bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eosinophilic airway inflammation: role in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: George Leena , Brightling Christopher E.
Published: October 2015

The chronic lung diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are common affecting over 500 million people worldwide and causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Asthma is typically associated with Th2-mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation, in contrast to neutrophilic inflammation observed commonly in COPD. However, there is increasing evidence that the eosinophil might play an important role in 10–40% of patients with COPD. Consistently in both asthma and COPD a sputum eosinophilia is associated with a good response to corticosteroid therapy and tailored strategies aimed to normalize sputum eosinophils reduce exacerbation frequency and severity. Advances in our understanding of the multistep paradigm of eosinophil recruitment to the airway, and the consequence of eosinophilic inflammation, has led to the development of new therapies to target these molecular pathways. In this article we discuss the mechanisms of eosinophilic trafficking, the tools to assess eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma and COPD during stable disease and exacerbations and review current and novel anti-eosinophilic treatments.
Testing Inferences about American Politics: A Review of the “Oligarchy” Result
Authors: Bashir Omar S
Published: October 2015

In a well-publicized study, Gilens and Page argue that economic elites and business interest groups exert strong influence on US government policy while average citizens have virtually no influence at all. Their conclusions are drawn from a model which is said to reveal the causal impact of each group’s preferences. It is shown here that the test on which the original study is based is prone to underestimating the impact of citizens at the 50th income percentile by a wide margin. In addition, descriptive analysis of the authors’ dataset reveals that average Americans have received their preferred policy outcome roughly as often as elites have when the two groups have disagreed with each other. Evidence that average citizens are effectively ignored by the policy process may not be as strong as is suggested by the authors.
Barriers to Implementing a Reporting and Learning Patient Safety System
Authors: Pohlman Katherine A. , Carroll Linda , Hartling Lisa , Tsuyuki Ross T. , Vohra Sunita
Published: October 2015

A reporting and learning system is a method of monitoring the occurrence of incidents that affect patient safety. This cross-sectional survey asked pediatric chiropractors about factors that may limit their participation in such a system. The list of potential barriers for participation was developed using a systematic approach. All members of the 2 pediatric councils associated with US national chiropractic organizations were invited to complete the survey (N = 400). The cross-sectional survey was created using an online survey tool (REDCap) and sent directly to member emails addressed by the respective executive committees. Of the 400 potential respondents, 81 responded (20.3%). The most common limitations to participating were identified as time pressure (96%) and patient concerns (81%). Reporting and learning systems have been utilized to increase safety awareness in many high-risk industries. To be successful, future patient safety studies with pediatric chiropractors need to ensure these barriers are understood and addressed.
A characterization of Smyth complete quasi-metric spaces via Caristi’s fixed point theorem
Authors: Romaguera Salvador , Tirado Pedro
Published: October 2015

We obtain a quasi-metric generalization of Caristi’s fixed point theorem for a kind of complete quasi-metric spaces. With the help of a suitable modification of its proof, we deduce a characterization of Smyth complete quasi-metric spaces which provides a quasi-metric generalization of the well-known characterization of metric completeness due to Kirk. Some illustrative examples are also given. As an application, we deduce a procedure which allows to easily show the existence of solution for the recurrence equation of certain algorithms.
SHBG-C57BL/ksJ-db/db: A New Mouse Model to Study SHBG Expression and Regulation During Obesity Development
Authors: Saéz-López Cristina , Rivera-Giménez Marta , Hernández Cristina , Simó Rafael , Selva David M.
Published: October 2015

Low plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels in overweight individuals are a biomarker for the metabolic syndrome and are predictive of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. There are no in vivo models to study SHBG expression and regulation during obesity development. The main reason for this is that the obesity-prone rodent models cannot be used to study this issue, because rodents, unlike humans, do not express the SHBG gene in their livers. We have developed a unique mouse model that expresses the human SHBG, and it develops obesity, by crossing the human SHBG transgenic mice with the C57BL/ksJ-db/db mice. The results obtained with the SHBG-C57BL/ksJ-db/db mouse model have allowed us to determine that the SHBG overexpression in the C57BL/ksJ-db/db reduced the body weight gain but did not change the metabolic profile of these mice. Moreover, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms and transcription factors causing the SHBG down-regulation during obesity development, which involved changes in liver hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, these results were confirmed using human liver biopsies. Importantly, we also showed that this model resembles what occurs in human obese subjects, because plasma SHBG and total testosterone levels where reduced in obese mice when compared with lean mice. Future research using this unique mouse model will determine the role of SHBG in the development and progression of obesity, type 2 diabetes, or fatty liver disease.
A developmental framework for induced pluripotency
Authors: Takahashi Kazutoshi , Yamanaka Shinya
Published: October 2015

