bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytocemical Screening Water Extract of Pineapple Skin (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) from East Lombok
Authors: Angelina Varelia , Solehah Kurnia , Hasina Raisya
Published: January 2025

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) is empirically used as a medicine to cure constipation, nausea, urinary tract disorders, flu, and various skin diseases. Secondary metabolites that cause this activity are alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoids. Secondary metabolite phytochemical screening has been carried out on pineapple peel juice and freeze-dried pineapple peel powder, but no tests have been carried out on dehydrated pineapple peel powder. The primary objective of this study was to determine of secondary metabolites in pineapple peel water extract. The powdered pineapple peel extract was made using pineapple peel juice that had been dried in a dehydrator at 40ºC for two 24-hour cycles. Phytochemical screening makes use of a tube test, which involves qualitative observation using separate reagents for each chemical. Alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, tannins, and triterpenoids were found in pineapple skin as secondary metabolites, but saponin chemicals were found to be absent.
Antibibiotics Susceptibility Testing Against Staphylococcus Aureus from Nasal Isolates in Food Handlers in Canteen of Mataram University
Authors: Suryantarini Ni Wayan Puspa Wijaya , Hasbi Nurmi , Ayunda Rahmah Dara
Published: January 2025

Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by bacteria Staphylococcus aureus that contaminate food such as through transmission from the nose of the food handlers. Severe bacterial food poisoning requires appropriate antibiotic therapy. This study aims to test the susceptibility and compare the diameter of the inhibition zones of several antibiotics against S. aureus. The study is an experimental analytical consisting of sterilization of materials and antibiotics sensitivity testing using disc diffusion technique with replication. Statistical tests were carried out using the SPSS One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Test. The result showed that S. aureus was still sensitive to four antibiotics with the average diameter for gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol were 17.7 mm, 28.95 mm, 23.58 mm, and 23.08 mm, respectively. Statistical tests showed a significant difference in the diameter of inhibition zone from four antibiotics (p < .05). Ciprofloxacin produced the largest inhibition zone and gentamicin produced the smallest zone, while clindamycin and chloramphenicol did not show a significant difference (p > .05). It can be concluded that the four antibiotics are still suitable to treat diseases such as food poisoning caused by S. aureus. Personal hygiene of food handlers is important to prevent transmission of disease through food. Prevention of antibiotic resistance is carried out by paying attention to the appropriate use of antibiotics in the community. Further research with the larger size of sample and other antibiotics using different techniques is needed.
Gastric Lymphoma : A Literatur Review
Authors: Pramudya Rian , Alami Fathimah Nur , Sesariana Mayumi Agestia , Balqis Ananda Amirah , Fidelia Puspa Zalika , Yulianti Nur Afni , Bahraen Raehanul
Published: January 2025

Gastric lymphoma is the second most common finding in gastric malignancies worldwide. Gastric lymphoma is a lymphoproliferative disorder that originates in the stomach and encompasses various histological findings. In cases of gastric lymphoma, the most frequently diagnosed types are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. There is a known association between Helicobacter pylori infection and genetic mutations with the occurrence of gastrointestinal lymphoma. Treatment options for gastric lymphoma include observation, antibiotic therapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and chemotherapy. The therapy provided can be either monotherapy or a combination of treatments.
Effect of Zeolite Addition on Urea Fertilization Efficiency in Mustard Greens (Beassica juncea L.)
Authors: Diatna Elin , Muspiah Aida , Farista Baiq
Published: January 2025

Leaching of nitrogen nutrients in urea fertilizer application is a common problem in vegetable cultivation, including mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.). To address this problem, zeolite is added to the urea fertilizer to maximize the nutrient absorption by plants. This study aims to determine the effect of zeolite addition at various urea fertilizer concentrations on the growth of mustard greens and its effect on the efficiency rate of nutrient adsorption. This research is conducted on March up to May 2023 by using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 8 treatments, namely P0 (control, without urea and without zeolite), P1 (2 gr urea + 200 gr zeolite), P2 (4 gr urea + 200 gr zeolite), P3 (6 gr urea + 200 gr zeolite), P4 (8 gr urea + 200 gr zeolite), P5 (2 gr urea), P6 (4 gr urea), P7 (6 gr urea), and P8 (8 gr urea). Each treatment was repeated three times and put inside a greenhouse. The results showed that the combination of urea and the addition of zeolite to the planting medium gave higher values ​​on leaf area, number of leaves, wet weight and dry weight of mustard plants compared to the treatment of urea fertilizer without zeolite and also the control. The P4 treatment gave the largest leaf area (81.61 cm2) and the largest number of leaves (10.33). The P4 treatment also showed the highest results in wet weight and dry weight, namely 115 grams of wet weight and 9.3 grams of dry weight. The absorption efficiency was higher in the combination treatment of urea fertilizer and the addition of zeolite compared to the treatment of urea fertilizer and without zeolite or with the control. Meanwhile, the highest efficiency was found in the P4 treatment at 56.45%. This finding indicates that the addition of zeolite into the fertilizer can promote the growth of the mustard green.
Understanding Hypertension during Pregnancy: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Sholihatin Illiyani , Murniati Rinesita , Alami Fathimah Nur , Aziri Zirly Vera
Published: January 2025

