bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Factors that Influence Decision-Making Regarding Trauma-Related Pain in Adolescents with Temporomandibular Disorder
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Lee Kyung Mi , Kim Tae , Hong Jung-Pyo
Published: December 2019

We evaluated the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and psychological characteristics of adolescents with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and compared facial macrotrauma effects between young and older adolescents. This case–control study included 70 randomly selected patients (35 young adolescents aged 12–16 years and 35 older adolescents aged 17–19 years) who had been diagnosed with TMD. Each age group was further subdivided according to the presence (T1) or absence (T0) of a macrotrauma history. All patients completed questionnaires on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and dysfunction. We analyzed TMD severity symptoms using TMD-related indexes and the physical changes of TMJ using TMJ MR images. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised was used to evaluate the patients’ psychological status. Anterior disc displacement was the most frequently observed MRI finding, occurring in a significant proportion of young (47 joints, 67.1%) and older adolescents (40 joints, 57.1%). The prevalence of all the MRI findings (disc displacement, disc deformity, condylar degeneration, and effusion) did not differ between the T0 and T1 subgroups among young and older adolescents. Conversely, the psychological factors differed significantly between the subgroups. Among young adolescents, the mean scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsiveness, hostility, phobic ideation, and psychosis were significantly higher in the T1 subgroup than in the T0 subgroup (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, these increased psychological scores positively correlated with TMD indexes. Clinicians should consider that a weakened psychological status could be an aggravating factor in young adolescents with TMD and should consider the implications in future assessment of such patients.
Ambiguity Processing Bias Induced by Depressed Mood Is Associated with Diminished Pleasantness
Authors: Lin Xiao-Xiao , Sun Ya-Bin , Wang Yu-Zheng , Fan Lu , Wang Xin , Wang Ning , Luo Fei , Wang Jin-Yan
Published: December 2019

Depressed individuals are biased to perceive, interpret, and judge ambiguous cues in a negative/pessimistic manner. Depressed mood can induce and exacerbate these biases, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We theorize that depressed mood can bias ambiguity processing by altering one’s subjective emotional feelings (e.g. pleasantness/unpleasantness) of the cues. This is because when there is limited objective information, individuals often rely on subjective feelings as a source of information for cognitive processing. To test this theory, three groups (induced depression vs. spontaneous depression vs. neutral) were tested in the Judgement Bias Task (JBT), a behavioral assay of ambiguity processing bias. Subjective pleasantness/unpleasantness of cues was measured by facial electromyography (EMG) from the zygomaticus major (ZM, “smiling”) and from the corrugator supercilii (CS, “frowning”) muscles. As predicted, induced sad mood (vs. neutral mood) yielded a negative bias with a magnitude comparable to that in a spontaneous depressed mood. The facial EMG data indicates that the negative judgement bias induced by depressed mood was associated with a decrease in ZM reactivity (i.e., diminished perceived pleasantness of cues). Our results suggest that depressed mood may bias ambiguity processing by affecting the reward system.
Macrophage Mannose Receptor CD206 Predicts Prognosis in Community-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Tsuchiya Kazuo , Suzuki Yuzo , Yoshimura Katsuhiro , Yasui Hideki , Karayama Masato , Hozumi Hironao , Furuhashi Kazuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Yokomura Koushi , Suda Takafumi
Published: December 2019

CD206, a mannose receptor, is mainly expressed on the surface of alternatively activated macrophages where it acts as a pattern recognition receptor and plays a role in innate and adaptive immunity. This study investigated serum soluble CD206 (sCD206) levels in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and examined their clinical significance. sCD206 concentrations were measured in the sera of two independent cohorts with CAP (127 and 125 patients, respectively) and 42 controls. The expression of CD206 in the lung from autopsied cases was also examined. Patients with CAP showed significantly elevated sCD206 levels than did the controls (p < 0.0001). Notably, fatal CAP patients had more than two-fold higher sCD206 concentrations than survivors in both cohorts (p < 0.0001). Serum sCD206 concentrations were associated with Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and CURB-65 values. Importantly, even fatal CAP patients classified as PSI I-IV, CURB65 0–2 or age <75 years had comparatively higher levels of sCD206 than those classified as PSI V, CURB-65 3–5 or age ≥75 years. Immunohistochemically, the infiltration of CD206+ macrophages was found in the lungs of fatal cases. Elevated levels of sCD206 are associated with CAP prognosis, suggesting sCD206 might be a potential biomarker to predict severity for CAP.
4D-printed hybrids with localized shape memory behaviour: Implementation in a functionally graded structure
Authors: Sun Yu-Chen , Wan Yimei , Nam Ryan , Chu Marco , Naguib Hani E.
Published: December 2019

