bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vital values and physical activity of future teachers
Authors: Kosiba Grażyna , Bogacz-Walancik Agnieszka , Gacek Maria , Wojtowicz Agnieszka , Majer Magdalena
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The key determinant of health, defined in the holistic model as a dynamic process aiming at psycho-physiological balance, is lifestyle. Values, as an integrated part of people’s beliefs, exert a significant influence on their behaviour, choices, development of identity, and interpretation of situations. The purpose of this study was to determine the place of vital values within the system of values, and to analyse the relationship between the place of vital values and the level of physical activity in future teachers.

Methods

The study was conducted among a randomly selected group of 486 students, including 416 women (85.60%) and 70 men (14.40%) (mean age: 23.39 years). A short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the level of physical activity. The Scheler Value Scale (SVS) served to evaluate the place of vital values in the students’ hierarchy of values.

Results

It was found that students respected moral and truth values the most, while vital values the least. The respondents were most likely to undertake moderate physical activity, with more men than women declaring a high level of physical activity and less often a moderate level. The more the students respected vital values, the more often they undertook physical activity.

Conclusions

The results have shown that more attention should be given to axiological education in order to enhance vital values in the hierarchy of values among future teachers.
Relationship between power condition, agility, and speed performance among young roller hockey elite players
Authors: Ferreira Andre , Enes Carla , Leao Cesar , Goncalves Lillian , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Lima Ricardo , Bezerra Pedro , Camoes Miguel
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The study was intended to describe the correlations between speed performance (11 m, 22 m, and 33 m) and agility test in skates with determinants of muscular power (squat jump, countermovement jump) in young Portuguese roller hockey athletes involved in a regional selection.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 10 male roller hockey players with mean (± SD) age of 14.20 (0.57) years, involved in the Portuguese national competition of under-15, making part of the final Oporto district selection of players to participate in inter-regional selections competition. Their mean (± SD) weight, height, body mass index, and sum of the skinfolds were 58.62 (8.78) kg, 165.72 (8.45) cm, 21.26 (1.52) kg/m2, 51.80 (14.91) mm, respectively. Furthermore, it strength was measured with squat jump and countermovement jump; sprinting time at 11 m, 22 m, and 33 m was determined, as well
as time in an agility t-test, conducted in roller skating. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to test the associations.

Results

Significant inverse correlations between vertical jumps, a practical method of power training monitoring, and linear velocity in skating (countermovement jump vs. speed, –0.78) were found. Despite the increasing complexity of the agility test, a moderate inverse correlation with strength was observed, too (–0.48).

Conclusions

Lower limbs explosive strength turned out a strong predictor of skating linear speed and agility among young roller hockey players, providing a simple evaluation tool of important determinants of performance.
Effects of age and gender in physiological responses, mechanics and performance of master swimmers
Authors: Lampadari Vasiliki , Thanopoulos Vassileios , Dopsaj Milivoj , Rozi Georgia
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to analyse the effects of age and gender in physiological responses, mechanics (stroke frequency, stroke length, stroke index), and performance time of master swimmers.

Methods

Overall, 34 male and 25 female master swimmers were divided into 2 age categories: (a) 30–39 years, (b) 40–49 years, and completed a 100-m freestyle swimming test with maximum intensity. Stroke mechanics and performance time were measured during the effort. Blood lactate concentration was determined after the test in the 3rd, 5th, and 10th minutes of passive recovery.

Results

Two-way ANOVA showed no interaction between gender and age category for any examined variable (p > 0.05). Maximum blood lactate was maintained in both genders despite ageing (p > 0.05) and was lower for females compared with males (p < 0.001). Higher values were observed for stroke frequency, stroke length, and stroke index for males (p < 0.05). For
both genders, the 30–39 years category had significantly higher values for stroke length (p = 0.020) and lower for stroke frequency (p = 0.014), indicating that these swimmers can produce stronger strokes than those in the 40–49 years category. Performance time values were significantly lower for males compared with females (p < 0.001), but did not change with ageing (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Despite ageing, swimmers are able to maintain all examined variables through a structured swimming training but with a possible decrease in stroke mechanics, independent of gender. Better values were observed for males compared with females probably owing to a greater muscle mass in the former.
Decision-making processes in Sylhet City Corporation: who plays the dominant role?
Authors: Mustofa Kamal Muhammad , Begum Anwara , Abdullah Al-Hossienie Chowdhury
Published: March 2019

A rational decision-making process is essential for municipal governments, as it promotes progressive development and makes them more democratic and service-oriented. This study explores the decision-making process in Bangladesh’s Sylhet City Corporation (SCC). Both primary data via a survey of relevant respondents and secondary data were collected. The study found that, although both the mayor and councillors participate in making decisions at the SCC, it is the mayor who plays the dominant and vital role, exercising power by convincing councillors of his leadership qualities. For these reasons, the decision-making process of the SCC is not fully democratic. If councillors were able to play a greater role, the decisions of the SCC would be more collective.

