bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dromos kurgans of the saka time on the Zharly River (Central Kazakhstan)
Authors: Beisenov Arman Ziyadenovich
Published: December 2020

The features of dromos kurgans of the early Saka time studied by the author in the cemeteries Nurken-2, Serekty-1, Kosoba in Central Kazakhstan are considered in the article. Unlike the materials received during the earlier studies by M.K.Kadyrbaev in 19501970, new data shows that the tradition of dromos graves was widespread in the region. On the basis of archaeological and radiocarbon data, dromos kurgans date back to the VIIIVI cc. BC. Studies have shown that they are primarily connected with the elite burials. Dromos kurgans are oriented to the east, south-east and in terms of size, layout, sections are of different types. Currently they are known in almost all habitats of the Kazakh culture having the early Saka shape, whose monuments were excavated in North, Central, East, South-East (Zhetysu) Kazakhstan, as well as in the East Aral Sea region. The author assumes that among all early Saka cultures of Kazakhstan dromos graves have been the most common throughout the different regions. According to the available materials, dromos graves appeared no later than VIIIVII centuries BC in the early Saka cultures of Kazakhstan. A little later, since VI c. BC, this tradition appeared in the monuments of Savromat and Sarmatian tribes in West Kazakhstan. For the early Saka cultures of Kazakhstan dromos tradition is associated with the culture of the preceding period the period of the Late Bronze Age.
Local communication companies in 1941-1945: domestic historiography
Authors: Khramkova Elena Lenarovna , Mokina Natalia Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

Theauthors for the first time study the historical literature published in 19412015 and devoted to activity of local communication establishments of the front and rear districts of RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War. The special attention is paid to the researches executed on materials of Central Volga area. The historiography is analyzed within two large periods: Soviet and Post-Soviet. The main tendencies of methodology development, references and the subject perspective are defined in each of them. The authors have drawn conclusions about the degree of study of civil operators contribution to the Victory in 19411945. The modern period of studying of the place and role of communication industry in military economy, information infrastructure, everyday life in the extreme conditions of the war is characterized by application of new methodological approaches (system, modernization, integration, biographic) which promote interdisciplinary judgment as well as expansion of the problem field of the Great Patriotic War communication history research. Among perspective questions which were earlier insufficiently studied by historians the authors note a role of local communication establishments in industrial enterprises and population evacuation, in development of military industrial complex of rear areas, structure of post military censorship bodies, standard and legal base of post and cable departures inspection, courier communication organization, material and household provision for regional communication institutions officers and others.
«Anarchy» Planning or self-regulation of the soviet economy: Ministry of Internal Affairs and the State Planning Commission in inter-departmental conflicts (1940-1950)
Authors: Zaharchenko Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The study of Ministry of Internal Affairs economic activities gives an opportunity to look at relationships with other departments and its role as an economy agent. The studying of departmental correspondence materials allows us to speak about the conflict of interests among The Ministry of Internal Affairs, The State Planning Committee and other сommissariat-ministries. Contradictions were settled at the highest party and the state levels. All actors in the Soviet planned economy had their own interests and the most important was provision of resources for the government tasks and timely fulfilment of obligations by other economic organizations. During this process the departments involved tried to obtain more favorable conditions for themselves. Heads of different levels (from the ministries to separate agencies), who sent appeals and requests to the center, served as channels for information on the fulfillment of government directives. The conflicts helped to determine if a plan was impossible to fulfill and to correct figures and decisions. This allowed the Stalinist system to react and overcome contingent problems like a personal dispute with producers, and structural, such as economic capacity. The result was paid with material costs and overextended bureaucratic procedures for coordination of departmental interests.
The problem of patriotic education in Russian pedagogical thought
Authors: Vereshchagina Nina Ivanovna
Published: December 2020

The paper explains the importance of the problem of student patriotic education and emphasizes the need to create a culture of patriotic students. The concept of patriotism is a basic component in the formation of patriotic culture of students. Critical thinking scientific knowledge about patriotism, methods and techniques of education lead to an understanding that the system of activities in the field of patriotic education requires changes based on education of spiritual values and development of the concept of formation of student patriotic culture. A central element of patriotic education as the basis of patriotic culture is a philosophical theory of values. In modern state programs and documents it is indicated that patriotism is one of the enduring and ineradicable values. Education value and moral oriented personality, with a sense of patriotism, responsibility and other qualities is one of the main tasks of the state policy in the field of education at the present stage of society development. Students future citizens must be prepared to confront the global challenges of the modern era, they should be highly moral, creative, competent citizens who are aware of the responsibility for the present and the future of their country. Analysis of scientific pedagogical literature leads to the conclusion that the scientific community addresses the problem of patriotism in the historically urgent tasks of development of society in periods of social crisis. Scientists and public figures from different eras are unanimous in saying that patriotism is firstly love for the country and secondly the activity aimed at the goodness of the motherland, to the defense of its interests, willingness to serve the motherland.
Moral and ethical principles as an object of pedagogical reflection
Authors: Salov Alexander Igorevich
Published: December 2020

