bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ricocheted Rifle and Shotgun Projectiles: A Ballistic Evaluation
Authors: Kunz S. N. , Kirchhoff S. , Eggersmann R. , Stiefel D. , Gessinger M. , Manthei A. , Eichner S. , Graw M. , Peschel O.
Published: October 2013

Hunting firearm injuries and fatalities from ricocheted bullets play a minor, but still important, role in forensic medicine and shooting reconstruction. Especially in the area of critical ricochet angles a ballistic analysis is essential to be able to reconstruct hunting accidents. The aim of this study is to analyze ricocheted rifle projectiles (.30-06 Bionic Black and .30-06 Oryx) and shotgun slugs (cal. 12 Brenneke original) from frozen and non-frozen concrete, as well as their ballistic injury potential at a simulated shooting distance of 100 m (rifle projectiles) and 20 m (slugs). Each projectile had a v100 velocity between 370 m/s (shotgun ammunition) and 740 m/s (rifle ammunition) and was shot at an incident angle between 2–20° (rifle ammunition) and 5–35° (shotgun ammunition). To record the angle of ricochet and target energy of each ricocheted projectile, a polycarbonate wall with a reference scale, as well as ballistic soap were used as a final target. At a shooting distance of 100 m, non-ricochet shots are only possible from high seats, but not from deer stands. The critical shooting angle showed a rather high variation for both rifle and shotgun ammunition and was noted between 1.25 times (shotgun ammunition) and 2.5 times (rifle ammunition) higher for frozen concrete compared to non-frozen concrete. All tested ammunition showed remarkable high variations in the ricochet’s angular deviation. Upon the impact of a ricochet, energy levels of over 1000 J were realized with significant injury potential to underlying organs.
A Study on the Multiaxial Fatigue Failure Criterion with Small Defects
Authors: Yanase K.
Published: October 2013

This paper reexamines a multiaxial fatigue failure criterion in the presence of small defects. The criterion is based on the assumption that a Mode-I crack on a specified plane, termed a critical plane, plays a dominant role in the determination of fatigue strength. The present study extends previous research to propose a modified failure criterion in conjunction with a systematic computational scheme, and to conduct a detailed analysis of its predictive capability. Using the proposed computational scheme, the applied stress level for the multiaxial fatigue failure can be efficiently predicted for both in-phase and out-of-phase loadings. Additionally, a series of parametric studies was conducted to examine the material's sensitivity to the biaxial stress state with respect to the fatigue strength.
Autophagy and thyroid carcinogenesis: genetic and epigenetic links
Authors: Morani Federica , Titone Rossella , Pagano Loredana , Galetto Alessandra , Alabiso Oscar , Aimaretti Gianluca , Isidoro Ciro
Published: October 2013

Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of the endocrine system and is responsible for the majority of deaths from endocrine malignancies. Although a large proportion of thyroid cancers belong to well differentiated histologic subtypes, which in general show a good prognosis after surgery and radioiodine ablation, the treatment of radio-resistant papillary-type, of undifferentiated anaplastic, and of medullary-type thyroid cancers remains unsatisfactory. Autophagy is a vesicular process for the lysosomal degradation of protein aggregates and of damaged or redundant organelles. Autophagy plays an important role in cell homeostasis, and there is evidence that this process is dysregulated in cancer cells. Recentin vitropreclinical studies have indicated that autophagy is involved in the cytotoxic response to chemotherapeutics in thyroid cancer cells. Indeed, several oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes implicated in thyroid carcinogenesis also play a role in the regulation of autophagy. In addition, some epigenetic modulators involved in thyroid carcinogenesis also influence autophagy. In this review, we highlight the genetic and epigenetic factors that mechanistically link thyroid carcinogenesis and autophagy, thus substantiating the rationale for an autophagy-targeted therapy of aggressive and radio-chemo-resistant thyroid cancers.
Endocrine disruption of oestrogen action and female reproductive tract cancers
Authors: Gibson Douglas A , Saunders Philippa T K
Published: October 2013

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are ubiquitous and persistent compounds that have the capacity to interfere with normal endocrine homoeostasis. The female reproductive tract is exquisitely sensitive to the action of sex steroids, and oestrogens play a key role in normal reproductive function. Malignancies of the female reproductive tract are the fourth most common cancer in women, with endometrial cancer accounting for most cases. Established risk factors for development of endometrial cancer include high BMI and exposure to oestrogens or synthetic compounds such as tamoxifen. Studies on cell and animal models have provided evidence that many EDC can bind oestrogen receptors and highlighted early life exposure as a window of risk for adverse lifelong effects on the reproductive system. The most robust evidence for a link between early life exposure to EDC and adverse reproductive health has come from studies on women who were exposedin uteroto diethylstilbestrol. Demonstration that EDC can alter expression of members of the HOX gene cluster highlights one pathway that might be vulnerable to their actions. In summary, evidence for a direct link between EDC exposure and cancers of the reproductive system is currently incomplete. It will be challenging to attribute causality to any single EDC when exposure and development of malignancy may be separated by many years and influenced by lifestyle factors such as diet (a source of phytoestrogens) and adiposity. This review considers some of the evidence collected to date.
Action of GH on skeletal muscle function: molecular and metabolic mechanisms
Authors: Chikani Viral , Ho Ken K Y
Published: October 2013

