bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Efficiency of Ground-Truth Data Collection for UAV-based Rice Growth Estimation Models: Investigating the Effect of Sampling Size on Model Accuracy
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoaki , Sasano Kana , Katsura Keisuke
Published: March 2023

One of the bottlenecks in the development of UAV-based crop growth estimation models has been the need for ground-truth data collection through plant sampling in a field, which required a great deal of effort. Thus, we investigated the viability of utilizing datasets derived from reduced sampling size for the development of growth estimation models, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of ground-truth data collection. Koshihikari, a japonica rice variety, was grown at a planting spacing of 15 × 30 cm with various fertilizer conditions and transplanting dates. Once a week from transplanting to the heading date, aerial RGB and multispectral images were collected with a UAV. Subsequently, four adjacent hills from each plot were harvested, and above-ground biomass (AGB) and leaf area index (LAI) measurements were taken for each hill. For each hill, the ground-measured data was linked to the features (plant height, vegetation indices, and texture indices) derived from corresponding UAV images. Three datasets were compiled using the values of single hills (15 × 30 cm), the average values of two adjacent hills (30 × 30 cm), and those of four adjacent hills (60 × 60 cm). Models estimating AGB and LAI from UAV-derived features were developed with each dataset using single regression and machine learning (ML) algorithms, and the prediction accuracy was compared among the three datasets. The prediction accuracy of the single regression models was similar across all datasets. In addition, it was demonstrated that the dataset based on single-harvested hills can contribute to improving the prediction accuracy of the ML models. In previous studies, datasets were generally developed by aggregating data from multiple harvested hills, yet our results indicated that the dataset based on single-harvested hills was sufficiently reliable for model development and can be utilized, consequently allowing for more efficient ground-truth data collection.
Estimating vaccine-preventable COVID-19 deaths under counterfactual vaccination scenarios in the United States
Authors: Zhong Ming , Glazer Tamara , Kshirsagar Meghana , Johnston Richard , Dodhia Rahul , Kim Allen , Michael Divya , Salcido Santiago , Nair-Desai Sameer , Tsai Thomas C. , Friedhoff Stefanie , Weeks William B , Ferres Juan M. Lavista
Published: March 2023

In early 2021, effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccines became available in the United States; by mid-April 2021, vaccine availability outstripped demand, daily vaccination rates peaked, and COVID-19 vaccines were found highly effective in adult populations.
Accurate estimates of the number of vaccine-preventable deaths had higher vaccination rates been attained could have helped local policymakers and possibly persuaded more to get vaccinated. Because existing estimation methodologies are limited, for the period 1/1/21 – 4/30/22, we simulated the number of vaccine-preventable deaths associated with two-dose COVID-19 vaccination that incorporated state-level population, death, and vaccination numbers and three scenarios of vaccination rate achievement. Nationally, we found that had 100% of the population became fully vaccinated during the period examined, 318,979 deaths, or approximately 50% of actual COVID-19 deaths, might have been prevented; had 85% been so, 28% might have been prevented. Across states, we found substantial variation in the proportion of avoidable COVID-19 deaths that might have been avoided at the state level, from 25% in Massachusetts to 74% in Alaska. Our findings are sobering when considering the painful deaths, the survivors’ anguish, and the diversion of scarce and expensive healthcare resources that might have been averted had peak vaccination administration efforts been maintained.
Feeding Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae with bacteria increase larval juvenile hormone levels inhibiting cannibalism under certain conditions
Authors: Du Xing-Xing , Cao Sheng-Kai , Xiao Hua-Yan , Yang Chang-Jin , Zeng Ai-Ping , Chen Gong , Yu Huan
Published: March 2023

Feed quality influences insect cannibalistic behavior and gut microbial communities. The relationship between larval cannibalism and larval-midgut bacteria was determined in this study. Spodoptera exigua larvae fed with different artificial diets exhibited different cannibalism ratios. The RW-fed larvae had delayed cannibalistic behavior and reduced cannibalism ratio compared with those of the CS, CSK, SW, or CSW-fed larvae. The gut bacterial load of the CSK-fed larvae was the lowest among the five tested larval group. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the bacteria in the midgut of S. exigua larvae fed with five diets indicated that Enterobacteriales was the prominent bacterial family in the RW-fed larvae. Fifteen culturable bacterial isolates were obtained from the midgut of the RW-fed larvae; of these, ten were belonging to Enterobacteriales. After administered to CS or CSK-fed S. exigua larvae, two bacteria isolates (SePC-12 and − 37) delayed cannibalistic behavior in both tested larval groups. Furthermore, CSK-fed larvae had lowest Juvenile hormone (JH) concentration, and they were more aggressive in intraspecific predation. But the loading of SePC-12 increased the JH hormone in the CSK-fed larvae and inhibited their cannibalism. The bacteria in the larval midgut involved in the JH levels stabilization, thereby regulating host larval cannibalistic behavior.
VT-BPAN: Vision Transformer-based bilinear pooling and attention network fusion of RGB and skeleton features for human action recognition
Authors: Sun Yaohui , Xu Weiyao , Yu Xiaoyi , Gao Ju
Published: March 2023