During development, cells transition from a pluripotent to a differentiated state, generating all the different types of cells in the body. Development is generally considered an irreversible process, meaning that a differentiated cell is thought to be unable to return to the pluripotent state. However, it is now possible to reprogram mature cells to pluripotency. It is generally thought that reprogramming is accomplished by reversing the natural developmental differentiation process, suggesting that the two mechanisms are closely related. Therefore, a detailed study of cell reprogramming has the potential to shed light on unexplained developmental mechanisms and, conversely, a better understanding of developmental differentiation can help improve cell reprogramming. However, fundamental differences between reprogramming processes and multi-lineage specification during early embryonic development have also been uncovered. In addition, there are multiple routes by which differentiated cells can re-enter the pluripotent state. In this Review, we discuss the connections and disparities between differentiation and reprogramming, and assess the degree to which reprogramming can be considered as a simple reversal of development.
Cell type-specific translational repression of Cyclin B during meiosis in males
Authors: Baker Catherine Craig , Gim Byung Soo , Fuller Margaret T.
Published: October 2015

The unique cell cycle dynamics of meiosis are controlled by layers of regulation imposed on core mitotic cell cycle machinery components by the program of germ cell development. Although the mechanisms that regulate Cdk1/Cyclin B activity in meiosis in oocytes have been well studied, little is known about the trans-acting factors responsible for developmental control of these factors in male gametogenesis. During meiotic prophase in Drosophila males, transcript for the core cell cycle protein Cyclin B1 (CycB) is expressed in spermatocytes, but the protein does not accumulate in spermatocytes until just before the meiotic divisions. Here, we show that two interacting proteins, Rbp4 and Fest, expressed at the onset of spermatocyte differentiation under control of the developmental program of male gametogenesis, function to direct cell type- and stage-specific repression of translation of the core G2/M cell cycle component cycB during the specialized cell cycle of male meiosis. Binding of Fest to Rbp4 requires a 31-amino acid region within Rbp4. Rbp4 and Fest are required for translational repression of cycB in immature spermatocytes, with Rbp4 binding sequences in a cell type-specific shortened form of the cycB 3′ UTR. Finally, we show that Fest is required for proper execution of meiosis I.
The small leucine-rich repeat secreted protein Asporin induces eyes in Xenopus embryos through the IGF signalling pathway
Authors: Luehders Kristin , Sasai Noriaki , Davaapil Hongorzul , Kurosawa-Yoshida Maiko , Hiura Hitoshi , Brah Tara , Ohnuma Shin-ichi
Published: October 2015

Small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) family proteins play important roles in a number of biological events. Here, we demonstrate that the SLRP family member Asporin (ASPN) plays a crucial role in the early stages of eye development in Xenopus embryos. During embryogenesis, ASPN is broadly expressed in the neuroectoderm of the embryo. Overexpression of ASPN causes the induction of ectopic eyes. By contrast, blocking ASPN function with a morpholino oligonucleotide (ASPN-MO) inhibits eye formation, indicating that ASPN is an essential factor for eye development. Detailed molecular analyses revealed that ASPN interacts with insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR) and is essential for activating the IGF receptor-mediated intracellular signalling pathway. Moreover, ASPN perturbed the Wnt, BMP and Activin signalling pathways, suggesting that ASPN thereby creates a favourable environment in which the IGF signal can dominate. ASPN is thus a novel secreted molecule essential for eye induction through the coordination of multiple signalling pathways.
Photoreceptor cell fate specification in vertebrates
Authors: Brzezinski Joseph A. , Reh Thomas A.
Published: October 2015

Photoreceptors – the light-sensitive cells in the vertebrate retina – have been extremely well-characterized with regards to their biochemistry, cell biology and physiology. They therefore provide an excellent model for exploring the factors and mechanisms that drive neural progenitors into a differentiated cell fate in the nervous system. As a result, great progress in understanding the transcriptional network that controls photoreceptor specification and differentiation has been made over the last 20 years. This progress has also enabled the production of photoreceptors from pluripotent stem cells, thereby aiding the development of regenerative medical approaches to eye disease. In this Review, we outline the signaling and transcription factors that drive vertebrate photoreceptor development and discuss how these function together in gene regulatory networks to control photoreceptor cell fate specification.
Global analysis of physical and functional RNA targets of hnRNP L reveals distinct sequence and epigenetic features of repressed and enhanced exons
Authors: Cole Brian S. , Tapescu Iulia , Allon Samuel J. , Mallory Michael J. , Qiu Jinsong , Lake Robert J. , Fan Hua-Ying , Fu Xiang-Dong , Lynch Kristen W.
Published: October 2015

HnRNP L is a ubiquitous splicing-regulatory protein that is critical for the development and function of mammalian T cells. Previous work has identified a few targets of hnRNP L-dependent alternative splicing in T cells and has described transcriptome-wide association of hnRNP L with RNA. However, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of hnRNP L on mRNA expression remains lacking. Here we use next-generation sequencing to identify transcriptome changes upon depletion of hnRNP L in a model T-cell line. We demonstrate that hnRNP L primarily regulates cassette-type alternative splicing, with minimal impact of hnRNP L depletion on transcript abundance, intron retention, or other modes of alternative splicing. Strikingly, we find that binding of hnRNP L within or flanking an exon largely correlates with exon repression by hnRNP L. In contrast, exons that are enhanced by hnRNP L generally lack proximal hnRNP L binding. Notably, these hnRNP L-enhanced exons share sequence and context features that correlate with poor nucleosome positioning, suggesting that hnRNP may enhance inclusion of a subset of exons via a cotranscriptional or epigenetic mechanism. Our data demonstrate that hnRNP L controls inclusion of a broad spectrum of alternative cassette exons in T cells and suggest both direct RNA regulation as well as indirect mechanisms sensitive to the epigenetic landscape.
Case Report: Severe non-immune mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with acute hepatitis B and E co-infection in a patient with normal G6PD levels
Authors: Wang Michael , Yap Florence , Joynt Gavin
Published: October 2015

Severe non-immune mediated haemolytic anaemia (HA) rarely occurs in acute viral hepatitis, unless patients have underlying red cell enzyme abnormalities or pre-existing liver disease. We report such a case and provide a summary of other available cases to date.

