bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Screening and Mineral Composition of Anthyllis Barba Jovis L. Leaves
Authors: Chouhaira Bouzata , Wided Touil , Lamia Boutabia , Salima Bennadja
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Anthyllis barba jovis is an endemic Fabaceae of the Mediterranean basin. This species is very little studied, and therefore, deserves a greater interest. We undertook a phytochemical screening (search for saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, sterols, free quinones and anthocyanins) and an analytical study on the mineral composition of leaves.
Materials and Methods: The fresh plant was collected from Soug Rguibette station in El Kala National Park, Willaya of El Tarf (Eastern Algeria) in autumn 2020.
Nitrogen (N) was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Calcium and magnesium were determined by titrimetry, total phosphorus and iron by spectrophotometry while sodium and potassium were determined by flame spectrophotometry.
Results and discussion: Phytochemical screening revealed that the leaves are rich in flavonoids, saponins, and gallic tannins and moderately rich in terpenes and sterols, anthocyanins and free quinones.
The ash content in the leaves was 7.89% of fresh matter. The sodium was the dominant component with 610 mg/100g of dry matter, followed by potassium (252 mg/100g) and then calcium (107 mg/100g). The contents of magnesium (38.9 g/100g), phosphorus (14.64 mg/100g), nitrogen (12.0 mg/100 g) and iron (4.2 mg/100g), were very low.
Conclusion: This study has allowed us to know some important aspects of Anthyllis barba-jovis that will be used to develop the cultivation of this species to better exploit its medicinal qualities.
Iliopsoas Hematoma and Abscess Formation as a Complication of an Anterior Abdominal Penetrating Injury: a Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Alsadery Humood , Alzaher Mohamad , Osman Adel , Nabri Mamoun , Bukhamseen Abrar , Alblowi Abdulrahman , Aldossery Ibrahim
Published: September 2022

opment of psoas muscle abscess following such an injury is extremely rare. Moreover, literature surrounding psoas muscle hematoma formation as a consequence of penetrating abdominal injury is scarce. Objective: We report a case of psoas abscess formation following the development of psoas hematoma in a patient who suffered from a penetrating abdominal injury. Case presentation: A 40-year-old Indian male presented to the Emergency department with multiple abdominal cut and stab wounds as a result of physical assault. A computed tomography scan revealed injuries to the ascending colon along with hemoperitoneum and right psoas muscle hematoma. Exploratory laparotomy was performed in which a right hemicolectomy and a right psoas muscle evacuation were successfully achieved along with multiple drainage tubes placed. Six days later, a peritoneal fluid culture tested positive, and a computed tomography scan revealed right psoas muscle collection which was diagnosed as an abscess. Treatment of the abscess included antibiotics and ultrasound-guided drainage. Patient was eventually discharged but was lost to follow-up. Conclusion: The development of iliopsoas abscess and hematoma as a consequence of abdominal penetrating injuries is a rare occurrence. Diagnosis can be made by computed tomography imaging and examination of the drained fluid. Managing a case with both of these rare phenomena can be challenging due to the scarce literature highlighting and comparing the different management modalities.
Nghiên cứu độc tính bán cấp của gel nano Berberin trên cận lâm sàng và giải phẫu bệnh ở chuột cống trắng.
Authors: Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn , Lê Quốc Chiểu , Nguyễn Thuỳ Linh
Published: September 2022

Berberin được phân lập từ cây Coscinium fenestratum và một số cây trong họ Ranunculaceae có tác dụng chữa vết thương do bỏng. Nghiên cứu xác định độc tính bán cấp tính của gel nano Berberine do Bệnh viện Bỏng Quốc gia sản xuất qua đường uống ở chuột cống trắng; theo mô hình của OECD 423, 2008. Tiến hành trên 30 con chuột, chia thành 3 nhóm, nhóm thử liều 1 uống liều 3,5g/1kg/24h, nhóm thử liều 2 uống 10,5g/1kg/24h, nhóm chứng uống nước cất với liều 10,2ml/1kg/24h. Uống các liều liên tục trong 28 ngày. Đánh giá các biến đổi trên cận lâm sàng và giải phẫu bệnh của gan, lách và thận.Kết quả: Không có rối loạn bất thường về xét nghiệm sinh hóa và huyết học. Trên cấu trúc vi thể của gan, lách và thận không gặp hình ảnh tổn thương.Kết luận: Gel nano Berberin an toàn khi cho chuột cống uống trong 28 ngày với liều 3,5g/1kg/24h và 10,5g/1kg/24h.
Aantrekken en afstoten. Over consensualiteit en polarisering in het Nederlandse strafproces
Authors: Crijns J.H. (Jan) , van der Meij P.P.J. (Patrick)
Published: September 2022

Aantrekken en afstoten. Over consensualiteit en polarisering in het Nederlandse strafproces

