bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lockheed Martin: an industry leader with a compelling vision achieves software superiority and competitive edge
Authors: Haque Tani
Published: April 2007

Details developments at Lockheed Martin using process‐based software configuration management (SCM).
Touchscreen technology ‐ breakthrough for hardness testing
Authors: Sidaway Trevor
Published: April 2007

Briefly discusses the development of touchscreen testing for use in hardness testing for analysis and control.
Boeing enters new era in military aircraft production
Authors: Data Systems Western
Published: April 2007

Discusses the implementation of a new integrated manufacturing control system from Western Data Systems at Boeing.
Inhibition effect of some organic N‐containing compounds in acidic corrosion of carbonized steel
Authors: Halilova Florida I. , Aliguliyev Ramiz M. , Rzaev Zakir M.O.
Published: April 2007

The influence of some N‐containing organic compounds such as tetraethanol‐β‐octadecenyl succinylamide (TOSA), morphonil‐β‐hexenyl succinylamide (MHSA), ammonium naphthenyltri‐n‐butyl chloride (ANBC) and 1‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐3‐diethylaminopropanol‐2 (TMAP) as inhibitors for the corrosion of carbonized steel in mineral acid (HCl and H2SO4) solutions with different concentrations has been studied by using gravimetrical, electrochemical and polarization corrosion test methods. Observes that all compounds having surface active properties behave as inhibitors of a functional active cathodic type and have an inhibition effect at the first stage of corrosion in both acids, but more effectively in H2SO4. Shows that inhibition effect increases with increase of temperature in 0.5N H2SO4 solution and decreases with increase of temperature for the higher concentrations of acidic solutions. Shows that TOSA and TMAP compared with MHSA and ANBC enchance protection properties of adsorption layer.
Phosmatt ‐ an alternative phosphating system
Authors: Le Prevost J.
Published: April 2007

Describes the Phosmatt phosphating system, which can be used as a pre‐treatment for the painting, coating or bonding of steel surfaces. Offers great savings in time and space through reducing the normal phosphating process down to a single operation, by simultaneously decreasing, cleaning, etching and phosphating. Outlines the equipment involved and the limitations of the Phosmatt system.
Electrophoretic painting ‐ the way forward
Authors: Hope Peter
Published: April 2007

Outlines the current state of the art and the future of electrophoretic protective and cosmetic (EPPC) coatings, in which the author’s company, LVH Coatings Limited, deals. LVH Coatings is a manufacturer and supplier of EPPCs internationally. Its existing range of Clearclad products is supplied, through a network of distributors, to a variety of industries throughout the world.
Stress induced embrittlement of stainless steel
Authors: Mukherjee D. , Rajmohan R. , Rathapan B. , Rajkumar V. , Raman S.
Published: April 2007

The paper discusses the aspect of probable stress induced embrittlement of 304 stainless steel stresses originating from thermal exposure, uniaxial tension, and reverse bending, which have been simulated on the surface of SS plates of 1mm thickness, using conventional techniques. The physical and electrochemical properties of the treated SS materials have been followed up as a function of the corroding medium and also the type and extent of the stress interaction.
Understanding customer satisfaction – a UK food industry case study
Authors: Adebanjo Dotun
Published: April 2007

The importance of customer satisfaction to the commercial success of businesses is widely acknowledged. However, many companies, including those in the UK food sector, struggle to satisfy their customers. Responsibility lies partly with a failure to fully understand the basic building‐blocks of customer satisfaction as a concept. Presents the results of a study by a group of UK food industry managers, led by Leatherhead Food RA. Identifies and describes six key drivers of customer satisfaction, which may be applied to all types of organisation, including those outside the food industry.
Goats milk – a suitable hypoallergenic alternative?
Authors: Robinson Frances
Published: April 2007

Goats milk has been said to be a suitable alternative to cows milk for people with lactose intolerance and cows milk protein intolerance, but most of the evidence is anecdotal. This review discusses some of the marginal differences which distinguish goats milk from cows milk, leading to suggestions that in certain cases goats milk may be tolerated differently from cows milk. Most of the current evidence, however, appears to refute this claim, with little support for the anecdotal reports. Where any food intolerance is suspected, professional advice should always be obtained to ensure that the diet (especially for children) is well balanced. More research and controlled clinical trials are needed to clarify some of the issues raised.
Food taste preferences and cultural influences on consumption
Authors: Tiu Wright Len , Nancarrow Clive , Kwok Pamela M.H.
Published: April 2007

