bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detailed varied-parameter characterization of the GaAs/AlxGa1–xAs super-multiperiod superlattices by photoreflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Khakhulin S A , Zakharchenko M V , Dashkov A S , Glinskii G F , Komkov O S , Pirogov E V , Sobolev M S , Goray L I , Bouravleuv A D
Published: December 2024

A room-temperature study of the optical transitions in GaAs/AlxGa1–xAs super-multiperiod superlattices (SMP-SLs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy was performed by photoreflectance spectroscopy. The development of devices based on high quality semiconductor SMP-SLs requires a comprehensive understanding of the energy miniband formation in the grown samples. Existing theoretical approaches to modeling the energy spectrum of SMP-SLs do not always correctly describe one in real structures due to the lack of correct information about the energy spectrum. The combination of the results of photoreflectance spectroscopy with the data obtained within the framework of the 8-band Kane theoretical model allows us to get a detailed interpretation of all optical transitions, that was confirmed by the results of the detailed study of GaAs/AlxGa1–xAs SMP-SL samples with different quantum wells and barriers widths.
Structure evolution, thermal stability and diffusion behaviors in Cu-Ta amorphous alloys studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Hao Ziyan , Wang Pengfei , Wu Yifan , Li Jianfeng , Zhang Pingxiang , Wang Yaocen , Cao Chongde
Published: December 2024

Cu-based materials consisting of immiscible elements have been paid much attention due to their high strength and high conductivity. The amorphous layers between Cu and strengthening phases formed through severe deformation play a crucial role in the improvement of properties. In this study, structure evolution, thermal stability of Cu100-xTax (x = 10, 30, 50, and 70 at.%) amorphous alloys and diffusion behaviors of alloys were studied by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. With the Ta concentration rising, the number increase of Cu-Ta and Ta-Ta bonds results in the increase of volume for Cu-Ta amorphous alloys. Ta tends to be soluble in Cu clusters for Cu-rich amorphous alloys while Cu tends to be soluble in Ta clusters for relatively Ta-rich ones. According to energy evolution, the thermal stability of amorphous alloys decreases and then increases as Ta concentration increases. Compared with Cu element, the diffusion of Ta is significantly limited. The differences in thermal stability between Cu-Ta amorphous alloys and diffusion of Cu and Ta elements result in the formation of Ta-rich amorphous alloys after non-equilibrium fabricating. These results could substantively contribute to the development of Cu-based materials and understanding of the interface characteristic of immiscible alloys.
The effect of state preparation on the probe-bath parameters estimation
Authors: Mirza Ali Raza , Al-Khalili Jim
Published: December 2024

Projective measurement is a popular method of initial state preparation, which always prepares a pure state. However, in various physical situations of interest, this selective measurement becomes unrealistic. In this paper, we investigate the role of pulsed measurement (a unitary operation) on the estimation of system-environment parameters and compare the estimation results obtained via projective measurement with the results obtained via unitary operation. We argue that in typical situations, parameters can be estimated with higher accuracy if the initial state is prepared with the unitary operator (a pulse). We consider the spin-spin model in which a central two-level system (probe) interacts with a collection of two-level systems (bath). The probe interacts with the bath and attains thermal equilibrium. Then, via unitary operation, the initial state is prepared which evolves unitarily. The properties of the bath are imprinted on the reduced dynamics. Due to the initial probe-bath correlations present in the thermal equilibrium state, an additional factor arises in the dynamics, which has an important role in the parameter estimation. In this paper, we study the estimation of bath temperature and probe-bath coupling strength which is quantified by the quantum Fisher information. Our results are promising as one can improve the precision of the estimates by orders of magnitude (especially in the coupling strength case) via unitary operation and by incorporating the effect of initial correlations.
Silica modified by SiO2/silicone fluoroethylene acrylate emulsion superhydrophobic coating for electromagnetic wire study on the properties of the composite insulating layer
Authors: Xie Li , Peng Bo , Li Jun
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a silicone-containing fluoroethylene acrylate emulsion was synthesized through emulsion polymerization, and a superhydrophobic coating was prepared by compounding it with modified SiO2 particles. The micromorphology, composition, and hydrophobic properties of the coating surface were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle tests. The results revealed the presence of numerous micro-nanostructures on the coating surface, with a water contact angle of 161 ± 0.5°, indicating the characteristics of a superhydrophobic coating. A superhydrophobic composite insulating layer was created by modifying the quartz fiber insulating layer of electromagnetic wire with the superhydrophobic coating. The quartz fiber-insulated electromagnetic wire, treated with moisture, was evaluated for its insulation and breakdown voltage performance. The findings demonstrate that the superhydrophobic coating significantly reduces moisture absorption in quartz fiber, and the electromagnetic wire, even after moisture treatment, maintains excellent insulation and high breakdown strength, indicating promising applications in the field of electromagnetic wire insulation materials.
Observation and characterization of grain boundaries in monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Ma Hongliang , He Chang , Guo Zihao , Gao Qiang , Wang Xiaojing , Huang Yuan , Ding Jie , Zhang Wendong , Fan Xuge
Published: December 2024

