bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Pre-Consolidated Materials Manufacturing Method on the Mechanical Properties of Pultruded Thermoplastic Composites
Authors: Vedernikov Alexander , Minchenkov Kirill , Gusev Sergey , Sulimov Artem , Zhou Ping , Li Chenggao , Xian Guijun , Akhatov Iskander , Safonov Alexander
Published: June 2022

The choice of a manufacturing process, raw materials, and process parameters affects the quality of produced pre-consolidated tapes used in thermoplastic pultrusion. In this study, we used two types of pre-consolidated GF/PP tapes—commercially available (ApATeCh-Tape Company, Moscow, Russia) and inhouse-made tapes produced from commingled yarns (Jushi Holdings Inc., Boca Raton, FL, USA)—to produce pultruded thermoplastic Ø 6 mm bars and 75 mm × 3.5 mm flat laminates. Flat laminates produced from inhouse-made pre-consolidated tapes demonstrated higher flexural, tensile, and apparent interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates produced from commercial pre-consolidated tapes by as much as 106%, 6.4%, and 27.6%, respectively. Differences in pre-consolidated tape manufacturing methods determine the differences in glass fiber impregnation and, thus, differences in the mechanical properties of corresponding pultruded composites. The use of commingled yarns (consisting of matrix and glass fibers properly intermingled over the whole length of prepreg material) makes it possible to achieve a more uniform impregnation of inhouse-made pre-consolidated tapes and to prevent formation of un-impregnated regions and matrix cracks within the center portion of the fiber bundles, which were observed in the case of commercial pre-consolidated tapes. The proposed method of producing pre-consolidated tapes made it possible to obtain pultruded composite laminates with larger cross sections than their counterparts described in the literature, featuring better mechanical properties compared to those produced from commercial pre-consolidated tapes.
Experimental Study of Polypropylene with Additives of Bi2O3 Nanoparticles as Radiation-Shielding Materials
Authors: El-Khatib Ahmed M. , Shalaby Thanaa I. , Antar Ali , Elsafi Mohamed
Published: June 2022

This work aimed to intensively study polypropylene samples (PP) embedded with micro- and nanoparticles of Bi2O3 for their application in radiation shielding. Samples were prepared by adding 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of Bi2O3 microparticles (mBi2O3) by weight, and adding 10% and 50% of Bi2O3 nanoparticles (nBi2O3), in addition to the control sample (pure polypropylene). The morphology of the prepared samples was tested, and also, the shielding efficiency of gamma rays was tested for different sources with different energies. The experimental LAC were determined using a NaI scintillation detector, the experimental results were compared with NIST-XCOM results, and a good agreement was noticed. The LAC values have been used to calculate some specific parameters, such as half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), tenth value layer (TVL), and radiation protection efficiency (RPE), which are useful for discussing the shielding capabilities of gamma rays. The results of the shielding parameters show that the PP embedded with nBi2O3 gives better attenuation than its counterpart, PP embedded with mBi2O3, at all studied energies.
Antimicrobial Activity of Various Disinfectants to Clean Thermoplastic Polymeric Appliances in Orthodontics
Authors: Kiatwarawut Kanket , Rokaya Dinesh , Sirisoontorn Irin
Published: June 2022

There is a lack of research evidence on the risk–benefits of the various disinfectants in cleaning products and cleansing regimens. This systematic review compared the antimicrobial activity of various chemical disinfectants to disinfect the thermoplastic polymeric appliances in orthodontics. The study was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. An electronic search was conducted on Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Springer. Two authors independently investigated the risk of bias in duplication. A total of 225 articles were collected. After removing duplicates, 221 articles remained, and after filtering their titles and abstracts, 11 articles met eligibility qualifications remained. Finally, nine articles that met the criteria were selected. It showed that both over-the-counter orthodontic appliance cleaners and applied-chemical disinfectants were effective against bacteria. The duration and frequency of usage guidelines cannot be concluded.
Influence of the Web Formation of a Basic Layer of Medical Textiles on Their Functionality
Authors: Čepič Gracija , Gorjanc Dunja Šajn
Published: June 2022

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the spunbond process and the meltblown process, as well as various combinations of the two processes, on the functional performance of layered nonwovens for medical purposes. In the present study, eight samples used in the medical field, mainly for medical masks, were analysed. The samples studied were laminated nonwovens produced by the spunbond and meltblown processes, and combinations of spunbond and meltblown processes. In order to determine the influence of the technological process used to produce a base layer of nonwoven fabrics on their functionality, measurements of tensile strength and extension, water vapour permeability, air permeability, porosity, and thermal conductivity were performed. In addition, the structural characteristics of selected samples were analysed, such as fibre diameter, thickness, mass, raw material composition, and surface openness. The aim of the present study was to find the optimal combination of spunbond and meltblown processes for medical textiles. Based on the research results, we can conclude that the five-layer composite in which three layers are made by spunbond (S) and two layers are made by meltblown (M) in combination as SSMMS from PP fibres has optimal air permeability, filtration of pollutants passing through a protective mask, water vapour permeability and thermal conductivity, and is optimal for use as a multilayer nonwoven fabric for medical masks. Multilayer SSMMS composites also have a lower weight, resulting in less energy and time required for recycling such textiles.
Recent Advances in 3D Bioprinting: A Review of Cellulose-Based Biomaterials Ink
Authors: Wan Jusoh Wan Nazihah Liyana , Sajab Mohd Shaiful , Mohamed Abdul Peer , Kaco Hatika
Published: June 2022

