bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using a severity threshold to improve occupational injury surveillance: Assessment of a severe traumatic injury‐based occupational health indicator across the International Classification of Diseases lexicon transition
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Victoroff Tristan M. , Bowman Stephen M. , Marsh Suzanne M. , Borjan Marija , Reilly Anna , Fletcher Alicia
Published: October 2023

Background

Traumatic injury is a leading cause of death and disability among US workers. Severe injuries are less subject to systematic ascertainment bias related to factors such as reporting barriers, inpatient admission criteria, and workers' compensation coverage. A state‐based occupational health indicator (OHI #22) was initiated in 2012 to track work‐related severe traumatic injury hospitalizations. After 2015, OHI #22 was reformulated to account for the transition from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) to ICD‐10‐CM. This study describes rates and trends in OHI #22, alongside corresponding metrics for all work‐related hospitalizations.

Methods

Seventeen states used hospital discharge data to calculate estimates for calendar years 2012–2019. State‐panel fixed‐effects regression was used to model linear trends in annual work‐related hospitalization rates, OHI #22 rates, and the proportion of work‐related hospitalizations resulting from severe injuries. Models included calendar year and pre‐ to post‐ICD‐10‐CM transition.

Results

Work‐related hospitalization rates showed a decreasing monotonic trend, with no significant change associated with the ICD‐10‐CM transition. In contrast, OHI #22 rates showed a monotonic increasing trend from 2012 to 2014, then a significant 50% drop, returning to a near‐monotonic increasing trend from 2016 to 2019. On average, OHI #22 accounted for 12.9% of work‐related hospitalizations before the ICD‐10‐CM transition, versus 9.1% post‐transition.

Conclusions

Although hospital discharge data suggest decreasing work‐related hospitalizations over time, work‐related severe traumatic injury hospitalizations are apparently increasing. OHI #22 contributes meaningfully to state occupational health surveillance efforts by reducing the impact of factors that differentially obscure minor injuries; however, OHI #22 trend estimates must account for the ICD‐10‐CM transition‐associated structural break in 2015.
Influence of gut microbiota on the development of most prevalent neurodegenerative dementias and the potential effect of probiotics in elderly: A scoping review
Authors: Mateo David , Marquès Montse , Domingo José L. , Torrente Margarita
Published: October 2023

Dementia is one of today's greatest public health challenges. Its high socio‐economic impact and difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are of increasing concern to an aging world population. In recent years, the study of the relationship between gut microbiota and different neurocognitive disorders has gained a considerable interest. Several studies have reported associations between gut microbiota dysbiosis and some types of dementia. Probiotics have been suggested to restore dysbiosis and to improve neurocognitive symptomatology in these dementias. Based on these previous findings, the available scientific evidence on the gut microbiota in humans affected by the most prevalent dementias, as well as the probiotic trials conducted in these patients in recent years, have been here reviewed. Decreased concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and other bacterial metabolites appear to play a major role in the onset of neurocognitive symptoms in Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). Increased abundance of proinflammatory taxa could be closely related to the more severe clinical symptoms in both, as well as in Lewy Bodies dementia. Important lack of information was noted in Frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant. Moreover, geographical differences in the composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in AD. Some potential beneficial effects of probiotics in AD and PDD have been reported. However, due to the controversial results further investigations are clearly necessary.
Taphonomy of harpy eagle predation on primates and other mammals
Authors: Garbino Guilherme S. T. , Semedo Thiago B. F. , Miranda Everton B. P.
Published: October 2023

The goal of this study is to provide a taphonomic analysis of bone fragments found in harpy eagle nests in the Brazilian Amazonia, utilizing the largest sample of prey remains collected to date. Harpy eagle kill samples were collected from nine nests, between June 2016 and December 2020 in Mato Grosso, Brazil. We identified the specimens, calculated the number of identified specimens (NISP) and minimum number of individuals (MNI). These metrics were used to estimate bone survivability and fragmentation. A total of 1661 specimens (NISP) were collected, representing a minimum number of 234 individuals (MNI). We identified at least nine species of primates, which represent 63.8% of the individuals in the kill sample. Harpy eagles preyed mostly on the medium‐sized capuchin and bearded saki monkeys (28.2% of the MNI), and two‐toed sloths (17.7% of the MNI). The large woolly monkeys also represented a significant portion of the sample (11.5% of the MNI). Three distinct patterns of bone survivability were found, one characterizing two‐toed sloths, another characterizing medium‐sized monkeys, and a third typical of woolly monkeys. We conclude that harpy eagle predation leaves an identifiable signature on the prey with a bone survivability pattern specific to each taxon. The intertaxon variations observed in the taphonomic signatures of harpy eagle kills should be taken into account when evaluating the potential influence of these raptors as accumulators of bone material in both paleontological and neontological assemblages.
The type‐I interferon response potentiates seeded tau aggregation and exacerbates tau pathology
Authors: Sanford Sophie A. I. , Miller Lauren V. C. , Vaysburd Marina , Keeling Sophie , Tuck Benjamin J. , Clark Jessica , Neumann Michal , Syanda Victoria , James Leo C. , McEwan William A.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

Signatures of a type‐I interferon (IFN‐I) response are observed in the post mortem brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. However, the effect of the IFN‐I response on pathological tau accumulation remains unclear.

