bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning enables new approach to solve the boiling crisis
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2021

Combining machine learning and high-resolution thermometry data, researchers developed a model that can predict when a surface will reach a boiling crisis, past at which it could melt down.
Characteristics of HFC-134a absorption rate with [Bmim][Tf2N] in falling film type absorber
Authors: Esaki Takehiro , Uchiyama Hiroki , Matsukuma Yousuke
Published: June 2021

To develop an absorption heat pump with a hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant, this study evaluated its absorption rate with a falling liquid film type absorber. The HFC-134a refrigerant and [Bmim][Tf2N] ionic liquid were selected as the absorbent pair. The experimental apparatus was designed using the volumetric method, and the effects of the absorbent mass flow, temperature, and pressure conditions on the absorption rate were evaluated. Additionally, we calculated the absorption rate coefficient using the HFC-134a absorption transport model. The experimental results revealed that the absorption rate affected the desired amount of absorption equilibrium under the given temperature and pressure conditions. The absorption rate increased, while the amount of absorption at the set temperature and pressure decreased. Additionally, the outlet amount of absorption in the absorber increased as the absorbent mass flow down onto the heat exchanger tube increased. However, the amount of absorption was saturated as the absorbent mass flow increased. We monitored the absorbent flow behavior in the heat exchanger tube. The gas–liquid surface area was not changed by the absorbent mass flow, and the thickness of the absorbent liquid film increased. The absorption rate coefficient was determined using the HFC-134a absorption transport model, and the absorber height was calculated for up-scaling. The calculation results revealed that, to achieve 80% of absorption equilibrium, the absorber height must be 4.3 times greater than the experimental value. Thus, the heat exchanger with high wettability must be designed with a high absorption rate.
Initial operation and data processing on a system for real-time evaluation of Thomson scattering signals on the Large Helical Device
Authors: Hammond K. C. , Laggner F. M. , Diallo A. , Doskoczynski S. , Freeman C. , Funaba H. , Gates D. A. , Rozenblat R. , Tchilinguirian G. , Xing Z. , Yamada I. , Yasuhara R. , Zimmer G. , Kolemen E.
Published: June 2021

A scalable system for real-time analysis of electron temperature and density based on signals from the Thomson scattering diagnostic, initially developed for and installed on the NSTX-U experiment, was recently adapted for the Large Helical Device and operated for the first time during plasma discharges. During its initial operation run, it routinely recorded and processed signals for four spatial points at the laser repetition rate of 30 Hz, well within the system’s rated capability for 60 Hz. We present examples of data collected from this initial run and describe subsequent adaptations to the analysis code to improve the fidelity of the temperature calculations.
Oscillatory microcells connected on a ring by chemical waves
Authors: Safonov Dmitry A. , Vanag Vladimir K.
Published: June 2021

The dynamics of four coupled microcells with the oscillatory Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction in them is analyzed with the aid of partial differential equations. Identical BZ microcells are coupled in a circle via identical narrow channels containing all the components of the BZ reaction, which is in the stationary excitable state in the channels. Spikes in the BZ microcells generate unidirectional chemical waves in the channels. A thin filter is put in between the end of the channel and the cell. To make coupling between neighboring cells of the inhibitory type, hydrophobic filters are used, which let only Br2 molecules, the inhibitor of the BZ reaction, go through the filter. To simulate excitatory coupling, we use a hypothetical filter that let only HBrO2 molecules, the activator of the BZ reaction, go through it. New dynamic modes found in the described system are compared with the “old” dynamic modes found earlier in the analogous system of the “single point” BZ oscillators coupled in a circle by pulses with time delay. The “new” and “old” dynamic modes found for inhibitory coupling match well, the only difference being much broader regions of multi-rhythmicity in the “new” dynamic modes. For the excitatory type of coupling, in addition to four symmetrical modes of the “old” type, many new asymmetrical modes coexisting with the symmetrical ones have been found. Asymmetrical modes are characterized by the spikes occurring any time within some finite time intervals.
Decrypting the boiling crisis through data-driven exploration of high-resolution infrared thermometry measurements
Authors: Ravichandran Madhumitha , Su Guanyu , Wang Chi , Seong Jee Hyun , Kossolapov Artyom , Phillips Bren , Rahman Md Mahamudur , Bucci Matteo
Published: June 2021

