bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caramelización para Cocineros
Authors: Duarte-Casar Rodrigo
Published: August 2024

Este artículo de divulgación trata sobre la caramelización, que es uno de los conceptos de ciencia de alimentos que los profesionales culinarios deberíamos comprender. Consiste en la descomposición térmica del azúcar que forma una amplia gama de compuestos de aroma, sabor, color, y también con actividad biológica. No es lo mismo caramelizar sacarosa (azúcar de mesa) que fructosa, glucosa, lactosa u otros azúcares. La caramelización y la fusión aparente (irreversible) del azúcar son procesos distintos, y según la naturaleza del azúcar y las condiciones culinarias podemos acceder sólo a uno de ellos o a ambos.
Viche: encontrabilidad, tendencias e ingredientes de una sopa emblemática manabita en búsquedas de Internet
Authors: Duarte-Casar Rodrigo , Intriago-Valarezo Rodrigo , Buzetta-Ricaurte Fernanda , Rojas-Le-Fort Marlene
Published: August 2024

El viche es la sopa más representativa de la provincia ecuatoriana de Manabí. No hay documentación clara sobre su origen y composición, pero hay consenso sobre su consistencia e ingredientes principales. El presente trabajo explora el comportamiento de búsqueda en la web mediante Google Trends de los últimos 19 años, y revisa los ingredientes establecidos en las recetas publicadas en la web. El interés máximo se encuentra en la provincia de Manabí seguida por Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Esmeraldas, Los Ríos, Guayas, Pichincha y Azuay. Un análisis año a año muestra que hay máximos de interés durante la primera semana del año, para Semana Santa y a mediados de agosto. Enero y agosto coinciden con alta afluencia de visitantes y Semana Santa coincide con la afirmación de que el Viche desplaza a la Fanesca como plato tradicional de dichas fechas, pero sólo en Portoviejo y Manta. Las recetas publicadas en la web tienen un promedio de 18 ingredientes, de los que los más frecuentes son siete, encabezados por maní, pescado, comino, maduro y choclo, con dieciséis ingredientes representados con frecuencia media, y tres ingredientes minoritarios. El Viche se confirma como un plato primordialmente manabita, con presencia ritual y festiva además de la cotidiana, y sin una presencia de autoridad en la web.
Valor nutrimental del paste de papa, platillo tradicional de Real del Monte, Hidalgo, México
Authors: Pérez Islas Juana Emelia
Published: August 2024

El paste de papa es un platillo tradicional de Real del Monte, Hidalgo, México, reconocido como pueblo mágico. Fue traído por los británicos en el siglo XVIII y perdura como parte de la gastronomía del pueblo y de algunos municipios de los alrededores.  Existe un creciente interés de la población por conocer que tan saludable resultan los platillos que se consumen, debido a la alta prevalencia de Enfermedades Crónicas. Por otra parte, existe la tendencia de la gastronomía sustentable como contribución a la dieta sostenible. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el valor nutrimental de este platillo tradicional.
The effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on cardiovascular function in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: a safety study
Authors: Tan Gansheng , Huguenard Anna L , Donovan Kara M , Demarest Phillip , Liu Xiaoxuan , Li Ziwei , Adamek Markus , Lavine Kory , Vellimana Ananth K , Kummer Terrance T , Osbun Joshua W , Zipfel Gregory J , Brunner Peter , Leuthardt Eric C
Published: August 2024

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is characterized by intense central inflammation, leading to substantial post-hemorrhagic complications such as vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. Given the anti-inflammatory effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) and its ability to promote brain plasticity, taVNS has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for SAH patients.
3,10,13
However, the effects of taVNS on cardiovascular dynamics in critically ill patients like those with SAH have not yet been investigated. Given the association between cardiac complications and elevated risk of poor clinical outcomes after SAH, it is essential to characterize the cardiovascular effects of taVNS to ensure this approach is safe in this fragile population
5
. Therefore, we assessed the impact of both acute taVNS and repetitive taVNS on cardiovascular function in this study.In this randomized clinical trial, 24 SAH patients were assigned to either a taVNS treatment or a Sham treatment group. During their stay in the intensive care unit, we monitored patient electrocardiogram (ECG) readings and vital signs. We compared long-term changes in heart rate, heart rate variability, QT interval, and blood pressure between the two groups. Additionally, we assessed the effects of acute taVNS by comparing cardiovascular metrics before, during, and after the intervention. We also explored rapidly responsive cardiovascular biomarkers in patients exhibiting clinical improvement.We found that repetitive taVNS did not significantly alter heart rate, corrected QT interval, blood pressure, or intracranial pressure. However, taVNS increased overall heart rate variability and parasympathetic activity from 5–10 days after initial treatment, as compared to the sham treatment. Acutely, taVNS increased heart rate, blood pressure, and peripheral perfusion index without affecting the corrected QT interval, intracranial pressure, or heart rate variability. The acute post-treatment elevation in heart rate was more pronounced in patients who experienced a decrease of more than 1 point in their Modified Rankin Score at the time of discharge.Our study found that taVNS treatment did not induce adverse cardiovascular effects, such as bradycardia or QT prolongation, supporting its development as a safe immunomodulatory treatment approach for SAH patients. The observed acute increase in heart rate after taVNS treatment may serve as a biomarker for SAH patients who could derive greater benefit from this treatment.Trial registration: NCT04557618
Formin-like 1 β phosphorylation at S1086 is necessary for secretory polarized traffic of exosomes at the immune synapse in Jurkat T lymphocytes
Authors: Ruiz-Navarro Javier , Fernández-Hermira Sara , Sanz-Fernández Irene , Barbeito Pablo , Navarro-Zapata Alfonso , Pérez-Martínez Antonio , Garcia-Gonzalo Francesc R , Calvo Víctor , Izquierdo Manuel
Published: August 2024