We zijn aanbeland in een tijdsgewricht waarin we in de strafrechtspleging zowel tendensen richting verdergaande polarisering als ontwikkelingen richting meer consensualiteit zien. Dit roept de vraag op hoe beide ontwikkelingen kunnen worden verklaard, geduid en gewaardeerd. Ook roept dit de vraag op of dit twee ontwikkelingen zijn met elk hun eigen drijvende krachten die zich toevalligerwijs min of meer gelijktijdig voltrekken, of dat inderdaad sprake is van een onderling verband zoals hiervoor gesuggereerd. En misschien nog wel belangrijker: waar liggen de grenzen als het gaat om polarisering en consensualiteit? Beide ontwikkelingen raken het karakter van het strafproces immers in de kern, nu het strafproces weliswaar op contradictoriteit (of zo men wil: polariteit) is gestoeld maar tevens uitgaat van het ieder vanuit zijn eigen taak en rol, maar toch in gezamenlijkheid bereiken van de centrale doelstellingen van het strafproces, te weten waarheidsvinding en rechtsbescherming. De beschreven ontwikkelingen van polarisering en toenemende consensualiteit staan dan ook niet voor niets al enige tijd in het brandpunt van de belangstelling van de strafrechtspraktijk en de wetenschap. In dit nummer van Boom Strafblad worden zij vanuit verschillende perspectieven in onderling verband besproken en beschouwd, waarbij voornoemde overkoepelende vragen als rode draad dienen.
Niet elke grasduinende mol is een hacker
Authors: Berndsen M. (Michael) , Visser C.J.J. (Christian)
Published: September 2022

Niet elke grasduinende mol is een hacker. Waarom de Hoge Raad het begrip computervredebreuk te ver heeft opgerekt

In het arrest over de ‘politiemol’ heeft de Hoge Raad onlangs bevestigd dat het opzoeken van informatie in een systeem zonder dat daarvoor een professionele noodzaak bestaat computervredebreuk kan opleveren. Dit geldt ook als men rechtmatig toegang heeft tot dat systeem. In deze bijdrage wordt op grond van de delictsomschrijving en de wetsgeschiedenis betoogd dat de Hoge Raad een onjuiste – want te extensieve – interpretatie van het begrip computervredebreuk heeft gehanteerd.
Potentiële mediationinterventies uit de interpersoonlijke psychotherapie
Authors: Godschalx-Dekker Judith
Published: September 2022

Potential mediation interventions from interpersonal psychotherapy

Mediation is a process facilitated by legal and psychotherapeutic knowledge and skills. The psychotherapeutic skills of the mediator are interventions from different mediation approaches employed to improve communication between parties. Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an individual or group treatment to resolve conflict by improving interpersonal contacts through conflict-, communication- and decision analysis and role play. This contribution was written to explain IPT and to explore which interventions are potentially useful for the mediator.
Effectiveness of Using Personal Photograph as Media in Teaching Writing of Descriptive Text at SMK Sore Tulungagung
Authors: Meida Fase , Dwinata Erna
Published: September 2022

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of students' writing descriptive text taught using Personal Photograph at tenth-grade students of SMK “Sore”. In this research, the researcher used pre-experimental with a one- group pretest-posttest design. The instrument of this research was a test. The researcher gave a pre-test to the student, and then treatment about writing using Personal Photograph. After that, the researcher gives the student post-test. The population was all students of grade tenth SMK “Sore” Tulungagung with 800 students. The researcher used purposive sampling was taken X TITL 1 as the sample with total was 27 students. After getting enough data, the researcher calculated the data using the t-test. Based on the computation, the mean score of the pre-test is 5.70 and the mean of the post- test 8.41. The t-value is -9.782 consulted to the t-table at the -2.056 significance level to see whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected. It means that t-value is lower than t-table. So, it can be stated that the hypothesis is accepted. Based on the result analysis, the researcher then concludes that using Personal Photograph effectively improved the students’ writing descriptive text at the tenth-grade students of SMK “Sore” Tulungagung.
Border Treaties and Interstate Disputes in Africa: An Extension of the Normative Theory in Explaining the Malawi-Tanzania Conundrum
Authors: Zotto James
Published: September 2022

The colonial project for the partition of Africa in the second half of the 19th century, which culminated in the 20th century, led to the disgruntlements among African countries in the post-colonial period. One discontentment manifests itself in the interstate border disputes. This paper is a critique to colonial scholarship which maintains that African borders were defined by colonial treaties with great precision. While I acknowledge the colonial border treaties as the foundations of the modern African states, this paper argues that most of the treaties were imprecise, incomplete, ill-defined, used vague documentation, routinely ignored ethnic composition of the territories and did not reflect realities on the ground, and, consequently staked interstate conflicts and wars in post-colonial period. To advance this argument, this paper is situated in the normative theory to explain the Malawi-Tanzania border dispute in the Lake Nyasa area, which reflects an ill-fated legacy of colonial boundary making process. Data for this paper are mainly drawn from the archival sources accessed from the British National Archives in the United Kingdom, Federal Archives in Germany, SOAS; and another documentary information accessed from various libraries – public and private. Findings divulge that the Anglo-German Agreement of 1890 which situated the boundary between Malawi and Tanzania contained some anomalies entrenched in the contradictions within the treaty, limits and exercise of sovereignty of the two powers and geographical realities. The paper sums up that the two countries cannot use the treaty as one and the only justification for situating the boundary either on the eastern shore or in the middle of the lake. The treaty may, however, provide the basis for the two nation-states to renegotiate and compromise their shared boundary and rectify the errors noted.
Mataram City Student Perceptions in Recognizing and Using Smartphones
Authors: Rizaldi Dedi Riyan , Fatimah Ziadatul
Published: September 2022

