bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viscous Overstability in Saturn’s Rings: Influence of Collective Self-gravity
Authors: Lehmann Marius , Schmidt Jürgen , Salo Heikki
Published: December 2017

We investigate the influence of collective self-gravity forces on the nonlinear, large-scale evolution of the viscous overstability in Saturn’s rings. We numerically solve the axisymmetric nonlinear hydrodynamic equations in the isothermal and non-isothermal approximation, including radial self-gravity and employing transport coefficients derived by Salo et al. We assume optical depths

to model Saturn’s dense rings. Furthermore, local N-body simulations, incorporating vertical and radial collective self-gravity, are performed. Vertical self-gravity is mimicked through an increased frequency of vertical oscillations, while radial self-gravity is approximated by solving the Poisson equation for an axisymmetric thin disk with a Fourier method. Direct particle–particle forces are omitted, which prevents small-scale gravitational instabilities (self-gravity wakes) from forming, an approximation that allows us to study long radial scales and to compare directly the hydrodynamic model and the N-body simulations. Our isothermal and non-isothermal hydrodynamic model results with vanishing self-gravity compare very well with results of Latter & Ogilvie and Rein & Latter, respectively. In contrast, for rings with radial self-gravity we find that the wavelengths of saturated overstable waves settle close to the frequency minimum of the nonlinear dispersion relation, i.e., close to a state of vanishing group velocities of the waves. Good agreement is found between non-isothermal hydrodynamics and N-body simulations for moderate and strong radial self-gravity, while the largest deviations occur for weak self-gravity. The resulting saturation wavelengths of viscous overstability for moderate and strong self-gravity (

) agree reasonably well with the length scales of axisymmetric periodic microstructure in Saturn’s inner A ring and the B ring, as found by Cassini.
A Sun-to-Earth Analysis of Magnetic Helicity of the 2013 March 17–18 Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Pal Sanchita , Gopalswamy Nat , Nandy Dibyendu , Akiyama Sachiko , Yashiro Seiji , Makela Pertti , Xie Hong
Published: December 2017

We compare the magnetic helicity in the 2013 March 17–18 interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) flux rope at 1 au and in its solar counterpart. The progenitor coronal mass ejection (CME) erupted on 2013 March 15 from NOAA active region 11692 and is associated with an M1.1 flare. We derive the source region reconnection flux using the post-eruption arcade (PEA) method that uses the photospheric magnetogram and the area under the PEA. The geometrical properties of the near-Sun flux rope is obtained by forward-modeling of white-light CME observations. Combining the geometrical properties and the reconnection flux, we extract the magnetic properties of the CME flux rope. We derive the magnetic helicity of the flux rope using its magnetic and geometric properties obtained near the Sun and at 1 au. We use a constant-α force-free cylindrical flux rope model fit to the in situ observations in order to derive the magnetic and geometric information of the 1 au ICME. We find a good correspondence in both amplitude and sign of the helicity between the ICME and the CME, assuming a semi-circular (half torus) ICME flux rope with a length of π au. We find that about 83% of the total flux rope helicity at 1 au is injected by the magnetic reconnection in the low corona. We discuss the effect of assuming flux rope length in the derived value of the magnetic helicity. This study connecting the helicity of magnetic flux ropes through the Sun–Earth system has important implications for the origin of helicity in the interplanetary medium and the topology of ICME flux ropes at 1 au and hence their space weather consequences.
On the Impact Origin of Phobos and Deimos. II. True Polar Wander and Disk Evolution
Authors: Hyodo Ryuki , Rosenblatt Pascal , Genda Hidenori , Charnoz Sébastien
Published: December 2017

Phobos and Deimos are the two small Martian moons, orbiting almost on the equatorial plane of Mars. Recent works have shown that they can accrete within an impact-generated inner dense and outer light disk, and that the same impact potentially forms the Borealis basin, a large northern hemisphere basin on the current Mars. However, there is no a priori reason for the impact to take place close to the north pole (Borealis present location), nor to generate a debris disk in the equatorial plane of Mars (in which Phobos and Deimos orbit). In this paper, we investigate these remaining issues on the giant impact origin of the Martian moons. First, we show that the mass deficit created by the Borealis impact basin induces a global reorientation of the planet to realign its main moment of inertia with the rotation pole (True Polar Wander). This moves the location of the Borealis basin toward its current location. Next, using analytical arguments, we investigate the detailed dynamical evolution of the eccentric inclined disk from the equatorial plane of Mars that is formed by the Martian-moon-forming impact. We find that, as a result of precession of disk particles due to the Martian dynamical flattening J
2 term of its gravity field and particle–particle inelastic collisions, eccentricity and inclination are damped and an inner dense and outer light equatorial circular disk is eventually formed. Our results strengthen the giant impact origin of Phobos and Deimos that can finally be tested by a future sample return mission such as JAXA’s Martian Moons eXploration mission.
Variations between Dust and Gas in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium. III. Changes in Dust Properties
Authors: Reach William T. , Bernard Jean-Philippe , Jarrett Thomas H. , Heiles Carl
Published: December 2017

