bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geostationary Visible Imager Calibration for the CERES SYN1deg Edition 4 Product
Authors: Doelling David , Haney Conor , Bhatt Rajendra , Scarino Benjamin , Gopalan Arun
Published: February 2018

The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) project relies on geostationary (GEO) imager derived TOA broadband fluxes and cloud properties to account for the regional diurnal fluctuations between the Terra and Aqua CERES and MODIS measurements. Anchoring the GEO visible calibration to the MODIS reference calibration and stability is critical for consistent fluxes and cloud retrievals across the 16 GEO imagers utilized in the CERES record. The CERES Edition 4A used GEO and MODIS ray-matched radiance pairs over all-sky tropical ocean (ATO-RM) to transfer the MODIS calibration to the GEO imagers. The primary GEO ATO-RM calibration was compared with the deep convective cloud (DCC) ray-matching and invariant desert/DCC target calibration methodologies, which are all tied to the same Aqua-MODIS calibration reference. Results indicate that most GEO record mean calibration method biases are within 1% with respect to ATO-RM. Most calibration method temporal trends were within 0.5% relative to ATO-RM. The monthly gain trend standard errors were mostly within 1% for all methods and GEOs. The close agreement amongst the independent calibration techniques validates all methodologies, and verifies that the coefficients are not artifacts of the methodology but rather adequately represent the true GEO visible imager degradation.
Fuzzy Logic and Regression Approaches for Adaptive Sampling of Multimedia Traffic in Wireless Computer Networks
Authors: Salama Abdussalam , Saatchi Reza , Burke Derek
Published: February 2018

Organisations such as hospitals and the public are increasingly relying on large computer networks to access information and to communicate multimedia-type data. To assess the effectiveness of these networks, the traffic parameters need to be analysed. Due to the quantity of the data packets, examining each packet’s transmission parameters is not practical, especially in real time. Sampling techniques allow a subset of packets that accurately represents the original traffic to be examined and they are thus important in evaluating the performance of multimedia networks. In this study, an adaptive sampling technique based on regression and a fuzzy inference system was developed. The technique dynamically updates the number of packets sampled by responding to the traffic’s variations. Its performance was found to be superior to the conventional nonadaptive sampling methods.
Natural Occurrence of Nivalenol, Deoxynivalenol, and Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside in Polish Winter Wheat
Authors: Bryła Marcin , Ksieniewicz-Woźniak Edyta , Waśkiewicz Agnieszka , Szymczyk Krystyna , Jędrzejczak Renata
Published: February 2018

The presence of mycotoxins in cereal grain is a very important food safety factor. The occurrence of “masked” mycotoxins has been intensively investigated in recent years. In this study, the occurrence of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, and deoxynivalenol in 92 samples of winter wheat from Polish cultivars was determined. The frequency of the occurrence of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the samples was 83% and 70%, respectively. The average content of the analytes was: for deoxynivalenol 140.2 µg/kg (10.5–1265.4 µg/kg), for nivalenol 35.0 µg/kg (5.1–372.5 µg/kg). Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, the formation of which is connected with the biotransformation pathway in plants, was present in 27% of tested wheat samples; its average content was 41.9 µg/kg (15.8–137.5 µg/kg). The relative content of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3G) compared to deoxynivalenol (DON) in positive samples was 4–37%. Despite the high frequency of occurrence of these mycotoxins, the quality of wheat from the 2016 season was good. The maximum content of DON, as defined in EU regulations (1250 µg/kg), was exceeded in only one sample. Nevertheless, the presence of a glycosidic derivative of deoxynivalenol can increase the risk to food safety, as it can be hydrolyzed by intestinal microflora.
Strategies to Improve the Clinical Utility of Saporin-Based Targeted Toxins
Authors: Giansanti Francesco , Flavell David , Angelucci Francesco , Fabbrini Maria , Ippoliti Rodolfo
Published: February 2018

Plant Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) including the type I RIP Saporin have been used for the construction of Immunotoxins (ITxs) obtained via chemical conjugation of the toxic domain to whole antibodies or by generating genetic fusions to antibody fragments/targeting domains able to direct the chimeric toxin against a desired sub-population of cancer cells. The high enzymatic activity, stability and resistance to conjugation procedures and especially the possibility to express recombinant fusions in yeast, make Saporin a well-suited tool for anti-cancer therapy approaches. Previous clinical work on RIPs-based Immunotoxins (including Saporin) has shown that several critical issues must be taken into deeper consideration to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. This review focuses on possible combinatorial strategies (chemical and genetic) to augment Saporin-targeted toxin efficacy. Combinatorial approaches may facilitate RIP escape into the cytosolic compartment (where target ribosomes are), while genetic manipulations may minimize potential adverse effects such as vascular-leak syndrome or may identify T/B cell epitopes in order to decrease the immunogenicity following similar strategies as those used in the case of bacterial toxins such as Pseudomonas Exotoxin A or as for Type I RIP Bouganin. This review will further focus on strategies to improve recombinant production of Saporin-based chimeric toxins.
Preparation of trinucleotide phosphoramidites as synthons for the synthesis of gene libraries
Authors: Suchsland Ruth , Appel Bettina , Müller Sabine
Published: February 2018

