bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived environmental barriers and facilitators of refugee children’s physical activity in/around refugee accommodation: a qualitative case study in Berlin
Authors: Chen Siqi , Knöll Martin
Published: November 2022

Background

Previous research have identified built environmental attributes associated with refugee children’s physical activity (PA); however, there is a lack of research focusing on refugee children’s environmental perceptions at the individual level. We examined the perceived environmental barriers and facilitators of refugee children’s PA.

Methods

Perceptions of PA environments by refugee children (n = 15, 6 to 13 years old) and their parents (n = 10) were captured by questionnaires and drawing workshops from one refugee accommodation in Berlin. Besides, photovoice was conducted with three children to obtain an in-depth understanding of their experiences of existing environments for PA. Research was applied between June and July 2019. All research material was transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Refugee children and their parents identified micro-environments as the centre of children’s daily PA, they usually played indoors but most parents perceived there was no spaces. In meso environments, children and parents thought there were insufficient spaces and were worried about neighbourhood safety. Furthermore, parents concerned more about ‘space accessibility’ for their children’s playing purposes instead of ‘space quality (e.g., equipment)’ . Children also indicated the importance of informal spaces for their PA.

Conclusions

Refugee children perceive a lack of space and safety when attempting to play in the existing micro and meso environments. Related practitioners should focus on providing more play spaces in micro environments and safe access to existing neighbourhood playfields. These efforts can augment much-needed research on strategies to better integrate refuge facilities to their urban context and essential in minimising current health and spatial inequality issues these vulnerable groups face across Germany and worldwide.
Lactobacillus reuteri tryptophan metabolism promotes host susceptibility to CNS autoimmunity
Authors: Montgomery Theresa L. , Eckstrom Korin , Lile Katarina H. , Caldwell Sydney , Heney Eamonn R. , Lahue Karolyn G. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Wargo Matthew J. , Krementsov Dimitry N.
Published: November 2022

Background

Dysregulation of gut microbiota-associated tryptophan metabolism has been observed in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, defining direct mechanistic links between this apparent metabolic rewiring and individual constituents of the gut microbiota remains challenging. We and others have previously shown that colonization with the gut commensal and putative probiotic species, Lactobacillus reuteri, unexpectedly enhances host susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis. To identify underlying mechanisms, we characterized the genome of commensal L. reuteri isolates, coupled with in vitro and in vivo metabolomic profiling, modulation of dietary substrates, and gut microbiota manipulation.

Results

The enzymes necessary to metabolize dietary tryptophan into immunomodulatory indole derivatives were enriched in the L. reuteri genomes, including araT, fldH, and amiE. Moreover, metabolite profiling of L. reuteri monocultures and serum of L. reuteri-colonized mice revealed a depletion of kynurenines and production of a wide array of known and novel tryptophan-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists and antagonists, including indole acetate, indole-3-glyoxylic acid, tryptamine, p-cresol, and diverse imidazole derivatives. Functionally, dietary tryptophan was required for L. reuteri-dependent EAE exacerbation, while depletion of dietary tryptophan suppressed disease activity and inflammatory T cell responses in the CNS. Mechanistically, L. reuteri tryptophan-derived metabolites activated the AhR and enhanced T cell production of IL-17.

Conclusions

Our data suggests that tryptophan metabolism by gut commensals, such as the putative probiotic species L. reuteri, can unexpectedly enhance autoimmunity, inducing broad shifts in the metabolome and immunological repertoire.
Remarkably reproducible psychological (memory) phenomena in the classroom: some evidence for generality from small-N research
Authors: Imam Abdulrazaq A.
Published: November 2022

Background

Mainstream psychology is experiencing a crisis of confidence. Many of the methodological solutions offered in response have focused largely on statistical alternatives to null hypothesis statistical testing, ignoring nonstatistical remedies that are readily available within psychology; namely, use of small-N designs. In fact, many classic memory studies that have passed the test of replicability used them. That methodological legacy warranted a retrospective look at nonexperimental data to explore the generality of the reported effects.

Method

Various classroom demonstrations were conducted over multiple semesters in introductory psychology courses with typical, mostly freshman students from a predominantly white private Catholic university in the US Midwest based on classic memory experiments on immediate memory span, chunking, and depth of processing.

Results

Students tended to remember 7 ± 2 digits, remembered more digits of π following an attached meaningful story, and remembered more words after elaborative rehearsal than after maintenance rehearsal. These results amount to replications under uncontrolled classroom environments of the classic experiments originally conducted largely outside of null hypothesis statistical testing frameworks.

Conclusions

In light of the ongoing replication crisis in psychology, the results are remarkable and noteworthy, validating these historically important psychological findings. They are testament to the reliability of reproducible effects as the hallmark of empirical findings in science and suggest an alternative approach to commonly proffered solutions to the replication crisis.
The substantiveness of socioeconomic school compositional effects in Australia: measurement error and the relationship with academic composition
Authors: Sciffer Michael G. , Perry Laura B. , McConney Andrew
Published: November 2022

This study examines the effect of school socioeconomic composition on student achievement growth in Australian schooling, and its relationship with academic composition utilising the National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) dataset. Previous research has found that school composition predicts a range of schooling outcomes. A critique of school compositional research has been that measurement error may have biased findings of compositional effects. Prior studies have found that socioeconomic compositional effect sizes are small when models include academic composition. The relationship between socioeconomic and academic compositions has yet to be fully determined. Multi-level regressions and structural equation models were compared to estimate the degree of bias in socioeconomic compositional effects due to measurement error. Multi-level path models were used to test if academic composition mediated the relationship between socioeconomic composition and achievement growth. The results showed that measurement error did not bias compositional effects in the dataset, and academic composition mediates the relationship between socioeconomic composition and achievement growth. We argue that school value-add research should include academic composition to account for contextual effects. The socioeconomic compositional effect is of practical significance to policy makers and educational researchers due to its relative size compared to average student achievement growth. Potential reforms include ensuring public subsidies to private schools in Australia do not increase school segregation and the amelioration of the effects of residential segregation through school funding reforms.
Outcomes of malignancy in adults with congenital heart disease: a single center experience
Authors: Venkatesh Prashanth , Yan Kimberly L. , Bravo-Jaimes Katia , Yang Eric H. , Lluri Gentian
Published: November 2022

Background

Malignancy is known to be a major cause of death in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). However, data regarding cardiovascular and cancer-related outcomes in ACHD are lacking.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study comprising patients with ACHD and malignancy. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Key secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), cardiotoxicity events and consequent cancer therapy modifications.

