bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Honey on Pediatric Radio/Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis (R/CIOM): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hao Siyuan , Ji Ling , Wang Yan
Published: March 2022

Background. As a common side effect of radio/chemotherapy, oral mucositis severely affects patients’ quality of life. Honey has been recommended for adults with radio/chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (R/CIOM), but its effect for pediatric patients has not been systematically evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to illuminate whether honey is effective in treating pediatric R/CIOM. Methods. Two authors searched electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify relevant studies, published in English. Then, the outcomes data was extracted from eligible studies and pooled in the meta-analysis. Results. Totally, five studies containing 316 patients were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. The result indicated that honey intervention significantly reduced the recovery time (MD = −5.10, 95% CI [−9.60, −0.61],

P
<
0.001

, I2 = 98%, random-effect model) in pediatric patients. Honey also reduced the occurrence of all grades of R/CIOM (RR = 0.19, 95% CI [0.12, 0.30],

P
<
0.001

, I2 = 0%, fixed-effect model) and the occurrence of grade III and grade IV R/CIOM (RR = 0.18, 95% CI [0.08, 0.41],

P
<
0.001

, I2 = 7%, fixed-effect model), and the sensitivity analysis showed the results were stable and robust. Conclusion. Therefore, honey could be a competent candidate for the complementary treatment of pediatric R/CIOM.
Retrospective Comparison of Postoperative Fascia Iliaca Block and Multimodal Drug Injection on Early Function of the Knee in Femoral Fractures Using Retrograde Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Li Songtao , Luo Ping , Huang Yuhu , Xia Huarong , Wei Wushu , Wei Wendun , Xia Tianyu , Xu Kai
Published: March 2022

Introduction. There is a common concern about the pain and rehabilitation of the knee after femoral retrograde intramedullary nailing. It is essential for early postoperative knee function required for physical self-maintenance in daily life. And a favorable rehabilitation of the knee usually promotes the quality of life. However, early rehabilitation is absent or insufficient for many patients in postoperative management. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the effect of early knee function improvement in comparison to postoperative fascia iliaca blocking (FIB) and multimodal drug injection (MDI). Patients and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 41 patients receiving femoral fracture treatment with retrograde intramedullary nailing, was performed during 2018–2020. 19 patients were treated with MDI as postoperative analgesia, and 22 patients were treated with FIB. Rehabilitation started on the first postoperative day and lasted for 3 months. Visual analog scale (VAS), the range of motion (ROM) of the knee, and single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE) were assessed. Results. There was no significant difference shown in any of the demographic, fracture types, and operative time. All patients performed regular and voluntary knee rehabilitation and weight-bearing at home following the instruction from the orthopedic staff. Pain in the FIB group at postoperative 1-day was milder (1.7 ± 1.1), compared with that in the MDI group (2.8 ± 1.3,

p
=
0.038

). There was a significant difference in VAS between two groups at postoperative 1-month (

p
=
0.031

), with a peak score in the FIB group (3.3 ± 0.9). At postoperative 3-month, both groups had pain relief with similar VAS (

p
=
0.465

). The ROM of the knee in both groups was continuously improved during the first three months. The SANE in the MDI group was significantly different compared with FIB at 1-month (

p
=
0.026

). However, scores of SANE were similar in both groups at 3 months (

p
=
0.541

). All patients were identified as fractures union at 9-month or 12-month follow-up. Conclusion. The knee pain was commonly experienced in this series of retrograde femoral nailings. Both MDI and FIB provided immediate and effective pain control after femoral fracture surgery. MDI was more beneficial to continuous pain control and knee rehabilitation in the early follow-up. The extent of pain relief and knee function improvement reached the same level at postoperative 3-month.
Effects of Medium-Term Soft Contact Lens Fitting on Dry Eye: Analyses Using Ultra-High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography and Digital Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy
Authors: Wang Yuzhou , Xu Zhiqiang , Chen Shuangjiao , Xu Yangyang , Wei Linzhi , Lu Fan , Hu Liang
Published: March 2022

