bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Deep Learning Methods for Word Segmentation of Scripta Continua Texts in Old French and Latin
Authors: Clérice Thibault
Published: June 2021

Tokenization of modern and old Western European languages seems to be fairly simple, as it stands on the presence mostly of markers such as spaces and punctuation. However, when dealing with old sources like manuscripts written in scripta continua, antiquity epigraphy or Middle Age manuscripts, (1) such markers are mostly absent, (2) spelling variation and rich morphology make dictionary based approaches difficult. Applying convolutional encoding to characters followed by linear categorization to word-boundary or in-word-sequence is shown to be effective at tokenizing such inputs. Additionally, the software is released with a simple interface for tokenizing a corpus or generating a training set.
How to visualize high-dimensional data: a roadmap
Authors: Moisl Hermann
Published: June 2021

Discovery of the chronological or geographical distribution of collections of historical text can be more reliable when based on multivariate rather than on univariate data because multivariate data provide a more complete description. Where the data are high-dimensional, however, their complexity can defy analysis using traditional philological methods. The first step in dealing with such data is to visualize it using graphical methods in order to identify any latent structure. If found, such structure facilitates formulation of hypotheses which can be tested using a range of mathematical and statistical methods. Where, however, the dimensionality is greater than 3, direct graphical investigation is impossible. The present discussion presents a roadmap of how this obstacle can be overcome, and is in three main parts: the first part presents some fundamental data concepts, the second describes an example corpus and a high-dimensional data set derived from it, and the third outlines two approaches to visualization of that data set: dimensionality reduction and cluster analysis.
Digitising Collections of Historical Linguistic Data: The Example of The Linguistic Atlas of Scotland
Authors: Hessle Christian , Kirk John
Published: June 2021

This article addresses the issue of variation in the lexicon-specifically the hyponymy (or synonymy) among onomasiological responses for the same concept or referent-and how the range of responses from a national elicitation in Scotland seeking 'local' words should be judged. How do responses being offered as 'local' square with their geographical distribution on the one hand, and their status as 'Scots' or 'English', or as 'dialect' or 'standard' on the other? How are 'dialect' or 'standard' responses offered as 'local' responses from the same individual to be considered? Is the issue that of a straightforward dialect-standard binary opposition, or is there a third value between the two? Does that third value encompass a middle ground between dialect and standard, or include both? How is the absence of responses to be regarded? For elucidation of such linguistic issues, the article invokes the mathematical principle of the excluded middle. This study shows that it is possible and necessary to establish a theoretical framework for the digitalisation of a historical data collection. The data for these reflections come from the lexical material in The Linguistic Atlas of Scotland ([Mather and Speitel, 1975]; [1977]), which is currently being digitised at the University of Vienna. This study presents three pilot studies from the North Mid Scots area: the atlas concepts of 'ankle', 'splinter' and 'the youngest of a brood or litter'. The original data are re-analysed in terms of lexical types or 'lexemes', and the results are digitally generated by new dot maps, with separate gestations for respondent age and gender. In the process, topological issues (such as those pertaining to the data) and topographical issues (such as those pertaining to geography and the physical terrain) are addressed.
Visualizing the development of prose styles in Horse Manuals from Early Modern English to Present-Day English
Authors: Lubbers Thijs , Los Bettelou
Published: June 2021

This paper offers a data-driven analysis of the development of English prose styles in a single genre (instructive writing) dealing with a single topic (the correct way of feeding a horse) in 13 texts with publication dates ranging between 1565 to 2009. The texts are subjected to three investigations that offer visualizations of the findings: (i) a correspondence analysis of POS-tag trigrams; (ii) an association plot analysis; (iii) hierarchical clustering (dendrograms). As the period selected – Early Modern English to Present-Day English – does not involve any major changes in English syntax, we expect to find developments that are predominantly stylistic.
Deep Learning for Period Classification of Historical Hebrew Texts
Authors: Liebeskind Chaya , Liebeskind Shmuel
Published: June 2021

In this study, we address the interesting task of classifying historical texts by their assumed period of writ-ing. This task is useful in digital humanity studies where many texts have unidentified publication dates.For years, the typical approach for temporal text classification was supervised using machine-learningalgorithms. These algorithms require careful feature engineering and considerable domain expertise todesign a feature extractor to transform the raw text into a feature vector from which the classifier couldlearn to classify any unseen valid input. Recently, deep learning has produced extremely promising re-sults for various tasks in natural language processing (NLP). The primary advantage of deep learning isthat human engineers did not design the feature layers, but the features were extrapolated from data witha general-purpose learning procedure. We investigated deep learning models for period classification ofhistorical texts. We compared three common models: paragraph vectors, convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN), and conventional machine-learning methods. We demon-strate that the CNN and RNN models outperformed the paragraph vector model and the conventionalsupervised machine-learning algorithms. In addition, we constructed word embeddings for each timeperiod and analyzed semantic changes of word meanings over time.
A Collaborative Ecosystem for Digital Coptic Studies
Authors: Schroeder Caroline T. , Zeldes Amir
Published: June 2021

