bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Operative Note as Billing Documentation: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Flynn Michael B. , Allen Dora A.
Published: November 2022

Certified professional coders from a multispecialty academic surgical practice used operative notes to identify 10 of the most common deficiencies for reimbursement of services. These 10 deficiencies were then used as evaluation criteria to audit the operative notes used as billing documentation. Twenty-four per cent of operative notes contained no deficiencies, whereas the remaining 76 per cent contained one or more audit criteria deficiencies. The three most common deficiencies identified included an incomplete description of all surgical procedures performed (56%), an inadequate description of the indications for procedures (49%), and only 45 per cent of the operative notes were dictated within 24 hours of the procedure. Thirty-nine per cent were dictated by faculty surgeons, whereas 61 per cent were dictated by surgical residents. Twenty-nine per cent of the operative notes that were dictated by faculty surgeons contained no deficiencies as compared with 20 per cent of the operative notes that were dictated by surgical residents. For a multispecialty academic surgical practice, the operative note is the document of justification for 75 per cent of revenue generated. We conclude that 1) the operative note represents the most important document for justification of reimbursement for surgical services, 2) surgeons should reassess the operative note as a billing document and provide the information necessary to expedite reimbursement, 3) surgical residents should be instructed in the details of an operative report as a billing document, and 4) most of the information needed in the operative note for billing purposes is simple and straightforward data that is important not only for reimbursement but also from a medico-legal and medical records standpoint.
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia of the Breast in Two Adolescent Females
Authors: Gow Kenneth W. , Mayfield J. Kelly , Lloyd David , Shehata Bahig M.
Published: November 2022

The majority of breast lesions that present in adolescent girls are benign, with most being fibroadenomas. Rarely, a large and rapidly growing breast mass may be found to be the more recently described entity named pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH). The pathogenesis of this lesion is attributed to hyperplasia of stromal myofibroblasts in response to hormonal stimuli. To date, PASH has rarely been described in adolescence. We describe the presentation of PASH in two adolescent patients. The first is a 12-year-old girl who found a mass in her left breast 3 months prior to presentation. An excision of an 11.5 x 10 x 3.5 cm lesion weighing 347 g was performed via breast-conserving incisions. The second patient is a 16-year-old girl who also had a rapidly enlarging left breast mass removed in a similar fashion. This mass measured 12 x 11 x 6 cm and weighed 460 g. Both tumors were noted to have a smooth capsule. Histologic appearance consisted of the typical features of PASH; fibrous stroma containing numerous anastomosing slit-like spaces; some compressed and others with discernible lumina. Both patients had complete excisions and have since not experienced recurrence. Each has had excellent cosmetic results with symmetrical breast development since their resection. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is a rare tumor that arises in the breast. These tumors may grow quickly and often are mistaken for fibroadenomas, phylloides tumor, or angiosarcoma. They must be resected with careful attention to resection around the capsule of the tumor with breast conservation as a goal. Long-term follow-up is necessary, as some have been reported to recur.
Primary Duodenal Low-Grade Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Presenting with Outlet Obstruction
Authors: Patel Vijaykumar G. , Eltayeb O.M. , Henderson Vernon J. , Lyons Ralph , Martin David , Hamami Amir , Fortson James K. , Weaver William L.
Published: November 2022

Low-grade lymphoma arising in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the duodenum represents a very rare neoplasm. We report an unusual presentation of primary duodenal MALT lymphoma in a 78-year-old man. The patient initially presented with a suspected pulmonary embolus and was anticoagulated, which precipitated a major gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A large atypical ulcer with narrowing of the duodenum beyond the bulb was seen on endoscopy. Biopsies revealed atypical lymphoid cells. Abdominal CT scan revealed a mass in either the duodenum or head of the pancreas. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed, which revealed a normal pancreatic duct with a large calculus in the common bile duct, which was extracted after sphincterotomy. Elective surgery was planned for suspected lymphoma of the duodenum. The patient developed severe nausea, vomiting, and fullness after meals. The patient underwent pancreaticoduodectomy for a neoplastic mass causing duodenal obstruction. Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed a low-grade B-cell lymphoma (MALToma) arising in the duodenum and invading the pancreas. Flow cytometry confirmed the phenotype typical of MALT lymphoma. Celiac, peripancreatic, pelvic, and cervical nodes were also involved with tumor. Bone marrow was also positive for metastasis. The patient was postoperatively treated with chemotherapy for stage IV disease.
Lymph Node Metastasis at the Splenic Hilum in Proximal Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ikeguchi Masahide , Kaibara Nobuaki
Published: November 2022

