bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boekbespreking
Authors: Erasmus D. F. , Geyser H. J.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Die Aandeel van die Ou Gereformeerdes in die Verwerping van die Inlywing van die inlywing onder die Kaapse Sinode.
Authors: Krüger B. R.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Afskeiding prinsipieel benader
Authors: Dreyer J. G.M.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Geprovoceerde Herinnering
Authors: Postma D.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Die Kerk se visie op die resente gebeure in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Oosthuizen A. J.G.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Die Kerk se visie op die ontwikkelende situasie in Afrika
Authors: Mans C. J.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
De Verwoestingen van Babylon door Darius I en Xerxes in het licht van Babylonische en Bijbelse bronnen
Authors: De Liagre Böhl F. M. Th.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Die Praesentia Realis en die Protestantse Erediens
Authors: Engelbrecht B. J.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Niks Nuuts onder die Son
Authors: Engelbrecht S. P.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Logos en Ideologia: Woord en Skynwoord
Authors: Geyser A. S.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Die benaming"kind van die land" in die Ou Testament
Authors: Mulder E. S.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Herdenking van die Hervorming
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Die Bondsboek en die reg Gosen
Authors: Van Selms A.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Die rol van die kerk in die rehabilitasie van die misdadiger en die bestryding van die misdaad
Authors: Venter H. J.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Die "Gemengde Huwelik" in die Ou Testament
Authors: Van Selms A.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Lukas se Segsman vir die Geskiedenis van die Emmausgangers
Authors: Geyser A. S.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Ds. Pieter van Drimmelen
Authors: Engelbrecht S. P.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Boekbesprekings
Authors: Wolmarans H. P. , Dreyer P. S. , Geyser A. S.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Prof. Ulrich Gerhard Lauts (1787-1865)
Authors: Ploeger J.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Prof. D. Postma oor die beskuldiging van Slawerny teen Transvaal
Authors: Engelbrecht S. P.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Ds. Frans Lion Cachet
Authors: Engelbrecht S. P.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available.
Jan Romein in Suid-Afrika
Authors: Van Rooyen T. S.
Published: September 2016

No abstarct available.
Community Oriented Primary Care
Authors: Govender Srini
Published: September 2016

Not applicable
La formación institucional de investigadores en comunicación y la alfabetización mediática. El caso del Doctorado en Investigación de la Comunicación
Authors: Arévalo-Martínez Rebeca-Illiana , Del Prado-Flores Rogelio , Ramírez-Beltrán Rafael-Tonatiuh
Published: September 2016

El artículo analiza la pertinencia y necesidad de educar a nivel posgrado a los futuros investigadores de la comunicación en México, en algunas áreas como los procesos educativos con la incorporación de aspectos digitales utilizándolos en el mismo proceso formativo. Metodología.  Se explora el contexto geopolítico y los estudios de campo y teóricos que le dieron origen, y por medio de una investigación cualitativa se evalúa cómo la variable de la alfabetización mediática y sus repercusiones en las nuevas características ciudadanas, se ha manifestado como un síntoma imprescindible curricular. Resultados y discusión: Una de las principales competencias requerida en un investigador de la comunicación es el manejo de la tecnología y la innovación. Por lo que se ha hecho necesario incorporar la alfabetización mediática como contenido en los seminarios, como objeto transversal en la formación de los investigadores, así como en la producción de nuevas certezas científicas en comunicación.
Medios y violencia simbólica contra las mujeres
Authors: Galarza Fernández Emelina , Cobo Bedía Rosa , Esquembre Cerdá Maria del Mar
Published: September 2016

En esta investigación se ha analizado la violencia estructural contra las mujeres existentes en la sociedad, y la contribución de los medios de comunicación a la misma. Ello a pesar del marco jurídico, internacional y nacional, tanto referido a los medios de comunicación como a la igualdad de género. El análisis así como las aportaciones que se realizan a modo de conclusiones se enmarcan dentro de la teoría crítica que representa el feminismo. Resultados. De entre las soluciones que se pueden realizar desde las administraciones públicas se señalan dos: una de cara a los medios de comunicación y otra de cara a la ciudadanía. Conclusiones. Las administraciones competentes deben exigir una cuota de difusión de contenidos de igualdad, así como formar a la sociedad civil organizada en alfabetización mediática con perspectiva de género.
Impact of international humanitarian service-learning on emerging adult social competence: A mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Schvaneveldt Paul , Spencer Todd
Published: September 2016

