bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cholinergic Overstimulation Attenuates Rule Selectivity in Macaque Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Major Alex J. , Vijayraghavan Susheel , Everling Stefan
Published: December 2017

Acetylcholine is released in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and is a key modulator of cognitive performance in primates. Cholinergic stimulation has been shown to have beneficial effects on performance of cognitive tasks, and cholinergic receptors are being actively explored as promising targets for ameliorating cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesized that cholinergic stimulation of PFC during performance of a cognitive task would augment neuronal activity and neuronal coding of task attributes. We iontophoretically applied the general cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol onto neurons in dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) of male rhesus macaques performing rule-guided prosaccades and antisaccades, a well established oculomotor task for testing cognitive control. Carbachol application had heterogeneous effects on neuronal excitability, with both excitation and suppression observed in significant proportions. Contrary to our prediction, neurons with rule-selective activity exhibited a reduction in selectivity during carbachol application. Cholinergic stimulation disrupted rule selectivity regardless of whether it had suppressive or excitatory effects on these neurons. In addition, cholinergic stimulation excited putative pyramidal neurons, whereas the activity of putative interneurons remained unchanged. Moreover, cholinergic stimulation attenuated saccade direction selectivity in putative pyramidal neurons due to nonspecific increases in activity. Our results suggest excessive cholinergic stimulation has detrimental effects on DLPFC representations of task attributes. These findings delineate the complexity and heterogeneity of neuromodulation of cerebral cortex by cholinergic stimulation, an area of active exploration with respect to the development of cognitive enhancers.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neurotransmitter acetylcholine is known to be important for cognitive processes in the prefrontal cortex. Removal of acetylcholine from prefrontal cortex can disrupt short-term memory performance and is reminiscent of Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by degeneration of acetylcholine-producing neurons. Stimulation of cholinergic receptors is being explored to create cognitive enhancers for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other psychiatric diseases. Here, we stimulated cholinergic receptors in prefrontal cortex and examined its effects on neurons that are engaged in cognitive behavior. Surprisingly, cholinergic stimulation decreased neurons' ability to discriminate between rules. This work suggests that overstimulation of acetylcholine receptors could disrupt neuronal processing during cognition and is relevant to the design of cognitive enhancers based on stimulating the cholinergic system.
Thinking Birth Differently
Authors: Happel-Parkins Alison , Azim Katharina A.
Published: December 2017

This feminist narrative inquiry discusses the experiences of two women in a metropolitan city in the Midsouth of the United States who each intended to have a drug- and intervention-free childbirth for the birth of their first child. This data came from a larger study that included narratives from six participants. Using Alecia Y. Jackson and Lisa A. Mazzei's concept of “plugging in,” we read and analyzed the data through three feminist theorists: Sara Ahmed, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Susan Bordo. This allowed us to push the limits of intelligibility of women and their narratives, challenging the dominant, medicalized discourses prevalent in the current cultural context of the United States.
Becoming a Bereaved Parent
Authors: Kofod Ester Holte
Published: December 2017

In this essay, I explore the significance of involving personal experiences with loss in my research on parental bereavement. By intersecting autoethnography and findings from a qualitative interview study with bereaved parents following infant loss, I argue that while popular and professional accounts depict normal grief as a transitory state, parental accounts present grief as a continuing and open-ended relationship with the dead child. In acknowledgment of this, I present fragmentary, non-reifying narratives of the continuing realities of becoming a bereaved parent.
HUBUNGAN LINGKUNGAN FISIK DENGAN KEBERADAAN JENTIK AEDES PADA AREA BERVEGETASI POHON PISANG
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Suharyo Suharyo
Published: December 2017

ABSTRAK

Profil Kesehatan Dinas Kota Semarang tahun 2016 menunjukkan bahwa ABJ di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Halmahera 83,00% masih tergolong rendah yaitu masih di bawah target nasional ≥ 95%. Terdapat area dengan vegetasi pohon pisangg yang rapat pada wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pH, volume air, kelembaban dan jenis pohon pisang dengan keberadaan jentik Aedes aegypti di wilayah kerja puskesmas Halmahera Kota Semarang tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional, data primer dan data sekunder diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 100 pelepah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara volume air (p=0,023) dan kelembaban (p=0,0001) dengan keberadaan jentik, serta tidak ada hubungan antara tingkat pH (p=0,153) dan jenis pohon pisang (p=0,493) dengan keberadaan jentik.

Kata kunci : keberadaan jentik, tingkat pH, volume air, kelembaban udara, dan jenis perindukan pohon pisang.

ABSTRACT

Health Profile of Semarang City Office in 2016 told that ABJ (larvae presence free number) in work ​​Halmahera Health Center area was 83.00%. It was below the national target of ≥ 95%. This study purposed to know the relationship between pH level, water volume, humidity and banana tree species with the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in ​​Halmahera Health Center area in 2017. This research used quantitative analytic observational method with cross sectional approach. Data were processed and analyzed using Chi Square test. The samples were 100 midribs. The results showed that there was correlation between water volume (p = 0,023) and humidity (p = 0.0001) with larvae presence, whereas there was no correlation between pH level (p = 0,153) and banana tree species (p = 0,493) larvae presence.