Skeletal muscle is a target tissue of GH. Based on its anabolic properties, it is widely accepted that GH enhances muscle performance in sports and muscle function in the elderly. This paper critically reviews information on the effects of GH on muscle function covering structure, protein metabolism, the role of IGF1 mediation, bioenergetics and performance drawn from molecular, cellular and physiological studies on animals and humans. GH increases muscle strength by enhancing muscle mass without affecting contractile force or fibre composition type. GH stimulates whole-body protein accretion with protein synthesis occurring in muscular and extra-muscular sites. The energy required to power muscle function is derived from a continuum of anaerobic and aerobic sources. Molecular and functional studies provide evidence that GH stimulates the anaerobic and suppresses the aerobic energy system, in turn affecting power-based functional measures in a time-dependent manner. GH exerts complex multi-system effects on skeletal muscle function in part mediated by the IGF system.
Obesity and breast cancer: role of inflammation and aromatase
Authors: Simpson Evan R , Brown Kristy A
Published: October 2013

Obesity is now recognised to be an inflammatory condition in which dysregulated metabolism plays an integral role. Inflammatory mediators regulate aromatase expression in the human breast as one mechanism whereby they increase the risk of breast cancer, especially in women who are obese.
Dispersal potential and population genetic structure in the marine intertidal of the eastern North Pacific
Authors: Dawson Michael N. , Hays Cynthia G. , Grosberg Richard K. , Raimondi Peter T.
Published: October 2013

Population genetic theory and empirical comparisons of sister and sympatric marine species show that life history traits related to dispersal, such as pelagic duration (PD), should affect the frequency and spatial scale of migration, and thus influence population genetic structure. However, recent global analyses have concluded that PD is poorly correlated with marine population genetic structure. Here, we identify and compare genetic structure between four pairs of synchronously diverging co‐distributed (SDC) species, drawn from standardized analyses of eight eastern North Pacific rocky intertidal invertebrates and one macrophyte. We test two hypotheses: H0, that species with similar dispersal potential have similar population genetic structure, and H1, that species with higher dispersal potential have lower population genetic differentiation. We find that differences in census population size (Nc), fecundity (F), and PD are sufficient to explain measured differences in population genetic structure (ϕST, DEST) between SDC species. However, theoretical differences in migration potential, calculated as a function of Nc, F, and PD, exceed empirical differences in migration, suggesting important roles for genetic drift and natural selection in structuring marine populations in the eastern North Pacific. A quantitatively similar relationship between PD and FST has been calculated for co‐distributed species from the Great Barrier Reef, suggesting that meta‐analyses of SDC species may reveal general patterns in how species' traits and geographical variation interact to structure populations.
Pak3 Promotes Cell Cycle Exit and Differentiation of β-Cells in the Embryonic Pancreas and Is Necessary to Maintain Glucose Homeostasis in Adult Mice
Authors: Piccand Julie , Meunier Aline , Merle Carole , Jia Zhengping , Barnier Jean-Vianney , Gradwohl Gérard
Published: October 2013

The transcription factor neurogenin3 (Ngn3) triggers islet cell differentiation in the developing pancreas. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms coupling cell cycle exit and differentiation in Ngn3+ islet progenitors. We identified a novel effector of Ngn3 endocrinogenic function, the p21 protein–activated kinase Pak3, known to control neuronal differentiation and implicated in X-linked intellectual disability in humans. We show that Pak3 expression is initiated in Ngn3+ endocrine progenitor cells and next maintained in maturing hormone-expressing cells during pancreas development as well as in adult islet cells. In Pak3-deficient embryos, the proliferation of Ngn3+ progenitors and β-cells is transiently increased concomitantly with an upregulation of Ccnd1. β-Cell differentiation is impaired at E15.5 but resumes at later stages. Pak3-deficient mice do not develop overt diabetes but are glucose intolerant under high-fat diet (HFD). In the intestine, Pak3 is expressed in enteroendocrine cells but is not necessary for their differentiation. Our results indicate that Pak3 is a novel regulator of β-cell differentiation and function. Pak3 acts downstream of Ngn3 to promote cell cycle exit and differentiation in the embryo by a mechanism that might involve repression of Ccnd1. In the adult, Pak3 is required for the proper control of glucose homeostasis under challenging HFD.
Synthesis of 1-(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-azoles and their piperidine-derived homologues
Authors: Zhersh Sergey , Karpenko Oleksandr , Ripenko Vasyl , Tolmachev Andrey , Grygorenko Oleksandr
Published: October 2013

A convenient preparation of 1-(pyrrolidin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazoles, -imidazoles, and -1H-1,2,4-triazoles, 1-(piperidin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazoles and -1H-1,2,4-triazoles, and 1-(piperidin-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazoles by alkylation of azoles (viz. pyrazoles, imidazoles, and triazoles) with N-Cbz-prolinol mesylate or its analogues and subsequent deprotection is reported. The two-step method allows for synthesis of the title compounds in 16–65% yields. The utility of the procedure has been demonstrated by multigram preparation of a 15-member building block mini-library for the lead-oriented synthesis of compound libraries. These building blocks perfectly fit the definition of low-molecular-weight hydrophilic three-dimensional templates, which leave much room for the lead-oriented synthesis of the compound libraries.
Stability prediction of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ N-salicylidene-aminoacidato complexes by models based on connectivity index 3 χ v
Authors: Miličević Ante , Raos Nenad
Published: October 2013

