bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa SMP Negeri 12 Kotabumi Pada Materi Statistika
Authors: Sari Marlinda , Handayani Ratih
Published: May 2024

Kurangnya kemampuan representasi matematis siswa SMP Negeri 12 Kotabumi pada materi statistika menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan representasi matematis bentuk visual, simbolik dan verbal siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 12 Kotabumi pada materi statistika. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek berjumlah 6 siswa yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen pada penelitian ini adalah peneliti, instrumen tes, dan pedoman wawancara. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik. Analisis data menggunakan 3 cara yaitu reduksi data, penyajiaan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Kemampuan representasi matematis bentuk visual kelompok tinggi mampu memenuhi indikator visual dengan tepat dan benar. Sedangkan kelompok sedang dan rendah mampu memenuhi indikator visual, namun diagram yang dibuat masih belum tepat (2) Kemampuan representasi matematis bentuk simbolik kelompok tinggi dan sedang sudah mampu memenuhi indikator simbolik, namun siswa kurang teliti dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan. Sedangkan kelompok rendah belum memenuhi indikator simbolik yaitu siswa tidak menyelesaikan permasalahan yang diberikan. (3) Siswa dari kelompok tinggi mampu memenuhi indikator verbal. Siswa dari kelompok sedang dengan kode S1 memenuhi indikator verbal, namun siswa dengan kode S2 belum mampu memenuhi indikator verbal. Untuk kelompok rendah siswa belum mampu memenuhi indikator verbal.
Semantics Issue: Emotive Meaning of Netizens’ Comments of Gastrointestinal Disease Survivors on Instagram @Kakagastro
Authors: Irawan Yoga , Zalmansyah Achril , Fitriani Annisa
Published: May 2024

This study aims to describe the emotive meaning of netizens’ comments about survivors of gastrointestinal diseases on Instagram @kakagastro. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method. The data in this study is in the form of screenshots in the form of comments written by followers of the @kakagastro account. The documentation method is used to obtain the data in the account. The data that has been obtained is then entered into the corpus of data that the researcher has previously designed. The results of the study show that three emotive meanings appear in the comments on the @kakagastro account. These emotive meanings, namely emotive meaning as an embodiment of worry, emotive meaning as an embodiment of social feelings, and emotive meaning as an embodiment of pleasure or happiness. The emotive meaning as a manifestation of worry comes from netizens who at that time were feeling anxious and afraid of the disease they were suffering from. This fear is manifested in the form of complaints and questions. The emotive meaning as a manifestation of social feeling comes from netizens' desire to consult about the illness they are suffering from. The consultation raises interaction and concern from the @kakagastro account with its followers. The emotive meaning of the embodiment of happiness is a meaning that arises because of the success of people with gastrointestinal diseases in consuming foods that should be prohibited. This success indicates that the healing process of gastrointestinal diseases is almost complete.
Keywords: Instagram, emotive meaning, netizens
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca melalui Kartu Bergambar dengan Model PBL Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Nur Rohmah Ellyna , Desstya Anatri , Artik
Published: May 2024

One of the fundamental skills that students must have is reading. By having reading skills, students can participate in and comprehend learning effectively. However, in reality, many students, especially in grade 1, cannot read yet. This study aims to improve the reading ability of grade 1 students at SD Muhammadiyah Plus Malangjiwan through picture card media using the PBL model. The subjects of this study were 19 grade 1 students at SD Muhammadiyah Plus Malangjiwan in the academic year 2023/2024. Data collection techniques included interviews, tests, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques included qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The action achievement indicator was set at 70%. The results of the study showed that using the PBL (Problem-Based Learning) model with picture card media could improve students' reading skills. Reading ability increased with an average score of 59.2 in cycle I (low category) and an average of 79.3 (high category) in cycle II. Therefore, the use of picture cards with the PBL model is recommended for teachers in conducting reading instruction.
Symbolic meanings of numbers in proverbs
Authors: Аимухамметова Азиза
Published: May 2024

It is well known that in the oral tradition, literature, ethnography and worldview of the peoples of the world, the number system has a special significance. For this reason, their meanings in the text of the work have been specially studied in the field offolklore and literature. The article examines the proverbs of English and Karakalpak language and its functional-semantic features of the numbers encountered in the text of folk proverbs.
The linguistic analysis of english transport terminology
Authors: Базарбаев Азамат , Реймова Мияссар
Published: May 2024

The linguistic analysis of English transport terminology offers a comprehensive examination of the language used to describe various aspects of transportation. This research delves into the morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics of transportation-related language, exploring how words are formed, structured, interpreted, and used in communication within the transport sector. This article provides an overview of the linguistic analysis of English transport terminology’, highlighting its significance in understanding how language shapes and reflects out-perceptions, practices, and policies in the field of transportation.
Pragmatic aspects of making and responding to complaints in an intercultural context
Authors: Джумамбетова Д , Янгибаева Барно
Published: May 2024