4D-printed materials are an emerging field of research because the physical structure of these novel materials respond to environmental changes. 3D printing techniques have been employed to print a base material with shape memory properties. Geometrical deformations can be observed once an external stimulus triggers the shape memory effect (SME) integrated into the material. The plasticizing effect is a well-known phenomenon where the microscopic polymer chain movements have been altered and reflected in different shape memory behaviour. It has been suggested that a 4D material with localized actuation behaviour can be fabricated by utilizing functionally graded layers made from different degrees of plasticizing. This study demonstrated that a novel 4D material can be fabricated from material extraction continuous printing technique with different loadings of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) plasticize, achieving localized thermal recovery. The results indicate that a plasticized functional layer is an effective technique for creating next generation 4D materials.
New sparse implantation technique of I-125 low-dose-rate brachytherapy using concomitant short-term hormonal treatment for low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer: An initial study of therapeutic feasibility
Authors: Yu Young Dong , Oh Jong Jin , Shin Hyun Soo , Park Dong Soo
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes and post-implantation complications of the concurrent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with I-125 low-dose-rate (LDR)-prostate brachytherapy (sparse implantation technique: SIT) in comparison with the conventional non-ADT using whole gland brachytherapy (CWT). 302 localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients were treated with CWT (implantation dose: 145 Gy) and 215 patients were treated with SIT, which applied reduced implantation dose of 123.5 Gy. SIT group had ADT consisting of bicalutamide 50 mg/day plus 3-month depot (11.25 mg) of leuprolide acetate subcutaneously on the post-implantation day-0. Post-implantation complications and biochemical-recurrence-free-survival (BCRS) were compared between the two groups. After ADT, SIT group had 40.9% patients (40.9%) with prostate volume reduction between 20–30%. At 3-months post-implantation, SIT group presented significantly better IPSS than CWT group (p = 0.038). Both groups showed decrease in IIEF-5 score at 3-months post-implantation, but ST group showed significantly better mean IIEF-5 scores (13.5) than the CWT group (11.1) (p = 0.045). For 3-months post-implantation dosimetry, both groups showed no significant differences regarding D90 (CWT 156 Gy vs. SIT 152 Gy). CWT group had 3 patients with rectal toxicity ≥radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) grade 2 and 1 patient with urinary toxicity ≥RTOG grade 2 whereas SIT group had no patient with urinary or rectal toxicity ≥RTOG grade 2. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed no significant differences regarding PCSS were observed between the two groups (p = 0.350). The SIT group showed compatible oncological outcomes to the CWT and relatively smaller number of post-implantation complications within low- and intermediate-risk PCa patients.
ESR as a monitoring method of the interactions between TEMPO-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and yeast cells
Authors: Krzyminiewski Ryszard , Dobosz Bernadeta , Schroeder Grzegorz , Kurczewska Joanna
Published: December 2019

Potential application of magnetic nanoparticles as drug carriers in medical treatment requires prior determination of their effects on cells. In this work different spin labels and magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with spin labels as well as their interaction with yeast cells were investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) method. ESR was demonstrated to be a suitable method for monitoring of magnetic core and attached spin labels. Particular emphasis was placed on characterization of endocytosis and redox processes running inside the cell, resulting in recombination of spin labels. Such data could only be obtained at reduced temperature of ESR measurements.
Gut Dysbiosis with Minimal Enteritis Induced by High Temperature and Humidity
Authors: Chen Song , Zheng Yuhua , Zhou Yiqing , Guo Weizhong , Tang Qin , Rong Guangli , Hu Weiwei , Tang Jianbang , Luo Huanhuan
Published: December 2019

High temperature and humidity (HTH) can cause diarrhea owing to food and drinking water contamination. However, their direct effects on gut microbiota and gastrointestinal inflammation are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HTH and probiotics on the microbiome. Twenty-one male mice were randomly assigned to normal control (NC), HTH, and broad-spectrum probiotic-treated (PR) groups. HTH and PR groups were regularly housed at 30 ± 0.5 °C with humidity of 85–90% for eight consecutive weeks. A broad-spectrum probiotic was administrated to PR-group mice from day 50 to 56. Clinical signs were observed and gut microbiota were analyzed via 16 S rRNA-based functional metagenomics. Intestinal pathology and the expression of defensins and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also assessed. Mice in the HTH and PR groups gradually developed sticky or loose feces. The HTH group developed a distinct microbiota profile associated with augmented metabolism and human-like pathophysiologies upon suppression of environmental sensing. Pathological assays indicated minimal enteritis, increased bacterial translocation, and elevated intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Thus, ambient HTH directly contributes to gut dysbiosis and minimal enteritis, whereas probiotics partially normalized the microbiota and ameliorated gut inflammation. This study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of environment-associated diseases and offers a potential therapeutic approach.
Genome wide association study of 5 agronomic traits in olive (Olea europaea L.)
Authors: Kaya Hilal Betul , Akdemir Deniz , Lozano Roberto , Cetin Oznur , Sozer Kaya Hulya , Sahin Mustafa , Smith Jenny L. , Tanyolac Bahattin , Jannink Jean-Luc
Published: December 2019

