bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substrate mediated interaction of terbium(iii) double-deckers with the TiO2(110) surface
Authors: Serrano Giulia , Sorrentino Andrea Luigi , Poggini Lorenzo , Cortigiani Brunetto , Goletti Claudio , Sessoli Roberta , Mannini Matteo
Published: May 2021

STM and XPS characterization studies were used to deeply investigate the chemical environment of TbPc2 molecules on the TiO2 rutile surface, probing a strong interfacial interaction independently from surface preparation.
High oxide-ion conductivity in acceptor-doped Bi-based perovskites at modest doping levels
Authors: Li Linhao , Kler Joe , West Anthony R. , De Souza Roger A. , Sinclair Derek C.
Published: May 2021

High oxide ion conductivity is achieved in A-site alkaline earth doped BiFeO3 at modest levels. The similar levels of conductivity suggest oxide–ion conduction in Bi-based tilted perovskites is beyond a simple radius-based crystallochemical approach.
Understanding the remarkable difference in liquid crystal behaviour between secondary and tertiary amides: the synthesis and characterisation of new benzanilide-based liquid crystal dimers
Authors: Strachan Grant J. , Harrison William T. A. , Storey John M. D. , Imrie Corrie T.
Published: May 2021

A number of liquid crystal dimers have been synthesised and characterised containing secondary or tertiary (N-methyl) benzanilide-based mesogenic groups.
A review on bismuth oxyhalide based materials for photocatalysis
Authors: Wei Xuejiao , Akbar Muhammad Usama , Raza Ali , Li Gao
Published: May 2021

A new class of photocatalysts comprising ternary semiconductors such as BiOX joined via van der Waals forces is potential candidates for photocatalysis because of their high charge transfer ratio due to their indirect band gaps with crystallinity.
Gold nanoparticles grown on a hydrophobic and texturally tunable PDMS-like framework
Authors: Kacem Marieme , Katir Nadia , El Haskouri Jamal , Essoumhi Abdellatif , El Kadib Abdelkrim
Published: May 2021

A sol-gel analogue of PDMS was used to built hydrophobic siloxane supports, while confining gold nanoparticles.
Positive thermal expansion facilitates the formation of argentophilic forces following an order–disorder phase transition
Authors: Juneja Navkiran , Unruh Daniel K. , Groeneman Ryan H. , Hutchins Kristin M.
Published: May 2021

Variable-temperature studies of the 0D silver-based complex [Ag2(CF3SO3)2(4-SB)4] reveal formation of argentophilic forces upon warming due to a phase transition.
Dual color triads: synthesis, photophysics and applications in live cell imaging
Authors: Tanrıverdi Eçik Esra , Özcan Emrah , Kazan Hasan Hüseyin , Erol Ismail , Şenkuytu Elif , Çoşut Bünyemin
Published: May 2021

Fluorescent labels and probes constitute an important class of organic materials used in the development of sensor systems and imaging platforms for various chemical and molecular biology applications.
Comparison of oxygen-free graphene sheets obtained in DMF and DMF-aqua media
Authors: Trusova Elena A. , Klimenko Inna V. , Afzal Asya M. , Shchegolikhin Alexander N. , Jurina Lyubov V.
Published: May 2021

In pure DMF, the graphene layering is mainly limited to 5 layers; in the aqua presence, partial association of the lightest graphene sheets with the highest surface energy occurs.
Synthesis of the fungal macrolide berkeleylactone A and its inhibition of microbial biofilm formation
Authors: Schriefer Manuel G. , Schrey Hedda , Zeng Haoxuan , Stadler Marc , Schobert Rainer
Published: May 2021

Berkeleylactone A was built up in 13 steps and 24% yield using a Wittig alkenation to close the macrocyle. It inhibited the formation of biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and dispersed preformed biofilms of Candida albicans at subtoxic concentrations.
Hydroxychloroquine based chemical drug for combination therapy with 5-Fu for inhibiting the pathway of Akt/mTOR in autophagy process on colon cancer
Authors: Liao Zhi , chen yan , han lizhu , yu dongke , shi tingting , liu zhixi , Xiao Hongtao
Published: May 2021

Abstract: In order to improve the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the selectivity in anti-tumour therapy, the α-linolenic acid conjugated hydroxychloroquine (AHQ) was designed, which was aiming to enhance anti-tumor...
Instruments for ensuring the balanced development of maritime and inland waterway transport in Ukraine
Authors: Ilchenko Svitlana , Khumarova Nina , Maslii Natalia , Demianchuk Maryna , Skribans Valerijs
Published: May 2021

