bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Six Decades of Seismology at South Pole, Antarctica: Current Limitations and Future Opportunities to Facilitate New Geophysical Observations
Authors: Anthony Robert E. , Ringler Adam T. , DuVernois Michael , Anderson Kent R. , Wilson David C.
Published: March 2021

Seismograms from the South Pole have been important for seismological observations for over six decades by providing (until 2007) the only continuous seismic records from the interior of the Antarctic continent. The South Pole, Antarctica station has undergone many updates over the years, including conversion to a digital recording station as part of the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) in 1991 and being relocated to multiple deep (>250  m) boreholes 8 km away from the station in 2003 (and renamed to Quiet South Pole, Antarctica [QSPA]). Notably, QSPA is the second most used GSN station by the National Earthquake Information Center to pick phases used to rapidly detect and locate earthquakes globally, and has been used for a variety of glaciological and oceanography studies. In addition, it is the only seismic station on the Earth where low-frequency (<5  mHz), normal-mode oscillations of the planet excited by large earthquakes can be recorded without influence from Earth’s rotation, and most of the direct effects of the solid Earth tide vanish. However, the current sensors are largely 1980s vintage, and, while able to make some lower-frequency observations from earthquakes, the borehole sensors appear unable to resolve ambient ground motions at frequencies lower than 25 mHz due to instrument noise and contamination from magnetic field variations. Recently developed borehole sensors offer the potential to extend background noise observations to below 3 mHz, which would substantially improve the fidelity and scientific value of seismic observations at South Pole. Through collaboration with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, the opportunity exists to emplace a modern very broadband seismometer near the base (>2  km depth) of the Antarctic ice cap, which could lead to unprecedented seismic observations at long periods and facilitate a broad spectrum of Earth science studies.
Improved Seismic Monitoring with OBS Deployment in the Arctic: A Pilot Study from Offshore Western Svalbard
Authors: Jeddi Zeinab , Ottemöller Lars , Sørensen Mathilde B. , Rezaei Sara , Gibbons Steven J. , Strømme Marte L. , Voss Peter H. , Dahl-Jensen Trine
Published: March 2021

The mid-ocean ridge system is the main source of earthquakes within the Arctic region. The earthquakes are recorded on the permanent land-based stations in the region, although, smaller earthquakes remain undetected. In this study, we make use of three Ocean Bottom Seismographs (OBSs) that were deployed offshore western Svalbard, along the spreading ridges. The OBS arrival times were used to relocate the regional seismicity, using a Bayesian approach, which resulted in a significant improvement with tighter clustering around the spreading ridge. We also extended the regional magnitude scales for the northern Atlantic region for OBSs, by computing site correction terms. Besides location and magnitude improvement, the OBS network was able to detect hundreds of earthquakes, mostly with magnitude below Mw 3, including a swarm activity at the Molloy Deep. Our offshore observations provide further evidence of a low-velocity anomaly offshore Svalbard, at the northern tip of Knipovich ridge that was previously seen in full-waveform inversion. We conclude that even a single permanent OBS near the ridge would make a significant difference to earthquake catalogs and their interpretation.
A Presença da Matemática nos Cadernos de Planejamento da Escola Primária na Década de 1980
Authors: Almeida Laura Isabel Marques Vasconcelos de , Brescovit Luiz Eduardo
Published: March 2021

ResumoEste artigo é parte da pesquisa em desenvolvimento do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Mestrado em Ensino da Universidade de Cuiabá e tem como objeto de estudo os cadernos de planejamento da disciplina de Matemática, da escola primária, na década de 1980. Objetiva-se investigar a Matemática ensinada na escola primária, a partir dos Cadernos de Planos de Ensino utilizados pela professora em sala de aula. A abordagem metodológica se fundamenta na perspectiva histórico-cultural, tendo como fontes os cadernos escolares para se compreender como a Matemática era tratada, didaticamente, e ensinada em outros tempos. Os dados previamente analisados apontam que os conteúdos de Matemática, ministrados durante as aulas, se apoiavam na metodologia de resolução de problemas como um dos exercícios predominantes para os alunos do 4ª série da escola primária. Outro destaque são os testes avaliativos indicando vestígios de como eram as provas de Matemática e o processo de ensino e aprendizagem inerentes à cultura escolar disseminada na época.

Palavras-chave: Cadernos Escolares. Ensino de Matemática. Escola Primária.

AbstractThis article is part of the research in progress of the Undergraduate Program of the Master's Degree in Teaching at the University of Cuiabá and its object of study is the planning notebooks of the Mathematics subject of the primary school in the 1980s. The objective is to investigate the mathematics taught in primary school, from the notebooks of teaching plans used by the teacher in the classroom. The methodological approach is based on the historical-cultural perspective with school notebooks as sources to understand how Mathematics was didactically treated and taught in other times. The previously analyzed data indicate that the Mathematics contents, taught during classes, were supported by the problem-solving methodology as one of the predominant exercises for students in the 4th grade of primary school. Another highlight is the evaluative tests indicating traces of what the math tests were like and the teaching and learning process inherent in the school culture disseminated at the time.