Overall, young and fit patients suffering from acute viral hepatitis seem to be affected. Several viral subtypes have been associated, although we report the first hepatitis B and E co-infection case. It seems to occur when patients are recovering from hepatitis and the disease course is variable. The degree of anaemia is always severe, and is inevitably associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Several theories exist with regard to its aetiology, including the disruption of erythrocyte metabolism. Although its optimal treatment strategies remain unclear, some evidence suggests a possible role for steroid therapy.
Psychological Determinants of Project Team´s Risk Propensity
Authors: �������  , Tishchenko Olga
Published: October 2015

Today, despite the elaborate risk management plans, a significant number of projects are not successful. This suggests that risk management cannot be regarded as performing chains of actions in the sequence defined by standards. It is important to take into account the internal and external environment in which risk management will be carried out, that is, to take into account the context of risk management. At the same time, because the external environment cannot be affected by the manager, it is especially important to focus on internal conditions, including the project team risk propensity, which causes its behavior in situations of risk. However, the definition of risk propensity by direct methods is not always possible, due to which there is a need to define this parameter indirectly. The work is dedicated to the identification of the project team member�s specific personality traits, on the basis of which it is possible to make an assumption about the risk propensity. The research identified four psychological types of project team members, varying in their method of decision-making and risk propensity, respondent belonging to one of which can be assumed basing on the data about the level of its self and emotional stability. Using this data, the project manager can form a team with the level risk propensity, which is required in the specific project.
Questions of Quality Control in Audit Activity
Authors: Массарыгина  , Massarygina V.
Published: October 2015

The article treats the problems of quality control of auditing in Russia. Author emphasizes the forms, objects and

results of quality control of auditing in Russia.
Quality Control of Internal Audit in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Ахмеджанов  , Akhmedzhanov K.
Published: October 2015

Th e article describes the monitoring system of audit quality of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the main

techniques used for checking and improving the quality of internal audit.
Peculiarities of accounting and financial reports of small-scale enterprises
Authors: Семенова  , Semenova Nataliya
Published: October 2015

The article had given the order to form of accounting policy and taxing policy of small-scale enterprises,

introduced the primary costs haven’t taken into form of tax base on singe tax, described the main procedures before

execution financial reports and the variants of their, examined manners of errors correction in financial reports of smallscale

enterprises.
Reorganization of legal entities by merger
Authors: Миславская  , Mislavskaya N.
Published: October 2015

Despite the fact that the reorganization through merger is one of the most common ways to reform and change

the format of the financial and economic activity of the organizations, the number of issues related to the conduct of the

process is not reduced.

The article discusses stages of organizational and legal aspects of the merger, given the mandatory procedural matters,

without which can not do any one legal person in the course of this type of reorganization. It is also a practical example

explains the methodology and peculiarities of the accounting reporting joining organizations and the successor.
Customer focus in the development strategy of banking services
Authors: Лосева  , Loseva N. , Козлов  , Kozlov A.
Published: October 2015

The article examines the client-oriented approach in the development strategy of banking services. Customer

focus in banking based on price competition and is one of the criteria for the competitive position of the credit institution.

The main activity of the bank is a customer service organization providing a full range of services designed to meet the

needs of the client.
Defence Industry Complex of the Russian Federation in Realities of Our Time
Authors: Военкова  , Voenkova N.
Published: October 2015

The present article is devoting to the modern condition, prospects of development of defence industry complex of

Russia, the competitiveness of its products, both positive and negative trends of the sector.
Critical Path Method That We Do Not Know: History, Evolution, Perspective
Authors: �������  , Tsarkov Igor
Published: October 2015

For the first time in Russian literature, this paper researches the history of

Critical Path Method, its evolution, existing problems and anomalies that

can arise in any real project. The paper also proposes to modify existing

calculations of early and late starts and finishes, as well as activity slacks.
Facilitators & barriers to organic waste and phosphorus re-use in Montreal
Authors: Metson Geneviève S. , Bennett Elena M.
Published: October 2015

