bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ETIKA KAO PRETPOSTAVKA OBJEKTIVNOG FINANCIJSKOG IZVJEŠTAVANJA I RAZVOJA RAÈUNOVODSTVENE PROFESIJE
Authors: Piljić Jozo
Published: November 2021

Financijsko izvještavanje u modernoj tržišnoj ekonomiji baziranoj na tržištima kapitala ima vrlo važnu informacijsku ulogu. Naime, u uvjetima razdvojenosti funkcija vlasništva i upravljanja u modernim korporacijama jedini su izvor financijskih podataka za ulagače upravo temeljni financijski izvještaji. Na temelju tih informacija ulagači dolaze do korisnih informacija koje mogu poboljšati njihove ulagačke odluke i maksimalizirati povrat ulaganja. Kako bi postigli ciljeve računovodstvene profesije, računovođe bi pri svom radu morale primjenjivati načela čestitosti, objektivnosti, profesionalne sposobnosti, povjerljivosti i profesionalnog ponašanja. Posljedica raznih manipulacija računovodstvenim podacima, te posljedica mogućih etičkih sukoba su neistiniti financijski izvještaji koji obmanjuju korisnike i cjelokupnu javnost, usmjeravanje kapitala na projekte koji nisu ekonomski opravdani, iz kojih slijedi gubitak ulaganja za vlasnika kapitala i nepovjerenje u financijsko računovodstveni sustav. Profesionalni računovođa ne smije dozvoliti da bude uvučen u pripremu ili izradu financijskih izvještaja na temelju netočnih podataka.
Some aspects of implementation of experimental and innovation activity of an educational institution oriented to the improvement of learning and teaching materials and material and technical support of the educational system
Authors: Pavlenkov Roman Vasil'evich , Gizatullin Marat Galimyanovich
Published: October 2021

The authors consider general and special issues of implementation of experimental and innovation activity of an educational institution using the example of the development and usage of a highly effective hardware and software system based on the components of a small-arms training system “Auto-SCATT” for organization and implementation of educational process (supervised and unsupervised work of students) at an institution of higher education under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia - the Ural Law Law Institute. The research object is the process of professional training of students. The research subject is the use of a training system “Auto-SCATT” during the “Firearms training” lessons. The research methodology is based on analysis, synthesis, comparative and problem-search methods. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that it shows how the firearms training process, based on the complex training system “Auto-SCATT” used at ground vehicle driving lessons for the imitation of off-road shooting in motion, is organized. The authors arrive at the conclusion that the use of the “Auto-SCATT” training system not only promotes the improvement of the quality of firearms discipline learning, but also improves the cognitive activity and personal motivation of students. 
The Danish Cartoons, Charlie Hebdo and the culture wars: satiric limits in comparative national and transnational perspectives
Authors: Rolfe Mark John
Published: November 2021

A considerable body of academic literature has lauded political satirists as rebellious defenders of democracy and free speech against an establishment. Although satire is not always rebellious, this reputation of satirists and of satire may itself be the object of partisan capture. In this article, it is the object of capture by right-wing populists. In that respect, satire and the meta-discourse about satire can be used like any political rhetoric in gathering like-minded allies, claiming standards, and fighting opponents. With the Danish cartoons crisis of 2005-2006 and the Charlie Hebdo massacre of 2015, proponents of culture wars rhetoric added satire to their list of Western cultural legacies that needed defence against Islamic terrorism as well as left authoritarian elites who suppressed free speech through political correctness. They constructed simplistic global political dichotomies about satire, free speech, and civilisation and lifted events out of local contexts in a process of global framing. The culture war rhetoric was absolutist in support of free speech and satire on the international level. But the national level reveals the hortatory and partisan side to this rhetoric and the complexities that belie the absolutist stand. Nations are the arenas where struggles over free speech and political humour are played out.
General Trends In Primary School Science Education Research: Examination of Studies Published between 2014-2020
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Şule , BEDİR Doğancan , AKYOL Sinan , TUNÇ İlker
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’ de İlkokul Fen Bilimleri Eğitimi alanında gerçekleştirilen araştırmaların genel eğilimleri belirlemektir. Bu kapsamda 2014-2020 yılları arasında Türkçe olarak yayımlanmış 70 makale 33 Tez olmak üzere toplam
103 çalışma incelenmiştir. İncelemeye dahil edilen çalışmalar yayın türü, çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiği yıl, çalışmanın konusu, çalışmanın örneklem türü ve sayısı, çalışılan fen bilimleri konu alanı ve ünitesi, çalışmada kullanılan
araştırma yöntemi, veri toplama araçları, veri analiz yöntemleri ve anahtar kelimeler açısından sınıflandırılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Çi̇ltaş vd., (2012) tarafından geliştirilen yayın sınıflama formu araştırmanın amaçlarına
uygun olarak düzenlenerek kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde, çoğunlukla makale türünde çalışmalar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaların yıllara göre dağılımları incelendiğinde ise 2019 yılı 41 çalışma
ile en çok çalışma gerçekleştirilen yıl olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmaların gerçekleştirildiği ünite kapsamında yapılan değerlendirmede Madde ve Değişim ile Basit Elektrik Devreleri üniteleri öne çıkarken, araştırma konusu olarak
en fazla öğretme alanında çalışma yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmaların yöntemleri incelendiğinde en fazla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin tercih edildiği, veri toplama aracı olarak görüşme tekniklerinin kullanıldığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Örneklem türü ve büyüklüğü açısından incelendiğinde en fazla çalışma gerçekleştirilen grubun ilkokul 4.sınıf öğrencileri olurken en fazla yoğunlaşılan örneklem büyüklüğü ise 31-100 aralığındadır. Çalışmaların verilerini analiz
sürecinden en fazla kullanılan yöntem ise içerik veri analizi yöntemidir. Anahtar kelimelerin dağılımı incelendiğinde genellikle alanı, öğretim kademesini veya örneklem grubunu içeren anahtar kelimeler kullanıldığı gözlemlenirken,
öğretim yaklaşımlarından “STEM”, duyuşsal değişkenlerden ise “tutum” en fazla kullanılan anahtar kelimeler olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
Patriotic Attitudes of Prospective Social Sciences Teachers
Authors: TARHAN Emine , MEMİŞOĞLU Hatice
Published: November 2021

