bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The LIM-homeobox transcription factor Isl1 plays crucial roles in the development of multiple arcuate nucleus neurons
Authors: Lee Bora , Lee Seunghee , Lee Soo-Kyung , Lee Jae W.
Published: August 2016

Neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus relay and translate important cues from the periphery into the central nervous system. However, the gene regulatory program directing their development remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Isl1 is expressed in several subpopulations of developing arcuate neurons and plays crucial roles in their fate specification. Mice with conditional deletion of the Isl1 gene in developing hypothalamus display severe deficits in both feeding and linear growth. Consistent with these results, their arcuate nucleus fails to express key fate markers of Isl1-expressing neurons that regulate feeding and growth. These include the orexigenic neuropeptides AgRP and NPY for specifying AgRP-neurons, the anorexigenic neuropeptide αMSH for POMC-neurons, and two growth-stimulatory peptides, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) for GHRH-neurons and somatostatin (Sst) for Sst-neurons. Finally, we show that Isl1 directly enhances the expression of AgRP by cooperating with the key orexigenic transcription factors glucocorticoid receptor and brain-specific homeobox factor. Our results identify Isl1 as a crucial transcription factor that plays essential roles in the gene regulatory program directing development of multiple arcuate neuronal subpopulations.
Lung epithelial tip progenitors integrate glucocorticoid- and STAT3-mediated signals to control progeny fate
Authors: Laresgoiti Usua , Nikolić Marko Z. , Rao Chandrika , Brady Jane L. , Richardson Rachel V. , Batchen Emma J. , Chapman Karen E. , Rawlins Emma L.
Published: August 2016

Insufficient alveolar gas exchange capacity is a major contributor to lung disease. During lung development, a population of distal epithelial progenitors first produce bronchiolar-fated and subsequently alveolar-fated progeny. The mechanisms controlling this bronchiolar-to-alveolar developmental transition remain largely unknown. We developed a novel grafting assay to test if lung epithelial progenitors are intrinsically programmed or if alveolar cell identity is determined by environmental factors. These experiments revealed that embryonic lung epithelial identity is extrinsically determined. We show that both glucocorticoid and STAT3 signalling can control the timing of alveolar initiation, but that neither pathway is absolutely required for alveolar fate specification; rather, glucocorticoid receptor and STAT3 work in parallel to promote alveolar differentiation. Thus, developmental acquisition of lung alveolar fate is a robust process controlled by at least two independent extrinsic signalling inputs. Further elucidation of these pathways might provide therapeutic opportunities for restoring alveolar capacity.
Identification, visualization and clonal analysis of intestinal stem cells in fish
Authors: Aghaallaei Narges , Gruhl Franziska , Schaefer Colin Q. , Wernet Tobias , Weinhardt Venera , Centanin Lázaro , Loosli Felix , Baumbach Tilo , Wittbrodt Joachim
Published: August 2016

Recently, a stochastic model of symmetrical stem cell division followed by neutral drift has been proposed for intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which has been suggested to represent the predominant mode of stem cell progression in mammals. In contrast, stem cells in the retina of teleost fish show an asymmetric division mode. To address whether the mode of stem cell division follows phylogenetic or ontogenetic routes, we analysed the entire gastrointestinal tract of the teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes). X-ray microcomputed tomography shows a correlation of 3D topography with the functional domains. Analysis of ISCs in proliferation assays and via genetically encoded lineage tracing highlights a stem cell niche in the furrow between the long intestinal folds that is functionally equivalent to mammalian intestinal crypts. Stem cells in this compartment are characterized by the expression of homologs of mammalian ISC markers – sox9, axin2 and lgr5 – emphasizing the evolutionary conservation of the Wnt pathway components in the stem cell niche of the intestine. The stochastic, sparse initial labelling of ISCs ultimately resulted in extended labelled or unlabelled domains originating from single stem cells in the furrow niche, contributing to both homeostasis and growth. Thus, different modes of stem cell division co-evolved within one organism, and in the absence of physical isolation in crypts, ISCs contribute to homeostatic growth.
The human PRD-like homeobox gene LEUTX has a central role in embryo genome activation
Authors: Jouhilahti Eeva-Mari , Madissoon Elo , Vesterlund Liselotte , Töhönen Virpi , Krjutškov Kaarel , Plaza Reyes Alvaro , Petropoulos Sophie , Månsson Robert , Linnarsson Sten , Bürglin Thomas , Lanner Fredrik , Hovatta Outi , Katayama Shintaro , Kere Juha
Published: August 2016

Leucine twenty homeobox (LEUTX) is a paired (PRD)-like homeobox gene that is expressed almost exclusively in human embryos during preimplantation development. We previously identified a novel transcription start site for the predicted human LEUTX gene based on the transcriptional analysis of human preimplantation embryos. The novel variant encodes a protein with a complete homeodomain. Here, we provide a detailed description of the molecular cloning of the complete homeodomain-containing LEUTX. Using a human embryonic stem cell overexpression model we show that the complete homeodomain isoform is functional and sufficient to activate the transcription of a large proportion of the genes that are upregulated in human embryo genome activation (EGA), whereas the previously predicted partial homeodomain isoform is largely inactive. Another PRD-like transcription factor, DPRX, is then upregulated as a powerful repressor of transcription. We propose a two-stage model of human EGA in which LEUTX acts as a transcriptional activator at the 4-cell stage, and DPRX as a balancing repressor at the 8-cell stage. We conclude that LEUTX is a candidate regulator of human EGA.
Genetic basis for the evolution of organ morphogenesis: the case of spalt and cut in the development of insect trachea
Authors: de Miguel Cristina , Linsler Friedemann , Casanova Jordi , Franch-Marro Xavier
Published: August 2016

