bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Graph Drawing Scheme for Social Network
Authors: Wang Eric Ke , Zou Futai
Published: July 2014

With the development of social networks, people have started to use social network tools to record their life and work more and more frequently. How to analyze social networks to explore potential characteristics and trend of social events has been a hot research topic. In order to analyze it effectively, a kind of techniques called information visualization is employed to extract the potential information from the large scale of social network data and present the information briefly as visualized graphs. In the process of information visualization, graph drawing is a crucial part. In this paper, we study the graph layout algorithms and propose a new graph drawing scheme combining multilevel and single-level drawing approaches, including the graph division method based on communities and refining approach based on partitioning strategy. Besides, we compare the effectiveness of our scheme and FM3in experiments. The experiment results show that our scheme can achieve a clearer diagram and effectively extract the community structure of the social network to be applied to drawing schemes.
Advances in Propulsive Bionic Feet and Their Actuation Principles
Authors: Cherelle Pierre , Mathijssen Glenn , Wang Qining , Vanderborght Bram , Lefeber Dirk
Published: July 2014

In the past decades, researchers have deeply studied pathological and nonpathological gait to understand the human ankle function during walking. These efforts resulted in the development of new lower limb prosthetic devices aiming at raising the 3C-level (control, comfort, and cosmetics) of amputees. Thanks to the technological advances in engineering and mechatronics, challenges in the field of prosthetics have become an important source of interest for roboticists. Currently, most of the bionic feet are still on a research level but show promising results and a preview of tomorrow's commercial prosthetic devices. In this paper, the authors present the current state-of-the-art and the latest advances in propulsive bionic feet with its actuation principles. The context of this review study is outlined followed by a brief description of the basics in human biomechanics and criteria for new prosthetic designs. A new categorization based on the actuation principle of propulsive ankle-foot prostheses is proposed. Based on simulations, the general principles and benefits of each actuation method are explained. The corresponding latest advances in propulsive bionic feet are presented together with their main characteristics and scientific outcomes. The authors also propose to the reader a comparison analysis of the presented devices with a discussion of the general tendencies in new prosthetic feet.
Factors Associated with Adherence to an End-of-Study Biopsy: Lessons from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (SWOG-Coordinated Intergroup Study S9217)
Authors: Gritz Ellen R. , Arnold Kathryn B. , Moinpour Carol M. , Burton-Chase Allison M. , Tangen Catherine M. , Probstfield Jeffrey F. , See William A. , Lieber Michael M. , Caggiano Vincent , Moody-Thomas Sarah , Szczepanek Connie , Ryan Anne , Carlin Susie , Hill Shannon , Goodman Phyllis J. , Padberg Rose Mary , Minasian Lori M. , Meyskens Frank L. , Thompson Ian M.
Published: July 2014

Background: The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) was a 7-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of finasteride for the prevention of prostate cancer with a primary outcome of histologically determined prevalence of prostate cancer at the end of 7 years.

Methods: A systematic modeling process using logistic regression identified factors available at year 6 that are associated with end-of-study (EOS) biopsy adherence at year 7, stratified by whether participants were ever prompted for a prostate biopsy by year 6. Final models were evaluated for discrimination. At year 6, 13,590 men were available for analysis.

Results: Participants were more likely to have the EOS biopsy if they were adherent to study visit schedules and procedures and/or were in good health (P < 0.01). Participants at larger sites and/or sites that received retention and adherence grants were also more likely to have the EOS biopsy (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Our results show good adherence to study requirements 1 year before the EOS biopsy was associated with greater odds that a participant would comply with the invasive EOS requirement.

Impact: Monitoring adherence behaviors may identify participants at risk of nonadherence to more demanding study end points. Such information could help frame adherence intervention strategies in future trials. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(8); 1638–48. ©2014 AACR.
Physicians' Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Recommendations in the Context of Permissive Guidelines for Male Patients: A National Study
Authors: Malo Teri L. , Giuliano Anna R. , Kahn Jessica A. , Zimet Gregory D. , Lee Ji-Hyun , Zhao Xiuhua , Vadaparampil Susan T.
Published: July 2014

Background: Little is known about physicians' human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine recommendations for males while the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' (ACIP) permissive guidelines for male vaccination were in effect. The purpose of this study was to examine and explore factors associated with U.S. physicians' HPV vaccine recommendations to early (ages 11–12), middle (13–17), and late adolescent/young adult (18–26) males.

Methods: Nationally representative samples of family physicians and pediatricians were selected in 2011 (n = 1,219). Physicians reported the frequency with which they recommended HPV vaccine to male patients [“always” (>75% of the time) vs. other] for each age group. Statistically significant predictors of vaccine recommendation were identified using multivariable logistic regression.

Results: The prevalence of physicians reporting they “always” recommended HPV vaccination for males was 10.8% for ages 11 to 12, 12.9% for ages 13 to 17, and 13.2% for ages 18 to 26. Pediatrician specialty and self-reported early adoption of new vaccines were significantly associated with recommendation for all patient age groups. In addition, physician race and patient payment method were associated with physician recommendations to patients ages 11 to 12, and patient race was associated with recommendations to ages 13 to 17 and 18 to 26.

