bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VALIDASI METODE ANALISIS DAN PENURUNAN KADAR INFUS CIPROFLOKSASIN YANG DIPENGARUHI REAKSI OKSIDASI MENGGUNAKAN HPLC
Authors: Nugraheni Bekti , Nafi'ah Nafi'ah , Anggoro B
Published: January 2021

Validation of analysis methods is conducted on the assay of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin because it is often used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal infections. This study aimed to determine the validity of an analytical method. Development of methods used in this study were the mobile phase of methanol: aquabidest : 0.1 M phosphate buffer: acetonitrile (80: 10: 5: 5). Then the ciprofloxacin validation was performed. After the methods validation were valid, the assay of ciprofloxacin in infusion was performed to determine the decreased levels which affected by the oxidation reaction of 0, 60, 90, 150 and 180 minutes. The validation parameters in the research were selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD and LOQ. Samples were standart ciprofloxacin used for the validation and infusion of ciprofloxacin for the assay on the sample application that was affected by the oxidation reaction. The used of HPLC met the requirements such as HPLC devices Waters e2695 Separations, SunFireTM column C18, and PDA detector and a flow rate of 1.0 mL / min. This study showed that the result was selective, stated with no emergence of peaks in the matrix. HPLC analysis methods on ciprofloxacin meet the acceptance criteria of accuracy % recovery value solution concentration of ≥10 mg / mL are 90-107%. Precision test qualifies % RSD for solution concentrations ≥10 mg / mL is <7.3%. Linearity r ≥0,997 then it can be concluded that the result was qualified. LOD value is 0.2707 µg / mL and the LOQ value is 0.9026 µg / mL. The results of the assay infusion of ciprofloxacin were found that there was a significant decrease in the levels of ciprofloxacin due to the influence of the oxidation reaction
DETEKSI Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella PADA JAJANAN SIRUP
Authors: Puspadewi Ririn , Adirestuti Putranti , Abdulbasith Afif
Published: January 2021

Microbial on food are caused by various factors such as nutrients, water, and temperature. If total amount of microbes increase it would damage food and if it ingested could affect grastrointestinal track. Snack, especially unregistered snack such as syrup in school is one of important problem to concerned. The purpose of this study is to detect the present of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in syrup in four elementary schools in Cimahi. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus is done using BPA medium, while detection of Salmonella is using Indol test, methyl red test, Voges Proskauer test, Citrate test and Gram staining. The result shows that the syrup from the elementary school contains Staphylococcus aureus but not all of samples of syrup give positive result of Salmonella. Based on the requirements which in set in SNI that microbes in syrup should not be contain to Staphylococcus aureus is negative/ml and Salmonella is negative/25 ml, then syrup that sold in all four elementary schooldi not qualified.
PENGARUH LAYANAN PESAN SINGKAT PENGINGAT TERHADAP KEPATUHAN KONSUMSI OBAT PASIEN DM TIPE 2 DI PUSKESMAS MELATI KABUPATEN KAPUAS
Authors: Susanto Yugo , Alfian Riza , Riana Rinidha , Rusmana Ibna
Published: January 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Patients with DM in Indonesia ranks 4th largest with a prevalence of 8.6 % of the total population. Patient compliance in the treatment greatly affect the success of the therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of adherence before and after administration of short message reminders, as well as knowing the adherence changes that occur in patients with type 2 diabetes at the Puskesmas Melati Kabupaten Kapuas. This esearch was conducted by quasi experimental design, with prospective data collection during the period from May to June 2016. The intervention was giving short message service reminder. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria as many as 15 patients. The primary data collection is done by filling the questionnaire adherence MMAS and secondary data obtained from medical observation sheet.            The results showed that in the pre intervention average value (mean) adherence by 5.8 or are in the low adherence rate, in post intervention average value of 7.4 or adherence are moderate adherence rates, with the rate of change (Δ) adherence towards better at 1.6. It can be concluded that the adherence were lower before than after giving short message service reminder. There was improvement in the adherence to taking medicine after giving short message service reminder. The giving short message service reminder increased the adherence to take medicine effectively
PENGARUH ISOPROPIL MYRISTAT SEBAGAI BAHAN PENINGKAT PENETRASI TERHADAP LAJU DIFUSI KRIM PEMUTIH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MURBEI (Morus alba L)
Authors: Yusuf Nurul Arfiyanti , Fatmawaty Aisyah
Published: January 2021

