bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of enhanced aggregation and fibril formation of Parkinson’s disease-related variants of α-synuclein
Authors: Ohgita Takashi , Namba Norihiro , Kono Hiroki , Shimanouchi Toshinori , Saito Hiroyuki
Published: April 2022

Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) into amyloid fibrils is closely associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Familial mutations or posttranslational truncations in α-syn are known as risk factor for PD. Here, we examined the effects of the PD-related A30P or A53T point mutation and C-terminal 123–140 or 104–140 truncation on the aggregating property of α-syn based on the kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. Thioflavin T fluorescence measurements indicated that A53T, Δ123‒140, and Δ104–140 variants aggregated faster than WT α-syn, in which the A53T mutation markedly increases nucleation rate whereas the Δ123‒140 or Δ104‒140 truncation significantly increases both nucleation and fibril elongation rates. Ultracentrifugation and western blotting analyses demonstrated that these mutations or truncations promote the conversion of monomer to aggregated forms of α-syn. Analysis of the dependence of aggregation reaction of α-syn variants on the monomer concentration suggested that the A53T mutation enhances conversion of monomers to amyloid nuclei whereas the C-terminal truncations, especially the Δ104–140, enhance autocatalytic aggregation on existing fibrils. In addition, thermodynamic analysis of the kinetics of nucleation and fibril elongation of α-syn variants indicated that both nucleation and fibril elongation of WT α-syn are enthalpically and entropically unfavorable. Interestingly, the unfavorable activation enthalpy of nucleation greatly decreases for the A53T and becomes reversed in sign for the C-terminally truncated variants. Taken together, our results indicate that the A53T mutation and the C-terminal truncation enhance α-syn aggregation by reducing unfavorable activation enthalpy of nucleation, and the C-terminal truncation further triggers the autocatalytic fibril elongation on the fibril surfaces.
Wastewater effluent affects behaviour and metabolomic endpoints in damselfly larvae
Authors: Späth Jana , Fick Jerker , McCallum Erin , Cerveny Daniel , Nording Malin L. , Brodin Tomas
Published: April 2022

Wastewater treatment plant effluents have been identified as a major contributor to increasing anthropogenic pollution in aquatic environments worldwide. Yet, little is known about the potentially adverse effects of wastewater treatment plant effluent on aquatic invertebrates. In this study, we assessed effects of wastewater effluent on the behaviour and metabolic profiles of damselfly larvae (Coenagrion hastulatum), a common aquatic invertebrate species. Four key behavioural traits: activity, boldness, escape response, and foraging (traits all linked tightly to individual fitness) were studied in larvae before and after one week of exposure to a range of effluent dilutions (0, 50, 75, 100%). Effluent exposure reduced activity and foraging, but generated faster escape response. Metabolomic analyses via targeted and non-targeted mass spectrometry methods revealed that exposure caused significant changes to 14 individual compounds (4 amino acids, 3 carnitines, 3 lysolipids, 1 peptide, 2 sugar acids, 1 sugar). Taken together, these compound changes indicate an increase in protein metabolism and oxidative stress. Our findings illustrate that wastewater effluent can affect both behavioural and physiological traits of aquatic invertebrates, and as such might pose an even greater threat to aquatic ecosystems than previously assumed. More long-term studies are now needed evaluate if these changes are linked to adverse effects on fitness. The combination of behavioural and metabolomic assessments provide a promising tool for detecting effects of wastewater effluent, on multiple biological levels of organisation, in aquatic ecosystems.
Role of trade agreements in the global cereal market and implications for virtual water flows
Authors: Falsetti Benedetta , Ridolfi Luca , Laio Francesco
Published: April 2022

Understanding the dynamics of food trade, which involves a corresponding virtual trade in environmental resources, is relevant for its effects on the environment. Among the socioeconomic factors driving the international food market, trade agreements play a significant yet poorly understood role in facilitating access to worldwide trade. Focusing on the global trade of grain from 1993 to 2015, we investigate the role of trade agreements in activating new linkages and increasing traded volumes and their environmental implications. Through a data-driven approach, we show that the activation of a trade agreement among countries induces a more than six-fold increase in the probability of establishing a new link. Also, the presence of a trade agreement over time, not just its activation, relates to a more stable market since it reduces the probability of link deactivation by more than half. The trade links covered by agreements show larger flows and smoother inter-annual fluctuations. Furthermore, trade agreements encourage the development of more water-efficient flows by stimulating the exchange of crops with high water productivity values. The average economic water productivity of crops traded under trade agreements increases by 62% when considering total virtual water and even by 93% when focusing on blue water.
Myocardial work index during normal dobutamine stress echocardiography
Authors: Leitman Marina , Balboul Yoni , Burgsdorf Oleg , Tyomkin Vladimir , Fuchs Shmuel
Published: April 2022

