bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clarifying the Impact of Untreated and Treated Dental Caries on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Adolescents
Authors: Feldens Carlos Alberto , Ardenghi Thiago Machado , Dos Santos Dullius Angela Isabel , Vargas-Ferreira Fabiana , Hernandez Pedro Antonio González , Kramer Paulo Floriani
Published: July 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dental caries experience and the components of the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents in southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 509 adolescents aged 11-14 years enrolled at public schools in the municipality of Osório (southern Brazil). A calibrated examiner performed the clinical examination for caries (World Health Organization: DMFT index), malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index) and traumatic dental injuries [Andreasen et al., 2007]. The participants answered the Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) - Impact Short Form, and their parents/guardians answered a structured questionnaire addressing demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Data analysis involved Poisson regression with robust variance, with the calculation of rate ratios adjusted for potential confounding variables. High severity of dental caries experience exerted a significant impact on OHRQoL, even after controlling for socioeconomic and clinical factors (rate ratio 1.30; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.12-1.51). All OHRQoL domains were affected by untreated dental caries. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the CPQ11-14 scores were 33% higher among adolescents with untreated caries (rate ratio 1.33; 95% CI 1.17-1.50) and 24% higher among those with missing teeth (rate ratio 1.24; 95% CI 1.06-1.47). No difference in OHRQoL was found between adolescents with filled teeth and those without dental caries. In conclusion, dental caries experience, untreated dental caries and missing teeth exerted a negative impact on OHRQoL among the adolescents.
Diagnostic Performance of a Smartphone‐Based Photoplethysmographic Application for Atrial Fibrillation Screening in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Chan Pak‐Hei , Wong Chun‐Ka , Poh Yukkee C. , Pun Louise , Leung Wangie Wan‐Chiu , Wong Yu‐Fai , Wong Michelle Man‐Ying , Poh Ming‐Zher , Chu Daniel Wai‐Sing , Siu Chung‐Wah
Published: July 2016

Background

Diagnosing atrial fibrillation (
AF
) before ischemic stroke occurs is a priority for stroke prevention in
AF
. Smartphone camera–based photoplethysmographic (
PPG
) pulse waveform measurement discriminates between different heart rhythms, but its ability to diagnose
AF
in real‐world situations has not been adequately investigated. We sought to assess the diagnostic performance of a standalone smartphone
PPG
application, Cardiio Rhythm, for
AF
screening in primary care setting.

Methods and Results

Patients with hypertension, with diabetes mellitus, and/or aged ≥65 years were recruited. A single‐lead
ECG
was recorded by using the AliveCor heart monitor with tracings reviewed subsequently by 2 cardiologists to provide the reference standard.
PPG
measurements were performed by using the Cardiio Rhythm smartphone application.
AF
was diagnosed in 28 (2.76%) of 1013 participants. The diagnostic sensitivity of the Cardiio Rhythm for
AF
detection was 92.9% (95%
CI
] 77–99%) and was higher than that of the AliveCor automated algorithm (71.4% [95%
CI
51–87%]). The specificities of Cardiio Rhythm and the AliveCor automated algorithm were comparable (97.7% [95%
CI
: 97–99%] versus 99.4% [95%
CI
99–100%]). The positive predictive value of the Cardiio Rhythm was lower than that of the AliveCor automated algorithm (53.1% [95%
CI
38–67%] versus 76.9% [95%
CI
56–91%]); both had a very high negative predictive value (99.8% [95%
CI
99–100%] versus 99.2% [95%
CI
98–100%]).

Conclusions

The Cardiio Rhythm smartphone
PPG
application provides an accurate and reliable means to detect
AF
in patients at risk of developing
AF
and has the potential to enable population‐based screening for
AF
.
Neural Entrainment in Drum Rhythms with Silent Breaks: Evidence from Steady-state Evoked and Event-related Potentials
Authors: Stupacher Jan , Witte Matthias , Hove Michael J. , Wood Guilherme
Published: July 2016

The fusion of rhythm, beat perception, and movement is often summarized under the term “entrainment” and becomes obvious when we effortlessly tap our feet or snap our fingers to the pulse of music. Entrainment to music involves a large network of brain structures, and neural oscillations at beat-related frequencies can help elucidate how this network is connected. Here, we used EEG to investigate steady-state evoked potentials (SSEPs) and event-related potentials (ERPs) during listening and tapping to drum clips with different rhythmic structures that were interrupted by silent breaks of 2–6 sec. This design allowed us to address the question of whether neural entrainment processes persist after the physical presence of musical rhythms and to link neural oscillations and event-related neural responses. During stimulus presentation, SSEPs were elicited in both tasks (listening and tapping). During silent breaks, SSEPs were only present in the tapping task. Notably, the amplitude of the N1 ERP component was more negative after longer silent breaks, and both N1 and SSEP results indicate that neural entrainment was increased when listening to drum rhythms compared with an isochronous metronome. Taken together, this suggests that neural entrainment to music is not solely driven by the physical input but involves endogenous timing processes. Our findings break ground for a tighter linkage between steady-state and transient evoked neural responses in rhythm processing. Beyond music perception, they further support the crucial role of entrained oscillatory activity in shaping sensory, motor, and cognitive processes in general.
Indigenous Peoples’ Land Rights in the Bolivian Lowlands
Authors: Eichler Jessika
Published: July 2016

