bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extending UML for Space- and Time-Dependent Applications
Authors: Price Rosanne , Tryfona Nectaria , Jensen Christian S.
Published: January 2011

In recent years, the need for a temporal dimension in traditional spatial information systems and for high-level models useful for the conceptual design of the resulting spatiotemporal systems has become clear. Although having in common a need to manage spatial data and their changes over time, various spatiotemporal applications may manage different types of spatiotemporal data and may be based on very different models of space, time, and change. For example, the term spatiotemporal data is used to refer both to temporal changes in spatial extents, such as redrawing the boundaries of a voting precinct or land deed, and to changes in the value of thematic (i.e., alphanumeric) data across time or space, such as variation in soil acidity measurements depending on the measurement location and date. A spatiotemporal application may be concerned with either or both types of data. This, in turn, is likely to influence the underlying model of space employed, e.g., the two types of spatiotemporal data generally correspond to an object- versus a field-based spatial model. For either type of spatiotemporal data, change may occur in discrete steps, e.g., changes in land deed boundaries, or in a continuous process, e.g., changes in the position of a moving object such as a car. Another type of spatiotemporal data is composite data whose components vary depending on time or location. An example is the minimum combination of equipment and wards required in a certain category of hospital (e.g., general, maternity, psychiatric), where the relevant regulations determining the applicable base standards vary by locality and time period.
Effect of Silk Fibroin on the Properties of Calcium Phosphate Cement
Authors: Wang Biao , Xie Rui Juan , Wan Qiong , Wang Yang , Huang Yang Yang
Published: January 2011

To improve the physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate cement (CPC), silk fibroin (SF) in the different forms were added into CPC. The structure of the composites was studied by X-ray diffraction. The setting time was investigated by ISO Cement Standard Consistency Instrument. Scanning Electron Microscope was used to observe the surface morphology. Mechanical properties of samples were tested by Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results indicated that acicular crystal of hydroxyapatite (HA) was formed in the hardening body of both CPC with SF and the pure CPC. Addition of SF had no significant effect on the structure of SF/CPC composite. The setting time of CPC with SF was significantly shorter than that of the pure CPC (30.3 mins). The setting time of CPC by adding silk fibroin powder I (SFP) and silk fibroin fiber (SFF) was greatly shortened, which was only 11.7 minutes. The setting time of CPC with SFP decreased approximately by 1/3, while the setting time of the CPC with SFF decreased nearly by 1/2. With the adding of SF, the compressive strength of CPC increased significantly. There was a distinct increase in the work-of-compressive of CPC with the adding of SFF.
A Study on the Flexibility of Apparel Manufacturing System
Authors: Bai Xiao Gang , Zhang Xin
Published: January 2011

In the current and future apparel market, customer demands various products. The apparel plants have to face the ever-changing demands from product mixture and volume. Satisfying customer demands is an important strategic requirement. Failing to do so can result not only in lost profits caused by reduced sales, but also placing the manufacturers in danger of losing future market. So the plant must manufacture correctly and send the products to clients timely. Therefore, the time taken to manufacture high quality products is very important. Layout design is the method utilized on assigning the machine to a certain space. Facility layout includes product layout, process layout and cellular layout etc. The right facility layout can provide manufacturing flexibility and reduce manufacturing cost. In the general facility layout problem, the material flow and department relationship is a major optimization goal. This paper will discuss the manufacturing flexibility from facility layout and propose time as an additional requirement to the material flow and department relationship. This paper will also provide a layout model for flexible manufacturing in view of apparel manufacturing characteristics.
Comparative Study on Classification and Discrimination of Silken Fabrics for Skirt
Authors: Kuang Cai Yuan
Published: January 2011

Significant interrelationships between skirt shapes and properties of fabrics have been found in skirt design. In this paper, the determination method, classified fabrics based on Euclidean distance and optimum cluster can be implemented by multivariate ANOVA was proposed, after testing tensile, shear and bending properties of 30 different kinds of silken fabrics, selected as subjects, with KES. Fisher discrimination module was developed by using Visual Basic 6.0 language based on Fisher discrimination functions through SPSS 10.0. Probability neural network (PNN), established based on mechanical properties of train samples, was employed to study the classification of new sample. And the classification results were studied comparatively. The results showed that the proposed method, based on Euclidean distance and multivariate ANOVA, is feasible, and those silken fabrics can be classified into three clusters. The results also indicated that Fisher discrimination module and PNN is feasible to distinguish cluster of new sample. Discrimination of silken fabrics is easy to operate because of Fisher module, and has strong robust property in noises of test samples for the reason of PNN.
Research on Consumer’s Cognitions of Silk Products
Authors: Sun Ju Jian , Shi Rui , Li Gai Hang , Liu Guo Lian
Published: January 2011