In this paper, present the appropriate tools for the balanced development of maritime and inland waterway transport in Ukraine to ensure the implementation of the country’s economic, social and environmental plans. Using statistical data, the main indicators of the development of waterway transport in Ukraine are systematized, which indicate a lack of a technical base for a high-quality and balanced development of waterway transport in Ukraine, irrational use of the territory and water area of ports, their infrastructure, transport routes, as well as a decrease in business entities, which negatively affects the economy country. This points to the need to stimulate the development of waterway transport to increase the number of jobs, improve living conditions of the population, curb migration processes and retain qualified personnel, unload land transport, and save money on road repairs. Therefore, in order to ensure the implementation of the country’s economic, social and environmental plans, an instrumental-logical model has been developed to ensure the co-evolutionary balanced development of water transport in Ukraine, which is based on the use of institutional, legal, financial, economic and information and communication tools.
Paradigm towards ensuring of energy saving in the crisis management conditions in the aspect of sustainable environmental development
Authors: Kuzmynchuk Nataliia , Kutsenko Tetiana , Zyma Olga , Terovanesova Oleksandra , Bachkir Iryna
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is to develop the theoretical foundations of energy saving as a factor in achieving the goals of sustainable environmental development on the principles of crisis management. The growth in the volume of energy consumption in the world is accompanied by the increase in anthropogenic pressures on the environment and humans and actualizes the issue of achieving sustainable environmental development of the society while reducing the resources use and solving environmental problems. Based on the use of economic and mathematical methods it is substantiated the feasibility of household consumers to use three-phase meters and it is proved the need to switch to a combined electric heating system which allowed to stimulate the electricity users to use electricity economically and solve the problem of load leveling in accordance with the crisis management principles. In practice, the implementation of the proposed activities will make it possible to activate the transition of household consumers to a differentiated tariff and achieve the goals of crisis management and environmental efficiency.
Organization and management of the development of ecological tourism in a circular economy
Authors: Hutsaliuk Oleksii , Bondar Iuliiа , Sereda Nataliіа , Babych Oksana , Shchoholieva Inna
Published: May 2021

In the modern world, the question of the interaction of society and nature is one of the most acute problems among those facing humanity. Today, rapid economic development is causing a significant increase in the use and, consequently, depletion of natural resources. This necessitates the search for a new economic model that could break the link between economic growth and the depletion of natural resources. The study substantiates the theoretical aspects of eco-tourism as an important component of the strategy of sustainable development of tourism in Ukraine. The priority directions of sustainable development of tourism in the context of modernization of economic activity of Ukraine are outlined. The main directions of greening of the tourist sphere are considered. The main functions and principles of eco-tourism are formed and the relevance of the research and the need to develop prospects for the development of eco-tourism in Ukraine are substantiated. The concept of circular economy is a new economic model that manages the development of ecotourism, which allows to resolve the growing contradiction between the need to meet the growing needs of tourists and the limited number of natural, social, economic resources of host destinations in a deteriorating environment.
Modeling corporate games to increase the ecological value of entrepreneurship and innovative business
Authors: Mikhno Inesa , Koval Viktor , Korenyuk Petro , Smutchak Zinaida , Bozhanova Viktoriia
Published: May 2021

This article aims to examine the role of innovations and liability of economic entities when setting up businesses in Ukraine’s current conditions, define the role, prospects and value of other business players during market analysis by the example of corporate game and designing of efficient tools for enhancing the speed of implementing an eco-friendly and technological business and its integration into global communities. Any activity enhances relations between economic entities and encourages the establishment of cooperations, groups, communities whose activities can be considered from the perspective of corporate games. It is found that social media development has resulted in consolidation of entrepreneurs and emergence of trends, which can be easier corrected externally and can increase the probability of eco-friendly business adoption. The model of corporate games has been substantiated, taking into account individual contributions to self-advancement and education, which facilitates higher liability and integration of innovations into businesses. The article describes tools for assessing the introduction of ecological business development that should be implemented by economic entities for comprehensive analysis of enterprise operations. Ukraine can increase the speed of building up innovative businesses while enhancing the liability of each entrepreneur and establishing cooperation that can be considered from the perspective of corporate game.
The essence and basic product selling strategies in recreation and health tourism
Authors: Hladkyi Oleksandr , Sakhno Svitlana , Khadzhynova Olena , Dakal Alla , Kapranovа Larysa
Published: May 2021

This paper deals with basic product selling strategies in recreation and health tourism investigations. The theoretical principles of formation and selling the product of recreational tourism are disclosed. The health and recreational tourism definition as an object of scientific research is proposed. The worldwide management practice of formation on the product of health and recreational tourism is considered. Health tourism investigates different elements of health treatment system as well as investigates basic concepts of health treatment in tourism. These directions of recreation and health treatment sciences investigations became more urgent nowadays and content the main scientific aim of this article. Health treatment system is a system of social and natural sciences that investigates health reproduction by restoring of their essential powers; investigates conditions, causes, characteristics, mechanisms and drivers of the recovery process at different stages; investigates laws and principles of formation and development of recreation systems as well as their interrelations with other elements of social life and production in resort systems. The purpose of the research is to study theoretic and practical aspects of the product selling strategies in health and recreational tourism as well as proposals for its improvement.
Sustainable ecological and economic development of mountainous areas through the prism of tariff regulation of nature management
Authors: Pityulych Mykhaylo , Popyk Mariana , Kish Galyna , Chakiy Olga , Bacho Robert
Published: May 2021

