bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and meat quality of broiler chickens fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal, a probiotic and an organic acid
Authors: Nduku X.P. , Mabusela S.P. , Nkukwana T.T.
Published: January 2021

Six hundred one-day-old broiler chicks were used to determine the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM), a probiotic, and an organic acid on growth, weights of digestive organs, and meat quality. Starter, grower, and finisher diets were formulated to which the additives were supplemented, namely T1: 300 g/ton zinc bacitracin and 500 g/ton salinomycin; T2: 1000 g/ton MOLM; T3: probiotic (500 g/ton Enviva Pro); T4: organic acid (1000 g/ton Novyrate C); and T5: without additives. Bodyweight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed intake (FI) were measured weekly through day 28. On days 1 to 7, FI was highest for T4 (22.01 g/d) and lowest for T2 (20.13 g/d). Birds in T3 had the lowest ADG and highest FCR on days 21 to 28, and the highest BW on day 14 and day 21. Twelve birds were randomly selected from each treatment to measure carcass yield, organ sizes and meat quality. pH of the breast muscle was recorded at 45 minutes and 24 hours post mortem. Colour and drip loss were measured 24 hours post mortem. Birds in T4 had the lightest carcasses (1451 g). Birds in T2 had higher redness and chroma values, while hue angle values were highest in T3 birds. The effects of MOLM were comparable with the probiotic and organic acid. That is, they improved growth performance, digestive organ size and meat quality characteristics when included in broiler diets as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP).

Keywords: alternative growth promoters, carcass characteristics, digestive organ size, feed conversion
Sobre la oralidad en materia laboral
Authors: Reynoso Castillo Carlos
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo muestra la importancia y las características de la oralidad en el Derecho Procesal del Trabajo, como parte de los elementos que permitirían la aplicación del derecho humano a una tutela judicial efectiva. Se explican los antecedentes de la oralidad, así como el marco jurídico que la rige tanto en México como en algunos países latinoamericanos; así mismo, se señalan las novedades que el tema presenta en las recientes reformas a la legislación laboral, así como algunos de los retos de la oralidad en el futuro sistema de justicia laboral en México.
Locally Led Climate Adaptation: What Is Needed to Accelerate Action and Support?
Authors: Tye Stefanie , Suarez Isabella
Published: January 2021

This working paper examines the existing literature on locally led adaptation, looking at efforts that have optimized finance through direct and consistent collaboration with local actors and identifying initiatives that embody locally led principles rather than traditional stakeholder consultation or participation. In line with the Global Commission on Adaptation’s Year of Action, the authors sought to identify projects and designs that aim to catalyze accelerated action and support for locally led adaptation. Where possible, the paper includes examples of projects or programs that have been responsive to local priorities and produced benefits (whether initial or over time) in terms of climate resilience. The authors synthesized the essential characteristics and program designs of international and country-driven investments that have reached the local level and enabled locally led adaptation. The application of this knowledge could enhance efforts to increase focus on—and finance for—durable, positive changes via locally led adaptation. The primary audience for this paper is funders, international and local institutions, and decisionmakers worldwide who are seeking to understand how to invest in locally led interventions that strengthen resilience, including climate resilience.
A Long Road of Local Governance in Indonesia: From Indonesian Independence to Promulgation of Job Creation Law
Authors:   Law Faculty, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia, Setiadi Wicipto
Published: January 2021

This study aims at examining and reviewing thoroughly the local governance in Indonesia from time to time. This research employed normative a juridical method by searching the secondary data more. According to the research, we may state that local governance implementation has taken a long road and continuous changes pursuant to the laws and regulations regulating it. The relatively interesting dynamics are that Constitutional Court Decision No. 137/PUU-XIII/2015 states that cancellation of local regulation is under the Supreme Court’s authority. In addition, Law No. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation actually revokes some authorities granted to local level to be that of the central level, although the Law aims at correcting overlapping laws and regulations.
Lexicographic Documentation of an Endangered Language: The Case of Ket
Authors:   University of Zielona Góra, Poland, Kotorova Elizaveta ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia, Nefedov Andrey ,   Hamburg University, Germany
Published: January 2021

This presentation aims at describing and analyzing the main problems faced in the course of making a dictionary of Ket, a unique and highly endangered language spoken in Northern Asia.
Language and (Inter)cultural Socialization in Study Abroad (SA) Contexts
Authors:   The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Jackson Jane , Chan Sin Yu Cherry ,   The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Sun Tongle ,   The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Published: January 2021