T-cell receptor stimulation (TCR) by antigen bound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on an antigen-presenting cell (APC) induces protein kinase C (PKC) activation and the formation of the immune synapse (IS), followed by depletion of filamentous actin (F-actin) at the central region of the IS (cIS) and the polarization of multivesicular bodies (MVB) and the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) to the IS. These events lead to polarized exosome secretion at the IS. These exosomes are involved in several crucial immune responses such as autocrine activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T lymphocytes and cytotoxicity. We analysed here how formin-like 1 β (FMNL1β), an actin cytoskeleton-regulatory protein, regulates MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion at an IS model in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. IS formation was associated with transient recruitment of FMNL1β to the IS, which was independent of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ). Simultaneous RNA interference of all FMNL1 isoforms prevented MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion, which were restored by FMNL1βWT expression. However, expression of the non-phosphorylatable mutant FMNL1βS1086A did not restore neither MTOC/MVB polarization nor exosome secretion to control levels, supporting the crucial role of S1086 phosphorylation in MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion. In contrast, the phosphomimetic mutant, FMNL1βS1086D, restored MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion. Conversely, FMNL1βS1086D mutant did not recover the deficient MTOC/MVB polarization occurring in PKCδ-interfered clones, indicating that S1086 FMNL1β phosphorylation alone is not sufficient for MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion. FMNL1 interference inhibited the depletion of F-actin at the cIS, which is necessary for MTOC/MVB polarization. FMNL1PWT and FMNL1βS1086D, but not FMNL1βS1086A expression, restored F-actin depletion at the cIS. Thus, actin cytoskeleton reorganization at the IS underlies the effects of all these FMNL1β variants on polarized secretory traffic. FMNL1 was found in the IS made by primary T lymphocytes, both in TCR and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-evoked synapses. Taken together, these results point out a crucial role of S1086 phosphorylation in FMNL1β activation, leading to cortical actin reorganization and subsequent control of MTOC/MVB polarization and exosome secretion.
LncRNA Snhg3 Aggravates Hepatic Steatosis via PPARγ Signaling
Authors: Xie Xianghong , Gao Mingyue , Zhao Wei , Li Chunmei , Zhang Weihong , Yang Jiahui , Zhang Yinliang , Chen Enhui , Guo Yanfang , Guo Zeyu , Zhang Minglong , Ngowi Ebenezeri Erasto , Wang Heping , Wang Xiaoman , Zhu Yinghan , Wang Yiting , Li Xiaolu , Yao Hong , Yan Li , Fang Fude , Li Meixia , Qiao Aijun , Liu Xiaojun
Published: August 2024

LncRNAs are involved in modulating the individual risk and the severity of progression in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), but their precise roles remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA
Snhg3
in the development and progression of MASLD, along with the underlying mechanisms.
In vitro
and
in vivo
experiments revealed that
Snhg3
is involved in lipid metabolism and steatosis. The result showed that
Snhg3
was significantly downregulated in the liver of high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. Notably, palmitic acid promoted the expression of
Snhg3
and overexpression of
Snhg3
increased lipid accumulation in primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, hepatocyte-specific
Snhg3
deficiency decreased body and liver weight, alleviated hepatic steatosis and promoted hepatic fatty acid metabolism in DIO mice, whereas overexpression induced the opposite effect. Mechanistically,
Snhg3
promoted the expression, stability and nuclear localization of SND1 protein via interacting with SND1, thereby inducing K63-linked ubiquitination modification of SND1. Moreover,
Snhg3
decreased the H3K27me3 level and induced SND1-mediated chromatin loose remodeling, thus reducing H3K27me3 enrichment at the
Ppar
γ promoter and enhancing
Ppar
γ expression. The administration of PPARγ inhibitor T0070907 improved
Snhg3
-aggravated hepatic steatosis. Our study revealed a new signaling pathway,
Snhg3
/SND1/H3K27me3/PPARγ, responsible for MASLD and indicates that lncRNA-mediated epigenetic modification has a crucial role in the pathology of MASLD.
Rapid estimation of soil water content based on hyperspectral reflectance combined with continuous wavelet transform, feature extraction, and extreme learning machine
Authors: Chen Shaomin , Gao Jiachen , Lou Fangchuan , Tuo Yunfei , Tan Shuai , Shan Yuyang , Luo Lihua , Xu Zhilin , Zhang Zhengfu , Huang Xiangyu
Published: August 2024

Background

Soil water content is one of the critical indicators in agricultural systems. Visible/near-infrared hyperspectral remote sensing is an effective method for soil water estimation. However, noise removal from massive spectral datasets and effective feature extraction are challenges for achieving accurate soil water estimation using this technology.