This article presents the results from a study into international humanitarian service-learning experiences on young adult volunteers. Specifically, the service-learning experiences of emerging adults who had served in orphanages in Latin America were assessed, in a pre- and post-test design, for their development in areas of social competency such as identity, self-efficacy, self-esteem and ethnocentric attitudes. A mixed-methods design using both qualitative and quantitative measures was used. Both qualitative and quantitative results identified significant and important impacts on the development of the social competencies of these emerging adults. In addition, several qualitative themes illustrated that longer term international service-learning experiences have a profound impact on the social competence of emerging adults.Keywords: International humanitarian service, service-learning, emerging adult competency
A global catalogue of large SO2 sources and emissions derived from the
Ozone Monitoring Instrument
Authors: Fioletov Vitali E. , McLinden Chris A. , Krotkov Nickolay , Li Can , Joiner Joanna , Theys Nicolas , Carn Simon , Moran Mike D.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) measurements from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite sensor processed with the new principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm were used to detect large point emission sources or clusters of sources. The total of 491 continuously emitting point sources releasing from about 30 kt yr−1 to more than 4000 kt yr−1 of SO2 per year have been identified and grouped by country and by primary source origin: volcanoes (76 sources); power plants (297); smelters (53); and sources related to the oil and gas industry (65). The sources were identified using different methods, including through OMI measurements themselves applied to a new emission detection algorithm, and their evolution during the 2005–2014 period was traced by estimating annual emissions from each source. For volcanic sources, the study focused on continuous degassing, and emissions from explosive eruptions were excluded. Emissions from degassing volcanic sources were measured, many for the first time, and collectively they account for about 30 % of total SO2 emissions estimated from OMI measurements, but that fraction has increased in recent years given that cumulative global emissions from power plants and smelters are declining while emissions from oil and gas industry remained nearly constant. Anthropogenic emissions from the USA declined by 80 % over the 2005–2014 period as did emissions from western and central Europe, whereas emissions from India nearly doubled, and emissions from other large SO2-emitting regions (South Africa, Russia, Mexico, and the Middle East) remained fairly constant. In total, OMI-based estimates account for about a half of total reported anthropogenic SO2 emissions; the remaining half is likely related to sources emitting less than 30 kt yr−1 and not detected by OMI.
Carpe noctem: Forschen auf dem Strich – Reflexion ethischer und methodologischer Hürden
Authors: Finger Sascha
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This article highlights the ethical and methodological approaches towards analysing a spatial and social taboo phenomenon, such as prostitution in public spaces by the Hungarian Romnija sex-workers. The empirical fieldwork for this research took place between 2010 and 2012 in Switzerland and Hungary. During this period, the street prostitution sector of Zurich was dominated by Hungarian sex-workers. Remarkably, since 2006, the same women have traversed the gap between north-eastern Hungary and Switzerland for the purpose of prostitution. Transnational mobility and sex-work became their coping strategy to overcome social marginalization. Through this, these women not only influence their family structures back home in Hungary, but also shape the spaces they use all across over Europe. Gaining direct access to the people involved is indispensable to analyse a societal phenomenon such as this, despite challenges involved therein regarding access to the places of action. This article will provide insights with excerpts of the research diary as to how to overcome certain ethical and methodological obstacles while doing empirical research with sex-workers on the street.
A Combined Statistical Bias Correction and Stochastic Downscaling Method for Precipitation
Authors: Volosciuk Claudia , Maraun Douglas , Vrac Mathieu , Widmann Martin
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Much of our knowledge about future changes in precipitation relies on global (GCM) and/or regional climate models (RCM) that have resolutions which are much coarser than typical spatial scales of precipitation, particularly extremes. The major problems with these projections are both climate model biases and the gap between gridbox and point scale. Wong et al. developed a model to jointly bias correct and downscale precipitation at daily scales. This approach, however, relied on pairwise correspondence between predictor and predictand for calibration, and thus, on nudged simulations which are rarely available. Here we present an extension of this approach that separates the downscaling from the bias correction and in principle is applicable to free running GCMs/RCMs. In a first step, we bias correct RCM-simulated precipitation against gridded observations at the same scale using a parametric quantile mapping approach. To correct the whole distribution including extreme tails we apply a mixture distribution of a gamma distribution for the precipitation mass and a generalized Pareto distribution for the extreme tail. In a second step, we bridge the scale gap: we predict local variance employing a vector generalized linear gamma model (VGLM gamma) with the bias corrected time series as predictor. The VGLM gamma model is calibrated between gridded and point scale (station) observations. For evaluation we adopt the perfect predictor experimental setup of VALUE. Precipitation is in most cases improved by (parts of) our method across different European climates. The method generally performs better in summer than in winter and in winter best in the Mediterranean region with a mild winter climate and worst for continental winter climate in mid & eastern Europe or Scandinavia. A strength of this two-step method is that the best combination of bias correction and downscaling methods can be selected. This implies that the concept can be extended to a wide range of method combinations.
Tillage-induced short-term soil organic matter turnover and respiration
Authors: Fiedler Sebastian Rainer , Leinweber Peter , Jurasinski Gerald , Eckhardt Kai-Uwe , Glatzel Stephan
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Tillage induces decomposition and mineralisation of soil organic matter (SOM) by the disruption of macroaggregates and may increase soil CO2 efflux by respiration, but these processes are not well understood at the molecular level. We sampled three treatments (mineral fertiliser: MF; biogas digestate: BD; unfertilised control: CL) of a Stagnic Luvisol a few hours before and directly after tillage as well as 4 days later from a harvested maize field in northern Germany and investigated these samples by means of pyrolysis-field ionisation mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) and hot-water extraction. Before tillage, the Py-FIMS mass spectra revealed differences in relative ion intensities of MF and CL compared to BD most likely attributable to the cattle manure used for the biogas feedstock and to relative enrichments during anaerobic fermentation. After tillage, the CO2 effluxes were increased in all treatments, but this increase was less pronounced in BD. We explain this by restricted availability of readily biodegradable carbon compounds and possibly an inhibitory effect of sterols from digestates. Significant changes in SOM composition were observed following tillage. In particular, lignin decomposition and increased proportions of N-containing compounds were detected in BD. In MF, lipid proportions increased at the expense of ammonia, ammonium, carbohydrates and peptides, indicating enhanced microbial activity. SOM composition in CL was unaffected by tillage. Our analyses provide strong evidence for significant short-term SOM changes due to tillage in fertilised soils.
A Venezuela em teste: a qualidade da democracia venezuelana em ano eleitoral
Authors: Amoroso Botelho João Carlos
Published: September 2016