Hypertension during pregnancy is a major contributor to morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization for both mothers and their unborn infants. Hypertension during pregnancy can significantly raising the risk of chronic diseases in the mother including heart failure, stroke, and chronic kidney disease, as well as increasing the chance of preterm birth and low birth weight of the baby. This conditions includes chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension preeclampsia, and eclampsia. This paper aims to review existing literature about factors influencing hypertension in pregnancy and the strategies to prevent this conditions. The analyzed literature shows that the high prevalence of hypertension during pregnancy is associated with several risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), maternal age, multiple pregnancies, gestational diabetes, history of hypertensive disorders in prior pregnancies, type 2 DM, and a family history of conditions such as type 2 DM, hypertension, and preeclampsia. Additionally, other factors such as level of education and socioeconomic status also effect the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy. The data were collected through an online search of library databases such as ProQuest, PubMed, MDPI, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. This paper presents an overview of the risk factors and preventive strategies for hypertension during pregnancy.
Clinical Manifestation of Depression in Adolescent: A Literature Review
Authors: Putri Ajeng Ayu , Hermansyah Anang , Faranajhia Hagia , Gifari Lalu Maulana Azmi , Zakiyyah Luthfi , Fauzan Muhammad , Amatullah Tazkiyah Arafah , Adni Azizatul
Published: January 2025

Adolescence is a critical phase in physical, cognitive and psychosocial development that can affect mental health. Depression is a major concern in this group, characterized by mood swings, loss of interest, and decreased energy. This article aims to review the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options of depression in adolescents. The method used was a literature review of various related studies. Results show that genetic factors, cognitive vulnerability, and environmental influences, such as family relationships and social media use, contribute to the emergence of depressive symptoms in adolescents. In addition, the increasing prevalence of cyberbullying correlates with high levels of emotional distress and suicidal ideation among adolescents. Treatment approaches include pharmacological interventions, especially SSRIs such as fluoxetine and escitalopram, as well as non-pharmacological therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and family-based psychosocial support. In conclusion, recognizing and effectively treating depression in adolescents is critical to improving long-term outcomes and building their mental resilience.
Potential of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and 5-Fluorouracil Combination in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: Literature Review
Authors: Syalsabila Dara Pitra , Manafe Carolina Janicca Winda
Published: January 2025

This article reviews the potential of combining Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) from green tea and 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) to enhance the effectiveness of colorectal cancer therapy. Colorectal cancer is a common type of cancer with a high mortality rate, particularly due to resistance to standard therapies like 5-Fu. The article aims to explore the potential of EGCG as a combination therapy to overcome resistance and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. The method used is a narrative literature review, collecting studies from PubMed, google scholar and proquest databases. The review findings show that EGCG can induce apoptosis, inhibit cancer cell growth, and increase cell sensitivity to 5-Fu. The combination of EGCG and 5-Fu has proven effective in suppressing cancer cell proliferation and reducing resistance to 5-Fu, especially in drug-resistant colorectal cancer cells. In conclusion, the EGCG and 5-Fu combination has the potential to become a more effective and safer colorectal cancer therapy with a lower risk of side effects, offering a promising prospect for future cancer therapy development.
Diagnose and Treatment of ADHD in Adult Woman: A Literature Review
Authors: Murniati Rinesita , Sholihatin Illiyani , Khalda Yumna Iftinan , Sulistiawangi
Published: January 2025

Most of the women remain undiagnosed until adulthood in ADHD. The gap on incidence ratio of ADHD between girls and adult women clearly reflects that there are different characteristics of ADHD symptoms in women, particularly a tendency towards inattentiveness, which usually goes unnoticed until adulthood. The delayed diagnosis may affect quality of life, life dissatisfaction, anxiety, substance addiction, social problem, depression, and suicide tendencies. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder predestined with the symptoms of difficulty in maintaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behavior, probably caused by genetic, neurobiologic, and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to understand the characteristics of ADHD symptoms look like in adult women and how to treat it. The method this study uses is a literature review sourcing articles from journal databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Research findings have established the fact that stigma and gender bias could obscure or delay the diagnosis of ADHD in women. Consequently, they often suffer from mental health issues, problems in relationships with others, and comorbid conditions like depression and anxiety that complicate the diagnosis of their ADHD. Treatment approach might differ for women because hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle can exacerbate symptoms of ADHD.
Navigating Non-Immune Hemolytic Anemia Membranopathy: Definitions to Clinical Strategies
Authors: Zahira Lu'lu Al Fatina , Madani Ayda Fitri , Kamilah Nilam Nurmilatun , Amany Zhafirah , Mario Andina Nabilah , Amaliya Annisa Risqi , Makbul Ini Hidayat , Zakiyyah Luthfi , Pramudya I Nengah Andra Putra , Putra Made Raditya Arhya
Published: January 2025