Land destitution and expropriations disproportionally affect indigenous peoples’ ancestral lands in the Bolivian lowlands, namely Guaraní communities. Due to recent extractive projects in the lowlands land rights are seriously infringed. The close relationship with indigenous peoples’ lands and its significance for survival generates vulnerabilities. This concerns indigenous communities and individual community members in particular. This article analyses inequality dimensions in indigenous communities in the context of prior consultation mechanisms regarding natural resource extraction. Inequalities among indigenous community members in consultation processes are an unobserved phenomenon which requires further research. In this case, inequalities particularly emerge in forms of gender- and age-related factors. This stems from uneven impact on such groups by state and corporate conduct. Therefore, the role of vulnerable members in indigenous communities concerning land destitution is explored in a case-study and recommendations for mitigating inequalities in indigenous communities in resource disputes are developed.
Using the SAL Technique for Spatial Verification of Cloud Processes: A Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Weniger Michael , Friederichs Petra
Published: July 2016

The feature-based spatial verification method named for its three score components: structure, amplitude, and location (SAL) is applied to cloud data, that is, two-dimensional spatial fields of total cloud cover and spectral radiance. Model output is obtained from the German-focused Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling (COSMO-DE) forward operator Synthetic Satellite Simulator (SynSat) and compared with SEVIRI satellite data. The aim of this study is twofold: first, to assess the applicability of SAL to this kind of data and, second, to analyze the role of external object identification algorithms (OIA) and the effects of observational uncertainties on the resulting scores. A comparison of three different OIA shows that the threshold level, which is a fundamental part of all studied algorithms, induces high sensitivity and unstable behavior of object-dependent SAL scores (i.e., even very small changes in parameter values lead to large changes in the resulting scores). An in-depth statistical analysis reveals significant effects on distributional quantities commonly used in the interpretation of SAL, for example, median and interquartile distance. Two sensitivity indicators that are based on the univariate cumulative distribution functions are derived. They make it possible to assess the sensitivity of the SAL scores to threshold-level changes without computationally expensive iterative calculations of SAL for various thresholds. The mathematical structure of these indicators connects the sensitivity of the SAL scores to parameter changes with the effect of observational uncertainties. Last, the discriminating power of SAL is studied. It is shown that—for large-scale cloud data—changes in the parameters may have larger effects on the object-dependent SAL scores (i.e., the S and L2 scores) than does a complete loss of temporal collocation.
A Variational Method for Estimating Surface Turbulent Heat Fluxes with a Consideration of Energy Storage
Authors: Zhang Shuwen , Cao Bangjun , Zhang Weidong , Cao Qian , Liu Yuan , Qiu Chongjian
Published: July 2016

Two approaches are proposed to introduce the surface energy storage into the cost function in a variational method for improving the estimates of surface turbulent heat fluxes. In the first approach, each of the energy storage terms is directly calculated based on available observations, and in the second approach, the total energy storage is fitted by the piecewise linear regression function. The heat flux estimates are validated with the eddy correlation (EC) measurements at two carefully selected stations with different land covers and weather conditions in northwestern China and east of the Tibetan Plateau, respectively. In contrast to the variational method without considering the energy storage in the cost function, two new approaches have improved the heat flux estimates, with the first approach being slightly better, especially around midday and/or under strong unstable conditions. It is also reasonable that the calculated/fitted energy storage with the measurements in the previous time period can be transferred for the heat flux estimates in the later time period. Furthermore, the heat flux estimates with both approaches are less sensitive to the errors in the profiles of temperature, humidity, and wind, as well as energy storage, so they may be more reliable.
Time Scales of Southern Ocean Eddy Equilibration
Authors: Sinha Anirban , Abernathey Ryan P.
Published: July 2016

Stratification in the Southern Ocean is determined primarily by a competition between westerly wind-driven upwelling and baroclinic eddy transport. This study investigates the time scales of equilibration of the Southern Ocean in response to changing winds through an idealized channel model. An analytical framework describing the energetic pathways between wind input, available potential energy (APE), eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and dissipation provides a simple theory of the phase and amplitude response to oscillating wind stress. The transient ocean response to variable winds lies between the two limits of Ekman response (high frequency), characterized by the isopycnal slope responding directly to wind stress, and “eddy saturation” (low frequency), wherein a large fraction of the anomalous wind work goes into mesoscale eddies. The crossover time scale is the time scale of meridional eddy diffusive transport across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) front. For wind variability with a period of 3 months (high-frequency forcing), the relative conversion of wind work to APE/EKE is 11, while for a period of 16 years (low-frequency forcing), the relative conversion to APE/EKE reduces to 3. The system’s frequency response is characterized by a complex transfer function. Both the phase and amplitude response of EKE and APE predicted by the linear analytic framework are verified using multiple ensemble experiments in an eddy-resolving (4-km horizontal resolution) isopycnal coordinate model. The results from the numerical experiments show agreement with the linear theory and can be used to explain certain features observed in previous modeling studies and observations.
Teaching Vocabulary to Preschool Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Lund Emily , Douglas W. Michael
Published: July 2016