Cities have the capacity to play a key role in resource and pollution management through their decisions about organic waste. Often overlooked, but nevertheless essential, is the role that cities can play in increasing phosphorus (P) recycling because cities are consumers of large amounts of P-dense food and producers of vast amounts of P-rich waste. Most cities do not take advantage of this potential, seeing P as simply another part of organic waste to be disposed of elsewhere. For example, in Montreal, Canada, only 6% of P in waste is currently recycled. We used semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (19), participant observation (over 1.5 years), and document review to identify key barriers and facilitators for Montreal to achieve a high level of organic waste recycling through composting. We found that a provincial law mandating 100% recycling of organic matter has great potential to facilitate increased P recycling. However, lack of a shared vision about the role of government, private sector, and citizens in producing high quality compost from waste products is a barrier that inhibits this potential. Cultural inertia, lack of knowledge, and lack of infrastructure also act as barriers to increasing composting in Montreal. Urban agriculture could be a means to overcome some of these barriers as it currently benefits from strong citizen support and is both a consumer and producer of compost. However limited access to potential garden space and training and diversity in desired fertilizer qualities among gardeners somewhat limit this potential. Investing in increasing social capital, and specifically in connecting urban agriculture to waste management objectives, and in linking key stakeholders to co-create shared visions about how to produce high quality compost may act as a stepping stone towards increasing Montreal citizens’ knowledge about, and support for, increasing organic waste and thus P recycling.
Research Roundup
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: October 2015

In this special edition of Research Roundup, Helen Cowan takes a fresh look at research into atrial fibrillation (AF), inspired by recent guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Up-to-date statistics on AF incidence, and lifestyle and drug treatment research are considered
Mesotherapy for facial rejuvenation: indications and injection techniques
Authors: Cushing Pam
Published: October 2015

Evidence has broadened the aesthetic nurses's understanding of the factors that influence ageing, skin cell function, cell-to-cell interaction, and intermolecular transport and communication. This has stimulated an interest in the application of mesotherapy, a technique involving micro-injections to the papillary dermis, using active and essential ingredients which directly stimulate fibroblast cells. Clinical experience supports the technique as a simple, safe, cost-effective and well-tolerated treatment modality performed by suitably trained practitioners who follow safe injection practice with appropriate aseptic techniques.
Striving for beauty in Colombia: a low-cost, high-status affair
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: October 2015

With both surgical and non-surgical cosmetic procedures on the rise worldwide, aesthetic nursing is becoming an increasingly popular profession. In this series, Aysha Mendes examines aesthetic nursing practices and cultural perceptions of beauty across the globe by focusing on a different country every month. This article covers how the foundations of modern Colombian society have made beauty a status symbol
Dermal fillers: managing the risks associated with a popular cosmetic procedure
Authors: Di-Scala Naomi
Published: October 2015

Dermal fillers were one of the world's first cosmetic procedures developed for medical purposes. As a minimally invasive procedure, it is continually being developed as new formulas are created. With this in mind, are the risks associated with new products worth the potential cost to a patient's appearance? Naomi Di-Scala explores the increase in the need for dermal fillers to be surgically removed
Supreme Court decision on consent law has implications for aesthetic practitioners
Authors: Luckman Mandy
Published: October 2015

In today's consumer-driven society, patients are becoming increasingly autonomous. The recent case of Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board has shed new light on the concept of informed consent and has important implications for all health professionals, including aesthetic practitioners. In this month's legal column, Mandy Luckman outlines the key facts of the game-changing case
Financial planning, leasing equipment and budgeting for clinic maintenance
Authors: Smith Victoria
Published: October 2015

Providing clients with a high-quality service requires attention to detail, not only in keeping a close eye on preventing treatment-related complications, but also in budgeting appropriately. This month, Victoria Smith looks at five main considerations for aesthetic clinics—social, legal, economic, political and technological—when making purchasing decisions and planning ahead
‘Seeing a client's transformation after their treatment journey is what motivates me’
Authors: Zadah Kate
Published: October 2015

In medical aesthetics, establishing and running a successful clinic is not just about delivering high-quality treatments—having business acumen and a nose for the latest trends is key to setting your business apart from the rest. In this practice management series, PR professional Kate Zadah interviews clinic managers from all over the UK to find out about each practice's successes and struggles
The witch hunt is alive and well, to the detriment of many nurses' reputations
Authors: Collier Helena
Published: October 2015

Recently published guidelines from the Nursing and Midwifery Council on the use of social media and networking sites state that nurses' behaviour should uphold the standards of their profession at all times. However, despite clear guidance from the nursing regulator, many nurses are acting inappropriately and even, in Helena Collier's opinion, creating fake profiles in order to post negative comments anonymously
Laser tattoo removal: an overview of ink fragmentation and elimination
Authors: Butler Tracy
Published: October 2015

Laser tattoo removal is increasingly being sought by individuals for the removal of amateur, professional, cosmetic, medicinal and traumatic tattoos. Tracy Butler evaluates the effectiveness of Q-switched lasers for the eradication of tattoo ink, discusses potential treatment-related side effects and adverse events, and describes the processes of ink fragmentation and elimination
Fractionated photothermolysis and its role in laser skin resurfacing
Authors: Millar-Hume Lucy
Published: October 2015

Non-invasive surgical procedures are available to treat a variety of skin complaints, as well as skin ageing. Due to advances in technology over the past four decades, laser resurfacing can compete with and complement procedures such as anti-wrinkle injections, dermal fillers and chemical peels. Lucy Millar-Hume explores different types of laser resurfacing and reflects on two case studies
Royal College of Teaching moves closer, but critics question plans
Authors: Henshaw Pete
Published: October 2015