Grain boundaries of MoSe2 impact their electrical, optoelectronic, and mechanical properties. The simple, efficient and rapid method to visualize the large-area grains and grain boundaries in MoSe2 is highly demanded but still lacking. Here, we show a simple, efficient, and rapid method for visualization of large-area grain boundaries in continuous CVD monolayer MoSe2 films that were transferred on a SiO2 substrate. As the monolayer MoSe2 was exposed to vapor hydrofluoric acid (VHF), the VHF diffused through grain boundary-based defects in the MoSe2 films and resulted in differential etching of the SiO2 at the MoSe2 grain boundaries and the SiO2 underneath the MoSe2 grains. The positions of the grain boundaries were prominent owing to the height difference of SiO2 and can be observed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, or Raman spectroscopy. This method would contribute to optimizing the growth process of MoSe2 and its device application.
2D MoS2 for detection of COVID-19 biomarkers – a first-principles study
Authors: Senthilkumar Surya Nagarathinam , Panjulingam Nandhini , Lakshmipathi Senthilkumar
Published: December 2024

This study investigates specific compounds in the breath that can indicate COVID-19 and lung cancer. Heptanal (C7H14O), acetone (C3H6O), propanol-1 (CH3CH2CH2OH), butanal (C3H7CHO), isopropanol (CH3CHOHCH3), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), 2,4-octadiene (C8H14), and ethyl butyrate (C6H12O2) were studied. We analyze how these compounds interact using two-dimensional (2D) 2H and SV-MoS2 monolayers through first-principles calculations. Van der Waals forces bind all VOCs on the MoS2 surface in vacuum and humid conditions. The decrease in the band gap of the MoS2-VOC complex in these environments enhances sensitivity. The complexes of 2,4-octadiene, propanol-1, and ethyl butanoate are more conductive because their work function is lower, and their V(z) shift is more significant. The adsorption isotherm demonstrates the potential for surface reuse in sensing applications. The study confirms high sensitivity (>85%) and fast recovery time (up to 70 femtoseconds) for detecting in visible (VL) and ultraviolet (UV) regions. Mainly, 2,4-octadiene exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity. In conclusion, the 2H and SV MoS2 monolayers effectively detect COVID-19 and lung cancer markers in vacuum and humid conditions.
Effects of N/Ne impurity seeding on the divertor asymmetry in HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Tan Qingyi , Ye Haoran , Gong Xueyu , Zhong Yijun , Huang Qianhong , Wang Zhe , Cao Chengzhi , Wang Zhanhui , Fu Cailong , Xu Min , Yang Tao
Published: December 2024

Divertor asymmetry is a major challenge in achieving high-power, long-pulse discharges in future fusion reactors. Impurity seeding is the most common method for achieving divertor detachment in fusion devices. In this study, the SOLPS-ITER code is used to investigate the impact mechanisms of nitrogen (N) and neon (Ne) impurity seeding on the asymmetry between the inner and outer divertor in HL-2A under the attached and detached divertor conditions. Results indicate that N and Ne impurity seeding can increase asymmetry of energy and particle flux between the inner and outer targets. The trend in the energy flux ratio between the inner and outer targets is consistent with that of the particle flux ratio. Research indicates that under the attached divertor condition, the increase in energy flux asymmetry due to impurity seeding is primarily influenced by the electron temperatures between the inner and outer targets. However, when under the detached divertor condition, the increased asymmetry in energy and particle flux is primarily attributed to impurity seeding, which narrows the ion source generation in the inner divertor while broadening the ion sink region compared to the outer divertor.
Effects of white and red thyme oils against biofilm isolated from mineral plaster
Authors: Kobetičová K , Fišer A , Burianová I , Fraňková A
Published: December 2024

This study compared the effects of white and red thyme oil against natural biofilm. Thyme oil contains various volatile biologically active substances that can affect the growth of biofilm (algae, cyanobacteria, bacteria). In the first step, white thyme oil was therefore tested in flasks using a plastic lid (air-tight) or a cotton plug (air-permeable). The aim was to determine whether the method of closing the test containers affects the amount of biomass obtained. This was measured using a spectrometer at a wavelength of 750 nm. The results showed a clear positive effect of the cotton plug on the growth of the biofilm without a significant effect on the inhibition rate of the tested oil concentration. In the next step, the algicidal effectiveness of white and red thyme oil (10 mg/L and 100 mg/L) against biofilm was compared. The results showed a higher efficiency of red oil. Therefore, red thyme oil was selected for further research.
Cylindrical model of heat transfer in honeycomb structures with microencapsulated phase change material
Authors: Mihálka P , Slávik R , Čurpek J , Čekon M , Matiašovský P
Published: December 2024

