bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Phytochemical Potential and Phytochemicals in Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne in Northern Thailand
Authors: Jeytawan Natwasan , Yadoung Sumed , Jeeno Peerapong , Yana Pichamon , Sutan Kunrunya , Naksen Warangkana , Wongkaew Malaiporn , Sommano Sarana , Hongsibsong Surat
Published: December 2022

Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne is a vegetable local to Chiang Mai Province of Northern Thailand. This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant and phytochemical potential of G. inodorum found in Chiang Mai Province; antioxidant compounds of G. inodorum were tested via DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays, and total phenolic compound and total flavonoid contents were analyzed. Anti-inflammatory effects were focused on regarding pharmacological potential. The gymnemic acid level was analyzed by HPLC-UV, and other potential chemicals were analyzed by LC-QTOF/MS. The quantifications of gymnemic acid contents analyzed using HPLC-UV showed that the highest gymnemic acid concentrations were found in the air-dried and roasted 1-day-fermented leaf extracts (0.1258 ± 0.0157 μg/mg). The highest free radical scavenging activity via DPPH assay was found in baked leaf extract, with an IC50 of 8.99 mg/mL, and via ABTS assay in baked and roasted leaf extracts, with an IC50 of 1.05 mg/mL. FRAP assays showed the highest free radical scavenging activity for the baked leaf extract, with 0.0085 ± 0.008 mM Fe2+/g sample. The total phenolic contents of fresh G. inodorum leaf extracts obtained with ethanol, methanol and water were 0.19 ± 0.0004, 0.21 ± 0.0010 and 0.10 ± 0.0008 μg GAE/g, respectively. The total flavonoid contents of fresh G. inodorum leaf extracts obtained with ethanol, methanol and water were 74.56 ± 28.00, 71.88 ± 16.11 and 10.74 ± 3.63 μg QE/g, respectively. The LC-QTOF/MS analysis of the fresh G. inodorum leaf extract showed that 6-hydroxykaempferol 7-rutinoside was the most abundant compound. In the study, G. inodorum, a plant local to Northern Thailand, is shown to be a useful plant with high antioxidant and phytochemical potential properties.
Induction of Male Sterility by Targeted Mutation of a Restorer-of-Fertility Gene with CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Farooq Zunaira , Nouman Riaz Muhammad , Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Li Yifan , Wang Huadong , Ahmad Mayra , Tu Jinxing , Ma Chaozhi , Dai Cheng , Wen Jing , Shen Jinxiong , Fu Tingdong , Yang Shouping , Wang Benqi , Yi Bin
Published: December 2022

Brassica napus L. (canola, oil seed rape) is one of the world’s most important oil seed crops. In the last four decades, the discovery of cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) systems and the restoration of fertility (Rf) genes in B. napus has improved the crop traits by heterosis. The homologs of Rf genes, known as the restoration of fertility-like (RFL) genes, have also gained importance because of their similarities with Rf genes. Such as a high non-synonymous/synonymous codon replacement ratio (dN/dS), autonomous gene duplications, and a possible engrossment in fertility restoration. B. napus contains 53 RFL genes on chromosomes A9 and C8. Our research aims to study the function of BnaRFL11 in fertility restoration using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique. A total of 88/108 (81.48%) T0 lines, and for T1, 110/145 (75%) lines carried T-DNA insertions. Stable mutations were detected in the T0 and T1 generations, with an average allelic mutation transmission rate of 81%. We used CRISPR-P software to detect off-target 50 plants sequenced from the T0 generation that showed no off-target mutation, signifying that if the designed sgRNA is specific for the target, the off-target effects are negligible. We also concluded that the mutagenic competence of the designed sgRNAs mediated by U6-26 and U6-29 ranged widely from 31% to 96%. The phenotypic analysis of bnarfl11 revealed defects in the floral structure, leaf size, branch number, and seed production. We discovered a significant difference between the sterile line and fertile line flower development after using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. The pollen visibility test showed that the pollen grain had utterly degenerated. The cytological observations of homozygous mutant plants showed an anther abortion stage similar to nap-CMS, with a Orf222, Orf139, Ap3, and nad5c gene upregulation. The bnarfl11 shows vegetative defects, including fewer branches and a reduced leaf size, suggesting that PPR-encoding genes are essential for the plants’ vegetative and reproductive growth. Our results demonstrated that BnaRFL11 has a possible role in fertility restoration. The current study’s findings suggest that CRISPR/Cas9 mutations may divulge the functions of genes in polyploid species and provide agronomically desirable traits through a targeted mutation.
The Genus Cynometra: A Review of Ethnomedicine, Chemical, and Biological Data
Authors: Sabiha Shabnam , Serrano Rita , Hasan Kamrul , Moreira da Silva Isabel B. , Rocha João , Islam Nurul , Silva Olga
Published: December 2022

