bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International sea routes of the South Chŏlla Province during the Unified Silla period
Authors: Choi Heejoon
Published: February 2023

This study analyzes the international routes that Silla established and operated in the area that corresponds to current-day South Chŏlla Province, and it reveals that this region, which is commonly regarded as a peripherical area in Silla history, played an important role in the history of sea exchanges. Silla first entered South Chŏlla Province in the late 7th century, during the war for the unification of the Three Kingdoms, and it opened and utilized three types of international routes: the T’amna Coastal Route, the Tang-Japan Linked Route, and the Tang Yellow Sea Slant Route. Firstly, the T’amna Coastal Route, which connects the Kangjin region to the northern region of Cheju Island, was established in the early days of the Middle Silla period, and the two countries used this route to conduct official exchanges. Then, in the first half of the 9th century, Chang Pogo established and operated a new Tang-Japan Linked Route in the Wando region. Although this route was only operated for a short period of about twenty years, it was utilized more densely than any other international route in Silla, contributing greatly to the human and material exchanges in Northeast Asia in the first half of the 9th century. Lastly, in the late 9th and early 10th centuries, a new route that crossed the Yellow Sea and reached the Jiangnan region in China, called the Yellow Sea Slant Route, was actively operated around the Hoejin region.
"For the Sake of Providing Comfort to All Imperial Soldiers Progressing on Every Front": An Analysis of Regulations on the Establishment and Management of a Japanese Panopticon Over "Comfort Women"
Authors: Jo Kyu-hyun
Published: February 2023

Most sociological and historical accounts on sex trafficking and Japanese war crimes focus on conceptual and theoretical analyses concerning linkages between sex trafficking, social stratification, and victims. While these studies enhance theoretical knowledge about sexual slavery, they do not meticulously explore how the Japanese actually manipulated and managed sexual slavery in China into a legalized practice despite the fact that it blatantly violated Japanese and international law. I argue that Japan attempted to design sexual slavery into a legalized practice by exercising a Panopticon, or more specifically, by emphasizing the maintenance of tight regulations on hygiene, prohibition, and unruly behavior of soldiers inside brothels. These attempts do not hide the fact that the Japanese military breached Japanese and international law by abandoning a commitment to human rights and dignity as stipulated by the Japanese Criminal Code and The International Convention on the Prohibition of the Sale and Purchase of Women for Prostitution (1925).
Case Study of a Korean Archaeological Survey using LiDAR
Authors: Ahn Hyoung-Ki , Oh Kyu-Jin , Cho Yun-Jae
Published: February 2023

Among the international community of archaeologists, a number of studies have been reported on applied LiDAR technique for archaeological research with findings of significant implications. However, there have been few reports on archaeological studies using LiDAR in South Korea. Although there were studies of reconstruction and restoration of damaged mountain fortress walls or past topographic features using aerial archeology, there have been no tangible research outcomes using LiDAR to date.
Archaeological research with LiDAR technology allows for the identification of the shapes of remains or relics located in remote places or in the middle of a deep forest. In particular, the advantage of LiDAR data that allows observation of specific objects such as buildings on the ground in a physical environment even in the presence of various shapes of natural and artificial obstacles is a useful feature that can be effectively exploited considering the topographical characteristics of South Korea where 75% of the nation’s land area is covered by mountains. When considering the topographical characteristics of South Korea, where 75% of the nation’s land area is covered by mountains, LiDAR can be of particular use since it allows for the observation of specific objects such as building on the ground in a physical environment, even in the presence of various natural and artificial obstacles.
However, remote sensing technologies including LiDAR have not been widely implemented in Korean archeological research. Remote sensing technology, which assures the scientific and objective basis of research, is still an unfamiliar field for many Korean archeologists.
With this background, we conducted a pilot study using LiDAR. Remote was performed by applying a range of image visualization techniques based on LiDAR data acquired from around the Seseong Mountain Fortress. Various filters for visualization were applied to the results of our analysis to verify the representation of a detailed expression of the natural topography or artificial objects.
In recent trends, remote sensing technology is actively applied in the global archaeological community through an integration with satellite imagery or AI technology. It is expected that the utilization of these technologies will enable archaeological surveys in remote and isolated areas such as the DMZ or North Korea.
Modelling riparian vegetation management in Central Italy river
Authors: M. Rillo Migliorini Giovannini , L. Scopetani , Francalanci Simona , Errico Alessandro , A. Signorile , Saracino Rossana , Preti Federico
Published: February 2023

