bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth dynamics and amorphous-to-crystalline phase transformation in natural nacre
Authors: Otter L. M. , Eder K. , Kilburn M. R. , Yang L. , O’Reilly P. , Nowak D. B. , Cairney J. M. , Jacob D. E.
Published: April 2023

Biominerals, such as nacreous bivalve shells, are important archives of environmental information. Most marine calcifiers form their shells from amorphous calcium carbonate, hypothesised to occur via particle attachment and stepwise crystallisation of metastable precursor phases. However, the mechanism of this transformation, including the incorporation of trace elements used for environmental reconstructions, are poorly constrained. Here, using shells of the Mediterranean mussel, we explore the formation of nacre from the meso- to the atomic scale. We use a combination of strontium pulse-chase labelling experiments in aquaculture and correlated micro- to sub-nanoscale analysis to show that nacre grows in a dynamic two-step process with extensional and space-filling growth components. Furthermore, we show that nacre crystallizes via localised dissolution and reprecipitation within nanogranules. Our findings elucidate how stepwise crystallization pathways affect trace element incorporation in natural biominerals, while preserving their intricate hierarchical ultrastructure.
Parkinson’s disease-associated ATP13A2/PARK9 functions as a lysosomal H+,K+-ATPase
Authors: Fujii Takuto , Nagamori Shushi , Wiriyasermkul Pattama , Zheng Shizhou , Yago Asaka , Shimizu Takahiro , Tabuchi Yoshiaki , Okumura Tomoyuki , Fujii Tsutomu , Takeshima Hiroshi , Sakai Hideki
Published: April 2023

Mutations in the human ATP13A2 (PARK9), a lysosomal ATPase, cause Kufor-Rakeb Syndrome, an early-onset form of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we demonstrate that ATP13A2 functions as a lysosomal H+,K+-ATPase. The K+-dependent ATPase activity and the lysosomal K+-transport activity of ATP13A2 are inhibited by an inhibitor of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, thapsigargin, and K+-competitive inhibitors of gastric H+,K+-ATPase, such as vonoprazan and SCH28080. Interestingly, these H+,K+-ATPase inhibitors cause lysosomal alkalinization and α-synuclein accumulation, which are pathological hallmarks of PD. Furthermore, PD-associated mutants of ATP13A2 show abnormal expression and function. Our results suggest that the H+/K+-transporting function of ATP13A2 contributes to acidification and α-synuclein degradation in lysosomes.
Glucocorticoid activation of anti-inflammatory macrophages protects against insulin resistance
Authors: Caratti Giorgio , Stifel Ulrich , Caratti Bozhena , Jamil Ali J. M. , Chung Kyoung-Jin , Kiehntopf Michael , Gräler Markus H. , Blüher Matthias , Rauch Alexander , Tuckermann Jan P.
Published: April 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) during obesity is linked to adipose tissue macrophage (ATM)-driven inflammation of adipose tissue. Whether anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (GCs) at physiological levels modulate IR is unclear. Here, we report that deletion of the GC receptor (GR) in myeloid cells, including macrophages in mice, aggravates obesity-related IR by enhancing adipose tissue inflammation due to decreased anti-inflammatory ATM leading to exaggerated adipose tissue lipolysis and severe hepatic steatosis. In contrast, GR deletion in Kupffer cells alone does not alter IR. Co-culture experiments show that the absence of GR in macrophages directly causes reduced phospho-AKT and glucose uptake in adipocytes, suggesting an important function of GR in ATM. GR-deficient macrophages are refractory to alternative ATM-inducing IL-4 signaling, due to reduced STAT6 chromatin loading and diminished anti-inflammatory enhancer activation. We demonstrate that GR has an important function in macrophages during obesity by limiting adipose tissue inflammation and lipolysis to promote insulin sensitivity.
Pressure-induced transition from a Mott insulator to a ferromagnetic Weyl metal in La2O3Fe2Se2
Authors: Yang Ye , Yu Fanghang , Wen Xikai , Gui Zhigang , Zhang Yuqing , Zhan Fangyang , Wang Rui , Ying Jianjun , Chen Xianhui
Published: April 2023

The insulator-metal transition in Mott insulators, known as the Mott transition, is usually accompanied with various novel quantum phenomena, such as unconventional superconductivity, non-Fermi liquid behavior and colossal magnetoresistance. Here, based on high-pressure electrical transport and XRD measurements, and first-principles calculations, we find that a unique pressure-induced Mott transition from an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator to a ferromagnetic Weyl metal in the iron oxychalcogenide La2O3Fe2Se2 occurs around 37 GPa without structural phase transition. Our theoretical calculations reveal that such an insulator-metal transition is mainly due to the enlarged bandwidth and diminishing of electron correlation at high pressure, fitting well with the experimental data. Moreover, the high-pressure ferromagnetic Weyl metallic phase possesses attractive electronic band structures with six pairs of Weyl points close to the Fermi level, and its topological property can be easily manipulated by the magnetic field. The emergence of Weyl fermions in La2O3Fe2Se2 at high pressure may bridge the gap between nontrivial band topology and Mott insulating states. Our findings not only realize ferromagnetic Weyl fermions associated with the Mott transition, but also suggest pressure as an effective controlling parameter to tune the emergent phenomena in correlated electron systems.
Identification of three bacterial species associated with increased appendicular lean mass: the HUNT study
Authors: Grahnemo Louise , Nethander Maria , Coward Eivind , Gabrielsen Maiken Elvestad , Sree Satya , Billod Jean-Marc , Sjögren Klara , Engstrand Lars , Dekkers Koen F. , Fall Tove , Langhammer Arnulf , Hveem Kristian , Ohlsson Claes
Published: April 2023