As eleições presidenciais de 2013, que foram as mais acirradas desde a ascensão de HugoChávez, ofereceram uma oportunidade especial para a análise da qualidade da democraciana Venezuela. O artigo se diferencia ao fazer uma avaliação prévia sobre a continuidadeou não do regime democrático no país para, conforme o resultado, passar à análise dasua qualidade. Afinal, não se pode analisar a qualidade de algo que não exista. A partir dadefinição de critérios, com base em Dahl e O’Donnell, e variáveis, categorias e pontuaçõespara cada critério, foi possível avaliar que, apesar dos problemas relativos a liberdadede imprensa, concentração de poderes no Executivo e falta de autonomia dos demaisramos de poder, a Venezuela continuava tendo uma democracia. Esse resultado consideraa pontuação para o conjunto das variáveis, evitando que um problema, sozinho, impliquea inexistência de democracia, a menos que esse problema signifique que não haja eleiçõescompetitivas e limpas. Na análise da qualidade democrática, a partir de metodologia definidapor Morlino e colaboradores, a conclusão foi que há uma prioridade para a igualdadeem detrimento da liberdade na dimensão de conteúdo, além de vários problemas nadimensão de procedimento.
Perspectivas sobre desenvolvimento democrático e qualidade da democracia: Brasil e América Latina
Authors: D’Araujo Maria Celina , Ribeiro Guilherme Leite
Published: September 2016

O artigo apresenta um quadro geral do estado da democracia no Brasil e em outros 17países da América Latina e está dividido em duas partes. Na primeira, mostra-se que a democraciapolítica alcançou patamares inéditos nesses países e que melhorias substanciaisnos indicadores socioeconômicos são visíveis em praticamente todos eles. Explicita-seainda que a emergência de lideranças personalistas impacta negativamente os índices dedesenvolvimento democrático. Na segunda parte, enfocamos o caso brasileiro, que sedestaca também por dados positivos na área social e que tem aprovado uma série de medidascom vistas a aperfeiçoar controles eleitorais e de governo. O artigo argumenta queo processo de democratização e de liberalização política nesses países é inequívoco, masnem sempre linear e progressivo, e que o desrespeito pela vida bem como a persistentedesigualdade estrutural parecem demandar novas formas de pensar as práticas democráticasna América Latina.
A qualidade da democracia paraguaia: entre debilidades persistentes e avanços truncados
Authors: Recalde Liliana Rocío Duarte
Published: September 2016

O presente trabalho revisa a situação atual da qualidade da democracia paraguaia, analisandoa maneira em que as diferentes dimensões procedimentais, substantivas e de resultadotêm se fortalecido ou estagnado desde a abertura do regime em 1989. Destamaneira, identificamos que a prestação de contas eleitoral e institucional instaurada desdeo processo de transição são as dimensões que registraram avanços mais claros em termosde qualidade, enquanto a dimensão substantiva correspondente à igualdade e a dimensãode resultados apresentam grandes debilidades, criando as bases para o questionamento davigência do regime no país.
Quatro décadas de “Minas” e “Geraes”. A dimensão política da obra de Milton Nascimento
Authors: Coan Emerson Ike
Published: September 2016

O objeto deste trabalho é a produção cultural de Milton Nascimento e sua dimensãopolítica nos álbuns “Minas” (1975) e “Geraes” (1976). O método utilizado é o da teoriacrítica, pelo qual essas obras serão compreendidas na dinâmica histórica da sociedadecapitalista brasileira na ditadura militar. As músicas serão analisadas, não só em suas característicassonoras, mas também temáticas, com o objetivo de constatar uma complementaridadeentre os discos. Pretende-se examinar se os sentimentos dos artistas, em cançõescomo “Fé cega, faca amolada”, “Saudades dos aviões da Panair (conversando no bar)”,“Menino” e “O que será (à flor da pele)”, estavam em sintonia com os dissabores e asesperanças do povo brasileiro de então.
Uitoefening aandeelhoudersrechten, in de Code en de praktijk
Authors: van der Krans A.
Published: September 2016

Uitoefening aandeelhoudersrechten, in de Code en de praktijk

Anatoli van der Krans gaat in zijn artikel in op de wijzigingen die de Monitoring Commissie Corporate Governance voorstelt rondom het thema ‘relatie met aandeelhouders’. Dit betreffen achtereenvolgens (i) de aanwezigheid van voorgedragen bestuurders en commissarissen; (ii) de responstijd; (iii) certificering; en (iv) taal. Verder signaleert hij een aantal belangrijke punten die momenteel schuren en bij een meer fundamentele discussie kunnen worden meegenomen. Met name de vrijwel totale scheiding tussen dialoog en het maken van een stembeslissing enerzijds en de formele besluitvorming op de AVA anderzijds bij grote beursvennootschappen is zorgwekkend en onderstreept de noodzaak tot verdere gedachtenvorming over de rol van de AVA
Corpo e fenômeno psicossomático na clínica psicanalítica
Authors: Fernandes Carla Oliveira , Dos Reis Bruno Netto , Besset Vera Lopes , Veras Marcelo Frederico A. Dos Santos
Published: September 2016