Complaints are a universal aspect of human communication, serving various social functions such as expressing dissatisfaction, seeking redress, and maintaining relationships. However, the way complaints are made and responded to can vary significantly across cultures, leading to potential misunderstandings and conflicts in intercultural interactions. This scientific article explores the pragmatic aspects of making and responding to complaints in intercultural contexts, shedding light on the nuanced cultural differences that influence these communicative acts. By understanding these differences, individuals and organizations can enhance their intercultural communication competence and navigate complaints more effectively across cultural boundaries
Understanding animal names formed with affixes
Authors: Хидирова Махфуза
Published: May 2024

This article examines the utilization ofprefixes and suffixes in creating new words within the context of animal names in the English language. It explores how the addition of these affixes to base animal terms can result in the formation of novel words that convey modified meanings or highlight specific characteristics. The article emphasizes the importance of affixation in expanding and enriching animal vocabulary, contributing to a better understanding and communication of the diverse animal kingdom.
The importance of colloquial expressions
Authors: Худайбергенова Турдигул , Сабирбаева Мадина , Сарсенбаева Айнура
Published: May 2024

This article aims to investigate what exactly Colloquial Expressions are and their significance in English grammar. The paper shed light on the definition origin and its characteristics.
Formulation and Evaluation of Ocular in situ Gel of Framycetin Sulfate
Authors: Soni Ayush , Sonartiya Sunita , Patel Neelam , Pawar Rajat
Published: May 2024

The aim of the present study was to formulate and optimize Framycetin sulfate in situ gels for the used for treatment of ocular eye infection .it was formulated as ocular in situ gel forming eye drop are using polymers such as carbopol 940 as a gelling agent in combination of suitable preservatives. It is a newer approach to improve easy to eye instillation residence time and enhance bioavailability, prolonged and sustained drug release. in-situ gel formulation using a suitable phase transition polymer to effectively deliver the drug into eyes with sustained and prolonged release and enhanced drug bioavailability. It is observed from the formulation F3 which shown drug content 96.16 % and have good gelling capacity. Thus, it can be concluded that the drug given in the form of ocular in situ gel of Framycetin sulfate providing better patient compliance and an effective mode of treatment.
Sombor polynomial (function) of a graph
Authors: Ghanbari Nima , Alikhani Saeid
Published: May 2024

Let G = (V,E) be a finite simple graph. The Sombor index SO(G) of G is defined as 2 2 uv E(G) u v d d ∈ Σ + , where du is the degree of vertex u in G. We consider the Sombor polynomial (function) as 2 2 ( ) ( , ) = du dv uv E G S G x x + ∈ Σ and study it for specific graphs. Also we investigate the location of the roots of this polynomial.
Hyperoperations on directed graphs
Authors: Kalampakas Antonios , Spartalis Stefanos
Published: May 2024

We analyze three hyper-operations derived from directed graphs, demonstrate the influence of the underlying graph structure on these hyper-operations and study the algebraic properties of the related classes of graphs. The paper also illustrates the relationship between directed graphs and hyper-structures using graph hyper-operations. In addition, we investigate the property of commutativity for an appropriate type of hyper-groupoids and its relationship to properties of directed graphs. Therefore, the paper consists of three sections, section one introduces and investigates three distinct hyper-groupoids derived from hyperoperations on directed graphs, section two discusses the fundamental ideas of directed graphs, and section three elaborates on path, simple path, and ancestry hyper-operations.
Secure and efficient storage approach for cloud environment using hybrid machine learning techniques
Authors: Sadawarti Kanav , Saini Satish , Garg Rachit
Published: May 2024

Cloud computing is a new way to organize things. Cloud users can store their files that are far away and linked to the web. As a result, personal and critical data are stored in an easily accessible and transferable manner. Hence, its demand is expanding daily. Due to the fact that the user accesses data over the internet, issues about the secrecy and confidentiality have arisen. To address this issue, hybridization employs an encryption technology known as the RSA with 3- DES approach. This article primarily addressed two aspects: data security and storage. The encryption strategy is used to secure cloud data, while the MBFD with WOA & ANN approach is used to store it. Also the utilization of neural network along with the whale optimization model ensures the controlled storage of cloud has been done. The experiment demonstrates that the suggested cloud system outperforms the present one in terms of energy usage, latency, and SLA breach.
Video Processing Based Tracking and Vehicle Identification
Authors: Pratham N. Surjuse  , Shweta G. Deogade  , Shantanu S. Dethe  , Sakshi P. Chahare  , Dr. Nitin Janwe
Published: May 2024

Video surveillance and analysis have become integral components of various domains such as security, traffic management, and urban planning. However, effective tracking and identification of vehicles in video streams remain challenging due to environmental factors, occlusions, and complex motion patterns. This research proposes a novel approach leveraging YOLOv5, a state-of-the-art object detection algorithm, for real-time vehicle tracking and identification. By integrating YOLOv5 with advanced video processing techniques, including preprocessing for enhancing video quality and Kalman filtering for object tracking, the proposed system achieves improved accuracy and robustness in diverse scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, showcasing high accuracy in vehicle tracking and reliable identification performance. The findings suggest significant potential for practical applications in enhancing video surveillance systems for better security and traffic management. Additionally, avenues for future research are discussed to further enhance the capabilities of video-based vehicle tracking and identification systems
Detecção de Physarum cinereum (Batsch) Pers. (Protista, Myxomycetes) em cultivo de brócolis (Brassica oleracea L.)
Authors: Velloso Jorge , Cavalcanti Laise de Holanda , Velloso Marcos André Pinheiro , Putzke Jair
Published: May 2024

