bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Formation and Organization of New Life Insurance Companies in Kansas
Authors:   , Staab Donald
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to present the formation and organizational aspects of a new insurance company in Kansas. It is during these initial years that a new company experiences considerable difficulty. Problems such as personnel selection, agent training, selection of investments, and financial management are just a few of the difficulties encountered by a new company. The material used in this study was acquired through correspondence with the new life insurance companies, informative conferences with company agents, and the facilities available at Forsyth Library on the campus of Fort Hays Kansas State College. The study revealed that necessary legal requirements for capitalization of a new insurance company in Kansas could be supplemented with additional regulatory statutes, to provide greater security for the policyholder and also the stockholder. The study al so revealed a trend toward a holding company formation of new insurance companies to enable diversification in its operation. The most important feature of a new organization lies in its management. The guidance of a new firm, both in its home office operation and its field operation requires experienced and intelligent personnel. Surplus, growth, and economic and social contributions are also examined in this study. A precise and accurate measurement of this area of the study could not be made, due to the lack of necessary material.
From Fields Of Golden Grain To Black Liquid Gold: The Economic Contribution Of The Oil Industry To Ellis County, Kansas
Authors:   , Cobo Katherine
Published: February 2023

This thesis will demonstrate how the financial wealth that resulted from the discovery of oil in 1928 and the continued oil production until the decline in 1970 became a major contributing factor to the economic prosperity of Ellis County, Kansas for over four decades. The introductory chapter provides a clear picture of the agricultural background of the Ellis County economy. Confronted by economic depression from the 1929 Stock Market Crash, extreme drought, and dust storms across the Kansas prairies, Ellis County farmers and residents faced financial devastation. But when oil production began to provide an influx of financial wealth, the county of Ellis experienced an economic boost when it needed it most. Chapters two and three cover the numerous and productive commercial oil wells that were drilled in Ellis County and the economic prosperity that resulted from them for over forty years. In the face of nationwide economic depression, crippling weather conditions, and financial bankruptcy, the farmers and residents might have all been forced to eventually abandon their homesteads, their farms, and their land. But after the discovery of oil on the William Shutts farm November 15, 1928, the oil production that occurred over the next forty years became the major contributing factor to the economic prosperity of Ellis County, Kansas. Where the agricultural landscape was once dead and nonproductive, golden fields of grain now flourish in the sun while pump jacks rise up in the distance, contributing economic prosperity to the county of Ellis.
Superstitious Responding in Mongolian Gerbils Maintained by the Non-Contingent Presentation of a Negative Reinforcer
Authors:   , Pierce Kent
Published: February 2023

Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were used in an investigation of superstitious responding under conditions of negative reinforcement. A 5.000 Hz tone at high intensity was first established as an aversive stimulus for gerbils. The tone was then presented non-contingently to six Ss in an environment conducive to the production and measurement of superstitious responding. One S was observed to perform superstitious escape behavior after three sessions.
Form in Stone
Authors:   , Smith Spencer
Published: February 2023

The following photographs illustrate in two dimensions, three dimensional objects. The measurement of longest distance and medium will hopefully enhance your minds recreation of my pieces from the two dimensional surface into three dimensions. In all sincerity, I hope you will see the actual pieces.
Learning Disabled Locus of Control Orientation : Birth Order and Parental Perceptions
Authors:   , Nolte Christine
Published: February 2023

This study compared the locus of control orientation of learning disabled (LD) students with their non-LD peers, as well as the relationships of birth order and parental perceptions to students' locus of control orientation. Twenty-four LD students and twenty-six non-LD students were recruited for the study, as well as one parent per child. Subjects completed the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance (ANOVA) with birth order and parental perceptions serving as covariates. Firstborn children were found to be more internally oriented as compared to later-born children. The results of this study do not indicate support for the hypothesis that LD students hold a more external locus of control orientation than do non-LD students. The expected pattern of differences in locus of control orientation between LD and non-LD children was evident at each grade level, although the results were not statistically significant. Support was not found for the hypothesis that children are governed more by their learning type than by their birth order. Implications of these results for future research and practice are discussed.
An Analysis of The Habitat Distribution of The Fauna of A Stream- Bank Association In Western Kansas
Authors:   , Falls Olive
Published: February 2023