The research has conducted research on the effectiveness of isopropyl myristat as a penetration enhancer on the diffusion rate of whitening cream mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L) in vitro. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of isopropyl myristat. Mulberry leaf extract cream made with varying concentrations respectively 3%, 4%, 5% Isopropyl myristat as penetration enhancers made into 3 formulas (F1-F4) with the F1 without penetration enhancers. Evaluation of stability before and after accelerated storage includes observation of the organoleptic, emulsion type determination, measurement of pH, and viscosity. The evaluation results indicate four physically stable formula. In vitro diffusion studies conducted by Franz diffusion cells and footage is measured at a wavelength of 367.4 nm. The results of diffusion studies show that formula with the highest diffusion rate of 0.024 µg/minute on F4 (5% isopropyl myristat).
UJI MUTU FISIK GRANUL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum americanum L.) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI EXPLOTAB®
Authors: Soemarie Yulistia Budianti , Sa'adah Hayatus , Fatimah Nurul , Ningsih Tri Marga
Published: January 2021

Bad breath is usually caused by bacteria and food debris left in the mouth. Development of preparations using herbal ingredients, to overcome the problem of bad breath one of them is with utilization basil leaves (Ocimum americanum L.) which have anti bacterial activity. The method of wet granulation is a single method for use in granulation of large doses of active substances because if using direct induced method will require again the addition of a large number of fillers to make it easier forging, but cause the tablet to be not feasible as it will resulting in an increase in tablet size. The type of research conducted is an experimental study. Object the study was basil leaf extract formulated. This formulation was prepared by wet granulation method with variation Explotab® ss crusher ie 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. Performed wet granulation on each formulation. Granul evaluated the flow time, mass density test, silent angle and fixed assay test. Based on research result the physical quality of ethanol extract granule of basil leaves (Ocimum americanum L.) with explotab® concentration variation it can be concluded that all the formula fulfill the good quality of granule characteristic, because it meets the requirements of parameters of time flow, rest angle, compressibility and density mass
FORMULASI TABLET EKSTRAK ANGKAK (RED YEAST RICE) DENGAN VARIASI CROSCARMELLOSE SODIUM SEBAGAI PENGHANCUR DAN LAKTOSA SEBAGAI PENGISI
Authors: Resti Adestria , Kusuma Aris Perdana , Fudholi Achmad
Published: January 2021

Angkak or better known as Red yeast rice is fermentation rice using a mold Monascus purpureus. Some studies of red yeast rice can lower cholesterol levels in the body because it contains monoakolin K or similliar with lovastatin compound. Generally in community consumption of red yeast rice only with pour in the boilling water so it can causing inconvenience for its customers. This study aims to make a formulation tablet of red yeast rice extract which varied with the levels of croscarmellose sodium 5% -1% (32mg, 26mg, 19,5mg, 13mg, 6,5mg) and lactose (75,75mg, 82.25 mg, 88,75mg , 95,25mg, 101,75mg) in order to get a best physical properties of the tablet including friability and disintegration time. Angkak extract was made by remaseration method using ethanol 75% and the manufacture of tablets using wet granulation method. Stastical test tablet extract angkak using One Way ANOVA with 95% confidence level. Optimum formula obtained by using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) using Design Expert version 8.0.7.1 program and statistically tested using one-sample t-test. The results from test showed the proportion of croscarmellose sodium 6.5mg and 101.75mg lactose produces tablets with the best of physical properties of red yeast rice extract.The result is indicate that the combination of croscarmellose sodium and lactose may affect response the physical properties of red yeast rice extract tablets.
PERBEDAAN KECEMASAN ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH PADA TINDAKAN INJEKSI DENGAN DITERAPKAN DAN TANPA DITERAPKAN PEMAKAIAN ROMPI BERGAMBAR DI RUANG MELATI RSUD ABDUL WAHAB SJAHRANIE SAMARINDA
Authors: Sureskiarti Enok , Brutu Marwah Maawiyah Nur Karina
Published: January 2021

Children with painful procedures tend to exhibit negative behavioral reactions, such as children becoming more aggressive and uncooperative or hostile, and if these conditions continue to develop growth disturbances, it also complicates the implementation of medical procedures such as injecting drug. To know the difference of pre-school age anxiety at injection action by applied and without applying the wearing picture vest in Melati Room of RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. This study used quasi experimentalposttest design only non equivalent control group. Anxiety was measured using the Children's Fear Scale measurement scale. The sample of the study was 30 children divided into groups of intervention and control. Analysis to see the effect between the two variables using Mann Whitney test. The frequency distribution of anxiety in the intervention group and the control group each had an average score of 0.64 (95% CI = 0.32-1.01) and 2.57 (95% CI = 1.50-3, 16). The result of this study was Mann Whitney's 0,003 (α = 0,05) analysis, indicating a difference between the intervention group and the control group. The results of mean difference analysis in the intervention and control group showed that there were differences in pre-school age anxiety at the injection action by applied and without applying the picture vest in the Melati Room of RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. The use of pictured vests can be used as an effort to decrease children's anxiety at the injection action.
EFEK BIOLARVASIDA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DARI GRANUL EKSTRAK DAUN JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia)
Authors: Mangampa Yunita , Nisa Michrun , Fahimah Nurul , Rannu Sriwanti Lisu , Anugrawan Muh , Doa Febi Rofina
Published: January 2021