Over the last centuries streams and rivers were managed with the main
purpose of achieving drainage and flood control, with the reduction of
hydraulic roughness and minimally obstruction of the flow, removing and
impoverishing native riparian vegetation, causing flood peaks increase
and flood wave travel time decrease. This study focuses on the
evaluation of the hydraulic effects caused by the application of
different management techniques carried out in a vegetated river; the
considered scenarios regard radical or severe cut and an alternative or
selective cut, with the aim of simulating the interaction between flow
hydrodynamics and riparian vegetation, in particular in terms of peak
discharge and flood conveyance. The proposed methodology is applied and
tested along the Ombrone Pistoiese River in Tuscany. Water flow
resistance caused by rigid riparian vegetation along the reach were
calculated on the base of measurements collected during two field
campaigns, conducted in 2018 and 2022, before and after the severe
management cut. The main morphometrical vegetation features (i.e., stem
diameters and overstorey density) have been measured at different cross
sections of the vegetated reach. Hydraulic simulations in the 4.4 km
modeled reach showed a wave celerity decrease up to 15%, due to the
presence of surveyed riparian vegetation, potentially causing a delay of
the flood up to 20 minutes. Hence results suggest that there is
considerable advantage in managing riparian vegetation with a less
impacting technique, both to alleviate downstream flooding and also
preserve riparian ecosystem.
Bardet–Biedl Syndrome: Delayed Diagnosis in a 14-Year-Old Child with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Rasel Mohammad , Istiak Ashif , Saiara Afra , Al-Jubair Abdullah , Matin Shariful , Roy Gobinda
Published: February 2023

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathic
disorder. Because of its low prevalence and wide spectrum of clinical
features, many patients remain undiagnosed. We report a case of a
14-year-old boy with a typical phenotype of BBS who remains undiagnosed
until the development of end-stage renal disease.
Magnesium-Air Fuel Cell employing environmentally benign and highly porous phyllosilicate cathode capable of storing OH - ions
Authors: Harinipriya S. , A Kaushik Palicha
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Current state-of-the-art Mg-Air batteries or Mg-Air
Fuel cells are interchangeably used and involve, Mg-Anode, highly porous
carbon cathode as Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) for air to flow in the
cathode and reduces as hydroxyl ion (Oxygen Reduction Reaction) (ORR).
The present studies aim at the development of hydroxyl ions doped
Conducting Polymer and/or mixed metal oxide phyllosilicates-based
cathode for Mg-Air Fuel Cells. This cathode directly supplies OH- ions
to the anode for the formation of Mg(OH) and
subsequently MgO without involving ORR reaction. Thus, the internal
resistance associated with ORR is eliminated and improves the
performance of Mg-Air Fuel Cells (FCs). Two cells were fabricated were,
Cell 1 with phyllosilicates and Mg-rich phyllosilicate as the cathode
and Mg(OH) soaked membrane respectively, Mg anode.
Cell 2 with polyaniline cathode, Mg-enriched phyllosilicates as Mg(OH)
soaked membrane and Mg anode. The cell configurations
are Cell1: SS/Phyllosilicate//Mg(OH) soaked
Mg-enriched phyllosilicate membrane//Mg/Al Cell2:
SS/OH ions doped
Polyaniline//Mg(OH) soaked Mg-enriched phyllosilicatemembrane//Mg/Al Both the cells were subjected to Galvanostatic
Charge/Discharge studies at room temperature at discharge rate of
50mA/g. Cell 1 with naturally occurring mixed oxide silicates
(phyllosilicates) performed efficiently then the Cell 2 to conducting
polymer cathode.
Wet Antecedent Conditions and High Baseflow Trigger Widespread Floods in Indian Sub-continental River Basins
Authors: JS Nanditha , Mishra Vimal
Published: February 2023

Widespread floods affecting multiple subbasins in a river basin are more
disastrous than localized flooding. Understanding the mechanisms,
drivers and probability of widespread flooding is pertinent for devising
suitable policy measures. Here, we investigate the occurrence and
drivers of widespread flooding in seven Indian sub-continental river
basins during the observed climate (1959-2020). We use a novel
methodology for determining widespread floods and a non-stationary
extreme value distribution to identify the mechanisms of widespread
flooding. We find that the peninsular river basins have a high
probability of widespread flooding, while the transboundary basins of
Ganga and Brahmaputra have a low probability. In addition to wet
antecedent conditions, the relative rareness of high flows across
different subbasins is crucial in explaining the variability of
widespread flood probability across different river basins. Our results
show that favourable antecedent baseflow and soil moisture conditions,
uniform precipitation distribution, and streamflow seasonality determine
the seasonality and probability of widespread floods. Further,
widespread floods are associated with large atmospheric circulations,
resulting in near-uniform precipitation within a river basin. Moreover,
we found no significant relation between widespread floods and oceanic
circulations. Our findings highlight the prominent drivers and
mechanisms of widespread floods with implications for flood mitigation
in India.
Closing the reactive carbon flux budget: Observations from dual mass spectrometers over a coniferous forest
Authors: Vermeuel Michael P , Millet Dylan B. , Farmer Delphine , Pothier Matson A. , Link Michael F. , Riches Mj , Williams Sara , Garofalo Lauren A.
Published: February 2023