We develop a neural network model capable of predicting the margin to the boiling crisis (i.e., the departure from nucleate boiling ratio, DNBR) from high-resolution infrared measurements of the bubble dynamics on surfaces with different morphologies and wettability (or wickability). We use a feature ranking algorithm, i.e., minimum redundancy maximum relevance, to elucidate the importance of fundamental boiling parameters, i.e., nucleation site density, bubble departure frequency, growth time, and footprint radius, in predicting the boiling crisis. We conclude that these parameters are all necessary and equally important. This result has profound implications, as it undermines the general validity of many observations and mechanistic models that attempt to predict the critical heat flux (CHF) by describing how a single boiling parameter changes with the heat flux or from one surface to another. Notably, the neural network model can predict the DNBR on CHF-enhancing surfaces of different wickability without using any input information related to the surface properties. This result suggests that, at least on the considered surfaces, surface wickability enhances the CHF by modifying the bubble dynamics, i.e., the aforesaid boiling parameters, rather than acting as an additional heat removal mechanism.
Effect of high pressure anneal on switching dynamics of ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide capacitors
Authors: Buyantogtokh Batzorig , Gaddam Venkateswarlu , Jeon Sanghun
Published: June 2021

Investigation of the polarization switching mechanism in ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) film is of great importance for developing high-quality ferroelectric memory devices. Recently, several works have been reported to describe the switching process of polycrystalline HZO film using the inhomogeneous field mechanism (IFM) model. However, no report has recorded the effect of high pressure annealing (HPA) on the polarization switching process. In this paper, we have carried out a careful investigation on the switching properties of HZO capacitors annealed at 600 °C with various high pressure conditions (1, 50, and 200 atm) using the IFM model. As pressure increases to 200 atm, the ferroelectric properties were enhanced in the HZO films, and, as a result, highest remanent polarization (Pr of 24.5 μC/cm2) was observed when compared with 1 and 50 atm. Similarly, as HPA increases, the HZO capacitors showed a decrement of the coercive field, which significantly improved the switching properties. The time consumed for reversing 80% polarization was 113.1, 105.7, and 66.5 ns for the sample annealed at 1, 50, and 200 atm, respectively. From the IFM model, the smallest active field (2.997 MV/cm) and a uniform distribution of the local electric field (0.304) were observed at 200 atm. Furthermore, the characteristic time constant (τ0) showed a decreasing trend (34.7, 18.1, and 11.7 ps) with increasing HPA. The improved switching properties and detailed findings recorded in this study may be helpful for developing the ferroelectric hafnia based non-volatile memory applications.
Multireference calculations on the ground and lowest excited states and dissociation energy of LuF
Authors: Almeida Nuno M. S. , Melin Timothé R. L. , Wilson Angela K.
Published: June 2021

High level multireference calculations were performed for LuF for a total of 132 states, including four dissociation channels Lu(2D) + F(2P), Lu(2P) + F(2P), and two Lu(4F) + F(2P). The 6s, 5d, and 6p orbitals of lutetium, along with the valence 2p and 3p orbitals of fluorine, were included in the active space, allowing for the accurate description of static and dynamic correlation. The Lu(4F) + F(2P) channel has intersystem spin crossings with the Lu(2P) + F(2P) and Lu(2D) + F(2P) channels, which are discussed herein. To obtain spectroscopic constants, bond lengths, and excited states, multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) was used at a quadruple-ζ basis set level, correlating also the 4f electrons and corresponding orbitals. Core spin–orbit (C-MRCI) calculations were performed, revealing that 13Π0− is the first excited state closely followed by 13Π0+. In addition, the dissociation energy of LuF was determined at different levels of theory, with a range of basis sets. A balance between core correlation and a relativistic treatment of electrons is fundamental to obtain an accurate description of the dissociation energy. The best prediction was obtained with a combination of coupled-cluster single, double, and perturbative triple excitations /Douglas–Kroll–Hess third order Hamiltonian methods at a complete basis set level with a zero-point energy correction, which yields a dissociation value of 170.4 kcal mol−1. Dissociation energies using density functional theory were calculated using a range of functionals and basis sets; M06-L and B3LYP provided the closest predictions to the best ab initio calculations.
Gallium vacancy formation in oxygen annealed β-Ga2O3
Authors: Jesenovec Jani , Weber Marc H. , Pansegrau Christopher , McCluskey Matthew D. , Lynn Kelvin G. , McCloy John S.
Published: June 2021

In this study, the formation and character of gallium vacancies (VGa) and their complexes in near surface and bulk regions of single crystal β-Ga2O3 were explored using unintentionally doped single crystals grown by the Czochralski method. As-grown and O2 annealed (up to 1550 °C) samples were investigated using positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) to study the top 0.05–6 μm, and also current–voltage measurements and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, with hydrogenated samples to probe VGa, to study the bulk. After annealing in O2 > 1000 °C, the β-Ga2O3 resistivity begins increasing, up to ∼109 Ω cm for 1550 °C treatment, with the top 0.5 mm being many orders of magnitude more resistive. PAS measurements of the top 6 μm (S values) and very near surface 200 nm (diffusion length, L) indicate differential behavior as a function of peak annealing temperature. At least four temperature regimes of behavior are described. VGa are present in the bulk after growth, but considerable changes occur upon annealing at a temperature ≈1000 °C, where L and S decrease simultaneously, suggesting an increasing defect concentration (L) but a decreasing defect volume (S). Annealing at a temperature ≈1400 °C increases S again, showing an increasing volume concentration of VGa, with IR absorption showing a large signature of VGa-2H, indicative of increased VGa formation that was not present when annealing at a temperature ≈1000 °C. These results suggest that defect changes from annealing in oxygen are depth dependent, and that VGa configuration may not be the same near the oxygen-exposed surface of the sample and in the bulk.
Cross-sectional analysis of dental treatment under general anaesthesia in hospitalised Western Australian children in 2018–19
Authors: Alshehri Yosef Faraj Amer , Nicholls Wendy , Mai Nhu Quynh , Park Joon Soo , Kruger Estie
Published: June 2021

