bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A charged finitely extensible dumbbell model: Explaining rheology of dilute polyelectrolyte solutions
Authors: Shogin D. , Amundsen P. A.
Published: June 2020

A robust non-Newtonian fluid model of dilute polyelectrolyte solutions is derived from kinetic theory arguments. Polyelectrolyte molecules are modeled as finitely elongated nonlinear elastic dumbbells, where effective charges (interacting through a simple Coulomb force) are added to the beads in order to model the repulsion between the charged sections of polyelectrolyte chains. It is shown that the relative strength of this repulsion is regulated by the electric-to-elastic energy ratio, E, which is one of the key parameters of the model. In particular, E accounts for the intrinsic rigidity of polyelectrolyte molecules and can be used to explain the impact of solvent salinity on polyelectrolyte rheology. With two preaveraging approximations, the constitutive equations of the resulting fluid model are formulated in closed form. Material functions predicted by the model for steady shear flow, steady extensional flow, small-amplitude oscillatory shear flow, and start-up and cessation of steady shear flow are obtained and investigated using a combination of analytical and numerical methods. In particular, it is shown how these material functions depend on E. The two limiting cases of the model—uncharged dumbbells (E = 0) and rigid dumbbells (E → ∞)—are included in the analysis. It is found that despite its simplicity, the model predicts most of the experimentally observed rheological features of polyelectrolyte solutions.
Line shape parameters of PH3 transitions: Theoretical studies of self-broadened widths and line mixing effects
Authors: Boulet C. , Ma Q.
Published: June 2020

Line mixing effects have been calculated in various parallel and perpendicular bands of self-broadened PH3 lines and compared with recent experimental data. The theoretical approach is an extension to symmetric tops with high inversion barrier of the formalism previously developed for NH3 [Q. Ma and C. Boulet, J. Chem. Phys. 144, 224303 (2016)]. The model takes into account the non-diagonality of the scattering operator within the line space as well as, in a correct way, the double degeneracy of the j, k levels when k ≠ 0. Transitions between such levels should be considered as doublets whose components may be coupled by the line mixing process. It has been shown that, at low pressure, the inversion of the experimental data will strongly depend on the splitting between the two components of a doublet. When it is significant, one can measure independently both the width of one component and the intra-doublet coupling matrix element. Otherwise, one can only measure the sum of these two elements. Comparisons with measurements show that the present formalism leads to accurate predictions of the experimental line shapes.
Robert Donald Bruce Fraser 1924–2019
Authors: Rogers George E. , Miller Andrew , Parry David A. D.
Published: June 2020

Robert Donald Bruce (Bruce) Fraser was a biophysicist who gained world-wide distinction for his extensive structural studies of fibrous proteins. Bruce began a part-time BSc degree at Birkbeck College, London, while working as a laboratory assistant. In 1942, aged 18, he interrupted his studies and volunteered for training as a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF). He was sent to the Union of South Africa and was selected for instructor training, specialising in teaching pilot navigation. At the end of the war he completed his BSc at King’s College, London, and followed this with a PhD. Bruce studied the structure of biological molecules, including DNA, using infra-red micro-spectroscopy in the Biophysics Unit at King’s led by physicist J. T. Randall FRS. During that time Bruce built a structure for DNA that was close to the Watson-Crick structure that gained them and Maurice Wilkins at Kings College, the Nobel Prize in 1962. In 1952, he immigrated to Australia with his family to a position in the newly formed Wool Textile Research Laboratories at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). Here, Bruce established a biophysics group for research on the structure of wool and other fibrous proteins that flourished until his retirement. Over that period he was internationally recognized as the pre-eminent fibrous protein structuralist world-wide. Having been acting chief, Bruce was subsequently appointed chief of the Division of Protein Chemistry and he remained in that role until he took retirement in 1987.
L-Arginine alleviates the testosterone reduction in heat-treated mice by upregulating LH secretion, the testicular antioxidant system and expression of steroidogenesis-related genes
Authors: Jia Xiao , Li Zhaojian , Ren Xin , Dai Pengyuan , Li Yansen , Li Chunmei
Published: June 2020

High temperature can reduce testes function, leading to decreased testosterone secretion. Dietary l-arginine (l-Arg) supplementation improves the semen quality and libido of boars. The present study investigated whether l-Arg could enhance the production of testosterone in mice exposed to high ambient temperature. Twenty-four 6-week-old male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a heat-treated (HT) group and a group subjected to heat treatment plus 2mg kg−1 l-Arg (HT+Arg). l-Arg was administered to mice by oral gavage for 18 consecutive days, after which the HT and HT+Arg groups were placed into an incubator at 40°C for 30min every day for 5 days. Serum testosterone and LH concentrations were significantly increased in the HT+Arg compared with HT group, as was catalase, total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity and the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star), steroidogenic factor-1 (Sf1), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (Hsd17b3) and 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (Cyp17a1) in the testes. These results demonstrate that l-Arg can alleviate testosterone reductions in heat-treated mice by upregulating LH secretion, enhancing the antioxidant system and increasing the expression of testosterone synthesis-related genes.
Godly vocabulary in Early Modern English religious debate
Authors: Smith Jeremy J.
Published: June 2020