Students who participate in a study abroad (SA) program are naturally exposed to new ‘ways of being’ (e.g., unfamiliar linguistic and cultural practices) and as they adjust to the host environment, they may experience acculturative stress and identity confusion (Jackson 2018, 2020). To better understand the challenges facing second language (L2) SA participants, applied linguists in various parts of the world are conducting introspective studies that seek to identify and make sense of factors that can influence L2 socialization and sojourn outcomes (e.g., language proficiency gains, intercultural competence development) (Iwasaki 2019; Jackson 2019). Their work is providing much-needed direction for pedagogical interventions in SA programs (e.g., pre-departure orientations, language and intercultural transition courses) (Jackson and Oguro 2018; Vande Berg, Paige and Lou 2012). This, in turn, is helping institutions of higher education to realize some of their internationalization goals (e.g., the enhancement of language and intercultural development). After explaining contemporary notions of L2 socialization/acculturation and poststructuralist perspectives on identity, this colloquium presented the key findings of three mixed-method, largely qualitative, longitudinal studies that investigated the L2 socialization and identity reconstruction of participants in various short-term SA programs.
Towards Understanding Identity, Culture and Language
Authors:   Osmania University, India, Mouli T. Sai Chandra
Published: January 2021

Knowledge of self is at the core of all human endeavours. In the quest identity assumes significance. It acquired greater relevance and respect on account of Postcolonial concerns. ‘Class’ emerged as the basis of a person’s identity. Subsequent to liberation of colonies from alien rule, postcolonial concerns gained ground. Focus on indigenous ways of life adds new dimension. Social, cultural, psychological and economic structures became the basis of one’s own view of identity. These dynamics are applicable to languages that flourished, perished or are on the verge of extinction. In India, regional, linguistic, religious diversity add to the complexity of the issue in addition to several subcultures that exist. Culture is not an independent variable. Historical factors, political developments, geographical and climatic conditions along with economic policies followed do contribute to a larger extent in fixing the contours of a country’s culture. Institutional modifications also sway the stability of national culture. Cultural transmission takes place in diverse ways. It is not unidirectional and unilateral. In many countries culture models are passed on from one generation to another through recitation. The learners memorize the cultural expressions without understanding meaning or social significance of what is communicated to them. Naturally, this practice results in hierarchical patterns and hegemony of vested elements. This is how norms of ‘high’ and ‘low’ are formed and extended to written works and oral/folk literatures respectively. This presentation focuses on the identity, culture and language of indigenous people in Telugu speaking states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in South India.
Language Contact and Its Linguistic Consequences due to Migration at the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh
Authors:   University of Dhaka, Bangladesh, Faquire ABM Razaul Karim
Published: January 2021

This study explores the effects of the language contact situation which has been recently created in the Chittagong Hill-Tracts (CHT) by means of immigration of Bangla speaking people from other parts of Bangladesh.
The Phenomenon of Writing new Lyrics for Folk Songs to Broadcast on Mass Media in Vietnam
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Studies, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam, Kieu Trung Son
Published: January 2021

The phenomenon of creating new lyrics for folk songs provides an interesting combination between the two fields of linguistics and ethnomusicology (or performing arts) and is highly applicable for life in Vietnam. This research aims at the meaning of choosing folk melodies to express language and to express an ideological content. Based on the thesis of linguistic anthropology, considering language to be a reflection of  the human being, this study considers the choice of the way language is transmitted as part of that reflection. To conduct this study, we will look at the Voice of Vietnam Radio. From the material found, the number, content, purpose, context analysis and frequency of creating new lyrics for folk songs were broadcast during the history of anti-American war to teh preent date. The results of the study indicate that language has a number of ways of expressing each of its strengths and cultural and social meanings. This research refers to an innovation in the use of familiar folk melodies to express and promote language content in Vietnam that has been applied effectively in the mass media.
I Call You through Fire: A Pakkado Love Magic Parallelism
Authors:   Udayana University, Indonesia, Nirwan
Published: January 2021

The main concern of this article is to elaborate on the magic of Pa’issangang Baine 'knowledge about women’ within ‘Pakkado’ (people who speak I) in West Sulawesi, Indonesia. More specifically, the article focuses on this spell in individual ritual contexts, not in ordinary activity. The spell is performed by certain actors, and focuses on the characteristics of the utterances. The type of knowledge is categorized as a spell and is practiced by men who want to attract beloved women. Albeit, it also used by women to gain beloved men. The techniques used are recordings and field notes. The utterances are taken from a single informant. The rationale of the research is to give a better understanding of spells within the society who speak I. Nowadays, this spell lives only within the heads of aged populatons. Some people are worried about the death of this magic language, but only some attention has been directed at its preservation. The research also contributes in two ways; practice and academic. Practically, it is one way for revitalizing the magic word into written text; academically, it shows fascinating language use from semantic and pragmatic points of view. The writer applies some linguistic tools to analyze the utterances and the activity of performers in producing words such as in the poetic function of language use (Jakobson 1960), and in the deictic field (Hank, 2005). The features of this spell show the act of using parallelism and sentences repeated many times (Fox, 1988). In addition, it also shows the variety within a deictic system. Mandar is an ethnicity located in West Sulawesi—on the island of Sulawesi.
Diglossia and Local Identity: Swiss German in the Linguistic Landscape of Kleinbasel
Authors:   Schaﬀhausen University of Teacher Education, Switzerland, Krompák Edina
Published: January 2021