KeywordsDecision-making; urban local government; city corporation; mayor; councillor
What caused the extreme CO concentrations during the 2017 high-pollution episode in India?
Authors: Dekker Iris N. , Houweling Sander , Pandey Sudhanshu , Krol Maarten , Röckmann Thomas , Borsdorff Tobias , Landgraf Jochen , Aben Ilse
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), launched 13 October 2017,
has been measuring carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere
since early November 2017. In the first measurements, TROPOMI was able to
measure CO concentrations of the high-pollution event in India of November 2017. In this paper, we studied the extent of the pollution in India,
comparing the TROPOMI CO with modeled data from the Weather Research and
Forecasting model (WRF) to identify the most important sources contributing to
the high pollution, both at ground level and in the total column. We
investigated the period 11–19 November 2017. We found that residential and
commercial combustion was a much more important source of CO pollution than
the post-monsoon crop burning during this period, which is in contrast to
what media suggested and some studies on aerosol emissions found. Also, the
high pollution was not limited to Delhi and its direct neighborhood but the
accumulation of pollution extended over the whole Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP)
due to the unfavorable weather conditions in combination with extensive
emissions. From the TROPOMI data and WRF simulations, we observed a buildup
of CO during 11–14 November and a decline in CO after 15 November. The
meteorological conditions, characterized by low wind speeds and shallow
atmospheric boundary layers, were most likely the primary explanation for the
temporal accumulation and subsequent dispersion of regionally emitted CO in
the atmosphere. This emphasizes the important role of atmospheric dynamics in
determining the air quality conditions at ground level and in the total
column. Due to its rapidly growing population and economy, India is expected
to encounter similar pollution events more often in future post-monsoon and
winter seasons unless significant policy measures are taken to reduce
residential and commercial emissions.
Development of a unit-based industrial emission inventory in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and resulting improvement in air quality modeling
Authors: Zheng Haotian , Cai Siyi , Wang Shuxiao , Zhao Bin , Chang Xing , Hao Jiming
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The
Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region is a metropolitan area with the most
severe fine particle (PM2.5) pollution in China. An accurate emission
inventory plays an important role in air pollution control policy making. In
this study, we develop a unit-based emission inventory for industrial sectors
in the BTH region, including power plants, industrial boilers, steel,
non-ferrous metal smelting, coking plants, cement, glass, brick, lime,
ceramics, refineries, and chemical industries, based on detailed information
for each enterprise, such as location, annual production, production
technology/processes, and air pollution control facilities. In the BTH
region, the emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide
(NOx), particulate matter with diameter less than
10 µm (PM10), PM2.5, black carbon (BC), organic carbon
(OC), and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) from industrial
sectors were 869, 1164, 910, 622, 71, 63, and 1390 kt in 2014, respectively,
accounting for a respective 61 %, 55 %, 62 %, 56 %, 58 %,
22 %, and 36 % of the total emissions. Compared with the traditional
proxy-based emission inventory, much less emissions in the high-resolution
unit-based inventory are allocated to the urban centers due to the accurate
positioning of industrial enterprises. We apply the Community Multi-scale Air
Quality (CMAQ; version 5.0.2) model simulation to evaluate the unit-based
inventory. The simulation results show that the unit-based emission inventory
shows better performance with respect to both PM2.5 and gaseous
pollutants than the proxy-based emission inventory. The normalized mean
biases (NMBs) are 81 %, 21 %, 1 %, and −7 % for the
concentrations of SO2, NO2, ozone (O3), and
PM2.5, respectively, with the unit-based inventory, in contrast to
124 %, 39 %, −8 %, and 9 % with the proxy-based inventory;
furthermore, the concentration gradients of PM2.5, which are defined as
the ratio of the urban concentration to the suburban concentration, are 1.6,
2.1, and 1.5 in January and 1.3, 1.5, and 1.3 in July, for simulations with
the unit-based inventory, simulations with the proxy-based inventory, and
observations, respectively, in Beijing. For O3, the corresponding
gradients are 0.7, 0.5, and 0.9 in January and 0.9, 0.8, and 1.1 in July,
implying that the unit-based emission inventory better reproduces the
distributions of pollutant emissions between the urban and suburban areas.
Relative impact of aerosol, soil moisture and orographyperturbations on deep convection
Authors: Schneider Linda , Barthlott Christian , Hoose Corinna
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The predictability of deep moist convection depends on many factors such as the synoptic-scale flow, the geographical region (i.e., the presence of mountains), land surface–atmosphere as well as aerosol–cloud interactions. This study addresses all these factors by investigating the relative impact of orography, soil moisture and aerosols on precipitation over Germany in different weather regimes. To this end, we conduct numerical sensitivity studies with the COnsortium for Small-sale MOdelling (COSMO) model at high spatial resolution (500 m grid spacing) for six days with weak and strong synoptic forcing. The numerical experiments consist of (i) successive smoothing of topographical features, (ii) systematic changes in the initial soil moisture fields (spatially homogeneous increase/decrease, horizontal uniform soil moisture, different realizations of dry/wet patches), and (iii) different assumptions on the ambient aerosol concentration (spatially homogeneous and heterogeneous fields). Our results show that the impact of these perturbations on precipitation is on average higher for weak than for strong synoptic forcing. Soil moisture and aerosols are each responsible for the maximum precipitation response for three of the cases, while the sensitivity to terrain forcing always shows the smallest spread. For the majority of the analyzed cases, the model produces a positive soil moisture-precipitation feedback when averaged over the entire model domain. Furthermore, correct initial values are much more important than the spatial distribution of dry and wet patches. The precipitation response to changes in the CCN concentration is more complex and case dependent. The smoothing of terrain shows weaker impacts on days with strong synoptic forcing because surface fluxes are less important and orographic ascent is still simulated reasonably well, despite missing fine-scale orographical features. We apply an object-based characterization to identify if and how the perturbations affect the structure, location, timing, and intensity of precipitation. These diagnostics reveal that the structure component is highest in the soil moisture and aerosol simulations, often due to changes in the maximum precipitation amounts. This indicates that the dominant mechanisms for convection initiation remain, but that precipitation amounts depend on the strength of the trigger mechanisms. Location and amplitude parameters are both much smaller. Still, the temporal evolution of the amplitude component correlates well with the rain rate. Our results suggest that for quantitative precipitation forecasting, both aerosols and soil moisture are of similar importance and that their inclusion in convective-scale ensemble forecasting containing classical sources of uncertainty should be assessed in the future.
Effect of plateau pika disturbance and patchiness on ecosystem carbon emissions in alpine meadow in the northeastern part of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Qin Yu , Yi Shuhua , Ding Yongjian , Zhang Wei , Qin Yan , Chen Jianjun , Wang Zhiwei
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) disturbance and patchiness