Anemia may arise from increased destruction of erythrocytes, blood loss, or impaired erythropoiesis, as indicated by diminished levels of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin. Hemolytic anemia involves accelerated RBC lysis that surpasses the bone marrow's compensatory capacity (approximately 120 days) and is categorized into immune and non-immune types. Non-immune hemolytic anemia is primarily hereditary, comprising enzymes, hemoglobinopathies, and membranopathies. This literature review specifically examines non-immune hemolytic anemia membranopathies, detailing their definitions, classifications, etiologies, pathophysiologies, diagnostics, and management. A thorough literature search was conducted using books, reviews, and case studies. Membranopathies are divided into structural defects, such as hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE), and altered membrane transport functions, including hereditary stomatocytosis and hereditary xerocytosis. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, jaundice, and dark urine, diagnosed through hematological tests and genetic analysis. Management is primarily supportive, involving blood transfusions and folic acid supplementation, with splenectomy recommended for severe cases. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of these hereditary conditions is critical for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, underscoring the importance of continued research into novel therapeutic approaches.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): A Literature Review
Authors: Putra Anak Agung Gede Agung Difa Agusta Pramana , Dwiputri Adelya Rahma , Madani Ayda Fitri , Ramadhani Dhea Asty , Maolidi Juan , Rabbani Muhammad Afif , Rizky Muhammad Ilham , Adni Azizatul
Published: January 2025

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a psychological disorder characterized by persistent and uncontrollable feelings of anxiety and worry that last for at least 6 months. In 2019, there were 301 million people in the world experiencing anxiety disorders, making GAD the most common mental disorder in the world. This literature review aims to increase knowledge about generalized anxiety disorder so that it can increase treatment rates and decrease social stigma attached to GAD. Sources for this review were gathered through online databases including review articles, research studies, and professional guidebooks related to the topic. The review results show that GAD has a wide range of risk factors including personal, social, and environmental factors. GAD can have severe complications if not treated properly, hence highlighting the need for early detection and effective treatments.
Adolescent Idiopatic Scoliosis: A Literatur Review
Authors: Az-zahra Falira Khoirunnisa , Fadila Amila , Zahira Lu’lu Al Fatina , Firdaus A Abiel Dwi Cahya , Fadlurrohman M. Zaidan , Anindya M Nyoman Ayu , Aryuni Baiq Aisha , Vaidika I Komang Satya , Ramadhita Nova Izza Salsa , Putra Rian Akka Jaya , Akbar Rauchan Abdi , Alaydrus Muhammad Mukaddam
Published: January 2025

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a structural spinal disorder commonly found in adolescents, characterized by an unknown cause of lateral curvature. This condition is typically detected during periods of rapid growth, particularly between the ages of 10 and 18. This literature review aims to provide a deeper understanding of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in general, as well as to explore the latest management criteria for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The earlier AIS is detected and managed, the better the prognosis for the patient. The method used in this paper is a literature review. This review method involves searching for and examining reading Scholar, PubMed, and ProQuest regarding AIS. This paper summarizes the etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, classification, diagnosis, and available treatments including management and rehabilitation currently available.
Influence of Photoperiod on The Induction of in Vitro Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Shoots
Authors: Normasari Rut
Published: January 2025

The tuber plant known as porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) has a lot of industrial potential. Due to the restricted supply of seeds, porang production is still minimal despite its many advantages, which make it an export commodity with plenty of prospects. An alternate method for quickly and efficiently producing high-quality porang seeds in big quantities is in vitro culture. One significant element influencing in vitro shoot induction is photoperiod. The study aims to obtain the best photoperiod for in vitro porang shoot induction. This study applied a completely randomized design with 7 photoperiod treatments (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 hours) and 5 replications. The percentage of explants that develop shoots, the number of shoots per explant, and the total number of shoots are all examples of observation parameters. An additional 5% Duncan test was performed to determine whether there was a significant impact on the observation variables after the observation data was analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that a 16-hour photoperiod produced the highest porang shoot induction in all observation variables in the 4th and 8th weeks.
Literature Review: Exploration of Bioactive Components of Avicennia marina and Its Biological Activities
Authors: Budastra Cintya , Ulya Tuhfatul , Maulidya Selvira Anandia Intan , Purnomo Indra , Lisnasari Baiq Risky Wahyu , Permatasari Lina
Published: January 2025