We use observations from dual high-resolution mass spectrometers to
characterize ecosystem-atmosphere fluxes of reactive carbon across an
extensive range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and test how well
that exchange is represented in current chemical transport models.
Measurements combined proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTRMS)
and iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometry (ICIMS) over a Colorado
pine forest; together, these techniques have been shown to capture the
majority of ambient VOC abundance and reactivity. Total VOC mass and
associated OH reactivity fluxes were dominated by emissions of
2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, monoterpenes, and small oxygenated VOCs, with a
small number of compounds detected by PTRMS driving the majority of both
net and upward exchanges. Most of these dominant species are explicitly
included in chemical models, and we find here that GEOS-Chem accurately
simulates the net and upward VOC mass and OH reactivity fluxes under
clear sky conditions. However, large upward terpene fluxes occurred
during sustained rainfall, and these are not captured by the model. Far
more species contributed to the downward fluxes than are explicitly
modeled, leading to a major underestimation of this key sink of
atmospheric reactive carbon. This model bias mainly reflects missing and
underestimated concentrations of depositing species, though inaccurate
deposition velocities also contribute. The deposition underestimate is
particularly large for assumed isoprene oxidation products, organic
acids, and nitrates—species that are primarily detected by ICIMS.
Ecosystem-atmosphere fluxes of ozone reactivity were dominated by
sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes, highlighting the importance of these
species for predicting near-surface ozone, oxidants, and aerosols.
Overturning Pathways Control AMOC Weakening in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Baker Jonathan A. , Bell Mike J. , Jackson Laura C. , Renshaw Richard , Vallis Geoffrey K. , Watson Andrew J. , Wood Richard A.
Published: February 2023

Future projections indicate the AMOC will weaken and shoal in response
to global warming, but models disagree widely over the amount of
weakening. We analyse projected AMOC weakening in 27 CMIP6 climate
models, in terms of changes in three return pathways of the AMOC. The
branch of the AMOC that returns through diffusive upwelling in the
Indo-Pacific, but does not later upwell in the Southern Ocean, is
particularly sensitive to warming, in part, because shallowing of the
deep flow prevents it from entering the Indo-Pacific via the Southern
Ocean. The present-day strength of this Indo-Pacific pathway provides a
strong constraint on the projected AMOC weakening. However, estimates of
this pathway using four observationally-based methods imply a wide range
of AMOC weakening under the SSP5-8.5 scenario of 29% to 61% by 2100.
Our results suggest that improved observational constraints on this
pathway would substantially reduce uncertainty in 21st century AMOC
decline.
Triple-Dip La Niña in 2020-22: Impact of Annual Cycle in Tropical Pacific SST
Authors: Jiang Song , Zhu Congwen , Hu Zeng-Zhen , Jiang Ning , Zheng Fei
Published: February 2023

The triple-dip La Niña in 2020-22 is characterized by persisting
easterly and southeasterly wind anomalies over the tropical central and
southeastern Pacific. Our results show that the wind anomalies are
associated with two leading modes of the annual cycle (antisymmetric and
symmetric modes) of sea surface temperature (SST). The first two modes
account for 82.2% and 13.5% of total variances, linking to the
seasonal swing of SST distribution in the northern and southern
hemispheres and the temporal evolution of El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO), respectively. The persistent negative phase of the symmetric
mode enhances easterly wind, while the antisymmetric mode strengthens
the southeasterly wind. The negative phase of the antisymmetric mode is
regulated by the contrast of SST anomalies between the northern and
southern hemispheres. Therefore, both the zonal and the meridional
process associated with annual cycle anomalies may play an important
role in the evolution of the triple-dip La Niña in 2020-22.
Numerical Investigation of Influential Factors in Hydraulic Fracturing Processes Using Coupled Discrete Element-Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Zhu Weiwei , Chen Zhiqiang , Tian Zhiguo , Wang Moran
Published: February 2023

Hydraulic fracturing is widely used to stimulate unconventional
reservoirs, but a systematic and comprehensive investigation into the
hydraulic fracturing process is rare. In this work, a discrete
element-lattice Boltzmann method is implemented to simulate the
hydro-mechanical behavior in a hydraulic fracturing process. Different
influential factors, including injection rates, fluid viscosity, in-situ
stress states, heterogeneity of rock strengths, and formation
permeability, are considered and their impacts on the initiation and
propagation of hydraulic fractures are evaluated. All factors have a
significant impact on fracture initiation pressure. A higher injection
rate, higher viscosity, and larger in-situ stress increase the
initiation pressure, while a higher formation permeability and higher
heterogeneity decrease the initiation pressure. Injection rates and
heterogeneity degrees have significant impacts on the complexity of
generated fractures. Fluid viscosity, in-situ stress states, and
formation permeability do not change the geometrical complexity
significantly. Hydraulic fractures are usually tensile fractures, but
many tensile fractures also have shear displacement. Shear fractures are
possible and the shear displacement can be significant under certain
conditions, such as a high injection rate, and a high heterogeneity
degree.
Update to Mars-based major element quantification accuracies from calibration targets of ChemCam at 3013 sols and SuperCam at 527 sols
Authors: Ytsma Cai R. , Dyar M. Darby , Lepore Kate
Published: February 2023