Scholarship on underresourced languages bring with them a variety of
challenges which make access to the full spectrum of source materials and their
evaluation difficult. For Coptic in particular, large scale analyses and any
kind of quantitative work become difficult due to the fragmentation of
manuscripts, the highly fusional nature of an incorporational morphology, and
the complications of dealing with influences from Hellenistic era Greek, among
other concerns. Many of these challenges, however, can be addressed using
Digital Humanities tools and standards. In this paper, we outline some of the
latest developments in Coptic Scriptorium, a DH project dedicated to bringing
Coptic resources online in uniform, machine readable, and openly available
formats. Collaborative web-based tools create online 'virtual departments' in
which scholars dispersed sparsely across the globe can collaborate, and natural
language processing tools counterbalance the scarcity of trained editors by
enabling machine processing of Coptic text to produce searchable, annotated
corpora.
Exploring Regional Development of Digital Humanities Research: A Case Study for Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kuang-hua , Hsueh Bi-Shin
Published: June 2021

This study analyzed references and source papers of the Proceedings of
2009-2012 International Conference of Digital Archives and Digital Humanities
(DADH), which was held annually in Taiwan. A total of 59 sources and 1,104
references were investigated, based on descriptive analysis and subject
analysis of library practices on cataloguing. Preliminary results showed
historical materials, events, bureaucracies, and people of Taiwan and China in
the Qing Dynasty were the major subjects in the tempo-spatial dimensions. The
subject-date figure depicted a long-low head and short-high tail curve, which
demonstrated both characteristics of research of humanities and application of
technology in digital humanities. The dates of publication of the references
spanned over 360 years, which shows a long time span in research materials. A
majority of the papers (61.41%) were single-authored, which is in line with the
common research practice in the humanities. Books published by general
publishers were the major type of references, and this was the same as that of
established humanities research. The next step of this study will focus on the
comparison of characteristics of both sources and references of international
journals with those reported in this article.
Plague Dot Text: Text mining and annotation of outbreak reports of the Third Plague Pandemic (1894-1952)
Authors: Casey Arlene , Bennett Mike , Tobin Richard , Grover Claire , Walker Iona , Engelmann Lukas , Alex Beatrice
Published: June 2021

The design of models that govern diseases in population is commonly built on
information and data gathered from past outbreaks. However, epidemic outbreaks
are never captured in statistical data alone but are communicated by
narratives, supported by empirical observations. Outbreak reports discuss
correlations between populations, locations and the disease to infer insights
into causes, vectors and potential interventions. The problem with these
narratives is usually the lack of consistent structure or strong conventions,
which prohibit their formal analysis in larger corpora. Our interdisciplinary
research investigates more than 100 reports from the third plague pandemic
(1894-1952) evaluating ways of building a corpus to extract and structure this
narrative information through text mining and manual annotation. In this paper
we discuss the progress of our ongoing exploratory project, how we enhance
optical character recognition (OCR) methods to improve text capture, our
approach to structure the narratives and identify relevant entities in the
reports. The structured corpus is made available via Solr enabling search and
analysis across the whole collection for future research dedicated, for
example, to the identification of concepts. We show preliminary visualisations
of the characteristics of causation and differences with respect to gender as a
result of syntactic-category-dependent corpus statistics. Our goal is to
develop structured accounts of some of the most significant concepts that were
used to understand the epidemiology of the third plague pandemic around the
globe. The corpus enables researchers to analyse the reports collectively
allowing for deep insights into the global epidemiological consideration of
plague in the early twentieth century.
How to read the 52.000 pages of the British Journal of Psychiatry? A collaborative approach to source exploration
Authors: Andersen Eva , Biryukov Maria , Kalyakin Roman , Wieneke Lars
Published: June 2021

Historians are confronted with an overabundance of sources that require new perspectives and tools to make use of large-scale corpora. Based on a use case from the history of psychiatry this paper describes the work of an interdisciplinary team to tackle these challenges by combining different NLP tools with new visual interfaces that foster the exploration of the corpus. The paper highlights several research challenges in the preparation and processing of the corpus and sketches new insights for historical research that were gathered due to the use of the tools.
Corpus and Models for Lemmatisation and POS-tagging of Classical French Theatre
Authors: Camps Jean-Baptiste , Gabay Simon , Fièvre Paul , Clérice Thibault , Cafiero Florian
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the process of building an annotated corpus and training
models for classical French literature, with a focus on theatre, and
particularly comedies in verse. It was originally developed as a preliminary
step to the stylometric analyses presented in Cafiero and Camps [2019]. The use
of a recent lemmatiser based on neural networks and a CRF tagger allows to
achieve accuracies beyond the current state-of-the art on the in-domain test,
and proves to be robust during out-of-domain tests, i.e.up to 20th c.novels.
Spoken word corpus and dictionary definition for an African language
Authors: Nganga Wanjiku , Achebe Ikechukwu
Published: June 2021