Appendicular lean mass (ALM) associates with mobility and bone mineral density (BMD). While associations between gut microbiota composition and ALM have been reported, previous studies rely on relatively small sample sizes. Here, we determine the associations between prevalent gut microbes and ALM in large discovery and replication cohorts with information on relevant confounders within the population-based Norwegian HUNT cohort (n = 5196, including women and men). We show that the presence of three bacterial species – Coprococcus comes, Dorea longicatena, and Eubacterium ventriosum – are reproducibly associated with higher ALM. When combined into an anabolic species count, participants with all three anabolic species have 0.80 kg higher ALM than those without any. In an exploratory analysis, the anabolic species count is positively associated with femoral neck and total hip BMD. We conclude that the anabolic species count may be used as a marker of ALM and BMD. The therapeutic potential of these anabolic species to prevent sarcopenia and osteoporosis needs to be determined.
Strong ferromagnetism of g-C3N4 achieved by atomic manipulation
Authors: Du Lina , Gao Bo , Xu Song , Xu Qun
Published: April 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) metal-free ferromagnetic materials are ideal candidates to fabricate next-generation memory and logic devices, but optimization of their ferromagnetism at atomic-scale remains challenging. Theoretically, optimization of ferromagnetism could be achieved by inducing long-range magnetic sequence, which requires short-range exchange interactions. In this work, we propose a strategy to enhance the ferromagnetism of 2D graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4), which is facilitating the short-range exchange interaction by introducing in-planar boron bridges. As expected, the ferromagnetism of g-C3N4 was significantly enhanced after the introduction of boron bridges, consistent with theoretical calculations. Overall, boosting ferromagnetism of 2D materials by introducing bridging groups is emphasized, which could be applied to manipulate the magnetism of other materials.
Design of C1-symmetric tridentate ligands for enantioselective dearomative [3 + 2] annulation of indoles with aminocyclopropanes
Authors: Wang Hai-Xia , Yang Chun , Xue Bai-Yu , Xie Ming-Sheng , Tian Yin , Peng Cheng , Guo Hai-Ming
Published: April 2023

Chiral polycyclic indolines are widely present in natural products and have become the focus of extensive synthetic efforts. Here, we show the catalytic asymmetric dearomative [3 + 2] annulation of indoles with donor-acceptor aminocyclopropanes to construct tricyclic indolines. Key to the success of the reaction is the rational design of C1-symmetric bifunctional tridentate imidazoline-pyrroloimidazolone pyridine ligand. Under 5 mol% of Ni(OTf)2-ligand complex, diverse tricyclic indolines containing cyclopentamine moieties are obtained in good chemoselectivities, high diastereoselectivities, and excellent enantioselectivities. An unusual cis-configuration ligand is superior to the trans-configuration ligand and the corresponding C2-symmetric tridentate nitrogen ligands in the annulation reaction. Mechanistic studies by control experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal a dual activation manner, where Ni(II) complex activates the aminocyclopropane via coordination with the geminal diester, and imidazolidine NH forms a H-bond with the succinimide moiety.
Slow integrin-dependent migration organizes networks of tissue-resident mast cells
Authors: Kaltenbach Lukas , Martzloff Paloma , Bambach Sarah K. , Aizarani Nadim , Mihlan Michael , Gavrilov Alina , Glaser Katharina M. , Stecher Manuel , Thünauer Roland , Thiriot Aude , Heger Klaus , Kierdorf Katrin , Wienert Stephan , von Andrian Ulrich H. , Schmidt-Supprian Marc , Nerlov Claus , Klauschen Frederick , Roers Axel , Bajénoff Marc , Grün Dominic , Lämmermann Tim
Published: April 2023

Immune cell locomotion is associated with amoeboid migration, a flexible mode of movement, which depends on rapid cycles of actin polymerization and actomyosin contraction1. Many immune cells do not necessarily require integrins, the major family of adhesion receptors in mammals, to move productively through three-dimensional tissue spaces2,3. Instead, they can use alternative strategies to transmit their actin-driven forces to the substrate, explaining their migratory adaptation to changing external environments4–6. However, whether these generalized concepts apply to all immune cells is unclear. Here, we show that the movement of mast cells (immune cells with important roles during allergy and anaphylaxis) differs fundamentally from the widely applied paradigm of interstitial immune cell migration. We identify a crucial role for integrin-dependent adhesion in controlling mast cell movement and localization to anatomical niches rich in KIT ligand, the major mast cell growth and survival factor. Our findings show that substrate-dependent haptokinesis is an important mechanism for the tissue organization of resident immune cells.
A simulation-based comparative effectiveness analysis of policies to improve global maternal health outcomes
Authors: Ward Zachary J. , Atun Rifat , King Gary , Sequeira Dmello Brenda , Goldie Sue J.
Published: April 2023