Keywords: School Notebooks. Mathematics Teaching. Primary School.
Educação Física e Gênero: Participação Feminina nas Atividades de Educação Física em Curso Técnico Integrado ao Ensino Médio
Authors: De Sá Cristina Ferreira , Vidal Lúcio Ângelo
Published: March 2021

Resumo O estudo tem por objetivo buscar a reflexão sobre as relações de gênero na prática da Educação Física escolar, especificamente, nos Cursos Técnicos Integrados do Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso. Nesse sentido, a proposta é analisar detalhadamente as alunas, buscando compreender suas escolhas e preferências de modalidades esportivas para a execução das atividades nas aulas de Educação Física, tentando compreender se tais escolhas sofrem influências por serem do sexo feminino ou não. Além disso, tem-se como objetivo geral verificar diferenças entre os papéis masculinos e femininos, nas aulas de Educação Física, por meio de levantamento de dados, compreendendo assim as relações entre gênero no papel da Educação Física escolar. Tal estudo se remete por meio de natureza aplicada, com abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas, buscando explorar e descrever o objeto estudado de forma sistematizada e contextualizada de forma clara e didática. Espera-se que a presente pesquisa, por meio de sua proposta, possa possibilitar/ajudar uma maior interação na comunidade escolar, estimulando uma mudança na forma de agir e pensar sobre como ocorrem as relações de gênero dentro do ambiente escolar e, principalmente, nas atividades desenvolvidas pela disciplina de Educação Física escolar, contribuindo assim para uma devida formação humana democrática e integradora.

Palavras-chave: Gênero. Educação Física. Esporte. Ensino Médio.

Abstract The objective of the study is to seek reflection on gender relations in the physical education practice at school, specifically in the integrated technical courses of the Federal Institute of Mato Grosso. In this sense, the proposal is to analyze the students in detail, seeking to understand their choices and preferences of sports modalities for the performance of activities in Physical Education classes, trying to understand whether such choices are influenced by being female or not. In addition, the general objective is to verify differences between male and female roles in Physical Education classes, through data collection, thus understanding the relations between gender roles in Physical Education school. Such a study refers through an applied nature, with qualitative and quantitative approaches, seeking to explore and describe the object studied in a systematic and contextualized way in a clear and didactic way. It is hoped that this research, through its proposal, can enable / help greater interaction in the school community, stimulating a change in the way of acting and thinking about how gender relations occur within the school environment, and especially in activities developed by the Physical Education subject at school, thus contributing to a proper democratic and integrative human formation.

Keywords: Gender. PE. Sport. High school.
Yield and Economic Assessments of Five Cowpea Varieties in Cowpea-Maize Strip Intercropping in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Akanwe Asiwe Joseph Nwafor
Published: March 2021

Farmers‟ traditional cropping practice in Limpopo Province is to mix and broadcast crops at planting without definite row arrangement. Although this practice is very easy and cost-saving, it leads to low plant density, hinders farm input application, and results in low crop yields and poor return on investment. Strip intercropping, where crops are planted with definite row arrangement, reduces inter-species competition, optimises plant population, and increases crop yield. Five cowpea varieties i.e. „TVu 13464‟, „IT86D-1010‟, „Glenda‟, „IT82E-16‟ and „IT87K-499-35‟ and maize was grown under strip intercropping, monocropping, and mixed intercropping as a control during two seasons. During both years, significant interactions were obtained between the cowpea varieties and the cropping systems in most of the variables measured. Cowpea sown in the strip intercropping performed better compared those sown in mixed intercropping. Cowpea varieties „IT86D-1010‟, „IT82E-16‟ and „IT87K-499-35‟ harvested more grain yield under monocropping and strip intercropping than under mixed intercropping. The land equivalent ratio (LER) of strip intercropping during the two seasons ranged between 1.25 and 2.29 and was higher compared to mixed intercropping, which ranged between 0.50 and 1.32. In conclusion, cowpea varieties „IT86D-1010‟, „IT82E-16‟ and „IT87K-499-35‟ sown with maize as strip intercropping resulted more profits under intercropping systems and were recommended for cultivation by farmers in the Limpopo region with low rainfall. Moreover, grain yield, LER, and net profit achieved by strip intercropping was three-fold more than mixed intercropping. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Os traballos e os días do Profesor Pensado Tomé. In Memoriam
Authors: Axeitos Xosé Luís
Published: March 2021

José Luís Pensado Tomé (1924-2000) caracterizou a súa inxente obra filolóxica polo rigor con que a foi elaborando desde diferentes postos docentes no mundo académico español, entre os cales salienta a súa vinculación ás universidades de Madrid, Oviedo e Salamanca, ben como as súas estadías en condicion de Visiting Professor en homólogas institucións de Texas e Wisconsin. Ao longo da súa dilatada produción, Galicia, a súa lingua, a súa historia e as súas xentes representan unha constante dedicación que se explicita en forma de rigorosos estudos, traballos divulgativos ou coidadas edicións de textos. Precisamente, un dos autores a que Pensado consagrou máis tempo foi Fr. Martín Sarmiento, mesmo se podendo afirmar que o bieito se erixiu nunha referencia continua para o ilustre profesor.
A emerxencia de Vario(s)
Authors: Varela Barreiro Xavier
Published: March 2021