Dobutamine stress echocardiography is an alternative method to exercise stress echocardiography for the evaluation of ischemia. Recently, the novel speckle tracking imaging derived parameter, myocardial work index, was suggested for the evaluation of cardiac performance and was evaluated during exercise stress echocardiography. In this study, we analyzed the effect of dobutamine on myocardial work index variables during normal dobutamine stress echocardiography. Echocardiography examinations of patients with normal dobutamine stress echocardiography were collected and underwent off-line speckle tracking imaging analysis. Myocardial work index parameters were calculated at each dose of dobutamine and compared. 286 patients underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography during the study period. 102 patients were excluded due to pre-existed coronary artery disease or ischemia at dobutamine stress echocardiography. 65 patients were excluded due to suboptimal image quality unsuitable for speckle tracking imaging analysis. The remaining 119 patients with normal results were included. The global work index decreased from 2393.3 to 1864.7 mmHg%, p < 0.0004. Global constructive work decreased from 2681.7 to 2152.6 mmHg%, p = 0.001. Global wasted work increased from 78.8 to 128.3 mmHg%, p < 0.003. Global work efficacy decreased from 96.1 to 91.9%, p < 0.00001. Global strain increased from—19.6 to − 23.7%, p < 0.00001. Dobutamine stress echocardiography results in a decrease of all specific myocardial work index parameters even in normal subjects. Only global myocardial strain improved.
Bioimpedance spinal needle provides high success and low complication rate in lumbar punctures of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Långström Satu , Huurre Anu , Kari Juho , Lohi Olli , Sievänen Harri , Palmu Sauli
Published: April 2022

In this prospective single-arm study of 50 pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we evaluated the clinical performance of a novel bioimpedance spinal needle system in 152 intrathecal treatment lumbar punctures (LP) of these patients. The system detects in real-time when the needle tip reaches the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the spinal canal. The success was defined as getting a CSF sample and/or administering the intrathecal treatment with one needle insertion. Incidence of traumatic LP (TLP) was defined as ≥ 10 erythrocytes/µL of CSF. Post-procedural complications were monitored with a one-week diary and one-month register follow-up. The success of the first attempt was 79.5%, with the CSF detection sensitivity of 86.1%. The incidence of TLP was 17.3%. A successful first attempt was associated with a significantly lower incidence of TLP (10% vs 40%, p = 0.0015). During the week after the procedure, the incidence of post-dural puncture headache was 6%. During the follow-up, no major complications were observed. In conclusion, the novel bioimpedance spinal needle system achieved a high success rate and low incidence of TLP and other complications in pediatric patients with ALL in a real-world clinical setting, indicating clinical utility for this system in pediatric hemato-oncology.
Clinical characteristics and treatment of elderly onset adult-onset Still’s disease
Authors: Kishida Dai , Ichikawa Takanori , Takamatsu Ryota , Nomura Shun , Matsuda Masayuki , Ishii Wataru , Nagai Tatsuo , Suzuki Sadahiro , Ueno Ken-ichi , Tachibana Naoki , Shimojima Yasuhiro , Sekijima Yoshiki
Published: April 2022

Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD)—a systemic inflammatory disease—often occurs at a young age. Recently, elderly onset patient proportion has been increasing; however, data are limited. To evaluate the characteristics of elderly patients with AOSD in a multicenter cohort, we retrospectively analyzed 62 patients with AOSD at five hospitals during April 2008–December 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to age at disease onset: younger-onset (≤ 64 years) and elderly onset (≥ 65 years). Clinical symptoms, complications, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcomes were compared. Twenty-six (41.9%) patients developed AOSD at age ≥ 65 years. The elderly onset group had a lower frequency of sore throat (53.8% vs. 86.1%), higher frequency of pleuritis (46.2% vs. 16.7%), and higher complication rates of disseminated intravascular coagulation (30.8% vs. 8.3%) and macrophage activation syndrome (19.2% vs. 2.8%) than the younger onset group. Cytomegalovirus infections were frequent in elderly onset patients (38.5% vs. 13.9%) but decreased with early glucocorticoid dose reduction and increased immunosuppressant and tocilizumab use. Elderly AOSD is not uncommon; these patients have different characteristics than younger-onset patients. Devising a way to control disease activity quickly while managing infections may be an important goal in elderly AOSD.
Experimental investigation of heat transfer for diesel spray impingement on a high temperature wall
Authors: Guo Zhenyao , Zhang Weizheng , Jin Shuang , Shi Zhicheng , Yuan Yanpeng
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the heat transfer characteristics of spray-wall impingement on a high temperature wall were studied by using a transient thermocouple and a one-dimensional finite-difference conduction model to obtain variations of wall temperature and heat flux. Results showed that increasing the injection pressure and decreasing the ambient temperature both caused an increase in surface heat flux and heat transfer coefficient. However, with the increase of the initial surface temperature from 200 to 600 °C, the surface heat flux and heat transfer coefficient first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at about 520 °C and 390 °C respectively, which was due to the change of heat transfer regime on the wall. The contribution of experimental factors descended in the order of initial surface temperature, injection pressure and ambient temperature. The dimensionless surface heat fluxes in terms of Biot and Fourier numbers were highly similar and a dimensionless correlation was developed to quantify this heat transfer behavior, which showed that the ratio of the thermal resistance of the high temperature wall to the thermal resistance of convection heat transfer on the wall surface changed almost linearly during the process of spray-wall impingement.
Reaction time and working memory in gamers and non-gamers
Authors: Ziv Gal , Lidor Ronnie , Levin Oron
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this pre-registered study was to examine whether asking gamers and non-gamers about their video game playing habits before or after they performed computerized cognitive-motor tasks affects their performance of those tasks. We recruited 187 participants from an online participants’ recruitment platform. Out of those participants, 131 matched our criteria as gamers or non-gamers. They were then divided to two subgroups, and performed a choice-RT task, a Simon task, an alternate task-switching task, and a digit span memory task either before or after answering a video-game playing habits questionnaire. The results showed that gamers who completed a video-games questionnaire before performing the tasks had faster reaction times (RTs) in the Simon task compared with gamers who answered the questionnaire after performing the tasks. In contrast, non-gamers who answered the questionnaire before the task had slower RTs in the Simon task and the alternate task-switching task compared with non-gamers who answered the questionnaire after performing the tasks. The results suggest that answering a video-games questionnaire before the start of a study can lead to a response expectancy effect—positive for gamers and negative for non-gamers. This may bias findings of studies examining video games and the performance of cognitive-motor tasks.
In vivo engraftment into the cornea endothelium using extracellular matrix shrink-wrapped cells
Authors: Palchesko Rachelle N. , Du Yiqin , Geary Moira L. , Carrasquilla Santiago , Shiwarski Daniel J. , Khandaker Irona , Funderburgh James L. , Feinberg Adam W.
Published: April 2022