Methods

This study proposes a method for hyperspectral remote sensing soil water content estimation based on a combination of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS). Hyperspectral data were collected from soil samples with different water contents prepared in the laboratory. CWT, with two wavelet basis functions (mexh and gaus2), was used to pre-process the hyperspectral reflectance to eliminate noise interference. The correlation analysis was conducted between soil water content and wavelet coefficients at ten scales. The feature variables were extracted from these wavelet coefficients using the CARS method and used as input variables to build linear and non-linear models, specifically partial least squares (PLSR) and extreme learning machine (ELM), to estimate soil water content.

Results

The results showed that the correlation between wavelet coefficients and soil water content decreased as the decomposition scale increased. The corresponding bands of the extracted wavelet coefficients were mainly distributed in the near-infrared region. The non-linear model (ELM) was superior to the linear method (PLSR). ELM demonstrated satisfactory accuracy based on the feature wavelet coefficients of CWT with the mexh wavelet basis function at a decomposition scale of 1 (CWT(mexh_1)), with R2, RMSE, and RPD values of 0.946, 1.408%, and 3.759 in the validation dataset, respectively. Overall, the CWT(mexh_1)-CARS-ELM systematic modeling method was feasible and reliable for estimating the water content of sandy clay loam.
El Estado automático y las crisis que se avecinan. Acerca de “La Automatización de la Desigualdad”, de Virginia Eubanks.
Authors: Binimelis Espinoza Helder
Published: August 2024

Reseña del libro:Eubanks, V. (2021). La automatización de la desigualdad: Herramientas de tecnología avanzada para supervisar y castigar a los pobres. Capitan Swing.
A modernização tecnológica do Estado brasileiro: o controverso caso do INSS-Digital
Authors: Baima Cartaxo Ana Maria , Michelute Gerardi Denise Aparecida , Gerevini Kasper Gabriela , Oliveira Bis Gabriela , Vasques Lordelo Juliana
Published: August 2024

Este artigo baseado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tem por objeto de estudo a análise crítica da reestruturação modernizante do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS), autarquia federal que operacionaliza a política previdenciária e cuja modernização, a partir de 2017, impactou o acesso aos direitos previdenciários da população atendida. A análise, numa perspectiva de totalidade, tem como categorias: o conceito de tecnologia na sociedade, a constituição estrutural do Estado brasileiro e sua modernização, o INSS-Digital e o impacto das mudanças tecnológicas para a população atendida. Contextualizado a partir da década de 1990, quando se iniciam as contrarreformas neoliberais, é particularizado no período de 2016 a 2019, no acirramento das contrarreformas e ajustes de austeridades, orientados pelo ultraneoliberalismo. Conclui-se que o INSS-Digital, em substituição ao atendimento presencial, tem restringido o acesso aos direitos previdenciários e assistenciais da população, que com baixo nível de renda e escolaridade não dispõe de recursos para aquisição dos equipamentos tecnológicos e compreensão da linguagem informatizada, constatado pelos altos índices de indeferimentos dos pedidos de benefícios e a judicialização dos processos. Conclui-se que o INSS-Digital, ao concretizar-se no estreitamento ao acesso dos direitos previdenciários e assistenciais, configura-se como estratégia “competente” na redução da política previdenciária, materializada em suas contrarreformas. Espera-se contribuir para reflexão crítica dos direitos sociais brasileiros e instrumentalizar os movimentos sociais e sindicais na luta e resistência em prol de uma previdência pública, igualitária e universal.
A incorporação das TICs no trabalho de assistentes sociais: alterações, dilemas e desafios
Authors: Mascarenhas Torres Mabel , Tavares da Silva Sgorlon Claudiana
Published: August 2024

O artigo versa sobre as alterações ocorridas no trabalho de assistentes sociais intermediadas pelas tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs). Baseado em uma revisão bibliográfica, estudo das normativas que regulamentam a profissão no Brasil, e, em uma enquete realizada no segundo semestre de 2022 com 49 assistentes sociais. Identificou-se que a utilização das TICs tem sido incorporada no trabalho destes profissionais, seja no atendimento direto aos usuários, seja na articulação da rede de atendimento e da rede intersetorial, alterando a realização do seu exercício profissional. Afirma-se que as alterações decorrentes da utilização das TICs interferem na relação estabelecida entre as profissionais e a população usuária dos serviços e, em certa medida, distanciando o contato do profissional, comprometendo a análise das necessidades sociais que desencadeiam a busca pelos serviços prestados nas políticas sociais, influenciando também na construção da documentação técnica, o que expõe dilemas éticos relacionados ao sigilo das informações. Os resultados indicam que a incorporação das TICs altera a jornada de trabalho, que se estende para além das horas previamente contratadas pelo empregador, aumenta o volume de trabalho, uma vez que as assistentes sociais são chamadas a responder a diversificadas solicitações tanto por parte dos contratantes, dos usuários, bem como dos trabalhadores da rede de atendimento. Na mesma medida, a utilização das TICs, favorece a ampliação da capilaridade dos atendimentos, contribuindo para o acesso e a democratização das informações sobre os direitos humanos e sociais e a prestação de serviços vinculadas às políticas sociais.
Palavras-chave: Trabalho profissional; TICs; Condições de trabalho; jornada de trabalho; mídias sociais.
La marcha de San Ignacio en el Arte de Febrés (1765) como dispositivo identitario
Authors: Rondon Victor
Published: August 2024