This present paper is chiefly concerned with the distribution of animals. The environmental and faunal conditions of Western Kansas have not been studied, and they are rapidly changing, due to human occupancy of the region. Therefore, a major object of this report is to put on record information in regard to the present vertebrate animal life in Western Kansas. Profound changes in the native conditions have already been recognized; for example, many animals have become extinct, and others are gradually vanishing. It is in the hope of contributing something of the facts of the status of the species in this region, at a given stage in its faunal changes , that this study is here-in reported.
The Burden of the Public Debt
Authors:   , Butler Michael
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze existing literature concerning the burden of the public debt in order that some conclusions might be drawn which would tend to confirm or deny the existence of a burden associated with the public debt. Procedures used: four different schools of thought were analyzed in an attempt to answer the above question. They were: The mercantile school of thought; the classical school; the new orthodoxy; and the neo-classical school of thought. Recent discussion appearing in economic journals was also analyzed. Summary and Conclusions: generally speaking, the mercantilists and the new orthodoxy’s conclusion was that the public debt, internally held, was not a burden. On the other hand, the classicists and the adherents to the neo-classical doctrine held that the public debt was a burden. It was concluded that the reason competent economists over the past three hundred years have been unable to reach a consensus about the burden of the public debt is that they have been talking about two different things. Although it may not be generally conceded that this is the basic problem, several economists are beginning to accept this conclusion. Once economists are able to build a model that is accepted by all, and once they are able to use terms to which everyone agrees, it is felt that the problem may be solved through the use of existing economic theory.
The Effect of Different Instructional Sets on Sentence Completion Responses
Authors:   , Crist Jacquelyn
Published: February 2023

The effects of three different instructional sets on Sentence Completion Test (SCT) responses were studied. Three groups of 20 S’s each, equally divided as to males and females, received different instructions to the same SCT items. The Three types of instructions: (1) stressed the expression of real feeling. (2) asked for immediate response, and (3) gave neutral instructions. Results of the study suggested that the different types of instructions had no significant effect on sentence completion responses, either for all S’s together, or for either sex alone.
An Exploratory Study of Touching Behaviors with Emphasis Upon the Marital Relationship and Self Concept
Authors:   , Castillo Debra
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the relationship between touching behaviors, self-concept, and the marital relationship. The subjects were 97 Fort Hays State University students. The total sample consisted of 32 males and 65 females. Dependent Variables were scores of five components (Idealistic Distortion, Marital Satisfaction, Communication, Leisure Activities, and Sexual Satisfaction) from Enrich, scores from the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, Touching Behaviors in the Marital Relationship scores and Touching Behaviors in Childhood scores. Independent variable were Touching Behaviors in the Marital Relationship scores and Touching Behaviors in Childhood scores, gender, years married, and children in the home. Nine null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level. Seven null hypotheses were tested under single arrangements and two were tested under five different arrangements. Of the nine null hypotheses tested, four were rejected and five were not. The results of this study indicated those subjects who reported the least amount of touching behaviors in childhood also reported the lowest mean amount of touching behaviors in their marital relationship. The study also indicated that touching behaviors in childhood had an effect upon reported marital satisfaction. The study also indicated that touching behaviors in the marital relationship had an effect upon the quality of the marital relationship. It was indicated that those who had reported no children living in the home reported more touching behaviors in the marital relationship indicated that those who reported having no children in the home also reported to have higher amounts of touching behaviors in the marital relationship.
Distributional Survey And Habitat Associations Of Crayfishes In Three River Basins In Kansas
Authors:   , Pinkall Ryan
Published: February 2023

Kansas represents the western most edge of high crayfish diversity in North America. The most recent comprehensive survey of crayfishes in Kansas was conducted over 50 years ago and resulted in a list of seven species. Subsequently, three species were added sporadically. The most recent summary of crayfishes in Kansas included 10 species and suggested the highest diversity to be located in the northeastern portion of the state. I surveyed crayfishes in three river basins in Kansas during the summers of 2009, 2010, and 2011: Kansas-Lower Republican, Missouri, and Upper Republican. Sites were selected based on stream order and partitioned among three macrohabitat types (pool, riffle, and run). A total of 132 sites were surveyed and 9,858 crayfishes were documented and represented six species (Cambarus diogenes, Orconectes immunis, O. luteus, O. neglectus, O. virilis, and Procambarus simulans). Orconectes virilis was the predominant species collected and exhibited an affinity for pools and runs. Orconectes immunis rarely was collected and was restricted to stagnant streams with minimal flow. New distributional records were documented for four species: C. diogenes, O. luteus, O. neglectus, and P. simulans. Study results have implications for future evaluation of crayfish communities in Kansas.
The Southern Flank: Successes and Failures of Eisenhower Administration Anti-Communist Policy in Iraq and Iran
Authors:   , Northrup Timothy
Published: February 2023

