bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence Pattern of Rice Caseworm (Nymphula sp.)
Authors: Haq Mainul , Haque NM Mozaddedul , Karim ANM Rezaul
Published: April 2008

Incidence pattern of rice caseworm were studied from T. Aman (July - December) 1995 to Boro (December - May) 1998 at BRRI farm, Gazipur. Rice caseworm mostly damaged the rice plants 2 to 4 weeks after transplanting. The incidence occurred at 15th August and subsequent transplanting dates during T. Aman season and the highest leaf damage was observed in case of mid October planting. In Boro season, the incidence occurred in the late February. There were two peak incidence of caseworm in the month of August and October.

Key words: Caseworm, Nymphula sp., incidence, leaf damage.
Relative Abundance and Yield Loss Assessment of Lentil Aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch in Relation to Different Sowing Dates
Authors: Hossain Md. Altaf , Ferdous Jannatul , Salim MMR
Published: April 2008

Relative abundance of lentil aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch were investigated and yield loss assessment at different sowing dates during rabi season of 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 at Ishurdi Bangladesh. Lentil aphid appeared in field in the first week of January. The maximum aphid population (15.82/twig) was recorded in the first week of February 2000-2001, but the population reached to the peak was in the last week of January in 1999-2000, subsequently rainfall caused a sudden reduction of aphid population in latter dates. Aphid population and infestation increased with the delayed dates of sowing. The crop sown in November received less aphid infestation and consequently produced higher yield than the crop sown in December. During 1999-2000, the avoidable yield loss due to aphid infestation was recorded 0.90 to 6.78% and in 2000-2001 it was 2.65 to 9.00% depending on the different dates of sowing. Avoidable yield loss was less in November sowing crop than the crop sown in December. On the other hand, yield increased by 0.91 to 7.27% and 2.72 to 9.89% in 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 respectively, due to protection measures taken against aphids and this was also depend on different dates of sowing.

Key words: Lentil aphid, delayed sowing, infestation, yield.
Effect of N, P, K and Cowdung on the Growth and Yield of Panchamukhi Kachu (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta Schott.)
Authors: Islam MR , Moniruzzaman M , Mozumder SN
Published: April 2008

A field experiment was carried out during two consecutive cropping seasons of 2001-02 and 2002-03 at the Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Rangamati, to optimize fertilizer need for desirable yield of Panchamukhi Kachu (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta Schott.). Fourteen combinations of treatments consisting four levels of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha), five levels of P2O5 (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha), four levels of K2O (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha) and three levels of cowdung (0, 10, 20 and 30 t/ha) were tested. A positive impact of each nutrient and cowdung application was observed on vegetative growth and fresh yield of the crop. The highest yield (average of two years) of 35.20 t/ha (54% increase over control) was obtained with the application of 100 kg of N, 75kg P2O5, 180 kg, K2O and 10t cowdung/ha. From the economic point of view, the combination of 100 kg of N, 75kg P2O5, 180 kg K2O and 10 ton cowdung/ha was found to be the most suitable one which offered a gross return and gross margin of TK. 3.25 lakh/ha and Tk. 3.39 lakh/ha, respectively coupled with marginal rate of return as high as 3530.77%.

Key words: Panchamukhi kachu, growth, yield.
Variability of Different Yield Contributing Parameters and Yield of Some Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Accessions
Authors: Alam AKM Ashraful , Hossain Md Mokbul
Published: April 2008

In order to assess the variability of yield contributing characters of 50 okra accessions and their interrelation effects on the yield of green pod a field experiment was undertaken at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from February, 2002 to May, 2002. A wide range of variation was observed in case of weight of green pod per plant (105- 281g), days to first flowering (40-52days) and weight of individual green pod (14-26g). Moderate variation for length of green pod (12-19cm), number of green pods per plant (6-11) and yield of green pod (4-13 t/ha), lesser variation for percent of dry matter content (5-8%), number of ridges per green pod (5-9) and diameter of green pod (1-2cm) was observed. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation was observed in case of yield of green pod (GCV= 23.22%) followed by weight of green pod per plant (22.24%), weight of individual green pod (18.68%), number of ridges per green pod (13.49%), number of green pod per plant (10.84%), dry matter content of green pod (10.48%), diameter of green pod (6.90%) and length of green pod (6.24%). These characters suggested the existence of justifiable genetic distance among different cultivars. Correlation coefficient indicated that yield of green pod had highly significant positive association with weight of green pod per plant and weight of individual green pod. Path coefficient analysis showed that the weight of green pod per plant and weight of individual green pod were directly contributed towards the yield of green pod.

Key words: Okra, accession, variability, yield.
Some Approaches to the Analysis of a Group of Repeated Measurements Experiment on Mahogany Tree with Heteroscedustic Model
Authors: Islam Md Nasirul , Rouf Abu Syeed Md Ripon , Rahman M Mazibar
Published: April 2008

Combined analysis of a group of repeated measurements experiments could play an important role in both the causes either the variance might be known or unknown. Ordinarily the variances vary from experiment to experiment depending on places and environmental conditions due to great irreconcilable inherent causes. On the other hand the variances are obviously related as a functional form of the respective error variances in different places. Relying on the functional form some tests criterion are proposed for removing any resulting bias.