The English Reformation of the mid-sixteenth century was characterised by a vigorous public discourse of controversy, mediated by the still-novel printing press. On the one side were those – the godly – who favoured reformed religion; on the other were those – generally exiles – who held to increasingly embattled Roman Catholicism. This chapter compares the outputs of two communities of practice – one Protestant, one Catholic – from a key period in the Reformation’s history: the 1560s. It demonstrates how both sides developed distinctive, ideologically-charged lexicons of theology and insult. It also shows how reformers in particular deployed a coded English vocabulary, including words not usually seen as part of the semantic field of religion, to mark their distinctive discourse community.
Sort of and kind of from an English-Swedish perspective
Authors: Aijmer Karin
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study has been to contribute to the discussion of type nouns by investigating the different meanings and functions of sort of and kind of from an English-Swedish contrastive perspective on the basis of their correspondences (translations or sources) in the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus. The results can confirm analyses of the functions of sort of and kind of which have been suggested in earlier work and point to cases where sort/kind of are ambivalent between different functions. The contrastive analysis gives support for both conventional and less conventional or semi-conventionalised meanings, implicatures, pragmatic effects and semantic (negative) connotations associated with the type noun.
Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the tumor microenvironment drives dysfunction in intrapancreatic CD8+ T cells
Authors: Manzo Teresa , Prentice Boone M. , Anderson Kristin G. , Raman Ayush , Schalck Aislyn , Codreanu Gabriela S. , Nava Lauson Carina B. , Tiberti Silvia , Raimondi Andrea , Jones Marissa A. , Reyzer Michelle , Bates Breanna M. , Spraggins Jeffrey M. , Patterson Nathan H. , McLean John A. , Rai Kunal , Tacchetti Carlo , Tucci Sara , Wargo Jennifer A. , Rodighiero Simona , Clise-Dwyer Karen , Sherrod Stacy D. , Kim Michael , Navin Nicholas E. , Caprioli Richard M. , Greenberg Philip D. , Draetta Giulio , Nezi Luigi
Published: June 2020

CD8+ T cells are master effectors of antitumor immunity, and their presence at tumor sites correlates with favorable outcomes. However, metabolic constraints imposed by the tumor microenvironment (TME) can dampen their ability to control tumor progression. We describe lipid accumulation in the TME areas of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) populated by CD8+ T cells infiltrating both murine and human tumors. In this lipid-rich but otherwise nutrient-poor TME, access to using lipid metabolism becomes particularly valuable for sustaining cell functions. Here, we found that intrapancreatic CD8+ T cells progressively accumulate specific long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), which, rather than provide a fuel source, impair their mitochondrial function and trigger major transcriptional reprogramming of pathways involved in lipid metabolism, with the subsequent reduction of fatty acid catabolism. In particular, intrapancreatic CD8+ T cells specifically exhibit down-regulation of the very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) enzyme, which exacerbates accumulation of LCFAs and very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) that mediate lipotoxicity. Metabolic reprogramming of tumor-specific T cells through enforced expression of ACADVL enabled enhanced intratumoral T cell survival and persistence in an engineered mouse model of PDA, overcoming one of the major hurdles to immunotherapy for PDA.
Dynamics of entropic uncertainty for three types of three-level atomic systems under the random telegraph noise*
Authors: Xu Xiong , Fang Mao-Fa
Published: June 2020

We study the dynamics of the entropic uncertainty for three types of three-level atomic systems coupled to an environment modeled by random matrices. The results show that the entropic uncertainty in the Ξ-type atomic system is lower than that in the V-type atomic system which is exactly the same as that in the Λ-type atomic system. In addition, the effect of relative coupling strength on entropic uncertainty is opposite in Markov region and non-Markov region, and the influence of a common environment and independent environments in Markov region and non-Markov region is also opposite. One can reduce the entropic uncertainty by decreasing relative coupling strength or placing the system in two separate environments in the Markov case. In the non-Markov case, the entropic uncertainty can be reduced by increasing the relative coupling strength or by placing the system in a common environment.
Design of Hainan Satellite Constellation and Applications for Ocean Observations
Authors: Wang L , Li G Q , Li X M , Yang T L
Published: June 2020

The one belt and one road initiative, an international tourism island construction and the sustainable development of the Hainan province in China, requires the global Earth observation information obtained via satellite remote sensing. However, the unique geographical location of the Hainan province and its cloudy and rainy climate causes several challenges for the acquisition of high-quality satellite remote sensing images. To address this issue, the proposed Hainan satellite constellation is aimed at building a remote sensing satellite system equipped with optical, hyperspectral, and radar payloads as well as a payload for ship automatic identification system, considering specific business requirements. The application will focus on ship detection and islands and marine environment observations. Once the complete operation of the Hainan satellite constellation is established, it will supply high-frequency and coverage observations in low-latitude regions, covering major portions of the maritime silk road areas. This will facilitate marine environment protection and services, and marine resources exploration. This paper introduces the design of the Hainan satellite constellation, including its architecture, characteristics and innovations, and potential applications for ocean observations.
An image cube subscription service prototype based on 3D topological relationship and its case study
Authors: Wei Dandan , Yu Jinsongdi , Yang Yanling , Wang Dong , Tong Ruiju
Published: June 2020