The preparation of protein libraries is a key issue in protein engineering and biotechnology. Such libraries can be prepared by a variety of methods, starting from the respective gene library. The challenge in gene library preparation is to achieve controlled total or partial randomization at any predefined number and position of codons of a given gene, in order to obtain a library with a maximum number of potentially successful candidates. This purpose is best achieved by the usage of trinucleotide synthons for codon-based gene synthesis. We here review the strategies for the preparation of fully protected trinucleotides, emphasizing more recent developments for their synthesis on solid phase and on soluble polymers, and their use as synthons in standard DNA synthesis.
Sustained Antiviral Effects and Clearance of Hepatitis Surface Antigen after Combination Therapy with Entecavir and Pegylated Interferon in Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Hagiwara Satoru , Nishida Naoshi , Watanabe Tomohiro , Ida Hiroshi , Sakurai Toshiharu , Ueshima Kazuomi , Takita Masahiro , Komeda Yoriaki , Nishijima Norihiro , Osaki Yukio , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: February 2018

Background

Although the efficacy of combination therapy with lamivudine or tenofovir and pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) has been reported in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), the long-term effect of the combination based on the observation of clinical course remains to be clarified. We previously reported the efficacy of combination therapy with entecavir (ETV) and PEG-IFN. Here, we investigated the long-term effect of this combination in patients with CHB.

Methods

We administered both ETV and PEG-IFN-α2a or -2b simultaneously to 26 patients with HBV genotype C infection. Treatment was continued for 48 weeks followed by 24 weeks of observation period; we examined the virological and biochemical responses. We also analysed characteristics related to the post-treatment relapse. Finally, we investigated the long-term therapeutic effects.

Results

Average reduction of intra-hepatic cccDNA level was 1.2 log copies/μg at the completion of administration. Pretreatment hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level with more than 3.5 log U/ml was identified as a predictive factor for relapse. Furthermore, the cumulative rates of HBsAg-negative patients at 1, 3 and 5 years after the completion of administration were 3.8, 8.4 and 15%, respectively (mean follow-up period: 4.8 years).

Conclusions

Baseline HBsAg level with more than 3.5 log U/ml is a useful predictor for relapse 24 weeks after the completion of administration in patients treated with combination therapy. Combination with ETV and PEG-IFN could be an option for treatment of CHB patients especially in those with baseline HBsAg levels of less than 3.5 log U/ml.
HLA-DRB1 Analysis Identified a Genetically Unique Subset within Rheumatoid Arthritis and Distinct Genetic Background of Rheumatoid Factor Levels from Anticyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies
Authors: Hiwa Ryosuke , Ikari Katsunori , Ohmura Koichiro , Nakabo Shuichiro , Matsuo Keitaro , Saji Hiroh , Yurugi Kimiko , Miura Yasuo , Maekawa Taira , Taniguchi Atsuo , Yamanaka Hisashi , Matsuda Fumihiko , Mimori Tsuneyo , Terao Chikashi
Published: February 2018

Objective.

HLA-DRB1 is the most important locus associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). However, fluctuations of rheumatoid factor (RF) over the disease course have made it difficult to define fine subgroups according to consistent RF positivity for the analyses of genetic background and the levels of RF.

Methods.

A total of 2873 patients with RA and 2008 healthy controls were recruited. We genotyped HLA-DRB1 alleles for the participants and collected consecutive data of RF in the case subjects. In addition to RF+ and RF− subsets, we classified the RF+ subjects into group 1 (constant RF+) and group 2 (seroconversion). We compared HLA-DRB1 alleles between the RA subsets and controls and performed linear regression analysis to identify HLA-DRB1 alleles associated with maximal RF levels. Omnibus tests were conducted to assess important amino acid positions.

Results.

RF positivity was 88%, and 1372 and 970 RF+ subjects were classified into groups 1 and 2, respectively. RF+ and RF− showed similar genetic associations to ACPA+ and ACPA− RA, respectively. We found that shared epitope (SE) was more enriched in group 2 than 1, p = 2.0 × 10−5, and that amino acid position 11 showed a significant association between 1 and 2, p = 2.7 × 10−5. These associations were independent of ACPA positivity. SE showed a tendency to be negatively correlated with RF titer (p = 0.012). HLA-DRB1*09:01, which reduces ACPA titer, was not associated with RF levels (p = 0.70).

Conclusion.

The seroconversion group was shown to have distinct genetic characteristics. The genetic architecture of RF levels is different from that of ACPA.
Risk Factors for Relapse of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis in Japan: A Nationwide, Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hara Akinori , Wada Takashi , Sada Ken-ei , Amano Koichi , Dobashi Hiroaki , Harigai Masayoshi , Takasaki Yoshinari , Yamada Hidehiro , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Hayashi Taichi , Fujimoto Shouichi , Muso Eri , Kawakami Tamihiro , Homma Sakae , Yoshida Masaharu , Hirahashi Junichi , Ogawa Noriyoshi , Ito Satoshi , Makino Hirofumi , Arimura Yoshihiro
Published: February 2018

Objective.

The aim was to elucidate the prognosis and risk factors associated with relapse during longterm remission maintenance therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Methods.

Patients with newly diagnosed AAV (n = 156) were registered in the Remission Induction Therapy in Japanese patients with ANCA-associated Vasculitides (RemIT-JAV) study, and among them, 83 patients who achieved remission were enrolled and followed up for 24 additional months in our nationwide, prospective cohort study (Co-RemIT-JAV; registration number UMIN 000006373). Patterns of maintenance therapy, effectiveness, and safety were evaluated from months 25 to 48 after the RemIT-JAV. The primary outcome measure was the rate of relapse. Secondary outcome measures included overall and renal survival, risk factors associated with relapse, and incidence rates of serious infections.