Cynometra L. is a Fabaceae genus that is widely distributed throughout the tropics, consisting of tropical forest trees with ecological and economic importance since they are used as food and herbal medicines by the populations of their natural habitats. Our goal is to provide a review of the research data concerning the potential of this botanical genus as a source of herbal medicines and secondary metabolites that are useful for human health. To that end, scientific databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched using the following terms: Cynometra, medicine, chemical, biological activity, toxicity, and “AND” as the Boolean connector. Eleven Cynometra species (9.7%) were reported to be used in traditional medicine to treat different ailments. A total of 185 secondary metabolites of various chemical classes, mainly flavonoids and terpenoids, were identified in eight Cynometra species (7.1%). Vitexin was the only flavonoid identified as bioactive in the sequence of bioguided studies on this botanical genus. Ten species (8.8%) were submitted to in vitro and in vivo biological activity assays. The main evaluated activities were in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities, but no human clinical trials or safety data about this genus were found. Cynometra cauliflora and Cynometra ramiflora were the most studied species. The present work confirms the use of Cynometra species as a source of medicinal plants. However, more experimental studies must be conducted to better understand this botanical genus’s usefulness as a source of raw materials for pharmaceutical use.
A Mini Review on Natural Safeners: Chemistry, Uses, Modes of Action, and Limitations
Authors: Deng Xile
Published: December 2022

Herbicide injury is a common problem during the application of herbicides in practice. However, applying herbicide safeners can avoid herbicide damage. Safeners selectively protect crops against herbicide injury without affecting the biological activity of herbicides against the target weeds. However, after long-term application, commercial safeners were found to pose risks to the agricultural ecological environment. Natural safeners are endogenous compounds from animals, plants, and microbes, with unique structures and are relatively environment-friendly, and thus can address the potential risks of commercial safeners. This paper summarizes the current progress of the discovery methods, structures, uses, and modes of action of natural safeners. This study also concludes the limitations of natural safeners and prospects the future research directions, offering guidance for the practical application of natural safeners to prevent herbicide injury. This study will also guide the research and development of corresponding products.
Experimental Characterization of a Microfluidic Device Based on Passive Crossflow Filters for Blood Fractionation
Authors: Gonçalves Inês M. , Castro Inês , Barbosa Filipe , Faustino Vera , Catarino Susana O. , Moita Ana , Miranda João M. , Minas Graça , Sousa Patrícia C. , Lima Rui
Published: December 2022

The separation of red blood cells (RBCs) from blood plasma and the analysis of individual RBCs are of great importance, as they provide valuable information regarding the health of their donor. Recent developments in microfluidics and microfabrication have contributed to the fabrication of microsystems with complex features to promote the separation and analysis of RBCs. In this work, the separation capacity of a multi-step crossflow microfluidic device was evaluated by using a blood analogue fluid made by Brij L4 micelles and human RBCs separated from whole blood, suspended in a solution with hematocrits (Ht) of 0.5 and 1%. All the samples collected at the outlets of the device were experimentally analyzed and compared. The absorbance spectrum was also measured for the prepared blood samples. The results indicate that the tested blood analogue fluid has exhibited a flow behavior similar to that of blood. In addition, the optical absorbance spectrophotometry revealed that it was possible to evaluate the separation efficiency of the microfluidic device, concluding that the concentration of cells was lower at the most lateral outside outlets of the microchannel due to the cumulative effect of the multiple cross-flow filters.
Entropic DDoS Detection for Quantum Networks
Authors: Rajan Del
Published: December 2022

Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks are a significant issue in classical networks. These attacks have been shown to impact the critical infrastructure of a nation, such as its major financial institutions. The possibility of DDoS attacks has also been identified for quantum networks. In this theoretical work, we introduce a quantum analogue of classical entropic DDoS detection systems and apply it in the context of detecting an attack on a quantum network. In particular, we examine DDoS attacks on a quantum repeater and harness the associated entanglement entropy for the detection system. Our results extend the applicability of quantum information from the domain of data security to the area of network security.
Sex Education in Islamic Primary Schools in The Netherlands
Authors: Kaya-Postema Sara
Published: December 2022

The Netherlands is known for its progressive attitude towards dealing with sexuality. Sex education has a permanent place in the educational system. Dutch legislation provides schools with the opportunity to teach the subject in their own way, in line with the school’s ethos/identity. In this article I answer the question: What are the views and attitudes of RE teachers regarding sexuality in the teaching practice of Islamic primary schools? Qualitative research among six teachers of religious education (RE), a school principal, and a counsellor of religion at the Islamic school foundation SIMON, shows that respondents experience a gap between Islamic principles regarding sexuality and views common in Dutch society. Topics that lead to discussion include talking openly about sex, sexual diversity and the use of photos and images. The question emerges what role shame plays in Islamic sex education. One experiences a paradox as to the call to shame that emanates from religious sources, which seems to contradict the openness found in the same sources. Islamic sex education at SIMON schools seems to prefer open, informative, and modest communication about (almost) all subjects related to sexuality. Islamic views and an attitude of respect are encouraged with positive and loving terminology.
Fairness-Based Multi-AP Coordination Using Federated Learning in Wi-Fi 7
Authors: Woo Gimoon , Kim Hyungbin , Park Seunghyun , You Cheolwoo , Park Hyunhee
Published: December 2022