The article is focused on the formation of an effective tariff policy for the use of natural resources and environmental pollution. The article substantiates that such a policy should be aimed at minimizing the negative impact of economic and business activities on the environment, which will ultimately increase the efficiency and rational use of available natural resources of separate mountain areas based on their development priorities. The main factors are outlined that stipulate for the complexity and urgency of solving environmental problems in mountain areas, where special attention is focused on the impact of existing economic entities on the use of local natural resources and the impact of their activities on the environment is determined. The article defines the methodological tools for calculating the assessment of the impact of investment projects on the environmental situation of a particular area where the investment project will be implemented. The study reveals methods for calculating two indicators related to emissions of harmful substances into the environment, in particular the calculation of the coefficients of ecological purity of productions for atmosphere and water in some separate areas.
Digitalization of the financial subsystem of industrial enterprise: points of implementation
Authors: Bieliaieva Nataliia , Sova Olena , Ganushchak Tetiana , Zhuk Olena , Matusova Olena
Published: May 2021

The article deals with formulation the measures for digitalization of the financial system of industrial enterprises taking into account the management points of its implementation. The article provides an understanding of digitalization. It is analyzed current scientific researchers in this field. It is established that modernization of the financial sphere of an industrial enterprise in the aspect of adaptation to the information economy and digitalization process. It is proved that the executive’s digitalization project creation requires the definition and reevaluating of structures, patterns, techniques, benefits and computerized processes, development strategy and comparing corporate culture with correspondence of instruments between all administration units for speedy reaction on changes. It is analyzed the value creation stages based on core product. Identified elements indicate the directions that need to be implemented at the enterprise for its stable functioning.
Researching online communities of inquiry through digital ethnography
Authors: Johnson Neil
Published: May 2021

Research into providing effective online education has suggested an important goal for instructors is the creation of an online community of inquiry (CoI) where social, cognitive, and teacher presence are all important aspects of successful online learning. With reference to a recent reflective practice case study, this paper describes ways that the research on online communities of inquiry may be enriched through the use of digital ethnography. In the target reflective case study, data analysis tasks were designed and presented in an online VoiceThread site, promoting dialogic and multimodal engagement with data from actual research studies that are central to the module theme in teacher education. Interaction around these tasks is coded using the CoI framework. Ethnographic data from the participants was collected and coded using qualitative research protocols to contextualise the interaction data and provide a clearer understanding of how participants had come together throughout the module. The ethnographic data revealed some interesting concerns with online learning, including the use of technology as a barrier to participation.
Semantic Correlation Rules as a Logic Layer between Content Management and Content Delivery
Authors: Ziegler Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Semantic technologies have recently gained considerable influence and attention in the field of technical communication and information management. While metadata management is already a well-known field of content management technologies, its semantic extension addresses more recently, for example, problems of model-based product development and related content engineering processes. On the other hand, dynamic search technology and content delivery can benefit from semantic modelling by enhancing search functionalities or by integrating various data sources utilizing semantic mapping. In this evolving environment, we propose a logical layer of content correlations as so-called semantic correlation rules (SCR). This layer can be understood as an interface between content management systems, semantic modelling systems and content delivery portals. Semantic correlation rules serve as a light-weight ontology consisting primarily of untyped semantic relations between metadata classes. In doing so, class-to-class linking mechanisms can be implemented in content delivery and search environments while serving as a basis for the previously introduced microDoc concept
How using smart buildings technology can improve indoor environmental quality in educational buildings
Authors: Martinez Teresa , Duarte Miriam , Garcia-Luna Ana Cristina
Published: May 2021

An educational building must integrate smart building strategies to ensure indoor environmental quality. Thermal, acoustic, visual comfort and indoor air quality are to be considered, otherwise they can develop the sick building syndrome. Smart buildings solve this potential problem by providing a highly efficient living ambience that includes safety, comfort and a good quality of living/learning/working experience, that helps the users achieve their best possible performance. These buildings should integrate advanced technologies such as automated systems and the implementation of architectural skins, well and functional designed spaces and architectural features that act as active bioclimatic solutions. The following is a case study of an architectural project for an elementary and junior high school academic campus in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico that has to deal with the extreme climate conditions of the location, while applying the best alternative and bioclimatic strategies through the implementation of inmotics, a responsive architectural skin, sustainable construction systems and native vegetation. In doing so, a comprehensive environmentally friendly building is created, taking advantage of the surrounding natural conditions, using the latest environmentally oriented systems and technologies. The result is a healthy, safe, and productive space for its users that greatly benefits the teaching-learning process.
Montessori Project
Authors: Mendoza Lucy , Escamilla Andres , Romero Ana Cristina García-Luna
Published: May 2021

The architectural character of a building is based on different aspects. In order to understand the spirit of each building, we must study functional, associated and personal elements of it. Each architectural element differs in each aspect since each one is based on previous analysis and studies to be able to emerge and reach its purpose.