Mais uma ocorrência de mixomiceto em cultivo de planta de interesse comercial é relatado para o Brasil. Neste caso, Physarum cinereum é reportado ocorrendo em plantio caseiro de brócolis, no estado no Rio Grande do Sul, sem causar danos às plantas.
The causal association of cheese intake with type 2 diabetes mellitus result from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhong Tao , Wang Guiming , HUANG Yu-qing
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Worldwide, type 2 diabetes is a major health concern with numerous risk factors. In observational studies, cheese consumption has been linked to type 2 diabetes, however it is still unclear whether these relationships are causal. To ascertain these relationships, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Material and methods

A summary of cheese intake statistics from UK Biobank and publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for type 2 diabetes from IEU OpenGWAS, FinnGen Biobank, EBI GWAS, and Biobank Japan, respectivel. The primary method was pooled meta-analysis with the inverse variance weighting method. The sensitivity analyses included MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and leave-one-out. MR estimations of causation were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

In the pooled meta-analysis of the fixed and random effect model, the combined ORs for type 2 diabetes were 0.58 (95% CI: 0.50-0.68, P<0.001) and 0.50 (95%CI: 0.32-0.78, P=0.003) per standard deviation rise in the levels of cheese intake. Sensitivity analysis revealed no horizontal pleiotropy (all P>0.05) but heterogeneity (all P<0.05).

Conclusions

We found that moderate consumption of beneficial cheese may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. These findings suggested that increasing cheese intake appropriate for humans may help prevent and control type 2 diabetes.
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase as an Indicator of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Zainab Sadia , Akbar Amina , Ehsan Ambreen , Mushtaq Sidra , Tabbasum Humaira , Ikram Mobeen
Published: May 2024

Objective: To ascertain the sensitivity and specificity of serum lactate dehydrogenase as an indicator for maternal and neonatal outcomes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Study Design: Cross-sectional, analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Anesthesia and Gynecology & Obstetrics, Combined Military Hospital, Okara Cantt Pakistan, from Apr to Sep 2018.
Methodology: Eighty-six pregnant women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were included in our study. Group-A included pregnant women with raised serum LDH, and Group-B included pregnant women with normal LDH levels. The patients were followed up until delivery and hospital discharge. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were studied.
Results: The progression to hemolysis elevated liver enzyme low platelet (HELLP) syndrome was 4(4.8%) in Group-A versus zero in Group-B, p=0.022. The two groups did not vary in mode of delivery (cesarean section in 28 vs. 33); preterm delivery (22 versus 15); intrauterine growth retardation (8 vs. 6); intrauterine demise (9 vs 5); low APGAR at birth (13 vs. 7); eclampsia (3 vs. 3) which were comparable between the two groups, p-value>0.05. For overall maternal outcomes, the sensitivity for raised LDH was 57.1% and specificity 53.3%. The sensitivity was 51.2%, and the specificity was 54.7% for overall neonatal outcomes.
Conclusion: Elevated serum LDH alone in pregnancy-induced hypertension cannot considered as a prognostic indicator for maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes, except HELLP syndrome
Evaluation of Burden of Carotid Artery Disease In Ischemic Stroke Patients With And Without Hypertension
Authors: Khan Hamad , Nawaz Khurram Haq , Asif Hashmat  , Hamid Mukhtar  , Ahmad Fawad , Muhammad Anjum
Published: May 2024

Objective: To evaluate the burden of carotid artery stenosis in ischemic stroke patients and its association with socio-demographic aspects of Hypertension.
Place and Duration of Study: Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2020. Study Design: Cross-sectional study
Methodology: A total of 226 acute ischemic stroke patients, confirmed on CT/MRI brain, were subjected to ultrasound Doppler to look for significant carotid artery stenosis. The association of Hypertension was evaluated with the presence of carotid artery stenosis in such patients.
Results: Hypertension was recorded in 133(58.8 %) patients and clinically significant carotid artery stenosis was seen in 96(42.5%) patients. The presence of Hypertension and increasing age were significantly associated with carotid artery stenosis (p-value respectively).
Conclusion: The frequency of clinically significant carotid artery stenosis in hypertensive stroke patients remains higher in Pakistan. Prolonged Hypertension in advanced age may be a contributory factor in developing stroke.
Frequency of Hematological Response in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (Chronic Phase) with Imatinib After Three Months Presenting to CMH Rawalpindi
Authors: Babar Anil , Ahmed Riaz , Raza Ahmed , Amin Zulfiqar Ali , Piracha Muhammad Nadeem , Zargham Anum , Idrees Ibtisam
Published: May 2024