Examines the influence of culture on food taste preferences and the implications for consumer research. The authors explore the roots of certain national and sub‐cultural food taste preferences and consumption. Examples are drawn from the work of Pierre Bourdieu in particular, in demonstrating how taste is in some respects an expression of cultural capital. Postmodernist interpretations of the fragmentation in taste preferences are also described. This exploration of the deeper layers of our food taste preferences based on cultural setting should alert food marketers to both marketing and marketing research issues and opportunities.
Creating value through brands: the ZESPRITM kiwi fruit case
Authors: Beverland Michael
Published: April 2007

Agricultural products are generally characterised by their commodity status. After years of poor returns, the New Zealand kiwi fruit industry developed the ZESPRITM branding program in an attempt to position New Zealand kiwi fruit as an upmarket fruit category that appealed to today’s consumers. The brand has recently been released in New Zealand. This research assesses the effectiveness of ZESPRI’s strategy and explores the implications for branded fruit produce in general. The level of brand awareness of ZESPRI was found to be low among consumers, however brand awareness could be increased through a relationship marketing program involving targeted marketing and supply‐chain management.
Kellogg’s – internationalisation versus globalisation of the marketing mix
Authors: Vignali Claudio
Published: April 2007

Analyses the four main components of Kellogg’s marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion) and assesses the extent to which Kellogg’s has globalised or internationalised its approach in these areas. Increased competition in existing markets meant that Kellogg’s needed to look towards new markets and new products.
The European retail grocery market overview
Authors: Perkins Ben
Published: April 2007

Reviews the state of the retail grocery market in Europe in 2001. Comments that although the food retailing sector is falling as a percentage of overall retail sales across Europe, this is because of greater amounts of disposable income being spent on non‐essential services and goods. Reflects on previous assertions that the arrival of Wal‐Mart in Europe would begin a wave of consolidation. Goes on to discuss the mergers that have taken place recently and also the other types of joint ventures and alliances that have emerged. Views Wal‐Mart as a potential predator in the major European markets, but also discusses the successes of other chains such as Carrefour, Ahold and Metro.
High‐throughput plant genomics
Authors: Carpita Nick
Published: April 2007

A meeting report on the Keystone Symposium “Systems Approach to Plant Biology”, Big Sky, Montana, 26‐31 January, 2001. This symposium, sponsored by several plant biotech companies, brought together both industrial and academic researchers to plot bolder strategies for high‐throughput plant biological research. Broad‐ranging discussions covered historical discoveries, recent developments and exciting new trends that are emerging in this highly dynamic field. Participants from around the world appeared to be energized by the exciting possibilities for determining and, ultimately, controlling metabolic pathways and processes while recognizing that there is still much to do in order to understand the biological systems of all known genes.
Prospects for Western Food Companies in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Jonscher Charles , Summerfield Ashley
Published: April 2007

Most food‐processing companies in the Western world which have
international operations are considering the prospects for business
development in Central and Eastern Europe, as previously established
markets in the West stagnate or decline. The addition of 300 million
people to the community of countries operating under Western market
economy principles, following the political upheaval in the region in
1989, has been an important factor in this development. Considers the
scope of opportunities in the new Europe; the opening up of new markets;
new, if at present limited, spending power. Discusses market entry
(costs are comparatively low) and further investment; acquisitions and
joint ventures; issues to be addressed by any firm contemplating this
market; and post‐entry issues. Concludes that Central and Eastern Europe
can provide an attractive and enduring route for corporate grant.
Food Safety in Danish Pigmeat – Chemical Aspects
Authors: Wheelock Verner
Published: April 2007

The pig industry plays a major role in the economy of Denmark. A large
proportion of the production is exported to markets in the United
Kingdom, Germany, France, USA and Japan. Considerable resources are
devoted to maintaining high standards of food safety. Describes and
explains the legislation, procedures and surveillance which have been
devised to ensure that the presence of chemical residues is kept to a
minimum.
Changing Vocabularies of Taste, 1967‐92:
Authors: Warde Alan
Published: April 2007

Summarizes the findings of a systematic comparison of articles about
food and its preparation in popular British women′s magazines in 1967‐68
and 1991‐92. The texts were subjected to a rudimentary content analysis
and have been interpreted in terms of a series of four antinomies which
are used to recommend recipes to readers. Outlines some trends in
discursive practices in the field of food. Analyses these in terms of
rationalization, the routinization of the exotic, the ideology of
personal choice and the institutionalization of anxiety.
Social research into cream – a “tool kit”
approach
Authors: Davison Charlie
Published: April 2007

Describes a “tool kit” approach to applied social
research into food and nutritional issues. Briefly describes the main
differences between qualitative and quantitative research styles in
terms of outlook and methods. Using the example of research into cream
and its consumption in the context of health promotion, argues that
different research methods and styles are appropriate to different
issues and the type of findings required. Illustrates a distinction
between findings about structure and findings about process. Concludes
that an open‐minded approach and a pragmatic view of research methods as
a potential range of options (a “tool kit”) are desirable in
applied research settings.
Wine and health: red wine in a balanced, healthy diet
Authors: Boucheron Philippe
Published: April 2007

