bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erythema Annulare Centrifugum in a Patient with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia on Ponatinib
Authors: Maharjan Kripa , Adhikari Sudeep , Amatya Amit , Kayastha Gyan , Basnyat Buddha
Published: June 2020

Informed consent: Written informed consent for the paper to be published (including images, case history and data) was obtained from the patient/guardian for publication of this paper, including accompanying images.
Septic Arthritis of the Knee Caused by Cupping (Hijama)
Authors: Hasbani Georges El , Jawad Ali , Uthman Imad
Published: June 2020

Informed consent: No informed consent was obtained from the patient because we lost complete contact with him. Additionally, we made sure that no personal information has been revealed in the manuscript.
If Case Reports be the Food of Knowledge, Write On: Our Cases of the Quarter
Authors: Slater Stefan
Published: June 2020

The value of publishing case reports has long been debated and the arguments are summarised. Last year, to encourage trainees, the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh's Senior Fellows Club inaugurated an annual prize for the best case report or case series published in the Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh by a doctor in training. Some of the highlights of last year's entries are reviewed, commented on and developed. They include cases of myelofibrosis and cherubism due to secondary hyperparathyroidism from renal failure; reversible blindness in diabetic ketoacidosis; the long QT syndrome; ictal asystole; giant cell arteritis; tumour necrosis factor-a inhibition in Lyme borreliosis; and cannabis hyperemesis syndrome.
Three Poisonous Plants (Oenanthe, Cicuta and Anamirta) That Antagonise the Effect of Γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Human Brain
Authors: Lee Michael R , Dukan Estela , Milne Iain
Published: June 2020

Although we are familiar with common British plants that are poisonous, such as Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) and Aconitum napellus (monkshood), the two most poisonous plants in the British Flora are Oenanthe crocata (dead man's fingers) and Cicuta virosa (cowbane). In recent years their poisons have been shown to be polyacetylenes (n-C2H2). The plants closely resemble two of the most common plants in the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), celery and parsley. Unwittingly, they are ingested by naive foragers and death occurs very rapidly. The third plant Anamirta derives from South-East Asia and contains a powerful convulsant, picrotoxin, which has been used from time immemorial to catch fish, and more recently to poison Birds of Paradise. All three poisons have been shown to block the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in the human brain that normally has a powerful inhibitory neuronal action. It has also been established that two groups of sedative drugs, barbiturates and benzodiazepines, exert their inhibitory action by stimulating the GABA system. These drugs are the treatments of choice for poisoning by the three vicious plants.
Rcpe Symposium – Cardiology
Authors: Joshi Shruti S
Published: June 2020

The Cardiology symposium was held on Thursday 31 October 2019 at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Using machine learning to derive cloud condensation nuclei number concentrations from commonly available measurements
Authors: Nair Arshad Arjunan , Yu Fangqun
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations are an important aspect of aerosol–cloud interactions and the subsequent climate effects; however, their measurements are very limited. We use a machine learning tool, random decision forests, to develop a Random Forest Regression Model (RFRM) to derive CCN at 0.4 % supersaturation ([CCN0.4]) from commonly available measurements. The RFRM is trained on the long-term simulations in a global size-resolved particle microphysics model. Using atmospheric state and composition variables as predictors, through associations of their variabilities, the RFRM is able to learn the underlying dependence of [CCN0.4] on these predictors, which are: 8 fractions of PM2.5 (NH4, SO4, NO3, secondary organic aerosol (SOA), black carbon (BC), primary organic carbon (POC), dust, and salt), 7 gaseous species (NOx, NH3, O3, SO2, OH, isoprene, and monoterpene), and 4 meteorological variables (temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), precipitation, and solar radiation). The RFRM is highly robust: median mean fractional bias (MFB) of 4.4 % with ~ 96.33 % of the derived [CCN0.4] within a good agreement range of −60 %
From the Sun to Earth: effects of the 25 August 2018 geomagnetic storm
Authors: Piersanti Mirko , De Michelis Paola , Del Moro Dario , Tozzi Roberta , Pezzopane Michael , Consolini Giuseppe , Marcucci Maria Federica , Laurenza Monica , Di Matteo Simone , Pignalberi Alessio , Quattrociocchi Virgilio , Diego Piero
Published: June 2020