Founding trustees are appointed and a Royal Charter is donated – but College will have to ‘earn the respect’ of the profession, it is warned
Remarks on an operator Wielandt Inequality
Authors: Zhang Pingping
Published: October 2015

Let A be a positive operator on a Hilbert space H with 0 < m â¤ A â¤ M, and let X and Y be isometries on H such that X*Y = 0, p > 0, and Î¦ be a 2-positive unital linear map. Define Î = (Î¦(X*AY )Î¦(Y*AY )^(â1)Î¦(Y*AX)^p Î¦(X*AX)^(âp). Several upper bounds for (1/2) |Î + Î*| are established. These bounds complement a recent result on the operator Wielandt inequality.
Obesidad visceral, razón masa grasa/masa muscular y dislipidemia aterogénica: estudio transversal realizado en Riobamba, Ecuador
Authors: Nicolalde Cifuentes Tomas Marcelo , Guevara Castillo Mónica Susana , Betancourt Ortiz Sarita Lucila
Published: October 2015

Introducción: La distribución y composición de la masa grasa representa diferentes riesgos metabólicos. La grasa visceral de predominio parda se asocia con factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV), como son: concentraciones elevadas de triglicéridos y apolipoproteína B, mayor colesterol LDL, una relación triglicéridos elevados/colesterol HDL bajo (indicador de dislipidemia aterogénica), resistencia a la insulina, hiperinsulinemia y riesgo cardiovascular (RCV). La sarcopenia y la obesidad pueden actuar de manera sinérgica en los trastornos funcionales y metabólicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre obesidad visceral, relación masa grasa/masa muscular y dislipidemia aterogénica en individuos adultos con la finalidad de conocer los patrones de asociación entre estas variables y establecer estrategias de atención focalizadas.Material y Métodos: En una muestra de 307 sujetos de ambos sexos (21-71 años) se midió dislipidemia aterogénica como la relación de triglicéridos/HDL, la obesidad visceral por bioimpedancia como el puntaje relativo de grasa visceral y la relación masa grasa/masa magra.Resultados: Se realizó un análisis de conglomerados para establecer la estructura de asociación de las variables estudiadas con diferentes grupos de riesgo; así se identificaron 3 grupos: el primero con presencia de obesidad visceral con un promedio de nivel relativo de grasa visceral de 13,6, el segundo grupo con un promedio de 8,9 y en el tercer grupo se ubicaron individuos sin obesidad visceral con un promedio de 6,5 de este valor relativo. En cuanto a la relación masa grasa y masa magra los dos primeros grupos presentaron un promedio similar de este índice con un valor de 1,56 y 1,69 respectivamente y el tercer grupo con un valor promedio de 1,3. El grupo 1 que presentó obesidad visceral y deterioro de la razón masa grasa/masa magra tuvo un valor elevado de la razón triglicéridos/colesterol HDL: 4,1. El grupo 2 sin obesidad visceral y con un deterioro de la relación masa grasa/masa magra tuvo una razón triglicéridos/colesterol HDL de 3,6 y grupo 3 que no registró ni obesidad ni deterioro de la razón masa grasa/masa magra tuvo la razón triglicéridos/colesterol HDL más baja: 1,9.Conclusiones: Se puede decir que la obesidad visceral unida a la disminución de la masa magra relativa o absoluta en relación con la masa grasa representa un alto riesgo por asociarse con dislipidemia aterogénica, resistencia a la insulina y riesgo cardiovascular.
Caracterización morfológica y contenido de almidón resistente y disponible en bananos (Musa sapientum) exportables del Ecuador
Authors: Martínez-Mora Edison Omar
Published: October 2015

Introducción: La investigación tuvo como objetivo fundamental, la caracterización morfológica del almidón nativo de banano (Musa sapientum), contenido en almidón resistente (AR) y disponible (AD), de las variedades de banano de exportación: Cavendish (AC), Filipino (AF), Orito (AO) y Valery (AV).Material y Métodos: Se determinó tamaño y forma del gránulo de almidón a través de microscopia electrónica de barrido. La cuantificación del AR por medición de su fracción no hidrolizada, luego de un ataque de pepsina, y para la fracción del AD un ataque de amilasa pancreática a la fracción no hidrolizada. Se midió la absorbancia de las dos soluciones de AR y AD a 510nm contra el blanco del reactivo.Resultados: El tamaño de los gránulos de almidón de: AF, AV y AC fueron en promedio 28μm y para el AO, de 35μm aproximadamente. La forma que predominó fue la oval esférica. El contenido de AR y AD estuvo en el rango de 49 a 58,5% y de 41 a 50%, respectivamente.Conclusiones: El almidón resistente, análogo de la fibra y útil en la nutrición humana, se presentó en valores importantes en las muestras de las diferentes variedades de banano exportable del Ecuador, alrededor del 54%. Según los resultados, el almidón de banano de las variedades estudiadas puede ser incorporado en la elaboración de alimentos que demanden características funcionales, principalmente por su alto contenido en almidón resistente.
7-oxygenated Derivatives of Dehydroepiandrosterone and Obesity
Authors: Sedláčková B. , Dušátková L. , Zamrazilová H. , Matucha P. , Bičíková M. , Stárka Luboslav
Published: October 2015