We study infrared emission of 17 isolated, diffuse clouds with masses of order

to test the hypothesis that grain property variations cause the apparently low gas-to-dust ratios that have been measured in those clouds. Maps of the clouds were constructed from Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data and directly compared with the maps of dust optical depth from Planck. The mid-infrared emission per unit dust optical depth has a significant trend toward lower values at higher optical depths. The trend can be quantitatively explained by the extinction of starlight within the clouds. The relative amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and very small grains traced by WISE, compared with large grains tracked by Planck, are consistent with being constant. The temperature of the large grains significantly decreases for clouds with larger dust optical depth; this trend is partially due to dust property variations, but is primarily due to extinction of starlight. We updated the prediction for molecular hydrogen column density, taking into account variations in dust properties, and find it can explain the observed dust optical depth per unit gas column density. Thus, the low gas-to-dust ratios in the clouds are most likely due to “dark gas” that is molecular hydrogen.
A Universal Transition in Atmospheric Diffusion for Hot Subdwarfs Near 18,000 K∗
Authors: Brown T. M. , Taylor J. M. , Cassisi S. , Sweigart A. V. , Bellini A. , Bedin L. R. , Salaris M. , Renzini A. , Dalessandro E.
Published: December 2017

In the color–magnitude diagrams of globular clusters, when the locus of stars on the horizontal branch extends to hot temperatures, discontinuities are observed at colors corresponding to ∼12,000 and ∼18,000 K. The former is the “Grundahl jump” that is associated with the onset of radiative levitation in the atmospheres of hot subdwarfs. The latter is the “Momany jump” that has remained unexplained. Using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, we have obtained ultraviolet and blue spectroscopy of six hot subdwarfs straddling the Momany jump in the massive globular cluster ω Cen. By comparison to model atmospheres and synthetic spectra, we find that the feature is due primarily to a decrease in atmospheric Fe for stars hotter than the feature, amplified by the temperature dependence of the Fe absorption at these effective temperatures.
Theory and Transport of Nearly Incompressible Magnetohydrodynamics Turbulence. III. Evolution of Power Anistropy in Magnetic Field Fluctuations throughout the Heliosphere
Authors: Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Telloni D. , Hunana P. , Bruno R. , Shiota D.
Published: December 2017

A theoretical model that describes the evolution of the power anisotropy in the energy-containing and inertial ranges throughout the heliosphere is developed for three possibilities: (i) no in situ sources of turbulence; (ii) stream-shear sources of 2D and slab turbulence; and (iii) a fully driven turbulence model that includes both stream-shear driving and a pickup ion source of slab turbulence. At the inner boundary (1 au), we assume that the ratios of the 2D to slab fluctuating magnetic energy variances in the energy-containing range are 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 55:45. For case (i),

in the energy-containing range increases monotonically throughout the heliosphere, whereas the inertial range ratio increases until ∼20 au and then decreases. For case (ii), the energy-containing range ratio increases initially and then remains approximately constant and ordered beyond ∼2 au, according to the inner boundary assumptions. The inertial range ratio for the 80:20 case increases with heliocentric distance, whereas for the 70:30, 60:40, and 55:45 cases, the rations increase between ∼2 to ∼10–20 au, and then generally decrease at larger heliocentric distances. For case (iii), the energy-containing and inertial range ratios increase initially, remain approximately constant and increase slightly, respectively, and then decrease more rapidly between ∼8 and 30 au, and more gradually thereafter, approaching a ratio of ∼1 at 75 au. We present preliminary results that show the power anisotropy in magnetic field fluctuations observed by Ulysses spacecraft increasing with heliocentric distance from ∼1.5 to 4.5 au.
Long-term Photometric Variability in Kepler Full-frame Images: Magnetic Cycles of Sun–like Stars
Authors: Montet Benjamin T. , Tovar Guadalupe , Foreman-Mackey Daniel
Published: December 2017

Photometry from the Kepler mission is optimized to detect small, short-duration signals like planet transits at the expense of long-term trends. This long-term variability can be recovered in photometry from the full-frame images (FFIs), a set of calibration data collected approximately monthly during the Kepler mission. Here we present f3, an open-source package to perform photometry on the Kepler FFIs in order to detect changes in the brightness of stars in the Kepler field of view over long time baselines. We apply this package to a sample of 4000 Sun–like stars with measured rotation periods. We find that ≈10% of these targets have long-term variability in their observed flux. For the majority of targets, we find that the luminosity variations are either correlated or anticorrelated with the short-term variability due to starspots on the stellar surface. We find a transition between anticorrelated (starspot-dominated) variability and correlated (facula-dominated) variability between rotation periods of 15 and 25 days, suggesting the transition between the two modes is complete for stars at the age of the Sun. We also identify a sample of stars with apparently complete cycles, as well as a collection of short-period binaries with extreme photometric variation over the Kepler mission.
The Power of SOFIA/FORCAST in Estimating Internal Luminosities of Low-mass Class 0/I Protostars
Authors: Huard Tracy L. , Terebey Susan
Published: December 2017

