bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parenting Behaviors as Mediators of the Association Between Parental Internalizing Symptoms and Child Externalizing Symptoms
Authors: Klemp Marie-Theres , Dose Christina , Hautmann Christopher , Jendreizik Lea T. , Mühlenmeister Judith , Plück Julia , Wähnke Laura , Döpfner Manfred
Published: October 2022

This study analyzes whether the association between parental internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress) and child symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is mediated by positive and negative parenting behaviors. Cross-sectional data of 420 parents of children (age 6–12 years) with elevated levels of externalizing symptoms were collected in a randomized controlled trial. Measures included parent ratings of their internalizing symptoms and parenting behaviors and of their child’s externalizing symptoms. Two mediation models were examined, one including ADHD symptoms and one including ODD symptoms as the dependent variable. Parental internalizing symptoms were modeled as the independent variable and positive and negative parenting behaviors were modeled as parallel mediators. Regression analyses support negative parenting behavior as a mediator of the association between parental internalizing symptoms and child ODD symptoms. For the ADHD model, no significant mediator could be found. Future studies should use prospective designs and consider reciprocal associations.
Leveraging global recombinant capabilities for green technologies: the role of ethnic diversity in MNEs’ dynamics
Authors: Marino Alba , Quatraro Francesco
Published: October 2022

The growing environmental pressure and the parallel policy push on eco-innovations are making the generation of green technologies more and more profitable, given the expansion of existing markets and the creation of new ones. MNEs may show a competitive advantage in this context because of their global knowledge sourcing strategies that increase heterogeneity and variety in firms’ innovation processes. We accordingly argue that the inventors’ teams involving higher ethnic diversity are more likely to successfully generate green inventions due to their idiosyncratic experiences and diversified knowledge bases. We rely on USPTO data from an ethnic patenting database covering US-based MNEs from 1980–2009. We find that R&D teams featured by higher levels of ethnic diversity among the US-based inventors correlate with a higher probability of green patenting, but the relationship follows a non-linear pattern. Also, ethnic diversity is found to moderate the effect of recombinant capabilities on the generation of new green technologies. Our results bring implications for the strategic management of inventors’ teams by multinationals willing to run the green patent race and policymakers facing the climate change challenges.
Corporate social irresponsibility and stakeholders’ support: evidence from a case study
Authors: Mocciaro Li Destri Arabella , Minà Anna , Picone Pasquale Massimo
Published: October 2022

Stakeholders’ decisions regarding whether to continue to support a firm after it has been perceived as culpable for socially irresponsible behaviour is “coin of the realm” in selecting which firms (or which parts of a firm) will be able to survive a corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) scandal. Our empirical setting is an embedded polar case of audience support, the Parmalat case, following a severe CSI scandal. The scandal represented a “trigger event” that ignited an active reevaluation of the firm on behalf of its stakeholders. We show that, while the firm’s cognitive legitimacy was not harmed by the CSI scandal, two dimensions of legitimacy played a key role in stakeholder evaluations: moral and pragmatic legitimacy. The capacity to manage the interplay between these two dimensions emerged as a key factor underlying stakeholders' support. Finally, we argue that if pragmatic legitimacy is feeble it is unlikely that the firm is able to maintain stakeholders' support. Our study suggests that possessing a sound source of competitive advantage in one (or more) of the businesses in which the firm operates is decisive to maintain the support of independent stakeholders following CSI scandal.
Plumbing metaphysical explanatory depth
Authors: Emmerson Nicholas
Published: October 2022

Recent years have seen increasing interest in interventionist analyses of metaphysical explanation. One area where interventionism traditionally shines, is in providing an account of explanatory depth; the sense in which explanation comes in degrees. However, the literature on metaphysical explanation has left the notion depth almost entirely unexplored. In this paper I shall attempt to rectify this oversight by motivating an interventionist analysis of metaphysical explanatory depth (MED), in terms of the range of interventions under which a metaphysically explanatory generalization remains invariant. After elucidating the notion through a toy-example, I demonstrate the important work which MED can perform in characterizing debate within contemporary metaphysics. Focusing upon rival approaches to explaining the identity and distinctness of concrete objects, I argue that the progress achieved in this debate can be characterized in terms of increasing explanatory depth. Having made an initial case for the utility of MED, I then turn this analysis to the metaphysics of explanation itself. By adopting an interventionist framework with respect to MED, I will show that we can assess the depth of competing theories of explanation. This application has two interesting results: first, it suggests that an interventionist analysis of explanation provides deeper explanations of the connection between explanans and explanandum than rival accounts; and second, it suggests that explanations provided by interventionism become deeper still, if one accepts that this methodology ranges over metaphysical, as well as causal, instances.
Knowledge structures of scientific production on COVID-19 in the sphere of education: the case of publications indexed in the Web of Science during 2020
Authors: Rodríguez-Sabiote Clemente , Úbeda-Sánchez Álvaro Manuel , Lorenzo-Quiles Oswaldo , Álvarez-Rodríguez José
Published: October 2022