Key words: Repeated measurements experiments, divergency and convergency, percentage rotatability.
Impact of Agricultural Credit on MV Boro Rice Cultivation in Bangladesh
Authors: Miah MA Kabir , Alam AKM Ashraful , Rahman AHMA
Published: April 2008

An investigation was conducted at Mithapukur and Razarhat upazila under Rangpur and Kurigram districts, respectively to know the requirements, utilization pattern and repayment system of credit and its effect on modern rice cultivation. A total number of 120 rice growers who obtained credit from Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank (RKUB) and Grameen Bank (GB) were interviewed. Another 60 farmers who did not take credit from other sources were also studied. The findings disclosed that the client farmers of RKUB and GB used about 78 and 72 percent credit, respectively for Boro rice production and the rest was used for consumption purpose. The cost of credit of RKUB and GB was Tk. 463 and Tk. 20, respectively. The RKUB farmers had to pay Tk. 252 as entertainment cost. The GB credit users borne 1.13 times higher production cost compared to RKUB users for Boro rice cultivation. Loan users achieved 1.21 times higher rice yield compared to loan non-users. The analysis of resources use efficiency revealed that both credit users and non-users rice growers had failed to use inputs efficiently, either the production inputs were overused or underused. Unavailability of credit and weekly instalment system of repaying loan were the main constraints faced by 38 percent RKUB and 53 percent GB credit users. Small farmers were found to avoid cumbersome procedure of obtaining loan from the institutional sources and they felt better to borrow loan from NGOs.

Key words: RKUB, GB, MV Boro rice, credit and farmers.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Health Care Workers
Authors: Alam Shahinul , Ahmad Nooruddin , Khan Mobin , Mustafa Golam
Published: April 2008

Background and aims: Parenteral route is the principal mode of transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Health care workers are at risk of infection with HCV. Aim of study was to estimate seroprevalence of HCV amongst health care workers and identify possible risk factors of HCV infection. Materials and Methods: 355 health care workers were selected from July 2005 to June 2006 working in different departments of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Among them 43.5% were doctors, 32.1% nurses, 11.8% ward boys, 5.9% operation theatre staffs (OT staffs), and 6.8% others. Sera were tested for HCV antibodies by ELISA. Data analyzed by SPSS 10.0 version. Results: Mean age was 31.56±7.4 years. Males were 51.4% and females 48.6%. Anti-HCV was positive in 5(1.4%) cases out of 355. Most prone to HCV infection were nurses (3) followed by doctor (2). No ward boy or OT staff was affected. Previous surgical (80%) and dental procedures (60%) were the main risk factors than recipients of blood transfusion (20%), intravenous drug users (20%), and multiple sexual exposures (20%). Conclusions: Nurses are more prone to HCV infection. Surgical procedures are the main risk factors for acquiring HCV infection. Proper sterilization of surgical instruments is recommended.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 126-129)
The Outcome of Delayed One Stage Urethroplasty in Post-Traumatic Prostato-Membranous Urethral Stricture : A Retrospective Study of 50 Cases
Authors: Bhuiyan Zahid Hassan , Islam M Fakhrul , Tawhid KMH , Siraj Mamoon
Published: April 2008

We have reviewed the result of delayed one stage urethroplasty through perineal approach in post traumatic prostato-membranous urethral stricture with associated pelvic fracture in a retrospective study. The place of study is Bangladesh Medical College Dhaka. The study period was from Nov'01 to Aug'04. The sample size was 50. Thirty two cases presented with post-traumatic stricture of urethra ( PTSU ) with suprapubic cystostomy (SPC). The rest 18 cases were complicated and presented with recurrent stricture with associated periurethral abscess, suprapubic and perineal urethral fistula or thigh urinoma. These cases were managed initially by suprapubic cystostomy (SPC) and adequate local care before re-admission for definitive procedure.

All cases were underwent delayed one stage urethroplasty through perineal approach after > 3 months of SPC and were followed carefully for > 06 months in each case. The outcome in 42 cases were excellent; required no treatment. In 06 cases the result was good requiring 01 - 03 sessions of optical internal urethrotomy (OIU). Poor result was observed in 02 cases, managed by > 3 sessions of OIU followed by intermittent self dilatation (ISD). No patient needed reoperation. The overall result is excellent.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 130-138)
Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease- Is It Always Benign?
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mohibur , Abedin Tariq , Amin Robed , Rahman M Ridwanur , Faiz Md Abul
Published: April 2008