This paper presents models for the estimation of stability constants (K 1 and β 2) of nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) mono- and bis-complexes with 5 Schiff bases (salicylideneglycine, salicylidenealanine, salicylideneserine, salicylidenephenylalanine, and salicylidenetyrosine). The models were based on the molecular-graph theory and valence molecular connectivity index of the 3rd order, 3χv , derived from it. Univariate linear models were developed for each metal separately, while in the common models for two and three metals, the indicator variable, In, was introduced. The standard error of models for the log K 1 constant was less than 0.12, while for log β 2 models, the S.E. did not exceed 0.14.
Spectroscopic analysis of pindolol irradiated in the solid state
Authors: Ogrodowczyk Magdalena , Marciniec Barbara , Kachlicki Piotr
Published: October 2013

Pindolol ((2RS)-(1-(1H-indol-4-iloxy)-3- [(1-metyloetylo)amino]-2-propanol) in substantia was exposed to ionising radiation emitted by high energy electrons from an accelerator, in the standard sterilisation dose of 25 kGy and in higher doses from the range 50–400 kGy. The effects of irradiation were checked by spectrometric methods (UV, MS, FT-IR, EPR) and hyphenated methods (HPLC-MS) and the results were referred to those obtained for non-irradiated sample. EPR results indicated the presence of free radicals in irradiated samples, in the amount of 1.36 × 1016 spin g−1 for 25 kGy and 3.70×1016 spin g−1 for 400 kGy. The loss of pindolol content determined by HPLC was 1.34% after irradiation with 400 kGy, while the radiolytic yield of the total radiolysis for this dose of irradiation was 2.69×107 mol J−1. By means of HPLC-MS it was possible to separate and identify one product of radiolytic decomposition, which probably is 2-((R)-3-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropylamino)propan-1-ol formed upon oxidation. In the range of sterilisation doses (25–50 kGy), pindolol was found to show high radiochemical stability and would probably be safely sterilised by the standard dose of 25 kGy.
Microspectroscopic infrared specular reflection chemical imaging of multi-component urinary stones: MIR vs. FIR
Authors: Pucetaite Milda , Tamosaityte Sandra , Engdahl Anders , Ceponkus Justinas , Sablinskas Valdas , Uvdal Per
Published: October 2013

Specular reflection infrared microspectroscopy was used for chemical imaging of cross-sectioned urinary stones to determine their chemical composition and morphology simultaneously. Absorption spectral bands were recovered from reflection spectra by Kramers-Kronig transform. FUse of far-infrared radiation provides high-contrast images and allows more precise constituent distribution determinations than mid-infrared because band asymmetry after the transform caused by diffuse reflection is less in the far-infrared.
Hydrogen bonding-based 3D supramolecular architecture of [Cu(CHA)2][TCM]·11H2O
Authors: Vlassa Mihaela , Borodi Gheorghe , Silvestru Cristian , Vlassa Mircea
Published: October 2013

Reaction of Na4TCM (1) (H4TCM = tetra[4-(carboxyphenyl)oxamethyl]methane) with [Cu(CHA)](ClO4)2 (2)(CHA = 1,3,6,8,11,14-hexaaz atricyclo[12.2.1.1.8,11] octadecane) in a DMF-water mixture yields [Cu(CHA)]2[TCM] (3). Structural analysis of [Cu(CHA)]2[TCM]·11H2O (3·11H2O) by single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals strong copper-oxygen bonds between two complex cations and the tetraanion leading to a 3D coordination network (zwitterionic structure), consolidated through additional NH...O=C hydrogen bonding within the cation/anion association. The resulting coordination geometry around a copper atom is a distorted square pyramidal with an oxygen atom of the anionic ligand in the apical position. A 3D supramolecular network is developed in the crystal based only on NH...OC hydrogen bonds between the macrocyclic metallic tecton and the carboxylate groups of neighboring 3D coordinated (zwitterionic) moieties. The pseudotetrahedral TCM4− tetraanionic ligand induces a diamondoid architecture formed of large distorted adamantanoid cages.
Novel ion-binding C3 symmetric tripodal triazoles: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Neumajer Gábor , Tóth Gergő , Béni Szabolcs , Noszál Béla
Published: October 2013

Novel C3 symmetric tripodal molecules were synthesized from cyclohexane 1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid. Utilizing click and Sonogashira reactions, ion-binding triazole and pyridazin-3(2H)-one units were incorporated to form polydentate ligands for ion complexation. The structures of the novel C3 symmetric derivatives were extensively characterized by 1H, 13C and 2D NMR techniques along with HRMS and IR. The copper(I)-binding potentials of these ligands were investigated by using them as additives in model copper(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. The copper(I) complexation ability of our compound was also proved by different spectroscopic methods, such as mass spectrometry, UV and NMR spectroscopy. Based on the mass spectrometric data all of the C3 symmetric ligands formed 1:1 complex with copper(I) ion. The specific role of C3 symmetric polydentate form in the complexation process was also discussed
Investigations of ternary complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II) with oxydiacetate anion and 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2′-bipyridine in solutions
Authors: Wyrzykowski Dariusz , Pranczk Joanna , Jacewicz Dagmara , Tesmar Aleksandra , Pilarski Bogusław , Chmurzyński Lech
Published: October 2013