Cell injection is a common clinical approach for therapeutic delivery into diseased and damaged tissues in order to achieve regeneration. However, cell retention, viability, and engraftment at the injection site have generally been poor, driving the need for improved approaches. Here, we developed a technique to shrink-wrap micropatterned islands of corneal endothelial cells in a basement membrane-like layer of extracellular matrix that enables the cells to maintain their cell-cell junctions and cytoskeletal structure while in suspension. These μMonolayers exhibited the ability to rapidly engraft into intact, high-density corneal endothelial monolayers in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Importantly, the engrafted μMonolayers increased local cell density, something that the clinical-standard single cells in suspension failed to do. These results show that shrink-wrapping cells in extracellular matrix dramatically improves engraftment and provides a potential alternative to cornea transplant when low endothelial cell density is the cause of corneal blindness.
Energy harvesting by vitrimer-based moist-electric generators
Authors: Feng Zihao , Zhao Wei , Yang Zhengxin , Deng Yi , Yang Tong , Ni Yonghao
Published: April 2022

Vitrimer based moist-electric generators that produce high and sustained voltage outputs at high temperature and high moisture conditions, and simultaneously exhibit outstanding mechanical properties and excellent self-healing ability.
Dual-responsive nano-prodrug micelles for MRI-guided tumor PDT and immune synergistic therapy
Authors: Guo Hui , Liu Fangzhe , Liu Enqi , Wei Shanshan , Sun Wenbo , Liu Baoqiang , Sun Guoying , Lu Lehui
Published: April 2022

We developed a pH/GSH responsive nano-prodrug micelle (NLG919/PGA–Cys–PPA@Gd) with a high drug-loading ratio and controlled drug release performance for MRI-guided tumor photodynamic therapy and immune synergistic therapy.
The effects of the fluence of electron irradiation on the structure and hydrogen evolution reaction performance of molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Dong Lei , Yang Jianqun , Yue Xiaoqing , Li Weiqi , Jing Yuhang , Zhang Yubao , Li Xingji
Published: April 2022

Controllable and stable 1T phase MoS2 nanosheets were obtained by 1 MeV electron irradiation, and the hydrogen evolution reaction performance was improved.
Recent progress in 2D material van der Waals heterostructure-based luminescence devices towards the infrared wavelength range
Authors: Yang Wan-Xing , Zhou Huan-Li , Su Dan , Yang Zong-Ru , Song Yuan-Jun , Zhang Xiao-Yang , Zhang Tong
Published: April 2022

We describe the latest advances in infrared luminescence of 2D vdW heterostructures and discuss the emerging applications of these new systems.
In vivo delivery of plasmid DNA by lipid nanoparticles: the influence of ionizable cationic lipids on organ-selective gene expression
Authors: Algarni Azizah , Pilkington Emily H. , Suys Estelle J. A. , Al-Wassiti Hareth , Pouton Colin W. , Truong Nghia P.
Published: April 2022

Not all ionizable lipids are the same – choosing the right one is critical to the success of lipid nanoparticles for different applications.
Stereostructural analysis of flexible oxidized fatty acids by VCD spectroscopy
Authors: Taniguchi Tohru , Ida Naka , Kitahara Takuya , Agbo Davidson Obinna , Monde Kenji
Published: April 2022

Using VCD spectroscopy to elucidate absolute configuration and conformational preferences of hydroxy fatty acids, lipid epoxides, and lipid hydroperoxides.
Intraband transition and localized surface plasmon resonance of metal chalcogenide nanocrystals and their dependence on crystal structure
Authors: An Mai Ngoc , Song Haemin , Jeong Kwang Seob
Published: April 2022

Intraband transition and localized surface plasmon resonance of metal chalcogenide nanocrystals that are sensitive to the crystal structure.
Highly efficient synthesis of extremely fine nano-SnO2 photocatalytic materials by dealloying Cu50Sn50 alloy powders with mainly exposed {123} facts in η-Cu6Sn5
Authors: Wang Ning , Pan Ye
Published: April 2022

Compared with Cu50Sn50 prepared by ball milling at 150 r min−1, Cu50Sn50 prepared at 300 r min−1 exposes more active facts in η-Cu6Sn5, thus leading to a shorter dealloying time, smaller particle sizes, and higher degradation activity of nano-SnO2.
Efficient hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to 3-phenylpropanol on Ni/NiS-modified twin Zn0.5Cd0.5S under visible light irradiation
Authors: Hu Yujia , Yu Guiyang , Liu Shanshan , Zhao Chenyang , Jiang Jianzhuang , Li Xiyou
Published: April 2022

Ni/NiS-Modified twin Zn0.5Cd0.5S efficiently catalyzes CAL to HCOL products with >99% yield within 80 min under visible-light irradiation.
Correction: Impacts of a near-future supersonic aircraft fleet on atmospheric composition and climate
Authors: Eastham Sebastian D. , Fritz Thibaud , Sanz-Morère Inés , Prashanth Prakash , Allroggen Florian , Prinn Ronald G. , Speth Raymond L. , Barrett Steven R. H.
Published: April 2022

