bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distributed Complementary Control Research of Wind Turbines in Two Offshore Wind Farms
Authors: Wang Bing , Tian Min , Lin Tingjun , Hu Yinlong
Published: February 2018

In order to stabilize the fluctuation of wind power and maintain a stable power output, a complementary control idea is proposed. This idea aims to make the output power from two wind farms complement each other. This study proposes a distributed control strategy to solve the complementary control problem of wind turbines in two offshore wind farms on the basis of the Hamiltonian energy theory. The proposed control strategy not only ensures synchronization for wind turbines in the same farm but also keeps the combined output power of the two wind farms stable. First, through the Hamiltonian realization, the single-machine model of a wind turbine is transformed into a port-controlled Hamiltonian system with dissipation (PCHD). Subsequently, the Hamiltonian energy control law is developed on the basis of the energy-shaping method to adjust the Hamiltonian energy function. The complementary control of the two wind farms is designed to synchronize the wind turbines within an individual wind farm and keep the combined output of the two wind farms stable. Furthermore, the complementary control strategy is modified to address the communication delay between the two wind farms by incorporating time delay into the control problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the distributed complementary control has been verified via simulations.
Social Group Optimization Supported Segmentation and Evaluation of Skin Melanoma Images
Authors: Dey Nilanjan , Rajinikanth Venkatesan , Ashour Amira , Tavares João Manuel
Published: February 2018

The segmentation of medical images by computational methods has been claimed by the medical community, which has promoted the development of several algorithms regarding different tissues, organs and imaging modalities. Nowadays, skin melanoma is one of the most common serious malignancies in the human community. Consequently, automated and robust approaches have become an emerging need for accurate and fast clinical detection and diagnosis of skin cancer. Digital dermatoscopy is a clinically accepted device to register and to investigate suspicious regions in the skin. During the skin melanoma examination, mining the suspicious regions from dermoscopy images is generally demanded in order to make a clear diagnosis about skin diseases, mainly based on features of the region under analysis like border symmetry and regularity. Predominantly, the successful estimation of the skin cancer depends on the used computational techniques of image segmentation and analysis. In the current work, a social group optimization (SGO) supported automated tool was developed to examine skin melanoma in dermoscopy images. The proposed tool has two main steps, mainly the image pre-processing step using the Otsu/Kapur based thresholding technique and the image post-processing step using the level set/active contour based segmentation technique. The experimental work was conducted using three well-known dermoscopy image datasets. Similarity metrics were used to evaluate the clinical significance of the proposed tool such as Jaccard’s coefficient, Dice’s coefficient, false positive/negative rate, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The experimental findings suggest that the proposed tool achieved superior performance relatively to the ground truth images provided by a skin cancer physician. Generally, the proposed SGO based Kapur’s thresholding technique combined with the level set based segmentation technique is very effective for identifying melanoma dermoscopy digital images with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
The Alphavirus Exit Pathway: What We Know and What We Wish We Knew
Authors: Brown Rebecca , Wan Judy , Kielian Margaret
Published: February 2018

Alphaviruses are enveloped positive sense RNA viruses and include serious human pathogens, such as the encephalitic alphaviruses and Chikungunya virus. Alphaviruses are transmitted to humans primarily by mosquito vectors and include species that are classified as emerging pathogens. Alphaviruses assemble highly organized, spherical particles that bud from the plasma membrane. In this review, we discuss what is known about the alphavirus exit pathway during a cellular infection. We describe the viral protein interactions that are critical for virus assembly/budding and the host factors that are involved, and we highlight the recent discovery of cell-to-cell transmission of alphavirus particles via intercellular extensions. Lastly, we discuss outstanding questions in the alphavirus exit pathway that may provide important avenues for future research.
The effect of atmospheric doping on pressure-dependent Raman scattering in supported graphene
Authors: Kolesov Egor A , Tivanov Mikhail S , Korolik Olga V , Kapitanova Olesya O , Fu Xiao , Cho Hak Dong , Kang Tae Won , Panin Gennady N
Published: February 2018

Atmospheric doping of supported graphene was investigated by Raman scattering under different pressures. Various Raman spectra parameters were found to depend on the pressure and the substrate material. The results are interpreted in terms of atmospheric adsorption leading to a change in graphene charge carrier density and the effect of the substrate on the electronic and phonon properties of graphene. It was found that adsorption of molecules from the atmosphere onto graphene doped with nitrogen (electron doping) compensates for the electron charge. Furthermore, the atmosphere-induced doping drastically decreases the spatial heterogeneity of charge carriers in graphene doped with nitrogen, while the opposite effect was observed for undoped samples. The results of this study should be taken into account for the development of sensors and nanoelectronic devices based on graphene.
Supplier selection in Telecom supply chain management: a Fuzzy-Rasch based COPRAS-G method
Authors: CHATTERJEE Kajal , KAR Samarjit
Published: February 2018