Silk belong to typical Eco Textiles and have many excellent characteristics. Whereas, there is only small market share for silk in Chinese textile market. Chinese costumers have certain understanding for silk clothing, which is important to silk companies to develop the domestic markets and establish their own silk product brands. This paper uses the structure equation model (SEM) research methods, analyzes principal components through SPSS11.0 software for consumer’s cognitions of silk product and revises the results by LISREL model 8. 7 data analysis software. The proposal was forwarded for silk company to increase their marketing skill, develop their service quality and enhance customer loyalty.
A Study on Silk Full-Fashioned Weaving for Women’s Wear
Authors: Wang Xue Qin , Jin Zi Min
Published: January 2011

A thrust of the study is to compare different design principles for advanced creation of full-fashioned weaving. According to the present integrated design mode, three technical elements of weaving design have been identified in the course of creation, i.e. mixed yarns, integrated structures, and integrated patterns. The design process is the key to successful integrated design, including allocation of materials of warp and weft, different interlacing locations that suitable for clothing structures, and the method of patterning in the current CAD digital processing. The entire design mode is different from the previous laminar woven textile designs. Experiments have shown that, with the shapeable materials, the fine silk yarns are perfect to weave and mould the three dimensional dress for women. Besides, rich and novel textures can be embellished inherently on the surfaces of the full-fashion woven clothing. The expanded creative dimensions of woven textiles contributed an added value to silk products produced by current machines. Meanwhile the new features of Seamless Woven Fashion (SWF) further widened the creative scope of fashion design. The study has contributed to the future research and development of advanced woven textiles as the end products.
The Effect of Fashion Brand Involvement and Marketing Communication Means on Building Consumer-Brand Relationship
Authors: Park Jae Ok , Hwang Jeong In , Park Eun Mee
Published: January 2011

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of marketing communication means on the development of consumer-brand relationship. The research involved a questionnaire survey with women in their 20s-30s, the major consumers of fashion product, who were residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. A total of 375 questionnaires were used for final analysis. Data analysis was carried out by means of descriptive analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis. Consumer-brand relationships were measured upon being classified into behavioral dimension, emotional dimension and belief dimension. Marketing communication means was measured upon being classified into TV commercial, magazine ads, outdoor advertisement, PPL advertisement, internet advertisement, discount prices, free gift, VMD, star-marketing, supporting the event, salesperson, word of mouth effect, street observation, news reports, and fashion show; each of these criteria was measured using its own variables. Fashion brand involvement was found to exert positive effect on behavioral dimension, emotional dimension and belief dimension, which are the sub-criteria of consumer-brand relationship. In addition, diverse means of marketing communication were shown to exert significant effect on behavioral dimension, emotional dimension and belief dimension during the process of consumer-brand relationship development. The results of this research is expected to be helpful for establishing proper and effective marketing strategies, by providing information about the characteristics of consumers and about the utilization of marketing communication means that is necessary for the establishment, strengthening and maintaining of the relationship between fashion enterprises and consumers.
Preparation and Characterization of Spidroin and PLLA Blended Nanofiber Mats
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Ye Mei , Wu Wei , Zhang Ai Li , Pan Zhi Juan
Published: January 2011

Due to the exceptional biocompatibility of spider silk and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), electrospun PLLA or spidroin fiber mat is one of the best biomaterials. The diameter of electropun PLLA fiber decreased and mechanical property of such fiber mats was improved once some spidroin was added into PLLA/Hexaflorisopropanol (HFIP) solution. The influence of electrospinning voltage and distance on the shape and mechanical properties of spidroin/PLLA composite fibers was investigated as well as the molecular conformation and crystalline structure of the electrospun fibers. The results revealed that the diameter of spidroin/PLLA fiber was non-uniform, which varied from 300nm to 1000nm. The content of random coil or α-helix structure was about 45%, and spidroin presented a crystal structure separated with PLLA in their composite fibers. With the raise of voltage, the proportion of nano-sized fibers in an electrospun spidroin/PLLA fiber mat increased and tended to be unchanged. The breaking strength of the mat was improved following the increase of voltage. Meanwhile, the ratio of nano-sized fibers and initial modulus of the spidroin/PLLA fiber mat underwent the convex change against the electrospinning distance between the needle and collector.
Cloning and Expression Analysis of Acetylcholinesterase Gene (Bm-ace1, Bm-ace2) from Domesticated Silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Yan Hong , Wang Ju Mei , Shen Wei De
Published: January 2011

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, 2 EC 3.1.1.7), encoded by the ace gene, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to terminate nerve impulses at the postsynaptic membrane. In this study, AChE genes (Bm-ace1, Bm-ace2) were cloned from domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori (Dazao strain) through RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the ORF of Bm-ace1 gene contained 2 025 bp nucleotides, encoding 683 amino acid residues. The predicted protein has a molecular weight (MW) of 76.96 kD and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.36; The ORF of Bm-ace2 gene contained 1 917 bp nucleotides, encoding 638 AA’s. The predicted protein has a MW of 71.68 kD and a pI of 5.49. These two acetylcholinesterase genes both contain conserved motifs including a catalytic triad, a choline-binding site and an acyl picket. A clustering analysis showed that Bm-ace1 (ABY50088)shared highest similarity with Bmm-ace1 (ABM66370) from Chinese wild silkworm (B. mandarina), Bm-ace2 (ABY50089) shared highest similarity with Bm-ace2 (NP_001037366) from B. mori. Using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, expression analyses in insect tissues and in development period demonstrated that Bm-ace1and Bm-ace2 were expressed highly in head and fat bodies; Bm-ace1 and Bm-ace2 were expressed firstly higher, then lower and higher again from 1st instar to 5th instar stages. Bm-ace1 was expressed higher than that of Bm-ace2 in all the stages. This result will help understanding of the resistance mechanism of B. mori to organophosphosphorous insecticides.
Preparation and Characterization of Wool Keratin/PVA Blended Films
Authors: Gou Ming Xia , Yang Xu Hong
Published: January 2011