En la segunda parte dedicada a la doctrina cristiana del Arte de la lengua general del reyno de Chile (Lima, 1765) del jesuita Andrés Febrés (1734-1790) hay 12 canciones de las cuales 3  están dedicadas a diversos santos de la orden. Una de ellas es la marcha “Fundador sois, Ignacio” que se canta hasta hoy prácticamente en todas las casas, colegios e instituciones de formación sostenidas por jesuitas de origen hispano. En el siglo XX se propuso el origen francés y militar de su melodía que dataría de mediados del siglo XVIII, sin embargo los antecedentes de su texto se desvanecen antes del siglo XIX. El proceso de adaptación, adopción y práctica de esta marcha se relaciona con los territorios herederos de los antiguos reinos y condados pirineicos que constituyeron la “marca hispánica” del que formaron parte vascos, navarros y catalanes. Al parecer, este inclusión de la “Marcha de San Ignacio, Fundador sois” asociada a la catequesis jesuita en la Araucanía chilena de mediados del siglo XVIII constituye su mención más temprana, pero además podría constituir posteriormente uno de los primeros dispositivos identitarios en música en este tipo de fuentes.
La vocal ù en el “Arte” (1765) de Andrés Febrés. Fonología mapuche en la tradición misionero- colonial de la zona chilena
Authors: Cancino Nataly
Published: August 2024

Andrés Febrés y los demás lingüistas misionero-coloniales se enfrentaron a la dificultad de representar por escrito los sonidos de lenguas que antes desconocían. En este artículo, se toma como objeto de estudio la escritura y la pronunciación de /ɨ/, fonema vocálico central cerrado, en el Arte de Andrés Febrés (1765), debido a que este sonido del mapudungun era una novedad para el jesuita y porque su tratamiento historiográfico ha sido diferencial respecto de las vocales del español, lo que lleva a que hasta la actualidad se le conozca como “la sexta vocal mapuche”. El análisis que presentamos tiene una perspectiva comparativa con otras obras de la tradición chilena de la época (Valdivia 1606 y Havestadt 1777). Concluimos que los tres autores cuentan con recursos, métodos descriptivos y fines comunes para el estudio del mapudungun, pero las decisiones particulares difieren en la disposición de la materia gramatical (fónica), en la sistematización y exposición del sistema fonológico mapuche, y en el tratamiento de /ɨ/.
Review of Northern Wei (386–534): A New Form of Empire in East Asia
Authors: Müller Shing
Published: August 2024

Northern Wei (386–534): A New Form of Empire in East Asia. By Scott Pearce. New York: Oxford University Press, 2023. Pp. xxv + 355. $110.
Review of Shandong Province, vol. 4: Mount Tai—Sutra Stone Valley
Authors: Von Falkenhausen Lothar
Published: August 2024

Shandong Province, vol. 4: Mount Tai—Sutra Stone Valley 山東省第四卷:泰山—經石峪. Part 1: The Sutra 上冊:刻經; Part 2: The Colophons 下冊:題跋. Edited by Wang yongbo 王永波 and LotHar Ledderose 雷德侯. Buddhist Stone Sutras in China 中國佛教石經. Wiesbaden and Hangzhou: Harrassowitz and Zhongguo Meishu Xueyuan Chubanshe 中國美術學院出版 社, 2022. Pp. xxxvi + 718. €248, CN¥2,500.
Review of Creating the Qurʾan: A Historical-Critical Study
Authors: Reynolds Gabriel Said
Published: August 2024

Creating the Qurʾan: A Historical-Critical Study. By Stephen J. Shoemaker. Oakland: University of California Press, 2022. Pp. xiii + 353. $34.95, £30 (paper); open access.
Review of Qu’est-ce que la philosophie indienne?
Authors: Nemec John
Published: August 2024

Qu’est-ce que la philosophie indienne? By Vincent Eltschinger and Isabelle Ratié. Collection Folio Essais. Paris: Éditions Gallimard, 2023. Pp. 560. €13.50 (paper), €12.99 (ebook).
Appendicular Gastralgia Revisited: A Case Series of Rare Presentations
Authors: Jha Shreyasi , Kumar Ameet
Published: August 2024