In the past decade, global competition are forcing firms to increase their level of outsourcing for raw or semi-finished products and building long term relationship with their supply chain partners. The objective is to present a wide-ranging decision making technique for ranking supplier alternatives in view of the effect of selected criteria. A proposed method is developed aiming the usage of Fuzzy-Rasch model applying five point Likert scale for criteria weight and Grey based COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS-G) method for evaluating and ranking the potential alternatives, as per criteria. The applicability of the induced methodology for supplier selection problem in all environments is shown through a case study in telecommunication sector. A sensitivity analysis is performed based on changing weight patterns of criteria to show the stability in ranking result of the proposed approach. Further, a comparative analysis between the ranking results of proposed method done with existing grey multi-attribute decision-making methods viz. VIKOR-G, ARAS-G and TOPSIS-G using spearman’s correlation coefficient for checking the reliability of the ranking result.
A New Numerical Scheme for Cosmic-Ray Transport
Authors: Jiang 姜燕 Yan-Fei 飞 , Oh S. Peng
Published: February 2018

Numerical solutions of the cosmic-ray (CR) magnetohydrodynamic equations are dogged by a powerful numerical instability, which arises from the constraint that CRs can only stream down their gradient. The standard cure is to regularize by adding artificial diffusion. Besides introducing ad hoc smoothing, this has a significant negative impact on either computational cost or complexity and parallel scalings. We describe a new numerical algorithm for CR transport, with close parallels to two-moment methods for radiative transfer under the reduced speed of light approximation. It stably and robustly handles CR streaming without any artificial diffusion. It allows for both isotropic and field-aligned CR streaming and diffusion, with arbitrary streaming and diffusion coefficients. CR transport is handled explicitly, while source terms are handled implicitly. The overall time step scales linearly with resolution (even when computing CR diffusion) and has a perfect parallel scaling. It is given by the standard Courant condition with respect to a constant maximum velocity over the entire simulation domain. The computational cost is comparable to that of solving the ideal MHD equation. We demonstrate the accuracy and stability of this new scheme with a wide variety of tests, including anisotropic streaming and diffusion tests, CR-modified shocks, CR-driven blast waves, and CR transport in multiphase media. The new algorithm opens doors to much more ambitious and hitherto intractable calculations of CR physics in galaxies and galaxy clusters. It can also be applied to other physical processes with similar mathematical structure, such as saturated, anisotropic heat conduction.
New genus and species of sisyrids (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Late Cretaceous Myanmar amber
Authors: Yang Qiang , Shi Chaofan , Ren Dong , Wang Yongjie , Pang Hong
Published: February 2018

A new genus and species of Sisyridae, Stictosisyrapennyi gen. et sp. n., is described from the Late Cretaceous (earliest Cenomanian/late Albian) Myanmar amber. It can be easily distinguished from other sisyrids genera by the configuration of wing venation such as forewing with four ra-rp crossveins, M forked distal to the separation of RP1, CuA pectinate and CuP simple; hind wing 1r-m long and sinuous. Besides, the newly documented spongillaflies bore distinct, irregularly distributed spots on the forewings.
L’organisation de l’écriture scénaristique au sein de la Triangle
Authors: Gignac Mélissa
Published: February 2018

Cet article se propose de revenir sur les pratiques scénaristiques qui s'imposent dans les années 1910 au sein de l'industrie cinématographique américaine, à travers l'étude des archives de la Triangle Film Corporation, conservées à la Cinémathèque française.Les stratégies de la firme sont tout d'abord étudiées pour comprendre les différentes méthodes d'acquisition d'une matière première littéraire (accords passés avec des magazines, achats auprès des auteurs, freelance, concours). La sélection puis la transformation de cette matière première en documents de tournage prêts à l'emploi, implique la création de départements spécifiques au sein de l'industrie cinématographique (scenario department, reading department), ainsi que de métiers (scenario editor, reader, business manager, scenarist, picturizer, etc.) qui se définissent proportionnellement à l'allongement du métrage et à la plus grande attention portée à la conception des films en amont de la production.
À la recherche de Sauve la vie (qui peut) de Jean-Luc Godard
Authors: Witt Michael
Published: February 2018

Cet article révèle l'existence d'un film expérimental « oublié » de Jean-Luc Godard, projeté une seule fois, élaboré et montré dans le cadre d'une série de conférences sur l'histoire du cinéma données à Rotterdam en 1980-1981. Il s'agit d'une « édition spéciale » de Sauve qui peut (la vie) qu'on peut ré-intituler Sauve la vie (qui peut) et qui en éclaire les thèmes en passant par des extraits d'autres films d'Eisenstein, Keaton, Visconti et Wajda avec lesquels il est monté. En outre, au moment de la sortie de son film après Cannes, Godard conçut une version « spéciale » de Sauve qui peut (la vie) pour une émission de la Télévision suisse romande. Ces deux « variantes » témoignent du rôle que jouent et le montage de bobine en salle et la video et ses possibilités d'assemblage pour Godard à cette époque en même temps qu'elles éclairent les prémices de ses Histoire(s) du cinéma.
Deux scénarios inédits de Fernand Léger
Authors: Albera François
Published: February 2018

Deux scénarios de films sont restés à l'état de manuscrits dans les archives de Fernand Léger conservées au Musée Léger de Biot, l'un consacré à Charlot qui est régulièrement évoqué dans les études sur Léger sans qu'on en ait donné l'intégralité jusqu'ici, l'autre demeuré tout à fait inédit et méconnu, consacré à Louise Michel, intitulé « La Vierge rouge ». Si le premier appartient à la mouvance avant-gardiste dans laquelle Léger inscrit son activité de cinéaste dans les années 1920, le second, au début des années 1930, devait être une production Pathé-Nathan d'envergure, un film historique comme le sera la Marseillaise de Renoir quelques années plus tard.
Aging, Quality of Life, and Social Support
Authors: Gupta Garima , Sharma Deepa Luxmi
Published: February 2018