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the medium-term fit of soft contact lenses (SCLs) and its effects on dry eye by using ultra-high-resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) and digital slit-lamp biomicroscopy (DSLB) and identify factors indicating a better contact lens fit. Methods. A total of 14 participants (7 men, 7 women; mean age, 23.1 years) were recruited. Temporal lag and conjunctival coverage were imaged by UHR-OCT. DSLB was used to assess lens decentration and blink-induced movement. In addition, dry eye indices, including ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear break-up time (TBUT), and Schirmer I test scores, were measured at baseline and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after wearing. Results. Good repeatability was found in the assessments of lens fit characteristics by two researchers and in the assessments by one researcher at different follow-up times. There were no significant differences in lens fit characteristics, TBUT and Schirmer I test scores at each checkpoint (P >0.05). However, the OSDI was significantly higher than baseline after wearing (P <0.05). Changes in the temporal lag were positively correlated with changes in TBUT (r =0.544, P =0.044) and negatively correlated with changes in OSDI (r = -0.629, P =0.016). Changes in blink-induced movement were positively correlated with changes in OSDI, Schirmer I test scores, and TBUT (P <0.05). Conclusions. UHR-OCT and DSLB can be used to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate SCL fit. Both the contact lenses and ocular surface conditions are almost stable within 6 months of SCL wear. Temporal lag and blink-induced movement have a strong correlation with dry eye parameters in SCL wearers.
Interleukin-22 Deficiency Reduces Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Dissection and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in ApoE-/- Mice
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Juanjuan , Xu Yulin , Liao Shichong , Song Junlong , Xu Zhiliang , Wei Wen , Zhu Shan
Published: March 2022

Background. Our previous study showed that interleukin-22 (IL-22) levels were increased in patients with aortic dissection (AD). This study evaluated the effects of IL-22 on AD/abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in angiotensin II (Ang II)-infused ApoE-/- mice. Methods. ApoE-/- mice were treated with Ang II for 28 days, and IL-22 expression was examined. In addition, the effects of IL22 deficiency on AAA/AD formation induced by Ang II infusion in ApoE-/- mice were investigated. ApoE-/-IL-22-/- mice were transplanted with bone marrow cells isolated from ApoE-/- mice or ApoE-/-IL-22-/- mice, and AAA/AD formation was observed. Results. IL-22 expression was increased in both the aortas and serum of ApoE-/- mice after Ang II infusion and was mainly derived from aortic CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4+ TCs). IL-22 deficiency significantly reduced the AAA/AD formation as well as the maximal aortic diameter in Ang II-infused ApoE-/- mice. Decreased elastin fragmentation and reduced fibrosis were observed in the aortas of ApoE-/-IL-22-/- mice compared with ApoE-/- mice. The deletion of IL-22 also decreased aortic M1 macrophage differentiation, alleviated M1 macrophage-induced oxidative stress, and reduced aortic smooth muscle cell loss. Furthermore, M1 macrophage-induced oxidative stress was worsened and AAA/AD formation was promoted in ApoE-/-IL-22-/- mice that received transplanted bone marrow cells from ApoE-/- mice compared with those that were transplanted with bone marrow cells isolated from ApoE-/-IL-22-/- mice. Conclusions. IL-22 deficiency inhibits AAA/AD formation by inhibiting M1 macrophage-induced oxidative stress. IL-22 potentially represents a promising new target for preventing the progression of AAA/AD.
Optimization of Electric Automation Control Model Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Ma Run , Kareem Shahab Wahhab , Kalra Ashima , Doewes Rumi Iqbal , Kumar Pankaj , Miah Shahajan
Published: March 2022

To effectively solve the problems faced by modern electrical engineering, the design of an electrical automation control system based on artificial intelligence technology is realized. A model of electrical automation control system based on an artificial intelligence algorithm is presented. The control parameters are optimized by using the artificial intelligence algorithm control strategy. The research results show that when there is 20% load interference and 2.1 Hz frequency interference, the maximum failure rate of the turbine under system control is 0.02, indicating that the system has high anti-interference. Therefore, in the automatic control of electrification, the application of the artificial intelligence algorithm can greatly improve the control response time of the automatic control of electrification, save cost, and achieve efficient production.
Application Research of Time Delay System Control in Mobile Sensor Networks Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zhu Wenwu , Garg Tanya , Raza Saleem , Lalar Sachin , Barak Dheer Dhwaj , Rahmani Abdul Wahab
Published: March 2022

One of the main problems of networked control systems is that signal transmission delay is inevitable due to long distance transmission. This will affect the performance of the system, such as stability range, adjustment time, and rise time, and in serious cases, the system cannot maintain a stable state. In this regard, a definite method is adopted to realize the compensation of network control system. To improve the control ability of mobile sensor network time delay system, the control model of mobile sensor network time delay system based on reinforcement learning is proposed, and the control objective function of mobile sensor network time delay system is constructed by using high-order approximate differential equation, combined with maximum likelihood estimation method for parameter estimation of mobile sensor network time delay, the convergence of reinforcement learning methods for mobile sensor network control and adaptive scheduling, and sensor network time delay system control model of multidimensional measure information registration in strengthening tracking learning optimization mode to realize the adaptive control of mobile sensor network time delay system. The simulation results show that the proposed method has good adaptability, high accuracy of estimation of delay parameters, and strong robustness of the control process.
The Clinical History and Basic Science Origins of Transcutaneous Osseointegration for Amputees
Authors: Hoellwarth Jason Shih , Tetsworth Kevin , Akhtar Muhammad Adeel , Al Muderis Munjed
Published: March 2022