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the perceptions of Mataram City students in recognizing and using smartphones to support their needs, especially those related to education. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with a population of all high school students or the equivalent scattered in the city of Mataram. The sample used is 50 students from five schools. Research data in the form of survey results obtained through the process of distributing question forms using the help of links on Google Drive. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively and supported by various relevant sources. Based on the research that has been done, it is found that the level of participation of Mataram City students in recognizing and using Smartphones is included in the high category with a percentage level of 100%. This indicates that Smartphones have become the most important part and are difficult to separate for students, especially in today's conditions
Ameliorative effect of Ruzu herbal bitters on high-fat diet induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Wistar rats
Authors: Ogunlana Olubanke O. , Adetuyi Babatunde O. , Adekunbi Tobi S. , Adegboye Bose E. , Iheagwam Franklyn N. , Ogunlana Oluseyi E.
Published: September 2022

Context: One of the world’s most widespread and frequent liver diseases is the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Aims: To evaluate the preventives activities of Ruzu herbal bitters (RHB), which is an anti-obesity therapeutic concoction used widely in Nigeria on high–fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD in albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total number of twenty-five rats were isolated and divided equally into five groups. Group 1, the normal control group was placed on normal rat diet and normal saline (1 mL/kg body weight daily) for twelve weeks. The remaining four groups 2-5 were placed on HFD for twelve weeks; adding to the following treatment schedules by oral gavage: group 2 received pioglitazone 4 mg/kg daily, group 3 received RHB 0.6 mL/kg daily, group 4 received normal saline 1 mL/kg daily and group 5 received fenofibrate 10 mg/kg daily (s.c). The animals were sacrificed and biochemical markers of liver function, lipid profile, glycemic index, and histopathological assessment of the liver of the rats were determined. Results: Rat treated with RHB and other treated groups significantly (p<0.05) reduced the liver index, fasting blood glucose, and activities and concentrations of liver function enzymes and molecules when compared to untreated NAFLD group. Scoring of hepatic steatosis also showed the ameliorative role of the treatment on NAFLD. Conclusions: This study reveals that RHB and other treatment options assessed could prevent HFD–induced NAFLD and could be explored as another therapeutic approach to fenofibrate and pioglitazone in NAFLD management.
Formulation and release of timolol maleate from ocusert based on gelatin-N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide polymer
Authors: Kanaan Mohammed Q. , Numan Nawfal A. , Shakya Ashok K. , Tawfiq Fatima A.
Published: September 2022

Context: Glaucoma is a disease of the eyes characterized by an increase in the intraocular pressure. Timolol maleate is commonly used as eye drops for chronic glaucoma treatment. Aims: To formulate an ocusert (novel ophthalmic drug delivery systems) in order to overcome disadvantages of eye drops such as patient’s noncompliance and drainage of the administered solution. Also, to improve treatment outcomes by keeping sustained release of constant amount of timolol maleate and to avoid repeated administration of conventional eye drops. Methods: Timolol maleate ocuserts were formulated using cross-linked gelatin polymer which was prepared using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinamide (NHS). Different ocusert formulas were prepared (M1-M17) by varying concentrations of EDC, different temperatures and time for the cross linking as per central composite design. Physicochemical characteristics of drug loaded ocuserts were investigated. Results: Selected formula (M8) exhibited an excellent in vitro drug release results which was extensively evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectral scan indicates no incompatibility exists between the drug and the polymer used. M8 formula was evaluated in vivo by assessing the eye irritancy, drug release and therapeutic effect when placed in the cul-de-sac of rabbit’s eyes and was compared with conventional eye drops therapy. Conclusions: There was a correlation between in vivo and in vitro release of timolol maleate which is associated with a decrease of glaucoma induced by dexamethasone eye drops in experimental rabbits. The data established the potential of ocusert to improve the therapeutic delivery of timolol maleate and offers a promising option in glaucoma treatment.
Vernacular names of plants between diversity and potential risks of confusion: Case of toxic plants used in medication in the central Middle Atlas, Morocco
Authors: Najem Mariame , Nassiri Laila , Ibijbijen Jamal
Published: September 2022