The present chapter presents an intertwined view on aging, quality of life and social support. Aging is a sensitive process of transformation from a young age structure to old age. It is a pressing problem for many countries in this century. Therefore, attention to needs and problems of this age has an importance. The domains that need more attention in elderly is both quality of life and social support in their life. Though social support and quality of life have received much attention in studies of the psychological issues of older adults but still researches are needed in special attention at the intervention level.
Cardiovascular Disease in Elderly an Early Care
Authors: Prasad Barre Vijaya , Akbar Shamsi , R. Ashwini
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes how cardiovascular disease in industrialized nations the proportion is higher, reaching 90%. Ageing has a remarkable effect on the heart and arterial system, out of which leading to an increase in cardiovascular disease including atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of Cardiovascular Disease morbidity and mortality today. Coronary heart disease accounts for 70 to 80 per cent of deaths in men and women in adults over 60 years of age. Congestive Heart Failure is the most common cause of hospitalization in the elderly. Since a significant proportion of the population is and will be elderly and the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease in this population is so profound, it is important to understand the evaluation and treatment of cardiovascular disease in the elderly
Impact of Tuberculosis in Elderly Population
Authors: Chooramani Gagan , Singh Pooja
Published: February 2018

The World Health Organization has declared that the spread of tuberculosis is a global emergency. Despite the implementation of strong tuberculosis-control initiatives by WHO, this highly infectious disease continues to affect all vulnerable populations, including the elderly population. Adverse social factors and poor living conditions also affect the elderly much more than the young. The clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in older adults can be unusual and may be confused with age-related illnesses. Various factors related to old age can also cause complications in the diagnosis, treatment, and disease outcomes for tuberculosis patients. The contributory factors may be poor memory, deafness, mental confusion, or impairment of speech. In addition, therapy for tuberculosis in elderly individuals is challenging because of the increased incidence of adverse drug reactions. Hence, understanding the impact of these substantial aspects will help to overcome the problem of tuberculosis in the elderly population.
Music Therapy
Authors: Bajantri Manjunath R. , Prasad Barre Vijaya , Kori Ashok
Published: February 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide epidemic. Multiple domains including memory, cognitive abilities, language, behaviour, and emotions are affected, resulting in significant disability and distress both for patients and caregivers. The management of patients with Alzheimer's disease is a significant public health problem. Different strategies have been applied to prevent/delay onset of Alzheimer's disease or at least to improve quality of life and health conditions of Alzheimer's disease patients and their caregivers. Given the limited effectiveness of pharmacological therapies combined with iatrogenic effects of drug treatments, the development of nondrug care has become a necessity. This chapter focuses on music therapy as an advanced intervention strategy for this population. Music therapy has evolved from a social science model to a neuroscience model of clinical practice and research. This paradigm shift has resulted in the formation of a new theory known as neurologic music therapy (NMT).
Ageing and Mental Health
Authors: Verma Neelam
Published: February 2018

Estimated research findings suggest that almost two-thirds of adults with psychiatric conditions do not receive the required treatment services. This chapter enables readers to understand various aspects of ageing, how physical and mental health aspects are correlated, and which mental health conditions are most common in later life. The chapter also discusses major models of mental health in the context of ageing. Major psychiatric and psychological conditions that are most common in old age are outlined along with a major milestone of old age (i.e., retirement: a major lifestyle change that pushes older people towards psychological problems and adjustment issues with a new phase of life). A brief description is presented on the current status of psychiatric and psychological services for mental health issues of the elderly. The chapter concludes by summarizing the contents of discussed areas. Studies are presented throughout the chapter to accompany and enrich the discussion and validate the chapter content.
Solar Radiation Intensity Data as Basis for Predicting Functioning Modes of Solar Power Plants
Authors: Daus Yuliia , Kharchenko Valeriy , Yudaev Igor Viktorovich
Published: February 2018

The chapter presents express methods for estimating the solar energy potential at a given point on the basis of combining the solar radiation daily profile application method under clear skies and actinometrical data of the NASA electronic base. Such a new approach including the climatological conditions of the region, significantly reduces the calculation time, and improves the accuracy of the decisions with a minimum of initial data. For the speed and convenience of calculations based on the proposed methodology, it was implemented in the form of a computer program. The article also analyzes the influence of spatial orientation on the maximum electricity produced during the month, season and year and it reveals that the use of an optimal inclination angle for the specified periods of time makes it possible to realize the existing solar potential of the region at the same capital expenditures.
The Features of the Work of Wind-Receiving Devices on Different Speeds of the Wind Flow
Authors: Dorzhiev Sergey Sodnomovich , Bazarova Elena Gennadyevna , Morenko Konstantin Sergeevich
Published: February 2018

This chapter describes the features of the work of wind-receiving devices in the insufficient power mode when the current wind speed is below the construction value of the wind power plant. The term “effective angle” is introduced. The importance of this problem is shown and the amount of time in the insufficient power mode, for example, wind power plant, is calculated. The main characteristics of an electrical generator and a wind receiving device are considered. The importance of the mapping the characteristics of the wind-receiving device and the electrical generator is shown.
Equity, Equality, and Reform in Contemporary Public Education
Authors: Grant Marquis Carter
Published: February 2018