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease observed in the clinical practice of hepatology affecting approximately 20% of the general population. It is increasingly apparent that non alcoholic steatohepatits (NASH) and NAFLD are not Western disease. There is evolution of Western-style life among the Asian population and NASH has increasingly been diagnosed in several regions in Asia. NASH is considered as a type of a larger spectrum of NAFLD that is a consequence of insulin resistance and other underlying factors with histological findings ranging from fatty change alone to fat plus inflammation, to fat plus ballooning degeneration, and to fat plus alcoholic hepatitis-like lesions including Mallory body and fibrosis, the latter two categories being considered as NASH. Although liver biopsy is currently the gold standard for diagnosis, there is a need for less invasive methods. Imaging by ultrasound, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance are all able to demonstrate fat. Ultrasound, although probably not the most reliable imaging method, has many advantages and, when positive, gives a high degree of certainty of the diagnosis depending on the prevalence of fatty liver in the population being studied. Unlike liver biopsy, none of these techniques is able to differentiate simple steatosis from non- alcoholic steatohepatitis. The ultimate goal of treating the patient with NASH is to prolong life by avoiding the end-organ diseases associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Treatment of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver has typically been focused on the management of associated conditions as well as discontinuation of potentially hepatotoxic drugs. Weight loss and exercise improve insulin sensitivity. Bariatric surgery may improve liver histology in patients with morbid obesity. Insulin sensitising drugs showed promise in pilot trials as have a number of hepatoprotective agents. Further randomised, well controlled trials are required to determine the efficacy of these drugs.

In this article, we will review (1) various processes that are involved in the pathogenesis of NASH (2) the existing medical therapy for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver, (2) the emerging and potentially useful medications.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 144-152)
Metastatic Jaw Swelling as the First Manifestation of Adrenal Malignancy: A Case Report
Authors: Sadat SM Anwar , Rita Sufia Nasrin , Ahmed Mohiuddin
Published: April 2008

This case report is of a 65-year-old man with two large soft tissue swellings in upper & lower jaws for 20 days. Incision biopsy revealed metastatic carcinoma with possible primaries was  adrenal gland and kidney. Metastatic adenocarcinoma in left lung and primary mass in right adrenal gland were diagnosed by other relevant investigations. Due to unfavorable general condition, Chemotherapy could not be started. Patient died 20 days after the confirmation of diagnosis & during the course of radiotherapy.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 153-156)
Device Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect with Amplatzer Muscular Occluder: A Case Report
Authors: Fatema Nurun Nahar , Rahman Mamunur , Haque Mujubul
Published: April 2008

A four year old girl was diagnosed as a case of mid muscular Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) since early infancy. She had history of failure to thrive (FTT) and recurrent chest infection or pneumonia. As her pulmonary artery pressure was almost normal she was planned for device closure on elective basis once device and technology would be available in cardiac centre of combined Military Hospital (CMH) Dhaka. Finally it was done on 21st August 2005 and patient was discharged after 72 hours observation period. Echocardiography on next morning showed complete occlusion of defect with no residual shunt.

(J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 161-163)
Importance of C-Terminal Knot Structure in Carbonic Anhydrase II (Part I): Role of C-Terminal Knot Forming GLN253 on Enzymatic Property of Human Carbinic II
Authors: Alam Mohammad Taufiq
Published: April 2008

In both, bovine and human carbonic anhydrase II, a conserved glutamine residue occupies the position in the middle of the knot, which is formed by intercrossing of C-terminal end with N-terminal region. Previous studies have indicated that C-terminus is not the part of an active site, but truncation of 7 amino acid residue in this region can have marked effects on stability of the enzyme (data not published). To gain further insight into the role of specific amino acid residue in C-terminal region, site directed mutagenesis was used to introduce point mutation. Substitution of glutamine with cysteine was chosen because the cysteine residue is less hydrophilic as compared with glutamine and thus, may disrupt the hydrophilic environment in this region. Result indicates that Gln253 located within the C-terminus knot topology plays a significant role in normal function of the enzyme. Thus, C-terminal region might mediate cooperativity between the central active site of the enzyme through proper formation of knot.

Key words: Human carbonic anhydrase II; knot topology; point mutation

J. bio-sci. 14: 1-9, 2006
Efficacy of Gamma Radiation Against Housefly (Musca domestica L.) Reproduction and Survival II. Adult Treatment
Authors: Khan Halima Sadia , Islam M Saiful
Published: April 2008

Gamma radiation-induced changes in the reproductive parameters have been investigated using 0-10 Gy doses on adult houseflies Musca domestica L. Inheritance of the parameters was recorded in the parents and subsequent progenies up to F3 generations. Compared to the untreated controls, irradiations significantly increased oviposition, sterility and immature mortality, and diminished adult and female eclosion in the treated lines. Sterility reached 100% above 8 Gy levels and males were readily radiosterilized than the females. Dose mortality (LD50) and sterility (SD50) responses of the test insects were determined to be 10.04 Gy and 6.23 Gy, respectively. Results are promising in connection with a sterile insect technique (SIT) for this pest species.

Key words: Musca domestica; gamma radiation; adult treatment; oviposition; sterility; mortality; eclosion

J. bio-sci. 14: 25-30, 2006
Efficient Plant Regeneration from Cotyledon and Midrib Derived Callus in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Rahman M , Asaduzzaman M , Nahar N , Bari MA
Published: April 2008

Somatic embryos were obtained from cotyledon and midrib explants of Solanum melongena L., cultivar Loda. For callus induction, medium was supplemented with different concentrations of auxin singly or in combination with BAP. The best callusing 83-85% was obtained from both of the explants cultured on MS medium containing 2.0 mgl-1NAA + 0.05 mgl-1BAP. Somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration was achieved after transferring the calli to MS medium supplemented with BAP, GA3, NAA and Zeatin. Cotyledon derived calli showed better performance (87%) for regeneration than that of midrib (82%) when sub cultured on MS medium having 2.0 mgl-1 Zeatin + 1.0 mgl-1 BAP. For root induction, MS + 3.0 mgl-1 IBA was proved to be better treatment for average number (14-15) and mean length (12 cm) of roots than those of other treatments.

