bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transient Liquid Induced Hierarchical Structure Contributes to High Thermoelectric Performance in Ag2Se
Authors: Kitthonbancha Peeranut , Liu Wei‐Di , Li Meng , Pinitsoontorn Supree , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: February 2025

Owing to the intrinsic high thermoelectric performance, Ag2Se is a promising alternative for traditional near‐room temperature Bi2Te3‐based materials. In this study, a Na2SO3 solution has been used as the transient liquid during the modified cold sintering process to induce a hierarchical structure, including micropores, nanopores, sub‐nanopores, and additional nanoscale Na2SO3 residuals. Such a hierarchical structure contributes to an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.18 W m−1 K−1 at ≈300 K in the Ag2Se‐30%Na2SO3. Additionally, extra Se vacancies further optimize the carrier concentration to ≈5.6 × 1018 cm−3, leading to a high power factor of ≈25 µW cm−1 K−2 at ≈300 K in the Ag2Se‐30%NS. Consequently, due to the synergistic effects of high power factor and low lattice thermal conductivity, an ultrahigh room‐temperature figure of merit of 1.04 in the Ag2Se‐30%Na2SO3. The study demonstrates that introducing transient liquid solutions in the modified cold sintering process can effectively achieve specific structural engineering and high thermoelectric performance.
Modulation of Single‐Iron‐Atom Coordination Environment Toward Three‐Electron Oxygen Reduction for Photocatalytic CH4 Conversion to CH3OH
Authors: Li Laiquan , Shi Xiuwen , Liu Lingyue , Tu Ying , Liu Yuhang , Zhang Yuhang , Yang Hong Bin , Dou Shixue , Liu Bin
Published: February 2025

By modifying the coordination environment of single‐Fe‐atom active site, effective regulation of the photocatalytic oxygen reduction pathway can be achieved to attain high activity for photocatalytic oxidation of CH4 to CH3OH in an aqueous solution. A comprehensive investigation is conducted to study the impact of different coordination numbers of single Fe atoms on photocatalytic CH4 oxidation reaction over carbon nitride. Among which, Fe1/C3‐xN4 with a Fe‐N3 coordination exhibit an exceptional photocatalytic performance in CH4 oxidation, reaching a remarkable methanol yield of 928.27 µmol gcat−1, much higher than Fe1/C3N4 and Fe1/C3N4‐x (308.47 and 473.26 µmol gcat−1, respectively). Based on a collection of in situ characterizations and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations, it is determined that Fe1/C3‐xN4 with an optimal coordination number possesses the optimized electronic configuration that enables three‐electron oxygen reduction to generate hydroxyl radicals for photocatalytic conversion of CH4 to CH3OH.
Advances in Engineered Phages for Disease Treatment
Authors: Hou Xiaolin , Zhai Lin , Fu Laiying , Lu Junna , Guo Peilin , Zhang Yu , Zheng Diwei , Ma Guanghui
Published: February 2025

Phage therapy presents a promising solution for combating multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial infections and other bacteria‐related diseases, attributed to their innate ability to target and lyse bacteria. Recent clinical successes, particularly in treating MDR‐related respiratory and post‐surgical infections, validated the therapeutic potential of phage therapy. However, the complex microenvironment within the human body poses significant challenges to phage activity and efficacy in vivo. To overcome these barriers, recent advances in phage engineering have aimed to enhance targeting accuracy, improve stability and survivability, and explore synergistic combinations with other therapeutic modalities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of phage therapy, emphasizing the application of engineered phages in antibacterial therapy, tumor therapy, and vaccine development. Furthermore, the review highlights the current challenges and future trends for advancing phage therapy toward broader clinical applications.
A Secure Data Storage Architecture for Internet of Things Using a Hybrid Whale‐Based Harris Hawk Optimization Algorithm and Fuzzy‐Based Secure Clustering
Authors: Daniel D. J. Joel Devadass , Jagadeesh S.
Published: February 2025