Results

Sixty-eight patients with ACHD and a history of cancer were included in the study. 82% of patients had moderate or great ACHD anatomic complexity. Over a median follow-up of 5 years after cancer diagnosis, 16 (24%) patients died, with 69% of deaths being due to cancer. Univariate predictors of mortality were baseline arrhythmia (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.15-12.67, p = 0.028), baseline diuretic therapy (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.04-12.04, p = 0.044) and advanced cancer stage at diagnosis (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.32-4.25, p = 0.004). MACCE occurred in 40 (59%) patients and was independently predicted by baseline diuretic requirement (OR 9.91, 95% CI 1.12-87.85, p = 0.039). A 14% incidence of cardiotoxicity was seen; 3 patients needed modification and 1 patient needed temporary interruption of cancer therapy for 2 weeks.

Conclusions

Considerable mortality occurred in this cohort of patients with ACHD and cancer; most deaths were cancer-related. A high rate of MACCE was observed, yet rates of obligatory modification of cancer therapy due to cardiotoxicity were low.
Εφαρμογές προσχολικής ηλικίας για συσκευές με οθόνες αφής
Authors: Σκουρλής Στυλιανός
Published: November 2022

Στην παρούσα μελέτη γίνεται αναφορά σε εφαρμογές προσχολικής ηλικίας σε συσκευές με οθόνες αφής και παρουσιάζονται βραχυχρόνια και μακροχρόνια αποτελέσματα. Βασίζεται κατά κύριο λόγο στο λειτουργικό android το οποίο  έχει γνωρίσει ιδιαίτερη ανάπτυξη τα τελευταία χρόνια αλλά επίσης διότι το κόστος παραγωγής εφαρμογών αλλά και απόκτησης συσκευής που να το υποστηρίζει, παραμένει σε εξαιρετικά χαμηλά επίπεδα. Λόγω της λειτουργικότητας και της αμεσότητας του λειτουργικού δημιουργήθηκαν εφαρμογές οι οποίες απευθύνονται σε παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας και κάνουν χρήση τις ιδιότητες των οθονών αφής και όχι μόνο. Παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας που πραγματοποιήθηκε σε ειδικούς και παιδιά καθώς και οι βελτιώσεις που έγιναν στις εφαρμογές. Επίσης γίνεται λόγος για τις ιδιότητες που θα έπρεπε να έχουν οι εφαρμογές που προορίζονται για παιδιά και εκμεταλλεύονται τις ιδιότητες των οθονών αφής.
Η περιβαλλοντική επικοινωνία με χρήση ήχου, εικόνας και κειμένου για την προαγωγή της υγείας και της ψυχικής ανθεκτικότητας μέσω του έργου, στην τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση, κατά την περίοδο COVID-19
Authors: Κατσιάνα Αικατερίνη , Γιαννακοπούλου Αναστασία , Σπύρτου Άννα
Published: November 2022

Το άτομο αποτελεί ένα ανοικτό σύστημα που αλληλεπιδρά με το περιβάλλον και οι περιβαλλοντικοί παράγοντες επηρεάζουν τις καθημερινές δραστηριότητες ή τα έργα του. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι να αναδείξει τους τρόπους αλληλεπίδρασης ανθρώπου-περιβάλλοντος μέσω του έργου, στην περίοδο του εγκλεισμού λόγω Covid-19 και την αλληλεπίδραση μεταξύ φυσικού και ψηφιακού περιβάλλοντος. Ένα δημιουργικό διαδικτυακό φεστιβάλ υλοποιήθηκε από το Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Μακεδονίας για την προαγωγή της υγείας και ψυχικής ανθεκτικότητας της ακαδημαϊκής κοινότητας (1ο e-festival του Πανεπιστημίου Δυτικής Μακεδονίας, 16 & 17 Μαΐου 2020). Για τη διεξαγωγή του φεστιβάλ χρησιμοποιήθηκε η πλατφόρμα zoom και για την προβολή του η σελίδα Facebook του Πανεπιστημίου Δυτικής Μακεδονίας. 242 έργα από 121 συμμετέχοντες φιλοξενήθηκαν στον ιστότοπο του φεστιβάλ (https://efestival.uowm.gr/), ο οποίος συγκέντρωσε σχεδόν 3.000 μοναδικούς επισκέπτες κατά τη διάρκεια του μήνα της εκδήλωσης. Τις δύο μέρες διεξαγωγής του, το φεστιβάλ διήρκησε συνολικά 4ώρ. 14λ., με 8,5 χιλιάδες προβολές και 20.000 λεπτά παρακολούθησης. Στα κύρια σχόλια των συμμετεχόντων, οι κύριοι άξονες εστίασης περιλάμβαναν την ψυχική ανθεκτικότητα, την ενσυναίσθηση, τη δημιουργικότητα, τις ανθρώπινες σχέσεις, την επικοινωνία και τη φύση. Η συμμετοχή των ατόμων στη συγκεκριμένη δράση με δημιουργικές δραστηριότητες ενδυνάμωσε την ψυχική τους ανθεκτικότητα και υπήρξε καλή αλληλεπίδραση μεταξύ φυσικού και ψηφιακού περιβάλλοντος προωθώντας την επικοινωνία.
Ο ρόλος των μέσων στην ευαισθητοποίηση των πολιτών για την κλιματική αλλαγή
Authors: Σακκά Ηλιάνα
Published: November 2022