Transcutaneous osseointegration for amputees (TOFA) refers to an intramedullary metal endoprosthesis which passes transcutaneously to connect with a limb exoprosthesis. The first recognizably modern experiments and attempts occurred in the 1940s. Multiple researchers using a plethora of materials and techniques over the following 50 years identified principles and obstacles which informed the first long-term successful surgery in 1990. Unfortunately, the current mainstream TOFA literature presents almost exclusively subsequent developments, generally omitting prior research, leading to some historical mistakes being repeated. Given the increasing interest and surgical volume of TOFA, this literature review was performed to delineate TOFA’s basic science and surgical origins and to integrate these early efforts within the contemporary understanding. Studying this research could protect and benefit future patients, surgeons, and implant developers as TOFA is entering a phase of increased attention and innovation. The aim of this article is to provide a focused reference of foundational research, much of which is difficult to identify and retrieve, for clinicians and researchers.
Effects and Safety of Non-Pharmacological Therapies of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Coronary Heart Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Ji Weiqiang , Wu Lan , Pan Guangming , Zou Xu
Published: March 2022

Objectives. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is currently the leading cause of human death. Non-pharmacological therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (NPTCM) is an important characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Questions concerning the efficacy and safety of NPTCM-related interventions in patients with CHD led us to conduct this overview of systematic reviews (SRs). Methods. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, Epistemonikos, PROSPERO, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and SinoMed were searched without language and publication status restriction from their inception to May 2021, along with grey literature sites and reference lists of included reviews. Systematic reviews comparing NPTCM/a combination of NPTCM and non-TCM interventions with non-TCM interventions/inactive controls for CHD were examined. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full-text articles, and completed data extraction and quality appraisal according to the predefined standards. Results. In total, 1494 titles and abstracts and 66 full-text articles were screened, and a total of 12 SRs (11 with meta-analysis) were finally included. According to PRISMA 2020 checklist, more than 50% of reviews conformed to 80% of 54 items. Consistent evidence of effectiveness or harms across multiple outcomes based on more than one moderate quality review with meta-analysis was found for acupuncture and usual care plus acupuncture/Baduanjin/TCM exercise therapies/TCM emotional therapy. These interventions were mostly evaluated less than 6 months. Conclusion. Acupuncture or acupuncture plus usual care could improve angina symptoms and ECG, and usual care plus Baduanjin/TCM exercise therapies could ameliorate health-related quality of life. Additionally, Baduanjin plus usual care could also improve psychological condition, and it as well as acupuncture could be safe due to no reports on adverse events related to these interventions. TCM emotional therapy plus usual care could benefit patients with CHD and depression.
Research on Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Based on Improved ShufflenetV2-LSTM
Authors: Ning Shaohui , Wang Yansong , Cai Wenan , Zhang Zhenlin , Wu Yukun , Ren Yonglei , Du Kangning
Published: March 2022

The timing characteristics of the fault vibration signal of the rolling bearing are ignored by the ShufflenetV2 network. For the bearing fault problem of multiple working conditions, the fault diagnosis signal is extracted by the feature, which cannot be performed efficiently and accurately. The ShufflenetV2 network has a deep number of layers and a large amount of parameters, which causes the network to be prone to overfitting. In response to the above problems, an improved ShufflenetV2-LSTM intelligent fault diagnosis system is proposed, which is a model in which the long short-term memory network (LSTM) layer and the Dropout layer are serially embedded in the ShufflenetV2 network. This method preserves the ability of the ShufflenetV2 network to extract features, and the advantage of the ability of LSTM to strengthen the data sequence is also inherited, so this improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis. The generalization ability of the model can be enhanced by Dropout, which can effectively suppress the degree of overfitting. In addition, this paper also optimized the activation function and optimizer in the model to make up for the additional time cost brought by the Dropout layer, so that the robustness of the system is improved and fault diagnosis can be analyzed efficiently. Experimental analysis shows that the diagnosis accuracy of the proposed algorithm is as high as 97% and early failures of rolling bearings can be effectively identified in real time.
Risk Decision-Making of Multiobjective Chaos Search in Construction Projects considering Loss Level and Probability Level
Authors: Li Yanjun , Wu Liyue , Sun Yuanqing , Lian Mengchen
Published: March 2022