Günümüzde küreselleşmenin etkisi nedeniyle vatanseverlik eğitimine daha çok önem verilmeye başlanmıştır. Vatanseverlik değerinin kazandırılmasında önemli bir yeri olan sosyal bilgiler dersinde; öğretmenlerin vatanseverlik tutum düzeylerinin
bilinmesinin, öğretim programı içeriklerinin hazırlanması ve eğitim sistemi açısından yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmanın amacı sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının vatanseverlik tutumlarını belirlemeye
çalışmaktır. Araştırmada tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler “Yurtseverlik Tutum Ölçeği” ile elde edilmiştir. Çalışma grubu için, maksimum çeşitlilik esasına dayalı olarak Türkiye’nin farklı coğrafi bölgelerinden 7 üniversite
belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu, belirlenen 7 üniversitede, Sosyal bilgiler ana bilim dalında 1-2-3-4. sınıf düzeyinde öğrenim gören 1467 sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırma, Bolu Abant İzzet
Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimlerde İnsan Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu’nun 08/02/2017 tarihli ve 2017/02 sayılı toplantısında alınan 2017/46 numaralı karar ile etik açıdan uygun bulunmuştur. Yurtseverlik Tutum Ölçeği ile elde edilen
nicel veriler, LISREL programı ile doğrulayıcı faktör analizine tabi tutulmuş daha sonra SPSS paket programı aracılığı ile Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına
göre; sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının kör yurtseverlik tutumlarının orta düzeyde, yapıcı yurtseverlik tutumlarının ise çok yüksek düzeyde olduğu; öğrenim görülen üniversite ve yaşanılan bölge değişkenine göre kör ve yapıcı
yurtseverlik tutum düzeyleri arasında; baba mesleği değişkenine göre kör yurtseverlik tutum düzeyleri arasında ve anne mesleği değişkenine göre ise yapıcı yurtseverlik tutum düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklılıkların olduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır. Yurtseverlik tutum düzeylerinde cinsiyet, sınıf ve ailenin ekonomik durumu değişkenlerine göre ise anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır.
Gender Sensitivity Level among Rural Masses
Authors: Duhan Krishna , Rani Nigam , Malik Poonam , Komal .
Published: October 2021

Women play a fundamental role in the economy of any society. They work as a farmer, on wages basis, as business person, administrator, and entrepreneurs. Women in rural areas face constraints in engaging in all activities viz. cultural, social, economical, health and nutrition etc. Because of gender-based discrimination and social norms, most of their work remains unseen, unrecognized and undervalued. Therefore, this study was conducted on 600 rural (300 male 300 female) people to assess the educational status and sensitivity level. Data was collected with the help of self structured questionnaire by survey method. Results of the study shows that illiterate females (42.90%) were almost double of male (24.40%) that shows high degree of gender disparity in educational level and male members were more sensitized on different aspects (Household responsibility 4.407*, Economical 3.815*, Health and Nutrition 3.243*, Political 2.548*, Media and Technologies 2.126*)  as compare to female regarding equality.  So, there was a need to promoting gender equality and women’s economic empowerment.
Evaluation of the Agromorphological Determinants of the Spread of the Bacterial Disease in Orchards of the Main Mango-Producing Regions in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Guy Brou Kouassi , Mohamed Doumbouya , Franck Oro Zokou , Dabé Doga , Patrick Yapo N'guéssan , Nazaire Kouassi Koffi II , Odette Dogbo Denezon
Published: October 2021