The normalization, standardization and unification of GIS image cube services support the effective sharing of geographic information data, solve problems of incompatibility and non-uniformity of image cube data services, significantly improve the sharing and socialized use of geographic information resources, and promote the development of digital earth. By reviewing and comparing various geographic information subscription and service standards in the mainstream of GIS industry, this study analyzed requirements of standardized GIS image cube data subscription services, proposed a standardized subscription service prototype considering relationships among three-dimensional entities, and explored an industrial application implementation mechanism according to case demands of specific fields.
Sensitivity of Scattering and Absorbing Aerosol to Top of Atmosphere Polarization Pattern
Authors: Zhao Haimeng , Yang Haiju , Sun Peng , Wu Yi , Li Lihe , Zhu Jianfang , Xiong Chuan
Published: June 2020

In this letter we simulated the top of atmosphere (TOA) polarization patterns with scattering and absorbing aerosol situations through a successive orders of scattering (SOS) radiative transfer model. In the analysis of single scattering properties of aerosol particles, absorbing aerosol has an obvious different pattern from those non-absorbing aerosols. The TOA Degree of Linear Polarization (DoLP) decreases significantly when scattering aerosol optic depth (AOD) increases. While for absorbing aerosol case, the TOA DoLP keep stable or even increases when aerosol absorbing AOD increases, which suggest a way to retrieve absorbing property of aerosol.
Ulva prolifera detection with dual-polarization GF-3 SAR data
Authors: Geng Xiaomeng , Li Pingxiang , Yang Jie , Shi Lei , Li Xiao-ming , Zhao Jinqi
Published: June 2020

Ulva prolifera is a marine hazard occurs frequently in the Yellow Sea of China, which has led to continuous impacts on the marine environment. Accurate and timely information on Ulva prolifera monitoring by satellite remote sensing, plays a significant role in the marine ecological environment and coastal tourism development. Compared with optical remote sensing, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has the capability of imaging the earth‘s surface independent of sunlight and cloud, as well as in high spatial resolution. Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) backscattered signal that contains scattering and phase information, has a great advantage in target observation. An experiment based on GF-3 dual polarimetric characteristics features is implemented, which indicates it is suitable for detecting Ulva prolifera. The detection results are extracted based on the proposed method in Lianyungang coastal zone. Compared with the ground truth of expert interpretation, the kappa coefficient is 0.94, and the overall accuracy is 0.99.
Towards efficient digital governance of city air pollution using technique of big atmospheric environmental data
Authors: Ren Xuanzhengbo , Zhao Yuqi , Wu Lin , Jiang Jinrong , Zhang Changbin , Tang Xiao , Han Lina , Zhu Mingming , Wang Zifa
Published: June 2020

The 11th goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) aims at making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, to which the rising city air pollution poses a severe challenge. Achieving this goal necessitates governing city air quality at large scale. However, the lack of interconnection among air quality modelling, multi-source data, pollution diagnosis and control actions impedes scalable and efficient governance of city air pollution. Here we present a design of digital governance to make full use of science and information techniques, so that information and decisions can be well generated and processed to form scientific prevention and control against heavy city air pollution. We implement the desired interconnection based on open-architecture big atmospheric environmental data system, which supports digitizing the workflow and dataflow of governance practices. Through the network of digital governance, those cities with limited resources and capacities can henceforth access data and expertise, such as model-based air quality forecast and data-based mitigation actions, to realize regional joint prevention and control of heavy air pollution. With a demonstration case for the Wuhan city in China using the Nested Grid Air Quality Prediction Modelling System (NAQPMS) developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, we show how our design of digital governance would empower scientific control of heavy city air pollution and help achieving the SDG goal 11.
Monotonic Vegetation Trend Detection Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition in Ningxia, China
Authors: Tang Liang , Yang Haijun
Published: June 2020

China and its local governments have made a variety of efforts in vegetation protection and restoration to ensure sustainability especially in the area threatened by severe desertification, such as Ningxia. Studying the vegetation trend and the underlying driving factors is integral to the assessment of the effect of those efforts. This paper applied Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) in combination with Mann-Kendall (M-K) significance test to detect the monotonic trend of vegetation in Ningxia based on the 16-day MODIS NDVI time series spanning the period from 2006 to 2015. The result showed that the vegetation in Ningxia exhibited an upward trend in general. The area with upward and downward trend accounted for 80.94% and 14.87%, respectively, and the area without significant change accounted for 4.46%. A rapid increase was found in the central part of the Loess Plateau, whereas a non-increase occurred in the urban expansion area. The possible major driving factors for the detected trend include the implementation of the “Grain for Green” program and urbanization.
Evaluating the Crowdedness of Urban Emergency Shelters Based on the Improved Gravity Model
Authors: Su Haoran , Chen Wenkai , Wang Zijing
Published: June 2020