In engineering projects, the coordination and management of multiple objectives is an important part of project management, which has a direct impact on the realization of objectives in terms of project duration, cost, and quality. The current engineering project investment presents the characteristics of large scale, long period, and many risks, which puts forward higher requirements for the multiobjective coordinated management of the project. Therefore, the analysis and optimization of the various objectives of the engineering project is the basis for achieving multiobjective balance and coordination. The comprehensive consideration of the risks faced by the engineering project and the dynamics of the environment in which it is located can make the objective optimization more realistic. On the basis of risk identification and risk evaluation, this paper is committed to considering multiple objective factors that affect the outcome of risk decision-making to achieve the optimization of decision-making schemes and applies multiobjective genetic algorithm to the optimization of decision-making schemes, thus finding a way to optimize the decision-making scheme. This paper analyzes the research progress and status of construction project risk management decision and multiobjective evolutionary algorithm and points out the imperfections of the current research. Then it introduces the related theory of construction project risk management decision, the related terminology of multiobjective optimization problem and the method used in this paper —the principle, process, and characteristics of genetic algorithm and prepares for the following problem solving. In this paper, a mathematical model for multiobjective decision-making of engineering project risk management is established, and the multiobjective genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. Through the analysis of examples, a series of Pareto optimal solutions with good convergence and diversity are obtained, the best combination of various risk control measures is found, and three goals of risk evaluation value, management cost, and risk loss are achieved. The two models with or without risk correlation present certain differences, the model with correlation considered is more accurate and applicable than the model without correlation considered in the existing research.
Joint Modeling of Exam Results and Attrition Status of Students at Hawassa College of Education, Ethiopia
Authors: Tola Mideksa , Belay Denekew Bitew , Zeru Melkamu A. , Adegeh Senait Cherie
Published: March 2022

Student attrition is a challenge for higher education institutions across the world. The purpose of this study was to examine the application of joint model using students’ commutative grade point average and attrition status. A total of 258 college student samples were used in this study. A mixed effect model for students’ grade point average and a Cox hazard model for students’ attrition status were modeled independently, and both submodels were modeled jointly by linking random effects through a shared parameter model. This study focused on gender issues, academic background, peer support, and residence. From the finding of this study, 26.4% were attrition, and 73.6% were retained. The estimated trend of commutative grade point average was found to be negatively associated with attrition status. The major factors that encounter students’ attritions were academic background and institutional factors.
Evaluation and Analysis of an Industrial Cluster Based on the BP Neural Network and LM Algorithm
Authors: Song Jian-tao
Published: March 2022

With the development of global economy, the evaluation of industrial clusters has become an important method to scientifically analyze the advantages and disadvantages of industrial development. The current research model uses the traditional evaluation method, which leads to the problem of unsatisfactory evaluation results and low effect. This paper proposes an evaluation model based on the BP neural network combined with the LM algorithm, which has the advantages of fast convergence speed and strong application ability. The comprehensive evaluation model of industrial clusters is put forward from the comprehensive application of the scale, benefit, and 27 related evaluation indexes of industrial clusters. This paper takes Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei industrial clusters for BP-LM evaluation and analysis, which fully illustrates the advantages of this method. The evaluation results show that the evaluation target value and the average error of the overall parity have obvious advantages compared with those of other models, which provides application guidance for local economic development and policy formulation.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Wireless Capsule Endoscopy in Polyp Recognition Using Deep Learning: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mi Junjie , Han Xiaofang , Wang Rong , Ma Ruijun , Zhao Danyu
Published: March 2022

Aim. As the completed studies have small sample sizes and different algorithms, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the accuracy of WCE in identifying polyps using deep learning. Method. Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for potentially eligible studies published up to December 8, 2021, which were analysed on a per-image basis. STATA RevMan and Meta-DiSc were used to conduct this meta-analysis. A random effects model was used, and a subgroup and regression analysis was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Results. Eight studies published between 2017 and 2021 included 819 patients, and 18,414 frames were eventually included in the meta-analysis. The summary estimates for the WCE in identifying polyps by deep learning were sensitivity 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95–0.98); specificity 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94–0.98); positive likelihood ratio 27.19 (95% CI, 15.32–50.42); negative likelihood ratio 0.03 (95% CI 0.02–0.05); diagnostic odds ratio 873.69 (95% CI, 387.34–1970.74); and the area under the sROC curve 0.99. Conclusion. WCE uses deep learning to identify polyps with high accuracy, but multicentre prospective randomized controlled studies are needed in the future.
The Protective Role of Hydrogen Sulfide and Its Impact on Gene Expression Profiling in Rat Model of COPD
Authors: He Yanjing , Sun Yun , Liao Chengcheng , Lin Fan , Xia Zhengyuan , Qi Yongfen , Chen Yahong
Published: March 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, which is usually caused by exposure to noxious particles or gases. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as an endogenous gasotransmitter, is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD, but its role in COPD is little known. To investigate the role of H2S in COPD, a rat model of COPD was established by cigarette smoking (CS) and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control,

CS
+
LPS

,

CS
+
LPS
+
sodium
 
hydrosulfide

(NaHS, H2S donor), and

CS
+
LPS
+
propargylglycine

(PPG, inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase, and CTH). Lung function in vivo, histology analysis of lung sections, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, CTH protein, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity in lung tissues were assessed. Gene expression profiling of lung was assessed by microarray analysis. The results showed that rats in the