The efficiency of a photovoltaic cell decreases with increased temperature. Excessive overheating caused by the absorption of incident solar radiation reduces the production of electricity. One of the ways to keep the panel cooler is to dissipate the heat from its backside. An aluminium honeycomb structure filled with microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) can dissipate enough heat to reduce overheating and improve the efficiency of the solar cell. Designing of Building’s Integrated Photovoltaic systems with PCM requires complex calculations considering wide variety of conditions. Finite element method (FEM) provides a robust tool, but this approach requires a very complex mesh domain due to the thin aluminium wall of the honeycomb structure, as well as iterative calculation process of boundary conditions accounting for complex convective and radiative heat transfer. Both require extensive computation time and FEM are not effective. The paper presents simplified cylindrical heat transfer model, which allows for faster computing with similar results. Comparison of compliance and computation times are included.
The use of light and scanning electron microscopy for the analysis of historical plasters
Authors: Böhm M , Krejsová J , Šál J , Javorský D , Všianský D
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the possibilities of using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to characterize historical lime-based plasters from the first half of the 20th century. The paper compares these methods and evaluates the advantages and limitations of each technique. The experiments carried out showed that, in addition to determining the elemental composition in specific layers and phases of the plaster, other important information can be analyzed by electron microscopy. It is also possible to identify admixtures or detect cracks, which is necessary to assess the effect of aging on the plaster and ensure its proper renovation.
Kaolin-based glass-ceramic glaze for cordierite based high-voltage insulators
Authors: Csáki Š , Žilinec M , Vozár L , Trník A
Published: December 2024

With the increase in the demand for electricity the improvement of the distribution system also starts to get special attention. Electricity is transferred over long distances; thus, the distribution related losses should be minimized. Conventional high-voltage alumina insulators have proven their efficiency over the past decades. To prevent the build-up of a conductive surface layer from dust and humidity, glazes are applied to these insulators. These glazes are amorphous, colored, and provide protection to the insulator body. The preparation glass-ceramic glazes requires mixing of initial laboratory grade materials and subsequent melting. However, kaolin contains several of the precursors needed for a preparation of cordierite glass-ceramics. Laboratory grade precursors were added to kaolin to obtain a composition close to that of cordierite. The mixtures prepared in the frame of the present paper exhibited good melting behavior (<1350°C), making them promising candidates to produce glass-ceramic glaze for high-voltage insulators.
Observation furnace for the monitoring of the melting process of glass-ceramic precursors
Authors: Žilinec M , Csáki Š , Ondruška J
Published: December 2024

Glass-ceramic glazes achieve better mechanical and electrical properties compared to the traditional glazes. Nevertheless, they have not been employed for the surface treatment of high-voltage insulators so far. For the production of glass-ceramic glaze, it is necessary to melt the precursor mixture, and then quickly cool it to form the so-called frits. Afterwards, the glass-ceramic glaze is prepared from the as-prepared frits. Therefore, it is important, that the chemical composition of frits is consistent with the chemical composition of the future glass-ceramic glaze. Moreover, in order to minimize the energy needed for the preparation of the frits, the melting of the raw materials needs to be studied and adjusted. A melting temperature not exceeding 1400 °C is desirable, as the firing temperature of the ceramic insulators is ∼1350 °C. This paper presents and describes the equipment used for the observation of the melting progress of ceramic samples during the thermal treatment.
The Characterization of Properties of Hard Historical Renders
Authors: Pokorný J , Fořt J , Šál J , Javorský D
Published: December 2024

Rendering materials combine two fundamental functions – create protective layers on a substrate and provide decorative and architectural appear of a building’s facade. In particular, many historical buildings are unique with their facades due to the incorporation of different decorative elements, such as plinths, lining cronies, reliefs etc. The composition of mortars used for renders contained many different components in view of binders and filler materials in the past. This fact in combination with conditions which are facades exhibited (weathering, increased moisture and others) effect their appear and overall durability. This paper is focused on the collection procedure of historical renders from two buildings located in the South bohemian region, and further the description and discussion of physical and mechanical properties of rendering materials samples are provided. These pilot data showed that one of examined buildings to some repairs were subjected historically, and for the second one partially different materials from the point of in their quality were used, although the outer facade layer (stucco) was uniform. The mapping of historical renders properties is essential for obtaining important data set for formulation of compatible composites intended for renovation interventions and local repairs.
A formula for the moisture diffusivity from a pore model
Authors: Medveď I , Černý R.
Published: December 2024