O avanço da ciência e da tecnologia trouxe progressos consideráveis para o diagnóstico e o tratamento de doenças até então incuráveis. Apesar disso, ainda hoje a medicina se depara com patologias que não respondem aos tratamentos propostos. Em alguns desses casos, a consideração da singularidade implicada no adoecimento remete à psicanálise, convocada a contribuir nesse processo. O presente trabalho objetiva apresentar uma abordagem do fenômeno psicossomático (FPS), que se apresenta como uma lesão, considerando o estatuto particular do corpo e o gozo específico nesses casos. Discutimos as particularidades do FPS na clínica e as questões implicadas no tratamento, tendo em vista o uso da fala de acordo com as diretivas clínicas da psicanálise de orientação lacaniana. Por se tratar de uma manifestação que envolve uma lesão e, assim, está na interface da medicina com a psicanálise, propomos uma abordagem que leve em consideração o diálogo com o campo da medicina.
Considerações epistemológicas da perspectiva bioecológica do desenvolvimento humano sobre o envolvimento paterno
Authors: Kinas Bueno Rovana , Vieira Mauro Luís , Crepaldi Maria Aparecida , Ribeiro Schneider Daniela
Published: September 2016

Para entender o ser humano, e mais especificamente o envolvimento paterno, se faz importante compreender o contexto em que o homem está inserido. Uma das teorias que auxilia nessa compreensão é a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, sobre a qual há inúmeras produções, mas poucas que discutem os aspectos epistemológicos da teoria. Objetiva-se realizar algumas considerações teóricas e epistemológicas da perspectiva Bioecológica, enfocando mais especificamente sua abordagem sobre o envolvimento paterno. Constatam-se poucas obras sobre o envolvimento paterno utilizando essa teoria. Verifica-se que a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano se revela útil na compreensão do envolvimento paterno, por ser uma teoria que abarca tanto os aspectos individuais do pai quanto aspectos mais amplos dos diversos contextos em que o mesmo está inserido. Além disso, constata-se que reflexões sobre os aspectos epistemológicos da Bioecologia, considerando como fenômeno de estudo o envolvimento paterno, contribuem na compreensão do referido fenômeno.
Everyday Advocacy: 30 Ways in 30 Days: A Month of Entry Points for Living and Loving Advocacy
Authors: Nemec-Loise Jenna
Published: September 2016

Thirty days. They’re a pretty good measuring stick for whether or not something works for us, right? At least that’s what all those infomercials would have us believe.I mean, think about it: Everywhere you look there’s a thirty-day risk-free trial or money-back guarantee. If you’re not completely satisfied, simply return your purchase for a full refund (less shipping and handling). There’s no commitment, and you can cancel at any time.
Research Roundup: The Evolution of Preschool Storytime Research
Authors: Diamant-Cohen Betsy , Goldsmith Annette Y.
Published: September 2016

Since most children’s librarians regularly present preschool storytimes, here’s a look at some of the research on the topic and how it has developed over time.
ANÁLISIS DE LA BIOMASA DE FRAGMENTO DE BOSQUE POR MEDIO DE PRODUCTOS LIDAR, EN CATALUÑA – ESPAÑA
Authors: Santana Sidney Henrique Campelo
Published: September 2016

This work aims quantify and analyze the biomass of a forest area belonging to the Natural Space of the Alynià Mountain, located in Catalonia, Spain, by means of remote sensing tools. Thus for the study, they were used LiDAR data of the study area. From these data two Digital Terrain Models (Digital Surface Model and Digital Elevation Model of Vegetation) were generated, and other relevant statistical calculations were performed to then calculate the biomass, basal area and number of feet. The information obtained was embodied in maps to represent the results and other parameters related to biomass. As a result of this work, models of biomass, basal area and number of trees had a good relationship with the inventory data, so it was possible to estimate these parameters for the study area. In fact calculating biomass by LiDAR data resulted in 3059.76 tons for an area of ​​24.52 has drawn in the study area, while the inventory calculations resulted from 3341.42 tons in the same area. So, can be say that the LiDAR technology provides forestry research a number of applications, from dasometric order and / or dendrometry necessary for effective forest management.
TREND ANALYSIS OF THE REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FOR THE SOUTHWESTERN AMAZON, BRAZIL.
Authors: Silva Helder J. Farias , Lucio Paulo Sergio , Brown Irving Foster
Published: September 2016

The changes in climatic conditions can affect demand of water in regions because the evapotranspiration is affected by changes weather elements. The goal of this study was to identify possible trends in the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to Acre State, with study units to Rio Branco locations (Acre’s capital), Tarauacá and Cruzeiro do Sul considering a period of 30 years, using monthly meteorological stations data. The methodology was adopted to achieve meteorological consistency data, in this way was made the gap filling in the time series by means of multivariate techniques. The trend analysis was performed using the Mann-Kendall nonparametric and your magnitude through the Theil-Sen test. The indirect method of Penmann-Montheith was used to calculate the ETo. It was found that there is upward trend in ETo at the autumn, winter and spring seasons and that became a significant through the years 1990, 1996 and 2001 to cities of Cruzeiro do Sul Tarauacá and Rio Branco, respectively. The average temperature datasets, minimum temperature, solar radiation and global solar radiation showed upward trend at 5% significance for all that three locations. These being the main responsible for the increase in ETo in these locations.
Study of biophysical parameters using remote sensing techniques to Quixeré-CE region.
Authors: Borges Camilla Kassar
Published: September 2016