Potentiometric (PT) and conductometric (CT) titration methods have been used to determine the stoichiometry and formation constants in water for a series of ternary complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II) involving the oxydiacetate anion (ODA) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) ligands, namely [Co(ODA)(phen)(H2O)], [Co(ODA)(bpy)(H2O)], [Ni(ODA)(phen)(H2O)] and [Ni(ODA)(bpy)(H2O)]. The ternary complex formation process was found to take place in a stepwise manner in which the oxydiacetate ligand acts as a primary ligand and the phen or bipy ligands act as auxiliary ones. The stability of the ternary complexes formed is discussed in the relation to the corresponding binary ones. Furthermore, the kinetics of the substitution reactions of the aqua ligands in the coordination sphere of the Ni-ODA and Co-ODA complexes to phen or bipy were studied by the stopped-flow method. The kinetic measurements were performed in the 288–303 K temperature range, at a constant concentration of phen or bipy and at seven different concentrations of the binary complexes (4–7 mM). The influence of experimental conditions and the kind of the auxiliary ligands (phen/bipy) on the substitution rate was discussed.
Photonic crystals obtained by soap-free emulsion terpolymerization
Authors: Rusen Edina , Diacon Aurel , Mocanu Alexandra
Published: October 2013

This paper presents the use of soap-free emulsion terpolymerization to obtainphotonic crystals (PCs). Monodisperse latexes resulted from the polymerization of styrene (ST) with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylic acid (AA) at different compositions defined as system A, B and C respectively. The water solubility of the macroradicals determined different nucleation mechanisms in all three cases. The micellar nucleation mechanism was more predominant for generating system A, whereas the homogeneous nucleation was specific for system C. For system B, both nucleation mechanisms werepossible with the same probability. The latexes and the resulted PCs were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and UV-VIS spectroscopy.
Influence of point defects on the structural and electronic properties of SiC nanotubes
Authors: Chigo Anota E. , Cocoletzi Gregorio
Published: October 2013

We have performed studies of the structural and electronic properties of functionalized single wall silicon carbide nanotubes (SW-SiCNTs) with chirality (5,5). Our first principles studies are done using density functional theory. The exchange-correlation energies are modeled according to the Hamprecht-Cohen-Tozer-Handy functional in the generalized gradient approximation (HCTH-GGA) and the DNP basis function with double polarization is applied. To determine the most stable geometry, we have applied the minimum energy criterion considering several initial configurations of the hydroxyl (OH) functional group interacting with the single wall SiCNT. In particular, we tested different orientations of the OH adsorbed on the nanotube surface (oriented towards the Si or C atoms) and at the end of the nanotube. Results indicate that the most favorable geometry corresponds to OH adsorption (chemisorption) at the end of the nanotube. The polarity increases yielding better conditions for solubility and dispersion. The work function of the SW-SiCNT-OH is reduced, which in turn favors conditions for field emission properties (FEPs). Finally, the presence of silicon or carbon mono-vacancies in the functionalized nanotubes suggests this may be a good structure to fabricate semiconductor devices
Fullerenes patched by flowers with octagonal core
Authors: Pop Raluca , Medeleanu Mihai , Diudea Mircea , Szefler Beata , Cioslowski Jerzy
Published: October 2013

The aromatic character of three different flowers of general formula [n:(p i,p j)n/2], namely [8:(5,7)4], [8:(6,6)4] and [8:(5,6)4], has been evaluated by means of geometric (HOMA index), energetic (heats of formation) and magnetic criteria (NICS index, exaltation of magnetic susceptibility). Also, the reactivity descriptors within the DFT approach -absolute hardness, electrophilicity, Fukui functions — have been computed. All the different methods used for estimating the aromaticity led to a unitary conclusion. Two fullerene structures, patched by the most stable 8-Sumanene flower, have been designed and evaluated by means of ab initio computations
Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of LiIn(WO4)2 nanopowders and single crystals doped with chromium(III) ions
Authors: Skibiński Tomasz , Fuks Hubert , Kaczmarek Sławomir , Bodziony Tomasz , Hermanowicz Krzysztof , Maczka Mirosław , Ptak Maciej , Hanuza Jerzy
Published: October 2013

LiIn(WO4)2 single crystals and nanopowders doped with chromium(III) ions were synthesized and investigated, including their EPR spectra and magnetic properties. The EPR spectra have shown low and high field lines attributed to isolated chromium ions with an electron spin S=3/2 and complex chromium centers with higher spin value, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed an almost linear dependence on the magnetic field. The electron resonance and magnetic properties have been related to the structural and spectroscopic data of the studied material.
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity of gypsy moth digestive enzymes
Authors: Mrdaković Marija , Stojković Biljana , Perić-Mataruga Vesna , Ilijin Larisa , Vlahović Milena , Lazarević Jelica
Published: October 2013

The adaptiveness of plasticity of digestive enzyme responses to allelochemical stress was tested on 32 full-sib families of gypsy moth larvae from an oak forest population (the Quercus population) and 26 families from a locust-tree forest (the Robinia population), reared either on control diet, or on tannin-supplemented diet. Using the duration of larval development as an indirect measure of fitness, phenotypic selection analyses revealed that lower specific activities of total proteases and trypsin, and higher specific activity of leucine aminopeptidase were adaptive for both populations in the control environment. Plasticity was only shown to be costly for total proteases and trypsin activity in Quercus larvae. In a stressful environment, the most apparent adaptive response was a significant increase in lipase activity. There was no plasticity cost for lipase activity. The two populations differed in the direction of selection acting on α-glucosidase activity, which favoured decreased activity in Quercus larvae and increased activity in Robinia larvae in the control environment. α-glucosidase activity in Quercus larvae is characterized by cost of homeostasis, while cost of plasticity was shown for Robinia larvae. The results obtained on the plasticity of digestive enzyme activity indicate how this generalist species copes with variation in plant allelochemicals.
Cloning and characterization of a cold inducible Pal promoter from Fagopyrum tataricum
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Wei , Li Chenglei , Jiang Qian-Tao , Wei Yuming , Yao Huipeng , Chen Hui , Wu Qi
Published: October 2013