Objective To date, there has been little research that has comprehensively analysed dental treatment under general anaesthesia (DGA) at Perth Children’s Hospital (PCH) for dental emergencies (dental pain and sepsis). This cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the PCH dental department analysed the demographic of children admitted and the type of treatment used, and assessed the cost. Methods This was a retrospective descriptive study analysing the dental records of patients ranging from 2 to 16 years of age at PCH in Western Australia. Of the 310 cases randomly selected from the 2018–19 study period, 202 were admitted for DGA. Two outcome measures were derived: cumulative count of treatment mix and cost analysis. Results The mean (±s.d.) age at the time of admission was 6.2 ± 2.6 years and the mean (±s.d.) decayed (d/D), missing, (m/M) and filled (f/F) teeth (dmft/DMFT) was 2.1 ± 0.8. Of the 429 teeth affected, 282 were molars. Treatments were grouped therapeutically; of the 856 treatments performed, 465 were extractions (54%). The total cost, consisting of direct and indirect costs, was A$313 823, and equated to an approximate mean (±s.d.) of A$1554 ± 109 per case. Conclusion Untreated dental caries was the most common cause for hospital admission. Most cases presenting at the emergency department were young children (<7 years old) who underwent extractions under DGA. What is known about the topic? The Child Dental Benefits Schedule (CDBS) was introduced to improve access and affordability to oral health care for children without private dental insurance. However, a significant number of children are still being admitted to hospital for emergency dental treatment. What does this paper add? Despite the availability of the CDBS, untreated dental caries remains one of the most common reasons for dental emergency in the PCH. What are the implications for practitioners? Not only are direct costs a burden on the health budget, but indirect and intangible costs also affect children and their families.
High Th2 cytokine levels and upper airway inflammation in human inherited T-bet deficiency
Authors: Yang Rui , Weisshaar Marc , Mele Federico , Benhsaien Ibtihal , Dorgham Karim , Han Jing , Croft Carys A. , Notarbartolo Samuele , Rosain Jérémie , Bastard Paul , Puel Anne , Fleckenstein Bernhard , Glimcher Laurie H. , Di Santo James P. , Ma Cindy S. , Gorochov Guy , Bousfiha Aziz , Abel Laurent , Tangye Stuart G. , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Bustamante Jacinta , Sallusto Federica
Published: June 2021

We have described a child suffering from Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) due to autosomal recessive, complete T-bet deficiency, which impairs IFN-γ production by innate and innate-like adaptive, but not mycobacterial-reactive purely adaptive, lymphocytes. Here, we explore the persistent upper airway inflammation (UAI) and blood eosinophilia of this patient. Unlike wild-type (WT) T-bet, the mutant form of T-bet from this patient did not inhibit the production of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, when overexpressed in T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Moreover, Herpesvirus saimiri–immortalized T cells from the patient produced abnormally large amounts of Th2 cytokines, and the patient had markedly high plasma IL-5 and IL-13 concentrations. Finally, the patient’s CD4+ αβ T cells produced most of the Th2 cytokines in response to chronic stimulation, regardless of their antigen specificities, a phenotype reversed by the expression of WT T-bet. T-bet deficiency thus underlies the excessive production of Th2 cytokines, particularly IL-5 and IL-13, by CD4+ αβ T cells, causing blood eosinophilia and UAI. The MSMD of this patient results from defective IFN-γ production by innate and innate-like adaptive lymphocytes, whereas the UAI and eosinophilia result from excessive Th2 cytokine production by adaptive CD4+ αβ T lymphocytes.
Investigation of the effect of using radiation protective glasses on the photon fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients of eye substructures
Authors: Ebrahimi-Khankook Atiyeh , Vejdani-Noghreiyan Alireza , Ziyaei-Laeen Shirin
Published: June 2021

