bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bovine mastitis bacteria in Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
Authors: Camsing Apinya , Phetburom Nattamol , Chopjitt Peechanika , Pumhirunroj Benjamabhorn , Patikae Patinya , Watwiengkam Nattaya , Yongkiettrakul Suganya , Kerdsin Anusak , Boueroy Parichart
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland of dairy cattle that causes economic losses due to poor quantity and quality of milk. The extensive or incorrect use of antibiotics has increased in the veterinary field, leading to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens worldwide. This study aimed to investigate bovine mastitis bacterial pathogens in Sakon Nakhon, Thailand.

Materials and Methods: A total of 35 dairy farms were screened for clinical and subclinical mastitis using the California Mastitis Test and clinical examination. Polymerase chain reaction was used to characterize bacterial species-induced mastitis (380 isolates) in cattle and antimicrobial resistance genes, and disk diffusion and broth microdilution were used to characterize antimicrobial susceptibility.

Results: The prevalence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (38.10%; 32/84)-induced mastitis in cattle was considerably high, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (33.33%), Streptococcus uberis (25%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.33%), and Staphylococcus aureus (4.76%). In this study, Staphylococcus spp. isolates demonstrated 100% susceptibility to cefoxitin, and no antibiotic-resistance genes were identified. Tetracycline (TET) and macrolide-resistant genes of Streptococcus spp. revealed that tetM was predominant in 55.63% (79/142), followed by tetS + erm(B) (16.90%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed the following resistance profiles to bacterial species: TET (85.92%), clindamycin (29.58%), erythromycin (15.49%), levofloxacin (14.08%), and penicillin (0%). Gram-negative bacterial isolates (K. pneumoniae [8.33%], Klebsiella variicola [2.38%], Klebsiella quasipneumoniae [1.19%], and Escherichia coli [1.19%]) were recovered and still susceptible to meropenem (100%), ceftazidime (97.06%), ceftriaxone (79.41%), and ciprofloxacin (79.41%).

Conclusion: This result suggested that mastitis pathogens in this area were susceptible to most antimicrobials, with the exception of streptococci against TET. In this study, limited data were available including one from small-holder dairy farms and study only dairy farms in Sakon Nakhon, Thailand. So, more farms should be included in the future studies.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, bovine mastitis, genotype, phenotype, Thailand.
Comparative characteristics of treatment methods for chronic stomatitis in pediatric patients
Authors: Kuzmiankova A , Asiryan E
Published: June 2024