The method of extracting protein from wool was studied for the purpose of reusing the waste wool. The aqueous solution of wool keratin was prepared with Sodium Shlfide as reductive agent. In this paper, PVA was used to mix with keratin in different proportions. Both solutions were cast to obtain blended films. Scanning electron microscopy investigation showed that the surface of blended films was rough and uneven and the surface of the pure keratin film had small peridiole. FTIR analysis indicated that the secondary structure of the keratin was influenced by the blending ratios. Compared with wool fiber, the keratin film cast from aqueous solution showed a decrease in the amount of α-helix structure, while β-sheet and random coil conformations increased. When the keratin solution and PVA solution were blended in the ratios of 40:60, the film was flexible and rigid, and had good mechanical properties. This study encourages the further investigation of the applications of wool keratin films in the biomedical field, which could provide a new way to reuse various waste feathers.
Silk Fibroin Sol-Gel Transitions in Different Solutions
Authors: Lu Shen Zhou , Wu Xi Long , Luo Min Qing
Published: January 2011

Silk hydrogels have mechanical properties and structural features that are similar to load-bearing soft tissues, and can be implanted for tissue restoration. In the present study, we investigate silk fibroin sol-gel transition processes in detail. The effect of different surfactants and high temperature pretreatment were studied detailedly. Based on the study, a mechanism was summarized. The result showed that the surfactant accelerated sol-gel transitions while heat pretreatment decelerated sol-gel transitions. Gelation time was decreased to several hours when added surfactant with negative charge. On the contrary, gelation time was increased to dozens of days when extended the time of high-temperature processing. Upon gelation, a random coil structure of the silk fibroin was transformed into a β-sheet structure.
Research on Structure and Property of Silk Fibroin Modified Viscose Fiber
Authors: Wu Hui Ying , Zuo Bao Qi
Published: January 2011

Silk fibroin modified viscose fiber (SFVF) was a new fiber with silken handling and luster, which was produced via adding silk fibroin (SF) during the viscose process. In this paper, a series of testing had been done to study the structure and properties of SFVF. The amino acid content of SFVF was measured by HITACHI-835-50 amino acid tester. The morphology, structure, thermal and mechanical property of SFVF were characterized by SEM, FTIR, DSC and electronic strength tester. The results indicated that SFVF consisted of many kinds of amino acids compared with pure viscose fiber (VF) yarn. The results of SEM showed more continuous multi fine slots existed in the longitudinal section of SFVF than in that of VF, demonstrating that wet permeability and vapor transmission could be enhanced for the SFVF to certain extent. Results from FTIR indicated that the secondary structure of SFVF was mainly β-sheet and random coil, and its absorption peaks were 1616cm-1 and 1644 cm-1 respectively. The DSC curve shown the thermal decomposition temperature of SFVF was about 328.39°C, which was close to that of VF. It suggested that the SF modification had no obvious influence on thermal stability of VF. At last, the dry-strength and wet-strength of SFVF was close to that of VF. Therefore, the application of VF would be expanded with the SF modification.
Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Silk Fibroin-Based Tubular Scaffolds
Authors: Huang Ji Wei , Zhang Feng , Zuo Bao Qi , Fan Zhi Hai , Zhang Huan Xiang
Published: January 2011

Artificial nerve conduits (NC) can be used as an alternative to autologous nerve grafts to enhance the repair of small nerve gaps. Many natural and synthetic biomaterials have been processed to be tubular scaffolds. However, current NC lack adequate molecular and structural functionalities. Thus, we prepared silk fibroin (SF)-based nanofibrous tubular scaffolds (inner diameter=1.5 mm) for nerve repair. The Bombyx mori silk fibroin was firstly dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), and then was electrospun to be nanofibrous silk fibroin tube which topographically functionalized with aligned and non-aligned SF nanofibers. Effects of electrospinning parameters (including collection distance, rotational speed and translational speed) on the micro-morphology of SF tube were investigated. The nanofibers orientation in SF tube affects the mechanical property of SF tube. The results suggest that this tubular scaffold shows promising application in nerve tissue engineering.
Effect of Metal Ions (Trivalent Chromium Ion and Copper Ion) on Light-Degradation of Silk Fabric
Authors: Wang Hao , Huang Chen
Published: January 2011