Context: Knowledge of medicinal plants is the first step in preserving traditional use and preventing intoxication. Aims: To highlight the risks of intoxication related to the similarities of vernacular names between medicinal plants and to confusion during harvesting. Methods: Indigenous knowledge on the traditional use of toxic plants for medicinal purposes was gathered through direct interviews with practitioners of herbal medicine and field surveys in the Central Middle Atlas. The vernacular names were collected from the respondents and through various bibliographical sources relating to the flora and the traditional Moroccan Pharmacopoeia. Results: Giving The results identified 83 toxic species, divided into 39 families and 75 genera. These plants have different vernacular names in Arabic or Berber dialects. 60 species out of the 83 plants inventoried have at least 3 vernacular names. The study also revealed that a vernacular name could correspond to several species of the same genus or even of different genera and families; only 27 species of the 83 inventoried have their own vernaculars that they do not share with any other species throughout the country. Because of this similarity of vernacular names, medicinal plants could be confused, which would be the cause of the ineffectiveness of related treatments or even others’ toxicity. The risk of intoxication is aggravated by confusion during the harvesting. Conclusions: The identification of plants based on affirmed taxonomic criteria and a charter regulating the collection and use of plants is imperative to avoid any risk of intoxication.
Khat-drug interactions: A systematic review
Authors: Albaser Nabil Ahmed , Mohamad Abdel-Wahab H. , AL-Kamarany Mohammed Amood
Published: September 2022

Context: Consumption of khat leaves has been disseminated worldwide with the migration of its users from Arabia and Africa. Despite numerous reports regarding the associations of khat chewing with serious health impacts, a significant number of people worldwide uses khat daily, especially in its origin countries. The risk of co-administration of khat and drugs (prescription and over the-counter medications) is high among these individuals, leading to increase probability of adverse khat-drug interactions. The likelihood of khat-drug interactions could be higher than drug-drug interactions because drugs usually contain single chemical entities while almost all herbs (including khat) contain mixtures of pharmacologically active constituents. Aims: To review the literatures on how khat interacts with some drugs and whether it is favorable or not. Methods: The study was conducted as a systematic review. The electronic literature searches were made in Google search engine to access publications from databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane using the keywords ‘khat’, ‘Catha edulis’ in combination with the terms ‘drug interaction’, ‘adverse-effects’, ‘side effects’, ‘adverse drug reaction’, ‘safety’, and ‘toxicity’ to identify relevant articles. Results: A total of 250 articles was identified, and these articles were checked in terms of title, abstract, and content according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 18 articles were included in the study. The khat use significantly interact with most drugs and may cause unpredictable pharmacological sequences. Conclusions: Healthcare providers suggest patients` khat abstinence during medication process. Future studies need to investigate the khat- clinical drugs interactions especially with chronic used drugs.
Bioequivalence of two novel formulations of ivermectin 1% combined with fluazuron 12.5% for subcutaneous administration in cattle
Authors: Robaina Diego M. , Alvariza Silvana , Suárez Gonzalo
Published: September 2022

Context: Ivermectin (IVM) and fluazuron are present as novel combinations to control ticks. Differences in formulations account for changes to the plasma kinetics and could change exposure of target parasites to active drugs. Aims: To evaluate bioequivalence for ivermectin administered by two novel formulations combined with fluazuron. Methods: Twelve male Holstein calves were randomized into two groups (n=6), receiving a single subcutaneous dose of a novel formulation (A or B) of ivermectin combined with fluazuron (ivermectin 1% 0.2 mg/kg + fluazuron 12.5% 2.5 mg/kg). Blood samples were taken until 34 days after dosing. Non-compartmental analysis was applied for bioequivalence assessment. Compartmental analysis was carried out and model acceptance was validated using the visual predictive check graphics. Results: Noncompartmental analysis shows that both formulations behaved similarly with Cmax ratio of 0.982 (CI90: 0.861 – 1.12, ANOVA test, p=0.814) and AUC0-t ratio of 1.01 (CI90: 0.97 – 1.05, ANOVA, p=0.586) but at different Tmax (1.4 ± 0.5 and 2.9 ± 1.2 days (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.027) for A and B, respectively). The pharmacokinetic model has two compartments, linear elimination with first order absorption and formulation as covariable for the absorption rate. Conclusions: We conclude that the two novel formulations combined of IVM 1% with fluazuron 12.5%, are bioequivalent for administration of IVM in cattle. This shows that carrying out bioequivalence studies are of great importance for understanding the potential interchangeability between formulations available in the pharmaceutical market.
Apoptosis via cytochrome c in aortic tissue of diabetes mellitus after giving sikkam leaves (Bischofia javanica Blume)
Authors: Ilyas Syafruddin , Hutahaean Salomo , Sinaga Rahmat SH. , Situmorang Putri C.
Published: September 2022

Context: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic hyperglycemia disease caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion and the highest increase in diabetes sufferers that occurred in Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia. The sikkam leaf (Bischofia javanica) ethanolic extract contains many secondary metabolites, and some of them are quercetin and gallic acid, which have the potential to be used as antidiabetic. Aims: To analyze apoptosis via cytochrome c in aortic tissue of DM after giving B. javanica leaves. Methods: The treatment group consisted of G0: Negative control, G1: Positive control (alloxan induction + standard feed), G2: Alloxan induction + 300 mg/kg BW of B. javanica leaves ethanol extract, G3: Alloxan induction + 600 mg/kg BW of B. javanica leaves ethanol extract, G4: Induction of alloxan + ethanol extract of B. javanica leaves 900 mg/kg BW and G5: Induction of alloxan + glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg BW. Fourteen days later, the rats were dissected, and the aortic tissue was analyzed for apoptosis by tunnel assay and cytochrome c by immunohistochemistry. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) in the apoptotic value and cytochrome c. Increasing the dose of B. javanica leaves, the cytochrome c expression, and apoptotic value decreases in the aorta of DM rats. The cell shape returned to normal after being given B. javanica ethanol extract 900 mg/kg BW than glibenclamide. Conclusions: Bischofia javanica ethanolic extract reduced apoptosis via cytochrome c in aortic histology, and this plant can be developed into a diabetic drug candidate.
The chemical composition of the ethanolic extract from Chromolaena odorata leaves correlates with the cytotoxicity exhibited against colorectal and breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Yusuf Hanifah , Husna Fauzul , Gani Basri A.
Published: September 2022