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most economically and historically important fruit crops worldwide. Genetic progress for valuable agronomic traits has been slow in olive despite its importance and benefits. Advances in next generation sequencing technologies provide inexpensive and highly reproducible genotyping approaches such as Genotyping by Sequencing, enabling genome wide association study (GWAS). Here we present the first comprehensive GWAS study on olive using GBS. A total of 183 accessions (FULL panel) were genotyped using GBS, 94 from the Turkish Olive GenBank Resource (TOGR panel) and 89 from the USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR panel) in the USA. After filtering low quality and redundant markers, GWAS was conducted using 24,977 SNPs in FULL, TOGR and NCGR panels. In total, 52 significant associations were detected for leaf length, fruit weight, stone weight and fruit flesh to pit ratio using the MLM_K. Significant GWAS hits were mapped to their positions and 19 candidate genes were identified within a 10-kb distance of the most significant SNP. Our findings provide a framework for the development of markers and identification of candidate genes that could be used in olive breeding programs.
Computational holographic Maxwellian near-eye display with an expanded eyebox
Authors: Chang Chenliang , Cui Wei , Park Jongchan , Gao Liang
Published: December 2019

The Maxwellian near-eye displays have attracted growing interest in various applications. By using a confined pupil, a Maxwellian display presents an all-in-focus image to the viewer where the image formed on the retina is independent of the optical power of the eye. Despite being a promising technique, current Maxwellian near-eye displays suffer from various limitations such as a small eyebox, a bulky setup and a high cost. To overcome these drawbacks, we present a holographic Maxwellian near-eye display based on computational imaging. By encoding a complex wavefront into amplitude-only signals, we can readily display the computed histogram on a widely-accessible device such as a liquid-crystal or digital light processing display, creating an all-in-focus virtual image augmented on the real-world objects. Additionally, to expand the eyebox, we multiplex the hologram with multiple off-axis plane waves, duplicating the pupils into an array. The resultant method features a compact form factor because it requires only one active electronic component, lending credence to its wearable applications.
Improved survival after early detection of asymptomatic distant metastasis in patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Kim Hosu , Park So Young , Jung Jaehoon , Kim Jung-Han , Hahn Soo Yeon , Shin Jung Hee , Oh Young Lyun , Chung Man Ki , Kim Hye In , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Jae Hoon , Kim Tae Hyuk
Published: December 2019

The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has been increasing in many countries and concerns about overdiagnosis are also widely shared. However, early detection may be helpful in some high-risk TC patients, such as those with initial distant metastasis. We conducted this study to evaluate the usefulness of early detection in TC patients with initial distant metastasis. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 13,249 TC patients, and found 127 patients with initial distant metastasis. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups according to the diagnostic periods; before and after 2004, when the early detection of TC by ultrasonography began in earnest in Korea. Patients were also divided into two groups according to the presence of symptoms. Prior to 2004, 33 patients (1.7% of TC patients) were diagnosed with TC with initial distant metastasis and 16 (48.5%) of them died. After 2004, 94 patients (0.8% of TC patients) were diagnosed with TC with initial distant metastasis and 29 (30.9%) of them died. Prior to 2004, the disease-specific death rates were similar between the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups (46.2% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.566). Conversely, after 2004, the asymptomatic group showed a significantly lower disease-specific death rate as compared with that of the symptomatic groups (17.2% vs. 60.0%; P < 0.001). Early detection had a significant positive impact on survival outcomes only after 2004, especially in asymptomatic TC patients with initial distant metastasis.
Author Correction: ENMD-1068 inhibits liver fibrosis through attenuation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling in mice
Authors: Sun Quan , Wang Yan , Zhang Jie , Lu Jing
Published: December 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A multicolor multiplex lateral flow assay for high-sensitivity analyte detection using persistent luminescent nanophosphors
Authors: Danthanarayana Adheesha N. , Finley Erin , Vu Binh , Kourentzi Katerina , Willson Richard C. , Brgoch Jakoah
Published: December 2019

Multicolor multiplex lateral flow assay using persistent luminescent nanophosphors as reporters.
A black phosphorus-based cathode for aqueous Na-ion batteries operating under ambient conditions
Authors: Fonsaca Jéssica E. S. , Domingues Sergio H. , Orth Elisa S. , Zarbin Aldo J. G.
Published: December 2019

We present the unprecedented application of a black phosphorus-based nanocomposite as an electrode for aqueous Na-ion batteries under ambient conditions.
Nature of the multicomponent crystal of salicylic acid and 1,2-phenylenediamine
Authors: Tier Aniele Z. , Wust Keli M. , Vieira Jean C. B. , Sardo Mariana , Čendak Tomaž , Mafra Luís , Rocha João , Gindri Izabelle M. , Hörner Manfredo , Frizzo Clarissa P.
Published: December 2019

The synthesis and characterization of the multicomponent crystal formed by salicylic acid and 1,2-phenylenediamine (a diarylamine) are reported.
Isomer-sensitive characterization of low temperature oxidation reaction products by coupling a jet-stirred reactor to an electron/ion coincidence spectrometer: case of n-pentane
Authors: Bourgalais Jérémy , Gouid Zied , Herbinet Olivier , Garcia Gustavo A. , Arnoux Philippe , Wang Zhandong , Tran Luc-Sy , Vanhove Guillaume , Hochlaf Majdi , Nahon Laurent , Battin-Leclerc Frédérique
Published: December 2019

Using a tunable vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron beam line and first principle computations, a jet-stirred reactor was coupled for the first time to a photoionization mass spectrometer using electron/ion coincidence imaging.
Exfoliation and stabilization mechanism of graphene in carbon dioxide expanded organic solvents: molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Cai Lu , Hou Sensheng , Wei Xiangyu , Tan Guangsu , Peng Zhengwei , Yan Yujiao , Wang Lei , Lei De , Wu Yanguang , Liu Zhitian
Published: December 2019