We derive an explicit formula for the moisture diffusivity of building porous materials using a general pore model that we proposed in a previous study. Since the model is applicable to a general pore curve, we apply it here to a pore curve that can be approximated by error function modified by an initial linear decrease. This is an extension of a case in which the linear decrease is neglected. To demonstrate the application of the results, we apply them to a simple unimodal pore curve measured for a fired ceramic brick.
The potential of using artificial intelligence in the processing of data measured by TDR for mass moisture conversion of porous building materials
Authors: Mikušová D , Suchorab Z , Trník A , Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk M
Published: December 2024

Accurate determination of moisture in buildings helps to prevent many problems, structural or health and hygiene. The Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique can be used to determine moisture in buildings. This technique offers the possibility to perform measurements directly in the field without major destruction of the measured buildings. This technique is an indirect measurement technique, where the apparent permittivity of the environment is measured. To convert apparent permittivity into moisture content (volumetric or mass), empirical or physical models are used. Empirical models are developed specifically for the measured material and show greater accuracy than physical models. A prerequisite for the correct determination of moisture is a model with the greatest possible accuracy. This paper presents the possibility of using Machine Learning in the processing of data measured by TDR for volumetric water content. Machine Learning as a subdomain of Artificial Intelligence creates a mathematical model for predicting new data based on input and output data. This potential is precisely due to the model’s ability to learn from training data.
Controlling the fineness of synthesized tricalcium aluminate for cement addition
Authors: Scheinherrová L , Černá D , Šteffek M , Beneš M , Krejsová J
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a study on the laboratory synthesis of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) at temperatures ranging from 1300 to 1450 °C. The resulting C3A product exhibited variations in morphology, mineral composition, and hardness depending on the synthesis temperature. The primary objective of this research is to demonstrate methods for controlling the fineness of the synthesized C3A. Several approaches were employed and systematically compared. Additionally, a novel functional technique is proposed to achieve optimal particle size distribution curves, ensuring the suitability of C3A for cement applications.
The influence of 3D printing temperature on the impact strength of polylactide
Authors: Paśnikowska-Łukaszuk M , Urzędowski A , Szulżyk-Cieplak J , Wlazło M , Zaburko J
Published: December 2024

3D printing is one of the most developing technologies currently. There are many materials present on the market that allow you to get quite good and durable prints. One of the most commonly used materials is polylactide. The article presents the results of research on the influence of 3D stamping temperature on the impact strength of PLA filament using the Charpy test method. The paper presents the results of the impact strength of PLA samples as a function of printing temperature. In the paper compare samples printed at temperatures of 185 °C, 200 °C, and 210 °C. The highest moment of force was obtained for the 5th sample printed at a temperature of 185 °C, and the lowest for the 5th sample printed at a temperature of 200 °C, however, the values between subsequent measurements differ by a maximum of 0.11 [kpm].
Overview on the environmental impact of used engine oil
Authors: Armioni D M , Raţiu S A , Benea M L , Puţan V
Published: December 2024

The environmental impact of used engine oil encompasses multifaceted repercussions on soil, water, and air quality, constituting a significant concern in contemporary environmental discourse. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the harmful effects deriving from the improper disposal and leakage of used engine oil. Soil contamination occurs when toxic substances like heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other hazardous substances are introduced into the soil, disrupting microbial communities, soil structure, and nutrient cycles. Concurrently, water bodies face contamination through runoff and direct discharge, leading to aquatic ecosystem disruption, bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, and potential harm to human health. Furthermore, volatilization and incomplete combustion of used engine oil contribute to air pollution, releasing harmful gases and particulate matter, exacerbating respiratory ailments and contributing to global climate change. Mitigation strategies, including proper recycling, disposal protocols, and adoption of cleaner technologies, are imperative to alleviate the environmental burden posed by used engine oil. By synthesizing current research findings and highlighting the interconnectedness of soil, water, and air pollution, this article underscores the urgency for holistic approaches in addressing the environmental impact of used engine oil, emphasizing the imperative of sustainable practices to safeguard ecosystems and public health.
Cavitation erosion influence on fatigue life of a high strength structural steel
Authors: Bordeasu I , Cernescu A , Ghera C , Opris C , Pirvulescu L.D
Published: December 2024

Cavitation erosion is a severe phenomenon of hydrodynamic equipment, determining their removal from use due to the continuous damage of the materials from which they are made. Intensive research is carried out to characterize the cavitation erosion phenomenon and also to determine the cavitation erosion strength of materials. These researches highlighted that the material damage through cavitation is characterized by fracture mechanisms specific to low-cycle fatigue. Few studies are reported on the combined action of cavitation erosion and mechanical loads. For this reason, the paper presents a study on the influence of cavitation erosion on the fatigue behaviour of a structural high-strength steel. Fatigue tests were performed on two sets of samples, eroded by cavitation and non-eroded. The results highlighted a different influence of cavitation erosion on fatigue life of the material, depending on the magnitude of the variable stress.
The Impact of Basalt Mesh on the Strength of Plywood
Authors: Talić H , Ćehić M
Published: December 2024