Abstract. On 25 August 2018 the interplanetary counterpart of the 20 August 2018 coronal mass ejection (CME) hit Earth, giving rise to a strong G3 geomagnetic storm. We present a description of the whole sequence of events from the Sun to the ground as well as a detailed analysis of the observed effects on Earth's environment by using a multi-instrumental approach.
We studied the ICME (interplanetary-CME) propagation in interplanetary space up to the analysis of its effects in the magnetosphere, ionosphere and at ground level. To accomplish this task, we used ground- and space-collected data, including data from CSES (China Seismo-Electric Satellite), launched on 11 February 2018. We found a direct connection between the ICME impact point on the magnetopause and the pattern of Earth's auroral electrojets. Using the Tsyganenko TS04 model prevision, we were able to correctly identify the principal magnetospheric current system activating during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm. Moreover, we analysed the space weather effects associated with the 25 August 2018 solar event in terms of the evaluation of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) and identification of possible GPS (Global Positioning System) losses of lock. We found that, despite the strong geomagnetic storm, no loss of lock had been detected. On the contrary, the GIC hazard was found to be potentially more dangerous than other past, more powerful solar events, such as the 2015 St Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm, especially at latitudes higher than 60∘ in the European sector.
Simulating compound weather extremes responsible for critical crop failure with stochastic weather generators
Authors: Pfleiderer Peter , Jézéquel Aglaé , Legrand Juliette , Legrix Natacha , Markantonis Iason , Vignotto Edoardo , Yiou Pascal
Published: June 2020

Abstract. In 2016, northern France experienced an unprecedented wheat crop loss. This extreme event was likely due to a sequence of particular meteorological conditions, i.e. too few cold days in late autumn-winter and an abnormally high precipitation during the spring season. The cause of this event is not fully understood yet and none of the most used crop forecast models were able to predict the event (Ben-Ari et al., 2018). Here we focus on a compound meteorological hazard (warm winter and wet spring) that could lead to a crop loss. This work is motivated by two main questions: were the 2016 meteorological conditions the most extreme under current climate? and what would be the worst case meteorological scenario that would lead to the worst crop loss? To answer these questions, instead of relying on computationally intensive climate model simulations, we use an analogue-based importance sampling algorithm that was recently introduced into this field of research (Yiou and Jézéquel, 2020). This algorithm is a modification of a stochastic weather generator (SWG) that gives more weight to trajectories with more extreme meteorological conditions (here temperature and precipitation). This approach is inspired from importance sampling of complex systems (Ragone et al., 2017). This data-driven technique constructs artificial weather events by combining daily observations in a dynamically realistic manner and in a relatively fast way. This paper explains how a SWG for extreme winter temperature and spring precipitation can be constructed in order to generate large samples of such extremes. We show that, with some adjustments, both types of weather events can be adequately simulated with SWGs, highlighting the wide applicability of the method. We find that the number of cold days in late autumn 2015 was close to the plausible maximum. But our simulations of extreme spring precipitation show that considerably wetter springs than what was observed in 2016 are possible. Although the crop loss of 2016 relation to climate variability is not fully understood yet, these results indicate that similar events with higher 20 impacts could be possible in present-day climate conditions.
Landslides as geological hotspots of CO2 to the atmosphere: clues from the instrumented Séchilienne landslide, Western European Alps
Authors: Nevers Pierre , Bouchez Julien , Gaillardet Jérôme , Thomazo Christophe , Faure Laeticia , Bertrand Catherine
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This study makes use of a highly instrumented active landslide observatory (9 years of data) in the French Alps, the Séchilienne slope. Using a combination of major element chemistry and isotopes ratios (87Sr / 86Sr, δ34S) measured in different water types of the stable and unstable part of the Séchilienne instability to assess the contribution of the different lithologies of the slope and the chemical weathering mechanisms. Chemical and isotopic ratios appear useful to characterize weathering processes and the origin of waters and their flowpaths through the massif. A mixing model allows us to allocate the different major elements to different sources and quantify the involvement sulfuric and carbonic acids as a source of protons. As a consequence of the model, we are able to show that the instability creates favorable and sustained conditions for the production of sulfuric acid by pyrite oxidation by supplying reactive surfaces. We clearly identify the contribution of gypsum dissolution to the sulfate budget in the landslide. We are also able to refine the pre-existing hydrogeological views on the local water circulation and water flow paths in the instability but showing the hydrological connectivity of the different zones. Overall, our results show that the Séchilienne landslide, despite its role in accelerating rock chemical and physical weathering, acts, at a geological time scale (i.e. at timescales longer that carbonate precipitation in the ocean) as a source of CO2 to the atmosphere. If generalizable to other instable zones in mountain ranges, this study illustrates the complex coupling between physical and chemical erosion and climate. The study also highlights the importance of deciphering between sulfite oxidation and gypsum dissolution as a source of sulfate ions to rivers, particularly in mountain ranges.
New flood frequency estimates for the largest river in Norway based on the combination of short and long time series
Authors: Engeland Kolbjørn , Aano Anna , Steffensen Ida , Støren Eivind , Paasche Øyvind
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Glomma river is the largest in Norway with a catchment area of 154 450 km2. People living near the shores of this river are frequently exposed to destructive floods that impair local cities and communities. Unfortunately, design flood predictions are hampered by uncertainty since the standard flood records are much shorter than the requested return period and also the climate is expected to change in the coming decades. Here we combine systematic- historical and paleo-information in an effort to improve flood frequency analysis and better understand potential linkages to both climate and non-climatic forcing. Specifically, we (i) compile historical flood data from the existing literature, (ii) produce high resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Magnetic Susceptibility (MS) and Computed Tomography (CT) scanning data from a sediment core covering the last 10 300 years, and (iii) integrate these data sets in order to better estimate design floods and assess non-stationarities. Based on observations from Lake Flyginnsjøen, receiving sediments from Glomma only when it reaches a certain threshold, we can estimate flood frequency in a moving window of 50 years across millennia revealing that past flood frequency is non-stationary on different time scales. We observe that periods with increased flood activity (4000–2000 years ago and
Long-term total water storage change from a Satellite Water Cycle reconstruction over large southern Asian basins
Authors: Pellet Victor , Aires Filipe , Papa Fabrice , Munier Simon , Decharme Bertrand
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The total water storage change (TWSC) over land is a major component of the global water cycle, with a large influence on the climate variability, sea level budget and water resource availability for human life. Its first estimates at a large scale were made available with GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) observations for the 2002–2016 period, followed since 2018 by the launch of the GRACE-FO (Follow-On) mission. In this paper, using an approach based on the water mass conservation rule, we propose to merge satellite-based observations of precipitation and evapotranspiration with in situ river discharge measurements to estimate TWSC over longer time periods (typically from 1980 to 2016), compatible with climate studies. We performed this task over five major Asian basins, subject to both large climate variability and strong anthropogenic pressure for water resources and for which long-term records of in situ discharge measurements are available. Our Satellite Water Cycle (SAWC) reconstruction provides TWSC estimates very coherent in terms of seasonal and interannual variations with independent sources of information such as (1) TWSC GRACE-derived observations (over the 2002–2015 period), (2) ISBA-CTRIP (Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere CNRM – Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques – Total Runoff Integrating Pathways) model simulations (1980–2015) and (3) the multi-satellite inundation extent (1993–2007). This analysis shows the advantages of the use of multiple satellite-derived datasets along with in situ data to perform a hydrologically coherent reconstruction of a missing water component estimate. It provides a new critical source of information for the long-term monitoring of TWSC and to better understand its critical role in the global and terrestrial water cycle.
Meaning, Metaphor, and Chaucer's “thikke knarre”
Authors: Machan Tim William
Published: June 2020

