bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Combined Administration of Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) in Experimentally Induced Colitis: An Experimental Study in Rats
Authors: Ioannidis Orestis , Cheva Angeliki , Varnalidis Ioannis , Koutelidakis Ioannis , Papaziogas Vasileios , Christidis Panagiotis , Anestiadou Elissavet , Aggelopoulos Konstantinos , Mantzoros Ioannis , Pramateftakis Manousos George , Kotidis Efstathios , Driagka Barbara , Aggelopoulos Stamatios , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with limited effective treatments, prompting the need for investigation of novel therapeutic approaches. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) have demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory properties, but their combined effects on UC have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combined administration of EPA and GLA on clinical and histopathologic features of experimental UC models. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized in three groups (DSS group, Ensure Plus group, and Oxepa group), with twelve rats in each group. Experimental colitis was induced by administrating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 8%. The DSS group received tap water, the Ensure Plus group was given a high caloric diet, and the Oxepa group received a special diet containing high levels of EPA and GLA. Disease activity index (DAI) and microscopic activity index (MAI) were measured. Inflammatory markers were calculated both in blood and large intestine, liver, spleen, and lung tissue samples. Neutrophil and macrophage populations were assessed with immunohistochemistry. Results: No significant differences in the DAI index were found between the groups, but the MAI revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). While no significant differences were observed in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in the large intestine showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.05), with the Ensure Plus and Oxepa groups displaying lower levels compared to the DSS group (p = 0.021 and p = 0.043, respectively). Significant differences in neutrophil infiltration were found in both the large intestine (p < 0.001) and lungs (p = 0.002), with the Oxepa group showing fewer cells. Similarly, significant differences in macrophage infiltration were observed in the large intestine (p = 0.038) and spleen (p < 0.001), with the Oxepa group having lower macrophage counts. Conclusions: In conclusion, the combination of EPA and GLA demonstrates local anti-inflammatory effects and improves the histopathological outcomes in UC.
Polytetrafluoroethylene Felt Inlay Neomedia and Tissue Glue Do Not Prevent Reoperation in Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Miazza Jules , Koechlin Luca , Gahl Brigitta , Berdajs Denis , Vöhringer Luise , Eckstein Friedrich , Reuthebuch Oliver
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Type A aortic dissection repair using Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) felt inlay and tissue glue has been proposed as a treatment modality. It remains unclear, if this method performs superiorly to tissue glue only. Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2015, 139 patients underwent surgical repair for type A aortic dissection, and 48 patients were excluded (n = 29 after receiving a composite graft, n = 18 in which no tissue glue was used, and n = 1 due to missing data). In the remaining patients, proximal aortic repair was performed either using PTFE felt inlay and tissue glue or tissue glue only. We analyzed the need for repeated surgery on the aorta during follow-up as a primary endpoint. The secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality at follow-up. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to balance the distribution of measured baseline covariates. Results: Sixty-six patients (73%) were treated with a tissue-glue-only approach—the Control Group. Twenty-five patients (27%) underwent proximal PTFE felt inlay and tissue glue—the Intervention Group. In the Intervention Group, 40% (n = 10) underwent reoperation due to re-dissection or pseudoaneurysm vs. 12% (n = 8) in the Control Group. The felt inlay increased the hazard of re-operation by 8.38 (1.63 to 43.0) after IPTW with death modeled as competing risk. Conclusions: Reoperation due to aortic complications was 10 times higher in patients treated with a combination of gluing and PTFE felt inlay vs. gluing only. These results are potentially caused by an interaction of PTFE, tissue glue, and aortic tissue.
Graviception Uncertainty, Spatial Anxiety, and Derealization in Patients with Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
Authors: Jáuregui-Renaud Kathrine , Cabrera-Pereyra Rodrigo , Miguel-Puga José Adán , Alcántara-Thome Mónica
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) is a frequent diagnosis in patients with chronic dizziness, ineffective postural control, visual dependence, and emotional symptoms. Methods: 53 patients with PPPD (25–84 years old) and 53 adults (29–84 years old) with no vestibular disease agreed to participate in this study. Assessments included: vestibular function tests (sinusoidal yaw rotation and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials); accuracy and precision of Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) estimation while static and during on-axis yaw rotation; static posturography with open/closed eyes and 30° neck extension, while standing on hard/soft surface; questionnaires on symptoms of unsteadiness, spatial anxiety, dizziness-related handicap, anxiety/depression, depersonalization/derealization, and perceived stress. After preliminary bivariate analyses, analysis of covariance was performed on the measurements of postural sway, spatial anxiety, and dizziness-related handicap (p < 0.05). Results: Higher intraindividual variability (reduced precision) on SVV estimations was evident in patients with PPPD compared to adults with no vestibular disease, which was related to the length of postural sway, to velocity displacement in the sagittal plane, as well as to spatial anxiety and common mental symptoms (including depersonalization/derealization symptoms). Covariance analysis showed contribution of these factors to the dizziness-related handicap reported by the patients. Conclusions: Unprecise graviception could be a contributing factor to the postural instability and mental symptoms reported by patients with PPPD, which in turn contribute to their dizziness-related handicap.
Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: A-State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Shah Abdul Jalil , Dar Mohammad Younis , Jan Bisma , Qadir Insha , Mir Reyaz Hassan , Uppal Jasreen , Ahmad Noor Zaheer , Masoodi Mubashir Hussain
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a brain disorder that is more prevalent in developed nations and remains one of most intractable conditions so far. It is characterized by a gradual onset, a prolonged progression, and an unclear pathophysiology. At the present time, there are no effective treatments available for the disease. However, human neural stem cells (hNSCs) have the capacity to substitute lost neurons in a functional manner, strengthen synaptic networks that have been compromised, and repair the damaged brain. Due to the unavailability of restorative therapeutics, there is a significant global burden on the economy. When it comes to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, NSCs provide a potentially game-changing approach to treating Alzheimer’s disease. Through the delivery of trophic factors that promote the viability and regeneration of lost neurons in experimental animals suffering from neurodegenerative disorders, these treatments have the potential to facilitate beneficial recuperation. Positive restorative outcomes may be achieved in a variety of ways, including the replacement of lost cells, the combining of cells, the secretion of neurotrophic factors, the formation of endogenous stem cells, and transdifferentiation. Conversely, there are obstacles that need to be overcome before NSC-based treatments can be used in clinical settings. This review article discusses current developments in the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, we highlight the difficulties and opportunities that are involved with the use of neural stem cell transplant treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
A Study of Fit and Friction Force as a Function of the Printing Process for FFF 3D-Printed Piston–Cylinder Assembly
Authors: Passeraub Philippe A. , Allen Quentin , Clark Elizabeth , Miles Michael , Berns Siddartha , Pearson Maija , Allred Sterling , Brooks Jonah , Hugon Sylvain
Published: November 2024