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalyzes the first reaction in biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids and plays an important role in plant stress resistance. In this study, the 5’ flanking region of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene was isolated from Fagopyrum tataricum by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR method, named PFtPal (GenBank: KF463139). To investigate the functional properties of PFtPal, we constructed a series of plant expression vectors that contained different promoter fragments resulting from nest deletions and had successfully transformed them into tobacco leaves by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Histochemical assay of GUS suggested that PFtPal could drive GUS gene expression in leaves and roots, while GUS activity was not detected in the stem. In addition, the region of −274 bp to −1 bp was enough to drive normal expression of GUS gene. Low temperature treatment of transgenic tobacco plants demonstrated that PFtPal conferred cold-induced expression. Taken together, our study will help to better understand the Pal promoter, and provides a candidate promoter for molecular breeding in Fagopyrum plants.
Carbon nanotube-layered double hydroxide nanocomposites
Authors: Tóth Viktor , Sipiczki Mónika , Bugris Valéria , Kukovecz Ákos , Kónya Zoltán , Sipos Pál , Pálinkó István
Published: October 2013

Preparation of multiwalled carbon nanotube-layered double hydroxide (MWCNT-LDH) nano-composites by (i) the co-precipitation of LDH components and pristine or surface-treated MWCNT or (ii) the delamination of LDH and application of the layer-by-layer technique has been attempted. For MWCNT, two types of surface treatment were used, either the surface was hydroxylated and deprotonated or wrapped in a tenside (dodecylbenzenesulfonate, DBS). LDH was delaminated by N,N-dimethylformamide. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and by scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM). Element distribution was mapped with help of the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) available as an extension of the scanning electron microscope. MWCNT could not be sandwiched between the layers of LDH by any of the methods employed; however, tenside-treated bundles of MWCNT could be wrapped in LDH thus forming a nanocomposite.
Biphasic recognition chiral extraction — novel way of separating pantoprazole enantiomers
Authors: Liu Jia-Jia , Liu Chang , Tang Ke-Wen , Zhang Pan-Liang
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a biphasic recognition chiral extraction system developed as a new chiral separation technology for the separation of pantoprazole enantiomers, combining a hydrophilic β-CD derivative in the aqueous phase and a hydrophobic tartaric acid in the organic phase which preferentially recognise the (R)-enantiomer and (S)-enantiomer, respectively. In this study, a number of factors which influence the efficiency of the extraction were investigated including types of organic solvents, β-CD and tartaric acid esters and their concentrations, pH and temperature. As a result, enantioselectivity for pantoprazole enantiomers can be improved up to 1.42 under optimised conditions; in addition, it is clear that the combined action of β-CD and tartaric acid esters leads to formation of the biphasic chiral extraction system with a stronger separation capacity than a monophasic chiral extraction system.
A spectrophotometric method for plant pigments determination and herbs classification
Authors: Dudek Gabriela , Strzelewicz Anna , Krasowska Monika , Rybak Aleksandra , Turczyn Roman
Published: October 2013

Twenty herbs, showing medicinal benefits on human life, like Taraxacum officinale, Plantago lanceolata, Hypericum perforatum, Ocimum basilicum, Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, and others, were tested. The percentage content of pigments, i.e. chlorophylls, carotenoids, and flavonoids, in the chosen herbs was determined. The spectrophotometric method, which is quick and readily available, was used. Measurements required pigment extraction with a solvent. Ethanol was used for the determination of chlorophylls and carotenoids, and acetone for the determination of flavonoids. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis was performed in order to confirm the experimental results. The study of flavonoids content showed an interesting regularity which can be used for the classification of herbs. Plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family showed the flavonoids content in the range from 0.18 % to 0.68 %, whereas those belonging to the Apiaceaehas family showed the flavonoids content in the 0.75–1.20 % range.
Michael addition of phenylacetonitrile to the acrylonitrile group leading to diphenylpentanedinitrile. Structural data and theoretical calculations
Authors: Percino M. , Cerón Margarita , Castro Maria , Soriano-Moro Guillermo , Chapela Victor , Meléndez Francisco
Published: October 2013

Knoevenagel condensation of phenylacetonitrile with 4-diphenylaminophenylacetonitrile in the presence of piperidine was carried out to obtain a novel conjugated compound. In addition to the expected compound 2-(phenyl)-3-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)acrylonitrile (I), the 3-((4-diphenylamino)phenyl)-2,4-diphenylpentanedinitrile (II) was also obtained with a good yield. Compound II was obtained as a result of the Michael addition of phenylacetonitrile with 2-(phenyl)-3-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)acrylonitrile (I). Conversely, when the same reaction was performed in the presence of KOH as catalyst, only the α,β-unsaturated nitrile (I) was afforded with a 92 % yield. The structures were confirmed with IR, EI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Single crystals I and II were formed and their structures were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Crystal I belongs to the monoclinic system with space group P21/n having unit cell parameters of a = 16.8589(5) Å, b = 6.68223(17) Å, c = 19.8289(7) Å, β = 111.133(4)○ and Z = 4. Crystal II belongs to the same monoclinic system with space group P21/c, having unit cell parameters of a = 10.8597(4) Å, b = 24.7533(10) Å, c = 9.7832(4) Å, β = 91.297(3)○ and Z = 4. In addition to the structural data analysis, some theoretical calculations that reveal the nature of relevant structure-property relationships are also reported.
Eliciting Engagement in the High School Classroom
Authors: Cooper Kristy S.
Published: October 2013