The Curiosity and Perseverance Mars rovers include the laser-induced
breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instruments ChemCam and SuperCam,
respectively, to assess the chemistry of Mars surface materials. Onboard
calibration targets (CT) are frequently analyzed to check for system
health. Their spectra and predicted compositions are uploaded to the
NASA Planetary Data System (PDS). The ten ChemCam CTs cover limited
compositions, while the 23 SuperCam CTs are more representative of Mars.
This study compares and contextualizes predicted versus actual
abundances of major elements (SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeOT, MgO, CaO, Na2O,
and K2O) in the CTs. For both instruments, Mars-based calibration
accuracies differ from PDS-reported values: Curiosity on-Mars errors are
equivalent or better than lab values but from CTs with limited scope.
Perseverance has poorer Mars-based accuracies than expected in the lab,
but CTs are diverse. Results over time reveal that CT surfaces have not
degraded and Mars-based calibration accuracies are mostly reproducible.
Observations of fog-aerosol interactions over central Greenland
Authors: Guy Heather , Brooks Ian M. , Turner David D. , Cox Christopher J. , Rowe Penny Marie , Shupe Matthew D. , Walden Von P. , Neely Ryan R.
Published: February 2023

Supercooled fogs can have an important radiative impact at the surface
of the Greenland Ice Sheet, but they are difficult to detect and our
understanding of the factors that control their lifetime and radiative
properties is limited by a lack of observations. This study demonstrates
that spectrally resolved measurements of downwelling longwave radiation
can be used to generate retrievals of fog microphysical properties
(phase and particle effective radius) when the fog visible optical depth
is greater than ~0.25. For twelve cases of fog under
otherwise clear skies between June and September 2019 at Summit Station
in central Greenland, nine cases were mixed-phase. The mean ice particle
(optically-equivalent sphere) effective radius was 24.0±7.8 µm, and the
mean liquid droplet effective radius was 14.0±2.7 µm. These results,
combined with measurements of aerosol particle number concentrations,
provide observational evidence supporting the hypotheses that (a) low
surface aerosol particle number concentrations can limit fog liquid
water path, (b) fog can act to increase near-surface aerosol particle
number concentrations through enhanced mixing, and (c) multiple fog
events in quiescent periods gradually deplete near-surface aerosol
particle number concentrations.
Categorization of High-Wind Events and Their Contribution to the Seasonal Breakdown of Stratification on the Southern New England Shelf
Authors: Lobert Lukas , Gawarkiewicz Glen G. , Plueddemann Albert J.
Published: February 2023

High-wind events predominantly cause the rapid breakdown of seasonal
stratification on the continental shelf. Although previous studies have
shown how coastal stratification depends on local wind-forcing
characteristics, the locally observed ocean forcing has not yet been
linked to regional atmospheric weather patterns that determine the local
wind characteristics. Establishing such a connection is a necessary
first step towards examining how an altered atmospheric forcing due to
climate change affects coastal ocean conditions. Here, we propose a
categorization scheme for high-wind events that links atmospheric
forcing patterns with changes in stratification. We apply the scheme to
the Southern New England shelf utilizing observations from the Ocean
Observatories Initiative Coastal Pioneer Array (2015-2022). Impactful
wind forcing patterns occur predominantly during early fall, have strong
downwelling-favorable winds, and are primarily of two types: i) Cyclonic
storms that propagate south of the continental shelf causing strong
anticyclonically rotating winds, and ii) persistent large-scale
high-pressure systems over eastern Canada causing steady north-easterly
winds. These patterns are associated with opposite temperature and
salinity contributions to destratification, implying differences in the
dominant processes driving ocean mixing. Cyclonic storms are associated
with the strongest local wind energy input and drive mechanical mixing
and surface cooling. In contrast, steady downwelling-favorable winds
from high-pressure systems likely advect salty and less buoyant Slope
Water onto the shelf. The high-wind event categorization scheme allows a
transition from solely focusing on local wind forcing to considering
realistic atmospheric weather patterns when investigating their impact
on stratification in the coastal ocean.
The inverse k-max combinatorial optimization problem
Authors: Nhan Tran , Nguyen Kien , Hung Nguyen , Toan Nguyen
Published: February 2023

Classical combinatorial optimization concerns finding a feasible subset of a ground set in order to optimize an objective function. We address in this article the inverse optimization problem with the k-max function. In other words, we attempt to perturb the weights of elements in the ground set at minimum total cost to make a predetermined subset optimal in the fashion of the k-max objective with respect to the perturbed weights. We first show that the problem is in general NP-hard. Regarding the case of independent feasible subsets, a combinatorial O(n2 log n) time algorithm is developed, where n is the number of elements in E. Special cases with improved complexity are also discussed.
Inventory model for instantaneous deteriorating items with time sensitive demand for post COVID-19 recovery
Authors: Fatma Sadaf , Mishra Vinod , Singh Ranu
Published: February 2023

The Covid-19 epidemic has caused substantial obstacles to the supply network globally. Hence there is urgency and necessity to build a model for cash flow in the chain of demand and supply system. This research suggests an inventory model to assist retailers in determining the optimal ordering quantity and replenishment cycle to reduce the total cost in different payment cases. The current study looks toward a partial advance and delays in the payment system considering time-sensitive demand, shortage, and partial backlogging for instantaneous deteriorating items. During the financial crisis, the partial advance and delay-in-payment strategy is planned to keep orders flowing from retailers to suppliers and customers to retailers. The impact of advanced and delayed payments on the total cost of a retailer is examined. To exemplify the model?s application, numerical examples are used. A sensitivity study of critical parameters has been done to identify more sensitive parameters which reveal the clear depiction of present problems.
Cat swarm optimization for the determination of strata boundaries
Authors: Jasim Raghad
Published: February 2023