Study of the immunological effectiveness of the use of standard treatment, according to protocols, and the use of standard treatment in combination with magnetic laser exposure in children with chronic stomatitis. Materials and methods. 80 children with chronic stomatitis aged 4 to 18 years were examined: group E (21 children) aged 4-7 years and group R (19 children) aged 8-18 years received only standard treatment, group F (21 children) at the age of 4-7 years and group S (19 children) at the age of 8-18 years received standard treatment in combination with magnetic laser exposure. The control groups consisted of children without a history of diseases of the oral mucosa aged 4-7 years (group C, n=20) and children aged 8-18 years (group D, n=20). The levels of alpha-amylase, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, myeloperoxidase, immunoglobulin M, and secretory immunoglobulin A were determined. Results. In group E, the initial levels of lactoferrin, sIgA, IgM and myeloperoxidase were statistically significantly higher (p<0.05) than in group C. After treatment, the levels of lactoferrin, sIgA and myeloperoxidase decreased compared to the initial level, but retained statistically significant differences in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). In group R, the initial levels of lysozyme, sIgA and myeloperoxidase were statistically significantly different (p<0.05). Lysozyme and sIgA levels were lower than in children in group D, and myeloperoxidase levels were higher. After treatment, the level of lysozyme increased relative to the initial level, but statistically significant differences were revealed in comparison with the control group (p <0.05). The level of sIgA reached the values of the control group (p>0.05). In group F, the levels of lysozyme, lactoferrin, sIgA and myeloperoxidase were statistically significantly higher (p<0.05) than in children of group C. The level of IgM was statistically significantly lower (p<0.05). After treatment, the levels of lysozyme, lactoferrin, sIgA, IgM and myeloperoxidase reached the levels of group C (p>0.05). In group S, the levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin were statistically significantly lower (p<0.05) than in children of group D, and the level of myeloperoxidase was higher (p<0.05). After treatment, the levels of lysozyme, lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase reached the levels of the control group (p>0.05). In groups E and R, positive dynamics were observed in the levels of the studied indicators, however, statistically significant differences remained (p>0.05) in comparison with control groups C and D. In group F and S, the levels of the studied indicators reached the levels of control groups C and D, and there were no statistically significant differences (p <0.05). Conclusion. The inclusion of magnetic laser exposure in standard therapy promotes the dynamics of immune status indicators (lysozyme, lactoferrin, alpha-amylase, myeloperoxidase, immunoglobulin M, secretory immunoglobulin A) in children with chronic stomatitis aged 4-18 years.
Clinical significance of serum levels of ferritin, interleukins 6 and 17A in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Volkava M , Kundzer A , Generalov I , Zheleznjak N , Senkovich S
Published: June 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by significant clinical polymorphism. To optimize the treatment of RA, it is necessary to develop a personalized approach based on the determination of the value of various biomarkers in the clinical course of RA. The aim of this work was to determine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and ferritin in RA and to establish their effect on the clinical course of RA. Methods. The object of the study was 62 patients with RA and 33 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 17A (IL-17A), and ferritin were determined. The study of the interrelationships of the studied indicators with clinical and laboratory-instrumental parameters was carried out. Results. The study found an increase in the levels of cytokines IL-6 and IL-17A, as well as ferritin in RA compared with the control group (p<0.05). Subsequently, all patients were divided into three groups depending on the level of ferritin established in the study. The presence of differences in the main clinical and immunological parameters between the groups was analyzed. Differences in CRP levels were found between the study groups, it was the lowest in the low ferritin group compared to the other two groups (p<0.05). The levels of IL-17A and IL-6 did not differ between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions. Serum ferritin is a promising and affordable biomarker in RA and can be used for personalized assessment of the condition of a patient with RA, differential diagnosis of anemia, and risk assessment of macrophage activation syndrome. The pathogenetic pathways of ferritin regulation in RA require further study.
Immunological and biochemical markers of adverse disease outcomes in COVID-19 and chronic heart failure
Authors: Mordyk A , Bagisheva N , Moiseeva M , Streltsova V , Antipova E
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to study immunological and biochemical markers of unfavorable outcome during coronavirus infection in patients with chronic heart failure. Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 136 patients with COVID-19, 46 of whom had chronic heart failure (CHF). All of them underwent a study of C-reactive protein (CRP) of interleukin-6 (IL-6) with assessment of the level of increase in markers (IgM, IgG to SARS-CoV-2) with an assessment of the outcome of the disease. Of these, 70 were men (24 with CHF), 66 women (22 with CHF). Median age of patients with COVID-19 48 (39; 56) years, patients with COVID-19 and CHF 58 (52; 62) years Research results. In patients with COVID-19+CHF (group 1) hospitalized, there was a less pronounced increase in IgM to SARS-CoV-2, higher IgG to SARS-CoV-2 both initially and after 8-10 days, a parallel increase in both CRP and IL-6 unlike patients with only COVID-19 without CHF (group 2). Statistically significant differences in IgM levels to SARS-CoV-2 were revealed in patients of groups 1 and 2 with a favorable outcome. The level of CRP and IL-6 in deceased patients was higher and did not tend to decrease; the changes were more pronounced in group 1. Thus, a simultaneous increase in CRP and IL-6 in patients with COVID-19 and CHF is an unfavorable prognostic parameter for patient survival. Prolongation of antibody titers, both IgM and IgG, can be considered as markers of antibody-dependent increase in infection.
Resistin is a potential marker of the activity of skin diseases accompanied by urticarial rashes
Authors: Olisova O , Teplyakova K , Smolyannikova V , Fomina D , Kovalkova E , Ershov A , Kashakanova N
Published: June 2024

Resistin is a cysteine-rich secretory protein. This protein expressed in various human organs and tissues, including white adipose tissue, lung, spleen, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, hypothalamus, intestinal epithelium, placenta, pancreas, stomach, skeletal muscle, skin and plasma. Resistin expression increases during the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and induced by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-a. After translation, resistin is stored on the neutrophil membrane, as well as in azurophilic and specific granules. Resistin is released upon activation of neutrophils. Increased resistin levels lead to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, creating a circle of chronic inflammation. Currently, the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of various chronic skin diseases is being widely studied, but the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of diseases accompanied by urticarial rashes remains poorly understood. Therefore it is of interest to study clinical and diagnostic significance of the level of resistin in peripheral blood in diseases accompanied by chronic urticarial rashes. Our aim was to determine resistin levels in chronic spontaneous urticaria and urticarial vasculitis and its correlation with the severity of these conditions. Materials and methods. A prospective observational study was conducted. The work included 30 patients with diagnoses of CSU, UV, HUV and HUVS, aged from 19 to 71 years, 42±15 [37;48], of which 25 were women and 5 men. Recruitment of patients was carried out at the Clinic of Skin and Venereal Diseases named after. V.A. Rakhmanov Sechenov University in the period from February 2022 to April 2023. Results. Resistin levels didn’t vary significantly depending on the diagnosis and were within normal values in most patients. However, when conducting a correlation analysis of the relationship between the level of serum resistin and the disease activity index, a moderately close direct relationship was established. In addition, when assessing the relationship between resistin levels and CRP levels, a weak direct relationship was established. No statistically significant relationships between CRP, ESR, leukocyte and neutrophil counts and diagnosis were found. Conclusion. Taking into account the results of our study, resistin can be considered as a biological marker of the activity of CSU, UV, HUV and HUVS. In addition, these data may be useful for a deeper and more detailed study of the pathogenesis of diseases, as well as for the development of innovative therapeutic methods.
The role of heredity in cutaneous mastocytosis and C-KIT gene mutation
Authors: Kasikhina E , Mednikova M , Ostretsova M , Kochetkov M
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Mastocytosis is a rare disease associated with the proliferation of clonal mast cells in the skin and other organs and systems. In the last decade, studies have appeared on the role of genetic factors in the development of the disease. According to their results, the mode of inheritance of mastocytosis was determined to be autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance of the gene. Aim. To analyze the frequency of familial cases of mastocytosis and describe a familial case of monomorphic type maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis (monoPPCM). Results. A family history was present in 6.7% of 341 children with mastocytosis. The article presents a description of the clinical, laboratory and instrumental features of monoPPCM in cousins (paternal kinship). The course of mastocytosis in a patient with the KIT D816V mutation in the peripheral blood was more severe than in her cousin without the mutation. Conclusion. The family case of monoMPCM presented in the article demonstrated the need for careful examination and dynamic monitoring of children with this pathology. The diagnosis of monomorphic (“adult”) type of MPCM is associated with a long course and the risk of developing systemic mastocytosis. Determining KIT mutations is necessary not only for prognosis, but also for developing a strategy for monitoring and treating the patient.
Features of primary immunodeficiency during pregnancy: clinical case
Authors: Negodnova E , Iskandyarova M , Krasnoglazova K , Radaeva O
Published: June 2024

Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a group of hereditary diseases in which individual parts of the immune system do not function properly. Most often, patients first present with clinical symptoms in childhood, but some defects may not be recognized until later in life, such as common variable immune deficiency (CVID). The desire to have a child in people suffering from PID may be accompanied by a fear of complications in the mother and the birth of a child with immunodeficiency. Management of pregnancy in women with PID is recommended with the joint participation of an obstetrician-gynecologist and an allergist-immunologist. We report a favorable outcome in a patient with CVID who continued to receive intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy during pregnancy.
Activation of CD4+CD25+CD45+ T-lymphocytes by Candida albicans in vitro in patients with leukoplakia associated with candidal stomatitis
Authors: Karpuk N , Rubnikovich S , Ishchanka A
Published: June 2024

The mechanisms and patterns of T-lymphocyte activation in response to the effects of Candida albicans are currently insufficiently studied. Therefore, the study of of lymphocytes expressing CD4, CD25, CD45 against the background of precancer and cancer of the oral mucosa is very relevant. The purpose of the study was to study the in vitro effect of Candida albicans on the expression of CD4+CD25+CD45+ T-lymphocytes in the blood of patients with candidal stomatitis with and without leukoplakia. Material and methods. The study involved 93 patients with candidal stomatitis (with and without leukoplakia) aged from 36 to 79 years with chronic and recurrent candidiasis. 30 patients with leukoplakia without candidal stomatitis aged from 38 to 71 years old. The control group consisted of 30 patients aged from 34 to 75 years without candidal stomatitis and leukoplakia. Leukocytes from peripheral blood patients were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C with 2.5 μl of Candida albicans (experimental sample) and with 2.5 μl of buffered saline (control sample). The cells were then phenotyped with CD4+CD25+CD45+ monoclonal antibodies. Conclusions. In the control sample, CD25 expression was higher in the groups of patients with candidiasis (with and without leukoplakia). The expression of activation markers – CD25+-increased on patient lymphocytes in the experimental sample. There were more activated T lymphocytes in response to stimulation by fungi of the genus Candida albicans (p<0.05), compared to lymphocytes in the control sample. The main increase was observed in the group of patients with leukoplakia, candidal stomatitis and endothelial dysplasia, in which Treg lymphocytes were determined. These data confirm the presence of a pronounced response of CD4+ T lymphocytes to fungi of the genus Candida albicans in patients with candidal stomatitis.
Isolated and combined pneumocystosis of the pulmonary in patients with HIV infection according to the results of pathomorphological study
Authors: Puzyreva L , Sitnikova S , Tolokh I , Kuzovkin A , Zablotskaya E , Iovova N , Balabokhina M , Musin M
Published: June 2024

The most common opportunistic disease in patients with HIV infection is Pneumocystis pneumonia, diagnosis of which is not difficult, and treatment significantly reduces the risk of death. Purpose of the study. To analyze the results of a pathomorphological study of the lungs with isolated pneumocystis and in combination with other lung diseases (bacterial, cytomegalovirus pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis) in patients with HIV infection. Materials and methods of research. The results of pathomorphological studies of patients with HIV infection (n=141), who were previously observed in hospitals in the region: patients with pneumocystis pneumonia (n=24), with pneumocystis pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia (n=52), with pneumocystis pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis (n=56), with pneumocystis and cytomegalovirus pneumonia (n=9). Results. At the time of death, 72.7% of patients with HIV infection had a viral load level of more than 300000, and 83.7% had a CD4+ lymphocyte level of less than 41 cells/μl. In all patients, treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was started too late. A pathological examination of patients with HIV infection and isolated Pneumocystis pneumonia revealed changes characteristic of this disease. Nosocomial microorganisms were identified in patients with pneumocystosis and bacterial pneumonia. At autopsy in patients with HIV infection with Pneumocystis pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis, the picture of tuberculosis was varied, heterogeneous and significantly different from classic granulomatous inflammation. With combined damage to the lungs by pneumocystis and cytomegalovirus, foamy, vacuole-like granular masses (PCS-positive), accumulations of neutrophilic leukocytes were observed in the lumens of the alveoli, and single cells of the “owl’s eye” type were detected. Conclusion. A pathological autopsy confirmed mixed infection in patients with HIV infection.
Physiology of walking and postural control
Authors: Jahn K. , Krewer C. , Decker J. , Zwergal A. , Wuehr M.
Published: June 2024