The preservation of languages is critical to maintaining and strengthening the cultures and identities of communities, and this is especially true for under-resourced languages with a predominantly oral culture. Most African languages have a relatively short literary past, and as such the task of dictionary making cannot rely on textual corpora as has been the standard practice in lexicography. This paper emphasizes the significance of the spoken word and the oral tradition as repositories of vocabulary, and argues that spoken word corpora greatly outweigh the value of printed texts for lexicography. We describe a methodology for creating a digital dialectal dictionary for the Igbo language from such a spoken word corpus. We also highlight the language technology tools and resources that have been created to support the transcription of thousands of hours of Igbo speech and the subsequent compilation of these transcriptions into an XML-encoded textual corpus of Igbo dialects. The methodology described in this paper can serve as a blueprint that can be adopted for other under-resourced languages that have predominantly oral cultures.
ANÁLISE DA ROTULAGEM DE LEITE EM PÓ INTEGRAL EM RELAÇÃO AOS CRITÉRIOS EXIGIDOS PELAS LEGISLAÇÕES VIGENTES
Authors:   Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil., Mazocco Caroline Aparecida , Facchini Julie ,   Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil., Fassina Patricia ,   Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
Published: June 2021

O Brasil está entre os principais países produtores de leite do mundo. Com o passar dos anos, além da comercialização do leite fluído, a tecnologia conseguiu transformar o líquido em pó através de um processo de evaporação e dessecação que mantém o seu valor nutricional e impede o crescimento de microrganismos deteriorantes e patogênicos. O rótulo do leite em pó, assim como todos os alimentos embalados, deve conter informações obrigatórias que as legislações específicas exigem para manter a comunicação e a segurança alimentar e nutricional do consumidor. O presente estudo objetivou analisar a rotulagem de leite em pó integral produzidos no Vale do Taquari-RS e comercializados em supermercados de uma cidade da região a fim de comparar com os critérios exigidos pelas legislações em vigor. Para a escolha dos produtos foram definidos dois parâmetros, sendo eles embalagem de 400g e leite em pó do tipo integral por ter maior disponibilidade nos mercados visitados. Foram analisados os rótulos tanto para os critérios de rotulagem geral quanto para aqueles de rotulagem nutricional, tendo como base as legislações vigentes que regulamentam a rotulagem de alimentos no Brasil, sendo elas a RDC nº 259/2002, RDC nº 359/2003 e RDC nº 360/2003. Verificou-se que em todos os quesitos avaliados os rótulos estavam em conformidade com as legislações brasileiras vigentes. Ainda, foi possível demonstrar que as indústrias desta região estão seguindo corretamente as normas e especificações que a legislações brasileiras vigentes impõem quanto aos critérios de rotulagem de alimentos.
Analysis Of Occupational Therapy’s Role to Promote Healthy Sleep Participation to Support Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors:   , Roman Sophia
Published: June 2021

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face sleep disturbances. Healthy sleep habits are essential for children with ASD and their caregivers to properly engage in their everyday lives. Occupational therapists are trained to evaluate clients in areas that contribute to sleep dysfunction and to focus on promoting optimal sleep performance. There is limited research on caregivers’ perceptions of their child’s sleep disturbances, these disturbances’ influence on occupational engagement, and whether occupational therapists have collaborated with caregivers of children with ASD to treat this area of occupation. Collecting data from caregivers by using a questionnaire can provide occupational therapy (OT) practitioners the emphasis on healthy sleep habits to promote healthy occupational engagement for children with ASD. This project was pursued to see if all research questions relating to sleep, occupational therapy, and occupational engagement were answered. Although rest and sleep are part of the OT practice framework, there is not enough literature to describe roles and caregivers’ perceptions to determine evidence for sleep interventions in children with ASD. This study will benefit caregivers to express their perceptions on how OT manages sleep difficulties to increase their children’s occupational engagement. The benefit of having more sleep resources available for these families can also assist caregiver stresses. The questionnaire results suggested that there is a relationship between age of child and sleep disturbance, there is a relationship between a caregiver expressing concerns about their child’s sleep problems with their occupational therapist and receiving services to address sleep during the OT intervention, there is a relationship between a caregiver expressing concerns about their child’s sleep problems with their occupational therapist and receiving services to address sleep during the OT evaluation, and there is a relationship between sleep disturbances and occupational engagement. The findings from this quantitative study support an increased role for OT practitioners to address sleep in the initial evaluation and treatment sessions.
Análisis de indicadores de aprendizaje organizacional: implicaciones en la mejora del instrumento de investigación
Authors: Mesinas Cortés Cesar , Mancinas González Abelardo , Quijano Vega Gil Arturo
Published: June 2021