This is an examination of the Eisenhower Administration’s diplomatic and broader foreign policy in Iran and Iraq. The geopolitical circumstances of the early Cold War period framed the decisions of the Eisenhower Administration in every geographical region. In the Middle East the Eisenhower Administration attempted to check Soviet influence and potential expansionism as well as moderate or sideline Gamal Abdul Nasser’s Arab Socialist and Arab Nationalist movements. In furtherance of these goals, the Eisenhower Administration took two very different approaches to the regimes in Iraq and Iran. After a reasonably fair election in Iran returned an anti-Monarchist government that had some socialist elements more sympathetic to the USSR and that government took steps to nationalize the oil industry, the Eisenhower administration authorized a CIA-backed coup plot that reinstalled the shah and removed the left-leaning government. Thereafter the Eisenhower Administration sought to prop up the government with military aid and economic development. In Iraq a reasonably friendly monarchy and political oligarchy’s concerns and fundamental weaknesses were essentially ignored in the run up to a major coup in 1958. Despite being driven by nationalist concerns, the new governments all had a slight socialist element, and thus the Eisenhower Administration was cold to the overtures of friendship. This paper argues that these strategic choices were knowably short-sighted and narrow-focused, and they were important causes of the following Islamic Revolution in 1979 in Iran and the Baath government taking control in Iraq in 1968. The Eisenhower Administration confused Arab Nationalism and Arab Socialism with Soviet communism and issued ultimatums that neither government would be able to reasonably fulfilled if they desired to survive in the long term.
Arranging Information
Authors:   , Zamrzla Erin
Published: February 2023

Every culture employs methods for organizing and arranging information. Language, numerals, and calendars are just a few examples. The arts are yet another vehicle. Graphic design, with its emphasis on imagery and typography, is a key means of presenting ideas in our society.
A Survey of Guidance Practices In The Secondary Schools In The State of Kansas
Authors:   , Gallion Randall
Published: February 2023

The general problem of this thesis is an investigation of what is now being done in secondary schools of the State of Kansas in fulfilling their obligation as stated. More specifically, the thesis investigates what the high schools of the state are really doing with the problem of guidance.
A Survey of Properties of Curves of Constant Width with Examples and Applications
Authors:   , Nusse Judith
Published: February 2023

The object of this paper is to present (1) a logical development of properties of plane curves of constant width, (2) some examples of such curves, and (3) applications of their properties. Investigation of available literature has yielded proofs of several characterizing theorems and some interesting, if not so essential properties, these sources also report a variety of practical applications in kinematics and intuitively present some examples of curves of constant width made up entirely of circular arcs (all special cases of a more general curve for which this paper gives a rigorous proof). In addition, this paper verifies the constant width of curves different from any types given in the literature, thereby establishing that there are some curves of constant width made up partly of circular and partly of non-circular arcs, and some no part of which is circular. Also included in this paper are a number of original proofs. One of these demonstrates that curves of constant diameter are curves of constant width; another establishes the convexity of such curves.
Redefining Sexuality and Marriage : Lillian Harman and Lucifer, The Light-Bearer, 1886-1910
Authors:   , Hammer Erin
Published: February 2023

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Lillian Harman used the radical journal Lucifer, the Light-Bearer to challenge orthodox views on sexuality and marriage. Harman rejected the traditional authority of civil and religious laws in an attempt to emancipate women. She did more than merely write about her views; she also lived her beliefs. [Edited; more in manuscript]
Amateur or Professional Politician: A Case Study of Huck Boyd
Authors:   , Nech Melissa
Published: February 2023

This is a case study of the political orientation of McDill “Huck” Boyd, newspaper publisher from Phillipsburg, Kansas. The definitions of professional and amateur politicians as introduced by James Q. Wilson and test by Thomas H. Roback are applied and tested. Data was collected over a three month period. It includes information from Mamie Boyd’s biography, oral interviews with Boyd family and friends and news clippings relevant to the gubernatorial campaigns of 1960 and 1964. Analysis was made of this data in regard to family background, political socialization and political orientation.
Impressions in Serigraphy
Authors:   , Wineland Calvin
Published: February 2023

My impressions in serigraphy reflect an attitude of appreciation and concern for the natural beauty of the land, and particularly of this region. This environment continues to stimulate me as a creative individual and makes me appreciate this natural beauty to the point that I try to share this appreciation in my work. My serigraphs deal with the natural essence of life and death, past and future, subtle beauty and tokens of the past in a romantical interpretation of this life style. They are most nostalgic and reminiscent of the past, in both subject and handling. The landscape, the deserted farm house, or the countless sunsets are symbols of both the past and future of man.
Risk Taking Behavior of Fifth Grade Children
Authors:   , Harting Joyce
Published: February 2023