Principles of equity have largely been overlooked in the field of education in favor of an acute focus on equality. Brown vs. Board of Education challenged practices of separate but equal, maintaining that equality was the foundation on which education should be built if all students were to benefit from education. Without a dual consideration for both equity and equality, practitioners are limited in their ability to provide an appropriate education to diverse populations of children. It is not enough to give students the same access to learning opportunities and resources. Educators must also create individualized pathways to the learning environment if all students are to benefit academically.
Analysis of Online Social Networks for the Identification of Sarcasm
Authors: Mehndiratta Pulkit
Published: February 2018

With the ever-increasing acceptance of online social networks (OSNs), a new dimension has evolved for communication amongst humans. OSNs have given us the opportunity to monitor and mine the opinions of a large number of online active populations in real time. Many diverse approaches have been proposed, various datasets have been generated, but there is a need of collective understanding of this area. Researchers are working around the globe to find a pattern to judge the mood of the user; the still serious problem of detection of irony and sarcasm in textual data poses a threat to the accuracy of the techniques evolved till date. This chapter aims to help the reader to think and learn more clearly about the aspects of sentiment analysis, social network analysis, and detection of irony or sarcasm in textual data generated via online social networks. It argues and discusses various techniques and solutions available in literature currently. In the end, the chapter provides some answers to the open-ended question and future research directions related to the analysis of textual data.
An Experimental Evaluation of Link Prediction for Movie Suggestions Using Social Media Content
Authors: Taneja Anu , Gupta Bhawna , Arora Anuja
Published: February 2018

The enormous growth and dynamic nature of online social networks have emerged to new research directions that examine the social network analysis mechanisms. In this chapter, the authors have explored a novel technique of recommendation for social media and used well known social network analysis (SNA) mechanisms-link prediction. The initial impetus of this chapter is to provide general description, formal definition of the problem, its applications, state-of-art of various link prediction approaches in social media networks. Further, an experimental evaluation has been made to inspect the role of link prediction in real environment by employing basic common neighbor link prediction approach on IMDb data. To improve performance, weighted common neighbor link prediction (WCNLP) approach has been proposed. This exploits the prediction features to predict new links among users of IMDb. The evaluation shows how the inclusion of weight among the nodes offers high link prediction performance and opens further research directions.
Artificial Minds with Consciousness and Common sense Aspects
Authors: Shylaja K.R. , Vijayakumar M.V. , Prasad E. Vani , Davis Darryl N.
Published: February 2018

The research work presented in this article investigates and explains the conceptual mechanisms of consciousness and common-sense thinking of animates. These mechanisms are computationally simulated on artificial agents as strategic rules to analyze and compare the performance of agents in critical and dynamic environments. Awareness and attention to specific parameters that affect the performance of agents specify the consciousness level in agents. Common sense is a set of beliefs that are accepted to be true among a group of agents that are engaged in a common purpose, with or without self-experience. The common sense agents are a kind of conscious agents that are given with few common sense assumptions. The so-created environment has attackers with dependency on agents in the survival-food chain. These attackers create a threat mental state in agents that can affect their conscious and common sense behaviors. The agents are built with a multi-layer cognitive architecture COCOCA (Consciousness and Common sense Cognitive Architecture) with five columns and six layers of cognitive processing of each precept of an agent. The conscious agents self-learn strategies for threat management and energy level maintenance. Experimentation conducted in this research work demonstrates animate-level intelligence in their problem-solving capabilities, decision making and reasoning in critical situations.
In vitro antifungal susceptibility of candidemia agents and detection of their biofilm production by two different methods
Authors: Oz Yasemin , Qoraan Iman , Gokbolat Egemen
Published: February 2018

Candida bloodstream infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The most important contribution of biofilm is the higher antifungal resistance than planktonic cells. We aimed to investigate the biofilm formation rate and antifungal susceptibility characteristics of our bloodstream isolates, and evaluate two different biofilm detection methods. A total of 200 bloodstream Candida isolates were included. The biofilms were formed on 96-well microtiter plates and measured by spectrophotometric percent transmittance and 2,3-bis(2- methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium- 5-carboxanilide colorimetric assay. In addition antifungal susceptibilities of these isolates were evaluated against caspofungin, anidulafungin and amphotericin B by reference method. Biofilm production rate was considerably high among our bloodstream isolates. The most important biofilm producer species was C. tropicalis; C. glabrata had the lowest biofilm production rate. The consistency rate between biofilm detection methods was 66%. Remarkable antifungal resistance was not observed among our isolates in general. In conclusion, biofilm production in Candida species is an important virulence factor, and its rate is considerably high in bloodstream isolates. At present, a standardized method has not been established to detect the biofilm formation.
Seismic attenuation in the interior of British Columbia and westernmost continental craton
Authors: Farahbod A M , Cassidy J F
Published: February 2018