With the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) routinely operating science flights, we demonstrate that observations with the Faint Object infraRed CAmera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) can provide reliable estimates of the internal luminosities, L
int, of protostars. We have developed a technique to estimate L
int using a pair of FORCAST filters: one “short-wavelength” filter centered within 19.7–25.3 μm, and one “long-wavelength” filter within 31.5–37.1 μm. These L
int estimates are reliable to within 30%–40% for 67% of protostars and to within a factor of 2.3–2.6 for 99% of protostars. The filter pair comprised of F 25.3 μm and F 37.1 μm achieves the best sensitivity and most constrained results. We evaluate several assumptions that could lead to systematic uncertainties. The OH5 dust opacity matches observational constraints for protostellar environments best, although not perfectly; we find that any improved dust model will have a small impact of 5%–10% on the L
int estimates. For protostellar envelopes, the TSC84 model yields masses that are twice those of the Ulrich model, but we conclude that this mass difference does not significantly impact results at the mid-infrared wavelengths probed by FORCAST. Thus, FORCAST is a powerful instrument for luminosity studies targeting newly discovered protostars or suspected protostars lacking detections longward of 24 μm. Furthermore, with its dynamic range and greater angular resolution, FORCAST may be used to characterize protostars that were either saturated or merged with other sources in previous surveys using the Spitzer Space Telescope or the Herschel Space Observatory.
La thérapie familiale psychanalytique a-t-elle sa place dans le traitement du TDAH ?
Authors: Sourgen Jean-Louis
Published: December 2017

Ce trouble du comportement semblait exclusivement lié à une particularité génétique entraînant un désordre métabolique au niveau des neurotransmetteurs. Cette approche s’accompagne généralement d’un traitement médicamenteux associé à des rééducations multiples. Le déroulement d’une TFP ouvre une autre perspective, montrant que le trouble de l’enfant peut être considéré comme le symptôme d’une souffrance dans le lien. Dans l’exemple décrit le lien mère-enfant est incestuel, ambivalent et marqué d’une emprise réciproque. La TFP, par le mouvement et l’élaboration des constructions défensives que permet le néogroupe, apparaît comme une des meilleures approches possibles, évitant de faire de l’enfant un malade ou de son environnement un coupable ; elle peut être associée à un traitement déjà mis en œuvre.
L’éducation familiale à la citoyenneté : qu’en disent les adolescents ?
Authors: Beaumatin Ania , Fourchard Frédéric , Mieyaa Yoan , Huet-Gueye Marie , Larroze-Marracq Hervé
Published: December 2017

L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier les dimensions à l’œuvre dans la construction de la citoyenneté chez les adolescents français. Plus précisément, le rôle de la famille dans l’éducation à la citoyenneté et sa perception par les adolescents en regard d’autres contextes de socialisation seront étudiés. Trente-deux adolescents de 14 à 15 ans scolarisés en collège ont répondu à un questionnaire sur les représentations de la citoyenneté, l’éducation familiale et les apports des autres milieux de socialisation. Les résultats montrent que la famille est fortement valorisée par les adolescents, notamment sur les valeurs sociales, les règles de comportement et l’engagement. L’école est reconnue comme une source de savoirs sur la citoyenneté, les amis sur les valeurs et le partage, les loisirs sur les règles collectives et les médias sur la culture politique et sociale. L’influence de la famille devrait être approfondie dans de futures recherches en spécifiant le rôle de chacun de ses membres et en analysant le point de vue des parents sur leur rôle d’éducation à la citoyenneté.
Left-Biased Clavicle Length Asymmetry in Children and Young Adults 12 to 25 Years Old
Authors: Kiebzak Gary M. , Brea Cristina , Gonzalez Derek M. , Hosseinzadeh Pooya
Published: December 2017

Management of clavicle fractures depends in part on the magnitude of shortening compared with the contralateral, intact clavicle. However, estimating prefracture length may be complicated by side-to-side asymmetry. The authors retrospectively reviewed chest radiographs using a ruler tool to measure clavicle length in 696 patients 12 to 25 years old. Absolute and relative least significant change values that represented statistically significant true biological differences were 3.54 mm and 2.44%, respectively. Length differences in which the left was greater than the right or the right was greater than the left exceeding the absolute least significant change were found in 35.2% of males and 39.8% of females. Length differences exceeding 5 mm and 10 mm were 19% and 2.6% in males and 22.6% and 0.9% in females, respectively. There was a statistically significant left bias in length difference, with a 2.1-fold and a 1.6-fold greater chance of the left being longer than the right (although usually <5 mm in actual length) in males and females, respectively. The authors concluded that small but significant left-biased length asymmetry prevailed in both sexes. Differences exceeding 10 mm were rare. Contralateral clavicles can be used to estimate prefracture length of presenting fractures with the understanding that small left–right length discrepancy is common. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(1):e104–e109.]
Study of several parameters for the detection of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from articulatory movement
Authors: Carmona Cristina , Gómez Pedro , Ferrer Miguel A. , Plamondon Réjean , Londral Ana
Published: December 2017