Context: Colorectal and breast cancer are of particular cellular preventive concern. WIDR cells are an indicator of colorectal cancer development, while HTB and 4T1 cells are involved in breast cancer. The Chromolaena odorata was reported to interfere with the growth of the three cancer cells. Aims: To evaluate the bioactivity of C. odorata against the cytotoxicity of colorectal and breast cancer cells. Methods: Ethanol extract of C. odorata leaves was examined to find chemical compounds by GC-MS, quality of antioxidants by DPPH assay, and antioxidants quantity by flavonoids and phenolic assay, whereas ionic values were evaluated by the multi-tester meter also cytotoxicity on the WiDr, HTB, and 4T1 cancer cells by MTT assay. Results: C. odorata contained six antioxidant compounds with quality above 80%. Alpha-amyrin has the most retention time of 38.112 min. The C.odorata had an antioxidant rate (IC50) higher than vitamin C. Total flavonoids (72%) higher than total phenolic (28%), and both have a significant impact on the WiDr, HTB, and 4T1 cancer cells (p<0.05). The value of ionic dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and total dissolved solids was 33%, respectively (p>0.05).The C. odorata had a higher cytotoxicity effect on the 4TI and HTB cells in breast cancer than WiDr cancer cells in colorectal cancer. Conclusions: The C. odorata has significant antioxidant quality and quantity with a stable ionic value also has a cytotoxic effect on the WIDR, HTB, and 4T1 cancer cells.
The α-mangostin effect on the quantity of TGF-β1 titer relate to the mandibular bone volume of Rattus novergicus in the periodontitis model
Authors: Lestari Citra , Darwin Eryati , Putra Deddi Prima , Suharti Netti
Published: September 2022

Context: Periodontitis causes pocket formation, gingival recession, and destruction of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. Periodontitis disturbs the attachment of periodontal ligaments to the maxillary and mandibular bones. The α-mangostin has shown role-playing in the bone remodeling process. Aims: To evaluate the potential of α-mangostin induce the TGFβ1 titer associated with the increased mandibular bone volume on the alveolar bone remodeling of periodontitis of Rattus novergicus. Methods: The α-mangostin used to the single administration dosage on the rat periodontitis model on the 7 and 14 days. TGF-β1 titer tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the X-Ray Micro-CT/Micro Computed Tomography examined the volume’s development of the mandibular bone. Results: At the 7 days, 0.5 and 1% of α-mangostin had a better effect to increase the bone volume, and TGF-β1 titer has linearity of bone development at concentrations of 0.5 to 2%. At 14 days, 1 and 2% of α-mangostin exhibited a better effect on inducing an increase in mandibular bone volume and TGF-β1 titer. The linearity of both occurs at concentrations of 0.5 to 1%. The Micro-CT of the mandibular bone showed callus or new bone formation at the edge of each treatment group’s lesion as an indicator of bone remodeling. Conclusions: α-Mangostin induced an increase in the TGF-β1 titer, which was in line with the rise in the volume of the mandibular bone of Rattus novergicus.
Molecular docking study of sea urchin (Arbacia lixula) peptides as multi-target inhibitor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated proteins
Authors: Widyananda Muhammad Hermawan , Pratama Setyaki Kevin , Samoedra Rizky Senna , Sari Fikriya Novita , Kharisma Viol Dhea , Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad , Antonius Yulanda
Published: September 2022

Context: Lung cancer is a type of cancer that causes the most deaths worldwide. The most common type of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sea urchin (Arbacia lixula) has high potential as an anti-NSCLC agent. Aims: To analyze the anticancer activity of peptides from A. lixula coelomic fluid in inhibiting the activity of NSCLC-related proteins. Methods: Peptide modeling was performed using the PEP-FOLD3 web server. Proteins that have a crucial role in NSCLC progression were determined using KEGG pathway database. 3D protein structures such as EGFR, PI3K, BRAF V600E, and JAK3 were taken from the RCSB PDB database. Docking was performed using Autodock Vina software. Docking results analysis was carried out using Discovery Studio 2019 software. Results: Some peptides bind to the active sites with low binding affinity. Peptide 10 binds to the active site of the EGFR with a binding affinity of -9 kcal/mol. Peptide 5 binds to the active sites of PI3K and BRAF V600E with binding affinity of -8.2 and -8.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Peptide 11 binds to the active site of JAK3 with a binding affinity of -8.1 kcal/mol. All of these peptides have lower binding affinity than ATP as the native ligand. Besides, these peptides also produce more hydrogen bonds than ATP, so they are predicted to be more stable. Conclusions: Peptides 10, 5, and 11 have high potential as anti-NSCLC agents because they can inhibit the activity of proteins that play an essential role in the growth of NSCLC, namely EGFR, PI3K, BRAF V600E, and JAK3 through the competitive ATP inhibitor mechanism.
Antioxidant activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition and acute oral toxicity of Dillenia philippinensis Rolfe (Dilleniaceae) leaf extract
Authors: Ansari Sarah S. , Diño Patricia H. , Castillo Agnes L. , Santiago Librado A.
Published: September 2022