Η κλιματική αλλαγή αποτελεί ένα από τα κρισιμότερα ζητήματα της εποχής μας. Ο ρόλος των ΜΜΕ κρίνεται πιο αναγκαίος από όσο ποτέ προκειμένου να  επικοινωνήσει την κλιματική κρίση και να επηρεάζει τη δημόσια ανησυχία. Τα ΜΜΕ διαθέτουν την ιδιαίτερη ικανότητα να ενθαρρύνουν κοινωνικές αλλαγές με βάση το γεγονός ότι μπορούν να παρουσιάσουν σε μεγάλα τμήματα του πληθυσμού εναλλακτικούς και νέους τρόπους κοινωνικής δράσης. Η παρούσα εργασία αναλύει το περιεχόμενο (ανάλυση περιεχομένου) της τηλεοπτικής εκπομπής «Κλίμα». Ειδικότερα, διερευνήθηκε κατά πόσο ασχολήθηκε και ανέλυσε ζητήματα γύρω από την κλιματική αλλαγή και αν τελικά  μπορεί να αποτελέσει δίαυλο της περιβαλλοντικής εκπαίδευσης και ευαισθητοποίησης, κινητήριες δυνάμεις για τη δημιουργία δράσεων. Από την επεξεργασία των δεδομένων η εκπομπή προσπαθεί να προσεγγίσει τα θέματα από όλες τις κλίμακες του χρόνου και του χώρου εφαρμόζοντας τους βασικούς άξονες της περιβαλλοντικής εκπαίδευσης. Ωστόσο, το μέγεθος και οι επιπτώσεις της κλιματικής αλλαγής απαιτούν την ύπαρξη περισσότερων περιβαλλοντικών εκπομπών με πολυμεσικό περιεχόμενο, καθώς μόνο τότε τα μέσα μπορούν να μετατρέπουν σε παιδαγωγικό εργαλείο προσφέροντας σωστή κατανόηση της περιπλοκότητας της κλιματικής αλλαγής.
Χαιρετισμός
Authors: Σοφός Αλιβίζος (Λοΐζος) , ΣΙΑΚΑΣ Σπύρος
Published: November 2022

Χαιρετισμός από τους εκδότες

Το περιοδικό Afimec ως τόπος συλλογής  και διάχυσης της επιστημονικής γνώσης, εδράζει σε δύο πυλώνες/κομβικά στοιχεία, τη δυνατότητα έκφρασης σε συγγενή επιστημονικά πεδία και τη δυνατότητα  διεπιστημονικών συνεργασιών στον τομέα της επικοινωνίας.

Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, χαιρετίζουμε την προσπάθεια του Νίκου Αντωνόπουλου ως guest editor，ο οποίος επιμελήθηκε και εξέδωσε έντεκα άρθρα που παρουσιάστηκαν στο πρώτο ετήσιο ελληνόφωνο επιστημονικό συνέδριο εργαστηρίων επικοινωνίας  cclabs. Κεντρικός άξονας όλων των άρθρων αποτελεί η επικοινωνία σε όλες τις εκφάνσεις της (οπτική, ακουστική, κειμενική), πράγμα που εντάσσει την προσπάθεια αυτή στη πολιτική και φιλοσοφία του διεθνούς επιστημονικού περιοδικού ανοικτής πρόσβασης Afimec.
Γονική εμπλοκή και ικανότητες γραμματισμού παιδιών νηπιαγωγείου: κοινωνικοπαιδαγωγικές και αναπτυξιακές προεκτάσεις
Authors: Πεντέρη Ευθυμία , Παπαναστασάτου Ειρήνη
Published: November 2022

Οι σύγχρονες θεωρήσεις για την κατάκτηση του γραμματισμού αναγνωρίζουν τον ρόλο των κοινωνικών εμπειριών και των αλληλεπιδράσεων παιδιών και γονέων στις διαδικασίες κατάκτησής του. Στην εργασία αυτή διερευνάται η σύνδεση ανάμεσα στην εμπλοκή των γονέων παιδιών προσχολικής ηλικίας σε σχέση με τον  γραμματισμό και  τις ικανότητες γραμματισμού των παιδιών με βάση τις αναφορές των γονέων. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 214 γονείς από διάφορες περιοχές της ελληνικής επικράτειας. Για τη συλλογή δεδομένων χορηγήθηκε το Ερωτηματολόγιο Γονικής Εμπλοκής για τον Γραμματισμό στο Νηπιαγωγείο και η κλίμακα Ικανοτήτων Γραμματισμού παιδιών Νηπιαγωγείου, εκδοχή γονέων. Τα ευρήματα επιβεβαίωσαν τη σύνδεση των πρακτικών γονικής εμπλοκής με τις ικανότητες γραμματισμού των παιδιών προσχολικής ηλικίας. Αναδείχθηκε η προβλεπτική ισχύς παραγόντων που σχετίζονται με την ποιοτική διάσταση της γονικής εμπλοκής στον γραμματισμό των παιδιών και την αλληλεπίδραση γονέα - παιδιού σε δραστηριότητες σχετικές με τον γραμματισμό στο σπίτι. Σημαντικός φάνηκε ο ρόλος  του φύλου του γονέα και της διαθεσιμότητας  βιβλίων στο σπίτι για την ανάπτυξη σχετικών ικανοτήτων. Η συμβολή της ηλικίας του παιδιού στην πρόβλεψη της κατάκτησης του γραμματισμού, με τους γονείς να δηλώνουν υψηλότερες ικανότητες για τα προνήπια συγκριτικά με τα νήπια,  αναδεικνύει τη σημασία της υποστήριξης των οικογενειών στο ρόλο τους ώστε να ενισχυθούν οι γνώσεις και η ποιότητα της εμπλοκής τους, αναδεικνύοντας τον κοινωνικοπαιδαγωγικό ρόλο του νηπιαγωγείου.
Γονεϊκή εμπλοκή στη σχολική εργασία των παιδιών στο σπίτι: μια βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση
Authors: Φαλάγγα Κωνσταντίνα , Γωνίδα Ελευθερία Ν.
Published: November 2022