Current 3D printing processes for polymer material extrusion are limited in their accuracy in terms of dimension, form, and position. For precise results, post-processing is recommended, like with assembled parts such as pistons and cylinders wherein axial mobility is desired with low friction force and limited radial play. When no post-processing step of the printed parts is accomplished, the fit and the friction force behavior are strongly dependent on the process performances. This paper presents a study on parameters of significance and their effects on sliding and running fits as well as their friction forces for fused filament fabrication of such assemblies. A series of experiments were performed with multiple factors and levels, including the position or layout of printed objects, their layer thickness, the material used, the use of aligned or random seam, and the printer type. Piston–cylinder pairs were printed, measured, assembled, and tested using a tensile test frame. A mathematical model was developed to describe the oscillating friction force behavior observed. This study presents the feasibility and limitations of producing piston–cylinder assemblies with reduced play and friction when using appropriate conditions. It also provides recommendations to obtain and better control a desired running and sliding fit.
Numerical Analysis and Validation of Horizontal and Vertical Displacements of a Floating Body for Different Wave Periods
Authors: Oliveira Marla Rodrigues de , Isoldi Liércio André , Santos Elizaldo Domingues dos , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira , Gomes Mateus das Neves
Published: November 2024

This study concentrates on numerically evaluating the behavior of a floating body with a box format. Although research on floating objects has been conducted, the numerical modeling of Wave Energy Converter (WEC) devices, considering the effects of fluctuations, remains underexplored. Therefore, this research intends to facilitate the analysis of floating devices. First, the experimental data served as a benchmark for evaluating the motion paths of the floating box’s centroid. Second, the effects of various wave periods and heights on the floating body’s movement were analyzed. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase model was applied to simulate the interactions between phases. The computational model involved solving governing equations of mass conservation, volumetric fraction transport, and momentum, employing the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The validation demonstrated that the Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) for the x/h ratio was 3.3% for a wave height of 0.04 m and 4.4% for a wave height of 0.1 m. Moreover, the NRMSE for the z-coordinate to the depth of water (z/h) was higher, at 5% for a wave height of 0.04 m and 5.8% for a wave height of 0.1 m. The overall NRMSE remained within acceptable ranges, indicating the reliability of the numerical solutions. Additionally, the analysis of horizontal and vertical velocities at different wave periods and heights showed that for H = 0.04 m, the wave periods had a minimal impact on the amplitude, but the oscillation frequency varied. At H = 0.1 m, both velocities exhibited significantly larger amplitudes, especially for T = 1.2 s and T = 2.0 s, indicating stronger motion with higher wave heights.
Small-Country Mundell–Fleming (IS/LM/BP) Model Predictions Under Both Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates: Evidence from Australia and S. Korea
Authors: Leightner Jonathan Edward
Published: November 2024