Conclusions: Less than 15% of physicians surveyed reported “always” recommending HPV vaccine to male patients following national guidelines for permissive vaccination. Vaccine financing may have affected physicians' vaccine recommendations.

Impact: If these recommendation practices continue following the ACIP's routine recommendation for males in October 2011, then interventions designed to increase recommendations should target family physicians and possibly use early adopters to encourage support of HPV vaccination guidelines. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2126–35. ©2014 AACR.
O acolhimento hegeliano do pensamento antinômico na época de Jena
Authors: Werle Marco Aurélio
Published: July 2014

Trata-se de acompanhar a constituição do pensamento antinômico na filosofia de Hegel da época de Jena (1801-1806), a partir de uma abordagem do começo do Differenzschrift. Refletindo sobre o legado da filosofia de Kant no idealismo, Hegel situará a natureza negativa da filosofia a partir de seu duplo modo de afirmação (universal e particular), desde o seio da cultura, na atividade do entendimento e da razão (da parte e do todo) enquanto dupla reflexão: isolada e geral.
Bridge-to-Decision Therapy With a Continuous-Flow External Ventricular Assist Device in Refractory Cardiogenic Shock of Various Causes
Authors: Takayama Hiroo , Soni Lori , Kalesan Bindu , Truby Lauren K. , Ota Takeyoshi , Cedola Sophia , Khalpey Zain , Uriel Nir , Colombo Paolo , Mancini Donna M. , Jorde Ulrich P. , Naka Yoshifumi
Published: July 2014

Background—

Mortality for refractory cardiogenic shock remains high. In this patient cohort, there have been mixed results in mechanical circulatory support device use as a bridge-to-decision therapy. We evaluated a continuous-flow external ventricular assist device (VAD), CentriMag VAD (Thoratec Corp., Pleasanton, CA), in patients with various causes of refractory cardiogenic shock.

Methods and Results—

This is a retrospective review of adult patients who underwent surgical CentriMag VAD insertion as bridge-to-decision therapy. From January 2007 through June 2012, 143 patients received CentriMag VAD. The cause of refractory cardiogenic shock was failure of medical management in 71 patients, postcardiotomy shock in 37, graft failure post–heart transplantation in 22, and right ventricular failure post–implantable left VAD in 13. Mean age was 52±16 years, and 71% were in INTERMACS (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support) profile 1. Among 158 device runs, device configuration was BiVAD in 67%, isolated right VAD in 26%, and isolated left VAD in 8%. Median duration of support was 14 days (interquartile range, 8–26). Survival was 69% at 30 days and 49% at 1 year. The next destination after the CentriMag VAD was myocardial recovery in 30%, device exchange to an implantable VAD in 15%, and heart transplantation in 18%. The failure of medical management and the graft failure post–heart transplantation groups had higher 30-day survival compared with the postcardiotomy shock group. Major bleeding events occurred in 33% and cerebrovascular accidents in 14%. There was no CentriMag pump failure or thrombosis.

Conclusions—

Bridge-to-decision therapy with CentriMag VAD is feasible in a variety of refractory cardiogenic shock settings. Patients with postcardiotomy shock have inferior survival.
Risk Score to Predict Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Ji Ruijun , Shen Haipeng , Pan Yuesong , Du Wanliang , Wang Penglian , Liu Gaifen , Wang Yilong , Li Hao , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yongjun , Bi Qi , Zhang Weiwei , Cui Liying , Sun Yuheng , He Maolin , Fan Dongsheng , Ji Xunming , Li Jimei , Zhang Fang , Feng Kai , Zhang Xiaojun , Li Yansheng , Wang Shaoshi , Fan Wei , Liu Zhenguo , Sun Xiaojiang , Li Wei , Liu Jianrong , Chen Xu , Bai Qingke , Gu Dexiang , Li Xin , Dong Qiang , Cheng Yan , Yu Lan , Li Bin , Wang Tongyu , Zhao Kun , Zhang Chaodong , Tao Dingbo , Yin Lin , Qu Fang , Zhang Jingbo , Wang Jianfeng , Lian Ying , Qu Fang , Fan Jun , Gao Ying , Cheng Mingdong , Wu Jiang , Sun Huashan , Li Jinying , Li Guozhong , Zhu Yulan , Yang Zichao , Yang Fengmin , Zhou Jun , Guo Minxia , Li Zhengyi , Ma Qilin , Huang Renbin , Xiao Bo , Chen Kangning , Qin Xinyue , Hu Changlin , Gao Li , Zeng Jinsheng , Xu Anding , Zhang Xiong , Shao Ming , Qi Feng , Xiao Weimin , Zhang Suping , Pan Xiaoping , Pan Suyue , Cai Yefeng , Wan Qi , Xu Yun , Ke KaiFu , Kong Yuenan , Di Qing , Shao Fengyang , Jiang Yajun , Wang Daming , Guo Li , Xue Wencui
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—

We aimed to develop a risk score (intracerebral hemorrhage–associated pneumonia score, ICH-APS) for predicting hospital-acquired stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) after ICH.

Methods—

The ICH-APS was developed based on the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR), in which eligible patients were randomly divided into derivation (60%) and validation (40%) cohorts. Variables routinely collected at presentation were used for predicting SAP after ICH. For testing the added value of hematoma volume measure, we separately developed 2 models with (ICH-APS-B) and without (ICH-APS-A) hematoma volume included. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and integrated discrimination index were used to assess model discrimination, calibration, and reclassification, respectively.