The city of Basel is situated in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, in the geographic triangle of three countries: France, Germany and Switzerland. Everyday urban life is characterised by the presence of Standard German and Swiss German as well as diverse migrant languages. Swiss German is ‘an umbrella term for several Alemannic dialects’ (Stepkowska 2012, 202) which differ from Standard German in terms of phonetics, semantics, lexis, and grammar and has no standard written form. Swiss German is predominantly used in oral forms, and Standard German in written communication. Furthermore, an amalgamation of bilingualism and diglossia (Stepkowska 2012, 208) distinguishes the specific linguistic situation, which indicates amongst other things the high prestige of Swiss German in everyday life. To explore the visibility and vitality of Swiss German in the public display of written language, we examined the linguistic landscape of a superdiverse neighbourhood of Basel, and investigated language power and the story beyond the sign – ‘stories about the cultural, historical, political and social backgrounds of a certain space’ (Blommaert 2013, 41). Our exploration was guided by the question: How do linguistic artefacts – such as official, commercial, and private signs – represent the diglossic situation and the relation between language and identity in Kleinbasel? Based on a longitudinal ethnographic study, a corpus was compiled comprising 300 digital images of written artefacts in Kleinbasel. Participant observation and focus group discussions about particular images were conducted and analysed using grounded theory (Charmaz 2006) and visual ethnography (Pink 2006). In our paper, we focus on signs in Swiss German and focus group discussions on these images. Initial analyses have produced two surprising findings; firstly, the visibility and the perception of Swiss German as a marker of local identity; secondly, the specific context of their display.
What is Indian in Indian English? Markers of Indianness in Hindi-Speaking Users’ Social Media Communication
Authors:   Jagiellonian University, Poland, Dąbrowska Marta
Published: January 2021

Public communication in the contemporary world constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon. The Internet offers unlimited possibilities of contact and public expression, locally and globally, yet exerts its power, inducing use of the Internet lingo, loosening language norms, and encourages the use of a lingua franca, English in particular. This leads to linguistic choices that are liberating for some and difficult for others on ideological grounds, due to the norms of the discourse community, or simply because of insufficient language skills and linguistic means available. Such choices appear to particularly characterise post-colonial states, in which the co-existence of multiple local tongues with the language once imperially imposed and now owned by local users makes the web of repertoires especially complex. Such a case is no doubt India, where the use of English alongside the nationally encouraged Hindi and state languages stems not only from its historical past, but especially its present position enhanced not only by its local prestige, but also by its global status too, and also as the primary language of Online communication. The Internet, however, has also been recognised as a medium that encourages, and even revitalises, the use of local tongues, and which may manifest itself through the choice of a given language as the main medium of communication, or only a symbolic one, indicated by certain lexical or grammatical features as identity markers. It is therefore of particular interest to investigate how members of such a multilingual community, represented here by Hindi users, convey their cultural identity when interacting with friends and the general public Online, on social media sites. This study is motivated by Kachru’s (1983) classical study, and, among others, a recent discussion concerning the use of Hinglish (Kothari and Snell, eds., 2011). This paper analyses posts by Hindi users on Facebook (private profiles and fanpages) and Twitter, where personalities of users are largely known, and on YouTube, where they are often hidden, in order to identify how the users mark their Indian identity. Investigated will be Hindi lexical items, grammatical aspects and word order, cases of code-switching, and locally coloured uses of English words and spelling conventions, with an aim to establish, also from the point of view of gender preferences, the most dominating linguistic patterns found Online.
Challenges and Resources in Enhancing English Teachers’ Proficiency
Authors:   Widya Mandala Catholic University, Indonesia, Lie Anita , Tamah Siti Mina ,   Widya Mandala Catholic University, Indonesia, Trianawaty  ,   Widya Mandala Catholic University, Indonesia, Jemadi Fransiskus ,   STKIP St. Paulus Ruteng, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

This study addresses the conflicting views of the role of English as a means of global communication. Responding to the growing need to foster communicative abilities in English, schools in Indonesia are driven to make their students proficient in English. However, the majority of English teachers themselves might not be adequately prepared to use English as a means of communication; improving their English proficiency and the willingness to communicate in English (Clement, 2003) has thus become a matter of concern amidst the prevailing resistance to English as the language of the imperialist. The present study focuses on teachers’ English proficiency, which has been recognized as an important qualification for successful English teaching. Thirty secondary school teachers of English who were participating in an in-service professional development program were asked to self-assess their English proficiencies based on the ACTFL guidelines as well as to identify their challenges and resources. The teachers assessed their  proficiencies in interpersonal communication, presentational speaking, presentational writing, interpretive listening, and interpretive reading. The study also conducted in-depth interviews of selected teachers. This study found that teachers strive to build their willingness to communicate in English despite challenges, and still grapple to improve their proficiency. They employ various resources to overcome the prevailing challenges.
Description of the spirit of teenagers in uzbek children's prose
Authors: Bashorat Jamilova
Published: January 2021

