bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural consequence of the most frequently recurring cancer-associated substitution in DNA polymerase ε
Authors: Parkash Vimal , Kulkarni Yashraj , ter Beek Josy , Shcherbakova Polina V. , Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn , Johansson Erik
Published: January 2019

The most frequently recurring cancer-associated DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) mutation is a P286R substitution in the exonuclease domain. While originally proposed to increase genome instability by disrupting exonucleolytic proofreading, the P286R variant was later found to be significantly more pathogenic than Pol ε proofreading deficiency per se. The mechanisms underlying its stronger impact remained unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of the yeast orthologue, Pol ε−P301R, complexed with DNA and an incoming dNTP. Structural changes in the protein are confined to the exonuclease domain, with R301 pointing towards the exonuclease site. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that R301 interferes with DNA binding to the exonuclease site, an outcome not observed with the exonuclease-inactive Pol ε−D290A,E292A variant lacking the catalytic residues. These results reveal a distinct mechanism of exonuclease inactivation by the P301R substitution and a likely basis for its dramatically higher mutagenic and tumorigenic effects.
Early-onset autoimmune vitiligo associated with an enhancer variant haplotype that upregulates class II HLA expression
Authors: Jin Ying , Roberts Genevieve H. L. , Ferrara Tracey M. , Ben Songtao , van Geel Nanja , Wolkerstorfer Albert , Ezzedine Khaled , Siebert Janet , Neff Charles P. , Palmer Brent E. , Santorico Stephanie A. , Spritz Richard A.
Published: January 2019

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease in which melanocyte destruction causes skin depigmentation, with 49 loci known from previous GWAS. Aiming to define vitiligo subtypes, we discovered that age-of-onset is bimodal; one-third of cases have early onset (mean 10.3 years) and two-thirds later onset (mean 34.0 years). In the early-onset subgroup we found novel association with MHC class II region indel rs145954018, and independent association with the principal MHC class II locus from previous GWAS, represented by rs9271597; greatest association was with rs145954018del-rs9271597A haplotype (P = 2.40 × 10−86, OR = 8.10). Both rs145954018 and rs9271597 are located within lymphoid-specific enhancers, and the rs145954018del-rs9271597A haplotype is specifically associated with increased expression of HLA-DQB1 mRNA and HLA-DQ protein by monocytes and dendritic cells. Thus, for vitiligo, MHC regulatory variation confers extreme risk, more important than HLA coding variation. MHC regulatory variation may represent a significant component of genetic risk for other autoimmune diseases.
Working memory load improves diagnostic performance of smooth pursuit eye movement in mild traumatic brain injury patients with protracted recovery
Authors: Stubbs Jacob L. , Corrow Sherryse L. , Kiang Benjamin R. , Corrow Jeffrey C. , Pearce Hadley L. , Cheng Alex Y. , Barton Jason J. S. , Panenka William J.
Published: January 2019

Smooth pursuit eye movements have been investigated as a diagnostic tool for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, the degree to which smooth pursuit differentiates mTBI patients from healthy controls (i.e. its diagnostic performance) is only moderate. Our goal was to establish if simultaneous performance of smooth pursuit and a working memory task increased the diagnostic performance of pursuit metrics following mTBI. We integrated an n-back task with two levels of working memory load into a pursuit target, and tested single- and dual-task pursuit in mTBI patients and healthy controls. We assessed pursuit using measures of velocity accuracy, positional accuracy and positional variability. The mTBI group had higher pursuit variability than the control group in all conditions. Performing a concurrent 1-back task decreased pursuit variability for both the mTBI and control groups. Performing a concurrent 2-back task produced differential effects between the groups: Pursuit variability was significantly decreased in the control group, but not in the mTBI group. Diagnostic indices were improved when pursuit was combined with the 2-back task, and increased by 20% for the most sensitive variable. Smooth pursuit with simultaneous working memory load may be a superior diagnostic tool for mTBI than measuring smooth pursuit alone.
Metabolic phenotype of breast-fed infants, and infants fed standard formula or bovine MFGM supplemented formula: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: He Xuan , Parenti Mariana , Grip Tove , Domellöf Magnus , Lönnerdal Bo , Hernell Olle , Timby Niklas , Slupsky Carolyn M.
Published: January 2019

Formula-fed (FF) infants exhibit a different metabolic profile than breast-fed (BF) infants. Two potential mechanisms are the higher protein level in formula compared with breast milk and the removal of the milk fat and associated milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) during production of infant formula. To determine whether MFGM may impact metabolism, formula-fed infants were randomly assigned to receive either an MFGM isolate-supplemented experimental formula (EF) or a standard formula (SF) from 2 until 6 months and compared with a BF reference group. Infants consuming EF had higher levels of fatty acid oxidation products compared to infants consuming SF. Although the protein level in the study formula was approximately 12 g/L (lower than most commercial formulas), a metabolic difference between FF and BF remained such that FF infants had higher levels of amino acid catabolism by-products and a low efficiency of amino acid clearance (preference for protein metabolism). BF infants had higher levels of fatty acid oxidation products (preference for fat metabolism). These unique, energy substrate-driven metabolic outcomes did not persist after diet was shifted to weaning foods and appeared to be disrupted by complementary feeding. Our results suggest that MFGM may have a role in directing infant metabolism.
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast had no difference in prognosis compared with invasive ductal carcinoma: a propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Hao Shuang , Zhao Yuan-Yuan , Peng Jin-Juan , Ren Fei , Yang Wen-Tao , Yu Ke-Da , Shao Zhi-Ming
Published: January 2019