Correction for ‘Impacts of a near-future supersonic aircraft fleet on atmospheric composition and climate’ by Sebastian D. Eastham et al., Environ. Sci.: Atmos., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EA00081K.
PEM Fuel cell and electrolysis cell technologies and hydrogen infrastructure development – a review
Authors: Wang Yun , Pang Yiheng , Xu Hui , Martinez Andrew , Chen Ken S.
Published: April 2022

This review presents the current status of PEM fuel cell & electrolysis cell technologies, along with the H2infrastructure, describes their similarities & differences in structures, materials, and fundamentals, and outlines challenges/opportunities.
Rotational energy transfer kinetics of optically centrifuged CO molecules investigated through transient IR spectroscopy and master equation simulations
Authors: Laskowski Matthew R. , Michael Tara J. , Ogden Hannah M. , Alexander Millard H. , Mullin Amy S.
Published: April 2022

Rotational energy transfer of optically centrifuged CO is investigated with high-resolution transient IR absorption probing and master equation modeling. Observed rates are smaller than simulated rates, highlighting the role of angular momentum in collisional relaxation.
Biobased covalent adaptable networks: towards better sustainability of thermosets
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Li , Tian Pei-Xiu , Li Yi-Dong , Zeng Jian-Bing
Published: April 2022

Thermosets have many advantages such as excellent mechanical properties, dimensional stability and environmental resistance, but suffer from unsustainability because they are difficult to recycle and overdependent on petroleum chemicals.
Determination of the 144Ce/238U atomic ratio in spent nuclear fuel using double spike isotope dilution mass spectrometry
Authors: Beaumais Aurélien , Nonell Anthony , Caussignac Céline , Mialle Sébastien , Stadelmann Guillaume , Janin Myriam , Isnard Hélène , Aubert Michel , Vercouter Thomas , Chartier Frédéric
Published: April 2022

Determination of the 144Ce/238U ratio in spent nuclear fuels using the double isotope dilution technique associated with thermal ionization mass spectrometry measurements.
Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques
Authors: Hywel Evans E. , Pisonero Jorge , Smith Clare M. M. , Taylor Rex N.
Published: April 2022

This review covers advances in atomic spectrometric techniques, including atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry. Material on speciation and coupled techniques is not covered as this is included in a separate ASU review.
Selective and sensitive determination of capsaicin using polymelamine formaldehyde decorated over carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mehta Daisy , Thakur Neha , Nagaiah Tharamani C.
Published: April 2022

An electrochemical biosensor based on polymelamine formaldehyde (PMF) supported over oxygen functionalised carbon nanotubes (OCNTs) was designed for selective and sensitive determination of capsaicin.
Photomemristive sensing via charge storage in 2D carbon nitrides
Authors: Gouder Andreas , Jiménez-Solano Alberto , Vargas-Barbosa Nella M. , Podjaski Filip , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: April 2022

We present a photomemristive sensing concept based on light-induced charge storage in the 2D carbon nitride K-PHI. Our design enables memory sensing with tuneable dynamic concentration ranges, combined with diverse operation and readout modes.
Insight into non-covalent interactions in a [Cu(N3)4]2− bridged hetero-pentanuclear copper(ii)/sodium complex with special emphasis on the strong CH⋯π[Cu(N3)4] interactions
Authors: Bhaumik Prasanta Kumar , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Benmansour Samia , Gómez-García Carlos J. , Chattopadhyay Shouvik
Published: April 2022

A hooked cross-shaped anion, [Cu(N3)4]2−, in a synthesized hetero-metallic pentanuclear copper(ii)–sodium complex provides a π-basic surface adequate for establishing a strong CH⋯[Cu(N3)4]2− interaction.
A novel fluorescent off–on probe based on 4-methylumbelliferone for highly sensitive determination of tyrosinase
Authors: Ding Yu , Yang Lihong , Shen Jiwei , Wei Yinmao , Wang Chaozhan
Published: April 2022

A novel fluorescent probe for high-sensitivity determination of tyrosinase, with 4-methylumbelliferone as the fluorophore and 3-hydroxybenzyl as the recognition group.
Quasi-anisotropic benefits in electrospun nickel–cobalt–manganese oxide nano-octahedron as anode for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ling Jinkiong , Karuppiah Chelladurai , Das Santanu , Singh Vivek Kumar , Misnon Izan Izwan , Ab Rahim Mohd Hasbi , Peng Shengjie , Yang Chun-Chen , Jose Rajan
Published: April 2022

A polyhedral Ni–Co–Mn–O nano-octahedron anode for lithium-ion batteries was synthesized, which demonstrated enhanced lithium storage properties as compared to the nanofiber counterpart.
Electrolyte additive enabled low temperature lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Yiwen , Luo Jianmin , Wang Chuanlong , Hu Xiaofei , Matios Edward , Li Weiyang
Published: April 2022

A dioxolane (DOL)-based electrolyte with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) additive enabled high performance of lithium metal batteries under extremely cold conditions by constructing a robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the lithium anode.
Asymmetric synthesis of chiral imidazolidines by merging copper and visible light-induced photoredox catalysis
Authors: Dai Linlong , Zhu Qiaohong , Zeng Jie , Liu Yuheng , Zhong Guofu , Han Xiaoyu , Zeng Xiaofei
Published: April 2022