The small-country IS/LM/BP (Mundell–Fleming) model predicts that monetary policy is totally ineffective in countries with fixed exchange rates and super-effective in countries with flexible exchange rates. Furthermore, this model predicts that, under fixed exchange rates, fiscal policy is stronger the more mobile capital is in terms of moving in and out of the country, but it predicts the opposite for countries with flexible exchange rates; fiscal policy is stronger the less mobile capital is. This paper tests these predictions by applying reiterative truncated projected least squares (RTPLS) to quarterly data from Australia and the Republic of Korea when they employed fixed and then flexible exchange rates. RTPLS produces a separate total derivative estimate for each observation, where the differences in these estimates are due to omitted variables. By doing so, RTPLS makes it possible to see how the estimated relationship changes over time. I found that the effectiveness of monetary policy was not zero under fixed exchange rates but that its effectiveness did increase when Australia and S. Korea switched to flexible exchange rates. Under flexible exchange rates, I found that the effectiveness of fiscal policy was statistically higher than zero for both countries, which conflicts with the assumption of perfect capital mobility.
Coastal Real Estate Vibes: An Analysis of the Association Between Coastal Residential Ownership and the Resident Occupant’s Risk Tolerance
Authors: Diosdado Leobardo , Jaramillo Matthew , Bland Eugene , Wertheim Christopher
Published: November 2024

This study examines the association between the location, relative to the coast, of an individual’s primary residence and the homeowners’ risk tolerance. Utilizing data from the 2021 National Financial Capability Study and employing a probit model, we analyzed how varying risk tolerance levels affect the likelihood of owning a home in a coastal ZIP code. The respondent’s risk tolerance was classified as high, medium, or low according to their self-reported willingness to take financial risks. Our results suggest that individuals with lower risk tolerances are less likely to own a home within a coastal ZIP code. Specifically, homeowners with medium-risk tolerance are 2.91% less likely, and those with low-risk tolerance are 3.17% less likely to own a primary residence in a coastal ZIP code when compared to those with high-risk tolerance. These results are statistically and economically similar when using a logit model. These findings are both statistically significant and align with economic theory. The analysis also included various demographic and socioeconomic factors, finding that age, income, and certain employment statuses influence coastal homeownership. This research contributes to the understanding of home ownership location choices and risk tolerance. Our results provide policymakers with insights into the risk characteristics of individuals who prefer coastal areas as their primary residences. This information can inform future policy decisions by highlighting the societal and economic implications of regulations related to residential coastal development.
Innovative Perspectives on Ecological Assessment in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Inner Mongolia: An Integrated Evaluation and Forecast of Landscape and Ecological Risks and Drivers
Authors: Wu Jiaru , Han Peng , Zhai Jiwu , Zhang Qing
Published: November 2024

The agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia, one of China’s most ecologically vulnerable regions, requires careful evaluation and prediction of landscape ecological risks to improve its environment and support sustainable development. Our study built a model to assess the landscape ecological risks from 1990 to 2020 using land use data from Google Earth Engine. We examined the changes in landscape ecological risks and their driving factors through spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographic detectors. Future ecological risks from 2025 to 2040 were predicted using the multi-criteria evaluation-cellular automata-Markov model. Results revealed a declining trend in both disturbance and loss intensity across land use types, with the overall ecological risk index also decreasing. Higher risk areas were concentrated in the east and southwest, while lower risks were observed in the north and center. Temperature and precipitation are key natural factors, while the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a human factor, on ecological risk is increasing and surpassed natural influences in 2015 and 2020. In the future, the highest risk areas will remain in the southwest and northeast. This study provides detailed evidence and guidance for ecological safety and sustainable development in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia.
The ncRNA-AURKA Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights into Oncogenic Pathways, Therapeutic Opportunities, and Future Challenges
Authors: Garcia Clarissa Joy C. , Grisetti Luca , Tiribelli Claudio , Pascut Devis
Published: November 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major public health concern and ranks among the leading cancer-related mortalities globally. Due to the frequent late-stage diagnosis of HCC, therapeutic options remain limited. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the regulation of Aurora kinase A (AURKA), one of the key hub genes involved in several key cancer pathways. Indeed, the dysregulated interaction between ncRNAs and AURKA contributes to tumor development, progression, and therapeutic resistance. This review delves into the interplay between ncRNAs and AURKA and their role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Recent findings underscore the involvement of the ncRNAs and AURKA axis in tumor development and progression. Furthermore, this review also discusses the clinical significance of targeting ncRNA-AURKA axes, offering new perspectives that could lead to innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at improving outcomes for HCC patients.
Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience Through Artificial Intelligence: Developing a Comprehensive Conceptual Framework for AI Implementation and Supply Chain Optimization
Authors: Riad Meriem , Naimi Mohamed , Okar Chafik
Published: November 2024