Indonesia, as a maritime nation, possesses numerous mangrove ecosystems that have significant potential for exploring their benefits. One species of mangrove that has attracted attention is Avicennia marina, which contains various bioactive compounds. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the bioactive components of the Avicennia marina plant and its biological activities, particularly its therapeutic potential and benefits in the pharmaceutical field. We conducted a literature search to find relevant articles in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords: plant identification + Avicennia marina; compound identification + Avicennia marina; biological activity + Avicennia marina. The bioactive content from the leaves, fruits, stems, and roots of Avicennia marina has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. This effect is strongly correlated to the presence of active metabolites of triterpenes, terpene alcohols, diterpenes, tannins, dodecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, phenolic compound, flavonoid, squalene, and phytol. This indicates that Avicennia marina is a promising natural source for further research in the development of a new drug. Our finding further the notion of Avicennia marina as a potential medicinal plant.
Biopriming with Trichoderma spp. as a Strategy to Enhance Seed Viability and Vigor in Several Rice Varieties (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Due Maria Serviana , Djawapatty David Januarius , Nosen Ludgardis Keas , Bay Jenny Ronawati , Bao Antonia Paulina , Limbu Nataniel Umbu
Published: January 2025

Rice plants frequently encounter both biotic and abiotic stress because the nation is tropical. Through the application of ecologically friendly technology, the sustainability of diminishing rice production can be addressed. Trichoderma spp. microorganisms used in biopriming may be able to address the issues that come up. The purpose of the research is to determine how bio priming using Trichoderma spp. affects the viability and vigor of seeds from several rice varieties. (Oryza sativa L.). This study employs an experimental approach with a Completely Randomized approach (CRD) factorial design that includes two factors: the rice variety and the concentration of Trichoderma spp. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study show that seed vigor and viability are significantly impacted by biopriming with Trichoderma spp. For the Kusuma 05 rice variety, the treatment with Trichoderma spp. at a 30% concentration showed the largest increase in each variable.
Inventory of orchids plants (Orchidaceae) in the Tangkahan area, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Ramadhan Dita Alviana , Sarjani Tri Mustika , Suwardi Adi Bejo
Published: January 2025

Indonesia is a mega biodiversity country with great biodiversity abundant as flora and fauna. One of the plants that contributes in the richness of flora in Indonesia, namely orchids. Orchids are a group of plants belonging to the Orchidaceae family. The purpose of this research is to find out the types of the Orchidaceaefamily and find out characteristics of the orchidaceae family. This research was conducted in May 2024 in the Tangkahan area, Namo Sialang village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatera. This research was conducted using an exploratory method (exploration) by directly observing the orchids at the research location. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling. Data analysis carried out by describing the spescies obtained based on morphology, identified, and made a key to the determinationpresented in form tables and figures. Based on the results of research on orchids types (Orchidaceae) which is found in the Tangkahan area, Langkat regency, North Sumatera as many as 13 species belonging to 10 genera, namely Acriopsis liliifolia, Archnis flos-aeris, Cattleya intermedia, Cymbidium finlaysonianum, Dendrobium aphyllum, Dendrobium cretaceum, Dendrobium crumenatum, Epidendrum rigidum, Phalaenopsis amabilis, Phalaenopsis equestris, Spathoglottis plicata, Trimezia martinicensis, and Vanda tricolor. Every speies of orchid found to have different characteristics ranging from stems, leaves, flowers, and their living habitat.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Centella asiatica by Soxhletation Extraction Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Anggraeni Baiq Annisa Ulfi , Mukhlishah Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul , Rosyunita Rosyunita
Published: January 2025

Treatment of P. aeruginosa infection often involves antibiotics but these bacteria can develop resistance. An alternative strategy is developing drugs from natural ingredients such as gotu kola herb (Centella asiatica) which contains potential antibacterial secondary metabolites. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. asiatica extracted by the soxhletation method against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and identify the secondary metabolites. The research used laboratory experiment using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) in vitro. It includes 3 treatment groups with concentrations of 5.000 ppm, 7.500 ppm, and 10.000 ppm and 2 control groups: positive (colistin) and negative (DMSO 10%). The diameter of the inhibition zone served as an indicator of activity, and each group was reproduced five times. The biggest inhibitory zone diameter, with an average of 3 mm, was formed by the C. asiatica ethyl acetate fraction at a concentration of 7.500 ppm, according to the results. Secondary metabolites such triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics were detected by phytochemical analyses. The ethyl acetate fraction of C. asiatica exhibited antibacterial activity against clinical isolate P. aeruginosa, as demonstrated by the significant difference between all concentration series with the positive control in the Mann-Whitney post-hoc test results.
The Growth of Epicotyl Shoots of Glutinous Corn (Zea mays L. var. ceratina) on Murashige Skoog Medium with NAA and Coconut Water
Authors: Delviera Dhea Amanda , Zakiah Zulfa , Turnip Masnur
Published: January 2025