Key words: Eggplant; cotyledon; midrib; callus induction; somatic embryo

J. bio-sci. 14: 1-9, 2006
A New Species of Predatory Mite, Amblyseius (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) from Stored Coffee Berries
Authors: Sadanandan Mary Anithalatha
Published: April 2008

A new species of predatory mite of the family Phytoseiidae viz., Amblyseius (Amblyseius) coffeae sp. nov. is described from stored coffee berries.

Key words: Predatory mite; Phytoseiidae; Amblyseius; new species

J. bio-sci. 14: 39-41, 2006
Comparison between Single and Double Injection of Pituitary Gland (PG) on the Breeding Performance of Climbing Perch, Anabas Testudineus (Bloch)
Authors: Mahmood Shahid Uddin
Published: April 2008

An investigation was carried out to study the effects of single and double injection of given dose of pituitary gland (PG) on the breeding performance viz., ovulation response, fertilization, and hatching of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus was tested. Pituitary gland dose of 1.2 mg/100g was used in this experiment. Twenty female fish was arranged into two treatments: T1 and T2, each with 10 replications. In T1, the entire dose was administered in a single injection and in T2 the same dose was given in two equal injections three hr apart. The experiment was laid in completely randomized design (CRD). It was found that administration of PG in split doses (double injection) had no additional advantages (ovulation 100%, fertilization 81.56% and hatching 72.68%) over the single injection (ovulation 100%, fertilization 83.03% and hatching 75.48%) treatment. Similarly, the ovulation time of the fish did not vary significantly in either single or double injection of PG (single injection 7.12 hr; double injection 7.20 hr). The results demonstrated that splitting of pituitary gland dose (double injection) has no additional advantages on breeding performance of A. testudineus. Therefore, single injection may be preferred over the second injection for breeding of this fish.

Key words: Breeding, pituitary gland (PG), fertilization, hatching

J. bio-sci. 14: 57-60, 2006
The Synergism of Diltiazem and Nifedipine in their Antihypertensive Functions in the Animal Model and the Case of Coadministration of Ketotifen Fumerate and Potassium Nitrate with them
Authors: Amran Md Shah , Rahatuzzamn Md , Hossain Md Amjad
Published: April 2008

An in vivo study has been carried out to evaluate the synergism of diltiazem and nifedipine on the antihypertensive activity and the effect of ketotifen fumerate and potassium nitrate on this phenomenon of synergism in rabbit. It has been found that the lowering of blood pressure by concurrent administration of diltiazem and nifedipine was not equal to the sum of lowering of blood pressure by individual drug. Concurrent administration of ketotifen fumerate and potassium nitrate with diltiazem or with nifedipine did not make a significant change on the antihypertensive activity of diltiazem or nifedipine. Further considerations and monitoring are to be practiced during concurrent therapy of diltiazem and nifedipine to avoid untoward pharmacological and therapeutic actions related to druginteractions but coadministration of ketotifen fumerate and potassium nitrate with either diltiazem or nifedipine might be regarded as safe and effective.

Keywords: in vivo, antihypertensive activity, nifedipine, diltiazem, ketotifen fumerate, potassium nitrate, coadministration.

J. bio-sci. 14: 61-67, 2006
Influence of Soil Moisture on some Physiological Characters and Root and Alkaloid Yields of Rauvolfia serpentina
Authors: Paul D , Paul NK , Basu P
Published: April 2008

Relative leaf water content of the irrigated plants of Rauvolfia serpentine was significantly higher than that of the rainfed plants. Soil moisture effect was found to be significant for chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll. Rainfed plants had significantly higher proline and sugar content than the irrigated plants. Main root length, total alkaloid and reserpine contents were unaffected by soil moisture, but air-dried root yield gradually increased with the increase of irrigation frequency.

Key words: Irrigation, relative leaf water content, chlorophyll, sugar, root yield, reserpine.

J. bio-sci. 14: 73-76, 2006
Distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Swamps and its Infection to Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Hossain Md Iqbal , Neela Farzana Ashrafi , Hussain M Afzal , Rahman M Habibur , Suzuki Satoru
Published: April 2008

The bacterial load, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their artificial infection to Oreochromis niloticus were studied in water of four swamps in the Rajshahi University campus during November, 2001 to October, 2002. The load of P. aeruginosa was found to vary from 6.80×105 to 5.08×106 ml-1. In artificial infection to Oreochromis niloticus, the mortality rates was recorded at 90, 50, 30, 20 and 0% at 1.92 × 108, 1.92×107, 1.92×106 1.92×105 and 1.92×104 CFU fish ml-1, respectively. The average bacterial load in the swamps (1.92×106CFU ml-1) was slightly higher than that prevailed in the control pond (1.90×106CFU ml-1). Swamps can be utilized at the present bacterial load for the fish culture.

Key words: Swamp, pathogenicity, Pseudomonas, Oreochromis niloticus.