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still one of the problems in Indonesia. Natural materials that has the property of killing the mosquito vector one of them is a lime leaf. lime leaf extract contains limonoids compounds that serve as larvacide.Tujuan of this research is to make granule extract lime leaf (Citrus aurantifolia) which has the ability as a mosquito killer biolarvacide. This type of research is a laboratory experiment. The population in this study were all three instars of Aedes aegypti larvae aged 3-4 days. The results showed that there was granule effect of lime leaf extract (Citrus aurantifolia) to the death of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The granule concentration of lime leaf extract (Citrus aurantifolia) which is effective in killing Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae is 15% extract concentration formulated in granule form with percent mortality of 76.7% larvae.
EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENANGANAN RINITIS ALERGI
Authors: Lorensia Amelia , Sari Nina Purnama
Published: January 2021

Allergic rhinitis is a common disorder of the breathing that can affect one's productivity and shock. Therefore it is necessary knowledge in self-management to eliminate exposure to allergens that can increase the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of education in improving public knowledge about drugs allergic rhinitis. The research method is experimental pre-sampling with adult sampling through purposive sampling. Measurement of experience conducted for 3 times, ie before getting education (pre test), post-education (post test), and one month after received education (follow up test). The research conducted in May-July 2016, involving 30 people. The results showed that there were significant differences between pre test and post test (0,000 <p (0.05)) and between pre test and follow-up test (0.000 <p (0,05)). However, no changes occurred between post test and follow up test. So education is effective in improving public knowledge in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SINGKONG (Manihot Utilissima Pohl) SEBAGAI OBAT ALTERNATIF ANTI REMATIK TERHADAP RASA SAKIT PADA MENCIT
Authors: Rikomah Setya Enti , Elmitra Elmitra , Yunita Diana Gustina
Published: January 2021

Medicinal plants used for generations one of which is crop cassava leaves. Cassava leaves is believed to cure rheumatism, gout, anemia, constipation, and to increase endurance. This study aims to determine the Effects Of Ethanol Leaf Extract Singkong (Manihot Utilissima Pohl) As Drug Alternatif Antirheumatic Of Pain On Mice. This study was an experimental study using 25 mice. These animals were divided into five groups where each group consisted of 5 mice. Cassava leaf extracts as a control test, flamar gel as a positive control, and distilled water as a negative control. Observations were made for 45 minutes using a hot excitatory response in the form of a decrease in a lick or jump after the treatments. The results showed a decline in the response of mice to lick the feet or jump to the heat stimuli were administered after administration of cassava leaf extract. Cassava leaf extract has an effect antirheumatic to pain in mice. Based on the analysis of SPSS best dose in this study is the first dose (0.65mg / 20gr mice BB).
IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI AIR MINUM ISI ULANG DARI DEPOT YANG MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER AIR NON PDAM DI KOTA SAMARINDA
Authors: Aulia Nur Maulida , Sudrajat Sudrajat , Kusumawati Eko
Published: January 2021

This aim of the present work is to know the type and the number of contamination in drinking water refill from depot using Non-PDAM water resource in Samarinda City. The sample were obtained from five subdistricts such as North Samarinda, Sambutan, Palaran, Loa Janan Ilir and Samarinda Ilir. Identification of bacteria using PCA (Plate Count Agar) media, BA (Blood Agar) and MCA (Mac Conkey Agar). Potentially pathogenic colonies tested for biochemical include SIM (Sulfid Indol Motile), SC (Simon Citrate), MR (Methyl red), VP (Voges Proskauer), TSIA (Triple Sugar Iron Agar), Nitrate, Urea, PAA (Phenyl Alanin Agar) and Glucose of. The results show that there is bacterial contamination in drinking water refill from depot using Non-PDAM water resource such as genus Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter. The number of bacterial contamination were found at least in samples C1 and C2 from Sambutan, sample D2 from Palaran and the most contamination number was found in sample A1 from North Samarinda.
KADAR ASAM URAT PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS DENGAN TERAPI OBAT ANTI TUBERKULOSIS (OAT) DI PUSKESMAS CEMPAKA MARET 2017
Authors: Nafila Nafila , Haqiqi Rizqia Nurul , Wahyunita Sari
Published: January 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mostly attacks the lungs. Uric acid is the result of purine metabolism in the body. Actually, uric acid is a natural substance in the body but it becomes unnatural in the body when uric acid becomes up and beyond normal limits. The purpose of this study was to detemmine the description of uric acid levels in tuberculosis patients with anti tuberculosis drug therapy (OAT) at Puskesmas Cempaka. The population in this study was 22 patients with TB patiens who received OAT treatment. The sample of this research is 15 people with purposive sampling method. Examination was done in area of cempaka with capillary blood using rapid test method. Of the 15 patient studied with pulmonary tuberculosis who consumed OAT in Cempaka Puskesmas work area, obtained uric acid levels increased (26,67%) and normal levels uric acid (73,33%) in male gender (75%) and female gender (25%). Characteristics of age in the age group 41-50 years (25%), age 51-60 years (25%) In female gender. Should be monitored specifically for the symptoms of side effects of Anti Tuberculosis (OAT) by looking at clinical symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, etc.
EVALUASI TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK LANJUT USIA
Authors: Fajriansyah Fajriansyah , Nisa Michrun
Published: January 2021