In this study we investigated coda-wave attenuation (QC) in the interior of British Columbia, with a focus on stations in the eastern Cordillera and westernmost continental craton using records from 13 stations (short period and broadband) of the Canadian
National Seismic Network (CNSN). Our dataset is comprised of 1832 earthquakes recorded between 1992 and 2017 with magnitudes ranging from 1.5 to 4.9, depths from 0 to 54 km (with the vast majority being <15 km) and epicentral distances of 15 to 100 km. This gives a total of 1214 high
signal-to-noise (S/N) traces (S/N?5.0) useful for QC calculation (with a range of ellipse parameter, a2, of 20 to 100) across the region. Coda windows were selected to start at tc = 2tS (two times the travel time of the direct S wave), and were filtered at center frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16
Hz. Our study reveals a consistent pattern. We find that in the interior of BC, the lowest Q0 values (e.g., Q0 of 45) are at station BCBC at the western end of the Anahim Volcanic Belt. This is consistent with previous studies showing a low average Q0 of 53 (a2 of 30-50 km) for stations within that
volcanic belt. The highest Q0 values that we find (e.g., Q0 of 165) are at station BLBC, located on the western edge of the continental craton. Other stations in the interior of BC show intermediate values of Q0. One surprising result is that FNBB and BMBC stations in northeast BC - also located on
the western edge of the continental craton - show consistently low Q0 values (46-76 over the range of a2 from 20 to 70). Those stations were deployed in a region of hydraulic fracturing activity, and the low Q0 values may be partially attributed to fluids or fracturing in the uppermost
crust.
COMO OTIMIZAR RESULTADOS EM COMPRAS PÚBLICAS, A PARTIR DOS PRINCÍPIOS EM PLANEJAMENTO E GESTÃO
Authors: Ribeiro Cheila Vieira
Published: February 2018

A fome ainda desperta grande preocupação, principalmente por atingir cerca de 805 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Por esse motivo o presente estudo é relevante para agregar conhecimento sobre o assunto, principalmente na área das políticas públicas e ações para combater a falta de alimentos saudáveis e a disposição dos mesmos a população. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar as informações e principais resultados do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, além de apresentar alternativas estratégicas para aperfeiçoar os processos do mesmo. A pesquisa foi realizada através de levantamento bibliográfico, entrevista semidirigida e análise de elementos documental. Os resultados mostram que o objeto em estudo tem relação direta com a diminuição do número de subalimentados no País, além de incentivar a agricultura familiar. Por fim, são apresentadas soluções para dois desafios enfrentados pelo mesmo, a primeira solução diz respeito à criação de um sistema que mapeie as ofertas e demandas da região, para documentação dos elementos, objetivando assim uma redução de desperdícios e a segunda refere-se à criação de um curso a distância para capacitação dos gestores municipais.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE SIMULADORES PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE GUERREIROS CIBERNÉTICOS
Authors: Machado André Farreira Alves
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo apresenta o emprego de simulador como ferramenta para treinar os militares combatentes do espaço digital. Como estudo de caso, apresentamos o Simulador de Operações de Guerra Cibernética (SIMOC) empregado pela Seção de Guerra Cibernética, do Centro de Instrução de Guerra Eletrônica (CIGE), na formação dos alunos do Curso de Guerra Cibernética do Exército Brasileiro. No artigo, um exemplo de exercício cibernético é apresentado, assim como: aspectos técnicos a respeito da arquitetura do SIMOC e uma análise crítica abordando os aspectos positivos e negativos do simulador.
Effects of temperature-dependent NOx emissions on continental ozone production
Authors: Romer Paul S. , Duffey Kaitlin C. , Wooldridge Paul J. , Edgerton Eric , Baumann Karsten , Feiner Philip A. , Miller David O. , Brune William H. , Koss Abigail R. , de Gouw Joost A. , Misztal Pawel K. , Goldstein Allen H. , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Surface ozone concentrations are observed to increase with rising
temperatures, but the mechanisms responsible for this effect in rural and
remote continental regions remain uncertain. Better understanding of the
effects of temperature on ozone is crucial to understanding global air
quality and how it may be affected by climate change. We combine measurements
from a focused ground campaign in summer 2013 with a long-term record from
a forested site in the rural southeastern United
States, to
examine how daily average temperature affects ozone production. We find that
changes to local chemistry are key drivers of increased ozone concentrations
on hotter days, with integrated daily ozone production increasing by
2.3 ppb ∘C−1. Nearly half of this increase is
attributable to temperature-driven increases in emissions of nitrogen oxides
(NOx), most likely by soil microbes. The increase of soil NOx
emissions with temperature suggests that ozone will continue to increase with
temperature in the future, even as direct anthropogenic NOx emissions
decrease dramatically. The links between temperature, soil NOx, and
ozone form a positive climate feedback.
Global spectroscopic survey of cloud thermodynamic phase at high spatial resolution, 2005–2015
Authors: Thompson David R. , Kahn Brian H. , Green Robert O. , Chien Steve A. , Middleton Elizabeth M. , Tran Daniel Q.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The distribution of ice, liquid, and mixed phase clouds is important for
Earth's planetary radiation budget, impacting cloud optical properties,
evolution, and solar reflectivity. Most remote orbital thermodynamic phase
measurements observe kilometer scales and are insensitive to mixed phases.
This under-constrains important processes with outsize radiative forcing
impact, such as spatial partitioning in mixed phase clouds. To date, the fine
spatial structure of cloud phase has not been measured at global scales.
Imaging spectroscopy of reflected solar energy from 1.4 to 1.8 µm
can address this gap: it directly measures ice and water absorption, a robust
indicator of cloud top thermodynamic phase, with spatial resolution of tens
to hundreds of meters. We report the first such global high spatial
resolution survey based on data from 2005 to 2015 acquired by the Hyperion
imaging spectrometer onboard NASA's Earth Observer 1 (EO-1) spacecraft.
Seasonal and latitudinal distributions corroborate observations by the
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). For extratropical cloud systems, just
25 % of variance observed at GCM grid scales of 100 km was related to
irreducible measurement error, while 75 % was explained by spatial
correlations possible at finer resolutions.
Elevating the biogeosciences within environmental research networks
Authors: Richter Daniel D. , Billings Sharon A. , Groffman Peter M. , Kelly Eugene F. , Lohse Kathleen A. , McDowell William H. , Riebe Clifford , Silver Whendee L. , White Timothy S. , Anderson Suzanne , Brantley Susan , Brecheisen Zachary S. , Chadwick Oliver A. , Hartnett Hilairy E. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Kazanski Clare E. , Markewitz Daniel , O'Neill Katherine , Schroeder Paul , Thompson Aaron
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Collaborations between biologists and geologists are key to understanding and projecting how landscapes function and change over time. Such collaborations are stimulated by on-going scientific developments, advances in instrumentation and technology, and the growing recognition that environmental problems necessitate interdisciplinary investigation. Here, we show how the biogeosciences are well placed to answer more completely the core questions that motivate the world's invaluable environmental research networks: specifically, the venerable Long Term Ecological Research networks (LTERs), the newer surveillance facilities of the Earth Observatory Networks (EONs including the USA's NEON), and the geosciences' interdisciplinary network of Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs). Because LTER and EON programs have been supported largely by ecological and biological communities and CZOs largely by the geological community, we assert that a concerted biogeoscience approach across these invaluable networks can benefit both their scientific productivity and usefulness to the wider public.
How to Overcome Transformation Barriers in IT Departments of State-Owned Enterprises
Authors: Ertl Christoph , Herzfeldt Alexander , Krcmar Helmut
Published: February 2018