Cellulose-based biodegradable hydrogel proves to be excellently suitable for the medical and water treatment industry based on the expressed properties such as its flexible structure and broad compatibility. Moreover, their potential to provide excellent waste management from the unutilized plant has triggered further study on the advanced biomaterial applications. To extend the use of cellulose-based hydrogel, additive manufacturing is a suitable technique for hydrogel fabrication in complex designs. Cellulose-based biomaterial ink used in 3D bioprinting can be further used for tissue engineering, drug delivery, protein study, microalgae, bacteria, and cell immobilization. This review includes a discussion on the techniques available for additive manufacturing, bio-based material, and the formation of a cellulose-based hydrogel.
Water Treatment Using High Performance Antifouling Ultrafiltration Polyether Sulfone Membranes Incorporated with Activated Carbon
Authors: Abid Zubia , Abbas Asad , Mahmood Azhar , Rana Nosheen Fatima , Khan Sher Jamal , Duclaux Laurent , Deen Kashif Mairaj , Ahmad Nasir M.
Published: June 2022

Membrane fouling is a continued critical challenge for ultrafiltration membranes performance. In this work, polyether sulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were fabricated via phase-inversion method by incorporating varying concentrations of APTMS modified activated carbon (mAC). The mAC was thoroughly characterized and the fabricated membranes were studied for their surface morphology, functional groups, contact angle, water retention, swelling (%) porosity, and water flux. The hydrophilicity of mAC membranes also resulted in lower contact angle and higher values of porosity, roughness, water retention as well as water flux. Also, the membranes incorporated with mAC exhibited antibacterial performance against model test strains of gram-negative Ecoil and gram-positive S. aureus. The antifouling studies based on bovine serum albumin protein (BSA) solution filtration showed that mAC membranes have better BSA flux. The higher flux and antifouling characteristics of the mAC membranes were attributed to the electrostatic repulsion of the BSA protein from the unique functional properties of AC and network structure of APTMS. The novel mAC ultrafiltration membranes developed and studied in present work can provide higher flux and less BSA rejection thus can find antifouling applications for the isolation and concentration of proteins and macromolecules.
A Proprioceptive Soft Robot Module Based on Supercoiled Polymer Artificial Muscle Strings
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhu Honghui , Liu Jia , Lu Haojian , Ren Yi , Wang Michael Yu
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a multi-functional soft robot module that can be used to constitute a variety of soft robots is proposed. The body of the soft robot module made of rubber is in the shape of a long strip, with cylindrical chambers at both the top end and bottom end of the module for the function of actuators and sensors. The soft robot module is driven by supercoiled polymer artificial muscle (SCPAM) strings, which are made from conductive nylon sewing threads. Artificial muscle strings are embedded in the chambers of the module to control its deformation. In addition, SCPAM strings are also used for the robot module’s sensing based on the linear relationship between the string’s length and their resistance. The bending deformation of the robot is measured by the continuous change of the sensor’s resistance during the deformation of the module. Prototypes of an inchworm-like crawling robot and a soft robotic gripper are made, whose crawling ability and grasping ability are tested, respectively. We envision that the proposed proprioceptive soft robot module could potentially be used in other robotic applications, such as continuum robotic arm or underwater robot.
Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Polylactide-Polyethylene Glycol-Chitosan Active Composite Films
Authors: Salazar Rómulo , Salas-Gomez Veronica , Alvarado Adriana A. , Baykara Haci
Published: June 2022

Chitin is a natural biopolymer obtained from the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin, which has antimicrobial properties and potential applications in several industries. Moreover, the composites of chitosan with other biodegradable polymers, such as polylactide (PLA) as packaging film, have shown promising results. In this study, chitosan was obtained and characterized from shrimp shells. Then, polylactide-chitosan composite films were prepared by a solvent casting technique using various amounts of chitosan (0.5–2% w/w) and polyethylene glycol as plasticizer (10% w/w). Thermal, mechanical properties, Fourier-transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, as well as antibacterial properties of composite films were determined. It was found that adding chitosan (CH) into PLA films has a significant effect on tensile strength and no effect on thermal properties. The results showed a reduction on average of 1 log of colony-forming units against Staphylococcus aureus, while there is no antibacterial effect against Salmonella typhimurium. The study proved the antibacterial effect of CH in films of PLA against Gram-positive bacteria and appropriate mechanical properties. These films could be used for the development of biodegradable/eco-friendly food packaging prototypes, as a potential solution to replace conventional non-degradable packaging materials.
Progress in Compact HF Radar Measurement of Bimodal Ocean Wave Parameters
Authors: Lipa Belinda , Daugharty Maeve , Losekoot Marcel , Fernandes Maria
Published: June 2022