Federated learning is a type of distributed machine learning in which models learn by using large-scale decentralized data between servers and devices. In a short-range wireless communication environment, it can be difficult to apply federated learning because the number of devices in one access point (AP) is small, which can be small enough to perform federated learning. Therefore, it means that the minimum number of devices required to perform federated learning cannot be matched by the devices included in one AP environment. To do this, we propose to obtain a uniform global model regardless of data distribution by considering the multi-AP coordination characteristics of IEEE 802.11be in a decentralized federated learning environment. The proposed method can solve the imbalance in data transmission due to the non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) environment in a decentralized federated learning environment. In addition, we can also ensure the fairness of multi-APs and determine the update criteria for newly elected primary-APs by considering the learning training time of multi-APs and energy consumption of grouped devices performing federated learning. Thus, our proposed method can determine the primary-AP according to the number of devices participating in the federated learning in each AP during the initial federated learning to consider the communication efficiency. After the initial federated learning, fairness can be guaranteed by determining the primary-AP through the training time of each AP. As a result of performing decentralized federated learning using the MNIST and FMNIST dataset, the proposed method showed up to a 97.6% prediction accuracy. In other words, it can be seen that, even in a non-IID multi-AP environment, the update of the global model for federated learning is performed fairly.
Auditory Feedback for Enhanced Sense of Agency in Shared Control
Authors: Morita Tomoya , Zhu Yaonan , Aoyama Tadayoshi , Takeuchi Masaru , Yamamoto Kento , Hasegawa Yasuhisa
Published: December 2022

There is a growing need for robots that can be remotely controlled to perform tasks of one’s own choice. However, the SoA (Sense of Agency: the sense of recognizing that the motion of an observed object is caused by oneself) is reduced because the subject of the robot motion is identified as external due to shared control. To address this issue, we aimed to suppress the decline in SoA by presenting auditory feedback that aims to blur the distinction between self and others. We performed the tracking task in a virtual environment under four different auditory feedback conditions, with varying levels of automation to manipulate the virtual robot gripper. Experimental results showed that the proposed auditory feedback suppressed the decrease in the SoA at a medium level of automation. It is suggested that our proposed auditory feedback could blur the distinction between self and others, and that the operator attributes the subject of the motion of the manipulated object to himself.
Automated Machine Learning System for Defect Detection on Cylindrical Metal Surfaces
Authors: Huang Yi-Cheng , Hung Kuo-Chun , Lin Jun-Chang
Published: December 2022

Metal workpieces are indispensable in the manufacturing industry. Surface defects affect the appearance and efficiency of a workpiece and reduce the safety of manufactured products. Therefore, products must be inspected for surface defects, such as scratches, dirt, and chips. The traditional manual inspection method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and human error is unavoidable when thousands of products require inspection. Therefore, an automated optical inspection method is often adopted. Traditional automated optical inspection algorithms are insufficient in the detection of defects on metal surfaces, but a convolutional neural network (CNN) may aid in the inspection. However, considerable time is required to select the optimal hyperparameters for a CNN through training and testing. First, we compared the ability of three CNNs, namely VGG-16, ResNet-50, and MobileNet v1, to detect defects on metal surfaces. These models were hypothetically implemented for transfer learning (TL). However, in deploying TL, the phenomenon of apparent convergence in prediction accuracy, followed by divergence in validation accuracy, may create a problem when the image pattern is not known in advance. Second, our developed automated machine-learning (AutoML) model was trained through a random search with the core layers of the network architecture of the three TL models. We developed a retraining criterion for scenarios in which the model exhibited poor training results such that a new neural network architecture and new hyperparameters could be selected for retraining when the defect accuracy criterion in the first TL was not met. Third, we used AutoKeras to execute AutoML and identify a model suitable for a metal-surface-defect dataset. The performance of TL, AutoKeras, and our designed AutoML model was compared. The results of this study were obtained using a small number of metal defect samples. Based on TL, the detection accuracy of VGG-16, ResNet-50, and MobileNet v1 was 91%, 59.00%, and 50%, respectively. Moreover, the AutoKeras model exhibited the highest accuracy of 99.83%. The accuracy of the self-designed AutoML model reached 95.50% when using a core layer module, obtained by combining the modules of VGG-16, ResNet-50, and MobileNet v1. The designed AutoML model effectively and accurately recognized defective and low-quality samples despite low training costs. The defect accuracy of the developed model was close to that of the existing AutoKeras model and thus can contribute to the development of new diagnostic technologies for smart manufacturing.
ARAIM Stochastic Model Refinements for GNSS Positioning Applications in Support of Critical Vehicle Applications
Authors: Yang Ling , Sun Nan , Rizos Chris , Jiang Yiping
Published: December 2022