Describes and discusses some of the recent evidence which indicates
that regular consumption of a moderate amount of red wine as part of a
Mediterranean style diet reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease
and increases longevity.
What′s your poison?
Authors: Straughan Roger
Published: April 2007

Examines various problems concerning the practical implementation
of the principle of free choice. These are exemplified in a specific
everyday context – the consumer′s freedom to choose food and drink
products. Identifies a number of actual constraints on that freedom
before the main question is tackled: what further restrictions might be
considered justifiable and desirable? Suggests three categories of
factor which might justify such restrictions – psychological
factors associated with the maximizing of freedom of choice; safety
factors concerned with the minimizing of risk; and ethical/social
factors involving such issues as animal welfare and socio‐economic
needs. Concludes that certain restrictions on the consumer′s freedom of
choice may at times be justified by an appeal to other principles and
considerations.
Creating champions
Authors: Piasecka Alison
Published: April 2007

Argues that attempting to drive through change with little regard for employees’ emotional responses is futile. There is an important role for coaching in change management. The attention it affords individuals can greatly strengthen their relationship with the organization and overcome barriers to issues such as change.
Leadership challenge at Sage
Authors: Douglas M.
Published: April 2007

How does a company, which is undergoing radical change, integrate new businesses and bond its style and culture? After 21 years of rapid expansion and technological innovation, a leading software giant wanted to address the needs of leadership in the shape‐shifting terrain of global growth. Crucial to bonding together the highly prized family values and culture within a global operation; company managers needed leadership tools for the fresh challenges. Highlights the leadership initiative that has helped the company to manage rapid change and provide the skills and tools that would support culture change.
A performance‐centred approach to people development
Authors: Green Phil , Sleight Mike
Published: April 2007

People opt for training to solve problems. Performance factors include tools and equipment, and organisational structure. Man’s progress in society has been shaped by a succession of important utilities: water, gas, electricity and the telephone, followed by an innovative range of practical appliances. Now, we are on the threshold of the information utility. With the Internet it was possible to create a World Wide Web. We are moving inexorably from headheld to handheld information, and to a new concept that has attracted the soubriquet “m‐learning” or “m‐support”. A new age is upon us: the age of the handheld device. By holding information, learning and performance support in the palm of your hand and retrieving it efficiently, you no longer need to recall many facts, just learn to learn, access and apply knowledge.
Selling peak performance
Authors: Douglas Mica
Published: April 2007

A sales force recently achieved extraordinary results – first doubling then quadrupling their sales figures after a training initiative that generated personal and commercial breakthroughs. The participants all work for the international waste management company, SITA. The company decided to revitalize the skills of sales staff with further training and were astonished by unfolding events and the impact on business. This article highlights the training initiative that made such a difference to the company and looks at the methodology that released the potential of the sales teams.
The twenty‐first century business frontier
Authors: Little Bob
Published: April 2007

The latter part of the twentieth century saw the transition from a sales‐oriented environment to a marketing‐oriented one. At the beginning of the twenty‐first century this is particularly developing in the direction of “customer focus”. Consequently, the key to achieving business success in the twenty‐first century is continual research, not only into customer satisfaction, but also into internal customer – employee – satisfaction. Success in the twenty‐first century will be judged on the quality and longevity of supplier‐customer relationships. With companies facing increasing economic pressure, customer and employee surveys can prove an invaluable barometer of the health of an organisation. And regular “temperature‐taking” will ensure that any fluctuations are proactively handled to maintain the perfect climate for cultivating customer loyalty in all economic situations.
Compliance: a convincing case for learning management systems
Authors: Little Bob
Published: April 2007

Purpose

To illustrate the value of using a learning management system to streamline training administration tasks and, especially, to provide evidence of compliance for the authorities in regulated industries.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach to this topic is via interviews with experts. Officials from five US‐based organisations – four health‐care and one pharmaceutical organisation – explain the value of a learning management system to their particular organisation. They also outline the additional benefits that they have experienced – such as medical staff being able to spend more time with patients. There are also comments from an industry analyst specialising in learning management systems.

Findings

Learning management systems not only enable training to be standardised and co‐ordinated within the largest and most fragmented organisations but also provide accurate records of learning and competence – which are vital in highly regulated industries.