Entre os diferentes tipos de pronomes existentes no galego actual, sobrancea a forma Vario(s) por se tratar dunha forma erudita que só comeza a se detectar nos textos no século XIX, aínda que as gramáticas da altura (Mirás, 1864; Cuveiro, 1868; Saco Arce, 1868; Valladares, 1892) non a inclúan nos seus inventarios pronominais. Neste artigo preténdese facer un achegamento ás vicisitudes que acompañan o proceso de emerxencia do pronome Vario(s) no galego contemporáneo, asunto para o cal se manexarán os estudios filolóxicos galegos, se concederá atención á época en que se introduce e finalmente se exporán unhas reflexións á volta das condicións e dos motivos de a tal forma se incorporar aos paradigmas de pronomes.
Recensión: Luis Casteleiro Oliveros, La revolución en Lingüística (Ferdinand de Saussure)
Authors: Prego Vázquez Gabriela
Published: March 2021

Recensión: Luis Casteleiro Oliveros, La revolución en Lingüística (Ferdinand de Saussure), II Premio 'Dámaso Alonso' de Investigación Filolóxica, Santiago de Compostela, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 2000, 212 pp.
Periodização da língua portuguesa num contexto social: uma contribução para a Sociolinguística histórica
Authors: Carvalho Maria José
Published: March 2021

Neste trabalho, apresentamos algumas considerações de carácter periodológico que possam contribuir para a desagregação dos dois compactos blocos tradicionalmente estabelecidos na história da língua portuguesa –o português arcaico e o português moderno–, em épocas mais nitidamente diferenciadas. Tentou-se aplicar à Lingüística histórica alguns princípios e métodos da Sociolinguística actual, procurando evidenciar uma co variação de dados linguísticos e factores sociais. É, de facto, nossa convicção que para o estabelecimento de uma proposta de periodização da língua portuguesa deverão relacionar-se os factores internos e externos.
O tratamento da opcionalidade no programa minimalista
Authors: Longa Víctor M.
Published: March 2021

A noción de opcionalidade tense aplicado tradicionalmente en Gramática Xerativa cando un mesmo conxunto léxico inicial pode orixinar libremente derivacións alternativas, obtendo cada unha delas unha diferente representación gramatical, independentemente do número de pasos precisados para chegar a cada representación. Dende o comezo da Gramática Xerativa formuláronse análises opcionais de moitas construcións alternativas. Non obstante, esta óptica cambiou drasticamente co Programa Minimalista. No presente artigo, indagarase nas razóns do tratamento tan restritivo da opcionalidade que fai este modelo.
Existe rima de vogal aberta com vogal fechada na poesia trovadoresca galego-portuguesa?
Authors: Montero Santalha José-Martinho
Published: March 2021

Alguns estudiosos da poesia trovadoresca galego-portuguesa sugeriram que existem nela casos de rima de vogais e ou o abertas com as respectivas fechadas. O artigo analisa as possíveis ocorrências de tal rima e conclui que não há fundamento seguro para tal afirmação.
O contributo dos descobrimentos na ampliação vocabular da língua portuguesa
Authors: Pires Natália
Published: March 2021

Hoje em dia, parece bastante óbvio que toda e qualquer sociedade evolui graças aos contactos, quaisquer que sejam, que mantém com as demais sociedades. Assim, partindo deste pressuposto e de uma breve contextualização, ao longo do artigo pretende-se dar a conhecer algum do vocabulário, fruto de contactos mais ou menos prolongados entre portugueses e outros povos de além-mar, introduzido na Língua Portuguesa durante a diáspora.
De re bibliographica: BILEGA entre os recursos sobre o galego e o portugués na Internet
Authors: García Gondar Francisco
Published: March 2021

Neste traballo describo as principais características, contido e posibilidades de explotación da Bibliografía Informatizada da Lingua Galega (BILEGA), base de datos desenvolvida no Centro Ramón Piñeiro para a Investigación en Humanidades (CRPIH). Previamente, presento unha reflexión xeral sobre as vantaxes do formato dixital e a rede Internet para a construcción e difusión de fontes de información bibliográfica especializada, e ofrezo unha descrición sumaria dos recursos deste tipo que actualmente existen na Internet para o galego e o portugués. Estes recursos constitúen o contexto inmediato a partir do cal se deseñou e desenvolveu BILEGA.
Resenha: Giuseppe Tavani, Arte de Trovar do Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa
Authors: Montero Santalha José Martinho
Published: March 2021

Resenha: Giuseppe Tavani, Arte de Trovar do Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa: Introdução, edição crítica e fac-símile, Lisboa: Edições Colibri (Colecção “Viator”, vol. 2), 1999, 56 pp.
A lexitimidade da adaptación como estratexia tradutiva
Authors: Baxter Robert Neal
Published: March 2021

Encadrado dentro do contexto do eterno debate –vello mais actual a un tempo– que se desenvolve no ámbito dos estudos da tradución respecto da lexitimidade da adaptación en canto estratexia tradutiva, apoiado por unha serie de exemplos prácticos ilustrativos, sempre desde a perspectiva da tradución global mediante equivalencias dinámicas dentro do cadro da transferencia e intercambios intersistémicos, este artigo sostén que a adaptación non é non só lexítima senón que necesaria e inclusive inevitábel desde o momento en que se muda dunha lingua para unha outra. Advoga, así mesmo, para a plena asunción desta realidade por parte do tradutor para se poder aproveitar de xeito criativo, asegurando así a plena funcionalidade do novo texto (traducido) dentro do seu sistema de recepción.
Recensión: Goretti Sanmartín Rei, Lendo nas marxes. Lingua e compromiso nos paratextos (1863-1936)
Authors: Freixeiro Mato Xosé Ramón
Published: March 2021