Η εμπλοκή των γονέων στη σχολική εργασία των παιδιών στο σπίτι λαμβάνει ποικιλία μορφών με διακριτά ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά. Το παρόν άρθρο πραγματεύεται το ρόλο της ποιότητας της γονεϊκής εμπλοκής, τους παράγοντες πρόγνωσης υιοθέτησης συγκεκριμένων μορφών εμπλοκής και τα μαθησιακά αποτελέσματά τους για τα παιδιά. Σύμφωνα με τη σχετική βιβλιογραφία, οι πεποιθήσεις κινήτρων των γονέων, οι πεποιθήσεις τους για την αποτελεσματικότητα των ίδιων και των παιδιών τους και τα συναισθήματά τους προβλέπουν την υιοθέτηση εναλλακτικών μορφών γονεϊκής εμπλοκής με διαφορετικές συνέπειες στις θυμικές διεργασίες μάθησης και στη σχολική επίδοση των παιδιών. Ειδικότερα, η προαγωγή της αυτονομίας και η παροχή διακριτικής στήριξης στις προκλήσεις της σχολικής εργασίας, έναντι της χρήσης ελεγκτικών πρακτικών εμπλοκής, συμβάλλουν στην ανάπτυξη κινήτρων για μάθηση, υψηλών πεποιθήσεων ακαδημαϊκής ικανότητας/επάρκειας, θετικών συναισθημάτων, λειτουργικών μαθησιακών συμπεριφορών και σε θετικά  ακαδημαϊκά επιτεύγματα των παιδιών. Η ανάδειξη μέσα από τη συγκεκριμένη βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση των σύνθετων σχέσεων μεταξύ του πλήθους των μεταβλητών γονέων και παιδιών στο πεδίο της κατ’ οίκον σχολικής εργασίας καταλήγει στη διατύπωση προτάσεων μελλοντικής έρευνας και πρακτικής εφαρμογής με σκοπό την προαγωγή της μάθησης και της σχολικής επίτευξης των παιδιών.
Management of Innovative Processes in the Sphere of Social Services
Authors: Kolosova G.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of resistance to innovation in the field of social services of the population by staff in organizations providing social services to citizens of the older generation. In the course of the research, the key elements of personnel management during the introduction of innovations and the main strategic barriers to innovative development in the social sphere of St. Petersburg. In this paper, an attempt will be made to reveal the concepts of innovation, innovation activity and innovation management as a way of managing innovation processes, as well as the experience of innovative activities of social institutions in St. Petersburg.

In conclusion, the directions concerning the formation and development of the innovative potential of personnel and organizations in the social service system were formulated.
Creating a Corporate Portal As a HR Management Tool in the Organization
Authors: Zaharov D. , Kashtanova YEkatyerina
Published: November 2022

This article discusses the processes of creating a corporate portal as a tool for managing personnel in an organization. It is noted that at a time when part of the employees work remotely, and communication with them is carried out through internal networks, or by telephone, the formation of a new corporate portal modified for these tasks becomes a necessary condition for organizing their effective work and the process of controlling it. If an organization is developing dynamically, has employees and divisions located in different cities, working in the office and remotely, and is interested in forming a cohesive, unified internal corporate culture, maintaining traditions, systematizing communications and processes of its activities, the corporate portal becomes the most powerful tool for company management and personnel management services in achieving these goals.
Hundred-meter Gb/s deep ultraviolet wireless communications using AlGaN micro-LEDs
Authors: Maclure Daniel M. , Chen Cheng , McKendry Jonathan J. D. , Xie Enyuan , Hill Jordan , Herrnsdorf Johannes , Gu Erdan , Haas Harald , Dawson Martin D.
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate the use of deep ultraviolet (DUV) micro-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for long-distance line-of-sight optical wireless communications. With a single 285 nm-emitting micro-LED, we have respectively achieved data rates greater than 6.5 Gb/s at a distance of 10 m and 4 Gb/s at 60 m. Moreover, we obtained >1 Gb/s data rates at a distance of 116 m. To our knowledge, these results are the highest data rates at such distances thus far reported using DUV micro-LEDs and the first demonstration of Gb/s communication at >100 m using any micro-LED-based transmitter.
Q-factor mediated quasi-BIC resonances coupling in asymmetric dimer lattices
Authors: Gao Yixiao , Xu Lei , Shen Xiang
Published: November 2022

Resonance coupling in the regime of bound states in the continuum (BICs) provides an efficient method for engineering nanostructure’s optical response with various lineshape while maintaining an ultra-narrow linewidth feature, where the quality factor of resonances plays a crucial role. Independent manipulation of the Q factors of BIC resonances enables full control of interaction behavior as well as both near- and far-field light engineering. In this paper, we harness reflection symmetry (RS) and translational symmetry (TS) protected BIC resonances supported in an asymmetric dimer lattice and investigate Q-factor-mediated resonance coupling behavior under controlled TS and RS perturbations. We focus on in-plane electrical dipole BIC (EDi-BIC) and magnetic dipole BIC (MD-BIC) which are protected by RS, and out-of-plane electrical dipole BIC (EDo-BIC) protected by TS. The coupling between EDi-BIC and EDo-BIC exhibits a resonance crossing behavior where the transmission spectrum at the crossing could be tuned flexibly, showing an electromagnetically induced transparency lineshape or satisfying the lattice Kerker condition with pure phase modulation capability depending on TS and RS perturbed Q factors. While the coupling between MD-BIC and EDo-BIC shows an avoided resonance crossing behavior, where the strongly coupled resonances would lead to the formation of a Friedrich–Wintgen BICs whose spectral position could also be shifted by tuning the Q factors. Our results suggest an intriguing platform to explore BIC resonance interactions with independent Q factor manipulation capability for realizing multi-functional meta-devices.
Fabry-Pérot angle sensor using a mode-locked femtosecond laser source
Authors: Shin Dong Wook , Matsukuma Hiraku , Sato Ryo , Gao Wei
Published: November 2022