The exfoliation mechanism of graphene in CO2 expanded solvents with different organic parts was quantitatively explained using molecular dynamics simulations.
Dual fluorescence in strap ESIPT systems: a theoretical study
Authors: Chrayteh Amara , Ewels Chris , Jacquemin Denis
Published: December 2019

We optimize with ab initio tools the ESIPT process in strap molecules.
A low temperature pyrolytic route to amorphous quasi-hexagonal boron nitride from hydrogen rich (NH4)3Mg(BH4)5
Authors: Wegner Wojciech , Fijalkowski Karol J. , Grochala Wojciech
Published: December 2019

Amorphous quasi-hexagonal BN with minute amounts of quasi-cubic form was obtained via thermal decomposition of a novel precursor, (NH4)3Mg(BH4)5, at 220–250 °C, which is significantly lower than 1000–1500 °C applied in industrial approaches.
Magnetism-induced huge enhancement of the room-temperature thermoelectric and cooling performance of p-type BiSbTe alloys
Authors: Li Cuncheng , Ma Shifang , Wei Ping , Zhu Wanting , Nie Xiaolei , Sang Xiahan , Sun Zhigang , Zhang Qingjie , Zhao Wenyu
Published: December 2019

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles remarkably enhance the room-temperature thermoelectric and cooling performance of BiSbTe alloys.
Blue energy fuels: converting ocean wave energy to carbon-based liquid fuels via CO2 reduction
Authors: Leung Siu-Fung , Fu Hui-Chun , Zhang Maolin , Hassan Ali H. , Jiang Tao , Salama Khaled N. , Wang Zhong Lin , He Jr-Hau
Published: December 2019

Sequestering CO2 in the form of carbon-based liquid fuels would provide both a convenient and sustainable form of energy for practical use as well as mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change.
The anti-inflammatory effects of low- and high-molecular-weight beta-glucans from Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 in LPS-induced weaned piglets
Authors: Luo Junqiu , Cheng Long , Du Yanjun , Mao Xiangbing , He Jun , Yu Bing , Chen Daiwen
Published: December 2019

The physicochemical characteristics of beta-glucans determine the immune responses of the intestines and system.
A new approach for an ultrasensitive tactile sensor covering an ultrawide pressure range based on the hierarchical pressure-peak effect
Authors: Wu Congyi , Zhang Tian , Zhang Jian , Huang Jin , Tang Xing , Zhou Tingting , Rong Youmin , Huang Yu , Shi Songxin , Zeng Dawen
Published: December 2019

Flexible tactile sensors that imitate the skin tactile system have attracted extensive research interest due to their potential applications in medical diagnosis, intelligent robots and so on.
A facile preparation strategy of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based biodegradable polyurethane elastomer with a highly efficient shape memory effect
Authors: Luo Qing , Chen Jing , Gnanasekar Pitchaimari , Ma Xiaozhen , Qin Dongdong , Na Haining , Zhu Jin , Yan Ning
Published: December 2019

A polycaprolactone (PCL)-based biodegradable polyurethane elastomer with a highly efficient shape memory effect.
Elusive π-helical peptide foldamers spotted by chiroptical studies
Authors: Di Silvio Sergio , Bologna Fabio , Milli Lorenzo , Giuri Demetra , Zanna Nicola , Castellucci Nicola , Monari Magda , Calvaresi Matteo , Górecki Marcin , Angelici Gaetano , Tomasini Claudia , Pescitelli Gennaro
Published: December 2019

A series of oligomers containing alternate l-Ala and pGlu (pyroglutamic acid) both in the L and D form have been prepared and conformationally investigated by X-ray, NMR, UV/ECD, IR/VCD and molecular modelling.
Effects of different calcium sources on the mineralization and sand curing of CaCO3by carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria
Authors: Pan Ling , Li Qiongfang , Zhou Yi , Song Na , Yu Lujia , Wang Xuhui , Xiong Ke , Yap LikSen , Huo Jianlin
Published: December 2019

The deposition and dissolution of calcium carbonate can be affected by the action of biological factors, such as microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP).
Simulation of dense non-Brownian suspensions with the lattice Boltzmann method: shear jammed and fragile states
Authors: Pradipto  , Hayakawa Hisao
Published: December 2019

We performed simulations to unveil the role of initial shear and anisotropy in the exotic states of dense suspensions.
Multistable interaction between a spherical Brownian particle and an air–water interface
Authors: Villa Stefano , Stocco Antonio , Blanc Christophe , Nobili Maurizio
Published: December 2019

A novel multi-stable interaction between microparticles and fluid interfaces is measured pointing out the still unaccounted role of surface heterogeneities.
A simple mean-field model of glassy dynamics and glass transition
Authors: Ginzburg Valeriy V.
Published: December 2019

We propose a phenomenological model to describe the equilibrium dynamic behavior of amorphous glassy materials.
Liquid crystalline networks based on photo-initiated thiol–ene click chemistry
Authors: Li Yuzhan , Zhang Yuehong , Goswami Monojoy , Vincent Dan , Wang Liwei , Liu Tuan , Li Kai , Keum Jong K. , Gao Zhenhua , Ozcan Soydan , Gluesenkamp Kyle R. , Rios Orlando , Kessler Michael R.
Published: December 2019