The Sustainable Development Goals include a target to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030, with no individual country exceeding 140. However, on current trends the goals are unlikely to be met. We used the empirically calibrated Global Maternal Health microsimulation model, which simulates individual women in 200 countries and territories to evaluate the impact of different interventions and strategies from 2022 to 2030. Although individual interventions yielded fairly small reductions in maternal mortality, integrated strategies were more effective. A strategy to simultaneously increase facility births, improve the availability of clinical services and quality of care at facilities, and improve linkages to care would yield a projected global MMR of 72 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 58–87) in 2030. A comprehensive strategy adding family planning and community-based interventions would have an even larger impact, with a projected MMR of 58 (95% UI = 46–70). Although integrated strategies consisting of multiple interventions will probably be needed to achieve substantial reductions in maternal mortality, the relative priority of different interventions varies by setting. Our regional and country-level estimates can help guide priority setting in specific contexts to accelerate improvements in maternal health.
Engineering of NEMO as calcium indicators with large dynamics and high sensitivity
Authors: Li Jia , Shang Ziwei , Chen Jia-Hui , Gu Wenjia , Yao Li , Yang Xin , Sun Xiaowen , Wang Liuqing , Wang Tianlu , Liu Siyao , Li Jiajing , Hou Tingting , Xing Dajun , Gill Donald L. , Li Jiejie , Wang Shi-Qiang , Hou Lijuan , Zhou Yubin , Tang Ai-Hui , Zhang Xiaohui , Wang Youjun
Published: April 2023

Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) are indispensable tools for real-time monitoring of intracellular calcium signals and cellular activities in living organisms. Current GECIs face the challenge of suboptimal peak signal-to-baseline ratio (SBR) with limited resolution for reporting subtle calcium transients. We report herein the development of a suite of calcium sensors, designated NEMO, with fast kinetics and wide dynamic ranges (>100-fold). NEMO indicators report Ca2+ transients with peak SBRs around 20-fold larger than the top-of-the-range GCaMP6 series. NEMO sensors further enable the quantification of absolution calcium concentration with ratiometric or photochromic imaging. Compared with GCaMP6s, NEMOs could detect single action potentials in neurons with a peak SBR two times higher and a median peak SBR four times larger in vivo, thereby outperforming most existing state-of-the-art GECIs. Given their high sensitivity and resolution to report intracellular Ca2+ signals, NEMO sensors may find broad applications in monitoring neuronal activities and other Ca2+-modulated physiological processes in both mammals and plants.
Gapless genome assembly of Fusarium verticillioides, a filamentous fungus threatening plant and human health
Authors: Yao Gang , Chen Weikai , Sun Jie , Wang Xiangfeng , Wang Huan , Meng Tan , Zhang Lili , Guo Li
Published: April 2023

Fusarium verticillioides is a filamentous fungus that causes plant diseases and harms human health through cancer-inducing mycotoxin and life-threatening Fusariosis. Given its threat to agriculture and public health, genome assembly of this fungus is critical to our understanding of its pathobiology and developing antifungal drugs. Here, we report a gap-free genome assembly of F. verticillioides using PacBio HiFi data and high-throughput chromosome capture (Hi-C) sequencing data. The assembled 42.0 Mb sequence contains eleven gapless chromosomes capturing all centromeres and 19 of all 22 telomeres. This assembly represents a significant improvement over previous version on contiguity (contig N50: 4.3 Mb), completeness (BUSCO score: 99.0%) and correctness (QV: 88.8). A total of 15,230 protein-coding genes were predicted, 6.2% of which are newly annotated genes. In addition, we identified three-dimension chromatin structures such as TADs-like structures and chromatin loops based on Hi-C data of ultra-high coverage. This gap-free genome of F. verticillioides is an excellent resource for further panoramic understanding mechanisms of fungal genome evolution, mycotoxin production and pathogenesis on plant and human host.
Evaluation of the registry DIALYREG for the assessment of continuous renal replacement techniques in the critically ill patient
Authors: González-Fernández M. , Quílez-Trasobares N. , Barea-Mendoza J. A. , Molina-Collado Z. , Arias-Verdú D. , Barrueco-Francioni J. , Seller-Pérez G. , Herrera-Gutiérrez M. E. , Sánchez-Izquierdo Riera J. A.
Published: April 2023

Continuous renal replacement techniques (CRRT) can induce complications and monitoring is crucial to ensure patient safety. We designed a prospective multicenter observational and descriptive study using the DIALYREG registry, an online database located on a REDCap web-based platform that allows real-time data analysis. Our main objective was to identify CRRT-related complications in our intensive care units (ICUs) and implement security measures accordingly. From January 2019 to December 2020, we included 323 patients with admission diagnoses of medical illness (54%), sepsis (24%), postoperative care (20%), and trauma (2%). CRRT indications were homeostasis (42%), oliguria (26%), fluid overload (15%), and hemodynamic optimization (13%). The median initial therapy dose was 30 ml/kg/h (IQR 25–40), and dynamic adjustment was performed in 61% of the treatments. Sets were anticoagulated with heparin (40%), citrate (38%) or no anticoagulation (22%). Citrate anticoagulation had several advantages: more frequent dynamic CRRT dose adjustment (77% vs. 58% with heparin and 56% without anticoagulation, p < 0.05), longer duration of set (median of 55 h, IQR 24–72 vs. 23 h, IQR 12–48 with heparin and 12 h, IQR 12–31 without anticoagulation, p < 0.05), less clotting of the set (26% vs. 46.7% with heparin, p < 0.05), and lower incidence of hypophosphatemia (1% citrate vs. 6% with heparin and 5% without anticoagulation). It was also safe and effective in subgroup analysis of patients with liver disease or sepsis. The main global complications were hypothermia (16%), hypophosphatemia (13%) and metabolic acidosis (10%). Weaning of the therapy was achieved through early discontinuation (56%), nocturnal therapy transition (26%) and progressive SLED (18%). 52% of the patients were discharged from the hospital, while 43% died in the ICU and 5% died during hospitalization. We can conclude that the DIALYREG registry is a feasible tool for real-time control of CRRT in our ICU.
Decision heuristics in contexts integrating action selection and execution
Authors: Dundon Neil M. , Colas Jaron T. , Garrett Neil , Babenko Viktoriya , Rizor Elizabeth , Yang Dengxian , MacNamara Máirtín , Petzold Linda , Grafton Scott T.
Published: April 2023

