bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
Authors: Finlayson C. Max , Fennessy S. , Grillas P. , Kumar R.
Published: September 2022

This issue of Marine and Freshwater Research celebrates 50 years of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, which was signed in 1971. It contains papers that describe the development of the Convention and its implementation, including the listing of wetlands of international importance and maintenance of their ecological character. The latter is a fundamental issue for wetland management as illustrated in papers that address a range of management issues, including the impact of climate change, and approaches for building awareness about their values, and concludes with a forward view for potentially reframing human–wetland relationships.
Calculation of magnetic forces and torques on the Kibble coil
Authors: Schlamminger Stephan , Keck Lorenz , Seifert Frank , Chao Leon S , Haddad Darine , Li Shisong
Published: September 2022

Analytically the force acting on a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field can be calculated in two ways. First, a line integral can be conducted along the coil’s wire, summing up the differential force contributions. Each contribution results from a cross-product of the corresponding differential line segment with the magnetic flux density at that location. Alternatively, the coil’s energy in the field is given as a product of three factors, the number of turns, the current, and the flux threading the coil. The energy can then be obtained by executing a surface integral over the coil’s open surface using the scalar product of the differential surface element with the magnetic flux density as its integrand. The force on the coil is the negative derivative of the energy with respect to the appropriate coordinate. For yoke-based Kibble balances, the latter method is much simpler since most of the flux is contained in the inner yoke of the magnet and can be written as a simple equation. Here, we use this method to provide simple equations and their results for finding the torques and forces that act on a coil in a yoke-based magnet system. We further introduce a straightforward method that allows the calculation of the position and orientation difference between the coil and the magnet from three measurements.
Analysis and Optimization of Rear Wheel Core of FSC Racing Car Based on ANSYS
Authors: Zhou Jing , Lin Yu , Zhou Zhengzhi
Published: September 2022

In order to ensure the stability of the car, ANSYS software is used by Start Point racing team of Beijing institute of technology Zhuhai to analyze the car driving wheel core, the results show that the core of the rear wheel made of pure aluminum alloy material conform to the requirements of the car to the deformation, also meet the requirements of the material properties of stress, but cannot meet the requirements of the wear and tear, so adding interference fit bushing, can improve its wear resistance.
Dynamic analysis of the effect of mesh tension on the deployment process of loop antenna
Authors: Hu Jianfeng , Shi Tian , duan Hao , Wang Yong
Published: September 2022

In orbit deployment and profile maintenance are the most important functional requirements in the development of loop antenna If the antenna cannot be deployed in orbit, it will lose the signal transmission function, and the profile in orbit holding function is related to whether the antenna can stably transmit electromagnetic signals. The mesh tension (main mesh tension, rear mesh tension and tension arrays tension) is the key means to maintain the profile stability in orbit. At the same time, it is also closely related to the rod load and the maximum motor driving force in the process of antenna deployment. Based on the theory of flexible multi-body dynamics, the dynamic modeling of the deployment process of ten meter loop deployable antenna is established in this paper On this basis, the influence of mesh tension on the deployment dynamics of loop antenna is analyzed by using the control variable method, and its related variation law is obtained. This study can provide guidance for the tension adjustment in the profile adjustment stage of the ring antenna, so as to shorten the development cycle, and can also predict the deployment of the antenna in orbit.
Study on the preparation technology of centrifugal Al-18Si-X composite reinforced with in situ particles
Authors: Lin Xuedong , Liu Changming , Che Linxian , Sun Jian
Published: September 2022

Al-18Si-X (X=Mg, Ti, Ni) composite tubular castings were prepared by centrifugal casting. The microstructure of cylindrical casting of Al-18Si-X composite was observed along the radial direction, and the segregation behavior and distribution characteristics of primary particles formed in different alloys under the action of centrifugal field were studied. The results show that the in situ particles in Al-18Si-7Mg, Al-18Si-7Ti, and Al-18Si-7Ni tubular castings have different segregation behaviors under the action of centrifugal field, which results in the formation of particle reinforcing layers in different regions of the castings. It is found that the volume fraction, size and particle morphology of primary particles in particle reinforcement layer of different castings are different.
Theoretical and experimental research on the coating process of ceramic stereolithography
Authors: Zhang Kexin , Liu Bingshan , Yang Yizhe , Liu Xiaodong , Li Xin , Wang Gong
Published: September 2022