This case study analyzes how and why student engagement differs across 581 classes in one diverse high school. Factor analyses of surveys with 1,132 students suggest three types of engaging teaching practices—connective instruction, academic rigor, and lively teaching. Multilevel regression analyses reveal that connective instruction predicts engagement more than seven times as strongly as academic rigor or lively teaching. Embedded case studies of five classes use interviews and observations to examine how various classes combine connective instruction, academic rigor, and lively teaching and how these practices individually and collectively engage students. Across these analyses, this study introduces a typology for thinking systematically about teaching for engagement.
Stages of Thought: Emerson, Maeterlinck, Glaspell
Authors: Biers Katherine
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT:

This article examines the dramatic Platonism of Susan Glaspell in order to establish early-twentieth-century American drama as an integral component in a transatlantic movement of ideas. The essay contends that the ideas of Ralph Waldo Emerson permeate Glaspell’s plays, by way of Maurice Maeterlinck, whose theatrical practices Glaspell adopted. Maeterlinck sought to stage Emerson’s concept of the “over-soul” in his development of static theatre. Glaspell, in turn, refigured Maeterlinck’s dramatic techniques and Emerson’s philosophical concepts as both uniquely modernist, American drama and ground-breaking feminist theatre.
De l'agi à l'introjection des pulsions dans la cure institutionnelle, l'oralité en question
Authors: Laurent Véronique
Published: October 2013

À partir de l’observation qu’une pulsionnalité orale peut manifester la reprise d’un processus évolutif, l’auteur s’attache d’abord à en préciser les circonstances, celles de la crise et de sa reprise interprétative. La référence au dualisme incorporation/introjection permet de dégager les bases d’une réflexion sur la nature non symbolisée de certains contenus poussant à une expression par l’agi. Un cadre institutionnel adapté à la population d’enfants et de préadolescents au fonctionnement limite, associé à un dispositif psychothérapique de groupe, constitue les conditions d’une possible élaboration. Quand ce travail, toujours complexe, peut se réaliser, on voit reprendre le processus là où il avait été interrompu.
Trop de poids, trop de quoi ?
Authors: Huerre Patrice
Published: October 2013

Le surpoids représente un enjeu de santé publique dans tous les pays industrialisés. Mais, en dehors des causes médicales qui le génèrent, il importe de se pencher sur ce qu’une suralimentation viendrait compenser dans un mode interne fragilisé, c’est-à-dire sur les aspects subjectifs qui organisent sa recherche, son maintien ou la lutte contre son apparition. Les enjeux impliqués sont précocement mobilisés dans le rapport à l’alimentation et réactivés à l’adolescence sous la pousée pubertaire. Ils sont remis en scène tout au long de la vie sous forme directe ou indirecte, à défaut d’avoir été réinterrogés, et s’inscrivent dans des histoires singulières, personnelles, familiales, sociales. Quand l’aliment est en place de remède contre un pire, les limites des régimes sont vite trouvées.
Une histoire d'obésité : quand le poids cherche une limite
Authors: Antigny Cécile
Published: October 2013

Les difficultés à penser dans le suivi d’un patient obèse ainsi que sa façon singulière d’investir les soins d’une équipe soignante et d’un psychothérapeute nous ont donné l’opportunité de réfléchir à des hypothèses concernant son organisation psychique. Ces hypothèses nous font visiter les notions d’enveloppe, de fonction contenante, de stade sadique oral et cannibalique, d’introjection et d’incorporation, enfin d’addiction.
La jeune fille à la trompe : réflexions sur le dispositif de renutrition proposé à une adolescente hospitalisée pour anorexie mentale sévère
Authors: Balsan Guillemette
Published: October 2013

L’assistance nutritionnelle par voie entérale (sonde naso-gastrique) est indiquée de façon exceptionnelle chez des adolescentes hospitalisées pour anorexie mentale sévère. Est interrogée, à partir d’une étude de cas, la fonction métaphorique de cette technique médicale dans le cadre des soins institutionnels en pédopsychiatrie.
Les troubles de l'oralité à l'aube de la vie. Entre pédiatrie et psychanalyse
Authors: Boige Nathalie , Missonnier Sylvain
Published: October 2013

Les troubles de l’oralité des bébés sont fréquemment repérés dans les consultations pédiatriques précoces, même s’ils ne sont pas toujours la raison de la consultation. La relation orale, fondatrice pour le bébé et son humanisation, repose sur une intrication permanente de la physiologie et du pulsionnel. Les troubles précoces de l’oralité ne peuvent se comprendre et se soigner sans une réflexion qui intrique le psychique et le somatique. La collaboration pédiatre-psychanalyste auprès du bébé et de sa famille impulse une synergie thérapeutique entre les différentes approches et de riches échanges.
Le sevrage : un temps organisateur de l'oralité
Authors: Cascales Thomas
Published: October 2013

Le sevrage est actuellement une étape du développement du nourrisson qui attire particulièrement l’attention des parents. Les raisons de cette préoccupation sont souvent liées à des caractéristiques culturelles, des effets de « mode », mais aussi aux conséquences importantes sur l’oralité en cas de perturbation de cette étape du développement. À partir d’une étude de cas tirée d’une consultation conjointe psychologue-pédiatre hospitalière, l’auteur souligne le rôle organisateur de cette étape du développement dans la construction d’une oralité cohérente. Le trajet psychogénétique allant de l’oralité à la génitalité passe par une traversée cohérente du sevrage qui se révèle pour chaque sujet singulière.
Quand l'écrit fait taire les cris. Pour une clinique particulière de l'oralité dans la démence
Authors: Engasser Ophélie
Published: October 2013