Objective: To find the frequency of haematological response in patients of chronic myeloid leukaemia (Chronic Phase) after three months of Imatinib Mesylate therapy, presenting to CMH Rawalpindi
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oncology Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Jun 2020.
Methodology: Forty-six patients aged 18 and above within the chronic phase of CML were included. Patients underwent detailed clinical history, examination, baseline investigations, and bone marrow studies at presentation. Enrolled patients were given 400mg of Imatinib, and a complete haematological response was noted at the end of 3 months of therapy.
Results: In our study, the age of patients ranged from 18 to 67 years, with a mean age of 47.2+10.6 years. 33(71.7%)were male, and 13(28.3%) were female. 42(91.3%) patients achieved complete haematological response to Imatinib at three months of therapy. Adverse drug reactions exhibited were oedema 18(39.1%), gastrointestinal disturbance 12(26.1%), anaemia 05(10.9%), and skin reactions 03(6.5%).
Conclusion: This study has concluded that Imatinib Mesylate is highly effective in treating chronic phase CML at the haematological level and can be considered the drug of first choice in CML-CP.
Comparison of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis in the Screening of Haemoglobinopathies
Authors: Asghar Shumaila , Mahmood Abbasi Asad , Zafar Jawad , Mahmood Rafia , Zahir Saima , Khan Maria
Published: May 2024

Objective: To compare the results of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis in the screening of haemoglobinopathies.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May 2020 to Nov 2020.
Methodology: Ninety(90) newly diagnosed patients with haemoglobinopathies were included. Patients with a history of recent blood transfusion (<4 weeks) were excluded. Venous blood samples were taken in EDTA tubes, separated into two aliquots and evaluated in parallel on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis analyzers.
Results: Nine different haemoglobinopathies were encountered in the study sample. The most common condition was beta thalassaemia trait found in 50(55.6%) subjects, while Haemoglobin (Hb) (D) homozygous was the least common, detected in only 1(1.1%) subjects. A significant difference was observed between values in cases of Hb(D) Iran trait; Mean Hb(A2) percentage detected by HPLC was 41.96±1.46% compared to 1.5±0.79% detected by CE (p-value<0.001). CE detected a mean of 41.4±1.01% of Hb(D)Iran in the patients of the Hb(D) Iran trait, while High-Performance Liquid Chromatography did not detect this Hb variant (p-value<0.001). A significant difference was also found in cases of Hb(E) trait in percentages of Hb(A2) and Hb(E) variants. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography detected a mean of 31.43±2.84% of Hb(A2) compared to 4.5±0.5% detected by CE (p-value=0.003). Conclusion: Capillary electrophoresis is capable of identifying haemoglobin variants Hb(D) Iran and Hb(E) in cases of Hb(D) Iran trait and Hb(E) trait/Hb(E) homozygous, which HPLC does not pick up.
Comparative Efficacy of Goserelin vs. Leuprolide in Advanced Prostate Cancer in Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Authors: Zeb Muhammad Adnan , Zeeshan Ahmed Alvi  , Muhammad Imran Khan Wajid  , Sameed Hussain  , Omer Riaz
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine the efficacy (achievement of castrate testosterone level at six months) of LHRH agonist therapy with different agonists, i.e., Leuprolide vs. Goserelin.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Radiation Oncology Department, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Oct 2020.
Methodology: One hundred and seventy-eight patients (n=178) having histopathologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma, aged 60 to 80 years, with eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) performance status ≤2, men with advanced prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive different treatment, group 1(89) patients received Goserelin. 3.6mg vs group 2(89) received Leuprolide 7.5mg. The study achieved 100 % accrual in the initial 2.5 months from the start of the study. Each agent was injected intramuscularly six times every 28 days for six injections. The percentage of men whose serum testosterone concentrations fell to and remained at or below castrate levels was the primary endpoint.
Results: Analysis was made on 178 patients in this study. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of achievement of castration levels of testosterone (Leuprolide 98.9% vs. Goserline 88.7%, respectively: p=0.126) from baseline to 6 months. The chi-square test was applied to the outcome in both groups, and results were found to be insignificant statistically (p=0.126).
Conclusion: In this study, no significant difference was determined between groups in attaining and maintaining castration levels of serum testosterone at six months.
Three Port versus Conventional Four-Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shoukat Zeeshan , Muhammad Saeed Awan  , Talha Makshoof  , Mujahid Zulfiqar  , Sohail Ilyas  , Muhammad Zubair
Published: May 2024