J. bio-sci. 14: 77-81, 2006
Serum Lipid Profile of Hypertensive Patients in the Northern Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Saha MS , Sana NK , Shaha Ranajit Kumar
Published: April 2008

A prospective study was conducted in the Northern region of Bangladesh, to investigate the serum lipid profile viz the level of total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of hypertensive patients and compares them with levels of control subjects. The results revealed that serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol were significantly markedly raised (p>0.001) whereas the level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower (p>0.001) in hypertensive patients as compared to control subjects. No significant changes of serum lipid profile were found between male and female hypertensive patients, but in control subjects, markedly higher levels of serum lipid profile was observed in male compared to that of female. It was concluded that hypercholesterolaemia, hypertrigyceridaemia and low density lipoprotein are the main lipid abnormalities on the incidence of hypertension in the study area.

Key words: Hypertension, Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL- cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.

J. bio-sci. 14: 93-98, 2006
Insecticidal Activity of Annona squamosa l. Seed Extracts against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
Authors: Khalequzzaman M , Sultana Shajia
Published: April 2008

Insecticidal activity of the seed extracts of custard apple, Annona squamosa L. in petroleum spirit, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol against Raj, CR 1, FSS II and CTC-12 strains of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) was studied. The seeds were dried, powdered and extracted in Soxhlet`s apparatus in the solvents below 60°C. Extractions were applied on larvae and adult beetles in film residue methods and mortality was recorded after 24 h. For larval bioassay the highest toxicity was recorded for petroleum spirit extract (LD50= 0.03?g cm-2) in Raj strain and the lowest toxicity was for methanol extract (LD50=15.697?g cm-2) in FSS II strain. In adults petroleum spirit extract offered highest toxicity (LD50= 58.697?g cm-2) in CTC 12 strain and the lowest toxicity (LD50=22004.710?g cm-2) was for acetone extract in CR 1 strain. LD50, 95% confidence limits and regression equations are presented.

Key words: Tribolium castaneum, Annona squamosa, custard apple, LD50

J. bio-sci. 14: 107-112, 2006
Length-Weight Relationship, Condition Factor and Sex-Ratio of Freshwater Fish, Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton) (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) from Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors: Mortuza M Golam , Rahman Tawfeequa
Published: April 2008

J. bio-sci. 14: 139-141, 2006
Studies on Serum Total Cholesterol, in Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Husain F , Latif SA , Uddin MM
Published: April 2008

Study was carried out in the department of physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period of July 2006 to June 2007 to investigate the effect of pregnancy on serum total cholesterol. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol was measured in 100 cases of 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy and in a control group of 100 cases of non pregnant women which was matched on reproductive age. Data were analyzed by computer with SPSS program using unpaired studentt test. The results showed that the pregnant women had significantly higher concentrations of serum total cholesterol. Higher concentration of total cholesterol was more common in pregnant than control and reaching maximum at 3rd trimester of pregnancy.

This may be a purely physiological response to pregnancy or it may be indicative of pathology in some women. These results deserve a follow up study to investigative whether the hypercholesterolemia persists after parturition.

Key Words: Total cholesterol, pregnancy, parturition, hypercholesterolemia

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):1-4.
Assessment of Percentage Saturation of Hemoglobin with Oxygen in Arterial Blood of Pregnant Women
Authors: Sunyal DK , Amin MR , Molla MH , Ahmed A , Ferdousi S , Khatun F
Published: April 2008

Objective: Percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in arterial blood (SaO2) was studied in pregnant women to evaluate the lung function status in pregnancy.

Methods: This study was conducted in the department of physiology in Dhaka medical college during July 2004 to June 2005. For this purpose total 32 women with age ranged 25-35 years without any recent history of respiratory diseases were selected from Dhaka city. Eight (8) age matched apparently healthy women was taken as control and Twenty four (24) normal pregnant women without any complication were included in experimental group. All pregnant subjects were studied during first, second and third trimester. SaO2 was determined by Easy Blood Gas Auto Analyzer. SaO2 during different trimesters were compared with that of non pregnant and also among the trimesters. Statistical analysis was done by students unpaired t test.

Result: Mean ±SD SaO2 during first trimester (97.73%±0.92), second trimester (98.05%±0.54) and third trimester (98.40%±0.30) were progressively increasing and were significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.001) than that of non pregnant women (96.71±0.63). But no statistically significant differences were observed among the trimesteric values. The present result indicates increased lung function in pregnant women associated with progressively increased oxygen saturation with trimester. Higher progesterone level is related to increased ventilation which is more marked in luteal phase of menstrual cycle. In pregnant women gradually rising progesterone level reaches its peak at the later part of pregnancy.

Conclusion: Therefore it may be concluded from the present study that progressively increased SaO2 might be related to hyperventilation induced by high progesterone level.

Key words: Pregnant women, trimester, progesterone

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):10-13.
Evaluation of Serum Triglyceride and Total Cholesterol Status in Adolescent Smoker
Authors: Afrin L , Sultana R , Ferdousi S , Ahmed A , Amin MR
Published: April 2008

Objectives: A cross sectional comparative study was performed to evaluate the changes of the serum lipid profile in apparently healthy adolescent male non smokers and smokers subjects.