Keywords: presence of larvae, pH level, water volume, humidity, and banana tree species
Failure of a Rock Slope Ten Years after Excavation
Authors: He-Jun Chai  , Jun-Jie Wang  , Jian-Jun Guo  , Ji-Ping Bai
Published: December 2017

In the present study, a rock cut slope in Chongqing of China, which failed suddenly about ten years after excavation, was reported. The survey results after failure indicated that the rock masses of the rock slope were highly fractured and heavily weathered, the critical slip surface was composed of three connected discontinuities from the toe to top of slope. The factors resulting in the failure of rock slope were mainly initial excavation and weathering process. The initial excavation removed original supporting role of the excavated rock masses at the toe of the slope to the upper unexcavated rock masses, and broken the original ground stress balance. The physical and chemical weathering after the initial excavation cracked progressively the rock masses, deteriorated the mechanic properties of the rock masses, and changed the stresses and strains in the rock slope. The stability of high artificial rock slope during operation should be paid attention to. The characteristics of geological structure, unloading induced by excavation, and weathering have important effects on the evolution for deformation of artificial rock high slope.
The effects of nighttime napping on sleep, sleep inertia, and performance during simulated 16 h night work: a pilot study
Authors: Oriyama Sanae , Miyakoshi Yukiko
Published: December 2017

Objectives

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of two naps taken at night on morning waking state and performance.

Methods

The participants were 12 women. The experiment was performed in a laboratory over 2 days (16:00-09:00). In this crossover comparative study, three experimental nap conditions were used (naps from 22:30 to 00:00 and from 02:30 to 03:00 (22:30-NAP), 00:30 to 02:00 and 04:30 to 05:00 (00:30-NAP), and no naps (NO-NAP), respectively). Measurement items were a Visual Analog Scale for sleepiness and fatigue, the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), and single-digit addition calculations (10 min) every hour for 18 h from 16:00 to 09:00, excluding nap times.

Results

Sleep inertia and sleepiness were noted directly after napping. Less sleepiness and fatigue were noted in the nap groups between 06:00 and 09:00 in the morning than in the NO-NAP condition and PVT response times were faster. Since participants in the nap groups were able to conduct more single-digit addition calculations, the performance of these groups appeared to be superior to that of the NO-NAP condition. Furthermore, the performance of calculations was significantly better in the 00:30-NAP than in the 22:30-NAP.

Conclusions

Taking two naps during a simulated night shift helps improve sleepiness and fatigue and maintain performance. Taking a nap in the early morning appears to be promising for improving the waking state.
INDUSTRIAL APPLE POMACE BY-PRODUCTS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF PRO-HEALTH COMPOUNDS IN FUNCTIONAL FOOD
Authors: Kruczek Marek , Gumul Dorota , Kačániová Miroslava , Ivanišhová Eva , Mareček JÃ¡n , Gambuś Halina
Published: December 2017

Apples are widely consumed in all countries. Poland is one of the biggest apple producing country in world and this amount grows from year to year increase. More than half of produced apples is processed which cause occur solid residue called apple pomace. Apple pomace contains may pro-health compounds. Most recent interest has focused on the bioactive phenolic compounds in apple pomace. Several studies have demonstrated that apple pomace compounds possess many biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammation properties. Therefore apple pomace can be a potential source for health food preparations. The purpose of this paper is to review the most recent literature regarding the health benefits of apple pomace.
DETERMINATION OF CAROTENOIDS IN TOMATO PRODUCTS USING VIS/NIR SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: Gawad Saad Abdel , Pék ZoltÃ¡n , Szuvandzsiev PÃ©ter , Hussein Gehad Daood , Helyes Lajos
Published: December 2017

Carotenoids analysis is complicated by their tendency to react with radical species, resulting in oxidative breakdown and isomerization during extraction. Hence, analysis methods should be rapid and avoid unnecessary exposure to high temperature, acids, and so on. The aim of this work to estimate carotenoid contents of processed tomato products non-destructively. The mean values obtained by visible and near-infrared Vis/NIR spectroscopy and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for eight carotenoid contents (ß-carotene, 5-cis lycopene, 13-cis lycopene, 9-cis lycopene, all-trans lycopene, zeaxanthin, lycoxanthin and total carotenoids) in four processed tomato products from five different brands were compared. The carotenoid contents were measured using HPLC, and these results were then used to develop partial least squares regression (PLSR) models to predict carotenoid components from Vis/NIR spectra of the same samples. A good correlation was found between HPLC measurements and the Vis/NIRs (590-790 nm) predictions for ß-carotene (RP2= 0.88), 9-cis lycopene (RP2= 0.86), total carotenoids (RP2= 0.84), 13-cis lycopene (RP2= 0.83), 5-cis lycopene (RP2=0.80), zeaxanthin (RP2= 0.80) to passable for all-trans lycopene (RP2= 0.70), but there was only a poor correlation (RP2= 0.20) for the lycoxanthin component. The overall results indicated that Vis/NIRs could be applied to assess carotenoid contents of different processed tomato products.
FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE OF TOMATO: SCREENING FOR RESISTANCE AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF BOTANICALS FOR CONTROL; THE NIGERIA CASE
Authors: O.  Akaeze Onyekachukwu , O. Aduramigba-Modupe Adefoyeke
Published: December 2017