Results.

The patients comprised 35 men and 48 women aged 65.3 ± 12.6 years. Between months 25 and 48, the survival rate was 95% (79/83). Causes of death included 1 thyroid cancer, 1 infection, and 2 unknown reasons. Four patients had developed endstage renal disease (ESRD) by Month 24; 1 developed ESRD beyond Month 25. The relapse rate was 24% (20/83) from months 25 to 48. Multivariable analysis revealed that oral prednisolone ≤ 2.5 mg/day at Month 24 was a significant risk factor for relapse between months 25 and 48 (HR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.1–8.5).

Conclusion.

One-quarter of patients with AAV relapsed during maintenance therapy, and relapse was associated with the dose of oral prednisolone 24 months after the initiation of remission induction therapy in Japan.
Application of Recommendations Regarding the Use of Subcutaneous Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Spondyloarthritis by Rheumatologists in Daily Practice
Authors: Pereira-Gillion Céline , Marot Mathilde , Griffoul-Espitalier Isabelle , Andras Lucia , Goupille Philippe , Salliot Carine
Published: February 2018

Objective.

To assess the implementation of European recommendations for use of TNF inhibitors for spondyloarthritis (SpA), rheumatologists’ level of knowledge of and adherence to the recommendations, and potential barriers to the application of recommendations.

Methods.

We conducted a retrospective study among 42 rheumatologists who initiated a first subcutaneous TNF inhibitor for SpA in 2013 or 2014. Thirty items from national and international recommendations were separated into 3 domains: indication, pretherapeutic monitoring, and management under TNF inhibitors. A standardized data collection procedure was used to gather data from medical files to assess the application of each recommendation. Questionnaires assessing the knowledge, level of adherence to each recommendation, and potential barriers to their implementation were sent to rheumatologists.

Results.

Rheumatologists applied a mean of 60% of items from domains A and B, but less than 50% from domain C items. Recommendations regarding the search for previous infection and the prevention of future infections were the ones most often applied. However, < 60% of rheumatologists assessed cancer and other diseases before TNF inhibitor initiation. More than 95% of rheumatologists knew of the recommendations and had a high level of adherence. Lack of time, difficulties accessing specialized consultations, and lack of flexibility in the recommendations explained rheumatologists’ difficulties in applying the recommendations.

Conclusion.

Despite high levels of knowledge of, and adherence to, recommendations for using TNF inhibitors for SpA, rheumatologists’ application was limited because of a lack of human and material resources.
Barriers to Adherence in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Multicenter Collaborative Experience and Preliminary Results
Authors: Favier Leslie A. , Taylor Janalee , Loiselle Rich Kristin , Jones Karla B. , Vora Sheetal S. , Harris Julia G. , Gottlieb Beth S. , Robbins Lisa , Lai Jamie T. , Lee Tzielan , Kohlheim Melanie , Gill Jennifer , Bouslaugh Laura , Young Angela , Griffin Nancy , Morgan Esi M. , Modi Avani C.
Published: February 2018

Objective.

Nonadherence is currently an underrecognized and potentially modifiable obstacle to care in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The purpose of our study was to design and implement a standardized approach to identifying adherence barriers for youth with JIA across 7 pediatric rheumatology clinics through the Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network (PR-COIN) and to assess the frequency of adherence barriers in patients and their caregivers across treatment modalities.

Methods.

An iterative process using coproduction among parents and providers of patients with JIA was used to design the Barriers Assessment Tool to screen for adherence barriers across 4 treatment modalities (i.e., oral medications, injectable medications, infusions, and physical/occupational therapy). This tool was implemented in 7 rheumatology clinics across the United States and patient responses were collected for analysis.

Results.

Data were collected from 578 parents and 99 patients (n = 44 parent-child dyads). Seventy-seven percent (n = 444) of caregivers and 70% (n = 69) of patients reported at least 1 adherence barrier across all treatment components. The most commonly reported adherence barriers included worry about future consequences of therapy, pain, forgetting, side effects, and embarrassment related to the therapy. There was no significant difference between endorsement of barriers between parents and adolescents.

Conclusion.

Implementing a standardized tool assessing adherence barriers in the JIA population across multiple clinical settings is feasible. Systematic screening sheds light on the factors that make adherence difficult in JIA and identifies targets for future adherence interventions in clinical practice.
Violence against Brazilian women in public and mediatic spheres
Authors: Souza-Leal Bruno , de-Carvalho Carlos-Alberto , Antunes Elton
Published: February 2018

This article explores the capacity of the media to incorporate controversies in circulation in the public sphere. For that, it is based on the analysis of a set of 607 news stories about violence against women in context of gender relations and proximity collected in nine Brazilian media during the years of 2013 and 2014. Recognized as one of the countries with the highest rates of violence against women, in recent decades Brazil has passed laws aimed at protecting victims and aggravating the convictions of perpetrators, which were the result of intense debates promoted by feminists, researchers and others social actors involved in the guarantee of human rights. The collected news stories were published in the years immediately prior to the promulgation of the Feminicide Law, in 2015. Analyzed through a combination of methodologies, such as content analysis and narrative analysis, the collected news stories show that Brazilian news media are still little permeable to illuminating tendencies of violence against women as a result of gender relations, prevailing approaches that present them as routine and/or futile crimes. Therefore, the analysis makes it possible to perceive that the media are some steps behind the actions and debates that elevate this issue to a dimension of controversy, as those held in academic spaces, by feminist movements and other social actors in Brazil.