Recensión: Goretti Sanmartín Rei, Lendo nas marxes. Lingua e compromiso nos paratextos (1863-1936), A Coruña, Espiral Maior, 2002.
ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE FACTORS BOOSTING LEARNER AUTONOMY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Tran Quoc Thao , Vo Quoc Dai
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the findings of a qualitative study exploring students’ perspectives on the factors boosting learner autonomy (LA) development. This study involved 393 English-majored students from a Ho Chi Minh City based higher education institution in answering open-ended questionnaires. The content analysis approach was used to analyze the qualitative data. The findings revealed that three major factors, viz. teacher-related factors, school-related factors and parental factors were believed to positively affect students’ LA emergence. However, research participants reckoned that teacher-related factors had a major role in boosting students’ LA development while school-related factors and parental factors played contributing roles in shaping students’ LA.
THE REALITY OF QUALITY OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES AT PRIMARY EDUCATION LEVEL FOLLOWING THE QUALITY ASSURANCE APPROACH IN VIETNAM
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Hai
Published: March 2021

Quality and quality assurance of inclusive education in general as well as in primary education level have been paid attentions by scientists, school teachers, parents of students with disabilities and community members. Doing research this issue in order to draw an overall picture of reality and to have bases for the future actions taken for improving the quality of inclusive education following the quality assurance approach has an important meanings. The contents of papepr reflects a research results by the author on this issue which follows the quality assurance approach as for the quality which is considered an overall quality or the quality combination by all the quality factors of inclusive education process in school and manifested by the development results of students with disabilities
A Numerical Discussion for the European Put Option Model
Authors: GÜLEN Seda
Published: March 2021

The Black-Scholes equations have been increasingly popular over the last three decades since they provide more practical information for optional behaviours. Therefore, effective methods have been needed to analyze these models. This study will focus mainly on investigating the behavior of the Black-Scholes equation for the European put option pricing model. To achieve this, numerical solutions of the Black-Scholes European option pricing model are produced by three combined methods. Spatial discretization of the Black-Scholes model is performed using a fourth-order finite difference (FD4) scheme that allows a highly accurate approximation of the solutions. For the time discretization, three numerical techniques are proposed: a strong-stability preserving Runge Kutta (SSPRK3), a fourth-order Runge Kutta (RK4) and a one-step method. The results produced by the combined methods have been compared with available literature and the exact solution.
Effects of mass flow rate and equivalence ratio on laminar premixed methane air flame
Authors: ATMACA Ulaş
Published: March 2021

The structures of laminar premixed flames of methane air mixture are investigated for different equivalence ratios and different mass flow rates numerically. Chemkin 19 program and GRI-Mech 3.0 mechanism is used for numerical solution. The axial velocity and mole fractions are investigated for each runs. It found that with the increase of the mass flow rate; the axial velocities of the flame, the axial location of the reaction zones and the mole fraction values of the intermediates increases. The values of the mole fractions of the reactants do not change with mass flow rate.
DNA Barcoding of Polygalaceae
Authors: AYGÖREN ULUER Deniz
Published: March 2021

Polygalaceae is a large family with a cosmopolitan distribution, comprising ca. 1,200 species in 27 genera. However, similar to many plant groups, the identification of Polygalaceae species mostly depends on floral and fruit characteristics; therefore, DNA barcoding could easily warrant the corect identification of sterile material. In the current study, the utility of six widely employed plant DNA barcode loci, namely rbcL, matK, trnL-F region (including trnL intron+trnL-F intergenic spacer), the entire ITS (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2) as well as subunits ITS1 and ITS2 have been explored by performing Maximum Likelihood (ML) and TaxonDNA analyses. The results have shown that, while none of the six loci reviewed here completely fulfils the ideal DNA barcoding criteria; yet, matK region is the most useful DNA barcode for Polygalaceae.
Albedo Factor Determination of Some Selected Cu Compounds
Authors: YILMAZ Mehmet , TURŞUCU Ahmet
Published: March 2021

Albedo factor parameter has recently come to the fore as a remarkable topic. The albedo factor parameter consists of 3 components: albedo number, albedo dose, and albedo number. With the albedo factor calculation, one of the radiation shielding parameters, the incoming radiation scattering coefficient of the target sample is calculated. In this article, the albedo factors of some copper compounds have been examined. The related samples have been carried out by using radiation sources and semiconductor detectors. Thereby, the calculated shielding parameters have been plotted as a function of the mean atomic numbers of target samples. Finally, this study shows that the increasing mean atomic number of the selected samples causes decreases in albedo factor parameters of the selected samples.
Measurement of Electromagnetic Pollution Level and Calculation of Radiation Dose Index throughout Malatya Street in Elbistan District of Kahramanmaraş
Authors: SÖĞÜT Ömer , EYİCİL Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı Kahramanmaraş’ın Elbistan İlçesinin Malatya Caddesi boyunca elektromanyetik kirlilik düzeyini ölçmek, radyasyon doz indeksini hesaplamak ve bu konu ile ilgili farkındalık oluşturmaktır. Bu amaçla, ortamın toplam elektrik (E) ve manyetik (H) alan kuvvetlerini ve eşdeğer düzlem dalga güç yoğunluklarını (S) ölçmek için Narda NBM-550 geniş bant elektromanyetik alan ölçer cihazı kullanıldı. GSM 900, GSM 1800 ve UMTS (2100) MHz frekanslarındaki ölçümler için ise Aaronia Spectran HF-60105 V4 Taşınabilir Spektrum Analizörü ve MCS kodlu yazılım yüklü bir dizüstü bilgisayar kullanıldı. Her bir noktada üç ölçüm alındı. Ek olarak, ölçümlerin anlamlı bir sonuca ulaşması için ölçüm süresi en az altı dakika olarak alınmıştır. Sonuçlar BTK ve ICNIRP tarafından tanımlanan limit değerler ile karşılaştırıldı. Radyasyon doz indeksi hesaplandı ve RDI<1 olarak bulundu. E, H ve S değerlerinin tümü ICNIRP ve BTK gibi uluslararası ve ulusal kurumlar tarafından belirlenen sınır değerlerinin altında kaldı.
Medical management of pediculosis palpebrarum
Authors: Naik Vasu Narasimha , Vishveswaraiah
Published: March 2021