We describe an extension of methods used for the derivation of wave information from compact high frequency radar systems and give examples of observations which are compared to measurements from wave buoys close to the radar coverage area. Previous methods were based on the application of the Pierson–Moskowitz wave energy model in the analysis of radar spectra. We describe the extension of the methods to apply a bimodal ocean wave spectral model which includes two different spectra covering different wave frequencies, e.g., from swell and wind-waves. Results are presented from data sets obtained from radar stations located in the USA and Portugal.
Mapping Climate Zones of Iran Using Hybrid Interpolation Methods
Authors: Asadi Oskouei Ebrahim , Delsouz Khaki Bahareh , Kouzegaran Saeedeh , Navidi Mir Naser , Haghighatd Masoud , Davatgar Naser , Lopez-Baeza Ernesto
Published: June 2022

Climate plays a key role in ecosystem services. Understanding microclimate change can be a significant help in making the right decision for ecosystems and buffering the effects of global warming. Given the large distances between meteorological stations and the changes in the climate variables within short distances, such variations cannot be detected just by using observed meteorological data. This study aimed at determining the spatial structure of the mean annual temperature, the annual average precipitation, and the climate zoning of Iran using data from 3825 stations from 2002 to 2016.The multivariate regression demonstrated the dependence of these variables on longitude, latitude, and elevation. Regression-kriging indicated a decline in temperature from east to west and northwest in high-altitude areas, while most precipitation values were observed over the Caspian Sea coastline and the Zagros Mountains. Climatic zoning showed that using auxiliary variables was very effective in detecting 24 climatic classes and understating the climate diversity in Iran. Hot to very hot and arid to very arid climate classes occupy the largest part of Iran, including the southeastern and southern desert regions. According to the generated climatic map, the large climatic diversity of Iran needs accurate policymaking regarding cultivation patterns and biodiversity. Visual comparisons of climatic zones with four remotely sensed agricultural-related variables showed that using such carefully produced climatic maps would be beneficial in classifying, assessing, and interpreting the remote sensed agricultural-related variables.
Glacier Mass Balance Pattern and Its Variation Mechanism in the West Kunlun Mountains in Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gao Le , Yang Xiaofeng , Qi Jifeng , Chen Wenfeng
Published: June 2022

Mass balance observations are beneficial for assessing climate change in different world regions. This study analyzed the glacier elevation change, ice flux divergence, and surface mass balance (SMB) in the West Kunlun Mountains (WKM) on the Tibetan Plateau using remote sensing data, including satellite altimetry, glacier surface velocity, and thickness fields. Seventeen local glaciers were examined in detail and showed varying surface elevation changes from −0.39 ± 0.11 to 0.83 ± 0.10 m/a. Overall, we obtained a reasonably rapid elevation trend of 0.21 ± 0.14 m/a. By combining the ice flux divergence and surface mass balance, the overall thickness change of the WKM glacier over time is almost zero, and the WKM glacier shows a positive mass balance of 0.21 ± 0.98 m/a. Moreover, the ice flux divergence is more significant on the ice tongue than in the flat region due to the more considerable gradient of surface velocity and thickness fields. We found that glacier heterogeneity dynamics were associated with a surging dynamic mechanism concentrated in the glacier tongue and were induced by inner terrain instabilities. The glacier surging causes a drastic drop in glacier elevation but does not cause a glacier mass gain or loss, and it has an enhanced effect on the ice flux divergence. Therefore, glacier surging is the main reason for the decline of the two glaciers monitored. In addition, the long-term meteorological data analysis found that, since 2000, the air temperature warming hiatus may have balanced the three glaciers, and significantly increasing precipitation variation may cause the glacier to thicken the most.
Applicability of the Separation Decision Regulated in the Turkish Civil Law According to the Islamic Law
Authors: DEMİRCİ İslam
Published: June 2022