The paper grounds that moral and ethical principles guide the teacher to seek the meaning of life together with the students which explains to them the relations with the world, provides insight into the teachers and students world, exists in their mind as a world image and regulates their mutual activity in accordance with the logics of life necessity, i.e. Peace on the Earth. The author explains that the true morality considers a person and his/her life the most important moral values, which formulate moral and ethical principles, prescribing development of moral life strategy. The paper proves that persons morality, his/her doings, outlook, evaluation, goals and motifs of activity and relations with people and the world depend on correct understanding of values. The author explains the categories virtue, good, in terms of which moral and ethical principles are formulated. The paper gives the meaning of the categories virtue and good and explains why one cannot teach virtue, that virtues are not inherent that is why they are nurtured. The author shows moral and ethical knowledge is necessary for a person to become virtuous and points out the importance of differentiation between life as it is and good life. The paper grounds that moral and ethical principles provide a teacher with an initial axiom (what for?) for achieving the goal Peace on the Earth, the strategy of moving along the way chosen (what way?) making good for him/herself and for the students.
Synphytosozological assessment of pasture ecosystems vegetation in south-east Ukraine
Authors: Ostapko Vladimir Mikhailovich , Shevchuk Oksana Mikhailovna , Prikhodko Svetlana Anatolievna
Published: December 2020

As part of the pasture vegetation of steppe ecosystems of the south-east of Ukraine we found 62 rarity formations (79% of the total number), with 338 (52%) rarity associations of dominant classification. Green Book of Ukraine includes 18 formations with 79 associations (respectively, 54% and 67% of these syntaxa of regional vegetation), and the rest of the formations and associations are rare for this region. Rare vegetation formations and their associations are listed and distributed by types of grassland steppe ecosystems. The highest syntaxonomic variety is characteristic for gully and ravine steppe ecosystems formed on eroded chernozems underlain by loess (750 associations of 81 formations), the least syntaxonomic diversity is found in above-floodplain terraced steppes on the sands (140 associations of 24 formations). The greatest number of regionally rare associations is cenotically confined to the chalk outcrops (49 associations of 16 formations). A large number of associations are stenotopic. These results suggest a high synphytosozological value of pasture ecosystems vegetation in the south-east of Ukraine, which is very important for the conservation of the steppe biome biodiversity. It should be taken into account when grounding establishment of the local reserves for biota protection, their protection regimes and performing pasture load calculations for specific areas.
Large tare vessels of the bronze age Turganic settlement in Orenburg Region
Authors: Salugina Natalya Petrovna , Morgunova Nina Leonidovna , Turetskii Mihail Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

In the ceramic collection of Turganic settlement in the Orenburg region there is a group of bronze age pottery, which by its morphological and technological indicators stands out sharply from the main group of dishes. They are large size vessels with massive aureoles and distended body. The authors called these vessels hums. The aim of this study is to identify cultural-chronological position of the specified group of dishes in the system of the antiquities of the early - middle bronze age. Within this group the authors distinguish two types. The basis for type selection was the particular design of the upper part of the vessel. The first type is ceramics from Turganic settlement and the vessel from the burial mound Perevolotsky I. Morphological and technological features, and a series of radiocarbon dates has allowed to date these vessels to the time of the yamnaya culture formation in the Volga-Ural region (Repinsky stage). The authors suggest that the appearance of such vessels should be an imitation of the Maikop pottery. It could be penetration of small groups of craftsmen or the intensification of contacts with the population of the North Caucasus. The second type of pottery from Turganic settlement is similar to the burial mound Kardailovsky I (mound 1, burial 3) in Orenburg region, in the Northern pre-Caspian, region of the Samara river, Kuban and the Dnieper. Researchers have noted the scarcity and originality of this dish. The chronological and cultural position of such vessels is determined within the III Millennium BC (calibrated values).
Health culture of the Central Volga area population in the XIX century
Authors: Korneeva Julia Vasilievna , Makarova Natalia Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper considers the health culture of the Central Volga area population in the 19th century and its influence on the region economy. The authors compare necessary medical assistance at the beginning and at the end of the century and using various sources including the archival ones come to the conclusion that the state didnt pay much attention to the organization of health care in the region economy at the beginning of the 19th century: lack of health culture which could include the necessary number of medical institutions, lack of professionally trained medical staff, rules and recommendations about a healthy lifestyle. However by the end of the century the situation had undergone positive changes - there were medical institutions with beds and rooms available enough for patients, there were charity societies with medical care for people in need; the state spent money to ensure personnel functioning and hospital equipment, as well as injections that were free for the population. At the end of the 19th century the health culture of the population became an integral part of Central Volga area economy and the country in general. It increased the standard of life as well as its quality.
The relationship between the Kazakhs and the peasant-migrants of Western Kazakhstan in the XIX - early XX century
Authors: Frizen Dmitriy Yakovlevich
Published: December 2020