This paper develops a framework for analyzing organizational change in information technology (IT) departments of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and applies that framework to a case study of a German airport that is majority-owned by the German federal government. Specifically, we derive a framework from literature to systematically identify transformation barriers for introducing new enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and business processes in IT departments of SOEs. This framework is based on the punctuated equilibrium model and considers dynamic process incorporation, explicit stakeholder integration, a detailed representation of the change process, and characteristics of public employees as main factors. We then apply the framework in a case study research approach and show how the framework allows identification of transformation barriers hidden to management but involved in the organizational change process (e.g., required change of organizational structures, required change of service-level-agreements). The framework can be a valuable tool for both researchers and practitioners to actively shape the effects of organizational transformation in SOEs and to identify factors that influence the change process.
Global Outlook for 2018: Economy, Finance, and Monetary, with a Particular Case Study of Taiwan
Authors: Lu Shyi-Min
Published: February 2018

In October 2017, IMF President Christine Lagarde declared that the GDP growth of world’s economies in the first half of 2017 was up to the broadest recovery since 2010. So far, the strength of global economic growth has been enhancing. The interest rates and inflation are still at a low level. The global economy has risen from the bottom in 2016 to reach its peak since 2011. As for the degree of economic development, the emerging markets grew fastest, followed by the developing countries, while the advanced economies grew moderately at an average rate around 2%. Manufacturing PMI in major countries, such as the United States, China, the Eurozone, and even Taiwan, have increased above 50 notably in the recent years, while the non-manufacturing PMI is also above 50. Accordingly, the main purpose of this paper is to forecast the global economy in 2018, which is on the trajectory of booming with a certain degree of uncertainty. A particular case study of Taiwan’s overall economic development is presented as well.
Acquisition of Environmental Awareness: The Interplay with Institutional Development
Authors: Smirnova Janna
Published: February 2018

Acquisition of environmental awareness is undoubtedly a necessary step towards environmental progress. However, due to the complex and interdisciplinary character of the argument, only a little literature has emerged regarding this issue. The paper contributes to fill in this lacuna and investigates the main factors responsible for the acquisition of environmental awareness from the institutional perspective. The acquisition of environmental awareness is seen as an interactive process involving institutional transformation and cognitive responses. The analysis shows that enforcement of formal rules and purposeful construction of informal rules contribute to create a favourable framework for such an acquisition. In enhancing environmental concern, a policy maker should allocate additional resources to formal rules enforcement, while informal rules should be accounted for by considering cultural backgrounds and human capital. Formation of environmental awareness through the spread of environmental education is argued to be a functional tool. The analysis leaves much space for further multidisciplinary research on environmental awareness and could serve as a starting point for the development of an empirical analysis of its determinants.
Znaczenie RPO w procesie kreowania markowych produktów turystycznych w województwie zachodniopomorskim
Authors: Meyer Beata
Published: February 2018