In the myriad of clinical presentations of acute appendicitis, appendicular gastralgia remains a poorly researched entity. In this article, authors present a series of three cases of acute appendicitis that initially presented as appendicular gastralgia. A 35- year-old gentleman initially presented with complaints of epigastric pain of six hours’ duration with an Alvarado score of 3/10 and was managed medically. Re-examination after six hours of unresolved pain revealed Right Iliac Fossa (RIF) tenderness. Similarly, a 13-year-old boy presented with epigastric pain of 12 hours’ duration with a normal clinical examination and an Alvarado score of 5/10. The pain radiated to RIF after 12 hours with RIF tenderness. A 58-year-old lady presented with pain in the epigastrium of six hours’ duration and had a normal clinical examination, haematological and radiological parameters. She was initially managed medically. However, due to the non resolution of symptoms despite treatment, she underwent Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) Abdomen, which revealed a localised appendicular perforation with appendicoliths. All three patients underwent emergency laparoscopic appendectomy and had an uneventful postoperative recovery with no recurrence of epigastric pain. Low Alvarado scores, non specific clinical findings and equivocal imaging delay diagnosis in these cases. Through this article, attempt was made to enhance awareness of this entity amongst clinicians.
Correlation of Serum Vaspin Level with the Severity of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Harshitha S , Renuka P , Vengatesh M , Sriram V , Pavithra RB , Vinodhini VM
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) describes a range of myocardial ischaemic states that includes Unstable Angina (UA), Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), or ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Vaspin is an emerging adipokine, and low vaspin concentrations are found to be correlated with the severity of cardiovascular events. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score is widely used to assess early risk stratification among ACS patients. Aim: To evaluate the severity of cardiovascular risk in patients with ACS using GRACE risk score and to study the correlation of serum vaspin levels with the risk score. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Cardiology Department at SRM Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India, from June 2023 to October 2023. A total of 89 patients diagnosed with ACS were included and stratified into three groups based on the GRACE score. Lipid profiles were assessed using a Beckman Coulter autoanalyser, while serum vaspin levels were measured using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses including Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman’s correlation, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed. Results: Among the study participants, 65.2% were males, and 34.8% were females, with mean ages of 56±8.8 years and 56±11.8 years, respectively. Out of the 89 participants, 32 (36%) were categorised as high-risk, 31 (34.8%) as intermediate risk, and 26 (29.2%) as low risk. Serum vaspin levels were observed to be lower in the high-risk group compared to the low and intermediate risk groups. A cut-off value for serum vaspin level was determined as ≤0.610 pg/mL in ACS, indicating an increased risk for complications. Conclusion: The levels of serum vaspin are decreased in ACS patients presenting with a greater degree of cardiovascular complications. These findings enhance the comprehension of vaspin’s role in the pathophysiology of ACS and its relevance in risk assessment.
The Tale of Warrior Gene: The MAOA-upstream Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MAOA-uVNTR) Polymorphism and Its Role in Shaping Aggressive and Violent Behaviour
Authors: Abeykoon Minasha R , Jayasinghe Chanika D , Illeperuma Ruwan J , Abeysinghe Thelma
Published: August 2024

The Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) gene has acquired significant attention across the field of behavioral genetics over time due to its association with different adverse impacts it has had on altering human behavior. Research suggests that specific genetic variations of the MAOA gene, particularly the MAOA low allelic variants (MAOA-L alleles), are linked to increased susceptibility to aggression. Due to this association, the low-activity variations of the MAOA gene's upstream Variable Number Tandem Repeat (uVNTR) promoter region have conferred the name "warrior gene." A plethora of neurobiological investigations have revealed that the MAOA gene plays a significant role in the metabolism of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, that are implicated in regulating mood, impulse control, and emotional processing. Further, a wealth of research highlights that any form of dysregulation of these neurotransmitter systems, stemming from the genetic variants of the MAOA gene, can contribute to aberrant behavior and lead to aggressive tendencies. However, a negative association between the MAOA low allelic variant (MAOA-L) and aggressive behavior has recently been presented. Hence, a critical evaluation of available literature is important to retreat the relationship between the MAOA variants and human aggression and violence. A comprehensive review was conducted by utilizing Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases to explore the association of MAOA gene polymorphism with aggressive and violent behaviours. This review will be centered on peer-reviewed literature, evaluating the caliber of the studies and highlighting their profound outcomes. Therefore, this narrative review primarily focuses on the MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism and its influence on antisocial spectrum behaviors like aggression and violence. It also emphasizes the moral, legal, and societal issues that genetically influence human behavior. This comprehensive review conducted by utilizing 33 studies, where 19 studies revealed that the MAOA-L allelic variants are consistently associated with aggression. A total number of 14 studies supported the notion that MAOA-L allelic variants to show a positive correlation with violence and criminal violence. It was also disclosed that the MAOA-L variants are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, underscoring the intricacy of its role in behavioral outcomes. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the literature compiled herein would provide a critical justification for MAOA-L as a genetic risk factor for humans' aggressive and violent behavioral traits.
Assessing Radon Awareness and Risk Perception among Residents in Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Margaret Asere Adeola
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted to assess the knowledge of the public about radon risk and possible impediment they might face for radon testing in Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria. One hundred people from different category of discipline were the population for this research. A descriptive research design of survey type was used and a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the people. The questions raised addresses perception of people about radon and their readiness to engage in testing. The result of the survey shows that majority of the respondents are educated and this increase the reliability of the study. Majority of the respondents are not aware of radon and the risk attached. Majority, (84%) of the respondents have not tested their homes for radon. 58% of them do not know how to carry out the radon test, 54% of them do not know where to buy radon test kits. 68% of them are unaware about the radon test, 74% of them could not afford the radon test kit because it is expensive. There was financial constraint for the testing as majority earn below the minimum wage for workers in Nigeria and majority of respondents are not unemployed. From the Chi-square test, the willingness to test of the respondents is dependent on their level of awareness. More awareness through media and lectures is therefore recommended for members of the public.
Newer Oral Antiviral for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Singh Sonia , Surati Drishty , Savaliya Madhav Kumar , Surati Ramesh , Panchal Kruti
Published: August 2024