The relationships between Kazakhs and Russian peasants have evolved for a long time. Over the past 20 years, Kazakh historians were unable to find new methods of research on the agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan. Basically, agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan is considered as a negative process, as the Russification of the Kazakh people. The majority of Kazakh historians write in similar spirit, and hence it is quite difficult to give an objective assessment of the events. The article reveals the problem of adaptation of the Russian peasants in the Western Kazakhstan in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During the period of the Stolypin agrarian reform more than 1 million immigrants from various Russian provinces came to Kazakhstan. The tsarist government discussed the issue of agrarian colonization of Kazakhstan for a long time. The settlers began to rent the Kazakhs land. Settlements of Russian peasants appeared in the Kazakh steppes, and the Kazakhs began to settle near these villages. The relationship between the Kazakh population and the immigrants were peaceful. They worked together on the ground, sowed bread. Many Kazakhs began to learn the Russian language and were hired to work for Russian peasants. Labor contacts became more active. Western Kazakhstan was actively involved in the Russian market.
The historiography of the Kazakhs’ Junior Horde incorporation into the Russian Empire (the pre-revolutionary period)
Authors: Izbassarova Gulbanu Bolatovna
Published: December 2020

The Kazakhs Junior Horde, due to external - internal political reasons was the first one who became the part of Russian Empire. Chinggizid Abulkhair was an initiator of the Kazakh society incorporation into the structure of the Russian Empire. The aggravation of the Kazakh-Bashkir, Kazakh-Kalmyk, Kazakh-Dzungar relations leads to a search for a strong overlord. At the beginning of the 18th century, after the Prut campaign, the interests of the Russian Empire moved from the Black Sea to Asia, which is south-east direction. Formation of the imperial concept, change in the concept of Russias historical mission on the international scene forms new strategic and political aims of the Russian Empire. The Academy of Sciences founded in 1724 by the emperor Peter I as well as representatives of local administrations started to explain to the Russian public the acquisition of new lands policy. The reflection of this event to the Russian historiography of the XVIII-XIX centuries is studied in this article. The attention is paid to the study of a concept of citizenship, an interpretation of its character, assessment of the Kazakh khan Abulkhair, the accession initiator by pre-revolutionary historiography representatives. The article considers views of P.I. Rychkov, A.I. Levshin, who are for the first time in their writings, on the basis of archival, authentic sources, gathered a wealth of factual material, scientifically substantiated opinions on the issue of incorporation.
Regional and local authorities’ activity in the field of nature protection in 1918-1950s (on materials of the archives of the Middle and Lower Volga region)
Authors: Makeeva Ecaterina Dmitrievna
Published: December 2020

The study of various aspects of interaction between society and nature at the present time is not only of interest to ecologists, but also for specialists in the field of Humanities, particularly historians. This article discusses the history of formation and development of a regional system of management of nature protection in the Middle and Lower Volga region. The author describes main issues related to the state forest Fund of the region in 1918-1950-s and the measures taken by the Executive committees of local Soviets at various levels to address their consequences. The main directions of environmental activities of local governments are considered: protection of forests against fire, theft and infestations of pests, the creation of protected areas, to combat poaching, the accomplishment and gardening of settlements. The sources for the preparation of the article were, basically, documents of regional archives of the Central state archive of Samara region, the State archive of Ulyanovsk region, the State archive of Penza region, the State archive of Saratov region, the National archives of the Republic of Tatarstan, Samara oblast state archive of socio-political history, as well as materials of local periodicals. A significant number of archival documents are for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, which is the scientific novelty of the research.
Integration and adaptation of migrants from other cultures in the Ural-Volga Region
Authors: Khusnutdinova Lyailya Gelsovna
Published: December 2020