Standing upright and walking are natural but complex sensorimotor activities that are performed without much cognitive load. In gait disorders, the complexity of postural control becomes apparent. This article shows which aspects are important for balance and gait. Identifying the specific disturbances in an individual case is essential for tailoring effective and targeted therapy. Keywords: balance, gait, postural control, sensory systems, spinal systems, musculoskeletal aspects
Modeling and automation of the process for detecting duplicate objects in memory snapshots
Authors: Mitikov Nikolay Y. , Guk Natalia A.
Published: June 2024

The paper is devoted to the problem of detectingincreased memory usage by software applications. The modern software development cycle is focused on functionality and often overlooks aspects of optimal resource utilization. Limited physical scalability sets an upper limit on the system's capacity to handle requests. The presence of immutable objects with identical information indicates increased memory consumption. Avoiding duplicates of objects in memory allows for more rational use of existing resources and increases the volumes of processed information. Existing scientific publications focus on investigating memory leaks, limiting attention to excessive memory use due to the lack of a unified model for finding excessive memory use.It should be noted that existing programming patterns include the “object pool”pattern, but leave the decision on its implementation to engineers without providing mathematical grounding. This paper presents the development of a mathematical model for the process of detecting duplicates of immutable String type objects in amemory snapshot. Industrial systems that require hundreds ofgigabytesof random-accessmemoryto operate and contain millions of objects in memory have been analyzed. At such data scales, there is a need to optimize specifically the process of finding duplicates. The research method is the analysis of memory snapshots of high-load systems using software code developed on.NETtechnology and the ClrMDlibrary. A memory snapshot reflects the state of the process under investigation at a particular moment in time, containing all objects, threads, and operations being performed. The ClrMD library allows programmatic exploration of objects, their types, obtaining field values, and constructing graphs of relationships between objects. The series of experiments was conducted on Windows-backed machines, although similar results can be obtained on Linux thanks to cross-platform object memory layout pattern. The results of the study proposed an optimization that allows speeding up the process of finding duplicates several times. The scientificcontribution of the research lies in the creation of a mathematically substantiated approach that significantly reduces memory resource use and optimizes computational processes. The practical utility of the model is confirmed by the optimization results achieved thanks to the obtained recommendations, reducing hosting costs (which provides greater economic efficiency in the deployment and use of software systems in industrial conditions), and increasing the volumes of processed data.
Information support to solve direct dynamic problem for the previouslydisturbed electromechanicalsystems
Authors: Voliansky Roman S. , Sadovoi Oleksandr V. , Tolochko Olga I. , Shramko Yurii Yu.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the creation of methodological foundations for solving a direct problem of dynamics for linear dynamic systems, the motion of which is described by ordinary differential equations with nonzero initial conditions. Consideration of the motions of linear dynamic systems allows to simplify the mathematical apparatus used and to solve motion determination problems by using a known approach based on transfer functions. However, due to the fact that the classical definition of transfer functions does not involve taking into account non-zero initial conditions, which are caused by the presence of initial deviations of the coordinates of the control object from their desired values, in our work we use the Laplace-Carson transformation to find the corresponding images and write the equations of motion in operator form. This approach, in contrast to the generally acceptedone, led to the introduction of information about the initial conditions of motion in the right-hand side of the corresponding operator differential equations and necessitated the generalization of the vector of control signals by including in it components that take into account the initial conditions of motion of the system under consideration. Such transformations made it possible to generalize the concept of a matrix transfer function as a matrix linear dynamic operator, which consists of two components that define disturbed free and controlled forced movements. The use of such an operator makes it possible to study the dynamics of the considered linear system both separately for each of the components of the generalized vector of controlling influences, and in the complex, thus solving the direct problem of the dynamics of linear systems.
On the modification of GL-models by adding edges to a cyclic graph
Authors: Romankevich Vitaliy A. , Morozov Kostiantyn V. , Romankevich Alexei M. , Morozova Anna V. , Zacharioudakis Lefteris
Published: June 2024