Results—

The SAP was 16.4% and 17.7% in the overall derivation (n=2998) and validation (n=2000) cohorts, respectively. A 23-point ICH-APS-A was developed based on a set of predictors and showed good discrimination in the overall derivation (AUROC, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.77) and validation (AUROC, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.79) cohorts. The ICH-APS-A was more sensitive for patients with length of stay >48 hours (AUROC, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.81) than those with length of stay <48 hours (AUROC, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.73). The ICH-APS-A was well calibrated (Hosmer–Lemeshow test) in the derivation (
P
=0.20) and validation (
P
=0.66) cohorts. Similarly, a 26-point ICH-APS-B was established. The ICH-APS-A and ICH-APS-B were not significantly different in discrimination and reclassification for SAP after ICH.

Conclusion—

The ICH-APSs are valid risk scores for predicting SAP after ICH, especially for patients with length of stay >48 hours.
The Fading Exceptionalism of American Political Parties?: Evidence from Party Allocation Decisions
Authors: Baker Anne E.
Published: July 2014

Using qualitative comparative analysis to mirror the decision-framework employed by the leaders of the Democratic and Republican congressional campaign committees, I demonstrate party leaders simultaneously consider multiple factors when they decide how to distribute their party’s limited resources to candidates. In contrast to studies, which characterize American party organizations as strategically pragmatic rather than ideologically motivated like parties in many other countries, I find the congressional candidate’s ideology is an increasingly important criterion for the receipt of party support as politics in the United States becomes more polarized.
Upscale Energy Transfer by the Vortical Mode and Internal Waves
Authors: Brunner-Suzuki Anne-Marie E. G. , Sundermeyer Miles A. , Lelong M.-Pascale
Published: July 2014

Diapycnal mixing in the ocean is sporadic yet ubiquitous, leading to patches of mixing on a variety of scales. The adjustment of such mixed patches can lead to the formation of vortices and other small-scale geostrophic motions, which are thought to enhance lateral diffusivity. If vortices are densely populated, they can interact and merge, and upscale energy transfer can occur. Vortex interaction can also be modified by internal waves, thus impacting upscale transfer. Numerical experiments were used to study the effect of a large-scale near-inertial internal wave on a field of submesoscale vortices. While one might expect a vertical shear to limit the vertical scale of merging vortices, it was found that internal wave shear did not disrupt upscale energy transfer. Rather, under certain conditions, it enhanced upscale transfer by enhancing vortex–vortex interaction. If vortices were so densely populated that they interacted even in the absence of a wave, adding a forced large-scale wave enhanced the existing upscale transfer. Results further suggest that continuous forcing by the main driving mechanism (either vortices or internal waves) is necessary to maintain such upscale transfer. These findings could help to improve understanding of the direction of energy transfer in submesoscale oceanic processes.
Classification of creep crack and cavitation sites in tempered martensite ferritic steel microstructures using MTEX toolbox for EBSD
Authors: Yardley V. A. , Fahimi S. , Payton E. J.
Published: July 2014

Tempered martensite ferritic steels exhibit a complex, hierarchical microstructure. Previous work has demonstrated the utility of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis methods to classify crack and cavitation sites in terms of the substructural units and their boundaries. However, manual, interactive application of such methods is time consuming. The open-source MTEX toolbox for MATLAB allows scripting and automation of EBSD data analysis procedures. Here we present a validation of MTEX-based methods for identification of prior austenite grains, blocks and packets against the results of manual analysis for two example datasets, one exhibiting cracking and the other, cavitation.
Identification of novel glycosyl hydrolases with cellulolytic activity against crystalline cellulose from metagenomic libraries constructed from bacterial enrichment cultures
Authors: Mori Toshio , Kamei Ichiro , Hirai Hirofumi , Kondo Ryuichiro
Published: July 2014

To obtain cellulases that are capable of degrading crystalline cellulose and cedar wood, metagenomic libraries were constructed from raw soil sample which was covered to pile of cedar wood sawdust or from its enrichment cultures. The efficiency of screening of metagenomic library was improved more than 3 times by repeating enrichment cultivation using crystalline cellulose as a carbon source, compared with the library constructed from raw soil. Four cellulase genes were obtained from the metagenomic libraries that were constructed from the total genome extracted from an enrichment culture that used crystalline cellulose as a carbon source. A cellulase gene and a xylanase gene were obtained from the enrichment culture that used unbleached kraft pulp as a carbon source. The culture supernatants of Escherichia coli expressing three clones that were derived from the enrichment culture that used crystalline cellulose showed activity against crystalline cellulose. In addition, these three enzyme solutions generated a reducing sugar from cedar wood powder. From these results, the construction of a metagenomic library from cultures that were repetition enriched using crystalline cellulose demonstrated that this technique is a powerful tool for obtaining cellulases that have activity toward crystalline cellulose.
A new device for continuous assessment of gut perfusion: proof of concept on a porcine model of septic shock
Authors: Jacquet-Lagrèze Matthias , Bonnet-Garin Jeanne-Marie , Allaouchiche Bernard , Vassal Olivia , Restagno Damien , Paquet Christian , Ayoub Jean-Yves , Etienne Jérôme , Vandenesch François , Daulwader Olivier , Junot Stéphane
Published: July 2014

Introduction

We evaluate an innovative device consisting of an enteral feeding tube equipped with a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor in contact with the duodenal mucosa. This study aims to determine if the PPG signal, composed of a continuous (PDC) and a pulsatile part (PAC), is a reliable method to assess gut perfusion in a porcine model of septic shock.