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition of kidney damage that occurs for 3 months or more in the form of structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney with or without decrease in Glomerular Filtration Rate which manifests as a pathological disorder. Treatment of CKD is closely related to medication adherence that determines a successful treatment, but patient treatment adherence is often low especially in regularity for drug use. This study aims to evaluate the level of adherence to the use of CKD patient drug at the General Hospital of Education Hasanuddin University. The research design is descriptive analysis with Cross Sectional. The data were collected by using questionnaires containing questions that led to patient characteristics, medication adherence, and factors affecting drug use. Measurement of adherence used is Modified Morisky Scale (MMS) which then analyzed using Case Management Adherence Guidelines (CMAG) against 45 subjects. The result of the research is the level of patient compliance based on quadrant level 1 as many as 8 patients (17,78%), quadrant level 2 as many as 8 patient (17,78%), level 3 quadrant 17 patient (37,77%), and quadrant level 4 of 12 patients (26.66%).
OPTIMASI POLIVINILPIROLIDON DAN CARBOPOL PADA SEDIAAN PATCH DISPERSI PADAT PIROKSIKAM
Authors: Nurahmanto Dwi , Sabrina Friska Wira , Ameliana Lidya
Published: January 2021

Piroxicam, a non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAID), is an oxicam derivative which can be used for treatment of various rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Piroxicam patch is an affective approach evading piroxicam’s side effect such as peptic ulcer and first pass metabolism. One of the patch components is polymer that the function is to control the speed of drug release from the patch. The aims of this study were to determine the optimum formula of a combination of polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP) and Carbopol to % moisture content (MC) and the flux release in solid dispersion piroxicam patch using Simplex Lattice Design. Piroxicam was prepared in the form of a solid dispersion in PEG 4000 to increase its solubility. The design formula of solid dispersion piroxicam patch made with the ratio PVP : Carbopol, that were 1 : 0; 0.5 : 0.5; 0 : 1. The optimum formula was chosen with the ratio PVP : Carbopol, 1: 0, which gave the best result of % MC and flux release. The result of % MC was 6.91% and the result of flux release was 35.543 µg/cm2.menit1/2.
FORMULASI ORALLY DISINTERGRATING TABLET (ODT) EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum americanum L.) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI EXPLOTAB®
Authors: Soemarie Yulistia Budianti , Sa'adah Hayatus , Marginingsih Tri
Published: January 2021

Bad breath is usually caused by bacteria and leftovers in the mouth. Utilization of natural ingredients that can be used to overcome the problem of bad breath one of them by using basil leaves (Ocimum americanum L.), which has activity as an antibacterial. The development of the preparations was done on basil leaves to overcome bad breath is by formulating the basil leaves ethanol extract into the Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT) preparation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of explotab® concentration variations on the physical properties of ODT and to determine the best of concentrations of Explotab® that fulfill the physical properties of ODT. The type of research conducted was an experimental study. Research object was basil leaves ethanol extract formulated into ODT with Explotab® 2% w/b, 4% w/w, 6% w/b and 8% w/w variation. Physical evaluations test then conducted including : the uniformity of weight evaluation, the hardness test, the friability test, and the dissolved time. The results showed that the explotab® concentration variations had an effect on the physical properties of tablets and the formula with the Explotab® 8% b/b concentration was the best formula that could produce the best ODT tablet with physical properties.