Türk Medeni Kanununda boşanma ile beraber ayrılık da bir kurum olarak kabul edilmiş, boşanma davası açma hakkı olan eşe, kanunda belirlenmiş şartları taşıması durumunda, ayrılığı talep etme imkânı verildiği gibi, hâkime de ayrılığa karar verebilme yetkisi tanınmıştır. Köken itibariyle Katolik Kilise Hukukuna dayanan ayrılık kararının gayesi, aralarında geçimsizlik ve uyuşmazlık ortaya çıkıp evlilikleri sallantıda olan eşlerin, aralarındaki evlilik bağı hukuken devam etmekle birlikte bir müddet ayrı yaşamalarının sağlanması yoluyla, evlilik birliğinin çözülmesini engelleme ve ortak hayatı yeniden kurmalarını sağlamaya yöneliktir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İslâm hukuku bakımından ayrılık kararının uygulanabilir olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle ayrılık kararını tanıtan kısa bir girişten sonra, İslâm hukukunda ayrılık kararına benzer, ricʿî talâk, sulh teşebbüsü ve tahkîm gibi uygulamalar üzerinde durulmuş, ardından ayrılık kararının İslâm hukuku bakımından uygulanabilirliği değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, ayrılık kararının Türk hukukundaki uygulamasından olumlu bir sonuç alınamaması bir yana, İslâm hukuku açısından ayrılık kararına hem ihtiyacın bulunmaması, hem de yürürlükteki haliyle İslâm hukukundaki boşanma sistemine uygun olmaması nedeniyle uygulanabilir olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir.
The effects of different choice feeding methods on laying hen performance, egg quality, and profitability
Authors: KÜÇÜKOFLAZ Mehmet , GÜNGÖR Güven , YALÇIN Burak Rahmi , SARIÖZKAN Savaş , KONCA Yusuf
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of using whole wheat in choice feeding on performance, egg quality, and income of laying hens. In the study, a total of 160-Hyline W-80 white commercial laying hens aged 28 weeks were divided into four treatment groups and fed for 84 days. The treatment groups were as follows: 1) Control (C, standard commercial laying hen feed), 2) C feed+choice feeding continuously with whole wheat in a separate cup (CW), 3) C feed+weekly intermittent choice feeding with whole wheat in a separate cup (WW), 4) C feed+choice feeding with continuous whole wheat+limestone together in a separate cup (WL). Choice feeding by using whole wheat methods (continuous, weekly intermittent, and with limestone) caused a significant decrease in the live weight change of laying hens (P<0.01), increased feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group (P<0.05). Total egg yield and egg weight were not affected by choice feeding with whole wheat methods (P>0.05). Choice feeding by using whole wheat caused a decrease in total eggshell weight, thickness, shell weight per unit area, and egg yolk color (P<0.01). However, it did not significantly affect the egg shell ratio, surface area, albumen height, and Haugh unit values of eggs (P>0.05). Also, total production costs, egg sales income, and net profit values were similar in all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, the choice feeding by using whole wheat in laying hens did not affect the performance and economic parameters negatively; however, it caused reductions in some egg quality values.
Educação Ambiental e movimentos sociais: um estudo documental sobre os jornais da campanha
Authors: Machado Éverton Fernandes , Lindemann Renata Hernandez , Freitas Diana Paula Salomão de
Published: June 2022

Este artigo teve por objetivo investigar quais relações têm sido estabelecidas e disseminadas entre Educação Ambiental (EA) e os Movimentos Sociais (MS) em dois jornais da região da Campanha, no Pampa gaúcho, no período de janeiro de 2015 a julho de 2020. O trabalho caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa documental. A constituição do corpus documental compreendeu as seguintes etapas a partir da Análise de Conteúdo (AC) de Bardin: a pré-análise; a exploração do material; e, por fim, o tratamento dos resultados e interpretação. Como resultado, identificou-se uma variedade de ações destacadas nos jornais, em que se elucidaram possíveis articulações com os MS, com as macrotendências político-pedagógicas de EA adotadas como escopo teórico – conservadora, pragmática e crítica – e com a práxis de transformação.
Os efeitos do isolamento social durante a pandemia de Covid-19 sobre o meio ambiente
Authors: Guenther Mariana , Kelly de Souza Sales Letícia , Felipe de Souza Acioli Gabriel
Published: June 2022

O isolamento social decorrente da pandemia da Covid-19, necessário para a contenção da transmissão do vírus, causou intensas mudanças em nossos hábitos e rotinas em todo o planeta, afetando a economia, a educação de crianças e jovens, e a saúde física e mental de todos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos ambientais do isolamento social através de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, e a partir dessa análise produzir um material audiovisual que promova a educação ambiental através da divulgação científica, suscitando, através dessa experiência pandêmica, a reflexão sobre nossos impactos ambientais e as soluções possíveis para minimizá-los.
The verbalization of notion absence in the english language and culture
Authors: Radchuk Olga , Krapivnyk Ganna , Palatovska Olena , Nekrylova Olena
Published: June 2022