The adaptive processes of migrants are quite complex and are caused by a variety of economic, social, cultural, educational factors, and problems. An important condition for the successful adaptation of migrants is their legalization, i.e. migration registration and statutory permits (work permits or patents). Knowledge of the Russian language makes it possible to get information about employment regulations in Russia, increases the chances of obtaining legal work, reduces dependence on fellow countrymen in employment and advancement, enhances contact with the local population, ensures the implementation of the rights of migrants to vocational training, medical care and so on. Based on the results of opinion polls, as well as our own field materials collected in 2014-2015, this article examines the integration and adaptation of migrants in the Republic of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan, Perm Krai, Samara, and Orenburg regions, a complex ethnic and confessional composition of the population of the Russian regions. The studied regions experienced positive gains in implementing national policies at the level of the subject of federation and the whole of the Ural-Volga region. The active and successful operation of the municipal and regional authorities led to the integration of migrants into the local community. Of course, the Ural-Volga region has a positive image, which is based primarily on socio-economic, cultural, sports and other achievements as well as on good governance at the local level. This experience needs to be studied and spread to other regions of Russia.
Influence of dynamics of students professional motives by means of a foreign language
Authors: Rudneva Tatiana Ivanovna , Khramtsova Anna Borisovna
Published: December 2020

On the basis of Samara high school graduates life projects monitoring an issue urgency of high education institution choice and profession for the purpose of acquisition of professional competences is proved. In dynamic environment of societal life students need to acquire regulatory means for successful interaction with professional community representatives internationally that demands professional reasons formedness. Educational and informative activity of students is the most important means of students quality training improvement. In recent years researchers even more turn to study of training outcome which depends on the applied pedagogical means. Interest in studying of vocational training result from such subjective characteristic as motivation of high education receiving is unreasonably underestimated. Results of this research reflect new tendencies of modern high education: the integration processes setting new productive characteristics of vocational education quality - aspiration for career development, interest to creation of personal development trajectory. First and second year students survey results prove that set of educational means when studying foreign languages promotes revitalizing not only student cognitive activity but also reinforcement of professional competences acquisition requirement allowing to implode into professional association. As a result the foreign language becomes an evolvement means of professional motivation and the mechanism of linguistic identity formation that is successfully socialized in international professional area. The methodical aspect of a problem is presented by conditions of a foreign language acquisition: verbal and semantic, thesaurus, pragmatical. The comparative analysis of experimental work results confirms the expediency of students readiness formation for integration into new type of social reality in the course of communicative education. It is proved that the result of communicative education is achieved by integration of two models (the model of the linguistic identity and model of professional activity) that is assisted by means of a foreign language.
Assessment of the ecological state of the pond on the phytoplankton indicators (for example, Kuchane Lake, Pskov Region)
Authors: Drozdenko Tatiana Victorovna , Kurka Anastasiya Andreevna
Published: December 2020

Aquatic ecosystems are in balance with the external environment factors and have a complex system of biological connections, disturbed under the influence of anthropogenic factors. First of all, the influence of anthropogenic factors affect the taxonomic composition of aquatic communities. Assessment of the degree of water pollution on the composition of living organisms to quickly establish its ecological condition. In summer 2016 the first time studied the planktonic algae Kuchane Lake located in Pushkinogorsky district of the Pskov Region on the territory of the Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin Mikhailovskoye. Phytoplankton is one of the main components of the aquatic ecosystem, quickly responding to any changes in the environmental conditions, and its structural characteristics are the important elements in evaluating the ecological state of the pond. The article discusses the use of phytoplankton to assess the water quality of Kuchane Lake. Showed taxonomic composition of phytoplankton of the lake in the summer. Algae is characterized by relatively high species diversity. One hundred twenty six species taxa of phytoplankton belonging to 8 phylums were identified during the research: Chlorophyta (45), Bacillariophyta (38), Euglenohyta (15), Cyanophyta/Cyanoprokaryota (9), Dinophyta (7), Chrysohyta (6), Сryptophyta (5), Xanthophyta (1). The basis of phytoplankton up green and diatoms. Investigated ecological and geographical analysis of phytoplankton and saprobiological analysis of the quality of the lake water.
General strategy of leaf beetles reproductive behavior (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Pavlov Sergey Ivanovich
Published: December 2020