The article is about the literary description of adults’ spiritual world, the psychology of heroes, new innovative methods of personages’ thinking and images, the place and ways of psychologism in children’s literature.
Pediatric HIV outbreak in Pakistan: policy implications from generalized arima analysis
Authors: Smartson. P. NYONI  , Thabani NYONI
Published: January 2021

HIV/AIDS is increasingly becoming a nightmare in Pakistan. If left uncontrolled now, the country’s limited resources could be overwhelmed by 2030 and this will cause worse sufferings and disease burden in the country. Using annual time series data on the number of children (ages 0 – 14) newly infected with HIV in Pakistan from 1990 – 2018, the study predicts the annual number of children who will be newly infected with HIV over the period 2019 – 2030. The study applied the Box-Jenkins ARIMA technique. The diagnostic ADF tests show that, W, the series under consideration is an I (1) variable. Based on the AIC, the study presents the ARIMA (1, 1, 1) model as the parsimonious model. The residual correlogram further reveals that the estimated model is stable. The results of the study indicate that the number of new HIV infections in Pakistan is rising and on this trajectory, the country’s limited resources will soon be overwhelmed. Our best model revealed that new pediatric HIV infections in Pakistan will continue to rise from the estimated 1460 to almost 1990 annual new infections by 2030. Amongst other policy directions, the study encourages the government of Pakistan to increase HIV awareness as well as expand PPTCT coverage throughout the country.
The problem of polyfunctionality in the traditional and computational linguistics
Authors: Shakhnoza Kakhramonovna Gulyamova
Published: January 2021

This article describes in detail the study of multifunctional words in traditional linguistics by world and Uzbek scientists. Its relation to concomitant phenomena – homonymy and polysemy is expressed. It is noted that in computational linguistics, the question about the functional vocabulary is not understood, not solved the question of its purpose in the housing, on the agenda posed the need for prompt decision of this question by establishing a theoretical framework for the differentiation of polyfunctional vocabulary in information retrieval system.
Prosody properties of stanza forms of poems in Uzbek poetry of the second half of the twentieth century
Authors: Rakhmonova Shahnoza Muhitdinovna
Published: January 2021

To research the prosody properties of stanza poem forms, to research their meter, subject relationship, and to research the genre nature of small lyrical genres: rubai, tuyuq, qita, fard, chiston, and ta’rikh in relation to prosody. In the poetry of the second half of the twentieth century, there were mainly three groups according to the characteristics of the rubai genre and prosody: 1)traditional (classical) rubai; 2)dubaitis; 3)The prosody and formal characteristics of tuyuq are studied, were also divided into three groups: 1)tuyuqs created in the ramal meter; 2)tuyuqs based on tajnis; 3)tuyuqs created in syllabic meter. The emergence of new forms of the genre of mustazad, the unconventional appearance of full verses in the first and fourth lines.
Innovative methods for forming concepts of object size and measurement of sizes in preschool children
Authors: Ostanov Kurbon  , Mardanov Eshim Muratovich  , Kadirov Jasur
Published: January 2021

The article analyzes various approaches to the content and methods of forming ideas about the size of an object and measuring values ​​in preschool children, as well as technologies for forming the ability to use the correct names of specific lengths and correctly show them, when comparing 2 objects by weight (3 - 5 years) first (junior age) in situations of everyday life, in the process of communication and games, the words "heavy, light", "heavier, lighter" are introduced into the active vocabulary of children, methodical work on the formation of skills to arrange more than 2 objects according to size and weight (2 - 6 years) and provides recommendations for their implementation in practice.
ANALISIS LEVEL PENALARAN MAHASISWA BERDASARKAN TAKSONOMI SOLO
Authors: Purwanto Edi
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini menyajikan hasil penelitian tentang level penalaran mahasiswa berdasarkan taksonomi SOLO. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengategorian mahasiswa berdasarkan kemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Subjek penelitiannya yaitu mahasiswa dengan kemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah dengan masing-masing 1 mahasiswa. Subjek diminta untuk menyelesaikan soal tes kemampuan penalaran matematis. Soal tes yang disajikan berkaitan dengan konstruksi bukti keberlakuan sifat aljabar pada sistem bilangan Real yang melibatkan kemampuan penalaran. Salah satu teori yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan penalaran adalah Taksonomi SOLO. Taksonomi SOLO meringkas respon mahasiswa terhadap suatu tugas/ soal tes dalam 5 level: 1) prastruktural, 2) unistruktural, 3) multistruktural, 4) relasional, dan 5) extended abstract. Berdasarkan hasil analisis jawaban subyek, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa M1 dengan kemampuan tinggi menunjukkan penalaran pada level relasional, M2 dengan kemampuan sedang menunjukkan penalaran pada level multistructural, sedangkan M3 dengan kemampuan rendah menunjukkan penalaran pada level unistructural.: Level Penalaran, Taksonomi SOLO
Optimisation and Evaluation of Antibacterial Topical Preparation from Malaysian Kelulut Honey using Guar Gum as Polymeric Agent
Authors: Mohd-Aspar Mohd Amir Shahlan , Edros Raihana Zahirah , Hamzah Norul Amilin
Published: January 2021