It is not clear how simple genetic changes can account for the coordinated variations that give rise to modified functional organs. Here, we addressed this issue by analysing the expression and function of regulatory genes in the developing tracheal systems of two insect species. The larval tracheal system of Drosophila can be distinguished from the less derived tracheal system of the beetle Tribolium by two main features. First, Tribolium has lateral spiracles connecting the trachea to the exterior in each segment, while Drosophila has only one pair of posterior spiracles. Second, Drosophila, but not Tribolium, has two prominent longitudinal branches that distribute air from the posterior spiracles. Both innovations, while considered different structures, are functionally dependent on each other and linked to habitat occupancy. We show that changes in the domains of spalt and cut expression in the embryo are associated with the acquisition of each structure. Moreover, we show that these two genetic modifications are connected both functionally and genetically, thus providing an evolutionary scenario by which a genetic event contributes to the joint evolution of functionally inter-related structures.
The histone methyltransferase Setd7 promotes pancreatic progenitor identity
Authors: Kofent Julia , Zhang Juan , Spagnoli Francesca M.
Published: August 2016

Cell fate specification depends on transcriptional activation driven by lineage-specific transcription factors as well as changes in chromatin organization. To date, the interplay between transcription factors and chromatin modifiers during development is not well understood. We focus here on the initiation of the pancreatic program from multipotent endodermal progenitors. Transcription factors that play key roles in regulating pancreatic progenitor state have been identified, but the chromatin regulators that help to establish and maintain pancreatic fate are less well known. Using a comparative approach, we identify a crucial role for the histone methyltransferase Setd7 in establishing pancreatic cell identity. We show that Setd7 is expressed in the prospective pancreatic endoderm of Xenopus and mouse embryos prior to Pdx1 induction. Importantly, we demonstrate that setd7 is sufficient and required for pancreatic cell fate specification in Xenopus. Functional and biochemical approaches in Xenopus and mouse endoderm support that Setd7 modulates methylation marks at pancreatic regulatory regions, possibly through interaction with the transcription factor Foxa2. Together, these results demonstrate that Setd7 acts as a central component of the transcription complex initiating the pancreatic program.
Lateral root emergence in Arabidopsis is dependent on transcription factor LBD29 regulating auxin influx carrier LAX3
Authors: Porco Silvana , Larrieu Antoine , Du Yujuan , Gaudinier Allison , Goh Tatsuaki , Swarup Kamal , Swarup Ranjan , Kuempers Britta , Bishopp Anthony , Lavenus Julien , Casimiro Ilda , Hill Kristine , Benkova Eva , Fukaki Hidehiro , Brady Siobhan M. , Scheres Ben , Péret Benjamin , Bennett Malcolm J.
Published: August 2016

Lateral root primordia (LRP) originate from pericycle stem cells located deep within parental root tissues. LRP emerge through overlying root tissues by inducing auxin-dependent cell separation and hydraulic changes in adjacent cells. The auxin inducible auxin influx carrier LAX3 plays a key role concentrating this signal in cells overlying LRP. Delimiting LAX3 expression to two adjacent cell files overlying new LRP is critical to ensure auxin-regulated cell separation occurs solely along their shared walls. Multiscale modeling has predicted this highly focused pattern of expression requires auxin to sequentially induce auxin efflux and influx carriers PIN3 and LAX3, respectively. Consistent with model predictions, we report that LAX3 auxin inducible expression is regulated indirectly by the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR ARF7. Yeast-1-hybrid screens revealed the LAX3 promoter is bound by the transcription factor LBD29, which is a direct target for regulation by ARF7. Disrupting auxin inducible LBD29 expression or expressing an LBD29-SRDX transcriptional repressor phenocopied the lax3 mutant, resulting in delayed lateral root emergence. We conclude that sequential LBD29 and LAX3 induction by auxin is required to coordinate cell separation and organ emergence.
Vegfa signals through ERK to promote angiogenesis, but not artery differentiation
Authors: Shin Masahiro , Beane Timothy J. , Quillien Aurelie , Male Ira , Zhu Lihua J. , Lawson Nathan D.
Published: August 2016