The research was designed to investigate risk taking behavior of military and non-military fifth grade children. The subjects consisted of 99 fifth grade students enrolled in four schools from the following areas: military, Air Force base; low economic, blue collar; suburban, middle class; and, farming, small town rural. The researcher developed and administered a 10 item risk taking instrument; in addition, the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale was used. Three null hypotheses were tested. Sex class, four types of schools, and the scores from the six factors of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale were designated as the independent variables. Scores from the risk taking instrument were the dependent variable. The hypotheses were tested using the following: a one-way analysis of variance, t-test for independent data sets, and a t-test for Pearsonian product-moment correlation coefficients. Hypothesis one was not rejected; the results of the study indicated there were no differences among the types of schools attended and reported risk taking behavior. The results from this hypothesis also indicated no statistically significant difference between military and non-military children in reported risk taking behavior. Hypothesis two was not rejected; there was no reported difference between male and female subject's mean scores on the risk taking instrument. Null hypothesis three was rejected since there were statistically significant correlation coefficients between the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale factors and the risk taking instrument. The following generalizations appear to be supported after reviewing the results of the study. There were no reported differences in risk taking behavior among the socio-economic groups. Also, there was no reported difference between military and non-military children in risk taking behavior. However, three factors from the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale scores generated significant correlation coefficients with the risk taking instrument scores for the military dependent children. It should be noted there were no significant correlation coefficients with the factors of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale scores and risk taking instrument scores for any other group of children. Finally, there was no reported difference between males and females in risk taking behavior.
Cyprus' Dependence on the Mining Industry and British Bases
Authors:   , Kyriakides Dinos
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to point out that Cyprus' dependence on the mine industry and British bases is undesirable; therefore, other economic sources must be found and developed. These two sources of revenue are undesirable because they are unstable, temporary, and outside the control of Cyprus' Government. The undesirability of these two sources is demonstrated when the author points out the problems that were created in the 1950's and early 1960's as a result of the fluctuations in revenues from the mine industry and British bases. In order to lessen Cyprus' dependence on the bases and mines alternative sources must be found. In this study the author makes certain suggestions which will help to promote Cyprus' manufacturing industry. The expansion of the manufacturing sector of the Island will decrease the importance of the bases and mines on the economy of Cyprus. In an effort to show that Cyprus is over-dependent on the bases and mines the author points out how much these sources contributed to the Island's economy between 1950-1959 and 1960-1965. Also their future contribution to the economy of Cyprus is discussed. The author includes an introductory analysis on the economic and political history of Cyprus and refers to its geographical setting to assist the reader in comprehending the problem discussed. The author's proposals to help expand the manufacturing sector of the Island will undoubtedly require further study and research. He hopes that these general proposals will be considered in plans of the Cyprus Government for economic development.
Footed Clay Sculpture
Authors:   , McBeth David
Published: February 2023

In my thesis work I have explored alternative approaches to basing ceramic forms. Traditionally, much emphasis has been placed on the ending of a ceramic piece, its upper edge or lip. My intention has been to bring interest, excitement, tension and uniqueness to the bottom or base of my works and at the same time exploring color through the use of low-fire glaze materials.
The Mammals of the Duck Creek Local Fauna, Late Pleistocene of Kansas
Authors:   , McMullen Terrance
Published: February 2023

The Duck Creek local fauna was discovered in a gravel pit near the Smoky Hill River in southeastern Ellis County, Kansas. Mammalian remains in the fauna include four species of the family Soricidae, two of the Leporidae, two of the Sciuridae, two of the Geomydae, six of the Muridae, and one of the Mustelidae. Based on habitat requirements of extant species in the fauna, the Duck Creek local fauna is presumed to consist of elements of two biotic communities: moist-riparian, and upland. A late Pleistocene age for the fauna is suggested by the stage of evolution and preferred habitats and geologic ranges of extant species. More specifically, both the stratigraphic position of the fauna and a faunal comparison with other late Pleistocene Great Plains faunas indicate that the Duck Creek local fauna is Illinoian in age.
The Community of Haviland, Kansas
Authors:   , Rush Arthur
Published: February 2023