Glutinous corn (Zea mays L. var. ceratina) is a local variety known for its distinctive traits, particularly its high amylopectin content, comprising 72% amylopectin and 28% amylose. This research aims to explore the impact of incorporating Naphthalene Acetic Acid (N.A.A.) and coconut water and identify the optimal concentrations that influence the growth of epicotyl shoots in glutinous corn. The study was conductedk in the Tissue Culture Laboratory at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University in Pontianak. A completely randomized design (C.R.D) with factorial arrangements was employed. The first factor considered various concentrations of NAA (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm), while the second factor involved coconut water at different concentrations (0%, 15%, 30%, and 60%). The findings indicated that the combination of NAA and coconut water significantly impacted the shoot emergence time and height. The combinations of 0.5 ppm NAA with 15% and 30% coconut water resulted in the fastest shoot growth, averaging 2.4 days after seed treatment (hst). In contrast, using 30% coconut water alone, without NAA, produced the tallest shoots, averaging 3.48 cm. However, the growth of glutinous corn epicotyl shoots was optimal only until 14 days of age.
Differences in Bacterial Types in Controlled and Uncontrolled Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Sakti Hari Saktiningsih , Vector Stephen Dewangga  , Sulasmi Sulasmi
Published: January 2025

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders caused by various environmental, genetic and lifestyle factors as a result of a decrease in insulin secretion. An increase in the incidence of DM will certainly be followed by an increase in the possibility of chronic complications of DM. High glucose concentrations in urine are a good medium for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, as a result, DM patients often experience urinary tract infections (UTI). The aim of this research is to find out the description of the identification of bacteria that cause urinary tract infections in controlled and uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus. This research method uses an observational analytical research type with a cross-sectional approach. Data were analyzed descriptively to determine the identification of bacteria in controlled and uncontrolled DM.  The results of the research showed diabetes type 2 was uncontrolled with different types of bacteria, namely: Streptococcus sp (8.3%), Staphylococcus epidemidis (16.75), Salmonella paratyphi A (8.3%), Serratia marcescens (8.3% ), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.3%), Escherichia coli (16.67%), Enterococcus faecalis (8.3%), while controlled DM type 2 was found Staphylococcus aureus (8.3%), Escherichia coli (16.67%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.3%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.3%).
Analysis of Smoking Habits, Sleep Quality, and Eating Patterns with The Incidence of Hypertension in The Work Area of The Teruwai Community Health Center, Pujut District, Central Lombok Regency in The Period of 20-31 August 2024
Authors: Adipati Adyen Widya , Pramana Kadek Dwi , Ardianti Nurul Endah , Dharmapala Juslaksmi , Dharmapala Juslaksmi
Published: January 2025

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings of 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg, respectively, are indicative of hypertension, a condition that can lead to major consequences like heart attacks, strokes, and early death. The prevalence of hypertension increased significantly in 2018, reaching 1.3 billion individuals worldwide. This study aims to determine the relationship between smoking habits, sleep quality, and dietary patterns with the incidence of hypertension in the Working Area of Teruwai Community Health Center, Pujut Subdistrict, Central Lombok Regency, during the period of August 20–31, 2024. The study utilized a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 108 respondents, selected through simple random sampling. The statistical test employed was the chi-square test. The results found 76 respondents (70.4%) had high blood pressure. Hypertensive behavior and smoking significantly correlated (p-value = 0,000). Likewise, there is a significant relationship between food patterns and hypertension (p-value = 0,000) and sleep quality and hypertension (p-value = 0,000). The conclusion is that risk factors for hypertension include smoking habits, sleep quality, and dietary patterns, all of which significantly influence the incidence of hypertension.
Effect of Kinetin Concentration on Callus Induction of Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm Under in Vitro Conditions
Authors: Noli Zozy Aneloi , Hanafi Muhammad , Idris M. , Hany Iga Permata
Published: January 2025

The Papuan indigenous plant Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm has substantial commercial significance as an essential oil source. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are essential for regulating growth responses including callus development, and tissue culture offers a viable means of reproducing this species. Kinetin, a cytokinin-type PGR, is particularly important in promoting cell division and callus development. This study aimed to evaluate the growth response of C. massoy explants under varying kinetin concentrations and determine the optimal concentration for callus induction. The experiment utilized a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three kinetin treatments: 0.5 mg/L (A), 1.0 mg/L (B), and 1.5 mg/L (C). Results showed that 1.0 mg/L kinetin achieved the highest explant survival rate (71%) and the lowest browning rate (8%), compared to 13% browning at 0.5 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L. However, the highest callus formation (0.25 average callus) with a compact, brownish texture was observed at 1.5 mg/L. The 0.5 mg/L concentration consistently exhibited the lowest response across all parameters. These findings indicate that 1.0 mg/L kinetin is optimal for enhancing explant survival and minimizing browning, while 1.5 mg/L is more effective for inducing callus formation, underscoring the importance of kinetin concentration in optimizing C. massoy tissue culture protocols.
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity Test of Red Dragon Fruit Extract 70% Ethanol Solvent and 96% Ethanol
Authors: Wiguna I Made Danuarta , Anak Agung Ayu Niti Wedayani  , Restuningdyah Novia Andansari Putri , Ni Ketut Susilawati  , Eka Arie Yuliyani
Published: January 2025