intensify the spatial heterogeneous distribution of vegetation productivity
and soil physicochemical properties, which may alter the ecosystem carbon
emission process. Nevertheless, previous research has mostly focused on
the homogeneous vegetation patches rather than heterogeneous land surface.
Thus, this study aims to improve our understanding of the difference in
ecosystem respiration (Re) over heterogeneous land surface in an alpine
meadow grassland. Six different land surface types, namely large bald patches, medium bald
patches, small bald patches, intact grassland, above pika tunnel and pika
pile, were selected to analyze the response of Re to pika disturbance and
patchiness and the key controlling factors. The results showed that (1) Re
in intact grassland was 0.22–1.07 times higher than pika pile and bald
patches, (2) soil moisture (SM) of intact grassland was 2 %–11 %
higher than that of pika pile and bald patches, despite the fact that pika disturbance
increased the water infiltration rate while soil temperature (ST) in intact
grassland was 1–3∘ less than pika pile and bald patches, (3) soil
organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in intact grassland were
approximately 50 % and 60 % less than above pika tunnel, whereas
they were 10 %–30 % and 22 %–110 % higher than pika pile and bald
patches, and (4) Re was significantly correlated with SM, TN and vegetation
biomass (P<0.05). Our results suggested that pika disturbance and
patchiness altered the ecosystem carbon emission pattern, which was mainly
attributed to the reduction in soil water and supply of substrates. Given
the wide distribution of pikas and the large area of bald patches, the
varied Re in heterogeneous land surfaces should not be neglected in the
estimation of ecosystem carbon emissions at the plot or regional scale.
Assessing the impacts of reservoirs on the downstream flood frequency by coupling the effect of the scheduling-related multivariate rainfall into an indicator of reservoir effects
Authors: Xiong Bin , Xiong Lihua , Xia Jun , Xu Chong-Yu , Jiang Cong , Du Tao
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Many studies have shown that the downstream flood regimes have been significantly altered by upstream reservoir operation. Reservoir effects on the downstream flow regime are normally carried out by comparing the pre-dam and post-dam frequencies of some streamflow indicators such as floods and droughts. In this paper, a rainfall-reservoir composite index (RRCI) is developed to precisely quantify reservoir impacts on downstream flood frequency under the framework of covariate-based flood frequency analysis. The RRCI is derived from both the reservoir index (RI) of the previous study and the joint cumulative probability (JCP) of multiple rainfall variables (i.e., the maximum, intensity, volume and timing) of multiday rainfall input (MRI), and is calculated by a c-vine copula model. Then, using RI or RRCI as covariate, a nonstationary generalized extreme value (NGEV) distribution model with time-varying location and/or scale parameters is developed and used to analyze the annual maximum daily flow (AMDF) of Ankang, Huangjiagang and Huangzhuang gauging stations of the Hanjiang River, China with the Bayesian estimation method. The results show that regardless of using RRCI or RI, nonstationary flood frequency analysis demonstrates that the overall flood risk of the basin has been significantly reduced by reservoirs, and the reduction increases with the reservoir capacity. What’s more, compared with RI, RRCI through incorporating the effect of the scheduling-related multivariate MRI can better explain the alteration of AMDF. And for a given reservoir capacity (i.e., a specific RI), the flood risk (e.g., the Huangzhuang station) increases with the JCP of rainfall variables and gradually approaches the risk of no reservoir (i.e., RI = 0). This analysis, combining the reservoir index with the scheduling-related multivariate MRI to account for the alteration in flood frequency, provides a comprehensive approach and knowledge for downstream flood risk management under the impacts of reservoirs.
Evaluating seasonal hydrological extremes in mesoscale (pre-)Alpine basins at coarse 0.5° and fine hyperresolution
Authors: Buitink Joost , Uijlenhoet Remko , Teuling Adriaan J.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Hydrological models are being applied for impact assessment across a wide range of resolutions.
In this study, we quantify the effect of model resolution on the simulated hydrological response
in five mesoscale basins in the Swiss Alps using the distributed hydrological model Spatial
Processes in Hydrology (SPHY). We introduce a new metric to compare a range of values resulting
from a distributed model with a single value: the density-weighted distance (DWD). Model simulations
are performed at two different spatial resolutions, matching common practices in hydrology:
500 m × 500 m matching regional-scale models, and 40 km × 40 km matching global-scale modeling.
We investigate both the intra-basin response in seasonal streamflow and evapotranspiration from the
high-resolution model and the difference induced by the two different spatial resolutions, with a
focus on four seasonal extremes, selected based on temperature and precipitation.
Results from the high-resolution model show that the intra-basin response covers a surprisingly
large range of anomalies and show that it is not uncommon to have both extreme positive and negative
flux anomalies occurring simultaneously within a catchment. The intra-basin response was grouped by
land cover, where different dominant runoff-generating processes are driving the differences between
these groups. The low-resolution model failed to capture the diverse and contrasting response from
the high-resolution model, since neither the complex topography nor land cover classes were properly represented.
DWD values show that, locally, the hydrological response simulated with a high-resolution model can be
a lot more extreme than a low-resolution model might indicate, which has important implications for
global or continental scale assessments carried out at coarse grids of 0.5∘×0.5∘ or 0.25∘×0.25∘ resolution.
Projected decrease in wintertime bearing capacity on different forest and soil types in Finland under a warming climate
Authors: Lehtonen Ilari , Venäläinen Ari , Kämäräinen Matti , Asikainen Antti , Laitila Juha , Anttila Perttu , Peltola Heli
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Trafficability in forest terrain is controlled by ground-bearing
capacity, which is crucial from the timber harvesting point of view. In winter, soil
frost affects the most the bearing capacity, especially on peatland soils
which have in general low bearing capacity. Ground frost similarly affects
the bearing capacity of forest truck roads. A 20 cm thick layer of
frozen soil or 40 cm thick layer of snow on the ground may already be sufficient for
heavy forest harvesters. In this work, we studied the impacts of climate
change on soil frost conditions and, consequently, on ground-bearing capacity
from the timber harvesting point of view. The number of days with good
wintertime bearing capacity was modelled by using a soil temperature model
with a snow accumulation model and wide set of downscaled climate model data
until the end of the 21st century. The model was calibrated for different
forest and soil types. The results show that by the mid-21st century, the
conditions with good bearing capacity will decrease in wintertime in Finland,
most likely by about 1 month. The decrease in soil frost and wintertime
bearing capacity will be more pronounced during the latter half of the
century, when drained peatlands may virtually lack soil frost in most of
winters in southern and western Finland. The projected decrease in the
bearing capacity, accompanied with increasing demand for wood harvesting from
drained peatlands, induces a clear need for the development of sustainable
and resource-efficient logging practices for drained peatlands. This is also
needed to avoid unnecessary harvesting damages, like rut formation on soils
and damage to tree roots and stems.
Assessment of geodetic velocities using GPS campaign measurements over long baseline lengths
Authors: Duman Huseyin , Sanli Dogan Ugur
Published: March 2019