This study seeks to explore the different knowledge structures in the sphere of educational research into COVID-19 during 2020. Using bibliometric methods, analysis was performed of a sample of 308 scientific articles retrieved from the Web of Science database. Using different data analysis techniques combining co-occurrence analysis, co-citation analysis and factorial analysis, All Keywords and Keywords Plus were used to achieve the main research objective: identification of the main themes and trends of production in the sphere of educational research into COVID-19. The main findings of this study in terms of the conceptual structure show that analysis of the centrality and density of the thematic trends points to a generalised structural change in the entire educational system towards methodological teaching–learning procedures oriented towards distance education. As for the intellectual structure, among the host of authors and sources of information involved only a select few have a greater influence on the scientific community. Finally, in terms of social structure, there is limited collaboration between authors and institutions from different countries. However, this collaboration is more intense within countries themselves and in terms of their own production, with the USA being the country with the strongest links.
Transfer of metacognitive skills in self-regulated learning: effects on strategy application and content knowledge acquisition
Authors: Stebner Ferdinand , Schuster Corinna , Weber Xenia-Lea , Greiff Samuel , Leutner Detlev , Wirth Joachim
Published: October 2022

Metacognitive skills are often considered domain-general, therefore they have the potential to transfer across domains, subjects, and tasks. However, transfer of metacognitive skills seldomly occurs spontaneously. Schuster et al., (2020) showed that training can have beneficial effects on spontaneous near and far transfer of metacognitive skills. However, evidence of metacognitive skill transfer resulting in superior acquisition of content knowledge is pending. In the present study we set out to extend prior findings by investigating whether students benefit from training metacognitive skills not only regarding metacognitive skill application but also regarding content knowledge acquisition in learning tasks of different transfer distances. 243 fifth-grade students were randomly assigned to three different conditions for the first 15 weeks of a school year: two hybrid metacognitive skill training conditions (metacognitive skills and one out of two cognitive strategies) and one non-hybrid training condition (cognitive strategies or motivation regulation only). For the second 15 weeks of the school year, all students received non-hybrid training involving a new cognitive strategy. Spontaneous metacognitive skill transfer of different transfer distances (near and far) was tested after the first and after the second 15 weeks of training. The effect of hybrid metacognitive skill training on the acquisition of content knowledge was measured once directly after the first 15 weeks. Results show that hybrid metacognitive skill training supported spontaneous transfer of metacognitive skills to learning scenarios of both near and far transfer distance. However, hybrid metacognitive skill training only had a positive effect on content knowledge acquisition if metacognitive skill transfer was near.
‘Identified as gay’—Making up queer communities and sexual selves in Mumbai
Authors: Strauss Annika
Published: October 2022

Queer persons’ narratives tend to be silenced, ignored or overheard in clinical everyday life and medical education. This article takes the narrative and story of Ajay, a psychiatric in-patient, as a pathway into learning about Mumbai’s queer landscape and about how local identity categories are socially constructed. Ajay seems to embody a contradictory sexual orientation and gender identity from a Western psychological perspective: He loves to ‘have gay sex’ but also ‘feels female’ and adopted a feminine habitus and female roles in certain social contexts. Because of the latter, he was diagnosed with ‘Gender Identity Disorder’ by the ward psychiatrist. Psychiatric diagnosis contributes to sickness identity, individual and collective, and at the same time it fuels identities that move and rebel against biomedical categories. The article takes up Ian Hackings’ concept of ‘making up people’, which depicts how the humanities create new classifications and knowledge, how people embody and perform these categories as social meanings and thereby manage issues of a vulnerable self and identity. By diverse examples from South Asia and beyond the author illustrates that ‘gender’ and ‘sexuality’ are not self-evident experiences but rather socio-cultural tools that extract certain information and feelings from the everyday stream of life before the purposes of making meaning about, and representing, ourselves and others.
Grain size and sintering temperatures effects on the mechanical properties of ZnO nanoparticle-based varistor ceramics
Authors: Sendi Rabab
Published: October 2022

The grain size impact on the behavior of ZnO–Bi2O3–Mn2O3 varistors was determined in this study. Samples with different sintering temperatures and times were prepared via traditional ceramic methodology, and their properties were described. Results exhibited that various temperatures and times of the sintering process had considerable effects on the varistors. In particular, the growth of ZnO grains was improved at a minimal-temperature sintering process of 900 °C for 1 h. Significant solid-state reaction even at lower sintering temperatures perhaps caused the surface characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles. Vickers indentation analyses were applied to define the fracture toughness and hardness of the samples. Hardness diminished with the growth of ZnO grain. Fracture toughness did not exhibit any change with the increase in grain size (~ 5.1 MPam0.5) up to 1.6 μm for WZ-V and 3.5 μm 20Z-V. Above these grain sizes, a spontaneous conversion from hexagonal to monoclinic phase occurred. WZ-V and 20Z-V samples were used to investigate the analogous bending strength at 1152 and 1148 MPa, respectively. The structural coarsening desired for realizing significant grain size led to increased scattering strength values, as evidenced by lesser Weibull modulus (9.23 vs. 5.10). Variations in the mechanical behavior of the investigated varistors with different grain sizes were demonstrated, and their probable reasons were discussed in brief.
Podcasts and Feminist Shakespeare Pedagogy
Authors: Panjwani Varsha
Published: October 2022