Este artículo indaga sobre la capacidad que tienen los medios de comunicación para incorporar controversias que circulan en la esfera pública. Para eso, se basa en el análisis de un conjunto de 607 relatos periodísticos sobre violencias contra mujeres en contextos de relaciones de género y de proximidad, recolectados en nueve medios brasileños durante los años 2013 y 2014. Reconocido como uno de los países con más altos índices de violencia contra las mujeres, Brasil aprobó en las últimas décadas leyes destinadas a proteger a las víctimas y a agravar las condenas de los agresores, procesos que resultaron de intensos debates promovidos por feministas, investigadores y otros actores sociales comprometidos con la defensa de los derechos humanos. Los relatos recolectados fueron publicados en los años inmediatamente anteriores a la promulgación de la Ley del Feminicidio, en 2015. Abordados a través de una combinación de metodologías, como análisis de contenido y análisis de narrativa, los relatos periodísticos muestran a los medios todavía poco permeables al entendimiento de las violencias contra mujeres como resultado de relaciones de género, prevaleciendo enfoques de crímenes rutinarios y/o fútiles. Por lo tanto, el análisis hace posible percibir que los medios de comunicación están algunos pasos detrás de las acciones y debates que se dan en espacios académicos, por movimientos feministas y otros actores sociales que en Brasil se ocupan de este problema, elevándolo a la dimensión de controversia.
Youth impact on the public sphere in Press and Twitter: The dissolution of the Spanish Youth Council
Authors: Clua Anna , Ferran-Ferrer Núria , Terren Ludovic
Published: February 2018

This paper aims to contribute to the study of the difficulties that young people face in accessing the public sphere as political actors. It looks at the Press coverage and the Twitter activity surrounding the restructuring process and the subsequent dissolution of the Spanish Youth Council (Consejo de la Juventud de España - CJE). A content analysis was carried out on the news published in 22 newspapers between 2012 and 2014, as well as on the use of Twitter within the framework of the “Salvemos el CJE” campaign during the same period of time. The main objective of the analysis has been to see the prominence of this issue on both the media and citizens’ agendas. In most newspapers, the measures taken by the government vis-á-vis the CJE were treated as punctual news of peripheral importance. The online campaign, mainly orchestrated by youth grassroots movements, raised the controversy on the biased nature and the political consequences of this plan. The core of the campaign addressed the representation of young people in public institutions. The results of the study suggest that the increased potential for visibility offered by social media is not always maximized and does not necessarily alter the prominence of an issue in the public sphere.

Este artículo pretende contribuir al estudio de las dificultades que encuentran los jóvenes a la hora de acceder a la esfera pública como actores políticos. Concretamente, se centra la atención en la cobertura en prensa y la repercusión en Twitter de la información relativa al proceso de disolución del Consejo de la Juventud de España (CJE). El texto da cuenta del análisis de contenido realizado sobre las noticias aparecidas en 22 periódicos españoles entre los años 2012 y 2014, así como del análisis del posicionamiento en Twitter de la campaña «Salvemos el CJE» durante el mismo período de tiempo. El principal objetivo es ver cómo la cuestión de la disolución del CJE es planteada desde la agenda mediática y desde la agenda ciudadana. En la mayoría de periódicos analizados, las medidas tomadas por el gobierno respecto al CJE son tratadas como un hecho noticioso puntual y de baja repercusión. La campaña online ofrece un discurso gestado desde los movimientos juveniles de base y plantea abiertamente la controversia acerca del sesgo y las consecuencias políticas de esta medida. La campaña gira entorno a la representación de la juventud en las instituciones públicas. Los resultados del estudio muestran cómo las crecientes oportunidades de visibilización que ofrecen las redes sociales no siempre comportan un mejor posicionamiento de un tema en la esfera pública.
Étude qualitative auprès des utilisateurs de cigarette électronique : pratiques, usages, représentations
Authors: Fontaine Astrid , Artigas Fernanda
Published: February 2018

Introduction : Les cigarettes électroniques sont des dispositifs sans combustion qui permettent de simuler l’acte de fumer du tabac, en vaporisant un « e-liquide » et diffusant un aérosol que l’utilisateur inhale. Même si l’engouement remarqué en 2012-2013 s’est ralenti, la cigarette électronique fait aujourd’hui partie du paysage des fumeurs qui cherchent une alternative au tabac et à l’abstinence et les tabacologues ont à répondre à la demande grandissante des fumeurs et à adopter une position claire face à ce dispositif. Méthodes : Les résultats présentés sont issus d’une étude qualitative réalisée avec le soutien financier de la Direction Générale de la Santé, l’une des directions du ministère des Affaires sociales et de la Santé. Elle a été conduite en France, de septembre 2014 à janvier 2016. Résultats : Elle se fonde sur un travail de terrain classique en ethnologie : observations lors d’événements regroupant des usagers de cigarettes électroniques et 25 entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec des profils variés permettant d’explorer un champ encore méconnu. Cette étude contribue à l’observation et à la compréhension d’un phénomène naissant, susceptible de changer durablement notre rapport au tabac. Discussion : Elle montre la grande variété des profils, parmi les fumeurs, intéressés par la cigarette électronique. Hommes, femmes, jeunes ou anciens fumeurs, adoptent des postures différentes au moment d’essayer ce dispositif et les usages évoluent dans les mois qui suivent cette expérimentation.
Une méta-synthèse sur le genre, le handicap et la santé reproductive en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Mac-Seing Muriel , Zarowsky Christina
Published: February 2018