The use of radiation protective glasses is common in radiation-contaminated environments. However, the effect of these glasses has not yet been investigated on the fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients (DCCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of five types of gamma ray protective glasses on the photon fluence-to-DCCs of different eye substructures. For this purpose, a real eye model has been used and its conversion coefficients have been calculated in the presence of five types eye protective glasses with chemical formulae of ZnO–PbO–B2O3, Bi2O3–PbO–B2O3, PbO–B2O3, PbO–BaO–Na2O–MgO–B2O3 and BaO–Nb2O3–P2O5. Calculations were performed for monoenergetic photon sources, whose energy ranges from 0.02 to 10 MeV, with different polar and azimuthal angles. The results indicate that the use of radiation protective glasses has acceptable effects on reducing the fluence-to-DCCs only at low photon energies up to 500 keV. At medium energy levels up to about 1 MeV, the effect of the glasses is negligible. However, at high energies it increases the fluence-to-DCCs for sensitive parts of the eye.
Matching for random systems with an application to minimal weight expansions
Authors: Dajani Karma , Kalle Charlene , Maggioni Marta
Published: June 2021

We extend the notion of matching for one-dimensional dynamical systems to random matching for random dynamical systems on an interval. We prove that for a large family of piecewise affine random systems of the interval the property of random matching implies that any invariant density is piecewise constant. We further introduce a one-parameter family of random dynamical systems that produce signed binary expansions of numbers in the interval [−1, 1]. This family has random matching for Lebesgue almost every parameter. We use this to prove that the frequency of the digit 0 in the associated signed binary expansions never exceeds

1

2

.
Mathematical analysis of Poisson–Nernst–Planck models with permanent charges and boundary layers: studies on individual fluxes
Authors: Chen Jianing , Wang Yiwei , Zhang Lijun , Zhang Mingji
Published: June 2021

This work focuses on a one-dimensional Poisson–Nernst–Planck system including small permanent charges for ionic flows with one cation and one anion through a membrane channel. Our main interest is to examine the qualitative properties of the individual fluxes with boundary layers that is more realistic for ion channel problem study. Our result shows that the individual fluxes depend sensitively on multiple system parameters such as permanent charges, channel geometry, boundary conditions (concentrations and potentials) and boundary layers. For the relatively simple setting and assumptions of the model in this work, we are able to characterize the different effects of the nonlinear interaction among these system parameters in detail and gain a better understanding of the internal dynamics of ionic flows through membrane channels. Our analysis indicates that the small positive permanent charge cannot strengthen the flux of cation while reduce that of anion. Critical electric potentials which play crucial roles in studying ionic flow properties are identified. Some can be estimated experimentally. Numerical simulations are further performed and numerical results are consistent with our analytical ones.
Lorenz attractors and the modular surface
*
Authors: Bonatti Christian , Pinsky Tali
Published: June 2021

We define an extension of the geometric Lorenz model, defined on the three sphere. This geometric model has an invariant one dimensional trefoil knot, a union of invariant manifolds of the singularities. It is similar to the invariant trefoil knot arising in the classical Lorenz flow near the classical parameters. We prove that this geometric model is topologically equivalent to the geodesic flow on the modular surface, once compactifying the latter.
Pressure, Poincaré series and box dimension of the boundary
Authors: Iommi Godofredo , Velozo Anibal
Published: June 2021

In this note we prove two related results. First, we show that for certain Markov interval maps with infinitely many branches the upper box dimension of the boundary can be read from the pressure of the geometric potential. Secondly, we prove that the box dimension of the set of iterates of a point in∂Hnwith respect to a parabolic subgroup of isometries equals the critical exponent of the Poincaré series of the associated group. This establishes a relationship between the entropy at infinity and dimension theory.
A relevant document search system model using word2vec approaches
Authors: Savittri Selina A , Amalia A , Budiman M A
Published: June 2021

USU Repository is an institutional digital information system provided by Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) that preserves and distributes academic papers, such as thesis and dissertation, from all departments in USU. A search box is provided to help search relevant topics from this repository. However, sometimes the search results returned were irrelevant and did not satisfy the user’s expectations. One of the causes for this situation is that the search engine could not perform optimally, particularly if the query were long and complicated. One approach that can be used to solve the problem is using semantic search. Semantic search is an information retrieval process from a sentence that involves understanding the results returned by natural language processing. In light of this approach, this paper aimed to propose a semantic search to seek the relevance between the user’s input query and academic papers returned as search results. This study implemented word2vec method in converting sentences into vectors. This study indicated average precision scores for small datasets as 46% and 73% for larger datasets.
Usability Testing for Student Academic Information System in State Polytechnic of Creative Media
Authors: Tyas S S , Khairunisa Y
Published: June 2021

SIAM (Student Academic Information System) is an academic services information system that has been implemented at the State Polytechnic of Creative Media (Polimedia). It’s been two months SIAM has been integrated using Single Sign On (SSO). After we implemented SIAM new version we received a lot of complaints every day. In this research, the authors conducted a usability test on the SIAM new version in order to determine the effectiveness and performance of the application. Usability test components include effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. The average usability 70% indicates that the SIAM new version has a good usability performance.
Usability evaluation of a Gamification-based programming learning platform: Grasshopper
Authors: Nuravianty R , Santoso H B , Junus K
Published: June 2021