One of the best-known descriptions in the General Prologue is that of the Miller as a “thikke knarre.” Since the first glossary of Chaucer in Thomas Speght's 1598 Workes, knarre has been related to a Dutch word and literally defined as a stump or thick piece of wood, here with the metaphorical sense of “rugged fellow.” This sense would be unique to the word in the Middle English record, and in fact derivation from the Dutch word has difficulties with semantics, phonology, and lexicography as well as with rhetorical appropriateness. This article proposes a different derivation from a Norse word meaning “freighter,” and more broadly argues that a great deal of secondary evidence can sustain a conclusion that actually has very little primary support. Sometimes history, whether linguistic or social, repeats itself precisely because historians, perhaps in part due to the thinness of the record, cause it to do so.
Body Hopping: A Thought Experiment
Authors: Martin Adrian
Published: June 2020

This article is a speculative investigation into the depiction of “body hopping”—an entity inhabiting a string of different bodies—in popular cinema since the 1980s. This trope features in genres ranging from horror and sci-fi to teen films and romantic comedies. Although often a narrative premise of dubious logic, body hopping offers us a way, as spectators, to enter into an imaginatively projected fantasy of the human body and its powers. I contrast this “neurotic” but creative logic of conceptualizing the body with the more recent philosophical school of “embodiment.” My case study is the career of actor Claudia Christian, who moved from 1980s genres to general recognition on the TV series Babylon 5 in the 1990s—but always retaining her persona of an “ideal” woman who is also “off-norm” in appearance and behavior. Christian’s published autobiography and her role in the body-hopper special The Hidden (1987) are discussed.
RESEARCH PROGRAMME ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS: KEY RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: Shegay Alex , Dashti Farhad , Hogan Lucas , Lu Yiqiu , Niroomandi Arsalan , Seifi Pouya , Zhang Tongyue , Dhakal Rajesh , Elwood Kenneth , Henry Richard , Pampanin Stefano
Published: June 2020

A wide range of reinforced concrete (RC) wall performance was observed following the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes, with most walls performing as expected, but some exhibiting undesirable and unexpected damage and failure characteristics. A comprehensive research programme, funded by the Building Performance Branch of the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, and involving both numerical and experimental studies, was developed to investigate the unexpected damage observed in the earthquakes and provide recommendations for the design and assessment procedures for RC walls. In particular, the studies focused on the performance of lightly reinforced walls; precast walls and connections; ductile walls; walls subjected to bi-directional loading; and walls prone to out-of-plane instability. This paper summarises each research programme and provides practical recommendations for the design and assessment of RC walls based on key findings, including recommended changes to NZS 3101 and the NZ Seismic Assessment Guidelines.
Controversies in the management of clinical stage 1 testis cancer
Authors: Nason Gregory J. , Chung Peter , Warde Padraig , Huddart Robert , Albers Peter , Kollmannsberger Christian , Booth Christopher M. , Hansen Aaron R. , Bedard Philippe L. , Einhorn Lawrence , Nichols Craig , Rendon Ricardo A. , Wood Lori , Jewett Michael A.S. , Hamilton Robert J.
Published: June 2020