The global Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has indeed seen the emergence of multiple variants. There are several direct-acting antiviral drugs that have been approved or are in process of advancing through clinical development for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The oral antiviral medications offer several advantages over intravenous(IV) antivirals, including enhanced safety and the ability to administer during the early stages of the disease to potentially prevent hospitalization. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted an emergency use authorization (EUA) for an oral antiviral medications Molnupiravir, Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and VV116 specially intended for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in patients at risk of progressing to severe disease. These three mentioned drugs serve different purposes - Molnupiravir is a nucleoside analogue, Nirmatrelvir is a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor and Ritonavir is used as a protease inhibitor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. VV116 is a promising oral nucleoside drug candidate with the potential to effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, reduce viral RNA levels and limit the presence of infectious virus. The findings are consistent with the observation that the target proteins of the mentioned antiviral drugs, specifically the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the viral main protease are highly conserved. This suggests that these antivirals may be effective against a broad range of viral strains due to the conservation of their target proteins.
Response of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms and Phosphorus Levels on Nutrient Availability, Uptake and Seed Yield in Inceptisol
Authors: B. G. Waghmode , M. S. Waghmare , S. K. Ugile , A. N. Puri
Published: August 2024

The present investigation was carried out for the “Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and phosphorus levels on nutrient availability, uptake and seed yield in inceptisol.” The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications. during Rabi 2019-20 at department research farm of SSAC, College of Agriculture, Latur. The treatments comprises four main (absolute control, Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus awamori at 10 ml kg-1 seed treatment) and four sub treatments (0,45,60 and 75 P2O5 kg ha-1). The results indicates that, the incorporation of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms viz. Aspergillius awamori at 10 ml kg-1 seed in combination with soil application of 75 P2O5 kg ha-1 found to be significantly higher availability of nutrient, increased total N, P and K uptake of chickpea as compared to Aspergillus niger and Bacillus megaterium along with 60 P2O5 kg ha-1 and over control .Further results revealed that seed yield was significantly improved with the seed treatment of Aspergillius awamori at 10 ml kg-1 seed in combination with application of 75 P2O5 kg ha-1.
Solar cycle dependence of ion cyclotron wave frequencies
Authors: Lessard Marc R. , Lindgren Erik A. , Engebretson Mark J. , Weaver Carol
Published: April 2015

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves have been studied for decades, though remain a fundamentally important topic in heliospheric physics. The connection of EMIC waves to the scattering of energetic particles from Earth's radiation belts is one of many topics that motivate the need for a deeper understanding of characteristics and occurrence distributions of the waves. In this study, we show that EMIC wave frequencies, as observed at Halley Station in Antarctica from 2008 through 2012, increase by approximately 60% from a minimum in 2009 to the end of 2012. Assuming that these waves are excited in the vicinity of the plasmapause, the change in Kp in going from solar minimum to near solar maximum would drive increased plasmapause erosion, potentially shifting the generation region of the EMIC to lower L and resulting in the higher frequencies. A numerical estimate of the change in plasmapause location, however, implies that it is not enough to account for the shift in EMIC frequencies that are observed at Halley Station. Another possible explanation for the frequency shift, however, is that the relative density of heavier ions in the magnetosphere (that would be associated with increased solar activity) could account for the change in frequencies. In terms of effects on radiation belt dynamics, the shift to higher frequencies tends to mean that these waves will interact with less energetic electrons, although the details involved in this process are complex and depend on the specific plasma and gyrofrequencies of all populations, including electrons. In addition, the change in location of the generation region to lower L shells means that the waves will have access to higher number fluxes of resonant electrons. Finally, we show that a sunlit ionosphere can inhibit ground observations of EMIC waves with frequencies higher than ∼0.5 Hz and note that the effect likely has resulted in an underestimate of the solar‐cycle‐driven frequency changes described here.
Variational data assimilative modeling of the Gulf of Maine in spring and summer 2010
Authors: Li Yizhen , He Ruoying , Chen Ke , McGillicuddy Dennis J.
Published: April 2015

A data assimilative ocean circulation model is used to hindcast the Gulf of Maine [GOM) circulation in spring and summer 2010. Using the recently developed incremental strong constraint 4D Variational data assimilation algorithm, the model assimilates satellite sea surface temperature and in situ temperature and salinity profiles measured by expendable bathythermograph, Argo floats, and shipboard CTD casts. Validation against independent observations shows that the model skill is significantly improved after data assimilation. The data‐assimilative model hindcast reproduces the temporal and spatial evolution of the ocean state, showing that a sea level depression southwest of the Scotian Shelf played a critical role in shaping the gulf‐wide circulation. Heat budget analysis further demonstrates that both advection and surface heat flux contribute to temperature variability. The estimated time scale for coastal water to travel from the Scotian Shelf to the Jordan Basin is around 60 days, which is consistent with previous estimates based on in situ observations. Our study highlights the importance of resolving upstream and offshore forcing conditions in predicting the coastal circulation in the GOM.
Europa's surface color suggests an ocean rich with sodium chloride
Authors: Hand K. P. , Carlson R. W.
Published: April 2015