Integrity monitoring (IM) is essential if GNSS positioning technologies are to be fully trusted by future intelligent transport systems. A tighter and conservative stochastic model can shrink protection levels in the position domain and therefore enhance the user-level integrity. In this study, the stochastic models for vehicle-based GNSS positioning are refined in three respects: (1) Gaussian bounds of precise orbit and clock error products from the International GNSS Service are used; (2) a variable standard deviation to characterize the residual tropospheric delay after model correction is adopted; and (3) an elevation-dependent model describing the receiver-related errors is adaptively refined using least-squares variance component estimation. The refined stochastic models are used for positioning and IM under the Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) framework, which is considered the basis for multi-constellation GNSS navigation to support air navigation in the future. These refinements are assessed via global simulations and real data experiments. Different schemes are designed and tested to evaluate the corresponding enhancements on ARAIM availability for both aviation and ground vehicle-based positioning applications.
Atmospheric Pressure Solvothermal Synthesis of Nanoscale SnO2 and Its Application in Microextrusion Printing of a Thick-Film Chemosensor Material for Effective Ethanol Detection
Authors: Fisenko Nikita A. , Solomatov Ivan A. , Simonenko Nikolay P. , Mokrushin Artem S. , Gorobtsov Philipp Yu. , Simonenko Tatiana L. , Volkov Ivan A. , Simonenko Elizaveta P. , Kuznetsov Nikolay T.
Published: December 2022

The atmospheric pressure solvothermal (APS) synthesis of nanocrystalline SnO2 (average size of coherent scattering regions (CSR)—7.5 ± 0.6 nm) using tin acetylacetonate as a precursor was studied. The resulting nanopowder was used as a functional ink component in microextrusion printing of a tin dioxide thick film on the surface of a Pt/Al2O3/Pt chip. Synchronous thermal analysis shows that the resulting semiproduct is transformed completely into tin dioxide nanopowder at 400 °C within 1 h. The SnO2 powder and the resulting film were shown to have a cassiterite-type structure according to X-ray diffraction analysis, and IR spectroscopy was used to establish the set of functional groups in the material composition. The microstructural features of the tin dioxide powder were analyzed using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy: the average size of the oxide powder particles was 8.2 ± 0.7 nm. Various atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were employed to investigate the topography of the oxide film and to build maps of surface capacitance and potential distribution. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of the printed SnO2 film was studied using impedance spectroscopy. The chemosensory properties of the formed material when detecting H2, CO, NH3, C6H6, C3H6O and C2H5OH, including at varying humidity, were also examined. It was demonstrated that the obtained SnO2 film has an increased sensitivity (the sensory response value was 1.4–63.5) and selectivity for detection of 4–100 ppm C2H5OH at an operating temperature of 200 °C.
A Continuous Motion Shape-from-Focus Method for Geometry Measurement during 3D Printing
Authors: Gladines Jona , Sels Seppe , Hillen Michael , Vanlanduit Steve
Published: December 2022

In 3D printing, as in other manufacturing processes, there is a push for zero-defect manufacturing, mainly to avoid waste. To evaluate the quality of the printed parts during the printing process, an accurate 3D measurement method is required. By scanning the part during the buildup, potential nonconformities to tolerances can be detected early on and the printing process could be adjusted to avoid scrapping the part. Out of many, shape-from-focus, is an accurate method for recovering 3D shapes from objects. However, the state-of-the-art implementation of the method requires the object to be stationary during a measurement. This does not reconcile with the nature of 3D printing, where continuous motion is required for the manufacturing process. This research presents a novel methodology that allows shape-from-focus to be used in a continuous scanning motion, thus making it possible to apply it to the 3D manufacturing process. By controlling the camera trigger and a tunable lens with synchronous signals, a stack of images can be created while the camera or the object is in motion. These images can be re-aligned and then used to create a 3D depth image. The impact on the quality of the 3D measurement was tested by analytically comparing the quality of a scan using the traditional stationary method and of the proposed method to a known reference. The results demonstrate a 1.22% degradation in the measurement error.
Vision-Based Damage Detection for One-Fixed-End Structures Based on Aligned Marker Space and Decision Fusion
Authors: Dworakowski Ziemowit , Zdziebko Pawel , Dziedziech Kajetan , Holak Krzysztof
Published: December 2022