Reproductive behavior of 25 background species leaf beetles was studied in the conditions of Samara Region during 19742014 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Strategy of adults reproductive behavior, which fundamentally different from individuals of the opposite sex is a complex includes more than 60 types of locomotion behavioral reactions and aimed to attracting the active partner, usually the male, search and preparation of the female for the mate as final stage of the reproductive process. Adult-female undergoes five stages of reproductive transformation accompanied by 18 types of behavioral reactions after emergence. There are food of ripening, involvement of species-specific male of attractant, mating, ovulation and egg laying. Adult-male overcomes five stages too, provided almost by 30 types of behavioral reactions in the course of life. There are preparation, mating, and food maturation, search for females training females to mating, mating, and post-nuptial final cleaning. Temporal and physical resource of female and male survival in different situations, as well as time budgets, of both sexes daily activity at different stages of its generation cycle estimated. Occurrence of non-standard reproductive situations or failures, which are explained by objective reasons, for example errors in chemonavigation of males, violation of a genetically programmed sequence of stages of behavior, inconsistency sexual cycles of the partners discusses.
Round dwellings of the saka epoch
Authors: Beisenov Arman Ziyadenovich
Published: December 2020

Based on the excavation materials from the settlement Tuyetas studied by the author on the territory of Karaganda Region, the characteristics of such a type of Saka dwellings as round houses are considered. According to archaeological research, on the territory of Kazakhstan rounded frame dwellings, along with rectangular, were commonly widespread in the Bronze Age. The frame house with round plan is known from the materials of Saka time Zhetysu (settlement Butakty-1). On the settlement Tuyetas on the excavated area of 408 square meters the remains of foundations of round houses and two annexes were revealed. The author suggests that it was the house of the yurt-shaped form with a powerful stone base with a minimum width of 1 m and a wooden top. The construction with the overall diameter of about 13 m had several rooms, extensive grounds which were also made of stone. One round room with a diameter of about 33,5 m was in the centre. Wooden poles on the frame walls of the room at the same time supported the upper structure of the house. Houses of round plan were opened at the Saka settlement Sarybuyrat, located near the settlement of Tuyetas. This type of construction is recorded in a number of other not yet studied settlements in Central Kazakhstan. The study of Saka settlements in Central Kazakhstan is at the initial stage. The source base should be broadened for a comprehensive analysis of many aspects, including features and types of dwellings.
The historical novels of Sir Walter Scott – the substantial factor in the formation of Scottish national identity at the turn of XVIII–XIX centuries
Authors: Fedorova Tatyana Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the influence of Walter Scotts historical novels on the formation of national identity of Scotland at the turn of the eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries. In the current geopolitical situation, considering the growing wave of separatism, the relevance of the study of national identity formation process cannot be overemphasized. In the paper the author analyzes the historical preconditions of Scots national consciousness formation. The author also considers characteristics of historical and cultural development of the region. According to the author, James MacPherson and Bishop Percys works were equally important for national disunity overcoming in Scotland and Britain as a whole. Particular attention is drawn to the role of Sir Walter Scott in the process of national revival in Scotland. Such novels as Waverley, Puritans, and Rob Roy introduced the general public with the mental basis of the Scottish people. Having opened national character features and religious foundations of the Scottish worldview for a wide range of readers, the author awakened the interest of the British society to the heritage of Scotland, thereby laying the basis for a successful integration of the two peoples into a single nation. Sir Walter Scott managed to revive national prestige of Scotland that had fallen victim after the signing of Union in 1707.
The introduction of vaccination practice in the Orenburg Region in the early XIX century
Authors: Mifteeva Diana Maratovna
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this work is to research the process of introduction of smallpox prevention in the Orenburg Region in the early 19th century. The author focuses the main attention on the organization and activity of subsidiary medical institutions smallpox committees. The author shows the role of Free Economic Society, doctors, clergy, civil people in the development of smallpox prevention in the region. Based on the analysis of historical sources which are represented in the state archive of the Orenburg Region (fund 6 the offices of Orenburg military governor) the author makes an attempt to detect the main cause of civil resistance in the region. The author used chronological, historical, retrospective and inquiry learning methods. The conducted research showed that in the 19th century in the Orenburg province there was a system of vaccine prevention of smallpox among the population despite the difficult sanitary and epidemiologic situation, lack of medical institutions and shortage of qualified medical personnel. The formation of this process started in the early XIX century. Thus, effective activities of the state and public organizations during this period let to lower the general illness rate and death rates from natural smallpox among the population in the Orenburg province.
Cross-cutting tasks system as a condition of professional training orientation of students majoring in «Applied Information Technologies»
Authors: Vaseva Elena Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the cross-cutting tasks system use for the university education as a necessary condition of professional education orientation. The application of the cross-cutting tasks system promotes holistic students thinking and helps to master the means of action in a particular work situation. The paper contains a fragment of the system developed by the author for the course Subject-oriented economic information systems for bachelor students majoring in Applied Information Technologies in Economics. The course consists of several modules, the cross-cutting tasks system is used in the module Information systems of personnel management. The fragment of the system contains multiple plot lines that show methods of standard operations for personnel documents maintaining and enterprise personnel management, calculation and salary payment in the automated system. Specific tasks help to demonstrate continuity and connectivity of all sections in the module. The author of the paper considers some difficulties of the cross-cutting tasks system application: strict sequence of the methodology; difference in time that students need to perform the tasks; inability to include some tasks in the system; dependence on the results obtained during previous classes. The paper also contains possible ways of overcoming these difficulties.
The readiness of FPS of Russia departmental institute cadets for work with the convicted (theoretical aspect)
Authors: Zhiryakova Evgeniya Anatolievna
Published: December 2020