Recently, the most common and challenging issue in the Internet of Things (IoT) is to establish end‐to‐end authentication. The IoT is developed to enable data exchange and connectivity between systems and devices. Here, the security and Quality of Services (QoS) are important problems because of unauthenticated cryptography mechanisms and inefficient route selection. So, we introduced the three‐tier system architecture of secure data storage in IoT. The fuzzy‐based secure cluster formation (F‐SCF) is used to aggregate the sensor nodes into multiple clusters in the initial tier. The secure routes with multiple QoS metrics are selected with the help of a novel Whale optimization‐based Harris Hawks optimization (W‐HHO) algorithm. The parallel advanced encrypted standard with cipher block chaining (PAES‐CBC) is introduced for data security. Based on the selection criteria, the fuzzy weighted‐based order selection with an equivalent ideal solution (FW‐OSEIS) is proposed to select the optimal open flow switches (O
fs). By integrating W‐HHO with advanced fuzzy logic, the proposed method optimizes secure route selection and cluster formation, achieving enhanced data security, energy efficiency, and quality of service (QoS) in large‐scale IoT environments. Experimentally, the simulation works are handles in Cooja software and the performance of different kinds of QoS metrics such as packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, network lifetime, and end‐to‐end delay is evaluated. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves a higher PDR of 95.3%, extends network lifetime by 23%, and improves throughput by 18% compared to existing methods, while maintaining a low packet drop ratio and reduced end‐to‐end delay, thereby validating its effectiveness in secure and efficient IoT data management.
Molecular Ordering Determines the Formation of Strong Gels After Retrogradation of Low‐Viscosity Potato Starch
Authors: Hidalgo Bastian , Koporcic Milenka , Otsu Javier , Mujica B. , Castro Melany , Videla Valeria , Quintero Montserrat , Gremasqui Ileana de los Angeles , Alarcón‐Moyano Jessica , Díaz‐Calderón Paulo
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to characterize a low‐viscosity potato starch (LVPS) in terms of pasting properties and kinetics of retrogradation. The pasting properties of a commercial sample of LVPS were measured by Rapid‐Visco‐Analysis, while the kinetics of retrogradation were assessed following changes in gel strength by mechanical tests (after storage 24 and 168 h, 4°C) and viscoelasticity by dynamic time sweep (4 h, 4°C). Analysis was complemented by measurements of cold‐water solubility, thermal properties, Fourier‐transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, polarized microscopy, size distribution, and x‐ray diffraction. A sample of normal potato starch (NPS) was used as a control for comparison. LVPS showed significant differences in pasting properties compared to NPS, with much lower pasting parameters (final viscosity 57.9 cP for LVPS, 2991.6 cP for NPS). However, the dynamic time sweep showed that LVPS behaved as a strong gel during retrogradation, which was consistent with the higher gel strength obtained by LVPS after storage. Mechanical and rheological response could be explained by differences in crystallinity and number of oxygen bonds, as suggested by the FTIR spectra. However, the native molecular ordering was different in LVPS, which would determine how amylose leaches during gelatinization and define how self‐association and self‐assembly take place during retrogradation. Our results also showed that LVPS was not soluble in cold‐water, which was consistent with calorimetric data and polarized microscopy images. Hence, LVPS could be further used in applications requiring a starch capable of good mechanical response, but from starchy suspensions with low viscosity.
Application of low‐emission cement CEM II/C in concrete made with low‐effort processed recycled aggregates
Authors: Hron Johannes , Zeman Oliver , Troll Pascal , Pohl Hannah , Pichler Thomas , Bergmeister Konrad , Voit Klaus
Published: February 2025

The present study investigates the applicability of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for use in structural concrete made with low‐emission cement CEM II/C‐M (global warming potential of 377 kg CO2,eqv.). The aim is to show the potential of RCA processed with minimal energy, water, and economic expenditure. The combination of recycled aggregates with CEM II/C‐M fulfills both, a significant reduction in resource consumption, as well as a reduction in CO2 emissions compared to ordinary structural concrete. The experimental campaign included the investigation of RCA from two different sources with different low‐effort processing procedures and the manufacture of recycled concrete with substitution rates from 25% up to 100%. As a reference, a concrete a mixture using 100% natural aggregates was produced. The fresh and hardened concrete properties were determined considering the age of up to 1 year to take into account the known slower hydration behavior of CEM II/C‐M. The results show a potential of low‐effort processed RCA, as well as the challenges occurring by the avoidance of a washing step during processing. Furthermore, when using low‐emission cement CEM II/C, an assessment of the concrete strength at a later point in time than the usual 28 days is suggested. This approach better takes account of the final strength properties and avoids producing over‐strengthened concrete elements.
A Narrative Review of the Debate on the So-Called International Crime Drop
Authors: Aebi Marcelo F.
Published: February 2025

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the scholarly discourse surrounding the concept of an "international crime drop" during the 1990s and 2000s, examining four distinct interpretative narratives that have shaped our understanding of global crime trends. Through a chronological analysis of key publications, conferences, and research initiatives, the chapter traces how the concept evolved from observations of declining crime rates in the United States to broader international applications. The author identifies and analyzes four major narratives: the All-American narrative, focusing on U.S. crime trends and explanations; the Lausanne School narrative, emphasizing European variations and the role of technological change; the Crime and Justice narrative, offering a more skeptical view of violent crime trends; and the Security Hypothesis narrative, attributing declines primarily to improved security measures. The review reveals significant methodological and theoretical tensions between these perspectives, particularly regarding the interpretation of violent crime trends in continental Europe and the role of cybercrime. While there is broad agreement on declining rates of property crimes and homicides in many Western countries since the 1990s, the chapter shows that the notion of a universal "international crime drop" oversimplifies complex regional variations and emerging crime patterns. The author argues that understanding contemporary crime trends requires considering the transformation to a hybrid society, where traditional offline crimes coexist with rising online and hybrid offenses. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for more nuanced, context-sensitive approaches to analyzing crime trends that account for technological change, regional variations, and the growing importance of cybercrime in contemporary societies.
Gesetzliche Zahlungsmittel in elektronischer Form und demokratische Staaten
Authors: Pagliarin Carola
Published: February 2025