An angle sensor based on multiple beam interference of a Fabry-Pérot etalon employing a mode-locked femtosecond laser as the measurement beam is proposed. Output angles are evaluated by using estimated local maxima within a measurement bandwidth of an output fringe spectrum detected by an optical spectrum analyzer. In the proposed method, fringe spectra produced by beams from transmittance and a reflectance side of the Fabry-Pérot etalon are detected individually, and intensities of two spectra are divided to increase the visibility by narrowing a spectrum width. Confirmation of an increase in the visibility is conducted by comparing full width half maximum values of spectra obtained by a constructed optical setup, and evaluation accuracies were compared by repeating measurements for 100 times. The output angle using estimated local maxima of the divided spectra is then evaluated to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed method improves the accuracy of angle determination by one order of magnitude.
Frequency references based on molecular iodine for the study of Yb atoms using the 1S0 – 3P1 intercombination transition at 556 nm
Authors: Tanabe Yuto , Sakamoto Yuma , Kohno Takuya , Akamatsu Daisuke , Hong Feng-Lei
Published: November 2022

We used precision spectroscopy to analyze the R(53)24-1, P(49)24-1, and R(95)25-1 lines of molecular iodine (127I2) to establish optical frequency references for the laser cooling of Yb atoms using the 1S0 – 3P1 intercombination transition at 556 nm. A laser frequency instability of < 2 × 10−12 (for 0.01 s < τ < 3000 s, τ is the average time of the measurement) was attained using the observed Doppler-free hyperfine transitions of the iodine lines. The absolute frequencies of the observed 63 hyperfine transitions were determined with an uncertainty of 7 kHz (fractional uncertainty of 1.3 × 10−11). Highly accurate hyperfine constants were determined by fitting the measured hyperfine splittings to a four-term Hamiltonian that includes the electric quadrupole, spin-rotation, tensor spin-spin, and scalar spin-spin interactions with an uncertainty of approximately 1 kHz. The observed hyperfine transitions of molecular iodine provide new frequency references for research using atomic Yb, because these transitions are close to the intercombination transition of Yb at 556 nm.
Phase-assisted angular-multiplexing nanoprinting based on the Jacobi-Anger expansion
Authors: Chen Kuixian , Li Jiaxin , Zhu Guodong , Zhang Weiguo , He Zhixue , Zheng Guoxing , Li Zile
Published: November 2022

Featuring with ultracompactness and subwavelength resolution, metasurface-assisted nanoprinting has been widely researched as an optical device for image display. It also provides a platform for information multiplexing, and a series of multiplexed works based on incident polarizations, operating wavelengths and observation angles have emerged. However, the angular-multiplexing nanoprinting is realized at the cost of image resolution reduction or the increase of fabrication difficulty, hindering its practical applications. Here, inspired by the Jacobi-Anger expansion, a phase-assisted design paradigm, called Bessel metasurface, was proposed for angular multiplexing nanoprinting. By elaborately designing the phase distribution of the Bessel metasurface, the target images can be encoded into the desired observation angles, reaching angular multiplexing. With the merits of ultracompactness and easy fabrication, we believe that our design strategy would be attractive in the real-world applications, including optical information storage, encryption/concealment, multifunctional switchable optical devices, and 3D stereoscopic displays, etc.
Trends, barriers and enablers to measles immunisation coverage in Saskatchewan, Canada: A mixed methods study
Authors: Ilesanmi Marcus M. , Abonyi Sylvia , Pahwa Punam , Gerdts Volker , Scwandt Michael , Neudorf Cordell
Published: November 2022

Many social, cultural, and systemic challenges affect the uptake of measles immunisation services. Prior studies have looked at the caregivers’ perspectives, but little is known about the perspectives of the health care providers on the barriers of measles immunisation services in Canada. This study examined measles immunisation coverage trends across the regional health authorities in Saskatchewan and explored the barriers and enablers to measles immunisation coverage from providers’ perspectives. The study adopted an explanatory sequential mixed method. We utilized the entire population of 16,582 children under two years of age available in the Saskatchewan Immunisation Management System (SIMS) registry for 2002 and 2013 in aggregate format and interviewed 18 key informants in pre-determined two-stages in 2016 and 2017. The quantitative analysis was done with Joinpoint regression modelling, while the qualitative interview data was analyzed using hybrid inductive and deductive thematic approaches. There was a 16.89%-point increase in measles immunisation coverage in the province from 56.32% to 73.21% between 2002 and 2013. There was also a persistently higher coverage among the affluent (66.95% - 82.37%) than the most deprived individuals (45.79% - 62.60%) in the study period. The annual rate of coverage change was marginally higher among the most deprived (16.81%; and average annual percentage change (AAPC) 2.0, 95% CI 1.7–2.2) than among the affluent group (15.42% and AAPC 3.0; 95% CI 2.0–4.0). While access-related issues, caregivers’ fears, hesitancy, anti-vaccination challenges, and resource limitations were barriers to immunisation, improving community engagement, service delivery flexibility, targeted social responses and increasing media role were found useful to address the uptake of measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases immunisation. There is low coverage and inequity in measles immunisation uptake in Saskatchewan from social and institutional barriers. Even though there is evidence of disparity reduction among the different groups, the barriers to increasing measles immunisation coverage have implications for the health of the socio-economically deprived groups, the healthcare system and other vaccination programs. There is a need to improve policy framework for community engagement, targeted programs, and public health discourse.
The combination of chronic stress and smoke exacerbated depression-like changes and lung cancer factor expression in A/J mice: Involve inflammation and BDNF dysfunction
Authors: Liu Bai-Ping , Zhang Cai , Zhang Yong-Ping , Li Kang-Wei , Song Cai
Published: November 2022

Objective

Depression is positively correlated with the high incidence and low survival rate of cancers, while more cancer patients suffer depression. However, the interaction between depression and cancer, and possible underline mechanisms are unclear.