CS
+
LPS

group had lower body weight and lung function but higher lung pathological scores, MDA concentration, CTH protein, T-SOD, and CAT activity compared with the control. Compared with

CS
+
LPS

group, NaHS treatment decreased lung pathological scores and MDA concentration, while PPG treatment decreased body weight of rats and T-SOD activity, and no significant differences were detected in pathological scores by PPG treatment. Microarray analysis identified multiple differentially expressed genes, and some genes regulated by H2S were involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation pathways. It indicates that H2S may play a protective role in COPD via antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis pathway.
A Social-aware and Mobile Computing-based E-Commerce Product Recommendation System
Authors: Xu Qin , Wang Jun
Published: March 2022

E-commerce product recommendation system can help users to find their own products quickly from a large number of products. To address the shortcomings of the current e-commerce product recommendation system, such as low efficiency and large recommendation errors, we designed an intelligent recommendation system based on social awareness and mobile computing. The behavioral characteristics of the current e-commerce product recommendation system are analyzed; the e-commerce product recommendation system is built according to the data processing technology of mobile computing, and the key technologies of the e-commerce product recommendation system are designed. The test results show that the proposed system overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional e-commerce product recommendation system, speeds up the speed of users to find the products they really need from a large number of products, improves the accuracy of e-commerce product recommendations, and the error of e-commerce product recommendations is much lower than that of the traditional, which has higher practical application value.
Painting Modeling Language Based on Convolution Neural Networks in Digital Media Art
Authors: Zhou Lingyan
Published: March 2022

Digital media, as a high-tech method, has gradually affected all aspects of social production, including artistic creation, in the information age. Contemporary painting art, as an important form of artistic expression, will inevitably be baptized by digital media in the tide of time. The color of digital media ushers in a new era in contemporary painting. The development of deep learning makes the research field of artificial intelligence move towards a deeper and more practical level. Among them, CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) has very important research value in image feature expression. The digitization of painting works is of great significance to the effective use of painting resources. The traditional image classification methods do not consider the subjective characteristics of painting works, and most of the features need to be extracted manually, resulting in the loss of detailed features. The research and design of image retrieval system in this paper is based on CNN. One is to extract the features of the image using convolution neural network. The scale of image data sets in the resource database is still small. For the field of deep learning research, data sets can only be regarded as small-scale data sets. Combined with the actual situation, the convolution neural network model is trained, and the better convolution neural network structure Artnet is selected through experimental analysis. It is a seven-layer network structure including two volume layers, two pool layers, and a full connection layer. The second is to design and implement a practical image retrieval system based on Artnet and effectively integrate it with other systems of the project as an important function of the project construction.
Effects of Low-Dose Spironolactone Combined with Metformin or Either Drug Alone on Insulin Resistance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Authors: Long Tao , Zhang Ying , Zeng Chunping , Zheng Siyuan , Zhou Lin , Liu Haiyan
Published: March 2022

Metformin and spironolactone alone can be used for the management of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and their combination could result in even better outcomes. To compare the effects and safety of low-dose spironolactone combined with metformin or either drug alone on insulin resistance (IR) and functional improvement in patients with PCOS, this was a single-center, randomized, open-label, pilot study of patients with PCOS at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between 01/2014 and 01/2016. The participants were randomized 1 : 1 : 1 to metformin, spironolactone, or metformin + spironolactone. The primary endpoint was the change in the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR after 12 weeks of treatment. A total of 189 participants were randomized (63 per group); 31 dropped out, and 54, 51, and 53 completed the 12-week treatment in the metformin, spironolactone, and combined groups, respectively. There were no differences in any parameters between the metformin and spironolactone groups (all P > 0.05). In the combined group, after 12 weeks of treatment, HOMA-IR (1.71 ± 0.91) was lower than in the metformin (1.92 ± 1.07, P < 0.05) and spironolactone (2.38 ± 1.14, P < 0.05) groups. In addition, total testosterone (TT), free androgen index (FAI), and area under the curve-insulin (AUCins) were lower in the combined group compared with the metformin group (all P < 0.05), while TT, FAI, HOMA-β, fasting plasma glucose, and AUCins were lower in the spironolactone group (all P < 0.05). Both metformin and spironolactone decreased HOMA-IR in patients with PCOS but without differences between the two monotherapies. The combined therapy decreased HOMA-IR to a greater extent than monotherapy.
Women and Land Rights in Western Shoa: In Case of Dano Woreda, 1941-1991
Authors: Wodajo Mengesha Robso
Published: March 2022

