bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nickel ferrite nanoparticles doped on hollow carbon microspheres as a novel reusable catalyst for synthesis of N-substituted pyrrole derivatives
Authors: Mousavi Setareh , Naeimi Hossein , Ghasemi Amir Hossein , Kermanizadeh Shadan
Published: July 2023

Pyrroles are widely spread worldwide because of their critical applications, especially pharmacology. An expedition method for one-pot synthesis of N-substituted pyrrole derivatives has been presented by a reaction between 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran and various primary aromatic amines in the presence of NiFe2O4 anchored to modified carbon hollow microspheres (NiFe2O4@MCHMs) as a recoverable reactive catalyst. The Classon-Kass method has been used to synthesize the pyrroles in excellent yields and short reaction times in the same direction with green chemistry rules. This reaction was carried out by employing NiFe2O4@MCHMs as a catalyst to make a simple procedure with short activation energy in water as an accessible, non-toxic, and biodegradable solvent. This catalyst provides a promising pathway to synthesize N-substituted pyrroles several times in a row through the recyclability without remarkable loss of its catalytic activity. The NiFe2O4@MCHMs nanocatalyst was characterized by applying FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, BET, TGA, VSM, and elemental mapping techniques. Also, the synthesized N-substituted pyrrole derivatives were identified using melting point, FT-IR, and 1H NMR analyses.
Characteristic associated with alcohol drinking in early pregnancy: a cross sectional study
Authors: Saxov Kristina R. , Pristed Sofie Gry , Kesmodel Ulrik Schiøler
Published: July 2023

We aimed to identify characteristics associated with alcohol drinking before and during pregnancy to better target pregnancy guidance and public health campaigns. A cross sectional study including 1895 pregnant women interviewed at 16 weeks’ gestation. Information on characteristics and drinking habits before and during pregnancy was collected by in-person interview. Associations between characteristics and alcohol consumption were estimated by ordinal logistic regression models. Average alcohol intake before pregnancy was categorised; 0; > 0–3; > 3–6; > 6 drinks/week; and intake during pregnancy 0; < 1; 1–3; > 3 drinks/week; binge drinking 0; 1; 2; 3; ≥ 4 episodes. Characteristics for average alcohol intake before pregnancy were older age, odds ratio (OR) 3.99 (95% CI 2.77–5.74) when being 35 years or older. Schooling > 10 years, being primiparous and partner’s alcohol consumption were also significantly associated with average alcohol intake before pregnancy. Characteristics for average alcohol intake during pregnancy were age 25 to  < 35 years, OR 0.78 (CI 95% 0.61–0.98) and being single OR 1.52 (CI 95% 1.01–2.29). Characteristics for binge drinking during pregnancy were smoking OR 1.34 (CI 95% 1.06–1.69) when binge drinking was defined as ≥ 3 drinks/occasion and OR 1.49 (CI 95% 1.18–1.91) when defined as ≥ 5 drinks/ occasion. Other characterises found with a significant association were schooling > 10 years, being single, being primiparous and partner’s alcohol consumption. We identified characteristics that may be considered when counselling pregnant women or women planning to conceive. Public persuasive campaigns can be used to reach the general public, especially women of childbearing age, before they start planning to conceive, but also their partners, since women with partners consuming alcohol, did show to be more likely to consume alcohol during pregnancy.
Unsupervised blind image quality assessment via joint spatial and transform features
Authors: Yang Chao , He Qinglin , An Ping
Published: July 2023

A novel unsupervised blind image quality assessment (BIQA) method, which requires no mean opinion scores for model training is presented in this paper. The method employs joint spatial and transform features as quality degradation metrics, specifically, phase congruency, gradient magnitude (GM), and GM and Laplacian of Gaussian response and local normalized coefficient are extracted as spatial features, and Karhunen–Loéve transform coefficient and discrete cosine transform coefficient are modeled as transform features. Both spatial and transform features are well analyzed to remove the redundancy, and then fitted to the multivariate Gaussian model for no-reference image quality assessment. Extensive experiments conducted on seven IQA databases demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art both supervised and unsupervised BIQA methods.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates: the natural biopolyester for future medical innovations
Authors: Ren Zi-Wei , Wang Ze-Yu , Ding Yan-Wen , Dao Jin-Wei , Li Hao-Ru , Ma Xue , Yang Xin-Yu , Zhou Zi-Qi , Liu Jia-Xuan , Mi Chen-Hui , Gao Zhe-Chen , Pei Hua , Wei Dai-Xu
Published: July 2023

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a family of natural microbial biopolyestersviawith excellent biodegradability and biosafety, can be produced optimallyviasynthetic biology and designed to various medical devices for medical applications.
Puncture-resistant self-healing polymers with multi-cycle adhesion and rapid healability
Authors: Li Bingrui , Ge Sirui , Zhao Sheng , Xing Kunyue , Sokolov Alexei P. , Cao Peng-Fei , Saito Tomonori
Published: July 2023

Tuning the chemical and physical crosslinks of poly(dimethyl siloxane)-based elastomers enables significantly enhanced puncture-resistant property with rapid self-healing capability.
TALKIEN: crossTALK IntEraction Network. A web-based tool for deciphering molecular communication through ligand–receptor interactions
Authors: Moratalla-Navarro Ferran , Moreno Víctor , Sanz-Pamplona Rebeca
Published: July 2023