It was studied that metal ions affected light-degradation of silk fabric in this paper. The contrast of the weight and the tensile properties of silk fabric treated without or with different concentrations of metal ions (copper sulfate solution and chromium sulfate solution) by different time of light conditions were carried out. The results showed that after the treatment of silk with metal ions solution, the weight gain of the silk fabric increased with increasing the concentration of metal ions solution. There were different changes in the breaking strength of silk fabric treated with different metal ions when subjected to light exposure. In the same light conditions, comparing with the fabric without treatment, the breaking strength of the fabric with copper (ii) ions treatment increased while the breaking strength of the fabric with chromium (iii) ions treatment obviously decreased. Besides, fabric samples with copper ions treatment slowed down the decreasing rate of the breaking strength and fabric samples with chromium ions treatment accelerated the decreasing rate with increasing light exposure time. The results indicated copper (ii) ions had an inhibitory effect on light-degradation of silk fabric, and chromium (iii) ions enhanced light-degradation of silk fabric. Meanwhile, their respective function for fabric increased along with the increment of adsorption values of metal ions on silk fabrics. When being treated with the same concentration of metal ion solution, weight loss of the silk fabric improved and the breaking strength of the fabric decreased with increasing light exposure time, and the two had linear relationship.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Growth and Migration of Schwann Cells on Electrospun Silk Fibroin Nanofibers
Authors: Hu Ai Jun , Zuo Bao Qi , Zhang Feng , Lan Qing , Zhang Huan Xiang
Published: January 2011

Schwann cells (SCs) are primary structural and functional cells in peripheral nervous system and play a crucial role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Current challenge in peripheral nerve tissue engineering is to produce an implantable scaffold capable of bridging long nerve gaps and assist Scs in directing the growth of regenerating axons in nerve injury recovery. Electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers, fabricated for the cell culture in vitro, can provide such experiment support. Silk fibroin scaffolds (SFS) were fabricated with formic acid (FA), and the average fiber diameter was 305 ± 24 nm. The data from microscopic, immunohistochemical and scanning electron micrograph confirmed that the scaffold was beneficial to the adherence, proliferation and migration of SCs without exerting any significant cytotoxic effects on their phenotype. Thus, providing an experimental foundation accelerated the formation of bands of Bünger to enhance nerve regeneration. 305 nm SFS could be a candidate material for nerve tissue engineering.
Growth of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells on Silk Fibroin Nanofibers
Authors: Shen Yi Xin , Wu Peng , Fan Zhi Hai , Zhang Feng , Lu Zheng Feng , Dong Qi Rong , Zhang Huan Xiang
Published: January 2011

Objective: To evaluate the growth of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) on the silk fibroin (SF) nanofibers scaffold. Methods: The purified OECs were cultured with poly-L-lysine (control group) and 1200 nm SF nanofibers (experimental group). The morphological features and growth characteristics of which were analyzed by phase contrast microscopy. Nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) p75 were applied to identify OECs by immunostaining. SEM was used to observe the adherence and spreading of OECs on different substrates. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation activity of OECs both on the control and experimental scaffolds. Results: The isolated OECs reached confluence after 4-5 days of culture, which were stained for antibody NGFRp75(+). The morphology of OECs on the 1200 nm SF nanofibers was similar to that on the control group. The SEM clearly revealed the close interaction between the OECs and the nanofbers. The OECs on SF nanofibers still maintain its original characteristic phenotypes. The MTT showed that the most obvious proliferation was reached over 10 days. The differences of OD values between 1200 nm SF and PLL were significant at day 5, 7 (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference at day 10. Conclusion: SF nanofibers scaffold could support the growth of OECs, and may be a promising tissue-engineered scaffold for the repair of SCI.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Silk-Like Proteins Using Genetic Engineering Methods
Authors: Yang Ming Ying , Zhu Liang Jun , Min Si Jia , Asakura Tetsuo
Published: January 2011

Using genetic engineering methods, we attempted to produce novel silk-like proteins with new function by combining several functional sequences selected from fibroin of Bombyx mori (B.mori), Samia Cynthia ricini (S.c.ricini) and spider silks or by inducing cell adhesive sequence or calcium binding sequence into silk proteins. The secondary structure of these silk-like proteins was characterized with solid state NMR. Cell adhesion assay indicated that silk-like proteins have higher cell activity. Mineralization of fibroin protein was improved with induction of calcium binding sequence. Nanofiber formation of silk-like proteins was achieved using electrospinning. Fiber was formed from silk-like proteins. These silk-like proteins might be candidates to meet requirement in the field of biomaterials.
Study on Improving Biodegradation Process of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fiber
Authors: Zhu Zheng Hua , Lu Xuan , Zhou Xiao Hong
Published: January 2011

The native silk fibroin fiber from Bombyx mori has been used as suture with non-degradable character. Therefore, preparing biodegradable silk fibroin fiber is very attractive and important. In this paper, the biodegradable silk fibroin fiber with high strength was prepared according to the process of regenerated silk fibroin fiber from the 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) solution and by adding calcium chloride CaCl2 to the silk fibroin solution. The degradation rate of the regenerated silk fibroin fibers was dependent on calcium chloride concentration.
Characterization and Properties of Antheraea pernyi Silk Finished with Reactive Quaternary Ammonium Salt of Chitosan
Authors: Lu Yan Hua , Cheng De Hong , Yang Zhao Dan
Published: January 2011