Methods

Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to induce depression, and smoke to induce lung cancer in lung cancer vulnerable AJ mice. After 8 weeks, sucrose preference and forced swimming behaviors were tested. Blood corticosterone concentration, and levels of cytokines, lung cancer-related factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and apoptosis-related factors in the lung, amygdala and hippocampus were measured.

Results

Compared to control group, CUMS or smoke decreased sucrose consumption and increased immobility time, which were deteriorated by stress+smoke. CUMS, smoke or both combination decreased mononuclear viability and lung TNF-α concentration, increased serum corticosterone and lung interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and HSP-90α concentrations. Furthermore, stress+smoke caused more increase in corticosterone and IL-10, but decreased TNF-α. In parallel, in the lung, Bcl-2/Bax and lung cancer-related factors CDK1, CDC20, P38α etc were significantly increased in stress+smoke group. Moreover, CUMS decreased BDNF, while CUMS or smoke increased TrkB and P75 concentrations, which were exacerbated by stress+smoke. In the amygdala, except for CUMS largely increased Bax/Bcl-2 and decreased TrkB, each single factor decreased BDNF and IL-10, but increased P75, IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α concentrations. Changes in Bax/Bcl-2, IL-10 and TNF-α were further aggravated by the combination. In the hippocampus, except for CUMS largely increased P75 concentration, each single factor significantly increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, IL-1β and TNF-α, but decreased BDNF, TrkB and IL-10 concentrations. Changes in Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, IL-10 and TNF-α were further aggravated by the combination.

Conclusion

These results suggest that a synergy between CUMS and smoke exposure could promote the development of depression and lung cancer, through CUMS increased the risk of cancer occurrence, and conversely lung cancer inducer smoke exposure deteriorated depressive symptoms.
Label-free quantitative proteomics and stress responses in pigs—The case of short or long road transportation
Authors: Di Luca Alessio , Ianni Andrea , Henry Michael , Martino Camillo , Meleady Paula , Martino Giuseppe
Published: November 2022

Ethical livestock production is currently a major concern for consumers. In parallel, research has shown that transport duration is an important factor affecting animal welfare and has a negative impact on the final product quality and on the production cost. This study applied proteomics methods to the animal stress/welfare problem in pigs muscle-exudate with the aim to identify proteins indicative of molecular processes underpinning transport stress and to better characterise this species as a biomedical model. A broader perspective of the problem was obtained by applying label-free LC-MS to characterise the proteome response to transport stress (short or long road transportation) in pigs within the same genetic line. A total of 1,464 proteins were identified, following statistical analysis 66 proteins clearly separating pigs subject to short road transportation and pigs subject long road transportation. These proteins were mainly involved in cellular and metabolic processes. Catalase and stress-induced phosphoprotein-1 were further confirmed by Western blot as being involved in the process of self-protection of the cells in response to stress. This study provide an insight into the molecular processes that are involved in pig adaptability to transport stress and are a step-forward for the development of an objective evaluation method of stress in order to improve animal care and management in farm animals.
Trends in health expectancy at age 60 in Bangladesh from 1996 to 2016
Authors: Tareque Md. Ismail
Published: November 2022

Background

Life expectancy (LE) is increasing all over the world, and relying on LE alone is no longer sufficient to identify whether a country is having a healthier population. Examining the increase in LE in relation to health ― health expectancy estimation ― is advised to ascertain the increase (or decrease) in LE without disability over time. This study examines the trends in health expectancy at age 60 in Bangladesh from 1996 to 2016.

Methods

Mortality information from United Nations and World Health Organization and morbidity information from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics were combined using the Sullivan method.

Results

With an overall declining trend over the study period and a big drop in disability rates during 2012–2013, the disability rates were observed 1.6–1.7% in 2016. The declining trend in disability may have two-fold implications: (1) among the 98.3% older adults (≥60 years) with no severe/extreme disability, those were in jobs could have continued their work if there was no mandatory retirement at age 59, and (2) the 1.7% (translates into 0.2 million in 2020) older adults with severe/extreme disability require care assistance with their daily activities. The observed gain in disability-free life expectancy, the decrease in life expectancy with disability and its proportion allude to the compression of morbidity and healthier older adults over time.