The aim of this article is to examine Ethiopian women land ownership rights, particularly, Western Shoa Oromo of Dano Districts in different regimes of Ethiopia, and women’s place in the society in reference to their indigenous Gada system. It is known that Ethiopian women were alienated from land holding and ownership rights under the feudal system, Derg regime, and EPDRF times of Ethiopia. Likewise, the paper also reduces the customary rights of Dano Oromo women in their plural and egalitarian Gada Democratic system, of Siqee culture and Qallu institutions of the Oromo people of Ethiopia; the role and places that Gada system kept and assured for women are so appreciable and could be taken as role model and best example for other communities of Ethiopia in particular and Africa at large. It is known that, for long periods, Ethiopia was led by feudal system of Monarchial and Kingship governance that promotes patriarchy rule and rights both at home and outside of it even on position places through depriving women’s all rounded rights supported with decree and proclamation, like Ethiopia’s pillar of economy is agriculture, which is associated with land, and every sources of income of the people is driven from it; so, this resource should be distributed fairly without any sexual, religion, and color biases. However, at different times and regimes, “land in Ethiopia” was seen as a sole property of men, which means that more than 85% rural settler Ethiopian agrarian women household and maids were dependent on either their husbands, families, or good wills of local chiefs. This was the most exploitative and harsh system that stood against to human and democratic rights. But post of 1991, encouraging works has been started to treat women and men equally on every issue at any place and time; even as a form of affirmative action, Ethiopian women are now encouraging to get all advantage-related activities before their men counterparts. The paper employed descriptive research method with qualitative data of purposive sampling techniques from the study area through consulting primary and secondary sources. Of course, since the topic is new or not previously studied and absence of previously studied documents on the issue, I was challenged by searching of written documents and key informants. The findings exhibit that, for long years, “women do not have a right to land,” but, in some extent, post of 1995, the government confirmed to assure all women to get access as to their men counter parts. But even if it is encouraging, still, more works should be done to empower them.
Research on Identification Model of Continuous Compaction Based on Energy Dissipation
Authors: Wu Longliang , Teng Jun , Ren Zhenyang , Jiang Huihuang , Gao Mingxian
Published: March 2022

A continuous compaction control energy model suitable for contact decoupling between the vibrating wheel and the filling body surface is established through analyzing the energy state of the filling body in the compaction detection stage and calculating nonlinear vibration energy dissipation rate based on the basic principle of continuous compaction control technology and the principle of energy conservation. The significance of the parameters contained in the energy model is analyzed, and the energy index-dissipation measured value (DMV) for evaluating the continuous compaction quality is put forward in combination with engineering practice. The feasibility of DMV is verified, and the applicability of DMV is discussed according to the field test results. The results show that the variation range of the DMV index is about 1.66–2.73 times of the Evd index, the DMV has good repeatability and sensitivity for both coarse-grained and fine-grained filler, and it is less affected by the interference caused by the small fluctuation of mechanical parameters, and has good stability for the local unevenness of filler in horizontal direction. The engineering application shows that the correlation coefficient between energy index DMV and Evd index reach more than 0.87, there is a good correlation between DMV and the conventional quality inspection index Evd, indicating that the energy model is applicable.
Abstract 114: Pomegranate Regressed Atheroma in Carotid and Coronary Arteries: Fiction or Fact?
Authors: Alamran Fadhil
Published: March 2022

Background:
Atherosclerosis is a disease of large and medium-sized muscular arteries and is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the buildup of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris within the intima of the vessel wall, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) can reduce the expression of nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme that produces nitric oxide. Nitric oxide reduces injury to the vessel walls, which also helps prevent the development of atherosclerosis Recently, they discovered that pomegranate juice enhances the bioactivity of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells. Furthermore, pomegranate’s antioxidant properties protect nitric oxide from oxidative destruction, thus augmenting its biological actions. Therefore the
objective
of present study was to assess the effect of pomegranateon atherosclerosis regression via interfering with inflammatory and oxidative pathways.

Methods:
60 local domestic rabbits were assigned to three groups: Group I (n = 30) fed normal diet,Group II (
n
= 30) Rabbit fed high cholesterol-diet (induced untreated group), Group III (
n
= 30) high cholesterol-diet for 12 weeks but adding oral pomegranate juice at 6 weeks .Blood samples were collected at (0 time ), after 6 and 12 weeks for measurement of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and serum high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), serum IL-6 and serum TNF-a. At the end of 12 weeks,both carotid and right coronary arteries was removed, part of it for histopathology to assess the atherosclerotic change according to AmericanHeart Association classification of atherosclerosis phases and for aortic intema-media thickness also part of it homogenized for malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH).