The evaluation of the crowdedness of urban emergency shelters is highly important for the evacuation and advance planning of emergency shelters. Given the urgency of evacuation following a disaster, this study assesses the buildings in a residential area, and attempts to improve the existing gravity model of emergency shelter evaluation through the introduction of population-scale influence factor, emergency shelter service capacity and travel limit distance. The study considers parts of the Chengguan District of Lanzhou City as an example. Based on the attraction of emergency shelters to the residential area, the residents are allocated to each emergency shelter for quantitative analysis of urban emergency shelter crowdedness under different travel limits distances. The results show that the crowdedness differs greatly depending on the distance to the shelter, and becomes worse due to the small number of emergency shelters in the Southwest region. With the increase of the travel limit distance, the number of emergency shelters that can be reached by the residents increases; consequently, the crowdedness decreases, which shows a trend of increasing from northeast to southwest. The improved gravity model considers the travel distance, population size and service capacity of emergency shelter. The model allows us to evaluate the impact of the travel distance on the crowdedness of emergency shelters when the travel distance is short, and assess the service capacity of emergency shelters when the travel distance is long. The use of this model can reasonably and reliably reflect the crowdedness of emergency shelters and provide a scientific basis for the planning and decision-making of relevant government departments.
Intelligently Extracting and Analysing High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images for Demolition and Reclamation Land Assessment in Population Relocation for Poverty Alleviation
Authors: Bai Yaqing , He Guojin , Li Haochuan , Wang Guizhou , Zhou Dengji
Published: June 2020

In recent years, China has witnessed a rapid development in the field of high-resolution satellite data acquisition. These remote sensing images obtained from satellites have been extensively applied in the social and economic sectors. Population relocation for poverty alleviation is a key task during the implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan, involving 1,400 counties in 22 provinces in China. This study focuses on the utilisation of high-resolution remote sensing data and data of the national relocation information system to intelligently analyse changes in demolished and reclaimed lands in the selected area. The area is a county in Shandong Province, and according to the data from the national relocation information system, it constitutes 12 centralised resettlement sites hosting 2,510 families comprising 7,708 people, all classified as poverty-stricken households by the state. This method is suitable for the relocation of the entire village areas rather than the scattered relocation of individual households. It also provides an effective support for the local government to save and intensively use land resources, thereby avoiding waste of land resources and construction funds.
Urbanization monitoring using big Earth Observation data for world heritage sites of China
Authors: Li Qiang-qiang , Li Xiang-xin , Ma Yong-huan , Lu Lin-lin , Wang Xin-yuan , Luo Lei , Cheng Yu-ting , Wu Rui-chan
Published: June 2020

World heritage is a precious treasure left to mankind by history. It is a treasure of all human civilization and has very important historical, artistic and scientific value. Protecting world cultural heritage is a prerequisite for protecting the inheritance of human culture, safeguarding the diversity and creativity of the world’s culture, and promoting the development of mankind. However, the rapid urbanization process globally has changed the land cover/land use, transportation and environmental conditions in cities, and has caused some impacts and damages to the world heritage sites. Based on three global Earth Observation datasets including Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL), global population grid products (Worldpop) and the global night-time light images (DMSP/OLS), this paper proposed an urbanization intensity index (UII) to dynamically monitor and quantitatively assess the intensity of urbanization around the world heritage sites. Large UII values represent high urbanization degrees in the study area, and vice versa. The rapid increase of UII indicated that great impacts might be caused by the urban development process on corresponding heritage sites. The assessment results showed that the mean value of UII at 10 world cultural heritage sites in China’s urban areas increased from 0.35 in 2000 to 0.42 in 2015. The urbanization intensity index of the world cultural heritage sites can provide valuable datasets and scientific basis for the protection and development of world cultural heritage sites.
Analysis and Thinking of Urban Transportation Planning against the Backdrop of Multi-planning Integration
Authors: Yin Yixiao , Guo Zhong , Tang Yuanwu
Published: June 2020

In recent years, China has shifted from high-speed growth to high-quality development. At the same time, its urban transportation system is also moving from rapid expansion to intensive and efficient development. Though urban transportation system has entered the stage of relative maturity and stability, some problems are impacting heavily on plan implementation, e.g., poorly-developed planning system, overlapped planning management, theory & practice decoupling and lack of some evaluation steps. In the new situation of multi-planning integration, we propose integrating urban transportation planning into the spatial planning system by focusing on transforming and upgrading transportation planning management, and by streamlining the planning relations, unifying planning system, coordinating planning management, regulating planning compilation and improving implementation mechanism, so that urban transportation planning plays the greater role of strategic orientation in multi-planning system.
Study on the Distribution Law and Speed Limit of Night Speed in Expressway Maintenance Area
Authors: Huang Yong , Fang Daqing , Tan Fuliang , Tao Minglu , Si Daoguang , Shu Yang
Published: June 2020