TALKIEN is a user-friendly tool to infer molecular communication between different cellular entities. Based on ligand–receptor and protein–protein interactions, it allows the user to generate new biological hypothesis about molecular communication.
Charge controlled interactions between DNA-modified silica nanoparticles and fluorosurfactants in microfluidic water-in-oil droplets
Authors: Sheshachala Sahana , Huber Birgit , Schuetzke Jan , Mikut Ralf , Scharnweber Tim , Domínguez Carmen M. , Mutlu Hatice , Niemeyer Christof M.
Published: July 2023

The self-assembly of DNA-modified silica nanoparticles in microfluidic droplets was investigated using a new fluorosurfactant. Such droplets can be used for cell encapsulation.
Multifunctional effects in magnetic nanoparticles for precision medicine: combining magnetic particle thermometry and hyperthermia
Authors: Barrera Gabriele , Allia Paolo , Tiberto Paola
Published: July 2023

Magnetite nanoparticles behave has heat sources or as temperature sensors depending on effective anisotropy and driving field frequency.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed [3 + 2] spiroannulation of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazines with 4-hydroxy-2-alkynoates throughortho-C–H bond functionalization
Authors: Nagesh Kommu , Manda Jagadish , Sridhar B. , Subba Reddy B. V.
Published: July 2023

A [3 + 2]-spiroannulation of 2-aryl-1,4-benzoxazines with 4-hydroxy-2-alkynoates has been developed for the synthesis of highly rigid spirolactones through a cascade ofortho-C–H annulation followed by lactonization.
Three-dimensional porous Co foam with nanosheets subunits for high-performance electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion
Authors: Chen Jie , He Xun , Li Jun , Li Xiuhong , Cai Zhengwei , Luo Yongsong , Zheng Dongdong , Li Tingshuai , Wang Yan , Liu Qian , Sun Shengjun , Farouk Asmaa , Hamdy Mohamed S. , Sun Xuping , Ying Binwu
Published: July 2023

Three-dimensional porous Co foam/TP is a high-performance catalyst for electrochemical NO3−-to-NH3 conversion, delivering a large NH3 yield of 600.6 μmol h−1 cm−2 and a high faradaic efficiency of 96.5%.
Dynamics of hydroxide-ion-driven reversible autocatalytic networks
Authors: Lantos Emese , Mótyán Gergő , Frank Éva , Eelkema Rienk , van Esch Jan , Horváth Dezső , Tóth Ágota
Published: July 2023

An autocatalytic reaction network is designed utilising the interplay of hydroxide concentration dependent reactions and acid–base equilibria of imine hydrolysis.
Photophysical and biological assessment of coumarin-6 loaded polymeric nanoparticles as a cancer imaging agent
Authors: Gregoriou Yiota , Gregoriou Gregoria , Manoli Andreas , Papageorgis Paris , Mc Larney Benedict , Vangeli Despoina , McColman Sarah , Yilmaz Vural , Hsu Hsiao-ting , Skubal Magdalena , Ogirala Anuja , Athanasiou Evangelia , Cramb David T. , Dietis Nikolas , Strati Katerina , Itskos Grigorios , Constantinou Andreas I. , Andreou Chrysafis
Published: July 2023

Coumarin-6 is used as a model hydrophobic drug to investigate delivery to tumors via polymeric micelles. Photophysical characterization, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments showcase this platform for cancer diagnosis and imaging.
Controllable adhesion behavior in underwater environments
Authors: Wu Hongyue , Zhang Bolun , Liu Xiaochen , Liu Yuzhou , Cui Jing , Chu Zhongyi
Published: July 2023

A novel micro-wedge adhesive pad system for dexterous and controllable grasping of underwater flexible objects.
Bypassing the scaling relationship with spin selectivity: construction of Lewis base-functionalized heterostructural 2D nanosheets for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Karmakar Arun , Mahendiran Durairaj , Madhu Ragunath , Murugan Palanichamy , Kundu Subrata
Published: July 2023

A successful bypassing from the scaling relation of the deprotonation of OH* and O2desorption process in a spin polarized manner is observed due to the presence of negatively polarized S2−ions and magnetic ordering in Ni3S4@CoFe-LDH.
A novel Gd3+ DTPA-bisamide complex with high relaxivity as an MRI contrast agent
Authors: Ru Jiaxi , Xu Weiyuan , Kou Manchang , Dong Hu , Tang Xiaoliang , Chen Yu , Kang Lingling , Dai Lixiong , Liang Chao
Published: July 2023

A novel Gd(iii) complex-based MRI contrast agent GdL has been designed and synthesized, which exhibited a much higher relaxivity than the commercially used Magnevist®, good water solubility, excellent stability, high biosafety and biocompatibility.
Multifunctional optical sensing platform of temperature, pressure (vacuum) and laser power density: NaYF4: Gd3+, Yb3+, Er3+ nanomaterial as luminescent thermometer, manometer and power meter
Authors: Hernández-Álvarez Christian , Brito-Santos Gabriela , Martín Inocencio R. , Sanchiz Joaquín , Saidi Kamel , Soler-Carracedo Kevin , Marciniak Łukasz , Runowski Marcin
Published: July 2023