Super Red Dragon Fruit is known to have various compounds with high antioxidant activity, which are important in preventing or assisting therapies to reduce free radicals in the body. Different types of solvents, including ethanol, can affect the antioxidant levels in dragon fruit compounds. Therefore, it is important to determine the level of ethanol solvent that provides the highest antioxidant activity. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity in red dragon fruit extract using 70% and 96% ethanol solvents and determine whether there is a difference in activity between the two. Using the true experimental method, antioxidant activity in the fruit and skin of red super dragon fruit extracted using two different solvent levels was compared. Based on the shapiro-wilk test which showed a p value of 0.410, it was found that there was no significant difference between the two solvents in terms of antioxidant activity. This result indicates that the antioxidant activity in red dragon fruit extracts with 70% and 96% ethanol solvents has no significant difference.
Effect of Formaldeyde Induction of Histopathological Features of The Lungs of Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)
Authors: Yassa I Wayan Radityakara Wirasena , Anak Agung Ayu Niti Wedayani  , Restuningdyah Novia Andansari Putri , Linda Silvana Sari  , Eka Arie Yuliyani
Published: January 2025

Formaldehyde, a known carcinogen prevalent in everyday environments, poses significant health risks, particularly through inhalation exposure. This study investigates the histopathological changes in the lungs of Wistar rats induced by formaldehyde at doses of 20, 30, and 40 parts per million (ppm) over a three-month period. The research aims to elucidate the onset of dysplasia, a cellular defense mechanism characterized by abnormal epithelial proliferation, as a response to carcinogenic exposure. Utilizing a post-test only control group experimental design, we observed that increased formaldehyde exposure correlates with a heightened severity of dysplasia, with a statistically significant result (p = 0.002). Our findings indicate that varying doses of formaldehyde lead to differential degrees of dysplasia, underscoring the importance of dose-response relationships in assessing the carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde on lung tissue.
Association of Body Mass Index, Age, and Sex with Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Arsana Bagus Surya , Bagiansah Mamang , Zoraya Sabrina Intan , Azhar Mutiara Budi
Published: January 2025

People with diabetes mellitus (DM) experience impaired insulin function so that glucose cannot enter the cells so that blood glucose levels increase. Several factors such as body mass index, age, and gender can also affect blood glucose levels. If not controlled properly, high blood glucose levels can cause various complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between body mass index, age, and gender with blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic, Praya Regional General Hospital (RSUD). The design of this study is cross-sectional and observational. With a sample size of 108, sequential sampling was the method used. The Continuity Correction test and the Chi-Square test were used to analyze the data. The study's findings revealed a highly significant correlation between blood glucose levels and body mass index (p-value <0.001, OR 11.261, 95% CI 4.137-30.649). Blood glucose levels and age are significantly correlated (p-value = 0.018, OR 2.865, 95% CI 1.269-6.466). Blood glucose levels and gender are significantly correlated (p-value = 0.004, OR 3.567, 95% CI 1.575-8.077). In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Internal Medicine Polyclinic of Praya Hospital, random blood glucose levels were significantly correlated with body mass index, age, and gender, according to the findings of statistical tests. Uncontrolled random blood glucose levels were eleven times more common in obese respondents than in non-obese respondents.
Association Between Hypertension and Diabetic Ulcers in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Evada Alung Abhan , Pramana Kadek Dwi , Wulandari Made Ayu Mirah , Azhar Mutiara Budi
Published: January 2025

One of the most common diseases in the world, including in Indonesia, is diabetes mellitus, which can lead to complications such diabetic ulcers, which can raise the risk of death and amputation. It is believed that hypertension, as a risk factor in and of itself, contributes to the development of diabetic ulcers by causing both macrovascular and microvascular damage. This study aims to analyze the association between hypertension and diabetic ulcers in diabetes mellitus patients at the Mataram City Regional General Hospital (RSUD). This research is an analytical observational study with a case-control design. Sampling used purposive sampling technique. A total of 105 samples were selected with a 1:2 ratio between the case and control groups who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test. There is a significant association between hypertension and diabetic ulcers (p-value = 0.028; OR = 2.771; 95% CI = 1.198–6.411). Subjects with uncontrolled hypertension were 3 times more at risk of developing diabetic ulcers.
Computational Study of N-Hexane Extract of Jotang Herba (Acmella uliginosa)
Authors: Nabillah Deya Adiby , Kholifah Eva , Ahmaddhani Surya
Published: January 2025