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare histopathological variant of breast carcinoma that is usually associated with poor clinical characteristics. Whether IMPC has worse prognosis than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is controversial. This retrospective study examined the prognostic difference between IMPC and IDC. We analysed 327 cases of IMPC patients and 4979 IDC cases who underwent primary resection in our institution between 2008 and 2012. Using propensity score matching, the two groups were matched at 1:1 by age, tumour size, nodal status, hormone status, and HER2 status. Differences in prognosis were assessed by Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analysis. We established the IMPC group and identified 324 IDC patients by propensity score matching. The survival analysis indicated that IMPC patients had no significant reduced overall survival (p = 0.752) or disease-free survival (p = 0.578) compared with IDC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that IMPC was not an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.944; 95% confidential interval [CI], 0.601–1.481) or overall survival (HR = 0.727; 95% CI, 0.358–1.478). Survival analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference between IMPC and IDC, indicating that proactive or radical clinical therapy is unnecessary.
Polyaspartic acid (PASP)-urea and optimised nitrogen management increase the grain nitrogen concentration of rice
Authors: Deng Fei , Wang Li , Mei Xiu-Feng , Li Shu-Xian , Pu Shi-Lin , Li Qiu-Ping , Ren Wan-Jun
Published: January 2019

Increase in grain nitrogen concentration (GNC), which is directly affected by nitrogen (N) application, can help overcome the issues of malnutrition. Here, the effects of urea type (polyaspartic acid (PASP) urea and conventional urea) and N management method (two splits and four splits) on GNC and N concentration of head rice were investigated in field experiments conducted in Sichuan, China, in 2014 and 2015. N concentration of grain and head rice were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by N redistribution from the leaf lamina, activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) at the heading stage, and N concentration and GOGAT activity in the leaf lamina at the maturity stage. Compared to conventional urea, PASP-urea significantly improved N concentration of grain and head rice by improving the activities of GS and GOGAT, thereby increasing N distribution in the leaf lamina. The four splits method, unlike the two splits method, enhanced N concentration and activities of key N metabolism enzymes of leaf lamina, leading to increased GNC and N concentration in head rice too. Overall, four splits is a feasible method for using PASP-urea and improving GNC.
Metabolomic fingerprint of coronary blood in STEMI patients depends on the ischemic time and inflammatory state
Authors: Deidda Martino , Piras Cristina , Binaghi Giulio , Congia Damiana , Pani Alessandro , Boi Alberto , Sanna Francesco , Rossi Angelica , Loi Bruno , Cadeddu Dessalvi Christian , Atzori Luigi , Porcu Maurizio , Mercuro Giuseppe
Published: January 2019

In this study we investigated whether the metabolomic analysis could identify a specific fingerprint of coronary blood collected during primary PCI in STEMI patients. Fifteen samples was subjected to metabolomic analysis. Subsequently, the study population was divided into two groups according to the peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of the systemic inflammatory response. Regression analysis was then applied separately to the two NLR groups. A partial least square (PLS) regression identified the most significant involved metabolites and the PLS-class analysis revealed a significant correlation between the metabolic profile and the total ischemic time only in patients with an NLR > 5.77.
Coupling between Grand cycles and Events in Earth’s climate during the past 115 million years
Authors: Boulila Slah
Published: January 2019

Geological sediment archives document a rich periodic series of astronomically driven climate, but record also abrupt, severe climatic changes called events, the multi-Myr boundary conditions of which have generally been ascribed to acyclic processes from Earth’s interior dynamics. These events have rarely been considered together within extended time series for potential correlation with long-term (multi-million year, Myr) cycling. Here I show a coupling between events and multi-Myr cycles in a temperature and ice-volume climatic proxy of the geological past 115 Myr. I use Cenozoic through middle Cretaceous climatic variations, as recorded in benthic foraminifera δ18O, to highlight prominent ~9 and ~36 Myr cyclicities. These cyclicities were previously attributed either to astronomical or tectonic variations. In particular, I point out that most of the well-known events during the past 115 Myr geological interval occur during extremes in the ~9 and ~36 Myr cycling. One exception is the early Cenozoic hyperthermal events including the salient Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (~56 Ma), which do not match extremes in long-period cyclicities, but to inflection point of these cycles. Specific focus on climatic events, as inferred from δ18O proxy, suggest that some “events”, marked by gradual trends within the ~9 and ~36 Myr cycle extremes, would principally be paced by long-term cycling, while “events”, recorded as abrupt δ18O changes nearby cycle extremes, would be rather induced by acyclic processes. The connection between cyclic and acyclic processes, as triggers or feedbacks, is very likely. Such link between cycling and events in Earth’s past climate provides insight into celestial dynamics governing perturbations in Earth’s surface systems, but also the potential connection between external and Earth’s interior processes.
Gut microbiota profiling with differential tolerance against the reduced dietary fibre level in rabbit
Authors: Chen Shi-Yi , Deng Feilong , Jia Xianbo , Liu Hanzhong , Zhang Gong-Wei , Lai Song-Jia
Published: January 2019