This thesis is a survey of the history of Haviland, Kansas in Kiowa County.
Transitional First Grade: Parent and Student Attitudes
Authors:   , Brungardt Daniel
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate a transitional first grade program. The independent variables were gender and lunch status. The dependent variables were: scores from the Student Attitude toward Transitional First Grade instrument, scores from the Parent Attitude toward Transitional First Grade instrument, high school grade point average scores for high school seniors, middle school grade point average scores for high school seniors, elementary school grade point average scores for high school seniors, middle school grade point average scores for ninth grade students, elementary school grade point average scores for ninth grade students, and elementary school grade point average scores for seventh grade students.
An Investigation of the Difference in Creative Thinking Abilities Between Students with Disabilities and Students Without Disabilities
Authors:   , Dirks Irene
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the creative thinking abilities between students with disabilities and students without disabilities. The subjects were chosen form an eighth grade class in small western Kansas town. The study used the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking and an Adapted Scoring Guide to assess the differences in the abilities of these students. The results of this investigation revealed that there are differences based on the above measures between the group of students with disabilities and the group of students without disabilities. Results indicated that the students with disabilities were more original and able to elaborate more. The students without disabilities were more able to resist premature closure and more able to be abstract in their titles.
Resiliency Theory and Alternative Education : An Outcome Study
Authors:   , Kisner Lena
Published: February 2023

Resiliency theory is based on the idea that a person will maintain faith in the future despite adversity, and with the help of others, will be able to overcome almost any obstacle (Krovetz, 1999b). Alternative schools were developed to provide at-risk students with the opportunity to avoid academic and social failure while striving to prevent them from dropping out of school or becoming adjudicated (Fuller & Sabatino, 1996). This research was designed to examine the relation between resiliency theory and alternative education by using archival data from students enrolled at Westside Alternat1ve School from the past 10 years. The purpose of the study was to examine which characteristics predicted that the students would return to the mainstream school. Results indicated that the only significant predictors were previous out of home placements and juvenile authority involvement. Students who had previously been placed out of the home or involved with the juvenile justice authorities were more- likely not to return to the mainstream school.
High School Seniors' Perceptions of Family Environment
Authors:   , Kottmann Mary
Published: February 2023

The researcher investigated perceived family environment for high school seniors. The independent variables were educational/vocational plan, residence plan, feelings about the future, maternal education level, paternal education level, family size, and gender. The dependent variables were the 10 subscale scores from the Family Environment Scale. Subjects were 293 high school seniors from three large high schools in central and western Kansas. Four composite null hypotheses were tested. A total of 210 comparisons plus 70 recurring comparisons were made. Of the 210 comparisons, 28 were statistically significant. The following main effects were statistically significant: educational/vocational plan and the dependent variables ARO and MRE; residence plan and the dependent variables COH and CON ; feelings about the future and the dependent variables COH, EXP , IND, ARO, ICO, and ORG ; family size and the dependent variable MRE; and gender and the dependent variable CTL . Eleven interactions were statistically significant: educational/vocational plan with residence plan for the dependent variable ARO; residence plan with feelings for the dependent variable ARO; educational/vocational plan with feelings for the dependent variable MRE; maternal education level with family size for the dependent variable CON; maternal education level with educational/vocational plan for the dependent variable ARO; paternal education level with educational/vocational plan and family size for the dependent variables AO, ARO, and MRE; paternal education level with family size for the dependent variable ORG : feelings with residence plan for the dependent variable EXP: and gender with residence plan for the dependent variable ORG. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: (a) an association among educational/vocational plan, residence plan, and ARO; (b) an association among feelings, residence plan, and ARO; (c) an association among feelings, residence plan, and EXP; (d) an association among educational/vocational plan, feelings, and MRE: (e) An association among maternal education level, family size and CON; (f) an association among maternal education level , educational/vocational plan, and ARO; (g) an association among paternal education level, education/vocational plan, family size, and AD: (h) an association among paternal education level, educational/vocational plan, family size, and ARO: (i) an association among paternal education level, educational/ vocational plan, family size, and MRE: (j) an association among paternal education level, family size, and ORG; and (k) an association among gender, residence plan, and ORG.
Madame Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit: A Non-Violent Agitator
Authors:   , Roland Jean
Published: February 2023