In order to obtain a water soluble and reactive chitosan derivative, quaternary ammonium salt groups and acrylamidomethyl groups were introduced to chitosan by two steps. The chitosan derivative, reactive quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan, was then applied to Antheraea pernyi (A. pernyi) silk by padding and curing method. FT-IR, XRD and SEM were used to characterize the structure of A. pernyi silk before and after treatment. The peak in FT-IR spectra at 1480 cm-1 and 1650 cm-1 revealed the crosslinking reactions of A. pernyi silk fibroin and reactive quaternized chitosan. The XRD results indicated the crystallinity of the treated silk fiber increase a little in comparison with the untreated ones. SEM images clearly showed the reactive quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan attached on the surface of the treated A. pernyi silk fiber, while the surface of the untreated sample was relatively smooth. The thermal stability of the treated silk fiber was enhanced compared to the untreated one by DSC analysis. It was also found that the antibacterial activity of the treated A. pernyi silk fabric against E. coli was more than 99%.
Application of Micro-Damaged Testing Methods in the Analysis of Ancient Silk Material
Authors: Shen Hui , Zhu Yan , Luo Xiao
Published: January 2011

The ancient silk fabrics are important signs of the development of textile technology. Based on the micro-sampling, this paper discusses the application of micro-damaged testing methods in the analysis of ancient silk materials, which includes the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and infrared spectrum (FTIR). By testing the ancient silk, the elementary compositions and the contents of the materials can be obtained by EDS, which provides evidence for the inference of their applications and storage environment. The composition and structure of the materials can be obtained by FTIR, which serves as the basis of the study on the degradation status.
The Fluorescent Pigment of Mulberry Transferred in the Body of Silkworm, Bombyx Mori
Authors: Liu Xiao Hong , Li Ye Feng , Xu Jian , Zhou Jun , Lu Xiao Ping
Published: January 2011

Using silkworm (Bombyx mori, Dazao strain) as material, the fluorescent pigment of mulberry, silkworm blood, silk gland, cocoon shell, silkworm excrement, silkworm urine and moth urine were analyzed by using the technology of thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results indicated that there were 7 bands of fluorescent pigment from the extracts of green cocoon shell after TLC analysis. While, 2 bands in silkworm blood and its urine extracts, 4 bands in the silk gland extracts, as well as 5 bands in moth urine extracts were detected, but no band detection in the silkworm excrement extracts. The blue-violet fluorescent pigment which has the same Rf (0.35) was detected from the extracts of green cocoon shell, silk gland, silkworm urine, moth urine and mulberry after TLC analysis, but it cannot be found in silkworm blood and silkworm excrement. It was revealed that the blue-violet fluorescent pigment may be transferred directly from mulberry leaves, and then accumulated in the silk gland. Most of the pigment remained in the cocoon shell. And only a small amount of this kind of pigment was excreted through urine. There was also some yellow-green fluorescent pigment detected in the silkworm blood, silk gland and cocoon shell extracts, but it cannot be detected in both the mulberry and silkworm urine extracts. It was suggested that yellow-green fluorescent pigment synthesis pathway exist in the body of silkworm (Bombyx mori, Dazao strain).
Differential Expression Analysis of Fat Body Proteome during Pupation in Silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Wang Ting Liang , Wu Zhi Ping , Wang Hai Ling , Liu Wen Qian , Liu Yan Yan , Tan Jian Zhong
Published: January 2011

In order to investigate the differential expression of proteins related to pupation in silkworm, the fat body proteins were extracted from larvae of 5th day of 5th instar, un-pupated larvae and pupae of pupating day of multivoltine variety “da zao”. The optimized IPG-IEF/SDS-PAGE (2-DE) was used to analyze the differential expression of proteome in different developmental stage during pupation. The results showed that 66 proteins exhibited a more than two-fold differential expression, in which 43 proteins were down-regulated while 23 proteins were up-regulated. Additionally, 14 proteins with stage-specific expression characteristics were also observed. From 25 proteins with three-fold differential expression, 12 proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, such as actin, calponin-like protein, NADH, beta-tubulin, receptor for activated protein kinase C, IMP cyclohydrolase, tropomyosin, antichymotrypsin precursor and 30K protein precursor etc. These results suggest that the differentially expressed proteins (enzymes) are related to the regulation of silkworm metamorphosis or sex differentiation, which provides a new experimental basis for better understanding the physiological functions and the mechanism of gene expression in silkworm fat body.
The Study on the Basic Structure and the Mechanical Properties of Natural Bamboo Fiber
Authors: Tao Li Zhen , Jiang Yao Xing
Published: January 2011