In November 2018, The Canadian Testis Cancer Workshop was convened.  The two-day workshop involved urologists, medical and radiation oncologists, pathologists, radiologists, physician’s assistants, residents and fellows, nurses, patients and patient advocacy groups.   One of the goals of the workshop was to discuss the challenging areas of testis cancer care where guidelines may not be specific.  The objective was to distill through discussion around cases, expert approach to working through these challenges. Herein we present a summary of discussion from the workshop around controversies in the management of clinical stage 1 (CS1) disease. CS1 represents organ confined non-metastatic testis cancer that represents approximately 70-80% of men at presentation. Regardless of management, CS1 has an excellent prognosis. However, without adjuvant treatment, approximately 30% of CS1 nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) and 15% of CS1 seminoma relapse. The workshop reviewed that while surveillance has become the standard for the majority of patients with CS1 disease there remains debate in the management of patients at high-risk of relapse. The controversy in the management of CS1 testis cancer surrounds the optimal balance between the morbidity of overtreatment and the identification of patients who may derive most benefit from adjuvant treatment. The challenge lies in a shared decision process where discussion of options extends beyond the simple risk of relapse but to include the long-term toxicities of adjuvant treatments and the favorable cancer-specific survival.
Zijn boilerplates ter zake van de beperking van het rechterlijk ingrijpen bij dwaling acceptabel?
Authors: van Wechem T.H.M. , Rijsterborgh A.J.
Published: June 2020

Zijn boilerplates ter zake van de beperking van het rechterlijk ingrijpen bij dwaling acceptabel?

De auteurs onderzoeken de vraag of partijen de rechtsgevolgen van dwaling, voor zover deze betrekking heeft op de wijzigingsbevoegdheid van de rechter op grond van artikel 6:230 lid 2 BW, contractueel regelen; kunnen partijen afstand doen van een rechtsvordering (of verweer) op grond van laatstgenoemd artikel en de rechter op dit punt buitenspel zetten? Alhoewel de Hoge Raad zich nog niet over deze vraag heeft uitgelaten en er goede argumenten voor een ander standpunt zijn, beantwoorden de auteurs de door hen gestelde vraag voorshands ontkennend.
Het non-concurrentiebeding in de franchiseovereenkomst anno 2020
Authors: Kolenbrander J.H.
Published: June 2020

Het non-concurrentiebeding in de franchiseovereenkomst anno 2020

Deze reeks artikelen betreft een overzicht van jurisprudentie ter zake het postcontractuele non-concurrentiebeding in de franchiseovereenkomst. In deze aflevering komen onder andere de redelijkheid en billijkheid, de pre-emptive strike en betrokken derden aan de orde.
Wspomaganie dietą układu odpornościowego w walce z infekcją
Authors: Ławniczek-Wałczyk Anna , Orysiak Joanna , Stobnicka Agata
Published: June 2020

Obawy związane z koronawirusem spowodowały, że w mediach społecznościowych pojawiło się wiele niemedycznych porad, jak wzmacniać układ odpornościowy, aby nie zachorować. Mimo że obecnie nie dysponujemy potwierdzonymi dowodami naukowymi wskazującymi, jakoby pojedynczy naturalny produkt spożywczy lub suplement diety stymulowały istotnie ludzki układ odpornościowy lub zapobiegały zakażeniom powodowanym przez SARS-CoV-2, to istnieje wiele skutecznych zachowań, strategii żywieniowych i treningowych, które mogą zmniejszać narażenie na patogeny i ograniczać immunosupresję, a przez to najprawdopodobniej redukować ryzyko wystąpienia choroby. Artykuł zawiera informacje na temat najistotniejszych czynników, których wpływ na funkcjonowanie układu immunologicznego w literaturze naukowej jest najlepiej udokumentowany.
Porównanie rozwiązań w kontekście systemu ostrzegającego osoby stosujące ochronniki słuchu przed zbliżającymi się pojazdami
Authors: Młyński Rafał , Kozłowski Emil , Morzyński Leszek
Published: June 2020

Hałas obecny w środowisku pracy, oprócz najczęściej zauważanych skutków w postaci ubytków słuchu u pracowników, powoduje również maskowanie dźwięków, które w miejscu pracy są użyteczne. Czynnikiem, związanym z występowaniem hałasu, także utrudniającym percepcję dźwięków użytecznych, jest stosowanie ochronników słuchu. Istotne jest zatem stworzenie pracownikom stosującym ochronniki słuchu dodatkowej możliwości przekazywania informacji o zagrożeniu, np. związanym z przemieszczającymi się pojazdami.