Der vorliegende Beitrag enthält erste Überlegungen zur möglichen Einführung von digitalen staatlichen Währungen – und insbesondere zum digitalen Euro. Die Ausführungen werden dabei unter dem Gesichtspunkt angestrengt, welche Auswirkungen eine solche Entwicklung auf die Form demokratischer Staaten haben könnte und inwieweit eine Regulierung künftig erforderlich werden wird.
Feasibility of Utilizing Continuous Records from Weak And Strong-Motion Recorder Channels of Permanent Stations for Horizontal To Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) Analysis During Calm-Day Conditions
Authors: Senkaya Mustafa
Published: February 2025

The proposed paper assesses the feasibility of using continuous records acquired from weak and strong-motion recorder channels of permanent earthquake observation stations under calm-day conditions for the HVSR method. The analyses were conducted on 60 tri-axial ambient noise data through HN channels from strong-motion recorders and BH, HH (or EH) channels from weak-motion recorders from 25 stations belonging to various soil and topography classes in the INGV network of Italy. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed HVSR curves were evaluated by benchmarking them with predefined original HVSR curves for each station, using statistical metrics such as the Pearson correlation coefficient and mean absolute error (MAE). The findings demonstrate that weak-motion recorder channels, especially HH and EH, acquire ambient noise, which serves as the primary data for the HVSR method, with higher PSD levels than strong-motion channels due to their inherently lower self-noise threshold. Therefore, while HVSR curves derived through BH channels indicate an average correlation of 84% and MAE of 12%, HH-EH channels demonstrate 91% and %12, respectively. Conversely, HN channels exhibit lower correlation (28%) and higher MAE (31%). Furthermore, topography and soil class influence PSD values, with T1 and C classes exhibiting the highest levels. However, variations in performance across different topographic and soil classes are less pronounced. The analyses suggest that the channel type plays a more critical role in HVSR analysis. This finding highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate channel for accurate HVSR analysis using permanent stations.
Exposure to diesel exhaust particles impairs takeoff but not subsequent homing and foraging behavior of workers of the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris
Authors: Seidenath D. , Pölloth S. , Mittereder A. , Hillenbrand T. , Brüggemann D. , Schott M. , Laforsch C. , Otti O. , Feldhaar H.
Published: February 2025

The loss of insect diversity and biomass has been documented in many terrestrial ecosystems. Drivers of this insect decline include climate change, habitat degradation, and pollution. Exposure to airborne particulate matter, such as diesel exhaust particles, may be harmful, especially for insects around urban or industrial areas. Ecotoxicological experiments have shown that chronic oral uptake of diesel exhaust particles can result in higher mortality and changes in the gut microbiome in bumblebees. However, how such effects manifest under natural conditions is still largely unknown, especially effects on foraging activity. Here, we exposed workers of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris to diesel exhaust particles in the field at distances of 380 m and 1100 m from their colony. We measured the time until bumblebees took off, the duration of their homing flight after a one-time exposure, and subsequent foraging activity over 1.5 days, recording the number and duration of the foraging flights in comparison to untreated bumblebees. The treated bumblebees needed significantly longer to start their homing flight, caused by some workers that were even unable to take off vertically from the exposure box and performing extensive grooming behavior. Homing flight duration and the subsequent foraging activity did not differ between treated and control workers. It remains unclear why bumblebees struggled to take off after exposure to diesel exhaust particles. This observation needs further investigation to elucidate whether this behavior is induced by particulate matter in general or related to specific physico-chemical properties of the particles inducing a physiological effect.
Digitale Innovationen in der Impfkommunikation
Authors: Böhm Robert , Gross Rian , Forst Sabrina , Reiter Julia , Betsch Cornelia
Published: February 2025

Trotz des großen Erfolges von Impfungen stellt die zunehmende Impfmüdigkeit eine Bedrohung für die öffentliche Gesundheit dar. Deshalb ist eine effektive Impfkommunikation wichtig. Sowohl personalisierte und bedürfnisgerechte Gespräche zwischen Ärzt*innen und Patient*innen als auch großangelegte standardisierte Impfkampagnen über klassische Medien zählen zu den wichtigsten Werkzeugen, um mögliche Unsicherheiten und Sorgen von Patient*innen zu entkräften, Fehlinformationen zu korrigieren und positive Argumente für den Nutzen von Impfungen zu vermitteln. In diesem Beitrag werden digitale Innovationen für die Impfkommunikation vorgestellt, die Vorteile beider Kommunikationsformen kombinieren und damit wichtige Bausteine für die Impfkommunikation in einer zunehmend digitalisierten Gesellschaft werden können. Wir betrachten 4 digitale Ansätze: soziale Medien, Smartphone-Apps, Chatbots und immersive Technologien (insbesondere virtuelle Realität). Wir beschreiben die Eigenschaften dieser Medien und Technologien, mögliche Zielgruppen für ihre Anwendung, ausgewählte wissenschaftliche Evidenz zu ihrer Effektivität in der Impfkommunikation sowie Forschungslücken und -potenziale. Abschließend machen wir Vorschläge für mögliche Anwendungs- und Einsatzbereiche dieser Ansätze in der Impfkommunikation. Auch wenn die Forschung zu digitalen Innovationen in der Impfkommunikation noch am Anfang steht, sehen wir große Potenziale, diese Ansätze als ergänzende Maßnahmen in umfassende Impfkommunikationsstrategien zu integrieren, um die Effektivität zukünftiger Impfkampagnen zu steigern und die globale Gesundheit nachhaltig zu fördern.
Theranostics using 89Zr/177Lu-labeled antibody targeting erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 (EphA2)
Authors: Watabe Tadashi , Iwasawa Takumi , Kimura Hiroyuki , Shirakami Yoshifumi , Naka Sadahiro , Kaneda Kazuko , Kobayashi Takanori , Omokawa Marina , Yagi Yusuke , Tomiyama Noriyuki , Kato Kazunori
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 (EphA2) is abundantly expressed in various types of cancers. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of 177Lu-labeled EphA2 antibody in combination with PET imaging using 89Zr-labeled antibody.