We performed splenectomy on patients with macroscopic advanced gastric cancer located at the proximal part of the stomach to achieve complete D2 lymphadenectomy. The aim of this study was to clarify the survival benefit of splenectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer. The clinical records of 225 patients who underwent total gastrectomy with splenectomy for gastric cancers involving the proximal part of the stomach were analyzed retrospectively. Nodal involvement at the splenic hilum (no. 10) was detected in 47 cases (20.9%). All of these cases were macroscopically diagnosed as positive for serosal invasion or regional lymph node metastasis at the time of surgery. In considering the lymphatic pathway from the primary tumor to no. 10 lymph nodes, metastasis at lymph nodes along the lesser curvature (no. 3), the short gastric vessels, or the gastroepiploic vessels (no. 4) may be good indicators of no. 10 lymph node metastasis. The overall survival of 47 patients with positive no. 10 lymph nodes was extremely poor. However, when curative surgery was performed, the survival of no. 10 positive patients was not different from that of no. 10 negative patients. Thus, for patients with advanced gastric cancer located in the proximal part of the stomach, D2 lymphadenectomy with splenectomy is recommended when patients show macroscopic evidence of serosal invaded tumor with regional lymph node metastasis.
Accurate Axillary Nodal Staging Can be Achieved after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Patel N.A. , Piper G. , Patel J.A. , Malay M.B. , Julian T.B.
Published: November 2022

Lymph node status remains the most important prognostic indicator for breast cancer. Recent reports have established that the accuracy of assessing lymph node status is proportional to the number of nodes dissected. The accuracy of axillary staging following neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been cited as a technical concern due to limited node retrieval. The current study attempts to evaluate the ability to perform sentinel node biopsy (SNB) and formal axillary node dissection (AND) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to compare these results with non-neoadjuvant patients. One hundred sixteen consecutive patients undergoing SNB with simultaneous AND were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-two of these patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to AND. Overall success rate in performing SNB in the neoadjuvant group was 95 per cent, and no false negatives have been noted to date. The overall SNB success rate in the non-neoadjuvant group was also 95 per cent with a false negative rate of 3 per cent. After AND in each group, a mean of 21 nodes were retrieved in the neoadjuvant group and 17.9 nodes in the non-neoadjuvant group ( P = 0.018). In the neoadjuvant group, there were 19 node positive patients (42%) and 21 patients (28%) in the non-neoadjuvant group ( P = 0.16). The mean number of positive nodes per patient was also similar between the two groups (2.9 in the neoadjuvant group vs 1.67 in the non-neoadjuvant group, P = 0.10). Following neoadjuvant therapy, accurate evaluation of the axilla is feasible. In this study, the mean number of nodes is significantly different in favor of the neoadjuvant group, but there is no significant difference in the number of node positive patients identified or in the mean number of positive nodes identified per patient. SNB is technically feasible with accuracy similar to that seen in patients with no history of neoadjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy extends the use of breast-conserving therapy without sacrificing the ability to accurately stage the axilla either by use of standard axillary dissection or SNB.
In Situ Mesh Repair of Parasternal Hernias
Authors: Saclarides Theodore J. , Hsu Allen , Quiros Roderick
Published: November 2022

Options for the repair of parastomal hernias include contralateral transposition or in situ repair. The latter can be accomplished either primarily or with prosthetic mesh. Concerns with mesh include possible gut erosion and infection. Recurrence rates in the literature are dismal regardless of technique. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with this problem focusing on in situ repairs. We identified 9 patients who underwent 10 in situ repairs. Of these, 6 were women, average age was 69.4 years, and stomas had been constructed for cancer in 6, inflammatory bowel disease in 2, and incontinence in 1. Eight patients had colostomies; one had an ileostomy. All patients were symptomatic from their hernias. Repairs were performed an average of 8 years after stoma construction. Hernia repair was performed transabdominally in four and through a parastomal incision in six. Complications included hematoma formation requiring evacuation in one and delayed resumption of oral intake secondary to nausea and cramps in three. Of the 9 initial repairs, 1 recurred (11%) and was repaired without subsequent failure. No mesh erosions or wound infections have occurred. This technique is safe and may be preferable to contralateral placement of the stoma.
Impact of Cytomegalovirus Match on Survival after Cardiac and Lung Transplantation
Authors: Bonatti Hugo , Tabarelli Walther , Ruttmann Elfriede , Kafka Reinhold , Larcher Clara , Hofer Daniel , Klaus Alexander , Laufer Günther , Christian Geltner M.D. , Margreiter Raimund , Müller Ludwig , Antretter Herwig
Published: November 2022

Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease and indirect effects caused by the virus alter the outcome after solid organ transplantation. Long-term results after 54 lung and 139 cardiac transplants at a single center have been retrospectively analyzed with regard to CMV status. Standard CMV prophylaxis consisted of ganciclovir for 100 days. Lung recipients were pretransplant CMV negative in 32 per cent as compared to heart recipients with 23 per cent. Patient survival after mismatch transplants (donor positive, recipient negative) was significantly reduced as compared to the other match groups (42% vs 76% at five years, P = 0.01). In heart recipients, CMV positive patients receiving a CMV negative graft showed best survival, whereas in the group of lung recipients negative/negative matched transplants produced best results. In both groups, CMV negative grafts had a better outcome than CMV positive grafts, and a survival difference between heart and lung recipients was only observed in recipients of a CMV positive grafts. Despite ganciclovir prophylaxis, CMV match remains an important factor for survival follwing heart and, even more profoundly, lung transplantation. Because survival was least favorable in the mismatched group, prophylactic regimens warrant improvement. For CMV negative lung recipients, CMV matching might be considered.
Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis with Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman: Case Report
Authors: Okumura Keiko , Schroff Richard , Campbell Rwanda , Nishioka Lucas , Elster Eric
Published: November 2022