Despite poor vocabulary outcomes for children with hearing loss, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of specific vocabulary teaching methods on vocabulary learning for this group. The authors compared three vocabulary instruction conditions with preschool children with hearing loss: (a) explicit, direct instruction; (b) follow-in labeling; and (c) incidental exposure using an adapted alternating-treatments single-subject experimental design. Nine preschool children with hearing loss participated in the study across 6 weeks, with intervention implemented by 4 teachers of the deaf. Visual analysis of the results of the data indicated that participants learned the most words in the explicit, direct instruction condition and the fewest words in the incidental exposure condition. These results are not consistent with some recommendations currently made to educators. The authors discuss implications for practice, including emphasis on direct instruction.
What Is Different About Deaf Education? The Effects of Child and Family Factors on Educational Services
Authors: Luft Pamela
Published: July 2016

Deaf education is characterized by several distinctive aspects, beginning with qualities unique to deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children and their families. Consisting of approximately 1.2% of the special education K-12 population, educational and disability systems often struggle to meet the unique challenges that these children and their families present. The result is that services and practices may be atypical and unlike those found to be successful with other populations. Despite new technological and personnel accommodations, far greater numbers placed in general education classrooms, and access to the general education curriculum, these children remain unable to perform commensurate with their abilities or at levels equivalent to their peers either with or without disabilities. Achievement has improved little over four decades, further attesting to the complexity of successfully mitigating the effects of early childhood hearing loss and that educating DHH children is different.
What is Signalled by Proximity?
Authors: Porter Euan , Argyle Michael , Salter Veronica
Published: July 2016

An experiment was carried out to determine how proximity is perceived as a cue in dyadic interaction. Ss held conversations with 3 confederates at distances of 2, 4, and 8 ft. and completed 21 7-point rating scales. Proximity did not account for any significant amount of variance in any scale. Confederates were perceived differently after interviews than after informal conversations. Ss did not give more favourable ratings to confederates who sat nearer their own preferred proximity, as determined by the method of limits. It is concluded that while proximity has certain dear determinants, e.g., liking and emotional adjustment, these are not reflected in the way proximity is perceived.
The relationship between social–emotional learning ability and perceived social support in gifted students
Authors: Ogurlu Üzeyir , Sevgi-Yalın Hatun , Yavuz-Birben Fazilet
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to examine the relationship between social–emotional learning skills and perceived social support of gifted students. Based on this relationship, the authors also examined to what extent social and emotional learning skills were predictive of social support. In addition, gender variables were compared in social and emotional learning skills and social support as well. By convenient sampling, the study was carried out as a correlational research design and involved 117 gifted middle school students who attended an enriched after school program. For the collection of data, Social Emotional Learning Skills Scale (SELSS) and Child-Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASS) were used. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between SELSS and CASS. Regression analysis indicated that social and emotional learning skills explained 29% of social support importance section and 43% of frequency section. Another important finding was that gifted students saw close friends as the primary source of social support and their teachers as the important social support source. In addition, the most significant difference between female and male students was also found on most subscales of two scales in favour of females. Discussion and suggestions were provided based on the findings.
Late-Holocene fire history as revealed by size, age and composition of the soil charcoal pool in neighbouring beech and spruce forest landscapes in SE Norway
Authors: Ohlson Mikael , Ellingsen Vanessa M , del Olmo Marta Vázquez , Lie Marit H , Nybakken Line , Asplund Johan
Published: July 2016

European beech and Norway spruce are late successional tree species that have become rapidly dominant in northern Europe in late-Holocene. The northern distribution limit for natural beech forests is in SE Norway, where beech forests and boreal spruce forests meet. Here we have estimated the size, composition and age of the macroscopic charcoal pool to infer past fire history and the establishment of neighbouring Norwegian beech- and spruce forests. To encompass landscape level scales of variations in the charcoal pool, we have analysed the charcoal record in 100 soil cores that were collected using a restricted random procedure. The sizes of the soil charcoal pools ranged from 2 to 1214 g m−2, and they were significantly more spatially variable in the beech forest landscape than in the spruce forest landscape. We show that today’s beech forests took over the dominance from Norway spruce in the landscape about 300 years ago, and that fire disturbances on the landscape level preceded the establishment of beech in the former spruce forest landscape. Interestingly, large-scale fire disturbances have not occurred ever since beech gained dominance. Conversely, we show that today’s spruce forests took over the dominance from Scots pine in the landscape, and that also the establishment of spruce was preceded by fire disturbances on the landscape level.
Opposing ends of the spectrum: Exploring trust in scientific and religious authorities
Authors: Cacciatore Michael A. , Browning Nick , Scheufele Dietram A. , Brossard Dominique , Xenos Michael A. , Corley Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2016