In order to reasonably determine the maximum and minimum vehicle speed limit values at night and ensure the driving safety in the maintenance area of expressway, the distribution law of vehicle speed at night in the maintenance area of expressway is studied. Based on the investigation of one-way lane closure construction in the four-lane maintenance area of expressway, the location speed of the main traffic control area in the night maintenance area is analyzed, and the average speed, 85% vehicle speed, the speed difference in different areas and the speed difference in heavy-duty vehicle(HDV) and light-duty vehicle(LDV) workshops are determined. The results show that the standard deviation of vehicle speed distribution from warning area to transition zone to construction area is obviously reduced, and the speed difference between HDV and LDV is also obviously reduced. Finally, according to the distribution characteristics of night speed, the night speed limit model of maintenance operation area is given, the speed limit values of different models are calculated respectively, and the night perceived speed model is used to modify the speed limit value.
Reliability analysis of highway network in China based on complex network theory
Authors: Jia Hui-di , Li Qian , Zhou Guang-Jing , Zuo Ran
Published: June 2020

In this paper, complex network theory is introduced to analyze the Chinese highway network. 72 cities were extracted from highway information in China and topological network was established based on L space. Then degree distribution, betweenness, clustering coefficient and other network characteristics of Chinese highway network were analyzed. Through computer simulation, the reliability of the Chinese highway network was carried out. The results show that the highway network in China is relatively complete, the connection between cities is convenient.
What is the impact of additional runway to obstacle limitation surface area?
Authors: Sandhyavitri Ari , Insani Harahap Fatimah
Published: June 2020

It is obvious that the additional runways (one or two more runways) from the existing runway at a specific airport may increase the overall obstacle limitation surface areas within the airport. In fact, based on a case study at Kualanamu International Airport, Indonesia, it was revealed that an increase the number of the runway from 1 runway to become 2 runways were not necessary to increase the overall obstacle limitation surface areas. It was identified that the vertical height of the existing obstacle limitation surface decreased at the range of 1.961% to 8.163%, however, the horizontal one increased at 8,57 %.
Vulnerability analysis of landslide at Sibolangit using Geographic Information System (GIS) based on population density and slope gradient
Authors: Puji Hastuty Ika , Ahmad Fauziah , Roesyanto  , Ridwan Anas M , Hidayati Yossi R
Published: June 2020

Sibolangit is one of districts in Deli Serdang that has wavy and hilly relief and has high gradient of slope. This condition causes Sibolangit is vulnerable towards natural landslide. One of the causes of landslide is population density and slope gradient / Based on BPS data in 2018, the population growth/year from 2016 to 2016 is 2.42% and in 2015 to 2016 is 2.37%. It shows that the growth in Sibolanngit increases where the population densitiy affects the changes of land use. People living on a land with high gradient is most likely to be one of the causes of slide. This research is to determine the vulnaribility level in Sibolangit based on population density and gradient. The analysis is done using Geographic System Information. Parameter used is gradient, population density, working factor, number of children, number of the elderly, and number of women to map the vulnaribility. Risk Map with citizenship as parameter has three classes such as low, high and very high.
Measuring regional cohesion effects of new toll roads investments: an accessibility approach
Authors: Anas Ridwan , Puji Hastuty Ika , Sembiring Irwan S. , Sukmono Yosi
Published: June 2020

Accessibility is a concept that combines a geographic or location and transport system, considered as an interaction between locations, which represents an implementation of transport development. Therefore, an accessibility index may be used as a proxy to assess regional cohesiveness. This paper evaluates the accessibility impact of new toll roads investment by location indicator measurement. Comparing the results between the regions that connected to the toll road, differences in accessibility value for each region indicate the regional cohesion effects derived from the new toll road investment.
Evaluation of toll rates based on ATP / WTP and BKBOK case studies: Medan-Binjai and Medan-Tebing Tinggi toll roads
Authors: Anas Ridwan , Sembiring Irwan S , Puji Hastuty Ika
Published: June 2020

The government is obliged to provide road infrastructure inadequate supply of infrastructure, either to accelerate the regional economy. Due to the limited budget in efforts to fulfil road infrastructure, so the government carries out various policies to attract the private sector to invest in the road sector, especially toll roads. One of the parameters of toll road investment is related to the initial of toll rate to be applied, where toll rates are determined by saving in vehicle operating costs and value of time and considering the Ability to Pay and Willingness to Pay (ATP / WTP).This study aims to evaluate toll rates are set for the Medan-Binjai and Medan-Tebing Tinggi sections with BKBOK and ATP/WTP analysis, as a reference in the basic operation of the toll road.
Review of consolidation test on peat soil of Batubara Regency Sumatera Utara Province
Authors: Roesyanto  , Ramayanti A
Published: June 2020