A stratified random sampling method is preferred for selecting varied populations with outliers. As opposed to plain random sampling, stratified sampling increases statistical precision by reducing estimator variance. Before reducing the estimator's variance, stratum boundary identification and data apportionment must be solved. In this study, a Neyman allocation strategy is used to address the stratum boundary determination issue in mixed populations. In addition to evaluating CSO on two groups of people, a comparison study was conducted using Kozak, GA, PSO, and Delanius and Hodge's approaches. Compared to previous algorithms, the numerical results indicate that the proposed technique can select the best-stratified boundaries for various standard populations and test functions.
Introduction of a Multimodal Pain Rehabilitation Intervention in Primary Care: A Pilot Study
Authors: Eklund Katarina , Stålnacke Britt-Marie , Sundberg Annica , Eklund Fredrik , Eklund Mikael
Published: February 2023

Objective: To evaluate patient-reported outcome measures in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain 1 year after participation in a case manager-led multimodal rehabilitation intervention in a Finnish primary care centre. Changes in healthcare utilization (HCU) were also explored.Methods: A prospective pilot study with 36 participants. The intervention consisted of screening, multidisciplinary team assessment, a rehabilitation plan and case manager follow-up. Data were collected through questionnaires filled in after the team assessment and 1 year later. HCU data 1 year before and 1 year after team assessment were compared.Results: At follow-up, satisfaction with vocational situation, self-reported work ability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) had improved and pain intensity had diminished significantly for all participants. The participants who reduced their HCU improved their activity level and HRQoL. Early intervention by a psychologist and mental health nurse was distinctive for the participants who reduced HCU at follow-up.Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the importance of early biopsychosocial management of patients with chronic pain in primary care. Identification of psychological risk factors at an early stage may lead to better psychosocial wellbeing, improve coping strategy and reduce HCU. A case manager may free up other resources and thereby contribute to cost savings.
LAY ABSTRACTThe majority of patients with chronic pain seek and receive care in primary care, yet their identification and management are often fragmented and inadequate. Many patients end up in a vicious circle of healthcare utilization (HCU), undergoing unnecessary diagnostic and medical procedures. Identifying those at risk of developing chronic pain and avoiding exclusion from work, family and social life may generate cost savings and reduce individual suffering. Multimodal rehabilitation (MMR) is an evidence-based treatment for patients with chronic pain, recurrently provided in specialized care but underutilized in primary care. This pilot study evaluated a case manager-led MMR intervention for patients with musculoskeletal chronic pain in a Finnish primary care centre. HCU was also studied. The results showed that addressing physiological, psychological and social factors in the patient’s life simultaneously and at an early stage may lead to reduced pain perception, increased psychosocial wellbeing and cost savings for society.
FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Authors: Kravets Ruslan
Published: February 2023

The article deals with the feasibility of implementing information and communication technologies in the process of foreign language teaching. The specifics of their use in order to improve the quality of foreign language teaching have been revealed. The role of information-communication technologies in providing a student-centred approach have been described. The prospects for implementing digital learning and the possibilities of cross-border initiatives within the Bologna Process and the Erasmus+ programme have been analysed. Particular attention has been paid to the role of information-communication technologies in internationalisation of student youth and scientific-pedagogical staff at the global level, the development of partnerships with leading institutions of the world, which improves the quality of education, teaching and research. The development of educational partnerships as a key element of the European strategy of cooperation with other regions of the world has been considered. It has been found out that the wide availability of high-quality educational resources, the ability to adapt these materials to specific conditions cause significant qualitative changes at different levels of education in many countries. The European experience in the development of e-learning strategies, the structure of pedagogical training and institutional support, as well as the possibility of integrating it into the national system of foreign language teachers’ advanced training have been researched.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE LITERARY TEXT ADAPTATION INTO FILM SCRIPT
Authors: Myronenko Tetyana , Dobrovolska Lesia
Published: February 2023

The article offers a comparative analysis of both texts – the literary text of the novel “Everything Is Illuminated” by Jonathan Safran Foer an American novelist, and the film adaptation of the literary text. The article issues the question of the theoretical fundamentals of the literary text adaptation into film script. The problems that arise in the process of literary text transformation into the language of the film text are highlighted. Differential peculiarities of the literary text and its film version are determined. The research proves that the text of the novel “Everything Is Illuminated” has undergone particular semantic changes and the emphasis shifted from verbal to verbal-visual in the film text, nevertheless its communicative function has been preserved.
DIE STRATEGIE DES WIEDERAUFBAUS DER UKRAINE IN DER NACHKRIEGSZEIT: DIE FRAGE DER BESIEDLUNG UND DER SOZIO-PROFESSIONELLEN STRUKTUR DER UKRAINISCHEN BEVÖLKERUNG IN DER NATIONAL-BÜRGERLICHEN UND ETHNISCHEN DIMENSION
Authors: Dehterenko Anastasiia
Published: February 2023