Practical implications

These are that every organisation in a “regulated” industry – especially those in the health‐care sector – should use an enterprise‐wide learning management system to improve the efficiency of their staff training and development. Moreover, they should use the user‐monitoring and record‐keeping functions of the learning management system to keep automated, up‐to‐date records of knowledge, skills and competencies for that industry's regulatory bodies.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates – albeit anecdotally – the value of a learning management system, not just for the training function but also in operational terms. As such, it should be of interest not only to training and HR professionals but also to those responsible for organisational strategy, planning and operation.
The Pygmalion effect
Authors: Loftus Paul
Published: April 2007

Aims to answer the questions: What is the Pygmalion effect? How can
it be used to advance careers? How can the negative effect be broken?
Uses Rosenthal′s four‐factor theory to provide some answers to those
questions.
A guide to the learning organization
Authors: Pedler Mike
Published: April 2007

What is the learning organization? Why is it important? Learning is
often seen as an individual level activity but organizational learning
is concerned with collective learning processes. The second half is an
annotated bibliography of key books in the field.
Managing and changing mistrustful cultures
Authors: Swe Viviana , Kleiner Brian H.
Published: April 2007

Corporate culture is essential to the success of any organization. Because employees will ultimately determine the productivity and profitability of the company, the corporate culture has to focus on employees’ participation and identification with the company’s goals. Leaders and management have to constantly adapt not only to economic variables such as profit and marketplace changes, but also to diversity and changes in values. During the last 20 years the American corporation has been vulnerable to foreign competition, government regulations and changes in the values of the population in general. This paper looks into a brief history of corporate culture concept evolution. It explains the importance of the organization’s recruitment of individuals that match with the values of the corporation. Finally, it gives examples of some companies that, when challenged, turned around, changed their corporate values and succeeded in their efforts. It also presents companies that are now in a transition period of restructuring the organization and changing its values. Their success depends on strong leaders that must transmit the new values to the employees who in turn will carry out the new corporate culture.
Information drought in research: an Indian perspective
Authors: Jeevan V.K.J.
Published: April 2007

The journal subscription data of the Central Library (CL) at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur during 1995‐97 is analysed to assess the prevalent information drought experienced by researchers in less developed countries. The rationale of the study, some of the myths about electronic alternatives over print media, etc. are explained. A study conducted in 1995 at the CL by gathering subscription details from other IITs to explore the options of resource sharing is extracted to present the duplication rates of costly journals. Quantification of research publications from the IIT, Kaharagpur and India are also attempted using electronic databases like CCOD and INSPEC. The budgeting pattern of CL is presented from the IIT’s Annual Report. Some possible suggestions to get over the information drought are also explored.
US academic librarians: their involvement in union activities
Authors: Garcha Rajinder , Phillips John C.
Published: April 2007

This study was conducted to learn about the involvement of US academic librarians in local as well as national faculty union activities; their reasons for joining unions; and the benefits they have gained because of their memberships in their unions. It was concluded that librarians who were members of unions generally earned higher salaries than those who were not. Since librarians had on several occasions worked closely with the teaching faculty on various union activities, several close bonds and relationships among them had occurred. Moreover, librarians viewed union membership as a vehicle to become more involved in decision‐making processes at their institutions.
New information management opportunities in a changing world
Authors: Breen Charlotte , Farragher Ailish , McQuaid Mairead , Callanan Michelle , Burke Mary A.
Published: April 2007

Evaluates gap between traditional library and LIS and needs of the IT workplace. Includes literature review of characteristics which knowledge and information managers need in the private sector. Three surveys were carried out via questionnaires and compared with literature review. Surveys were of business needs, LIS courses content, and experience of LIS graduates. Results suggest that while LIS graduates are being equipped with the necessary skills, the view of “the librarian” is impeding entry of LIS graduates into the knowledge management employment sector. Graduates with LIS skills need to market themselves more effectively in the IT workplace.
Research on family reading: an international perspective
Authors: Train Briony
Published: April 2007

Purpose

This paper presents a summary of international research in the field of family reading, a subject which refers both to the development of the literacy skills of family members, and to their shared process of reading.

Design/methodology/approach

It begins by defining the key terms in family reading, then introduces the research methods employed in research in this area.

Findings

Research specifically focusing on parents is presented, with particular reference to young parents and fathers in prison. The issue of intergenerational reading is also introduced, whereby (in this instance) the young and the elderly share experiences via reading. The final theme of the paper is that of families sharing reading for pleasure, and public reading events for families are described. The paper concludes with a series of barriers to family reading, and a suggested model of effective family reading, for families and communities in any country.

Research limitations/implications

In a paper of this scale and length, it is impossible to give more than a limited perspective of international research on family reading, yet the author believes that sufficient examples are given – and the research methods sufficiently globally applicable – for the paper to be of theoretical and practical value to public and school librarians, and academics.