Method

Fourteen piglets were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. They were randomly assigned to two groups: the nonseptic (NS) group received an infusion of Ringer’s lactate solution (RL) alone, the septic (S) group received in addition a suspension of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Heart rate (HR), pulse oximetry (SpO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI) and serum lactates were recorded and gut microcirculation (GM) was monitored with a laser Doppler probe applied on the duodenal serosa. PDC and PAC were given by the PPG probe inserted in the duodenum. Data was collected every 15 minutes (t0, t15…) during 150 minutes (t150). After administration of the bacteria suspension (t0), resuscitation maneuvers were performed following a defined algorithm. GM PAC, and PDC were expressed as variation from baseline (GMvar, PACvar, PDCvar). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was performed to compare hemodynamic variables, with Bonferroni correction as post hoc analysis on t0, t60 and t150.

Results

One piglet was withdrawn from analysis due to a defective probe. S group (six piglets) received resuscitation therapy while NS group (seven piglets) did not. A significant group effect was found for the all parameters except HR. Post hoc analysis found a significant decrease for GM and PAC at t60. The correlation between PAC, PDC and microcirculatory parameters were as follows: rPACvar-GMvar = 0.496, P <0.001, rPDCvar-GMvar = 0.244; P = 0.002. In the septic group, correlations were as follows: rPAC-lactate = -0.772, P <0.001; rPDC-lactate = -0.681, P <0.01). At the onset of shock, a decrease of PAC, PDC and GM occurred before the alteration of MAP.

Conclusions

PAC and PDC decreased at the onset of shock and were correlated with GM and lactate. These results confirm that PPG signal reliably reflects the early perfusion alteration of the gut. Further studies should assess the clinical use of this device.
A systems-level approach to understanding transcriptional regulation by p53 during mammalian hibernation
Authors: Pan Peipei , Treat Michael D. , van Breukelen Frank
Published: July 2014

Presumably to conserve energy, many mammals enter into hibernation during the winter. Homeostatic processes such as transcription and translation are virtually arrested. To further elucidate transcriptional regulation during hibernation, we studied the transcription factor p53. Here, we demonstrate that changes in liver mRNA and protein concentrations of known regulators of p53 are consistent with activation. p53 mRNA and protein concentrations are unrelated. Importantly, p53 protein concentration is increased ~2-fold during the interbout arousal that punctuates bouts of torpor. As a result, both the interbout arousal and the torpid state are characterized by high levels of nuclear-localized p53. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that p53 binds DNA during the winter. Furthermore, p53 recruits RNA polymerase II, as indicated by nuclear run-on data. However, and consistent with previous data indicating an arrest of transcriptional elongation during torpor, p53 ‘activity’ does not result in expected changes in target gene transcripts. These data demonstrate the importance of using a systems level-approach in understanding a complex phenotype such as mammalian hibernation. Relying on interpretations of data that are based on steady-state regulation in other systems may be misleading in the context of non-steady-state conditions such as torpor.
Territorial Organization of Social Services in Central Russia: Shaping Features and Growth Drivers
Authors: Бельчук  , Byelchuk YElyena , Мариен  , Mariyen Lyudmila
Published: July 2014

The paper considers several issues concerning spatial organization and

development of social services at both macro- and meso-levels; reveals how

various social services branches affect economic activities of territories of

differing ranks, which plays a decisive role in human resources reproduction

and helps to improve life quality of people, involved directly in shaping human

capital of the society. The role of Central Russia and its constituent regions in

shaping and running the national social services system is highlighted; drivers

of social services territorial organization at the national state nucleus are

examined. Also the author defines directions for further development of social

services at the macro-region level, conducive to improving performance within

all economic sectors.
State Innovation Policy of Russia: Hindsight Study
Authors: Кальянов  , Kalyanov Aleksandr
Published: July 2014

The paper provides a hindsight study of Russia’s state innovation policy over

the past decade. Based on domestic scientists’ research findings, the author

argues, that it is impossible to boost competitiveness of Russia’s economy

without enhancing the prestige of scientific and technological and innovative

activities and ranking these activities among the state highest priorities. Thus

the uniform innovations policy needs to be elaborated to boost competitiveness

of domestic manufacturers. Development and improvement of legislation

should become the main tool to be used to facilitate elaboration of uniform state

innovation policy and to establish conditions favorable for scientific and

technological and innovative activities.
Tight Lower Bounds on the Sizes of Symmetric Extensions of Permutahedra and Similar Results
Authors: Pashkovich Kanstantsin
Published: July 2014