Photo-initiated thiol–ene click chemistry is used to develop shape memory liquid crystalline networks (LCNs).
Numerical exploration on buckling instability for directional control in flagellar propulsion
Authors: Huang Weicheng , Jawed M. K.
Published: December 2019

We report a numerical method to control the swimming direction by exploiting buckling instability in uniflagellar bacteria and bio-inspired soft robots.
Primitive chain network simulations for H-polymers under fast shear
Authors: Masubuchi Yuichi , Ianniruberto Giovanni , Marrucci Giuseppe
Published: December 2019

We performed primitive chain network simulations for H-polymers in fast shear flows revealing molecular tumbling, and tumbling acceleration induced by branchpoint withdrawal (BPW). Furthermore, BPW not only mitigates backbone stretch but arm stretch as well.
Silanized NaCa2HSi3O9 nanorods with a reduced pH increase on Ti for improving osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro
Authors: Li Kai , Xue Yang , Zhou Jianhong , Han Jing , Zhang Lan , Han Yong
Published: December 2019

NaCa2HSi3O9 nanorods with silane layers allow efficient Ca and Si release and controlled pH increase, and can enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis on the Ti implant surface.
Multi‐user interference characterisation in antenna arrays: an algebraic angle approach
Authors: Bekkar M.R. , Ros L. , Siclet C. , Bories S. , Miscopein B.
Published: December 2019

Antenna arrays are widely used in radar systems and mobile networks in the physical layer to mitigate interference as well as to enhance the reliability and the capacity of the system. The performance of beamforming algorithms depends on the channel realisation and its associated micro‐parameters (angle of arrivals, multi‐path components, fading) plus the array geometry. The multiplicity of these micro‐parameters makes it difficult to establish a tractable characterisation of the overall performance. In this Letter, a new parameter, an algebraic angle cosine between the signal subspace and the interference subspace, is introduced to characterise the interference impact. It allows the derivation of a lower bound on the signal‐to‐interference‐plus noise ratio of the Capon beamformer. Outside two regions where the interferers are quasi‐orthogonal or quasi‐aligned with the desired user, the lower bound decreases linearly with this parameter.
Kinematic and metallicity properties of the Aquarius dwarf galaxy from FORS2 MXU spectroscopy
Authors: Hermosa Muñoz L. , Taibi S. , Battaglia G. , Iorio G. , Rejkuba M. , Leaman R. , Cole A. A. , Irwin M. , Jablonka P. , Kacharov N. , McConnachie A. , Starkenburg E. , Tolstoy E.
Published: December 2019

Context. Dwarf galaxies found in isolation in the Local Group (LG) are unlikely to have interacted with the large LG spirals, and therefore environmental effects such as tidal and ram-pressure stripping should not be the main drivers of their evolution.

Aims. We provide insight into the internal mechanisms shaping LG dwarf galaxies by increasing our knowledge of the internal properties of isolated systems. Here we focus on the evolved stellar component of the Aquarius dwarf galaxy, whose kinematic and metallicity properties have only recently started to be explored.

Methods. Spectroscopic data in the region of the near-infrared Ca II triplet lines has been obtained with FORS2 at the Very Large Telescope for 53 red giant branch (RGB) stars. These data are used to derive line-of-sight (l.o.s.) velocities and [Fe/H] of the individual RGB stars.

Results. We derive a systemic velocity of −142.2+1.8−1.8 km s−1, in agreement with previous determinations from both the HI gas and stars. The internal kinematics of Aquarius appears to be best modelled by a combination of random motions (l.o.s. velocity dispersion of 10.3+1.6−1.3 km s−1) and linear rotation (with a gradient −5.0+1.6−1.9 km s−1 arcmin−1) along a PA = 139+17−27 deg, broadly consistent with the optical projected major axis. This rotation signal is significantly misaligned or even counter-rotating to that derived from the HI gas. We also find the tentative presence of a mild negative metallicity gradient and indications that the metal-rich stars have a colder velocity dispersion than the metal-poor ones.

Conclusions. This work represents a significant improvement with respect to previous measurements of the RGB stars of Aquarius as it doubles the number of member stars already studied in the literature. We speculate that the misaligned rotation between the HI gas and evolved stellar component might have been the result of recent accretion of HI gas, or re-accretion after gas-loss due to internal stellar feedback.
Hydrodynamic simulations unravel the progenitor-supernova-remnant connection in SN 1987A
Authors: Orlando S. , Ono M. , Nagataki S. , Miceli M. , Umeda H. , Ferrand G. , Bocchino F. , Petruk O. , Peres G. , Takahashi K. , Yoshida T.
Published: December 2019

Context.Massive stars end their lives in catastrophic supernova (SN) explosions. Key information on the explosion processes and on the progenitor stars can be extracted from observations of supernova remnants (SNRs), which are the outcome of SNe. Deciphering these observations, however, is challenging because of the complex morphology of SNRs.