Vascular endothelial growth factor a (Vegfa) is essential for blood vessel formation and can induce activation of numerous signaling effectors in endothelial cells. However, it is unclear how and where these function in developmental contexts during vascular morphogenesis. To address this issue, we have visualized activation of presumptive Vegfa effectors at single-cell resolution in zebrafish blood vessels. From these studies, we find that phosphorylation of the serine/threonine kinase ERK (pERK) preferentially occurs in endothelial cells undergoing angiogenesis, but not in committed arterial endothelial cells. pERK in endothelial cells was ectopically induced by Vegfa and lost in Vegfa signaling mutants. Both chemical and endothelial autonomous inhibition of ERK prevented endothelial sprouting, but did not prevent initial artery differentiation. Timed chemical inhibition during angiogenesis caused a loss of genes implicated in coordinating tip/stalk cell behaviors, including flt4 and, at later stages, dll4. ERK inhibition also blocked excessive angiogenesis and ectopic flt4 expression in Notch-deficient blood vessels. Together, these studies implicate ERK as a specific effector of Vegfa signaling in the induction of angiogenic genes during sprouting.
Regulation of self-renewing neural progenitors by FGF/ERK signaling controls formation of the inferior colliculus
Authors: Dee Alexander , Li Kairong , Heng Xin , Guo Qiuxia , Li James Y. H.
Published: August 2016

The embryonic tectum displays an anteroposterior gradient in development and produces the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus. Studies suggest that partition of the tectum is controlled by different strengths and durations of FGF signals originated from the so-called isthmic organizer at the mid/hindbrain junction; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We show that deleting Ptpn11, which links FGF with the ERK pathway, prevents inferior colliculus formation by depleting a previously uncharacterized stem cell zone. The stem-zone loss is attributed to shortening of S phase and acceleration of cell cycle exit and neurogenesis. Expression of a constitutively active Mek1 (Mek1DD), the known ERK activator, restores the tectal stem zone and the inferior colliculus without Ptpn11. By contrast, Mek1DD expression fails to rescue the tectal stem zone and the inferior colliculus in the absence of Fgf8 and the isthmic organizer, indicating that FGF and Mek1DD initiate qualitatively and/or quantitatively distinctive signaling. Together, our data show that the formation of the inferior colliculus relies on the provision of new cells from the tectal stem zone. Furthermore, distinctive ERK signaling mediates Fgf8 in the control of cell survival, tissue polarity and cytogenetic gradient during the development of the tectum.
Jasmonate regulates juvenile-adult phase transition in rice
Authors: Hibara Ken-ichiro , Isono Miyako , Mimura Manaki , Sentoku Naoki , Kojima Mikiko , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kitomi Yuka , Yoshikawa Takanori , Itoh Jun-ichi , Nagato Yasuo
Published: August 2016

Juvenile-adult phase transition is an important shift for the acquisition of adult vegetative character and subsequent reproductive competence. We identified a recessive precocious (pre) mutant exhibiting long leaf phenotype in rice. The long leaf phenotype is conspicuous in 2nd through 4th leaves that are juvenile and juvenile-adult transition leaves. We found that the morphological and physiological traits such as the midrib formation, shoot meristem size, photosynthetic rate and plastochron in juvenile and juvenile-adult transition stages of pre have precociously acquired adult characters. In agreement with these results, expression patterns of miR156 and miR172, which are microRNAs regulating phase change, support the accelerated juvenile-adult phase change in pre. The PRE gene encodes an allene oxide synthase (OsAOS1), which is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA). pre mutant showed a low level of JA and enhanced sensitivity to gibberellic acid promoting the phase change in some plant species. We also show that prolonged plastochron in pre is caused by the accelerated PLASTOCHRON1 (PLA1) function. The present study reveals a substantial role of JA as a negative regulator of vegetative phase change.
The evolutionarily conserved transcription factor Sp1 controls appendage growth through Notch signaling
Authors: Córdoba Sergio , Requena David , Jory Aurelie , Saiz Almudena , Estella Carlos
Published: August 2016

The appendages of arthropods and vertebrates are not homologous structures, although the underlying genetic mechanisms that pattern them are highly conserved. Members of the Sp family of transcription factors are expressed in the developing limbs and their function is required for limb growth in both insects and chordates. Despite the fundamental and conserved role that these transcription factors play during appendage development, their target genes and the mechanisms by which they participate in control limb growth are mostly unknown. We analyzed here the individual contributions of two Drosophila Sp members, buttonhead (btd) and Sp1, during leg development. We show that Sp1 plays a more prominent role controlling leg growth than does btd. We identified a regulatory function of Sp1 in Notch signaling, and performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis to identify other potential Sp1 target genes contributing to leg growth. Our data suggest a mechanism by which the Sp factors control appendage growth through the Notch signaling.
sequoia controls the type I>0 daughter proliferation switch in the developing Drosophila nervous system
Authors: Gunnar Erika , Bivik Caroline , Starkenberg Annika , Thor Stefan
Published: August 2016

Neural progenitors typically divide asymmetrically to renew themselves, while producing daughters with more limited potential. In the Drosophila embryonic ventral nerve cord, neuroblasts initially produce daughters that divide once to generate two neurons/glia (type I proliferation mode). Subsequently, many neuroblasts switch to generating daughters that differentiate directly (type 0). This programmed type I>0 switch is controlled by Notch signaling, triggered at a distinct point of lineage progression in each neuroblast. However, how Notch signaling onset is gated was unclear. We recently identified Sequoia (Seq), a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor with homology to Drosophila Tramtrack (Ttk) and the positive regulatory domain (PRDM) family, as important for lineage progression. Here, we find that seq mutants fail to execute the type I>0 daughter proliferation switch and also display increased neuroblast proliferation. Genetic interaction studies reveal that seq interacts with the Notch pathway, and seq furthermore affects expression of a Notch pathway reporter. These findings suggest that seq may act as a context-dependent regulator of Notch signaling, and underscore the growing connection between Seq, Ttk, the PRDM family and Notch signaling.
Endo-lysosomal TRP mucolipin-1 channels trigger global ER Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx
Authors: Kilpatrick Bethan S. , Yates Elizabeth , Grimm Christian , Schapira Anthony H. , Patel Sandip
Published: August 2016

