bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypotheses and Hope: Policy Analysis and Cost Controls (or Not) in the Affordable Care Act
Authors: White Joseph
Published: March 2018

Cost control choices for the Affordable Care Act are a logical topic for this special issue because of both the policy and political importance of the choices and what they illustrate about the use of policy analysis in policy making. This article argues that the common trope that research-based evidence is ignored because of “politics” misunderstands the patterns of policy analysis. Politicians did listen to interest groups, voters, and their own attitudes, but the visibility and credentials of different policy analyses were also important. The advice structure and validation of ideas for budgetary decisions also differed distinctly from that for choices about how to control overall health care spending. This article illustrates patterns of influence with regard to three types of cost controls: price regulation, limits on insurance, and an aspirational agenda of system reengineering measures such as accountable care organizations, pay for performance, and cost-effectiveness analysis. Even the meaning of evidence for some measures (e.g., reengineering) was different from that for others (e.g., price regulation). Being heavily promoted by the most prestigious policy experts did not mean ideas were either well supported by evidence or politically safe. The question may be more why politicians listened to some analysts than why they do not listen to analysis.
Technocratic Dreams, Political Realities: The Rise and Demise of Medicare's Independent Payment Advisory Board
Authors: Oberlander Jonathan , Spivack Steven B.
Published: March 2018

Enacted as part of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB) was hailed by many analysts as a major innovation in US health policy making and cost control. The board promised to put a brake on Medicare spending through an extraordinary combination of budgetary discipline, expert advice, uncommon legislative procedures, and administrative delegation. IPAB embodied the aspirations of technocracy: the board would rise above partisanship and interest group pressures, formulating Medicare policy recommendations based on evidence and reason rather than politics. The special legislative rules and administrative powers associated with IPAB were to be an antidote to both congressional inaction and micromanagement. Those aspirations resonated with many politicians, policy makers, and health services researchers. Yet IPAB has fallen far short of the aspirations and enthusiasm that accompanied its establishment. It has remained in political purgatory, paralyzed by controversy and partisanship. We explore why IPAB has failed to live up to the hype and what the IPAB story tells us about the promise and limits of technocracy in US health care policy.
The Immediate Effect of Foot Orthoses on Subtalar Joint Mechanics and Energetics
Authors: MAHARAJ JAYISHNI N. , CRESSWELL ANDREW G. , LICHTWARK GLEN A.
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Foot orthoses maybe used in the management of musculoskeletal disorders related to abnormal subtalar joint (STJ) pronation. However, the precise mechanical benefits of foot orthoses for preventing injuries associated with the STJ are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of foot orthoses on the energy absorption requirements of the STJ and subsequently tibialis posterior (TP) muscle function.

Methods

Eighteen asymptomatic subjects with a pes planus foot posture were prescribed custom-made foot orthoses made from a plaster cast impression. Participants walked at preferred and fast velocities barefoot, with athletic footwear and with athletic footwear plus orthoses, as three-dimensional motion capture, force data, and intramuscular electromyography of the TP muscle were simultaneously collected. Statistical parametric mapping was used to identify time periods across the stride cycle during which footwear with foot orthoses significantly differed to barefoot and footwear only.

Results

During early stance, footwear alone and footwear with orthoses significantly reduced TP muscle activation (1%–12%), supination moments (3%–21%), and energy absorption (5%–12%) at the STJ, but had no effect on STJ pronation displacement.

Conclusions

The changes in TP muscle activation and STJ energy absorption were primarily attributed to footwear because the addition of foot orthoses provided little additional effect. We speculate that these results are most likely a result of the compliant material properties of footwear. These results suggest that athletic footwear may be sufficient to absorb energy in the frontal plane and potentially reducing any benefit associated with the addition of foot orthoses.
Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Endurance Performance in Athletes
Authors: GUEST NANCI , COREY PAUL , VESCOVI JASON , EL-SOHEMY AHMED
Published: March 2018

Purpose

Many studies have examined the effect of caffeine on exercise performance, but findings have not always been consistent. The objective of this study was to determine whether variation in the CYP1A2 gene, which affects caffeine metabolism, modifies the ergogenic effects of caffeine in a 10-km cycling time trial.

Methods

Competitive male athletes (n = 101; age = 25 ± 4 yr) completed the time trial under three conditions: 0, 2, or 4 mg of caffeine per kilogram body mass, using a split-plot randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design. DNA was isolated from saliva and genotyped for the −163A > C polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene (rs762551).

Results

Overall, 4 mg·kg−1 caffeine decreased cycling time by 3% (mean ± SEM) versus placebo (17.6 ± 0.1 vs 18.1 ± 0.1 min, P = 0.01). However, a significant (P <0.0001) caffeine–gene interaction was observed. Among those with the AA genotype, cycling time decreased by 4.8% at 2 mg·kg−1 (17.0 ± 0.3 vs 17.8 ± 0.4 min, P = 0.0005) and by 6.8% at 4 mg·kg−1 (16.6 ± 0.3 vs 17.8 ± 0.4 min, P < 0.0001). In those with the CC genotype, 4 mg·kg−1 increased cycling time by 13.7% versus placebo (20.8 ± 0.8 vs 18.3 ± 0.5 min, P = 0.04). No effects were observed among those with the AC genotype.