W artykule przedstawiono prace nad rozwiązaniami będącymi podstawą do opracowania systemu ostrzegania pracowników stosujących ochronniki słuchu przed kolizją z pojazdem. Prace te polegały na wyborze i testowaniu rozwiązań, które potencjalnie mogłyby być użyte w tym systemie. Pierwszym analizowanym rozwiązaniem był układ umożliwiający odczytywanie wartości wskaźnika wskazującego na moc odbieranego sygnału radiowego (RSSI), zbudowany z wykorzystaniem urządzenia klasy Bluetooth klasy 2. Niestety odległość, w odniesieniu do której wartość RSSI zmienia się w sposób możliwy do wykorzystania w systemie, jest ograniczona do kilku metrów. Kolejnym analizowanym rozwiązaniem był system funkcjonujący na zasadzie detekcji obecności nadajnika w strefie wokół pracownika. Badania wskazały na możliwość detekcji sygnału w otwartej przestrzeni przy prędkościach nie większych niż ok. 3 km/h. Trzecim analizowanym rozwiązaniem był układ, w którym nadajnik zbudowano na bazie urządzenia Bluetooth klasy 1, zapewniającego większą moc sygnału radiowego. Badania wskazały na możliwość prawidłowej oceny odległości pojazd – pracownik w wymaganym zakresie odległości. Zdecydowano więc, że to rozwiązanie będzie dalej rozwijane.
Thermal analysis of matrix composite
reinforced with Al2O3 particles
Authors: Włodarczyk-Fligier A. , Polok-Rubiniec M. , Konieczny J.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present a modern manufacturing method of production
and compare the thermal, mechanical, properties of composite materials with aluminium
alloy matrix reinforced by Al2O3 particles.
Design/methodology/approach: The material for investigation was manufactured by the
method of powder metallurgy (consolidation, pressing, hot concurrent extrusion of powder
mixtures of aluminium EN AW-AlCu4Mg1 (A) and ceramic particles Al2O3). The amount of the
added powder was in the range of 5 mass.%, 10 mass.% and 15 mass.%.
Findings: The received results concerning the enhancement of hardness, which show
the possibility of obtaining the MMC composite materials with required microstructure,
influencing the properties of the new elaborated composite materials components.
Concerning the thermal properties, especially the linear thermal expansion coefficient was
measured, as well as the dilatometric change of the sample length was analysed.
Practical implications: Concerning practical implications it can be stated that the tested
composite materials can be applied among others in the transportation industry, but it
requires additional research.
Originality/value: The received results show the possibility of obtaining new composite
materials with controlled and required microstructure with possible practical implications.
Analysis of friction interaction and
optimisation of detail surface hardening
technologies using non-local mathematical
models
Authors: Lyashenko B.A. , Stotsko Z.A. , Kuzin O.A. , Kuzin M.O. , Mechnik V.A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The aim of the work is to build physically sound engineering and design schemes
that take into account the behaviour of polycrystalline metal systems under intense loads
and allow optimization of surface treatment technologies to increase the operational
reliability parameters of products.
Design/methodology/approach: Using the approaches of thermodynamics, a methodological
scheme is proposed, on the basis of which it is possible to optimize surface
engineering technologies to increase the contact durability of details.
Findings: It was found that the maximum increase in the durability of steel 40X13 (AISI
420) is achieved with thermocyclic ion nitriding in a cycle of ± 50°C, and the minimum with
isothermal nitriding.
Research limitations/implications: In this paper, the optimization of technological
solutions to increase the contact durability of structural elements operating under prevailing
power loads is given.
Practical implications: Using the proposed mathematical relationships, optimal technological
regimes of ion-plasma nitriding were established for various operating conditions,
under which the maximum durability and wear resistance of 40X13 (AISI 420) steel are ensured.
Originality/value: The paper proposes an approach to the formation of functionally
gradient surface layers of steel with specified operational parameters when choosing
optimal nitriding technology modes based on nonlocal mathematical models.
Quantificação de açúcares totais e auxina no desenvolvimento inicial de mini-toletes de cana-de-açúcar
Authors: Sousa Bruno Teixeira de , Zucareli Valdir , Martins Andréia Paula Carneiro
Published: June 2020

Reserve carbohydrate and auxinspresent in the stalk are involved in the development of sugarcane plant. Thus, this study aimed to quantify total sugarsand auxin of type indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in the initial development of stalks and sugarcane buds, as a function of diameter and position in the stalk. The experiment was conducted in a 3x3 factorial scheme (diameter x stalk section), with four replicates. Eleven-month-old plants stalks were classified into three diameters (fine < 2 cm; medium 2-3 cm; thick > 3 cm) and divided into three sections (apex, middle and base). Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and when significant the means were compared by the Tukey (p≤0.05). The diameter factor resulted in greater interference in the content of the biochemical variables evaluated (sugars and auxin), in comparation to stalk section. Biometric variables (length and dry mass of shoot and roots, budding and budding speed index), in general, were mostly affected by stalk section factor. The diameter factor interfered in the content of endogenous auxin in the stalk and buds. Root growth was related to endogenous auxin concentration and the highest sprouting percentage was obtained from the apical section of the talk due to the availability of reducing sugars content.The use of mini-stalks for the propagation of sugarcane proved feasible.Keyword:apical dominance;plant hormone; propagation;Saccharum spp.
Cultivo de amendoim em função da adubação e do espaçamento entre plantas em sistema de sequeiro e irrigação complementar
Authors: Pinto Antonio  Alves , Pinto Leandro  Alves , Santana Laudeline  Dantas , Camara Felipe Thomaz  da , Silva Luis Fernando Vieira da
Published: June 2020