Transient receptor potential (TRP) mucolipins (TRPMLs), encoded by the MCOLN genes, are patho-physiologically relevant endo-lysosomal ion channels crucial for membrane trafficking. Several lines of evidence suggest that TRPMLs mediate localised Ca2+ release but their role in Ca2+ signalling is not clear. Here, we show that activation of endogenous and recombinant TRPMLs with synthetic agonists evoked global Ca2+ signals in human cells. These signals were blocked by a dominant-negative TRPML1 construct and a TRPML antagonist. We further show that, despite a predominant lysosomal localisation, TRPML1 supports both Ca2+ release and Ca2+ entry. Ca2+ release required lysosomal and ER Ca2+ stores suggesting that TRPMLs, like other endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels, are capable of ‘chatter’ with ER Ca2+ channels. Our data identify new modalities for TRPML1 action.
Drosophila sensory cilia lacking MKS proteins exhibit striking defects in development but only subtle defects in adults
Authors: Pratt Metta B. , Titlow Joshua S. , Davis Ilan , Barker Amy R. , Dawe Helen R. , Raff Jordan W. , Roque Helio
Published: August 2016

Cilia are conserved organelles that have important motility, sensory and signalling roles. The transition zone (TZ) at the base of the cilium is crucial for cilia function, and defects in several TZ proteins are associated with human congenital ciliopathies such as nephronophthisis (NPHP) and Meckel–Gruber syndrome (MKS). In several species, MKS and NPHP proteins form separate complexes that cooperate with Cep290 to assemble the TZ, but flies seem to lack core components of the NPHP module. We show that MKS proteins in flies are spatially separated from Cep290 at the TZ, and that flies mutant for individual MKS genes fail to recruit other MKS proteins to the TZ, whereas Cep290 seems to be recruited normally. Although there are abnormalities in microtubule and membrane organisation in developing MKS mutant cilia, these defects are less apparent in adults, where sensory cilia and sperm flagella seem to function quite normally. Thus, localising MKS proteins to the cilium or flagellum is not essential for viability or fertility in flies.
Prevention of muscle wasting and osteoporosis: the value of examining novel animal models
Authors: Reilly Beau D. , Franklin Craig E.
Published: August 2016

Bone mass and skeletal muscle mass are controlled by factors such as genetics, diet and nutrition, growth factors and mechanical stimuli. Whereas increased mechanical loading of the musculoskeletal system stimulates an increase in the mass and strength of skeletal muscle and bone, reduced mechanical loading and disuse rapidly promote a decrease in musculoskeletal mass, strength and ultimately performance (i.e. muscle atrophy and osteoporosis). In stark contrast to artificially immobilised laboratory mammals, animals that experience natural, prolonged bouts of disuse and reduced mechanical loading, such as hibernating mammals and aestivating frogs, consistently exhibit limited or no change in musculoskeletal performance. What factors modulate skeletal muscle and bone mass, and what physiological and molecular mechanisms protect against losses of muscle and bone during dormancy and following arousal? Understanding the events that occur in different organisms that undergo natural periods of prolonged disuse and suffer negligible musculoskeletal deterioration could not only reveal novel regulatory factors but also might lead to new therapeutic options. Here, we review recent work from a diverse array of species that has revealed novel information regarding physiological and molecular mechanisms that dormant animals may use to conserve musculoskeletal mass despite prolonged inactivity. By highlighting some of the differences and similarities in musculoskeletal biology between vertebrates that experience disparate modes of dormancy, it is hoped that this Review will stimulate new insights and ideas for future studies regarding the regulation of atrophy and osteoporosis in both natural and clinical models of muscle and bone disuse.
The plasticity of extracellular fluid homeostasis in insects
Authors: Beyenbach Klaus W.
Published: August 2016

In chemistry, the ratio of all dissolved solutes to the solution's volume yields the osmotic concentration. The present Review uses this chemical perspective to examine how insects deal with challenges to extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, solute content and osmotic concentration (pressure). Solute/volume plots of the ECF (hemolymph) reveal that insects tolerate large changes in all three of these ECF variables. Challenges beyond those tolerances may be ‘corrected’ or ‘compensated’. While a correction simply reverses the challenge, compensation accommodates the challenge with changes in the other two variables. Most insects osmoregulate by keeping ECF volume and osmotic concentration within a wide range of tolerance. Other insects osmoconform, allowing the ECF osmotic concentration to match the ambient osmotic concentration. Aphids are unique in handling solute and volume loads largely outside the ECF, in the lumen of the gut. This strategy may be related to the apparent absence of Malpighian tubules in aphids. Other insects can suspend ECF homeostasis altogether in order to survive extreme temperatures. Thus, ECF homeostasis in insects is highly dynamic and plastic, which may partly explain why insects remain the most successful class of animals in terms of both species number and biomass.
Dietary antioxidants and flight exercise in female birds affect allocation of nutrients to eggs: how carry-over effects work
Authors: Skrip Megan M. , Seeram Navindra P. , Yuan Tao , Ma Hang , McWilliams Scott R.
Published: August 2016