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause a wide range of infectious diseases such as pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever, and even septic shock. Group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis is uncommon today, but recent reports indicate a reemergence of virulent strains can cause toxic-mediated shock and multiple organ failure. We present a case report of a 29-year-old postpartum woman after cesarean section who presented group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis. Furthermore, we discuss the GAS strain in this patient and its relation with close contact among family members. The group A streptococci (GAS) were isolated from the patient's retroperitoneal fluid and from her husband's throat swab, respectively. Both isolates were shown to be identical: M type 1. It is well known that exotoxin A produced by M1 or M3 serotypes of the organisms plays a crucial role in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). We conclude that in this patient, close contacts of persons with GAS appear to be at risk for colonization with identical strains of STSS-causing GAS such as M1 or M3 serotypes. Therefore, the appropriate antibiotic including antibiotic prophylaxis for close contact should be considered.
Impact of Self-Reported Physical Activity Participation on Proportion of Excess Weight Loss and BMI among Gastric Bypass Surgery Patients
Authors: Bond Dale S. , Evans Ronald K. , Wolfe Luke G. , Meador Jill G. , Sugerman Harvey J. , Kellum John M. , Demaria Eric J.
Published: November 2022

Habitual physical activity is an important component of successful weight loss programs for morbidly obese individuals. This study examined self-reported physical activity (PA) participation in relation to excess weight loss and body mass index (BMI) reduction among gastric bypass surgery patients (GBS). PA participation was hypothesized to contribute to both greater excess weight loss (% EWL) and a greater reduction in BMI at 2 years postsurgery. PA participation was measured via self-report among 1585 GBS patients between 1988 and 2001. GBS patients were assigned to groups [PA (n = 1479)/no PA (n = 106)] and further stratified by presurgical BMI [35–49 kg/m2 (n = 897) and 50–70 kg/m2 (n = 688)]. Findings showed that GBS patients who reported PA participation were younger [ P < 0.0001, PA (40.1 ± 9.9) vs no PA (44.2 ± 11.2)], had greater % EWL [ P = 0.0081, PA (68.2 ± 17.4%) vs no PA (63.9 ± 19.5%)], and a greater decrease in BMI [ P = 0.0011, PA (18.3 ± 5.7 kg/m2) vs no PA (16.6 ± 5.4 kg/m2)]. When stratified by presurgical BMI, only physically active patients with a BMI of 50–70 kg/m2 showed an increase in % EWL [ P = 0.0444, PA (63.2 ± 16.5) vs no PA (57.9 ± 17.3)], whereas both BMI groups showed significant reductions in BMI at 2 years [BMI of 35–49 kg/m2 P = 0.0184, PA (16.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2) vs no PA (14.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2); and BMI of 50–70 kg/m2 P = 0.0221, PA (21.50 ± 6.0 kg/m2) vs no PA (19.7 ± 5.5 kg/m2)], respectively. PA had a favorable effect on % EWL and BMI among GBS patients at 2 years postsurgery, thus supporting the inclusion of habitual PA in a comprehensive GBS postsurgical weight maintenance program.
Preoperative Lymphoscintigraphy and Internal Mammary Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Do not Enhance the Accuracy of Lymphatic Mapping for Breast Cancer
Authors: Lawson Laura L. , Sandler Martin , Martin William , Beauchamp R. Daniel , Kelley Mark C.
Published: November 2022

Lymphoscintigraphy (LS) may identify sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) outside the axilla. Biopsy of these nodes could improve the accuracy of lymphatic mapping (LM) for breast cancer (BC) if a significant number of tumor-positive extra-axillary sentinel nodes are identified. To address this, we evaluated the impact of the use of preoperative LS and biopsy of axillary and internal mammary SLNs in women with BC. From October 1997 to July 2003, 175 women with breast cancer received technetium sulfur colloid, and images were obtained. Isosulfan blue dye was injected intraoperatively, and LM of the axillary and internal mammary lymph node basins was performed with a hand-held gamma probe. The anatomic location and histologic status of all SLNs identified with LS and LM was recorded, and the impact of the findings on LS and internal mammary LM were evaluated. LS showed SLN in 127/175 (73%) women and “hot spots” were found with the gamma probe in 142/175 (81%). At least one SLN was identified by LM in 168/175 (96%) patients, and 48/168 (29%) had metastases. One hundred sixty-two of 168 (96%) patients had SLN exclusively in the axilla. Only 10 of 175 (6%) women had internal mammary (IM) SLNs seen on LS. LM identified IM sentinel nodes in 6 of these 10 patients, but none were involved with tumor. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and biopsy of internal mammary sentinel nodes do not enhance the accuracy of lymphatic mapping for breast cancer. Omitting lymphoscintigraphy reduces the complexity and cost of lymphatic mapping without compromising the identification of tumor-positive sentinel nodes.
Apoptosis and Necrosis in the Development of Acute Lung Injury after Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Jernigan T. Wright , Croce Martin A. , Fabian Timothy C.
Published: November 2022