The coating process in ceramic stereolithography is one of the principal sources of inaccuracy in the height dimension. The coating in stereolithography is a layer-by-layer build-up process, so the thickness of one layer coated is influenced by the previous layer and affects the thickness of the next layer. If inconsistent layer thicknesses exist, they will result in the poor quality of the final product. This paper analyzes the coating process of the slurry-separated system based on a simple 2D model and Navier-Stokes equations, presenting the theoretical equations of layer thickness for the commonly used blade types. Given the characteristics of layer-by-layer coating in stereolithography, the theoretical equations should be constantly iterated to obtain the thickness of each layer. This paper discovers the initial blade gap has a significant impact on the layer thicknesses by theoretical analyses. With the verification of experiments, the results shows that the presence of the unreasonable initial blade gap may lead to large fluctuations in layer thicknesses of the first few layers, and the coating in stereolithography is a "self-regulating" process with a tendency to the desired thickness. The larger the desired layer thickness, the worse this "self-regulating ability" is. This paper defines a coefficient of blade gap and proposes that using the coefficient of blade gap to determine a reasonable initial blade gap based on different working conditions can effectively control the consistency of each layer thickness.
Preparation Method for Metallographic Specimen of Iron-Carbon and Silicon-aluminium Alloy
Authors: Zhang Li , Wu Chaohua
Published: September 2022

Abstracts

Metallographic analysis is one of the means of testing and analyzing materials. To conduct metallographic analysis, we must prepare samples that can be used for microscopic observation. It is important to select and prepare representative samples, which is directly related to the correctness of microstructure analysis of metallography apspecimensimen. In this paper, the preparation process of the ferrocarbon alloy metallographic sample was analyzed and studied in detail, and some common defects were pointed out. The preparation process includes sampling, inlaying, polishing, polishing, and corrosion. Then, taking a silicon aluminum alloy (YZAlSi10) as an example, the preparation process is described, and the matters needing attention in the preparation process and the elimination of metallographic defects are analyzed. Finally, the accurate and clear microstructure of the metallographic structure is restored.
Annealing hardening behaviour of cold rolled Al0.5CoNiCu high-entropy alloy
Authors: Xia ChangMing , Bu LePing , Zhou Qi
Published: September 2022

The usually, softening occurs when metals are annealed, while for some special metals or alloys, the abnormal phenomenon of annealing hardening will occur. By means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), metallographic (OM) observation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hardness test, the microstructure and hardness of 79% cold rolled Al0.5CrFeCoNiCu high entropy alloy was studied after isothermal annealing for 1 hour at different temperatures, which revealed the cause of annealing induced hardening of the alloy. The results show that the homogenized high-entropy alloy is a face centered cubic (FCC) biphasic structure with close lattice constant. After annealing at 300-750°C, the microhardness of the alloy is higher than that of the cold rolled alloy (399hv); With the increase of annealing temperature, the hardness increased first and then decreased. After annealing at 500 °C for 1 hour, the hardness reached the peak (489hv). XRD phase analysis shows that the alloy will precipitate body centered cubic (BCC) phase when annealed at 500-950°C and precipitate σ phase when annealed at 700-850 °C; In addition, when annealed at 650°C and above, the dislocation recovery speed in FCC phase is accelerated and recrystallization will occur, resulting in rapid softening of the alloy. TEM observation showed that there were L12 nano-precipitates with ordered structure in the FCC phase of the matrix. Therefore, the reason for the hardness peak of the alloy annealed at 500°C is the joint action of dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening (L12 and BCC phases).
Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mn-Cu based damping alloy fabricated by laser melting deposition
Authors: Liu Yantao , Liang Bo , Ye Zhanggen , Zhang Yongzhong
Published: September 2022

The M2052 (Mn-20Cu-5Ni-2Fe, at%) damping alloy specimen was prepared by laser melting deposition (LMD). And we studied the mechanical properties and microstructure of M2052 alloy. Columnar dendrite penetrating multiple cladding layers appeared in the as-deposited sample, and the size of dendrite tends to coarsen with the increase of laser power. Microsegregation and martensitic transformation occurs in the as-deposited M2052 alloy. The tensile strength of samples in different directions under the same process, and in the same direction under different processes is all exceeds 500 MPa. The fracture surfaces exhibit intergranular fracture model. This work shows great potential for fabricating Mn-Cu based damping alloy by LMD technology.
Bi-modally grained Ti-based alloys fabricated by semi-solid sintering based on the hypoeutectic transformation
Authors: Kang Limei , Qiu Yangfa , Huang Yongqiang , Pang Xing
Published: September 2022

We present a fundamentally different approach to process the bimodal Ti-based alloy (Ti-Nb-Fe-Co-Al) by semi-solid sintering stemmed from hypoeutectic reaction, aiming at achieving ultrafine eutectic structure, β-Ti and micron-sized dispersed phase with strengthening effect. As expected, the microstructure of the processed Ti-Nb-Fe-Co-Al alloy contains local ultrafine eutectic structure (β-Ti and TiFe), residual equiaxed β-Ti and micron-sized dispersed phase Ti2Co. This alloy possesses excellent properties, the yield strength is 1620MPa and large plastic strain is 20%, superior to those of the previous fully eutectic alloy by casting. The novel idea is helpful to fabricate high-performance alloys and metals, which belonging to high temperature alloy systems.
Design and implementation of an analog signal isolation conditioning circuit
Authors: Ling Yunzhi
Published: September 2022