Fusarium wilt disease of tomato is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and is a limiting factor to tomato production in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to screen tomato varieties commonly cultivated in Nigeria to determine their host resistance status to F. oxysporum, identify fungi species associated with tomato plants showing Fusarium wilt symptoms and the in-vitro evaluation of aqueous and methanol extracts of four botanicals for bioactivity. Symptomatic sample plants were collected from three farms in tomato producing communities of Nigeria. Isolation was done by direct plating method on acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Fungi isolates were identified by cultural and microscopic characteristics. Extracts were prepared and evaluated for bioactivity by agar dilution method. The experiment was laid in a Completely Randomized Design replicated three times. Data were analyzed by descriptive and statistical analysis. Significantly different means were separated using Least Significant Difference at 5% level of significance. Of the nine varieties evaluated, only Tomato Shanty+N showed moderate resistance to F. oxysporum, while others were susceptible. Fungi isolated from symptomatic plants were Colletotrichum spp, Curvularia lunata, Sclerotia rolfsii, Rhizopus spp, Pestalocia macrotrica, Aspergillus spp, and Fusarium oxysporum. Extracts showed bioactivity against F. oxysporum at different concentrations. Methanol as solvent in preparing of Azadirachta indica leaf extract showed the highest inhibitory properties against F. oxysporum at low concentration. This was followed by Morinda lucida and Tagetes erecta at 37.5% and 25% concentration respectively. Tomato shanty+N and low concentration methanol extracts of Azadirachta indica leaf (12.5%) are therefore recommended.
EXPLORING THE MILK-CLOTTING PROPERTIES OF EXTRACTS FROM Bromelia pinguin FRUIT
Authors: Martín Moreno-Hernández JesÃºs , De Jesús Bañuelos Pérez MarÃ­a , Osuna-Ruiz Idalia , Aarón Salazar-Leyva JesÃºs , C. Ramirez-Suarez Juan , Ángel Mazorra-Manzano Miguel
Published: December 2017

Plants represent an attractive source of milk-clotting proteases with potential use for chymosin substitution in cheesemaking process.
A crude enzymatic extract from B. pinguin fruit showed capacity to clot milk efficiently in a short time. It showed a maximum milk-clotting activity around 4 U/mL in the range of 70-80 ºC. This value indicated that one mL of the extract was capable to clot around 400 mL of milk in 40 min at the specified condition. B. pinguin extract presented only 25% of its maximum activity under standard temperature (30-35 ºC) for cheese-making. Proteases inhibitors indicated that cysteine and serine proteases were present in the extract and could be responsible for the milk-clotting activity found. SDS-PAGE analysis of casein hydrolysis indicated that proteases in B. pinguin extract were more proteolytic than chymosin. The high presence of milk-clotting proteases in B. pinguin fruit offers an alternative new source of proteases for biotechnological processes.
NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PEARL MILLET (PENNISETUM GLAUCUM) PRODUCED IN BENIN
Authors: Adéoti Kifouli , H.S. Kouhoundé Sonagnon , A. Noumavo PacÃ´me , Baba-Moussa Farid , Toukourou Fatiou
Published: December 2017

The high prices of animal foods and limited income earned in developing countries have resulted in their dependency on cereal-based preparations as staple food. Cereals such as maize, sorghum or pearl millet are often used in the production of various traditional foods and beverages in many African countries including Benin. In the republic of Benin, the nutritive value of cereals such as maize and sorghum is well documented. However, the nutritional value of pearl millet varieties produced in Benin remains to be investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional value of 22 varieties of pearl millet produced in Benin. After samples collection, the pearl millet grains were milled into fine powder and their compositions in six minerals (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Zn2+) and proximate (ash, dry matter, starch, protein, total and reducing sugars) were determined using standard analytical AOAC methods. Next, we assessed the relationship between these variables using the Pearson Correlation Analysis (PCA). We found that protein, total and reducing sugars levels varied widely (ranged from 1.86 to 93.4 mg/g, 178.64 to 652.54 mg/g and 16.62 to 174.22 mg/g, respectively). Additionally, we found a highly significant correlation (P
Role of statin in increasing the risk of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mohammadian Mahdi , Salehiniya Hamid , Ovisey Jamshid , Allah Bakeshei Fatemeh , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah
Published: December 2017

Statin is known as one of the most commonly prescribed medicines in the United States (Bhattacharya et al., 2014). This drug is widely used with the aim to prevent risk of stroke and cardiovascular diseases as well as reduction of mortality from these diseases (Mohammadian et al., 2015; Ong et al., 2014). Several studies have recently paid attention to roles of Statins in increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on results of several clinical trials on prevention of cardiovascular diseases, Statin leads to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (Crandall et al., 2017). This drug leads to an increase at fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood sugar levels in recipients (Mohammadian et al., 2017; Ridker et al., 2012).
Applying Heart Failure Management to Improve Health Outcomes: But WHICH One?
Authors: Chan Yih-Kai ,   Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia, David Alice M ,   Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia, Mainland Caitlyn ,   Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia, Chen Lei ,   Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia, Stewart Simon ,   Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
Published: December 2017