Luminescent thermometer, power meter and manometer working using the band intensity ratio 525/550 nm.
An insight into battery degradation for the proposal of a battery-friendly charging technique
Authors: Sah Bikash , Kumar Praveen
Published: July 2023

Lithium-ion batteries have become popular for electric vehicles due to their exceptional ability to deliver a high specific power and energy density.
Efficient UAV path planning using coverage map‐based value iteration
Authors: Wu Zhaozhou , Zhang Xingqi
Published: July 2023

This letter presents an efficient coverage map‐based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigation framework in cellular communication systems. Unlike previous research that focused on viewing UAV navigation as a Markov decision process in unknown continuous state space and leveraged various model‐free and deep neural network‐based reinforcement learning algorithms, a more straightforward and efficient model‐based value iteration algorithm is proposed. The algorithm leverages prior knowledge obtained through empirical channel models to develop a sampled coverage map that can be used in value iteration. A deep neural network is subsequently trained with supervised learning to approximate the optimal Q function in continuous state space. Finally, the trained neural network is applied to obtain a UAV trajectory that optimizes the objective function.
PM 1-322: New variable planetary nebula
Authors: Paunzen E. , Bernhard K. , Budaj J. , Hambsch F.-J. , Hümmerich S. , Jones D. , Krtička J.
Published: July 2023

Context. Spectra of planetary nebulae (PNe) are characterised by strong forbidden emission lines and often also by an infrared (IR) excess. A few PNe show dust obscuration events and/or harbour long-period binaries. Some post-asymptotic giant branch stars, symbiotic stars, or B[e] stars may feature similar characteristics. Recently, dust clouds eclipsing white dwarfs were also detected.

Aims. We report the discovery of an object with a very peculiar variability pattern that bears signatures compatible with the above-mentioned classes of objects. The object is ZTFJ201451.59+120353.4 and identifies with PM 1-322.

Methods. The object was discovered in Zwicky Transient Facility archival data and investigated with historical and newly obtained photometric and spectroscopic observations.

Results. The ZTF r and g data show a one magnitude deep, eclipse-like event with a duration of about half a year that occurred in 2022. The variability pattern of the star is further characterised by several dimming events in the optical region that are accompanied by simultaneous brightenings in the red and IR regions. Apart from that, two fast eruption-like events were recorded in ZTF r data. Archival data from WISE indicate long-term variability with a possible period of 6 or 12 yr. Our follow-up time series photometry reveals a stochastic short-term variability with an amplitude of about 0.1 mag on a timescale of about one hour. The spectral energy distribution is dominated by IR radiation. Our high-resolution spectroscopy shows strong forbidden emission lines from highly ionised species and symmetric double-peaked emission in Hα, which is very different from what is seen in earlier spectra obtained in 2007.

Conclusions. Several explanatory scenarios are presented. Our most likely interpretation is that our target object involves a hot central star surrounded by gaseous and dusty disks, an extended nebula, and a possible companion star. Further observations are required to shed more light on the true nature of this enigmatic object.
All quiet on the western front? The evolutionary history of monogeneans (Dactylogyridae:Cichlidogyrus, Onchobdella) infecting a West and Central African tribe of cichlid fishes (Chromidotilapiini)
Authors: Moons Tanisha , Kmentová Nikol , Pariselle Antoine , Artois Tom , Bert Wim , Vanhove Maarten P.M. , Cruz-Laufer Armando J.
Published: July 2023

Owing to the largely unexplored diversity of metazoan parasites, their speciation mechanisms and the circumstances under which such speciation occurs – in allopatry or sympatry – remain vastly understudied. Cichlids and their monogenean flatworm parasites have previously served as a study system for macroevolutionary processes,e.g., for the role of East African host radiations on parasite communities. Here, we investigate the diversity and evolution of the poorly explored monogeneans infecting a West and Central African lineage of cichlid fishes: Chromidotilapiini, which is the most species-rich tribe of cichlids in this region. We screened gills of 149 host specimens (27 species) from natural history collections and measured systematically informative characters of the sclerotised attachment and reproductive organs of the parasites. Ten monogenean species (Dactylogyridae:CichlidogyrusandOnchobdella) were found, eight of which are newly described and one redescribed herein. The phylogenetic positions of chromidotilapiines-infecting species ofCichlidogyruswere inferred through a parsimony analysis of the morphological characters. Furthermore, we employed machine learning algorithms to detect morphological features associated with the main lineages ofCichlidogyrus. Although the results of these experimental algorithms remain inconclusive, the parsimony analysis indicates that West and Central African lineages ofCichlidogyrusandOnchobdellaare monophyletic, unlike the paraphyletic host lineages. Several instances of host sharing suggest occurrences of intra-host speciation (sympatry) and host switching (allopatry). Some morphological variation was recorded that may also indicate the presence of species complexes. We conclude that collection material can provide important insights on parasite evolution despite the lack of well-preserved DNA material.
Arthroscopic Resection Arthroplasty for Scapholunate Advanced Collapse Wrist
Authors: Cobb Tyson , Chase Collin , Cobb Jessica
Published: July 2023

Purpose Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) wrist results from an untreated scapholunate dissociation and is the most common type of degenerative arthritis of the wrist. The most common surgical treatments for SLAC wrist are proximal row carpectomy and four-corner fusion with scaphoid excision. Arthroscopic surgical treatment for SLAC wrist has been reported; however, only limited data on functional outcomes are available. The purpose of this study is to report our 5-year follow-up clinical outcomes for arthroscopic treatment for SLAC wrist.