Results:
Compared with the control, levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, atherogenic index, hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-a and arterial MDA were increased and arterial GSH and serum HDL-C were decreased in the animals with a high-choleterole diet (
P
< 0.01). Histologically all induced-untreated rabbit showed significant atherosclerosis lesions in both arteries (
P
< 0.01) all occurred at 6 and 12 weeks. While in pomegranate treated group at 12 weeks, levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, atherogenic index, hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-a and arterial tissue of MDA were decreased and coronary and carotid GSH and serum HDL-C were increased relatively (
P
< 0.01).Low power microscopic morphologic analysis revealed that pomegranate treated group markedly regressed (
P
< 0.01) the atherosclerotic lesion in form of decrease intima-media thickness in histomorphometric measurements in the studied arteries at 12 weeks compared with rabbits on a high-fat diet at same period. In
conclusion
pomegranate juiceregressed atherosclerosis in carotid and coronary arteries in hypercholesterolemic rabbit via inhibition of inflammatory, oxidative pathways, reduced level of lipid parameters and decreased aortic intima-media thickness.
Abstract 120: Reversal of Nox 4-Induced Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restores Their Capacity to Augment Postischemic Neovascularization in db/db Mice
Authors: Yan Jinglian , Tie Guodong , Wang Shouying , Guo Sujuan , Messina Katharine , Messina Louis
Published: March 2022

Rationale:
We have recently shown that experimental type 2 diabetes (db/db mouse) restricts mesenchymal stem cell’ (MSCs) differentiation capacity through a hyperinsulinemia-dependent induction of Nox 4 expression that promotes adipocytic and inhibits endothelial cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. We also showed that transplantation of type 2 diabetic MSCs into wild type (WT) recipients reduced post-ischemic neovascularization significantly below that of WT recipients receiving WT MSCs.

Objective:
This study tested the hypothesis that pretreatment of db/db MSCs with siRNA Nox4 prior to their transplantation and infusion 24 hrs after the induction of hindlimb ischemia restores their differentiation capacity in vivo and rescues their impaired capacity to promote neovascularization in wild type mice.

Methods and Results:
To reverse oxidative stress in db/db MSCs, we knockdown NOX 4 expression by a siRNA under in vitro conditions. In vitro inhibition of Nox 4 expression of db/db MSCs significantly increased their differentiation capacity towards endothelial cells and reduced their propensity to differentiate into adipocytes. Db/db MSCs also showed significantly increased tubular formation ability after Nox 4 knockdown. We transplanted NOX 4 siRNA transduced db/db MSCs into WT recipients 24 hours after induction of hindlimb ischemia. Blood flow recovery was measured at different time points by laser Doppler scanning. Reversal of oxidative stress in db/db MSCs by pretreatment with Nox4 siRNA prior to transplantation reversed their impaired capacity to augment post-ischemic neovascularization as evidenced by blood flow recovery that increased to that of WT mice. In addition, knockdown of NOX 4 expression in db/db MSCs also increased collateral artery diameter and capillary density by 50%.

Conclusions:
Pretreatment of db/db MSCs with siRNA against Nox 4 significantly increased their differentiation capacity towards endothelial cells rather than adipocytes and also their capacity to augment neovascularization after induction of hindlimb ischemia. Reversal of MSC oxidant stress induced by type 2 diabetes might permit greater leverage of the therapeutic potential of MSC transplantation to treat cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract 142: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation and Inflammatory Response
Authors: Ganesan Murali , Clevenger Michelle , Desouza Cyrus , Saraswathi Viswanathan
Published: March 2022

Objective:
Adipose tissue (AT)-specific inflammation in obesity is associated with several metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. We and others have shown that fish oil containing the omega-3 fatty acids increases AT mass in animal models which is associated with reduced AT-inflammation, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidemia. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether the omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induce the differentiation process in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Methods:
3T3-L1 cells were pretreated and differentiated in the presence of different long chain fatty acids such as oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), EPA, DHA, or a mixture of EPA and DHA (E+D) at a concentration of 50 μM.

Results:
Oil red O staining revealed that the differentiation process was remarkably increased in cells treated with DHA and, to a lesser extent with SA, compared to control cells differentiated in the absence of fatty acids. Real time PCR analysis showed that the expression of aP2, a marker of preadipocyte differentiation, was increased significantly in cells treated with DHA (4.1-fold,
P
<0.001) or SA (2.8-fold, p<0.05), compared to undifferentiated control cells. DHA and E+D but not SA increased the expression of cEBP alpha, another marker of differentiation (8.0-fold and 6.2-fold in DHA and E+D, respectively,
P
<0.001). EPA and OA did not increase the expression of these differentiation markers. SA but not DHA-mediated increase in preadipocyte differentiation was associated with an increase in the expression of MCP-1, an inflammatory marker (1.9-fold,
P
<0.05). Analysis of MAPK pathways that modulate cell differentiation and inflammation showed that treatment with DHA but not other fatty acids, led to a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK compared to differentiated control cells.