La importancia de medir el aprendizaje organizacional en MiPyMes radica en la identificación de capacidades dinámicas distintivas, las cuales impactan en los niveles de innovación y competitividad. Al tratar de lograr esta actividad hemos identificado que el instrumento de investigación no siempre se ajustaba a la teoría. Por ello, el objetivo que se persigue es demostrar el grado de ajuste de los datos observados, a través de la implementación de dos cuestionarios, a un modelo hipotetizado de aprendizaje organizacional que pretende contestar ¿En qué medida la medición del aprendizaje organizacional en MiPyMes del sector alimentario de Hermosillo, Sonora, impacta los niveles de innovación y competitividad? Los resultados encontrados demuestran que usando el método de ecuaciones estructurales, existen altos niveles de KMO, de alfa de Cronbach, y mediana correlación. Esto como resultado de haber aumentado y reordenado, de acuerdo al modelo original, los ítems en el segundo cuestionario, así como haber aumentado el número de empresas encuestadas. En conclusión, las mejoras en el instrumento de investigación, dio como resultado tener mejor evidencia de haber identificado a las MiPyMes que han logrado aprendizajes organizacionales significativos impactando sus procesos de innovación y competitividad.
Male Consumers and their Decision Making Styles- A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Mishra Bidhu Bhusan , Mishra Bidhu Bhusan , Mishra Bidhu Bhusan
Published: June 2021

This paper intends to explore how male consumers make their buying decision-making. It encapsulates a review of past researches that have been undertaken over so many years in this field. It connotes an answer that male shoppers are more utilitarian, instrumental shoppers looking for functional benefits of products. Though past researches somehow project male consumers to be less involved in shopping, less recreational, less information-seeking and less impulsive, yet they are reported to be highly time-energy conserving, brand conscious and also quality seekers. There are mixed findings regarding the decision-making styles of novelty fashion consciousness, confusion due to over choice, brand loyalty and value for money consciousness. This study is an important piece of information for retailers who face dilemma about the choice of strategy to be adopted while targeting male shoppers in the complex retailing scenario.
Assessment of Spatial Distribution of Waste Bins in Karachi Through GIS Techniques
Authors: Afsar Sheeba , Afzal Ambreen , Lahori Altaf Hussain , Kausar Anila
Published: June 2021

Karachi has been facing various issues of municipal solid waste management. In the early 1960s, Karachi was the centre of leisure, now it has stretched out due to its increasing population. However, due to insufficient facilities and ineffective strategies, issues related to waste management are also increasing. For the problems related to waste management, the fundamental units available are municipal trash bins. In this study, 409 GPS point data of collection points of waste have been assembled from various areas of Karachi for assessment of the spatial distribution of waste bins. A spatial variation of distance between the trash bins is also identified through ArcGIS 10.3.1 cartography tool of generalization, which aggregates the points of trash bins by making polygon shape of the same distance. Globally, Geospatial techniques are used for changing the system of waste management. This is the first study that assessed the suitable distance of bins placement in the area under focus. The results revealed that there are no principles acquired by the government for the placement of trash bins with appropriate distance. In many towns of Karachi like Landhi and Korangi, bins are absent which impels people to throw their trash anywhere in the city
Appraisal of Water Quality Measurements for Canal and Tube Well Water Systems for Agriculture Irrigation in Rechna Doab, Pakistan
Authors: Noreen Mubarra , Younes Isma
Published: June 2021

The present study was an attempt to assess the surface and ground water quality for irrigation suitability in Rechna Doab. Irrigation water quality at canals and tube well water were analyzed by physicochemical parameters including pH, Electric Conductivity (EC), important cations such as Calcium (Ca2+) Magnesium (Mg2+), Potassium (K+), Sodium (Na+), important anions such as Chloride (Cl-), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), three heavy metals including Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu). Twelve water samples were collected from the main canals (Lower Gogera canal, Jhang branch canal and Rakh branch canal) while fifty water samples were collected from the tube wells. Statistically, data were analyzed by generating correlation coefficients. Canal water quality parameters i.e. Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Sodium Percentage (Na %), Kelly Ratio (KR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Bicarbonate (RSBC), Permeability Index (PI) and Potential Salinity (PS) with their mean values 0.16,38.18, 8.03, 0.08, 10.17, 0.08, 28.34 and 0.024 respectively were calculated. Piper and Durov diagrammatic representations provided the suitability of the canal water regarding ionic composition. Results revealed that the status of the canal water was fit for agriculture. On the contrary, the data about Electric Conductivity (EC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) of tube well water (with their maximum values 4.80, 29.65 and 13.60, respectively) was exceeding the FAO limits owing of sodium hazards. Thus, the scenario of groundwater is alarming due to unfit status of tube well water regarding irrigation purposes. Out of total 50 water samples of tube wells, 11 samples were found to be fit. While 39 samples were unfit for crop irrigation. Geo-statistical analysis was performed by using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) technique created in Arc map.
Alternative and sustainable control of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that causes white mold in soybeans
Authors: da Silva Sergio E. Lemos , Bratifich Kimberlly Soares Brito , Santos eloisa Teresa Corradini
Published: June 2021