The composition of Europa's surface may be representative of the subsurface ocean; however, considerable debate persists regarding the endogenous or exogenous nature of a hydrated sulfate feature on Europa. Direct evidence of oceanic salts on Europa's surface has been largely inconclusive. We show that the observed color within geologically young features on Europa's surface can be explained by sodium chloride delivered from the ocean below. We find that sodium chloride, when exposed to Europa surface conditions, accumulates electrons in F and M centers, yielding a yellow‐brown discoloration comparable to Europa's surface. Irradiation of sodium chloride from Europa's ocean thus provides a simple and elegant solution to the color of the non‐ice material observed on Europa. This evidence for endogenous salts suggests that Europa's ocean is interacting with a silicate seafloor, a critical consideration for assessing habitability.
Laurentide‐Cordilleran Ice Sheet saddle collapse as a contribution to meltwater pulse 1A
Authors: Gomez N. , Gregoire L. J. , Mitrovica J. X. , Payne A. J.
Published: April 2015

The source or sources of meltwater pulse 1A (MWP‐1A) at ~14.5 ka, recorded at widely distributed sites as a sea level rise of ~10–20 m in less than 500 years, is uncertain. A recent ice modeling study of North America and Greenland has suggested that the collapse of an ice saddle between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets, with a eustatic sea level equivalent (ESLE) of ~10 m, may have been the dominant contributor to MWP‐1A. To test this suggestion, we predict gravitationally self‐consistent sea level changes from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present day associated with the ice model. We find that a combination of the saddle collapse scenario and melting outside North America and Greenland with an ESLE of ~3 m yields sea level changes across MWP‐1A that are consistent with far‐field sea level records at Barbados, Tahiti, and Sunda Shelf.
Cassini VIMS observations of H3+ emission on the nightside of Jupiter
Authors: Stallard Tom S. , Melin Henrik , Miller Steve , Badman Sarah V. , Baines Kevin H. , Brown Robert H. , Blake James S. D. , O'Donoghue James , Johnson Rosie E. , Bools Bethany , Pilkington Nathan M. , East Oliver T.L. , Fletcher Mark
Published: April 2015

We present the first detailed analysis of H3+ nightside emission from Jupiter, using Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) data from the Cassini flyby in 2000–2001, producing the first Jovian maps of nightside H3+ emission, temperature, and column density. Using these, we identify and characterize regions of H3+ nightside emission, compared against past observations of H3+ emission on the dayside. We focus our investigation on the region previously described as “mid‐to‐low latitude emission,” the source for which has been controversial. We find that the brightest of this emission is generated at Jovigraphic latitudes similar to the most equatorward extent of the main auroral emission but concentrated at longitudes eastward of this emission. The emission is produced by enhanced H3+ density, with temperatures dropping away in this region. This emission has a loose association with the predicted location of diffuse aurora produced by pitch angle scattering in the north, but not in the south. This emission also lays in the path of subrotating winds flowing from the aurora, suggesting a transport origin. Some differences are seen between dayside and nightside subauroral emissions, with dayside emission extending more equatorward, perhaps caused by the lack of sunlight ionization on the nightside, and unmeasured changes in temperature. Ionospheric temperatures are hotter in the polar region (~1100–1500 K), dropping away toward the equator (as low as 750 K), broadly similar to values on the dayside, highlighting the dominance of auroral effects in the polar region. No equatorial emission is observed, suggesting that very little particle precipitation occurs away from the polar regions.
Vertical convergence of resuspended sediment and subducted phytoplankton to a persistent detached layer over the southern shelf of Monterey Bay, California
Authors: Sevadjian Jeff C. , McPhee‐Shaw Erika E. , Raanan Ben Y. , Cheriton Olivia M. , Storlazzi Curt D.
Published: April 2015

Work done by the present authors and collaborators in the first year of a 2‐year field study established the frequent presence of layers of suspended particulate matter detached from the seafloor over the southern shelf of Monterey Bay, California. In this contribution, we document similar findings over a 1‐month period in Fall 2012 and investigate physical processes leading to vertical convergence of particles to the observed layers, both from resuspended sediment originating below the layer depth and from phytoplankton originating above the layer depth. Physical and optical vertical structure was measured by an autonomous vertical profiler, thermistor chain, and acoustic Doppler current profiler, and optical sensors fixed to a bottom‐mounted frame measured beam attenuation and particle size distribution within the benthic boundary layer (BBL). These data support a conceptual model for layer formation in which (1) bottom material was mobilized into the BBL by semidiurnal internal tidal currents; (2) brief “updraft” events regularly injected particles into the interior water column during the downslope phase of the semidiurnal internal tide; and (3) particles converged at the detached layer due to a measured, but previously unreported, long time scale mean vertical convergence in flow. Subduction and vertical mixing of phytoplankton to the subeuphotic layer were also observed and are presented in two case studies in connection with horizontal convergences of surface water masses.
Reactive transport modeling of geochemical controls on secondary water quality impacts at a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN
Authors: Ng Gene‐Hua Crystal , Bekins Barbara A. , Cozzarelli Isabelle M. , Baedecker Mary Jo , Bennett Philip C. , Amos Richard T. , Herkelrath William N.
Published: April 2015