The necessity of professionals who are able to take effective measures immediately and adequately for the purposes of achieving goals has conditioned the requirements increase to the system of the departmental higher professional education that trains personnel for the penal bodies (the Penal System). The effectiveness of the penal correctional facilities depends on the level of graduates readiness for work with the convicted. The concept readiness was introduced into scientific use in 19501960 by B.G. Ananiev, but a unified position on its understanding has not been worked out in pedagogy. Scientists define it in different ways; it depends on the researcher approach to understanding the essence of readiness for professional activity. In this paper functional, psychological, personal, integrative approaches are characterized. The readiness for professional activity is determined by the requirements imposed to the specialist. The performance of the penal staff has some specific set of features; the main ones are focused on the convicted, as well as on its legal, peremptory, strictly subordinated character. The readiness for work with the convicted is thought of as an integrative synthesis of cognitive, personal components necessary for successful carrying out of professional activities and providing the greatest efficiency.
Theoretical and methodological foundations of organizing students’ project activity in institutions of children’s and youth arts
Authors: Mikhelkevich Valentin Nicolaevich , Ovchinnikova Lyudmila Pavlovna , Lisovskaya Anna Igorevna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents theoretical and methodological foundations of students project activity organization in institutions of childrens and youth arts. The retrospective analysis of scientific publications and advanced pedagogical experience related to young people creative development in the system of supplementary education (centers of childrens and youth arts et al.) proves that project technology plays a dominant role in encouraging students to learn modeling and design engineering as well as acquiring skills of independent creative activity. Values and advantages of project technology distinguish it favorably from traditional and innovative pedagogical technologies. The paper shows that project technology is oriented to integration, synthesis of students theoretical knowledge and their practical activity: it means that carrying out a project we not only set a specific creative task but also do our best to put it into practice in the form of pictures, drawings, applications, software, dummies, devices, robots, etc. Undertaking a particular project the student is supposed to learn how to identify social and technical contradictions and problems and overcome them. Project technology is focused on students creative work which helps to develop and strengthen the skills required to organize their independent work. The paper introduces the typology of training projects used in the center of childrens and youth arts as well as the techniques of their individual and selective choice. There is a focus on basic classification criteria of training projects: leading modality of students training and cognitive activity; the levels of interdisciplinary integration of knowledge acquired by the students while carrying out the project; subjects and conditions for project activity organization.
The study of pedagogical university graduates’ readiness to organize school students’ moral self-education
Authors: Polukhina Marina Olegovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of the experimental work on development of student-pre-service teachers readiness to organize school students moral self-education. The author describes the variations that took place in cognitive, motivational-axiological and activity components of pre-service teachers readiness to organize moral self-education of school-students. A cognitive component was studied by the method of conceptual vocabulary; the value orientation method developed by V.A. Yadov was used for motivational-axiological component and there was a questionnaire for activity component. The paper reveals the comparative results of variations in students perceptions about morals, values, moral ideal, moral self-education, as well as the methods of moral self-education, moral education methods and methods of moral behavior experience development received at the control stage of the experiment. The paper also presents changes that have occurred in the motivational-axiological sphere of students consciousness. It has been found that students are now focused on the intrinsic motivation of activity when organizing moral self-education of school students rather than on the external one. In the activity-component during the experimental work, the perceptions about skills have changed in the graduates consciousness, which are now based on scientific knowledge.
Vegetation cover and small mammals as the components of biocoenosis in the conditions of the Volga Upland
Authors: Boryakova Elena Evgenievna
Published: December 2020