Conclusion

Our findings show that both 2 and 4 mg·kg−1 caffeine improve 10-km cycling time, but only in those with the AA genotype. Caffeine had no effect in those with the AC genotype and diminished performance at 4 mg·kg−1 in those with the CC genotype. CYP1A2 genotype should be considered when deciding whether an athlete should use caffeine for enhancing endurance performance.
Endovascular Embolization of Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Patient with Solitary Kidney
Authors: Kuklik Ewa , Światłowski Łukasz , Sojka Michał , Szczerbo-Trojanowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2018

Background: Kidney tumors account for about 3% of tumors in adults. The primary therapy of renal cancer is the surgical removal. Traditionally, and also modern procedures are performed to remove the kidneys, especially when the tumor involves the entire kidney. In the cases of unresectable tumors embolization is used as a palliative procedure.

Case Report: The aim of this study is to present the case of endovascular treatment of renal cell carcinoma in patient with solitary kidney. 77-years old patient had an ultrasound examination because of the pain in left lumbar region. MRI confirmed the presence of tumor size 29×45 mm in the left kidney. The right kidney had been removed eight years earlier because of clear cell carcinoma. Histopathological diagnosis was renal clear cell carinoma. The patient did not consent to surgical treatment. Tumor embolization was proceeded as a minimally invasive procedure. Pathological tumor vessels were closed using particles filling the entire vascular tumor. Next, the blood vessels supplying the tumor were closed using a mixture of lipiodolu and glubranu. Control angiographiy of the left renal artery confirmed the effective closure of all vascular pathology. In a recent ultrasound examination which was done 15 months after surgery no evidence of vascular pathology was found.

Conclusions: Embolization of kidney cancer in particular cases may be an alternative way of treatment and give a good result in the form of stopping the growth of the tumor with simultaneous retaining the remaining parenchyma and renal function.
Sonographic Appearance of Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumour in a Patient with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Deshpande Saurabh S. , Shetty Devdas , Saifi Shenaz
Published: March 2018

Background: Testicular adrenal rest tumours (TARTs) are benign testicular masses that are found in inadequately treated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Recognizing this association and identifying characteristic ultrasound features of TARTs is important so as to avoid misdiagnosing them as malignancies, which can lead to unnecessary interventions.

Case Report: We describe a case of a 9-year-old boy, with a diagnosis of CAH and precocious puberty, who was referred to our department for an ultrasound evaluation of the abdomen and scrotum. On ultrasound, there were well-defined, heterogeneous, predominantly hypoechoic, round-to- oval masses in both testes. Taking into account the presence of CAH and a typical sonographic appearance of bilateral testicular masses, a diagnosis of testicular adrenal rest tumour was made; biopsy was deferred and hormonal treatment was modified.

Conclusions: Prompt diagnosis of testicular adrenal rest tumours is essential, as it only indicates inadequate hormonal control. Moreover, it can prevent unnecessary biopsies and orchidectomies, and can maintain fertility. TARTs have a typical imaging appearance that every radiologist must be aware of.
Structural Variations in Parotid Glands Induced by Radiation Therapy in Patients with Oral Carcinoma Observed on Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography
Authors: Ogura Ichiro , Sasaki Yoshihiko , Oda Takaaki , Sue Mikiko , Yamaguchi Haruka , Kameta Ayako , Hayama Kazuhide , Tsuchimochi Makoto
Published: March 2018

Background: Xerostomia is one of the commonest radiation-induced complications in patients with head and neck carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess structural variations in parotid glands induced by radiation therapy in patients with oral carcinoma with contras-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).

Material/Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 41 patients with oral carcinoma who underwent CECT for head and neck malignancies before and after radiotherapy. We analyzed the relationship between parotid density variations, parotid volume change, as seen on CECT, and the mean radiation dose applied to the parotid glands in patients with oral carcinoma immediately after radiotherapy, and 2 and 3 years later.

Results: Immediately after radiotherapy, high-density changes on contrast-enhanced CT were observed in 70.5% of the irradiated parotids. Low-density changes due to fat degeneration were seen in 46.2% and 72.2% of the irradiated parotids 2 and 3 years after radiotherapy, respectively. The mean dose applied to the parotids with the low-density changes and without such changes 3 years after radiotherapy was 46.0 Gy and 27.7 Gy, respectively (p=0.049). Furthermore, parotid shrinkage was observed in 63.6% of the irradiated parotids.

Conclusions: This study suggests that the structural variations in parotid glands induced by radiotherapy included high-density changes that were observed immediately after radiotherapy and low- density changes that were seen at late follow-up. This study should be useful for clinicians in the assessment of radiation-induced injuries in the parotids with respect to early prediction of xerostomia.
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Color Doppler Ultrasound in Evaluation of Partial Testicular Torsion in Rat Model
Authors: Ufuk Furkan , Herek Duygu , Herek Özkan , Akbulut Metin
Published: March 2018

Background: To evaluate the utility of histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the diagnosis of incomplete testicular torsion.