Physiological challenges during one part of the annual cycle can carry over and affect performance at a subsequent phase, and antioxidants could be one mediator of trade-offs between phases. We performed a controlled experiment with zebra finches to examine how songbirds use nutrition to manage trade-offs in antioxidant allocation between endurance flight and subsequent reproduction. Our treatment groups included (1) a non-supplemented, non-exercised group (control group) fed a standard diet with no exercise beyond that experienced during normal activity in an aviary; (2) a supplemented non-exercised group fed a water- and lipid-soluble antioxidant-supplemented diet with no exercise; (3) a non-supplemented exercised group fed a standard diet and trained to perform daily endurance flight for 6 weeks; and (4) a supplemented exercised group fed an antioxidant-supplemented diet and trained to perform daily flight for 6 weeks. After flight training, birds were paired within treatment groups for breeding. We analyzed eggs for lutein and vitamin E concentrations and the plasma of parents throughout the experiment for non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage. Exercised birds had higher oxidative damage levels than non-exercised birds after flight training, despite supplementation with dietary antioxidants. Supplementation with water-soluble antioxidants decreased the deposition of lipid-soluble antioxidants into eggs and decreased yolk size. Flight exercise also lowered deposition of lutein, but not vitamin E, to eggs. These findings have important implications for future studies of wild birds during migration and other oxidative challenges.
Exploration into a New Dicarboxylic Acid Derived from Ricinoleic Acid for High-Performance Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
Authors: Mizota Isao , Umeshima Satoshi , Matsunaga Sei , Isomura Rinpei , Nakahama Kenta , Shimizu Makoto , Yokomori Yorozu , Umemura Tokihiro , Kuroki Noburo , Kiyosawa Junich , Tanaka Hiroyuki
Published: August 2016

New dicarboxylic acids were synthesized from ricinoleic acid in 3–8 steps in good overall yields, and they were found to be effective as an electrolyte in aluminum electrolytic capacitors. These types of dicarboxylic acids show good heat-resistance and higher withstand voltage than conventional electrolytes.
Multimodality imaging review of the post-amputation stump pain
Authors: Subedi Nawaraj , Heire Priam , Parmer Vinay , Beardmore Simon , Oh Chooi , Jepson Fergus , Ali Syed I
Published: August 2016

Limb amputation is one of the oldest known surgical procedures performed for a variety of indications. Little surgical technical improvements have been made since the first procedure, but perioperative and post-operative refinements have occurred over time. Post-amputation pain (PAP) of the stump is a common complication but is an extremely challenging condition to treat. Imaging allows early diagnosis of the underlying cause so that timely intervention is possible to minimize physical disability with its possible psychological and socioeconomic implications. A multidisciplinary approach should be taken involving the rehabilitation medicine team, surgeon, prosthetist, occupational therapist and social workers. Conventional radiographs demonstrate the osseous origin of PAP while high-resolution ultrasound is preferred to assess soft-tissue abnormalities. These are often the first-line investigations. MRI remains as a problem-solving tool when clinical and imaging findings are equivocal. This article aimed to raise a clear understanding of common pathologies expected in the assessment of PAP. A selection of multimodality images from our Specialist Mobility and Rehabilitation Unit are presented so that radiologists are aware of and recognize the spectrum of pathological conditions involving the amputation stump. These include but are not limited to aggressive bone spurs, heterotopic ossification, soft-tissue inflammation (stump bursitis), collection, nervosas, osteomyelitis etc. The role of the radiologist in reaching the diagnosis early is vital so that appropriate treatment can be instituted to limit long-term disability. The panel of authors hopes this article helps readers identify the spectrum of pathological conditions involving the post-amputation stump by recognizing the imaging features of the abnormalities in different imaging modalities.
Checklist and Notes on Behavior of Horse Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with New Records for the State
Authors: Guimaraes Ronald Rodrigues , Guimarães Júnior Ronald Rodrigues , Harlan-Rodrigues Ronald Storti , Guimarães Roney Rodrigues , Carvalho Raimuindo Wilson
Published: August 2016

Abstract. During two periods of studies (1980-1981 and 2012-2013), 31 species of tabanids were identified belonging to 16 genera on Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Esenbeckia lugubris (Macquart), Phaeotabanus cajennensis (Fabricius), Tabanus claripennis (Bigot), Tabanus discus Wiedemann and Tabanus pungens Wiedemann are recorded for the first time in Rio de Janeiro state. Geographical and behavior data of the recorded species are also presented.Inventário e Notas Sobre o Comportamento de Mutucas (Diptera: Tabanidae) na Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, com Novos Registros para o EstadoResumo: Durante dois períodos de estudos (1980-1981 e 2012-2013), foram identificadas 31 espécies de tabanídeos pertencentes a 16 gêneros na Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Esenbeckia lugubris (Macquart), Phaeotabanus cajennensis (Fabricius), Tabanus claripennis (Bigot), Tabanus discus Wiedemann e Tabanus pungens Wiedemann são registrados pela primeira vez no estado do Rio de Janeiro. São apresentados também dados geográficos e de comportamento das espécies registradas.
Hábitos de Nidificação de Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) em Área Urbana
Authors: Virgínio Francisco , Maciel Tatiane Tagliatti , Barbosa Bruno Corrêa
Published: August 2016