The study of the nature reserve oak forest near the village of Pelya-Khovanskaya ecosystem was done in the region of Nizhny Novgorod. The investigated wood is unique for its complex structure. It is situated in the forest-steppe zone, characterized by a high species diversity of small mammals and vegetation, which indicates the complexity of trophic and spatial connections. Several series of sample plots were described: 41 of 2020 m and a number of 11 m sites, totaling 300. Abundance of species by Brown-Blanke scale and the number of specimens of adolescence were specified for each 1 sq. m. plot. Mammals were trapped with the help of trapping grooves and transects method. Vegetation cover is characterized by the presence of a clear intra-differentiation as well as the existence of two basic ecologo-coenotic groups/cores - the nemoral (with Pulmonaria obscura Dum. as the center species of the core) and the meadow-fringe. The most distinct group is formed by forest-shoot species. It can be explained by more forest-steppe rather than nemoral nature of vegetation. Small mammals are represented by the following species: common and small shrews, small forest mouse, yellow-throated and field mice and harvest mouse, vole-housekeeper, common, plowed and red voles, European mole. Two species among them - vole-housekeeper and mouse-baby - are listed in the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Matching burrows of mouse-like rodents with soil richness with nitrogen and humidity, two well-defined peaks are observed. The greatest number of burrows is found in places where the soil is high in nitrogen. Moles were found in areas with a large projective coating of Primula veris: coefficient Spearman rank 0,50. There was a negative correlation of the number of moles and vegetation covering of Pyrethrum corymbosum (-0,46), which is the marker of the driest parts in the forest. In general, the nature reserve oak forest near the village of Pelya-Khovanskaya is of considerable interest, both from botanical and from zoological point of view. Long-term studies of biocoenosis will allow to monitor the facility and to correct the proposed protective measures.
Introduction of Crataegus L. samples in the Kola North
Authors: Goncharova Oksana Aleksandrovna , Poloskova Elena Yurievna , Zotova Olesya Evgenievna , Lipponen Irina Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the introduction of genus Crataegus L. samples in Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute. The paper presents long-term periods of phenological phases onset of 14 Crataegus L. samples. Features of generative phenological development of 11 Crataegus L. samples are described. In the introduced Crataegus L. plants the time for the phenological phases passage depends on the origin and age. Adaptive advantages are plants of natural origin. This category of samples record phenophases of linear growth and lignifications of annual shoots which favorably affects the degree of adaptation. The phenophases onset of the majority of plants of the older and younger age groups is noted at close time. In plants of the older age group the phases of linear growth end and shoots lignifications are marked earlier than those of 18-19-year-olds. The indicators characterizing generative development (the duration of the prefloral period, flowering) are appropriate when assessing the adaptability of introduced plants. The majority of the samples are characterized by regular flowering and fruiting. The studied plants belong to the group with the average flowering onset. Short prefloral period contributes to early start and flowering end, earlier ripening of.
Technological analysis of Early Bronze ceramics of Shauke 1 settlement
Authors: Rakhimzhanova Saule Zhangeldyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper introduces the first results of special technical and technological investigation of ceramic artifacts discovered during the excavations of the Early Bronze Age settlement Shauke 1 located in the Pavlodar Region of North-East Kazakhstan. The research of ceramic objects is conducted within historical and cultural approach following A.A. Bobrinskys technique. 53 samples from different vessels were selected for the technological analysis of ceramic artifacts found at the settlement. The samples were investigated with the use of a binocular microscope MBS-10. The main objective of the research was to identify cultural traditions at a preparatory stage of ceramic vessels production. The author studied initial raw materials selection skills and forming substance preparation. The author recorded the use of several conditional spots as sources of raw materials. Six different recipes of forming substances were identified at the settlement of Shauke 1. The most common amongst them are clay + chamotte + organic solution (60,38%), clay + chamotte + bone + organic solution (28,30%). This indicates the presence of artisans who followed different traditions of pottery production at the site.
New sculpture of the era of early nomads from Turgay
Authors: Bazarbayeva Galiya Appazovna , Jumabekova Gulnara Sainovna
Published: December 2020