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative neuromuscular disease, one of its early symptoms being a progressive difficulty to speak (ALS dysarthria). To improve its diagnosis and monitoring, a new method based on articulatory movement estimation has been developed. As a result, two articulatory movement parameters are presented as well as their relationship with the illness grade.
Comparison of Two Escapement Designs for Western Painted Turtles Captured in Modified Fyke Nets
Authors: Moos Tyrel S. , Blackwell Brian G.
Published: December 2017

Altering sampling methods to reduce bycatch during fish population sampling can introduce biases that affect the capture of target species. Therefore, understanding bycatch reduction devices and how they affect fish sampling is important. Our goal was to test two potential escapement designs intended to reduce bycatch of western painted turtles Chrysemys picta bellii during freshwater-fish population assessments with modified fyke nets. Design A tested an escapement flap on the interior of the modified fyke net and design B tested an escapement throat on the exterior of the modified fyke net. We completed 4-h and 24-h trials for turtle escapement to determine the effectiveness of each design for reducing turtle bycatch. We also simulated fish population assessments to determine the escapement of fish and turtles from each design. Turtles escaped from each design with mean escapement rates during the 4-h and 24-h trials of 71.1% and 63.8% from design A and 55.6% and 50.0% from design B, respectively. In the fish population assessment simulation we observed a mean escapement rate of 49% for turtles from design A, but a mean escapement rate of only 11% from design B. Species-specific escapement rates were observed for fish in both designs. Significant differences in the size structure of some species were observed. Escapement rates from design A were likely underestimated for most species captured due to movement of fish and turtles from the holding pen back into the fyke net. Based on our results, we do not recommend either design to reduce bycatch of turtles during fish community sampling without substantial refinement of the designs. Further research is needed to identify alternative methods for reducing turtle bycatch mortality.
Prevalence and Complications of Postoperative Transfusion for Cervical Fusion Procedures in Spine Surgery: An Analysis of 11,588 Patients from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database
Authors: Aoude Ahmed , Aldebeyan Sultan , Fortin Maryse , Nooh Anas , Jarzem Peter , Ouellet Jean A. , Weber Michael H.
Published: December 2017

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of blood transfusion after cervical fusion surgery, and its effect on complication rates.

Overview of Literature

Cervical spine fusions have gained interest in the literature since these procedures are now ever more frequently being performed in an outpatient setting with few complications.

Methods

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was used to identify patients that underwent cervical fusion from 2010 to 2013. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine postoperative complications associated with transfusion and cervical fusion.

Results

We identified 11,588 patients who had cervical fusion between 2010 and 2013. The rate of blood transfusion following cervical fusion found to be 1.47%. All transfused patients were found to have increased risk of venous thromboembolism (TBE) (odds ratio [OR], 3.19; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.16–8.77), myocardial infarction (MI) (OR, 9.12; 95% CI, 2.53–32.8), increased length of stay (LOS) (OR, 28.03; 95% CI, 14.28–55.01) and mortality (OR, 4.14; 95% CI, 1.44–11.93). Single level fusion had increased risk of TBE (OR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.01–11.33), MI (OR, 10.5; 95% CI, 1.88–59.89), and LOS (OR, 14.79; 95% CI, 8.2–26.67). Multilevel fusion had increased risk of TBE (OR, 5.64; 95% CI, 1.15–27.6), surgical site infection (OR, 16.29; 95% CI, 3.34–79.49), MI (OR, 10.84; 95% CI, 2.01–58.55), LOS (OR, 26.56; 95% CI, 11.8–59.78), and mortality (OR, 10.24; 95% CI, 2.45–42.71). Patients who had anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery and received a transfusion had an increased risk of TBE (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.04–22.82), surgical site infection (OR, 9.73; 95% CI, 2.14–44.1), MI (OR, 9.88; 95% CI, 1.87–52.2), increased LOS of more than 2 days (OR, 28.34; 95% CI, 13.79–58.21) and increase in mortality (OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 1.76–22.48). While, transfused patients who had posterior fusion surgery had increased risk of MI (OR, 10.45; 95% CI, 1.42–77.12) and increased LOS of more than 6 days (OR, 4.42; 95% CI, 2.68–7.29).

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that although cervical fusions can be done as outpatient procedures special precautions and investigations should be done for patients who receive transfusion after cervical fusion. These patients are demonstrated to have higher rate of MI, TBE, wound infection and mortality when compared to those who do not receive transfusion.
Surgical Outcomes of Cervical Myelopathy in Patients with Athetoid Cerebral Palsy: A 5-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Watanabe Kazuyuki , Otani Koji , Nikaido Takuya , Kato Kinshi , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Yabuki Shoji , Kikuchi Shin-ichi , Konno Shin-ichi
Published: December 2017

Study Design

Observational cohort study.

Purpose

To assess the surgical outcomes of posterior decompression and fusion for cervical myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy.

Overview of Literature

Patients with athetoid cerebral palsy demonstrate involuntary movements and develop severe cervical spondylosis with kyphosis. In these patients, surgery is often performed at an early age because of myelopathy. A few studies have reported about the long-term outcomes of surgical treatment; however, they contain insufficient information.