Abstract. GPS campaign measurements are frequently used in order to determine
geophysical phenomena such as tectonic motion, fault zones, landslides, and
volcanoes. When observation duration is shorter, the accuracy of coordinates
are degraded and the accuracy of point velocities are affected. The
accuracies of the geodetic site velocities from a global network of
International GNSS Service (IGS) stations were previously investigated using
only PPP. In this study, we extend which site velocities will
also be assessed, including fundamental relative positioning. PPP-derived
results will also be evaluated to see the effect of reprocessed JPL products,
single-receiver ambiguity resolution, repeating survey campaigns minimum
3 days at the site, and eliminating noisier solutions prior to the year 2000.
To create synthetic GPS campaigns, 18 globally distributed, continuously operating IGS stations were chosen. GPS data were processed comparatively using
GAMIT/GLOBK v10.6 and GIPSY-OASIS II v6.3. The data of synthetic campaign GPS
time series were processed using a regression model accounting for the linear
and seasonal variation of the ground motion. Once the velocities
derived from 24 h sessions were accepted as the truth, the results from sub-sessions were
compared with the results of 24 h and hypothesis testing was applied for the
significance of the differences. The major outcome of this study is that on
global scales (i.e. over long distances) with short observation sessions, the
fundamental relative positioning produces results similar to PPP. The
reliability of the velocity estimation for GPS horizontal baseline components
has now been improved to about 85 % of the average for observation
durations of 12 h.
Brief communication: Modulation instability of internal waves in a smoothly stratified shallow fluid with a constant buoyancy frequency
Authors: Chow Kwok Wing , Chan Hiu Ning , Grimshaw Roger H. J.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Unexpectedly large displacements in the interior of the
oceans are studied through the dynamics of packets of internal waves, where
the evolution of these displacements is governed by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
In cases with a constant buoyancy frequency, analytical treatment can be performed. While
modulation instability in surface wave packets only arises for sufficiently
deep water, “rogue” internal waves may occur in shallow water and
intermediate depth regimes. A dependence on the stratification parameter
and the choice of internal modes can be demonstrated explicitly. The spontaneous
generation of rogue waves is tested here via numerical simulation.
On-farm study reveals positive relationship between gas transport capacity and organic carbon content in arable soil
Authors: Colombi Tino , Walder Florian , Büchi Lucie , Sommer Marlies , Liu Kexing , Six Johan , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. , Charles Raphaël , Keller Thomas
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Arable soils may act as a sink in the global carbon cycle, but the
prediction of their potential for carbon sequestration remains challenging.
Amongst other factors, soil aeration is known to influence root growth and microbial
activity and thus inputs and decomposition of soil organic carbon. However,
the influence of soil aeration on soil organic carbon content has been explored only little, especially at the farm level. Here, we investigated
relationships between gas transport properties and organic carbon content in
the topsoil and subsoil of 30 fields of individual farms, covering a wide
range of textural composition. The fields were managed either conventionally,
organically, or according to no-till practice. Despite considerable overlap
between the management systems, we found that tillage increased soil gas
transport capability in the topsoil,
while organic farming resulted in higher soil organic
carbon content. Remarkably, higher gas transport capability
was associated with higher soil organic carbon content, both in the topsoil
and subsoil (0.53 < R2 < 0.71). Exogenous organic
carbon inputs in the form of crop residues and organic amendments, in
contrast,
were not related to soil organic carbon content. Based on this, we conjecture
that higher gas transport capability resulted in improved conditions for root
growth, which eventually led to increased input of soil organic carbon. Our
findings show the importance of soil aeration for carbon storage in soil and
highlight the need to consider aeration in the evaluation of carbon
sequestration strategies in cropping systems.
Homenaje a Rainer Dombois
Authors: Pries Ludger
Published: March 2019