Given the ethical questions that surround emerging science, this study is interested in studying public trust in scientific and religious authorities for information about the risks and benefits of science. Using data from a nationally representative survey of American adults, we employ regression analysis to better understand the relationships between several variables—including values, knowledge, and media attention—and trust in religious organizations and scientific institutions. We found that Evangelical Christians are generally more trusting of religious authority figures to tell the truth about the risks and benefits of science and technology, and only slightly less likely than non-Evangelicals to trust scientific authorities for the same information. We also found that many Evangelicals use mediated information and science knowledge differently than non-Evangelicals, with both increased knowledge and attention to scientific media having positive impacts on trust in scientific authorities among the latter, but not the former group.
RETRACTED: Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Internalizing Symptoms, and Executive Function in Adults With ADHD
Authors: Leikauf John E. , Solanto Mary V.
Published: July 2016

Leikauf, J. E., & Solanto, M. V. (2016). Sluggish Cognitive Tempo, Internalizing Symptoms, and Executive Function in Adults With ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1177/1087054716659361

The article was revised after its original publication in OnlineFirst. The original publication has now been removed, and the final OnlineFirst version of the article can be accessed at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1087054716682337
Low-Dose 0.5% 5-Fluorouracil/10% Salicylic Acid Topical Solution in the Treatment of Actinic Keratoses
Authors: Herranz Pedro , Morton Colin , Dirschka Thomas , Azeredo Rosario Rodríguez , Roldán-Marín Rodrigo
Published: July 2016

Background:

Actinic keratosis (AK) lesions have the potential to develop into invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and approaches to treatment are evolving to try to reduce the burden of SCC.

Objective:

To present the published clinical research surrounding the use of 0.5% 5-fluorouracil with 10% salicylic acid (low-dose 5-FU/SA) for the treatment of hyperkeratotic AKs.

Method:

A review of published clinical evidence for low-dose 5-FU/SA for the treatment of AKs. The articles were selected following a MEDLINE database search of the combined terms fluorouracil, salicylic acid and actinic keratosis which represent the peer review publications of clinical studies that primarily investigate the use of Actikerall in AK.

Results:

Combining low-dose 5-FU with keratolytic SA is associated with high rates of histologic clearance, reduction in lesion number/area, and sustained clinical response in clinical study and the clinical practice setting. Low-dose 5-FU/SA has also been evaluated using imaging to detect the progression of subclinical AK lesions through a course of the field-directed treatment.

Conclusion:

Low-dose 5-FU/SA is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option licensed for the lesion-directed treatment of mild-to-moderate hyperkeratotic AK lesions.
Do coping strategies mediate the association between Type D personality and quality of life among people with multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Mikula Pavol , Nagyova Iveta , Krokavcova Martina , Vitkova Marianna , Rosenberger Jaroslav , Szilasiova Jarmila , Gdovinova Zuzana , Groothoff Johan W , van Dijk Jitse P
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study is to explore whether different coping strategies are able to mediate the association between Type D personality and quality of life. We collected information from 156 consecutive patients (response rate: 72.9%; 75.0% women; median age: 40 ± 3 years). Patients completed the Type D Scale-14, the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale and the Short-Form Health Survey for measuring physical and mental quality of life. The mediating effect of coping was analysed using correlations, linear regressions and the Sobel z-test. In the mental quality of life, all three studied coping strategies mediated the association between Type D personality and quality of life.
Enhancing DPM Techniques in Outdoor Industrial WSN Applications
Authors: Halim Kacem , Mohamed Glaoui , Ali Gharsallah
Published: July 2016

The main challenge during designing a new node is reducing the power consumption as much as possible to maximize the lifetime of wireless sensor network (WSN) since most nodes are powered from a finite source of energy, in general nonrechargeable battery. In this paper we propose a solution to minimize the power consumed by the microcontroller (MCU), which is the main processing component in the node. Our energy power optimization solution is based on two techniques: firstly enhance dynamic power management (DPM) policies by reducing MCU consumption during standby mode; secondly, focus on temperature impact on low power consumption. In this context, a microcontroller dynamic power management (MDPM) algorithm is proposed to improve DPM scheme. This algorithm is deployed on a measurement circuit able to calculate the consumption during the different low power modes in real environments conditions and then selects the better one. These two techniques are combined in a novel way to provide an efficient energy solution for wireless sensor networks nodes. Our solution is validated and qualified with STM32F446RE MCU.
Inhibitory effect of G2013 molecule as a novel immunomodulatory agent, on miR-155 gene expression in HEK-Blue hTLR4 cell line
Authors: Mortazavi Jahromi Seyed Shahabeddin , Jamshidi Mehdi Malek , Yousefi Mehdi , Navabi Shadi Sadat , Motamed Nasrin , Zavareh Farzaneh Tofighi , Mirshafiey Abbas
Published: July 2016