It is possible to detect damage in structures based only on vision-system-based assessment of their deformation shape under load. There is, however, a gap between available methods designed to detect damage in beam-like structures and engineering needs for monitoring structures of many different shapes. In this article, a new Aligned Marker Space method of morphing vision data is introduced. The method allows damage detection of any engineering object with one fixed support as if it were a cantilever beam. The paper also presents a new fusion technique to combine the results of several damage-detection methods for an increase in accuracy and sensitivity. The methods are tested based on numerical simulation of various structures, a blender-based simulation, and a set of practical experiments in which crane structures are subjected to damage of different sizes and locations. The optimization of damage detection methods’ metaparemeters is performed using an evolutionary algorithm designed to find the Pareto front of the solutions. The assessment of the influence of different factors, like camera position, damage position, or repetition of the experiment, is provided.
Augmented Reality for Vehicle-Driver Communication: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kettle Liam , Lee Yi-Ching
Published: December 2022

Capabilities for automated driving system (ADS)-equipped vehicles have been expanding over the past decade. Research has explored integrating augmented reality (AR) interfaces in ADS-equipped vehicles to improve drivers’ situational awareness, performance, and trust. This paper systematically reviewed AR visualizations for in-vehicle vehicle-driver communication from 2012 to 2022. The review first identified meta-data and methodological trends before aggregating findings from distinct AR interfaces and corresponding subjective and objective measures. Prominent subjective measures included acceptance, trust, and user experience; objective measures comprised various driving behavior or eye-tracking metrics. Research more often evaluated simulated AR interfaces, presented through windshields, and communicated object detection or intended maneuvers, in level 2 ADS. For object detection, key visualizations included bounding shapes, highlighting, or symbols. For intended route, mixed results were found for world-fixed verse screen-fixed arrows. Regardless of the AR design, communicating the ADS’ actions or environmental elements was beneficial to drivers, though presenting clear, relevant information was more favorable. Gaps in the literature that yet to be addressed include longitudinal effects, impaired visibility, contextual user needs, system reliability, and, most notably, inclusive design. Regardless, the review supports that integrating AR interfaces in ADS-equipped vehicles can lead to higher trust, acceptance, and safer driving performances.
GC-MS Analysis and Bioactivities of the Essential Oil of Suaeda aegyptiaca
Authors: Amin Elham , Elwekeel Ahlam , Alshariedh Nasrah F. , Abdel-Bakky Mohamed Sadek , Hassan Marwa H. A.
Published: December 2022

Suaeda aegyptiaca is a halophytic plant widely growing in northeast Africa and Asia. The current study reports on the GC-MS analysis of S. aegyptiaca essential oil. The essential oil was prepared using three different methods: cold n-hexane extraction (CHE), hot n-hexane extraction (HHE), and hydro-distillation extraction (HDE). The GC-MS analysis detected twenty-eight compounds in both CHE (97.28%) and HHE (97.35%) and twenty compounds in HDE (98.65%). 2-methyloctacosane (48.72%); 11-decyldocosane (29.20%); and 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester (57.87%) were the main constituents in CHE, HHE, and HDE, respectively. Free radical scavenging activity testing using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) revealed the notable anti-oxidant potential of HDE (IC50 0.358 mg/mL) compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 0.264 mg/mL). Moreover, in vitro anti-inflammatory activity testing using COX-1 and COX-2 showed the notable activity of HDE (IC50 5.50 µg/mL and 2.59 µg/mL, respectively). The observed anti-inflammatory activity of HDE was further confirmed by the characteristic decrease in TNF-α levels in RAW264.7 to 572.20 Pg/mL compared to the decrease of 442.80 Pg/mL caused by the positive control (Celecoxib®). On the other hand, a cytotoxic activity investigation indicated that CHE was the most potent against the Caco-2 and HCT-116 cell lines (IC50 8.11 and 11.18 µg/mL, respectively), and it was closely followed by HHE (IC50 12.42 µg/mL) against the Caco-2 cell line. Collectively, S. aegyptiaca essential oil prepared by the hydro-distillation method exhibited notable anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, while the same essential oil prepared by solvent extraction methods displayed a characteristic cytotoxic activity against the Caco-2 and HCT-116 cell lines. These results confirmed that different extraction methods greatly influence the biological potential of an essential oil, which, in turn, is attributable to the different constituents in each extract Moreover, S. aegyptiaca was noted as a promising halophytic plant for more phytochemical and biological investigations.
Social Factors Associated with Poverty in Households in Peru
Authors: Quispe-Mamani Julio Cesar , Aguilar-Pinto Santotomas Licimaco , Calcina-Álvarez Dominga Asunción , Ulloa-Gallardo Nelly Jacqueline , Madueño-Portilla Roxana , Vargas-Espinoza Jorge Luis , Quispe-Mamani Félix , Cutipa-Quilca Balbina Esperanza , Tairo-Huamán Ruth Nancy , Coacalla-Vargas Elizalde
Published: December 2022