The study investigates the in silico toxicity of n-hexane extract from Acmella uliginosa (Jotang) herb, a plant widely used in traditional medicine. In silico methods, such as molecular docking, toxicity prediction, and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analysis, were employed to assess the potential harmful effects of the extract’s chemical constituents. The primary aim was to evaluate the safety profile of the extract in terms of cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and organ toxicity. The study used computational tools like Pre.ADMET to predict various toxicological endpoints based on the molecular properties of the compounds identified in the n-hexane extract. The results suggested that while some compounds exhibited low toxicity risk, others showed potential mutagenic or hepatotoxic effects. This in silico approach provides a rapid and cost-effective method for preliminary toxicity assessment, offering valuable insights for further in vivo or clinical studies. The findings underscore the importance of integrating computational techniques into the safety evaluation of herbal medicines.
Impact of Steam Power Plant X Wastewater Disposal on Phytoplankton Community Structure and Coastal Water Quality in South Lampung
Authors: Ramadhina Melati Rizki , Susanto Gregorius Nugroho , Alfarisi Salman , Tugiyono Tugiyono
Published: January 2025

Steam power plant is a power plant that uses steam energy as the main turbine engine to produce electricity. Most steam power plant are built in coastal areas because it requires water for its utilization as waste heat or coolant from the surrounding environment. The construction of steam power plant in coastal areas has caused several issues, such as hot water waste, coal waste, mud, sand, and others that can affect the quality of coastal waters and alter the biological composition in the ocean. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Steam Power Plant X wastewater disposal on the phytoplankton community structure and coastal water quality in South Lampung. The sampling points were taken at 3 stations in March-April 2024. Water samples were analyzed using 3 parameters: physics, chemistry and biology, with seven optional parameters measured both ex situ and in situ, namely pH, temperature, salinity, brightness, TSS, nitrate and plankton. Based on the results, the disposal of wastewater from Steam Power Plant X has an impact on the phytoplankton community structure, resulting an increase in dominance of phytoplankton species and causing an increase in physical parameters such as temperature and brightness that exceed environmental quality standards.
Uji Antiinflamasi Ekstrak Etanol Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) Secara In Vitro
Authors: Fitriana Mariama , Hajrin Wahida , Subaidah Windah Anugrah , Ridwan Sucilawaty , Pratiwi Eskarani Tri
Published: January 2025

Angelica keiskei has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent because it contains chalcone which has been proven to be able to suppress inflammation through inhibiting nitric oxide production and inhibiting the expression of the iNOS and COX-2. The anti-inflammatory potential of Angelica keiskei needs to be tested. This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of Angelica keiskei ethanol extract using the protein denaturation inhibition method. Angelica keiskei was extracted using the sonication method with 96% ethanol. The extract was tested for anti-inflammatory activity using the protein denaturation inhibition method with diclofenac sodium as a positive control. The percent of inflammatory inhibition is used to assess sample activity. The results showed that the percent of inflammatory inhibition of Angelica keiskei ethanol extract increased as the test concentration increased. The maximum percent inhibition was obtained at a concentration of 1.5% with the percent of inflammatory inhibition value of 23.14% ± 0.05. Angelica keiskei ethanol extract has anti-inflammatory activity based on in vitro testing using the protein denaturation inhibition method.
Management Strategies for Maize Cultivation in Drylands through Soil Tillage Techniques and Fertilizer Efficiency
Authors: Arum Dewi Pervitara , Mulyati Mulyati , Suwardji Suwardji
Published: January 2025

Dryland in Indonesia covers approximately 75.6% of the total land area, with a significant portion utilized for agriculture, including maize cultivation. However, the main challenge in maize farming on dryland is the low organic matter content and soil fertility, which can affect growth and yield. This study aims to review various soil tillage techniques and the application of both organic and inorganic fertilizers in maize cultivation on dryland. The soil tillage techniques examined include no-tillage, minimum tillage, and intensive tillage, focusing on fertilization efficiency and the sustainability of land management practices. The methodology employed was a literature review, analyzing publications indexed in SINTA and/or Scopus between 2019 and 2024. The results of the study indicate that the minimum tillage treatment provided the best results, with phosphorus availability of 17.55 mg/kg, potassium of 0.78 cmol/kg, and an increase in organic carbon to 2.44%, along with a slightly alkaline soil pH of 7.65. Minimum tillage was found to be effective in improving soil fertility without causing significant changes in pH, making it the best option for sustainable maize cultivation on dryland.
Diversity of Macroalgae in Sire Beach, North Lombok
Authors: Arianti Alya , Pazila Baiq Dinda Aluh Putri , Ramdhiani Arsyka , Kurniawan Ali , Kholidah Baiq Maylina , Royani Baiq Nurlatifa , Pratiwi Baiq Dwi Sekarjati , Candri Dining Aidil , Ghazali Mursal
Published: January 2025