Conclusion

In 2020, Bangladesh had 13.2 million (i.e., 8% of the total population) older adults, which is increasing day by day. The policy makers and government are suggested to prioritize the issues of older adults, particularly disability, care needs, retirement age, and health in the light of the current study’s findings. Utilizing health expectancy research is suggested to understand the combined effect of disability and mortality for considering policy changes.
INFLUÊNCIA DA FORMA URBANA SOBRE O COMPORTAMENTO DE VIAGENS URBANAS
Authors: Deus Leonardo Rodrigues de , Sanches Suely da Penha
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as relações existentes entre a forma urbana e o transporte urbano, buscando definir como as características físicas de uma determinada região influenciam no comportamento de viagem das pessoas. As variáveis da forma urbana utilizadas foram: densidade urbana; diversidade de usos do solo; qualidade dos espaços para pedestres e ciclistas; disponibilidade de transporte coletivo; desenho e conectividade das vias; e topografia. Para determinar o grau de influência da forma urbana sobre o comportamento de viagem foram calibrados diversos modelos de escolha discreta do tipo logit multinomial. Os dados utilizados para os modelos foram obtidos de uma pesquisa OD realizada na cidade de Uberlândia, MG. Os resultados deste estudo de caso indicaram que as variáveis da forma urbana não têm influência significativa no processo de escolha modal nas viagens realizadas dentro na cidade, não sendo determinantes para definição do modo de transporte a ser usado. As variáveis sócio-econômicas e as características da viagem, em especial a renda, e o comprimento das viagens se mostraram como os fatores mais determinantes para a escolha do modo de transporte.
O PLANEJAMENTO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NA CAATINGA: UM OLHAR SOBRE AS CONDIÇÕES AMBIENTAIS DA MICROBACIA DO RIO CALABOUÇO - PB/RN
Authors: Cavalcante Márcio Balbino , Arruda Luciene Vieira
Published: November 2022

O estudo teve objetivo realizar um levantamento ambiental da microbacia do Rio Calabouço, um dos principais afluentes do Rio Curimataú, como forma de buscar subsídios para o planejamento e a gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos em área de caatinga, onde os rios são predominantemente intermitentes e sensíveis a ação humana. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido entre os municípios de Passa e Fica - RN e Araruna - PB. Para a concretização deste estudo foram desenvolvidas as seguintes etapas: delimitação da área da microbacia com o auxilio da carta topográfica, Folha São José do Campestre - RN (SB.25-Y-A-I), escala 1:100.000, SUDENE (1971) e do aparelho de GPS. Em seguida foi realizada pesquisa teórico-metodológica, apoiados em Christofoletti (1980), Cunha (1996), Bertoni & Lombardi Neto (2003) e Guerra & Guerra (2006) e do Projeto RADAMBRASIL (1981) e a aplicação da Ficha de Campo para Caracterização do Meio Físico (2002), para o levantamento de dados geoambientais da área (clima, solo, sistema morfodinâmico, água, biodiversidade). Os dados coletados demonstraram que os principais usos dos recursos hídricos da microbacia do Rio Calabouço são: Abastecimento humano, agricultura, pecuária, atividade extrativa mineral e vegetal, pesca e lazer. Os principais impactos ambientais que atingem a microbacia são: declínio da fertilidade do solo; desmatamento da mata ciliar; poluição da água e do solo pelo uso indiscriminado de fertilizantes e defensivos agrícolas.
ESTRUCTURACIÓN DE LOS RECURSOS LÍTICOS EN EL SUR DE LA PROVINCIA DE MENDOZA, ARGENTINA: UNA PERSPECTIVA ARQUEOLÓGICA
Authors: Winter Cecilia Verena Pérez
Published: November 2022

En este artículo se presenta la metodología utilizada para generar una base de recursos líticos en el sur de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Se muestran los resultados obtenidos y una estructuración de recursos líticos en dos escalas espaciales, teniendo en cuenta la localización del sitio arqueológico Arroyo Malo 3 (AMA 3) y las características ambientales del área. La estructura de los recursos líticos permitirá, en posteriores trabajos, discutir temas tales como organización tecnológica, estrategias de aprovisionamiento y ocupación del espacio en el sitio mencionado.
ALTERAÇÃO NA PAISAGEM VEGETAL EM DIFERENTES COMPARTIMENTAÇÕES GEOMORFOLÓGICAS DO VALE DO ACARAÚ - CEARÁ
Authors: Falcão Sobrinho José , Ross Jurandyr Luciano Sanches
Published: November 2022

O presente ensaio enfatiza as características das paisagens relacionadas à vegetação em três compartimentações geomorfológicas do Vale do Acaraú, priorizando uma área de maciço residual úmido (Monsenhor Tabosa); uma área na superfície sertaneja (Varjota) e, por fim, uma área nos tabuleiros litorâneos (Morrinhos).
POLÍTICAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO: UM ESTUDO COMPARADO ENTRE AS MATRIZES DE TRANSPORTES TERRESTRES NO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Pereira Luiz Andrei Gonçalves , Lessa Simone Narciso
Published: November 2022

Os sistemas de transportes articulam e promovem a circulação de pessoas, mercadorias, serviços e informações dentro dos territórios, bem como favorece a expansão do sistema capitalista. O objetivo desse trabalho é comparar o processo de implantação e expansão da infra-estrutura de transportes terrestres, a ferrovia e a rodovia, no período de 1910 a 2008, analisando a sua contribuição para o processo de modernização econômica da mesorregião Norte de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se estudos bibliográficos e dados de fontes primárias e secundárias que permitiram a comparação entre os meios de transportes terrestres. A expansão da ferrovia e rodovia esteve associada à política de modernização conservadora que favoreceu a expansão do sistema capitalista no Norte de Minas Gerais. No processo de expansão há maior investimento no modal rodoviário, o que significou condições privilegiadas da produção industrial, agropecuária e agroindustrial.
ALTERAÇÕES GEOMORFOLÓGICAS NO PERÍMETRO URBANO DA CIDADE DE GUARAPUAVA-PR
Authors: Binda Andrey Luis , Mascarello Leandro Vagner , Silva Wellington Barbosa da
Published: November 2022

A ocupação do relevo no ambiente urbano acarreta diversas mudanças nas características físico-naturais das encostas. Muitas vezes essas alterações trazem consigo diferentes formas de degradação ambiental. Nesse sentido busca-se no presente artigo reconhecer o papel da ação do homem/sociedade na alteração da morfologia das encostas da cidade de Guarapuava-PR, bem como, os efeitos ambientais decorrentes dessa alteração.
ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL POR MEIO DO GEOPROCESSAMENTO: UM ESTUDO DO BAIRRO PLANALTO NO MUNICÍPIO DE UBERLÂNDIA/MG
Authors: Almeida Diones Carlos de Souza , Pina José Hermano Almeida , Resende Thalita Mendes
Published: November 2022