Der Krieg der Russischen Föderation gegen die Ukraine untergrub die Grundlagen der modernen Weltordnung, wurde zu einer Bedrohung für die Existenz der demokratischen Welt und des ukrainischen Staates und hatte auch Auswirkungen auf die Siedlungs- und Berufsstruktur der gesamten ukrainischen Gesellschaft. Die Analyse der Siedlungs- und Berufsstruktur hilft nicht nur, die Schwächen und Stärken des sozialen Wandels in der Gesellschaft herauszufinden, sondern ermöglicht auch, das vorhandene Potenzial für den Wiederaufbau der Ukraine in Form von Chancen und Gefahren zu analysieren. Die Aufarbeitung der Räume sozialer Interaktion zwischen Nationalität und Ethnie ist Teil der Untersuchung der Entwicklung der ukrainischen Nation als Zivilgemeinschaft, die Menschen unterschiedlicher ethnischer, sozialer, geschlechtlicher, siedlungsbezogener und anderer Zugehörigkeiten vereint. Nicht nur innere und äußere Bedrohungen für die Entwicklung der Ukraine seit der Wiederherstellung ihrer Unabhängigkeit, sondern auch innere und äußere Chancen für ihre Entwicklung haben den Prozess der Schaffung der ukrainischen Nation gefördert und sich auf die soziale und berufliche Struktur der ukrainischen Gesellschaft ausgewirkt. Die Frage der Interaktion zwischen ethnischen Gemeinschaften in Bezug auf das Eigentum an und der Verwaltung von sozioökonomischen Ressourcen und die Bildung der ethnischen Arbeitsteilung in der Gesellschaft ist von größter Bedeutung. Die Klärung der Risiken und Chancen, die sich aus der ethnischen Struktur der Beschäftigung ergeben, wird die Vertiefung der Entfremdung zwischen Bürgern verschiedener ethnischer Gemeinschaften verhindern und die sozioökonomische Integration nationaler Minderheiten fördern. Im Text werden die aktuellen Trends in der Entwicklung der Siedlungs- und Berufsstruktur der Regionen der Ukraine mit multiethnischer Zusammensetzung der Bevölkerung identifiziert, die Stärken und Schwächen, Chancen und Gefahren, die mit der Siedlungs- und Berufsstruktur der Ukraine einhergehen analysiert, und Empfehlungen für die Strategie der Wiederbelebung der Ukraine in der Nachkriegszeit zu diesem Thema eingegeben.
THE ROLE AND PLACE OF PUBLIC CONTROL IN THE LEGAL MECHANISM FOR THE PREVENTION OF PENITENTIARY CRIME IN UKRAINE
Authors: Garasim Pavlo
Published: February 2023

This scientific article analyzes the potential social and legal possibilities of public control in the preventive sphere of activity related to the prevention of the commission of recidivist criminal acts by those sentenced to deprivation of liberty in the process of execution. In addition, based on the results of the research and the problems identified in this regard, scientifically based ways of their elimination and improvement of the existing legal mechanism of public control in the sphere of execution of punishments of Ukraine have been developed. In particular, it was found that the administration of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments, guided by the principle of non-interference of the public in their operational and service activities, create various artificial obstacles to objective social monitoring on issues of prevention of crimes by convicts in closed penal institutions, the exclusive list of which is fixed in the law, new (recidivist) criminal offenses. It was also established that from the time of Ukraine's independence (from 1991) to the present (2022) at the official level, it is stated that recurrent crime, including its penitentiary component, is one of the real threats to national security. Moreover, the specified determinant has an extremely negative effect on the effectiveness of the execution process - the serving of punishments, as well as on the implementation of the goals and objectives of the criminal enforcement legislation of Ukraine defined in the law.
THE MAIN SUBJECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE YOUTH POLICY OF UKRAINE AND THE REGULATORY AND LEGAL REGULATION OF THEIR INTERACTION
Authors: Gorinov Pavlo , Drapushko Rostyslav
Published: February 2023

The scientific article is devoted to researching the issue of regulatory and legal regulation and implementation of youth policy by the main subjects in Ukraine. The method of interaction between normative regulation and the implementation of youth policy by the subjects of youth policy is determined. A comparison of the concepts of subjects of youth policy implementation and subjects of work in the field of youth policy as a subject of youth policy implementation in general has been carried out. The goal of the formation and implementation of youth policy in Ukraine is given. The article reveals the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the topic, defines the concepts of "youth policy", "subjects of youth policy implementation", "normative and legal regulation". The significance of the state and state bodies in the field of formation and implementation of youth policy in Ukraine is given. The features of national and local programs of youth policy, as well as the normative legal acts that establish them, are determined. Public associations in the field of youth policy have been identified, in particular youth and children's public associations. The profile law in the field of youth policy in Ukraine is analyzed. The opinions of scientists regarding the interaction of youth policy subjects with normative consolidation in the context of youth policy implementation are given. The article contains an analysis of the laws of Ukraine and subordinate legal acts regulating youth policy in Ukraine. The scientific article defines the role of the Ministry of Youth and Disputes of Ukraine as the central body of executive power in the field of formation and implementation of youth policy in Ukraine. The article summarizes information about the importance of national and international organizations in the field of youth policy implementation and interaction with other youth policy subjects.
SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MENTAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC ARTHRITIS DEPENDING ON SEX
Authors: Protsiuk Liudmyla , Kotsur Liudmyla
Published: February 2023