We report on our learning from many years of research testing the value of nurse-led, multidisciplinary, home-based management of heart failure. We discuss and highlight the key challenges we have experienced in testing this model of care relative to alternatives and evolving patient population. Accordingly, we propose a pragmatic approach to adapt current models of care to meet the needs of increasingly complex (and costly) patients with multimorbidity.
The Role of Automated 3D Echocardiography for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Assessment
Authors: Spitzer Ernest ,   Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,   Cardialysis, Clinical Trial Management & Core Laboratories, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Ren Ben ,   Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,   Cardialysis, Clinical Trial Management & Core Laboratories, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Zijlstra Felix ,   Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Mieghem Nicolas M Van ,   Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Geleijnse Marcel L ,   Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Published: December 2017

Ejection fraction is one of the most powerful determinants of prognosis and is a crucial parameter for the determination of cardiovascular therapies in conditions such as heart failure, valvular conditions and ischaemic heart disease. Among echocardiographic methods, 3D echocardiography has been attributed as the preferred one for its assessment, given an increased accuracy and reproducibility. Full-volume multi-beat acquisitions are prone to stitching artefacts due to arrhythmias and require prolonged breath holds. Single-beat acquisitions exhibit a lower temporal resolution, but address the limitations of multi-beat acquisitions. If not fully automated, 3D echocardiography remains time-consuming and resource-intensive, with suboptimal observer variability, preventing its implementation in routine practice. Further developments in hardware and software, including fully automated knowledge-based algorithms for left ventricular quantification, may bring 3D echocardiography to a definite turning point.
Whatever Happened to Measuring Ventricular Contractility in Heart Failure?
Authors: Noble Mark IM ,   Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Published: December 2017

Attempts have been made to assess and measure ventricular contractility in patients and whether it can be used to identify heart failure. Due to the assumption that if the contractility of all the muscle fibres in a heart were lower, could it be called heart failure? Early attempts involved the assumption of a model of muscle that had a contractile unit in series with an elastic element, but this was found to be incorrect. Further attempts applied the series elastic model but this model also proved challenging. However, one method has assessed changes in contractility in a given patient, in response to an intervention, but could not compare contractility in a patient with heart failure with a normal person. End-systolic pressure-volume (ESPV) is regarded as a more correct index of contractility and this method was used to confirm changes in contractility from beat to beat during AF, showing results that end-systolic volume varied and indicating a shift of ESPV from beat to beat. This review will discuss the difficulty in measurement, the complicated nature of myocardial fibre orientation and hypertrophy, and whether myocardial contractility failure precipitates increased global heart failure.
Natriuretic Peptide-based Screening and Prevention of Heart Failure
Authors: Gallagher Joe ,   School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland, Watson Chris ,   Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Campbell Patricia ,   School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland, Ledwidge Mark ,   School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland, McDonald Kenneth ,   School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland
Published: December 2017

There is increasing interest in the concept of personalised medicine, whereby conditions with common pathophysiologies are targeted together, and also using biomarkers to identify patients who will most benefit from certain interventions. Several data sets indicate that natriuretic peptides are effective in refining risk prediction for heart failure and cardiovascular disease and add predictive power to conventional risk factors. To date two trials have tested the approach of using natriuretic peptides as part of a strategy to identify those at highest risk of cardiovascular events: St. Vincent’s Screening to Prevent Heart Failure (STOP-HF) and N-terminal Pro-brain Natriuretic Peptide Guided Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Patients (PONTIAC). These have shown natriuretic peptide-based screening and targeted prevention can reduce heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction and other major cardiovascular events. This approach is now part of North American guidelines.
Análise do período intra e pós-operatório, complicações e mortalidade nas cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio e de troca valvar
Authors: Heck Leila Gisleide Sehn , Dallazen Fernanda , Da Cruz Dante Thomé , Berwanger Silvana Agnolleto , Winkelmann Eliane Roseli
Published: December 2017