METHODS

We examined the effects of IFN‐I signaling in primary neural culture models of seeded tau aggregation and P301S‐tau transgenic mouse models in the context of genetic deletion of the IFN‐I receptor (IFNAR).

RESULTS

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C), a synthetic analog of viral nucleic acids, evoked a potent cytokine response that enhanced seeded aggregation of tau in an IFN‐I‐dependent manner. IFN‐I‐induced vulnerability could be pharmacologically prevented and was intrinsic to neurons. Aged P301S‐tau mice lacking Ifnar1 had significantly reduced tau pathology compared to mice with intact IFN signaling.

DISCUSSION

We identify a critical role for IFN‐I in potentiating tau aggregation. IFN‐I is therefore identified as a potential therapeutic target in AD and other tauopathies.

Highlights

Type‐I IFN (IFN‐I) promotes seeded tau aggregation in neural cultures.

IFNAR inhibition prevents IFN‐I driven sensitivity to tau aggregation.

IFN‐I driven vulnerability is intrinsic to neurons.

Tau pathology is significantly reduced in aged P301S‐tau mice lacking IFNAR.
CycloSiFA: Die nächste Generation von Silicium‐basierten Fluoridakzeptoren für die Positronenemissionstomographie (PET)
Authors: Mawick Matthias , Jaworski Carolin , Bittermann Jens , Iovkova Ljuba , Pu Yinglan , Wängler Carmen , Wängler Björn , Jurkschat Klaus , Krause Norbert , Schirrmacher Ralf
Published: October 2023

Die ringöffnende Si‐Fluorierung einer Vielzahl von Azasilolderivaten Cyclo‐1‐(iPr2Si)−4‐X−C6H3−2‐CH2NR (4: R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, X=H; 4 a: R=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2, X=H; 9: R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, X=tBuMe2SiO; 10: R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, X=OH; 13: R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, X=HCCCH2O; 22: R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, X=tBuMe2SiCH2O) mit verschiedenen 19F‐Fluoridquellen untersucht, optimiert und die gewonnenen Erfahrungen in einem translationalen Ansatz genutzt, um ein einfaches 18F‐Markierungsprotokoll für die Azasilolderivate [18F]6 und [18F]14 zu erstellen. Letzteres stellt eine potenziell klickbare CycloSiFA‐prothetische Gruppe dar, die bei der Entwicklung von PET‐Tracern unter Verwendung der Cu‐katalysierten Triazolbildung eingesetzt werden könnte. Auf der Grundlage unserer Ergebnisse hat CycloSiFA das Potenzial, ein neuer Einstieg in nicht‐kanonische Markierungsmethoden für die Entwicklung radioaktiver PET‐Tracer zu werden.
Polymer Multi‐Block and Multi‐Block+ Strategies for the Upcycling of Mixed Polyolefins and Other Plastics
Authors: Si Guifu , Li Chao , Chen Min , Chen Changle
Published: October 2023

Due to a continued rise in the production and use of plastic products, their end‐of‐life pollution has become a pressing global issue. One of the biggest challenges in plastics recycling is the separation of different polymers. Multi‐block copolymers (MBCPs) represent an efficient strategy for the upcycling of mixed plastics via induced compatibilization, but this approach is limited by difficulties associated with synthesis and structural modification. In this contribution, several synthetic strategies are explored to prepare MBCPs with tunable microstructures, which were then used as compatibilizer additives to upcycle mixtures of polyolefins with other plastics. A multi‐block+ strategy based on a reactive telechelic block copolymer platform was introduced, which enabled block extension during the in situ melt blending of mixed plastics, leading to better compatibilizing properties as well as better 3D printing capability. This strategy was also applicable to more complex ternary plastic blends. The polymer multi‐block strategy enabled by versatile MBCPs synthesis and the multi‐block+ strategy enabled by in situ block extension show exciting opportunities for the upcycling of mixed plastics.
Controllable Regiodivergent Alkynylation of 1,3‐Bis(Boronic) Esters Activated by Distinct Organometallic Reagents
Authors: Chen Ang , Qiao Yang , Gao De‐Wei
Published: October 2023

1,3‐Bis(boronic) esters can be readily synthesized from alkylBpin precursors. Selective transformations of these compounds hold the potential for late‐stage functionalization of the remaining C−B bond, leading to a diverse array of molecules. Currently, there are no strategies available to address the reactivity and, more importantly, the controllable regiodivergent functionalization of 1,3‐bis(boronic) esters. In this study, we have achieved controllable regiodivergent alkynylation of these molecules. The regioselectivity has been clarified based on the unique chelation patterns observed with different organometallic reagents. Remarkably, this methodology effectively addresses the low reactivity of 1,3‐bis(boronic) esters and bridges the gap in radical chemistry, which typically yields only the classical products formed via stable radical intermediates. Furthermore, the compounds synthesized through this approach serve as potent building blocks for creating molecular diversity.
Superior ammonia sensing properties of PET‐supported polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide/zinc ferrite ternary nanocomposite thin film at room temperature
Authors: Kundu Soumalya , Majumder Rahul , Pal Chowdhury Manish
Published: October 2023