Lack of regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression has been observed in some autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. G2013, as a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with the immunomodulatory property, has been shown the positive effects in multiple sclerosis and anti-ageing experimental models. This research aimed to study the inhibitory effect of G2013 on miR-155 gene expression using HEK-Blue hTLR4 and Null2 cell lines. Total RNA was extracted from the treated and control cells. cDNA was made for miRNA and expression levels of miR-155 were detected by quantitative Real-time PCR using a specific primer together with U6 as the internal reference gene. A non-significant reduction was observed in the gene expression level of miR-155 in the HEK-Blue hTLR4 and Null2 cell lines under the influence of a low dose of G2013. In contrast, adding lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the mentioned cells led to a significant increase in miR-155 expression, whereas addition of LPS four hours after exposing the cells with G2013 could not increase the expression level of this miRNA ( P < 0.05). Collectively, this research showed that G2013, as a novel NSAID with immunomodulatory property is able to significantly decrease the gene expression of miR-155 following stimulation by LPS.
Diffuse reflectance spectra of methylene blue adsorbed on different types of clay samples
Authors: Milošević M. , Logar M. , Dojčinović B. , Rosić A. , Erić S.
Published: July 2016

Diffuse reflectance (DR) spectra in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) region of methylene blue (MB) adsorbed on clay samples of different mineral composition and varying MB/clay ratios were analyzed. This type of investigation is not affected by unadsorbed MB molecules and can be used in clay-mineral determination. When the MB dye/clay loading was increased, enhancement of bands in the DR-VIS and DR-NIR was observed. The distribution of various MB aggregates was interpreted according to mineral composition and MB loading. The NIR spectrum of H2O overtone provides insights about the intercalated MB aggregation, consistent with VIS spectra. Critical MB concentration for formation of dimeric structure was between 0.7 and 1.75 mmol/100 g followed with suppression of monomers. Different orientations of vectors of polarized light allowed calculations of the possible orientation and tilting angle of MB molecules on the surface of the clay particles in accordance with XRD data.
Fixed point theorems for almost generalized $\mathcal{C}$-contractive mappings in ordered complete metric spaces
Authors: Azizi Azizollah , Moosaei Mohammad , Zarei Gita
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to present some fixed point and common fixed point theorems for almost generalized $\mathcal{C}$
C
-contractive mappings in an ordered complete metric space. Finally, two examples are given to support our results.
Neurokinin B Receptor Antagonism in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: George Jyothis T. , Kakkar Rahul , Marshall Jayne , Scott Martin L. , Finkelman Richard D. , Ho Tony W. , Veldhuis Johannes , Skorupskaite Karolina , Anderson Richard A. , McIntosh Stuart , Webber Lorraine
Published: July 2016

Context:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy in women, is characterized by high secretion levels of LH and T. Currently, there is no treatment licensed specifically for PCOS.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to investigate whether a targeted therapy would decrease LH pulse frequency in women with PCOS, subsequently reducing serum LH and T concentrations and thereby presenting a novel therapeutic approach to the management of PCOS.

Design:

This study is a double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Settings:

University hospitals and private clinical research centers were included.

Participants:

Women with PCOS aged 18–45 years participated.

Intervention:

Intervention included AZD4901 (a specific neurokinin-3 [NK3] receptor antagonist) at a dose of 20, 40, or 80 mg/day or matching placebo for 28 days.

Main Outcome Measure:

Change from baseline in the area under the LH serum concentration–time curve over 8 hours (area under the curve) on day 7 relative to placebo was measured.

Results:

Of a total 67 randomized patients, 65 were evaluable. On day 7, the following baseline-adjusted changes relative to placebo were observed in patients receiving AZD4901 80 mg/day: 1) a reduction of 52.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 29.6–67.3%) in LH area under the curve; 2) a reduction of 28.7% (95% CI, 13.9–40.9%) in total T concentration; and 3) a reduction of 3.55 LH pulses/8 hours (95% CI, 2.0–5.1) (all nominal P < .05).

Conclusions:

The NK3 receptor antagonist AZD4901 specifically reduced LH pulse frequency and subsequently serum LH and T concentrations, thus presenting NK3 receptor antagonism as a potential approach to treating the central neuroendocrine pathophysiology of PCOS.
Business Practices in Small Firms in Developing Countries
Authors: McKenzie David , Woodruff Christopher
Published: July 2016

Management has a large effect on the productivity of medium and large firms. But does management matter in micro and small firms, where the majority of the labor force in developing countries works? We develop 26 questions that measure business practices in marketing, stock-keeping, record-keeping, and financial planning. These questions have been administered in surveys in Bangladesh, Chile, Ghana, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, and Sri Lanka. We show that variation in business practices explains as much of the variation in outcomes—sales, profits, and labor productivity and total factor productivity—in microenterprises as in larger enterprises. Panel data from three countries indicate that better business practices predict higher survival rates and faster sales growth. The association of business practices with firm outcomes is robust to including numerous measures of the owner’s human capital. We find that owners with higher human capital, children of entrepreneurs, and firms with employees employ better business practices.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2492 .