Originality/value

The paper collates and reflects on examples of international research and practice, whilst providing a solid framework of research methods in the area of family reading.
Courtship and Competition on Campus: The Convergence of
University Libraries and Computing Centres
Authors: Bebbington Laurence , Cronin Blaise
Published: April 2007

The arguments in favour of the merger of university libraries with
computer centres are considered. The research, institutional and
information environments and their trends, which lead to such mergers,
are discussed. The published literature and progress to date are
reviewed, revealing that North American universities have progressed
much further in this field than have universities in the United Kingdom.
The oath of management
Authors: Emiliani M.L.
Published: April 2007

Compares the management profession with the medical profession, in particular examining the Hippocratic oath. Suggests that as managers are the physicians of business, they should also abide by an oath, which is then proposed by the author.
Reprint of the first issue of Program in 1966
Authors: Kimber Richard T.
Published: April 2007

Purpose ‐ The purpose of this piece is to provide a snapshot of the first issue of Program. Design/methodology/approach ‐ This is a reproduction of a historical document, the first issue of the news sheet. Findings ‐ Program was published to assist librarians in learning what was possible in the field of computing use in libraries and to provide a forum for discussion of the problems involved. Originality/value ‐ The piece provides a useful historical document.
Conference review: nutrition and health in younger women
Authors: Stanner Sara
Published: April 2007

A recent national survey raised concern about the diets and lifestyle habits of young women. Whilst nutrient intakes among the younger groups were generally adequate, some girls aged 15‐18 years had low intakes of many nutrients including vitamin A, folate, zinc, iron and calcium and low vitamin D status and ferritin levels. Of girls of this age, 16 per cent were dieting to lose weight and energy intake was low in relation to the estimated average requirement. Moreover, 69 per cent were not meeting the Health Education Authority recommendation for moderate activity levels. In response to these findings the British Nutrition Foundation held a one‐day conference to discuss current nutrition and lifestyle issues for younger women.
Effect of fortification on the compositional and sensory attributes of cowpea‐amala
Authors: Ashay O.A. , Fasoyiro S.B. , Lawal R.O.
Published: April 2007

Cowpea‐amala was produced from yam flour and cowpea flour blends. Cowpea flour substitution was at 0, 10 per cent, 20 per cent and 40 per cent. All fortified samples showed better nutrient composition than the control. The protein (7.28 per cent), ash (3.58 per cent), Na (0.08 per cent), K (0.89 per cent), Zn (0.0025 per cent) Ca (0.11 per cent) and Mg (0.008 per cent) of cowpea flour substitution at 40 per cent was highest. Amala prepared from these blends was not significantly different in taste, flavour and texture from the control. Higher scores were given with regards to colour and general acceptability in all amala samples. Also none of the samples were rejected.
Consumption pattern of fruits in Mauritius
Authors: Subratty A.H. , Jowaheer V.
Published: April 2007

This article focuses on the assessment of dietary intake and possible factors limiting the pattern of consumption of fresh fruits in Mauritius. Mauritius is a rapidly developing country with an increasing rise in mortality due to coronary heart diseases and cancer. Fruits like apples, pears, oranges, bananas, grapes, kiwi and papaya were found to be mostly consumed by the respondents. This article also discusses factors such as age and sex as well as education and income that were found to be important determinants for the consumption of fruits.
The effect of education and obesity on attitudes towards fads related to weight reduction among Arab women in Qatar
Authors: Musaiger Abdulrahman O. , Shahbeek Nora E.
Published: April 2007

A sample of 535 Arab women in Qatar (an Arab Gulf country) was interviewed to obtain their attitudes towards eight fads related to weight reduction, and the effect of educational level and obesity on these attitudes. In general 20 per cent to 54 per cent of women believed in these fads and 50.6 per cent to 45.1 per cent did not know whether or not these fads are correct. The education level of women has a significant effect on the belief of the attitude statements. Highly educated women were more likely to disagree on the attitudes related to weight reduction than low and middle education women. Obese women were more likely to believe in these fads than overweight and non‐obese women. Health education programmes should focus on correcting several fads related to weight reduction as a part of any programme to prevent and control obesity in the Arab community.
Osteoporosis: A Multifactorial Disease
Authors: Webster Kathryn
Published: April 2007

Examines the current understanding of the causes of osteoporosis, which
include genetic factors, gender, age, inadequate consumption of calcium,
inadequate exposure to ultraviolet light coupled with inadequate
consumption of Vitamin D, lack of exercise, hormonal deficiency, smoking
and alcohol and caffeine consumption. There is a complex
interrelationship between all these factors which results in a low peak
bone mass prior to the onset of the menopause. An accelerated rate of
loss of bone at this stage results in fragile bones in many women who
become susceptible to fractures of the pelvis, vertebrae and distal
forearm. An examination of the diet of the UK population indicates that,
although the current consumption of calcium and Vitamin D appears to be
adequate to prevent deficiency diseases, there are substantial
subsections of the population whose diet or lifestyle indicate a major
risk of developing osteoporosis in later life. In view of these factors
it would be prudent to encourage children and young people to develop
the habit of taking enjoyable exercise to continue through life, and
that older women might consider a combination of HRT, exercise and a
diet higher in calcium and Vitamin D than currently recommended.
Nutrition and Health Issues: Expert Opinion – in Harmony or
Disagreement?
Authors: Kipps Michael , Eves Anita , Noble Carol , Noble Alex
Published: April 2007