This work suggests a method for constructing GL-models of fault-tolerant multiprocessor systems. These models can be used, in particular, to estimate the reliability parameters of the latter by conducting statistical experiments with models of their behavior in the failure flow.Two cases are considered: the non-basicsystem, unlike the basicsystem, is resistant to somefailures of increased multiplicity, or else, on the contrary, the non-basicsystem is vulnerableto certain failures that do not lead to the failure of the basicsystem. In this case, the condition under which the system’s behavior differs from the baselinecorresponds to a Boolean expression, thatdepends on the values of the elements of the system state vector, which characterizes the states of its processors in the failure flow. According to the method proposed in the article, amodel of such system is built by adding an edge or several edges to the so-called MLE-model, atype of GL-model, thatcan be constructed for any basicsystem and isbased on cyclic graphs. The edge function for this edge is formed based on the aforementioned Boolean expression. The models constructed by the proposed method are also based on cyclic graphs, which, in particular, significantly simplifythe procedure for assessing the connectivityof the last ones. A series of experiments have been conducted to confirm the adequacy of the models (obtained by the proposed method) to the behavior of systems in the failure flow. This work presents examplesthat demonstratethe process of constructing GL-models for non-basicfault-tolerant multiprocessor systemsusingthe proposed method for both of the above cases.
Information system for analyzing publicsentiment in web platforms based on machine learning
Authors: Uhryn Dmytro I. , Karachevtsev Artem O. , Tomka Yurii Ya. , Zakharov Mykyta M. , Troianovska Yuliia L.
Published: June 2024

The systems for studying public sentiment in web platforms are analyzed. Various tools and methods for effectively determining the mood in textual data from web platforms are described, including the formalization of the social graph and the content graph.The process of classifying comments, which includes the systematization and categorization of statements, is investigated. Based on the studied dataset, information on customer reviews and hotel ratings in Europe from the booking.com web platform is selected. Taking into account the requirements of the information system and the results of the analysis, it is determined that in order to obtain better results in determining the emotional connotation of the texts of reviews and messages from users, the most appropriate is the use of machine learning methods, taking into account natural language methods for processing text data. When choosing a text vectorization method for machine learning, the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency Vectorizer was chosen as the most effective among the studied methods. The architectural structure of the studied system is proposed, which is aimed at effective interaction between components and modules. The LogisticRegression model is chosen to determine the publicmood. An information system has been developed that analyzes public sentiment about objects, uses advanced machine learning technologies to assess the emotional connotation of text comments, and provides users with insights and analysis of the results.
The method of automated filling of the database with descriptions of human physical exercises
Authors: Volkov Albert S. , Blazhko Oleksandr A.
Published: June 2024

Presently, human-computer interaction employs infrared cameras equipped with motion tracking capabilities, facilitating the automatic generation of spatial descriptions for multiple human joints. The use of such cameras allows for the creation of active computer games, where the player can control the game process by performing physical exercises or specific gestures. The study examined support systems for computer games with physical exercises and identified the lack of an ability to modify the description of physical exercises in a separate database. The authors created a prototype for a computer game that incorporates physical exercises, storing them in the database as a series of gestures. However, the experiments revealed several drawbacks: the requirement for a specialist to independently populate the database with physical exercise descriptions, the potential for errors in the analysis of physical exercises, and the labor-intensive process of database filling. Therefore, the goal of this work was to reduce the time required to populate the database for identifying human physical exercises based on the spatial description of multiple joints formed by the infrared camera. To achieve this goal, the authors proposed the creation of a visual constructor for physical exercises and a method for automating the database's recognition of physical exercises. The practical significance of the work is as follows, the authors developed software, that includes the following steps: saving the states of joint positions over a specified period, processing the obtained joint state data from the spatial description, determining the logical relationships between the joints (greater, less, or equal), removing duplicate descriptions, identifying errors by the specialist using the visual constructor for physical exercises, and populating the database. The article examined the labor intensity of manually populating the database and the proposed method using physical exercises containing three, five, seven, and ten gestures. The results of the analysis showed a reduction in the labor intensity of populating the database using the proposed method by two point six to three point six times, depending on the complexity and specifics of the physical exercise. All experiments in the work were conducted using the Microsoft Kinect 2, which has been discontinued, but this does not affect the relevance of the work, as Microsoft encourages developers to continue using the existing Kinect Developer Kit programming environment for the Femto Bolt and Femto Mega infrared cameras from Orbex.
Research into the possibilities of improving Proof-of-Work blockchain technology
Authors: Soloviova Diana V. , Antoshchuk Svitlana G. , Boltenkov Viktor O.
Published: June 2024