: To know the efficacy of only conservative management without manual removal of adult parasite in treatment of pediculosis palpebrarum.

: Seventeen patients with pediculosis palpebrarum underwent health education on personal hygiene, avoid overcrowding, counseling and psychotherapy. Deparasitisation of associated axillary and pubic area with Permethrin 1% cream application two courses at weeks gap. Washing clothes and linen in hot water. Face wash with shampoo lotion and simultaneously rubbing of the eye for 1-2 minutes thrice daily. Topically Antibiotic - steroid drops and ointment thrice daily for 6 weeks. No manual removal of adult parasite, epilation or trimming of the eye lashes was done.

: The mean age of patient is 19.5 +/- 13.4 years. Male: Female ratio was 10:7. Mean duration of symptom is 13.+/-6.6 weeks. Commonest presentation was itching in all patients. 82.3% (14/17) patients had bilateral involvement of both upper and lower lids with associated pubic and axillary area infestation. By 1 week all had resolution of symptoms and on 3 week 82.3% (14/17) free from infestation. (3 dropout) only discomfort was transient blurring of vision due to eye ointment.

: Conservative management without manual removal of adult parasite is equally effective in treating pediculosis palpebrarum. Acceptable to children, anxious and non cooperative patients. It wiil avoid the discomfort to patients, complications of sedation and local side effects of topical parasiticidal agents. Only side effect was transient blurring of vision due to eye ointment.
Optic disc vascular malformation with venous stasis and macular edema
Authors: Varman Aadithreya , Gnanadurai Samuel Cornelius , Karunanidhi S Vimala
Published: March 2021

Arteriovenous malformations are abnormal tangled blood vessels with multiple irregular connections between arteries and veins. These malformations can occur anywhere with a preponderance to the spinal cord and brain.

AV-malformations are usually congenital and patients might also have an associated intracranial aneurysm. Ophthalmic manifestations of AVM depend upon the location, varying from being asymptomatic to visual phenomena, field defects, diplopia, nystagmus etc.

AV malformations in the cortical or occipital lobe produce visual symptoms which are transient. They can be associated with scotomas and migraine type headache. Signs and symptoms of brainstem AVMs are nonspecific and may include diplopia, nystagmus, dizziness, ocular motor nerve palsy, gaze palsy, anisocoria, or pupillary light–near dissociation. Findings are usually unilateral. There can be transient monocular vision loss due to the “steal phenomenon” in rare cases.

Diagnosis of an AVM are based on angiographic findings which demonstrate an engorged arterial system, rapid filling of the malformation and outflow of the venous system.
G15043A mutation in a case of autosomal recessive optic atrophy. Causative or incidental?
Authors: Jain Pallav , Sardana Vijay
Published: March 2021

Autosomal recessive inheritance pattern in a case of hereditary optic atrophy is uncommon. Patients with recessive optic atrophy without involvement of any other system are rare. There is no causative gene or genetic mutation associated with it. Here we report a case of a 16-year-old girl which was diagnosed to be a case of AROA. Genetic analysis done in this patient revealed G15043A mutation. Identification of similar cases of the AROA can increase our understanding of the disorder and formulate treatment options.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, PCOS & hypothyroidism in adolescent
Authors: Vansadia Abhishek B , Gnanadurai Samuel Cornelius , Waris Syed Ali Nasar
Published: March 2021

An 18-year old Obese female with a history of hypothyroidism & PCOS presented with complains of headache for 5 days associated with nausea and double vision for 2 days. Her neurological examination together with Cranial Nerves was Normal except for bilateral restriction of abduction, suggestive of bilateral abucens nerve involvement. Fundus findings revealed bilateral grade III disc edema. Lumbar puncture indicated increased opening pressure and MRI was normal, which further ruled out the other Causes for Raised Intracranial Pressure. Patient was treated with IV mannitol and then switched over to oral acetazolamide. Patient improved over 1 week. Patient was further followed with serial visual field tests.
Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Premixed Combustion of Methane / Air in Low Swirl Burner under Elevated Pressures and Temperatures
Authors: Ali Akram Ben , Karkoub Mansour , Chrigui Mouldi
Published: March 2021

Turbulent combustion modeling of lean premixed methane/air gas mixture in a low swirl burner is carried out using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The operating conditions of the experiment as well as simulation are carried out at elevated pressure and temperature. The first case-simulation is a premixed combustion model based on C-equation formulation, the second one is based on species transport – Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model. Numerical results for axial velocity and turbulence intensity along the centerline showed a good agreement against the experimental data. Quantitative results of OH mass fraction contour showing the flame structure are in a plausible agreement compared to the experimental measurement.
Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Square Micro Pin Fins under Forced Convection
Authors: Singh Niranjan Ramendra , Onkar Singh , Ramkumar Janakarajan
Published: March 2021