The study aims to formulate and optimise topical antibacterial preparation using Malaysian kelulut honey as the active ingredient and guar gum as the polymeric agent. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the preparation. The acidity, honey concentration, and guar gum concentration were the independent variables. Meanwhile, the zone of inhibitions on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Escherichia coli ATCC8739 were the response variables. The optimal preparation was evaluated on its physicochemical properties, viscosity, antibacterial efficacy, and stability. The antibacterial efficacy of the optimal preparation was compared to the commercial antibacterial gel (MediHoney™, Comvita). The optimal preparation was formulated at pH 3.5, honey concentration of 90% (w/v), and guar gum concentration of 1.5% (w/v). The inhibition zones measured on S. aureus ATCC6538 was 16.2 mm and E. coli ATCC8739 was 15.8 mm, respectively. The optimal preparation showed good physicochemical properties and effective antibacterial properties. However, the viscosity of the preparation was reduced by more than 50% during the six months of the stability study. Guar gum is a potential polymeric agent in preparing kelulut as topical preparation with effective antibacterial properties. Consideration of additional stabilising or preservative agent is recommended to overcome the reduction of viscosity over time.
Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. Isolated from Street-Vended Beverages
Authors: Zulfakar Siti Shahara , Mohamad  Zin Noraziah , Mat  Zalami Siti Nur Shafika , Mohd Nawawee Nur Syakirah
Published: January 2021

The risk of foodborne diseases as well as the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria increases with the consumption of street-vended food and beverages. This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. in street-vended beverages sold in Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to identify the antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. isolates towards 11 selected antibiotics. Six beverage samples were found positive for presumptive Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. Upon confirmation via Microgen kit and PCR biochemical testing methods, only one isolate was confirmed to be Salmonella enterica serovar Derby while the other isolates were identified as Citrobacter spp. (n= 12; 2 isolates from each positive beverage sample). The antibiogram test showed that 58.3%, 16.7%, and 8.3% of the strains tested were resistance to tetracycline, cephalexin, and ampicillin respectively, while all isolates were fully resistant toward penicillin and erythromycin. The isolate with the highest MAR index (0.45) was S231, with resistance to five of the tested antibiotics (penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephalexin, and ampicillin). Seven isolates had a MAR index of 0.27 and were resistant to three antibiotics, while the remaining four isolates had the lowest MAR index (0.18) and were resistant to only two antibiotics. This study shows that street-vended beverages have a high risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria to the public and that Citrobacter spp. should be considered as emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria in the food production system.
Effect of Pre-germination seed treatments on germination of seeds and initial growth of Mango (Mangifera indica L)
Authors: SHU-AIB JAKPA Sumaila , NYARKO George , KEGLO Kodzo Hamenya
Published: January 2021

An experiment was conducted to find out the effects of some pre-germination seed treatments on germination of mango (Mangifera indica L.) seeds and initial growth of mango. Seeds obtained from a local mango variety at Nyankpala were sown in polyethylene bags filled with topsoil for the experiment. The four treatments used were; seeds sown without seed coats (SW), seeds without seed coats soaked in cool water of 5ºC for 12 hours before sowing (SSC), seeds without seed coats soaked in warm water of 15ºC for one minute before sowing (SSW) and seeds with seed coats sown to serve as the control (SC). Randomized Complete Block Design was used and each treatment was replicated three times. The parameters measured were germination percentage, height of seedlings, leaf length of seedlings, number of leaves and stem diameter of seedlings. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and the differences were determined by using Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test. All the treated seeds recorded more than 80% of germination three weeks after sowing, with SSW recording the highest value of 91%. In general, the treated seeds performed significantly (p < 0.05) better than the control for the parameters studied. SSW is recommended for adoption since it performed optimally better than the other treatments in terms of number of leaves (7.67), leaf length (14.71 cm), leaf width (4.41 cm), stem diameter (1.82 cm) and plant height 20.86 cm).
Environmental and Affordable Housing Material - The Use of Bricks and Tiles in Reducing Housing Deficits in Developing Countries: A Case Study at Bongo District, Ghana
Authors: ARHIN Emmanuel , ABU Mahamuda , ZANGO Musah Saeed
Published: January 2021