Stale zwiększająca się liczba osób uczestniczących w wyjazdach turystycznych sprawia, że wiele regionów stara się wykorzystać swój potencjał dla rozwoju atrakcji przyciągających turystów. W konkurencji pomiędzy regionami coraz większe znaczenie ma wykorzystanie instrumentów marketingu terytorialnego. Jednym z nich jest kreowanie markowych produktów turystycznych, których finansowanie często przekracza możliwości regionów. Szansą staje więc skuteczne zagospodarowanie środków UE. Celem opracowania jest analiza wsparcia finansowego dla markowych produktów turystycznych z funduszy europejskich (RPO) w województwie zachodniopomorskim w latach 2007–2013.
Trendy w produkcji żywności wygodnej i przykłady jej zastosowania w turystyce – wybrane aspekty
Authors: Makała Halina
Published: February 2018

W artykule przedstawiono definicję, podział i charakterystykę żywności wygodnej. Opisano rodzaje i trendy w jej produkcji. Przedstawiono przykładową ofertę żywności wygodnej dla wybranych form turystyki, turystyki pieszej i kajakowej, która ze względu na trwałość produktów oraz szybki sposób przygotowania posiłków pozwala zaoszczędzić cenny czas.
Rola drugich domów w zrównoważonym rozwoju regionu turystycznego na przykładzie regionu Borów Tucholskich
Authors: Adamiak Czesław
Published: February 2018

Artykuł zawiera przegląd literatury oraz założenia i wstępne wyniki badań nad wpływem drugich domów na region turystyczny. Najpierw przedstawiono zjawisko drugich domów w Polsce na tle świata oraz rozmieszczenie i charakterystykę zjawiska na obszarze badawczym Borów Tucholskich. Następnie zaprezentowano wpływ drugich domów na obszary recepcji w warstwie środowiskowej, ekonomicznej i społecznej na podstawie literatury międzynarodowej oraz wstępnych badań terenowych.
Społeczne uwarunkowania turystyki zrównoważonej w gminie Stare Babice
Authors: Gałązka Małgorzata
Published: February 2018

Celem artykułu było poznanie opinii społeczności lokalnej gminy Stare Babice na temat turystyki na terenie gminy, wpływu Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego na ruch turystyczny w gminie, a także próba określenia możliwości i stopnia przygotowania miejscowej społeczności do stosowania w gminie zasad turystyki zrównoważonej. Z badań można wysnuć wniosek, że respondenci zamieszkujący tereny gminy Stare Babice, a tym samym okolice Kampinoskiego PN, to przede wszystkim osoby traktujące miejsce swojego zamieszkania jako typową „sypialnię” o doskonałym położeniu – bezpośrednio przy granicach Warszawy. Przebadani są bardzo zadowoleni ze swojego miejsca zamieszkania, ponieważ główną korzyścią, jaką z tego czerpią, jest otaczająca ich przyroda Kampinoskiego PN oraz związane z tym: cisza, świeże powietrze oraz możliwości uprawiania różnych form turystyki i rekreacji. Rozwój turystyki nie jest respondentom całkowicie obojętny i dostrzegają korzyści, jakich mogliby doświadczyć w wyniku zwiększenia ruchu turystycznego na swoim terenie, jednakże uważają, że tą kwestią powinna się zająć administracja lokalna.
Edukacja turystyczno-ekologiczna uzdolnionej
młodzieży wiejskiej jako istotny element
zrównoważonego rozwoju w turystyce
Authors: Błaszczak Iwona
Published: February 2018

Wspólnota wiejska jest niezwykłą społecznością, która przejmuje ze swojego otoczenia elementy
funkcjonującej w nim kultury w postaci: norm zachowań, wartości, społecznych oczekiwań
oraz wszystkie informacje dotyczące ważnych dla wspólnoty wydarzeń. Stąd mieszkańcy
wsi tak mocno się utożsamiają i integrują ze swoim środowiskiem lokalnym. Taką zależność
można z powodzeniem wykorzystać w edukacji ekologiczno-turystycznej uzdolnionej młodzieży
wiejskiej, która stanowi przedmiot badań autorki. Właśnie w specyficznym środowisku, jakim
jest wieś, nieocenioną rolę może odgrywać lepsze poznanie otoczenia, w którym ta młodzież
żyje, poprzez turystykę. Poszerzenie zainteresowań uzdolnionej młodzieży wiejskiej o tematykę
związaną z ochroną praw przyrody, poznanie zasad, które nią rządzą, odkrywanie piękna rodzimej
okolicy, propagowanie jej walorów – to wszystko może stanowić istotny element rozwoju
młodych ludzi i przyczyniać się do zrównoważonego rozwoju turystyki.

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Rejs jako forma rekreacji
Authors: Swoboda-Rydz Urszula
Published: February 2018

Cruises are a fast developing branch of tourism industry. Following first big cruise liners such as the Titanic, the modern history of cruising started seriously in the 1960s with the advent of the jet craft, which helped transfer passengers to remote ports of embarkation. The main trend in cruising is moving towards building huge cruise ships and providing tailor-made cruises for niche cruisers. This fashion is going to remain high in the near future according to main cruise lines. There are differences between first-times and repeaters whose intention of purchase of a cruise is guided by different motivators, price and general feeling, respectively. Nonetheless, the perceived value of cruises earned a high position and as a consequence the repeat rate is 60% and 80% for „luxurious class” cruises. Cruises do not constitute a mass market for Polish holiday-makers due to a lower average income and necessity to fly and arrange majority of cruises, and scarcity of cruises entering Polish ports as ports of call. However, the respondents of my questionnaire hold similar positive opinions of their experience
Wybrane aspekty turystyki astronomicznej w województwie lubelskim
Authors: Iwanicki Grzegorz
Published: February 2018