Scores of women feel excluded from Shakespeare Studies because the sound of this field (whether it is academics giving papers at conferences or actors sharing performance insights) is predominantly male. In contrast, women are well represented in Shakespeare podcasts. Noting this trend, this Element envisions and urges a feminist podagogy which entails utilizing podcasts for feminism in Shakespeare pedagogy. Through detailed case studies of teaching women characters in Hamlet, A Winter's Tale, The Merchant of Venice, and As You Like It, and through road-tested assignments and activities, this Element explains how educators can harness the functionalities of podcasts, such as amplification, archiving, and community building to shape a Shakespeare pedagogy that is empowering for women. More broadly, it advocates paying greater attention to the intersection of Digital Humanities and anti-racist feminism in Shakespeare Studies.
County-level jail incarceration, community economic distress, rurality, and preterm birth among women in the US South
Authors: Montgomery Brooke E. E. , Pro George C. , Willis Don E. , Zaller Nick D.
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

The USA has higher rates of preterm birth and incarceration than any other developed nation, with rates of both being highest in Southern states and among Black Americans, potentially due to rurality and socioeconomic factors. To test our hypothesis that prior-year county-level rates of jail admission, economic distress, and rurality were positively associated with premature birth rates in the county of delivery in 2019 and that the strength of these associations is greater for Black women than for White or Hispanic women, we merged five datasets to perform multivariable analysis of data from 766 counties across 12 Southern/rural states.

Methods:

We used multivariable linear regression to model the percentage of babies born premature, stratified by Black (Model 1), Hispanic (Model 2), and White (Model 3) mothers. Each model included all three independent variables of interest measured using data from the Vera Institute, Distressed Communities Index, and Index of Relative Rurality.

Results:

In fully fitted stratified models, economic distress was positively associated with premature births among Black (F = 33.81, p < 0.0001) and White (F = 26.50, p < 0.0001) mothers. Rurality was associated with premature births among White mothers (F = 20.02, p < 0.0001). Jail admission rate was not associated with premature births among any racial group, and none of the study variables were associated with premature births among Hispanic mothers.

Conclusions:

Understanding the connections between preterm birth and enduring structural inequities is a necessary scientific endeavor to advance to later translational stages in health-disparities research
Smooth hypersurfaces in abelian varieties over arithmetic rings
Authors: Javanpeykar Ariyan , Mathur Siddharth
Published: October 2022

Let A be an abelian scheme of dimension at least four over a

$\mathbb {Z}$

-finitely generated integral domain R of characteristic zero, and let L be an ample line bundle on A. We prove that the set of smooth hypersurfaces D in A representing L is finite by showing that the moduli stack of such hypersurfaces has only finitely many R-points. We accomplish this by using level structures to interpolate finiteness results between this moduli stack and the stack of canonically polarized varieties.
Size-dependent transient nature of localized turbulence in transitional channel flow
Authors: Xu Duo , Song Baofang
Published: October 2022

It has been reported that a fully localized turbulent band in channel flow becomes sustained when the Reynolds number is above a threshold. Here we show evidence that turbulent bands are of a transient nature instead. When the band length is controlled to be fixed, the lifetime of turbulent bands appears to be stochastic and exponentially distributed, a sign of a memoryless transient nature. Besides increasing with the Reynolds number, the mean lifetime also strongly increases with the band length. Given that the band length always changes over time in real channel flow, this size dependence may translate into a time dependence, which needs to be taken into account when clarifying the relationship between channel flow transition and the directed percolation universality class.
Eric Weitz: Mensch and Menschenrechte: The Internal Logic of a Life Well-Lived
Authors: Bartov Omer , Brethour Miranda , Moyn Samuel , Schissler Hanna
Published: October 2022

Had Eric been allowed to live the long life that he deserved, he might have looked back and recognized the retrospective logic of his scholarly work. By then, I am sure, he would have produced more pathbreaking and important books and essays. Indeed, following the publication of his magnum opus, A World Divided, Eric was already at work on a study of Ralph Bunche, featured in A World Divided and one of the most prominent African Americans in the United States in the immediate aftermath of World War II who went on to have an influential role as an advocate of human rights in the newly established United Nations.
“Why don’t I forgive? They didn’t ask for forgiveness!”: Manich Msamah and Tunisia’s Politics of Unforgiveness
Authors: Rigg Joshua E.
Published: October 2022