The natural bamboo fiber is a new kind of textile material. It is made from bamboo plant in physical ways. We studied the basic microstructure of natural bamboo fiber with the scanning electron microscope. The features of fiber length, the linear density and mechanical property were also analyzed. The degrees of crystallization and orientation were tested by diffractometer as well. The results showed that there were a lot of recesses and strips in the longitudinal direction, while the cross-section of the fiber was the shape of polygon with lumen in it. The length distribution arranged from 1.5mm to 215mm, the linear density was about 5.8dtex. The crystallization degree of the natural bamboo fiber was similar to the ramie fiber. In standard state, the breaking strength of the bamboo fiber was 6.71 cN/dtex, and the breaking elongation was about 3.48%, so the natural bamboo fiber was a kind of fiber with high strength and low extension. In hygrometric state, the tenacity and the elongation were both become larger.
Study on Structural Deformation and Performance of Polypropylene Spherulite Prepared by Uniaxial Compression Processing
Authors: Jiao Ming Li , Yang Kai , Zhang Wang Xi , Pan Wei
Published: January 2011

Mechanical properties have close relation with microstructure. Based on orientation of the molecule chain in fiber, they show a rapid increase in tensile properties. Nevertheless, block materials mainly gain rise of mechanical properties by blend or composite, it is hardly proposed on the self-reinforced materials by optimizing the microstructure. In this paper, a strengthening of PP was gained by uniaxial compression through small deformation of spherulite. A series of measurements were applied, including tensile test, polarizing optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results show that the tensile properties of polypropylene (PP) have a rapid rise. POM suggestes that the spherulite has deformed into ellipsoid even belt along the orientation of sample of PP, which plays an important role in self-reinforcing of PP. And the initial melt point displayed by DSC slightly decreases because of the partial ruptures of crystal phase.
Preparation and Characteristics of Electrospun Polypropylene Fibers: Effect of Organic Solvents
Authors: Watanabe Kei , Nakamura Taiki , Kim Byoung Suhk , Kim Ick Soo
Published: January 2011

Recently, we have reported that syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) fibrous membrane could be successfully prepared from a multi component solvent system via electrospinning at room temperature. The base solvent of multi component solvent system was cyclohexane. As demonstrated SEM images, the formation of rough surface morphologies and the microholes on electrospun sPP fibers were observed. In this study, we successfully prepared sPP nanofiber webs from a different base solvent was decalin. SEM study demonstrated that the sPP nanofibers prepared from decalin based solvent had smoother surface morphology unlike cyclohexane based solvent, suggesting that the surface morphology of electrospun sPP nanofibers depended on the boiling point of each solvent used. Moreover, to investigate the crystal and molecular structures of electrospun sPP fibers from a different solvent system (i.e., decalin and cyclohexane based solvents), WAXD and FT-IR analysis were carried out. The results showed that the different solvent systems caused the different surface morphologies but the crystal and molecular structure of the electrospun sPP fibers didn’t change.
Poly(L-Lactide) Composite Nanofibers Incorporating POSS-MWNTs
Authors: Kim Byoung Suhk , Kim Kyu Oh , Kim Ick Soo
Published: January 2011

We report the electrospun poly(L-lactide) (PLA) nanofibers incorporating polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS)-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). FT-IR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman analysis confirmed the existence of POSS macromers bonded to the MWNTs as an extra phase. The thermal and microstructure properties of the PLA hybrid nanofibers with POSS-modified MWNTs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD).
Production of Silk Sericin Nanofibers
Authors: Zhang Xian Hua , Tsukada Masuhiro , Satoh Yuji , Morikawa Hideaki
Published: January 2011

Electrospinning is a scientifically attractive spinning technique, since it can produce fibers with the diameters ranging from the sub-micron to nano dimensional scale. The fiber diameters and their standard deviation primarily depend on the polymer solution properties and electrospinning process variables. Silk sericin powder was obtained from the raw silk fiber of Bombyx mori silkworm. The solution was prepared by dissolving silk sericin powder in water at 85 °C for 30 minutes. In the electrospinning process, voltage 20 kV was applied and the inner diameter of the syringe needle was 0.3 mm. The distance from the syringe tip to the target was 15 cm. The sericin nanofibers with smooth surfaces can not be produced at 40 wt%. However, fine nanofibers were produced at the concentrations of 50 wt% and 60 wt%. It was suggested that the average diameters of the nanofibers increased with increasing solution concentration and the optimum concentration was 50 wt% for best nanofibers. Then solution 50 wt% was electrospun with different voltages from 13 kV to 25 kV, the working distance is 10 cm, the as-spun silk nanofibers were produced and exhibited fine nanofibers with smooth surfaces. The average diameters and diameter distributions of the nanofibers decreased with increasing voltage.
Development of New Apparatus for Slug Detection on the Loom
Authors: Ke Wei , Liu Ya Guang , Wang Chuan , Zhang Chang Sheng
Published: January 2011

There are lots of slugs produced in weaving process, which seriously affects the quality of silk products. In this study, red pulse laser was used as the signal source. Light signal goes through the shed, then enter the ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) embedded computer systems for analysis. Thus the slug situation of shed state is judged and the loom is controlled to make corresponding adjustments to prevent more slug formation. Plenty of tests are carried out on various slugs and satisfied results are gained. It shows that using ARM to develop the Loom Slug Detection Apparatus is feasible.
The Discussion of the Yarn Cross-Section Shape of Woven Fabrics
Authors: Sui Jian Hua , Ding Li , Song Cai Ping
Published: January 2011