This work is devoted to tothe research into the possibilities of improving Proof-of-Work blockchain technology based on dynamic clustering of nodes to reduce transaction time.To eliminate the problem with the Proof-of-Work mechanism, which is considered in this work, it is necessary to solve the problem of reducing the amount of time spent on a transaction. It is proposed to implement this by dividing the system into subnets: when the consensus is not accepted by the entire community, but it is accepted by groups separately –thus minimizing the transaction time in the Proof-of-Statealgorithm. There is no ready-made solution for the Proof-of-Workdynamic consensus mechanism that would be successfully applied in blockchain technologies. All existing algorithms for dividing the blockchain network into subgroups are used only for static algorithms, but Proof-of-Workis dynamic and has certain features: there is no scope;the user does not see the list of nodes. These features greatly complicate the implementation of clustering for the Proof-of-Workconsensus mechanism.The task of this study is the formulation of hypotheses and the verification of the formulated hypotheses, which are aimed at increasing the speed of the transaction. For verification, it is proposed to simulate a blockchain network to conduct experiments and test hypotheses that can potentially solve the Proof-of-Work problem.To develop a wayforimproving the Proof-of-Work consensus mechanism by implementing dynamic clustering of network nodes, flexibility and scalability, minimal impact on the existing blockchain protocol are taken into account, security issues are also important, managementof the process of accepting new nodes to avoid possible attacks and ensure integrity and network security.Existing methods of improving Proof-of-Worktechnology, clustering methods that can be applied to the network are analyzed;problems that arise when developing a new technique are identified. A blockchainnetwork modeling system has been developed and implemented, with the help of which the approach of dynamic grouping of nodes of the blockchain network, in which the system is divided into subsystems,is implemented.The results of the study allow us to conclude: the cluster system gives improved values of the number of transactions per second (by two hundredthstransactions), average transaction time (by one and sixty-seven hundredthsseconds), throughput (by two tenthstransactions), transaction delay (by one and six hundred sixty-seven thousandths seconds) and significantly reduces the total energy consumption of the system (a difference of five thousand, one hundred twenty-two units). This indicates the potential of the proposed method in various practical applications.
Lietuvos partizaninio karo pasakojimas: trijų kartų tyrimas
Authors:   , Paskočiumaitė Greta
Published: June 2024

Lietuvos partizaninio karo pasakojimas: trijų kartų tyrimas
Importance of adequate and timely diagnosis in non-neoplasic bone lesions: case report
Authors: Calderón Jorge Dania , Órdenes Gabriela Araya , Meneses Sebastián Silva , Canales Lucas Silva , Benavides Christopher Yong , Araujo José Torrealba
Published: June 2024

Non-ossifying ﬁbroma is deﬁned as a bone lesion of non-neoplasic origin, characterized by the presence of ﬁbrous tissue in eddies, it differs from the ﬁbrous cortical defect due to its size, being the result of the periosteal cortical bone development defect that leads to failure of ossiﬁcation. We present a case of a 12-year-old female adolescent who comes to this center presenting knee pain, claudication while walking and reduced range of motion of the left knee and that in the CT scan shows a hyper-enhanced lesion, hypointense on T1, hyperintense on T2, in addition to cortical lesion at the level of both distal femurs. Planning is carried out for taking a percutaneous biopsy whose report reports a non-ossifying ﬁbroma of the bilateral distal femur, and it is decided to perform surgery on the right distal femur, with good results, in the case the clinical and radiographic characteristics of the patient and the resolution of this are described.
Comparison of Simultaneously Performed Transcranial Doppler and Transthoracic Echocardiogram in Patients with Suspected Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Tan Zhibin , Lee Phong Teck , Manohararaj Nijanth , Tan Ju Le , Chang Hui Meng
Published: June 2024

Background: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a distinctive aetiology of cryptogenic stroke. The established benchmark for diagnosing PFO is the transoesophageal echocardiography with agitated saline or ‘bubble’ (TOE-b) study. Transcranial Doppler with bubble (TCD-b) or transthoracic echocardiography with bubble (TTE-b) examinations are common initial screening tests for PFO. However, the degree of concordance and discordance between the results of these two approaches remain unclear. Methods: In this prospective observational study, individuals presenting with suspected PFO-associated stroke between 2018 and 2021 underwent simultaneous TCD-b and TTE-b examinations within a joint neuro-cardiovascular laboratory to assess rates of concordance and discordance between TCD-b and TTE-b results. Additionally, data from any subsequent TOE-b studies were gathered. Results: Twenty-two patients were included. Ten patients (45%) exhibited concordantly negative findings and seven patients (32%) had concordantly positive results. Discordant outcomes were recorded in five patients (23%). Subsequently, a subset of seven patients (32%) underwent TOE-b, which confirmed the presence of right-to-left shunts. Among these cases, TCD-b consistently and accurately identified right-to-left shunts in all instances. In contrast, four out of these seven cases exhibited negative TTE-b results. Conclusion: This study indicates that there is significant discordance between TCD-b and TTE-b results (five of 22; 23%). Additionally, the results suggest that TCD-b might be a more effective screening test for detecting PFO compared with TTE-b.
Conexões com Champagnat
Authors: Wurlitzer Ana Paula
Published: June 2024

O projeto “Conexões com Champagnat: um currículo em pastoral” foi desenvolvido na Unidade Marista Escola Social Lúcia Mayvorne, localizada em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Foi inspirado pela autora a partir do 1º módulo do Curso Hermitage, no qual criou um documento que orienta e oportuniza a aplicação didática sobre Marcelino Champagnat e a Instituição Marista, por meio das Matrizes Maristas em cada componente curricular das áreas de conhecimento do ensino fundamental II. Tal experiência foi motivada pela pastoralista da Unidade e foi aplicada pelos docentes. O projeto trouxe resultados que aproximaram discentes e docentes da história do fundador Marista e sua Instituição.
A diffúz nagy B-sejtes limfóma osztályozása és kezelési lehetőségei
Authors: Gergely Lajos , Nagy Zsolt
Published: June 2024