Online learning allows the learning process to be carried out anywhere and anytime. However, empirical studies report several obstacles that occur in the online learning process; one of which is the lack of student involvement. The learning materials of programming lessons generally have a low level of participation. Therefore, it requires a learning approach that is more attractive, easily understood by students, and promote engagement. Gamification-based programming learning platforms are widely available today. Research on determining the effectiveness of their use, investigating the system usability scale (SUS), perceived benefits, level of satisfaction, and user experience when using it is still limited. This study aims to evaluate a Grasshopper as one of the gamification-based programming learning platforms. Thirty-one respondents who had studied various programming languages at both the high school and university levels were involved in usability testingsessions. The results of the usability evaluation using SUS showed that the score was above average. The assessment of benefits and satisfaction also showed an average value of 8.6 which indicates that most respondents were satisfied with this application.
Heart Disease Simulation with Mixed Reality Technology
Authors: Syahputra M F , Zanury R , Andayani U , Hardi S M
Published: June 2021

Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Various types of heart disease include Coronary Heart Disease, Arrhythmias, Heart Failure, Heart Valves and Heart Muscle. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia calls on the public to be smarter in responding to the terror of heart disease. One of them through the introduction and early prevention of heart disease. As time has evolved, technology has become part of society. One of the things that can be done to prevent and recognize heart disease is to utilize the use of Mixed Reality technology as a medium for learning and learning. The use of Mixed Reality technology used is a device from Microsoft is namely Hololens. By using this tool, the developer can build applications to display 3D objects and their interactions. To interact, hololens use a targetting mechanism based on the view from the user’s side, a circular viewfinder as a cursor that can be directed with head movements and 2 gestures namely airtap and bloom by the user directing the hand forward until the sensor is detected from Hololens. In this case, the researchers visualize the type of heart disease in 3D and interact by applying hand gestures or voice input as interactions.
Human Detection and Identification for Home Monitoring System
Authors: Arisandi D , Elveny M , Rahayu R
Published: June 2021

Currently, a monitoring system is needed to improve security and productivity in various sectors, for example in public services such as education centers, offices, banking, stations, roads, and the industrial sector. With a monitoring system, public service activities can be well monitored. Apart from public services, a home surveillance system can be implemented, making it easier for household members to monitor home security. The monitoring system camera will record the object, the human object detection process is carried out with the Histogram of Oriented Gradient, after the object is detected, the facial recognition process of the object is carried out whether it is a member of the house or not by using Learning Vector Quantization. If the object is not a member of the house, the system will send a notification in the form of a photo of the object’s face to the user’s email. For object detection with the Histogram of Oriented Gradient, an average accuracy of 90% is obtained and Learning Vector Quantization for facial recognition is 85%.
Robot Arm Inverse Kinematics Wrist Tilt Repair Using PID Control System (Proportional, Integrative, Derivative)
Authors: Daulay B H , Lydia M S , Sembiring R W
Published: June 2021

This study aims to improve the inverse kinematics control method is usually used to control the movement of the arm robot. The tilting point on the wrist becomes the main concern because a certain point in the moving of the arm robot is tilted. Usually, the initial move on the x, y, and z coordinates, and the farthest point in these coordinates occurs the slope. In this study, the inverse kinematics control adjusted to meet the stability of the wrist in a horizontal position. The slope value is measured using the Accelerometer + gyroscope sensor and used as an error value is then processed with proportional, integrative, derivative (PID) to obtain smoother changes in motion.
Effect of airflow on Heat Pump in drying mode
Authors: Sihombing H V , Romauli N D M , Sinamo K N , Ambarita H
Published: June 2021

Manufacturers develop new technologies to process sensitive food materials to supply new products with improved properties and high quality. Heat pump technologies for drying can contribute to increased productivity, product quality, environmental and energy-saving benefits. Development of heat pump increase to decrease the drying time. A heat pump has been designed and fabricated. This paper improves the drying process with a variance air flow of the heat pump. During the experiment, the temperature, and relative humidity of hot drying air was the measure. The heat was analysed during the drying experiment. The result showed that the airflow of the drying has a high impact on drying. The temperature on the drying are plotted. This fact suggests that the direct contact on surface commodity, made the temperature on commodity has high.
Face Recognition using Self Organizing Map Based on Multi-Level Thresholding and Features Extraction
Authors: Saleh A , Dharshinni NP , Azmi F
Published: June 2021

Facial recognition has played a very important role in security systems in recent decades. Various studies have been conducted to find a good method for this recognition to be effective. The facial recognition process in this study uses the self-organizing maps (SOM) method which is based on Multi-Level Thresholding segmentation and extraction of image features. The obtained face image will be segmented using Multi-Level Thresholding and the face will be generated without involving the background. The image that has been segmented will be calculated the values of texture feature extraction using GLCM and color feature extraction using HSV. The resulting image will be carried out by a training and testing process for facial recognition using the self-organizing map (SOM) method. The test results in the proposed study showed good results with an introduction rate of 78.44%. This percentage is higher than face recognition without a segmentation process with a recognition rate of 65.78%. This shows that the proposed method has better performance for the face recognition process without involving the segmentation process.
Application of A-Star Algorithm on Pathfinding Game
Authors: Candra Ade , Budiman Mohammad Andri , Pohan Rahmat Irfan
Published: June 2021