A visible light induced copper catalyzed synthesis of decarboxylative radical coupling/cyclization reaction for the synthesis of chiral imidazolidines in high yields and enantioselectivities was reported.
Acenaphthylene-fused ullazines: fluorescent π-extended monopyrroles with tunable electronic gaps
Authors: Hager Joanna , Kang Seongsoo , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Lis Tadeusz , Kim Dongho , Stępień Marcin
Published: April 2022

π-Extended ullazines were obtained using complementary synthetic approaches based on direct arylation and cycloaddition reactions, respectively. Their strong fluorescence can be tuned by appropriate modifications of substitution and edge expansion.
Optimizing graphene oxide membranes for effective removal of dyes by modulating the reduction degree and doped nitrogen
Authors: Bai Jin , Huang Jianren , Wu Qirui , Guan Lunhui
Published: April 2022

The defect of NGO nanosheets and the reduction of oxygen-containing functional groups could accelerate the transportation of water molecules through the inter-layer space of the hydrophobic graphene sheets.
Pressure-driven thermoelectric properties of defect chalcopyrite structured ZnGa2Te4:ab initiostudy
Authors: Govindaraj Prakash , Sivasamy Mugundhan , Murugan Kowsalya , Venugopal Kathirvel , Veluswamy Pandiyarasan
Published: April 2022

ZnGa2Te4is a stable vacancy ordered defect chalcopyrite structured direct band gap semiconductor which can act as a good p-type thermoelectric material withzTof 0.77 under 12 GPa applied pressure.
Construction of sulfur-containing N-vinylimides: N-addition of imides to propargyl sulfonium salts
Authors: Shen Shou-Jie , Wang Le-Mei , Gong Guo-Mei , Wang Yan-Jiao , Liang Jin-Yan , Wang Jun-Wen
Published: April 2022

An N-addition reaction between imides and propargyl sulfonium salts was developed to afford sulfur-containing N-vinylimides with moderate to excellent yields.
Synthesis, characterization,in silicomolecular docking, and antibacterial activities of some new nitrogen-heterocyclic analogues based on ap-phenolic unit
Authors: Hussein Abdel Haleem M. , El-Adasy Abu-Bakr A. , El-Saghier Ahmed M. , Olish M. , Abdelmonsef Aboubakr H.
Published: April 2022

Compounds 6a and 6b (with pyrimidine moiety, amide linkage, and phenolic substrate) might be potent bacterial flavohemoglobin (flavoHB) inhibitors and they could set a promising starting point for future design of antibacterial agents.
Influence of ITO electrode on the electrochromic performance outcomes of viologen-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes
Authors: Pande Gaurav K. , Sun Fayong , Kim Do Yeon , Eom Joo Hee , Park Jong S.
Published: April 2022

The influence of ITO electrodes is investigated in achieving high-performance ECDs containing viologen derivatives.
Water molecular bridge-induced selective dual polarization in crystals for stable multi-emitters
Authors: Xing Yi , Li Zhongyu , Baryshnikov Glib V. , Shen Shen , Ye Danfeng , Ågren Hans , Zhu Liangliang
Published: April 2022

In the solid state, the molecular polarization of donor–acceptor (D–A) molecules can be implemented by internal chemical polarization approaches.
In situ prepared “polymer-in-salt” electrolytes enabling high-voltage lithium metal batteries
Authors: Sun Mengjun , Zeng Ziqi , Zhong Wei , Han Zhilong , Peng Linfeng , Yu Chuang , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia
Published: April 2022

A new “polymer-in-salt” electrolyte (PISE) system is in situ prepared, which greatly improves the interfacial stability with lithium metal. The high-voltage lithium metal battery presents prominent cyclability.
Photoelectrochemical water-splitting using GaN pyramidal dots and their long-term stability in the two-electrode configuration
Authors: Han Sangmoon , Noh Siyun , Shin Jaehyeok , Yu Yeon-Tae , Seo In-Seok , Kim Jin Soo
Published: April 2022

High performance and long-term stability of a photoelectrochemical water-splitting system using GaN pyramidal dots coated with oxidized tungsten sulfide as a photoanode material.
Controlled local orientation of 2D nanomaterials in 3D devices: methods and prospects for multifunctional designs and enhanced performance
Authors: He Hongying , Guan Lizhi , Le Ferrand Hortense
Published: April 2022

The review provides the recent progress in the processing of functional devices using oriented 2D nanomaterials and highlights the alignment strategies that contributed to the enhancement of device performance.
Highly efficient oxygen evolution catalysis achieved by NiFe oxyhydroxide clusters anchored on carbon black
Authors: Wang Zhongke , Wang Yuyang , Zhang Nan , Ma Lixia , Sun Jie , Yu Can , Liu Shoujie , Jiang Ruibin
Published: April 2022

The NiFe-oxyhydroxide/C OER catalyst is prepared through the hydrolysis of nickel and iron salts in the presence of carbon black. It exhibits an overpotential of 269.6 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a mass activity of 593.1 A g−1 at an overpotential of 320 mV.
Layered supramolecular hydrogels from thioglycosides
Authors: Wang Yu-Cheng , Kegel Laurel L. , Knoff David S. , Deodhar Bhushan S. , Astashkin Andrei V. , Kim Minkyu , Pemberton Jeanne E.
Published: April 2022