Heuristics can inform human decision making in complex environments through a reduction of computational requirements (accuracy-resource trade-off) and a robustness to overparameterisation (less-is-more). However, tasks capturing the efficiency of heuristics typically ignore action proficiency in determining rewards. The requisite movement parameterisation in sensorimotor control questions whether heuristics preserve efficiency when actions are nontrivial. We developed a novel action selection-execution task requiring joint optimisation of action selection and spatio-temporal skillful execution. State-appropriate choices could be determined by a simple spatial heuristic, or by more complex planning. Computational models of action selection parsimoniously distinguished human participants who adopted the heuristic from those using a more complex planning strategy. Broader comparative analyses then revealed that participants using the heuristic showed combined decisional (selection) and skill (execution) advantages, consistent with a less-is-more framework. In addition, the skill advantage of the heuristic group was predominantly in the core spatial features that also shaped their decision policy, evidence that the dimensions of information guiding action selection might be yoked to salient features in skill learning.
Influence of reinforcement method on the crack characteristic parameters of expansive soil experimental study
Authors: Shu Liu , Yonggang Huang , Guiyao Wang
Published: April 2023

The expansive soil slope is mainly characterized by the decline of slope integrity caused by shallow expansive soil cracking and the destruction of internal soil structure, which seriously affects the overall stability of expansive soil slope. To study the effect of the combination of geogrid reinforcement and slope vegetation on inhibiting the development of expansive soil cracks, six groups of test models were made. The natural dry–wet cycle was simulated, and the crack image was binarized by using image processing technology. The crack characteristic parameters such as crack ratio, crack width, and crack length were extracted, and the effect of various reinforcement methods on inhibiting the development of cracks was comprehensively evaluated. The basic situation of the development of crack indexes in each group with the development of multiple dry–wet cycles was obtained, and the fluctuation changes of crack indexes in different stages were different under different reinforcement methods and dry–wet cycles. At the same time, the influence of different reinforcement methods on the crack development of expansive soil is obtained. It is considered that planting vetiver grass + geogrid backpacking has a good effect on inhibiting the crack development of expansive soil.
Effect of selenium nanoparticles on biological and morphofunctional parameters of barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáre L.)
Authors: Nagdalian Andrey Ashotovich , Blinov Andrey Vladimirovich , Siddiqui Shahida Anusha , Gvozdenko Alexey Alekseevich , Golik Alexey Borisovich , Maglakelidze David Guramievich , Rzhepakovsky Igor Vladimirovich , Kukharuk Maxim Yurievich , Piskov Sergey Ivanovich , Rebezov Maksim Borisovich , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this work was to study the effect of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on the biological and morphofunctional parameters of barley seeds (Hordéum vulgáreL.) We used seeds ofHordéum vulgáreL. with reduced morphofunctional characteristics. For the experiment, Se NPs were synthesized and stabilized with didecyldimethylammonium chloride. It was found that Se NPs have a spherical shape and a diameter of about 50 nm. According to dynamic light scattering data, the average hydrodynamic radius of the particles was 28 ± 8 nm. It is observed that the nanoparticles have a positive ζ-potential (+ 27.3 mV). For the experiment, we treatedHordéum vulgáreL. seeds with Se NPs (1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L). The experiment showed that treatment ofHordéum vulgáreL. seeds with Se NPs has the best effect on the length of roots and sprout at concentration of 5 mg/L and on the number and thickness of roots at 10 mg/L. Germinability and germination energy ofHordéum vulgáreL. seeds were higher in group treated with 5 mg/L Se NPs. Analysis of macrophotographs of samples, histological sections of roots and 3D visualization of seeds by microcomputing tomography confirmed the best effect at 5 mg/L Se NPs. Moreover, no local destructions were detected at concentrations > 5 mg/L, which is most likely due to the inhibition of regulatory and catalytic processes in the germinating seeds. the treatment ofHordéum vulgáreL. seeds with > 5 mg/L Se NPs caused significant stress, coupled with intensive formation of reactive oxygen species, leading to a reorientation of root system growth towards thickening. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that Se NPs at concentrations > 5 mg/L had a toxic effect. The treatment of barley seeds with 5% Se NPs showed maximum efficiency in the experiment, which allows us to further consider Se NPs as a stimulator for the growth and development of crop seeds under stress and reduced morphofunctional characteristics.
Selection of new sweetpotato hybrids for West Africa using accelerated breeding scheme and genotype × environment interaction under drought stress
Authors: Mahaman Mourtala Issa Zakari , Oselebe Happiness Ogba , Baina Dan-jimo , Nwankwo Innocent Ifeanyi Maxwell , Houdegbe Aristide Carlos , Oumarou Souleyman , Chukwu Samuel C. , Moussa Baragé
Published: April 2023