AIMS: To analyze risk factors, comorbidities, intraoperative and postoperative period, complications and mortality in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve replacement (VR) surgeries.METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study, carried out in a general hospital, included patients of both sexes, older than 18 years, submitted to CABG or VR. Data on risk factors, comorbidities, intraoperative and postoperative periods, postoperative complications and mortality were collected from patients' records. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to compare the variables of interest between the CABG and VR groups, considering p≤0.05 as significant.RESULTS: Of 210 records analyzed, 129 (61.4%) patients had performed CABG and 81 (38.5%) had performed VR. In the intraoperative variables, the following were observed in CABG and in VR, respectively (in minutes): ejection fraction 60.2±11.9 vs. 66.2±11.2 (p=0.001); extracorporeal circulation time 75.4±25.1 vs. 105.4±121.5 (p<0.001); aortic clamping time 60.7±39.3 vs. 75.7 ± 26.2 (p=0.003); time of surgery 200.1±76.3 vs. 198.3±71.5 (p=0.865); time of mechanical ventilation 629.1±296.4 vs. 574.4±135.6 (p=0.076). In the postoperative period, the length of stay in the coronary intensive care unit was 2.5±1.8 days in the CABG and 2.5±0.8 days in the VR (p=0.779). Ninety-six (75%) of the patients submitted to CABG and 46 (59%) of the patients submitted to VR had spontaneous heart beat recovery (p=0.020). The majority of patients did not present complications, both in CABG (n=105, 81.4%) and in VR (n=59, 72.8%) (p=0.561). Mortality was 2 (1.6%) in CABG and 4 (4.9%) in VR (p=0.274). The total death rate during the hospital stay was 2.9%.CONCLUSIONS: In the analysis of the CABG and VT surgeries there were differences during the intraoperative period, but no significant differences in postoperative complications and in hospital mortality were identified. Descriptive and comparative analysis of these two distinct surgical techniques, involving patients with differences in their clinical characteristics, allowed the knowledge of their peculiarities, which could contribute to the planning of care and cardiac rehabilitation of the patient.
A szelektív monoaminoxidáz-B-gátlók helye a Parkinson-kór kezelési stratégiájában a marosvásárhelyi ideggyógyászati klinikák gyakorlatában
Authors: Szász József Attila , Constantin Viorelia , Fazakas Péter Alpár , Blényesi Eszter , Grieb Levente Gábor , Balla Antal , Sárig Mónika , Szegedi Kinga , Bartha Eszter Noémi , Szatmári Szabolcs
Published: December 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: Selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitors have an accurate place in therapeutical strategy of Parkinsons’s disease. In the early stages of the disease, especially in younger patients with milder symptoms, the introduction of levodopa substitution could be efficacious in delaying; in advanced stages they are mainly used to treat motor complications, as an adjunct to levodopa. Aim: The evaluation of therapeutical strategies used in the neurology clinics of Tirgu Mures County Emergency Clinical Hospital in order to define the role of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Method: This retrospective study includes all records of patients with Parkinson’s disease hospitalized between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2016. From the 2194 reports we used data focusing on the therapeutic recommendations. Regarding disease duration, we divided the patients in two groups: less than or equal to 5 years and more than 5 years. Results: From the 1183 patients in first group, 243 received monoamine oxidase inhibitors: 12 as monotherapy, 52 together with dopamine agonists, in 61 cases combined with levodopa. In 118 cases monoamine oxidase inhibitors were combined with levodopa and dopamine agonists. From 582 cases whith Parkinson’s disease for more than 5 years, 195 received monoamine oxidase B inhibitors (selegiline: 10 cases, rasagiline: 185 cases). In 429 cases we did not find accurate data regarding disease duration (selegiline: 5 cases, rasagiline: 93 cases). Conclusion: The use of monoamine oxidase B inhibitors was similar to those found in literature. The treating physicians should utilise more confidently the available therapeutical combinations. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(51): 2023–2028.
BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM SEAWEED PROCESSING WASTE BY SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION AND FERMENTATION (SSF)
Authors: Hakim Andi , Chasanah Ekowati , Uju Uju , Santoso Joko
Published: December 2017

Seaweed processing waste has been used for bioethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). SSF is commonly used for bioethanol production to shorten the process and to increase the yield of ethanol produced by Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The aim of this research was to obtain the best concentration of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae to produce bioethanol by SSF. The concentration of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae used was 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20% (v/v). The SSF process was carried out by using shaking incubator at 35 °C and rotation of 150 rpm for 3 days. The untreated and hot water treated seaweed processing waste used in this study have moisture content values of 12.94±0.08% and 15.38±0.19%, ash content values of 16.72±0.08% and 18.39±0.19%, lignin content values of 15.38±0.11% and 12.74±0.38%, and cellulose content values of 26.92±0.57% and 34.57±0.81%, respectively. The result of SSF process of seaweed processing waste showed that different concentrations of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae (control, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) yielded significant effect (p<0.05) on the total reducing sugars and ethanol produced. The Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) showed that the treatment 10% of T. reesei and S. cerevisiae concentration in the seaweed processing waste treated with hot water was the best treatment producing highest yield of ethanol.
Sprawiedliwość Boga wobec Szatana na podstawie „Jedenastego kazania do ludu” św. Cezarego z Arles
Authors: Pochwat Józef
Published: December 2017