This study was a documentary-critical analysis of selected speeches by Mme. Pandit. The speeches analyzed were: \Peace and Freedom Indivisible,\ given in 1946 before the United Nations General Assembly; \Adventure Awaits,\ given in 1950 at Vassar College Commencement; and The Whidden Lectures, a series of three delivered in 1957 at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The first chapter explained the significance of studying the speeches of such a successful Indian woman. The fourfold working hypothesis was: (1) Mme. Pandit presented ideas of significance to a world audience. (2) The speeches approximated the classical canons, but since perfection is seldom attained, there may be room for some slight improvements. (3) The speeches accomplished the desired results. (4) The speeches promoted good will between people and stirred people to strive to do what they could to build a better world. Criteria and available source materials were listed. Chapter two was an historical survey of India, her people, language, arts, sciences, and religions to give an understanding of the cultural background. Beginning with the Aryan invasion it traced various trends down to the present day. Non-violence is a traditional doctrine of several Indian religious groups. A biographical sketch of Mme. Pandit was given in Chapter three. This included a brief resume of the family migration from Kashmir to Allahabad where Mme. Pandit was born and began her career. It also gave an indication of the political setting and climate during Mme. Pandit’s formative years and early career. Chapter four analyzed the speeches and measured them by each of the classical rhetorical canons. Conclusions reached were that Mme. Pandit was aware of audience differences and that she not only made general adaptations to comply with audience expectations, but also adapted significant ideas to fit the audience and occasion. Her ideas were timely and significant to the immediate audience and to the world. Mme. Pandit used all three modes of proof but probably used more ethical than logical and more logical than emotional proof. Her devotion to such causes as peace and equal rights for all, and her enthusiasm contributed to her effectiveness. Most of Mme. Pandit's ideas were expressed clearly and arranged systematically. Her speech was embellished with numerous stylistic devices to add interest and variety. Word choice and sentence structure and variety were usually appropriate. Mme. Pandit seems to have had good delivery although it is uncertain whether she used gestures or not. Her voice was well modulated and used to good advantage. Although the speeches studied were not given extempore or from memory, the indications are that Mme. Pandit did have good memory when the occasion demanded it. The conclusion was that she was generally an effective speaker. The final chapter indicated that the fourfold hypothesis was generally supported. Mme. Pandit, a non-violent agitator, promoted good will and understanding between people and stirred them to strive to build a better world.
Conditioning a Class of Verbal Behavior in Schizophrenics and Normals Using Both Verbal and Gestural Reinforcement
Authors:   , Baer Slechta Joan
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to determine some of the possible differences in normal and schizophrenic verbal behavior. Subjects were ten persons at the Larned State Hospital who had been diagnosed as schizophrenic and ten normals matched to the schizophrenics as to age, sex, and education. All subjects were requested to tell two stories including themselves, two other people, and the experimenter. References to the experimenter were reinforced by means of verbal approval (such as \good\ and “mmm-hm\) during the second story. The frequency of references to the experimenter was computed for each story. Comparisons were made on a group basis and all possible comparisons were made between and within the groups. Significant differences were obtained in comparing non-reinforced normal with reinforced normal subjects and in comparing reinforced normal subjects with reinforced schizophrenic subjects. Schizophrenic subjects showed greater variability in their behavior and, as a group, their reinforced stories did not differ significantly from their non-reinforced stories.
Ecology of Japanese Brome (Bromus Japonicus Thunb.) on Limestone Soils in Western Kansas
Authors:   , Chen Hui
Published: February 2023

Japanese brome (Bromus japonicas) is common, cool-season, introduced annual on native rangelands in western Kansas. It is usually abundant in valleys, gully basins, and on flat locations; but rare on microridges and tops of the shallow limy range site. The purpose of this study was to ascertain what major factors cause this facto and provide some data to describe the relation of the plant to its microenvironment. Conclusions were based on experiments conducted in the green house, laboratory, and field. Soil surface moisture probably played an important role in determining Japanese brome germination and seedling establishment. Properties of limestone soils had no effects on the plant germination; but they would be associated with soil surface moisture, thus affecting plant growth, development, and distribution on the shallow limy range site. The Soil properties could become more important when the soil surface moisture was sufficient. The litters cover perhaps acts as an important factor determining plant germination and establishment mostly on the locations where microenvironments are physically too dry. Some microsites might be suitable refuges for individuals or small populations of Japanese brome to succeed on the shallow limy range site.
Comparison Between Coping Adaptiveness and Sex-Role Orientation
Authors:   , Wagner Sean
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the current research was to examine: (a) if a relationship existed between an individual's sex-role orientation and that individual's method of coping; and (b) which sex-role orientation was most adaptive in coping with stress. According to Bern (1974), extreme amounts of masculinity or femininity \become negative and even destructive\, while the androgynous sex-role is related to \adaptiveness\ and \psychological health\. There were four hypotheses in the current research: (a) the androgynous sex-role orientation will have higher problem-focused and emotion-focused coping scores than the other three sex-role orientations; (b) the androgynous group will have a higher adaptive coping score than the other three sex-role orientations; (c) androgynous individuals will have a higher total coping score than the other sex-role orientations; and (d) undifferentiated individuals will tend to use a significantly greater amount of less useful coping strategies than the other three sex-role orientations. Ninety-eight college students enrolled in courses at Fort Hays State University were asked to complete two questionnaires: (a) a Short Bern Sex-Role Inventory, and (b) the COPE questionnaire. The Short Bern Sex-Role Inventory is designed to measure an individual's sex-role stereotype. The COPE questionnaire is designed to measure general types of coping methods and specific coping strategies. Results indicated that sex-role orientation tended to be an important factor in an individual's method of coping, although the results failed to conclusively support the androgyny theory. The androgynous sex-role orientation employed greater use of problem-focused plus emotion-focused coping than did the other sex-role orientations with the exception of the masculine sex-role orientation. The androgynous sex-role orientation displayed greater coping adaptiveness than did the undifferentiated sex-role orientation. A total coping score indicated that the androgynous sex-role orientation utilized a greater number of coping methods than did the masculine and undifferentiated sex-role orientations.
Critical Habitat Assessment and Recovery Plan for the Kansas State Threatened Broad-Headed Skink
Authors:   , Hullinger Allison
Published: February 2023