The Montessori architectural project is based on research on the method of this system that provides environments prepared for the proper development of children in education. The classrooms, materiality, socialization, environments and spaces are studied in order to be able to generate and gradually form design ideas to generate the project in a successful way.

It is decided based on the information obtained by previous studies, to use the neuroarchitecture design guideline to be able to meet the guidelines and objectives of this Montessori method, since this guiding concept goes beyond the study of space, but involves the emotions and feelings of the people who live the spaces. In this way, it is better understood that what guides us to the architectural design of the proposal based on the Montessori method are the studies of neuroarchitecture.
Augmented Reality for Wine Industry: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Vrigkas Michalis , Lappas Georgios , Kleftodimos Alexandros , Triantafillidou Amalia
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we study the concepts, materials, tools, and applications that constitute what we call augmented reality (AR) for the wine industry. A comprehensive review of what are the basic multimedia content for constructing successful AR applications for wine products is given. To this end, we provide a detailed analysis of how AR technology is used to create augmented “live” wine labels, and how digital storytelling has revolutionized wine products marketing. Also, we describe the use of AR technology to promote winemaking companies to influence consumer preferences. Finally, we report the characteristics of future research directions and some open issues and challenges on using AR for wine product promotion.
Hardware Acceleration of Convolution Neural Network for AI-Enabled Realtime Biomedical System
Authors: Yuuki Okada , Wang Jiangkun , Mark Ikechukwu Ogbodo , Ben Abdallah Abderazek
Published: May 2021

COVID-19 is currently on the rage all over the world and has become a pandemic. To efficiently handle it, accurate diagnosis and prompt reporting are essential. The AI-Enabled Real-time Biomedical System (AIRBiS) research project aims to develop a system that handles diagnosis using chest X-ray images. The project is divided into UI, network, software and hardware. This work focuses on the hardware, which uses CNN technology to create a model that determines the presence of pneumonia. This CNN model is designed on an FPGA to speed up diagnostic results. The FPGA increases the flexibility of circuit design, allowing us to optimize the computational processing during data transfer and CNN implementation, reducing the diagnostic measurement time for a single image.
Warten auf bundesweite Lösung – Schulgeldfreiheit
Authors: Wagner Pascal
Published: May 2021

Nach wie vor sind hohe Ausbildungskosten in der Ergotherapie ein Thema. Zwar sind viele Bundesländer inzwischen schulgeldfrei, einige warten allerdings immer noch auf eine deutschlandweite Lösung der Bundesregierung. Eine Übersicht über die aktuelle Situation.
Kurative Klauenpflege zur mechanischen Entlastung von Sohlengeschwüren – eine Ex-vivo-Studie
Authors: Fischer Daniela , Grund Sarah , Pesenhofer Robert , Friebel Luise , Mülling Christoph K.W.
Published: May 2021

Gegenstand und Ziel Hohe Druckbelastungen der Rinderklauen führen regelmäßig zu Schäden an den Klauengeweben und nachfolgend zu therapiebedürftigen Rusterholz’schen Sohlengeschwüren (RSG). Ein komplizierter Verlauf der RSG kann durch fachgerechte Klauenpflege verhindert werden. In dieser Studie wurde untersucht, wie sich ein an der Außenklaue der Hintergliedmaße vorgenommener stufenloser und keilförmiger Entlastungsschnitt vom Ballen bis zur Sohlenspitze auf die Druckverteilung unter den Klauen der Beckengliedmaße auswirkt und ob eine Veränderung der Druckverteilung zur Lederhautentlastung im Bereich des Defekts führt.

Material und Methode Neunzehn isolierte distale Rindergliedmaßen vom Schlachthof (A: unbearbeiteter Zustand) wurden schrittweise bearbeitet (B: funktionelle Klauenpflege, Schritt 1–3; C: Erweiterung der Hohlkehlung und kreisrunde Bohrung zur Simulation eines RSG an der Außenklaue; D: keilförmiger Entlastungsschnitt vom Ballen bis zur Hälfte der Sohlenfläche in Richtung Sohlenspitze; E: keilförmige Erweiterung des Entlastungsschnittes über die gesamte Sohlenfläche bis kurz vor die Sohlenspitze). Zwischen den einzelnen Bearbeitungsschritten wurden die Gliedmaßen mit 200 kg belastet. Die Druckverteilung unter den Klauen wurde mit Drucksensoren gemessen. Außerdem wurden die Klauen auf einer Glasplatte positioniert, was die Beurteilung der Vorwölbung der Lederhaut bzw. des Fettpolsters anhand des Bohrlochs ermöglichte.

Ergebnisse In Zustand A lasteten durchschnittlich 63 %, bei Zustand E 30 % der gesamten Kraft auf der Außenklaue. Mit zunehmender Bearbeitung der Klauen verlagerten sich die Druckmaxima vom Ballen- in den Sohlenspitzenbereich. Die relative Belastungsfläche der Innenklaue nahm mit fortschreitender Bearbeitung um bis zu 18,4 % zu. In Zustand E ergab sich im Vergleich zu C eine signifikante Reduzierung der Lederhautvorwölbung im Bereich des künstlichen Sohlendefekts.