New hydrogels from alkyl thiolactosides and thiocellobiosides are easy and inexpensive to fabricate. These materials have excellent properties, including good mechanical strength and are thixotropic with rapid self-healing after strain is applied.
Chitosan with pendant (E)-5-((4-acetylphenyl)diazenyl)-6-aminouracil groups as synergetic antimicrobial agents
Authors: Vijayakumar Balaji Gowrivel , Ramesh Deepthi , Santhosh Manikandan K. , Theresa Mary , Sethumadhavan Aiswarya , Priyadarisini V. Brindha , Radhakrishnan E. K. , Mani Maheswaran , Kannan Tharanikkarasu
Published: April 2022

Chitosan-uracil derivatives as synergetic antimicrobial agents.
Remote two-dimensional nanometric localization of molecules by the analysis of fluorescence coupled to guided surface plasmons
Authors: Ma Pingzhun , Tao Qiyong , Qi Zhe , Su Yuhang , Zhong Ying , Liu Haitao
Published: April 2022

The coupling between fluorescent emitters and the metal nanowire (NW) can excite the guided surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on the NW and can be exploited to extract the characteristic parameters of fluorescent emitters.
How to calibrate luminescent crossover thermometers: a note on “quasi”-Boltzmann systems
Authors: Bendel Benedikt , Suta Markus
Published: April 2022

Boltzmann or not? Most luminescent thermometers rely on a configurational crossover between two excited states with high mutual non-radiative transition rates and relative sensitivity. It is shown that these materials follow a “quasi”-Boltzmann law as is demonstrated for the case of Sm2+.
Sialylation-dependent pharmacokinetics and differential complement pathway inhibition are hallmarks of CR1 activityin vivo
Authors: Wymann Sandra , Mischnik Marcel , Leong David , Ghosh Subhajit , Tan Xiahui , Cao Helen , Kuehnemuth Benjamin , Powers Glenn A. , Halder Partho , de Souza Mitchell J. , James Hannah S. , Tomasetig Vesna , Lind Holger , Rossato Paolo , Owczarek Catherine M. , Ow Saw Yen , Dower Steven K. , Baz Morelli Adriana , Rowe Tony , Hardy Matthew P.
Published: April 2022

Human Complement Receptor 1 (HuCR1) is a potent membrane-bound regulator of complement both in vitro and in vivo, acting via interaction with its ligands C3b and C4b. Soluble versions of HuCR1 have been described such as TP10, the recombinant full-length extracellular domain, and more recently CSL040, a truncated version lacking the C-terminal long homologous repeat domain D (LHR-D). However, the role of N-linked glycosylation in determining its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties is only partly understood. We demonstrated a relationship between the asialo-N-glycan levels of CSL040 and its PK/PD properties in rats and non-human primates (NHPs), using recombinant CSL040 preparations with varying asialo-N-glycan levels. The clearance mechanism likely involves the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR), as clearance of CSL040 with a high proportion of asialo-N-glycans was attenuated in vivo by co-administration of rats with asialofetuin, which saturates the ASGR. Biodistribution studies also showed CSL040 localization to the liver following systemic administration. Our studies uncovered differential PD effects by CSL040 on complement pathways, with extended inhibition in both rats and NHPs of the alternative pathway compared with the classical and lectin pathways that were not correlated with its PK profile. Further studies showed that this effect was dose dependent and observed with both CSL040 and the full-length extracellular domain of HuCR1. Taken together, our data suggests that sialylation optimization is an important consideration for developing HuCR1-based therapeutic candidates such as CSL040 with improved PK properties and shows that CSL040 has superior PK/PD responses compared with full-length soluble HuCR1.
Metabolism in atherosclerotic plaques: immunoregulatory mechanisms in the arterial wall
Authors: Forteza Maria J. , Ketelhuth Daniel F.J.
Published: April 2022

Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest to understand the link between metabolism and the immune response in the context of metabolic diseases but also beyond, giving then birth to a new field of research. Termed ‘immunometabolism’, this interdisciplinary field explores paradigms of both immunology and metabolism to provided unique insights into different disease pathogenic processes, and the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. Similar to other inflammatory conditions, the atherosclerotic inflammatory process in the artery has been associated with a local dysregulated metabolic response. Thus, recent studies show that metabolites are more than just fuels in their metabolic pathways, and they can act as modulators of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. In this review article, we describe the most common immunometabolic pathways characterised in innate and adaptive immune cells, and discuss how macrophages’ and T cells’ metabolism may influence phenotypic changes in the plaque. Moreover, we discuss the potential of targeting immunometabolism to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
Sequencing Deficits and Phonological Speech Errors, But Not Articulation Errors, Predict Later Literacy Skills
Authors: Boada Katheryn L. , Boada Richard , Pennington Bruce F. , Peterson Robin L.
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

Speech sound disorder (SSD) in conjunction with a language disorder has been associated with poor literacy acquisition; however, no study has evaluated whether articulation, phonological, or sequencing skills are differentially related to reading skills. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between speech error types at ages 5–6 years and literacy at ages 7–9 years. Phonological errors were hypothesized to predict phonological awareness (PA) and literacy even while accounting for other speech error types and language skills.

Method:

One hundred twenty-three children, 86 with a history of speech impairment, completed a battery of speech, language, and literacy tests at ages 5–6 years and again at ages 7–9 years. Speech production at ages 5–6 years was analyzed, and indices of articulation errors, phonological errors, and sequencing deficits were obtained. The relationships of these error types to concurrent language and preliteracy skills and to later literacy outcomes were assessed.

Results:

As expected, phonological, but not articulation, errors at ages 5–6 years predicted concurrent PA and letter knowledge, as well as literacy at ages 7–9 years, even while accounting for language skills. Surprisingly, of all the error types, sequencing deficits showed the strongest relationship with PA (ages 5–6 years) and literacy (ages 7–9 years).