Recent generation Microsoft Kinect Camera captures a series of multimodal signals that provide RGB video, depth sequences, and skeleton information, thus it becomes an option to achieve enhanced human action recognition performance by fusing different data modalities. However, most existing fusion methods simply fuse different features, which ignores the underlying semantics between different models, leading to a lack of accuracy. In addition, there exists a large amount of background noise. In this work, we propose a Vision Transformer-based Bilinear Pooling and Attention Network (VT-BPAN) fusion mechanism for human action recognition. This work improves the recognition accuracy in the following ways: 1) An effective two-stream feature pooling and fusion mechanism is proposed. The RGB frames and skeleton are fused to enhance the spatio-temporal feature representation. 2) A spatial lightweight vision Transformer is proposed, which can reduce the cost of computing. The framework is evaluated based on three widely used video action datasets, and the proposed approach performs a more comparable performance with the state-of-the-art methods.
The pathogenic role of the EGFR/STAT5 signaling pathway in synovial fibroblasts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wang Wang chenyu , Liang Liang chuancai , Xing Xing hengte , Gong Gong ziheng , Qiu Qiu Bo , Hao Hao yarong
Published: March 2023

Objective

To investigate the role of EGFR/STAT5 signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Method

Identifying the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with bioinformatics analysis. Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells (RA-FLS) were collected from patients clinically and cultured in vitro. EGFR and STAT expression levels were detected in tissues using immunohistochemistry(IHC). Moreover the expression of downstream proteins of the EGFR/STAT5 pathway(IL-2, IL-15, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL)were quantified in RA-FLS cells using western blot.

Result

It was found that EGFR expression was significantly different in RA synovium, and immunohistochemistry confirmed that EGFR and STAT5 was significantly expressed in RA synovium. Additionally, in vitro experiments using RA-FLS uncovered that protein expression levels of IL-2, IL-15, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL were significantly increased compared to normal FLS. More importantly, the protein expression levels of IL-2, IL-15, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL were significantly decreased after EGFR inhibitor use, while an opposite trend was observed when EGFR agonists were utilized.

Conclusion

Inhibiting EGFR/STAT5 signaling pathway results in the apoptosis of RA-FLS and prohibits the occurrence of RA-FLS inflammatory response, which can be used as a therapeutic target for RA.
Effects of different intervention methods on autophagic protein and inflammatory factors in testicular tissue of obese rats
Authors: Chen Lin , Li Ningchuan
Published: March 2023

Objective
To investigate the relationship between inflammation and autophagy in high-fat obese rats by applying three intervention methods (aerobic exercise/orlistat/food restriction).
Methods
Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC group, n = 10) and high fat model group (HC group, n = 67). 40 rats (n = 58) were randomly divided into high fat control group (HC group, n = 10), high fat exercise group (HE group, n = 10), high fat orlistat group (HO group, n = 10), high fat diet group (HR group, n = 10). After 8 weeks, the weight and body length of rats were measured, and Lee's index and body fat ratio were calculated; Four blood lipids in rat serum were detected by Elisa method. Inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in testicular tissue were detected by Elisa method. The expression levels of autophagic protein AKT and mTOR mRNA in testis were detected by RT-PCR.
Results
(1) Compared with NC group, the body weight and Lee's index of rats in HC group increased significantly (P < 0.01), and the body fat ratio increased significantly (P < 0.05); The body weight in HR group was significantly lower than that in HE and HO groups (P < 0.01). (2) Compared with NC group, the levels of TC, TG and LDL-C in serum of HC group increased significantly(P < 0.01), while the level of HDL-C decreased significantly(P < 0.01); Compared with HC group, the levels of TC and TG in HR and HE groups decreased significantly(P < 0.01), while the level of HDL-C in HR group increased significantly(P < 0.01). (3) The level of IL-6 in testicular tissue of HC group was significantly higher than that of NC group(P < 0.01). Compared with HC group, the level of IL-6 in HE and HR groups decreased significantly(P < 0.01), and the level of TNF-α in HR group decreased significantly(P < 0.05). (4) The expression level of AKT mRNA in testicular tissue of HC group was significantly higher than that of NC group(P < 0.05). Compared with HC, the expression level of each index in HO and HR groups was significantly increased(P < 0.01), and the AKT mRNA level in HE group was significantly higher than that in HC group(P < 0.05).
Conclusions
(1) The obese rat model reproduced in this study is successful. The three intervention methods can inhibit the weight growth of rats and effectively improve the dyslipidemia, of which the effect of food restriction intervention is the most significant. (2) The three intervention methods can effectively alleviate the inflammatory level in the testis of obese rats; The effect of aerobic exercise and food restriction intervention on reducing the level of inflammation is better than that of orlistat drug intervention. (3) Compared with food restriction intervention, exercise intervention has a greater impact on AKT and mTOR mRNA expression levels. The level of inflammatory factors is negatively correlated with the expression of autophagy related proteins, and autophagy level has a high degree of tissue specificity.
Towards understanding the prospects of select macrophytes as potential fish feed
Authors: Naseem Shahida , Bhat Sami Ullah , Gani Adil , Bhat Farooz Ahmad
Published: March 2023