Dietary fibre is well acknowledged to be critical in maintaining the gut homeostasis in human and other monogastric animals. As a small monogastric herbivorous animal, rabbit is much sensitive to the reduced intake of dietary fibre and more interestingly shows individual difference in clinical tolerance. In the present study, we fed rabbits with fibre-deficiency diet for two weeks and successfully distinguished the individual tolerances according to clinical signs and gastrointestinal gross lesions. A total of 40 treatments were classified into three groups of the full health (N = 10), moderate intestinal disorder (N = 11) and severe intestinal disorder (N = 19). Together with three controls, 43 individuals were subjected to gut microbiota profiling by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It was revealed that the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio steadily decreased from 1.74 in healthy group to 1.03 in severe group. However, the healthy individuals that showed complete tolerance still remained a comparable Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio with controls. Notably, the class Alphaproteobacteria was found to be higher abundance in healthy group than controls and other treatment groups. The results would improve our understanding of the relationship among dietary fibre, gut microbiota and host health.
Chromophore pre-maturation for improved speed and sensitivity of split-GFP monitoring of protein secretion
Authors: Lundqvist Magnus , Thalén Niklas , Volk Anna-Luisa , Hansen Henning Gram , von Otter Eric , Nygren Per-Åke , Uhlen Mathias , Rockberg Johan
Published: January 2019

Complementation-dependent fluorescence is a powerful way to study co-localization or interactions between biomolecules. A split-GFP variant, involving the self-associating GFP 1–10 and GFP 11, has previously provided a convenient approach to measure recombinant protein titers in cell supernatants. A limitation of this approach is the slow chromophore formation after complementation. Here, we alleviate this lag in signal generation by allowing the GFP 1–10 chromophore to mature on a solid support containing GFP 11 before applying GFP 1–10 in analyses. The pre-maturated GFP 1–10 provided up to 150-fold faster signal generation compared to the non-maturated version. Moreover, pre-maturated GFP 1–10 significantly improved the ability of discriminating between Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines secreting GFP 11-tagged erythropoietin protein at varying rates. Its improved kinetics make the pre-maturated GFP 1–10 a suitable reporter molecule for cell biology research in general, especially for ranking individual cell lines based on secretion rates of recombinant proteins.
Insufficient glutamine synthetase activity during synaptogenesis causes spatial memory impairment in adult mice
Authors: Son Hyeonwi , Kim Sujeong , Jung Doo-hyuk , Baek Ji Hyeong , Lee Dong Hoon , Roh Gu Seob , Kang Sang Soo , Cho Gyeong Jae , Choi Wan Sung , Lee Dong Kun , Kim Hyun Joon
Published: January 2019

Glutamatergic synapses constitute a major excitatory neurotransmission system and are regulated by glutamate/glutamine (Gln) cycling between neurons and astrocytes. Gln synthetase (GS) produced by astrocytes plays an important role in maintaining the cycle. However, the significance of GS during synaptogenesis has not been clarified. GS activity and expression significantly increase from postnatal day (PD) 7 to 21, and GS is expressed prior to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and is more abundant than GFAP throughout synaptogenesis. These observations suggest that GS plays an important role in synaptogenesis. We investigated this by inhibiting GS activity in neonatal mice and assessed the consequences in adult animals. Lower expression levels of GS and GFAP were found in the CA3 region of the hippocampus but not in the CA1 region. Moreover, synaptic puncta and glutamatergic neurotransmission were also decreased in CA3. Behaviorally, mice with inhibited GS during synaptogenesis showed spatial memory-related impairment as adults. These results suggest that postnatal GS activity is important for glutamatergic synapse development in CA3.
Understanding of risk factors for the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection based on gender and race
Authors: Osazuwa-Peters Nosayaba , Adjei Boakye Eric , Rohde Rebecca L. , Ganesh Rajan N. , Moiyadi Ammar S. , Hussaini Adnan S. , Varvares Mark A.
Published: January 2019

This study assessed if race and gender predict known sexual risk factors associated with HPV. Data (n = 301) were from a cross-sectional study conducted at a drag racing event on September 12–13, 2015 in Madison, Illinois. Both multivariable logistic and linear regression models estimated the association between race, gender, and sexual risk factors. About 63% of participants were males, and 65% identified as Blacks. Compared to females, males were more likely to have a higher number of oral sexual partners (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.23, 3.57). Males were also more likely to have earlier oral sexual (b = −2.10; 95% CI: −3.60, −0.60) and vaginal sexual (b = −1.10; 95% CI: −1.69, −0.31) debuts compared to females. Blacks were more likely to have higher number of vaginal sexual partners (OR = 3.38; 95% CI: 1.81, 6.31) and earlier vaginal sex (b = −1.09; 95% CI: −1.78, −0.41) but less likely to have earlier oral sexual debuts compared with Whites (b = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.21, −4.13). Because HPV is associated with several cancers, our findings provide impetus for the development of targeted educational interventions aimed at improving the knowledge of these sexual risk factors, especially among men and across race groups.
Norepinephrine-functionalised nanoflower-like organic silica as a new adsorbent for effective Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Gao Junkai , Guo Xiuwang , Tao Wenwen , Chen Dian , Lu Jinshu , Chen Yan
Published: January 2019