Acute lung injury can be a complication of hemorrhagic shock. Mechanisms of injury include neutrophil-derived inflammatory products that induce necrosis within the lung. Recent data has shown apoptosis, in addition to necrosis, as a pathway leading toward acute lung injury in shock models. This study quantitates apoptotic and necrotic cells in the lung after hemorrhagic shock. Mongrel pigs (20–30 kg) under general anesthesia (with pancuronium and pentobarbital) underwent instrumentation with placement of carotid and external jugular catheters. The animals were randomized to sham hemorrhage (n = 6) and to hemorrhagic shock (n = 7). The hemorrhagic shock group then underwent hemorrhage (40–45% blood volume) to a systolic blood pressure of 40–50 mm Hg for 1 hour. The animals were then resuscitated with shed blood plus crystalloid to normalization of heart rate and blood pressure. The animals were observed under general anesthesia for 6 hours after resuscitation, then sacrificed, and lungs were harvested. Lung injury parameters including histology (H&E stain), apoptosis [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)], and myeloperioxidase activity (spectrophotometric assay) were assessed. Hemorrhagic shock induced marked loss of lung architecture, neutrophil infiltration, alveolar septal thickening, hemorrhage, and edema in H&E staining. Furthermore, MPO activity, a marker for neutrophil infiltration and activation, was more than doubled as compared to controls (44.0 vs 20.0 Grisham units activity/g). Apoptosis (cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, apoptotic bodies) and necrosis (cellular swelling, membrane lysis) in neutrophils, macrophages, as well as in alveolar cells was demonstrated and quantified by H&E staining use. Apoptosis was confirmed and further quantified by positive TUNEL signaling via digital semiquantitative analysis, which revealed a significant increase in apoptotic cells (16.0 vs 2.5 cells/hpf, shock vs control, respectively) and necrotic cells (16.0 vs 2.0 cells/hpf, shock vs control, respectively). Acute lung injury is a complex pathophysiologic process. Apoptosis in cells (neutrophils, macrophages, alveolar cells) is induced within the lung after hemorrhagic shock. The role of apoptosis in pulmonary dysfunction after hemorrhagic shock has yet to be determined.
The Biomedical Subjectification of Women of Advanced Maternal Age: Reproductive Risk, Privilege, and the Illusion of Control
Authors: Mann Emily S. , Berkowitz Dana
Published: November 2022

The United States is experiencing a demographic transition toward older motherhood. Biomedicine classifies pregnancies among all women of advanced maternal age (AMA) as high-risk; paradoxically, women having first births at AMA are typically economically and racially privileged, which can reduce the risk of risks. This article examines the implications of the biomedicalization of AMA for first-time mothers, age 35 and older, using qualitative interviews. We find participants had substantial cultural health capital, which informed their critiques of AMA and the medical model of birth. When they found themselves subjected to biomedical protocols and concerned about reproductive risk as their pregnancies progressed, their subsequent biomedical subjectification compelled most to accept biomedical interventions. Consequently, some participants had traumatic birth experiences. Our findings illustrate that while first-time mothers of AMA anticipated that they would have more control over the birth process because of their advantages, ultimately, most did not.
Seeking safety in a ‘code’
Authors: Bell Charles
Published: November 2022

Although metal detectors, guards, and law enforcement officers are intended to protect students and maintain a safe educational environment, the actual effectiveness of such measures is unclear, especially when it comes to protecting Black students. Charles Bell interviewed Black students from urban and suburban schools across Michigan and learned that they did not feel safe at school. The absence of reliable safety measures at school leads students to rely on a “code” that provides protection in school by encouraging students to fight to demonstrate their toughness, win respect, and form alliances to ensure group safety. Among other things, the code of the school transforms suspension into a status symbol that undermines school authority, potentially increases school violence, and leads to the criminalization of Black students.
Career Confidential: Teacher wants to motivate an apathetic student
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: November 2022

In this monthly column, Phyllis Fagell answers work-related questions from educators. This month, an elementary school teacher wants suggestions for how to help a formerly diligent student who now won’t do any work. A teacher at a competitive high school is worried about the high level of stress among her students. And a teacher who is new at her school wonders if it’s already time to leave after her department chair screamed at her because of a scheduling conflict.
Unfunded Mandates and the Economic Impact of Decentralisation. When Finance Does Not Follow Function
Authors: Rodríguez-Pose Andrés , Vidal-Bover Miquel
Published: November 2022