Ce texte a pour vocation d’explorer une modalité spécifique de l’oralité chez le patient dément. L’oralité est en effet une fonction qui déborde le champ de l’alimentation et concerne l’usage de la parole. Nous proposons d’étudier l’un des comportements les plus courants dans les institutions gériatriques, le cri, à considérer comme une expression de la voix résultant de la perte du langage à un stade évolué de la pathologie démentielle. Nous souhaiterions confronter cette forme particulière d’« oralisation » au travail d’écriture proposé en atelier, et montrer en quoi l’écrit pourrait constituer un barrage à l’excès de jouissance pulsionnelle qui envahit le corps, dont l’émanation vocale se matérialise dans le cri.
Rap et oralité
Authors: Regol Anna , Bonnet Agnès
Published: October 2013

Le rap arrive en France dans les années 1980 associé au mouvement hiphop. Les jeunes des cités se (ré) approprient les transmissions orales linguistiques et culturelles pour développer une forme pragmatique du discours pris comme objet de recherche. Comme dans le rêve, le langage dans le rap est un matériel composite qui n’est soumis à aucune censure. La voix est élevée au rang de matériau devenant l’instrument de créativité du sujet. Proposer un atelier rap au « Groupe Jeunes » du Centre d’accueil thérapeutique à temps partiel ( cattp ) s’inscrit dans une démarche clinique orientée par l’observation et l’analyse des processus psychiques propres au sujet de l’inconscient. Dans l’éthique du psychologue clinicien et du clinicien chercheur, cet atelier, pensé en concertation avec l’équipe pluridisciplinaire, s’intègre dans une politique de prévention du secteur.
Oralités humaines désagrégées et éthique de l'identification
Authors: Combe Colette
Published: October 2013

L’auteur développe l’intérêt de penser l’éthique de l’identification à l’être profond qui souffre ou a souffert d’anorexie et/ou de boulimie comme sa propre mère, de sorte que les oralités désagrégées du repas pris en commun (manger et parler ensemble) puissent de nouveau faire corps. Sa démonstration s’appuie sur deux situations de soin, l’une pluridisciplinaire en institution, l’autre de thérapie psychanalytique. Il explicite comment l’apport des savoirs artistiques et médicaux des oralités humaines (déglutir, mâcher, crier, parler) et l’élaboration groupale surmontent le risque qu’une identification mélancolique des soignants ne vienne bloquer les soins. Il développe les perspectives de prévention du risque de transmission de l’anorexie, par l’usage de l’écoute psychanalytique des identifications inconscientes trans-générationnelles en début de grossesse.
Vampirisation dans les troubles de la fonction alimentaire
Authors: Monné Dao Luc
Published: October 2013

Dans les troubles alimentaires, la lutte qui se cristallise sur le corps reste sous-tendue par une activité fantasmatique vampirique. Cette cruauté retournée sur soi fait l’objet d’une sexualisation massivement contreinvestie. Dans ces pathologies, le processus de libidinalisation est immature et empreint de cette dimension cruelle. Le travail de sape du corps illustré dans cet article par l’analyse de l’œuvre de Renée Vivien vise à faire taire une pulsionnalité sexuelle prégénitale sous le joug d’une perversion de la sphère orale.
La rencontre de l'aliment, aliment de rencontre et représentations :
Authors: Le Fourn Marie
Published: October 2013

L’aliment est, pour le sujet, une « Parole », une « Rencontre » avec laquelle il se construit tant sur un plan imaginaire, réel que symbolique. En questionnant l’alimentation en anthropologie clinique, on questionne la construction du Moi chez tout sujet.
Perception, préférences et consommation alimentaires chez les personnes âgées atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer
Authors: Pouyet Virginie , Giboreau Agnès , Cuvelier Gérard , Benattar Linda
Published: October 2013

La prise en charge de la dénutrition chez les patients âgés Alzheimer est au cœur des préoccupations des praticiens et implique une adaptation de l’alimentation, laissant trop souvent oublier l’importance capitale de l’aliment comme source de plaisir. Comprendre les mécanismes perceptifs menant à l’appréciation des aliments est donc essentiel pour mieux appréhender les préférences des malades, les intégrer dans la construction des repas et favoriser la consommation. Ne plus voir l’alimentation des personnes atteintes de maladie d’Alzheimer seulement à l’échelle nutritionnelle mais à l’échelle du repas, avec l’ensemble de ses composantes sociales, psychologiques et physiologiques, tel est le défi de demain pour accompagner au mieux les malades et qu’ils retrouvent le plaisir de manger.
L'agriculture entreprenariale d'exportation : un choix politique aux enjeux complexes
Authors: Mesclier Évelyne , Marshall Anaïs , Chaléard Jean-Louis , Auquier Célia
Published: October 2013