A diffúz nagy B-sejtes limfóma (DLBCL) a leggyakoribb agresszív non-Hodgkin limfóma. Az első vonali kezelésre nem reagáló vagy visszaeső betegek (r/r DLBCL) nagy kihívás a kezelőorvos számára. A betegséget ma a WHO2022 felosztás alapján csoportosítjuk, és rendelkezésre állnak génexpressziós profil és újgenericáiós szekvenálás (NGS) alapú felosztások, melyek segítenek az egyes esetek pontos karakterizálásában. Az első vonali kezelésben közel 20 év után a polatuzumab-vedotin alkalmazása hozta az első pozitív eredményt, több mint 6%-kal növelve a hatást. Az r/r DLBCL kezelésében forradalom ment végbe, számos CAR-T-kezelés (axi-cel, liso-cel, tisa-cel) érhető el már 2. vonaltól. Az elért eredmények lényegesen jobbak, mint eddig bármi más kezeléssel. A bispecifikus antitestek (glofitamab, epcoritamab) alkalmazásával 3. vonaltól szintén nagyon kedvező hatást tudunk elérni, úgy, hogy a kezelést bármely hematológiai kezelő centrum tudja alkalmazni. Idősebb betegeken nagyon hatásos és biztonságos a loncastuximab-teserine monoterápia, mely szignifikánsan meg tudja nyújtani ezen betegek túlélést. A tafasitamab+lenalidomid kombináció alkalmazása is jelentősen kedvezőbb eredményt adott, mint a korábbi salvage kezelések.

A cikkben a szerzők igyekeznek összefoglalni mindezen újdonságokat, segítve az olvasót, hogy tájékozódni tudjon a DLBCL kezelésében elérhető legújabb kezelések között.
Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) as Bio-Fungicide for Controlling Fusarium oxysporum in Chili (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Agustrina Rochmah , Fadhilla Nurul , Tamara Derlian Ella , Chrisnawati Lili , Yulianty Yulianty , Mahfut Mahfut
Published: June 2024

Fusarium oxysporum L. is a fungus responsible for causing plant wilt disease in various horticultural crops. Meanwhile, Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) is commonly known as a weed that contains secondary metabolites with antifungal activity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of Bandotan stem and leaf extract on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) infected during the germination phase. Evaluation of stem and leaf extract was carried out separately using a one-factor Complete Randomized Design (CRD). A total of four experimental units were used consisting of C+ (sprouts not infected with Fusarium sp. and not given stem or leaf of Bandotan extract), C- (sprouts infected with Fusarium sp. but not given stem or leaf of Bandotan extract), T1 (sprouts soaked with stem or leaf of Bandotan extract and infected with Fusarium sp.), and T2 (sprouts infected with Fusarium sp., and given stem or leaf of Bandotan extract). Each experimental unit was repeated five times, and parameters observed included disease severity, as well as dry and wet weight. The results showed that based on ANOVA test at the 5% significance level, the administration of 60% dry Bandotan stem extract to chili sprouts before Fusarium sp. infection significantly reduced disease severity. However, when the treatment was carried out after sprouts were infected, disease severity was not reduced. The administration of Bandotan leaf extract to sprouts both before and after being infected with Fusarium sp. reduced disease severity but a decrease in dry weight was also observed
In Silico Study: ACE Inhibitory Activity as a Marine Animal Fatty Acid Antihypertensive Candidate
Authors: Arumsari Maharani Dyah , Sururi Ahmad Misbakhus , Hendrata Excelino , Kamila Rahmadian Kahfi Zulfa , Wibowo Dhea Mutiara Fernanda , Fajriyah Luluatul , Rahayu Dwi Anggorowati
Published: June 2024

Marine life has much potential for development, especially in the medical field. Its main content is fatty acids, where fatty acids have potential as antihypertensive agents. This research aims to determine the potential of the primary fatty acids in marine biota as antihypertensive agents through an in-silico approach using molecular docking. This study uses the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) receptor as the target protein and fatty acid ligands (myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, linoleic acid, vaccenic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid, palmitic acid), and the control drug captopril for comparison. The initial stages of the research include protein and ligand preparation, followed by molecular docking and visualization. Potential compounds were then analyzed with Lipinski drug-likeness and PASSOnline. The research results show that eicosapentaenoic acid and linoleic acid have the potential as ACE inhibitors. PASSOnline predictions indicate that both had a high probability of being vasodilator agents. Therefore, these two fatty acids had the potential as antihypertensive agents. Further research is needed through in vitro and in vivo testing to utilize marine biota in the medical world.
Community Structure of Avifauna in The Rehabilitation Zone at Wonoasri Resort, Meru Betiri National Park
Authors: Siddiq Arif Mohammad , Sulistiyowati Hari , Ulaa Munaa Aqidatul , Ulum Fuad Bahrul , Fadri Firda
Published: June 2024