7-hydroxy/oxo derivatives of dehydroepiandrosterone are potential regulators of the local cortisol activity due to their competition in the cortisolcortisone balance mediated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. 7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone is marketed as anti-obesity medication, though no clinical study aimed at the benefit of administering 7-oxygenated derivatives of dehydroepiandrosterone has appeared until now. We tried to show whether there exist differences in levels of circulating 7-hydroxy/oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives between lean and obese boys and girls. From a cohort of adolescents investigated within the frame of anti-obesity programme 10 obese boys and 10 obese girls were compared with age-matched lean boys and girls in their anthropometric data, and concentrations of both epimers of 7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone and 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone were determined by the RIA method. The basal levels of 7α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone were significantly higher in obese boys than in lean boys but not in girls. The association was found for anthropometric parameters and 7α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, however again only in boys and not in girls. Higher levels of 7α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone its positive association with anthropometric data in obese boys may serve as a sign that, at least in boys, 7-oxygenated 5-ene-steroids may take part in regulating the hormonal signal for fat formation or distribution.
Homo medium. Problematyka tele- i cybermaniactwa a wychowanie.
Authors: Olczyk Arkadiusz
Published: October 2015

Żyjemy w czasach, w których łatwo dostrzec coraz większy wpływ telewizji, komputera i Internetu na życie człowieka, zwłaszcza na dzieci i młodzież. Niebezpiecznie zwiększa się ilość czasu spędzanego przez nie przed ekranem telewizora i komputera, co prowadzi często do uzależnienia od tych mediów (telemaniactwo, cyberzależność). Fenomen ten niesie ze sobą wiele reperkusji w procesie wychowawczym, gdy kształtuje się sumienie moralne oraz świat wartości. Stąd też pojawiają się nowe wyzwania przed rodzicami i wychowawcami, odpowiedzialnymi za prawidłowy przebieg personalizacji i socjalizacji ich dzieci. Komputer czy telewizja mają charakter ambiwalentny. Mogą służyć dobru, albo mogą degradować osobowo i moralnie. Wszystko zależy od człowieka (homo videns), który z tych mediów korzysta. Trzeba zatem podjąć wysiłek profilaktyki i uświadomienia, by dzieci i młodzież, poruszając się po wirtualnym świecie Internetu, gier i filmów, nie wyalienowały się ze świata realnego, potrafiły mądrze konsumować treści medialne i nie padły ofiarą ich negatywnego oddziaływania na życie.
Czego wierzący może się nauczyć od niewierzącego o moralności?
Authors: Łuków Paweł
Published: October 2015

Etycy i moraliści upatrujący podstaw moralności w religii często twierdzą o swoich kolegach po fachu nie odwołujących się do takich podstaw, że tym ostatnim brakuje solidnego gruntu dla obiektywnie wiążących norm moralnych. Twierdzą też, że skuteczny program wychowania moralnego wymaga kontekstu przekonań religijnych. Artykuł stawia tezę, że moralność jednostki – rozumiana jako całokształt jej działań i postaw – nie mająca podstaw w religii nie jest gorzej ugruntowana od moralności osoby, która taką podstawę posiada. Jest tak dlatego, że ani filozoficzna, ani teologiczna normatywna teoria moralności nie jest podstawą dla działań i postaw jednostek. Źródło zbudowania moralnego znajduje się w praktyce społecznej, na którą składa się między innymi przykład dawany przez wychowawców i inne znaczące osoby, wytwory kultury i praktyka życia politycznego.
Religiose Indifferenz als Herausforderung und Chance. Zur konfessionellen Situation in den neuen Bundeslandern Deutschlands.
Authors: Tiefensee Eberhard
Published: October 2015

W 2004 r. Papieska Rada Kultury wydała dokument Gdzie jest twój Bóg? Wiara chrześcijańska wobec wezwania indyferentyzmu religijnego. W dokumencie tym zwrócono uwagę na dramat duchowy naszych czasów, polegający na cichym odchodzeniu całych grup ludzi od praktyk religijnych i utracie ich związku z wiarą. Sytuacja ta powoduje, że Kościół jest współcześnie bardziej konfrontowany z indyferentyzmem i praktyczną niewiarą niż z ateizmem, który znajduje się w defensywie. W związku z tym jego zadaniem jest poznanie przyczyn i skutków tego zjawiska oraz poszukiwanie właściwych sposobów reagowania. Kwestia ta jest szczególnie aktualnym problemem w nowych krajach związkowych Republiki Federalnej Niemiec.O ile zjawisko ateizmu, które jest rozpowszechniane za pomocą różnych akcji i publikacji oraz jest stosunkowo łatwe do zidentyfikowania, a konfrontacja z nim jest możliwa dzięki całemu arsenałowi argumentów,  to  zjawisko  indyferentyzmu religijnego  stanowi  dla  teologii poważniejszy i bardziej złożony problem, jak dotąd słabo opracowany. Niniejszy artykuł ukazuje zagadnienie indyferentyzmu religijnego z perspektywy nowych krajów związkowych Niemiec. W trzech punktach autor dokonuje charakterystyki zjawiska indyferentyzmu religijnego w Niemczech Wschodnich oraz ukazuje, w jakim sensie może ono być szansą i wezwaniem dla działalności misyjnej Kościoła, przedstawiając możliwe strategie podejścia do niego, zarówno ze strony teologii katolickiej, jak i przepowiadania.
Danzer’s configuration revisited
Authors: Boben Marko , Gévay Gábor , Pisanski Tomaž
Published: October 2015