This article introduces a ternary nanocomposite‐based flexible thin film ammonia sensor developed on transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate in the well‐known in situ chemical oxidative polymerization technique. The nanocomposite consists of three different materials: polyaniline (PANI), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and zinc ferrite (ZF). Keeping the PANI amount constant, seven PANI/rGO/ZF (PRZ) samples are produced by performing stoichiometric variation between rGO and ZF. Later on, various structural, morphological, and spectroscopic analysis of all the composite materials is accomplished with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The sensing performance of the as‐produced sensors toward ammonia (NH3) is examined in the concentration range from 250 ppb to 100 ppm. The study reveals the excellent sensing ability of the PRZ3 sensor (rGO = 30%, ZF = 20%) achieving minimum and maximum responsivity values of ~51% and ~1052%, respectively, at the lowest (250 ppb) and highest (100 ppm) concentration of ammonia. The sensor also exhibits admirable repeatability, good dynamic responsivity, rapid response (tres ~2.9–5 s), moderately faster recovery (trec ~37.9–69.7 s), superb linearity against ppm variation (R2 ~ 0.989), low detection limit (~123 ppb), and exceptional selectivity toward ammonia. The substrate temperature variation divulges that room temperature (30°C) is the ideal temperature for getting outstanding responsivity of the sensor. The study is further accompanied by humidity variation in the incoming air and bending flexibility test of the substrate. A compulsory and legitimate model regarding the sensing mechanism is presented at the end.
A synthesis of post‐esterified oxidized starch accompanied with physicochemical property analysis and esterification reaction condition optimization
Authors: Jiang Linxu , Zhang Wenxin , Fang Ke , Wang Honglong , Wang Xiaoguang , Su Xiaoya , Xia Faming
Published: October 2023

Esterification is a normal method for starch modification while reaction condition is not clear. Here, pure corn starch and vinyl acetate were chosen for starch esterification. Reaction conditions involving esterifying agent content, pH, reaction time and temperature were explored. Dess‐Martin periodinane (DMP) pretreatment was adopted to accelerate esterification. Main results reveal that a content of 30 wt% vinyl acetate, pH = 9, time as 1 h and temperature as 45°C is an optimized condition for vinyl acetate esterification and DMP oxidization can enhance it. After modification, variations in microstructure, surface morphology and macroscopic properties such as viscosity, transparency, adhesion property were explored by FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, UV–Vis, viscosity, and slushing experiments. Main results reveal that after esterification carbonyl groups were introduced, lattice plane occurred expansion, surface morphology was destroyed, water absorption capacity, viscosity, and gelatinization temperature decreased while transparency, thermal‐stability and adhesion property increased. DMP treatment enhanced the previous variations. It seems via a middle‐level DMP pretreatment and vinyl acetate esterification starch solution viscosity and gelatinization temperature decreased greatly while transparency and adhesion force increased greatly, possibly having a potential use in textile industry. For instance, using as slurry its manufacture cost can be decreased with decreased energy consumption, economical.
Neuroprotective effect of biogenically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles against oxidative stress and β‐amyloid toxicity in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Mani Renuka , Ezhumalai Dhineshkumar , Muthusamy Ganesan , Namasivayam Elangovan
Published: October 2023

Amyloid β (Aβ) plaque accumulation‐mediated neuronal toxicity has been suggested to cause synaptic damage and consequent degeneration of brain cells in Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the increasing prerequisite of eco‐friendly nanoparticles (NPs), research investigators are utilizing green approaches for the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs for pharmaceutical applications. In this present study, ZnO NPs were synthesized from Acanthus ilicifolius to assess the neuroprotective properties in the AD model of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strains CL2006 and CL4176 expressing Aβ aggregation. Our findings revealed that the therapeutic effect of green‐synthesized ZnO NPs is associated with antioxidant activity. We also found that ZnO NPs significantly enhance the C. elegan's lifespan, locomotion, pharyngeal pumping, chemotaxis behavior also diminish the ROS deposition and intracellular productionMoreover, thioflavin T staining demonstrated that ZnO NPs substantially attenuated the Aβ deposition in the C. elegans strain as compared to untreated worms. With their antioxidant properties, the greenly synthesized ZnO NPs had a significant neuroprotective efficiency on Aβ‐induced toxicity by reducing Aβ aggregation and specifically reducing the progression of paralysis in the C. elegans AD model. Our findings suggested that the biosynthesized ZnO NPs could be thought‐provoking candidates for age‐associated neurodegenerative disorders accompanied by oxidative stress.
Katalytische Erscheinungen an Aerosolen
Authors: Bartholomé E. , Sachsse H.
Published: October 2023

Untersuchung des Wechselspiels von Koagulation und chemischer Reaktion an Aerosolen am Beispiel von Ruß in Flammengasen: Scheinbare Beschleunigung der Reaktion von Ruß mit Wasserdampf durch feste nickelhaltige Kontakte, Nachweis, daß nicht der feste Kontakt katalytisch wirkt, sondern Nickeldampf, der vom Kontakt ins Gas geliefert wird. Katalytische Beeinflussung der gleichen Reaktion durch verschiedene Salze, die in kolloidverteiltem Zustand den Flammengasen zugesetzt wurden und deren Wirkung vermutlich auf einer Behinderung der Koagulation der Rußteilchen beruht.
Zur Kinetik der Bildung Schiffscher Basen I. Mitt.: Säurekatalysierte Reaktion von p‐Nitrobenzaldehyd mit p‐Dimethylaminoanilin
Authors: Kresze Günter , Manthey Hubertus
Published: October 2023