The form character and oblate shape of cross-section of the yarn in woven fabrics are discussed. Various fabric samples are made by using 106 tex cotton yarn as warp and weft, with changing warp densities and fabric structures as plain、1/2 twill and 1/3 twill respective. The diameter d and horizontal diameter a of the yarn are measured by analyzing the images of the fabric slice. Then the stave extension width coefficient δ of yarn cross-section is calculated. The result shows that there are three different kinds of cross-section shapes of the yarn in fabric as ellipse or similar convex lens, similar to egg shape and similar to shoulder squareness. The more complex of the weave structure, the more kinds of cross-section shape of the yarn has. The yarn cross-section presents different oblate shapes along with the changing densities of interweaving in area A, area B and area C.
Modeling and Analyzing of Regional Fluctuation of Cocoon Silk Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Yang Xi , Liu Bing Di , Liu Hai , Bai Lun
Published: January 2011

According to the collected data of the market monthly closing price on dry cocoon and raw silk, predictive modeling and analyzing on the price trend of dry cocoon and raw silk are made based on the related theories and test analysis of BP Artificial Neural Network is carried out. Developed corresponding procedure with Neural Network toolbox under the condition of MATLAB, and then set up BP network relevant prediction models, at last, checked up with examples. At the same time, this study set up corresponding time series forecasting models and made empirical analysis on the basis of Eviews software. The results show that, the two methods both fit for short-term prediction, BP network can achieve human coordination control, the better predictive precision, which supplies an analysis way for silk cocoon market, all of that can be referred to in the future.
General Design of a Kind of Electronic Testing System for Raw Silk
Authors: Qi Ning , Chen Qing Guan , Jiang Yao Xing
Published: January 2011

To speed up the research pace of domestic electronic testing for raw silk in China, the hardware and software of single-spindle, the general design programs of multi-spindles, the solutions and theories of the existing domestic and international electronic testing for raw silk were discussed and summarized to form an electronic testing system and develop a software package. The system was supported by development environment of Virtual Instrument, the thread guide bayonet and circuit frequency of SD-1(a kind of raw silk instrument) sensor were improved to make the information of the raw silk size and faults into the computer accurately by DAQ in hardware. As far as software was concerned, a special program was designed based on virtual instrument. Serials of information data（voltage values）of the raw silk size and faults was get by the measurement of several groups of raw silk with this system. The testing results of the raw silk size and faults were acquired by the analysis of the fluctuating information data of the raw silk size.
Research on the Grading Theory of Thick and Thin Defects in the Electronic Testing for Raw Silk
Authors: Niu Jian Tao , Hu Qi , Xu Jian Mei , Dong Suo Zhuai , Bai Lun
Published: January 2011

Based on the sampling and grading theory of raw silk test, this paper studied the grading theory method of thick and thin defects of the raw silk in the electronic testing. By means of analyzing the data obtained from the raw silk electronic detector, the fact that the thick and thin defects of the raw silk appropriately take negative binomial distribution in the electronic testing has been confirmed. Under such circumstance, the distribution of the average of the sampling samples of the thick and thin defects was given, and fitting on the relationship between the mean and variance of the thick and thin defects were carried out by introducing Taylor’s power law equation, thus the right grading rate and probability of the difference between two spot tests about the thick and thin defects of the raw silk in the electronic testing was deduced. Moreover, the conclusion of the theoretical analysis was confirmed by simulation tests. The results might provide a basis for establishing the grading standards of the thick and thin defects in the electronic testing for raw silk.
Analysis on Warp’s Frictional Movement in the Heald Eye during Weaving Process
Authors: Cui Hong Jun , Li Li Jun
Published: January 2011

Currently the abrasion and breakage of warp during the weaving process have become the key issue in high-speed weaving of non-shuttle looms. According to the experiment, the heald frame is the main zone where warp abrades. With the multiple effects of shedding and beating up, warp will make a frictional movement every time one weft is weaved, no matter which opening mode is used. These frequent frictional movements will cause warp’s surface damage, which leads to breakage. Therefore warp’s frequent frictional movement in the heald eye is the main factor causing warp’s breakage. By theoretically analyzing warp’s front and back elongation and tension while beating up, this paper establishes the formula of warp’s movement in the heald eye, and discusses the effect of weaving parameters on this movement, such as looming tension, warp line, opening time and geometric shedding size. This provides theoretical basis for solving the frictional issue reasonably. According to the result, by forming the shed with big tension, high back-rest, late shedding, long shed, fast opening and slow closing, the frictional movement of warp in the heald eye can be reduced during the weaving process. In this way, warp’s excessive abrasion can be avoided and its breakage will be lowered, so as to improve weaving efficiency.
The Research of Flat Filament Weft Inlet and Appreciate Effective of Fabric Surface
Authors: Jin Zi Min , Fan Ming Shan , Yan Yu Xiu , Ma Li Yu , Sun Ai Ming
Published: January 2011