Schlussfolgerung Der keilförmige Entlastungsschnitt (E) führte an den isolierten Rindergliedmaßen zu einer Außenklauen- und Ballenentlastung und stellt eine Methode zur Defekt- und Lederhautentlastung dar.

Klinische Relevanz Der Entlastungsschnitt könnte auch am lebenden Tier eine Druckentlastung der Außenklaue bewirken und so den Krankheitsverlauf von RSG positiv beeinflussen.
Ältere, einsame Männer mit Alkoholabhängigkeit: Systematische Literaturrecherche zum aktuellen Stand der alters- und geschlechtsspezifischen Interventionen
Authors: Klein Michael , Kemper Nicole , Lich Katharina , Winter-Wilms Felix
Published: May 2021

Der Kenntnisstand zu Prävalenzen und Krankheitsverläufen älterer, einsamer Männer, die an Alkoholstörungen leiden, ist immer noch sehr gering und damit auch das Hilfeangebot. Die vorliegende systematische Literaturrecherche identifiziert die Risikofaktoren dieser Zielgruppe, den aktuellen Wissensstand über Alkoholkonsum bei älteren, einsamen Männern sowie den aktuellen Interventionsstand. Hierfür wurden nach einem umfangreichen Suchlauf 43 einschlägige Literaturquellen zum Thema Alkohol im Alter, Einsamkeit und Interventionen einbezogen. Eindeutiges Ergebnis ist, dass es wenige alters- oder geschlechtsspezifische Suchthilfeprogramme für Männer insgesamt gibt und keines, welches sich spezifisch auf ältere und einsame Männer ausrichtet. Einsamkeit wird in den Studien zwar hin und wieder als Problem bei Suchtkranken beschrieben, aber nicht explizit untersucht. Es wurde daher ein innovatives Interventionskonzept, das auf diese Gruppe zugeschnitten ist, entwickelt. Das Programm „Viktor“ bezieht sich auf diese Problematik und bietet ein spezifisches Angebot für Männer ab 55 Jahren mit einer Alkohol- und Einsamkeitsproblematik an.
Monitored needle acceleration in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of solid pancreatic masses improves sample quality and diagnostic accuracy: a randomized trial
Authors: Ciocîrlan Mihai , Gheorghiu Anca , Bilous Dana , Cruceru Miruna , Mănăilă Georgiana , Tianu Elena , Vlăduţ Cătălina
Published: May 2021

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is recommended for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses. We aimed to evaluate whether a high needle movement acceleration value during puncture increases diagnostic accuracy.

Methods EUS-FNA needle acceleration was measured using a PocketLab accelerometer connected by Bluetooth to a smartphone. Two passes (fast and slow, with higher and lower than 1g [9.8 m/s2] needle acceleration values, respectively) were performed in a random order. The sample cellularity and quality were measured using semiquantitative scales.

Results 51 patients were included (32 women; mean age 63). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) acceleration values were 1.59g (0.66g) for the fast pass and 0.32g (0.19g) for the slow pass (P < 0.001). The fast pass yielded significantly higher levels of EUS-FNA accuracy (84.3 % vs. 68.6 %; P = 0.02) and adequate quality scores (94.1 % vs. 76.5 %; P = 0.007). High cellularity scores were seen with similar frequencies (15.7 % vs. 11.8 %; P = 0.32).

Conclusions A higher than 1g EUS-FNA needle acceleration may increase the diagnostic accuracy and specimen quality from solid pancreatic lesions.
A Posterior Communicating Segment Aneurysm of the Supraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Treated with an Extracranial to Intracranial Bypass and Trapping
Authors: Ozaydin Burak , Baykal Duygu , Ezgu Mehmet C. , Baskaya Mustafa K.
Published: May 2021

Surgical treatment of giant aneurysms often poses significant challenges. Endovascular techniques have evolved exponentially over the last decades, and most of these complex aneurysms can be treated with flow-diverting techniques; however, successful obliteration of all giant aneurysms is not always possible with endovascular flow-diverting techniques. Although the need for microsurgical intervention has undoubtedly diminished, a versatile-thinking surgeon should keep in mind that obliteration of these aneurysms combined with revascularizing the distal circulation via extracranial–intracranial bypass techniques can provide a potentially life-long durable solution. The key to curing these pathologies is to utilize interdisciplinary decision making with a robust knowledge of the pros and cons of different treatment approaches. Herein, we present a case of a giant posterior communicating segment aneurysm of the left supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA), which was treated by obliteration (Fig. 1). Extradural anterior clinoidectomy was used to provide exposure of the supraclinoidal ICA proximal to the aneurysm, and revascularization of the distal circulation was achieved with a common carotid artery to M2-superior trunk bypass using a radial artery interposition graft (Fig. 2). The patient was a 62-year-old female who presented with vision loss in her left eye but was otherwise neurologically intact. She had a history of two unsuccessful flow-diverting stent placement attempts 2 months prior to this surgery. Postoperatively, the patient woke up without any deficits, with her left eye vision partially recovered and ultimately returning to normal at 1-year follow-up. Computed tomography (CT) angiography at a 1-year follow-up showed complete obliteration of the aneurysm and successful revascularization of the distal circulation.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/DsIuIJJj1l4.
Emerging Diabetic Novel Biomarkers of the 21st Century
Authors: Suneja Shilpa , Gangopadhyay Sukanya , Saini Vandana , Dawar Rajni , Kaur Charanjeet
Published: May 2021