Aims.We aim to link the dynamical and radiative properties of the remnant of SN 1987A to the geometrical and physical characteristics of the parent aspherical SN explosion and to the internal structure of its progenitor star.

Methods.We performed comprehensive three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations which describe the long-term evolution of SN 1987A from the onset of the SN to the full-fledged remnant at the age of 50 years, accounting for the pre-SN structure of the progenitor star. The simulations include all physical processes relevant for the complex phases of SN evolution and for the interaction of the SNR with the highly inhomogeneous ambient environment around SN 1987A. Furthermore, the simulations follow the life cycle of elements from the synthesis in the progenitor star through the nuclear reaction network of the SN to the enrichment of the circumstellar medium as a result of the mixing of chemically homogeneous layers of ejecta. From the simulations, we synthesize observables that are to be compared with observations.

Results.By comparing the model results with observations, we constrained the initial SN anisotropy causing Doppler shifts, observed in the emission lines of heavy elements from ejecta, and leading to the remnant evolution observed in the X-ray band in the last thirty years. In particular, we found that the high mixing of ejecta unveiled by high redshifts and broadenings of [Fe II] and44Ti lines require a highly asymmetric SN explosion channeling a significant fraction of energy along an axis that is almost lying in the plane of the central equatorial ring around SN 1987A, roughly along the line-of-sight, but with an offset of 40°, with the lobe propagating away from the observer slightly more energetic than the other. Furthermore, we found unambiguously that the observed distribution of ejecta and the dynamical and radiative properties of the SNR can be best reproduced if the structure of the progenitor star was that of a blue supergiant which had resulted from the merging of two massive stars.
Are ultra-diffuse galaxies Milky Way-sized?
Authors: Chamba Nushkia , Trujillo Ignacio , Knapen Johan H.
Published: December 2019

Now almost 70 years since its introduction, the effective or half-light radius has become a very popular choice for characterising galaxy size. However, the effective radius measures the concentration of light within galaxies and thus does not capture our intuitive definition of size which is related to the edge or boundary of objects. For this reason, we aim to demonstrate the undesirable consequence of using the effective radius to draw conclusions about the nature of faint ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) when compared to dwarfs and Milky Way-like galaxies. Instead of the effective radius, we use a measure of galaxy size based on the location of the gas density threshold required for star formation. Compared to the effective radius, this physically motivated definition places the sizes much closer to the boundary of a galaxy. Therefore, considering the sizes and stellar mass density profiles of UDGs and regular dwarfs, we find that the UDGs have sizes that are within the size range of dwarfs. We also show that currently known UDGs do not have sizes comparable to Milky Way-like objects. We find that, on average, UDGs are ten times smaller in extension than Milky Way-like galaxies. These results show that the use of size estimators sensitive to the concentration of light can lead to misleading results.
Wind of change: retrieving exoplanet atmospheric winds from high-resolution spectroscopy
Authors: Seidel J. V. , Ehrenreich D. , Pino L. , Bourrier V. , Lavie B. , Allart R. , Wyttenbach A. , Lovis C.
Published: December 2019

Context. The atmosphere of exoplanets has been studied extensively in recent years, making use of numerical models to retrieve chemical composition, dynamical circulation, or temperature from the data. One of the best observational probes in transmission is the sodium doublet thanks to its extensive cross-section. However, modelling the shape of planetary sodium lines has proven to be challenging. Models with different assumptions regarding the atmosphere have been employed to fit the lines in the literature, yet statistically-sound, direct comparisons of different models are needed to paint a clear picture.

Aims. We aim to compare different wind and temperature patterns, as well as to provide a tool to distinguish them based on their best fit for the sodium transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b. We parametrise different possible wind patterns that have already been tested the in literature and introduce the new option of an upwards-driven vertical wind.

Methods. We construct a forward model where the wind speed, wind geometry, and temperature are injected into the calculation of the transmission spectrum. We embed this forward model in a nested sampling retrieval code to rank the models via their Bayesian evidence.

Results. We retrieve a best-fit to the HD 189733b data for vertical upward winds |vver(mean)| = 40 ± 4 km s−1 at altitudes above 10−6 bar. With the current data from HARPS, we cannot distinguish wind patterns for higher-pressure atmospheric layers.

Conclusions. We show that vertical upwards winds in the upper atmosphere provide a possible explanation for the broad sodium signature in hot Jupiters. We highlight other influences on the width of the doublet and we explore strong magnetic fields acting on the lower atmosphere as one possible origin of the retrieved wind speed.
Apparent superluminal core expansion and limb brightening in the candidate neutrino blazar TXS 0506+056
Authors: Ros E. , Kadler M. , Perucho M. , Boccardi B. , Cao H.-M. , Giroletti M. , Krauß F. , Ojha R.
Published: December 2019

Context.IceCube has reported a very-high-energy neutrino (IceCube-170922A) in a region containing the blazarTXS 0506+056. Correlated gamma-ray activity has led to the first high-probability association of a high-energy neutrino with an extragalactic source. This blazar has been found to be in a radio outburst during the neutrino event.

Aims.Our goal is to probe the sub-milliarcsecond properties of the radio jet right after the neutrino detection and during the further evolution of the radio outburst.