Aquaculture provides high-quality protein reasonably at cheap cost. But the intensive aquaculture is facing expensive feeding cost because the key aquadiet ingredient- fishmeal is becoming very costly. In this scenario application of aquatic plants as an alternative for fishmeal has the potential to revolutionize aquafarming in meeting protein demand globally. Macrophytes grow abundantly in all water bodies and are considered as a nuisance in most of eutrophic aquatic systems. In the current study the nutritional profile of five aquatic plants, namely Azolla cristata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaea mexicana and Trapa natans, collected from the Dal Lake, Kashmir was evaluated. The proximate analysis was carried out as per standard methods of association of official analytical chemists (AOAC) and mineral analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results show that the crude protein lies in the range of 16–24% with Nymphaea mexicana showing the highest (24.13%) and Ceratophyllum demersum showing the lowest (16.07%) crude protein content. The crude lipid content ranges between 4–8% whereas ash content lies in the range of 11- 37.74% with C. demersum showing the highest (37.74%). Among the investigated macrophytes, the highest levels of potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese, cadmium and copper were recorded in C. demersum. Azolla cristata was rich in sodium and zinc, and Nelumbo nucifera in cobalt. Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids were present in all the investigated macrophytes except C. demersum. Our findings revealed that macrophytes are rich sources of fatty acids, protein and minerals besides their readily availability and high productivity and it is argued here in this paper they can prove as viable candidates for aquafeed in the future.
Ultrasound-based nomogram for predicting lateral cervical lymph node metastasis in thyroid papillary carcinoma
Authors: Chen Wenqin , Cang Qing , Lu Wenjuan , Yuan Ya , Li Lu , Deng Hongyan , Ye Xinhua
Published: March 2023

Objective: To explore the risk factors of lateral cervical lymph node metastasis(LLNM) in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC), establish a nomograph prediction model to predict the probability of LLNM before operation, reduce the risk of recurrence, avoid secondary surgery, and achieve the goal of accurate treatment.
Methods: In this retrospective study, 242 patients were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups according to the ratio of 7:3. The preoperative clinical data of patients (including ultrasonic characteristics and selected clinical characteristics) were collected, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) in the training cohort was used to screen the influencing factors. Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression, the nomograph model is established, and its performance is evaluated by its identification, calibration and clinical usefulness in training and validation cohorts.
Results: This study showed that age>45 years (OR 0.340; 95%CI 0.129-0.856), abnormal serum TG (OR 3.626; 95%CI 1.397-10.187), thyroid tumer location1 (OR 0.250; 95%CI 0.083-0.702), US-reported positive central cervical lymph node (CLN) (OR 3.116; 95%CI 1.152-8.601), and US-reported positive LLN (OR 8.426; 95%CI 3.192-23.779) were independent risk factors for LLNM of PTC. The nomogram constructed based on the above factors has good resolution and calibration in predicting the LLNM of PTC. The Concordance index (C-index) of the experimental group and the validation group are 0.880 and 0.937, respectively.
Conclusion: The nomogram based on ultrasound and clinical features constructed in this study has good performance in non-invasive predicting LLNM of PTC and is expected to promote clinical decision-making.
Traditional foods and herbal preparations to improve the perceived insufficiency of breast milk among lactating women in the Dire Dawa Administration, eastern Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Mohammed Aminu , Amsalu Bezabih
Published: March 2023