Introduction : La santé reproductive constitue encore un enjeu de santé mondiale important. Cette situation est exacerbée chez la population handicapée aux prises avec diverses barrières d’accès et de discrimination qui restent peu comprises. Pour contribuer aux interventions futures, nous avons examiné comment, au sein de la recherche qualitative, les intersections entre le genre et le handicap en matière de santé reproductive en Afrique subsaharienne sont discutées. Méthodes : Une méta-synthèse est menée, en utilisant l’analyse taxonomique. Une approche inductive et itérative est adoptée pour faire émerger de nouvelles variations sémantiques. Pour le codage des thématiques, NVivo11 Plus est utilisé. Résultats : Dix études qualitatives, provenant de six pays en Afrique subsaharienne, ont été analysées. Deux thématiques principales ont émergé de l’analyse, soit 1) les rôles genrés des personnes handicapées sont programmés par la normativité socioculturelle, exacerbés par l’hégémonie du capacitisme et modulés par le type de problème de santé reproductive concerné ; et 2) les expériences du handicap, en interaction avec un enjeu de santé reproductive, sont exacerbées par le type de handicap, modulées par le type de barrières, et perçues de différentes manières selon les acteurs impliqués. Discussion : Les intersections entre le genre et le handicap, animant les personnes handicapées, sont plurielles et complexes. Non seulement les rôles genrés imposés influencent leur vie, mais leurs expériences du handicap sont aussi étroitement liées au genre. Une analyse intersectionnelle est proposée en guise de piste de solution.
Certified Nursing Assistants' Understanding of Nursing Home Residents' Pain
Authors: Halifax Elizabeth , Miaskowski Christine , Wallhagen Margaret
Published: February 2018

Pain is a significant problem for nursing home residents, yet its assessment is complex. Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) spend significant time with residents, but their role in understanding residents' pain is largely unexplored. The current qualitative grounded theory study analyzed interviews with 16 CNAs who described their experiences caring for residents in pain. Findings revealed how CNAs understood, recognized, interpreted, and responded to residents' pain. CNAs were found to differentiate between pain that they considered normal (everyday pain) and new pain judged significant enough to report to licensed nurses. CNAs exhibited a holistic understanding of pain, knowledge of strategies to identify and interpret pain, and actions to independently mitigate and report pain. Although additional confirmatory data are needed, the differentiation made between everyday and reportable pain may have important clinical implications suggesting that CNAs should always report to a licensed nurse when they perceive or suspect that residents have pain. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(4), 29–36.]
Nueva especie de ostrácodo del Plioceno de la Depresión del Guadalquivir (S.O. de España)
Authors: Ruiz F. , González-Regalado M. L. , Abad M.
Published: February 2018

En este trabajo se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de ostrácodo, Cyprideis civisi nov. sp., procedente de sedimentos pliocenos de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir (S.O. de España). Esta nueva especie se caracteriza por su pequeño tamaño (longitud: < 820 μm; altura: < 460 μm) y por presentar valvas fuertemente reticuladas y un menor tamaño en comparación con otras de este género. Cyprideis civisi nov. sp. vivió en los sedimentos arenosos de un medio infralitoral, sometido a la acción de tormentas y de ocasionales flujos de aguas dulces. En este marco, esta especie formaba parte de la dieta de gasterópodos, como ponen en evidencia las huellas de bioerosión halladas en las valvas.
What Drives Innovation and How Its Relevance is Established. A Perspective on Electric Vehicle Promotion in La Rochelle and Gothenburg : 1989-2000
Authors: Rupeka Marika
Published: February 2018

En France et en Suède, la promotion des véhicules électriques est depuis quelques années poursuivie en lien avec les politiques de décarbonisation du secteur des transports, et, par-là, les efforts de lutte contre les changements climatiques. Basée sur le nucléaire en France et sur une combinaison d’énergies renouvelables en Suède, la structure de la production énergétique permet aux institutions nationales de juger l’électrification des transports comme un choix pertinent. C’est notamment grâce aux analyses de cycle de vie que les estimations d’impact environnemental sont déduites. Au-delà du discours sur le climat et la santé environnementale, se poursuit une forte motivation de conquérir de nouveaux marchés par la technologie « verte ». Quels liens pouvons-nous établir entre ces motivations et quel est leur impact sur les territoires urbains ? Pour y répondre, cet article de recherche propose une étude parallèle de stratégies de promotion des véhicules électriques à Göteborg et à La Rochelle au cours des années 1990. Questionner pourquoi les territoires innovent and comment l’intérêt des transformations sociotechniques est établi nous permet de rentrer dans un débat historique sur la nécessité d’étudier les motivations qui poussent les territoires à innover autant que les processus de transformation. Cet article démontre qu’il existe (au moins) trois différentes perspectives par lesquelles on argumente la pertinence d’innover : 1/la perspective de l’histoire politique de la ville et de la région, 2/la perspective internationale, 3/la perspective de l’individu (de l’usager). À ces trois niveaux, les cultures organisationnelles et les intentions des entreprises se traduisent dans les discours sur l’intérêt de l’innovation territoriale, et ce en matière des motivations, des attitudes, du vocabulaire et des méthodes.
Biomimétisme en architecture. État, méthodes et outils
Authors: Chayaamor-Heil Natasha , Guéna François , Hannachi-Belkadi Nazila
Published: February 2018