The work is devoted to the study the specific characteristics of mental status in patients with different variants of polymorphic regions of the A1438-G gene of the serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A), ill with rheumatoid arthritis, depending on gender, and to study the relationship between anxiety-depressive disorders and pain intensity and clinical signs of the disease. Materials and мethods used in the study. The distribution of genotype rate of serotonin receptor 5-HT2A A1438-G gene was studied in 100 patients with RA. Anxiety level was assessed by Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale. Depressive status and depression severity was evaluated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Females with GG genotype were found to have higher level of pain feelings and the presence of anxiety signs associated with depression symptoms, while in males with GG genotype had the prevalence of inflammatory component and the depression symptoms.In females with AA genotype pain syndrome indices were associated with high anxiety indices, and in females with AG genotype they were dependent on the presence or absence of anxiety and depression, while in males with AG genotype pain syndrome was associated with SA indices.
THE INFLUENCE OF MELATONIN ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE MAIN ENZYMES OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN THE HEART OF RATS WITH DEXAMETHASONE DIABETES
Authors: Yaremii Iryna , Kushnir Oleksandra
Published: February 2023

The goal of this study was to find out the influence of melatonin on the content of TBCreactive products; on the activity of the main antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart of rats with dexamethasone diabetes. Materials and Methods. The experimental study was carried out on thirty male eighteen-month-old non-linear white rats. The experimental animals were divided into three groups: 1) control (intact animals); 2) rats with diabetes; 3) rats to which, in addition to dexamethasone, melatonin in a dose of 10 mg per kg of body weight was administered intragastrically daily through a metal probe during the 13 days of experiment. Results. In the heart of rats with dexamethasone diabetes, the content of TBC-reactive products increases by 43% compared with control rats, which indicates an increase in the processes of free radical oxidation of lipids. At the same time, in the heart of diabetic rats, a decrease in the activity of the studied enzymes is noted: superoxide dismutase – by 28%, catalase – by 25%, and glutathione peroxidase – by 31%, respectively, compared with control rats. In the heart of rats, which, in addition to dexamethasone injections, received melatonin, the studied indicators did not differ reliably from the indicators of the control group of animals. Conclusions. The use of melatonin stopped the processes of free radical oxidation of lipids and restored the activity of the investigated enzymes of antioxidant protection in the heart of rats.
Functional Outcome of Distraction Osteogenesis Using Linear Rail System (LRS) in Adults with Isolated Femoral Bone Gap
Authors: IA Alabi
Published: February 2023

Background: The management of bone gap in the femoral shaft has remained difficult and challenging to the orthopaedic and trauma Surgeons. Distraction osteogenesis using the linear rail system (LRS) may be a useful tool in bridging such defects in our environment. Objective: To study the radiologic bone union, functional outcome and complications of distraction osteogenesis in the management of femoral bone gap using linear rail system (LRS). Methodology: A hospital based prospective interventional study conducted at National Orthopaedic Hospital, Dala and Albarka clinic, Dandishe, Kano, between March 2013 and March 2018. Sixty-eight cases were recruited. Every patient had LRS applied after adequate debridement when needed. Primary or interval corticotomy was done depending on the extent of soft tissue dissection in relation to the corticotomy site. Follow up was done until the regenerate had corticalized and LRS removed. Complications were noted and recorded. Radiologic union and functional outcome were assessed using the RUST and ASAMI outcome scores respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Sixty-eight cases were recruited with M: F ratio of 16: 1. The mean age was 36.7 +/- 10.5years. The age range between 36-45years was more commonly treated representing 34(50.0%). Primary corticotomy was done in 52 (76.5%) while interval corticotomy was done in 16 (23.5%). The mean regenerate length achieved was 9.6 +/- 2.7cm. The mean duration of treatment was 20.3 +/- 6 months. Radiologic union was achieved in 66 (97.1%) patients. Sixty-four (94.1%) had excellent or good ASAMI functional outcome scores. Sixty-six (97.1%) were either very satisfied or satisfied with their treatment while 2 (2.9%) were indifferent. The common complications were intermittent pin tract infections recorded in 28 (41.2%), knee stiffness in 18 (26.5), proximal or distal varus deformity in 10 (14.7%) and non-union in 2 (2.9%) of cases. Conclusion: Distraction osteogenesis using LRS can achieve bone union and excellent outcome in the management of bone gap in the femur. However, intermittent pin tract infection, knee stiffness and varus deformities post significant challenges.
Effect of Massage Before or After Exercise on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in a Rat Model
Authors: Li Feng-lei
Published: February 2023