The use of agroecological practices for the management of phytosanitary problems has become a major issue in the context of sustainable development. It is with this in mind that this study was initiated in the regions of Bagoué, Poro and Tchologo. This study consisted of investigating the determinants likely to promote the spread of the bacterial disease in 720 mango trees of the Kent variety distributed in 20 orchards in the regions of Poro, Tchologo and Bagoué. During this study, the incidence and severity of bacterial disease on leaves and fruits (IsFe, IsFr, IcFe, IcFr) as well as agromorphological parameters such as East-West and North-South spans, total leaf area, fruit load, trunk circumference, total height and number of main branches (En EO and NS, SFT, ChFr, CirTr, HaTr and RamP) were measured. The performance of the pearson correlation test revealed that spans (N-S and E-O), HaTr, SFT and ChFr are the 4 agromorphological determinants that promote the spread of bacteriosis in orchards of the three (3) regions. The synthesis of the results of the ACP and the CAH supplemented by a multivariate analysis (MANOVA) made it possible to structure the mango orchards into three (3) homogeneous groups. Group 1 orchards (VB4, VB8, VS1, VF5, VK1, VB7, VF2 and VK2) expressed the lowest severity indices and the incidence of bacteriosis on the leaves (respectively 15.21 ± 8.87% ; 12.21 ± 6.54%) and fruits (respectively 13.11 ± 4.75%; 10.40 ± 2.93%). These orchards featured mango trees with medium trunk circumferences (99.14 ± 17.24 cm), medium trunk heights (145.29 ± 7.24 cm) and smallest spans (6.85 ± 1, 13 m for the NS span and 6.79 ± 1.18 m for the EO span) and total leaf area (15.61 ± 0.06 cm). These results could help develop an agroecological control strategy for the sustainable management of bacterial disease.
Effect of Different Nutrients and its Integration on Growth, Yield and Quality of Double Zero Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Indira Gajjela , Yadav R. B. , Vivek . , Naresh R. K. , Chandra M. Sharath , Shivangi . , Nath Ashish , Pachauri Roop Kishor
Published: October 2021

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Center, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, to assess the effect of different nutrients and their integration on growth, yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Indian mustard cultivar Pusa Mustard 31(PDZM -31) was grown during winter (rabi) season of 2020-21. The treatments comprised of Control (T1), 100% N (T2), 100% NP (T3), 100% NPK (T4), 125%NPK (T5), 100% NPK+ S@40kg ha-1 (T6), 100%NPK+ Zn @5kg ha-1 (T7), 100%NPK + B @1kg ha-1 (T8), 75% NPK+ Vermicompost @ 2t ha-1 (T9), 75%NPK+ Farm Yard Manure @ 6t ha-1 (T10), 75%NPK + VC @ 2t ha-1+ Azotobacter (T11) and 75% NPK + FYM @ 6t ha-1 + Azotobacter (T12). Results revealed that treatment T11 (75% NPK + VC@2t ha-1 + Azotobacter) and T12 (75% NPK + FYM@6t ha-1 + Azotobacter) exhibited significant influence on the growth, yield and quality of mustard as compared to the application of 100% NPK alone. Significant improvement in growth parameters viz. plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation as well as crop growth rate, relative growth rate and yield was recorded with the application of T11 and T12. Maximum oil content (40.67%) was obtained in T6 (100% NPK+ S@ 40kg ha-1) and maximum oil yield (796.76 kg ha-1) was obtained in T12, it remained at par with T5, T6, T10 and T11. Maximum protein content (21.75%) was found in T12 which was on par with T5, T9, T10 & T12. The maximum protein yield (492.88 kg ha-1) was obtained in treatment T12 which was statistically on par with T11, T5 and T6 respectively. T11 and T12 exhibited significant influence on the growth and yield of mustard as compared to other treatments respectivity. Integration of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients improved the growth parameters, yield and quality parameters of Indian mustard, whereas the use of chemical fertilizer alone showed a pronounced decline of these parameters.
Rapid Detection of Airborne Inocula of Grapevine Mildews Using PCR and LAMP Assay
Authors: Basha J. Shajith , Kamalakannan A. , Saraswathy S. , Johnson I. , Ganapati Patil Santosh , Lakshmi K. R. Swarna
Published: October 2021

Grapes powdery mildew and downy mildew caused by Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola respectively are the most devastating diseases  worldwide resulting in significant loss of yield and quality. Epidemics of grapevine mildews are caused by airborne inocula such as conidia and sporangia. Rapid detection of airborne inocula will help to face up timely management strategies under field conditions. The aim of the current study was to design a suction spore trap to trap the airborne mildew inocula and their early detection by molecular methods of PCR and LAMP assay. A total of twelve airborne inocula samples were collected the weekly intervals from 3 to 14 standard weeks of 2021 during the cropping season. The presence of airborne inocula of E. necator was detected on standard weeks 3,6,10 and 13 through PCR assay which yielded an amplicon of 470 bp. Similarly, airborne inocula of P.viticola were detected on standard week 6 only through PCR which yielded an amplicon of 520 bp. A rapid, highly specific , sensitive Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was performed to detect the E. necator and P. viticola using six sets of LAMP primers constructed by targeting rDNA region of ITS and the 5S rRNA and CesA4 a gene, respectively. LAMP assay efficiently detected the presence of airborne inocula of E.necator in most of the samples collected from standard week 3 – 14 except 7, 8, and 9. However, the presence of airborne inocula of P.viticola from standard week 3 – 14 was confirmed by LAMP assay. The LAMP assay is absolutely the best in identifying airborne inocula of grapevine mildews compared to PCR and phenotypic microscopic observation.
Calreticulin and JAK2 Exon 12 Mutation Screening in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms’ in Jeddah Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhatabi Heba , Abdulqayoom Heyam , Alserihi Raed , Felimban Raed , Elaimi Aisha , Allala Zinab , Magboli Afaf , Bahashwan Salem , Alsalmi Hashem , Shihah Abdulelah , Abuzenadah Adel , B. Yasin Elrashed
Published: October 2021

Background: The JAK2 V617F mutation’s discovery has largely facilitated the comprehension of the myeloproliferative neoplasms’(MPNs) pathogenesis. In recent times, calreticulin (CALR) mutations have been detected in patients with JAK2V617F negative primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and essential thrombocythemia (ET).