Conclusions:

These results suggest that some components of SSD uniquely predict preliteracy and literacy skills, even when controlling for language ability. Future investigations should examine further the association between sequencing deficits and literacy skills, test whether observed relationships hold at younger ages, and evaluate the efficacy of integrating literacy interventions into speech therapy to reduce later reading difficulties.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19624020
Component‐based nearest neighbour subspace clustering
Authors: Hotta Katsuya , Xie Haoran , Zhang Chao
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the problem of clustering data points that lie near or on a union of independent low‐dimensional subspaces is addressed. To this end, the popular spectral clustering‐based algorithms usually follow a two‐stage strategy that initially builds an affinity matrix and then applies spectral clustering. However, an inappropriate affinity matrix that does not sufficiently connect data points lying on the same subspace will easily lead to the issue of over‐segmentation. To alleviate this issue, building the affinity matrix based on subspace hypotheses generated by an iterative sampling operation according to the Random Cluster Model under the framework of energy minimisation is proposed. Specifically, each hypothesis is generated from a large number of data points by sampling a component in a K‐nearest neighbour graph. Extensive experiments on synthetic data and real‐world datasets show that the proposed method can improve the connectivity of the affinity matrix and provide competitive results against state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Gas-phase reaction of fullerene monocations with 2,3-benzofluorene indicates the importance of charge exchanges
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Hu Xiaoyi , Yang Yuanyuan , Chen Yang , Zhen Junfeng , Qin Liping
Published: April 2022

Fullerene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, as well as their cations and clusters, are of great interest in astrochemistry. In this work, the ion-molecule collision reaction between fullerene (e.g. a C54/56/58 and C60 system or a C64/66/68 and C70 system) monocations and neutral PAHs (e.g. 2,3-benzofluorene, C17H12) is studied in the gas phase to determine the importance of charge exchanges and to illustrate the competition between charge transfer and molecular adduct formation channels. The experimental results show that the charge transfer channel is the dominant channel (i.e. charge exchange) in the reaction between fullerene (C60 and C70) monocations and 2,3-benzofluorene, while the molecular adduct formation channels are the dominant channels in the reaction between fullerene (C54/56/58 and C64/66/68) monocations and 2,3-benzofluorene. The observed reaction behaviours are investigated with quantum calculations, and the CH2 unit binding effect of 2,3-benzofluorene is determined to be the main reason for the results. Our findings on the ion-molecule collision reaction between fullerene monocations and 2,3-benzofluorene provide a good model for understanding the physical-chemical processes of the charge transfer channel and the cluster adduct formation channels. Neutral fullerenes (C60 and C70) increase the abundance of their monocations through collision reactions with coexisting neutral molecules in the interstellar medium.
KMT-2021-BLG-1898: Planetary microlensing event involved with binary source stars
Authors: Han Cheongho , Gould Andrew , Kim Doeon , Jung Youn Kil , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Lee Chung-Uk , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yee Jennifer C. , Zang Weicheng , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. ,   The KMTNet Collaboration
Published: April 2022

Aims. The light curve of the microlensing event KMT-2021-BLG-1898 exhibits a short-term central anomaly with double-bump features that cannot be explained by the usual binary-lens or binary-source interpretations. With the aim of interpreting the anomaly, we analyze the lensing light curve under various sophisticated models.

Methods. We find that the anomaly is explained by a model, in which both the lens and source are binaries (2L2S model). For this interpretation, the lens is a planetary system with a planet/host mass ratio of q ~ 1.5 × 10−3, and the source is a binary composed of a turn off or a subgiant star and a mid K dwarf. The double-bump feature of the anomaly can also be depicted by a triple-lens model (3L1S model), in which the lens is a planetary system containing two planets. Among the two interpretations, the 2L2S model is favored over the 3L1S model not only because it yields a better fit to the data, by ∆χ2 = [14.3−18.5], but also the Einstein radii derived independently from the two stars of the binary source result in consistent values. According to the 2L2S interpretation, KMT-2021-BLG-1898 is the third planetary lensing event occurring on a binary stellar system, following MOA-2010-BLG-117 and KMT-2018-BLG-1743.

Results. Under the 2L2S interpretation, we identify two solutions resulting from the close-wide degeneracy in determining the planet-host separation. From a Bayesian analysis, we estimate that the planet has a mass of ~0.7−0.8 MJ, and it orbits an early M dwarf host with a mass of ~0.5 M⊙. The projected planet-host separation is ~1.9 AU and ~3.0 AU according to the close and wide solutions, respectively.
Galactic mass-to-light ratios with superfluid dark matter
Authors: Mistele T. , McGaugh S. , Hossenfelder S.
Published: April 2022

Context. We make rotation curve fits to test the superfluid dark matter model.

Aims. In addition to verifying that the resulting fits match the rotation curve data reasonably well, we aim to evaluate how satisfactory they are with respect to two criteria, namely, how reasonable the resulting stellar mass-to-light ratios are and whether the fits end up in the regime of superfluid dark matter where the model resembles modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND).

Methods. We fitted the superfluid dark matter model to the rotation curves of 169 galaxies in the SPARC sample.

Results. We found that the mass-to-light ratios obtained with superfluid dark matter are generally acceptable in terms of stellar populations. However, the best-fit mass-to-light ratios have an unnatural dependence on the size of the galaxy in that giant galaxies have systematically lower mass-to-light ratios than dwarf galaxies. A second finding is that the superfluid often fits the rotation curves best in the regime where the superfluid’s force cannot resemble that of MOND without adjusting a boundary condition separately for each galaxy. In that case, we can no longer expect superfluid dark matter to reproduce the phenomenologically observed scaling relations that make MOND appealing. If, on the other hand, we consider only solutions whose force approximates MOND well, then the total mass of the superfluid is in tension with gravitational lensing data.