The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes the White Mold of soybean, being responsible for losses of up to 100% in agricultural production. The objective of this work was to verify and analyze the effect of the raw aqueous extract (EBA) of ginger Zingiber officinalis on a strain of Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum isolated from soybean, cultivated and maintained in vitro in laboratory. The methodology consisted of a longitudinal study of the statistical analysis of the mycelial growth velocity index (MICV), after treatment of the mycelia with different concentrations of aqueous crude extract. The results showed a direct relationship between increasing concentration of EBA and a significant negative effect on the growth of scleroderia. It was possible to conclude that the antifungal activity of ginger EBA was able to inhibit the in vitro growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with potential protection of soybean crops; it can become a sustainable alternative in the control of this fungus, by decreasing the use of agrochemicals that cause damage to public health and environmental damage.
Test, Track and Treat the Devil in the Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Harugop Anilkumar , Havaldar Rajesh Radhakrishna , Padmavathy O , Ramanan Reshma
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Complications of rhinosinusitis result from progression of acute fungal or bacterial rhinosinusitis beyond the paranasal sinuses, potentially causing significant morbidity from either local or distant spread.
Case Report
A 45year old male patient presented with left sided headache since 8 days, left sided facial pain and swelling since 4 days which rapidly progressed to have pre-maxillay pus pointing and cellulitis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) was planned and intraoperatively inferior turbinectomy and maxillary clearance through the necrosed inferior turbinate was performed.
Discussion
The management of acute fungal rhinosinusitis is surgical debridement by doing FESS. This case report highlights that it may not be the case always. The treatment in the form of maxillary clearance and debridement of necrosed area need to be tailor made according to the disease and involvement as suggested on radiological imaging.
Understanding and Analyzing Prescribing and Prescription Errors in Outpatient Setting of a Medical College Hospital ENT Department
Authors: Sanji Rajiv Ranganath , V Narendranath , Channegowda Chandrakiran
Published: June 2021

Introduction
A medication error is a failure in the treatment process that leads to, or has the potential to lead to, harm to the patient. In the hospital OPD, errors can occur in deciding on the medication to be prescribed (prescribing error) or in writing the prescription (prescription error).
Materials and Methods
We analyzed 100 prescriptions and case sheets in the OPD of ENT department in a tertiary medical college hospital for a period of one week for errors and assessed the perceptions and attitudes of the residents of the department using a questionnaire.
Result
Several prescription writing errors were found, primarily failure to document non pharmaceutical patient advice and use of generic names. Four prescribing errors were noticed which did not need urgent intervention.
Discussion
Failure modes and effects analysis was done to rank the failures modes; and causes for failure were elucidated using Ishikawa Diagram. Recommendations for preventing errors were made based on these results.
Conclusion
This study illustrates the use of management techniques to identify errors and formulate appropriate preventive responses. Such techniques should be a part of ongoing departmental management; and they provide insights into improving resident training in an ENT residency program.
Melioidosis – A Rare Cause of Neck Abscess in Immunocompromised
Authors: V G Nayana , S saimanohar , Raveendra Dr.Nandini , Rai Sheetal , P Preethishree
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a saprophytic bacterium found in soil and water. Though multiple abscesses are a common presentation of melioidosis, isolated neck abscess due to B. pseudomallei is extremely rare and it is more prevalent in immunocompromised people.
Case Report
A young woman with uncontrolled Type II diabetes presented with neck abscess. Abscess was drained and culture showed Burkholderia pseudomallei. Appropriate treatment was given, including 3 weeks of parenteral antibiotics and 3 months of oral prophylactic antibiotics to prevent relapses. Patient responded well to treatment.
Discussion
Increased awareness of opportunistic infections like melioidosis is essential in the present era as diabetes is emerging as a global pandemic. It clinically resembles tubercular neck abscess. Strong clinical suspicion, early intervention and long term antibiotics can cure the disease completely without relapse.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenoma and its Management
Authors: Singh Sanajeet , Roy Ravi , Chandankhede Vaibhav A , Goyal Sunil , Sridhar M S , Gupta D K
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Over the past few decades endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal (ETNTS) approach has been practised for excision of pituitary tumours which has minimised the rate of complications and morbidity. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak remains a frequent complication requiring efficient management. Various skull-base repair techniques have been described in the literature all along, but there is no universal protocol for the same. Our study aims to determine an ideal strategy for skull-base repair following ETNTS surgery and suggest a protocol at the tertiary centre for the same.
Materials and Methods
In this prospective study, patients with pituitary adenoma undergoing ETNTS excision from January 2017 to May 2019 were included. Data were collected based on the intraoperative findings of grade of CSF leak following excision, surgical method for skull-base repair, biomaterials used, and recurrence of CSF leak postoperatively and its management.
Results
A total of 141 patients between 10 to 74 years of age (mean age 42.6) underwent ETNTS excision of pituitary adenoma. Intraoperative CSF leak was observed in 30.5% patients with 14.1% of grade I, 8.5% of grade II and 7.8% of grade III and repair was done with fat closure, multilayer closure and with naso-septal flap, respectively. Postoperative recurrence of CSF leak was found in 2.83% of total cases and 9.3% of patient with intraoperative leak, which were managed appropriately. Overall closure rate was 100% with no further recurrence of CSF leak.
Conclusion
Surgical repair of skull-base in CSF leak is challenging and requires management in careful and graded fashion for favourable outcome.
Excellency of Converse Scalping Forehead Flap for Reconstruction of External Nasal Soft-Tissue Defects
Authors: Chaudhuri Gaurab Ranjan
Published: June 2021

Introduction

 

Reconstruction of external nasal defects poses a challenge for the plastic surgeons. The scalping forehead flap, first described by Converse in 1942 is a versatile technique for subtotal and total external nasal reconstruction. The flap is extremely reliable with robust vascularity and provides excellent colour and texture match for the external nose with minimal donor-site morbidity.