Background: Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), also known as tenderness of touch, refers to the pain caused by muscle mechanical stimulation, such as contraction and stretching. Chinese massage has been widely used in the treatment of sports fatigue and sports injury, but there is controversy in the efficacy. In this experiment, we established DOMS model in rats to observe the prevention and treatment effect of massage, to find the best time for intervention, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of exercise fatigue. Methods: 130 male SD(sprague-dawley, SD) healthy rats were randomly divided into blank group, control group and massage group. Except for blank group, the other rats received DOMS model. Professionals applied kneading and twisting methods on both lower limbs of rats. The expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 in skeletal muscle of rats were determined by western blot, PCR and ELISA, and the content of serum creatine kinase was determined by ELISA. In addition, we measured the concentration of Ca2+, Ca2+-ATPase in mitochondria of skeletal muscle. The changes of skeletal muscle structure were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: After massage, the expression of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and CK decreased compared with control group (P < 0.01), the expression of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 in post massage group was lower than that in front massage group (P < 0.01), and the content of CK in front massage group was lower than that in post massage group(P < 0.01). The content of Ca2+ in front massage 24, 48 and 72h group was lower than that in post massage (P < 0.01), the concentration of Ca2+-ATPase in front massage 24h and 72h group was lower than that in post massage group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Massage can prevent the injury of muscle and reduce the inflammatory reaction of muscle after exercise. It can also improve the activity of Ca2+-ATPase, enhance the transport of Ca2+ by mitochondria and protect the skeletal muscle.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Patient Reported Outcome and Return to Work after Surgical vs Non-Surgical Mid Shaft Humerus Fracture
Authors: NN Hakeem
Published: February 2023

Background: Several recent reviews demonstrate that in patients with humeral shaft fractures, surgical therapy has lesser risks of non-union, mal-union, and re-intervention than non-surgical therapy. These positive clinical outcomes of the surgical approach make it a preferable treatment option despite the risks of radial nerve palsy and additional surgery-related risk. We aimed to evaluate patients' outcomes and return to work after surgical vs. non-surgical management of shaft humeral fracture. Methods: We used databases, including PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials from 2010 to January 2022 to search potential randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing the patients' related outcome measures and return to work between surgical and non-surgical management of humerus fracture. Results: After carefully evaluating 1352 articles, we included three RCTs (232 patients) and one cohort study (39 patients). The surgical intervention used plate/ nail fixation, while the non-surgical intervention used splint or brace procedure to manage shaft humeral fracture. The pooled DASH effects of all three RCTs at six (M.D: -7.5 [-13.20, -1.89], P: 0.009) I2:44%) and 12 months (M.D: -1.32 [-3.82, 1.17], p:0.29, I2: 0%) were higher in patients treated surgically than in non-surgical procedures. The pooled constant Murley score at six (M.D: 7.945[2.77,13.10], P: 0.003) I2: 0%) and 12 months (M.D: 1.78 [-1.52, 5.09], P: 0.29, I2: 0%) were higher in patients who received non-surgical than surgical therapy. However, pooled analysis for patients returning to work for both groups remained inconclusive. Conclusion: Altogether, we found no significant evidence supporting the clinical benefits of surgical over non-surgical therapy. Thus, the non-surgical approach remains the preferred therapeutic choice for managing shaft humeral fractures due to its lesser side effects
Impact of Supplementation of Different Levels of Rumen Protected Fat on Productive Performance, Lipid Profile and Hot Carcass Characteristics in Fattening Sheep
Authors: G Krishnan
Published: February 2023

The present study was aimed at establishing an association between productive performance, lipid profile, and hot carcass quality in fattening sheep supplemented with different levels of rumen protected fat (RPF). Twenty-four adult ewes of 8 - 12 months of age were randomly divided into three groups with eight animals in each; one without supplementation (CSFA0); two supplementation groups (CSFA3 and CSFA5) that were supplemented with 3% and 5% additional RPF in the form of calcium salts of long chain fatty acids (CSFAs), respectively on dry matter intake (DMI). Productive performances and the blood lipid profile were evaluated at fortnightly intervals, and at the end of 60 days, animals were slaughtered and hot carcass characteristics were recorded. Body condition score (BCS) was higher (P<0.05) in CSFA3 and CSFA5 sheep fed with 3% and 5% additional fat by 34.17% and 37.40%, respectively than CSFA0. The average daily gain (ADG) was higher (P<0.05) in sheep fed with CSFAs by 1.51-1.65-fold and enhanced live body weight (LBW) in the CSFA3 and CSFA5 groups by 11.36% and 14.48%, respectively. Plasma HDL and LDL concentrations were higher (P<0.05) in CSFA3 and CSFA5 sheep supplemented with additional RPF. Inclusion of CSFAs in the diet increased (P<0.05) fatness score of hot carcasses in CSFA3 and CSFA5 by 26.19% and 59.52%, respectively. Hot carcass weight (HCW), separable fat, neck, shoulder, flank and breast weights, and carcass compact index (CCI) were higher (P<0.05) in supplementation groups, which increased the dressing percentage (DP) by 3.21% to 3.68%. The BCS, LBW, slaughter weight, separable fat, fore and hind saddle weights were positively (P<0.01) associated with the HCW. Further, HCW, shoulder, and chest circumferences showed a positive (P<0.01) correlation with CCI and DP. The results of the current study concluded that supplementation of 3% and 5% CSFAs improved BCS, ADG, and LBW which enhanced the hot carcass characteristics and quality with an extra DP of 3.21 to 3.68%. However, we were unable to discern a discernible change in productive performance and hot carcass features between 3% and 5% administration of CSFAs. Therefore, inclusion of a 7% (basal diet 4% + 3% supplementation) source of lipids or fat on DMI is preferred for maximizing the desired productive performance and hot carcass quality in fattening sheep.