The article identifies the relevance of studying the notion of absence in English vocabulary from the linguocultural perspective. The focus on phraseology enables to analyze vocabulary units as the reflection of cultural code, ethnic traditions and history. The mental notion of absence, recorded in English lexical and phraseological units, represents their national and cultural identity that was formed for centuries and has been manifested in the naïve linguistic worldview of English native speakers. The analysis involved phraseological units, verbalizing absence in different ways: using set expressions with not; nominative units absence, absent, where absence is reflected directly in the root morpheme, and also in idioms, which implicitly express this notion. It was found that phraseological units with the semantic component of absence determine typical features of thinking, mentality, and behavior of the English native speakers. Ready-made phrases with lexemes absence, absent, and not were characterized and described axiologically. It was pointed out that the semantic component of absence emerged at the early stages of the English ethnicity evolution, and from the very beginning it has been axiologically marked as it identifies the absence of important life elements for an English native speaker.
The archaic law. Mononorms and archaic relations of the primitive communal society
Authors: Hanba Oleh , Liashuk Roman , Ivashkova Tetiana , Balendr Andrii , Olytskyi Oleksandr
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this research is to study the archaic law and its mononorms in the context of connection with the archaic relations of primitive society as a means of their implementation, as well as analysis of the dynamics of development of archaic relations, and their peculiarities. During the research were used the following scientific methods: historical, formal-logical, special-legal, comparative-legal, structural-functional analysis. The work is determined to study the problems of the existence of archaic (pre-state) law on conditions of the primitive communal society as the first known type of socio-normative regulation in the history of mankind. The reasons for its occurrence, the peculiarities of formation and provision are argued. The differences of archaic (customary) law from positive juridical law, which is inherent to state-organized society have been analyzed. The place and role of mononorms in archaic law, its characteristic features, peculiarities, varieties and methods of providing have been revealed. The structural elements of the mononorms have been highlighted, the syncretic nature of their application has been substantiated. Complex forms of the expression of the mononorms, that ensure their existence and regulatory function in the primitive society have been characterized. The archaic relations have been analyzed in close connection with the generated mononorms.
Providing the Ratio of Micro Hydroelectric Generation of the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant to Turkey's Total Electricity Consumption
Authors: BARAN Burhan
Published: June 2022

In this study, it was aimed to determine to provide the ratio of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) micro-hydropower generation to Turkey’s total electricity consumption. Primarily, population and treated wastewater flow predictions of Turkey were made between 2020 and 2023 years. The power predictions that micro-hydroelectric power plants could generate were made by using 2 meters drop height and predicted flow data. Then, for the same years, Turkey's total electricity consumption prediction was made. For forecasting data for the coming years, a forecast sheet application was used. Finally, the total predicted electrical energies that could be generated with micro-hydroelectric at municipal WWTPs were compared with Turkey's predicted electricity consumption from 2020 to 2023 years. Thus, the ratio of these two parameters to each other was determined. The population was predicted as 87873632 people and the total amount of treated wastewater (TWW) was predicted as 5117528600 m3 for the year 2023. Total annual electricity generation that could be generated from micro-hydroelectric power plants was predicted as 2231 GW/year for 2023 year, while the total electrical power consumption value was predicted as 312547 GW/year. It was predicted that the supplying ratio of micro-hydropower generation in municipal WWTPs to total electricity consumption would be 0.00714% on average between 2020-2023 years.
Evolutive History of Leishmania Genus and Differential Diagnosis of Clinical Important Species Based on a Unique Kinetoplastida Chitinase
Authors: Jordão Felipe Trovalim , Cabral Aline Diniz , Pereira Gabriel Lopes , Andrade Leticia Abrantes de , Santos Edmar Silva , Suzuki Rodrigo Buzinaro , Fuhlendorf Max Mario , Azevedo Lucas Gentil , Ramos Pablo Ivan Pereira , Queiroz Artur Trancoso Lopo de , Sperança Márcia Aparecida
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Leishmaniasis, a neglected infectious disease affecting humans, domestic, and wild animals, is caused by 20 from 53 Leishmania genus species and transmitted by sandflies. Leishmania genus, belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family and Kinetoplastida order, are grouped into five subgroups according to the biogeographic and evolutive history of parasites and hosts, leading to incongruences and paraphyly. The GH18 Leishmania chitinase, which is encoded by a species-specific single-copy gene, conserved in the basal groups of trypanosomatids, and absent in the genus Trypanosoma, was evaluated as a phylogenetic marker and a diagnostic target. Methods: Primers were designed to detect Leishmania in its host biological samples and obtain the chitinase sequence of species that are unavailable in public databanks. The GH18 chitinase gene and its genomic context were evaluated phylogenetically. A protocol was developed to discriminate Leishmania subgenera by adopting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism and using in silico tools. The adopted PCR method for detecting a partial 953 bp GH18 chitinase-encoding gene represented high sensibility and specificity on DNA of isolated parasites and was used as negative controls, Trypanosoma cruzi, and DNA from Leishmania hosts. Results: Preservation of the chitinase locus in the aquatic free-living protozoan Bodo saltans disclosed a primitive common origin. Based on the comparative analysis, the amino acid sequence of GH18 trypanosomatidae chitinase demonstrated its high similarity to that of chitinase from marine prokaryotes and protozoans. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on chitinase corroborated the Supercontinent Origins Theory for Leishmania. Conclusion: The chitinase-encoding gene was effectively detected in biological samples and thus could be considered for differential molecular diagnosis among Leishmania clinical important species worldwide.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN IPA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA MATERI GETARAN DAN GELOMBANG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DI SMP
Authors: Hadis Elfira S.H , Mursalin Mursalin , Paramata Dewi Diana
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this research is to produce science learning tools using the Discovery Learning model on vibration and wave material to improve student learning outcomes in junior high schools that are valid and suitable for theoretical use. The research method used is the development of a 4D model design which goes through 4 stages including the definition stage, the design stage, the development stage, and the dissemination stage. However, this research is only limited to the development stage. Data collection techniques are through expert validation sheets, practitioner validation sheets, and final semester students. According to the results of this research, it was obtained that implementation of learning by plan and teaching materials had a validity value of 0.85, while for student worksheets 0.87 and learning outcomes tests had a validity level of 0.84 with the criteria based on Aiken (V > 0.80). So that it can be concluded that theoretically it belongs to the very valid criteria and deserves to be tested by other researchers.
Development of recombinant antigen expression and purification for African swine fever serological diagnostics
Authors: Kit M. Yu.
Published: June 2022