Methods

From 2003 to 2008, 13 patients with cervical myelopathy due to athetoid cerebral palsy underwent posterior fusion surgery and were included in this study. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, neck disability index (NDI), C2–7 angle on radiography, and need for additional surgical treatment were examined at 1 and 5 years postoperatively.

Results

The mean C2–7 angle was −10.5°±21.1° preoperatively and was corrected to −2.9°±13.5° immediately postoperatively. This improvement was maintained for 5 years. The JOA score was 9.5±2.5 preoperatively and 12.2±1.7 at the 5-year follow-up. NDI was 17±6.9 preoperatively and 16±7.5 at the 5-year follow-up. Patient satisfaction with surgery on a 100-point scale was 62.2±22.5 at the 5-year follow-up. Three patients needed additional surgery for loosening of screws. These results demonstrate good surgical outcomes for posterior fusion at 5 years.

Conclusions

Posterior decompression and fusion should be considered a viable option for cervical myelopathy in patients with athetoid cerebral palsy.
Delayed Neurological Deficits after Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: Clinical Outcomes after Surgery
Authors: Yeung Yip-Kan , Ho Sheung-Tung
Published: December 2017

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Purpose

To review the clinical presentation of operated patients with delayed neurological deficits after osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs).

Overview of Literature

Delayed neurological deficits can occur from 1 week to 5.7 months after OVFs. Baba has reported 78% good-to-excellent improvement (i.e., ≥50%) after 20 posterior (Cotrel-Dubousset) and 7 anterior (Kaneda in 4, Zielke ventral derotational spondylodesis in 2, and un-instrumented anterior fusion in 1) fusions. Predictive factors for neurological deficits include burst type, vacuum sign, kyphosis, angular instability, and retropulsion.

Methods

Patients with neurological deficits after OVF who received spinal operations between 2000 and 2016 were included.

Results

Totally, 28 patients with a mean age of 77 years underwent surgery. Neurological deficits occurred at an average of 5.4 weeks after the onset of back pain. The most common site was L1. Burst fracture was present in 14 patients and vacuum sign in seven. Surgery was performed within an average of 3.9 days of the onset of neurological deficit. Baba's score improved significantly from 5.96 to 9.81, with good-to-excellent improvement in 18 (64%) patients. Better outcomes based on Baba's scores (improvement>60% [median]) were associated with compression fractures, preoperative retropulsion of <41%, and correction of >16%. Poor improvement in Baba's scores (<25%) was associated with surgical complications and burst fracture type. Twenty-two patients (79%) regained walking ability, and seven of 15 (47%) patients demonstrated improved sphincter control at the latest follow-up. Six Frankel grade B patients did not achieve neurological recovery, four of whom exhibited postoperative surgical complications and died at 2 years because of medical problems. Implant migration occurred in six patients, albeit this was of no clinical significance.

Conclusions

Although OVFs are commonly considered benign, delayed neurological deficits can occur. The significant improvement in clinical function after surgery for neurological deficits is associated with compression (and not burst) fractures, lack of surgical complications, and optimal restoration of retropulsion.
Safety of Pedicle Screws in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Chan Chris Yin Wei , Kwan Mun Keong
Published: December 2017

To review existing publications on the safety of pedicle screw insertions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Despite having increased risk for neurological and visceral injuries, the use of pedicle screws have led to increased correction rates in scoliosis surgery. A review was performed on topics pertinent to pedicle screw insertion in AIS, which included pedicle morphometry in AIS, structures at risk during pedicle screw insertion, and accuracy and safety of various pedicle screw insertion techniques. The importance of computer navigation and future research regarding pedicle screw placement in AIS were also briefly reviewed. Many authors have reported abnormal pedicle anatomy in AIS. Injury to the neural structures was highest over the apical region, whereas aortic injury was the highest at T5 and T10. In the proximal thoracic spine, the esophagus could be injured even with screws as short as 25 mm. Overall pedicle perforation rates for perforations >0 and >2 mm (assessed by computed tomography) ranged from 6.4% to 65.0% and 3.7% to 29.9%, respectively. The critical pedicle perforation (>2 mm excluding lateral thoracic) and anterior perforation (>0 mm) rates was reported to range from 1.5% to 14.5% and 0.0% to 16.1%, respectively. Pedicle perforation rates were lower with the use of computer navigation. The incidence of neurological adverse events after scoliosis surgery was 0.06%–1.9%. Aortic injury has only been observed in case reports. According to the available literature, pedicle screw insertion in AIS is considered safe with low rates of clinical adverse events. Moreover, the use of navigation technology has been shown to reduce pedicle perforation rates.
Clock Gene Period in the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Stroppa María M. , Gimenez Ignacio , García Beatriz A.
Published: December 2017