In the rigion Nordeste, the peanutis cultivated almost exclusively by family agriculture producers with low technological levels, in addition to the low use of inputs, essential to ensure better productivity. Objective to evaluate the performance and productivity of peanut subjected to doses of fertilization and spacing between plants, in the rainfed system and irrigation system. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of cariri. Two experiments were conducted in randomized blocks in parcel scheme subdivided, with four replicates.The plots were four doses of fertilization on sowing (0, 50, 100 and 150%) and the subplots two spaces between plants (10 and 20 cm). The peanut cultivar used was the BRS151L7. Sowing was carried out manually, depositing-if 5 and 10 as the spacing between plants. The harvest was carried out manually to 90 days after sowing.The variables population initial and final population showed significant (p < 0.01) to the spacing between plants in system rainfed and irrigation system. The mass of plants and grains per plant showed significant difference to 1% in the spacing for the irrigation system. In the fertilizing factor, the height of plants was the only variable thatshowed significance (p < 0.05). The application of 80% of the recommended dose of phosphorus and potassium is enough to meet the need of culture. The 10 cm spacing between plants was the best for culture.The use of supplemental irrigation has increased by more than 300% the productivity of grain and peanut pods.
Psychoactive Substance Use, Sexual Harassment, and Self-Esteem Among Female Nigerian Undergraduates: Prevalence, Patterns, and Associations
Authors: Akpunne Bede Chinonye , Akinnawo Ebenezer Olutope , Bello Ibukunoluwa Busayo , Olajire Oluyinka Olutola
Published: June 2020

Background: Globally, psychoactive substance use (PSU) and sexual harassment of female undergraduates are strongly linked and regarded as major public health concerns. However, research efforts on these problems are yet to be given adequate attention in Nigeria. Objectives: This study examined the patterns and predictive influence of PSU on exposure to sexual harassment and the self-esteem of female undergraduates. Patients and Methods: Stratified sampling was used to select 500 female polytechnic undergraduates (mean age = 20.8), across four randomly selected departments, who responded to Sexual Experiences survey (SES), Substance Abuse Prevalence scale (SAPS), and Rosenberg Self- Esteem scale. Data collection took place in the school community within five days. Frequency counts were employed to analyze participants’ demographic characteristics, while multiple regression analysis was used to answer the research questions. Results: Reported patterns of sexual harassment were 62.8%, ranging from 7.4% rape to 39.2% sexual contact. 26.8% of the sexual harassment took place in the school environment with school mates and teachers as perpetrators. The prevalence of PSU was 73.4%. A significant positive correlation was observed between age and PSU, between age and sexual harassment, and between PSU and sexual harassment. PSU significantly predicted exposure to sexual harassment (R2 = 0.065, P = 0.005) but failed to predict self-esteem significantly (R2 = 0.028, P = 0.115). Conclusions: Our findings revealed the need to urgently curtail sexual harassment of students, considering the threats it poses to the Nigerian academic clime and its staggering cost to the current and future states of the Nigerian society at large.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Naqid Ibrahim A , Balatay Amer A , Hussein Nawfal Rasheed , Saeed Kurdistan Abdullah , Ahmed Hiba Abdulaziz , Yousif Shivan Hassan
Published: June 2020

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common causative agents of bacterial infections. The emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli is a major public health threat worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical isolates of E. coli from different samples. Methods: A total number of 454 clinical samples, including urine, wound, cervical swab, blood, semen, ascetic, and cerebral spinal fluid samples were collected from patients between January 2017 and February 2020. Then, E. coli was confirmed and susceptibility to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 compact system. Results: Escherichia coli isolates were more frequent in females (70.7%) than in males (29.3%). In the case of urine samples, E. coli was found to be highly susceptible to ertapenem (97.6%) and imipenem (96.4%) but resistant to ampicillin (87.8%). For wound and cervical swabs, E. coli was 100% resistant to ampicillin and cefepime but 100% sensitive to ertapenem and imipenem. It was found that E. coli isolates from blood samples were 100% resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefoxitin, and around 75% of them were sensitive to ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Finally, E. coli isolated from other clinical samples were highly sensitive to ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and cefazolin. Conclusions: Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens showed differences in antibiotic sensitivity patterns, with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli isolates were ertapenem, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. However, the clinical isolates of E. coli displayed high resistance rates to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. Therefore, it is proposed to perform antibiotic sensitivity testing by physicians to select the most effective antibiotics.
William of Ockham, Andrew of Neufchateau, and the Origins of Divine Command Theory
Authors: Clanton J. Caleb , Martin Kraig ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2020