It is well known that the permutahedron Πn has 2n − 2 facets. The Birkhoff polytope provides a symmetric extended formulation of Πn of size Θ(n2). Recently, Goemans described a non-symmetric extended formulation of Πn of size Θ(n log n). In this paper, we prove that Ω(n2) is a lower bound for the size of symmetric extended formulations of Πn. Moreover, we prove that the cardinality indicating polytope has the same tight lower bounds for the sizes of symmetric and nonsymmetric extended formulations as the permutahedron.
We're going on a bug hunt
Authors: Smith Sue
Published: July 2014

What better way to learn about the world than through first hand experience of searching for creepy crawlies? A bug hunt is the perfect opportunity to develop learning across the EYFS, says Sue Smith.
Let the magic unfold
Authors: Barber Jenny
Published: July 2014

While most practitioners are aware of Elinor Goldschmeid's pioneering theories around treasure baskets and heuristic play, Jenny Barber re-examines her ideas in the context of practice today.
How you can say it all
Authors: Chapman Ailsa
Published: July 2014

Ailsa Chapman suggests ways to make the displays in your setting stand out by being creative with signage.
Happy on our holidays
Authors: Harries Jude
Published: July 2014

If you're going away with your child over the holidays, the journeys can be a challenge – young children quickly get bored! Jude Harries also offers things to do if the weather isn't great or you're staying at home.
Down on the farm
Authors: Trundle Holly
Published: July 2014

Sow the seeds for physical development through a ‘Fields and Farming’ theme and reap the rewards of more coordinated limbs, nimbler fingers and stronger sensory skills! Try these ideas by Holly Trundle.
Make marvellous music
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: July 2014

Lynn Garner's series on creative jobs moves on to musicians. Encourage children to explore and make different types of sound while looking at a range of genres of music. These activities will help develop motor skills too.
Ant Communities along a Gradient of Plant Succession in Mexican Tropical Coastal Dunes
Authors: Rojas Patricia , Fragoso Carlos , Mackay William P
Published: July 2014

Most of Mexican coastal dunes from the Gulf of Mexico have been severely disturbed by human activities. In the state of Veracruz, the La Mancha Reserve is a very well preserved coastal community of sand dunes, where plant successional gradients are determined by topography. In this study we assessed species richness, diversity and faunal composition of ant assemblages in four plant physiognomies along a gradient of plant succession: grassland, shrub, deciduous forest and subdeciduous forest. Using standardized and non-standardized sampling methods we found a total of 121 ant species distributed in 41 genera and seven subfamilies. Grassland was the poorest site (21 species) and subdeciduous forest the richest (102 species). Seven species, with records in ≥10% of samples, accounted 40.8% of total species occurrences: Solenopsis molesta (21.6%), S. geminata (19.5%), Azteca velox (14%), Brachymyrmex sp. 1LM (11.7%), Dorymyrmex bicolor (11.2%), Camponotus planatus (11%) and Pheidole susannae (10.7%). Faunal composition between sites was highly different. Nearly 40% of all species were found in a single site. In all sites but grassland we found high abundances of several species typical of disturbed ecosystems, indicating high levels of disturbance. A species similarity analysis clustered forests in one group and grassland and shrub in another, both groups separated by more than 60% of dissimilarity. Similarity of ant assemblages suggests that deciduous and subdeciduous forests represent advanced stages of two different and independent successional paths.
Response of Ants to the Leafhopper Dalbulus quinquenotatus DeLong & Nault (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Extrafloral Nectaries Following Fire
Authors: Moya-Raygoza Gustavo , Larsen Kirk J.
Published: July 2014

Previous investigations of mutualistic associations between ants and plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) or between ants and trophobiont leafhoppers have studied these relationships separately, but nothing is known on how ant abundance responds to these two food resources occurring in the same habitat when that habitat is disturbed by fire. The objectives of this study are to document ant abundance with the trophobiont five-spotted gamagrass leafhopper, Dalbulus quinquenotatus DeLong & Nault, and with EFNs on trees of Acacia pennatula (Schlecht & Cham.) Benth. (Fabaceae) that occur in the same habitat, and how ant abundance in both of these mutualisms is affected after disturbance by fire. This study was performed at several sites in central Mexico where the perennial gamagrass Tripsacum dactyloides L. (Gramminae) and A. pennatula both occur. More ants were collected in association with the leafhopper D. quinquenotatus than with EFNs of A. pennatula. At sites where dry season fire occurred, new green leaves were produced by both T. dactyloides and A. pennatula after the burn. On these new leaves after fire, significantly more ants tended D. quinquenotatus leafhoppers on T. dactyloides than visited EFNs on A. pennatula. In burned sites the ants Anoplolepis gracilipes Smith, Brachymyrmex obscurior Forel and Pheidole sp. live in association with the leafhoppers, whereas EFNs on A. pennatula were associated with the ants A. gracilipes, B. obscurior, Camponotus sp., Crematogaster sp. and Solenopsis sp.
Richness of Termites and Ants in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil
Authors: Diehl Elena , Diehl-Fleig Eduardo , De Albuquerque Emília Zoppas , Junqueira Luciane Kern
Published: July 2014