To contribute to a better understanding of the molecular bases of the circadian biological rhythms in Chagas disease vectors, in this work we identified functional domains in the sequences of the clock protein PERIOD (PER) in Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans and analyzed the expression of the PER gene at mRNA level in T. infestans. The PER protein sequences comparison among these species and those from other insects revealed that the most similar regions are the PAS domains and the most variable is the COOH-terminal. On the other hand, the per gene expression in nervous tissue of adult T. infestans varies with a daily canonical rhythm in groups of individuals maintained under photoperiod (light/dark, LD) and constant dark (DD), showing a significant peak of expression at sunset. The pattern of expression detected in LD persists under the DD condition. As expected, in the group maintained in constant light (LL), no daily increase was detected in per transcript level. Besides, the presence of per transcript in different tissues of adult individuals and in nervous tissue of nymphs evidenced activity of peripheral clocks in adults and activity of the central clock in nymphs of T. infestans.
Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infections among Children in Egypt
Authors: Sainato Rebecca , ElGendy Atef , Poly Frédéric , Kuroiwa Janelle , Guerry Patricia , Riddle Mark S. , Porter Chad K.
Published: December 2017

Campylobacter is a frequently isolated bacterial pathogen among children with diarrhea. Data are lacking on the distribution and spectrum of disease associated with Campylobacter species and Campylobacter jejuni capsular polysaccharide (CPS) types. This information is essential because current vaccine research seeks to target specific CPS types. An effective CPS-conjugate vaccine will need to cover CPS types that are both common and associated with severe disease. The US Naval Medical Research Unit-3 conducted several prospective cohort studies researching diarrheal disease in Egypt from 1995 to 2003. In total, 1,057 children were enrolled and followed to a maximum age of 36 months. We analyzed Campylobacter-positive stool samples that were collected while subjects were symptomatic, along with corresponding clinical data. Of 441 Campylobacter isolates, 322 represented primary infections (189 C. jejuni, 127 Campylobacter coli, six unspeciated). There were 19 C. jejuni CPS types identified; eight accounted for 63.5% of primary C. jejuni infections. We also screened for the presence of the type-6 secretion system (T6SS), a putative virulence determinant. The T6SS was found in 18.0% of C. coli isolates and 57.6% of C. jejuni isolates (P < 0.001), and was not uniformly distributed among CPS types (P < 0.001). Strains with the T6SS were not associated with more severe disease. Clinical presentations across species and CPS types appeared similar. This study adds to the growing epidemiological data and also provides some analysis of the clinical spectrum associated with infection by specific Campylobacter species, C. jejuni capsule types, and possible virulence determinants.
Enteroparasites in Preschool Children on the Pacific Region of Nicaragua
Authors: Muñoz-Antoli Carla , Gozalbo Mónica , Pavón Aleyda , Pérez Paloma , Toledo Rafael , Esteban Jose-Guillermo
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to determine for the first time the prevalence of enteroparasites in preschool children originating from the seven departments of the Pacific region in Nicaragua. One stool sample of each of 1,217 children, from 6 months to 5 years of age, was collected and personal data were recorded on delivery of the container. Samples fixed in 10% formalin were processed by a formol-acetate concentration and a modified Ziehl–Neelsen technique. The overall prevalence of enteroparasite infections was 68.2% with a total of at least 20 species. Blastocystis hominis (45.5%), Giardia intestinalis (31.7%), Trichuris trichiura (8.2%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.2%) were the most prevalent protozoa and helminth species in the total study as well as in all departments. Protozoan prevalence presented a statistically significant difference by gender (male: 69.6%; female: 46.7%; P < 0.001), and males presented a higher T. trichiura infection rate than females (male: 9.9%; female 6.4%; P < 0.035). Protozoan prevalence increased with age with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Helminths were always more prevalent in urban areas (P < 0.0002). Protozoan infections result statistically higher than helminth infections so that water-based transmission could be suspected. Based on the differences with respect to species and parasite prevalence between the seven departments in the Pacific region of Nicaragua, the exploration of local factors associated with the transmission of enteroparasites should also be considered to reduce infection.
Interrogating Nollywood and its Sources of Funding: The Case of Invasion 1897
Authors: Ojieson Silver A.
Published: December 2017

The problem of funding continues to haunt start-ups in Africa and there seems to be no respite in sight as the government and other institutions with the requisite capacity to support entrepreneurial efforts are not committed to the course. Given this set back, Nigeria's Nollywood is encumbered by the problem of accessing sustainable funding sources for a vibrant entertainment and hospitality business where funding, which catalyses the efforts of independent producers, is hard to come by. In this way, inadequacy of internal funds by owners of independent production outfits leaves them constrained and unable to express their ideas to the fullest in terms of artistic dynamism and technical verve. Whilst debt funding and equity are other sources of funding available to production outfits, in the case of Nollywood where personal transactions are preferred instead of contracts and corporate entities limit the extent of professional dedication and commitment to each film project. Grounding this article on the pecking order theory, funding sources are interrogated by evaluating Invasion 1897 and Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen's recourse to funding sources through the interview method. The article submits that sustainable sources of funding are obviously lacking on the Nollywood scape, making it difficult for indigenous producers to carry out their prospects of filmmaking. To forestall a breakdown of production apparatuses, the independent producers and corporate film outfits are encouraged to forge a synergy both within and outside the shores of Nigeria for greater productivity.Keywords: Funding sources, Nollywood, Productions, Informal economy,
An Examination of the Festival Motif in Femi Osofisan's Morountodun
Authors: Aihevba Peter , Atere Isaac
Published: December 2017