 

Materials and Methods

In this series, eleven patients with external nasal soft-tissue defects (post traumatic and post excisional) were reconstructed with scalping forehead flap; among them four presented with congenital naevus, three with post-traumatic external nasal defect, two presented with basal cell carcinoma, and two with arterio-venous malformation. The age of the patients ranged between 24 and 67 years; eight male and three female patients were included in this study. Among them three had comorbidities like diabetes mellitus and/ hypertension.

Results

All the flaps survived nicely. I didn’t face any complication in any of my patients. The external nasal defects were reconstructed with scalping forehead flap in two stages with an interval of three weeks in between.

Conclusion

The Converse scalping forehead flap is an excellent option in the armamentarium of plastic surgeons for subtotal and total nasal reconstruction because of its reliability, vascularity, and simplicity even in the era of microvascular free tissue transfer.
Companies convicted of economic crimes and their participation in government tender processes in South Africa: A comment on Namasthethu electrical (PTY) LTD v City of Cape Town and another (201/19) [2020] ZASCA 74 (29 JUNE 2020)
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira
Published: June 2021

In South Africa, persons or companies convicted of fraud or corruption or companies whose directors have been convicted are debarred from participating in bidding for government tenders. Although it is easy to establish whether or not a natural person has been convicted of an offence, because a certificate can be obtained from the South African Police Service to that effect, it is the opposite with juristic persons. This issue came up in the case of Namasthethu Electrical (Pty) Ltd v City of Cape Town and Another in which the appellant company was awarded a government tender although the company and its former director had been convicted of fraud and corruption. The purpose of this article is to analyse this judgment and show the challenges that the government is faced with when dealing with companies that have been convicted of offences that bid for government tenders. Because South Africa is in the process of enacting public procurement legislation, the Public Procurement Bill was published for comment in early 2020. One of the issues addressed in the Bill relates to debarring bidders who have been convicted of some offences from bidding for government tenders. Based on the facts of this case and legislation from other African countries, the author suggests ways in which the provisions of the Bill could be strengthened to address this issue.
Book Review: Jurisprudence: Theory and context 8 ed by Brian Bix, London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2019
Authors: Kwaw Edmund Ato
Published: June 2021

None
Labour Productivity Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Malaysian Industry Level Panel Data by Labour Skills Composition
Authors: Mohamad Yunus Norhanishah
Published: June 2021

This study adds to the literature by examining both technology and knowledge spillover effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) according to skill composition and also by country spillovers in Malaysian medium-high industry, which raises the question of the real benefits produced by both spillovers that Malaysia can reap from the presence of FDI in enhancing the labour productivity. Using the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) estimator to estimate labour productivity function by skill composition, the results reported that the presence of Japanese, Singaporean and the United States MNCs are statistically significant in influencing the productivity of high and medium-skilled workers from both technology and knowledge spillover effects during the period of 2000 to 2018. Conversely, the analysis indicated that both Chinese and Taiwanese MNCs significantly increase the low-skilled labour productivity. An interesting finding was discovered, that the negative association between knowledge spillovers and labour productivity across the skills draws the attention for the role of local firms as recipients of FDIs depends not only on their absorptive capacity but also on their strategic decisions regarding search direction and motivational disposition to absorb external knowledge. These issues need to be investigated further to understand how local firms may increase their chances of benefitting from MNC presence.
Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi Ke Atas Sikap Guru Terhadap Perubahan Dalam Pendidikan Abad Ke-21
Authors: Duman Mejran , Taat Muhamad Suhaimi , Abdullah Mohd Khairuddin
Published: June 2021

Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pengaruh iklim organisasi ke atas sikap guru terhadap perubahan dalam pendidikan abad ke-21 dalam kalangan guru sekolah menengah di negeri Sabah, Malaysia. Kajian bukan eksperimental ini menggunakan kaedah tinjauan dan beberapa teknik pensampelan kebarangkalian telah digabungkan untuk mendapatkan sampel. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan satu set borang soal selidik adaptasi yang ditadbir ke atas 440 orang guru. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan iklim organisasi dan sikap guru terhadap perubahan dalam pendidikan abad ke-21 diamalkan pada tahap tinggi. Keputusan ujian ANOVA sehala menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan iklim organisasi dan sikap guru terhadap perubahan dalam pendidikan abad ke-21 berdasarkan pengalaman mengajar. Sementara itu, analisis regresi berganda pula menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan iklim organisasi ke atas sikap guru terhadap perubahan dalam pendidikan abad ke-21. Dapatan menunjukkan sumbangan keseluruhan yang diramal oleh iklim organisasi ke atas sikap guru terhadap perubahan dalam pendidikan abad ke-21 adalah sebanyak 32.9 peratus. Implikasi dan cadangan kajian lanjut turut dibincangkan.
Internet Architecture: Current Limitations Leading Towards Future Internet Architecture
Authors: Victor- Ikoh Maudlyn I. , Kabari﻿ Ledisi G.
Published: June 2021