In order to remove Pb(II) ions efficiently from aqueous solutions, a new effective adsorbent of norepinephrine-functionalised nanoflower-like organic silica (NE-NFOS) was synthesised by a biomimetic method. Biomimetic functionalization with norepinephrine has the advantages of environment-friendly and easy operation. Characterization of the NE-NFOS using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the NFOS was modified successfully by norepinephrine. Furthermore, the influences of different parameters including adsorption kinetics, solution pH, adsorption isotherms, concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, desorption and reusability were studied. The adsorption experiments showed that the capacity of NE-NFOS to adsorb Pb(II) ions improved greatly after functionalisation and adsorption equilibrium was attained within 90 min at a pH of 6.0. The Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations had little influence on the adsorption, and after recycling for five times, the Pb(II) ion removal efficiency of the adsorbent was more than 79% of its initial value. Thus, it was demonstrated that the NE-NFOS with excellent adsorption performance could be a suitable adsorbent for Pb(II) ions removal in practical applications.
Maintenance of the bladder cancer precursor urothelial hyperplasia requires FOXA1 and persistent expression of oncogenic HRAS
Authors: Yee Christopher H. , Zheng Zongyu , Shuman Lauren , Yamashita Hironobu , Warrick Joshua I. , Wu Xue-Ru , Raman Jay D. , DeGraff David J.
Published: January 2019

Tumorigenesis requires accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, some of which drive tumor initiation. “Oncogene addiction” describes the phenomenon that (1) well-established cancers are dependent on one mutated oncogene or pathway for the maintenance of a malignant phenotype and that (2) withdrawal of the single oncogenic event leads to growth arrest and/or cancer regression. While oncogene addiction has been experimentally validated in advanced tumor models, its role in tumor precursors has not been investigated. We utilized the requirement of Forkhead box A1 (Foxa1) for transcriptional activation of the Upk2-promoter to temporally control the expression of Upk2-HRAS* oncogene, an inducer of urothelial hyperplasia in transgenic mice. Inducible homozygous knockout of Foxa1 in Upk2-HRAS*/UBC-CreERT2/Foxa1loxp/loxp mice results in reduced HRAS* levels. This led to a marked reduction of urothelial proliferation as evidenced by urothelial thinning, degenerative changes such as intracellular vacuole formation, and reduced Ki67 expression. Reduced proliferation did not affect basal, Krt14-positive cells, supporting the fact that Foxa1-regulated Upk2-HRAS* expression occurs primarily in supra-basal cells. Our results indicate that maintenance of urothelial hyperplasia in Upk2-HRAS* mice depends on continuous expression of Foxa1 and activated HRAS, and that mutated receptor tyrosine kinases, FOXA1 and/or other downstream effectors may mediate oncogene addiction in urothelial hyperplasia.
Nano-Antennas Based on Silicon-Gold Nanostructures
Authors: Kucherik A. , Kutrovskaya S. , Osipov A. , Gerke M. , Chestnov I. , Arakelian S. , Shalin A. S. , Evlyukhin A. B. , Kavokin A. V.
Published: January 2019

We experimentally realize nano-antennas based on hybrid silicon-gold nanoparticles (NPs). The silicon particles covered by clusters of small metal NPs are fabricated from a liquid phase under the effect of the laser irradiation. The complex nanoclusters containing both Si and Au components provide the enhancement of the near-field intensity and the resonant light scattering associated with excitation of multipole resonances in NPs. A strong sensitivity of the resonant light absorption to the hybrid particle size and material parameters is experimentally documented and theoretically discussed. The results demonstrate a high potentiality of the hybrid NPs for the realization of functional optical devices and metasurfaces.
Author Correction: Authentication and characterisation of a new oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell line: MFD-1
Authors: Garcia Edwin , Hayden Annette , Birts Charles , Britton Edward , Rogerson Connor , Bleaney Christopher W. , Cowie Andrew , Pickard Karen , Mellone Massimiliano , Choh Clarisa , Derouet Mathieu , Duriez Patrick , Noble Fergus , White Michael J. , Primrose John N. , Strefford Jonathan C. , Rose-Zerilli Matthew , Thomas Gareth J. , Ang Yeng , Sharrocks Andrew D. , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , Underwood Timothy J. ,   the OCCAMS consortium, MacRae Shona , Grehan Nicola , Abdullahi Zarah , de la Rue Rachel , Noorani Ayesha , Elliott Rachael Fels , de Silva Nadeera , Bornschein Jan , O’Donovan Maria , Contino Gianmarco , Yang Tsun-Po , Chettouh Hamza , Crawte Jason , Nutzinger Barbara , Edwards Paul A. W. , Smith Laura , Miremadi Ahmad , Malhotra Shalini , Cluroe Alison , Hardwick Richard , Davies Jim , Ford Hugo , Gilligan David , Safranek Peter , Hindmarsh Andy , Sujendran Vijayendran , Carroll Nick , Turkington Richard , Hayes Stephen J. , Ang Yeng , Preston Shaun R. , Oakes Sarah , Bagwan Izhar , Save Vicki , Skipworth Richard J. E. , Hupp Ted R. , O’Neill J. Robert , Tucker Olga , Taniere Philippe , Owsley Jack , Crichton Charles , Schusterreiter Christian , Barr Hugh , Shepherd Neil , Old Oliver , Lagergren Jesper , Gossage James , Davies Andrew , Chang Fuju , Zylstra Janine , Sanders Grant , Berrisford Richard , Harden Catherine , Bunting David , Lewis Mike , Cheong Ed , Kumar Bhaskar , Parsons Simon L. , Soomro Irshad , Kaye Philip , Saunders John , Lovat Laurence , Haidry Rehan , Eneh Victor , Igali Laszlo , Welch Ian , Scott Michael , Sothi Shamila , Suortamo Sari , Lishman Suzy , Beardsmore Duncan , Anderson Charlotte , Smith Mike L. , Secrier Maria , Eldridge Matthew D. , Bower Lawrence , Achilleos Achilleas , Lynch Andy G. , Tavare Simon
Published: January 2019