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The Effect of Selected Aspects of Work-Study Programs on the Job Satisfaction of College Students
Authors:   , Sapp Jerri
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the work satisfaction of college students as related to their on-campus jobs. The six independent variables were the way in which the student was chosen for employment, the type of work being performed, prior work experience, the amount of orientation received, the number of hours worked per week, and if the work position was related to the student's college major. The dependent variable was work satisfaction of the student toward the job currently being held. The statements reflecting the dependent variables were treatment by supervisor, job usefulness, employment interference with study time, employment interference with social life, sense of accomplishment, and job reference. Five composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level. Composite null hypotheses one through four were tested using three-way analysis of variance. Composite null hypothesis five was tested using a two-way analysis of variance. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations. (1) Those assigned to clerical positions reported greater total satisfaction than those assigned to athletically related positions. Those assigned to clerical positions reported numerically more satisfaction than any other group. (2) In nearly all instances, those receiving adequate orientation reported greater satisfaction than those receiving some orientation. The relations hips among orientation and job usefulness, schedule for study needs, no interference with social life, sense of accomplishment, and for total satisfaction reported greater satisfaction among those receiving an adequate amount of orientation, while those receiving some orientation generally reported the lowest satisfaction in all groups. (3) Those who applied and interviewed for their work positions reported greater satisfaction in nearly all comparisons that were significant. (4) Those employed in a position related to major course of study reported the highest total satisfaction as well as in the areas of social life, treatment by supervisor, and job reference. Satisfaction was usually the result of more than one single condition.
Undoing the Factory Model: A Practical Field Test in Blended Learning
Authors:   , Holden Adam
Published: February 2023

The successful implementation of e-learning strategies into the learning process is not a new idea. Education was first introduced to the concept of digital natives using technological tools to learn over a decade ago now, and yet we remain a nation struggling to come to terms with the educational potential of technology. It is true, that the past ten years has seen a significant integration of hardware into the classroom; the question must be asked however, whether this has been wastefully accomplished by many schools, without predetermined planning or the development of strategic outcomes for its use. Merely, introducing these new technologies into the classroom does little to address the needs of students -- while it might create a welcome instructional environment for them, it does not address the compelling \\elephant in the room.\\ Being able to orchestrate a student-centered, technology-rich lesson requires much expertise on the part of the teacher and a system-wide universally acknowledged educational technology plan. This study will examine the paradigm shift required of teachers and the practical reality of adopting a blended learning environment to meet the needs of a diverse school district.
Fremont's Expeditions Through Kansas, 1842-1854
Authors:   , Horton Lilburn
Published: February 2023

John Charles Fremont made five exploring expeditions through Kansas. The first three expeditions were made at the expense and under the direction of the United States Government. The two later ones were private ventures financed principally at the expense of Senator Thomas H. Benton, Fremont's father-in-law, and himself. A full account of the five exploring expeditions could almost form a complete history of the Trans-Mississippi West during that time--June, 1842, to February, 1854. The purpose of the study was to examine these five expeditions as they apply to Kansas, and to determine what results were achieved by his travels and subsequent reports. Special emphasis was given to his accounts of the Kansas scene, especially his influence in changing the concept of '\the Great American Desert.\ A study was made of the available Fremont papers. The bulk of the Fremont personal papers were destroyed many years ago in a warehouse fire in New York. In writing the account of his five expeditions through Kansas various sources were used. Of the first two Fremont wrote official reports; the third he described in full in his Memoirs of My Life (1886); the fourth and fifth he left without official record, although his letters and documents help reconstruct the expeditions. Bigelow’s Life of Colonel Premont (1856) and Upham's Life, Explorations, and Public Services of John Charles Fremont (1856) help, as secondary sources, to give us a graphic account of the fourth expedition. S. N. Carvalho in his Incidents of Travel and Adventure in the Far West gives the most complete and authentic account of the fifth expedition.
Mateel Howe Farnham: Her Life and Writings
Authors:   , Roche Joseph
Published: February 2023