We revisit the configuration DCD(4) of Danzer, a great inspiration for our work. This configuration of type (354) falls into an in_nite series of geometric point-line configurations DCD(n). Each DCD(n) is characterized combinatorially by having the Kronecker cover over the Odd graph On as its Levi graph. Danzer’s configuration is deeply rooted in Pascal’s Hexagrammum Mysticum. Although the combinatorial configuration is highly symmetric, we conjecture that there are no geometric point-line realizations with 7- or 5-fold rotational symmetry; on the other hand, we found a point-circle realization having the symmetry group D7, the dihedral group of order 14.
Sasaki manifolds with positive transverse orthogonal bisectional curvature
Authors: Huang Hong
Published: October 2015

In this short note we show the following result: Let (M2n+1, g) with n ≥ 2 be a compact Sasaki manifold with positive transverse orthogonal bisectional curvature. Then π1(M) is finite, and the universal cover of (M2n+1, g) is isomorphic to a simple metric on a weighted Sasaki sphere.We also get some results in the case of nonnegative transverse orthogonal bisectional curvature under some additional conditions. This extends recent work of He and Sun. The proof uses the Sasaki-Ricci flow.
Further properties of the Bergman spaces of slice regular functions
Authors: Colombo Fabrizio , González-Cervantes J. Oscar , Sabadini Irene
Published: October 2015

We continue the study of Bergman theory for the class of slice regular functions. In the slice regular setting there are two possibilities to introduce the Bergman spaces, that are called of the first and of the second kind. In this paperwe mainly consider the Bergman theory of the second kind, by providing an explicit description of the Bergman kernel in the case of the unit ball and of the half space. In the case of the unit ball, we study the Bergman-Sce transform. We also show that the two Bergman theories can be compared only if suitableweights are taken into account. Finally,we use the Schwarz reflection principle to relate the Bergman kernel with its values on a complex half plane.
Gradient estimates for the heat equation under the Ricci-harmonic map flow
Authors: Bailesteanu Mihai
Published: October 2015

The paper establishes a series of gradient estimates for positive solutions to the heat equation on a manifold M evolving under the Ricci flow, coupled with the harmonic map flow between M and a second manifold N. We prove Li-Yau type Harnack inequalities and we consider the cases when M is a complete manifold without boundary and when M is compact without boundary.
On the Lefschetz trace formula for Lubin–Tate spaces
Authors: Shen Xu
Published: October 2015

We give a new proof of the Lefschetz trace formula for Lubin-Tate spaces. Our proof is based on the locally finite cell decompositions of these spaces and on Mieda’s version of the Lefschetz trace formula for certain open adic spaces. This proof is rather different from the proofs of Strauch and Mieda, and it might be generalized to other Rapoport-Zink spaces as soon as there exist suitable cell decompositions. For example, in another paper we have proved a Lefschetz trace formula for some unitary group Rapoport-Zink spaces by using similar ideas as here.
Biomedical applications of high gradient magnetic separation: progress towards therapeutic haeomofiltration
Authors: Frodsham George , Pankhurst Quentin A.
Published: October 2015

High gradient magnetic separation is a well-established technology in the mineral processing industry, and has been used for decades in the bioprocessing industry. Less well known is the increasing role that high gradient magnetic separation is playing in biomedical applications, for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We review here the state of the art in this emerging field, with a focus on therapeutic haemofiltration, the key enabling technologies relating to the functionalisation of magnetic nanoparticles with target-specific binding agents, and the development of extra-corporeal circuits to enable the
US Foundations in Brazil and the Funding of the Human Rights Field – Data and Trends from 2003 to 2012
Authors: Nogueira Fernando do Amaral , Alves Mario Aquino , de Mendonça Patricia Maria Emerenciano
Published: October 2015

The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the presence of US philanthropy in Brazil with regards to the field of human rights from 2003 to 2012, using data from the Foundation Center on 1896 grants totaling $336M. Human rights NGOs are especially important in Brazil. Despite recent growth and development, it is a country that still faces many social, political and human rights challenges. But the local field is still largely dependent on international funding, and US foundations play a traditional and vital role in this scenario, thus it is important to understand recent changes on American foundations priorities. The numbers indicate that the US investment in Brazil is concentrated in few areas (environment and human rights account for 50% of the amount invested), and these priorities are clearly different from those in the Brazilian philanthropic agenda (more focused on education, income generation, youth and community development). When we focus on human rights, we must underline that the investment in human rights by American foundations is quite notable. Not only is Brazil the country in which there were more investments in this topic in the last 10 years, but human rights is also the second field of priority in the country, right after Environment. When examining the collected data, there are four large patterns emerging: dependence on big donors, relevance of the strategy of “many small grants”, incipient grants in advocacy and possible existence of thematic niches. Of all these issues, the main challenge is that the field is very dependent on a few very large donors: Ford Foundation, Kellogg Foundation and the Global Fund for Women account for over 65% of the grants and 89% of the amount in US dollars. The Kellogg Foundation has already left Brazil to concentrate on other geographic priorities; should the Ford Foundation take a similar decision, the field of human rights in Brazil might even collapse, since Brazilian donors do not yet demonstrate enthusiasm for the subject.
A quarter century of the Pacific Basin Consortium: looking back to move forward
Authors: Suk William A.
Published: October 2015