The favorable characteristics of veneer boards—plywood—enable their wide application. There is also the possibility of enhancing plywood, such as by coating it with various films, applying coatings, reinforcing it with fibers from different materials, and using improved adhesive formulas. Basalt fibers, as a natural and environmentally friendly material, are used in various forms with quite good characteristics. Results from various tests conducted in recent years indicate an improvement in the mechanical properties of composite boards, including plywood reinforced with fibers like basalt fibers. These tests were focused on determining the position and contribution of basalt fibers in the board’s structure, as well as the application of certain environmentally friendly adhesives. For this study, samples of composite material based on wood, specifically plywood reinforced with a basalt mesh, were prepared. The basalt mesh was placed within the plywood structure in various combinations of position and amount. Subsequently, a three-point bending strength test was conducted to determine the impact of the basalt mesh on the strength of the plywood. The increase in strength opens up possibilities for expanded use, material savings, and a reduction in the overall weight of the structure, which is crucial in certain applications of such boards.
Tests and analysis of the results of the mechanical properties of various aluminium alloys
Authors: Islamovic Cavkic B , Mijovic B , Bajramovic E
Published: December 2024

It is essential to know the mechanical properties of a material used in a structure to determine its purpose and lifespan. These properties largely depend on the material’s creation process and chemical composition. The verification of mechanical properties is done by performing standard test methods. These tests confirm if the material’s characteristic properties stated in certificates and other documents from the supplier are accurate. This paper explains the procedure of experimental testing of different aluminum alloys through tensile tests using standard test tubes made of three types of alloys - EN AW 5083, EN AW 6082, and EN AW 7075. The test results are shown diagrammatically as the elongation-stress dependence and the values of the fundamental mechanical properties were read. The methodology of experiments according to the standards for this type of test was covered, and finally, the analysis and comparison of the results obtained were performed depending on the type of material.
Determination of the aerodynamic drag coefficient for objects with real and scaled dimensions on the example of two vehicle bodywork concepts
Authors: Marzec M , Maćkowiak P , Ziółkowski D
Published: December 2024

With the development of motorization and the increase in vehicle speed, determining aerodynamic drag has become a key element in optimizing car design. Reducing air drag has a direct impact on fuel consumption, performance, and vehicle safety. The aim of this work is to numerically verify the effect of the Reynolds number on the obtained values of the aerodynamic drag coefficient Cd for both real-world objects and their models in a scale of 1:10. An additional aim is to compare the obtained results of numerical tests for 2 exemplary concepts of racing car bodywork.
Development of a sub-mm particle tracking detector based on a plastic scintillator with SiPM charge sharing
Authors: Gargiulo R. , Ciccarella Vittoria , Di Meco Elisa , Diociaiuti Eleonora , Sarra Ivano
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the development and performance of the
particle tracker employing a 3×3 cm2 plastic scintillator
tile with sixteen 4×4 mm2 SiPMs coupled to one of its
faces. The light distribution inside the scintillator allows to
reconstruct the hit position using charge information of all the
SiPMs. Performance tests were conducted at the Frascati National
Laboratory Beam Test Facility (LNF-BTF) using a 450 MeV electron
beam. The device showed MIP-counting capabilities, high efficiency
(96%), good timing (170 ps) and sub-mm resolution in the x-y
coordinates.
Under a not so white sky: visual impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection
Authors: Lemon Ansar , Keith David W , Albers Steve
Published: December 2024

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) could change the sky’s appearance. This could play a role in shaping public perception of SAI. Noticeability depends strongly on tropospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the amount of SAI used. We aim to quantify the noticeability of changes in sky color and brightness due to SAI. We use a 3D visible light radiative transfer package to generate cloudless sky images during high sun, sunset, and twilight under SAI from the reference point of a ground observer. We consider three aerosol types: H2SO4, CaCO3, and diamond. We consider stratospheric aerosol loadings required to produce radiative forcings of −1, −2, and −4 W m−2. We use population density and AOD data to compute the distribution of AODs people experience and then simulate sky images for the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of that distribution. We compare the simulated changes in color and brightness to experimental measurements of minimum thresholds humans can detect. The three aerosol types cause similar changes, except most notably the diamond aerosol increases brightness of the solar aureole by roughly three to five times less than do H2SO4 or CaCO3. During high sun, sky whitening from sulfate SAI at −2 W m−2 is undetectable for roughly half of observers chosen randomly from the global population. For the remainder of the population, we expect whitening to still be unnoticeable for all but perhaps the most astute observers aided by color samples. Brightening and enlargement of the solar aureole is the most visible feature during high sun for H2SO4 and CaCO3, while changes near twilight would be the most noticeable impact of SAI. We cannot evaluate the fraction of the population who would notice these changes.
Digitalization in the Context of Sustainable Development and Overcoming the Consequences of Covid-19 in Ukraine
Authors: Podolchak Nazar , Karkovska Veronika , Tsygylyk Natalia , Martyniuk Volodymyr , Dziurakh Yurii
Published: December 2024

