Altai Krai
Authors: Sokolova G G
Published: February 2021

The plant cover of the Altai Krai experiences significant anthropogenic pressures. The main factors of anthropogenic transformation of ecosystems are land plowing, grazing, haying, felling, recreation, fires, etc. All of them lead to the decreased species diversity, decreased biological productivity, and degradation of biocenoses. Phytoecological mapping of vegetation degradation makes it possible to assess the environmental consequences of anthropogenic activities at local and regional levels. The results of the study can be used to determine and predict the status of biogeocenoses. Ecological monitoring will allow for planning activities for the rational use and protection of natural resources. We have mapped the Altai Krai and identified four territorial complexes with varying degrees of the transformation of vegetation cover – weak, moderate, healthy, and very strong. We assessed the effectiveness of vegetation protection in the system of protected areas. In areas with an extreme degree of transformation, the location of protected areas is 2.6%. The types of landscapes for the creation of protected areas are proposed.
Exports of Vegetable Oils to Asian Markets: Opportunities, Risks, and Prospects
Authors: Butakova M M , Borisova O V , Goryaninskaya O A
Published: February 2021

The paper focuses on the urgent problem caused by changes in the structure of Russian exports in the context of instability and negative dynamics of energy prices. The paper studies Russian exports of the main types of vegetable oils (sunflower, rapeseed, and soybean). The authors analyze the dynamics and product and territorial structures of exports for 2014-2019, relying on domestic and international data. The paper identifies current trends and assesses risks, opportunities, and prospects for domestic exporters. Based on the analysis and review of the secondary literature on the problems of exporting AIC products and trends in world food markets, the authors highlight the main threats for exporters of vegetable oils, focusing on the most capacious Asian markets. The research results may be of interest to the scientific community, students, and graduate students. The results can also be used when assessing export potentials of other member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union, or when making managerial decisions on the structure and direction of exports, as well as on measures to support export activities.
The Impact of Kuzbass Industrial Enterprises on Environmental Safety
Authors: Kotov R M , Formulevich Ya V
Published: February 2021

This study aims to assess the impact of Kuzbass industrial enterprises on the region’s environment, as well as to determine a modern ecological maintenance strategy. The authors reviewed statistical data on the ecology of the Kemerovo region (Russia), analyzing the data dynamically and structurally. Moreover, the authors examined the natural-anthropogenic complexes using sampling observation. The findings show that the leading cause of ecological problems in the Kemerovo region is a high volume of anthropogenic stress per unit of land. Environmental security is crucial to the development of the regional economic, scientific, and investment potential. In conclusion, the authors propose a series of measures aimed at environment conservation and ecological footprint reduction. The authors of the study devised new aspects for the regional environmental policy and defined the term “ecology protection investment.”
The Ecological and Economic Effectiveness of Sunflower Oilseed Production in Russia
Authors: Vorobyov S P , Vorobyova V V
Published: February 2021

The paper focuses on the impact of the specialization of agricultural enterprises on the economic efficiency of producing sunflower oilseeds. The authors analyze the consequences of violating the optimal specific gravity of sunflower seeding in the plowland structure of enterprises. The paper assesses current trends in the world market of sunflower seeds and identifies the place of Russia and its main regions in the gross collection of this agricultural crop. The example of agricultural producers in the Altai Krai shows that the increase in the area of sunflower seeding and the increase in the share of plowland reduced economic efficiency and increased the negative impact of the crop on the soil. The increase in yields is mainly due to the intensification of production when ecological requirements are violated. Little use is made of the reserve for bee pollination of sunflower yields. The disruption of the crop rotation system has resulted in highly specialized enterprises losing more than 20-25% of the gross sunflower seed collection, reducing the return on invested resources. The authors argue that increasing the effectiveness of sunflower cultivation is possible under scientifically based management systems oriented towards organic farming.
The Application of GIS Technologies and Remote Sensing Data to Determine the Morphometric Features of the River Basin: The Case of the Upper Part of the Charysh River
Authors: Ostanin O V , Dyakova G S , Lebedeva A S
Published: February 2021