A correction has been published and is appended to both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper
A collection of rumen bacteriome data from 334 mid-lactation dairy cows
Authors: Sun Hui-Zeng , Xue Mingyuan , Guan Le Luo , Liu Jianxin
Published: January 2019

With the help of the bacteria in the rumen, ruminants can effectively convert human inedible plant fiber to edible food (meat and milk). However, the understanding of rumen bacteriome in dairy cows is still limited, especially in a large population under the same diet, breed, and milking period. Here we described the sequencing data of 16S rRNA gene of rumen bacteriome from 334 mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows generated using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 (PE250) platform. A total of 24,030,828 raw reads with an average of 71,946 ± 13,450 sequences per sample were obtained. The top ten genera with highest relative abundance accounted for 60.65% of total bacterial sequences. We observed 4,460 overall operational taxonomic units (1,827 ± 94 per sample) based on a 97% nucleotide sequence identity between reads. Totally 6,082 amplicon sequence variants (672 ± 131 per sample) were identified in 334 samples. The shareable datasets can be re-used by researchers to assess other rumen bacterial-related biological functions in dairy cows towards the improvement of animal production and health.
Preparation of levodopa-loaded crystalsomes through thermally induced crystallization reverses functional deficits in Parkinsonian mice
Authors: Li Xinyu , Liu Qianqian , Zhu Dashuai , Che Yongzhe , Feng Xizeng
Published: January 2019

The prepared levodopa loaded crystalsomes are nanoscale crystals and controlling levodopa release which improving MPTP-induced behavioral impairments and pathological features of mice.
Farming thermoelectric paper
Authors: Abol-Fotouh Deyaa , Dörling Bernhard , Zapata-Arteaga Osnat , Rodríguez-Martínez Xabier , Gómez Andrés , Reparaz J. Sebastian , Laromaine Anna , Roig Anna , Campoy-Quiles Mariano
Published: January 2019

Bacteria are used to grow in an aqueous medium a cellulose-carbon nanotube composite porous film with good thermoelectric properties, flexibility and recyclability.
SnxWO3 as a theranostic platform for realizing multi-imaging-guided photothermal/photodynamic combination therapy
Authors: Gao Yan , Wang Fei , Huang Weicheng , Yang Chunyu , Guo Wei , Song Chuanqi , Zhang Qun , Yang Bin , Xu Yanling , Guo Chongshen
Published: January 2019

SnxWO3 shows a distinct photothermal/photodynamic therapy outcome and has triple-imaging functions of CT, photoacoustic and NIR fluorescent imaging.
Deciphering the intersystem crossing in near-infrared BODIPY photosensitizers for highly efficient photodynamic therapy
Authors: Miao Xiaofei , Hu Wenbo , He Tingchao , Tao Haojie , Wang Qi , Chen Runfeng , Jin Lu , Zhao Hui , Lu Xiaomei , Fan Quli , Huang Wei
Published: January 2019

A multi-channel yet exceptionally efficient intersystem crossing process was experimentally and theoretically revealed in near-infrared BODIPY photosensitizers for highly efficient photodynamic therapy.
Mitochondrion-targeted platinum complexes suppressing lung cancer through multiple pathways involving energy metabolism
Authors: Zhu Zhenzhu , Wang Zenghui , Zhang Changli , Wang Yanjun , Zhang Hongmei , Gan Zhenji , Guo Zijian , Wang Xiaoyong
Published: January 2019

Monofunctional platinum complexes restrain lung cancer through disrupting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in addition to damaging nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.
Transition-metal-free α-arylation of oxindoles via visible-light-promoted electron transfer
Authors: Liang Kangjiang , Li Na , Zhang Yang , Li Tao , Xia Chengfeng
Published: January 2019

An operationally simple photochemical strategy for the direct arylation of oxindoles with (hetero)aryl halides in the absence of both transition metals and photoredox catalysts has been developed.
Programming in situ accelerated DNA walkers in diffusion-limited microenvironments
Authors: Chen Feng , Xue Jing , Bai Min , Qin Jing , Zhao Yongxi
Published: January 2019

In situ accelerated DNA walkers in diffusion-limited microenvironments are reported and utilized to monitor cytoplasmic enzyme catalysis and pathways.
Correction: Correlation between Cu ion migration behaviour and deNOx activity in Cu-SSZ-13 for the standard NH3-SCR reaction
Authors: Beale A. M. , Lezcano-Gonzalez I. , Slawinski W. A. , Wragg D. S.
Published: January 2019