The study analyzes the level of digital transformation in the regions of Ukraine based on a cluster analysis of key DESI subindices. Significant discrepancies in the levels of digitalization between different regions were identified, which are explained by economic development, infrastructure capabilities, and the impact of military actions in the east of the country since February 2022. Regions such as Dnipropetrovsk, Lviv, and Kyiv demonstrate high levels of digital transformation due to active implementation of digital technologies and investments in infrastructure. Recommendations are proposed to address digital inequality and enhance the digital capabilities of regions, which is a crucial step toward the sustainable development of Ukraine and its integration into the EU.
Conceptual principles of ecologically safe development of aquaculture
Authors: Iermakova Olga , Zhuvahina Iryna , Metelytsia Volodymyr , Dmytryshyn Roman
Published: December 2024

In the past, when the aquaculture industry was just beginning to develop in the world, the main goal of fish farming was to provide the population with food. The development of fish farming led to the emergence of environmental problems, which made it necessary to include the factor of environmental safety, along with economic and social factors, into the agenda of the development of the aquaculture sector. The purpose of this study is to determine the conceptual basis for the implementation of environmental safety principles for the development of the aquaculture sector. The article examines the peculiarities of aquaculture development in terms of modern ecological concepts, the mutual influence of factors of ecologically safe market-oriented development of aquaculture, the sustainable development model of the aquaculture sector is proposed, the tools for ensuring ecologically safe market-oriented development of the aquaculture sector are systematized.
Regulation of Rural Competitiveness Development in Fishery and Animal Husbandry Exports
Authors: Koval Viktor , Dmytryshyn Roman , Srivastava Pankaj , Vdovenko Natalia , Alekseieva Kateryna , Grabovski Dmytro
Published: December 2024

The study examines the influence of the state oversight of rural development on the export of agricultural products in the new conditions of international trade and decentralisation. The key areas and priorities of the government oversight of fisheries, organic aquaculture, and animal husbandry adjusted to secure food supply in individual foreign countries are revealed. Calculations confirm that exports to Europe account for a significant share of deliveries and, from 1996 to 2021, by about 9.9 times, to Asia increased by about 2.7 times. The study suggests ways of improving rural development regulation for domestic alternatives to agricultural imports, considering decentralisation and the impact of international trade. The domestic agricultural sector faces instability due to its reliance on imported products and the pressures of international market competition. and livestock farming in many countries. Decentralisation of regulation and agriculture management leads to efficiency, sustainability and competitiveness.
Development of a methodology for calculating the consumption of a combined renewable energy source for a mini–workshop
Authors: Savchenko M , Radchuk O , Gerasimenko V , Chepizhnyi A
Published: December 2024

A methodology for calculating the consumption of combined alternative energy sources is proposed. The provision of electrical energy to the mini–workshop area for 7 hours a day with equipment that constantly consumes 5.5 kW of electricity was considered. The amount of electrical power needed to meet daily needs has been calculated. It is Rd = 38.5 kWh. Solar stations’ daily solar energy output is determined by considering the required backup power. It is Rst = Rd ·2 = 77.0 kWh. The total power of the solar panels is found. It is Rsp = 9.7 kW. The number of solar panels for the proposed Solar LR5-54HTH-435M example is calculated as several panels Nnp = 23.3 pieces. An inverter with more than 5.5 kW was selected in the given example. Anern EVO-6200 has a power of 6.2 kW and an input for connecting a 48 V battery. Its technical characteristics are presented. A scheme for connecting 24 solar panels was proposed, connecting 12 in series into one electrical circuit. There should be two such chains that are connected in parallel. The calculation is made for a Jarrett 120Ah 12V battery. Its capacity is Rb = 1440 Wh. The battery has the technical ability to store 1440 Wh of electrical energy. The batteries should be Nb = 17.4 pieces ≈ 20 to provide a mini–workshop. The choice of a storage station with 20 pieces of Jarrett 120Ah 12V batteries was justified.
The Role of Infrastructure in Realizing Cultural Tourism in North Kalimantan: A Literature Review
Authors: Priyana Efraim Bavo , Prihartanto Eko
Published: December 2024