Background
Perceptions of insufficient breast milk quantity and the use of some traditional food items and local herbs to increase it are a common phenomenon worldwide, particularly in low-resource countries like Ethiopia. But the food items and herbs used are variable and inconsistent in different areas. So far, studies are scarce nationally and in the study area, and therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the use of traditional food items and local herbs for the perceived benefit of breast milk increment and its associated factors.
Methodology
: A community-based mixed study was conducted from October 01–30, 2022 in the Dire Dawa administration, eastern Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 722 participants for the quantitative study and purposive sampling for the qualitative study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and semi-structured questions for focus group discussion. Quantitative data were entered and cleaned by Epi DATA (Version 3.1) and analyzed using SPSS (Version 22). A P-value < 0.25 at bivariate to select variables for multivariate and ≤ 0.05 at multivariate with 95% confidence intervals was considered statistically significant. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis using open-source software.
Results
722 women for quantitative and nine focus group discussants for qualitative were included and the overall traditional food and local herbs use to increase perceived insufficient breast milk was 32.8% (95% CI: 29.4–36.6%). A higher age group (AOR = 2.31, 95%CI: 1.37–3.90), rural residence (AOR = 1.98, 95%CI: 1.21–3.23), no formal education (AOR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.16–4.36), primary level education (AOR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.18–3.46), presence of medical illness (AOR = 4.73, 95%CI: 1.96–11.43), prior use experience (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.78–4.46) and a lack of postnatal counseling (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.20–2.70) were associated with a higher likelihood of traditional food and local herbs use. Traditional food items and local herbs were the main identified themes in the qualitative results.
Conclusion
The extent of traditional food and local herbs use to increase perceived insufficient breast milk was a common practice and associated with women’s age, education, resident area, presence of medical illness, prior use experience, and a lack of postnatal counseling. Stakeholders were recommended to increase postnatal counseling and awareness while taking women's residence and education level into account, as well as conduct additional community-based research.
A Single Feed Graphene-based Circularly Polarized Antenna for THz Applications
Authors: Varshney Arun Kumar , Pathak Nagendra Prasad , Sircar Debabrata
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable, circularly polarized graphene-based antenna has been designed. The antenna consists of a truncated graphene patch and single series cross-aperture coupled feeding. Two orthogonal modes are generated by the sequential rotation of the electromagnetic signal on the graphene patch through the cross aperture in ground plane. The frequency reconfigurability can be achieved by varying the external dc bias voltage at the graphene patch. The proposed antenna can resonate in the broad range of frequencies from 1.22 to 1.44 THz at chemical potential from 0.5 to 1.0 eV. In this range of chemical potential, the axial ratio of the antenna is less than 3 dB. The maximum gain of antenna has been achieved up to 4.6 dBi with 62% radiation efficiency at the chemical potential of 1 eV.
Does the Size of Nanohydroxyapatite Associated With Anionic Collagen Scaffolds Interferes With Osteoblasts Bioactivity?
Authors: Freire Gildênio Estavam , Carvalho Elayne Valério , Veras Mariana de Oliveira Viana , Costa Deiziane Viana Silva , Rebouças Conceição da Silva Martins , Silva Guilherme Ferreira Maciel , Morais Maria Luana Gaudencio dos Santos , Góes Paula , Chaves Anderson Valério , Fechine Pierre Basílio Almeida , Brito Gerly Anne de Castro , Ferreira Júlio César Góes , Leitão Renata Ferreira de Carvalho
Published: March 2023

Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite morphology and its interaction with anionic collagen on osteoblast activity.
Materials and Methods
Murine osteoblasts were incubated with a commercial collagen scaffold (as a control) or collagen-nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds (Col-HANP) for 24 and 48 hours for viability and proliferation assessments by MTT and Ki67 immunofluorescence, respectively. The hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized in three different morphologies/sizes (labeled as Col-HANP 0h, as Col-HANP 2h, and as Col-HANP 5h) as a function of the hydrothermal synthetic approach. Osteoblast's activity was investigated by bone alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and Von Kossa mineralization assays. For biocompatibility evaluation, the scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsum of male Wistar rats for 7 and 15 days.
Results
The incubation of cells with Col-HANP 5h for 48h resulted in a significant increase in their proliferation and activity. The implantation of Col-HANP 5h in the subcutaneous tissue presented decreased recruitment of inflammatory cells and IL-1β levels on day 7, as well as an increase in collagen synthesis on day 15 compared to collagen and control groups.
Conclusions
The significant effects on osteoblasts proliferation and activity illustrate the potential application of Col-HANP 5h scaffold as a promising strategy for bone tissue engineering.
Partitions into Segal--Piatetski--Shapiro sequences
Authors: Li Ya-Li , Zhou Nian Hong
Published: March 2023

Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations.
Let κ be any positive real number and m ∈ N ∪ {∞} be given. Let pκ,m(n) denote the number of partitions of n into the parts from the Segal-Piatestki-Shapiro sequence ([ℓκ])ℓ∈N with at most m possible repetitions. In this paper, we establish some asymptotic formulas of Hardy{Ramanujan type for pκ,m(n). As a necessary step in the proof, we prove that the Dirichlet series ζκ(s) = ∑n≥1[nκ]−s can be continued analytically beyond the imaginary axis except for simple poles at s = 1/κ − j, (0 ≤ j < 1/κ, j ∈ Z).
Mathematics Subject Classification 2020| Primary 11P82; Secondary 11N37; 05A17
Cerebral Hemodynamic Changes Associated with Neuroinflammation under Seawater Immersion Hypothermia
Authors: Ye Dan , Hou Pengwei , Zhang Hao , Lin Yinghong , Lin Long , Yang Yang , Xu Yongjun , Wang Shousen
Published: March 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) combined with seawater immersion hypothermia (SIH) is one of the main causes of death and disability in shipwrecks. However, the impact of SIH on brain injury is still unclear. In this study, we used 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice to establish a controlled cortical impact model and simulate the hypothermia caused by seawater immersion after mice with TBI fell into seawater. The vital signs of the mouse model were continuously measured in the early stage of modeling, and the CBF of the mouse was recorded using laser scatter contrast imaging before and after modeling and after 6 and 24h. The cerebral cortex of 24h mice was collected for histopathological examination and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The behavioral functions were assessed by behavioral analysis. The results showed that brain parenchymal injury was exacerbated during hypothermia in mice with TBI. CBF was significantly reduced in the hypothermic group compared with the normothermic group, and the levels of some inflammatory cytokines significantly increased and were correlated with low CBF. Overall, the results of this study suggested a correlation between inflammatory progression and low CBF, indicating that venous blood flow might be used for assessing neuroinflammatory progression after hypothermic trauma.
Targeting of Focal Adhesion Kinase enhances the immunogenic cell death of PEGylated liposome doxorubicin to optimize therapeutic responses of immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Zhang Baoyuan , Li Ning , Gao Jiaming , Zhao Yuxi , Jiang Jun , Xie Shuang , Zhang Cuiping , Zhang Qingyu , Liu Leo , Wang Zaiqi , Ji Dongmei , Wu Linying , Ren Ruibao
Published: March 2023