The objective of the research was to identify the determinants of poverty at the household level in Peru in 2020. The research design was descriptive and correlational, with a type of non-experimental research and quantitative approach, and considered the logit econometric model; the sources of information used correspond to the National Household Survey of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, from which the variables that are considered determinants of poverty were extracted and managed. It was determined that the size of the household positively influences by 1.3%; the economic income of the head of household negatively influences by 0.000828%; the years of education of the head of household influences by 0.1%; homeownership influences by 0.9%; access to social programs of food and non-food aid influence by 0.9% and 0.6%, respectively; access to drinking water service, hygienic service and electric power service have a negative influence of 1.8%, 0.6% and 1.7%; all these factors are associated with the poverty of households in Peru. Therefore, the social determinants of poverty were household size, economic income, years of education, access to homeownership, access to a social food aid program, access to a social non-food aid program, access to drinking water services, access to hygienic services and access to electric power services.
Quantitative Simulation and Verification of the Coordination Curves between Sustainable Development and Green Innovation Efficiency: From the Perspective of Urban Agglomerations Development
Authors: Duan Zhicheng , Tang Tingting
Published: December 2022

Green innovation efficiency is the symbol of competitiveness; sustainable development is an important way to enhance social and economic development comprehensively. By deeply understanding the coordination development law and facilitating the development progress between the two, it has great practical significance for the promotion of sustainable development in China. Based on multi-source data, this paper discusses the basic principle of the climbing rule for the coordination process between sustainable development and green innovation efficiency in urban agglomerations and constructs a mathematical model to obtain its geometric expression. Then, according to the entropy weight model, SBM-DEA model and coordination model, the sustainable development level, green innovation efficiency and coordinated development level are calculated. Finally, through the simulation verification methods, the coordination process and the formation and development process of urban agglomerations are cross-discussed. The results are as follows: (1) The differences in growth rates are the main reason for the spatial distribution mismatch between sustainable development and green innovation efficiency. (2) Highly coordinated regions have gradually extended from the national level to the surrounding low-level urban agglomerations. (3) The coordination level between sustainable development and green innovation efficiency passed the antagonism period and is expected to rise further in the near future and (4) The coordination progress in urban agglomeration is a wave-like climbing curve that changes with the development of urban agglomeration.
Consciousness, Sapience and Sentience—A Metacybernetic View
Authors: Yolles Maurice
Published: December 2022

Living systems are complex dynamic information processing energy consuming entities with properties of consciousness, intelligence, sapience, and sentience. Sapience and sentience are autonomous attributes of consciousness. While sapience has been well studied over the years, that of sentience is relatively rare. The nature of sapience and sentience will be considered, and a metacybernetic framework using structural information will be adopted to explore the metaphysics of consciousness. Metacybernetics delivers a cyberintrinsic model that is cybernetic in nature, but also uses the theory of structural information arising from Frieden’s work with Fisher information. This will be used to model sapience and sentience and their relationship. Since living systems are energy-consuming entities, it is also natural for thermodynamic metaphysical models to arise, and most of the theoretical studies of sentience have been set within a thermodynamic framework. Hence, a thermodynamic approach will also be introduced and connected to cyberintrinsic theory. In metaphysical contexts, thermodynamics uses free-energy, which plays the same role in cyberintrinsic modelling as intrinsic structural information. Since living systems exist at the dynamical interface of information and thermodynamics, the overall purpose of this paper is to explore sentience from the alternative cyberintrinsic perspective of metacybernetics.
Automatic Exposure Control Attains Radiation Dose Modulation Matched with the Head Size in Pediatric Brain CT
Authors: Inoue Yusuke , Itoh Hiroyasu , Miyatake Hiroki , Hata Hirofumi , Sasa Ryosuke , Shiibashi Nao , Mitsui Kohei
Published: December 2022

We investigated the relationship between the head size and radiation dose in pediatric brain computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the validity of automatic exposure control (AEC). Phantom experiments were performed to assess image noise with and without AEC, and indicated that AEC decreased differences in noise between slices of different section sizes. Retrospective analysis was conducted on 980 pediatric brain CT scans where the tube current was determined using AEC. The water equivalent diameter (WED) was employed as an index of the head size, and mean WED for each image set (WEDmean) and WED for each slice (WEDslice) were used for analysis. For the image-set-based analysis, volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) was compared to WEDmean. For the slice-based analysis, the tube current was compared to WEDslice using 20 of the 980 sets. Additionally, CTDIvol and WEDmean were compared between male and female patients matched for age, weight, or WEDmean. CTDIvol increased with increasing WEDmean, and an exponential curve was closely fitted to the relationship. Tube current changed similarly to the change in WEDslice for each image set, and an exponential curve was well-fitted to the plots of tube current against WEDslice when data from the 20 sets were pooled together. Although CTDIvol and WEDmean were slightly but significantly larger for male than female patients after matching for age or weight, a sex-dependent difference in CTDIvol was not found after matching for WEDmean. This study indicated successful dose modulation using AEC according to the head size for each patient and each slice location. The application of AEC to pediatric brain CT is recommended for radiation dose optimization.
Effects of Moss-Dominated Biocrusts on Soil Microbial Community Structure in an Ionic Rare Earth Tailings Area of Southern China
Authors: Song Yongsheng , Liu Renlu , Yang Liren , Xiao Xiaoyu , He Genhe
Published: December 2022