Methods

An EphA2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone 230-1) was labeled with 89Zr and 177Lu using DFO and NOTA chelators, respectively. HT-1080 (EphA2-expressing human fibrosarcoma) xenograft mice were intravenously administered [89Zr]Zr-EphA2 mAb (n = 6) for PET scanning, and [177Lu]Lu-EphA2 mAb (n = 12) to evaluate the biodistribution and specificity of uptake in HT-1080 xenografts in a blocking study. The antitumor effect was evaluated by administering 10 (n = 9) or 3MBq (n = 9) of [177Lu]Lu-EphA2 mAb, non-radiolabeled EphA2 mAb (n = 6), [177Lu]LuCl3 solution (10MBq, n = 6), or saline solution (control, n = 4) to HT-1080 xenograft mice. Body weight monitoring and preliminary blood tests were performed to evaluate toxicity. Immunohistochemical staining for EphA2 was performed using HT-1080 xenografts.

Results

On [89Zr]Zr-EphA2 mAb PET, a markedly high accumulation was observed in the tumor xenograft 1 day after administration (SUVmax, 11.8 ± 4.98), which increased on day 5 (SUVmax, 20.1 ± 6.42). [177Lu]Lu-EphA2 mAb exhibited excellent uptake and retention in HT-1080 xenografts (49.4 ± 10.8%IA/g at 24 h and 101.8 ± 26.3%IA/g at 72 h after administration). Normal organs did not show high physiological uptake, except for the blood (16.9 ± 0.43%IA/g at 24 h and 16.1 ± 4.9%IA/g at 72 h). The blocking study demonstrated a significant reduction of tumor uptake 24 h after administration (47.2 ± 8.22 vs. 10.7 ± 0.52%IA/g, P = 0.02). Substantial tumor growth inhibition, and complete remission without severe toxicity (6 of 18 mice), was observed in HT-1080 xenograft mice after [177Lu]Lu-EphA2 mAb (3 and 10 MBq) administration. The non-radiolabeled EphA2 mAb showed a minor treatment effect compared with [177Lu]Lu-EphA2 mAb. Immunohistochemical staining revealed high EphA2 expression in the HT-1080 xenografts.

Conclusion

[89Zr]Zr-/[177Lu]Lu-EphA2 mAb demonstrated high retention in tumors, and [177Lu]Lu-EphA2 mAb exhibited marked tumor shrinkage. EphA2 is a promising theranostics target for potential application in various types of cancer.
Harnessing Plant-Derived Terpenoids for Novel Approaches in Combating Bacterial and Parasite Infections in Veterinary and Agricultural Settings
Authors: Wiles Danielle , Pearson Jaclyn S. , Beddoe Travis
Published: February 2025

The rising resistance to conventional antimicrobial therapies in veterinary contexts poses a formidable challenge. While various innovative treatment strategies for pathogenic infections have emerged, their success still needs to be improved, warranting continued research. Recent investigations into natural products as potential sources for biologically active therapeutics have gained traction. Phytochemicals present a promising alternative in combating a spectrum of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and parasites. One such class of phytochemicals with mounting potential is the structurally diverse terpenes. These chemicals contribute to plants’ characteristic odour and medicinal effects and have been widely investigated in the scientific literature for their exceptional antibacterial activity. Their efficacy is demonstrated through diverse mechanisms, encompassing damage to bacterial membranes, suppression of virulence factors, and interference with enzymes, toxins, and biofilm formation. This review comprehensively examines terpenes’ in vitro and in vivo activity and their derivatives against pathogens, elucidating their potential against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the underlying mechanisms specific to each terpene class. The findings underscore the burgeoning potential of terpene therapy as a viable alternative or supplementary approach to conventional antibiotics in addressing bacterial and parasitic infections in livestock and companion animals.
Depth diagnostic mesophotic assemblages in the Northern Red Sea (Saudi Arabia) as analog to the Cenozoic fossil record
Authors: Westphal Hildegard , Marchese Fabio , Giovenzana Francesca , Mateu Vicens Guillem , Brandano Marco , Bracchi Valentina A. , Vimercati Silvia , Vahrenkamp Volker , Kanamatsu Toshiya , Petrovic Alexander
Published: February 2025