The media often portrays nutritional opinions to be in disagreement in
relation to the links between diet and health. As part of a larger
sponsored study, the authors had the opportunity to question, in a
structured way, leading experts in the field of nutrition and health.
Gives an analysis of the results, which revealed that experts were
largely in agreement over the basic issues, with only peripheral areas
showing a measure of controversy.
Food and Nutrition Update: Nutritional Perspectives for the Quality Diet
Authors: Davies Jill , Coultate Tom , Sumar Sam
Published: April 2007

Emphasizes the importance of dietary intake in relation to nutritional
status and health. Highlights sources of nutritional information. Issues
discussed include: health foods; dietary supplements; natural extracts;
probiotic foods; neutriceuticals; healthy image foods; individual
nutrients; food groups and food mixtures. The key message is that foods
can be grouped and sensible meal planning based around this. Mentions
difficulty of translation of nutritional facts, but gives down‐to‐earth
solutions. Recommends supermarket leaflets.
Helicobacter pylori and its role in peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Griffiths Anthony E. , Walker Marjorie M.
Published: April 2007

The majority of peptic ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and it is now clear that eradication of H. pylori dramatically reduces ulcer recurrence. Other important outcomes of H. pylori infection include chronic gastritis (which may be asymptomatic), gastric cancer and lymphoma. Aims to give a brief overview of the discovery, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori associated disease.
Recalled preference of Spanish consumers for smoked food
Authors: Bárcenas Pedro , Pérez‐Elortondo Francisco J. , Salmerón Jesús , Albisu Marta
Published: April 2007

The aim of the present study was to reveal if sensory properties of smoked food could be considered as decisive in the determination of one product’s preference over another. In addition to this, this work tries to clarify whether the flavour obtained in commercial smoked products was noticed and clearly recognized. This study consisted of two parts; first, a preference testing without physical products (recalled preference) presented using a nine‐point hedonic scale, and second, a difference testing with selected products using the triangular test. Consumers showed a preference for non‐smoked products, particularly for cheese, sausages and chips. The first preference dimension of the internal preference mapping (MDPREF) analysis accounted for 74.6 per cent of total variation indicating overall agreement about likings relating these products, with cheese being the most acceptable overall. Analyzing triangular test results it may be concluded that other factors but sensory ones must be defining consumer representations of smoked food, without a correspondence with its real organoleptic properties.
Colour and appearance of chilled mousse: a factorial study of ingredient and processing effects
Authors: Imram Nazlin
Published: April 2007

Investigates the effects of ingredients and processing procedure on colour and appearance properties of chilled dairy dessert products, namely mousse. Chilled mousse products were formulated via a factorial design involving several ingredients and processing factors. Sixteen formulated dairy dessert mousses were presented to a trained sensory panel. A screening experiment was carried via a fractional factorial design involving eight factors at two levels. The effects were examined by means of graphical half normal plots using the software Design Ease (Stat‐Ease Inc., USA). Five factors were identified as being the more significant factors which were cream level (CRE), mix time (MIX), blue (BLU), yellow (YEL) and red (RED) colouring agent levels. A further full factorial formulation design was carried out involving four factors: CRE, MIX, BLU, RYR (ratio of red to yellow additive) in a series of sensory perception experiments. Results verified by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that it was the level of cream and colouring agents that were the most significant factors (p<0.001) affecting colour and appearance aspects of chilled mousse.
Advancements of tribological performance of carbon brushes in electrical motors
Authors: Groth K. , Heidenfelder F. , Holinski R.
Published: April 2007

In electrical motors electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy or vice versa. Electrical energy has to be transferred from a stationary component into a moving one, which is done by a copper commutator in sliding contact with carbon brushes. Wear occurs at surfaces of both components during dry sliding. To reduce friction and wear rate, solid lubricants are added to the carbon brush compositions. It was observed that, during sliding, a solid lubricant film is formed on the surface of the copper commutator. This transfer film has a limited life. After failure of the layer a new film is formed from the reservoir of the carbon brushes. Various solid lubricants in carbon brushes were tested. It was found that certain solids form very thin layers with good adhesion on commutator surfaces, which improves tribological performance of both moving components. In particular, wear rate, friction and noise are reduced significantly. This resulted in much longer service life of electrical motors for automotive applications.
Protective effect of commercial oil fortifier in fully‐formulated crankcase oils
Authors: Kaleli Hakan
Published: April 2007