The original internet design principle was guided by the end-to-end principle in the early 1980s and formed the foundation for the existing internet architectural model. The priorities of the original internet designers do not match the needs of today actual users; rise in new players, demanding applications, erosion of trust and rights and responsibilities is pushing the internet to a new dimension. This paper presents the goals and principles behind the design of the original internet architecture, the resulting issues and limitations of the existing network architecture and the approaches that is driving the future internet architecture.
Application of geo-spatial technologies in soil suitability assessment for village level crop planning in Chittaurgarh, Rajasthan
Authors: SINGH RAMESHWAR
Published: June 2021

The agro-eco-sub region (AESR) 4.2 encompasses Aravalli foot hills, central Rajasthan plains and adjoining areas. Visual interpretation of geo-coded satellite data (IRS-P6, LISS IV MX) on the same scale was done before starting the field work. Based on the interpretative units a high intensity detailed soil survey was carried out in cluster of ten villages of Bhadesar tehsil of Chittaurgarh district on cadastral map (1:4000 scale) and the soils were characterized with respect to landforms. In all, 14 soil series were established and assessed for soil site suitability for maize, wheat, mustard and soybean. Daulatpura-c series soils are suitable for maize, mustard, soybean, and Daulatpura-d soils for soybean and moderately suitable for other crops. Soils of Bagund and Narbadiya-a series are moderately suitable for maize and marginally suitable for other crops. The soils of Bhadsoda-b series are marginally suitable only for mustard but moderately suitable for all other crops. Soils of Parliya series are moderately suitable only for mustard crop and marginally suitable for remaining crops. The soils of Guda series are marginally suitable for maize, wheat, mustard but not suitable for soybean. The soils of Nardhari-a and Nardhari-b are moderately suitable, Daulatpura-b, Bhadsoda-a and Narbadiya-b are marginally suitable whereas soils of Madanpura and Daulatpura are not suitable for all the crops due to limitations of shallow soil depth.
ESTRESSE OCUPACIONAL DOS SERVIDORES TÉCNICO-ADMINISTRATIVOS EM EDUCAÇÃO DE UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO FEDERAL DOS VALES DO JEQUITINHONHA E MUCURI UTILIZANDO O MODELO DEMANDA-CONTROLE
Authors: Sampaio Junior Marcos Flavio de Souza , Silva Vivianne Mara Ferreira , Morais Harriman Aley
Published: June 2021

O estresse ocupacional é um fator que é discutido dentro das organizações devido ao impacto na saúde dos trabalhadores. Conhecer as características laborais que acarretam em fatores estressores nas instituições públicas é importante para que se promova a qualidade de vida no trabalho. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o estresse laboral utilizando como ferramenta a versão resumida da “job stress scale” concatenando aos aspectos sociodemográficos, comportamentais e laborais. Os indivíduos que compuseram a amostra foram 211 servidores Técnico-Administrativos da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), cujos dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de questionário. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando estatísticas descritiva e inferencial com análises univariadas e multivariadas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que 34,6% dos respondentes se enquadraram em Trabalho Passivo e 30,8% em Alto Desgaste. Foi possível identificar os fatores previsores dos quadrantes demanda-controle com resultado significativo no quadrante trabalho passivo para os cargos aux./assistente administração e intenção de rotatividade com razão de chances (OR) 3,767 e 6,482 respectivamente e para o quadrante alto desgaste os cargos aux./assistente administração com OR 4,143 e intenção de rotatividade com OR 4,084. O estudo recomenda possíveis intervenções para os cargos auxiliar/assistente administração assim como indica que devem ser feitos novos estudos para identificar as causas do alto índice de intenção de rotatividade.
BALANÇO HÍDRICO ATUAL E FUTURO PARA A CULTURA DO ALGODÃO EM AMPARO DE SÃO FRANCISCO-SE.
Authors: Vieira de Franca Manoel , Medeiros Raimundo Mainar de , Morant de Holanda Romildo , Saboya Luciano Marcelo Fallé , Rolim Neto Fernando Cartaxo , Pereira Marcia Liana Freire , Araújo Wagner Rodolfo de
Published: June 2021