Cultural tourism has become a significant economic driver, especially in regions rich in cultural heritage, such as North Kalimantan. However, inadequate infrastructure remains a significant obstacle to fully utilizing the cultural tourism potential of this region. This article reviews existing literature to identify the key types of infrastructure necessary for supporting cultural tourism development. By focusing on the North Kalimantan region, this review discusses the impact of infrastructure on tourist experiences, highlights critical challenges such as geographical limitations and funding constraints, and explores opportunities for sustainable tourism development. The findings suggest that investments in transportation, accommodation, and cultural preservation infrastructure are essential to unlocking the region’s tourism potential and improving the overall tourist experience.
The Impact of the Lime Processing Industry on the Basic Infrastructure of Residential Areas in Puger District
Authors: Ratnaningsih Anik , Novi Listyawati Ratih , Widodo Soetjipto Jojok , Fitriah Lailatul
Published: December 2024

The limestone potential in Puger District serves as an economic attraction, ranging from household-scale lime processing to international cement production. Consequently, residential areas in the industrial zone have been increasing annually. The Job Creation Law emphasizes that residential areas should have adequate infrastructure and public utilities, making infrastructure planning crucial around the dry and dusty limestone hills. Mobilizing vehicles transporting limestone affects road quality and damages drainage systems, compromising water quality. Effective planning is essential to maintain infrastructure sustainability and prevent damage from the limestone industry. This article examines the impact of lime processing industries on basic infrastructure in residential areas, including road networks, drainage, sanitation, clean water, and waste management. The research utilizes the Likert scale to assess changes in infrastructure quality, followed by the Pareto method to identify dominant factors and triangulation for area planning recommendations. Findings indicate that all infrastructure is in moderate condition, with Pareto analysis revealing that 75% of the infrastructure is significantly affected, particularly in roads, clean water, and waste management. Recommendations include conducting a Level of Service (LOS) analysis for road infrastructure and integrating road paving with drainage lighting. It is advised to combine primary, secondary, and tertiary systems for drainage. Equitable distribution of the regional water supply system (PDAM) and regular water quality testing are recommended in clean water management. Increasing waste banks and strategically placing trash bins in public areas is suggested for waste management.
Rock Mass Classification for an ultra-high concrete arch dam: Technical and digital methods
Authors: Pöschl Irmina , Weil Jonas , Kleberger Johannes
Published: December 2024

A digital ground model was elaborated for the design and construction phase of the Yusufeli Hydropower Project in Turkey, including a 275m high double curvature arch concrete dam. For the executive dam design the geotechnical model had to deliver attributes that were particular regarding the detail and scale of geotechnical volumes. A rock mass classification scheme was developed, that took into consideration these design requirements as well as special site conditions. Besides standard rock mass classifications, the methods applied included large-coverage E modulus logging and digital techniques for analysing factual data, employing automatised queries and intersecting parameter distributions in 3D space. Using these digital methods, a robust and reproducible geotechnical model was created. Meanwhile the dam was completed and impounded successfully.
A Data-Driven Approach to Mapping Rock Mass Discontinuities
Authors: Hurtgen M , Detert R
Published: December 2024

The characterization of rock mass is vital to the development of a mine. Understanding and monitoring rock mass discontinuities plays a vital role in the continued stability of a mine. Current methods of data collection are often time-consuming, disruptive, unsafe, or complex. New scanning technologies have the power to change how rock mass is characterized. The proposed workflow for rock mass data collection can be done simply, with little to no disruption to production, and with high levels of accuracy. By using a combination of point cloud data and 3D meshes, discontinuities can be easily and safely detected and classification data from them can be extracted and interpreted. This new method for rock mass classification and the mapping of rock mass discontinuities uses a simple workflow that is highly accurate and mitigates the risk typically faced when collecting data at the face. This workflow involves the collection of point clouds and 3D meshes in any area of interest that can then be instantly analyzed in modeling software to identify and analyze discontinuities and collect the dip direction and dip angles directly from the surface. With this proposed process, new measurements can be made in a timely manner at any point with a high degree of accuracy removing any human error from the data collection process.
Transfer learning based tunnel boring machine advance classification
Authors: Unterlass Paul J. , Erharter Georg H. , Marcher Thomas
Published: December 2024

Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) are well established in modern tunnel construction, with monitoring and predicting TBM performance being crucial for project timelines and risk mitigation. Machine Learning (ML), offers promising avenues for analysing TBM operational data. Transfer learning, a technique of ML, enhances classification tasks by leveraging knowledge from one domain to another, making it particularly relevant for TBM tunnelling where labelled data may be limited. This paper proposes a novel approach to TBM advance classification using a recurrent neural network (RNN) trained via transfer learning. By training the model on one dataset and transferring it’s knowledge to another, the study aims to classify TBM advance as regular- or exceptional advance based on TBM operational data. Transfer learning offers advantages for classification tasks in tunnelling by reducing the need for extensive labelled data collection at each site. Results showcase the RNN’s performance on datasets from the Norwegian Ulriken and Follobanen tunnels. The experiment highlights the model’s effectiveness in classifying regular advance, while classification of irregular advance shows some room for improvement. Overall, this research contributes to advancing ML applications in TBM tunnelling, and underscores transfer learning’s potential to streamline performance analysis and decision-making processes in tunnelling projects.
Introducing groundwater on GSI: a practical approach based on tunnel rock excavation
Authors: Santa Cláudio , Chaminé Helder I. , Fernandes Isabel
Published: December 2024