Cezary z Arles (†543) w jedenastym kazaniu do ludu dokonał precyzyjnego omówienia zagadnienia, dotyczącego sprawiedliwości Boga wobec szatana. W kazaniu tym, dał tak wyczerpujące wyjaśnienie na ten temat, że jest ono swoistego rodzaju traktatem teologicznym. Bóg, jak zauważa, mógł użyć wobec szatana swojej wszechmocy, nie uczynił jednak tego, ponieważ nie chciał naruszyć sprawiedliwości. Bóg jest sprawiedliwy tak wobec szatana, jak i wobec człowieka. Cezary wyjaśnił, że szatan sam siebie zgubił, nikt go do tego nie zmusił, a powodem była zazdrość. Z kolei szatan, jak zauważył Cezary, z zazdrości doradził człowiekowi wybór zła, nie zmusił człowieka do odwrócenia się od Boga, ponieważ człowiek był wolny. Człowiek natomiast, zamiast należeć do Boga, który go stworzył, wybrał propozycję szatana, która sprowadziła na niego śmierć. Cezary pokazał też dwa etapy wyrwania człowieka z niewoli szatana. Pierwszym było Wcielenie, czyli przyjście Chrystusa w ciele podobnym do ciała grzesznego, drugim był krzyż. Sprawiedliwy Chrystus przyjął na siebie niesprawiedliwość i ujawnił zbrodnicze i niesprawiedliwe postępowanie diabła. Szatan w Wielki Piątek, gdy zabił Chrystusa na krzyżu, przekroczył prawo sprawiedliwości. Dopuścił się zbrodni na Jezusie, stał się winny, gdyż skazał na śmierć całkowicie niewinną osobę. Szatan jako winny, musiał przeżyć konfiskatę tego, co zagarnął – człowieka. Chrystus, jak wykazał Cezary, uwolnił rodzaj ludzki spod władzy szatana przez swoją sprawiedliwość. Uczynił to nie jako Bóg, lecz w ludzkim ciele. Sprawiedliwość Chrystusa ujawnia Jego miłosierdzie względem człowieka.
Decentralised water reuse in Sydney, Australia: drivers for implementation and energy consumption
Authors: Jonasson Olof J , Kandasamy Jaya
Published: December 2017

Water recycling and reuse is becoming increasingly common throughout the world. The objective of this study was to compare five decentralised water recycling and reuse systems in Sydney, Australia, in terms of the drivers for their implementation and their ongoing energy consumption, allowing comparison to conventional water sources. The security of supply was found to be the main driver for four out of the five schemes. For the fifth scheme, the driver was to obtain a high environmental rating for the building it is located in. The analysis shows that water reuse can provide water at the same or less energy consumption compared to water supplied through the mains network. However, where the water recycling ethos of ‘fit for purpose’ is not considered, this can often lead to a significant overall increase in power consumption. This study highlights the need for regulatory bodies to consider a wider range of impacts when preparing guidelines and incentive schemes for water reuse. When the focus is too narrow, there is a risk that unintentional negative impacts such as increased power consumption and potential carbon dioxide emissions are the outcomes.
Improved geotechnical properties in salt-treated highly sensitive landslide-prone clays
Authors: Helle Tonje Eide , Nordal Steinar , Aagaard Per
Published: December 2017

Retrogressive or progressive landslides in slopes with highly sensitive quick clays may extend several hundred metres from where the slide was initiated. Reintroducing high salt contents to the pore water of leached low-saline quick clays may inhibit the development of such large landslides. Wells filled with potassium chloride (KCl) were installed in a quick-clay deposit at Dragvoll, Trondheim, Norway, to investigate the impact of changed pore-water chemistry on the geotechnical properties. The clay ceased to be quick due to favourable changed ion composition in the pore water, even at low salt contents, thus inhibiting retrogressive development. The apparent pre-consolidation stress (p′c) increased with increasing salt contents and the immediate collapse in structure typically seen in quick clays was avoided at loads just beyond p′c by changing the pore-water chemistry. Quick clay treated with KCl may therefore work as a barrier against retrogressive development and reduce the risk of initiation of progressive landslides.
A study on nanosilica- and microsilica-added concretes under different transport mechanisms
Authors: Lincy Varghese , Rao Velidandi Venkata Lakshmy Kanta , Lakshmy Parameswaran
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the relative performance of nanosilica (nS)- and microsilica (mS)-added concrete with reference to durability under different transport mechanisms such as absorption, sorption, diffusion and migration. The concrete for this study was made with optimum quantities of mS and nS, which were determined based on maximum strength efficiency factor. The results showed that nS-added concrete exhibited superior durability properties compared to mS-added concrete under the above transport mechanisms, even at lower cement replacement. The beneficial effects of nS on the pore refinement of concrete were observed through the latter's high resistance to water absorption, sorptivity, chloride penetration and corrosion susceptibility. The relatively higher rapid chloride permeability and lower concrete resistivity of nS added concrete were attributed to the possible static surface charge of nS particles. The scanning electron microscopic image showed a compact and dense microstructure of nS-added concrete with increased finer-sized calcium–silicate–hydrate, reduced calcium hydroxide contents, and compact interfacial transitional zones.
Variación de la masa corporal grasa por antropometría y bioimpedancia en escolares jujeños
Authors: Martinez Jorge Ivan , Dipierri José Edgardo , Bejarano Ignacio , Quispe Yolanda , Alfaro Emma
Published: December 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo es comparar distintos métodos de cálculo del porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) por antropometría y bioimpedancia (BIA) en una población infanto-juvenil jujeña y analizar la variación de la masa grasa (MG), masa magra (MM) y de los índices de masa grasa (IMG) y masa magra (IMM). Se realizó un estudio transversal en 232 escolares de 12 a 17 años de la ciudad de San Salvador de Jujuy. Se relevaron datos de talla, peso y pliegues tricipital y subescapular. Se determinó el Índice de Masa corporal (IMC) y el %GC por BIA (Maltron BF-900) y antropometría (ecuaciones de Deurenberg y Slaugther). Se calculó media y desvío estándar y las diferencias por sexo y edad se establecieron mediante análisis de la varianza. Se una correlación de Pearson entre los distintos métodos utilizados para estimar el %GC y la concordancia analizó con Bland-Altman. Las mujeres presentaron valores superiores de IMC y pliegues bicipital y tricipital y mayores porcentajes de sobrepeso y obesidad. Los %GC más altos se obtuvieron con BIA en mujeres y con Slaugther en varones. Las mujeres registraron valores promedio significativamente más altos del IMG que los varones con los 3 métodos. La correlación más alta del %GC se observó entre BIA y Deurenberg, seguida por Slaugther y Deurenberg, sin embargo no se observó concordancia entre los 3 métodos. Dada la accesibilidad de la estimación del %GC con la ecuación de Deurenberg se propone la aplicación de esta metodología en estudios epidemiológicos de obesidad.
PRÓTESE SOBRE IMPLANTE CIMENTADA OU PARAFUSADA: APLICABILIDADE CLÍNICA
Authors: Caires Ramos Daniel Batista , Barbosa Diego Maia , Dos Santos Gabriel Santana , Barreto de Oliveira Viviane Maia
Published: December 2017