Conclusions. We conclude that even the best fits with superfluid dark matter are still unsatisfactory for two reasons. First, the resulting stellar mass-to-light ratios show an unnatural trend with galaxy size. Second, the fits do not end up in the regime that automatically resembles MOND, and if we force the fits to do so, the total dark matter mass is in tension with strong lensing data.
Uveitisinduktion durch immunonkologische Therapien, speziell Checkpoint-Inhibitoren
Authors: Garweg Justus G.
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund Immun-Checkpoint- und BRAF-/MEK-Inhibitoren (ICI) haben eine zentrale Stellung in der Krebstherapie eingenommen, da sie eine erhebliche Lebensverlängerung bei einer guten
Verträglichkeit und Lebensqualität bewirken. Sie sind jedoch mit stoffklassenspezifischen, nicht toxischen immunologischen Nebenwirkungen, darunter auch Entstehung einer Uveitis, behaftet.
In dieser Übersicht soll der aktuelle Kenntnisstand zu Wirkprinzip und systemischen und okulären Nebenwirkungen der ICI dargestellt werden.

Methoden Dieser Übersicht liegt eine Literatursuche in PubMed, der Datenbank des National Institute of Health der USA (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) mit den Stichworten
„uveitis“ AND „drug-induced“ AND/OR „immune checkpoint inhibitor“ zugrunde. Alle relevant erscheinenden Publikationen der letzten 5 Jahre wurden zusammen mit den darin zitierten
Querverweisen ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Ein klassenspezifisches Phänomen der sonst gut verträglichen ICI ist ihre Fähigkeit, eine systemische und okuläre Autoimmunität auszulösen. Diese unterscheidet sich von
toxischen Nebenwirkungen durch ihre Dosisunabhängigkeit. Okuläre Nebenwirkungen treten bei 3% der Patienten auf, wobei ein Melanom als Grunderkrankung und eine Therapie mit Pembrolizumab das
Risiko um ein Mehrfaches erhöhen. Eine frühe Diagnose und systemische Steroidtherapie dieser potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Nebenwirkung erlauben in > 90% die Erhaltung der Sehfunktion und
Lebensqualität, ohne die ICI-Therapie abzusetzen.

Schlussfolgerung Das therapeutische Ansprechen von Malignomen auf ICI bezüglich des Überlebens und der Verträglichkeit, insbesondere bei Melanomen, lässt eine zunehmende Anwendung
von ICI auch in Therapiekombinationen und damit eine Zunahme der immunologischen Komplikationen im klinischen Alltag erwarten. In Anbetracht einer Mortalität von unbehandelt bis zu 3%
infolge immunvermittelter Nebenwirkungen an multiplen Organen ist eine rasche interdisziplinäre Abklärung und rechtzeitige aggressive Behandlung zwingend, führt aber meist auch zu
erfreulichen funktionellen Ergebnissen.
Differences in Mean Values and Variance in Quantitative Analyses of Foveal OCTA Imaging
Authors: Wiest Maximilian Robert Justus , Bajka Anahita , Hamann Timothy , Foa Nastasia , Toro Mario , Barthelmes Daniel , Zweifel Sandrine
Published: April 2022

Purpose Multiple approaches for quantifying parameters such as vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) en-face
segmentations are currently available. While it is common knowledge that data gathered from different methods should not be directly compared to each other, a comparison of the different
methods can help to further the understanding of differences between different methods of measurement. Here we compare a common method of semiautomatically quantifying VD and VLD with an
automated method supplied by the manufacturer of an OCTA device and report on differences in performance in order to probe for and highlight differences in values gathered by both
methods.

Methods OCTA was performed using the swept source PLEX Elite 9000 device, software version 2.0.1.47652 (Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA). Scans of 3 mm × 3 mm from healthy
volunteers centred on the fovea were acquired by a well-trained certified ophthalmologist. Scans with a signal strength of 8 out of 10 or higher were included. Quantitative parameters of the
3 mm × 3 mm cube scans were automatically generated and segmented into superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) layers using layer segmentation produced by the
instrument software and prototype analysis VD quantification software (Macular Density v.0.7.1, ARI Network Hub, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA) supplied by the manufacturer. An
alternative approach of quantitative analysis of VD and VLD was performed manually with ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA), as previously reported. VD was
assessed as the ratio of the retinal area occupied by vessels. VDL was measured as the total length of the skeletonised vessels using 1-pixel centre line extraction of the blood vessels.

Results We report differences in standard deviation (SD) in OCTA parameters obtained using different methods. The standard deviation of VD and VLD measurements was statistically
significantly different in VD of 3 mm × 3 mm DCP (p = 0.009), VLD of 3 mm × 3 mm SCP (p = 0.000), and VLD of 3 mm × 3 mm DCP (p = 0.021). No statistically significant differences were found
in VD of 3 mm × 3 mm SCP (p = 0.128) or VLD of 3 mm × 3 mm SCP (p = 0.107).

Conclusions As expected, we were able to demonstrate significant differences in quantitative OCTA parameters gathered from the same images using different methods of quantification.
Values gathered using different methods are not interchangeable. In scientific studies and in situations where long-term follow-up is necessary, the same device and the same method of
quantification should be used to maintain retrospective comparability of measurements.