Method: This study was carried out in the department of Physiology of Dhaka Medical College from January to December 2005. For this purpose, total 80 subjects with age range 12-19 years were selected, of whom 20 were non smokers (control) and 60 were smokers (experimental) who smoked for at least one year. Again smokers were grouped according to the number of cigarettes smoked per week, ( mild < 19, moderate 20-59, heavy >60). Fasting serum Triglyceride and total Cholesterol levels of all subjects were measured. Data were compared between smokers and non smokers and between non smoker and mild moderate and heavy smokers and analyzed statistically by unpaired t test.

Result: Mean ±SD Triglyceride levels were136.80mg/dl ± 42.18 vs. 153.12mg/dl ± 26.66 and Mean ±SD Total Cholesterol levels were 165.20mg/dl ± 15.13 vs165.36mg/dl ± 10.12 in non smokers and smokers respectively. there were no significant changes in the mean serum total cholesterol levels in adolescent smokers but the mean serum triglyceride level in smokers were significantly higher (p<0.01 )than that of non smokers. hyper Triglyceridemia (TG level> 150mg/dl) were observed in 56% of smoker subjects whereas 36% in non smokers. The dose response effect of smoking was observed in serum triglyceride levels of smoker subgroups. Mean ±SD TG levels in mild, moderate, heavy groups were 148.15mg/dl± 21.32,152.8mg/dl± 29.49,154.12mg/dl± 23.75 respectively.

Conclusion: From the result of the present study it may be concluded that, cigarette smoking during adolescent period induces alteration in serum lipid levels in the direction of increased risk for coronary artery disease.

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):14-18
Studies on Serum Creatinine and Creatinine Clearance in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Sarkar D , Latif SA , Aich J , Uddin MM
Published: April 2008

Objectives: To assess the serum creatinine and creatinine clearance values in hypertensive patients for providing information to the health-policy planners, clinical practitioners about the importance of routine monitoring of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance in hypertensive patients for prevention of ESRD and other consequences to combat morbidity and mortality and to reinforce the need to consider these parameters in daily clinical practice. Study design: It was a cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was conducted at Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Mymensingh Medical College, Medicine Unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Study period: The period of the study was January 2005 to December 2005. Participants: A total number of seventy subjects were included in this study. Out of 70 subjects, 40 (forty) were hypertensive patients and 30 (thirty) were normotensive & healthy controls. Intervention: The subjects were selected on the basis of history and clinical examination. Convenient sampling technique was applied. During visit the available hypertensive patients and controls (normotensive & healthy) those who were present were selected. Having received their written consent they were interviewed & examined by prepared personal data sheet and sample of blood (after overnight fasting) was drawn for biochemical examination. Main outcome measure: Mean values of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. Result: Serum creatinine was greater in hypertensive than those of normotensive. Creatinine clearance was less in hypertensive than those of normotensive. Serum creatinine & creatinine clearance in between males hypertensive & control shows that CrCl were statistically significant but not the serum creatinine. In females of hypertensive & control shows no differences in case of SCr & CrCl. Among 40 hypertensive the number of Getting treatment - regular &  Getting treatment-irregular was 14 (35%) & 26 (65%) respectively. Similarly in patients suffering less than 5 yrs and suffering 5 yrs & above the differences are also not statistically significant. Conclusion: The observations of this study revealed that most of the hypertensive patients were taking treatment irregularly and there was significant alteration of biochemical parameters in hypertensive patients. Therefore, for routine monitoring of hypertensive patients to prevent the end stage renal disease (ESRD) and other consequences, the reinforcement of the investigations of these parameters may be recommended in daily clinical practice.

Key Words: Hypertension, creatinine, creatinine clearance, Cockcroft-Gault formula

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):19-26.
Micro Vascular Changes in the Placenta of Bangladeshi Overt Diabetic Mothers and Hypertensive Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Rahman H , Khalil M , Ferdousi R , Uddin M , Chowdhury MM , Sultana SZ , Mannan S
Published: April 2008

It is a significant medical problem when Pregnancy is complicated by diabetes and/or hypertension which affect not only affecting maternal health, but also jeopardizing fetal normalcy? The placenta being the bridge between maternal fetal activities, this structure is considered as a window through which understanding of maternal dysfunctions as well as of their impacts on fetal wellbeing can be obtained. And as it is an almost all-vessel organ, its functional status depends primarily on the structural status of its vessels. To observe vascular changes in the placenta, a study was carried out on 44 placentas.19 from overt diabetic mothers having no hypertension and 5 from hypertensive diabetic mothers, and 20 from control group having no hypertension or diabetes. These were collected just after delivery though caesarian section. Microscopic findings of the study were that there was a trend of greater intimal thickness at the second branching site in the overt diabetes group than the control group. But at the first and last branching site this tendency was reversed. But none of these tendencies reached statistical significance. In case of the hypertensive diabetes group, there was a tendency of greater intimal thickness at the first, second and last branching sites as compared to the control group. Hypertensive diabetes group also showed significantly greater intimal thickness at first and last branching sites than the overt diabetes group.