Material/Methods: Fourteen Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into two groups. In group 1 (control), left testicles were kept outside for 45 seconds and then replaced, whereas left testicles were twisted by 360° in group 2. Four hours later, DWI was performed. After that, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and testicular color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) were performed by two radiologists who looked for the presence or absence of blood flow. ADC measurements were carried out by two radiologists who were blinded to each other’s measurements. After CDU, testes were surgically removed and a pathological examination was performed after four hours of torsion. Comparisons of minimum, mean, and maximum ADC values in testicles were performed with the Wilcoxon test. P value of 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant. Inter-observer agreement was also analyzed.

Results: In the torsion group, minimum ADC values for left testicles were significantly lower than for the control group (p<0.05), regardless of the observer. Inter-observer agreement for measurements of ADCmin and ADCmax values was substantial, with an ICC score of 0.751 and 0.774, respectively (95% CI). Inter-observer agreement for the measurement of ADCmean value was excellent, with an ICC score of 0.844 (95% CI). The pathological examination revealed mild interstitial edema and closely packed seminiferous tubules in the left testes, indicating reversible damage in the torsion group.

Conclusions: On the pathological examination, all left testes in the torsion group were recoverable after four hours of torsion. Minimum ADC values can be used as an auxiliary method in the diagnosis of partial testicular torsion. Comparing minimum ADC values between the affected and non-affected testicles can be a useful tool in the early diagnosis of incomplete testicular torsion.
Internal Mammary Artery Anastomoses in Patients without Breast Lesions (BIRADS 1) and in Patients with Malignant Breast Lesions (BIRADS 6) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Arslan Gozde , Celik Levent , Cubuk Rahmi , Atasoy Mehmet Mahir
Published: March 2018

Background: We aimed to compare the frequency of IMA (internal mammarian artery) anastomoses in right and left breasts in patients without breast lesions and in patients with malignant breast lesions.

Material/Methods: A total of 100 patients with no breast lesions and a total of 100 patients with malignant breast lesions were included in the study. The anastomoses of IMA of right and left breasts were evaluated on MIP and post-contrast T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. Breast MRI scans were read by a radiologist.

Results: In patients with no breast lesions, IMA anastomoses were found in 45% of cases, and in patients with malignant breast lesions, IMA anastomoses were found in 58% cases. In four patients with malignant lesions, ipsilateral IMA was rudimentary, and the lesion was feeding from the contralateral IMA.

Conclusions: No statistically significant difference was found between patients without any breast lesions and patients with malignant breast lesions with respect to the frequency of IMA anastomoses in right and left breasts. The frequencies were higher than expected in both groups.
Evaluation of Alterations in Tumor Tissue of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) in Computed Tomography Following Treatment with Imatinib
Authors: Werewka-Maczuga Agnieszka , Stępień Monika , Urbanik Andrzej
Published: March 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations in the neoplastic tissue of GIST following Imatinib treatment.

Material/Methods: CT studies of 14 patients with inoperable primary tumors and 56 patients with metastatic and recurrent disease after chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. The following alterations in features of primary and secondary tumors were analyzed: dimension, degree and type of contrast enhancement, outlines of lesions, presence of intratumoral bleeding, presence of calcifications.

Results: In the analyzed group of primary, metastatic and recurrent tumors after treatment with Imatinib in most cases a decrease in size and contrast enhancement were observed; the outlines of lesions became well circumscribed. Following the treatment, the number of tumors enhancing inhomogeneously decreased. In primary tumors the percentage of calcifications increased, whereas in metastatic tumors calcifications were observed only after treatment. There was no bleeding found within primary tumors after treatment. In metastatic disease, increased percentage of tumors with transient intratumoral bleeding was observed. There were also some unconventional CT images following treatment, such as: cystic transformation of lesions, enlargement of lesions, appearing of new lesions suggesting progression of the disease, stationary dimensions of lesions during local progression of the disease, simultaneous decrease and increase in size of metastatic lesions or appearance of new ones.

Conclusions: Right from the start of Imatinib therapy in inoperable and disseminated GIST patients, specific CT images, not seen during conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, were observed.
Multiple Brain Abscesses Caused by Citrobacter Koseri in a Preterm Neonate – Case Report
Authors: Lechowicz Miłosz , Dąbek Katarzyna , Majewska Urszula , Bekesińska-Figatowska Monika , Borszewska-Kornacka Maria K. , Bokiniec Renata
Published: March 2018

Background: Brain abscesses are very rarely diagnosed in neonates, but if present, they are associated with a high risk of severe complications and mortality. In neonates, brain abscesses can be detected on transfontanelle ultrasonography, in which they appear as hyperechogenic lesions surrounded by a hypoechogenic border.

Case Report: We present a female neonate, born in the 28th week of gestation, with birth weight of 950 grams, who was born in an ambulance by spontaneous vaginal vertex delivery. No signs of infection were present until the 35th day of hospitalization, when a sudden and serious deterioration in the patient’s condition was observed due to late-onset sepsis. Cranial US, performed on the 40th day of life, revealed hyperechogenic lesions with a hypoechogenic halo in the right frontal lobe, which could correspond to brain abscesses. These lesions were caused by Citrobacter koseri septicaemia, identified by transfontanelle ultrasonography, and confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging. The patient recovered and was discharged on the 91th day of life (39 PCA) with a recommendation of permanent neurological surveillance.