Recent transitional justice scholarship has explored the role of emotions during periods of political transition. Scholars have taken negative emotions as both legitimate responses to past crimes and as supports to the pursuit of justice in the present. This paper argues that feelings circulate across a wide array of individuals, things, and processes that often sit apart from the formal, judicial spaces of transitional justice. To make this argument, I consider the Tunisian campaign Manich Msamah (I Do Not Forgive) and its articulation of an affect of unforgiveness in resistance to the proposed Economic and Financial Reconciliation Law. Formed in 2015, the campaign came about in response to the law and efforts, under the pretext of “reconciliation,” to return to public life figures from the repressive regime of Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali. Drawing on affect theory, I argue that unforgiveness was stuck to particular individuals (figures from the old regime and circulated between a community of unforgiving activists), things (public spaces, posters, T-shirts and the ephemera of protest) and processes (accountability and substantive forms of justice). I argue that an affect of unforgiveness thus aided activists not only in their resistance to state-led reconciliation but also helped imagine alternative paths to justice in Tunisia.
Palimpsests of Violence: Ruination and the Afterlives of Genocide in Anatolia
Authors: Suni Anoush Tamar
Published: October 2022

Before the 1915 Genocide of Ottoman Armenians, the region of Van, in contemporary southeastern Turkey, held hundreds of active Armenian churches and monasteries. After the destruction of the Armenian community, these ruined structures took on new afterlives as they became part of the evolving environments and communities around them. These ruined spaces play a role in the everyday lives of the people who live among them and shape their historical understandings and relationships with the local history and geography. I interrogate the afterlives of one abandoned monastery and examine how local Kurds imagine, narrate, and enact the politics of the past and the present through that space of material ruin. I demonstrate how the history of the Armenian Genocide and ongoing state violence against the Kurdish community are intricately linked, highlight the continuation of violence over the past century, and deconstruct notions of ahistorical victims and perpetrators. This article builds on a critical approach to ruins as it traces how histories of destruction and spaces of material ruin are revisited and reinterpreted by those whose lives continue to be shaped by processes of ruination. It demonstrates how ruins created through violent histories become spaces for articulating alternative senses of history and crafting possible futures.
Endoparasite community structure of an anuran assemblage in the Caatinga, Northeastern Neotropical Region
Authors: Sampaio N. K. S. , Teixeira A. A. M. , Do Nascimento J. M. , Ribeiro S. C. , Almeida W. O. , Brito S. V.
Published: October 2022

Amphibians are a widespread Chordata taxon and are important for maintaining the balance of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Brazil has a rich amphibian fauna; however, little is known about the role of their ecology and phylogenetic relationships during the assembly processes of associated endoparasite communities. Herein, we describe an endoparasite community in an anuran assemblage in the Caatinga, a unique biome of dry forests in north-eastern Brazil. We studied endoparasite diversity, as well as the effects of body length, body mass, body volume and sex on parasite abundance. We also investigated the influence of ecological and historical factors and anuran microhabitat use on endoparasite composition. We analysed individuals from 13 anuran species distributed across five families: Odontophrynidae (Proceratophrys cristiceps); Leptodactylidae (Leptodactylus fuscus, Leptodactylus vastus, Leptodactylus macrosternum, Leptodactylus troglodytes and Physalaemus cuvieri); Hylidae (Pithecopus gonzagai, Scinax x-signatus, Boana raniceps and Dendropsophus nanus); Bufonidae (Rhinella diptycha and Rhinella granulosa); and Microhylidae (Dermatonotus muelleri). We found nine species of endoparasites, including seven nematodes (Aplectana membranosa, Cosmocerca sp., Oswaldocruzia mazzai, Raillietnema spectans, Rhabdias fuelleborni, Schrankiana sp. and Physaloptera sp.), one species of Trematoda (Glypthelmins pseudium) and one non-identified cestode. There was no significant relationship between endoparasite abundance and host body length, body mass, body volume and sex. A phylogenetic principal component analysis showed that ecological factors had a greater influence on endoparasite assemblage than historical factors. Similarly, our results showed that ecological factors had a greater influence on anuran microhabitat use compared to historical factors, which contributed to the generalist characteristics presented by most of the sampled endoparasite species.
A report of Bilharziella polonica cercariae in Knowsley Safari, Prescot, United Kingdom, with notes on other trematodes implicated in human cercarial dermatitis
Authors: Juhász A. , Barlow S.E.J. , Williams H. , Johnson B. , Walsh N. Davies , Cunningham L. C. , Jones S. , LaCourse E. J. , Stothard J. R.
Published: October 2022