Die Kinetik der oben genannten Reaktion in Methanol wird bei konstanter Ionenstärke und in gepufferten Lösungen durch colorimetrische Messungen untersucht. Die Reaktion unterliegt danach spezifischer Oxoniumionenkatalyse, sie besitzt eine große negative Aktivierungsentropie und eine kleine Aktivierungsenergie. Der Salzeffekt ist positiv. Die Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen des allgemeinen Mechanismus für Kondensationsreaktionen von Carbonylverbindungen mit Stickstoffverbindungen zu deuten versucht.
Über den Einfluß der Gasatmosphäre und des Preßdrucks auf Reaktionen im festen Zustand
Authors: Henrich Günter
Published: October 2023

Zur Untersuchung des Einflusses von Fremdgasen und Kontaktmöglichkeiten auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten fester Substanzen wird eine Apparatur beschrieben, in der der zeitliche Verlauf von Reaktionen im festen Zustand in definierten Gasatmosphären verfolgt werden kann. Hiermit wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit einer Reihe von Spinellreaktionen in Stickstoff sowie der Einfluß des Preßdrucks, der Korngröße, des Vermischungsgrades verschiedener Fremdgase (O2, H2, CO2, SO2 und NH3) und des Vakuums auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit untersucht.

Der Preßdruck wirkt in drei deutlich voneinander verschiedenen Effekten ein, die sich zum Teil überlagern. Die Korngröße (des Al2O3) beeinflußt im System ZnO/Al2O3 die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit praktisch nicht. O2 fördert die Reaktion MgO + Cr2O3 schon in geringen Spuren sehr stark, was durch eine intermediäre MgCrO4‐Bildung erklärt wird. Während O2 im System MgO/Al2O3 ohne Wirkung ist, wird die Reaktion MgO + Fe2O3 durch O2 merklich gehemmt, wofür die Zurückdrängung der thermischen Dissoziation des Fe2O3 verantwortlich gemacht werden kann. H2 und NH3 üben im System MgO/Al2O3 keinen Einfluß aus. Während im System MgO/Al2O3 CO2 ohne sichtbare Wirkung ist, beschleunigt dieselbe Gasatmosphäre im System ZnO/Al2O3 die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit merklich. SO2 erhöht den Umsatz im System MgO/Al2O3 beträchtlich. Für eine Änderung der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit im Vakuum konnte kein eindeutiger Beweis erbracht werden.
Zur Temperaturabhängigkeit der Dielektrizitätskonstante von Ammonium‐ und Kaliumchromalaunen
Authors: Wohofsky O.
Published: October 2023

An Ammonium‐ und Kaliumchromalaunen sowie an deren Mischkristallen wurde die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Dielektrizitätskonstante gemessen. Aus Einkristallen wurden Plattenkondensatoren hergestellt, deren Kapazität mit einem Kapazitätsmeßgerät von Rhode und Schwarz bestimmt wurde. Beim NH4Cr‐Alaun steigt die DK von 6,5 bei Zimmertemperatur beim Abkühlen sehr stark an und durchläuft bei 83 °K ein scharfes Maximum (ϵ = 12). Beim Wiedererwärmen tritt thermische Hysterese von etwa 10 grd Breite auf. Bei den Mischkristallen verschwindet die Temperaturabhängigkeit mit zunehmendem Kaliumgehalt rasch. Beim reinen KCr‐Alaun ist die DK bis zu 25 °K nahezu temperaturunabhängig. Die starke Temperaturabhängigkeit der DK des Ammoniumchromalaun läßt sich durch Orientierungspolarisation deuten.
Dynamische Untersuchungen an der Phasengrenze Germanium‐Elektrolyt. Mitteilung II: Ein spezielles Polarisationsverfahren zur Untersuchung von Halbleiterelektroden
Authors: Gobrecht H. , Schaldach M. , Hein F. , Blaser R. , Wagemann H.‐G.
Published: October 2023

Das Elektrodenpotential einer Halbleiterelektrode setzt sich aus der Bandverbiegung ϕs und dem Spannungsabfall im Elektrolyten VH zusammen. Durch ein besonderes Polarisationsverfahren gelingt es, diese beiden Anteile mit Hilfe schneller Kapazitätsmessungen zu trennen. Auf diese Weise wird es möglich, die Kinetik der Umwandlung der elektrochemischen Doppelschicht an der Phasengrenze Halbleiter‐Elektrolyt genauer zu untersuchen. Insbesondere ergeben sich für Germaniumelektroden mehrere stabile Strukturen, die unterschiedlichen Oxydationszuständen der Oberfläche entsprechen. Die Zugabe von Kupferionen zum Elektrolyten hat keine Zusatzkapazität im Sinne der Umladung von diskreten Oberflächenzuständen zur Folge, sondern bewirkt lediglich eine Änderung in der Umwandlungskinetik.
Attaining Sustainable Development Goals through embedding circular economy principles: Evidence from food processing small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in India
Authors: Ghosh Sudipta , Raut Rakesh D. , Cheikhrouhou Naoufel , Sinha Sudipta , Ray Amitava
Published: October 2023