This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Lawson Deborah ,   Pre-school Learning Alliance, Tanuku Purnima , Action Dyslexia
Published: July 2016

MA Education Ltd, St Jude's Church, Dulwich Road, London, SE24 0PB. neil.henty@markallengroup.com
Seagrass biodiversity at three marine ecoregions of Indonesia: Sunda Shelf, Sulawesi Sea, and Banda Sea
Authors: KAWAROE MUJIZAT , NUGRAHA ADITYA HIKMAT , JURAIJ JURAIJ , TASABARAMO ILHAM ANTARIKSA
Published: July 2016

Kawaroe M, Nugraha AD, Juraij, Tasabaramo IA. 2016. Identification of soybean genotypes adaptive and productive to acid soil agro-ecosystem. Biodiversitas 17: 585-591. Seagrass is one of the coastal ecosystems in marine ecoregions of Indonesia that has very important ecological and economical functions. This study aimed to illustrate the diversity of seagrass ecosystems through its distribution, coverage, and density, in three marine ecoregions of Indonesia, namely Sunda Shelf/SHS (Bintan Island/SHS-B and the Seribu Islands/SHS-S), Sulawesi Sea/SS (Talaud Island), and Banda Sea/BS (Tanimbar Islands). The study was conducted at 16 stations in SHS, 20 stations in SS, and 30 stations in BS. A line transect method was used. Three line transects (length 50m) were deployed ineach station perpendicular to the shoreline towards the sea with a distance of 20 meters between transect lines. In each line transect, quadrate transects were placed (0.5mx0.5m) along the line, alternating left and right line up to the edge. Species identification and seagrass density were calculated in each quadrate transect. Similarity indexes were calculated and analyzed between ecoregion on seagrass coverage and abundance through dendrogram graphic. Results showed that 10 species of seagrass were found in three marineecoregions. In SHS-B, 10 species with a coverage cover of 61% were found and Thalassia hemprichii was of the highest abundance. In ShS-S, 6 species with a coverage cover of 37% were found and Enhalus acoroides species was of the highest abundance. In SS, 5 species with a coverage cover of 43% were found and Cymodocea rotundata was of the highest abundance. Finally, in BS, 7 species with coverage of 60% were found and Thalassia hemprichii was of the highest abundance. These results indicated that seagrass biodiversity found in 3 Indonesia marine ecoregions were still in a healthy condition. One of the implications of this healthy condition of seagrass was that the very important functions of seagrass as a habitat for economically important organisms and a food source for herbivores, particularly Dugong dugong, living in seagrass was still secured.
Marx and Input-Output Analysis and General Equilibrium Theory
Authors: Ezra Davar
Published: July 2016

This article shows the following: (1) Marx has given a description of the relationship between industries, which is equivalent to Walras's theoretical version of input-output and to Leontief's empirical (monetary) input-output analysis. (2) Marx's version of general equilibrium theory is characterized by the attributes required for the formulation of the theoretical (abstract) model: the conditions for the existence of the general equilibrium state and simplified assumptions. His theory is characterized by different rates of profit; unemployment of primary factors with positive prices; unsold commodities and so on. Also, Marx's money theory, as well as Smith's and Walras's, is relevant to modern society. Moreover, Marx, as well as Walras, stated repeatedly that in reality equilibrium is never achieved; but he asserted that the study of equilibrium achievement is necessary for managing real economics, by revealing the nature of distortions of equilibrium states and treating them.
Drawing for sport
Authors: Namkung Michael
Published: July 2016

Art and sports are located at opposite ends of the cultural spectrum and do not easily mingle, but artists and athletes have more in common than we may think. There are parallels between the disciplines of drawing and athletic performance that can enhance our understanding of how attention and perception function in both sports and drawing. This article shares an approach to a hybrid art practice that merges drawing traditions with the discipline of athletics, and suggests that athletic drawings can shed new light on the body’s role in shaping the processes of observation and perception. This exploration has taken various forms over the past decade including studio drawings, live performance and the participation of others. This art practice refigures prevailing ideas of observational drawing by extending the concept of observation beyond the primacy of the visual. Performing athletic drawings creates a state of heightened bodily awareness in which observation is a complex corporeal phenomenon. In addition to visualizing bodily limits in time and space, athletic drawings also reveal the psychic boundaries we draw between our environment and ourselves, providing a different lens through which we may understand our physical relationship with the world.
A gathering dilemma: The Drawing International Brisbane Symposium
Authors: Platz William , O’Dempsey Kellie
Published: July 2016