West Africa is a dry region and drought tolerant sweetpotato cultivar was not reported. The objective of this study was to develop higher yielding drought tolerant sweetpotato hybrids following accelerated breeding scheme (ABS), and study G × E interaction. During advanced yield trial, the assessment of clones was conducted in six locations: four in Niger and two in Nigeria. Data were collected on storage root yield (SRY), harvest index (HI) and root dry matter content (DMC). Twenty-three hybrids were evaluated under drought and irrigation. Terminal drought was imposed. SAS and GenStat softwares were used for analyses. Based on drought susceptibility index (DSI), drought tolerant expression (DTE) and HI, clones 4 × 5 – 3, 9 × 7 – 1, 5 × 9 – 2, 3 × 6 – 2, and 3 × 12 – 3 were the best in SRY under drought stress and well-watered in combined data. Using AMMI stability value (ASV) and stability cultivar superiority (SCS), results revealed that the most superior cultivars were unstable. Clones 12 × 5 – 1 and 9 × 10 – 1 were recommended under drought for SRY stability combined with high DMC and high total carotene (TC). Under irrigation, the 13 × 8 – 2 is good candidate for stability across all locations combined with high DMC and medium TC, while clone 4 × 3 – 2, 13 × 8 – 2, 4 × 6 – 2 and 6 × 8 – 5 were stable SRY with high DMC. Therefore, these hybrids could be evaluated at on-farm trials to release the best to farmers.
Network pharmacology mechanism of Scutellarin to inhibit RGC pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Li Na , Guo Xi-Liang , Xu Min , Chen Ji-Lin , Wang Yu-Fei , Jie-Sun  , Xiao Yu-Gao , Gao An-Shun , Zhang Lan-Chun , Liu Xue-Zheng , Wang Ting-Hua
Published: April 2023

To investigate the effect of scutellarin (SCU) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and explore the associated molecular network mechanism. The animal model of DR was established from diabetic mellitus (DM) rats by intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin (STZ) at dosage 55 mg/kg. Meanwhile, SCU was intraperitoneally administrated to protect retina from cell pyroptosis induced by DM, and cell pyroptosis was detected by using HE, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence recognition. Moreover, the hub gene involving in pyroptosis in DR was screened by bioinformatics and network pharmacology, designated as Venny intersection screen, GO and KEGG analysis, PPI protein interaction, and molecular docking. Lastly, the expressional change of hub genes were validated with experimental detection. Cell pyroptosis of the DR, specifically in retina ganglion cells (RGC), was induced in DM rats; SCU administration results in significant inhibition in the cell pyroptosis in DR. Mechanically, 4084 genes related to DR were screened from GeneCards and OMIM databases, and 120 SCU therapeutic targets were obtained, by using GeneCards, TCMSP with Swiss Target Prediction databases. Moreover, 357 targets related to pyroptosis were found using GenenCards database, and Drug, disease and phenotypic targets were analyzed online using the Draw Venn Diagram website, and 12 cross targets were obtained. Through GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, 659 BP related items, 7 CC related items, 30 MF related items, and 70 signal pathways were screened out; Of these, eleven proteins screened from cross-target PPI network were subsequently docked with the SCU, and their expressions including caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, GSDMD and NLRP3 in RGC indicated by immunofluorescence, and the mRNA expression for caspase-1 in DR indicated by quantitative PCR, were successfully validated. SCU can effectively protect RGC pyroptosis in DR, and underlying mechanisms are involved in the inhibition of caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18. Our findings therefore provide crucial evidence to support the clinic practice of SCU for the treatment of DR, and explained the underlying molecular network mechanism.
Flexibly designable wettability gradient for passive control of fluid motion via physical surface modification
Authors: Funayama Keita , Miura Atsushi , Tanaka Hiroya
Published: April 2023

Modified solid surfaces exhibit unique wetting behavior, such as hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Such behavior can passively control the fluid flow. In this study, we experimentally demonstrated a wettability-designable cell array consisting of unetched and physically etched surfaces by reactive ion etching on a silicon substrate. The etching process induced a significant surface roughness on the silicon surface. Thus, the unetched and etched surfaces have different wettabilities. By adjusting the ratio between the unetched and etched surface areas, we designed one- and two-dimensional wettability gradients for the fluid channel. Consequently, fine-tuned channels passively realized unidirectional and curved fluid motions. The design of a wettability gradient is crucial for practical and portable systems with integrated fluid channels.
Waist circumference mediates the association between rs1260326 in GCKR gene and the odds of lean NAFLD
Authors: Wu Na , Li Jie , Zhang Jing , Yuan Fan , Yu Ning , Zhang Fengwei , Li Dong , Wang Jianying , Zhang Lei , Shi Yi , He Guang , Ji Guang , Liu Baocheng
Published: April 2023

While non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been widely studied, the pathophysiology of lean NAFLD, the critical NAFLD subgroup, remains elusive. This study aimed to clarify the association between polymorphisms of GCKR, waist circumference, and the odds of lean NAFLD in the elderly Chinese Han population who live in the Zhangjiang community center of Shanghai, China. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs1260326, rs780093, and rs780094, were genotyped in MassARRAY Analyzer. The association between SNPs with waist circumference in five genetic models was analyzed and rechecked by the logistic regression analysis. Mediation models were established to evaluate whether the waist circumstance can mediate the association between SNPs and lean NAFLD. In this study, the frequency of the C allele of rs1260326, rs780093, and rs780094 was significantly lower in lean NAFLD individuals than in lean non-NAFLD ones. The association between rs1260326 in GCKR and the odds of lean NAFLD was mediated via waist circumference after adjusting gender and age in the elderly Chinese Han population (β = 1.196, R2 = 0.043, p = 0.020). For the first time, this study examined the mediating effect of waist circumference on the association between rs1260326 in GCKR and the odds of lean NAFLD (β = 0.0515, 95% CI 0.0107–0.0900, p = 0.004). It may contribute to illustrating the pathogenesis of lean NAFLD and indicate that waist circumference management might improve lean NAFLD control.
Multiscale modeling reveals aluminum nitride as an efficient propane dehydrogenation catalyst
Authors: Abdelgaid Mona , Miu Evan V. , Kwon Hyunguk , Kauppinen Minttu M. , Grönbeck Henrik , Mpourmpakis Giannis
Published: April 2023