 

Keywords    :    Basil leaves (Ocimum americanum L.), Explotab®, Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT)
KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI TERKAIT CARA PENGGUNAAN METERED-DOSE INHALER DENGAN SPACER YANG MENGANDUNG KOMBINASI BETA-2 AGONIS DAN KORTIKOSTEROID OLEH APOTEKER DI APOTEK WILAYAH SURABAYA TIMUR
Authors: Lorensia Amalia , Queljoe Doddy de , Valensia Yessica
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Treatment of respiratory disorders using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with spacer becomes one of the important points. Pharmacists at pharmacies are the final key in therapy to ascertain how the use of inhalation tools is correct. This study aims to determine the completeness of each step of information on how to use MDI with spacer given by pharmacists at pharmacies in East Surabaya. The research design used is cross-sectional study with the subject of research is pharmacist in pharmacy. The research variable is the explanation of how to use MDI inhaler with spacer. An assessment method of 8 steps on how to use MDI with spacer and each number gets a value. Research subjects were 22 pharmacists. Most pharmacists describe each step orally by using the tool directly, ie at step: 1a (77.27%), 1b (77.27%), 2 (81.81%), 3 (31.81%) , 4a (59.09%), 4b (13.63%), 5a (100%), 5b (63.63%), 6a (90.90%), 6b (40.90%), 8a (9 , 09%), and 8b (9.09%). Most of the pharmacists explain verbally with a demonstration tool but only one pharmacist can explain all the steps completely. Therefore, pharmacists need to improve IEC services related to the use of MDI with a spacer for respiratory treatment.

 

Keywords :   information on how to use inhaler, Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI), spacer, pharmacist, pharmacy
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KEBUTUHAN PASIEN TERHADAP INFORMASI OBAT DI APOTEK AMANDIT FARMA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Sari Ratih Pratiwi , Putra Aditya Maulana Perdana , Masran Ulfah
Published: January 2021

The current pharmaceutical service has shifted its orientation from drug oriented to patient oriented with reference to pharmaceutical care. Pharmaceutical service activities are not limited to drug preparation and drug delivery to patients but pharmacy needs to interact or communication with the patient. The purpose of this study was to determine how is the relationship between knowledge and patient needs for drug information at Amandit Farma Pharmacy Banjarmasin. This type of research is descriptive analysis. Sampling was taken on March 9 - April 8, 2018 by giving questionnaires to 250 patients who redeemed the prescription at Amandit Farma Banjarmasin Pharmacy using systematic random sampling method according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. Data analysis using Chi Square 3x3.             Based on the results of this study can be known the relationship between knowledge and needs of patients on drug information at Amandit Farma Pharmacy in Banjarmasin is statistically meaningful
AKTIVITAS KOMBINASI EKSTRAK BAWANG DAYAK-METFORMIN TERHADAP GULA DARAH MENCIT
Authors: Putra Aditya Maulana Perdana , Pratiwi Ratih Sari
Published: January 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires good medical treatment to prevent long-term complications. The proportion of DM patients in Indonesia in 2013 was 3,7 million. Indonesia as one of the countries with the highest diversity has natural resources that can be used as an alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus, one of them is dayak onion. Dayak onions themselves contain compounds that can reduce blood glucose levels. The use of traditional medicine in the community is sometimes combined with chemical drugs. So the purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the combination activity of dayak onion  extract – metformin with single metformin to reduce mice blood sugar induced by alloxan. This research includes experimental research. The test animals used were male white mice which were divided into 2 groups, namely the combination of dayak onion and metformin and the single metformin group. The dose of dayak onion extract used in this study was 100 mg / KgBB and the dose of Metformin used was 45 mg / KgBB. Measurement of glucose levels is carried out every 3 days for 15 days. The decrease in fasting blood glucose from the control group and the test group was analyzed by the General Linear Model test at a 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicate that the combination of dayak onion tuber extract and metformin has better hypoglycemic activity than single metformin. This result can be seen from the average glucose level from day 3 to 15 the combination of dayak onion tuber and metformin is lower than the average glucose level of single metformin. The results of GLM analysis showed the sigvalue <0,05 so it can be concluded that there is a difference in glucose levels between the combination of dayak onion tuber and metformin with a single metformin.
EVALUASI RASIONALITAS PENGOBATAN HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS PELAMBUAN BANJAR MASIN TAHUN 2017
Authors: Aryzki Saftia , Aisyah Noor , Hutami Hesti , Wahyusari Besty
Published: January 2021

Irrational use of drugs is still found in Puskesmas which is the First Level Health Facilities. The use of irrational drugs based on appropriate drugs and precise indications. In the use of various types of drugs there may be an irrationality of treatment, one of which is hypertension.This study aims to determine the antihypertensive drugs used in Pelambuan Puskesmas Banjarmasin and to determine the percentage of rationality of hypertension treatment at Pelambuan Puskesmas Banjarmasin. evaluating the rationale for the use of antihypertensive drugs that include the accuracy of indication, drug, dose, patient, mode of administration, and duration of administration in hypertensive patients at Puskesmas Pelambuan Banjarmasin during 2017. This type of research was descriptive non-experimental research with retrospective data retrieval based on medical records of hypertensive patients in 2017. The population in this study amounted to 333 medical records and the number of samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria as much as 37 medical records. The tools / instruments in this study were observation sheets and interview sheets. The results of the research on antihypertensive drugs used in Pelambuan Banjarmasin Health Center were amlodipine, nifedipine, captopril, lisinopril. The results of the evaluation of the rationality of the use of antihypertensive drugs were seen based on the exact indication criteria as many as 18 patients (48,65%), right medication as many as 18 patients (48,65%), right dose of 17 patients (45,95%), right patients as many as 33 patients (89,19%), the exact method of administration was 31 patients (83,79%), and the exact duration of administration was 22 patients (59,46%).
PENGARUH BASIS SALEP HIDROKARBON DAN BASIS SALEP SERAP TERHADAP FORMULASI SALEP SARANG BURUNG WALET PUTIH (Aerodramus fuciphagus)
Authors: Sandi Dita Ayulia Dwi , Musfirah Yaumi
Published: January 2021