Background: Amid growing global uncertainty and increasingly complex disruptions, the ability of supply chains to rapidly adapt and recover is critical. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into supply chain management represents a transformative strategy for enhancing resilience. By harnessing advanced AI technologies, such as machine learning, predictive analytics, and real-time data processing, organizations can more effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from disruptions.AI improves demand forecasting accuracy, optimizes inventory management, and increases real-time visibility across the supply chain, reducing the risks of stockouts and surplus inventory. Furthermore, I-driven automation and robotics enhance operational efficiency by minimizing human error and streamlining processes. Methodology/Approach: This paper proposes a conceptual framework for strengthening supply chain resilience through AI integration. The framework leverages AI technologies to improve key aspects of supply chain resilience, including risk management, operational efficiency, and real-time visibility. Result/Conclusions: Additionally, it underscores the importance of collaborative relationships with supply chain partners, enabled by AI-powered data-sharing and communication tools that foster trust and coordination within the network. Originality/Value: This comprehensive framework offers a strategic approach to integrating AI into supply chain management, highlighting its potential to significantly enhance resilience, operational efficiency, and sustainability, thereby empowering organizations to navigate the complexities of modern supply chains more effectively.
Studying the Moderating Effects of Additive Manufacturing Best Practices Between Supply Chain Complexity and Its Performance
Authors: Lemma Tekalign , Lemu Hirpa G. , Gutema Endalkachew Mosisa
Published: November 2024

Background: Supply chain performance (SCP) is impacted by complexity brought about by static and dynamic drivers. This study aims to investigate the effects of supply chain complexity (SCC) on SCP and ascertain whether additive manufacturing best practices have moderating effects on this relationship. Methods: Using data from 29 Ethiopian footwear industries and 205 respondents, the relationship established in the theoretical framework was validated using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results: The study’s findings provided several important insights. First, upstream supply chain complexity (USSCC), midstream supply chain complexity (MSSCC), and downstream supply chain complexity (DSSCC) negatively affect SCP. Second, additive manufacturing best practices have significant moderation effects between supply chain complexity and supply chain performance. Third, the negative impacts of USSCC and MSSCC on SCP are reduced at a higher level of additive manufacturing adaptation. The findings of this study also revealed that the effects of DSSCC on SCP have no difference at both low and high levels of additive manufacturing best practices. Conclusions: This work offers the first empirical investigation to which the detrimental effects of SCC on SCP are mitigated or improved through the moderating role of additive manufacturing best practice.
Improvement Schemes for Bacteria in MICP: A Review
Authors: Zhu Jin , Wei Renjie , Peng Jie , Dai Di
Published: November 2024

Biomineralization is a common phenomenon in nature, and the use of microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology for engineering construction is a successful attempt to utilize natural biological phenomena, which has become a hot topic of current research. There are many factors affecting MICP, such as bacterial properties and external environmental factors. Many scholars have carried out a lot of research on these factors, but even under appropriate conditions, the MICP process still has the problem of low efficiency. According to different engineering, the tolerance and effect of bacteria in different environments are also different. At the same time, the cultivation and preservation of bacteria will also consume a large amount of raw materials, which is far more significant than the cost of engineering construction. The efficiency and cost limit the large-scale application of this technology in practical engineering. In response to these problems, researchers are exploring new ways to improve the efficiency of MICP technology. Based on the bacteria used in MICP, this paper explores the mechanism of bacteria in the process of MICP and reviews the improvement of bacteria from the perspective of efficiency improvement and economy.
Simulation and Experimental Study on Indentation Rolling Resistance of a Belt Conveyor
Authors: Wan Lunlun , Lin Fuyan
Published: November 2024

In this paper, in order to reduce the indentation rolling resistance of a belt conveyor and improve its operation efficiency, the indentation rolling resistance of a belt conveyor is studied. Firstly, the theoretical calculation of the indentation rolling resistance caused by the contact between a conveyor belt and an idler is studied. Additionally, the expression of the indentation rolling resistance including the multi-element Maxwell relaxation modulus is simplified and deduced using the assumption of small deformation, and the steps of iterative calculation of the indentation rolling resistance through setting the initial values are designed. Then, the multi-component Maxwell relaxation modulus function of the conveyor belt tested in the previous work of the authors is substituted into COMSOL 5.6 finite element software, and the stress distribution caused by the contact between the conveyor belt and the idler under different working conditions is analyzed. Also, a series of measures to reduce the indentation rolling resistance are found through the laws presented by the simulation results. Finally, the experimental study of the indentation rolling resistance is carried out using the indentation rolling resistance testing device from our research group. By comparing the experimental results for the indentation rolling resistance under different working conditions with the theoretical calculation results for the indentation rolling resistance, it was found that the relative error was less than 13%, which proved the feasibility of the indentation rolling resistance and relaxation modulus testing method, as well as the theoretical calculation method for indentation rolling resistance.
Prediction of Delamination Defects in Drilling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Using a Regression-Based Approach
Authors: Fard Mohammad Ghasemian , Baseri Hamid , Azami Aref , Zolfaghari Abbas
Published: November 2024