This work aims to analyze the behavior and the spatial variability of energy fluxes, albedo, surface temperature and vegetation index (NDVI) through the SEBAL algorithm, used in remote sensing for different surfaces in the region of Quixeré-EC. It was used TM- Landsat 5 satellite images for the dates October 24, 2005 and August 8, 2006, where the SEBAL algorithm was applied to calculate the fluxes of H, LE, Rn, G, and the surface albedo. From the clippings of a coverage area of banana orchard, savanna and bare soil, in order to check the H + LE and Rn-G components of energy balance. Correlations greater than 0.99 was observed between the components of energy balance H + LE and Rn-G, the relationship between surface albedo and radiation balance in the orchard area showed higher correlations to 0.88, the area comprised by savanna, for the day 297 showed no good correlation between variables, approximately 69% of unexplained variation in day 220 was about 0.88 correlation between the variables, this fact is associated homogeneous characteristics of the area that presented an increase of moisture available in relation to day 297.
CHARACTERIZATION NDVI SPACE-TIME AND SURFACE AND ANALYSIS PHYTOSOCIOLOGIC ALBEDO FOR SÃO JOÃO DO CARIRI
Authors: De Alcântara Silva Virginia Mirtes
Published: September 2016

Advances in research on desertification processes were acquired through remote sensing, especially in the analysis of the dynamics between surface and atmosphere. The techniques in remote sensing for its intrinsic spatial and multi-temporal approach allow the evaluation process trends by identifying changes in vegetation and surface soil by monitoring multiple parameters including the Vegetation Index Difference standardized and surface albedo. The main objective of the study was to determine the evolution spatiotemporal two indicators of desertification obtained through remote sensing: the albedo surface and NDVI based on spectral bands of TM - Landsat 5, thus contributing to the establishment plans to combat desertification in action for the municipality of São João do Cariri, Paraiba semi-arid, presenting severe levels of land degradation (84%). Satellite images were used Landsat - 5 TM, orbit 215 point 065 between the years 1990 and 2005 acquired the site of the United States Geological Survey - USGS. Use of ArcGIS software 9.3 and ERDAS Imagine 9.3 GIS lab meteorological department of the Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG. The images were validated with field research and conducting this survey vegetation in the area (7 26'57.12 "S and 36º30'25.85" O). The structure of vegetation was carried out in two plots of 10 x 20 m, lying 50 cm between plots with a total area of ​​0,04ha. Were used for analysis only, the shrubby-arboreal extracts with (CAP) ≥ 3.5, Phytosociological using the following parameters: absolute density (DA), the relative density (RD), absolute frequency (AF), on rate (RR) absolute dominance (DoA), relative dominance (DoR) and importance value (VI). found that there is a strong inverse linear relationship between NDVI and surface albedo and according to the results obtained for the city of São João do Cariri, in the period between 1990 and 2005.Verificou It is this temporal analysis of biophysical parameters that when the value of albedo declined in class 0.10-0.15 there was an increase in classes 0.4- 0.6 and> 0.6 NDVI, conversely the 0.15-0.20 and 20-30 albedo classes showed an expansion in these areas and hence a decrease in the area corresponding to 0.2 to 0 class 4 NDVI.O increase in albedo values ​​can be explained by the influence of meteorological factors (rain irregularity, energy balance etc.) and by human activities responsible for landscape change over time. The Phytosociological results for the two installments selected 30 individuals were found belonging to 9 species contained in 5 families. The families with the highest number of species were: Mimosaceae, with 12 individuals, Cactaceae with 8 individuals and Fabaceae with 4 individuals, they are typical of anthropogenic environments showing enough tolerance to high levels of disturbance.
Angiogenic Potential of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chondrocyte Brick-Enriched Constructs Promoted Stable Regeneration of Craniofacial Cartilage
Authors: Li Zhiye , Ba Ruikai , Wang Zhifa , Wei Jianhua , Zhao Yimin , Wu Wei
Published: September 2016

Craniofacial deformities caused by congenital defects or trauma remain challenges for clinicians, whereas current surgical interventions present limited therapeutic outcomes. Injection of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into the defect is highly desirable because such a procedure is microinvasive and grafts are more flexible to fill the lesions. However, preventing hypertrophic transition and morphological contraction remain significant challenges. We have developed an “all host derived” cell transplantation system composed of chondrocyte brick (CB)-enriched platelet-rich plasma (P) gel and BMSCs (B). Without exogenous biomaterials or growth factors, such grafts regenerate cartilage efficiently and present great clinical promise. In immunodeficient mice, we compared performance of BMSCs and BMSCs lacking angiogenic potential in CB-B-P constructs and followed the cartilage maturation process by histology, immunostaining, micro-computed tomography, and protein analysis. We determined that angiogenesis occurred quickly inside rudimentary cartilage derived from CB-B-P constructs after implantation, which improved tissue survival, tissue growth, and production of chondrogenic signals from chondrocytes. In contrast, silencing angiogenic potential of BMSCs led to poor chondrogenesis accompanied by necrosis. Chondrocyte bricks merged rapidly with angiogenesis, which constituted an enclosed chondrogenic niche and effectively inhibited runt-related transcription factor-2-dependent hypertrophic transition of BMSCs as well as endochondral ossification; progressive chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs resulted in vascularization regression, thus favoring persistent chondrogenesis and effectively augmenting nasal cartilage. In conclusion, these findings provided a novel, efficient approach to regenerating cartilage tissues in vivo. Chondrocyte bricks mixed with P provide transient vascularization and a persistently chondrogenic microenvironment for BMSCs; this provides a mini-invasive approach for craniofacial cartilage reconstruction.
Reliability and Validity of the Computerized Dynamic Posturography Sensory Organization Test in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hebert Jeffrey R. , Manago Mark M.
Published: September 2016