Methods Thirty-one consecutive cases of arthroscopic resection arthroplasty for SLAC wrist were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, range of motion, grip strength, and pain (on 0–10 scale) as well as postoperative satisfaction (0 = not satisfied, 5 = completely satisfied) were recorded. Grip and range of motion were measured by an occupational therapist.

Results The preoperative pain score was 7 and 0.18 postoperatively. The mean satisfaction at final follow-up was 4.8. Preoperative and final follow-up scores of the mean DASH was 48 and 3, respectively. The total arc of motion was 114 degrees preoperatively and 126.5 degrees postoperatively. Mean grip strength before surgery was 41 and 49 kg at final follow-up.

Conclusion Arthroscopic resection arthroplasty for SLAC wrist results in significant improvement in patient function as measured by DASH and pain scores.

Type of Study/Level of Evidence Therapeutic IV.
Analysis of social welfare impact of crop pest and disease damages due to climate change: a case study of dried red peppers
Authors: Han Donggeun , Yoo Donghee , Kim Taeyoung
Published: July 2023

Climate change can affect agricultural production both directly and indirectly. The direct impact is through climate change itself while the indirect impact is through the outbreak of pests and diseases (P&D) affected by climate change. We measured the difference in social welfare change of dried red peppers in monetary values between these two effects based on constructed three models. In the P&D damage model, the effects of climatic factors on P&D damages were analyzed. In the yield model, the direct and indirect effects of climatic factors on the dried red pepper yields were analyzed. Lastly, the effect of rising temperatures on the social welfare of dried red peppers was measured in monetary values using the equilibrium displacement model (EDM). As a key result, although these rising temperatures increase the yields and social welfare, there are differences in social welfare change between with and without P&D damages, and the difference increases over time. This implies that global climate change can affect agricultural production around the world, which can affect food security around the world beyond changes in crop prices and social welfare. So rigorous pest control and damage predictions are needed.
Correlation between properties of various carbon defects and electrochemical charge carrier storage mechanisms for use in Li- and Na-based rechargeable batteries
Authors: Ito Yuta , Ni Jiayuan , Lee Changhee , Gao Xinli , Miyahara Yuto , Miyazaki Kohei , Abe Takeshi
Published: July 2023

With the growing interest in promising energy sources for high-energy-demand devices, the development of materials for use in rechargeable batteries based on electrochemical charge carrier storage, such as Li and Na, has attracted intensive attention. Among them, carbon materials (e.g., graphene, graphite, and disordered carbons) have been extensively used as electrode materials for battery systems because of their critical advantages, namely, relatively good charge carrier storage capability, low cost, abundant resources, and simple manufacturing process. In particular, various types of defects are indispensably formed in the carbon structure during the manufacturing processes, which significantly influence their electrochemical charge carrier storage mechanisms and thus determine the electrochemical properties of the carbon-based rechargeable battery systems. This comprehensive review summarizes the correlation between the fundamental properties of carbon defects and electrochemical Li and Na storage mechanisms for Li- and Na-based rechargeable batteries, representative cations using battery systems, with a special focus on atomic-scale science and technology, which have a notable role in investigating and understanding the interaction between the defect phases and charge carriers in carbon structures. First, various carbon defects are categorized for the purpose of this work; then, computational/experimental methods for analyzing them and their critical properties (especially electronic structure) are introduced because identifying defect types is critical. Next, the roles and influences of carbon defects on electrochemical charge carrier storage mechanisms (especially adsorption and intercalation [insertion], diffusion, and formation of metal clusters) are described for Li- and Na-based rechargeable batteries. This study focuses on the physicochemical and electrochemical properties, which are key characteristics of carbon defects that determine their optimal utilization in rechargeable battery systems.
Gap fluctuations, Cooper pairs with finite center-of-mass momentum, and suppression of superconductivity in inhomogeneous systems with dopant superpuddles agglomerates
Authors: Velasco Victor , Neto Marcello B Silva
Published: July 2023