Nota necrológica de homenaje a Rainer Dombois
Trade-Off Phillips Curve, Inflation and Economic Implication: The Kenyan Case
Authors: Hongo Duncan Omenda , Li Fanglin , Ssali Max William
Published: March 2019

This paper investigated the trade-off and inflation drivers based on the Phillips curve framework to determine the relationship and their impact between inflation, unemployment and output for Kenyan case from 2006:M1 to 2016:M12 by contrasting the 2SLS on 2 different measures of marginal cost with 3 differently instrumented shocks. Results confirmed; (1) significant trade-off that reduced inflation by 2.09% and 0.08% when unemployment and output respectively increase by 1%, while, 1% increase in output demeaned unemployment by 0.02%, (2) the forward-looking inflation and unemployment significantly drive observed inflation, and (3) unlike monetary supply, oil shocks best accounts for the observed dynamics. Although laudable policies been implemented by fiscal and macro-economic planners, they have not achieved the odds to sufficiently contain the import shocks, making both unemployment and the rational expectations to significantly drive the observed inflation. However, revisiting of the incumbent fiscal policies and their tight implementation would facilitate long term price stabilities to reduce the inflationary dynamics. To the significant import shocks, the state should foster feasible macro-economic diversifications, investments policies, modern technologies in real economic activity production, and renewable energy sourcing that would facilitate robust economic growth that would curb large revenue outflows due to commodity imports and cushioning the devaluation of the Kenyan shilling.
The Impact of Financial Leverage and CSR on the Corporate Value: Egyptian Case
Authors: Tarek Yasmeen
Published: March 2019

The study aimed to analyze the effect of the capital structure of the corporate and its interference in corporate social responsibility activities on the firms corporate value during the time period from 2014-2017 the study tested the effect of financial leverage and CSR on the corporate value of the firms by testing 17 companies registered in the indicator of CSR in the Egyptian stock market through applying panel data analysis. After testing the effect of both variables together the study found that there is significant effect of financial leverage on corporate value while applying CSR activities has no effect on the corporate values which means that there is a lack in the awareness of investors about the importance of applying CSR activities in Egypt.
Teachers’ Organizational Communication and Their Job Motivation
Authors: Akdemir Öznur Ataş
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of teachers’ organizational communication on their job motivation. The research model is correlational survey model. The participants of the study are 111 teachers working at public elementary schools in Turkey. Organizational Communication Scale and Job Motivation Scale are used as data collection instruments. For data analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and basic linear regression analysis are applied with SPSS. The findings of the study showed that teachers’ organizational communication and job motivation levels are at high level. Also, it is determined that there is a positive, high and significant relationship between teachers’ organizational communication and their job motivation. Besides, teachers’ organizational communication significantly predicts their job motivation. The findings of this study are discussed with related researches and some suggestions are presented.
The man’s courage and valour in the biblical and contemporary times
Authors: Kałużny Ryszard
Published: March 2019