As part of surveillance of snail-borne trematodiasis in Knowsley Safari (KS), Prescot, United Kingdom, a collection was made in July 2021 of various planorbid (n = 173) and lymnaeid (n = 218) snails. These were taken from 15 purposely selected freshwater habitats. In the laboratory emergent trematode cercariae, often from single snails, were identified by morphology with a sub-set, of those most accessible, later characterized by cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) DNA barcoding. Two schistosomatid cercariae were of special note in the context of human cercarial dermatitis (HCD), Bilharziella polonica emergent from Planorbarius corneus and Trichobilharzia spp. emergent from Ampullacaena balthica. The former schistosomatid was last reported in the United Kingdom over 50 years ago. From cox1 analyses, the latter likely consisted of two taxa, Trichobilharzia anseri, a first report in the United Kingdom, and a hitherto unnamed genetic lineage having some affiliation with Trichobilharzia longicauda. The chronobiology of emergent cercariae from P. corneus was assessed, with the vertical swimming rate of B. polonica measured. We provide a brief risk appraisal of HCD for public activities typically undertaken within KS educational and recreational programmes.
‘…it's hard to prepare yourself, it's like a death’: barriers and facilitators to older people discussing and planning for driving retirement
Authors: Veerhuis Nadine , Traynor Victoria , Randle Melanie
Published: October 2022

Driving is the preferred mode of transport for many older drivers, providing mobility to maintain independence and quality of life. The loss of driving privilege has negative psychosocial consequences, including depression. Early discussions and planning for driving retirement are therefore essential. Driving retirement, however, is typically a taboo topic for older drivers and their support networks. To understand why discussions and planning about driving retirement are avoided, 43 semi-structured interviews were conducted with older drivers in New South Wales, Australia. Drawing on Löckenhoff's ageing and decision-making framework, thematic analysis of transcripts offers insights into why discussions and planning for driving retirement are avoided or facilitated. The findings reveal most older drivers had not discussed or planned for driving retirement. Barriers to discussing and planning for driving retirement included: perceptions of loss, change, death and denial. Facilitators to discussing or planning for driving retirement included: declining health and driving confidence, medical advice, age or car accident. Driving retirement in car-dependent societies is a major life event, symbolising an end-of-life stage for many older people. This paper calls for strategies to encourage early and regular discussions about driving retirement with older drivers. To support older drivers’ transition to driving retirement, an understanding of the value and meaning placed on driving in the context of the individuals' identity and lifestyle is recommended.
Regulation of cost function weighting matrices in control of WMR using MLP neural networks
Authors: Habibnejad Korayem Moharam , Rezaei Adriani Hamidreza , Yousefi Lademakhi Naeim
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a method based on neural networks for intelligently extracting weighting matrices of the optimal controllers’ cost function is presented. Despite the optimal and robust performance of controllers with the cost function, adjusting their gains which are the weighting matrices for the system state variables vector and the system inputs vector, is a challenging and time-consuming task that is usually selected by trial and error method for each specific application; and even little changes in the weighting matrices significantly impact problem-solving and system optimization. Therefore, it is necessary to select these gains automatically to improve controller performance and delete human energy to find the best gains. As a linear controller, linear quadratic regulator, and as a nonlinear controller, nonlinear model predictive control have been employed with trained networks to track the path of a wheeled mobile robot. The simulation and experimental results have been extracted and compared to validate the proposed method. These results have been demonstrated that the intelligent controller’s operation has lower error than the conventional method, which works up to 7% optimal in tracking and up to 19% better in angle state error; furthermore, as the most important aim, the required time and effort to find the weighting matrices in various situations has been omitted.
Spatial neglect in the digital age: Influence of presentation format on patients’ test behavior
Authors: Rosenzopf Hannah , Sperber Christoph , Wortha Franz , Wiesen Daniel , Muth Annika , Klein Elise , Möller Korbinian , Karnath Hans-Otto
Published: October 2022

Objective:

Computerized neglect tests could significantly deepen our disorder-specific knowledge by effortlessly providing additional behavioral markers that are hardly or not extractable from existing paper-and-pencil versions. This study investigated how testing format (paper versus digital), and screen size (small, medium, large) affect the Center of cancelation (CoC) in right-hemispheric stroke patients in the Letters and the Bells cancelation task. Our second objective was to determine whether a machine learning approach could reliably classify patients with and without neglect based on their search speed, search distance, and search strategy.

Method:

We compared the CoC measure of right hemisphere stroke patients with neglect in two cancelation tasks across different formats and display sizes. In addition, we evaluated whether three additional parameters of search behavior that became available through digitization are neglect-specific behavioral markers.

Results:

Patients’ CoC was not affected by test format or screen size. Additional search parameters demonstrated lower search speed, increased search distance, and a more strategic search for neglect patients than for control patients without neglect.