Moss-dominated biocrusts are widespread in degraded mining ecosystems and play an important role in soil development and ecosystem primary succession. In this work, the soil microbial community structure under moss-dominated biocrusts in ionic rare earth tailings was investigated to reveal the relationship between different types of moss and taxonomy/function of microbiomes. The results showed that microbial community structure was significantly influenced by four moss species (Claopodium rugulosifolium, Orthotrichum courtoisii, Polytrichum formosum, and Taxiphyllum giraldii). The microbial assembly was more prominent in Claopodium rugulosifolium soil than in the other moss soils, which covers 482 bacterial genera (including 130 specific genera) and 338 fungal genera (including 72 specific genera), and the specific genus is 40% to 1300% higher than that of the other three mosses. Although only 141 and 140 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) rooted in bacterial and fungal clusters, respectively, were shared by all four mosses grown in ionic rare earth tailings, this core microbiome could represent a large fraction (28.2% and 38.7%, respectively) of all sequence reads. The bacterial population and representation are the most abundant, which mainly includes Sphingomonas, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and unclassified filamentous bacteria and chloroplasts, while the fungi population is relatively singular. The results also show that biocrust dominated by moss has a positive effect on soil microbe activity and soil nutrient conditions. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of developing moss-dominated biocrusts as hotspots of ecosystem functioning and precious microbial genetic resources in degraded rare-earth mining areas and promoting a better understanding of biocrust ecology in humid climates under global change scenarios.
Evaluation of Amino Acids Profile as Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptians
Authors: Ghanem Samar Ebrahim , Abdel-Samiee Mohamed , El-Said Hala , Youssef Mohamed I. , ElZohry Hassan Ahmed , Abdelsameea Eman , Moaz Inas , Abdelwahab Sayed F. , Elaskary Shymaa A. , Zaher Eman Mohammed , Helal Marwa Lotfy
Published: December 2022

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most dangerous complication of chronic liver disease. It is a multifactorial complicated disease. Hepatitis C and hepatitis B viruses (HCV and HBV, respectively) represent the main causes of HCC in Egypt. Early diagnosis is very important to aid in early intervention. Objectives: The goal of this research is to evaluate the metabolic role of different amino acids as non-invasive biomarkers over the course of HCC. Methods: This study included 302 participants with 97 diagnosed, untreated HCC patients, 81 chronic HCV patients, 56 chronic HBV patients, 18 co-infected patients, and a control group of 50 normal age and gender-matched individuals. All participants provided complete medical histories and underwent complete clinical examinations, abdominal ultrasonography and/or computed tomography, routine laboratory investigations, estimation of serum α-fetoprotein, and determination of amino acid levels using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC MS/MS). Results: This work revealed a decline in branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and increase in aromatic amino acids (AAA) among infected groups (HCC, HBV, HCV, and co-infected patients) compared to control subjects and a marked change in Fisher’s and the BCAAs/tyrosine molar concentration ratios (BTR) between controls and infected groups. Conclusion: Different amino acids could be used as non-invasive markers to discriminate and follow chronic hepatitis patients to predict the course of HCC.
A Fractional Order Model Studying the Role of Negative and Positive Attitudes towards Vaccination
Authors: Baba Isa , Rihan Fathalla , Humphries Usa , Mikailu Badamasi
Published: December 2022

A fractional-order model consisting of a system of four equations in a Caputo–Fabrizio sense is constructed. This paper investigates the role of negative and positive attitudes towards vaccination in relation to infectious disease proliferation. Two equilibrium points, i.e., disease-free and endemic, are computed. Basic reproduction ratio is also deducted. The existence and uniqueness properties of the model are established. Stability analysis of the solutions of the model is carried out. Numerical simulations are carried out and the effects of negative and positive attitudes towards vaccination areclearly shown; the significance of the fractional-order from the biological point of view is also established. The positive effect of increasing awareness, which in turn increases positive attitudes towards vaccination, is also shown numerically.The results show that negative attitudes towards vaccination increase infectious disease proliferation and this can only be limited by mounting awareness campaigns in the population. It is also clear from our findings that the high vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemicisan important problem, and further efforts should be madeto support people and give them correct information about vaccines.
STRATEGIC PLANNING PROBLEMS AND CONTRADICTIONS
Authors: Krupnov Yuriy A. , Silvestrov Sergey N. , Starovoitov Vladimir G.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the formation and implementation of national goals as a stage of the strategizing process. Subject of the study: analysis of current problems in the implementation of national goals for the period up to 2030 and beyond. The possibility of expanding the planning horizon in conditions of high uncertainty is considered. It is shown that improving the effectiveness of national goals should be carried out on the basis of the use of modern forecasting methods, as well as ensuring realistic planning, continuity of goals and structural and logical harmonization of the planning system. Based on the use of factor analysis and ranking methods, an assessment of the degree of influence of problems on the effectiveness of plans to achieve national goals was carried out. The directions of solving the most significant problems are substantiated.
TEACHING POLITICAL ECONOMY: PRACTICES AND THE FUTURE (BASED ON THE REPORT AT THE PLENARY SESSION OF THE VI INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY CONGRESS — IPEC-2022)
Authors: Barashkova Olga V.
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the experience of teaching political economy and disciplines developed on the basis of political economy methodology. The factors that determine the demand for political economy on the part of students and the research community are systematized. A brief description of the activities of international associations in the field of political economy and international scientific journals and publications is given. The features and main characteristics of the course “Political Economy” and disciplines developed on the basis of the methodology of political economy taught at Lomonosov Moscow State University for students of economics, as well as for students of non-economic areas and specialties, are considered. Directions for further development of teaching political economy and disciplines based on political economy methodology are outlined.
TEACHING ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNERS IN RURAL AREA: TEACHERS’ CHALLENGES
Authors: Khulel Buyun
Published: December 2022