Turystyka astronomiczna jest nowym trendem w turystyce zrównoważonej. Głównym składnikiem jej oferty jest nocne niebo wolne od zanieczyszczenia świetlnego. Ochrona obszarów ciemnego nieba jest istotna ponieważ astroturystyka wydłuża sezon turystyczny. Obserwacje mogą być prowadzone przez okrągły rok o każdej porze dnia. Taka forma turystyki jest jedną z szans dla rozwoju województwa lubelskiego, zwłaszcza dla gospodarstw agroturystycznych.
Proekologiczne rozwiązania w obiektach hotelarskich
Authors: Kłos Anna
Published: February 2018

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie proekologicznych rozwiązań w hotelarstwie oraz wynikających z nich korzyści. W wyniku wprowadzenia do polityki firmy proekologicznych narzędzi, takich jak systemy zarządzania środowiskowego (environmental management systems) czy ekocertyfikaty (ecolabels), następuje wiele wymiernych korzyści. Największymi zaletami jest wzrost konkurencyjności na rynku, pobudzenie świadomości ekologicznej zarówno wśród klientów jak i pracowników oraz znaczne obniżenie kosztów stałych. Efekty te można uzyskać również wprowadzając pojedyncze proekologiczne rozwiązania z zakresu odpowiedzialnego gospodarowania wodą, energia elektryczną, produktami oraz odpadami, współpracując z ludnością lokalną, jak również wykorzystując odnawialne źródła energii. Mimo, iż wszelkie powyższe działania pochłaniają wiele pieniędzy, nie można mówić o kosztach, lecz inwestycji długoterminowej./ALBO Wszelkie powyższe działania to nie koszta, lecz inwestycja długoterminowa.
O turystyce zrównoważonej oraz procesie jej
planowania
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Ludwik
Published: February 2018

Turystyka zrównoważona to pożądany stan, jaki zjawisko turystyki powinno prezentować na obszarze
chronionym. Stan ten posiada postać kompromisu między różnymi grupami interesu prezentowanymi
przez mieszkańców obszaru, społeczeństwo, turystów i przedsiębiorców turystycznych.
Posiadają one często odmienne punkty widzenia co do sposobu, w jaki na obszarze chronionym
powinna rozwijać się turystyka. Pogodzić ich interesy i określić kształt oraz charakter turystyki można
jedynie w drodze planowania. W artykule omówiono jak wygląda procedura takiego planowania.
Perspektywy rozwoju turystyki winiarskiej
w Polsce – szanse i bariery
Authors: Sokół Janusz Leszek
Published: February 2018

W badaniach ankietowych, przeprowadzonych online na grupie 222 osób, oceniano popularność
enoturystyki wśród polskiego społeczeństwa oraz uwarunkowania i możliwości jej rozwoju. Badania
wykazały, że turystyka winiarska nie należy do popularnych form wypoczynku wśród Polaków,
tym niemniej ma ona pewne szanse rozwoju. Przede wszystkim potrzebna jest w tym celu większa
współpraca właścicieli winnic z podmiotami branży turystycznej, m.in. biurami podróży, hotelami, restauracjami.
Konieczna jest też odpowiednia promocja enoturystyki przez władze samorządowe w porozumieniu
z organizacjami winiarskimi i innymi podmiotami zainteresowanymi jej rozwojem w Polsce.
Wpływ mobilnych aplikacji sportowych na
zainteresowanie aktywnością fizyczną wśród
dorosłych Polaków
Authors: Łania Przemysław , Pasławska Małgorzata
Published: February 2018

Przedmiotem opracowania są mobilne aplikacje sportowe oraz ich wpływ na poziom aktywności
fizycznej w społeczeństwie ponowoczesnym. Są one współczesną formą dopingu dla
osób decydujących się na systematyczny udział w aktywności fizycznej, są również jednym
z narzędzi osiągania satysfakcji społecznej oraz własnego zadowolenia z udziału w aktywności
fizycznej. Mobilna aplikacja sportowa pozwala bowiem na rejestrację osiągnięć, a następnie ich
publikację na wybranym portalu społecznościowym, np. Facebooku. Taka funkcja motywuje do
podejmowania jeszcze większych wysiłków oraz do stawiania sobie nowych wyzwań i celów
sportowych. Nasze społeczeństwo, a także współczesny sport ulegają ciągłej przemianie. Dzisiaj
samo uprawianie sportu już nie wystarczy. Aby odczuć pełną satysfakcję, dzielimy się swoimi
osiągnięciami z szerokim gronem znajomych i innych odbiorców. Dzięki aplikacji mobilnej można
podtrzymywać poczucie wspólnoty i element współzawodnictwa w poczynaniach sportowych.
Najważniejszą rolą, jaką pełnią mobilne aplikacje sportowe, jest motywacja do rozpoczęcia uprawiania
nowej dyscypliny bądź motywacja do kontynuowania dotychczas uprawianej aktywności
fizycznej. Ważną funkcją takich aplikacji jest system nagradzania w postaci wirtualnych medali,
pochwał i podpowiedzi o brakujących kilometrach do ustanowienia nowego rekordu. Kluczem
do ich wykorzystania podczas uprawiania aktywności rekreacyjnej jest odbiornik GPS.