Context: Hyperuricemia is a metabolic syndrome characterized by a high serum uric acid level with an increased risk of gout, diabetes, cardiovascular and renal disease. Allopurinol is a widely known xanthine oxidase inhibitor that lowers serum uric acid production. Documented adverse effects of the drug raise the need for a natural alternative for xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is safe and effective. This research is driven to address the need by capitalizing on previous studies made on the Dillenia species showing nephroprotective and antihyperuricemic activity. Aims: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and acute toxicity of Dillenia philippinensis; a plant locally known as Katmon and endemic to the Philippines. Methods: The D. philippinensis ethanolic leaf extract (DPELE) was partitioned using solvents of different polarities, hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The antioxidant activity of the DPELE and the sub-extracts was assessed using nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays against ascorbic acid, while the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was examined against allopurinol as a standard. The acute toxicity was performed using Sprague-Dawley rats following OECD 425 guidelines. Results: The D. philippinensis ethyl acetate fraction (DPEAF) had the highest scavenging activity of nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl (IC50 = 210.00, 70.92 and 59.88 µg/mL) free radicals, respectively. Also, the xanthine oxidase dose-dependent inhibitory activity was observed to be highest in the DPEAF with an IC50 = 23.09 µg/mL. Lastly, neither toxicity nor mortalities were observed in rats treated with the DPELE and the DPEAF for 14 days. The approximate lethal dose for DPELE and DPEAF was higher than 2000 mg/kg BW. Conclusions: This study shows that the DPELE and DPEAF are potential sources of natural antioxidants and xanthine oxidase inhibitors, which may be used in the treatment of hyperuricemia and are presumed safe to be used orally.
Optimalisasi Pendayagunaan Zakat Melalui Program Beasiswa Prestasi Tahun 2017-2020: Studi Kasus Pada Dompet Dhuafa Waspada Sumatera Utara.
Authors: Suri Atika , Nasution Annio Indah Lestari , Yanti Nursantri
Published: September 2022

This study was conducted to determine whether the utilization of zakat carried out by Dompet Dhuafa Waspada (DDW) in collaboration with UPZ Bank SUMUT through0the achievement scholarship program has been running optimally or not. This study use a descriptive approach0with the type of research is qualitative, so the data analysis used is0descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the achievement scholarship program run by DDW in collaboration with UPZ Bank SUMUT has been running optimally. It is evident from the amount of funds obtained since 2017-2020 which has increased, as well as all the efforts they have made to make this program better and more effective. Then this achievement scholarship program has also resulted in significant changes to the lives of the scholarship beneficiaries, starting from the assistance in education costs, increasing skills and knowledge about entrepreneurship. However, there is still a need for further improvements in the implementation of this program so that this program continues to improve and be more optimal.

Keywords: Utilization of zakat, Achievement Scholarship, optimization
Fault Analysis of Ship Machinery Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Kaya İnceişçi Funda , AK Ayça
Published: September 2022

Maintenance and repair of ship systems and prediction of fault probability have become an important issue for dynamic ship systems recently. Increasing the usability of systems by detecting the fault analysis is one of the current work areas. In recent years, the rapid development of information technologies and the machine learning approaches developing accordingly have made it possible to integrate machine learning techniques into ship systems. The use of machine learning in the studies has enabled this method to be tested in the areas of maintenance, repair, and fault analysis. To be able to predict the fault that may occur in the ship machinery systems and prevent the fault accordingly, can increase the lifespan of ship machinery's. In this study, the data obtained from an LM-2500 type ship engine were analyzed by regression and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) algorithms to predict the fault of ship machinery. The results were compared for linear regression, decision tree regression, k nearest neighbours’ regression, random forest regression, bayesian ridge regression, extra tree regression, linear SVR regression and ANN algorithms. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the ANN method gave better results in machine fault prediction compared to the regression methods.
Predictive Power of An Ensemble Model for Cryptocurrency Forecasting
Authors: Tripathi Manas , Tripathi Bhavya
Published: September 2022