Conclusions: Ultrasonography of the central nervous system can reveal inflammatory changes and developing brain abscesses. In neonates, magnetic resonance imaging should be performed as the method of choice for confirming brain abscesses.
Advances in understanding the molecular basis of skin fragility
Authors: Has Cristina
Published: March 2018

Skin fragility refers to a large group of conditions in which the ability of the skin to provide protection against trivial mechanical trauma is diminished, resulting in the formation of blisters, erosions, wounds, or scars. Acquired and physiological skin fragility is common; genetic disorders are rare but give insight into the molecular mechanisms ensuring skin stability. The paradigm is represented by inherited epidermolysis bullosa. This review is focused on recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of genetic skin fragility, including emerging concepts, controversies, unanswered questions, and opinions of the author. In spite of the advanced knowledge on the genetic causes of skin fragility, the molecular pathology is still expanding. Open questions in understanding the molecular basis of genetic skin fragility are the following: what are the causes of phenotypes which remain genetically unsolved, and what are the molecular modifiers which might explain phenotypic differences among individuals with similar mutations?  New mutational mechanisms and new genes have recently been discovered and are briefly described here. Comprehensive next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing improved mutation detection and facilitated the identification of the genetic basis of unclear and new phenotypes. Characterization of the biochemical and cell biological consequences of the genetic variants is challenging and laborious but may represent the basis for personalized therapeutic approaches. Molecular modifiers of skin fragility have been uncovered in particular animal and genetic models but not in larger cohorts of patients. This scientific progress is the basis for revisions of the epidermolysis bullosa classification and for innovative therapeutic approaches designed for this intractable condition.
Evaluation of predicted Medfly (Ceratitis capitata) quarantine length in the United States utilizing degree-day and agent-based models
Authors: Collier Travis , Manoukis Nicholas
Published: March 2018

Invasions by pest insects pose a significant threat to agriculture worldwide. In the case ofCeratitis capitataincursions on the US mainland, where it is not officially established, repeated detections are followed by quarantines and treatments to eliminate the invading population. However, it is difficult to accurately set quarantine duration because non-detection may not mean the pest is eliminated. Most programs extend quarantine lengths past the last fly detection by calculating the amount of time required for 3 generations to elapse under a thermal unit accumulation development model (“degree day”). A newer approach is to use an Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) to explicitly simulate population demographics and elimination. Here, predicted quarantine lengths for 11 sites in the continental United States are evaluated using both approaches. Results indicate a strong seasonality in quarantine length, with longer predictions in the second half of the year compared with the first; this pattern is more extreme in degree day predictions compared with ABS. Geographically, quarantine lengths increased with latitude, though this was less pronounced under the ABS. Variation in quarantine lengths for particular times and places was dramatically larger for degree day than ABS, generally spiking in the middle of the year for degree day and peaking in second half of the year for ABS. Analysis of 34C. capitataquarantines from 1975 to 2017 in California shows that, for all but two, quarantines were started in the second half of the year, when degree day quarantine lengths are longest and have the highest uncertainty. For a set of hypothetical outbreaks based on these historical quarantines, the ABS produced significantly shorter quarantines than degree day calculations. Overall, ABS quarantine lengths were more consistent than degree day predictions, avoided unrealistically long values, and captured effects of rare events such as cold snaps.
Seqfam: A python package for analysis of Next Generation Sequencing DNA data in families
Authors: Frampton Matthew , Schiff Elena R. , Pontikos Nikolas , Segal Anthony W. , Levine Adam P.
Published: March 2018

This article introduces seqfam, a python package which is primarily designed for analysing next generation sequencing (NGS) DNA data from families with known pedigree information in order to identify rare variants that are potentially causal of a disease/trait of interest. It uses the popular and versatile Pandas library, and can be straightforwardly integrated into existing analysis code/pipelines. Seqfam can be used to verify pedigree information, to perform Monte Carlo gene dropping, to undertake regression-based gene burden testing, and to identify variants which segregate by affection status in families via user-defined pattern of occurrence rules. Additionally, it can generate scripts for running analyses in a “MapReduce pattern” on a computer cluster, something which is usually desirable in NGS data analysis and indeed “big data” analysis in general.