Background:

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently have impaired postural control (balance). Psychometric properties of clinical tests of balance for individuals with MS, including the computerized dynamic posturography sensory organization test (CDP-SOT), are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the reliability and discriminant validity of the CDP-SOT in people with MS.

Methods:

The CDP-SOT was performed on 30 participants with MS. A 2-week–interval, repeated-measures (sessions 1 and 2) design was implemented to investigate test-retest reliability of the CDP-SOT and the ability of the CDP-SOT to discriminate between participants with lower versus higher disability. Self-reported disability level was based on Patient-Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale scores: lower (PDDS scale score, 0–3; n = 17) and higher (PDDS scale score, 4–6; n = 13).

Results:

All six conditions of the CDP-SOT had good-to-excellent reliability (interclass correlation coefficients, 0.70–0.90) and excellent reliability for composite scores (0.90). Composite scores were significantly greater in the lower-disability group versus the higher-disability group at session 1 (70.89 vs. 48.60, P = .001) and session 2 (74.82 vs. 48.85, P = .002).

Conclusions:

The CDP-SOT is a reliable measure of balance and accurately differentiates disability status in people with MS. Collectively, the results support clinical application of the CDP-SOT as a reliable and valid measure of disease-related progression of impaired balance related to sensory integration and its utility in determining changes in balance in response to treatment.
A CRISE DAS FUNDAMENTAÇÕES UNIVERSALISTAS: RELIGIÕES UNIVERSALISTAS E RACIO-NALISMO OCIDENTAL EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Danner Leno Francisco
Published: September 2016

Definirei a crise das religiões institucionalizadas enquanto uma crise das fundamentações universalistas, que afeta com mais força o projeto emancipatório do racionalismo ocidental. O que está em crise, atualmente, é o tipo de fundamentação universalista que pode ser percebido, a seu modo, nas religiões institucionalizadas de cunho missionário e messiânico e no modelo epistemológico-moral e civilizacional desenvolvido desde a modernidade europeia. Com isso, defendo que a crise das religiões universalistas não é tão grave, na medida em que pode ser resolvida por meio de abertura institucional a procedimentos participativos, relaxamento dos controles sexuais e de gênero, bem como moderação da postura missionária; já a crise do racionalismo ocidental, que é muito grave, implica em uma recusa da pretensão universalista própria à cultura moderna, tanto no que diz respeito à fundamentação epistemológico-moral universalista quanto no que tange à colocação da modernidade como horizonte normativo possibilitador da crítica e da elaboração de um projeto ético-político cosmopolita, posto que o racionalismo ocidental em seu intento universalista já não pode mais ser percebido independentemente seja da colonização cultural desenvolvida desde a Europa (como modelo civilizacional e em termos de valores epistemológico-morais universalistas), seja da globalização econômica capitalista. Nesse sentido, o único caminho que resta ao racionalismo ocidental é o de uma crítica interna, recusando qualquer aspiração teórico-prática à universalidade.

[doi:HTTP://dx.doi.org/10.7443/problemata.v7i1.24585]
DESRESPEITO E PATOLOGIAS SOCIAIS NA FILOSOFIA DE AXEL HONNETH
Authors: Porto Tiago
Published: September 2016

Dentre as escolas de pensamento situadas no campo de estudo denominado Filosofia Política e Social, a Teoria Crítica recebe um lugar de destaque. Originária da Alemanha, buscava estudar os efeitos sociopolíticos do capitalismo a partir de um referencial marxista, utilizando uma metodologia multidisciplinar que abrangia Filosofia, Psicanálise, Ciências Sociais, Direito entre outras áreas de conhecimento. Longeva, a tradição inaugurada em Frankfurt no limite entre 1929 e 1930 por Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer, vive atualmente a sua terceira geração, sendo representada principalmente por Axel Honneth. Ainda que os referenciais teóricos dos seus integrantes fossem heterogêneos, passando de Karl Marx por Sigmund Freud e G.W.F. Hegel, uma categoria de estudo perpassou as três gerações, recebendo tônicas diferenciadas quanto ao seu diagnóstico: as patologias sociais. No presente artigo, pretende-se analisar de que forma Axel Honneth articula esse tópico dentro do seu corpus teórico. Para tanto, procederemos nossa investigação partindo inicialmente do conceito de desrespeito, fundamental para entendermos o alicerce conceitual empregado pelo filósofo; em seguida, nos concentraremos propriamente nas patologias sociais, analisando sobretudo a ideologia, a reificação e os paradoxos de individualização, enfermidades trabalhadas pelo autor; finalmente, encerramos este trabalho com um estudo do sentimento de injustiça e com a conclusão se Honneth oferece ou não uma solução prescritiva quanto as patologias sociais.
O CORPO-PRÓPRIO EM LIMA VAZ
Authors: Jesus João Elton
Published: September 2016

Para o filósofo brasileiro Henrique Claudio de Lima Vaz, o Corpo-próprio é primeira categoria que apresenta a estrutura ontológica do homem. Desta forma este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar a Categoria de Corpo-Próprio levando em consideração os seus princípios tético e eidético. Para aprofundar o tema, sem sair da perspectiva do autor, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de pensadores citados nas notas da obra Antropologia Filosófica I. Para tanto, primeiramente apresentaremos o contexto em que Vaz produziu o seu pensamento, seguido por uma breve explicitação da sua metodologia e finalmente adentrar na categoria tema desse estudo.