Swiftlet nest is edible bird’s nest (EBN). Edible bird’s nest contain EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) that has a role in skin cell regeneration. This research aims to find out the effect of the hydrocarbon and absorption bases on the edible bird’s nest ointment (Aerodramus fuciphagus) from the physical character of each ointment.  The edible bird’s nest ointment made into two formula with hydrocarbonand absorption bases. Each ointment tested of the physical characteristics include organoleptic test, homogenity test, pH test, spreading test, sticky test, and viscosity test. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using T Independent Test. The result showed that there was affect the hydrocarbon and absorption bases to the physical characteristics of edible bird’s nest ointment include spreadability (P 0,011), sticky (P 0,020), and viscosity, but there was not affect to organoleptic, homogenity and pH of edible white bird’s nest ointment (Aerodramus fuciphagus).
HUBUNGAN DERAJAT TROMBOSITOPENIA DENGAN MALARIA BERAT PADA PASIEN MALARIA DI RUMAH SAKIT KANUJOSO DJATIWIBOWO BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Siagian Loly R.D , Zubaidah Mona , Rimadani Riski Ayu
Published: January 2021

Malaria is one of the health problems in Indonesia. Kanujoso Hospital Djatiwibowo Balikpapan is a referral hospital for Balikpapan, Penajam Paser Utara and Paser. Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara is the district with the highest incidence of malaria in East Kalimantan. In malaria there is a change of hematology one of them is thrombocytopenia. Several studies have suggested the involvement of thrombocytopenia with severe malaria events. The aim of this reasearch was to know the relations of degree of thrombocytopenia with severe malaria in malaria patients treated at Kanudjoso Djatiwibowo Hospital Balikpapan period 2013-2017.

This research was conducted by using analytic observational research method with cross sectional design. The sample was taken from the patient's medical record at Kanujoso Djatiwibowo Hospital Medical Record Installation for 2013-2017 period with the sample of 81 patients. The data were analyzed by using Fisher test. The results of this research showed that distribution malaria patients based on degree of thrombocytopenia were moderate, severe and mild respectively 41,98%; 40,79% and 17,28%. Severe malaria found in 13.58% patients. We found correlation between degree of thrombocytopenia with severe malaria with Fisfer test ((p=0,043). Our study found correlation between degree of thrombocytopenia with severe malaria in malaria patientspatients at Kanudjoso Djatiwibowo Hospital Balikpapan
DRPs (DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS) PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS DENGAN KOMPLIKASI GAGAL GINJAL DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH ‘X’ DI SAMARINDA PERIODE OKTOBER-DESEMBER 2016
Authors: Helmidanora Rusdiati , Reza Muhammad , Sukawaty Yullia
Published: January 2021

Drug Related Problems (DRPs) is an unexpected event from the patient's experience because drug therapy can interfere with the success of healing. Patients with chronic disease for a long time have a chance of developing DRP. One chronic disease is diabetes mellitus which is a metabolic disorder due to lack of insulin production produced by the pancreas gland. Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication that often occurs in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, due to high blood sugar levels that can cause kidney structure to change and impaired function. The aim of this study was to determine DRP in patients with diabetes with kidney failure. Research conducted was non-experimental research with data collection retrospectively. The data were analyzed by using standard reference books, Drug Information Handbooks. Based on the results of the study found DRPs in patients with DM with kidney failure in the inpatient installation of RSUD 'X' Samarinda in the period October-December 2016 who needed drugs but did not receive it (24%), received drugs without appropriate indications (11%), received wrong drugs (3%), dose was too low (0%), dose was too high (5%), the patient has ADR (13%), and compliance (0%).
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT X KOTA SURAKARTA
Authors: Sulo Habel Roy , Hartono Elina , Oetari R. A.
Published: January 2021