Spatially extended aggregates or clusters of dopants are ubiquitous in a plethora of granular superconducting systems, such as Al-dopedMgB2and N-dopedMo2N, forming a droplet network that is very important to their characterization and to the description of their superconducting properties. At the same time, one of the most studied classes of unconventional superconducting materials are the high-temperature superconductors, where special attention is given to the hole-doped cuprates, where the carrier concentration is controlled by the amount of extra interstitial oxygen dopants. In this context, the formation of spatially inhomogeneous aggregates of interstitial dopant oxygen atoms, in the form of nanosized superpuddles, is not only relevant, but also a subject of intense recent experimental and theoretical surveys. Following these efforts, in this work we investigate the consequences of the presence of networks of inhomogeneously distributed dopant superpuddles on the superconducting state. Starting from the inhomogeneous extended disordered background brought by the network of superpuddles, we demonstrate, with the aid of an effective interaction between electrons mediated by the local vibrational degrees of freedom of each puddle, that the Cooper pairs arising from an attractive interaction in an inhomogeneous medium have a finite center-of-mass (CM) momentum,p, that breaks up the Cooper channel. Furthermore, we derive an analytical expression for the amplitude of the superconducting gap,Δk, in terms of disorder and finite CM momentum and show that amplitude fluctuations are induced in the superconducting state by the presence of the superpuddles, where both the gap and the critical temperature are reduced by disorder and finite momentum pairs. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of synchronized networks of superconducting oxygen nano-puddles in cuprates and in other granular superconducting systems.
The establishment of national diagnostic reference levels for adult SPECT-CT in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Qahtani Saeed Mueed , Alidasroos Moaaz Aqeel , Alkhybari Essam M , Althomali Marwan Ahmed , Alomari Ali Hamed , Bawazeer Omemh Abdullah , Hawsawi Hassan B , Aamry Ali Ibrahim , Asiri Jaber Abdulwahab , Aloufi Azzam Abdulaziz , Aljehani Amr Dakhilallah , Al-Osaimi Maram Bandar , Alosaimi Areej Khalid , Alsulami Anwar Khalaf , Sabi Ahmed Yahya , Kamli Talal Mosa , Sulieman Abdelmoneim Adam , Ajlouni Abdul-Wali
Published: July 2023

This study aims to introduce national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for adult hybrid single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) in nuclear medicine (NM) departments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The administered activity (AA) of radiopharmaceuticals, volume-weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) for ten hybrid SPECT/CT examinations were collected and analysed for one year. The median of AA, CTDIvol and DLP for each dose quantity was derived and the suggested national DRLs were determined based on the 75th percentile for all identified SPECT-CT examinations. A comparison of the defined adult NDRLs in Saudi Arabia with the published data of other countries was performed. Although there are no significant variations of the proposed NDRL of AA between countries, the proposed NDRLs of the integrated CT metrics exceed the published data in most procedures. NM departments are urged to consider optimisation for both image quality and radiation protection.
Teaching physics using Microsoft Excel-II
Authors: Uddin Zaheer , Razzak Atteeq , Ahmed Fayzan , Iqbal Majid
Published: July 2023

Conventional teaching is rapidly changing, and online and simulated software are adding up in teaching. Simulations on spreadsheets have become popular due to their ubiquitous and easily understandable. In this paper, we demonstrate three physics topics: the motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field, the motion of a projectile, and the simple harmonic motion of a simple pendulum. The third example is a demonstration of an experiment on a simple pendulum to find the time period of a simple pendulum and study the amplitude’s effect on it. Students can perform the whole experiment on the spreadsheet in real-time.
An electromechanical dynamic stiffness matrix of piezoelectric stacks for systematic design of micro/nano motion actuators
Authors: Ling Mingxiang , Wu Shilei , Luo Zhihong , Chen Liguo , Huang Tao
Published: July 2023

Piezoelectric stacks have proved to be effective for micro/nano motion actuators with large blocking forces. A critical problem is to build their electro-mechanical model for systematic design of statics and dynamics including piezoelectric hysteresis and elasto-kinematics of compliant mechanisms. To ease this issue, this paper proposes a new electro-mechanical dynamic stiffness matrix of piezoelectric stacks to enable a systematic analysis. Positive and inverse piezoelectric effects are included into the dynamic stiffness matrix of Timoshenko beams in the form of Taylor’s series with a clear definition of physical parameters. Consequently, the Jacobian matrix, input/output stiffness, natural frequencies, frequency-domain spectrums of mechanical displacement and electrical impedance as well as the time-domain response of piezoelectric hysteresis can be fully obtained with a single modeling process. Particularly, the time-domain response in the presence of piezoelectric rate-dependent hysteresis and dynamic resonance behaviors of compliant mechanisms is captured in a parameter-insightful way but not the manner in Hammerstein hysteresis model with a black-box transfer function. Experiments on a proof-of-concept prototype of precision positioning stage verify the easy operation and satisfying prediction accuracy of the presented approach.
Quantum algorithm for twin extreme learning machine
Authors: Ning Tong , Yang Youlong , Du Zhenye
Published: July 2023

Twin extreme learning machine (TELM) is a powerful learning algorithm, which aims at learning two nonparallel hyperplanes for data classification. However, classical TELM algorithm becomes computationally expensive when it involves big data sets. In this paper, we devise a quantum TELM algorithm to address this issue. Specifically, we first utilize the quantum amplitude estimation algorithm to prepare the desired input states and then call the quantum linear systems of equations, which adopts block-encoding technique, to obtain the model parameters in the training process. Then we invoke the swap test to estimate the distances from a new data point to the two hyperplanes and then make a classification in the prediction stage. The final complexity analysis demonstrates that our algorithm has an exponential speedup under certain conditions over the classical counterpart.
Approximate Mei symmetries of pp-wave spacetimes
Authors: Kausar Umara , Feroze Tooba
Published: July 2023

In this paper, first order approximate Mei symmetries of the geodetic Lagrangian for some classes of the pp-wave spacetimes are obtained. These classes of pp-wave spacetimes include plane wave spacetimes in which (i). H = α
2
x
2(ii). H = α
x
2
u
−2 (iii). H = α
2
x
2
u
−4 and for pp-wave spacetimes (iv). H = α
x

n
(where H is called scale factor and α is a constant). After that, approximate Mei invariants are calculated corresponding to each case.
General mapping of one-dimensional non-Hermitian mosaic models to non-mosaic counterparts: Mobility edges and Lyapunov exponents
Authors: Jiang 蒋 Sheng-Lian 盛莲 , Liu 刘 Yanxia 彦霞 , Lang 郎 Li-Jun 利君
Published: July 2023