Organic soil is soil that has organic content which influences soil characteristic. Peat soil has high water content, high void ratio, low bearing capacity, and high compression so that settlement on peat soil is very large. It makes peat soil categorized as bad soil for construction. The purposes of this research were to know the index properties of peat soil, to determine the classification of peat soil, and to analysed the compression index (Cc
) and coefficient of consolidation (Cv
) by consolidation test with gradually loading from 0.5 kg, 1 kg, 2 kg, 4 kg, and 8 kg and immediately loading of 1 kg and 4 kg for 7 days. Peat soil Paya Pinang Plantation had 732.0 % water content (w), specific gravity (Gs
) of 1.533, void ratio (e) of 8.235, moist unit weight (γb
) of 1.008 gr/cm3, dry unit weight (γd
) of 0.166 gr/cm3. Based on ASTM D4427-92 (2002) peat soil sample had 22.424 % ash content, which classified as high ash peat and as slightly acidic peat with a pH greater than 5.5 and less than 7. The compression index (Cc
) was 0.693 and coefficient of consolidation (Cv
) was 0.275cm2/sec.
Classification and consolidation test on peat soil of Asahan Regency Sumatera Utara Province
Authors: Roesyanto  , Shakila F
Published: June 2020

Defined as land with water-saturated soil, formed from deposits that originate from the accumulation of decaying past plant. Peat soil has poor physical properties for construction purposes, the soil has low shear strength and has a high shrinkage because of a lack of mineral content in it. The research purposes were to find out the index properties and the classification of peat soil and to analyze the compression index (Cc) and the coefficient of consolidation (Cv) of peat soil. The research was carried out by gradual consolidation and immediately consolidation. In gradual consolidation the load was given in step by step of 0.5 Kg, 1 Kg, 2 Kg, 4 Kg, 8 Kg, and immediately consolidation using a load of 1 Kg and 4 Kg for 7 days. Peat soil of Pertahanan Village had high water content (w) of 726.34 %, specific gravity (Gs) of 1.302, moist unit weight (γb) of 0.764 gr/cm3, dry unit weight (γd) of 0.144 gr/cm3, void ratio (e) of 8.06. Based on ASTM D442-84 (1989), the peat soil had 45.032 % ash peat and 54.968 % organic content, and it was classified as High Ash Peat. The acidity of peat soil was 4 and it was classified as Highly Acidic Peat with a pH less than 4.5. Index compression (Cc) of the peat soil was 0.659 and the coefficient of consolidation (Cv) was 0.317 cm2/seconds.
A study of calcium hydroxide as a stabilizing agent in clay soil toward California bearing ratio and unconfined compression value
Authors: Roesyanto  , Iskandar Rudi , Puji Hastuty Ika , Arrasyid R.
Published: June 2020

Soil is one of the most important materials in construction. Soil stabilization is an attempt to increase condition of soil that have poor engineering properties. Soil stabilization is also a mixture of soil with certain stabilizing agents to increase the engineering properties of the soil to attain technical requirements. This research used calcium hydroxide as a stabilizing material. The study purposes were to improve the engineering properties of clay due to the addition of 3% - 30% calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2. The clay soil was classified as A-7-6 (9) based on the AASHTO classification system and was classified as CL (Clay – Low Plasticity) based on USCS. The unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR)of original soil was 6.29%. Meanwhile, the Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) of original soil was 1.42 kg/cm2. The study showed that the addition of calcium hydroxide increased the engineering properties of clay soil. The unsoaked CBR reached the maximum value of 11.46% at a variation of 12% calcium carbonate. The UCT also gained the maximum value of 3.12kg/cm2 at a variation of 12% calcium hydroxide.
Reading the meaning of shophouses facade in Dr Mansur street corridor at Medan City
Authors: Lindarto D , Eddy F , Harisdani DD
Published: June 2020

The creation of shop house facade design appears as an effort to describe the function of space utilization. Shophouses facade is architecturally the only field that allows design creation in architectural art. This facade provides also provides an opportunity to communicate the meaning, content and function of shophouses through signs. This research aims to read the signs on the shophouses facade on the Dr. Mansur corridor and revealed the effectiveness of using these signs as a means of commercial advertising. With the method of Robert Venturi’s version of semiotic interpretation and validation with the Charles Saunders Peirce version of the triadic concept of sign interpretation model, the interpretation results that there are four styles of shophouses with indexical, symbolic, iconic and exhibitionist characteristics. The results of the study show that the dominant commercial appeal is achieved with exhibitionist character and event / celebration as commercial meanings. This research is useful to give a deep meaning to the phenomenon of changes that occur in FASAD buildings that affect the creation of the face characters of cities that form urban vernacular architecture.
Optimization of garbage transport routes in West Medan using Clarke & Weigh saving and Floyd Warshall algorithm
Authors: Syahputri K , Sari RM , Rizkya I , Leviza J , Tambunan M M , Hidayati N
Published: June 2020