No presente artigo foi feita uma análise acerca de alguns aspectos referentes à qualidade ambiental, como cobertura vegetal e espaços livres de construção, por meio das técnicas de geoprocessamento no Bairro Planalto, localizado no município de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetiva avaliar a qualidade de vida da população local, bem como auxiliar as ações de planejamento e gestão ambiental em áreas urbanas.
ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL E SUSTENTABILIDADE: UM DIÁLOGO POSSÍVEL?
Authors: Melo Josandra Araújo Barreto de
Published: November 2022

No contexto atual em que emerge a necessidade de intervenção sobre o território, objetivando a adoção de atitudes que possibilitem uma relação menos conflituosa entre sociedade-natureza, as estratégias de ordenamento territorial apresentam-se com especial relevância, tendo em vista que procuram compatibilizar as necessidades da sociedade relativas Ã  ocupação e uso do solo com a capacidade de suporte do território. Dessa forma, pretende-se apresentar a gênese do conceito de território e sua evolução, expressa a partir das diversas abordagens, representativas das diferentes correntes teórico-metodológicas da Geografia para, a partir de então, discutir a importância do ordenamento territorial e suas potencialidades para uma efetiva implementação dos princípios da sustentabilidade.
UMA ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA NA CIDADE DE JOÃO PESSOA-PB FRENTE À QUESTÃO AMBIENTAL MUNDIAL
Authors: Pina Sânia Almeida , Almeida Sídia Fonseca , Pina José Hermano Almeida
Published: November 2022

Como ponto de reflexão sobre a questão ambiental mundial, o presente artigo considera a importância dos níveis mínimos ideais de qualidade vida necessária à sociedade em geral. No caso específico, o município de João Pessoa, capital do estado da Paraíba, passa a ser o foco principal de análise, e sua população surge como o centro da discussão calcada na questão da qualidade vida, tendo como referência os fatores mundiais diretamente ligados à questão ambiental, inserida no contexto da geografia urbana, sendo a cidade um amplo objeto de estudo, o qual fornece inúmeras condições de percepção à luz da necessidade social, através das políticas públicas necessárias. Além disso, os assuntos ligados à questão ambiental mundial são usados no sentido de construir um parâmetro real para o estabelecimento de melhorias necessárias na cidade, priorizando a qualidade de vida da população. Tem-se, pois, um diagnóstico da atual gestão municipal frente à questão ambiental mundial, cujo foco é a qualidade de vida da população.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O ESPAÇO RURAL A PARTIR DO ENFOQUE ECONÔMICO DA PAISAGEM E DO TERRITÓRIO
Authors: Fajardo Sergio
Published: November 2022

O objetivo desse trabalho é estabelecer correlações existentes entre a paisagem e o território nos estudos sobre organização do espaço rural. Do mesmo modo que o espaço, numa visão geográfica, é amplo e dinâmico, sofrendo uma série de transformações na sua construção e produção a partir das inter-relações entre a sociedade e a natureza, a paisagem também possui esse caráter dinâmico, ainda que muitas abordagens enxerguem a mesma apenas superficialmente limitando-se aos aspectos visíveis do real. O caráter produtivo é que direciona a produção do espaço rural. A manifestação concreta das transformações econômicas no rural está presente na paisagem.
GEOTECNOLOGIA COMO SUPORTE PARA GERÊNCIA DE PSFs: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE VIÇOSA - MG
Authors: Silva Taciano Oliveira da , Silva Júnior Joaquim Moreira da , Rodrigues Daniel de Freitas , Santana Márcio Neri
Published: November 2022

Neste artigo abordou-se a aplicação da geotecnologia na área de saúde pública, a partir da elaboração de um banco de dados sobre as ocorrências de diarréias, dengue, diabetes e hipertensão, no município de Viçosa - MG. Os dados foram coletados nos postos de saúde da família (PSFs), no posto de combate a dengues e no setor de vigilância epidemiológica da secretaria municipal de saúde, e são referentes ao ano de 2007, com exceção para as ocorrências de diarréia que constam também os dados do ano de 2006. A geotecnologia, a partir do uso de equipamento GPS e de um sistema de informação geográfica (SIG), forneceu um suporte valioso para a análise e a compreensão do comportamento espacial das doenças analisadas. Este entendimento permitiu verificar os locais mais carentes de assistência de saúde preventiva. A geração de mapas auxiliará os agentes de saúde na localização das áreas de ocorrência dos eventos, otimizando o trabalho preventivo de saúde no município.
PLANEJAMENTO, ESPECULAÇÃO IMOBILÁRIA E OCUPAÇÃO FRAGMENTADA EM PALMAS
Authors: Brito Eliseu Pereira de
Published: November 2022

O objetivo deste estudo é entender alguns pontos sobre o planejamento da cidade de Palmas. O trabalho parte de uma leitura sobre a ocupação de Palmas, realizada por meio de trabalhos de campo feitos na cidade, por coletas e organização de dados oficiais e por uma inquietação enquanto morador desta cidade desde sua fundaçao. Construída no final dos anos 80, em decorrência da criação do Estado do Tocantins, Palmas tornou a última cidade planejada do Brasil no século XX. Com uma proposta de cidade inovadora, com projeto inédito, tendo todo o domínio de sua ocupação, o viável foi trocado pelo inviável por meio da especulação imobiliária, gerando transtornos sociais. Com esta reflexão, justifica-se o título do trabalho: planejamento, especulação imobiliária e ocupação fragmentada em Palmas. Um processo contraditório e complexo, quando se trata de uma cidade criada após a Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988. O planejamento e a ocupação na cidade andaram na contramão, dando condições para uma especulação imobiliária sem limites na cidade. O resultado de toda esta falta de relação foi a exclusão social.