The Pacific Basin Consortium (PBC) was formed 25 years ago to address significant public health challenges to vulnerable populations imposed by environmental threats in the region, including areas surrounding the rim of and in the Pacific Ocean. Originally focused on toxic waste pollution, the PBC has broadened its efforts over the years, embracing a health focus and more of a balance between engineering and public health. This move was informed by the PBC’s close relationship with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Superfund Hazardous Substances Basic Research and Training Program (Superfund Research Program, or SRP), which played a dynamic role in the PBC from its early days. In addition, a sub-focus on children’s environmental health emerged, which helped set the agenda for children’s environmental health research in the region. Progress has also been made in reducing harm from some threats, particularly via extensive interventions to remediate arsenic in drinking water in Bangladesh, western Thailand, and Vietnam. However, many of the environmental health problems in the Pacific Basin region persist, including air pollution, inadequate safe drinking water, undernutrition, and a growing electronic waste problem. In the Pacific Basin and elsewhere, people with the lowest incomes often live in areas with the worst pollution. Although it is difficult to implement, dynamic strategic networking efforts are vital to understanding and correcting the inequities that persist in global environmental health. The PBC can help accomplish this by continuing and expanding its work to foster and enhance collaborations and communications between environmental health and engineering investigators and to integrate investigator-initiated research. As the PBC looks forward, there is also a need to exert increased effort to establish and maintain partnerships, to develop community-based primary-care and health services for vulnerable populations, as well as to connect with researchers in the eastern side of the Pacific basin and those in smaller island states.
ChronicIn VivoImaging of Ponto-Cerebellar Mossy Fibers Reveals Morphological Stability during Whisker Sensory Manipulation in the Adult Rat
Authors: Rylkova Daria , Crank Aidan R. , Linden David J.
Published: October 2015

The cerebellum receives extensive disynaptic input from the neocortex via the basal pontine nuclei, the neurons of which send mossy fiber (MF) axons to the granule cell layer of the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. Although this cortico-cerebellar circuit has been implicated in tasks such as sensory discrimination and motor learning, little is known about the potential role of MF morphological plasticity in the function of the cerebellar granule cell layer. To address this issue, we labeled MFs with EGFP via viral infection of the basal pons in adult rats and performedin vivotwo-photon imaging of MFs in Crus I/II of the cerebellar hemisphere over a period of several weeks. Following the acquisition of baseline images, animals were housed in control, enriched, or deprived sensory environments. Morphological dynamics were assessed by tracing MF axons and their terminals, and by tracking the stability of filopodia arising from MF terminal rosettes. MF axons and terminals were found to be remarkably stable. Parameters derived neither from measurements of axonal arbor geometry nor from the morphology of individual rosettes and their filopodial extensions significantly changed under control conditions over 4 weeks of imaging. Increasing whisker stimulation by manipulating the sensory environment or decreasing such stimulation by whisker trimming also failed to alter MF structure. Our studies indicate that pontine MF axons projecting to Crus I/II in adult rats do not undergo significant structural rearrangements over the course of weeks, and that this stability is not altered by the sustained manipulation of whisker sensorimotor experience.
The balance of Id3 and E47 determines neural stem/precursor cell differentiation into astrocytes
Authors: Bohrer Christian , Pfurr Sabrina , Mammadzada Könül , Schildge Sebastian , Plappert Leandra , Hils Miriam , Pous Lauriane , Rauch Katharina S , Dumit Verónica I , Pfeifer Dietmar , Dengjel Jörn , Kirsch Matthias , Schachtrup Kristina , Schachtrup Christian
Published: October 2015

Adult neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs) of the subventricular zone (SVZ) are an endogenous source for neuronal replacement in CNS disease. However, adult neurogenesis is compromised after brain injury in favor of a glial cell fate, which is mainly attributed to changes in the NSPC environment. Yet, it is unknown how this unfavorable extracellular environment translates into a transcriptional program altering NSPC differentiation. Here, we show that genetic depletion of the transcriptional regulator Id3 decreased the number of astrocytes generated from SVZ‐derived adult NSPCs in the cortical lesion area after traumatic brain injury. Cortical brain injury resulted in rapid BMP‐2 and Id3 up‐regulation in the SVZ stem cell niche. Id3−/− adult NSPCs failed to differentiate into BMP‐2‐induced astrocytes, while NSPCs deficient for the Id3‐controlled transcription factor E47 readily differentiated into astrocytes in the absence of BMP‐2. Mechanistically, E47 repressed the expression of several astrocyte‐specific genes in adult NSPCs. These results identify Id3 as the BMP‐2‐induced transcriptional regulator, promoting adult NSPC differentiation into astrocytes upon CNS injury and reveal a molecular link between environmental changes and NSPC differentiation in the CNS after injury.