The development and improvement of pharmacy service has become consumer concern, since this quality of service will affect on consumer satisfaction. The study aimed at assessing the level of outpatient satisfaction at Department of Pharmacy X Hospital In Surakarta City. This study was a survey research, which was conducted using questionnaire by direct interview. A total of 323 respondent were recruited conveniently in the study. The obtained data was then analyzed using Gap analysis to assess the differences in level of quality services between customer perceptions and customer expectations. The study investigates the five dimensions of service quality and identifies the gap between the perception and expectation. The data was analyzed by using SPPS for windows. In general, the result shows that service quality was lower than the expectations of the patients in the studied hospital. The study finding indicated that gap or differences exist on various dimensions between perception and expectation in level quality services. The highest service quality gap was given to Responsiveness followed by Reliability, Empathy, Tangibles and Assurance with the value of - 0,129; - 0,125; - 0,115; - 0,114; and - 0,108 respectively. Patient satisfactions was influenced by health service quality, with the assurance and responsiveness dimensions as the greatest influence on patient satisfaction.
ANALISIS PERSPEKTIF PEMBELAJARAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN DALAM MENGUKUR KINERJA INSTALASI FARMASI RSUD A.M. PARIKESIT TENGGARONG KUTAI KARTANEGARA KALIMANTAN TIMUR DENGAN PENDEKATAN Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Saharuddin Tria Saputra , Satibi Satibi , Andayani Tri Murti
Published: January 2021

Pharmacy Department A.M. Parikesit Regional General Hospital always working to improve the quality of service, analyses is need to find the performance in Pharmacy Department A.M. Parikesit Regional Public Hospital. The concept of the balanced scorecard is a performance evaluation tool that is comprehensive, coherent and relevant to be applied in hospitals for improving the performance of every aspect of total. The study to evaluate the performance Pharmacy Department A.M. Parikesit Regional General Hospital through learning and growth perspective. This research used non experimental case study arrangement research the explorative descriptive approach. Data collection was retrospective and prospectively in the form of quantitive data. Qualitative data was obtained by questionnaires, depth interview with the head of Pharmacy Departmen A.M. Parikesit. The quantitative data obtained through direct observation and personnel file. The results of research with the used balanced scorecard at a performance perspective learning and growth shown that: a. human capital: Good category productivity of employess, the level of employee productivity is 86.73%, the percentage of employees who received training in 2013, 2014 and from January to July 2015 is respectively for 15.38%, 32.25% and 97, 72%, the average value of the high category in morale, job satisfaction, knowledge, empskill and talent; b. information capital showed the average category of high on the aspect of information technology, a database and network, but need the information management system updates for support the management and drug reporting and need to improve communication with the customer network.; c. organization capital showed the value of the average category of high on the aspect of cultural organization ,leadership and alignment.
Authors: Wahyuni Marjan , Adiwanto Ricky
Published: January 2021

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit demam akut yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang masuk ke peredaran darah manusia melalui gigitan nyamuk dari genus Aedes. Sampai saat ini belum ada obat untuk menyembuhkan penyakit DBD, sehingga masyarakat sering panik jika tertular virus dengue. Berbagai cara dilakukan untuk mencegah penularan virus dengue salah satunya adalah dengan penggunaan tanaman sebagai anti nyamuk alami. Penggunaan bahan kimia secara terus menerus, selain berdampak buruk terhadap kesehatan, juga akan membuat nyamuk menjadi resisten. Oleh sebab itu perlu berbagai alternatif obat anti nyamuk yang berasal dari jenis tumbuhan yang salah satunya adalah jeruk nipis. Kulit jeruk nipis mengandung salah satu dari zat penolak nyamuk sehingga dimungkinkan kulit jeruk nipis juga efektif sebagai penolak nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak dari kulit jeruk nipis efektif sebagai daya proteksi nyamuk. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Experiment dengan rancangan kegiatan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan yaitu A (0%), B (15%), C (30%) D (45%). Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah nyamuk aedes aegipty. Reppelent dianggap efektif apabila daya proteksinya ≥ 90%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis pada konsentrasi 15 %, memiliki kemampuan proteksi sebesar 60%. Pada konsentrasi 30% ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis memiliki daya proteksi sebesar 90%. Daya proteksi ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis sangat efektif pada konsentrasi 45 %, karena mempunyai kemampuan proteksi sebesar 98 %. Dengan konsentrasi 98 % ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis sudah dapat dikatakan sebagai repellent anti nyamuk. Semakin besar konsentrasi zat ekstrak kulit jeruk, semakin besar pula daya proteksi yang diperoleh.
FORMULASI EKTSTRAK POLIHERBAL KOMBINASI EKSTRAK TULANG CEKER AYAM TERHADAP BAKTERI STAPILOCOCUS AUREUS
Authors: Santoso Joko , Nurcahyo Heru
Published: January 2021