Correction for ‘Correlation between Cu ion migration behaviour and deNOx activity in Cu-SSZ-13 for the standard NH3-SCR reaction’ by A. M. Beale et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 6170–6173.
Ultrathin nanodendrite surrounded PtRuNi nanoframes as efficient catalysts for methanol electrooxidation
Authors: Shang Changshuai , Guo Yaxiao , Wang Erkang
Published: January 2019

Overgrowth of ultrathin Ru nanodendrites on the vertexes of nanoframes effectively improves the utilization efficiency of noble metals and creates abundant defects.
Online sensorless position estimation for switched reluctance motors using characteristics of overlap position based on inductance profile
Authors: Kim Jae‐Hoon , Kim Rae‐Young
Published: January 2019

This study proposes an online sensorless position estimation method using switched reluctance motor (SRM) characteristics of overlapped position. The SRM drive system operation requires rotor position information of the motor to apply or commutate the current flowing in each phase winding. Conventional position sensorless control methods have some limitations due to complicated calculations, large memory space requirements dependency on lookup tables, and drive limitations for specific motors. To overcome these limitations, the proposed method uses the characteristics of the overlapping position of the SRM to estimate the rotor position information and hybrid sensorless control by varying the control method according to the operating section. The proposed sensorless position estimation method is verified experimentally using a 400 W 4/2 SRM.
Time‐domain computation of rotational iron losses considering the bulk conductivity for PMSMs
Authors: Asef Pedram , Bargallo Ramon , Lapthorn Andrew C.
Published: January 2019

This study investigates an advanced finite‐element (FE) technique for the evaluation of rotational iron losses based on a time‐domain computation, where the bulk conductivity of the core materials is considered. The iron‐loss characteristics are discussed for a radial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) for a wind generation application, with closed slots and outer rotor topology. The following factors are taken into account: (i) a real‐time rotational iron‐loss computation; (ii) the bulk conductivity of the steel laminations; and (iii) the influence of the controller harmonics on the system during transient conditions. The magnetic induction vector locus of each iron component is also discussed, where the magnetic induction is numerically modelled [three‐dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA)], computed using multiple magnetic antennae and is also experimentally verified. This comparative study shows a torque–frequency‐loss computation that is presented from low to high frequencies (50–800) Hz. The FE model of the total iron losses for the PMSM using both pure sinusoidal and proportional–integral pulse‐width modulation currents is studied and experimentally verified on a surface‐mounted PMSM. The proposed method of iron losses prediction significantly reduced the rate of error between 3D FEA and experimental data to 1.7%.
Extended second central moment approach to detect turn‐to‐turn faults in power transformers
Authors: Esponda Héctor , Vázquez Ernesto , Andrade Manuel A. , Guillén Daniel , Johnson Brian K.
Published: January 2019

This study describes an extended approach to the differential protection of power transformers to identify turn‐to‐turn faults based on the second central moment (SCM). The proposal uses the differential currents as the input signals to the algorithm. Differential currents are filtered and normalised to allow the proposed algorithm to be independent of the transformer parameters (power, reactance, connection etc.). Then, the SCM magnitude of the differential currents is computed and compared with an established threshold to detect the internal faults. If the SCM magnitude exceeds the limit, an internal fault is detected. Otherwise, the event is determined as a transient event or steady state. The proposed algorithm was implemented in MATLAB and was tested on a three‐phase system using a Real‐Time Digital Simulator. For laboratory experiments, a real 55‐kVA transformer setup was used to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. The algorithm successfully identified turn‐to‐turn faults from steady state, as well as during transformer energisations, in over 1000 cases.
Exploring wind power prognosis data on Nord Pool: the case of Sweden and Denmark
Authors: Herre Lars , Matusevičius Tadas , Olauson Jon , Söder Lennart
Published: January 2019

A good understanding of forecast errors is imperative for greater penetration of wind power, as it can facilitate planning and operation tasks. Oftentimes, public data is used for system studies without questioning or verifying its origin. In this study, the authors propose a methodology to verify public data with the example of wind power prognosis published by Nord Pool. They focus on Swedish data and identify a significant bias that increases over the forecast horizon. In order to explore the origin of this bias, they first compare against Danish forecast and then describe the underlying structure behind the submission processes of this data. Based on the balance settlement structure, they reveal that Swedish ‘wind power prognoses’ on Nord Pool are in fact rather wind production plans than technical forecasts. They conclude with the recommendation for improved communication and transparency with respect to the terminology of public data on Nord Pool. They stress the importance for the research community to check publicly available input data before further use. Furthermore, the root‐mean‐square error and the spatio‐temporal correlation between the errors in the bidding areas at different horizons are presented. Even with this compromised data, a stronger correlation is identified in neighbouring areas.
Calibration of a sensor for an ion electric field under HVDC transmission lines
Authors: Ya Mou , Yu Zhanqing , Fan Yazhou , Zhang Bo , Zhang Chao , Wang Xiaorui , Zeng Rong , He Jinliang
Published: January 2019