Problems of Medan City is the city with the third highest population density in Indonesia. This results in a large quantity of waste generation in the Medan city that must be managed. Limitations of waste transport equipment resulting in the accumulation of waste in various polling stations in the city of Medan so that it needs to be carried out distribution route optimization. Optimization is done by Clarke & Weight Saving and Floyd Warshall Algorithm. Saving matrix method is one method used to schedule the quantity of vehicles taking into account the maximum quantity of vehicles. The Floyd–Warshall algorithm is a simple and widely used algorithm to compute shortest paths between all pairs of vertices in an edge weighted directed graph. It can also be used to detect the presence of negative cycles. Routes generated using the Saving Matrix method successfully save of travel distance of 33.65 km, and using Floyd Warshall successfully save the travel distance of 25.89 km.
Clustering the vulnerability of traffic accidents in Medan city with fuzzy c-means algorithm
Authors: Syahputri K , Sari R M , Rizkya I , Tarigan U , Siregar I , Farhan T A
Published: June 2020

A traffic accident is one of the global problems that needs serious handling. Traffic accidents happens in various places at different times, this thing causes the difficulty to determine which area has traffic accidents-prone. Information about traffic accidents-prone areas is very needed for the people and regulators. That information can be a consideration for supervision or anticipation, especially for the police. Medan is the capital city of Sumatera Utara province, Indonesia. Medan is the third-largest city di Indonesia after Jakarta and Surabaya also the largest outside Java Island. Medan is one of the cities in Indonesia that has traffic accidents problems. 25,08% of all the traffic accidents in Sumatera Utara province in 2016 happened in Medan. 2018’s traffic accidents data acquired from the traffic unit in Medan Police Office shows a total of 947 traffic accidents that causes 148 died, 456 peoples heavily injured, and 616 people lightly injured. Then, this data is grouped based on the road they happened on and then the grouped data is clustered with the Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm based on the severity of the accidents, resulting in 5 roads being very vulnerable, 14 roads being quite vulnerable, and 224 roads being safe.
Study of anaerobic biofilter tofu wastewater treatment with bioball media and phytoremediation by kiambang (salviniamolesta)
Authors: Herlina Netti , Khairani Annisa , shiddiq Safrina
Published: June 2020

Small and medium industries such as tofu industry are characterized as industries with high levels of pollution because it lacks or does not have a wastewater handling system. Tofu wastewater contains high level of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS). If referring to the standard quality of wastewater, tofu wastewater requires treatment before being discharged into water bodies. This research aims to find out the effect of residence time and plant mass variation on the efficiency of reducing COD and TSS in tofu wastewater. This research were used anaerobic reactors with bioball media and phytoremediation reactors using kiambang (salviniamolesta) with plant mass variations of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 grams. The research begins with the process of seeding to breed microorganisms derived from tofu wastewater then proceed with running on the anaerobic reactor until the reduction in COD reaches 60% -70%. On the 6th day of running, the reduction in COD has reached 66.66% so that it can be continued flowing tofu wastewater to the phytoremediation reactor. The process of running on phytoremediation is done with variations in plant mass and residence time of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days. The results showed that the variation of residence time affected the level of COD and TSS reduction. In phytoremediation reactors, the best plant mass in reducing COD levels is 250 grams with removal efficiency at D-7 reaching 59.61% while the best plant mass in reducing TSS levels is 50 grams with removal efficiency at D-7 reaching 89.41 %.
Comparison of solar water heater performance with u curved pipes and straight pipes design using CFD
Authors: Perangin-angin Siwan E. , Ambarita Himsar
Published: June 2020

Solar energy has a very important role from time to time. In this era, the development of technology that uses the sun as a primary source is growing rapidly. One application of solar energy in solar water heaters. Solar Water Heater is a device that uses energy from the sun’s heat to heat the fluid air flowing in the Pipe so that the temperature of the fluid that comes out of the Pipe is higher. Pipes are one of the most important parts of solar water heaters. Pipes as a medium for fluid flow and heat transfer from the collector domain to air fluid. Pipe design is an important factor in the design of solar collectors. In this research, we will discuss the performance of 2 types of pipes. The first straight pipe type and the second pipe type U Curved Pipes. With CFD simulation methods and variations in fluid flow velocity, the results of changes in fluid temperature of the fluid coming out differ from the 2 types of pipes. The increase in temperature seen in liquid air in the pipe faces 0.9425% compared to straight pipes.
The analysis of occurring process to the deformation and the bending plats from the right hand of the hull plates of LCT Malela Raja III ship for economical management
Authors: Tuny SM
Published: June 2020