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is widely considered to exert long-term treatment benefits by activating antitumor immunity. However, many cancer patients show poor clinical responses to ICB due in part to the lack of immunogenic niche. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is frequently amplified and acts as an immune modulator across cancer types. However, evidence illustrates that targeting FAK is most effective in combination therapy rather than in monotherapy. Here, we demonstrated that the FAK inhibitor, IN10018, and pegylated liposome doxorubicin (PLD) exerted effective antitumor activity clinically. It is noteworthy that the regimen exhibited response latency and long-lasting effects, outcomes frequently observed in immunotherapy. Our preclinical study confirmed that the 2-drug combination can maximize the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells. Thereby, this approach primed the tumor microenvironment, supplementing it with sufficient tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to activate antitumor immunity. The animal studies confirmed that the antitumor effects of ICB can be significantly enhanced by this doublet regimen. Finally, a further clinical trial exhibited that the triplet combination of PD-1 blockade, IN10018, and PLD has already established promising antitumor potency in the real world.
Deep Bug Reports Processing (DBRP): A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ahmad Aminu Abdullahi , Yu Lasheng , Kholief Mohamed , Haruna Khalid
Published: March 2023

Many software projects utilize Bug Tracking System (BTS) to manage and process bug reports. Over the years, the number of bug report submissions has increased exponentially with some projects receiving as many as about a hundred submissions daily. Bug report processing (BRP) consists of five key processes: duplicate detection, severity prediction, fix-time prediction, bug triage, and bug localization. Previously, traditional machine learning (ML) algorithms -based models were proposed to automate BRP tasks. However, in recent years deep BRP (DBRP) models were proposed to exploit the ever-increasing bug repositories for automatic extraction of semantic and contextual features of bug reports. Although, some papers reviewed related literature from many perspectives of software maintenance, no existing work comprehensively reviewed the state of DBRP. In this paper, we review the state of DBRP models in the five key BRP tasks. For this, we collect papers from four international databases published between 2015 and 2021. We evaluate the papers with regard to the deep neural networks, text representation models, and bug report features utilized. Finally, we present findings and prospects for future research works in DBRP. Our review analyzes how word embedding, CNNs, LSTMs, attention mechanism are used to represent bug report and source code, model performance and challenges such as data imbalance, feature utilization and complexity.
UoloNet: Based on Multi-tasking Enhanced Small Target Medical Segmentation Model
Authors: Zhang Kejia , Zhang Lan , Pan Haiwei
Published: March 2023

In recent years, UNET and its derivative models have been widely used in medical image segmentation with more superficial structures and excellent segmentation results. Due to the lack of modeling for the overall characteristics of the target, the division tasks of minor marks will produce some discrete noise points, resulting in a decline in model accuracy and application effects. We propose a multi-tasking medical image analysis model UoloNet, a YOLO-based target detection branch is added based on UNET. The shared learning of the two tasks through semantic segmentation and target detection has promoted the model’s mastery of the overall characteristics of the target. In the reasoning stage, merging the two functions of target detection and semantic seg-mentation can effectively remove discrete noise points in the division and enhance the accuracy of semantic segmentation. In the future, the target detection task will be the problem of excessive convergence of semantic segmentation tasks. The model uses CIOU losses instead of IOU losses in YOLO, which further improves the model’s overall accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified both in the MRI dataset SEHPI, which we posted and in the public dataset LITS.
Comparison of Kernel equating methods under NEAT and NEC designs
Authors: ÖZSOY Şeyma Nur , KİLMEN Sevilay
Published: March 2023

In this study, Kernel test equating methods were compared under NEAT and NEC designs. In NEAT design, Kernel post-stratification and chain equating methods taking into account optimal and large bandwidths were compared. In the NEC design, gender and/or computer/tablet use was considered as a covariate, and Kernel test equating methods were performed by using these covariates and considering bandwidths. The study shows that, in the NEAT design, Kernel chain equating methods exhibit higher error than the post-stratification equating methods do since the lowest error in the NEC design was obtained from the Kernel equating method with large bandwidth through the computer/tablet variable. Kernel test equating results based on the NEC design, which considers gender and computer tablet use variables as a covariate separately, showed lower SEE than that of the NEC pattern, which takes these variables together as covariates. In terms of the bandwidth, when all methods are compared within the pattern used (i.e., NEAT and NEC), it has been seen that generally Kernel test equating with large bandwidth results in fewer errors than the Kernel test equating with optimal bandwidth. When the NEAT and NEC designs are compared generally, the NEAT design has a lower SEE than that of the NEC design.
Pentahelix Movement Through Ecopreneurship-based Waste Management
Authors: Muyassarah Muyassarah , Muslim Muhammad Saiful , Faizah Fita Nurotul , Arafat Ahmad Tajuddin
Published: March 2023