Various industries are gradually sifting away from the linear economy and toward the circular economy (CE), but its advancement is crawling far behind the environmental contamination by the food processing industry in developing countries. Hardly any research analyzes the CE performance of food processing small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (FPSMEs) in an emerging economy context. Hence, developing a CE performance evaluation framework is imperative to facilitate this transition. This research proposes a comprehensive framework for evaluating CE performance based on three real‐world cases of Indian FPSMEs. Initially, 15 essential criteria are shortlisted from the literature and refined by the experts. Afterward, data are collected through questionnaires administered to experts and structured interviews. Next, this research employs a multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM)–based approach, in which the Criteria Importance Through Inter‐criteria Correlation (CRITIC) method is used to compute the objective weights of criteria and the Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method is used to determine the performances of FPSMEs and rank them accordingly. The results reveal that “investment in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR),” “use of renewable energy,” “increase in scrap recycling rate,” “total
emission,” and “total water consumption” are the top five criteria for CE performance. Investment in CSR emerges as the most influential criterion for strategic corporate transformation, which blends the notions of CE and CSR as a feasible solution for designing circular business processes.
Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulations of Ammi visnaga L. Constituents as Antimelanogenic, Anti‐Inflammatory and Anticoagulant Agents
Authors: Çatıkkaş Berna , Karacan Nurcan
Published: October 2023

In this study, anti‐melanogenic, anti‐inflammatory and anti‐coagulant potentials of eighteen selected constituents of Ammi visnaga L. were investigated by Induced Fit Docking (IFD) and molecular dynamic simulation with Schrödinger software. The binding free energies of the selected natural compounds were computed by means of ΔG MM‐GBSA studies. Anti‐melanogetic activity of the constituent against agaricus bisporus tyrosinase, Priestia megaterium tyrosinase and Homo sapiens tyrosinase were evaluated. The result showed that apiumetin had more negative binding free energy against three tyrosinase enzymes than cognate ligands, tropolone and kojic acid. Docking analysis was also performed to predict the constituents with anti‐inflammatory activity against human Tumor necrosis factor, Cyclooxygenase‐2, Prostaglandin D2 11‐ketoreductase AKR1C3 and Prostaglandin reductase PTGR2. The results showed that pyranocoumarins (visnadin, dihydrosamidin, samidin) have more negative binding free energy against Cyclooxygenase‐2 and Prostaglandin D2 11‐ketoreductase receptors than cognate drugs, rofecoxib and indomethacin. In addition, docking analysis shows that pyranocoumarins, apiumetin and cimifugin have more negative binding free energy against Vitamin K epoxide reductase than S‐warfarin drug, predicting that they have anticoagulant activity. Furthermore, the constituents and their cognate drugs were subjected to 100 ns MD Simulation to predict their stability at the active sites of the enzymes.
Curcuminoid Nanovesicles as Advanced Therapeutics
Authors: Abbo Hanna S. , Yufanyi Divine M. , Shah Tariq , Khaligh Nader G. , Chinnam Sampath , Efferth Thomas , Titinchi Salam J. J.
Published: October 2023

Turmeric (Curcuma longa rhizome) is well‐known for its therapeutic properties in traditional Indian and Chinese medicines. It has preventive and therapeutic activity against diseases that target human body systems as well as various cancer types. This review focuses on the mechanism of action of curcumin against various factors involved in the metastatic process. The antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐HIV activities and mechanism of curcumin‐functionalized nanovesicles are also reviewed. Despite the biocompatibility of curcumins, its medical applications are limited due to its low bioavailability, insolubility in water, and degradation at certain pH levels. Moreover, the low stability and rapid metabolism of curcumin limits its clinical applications. Therefore, it is imperative to design strategies to mitigate this shortfall which include the synthesis of curcumin glycosides or the development of curcumin delivery systems to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of curcumin. This review provides insight into the different chemical methods for the synthesis and modification adopted to achieve these compounds.
Spindle cell lipoma of the tongue: First case report from the Gulf region and review of the literature
Authors: Mousa Ahmed Hafez , Nukaly Houriah Yasir , Mohamed Rawan Elwalid Ali , AlShehabi Nagam , Daoud Rabbani Mahmoud , Alsayed Abdelrahman Waleed , Roble Ramla Mohamed Farah , Mehtiyeva Nigar , Ennab Farah , Alklani Temaa , Khaled Islam
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Spindle cell lipoma is a histological variant of oral lipomas. In this report, we present the first case from the Gulf region with the most comprehensive literature review. Clinicians should consider rare tumors in the differential diagnoses of oral masses.
Promiscuity and Selectivity of Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases in the Biocatalyzed Reduction of 1,2‐Diketones
Authors: Tognoli Chiara , Bertuletti Susanna , Patti Stefania , Ferrandi Erica Elisa , Vanoni Marta , Riva Sergio , Bassanini Ivan , Monti Daniela
Published: October 2023

Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) are NAD(P)H‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) known for their exceptional stereo‐ and regioselectivity when acting on natural substrates, including neutral steroids, bile acids, and various steroid derivatives. Notably, in recent studies this specific subfamily of oxidoreductases has displayed intriguing substrate promiscuity, exhibiting the capacity to accommodate a diverse array of substrates, such as sterically hindered ketones and even α‐keto esters. Herein, the promiscuous nature of HSDHs was further explored by investigating their catalytic activity with representative 1,2‐diketones. This set encompasses symmetric aliphatic/aromatic diketones – namely, 3,4‐hexandione and benzil – as well as the asymmetric synthon 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐propanedione. In the case of 3,4‐hexandione, substrate conversion and selectivity closely resembled that previously observed with aliphatic α‐keto esters. On the contrary, a more heterogeneous behavior was observed in the case of aromatic substrates, with diverse performances in terms of conversions and stereo‐ or regioselectivity. Additionally, docking studies were carried out to get a deeper insight in the stereochemistry of 1,2‐diketones reduction catalyzed by the broad substrate scope and steroid‐active ketoreductase Is2‐SDR.
Free‐form reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, and composite components: Calculation of cross‐section values
Authors: Zimmert Florian , Braml Thomas
Published: October 2023

A resource‐efficient use of concrete as a construction material can be achieved by adapting the individual shape of a component under consideration to the stresses that occur and by arranging composite construction materials (e.g., reinforcing steel, prestressing steel, or structural steel) in suitable areas of the component. Due to the advancing digitalization in the construction industry, for example in the context of Building Information Modeling, computer‐aided 3D modeling methods are increasingly being used in the planning of structures. These allow engineers to design components in free form. In reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, and composite construction, the design of such components is currently still associated with great effort. In the context of the development of a practical method for the calculation of free‐form concrete components, this paper presents a CAD‐integrated method for the calculation of cross‐section values. Cross‐section values are required as an essential calculation basis when real, three‐dimensional structural components are treated using simplified calculation theories, such as the beam theory. In this paper, the mathematical and numerical fundamentals of a method for the calculation of cross‐section values of free‐form concrete, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, and compound components are presented. The calculation method is based on flat geometric regions described by Non‐uniform Rational B‐Spline tensor product surfaces, which can be extracted from solid models, for example.
A Mitochondria‐Targeted Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probe for Sulfur Dioxide Derivatives and Hydrogen Peroxide in Live Cells
Authors: Zhou Wanting , Zhang Peng , Tang Fuyan , Shu Wei , Li Dongpeng , Zhang Xiaolei , Liu Yuying , Xiao Haibin
Published: October 2023

The abnormal fluctuations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and its derivatives are closely associated with various physiological and pathological progresses in biological systems. Herein, we have developed two fluorescent and colorimetric probes based on a hemicyanine dye for the detection of SO2 derivatives and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro and live cells. The response mechanisms involve an SO2‐derivative‐mediated nucleophilic addition reaction to the double bond and subsequent H2O2‐promoted elimination of bisulfite. As well as having excellent photophysical properties, the probe with higher fluorescence efficiency is further applied for live cell imaging, and it is found that it can solely accumulate in mitochondria and track SO2 derivatives and H2O2 in live cells.
Assessing the occurrence and severity of pre‐ and postendodontic pain in anemic and healthy female patients
Authors: Kazemipoor Maryam , Moradi Hooman , Mokhtari Fatemeh , Kheirollahi Khatereh
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The objective of this current survey was to assess both the occurrence and severity of pre‐ and post‐endodontic pain among female individuals, distinguishing between those with anemia and those without.

Materials and Methods

In the current study, we included a total of 60 women with anemia (hemoglobin < 11) and those without anemia (hemoglobin > 13). We recorded the occurrence and severity of pain before and at 24, 48, and 72 h following root canal treatment using a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10. Additionally, we collected data on patient age, tooth type, as well as pulpal and periapical conditions. Statistical analysis was carried out using two‐way ANOVA, pairedt‐tests, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level for statistical tests was set at p ≤ .05.

Results

The incidence of preoperative pain in both anemic and non‐anemic patients was 80%. The total incidence of post‐operative pain was recorded as 71.7% (82.2% in anemic and 61.1% in non‐anemic women). Compared with the pretreatment pain incidence and intensity, the values increased in 24 h but declined in 48 h and 72 h after treatment. Considering the posttreatment pain intensity, the mean values were higher in the three time intervals (24, 48, and 72 h) in anemic patients. Pulpal and periapical status, in contrast to age and tooth type, significantly contributed to the intensity of posttreatment pain.

Conclusion

Regarding the importance of pain phenomenon in human life, it is recommended to consider anemia as an important risk factor for post‐endodontic pain. Early diagnosis and analgesic treatment interventions in anemic females, alongside the pain control during root canal treatment, could promote the patient's satisfaction and quality of care.
Impaired breakdown of Herwig's epithelial root sheath disturbs tooth root development
Authors: Jeong Ju‐Kyung , Kim Tak‐Heun , Choi Hwajung , Cho Eui‐Sic
Published: October 2023

Background

Wnt/β‐catenin signaling plays a variety of roles in both the dental epithelium and mesenchyme at most stages of tooth development. In this study, we verified the roles of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) breakdown in tooth root development. This breakdown results in formation of epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM).