A aplicação do cálculo do Balanço Hídrico é uma ferramenta de auxílio ao planejamento agropecuário o qual permite definir as características do regime climático de uma localidade. Objetiva-se realizar o computo do balanço hídrico climatológico (BHC) segundo a metodologia desenvolvida por Thornthwaite (1948); Thornthwaite e Mather (1953) para a área de Amparo de São Francisco - Sergipe, Brasil que localiza-se na região nordeste do Estado de Sergipe com dados atuais e futuros mediante o cenário de mudança climática A2 proposta pelo IPCC. Utilizou-se de dados de precipitações mensais e anuais fornecidos pela Superintendência de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (SUDENE, 1990) e da Empresa de Desenvolvimento Agropecuário de Sergipe (EMDAGRO - SE, 2021) entre 1964 a 2020. Os dados de temperatura foram estimados pelo programa computacional estima – T corresponde ao mesmo intervalo de tempo dos dados pluviais. A série futura dos dados com trinta anos (2070-2099) foram realizadas pelas projeções futuras do cenário A2 do modelo de circulação global HadCM3 (IPCC – Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas).
SERVIÇOS ECOSSISTÊMICOS DE ÁGUAS LÓTICAS E OS POSSIBILISMOS AMBIENTAIS PARA O USO SOCIAL DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS. SOB A LEITURA DA ETNOECODESIGN
Authors: Sena Paulo Sergio de
Published: June 2021

O saber ambiental humano que se estabelece com a relação entre os grupos sociais culturais com os ecossistemas é capaz de transformar os recursos naturais em produtos e serviços possíveis de serem utilizados para a subsistência cotidiana e a manutenção das culturas das diversas sociedades, com bens materiais e imateriais. Os ambientes hídricos lóticos possibilitam serviços e produtos ambientais: consumo de água, microclima local, alimentos, nutrientes para agricultura, mobilidade, energia, paisagem (estético) e lazer que necessitam ser classificados quanto ao tipo de serviço e produto - regulação, suporte, produção e cultural para que se possa pensar numa sustentabilidade possível que responda as questões de expressão cultura local, conectividade entre os humanos e os ecossistemas e os possíveis agravos que as culturas podem gerar em ecossistemas. O objetivo é testar uma ferramenta de etnoecodesign para avaliar os serviços ambientais. Quando ao Material e Métodos recorreu-se à metodologia para Ecodesign de Back (1983) que contempla aspectos do desenvolvimento sustentável como sistematização para leitura de sistemas e subsistemas.  Este trabalho mostrou que a conectividade humano e ecossistema ficou prejudicado pela intensa expressão cultural e seus agravos ao ambiente lótico, contribuindo para criar não lugares antropológicos.
THE DEGREE OF EFFECTIVENESS ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT BY SECONDARY SCHOOL PRINCIPALS IN THE NORTHERN REGION WITHIN THE GREEN-LINE
Authors: ZAID Jamal S.
Published: June 2021

The study aimed to reveal the degree of effectiveness of the organizational conflict management among secondary school principals in the Triangle area within the Green Line from the point of view of the teachers. The study adopted the using the descriptive survey method, the school community is made up of all secondary school teachers (2177) in the Triangle area within the green line. the sample of the study was (372) teachers, who were chosen by the simple random sampling. The study results showed that the degree of organizational conflict management among secondary school principals was high. The results showed also that the most used conflict strategy was cooperation strategy, followed by settlement, withdrawal, competition and avoidance strategies. There are significant differences at the organizational conflict management degree among secondary school principals du the variables of "academic qualification" at the compromise strategy and cooperation strategy in "Bachelor" only. Depending on the study results, the researcher recommends that the need to work to increase the knowledge and awareness of secondary school principals of conflict management strategies in general, and to urge them to use cooperation and settlement strategies in particular, and to avoid competition and avoidance strategies, through holding meetings and training courses. Paying attention to conflict situations and researching their causes, following the positive strategy best suited to the situation and making use of it in strengthening relationships, belonging and improving performance.
PEDAGOGICAL ENGINEERING FOR TEACHING ARABIC FOR EARLY CHILDHOOD -THE LEXICON AS A MODEL-
Authors: MONSEF Fatima Az Zahra
Published: June 2021

The importance of the research project lies in the formation of the child during the pre-school stage by transforming him into the following mental stages in the development process, through the guiding function of the language, and the development of his logical thinking during the age stage between4-6 years, by enriching his linguistic outcome, and the formation of concepts, And the diversification of levels of linguistic knowledge within the environment to which the child belongs. The linguistic lexical project has educational and cultural goals, child’s tongue, accompanied by some information related to their pronunciation, drawing, derivation with their synonyms, opposites, uses and employment. Therefore, we discussed during this research project an explanation of the pedagogical background controlling the manufacture of this dictionary, from external characteristics at the level of from, and internal to the level of content, in addition to the principles, conditions and standards that should de, as follows: basic principles: 1. Simplicity 2. The functional dimension is words used in daily life that help the child to cope 3. Helping to continue the processes of mental development, sensory, motor, emotional. 4. Proximity to the child’s surroundings and environment A moong the conditions for compositing this dictionary is the development of contemporary scientific and artistic terms. To be characterized by clarity, comprehensiveness and arrangement, symbols, to be descriptive and analytical in the arrangement of its vocabulary, styles, and sentences