Many factors such as inadequate mortgage finance, defective land tenure system, and high cost of land are speculated to influence the housing deficit in Ghana. Rarely do the housing deficit challenges include unavailability of construction materials as a factor. Evidence of clays used in building are common mostly in Great Britain, Italy, Japan and sparsely in developing countries and was used in building in ancient Ghana. Clay is considered as an eco- friendly building material available on earth. The abundance of intrusive rocks in Bongo District led to the exploration and evaluation of clay for bricks and tiles in Balungu and Apamtaga areas. Six pits were dug at these two areas for clay mineralogy studies. The predominant minerals found were quartz, kaolinite, smectite and those present but in trace amounts were dolomite, amphibolite, microcline, plagioclase and muscovite. The predominant minerals also vary in mineral compositions with respect to the characteristics of the underlying geology. The results showed over 50% quartz, 11.8 % kaolinite and 6 .7% smectite clay minerals occur in most samples analysed. Additional investigation to aid in the determination of the clays suitability for bricks and tiles involved 85 auger drill holes that assessed the clay thickness at Balungu River catchment. An average clay thickness of 4.5 m was calculated from the 85 drill holes drilled over 382 m of core drilled. This drill activity identified 2840000 m2 area with significant clay thickness of 4.5 m averagely. The product of the prospective clay area and the average thickness led to the estimation of clay volume of 12, 78000.00 m3.  Using dimensions of standard solid bricks of 0. 222 m × 0.106 m ×0.076 m, an equivalent of 0.00172 m3 60000 bricks can be produced in a day. A total of 38 or 41 production years will be required to exhaust the discovered clay for bricks and tiles. The utilization of clay that are readily abundant in Ghana may significantly provide solutions to the Ghana’s housing deficits and make housing affordable as the product will be cheap.
Growth Response of Rabbits fed Multi-Enzyme Treated Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal
Authors: ADUGUBA Wilberforce O. , OBENG Raphael , TIETAAH Matthew , QUANSAH Lydia , ANSAH Terry
Published: January 2021

Coming soon
GÜNCEL HEYKEL SANATINDA BÜYÜ OLGUSU
Authors: İBA Şeyma Müge
Published: January 2021

İlkçağlardan beri sanat ve büyü kavramları değişik zamanlarda birbirine geçmiştir. Büyücü ve sanatçının iç içe geçtiği yabanıl inanışlarda, yaratılan kurguyla bu kurgunun niyetleri bakımından arkaik pek çok kültürde benzerlikler vardır. Paganizm ve animizm gibi yabanıl kökenli inanışlarda bu benzerlik oldukça etkileyicidir. Canlandırılan büyü ayinleri ve ritüeller, çağdaş heykel sanatında bazen biçimsel olarak, bazen de bir metafor olarak kullanılmıştır. Gerek malzeme kullanımı gerekse sanatçıların etkilendiği yerel kültürler burada etkilidir.
Büyü olgusunun insanlık tarihiyle beraber gelişim süreci, inanışlar bağlamında şekillenmiştir. Bu inanışların pratiklerinde pek çok ritüel ve büyü uygulamaları mevcuttur. Arkaik atalardan itibaren oluşan kolektif bilinç havuzunda bu sürecin ve etkilerin izlerini görmek mümkündür. Çağdaş sanatta sanatçının kolektif bilinç havuzundan beslendiği düşünülür ise büyü olgusunun güncel sanattaki arayışlarını görmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada bu etkilerin çağdaş heykel sanatındaki izleri incelenecektir.
Responses to the Pandemic COVID-19 in Primary Health Care in Oman: Muscat Experience
Authors: Al Ghafri Thamra , Al Ajmi Fatma , Al Balushi Lamya , Kurup Padma Mohan , Al Ghamari Aysha , Al Balushi Zainab , Al Fahdi Fatma , Al Lawati Huda , Al Hashmi Salwa , Al Manji Asim , Al Sharji Abdallah
Published: January 2021

Objectives: As coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was pervading different parts of the world, little has been published regarding responses undertaken within primary health care (PHC) facilities in Arabian Gulf countries. This paper describes such responses from January to mid-April 2020 in PHC, including public health measures in Muscat, Oman. Methods: This is a descriptive study showing the trends of the confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 and the undertaken responses to the evolving epidemiological scenario. These responses were described utilizing the World Health Organizations’ building blocks for health care systems: Leadership and governance, Health workforce, Service delivery, Medical products and technologies, and health information management. Results: In mid-April 2020, cases of COVID-19 increased to 685 (particularly among non-nationals). As the cases were surging, the PHC responded by executing all guidelines and policies from the national medical and public health response committees and integrating innovative approaches. These included adapting comprehensive and multi-sectoral strategies, partnering with private establishments, and strengthening technology use (in tracking, testing, managing the cases, and data management). Conclusions: Facilities in the Muscat governorate, with the support from national teams, seemed to continuously scale-up their preparedness and responses to meet the epidemiological expectations in the management of COVID-19.
Economias de escala nas entidades fechadas de previdência complementar brasileiras: existe um tamanho ótimo?
Authors: Teixeira Rudolph Fabiano Alves Pedroza , Rodrigues Adriano
Published: January 2021