A evolução da implantodontia se relaciona com o constante avanço das reabilitações. A seleção correta dos componentes protéticos é de fundamental importância para o sucesso e longevidade do tratamento. O tipo de retenção da prótese sobre implante pode ser dividida em cimentada ou parafusada, sendo que a sua escolha depende, principalmente, das situações clínicas apresentadas. Nos dois tipos de retenção é possível observar que existem vantagens e desvantagens no seu uso, entretanto, é preciso ter conhecimento científico acerca das suas características, no intuito de selecionar o sistema de retenção adequado. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar a literatura que aborda as próteses cimentadas e parafusadas, facilitando sua indicação clínica. Diante da revisão da literatura, foi possível concluir que o sucesso do tratamento com próteses implantossuportadas não depende do tipo de prótese escolhida, mas tem relação com o planejamento e conhecimento do profissional, que deve saber a dinâmica do funcionamento dos sistemas existentes.
Original dataset v1
Authors: Won Choi Ji , Kyung Kim Duk , Kyoung Kim Jin , Jee Lee Eun , Youn Kim Jea
Published: December 2017

Original dataset of the study entitled "A retrospective analysis on the relationship between intraoperative hypothermia and postoperative ileus after laparoscopic colorectal surgery"
Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index v1
Authors: Choi Ji-Won , Kim Duk-Kyung , Kim Jin-Kyoung , Lee Eun-Jee , Kim Jea-Youn
Published: December 2017

Brief description about the Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index
Experimental determination of lateral forces caused by bridge crane skewing during travelling
Authors: Zelić A. , Zuber N. , Šostakov R.
Published: December 2017

Crane condition depends on the large number of variables randomly changing in time. Due to the large number of parameters, skewing forces have stochastic character. Though in standards treated as occasional loads, their dynamic action in certain cases can cause fatigue damage of the crane travelling mechanisms, structure and runway components. Current European Norms have left the question of skewing forces influence upon the fatigue damage occurrence unresolved. The paper presents an experimental determination of lateral forces acting on the vertical wheels of a bridge crane using two different solutions of transducers for the direct measurement on the wheels of the cranes in operation, without changing the way of lateral guiding. As an illustration, few records of the measured wheel lateral force vs. time are shown. Presentation of such records in the form of a loading spectrum (e.g. using the software nCode), obtained during long-lasting or continuous monitoring of cranes in operation, is the first step in finding the relevant answer to the previously unresolved question
A design approach based on a correlative relationship between maintainability and functional construction
Authors: Guo C. , Lyu C. , Chen J. , Zhou D.
Published: December 2017

As an important quality characteristic, maintainability is the ability of a product to be repaired efficiently and economically. Because it is mainly determined at the design stage, maintainability is mostly affected by the construction of a product. Traditional
product design methods put more focus on design for function and production, neglecting design for maintainability, which causes
a gap between functional construction design and maintainability design. The delay of maintainability design results in huge costs
for design changes and even irrevocable design flaws. Because of the weak relationship between functional construction and
maintainability in product design, the influence of maintainability design on the product is limited. To resolve this problem, this
paper proposes a design approach considering the relationship between maintainability and functional construction. First, maintainability design factors (MDFs) and functional construction design factors (FCDFs) are defined and classified. Second, based
on topology graphic theory, a correlative relationship model is constructed by graphically combining the MDFs and FCDFs into
a network diagram. Third, to determine primary design factors, a quantization matrix is developed to perform importance evaluation of the correlative relationship. Finally, a practical case is studied by implementing the proposed approach for the lubrication
system of an armoured vehicle. The results validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the approach.
Compression studies of multi-layered composite materials for the purpose of verifying composite panels model used in the renovation process of the freight wagon’s hull
Authors: Buchacz A. , Baier A. , Herbuś K. , Ociepka P. , Grabowski Ł. , Sobek M.
Published: December 2017