Diabetes is a growing epidemic with estimated prevalence of infected to reach ~592 million by the year 2035. An effective way to approach is to detect the disease at a very early stage to reduce the complications and improve lifestyle management. Although several traditional biomarkers including glucated hemoglobin, glucated albumin, fructosamine, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol have helped in ease of diagnosis, there is lack of sensitivity and specificity and are inaccurate in certain clinical settings. Thus, search for new and effective biomarkers is a continuous process with an aim of accurate and timely diagnosis. Several novel biomarkers have surged in the present century that are helpful in timely detection of the disease condition. Although it is accepted that a single biomarker will have its inherent limitations, combining several markers will help to identify individuals at high risk of developing prediabetes and eventually its progression to frank diabetes. This review describes the novel biomarkers of the 21st century, both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their present potential for assessing risk stratification due to insulin resistance that will pave the way for improved clinical outcome.
Anatomical Basis of the Zygomatic-Transmandibular Approach: Operative Video
Authors: Guinto Gerardo , Hernandez Eli , Gallardo-Ceja David , Gallegos-Hernandez Francisco , Arechiga Norma , Guinto-Nishimura Gerardo
Published: May 2021

Tumor growth in infratemporal fossa (ITF) and parapharyngeal space (PPS) is generally slow and generates very few clinical manifestations, so it is not uncommon for tumors to reach large dimensions at the time of diagnosis, making necessary to perform ample approaches. In zygomatic-transmandibular approach (ZTMA), the access of the ITF and PPS is obtained by a combination of a pterional craniotomy plus a zygomatic-mandibular osteotomy. Tumor excision is achieved by its initial dissection from all of the neurovascular structures of the middle fossa by the neurosurgical team and the final resection by the head and neck team from below. In the first part of this video, we present a brief anatomical–surgical description of the ITF and PPS and in the second part, we show case of a trigeminal schwannoma that could be successfully removed through a ZTMA. Using this approach, an ample and safe exposure of the ITF and PPS is achieved, without affecting the chewing or facial nerve function and with excellent cosmetic results, so it can be considered as a reliable surgical option, particularly in cases of giant tumors that affect these regions (Figs. 1 and 2).

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/oxVFhzT8HsQ.
Incidence of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Women with COVID-19
Authors: Chornock Rebecca , Iqbal Sara N. , Wang Tiffany , Kodama Samantha , Kawakita Tetsuya , Fries Melissa
Published: May 2021

Objective The study aimed to examine the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, also known as COVID-19).

Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of all women who delivered at MedStar Washington Hospital Center in Washington, DC from April 8, 2020 to July 31, 2020. Starting April 8, 2020, universal testing for COVID-19 infection was initiated for all women admitted to labor and delivery. Women who declined universal testing were excluded. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were diagnosed based on American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Task Force definitions.1 Maternal demographics, clinical characteristics, and labor and delivery outcomes were examined. Neonatal outcomes were also collected. Laboratory values from admission were evaluated. Our primary outcome was the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among women who tested positive for COVID-19. The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was compared between women who tested positive for COVID-19 and women who tested negative.

Results Of the 1,008 women included in the analysis, 73 (7.2%) women tested positive for COVID-19, of which 12 (16.4%) were symptomatic at the time of admission. The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 34.2% among women who tested positive for COVID-19 and 22.9% women who tested negative for COVID-19 (p = 0.03). After adjusting for race, antenatal aspirin use, chronic hypertension, and body mass index >30, the risk of developing any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was not statistically significant (odds ratio: 1.58 [0.91–2.76]).

Conclusion After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of developing a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in women who tested positive for COVID-19 compared with women who tested negative for COVID-19 was not significantly different.

Key Points
Caring for Overweight Children and Adolescents at a Reference Clinic in Nutrology: Habits and Attendance
Authors: Moro Valeria , Del Ciampo Luiz Antonio
Published: May 2021

Introduction The global obesity epidemic has mobilized health services to offer care at all levels, with reference outpatient clinics playing a prominent role in cases of greater complexity.

Objectives The present study aimed to identify soft drinks consumption and physical activity habits among children and adolescents diagnosed with overweight and obesity during the first visit at a secondary level nutrology outpatient clinic, and to verify attendance at follow-up visits in a 2-year period from the first visit.