Groundwater flow on fractured rock mass is critical to understand the geotechnical behaviour. Water can influence the strength of the rock material and promote the washing of discontinuities’ filling. It also reduces the friction angle and shear resistance of the rock mass, creating additional pressure on the rock structure. This framework in rock mass behaviour is considered within the rock mass classifications usually applied in geotechnical characterisation and rock engineering evaluation for engineering design, namely underground works. Water is, in fact, steadily a disadvantage in engineering works. The GSI (Geological Strength Index) is increasingly becoming one of the most widely used geotechnical indexes in large rock engineering projects. This study aims to introduce groundwater into the GSI (version 2013) classification system. The practical implications for geoengineering are that the proposed change integrating the groundwater in the GSI approach will improve the reliability and applicability of the classification system in rock engineering projects, thereby improving the technical-scientific scope, safety conditions and efficiency of underground works noticeably and immediately. This immediate impact highlights the pressing nature of this matter for geotechnics and rock engineering practices.
Selected studies from the International Conference on Geoscience and Earth Resources Engineering 2023
Authors: Yahya Al Hakim Andy , Kurnia Ivan , Tanlega Zela , Salmawati  , Rivai Tomy Alvin , Halim Nurulhuda , Rosalia Shindy , Kurnia Rani
Published: December 2024

This edited conference book is based on the best papers accepted for presentation during the 5th International Conference on Geoscience and Earth Resources Engineering 2023 held in the Jayakarta Suites, Bandung, Indonesia. This conference was organized by the Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering (FTTM) Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Indonesia and was held on 9-10 August 2023. It is of interest to all researchers, students, practitioners in the field of Earth Resources Exploration, Exploration and Engineering Seismology, Global Geophysics, Geothermal Engineering, Hazard Mitigation, Mining Engineering, Petroleum Production Engineering, Reservoir Engineering. It includes a set of research studies covering an enormous spectrum of multi-disciplinary in the field of mining, petroleum, geophysics, and geothermal topics with relevance to Indonesia, China, South Korea, Japan, United States, United Kingdom, Finland, and others.

List of Several invited speakers including, Members of the Steering Committee and Members of the Organizing Committee are available in this Pdf.
Elastic properties analysis and characterization of rock’s mineral using digital rock image
Authors: Setiawan M R , Suharsono  , Hidayat W , Fatkhan  , Latief F D E , Fauzi U
Published: December 2024

Rocks are composed of diverse materials, rendering them inherently complex. Numerous factors influence their mechanical and elastic properties. A diabase core was drilled and prepared for characterization and analysis in this study. This research aims to investigate the rock’s elastic properties using digital rock physics, leveraging mineralogical analysis conducted through XRD. Moreover, the process of separating matrix and pores will impact numerical calculations. Therefore, in this study, numerical calculations were performed on single and multiphase matrices to understand the influence of minerals on the elastic modulus of diabase rock. Characterization results indicate that the sample consists of Albite Calcian (Anorthic), Clinopyroxene, and Natrolite. These three minerals can be distinguished in digital image processing based on differences in density values. Numerical calculations reveal that an increase in the quantity of Clinopyroxene enhances static P-wave velocity. So, multiphase approach calculations yield velocity values almost identical to those obtained in the single-phase model with Albite Calcian matrix.
Fault segmentation, seismicity, and deformation rate of the Matano fault, Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Patria Adi , Aulia Atin N. , Sabrian Panggea G. , Puji Anggraini R. , Daryono Mudrik R. , Hanif Muhammad , Natawidjaja Danny H.
Published: December 2024

The Matano fault is one of the fast-slipping faults in Indonesia with a slip rate of ~20 mm/yr, accommodating the motion between the Pacific and Australian plates. The fault has remained unruptured at least for the past two centuries. Recent paleoseismological study suggested that the Matano fault has accumulated enough slip for the next surface-rupturing earthquakes. However, studies on the structures, seismicity, and deformation rate of the Matano fault are very scarce. This study characterizes the fault’s segmentation, evaluates the modern seismicity, and calculates the deformation rate of the Matano fault. The segmentation model of the Matano fault comprises eight major geometric segments, separated by structural discontinuities. Analysis of modern seismicity shows the high a- and b-value on the Matano fault, suggesting the high tectonic activity. Result of InSAR modeling also shows the rapid deformation on the Matano fault, reaching 39 mm/yr. Integrating our results suggest that the Matano fault can be divided into two major portions, separated by Lake Matano, that could rupture independently and produce Mw ≥7 earthquakes, possibly similar to the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive approaches for better understanding the active fault behaviors.