First-principles-based microkinetic modeling simulations suggest AlN for light alkane dehydrogenation to olefins.
Novel ZrFe2ZnO6 with multiple functional composite supports for one-step synthesis of diethyl carbonate from CO2 and ethanol
Authors: Zhang Meng
Published: April 2023

The yield was 3.93% when catalyzed by Fe2O3–ZrO2–ZnO (1 : 1 : 1) while the yield was 57.7% when catalyzed by 15 wt% Fe2O3–ZrO2–ZnO@3A-CaO–CaC2.
Hapten synthesis and a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip assay to detect nitrofen and bifenox in fruits
Authors: Wang Peng , Xu Xinxin , Guo Lingling , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xiao Jing , Xu Chuanlai
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of nitrofen hapten and a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip assay to detect nitrofen and bifenox in fruits.
Construction of a rapid electrochemical biosensor consisting of a nanozyme/aptamer conjugate for waterborne microcystin detection
Authors: Park Jeong Ah , Kwon Yein , Le Xuan Ai , Vu Trung Hieu , Park Hanbin , Lee Hoseok , Choi Hye Kyu , Park Chulhwan , Kim Moon Il , Lee Taek
Published: April 2023

The proposed biosensor provided the rapid detection of MC-LR in fresh water sample within 10 mins.
Emerging covalent triazine framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion
Authors: Zheng Yong , Khan Niaz Ali , Ni Xuepeng , Zhang Kai A. I. , Shen Yi , Huang Niu , Kong Xin Ying , Ye Liqun
Published: April 2023

This review introduces recent advances of covalent triazine framework-based materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, including supercapacitors, alkali-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, HER, ORR/OER, and carbon dioxide reduction reaction.
Vacancy designed 2D materials for electrodes in energy storage devices
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Sahoo Sumanta , Joanni Ednan , Pandey Raghvendra , Shim Jae-Jin
Published: April 2023

Vacancies are ubiquitous in nature, usually playing an important role in determining how a material behaves, both physically and chemically.
Ultra-selective 1D clean in-phase correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Taylor Daniel A. , Kiraly Peter , Bowyer Paul , Nilsson Mathias , Castañar Laura , Morris Gareth A. , Adams Ralph W.
Published: April 2023

GEMSTONE CLIP-COSY: a new NMR experiment for determination of the direct bonding network of nuclei whose NMR signals overlap.
Free carrier-mediated ferromagnetism in nonmagnetic ion (Bi–Li) codoped ZnO nanowires
Authors: Kazmi Jamal , Raza Syed Raza Ali , Ahmad Waqas , Masood Asad , Jalil Abdul , Mohd Raub A. A. , Abbas Aumber , Rafiq Md Khan Sobayel , Mohamed Mohd Ambri
Published: April 2023

Synthesized ZnO NWs with Li-doped increased magnetization, while Bi–Li codoping reduced it with all doped/codoped samples showed p-type conductivity and clear correlation between magnetization and carrier concentration in Li-doped and Li–Bi codoped ZnO crystals.
UiO-66 framework with an encapsulated spin probe: synthesis and exceptional sensitivity to mechanical pressure
Authors: Poryvaev Artem S. , Larionov Kirill P. , Albrekht Yana N. , Efremov Alexander A. , Kiryutin Alexey S. , Smirnova Kristina A. , Evtushok Vasiliy Y. , Fedin Matvey V.
Published: April 2023

The metal–organic framework UiO-66 with embedded nitroxide radicals represents a new strategy for the design of MOF-nitroxide-based pressure sensors with non-invasive EPR detection.
Electrochemical reduction of NO to NH3on Zn nanosheets
Authors: Qu Wenhuan , Wang Xing , Sun Yunpeng , Dang Lingyan , Wang Xiaomiao , Chu Ke
Published: April 2023

Cost-effective Zn nanosheets are demonstrated as an efficient metallic catalyst for electrochemical NO reduction to NH3(NORR), which is attributed to the Zn active centers to promote the NORR and impede the hydrogen evolution.
Convenient synthesis of perhydrobenz[e]indene triketone, a key intermediate for the total synthesis of stelletins
Authors: Cao Yang , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Zhe , Wang Yuan , Jiao Xiaozhen , Xie Ping
Published: April 2023

A complementary strategy for the formal total synthesis of (±)-stelletins is reported.
A visible-light-mediated cascade reaction of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, alkenes, and sulfinic acids
Authors: Peng Sha , Xie Long-Yong , Yang Luo
Published: April 2023

A photocatalytic three component cascade reaction of quinoxalinones, alkenes, and sulfinic acids toward sulfonated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones under metal-, strong oxidant-, and external photosensitizer-free conditions was developed.
Magneto–structural maps and bridged-ligand effect for dichloro-bridged dinuclear copper(ii) complexes: a theoretical perspective
Authors: Luo Shuchang , Shen Xianwei , Gao Peng , Tu Ting , Sun Xiaoyuan
Published: April 2023