[doi:HTTP://dx.doi.org/10.7443/problemata.v7i1.25384]
O ESQUEMA DA QUANTIDADE EM KANT E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM ARISTÓTELES E PLATÃO
Authors: Santos Gilfranco Lucena dos
Published: September 2016

Este artigo visa elucidar a compreensão kantiana do esquema da quantidade e estabelecer suas relações possíveis entre a compreensão aristotélica e platônica do conceito de quantidade.
A juvenile subfossil crocodylian from Anjohibe Cave, Northwestern Madagascar
Authors: Mathews Joshua C. , Samonds Karen E.
Published: September 2016

Madagascar’s subfossil record preserves a diverse community of animals including elephant birds, pygmy hippopotamus, giant lemurs, turtles, crocodiles, bats, rodents, and carnivorans. These fossil accumulations give us a window into the island’s past from 80,000 years ago to a mere few hundred years ago, recording the extinction of some groups and the persistence of others. The crocodylian subfossil record is limited to two taxa,Voay robustusandCrocodylus niloticus, found at sites distributed throughout the island.V. robustusis extinct whileC. niloticusis still found on the island today, but whether these two species overlapped temporally, or ifVoaywas driven to extinction by competing withCrocodylusremains unknown. While their size and presumed behavior was similar to each other, nearly nothing is known about the growth and development ofVoay, as the overwhelming majority of fossil specimens represent mature adult individuals. Here we describe a nearly complete juvenile crocodylian specimen from Anjohibe Cave, northwestern Madagascar. The specimen is referred toCrocodylusbased on the presence of caviconchal recesses on the medial wall of the maxillae, and toC. niloticusbased on the presence of an oval shaped internal choana, lack of rostral ornamentation and a long narrow snout. However, as there are currently no described juvenile specimens ofVoay robustus, it is important to recognize that some of the defining characteristics of that genus may have changed through ontogeny. Elements include a nearly complete skull and many postcranial elements (cervical, thoracic, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, pectoral elements, pelvic elements, forelimb and hindlimb elements, osteoderms).Crocodylus niloticuscurrently inhabits Madagascar but is locally extinct from this particular region; radiometric dating indicates an age of ∼460–310 years before present (BP). This specimen clearly represents a juvenile based on the extremely small size and open sutures/detached neural arches; total body length is estimated to be ∼1.1 m (modern adults of this species range from ∼4–6 m). This fossil represents the only juvenile subfossil crocodylian specimen reported from Madagascar.
Bcl-2homologueDebclenhancesα-synuclein-induced phenotypes inDrosophila
Authors: M’Angale P. Githure , Staveley Brian E.
Published: September 2016

Background

Parkinson disease (PD) is a debilitating movement disorder that afflicts 1–2% of the population over 50 years of age. The common hallmark for both sporadic and familial forms of PD is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mammals have at least twenty proapoptotic and antiapoptoticBcl-2family members, in contrast, only twoBcl-2family genes have been identified inDrosophila melanogaster, the proapoptotic mitochondrial localizedDebcland the antiapoptoticBuffy. The expression of the human transgeneα-synuclein, a gene that is strongly associated with inherited forms of PD, in dopaminergic neurons (DA) of Drosophila, results in loss of neurons and locomotor dysfunction to model PD in flies. The altered expression ofDebclin the DA neurons and neuron-rich eye and along with the expression ofα-synucleinoffers an opportunity to highlight the role ofDebclin mitochondrial-dependent neuronal degeneration and death.

Results

The directed overexpression ofDebclusing theDdc-Gal4transgene in the DA of Drosophila resulted in flies with severely decreased survival and a premature age-dependent loss in climbing ability. The inhibition ofDebclresulted in enhanced survival and improved climbing ability whereas the overexpression ofDebclin theα-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD resulted in more severe phenotypes. In addition, the co-expression ofDebclalong withBuffypartially counteracts theDebcl-induced phenotypes, to improve the lifespan and the associated loss of locomotor ability observed. In complementary experiments, the overexpression ofDebclalong with the expression ofα-synucleinin the eye, enhanced the eye ablation that results from the overexpression ofDebcl. The co-expression ofBuffyalong withDebcloverexpression results in the rescue of the moderate developmental eye defects. The co-expression ofBuffyalong with inhibition ofDebclpartially restores the eye to a roughened eye phenotype.