A presente pesquisa investigou a existência de um tamanho ótimo para a operação das Entidades Fechadas de Previdência Complementar (EFPC) brasileiras, com base em suas despesas administrativas. Em outras palavras, foi verificado se os fundos de pensão brasileiros gozariam de economias de escala até um determinado ponto, onde, a partir do qual, a complexidade das grandes estruturas passaria a provocar deseconomias de escala. Como pano de fundo foi utilizada a teoria da organização industrial com enfoque nas barreiras à entrada. Os resultados comprovaram que as despesas administrativas das EFPC se comportam na forma de “U”, o que significa que existe um tamanho ótimo para operação dessas entidades. Esse achado fornece importantes elementos que podem subsidiar o órgão regulador do setor a restringir a entrada de novos fundos nesse mercado, o que traria benefícios a todos os participantes das EFPC em termos de redução de custos e ampliação da poupança previdenciária.
A influência da accountability na capacidade estatal, na alocação dos recursos públicos e no desenvolvimento socioeconômico em municípios brasileiros
Authors: Mendes Wesley de Almeida , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques
Published: January 2021

O artigo teve por objetivo verificar a influência da accountability e da capacidade estatal na alocação dos recursos públicos e no desenvolvimento socioeconômico em municípios brasileiros. Ao adotar a capacidade estatal como um interveniente dessa relação, forma-se um sistema em que se entende que a accountability (no conceito geral), e o controle (de forma específica), influenciam a capacidade municipal. Esta, por sua vez, elabora o orçamento e aplica os recursos atendendo tanto a legislação fiscal, quanto a demanda social e, assim, gera resultados positivos para a sociedade. Para tanto, foi elaborado um índice de Capacidade Municipal a partir de uma análise fatorial e aplicado sobre a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados, assim, provam que a capacidade é influenciada pela accountability e influencia a alocação dos recursos públicos.
Ethics after Wittgenstein
Authors: Amesbury Richard , von Sass Hartmut
Published: January 2021

What does it mean for ethics to say, as Wittgenstein did, that philosophy “leaves everything as it is”?

Though clearly absorbed with ethical questions throughout his life and work, Wittgenstein's remarks about the subject do not easily lend themselves to summation or theorizing. Although many moral philosophers cite the influence or inspiration of Wittgenstein, there is little agreement about precisely what it means to do ethics in the light of Wittgenstein.

Ethics after Wittgenstein brings together an international cohort of leading scholars in the field to address this problem. The chapters advance a conception of philosophical ethics characterized by an attention to detail, meaning and importance which itself makes ethical demands on its practitioners. Working in conversation with literature and film, engaging deeply with anthropology and critical theory, and addressing contemporary problems from racialized sexual violence against women to the Islamic State, these contributors reclaim Wittgenstein's legacy as an indispensable resource for contemporary ethics.
Gender and Social Protection in the Developing World
Authors: Holmes Rebecca , Jones Nicola
Published: January 2021

Millions of pounds of international development funds are invested annually in social protection programmes to tackle poverty. Poverty is perpetuated by risk and vulnerability, much of which is gendered. Despite this, little attention has been paid to gender-sensitive policy and programme design and implementation.

Gender and Social Protection in the Developing World introduces a much-needed gender lens to these debates. Drawing on empirical evidence from poor households and communities in Africa, Asia and Latin America, the book provides rich insight into the effects of a range of social protection instruments. It concludes that with relatively simple changes to design and with investment in implementation capacity, social protection can contribute to transforming gender relations at the individual, intrahousehold and community levels.

With a foreword by Stephen Devereux.
Relocation failures in Sri Lanka
Authors: Muggah Robert
Published: January 2021

Each year, millions of people are internally displaced and resettled in the wake of wars and floods or to make way for large-scale development projects, and this number is increasing. Humanitarian and development specialists continue to struggle with designing and executing effective protection strategies and durable solutions.

Relocation Failures explains how internal displacement and efforts to engineer resettlement are conceived and practiced by policy makers and practitioners. The author argues that policies for internally displaced peoples are weak and diluted by narrow interpretations of state sovereignty and collective action dilemmas, and in the case of Sri Lanka, unintentionally intensified ethnic segregation and ultimately war.

This unique new book considers the origins and parameters of internal displacement and resettlement policy and practice and proposes an explanation for why it often fails. In highlighting the ways that development assistance can exacerbate smoldering conflicts, the volume provides an important caution to the aid community.
Sexual Decoys
Authors: Eisenstein Zillah
Published: January 2021

In this book, Zillah Eisenstein continues her unforgiving indictment of neoliberal imperial politics. She charts its most recent militarist and masculinist configurations through discussions of the Afghan and Iraq wars, violations at Guant�namo and Abu Ghraib, the 2004 US Presidential election, and Hurricane Katrina. She warns that women�s rights rhetoric is being manipulated, particularly by Condoleezza Rice and other women in the Bush administration, as a ploy for global dominance and a misogynistic capture of democratic discourse. However, Eisenstein also believes that the plural and diverse lives of women will lay the basis for an assault on these fascistic elements. This new politics will both confound and clarify feminisms, and reconfigure democracy across the globe.
Struggles for Citizenship in Africa
Authors: Manby Bronwen
Published: January 2021