This article summarises how seqfam’s main user functions work and motivates their use. It also provides explanatory context for example scripts and data included in the package which demonstrate use cases. With respect to verifying pedigree information, software exists for efficiently calculating kinship coefficients, so seqfam performs the necessary extra steps of mapping pedigrees and kinship coefficients to expected and observed degrees of relationship respectively. Gene dropping and the application of variant pattern of occurrence rules in families can provide evidence for a variant being causal. The authors are unaware of other software which performs these tasks in familial cohorts, so seqfam fulfils this need. Gene burden rather than single marker tests are often used to detect rare causal variants due to greater power. Seqfam may be an attractive alternative to existing gene burden testing software due to its flexibility, particularly in grouping and aggregating variants.
Phylogenetic relationships and generic reassessment of Proustia and allies (Compositae: Nassauvieae)
Authors: Sancho Gisela , Katinas Liliana , Viera Barreto Jessica N. , Moreira-Muñoz Andrés , Luebert Federico
Published: March 2018

Proustia is a small southern Andean genus of shrubs, vines and small trees, which are characteristic elements of Chilean and Argentine Andean forests, thickets and desert scrubs. Since Proustia possesses an unusual and characteristic morphology within the Nassauvieae, its circumscription as well as its phylogenetic placement is decisive in understanding the evolution of the tribe. Berylsimpsonia, from the Caribbean, was segregated from Proustia, which currently only includes three species. Lophopappus, another Andean genus, has been closely related to Proustia in sharing style and corolla features that are unusual in the Nassauvieae. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the placement of Proustia within the Nassauvieae, its relationships with Berylsimpsonia and Lophopappus, and the relationships of its species using molecular data and phylogenetic methods. This is the first comprehensive analysis of Proustia. We have included in our study the three currently accepted species of Proustia and seven of its ten infraspecific taxa. For each taxon of Proustia, one to seven accessions were analyzed. Species of Lophopappus and Berylsimpsonia, as well as 16 species belonging to 13 genera of Nassauvieae were also analyzed. We sequenced the nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS, and the plastid regions ndhF, 5’ trnK–matK, trnL–trnF, and trnL(UAG)–rpl32. Unlike other previous studies, Proustia is not sister to the rest but nested in the tribe in our analyses. Berylsimpsonia vanillosma and P. ilicifolia are distantly related to P. pyrifolia, the type of the genus. According to nuclear DNA data, the infraspecific taxa of P. cuneifolia were recovered all in a well–supported clade, although based on the plastid data P. pyrifolia does not form a lineage separate from P. cuneifolia. Lophopappus is the genus most closely related to Proustia. Regarding the evolution of styles, our results suggest multiple origins of atypical stylar features in the Nassauvieae. As a result of our analyses we propose the segregation of Proustia ilicifolia into the new genus Spinoliva. Morphological data are consistent with the segregation of Proustia and Lophopappus as separate genera. Two species of Proustia, P. cuneifolia and P. pyrifolia are recognized. Three lectotypifications, one neotypification, two new combinations and five rank changes are proposed.
Ways of understanding of religious delusions associated with a change of identity on the example of identification with Jesus Christ
Authors: Dyga Krzysztof , Stupak Radosław
Published: March 2018

Identyfikacja z Chrystusem wśród pacjentów psychiatrycznych stanowi przykład złożonego i wieloaspektowego fenomenu. Jako urojenie zawiera w sobie błędną identyfikację (zmianę tożsamości) w warstwie treściowej oraz, najczęściej, wielkościowość lub/i paranoidalność w warstwie formalnej. Co więcej, wpisuje się ono w kategorię urojeń religijnych, które stanowią bodaj najbardziej kontrowersyjny rodzaj urojeń i jako takie wymagają szczególnej wrażliwości, jak również wiedzy wychodzącej poza psychologiczną czy psychiatryczną.Cel artykułu stanowi ukazanie fenomenu identifykacji z Chrystusem wśród pacjentów psychiatrycznych, biorąc pod uwagę różne sposoby jego wyjaśniania i rozumienia. Analizie poddano odnoszące się do tematu teksty znalezione w bazie EBSCO, zawierające zarówno rozważania teoretyczne, jak i studia przypadków. Wyszukując artykuły posłużono się następującymi słowami kluczowymi: tożsamość, identyfikacja, urojenie, Jesus/Chrystus/Mesjasz, psychoza, schizofrenia. W analizie uwzględnione wszystkie, nieliczne zresztą teksty, poza jednym, związanym z podejściem poznawczym i nie wnoszącym wiele do problematyki. Biorąc pod uwagę wielość sposobów wyjaśniania i rozumienia doświadczenia identyfikacji z postacią Mesjasza, błędem jest zarówno obiektywistyczna, jak i jednostronna, oparta na jednej teorii, postawa wobec niego. Doświadczenie takie powinno być ujmowane w kontekście historii życia pacjenta oraz możliwych mechanizmów prowadzących do jego wystąpienia, jak również znaczeń ukrytych pod warstwą symptomu. Ważna jest przy tym szczegółowa orientacja w systemie wierzeń religijnych i potrzeb duchowych pacjenta.
AS TEORIAS EM MOVIMENTO E A CONVERSA COMO METODOLOGIA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORAS
Authors: Pérez Carmen Lúcia Vidal , Silvestri Monica Ledo
Published: March 2018

Juntam-se nesse texto fragmentos de nossas reflexões sobre formação docente em meio à criação de uma revista eletrônica. O trabalho se dá em escolas públicas de Niterói, com alunas de pedagogia, professoras e crianças participantes do PIBID. Nossa realidade hibrida, impossível de capturar e vincular a qualquer modelo nos permitiu assinalar o cotidiano e suas contradições como condição epistemológica de formação. Exercício de resistência, de estranhamento das formas e assepsias tecnocráticas, cujos caminhos são produção do grupo envolvido; fraturam a relação teoria pratica, apontam como princípio a formação de professoras pesquisadoras de suas práticas e afirmam o pressuposto de que toda aprendizagem é processo de descoberta, portanto, imprevisível e incontrolável.
Use of photograph-based telemedicine in postoperative wound assessment to diagnose or exclude surgical site infection
Authors: Totty Joshua P. , Harwood Amy E. , Wallace Tom , Smith George E. , Chetter Ian C.
Published: March 2018

Objective:

This study aims to assess whether a clinician reviewing photographs of a wound was an acceptable substitute for clinical review in order to identify or exclude surgical site infection (SSI).