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures have been increasingly used in various aerospace sectors due to their outstanding mechanical properties in recent years. However, the poor machinability of CFRP plates, combined with the inhomogeneous behavior of fibers, poses a challenge for manufacturers and researchers to define the critical factors and conditions necessary to ensure the quality of holes in CFRP structures. This study aims to analyze the effect of drilling parameters on CFRP delamination and to predict hole quality using a regression-based approach. The design of the experiment (DOE) was conducted using Taguchi’s L9 3-level orthogonal array. The input drilling variables included the feed rate, spindle speed, and three different drill types. A regression-based model using partial least squares (PLS) was developed to predict delamination defects during the drilling of CFRP plates. The PLS model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting delamination defects, with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0045, corresponding to an accuracy of approximately 99.6%, enabling the rapid estimation of delamination. The model’s predictions were closely aligned with the experimental results, although some deviations were observed due to tool inefficiencies, particularly with end mill cutters. These findings offer valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, enhancing the understanding of delamination in CFRPs and identifying areas for further investigation.
rlaNet: A Residual Convolution Nested Long-Short-Term Memory Model with an Attention Mechanism for Wind Turbine Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Sun Ruiwang , Guan Longfei , Diao Naizhe
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a new fault diagnosis model for wind power systems called residual convolution nested long short-term memory network with an attention mechanism (rlaNet). The method first preprocesses the SCADA data through feature engineering, uses the Hermite interpolation method to handle missing data, and uses the mutual information-based dimensionality reduction technique to improve data quality and eliminate redundant information. rlaNet combines residual networks and nested long short-term memory networks to replace traditional convolutional neural networks and standard long short-term memory architectures, thereby improving feature extraction and ensuring the abstractness and depth of the extracted features. In addition, the model emphasizes the weighted learning of spatiotemporal features in the input data, enhances the focus on key features, and improves training efficiency. Experimental results show that rlaNet achieves an accuracy of more than 90% in wind turbine fault diagnosis, showing good robustness. Furthermore, noise simulation experiments verify the model’s resistance to interference, providing a reliable solution for wind turbine fault diagnosis under complex operating conditions.
Neural Operator for Planetary Remote Sensing Super-Resolution with Spectral Learning
Authors: Zhao Hui-Jia , Lu Jie , Guo Wen-Xiu , Lu Xiao-Ping
Published: November 2024

High-resolution planetary remote sensing imagery provides detailed information for geomorphological and topographic analyses. However, acquiring such imagery is constrained by limited deep-space communication bandwidth and challenging imaging environments. Conventional super-resolution methods typically employ separate models for different scales, treating them as independent tasks. This approach limits deployment and real-time applications in planetary remote sensing. Moreover, capturing global context is crucial in planetary remote sensing images due to their contextual similarities. To address these limitations, we propose Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)–Global Super Resolution Neural Operator (DG-SRNO), a global context-aware arbitrary-scale super-resolution model. DG-SRNO achieves super-resolution at any scale using a single framework by learning the mapping between low-resolution (LR) and high-resolution (HR) function spaces. We mathematically prove the global receptive field of DG-SRNO. To evaluate DG-SRNO’s performance in planetary remote sensing tasks, we introduce the Ceres 800 dataset, a planetary remote sensing super-resolution dataset. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate DG-SRNO’s impressive reconstruction capabilities.
A Novel Exploration of Diffusion Process Based on Multi-Type Galton–Watson Forests
Authors: Zhu Yanjiao , Li Qilin , Liu Wanquan , Yin Chuancun , Gao Zhenlong
Published: November 2024

Diffusion is a commonly used technique for spreading information from point to point on a graph. The rationale behind diffusion is not clear. The multi-type Galton–Watson forest is a random model of population growth without space or any other resource constraints. In this paper, we use the degenerated multi-type Galton–Watson forest (MGWF) to interpret the diffusion process, corresponding vertices to types and establishing an equivalence relationship between them. With the two-phase setting of the MGWF, one can interpret the diffusion process and the Google PageRank system explicitly. It also improves the convergence behavior of the iterative diffusion process and Google PageRank system. We validate the proposal by experiment while providing new research directions.
Computability of Generalized Graphs
Authors: Iljazović Zvonko , Jelić Matea
Published: November 2024

We investigate conditions under which a semicomputable set is computable. In particular, we study topological pairs (A,B) which have a computable type, which means that in any computable topological space, a semicomputable set S is computable if there exists a semicomputable set T such that (S,T) is homeomorphic to (A,B). It is known that (G,E) has a computable type if G is a topological graph and E is the set of all its endpoints. Furthermore, the same holds if G is a so-called chainable graph. We generalize the notion of a chainable graph and prove that the same result holds for a larger class of spaces.
Moisturizing Effects of Alcalase Hydrolysate Fractions from Haliotis discus Viscera, a Marine Organism, on Human Dermal Fibroblasts, HaCaT Keratinocytes, and Reconstructed Human Skin Tissues
Authors: Kang Nalae , Kim Eun-A , Heo Seong-Yeong , Heo Jun-Ho , Ahn Ginnae , Heo Soo-Jin
Published: November 2024