Methods: This study analyzed the impact of JAK 2 Exon 12 and CALR common mutations in 65 patients with JAK2V617F negative MPN from the Jeddah region. An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to screen four common mutations on Exon 12 and direct sequencing and PCR analysis were utilized to screen all patients for CALR.

Results: None of the patients were positive for the Exon 12 mutation and eight patients were positive for CALR mutations.

Conclusions: This is the first Saudi Arabian research that focused on screening CALR hotspot mutations and this mutation exists. This fact highlights the importance of implementing diagnostic screening of CALR on MPN patients, in general, and patients with high platelet count, in particular. Further screening of other predisposing genetic markers might facilitate the identification of an important genetic variant, which could aid in the understanding of disease pathogenesis.
Methylation Profiling SOCS2 in Philadelphia-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Authors: B. Yasin Elrashed
Published: October 2021

The Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK / STAT) signalling, which is crucial in Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms’ (MPNs), is negatively regulated by molecules such as SOCS, CISH, and SHP1. SOCS2 methylation has been studied in MPN with conflicting results. Here we examine the methylation status of SOCS2 by specific methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in cell lines and 130 diagnostic prepheral blood samples from Ph-ve MPN. Furthermore, we tried to explain the mismatch of the methylation frequency by assigning the investigated MSP primers to the respective genes. Methylation was detected in normal controls using SOCS2-MSP primers in the 3 'translated exon sequence, but not with primers around the transcription start site in the 5' untranslated regions (5'UTR). SOCS2 was completely unmethylated in primary MPN samples and cell lines. In contrast, SOCS2 methylation when using MSP primers located at the 5'UTR is rare in all studies.

In conclusion, SOCS2 methylation is rare in Ph-ve MPN. The appropriate MSP primers are important for an accurate estimate of the methylation frequency. The role of SOCS2 methylation in MPN pathogenesis requires further investigation.
Modifiable and Non-modifiable Risk Factors Association with Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Maheshwari Prem Kumar , Liaquat Memon Hassan , Raja Kapeel , Zeb Shaista , Almani Kamran Ahmed
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of functional dyspepsia in our population.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study has been conducted department of gastroenterology of Isra University Hospital from February 2019 to January 2020. All the patients of all age groups presented with functional dyspepsia and either of gender were included in the study. Patients were interviewed regarding modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors like age, gender, smoking, body mass index, alcohol consumption and stress. All the data was gathered via study proforma.

Results: Total 200 cases of functional dyspepsia were studied for modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Mean age of the cases was 49.45+6.33 years. Most of the cases were more than 40 years of the age. Males were 64.5% and females were 40.5%. According to the ethnicity Sindhi and Punjabi were commonest as 40.5% and 35.0% respectively. Inadequate physical activity and smoking habits were highly prevalent as 57.5% and 36.0% respectively.

Conclusion: As per study conclusion age more than thirty years, male gender, ethnicity of Sindhi and Punjabi, smoking and inadequate physical activity were observed to be highly prevalent modifiable and non-modifiable risk factor of the functional dyspepsia.
Case Report on Encephalitis
Authors: Dhulse Pallavi Shridhar , Kurian Bibin
Published: November 2021

Background: Encephalitis is type of brain inflammation caused by a virus, although it can also be caused by a bacterial or fungal infection or an autoimmune reaction. Encephalitis is a viral or inflammatory brain infection causes fever and headache as well as a low level of awareness, altered mental status (confusion, behavior abnormalities) localized neurologic impairments, and new onset seizure activity.

Case Presentation: The case 7 year, old female patient who was alright one month back admitted in “A.V.B.R. Hospital, Wardha, on date 01/12/2020 with the chief complaint of high grade fever, headache, vomiting, irritability, and alteration of speech and generalized weakness. The patient had undergone various investigation complete blood count, urine analysis, kidney function test, liver function test, peripheral smear and virology test. Cerebrospinal fluid, electroencephalogram (EEG) Test, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test, in MRI report shows altered gyral signal intensity is right fronto-parietal lobe with edema with thickened overlying cortex with effacement of adjacent sulcal spaces features suggestive of viral encephalitis. The patient was treated with antipyretic, antibiotic, loop diuretic, steroid, antiemetic drug to treat vomiting. Monitor all vital signs, checked and recorded intake and output, administered medication as prescribed by doctors.

Conclusion: The inflammation of the brain causes encephalitis, which is a rare but deadly disorder. It can be life -threatening and necessitates immediate hospitalization. Anyone can be harmed, but the very young and elderly are the most vulnerable.
Assess the Level of Stress among Parents of Children with Autism at Selected Autism Schools of Vadodara with a View to Give Need Based Education
Authors: Patel Bhavisha , Suresh V. , Patel Bhoomika , Patel Mihir , Patel Monali , Patel Nidhi , Patel Om
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Children with a Autism spectrum disorders have impairment in the area of communication and social interaction and often display repetitive and non often display. Their parents having stress a to manage their children to education and future purpose. This study has assessed the stress level in parents and manage their stress with coping mechanism.

Aims and Objective: 1) To assess the level of stress among parents of children with autism.2) To find association between level of stress and selected demographic variables.

Methods: The data for main study collection was 30 Parents. Description of the tools refers to the explanation of the content of the tool. The researcher lists the number of items and the scoring for each item in the tool. The tool used for the present study is Parenting stress index - Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyses the data by using SPSS-20 software. We use purposive sampling technique.