Conclusions:
Our data demonstrate that EPA and DHA have differential effects with regard to the differentiation of preadipocytes. Our data also show that unlike SA, the differentiation induced by DHA is not associated with an activation of inflammatory pathways suggesting that this effect of DHA is beneficial in improving the lipid storage function of AT.
Abstract 144: Endothelium-Derived Nitroxyl-Mediated Relaxation Is Resistant to Superoxide Scavenging and Preserved in Diabetic Rat Aorta
Authors: Woodman Owen L , Leo Chen-Huei , Hart Joanne L
Published: March 2022

Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation is impaired in diabetes due to oxidative stress. Nitroxyl (HNO) also contributes to endothelium-dependent relaxation however its role in diabetes-induced oxidative stress is not known.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether acute exposure to oxidative stress or diabetes affects the contribution of HNO to endothelium-dependent relaxation in the rat aorta. Vascular responses to the endothelium-dependent relaxant, ACh, the HNO donor, Angeli’s salt and the NO donor, DEANONOate, were determined using standard organ bath techniques. Pharmacological tools (3 mM L-cysteine), a selective HNO scavenger and 100 μM hydroxocobalamin (HXC, a selective NO scavenger), were used to distinguish between NO and HNO-mediated relaxation. Exposure to the superoxide generator pyrogallol (100 μM) significantly reduced the sensitivity to DEANONOate (pEC
50
: control, 8.03±0.10 vs. pyrogallol, 7.48±0.09, n=6, p<0.01) but had no effect on responses to Angeli’s salt in the rat aorta (pEC
50
: control, 7.30±0.15 vs. pyrogallol, 7.31±0.08, n=5-6, p>0.05). In the presence of L-cysteine, pyrogallol caused a further inhibition to ACh-induced NO-mediated relaxation. In contrast, the addition of pyrogallol to HXC did not cause any further inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation (R
max
: HXC, 80±2% vs. pyrogallol+HXC, 67±7%, n=7, p>0.05), indicating that HNO-mediated relaxation was not affected by superoxide. Similarly, in the diabetic aorta, responses to ACh were not affected when the contribution of NO to relaxation was abolished by HXC (R
max
: normal, 55±7% vs. diabetic, 60±8%, n=8-9, p>0.05), indicating a preserved HNO-mediated relaxation. Conversely, when the contribution of HNO was inhibited with L-cysteine, the responses to ACh (pEC
50
: normal, 7.01±0.04 vs. diabetic, 6.72±0.1, n=7-9, p<0.05), were significantly decreased in diabetic compared to normal aorta, suggesting that the contribution of NO was impaired by diabetes. These findings demonstrate that NO-mediated relaxation is impaired in the presence of oxidative stress but the HNO component of relaxation is preserved under those conditions.
Abstract 152: Upregulation of the Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 in Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Transduces Nuclear Calcium Signaling and Alterations of Gene Expression
Authors: Eaton Alison , Nagy Edit , Pacault Mathilde , Fauconnier Jérémy , Bäck Magnus
Published: March 2022

Aim:
Leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory mediators that are locally produced in coronary atherosclerotic plaques. This study aimed to elucidate cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and the effects of inflammation on this process.

Hypothesis:
We tested the hypotheses that a) the CysLT
1
receptor is upregulated in vascular SMCs in the context of atherosclerosis, and that b) CysLT
1
receptor activation is coupled to nuclear calcium signaling, which c) leads to alterations in gene expression.

Methods & Results:
Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that CysLT
1
receptor expression co-localized with α-smooth muscle actin in human carotid endarterectomy samples, and that the CysLT
1
receptor exhibited a perinuclear expression in human coronary artery SMCs. Real time quantitative PCR demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly upregulated CysLT
1
receptor mRNA levels in a time-dependent fashion. Fluorescent calcium-signaling experiments showed that LPS significantly enhanced the changes in intracellular calcium induced by leukotriene C
4
(LTC
4
) in these cells. LTC
4
stimulation predominantly enhanced nuclear calcium increase, and this response was inhibited by the CysLT
1
receptor-antagonist MK-571. Microarray analysis revealed that after 24h stimulation of human coronary artery SMCs with LTC
4
, there was a 5-fold increase mRNA levels for Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI)-2, among a number of significantly upregulated genes. The LTC
4
-induced increase in PAI-2 expression was confirmed by real time quantitative PCR and ELISA, and was inhibited both by MK-571 and by calcium chelators.

Conclusions:
Pro-inflammatory stimulation of vascular SMCs upregulated CysLT
1
receptor expression with perinuclear localization. CysLT
1
receptor expression was coupled to nuclear calcium signaling and changes in gene expression, such as upregulation of PAI-2. Together, these findings suggest a role of nuclear CysLT
1
receptor signaling in vascular SMCs including gene expression patterns associated with atherosclerosis.