While mesophotic assemblages in the Gulf of Aqaba have been described in some detail, in the Red Sea proper, data are rare. Here we present a first report on a detached carbonate platform fragment from the Northern Red Sea off Al Wajh that stretches over a water depth range of 25 to 130 m. The assemblages observed comprise depth-typical large benthic foraminifers, crustose coralline algae, and mesophotic scleractinian corals (e.g., Leptoseris spp.). Encrusting bryozoans and foraminifers are abundant. A soft sediment cover in the deeper areas indicates the absence of strong currents. Radiocarbon ages confirm that this community is currently thriving. This example resembles the previously known occurrences of mesophotic reefs in the Gulf of Aqaba with respect to assemblage despite different oceanographic conditions. At the same time, it reminds of Cenozoic, in particular pre-Upper Miocene (i.e., before 8.5 million years ago), coral-associated assemblages, when coral bioherms preferentially occurred in mesophotic rather than euphotic settings. The present study thus contributes to improving the interpretation of those fossil bioherms with respect to their ecosystem dynamics and environmental significance.
Low rate of rescue epidural analgesia after open colorectal surgery with intrathecal morphine: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: de Brun Sebastian , Chabok Abbas , Engdahl Malin , Östberg Erland
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The use of intrathecal morphine in open colorectal surgery has been limited despite being a promising analgesic alternative used in other types of open abdominal surgery. Intrathecal morphine has a higher success rate than thoracic epidural analgesia, the current standard method of analgesia in open colorectal surgery. Intrathecal morphine is occasionally used in open colorectal surgery when thoracic epidural analgesia placement fails and in instances when patients receive intrathecal morphine for a planned laparoscopic surgical procedure which is converted to laparotomy intraoperatively. This retrospective single-centre cohort study aimed to evaluate outcomes after intrathecal morphine in patients undergoing open colorectal surgery.

Methods

All patients who received intrathecal morphine before open colorectal surgery at a secondary hospital in Sweden between 2016 and 2020 were included. Routinely collected data from the Swedish PeriOperative Registry and patients’ medical records were reviewed, and data regarding postoperative outcomes including the incidence of postoperative rescue thoracic epidural analgesia and adverse events were extracted.

Results

In total, 108 patients were included with a median age of 74 years. Four patients (4%) received rescue thoracic epidural analgesia postoperatively, and the median hospital length of stay was 8 days. The median intrathecal morphine dose was 200 µg. Respiratory complications occurred in two patients (2%).

Conclusion

The incidence of rescue thoracic epidural analgesia after intrathecal morphine in open colorectal surgery was low, and there were few adverse events. The results suggest that intrathecal morphine could be a viable alternative for postoperative pain management in open colorectal surgery.
Histological study on the postnatal development of the nerve network in the rat ileal mucosa and submucosa
Authors: Morishita Rinako , Nakanishi Satoki , Yokoyama Toshifumi , Hoshi Nobuhiko , Mantani Youhei
Published: February 2025

We have previously reported detailed structures of the mucosal nerve network in the rat ileum, but the mechanisms underlying the development of this nerve network remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the developmental process of the mucosal nerve network and submucosal neurons (SM-neurons) or ganglia (SMG), which are the main source of nerve fibers projected to the mucosa, in the rat ileum during the postnatal period. Immunohistochemistry against tubulin beta III (Tuj1) revealed that Tuj1-immunopositivities were more abundant in the lamina propria at 2 weeks old (2wk; pre-weaning) than at postnatal day 0 (P0) or 4 weeks old (4wk; post-weaning) and more frequent on the mesenteric side than on the antimesenteric side at 2wk. Hu antigen D (HuD)-immunopositive SM-neurons and SMG were also more abundantly localized on the mesenteric side than the antimesenteric side at P0 and 2wk. On the other hand, cells immunopositive for SRY-related HMG-box 10 (Sox10), which is the marker for enteric nervous system progenitor cells and enteric glial cells, were homogenously scattered in the submucosa throughout the entire circumference at all ages. Glial cell marker S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100β) in the submucosa was detected at all ages without any significant difference between the mesenteric and antimesenteric sides. These findings indicate that SMG formation and associated neurite extension into the mucosa in the rat ileum might occur preferentially on the mesenteric side by the weaning period, leading us to hypothesize that the mechanism by which the mucosal nerve network and SMG develop differs along the mesenteric–antimesenteric side axis.
Toward the development of a specific non-enzymatic amperometric sensor for determining uric acid in fermentation samples
Authors: Butyrskaya E. V. , Zolotukhina E. V. , Herbeck-Engel P. , Koch M. , Silina Y. E.
Published: February 2025

The development is proposed of a specific non-enzymatic amperometric sensor based on electrodeposited copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) for the determination of uric acid (UA) in fermentation samples. Through optimization of the Cu-NPs-containing sensing layer, it was demonstrated that copper(II)-induced oxidation (catalytic effect) in the presence of molecular oxygen is more effective for determining UA than the adsorption of UA on Cu and Cu-oxide surfaces. More importantly, simply changing the sensing layer’s surface chemistry by increasing the defect CuxOy on the surface of Cu-NPs after heating at 70 °C for only 20 min significantly improved the specificity of UA determination in both model and real fermentation samples (viz. supernatants of S. cerevisiae and E. coli). This study can be used as a guideline for the future assembly of functional electrodeposited sensing layers for the specific determination of target electroactive bioanalyte(s).