In control systems, external analog signals need to be converted into digital signals. When sampling external input analog signals, such as voltage or current, it is necessary to process the small analog signal amplification or large signal reduction to the digital signal that can be sampled normally by the ADC; at the same time, the complexity of the external environment will affect the accuracy of sampling, and the input and output isolation processing needs to be carried out. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of low sampling accuracy of analog signal ADC in complex environment, this paper proposes an analog signal isolation conditioning circuit, which can filter out the high-frequency noise in the input signal without affecting the rapid sampling of the ADC, and use two-stage operation amplification to perform gain and zero compensation processing, so that the conditioned signal has high accuracy, good linearity, and strong anti-interference ability, which meets the design requirements. Through functional and stress tests, the functional correctness and performance stability of the analog signal isolation conditioning circuit proposed in this paper are verified.
Flexible Interdigital Sensor for Nondestructive Detecting Wear and Thickness of Tire Tread
Authors: Wang Kai , Li Chongbing , Jiang Hongxu , Zhao Weiwei
Published: September 2022

A novel type of interdigital sensor that has been introduced in this paper can non-destructively detect the thickness of insulating materials, e.g. tire. The sensor was manufactured by jet printing technology with high efficiency. The function of the developed sensor is based on the hindering effect on the transmission of electromagnetic signals. The thickness of the insulating materials can be therefore obtained by monitoring the degree of signal reflection through transmission. For optimization, sensors made with three recipes have been experimentally tested. It is concluded that the sensor with double layers’ structure possesses the optimal performances. Practically, the application of the developed sensor in detecting the wear of tire tread has been carried out.
Lightweight design of hub under three working conditions based on Topological optimization
Authors: Zhang TongShuai , Chen XiuSheng , Zhang LiangZheng , Song JiuLing , Sun WenXue
Published: September 2022

SpaceClaim was used to parameterize the main dimensions of 6.50R16 trailer hub model. The sensitivity diagram of hub parameters was obtained based on Central Composite Design (CCD) algorithm, and the stress area of hub was screened out. Using transient mechanical fatigue analysis was carried out on the wheel under the condition of impact load on the S-N fatigue curve obtained hub fatigue failure area, through Admass STEP function wheel movement geometry curve under impact load is determined, according to the result of wheel hub parameter sensitive figure, fatigue analysis and topology wheel movement curve area under impact load, The shape of the hub model was optimized based on topology optimization, and the new hub model was constructed by SpaceClaim geometric post-processing. After topology optimization, the hub quality is reduced to 16%
Improvement of Contact Stress Distribution Between Work Roll and Backup Roll of a Hot Strip Mill
Authors: Dong Qiang , He Yi , Wang Zhongxue , Wen Xiong , Sun Lirong , Li Zhaoyang
Published: September 2022

Contact state between work roll and backup roll has significant influnce on surface fatigue and strip steel shape. In this work, the contact behaviours between work roll and backup roll of a hot strip mill were investigated. The contact stress distributions along the axial and radial direction were calculated. The effect of uneven contact stress distribution on strip steel profile was analysed. The risk of roll fatigue caused by contact stress concentration was pointed out. In order to improve the contact stress distribution, a design method of the backup roll profile was proposed. Both finite element calculation and industrial test have been carried out and showed that the new profile was excellent in reducing the peaks of the contact stress, homogenizing backup roll wear and improving strip profile.
Research on STATCOM control strategy of Cascaded H-bridge considering unbalanced conditions
Authors: Wen Ning , Sun Hui , Zhang Zhi Cheng , Dai Jin Tao
Published: September 2022