Previous studies on the effects of environmental factors, such as altitude, latitude, temperature, deforestation, forest fragmentation, fire, and flood on the community structure of termites and ants were conducted in various regions of Brazil; few of them were carried out in the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Here we describe termites and ants diversity at different sites along the four geomorphologic units of this state. We recorded 16 taxa of termites, of which three are new state records, increasing to 19 the number of termite species known to occur in the state. Accordingly, we also found 73 species and 115 morphospecies of ants, of which only one was a new record, raising to 265 taxa the number of ant species known to occur in the state. As expected, we found a higher species richness of ants than termites. The low richness of both groups relative to other Brazilian regions could be a consequence of the subtropical to temperate climate in the state, since most portions of the state are below 30o latitude, the study areas be above 500 m altitude, and other environmental characteristics of each site. We suggest a positive relationship between species richness of termites and altitude, while ant richness indicated an inverse relationship. However, our data are not conclusive, due to the low number of replications in each altitude, particularly for termites. This study is unique in presenting an updated checklist of termites and ants in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Does ant richness and composition respond to phytophysiognomical complexity and seasonality in xeric environments?
Authors: Silva Emerson Mota , Medina Anderson Matos , Nascimento Ivan Cardoso , Lopes Priscila Paixão , Carvalho Karine S. , Santos Gilberto M. M.
Published: July 2014

This study aims to analyze how the vegetation structure (physiognomy) and seasonal changes between seasons (wet and dry) influence richness, diversity and composition of ant species of arboreal and shrubby Caatinga environments. The vegetation structure was significantly different among the three strata for all parameters (mean diameter of vegetation, level of herbaceous cover, degree of coverage and thickness of litter and percentage of canopy cover). We collected 127 ant species. The mean number of species was approximately two times higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. There was no difference in species richness between the arboreal and shrubby Caatinga physiognomies nor interaction between season and physiognomy. Despite the similarity in richness, species composition differed between physiognomies, however we found no difference in composition between seasons. The seasonal differentiation may be mainly related to the variation in the overall numbers of individuals circulating in the environment, since the enhancement of resource availability during rainy season allows the colony to grow or expand foraging activities, which increases local diversity. Water restriction explains the limited diversity in both environments, while the occurrence of species with greater resource specificity may determine differences in ant composition. Differences in composition of each of Caatinga's physiognomy enhance beta diversity, therefore, raising the overall diversity in the Caatinga Domain.
Coexistence Patterns Between Ants And Spiders In Grassland Habitats
Authors: Rákóczi András Márton , Samu Ferenc
Published: July 2014

The ecological importance of both ants and spiders is well known, as well as the relationship between certain spiders and ants. The two main strategies ˗ myrmecomorphy (ant-mimicking) and myrmecophagy (ant-eating) ˗ that connect spiders to ants have been mostly studied at the behavioural level. However, less is known about how these relationships manifest at the ecological level by shaping the distribution of populations and assemblages. Our question was how ant-mimicking and ant-eating spiders associate with ant genera as revealed by field co-occurrence patterns. For both spider groups we examined strength and specificity of the association, and how it is affected by ant size and defence strategy. To study spider-ant association patterns we carried out pitfall sampling on the dolomitic Sas Hill located in Budapest, Hungary. Spiders and ants were collected at eight grassland locations by operating five pitfalls/location continuously for two years. To find co-occurrence patterns, two approaches were used: correlation analyses to uncover possible spider-ant pairs, and null-model analyses (C-score) to show negative associations. These alternative statistical methods revealed consistent co-occurrence patterns. Associations were generally broad, not specific to exact ant genera. Ant-eating spiders showed a stronger association with ants. Both ant-mimicking and ant-eating spiders associated more strongly with Formicine ants - species with formic acid or anal gland secretions, and had neutral association with Myrmicine ants - species with stings and cuticle defences.
Pollinator Sharing in Specialized Bee Pollination Systems: a Test with the Synchronopatric Lip Flowers of Centrosema Benth (Fabaceae)
Authors: Ramalho Mauro , Silva Maise , Carvalho Gilson
Published: July 2014

Bee-pollinated lip flowers of two synchronopatric species of Centrosema were used as models to examine the influence of specialized pollination systems on the ecological mechanisms of pollinator sharing. Regression analysis of bee abundances in the habitat on bee abundances on C. pubescens flowers was significant (r = 0.69; P = 0.001) and became very consistent and highly significant (r = 0.87; P = 0.00001) using a size threshold of bee pollinators longer than 15mm. These same relationships were not significant (P > 0.01), however, for C. brasilianum flowers. The structures of the two pollination systems also sustained the hypothesis of a size threshold for pollinators, although only the C. pubescens-bees interactions sustained the hypothesis of random interactions proportional to species abundances in the habitat. The flower visitor pools of the two plant species shared the same four main bee guilds: the pollinators Centridini, Xylocopa, and Euglossini and the primary nectar robber Oxaea. However, a significant divergence (P < 0.01) was detected between the two systems when the abundances and behaviors (pollinators or cheaters) of the main shared flower visitors were incorporated into the overall quantitative analysis (NMDS). The flowers size differences are not significant (P > 0.05) and could not explain these divergences. Particularly, the concentrations of the largest pollinators Eulaema and Xylocopa on C. pubescens flowers and the behavior shift of Centridini bees that act as legitimate pollinators in C. pubescens and as nectar robbers in C. brasilianum are better understood as functional foraging responses triggered by the synchronopatry and by nectar volume differences (P = 0.001) between both lip flowers. Paradoxically, the robbery activity of Centridini bees arises as a supply side effect of smaller nectar volume in C. brasilianum flowers.
Reproductive Status of the social wasp Polistes versicolor (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Authors: Torres Viviana O. , Sguarizi-Antonio Denise , Lima Sandro Marcio , Andrade Luis Humberto da Cunha , Antonialli-Junior William Fernando
Published: July 2014