Graphical abstract
Use of intraoperative ultrasound in differentiating adamantinomatous versus papillary craniopharyngiomas and guiding resection through the endoscopic endonasal route
Authors: Biswas Chandrima , Abouammo Moataz D. , Pasquini Ludovica , Mansur Guilherme , Alsavaf Mohammad Bilal , Wu Kyle C. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prevedello Daniel M.
Published: February 2025

Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are surgically challenging tumors. The prevalence of BRAF mutation in papillary craniopharyngioma (PCP) and the positive response with BRAF-MEK inhibitors have shifted the treatment paradigm towards targeted therapy. However, maximal safe resection remains the goal, particularly for adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP). In this report, we describe two cases of CP where intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) was helpful in differentiating the subtype of CP, thus enabling intraoperative decision-making regarding the extent of resection. Additionally, IOUS images of three more (two PCP and one ACP) patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal resection for CPs were retrospectively evaluated. Each of these entities showed characteristic appearances on IOUS.
Stress distribution and deflection of symmetric tapered beams
Authors: Schoeftner Juergen
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses stress distributions and deflections of tapered beams. Assuming the elementary axial stress distribution and applying Jourawski theory, the shear stress is calculated. In an analogous manner, the transverse normal stress is computed. In contrast to prismatic beams, the shear and the transverse normal stress do not vanish over the surfaces if the beam height varies, even if surface tractions are not present. Their values also depend on the tapering angle and the axial stress at the boundary. Then analytical expressions for the deflections are computed by applying Castigliano’s second theorem and considering a fictitious (dummy) force. The complementary strain energy is computed from the derived stress relations as a function of the real load and the dummy forces and moments. Taking the partial derivative with respect to the dummy force, the analytical results for the axial and vertical deflections are calculated. The outcome of the derived tapered beam model is compared to elementary results from Bernoulli-Euler and Timoshenko. The target solutions are obtained by two-dimensional finite element calculations for a tapered cantilever and a clamped-hinged beam subjected to various loads. It is shown that both the shear stress and also the transverse normal stress are correctly predicted by the new method and the deflections computed by Castigliano’s theorem are in a very good agreement with numerical solutions. Errors are significantly reduced compared to the errors of the Timoshenko solution.
Water and electrolyte abnormalities in novel pharmacological agents for kidney disease and cancer
Authors: Terashita Maho , Yazawa Masahiko , Murakami Naoka , Nishiyama Akira ,   Electrolyte Winter Seminar Collaborative Group, Fujimaru Takuya , Fujita Yoshiro , Hirose Kazuhito , Kawada Kyogo , Monkawa Toshiaki , Nagahama Masahiko , Ogata Masatomo , Ryuge Akihiro , Shibagaki Yugo , Shimizu Hideaki , Sumi Hirofumi , Tominaga Naoto
Published: February 2025

This review article series on water and electrolyte disorders is based on the ‘Electrolyte Winter Seminar’ held annually for young nephrologists in Japan. This is the third article in this series that focuses on water and electrolyte disturbances caused by novel pharmacological agents for kidney disease and cancer. The advent of novel pharmacological agents in cardiorenal medicine and oncology has introduced both therapeutic benefits and challenges in managing medication-induced water and electrolyte disturbances. These medications, including sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (ns-MRAs), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), significantly impact water and electrolyte homeostasis. SGLT2 inhibitors used widely in diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease mitigate hyperkalemia and hypomagnesemia but increase the risk of hypernatremia in patients on fluid restriction. Conversely, they are beneficial for managing hyponatremia in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). ns-MRAs, prescribed for diabetic kidney disease, exhibit a high risk of hyperkalemia, particularly when combined with renin–angiotensin system inhibitors. ICIs, a breakthrough in oncology, frequently induce hyponatremia through immune-related adverse events, such as hypophysitis and non-immune-related adverse events like SIAD. Understanding the pathophysiology of these disturbances and implementing timely interventions, including hormone replacement and water and electrolyte management, is critical for optimizing treatment outcomes.
Transoral parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism—initial results of the European TOETVA/TOEPVA Study Group
Authors: Karakas Elias , Arikan Melisa ,   European TOETVA/TOEPVA Study group, Karakas Elias , Arikan Melisa , Scheuba Christian , Riss Philipp , Nikiforos Theocharis , Schopf Stefan , Klein Günther , Hummel Bianca , Schardey Martin , Busch Peter , Hermann Michael , Grabner Thomas , Makay Özer , Özdemir Murat , Karimov Ziya , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Casaril Andrea
Published: February 2025

Background

New surgical technologies inevitably require scrutiny. With the increasing introduction of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via vestibular access (TOETVA), it is imperative to also define the procedure for the parathyroid glands to ensure the clinically safe introduction and use of the transoral endoscopic parathyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOEPVA). This study aimed to evaluate this technique in preoperatively localized solitary parathyroid adenomas, which seem to be appropriate targets for transoral surgery due to their small size and the expected simplicity of removal via transoral access within the European Transoral Endoscopic Para‑/Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach Study Group.