Haliotis discus, an abalone, is a marine gastropod mollusk that has been cultivated globally owing to its nutritional value and high market demand. However, the visceral parts of H. discus are typically discarded as by-products, highlighting the need to explore their potential value in developing cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals. This study investigated the potential moisturizing effects of H. discus visceral tissues. Various hydrolysates from H. discus viscera tissue were evaluated for proximate composition, radical scavenging, and hyaluronidase inhibition activities. Alcalase hydrolysate was isolated using gel filtration chromatography (GFC), and its moisturizing effects were tested on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), HaCaT keratinocytes, and reconstructed human skin tissue. The Alcalase hydrolysate showed the highest extraction yield, radical scavenging, and hyaluronidase inhibition activities. The Alcalase hydrolysate GFC fraction 1 increased collagen synthesis-related molecules, including procollagen type 1 in HDF and hyaluronic acid-related molecules in HaCaT cells. These moisturizing effects were confirmed in reconstructed human skin tissues by increased levels of aquaporin 3 and filaggrin. Fraction 1 consisted of two main peptides: DNPLLPGPPF and SADNPLLPGPPF. In conclusion, H. discus Alcalase hydrolysate and its fractions have potential moisturizing properties and can be used as cosmeceuticals.
Influence of Silicate Concentrations on Growth, Carotenoid, and Fatty Acid Profiles of the Marine Diatom Conticribra weissflogii
Authors: Amenorfenyo David Kwame , Li Feng , Rui Xiangyu , Huang Xianghu , Li Changling
Published: November 2024

Enhancing microalgal growth and bioactive compound production is becoming a duty for improving photosynthetic microorganisms. In this study, the growth, carotenoid, and fatty acid profiles of Conticribra weissflogii were studied under four different silicate concentrations and silicate-deficient conditions in an f/2 medium with continuous aeration, light intensity (30 ± 2 µmol m−2 s−1), salinity (25 ± 2‰), pH (8), and temperature (25 ± 2 °C). At the end of the experiment, we observed that a silicate concentration of 120 mg L−1 produced the maximum biomass dry weight (0.86 g L−1), carotenoid content (1.63 µg mL−1), and fucoxanthin content (1.23 mg g−1) in C. weissflogii. The eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (11,354.37 µg g−1), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (2516.16 µg g−1), gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3n6) (533.51 µg g−1), and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) (1261.83 µg g−1) contents were significantly higher at Si 120 mg L−1. The results further showed the maximum fatty acid content in C. weissflogii at Si 120 mg L−1. However, the silicate-deficient conditions (Si 0 mg L−1) resulted in higher levels of saturated fatty acids (38,038.62 µg g−1). This study presents a practical approach for the large-scale optimization of biomass, carotenoid, fucoxanthin, and fatty acid production in C. weissflogii for commercial purposes.
Advancements in Brain Aneurysm Management: Integrating Neuroanatomy, Physiopathology, and Neurosurgical Techniques
Authors: Tataranu Ligia Gabriela , Munteanu Octavian , Kamel Amira , Gheorghita Karina Lidia , Rizea Radu Eugen
Published: November 2024

Brain aneurysms, characterized by abnormal bulging in blood vessels, pose significant risks if ruptured, necessitating precise neuroanatomical knowledge and advanced neurosurgical techniques for effective management. This article delves into the intricate neuroanatomy relevant to brain aneurysms, including the vascular structures and critical regions involved. It provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of aneurysm formation and progression. The discussion extends to modern neurosurgical approaches for treating brain aneurysms, such as microsurgical clipping, endovascular coiling, and flow diversion techniques. Emphasis is placed on preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and postoperative care, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. By integrating neuroanatomical insights with cutting-edge surgical practices, this article aims to enhance the understanding and treatment outcomes of brain aneurysms.
Proteinuria and Progression of Renal Damage: The Main Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Pharmacological Approach
Authors: Longhitano Elisa , Calabrese Vincenzo , Casuscelli Chiara , Di Carlo Silvia , Maltese Salvatore , Romeo Adolfo , Calanna Massimo , Conti Giovanni , Santoro Domenico
Published: November 2024

The integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier maintains protein excretion below 150 mg/day. When urinary proteins increase, this indicates damage to the filtration barrier. However, proteinuria is not only a marker of kidney damage but also exacerbates it through various mechanisms involving the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments. Therefore, it is essential to intervene with renoprotective action that reduces the proteinuria. In this context, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are cornerstone treatments. Recent advancements include sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, initially used for glycemic control, now recognized for their renoprotective properties in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations. Another drug, Finerenone, a selective non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, has emerged as a promising agent, offering anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic benefits with fewer side effects than traditional steroidal options. Finally, dual inhibition of angiotensin II and endothelin-1 receptors through agents like Sparsentan presents a novel approach with significant antiproteinuric effects in IgA nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. This brief review summarizes the mechanisms by which proteinuria promotes kidney damage and the renoprotective therapeutic approaches available, which can be combined with lifestyle modifications and specific treatments for underlying diseases to mitigate the progression of chronic kidney disease.
Impact of Intraoperative Prognostic Factors on Urinary Continence Recovery Following Open and Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Kajmakovic Boris M. , Petrovic Milos , Bulat Petar R. , Bumbasirevic Uros , Milojevic Bogomir , Nikic Predrag , Janicic Aleksandar , Durutovic Otas , Cegar Bojan , Hadzibegovic Adi , Ratkovic Sanja , Dzamic Zoran M.
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Radical prostatectomy (RP) stands as the predominant instigator of postoperative stress urinary incontinence. Techniques such as the preservation of the neurovascular bundles, bladder neck preservation, and ensuring longer postoperative urethral length have shown positive impacts on continence. The posterior reconstruction is another method that aids in early continence recovery. Anterior suspension as simulator of puboprostatic ligaments is another factor. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, between December 2014 and January 2020, employing a prospective, non-randomized comparative design. Data were meticulously gathered from 192 consecutive patients. The process of regaining continence was monitored at intervals of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. The main criterion for assessing the level of urinary continence was the number of pads used daily. Results: The distribution of overall continence rates in the BNP vs. no-BNP group at 3, 6 and 12 months was 86% vs. 60% (p < 0.0001), 89% vs. 67% (p < 0.0001), 93% vs. 83% (p = 0.022). Continence rates in non-posterior reconstruction group (10%, 22%, 34%, and 54% at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months) were statistically significantly lower (p < 0.0001). The patients who underwent urethral suspension exhibited significantly higher rates of overall continence at 1 mo (73% vs. 29%, p < 0.0001), 3 mo (85% vs. 53%, p < 0.001), 6 mo (89% vs. 62%, p < 0.0001), 12 mo (95% vs. 76%, p < 0.0001), and 24 mo (93% vs. 81%, p = 0.007). Patients who underwent urethral suspension had a four-fold greater likelihood of regaining continence (p = 0.015). Conclusions: Patients who underwent urethral suspension or BNP or posterior reconstruction had higher continence rates. Only the urethral suspension was found to be a significant prognostic factor of continence recovery.
Welcome to Metrics: A New Open-Access Journal
Authors: Rodríguez Bolívar Manuel
Published: November 2024

As science has expanded in size and recognition as the dominant driver of innovation and economic growth, the need for studies to analyze and characterize the contributions made by research in each field of knowledge and related research areas from a critical standpoint has become increasingly prominent in international journals [...]
Prickly Ash Seeds Improve the Ruminal Epithelial Development and Growth Performance of Hu Sheep by Modulating the Rumen Microbiota and Metabolome
Authors: Li Qiao , Wu Yi , Qi Xingcai , Liu Zilong , Wang Chunhui , Ma Xueyi , Ma Youji
Published: November 2024

It is known that the addition of feed rich in bioactive components to animal diets will affect rumen fermentation parameters and flora structure. However, research on the regulatory effects of prickly ash seeds (PASs) during rumen development or on the rumen microbiome and its metabolites in sheep is limited. The current study was designed to explore the effects of PASs on sheep rumen development and growth performance using metagenomics and metabolomics. Eighteen 3-month-old Hu lambs were randomly allotted to three different dietary treatment groups: 0% (basal diet, CK), 3% (CK with 3% PAS, low-dose PAS, LPS), and 6% (CK with 6% PAS, high-dose PAS, HPS) PASs. The lambs were slaughtered to evaluate production performance. Our results showed that dietary PAS addition improved the average daily gain and reduced the F/G ratio of the experimental animals. Additionally, the height and width of the rumen papilla in the treatment groups were significantly higher than those in the CK group. The fermentation parameters showed that the levels of acetate and butyrate were significantly higher in the LPS group than in the CK and HPS groups. The propionate levels in the HPS group were significantly higher than those in the CK and LPS groups. Metagenomics analysis revealed that PAS dietary supplementation improved the abundance of Clostridiales and Bacteroidales and reduced the abundance of Prevotella, Butyrivibrio, and Methanococcus. Metabolomic analyses revealed that increased metabolite levels, such as those of serotonin, L-isoleucine, and L-valine, were closely related to growth-related metabolic pathways. The correlations analyzed showed that papilla height and muscular thickness were positively and negatively correlated with serotonin and L-valine, respectively. Average daily gain (ADG) was positively and negatively correlated with L-valine and several Prevotella, respectively. In addition, muscular thickness was positively correlated with Sodaliphilus pleomorphus, four Prevotella strains, Sarcina_sp_DSM_11001, and Methanobrevibacter_thaueri. Overall, PAS addition improved sheep growth performance by regulating beneficial microorganism and metabolite abundances, facilitating bacterial and viral invasion resistance.
Mineral Chemistry and In Situ LA-ICP-MS Titanite U-Pb Geochronology of the Changba-Lijiagou Giant Pb-Zn Deposit, Western Qinling Orogen: Implications for a Distal Skarn Ore Formation
Authors: Wei Ran , Wang Yitian , Hu Qiaoqing , Liu Xielu , Guo Huijin , Hu Wenrong
Published: November 2024