STATCOM, a star cascade H bridge, usually uses zero-sequence voltage injection to achieve inter-phase DC voltage balance. Different from negative sequence current injection, the phase-to-phase DC voltage balance control based on zero sequence voltage injection does not generate zero sequence current in three-phase and three-wire systems, which is beneficial to the power quality of the system. In the traditional control algorithm, the zero sequence voltage is calculated by the unbalanced active power and current. The control algorithm contains a large number of complex operations and matrix operations, which need to consume a lot of controller resources and is not conducive to system design and expansion. Moreover, in order to improve the dynamic performance under voltage imbalance, the positive and negative sequence separation is introduced into the feedforward control to increase the complexity of the control algorithm. In order to simplify the control algorithm, a PI regulator is proposed to linearly adjust the DC component of zero sequence voltage in DQ coordinate system. At the same time, through theoretical analysis, it is found that the zero-sequence voltage in feedforward control is equal to the zero-sequence voltage in power grid, so the positive and negative sequence separation can be removed, further simplifying the algorithm.
Modeling and Analysis of Dual Motor Precision Transmission Mechanism
Authors: Zheng Jieji , Tan Ruoyu , Yu Bin , Fan Dapeng , Xie Xin
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the difficulty of fine modeling of dual-motor precision transmission mechanism, the modeling of friction and clearance of the system is studied. Firstly, the structure of the double-motor precision transmission mechanism is introduced, the system is simplified to a three-mass system, and a linear model of the system is established. On this basis, the improved stribeck model is used to describe the friction nonlinearity inside the two-way transmission chain and the large ring gear, and the dead zone model is used to describe the gap nonlinearity between the pinion and the large ring gear, thus forming a complete dual-motor precision transmission mechanism. kinetic model. An experimental device was built, and different excitation signals were used to verify the accuracy of the model. The experimental results show that the Pearson correlation coefficient between the established dynamic model and the actual system is >99% under various excitation signals, which shows the accuracy of the modeling method.
A Fully Geometric Approach for Inverse Kinematics of a Six-Degree-of-Freedom Robot Arm
Authors: Zhang Hongsheng , Xia Qianjin , Sun Jinchao , Zhao Qingjuan
Published: September 2022

This paper presents an analytical solution to inverse kinematics problem of a 6-DOF robot arm based on geometric method. The solution only utilizes relations between vectors in frames attached in the robot arm. Experiments with the solution are conducted to test the approach and results show that the correctness and accuracy of the solution are verified.
Hazardous air pollutants in transmission pipeline natural gas: an analytic assessment
Authors: Nordgaard Curtis L , Jaeger Jessie M , Goldman Jackson S W , Shonkoff Seth B C , Michanowicz Drew R
Published: September 2022

Natural gas production occurs in specific regions of the US, after which it is processed and transported via an interconnected network of high-pressure interstate pipelines. While the presence of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in unprocessed, upstream natural gas has been documented, little has been published on their presence in the midstream natural gas supply. We systematically evaluated publicly available, industry-disclosed HAP composition data sourced from Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) natural gas infrastructure applications submitted between 2017 and 2020. Natural gas composition data from these filings represent approximately 45% of the US onshore natural gas transmission system by pipeline mileage. Given that reporting natural gas HAP composition data is not required by FERC, only 49% of approved expansion projects disclosed natural gas HAP composition data. Of those applications that disclosed composition data, HAP concentrations were typically reported as higher for separator flash gas and condensate tank vapor compared to liquefied natural gas and transmission-grade natural gas, with mean benzene concentrations of 1106, 7050, 77, and 37 ppm respectively. We also identified one pipeline operator that reports real-time HAP concentrations for its natural gas at five pipeline interconnection points. Similar to the FERC applications, this operator reported benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes and hydrogen sulfide as present in transmission pipeline natural gas. Notably, mercury was also reported as detectable in 14% of real-time natural gas measurements but was not reported in any FERC applications. Given that transmission infrastructure releases natural gas during uncontrolled leaks and loss of containment events as well as during routine operations (e.g. blowouts and compressor station blowdowns), these gas composition data may serve as a critical component of air quality and health-focused evaluations of natural gas releases.
Groundwater vulnerability assessment in Randublatung groundwater basin using SINTACS-LU model
Authors: Hartono A , Hendrayana H , Akmaluddin
Published: September 2022

Randublatung groundwater basin is one of the crucial areas in Central Java that involves agricultural activities, which rely on groundwater sources. Agricultural activities have impacted the declining groundwater excellent of the Randublatung groundwater basin. The groundwater exploration was executed from an unconfined shallow aquifer that is in particular composed of alluvial deposits. Therefore, vulnerability evaluation to delineate regions most vulnerable to contamination from anthropogenic resources has come to be essential for sensible useful resource management and land use planning. This study estimates groundwater vulnerability by applying the SINTACS-LU model, which uses eight parameters to assess groundwater vulnerability and the geographical information system (GIS) in the Randublatung groundwater basin. The final subject level of SINTACS-LU (intrinsic vulnerability index) was created by multiplying the sum of each evaluation parameter by its specific weight. The resultant SINTACS-LU vulnerability map of the study area indicates that the areas most likely to be contaminated are between Kradenan and Keduntuban districts. Elsewhere, Rather high to high SINTACS-LU index values were observed, indicating areas of high vulnerability potential.
Identification of suitable sites for rainwater harvesting using GIS-based multi-criteria approach in Nusa Penida Island, Bali Province, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan O , Nandini R
Published: September 2022