Resumo. Visando compreender a ecologia de nidificação de Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus) em áreas urbanas, foram realizadas buscas ativas por colônias no Campus da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram encontradas 442 colônias em sete materiais como substrato para nidificação, sendo 98% em edificações humanas. Concreto e metal foram os substratos mais utilizados para nidificação das vespas, podendo ser justificado pela maior presença desses materiais no ambiente e ainda, pela retenção de calor que eles apresentam fornecendo condição favorável para o desenvolvimento das colônias. Nesting habits of Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Urban Areas Abstract. Aiming to understand nesting ecology of Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus) in urban areas, were carried out active searches for colonies on the campus of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. We found 442 colonies in seven materials as substrate for nesting, 98% in human buildings. Concrete and metal were the most commonly used substrates by the wasps nidifying and this fact can be justified by the greater presence of these in the environment and also the heat retention they present providing favorable condition for the development of the colonies.
Constant rate infusions in small animal practice
Authors: Zoff Aurora , Bradbrook Carl
Published: August 2016

This article reviews the most commonly used continuous rate infusions (CRIs) in veterinary medicine to provide sedation and analgesia during the peri-operative period. Providing a drug as a CRI allows maintenance of a stable plasma level of the drug, avoiding the ‘peaks and troughs’ associated with repeated bolus administration. Basic pharmacokinetics of drugs suitable for peri-operative CRI administration is described. Each drug is then briefly reviewed together with its properties and side effects. Combinations of CRI and novel concepts are described, followed by some examples on calculations for CRI.
Clinical forum: resource guarding
Authors: Wild Karen , Bescoby Rosie , Fry Deborah , Hope Kim
Published: August 2016

This clinical forum discusses a real-life behavioural case history of canine resource guarding, conducted by the lead author. The case highlights the importance of consulting directly with the client and viewing the dog within the home environment, and the complexity and challenges that each individual case presents. A summary of the case was presented to three animal behaviourists, together with a series of questions.
Heel wedging… the thick and thin of it
Authors: Brown Sarah-Mary
Published: August 2016

Sarah-Mary Brown FWCF discusses a study into the effects on heel morphology with the inclusion of 3° plastic wedges
Thermology uncovered
Authors: Gent Sophie
Published: August 2016

Sophie Gent managing director at SyncThermology, reveals how thermology is influencing the veterinary industry and the horse owners approach to lameness investigation
A day in the life of an intern at the Animal Health Trust
Authors: Routh Jenny
Published: August 2016

Continuing her experiences as a newly qualified vet, Jenny Routh discusses a misleading case
Wound care management
Authors: Chapman Stella
Published: August 2016

Stella Chapman gives an overview of the healing process and treatment approaches
Time to stamp out strangles
Authors: Vilela Andie
Published: August 2016

Andie Vilela, education and campaigns manager, Redwings Horse Sanctuary discusses the latest research and how we should be able erradicate this disease
Supporting patients living with and beyond cancer in primary care
Authors: Harker Nicola
Published: August 2016

By improving their awareness of cancer-related patient concerns, practice nurses could contribute more to the overall management of cancer patients. Dr Nicola Harker highlights opportunities for nurses to address unmet needs, providing proactive, holistic care.

The needs of cancer patients in the UK are changing with many more people surviving cancer. This article highlights how practice nurses are ideally placed to address some of the unmet needs of people living with and beyond cancer, and considers how to recognise and help manage potential long-term conditions.
A guide to honing patient consultation skills for the whole practice team
Authors: Allen Ada
Published: August 2016

Ada Allen, practice nurse, reviews The Naked Consultation: A Practical Guide to Primary Care Consultation Skills. If you are interested in reviewing books for Practice Nursing, email pn@markallengroup.com
Rapid Screening of Sulfuryl Fluoride as a Potential Phytosanitary Treatment for a Broad Selection of Fungi Relevant to Forestry
Authors: Uzunovic Adnan , Mukherjee Ananya , Elder Peggy , Myers Scott W.
Published: August 2016