Results

Following induction of β‐catenin stabilization in the epithelium of developing tooth at the moment of HERS breakdown, HERS failed to break down for ERM formation. HERS with stabilized β‐catenin was altered into a multicellular layer enveloping elongated root dentin with higher expression of junctional proteins such as Zo‐1 and E‐cadherin. Importantly, this impairment of HERS breakdown led to arrest of further root elongation. In addition, the portion of root dentin enveloped by the undissociated HERS remained in a hypomineralized state. The odontoblasts showed ectopically higher expression of pyrophosphate regulators including Ank and Npp1, whereas Tnap expression was unchanged.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is decreased in HERS for ERM formation during root development. Furthermore, ERM formation is important for further elongation and dentin mineralization of the tooth roots. These findings may provide new insight to understand the contribution of ERM to root formation.
Stability and Efficiency Enhancement of Antimony Selenosulfide Solar Cells with Inorganic SnS‐Modified Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Materials
Authors: Li Jiashuai , Hu Xuzhi , Zheng Xiaolu , Gao Zheng , Wang Shuxin , Liu Yongjie , Wang Chen , Shao Wenlong , Fang Guojia
Published: October 2023

Antimony selenosulfide (Sb2(S,Se)3) has been emerging as a promising light absorber owing to its tunable bandgap (1.1–1.7 eV), high absorption coefficient (>105 cm−1), and excellent phase and environmental stability. Lithium salt‐doped 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxy‐phenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) has been generally used as the hole transport layer (HTL) in these high‐efficiency antimony selenosulfide solar cells so far. However, the lithium‐ion reactions and migration in this HTL may cause serious challenges for the stability of these solar cells. Herein, stable and low‐cost tin monosulfide (SnS) nanoparticles surface‐modified nickel oxide (NiOx) as an inorganic hole transport layer to fabricate highly efficient and stable all‐inorganic solar cells is developed. It is found that NiOx films not only demonstrate a higher conductivity but also form better energy band alignment after SnS surface treatment. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency of the full inorganic Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells increases from 4.85% to 6.41%. Most importantly, the devices also demonstrate much improved thermal, moisture, and long‐term stabilities as compared to the solar cells with spiro‐OMeTAD hole transport layer.
The impact of natural resource markets and green financing on financial stability and renewable energy investment efficiency
Authors: Chen Gong , Zhuoma Lamu , Xie Xiaowen , Xu Ziqing
Published: October 2023

Energy resources' impact on gross domestic product and financial growth is controversial. The research is quiet on the potential effects of fluctuation in other areas, such as energy resource investment and finance, on exchange rates, financial and environmental indicators, making it urgent that this topic receives attention today. Our research aims to fill this gap by highlighting the fundamental insecurity of natural resource markets, energy expenditure markets and green financing markets. Because of the challenges in collecting older data, this analysis focuses on the decade from 1990 to 2020. We analysed the following asymmetry by employing the model TGARCH specification. According to the calculations, there is more room for fluctuation after a negative shock to natural resources than after a positive one. The study's empirical findings are then used to inform policy recommendations for maintaining a secure financial system and controlling the rising cost of scarce natural resources. The study also highlights the need for increased investment in green finance and recommends diversifying existing energy resource investments to foster the growth of alternative energy sources. This research suggests that we put more resources into green financing and develop new renewable energy sources. Conclusions: natural resource and energy investments are subject to volatility over time, as evidenced by the results and standard and relevant volatility assessments such as autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity.
The size coding of responses: The size of switches and the force feedback
Authors: Heurley Loïc P. , Michalland Arthur , Guerineau Ronan , Thébault Guillaume
Published: October 2023

We aimed to understand which factors have a functional role in the size coding of responses, either the size of the switches or the force required to trigger each switch. This question is of relevance because it allows a better understanding of processes underlying action coding. In each trial, participants saw a small or large object. Depending on its colour, the participants had to press one of two switches. In the “size” condition, the response device consisted of two switches of different visual size, but both required the same amount of force. In the “force‐feedback” condition, the response device consisted in two switches of identical visual size, but one switch required more force than the other. We found a compatibility effect in the “size,” not in the “force‐feedback” condition, supporting that the size‐coding of responses would be due to the size of the switches.
A case of renal cell carcinoma with antiphospholipid syndrome treated by robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy
Authors: Tashiro Yu , Ishitoya Satoshi , Yamamoto Ryo , Sugiyama Kyohei , Takada Hideaki , Matsumoto Keiyu , Tsuchihashi Kazunari
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease that presents with thrombus hyperplasia. Although very rare, this disease is reported to become severe after the surgical invasion and other interventions. To our knowledge, there are no reports of partial nephrectomy in patients with antiphospholipid.

Case presentation

A 45‐year‐old man visited our hospital for treatment of left renal cell carcinoma. He had a history of antiphospholipid syndrome and took two antithrombotic agents. We performed a robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy. We selectively ligated only the feeding branch during the procedure. Postoperatively, there were no complications, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 10. One year after surgery, there was no worsening of antiphospholipid syndrome.

Conclusion

We reported the first case of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy for an antiphospholipid syndrome patient. Selective ligation of the renal artery might not have contributed to the severe antiphospholipid syndrome.
Primary renal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, treated with partial nephrectomy
Authors: Miki Airi , Tani Masaru , Tsutsui Kenji , Wakita Teppei , Horibe Yuki , Kakuta Yoichi , Tsutahara Koichi , Ishiko Jun , Yamada Kyohei , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Ohshima Koichi , Takao Tetsuya
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Renal involvement by non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma is very rare, and the kidney as the primary site of this lymphoma is much more uncommon. We report a case of primary renal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, treated with partial nephrectomy.