Cryptocurrencies have received much attention amongst investors and policymakers due to the innovative features and simplicity. However, prices of the cryptocurrencies are nonlinear and volatile, which creates challenges for the investors to forecast the cryptocurrency prices. The present study takes the price data of two important cryptocurrencies, i.e., Bitcoin and Ripple, for 2013 to 2020. The study presents the forecasting accuracy of statistical models such as random walk (RW) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and machine learning models such as artificial neural network (ANN) and ensemble model. The study develops the ensemble of RW, ARIMA, and ANN. The study compares the predictive power of all the models and demonstrates that the forecasting accuracy of the ensemble model is better than all the component models, i.e., RW, ARIMA, and ANN. The results of the study have several implications for investors, traders, and policymakers.
Die Einzigkeit Gottes im Proslogion des Anselm von Canterbury
Authors: Tapp Christian
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Existence and uniqueness are standard questions in cases where definite descriptions are used. In his Proslogion Anselm of Canterbury uses definite and non-definite descriptions of God: He is “id/aliquid quo maius cogitari non potest” (and similar). While Anselm’s proof for the existence of God is widely discussed, including its relations to those famous descriptions, this is not the case for the question of uniqueness. Is there at most one perfect being or might there be more than one? ‘Of course there can at most be one’, one might want to answer – but what reasons for this claim can be found in the Proslogion? In this celebrated work of philosophical theology, Anselm does not prove uniqueness explicitly. But one may try a proof “in the spirit of the Proslogion”.
Leben und Sterben des Sokrates im Spiegel Friedrich Nietzsches
Authors: Müller Jörn
Published: September 2022

Abstract. This article tries to unearth and evaluate the hermeneutic potential of Nietzsche’s understanding of Socrates, which is highly ambivalent. While Socrates is sometimes depicted as an optimistic rationalist, Nietzsche finally portrays him as a kind of universal pessimist who ultimately denounces life, especially in his last words on his deathbed. This nihilistic interpretation is subsequently criticized in this article (with special emphasis on a closer look at the evidence in Plato’s Phaidon and Symposion) and superseded by a picture which is still indebted to some of Nietzsche’s basic categories: Socrates appears as a carefully balanced mixture of Apollonian and Dionysian elements, thereby reflecting Plato’s major achievement in combining philosophy and poetry in his Socratic dialogues.
Die Vertiefung der Seele. Überlegungen zu einer These in Nietzsches Zur Genealogie der Moral
Authors: Kiesel Dagmar
Published: September 2022

Abstract. In On the Genealogy of Morals, Nietzsche asserts, first, that the transvaluation of values of an original master morality by the slave morality is accompanied by an increasing deepening and differentiation of the human soul and, secondly, that this has led to mental instability and poor self-esteem by maximizing the sense of guilt and bad conscience. This paper argues on the basis of an analysis of the Homeric epics as a paradigm of a master morality, the teaching of church father Augustine of Hippo, and the Platonic psychology and ethics as an intermediate position for the accuracy of the first thesis and critically reflects the pros and cons of the second thesis.
Self-Making and Subpeople
Authors: Kovacs David Mark ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: September 2022

On many currently popular ontologies of material objects, we share our place with numerous shorter-lived things ("subpeople," to borrow a term from Eric Olson) that came into existence after we did or will go out of existence before we will. Subpeople are intrinsically indistinguishable from possible people, and as several authors (Eric Olson, Mark Johnston, A. P. Taylor) pointed out, this raises grave ethical concerns: it threatens to make any sacrifice for long-term goals impermissible, as well as to undermine our standard practices of punishment, reward, grief, and utility calculation. The aim in this paper is to offer a unified set of solutions to these problems. The paper’s starting point is the "self-making view," according to which our de se beliefs help determine our own spatiotemporal boundaries. This paper argues that the self-making view also plays a key role in the best treatment of the moral problems of subpeople.
Crossed Wires: Blaming Artifacts for Bad Outcomes
Authors: Sytsma Justin ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: September 2022

Philosophers and psychologists often assume that responsibility and blame only apply to certain agents. But do our ordinary concepts of responsibility and blame reflect these assumptions? I investigate one recent debate where these assumptions have been applied—the back-and-forth over how to explain the impact of norms on ordinary causal attributions. I investigate one prominent case where it has been found that norms matter for causal attributions, but where it is claimed that responsibility and blame do not apply because the case involves artifacts. Across six studies (total N=1,492) more carefully investigating Hitchcock and Knobe’s (2009) Machine Case, I find that the same norm effect found for causal attributions is found for responsibility and blame attributions, with participants tending to ascribe both to a norm-violating artifact. Further, the evidence suggests that participants do so because they are using these terms in a broadly normative, but not distinctively moral, way.
Aesthetics, Alienation, and Idealism
Authors: Adibfar Leili ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2022

Critical investigations of Ali Shariati (1933–1977) reveal a body of work formed upon a contradictory synthesis of Islamic and modern Western thought. This combination reflects the historical milieu to which Shariati belonged, interpretation of which requires mapping his work onto iterations of global thought that respond to the conditions of modernity. The present inquiry examines Shariati’s understanding of art as an idealistic effort to appease human alienation vis-à-vis the question of human existence, which, I argue, elucidates his interpretations of Islamic and Western terrains of modern thought.
Addiction, Identity, and Disempowerment
Authors: Batho David ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2022