Commercial oil fortifier was added to fully‐formulated crankcase oils, and their performance, in terms of friction, wear and, most importantly, the role of the additive protective layer on the sliding surfaces, was investigated. Tests were performed on a pin‐on‐disc machine using steel and steel sliding partners under boundary lubrication conditions. Tests were carried out at a constant load and velocity at different temperatures with different lubricants and the results were achieved using analytical methods such as light microscopy, electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Related to the experimental work, lubricants and the lubricants containing oil fortifier presented satisfactory protective additive layers which were identified on the wear track at high and low temperatures.
A study of sample withdrawal for lubricated systems. Part 1: influence of flow characteristics, sampling techniques and locations
Authors: Berg Sven
Published: April 2007

The wear of a machine element, whether it is due to fatigue or abrasive wear, will add contaminants in the form of particulates to the system. If a machine element is starting to wear out it will produce a large amount of particles and it will finally break down. Since this can be very costly, one can establish the need to monitor the system so that one can foresee failure. There are many different ways to monitor a system, e.g. measurements of the temperature, pressure, vibrations and the degree of contamination. The purpose of contamination control is to extend the life of a component and thereby save money. When monitoring a system it is very important that the monitoring control instrument should give the right output. One important factor in achieving this is the withdrawal of a representative oil sample. In this paper an investigation of where and how to take a representative sample is performed using Stokes’ law and the migration of spheres in a channel. A generalised sedimentation chart for different oils and particles is introduced. Sampling routines for proper sample withdrawal are also presented.
EC Dangerous Preparations Directive – application to metalworking fluids and ingredients
Authors: Eastwood John
Published: April 2007

In July 2002 a new EC Preparations Directive came into force requiring suppliers of preparations to consider the environmental impact of their preparations. The environmental assessment can be made through consideration of the individual substances used in the preparation. A review of additives used in the formulation of metalworking fluids has highlighted that there are a number of substances that give cause for concern, especially surfactants or basefluids that are derivatives of C12‐15 or C13‐15 alcohols, such as ethoxylates, propoxylates and EO/PO copolymers. Some reformulation may be required in order to prevent preparations being classified either as; dangerous for the environment; or as very toxic/toxic/harmful to aquatic organisms; or as may cause long‐term adverse effects in the environment. The new directive will require suppliers of preparations to make available material safety data sheets for preparations classified as dangerous for the environment or for preparations containing at least one dangerous substance at a concentration of = >1 per cent. The new directive will also require suppliers to use new packaging labels for; preparations classified as dangerous for the environment; preparations containing at least one dangerous substance at a concentration of =>1 per cent; and for preparations containing =>0.1 per cent of a substance classified as a sensitiser.
BASF detergent additives for fuels and lubricants
Authors: Wilson Bill
Published: April 2007

Describes highly reactive polyisobutene production and use as an additive in automotive fuels and in a wide range of lubricants. Lists polyisobutene manufacturers and their productive capacities.
Young People Mentoring
Authors: Berkeley J.P.
Published: April 2007

Against a background of increasing recognition of young people′s needs
for guidance and advice in their learning choices, highlights the
principal challenges facing employers today, and discusses the various
approaches which need to be reconciled. Suggests a number of actions
needed to implement mentoring as an integral part of an effective
outcomes‐referenced system. Explores the possible roles and
responsibilities of mentors in such a system and argues that the
suitability of mentors should be of paramount concern for those planning
to introduce mentoring for young people.
An Adult Higher Education
Authors: McNair Stephen
Published: April 2007

Since 1990 mature learners have been in a majority in British higher
education. Reports on a recent policy paper from NIACE which explores
the implications of this, proposing a set of principles on which the new
“adult higher education” should be based. Higher education should be
reconceived as a kind of learning not of institution, and that it should
be lifelong, learner‐centred, achievement‐led, economically proactive,
explicit and diverse. Also defines a set of three frameworks – for
learner support, curriculum and credit – around which it might be built.
Also reports on the results of the Institute′s national consultation
about the paper.
Theory, training and technology: part II
Authors: Wood David
Published: April 2007

Part I reviewed the major theories of learning and instruction which have influenced the design of recent computer‐based systems to support education and training. Part II outlines the systems developed on the basis of these theories. Successful systems are limited currently to classes of learning task which are well structured. Argues that less well‐structured tasks demand a different approach to training and are best served by technology designed to support collaborative learning in small groups. Outlines some practical limits on the creation and exploitation of technology. Discusses implications for future developments of technological aids to training and training research.
Continuous observation work sampling and its verification
Authors: Ho Cheng‐pin , Pape Elinor S.
Published: April 2007