Pathfinding is the method for determining the shortest path. Pathfinding is widely used in various fields of Computer Science. One of them is game development. This research will design and analyze the pathfinding using the A-Star algorithm and implement it on a tree planting game. The Artificial Intelligence in the game will find its own shortest path from the start node to the goal node. The heuristic of A-Star is the Manhattan Distance that allows movement in four different directions. The result shows that the number of visited nodes will increase if the grid has many obstacle nodes, and the average time of the A-Star pathfinding process is 0.0732 seconds.
Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-rays Using Resnet-50
Authors: Sreejith V , George Thomas
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 is a pandemic caused by SARS-COV2 which started from December, 2019 and is being spreading since then. There are more than 12 million cases in India and more than 130 million cases worldwide according to the current statistics. One of the basic challenges we face today is the early detection of this disease and putting the patients in special care as soon as possible. It’s fast spreading nature makes the situation more complex and putting together all the solutions we have today it seems like the wave is not under control. Current diagnosing methods and cures have its own drawbacks and it is clear that we need an alternate solution. The aim of the study is to evaluate performance of state-of-the-art pre-trained model ResNet-50 on COVID-Chest X-ray dataset consisting of 1000 samples. Resnet-50 achieved 96% accuracy with 0.98 sensitivity and 0.95 specificity.
An exploratory study on the viability of ECG Based application on Deducting Arrthymia Deduction
Authors: Amuthan R.
Published: June 2021

Automatic ECG classification is becoming a more common method in medical diagnosis and treatment. MATLAB was used to carry out the analysis proposed in this article. It is to classify that the ECG signals’ normality and abnormality are focused and the heartbeat is causing Arrythmia have been highlighter in this paper. The device called Electrocardiogram (ECG) has been a test which is to be done on the heart to see where there is Symptoms in the heart functioning. This paper contains the following details. To summarize, after collecting and filtering the ECG signal, morphological and dynamic features were extracted from the signal, which were then used in a two-step classification process.
Mobile application based assistive bot for intralogistics
Authors: Joshua Emmanuel P , Nagasuresh Manni , Anitha Mary X. , Roshini R , Kingston Stanley P
Published: June 2021

In recent years, technology has been developing rapidly to meet the increasing demand for human needs. Using robotics, human needs are met with speed and accuracy [2]. A robotic arm works by the controls provided by the user or by predetermined commands. The project described here is a robotic arm with 3 degrees of freedom to pick and place objects. The robotic arm is controlled using a mobile application and Bluetooth communication. The robotic arm uses servo motors interfaced with Arduino.
Industry 4.0-A Breakthrough in artificial Intelligence the Internet of Things and Big Data towards the next digital revolution for high business outcome and delivery
Authors: Sindhu V. , Anitha G. , Geetha R.
Published: June 2021

The assembling ventures are presently changing from large scale manufacturing to redid creation. The quick headways in assembling advances and applications in the ventures help in expanding efficiency and increased flexibility for smooth production. Industry 4.0 is the new term coined by the German Scientist and it is the most needed upgrading strategy for the present industrial revolution. It caters the need for the on demand technology where the sectors like 3D printing, Big data, block model, Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning with Internet of things play a big role in all the industrial areas today. Today need like on demand delivery can be achieved through this 4.0 standard thereby making high revenue for the organization’s business and customers as well. This paper insists the need for all the industries to upgrade themselves to adopt the Industry standard 4.0. It includes a deep survey on the industry 4.0standard and it significance in different disciplines of technology. It gives an opportunity and the viable scope for the industries to move forward and take their business a head following the practices in this standard. Thus this paper proposes a new business model which will give a phenomenal scope in the above said verticals.
Task specific Brain Synchronization in EEG based Speech and Speech Imagery Procedures
Authors: Anandha Sree R , Divya B , Kavitha A
Published: June 2021

Speech being a complicated cognitive skill of the brain, retrieving verbal information from spoken and imagined speech using electrophysiological signal is widely under research to assist the impaired. Electroencephalography has been a successful medium in analyzing the temporal and behavioral changes happening in the brain during any task. In this work an endeavor has been made to distinguish such changes while speaking and envisioning speaking the phoneme of vowel ‘a’. The brain activity was recorded from volunteers while speaking and envisioning speaking the vowel ‘a’ and the basic signal processing routines were applied. The EEG sub-band frequencies were extracted using Fast Fourier Transform (fft). The synchronization indices were assessed for the segmented signals of various sub-band frequencies and the behavioral changes were enlisted. It was seen that the left hemisphere of the brain functioned synchronously during speech task and an inverse phenomenon was observed during the imagery task. Hence the possibility of reconstructing the broken or incomplete speech from the directly recorded brain activity has reached a step ahead towards the milestone. This work exhibits the analysis of brain connectivity parameters while speaking and imagining a vowel ‘a’. Speech imagery can be used to decode the thoughts for patients who are unable to express their thoughts, using non-invasive techniques.
Varicose vein controlling system using EMG signals
Authors: Chandramohan Abinya , Sasi Anju , Venkatesh Suresh , Mohanarathinam A
Published: June 2021