Method:

We undertook a mixed methods study consisting of a qualitative public involvement exercise and a prospective, non-randomised, single-centre study of patients undergoing clean or clean-contaminated vascular surgery. For the qualitative study, two semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted. For the prospective study, patients were invited to attend a wound review at 5–7 days and 30 days postoperatively. At review, wounds were scored by a study nurse or doctor, according to the ASEPSIS scale. Anonymised wound photographs were taken and independently reviewed, and ASEPSIS scored by two independent investigators blinded to the original ‘clinical review’ ASEPSIS score.

Results:

In the qualitative study, three female patients were interviewed across two dates. Emerging themes included the burden of SSI, hospital follow-up and telemedical follow-up. A total of 37 patients with a mean age of 61.14 years were included in the quantitative analysis. There was a total of 53 wound reviews. There was >85% agreement between photograph and clinical reviewers in all categories except erythema. The specificity of photograph review for diagnosis of SSI was 90%. The intraclass correlation coefficient for total ASEPSIS score was R=0.806 (95% CI 0.694, 0.881), indicating strong reliability between reviewers.

Conclusion:

Our data shows that, in the assessment of SSI, there is good correlation between face-to-face clinical and remote photographic review. Incorporating this method of wound assessment into a postoperative follow-up care pathway may save patients and clinicians from unnecessary hospital visits, particularly when conducting health research.
Using negative pressure wound therapy to prevent surgical site infection
Authors: Jeffery Steven , Leaper David , Armstrong David , Lantis John
Published: March 2018

It is estimated that, at the very least, 5% of patients who undergo surgery develop a surgical site infection (SSI). There has been much interest in the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) as a prophylactic treatment to reduce the risk of SSI. Evidence suggests it can accelerate healing times, reduce both the length of hospital stay and the frequency of dressing changes, and improve patients' quality of life. The efficacy of traditional and portable NPWT systems is similar. However, the latter has an advantage in that it increases patient mobility and does not hinder individuals from carrying out activities of daily living. There are also economic data suggesting that portable NPWT devices are associated with long-term cost savings
A Life-Cycle Assessment of Forest Resources of the Pacific Northwest, USA*
Authors: Oneil Elaine , Puettmann Maureen E.
Published: March 2018

Life-cycle inventory (LCI) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) were used to provide quantitative assessments of the environmental impacts of forest management activities that are required to produce feedstock for wood products such as lumber, engineered panels, and pulp. Primary and secondary data were gathered for the Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir region of the United States to produce an attributional LCA that includes planting, growing, and harvesting trees that are destined for use in wood manufacturing. Using the Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts (TRACI) method, under average management conditions, forest operations can expect to generate from 10 to 18 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2 eq) per cubic meter (m3) of logs ready to leave the landing for the manufacturing facility, depending on the amount of forest residues that are piled and burned. This same cubic meter of log plus bark will have sequestered 960 kg CO2 eq during its growth cycle, for a net greenhouse gas sink of 942 to 950 kg CO2 eq per m3. Forest management impacts are from 1 to 13 percent of the total impacts from the cradle to gate for global warming potential and the potential to increase smog, eutrophication, and acidification. Upstream impacts associated with the production of herbicides are reflected in the ozone potential impact category. These LCA results can be used as upstream processes for wood manufacturers interested in developing Environmental Product Declarations for products that use these resources as inputs.
‘I pledge you!’: Disability, monstrosity and sacrifice in Wytches
Authors: Diamond Aidan Dubhain
Published: March 2018