This article examines the African traditional theatre which is interwoven into the daily life of the African. It affirms that festival theatre flourished in Africa in the distant past and has become the bedrock of modern theatrical productions on the African continent. The opulent and robust performance ethos of traditional theatre has continued to provide resources for contemporary African dramatists. It is in this context that we closely look at how Femi Osofisan assertively leans on the aesthetic apparatus of the African traditional theatre to create Morountodun. In Morountodun, the rich elements of the traditional theatre are used as motif(s) to create a vintage and delightful play, which is very aesthetic and scintillating, yet possesses a strong and radical socialist message.Keywords: Festival motif, Morountodun, Dance, Music, Traditional theatre, Femi Osofisan
Women in Leadership and Musical Authority in the Celestial Church of Christ
Authors: Faseun Femi , Bello Abayomi O.
Published: December 2017

Gender study is a multi-disciplinary phenomenon just as gender imbalance and inequality cut across all facets of human life. The academic searchlight has beamed on gender studies in many aspects of human endeavours but with little or no attention on musical and administrative authority in the Christendom. Socio-culturally, Nigeria is male-dominated and this situation plays itself out even in Christianity. The study looked closely at the activities of women in Celestial Church of Christ (An African indigenous church), with a view to determining their involvement in music and music making leadership in the church. Data for the study is were collected through oral interview and participant observation. Key informants, drawn from selected church leaders, male and female choristers were interviewed. The findings revealed that the role of women in African culture as supporters of men rather than leaders also reflect in the activities of the Celestial Church of Christ. Only in exceptional cases are women (who demonstrate noticeable talent in singing) are allowed to lead praise songs. Men are always in charge of musical activities such as playing of musical instruments, choir and song leadership etc. It was noted that the cultural background and orientation of the churches and their leadership go a long way in determining the balance between culture and religion.Keywords: Women, Leadership, Musical authority, Independent church, CCC
Development, Underdevelopment and Poverty: A Linguistic Study of Joseph Edoki's The African Dream
Authors: Omo-Ojugo Grace I.
Published: December 2017

Historically, European countries: Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, among others, partitioned Africa at the Berlin Conference of 1884/1885. They colonized the continent for over a century before the countries gained independence, resulting from protest led by educated Africans who saw how their European colonialists exploited and bastardized the socio-cultural values of Africans. The exploitation of Africa was so obvious that a Guyanese activist, Rodney Walter, wrote a text entitled How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (1972) to historically situate its massiveness and set an agenda for Africa's future. However, after independence, the expectation of most African countries have been dashed because of corrupt leadership, selfishness and lack of a philosophical focus, unlike the Asian Tigers such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Indian and South Korea which had their independence almost at the same time with many African countries. It is not surprising, therefore, that several coup de' tats have occurred in many African countries after independence and unbridled corruption, ethnic jingoism and selfishness have mainly been responsible for the underdevelopment, poverty and misery on the African continent. This unfortunate state of affairs has provoked African writers, who have written novels, plays and poems, to expose the moral decadence and corruption in African countries, with a view to refocus the development agenda for the common good of Africans. Among such works is, Joseph Edoki's The African Dream, which is pre-occupied with corruption and abuse of office by political leaders in Nigeria in particular and Africa generally. Employing content analysis and historical approach, this article examines how Edoki's text utilizes linguistic features to describe and expose some of the social vices plaguing Africa. Keywords: Africa, Development, Poverty, Socio-cultural structure, Politician, African society
Costumes in Igogo Masquerade Theatre of the Ekiti People
Authors: Bakare Lilian Eguriase
Published: December 2017

This article analyses costume materials and designs as well as signs, symbols and their meanings in the masquerade theatre of the Igogo community in Ekiti State, Nigeria. This became necessary because of the need to make this indigenous art of the people relevant to their contemporary existence and realities by bridging the knowledge gap and invalidate the error of perception which causes a neglecting of this noble heritage and sellable entertainment commodity by the younger generations of Igogo people, especially the formally educated elite. Deploying the key informant interview (KII), semiotic analysis and direct observation methods, the study highlights and discusses the socio-aesthetic attributes of Igogo masquerade theatre, with particular reference to the costumes and their socio-historical as well as entertainment and tourism potentiality.Keywords: Costumes, Igogo masquerade theatre, Ekiti people, Semiotic analysis, Nigeria
Hope Eghagha and the New Counter-Discourse in Death, Not a Redeemer
Authors: Akwang Etop
Published: December 2017