Waste is a major problem in environmental management. This is due to the low level of public awareness and lifestyle toward waste management. This service aims to foster and increase public awareness of waste management and increase community ecopreneurship through training in making Eco-Enzyme in Langenharjo Village, Kendal. To achieve these goals, the UIN Walisongo community service team formed a Pentahelix movement by collaborating with the Kendal Regency Government Environment Office, Bank Sampah Induk (BSI) Kendal, Kendal Family Welfare Development Team (PKK), Kendal Industrial Estate (KIK) and Kendal Regency National Narcotics Agency (BNN). The implementation method uses the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method which includes three stages, preparation, implementation, and evaluation of activities. The number of training participants was 80 participants. The results of the service showed that the socialization and training of eco-enzyme were able to foster and increase public awareness by 80% with 65% from parents and the rest from millennials. This means that this socialization is quite effective and can really impact the surrounding community towards waste reduction. Meanwhile, the ecopreneurship training by turning waste into Eco-Enzyme was able to be followed by all participants, because the manufacturing process was quite easy. Unfortunately, the participation of participants from the millennial generation was still passive when compared to the enthusiasm of participants from the parent group. Nevertheless, this activity can be the first step in fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of the Langenharjo Kendal community through waste ecopreneurship.
Digital Promotional Content Training to Increase Tourist Attraction
Authors: Kurniawan Fajar Adhi , Hakim Muh. Luthfi , Alnashr M Sofyan
Published: March 2023

Digital content is a promotional medium that is growing and in demand at present, including promoting tourist destinations. Ease of access and a broader reach is why a digital promotion was chosen. However, there are still many tourist attraction managers who do not have enough literacy and ability to create digital promotional content. This community service uses the PLA (Participatory Learning and Action) method. The implementation of this activity involves several stages: assessment, planning, lobbying, organizing stakeholders, and the implementation and evaluation of CIPP. After completing the training program with this method, participants and managers of tourists have gained literacy about the importance of digital promotion. They have good skills in digital promotion, know how to promote tourist attractions through digital media, and can create interesting digital promotional content so that it can be an attraction for tourists.
BETWEEN LEXICON AND GRAMMAR: ON THE SYNTAX OF IDIOMS
Authors:   V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dobrovol’skij Dmitrij O.
Published: March 2023

The focus of the present study is a category that characterizes some types of phraseological units — the semantic analyzability of idioms. Syntactic variability of an idiom depends on how semantically independent parts of this idiom are. Thus, the semantic autonomy of the constituents of an idiom determines (along with other factors) its syntactic behavior. The greater the semantic independence of the individual constituents of the idiom, the greater the potential for its syntactic variation. Conversely, the stronger the semantic cohesion of the constituents of the idiom, the more it resists various modifications. Semantic analyzability of idioms is significant both from a practical and theoretical point of view. On the one hand, semantic analyzability helps to determine the limits of the variability of idioms, which is essential for solving a number of practical problems — first of all, for marking idioms in the corpus. On the other hand, semantic analyzability is a factor determining the place of a given unit on the lexicon-grammar axis. Linguistic phenomena located between lexicon and grammar are of increasing interest to linguists today. Usually phraseology as a whole — and in particular idioms as its central class — is considered to be belonging to the scope of the lexicon. The main distinguishing feature of idioms, which, although they generally obey the same grammatical rules as free phrases, is a single lexical meaning. Nevertheless, idioms are heterogeneous with respect to their position on the lexicon-grammar axis: non-analyzable idioms are closer to the lexical pole than analyzable ones. Refs 33.
“KALEIDOSCOPIC” NOVEL OF JOSIP OSTI IN THE ASPECT OF TRANSCULTURALITY
Authors:   Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasovec Aleksandra N.
Published: March 2023

The Slovenian-Bosnian poet, writer, essayist, literary critic, translator and editor Josip Osti (1945–2021) was born in Sarajevo, lived and worked in Slovenia since 1990. Being a recognized poet in his homeland, writing in Croatian, one of the largest translators of Slovenian literature into Serbo-Croatian, since 1997 he has been writing in Slovenian. The transcultural aspects of Josip Osti’s literary works, both poetry collections and novels, are a unique phenomenon. In our study, we turned to the novels of Josip Osti, namely his trilogy — Ghosts of the House of Heinrich Böll (2016), In Front of the Mirror (2016) and Life is a Creepy Fairy Tale (2019). All three works have a strong (auto)biographical component and form a special novel form, which the author calls the “kaleidoscope-mosaic” novel. The latter has a fragmented structure and consists of short stories, life stories, anecdotes, urban legends, essayistic notes, literary-critical digressions, lyrical passages, diary entries, etc. In Osti’s novels, we also find a connection with the tradition of short prose in Bosnian-Herzegovina literature, in particular, with the works of the 1990s by such authors as M. Jergović, D. Karahasan, N. Veličković, K. Zaimović and others. Their texts are characterized by a destabilized genre form, a mosaic narrative, personal and documentary evidence, and a palimpsest narrative model. The kaleidoscopic structure of Osti’s prose texts helps him to reflect the transcultural view characteristic of his intimate and artistic world, to embrace the complex overlap of heterogeneous elements. The novels are written in Slovene, but they are mainly devoted to the space of Sarajevo, the unique multicultural atmosphere of this city, as well as the tragedy unfolding in it; thus, the writer complements the so-called “Sarajevo text”, but already in the field of Slovenian literature, artistically comprehending the interconnectedness of Bosnia and Slovenia. Refs 19.
THE REFERENTIAL POTENTIAL OF NOUN GROUPS FORMED BY THE BULGARIAN INDEFINITE PRONOUNS AND THE PROPER NAME
Authors:   University of Pisa, Lazareva Viktoria A.
Published: March 2023