The introduction of the research, this is a ship carrying liquid cargoes for the trayek Namlea and arround Buru Island. Gross tonnage (GT) are 86 tonnes and the weight displacement area 173,522 tonnes. The Engine of Mitsubishi merk, type 6D15 with Engine Power 2x90 HP and the Engine Rotation are 2x1500 RPM (4 stroke of the engine), with reduction ratio 1;4. The trayek around Buru Island (In Moluccas) in the rain condition the climate condition is necessary to change ie in the rain season, the sea condition causes waves and pressures the hull plate with wave flow. In addition with the spreading vibration from the Main Engine of this ship wil occur the curvature and the deformation. The purpose of this research; 1. To know how many thick of the strength right hull plates. 2.To know the influence of the vibration spread of the main engine and the ship Hull plate that to analyses the frequencies of the main engine vibratory and the ship Hull vibration. The result that we can find in this research with natural frequency analysis is N2nv
= 453,48 cpm, while N3nv
= 919,62 cpm dan N4nv
= 1390,66 cpm, the ship operate 75% from 2 engine is 2250 cpm, while the ship operates with a machine speed of 75% for 2 pieces of machinery = 2250 cpm and 60% = 1284.84.
Pro-environmental behavior for small medium enterprise: a review
Authors: Elba Ridha Arrazy , Matondang Nazaruddin , Haikal Sitepu Muhammad
Published: June 2020

The problem that is often faced by environment of Small and Medium Enterprises is the lack of, and also the growth of small and medium enterprises that are increasing every year makes handling waste uncontrollable, the impartiality of small and medium enterprises in the environment causes waste pollution and energy use out of control. Some literature, it is explained that the application of pro-environment behavior can help to reduce the impact of environmental pollution, and also maintain environmental sustainability. The application of pro-environment behavior becomes an alternative in maintaining environmental sustainability or call often called Sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to review journals or the results of research on applied environmental behavior within the scope of small and medium enterprises, so that they can find out the results of pro-environment implementation that applied to various literature and research. The application of pro-environment behavior is strongly recommended so that it becomes a reference program for the community and also becomes a reference material for making regulations for BLH (environmental agency) to improve environmental preservation, especially in Indonesia, especially in the city of Medan, North Sumatra Province and also as a problem solving for growth uncontrolled waste.
Planting media with material composition variation of Sinabung sand using mechanic press toll
Authors: Haryanto Bode , Arifin Muhammad , Bukit Rina , Tarigan Ahmad Perwira M , Suranta Surbakti Eddy
Published: June 2020

The inspiration of this investigation was to descript the output analysis of product plantation media from sand material from mount Sinabung eruption. The Sinabung volcanic sand with chicken manure and natural soil were mixed and used as materials to produce planting media. The experiment started from collecting the materials with pre-treatment then added by certain variation material prepared to make shape by mechanic pressure tool to construct the matrix media with cylindrical shape.The surface characteristic and hardness of the planting media products were analyzed to get the best variation of materials. The increasing percentage of Sinabung sand will decrease the strength of mixed materials plantation media from 61,9 N to 40,9 N and to 32,6 N for 20%,40% and 60% Sinabung volcanic sand. The product planting media can be used in the area that needed reforesting such as: around the mount Sinabung, toba lake, ect.
Alternative study of reducing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from the transportation sector in Medan city
Authors: Suryati I , Manik BDL , Syavira F , Karina GN , Herlina N , Hasibuan NH , Siregar RL
Published: June 2020

Increase of amount greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities in the form of an increase the number of vehicles indirectly impacting climate change. The purpose of this study is to calculate GHG emissions, namely carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from the transportation sector and determine the scenario of reducing CO2 emissions from the sector transportation in Medan City. The method of calculating GHG emissions in this study uses TIER II from IPCC. The study was conducted in 12 locations of sampling points with a traffic counting time of 12 hours per each point with variations in the time of workdays and weekdays. The results showed that CO2 emissions generated at the twelve sampling locations amounted to 484.41 - 561.16 tons CO2 / year. The scenario of reducing CO2 emissions in this study is the application of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), parking management systems and fuel substitution. Comparison of the average of the three scenarios in reducing CO2 namely; the application of BRT ± 24.28% with the number of BRT units needed per road segment ranging from 11 - 57 units; fuel substitution of ± 9.16% and parking management system ± 12.08%.
Analysis of noise level and dust concentration in the disintegration work station
Authors: Buchari  , Fadhilah Nahdah , Hidayati Juliza , Anizar  , Sari Rahmi M
Published: June 2020

The disintegration work station of UKM that operates in the field of processing coconut fiber into coco fiber press, coco peat, orchid growing media, and noisy and dusty foot mats. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of noise and dust concentration at the disintegration work station of coconut coir SMEs and provide recommendations for improvement. Research on noise levels was carried out using environmental meters four in one. Research on dust concentration was carried out using a highvolume air sampler. The research method used in the measurement of dust concentration using the gravimetric method. The noise level at the disintegration work station is 109.6 dB at measurement point 1; 107.1 dB at measurement point 2; and 108.5 dB at measurement point 3 has exceeded the noise limit set by the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia Number PER.13/MEN/X/2011 for 8 working hours, which is 85 dB. Noise mapping using surfer 15 software shows that the noise level of the disintegration work station exceeds the threshold value of 3 measurement points. The actual noise exposure time of the worker exceeds the standard exposure time. The actual daily noise dose value exceeds the standard daily noise dose. The level of dust concentration at the disintegration work station is included in the hazardous category based on the Decree of the Head of the Environmental Impact Management Agency No. 107 of 1997.