Discussion

The overexpression ofDebclin DA neurons produces flies with shortened lifespan and impaired locomotor ability, phenotypes that are strongly associated with models of PD in Drosophila. The co-expression ofDebclalong withα-synucleinenhanced the PD-like phenotypes. The co-expression ofDebclalong withBuffysuppresses these phenotypes. Complementary experiments in the Drosophila eye show similar trends during development. Taken all together these results suggest a role forDebclin neurodegenerative disorders.
Dissolved iron and iron isotopes in the southeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Conway Tim M. , Lee Jong‐Mi , Kayser Richard , Thyng Kristen M. , John Seth G. , Boyle Edward A.
Published: September 2016

The Southeast Pacific Ocean is a severely understudied yet dynamic region for trace metals such as iron, since it experiences steep redox and productivity gradients in upper waters and strong hydrothermal iron inputs to deep waters. In this study, we report the dissolved iron (dFe) distribution from seven stations and Fe isotope ratios (δ56Fe) from three of these stations across a near‐zonal transect from 20 to 27°S. We found elevated dFe concentrations associated with the oxygen‐deficient zone (ODZ), with light δ56Fe implicating porewater fluxes of reduced Fe. However, temporal dFe variability and rapid δ56Fe shifts with depth suggest gradients in ODZ Fe source and/or redox processes vary over short‐depth/spatial scales. The dFe concentrations decreased rapidly offshore, and in the upper ocean dFe was controlled by biological processes, resulting in an Fe:C ratio of 4.2 µmol/mol. Calculated vertical diffusive Fe fluxes were greater than published dust inputs to surface waters, but both were orders of magnitude lower than horizontal diffusive fluxes, which dominate dFe delivery to the gyre. The δ56Fe data in the deep sea showed evidence for a −0.2‰ Antarctic Intermediate Water end‐member and a heavy δ56Fe of +0.55‰ for distally transported hydrothermal dissolved Fe from the East Pacific Rise. These heavy δ56Fe values were contrasted with the near‐crustal δ56Fe recorded in the hydrothermal plume reaching Station ALOHA in the North Pacific. The heavy hydrothermal δ56Fe precludes a nanopyrite composition of hydrothermal dFe and instead suggests the presence of oxides or, more likely, binding of hydrothermal dFe by organic ligands in the distal plume.
Estimation of time‐variable fast flow path chemical concentrations for application in tracer‐based hydrograph separation analyses
Authors: Kronholm Scott C. , Capel Paul D.
Published: September 2016

Mixing models are a commonly used method for hydrograph separation, but can be hindered by the subjective choice of the end‐member tracer concentrations. This work tests a new variant of mixing model that uses high‐frequency measures of two tracers and streamflow to separate total streamflow into water from slowflow and fastflow sources. The ratio between the concentrations of the two tracers is used to create a time‐variable estimate of the concentration of each tracer in the fastflow end‐member. Multiple synthetic data sets, and data from two hydrologically diverse streams, are used to test the performance and limitations of the new model (two‐tracer ratio‐based mixing model: TRaMM). When applied to the synthetic streams under many different scenarios, the TRaMM produces results that were reasonable approximations of the actual values of fastflow discharge (±0.1% of maximum fastflow) and fastflow tracer concentrations (±9.5% and ±16% of maximum fastflow nitrate concentration and specific conductance, respectively). With real stream data, the TRaMM produces high‐frequency estimates of slowflow and fastflow discharge that align with expectations for each stream based on their respective hydrologic settings. The use of two tracers with the TRaMM provides an innovative and objective approach for estimating high‐frequency fastflow concentrations and contributions of fastflow water to the stream. This provides useful information for tracking chemical movement to streams and allows for better selection and implementation of water quality management strategies.
Enzootic Simian Viruses
Authors: Yee Joann L.
Published: September 2016

Simian enzootic viruses are infectious microorganisms that are consistently present in a geographically localized host population of nonhuman primates. A simian enzootic infection can be characterized as a long‐standing, stable relationship between the host simian and a parasitic virus. Virus infection of the natural host generally results in no, or a relatively low, steady‐state level of disease, which can be cyclical.
Mitigating Human–Nonhuman Primate Conflict
Authors: Hockings Kimberley J.
Published: September 2016

One of the challenges facing primate conservation is the rising level of interaction between humans and primates, and the resulting conflicts that might emerge. Living alongside primates can impose costs upon local people that are frequently cited as the “drivers” of conflict, including crop feeding, livestock depredation, property damage, and aggressive interactions with humans. Primate damage is only one aspect of conflict, with social drivers (such as cultural norms and expectations, social tensions, fear, and lack of knowledge) often influencing the intensity of conflict generated. It is becoming increasingly acknowledged that human–primate conflict is impacted by humans who have different goals, perceptions, and levels of empowerment. The ability for humans and primates to coexist therefore requires complex and multifaceted social and technical approaches, as well as the willingness of stakeholders, academics, and policy makers to recognize problems as shared ones and to discuss them collaboratively and openly.
Indriidae
Authors: Oliver Lana Kerker
Published: September 2016

The family Indriidae contains some of the largest Lemuriformes, primates found only on the island of Madagascar. This family contains three genera:
Indri
,
Propithecus
, and
Avahi
. All indriids are vertical clingers and leapers and have long legs relative to their arm length. Folivory is common in this family, as evidenced by their dental and gut morphology. The diurnal genera
Indri
and
Propithecus
are larger than the nocturnal
Avahi
. Species in this family exhibit female dominance and breed seasonally. Of the 19 species in this family, 11 are Endangered, 5 are Critically Endangered, and 3 are Vulnerable as classified by the IUCN (2014).