The paper reports the purification and its optimization of recombinant proteins p10, p32, p54, p54ΔTM, DNA ligase and DNA ligaseΔDBD of African swine fever virus. The corresponding coding sequences were subcloned into pASG-IBA105 and pASG-IBA103 vectors, multiplied and used for transformation of competent E. coli expression strain. Expressed proteins were purified using Strep-Tactin XT purification system under native and denaturing conditions, as well as using detergents according to the optimized protocol for recombinant proteins solubilization from inclusion bodies. Among all expressed and purified proteins p32 and p54 were found to be immunoreactive and specific. Although p54 was unstable during long-term storage, after further storage condition optimization, the protein can be used for indirect ASF ELISA development. Recombinant p32 was shown to be an effective antigen for ASF ELISA providing detection of antibodies against ASFV with low background signal
Overview of Fundamental Frequency Sensorless Algorithms for AC Motors: a Unified Perspective
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Yuan Xin , Blaabjerg Frede , Lee Christopher H. T.
Published: June 2022

This paper uses active flux concept to review fundamental frequency sensorless algorithms for both induction and permanent magnet motors in one framework. Fundamentally, sensorless torque estimation can be directly solved using voltage model (VM) estimator, or indirectly solved using current model (CM) estimator. The latter turns the torque estimation problem into a speed estimation problem. The stator flux in VM and the d-axis angle in CM are deemed as the two sets of original states for sensorless drive. Through change of states, the direct torque estimation can be realized via observer designs; whereas the speed dependency of the unknown state (e.g., active flux and emf) gives rise to a class of speed estimation methods, known as model reference adaptive system (MRAS). The idea of a general speed observer is proposed to summarize various separate speed estimation methods needed for direct torque estimation. It is suggested to adopt inherently sensorless designs such that two-way coupling between torque estimation and speed estimation is avoided. For induction motors, it turns out the unmodelled voltage in the active flux dynamics reveals current flowing in rotor bars and can be further modelled, for which the solutions to regeneration instability problem are discussed, and change of states is recommended to attain global stability. Finally discussed are the results of slow reversal test, where local weak observability of ac motors can be potentially preserved.
Enhancing the shock-capturing ability of physics-informed neural network by weakening its expression near shocks
Authors: Liu Li
Published: June 2022

How to simulate shock waves is a long history topic. As a new and booming method, the physics-informed neural network (PINN) is still weak in calculating shock waves than traditional shock-capturing methods. In this paper, we pro-

pose a ‘retreat in order to advance’ way to improve the shock-capturing ability of PINNs by using a weighted equations (WE) method with PINNs. The primary strategy of the method is to weaken the expression of the network in high compressible regions by adding a local positive and compression-dependent weight into governing equations at each interior point. With this strategy, the network will focus on training smooth parts of the solutions. Then automatically affected by the compressible property near shock waves, a sharp discontinuity appears with the wrong inside-shock-points ‘compressed’ into well-trained smooth regions just like passive particles. In this paper, we study one-dimensional and two-dimensional Euler equations to show the effect of the new method.
On the Maximum Size of a Prefix Code
Authors: Horák Peter , Hromada Viliam , Grošek Otokar
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we investigate the maximum size of a minimal dictionary of a binary prefix-code string. We develop exact formulas for the maximum number of codewords of a minimal dictionary, which belongs to a binary string of some length. Further, we elaborate on the computational complexity of our approach and its relation to the Lambert function. We also present a way, how this information enables us to efficiently construct a Huffman code in the case of uniform probability distribution of codewords.