Materials and Methods This is a retrospective, descriptive study based on data collection from medical records of overweighted or obese patients receiving first care at the Nutrology Clinic of the Municipal Health Secretariat from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. The study population included children and adolescents aged between 2 and 18 years old cared for from January 2, 2013 to December 30, 2017. Age, weight, height, soft drinks consumption, physical activity, and attendance in scheduled follow-up visits during a 2-year period were analyzed.

Results During the study period, 316 patients were registered, including 302 (95.5%) diagnosed with obesity. Of these, 112 (35.4%) were children and 204 (64.6%) were adolescents. Only 2.0% of the children and adolescents did not consume soft drinks, while 23.5 and 26.2% of the children and adolescents, respectively, consumed them daily. Physical inactivity was reported by 31.8% of the children and by 35.8% of the adolescents. Among those who practiced some type of physical activity, 81.3% of the children and 78.2% of the adolescents did not meet the recommendation of moderate to vigorous activity for 60 minutes per day. Dropout rates within the 1st year were of 41.9% for children and of 34.3% for adolescents, increasing to 76.9% and 73.8%, respectively, within the 2nd year.

Conclusion There was a high consumption of soft drinks and low adherence to physical activity among patients who started outpatient follow-up. A small adherence to the follow-up program was also identified, with high dropout rates within the 2-year period following the first visit.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Brazil: Questions about Potential Causes and Clinical Characteristics*
Authors: Vieira Fabrícia Belloni dos Santos , Ferreira Ana Paula Morguete , Giacomelli Felipe Rezende , Lima Lívia Gonçalves de , Hirose Thiago Santos , Zorzo Renato Augusto
Published: May 2021

Vitamin D is a micronutrient essential to various systems from the human body, and it is not restricted to the classical function of bone mineralization. Its synthesis is mainly related to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure. Although Brazil is a tropical country with high levels of UVB radiation, counter-intuitively, a large number of Brazilians present vitamin D deficiency, which is also a worldwide issue. This review aims to approach clinical features and explore potential causes for this apparent contradiction through questions that could explain vitamin D deficiency in the Brazilian population.
Metformin Exposure and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Racine Jenna L. , Adams Jacquelyn H. , Antony Kathleen M. , Hoppe Kara K. , Iruretagoyena Jesus I. , Stewart Katharina S. , Eddy April , Rhoades Janine S.
Published: May 2021

Objective Metformin has been found to have a role in promoting vascular remodeling and angiogenesis which may reduce the risk of developing preeclampsia. Prior studies have shown a decrease in the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in patients with type 2 and gestational diabetes taking metformin. We hypothesize metformin exposure decreases the risk of developing hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2019 of singleton pregnancies was complicated by type 2 diabetes. We compared patients who received metformin throughout pregnancy to those with no metformin exposure. The primary outcome was a hypertension composite defined as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia with or without severe features, HELLP syndrome, or eclampsia. Individual hypertensive outcomes and neonatal outcomes were secondarily evaluated. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables.

Results A total of 254 pregnancies were included. Women exposed to metformin were significantly less likely to develop hypertension composite compared with nonexposed women (22.7 vs. 33.1%, aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.96). The incidence of preeclampsia with severe features was also significantly lower in those who received metformin compared with those who did not (12.1 vs. 20.7%, aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.81). There were no differences in preterm birth prior to 34 or 37 weeks, fetal growth restriction, or birth weight between the study groups. A subgroup analysis of women without chronic hypertension also had a significantly lower risk of developing preeclampsia with severe features (7.6 vs. 17.8%, aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.13–0.94).

Conclusion Metformin exposure was associated with a decreased risk of composite hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in patients with pregestational type 2 diabetes. These data suggest that there may be benefit to metformin administration beyond glycemic control in this patient population.

Key Points
The Impact of Maternal Preeclampsia and Hyperglycemia on the Cardiovascular Health of the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hoodbhoy Zahra , Mohammed Nuruddin , Nathani Karim Rizwan , Sattar Saima , Chowdhury Devyani , Maskatia Shiraz , Tierney Seda , Hasan Babar , Das Jai K.
Published: May 2021

Objectives The objective of this review was to assess the impact of maternal preeclampsia or hyperglycemia on the body composition and cardiovascular health in the offspring.

Study Design We conducted a systematic review utilizing PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHLPlus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to include all studies assessing the impact of preeclampsia/eclampsia and/or gestational/pregestational diabetes mellitus on the health of the offspring (children <10 years of age). The health measures included anthropometry, cardiac dimensions and function, and vascular function. We performed a meta-analysis using Review Manager software and computed net risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous data and mean difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous data.

Results There were 6,376 studies in total, of which 45 were included in the review and 40 in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated higher birth weight (MD: 0.12 kg; 95% CI: 0.06–0.18) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP; MD: 5.98 mm Hg; 95% CI: 5.64–6.32 and MD: 3.27 mm Hg; 95% CI: 0.65–5.89, respectively) in the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes compared to controls. In contrast, the offspring of mothers with preeclampsia had lower birth weight (MD: −0.41 kg; 95% CI: −0.7 to −0.11); however, they had increased systolic (MD: 2.2 mm Hg; 95% CI: 1.28–3.12) and diastolic BP (MD: 1.41 mm Hg; 95% CI: 0.3–2.52) compared to controls. There is lack of data to conduct a meta-analysis of cardiac morphology, functional, and vascular imaging parameters.