Methods.We performed target of opportunity observations at 43 GHz frequency using very long baseline interferometry imaging, corresponding to 7 mm in wavelength, with the Very Long Baseline Array two and eight months after the neutrino event.

Results.We produced two images of the radio jet of TXS 0506+056 at 43 GHz with angular resolutions of (0.2 × 1.1) mas and (0.2 × 0.5) mas, respectively. The source shows a compact, high brightness temperature core, albeit not approaching the equipartition limit and a bright and originally very collimated inner jet. Beyond approximately 0.5 mas from the millimeter-VLBI core, the jet loses this tight collimation and expands rapidly. During the months after the neutrino event associated with this source, the overall flux density is rising. This flux density increase happens solely within the core. Notably, the core expands in size with apparent superluminal velocity during these six months so that the brightness temperature drops by a factor of three despite the strong flux density increase.

Conclusions.The radio jet of TXS 0506+056 shows strong signs of deceleration and/or a spine-sheath structure within the inner 1 mas, corresponding to about 70–140 pc in deprojected distance, from the millimeter-VLBI core. This structure is consistent with theoretical models that attribute the neutrino and gamma-ray production in TXS 0506+056 to interactions of electrons and protons in the highly relativistic jet spine with external photons originating from a slower moving jet region. Proton loading due to jet-star interactions in the inner host galaxy is suggested as the possible cause of deceleration.
Non null controllability of Stokes equations with memory
Authors: Fernández-Cara Enrique , Machado José Lucas F. , Souza Diego A.
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we consider the null controllability problem for the Stokes equations with a memory term. For any positive final time T > 0, we construct initial conditions such that the null controllability does not hold even if the controls act on the whole boundary. We also prove that this negative result holds for distributed controls.
Modified Dynamic Programming Algorithm and Its Application in Distribution of Power Plant Load
Authors: Wang Wanshan , Wang Peihong , Dong Yihua
Published: December 2019

Dynamic programming algorithm is the classic method in distribution of plant loads. The traditional calculation method of dynamic programming is easy to make the calculation take too long time. This paper proposes two modiefied methods of dynamic programming, namely, dynamic programming in progressive structure and dynamic programming in progressive step-size. What is more, these two methods are combined to a new hybrid method. And these three methods and conventional dynamic programming are applied to the distribution of thermal power plant load to verify. The results of modiefied methods contrast with the conventional method show the modiefied methods reduce the calculation time and alleviate the curse of dimensionality effectively, ensuring the accuracy of calculation.
Economic Dispatch of Micro-grid Based on Sequential Quadratic Programming—Model and Formulation
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhang Yumin , Liu Jingyu , Miao Xiaofeng , Zhang Xinyi , Zhu Zhengyi , Wang Zhen
Published: December 2019

This paper proposes an economic dispatch strategy for micro-grid based on the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method. In this paper, in the off-grid operating state, according to the load, the kinds of micro sources and the operating cost, the power output minimizing the operating cost is calculated. When the system is connected to the grid, considering the tiered price, generation cost of CHP (Combined heat and power) based on micro-turbine, and generation cost of fuel cell, the paper calculates micro source power output based on the minimum operating cost. The characteristics of the proposed model and its benefits are investigated through several case studies.
Application of Pre-stranded Tensile Clamp for Aluminum Composite Carbon Fiber Core
Authors: Changlong Yang , Hongzhi Zhang , Wei Wang , Yueyue Li , Rongzhuan Han , Qiang Dong
Published: December 2019

The growth of electricity demand has put forward higher requirements for transmission line performance. Aluminum composite carbon fiber cores (ACCC) has better performance than traditional steel core aluminum conductor and can better meet the requirements of power transmission and transformation field. However, at present, the wedge-shaped self-locking tension clamp is usually used for aluminum composite carbon fiber cores, which is complicated in construction technology and poor in economy, which restricts the promotion and application of aluminum composite carbon fiber cores.In order to solve the above problems, three kinds of tension clamp structures applied to different specifications of aluminum conductors composite core are optimized. Through the strength and grip test of the clamp, it is verified that the grip force of the clamp structure designed can reach 95% of the rated tensile strength of the conductor. Finally, through the comparative analysis of construction and installation, it is concluded that the pre-twisted tension wire clamp designed has a good economic effect.
Research on Economic Irrigation Scheduling of Crops for Drip Irrigation in Greenhouse
Authors: Gong Chengqi , Lin Lishan , Wang Yangren , Wang Hao , Wang Yuan
Published: December 2019

Aiming at the problem of water waste in the traditional greenhouse vegetable irrigation, economic irrigation schedule of three kinds of vegetables (tomato, cucumber and eggplant) were studied. The experiment was carried out in the North Country Spring Agricultural Demonstration Park in Wuqing District, Tianjin, from April 2018 to December 2018. Three vegetables were tested in 100% (no drought) and 50% (drought) irrigation. The water balance method was used to simulate the change of soil moisture content under greenhouse drip irrigation. The crop coefficient parameters, the temperature stress index, water stress index and dry matter conversion factor were determined using the measured data. The results show that the parameters have good applicability and can be used to describe the effects of water and temperature stress on crop growth and yield. Based on the objective of maximum economic benefit per unit area, the economic irrigation schedule of crops was determined. The analysis showed that the use of the economic irrigation schedule can save the irrigation water and increase production.
Competitive Behavior of Developers' Development Scale in the Assembled Construction Market: An Analysis Based on Game Theory
Authors: Luo Gangqiang , Wang Qin
Published: December 2019