The critical step in increasing water availability and land productivity in areas with freshwater scarcity, such as arid and semi-arid, is identifying suitable sites for Rain Water Harvesting (RWH). Identifying RWH suitable sites is site-specific due to a wide variety of a region’s characteristics. Biophysical (slope, soil texture, drainage density, land use), hydrological (runoff potential), and socio-economic (distance to road, distance to river, distance to settlement) parameters of the study area were implemented integrating multi-criteria decision analysis (analytical hierarchy processes) and Geographic Information System (GIS) to evaluate RWH suitable sites in Nusa Penida Island, Indonesia. This study’s parameters and hybrid method were effective tools for identifying RWH suitable sites. The result also indicated that approximately 38% of the Nusa Penida Island is highly suited for RWH. These areas are characterized by dryland farming as the dominant land use, gentle slope, high runoff potential, high drainage density, and moderately fine soil texture. The initial identification of RWH potential sites could be valuable information in completing water conservation programs for several purposes. This study’s approach also contributes to developing a suitable RWH identification methodology, especially for dry regions in Indonesia.
Managing fertilizers and water treatments on rice production and N2O emission
Authors: Lina S H , Hesti Y , Ali P
Published: September 2022

Addressing issues about climate change and higher food demand requires improve management practices. Fertilizer and water input are the critical resources to ensure high yield and low impact to environment in paddy field. The aim of this study was to determine whether higher grain yield and lower nitrous oxide (N2O) emission can be achieved by managing fertilizer and water input. A field experiment was conducted during rice paddy season under conventional practice (CP) that comprised of farmer practice and continuous flooded. In contrast to CP, balanced fertilizer application and intermittent irrigation was applied for another treatment that namely technology introduction (TI). Results showed that the average of seasonal N2O in the TI treatment decreased by 54% compared with the CP treatment. Aerobic–anaerobic increased in N2O emissions. Lower N2O emission at higher rate of N fertilization. Those findings indicated that enhancing rice production and mitigating GHG emission under application of balanced fertilizer and proper water management from paddy field can contribute to sustainable agriculture.
Understanding the Connection between Urbanization and Hydrometeorological Disasters: an Experience from Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Dewi R S , Handayani W , Rudiarto I , Artiningsih
Published: September 2022

Climate change is one of the development challenges, both at the global, national, and regional levels. In recent years, the impact of climate change is increasingly affect the world community. Various studies state that the factor that exacerbates climate change comes from massive human activities, causing the production of the increasing of greenhouse gases. The growth in population and rapid urbanization causes urban expansion. Land conversion is unavoidable, escalates pressure on the environment, causing hydrometeorological disasters such as floods to occur more frequently. Some of them even claimed many lives and caused material losses. This study aims to investigate the connection between urbanization and hydrometeorological disasters in Central Java Province, as an effort to understand the characteristics of the region in supporting adaptation to climate change. The method used is overlay analysis through GIS by using data on the rural urban status, building density, and disaster events in Central Java Province in 2020. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the existence of massive urbanization correlates to the occurrence of disasters, depicted by several spots in Central Java Province.
The study of greenhouse gas emissions in village level to support the “PROKLIM” program: case Study of Poncosari Village, Yogyakarta - Indonesia
Authors: Sekaranom Andung Bayu , Kusumandari Ambar , Suratman
Published: September 2022

In Indonesia, PROKLIM is one of the major adaptation and mitigation actions that conducted at the local (community) level. The activities that need to be accelerated and capacity building and mainstreamed in various development activities and existing community activities to support the green house gases (GHG) reduction at national level. The general purpose of this activity is to strengthen the program in increasing understanding about climate change and its various impacts and encourage implementation of real actions in the community. To support this goal, an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions was carried out at the village level, one of which was Poncosari Village located in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The GHG emissions inventory is carried out for the domestic, transportation, and livestock sectors. The inventory is carried out by surveying each hamlet in the village. The results of the analysis show high emissions from the livestock sector. The contribution of the domestic sector occupies the second position due to the use of firewood.
Community’s reliance on protected forest resources for livelihood: a case of villages in surrounding Sermo Wildlife Sanctuary
Authors: Fadiyah Salsabila Syifa , Marhaento Hero
Published: September 2022

Sermo Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) is a well-known protected area in Kulon Progo district, Indonesia that has unique plants, animals, and ecosystems. Different from common protected areas which usually have native plants, this area is mostly occupied by commercial trees such as teak (Tectona grandis) and Mahagony (Swietenia mahagony) since historically this area was a production forest. Although it was mostly covered by homogeneous forest, the area has rich biodiversity since it has become the habitat of various native animals such as brontok eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus) and barking deer (Muntiacus muntjac). Therefore, in 2014 this area is officially appointed as a wildlife sanctuary with a total area of about 188.99 Ha. However, the change of forest status from production forest into the protected area has not been easily adopted by the local communities since they keep utilize forest resources inside the forest area. This research aims to assess the community’s reliance on the SWS resources for livelihood. We interviewed 174 respondents that were selected by the proportional purposive sampling technique to each hamlet in the two villages located near SWS namely Karangsari and Hargowilis villages. The result showed that only 11% of the total respondents have relied on forest resources in SWS with total of 16 respondents (9.2%) were at a low level of reliance and 4 respondents (2.3%) at a medium level of reliance. The main factors that influence the community’s reliance on forest resources in SWS consist of education level, activity frequency, and ages.
Seabed Classification Using Multibeam Echosounder Measurement Data
Authors: Nitriansyah R , Cahyono B K
Published: September 2022

Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) utilizes acoustic waves emitted to the seafloor through a transmitter or transducer and records its reflective. The information obtained by MBES are depth data and the scattering value of the acoustic signal reflected by the object or the seabed, called backscatter. Acoustic backscatter can be used to classify objects or the seabed such as shipwrecks or seabed sediments. This study focuses on seabed classification using an acoustic backscatter obtained from the measurement at Alur Pelayaran Barat Surabaya (APBS). The data used in this research are acoustic backscatter from bathymetry data extraction and ground truth data of sediments. This study found the fine sand sediments with backscatter value −15.56 dB, and clayey silt sediments with backscatter value −24.36 dB. The correlations between backscatter and seabed sediments in study area were classified into four classes, clay class sediments with backscatter intensity range [(−33.81) – (−28)] dB, clayey silt class sediments with backscatter intensity range [(−27.99) – (−23)] dB, sandy silt backscatter intensity range [(−22.9) – (−18)] dB, and sand class sediments with backscatter intensity range [(−17.99) – (−10)] dB. Based on the results data are known in the study area of seabed conditions dominated by sediments type sandy silt.
Delineation of Mrutu Spring Protection Zone: An Attempt to Maintain the Sustainability of Groundwater Resources
Authors: Amirrul H G , Hendrayana H , Putra D P E
Published: September 2022

Lumajang Regency government plans to optimize water resources using Mrutu Spring groundwater as a water source for the Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM). The maintenance of the groundwater quality and quantity sustainability is necessary to delineate the protection zone of Mrutu Spring. Geological, hydrogeological, and land use parameters assessed the spring protection zone. The Mrutu Spring protection zone determination was conducted using manual and analytical solutions and combination hydrogeological methods. This study finds that the protection zone of Mrutu Spring is around Mrutu Spring up to Mrutu Spring groundwater recharge in the northwest. Mrutu Spring protection zone is divided into protection zone I, II, III, and groundwater recharge for the spring protection zone. The geometry of protection zone I is a circle with a radius of 1.64 km and 314 m2. Protection zone II is in the fifth circle with a 1.64 km and 2.87 km2. Protection zone II has an ellipsoidal shape with a radius of 16.74 km and 67.28 km2. The groundwater recharge for the spring protection zone is oval, with a radius of ± 12 km and 57,85 km2.
Modification of Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) Method for Detecting Drought with Multi-Scale Image
Authors: Nugraha A S A , Gunawan T , Kamal M
Published: September 2022

The objective of this research is to assess the accuracy of Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) methods applied to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and multi-scale images. The TVDI method will revamp with PCA in vegetation and surface temperature variables. Each variable has three algorithms, which are VCI, NDWI, and SAVI, for vegetation, and TCI, CWSI, and LST for surface temperature. The band input used was the PC1 resulted from PCA in each variable. The regression relationship between vegetation and surface temperature with PCA shows an average value of 0.99. The results of the PCA increased drought area throughout the research area and showed a negative relationship on the TVDI concept. Validation uses TRMM data for MODIS images and field surveys for Landsat imagery. Landsat showed an accuracy value of 75% and influenced by climate change. Besides, multi-scale imaging proves very useful in monitoring and mapping droughts.
Application Of Remote Sensing Technology And GIS For Extraction Of Groundwater Potential Zone Parameters In Gesing Watershed, Purworejo
Authors: Sudaryatno  , Rahardjo Noorhadi , Winanda
Published: September 2022

The increase in the number of residents and the long dry season is the cause of the increasing need for clean water in several areas in the Purworejo regency, one of which is the Gesing river basin area. Therefore, information is needed related to the potential of groundwater in the Gesing watershed, Purworejo district. This study has three objectives, namely: assessing the ability of remote sensing imagery (Sentinel 2A and TerraSAR-X) in extracting land parameters that affect groundwater potential, mapping groundwater potential zones using remote sensing data with geographic information systems in the Gesing watershed, and evaluating the results mapping groundwater potential zones to determine the most influential parameters on groundwater availability in the Gesing sub-watershed Purworejo district. The accuracy of the interpretation results is done by using the confusion matrix method. Spatial modeling uses a quantitative approach weighted with weighted parameters. The weight of each physic parameter is obtained from the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results showed the accuracy of interpretation of lithology and land use respectively by 93% and 87%. The results of the mapping show that there are 4 classifications of groundwater potential in the Gesing sub-watershed, namely less, medium, good, and very good has and accuracy of 87%. The parameter which greatly influences groundwater potential in the Gesing sub-watershed with a weight value of 0.49 is the aquifer characteristic. While the parameter that has the least effect is drainage density which has a weight value of 0.05.
Study of geotourism development in Batumilmil Karst, Langkat, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Haryono E , Reinhart H , Rabbani D I , Putra R D , Sukarno B , Sasongko M H D , Afid N , Hakim L , Ristiawan A W , Susanto A D , Fauzan M , Saputra A
Published: September 2022