William of Ockham is often thought to be the medieval progenitor of divine command theory (hereafter DCT). This paper contends that the origin of a thoroughgoing and fully reductive DCT position is perhaps more appropriately laid at the feet of Andrew of Neufchateau. We begin with a brief recapitulation of an interpretive dispute surrounding Ockham in order to highlight how there is enough ambiguity in his work about the metaphysical foundations of morality to warrant suspicion about whether he actually stands at the origin of DCT. We then show how all such ambiguity is jettisoned in the work of Andrew, who explicitly rejects a position similar to one plausibly attributable to Ockham and also articulates a fully reductive DCT.
Integrating Spirituality and Mental Health Services
Authors: McWhorter Matthew ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2020

Contemporary mental health professionals exhibit interest in integrating spirituality into the services they provide to clients. This clinical integration raises questions about both the goals of mental health services and the professional relevance of mental health providers’ spiritual competency. Drawing on the Christian anthropology of St. Thomas Aquinas, Benedict Ashley’s approach to psychotherapy differentiates psychopharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and spiritual approaches on the basis of the different domains of a client’s personality. These domains are the focus of different professions, and Ashley’s account suggests that mental health providers who lack additional spiritual-moral training should adopt a clinical model that recognizes their work is spiritually oriented but not spiritually directive.
Facing a Post-Truth Era, a Fierce Commitment to Data Must Guide the Abortion Debate
Authors: Camosy Charles C. , Collier Kristin ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2020

Academic medical ethics must be a bulwark against a disturbing trend toward post-truth cultures. Activism of course has its place in massive cultural debates like abortion. The fact that so many people care so deeply about these debates is part of what makes them so important. But especially when coming from clinicians, academics, and others to whom we entrust the care of our public discourse, interventions into the debates must be disciplined by a thoroughgoing commitment to engage with the available data to back up the central claims even when those claims seem like common sense—perhaps especially when they seem like common sense.
On Performing Reinfibulation in Catholic Hospitals
Authors: Tenorio Addison S. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2020

Female genital mutilation/cutting is a multifaceted, culturally entrenched issue. In response to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops’ resources dealing with the issue of FGM/C, this paper explores what resources sexual ethics can provide Catholic hospitals facing this issue, specifically with regards to the request for reinfibulation (the restoration of infibulation, also called FGM Type III). FGM/C ought not to be treated as a univocal medical practice; rather, in natural law evaluations of the act, the practice of reinfibulation ought to be separately acknowledged. Reinfibulation cannot be properly considered a mutilation in the same way that other types of FGM/C are. Thus reinfibulation should be performed in Catholic hospitals for those women who request it, as part of delivering culturally competent care, justifiable through the principle of material cooperation.
Examining Body Integrity Identity Disorder through Theological Ethics
Authors: Guevin Benedict ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2020

Body identity integrity disorder (BIID) is experienced by a small percentage of the population, whose idea of how they should look does not match their actual physical form. The most common manifestation of BIID is the desire to have a specific limb amputated. In a small number of cases, the desire is not for the removal of a limb, but to be blind or paralyzed. There has been a lot of discussion regarding the possible physiological, neurological, or psychological etiologies of BIID. This paper examines the ethical implications of the different approaches to help those with BIID. These approaches and the dilemma that doctors face in cases of BIID are the subject of the final section, which offers some tentative ethical conclusions regarding this disturbing disorder.
Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation
Authors: Tenorio Manuel J. , Abalde Samuel , Pardos-Blas José R. , Zardoya Rafael
Published: June 2020

In the last few years, a sharp increase in the number of descriptions of new species of West African cone snails, particularly from the Cabo Verde Archipelago, has taken place. In previous studies, we used mitogenome sequences for reconstructing robust phylogenies, which comprised in total 120 individuals representing the majority of species (69.7%) described from this biogeographical region (except Angolan endemics) and grouped into seven genera within the family Conidae. Here, we add another 12 individuals representing endemic species that were missing in the previous studies. We use the phylogenies to identify monophyletic groups and a genetic divergence threshold (0.2% uncorrected p distance) to determine the number of valid species. As a result, the number of valid West African cone species could be drastically reduced to at least 40%, indicating that some recent poor-quality descriptions loosely based on phenotypic characters prone to convergence such as the shape and color patterns of the shell have contributed substantially to taxonomic inflation. Several previously accepted species with a reduced geographical distribution now become phenotypic forms of the remaining valid species, which increase their distribution ranges. In contrast, several cryptic species are now uncovered and described. For instance, Africonus insulae sp. nov. and Kalloconus canariensis sp. nov. are hereby introduced as new species. A detailed systematic account with illustrations and relevant information is presented. Lectotypes are designated for Conus trochulus and Conus irregularis, and neotypes for Conus crotchii and Conus diminutus. According to our results, it is strongly recommended that any future introduction of new taxa names for cone snails from West Africa should be supported by molecular and/or anatomical rather than exclusively shell morphological data. The taxonomic decisions here taken have direct implications for conservation and will eventually require re-evaluation of the Red List risk status of an important number of species.
Learning to Launch Complex Tasks: How Instructional Visions Influence the Exploration of the Practice
Authors: Woods Dawn M. , Wilhelm Anne Garrison
Published: June 2020