Key words: Placenta, diabetes, blood vessels, hypertension

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):27-34
Review on Organ Transplantation and Ethical Issues
Authors: Rahman MM
Published: April 2008

J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):35-39.
Stereoselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,6‐Dienes
Authors: Böing Christian , Hahne Julia , Franciò Giancarlo , Leitner Walter
Published: April 2008

Highly stereoselective cycloisomerization of 1,6‐dienes with a catalyst system based on [Ni(allyl)(cod)][BARF] and Wilke’s azaphospholene all‐(R)‐1 is described. Unprecedented high enantiomeric excesses of up to 91% were obtained for the formation of five‐membered cyclic products from symmetrically substituted 1,6‐dienes. High chemo‐ and regioselectivities were achieved also for unsymmetrically 1,6‐dienes substituted in terminal position leading again to five‐membered cyclic products in fair to very good yields. Cycloisomerization products were subjected to sequential hydroboration as well as hydrogenation of the exo‐methylene functional group. Promising diastereoselectivities were achieved and these reaction sequences could be efficiently performed in a one‐pot procedure.
The impact of valve tray geometry on the interfacial area of mass transfer
Authors: Liang Yin‐Chun , Zhou Zheng , Shao Min , Geng Jiao , Wu You‐Ting , Zhang Zhi‐Bing
Published: April 2008

The interfacial area of mass transfer is one of the key parameters in valve tray design, and the valve geometry is the important structural parameter that determines the interfacial area. In this work, the hydrodynamic and mass‐transfer characteristics of three different types of valve trays are investigated. The mechanism of bubbles deformation and breakage in the turbulent dispersion system is theoretically analyzed on the basis of Kolmogoroff's isotropic turbulence hypothesis, and a novel model is proposed to predict the interfacial area. The results show that the simulation results agree well with the experimental data. In contrast to most of the conventional models, the present model is capable of evaluating the effects of valve configuration on the interfacial area. The model is expected to guide effectively the design of valve trays which is widely applied nowadays. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2008
Cyclic CO2 capture by limestone‐derived sorbent during prolonged calcination/carbonation cycling
Authors: Sun Ping , Lim C. Jim , Grace John R.
Published: April 2008

The performance of limestone‐derived CaO during many (>1000 in some cases) calcination and carbonation cycles is reported. After 150 cycles, the calcium utilization during carbonation reached a minimum value between 4 and 17%, with the asymptotic level depending strongly on the carbonation time. With the aid of mechanistic studies including investigations on sorbent surface topology by SEM and mercury intrusion, a mechanism for pore evolution during the cyclic capture is proposed consistent with the experimental observations. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
o‐Carboxybenzoylferrocene. Bioactivity and chemical Modifications
Authors: Simenel Alexander A. , Samarina Svetlana V. , Snegur Lubov' V. , Starikova Zoya A. , Ostrovskaya Larissa A. , Bluchterova Natalia V. , Fomina Margarita M.
Published: April 2008

The antitumor activity of o‐carboxybenzoylferrocene sodium salt (1) was studied in vivo. Interaction between o‐carboxybenzoylferrocene (2) and N,N′‐carbonyldiimidazole in boiling methylene dichloride leads to 3‐(N‐imidazolyl)‐3‐ferrocenylisobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐one (5). The structure of compound 5 was established by X‐ray analysis. Aminolysis of compound 5 in toluene gave rise to ferrocenoylbenzamides (6a–d)–derivatives of dimethylamine, piperidine, pyrrolidine and morpholine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irradiation‐induced grafting of polyacrylamide onto the sulphonated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SPPO) films as well as its use as catalytical layer in a bipolar membrane
Authors: Chen Guangwen , Xu Tongwen , Liu Junsheng
Published: April 2008

The sulfonated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SPPO) was modified by γ‐ray irradiation‐reduced grafting of polyacrylamide. The grafting reaction was proved by the elemental composition of grafted SPPO, which was determined by XPS data. The influences of both the irradiation dose and the concentration of polymerization inhibitor on grafting copolymerization rate were investigated and the effect of graft rate on water content of SPPO film was fully discussed. Bipolar membranes were prepared by using these grafted SPPO as the cation exchange layers (and thus the grafted polyacrylamide is used as interfacial layer) and their I–V curves were studied. The results showed that γ‐ray irradiation‐reduced grafting copolymerization of acrylamide was one of the most efficient methods to improve the properties of a bipolar membrane. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Outcomes of colorectal anastomoses during pelvic exenteration for gynaecological malignancy
Authors: Lim S-W , Lim S-B , Park J-Y , Park S-Y , Choi H S , Jeong S-Y
Published: April 2008

Background

Although pelvic exenteration is frequently indicated during surgery for gynaecological malignancy, performing a colorectal anastomosis remains contentious because of concern about leakage. This study evaluated the safety of performing a low colorectal anastomosis during pelvic exenteration for gynaecological malignancy.

Methods

Between April 2001 and December 2006, 145 consecutive patients underwent low colorectal anastomosis without (122) or with (23) a stoma after pelvic exenteration for advanced primary or recurrent gynaecological malignancy. Subjects were assessed in terms of five patient-, four disease- and two surgery-related variables. The proportion of patients with each risk factor for leakage was found, and the rate of symptomatic anastomotic leakage was determined.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 53·5 (range 10–77) years and the most common diagnosis was ovarian cancer (77·9 per cent). The mean operating time was 453 (range 145–845) min and the mean blood loss was 1080 (range 110–10 500) ml; 95 patients (65·5 per cent) required a blood transfusion. Of the 145 patients, 81 (55·9 per cent) had patient-related, 94 (64·8 per cent) had disease-related and 67 (46·2 per cent) had surgery-related variables associated with a risk of leakage. Symptomatic anastomotic leakage developed in three patients (2·1 per cent).