Le biomimétisme inspire l’innovation dans différents domaines. Il a un impact significatif dans le champ de l’architecture, où il peut conduire à des innovations pour concevoir un environnement bâti durable. En tant que champ interdisciplinaire, l’architecture est influencée par de nombreux aspects des sciences naturelles et sociales. Parmi ces influences, l’inspiration de la biologie est actuellement dominante. Le cadre de la conception bio-inspirée a évolué et s’est transformé en différentes approches innovantes en grande partie du fait du développement de l’informatique et de son usage en architecture. Cet article vise à identifier les principales caractéristiques de l’architecture biomimétique, au regard de l’architecture bio-inspirée et à travers un état des connaissances dans le domaine et une étude de cas significatifs. L’objectif est de montrer comment l’usage de méthodologies de conception biomimétique pourrait conduire à des innovations en architecture en vue de répondre aux enjeux environnementaux actuels. Toutefois les architectes ne disposent pas encore des moyens d’accès à ces méthodologies biomimétiques pour les utiliser efficacement, aussi nous présentons à la fin de cet article les caractéristiques d’une plateforme d’outils qui pourrait faciliter la conception biomimétique dans le champ de l’architecture.
Simultaneous Targeting of Multiple Hemagglutinins to APCs for Induction of Broad Immunity against Influenza
Authors: Anderson Ane Marie , Baranowska-Hustad Marta , Braathen Ranveig , Grodeland Gunnveig , Bogen Bjarne
Published: February 2018

There is a need for vaccines that can confer broad immunity against highly diverse pathogens, such as influenza. The efficacy of conventional influenza vaccines is dependent on accurate matching of vaccines to circulating strains, but slow and limited production capacities increase the probability of vaccine mismatches. In contrast, DNA vaccination allows for rapid production of vaccines encoding novel influenza Ags. The efficacy of DNA vaccination is greatly improved if the DNA-encoded vaccine proteins target APCs. In this study, we have used hemagglutinin (HA) genes from each of six group 1 influenza viruses (H5, H6, H8, H9, H11, and H13), and inserted these into a DNA vaccine format that induces delivery of the HA protein Ags to MHC class II molecules on APCs. Each of the targeted DNA vaccines induced high titers of strain-specific anti-HA Abs. Importantly, when the six HA vaccines were mixed and injected simultaneously, the strain-specific Ab titers were maintained. In addition, the vaccine mixture induced Abs that cross-reacted with strains not included in the vaccine mixture (H1) and could protect mice against a heterosubtypic challenge with the H1 viruses A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) and A/California/07/2009 (H1N1). The data suggest that vaccination with a mixture of HAs could be useful for induction of strain-specific immunity against strains represented in the mixture and, in addition, confer some degree of cross-protection against unrelated influenza strains.
Th1, Th17, and Th1Th17 Lymphocytes during Tuberculosis: Th1 Lymphocytes Predominate and Appear as Low-Differentiated CXCR3+CCR6+ Cells in the Blood and Highly Differentiated CXCR3+/−CCR6− Cells in the Lungs
Authors: Nikitina Irina Yu. , Panteleev Alexander V. , Kosmiadi George A. , Serdyuk Yana V. , Nenasheva Tatiana A. , Nikolaev Alexander A. , Gorelova Lubov A. , Radaeva Tatiana V. , Kiseleva Yana Yu. , Bozhenko Vladimir K. , Lyadova Irina V.
Published: February 2018

Th1 lymphocytes are considered the main mediators of protection against tuberculosis (TB); however, their phenotypic characteristics and relationship with Th17 and Th1Th17 populations during TB are poorly understood. We have analyzed Th1, Th17, and Th1Th17 lymphocytes in the blood and pulmonary lesions of TB patients. The populations were identified based on the production of IFN-γ and/or IL-17 and the coexpression of CXCR3 (X3) and CCR6 (R6). In the blood, IL-17+ and IFN-γ+IL-17+ lymphocytes were barely detectable (median, <0.01% of CD4+ lymphocytes), whereas IFN-γ+ lymphocytes predominated (median, 0.45%). Most IFN-γ+ lymphocytes (52%) were X3+R6+, suggesting their “nonclassical” (ex-Th17) nature. In the lungs, IL-17+ and IFN-γ+IL-17+ lymphocytes were more frequent (0.3%, p < 0.005), yet IFN-γ+ cells predominated (11%). Phenotypically, lung CD4+ cells were X3+/loR6−. The degree of differentiation of blood effector CD4+ lymphocytes (evaluated based on CD62L/CD27/CD28 coexpression) increased as follows: X3+R6+ < X3+R6− < X3−R6−, with X3−R6− cells being largely terminally differentiated CD62L−CD27−CD28− cells. Lung CD4+ lymphocytes were highly differentiated, recalling blood X3+/−R6− populations. Following in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 Abs, X3+R6+CD4+ lymphocytes converted into X3+R6− and X3−R6− cells. The results demonstrate that, during active TB, Th1 lymphocytes predominate in blood and lungs, document differences in X3/R6 expression by blood and lung CD4+ cells, and link the pattern of X3/R6 expression with the degree of cell differentiation. These findings add to the understanding of immune mechanisms operating during TB and are relevant for the development of better strategies to control it.
Accidental Local Infiltration of Formalin into the Buccal Mucosa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sarode Sachin C. , Sarode Gargi S. , Ingale Yashwant , Ingale Manjusha , Chavan Mahesh , Patil Nilesh , Majumdar Barnali , Kumar Prashant , Patil Shankargouda
Published: February 2018