Conclusion:

The CoC seems robust to both test digitization and display size adaptations. Machine learning classification based on the additional variables derived from computerized tests succeeded in distinguishing stroke patients with spatial neglect from those without. The investigated additional variables have the potential to aid in neglect diagnosis, in particular when the CoC cannot be validly assessed (e.g., when the test is not performed to completion).
Theorizing the history of women's international thinking at the ‘end of international theory’
Authors: Getachew Adom , Bell Duncan , Enloe Cynthia , Thakur Vineet
Published: October 2022

Throughout the 20thcentury, women were leading intellectuals on International Relations (IR). They thought, wrote, and taught on this subject in numerous political, professional, intimate, and intellectual contexts. They wrote some of the earliest and most powerful theoretical statements of what would later become core approaches to contemporary international theory. Yet, historical women, those working before the late 20thcentury, are almost completely missing in IR's intellectual and disciplinary histories, including histories of its main theoretical traditions. In this forum, leading historians and theorists of IR respond to the recent findings of the Leverhulme project on Women and the History of International Thought (WHIT), particularly its first two book-length publications on the centrality of women to early IR discourses and subsequent erasure from its history and conceptualization. The forum is introduced by members of the WHIT project. Collectively, the essays suggest the implications of the erasure and recovery of women's international thought are significant and wide-ranging.
The TRIPS Waiver Decision at the World Trade Organization: Too Little Too Late!
Authors: RANJAN Prabhash , GOUR Praharsh
Published: October 2022

The recently adopted Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) waiver decision at the World Trade Organization is a grossly inadequate and insincere response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper criticizes the TRIPS waiver for being faulty on several fronts such as: excluding COVID-19 diagnostics and therapeutics from its fold and focusing only on COVID-19 vaccines; restricting its coverage to only patents and leaving out other intellectual property rights; excluding developed countries that possess manufacturing and technological capability from being eligible exporters of COVID-19 vaccines; and its perplexing silence on the transfer of technology. It will have negligible impact on fighting the pandemic, sets an enfeebled example for the future, and is a classic case of “too little too late”.
Semantic Relatedness Effects in Serial Recall But Not in Serial Reconstruction of Order
Authors: Ian Neath  , Saint-Aubin Jean , Surprenant Aimée M.
Published: October 2022

Abstract. Lists of semantically related words are better recalled than lists of unrelated words on immediate serial recall tests. Prominent explanations for this beneficial effect of semantic relatedness, such as the item/order hypothesis, invoke differential contributions of item and order information and predict that on tests that de-emphasize item information, the effect of semantic relatedness will be abolished. The prediction is hard to assess because previous studies using reconstruction of order tests show conflicting and equivocal results. Three experiments are reported that were designed to minimize problems associated with extant studies and that will allow reassessment of the prediction that semantic relatedness will have no effect on reconstruction of order tests. The experiments replicated the usual beneficial effect of semantic relatedness on memory when the test was serial recall but found no effect when the test was reconstruction of order. These results were observed regardless of whether semantic relatedness was defined by category membership (Experiment 1), association (Experiment 2), or meaning (Experiment 3). These results clarify earlier results in the literature and confirm a strong prediction of the item/order hypothesis.
High‐Resolution Lithospheric Structure of the Zagros Collision Zone and Iranian Plateau
Authors: Irandoust Mohsen A. , Priestley Keith , Sobouti Farhad
Published: October 2022

From a joint analysis of fundamental mode Rayleigh wave group velocities and P‐wave receiver functions, we derive a new, high‐resolution 3D shear‐wave velocity (Vs) model for the crust and uppermost mantle of the Iranian Plateau. The thickest crust (>55 km) is located beneath the Sanandaj‐Sirjan Zone and the deforming belts of Alborz‐Binalud‐Kopet Dag Mountains, whereas regions of lower topography/deformation (e.g., central Iran and the Lut Block), and the regions of younger deformation such as the Makran Accretionary Wedge and the Zagros Simply Folded Belt (SFB) have a thinner (<45 km) crust. Our model reveals a low‐Vs tongue‐shaped feature, indicating the underthrusting of the Arabian crust beneath central Iran. In the central Zagros, the underthrusting of the Arabian crust is steeper, resulting in a narrower deforming zone (∼150 km) and a thicker crust (∼60–65 km), compared to the NW or SE Zagros where the deforming zone is broader (∼250 km) and the crust is thinner (∼55–60 km). Regions of low‐Vs in the upper crust correspond to regions of thick sediments; the South Caspian Basin, the Zagros SFB and foreland basin of the Zagros, and the Makran Subduction Wedge. The subcrustal Rayleigh wave azimuthal anisotropy of the Plateau shows a rather uniform and smoothly‐varying pattern. In the NW Zagros the crustal and subcrustal pattern of anisotropy agrees with that previously estimated from the shear‐wave core phases, implying that the whole lithosphere deforms coherently, but for other regions (e.g., the western Alborz and Kopet Dag), the anisotropic pattern does not support a coherent deformational fabric throughout the lithosphere.
Vaccination in children with congenital heart disease: an observational study in a Beijing hospital
Authors: Zhou Xue-ying , Yao Mi , Qi Jian-guang , Qi Zhen-nan , Liang Wei-lan
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Underimmunization of CHD children is a public health concern in China. This study aimed to analyze the vaccination status of CHD children to provide additional evidence on optimal vaccination strategies and to make suggestions to promote appropriate vaccination services for these children.

Methods

This cross-sectional study evaluated 155 CHD children who received at least one vaccine at Peking University First Hospital. Vaccine-specific immunization rates were calculated. A telephone questionnaire survey was conducted that covered the following: the prognosis, reasons for delayed vaccinations and getting vaccination in the hospital. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 22 software.