With the development of high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) transmission projects, the issue of electromagnetic compatibility has become more and more severe, especially the synthetic ion flow electric field. The DC electric field is inseparable from the equipment insulation, the safety of the system operation, and effects on organisms nearby. The measurement of the synthetic electric field of ion flow has been a major difficulty due to the influence of ion currents and distorted field. A differential electric field sensor for measuring the synthetic electric field is proposed. The calibration method and the experimental device for the measurement of the air synthetic electric field of ion flow are presented. Calibration experiments show that the calibration method is practical and effective, and the test result from the sensor is in good agreement with the theoretical value. The experiments in the library show the validity of the calibration method and the excellent performance of the sensor.
Electromagnetic transient analysing of neutral bus in UHVDC converter station
Authors: Wang Yunchao , Yu Zhanqing , Mou Ya , Liu Fan , Xie Shijun , Shuiming Chen , Zeng Rong , He Jingliang
Published: January 2019

Transient processes at neutral bus of ultra‐high value direct current (UHVDC) converter station received insufficient attention, because of the lower amplitude compare to poles. However due to the lower insulation level, electromagnetic transient processes at neutral bus may cause serious fault, and become an important issue that should be studied carefully in the design stage. A method to analyse the electromagnetic transient based on time‐domain wide‐band circuit simulation is proposed in this study. Models of major equipment are described. The electromagnetic transient of a ±800 kV converter station is calculated. The transient under different operation statuses is compared. Effects of suppression method such as arresters and capacitors are analysed.
Analysis of power transmission limit for the VSC‐HVDC feeding weak grid
Authors: Wu Aijun , Yuan Zhichang , Rao Hong , Zhou Baorong , Li Hongxin
Published: January 2019

The power transmission characteristics of the high‐voltage DC (HVDC) feeding system are the key issues to evaluate the ability of the grid to eliminate DC power. The characteristics of a single voltage source converter‐based high‐voltage DC (VSC‐HVDC) feeding DC–AC system is divided into two stages. In the first stage, when delivering little reactive power, the active and reactive power flowing out of the converter must meet certain constraints. This study deduces an analytical expression of maximum transmiTable active power considering the constraints. Based on this expression, the influence of the main parameters on the maximum transmiTable power can be accurately analysed. In the second stage, when delivering much reactive power, the characteristics are mainly constrained by the converter capacity. DC–AC systems with sufficient reactive power compensation can transmit rated active power. DC–AC systems have no reactive power compensation equipment are limited by the capacity of the converter. In this case, the values of active and reactive power transmitted are on the power circle of the converter. This study offers a method of calculating the maximum transmission active power varying with reactive power in a single VSC‐HVDC feeding DC–AC system. The method has important reference value for guiding the actual project construction and operation.
Power cable stresses caused by transmission line faults in next generation VSC‐MMC systems
Authors: Tünnerhoff Philipp , Ruffing Philipp , Puffer Ralf
Published: January 2019

Until today, HVDC systems based on Modular Multilevel Voltage Source Converters (VSC‐MMC) have exclusively been realised with cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable transmission in monopolar configuration. The next generation of VSC‐MMC systems may comprise bipolar configurations, mixed cable and overhead line transmission or hybrid AC/DC corridors. While diverse and more complex fault characteristics are expected in these systems, suitable XLPE cable test standards addressing these impacts are not yet available. Within this work, the dynamic fault behaviour of next generation VSC‐MMC systems is analysed to evaluate voltage and current stresses imposed on future cable applications. For this purpose, several system topologies and MMC setups are modelled and extensive fault simulation studies are carried out in an electromagnetic transient program (EMTP). As the results indicate, future cable applications may be exposed to severe transient stresses exceeding existing test levels. In particular, travelling wave reflections at the transitions of cable and overhead line segments may cause high‐frequency voltage oscillations with amplitudes of up to −2 pu. Moreover, intersystem faults in hybrid AC/DC corridors may lead to superimposed AC and DC cable stresses. The identified fault characteristics need to be taken into consideration to develop suitable cable test standards for future HVDC systems.
Growth faults affecting depositional geometry, facies and sequence stratigraphy record on a carbonate platform edge (South Vercors Urgonian platform, SE France)
Authors: Ferry Serge , Grosheny Danièle
Published: January 2019

The first two calcarenite units at the base of the Urgonian limestones on the southern edge of the platform bear different depositional geometries depending on place (Cirque d’Archiane to Montagnette and Rocher de Combau). The lower calcarenite unit (Bi5 of Arnaud H. 1981. De la plate-forme urgonienne au bassin vocontien. Le Barrémo-Bédoulien des Alpes occidentales entre Isère et Buëch (Vercors méridional, Diois oriental et Dévoluy). Géologie Alpine, Grenoble, Mémoire 12: 3. Disponible sur https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662966/document), is up to 200 m thick and shows three different patterns, in terms of accommodation space, from the western Archiane Cirque to the Montagnette to the east. On the western side of the Cirque, the unit begins on slope fine-grained limestone with thin sigmoïdal offlap geometry, suggesting little available space after a relative sea level fall. It is overlain by thick progradational/aggradational, then purely aggradational calcarenite capped by a coral and rudist-bearing bed. This bed is, therefore, interpreted as a maximum (although moderate) flooding facies. The depositional geometry is different on the eastern side of the Cirque, where a progradational pattern in the lower part of the unit is interrupted by a rotational movement affecting the depositional profile. The deformation promoted aggradation updip and retrogradation downdip as a result of starvation. The inferred growth fault updip (thought to be responsible for the change) began to function earlier at the Montagnette, explaining the huge calcarenite clinoforms found there, filling a deeper saddle created in the depositional profile. The same fault probably was reactivated later during the deposition of the overlying, thinner Bi6-1 unit, which appears at Rocher de Combau with an uncommon tidal facies at the base. A rotational bulge, created by the inferred growth fault, would have protected a small area behind it to spare the local calcarenite deposition from the waves for a while. These two examples show that sequence stratigraphic interpretation may differ from one place to the other, and even show opposite trends due to this kind of disturbance.
Development and Validation of an Occupant Biomechanical Model for the Aortic Injury Analysis under Side Impacts
Authors: Zhengwei Ma , Lele Jing , Lianbo Jiang
Published: January 2019