The paper constructs the oligopoly models of assembled building developers based on Cournot model and Stackelberg model of development scale competition. Based on the comparison of the profit of the regional assembled building market, which is obvious in product homogeneity and multi oligopoly, a game analysis is carried out for the development pattern of assembled building developers. On the basis of the above models, we get the equilibrium solution of developers' Cournot competition and the sub game refining Nash equilibrium solution of the developers' Stackelberg competition respectively. Based on the different N values, we compare the development scale, the development income and the market price of the two competitive modes. Combining with the above game equilibrium, this paper makes a concrete analysis of the actual situation of the competition of assembled building developers in China.
Research on Insulator selection and comparison
Authors: Wang Xianri , Yu Xinmin
Published: December 2019

The selection of insulator is analyzed and studied in detail in combination with climate and pollution. In this paper, several comparison and selection schemes are studied in detail from the aspects of electrical performance, mechanical performance, economic performance and so on. Through the analysis of the whole life cycle and the combination of the actual situation of the project, the reasonable selection of insulators is carried out to make use of insulators to reach the optimal.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Optimization of Modular Substation
Authors: Jun Li , Fan Zhang , Yinyuan Li , Beibei Zhang
Published: December 2019

Due to the lack of high standardization and specialization, the production scale of modular substation is difficult to meet the established requirements. Compared with traditional substation construction, there are still practical problems such as high production costs. Therefore, it is still difficult to promote modular substation. Considering the life cycle of modular substation project, Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) and Engineering Breakdown Structure (EBS) of the modular substation were defined through literature reading and data analysis. Then use the life cycle cost mapping model to further determine the mapping relationship between CBS and EBS. Finally, the connotation and goal of the life cycle cost optimization of modular substation were proposed, which can effectively promote the cost management of modular substation projects and optimization.
Research on wind turbine power performance based on the operation Data
Authors: Li Guanglei , Wang Dehua , Liu Xiaoliang , Zhao Peng
Published: December 2019

The power characteristics are important for evaluating the operating state of the wind turbine. In order to accurately evaluate the performance of the actual 2.0MW wind turbine, this paper firstly collects the measured wind speed, power and other operational data reflecting the performance of the wind turbine, and analyzes the data according to the standard specification. On the basis of data analysis, this paper obtains the actual power curve of wind turbine, and then compares it with the theoretical power curve. Finally, this paper carries out comparative analysis and performance evaluation of wind turbine operation performance, and propose improvement measures on this basis.
Model predictive control of VSC-HVDC transmission system for power supply to passive networks
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Guo Mingxing , Tang Xiaojun , Liu Yingpei , Huo Qidi , Pang Aili , Zhang Mengyao , Lv Sizhuo
Published: December 2019

In the traditional double closed-loop control strategy for VSC-HVDC transmission system that supply power to passive networks, the control structure is complex, the PI parameters are more difficult, the tuning is slow, and the response speed is slow. Rectifier-side direct power control based on model prediction and direct AC voltage control strategy on inverter side are proposed. Based on the discrete mathematical model of the converter, the system output under all switching function combinations is calculated by the ergodic method, and the switching function that minimizes the objective function is selected to act on the inverter. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, no complicated PI parameter setting, fast dynamic response, high voltage quality electric energy to the passive network, good steady state performance and dynamic performance. The simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Mechanical Behavior of Supporting Structure of Rectangular Deep Ventilation Shaft in Rail Transit
Authors: Gu Jinke , Huang Lin , Qiu Feng , Jin Xiaoguang
Published: December 2019

In order to analyze the mechanical behavior of surrounding rock and initial support during shaft excavation and support process, reveal the law of stratum displacement, the stress characteristics of surrounding rock and the internal force of supporting structure during construction, this paper establishes a three-dimensional finite element numerical model relying on the construction process of a ventilation shaft in Chongqing Rail Transit. The results show that the stress of shotcrete, the bending moment of supporting structure, the axial force of bolt and the axial force of I-beam are all within the allowable range. The "S" shape bending occurs in the range of 60m~70m for the axial force of bolt and cross brace I-beam. According to the results of model test, there is inflection point in the pressure distribution of rectangular deep ventilation shaft in rail transit, which provides a basis for the support design of deep ventilation shaft.
Heat Absorption and Release Characteristics on Heat Storage Walls with Different Materials
Authors: Haowei HU , Xiaonan CHEN , Tingyong FANG , Mingjun ZHU
Published: December 2019

To analyze the storage performance of the envelope structure, based on the law of conservation of energy, the ANSYS software was employed to perform thermal analysis on three conventional wall materials and phase change materials, and the temperature fields and minimum temperature difference of the walls with different materials were obtained. The heat absorption and release characteristics of different wall materials were studied. Comparing the heat absorption and release characteristics of phase change materials, it was concluded that the phase change materials had better heat storage capacity, which provided a basis for promoting and developing low energy consumption technologies for buildings.