This article identifies an inward rupture in the practice of counterdiscourse amongst African writers and critics. It reveals how a range of credos embedded in African literature, including drama and theatre, such as negritude, African personality, pan-Africanism, etc., and originated by African writers/literati, to both contest and reverse imperialism's depressing rhetoric against African civilization, now attains the locus of power and, co-instantaneously, conferred a certain hegemony which privileges pristine African values above all other alternate apprehensions of the universe in contemporary Africa. Drawing from content analysis as its research method, this article derives its theoretical foundations from the New Counter-Discourse, itself, an offshoot of Counter-Discourse, which assumes the moral gait of a faction that interrogates, from within Africa, the unwholesome perpetuation of African values as the dominant ideology in the activity of cultural production rather than situating them in a network or continuum of equitable or mutually accommodating discourses. The primary sources of information are derivable from Hope Eghagha's Death, Not a Redeemer and Wole Soyinka's Death and the King's Horseman while its secondary sources are critical analyses of both theories and texts gleaned from the library.Keywords: Hope Eghagha, New Counter-Discourse, Wole Soyinka, Death, Not a Redeemer
Folkism and Modern Nigerian Theatre: A Study of Sam Ukala's Iredi War
Authors: Eregare Emmanuel A.
Published: December 2017

Ever since the advent of the modern Nigerian drama and theatre there has been the search for an authentic African form of drama, one which can bridge the divide between the oral performances of traditional African theatre and literary drama of the western mould. Wole Soyinka, Ola Rotimi, Femi Osofisan, Biodun Jeyifo and many other African theorists and writers have tried to proffer solutions to hat seeming large problem. Consequently, several theories and dramatic formats have emerged. One of such theories is Folkism formulated by Sam Ukala. This article joins in the search by looking at Sam Ukala's Folkism to see whether it adequately solves the problem. It looks at the theory and how best it could be staged. Using the folk script Iredi War as a model, the paper deploys content analysis and participant observation methods to argue that the model is a landmark development in modern African theatre. Hence, it posits that with constant application all the shortcomings would be overcome and the answer to a truly African theatre would have been found.Keywords: Folkism, Folktale, African/Nigerian theatre, Sam Ukala,Iredi War
Repositorio de actividades para enseñar competencias transversales
Authors: Miró Joe , Jaume i Capó Antoni
Published: December 2017

Una competencia es genérica si no está directamente relacionada con los conocimientos de la carrera en la que se imparte, pero se considera importante para la educación del alumnado. Suelen recibir el nombre de competencias transversales porque no tienen una asignatura propia, sino que se adquieren a lo largo de las otras asignaturas. El problema principal es que desconocemos cómo enseñar estas competencias y cómo integrarlas en nuestra docencia. Una forma de resolver esta dificultad es con el esfuerzo colaborativo de todos los profesores: casi todos tenemos alguna experiencia o hemos trabajado alguna de estas competencias en clase.

Para facilitar la inclusión y evaluación de competencias transversales en la docencia, hemos creado un repositorio de actividades que pueden usarse en asignaturas concretas. Este repositorio permite que los profesores con más experiencia compartan con los menos experimentados las actividades que han creado para impartir comunicación oral y escrita, trabajo en equipo, uso de idiomas extranjeros, etc. Accediendo al repositorio cualquier profesor encontrará actividades concretas que se ajusten a su asignatura, método docente y circunstancias. Algunas las podrán utilizar directamente, otras requerirán pequeñas adaptaciones. Este repositorio permite que con poco esfuerzo cualquier profesor pueda introducir competencias transversales en su docencia. 
La Evaluación del Practicum de Pedagogía en el proceso de transición de la Licenciatura al Grado.
Authors: Pérez Herrero María del Henar , Burguera Condon Joaquín Lorenzo
Published: December 2017

En este artículo se presentan los resultados más relevantes de la evaluación realizada durante seis años académicos de diversos aspectos del Practicum de quinto curso, Practicum II de la Licenciatura de Pedagogía de la Universidad de Oviedo. Los datos obtenidos proceden fundamentalmente de la información obtenida de una muestra de 207 estudiantes de Practicum II de Pedagogía. La finalidad del estudio es contar con evidencias válidas y fiables sobre la experiencia en el Practicum de la licenciatura y recuperar esa experiencia para planificar el Practicum o  las materias relacionadas con el Practicum del Grado de Pedagogía. Para ello, se han planteado los siguientes objetivos: 1) Conocer la valoración general de los estudiantes del Practicum de 5º curso de Pedagogía, 2) Obtener información de los estudiantes sobre diferentes aspectos del Practicum II: organización, apoyo de los tutores, utilidad de los talleres de reflexión, y coordinación centros-Facultad, etc. Los estudiantes han respondido a un cuestionario de ocho preguntas de respuesta abierta y un ítem en forma de escala de valoración, acerca de su experiencia en el Practicum. En el cuestionario se ha solicitado a los estudiantes que valoraran los aspectos organizativos, de gestión y coordinación,  nivel adquirido en las competencias previstas, y que plantearan propuestas de mejora. En general, los resultados globales obtenidos de las valoraciones de los estudiantes se pueden considerar muy satisfactorios. La mayoría de los estudiantes, 68,59% valoran el Practicum con una puntuación alta o muy alta, un 20,77% le otorga una valoración media y sólo un 3,86% lo valoran con una puntuación baja y muy baja.

 

 