Objective: To compare the complications among patients undergoing three-port versus four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy at our tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Feb to Oct 2021.
Methodology: Study was conducted on 200 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for any benign gall bladder pathology during the study period. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group-A underwent a three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy, while Group-B underwent a four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Post-operative pain, surgical site infection, duration of hospital stay, and conversion to open method were compared in both groups.
Results: Out of 100 patients included in the final analysis, 33 were male, and 67 were female. The mean age of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for benign gall bladder pathologies in our study was 42.95±9.47 years. 43(43%) underwent three ports, while 57(57%) underwent four port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Duration of hospital stay was statistically significantly less in patients with three-port laparoscopic surgery than in patients undergoing four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (p-value<0.05).Conclusion: Three-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy emerged as a better option than conventional four-port cholecystectomy in our study population in terms of the shorter duration of hospital stay. All other complications were not significantly different in both groups.
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations Of Azithromycin In Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated In Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Tariq Anam , Mirza Irfan Ali , Fahim Qanita , Bashir Ayesha , Hussain Shafqat , Hussain Chahat
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the variations in minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Azithromycin amongst Salmonella typhi isolates.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2020.
Methodology: Three hundred and eighty-four samples yielding the growth of Salmonella typhi were processed. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion technique, and the MIC of Azithromycin was determined using the E-strip method. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommended that MIC breakpoints be used for susceptibility testing of Azithromycin.
Results: Of 384 tested isolates, 103(26.8%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance to Ciprofloxacin was as high as 367(95.6%) isolates, whereas extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates were calculated to be 204(53.1%). No resistance against Azithromycin was observed. All the isolates were in the susceptible MIC range of 0.5 and 8 μg/ml. The lowest MIC observed was 0.5 μg/ml by 12(5%) of the isolates. The highest MIC value of 8 μg/ml was observed in 6(1.5%) isolates, all of which were XDR. 231(60.2%) isolates had one μg/ml MIC, followed by MIC 4 μg/ml of 72(18.8%) isolates. The mean MIC value of all the isolates was calculated to be 1.82±1.3μg/ml.
Conclusion: The rise in XDR Salmonella typhi could lead to Azithromycin resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship is of prime importance, and Azithromycin MICs should be reported to keep the trends in check.
Frequency and Comparison of Personality Types of Pre-Medical and First-Year Medical Students in Choosing Medicine as a Career Choice and its Association with the Education System and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Rafiq Ayesha , Sethi Ahsan , Sajjad Khan Najia , Rafiq Anam
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency and compare personality types among pre-medical and first-year medical students and their relation to the education system and socioeconomic status.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad and three Secondary-Level Institutes of Abbottabad, Pakistan, from Jan to Mar 2020.
Methodology: Of 384 students, 192 were each included in pre-medical and first-year medical groups. After obtaining written informed consent, data was collected on a questionnaire based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Socioeconomic status was assessed using a modified Kuppuswamy scale.Results: Common personality types among pre-medical students were extrovert-intuitive-feeling-perceiving 33(17.2%), extrovert-intuitive-feeling-judging 22(11.5%), and introvert-intuitive-feeling-judging 19(9.89%), while among medical students, common types were extrovert-intuitive-feeling-perceiving 34(17.7%), extrovert-intuitive-feeling-judging 25(13%), introvert-intuitive-feeling-perceiving 21(10.9%) and extrovert-sensing-feeling-judging 21(10.9%). Pre-medical and medicalstudents have attitude preferences towards extroverts, intuitive, feeling, and perceiving. A greater inclination for feeling was found among medical students than pre-medical and for perceiving among pre-medical students than medical. For paired personality preferences, both groups have expressed a predilection for intuitive feeling and feeling perceiving. Comparison between groups was statistically insignificant (p=0.788). There was a statistically insignificant difference between personality types with the education system in the pre-medical (p=0.058) and medical group (p=0.916) and with socioeconomic status in the pre-medical (p=0.146) and medical group (p=0.931).Conclusion: Pre-medical and medical students shared similar personalities. Identifying personalities at the pre-medical level is important so medical students find synchronisation between their personalities and studies. Socioeconomic status should also be considered.
Comparison of Micro Needling plus Topical Insulin with Micro Needling Alone In Patients with Atrophic Acne Scars: A Split Face Study
Authors: Malik Sadia , Moizza Tahir  , Quratulain Ejaz  , Khawar Kamal  , Sameena Kausar  , Samra Sadaf
Published: May 2024

Objective: To study the efficacy of topical Insulin with microneedling compared to microneedling alone in atrophic acne scars.
Study Design: Prospective, split face, comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Gujranwala Pakistan, from Jan to Jul 2021.
Methodology: Fifty patients with atrophic acne scars from the dermatology outpatient department were selected. The right half of the face was treated with microneedling with Dermapen, keeping the needle depth at 2 mm, along with 40 units of Insulin, while the left half was treated with microneedling alone. The sessions were repeated at monthly intervals for a total of 3 sessions. Goodman and Baron’s quantitative scar scale was assessed at the beginning and then one month after the last (3rd) session, and improvement was measured.Results: Pre-treatment Goodman and Barons quantitative score mean on the right half was 20.44±3.54 whereas on the left half was 20.62±3.23. Post-procedure Goodman and Baron’s quantitative grading scale mean score on the right half was 9.78±2.88 while on the left half, 10.54±2.27. The improvement in mean global scores on the right and left halves was 10.66±2.11 and 10.08±1.88, respectively. The paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (p<0.001) in the scores of both the right and the left halves.
Conclusion: Microneedling alone and combined with Insulin effectively treats atrophic acne scars.
Co-Loading Versus Pre-Loading for Preventing Post-Spinal Hypotension in Caesarean Section
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Tayyab , Ali Rao  , Muhammad Nasir Saeed  , Tasneem Alam  , Azmat Riaz  , Hira Ahmad
Published: May 2024