This study covers the life of one of Kansas' comparatively unknown writers, Mateel Howe Farnham, and provides a critical analysis of all her literary endeavors. The daughter of Edgar Watson Howe, Mrs. Farnham through her writing attempted to prove to her father that she was a competent, level- headed woman. While the appearance of her literary endeavors in itself proved this point, she also tried to prove it by writing stories the themes of which showed that she deeply believed that women should be free and independent individuals. All but one of her efforts were written with this thought in mind.
Ahead of the Curve : A History of the National Baseball Congress Tournament in Wichita, Kansas,1935-2005
Authors:   , Larsen Travis
Published: February 2023

This thesis provides a history of the National Baseball Congress (NBC) tournament in Wichita, Kansas, from its founding in 1935 to 2005. The NBC tournament, since its inception, has had an impact culturally, economically, and socially on the city of Wichita, and to a lesser degree, an impact on Major League Baseball and other facets of organized baseball. By using a decade-by-decade over view of the history of the NBC tournament, one finds how social and cultural events have played a role in the success of the NBC tournament, and how the tournament influenced the baseball world. Raymond \Hap” Dumont, the founder and master promoter of the NBC tournament, created an environment that would push his tournament to the forefront of the minds of Americans. He did this by using the mass media and by instituting unique promotions to enhance the game of baseball. Dumont also created opportunities for minorities, military baseball teams, and eventually college baseball players to participate in his semipro tournament. This thesis, based on newspaper articles, Raymond Dumont's biography, and other assorted histories of baseball in the twentieth century, argues that the success of the NBC tournament was due to Dumont's ingenuity and desire to succeed. When Dumont passed away, the tournament went through a series of ownership changes that initially weakened the overall economic effectiveness of the tournament. However, the originality and tradition of the tournament endured because of the dedicated employees that Dumont hired to help run the event. When the Rich family from Buffalo, New York, bought the National Baseball Congress in 1985, they also purchased a Wichita institution, a tradition that has endured into the twenty-first century.
The Effect of Protein Vs Carbohydrate Breakfast Upon Activity Rate of Children
Authors:   , McAllister Channing
Published: February 2023

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of high and low breakfast protein content on activity level in the late morning hours. Six male first grade subjects received two different breakfasts. One breakfast was high in protein (Condition B) while the other breakfast was lower in protein and higher in carbohydrates with approximately one-third the protein content of the high protein meal (Condition C). During Condition A, baseline rates were obtained during which the subjects were free to eat what they wished. During Condition B, subjects ate the high protein breakfast and during Condition C they received the low protein meal. Three subjects participated in a BCBA design and the other three subjects in a CBCA design. Both meals contained approximately the same amount of calories. Activity level, as measured by the Ryabik-Farrall Activity Chair, was measured for five consecutive days under each condition or treatment. Rates were compared within subjects, within groups, and across groups. No significant differences were obtained when activity rates under high and low protein conditions were compared. The results of the present study give no clear indication of the role of breakfast protein in relation to activity level in the late morning hours.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between Smoking and Anxiety Using the S-R Inventory of Anxiousness
Authors:   , Derrick Glenn
Published: February 2023

The primary purpose of this study was to identify one of the many nonspecific factors that has not been controlled for when assessment of the problem behavior of smoking takes place. Anxiety, situationally defined, was that factor. The concept of anxiety was chosen because its relationship to cigarette smoking has been largely ignored. The S-R Inventory of Anxiousness was the measuring device used to measure anxiety in smokers, nonsmokers, and quitters. The secondary purpose of this study was to test the generalizability of this instrument and the proportion of variance each dimension of the scale contributes to the total variance. This study tested the hypotheses: (a) smoker’s scores would be higher than nonsmoker’s, (b) quitters scores would be higher than smoker’s, (c) the mode of anxiety response would contribute more to the total variance than other variables, (d) the triple interaction of subjects by situations by mode of response would contribute most to the total variance, and (e) there would be a positive correlation between the desire to smoke and the amount of anxiety. The results supported all of the hypotheses except (b). Implications of the results for the understanding of personality variables and for the remediation of smoking problems were discussed.