We establish a general mapping from one-dimensional non-Hermitian mosaic models to their non-mosaic counterparts. This mapping can give rise to mobility edges and even Lyapunov exponents in the mosaic models if critical points of localization or Lyapunov exponents of localized states in the corresponding non-mosaic models have already been analytically solved. To demonstrate the validity of this mapping, we apply it to two non-Hermitian localization models: an Aubry–André-like model with nonreciprocal hopping and complex quasiperiodic potentials, and the Ganeshan–Pixley–Das Sarma model with nonreciprocal hopping. We successfully obtain the mobility edges and Lyapunov exponents in their mosaic models. This general mapping may catalyze further studies on mobility edges, Lyapunov exponents, and other significant quantities pertaining to localization in non-Hermitian mosaic models.
Study on neural entrainment to continuous speech using dynamic source connectivity analysis
Authors: Yang Kai , Wu Shuang , Zhou Di , Gan Lin , Zhang Gaoyan
Published: July 2023

Objective.Many recent studies investigating the processing of continuous natural speech have employed electroencephalography (EEG) due to its high temporal resolution. However, most of these studies explored the response mechanism limited to the electrode space. In this study, we intend to explore the underlying neural processing in the source space, particularly the dynamic functional interactions among different regions during neural entrainment to speech.Approach.We collected 128-channel EEG data while 22 participants listened to story speech and time-reversed speech using a naturalistic paradigm. We compared three different strategies to determine the best method to estimate the neural tracking responses from the sensor space to the brain source space. After that, we used dynamic graph theory to investigate the source connectivity dynamics among regions that were involved in speech tracking.Main result.By comparing the correlations between the predicted neural response and the original common neural response under the two experimental conditions, we found that estimating the common neural response of participants in the electrode space followed by source localization of neural responses achieved the best performance. Analysis of the distribution of brain sources entrained to story speech envelopes showed that not only auditory regions but also frontoparietal cognitive regions were recruited, indicating a hierarchical processing mechanism of speech. Further analysis of inter-region interactions based on dynamic graph theory found that neural entrainment to speech operates across multiple brain regions along the hierarchical structure, among which the bilateral insula, temporal lobe, and inferior frontal gyrus are key brain regions that control information transmission. All of these information flows result in dynamic fluctuations in functional connection strength and network topology over time, reflecting both bottom-up and top-down processing while orchestrating computations toward understanding.Significance.Our findings have important implications for understanding the neural mechanisms of the brain during processing natural speech stimuli.
Hyperbolic function based hybrid consistent adaptive sequential DL algorithms for PIR sensor based intruder detection
Authors: De Pubali , Chatterjee Amitava , Rakshit Anjan
Published: July 2023

This study demonstrates that a novel dictionary learning
(DL) algorithm-based approach can be successfully used in
conjunction with an indigenously developed hardware module, using
four pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors, to enhance the performance
of an intruder detection system. In this work, initially, a
hyperbolic function based Consistent Adaptive Sequential Dictionary
Learning (CAS-DL) algorithm has been proposed (HCAS-DL). Then
another dictionary learning algorithm, called label consistency
based K-SVD (LCK-SVD) is considered, where the label information of
each dictionary atom has been introduced to enforce discriminability
in sparse code. The objective function in LCK-SVD is formuated
simultaneously considering the concept of label consistency (LC)
constraints, reconstruction errors, and classification errors. Next,
the newly proposed HCAS-DL is hybridized with LCK-SVD to form a
novel version of hybrid consistent adaptive sequential dictionary
learning approach, named here as the LC-HCAS-DL algorithm.
Extensive experiments have been performed to establish the
suitability of our proposed approach for the problem under
consideration. The performance evaluation clearly establishes that
the LC-HCAS-DL algorithm can achieve superior performance compared
to recently proposed LC-MCAS-DL algorithm and other state-of-the-art
algorithms for the intruder detection problem under consideration.
PicoTDC: a flexible 64 channel TDC with picosecond resolution
Authors: Altruda Samuele , Christiansen Jorgen , Horstmann Moritz , Perktold Lukas , Porret David , Prinzie Jeffrey
Published: July 2023

The PicoTDC is a 64 channel TDC (Time to Digital Converter) ASIC, with 3ps or 12ps time binning, developed at CERN for use in a large variety of high channel count scientific instrumentation. Acquired time measurements are processed on-chip with a programmable buffering and triggered data flow architecture before being read out on 1 to 4 byte-wise readout ports with a total readout bandwidth of up to 10 Gbps. Leading edge, falling edge or leading edge together with pulse width can be captured at burst rates as high as 1.2 GHz and sustained rate of 320 MHz per channel. Effective single-shot time resolution has been measured to be 3.7 ps RMS across all 64 channels over its full dynamic range and as good as 1.35 ps RMS when using an on-chip adjustment feature optimized for a specific channel (0.43 ps if averaged over multiple measurements). The PicoTDC is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process and 20 k chips have been produced and packaged in a 400 pin plastic BGA package.
Effect of ultrasonic surface shot peening on the microstructure and properties of Cu-8Cr alloy
Authors: Wang Xiang , Jiang Chang , Liu Tao , Qin Dan , Chen Baoquan , Zhang Xuehui , Liang Tongxiang
Published: July 2023