A fundamental feature in the evolution of social insects is the separation of castes, and the presence of wide differentiation between castes indicates a more advanced degree of sociability. In this study, we evaluated factors that indicate the reproductive status of females in colonies of the social wasp Polistes versicolor. The reproductive status of each female was examined by measuring nine morphometric characters, by the cuticular chemical profile, insemination and by her relative age. We conclude that in P. versicolor colonies there are 3 female groups that show cuticular chemical profile difference. The first group belong to females with ovarioles filamentous, typical of workers; the second is females with ovarioles intermediates; and the third is a group of queens, which are older females, inseminated and with greater degree of ovarian development found among all females. On the other hand, there was no significant morphological differences between these female groups. Therefore, although no significant morphological differences among females there are other factors such as the cuticular chemical composition that is an indicative of reproductive physiological condition of female in the colony.
Presence of Strepsiptera Parasites in the Independent-founding Wasp, Polistes satan
Authors: Kudô Kazuyuki , Komatsu Kazuma , Mateus Sidnei , Zucchi Ronaldo , Nascimento Fabio
Published: July 2014

Although the paper wasp genus, Polistes, has been examined extensively, little is known about the occurrence of parasitism in this group. We detected the obligate parasitic insect group, Strepsiptera in the gaster of Polistes satan Bequaert adult females. By dissecting 161 adult females from 24 colonies, we identified a total of four stylopized wasps in three colonies during the wet season.
Reviews
Authors: Blackwood Robert , Brüning Angela , Majumdar Margaret A. , Majumdar Margaret A. , Parris David L. , Parris David L. , Thannoo Babita , Vété-Congolo Hanétha
Published: July 2014

Language Conflict in Algeria: from colonialism to post-independence, Mohamed Benrabah (2013) Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 216 pp., ISBN: 9781847969640, h/bk, £69.95.

Le Roman-Monde d’Edouard Glissant: Totalisation et tautologie, Katell Colin (2008) Laval: Les Presses de l’Université Laval, 311 pp., ISBN: 9780763787688, p/pbk, out of print.

L’Autre Francophonie, Joanna Nowicki and Catherine Mayaux (eds) (2012) Paris: Honoré Champion Éditeur, 347 pp., ISBN: 9782745324085, ISN: 1169-2952, h/bk, €55

The Body Besieged. The Embodiment of Historical Memory in Nina Bouraoui and Leïla Sebbar, Helen Vassallo (2012) Lanham, MD and Plymouth, UK: Lexington Books, 169 pp., ISBN: 9780739171424, h/bk, $80

Aventuriers et sédentaires. Parcours du roman québécois, Gauvin Lise (2012) Paris: Honoré Champion, 243 pp., ISBN: 9782745324139, €23.75, pbk

Passages et ancrages en France, Dictionnaire des écrivains migrants de langue française (1981–2011), Ursula Mathis-Moser and Birgit Mertz-Baumgartner (eds) (2012) Paris: Honoré Champion, 965 pp., ISBN: 9782745324009, €160, hbk

Different Drummers: Rhythm and Race in the Americas, By Martin Munro (2010) Berkeley: University of California Press, 280 + ix pp., ISBN: 9780520262836, p/bk, $29.95, £19.95

Negritude Agonistes, Assimilation against Nationalism in the French-speaking Caribbean and Guyane, Christian Filostrat (2008) Cherry Hill, NJ: Africana Homestead Legacy Publishers, 224 pp., ISBN: 9780981893990, p/bk, $50
Unspoken Desires: Lore as case study on shadow narrative
Authors: Nash Margot
Published: July 2014

This article explores the concept of a shadow narrative lying under the surface of the main film narrative through a case study of the 2012 film Lore. The film is based on the second story in Rachel Seiffert’s book The Dark Room. It was adapted for the screen by British screenwriter Robin Mukherjee and Australian director and screenwriter Cate Shortland. I will search for the structure of this narrative through an analysis of key emotional scenes, moments or spectral traces when the unspoken desires of the protagonist, Lore, surface and take form, when subtext becomes text and nothing is ever the same again. Using film analyst Paul Gulino’s argument that most narrative films consist of eight major sequences, each between eight and fifteen minutes, I will break the film into eight sequences and then identify one key emotional scene in each sequence. I will then analyse the eight key scenes and discuss the development of Lore’s shadow or unspoken narrative of desire. Some of these key scenes re-imagine or extend narrative moments from the book, but most are new, created by the screenwriters in order to make visible the invisible transformation of character and to heighten themes introduced in the first story in the book and brought to a resolution in the third.
The continuing story: Experiments with serial narrative in 1960s prime-time television
Authors: Murphy Caryn
Published: July 2014