The paper focuses on the possibilities of using the technology of geographic information systems (GIS-technologies) and data on the Earth remote sensing to determine the morphometric parameters of the river basin on the example of the upper part of the Charysh River (Russia). The authors conclude that a river basin is a holistic natural complex in which all physical parameters are interdependent and have specific features for each basin. Geographic information methods are used to study hydrological objects and in the modeling of drainage basins as natural compound complexes. In combination with GIS technologies, remote sensing methods are convenient for deciphering and assessing the hydrological situation of territories. For the upper part of the Charysh River basin, a complex of morphometric calculations was performed. Based on DEM and satellite images, thematic layers for GIS were built, and the thematic layers were designed as maps.
Wastewater Treatment in the Production of Purified Sodium Bicarbonate to Produce Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Bykovsky N A , Kantor E A , Malkova M A
Published: February 2021

The production of purified sodium bicarbonate is accompanied by the formation of wastewater containing sodium carbonate and bicarbonate. Up to 1.5 m3 of sewage is formed per 1 ton of filtered sodium bicarbonate. Wastewater contains about 23.5 g/l sodium carbonate and about 40.4 g/l sodium bicarbonate. The article presents the results of studies related to the processing of wastewater generated in the production of purified sodium bicarbonate in a membrane electrolyzer with a cation exchange membrane. The wastewater treatment process was carried out at a membrane current density of 30 mA/cm2 to 60 mA/cm2. The research shows that in the process of electrochemical processing of wastewater, sodium carbonate is obtained first, and only then sodium bicarbonate is extracted. At the same time, during the electrolysis, sodium hydroxide is formed. The maximum achieved concentration of sodium hydroxide was 362 g/l. The current efficiency of electrolysis process calculated by changing sodium hydroxide concentration depends on the membrane current density. The maximum current efficiency is observed at a current density of 30 mA/cm2 and equals 64.3%. The specific energy costs of sodium hydroxide producing increases with increasing current density. The minimum energy consumption was 2.2 kWh/kg.
A review: bioactive compounds of macroalgae and their application as functional beverages
Authors: Widyaswari S G , Metusalach  , Kasmiati  , Amir N
Published: February 2021

Macroalgae have the potential of a bioactive compound that can be used as the main ingredient in functional beverages. The content of bioactive compounds in macroalgae such as natural pigments, sulfated polysaccharides, antioxidants have been studied and it is very beneficial for health. Macroalgae, which are used as main ingredient in functional beverage, must be contain bioactive compound that are beneficial for health and also must be free from microbiological and heavy metal contamination. This study aims to determine bioactive compound activity and the potential of macroalgae as the primary raw material in the formulation of functional beverages. Studied on the formulation of functional beverages with macroalgae as raw materials have been carried out in the last few decades. All types of macroalgae have the potential to be used as raw material or main ingredient for functional beverage. The formulation of macroalgae functional beverages with other additives can improve the quality of the final product. The addition of natural scented ingredients and containing bioactive compounds can increase the value of taste and increase the nutritions in functional beverage products.
Screening acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from marine-derived actinomycetes by simple chromatography
Authors: Kamaruddin M , Marzuki I , Burhan A , Ahmad R
Published: February 2021

Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of Acetylcholine [Ach] cholinergic synapses in the central and peripheral nervous systems. As a result, AChE inhibitors promote an increase in the concentration and length of Ach synaptic activity. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs) are currently considered the best therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s patients. The potential sources of the current AChE inhibitors are predominantly plants. However, some of these drugs are known to have disadvantages such as limited half-life or side-effect such as hepatotoxicity. Marine microorganisms are a potential new source of the enzyme inhibitors. Since their rich and diverse metabolites have a wide range of biological activities, one of them is an actinomycetes of special interest in antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to screen AChE inhibitors from marine-derived actinomycetes using a simple method, thin layer chromatography (TLC). In addition, TLC was used for the determination of solvents for adsorption of actinomycetes AchE inhibitors. The results showed that the combination of chloroform/methanol = 80/20 had the best AchE inhibitor separation performance, while the combination of DCM/methanol = 90/10 should be considered if the gradient elution was selected during the separation process.