Results

The left-to-right shunt group involved 138 children, while the other type CHD group involved 17. The vaccination rate was the highest for MPSV-AC (87.1%) and the lowest for DTaP (40.1%). The most frequent reason for vaccination in the hospital was refusal from community health centers (61.5%). No participant reported vaccine-related adverse effects.

Conclusions

The age-appropriate vaccine-specific immunization rates in CHD children are low, with the lowest for DTaP. Refusal of community health centers was the primary reason. Our findings support that clinically stable CHD children may be safely vaccinated on a schedule similar to that of ordinary children in China.

Impact

From our investigation, we found that the age-appropriate vaccine-specific immunization rates in children with CHD in China are low, with the lowest for diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis.

Refusal of community health centers to vaccinate was the primary reason for the low rates.

We believe our study provides additional evidence on optimal vaccination strategies for children with CHD and it can be used to develop strategies to promote appropriate vaccination services for these children.
Diminazene aceturate attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Yoon So Hye , Kang Hye Bin , Kim Jongwan , Yoo Keunje , Han Sang Jun
Published: October 2022

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the leading causes of mortality following partial hepatectomy, liver transplantation, hypovolemic shock and trauma; however, effective therapeutic targets for the treatment of hepatic I/R injury are lacking. Recent studies have shown that diminazene aceturate (DIZE) has protective effects against inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, which are the main pathogenetic mechanisms associated with hepatic I/R injury. However, the mechanistic effects DIZE exerts on hepatic I/R remain unknown. C57BL/6 male mice were pretreated with either 15 mg/kg DIZE or vehicle control (saline) and subjected to partial liver ischemia for 60 min. One day after induction of hepatic I/R, liver damage, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and apoptosis were analyzed. By evaluating plasma alanine aminotransferase levels and histology, we found that DIZE treatment attenuated liver failure and was associated with a reduction in histologically-apparent liver damage. We also found that DIZE-treated mice had milder inflammatory responses, less reactive oxidative damage and less apoptosis following hepatic I/R compared to vehicle-treated mice. Taken together, our study demonstrates that DIZE protects against ischemic liver injury by attenuating inflammation and oxidative damage and may be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of ischemic liver failure.
Anti-cancer effects of human placenta-derived amniotic epithelial stem cells loaded with paclitaxel on cancer cells
Authors: Babajani Amirhesam , Manzari-Tavakoli Asma , Jamshidi Elham , Tarasi Roghayeh , Niknejad Hassan
Published: October 2022

Available therapeutic strategies for cancers have developed side effects, resistance, and recurrence that cause lower survival rates. Utilizing targeted drug delivery techniques has opened up new hopes for increasing the efficacy of cancer treatment. The current study aimed to investigate the appropriate condition of primming human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) with paclitaxel as a dual therapeutic approach consisting of inherent anticancer features of hAECs and loaded paclitaxel. The effects of paclitaxel on the viability of hAECs were evaluated to find an appropriate loading period. The possible mechanism of hAECs paclitaxel resistance was assessed using verapamil. Afterward, the loading and releasing efficacy of primed hAECs were evaluated by HPLC. The anti-neoplastic effects and apoptosis as possible mechanism of conditioned media of paclitaxel-loaded hAECs were assessed on breast and cervical cancer cell lines. hAECs are highly resistant to cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in 24 h. Evaluating the role of P-glycoproteins in hAECs resistance showed that they do not participate in hAECs resistance. The HPLC demonstrated that hAECs uptake/release paclitaxel with optimum efficacy in 8000 ng/ml treatment. Assessing the anti-proliferative effect of primed hAECs condition media on cancer cells showed that the secretome induced 3.3- and 4.8-times more potent effects on MCF-7 and HeLa, respectively, and enhanced the apoptosis process. These results suggest that hAECs could possibly be used as a drug delivery system for cancer treatment. Besides, inherent anticancer effects of hAECs were preserved during the modification process. Synergistic anticancer effects of paclitaxel and hAECs can be translated into clinical practice, which would be evaluated in the future studies.
Optimization and multiple in vitro activity potentials of carotenoids from marine Kocuria sp. RAM1
Authors: Metwally Rasha A. , El-Sersy Nermeen A. , El Sikaily Amany , Sabry Soraya A. , Ghozlan Hanan A.
Published: October 2022