Traumatic rupture of the aorta (TRA) is one of the leading causes of death in side impacts. However, the injury mechanism of TRA is still not clear now. In this study, an occupant biomechanical model for the aortic injury study was presented. The anatomical structures and mechanical characteristics of the thoracic organs, especially the cardiac aortic system, were replicated as precise as possible. Through model validations against the Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) tests, good agreements were achieved between them in terms of the aortic strain, stress and deflection responses and injury distributions. Moreover, it was found that the injury mechanisms of the aorta under pure left side impact and oblique left side impact were different. In pure left side impact, the peri-isthmic region and descending aorta presented higher risks of TRA. In oblique left side impact, the TRA risk in aortic boot was higher than in other regions. The biomechanical model presented in this study could be of use to both the injury mechanism study of TRA as well as the design of occupants’ safety countermeasures involving aortic injuries in side impacts.
The KLMY90 # Asphalt and Its Mixture Performance Research for Gannan Area
Authors: Chen Cheng-qin , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xiao , Chen Xiu-le
Published: January 2019

Asphalt pavement is widely used at home and abroad because of its advantages of comfortable driving, convenient maintenance, short construction period, etc. Asphalt becomes brittle and is cracked in winter. Gannan is located in the plateau, belonging to plateau climate, low year-round temperature, often wind and rain, day and night temperature difference, strong sunlight. Therefore, the asphalt was selected with high temperature stability and low temperature ductility. The KLMY90# asphalt and its mixture were studied for the technical properties. The results showed: the content of saturates and aromatic components reduced at aging temperature; the saturated and aromatic content decreased at aging time; the saturated content decreased slowly than the content of aromatic content as the aging time decreasing; the dynamic stability increased with the asphalt-aggregate ratio; the asphalt mixture had superior performance, strong water resistance. The KLMY90# asphalt and its mixture were more suitable for paving roads for Gannan.
Variable Stiffness Structures Utilizing Pneumatic Artificial Muscles
Authors: Ning Feng , Chang Yingli , Wang Jingze
Published: January 2019

Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) can offer excellent force-to-weight ratios and act as shape-changing actuator under injecting the actuation fluid into their bladders. PAMs could be easily utilized for morphing structures due to their millimeter-scale diameter. The pressurized PAM can serve not only as artificial muscle actuator which obtains contraction deformation capability but also as a spring system with variable stiffness. In this study, the stiffness behaviors of pressurized PAMs and a variable stiffness structure are investigated. By taking advantage of the designed PAMs which was conducted by the non- linear quasi-static model, significant changes in the spring stiffness can be achieved by air pressure control. A case study is presented to explore the potential behavior of a structure with circular permutation PAMs. The structure used in this case consists of sixteen PAMs with circular homogeneous distribution and a circular supporter with sixteen slide way runners. The stiffness of presented structure can vary flexibly in wide range through controlling the air pressure levels and slide deformation respectively.
Trajectory tracking for omnidirectional mecanum robot with longitudinal slipping
Authors: Zhang Renhui , Hu Haiyan , Fu Yongsi
Published: January 2019

This paper propose an adaptive control law for an omnidirectional mecanum robot under longitudinal slip conditions. Firstly, the control law under pure rolling is obtained on the base of Lyapunov function, and the stability of the close-loop is proved. Secondly, four unknown parameters are used to describe the wheel slip coefficient, and the tracking error differential equations under longitudinal slip are established. Then, an adaptive nonlinear feedback controller is constructed, and using an appropriate Lyapunov function to ensure the close-loop system is stable. Matlab/Simulation result confirms the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Study on Film Characteristics of Piston-Cylinder Interface of High Pressure Common Rail Radial Piston Pump with Viscosity-Temperature-Pressure Effect
Authors: Qi Bo , Zhang Yong , Meng Guoyou , Ding Yao
Published: January 2019

Aiming at the inaccuracy of equivalent viscosity method in solving the film characteristics of piston-cylinder interface of high-pressure common rail radial piston pump, the film characteristics equation of piston-cylinder interface was established based on the theory of thermo-hydrodynamic lubrication. Through the solution, the thermal properties of the piston-cylinder interface film, which accounted for viscosity-temperature-pressure effect, were studied. The effects of cam speed and film inlet pressure on the characteristics of the piston-cylinder interface film were discussed. The conclusion has certain theoretical and engineering application value for the design and basic research of piston-cylinder interface.