The paper is of mathematical nature, i.e. all the methodology used in the paper is based on mathematical proofs.
CPED: A Large-Scale Chinese Personalized and Emotional Dialogue Dataset for Conversational AI
Authors: Chen Yirong , Fan Weiquan , Xing Xiaofen , Pang Jianxin , Huang Minlie , Han Wenjing , Tie Qianfeng , Xu Xiangmin
Published: June 2022

Human language expression is based on the subjective construal of the situation instead of the objective truth conditions, which means that speakers' personalities and emotions after cognitive processing have an important influence on conversation. However, most existing datasets for conversational AI ignore human personalities and emotions, or only consider part of them. It's difficult for dialogue systems to understand speakers' personalities and emotions although large-scale pre-training language models have been widely used. In order to consider both personalities and emotions in the process of conversation generation, we propose CPED, a large-scale Chinese personalized and emotional dialogue dataset, which consists of multi-source knowledge related to empathy and personal characteristic. These knowledge covers gender, Big Five personality traits, 13 emotions, 19 dialogue acts and 10 scenes. CPED contains more than 12K dialogues of 392 speakers from 40 TV shows. We release the textual dataset with audio features and video features according to the copyright claims, privacy issues, terms of service of video platforms. We provide detailed description of the CPED construction process and introduce three tasks for conversational AI, including personality recognition, emotion recognition in conversations as well as personalized and emotional conversation generation. Finally, we provide baseline systems for these tasks and consider the function of speakers' personalities and emotions on conversation.

Our motivation is to propose a dataset to be widely adopted by the NLP community as a new open benchmark for conversational AI research. The full dataset is available at https://github.com/scutcyr/CPED.
Reducing Emotion to Mere ‘Information’ A Phenomenological Critique of a Partial Understanding of Emotion in Affective Computing
Authors: Monteiro Nithin
Published: June 2022

The paper is a Phenomenological critique of Affective Computing
Development of a methodology to analyze a blockchain-based solution applied to energy trading
Authors: Machado Solange , Roversi Karoline , Marcelino Roderval , Vigil Martín Augusto Gagliotti , Deters Odair , Fan Xugen , Rampinelli Giuliano Arns
Published: June 2022

The electrical sector has been facing a wide-scale transformation with renewable energy, distributed energy resources, information, and communication technology such as distributed ledger technologies. This paper presents a methodology for analyzing a blockchain-based solution applied to energy trading in Brazil. The proposed methodology applies for a proof of concept based on blockchain and other applications. Although the proof of concept in this study addresses the free-energy market, we also developed the methodology for the regulated energy market, net metering energy market, and decentralized energy market—peer-to-peer. We developed the methodology creating energy market metrics, researching electrical sector regulation and blockchain, and validating the case study. In this paper, we presented the validation of this case study through testing a proof of concept. We presented and tested the energy methodology through analysis of the free energy market. We concluded that proof of concept and methodology developed are precise and reliable for their applications. Our methodology may have a huge impact on the Brazilian energy market and may open peer-to-peer trading after law regulation.
Indian Legal Text Summarization: A Text Normalization-based Approach
Authors: Ghosh Satyajit , Dutta Mousumi , Das Tanaya
Published: June 2022

In the Indian court system, pending cases have long been a problem. In the courts, there are more than 4 crore cases outstanding. Manual drafting of case summaries is done by legal stakeholders. Manually summarising hundreds of documents is a time-consuming and tedious task. Many state-of-the-art models for text summarization have emerged as machine learning has progressed. Domain-independent models don't do well with legal texts, and fine-tuning those models in the Indian Legal System is problematic due to a lack of publicly available datasets. To improve the performance of domain-independent models, the authors have proposed a methodology for normalizing legal texts in the Indian context. The authors experimented with two state-of-the-art domain-independent models for legal text summarization, namely BART and PEGASUS. BART and PEGASUS are put through their paces in terms of extractive and abstractive summarization to understand the effectiveness of the text normalization approach. Summarized texts are evaluated by domain experts on multiple parameters. It shows the proposed text normalization approach is effective in legal texts with domain-independent models.
Formulating Connectedness in Security-Constrained Optimal Transmission Switching Problems
Authors: Han Tong , Hill David John , Song Yue
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on the issue of network connectedness

(NC) in security-constrained optimal transmission switching problems, which is complicated by branch contingencies and corrective line switching. Two criteria are firstly proposed with the principle of preserving NC as much as possible within reasonable limits. By extending the electrical flow based NC constraints, a proposition is derived to associate different cases of NC with the optimum of a linear program, yielding the mathematical formulation of the NC criteria. By Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions, this formulation is further transformed into a tractable version which can be incorporated with existing SCOTS models without affecting the applicability of original solution approaches. Finally, case studies on various networks and SCOTS models demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Hop Threshold-based Random Walk Routing for Improved Privacy and Network Lifetime in WSNs
Authors: Mukamanzi Florence , Raja Manjula , Datta Raja , Koduru Tejodbhav , Hanyurwimfura Damien , Mukanyirigira Didacienne
Published: June 2022