Surface nanocrystalline layers were prepared on Cu-8Cr alloy using ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) technique by controlling the pellet size and shot peening time. The tissue morphology, microstructure, surface hardness, surface strength and corrosion resistance of the generated surface nanolayers were systematically characterized using x-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the corresponding test methods. The results showed that the USSP treatment did not change the surface phase of Cu-8Cr alloy, but only refined the surface grains into nanocrystals. The pellet size and shot peening time had a large effect on the surface properties of Cu-8Cr alloy. The best overall surface properties were obtained with a shot size of 2 mm and a shot time of 30 min The average grain size of the nano-layer is about 66 nm, the surface hardness is increased to 126.69 HV0.05, the tensile strength reached 417 MPa, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is significantly enhanced. The USSP treatment provides a new method for the preparation of CuCr alloys with excellent surface properties.
Second-harmonic generation in fluctuating Ising superconductors
Authors: Sonowal K , Parafilo A V , Boev M V , Kovalev V M , Savenko I G
Published: July 2023

In a two-dimensional noncentrosymmetric transition metal dichalcogenide Ising superconductor in the fluctuating regime under the action of a uniform external electromagnetic field, a second-harmonic generation (SHG) effect takes place. There emerge two contributions to this effect, one conventional, which is due to the electron gas in its normal state, and the other one is of the Aslamazov–Larkin nature. Namely, it originates from the presence of fluctuating Cooper pairs in the system when the temperature approaches the temperature of the superconducting transition in the sample from above. Employing a usual approach to Ising superconductors, we lift the valley degeneracy by application of a weak out-of-plane external magnetic field, which produces a Zeeman effect. In calculations, we use the Boltzmann equations approach for the electron gas in the normal state, and the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations for the fluctuating Cooper pairs, and show the emergence of SHG electric current characterized by a temperature-dependent broadening and a redshift.
Plasma wave resonances in Graphene channels under controlled gate for high frequency applications
Authors: Mahi AbdelHamid , Mahi Fatima Zohra , Varani Luca
Published: July 2023

Several devices based on 2D materials have become interesting for high-frequency applications especially sensors, amplifiers and modulators of Terahertz frequencies. Moreover, High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) have emerged as important competitors owing to the high quality of resonances associated with plasma-wave oscillations in the channel. In this study, the plasma wave resonances in a Graphene channel of High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) were studied. The calculations were based on our small-signal model and therefore can determine the resonances and voltage gain of the Monolayer and Bilayer graphene channels. The influence of the dielectric substrates between the gate and the channel, impurity depth positions and channel materials (InGaAs, Bilayer and Monolayer graphene) on the dynamic behavior of the Graphene transistor was investigated. This analysis can extract the high performance conditions of HEMTs Graphene amplifiers.
The effect of ultrasonic field on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Fe-based amorphous coating applied to selective laser melting
Authors: Taheri Morteza , Razavi Mansour
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the ultrasonic field on the preparation of amorphous/crystalline Fe-based coatings. For this purpose, Fe86.3Si 5.9B3.2Cr4.6 (wt%) powder was deposited on GTD-111 superalloy substrate with and without ultrasonic field by selective laser melting method. After coating, the corrosion behavior, microstructure, and hardness of the amorphous coating were investigated. The results showed that in conditions without ultrasonic vibration, the growth of grains starts in columnar form. At the same time, the use of an ultrasonic field inhibits columnar growth and creates equiaxed grains. In addition, the ultrasonic field increased the amorphous phase by 34.5%. This is attributed to the increased solidification rate caused by the cavitation effect. The experimental results of corrosion show that the self-corrosion current density of 6.83×10−7 A⋅cm2 is obtained due to the refinement of the microstructure and the increase of the amorphous phase. The wear results showed that the increase in the amorphous phase, as well as the decrease in the grain size, reduction in the grain ratio, and the increase in the tendency to equiaxed grains when using the ultrasonic field, reduce the coefficient of friction by 97%.
Urinary bladder phantom mimicking mechanical properties and pressure during filling
Authors: Verstraeten Maxime , Bou Kheir George , Vande Perre Louis , Raffoul Romain , Chavez Cerda Javier , Delchambre Alain , Roumeguere Thierry , Vanhoestenberghe Anne , Nonclercq Antoine
Published: July 2023

Objective. Phantoms that mimic healthy or diseased organ properties can complement animal models for surgical planning, training, and medical device development. If urodynamic studies rely on pressure-volume curves to assess lower urinary tract symptoms, there is an unsatisfied need for a bladder phantom that accurately mimics the bladder stretching capabilities and compliant behaviour during physiological filling. Approach. We demonstrate the suitability of water-soluble 3D-printed moulds as a versatile method to fabricate accurate phantoms with anatomical structures reconstructed from medical images. We report a phantom fabricated with silicone rubber. A wire net limits the silicone expansion to model the cystometric capacity. A mathematical model describes the pressure increase due to passive hyperelastic properties. Main results. The phantom reproduces the bladder’s mechanical properties during filling. The pressure-volume curve measured on the phantom is typical of cystometric studies, with a compliance of 25.2 ± 1