The article explores the referential potential of noun groups formed by the Bulgarian indefinite pronouns някой/някакъв (си) and the proper name. The study is based on authentic linguistic data from Bulgarian National Corpus and partly from other internet- sources. The linguistic data classified according to E. V. Paducheva’s classification of reference classes of noun groups. The referential approach allows all possible uses of noun groups to be described. There are only isolated observations on combinations of indefinite pronouns with proper names, which can be supplemented and reinterpreted according to specific research tasks. We are interested in the ability of indefinite pronouns to combine with different components of the meaning of the proper names. We show that: 1) the compatibility of a proper name with indicators of indeterminacy is not a rare or isolated case, but a systemic functioning; 2) the referential variation of the noun groups някой/някакъв (си) + proper name is due to the complex interaction between the semantics of indefinite pronouns and the proper name, which involves the denotative and significative components of the name’s semantics; 3) the proper names in combination with някой/някакъв (си) cover a wide spectrum of variability, revealing a predisposition to both referential and non-referential, as well as to predicate uses. In combination with indeterminatives, a proper name can realise its main functions as a linguistic sign: a) to act as a ‘code’ for an object; b) to identify an object; c) to characterise an object. We discuss ways of solving homonymy of different types of referential uses. Refs 22.
TRADITIONAL AND NEW FUNCTIONS OF EGO-COMPONENT IN WORD FORMATION IN GERMAN AND ENGLISH
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Melgunova Anna V.
Published: March 2023

The article considers traditional terminology as well as ego-component neologisms and occasionalisms in German and English and characterizes their structure and semantics. The research is based on German and English scientific and popular scientific works, as well as media articles. The Latin pronoun ego has long been used substantivized and in word formations in different languages. Traditionally, many ego-component words are terminological in nature. First of all, such vocabulary is common for psychological and philosophic terminology. The analysis of such lexical units is to determine new tendencies of how this pronoun component functions in word formation and how ego-component words operate in various texts. One of the tendencies is expanding the list of sciences where ego-component terms become common, for example, Ego-Dokumente in historical science. Another tendency is connected with the use of ego-component words in political life to criticize particular politicians or whole political parties. The emergence of neologisms such as der Ego-Shooter, ego surfing, das Ego-Googeln is associated with new technologies. The article also presents the variety of this vocabulary graphic representation in two languages. The novelty of the research lies in approaching the subject interdisciplinary by using terminology of different sciences and also analyzing occasionalisms and the role of context in their interpretation. The author concludes about a wide range of combinability of ego with roots from different languages, as well as the variability in the meaning of this component depending on the text subject. Refs 19.
SERPENT/DRAGON IN PLATO-ARISTOTELIAN POLEMICS OF THE 15TH CENTURY
Authors:   Russian Christian Academy for the Humanities, Semikolennykh Maria V.
Published: March 2023

The serpent or dragon and its fight with the dragonslayer is a traditional mythological and literary motif. It is also common for a polemical context, when an adversary — a schismatic, a heretic, a political opponent — is compared to a poisonous or fire-breathing monster. Among the many eschatological images that George of Trebizond cites in his dramatic characteristic of Plato and the Platonists in Comparatio philosophorum Aristotelis et Platonis (1458), there is also a comparison of Platonic teachings with a serpent, a dragon, or the many-headed Hydra. This is not a coincidence: George draws quite obvious parallels between the triumph of Platonism (which he hopes to prevent) and the triumph of the Antichrist, who is often described as dragon or associated with a snake; the association with the eloquent and treacherous serpent is also transparent. The opponents of George of Trebizond: Basilios Bessarion, Theodore Gaza, Niccolò Perotti, Domitio Calderini, — ignore George’s “eschatological” accusations. However, they also resort to the image of a dragon, snake, or chimera, applying it to George himself — in their writings, the struggle with his “serpentine tongue” and “all-besmearing infectious breath” turns into a kind of collective dragon slaying. The article discusses examples of comparison with a serpent/dragon in George of Trebizond, Niccolò Perotti, and Domitio Calderini’s writings, their context, and various interpretations of serpent/dragon motif. Refs 15.
KULISH AND BYRON (TO THE HISTORY OF DON JUAN’S TRANSLATIONS INTO UKRAINIAN)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Toichkina Alexandra V.
Published: March 2023