Thermal management of the new generation’s high performance electronic and mechanical devices is becoming important due to their miniaturization. Conventionally, the plate fin arrangement is widely used for removal of dissipated heat but, their effectiveness is not up to mark. Among different options, the most attractive and efficient alternative for overcoming this problem is micro pin fin heat sink. This paper presents the experimental investigation of square micro-pin fins heat sink for identifying the most suitable pin fin geometry for heat removal applications under forced convection. Twenty five square micro pin fin heat sinks were tested for three different heat load and Reynolds number. The results show that for large fin height lower thermal resistance was observed at the cost of large pressure drop. The dimensionless heat transfer coefficient increases with fin height and Reynolds number while it decreases with increasing fin spacing. The improvement in micro pin fin efficiency were observed by about 2 to 9% owing to presence of fins on the impingement surface, flow mixing, disruption of the boundary layers, and augmentation of turbulent transport.
Single Injection Unilateral Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block versus Local Anaesthetic Infiltration for Post-Operative Analgesia after Nephrectomy in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Raipur - A Randomised Single-Blind Study
Authors: Agrawal Shraddha , Suryawanshi Avan , Sharma Umesh , Jojo Thara , Choure Vaishali
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND This was a randomised single-blinded study. It was designed to compare the superiority of infiltration analgesia and ultrasound guided unilateral transversus abdominis plane block on pain scores, total opioid consumption, and assess the side effects of opioid after nephrectomy. METHODS This study included 56 patients aged between 18 - 50 years with American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) status II - III who underwent nephrectomy. Patients were broadly placed in 2 groups, who underwent transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia as Group TAP and infiltration analgesia as Group LA. Visual analog scale was used for post-operative pain evaluation at the 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours. Patients with VAS of more than 3 were given tramadol 1 mg / Kg. In the first 24 hours postoperatively, total analgesic consumption, rate of nausea vomiting and other side effect of patients were recorded and results were evaluated statistically. RESULTS Demographic characteristics were similar in the two groups; post-operative visual analog scale (VAS) score were significantly less in the transversus abdominis plane block group at the 6th, 8th and 12th hours compared to the infiltration analgesia group. The total analgesic consumption and nausea-vomiting rates were significantly lower in the transversus abdominis plane block. CONCLUSIONS In our study transversus abdominis plane block method was found superior to infiltration analgesia method on post-operative pain management in unilateral nephrectomy. In conclusion, we recommend the transversus abdominis plane block to be effective for post-operative analgesia after unilateral nephrectomy. KEYWORDS Nephrectomy, Postoperative Pain Management, Transversus Abdominis Plane Block, Infiltration Analgesia, opioid Consumption
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography Evaluation of Biliary Tract, Gall Bladder, and Pancreas
Authors: Narra Rama Krishna , Badisa Sivaram Prasadbabu , Yatam Tejaswini , Pasupaleti Bhimeswarao
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a noninvasive imaging method of demonstration of hepatic, cholangio- and pancreatic-systems and their duct system and depends on heavy T2-weighted (T2-W) images. The present study was undertaken to study and evaluate patients with clinical suspicion of the biliary tract, gall bladder and pancreatic pathology, with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRCP and to assess the pitfalls in MRCP for the evaluation of the biliary tract, gall bladder, and pancreas. METHODS The study included sixty patients with clinical signs and symptoms of obstructive jaundice referred for MRCP to the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Katuri Medical College and Hospital and patients who were referred to the department with clinical suspicion of pancreas, gallbladder and biliary tract disease. Pregnant patients, claustrophobic patients and patients with MRI contraindications such as cardiac pacemakers, aneurysm clips and metallic implants were excluded from the study. RESULTS Most of the patients in our study were of 30 - 70 years age group. Of the sixty cases included in our study, 58 % were males and 42 % were females. In most of the patients, in our study, benign pathology was observed which included cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis and acute pancreatitis being next common. Case of choledochal cyst were also encountered. Most of common bile duct strictures were of benign aetiology. Of the malignant pathology detected, cholangiocarcinoma followed by periampullary carcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma were commonly encountered. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance pancreatic cholangiography is an imaging modality for evaluation of pancreaticobiliary disorders. MRCP detected the exact location and cause of biliary tract obstruction and aetiology was well demonstrated. Pure cholesterol stones are difficult to detect on CT because they are iso attenuating or slightly hypoattenuating to bile. Sub centimetric calculi are well demonstrated by MRCP. Malignant strictures and benign strictures are well demonstrated. MRCP being non-invasive and radiation hazard free with inherent high resolution with multiplanar imaging capability could be considered as gold standard in imaging of few gall bladder and biliary system disorders. KEYWORDS Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography, Cholelithiasis, Pancreatitis, Periampullary Carcinoma, Gall Bladder Carcinoma, Cholangiocarcinoma
A Comprehensive Survey of Proton Beam Therapy Research and Development in Iran
Authors: Piruzan Elham , Vosoughi Naser , Mahani Hojjat
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) is an emerging radiotherapy technique using beams of proton to treat cancer. As the first report addressing the topic, the principal aim is to highlight the present status of PBT research and development in Iran as a developing country.