Results: The majority of the parents having a moderate stress (83.3%), and severe stress (10%) and mild stress (6.66%) and nonstress level (0.0%). the stress level analysis showed that stress in parents (R=0.321, p=0.00) at significance of 0.05 level present.

Conclusion: The present study concluded that there is a stress level of parents among children having a moderate stress and there is a no any association between the level of stress and selected demographic variable.
Social Impact of COVID-19 on Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh and India’s Policy Stand: An Analytical Study
Authors: Puri Nancy , Akhouri C. R.
Published: November 2021

Aims: The Paper will explore about the COVID- 19 social challenges confronted by the Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazar of Bangladesh and will also discuss the role of India in providing medical assistance to Rohingyas in Bangladesh and further will explain a set of policy recommendations designed to improve the life chances of the Rohingya community both now and in the future.

Study Design:  Descriptive Study.

Methodology: A detailed and related Review of literature of the previous work has been collected in order to extract the information about the vulnerable conditions of Rohingyas refugees in Bangladesh amid novel coronavirus. The paper is based on qualitative research design and the data has been collected from official reports, documents, newspaper, journal articles, books based on Rohingyas refugees in Bangladesh.

Results: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a grave social threat to the Rohingya refugees in the camps of Bangladesh. Having fled decades of persecution by the Burmese military, the majority of Rohingya currently live in densely populated refugee camps in Bangladesh. Most are denied access to the internet, mobile phones, humanitarian aid, and sanitary conditions and living in congested camps—all of which heighten the risk of infection and contamination. Currently in 2021, Government of India and International Organization are providing COVID- 19 vaccines and medical assistance to Rohingyas in Bangladesh.

Conclusion: Despite facing social impact from COVID- 19, Government of India are taking imperative steps, both to protect the Rohingya from widespread infection and to create the conditions whereby future tragedy can be preempted.
Nuclear FABP7 regulates cell proliferation of wild‐type IDH1 glioma through caveolae formation
Authors: Kagawa Yoshiteru , Umaru Banlanjo Abdulaziz , Kanamori Masayuki , Zama Ryo , Shil Subrata Kumar , Miyazaki Hirofumi , Kobayashi Shuhei , Wannakul Tunyanat , Yang Shuhan , Tominaga Teiji , Owada Yuji
Published: October 2021

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism. IDH1 mutation (IDH1mut) is the most important genetic alteration in lower grade glioma, whereas glioblastoma (GB), the most common malignant brain tumor, often has wild‐type IDH1 (IDH1wt). Although there is no effective treatment yet for neither IDH1wt nor IDHmut GB, it is important to note that the survival span of IDH1wt GB patients is significantly shorter than those with IDH1mut GB. Thus, understanding IDH1wt GB biology and developing effective molecular‐targeted therapies is of paramount importance. Fatty acid‐binding protein 7 (FABP7) is highly expressed in GB, and its expression level is negatively correlated with survival in malignant glioma patients; however, the underlying mechanisms of FABP7 involvement in tumor proliferation are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that FABP7 is highly expressed and localized in nuclei in IDH1wt glioma. Wild‐type FABP7 (FABP7wt) overexpression in IDH1wt U87 cells increased cell proliferation rate, caveolin‐1 expression, and caveolae/caveosome formation. In addition, FABP7wt overexpression increased the levels of H3K27ac on the caveolin‐1 promoter through controlling the nuclear acetyl‐CoA level via the interaction with ACLY. Consistent results were obtained using a xenograft model transplanted with U87 cells overexpressing FABP7. Interestingly, in U87 cells with mutant FABP7 overexpression, both in vitro and in vivo phenotypes shown by FABP7wt overexpression were disrupted. Furthermore, IDH1wt patient GB showed upregulated caveolin‐1 expression, increased levels of histone acetylation, and increased levels of acetyl‐CoA compared with IDH1mut patient GB. Taken together, these data suggest that nuclear FABP7 is involved in cell proliferation of GB through caveolae function/formation regulated via epigenetic regulation of caveolin‐1, and this mechanism is critically important for IDH1wt tumor biology.
T2R bitter taste receptors regulate apoptosis and may be associated with survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Carey Ryan M. , McMahon Derek B. , Miller Zoey A. , Kim TaeBeom , Rajasekaran Karthik , Gopallawa Indiwari , Newman Jason G. , Basu Devraj , Nead Kevin T. , White Elizabeth A. , Lee Robert J.
Published: October 2021

Better management of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) requires a clearer understanding of tumor biology and disease risk. Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) have been studied in several cancers, including thyroid, salivary, and GI, but their role in HNSCC has not been explored. We found that HNSCC patient samples and cell lines expressed functional T2Rs on both the cell and nuclear membranes. Bitter compounds, including bacterial metabolites, activated T2R‐mediated nuclear Ca2+ responses leading to mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation, and ultimately apoptosis. Buffering nuclear Ca2+ elevation blocked caspase activation. Furthermore, increased expression of T2Rs in HNSCCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas is associated with improved overall survival. This work suggests that T2Rs are potential biomarkers to predict outcomes and guide treatment selection, may be leveraged as therapeutic targets to stimulate tumor apoptosis, and may mediate tumor‐microbiome crosstalk in HNSCC.
Relationship between drainage capacity and foundation settlement at Pre Rup Temple: Basic study on Khmer architecture drainage systems Part 1
Authors: Kojima Yoko , Mikami Kousei , Shiokawa Hiroyoshi , Shigeeda Yutaka , Agatsuma Hiroki
Published: October 2021