Hundreds of thousands of people living in Africa find themselves non-persons in the only state they have ever known. Because they are not recognised as citizens, they cannot get their children registered at birth or entered in school or university; they cannot access state health services; they cannot obtain travel documents, or employment without a work permit; and if they leave the country they may not be able to return. Most of all, they cannot vote, stand for office, or work for state institutions. Ultimately such policies can lead to economic and political disaster, or even war. The conflicts in both C�te d’Ivoire and the Democratic Republic of Congo have had at their hearts the very right of one part of the national population to share with others on equal terms the rights and duties of citizenship. This book brings together new material from across Africa of the most egregious examples of citizenship discrimination, and makes the case for urgent reform of the law.
The Burdens of Freedom: Eastern Europe since 1989
Authors: Kenney Padraic
Published: January 2021

"From Estonia to Macedonia, this book is a history of 15 countries as they negotiate their transition from communism. For some, the story ends happily, with triumphant entry into the European Union in 2004.Others are caught in limbo, destroyed by nationalist politics, war and genocide, or crippled by corrupt political practices.

The Burdens of Freedom considers the effects of revolutionary change, the resurgence of nationalism and the painful examination of the past. It looks at the process of building stable democratic states, and their integration with international structures. Most of the countries have established admission to the EU as a national objective; but many of them have also been active participants in the American-led occupation of Iraq. Domestically, each has seen a divide emerge between winners and losers. All are moving forward simultaneously to democracy, unity and prosperity, but also to national division and economic disparity."
Changing States, Changing Nations
Authors: McDonald Andrew
Published: January 2021

This book presents the remarkable constitutional reforms undertaken by the Blair and Brown governments in the UK. The reforms are remarkable in that they had the potential to change the way Britons understood the national identity of the UK. The book illuminates the ambitions of the key players in Whitehall and Westminster and is enriched through a study of comparable constitutional reforms in Canada and Australia: the Charter of Rights and Freedoms pioneered by Pierre Trudeau and the attempt by Paul Keating to make Australia a Republic. The Canadian and Australian chapters are a contribution to the political history of those nations and a device for understanding the changes in Britain.

The author is an expert in the use of Freedom of Information and was a senior policy maker in Whitehall working primarily on constitutional reform. Readers will benefit from the author’s unrivalled access to interviewees and documentary sources in the three countries covered in the book.
The Effectiveness of the Köbler Liability in National Courts
Authors: Varga Zsófia
Published: January 2021

Over the last 15 years, Köbler liability has resulted in the allocation of damages on only five occasions. Why is that? And what are the practical implications of the Köbler judgment in the Member States?

This book offers a unique analysis of the state liability principle for breaches of EU law by national courts – not from the usual EU-focused point of view but from the practical view of the Member State – and thus follows the track set by earlier books in the ‘EU Law in the Member States’ series. It thoroughly examines the national jurisprudential and legislative acceptation of the state liability principle and explores the existence of alternative remedies available in the Member States in case of such breaches. The conclusions, based on a systematic assessment of 300 national judgments from the 28 Member States, lead to a reconsideration of the role of the Köbler doctrine in the system of judicial remedies against violation of EU law by national supreme courts.

After the pronouncement of the ECJ judgment in Köbler, legal scholars and practitioners have forecast the eradication of the principle of res judicata and the endangering of judicial independence. The judgment caused a lot of ink to flow; according to the ECJ’s records, at least 100 studies are directly devoted to the analysis of this decision. This book is, however, the first to offer a comprehensive analysis on the genuine life of the Köbler liability in the Member States.

Volume 6 in the series EU Law in the Member States
Environmental Logistic Management, Stakeholders Pressures and Sustainable Performance
Authors:   Department of Industrial Management, College of Business and Economics, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Palestine., A. Zaid Ahmed , Sleimi Mohammad ,   Department of Industrial Management, College of Business and Economics, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Palestine., Alaqra Nour ,   Faculty of Administrative and Economic Sciences, Al-Quds Open University, Palestine.
Published: January 2021

Recently, manufacturing firms faced pressure from stakeholders to adopt environmentally friendly business practices, as it became necessary to identify environmental practices that enhance sustainability performance.As growing amount of studies have focused on environmental logistic management (ELM) practices that incorporate ecological thinking, these practices are expected to affect environmental impact of organizations. The aim of this study is to review the various literatures on the relationship between ELM practices, stakeholders pressure and sustainability performance. Furthermore, this study aims to propose a reasonable conceptual model to clarify the relationship between these three variables in the context of the Palestinian manufacturing sector. The research findings will be specifically imperative for manufacturing organizations with the aim of improving their sustainability.