The paper introduces a stone sculpture of the era of early nomads from Turgay into scientific use. This region is the western wing of Saryarka. In 2015-2016 the monuments of the Tasmola culture were researched. The finding is a rather rare case of the location of the statue in the mound complex with stone ridges. Field researches of the construction with a statue have shown an unusual character of its site. Laconism in the transfer of the anthropomorphic image finds parallels in the sculptures of Central Kazakhstan of early nomads. Sculptures from Central Kazakhstan are similar to the sculptures of the Northern Black Sea coast and the South Ural steppes based on their purpose and pictorial techniques. It is assumed that the aspect of military glory, traced in medieval sculptures, originated in the era of the early nomads, and the evidences are the findings of stele and stone sculptures.
Portrait of the landowner and Slavophil V.A. Panov
Authors: Sudakov Mikhail Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze V.A. Panovs activities. He was one of the early representatives of Slavophilism. His biography is of great interest in the context of the Russian social thought history. The author characterizes V.A. Panovs main activities in scientific, editorial and publishing fields. The author also shows his cooperation with N.V. Gogol. It is shown that the most important aspect of V.A. Panovs activities was his work on two editions of the Slavophil anthology The Moscow literary and scientific collection. This edition brought together almost all prominent representatives of this social thought and caused a considerable resonance. The authors use of the Ulyanovsk Region state archive materials helped to portray the personality of the landowner Panov in his family history. The copies of charters, studied by the author, show that the consolidation of the economic positions of the Panovs family in the Volga region dates back to the 17th century. This process was associated with the active participation of V.A. Panovs ancestors in the fighting on the side of the Tsardom of Muscovy against the Polish Prince Vladislav during the Russo-Turkish war 1672-1681. V.A. Panov owned lands in three provinces (Simbirsk province, Penza province, and Nizhny Novgorod province). A notable fact of his economic activity was his participation in the holding of a special land survey.
The «Roman question» in N.V. Charykov’s assessment
Authors: Chernov Oleg Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

N.V. Charykov paid much attention to the Roman question. His interest to this issue was likely to have been formed when he was a Russian diplomatic representative at the Vatican. After his diplomatic service in the Vatican N.V. Charykov published its greatest scientific work that was dedicated mainly to the relations of Russia and the Vatican in the seventeenth century. The problem discussed in this paper is connected with Charykovs views on the Roman question rather than his diplomatic service. The Roman question was covered in two articles The Pope and Caliph and The Roman question, Leo XIII, and signor Mussolini. In these papers N.V. Charykov revealed the origins of the problem, its development and a solution of the Roman question, as well as potential problems. In his opinion, the problem arose during the unification of Italy and a solution was found under the Government of Mussolini who was interested in the support of the Pope. The author pays attention to the relations between Russia and the Vatican after their recovery, referring to his own diplomatic practice.
Development of existential aspects of professional competence of penitentiary system prospective employees
Authors: Tarasova Svetlana Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the problem of professional competence of penitentiary system employees. The author says that employees of the penal system should be ready for the challenges of the vital and professional way. The author defines existential aspect as part of holistic professional competence. Existential setting is included in the existential aspect of professional competence. Existential setting is defined as readiness of a future specialist for self-development and self-improvement. Existential setting is a spiritual resource of a person. Existential setting helps to maintain interest in the professional activity of penitentiary system employee in difficult situations. Existential setting is formed in the process of reflection development. The paper considers forms of educational work: existential dialogue, essays, solution of situational problems. The author gives a brief description of these forms of work and specific examples. The paper contains indicators of effectiveness: students interest in the spiritual side of life as well as in problems of the meaning of life and professional activities.
Teachers’ health-corrective activity management in connection with students’ educational work with computers
Authors: Shcherbakova Natalia Borisovna
Published: December 2020

The author of the paper pays attention to the problem of safe computer use by students. Schoolchildrens work with computers has such negative factors as: eye strain, mental stress, physical stress associated with prolonged static muscles tension of a personal computer user. That is why it is so important to train teachers for health-corrective activities with students who work with a computer. In this paper the author proposes to consider the algorithm of teachers health-corrective activity management in connection with students educational work with computers. The author notes the following components of teachers health-corrective activity: subject, object, means, process, result, environment, conditions. The author defines management of teachers health-corrective activity. The paper contains an algorithm of teachers health-supporting activity management; the stages of this activity are defined in accordance with the management functions: designing, organization, regulation, control and accounting.