Conclusion

Although patients with gynaecological malignancy carry considerable risks associated with anastomotic leakage, carefully executed low colorectal anastomosis during pelvic exenteration was found to be safe.
N‐Terminal Specific Fluorescence Labeling of Proteins through Incorporation of Fluorescent Hydroxy Acid and Subsequent Ester Cleavage
Authors: Watanabe Takayoshi , Miyata Yoichi , Abe Ryoji , Muranaka Norihito , Hohsaka Takahiro
Published: April 2008

We have developed a novel method to attach a fluorescent label at the N terminus of proteins through a four‐base codon‐mediated incorporation of a fluorescent hydroxy acid and subsequent cleavage of the ester bond in a cell‐free translation system. We found that a fluorescent‐labeled p‐amino‐L‐phenyllactic acid was successfully incorporated downstream of N‐terminal tag peptides in response to a CGGG codon, and the tag peptides could be removed through ester cleavage to leave the fluorescent hydroxy acid at the N terminus of the proteins. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that ester cleavage occurred spontaneously during the translation reaction. The efficiency of the ester cleavage and the yield of the labeled proteins were dependent on the peptide tag sequence. We demonstrate that the insertion of an asparagine residue between the N‐terminal T7 tag and the fluorescent hydroxy acid achieved both quantitative ester cleavage and efficient expression of the labeled proteins. The present method is a potential tool for N‐terminal specific labeling of proteins with various compounds.
Metal‐Mediated Formation of Carbon–Halogen Bonds
Authors: Vigalok Arkadi
Published: April 2008

Organic halides represent basic starting materials for numerous metal‐catalyzed organic transformations. Generally, the carbon–halogen is broken in the first step, that is, an oxidative addition reaction, of the catalytic cycle. On the other hand, very little is known about the reverse reaction, carbon–halogen reductive elimination from a transition‐metal center. In this Concept article, we describe the examples of C(sp3)halide and C(sp2)halide reductive‐elimination reactions which demonstrate that this type of reactivity can be quite common in organometallic chemistry. Although the thermodynamic driving force for the formation of carbon–halogen bonds is relatively small, the kinetic barrier for these reactions can also be low. Thus, Chalide reductive elimination can compete favorably with the more established organic transformations, such as CC reductive elimination.
Fullerene C60–Perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) Light‐Harvesting Dyads: Spacer‐Length and Bay‐Substituent Effects on Intramolecular Singlet and Triplet Energy Transfer
Authors: Baffreau Jérôme , Leroy‐Lhez Stéphanie , Vân Anh Nguyên , Williams René M. , Hudhomme Piétrick
Published: April 2008

Novel covalent fullerene C60–perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (C60–PDI) dyads (1–4) were synthesized and characterized. Their electrochemical and photophysical properties were investigated. Electrochemical studies show that the reduction potential of PDI can be tuned relative to C60 by molecular engineering through altering the substituents on the PDI bay region. It was demonstrated using steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy that a quantitative, photoinduced energy transfer takes place from the PDI moiety, acting as a light‐harvesting antenna, to the C60 unit, playing the role of energy acceptor. The bay‐substitution (tetrachloro [1 and 2] or tetra‐tert‐butylphenoxy [3 and 4]) of the PDI antenna and the linkage length (C2 [1 and 3] or C5 [2 and 4]) to the C60 acceptor are important parameters in the kinetics of energy transfer. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy indicates singlet–singlet energy‐transfer times (from the PDI to the C60 unit) of 0.4 and 5 ps (1), 4.5 and 27 ps (2), 0.8 and 12 ps (3), and 7 and 50 ps (4), these values being ascribed to two different conformers for each C60–PDI system. Subsequent triplet–triplet energy‐transfer times (from the C60 unit to the PDI) are slower and in the order of 0.8 ns (1), 6.2 ns (2), 2.7 ns (3), and 9 ns (4). Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy of final PDI triplet states show a marked influence of the bay substitution (tetrachloro‐ or tetra‐tert‐butylphenoxy), and triplet‐state lifetimes (10–20 μs) and the PDI triplet quantum yields (0.75–0.52) were estimated. The spectroscopy showed no substantial solvent effect upon comparing toluene (non‐polar) to benzonitrile (polar), indicating that no electron transfer is occurring in these systems.
Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Novel 1,8‐Naphthalimide Derivatives Containing Triphenylamine Moiety as Hole‐Transporting Groups
Authors: LI Lin‐Bo , JI Shun‐Jun , LIU Yu
Published: April 2008

A series of novel 1,8‐naphthalimide derivatives have been synthesized via Suzuki cross‐coupling and characterized by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis, with their luminescent properties, quantum yields and electronic properties also presented. These compounds exhibited orange fluorescence with the maximum wavelengths ranging from 584 to 610 nm and lower HOMO energy level.