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The root-mean-square error between the theoretical model and experimental data is 2.7

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The compliance, bladder wall thickness, cystometric capacity and pressure near the cystometric capacity of the phantom can be tuned to mimic various pathologies or human variability. Significance. The manufacturing method is suitable for fabricating bladder and other soft and hollow organ phantoms. The mathematical model provides a method to determine design parameters to model healthy or diseased bladders. Soft hollow organ phantoms can be used to complement animal experimentations for developing and validating medical devices aiming to be anchored on these organs or monitor their activity through pressure and strain measurement.
Numerical study of the self-pulsing of DC discharge: from corona to parallel-plate configurations
Authors: ZHANG Manqi , HE Feng , CAI Hongmei , ZHANG Zeduan , GAO Zhiliang , YANG Ming , WANG Ruojue , ZHANG Yu , LI Ben , WANG Lei , OUYANG Jiting
Published: July 2023

We present here an investigation of the self-pulsing phenomenon of negative corona and parallel-plate discharge in argon within one frame of a one-dimensional fluid model in cylinder–cylinder electrode geometry. The transition from corona to parallel-plate discharge is obtained by changing the inner and outer radii of the electrodes. The model reproduces the self-pulsing waveform well and provides the spatiotemporal behaviors of the charged particles and electric field during the pulse. The self-pulsing shows a common feature that occurs in various configurations and that does not depend on a specific electrode structure. The self-pulsing is the transformation between a weak-current Townsend mode and a large-current normal glow mode. The behavior of the positive ions is the dominant factor in the formation of the pulse.
Multiobjective variational quantum optimization for constrained problems: an application to cash handling
Authors: Díez-Valle Pablo , Luis-Hita Jorge , Hernández-Santana Senaida , Martínez-García Fernando , Díaz-Fernández Álvaro , Andrés Eva , José García-Ripoll Juan , Sánchez-Martínez Escolástico , Porras Diego
Published: July 2023

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in industry. In addition to finding a solution with minimum cost, problems of high relevance involve a number of constraints that the solution must satisfy. Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as promising candidates for solving these problems in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum stage. However, the constraints are often complex enough to make their efficient mapping to quantum hardware difficult or even infeasible. An alternative standard approach is to transform the optimization problem to include these constraints as penalty terms, but this method involves additional hyperparameters and does not ensure that the constraints are satisfied due to the existence of local minima. In this paper, we introduce a new method for solving combinatorial optimization problems with challenging constraints using VQAs. We propose the multi-objective variational constrained optimizer (MOVCO) to classically update the variational parameters by a multiobjective optimization performed by a genetic algorithm. This optimization allows the algorithm to progressively sample only states within the in-constraints space, while optimizing the energy of these states. We test our proposal on a real-world problem with great relevance in finance: the cash handling problem. We introduce a novel mathematical formulation for this problem, and compare the performance of MOVCO versus a penalty based optimization. Our empirical results show a significant improvement in terms of the cost of the achieved solutions, but especially in the avoidance of local minima that do not satisfy any of the mandatory constraints.
The influence of variable-heavy chain families on IgG2, 3, 4, FcγRs and B-cell superantigens protein G and L binding using biolayer interferometry
Authors: Deacy Anthony M , Gan Samuel Ken-En
Published: July 2023

As the most abundant immunoglobulin in blood and the most common human isotype used for therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, the engagement and activation of its Fc receptors by IgGs are crucial for antibody function. Assumed to be relatively constant within subtypes, recent studies reveal that antibody variable regions exert distal effects of modulating antibody–receptor interactions on antibody isotypes. These variable (V)-region distal effects are also expected for the IgG subtypes. With an in-depth understanding of the V-region effects, researchers can make a more informed antibody engineering approach and antibody purification strategy accounting for the functions of microbial immune evasion . In this study, we created a panel of IgG2/IgG3/IgG4 antibodies by changing the VH family (VH1–7) frameworks while retaining the complementary determining regions of pertumuzab and measured their interactions with FcγRIa, FcγRIIaH167, FcγRIIaR167, FcγRIIb/c, FcγRIIIaF176, FcγRIIIaV176, FcγRIIIbNA1 and FcγRIIIbNA2 receptors alongside B-cell superantigens Protein L and G using biolayer interferometry. The panel of 21 IgGs demonstrated that the VH frameworks influenced receptor binding sites on the constant region in a non-canonical manner. However, there was minimal influence on the binding of bacterial B-cell superantigens Proteins L and Protein G on the IgGs, showing their robustness against V-region effects. These results demonstrate the role of V-regions during the humanization of therapeutic antibodies that can influence FcR-dependent immune responses while retaining binding by bacterial B-cell superantigens for antibody purification. These in vitro measurements provide a clue to detailed antibody engineering and understanding of antibody superantigen functions that would be relevant with in vivo validation.
IV—The Limits of Immanent Critique
Authors: Fraser Rachel
Published: July 2023

The tradition of immanent critique promises a lot. It promises to be critical of the existing social order without appealing to ‘external’ normative standards. I argue that the prospects for immanent criticism are bleak: they must either commit to an implausible social ontology, a flawed meta-normative theory, or both.