Karst of Batumilmil comprises many unique geomorphological features such as caves, rivers, and mountainous ranges. Situated at the outskirt of the Biosphere Reserves of Leuser National Park, this area is wide open for geotourism development. This paper aims to study the potencies from Karst of Batumilmil to be developed into geotourism. Using data obtained from field surveys and visualized by Geographic Information System, we can find and design the recreational resources and formulate the development strategies toward them. Our study finds six caves as the main geotourism sites for activities like cave exploration and combined with the jungle tracking and river tubing as the secondary or supporting tourism attraction. Each cave has its characteristics that determine the geotourism activities and the carrying capacity. We also discover that each cave provides high scientific values, showing how the geological process of uplifting to form three cave levels. We conclude that Karst of Batumilmil has huge potential to be developed as geotourism destination with the strategy for this development consists of satisfying sustainability, serving educational purposes, and also balancing environmental, physical, and mental health.
Urban settlements quality in Kotabaru Village, Gondokusuman Subdistrict, Yogyakarta City
Authors: Probowati H , Giyarsih S R
Published: September 2022

This research was conducted around the Code River, especially in Kotabaru village, Gondokusuman Subdistrict, Yogyakarta City. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of urban settlements and analyze their quality. The data collection method was carried out by using the multistage random sampling method. This sampling technique was carried out in two stages, namely classifying and selecting samples randomly. Data processing was done by scoring method using Sturges’ rules. Quantitative data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data analysis was carried out by explaining the results of data processing in depth. The results showed that most of the houses had poor accessibility, poor physical building conditions, good environmental sanitation, and residential environment characteristics with moderate conditions. This study also found that the quality of settlements in the study area with poor, moderate, and good classes was 30.43%, 50%, 19.57%, respectively. Indicators that lead to poor quality of settlements include accessibility, number of health facilities, land area per person, distance of clean water sources from fecal dumps, road width, and tree cover.
Circularity and sustainability in the construction value chain
Authors: Huovila P , Westerholm N
Published: September 2022

This paper debates how circularity can contribute to value creation in the construction value chain. In traditional linear business models, value is often limited to financial value for the firm and customers. Here, value is seen more broadly considering a wider range of stakeholders, such as value chain partners, the environment, and the society. Findings from relevant literature and recent research projects are brought to transform linear cradle to grave processes to sustainable cradle to cradle ones. Circularity can contribute to sustainability in many ways: material recovery from existing buildings and reusing, recycling or even upcycling them into new ones and design for disassembly that eases reuse and value retention. Findings indicate that circular economy has significant potential to create and maintain value in the construction value chain. Most of the decisions that affect value creation are done in the design stage, but it is strongly linked to the other stages and affected by business models, circularity platforms, and external influencers such as financing, client’s requirements, regulations and incentives.
ScanR: A composite building scanning and survey method for the evaluation of materials and reuse potentials prior to demolition and deconstruction
Authors: Heisel F , McGranahan J , Boghossian A
Published: September 2022

This paper introduces ScanR (Scan for Reuse), a composite method pairing quantitative and qualitative salvage and deconstruction surveying (S&D survey) with LiDAR and photogrammetry scanning in an effort to empower local municipalities and stakeholders in cataloging building materials prior to removal from site (in the case of either demolition or deconstruction), and enabling data collection and the generation of material databases to link local supply with demand – all in support of a shift from linear to circular economic models in construction. The speed of capturing large spaces through 3D scans and the ability to export such models into CAD software allows for a rapid assessment of surface and floor areas to calculate finishing material quantities and other material content, but lacks metadata such as quality and potential hazards that are necessary for a potential deconstruction contractor. Furthermore, information on spaces inaccessible to scanning, such as wall cavities, are necessary to comprehensively assess a building’s reuse potential. In supplementing scans with S&D surveys using accessible tools and software, these factors can be noted and referenced in relation to the space and 3d model, providing critical information to inform the harvest of materials and planning of the materials’ next use cycles. In testing this method on a building slated for deconstruction, this paper demonstrates the advantages of each method of data collection and how one can be leveraged to support the other to further catalyze local efforts to divert material from waste streams.
Restructure, repurpose, extend. Design strategies for future-oriented building and for strengthening the potential of the existing building fabric
Authors: Herrmann F , Pürschel H , Wörner J , Blasius J , Lahiri L , Böhme M , Hartmann V
Published: September 2022