Varicose veins are described as a neurological (mainly leg) disorder caused by irregular upward movement of blood flow in the arteries. The arteries were twisted, becoming swollen by either a huge condition called edema. The disease has a range of complicated consequences which is exacerbate the problem of varicose veins. Although varicose veins become wide, it may well be appropriate to remove by surgery. Varicose venous therapy involves intrusive and non-invasive therapies. The anti-approaches, include such as laser treatment and those complications of common techniques. The avoidance of such an issue in the varicose vein is fixed by knowing the exact pressure accumulated and in the leg. In this initiative, the approximation of the pressure in the leg must be compared with the normal pressure accumulated in the leg region. If the peak pressure is smaller than average, the system uses EMG signals to calculate the exact value, so that the artificial pressure generator produces enough pressure to compensate for all pressures. This device will contribute to both a cost-effective and user-friendly, there the efficiency of device compared with the several other therapeutic approaches. Compared with until the device usage and after device usage results our device will be more cost-effective and user-friendly also it can reduce the rate of accumulation to 74%. Patients caused by varicose veins can use the device that is healthier than the most of other clinical treatments.
Wearables for Respiratory Sound Classification
Authors: Shivapathy R. , Saji Steny , Haider Nishi Shahnaj
Published: June 2021

Respiratory disorders being one of the leading causes of deaths in the world, auscultation is one of the most popular methods used in early diagnosis and prevention, but this method faces drawbacks due to human errors. Hence the importance of an automated diagnosis method is being considered. This article investigates the classification of normal and adventitious respiratory sound analysis using the deep CNN RNN model. The classification models and strategies classify breathing sound anomalies such as wheeze and crackle for automated diagnosis of respiratory sounds. The data received through acquisition is denoised with Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, a noise assisted version of the EMD algorithm. The features of respiratory sound are extracted and sent for training in the CNN-RNN model for classification. The proposed classification model scores an accuracy of 0.98, sensitivity of 0.96 and specificity of 1 for the four class prediction.
Large aperture and durable glass-engraved optical metasurfaces using nanoparticle etching masks: prospects and future directions
Authors: Ray Nathan J , Yoo Jae-Hyuck , Nguyen Hoang T , Feigenbaum Eyal
Published: June 2021

Metasurfaces (MSs), or surfaces consisting of engineered spatially oriented sub-wavelength elements—also known as meta-atoms—are quickly becoming a burgeoning field of interest due to their seemingly unparalleled control over the propagation of light. This article will discuss the emergence of a MS technology that is based on dewetting thin metal films to form dry etching masks for MS fabrication. The novelty this process presents is the ability to spatially vary mask features—which translates into spatially varying index of the finished surface—in a way that, rather than writing subwavelength elements one-by-one, writes entire areas at once to provide a route to easily scale the process up to meter-sized optics. Glass-engraved MSs have shown to be laser damage resistant, with damage thresholds close to the parent substrate damage thresholds. Furthermore, these surfaces have proven to be mechanically durable and capable of handling normal loads two orders of magnitude higher than that of an average fingerprint pressure. This indicates that accidental handling contact is not detrimental to the MS optical performance. Also discussed are the foreseeable technological challenges, potential solutions for those obstacles, and some currently unexplored directions for future efforts.
Physical multimorbidity and incident urinary incontinence among community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years: findings from a prospective analysis of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Smith Lee , Shin Jae Il , Ghayda Ramy Abou , Hijaz Adonis , Sheyn David , Pope Rachel , Hong Sun Hwi , Kim Sung Eun , Ilie Petre Cristian , Carrie Anne Marie , Ippoliti Simona , Soysal Pinar , Barnett Yvonne , Pizzol Damiano , Koyanagi Ai
Published: June 2021

Background

There are no prospective studies on the association between multimorbidity and urinary incontinence (UI), while mediators in this association are unknown. Thus, we aimed to (i) investigate the longitudinal association between multimorbidity and UI in a large sample of Irish adults aged ≥50 years and (ii) investigate to what extent physical activity, polypharmacy, cognitive function, sleep problems, handgrip strength and disability mediate the association.

Methods

Data on 5,946 adults aged ≥50 years old from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging were analysed. The baseline survey was conducted between 2009 and 2011 and follow-up after 2 years was conducted. Information on self-reported occurrence of UI in the past 12 months and lifetime diagnosis of 14 chronic conditions were obtained. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analysis were conducted.