Objective: To compare the frequency of post-spinal anaesthesia hypotension occurring with co-loading versus pre-loading in patients undergoing caesarean section.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Pak-Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Sep 2020 to Mar 2021.
Methodology: A total of 70 patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section and meeting the sample selection criteria were included. Patients with emergency procedures or a history of blood pressure disorders were excluded. Patients in Group-A underwent co-loading with ringer lactate, while patients in Group-B underwent pre-loading. All participants had their systolic and diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure measured at the time of anaesthesia induction and then at 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes post anaesthesia induction.
Results: There was difference in mean systolic pressure at 10 and 15 minutes, p=0.001 and p=0.027, respectively. The difference in diastolic blood pressure was only significant at 10 minutes, p=0.001. While, mean arterial pressures were significantly higher at 10 and 15 minutes with co-loading, p<0.001 and p=0.019, respectively.Conclusion: Co-loading is associated with less frequency of post-spinal hypotension than pre-loading and may be employed as a standard practice pre-operatively with spinal anaesthesia.
Sharing the Experience of Two Hundred Patients in A Novel Cochlear Implant Programme At Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Raza Sayed Nusrat , Hakim Abdul , Niazi Kashif Obaid Khan , Ahmed Shakeel , Khokhar Riaz Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Objective: To share our experience of difficulties encountered while implanting different types of cochlear implants and ascertain the affordability of cochlear implant surgery among the Pakistani population to treat sensorineural hearing loss in a novel cochlear implant programme.
Study Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of ENT, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Apr 2017 to May 2021.
Methodology: The study included patients who underwent cochlear implant surgeries. Patient demographics and causes of deafness, were collected. Intraoperative difficulties were encountered, and round window accessibility was also recorded.
Results: Out of 200 patients, 112(56%) were males, while 88(44%) were females. 193(96.5%) patients were pre-lingual under 12 years of age, while post-lingual patients were 7(3.5%) and were adults. Cochlear implants from Med-El 186(93%), Cochlear 2(1%) and Advance Bionic 1(0.5%) were implanted through a transmastoid, facial recess approach, while Neubio 11(5.5%) was implanted through a postauricular transcanal approach. Congenital deafness with consanguinity was the leading cause of deafness, while round window variation was the most frequently encountered surgical challenge.
Conclusion: In developing countries, financial restraints cause delays in surgery, leading to limited access to cochlear implant programmes. Surgical challenges are frequently encountered during surgery, and better understanding is required for easy implantation.
Significance of Serological Markers in Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Infection: 2021 Outbreak
Authors: Saifullah Khan Niazi  , Aymen Bibi  , Eijaz Ghani  , Ali Rathore  , Hussain Hammad , Hina Hammad
Published: May 2024

Objective: To highlight the significance of Dengue anti-IgM and Dengue NS1 antigen in diagnosing Acute Dengue infection.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Virology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep to Nov 2021.
Methodology: One hundred and fifty Dengue NS1-positive patients of either gender with age≥5 years were included. ELISA tested patients for detection of Dengue anti-IgM antibody. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and personal data of each patient.
Results: Out of 150 dengue NS1 positive samples, 26(17%) were positive for dengue anti-IgM. In collected samples, Dengue serological markers (NS1 and anti-IgM) positivity was observed based on ‘the day of onset of symptoms. On days 1 and 2, 54 and 44 NS1 positive samples were collected, respectively, but no one was found positive for anti-IgM. Anti-IgM was detected on day-3 and onwards. 27% Dengue anti-IgM positivity was found on day-3, which increased gradually as the time of infection increased. On day four, it was 53%; on day 5, it was 55%; on day-6, it was 60%; on day 7, it was 75%; and on day 8, it was 100%.
Conclusions: The findings of present study suggested that anti-Dengue IgM antibodies are less significant than the Dengue NS1 antigen in diagnosing acute dengue infection.
Does Gestational Thrombocytopenia and Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Warrant Hospital Admission?
Authors: Ellahi Ayesha , Ayesha Nayyar  , Maham Arshad  , Wasiullah Khan  , Afnan Naeem  , Warda Furqan
Published: May 2024