Climate neutrality coupled with an overall positive ecological footprint is still a distant dream for new construction. The German building sector is directly and indirectly responsible for about 40% of all German CO2 emissions and has so far failed its CO2 reduction goals. For the German building sector, the key to climate neutrality lies not only within new construction but in its existing building fabric. The embodied carbon of new construction needs be reduced as well as the amount of new construction itself. Hence the reuse of buildings and the extension of their life cycles is a crucial factor in reducing CO2 emissions and resource consumption. In this paper we present three of our projects (from the office Sauerbruch Hutton), highlighting not only the potentials but also the problems that planners face with existing buildings. Additionally, our project based LCA analysis showcases that retrofitting can have a much smaller CO2 footprint than a new building.
Enhanced Productivity for the Future of Retrofitting
Authors: Deffner M , Dorresteijn M , Van Elven B , Koene H , Laterveer R , Van Os M , Smilde M , Topper T
Published: September 2022

With the growing effects of climate change, it has become of great importance to reduce emissions from the building stock. Climate friendly retrofitting of dwellings has emerged as an important role since then. Based on a case study in the Netherlands and scientific research on the associated processes, it is concluded that the state of the current retrofitting process is not productive enough to meet European climate goals. To satisfy the increasing need for retrofitting, the Axiomatic Design Method is used to track down the key findings to improve the output of the retrofitting process from a holistic perspective. The aim of the research is to contribute to increase the current output of 50.000 residential retrofits per year by 300% for the Dutch construction industry. The results give opportunities for improvements that should be made within the process, product, and regulations in the industry. The elimination of manual labour in roof renovation is the finding that has the greatest impact on process productivity. In addition, the changeover of the process has an impact, whereby scaffolding, fall protection and weather no longer have an influence or are no longer required. It can be stated that efficiency could be significantly increased with low manual labour roof retrofitting.
Sufficiency as a Criterion for Sustainability Assessment
Authors: Hock A , Jäger J , Rietz A
Published: September 2022

Key instruments of the German sustainability strategy for federal buildings are the ‘Guideline for Sustainable Building’ (LFNB) and the ‘Assessment System for Sustainable Building’ (BNB). Based on the three pillars of sustainability (ecological, economic and social dimensions) and expanded by building related cross-sections (technical, process and location), sustainability research is opposing sustainability strategies of consistency, efficiency, resilience and in particular sufficiency. Likewise, the New European Bauhaus (NEB), initiated by the EU-Commission in 2021, acknowledges the recognition of the finite nature of resources and introduces the term sufficiency as a relevant aspect. This requires a consistent rethinking of the way we plan, construct, and operate buildings. However, sufficiency is often not or only partially addressed in sustainability assessments. The available research points towards a necessity to rethink the classic pillars of sustainability. Sufficiency should not be seen as relinquishment, but the basis for a successful efficiency and consistency implementation.

Up to now, the environmental impacts of buildings have usually been determined and evaluated as area-related parameters, omitting saving effects of area reduction. This paper proposes a reconsideration of reference values and evaluates possibilities for a BNB system integration of sufficiency criteria. The investigation does not aim to determine specific valuation criteria, but outlines possible locations for adaptation or inclusion within the pillars of sustainability.
A holistic perspective on the French building and construction GHG footprint
Authors: Pellan M , Louërat M , El Beze J , Habert G
Published: September 2022

In order to deliver on the Paris agreement, the decarbonisation of the building sector is critical. An accurate assessment of its life cycle GHG emissions is essential to identify emissions hotspots and decarbonisation potentials in order to prepare future policies such as sectoral carbon budgets. However, today a lack of common GHG emissions accounting exists between climate policies and building environmental assessment. The first one relies on the production-based accounting system of national inventories, while the second one takes a life cycle approach, thus accounting for cross-sectoral emissions. As a result, at national level, there is no holistic assessment of the building and construction GHG footprint, which is detrimental to prepare decarbonisation pathways. This research aims to characterise the life cycle emissions of the sector, taking the French case as an example. A thorough analysis of operational direct and indirect emissions as well as embodied emissions allows the identification of emissions hotspots, both at sectoral and geographical levels. The methodology enables an integrated cross-sectoral perspective that is essential for national assessments and future policy interventions. Results show operational emissions represent 65% of the sector GHG footprint. Embodied emissions are mainly due to industry and energy upstream emissions, with roughly 60% imported from abroad. The results can help to identify main decarbonisation levers to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.