This article examines innovations in prime-time narratives in US prime-time television in the 1960s, using archival evidence to trace the goals, concerns and conflicts of screenwriters and producers on series including The Defenders (CBS, 1961-65), The Fugitive (ABC, 1963-67), Peyton Place (ABC, 1964-69), and Dr. Kildare (NBC, 1961-66). During this decade, television writers and producers innovated in response to outside concerns regarding the content of popular episodic programmes, and as a method of encouraging audience engagement and habit viewership. Historical evidence demonstrates that prime-time writers specifically sought to make a distinction between prime-time continuing narratives and those that aired during the daytime hours, in order to elevate what they considered to be a new form of television storytelling.
Playing with art cinema? Digitality constructs in Ruben Östlund’s Play
Authors: Stenport Anna Westerståhl , Traylor Garrett
Published: July 2014

This article analyses how Swedish director Ruben Östlund’s much-discussed feature film Play (2011) re-aligns assumptions of auteur and art cinema through its plot, thematic and compositional aspects, while relating these to digital communication technologies and convergence paradigms.
Presencia de la competencia mediática en los objetivos curriculares de la etapa de educación primaria
Authors: Ramírez García Antonia , Renés Arellano Paula , García Ruiz María Rosa
Published: July 2014

Desde hace décadas los medios de comunicación han acaparado el interés de numerosos estudios. Sin embargo, los procesos de globalización y generalización de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, y la vinculación de estas últimas con los mass media, han provocado que este interés se acreciente entre diferentes instituciones internacionales. La educación no permanece ajena a esta temática, por el contrario, se encuentra preocupada por la influencia de los medios de comunicación en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje del alumnado. Pero ¿hasta qué punto el currículo recoge esta preocupación? En este artículo analizamos la presencia de la competencia mediática, según las dimensiones establecidas por Ferrés (2007), en los objetivos de etapa y área de las comunidades autónomas de forma global. Los resultados muestran la presencia de esta competencia en las intenciones educativas, pero es necesario sistematizar y visibilizar la relación entre la educación y los medios.
Quo vadis—“Whither thou goest?”
Authors: Weir Ron
Published: July 2014

Reading historical novels frequently raises questions for me regarding the various systems of weights and measures used in past empires. The builders of the Egyptian pyramids used the “royal cubit” of length, which equalled the “length of someone’s forearm” without defining the “someone.” It is thought that one “royal cubit” was approximately equal to 52.4 cm, but how three significant figures are justified is not clear to me. However, there was also the “short cubit” in use, which was defined as the distance from the elbow to the thumb, again without defining whose elbow and thumb serve as the “reference.” When the Persian Empire encompassed Egypt, the “royal Persian cubit” was introduced and it is thought to have equalled 64.2 cm.
Fractionation of lignosulfonates: comparison of ultrafiltration and ethanol solubility to obtain a set of fractions with distinct properties
Authors: Duval Antoine , Molina-Boisseau Sonia , Chirat Christine
Published: July 2014

Commercial lignosulfonates (LS), recovered from bisulfite pulping processes, are known for their wide polydispersity. In this study, LS were fractionated by ultrafiltration (UF) and based on their solubility in ethanol (EtOH) solutions. The combination of both methods leads to a set of fractions of varying properties, suitable for several applications. UF gives well-separated fractions, with low polydispersity, and increasing functionality (sulfonate and phenolic hydroxyl groups) with decreasing molecular weight (MW). EtOH solubility yields more polydisperse fractions but still appears to be an easy and rapid way to obtain fractions with increasing MW. The residual sugars in LS, resulting from incomplete removal of hemicelluloses, were found to be mainly in the form of low MW oligomers, which were not bound chemically to lignin. Thermal degradation of the different fractions was also compared, giving better comprehension of the influence of the structure and composition. A glass transition temperature (T

g
) could be measured for some fractions and was correlated to their MW.
Effect of depth on shear-wave elastography estimated in the internal and external cervical os during pregnancy
Authors: Hernandez-Andrade Edgar , Aurioles-Garibay Alma , Garcia Maynor , Korzeniewski Steven J. , Schwartz Alyse G. , Ahn Hyunyoung , Martinez-Varea Alicia , Yeo Lami , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Hassan Sonia S. , Romero Roberto
Published: July 2014

Aim: To investigate the effect of depth on cervical shear-wave elastography.

Methods: Shear-wave elastography was applied to estimate the velocity of propagation of the acoustic force impulse (shear wave) in the cervix of 154 pregnant women at 11–36 weeks of gestation. Shear-wave speed (SWS) was evaluated in cross-sectional views of the internal and external cervical os in five regions of interest: anterior, posterior, lateral right, lateral left, and endocervix. Distance from the center of the ultrasound (US) transducer to the center of each region of interest was registered.

Results: In all regions, SWS decreased significantly with gestational age (P=0.006). In the internal os, SWS was similar among the anterior, posterior, and lateral regions and lower in the endocervix. In the external os, the endocervix and anterior regions showed similar SWS values, lower than those from the posterior and lateral regions. In the endocervix, these differences remained significant after adjustment for depth, gestational age, and cervical length. SWS estimations in all regions of the internal os were higher than those of the external os, suggesting denser tissue.

Conclusion: Depth from the US probe to different regions in the cervix did not significantly affect the SWS estimations.