Decentralisation has frequently been sold as a means to increase well-being and development. Yet, questions remain as to whether decentralisation improves economic performance. This is possibly because decentralisation processes have often led to ‘unfunded mandates’, that is, a mismatch between the powers transferred to subnational tiers of government and the resources allocated to them. In this article, we analyse how unfunded mandates shape regional economic growth across 518 regions in 30 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries over the period 1997–2018. There is a negative, statistically significant, and robust impact of unfunded mandates on economic growth. This effect is higher in more politically and less fiscally decentralised regions and in regions with a higher level of wealth. Unfunded mandates thus represent a serious drag on the potential positive economic effect of political decentralisation. Hence, for those benefits to materialise, better not more decentralisation – ensuring that finance follows function – should be pursued.
Settlement in Nanjing among Chinese rural migrant families: The role of changing and persistent family norms
Authors: Tang Shuangshuang , Zhou Jing , Druta Oana , Li Xin
Published: November 2022

After nearly four decades of rural–urban mobility in China, most rural-to-urban migrants are still in a disadvantaged position. Nevertheless, an increasing number of them have started to pursue permanent settlements in urban destinations. Despite many quantitative studies concerning their settlement outcomes, little is known about the strategies employed and processes undergone by families in realising their settlement plans. The permanent settlement of migrants usually requires the commitment of their extended intergenerational families. We investigate how changing and persistent family norms feature in decisions over settlement plans made by nuclear families of the younger generation of rural-to-urban migrant workers in a Chinese megacity. Building on face-to-face interviews in Nanjing, we found reflections of individualism among the younger generation, such as a greater desire for personal fulfilment, stronger voices of wives in couples and the decline in filial obligation. The older generation also revealed certain aspects of individualism. They expressed rising concerns for their well-being and chose to accept the loss of authority in the plans to support adult children to settle down. Under a child-centred logic, parental sacrifice has been persistent among younger and older generations. Thus, difficulties encountered during urban settlement have transferred from the younger generation to their parents through parental sacrifice embedded in Chinese Confucian ideology. The exclusive urban housing and education systems, combined with the lack of care systems for children and the elderly, mediate these family norms.
Prevalence of depressive disorders in a primary care setting in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A cross-sectional epidemiological study
Authors: Yen Phi Ho Nguyen , Quoc Tho Truong , Xuan Manh Bui , Anh Ngoc Tran , Minh Chau Pham Thi , Trung Nghia Nguyen , Nghia Tran Trung , Ngoc Quynh Huynh Ho , Huy Nguyen Tien , Linh Ngo Tich , Lê An Pham
Published: November 2022

Objective

This research was conducted to identify the prevalence and associated factors of depressive disorders, as well as evaluate the recognition rate of general practitioners in detecting these mental health issues in primary care.

Method

Five hundred and twelve participants (55.3% female, mean age = 46.35 years) were assessed by psychiatrists based on the DSM-5 clinical procedures over a two-month survey in a primary care facility in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Results

There were 15.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.9-19.2) of the population having depressive disorders, with major depressive disorder being the most prevalent subtype at 8% (95% CI 5.9-10.6). General practitioners could detect depressive disorders in 2.5% of all cases (95% CI .5-7.7). Significantly linked with depressive disorders in multivariable analysis were Chinese ethnic or other minority races (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 4.10, 95% CI 1.04-16.12), and low economic status (aOR = 5.41, 95% CI 1.29-22.59).

Conclusions

The high prevalence of depressive disorders in outpatients of primary care clinics may raise the awareness of the practitioners about screening and other appropriate actions to tackle the issue.
Education-Based Gap in Misinformation Acceptance: Does the Gap Increase as Misinformation Exposure Increases?
Authors: Hwang Yoori , Jeong Se-Hoon
Published: November 2022

Based on the knowledge gap hypothesis as a theoretical framework, the present study examines (a) whether there is an education-based gap in misinformation acceptance, (b) whether the education-based gap could be explained by differences in issue knowledge, information processing, and media dependency, and (c) whether the education-based gap in misinformation acceptance widens as the level of exposure to misinformation increases. We conducted a survey of 821 Korean adults regarding their acceptance of misinformation related to COVID-19 vaccination. First, we found that there was an education-based gap in misinformation acceptance such that those with lower education were more likely to accept misinformation. Second, we found that the effect was mediated by low issue knowledge, less systematic processing, and dependency on social media. Third, the education-based gap in misinformation acceptance widened when misinformation exposure increased. These results are consistent with the knowledge gap hypothesis and the theoretical and practical implications are further discussed.
Fixed-time robust trajectory tracking control for quadrotor UAV with disturbances
Authors: Shao Shikai , Wang Shu , Zhao Yuanjie , Huang Gongfa
Published: November 2022

Trajectory tracking control of nonlinear system with disturbances has been extensively investigated. A novel fixed-time robust trajectory tracking control scheme for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with disturbances is proposed in this paper. First, the quadrotor system is split into position and attitude loops. With the purpose of restraining coupling disturbances on position loop forced by imperfect attitude tracking, a novel fixed-time unknown input observer (UIO) is devised to accurately estimate the disturbances, with the unique feature that does not need the upper bound of disturbances or the derivatives. Second, taking unmeasurable velocity and unknown external disturbances into account for attitude loop, a fixed-time extended state observer (ESO) is proposed to precisely observe them within a fixed time. Third, considering control accuracy and convergence rate, robust fixed-time controllers are, respectively, designed for position and attitude loops, and the convergence time of overall system is independent of system initial states. Then, a comprehensive stability proof for the two-loop system is presented with a combination of bi-limit homogeneity and Lyapunov technique. Finally, simulations and comparisons are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed control scheme.
Hydrocarbon Expulsion Threshold: Significance and Applications to Oil and Gas Exploration
Authors: Pang Xiongqi , Lerche Ian , Fajin Chen , Zhangming Chen
Published: November 2022