Case presentation

A 63‐year‐old man was hospitalized with coronavirus infectious disease, emerged in 2019 in the emergency department. Computed tomography examination showed a 2‐cm renal mass in the right kidney. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography examination revealed that the noted mass showed good enhancement in the corticomedullary phase and washout in the nephrogenic phase. No metastatic lesions were found. He was diagnosed as having cT1aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma, and robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy was carried out. The pathological diagnosis was peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. He has been followed for 20 months after robotic‐assisted partial nephrectomy without additional treatment and recurrence.

Conclusion

We experienced a primary renal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified that was followed up without treatment after surgery.
In‐network computing—challenges and opportunities
Authors: Silva Rui , Corujo Daniel , Quevedo José , Aguiar Rui
Published: October 2023

The rapid growth of new applications with high resource demands leads to the need for more computing power. Datacenter servers may not be the most efficient way to run the necessary software. The introduction of programmable dataplanes opens up the possibility to run software directly in the dataplane with lower latency and higher energy efficiency than general purpose servers. Thus, the concept of in‐network computing is introduced. This paper addresses the challenges associated with executing software resorting to programmable networking devices while presenting a high level conceptual architecture including three layers of computing. The paper ends by taking the evaluated challenges into consideration and proposing future research directions for the evolution of the in‐network computing technology.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for mechanical red cell hemolysis: A case series
Authors: Douglas Chloe E. , House Taylor R. , Yalon Larissa , Menon Shina
Published: October 2023

We present three cases of severely elevated plasma free hemoglobin (PFH) in pediatric patients on mechanical circulatory support devices at a tertiary pediatric care center. Due to severe levels of PFH in the setting of critical illness with the inability to pursue immediate mechanical device exchange, membrane filtration therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed, which resulted in a lowering of PFH levels. However, long‐term outcomes were heterogeneous across the cases. This case series reviews patient presentation, organ function before and after TPE, and the overall role of TPE as an effective treatment option to decrease severely elevated PFH levels. In doing so, we hope to add to what is known about the use of TPE for mechanical red cell hemolysis and provide guidance on its use in critically ill patients.
Mimicry in misophonia: A large‐scale survey of prevalence and relationship with trigger sounds
Authors: Ash Paris A. , Benzaquén Ester , Gander Phillip E. , Berger Joel I. , Kumar Sukhbinder
Published: October 2023

Background

Misophonia is often referred to as a disorder that is characterized by excessive negative emotional responses, including anger and anxiety, to “trigger sounds” which are typically day‐to‐day sounds, such as those generated from people eating, chewing, and breathing. Misophonia (literally “hatred of sounds”) has commonly been understood within an auditory processing framework where sounds cause distress due to aberrant processing in the auditory and emotional systems of the brain. However, a recent proposal suggests that it is the perceived action (e.g., mouth movement in eating/chewing sounds as triggers) of the trigger person, and not the sounds per se, that drives the distress in misophonia. Since observation or listening to sounds of actions of others are known to prompt mimicry in perceivers, we hypothesized that mimicking the action of the trigger person may be prevalent in misophonia. Apart from a few case studies and anecdotal information, a relation between mimicking and misophonia has not been systematically evaluated.

Method

In this work, we addressed this limitation by collecting data on misophonia symptoms and mimicry behavior using online questionnaires from 676 participants.

Results

Analysis of these data shows that (i) more than 45% of individuals with misophonia reported mimicry, indicating its wide prevalence, (ii) the tendency to mimic varies in direct proportion to misophonia severity, (iii) compared to other human and environmental sounds, trigger sounds of eating and chewing are more likely to trigger mimicking, and (iv) the act of mimicking provides some degree of relief from distress to people with misophonia.

Conclusion

This study shows prevalence of mimicry and its relation to misophonia severity and trigger types. The theoretical framework of misophonia needs to incorporate the phenomenon of mimicry and its effect on management of misophonia distress.
Treatment of Alec: “History does not have to repeat itself”
Authors: Weinberg Igor
Published: October 2023

Treatment of patients with pathological narcissism presents several challenges and there is paucity of published case reports that document meaningful and durable change in patients suffering from this condition. Using descriptive and atheoretical language, this paper presents a treatment of a young man in his transition from young adulthood to middle adulthood while he was negotiating complex residues of his experiences of growing up along with developmental challenges related to work and love. Against the backdrop of these transitions, the patient was working through various aspects of functioning related to pathological narcissism. Initially, given academic pressures and past romantic disappointments, he was confronting issues related to perfectionism, self‐criticism, and avoidance. While he was able to move past some of these dynamics and function academically, later challenges related to becoming an independent adult led to a retreat into an avoidant state of futility and pessimism. Working through painful family dynamics related to not being seen and controlled, along with a deepening attachment in therapy as well as confrontation with realities of his life, led him to take steps toward greater independence. Thereafter, his treatment focused on learning from life experiences such as a newly developed career and romantic life, accepting the complexity of self and others, and tolerating disillusionments.