In the ancient city of Angkor, heavy rainfall was common in the rainy season and rapid rainwater drainage was important for maintaining urban functions. This study focuses on the drainage system of an example of Khmer architecture from the Angkor period, the Pre Rup temple built in the year 961. We analyze the relationship between the drainage capacity and foundation settlement, revealing that the foundation settlement was larger near drainage channels with a low drainage capacity. After showing that only a few of the drainage channels function properly, it is possible to have some certainty on the relationship between the drainage capacity and foundation settlement.
Determinants of quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: a perspective of novel clinical subtypes
Authors: Fan Yun , Zhang Mengwei , Liang Xiaoniu , Shen Bo , Xu Zhiheng , Li Shiyu , Hu Tianyu , Wu Bin , Zhao Jue , Sun Yimin , Liu Fengtao , Tang Yilin , Wang Jian
Published: October 2021

Objective

New subtyping classification systems of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been proposed for phenotyping patients into three different subtypes: mild motor‐predominant (PD‐MMP), intermediate (PD‐IM) and diffuse malignant (PD‐DM). The quality of life (QoL) underlying the novel PD clinical subtypes is unknown. This study aimed explore the feasibility of the classification in Chinese PD patients and to investigate the potential heterogeneous determinants of QoL among the three subtypes.

Methods

298 PD patients were enrolled, including 129 PD‐MMP patients, 121 PD‐IM patients and 48 PD‐DM patients. All patients completed the QoL assessment, clinical evaluations and neuropsychological tests. Univariate linear analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were performed to identify determinants of QoL.

Results

Compared to PD‐MMP patients, PD‐IM and PD‐DM patients had more impaired QoL. The Geriatric Depression Rating Scale (GDS) score, Non‐Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQ) score, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS‐III) score and Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) were independent contributors to QoL in PD‐MMP patients. The GDS score, ESS and sniffin’ sticks screening 12 test score were independent contributors to QoL in PD‐IM patients. The GDS score and Mini Mental State Examination score were independent contributors to QoL in PD‐DM patients.

Interpretation

The new novel subtyping classification is feasible for Chinese PD patients. Although depression was the most crucial determinant for QoL in PD‐MMP, PD‐IM and PD‐DM patients, the other contributors of QoL in the three subtypes were heterogeneous. These findings may prompt clinicians to target specific factors for improving QoL depending on PD subtypes.
3D‐Printed Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Scaffold With In Silico Optimized Macrostructure Enhances Bone Formation In Vivo
Authors: Van hede Dorien , Liang Bingbing , Anania Sandy , Barzegari Mojtaba , Verlée Bruno , Nolens Grégory , Pirson Justine , Geris Liesbet , Lambert France
Published: October 2021

3D printing technologies are a promising approach to treat intra‐oral bone defects, especially those with poor regenerative potential. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the impact of internal design specifications on the bone regenerative potential. Here, an in silico approach to optimize the internal design of calcium phosphate‐based scaffolds for bone regeneration is proposed. Based on an in silico model of neotissue formation, a gyroid 3D‐printed scaffold is designed and manufactured using UV stereolithography of bioceramic materials. An orthogonal lattice structure 3D‐printed scaffold and a particulate xenograft are used as control groups. The scaffolds are implanted subperiosteally under a shell on rat calvarium for 4 or 8 weeks and bone neoformation performances are investigated by nanofocus computed tomography and decalcified histology. After 8 weeks, the gyroid group is associated with a higher ingrowth potential of the bone and is characterized by signs of osteoinduction (newly formed bone islands). The bone to material contact is similar between the gyroid and the particulate groups. The present results reinforce this in silico modeling strategy to design calcium phosphate‐based 3D scaffolds and the gyroid experimental internal architecture seems to be highly promising for intra‐oral bone regeneration applications.
4D Printing of Liquid Crystals: What's Right for Me?
Authors: del Pozo Marc , Sol Jeroen A. H. P. , Schenning Albert P. H. J. , Debije Michael G.
Published: October 2021

Recent years have seen major advances in the developments of both additive manufacturing concepts and responsive materials. When combined as 4D printing, the process can lead to functional materials and devices for use in health, energy generation, sensing, and soft robots. Among responsive materials, liquid crystals, which can deliver programmed, reversible, rapid responses in both air and underwater, are a prime contender for additive manufacturing, given their ease of use and adaptability to many different applications. In this paper, selected works are compared and analyzed to come to a didactical overview of the liquid crystal‐additive manufacturing junction. Reading from front to back gives the reader a comprehensive understanding of the options and challenges in the field, while researchers already experienced in either liquid crystals or additive manufacturing are encouraged to scan through the text to see how they can incorporate additive manufacturing or liquid crystals into their own work. The educational text is closed with proposals for future research in this crossover field.
Rapid Extraction and Detection of Biomolecules via a Microneedle Array of Wet‐Crosslinked Methacrylated Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Park SeungHyun , Kim Yong Jae , Park Sanghyun , Hong Hyeonaug , Lee JiYong , Kim Seon Il , Lee KangJu , Ryu WonHyoung
Published: October 2021