Work sampling focuses mainly on determining the proportion of times for a specified category within a predetermined tolerance at a specified statistical risk. Conventional practices are based on numerous snap (instantaneous) observations taken randomly. This study employs the extensively used method of “production study” or so‐called continuous observation work sampling (COWS). Data from continuous observation of activity are used to make point estimates of the average time spent in each category and also the proportion of time occupied by a specified category. This study concentrates mainly on determining and verifying the interval estimates that derived from two different process assumptions, alternating Poisson process (APP) and alternating unspecified process (AUP), for a proportion when using COWS. Simulation results indicate that the confidence interval formulae derived for AUP assumptions are robust if the sample sizes for both modes exceed 100. Although the exact formulae are derived from APP, poor results yield if the true process deviated from APP.
Visual perception theories and communicating construction industry concepts
Authors: Moore David R.
Published: April 2007

The paper examines the main theories of visual perception in the context of their possible relevance to the communication of construction industry concepts related to the process of production. This context is suggested as being primarily concerned with stationary, as opposed to mobile, visual stimuli. It is therefore concluded that the ecological theory of perception is of little relevance to this work. The theories of physiological and psychological perception present areas worthy of further research.
A study of the readiness of precasters for just‐in‐time construction
Authors: Sui Pheng Low , Joo Chuan Choong
Published: April 2007

As part of the productivity movement, the Singapore government is this year (2001) legislating for “buildability”. Consequently, all building projects will need to fulfill a minimum buildable score before their development and building plans can be approved. Achievement of higher buildable scores can be attained by greater use of prefabrication technology. The Building and Construction Authority is attempting to promote the just‐in‐time (JIT) philosophy for managing precast concrete components. Components are expected to be manufactured and delivered just in time for installation and erection on site. By means of a survey, this paper examines the readiness of precasters in Singapore to adopt the JIT philosophy in producing and delivering precast concrete components to contractor‐clients.
Teaching the Taguchi method to industrial engineers
Authors: Antony Jiju , Jiju Antony Frenie
Published: April 2007

The Taguchi method (Tm) is a powerful problem solving technique for improving process performance, yield and productivity. It reduces scrap rates, rework costs and manufacturing costs due to excessive variability in processes. However, its application by industrial engineers in the UK is limited, in part due to the inadequate statistical education of engineers. This paper presents a simple experiment which can be used in the classroom to teach engineers the basics of the technique and illustrates simple analytical and graphical tools which promote rapid understanding of the results of the experiment.
Computer‐telephony integration
Authors: Lynch John
Published: April 2007

Computer telephony integration (CTI) is one of the latest buzzwords.
It is natural that the digital signals involved in computers and modern
digital telephone systems should come together for mutual benefit
– even if that benefit is only in sharing the same lines for
economy. However, what is happening is that the opportunities for adding
value to the signals are being recognized. New applications are
possible.
Managing TQM affairs: some lessons
Authors: Mohanty R.P.
Published: April 2007

In this article, I have used my experience of the implementation of
total quality management (TQM) in a number of companies across a range
of industrial sectors to try to clarify the conditions under which TQM
is implemented and to try to identify the reasons for the relative
failure of many TQM programmes. This leads to the establishment of some
guidelines for the successful implementation and practice of TQM as part
of cultural transformation. As a means of illustrating points, I have
chosen to use mini case studies/situations.
A greenfield in black coal
Authors: Waring Peter
Published: April 2007

Studies the introduction of individualised employment relations at the Bengalla Open Cut mining operation in the Hunter Valley coalfields of New South Wales, Australia. Describes and explains the “greenfield” strategy of the managing owner of the mine, the US multinational, the Peabody Group, and the reaction and counter‐strategy of the miners’ union, the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU). Argues that management’s greenfield strategy has provided some immediate benefits to the employer and rendered the CFMEU almost powerless to develop a delegate structure at the mine and bargain collectively with management. Yet the peculiar type of individualism, its justification and the CFMEU’s efforts to maintain a presence at the mine indicate that individualised employment relations may only be a transient phenomenon at the Bengalla mine.
Issues in human resource management in central Europe
Authors: Jankowicz A.D.
Published: April 2007

Provides a number of basic indicators in support of the assertion that, while the general‐management literature on post‐command developments in central and eastern Europe is well established, the corresponding literature in HRM/HRD is probably less well advanced. Highlights the issues identified by each of the contributors, two organising themes being involved. The first asserts the value of mutual knowledge transfer, through which the western academic and practitioner might benefit as much as his/her central European counterpart; the second considers the extent to which personnel managers can make a strategic, as distinct from administrative‐operational, contribution to the organisation in the post‐command economy.