Hydrocarbon explusion threshold (HET) is the critical condition for hydrocarbon expulsion in separate phase from a source rock when the generated hydrocarbon amount has satisfied all needs for absorption by minerals, solution in water, and blocking of capillary pressure. Research results show that the HET varies mainly with three geological parameters: total organic carbon content (C%), kerogen type index (KTI) and thermal maturation degree (R0). Source rocks with low C% and KTI cross the HET at a high level of maturation degree (larger R0); source rocks with lower R0 and C% can also cross the HET if the kerogen has a larger KTI. Under general geological conditions, a source rock first crosses the methane expulsion threshold (HETgl), then the heavy hydrocarbon gas threshold (HETgn), and finally the liquid hydrocarbon expulsion threshold (HET0). In this paper the concept of HET, and its critical conditions, are applied to establish the scientific validity of the concept and grade the source rocks, to study the phases of hydrocarbons in migration and the mechanisms of hydrocarbon accumulation, and to divide the hydrocarbon expulsion into stages.

Applications to different basins in China show that HET provides an accurate and efficient method to guide oil and gas prospecting.
High Performer Peer Effects: A Review, Synthesis, and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Hendricks Jonathan L. , Call Matthew L. , Campbell Elizabeth M.
Published: November 2022

For decades, scholars and managers alike have shared a sustained interest in harnessing the talents of high-performing employees primarily due to their disproportionate contributions. An emerging research stream has begun examining the diverse effects that high performers elicit on their peers. Prior work now spans multiple organizational fields of study and utilizes a variety of high performer conceptualizations, theoretical lenses, and methodological approaches to examine the main effects of high performers as well as the boundary conditions of these effects. However, the body of work on high performers has yet to be systematically reviewed to synthesize the current state of the high performer literature and build commonality across disciplines. In this multidisciplinary review, we first establish conceptual clarity on what a high performer is (and is not) and identify the conceptualization of high performers used in current research. We then use appraisal theories to create a framework to organize the cognitive, affective, and behavioral peer effects sparked by high performers as well as to build an integrative view of the psychological mechanisms through which peers interpret and react to high performers. Following this, we outline several boundary conditions of high performer peer effects, including the characteristics of high performers, peers, and the context in which high performers and peers interact. We further consider how the various operationalizations of high performers are associated with different peer effects. We conclude by identifying and elaborating several avenues for future research that may yield useful cross-disciplinary insights.
Press coverage of sexual abuse by members of the Catholic Church in France (2016–2020)
Authors: Dubec Sophie , Morin Céline , Atlani-Duault Laëtitia
Published: November 2022

While sexual abuse by members of the Catholic Church is a topic of growing importance, and the subject of much work to understand its construction as a public problem, little research has attempted to analyse the press coverage of this phenomenon. This article focuses on French press coverage of sexual violence committed by Catholic Church members between 2016 and 2020, a period of intense coverage, and aims to grasp its causes and solutions as reported in the daily national press. Based on content analysis using an inductive framing grid that lists the causes and solutions reported by four major national daily newspapers, the study results reveal a tendency to highlight systemic causes, particularly the role played by the silence of the Church in the perpetuation of violence, while reporting extensively on individual cases. This reflects both the strong movement of recognition of the victims, as well as their driving role in the newspapers’ exposure of the phenomenon.
Nitinol stents placed in iliac veins are not associated with prolonged back pain
Authors: Snow Chloe , Pappas Sydney , Sulakvelidze Levan , Kennedy Richard , Lakhanpal Sanjiv , Pappas Peter J
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Endovascular stenting is the standard of care for the management of symptomatic chronic venous obstruction. The increased radial resistive force and longer lengths of Nitinol stents have led to questions over persistent post-operative back pain. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the incidence and severity of post-operative back pain of Nitinol stents compared to Wallstents.

Methods

A retrospective review of data at the Center for Vascular Medicine was performed. Patient demographics, pre-operative, one week, three-, six,- and 12 month visual analog pain scores (VAS) for back pain, stent type, diameter, length, and vein locations were assessed.