Increasing restrictions on the use of methyl bromide have created an urgent need to find suitable replacements that are effective in eliminating exotic pest establishments via trade in wood products. Efficacy data for established phytosanitary fumigants have primarily focused on arthropods and nematodes, whereas limited information exists for plant pathogens and fungi relevant to forestry. A rapid screening process was developed to evaluate efficacy and compare relative tolerance to fumigation treatments for a broad selection of relevant fungi under laboratory conditions. Sulfuryl fluoride (SF) fumigations were conducted in 10-liter glass chambers at six target concentrations (40 to 240 mg liter−1) at 15°C and 20°C for 24-, 48-, and 72-hour exposure times against 23 fungal species represented with 35 isolates. Fungi were grown on sterilized barley grain and then distributed in felt-covered borosilicate glass tubes to allow uninhibited gas penetration during fumigation while minimizing the risk of fungal contamination. This allowed simultaneous testing of numerous species and isolates, followed by 100 percent recovery of controls without contamination. Results demonstrate that SF is an effective fumigant for a broad range of fungi. Several fungi and isolates were found to consistently be among the most tolerant to the fumigant treatment. These species may serve as a benchmark for screening SF in fumigations of logs and other wood products. Methods developed here will be useful in efficacy screening of other methyl bromide fumigant alternatives.
Efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban thromboprophylaxis after arthroplasty of the hip or knee: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Loganathan V , Hua A , Patel S , Gibbons C , Vizcaychipi MP
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potentially fatal complication of hip arthroplasty and knee arthroplasty. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommend rivaroxaban for VTE prevention. Amid concerns over bleeding complications, the modified thromboprophylaxis policy of Chelsea and Westminster Hospital (CWH; London, UK) advises enoxaparin given after surgery in the inpatient setting followed by rivaroxaban upon hospital discharge. This retrospective study investigated the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in this novel, modified venous-prophylaxis regimen in a surgical orthopaedic cohort at CWH.

Methods

A total of 479 patients who received modified thromboprophylaxis treatment at CWH after hip arthroplasty or knee arthroplasty between April 2013 and October 2014 formed the study cohort. Seven outcomes based on efficacy and safety while undergoing treatment with rivaroxaban were investigated: symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), death, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), major bleeding episodes (MBEs) and non-major bleeding episodes (NMBEs). Median follow-up was 369 days. Fisher’s exact and Mann–Whitney U-tests were adopted to identify associations with these outcomes.

Results

Prevalence of symptomatic PE, DVT, death, stroke and MI during treatment was zero. One (0.2%) MBE and nine (1.9%) NMBEs occurred. The MBE (a wound haematoma) required a return to theatre for aspiration. Off-treatment VTEs occurred in four (0.8%) patients after completion of a course of rivaroxaban, and were associated with known risk factors.

Conclusions

Rivaroxaban is an effective and safe anticoagulant for thromboprophylaxis after hip arthroplasty or knee arthroplasty if used in a modified regimen involving enoxaparin administered in the inpatient setting followed by rivaroxaban upon hospital discharge.
Transforming surgery for tomorrow
Authors: Marx Clare
Published: August 2016

Supporting doctors and other NHS staff from the EU.
Global surgery and Médecins Sans Frontières
Authors: Buckels John
Published: August 2016

MSF volunteer John Buckels explains how you can provide medical aid in conflict and natural disaster zones to those who need it most.
Vulnerability of emergency surgery to the working conditions of new doctors
Authors: Kamau C
Published: August 2016

How insufficient training and staffing affects patient experience.
Developing management skills as a surgical trainee
Authors: Kirkman MA
Published: August 2016

Lessons from a world-leading management consultancy.
Treasures from the Collections
Authors: Dawe-Woodings Ginny
Published: August 2016

Structure and Functions of the Lungs, from the lowest to the highest of the forms under which they present within the range of the Vertebrate Series by Dr Thomas Williams MRCS, 1842
Mr Slop and the Brexiteers
Authors: Slop
Published: August 2016

Slop finds himself stuck in the middle with EU.
Construction of the female global top manager in The Economist
Authors: Poutanen Seppo , Kovalainen Anne , Jännäri Jatta
Published: August 2016

This article analyses the portrayal of the female corporate manager in the economic media. More specifically the article examines the ways in which femininity and gendered power become enacted in feature articles about high level corporate leaders and managers in the global economic newspaper, The Economist, and through that enacted as part of the wider gender asymmetry in the economy. The media has a crucial role in constructing, changing and stabilizing representations, stereotypes and images. The article identifies, categorizes and presents managers as genderspecific social actors and members of elite business groups. Feature articles in The Economist about top managers were analysed over the period 2006–2013 with the help of thematic classifications influenced by critical discourse analysis. The analysis demonstrates that the global economy-focused print media has contributed to fending off and defining a ‘suitable managerial femininity’ for female managers that is aligned with the ideology of the third spirit of capitalism, but does not threaten the reigning masculinity of corporate management elite.
East to East: Cultural politics and fandom of Korean popular culture in Eastern Europe
Authors: Yoon Sunny
Published: August 2016

This study examines the popularity of South Korean media in Eastern Europe as a case of cultural politics. Strong fandom and subcultural activities related to Korean media in this region show not only temporary cultural trends but also social changes and public aspirations in these countries. Media audiences use Korean popular culture as a way of expressing their visions of social and cultural construction different from western systems. Currently facing new crises and despair after transitioning from the breakdown of socialism, people in these countries actively seek alternatives to both Eastern European communist and capitalist western development. This politically motivated cultural practice of media use demonstrates a case of soft power that phases the cultural dimension of politics motivated by the people. As an empirical endeavour of conceptual framework of cultural politics, an ethnographic research, including field studies with in-depth interviews and the participatory observation of social media, was conducted in Romania and Hungary. This research finds that criticism of national politics and the hasty adoption of the western system are the starting points for fan groups that indulge in Korean media, which simultaneously depict traditional values and rapid development towards modernity. Fans of Korean media in this region show nostalgia and Korean dreams that disclose the collective desires and social consciousness of the people at present. This study identifies cultural politics as an exercise of soft power and driving forces for the popularity of Korean media in post-socialist Europe.
International careers and cross-border cultural exchanges: Transition or continuity in the Baltic art worlds from 1960 until present?
Authors: Duester Emma
Published: August 2016