Translations of Byron’s works occupy a special place in the work of P. A. Kulish (1819– 1897). They can be divided into three parts: nine poems included in the poetry collection Borrowed kobza; Don Juan, first canto; Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. As far as we know, Kulish was the first to attempt to translate Byron’s last, unfinished poem into Ukrainian. He chose not the “learned” type of translation, but “rehash”, which allowed more free experimentation in the field of vocabulary and rhythm. The edition was published as a separate reprint in 1891. Kulish saw his task in providing a translation of Byron’s poem Don Juan to help the younger generation of Ukrainians as a kind of textbook of life, as a means of protecting oneself from spiritual passions, from human egoism. In addition, the translation of the poem was important for Kulish in terms of developing a lyrical narrative style, which he applied in his last poem Kulish in Hell. Byron developed his own style of narration and used a confidential tone in the poem, referring to the direct experience of the reader. Kulish’s translation into Ukrainian of such a complex and rich work in terms of vocabulary, intonation, and rhyme was a rather difficult experiment. This translation is important both for the study of the creativity of Kulish and the processes of formation of the Ukrainian literary language and Ukrainian poetry. Refs 10.
RIDDLES ABOUT CELESTIAL OBJECTS AND NATURE PHENOMENA IN СOLOMBIAN LINGUOCULTURE
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Usmanov Timur F. , Chesnokova Ol’ga S. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Published: March 2023

The article presents a study of the seven most common images of nature phenomena in folklore (the sun, the moon, the stars, the day, the night, the wind, the rain) in Colombian riddles. The riddle is one of the oldest genres of oral folk art, a means of preserving cultural memory, educating ingenuity and creative thinking. The article reflects the stages of the development of Colombian riddles from the appearance of the enigmatic genre in Europe, the popularization of the riddle in Spanish, its export to the New World to the acquisition of national-specific Colombian features that accumulated the features of European, Indigenous and African cultures. The material of the article was about 300 Colombian riddles, most of which were taken from collections of traditional riddles of the departments of Colombia; riddles posted in Colombian Internet sources. The article also presents the results of a linguistic experiment conducted among Russian and Colombian youth to solve Colombian riddles in Spanish. The main research methods are semantic, interpretative, linguoculturological analysis, cultural commentary. The main objective of the article is to analyze the ethnolinguistic features of the figurative representation of nature in the Colombian linguoculture, as well as to find out how modern youth understands the metaphorical description of natural phenomena in riddles. The article finds that the Colombian riddles combine traditional Spanish cryptic texts and the realities of everyday life, cultural and religious associations peculiar to Colombia. Refs 8.
Geology in the setting and landscape of the cinematographic work
Authors: Martínez Parra Marc
Published: March 2023

Cinematography, as the seventh art, uses the unique geological landscape in the setting of its creations. Geology, like everything that is related to its essence, is perceived by the human being through all its senses, reflected in its translation to the cinematographic work in terms of the setting of different scenarios, natural or artificial, where the filmic action unfolds. The various lithologies and their natural weathering form picturesque places, used in cinematography to represent the narrated stories and convey sensations to the viewer. These landscapes and morphologies are associated with the erosion of detrital materials, soft materials, deserts, dry lakes, volcanic rocks, and intrusive rocks or associated with karst modelling and within this landscape in exokarstic and endokarstic forms (caves and pits). All these landscapes, used wisely, provide the films with personality.
The Efficient Activity of Glabridin and its Derivatives Against EGFRmediated
Inhibition of Breast Cancer
Authors: Ghosh Arabinda , Ghosh Debanjana , Mukerjee Nobendu , Maitra Swastika , Das Padmashree , Dey Abhijit , Sharkawi Souty M.Z. , Zouganelis Georgios D. , Alexiou Athanasios , Chaudhari Somdatta Yashwant , Sharma Ritika , Waghmare Sonali Arun , Papadakis Marios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Published: March 2023

Background:

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most typical causes of cancer
death in women worldwide. Activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling
has been increasingly associated with BC development and resistance to cytotoxic
drugs. Due to its significant association with tumour metastasis and poor prognosis,
EGFR-mediated signaling has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target in BC. Mainly
in all BC cases, mutant cells over-expresses EGFR. Certain synthetic drugs are already
used to inhibit the EGFR-mediated pathway to cease metastasis, with several phytocompounds
also revealing great chemopreventive activities.

Methods:

This study used chemo-informatics to predict an effective drug from some selected
phytocompounds. The synthetic drugs and the organic compounds were individually
screened for their binding affinities, with EGFR being the target protein using molecular
docking techniques.

Results:

The binding energies were compared to those of synthetic drugs. Among phytocompounds,
Glabridin (phytocompound of Glycyrrhiza glabra) manifested the best dock
value of -7.63 Kcal/mol, comparable to that of the highly effective anti-cancer drug Afatinib.
The glabridin derivatives also exhibited comparable dock values.

Conclusion:

The AMES properties deciphered the non-toxic features of the predicted
compound. Pharmacophore modeling and in silico cytotoxicity predictions also exhibited
a superior result assuring their drug likeliness. Therefore, Glabridin can be conceived as
a promising therapeutic method to inhibit EGFR-mediated BC.