In this work, we have aimed at developing a new source location privacy preserving protocols to achieve uniform privacy privacy irrespective of the location of the source in the network with enhanced privacy and network lifetime. This is done without the use of fake packets and fake source. The proposed technique falls under the category of Phantom-based Random Walk Technicues.
Smart Channel State Information Pre-processing for Joint Authentication and Symmetric Key Distillation
Authors: Srinivasan Muralikrishnan , Skaperas Sotiris , Chorti Arsenia , Shakiba-herfeh Mahdi , Shehzad Muhammad , Sehier Philippe
Published: June 2022

While the literature on RF fingerprinting-based authentication and key distillation is vast, the two topics have customarily been studied separately. 

In this paper, starting from the observation that the wireless channel is a composite, deterministic / stochastic process, we propose a power domain decomposition that allows performing the two tasks simultaneously. We devise intelligent pre-processing schemes to decompose channel state information (CSI) observation vectors into ``predictable'' and ``unpredictable'' components. The former, primarily due to large-scale fading, can be used for node authentication through RF fingerprinting. The latter, primarily due to small-scale fading, could be used for semantically secure secret key generation (SKG). To perform the decomposition, we propose: (i) a fingerprint ``separability'' criterion, expressed through the maximisation of the total variation distance between the empirical fingerprint measures; (ii) a statistical independence metric for observations collected at different users, expressed through a normalised version of the $d$-dimensional Hilbert Schmidt independence criterion (dHSIC) test statistic. We propose both explicit implementations, using principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel PCA and black-box, unsupervised learning, using autoencoders. Our experiments on synthetic and real CSI datasets showcase that the incorporation of RF fingerprinting and SKG, with explicit security guarantees, is tangible in future generations of wireless.  
Dropped-Packets Repair and Recovery for Delay-Tolerant Wireless Systems Using Retroactive Interference Cancellation
Authors: Ahmed Ashfaq , Al-Dweik Arafat , Iraqi Youssef , Damiani Ernesto
Published: June 2022

 Data download and storage over wireless networks is a popular application for various multimedia such as images, audio, and video files. In such applications, the end-user may listen to or watch the downloaded media in real-time, and/or will playback the downloaded file multiple times in the future. Consequently, improving the quality of the stored multimedia will be highly desirable by the end-user, even if the initial real-time version had less quality. Therefore, this work proposes a novel technique to improve the throughput of wireless networks that adopt  nonorthogonal transmission and automatic repeat request (ARQ). Unlike conventional systems, the proposed scheme stores the dropped data packets for further offline processing where some packets can be recovered by applying successive interfer-ence cancellation (SIC) in a retroactive manner. Consequently, the proposed packet repair and recovery (PRR) scheme can improve the reliability of the received data without additional packet retransmission, which may offer a significant throughput gain. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, it is applied to image transmission for transportation systems. The obtained results confirm that a considerable portion of the dropped packets can be successfully recovered and the visual quality of the received image can be improved. In particular scenarios, the obtained results show that the proposed PRR technique managed to reduce the packet drop rate (PDR) from 10^{−1} to 10^{−3}, i.e., 100 fold, which implies that 99% of the packets that were initially dropped were successfully recovered.
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD FOR GEOMETRY FITTING
Authors: KIRAN Kadir
Published: June 2022

In this study, it is aimed to determine the optimal conjugate gradient (CG) method for the geometry fitting of 2D measured profiles. To this end, the three well-known CG methods such as the Fletcher-Reeves, Polak-Ribiere and Hestenes-Stiefel were employed. For testing those methods performances, the five primitive geometries accommodating circle, square, triangle, ellipse and rectangle were first built with a 3D printer, and then they were scanned with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to achieve their 2D profiles. The nonlinear least squares procedure was implemented to minimize the error between those measured data and modeled ones. An iterative line search was utilized for this task. The search direction was calculated using the above-mentioned CG methods. During the geometry fitting process, the number of function evaluations at each iteration were computed and the total number of function evaluations were set to be a performance measure of the CG method in question when it converged. By using these performance measures, the performance and data profiles were created to efficiently determine the optimal CG method. Based on performance profiles, it can be stated that the Fletcher-Reeves and Polak-Ribiere methods are the fastest ones on three test geometries out of five. In addition to that, all the CG methods were able to complete the geometry fitting of 80% of test geometries. On the other hand, by examining the data profiles, it was determined that the Polak-Ribiere and Hestenes-Stiefel methods achieve their maximum capabilities of the completing geometry fitting (i.e., 80%) with much lower number of function evaluations than the Fletcher-Reeves method. Besides, in most geometries, the Polak-Ribiere method outperformed the others, thereby it was determined to be the optimal one for the geometry fitting. As a conclusion, the reported results in this work might help the end-users who study on the CMM data processing to conduct an efficient geometry fitting.