Supposing that addicts choose to act as they do, rather than being compelled to behave in particular ways, what explains the choices that they make? Hannah Pickard has recently pointed out that we can go a long way to answering this question if we can make sense of why addicts value the ends they pursue. She argues that addiction is a social identity that gives purpose and structure to life and that the choices that addicts make are valuable to them as ways of sustaining this social identity. But if addicts freely make choices towards ends that they perceive as valuable in terms of a social identity to which they contribute, and therefore if addiction involves the deployment of quite considerable agential apparatus, how are we to hold on to the natural assumption that addictions are disempowering? In this paper I present an answer to this question. Drawing on the resources of the phenomenological tradition, I argue that some social identities give purpose and structure to life in a way that inhibits, rather than enables, the exercise of a capacity that is central to our form of life. I elaborate the hypothesis that paradigmatic cases of addiction involve this sort of disempowering social identity.
Strengthening Nordic cooperation on remote work and multilocality
Authors:   Nordregio, Ormstrup Vestergård Louise
Published: September 2022

The experiences of remote work during the pandemic have been fairly similar in the five Nordic countries. Similar trends are also evident, though to differing degrees, with respect to the effects on different places throughout the region. The most notable differences between the countries relate to the regional policy responses, and it is perhaps here that the greatest potential for Nordic added value emerges. Given this, our recommendations focus on ways in which to strengthen Nordic cooperation and cross-Nordic learning on issues related to the regional development and planning implications of remote work going forward.
Local and regional experiences of remote work and multilocality
Authors:   Nordregio, Randall Linda , Jensen Thomas , Vasilevskaya Anna
Published: September 2022

This report aims to provide a deeper understanding of how the spatial trends associated with increased remote work are affecting Nordic municipalities and regions. It explores the usefulness and reliability of available statistical data for understanding the effects of increased remote work at the regional and local level. Further, it draws directly on the experiences of regional and local stakeholders to understand the effects, challenges and opportunities, and planning responses associated with increased remote work.
The Exquisite Machine
Authors: Harding Sian E.
Published: September 2022

How science is opening up the mysteries of the heart, revealing the poetry in motion within the machine.

Your heart is a miracle in motion, a marvel of construction unsurpassed by any human-made creation. It beats 100,000 times every day—if you were to live to 100, that would be more than 3 billion beats across your lifespan. Despite decades of effort in labs all over the world, we have not yet been able to replicate the heart's perfect engineering. But, as Sian Harding shows us in The Exquisite Machine, new scientific developments are opening up the mysteries of the heart. And this explosion of new science—ultrafast imaging, gene editing, stem cells, artificial intelligence, and advanced sub-light microscopy—has crucial, real-world consequences for health and well-being.

Harding—a world leader in cardiac research—explores the relation between the emotions and heart function, reporting that the heart not only responds to our emotions, but it also creates them. The condition known as Broken Heart Syndrome, for example, is a real disorder that can follow bereavement or stress. The Exquisite Machine describes the evolutionary forces that have shaped the heart's response to damage, the astonishing rejuvenating power of stem cells, how we can avoid heart disease, and why it can be so hard to repair a damaged heart. It tells the stories of patients who have had the devastating experiences of a heart attack, chaotic heart rhythms, or stress-induced acute heart failure. And it describes how cutting-edge technologies are enabling experiments and clinical trials that will lead us to new solutions to the worldwide scourge of heart disease.
Empirical single-cell tracking and cell-fate simulation reveal dual roles of p53 in tumor suppression
Authors: Rancourt Ann , Sato Sachiko , Satoh Masahiko S
Published: September 2022

The tumor suppressor p53 regulates various stress responses via increasing its cellular levels. The lowest p53 levels occur in unstressed cells; however, the functions of these low levels remain unclear. To investigate the functions, we used empirical single-cell tracking of p53-expressing (Control) cells and cells in which p53 expression was silenced by RNA interference (p53 RNAi). Here, we show that p53 RNAi cells underwent more frequent cell death and cell fusion, which further induced multipolar cell division to generate aneuploid progeny. Those results suggest that the low levels of p53 in unstressed cells indeed have a role in suppressing the induction of cell death and the formation of aneuploid cells. We further investigated the impact of p53 silencing by developing an algorithm to simulate the fates of individual cells. Simulation of the fate of aneuploid cells revealed that these cells could propagate to create an aneuploid cell population. In addition, the simulation also revealed that more frequent induction of cell death in p53 RNAi cells under unstressed conditions conferred a disadvantage in terms of population expansion compared with Control cells, resulting in faster expansion of Control cells compared with p53 RNAi cells, leading to Control cells predominating in mixed cell populations. In contrast, the expansion of Control cells, but not p53 RNAi cells, was suppressed when the damage response was induced, allowing p53 RNAi cells to expand their population compared with the Control cells. These results suggest that, although p53 could suppress the formation of aneuploid cells, which could have a role in tumorigenesis, it could also allow the expansion of cells lacking p53 expression when the damage response is induced. p53 may thus play a role in both the suppression and the promotion of malignant cell formation during tumorigenesis.