The giant Changba-Lijiagou (Ch-L) Pb-Zn deposit is in the northeast part of the Xicheng ore cluster, Western Qinling Orogen. The ore genesis remains controversial; it could be either a sedimentary exhalative genetic type or an epigenetic hydrothermal genetic type. Here, in situ titanite U-Pb dating for the two kinds of titanite is presented, yielding ages of 212.8 ± 3.0 Ma in the mineralized skarn ore and 214.6 ± 5.1 Ma in the host rock. These ages conform to the previously reported magmatic zircon age (229–211 Ma) based on the in situ zircon U-Pb dating of plutons in this district and the time of large-scale magmatic–hydrothermal activities in Western Qinling Orogen (229–209 Ma). Titanites occurring in mineralized skarn and those that are calcite-hosted are similar to hydrothermal-origin titanites in major element characteristics. The Eu anomalies in the two types of titanite record oxidizing conditions during the mineralization process. A mineral assemblage of garnet, pyroxene, riebeckite, biotite, and potash feldspar, replacing the albite, is well-developed in the deposit. The mineralogical and geochronological characteristics indicate that the Ch-L Pb-Zn deposit is a distal skarn deposit and the result of intensive tectonomagmatic processes in the Xicheng ore cluster during the process of the Late Triassic orogeny.
Towards Understanding the Role of the Glycosylation of Proteins Present in Extracellular Vesicles in Urinary Tract Diseases: Contributions to Cancer and Beyond
Authors: Wilczak Magdalena , Surman Magdalena , Przybyło Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a population of nanoscale particles surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer, enabling intercellular transfer of bioactive molecules. Once released from the parental cell, EVs can be found in most biological fluids in the human body and can be isolated from them. For this reason, EVs have significant diagnostic potential and can serve as an excellent source of circulating disease biomarkers. Protein glycosylation plays a key role in many biological processes, and aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of various diseases. EVs have been shown to carry multiple glycoproteins, but little is known about the specific biological roles of these glycoproteins in the context of EVs. Moreover, specific changes in EV glycosylation have been described for several diseases, including cancers and metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological or kidney diseases. Urine is the richest source of EVs, providing almost unlimited (in terms of volume) opportunities for non-invasive EV isolation. Recent studies have also revealed a pathological link between urinary EV glycosylation and urological cancers, as well as other pathologies of the urinary tract. In this review, we discuss recent research advances in this field and the diagnostic/prognostic potential of urinary EV glycosylation. In addition, we summarize common methods for isolating EVs from urine and techniques used to study their glycosylation.
Spectral Properties of Marennine-like Pigments Reveal Minor Differences Between Blue Haslea Species and Strains
Authors: Latigui Amina , Jacquette Boris , Dittmer Jens , Bardeau Jean-François , Boivin Edouard , Beaulieu Lucie , Pasetto Pamela , Mouget Jean-Luc
Published: November 2024

Marennine is the specific bluish pigment produced by the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia Gaillon (Simonsen), responsible for the greening of oysters in France’s Atlantic coast. For decades, H. ostrearia was considered the only blue diatom and described as such. However, new blue Haslea species have been described recently, among which Haslea karadagensis Davidovich, Gastineau, and Mouget (Black Sea, Crimea, Ukraine); Haslea provincialis Gastineau, Hansen, and Mouget (Mediterranean Sea, southern France); Haslea silbo Gastineau, Hansen, and Mouget (West Atlantic Ocean, USA); and one not characterized yet, Haslea sp. nov., isolated in Tenerife (Spain). These species produce marennine-like pigments, for which little information is available yet. The present work aims at studying spectral characteristics of these pigments by UV–visible spectrometry, Raman spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, and comparing them to those of marennine produced by H. ostrearia strains originating from the north Atlantic Ocean (western France and Macaronesia), and north Pacific Ocean (southwestern USA). Results show that marennine produced by H. ostrearia strains and marennine-like pigments produced by H. provincialis, H. silbo, and Haslea sp. nov. are quite similar regarding their polysaccharide skeleton, and absorption in the UV–visible, infrared, and Raman regions. The most different marennine-like pigment is produced by H. karadagensis, but all Haslea blue pigments studied so far belong to the same family of organic molecules.