The rehabilitation zone of Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP) needs to be measured in relation to the success of ecosystem restoration. It can be used as a bioindicator, such as the bird community structure, hence their sensitivity to environmental changes. Therefore, the aims of this study are to determine the community structure of avifauna in the rehabilitation zone at Wonoasri Resort, MBNP including bird diversity, richness, dominance, feeding guilds, and their correlation with forest cover. The research was conducted in January 2023 in the Bonangan Block at three observation points, namely low vegetation cover, medium vegetation cover, and high vegetation cover. The ecological data, such as species and abundance, were collected using the point count method, while additional information related to conservation statuses were collected by web browsing on the IUCN Red List, the CITES appendix, and Indonesian government regulation (LHK No.106/2018). Data analysis used the dominance index, species diversity index (Shannon Wiener), and evaluated for statistical data using a Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test in R version 3.2.1. We recorded 38 bird species belonging to 31 genera and 21 families during this study. Among the feeding guilds, the insectivorous birds (14 species) were recorded as the higher species richness, followed by omnivorous (eight species), frugivorous (five species), granivorous (five species), carnivorous (four species), and nectarivorous (two species). The Kruskal-Wallis test shows there is a significant correlation among the feeding guilds (value of 11.644, with p-value = 0.040). Furthermore, referring to species richness, high vegetation cover areas have the highest species richness (30 species) compared to medium vegetation cover areas (27 species) and low vegetation cover areas (26 species). The dominance of avifauna species at this location falls into the low category (C = 0.07). According to the diversity index, avifauna in Bonangan Block is classified as a high category (H'=3.01).
Antibacterial Activity of Scurrula ferruginea (Roxb. Ex Jack) Leaves Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: Aditiyarini Dwi , Sipayung Nita Sonia , Prakasita Vinsa Cantya
Published: June 2024

The mistletoe (Scurrula ferruginea) is a parasitic plant obtaining nutrients and water from host plants at Nglinggo tea plantation, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Despite the numerous benefits of Scurrula ferruginea leaf, substantiation regarding its pharmacological activity is still lacking. Therefore, this research aimed to identify Scurrula ferruginea species and obtain secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity. The experiment was carried out by extracting Scurrula ferruginea leaf using maceration methods with 96% ethanol, followed by qualitatively and quantitatively phytochemical screening, inhibitory zone test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test. Several compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids, were identified in the mistletoe extract. The results showed total flavonoid, phenolic, and tannin levels were 7.41 ± 0.38 mg QE/mg, 1672 ± 50.99 mg GAE/g, and 1.43 ± 0.15 mg TAE/g, respectively. Scurrula ferruginea leaf ethanolic extract showed the potential to form an inhibition zone against S. aureus in the moderate category at 525 mg/mL, but no significant activity was observed against E. coli. The MIC results of Scurrula ferruginea leaf ethanolic extract against S. aureus were 0.6%, and the MBC was at 2.4%. Furthermore, the MIC value against E. coli was 14%, and the MBC value was 28%. Based on these results, it could be concluded that Scurrula ferruginea leaf ethanolic extract showed high effectiveness in inhibiting and killing S. aureus bacteria compared to E. coli, with MIC and MBC values of 0.6% and 2.4%, respectively
Antidiabetic Potential of Ethanol Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Female Mus musculus
Authors: Prakasita Vinsa Cantya , Theodora Nadya Aprina , Susilowati Enjelin Anjung , Aditiyarini Dwi , Prasetyaningsih Aniek
Published: June 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic dis­order characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes is considerably more prevalent than oth­er forms (85–90%). The risk of type 2 diabetes is higher in women (53.2%). There is an urgent requirement for better and more afforda­ble treatment options considering DM therapy is expensive and may have adverse health effects. The study's objective is to examine how acute toxicity, blood glucose levels, and body weight are affected by Moringa leaf ethanol extract (MLEE). Maceration was employed to eliminate the leaves of the moringa plant. Phytochemical screening was completed to assess the total flavonoid content and screen for alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins. Acute toxicity testing was performed following OECD guideline 423. Clinical symp­toms of acute toxicity were observed every 30 minutes for the first 24 hours post-treatment, followed by observations every 24 hours up to 14 days. The estimated LD50 range was determined. Streptozotocin/ nicotinamide-induced female Mus musculus was administered to eval­uate the antidiabetic potential of MLEE. Six groups of mice were uti­lized, which included a healthy control group (aquades not induced), a negative control group (induced aquades), a positive control group (induced glimepiride 0.8 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups with varying dosages of MLEE (induced; 0, 100, and 150 mg/kg BW). A semi-auto chemical analyzer was employed on days 0 through 31 to determine blood glucose levels. An analytical digital balance was utilized to calculate the body weight. With a total flavonoid concen­tration of 20.75%, MLEE incorporated alkaloids, flavonoids, pheno­lics, saponins, and tannins. MLEE demonstrated a significant effect in lowering blood glucose levels at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation has been identified between body weight and blood glucose levels (P<0.05).