Formalin is a hazardous chemical, yet it is the choice of fixative for diagnostic pathology. Dental surgeons routinely use formalin for preservation of oral biopsy specimens. Literature search revealed that during regular biopsy procedures, unintentional injection with formalin has occurred, and such rare seven cases have been reported till date. In addition to the literature review, the present article describes first case of accidental local infiltration with formalin into the buccal mucosa during a biopsy procedure, its damaging effect on the oral tissues, subsequent judicious management of the patient and successful tissue reconstruction with collagen membrane.
An iterative Power Allocation Alogrithm for Energy Efficiency Optimization in Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Ren Yuanyuan , Miao Panpan , Lu Yanhui
Published: February 2018

In this paper, a transmitting power allocation strategy for users jointed together pre-coding is presented to eliminate inter-users interference and improve the energy efficiency of Massive MIMO systems. The power allocation model is formularized as energy efficiency optimization problem of the users ’ power and circuit power consumption. We demonstrate that energy efficiency is a convex function of users’ power. In order to reduce the complexity of traditional power allocation algorithm, an iterative power allocation algorithm based on convex optimization theory is proposed to figure out the optimal value of each user power. The simulation results show that the iterative algorithm can effectively improve the energy efficiency of Massive MIMO systems.
Control of water waves
Authors: Alazard Thomas , Baldi Pietro , Han-Kwan Daniel
Published: February 2018

We prove local exact controllability in arbitrarily short time of the two-dimensional incompressible Euler equation with free surface, in the case with surface tension. This proves that one can generate arbitrarily small amplitude periodic gravity-capillary water waves by blowing on a localized portion of the free surface of a liquid.
A Longitudinal Study of Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Characteristics and Environmental Enteropathy Markers in Children Less than 24 Months in Iquitos, Peru
Authors: Exum Natalie G. , Lee Gwenyth O. , Olórtegui Maribel Paredes , Yori Pablo Peñataro , Salas Mery Siguas , Trigoso Dixner Rengifo , Colston Josh M. , Schwab Kellogg J. , McCormick Benjamin J. J. , Kosek Margaret N.
Published: February 2018

Poor child gut health, resulting from a lack of access to an improved toilet or clean water, has been proposed as a biological mechanism underlying child stunting and oral vaccine failure. Characteristics related to household sanitation, water use, and hygiene were measured among a birth cohort of 270 children from peri-urban Iquitos Peru. These children had monthly stool samples and urine samples at four time points and serum samples at (2–4) time points analyzed for biomarkers related to intestinal inflammation and permeability. We found that less storage of fecal matter near the household along with a reliable water connection were associated with reduced inflammation, most prominently the fecal biomarker myeloperoxidase (MPO) (no sanitation facility compared with those with an onsite toilet had −0.43 log MPO, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.74, −0.13; and households with an intermittent connection versus those with a continuous supply had +0.36 log MPO, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.63). These results provide preliminary evidence for the hypothesis that children less than 24 months of age living in unsanitary conditions will have elevated gut inflammation.
Characterization of the Gamboa Virus Serogroup (Orthobunyavirus Genus, Peribunyaviridae Family)
Authors: Chiang Jannifer Oliveira , Marciel de Souza William , Teixeira Nunes Márcio Roberto , Acrani Gustavo Olszanski , Paes de Andrade Travassos da Rosa Amélia , Mesquita de Freitas Nelma , Patroca da Silva Sandro , Dorta da Silva Pedro Henrique , Watanabe de Sousa Alana , Rodrigues Sueli Guerreiro , Simões Quaresma Juarez Antônio , Dutary Bedsy , Guzmán Hilda , Vasilakis Nikos , Tesh Robert B. , Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos Pedro
Published: February 2018

Comprehensive comparative phylogenetic analyses were performed on 17 Gamboa serogroup viruses (GAMSVs) from distinct geographic regions in the Americas and other representative members of the genus Orthobunyavirus (Peribunyaviridae), based on small (S), medium (M), and large (L) open reading frame full-length and partial sequences. Genome characterization showed that the GAMSVs divide into four clades or genotypes. The GAMSVs have a genetic organization similar to other orthobunyaviruses, except that they have a larger NSm protein than other orthobunyaviruses. A serosurvey for Gamboa virus antibodies was performed in plasma from birds, other wild animals, and humans living around the Tucuruí hydroelectric dam in Pará state, northern Brazil, a known focus of GAMSV activity. Newborn chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were experimentally infected with a GAMSV, and the pathogenesis is described. Histopathological changes were primarily in the lungs and liver. Also, a review of the ecology of the GAMSVs in the Americas is included. In sum, this study presents the genomic and evolutionary characterization of the Gamboa group and the potential model of pathogenesis, which would be helpful for diagnostic purposes, epidemiology, and immunopathogenesis studies.
Competence of Phortica variegata from the United States as an Intermediate Host of the Thelazia callipaeda Eyeworm
Authors: Otranto Domenico , Iatta Roberta , Lia Riccardo Paolo , Cavalera Maria Alfonsa , Màca Jan , Pombi Marco , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Jaenike John
Published: February 2018