L’agriculture péruvienne a considérablement changé de cap entre les années 1980 et les années 2010. Après une période de réforme agraire, d’intervention de l’État dans la production et la commercialisation, de presque disparition de la grande propriété privée et de développement d’une petite agriculture approvisionnant les villes, le Pérou est redevenu un pays exportateur agricole, marquant sa présence sur les marchés mondiaux autour de produits d’exportation nouveaux comme les asperges, les piments ou les mangues. Il est également en train de redevenir un pays de grandes exploitations agricoles, du moins dans certaines régions. L’article décrit les éléments de ce qui a été et reste un choix politique et débat de ses implications tant pour les sociétés locales et leurs territoires qu’au niveau de l’ensemble du pays. L’analyse s’appuie sur des études de cas réalisées dans différents contextes au cours des années 2000 et 2010.
Évolution des conflits sociaux et environnementaux au Pérou : Une lecture générale
Authors: Bedoya César , Hurtado Isabel , Lalonde Liliana , Mesclier Évelyne
Published: October 2013

L’article présenté cherche à expliquer l’histoire récente de la conflictualité sociale au Pérou. Il tient compte de différentes approches et interprétations, tout en concentrant l’analyse sur les conflits dénommés socio-environnementaux, dans lesquels sont impliqués directement des entreprises, les communautés locales et l’État. Dans une perspective historique, les auteurs postulent que le pays est passé d’une matrice conflictuelle marquée par le conflit armé interne pendant presque une décennie entière, à une autre matrice conflictuelle marquée par les conflits de caractère socio-environnemental, dans laquelle interviennent des aspects structurels et conjoncturels, notamment la persistance de la pauvreté dans un contexte de forte croissance économique et le retour à la démocratie.
L'Amazonie péruvienne entre intégration et dégradation
Authors: Bernex Nicole
Published: October 2013

Dans un contexte de changements, avec la mondialisation et la construction de routes d’intégration depuis le Brésil, l’Amazonie péruvienne et ses villes dépendent toujours principalement de l’extraction des ressources naturelles et des exportations agricoles. L’article décrit différentes “ruées” contemporaines (pétrole, gaz, or ...) et le développement des cultures d’exportation (palmier à huile, café, cacao, et coca qui est de plus en plus présente dans les terres basses). Il aborde les questions de l’efficacité limitée de l’utilisation directe par les autorités locales et régionales d’une partie des impôts payés par les grandes compagnies, comme des effets de la présence d’activités échappant à tout contrôle de l’État et toute fiscalisation, et de la dégradation de l’environnement que finissent par impliquer toutes les formes d’extraction. Il souligne les médiocres conditions de vie que les villes amazoniennes offrent à des populations prises entre profusion et carences, et la faible possibilité d’évolution vers un développement plus durable.
Individu et néolibéralisme : réflexions à partir de l' expérience chilienne
Authors: Araujo Kathya , Martuccelli Danilo
Published: October 2013

L’article analyse, à partir des résultats d’une enquête empirique menée par entretiens semi-directifs (96 entretiens), la portée et les limites de la thèse de l’existence d’un Individu néolibéral dans la société chilienne contemporaine. Une fois rappelé le caractère exceptionnel du pays – premier laboratoire mondial du néolibéralisme depuis 1973 – il isole cinq grands éléments du modèle qui sont mis par la suite à l’épreuve des faits. Le résultat est tout sauf monolithique. Si le néolibéralisme a sans doute façonné la condition historique actuelle du pays, le texte montre, à travers différents facteurs et expériences, ses contradictions et ses limites, et propose une interprétation alternative – celle de l’hyper-acteur relationnel – qui permet de rendre compte de l’affirmation des individus dans ce pays dans les dernières décennies.
La transformation du charisme et le charisme de fonction
Authors: Weber Max
Published: October 2013

Ce texte est un extrait de la première traduction en langue française de la Sociologie de la domination , qui constituait, avant l’édition critique allemande de l’œuvre de Weber, le chapitre 9 de Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft , l’un des ouvrages posthumes de celui-ci. Rédigé en 1913, au moment où Weber importe la notion de charisme dans la sociologie politique, il s’interroge sur les conditions de possibilité qui contribuent à inscrire dans le quotidien le charisme et la domination qu’il institue. Par quelles dynamiques le charisme, à l’origine de caractère révolutionnaire et strictement personnel, peut-il devenir une part fondamentale de certaines institutions ? Le texte ouvre à une interprétation, jusqu’alors occultée en France, du charisme de fonction par le fondateur de la sociologie allemande. S’intéressant notamment à la « succession par élection », cet extrait permet aussi de resituer la pensée wébérienne dans l’histoire de la démocratie occidentale, dont la sociologie historique comparée de l’auteur entreprend un premier inventaire à l’aide d’une méthode reposant sur les idéaux-types.
Quand les milieux populaires se rendent aux urnes
Authors: Braconnier Céline , Dormagen Jean-Yves , de Castro Rocha Daniella
Published: October 2013

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude sur la mobilisation et la production des choix électoraux dans un quartier pauvre de la banlieue de Brasilia réalisée à l’occasion des élections de 2010. L’objectif est ici d’expliquer les taux de participation très élevés enregistrés dans ce quartier pourtant très populaire et faiblement politisé. La dimension « obligatoire » du vote en est un facteur essentiel à condition de ne pas la réduire à sa dimension de norme contraignante pesant sur les électeurs. L’étude souligne également les effets que cette obligation induit sur la production des campagnes électorales. Elle constitue, en effet, une puissante incitation pour les candidats à produire une offre attractive y compris en direction des publics les moins politisés. L’observation localisée montre ainsi que les taux de participation très élevés que l’on enregistre dans cet environnement populaire résultent, en grande partie, d’un intense campaigning qui repose principalement sur des transactions de type clientélaire, sur l’activation des structures d’encadrement, sur des interactions directes et la présence de relais d’opinion plus ou moins professionnalisés et bien insérés dans le tissu social.