Objective: To determine the severity of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy and manage gestational thrombocytopenia patients in the outpatient department in order to reduce the economic burden on hospitals.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology, Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Combined Military Hospital and Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Oct 2018 to Oct 2019.
Methodology: The sample population included ninety pregnant females with platelet count <150x109/l. Blood samples were analyzed for complete blood count, peripheral blood smear, manual count by improved Neubauer chamber, serum uric acid, urinary proteins, liver function tests (bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase), lactate dehydrogenase, coagulation profile and viral serology (hepatitis B & C).
Results: Out of 90 thrombocytopenic pregnant females, gestational thrombocytopenia was most common, (86, 95.5%), while immune thrombocytopenic purpura was detected in 4(4.5%) patients. Mild thrombocytopenia was frequently observed in patients of gestational thrombocytopenia (59, 68.6%), and severe thrombocytopenia was mostly detected in patients of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (3, 75.0%). About 58(64.4%) of these patients were hospitalized, irrespective of the cause of thrombocytopenia.
Conclusion: Mild thrombocytopenia was commonly observed in gestational thrombocytopenia, and severe thrombocytopenia was usually diagnosed in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Gestational thrombocytopenia is frequent in pregnancy and does not require hospitalization. In contrast, patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura require rational hospitalization for appropriate and judicious management for the safety of the mother and fetus.
Discovering Relation Population: The Gamification Design for Digital Placemaking in the Neighbourhood
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Lun , Turner Ming
Published: May 2024

This paper proposed the gamification design regarding the local characteristics of Snail Alley in Tainan, Taiwan, so that users could understand local features and take part in community affairs. Snail Oasis embraced the idea of the relation population (i.e., people who are not residents but have relations with a specific place) for inviting non-residents to contribute to the place. The research conducted semi-structured interviews to get feedback from Snail Oasis. The results showed that Snail Oasis has the potential to motivate users’ extrinsic motivation in terms of raising their interests in Snail Alley and suggested a way to utilise people’s intrinsic motivation when they have chances to contribute to the place. The research concluded that the integration of digital gamification helped attract visitors and highlighted the importance of cooperating with localities to come up with creative community activities and keep the communication channels with potential relation populations.
The Strength of Proof of Letter C in Civil Cases at the Ponorogo Court
Authors: Putri Febrianawati Nita , Suryono Arier , Subekti Rahayu
Published: May 2024

This research discusses the evidentiary power of Letter C certificates which are used as evidence in civil disputes in accordance with statutory regulations and jurisprudence. This research uses an empirical juridical method by examining a legal rule and then linking it to the reality in the field. The results of this research are that Letter C can be used as evidence in civil cases in court because Letter C is one of the first pieces of evidence that a person registers land with the National Land Agency to be used as evidence of an Authentic Deed in the form of a certificate. The author concludes that the judge's consideration granted the land ownership dispute in accordance with applicable regulations. The author's suggestion is for the community to convention their land rights so that they are in accordance with applicable regulations. The purpose of converting is so that the land owned has a strong legal basis. If it is not converted or registered there will be a big chance of a dispute occurring.
Manajemen Bandwidth Jaringan Menggunakan Router Mikrotik RB941 Berbasis Queue Tree di Laboratorium Komputer SMKN 3 Payakumbuh
Authors: Ningsih Sri , Musril Hari Antoni , Khairuddin Khairuddin , Okra Riri
Published: May 2024

Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengatasi tantangan manajemen bandwidth yang dihadapi di laboratorium komputer di SMKN 3 Payakumbuh. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) yang mengikuti model pengembangan PPDIOO (Prepare Plan Design Implement Operate Optimize). Pengukuran bandwidth dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu sebelum implementasi queue tree dan setelah implementasi. Pengukuran awal menunjukkan kecepatan download sebesar 44,28 Mbps dan kecepatan upload 34,26 Mbps. Namun setelah penerapan queue tree terjadi penurunan kecepatan yang cukup signifikan, dengan kecepatan download turun menjadi 7 Mbps dan kecepatan upload turun menjadi 1 Mbps. Pengukuran bandwidth dilakukan dengan menggunakan network speedtest. Untuk menilai validitas, praktikalitas, dan efektivitas produk, dilakukan serangkaian pengujian. Uji validitas yang melibatkan tiga orang ahli komputer menghasilkan skor sebesar 0,89 yang termasuk dalam kategori valid. Uji praktikalitas melibatkan lima orang praktisi, menghasilkan skor 0,89 dan dikategorikan praktis. Terakhir, uji efektivitas yang melibatkan 30 orang penilai menghasilkan skor 0,96 yang menunjukkan bahwa produk sangat efektif.
Implementasi Algoritma K-Means Clustering Dalam Klasterisasi Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Jawa Barat Berdasarkan Faktor Pemicu Stunting Pada Balita
Authors: Amalia Marwa Fadlila , Arianto Dede Brahma
Published: May 2024

Stunting merupakan kondisi pertumbuhan serta perkembangan seorang balita yang mengalami kegagalan jika dibandingkan dengan umur yang semestinya. Pada hakikatnya, untuk mempermudah melihat karakteristik faktor pemicu balita stunting di suatu wilayah dapat dilakukan proses klasterisasi. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelompokkan wilayah kabupaten/kota Provinsi Jawa barat berdasarkan faktor pemicu balita stunting dengan metode silhouette sebagai metode penentu jumlah cluster optimumnya serta mengetahui karakteristik pada setiap cluster-nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metode silhouette dapat membantu algoritma k-means dalam proses pengelompokan kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat, dihasilkan 3 cluster sebagai cluster optimum dengan nilai silhouette yang sekitar 0,37. Karakteristik kondisi rumah tangga terhadap akses sanitasi layak yang relatif tinggi dimiliki oleh cluster 1 dengan 6 wilayah kabupaten/kota dan cluster 2 dengan 11 wilayah kabupaten/kota. Sedangkan cluster 3 dengan 10 wilayah kabupaten/kota ini memiliki karakteristik persentase bayi menerima inisiasi menyusui dini yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan faktor lainnya.
Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir (Paxlovid)
Authors: CADTH
Published: May 2024