Marine pigmented bacteria are a promising natural source of carotenoids.Kocuriasp. RAM1 was isolated from the Red SeaBohadschia graeffeicollected from Marsa Alam, Egypt, and used for carotenoids production. The extracted carotenoids were purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The characteristic UV absorbance of the three purified fractions gave us an inkling of what the purified pigments were. The chemical structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The three different red pigments were identified as two C50-carotenoids, namely bisanhydrobacterioruberin and trisanhydrobacterioruberin, in addition to 3,4,3ʹ,4ʹ-Tetrahydrospirilloxanthin (C42-carotenoids).Kocuriasp. RAM1 carotenoids were investigated for multiple activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-HSV-1, anticancer, antidiabetic and wound healing. These new observations suggest thatKocuriasp. RAM1 carotenoids can be used as a distinctive natural pigment with potent properties.
Assessment of the exposure to selected smoke constituents in adult smokers using in-market heated tobacco products: a randomized, controlled study
Authors: Yuki Dai , Kikuchi Akira , Suzuki Takuya , Sakaguchi Chikako , Huangfu Danting , Nagata Yasufumi , Kakehi Aoi
Published: October 2022

The objectives of this clinical study were to demonstrate a reduction in exposure to selected harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in Japanese healthy adult smokers who switched to four in-market heated tobacco products. Eighty-nine smokers were randomly assigned for five days to one of six study groups: four groups who switched to one of the commercially available heated tobacco products; a group who continued to smoke their own brand of combustible cigarettes (CC); or a group who stopped smoking (SS). Fifteen biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to 14 HPHCs and pyrene were measured at baseline, Day 3 and Day 5 in 24 h urine and breath, under clinical confinement. Product consumption, nicotine uptake and subjective effects were also measured before and after product switching. On Day 5, significant reductions in most BoE relative to the CC group were observed after switching to heated tobacco products. No changes in BoE were observed between baseline and Day 5 in the CC group. Significantly, the magnitude of the reduction in exposure to most of the selected HPHCs observed in the heated tobacco product groups was close to that observed in the SS group.
Incidence of severe rise in intraocular pressure after intravitreous injection of aflibercept with prefilled syringes
Authors: Dingerkus Vita Louisa Sophie , Somfai Gabor Mark , Kinzl Stephan , Orgül Selim Ismet , Becker Matthias Dieter , Heussen Florian Moritz
Published: October 2022

Our aim was to analyze the intraocular pressure (IOP) changes following different intravitreous injection (IVI) procedures with or without prefilled syringes (PFS) and to elaborate their possible causes. Clinical study and laboratory assessment. 173 eyes of 141 patients. The IOP was prospectively measured pre- and postoperatively in three groups of patients receiving IVI either with ranibizumab (RP), aflibercept PFS (AP) or aflibercept vials (AV). The AP emptying volume (EV) was assessed using 40 aflibercept PFS vials: the plunger was aligned precisely (normal volume, NV) or right below the indication line (high volume, HV) and the drug was ejected with (wP) or without forced pressure (nP). Primary outcome was post-treatment IOP with type of IVI and pre-treatment IOP as fixed factors. Secondary outcome was identification of possibly confounding factors (age, sex, pathology, presence of pseudophakia, spherical error, and number of injections) and IOP > 30 mmHg post-treatment. An IOP rise above 30 mmHg was observed in 8/38 (22%), 16/51 (31%) and 35/86 (41%) cases in the RP, AV and AP groups, respectively (p = 0.129). Pre-treatment IOP was the only predictive variable for IOP rise (p < 0.001). The EV values in the NVnP, NVwP, HVnP and HVwP groups were 56.06 ± 10.32, 70.69 ± 4.56, 74.22 ± 7.41 and 81.63 ± 3.67 µl, respectively (p < 0.001). We observed a marked, although not significantly higher incidence of IOP elevations with the aflibercept PFS. One possible reason may be the error-proneness of administering the correct volume with the AP. Caution should be taken when using the aflibercept PFS in order to prevent potential optic nerve damage in cases with marked elevation in IOP.
The reliability of the measurement of muscle volume using magnetic resonance imaging in typically developing infants by two raters
Authors: Whitta Georgia , Liang Jessie , Stott N. Susan , Mirjalili S. Ali , Battin Malcolm , Williams Sîan A.
Published: October 2022

To assess intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the manual segmentation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the in vivo measurement of infant muscle volume of the knee extensor and flexor muscles by two raters. Muscles of the knee extensor and flexor muscle of ten typically developing infants (86 days ± 7 days) were scanned with MRI (Proton density sequence). Scans were then segmented using Slicer software, and volumes rendered by two raters. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability were assessed using intra-class correlation (ICC), with mean difference (MD), standard error of the mean (SEM), and minimal detectable change (MDC) for each muscle calculated. ICCs for Intra-rater reliability of the segmentation process for the muscle volume of the muscles of the knee extensors and flexor muscles were 0.901–0.972, and 0.776–0.945 respectively, with inter-rater reliabilities between 0.914–0.954 and 0.848–0.978, for the knee extensor and flexors muscles respectively. For intra-rater reliability, MD ≤ − 0.47 cm3, MDCs for were < 1.09 cm3 and for inter-rater MD ≤ − 1.40 cm3, MDCs for were < 1.63 cm3 for all muscles. MRI segmentation for muscle volumes showed good to excellent reliability, though given the small volumes of the muscles themselves, variations between raters are amplified. Care should be taken in the reporting and interpretation of infant muscle volume.