Materials and Methods: To do so, the demand for PBT in Iran and Iran National Ion Therapy Center (IRNitc) was investigated and introduced. Then, Scopus and PubMed were searched for studies that dealt with PBT research in Iran and subsequently 6 major subfields of interest were identified. Furthermore, international collaborations were extracted from the bibliographic data. To combine both research and development sides, a SWOT analysis was performed through collecting viewpoints of 48 radiotherapy experts about PBT, and then strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of it were examined.
Results: Iran contributes to approximately 1% of global PBT sciences. Proton dose calculation using Monte Carlo simulation is the dominant subject of interest for Iranian researchers. Italy is recognized as the major foreign partner in PBT researches. Clinical advantages over conventional radiotherapy modalities are the main strength of PBT development in Iran while the high installation cost remains the most weakness. Finally, 10 general considerations for the launching of a PBT facility in Iran were presented based upon both Iranian experts’ viewpoints and IAEA recommendations.
Conclusion: This research reveals that while PBT research and development in Iran are still in their infancy, there are promising trends in both the research and development sides of PBT.
The Investigation of Conductivity of Magnetic Nanoparticles in the Vascular Network by DCC Method and the Effect of Forces on the Efficiency of Targeted Magnetic Drug Delivery
Authors: Saadatmand Seyed Erfan , Kavousi Seyede Mahsa , Riyahi Alam Nader
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Targeted magnetic drug delivery is one of the methods of cancer treatment. In this method, magnetic factors are conducted inside the body by a variable external magnetic field and deliver the drug agents to the tumor area. The present study aimed to investigate the performance of the drug magnetic conduction by using Differential Current Coil (DCC) and the effect of gravity force on it.  
Materials and Methods: In mathematical modeling, magnetic, hydrodynamic and gravity forces were assumed to affect the movement of magnetic nanoparticles inside the vessels. Helmholtz coils with a circular cross-section and different currents were simulated in the software environment. The trajectory of nanoparticles within the static fluid, Y-shape channel and multi-branch vascular network was calculated. The relations between the magnetic force applied on the magnetic nanoparticles and the parameters of coil flow, radius and relative permeability of the nanoparticles were investigated.
Results: The magnetic flux generated in the coils was calculated and the particles moved in the direction of the magnetic gradient. The diagram of magnetophoresis force changes with the physical parameters was calculated. Particle trajectory and correct exit rate were obtained in simulated vessels. The output changes in the state of with-the-effect and without-the-effect of gravity were about 1.5 to 3%. The output changes of the correct and incorrect branches were calculated by changing the angle of the branches.
Conclusion: From the approximate reduction of 2% of the correct output, it can be concluded that the effect of gravity on the conductivity of the system can be neglected. Besides, it seems that as the injection point is closer to the conduction point, the amount of the correct output will increase more.
Brain Volume Analysis with T1-MRI Data in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ghobadi Samian Neda , Maghooli Keivan , Farokhi Fardad
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired social interactions. Early detection can prevent the progression of the disease. So far, much research has been done to better diagnose autism. Investigation of brain structure using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides valuable information on the evolution of the brain of patients with autism.  
Materials and Methods: In this study, we equally selected T1-MRI data from 20 control subjects and 20 patients, aged under 13 years (male and female, right hand and left hand). MRI research has shown that the brain of autistic children has grown locally and globally. In this paper, for the brain volumetric evaluation of autistic patients, the MRI data was segmented and then analyzed with a statistical method, which has been investigated more generally, in both the cortical and subcortical areas.
Results: We extracted 110 cortical and subcortical brain areas. The statistical analysis show which areas are important in discriminant between ASD and healthy control groups. According to the results of MRI, an increase in overall growth is seen in the subcortical areas of the brain (amygdala and hippocampus) as well as the cerebellum, but in adults with autism, a decrease in brain volume is seen.
Conclusion: In this study, we analyze the T1-MRI data of ASD subjects for early detection of Autism disorder. Our results were shown in the 6 brain areas that have P-values under 0.005. These areas are important in the early detestation and treatment of ASD.
Drift Diffusion Model of Animacy Categorization Task Can Detect Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Karimi Hamed , Marefat Haniye , Khanbagi Mahdiye , Karami Alireza , Vahabi Zahra
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The process of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is irreversible using current therapeutics. An earlier diagnosis of the disease can lead to earlier interventions, which will help patients sustain their cognitive abilities for longer. Individuals within the early stages of AD, shown to have trouble making confident and sounds decisions. Here we proposed a computational approach to quantify the decision-making ability in patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild AD.
Materials and Methods: To study the quantified decision-making abilities at the early stages of the disease, we took advantage of a 2-Alternative Forced-Choice (2AFC) task. We applied the Drift Diffusion Model to determine whether the information accumulation process in a categorization task is altered in patients with mild cognitive impairment and mild AD. We implemented a classification model to detect cognitive impairment based on the Drift Diffusion Model's estimated parameters.
Results: The results show a significant correlation of the classification score with the standard pen-and-paper tests, suggesting that the quantified decision-making parameters are undergoing significant change in patients with cognitive impairment.
Conclusion: We confirmed that the decision-making ability deteriorates at the early stages of AD. We introduced a computational approach for measuring the decline in decision-making and used that measurement to distinguish patients from healthy individuals.
THE SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE IN INTERPRETING THE RELIGIOUS DAYS COMMEMORATION BY CROSS-RELIGIOUS OF MALAY SOCIETY IN THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Muslimah Muslimah
Published: March 2021