Rural education, in comparison to its urban and suburban counterparts, is seen to face a distinct challenge. The location and implementation of an English curriculum in primary school are significant problems. As a result, the purpose of this study is to look into the difficulties that English teachers face when teaching English to young learners in rural public primary schools in Baureno, East Java. A semi-structured interview with six participants from six elementary schools in five villages (Gajah, Gunungsari, Tulungagung, Selorejo, and Blongsong) is utilized to address the question. It begins by briefly reviewing the role of English in the national primary school curriculum on the one hand, and the implementation of English programs in rural schools on the other. Throughout the research, the researcher encountered three difficulties: (i) Students’ socio-economics condition, (ii) the status of English in the school, and (iii) Covid-19 pandemic. As a result, the writer suggested that more research be done to highlight English teachers’challenges on the implementation of primary school learning. The findings of the study can be used by English teachers, stakeholders, policymakers, and institutions to develop practical strategies for teaching English in primary school.
THE SEMANTIC FEATURE ANALYSIS ON TEACHING VOCABULARY FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
Authors: Dwihastuti Dieni Nurhasanah
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

As vocabulary is a necessary mode of communication, it must be acquired first to be able to master the English language. It is a good idea to start vocabulary classes in elementary school. As their memory is still strong in remembering things, they are ready to learn anything new. However, since English is a second language, teachers will need to employ strategies to have students acquire and memorize new words. This study focuses on linguistic knowledge, that is, semantics, which the teacher uses in the classroom and the learning materials to encourage students’ vocabulary. This is a content analysis of the teacher's approaches to teaching new words to young learners using semantic aspects. This research will be observed through two videos of English-language classrooms. The findings reveal that semantic features such as synonym and antonym pairs, polysemy, and applying in short sentences were used in the classroom when teaching vocabulary. During the class, photos, cassettes, music, and a variety of other learning resources are used. These strategies motivate and encourage students to learn the new vocabulary.

Keywords: vocabulary, instruction, young learner, semantics
Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Sutiono Dr.
Published: December 2022

Profesionalisme guru merupakan sebuah kondisi arah, nilai, tujuan dan kualitas suatu keahlian dan kewenangan dalam bidang pengajaran dan yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan seseorang. Sementara itu guru professional adalah guru yang memiliki kompetensi yang dipersyaratkan untuk melakukan tugas pendidikan dan pengajaran. Kopetensi disini meliputi pengetahuan, sikap dan ketrampilan professional baik yang bersifat pribadi, sosial atau akademis. Isyarat al-Qur’an tentang profesionalisme bahwa guru harus akrab dengan pena dan tulisan. Sebab dengan kedua alat ini pengetahuannya akan terus bertambah sehingga membantunya dalam memberikan wawasan terhadap murid-muridnya. bahwa seorang guru harus memiliki mental yang kuat dan tidak mudah menyerah, sehingga sukses dalam menghadapi cobaan selama mengajar. bahwa guru harus memiliki niat ikhlas dalam mengajar agar bernilai ibadah yang mengandung pahala. Bahwa guru harus memiliki kompetensi kepribadian yang integral sehingga bisa menjadi teladan bagi nak didiknya. Model pengembangan profesionalitas guru adalah melalui pengembangan watak guru. Dalam undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang system Pendidikan nasional dijelaskan bahwa Pendidikan adalah: suatu upaya sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya agar memilki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia serta keterampilan yang diperlukan dirinya, masyarakat bangsa dan negara. Dengan demikian, maka guru harus memilki keunggulan (excellence), passion for profesionalisme dan etika (ethical) yakni memiliki komitmen untuk melaksanakan tugasnya, memiliki kecakapan dan memiliki motivasi yang kuat untuk selalu menjadi yang terbaik dan unggul