In the introduction to Freakery (1996), editor and disabilities scholar, Rosemarie Garland Thomson, charts a shift in the West’s cultural perception of and relation to ‘freaks’, arguing that the extraordinary body once viewed with wonder became, over the course of the nineteenth century, a site of error. Michel Foucault ([1984] 2010) identifies the same trend on a broader scale, demonstrating that during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, certain populations – the mad, the criminal, the impoverished, the queer – were rewritten as a social disease blighting normative society. This social equation endures to this day; one has only to scan recent blockbusters to identify the monstrous body as evil, the deformed body as deficient and expendable and, by contrast, the able body as the practically un-killable hero. In this context, the thematic achievement of Scott Snyder et al.’s Wytches (2015) is notable for its refusal to adhere to this equation, and further for its articulation of a positive alternative to it. Wytches, a Gothic horror from the first page, inverts the Victorian equation of horror with madness and monstrosity. While the comic’s eponymous antagonists are unquestionably monstrous, inhuman, and child-eating to boot, they are easily escaped and mainly act in response to the vile, selfish morality of the townsfolk they neighbour. This article first reviews theories of difference and othering as articulated by Rosemarie Garland Thomson and Michel Foucault, and expands understandings of ‘freakery’ and difference to include not just the corporeal but also the mental via Foucault, Sigmund Freud, Julia Kristeva, Max Nordau and Roy Porter. It then argues that Wytches’ monstrous use of normative bodies against the dedicated rescue of its neuroatypical protagonist by abled and disabled characters alike, subtly and compellingly re-inscribing the freaked body not only as a heroic body but as a wondrous one, and argues fiercely against the long-standing social equation of difference and innate evil.
Aquisición y donación en los museos de arte contemporáneo. Síntomas y certezas en el sistema vigente de Arte.
Authors: Rotaeche González de Ubieta Mikel Imanol
Published: March 2018

La sociedad percibe al museo como una institución neutral, positiva y beneficiosa. Un espacio ordenado y reglamentado en el que encontrar la verdad objetiva y científica sobre la materia que aborda. En el caso del arte contemporáneo ocurre igual, el público acude al museo para comprender qué es el Arte en la actualidad con un relato «objetivo». Sin embargo, musealizar lo contemporáneo es una aporía y es precisamente por este conflicto que estos museos una grave tendencia a la tergiversación, en la adquisición y el depósito de obras, que lleva a la corrupción. Este artículo pretende abrir el debate para poder identificar estas prácticas y crear un espacio de reflexión que pueda aportar las soluciones necesarias entre todos lo involucrados.
De lo político en la acción: Un diálogo con Esther Ferrer
Authors: Luna Delgado Diego
Published: March 2018

Se plantean una serie de reflexiones sobre la actualidad del potencial político del arte suscitadas en una conversación mantenida con la artista Esther Ferrer. A partir de un uso de este material como fuente documental privilegiada, se propone una comparativa entre, por un lado, algunas de las circunstancias y fenómenos que caracterizaron el contexto cultural franquista y, por otro, las nuevas formas de concebir el binomio arte-política y la lucha social.
Gorbeialdeko Hondakinen Partzuergoak kudeatutako hiri-hondakin solidoen errefusaren karakterizazioa
Authors: Zuazagoitia Daniel , Rojo Naiara , Santaolalla Arrate , Zuazagoitia Iñigo
Published: March 2018

Ikerketa-lan honetan Arabako Gorbeialdeako Hondakinen Partzuergoak kudeatzen dituen hiri-hondakin solidoen (HHSen) errefusa frakzioa karakterizatzeko proposaturiko metodologia eta lorturiko emaitza nagusiak jaso dira. Aztertu diren laginak osatzeko, bilketa kamioiek egin beharreko ibilbideak diseinatu dira, eta horretarako aldagai orokor bi kontuan hartu dira: sasoia (negua eta uda) eta etxebizitza-mota (herrialdea, baserrialdea eta txaletak). Egindako analisiek adierazi dute bi aldagai horiek eragina dutela errefusa frakzioaren konposizioan, eta batez ere errefusa osatzen duten bi frakzio nagusietan: materia organikoa eta bestelako hondakinak. Nabarmentzekoa da errefus masa totalaren %65 (gutxi gorabehera) birzikla edota berrerabil daitezkeen materialek osatzen dutela. Oro har, aztertutako lagin guztiek hobetzeko hein zabala dute materia organikoaren bilketa selektiboan.
El ciclo de la cucaracha. Sobre Matière Grise, biopolítica y el genocidio ruandés
Authors: Zylberman Lior
Published: March 2018

En la obra Bíos, Roberto Esposito culmina el camino iniciado en sus trabajos anteriores en los cuales define y analiza el paradigma inmunitario y lo hace concentrándose en la relación entre inmunización y genocidio al detenerse a estudiar el nazismo. A partir de las ideas expresadas por el filósofo italiano en torno al genocidio perpetrado por los nazis, nos preguntamos cómo pensar este paradigma en otro caso de genocidio. Mediante el análisis del largometraje Matière Grise de Kivu Ruhorahoza de 2011, nos proponemos estudiar la lógica inmunológica subyacente en el genocidio ruandés sucedido en 1994. En la película, encontramos que la violación sexual como motivo narrativo-visual aparece tres veces: la primera, en forma de evocación; la segunda, en forma metafórica; la tercera, en forma realista. Nuestro recorrido trata, entonces, de responder por qué la violación ocupa ese lugar primordial en la película, y al hacerlo veremos cómo encuadrar esta acción en el marco del paradigma inmunitario.
Manes si saperent... Referentes reales y metafóricos del término Manes en la epigrafía de Hispania
Authors: Tantimonaco Silvia
Published: March 2018