Conclusion These findings suggest that the in-utero milieu can have a permanent impact on the body composition and vascular health of the offspring. Future work warrants multicenter prospective studies to understand the mechanism and the actual effect of exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and high BP on the cardiovascular health of the offspring and long-term outcomes.

Key Points
Combination of Fundal Height and Ultrasound to Predict Small for Gestational Age at Birth
Authors: Grantz Katherine L. , Ortega-Villa Ana M. , Pugh Sarah J. , Bever Alaina , Grobman William , Newman Roger B. , Owen John , Wing Deborah A. , Albert Paul S.
Published: May 2021

Objective The objective of the study was to determine whether adding longitudinal measures of fundal height (FH) to the standard cross-sectional FH to trigger third trimester ultrasound estimated fetal weight (EFW) would improve small for gestational age (SGA) prediction.

Study Design We developed a longitudinal FH calculator in a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of 1,939 nonobese pregnant women who underwent serial FH evaluations at 12 U.S. clinical sites. We evaluated cross-sectional FH measurement ≤ –3 cm at visit 3 (mean: 32.0 ± 1.6 weeks) versus the addition of longitudinal FH up to and including visit 3 to trigger an ultrasound to diagnose SGA defined as birth weight <10th percentile. If the FH cut points were not met, the SGA screen was classified as negative. If FH cut points were met and EFW was <10th percentile, the SGA screen was considered positive. If EFW was ≥10th percentile, the SGA screen was also considered negative. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were computed.

Results In a comparison of methods, 5.8% of women were classified as at risk of SGA by both cross-sectional and longitudinal classification methods; cross-sectional FH identified an additional 4.0%, and longitudinal fundal height identified a separate, additional 4.5%.

Using cross-sectional FH as an ultrasound trigger, EFW had a PPV and NPV for SGA of 69 and 92%, respectively. After adding longitudinal FH, PPV increased to 74%, whereas NPV of 92% remained unchanged; however, the number of women who underwent triggered EFW decreased from 9.7 to 5.7%.

Conclusion An innovative approach for calculating longitudinal FH to the standard cross-sectional FH improved identification of SGA birth weight, while simultaneously reducing the number of triggered ultrasounds. As an essentially free-of-charge screening test, our novel method has potential to decrease costs as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality (through better prediction of SGA).

Key Points
Rufbereitschaftszeit ist nur im Ausnahmefall Arbeitszeit
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: May 2021

Der Europäische Gerichtshof (EuGH) urteilte am 9. März 2021 (C-580/19), dass Rufbereitschaftsdienst eines Arbeitnehmers nur im Ausnahmefall als „Arbeitszeit“ im Sinne der Richtlinie 2003/88 zu qualifizieren sei. Es komme auf eine Gesamtwürdigung des Einzelfalls an.
Analysis of the Motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostic to measure the rotational transform and current profile in the Large Helical Device
Authors: Sanders M. , Ida K. , Yoshinuma M. , Suzuki C. , Yoshimura Y. , Seki R. , Emoto M. , Yoshida M. , Kobayashi T.
Published: May 2021

The analysis method of the Motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostic to measure the rotational transform and current profiles in the Large Helical Device has been improved. This was done by using the Variational Moments Equilibrium Code to calculate an equilibrium database for various pressure profiles and current profiles. This method looks for the radial profile of the rotational transform in the equilibrium database that gives the best fit to the polarization angle profiles measured with the MSE diagnostic. This analysis improves the measurements of rotational transform, especially near the magnetic axis, where the sensitivity of the polarization angle measurements becomes low and the uncertainty due to error in the estimation of the Pfirsch–Schlüter current becomes large. The radial profiles of the rotational transform and current profiles for Electron Cyclotron Current Drive and Neutral Beam Current Drive are obtained in the new analysis method with a sufficiently high accuracy to discuss the discrepancy of the current density profiles between the measurements and the calculations.
Electron mobility anisotropy in InAs/GaAs(001) heterostructures
Authors: Le Son Phuong , Suzuki Toshi-kazu
Published: May 2021

Electron transport properties in InAs films epitaxially grown on GaAs(001), InAs/GaAs(001) heterostructures, were systematically investigated through the dependence on crystal direction, thickness, and temperature. As a result, we found a pronounced electron mobility anisotropy, in which the mobility is highest and lowest along [11¯0] and [110] crystal directions, respectively. The mobility anisotropy intensifies as the InAs thickness decreases, while it diminishes in thick regimes, where the InAs films are relatively immune to effects from the epitaxial heterointerface. We observed the anisotropy in a wide temperature range, 5–395 K, with an enhancement at high temperatures. Our analysis indicates that the electron mobility anisotropy can be attributed to anisotropic electron scatterings by both interface roughness and random piezoelectric polarization near the interface.