As drawing researchers and practitioners doggedly pursue academic conferences and symposia dedicated to their discipline, it has become increasingly necessary to question the forms, structures and relevance of the academic conference to drawing research. One of the strengths of arts-based research is its incongruity with conventional systems and protocols in university culture. A lack of accordance yields forms of knowledge and reforms of codes necessary to a progressive position. In 2015, a biennial drawing research symposium was inaugurated in Brisbane, Australia titled Drawing International Brisbane (DIB). The event sought to generate a model for the academic symposium in which visual practitioners, theorists, historians, curators, students and administrators could coalesce in a productive and vigorous programme. Combining conventional academic papers, plenary sessions, exhibitions, artist’s presentations and workshops, DIB produced friction, synthesis and multiplication from components that did not radically depart from established norms, but were redeployed in a motivated programme to reinvigorate the academic symposium as a meaningful environment for the production and dissemination of knowledge. An account of one of the DIB2015 Conference streams evidences the potency of this method.
Reviews
Authors: Schouten Steven , Schouten Steven , Bonte Marie , Egan David , Egan Helen , Janta Hania , O’Neill Kirstie , Nogués-Pedregal Antonio Miguel , Montemaggi Francesca E.S.
Published: July 2016

THE THINKING SPACE: THE CAFÉ AS A CULTURAL INSTITUTION IN PARIS, ITALY AND VIENNA, LEONA RITTNER, W. SCOTT HAINE AND JEFFREY H. JACKSON (EDS) (2013) Farnham, Ashgate, xiv + 238 pp., ISBN: 9781409438793, h/bk, £65.00

THE VIENNESE CAFÉ AND FIN-DE-SIÈCLE CULTURE, CHARLOTTE ASHBY, TAG GRONBERG AND SIMON SHAW-MILLER (EDS) (2013) Oxford, Berghahn, xii + 244 pp., ISBN: 9780857457646, h/bk, $95.00

ALCOHOL: SOCIAL DRINKING IN CULTURAL CONTEXT, JANET CHRZAN (2013) Abingdon: Routledge, xii + 188 pp., ISBN: 9780415892506, p/bk, £20.99

CAFÉ SOCIETY, AKSEL TJORA AND GRAHAM SCAMBLER (EDS) (2013) New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, xi + 208 pp., ISBN: 9781137275929, h/bk, £60

A HOSPITABLE WORLD? ORGANISING WORK AND WORKERS IN HOTELS AND TOURIST RESORTS, DAVID JORDHUS-LIER AND ANDERS UNDERTHUN (EDS) (2015) Abingdon Oxon: Routledge, xviii + 234 pp., ISBN: 9780415747790, h/bk, £85

THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD AND GASTRONOMY, PHILIP SLOAN, WILLY LEGRAND AND CLARE HINDLEY (EDS) (2015) Abingdon: Routledge, xxxi + 426 pp., ISBN: 9780415702553, h/bk, £140.00

FACTIONS, FRIENDS AND FEASTS: ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE MEDITERRANEAN, JEREMY BOISSEVAIN (2013) New York: Berghahn, x + 310 pp., ISBN: 978-0-85745-844-5, h/bk, $95.00

HOSPITALITY AND ISLAM: WELCOMING IN GOD’S NAME, MONA SIDDIQUI (2015) London: Yale University Press, xi + 274 pp., ISBN: 9780300211863, h/bk, £20.00
Paternal responsibility and bad conscience in adaptations of The Shining
Authors: McEntee Joy
Published: July 2016

Stephen King and Stanley Kubrick are both important contributors to adaptation as an industry, so their contest over The Shining has the quality of a clash of the titans. This article discusses King’s commentary on Kubrick’s The Shining, as well as his two significant attempts at reappropriating the material: the miniseries Stephen King’s The Shining and the sequel novel Doctor Sleep. It interrogates the gender politics of each iteration, and pays particular attention to the moral status of the patriarch in order to test Greg Jenkins’s assertion that Kubrick’s tendency as an adapter was to ‘[imbue] his films with a morality that is more conventional than the [precursor] novels’ (original emphasis). It concludes that Kubrick’s vision of the patriarch is, finally, less morally conventional and certainly less sentimental than King’s, and possibly more horrifying.
Three new additions to the grass (Poaceae) flora of Manipur, India
Authors: Devi Kangjam Tilotama , Singh Potsangbam Kumar , Bhattacharyya Debjyoti
Published: July 2016

Three grass species viz., Avena fatua L., Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty and  Digitaria violascens Link (Poaceae, nom. alt. Gramineae) are reported here for the first time from Manipur (India) as new records to the state. A key to the identification of species along with detail description and illustrations is provided to facilitate their easy identification.
An empirical evaluation of set similarity join techniques
Authors: Mann Willi , Augsten Nikolaus , Bouros Panagiotis
Published: July 2016

Set similarity joins compute all pairs of similar sets from two collections of sets. We conduct extensive experiments on seven state-of-the-art algorithms for set similarity joins. These algorithms adopt a filter-verification approach. Our analysis shows that verification has not received enough attention in previous works. In practice, efficient verification inspects only a small, constant number of set elements and is faster than some of the more sophisticated filter techniques. Although we can identify three winners, we find that most algorithms show very similar performance. The key technique is the prefix filter, and AllPairs, the first algorithm adopting this techniques is still a relevant competitor. We repeat experiments from previous work and discuss diverging results. All our claims are supported by a detailed analysis of the factors that determine the overall runtime.
The Questions of the Dynamics of Drilling Bit on the Surface of Well Bottom
Authors: Burievich Toshov Javohir
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamics of drilling bit on the well bottom as a function of their geometrical parameters. The frame of this method for this study includes former existed objective data on the unstable drilling devices as cantilever suspension. Research methods and calculation results are as follows: square coverage by tools blade working in different rotation regime; radius of the inscribed and circumscribed circle which leads to introduce and prospectively and solve problems on process optimization of mining rock at drilling the well bottom.
Redescription of Proctophantastes gillissi (Overstreet et Pritchard, 1977) (Trematoda: Zoogonidae) with discussion on the systematic position of the genus Proctophantastes Odhner, 1911
Authors: Sokolov Sergey , Gordeev Ilya , Lebedeva Daria
Published: July 2016