Results

From April 2014 to November 2021, 627 (412 women/215 men) patients were assessed for the presence of post-operative back pain after an initial iliac vein stent placement. Stents utilized were Wallstents ( n = 114), Venovo ( n = 342), and Abre ( n = 171). The most common Nitinol stent diameter and lengths were 14 mm, 16 mm, and 120 mm, respectively ( p ≤ .03). The incidence of back pain at one week was 66% (411/627). VAS scores at one week and one, three, and six months post-operatively were the following: Wallstents-2.6 ± 3 ( n = 66), 1.7 ± 2.6 ( n = 43) 0.7 ± 2 ( n = 51), and 0 ± 0 ( n = 27); Abre-3.5 ± 3 ( n = 130), 3.8 ± 3 ( n = 19), 1.2 ± 2.5 ( n = 12), and 1 ± 2 ( n = 5); and Venovo- 2.5 ± 3 ( n = 216), 2.4 ± 3 ( n = 70), 0.9 ± 2 ( n = 68), and 0.6 ± 1.7 ( n = 49). There was no difference in the severity of back pain at any time point ( p ≥ .99). The development of back pain was unrelated to stent type, diameter, length, or covered vein territory.

Conclusions

Post-operative back pain was observed in 66% of patients at one week. The average pain score at one week for the entire cohort was three, which declined to less than one at one month. No difference in the severity of back pain between groups was observed at any time point, and the development of back pain is unrelated to stent type, diameter, length, or covered vein territory.
Professors’ motivational styles, future orientation, and engagement: A qualitative study in professor–student dyads in the school of music
Authors: Herrera Dora , Iberico Carlos , Matos Lennia , Cerna Yasmin
Published: November 2022

Self-determination and future orientation theories confirm a relationship between motivational context, hopes/fears, and positive/negative outcomes. This study’s aims are threefold: to provide a qualitative inquiry into earlier quantitative findings; to probe whether music professors’ self-perceived motivational styles (autonomy-supportive or controlling) are consistent with their students’ perceptions; and to analyze the relationship between students’ perception of professors’ motivational styles, their hopes/fears (as a cognitive representation of Future Orientation), and engagement concerning their career. Seven dyads from a Peruvian university’s music program participated in the study. Qualitative studies in Peruvian music schools are scarce. An interview was used for data collection, and Atlas.ti 7.5.4. software was employed for analysis. Professors reported their motivational style mostly as autonomy-supportive, but not every student confirmed this self-perception. Some professors are perceived as controlling, and in some instances, the professor’s self-perception corroborates this description. Students’ hopes were generally related to music engagement. A clear relationship between students’ perception of their professor’s autonomy support, their hopes, and music engagement was found. In one dyad, the perception of a controlling motivational style was found to be associated with fears and with a lack of engagement. These findings confirm previous reports from quantitative studies.
Knock, knock, who’s there? Leader humor, leader–member exchange, and the dimensions of engagement
Authors: Winton Bradley G , Sabol Misty A
Published: November 2022

The workplace is rife with the use of humor. However, the theoretical ties between the use of leader humor and common employee outcomes remain incomplete. This research extends social exchange theory to investigate the activities through which leader humor enables followers' physical, cognitive, and emotional engagement. The argument is made that leaders can utilize humor as a socioemotional resource to facilitate high-quality relationships with followers. Accordingly, hypotheses are developed to suggest a mediated relationship between leader humor and the three dimensions of engagement through the leader–member exchange (LMX). Data from a two-wave study in the United States support these hypotheses and highlight leader–follower exchange as a necessary linkage to follower engagement. These results suggest that it is not enough for leaders to be amusing. Instead, leaders need to build strong connections with their followers through the exchange of social and emotional support. This research adds to the knowledge of leader humor in the organizational setting by establishing a connection between leader humor and each of the engagement facets. Additionally, this research expands the LMX literature by drawing attention to leader humor as a valuable socioemotional resource.
When does CEO succession lead to strategic change? The mediating role of top management team replacement
Authors: Wangrow David B , Schepker Donald J , Barker Vincent L
Published: November 2022

While mandates for strategic change may accompany the selection of new Chief Executive Officer (CEOs), the broader set of leadership changes necessary for strategic change remains unclear. Motivated by upper echelons and resource dependence theories, direct relationships between three structural events associated with CEO succession and strategic change are examined, as well as whether these relationships are mediated by replacing top management team (TMT) members. Significant mediated relationships are found in which TMT replacement mediates the relationships of pre-succession firm performance and hiring an outsider as CEO with post-succession strategic change. Involuntary CEO turnover is found to be directly related to post-succession strategic change, with no significant mediating effects from TMT replacement. These findings suggest that boards seeking strategic change following a CEO succession should also consider TMT member succession, including whether CEO candidates can leverage their networks to attract new TMT members with human and social capital that supports strategic change objectives.
Managerial attention and knowledge-based dynamic capabilities: A meta-theoretical approach to competitive advantage
Authors: Kaur Vaneet
Published: November 2022