The article attempts to analyse and interpret the man’s behaviour (actions) in different situations of threat and in different historical epochs. These are behaviours which can be described as heroic, courageous, valorous and dauntless, aimed at defending other people and bringing help at the risk of endangering one’s own life and health. The analysis covered the helpful behaviour of the Good Samaritan and David’s defensive combat from the Biblical period and, from the contemporary times, a certain priest’s behaviour during the black smallpox epidemic in Wrocław and Antoni Zdrojewski’s defensive combat during the Second World War
Cyber space – risks to children and young people - research results
Authors: Kopczewski Marian , Napieralska Agnieszka
Published: March 2019

The 21st century is undoubtedly a period of enormous progress in the field of digital technology, a period in which the boundary between the real world and the virtual world becomes less and less visible. The Internet has undeniably become a facilitation of everyday life, since it is a tool of work, communication or a way to spend free time for many users. The virtual world is present in almost all areas of our lives, and people spend more and more time in front of the computer screens, operating websites, e-mails or social networks. Highly developed digital technology is a boon of the 21st century, but despite its numerous advantages, negative aspects are also visible. Virtual knowledge displaces physical interpersonal contacts; physical activity is replaced by spending free time in front of a computer monitor. Various threats (social, psychological, psychological, ethical and moral) resulting from modern digital technologies and the increasing degree of dependence on them are extremely significant. The authors of this article present the results of own research, aiming at making the reader aware that there are both positive and negative aspects of the virtual world.
APPLIED QUASIPOTENTIAL METHOD FOR SOLVING THE COEFFICIENT PROBLEMS OF PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION OF ANISOTROPIC MEDIA
Authors: Bomba Andrii , Safonyk Andrij , Michuta Olha , Boichura Mykhailo
Published: March 2019

A numerical method of quasiconformal mappings for solving the coefficient problems of finding eigenvalues of the conductivity tensor having information about its directions in an anisotropic medium using applied quasipotential tomographic data is generalized. The corresponding algorithm is based on the alternate solving of problems on quasiconformal mappings and parameter identification. The results of numerical experiments of imitative restoration of environment structure are presented.
Seminario "Historia y Humanidades Digitales". Ciudad Real, 7-9 de noviembre de 2017
Authors: Céspedes Belmonte Natalia
Published: March 2019

Durante los días 7, 8 y 9 de noviembre de 2017 se celebró en la Facultad de Letras de Ciudad Real el seminario titulado "Historia y Humanidades Digitales", con Francisco Fernández Izquierdo (CSIC), Francisco J. Moreno Díaz del Campo (UCLM) y David Martín López (UCLM) como coordinadores. Durante el seminario, se mostró a los asistentes la utilidad que posee la tecnología de cara a facilitar el trabajo en el marco de la disciplina histórica, poniendo de manifiesto distintas funcionalidades y enfoques que los avances en la informática ponen a disposición de los profesionales de la Historia, aunque pueden ser aplicados a cualquier disciplina humanística. Tuvieron lugar un total de 6 conferencias, además de un taller de introducción al uso de gestores bibliográficos como Zotero, y una exposición titulada "Videojuegos y Edad Media".
Introducción
Authors: Rodríguez Ortega Nuria
Published: March 2019

El III Congreso de la Sociedad Internacional de Humanidades Digitales Hispánicas (HDH), celebrado en Málaga del 18 al 20 de octubre de 2017, ha dado la oportunidad de reunir un conjunto significativo de trabajos e investigaciones en torno a temas que tuvieron como eje la capacidad de transformación –epistémica, disciplinar, social, cultural y política– de las Humanidades Digitales. Se incluyen aquí investigaciones que centran su atención en la aplicación de instrumentos y procesos tecnológicos para la preservación y el análisis cultural.
Median nerve entrapment in a callus fracture following a pediatric both-bone forearm fracture: A case report and literature review
Authors: Fourati Amine , Ghorbel Iyadh , Karra Amir , Elleuch Mohamed Habib , Ennouri Khalil
Published: March 2019

Forearm fractures are common injuries in childhood. Median nerve entrapment is a rare complication of forearm fractures, but several cases have been reported in the literature. This case report discusses the diagnosis and management of median nerve entrapment in a 13-year-old male who presented acutely with a both-bone forearm fracture and numbness in the median nerve distribution. Following the delayed diagnosis, surgical exploration revealed complete nerve entrapment and a nerve graft was performed.
Volumetric change of the latissimus dorsi muscle after immediate breast reconstruction with an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap
Authors: Nam Su Bong , Oh Heung Chan , Choi Jae Yeon , Bae Seong Hwan , Choo Ki Seok , Kim Hyun Yul , Lee Sang Hyup , Lee Jae Woo
Published: March 2019

Background In immediate breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous (eLDMC) flap, the volume of the flap decreases, which causes a secondary deformity of the breast shape. Since little research has investigated this decrease in muscle volume, the authors conducted an objective study to characterize the decrease in muscle volume after breast reconstruction using an eLDMC flap.