Theoretical understanding of magneto–structural correlations in dichloro-bridged dicopper(ii) complexes can guide the design of magnetic materials having broad-scale applications.
Implication of nanotechnology to reduce the environmental risks of waste associated with the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , Elfadil Dounia , Gaballah Mohamed S. , El-Sherif Dina M. , Abouzid Mohamed , Nada Hanady G. , Khalil Mohamed S. , Ghorab Mohamed A.
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted waste generation in the form of personal protective equipment. This review article examines the nanotechnology applications to reduce the environmental risks of waste associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mechanistic understanding of lithium-anode protection by organosulfide-based solid-electrolyte interphases and its implications
Authors: Bhargav Amruth , Asl Hooman Yaghoobnejad , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: April 2023

The mechanism by which organosulfide-rich solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) protects the Li-metal anode (LMA) is shown. By examining the role of different functional groups, design rules to engender favorable SEIs for stable LMAs were formulated.
Holistic functional biomimetics: a key to make an efficient electrocatalyst for water oxidation
Authors: Fan Lizhou , Song Yuxiang , Zhang Fan , Timmer Brian J. J. , Kravberg Alexander , Zhang Biaobiao , Sun Licheng
Published: April 2023

The performance of a water-oxidation electrocatalyst is determined by the synergistic effect of an active site structure, e− transfer system, and H+ transport system. The holistic functional biomimetic is a promising design strategy.
The tunable interface charge transfer by polarization in two dimensional polar Al2O3/MoSO heterostructures
Authors: Wang Xinli , Xu Juping , Liu Peng-Fei , Wang Bao-Tian , Yin Wen
Published: April 2023

The evolution of band alignment, surface charge redistribution and interface charge transfer is simultaneous in 2D vdWs polar heterostructures with different polarization arrangements.
Sub-50 nm core–shell nanoparticles with the pH-responsive squeezing release effect for targeting therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qu Jian-Bo , Che Huan-Jie , Gao Bo , Li Gang-Feng , Zhang Xue-Fei , Zhang Yi-Bo , Wang Xiaojuan
Published: April 2023

The sub-50 nm pH-responsive nanoparticles have cross-linked acidic cores and galactosylated shells, which endow them with high targeting efficacy to hepatoma cells, high drug loading efficiency at pH 7.4, and rapid squeezable drug release at pH 5.0.
Glutaraldehyde modified red blood cells delivering artesunate to the liver as a dual therapeutic and prophylactic antimalaria strategy
Authors: Li Yichen , Xu Enge , Rong Ruonan , Zhang Shulei , Yuan Weien , Qiu Mingfeng , Su Jing
Published: April 2023

Controlling malaria transmission is a common issue facing the world. Here, Artesunate(AS) was encapsulated into RBCs to construct a responsive liver-targeted AS-loaded RBCs delivery system (G-AS-RBCs) for malaria prevention and treatment.
Five-minute oscillations of photospheric and chromospheric swirls
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Jess David , Erdélyi Robert , Mathioudakis Mihalis
Published: April 2023

Context. Swirls are ubiquitous in the solar atmosphere. They are thought to be related to the excitation of different modes of magnetohydrodynamic waves and pulses, as well as spicules. However, statistical studies of their collective behaviour are rare.

Aims. We aim to study the collective as well as the individual behaviour of photospheric and chromospheric swirls detected by the automated swirl detection algorithm (ASDA) from observations obtained by the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope and the Hinode satellite.

Methods. We performed a detailed analysis of six different parameters of photospheric and chromospheric swirls with the wavelet analysis. Two clusters with periods with significant wavelet power, one from 3 − 8 min and the other from 10 − 14 min, were found. The former coincides with the dominant period of the global p-mode spectrum. The wavelet and fast Fourier transform analysis of example swirls also revealed similar periods.

Results. These results suggest that global p-modes might be important in triggering photospheric and thus chromospheric swirls. A novel scenario of global p-modes providing energy and mass fluxes to the upper solar atmosphere via generating swirls, Alfvén pulses, and spicules is then proposed.
Effect of the inclination in the passage through the 5/3 mean motion resonance between Ariel and Umbriel
Authors: Gomes Sérgio R. A. , Correia Alexandre C. M.
Published: April 2023

The orbits of the main satellites of Uranus are expected to slowly drift away owing to tides raised in the planet. As a result, the 5/3 mean motion resonance between Ariel and Umbriel was likely encountered in the past. Previous studies have shown that, in order to prevent entrapment in this resonance, the eccentricities of the satellites must be larger than ~0.01 at the epoch, which is hard to explain. On the other hand, if the satellites experience some temporary capture and then escape, the inclinations rise to high values that are not observed today. We have revisited this problem both analytically and numerically focussing on the inclination, using a secular two-satellite model with circular orbits. We show that if the inclination of Umbriel was around 0.15° at the time of the 5/3 resonance encounter, capture can be avoided in about 60% of the cases. Moreover, after the resonance crossing, the inclination of Umbriel drops to a mean value around 0.08°, which is close to the presently observed one. The final inclination of Ariel is distributed between 0.01° and 0.25° with a nearly equal probability, which includes the present mean value of 0.02°.
3D simulations of AGB stellar winds
Authors: Esseldeurs M. , Siess L. , De Ceuster F. , Homan W. , Malfait J. , Maes S. , Konings T. , Ceulemans T. , Decin L.
Published: April 2023

Context. Stars with an initial mass below ~8 M⊙ evolve through the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase, during which they develop a strong stellar wind, due to radiation pressure on newly formed dust grains. Recent observations have revealed significant morphological complexities in AGB outflows, which are most probably caused by the interaction with a companion.

Aims. We aim for a more accurate description of AGB wind morphologies by accounting for both the radiation force in dust-driven winds and the impact of a companion on the AGB wind morphology.