This study investigates how the exploration phase of the teacher learning cycle provides 11 novice mathematics teachers with the opportunity to learn about the high-leverage practice of launching a complex task. Findings suggest that the exploration phase of the teacher learning cycle provides novice teachers with opportunities to reflect on how to launch a complex task within the context of their own instructional practice. Because of this opportunity to deeply consider the pedagogical resource and reflect on it, novice teachers’ instructional visions were a filter through which they interpreted key instructional strategies offered up during the exploration phase of the teacher learning cycle. Further, the authors discuss three key takeaways for teacher educators who are attempting to implement the teacher learning cycle into their teacher education coursework.
Creación de un LMS SaaS basado en Moodle
Authors: Becerra Daniel
Published: June 2020

En este proyecto se aborda la creación de un LMS SaaS, es decir, un gestor de aprendizaje compartido que se puede ofrecer como servicio, basado en una combinación de soluciones de código abierto que permita gestionar fácilmente la suscripción al servicio, así como el alta y la personalización del entorno de aprendizaje para cada cliente.
COMPARISON OF SEISMIC IMPACTS THROUGH DIFFERENT REGULATIONS
Authors: Uljarević Mato , Milovanović Snježana , Vukomanović Radovan
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the basic principles of seismic analysis of structures according to the YU81 andEuropean norm EN 1998-1: 2004. The aim of the paper is a critical review of comparative analysisof seismic impacts in the design of building structures according to these standards. EC8 involvesseveral innovative approaches for the design and construction of structures, such as no structuralfailure, limiting the degree of structural damage, important public use facilities must remain usable.Purpose of this research is to compare the value of seismic force according to YU81 and EC8, forthe same type of structure, depending on the parameters variation, such as different soil categories,different seismicity class, different building structural systems.
Succession of bacterial communities on carrion is independent of vertebrate scavengers
Authors: Dangerfield Cody R. , Frehner Ethan H. , Buechley Evan R. , Şekercioğlu Çağan H. , Brazelton William J.
Published: June 2020

The decomposition of carrion is carried out by a suite of macro- and micro-organisms who interact with each other in a variety of ecological contexts. The ultimate result of carrion decomposition is the recycling of carbon and nutrients from the carrion back into the ecosystem. Exploring these ecological interactions among animals and microbes is a critical aspect of understanding the nutrient cycling of an ecosystem. Here we investigate the potential impacts that vertebrate scavenging may have on the microbial community of carrion. In this study, we placed seven juvenile domestic cow carcasses in the Grassy Mountain region of Utah, USA and collected tissue samples at periodic intervals. Using high-depth environmental sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and camera trap data, we documented the microbial community shifts associated with decomposition and with vertebrate scavenger visitation. The remarkable scarcity of animals at our study site enabled us to examine natural carrion decomposition in the near absence of animal scavengers. Our results indicate that the microbial communities of carcasses that experienced large amounts of scavenging activity were not significantly different than those carcasses that observed very little scavenging activity. Rather, the microbial community shifts reflected changes in the stage of decomposition similar to other studies documenting the successional changes of carrion microbial communities. Our study suggests that microbial community succession on carrion follows consistent patterns that are largely unaffected by vertebrate scavenging.
Genome-wide analysis of lectin receptor-like kinases family from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Zhang Weina , Chen Zhongjian , Kang Yichen , Fan Yanling , Liu Yuhui , Yang Xinyu , Shi Mingfu , Yao Kai , Qin Shuhao
Published: June 2020

Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRLKs) are involved in responses to diverse environmental stresses and pathogenic microbes. A comprehensive acknowledgment of the family members in potato (Solanum tuberosum) genome is largely limited until now. In total, 113 potato LecRLKs (StLecRLKs) were first identified, including 85 G-type, 26 L-type and 2 C-type members. Based on phylogenetic analysis, StLecRLKs were sub-grouped into seven clades, including C-type, L-type, G-I, G-II, G-III G-IV and G-V. Chromosomal distribution and gene duplication analysis revealed the expansion of StLecRLKs occurred majorly through tandem duplication although the whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication events were found. Cis-elements in the StLecRLKs promoter region responded mainly to signals of defense and stress, phytohormone, biotic or abiotic stress. Moreover, expressional investigations indicated that the family members of the clades L-type, G-I, G-IV and G-V were responsive to both bacterial and fungal infection. Based on qRT-PCR analysis, the expressions of PGSC0003DMP400055136 and PGSC0003DMP400067047 were strongly induced in all treatments by both Fusarium sulphureum (Fs) and Phytophthora infestans (Pi) inoculation. The present study provides valuable information for LecRLKs gene family in potato genome, and establishes a foundation for further research into the functional analysis.