The redescription of
Occurrence of Microsporidium sp. and other pathogens in Ips amitinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Holuša Jaroslav , Lukášová Karolina , Žižka Zdenek , Händel Uwe , Haidler Bernhard , Wegensteiner Rudolf
Published: July 2016

A new microsporidium is reported from the small spruce bark beetle,
Analysing the tourism activity of seniors by applying the method of participant observation
Authors: Głąbiński Zbigniew
Published: July 2016

Issues concerning seniors’ participation in tourism have been of increasing interest to many researchers. This results from their dynamic growth in the world’s most developed societies which, together with cultural changes, contributes to greater participation in various forms of tourism. So far, this phenomenon has been examined by applying quantitative methods, surveys being the most common. Some researchers state that qualitative methods may also be of great use in the analysis of tourist behaviour. Therefore, this article aims at presenting the methodological conditions of participant observation as a qualitative method for analysing such behaviour. Its use is exemplified by research findings on Polish seniors conducted among participants of package tours to various European countries. It presents observations concerning their behaviour in both time and space. Special attention was paid to seniors’ motives and the forms of tourism those motives led to.
A spatial comparison of semi-urban and rural gminas in Poland in terms of their level of socio-economic development using Hellwig’s method
Authors: Pomianek Iwona , Chrzanowska Mariola
Published: July 2016

The concept of local development remains a crucial one, especially in the context of European Union membership and its support funds. The multidimensional character of local development makes it a subject of interest not only to economists, but also geographers, sociologists and statisticians. The aim of the paper is to present differences in the level of socio-economic development of semi-urban and rural gminas in Poland and to find clusters of gminas with a similar level of development. Hellwig’s method was used to compare 2,174 gminas, which showed large development disparities. There is a clear boundary between Eastern Poland with Mazowieckie Voivodship, where the country’s capital, Warsaw, is located, and Western Poland. gminas with a high level of development were observed usually on Poland’s Baltic coast and suburban areas of Warsaw, Szczecin, Poznań, Wrocław and Kraków. Low level gminas were mostly situated in the peripheries of the eastern voivodships.
The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and the challenge of integrating social sciences and humanities
Authors: Stenseke Marie
Published: July 2016

For the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), established in 2012, under the auspices of four United Nations entities (FAO, UNDP, UNEP and UNESCO), there is an urgent need to engage scholars in social sciences and humanities in assessing the state of the planet’s biodiversity. This article addresses the fundaments for involving scientists from these fields of science in IPBES, and reflects on the existing barriers. It builds on previous research on IPBES from various perspectives, as well as on the author’s insights from work in the organization. A fundamental condition recognized is that there needs to be a qualified understanding of what it means to integrate natural sciences and social sciences/humanities, and also that the latter have to be accepted on their own terms. Other barriers are related to the contextualisation of biodiversity issues and the more politically sensitive character of research carried out in social sciences and humanities. In the conclusions it is emphasized that the deliverables of the first round of IPBES assessments have to be solid enough from the perspectives of social sciences and humanities, in order to attract more of these scholars to work for the platform in the future.
Intra-individual variation of plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), betaine and choline over 1 year
Authors: Kühn Tilman , Rohrmann Sabine , Sookthai Disorn , Johnson Theron , Katzke Verena , Kaaks Rudolf , von Eckardstein Arnold , Müller Daniel
Published: July 2016

Background:

Circulating trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, while higher TMAO levels have been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular or renal events in first prospective studies, it remained unclear how much plasma TMAO concentrations vary over time.

Methods:

We measured fasting plasma levels of TMAO and two of its precursors, betaine and choline by LC-MS, in two samples of 100 participants of the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heidelberg study (age range: 47–80 years, 50% female) that were collected 1 year apart, and assessed their intra-individual variation by Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρ).

Results:

Correlations of metabolite concentrations over 1 year were at ρ=0.29 (p=0.003) for TMAO, ρ=0.81 (p<0.001) for betaine, and ρ=0.61 (p<0.001) for choline. Plasma levels of TMAO were not significantly associated with food intake, lifestyle factors, or routine biochemistry parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, or creatinine.

Conclusions:

In contrast to fasting plasma concentrations of betaine and choline, concentrations of TMAO were more strongly affected by intra-individual variation over 1 year in adults from the general population. The modest correlation of TMAO levels over time should be considered when interpreting associations between TMAO levels and disease endpoints.