Methods

This study included patients who underwent TOEPVA between February 2016 and February 2023 at seven European high-volume tertiary referral centers. Patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism, with positive preoperative localization, and without previous neck surgery or radiation were included. The data were analyzed regarding the use of preoperative localization procedures, success rates, duration of surgery, complications, and type of specimen collection.

Results

Overall, 29 (90.6%) patients underwent pure TOEPVA. In 3 (9.4%) patients, TOEPVA was combined with hemithyroidectomy. Cervical ultrasound (US) was performed for all 32 patients and yielded a positive result. Tc99m sestamibi scintigraphy with single-positron-emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed for 30 (93.8%) patients. Choline positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) was performed for 4 (12.5%) patients with positive results. The mean operative time was 102 ± 46.9 (range 40–260) min. The success rate was 100% on the first postoperative day. One (3.1%) patient had recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Conversion to open surgery, revision surgery, or local infection did not occur. At discharge, 2 (6.3%) patients had local swelling, 3 (9.4%) had discoloration in the chin area, and 1 (3.1%) patient had local sensory disturbance but no motor deficit.

Conclusion

This is the first European report on TOEPVA presented by the European TOETVA/TOEPVA Study Group. In accordance with the results of other study groups, our results show that TOEPVA performed by experienced endocrine surgeons is a safe alternative to conventional surgery, with results, complication rates, and success rates comparable with and equal to focused conventional parathyroid surgery in localized primary hyperparathyroidism. However, further experience and studies are needed to confirm the clinical benefit of this technique.
Metacognitive Beliefs and Body Image: Developing and Validating the Metacognitions About Physical Appearance Questionnaire
Authors: Kannis-Dymand Lee , Rune Karina , Mitchell Nicola , Carter Janet D. , Keech Jacob , Allen Andrew , Mulgrew Kate , Tod David , Lovell Geoff P.
Published: February 2025

Background

Appearance beliefs may negatively impact body image and psychological wellbeing. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop the Metacognitions about Physical Appearance Questionnaire (MPAQ).

Method

An initial 30-items were formulated after thematic analysis of clinicians’ (N = 23) reports regarding appearance-based metacognitive beliefs and feedback from laypeople. A cross-sectional design across two non-clinical samples (Sample 1 N = 370, M
age = 39.36, 79% female; Sample 2 N = 463, M
age = 30.88, 81% female) was then used to determine the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the MPAQ.

Results

Initial factor analyses supported a reduced 20-item MPAQ across two subscales (positive and negative beliefs about worry or rumination on physical appearance). Correlated residuals and cross-loadings detected with confirmatory factor analysis further reduced the MPAQ to 15 items (seven for positive, eight for negative). Reliability and convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of the MPAQ-15 were supported in both samples.

Conclusion

The current study provides preliminary support for the MPAQ as a reliable and valid measure of metacognitions about physical appearance. The measure may be beneficial for researchers and clinicians working with individuals with body image concerns. Further psychometric evaluation of the MPAQ is recommended, including test-retest reliability and validation of the measure in diverse populations.
EC-STM Noise Analysis for an Accurate Distinction of Electrocatalytic Surface Domains under Reaction Conditions
Authors: Deville Lewin V. , Liao Qingdian , Bautista Rodrigo , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: February 2025

With increasing CO2 pollution, the environment around us changes, necessitating our adaptation to these new conditions. A significant milestone in solving the environmental crisis would be the so-called hydrogen economy. However, this concept still faces substantial challenges as the required catalytic reactions show sluggish efficiency behaviors. To develop new generations of active electrocatalysts for those reactions better understanding of the nature of active sites is required. In 2017, Pfisterer et al. [1] demonstrated the power of tunneling current-noise analysis in electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (n-EC-STM) to detect active centers under reaction conditions. In this work, a new analytical tool has been developed to further enhance the distinction of active domains on catalytic surfaces. Additionally, an “activity curve” is introduced to achieve enhanced data representation. Several illustrative examples related to the reactions important for energy provision are presented.
A Review of Recent Advances in the Understanding of Thermomechanical Fatigue Durability and Failure Mechanisms in Nickel-Based Superalloys
Authors: Moverare J. , Lancaster R. J. , Jones J. , Stekovic S. , Whittaker M. T.
Published: February 2025

Nickel-based superalloys operate primarily in high-temperature environments where their unique microstructure provides operational capability far in excess of many other engineering materials. As such these materials often operate in applications where thermal cycles occur alongside mechanical fatigue, giving rise to the phenomenon of thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF). The field of study of TMF has historically been limited due to the need for improved experimental methods to replicate in-service cycles appropriately and provide usable data for component lifing. With the development of international test standards the field has developed rapidly over the past two decades and this paper seeks to review the recent work in the field in the areas of both single crystal and polycrystalline materials to provide a state of the art summary of the current position of the field related to durability and failure mechanisms.
Factors Affecting Histological Gastric Wall Thickness in Japanese Patients with Obesity
Authors: Endo Yuichi , Orimoto Hiroki , Nakamura Shun , Miyoshino Wataru , Nagasawa Yuiko , Kawano Yoko , Takayama Hiroomi , Masuda Takashi , Hirashita Teijiro , Inomata Masafumi
Published: February 2025

Background

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become a widely utilized surgical procedure for losing weight since its approval for insurance coverage in Japan in 2014. Its efficacy has been demonstrated by research, but data concerning gastric wall thickness following surgery remain unavailable. Hence, this study aimed to measure gastric wall thickness in resected, formalin-fixed specimens and explore the influence of obesity-related comorbidities on these measurements.