The style of fabric with flat filament is unique, but the flat filament will twist naturally when unreeling, and which will be showing on the surface of fabric after being woven; and the surface of flat filament is clean, and it easily slips from rapier head when weaving. Therefore the object based on the technology of flat filament weft bootstrap will basically solve the problems of the flat filament twist when being unreeled by installing certain unreeling equipment and improve the way of weft bootstrap. Also, it will solve the problem of griping flat filament and handshaking weft by improving flexible clamping piece of rapier head. At the same time, it improves the effect of fabric by our established appreciation method, which has been proved usability. The result of experiment shows that the twist numbers on the sample with flat filament could be decreased by 80 percent when installing certain weft unreeling equipment.
Study on Structure and Property of Polyester/Cotton/Silk Three-Component Sirofil Spun Composite Yarn
Authors: Du Mei , Lv Li Bin
Published: January 2011

In this paper, by comparing the properties of polyester/cotton/silk three-component Sirofil composite yarn and traditional cotton yarn, polyester/cotton core-spun yarn, silk/cotton two-component Sirofil composite yarn, the structural characteristics of three-component Sirofil composite yarn and the relationship between its structure and property were explored. There was the inhibition effect of cotton fiber on polyester filament, so the frictional and cohesive force between cotton fiber and polyester filament could be enhanced. The tenacity of polyester filament and cotton fiber were very good and the wrapping effect of raw silk could enhance the cohesive force between cotton fibers, cotton fiber and polyester filament. Therefore, the strength of composite yarn was obviously increased and the abrasive resistance and anti-stripping wool property were also greatly enhanced. Secondly, hairiness between raw silk and fiber strand was very easily captured by raw silk and there was the wrapping effect of raw silk on fiber strand in the composite spinning, so some hairiness was covered by raw silk, which could decrease the length of hairiness or eliminate hairiness. Furthermore, much more uniform raw silk and polyester filaments were added, which could increase the yarn evenness of Sirofil composite yarn.
Principal Component Analysis of Processing Properties of Light Wool Fabrics
Authors: Xu Tong Hong , Gu Ping , Sun Hong
Published: January 2011

In order to compare the difference of processing properties between domestic and abroad light wool fabrics, the paper selects 35 kinds of light worsted fabrics by using FAST testing machine and principal component analysis to make a comprehensive evaluation. The results indicate that processing properties of domestic and abroad light wool fabrics can be represented by using seven principal component indexs, such as formability, hygral expansion, thickness, relaxation shrinkage.
Ponders on the Silk Garment: Cheongsam Phenomenon
Authors: Sun Mei Qin , Ma Da Li
Published: January 2011

Silk is a symbol of Chinese traditional garment culture, it represents the characteristics and spirits of Chinese civilization; Cheongsam is an integrated epitomization of modern Chinese civilization and western culture, and is an acknowledged quintessence of traditional Chinese garment. No matter cheongsam chooses the silk or silk chooses the cheongsam, it is the excellent match of unique material and classical style that accomplishes the elegant appearance and cultural connotations. However, in reality, cheongsam culture has been deducted but failed to come to any agreements, and presents awkward cheongsam phenomenon. This paper ascribed and explained cheongsam phenomenon, discussed the real situation and culture passing-down in terms of modern garment culture.
Comparison of GB/T and AATCC Color Fastness Standards
Authors: Pan Kui , Guan Jin Ping , Wu Sen Ming
Published: January 2011

Color fastness is a very important indicator to evaluate the quality of textiles. At present, color fastness is tested mainly according to China National Standard (GB/T series) and American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC series). Different standards give different quality results for the same sample. The paper mainly compared the differences of color fastness to water, perspiration and rubbing between GB/T series and AATCC series. Color fastness to water tested according to GB/T5713-1997 was different from AATCC107-2007 in sample size, liner fabric, and time for keeping constant temperature with 4h and 18h, respectively. The differences of color fastness to perspiration of GB/T3922-1995 and AATCC15-2007 were sample size, liner fabric, component and pH value of perspiration, liquor ratio and time for keeping constant temperature. Of which pH value of perspiration showed remarkable difference, GB/T3922-1995 specified two kinds of perspiration with pH value 5.5 and 8.0，while AATCC15-2007 specified pH value with 4.3. Color fastness to crocking stands of GB/T3920-2008 and AATCC8-2007 had little difference, mainly in the moisture of rubbing fabric.
Analysis on Photoelectric Method of Measuring the Fineness of Raw Silk
Authors: Fei Wan Chun , Zheng Yu Guang , Li Wei , Lu Xing Xing
Published: January 2011

In order to precisely measure the fineness of raw silk, some features of raw silk are analyzed. By use of Fresnel principle, diffractions caused by raw silk in different conditions are analyzed and simulated. Image data of the fineness of raw silk measured by CMOS image sensor is analyzed for obtaining precise result. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for photoelectric measuring the fineness of raw silk.