Ofrecemos en el presente artículo un análisis pormenorizado de las menciones de los Manes en las inscripciones de la Península Ibérica, excluyendo las dedicaciones Dis Manibus (sacrum), que son muy típicas de la epigrafía funeraria de todo el Imperio, y serán tratadas solo de forma muy general. Nuestro objetivo es doble: por un lado, definir mejor los referentes del término, profundizando así en el conocimiento de los Manes como seres del post mortem; por el otro, investigar sobre las modalidades y los tiempos de recepción y adopción de su culto en la provincia de Hispania.
Datos preliminares del hallazgo de una sepultura humana del Holoceno Antiguo en el área de Zug (Tiris, Sahara Occidental)
Authors: Sáenz de Buruaga Andoni
Published: March 2018

Se presenta el hallazgo de un esqueleto humano, parcialmente expuesto en superficie, documentado en el fondo de una sebja interdunar situada en el erg de Azefal, en el extremo SE del Sahara Occidental. Su posición secuencial en un antiguo depósito estratigráfico y la datación absoluta de un pequeño fragmento óseo del individuo inhumado, precisan su cronología en una fase avanzada del Holoceno antiguo, concretamente a mediados del IX milenio calB.P. El dato conlleva una alta relevancia científica pues, en el momento actual de la investigación, constituye la referencia antropológica y sepulcral más antigua del Holoceno del Occidente del Sahara.
EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC POWER GENERATOR UNDER DC ARC PLASMA
Authors: Ayeleso Ayokunle Oluwaseun
Published: March 2018

The generation of electric power through the conventional systems (thermal and hydroelectric) is no longer sufficient to meet the increasing industrial and commercial usage. Therefore, an alternative energy conversion system is currently being sought. The aim of the presented study is to develop a direct energy conversion system (Magnetohydrodynamics, MHD generator) to generate electric power using plasma. Additionally, the generator electric response is investigated based on the Faraday’s principle of electromagnetism and fluid dynamics. For this purpose, a rectangular MHD generator prototype with segmented electrodes was constructed and subjected to continuous plasma from a DC arc source at test facilities available in the Western Cape region (South Africa). Subsequently, the terminal voltages at the middle-electrodes were measured one after another across 1, 100 and 470 Ω load resistors. In all experiments, the absolute time-averages of the measured terminal voltage across each load resistor were similar, which indicates a generation of power. The maximum power of the order 0.203mW was obtained when 1 Ω resistor was connected to the middle-electrodes. Conclusively, these results validate the measurement approach of the MHD generator with segmented electrodes and could be used to design a large MHD unit that can be incorporated to the existing conventional thermal plant to improve their cyclic thermal efficiency.
Plant extract activities as antioxidant and antibiofilm against chicken gut bacteria
Authors: Gracia Erika , Magdalena S. , Wina Elizabeth , Sinurat Arnold P. , Purwadaria Tresnawati
Published: March 2018

The occurrence of microbial resistance against antibiotic due to the subtherapeutic dosage of antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in poultry can be prevented by the antibiofilm substance. Plant secondary compounds have some activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm. This research was conducted to obtain the plant with the highest activity of antibiofilm and also antioxidant by analyzing several plant secondary compounds as antioxidant and antibiofilm against chicken’s gut bacteria. The tested plants were clove leaves, leaffruit plants, mangosteen peel, cashew nut shell, guava leaves, and bay leaves. These plants were extracted with methanol or n-hexane using sonication method. The antioxidant activity as the IC50 value of the plant methanol extracts were determined using α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The biofilm inhibition activity was tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 29213TM using methanol and n-hexane extracts. All of the samples had antioxidant activity. The clove leaves and leaffruit plants had the highest antioxidant activity, while mangosteen peel extract in methanol had the highest antibiofilm activity against all tested bacteria. The species of bacteria also affected the antibiofilm activity. E. coli and S. enteritidis were more resistant to antibiofilm then S. aureus. Mangosteen peel extract which showed high antioxidant and antibiofilm activity is potential to be used as a feed additive to control the pathogenic bacteria.
Perspective on the Production Availability of Animal Protein Source from Livestock in Indonesia
Authors: Priyono Priyono , Priyanti Atien
Published: March 2018

Human Development Index (HDI) is used to measure overall performance where Indonesia's HDI is ranked 110 out of 187 countries with an index value of 0.684 in 2015. Consumption of animal protein has a relationship with life expectancy and quality of life which determines by the HDI performance. The paper describes on perspective development of animal protein source from livestock in Indonesia. The production development of animal protein source in overall (meat, eggs, and milk) had a positive growth during the period of 1994-2015 with the range of 1-6%/year, except that for buffalo meat production that decreased by 1.77%/year. The animal protein availability of meat was dominated by broiler production, followed by beef, mutton and others. The broiler meat production has the highest growth rate of 6.67%/year. Meanwhile, the animal protein source of non-meat production was dominated by eggs and milk production that its growth rate were 5.98 and 4.29%/year, respectively. In the same period, the meat production share was dominated by poultry meat, the rest derived from large ruminant, small ruminant, and other meat sources. Egg and milk production share also increased significantly during the period and share availability of beef production was less than 25% where its consumer participation was decreased. This indicates that beef is not a primary consumption for the majority people of Indonesia. Development program is needed to encourage an increase of the protein source from poultry meat, large ruminants, small ruminants, and milk.