The development of competitive advantage as a field of academic inquiry has come at the price of significant fragmentation of the overall scientific quest. The existing competitiveness studies are mainly characterized by mono-level research related to separate levels of analysis accompanied by the absence of a synthesis of various approaches. Thus, promising concepts of managerial attention, knowledge processes, and dynamic capabilities, emanating from varied strategic theories, have been integrated to develop a robust multilevel, meta-theoretical framework which explains: (a) how dynamic capabilities originate through the cognition of individual employees at the micro level, allowing managers and knowledge workers to systematically recognize the need for change in current routines and capabilities; (b) how individual-level abilities are amplified when they are harnessed to form knowledge capabilities, thereby orchestrating an idiosyncratic knowledge base at the meso level; and (c) how the multiple, firm-specific combinations of attention capabilities, knowledge capabilities, and higher-order dynamic capabilities together produce heterogeneous attention-based and knowledge-based dynamic capabilities that are capable of triggering instant yet systematic resource realignment to create the potential for sustainable competitive advantage at the macro level.
Nitrogen cycling in aquatic environments of China: Progress and future challenges
Authors: Hou Lijun , Gao Dengzhou , Zheng Yanling , Li Xiaofei , Yin Guoyu , Dong Hongpo , Liang Xia , Liu Min
Published: November 2022

Aquatic environments are hot spots of nitrogen (N) cycling and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. Understanding key N biogeochemical processes and N2O dynamics is critical for uncovering the responses of aquatic environments to human activities. In this study, we summarized the development of techniques and approaches for determination of N cycling processes and N2O sources in aquatic environments of China. We also reviewed the main N transformation processes and associated biogeochemical controls in aquatic environments of China (e.g., constructed wetlands, paddy fields, lakes, rivers, aquaculture ponds, and estuaries and coasts). In addition, we further synthesized N2O dynamics in these aquatic environments. The results suggested that N cycling processes have been greatly concerned in various aquatic environments of China, whereas more comprehensive analyses of N cycling processes are still sparse for projecting N fates and dynamics in response to changing environments, largely limiting the implementation of N management strategy of China. Aquatic environments of China may be the important sources of atmospheric N2O, but the production and consumption processes of N2O need to be further studied for effective greenhouse gas mitigation. We also argued that it is urgently necessary to incorporate microbial traits into biogeochemical ecosystem modeling to improve the estimation reliability of N cycling and N2O dynamics. This review highlights the importance of N cycling and N2O dynamics, as well as associated environmental implications, and presents the directions of future research on N cycling in aquatic environments of China.
Research and Application of Compact Air-Coupled Ground Penetrating Radar in Thin-Layer Asphalt Thickness Testing and Vibration Resistant Calibration Method
Authors: Xue Lige , Zhao Xun , Xu Feiyun , Xu Zhi
Published: November 2022

For high-precision continuous thickness measurement of thin-layer asphalt loose paving, the paper proposes a compact ground penetrating radar (GPR) solution with smaller volume than the conventional air-coupled antenna. It takes into account the minimum identifiable thickness of the GPR tailing characteristics of radar signals, the common thickness range of thin-layer asphalt, and the vibration of construction machinery. In general, the overlap between bottom reflection and surface reflection of thin-layer asphalt can be solved by subtracting the reflection of the asphalt surface from the calibration waveform file of a metal plate. However, because the operating environment of asphalt paving is not suitable to realize the frequent static calibration of metal plates, the paper designs a bow-tie antenna loaded with high loss absorbent material substrate, which significantly improves the signal tailing phenomenon and greatly reduces the size of the air-coupled antenna. At the same time, in view of dynamic change of paver vibration and the requirements of the construction site, less calibration is more advantageous. Based on the full-amplitude reflection method, a fitting formula for the dielectric constant of asphalt suitable for mechanical vibration is proposed in this paper, to further improve the engineering applicability of the detection system. Finally, static calibration asphalt thickness, dynamic measured dielectric constant asphalt thickness, and manual sampling thickness under three construction conditions are compared, and the capability of the compact air-coupled GPR detection system proposed in this paper is comprehensively verified.
In-Depth Understanding of Pedestrian–Vehicle Near-Crash Events at Signalized Intersections: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Kong Xiaoqiang , Das Subasish , Zhang Yunlong , Wei Zihang , Yuan Chi-hao
Published: November 2022

This study used a pedestrian-involved near-crash database and adopted an interpretable machine learning framework using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to understand the factors associated with critical pedestrian-involved near-crash events. The results indicate that pedestrians with a relatively higher walking speed are more likely to be involved in critical near-crash events. Furthermore, critical pedestrian-involved near-crash events are highly associated with vehicles with driving speeds of less than 10 mph. A higher pedestrian volume is highly associated with critical near-crash events with left-turn vehicles. It is possible that a higher pedestrian volume increases the occurrence of jaywalking behavior or encourages more pedestrians to step into the crosswalk when they should not. By contrast, a higher pedestrian volume is highly associated with non-critical near-crash events with right-turn vehicles. Right-turn vehicles often expect that there will be pedestrians crossing, and a higher volume of pedestrian traffic increases a driver’s awareness and caution while turning. The study also found that a longer signal cycle is highly associated with critical near-crash events when the pedestrian volume is low, while a relatively short signal cycle length is highly associated with critical near-crash events when the pedestrian volume is high. During non-peak hours, pedestrians have less tolerance for a relatively longer signal cycle. Moreover, a relatively shorter signal cycle length at peak hours will limit the number of pedestrians that can cross during a cycle and encourage the possibility of pedestrians jaywalking or stepping onto the crosswalk when they should not.