Methods

This prospective study included 53 patients undergoing bariatric surgery at Oita University Hospital. Full-layer thickness (FLT) and muscle-layer thickness (MLT) in the antrum, body, and fornix of resected gastric specimens were measured. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, and surgical procedure were also collected and analyzed using JMP software. Furthermore, associations between gastric wall thickness and patient factors were assessed.

Results

The mean FLT in the antrum, body, and fornix was 2.9, 2.6, and 2.3 mm, with corresponding MLT of 1.2, 1.0, and 0.9 mm, respectively. The antrum exhibited the thickest gastric wall, whereas the fornix was the thinnest. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was associated with decreased MLT in the fornix, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affected both FLT and MLT in the antrum.

Conclusions

Comorbidities such as DM and OSA significantly influence gastric wall thickness, particularly in the antrum and fornix. Understanding these variations is critical for optimizing surgical techniques and selecting the right stapler in LSG.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Analysis for the Geographical Origin Traceability of New Zealand Hops
Authors: Fanning Emily , Eyres Graham T. , Frew Russell , Kebede Biniam
Published: February 2025

The increased demand for hops with distinctive aromas by the craft brewing industry has elevated the risk of fraudulent activities linked to their origin. Given the significant rise in food fraud and consumers’ growing attention to origin transparency, there is a need for rapid authentication methods to verify origin. This study employed near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis for the geographical origin traceability of New Zealand hops at the regional and farm levels. Three hop cultivars were collected from eight farms in the Tasman region of New Zealand. Additionally, six cultivar pairs were compared between the Tasman and Central Otago regions. The raw NIR spectra were preprocessed, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed for classification. The Suderdelic™ cultivar displayed the highest separation between the farms, with each sample forming distinct groups without any overlap. The Nectaron® cultivar displayed three primary clusters, while the Nelson Sauvin™ cultivar illustrated the least variation between farm origins. The regional samples PLS-DA classification model revealed genetics as the dominant factor, where the samples from the same cultivar were positioned close to each other. Interestingly, an apparent location effect emerged in the third dimension of the PLS-DA model. This study demonstrated the potential of NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis to rapidly classify hop samples by their geographical origin at different scales (farms and regions), thereby aiding in the prevention and detection of food fraud related to origin.
Forensic considerations in cases of fatal constipation
Authors: Byard Roger W , Langlois Neil E I , Tiemensma Marianne
Published: February 2025

Constipation is characterized by persistent difficulty in defecating. It is a common disorder in the community particularly affecting the elderly and those with intellectual disabilities and neuropsychiatric disorders. It is also caused by numerous medications including analgesic, antidepressant, antihypertensive and anticholinergic agents. It may be asymptomatic or it may produce abdominal pain/cramps, bloating, nausea and anorexia progressing to urinary incontinence and fecal impaction, or paradoxical diarrhea due to overflow. A wide range of mechanisms associated with constipation may result in death including bowel obstruction, stercoral colitis with ulceration, perforation and peritonitis, respiratory compromise, abdominal compartment syndrome and venous thrombosis with pulmonary thromboembolism. Constipation may exacerbate pre-existing diseases and treatments such as laxative and enemas may be lethal. The autopsy examination of a case with constipation and megacolon should take into account all of the pre-existing conditions, as well as the possibility of underlying disorders such as Hirschprung disease. Review of the decedent’s medical and drug history and level of supportive care will be important. Toxicological evaluations may be useful.
Poverty and food security impacts of sustainable intensification: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Sariyev Orkhan , Asravor Jacob , Zeller Manfred
Published: February 2025

As sustainable intensification is a major pathway for improving agricultural productivity and reducing the environmental impacts of land use, the Government of Ethiopia and international development organizations have been promoting several practices and technologies for sustainable intensification. Using panel data from 368 farming households in Ethiopia from 2014, 2016, and 2019, this study gauges the poverty and food security impacts of Integrated Soil Fertility Management technologies and their combined use with conservation agriculture practices, specifically minimum tillage and crop rotation. We find significant positive effects of ISFM adoption in terms of increasing dietary diversity and food expenditure and reducing food insecurity. In terms of poverty, ISFM adoption decreases the probability of being poor, the poverty gap, and the severity of poverty. When combined with CA practices, we find that the effects are consistently larger for farmers who integrate ISFM and CA for all food security and poverty measures. Our findings strongly suggest that the adoption of ISFM technologies has significant positive implications for poverty reduction and improved food security. These benefits are likely to gain a considerable boost if ISFM technologies are applied together with CA practices.