Methods. We present the implementation of a ray tracer for radiative transfer in the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code PHANTOM. Our method allows for the creation of a 3D map of the optical depth around the AGB star. The effects of four different descriptions of radiative transfer, with different degrees of complexity, are compared: the free-wind approximation, the geometrical approximation, the Lucy approximation, and the attenuation approximation. Finally, we compare the Lucy and attenuation approximation to predictions with the 3D radiative transfer code MAGRITTE.

Results. The effects of the different radiative transfer treatments are analysed considering both a low and high mass-loss rate regime, and this both in the case of a single AGB star, as well as for an AGB binary system. For both low and high mass-loss rates, the velocity profile of the outflow is modified when going from the free-wind to the geometrical approximation, also resulting in a different wind morphology for AGB binary systems. In the case of a low mass-loss rate, the effect of the Lucy and attenuation approximation is negligible due to the low densities but morphological differences appear in the high mass-loss rate regime. By comparing the radiative equilibrium temperature and radiation force to the predictions from MAGRITTE, we show that for most of the models, the Lucy approximation works best. Although, close to the companion, artificial heating occurs and it fails to simulate the shadow cast by the companion. The attenuation approximation leads to stronger absorption of the radiation field, yielding a lower equilibrium temperature and weaker radiation force, but it produces the shadow cast by the companion. From the predictions of the 3D radiative transfer code MAGRITTE, we also conclude that a radially directed radiation force is a reasonable assumption.

Conclusions. The radiation force plays a critical role in dust-driven AGB winds, impacting the velocity profile and morphological structures. For low mass-loss rates, the geometrical approximation suffices, however for high mass-loss rates, a more rigorous method is required. Among the studied approaches, the Lucy approximation provides the most accurate results, although it does not account for all effects.
Leistungsbewertung von Praxiseinsätzen in der OTA-Ausbildung
Authors: Hoffmann Martine , Trumpa Silke
Published: April 2023

Eine Leistungsbeurteilung soll fair, transparent und lernförderlich sein. Ein hoher Anspruch, der auch für die Rückmeldung zu Praxiseinsätzen in der OTA-Ausbildung gilt. Aufschlüsse über die gelebte Umsetzung geben Bögen, die zur Bewertung von praktischen Einsätzen genutzt werden. Drei davon nehmen unsere Autorinnen kritisch unter die Lupe und leiten daraus Fragen ab, die Sie sich bei der nächsten Überarbeitung Ihres Bewertungsbogens stellen sollten.
Selbstmotivation bei Gesundheitsfachkräften
Authors: von Boros Lisa , Helmreich Isabella
Published: April 2023

Unser gesellschaftlicher Wandel steigert das Stresserleben. Ständige Erreichbarkeit, Globalisierung, Digitalisierung, Individualisierung und Wertewandel — um nur einige Stichworte zu nennen — verändern unseren Umgang mit alltäglichen Stressoren. Insbesondere im Gesundheitswesen haben im modernen Alltag Arbeitsdichte und Zeitdruck zugenommen. Das kann zu Lasten der Selbstmotivation gehen, die wir als wichtige Selbststeuerungskompetenz aber dringend benötigen, um unsere anstehenden Aufgaben erfolgreich und zufriedenstellend erledigen zu können. Im Schwerpunkt erfahren Sie, wie Sie Ihre Selbstmotivation stärken können und was das mit Selbstmitgefühl, Selbstfürsorge und den eigenen Werten zu tun hat.
Relationship between Diabetes Self-Management and the Use of Health Care Apps: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Inagaki Satoshi , Kato Kenji , Abe Kozue , Takahashi Hiroaki , Matsuda Tomokazu
Published: April 2023

Background People with diabetes are increasingly using smartphone health care applications (apps) to manage their health. However, few studies have examined the percentage of people with diabetes using health care apps and their relationship to self-care.

Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of health care apps among people with diabetes and the relationship between app use and self-management.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey among people with type 2 diabetes. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using the scores of the Japanese version of Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities and exercise and general diet subscales as the objective variables.

Results Of 253 participants included in this study, 61 (24.1%) used health care apps. Approximately 20% of those aged ≥ 60 also used health care apps. Use of health care apps was a significant predictor of physical activity frequency along with autonomous motivation (p < 0.001). Participants who used health care apps showed a 0.91 point higher physical activity score than those who did not. Regarding the general diet score, the use of health care apps was not significantly associated with dietary habits (p = 0.29).

Conclusion Among people with type 2 diabetes, 24.1% used health care apps, and self-management scores of exercise were significantly higher in people with diabetes who used health care apps than in those who did not.
El franquismo frente a otras voces
Authors: Fernández-Gil María Jesús
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the influence of the socio-political environment on the publication of the first translation into Catalan of Anne Frank’s diary (Folch i Camarasa1959), which had passages cut from the Spanish rendition in 1955. Based on two translations of the same text into two languages spoken in Spain, the analysis will center on the impact of the changes that occurred during the 1950s, characterized by a moderate “opening up.” Attention will be drawn to the role played by the Catalonian publishing industry in reviving cultural production at a time when the voices of the Other were subject to strict control. The efforts to ensure that the book – penned by an author whose testimony pertained to a distant reality – was available in Catalan show the willingness to use translation to question the dominant hegemonic discourse. Furthermore, the text can be considered the initiator of the development undergone by the publishing sector in Catalonia starting in 1962. On the other hand, tolerance of this translation is to be explained because the Francoist regime had to adapt to the circumstances and make concessions to promote a positive international image.