Methods Research was conducted from October 2011 to November 2016. The subjects included 23 patients who underwent mastectomy due to breast cancer, received immediate reconstruction using an eLDMC flap without any adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and received a computed tomography (CT) scan from days 7 to 10 after surgery and 6 to 8 months postoperatively. In 10 patients, an additional CT scan was conducted 18 months postoperatively. Axial CT scans were utilized to measure the volumetric change of the latissimus dorsi muscle during the follow-up period.

Results In the 23 patients, an average decrease of 54.5% was observed in the latissimus dorsi muscle volume between the images obtained immediately postoperatively and the scans obtained 6 to 8 months after surgery. Ten patients showed an average additional decrease of 11.9% from 6–8 months to 18 months after surgery.

Conclusions We studied changes in the volume of the latissimus dorsi muscle after surgery using an eLDMC flap performed after a mastectomy without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In this study, we found that immediate breast reconstruction using a latissimus dorsi muscle flap led to a decrease in muscle volume of up to 50%.
Facial reanimation with masseter nerve–innervated free gracilis muscle transfer in established facial palsy patients
Authors: Oh Tae Suk , Kim Hyung Bae , Choi Jong Woo , Jeong Woo Shik
Published: March 2019

Background The masseter nerve is a useful donor nerve for reconstruction in patients with established facial palsy, with numerous advantages including low morbidity, a strong motor impulse, high reliability, and fast reinnervation. In this study, we assessed the results of masseter nerve–innervated free gracilis muscle transfer in established facial palsy patients.

Methods Ten patients with facial palsy who received treatment from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study. Three patients received masseter nerve–only free gracilis transfer, and seven received double-innervated free gracilis transfer (masseter nerve and a cross-face nerve graft). Patients were evaluated using the Facial Assessment by Computer Evaluation software (FACEgram) to quantify oral commissure excursion and symmetry at rest and when smiling after muscle transfer.

Results The mean time between surgery and initial movement was roughly 167.7 days. A statistically significant increase in excursion at rest and when smiling was seen after muscle transfer. There was a significant increase in the distance of oral commissure excursion at rest and when smiling. A statistically significant increase was observed in symmetry when smiling. Terzis’ functional and aesthetic grading scores showed significant improvements postoperatively.

Conclusions Masseter nerve innervation is a good option with many uses in in established facial palsy patients. For some conditions, it is the first-line treatment. Free gracilis muscle transfer using the masseter nerve has excellent results with good symmetry and an effective degree of recovery.
Determining Textbook Cost, Formats, and Licensing with Google Books API: A Case Study from an Open Textbook Project
Authors: Costello Eamon , Bolger Richard , Soverino Tiziana , Brown Mark
Published: March 2019

The rising cost of textbooks for students has been highlighted as a major concern in higher education, particularly in the US and Canada. Less has been reported, however, about the costs of textbooks outside of North America, including in Europe. We address this gap in the knowledge through a case study of one Irish higher education institution, focusing on the cost, accessibility, and licensing of textbooks. We report here on an investigation of textbook prices drawing from an official college course catalog containing several thousand books. We detail how we sought to determine metadata of these books including: the formats they are available in, whether they are in the public domain, and the retail prices. We explain how we used methods to automatically determine textbook costs using Google Books API and make our code and dataset publicly available.
Who Will Use This and Why? User Stories and Use Cases
Authors: Ford Kevin M
Published: March 2019

User stories and use cases help focus any development project on those who stand to benefit, i.e. the project’s stakeholders, and can guard simultaneously against insufficient planning and software bloat. And the concepts, though most often thought of with respect to large-scale projects, apply in all circumstances, from the smallest feature request to an existing system to the redesign of a complex system.
Letter from the Editor (March 2019)
Authors: Varnum Kenneth J.
Published: March 2019

Announcing our new regular column, Public Libraries Leading the Way, and summarizing this issue's contents.
Jens Mungard - Strandtidslen er min blomst
Authors: Nissen Mogens Rostgaard
Published: March 2019

I februar 1940 døde den frisiske digter Jens Emil Mungard i koncentrationslejren Sachsenhausen. Det var afslutningen på et brydsomt liv. Han blev født i Keitum på Sild som søn af den kendte landmand og sprogforsker, Nann Mungard, og de to havde et kompliceret forhold til hinanden. Jens Mungards gård blev brændt af efter, at hans far i 1920 havde deltaget meget aktivt i afstemningskampen for at få øens befolkning til at stemme dansk. Det så de tysksindede frisere på Sild ikke på med milde øjne. Efter den nazistiske magtovertagelse i 1933 kom han hurtigt på kant med regimet og begyndte at skrive kritiske digte om styret. Samtidig skrev Jens Mungard mere end 800 poetiske digte på den frisiske dialekt, Sölring, og han regnes af  flere som den vigtigste nordfrisiske digter.
"Die nationale Pflicht für das Mutterland"
Authors: Von Qualen Sidsel Maria
Published: March 2019