Over the past 20 years, Thelazia callipaeda (the oriental eyeworm) has become endemic in Europe, infecting domestic and wild carnivores and humans. The vector of this nematode, the fruit fly Phortica variegata, has recently been discovered in the United States, and its vector competence is demonstrated for T. callipaeda in this article, therefore representing a potential new threat for infection of carnivores and humans in the United States.
RECICLO Y PUNTO: una propuesta artística dinámica con desarrollo múltiple en las aulas y de aplicación efímera en el espacio público
Authors: Garriga Inarejos Rocío
Published: February 2018

Es un reto introducir a los estudiantes de primer curso del Grado de Bellas Artes (Campus de Teruel — Universidad de Zaragoza) en dinámicas artísticas contemporáneas, así como lo es la preparación de quienes se encuentran en tercer y cuarto año de cara al mundo profesional. RECICLO Y PUNTO es una actividad docente que pone en relación a los alumnos de primer, tercer y cuarto curso con el fin de desarrollar las competencias antes mencionadas. Esta propuesta de carácter artístico termina presentándose en el espacio público, proporcionando a los estudiantes una experiencia real, fuera del contexto de las aulas, en relación directa con la ciudadanía.

Participan: los estudiantes de las asignaturas de Volumen I (primer curso) y de Diseño y Gestión del Espacio Expositivo (tercer y cuarto curso). Objetivo en su aplicación real de cara a la ciudadanía: estimular el reciclaje. Los estudiantes de primer curso reproducirán en escayola botellas de plástico, latas de refresco y botes de cristal de distintos tamaños. Después trabajarán su superficie e incluirán la frase RECICLO Y PUNTO en ellos. Por otra parte, los estudiantes de tercer y cuarto curso se encargarán de comisariar, gestionar y coordinar la puesta en marcha de la actividad. Las piezas elaboradas se expondrán en la Plaza del Torico y las personas que se aproximen al lugar podrán llevarse una de ellas dando a cambio dos objetos reciclables.

Los instrumentos que se aplican son: propuesta del ejercicio, observación continua y seguimiento de las prácticas preparatorias durante clases lectivas y tutorías específicas, aplicación real, feedback, reflexión crítica y puesta en común de los resultados obtenidos y de las experiencias vividas. Esta iniciativa se realiza por primera vez en el curso académico 2016-17: expondré el diseño del proyecto, algunos de los resultados y una revisión crítica de los mismos.
Estrategias culturales frente a la crisis ecosocial. Creación audiovisual y participación local en el proyecto Inner Nature Exhibition
Authors: López de Frutos Estela , Rodríguez Mattalía Lorena , Sgaramella Chiara
Published: February 2018

INNER NATURE EXHIBITION es un proyecto de gestión cultural sin ánimo de lucro cuyo objetivo es reflexionar sobre la crisis ecosocial. Se trata de una muestra audiovisual itinerante que dialoga con otras propuestas organizadas por los diferentes centros que la acogen a nivel nacional e internacional, generando puntos de encuentro, intercambio y reflexión. En su tercera convocatoria la propuesta plantea nuevas fórmulas de relación entre estos contextos locales y las problemáticas globales. Necesitamos urgentemente herramientas culturales para visibilizar la crisis ecológica y deconstruir los discursos dominantes que legitiman un sistema insostenible. Cuestiones como el pico de los combustibles fósiles o el cambio climático plantean la perspectiva de un colapso ecosocial sin precedentes. Es por ello que resulta imprescindible construir formas alternativas de trabajar en el territorio más cercano, repensando nuestro sentido de lo común desde una imbricación simultánea con estructuras internacionales, que puedan buscar respuestas a problemas compartidos. En este contexto, planteamos estudiar el potencial de la creación audiovisual para contribuir a una toma de conciencia de la situación, pero desde una visión crítica con los discursos más tecnófilos que tienden a olvidar su dependencia ecosistémica. La experiencia de INNER NATURE EXHIBITION nos sirve como estudio de caso para analizar en la práctica las principales aportaciones y los posibles límites de este tipo de iniciativas culturales. 
El invisible y la no-materialidad de las cosas de la isla
Authors: Vieira Terra Tatiana
Published: February 2018

Una isla situada en la meseta central del Brasil se convierte en el espacio gravitacional de un viaje artístico de exploración. Despegues y fluctuaciones alternan durante la expedición. Estar en la isla también significa ser el punto focal de un telescopio invertido donde el dialogo se construye a partir de las cosas que habitan en los espacios cercanos e infinitos, en el flujo de las relaciones entre ellas y el sujeto en el espacio. Las narrativas visuales proporcionadas por el viaje, surgieron a partir de los deseos, de las confrontaciones y de las sorpresas vividas durante las pausas y comuniones invocadas por la no materialidad de las cosas que viven allí. El texto narra la expedición a la isla, trae imágenes producidas a partir de la experiencia vivida e invita a una reflexión sobre las voces silenciosas de las cosas en el espacio, la visión invisible y la resonancia interna del sujeto.
Invited review: Genetic and genomic mouse models for livestock research
Authors: Arends Danny , Hesse Deike , Brockmann Gudrun A.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Knowledge about the function and functioning of single or multiple interacting genes is of the utmost significance for understanding the organism as a whole and for accurate livestock improvement through genomic selection. This includes, but is not limited to, understanding the ontogenetic and environmentally driven regulation of gene action contributing to simple and complex traits. Genetically modified mice, in which the functions of single genes are annotated; mice with reduced genetic complexity; and simplified structured populations are tools to gain fundamental knowledge of inheritance patterns and whole system genetics and genomics. In this review, we briefly describe existing mouse resources and discuss their value for fundamental and applied research in livestock.