The rapid detection of biomolecule levels in the human body is often required to monitor human health. Although swellable microneedle arrays are widely used to extract biomolecules in interstitial fluid in a minimally invasive manner, it takes 3–15 min to carry this out. Herein, we report the development of a microneedle sensor system for the rapid detection of biomolecules. By controlling the crosslinking sequence of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) used in the microneedle array, we achieve a swelling ratio of approximately 600% in 30 s in vitro. Furthermore, an electrochemical measurement method is utilized to detect redox reaction of biomolecules extracted with the MeHA microneedle array and screen‐printed electrode. One can measure 1 × 10−6 m of dopamine in 3 s in vitro and with excellent selectivity in a solution of dopamine along with 100 × 10−6 m of L‐ascorbic acid and uric acid. Finally, ex vivo electrochemical analysis is performed on a gelatin phantom and porcine skin containing various concentrations of dopamine and can detect 10 × 10−6 m of dopamine within 30 s. Thus, the swellable hydrogel‐based microneedle array can be applied to biomolecule sensing in interstitial fluid within a few seconds.
Measuring Influenza A Virus and Peptide Interaction Using Electrically Controllable DNA Nanolevers
Authors: Kruse Marlen , Möser Christin , Smith David M. , Müller‐Landau Hanna , Rant Ulrich , Hölzel Ralph , Bier Frank F.
Published: October 2021

Electrically controllable deoxyribonuclic acid (DNA) nanolevers are used to investigate the binding interaction between Influenza A/Aichi/2/1968 and the peptide called “PeB”, which specifically binds the viral surface protein hemagglutinin. PeB is immobilized on gold electrodes of a “switchSENSE” biochip by conjugation to DNA‐strands that are hybridized to complementary anchors. The surface‐tethered DNA strand carries a fluorophore while the complementary strand is a multivalent arrangement carrying up to three PeB peptides. The nanolevers are kept upright (static) by applying a negative potential. Signal read‐out for this static measurement mode is the change in fluorescence intensity due to changes in the local environment of the dye upon binding. Measurements of virus‐peptide interaction show that the virus material specifically binds to the immobilized peptides and remains bound throughout the measurement time. Immobilized viruses are subsequently used as ligands to characterize oligovalent peptide binding to hemagglutinin, revealing rate constants of the interaction. Moreover, three Influenza A subtypes are compared in their binding behavior. Overall, this paper shows the ability to immobilize virus material on a sensor surface, which allows to target virus‐proteins in their native environment. The “switchSENSE” method is therefore applicable to characterize virus‐receptor interactions.
Laser‐Assisted Synthesis of Ag2S‐Quantum‐Dot‐in‐Perovskite Matrix and Its Application in Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Zhao Chen , Chen Cailing , Wei Ran , Zou Yuting , Kong Wenchi , Huang Tao , Yu Zhi , Yang Jianjun , Li Feng , Han Yu , Guo Chunlei , Yu Weili
Published: October 2021

Halide perovskites are widely explored as efficient photoresponsive materials for optoelectronic devices. However, understanding and controlling their underlying optical and electrical properties remains limited. Here, a novel approach is developed by introducing silver sulfide (Ag2S) quantum dots (QDs) into an MAPbBr3single crystal. The high‐quality Ag2S‐quantum‐dot‐in‐perovskite (Ag2S‐QDiP) matrixes synthesized through a laser‐assisted inverse temperature crystallization (LA‐ITC) strategy show broadband light‐sensitive wavelength from 550 to over 1000 nm, and a balanced carriers mobility facilitates their transmission and collection. A Ag2S‐QDiP‐enabled photodetector is demonstrated, which exhibits considerably enhanced responsivity and detectivity of 1.17 A W−1and 6.24 × 1014Jones at 532 nm, and 57.69 mA W−1and 1.03 × 1011Jones at 1064 nm, respectively. The enhanced performance in the near‐infrared (NIR) region can be attributed to the discrete heterojunction formed between MAPbBr3and Ag2S QDs, which enhances the light absorption in the NIR range and facilitates photogenerated excitons’ separation at the interface. The facile synthesis process, the more balanced transport behavior, and the ensuing improved device performance highlight introducing QDs into perovskite single crystal as an efficient strategy for tuning fundamental properties of perovskite and for developing high‐efficiency broadband electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Circularly Polarized Emission from Mixture of Vacuum‐Evaporated Mesogenic Luminophores
Authors: Yu Chang‐Jae , Lee Dong‐Myung , Han Jin‐Kyung , Lee You‐Jin , Kim Sa‐Wook , Choi E‐Joon , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: October 2021

Direct circular polarized (CP) emission from a twisted mesogenic luminophore is one of the promising approaches for generating high degree of CP light since device parameters governing the degree of CP emission are easily controlled. Most high CP emissions have been performed by solution process since a twisted structure of mesogenic luminophore is easily achieved. However, since solution process has been impeded by the limitation of low resolution and efficiency, vacuum evaporation has been commonly used in display industries to obtain high performance and resolution. Here, high CP electroluminescence (CPEL) with a dissymmetric factor of 0.914 is demonstrated through the sequential vacuum evaporation of two mesogenic luminophores and chiral agent. The sequentially evaporated luminophores and chiral agent are converted into a mixture by thermal annealing, and the luminophore mixture constructs a twisted structure and generates resultantly high CPEL. The electroluminescence device fabricated with the mixture exhibits three times higher luminance and two times higher efficiency than the devices with each single luminophore. Further, the dissymmetric factors according to the device parameters based on the Stokes parameter analysis are theoretically investigated. It is anticipated that the approach paves the way toward improving CPEL performance.
Biodegradable and Excretable 2D W1.33C i‐MXene with Vacancy Ordering for Theory‐Oriented Cancer Nanotheranostics in Near‐Infrared Biowindow
Authors: Zhou Bangguo , Yin Haohao , Dong Caihong , Sun Liping , Feng Wei , Pu Yinying , Han Xiaoxia , Li Xiaolong , Du Dou , Xu Huixiong , Chen Yu
Published: October 2021