The paper presents the procedure sequence for modelling multilayer composite materials using PLM Siemens NX software. Virtual
studies were referring to three-point and four-point flexural test of composite material samples. Composite materials containing
fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites were considered. Within the carried out research, a virtual experiment to test composite
samples composed of 5, 7 and 10 layers was conducted. Then the virtual model was matched to the results obtained during the
stationary tests. As a result of matching the composite material model to the real model, correct results of the virtual bending
experiment of composite samples were obtained. The presented procedure sequence for modelling composite material was used to
analyse the MES of the scaled side of the freight wagon. The modification consisted in the use of composite panels as reinforcing
elements of the wagon’s hull from inside to extend its life. The presented modelling approach enabled the initial strength verification of the modified side of the freight wagon’s hull.
Assessment of the track condition using the Gray Relational Analysis method
Authors: Tabaszewski M. , Firlik B.
Published: December 2017

The article concerns the developed methodology for assessing the technical condition of a tramway track. Thanks to the data
collected from multiple tram journeys equipped with an on-board vibration recording system, it was possible to create profiles of
crossings through track sections in different technical condition. In order to identify the track condition, an algorithm based on the
gray-scale modeling was proposed, and a similarity comparison between the obtained track profiles. A new measure of similarity has been proposed that has not been used so far in gray-scale modeling. The obtained results confirm the applicability of the
proposed methodology
Research on metal fatigue of rail vehicle wheel considering the wear intensity of rolling surface
Authors: Vaičiūnas G. , Bureika G. , Steišūnas S.
Published: December 2017

The article overviews scientific research studies that examine the interaction between railway vehicle wheel and rail, and the
phenomena of wear on wheel rolling surface. Unique experimental research has been conducted, in which regularity of weariness
on rolling surface of exploitable locomotive wheel and phenomena of metal fatigue on wheel were researched. A hypothesis is
made, that according to the differences in weariness intensity of wheel rolling surface it is possible to determine the start of metal
fatigue. The inequality of wear intensity of different locomotive wheels is assessed by the Sharpe ratio, adapting it to describe the
wheel wear intensity criteria. Based on the results of research, the authors propose a simplified and reliable methodology for determining metal fatigue on locomotive wheels at initial stages. The uneven wear on rolling surface of different wheels of wheelset
inevitably changes the values of Sharpe ratio, which can accurately describe the conditions in which the critical metal fatigue on
wheels begins to emerge.
Corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy coated with caprolactone-based biodegradable polymeric coatings
Authors: Kajzer W. , Jaworska J. , Jelonek K. , Szewczenko J. , Kajzer A. , Nowińska K. , Hercog A. , Kaczmarek M. , Kasperczyk J.
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of long-term exposure of Ringer’s solution on degradation of the anodically
oxidated Ti6Al4V alloy coated with a biodegradable polymer coating. Polymeric coatings made of poly(glycolide-ε-caprolactone)
– G-Cap and poly(glycolide- ε-caprolactone-lactide) – G-Cap-L were applied by a dip-coating method. Degradation was assessed
on the basis of the results of pitting corrosion resistance and density of metal ions infiltrating to the solution. Studies were conducted for samples after 3, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of exposure to the corrosive environment. In addition, topography of the surface
of the polymer coating was assessed. As a result of potentiodynamic studies, the value of the polarization resistance and corrosion
potential for the G-Cap and G-Cap-L coated samples were significantly decreased while simultaneous reduction of the density
of metal ions infiltrating to the solution throughout the whole study period. There was also observed a faster degradation of the
G-Cap coating compared to G-Cap-L, which showed local discontinuity after 12 weeks of exposure. The obtained results provide
the basis for the development of polymeric coatings on surface of metal implants with predictable time / kinetics of degradation by
selecting the composition of polymers while simultaneous limitation of metal ions infiltration into surrounding tissues.
Education in the family as a factor of pedagogical correction of legal consciousness in juvenile probation and parole, including registered in criminal-executive inspection
Authors: Gud M.B.
Published: December 2017

The article discusses the concept of "legal consciousness of minors", the peculiarities of its formation in adolescence, and a pedagogical process of correction of legal consciousness adolescents in conditions of serving criminal sentences, when registration with the penal inspection. Analyzes one of the factors of correction of legal consciousness – raising in the family of convicted minors consisting on the account in the criminal-Executive inspection. The specifics of family upbringing and their impact on the efficiency of re-socialization of minors consisting on the account in criminally-executive inspection, as well as reducing recidivism. Examples of departmental statistics on the role of the family in preventing delinquency and crime among convicted adolescents. The basic directions of improvement of family education in the framework of the activities of employees of criminally-executive inspections.