Results

After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to having no chronic conditions at baseline, having three (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30–2.48) and four or more (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.32–2.60), chronic conditions were significantly associated with incident UI. Mediation analysis showed that polypharmacy, sleep problems and disability explained 22.7, 17.8 and 14.7% of the association between multimorbidity (i.e. two or more chronic conditions) and incident UI, respectively.

Conclusion

A greater number of chronic conditions at baseline were associated with a higher risk for incident UI at 2-year follow-up among adults aged ≥50 years in Ireland. Considering the effects of different medications on UI and improving sleep quality and disability among people aged ≥50 years with multimorbidity may reduce the incidence of UI.
Plasma Adiponectin and Blood Pressure Progression in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Kaze Arnaud D , Musani Solomon K , Bidulescu Aurelian , Correa Adolfo , Golden Sherita H , Bertoni Alain G , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B
Published: June 2021

Background

Little is known on the association of plasma adiponectin with blood pressure (BP) changes in African Americans (AAs). We evaluated the associations between plasma adiponectin and BP progression among AAs.

Methods

We analyzed data from 1,184 participants without hypertension at baseline (2000–2004) with ≥1 follow-up visits in the Jackson Heart Study. We used robust Poisson regression to generate risk ratios (RRs) for BP progression (an increase by ≥1 BP stage) and incident hypertension.

Results

Over a median of 7 years, 71% progressed to higher BP stage and 65% developed hypertension. We found evidence of interaction by sex (P-interaction = 0.088). Compared with those in the lowest quartile (Q1), male participants in the highest adiponectin quartile (Q4) had reduced risks of BP progression (RR 0.76 [95% confidence interval, CI, 0.60–0.96]) and incident hypertension (RR 0.74 [95% CI 0.56–0.97]). After accounting for body mass index, this relation persisted among obese men (RR for the highest [vs. lowest] adiponectin quartile: 0.59 [95% CI 0.36–0.97] for incident hypertension, and 0.69 [95% CI 0.45–1.06] for BP progression). Among women, adiponectin was not associated with BP outcomes (RR [95% CI] for Q4 vs. Q1: 1.03 [0.86–1.23] and 1.01 [0.83–1.23] for BP progression and incident hypertension, respectively). Our findings were consistent across both the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) and Seventh Joint National Committee (JNC-7) BP categories.

Conclusions

In a large, community-based sample of AAs, higher adiponectin concentrations were associated with lower risks of BP progression and incident hypertension in men, but no significant association was observed in women.
Verbal Fluency Tasks: Influence of Age, Gender, and Education and Normative Data for the Spanish Native Adult Population
Authors: Lubrini Genny , Periáñez José A , Laseca-Zaballa Garazi , Bernabéu-Brotons Elena , Ríos-Lago Marcos
Published: June 2021

Objective: Phonological and semantic verbal fluency (VF) tasks are frequently used to assess language and executive functions in both clinical and research settings. F, A, and S are the most commonly used letters in phonological tasks across languages and cultures. Unfortunately, the lack of norms for the native Spanish population for these letters, and for certain semantic categories such as “proper names,” may lead to misinterpretation of scores due to demographic differences. The aim of the present study was to provide normative data for F, A, and S and for “proper names,” “animals,” and “fruits and vegetables” for the native Spanish population. Method: 257 healthy subjects took part in the study (ages: 17–100 years, 3–20 years of education). Correlation, multiple regression, and t-tests were used to select the most appropriate variables for stratification. Results: Education was the best predictor of performance in all tasks, followed by age. Given that t-test results showed no differences related to gender, with the only exception of the semantic category “animals,” this variable was not considered for stratification. Consequently, the data were stratified in two education levels (<13, ≥13 years of education) and in two age levels (<60, ≥60) within the low-educational level group. Mean, standard deviation, and percentile scores for each group are provided. Conclusions: The present norms provide a reference for clinicians assessing VF. This data may also facilitate comparisons with other normative studies in cross-cultural and cross-linguistic research.
Coercive Control: Patterns in Crimes, Arrests and Outcomes for a New Domestic Abuse Offence
Authors: Brennan Iain , Myhill Andy
Published: June 2021

Critics of the criminalization of coercive control warned that the criminal justice system was ill-prepared for a conceptualization of domestic abuse that relies on victim accounts of fear and manipulation rather than on evidence of violence. Using data obtained through Freedom of Information requests to police forces and aggregated police records, this paper presents police force-level and nationwide patterns in recorded crimes, police arrests and crime outcomes for this new crime and shows that, nationally, the number of recorded crimes and arrests rose steadily in its first three years, but there was significant variation in these patterns between police forces. Analysing police outcomes, we demonstrate that coercive control crimes face greater procedural challenges and are far less likely to result in prosecution than domestic abuse crimes in general. We discuss the implications of these trends and findings for the policing and criminalization of coercive control.