Macroalgae are multicellular lower plant organisms that live in water, especially in marine waters. Macroalgae better known as marine algae are macroscopic algae that can reach several meters in length. Macroalgae are a highly diverse group of organisms in terms of morphology, level of structural complexity, and size. They play an important role in maintaining ocean water quality, reducing coastal erosion, and providing habitat for a wide variety of marine life. This study aimed to identify the macroalgae species present in the Sire Beach area and determine the ecological index of macroalgae in the Sire Beach area. This study was conducted from October to December 2024. Data collection was carried out using the transect method along the coastline with a transect size of 50 m perpendicular to the coastline. The macroalgae data found in this study are categorized into three classes, seven orders, seven families, nine genera, and 15 species of macroalgae. The macroalgae types found include eight species of the phylum Chlorophyta, four species of the phylum Phaeophyta, and three species of the phylum Rhodophyta. Chlorophyta (green algae) is the most common type of macroalgae in Shira Beach. The diversity index (H\') in this study was 2.47, indicating a moderate diversity of macroalgae. The evenness index value obtained is 0.91 which indicates that the evenness value is high. The dominance index in this study is 0.11 which indicates that the level of dominance is low. The obtained Margarev's wealth indicator is 3.69, indicating that the richness of the seeds is moderate.
Foraminifera Community Structure in Gili Kapal, Sambalia District, East Lombok as A Learning Resource for Invertebrate Zoology
Authors: Ariadi Muhammad Rojiman , Santoso Didik , Ilhamdi Mohammad Liwa
Published: January 2025

Gili Kapal is a small island filled with sand. The sand on Gili Kapal is caused by coral fragments and shells of benthic Foraminifera which dominate. Foraminifera is a group of single-celled animals that belong to the Protozoa Phylum of the Class Sarcodina and can be used as bioindicators to determine various environmental changes in the ocean. This study aims to determine Foraminifera species and community structure in the form of species diversity index, species evenness index and dominance index of Foraminifera species in Gili Kapal, Sambalia, East Lombok. Sampling was carried out using a corer sampler made of PVC pipes with the Purposive Sampling method in January 2022. The species diversity index, species evenness index, and species dominance index were analyzed as part of the data for this study. According to the study's findings, there are five species across four genera and three families. Sequentially the Foraminifera species found were; Amphistegina radiata, Calcarina spengleri, Schlumbergerella neotetraedra, Schlumbergerella floresiana, and Sorites orbiculus. The species diversity index was 0.9 (low category), the species evenness index was 0.4 (low category), and the species dominance index was 0.6 (medium category). It can be concluded that, sequentially the constituents of the Foraminifera community on Gili Kapal are Amphistegina radiata, Calcarina spengleri, Schlumbergerella neotetraedra, Schlumbergerella floresiana, and Sorites orbiculus.
The Effect of Olive Oil and Tin Leaf Extract on GDP Levels in White Rats
Authors: Jannah Reza Miftahul , Syamsu Rachmat Faisal , Karim Marzelina , Julyani Sry , Kartika Andy Visi
Published: January 2025

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by fasting blood glucose levels of less than 126 mg/dl, which are above the normal range. DM is otherwise called the quiet executioner since it is frequently not understood and when it is found complexities have happened. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), which have anti-diabetic properties, can be found in olive oil, a functional food. Fig leaves contain flavonoid compounds, β-setosterol, and these polyphenols are accounted for to work as antidiabetics. The point of this study was to decide the impact of directing olive oil and fig leaf separate on fasting blood glucose levels in white rodents. This study employs a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design and quantitative experimental research methods. The examples utilized were 24 mice. The independent t-test was used to process the results, and One Way Annova was used to carry on. According to the findings of the study, the group that received olive oil had a fasting blood glucose of 41.00 mg/dL (p0.004), the group that received fig leaf extract had a p value of 37.25 mg/dL (p0.005), and the group that received a mixture of olive oil and fig leaf extract had a p value of 39.00 mg/dL (p0.004). Olive oil and fig leaf extract both have an effect on the blood glucose levels of mice induced by Aloxan, but the combination yields more significant results. This is the study's conclusion.
Response of Cayenne Pepper and Red Pepper Plants to The Concentration of Orrin Liquid Fertilizer on Entisol Soil
Authors: Fikranti Annisa Anjung , Mulyati Mulyati , Silawibawa I Putu
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the effect of orrin liquid fertilizer on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper and red peppers on Entisol.  The research method used is an experimental method, carried out on farmer-owned land in Kediri village, Kediri District, West Lombok Regency from June to October 2023. The study consisted of two experimental units consisting of one unit for cayenne pepper and another unit for red chili, The experimental design used was a randomized group design, with the treatment of orrin liquid fertilizer concentration (0, 10, 20) ml / L Each treatment was repeated three times and the data observed were analyzed using analysis of variance, while the different treatment was further tested using BNJ 5%. The outcomes showed that the treatment of orrin fluid manure application didn't influence the development of cayenne pepper and red bean stew plants which include: plant level, number of leaves and number of stem branches), yet impacted the yield parts which include: organic product weight and number of natural products. While the timeframe of realistic usability of cayenne pepper can arrive at 35 days and red pepper 45 days without decay.