Den 9. april 1940 klokken 04.15 overskred den tyske værnemagt den dansktyske grænse, og den tyske besættelse af Danmark var efter få timer en realitet. Dagen var for store dele af det tyske mindretal i Nordslesvig en glædens dag, da man stadig nærede et stærkt håb om en grænserevision og derfor regnede med, at besættelsen ville bringe en sådan med sig. Mindretallet strømmede ud på gader og stræder i Nordslesvig for med jubelråb og nazihilsen at byde de tyske tropper velkommen som befriere. For at ønsket om en grænserevision kunne opfyldes, måtte mindretallet dog yde sin tørn for moderlandets store kamp, og kimen til det tyske mindretals kollaboration under besættelsen var dermed lagt.
Giftulykken i Simmersted
Authors: Nielsen Leif Hansen
Published: March 2019

Natten mellem den 20. og 21. januar 1972 klokken ca. 23.30 forulykkede en tankvogn i den lille landsby Simmersted ti km nordvest for Haderslev i Sønderjylland. Det var for så vidt et banalt uheld, men omstændighederne gjorde, at netop dette uheld fik afgørende betydning for miljøpolitikken i Danmark. Det var landets første større forureningsulykke. I denne artikel undersøges det, hvordan dette uheld kunne udvikle sig til en kæmpe forureningskatastrofe. Fokus er rettet mod det umiddelbare beredskab, men også på følgerne af forureningen samt de økonomiske og politiske konsekvenser.
Graastens ældre Historie
Authors: Jørgensen A. D.
Published: March 2019

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Nordslesvig i 1888
Authors: Johannsen Gustav
Published: March 2019

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DE LA CONVERSATION ET DE LA DANGEROSITÉ DES COQUETTES
Authors: RANNAUD ADRIEN
Published: March 2019

Ce texte aborde les manifestations figuratives et discursives de la mondanité dans le roman Angéline de Montbrun de Laure Conan. Délaissant le journal intime d’Angéline, très souvent commenté par la critique universitaire, il étudie exclusivement la première partie et l’échange de lettres, afin de traquer les façons de montrer et de raconter les sociabilités mondaines canadiennes-françaises du xixe siècle. Deux constats orientent cette analyse. D’une part, loin de s’en tenir aux personnages principaux (Angéline, Charles, Maurice et Mina), le système épistolaire de la première partie fait intervenir une série de voix, de présences et de liens sociaux qui dépassent le cadre spatial principal de la maison de Valriant. Les veillées, les soupers et les visites de notables ou de paysans, entre autres, sont les marqueurs d’une inscription des personnages dans un réseau de sociabilité plus vaste et diversifié qu’il n’y paraît. D’autre part, la première partie est largement dominée par la forme de la conversation où le plaisir de parler n’a d’égal que le vide de la lettre que chacun tente de remplir. Il appert cependant que la conversation, notamment celle de Mina, favorise la construction et la consolidation des liens sociaux.
LA DÉFIGURATION COMME RECONQUÊTE DE SOI
Authors: VIEN MYRIAM
Published: March 2019

Cet article se propose de mettre à l’épreuve l’hypothèse selon laquelle la
défiguration d’Angéline de Montbrun, élément central du récit qui la dirige sur la voie de
l’écriture, constitue par là un geste éminemment libérateur, vecteur de renouveau jusque
dans la forme même du roman. En plus d’affranchir l’héroïne de la loi du Père et de lui
permettre de se construire une image bien à elle, la transformation physique de l’héroïne
offre à l’oeuvre même une voie de sortie du roman. En effet, remaniant les canevas consacrés
de la littérature du terroir, l’auteure y introduit une écriture de l’intime qui déroute les
conventions romanesques en faisant de la fragmentation sa nouvelle poétique.
Pèlerin et réfugié
Authors: Brouillette André
Published: March 2019

Le réfugié et le pèlerin sont des figures éminemment contemporaines qui se rejoignent dans le mouvement marquant leur être. Le pèlerin est par essence habité par la transcendance et le désir, et tendu vers le lieu saint. Le réfugié constitue lui aussi une figure de déplacement, marquée par l’urgence du départ et la radicalité de la transformation identitaire. Le contraste des dimensions constitutives de l’être-réfugié et de l’être-pèlerin éclaire d’un jour nouveau la nature de ces deux figures, leurs fondements s’entrelaçant dans l’expérience migratoire du peuple de l’Exode et la manière d’être du Christ en chemin. Le regard théologique croisé du réfugié et du pèlerin met en lumière leur commune fluidité, mais révèle aussi une interpellation réciproque à l’aulne de la radicalité du réfugié et de l’hospitalité du pèlerin. Pèlerin et réfugié esquissent ainsi le chemin d’une expérience itinérante de Dieu en post-modernité.