Anaerobic biodegradation of organic amendments and contaminants in aquifers can trigger secondary water quality impacts that impair groundwater resources. Reactive transport models help elucidate how diverse geochemical reactions control the spatiotemporal evolution of these impacts. Using extensive monitoring data from a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota (USA), we implemented a comprehensive model that simulates secondary plumes of depleted dissolved O2 and elevated concentrations of Mn2+, Fe2+, CH4, and Ca2+ over a two‐dimensional cross section for 30 years following the spill. The model produces observed changes by representing multiple oil constituents and coupled carbonate and hydroxide chemistry. The model includes reactions with carbonates and Fe and Mn mineral phases, outgassing of CH4 and CO2 gas phases, and sorption of Fe, Mn, and H+. Model results demonstrate that most of the carbon loss from the oil (70%) occurs through direct outgassing from the oil source zone, greatly limiting the amount of CH4 cycled down‐gradient. The vast majority of reduced Fe is strongly attenuated on sediments, with most (91%) in the sorbed form in the model. Ferrous carbonates constitute a small fraction of the reduced Fe in simulations, but may be important for furthering the reduction of ferric oxides. The combined effect of concomitant redox reactions, sorption, and dissolved CO2 inputs from source‐zone degradation successfully reproduced observed pH. The model demonstrates that secondary water quality impacts may depend strongly on organic carbon properties, and impacts may decrease due to sorption and direct outgassing from the source zone.
Service Encounter Discourse
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hee
Published: April 2015

Service encounters refer to interaction between service providers and customers that are oriented toward the satisfaction of customers' desire for service, of which typical instances are retail service encounters. This article describes primary features of service encounter discourse in terms of its transactional and relational dimension as well as particular language and interactional practices comprising the main activities in the discourse. The article explicates these major findings across cultures and in relation to the goal orientations of service encounter discourse as one form of institutional discourse.
Interpretative Repertoire
Authors: Charlebois Justin
Published: April 2015

This article provides an overview of interpretative repertoires, an analytical concept used in discursive psychological research. Interpretative repertoires are the culturally variable ways of discussing and evaluating certain actions or events that constitute a cultural commonsense. Speakers actively deploy these discursive resources in conversational interaction to accomplish various rhetorical tasks. The article provides an overview of interpretative repertoires, discusses the related concepts of
subject positions
and
ideological dilemmas
, and critically evaluates how social scientists identify and name interpretative repertoires.
Membership Categorization Analysis
Authors: Fitzgerald Richard
Published: April 2015

Membership Categorization Analysis a qualitative approach to the study of social knowledge in action. The approach, originating from the work of Harvey Sacks, examines the ways in which descriptions of, and orientations to, social categories and their associated activities are used in everyday contexts and through which cultural reasoning practices are made visible. This article identifies key figures in Membership Categorization Analysis's development, describes the methodological principles underpinning the approach, and discusses some major methodological themes of the approach.
Synthesis and Characterization of TiAl‐Based Nanocomposites by a Melt Electromagnetic Stirring Process
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Yanli , Xu Xiangjun , Liang Yongfeng , Zhang Laiqi , Lin Junpin
Published: April 2015

Ceramic nanoparticles were considered difficult to be dispersed well in liquid metal, especially in non‐reactive systems, by stir mixing methods due to their high specific surface energy. In this paper, an electromagnetic stirring process was exploited to disperse ceramic nanoparticles in an active TiAl alloy melt. The results indicate that finely dispersed nanoparticles can be obtained by stir mixing with the aid of reactive wetting. The presence of nanoparticles during solidification can refine the primary dendrites dramatically, which was primarily determined by the extent of particle pushing at the liquid–solid interface. Among the studied particles, TiC can refine the (γ + α2) lamellar colonies, which is attributed to the dissolution of carbon and subsequent precipitation of Ti2AlC during L + β → β + α. The Vickers hardness of the nanocomposites as a function of stirring time was tested, and the Ti–45Al/TiC nanocomposite produced by 10 min stir mixing has the highest value, measuring 450 HV.
Progress Towards Commercially Viable Li–S Battery Cells
Authors: Urbonaite Sigita , Poux Tiphaine , Novák Petr
Published: April 2015

A broad overview of how experimental parameters affect the performance of Li–S batteries is presented here, extending the view on these batteries beyond sophisticated conductive sulfur hosts, which have been the primary focus of many studies in recent years. The exquisite sensitivity of the Li–S system to various experimental parameters speaks to the importance of directing future research towards the entire Li–S‐battery set‐up, rather than just some components. The main overall goal should be to produce cells with high specific energy and energy density. These are challenging tasks and more work is required, in particular in the area of cell engineering. The achievements spotlighted in this report show that outstanding results can be obtained by suitably engineering cathodes and other cell parts, without the need to use advanced structured hosts for sulfur. A lot of stimulating, original and successful research has been done recently in the field, leading to satisfying Li–S battery performances and paving the way for more applied research, with the goal of entering a pre‐application phase in Li–S battery development.