CADTH recommends that Paxlovid be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults with positive results of direct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral testing and who are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death, if certain conditions are met.
Paxlovid should only be covered to treat patients who have severe or moderate immunosuppression as described in Table 1. Treatment should be initiated as soon as possible within 5 days of symptom onset.
Paxlovid should only be reimbursed if the cost is reduced.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ANÁLISE DE SOBREVIDA PARA OS ESTUDOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS E DE SAÚDE
Authors: Honorato Marcos Manoel , Amorim Samuel Oliveira de , Honorato Lorena Guimarães Ferreira , Oliveira Sheyla Mara Silva de , Cremaschi Renata Maria de Carvalho , Coelho Fernando Morgadinho Santos
Published: May 2024

Os estudos epidemiológicos e de saúde são muito versáteis e exigem metodologias que se adequem aos propósitos de cada pesquisa. A análise de sobrevida  é um conjunto de procedimentos metodológicos que podem ser de grande utilidade para se avaliar desfechos e fatores a ele relacionados ao longo do tempo. Embora seja mais utilizada em estudos oncológicos, destacamos neste estudo a utilização em outras áreas, como economia e educação. Através de técnicas paramétricas e não paramétricas, torna-se possível mensurar a ocorrência de evento e o impacto das variáveis explicativas para o desfecho. As curvas de Kaplan-Meier são de fácil compreensão e os testes  de Log-rank, Tarone-Ware e Gehan-Breslow são importantes para confirmar se existe diferença estatisticamente significativa entre grupos analisados. Abordamos também as medidas de análise de risco, como hazard rate e hazard rate ratio, que são importantes para quantificar a probabilidade de ocorrência de eventos em diferentes grupos. Discutimos os modelos de Cox e de Weibull, ferramentas úteis para avaliar o papel de um conjunto de variáveis explicativas no desfecho no tempo. O artigo é um ensaio teórico que explica de forma clara e objetiva as bases teóricas para a utilização dessa metodologia e sugere uma maior difusão sobre o assunto no ensino de graduação e pós-graduação.
IMPORTÂNCIA DO DIAGNÓSTICO PRECOCE AUTISTA
Authors: Oliveira Mirian Simões de , Silva Elias Alves da
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho se trata sobre a importância do diagnóstico autista, pois ainda é encontrado muitas dificuldades na identificação precoce do transtorno do espectro autista, de acordo seja diagnosticado tardiamente é possível que isso prejudique e tenha sérios danos ao autista. O diagnóstico do autismo em si, é uma quebra de expectativas de futuro para os pais. Portanto não somente, com o passar dos anos causa alterações na estrutura familiar, já que esta deve sempre auxiliar o individuo até em tarefas simples. O Autismo também conhecido como Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), é uma condição neurológica que afeta a comunicação social, a interação social e o comportamento de uma pessoa. Tenho o laudo nas primeiras fases da vida, é possível evitar que aja agravamento, através de tratamento adequado amenizando causas e prejuízos significativos. Nos casos de descoberta tardia, ou seja, início da fase adulta em diante, a interação social é o fator chave, e nos casos de 1ª infância, em sua maioria, tem o sentimento de insegurança, medo e tristeza, nos casos tardia sentem alívio. Por fim, o tema proposto buscou analisar e avaliar como é a descoberta do diagnóstico autista. O estudo é uma pesquisa bibliográfica.
Impact of Bias on the Scholar-Practitioner's Doctoral Journey
Authors: Rodriguez López Laura M.
Published: May 2024

This essay discusses the utilization of safeguard strategies, particularly Improvement Science principles, in the academic and professional writing of scholar-practitioners within EdD programs. These strategies bridge the gap between theory and practice, enabling graduate students to apply their scholarly insights meaningfully. The essay highlights the roles of bias, professional wisdom, positionality, and reflexivity in inquiry, empowering scholar-practitioners to develop authentic solutions to the problems of practice they encounter. Drawing on the recommendations of Perry and colleagues (2020), the essay emphasizes rigorous data collection, explicit theoretical frameworks, evidence of impact on practice, and transparent mitigation of biases. Strategies such as positionality and reflexivity statements, adoption of Improvement Science as a conceptual framework, critical questions as safeguards, and engagement with critical friend groups (CFG) enhance the integrity and rigor of scholar-practitioners' inquiries. By implementing these measures, scholar-practitioners foster a robust examination of problems of practice and contribute to the advancement of knowledge.