This study aims to describe the form of the religious day celebrations of Malay society across religions and the meaning of commemorating them in educational institutions. This field research uses a qualitative research approach with data collection through in-depth interviews, participant level observation and documentation. The results of the study describe that the form of religious day commemoration activities in SMPN 2 Arut Selatan are grouped into two, namely: commemoration of religious days which are commemorated based on certain moments, for instance are maulid of the Prophet Muhammad, Isra Mi'raj, and celebrations to welcome the Islamic New Year (Islam), Christmas and Easter (Christian Protestant and Catholic); and routine religious activities, for example is prayer with each of the followers of interfaith religions. Furthermore, the meanings of the religious days celebration are grouped into three views, trere are; as the obligation/ necessity of the learning process, empirical religion and individual's religion; as a culture / habit that becomes a system at school; as a requirement for the implementation of religious practices; and as a culture related to the commemoration of religious days.
Sağ sinüs valsalva kökenli sol koroner sistemin göğüs ağrısı ile prezentasyonu
Authors: TANRIVERDİ Okan , AŞKIN Lütfü
Published: March 2021

Her üç koroner atardamarın sağ sinüs valsalvadan çıkması oldukça nadirdir. Koroner anomaliler, ateroskleroz nedeniyle iskemiye neden olabilir. Ekokardiyografi, koroner anjiyografi, bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) gibi yöntemler anormal koroner arterlerin kökenini ve seyrini teşhis etmek için kullanılmıştır. Bizim çalışmamızda sadece koroner anjiografi ve ekokardiyografik görüntülemeler yapılabildi. Akut koroner sendrom (AKS) tanılı tıkayıcı koroner lezyonları olmayan ve her üç koroner arterin de sağ sinüs valsalvadan kaynaklandığı bir vakayı sunmayı amaçladık.
Uporabne rastline od Krasa do Kvarnerja: Priročnik za prepoznavanje divjih rastlin s poudarkom na njihovi uporabnosti
Authors: Vitasović Kosić Ivana , Bakan Branko , Fištravec Gregor , Kaligarič Mitja
Published: March 2021

Knjiga obravnava nekaj čez 150 različnih vrst uporabnih rastlin iz Območja Krasa, Istre in obrobja Kvarnerja (Slovenija in Hrvaška). V uvodu je pojasnjeno kako smo povezali botaniko in prazgodovino gradišč (kaštelirjev) na tem območju: v prazgodovini je bil človek lovec in nabiralec, in je to vse do današnjih časov tudi ostal. Jedilne, zdravilne, začimbne, dišavne, in druge uporabne rastline (kot material, obredni namen) so človeka spremljale iz generacije v generacijo. To znanje smo v projektu »kaštelir« raziskovali, ga povzeli in strnili v dvostranske botanične opise rastlin, način nabiranja, priprave in njihovo uporabo. Tako smo prikazali 154?? divje rastočih vrst, vsako tudi s tremi do štirimi originalno posnetimi fotografijami. V knjigi je tudi krajša predstavitev rastlinske morfologije, floristični in predvsem vegetacijski opis celotnega območja in kodeks nabiranja divjih rastlin. Knjiga – vodič po uporabnih divjih rastlonah – je namenjena širšemu krogu bralcev, ki jih zanima narava in življenje z njo.
Korisne biljke od Krasa do Kvarnerja: Priručnik za prepoznavanje samoniklih biljaka s naglaskom na njihovu korisnost
Authors: Vitasović Kosić Ivana , Bakan Branko , Fištravec Gregor , Kaligarič Mitja
Published: March 2021

Priručnik za prepoznavanje samoniklih biljaka od Krasa do Kvarnera s naglaskom na njihovu korisnost nastao je u okviru projekta Interreg SLO-HR / 444 Kaštelir / Prapovijesne utvrde i etnobotanika za održivi turizam i ruralni razvoj - od Krasa (preko Brkina, Ćičarije i Istre ) do Kvarnera. U njemu su predstavljeni kratki, sažeti i stručni opisi 152 tipične i karakteristične biljke. Prikazane korisne biljke korištene su u svakodnevnom životu na širem području slovenskog Krasa, Istre i Kvarnera, vjerojatno od prapovijesti do danas. Iako je priručnik zemljopisno povezan sa “zemljom Kaštelira”, gdje se i danas mogu pronaći ostaci pretpovijesnih utvrda (gradina), priručnik je također općenito primjenjiv izvan opisanog područja. Istodobno, priručnik je rezultat dugogodišnjih terenskih istraživanja i prikupljanja podataka o sadašnjem poznavanju korisnih biljaka među lokalnim stanovništvom, što se odražava i na prikupljeno izuzetno bogato dijalektalno, slovensko i hrvatsko biljno nazivlje (prikupljeno je više od 640 naziva biljnih vrsta). Ovaj stručni priručnik sadrži nešto više od 580 autorskih fotografija. Obogaćen je florističkim i vegetacijskim uvodom, a u glavnom dijelu su predstavljeni mnogi načini korištenja biljaka u kulinarstvu, narodnoj medicini, hortikulturi i u svakodnevnom poljodjelskom životu posebno onih biljaka koje su karakteristične za opisano istraživano područje. Upute za pravilno korištenje biljaka pomoći će amaterima, ali i iskusnijim sakupljačima samoniklog bilja u uređivanju vlastitih zbirki ljekovitog, začinskog, jestivog i ukrasnog bilja.