During the Cold War, there were many cross-border cultural exchanges between the western and eastern blocs. Soviet citizens were travelling out of the Soviet Union on group tourism tips and European citizens were travelling into the Soviet Union to source out artistic talent for exhibitions in Western Europe. Due to their histories, the Baltic art worlds are today heavily government funded and are only beginning to develop commercially. However, arts professionals are trying to change this – as after having worked or studied abroad they are returning with expertise and international contacts. These returnees are also, subsequently, more mobile and connected across the European Union. The Baltic States’ histories have had an impact on how current structures operate. This is why it is important to ask whether there has been transition or continuity in the Baltic art worlds since 1960. It is important to look at the development of these art worlds alongside cultural, political and economic changes happening in this region (and across the European Union) in order to see how and why they have changed (or not). Furthermore, an understanding of how Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius art scenes are in transition today cannot be understood fully without situating it within an historical context. More broadly, this article will shed light on the changes (and some similarities) in movements and communications across Europe – throughout history and today.
Posibles causas del apoyo de los residentes a un aumento de llegadas turísticas en Punta del Este (Uruguay)
Authors: Cardona José Ramón , Bassi Daniel Álvarez
Published: August 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las posibles causas directas e indirectas del apoyo de los residentes a un aumento en las llegadas turísticas a Punta del Este. Los datos corresponden a una muestra de 360 residentes de la conurbación de Maldonado-Punta del Este. El análisis se realizó mediante Regresión de Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se puede mencionar que: la preocupación por la economía local tiene un efecto positivo sobre la valoración de los beneficios económicos; la percepción de los beneficios económicos aumenta la percepción de los otros beneficios; la percepción de los otros beneficios mejora la actitud general de los residentes; y la actitud general de los residentes tiene un efecto positivo sobre el apoyo a la llegada de más turistas. Destaca la importancia explicativa de los otros beneficios (mejora en el entorno urbano y en los servicios públicos).
O contributo da experiência gastronómica para o enriquecimento da experiência turística. Perspetivas de um estudo no Algarve, Portugal
Authors: Santos Joana Teresa , Pinto Patrícia Susana Lopes Guerrilha dos Santos , Guerreiro Manuela
Published: August 2016

É geralmente aceite que o património cultural e histórico dos destinos turísticos é fonte importante para a criação de produtos turísticos diferenciados e atrativos. A gastronomia é um dos recursos culturais mais relevantes, atualmente reconhecida pela UNESCO como Património Imaterial da Humanidade. Além disso, este conjunto de recursos encerra uma reconhecida capacidade para estimular a vivência de experiências turísticas únicas e diferenciadoras. O objetivo deste artigo é caraterizar a experiência gastronómica vivida pelos turistas durante a sua estada num destino turístico maduro bem como determinar qual o papel das experiências gastronómicas na formação da satisfação global e da fidelidade ao destino. O destino objeto de estudo é o Algarve, um dos principais destinos turísticos de Sol e Praia da Europa e o principal destino turístico português. Foram inquiridos 384 turistas no Aeroporto Internacional de Faro através da administração de um inquérito por questionário. A análise dos resultados, essencialmente do tipo quantitativo, assentou no uso do softwares Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). O software NVivo foi usado para analisar as questões de resposta aberta. O presente trabalho contribui para a análise da gastronomia como um produto turístico complementar num destino fundamentalmente associado ao sol e à praia. Em particular, demonstra-se que a gastronomia assume um papel de destaque na oferta de um destino e, cada vez mais, constitui uma experiência fonte de prazer e de enriquecimento cultural.
Experiência turística memorável, percepção cognitiva, reputação e lealdade ao destino: um modelo empírico
Authors: Aroeira Tiago , Dantas Ana Carmem , Gosling Marlusa De Sevilha
Published: August 2016

Os destinos, de acordo com mudanças de comportamento dos turistas, começam a se posicionar como fornecedores de experiências. Neste contexto, estudos recentes apontam que as experiências turísticas relevantes tendem a aumentar a propensão dos turistas de se lembrarem do destino. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi propor e testar um modelo de relações entre as dimensões subjacentes da Experiência Turística Memorável, da Percepção Cognitiva, da Reputação e da Lealdade ao Destino. A metodologia foi um survey com 664 respondentes de todos os estados do Brasil. Realizaram-se (1) a análise e exclusão de outliers univariados e multivariados, (2) a análise fatorial exploratória e (3) a validação do modelo de mensuração e do modelo de estrutura usando modelagem por equações estruturais. Os resultados indicam que 11 das 13 hipóteses testadas são significativas ao nível de 1%. Além disso, observaram-se as cinco dimensões subjacentes na Experiência Turística Memorável – (1) Hedonismo, (2) Novidade, (3) Conhecimento e Cultura Local, (4) Renovação e (5) Envolvimento. A Novidade foi a dimensão mais saliente.