MXenes, a new class of two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, have shown enormous potential for biological applications. Notably, the development of 2D MXenes in nanomedicine is still in its infancy. Herein, a distinct W1.33C i‐MXene with multiple theranostic functionalities, fast biodegradation, and satisfactory biocompatibility is explored. By designing a parent bulk laminate in‐plane ordered (W2/3Y1/3)2AlC ceramic and optionally etching aluminum (Al) and yttrium (Y) elements, 2D W1.33C i‐MXene nanosheets with ordered divacancies are efficiently fabricated. Especially, theoretical simulations reveal that W1.33C i‐MXene possesses a strong predominance of near‐infrared (NIR) absorbance. The constructed ultrathin W1.33C nanosheets feature excellent photothermal‐conversion effectiveness (32.5% at NIR I and 49.3% at NIR II) with desirable biocompatibility and fast degradation in normal tissue rather than in tumor tissue. Importantly, the multimodal‐imaging properties and photothermal‐ablation performance of W1.33C‐BSA nanosheets are systematically revealed and demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism and regulation factors for the W1.33C‐BSA nanosheets‐induced hyperthermia ablation are also revealed by transcriptome and proteome sequencing. This work offers a paradigm that i‐MXenes achieve the tailoring biomedical applications through composition and structure design on the atomic scale.
An Artificial Nerve Capable of UV‐Perception, NIR–Vis Switchable Plasticity Modulation, and Motion State Monitoring
Authors: Ni Yao , Feng Jiulong , Liu Jiaqi , Yu Hang , Wei Huanhuan , Du Yi , Liu Lu , Sun Lin , Zhou Jianlin , Xu Wentao
Published: October 2021

The first flexible organic‐heterojunction neuromorphic transistor (OHNT) that senses broadband light, including near‐ultraviolet (NUV), visible (vis), and near‐infrared (NIR), and processes multiplexed‐neurotransmission signals is demonstrated. For UV perception, electrical energy consumption down to 536 aJ per synaptic event is demonstrated, at least one order of magnitude lower than current UV‐sensitive synaptic devices. For NIR‐ and vis‐perception, switchable plasticity by alternating light sources is yielded for recognition and memory. The device emulates multiplexed neurochemical transition of different neurotransmitters such as dopamine and noradrenaline to form short‐term and long‐term responses. These facilitate the first realization of human‐integrated motion state monitoring and processing using a synaptic hardware, which is then used for real‐time heart monitoring of human movement. Motion state analysis with the 96% accuracy is then achieved by artificial neural network. This work provides important support to future biomedical electronics and neural prostheses.
Shaping by Internal Material Frustration: Shifting to Architectural Scale
Authors: Blonder Arielle , Sharon Eran
Published: October 2021

Self‐morphing of thin plates could greatly impact the life if used in architectural context. Yet, so far, its realizations are limited to small‐scale structures made of model materials. Here, new fabrication techniques are developed that turn two conventional construction materials—clay and fiber composites (FRP)—into smart, self‐morphing materials, compatible with architectural needs. Controlled experiments verify the quantitative connection between the prescribed small‐scale material structure and the global 3D surface, as predicted by the theory of incompatible elastic sheets. Scaling up of desired structures is demonstrated, including a method that copes with self‐weight effects. Finally, a method for the construction of FRP surfaces with complex curvature distribution is presented, together with a software interface that allows the computation of the 3D surface for a given fiber pattern (the forward problem), as well as the fiber distribution required for a desired 3D shape (the inverse problem). This work shows the feasibility of large‐scale self‐morphing surfaces for architecture.
Paraspeckle Protein NONO Promotes TAZ Phase Separation in the Nucleus to Drive the Oncogenic Transcriptional Program
Authors: Wei Yiju , Luo Huacheng , Yee Patricia P. , Zhang Lijun , Liu Zhijun , Zheng Haiyan , Zhang Lei , Anderson Benjamin , Tang Miaolu , Huang Suming , Li Wei
Published: October 2021

The Hippo pathway effector TAZ promotes cellular growth, survival, and stemness through regulating gene transcription. Recent studies suggest that TAZ liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) compartmentalizes key cofactors to activate transcription. However, how TAZ LLPS is achieved remains unknown. Here, it is shown that the paraspeckle protein NONO is required for TAZ LLPS and activation in the nucleus. NONO is a TAZ‐binding protein. Their interaction shows temporal regulation parallel to the interaction between TAZ and TEAD as well as to the expression of TAZ target genes. NONO depletion reduces nuclear TAZ LLPS, while ectopic NONO expression promotes the LLPS. Accordingly, NONO depletion reduces TAZ interactions with TEAD, Rpb1, and enhancers. In glioblastoma, expressions of NONO and TAZ are both upregulated and predict poor prognosis. Silencing NONO expression in an orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model inhibits TAZ‐driven tumorigenesis. Together, this study suggests that NONO is a nuclear factor that promotes TAZ LLPS and TAZ‐driven oncogenic transcriptional program.