The development of traditional plants as herbal medicines continues to be increased, especially in local use. Aloe vera (Aloe vera), bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha) and Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma domestica Val) have compounds that function as antibacterial. Chicken claw bones play a role in accelerating the growth of skin cells, but it also has the potential as an antibacterial. This combination is expected to increase the work of medicinal ingredients in killing bacteria. The work method begins with the selection of herbal ingredients, dry sorting, wet sorting and slicing. Drying the sample using an oven at a temperature of 40 which is then pollinated and sieved with 100 mesh. Before macerated with 70% ethanol solvent 1:10 ratio, the sample was tested microscopically. The extract was made of three formulas and tested for antibacterial activity in Stapilococus aureus bacteria using the well method. The antibacterial activity in formula 1 was 7.1mm, Formula 2 was 8.7mm and formula 3 was 10.2mm. Experiments were also carried out on extracts without collagen extracts with better inhibitory results compared to polyherbal extract combinations of collagen extracts. This research proves that polyherbal extract from chicken claw collagen extract has the ability of antibacterial activity. Formula 3 has the best inhibition compared to formulas 1 and 2.
Cyber Situational Awareness in Critical Infrastructure Protection
Authors: Pöyhönen Jouni , Rajamäki Jyri , Ruoslahti Harri , Lehto Martti
Published: January 2021

The European Union promotes collaboration between authorities and the private sector, and the providers of the most critical services to society face security related obligations. In this paper, critical infrastructure is seen as a system of systems that can be subject to cyber-attacks and  other disturbances. Situational awareness (SA) enhances preparations for and decision-making during assessed and unforeseen disruptive incidents, and promoting Cyber effective situational  awareness (CSA) requires information sharing between the different interest groups. This research is constructive in nature, where innovative constructions developed as solutions  for domain-specific real world problems, while the research question is: “How can cyber  situational awareness protect critical infrastructures?” The Observe – Orient – Decide – Act (OODA) loop is examined as a way to promote  collaboration towards a shared situational picture, awareness and understanding to meet challenges of forming CSA in relation to risk assessment (RA) and improving resilience. Three levels of organizational decision-making are examined in relation a five-layer cyber structure of an organization to provide a more comprehensive systems view of organizational cyber security. Successful, crisis-management efforts enable organizations to sustain and resume operations, minimize losses, and adapt to manage future incidents, as many critical infrastructures typically lack resilience and may easily lose essential functionality when hit by an adverse event. Situation awareness is the main prerequisite towards cyber security. Without situation awareness, it is impossible to systematically prevent, identify, and protect the system from cyber incidents.
Business Continuity for Critical Infrastructure Operators
Authors: Ruoslahti Harri
Published: January 2021

Critical infrastructures often lack resilience and easily lose critical functionalities if hit by adverse events. Continuity management strategies for critical infrastructure operators and the networks that they form, rely also on the functionality of other interrelated networks. Disruptions in operations may affect society and for this reason, securing the operations of critical infrastructure operators is important. The technological impacts of CPS become evident to the resilience of all fields of critical infrastructure, but there is also human elements to take into account. The research question of this study is: How to enhance business continuity of critical infrastructure? This case study research uses qualitative methods collected by conducting interviews of resilience and continuity professionals who work with Finnish critical infrastructure. Resilience and continuity management are key for critical infrastructure operators. Important factors identified were identifying risks, critical activities, key personnel, creating guidelines and procedures, and open communication, which themes were recognised as important to improve resilience and manage continuity.
Airports’ Crisis Management Processes and Stakeholders Involved
Authors: Mantzana Vasiliki , Georgiou Eftichia , Chasiotis Ioannis , Gkotsis Ilias , Stelkens-Kobsch Tim H. , Kazoukas Vasileios , Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Nikas Anastasios , Komninos Filippos
Published: January 2021

Airports are exposed to various physical incidents that can be classified as aviation and non-aviation related incidents, including terrorist attacks, bombings, natural disasters (e.g. earthquake or tsunami and man-made disasters such as terrorist attacks) etc. (Kanyi, Kamau, & Mireri, 2016). In addition to this, cyber-attacks to airport operations are emerging especially with the increasing use of Information Systems (IS), such as electronic tags for baggage handling and tracking, remote check-in, smart boarding gates, faster and more reliable security screening technologies and biometric immigration controls etc. Any physical or cyber incident that causes loss of infrastructure or massive patient surge, such as natural disasters, terrorist acts, or chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive hazards could affect the airports’ services provision and could cause overwhelming pressure. During the crisis management, several stakeholders that have different needs and requirements, get involved in the process, trying to cooperate, respond and support recovery and impact mitigation. The aim of this paper is to present a holistic security agenda that defines the stakeholders involved in the respective processes followed during the crisis management cycle. This agenda is based both on normative literature, such as relevant standards, guidelines, and practices and on knowledge and feedback extrapolated from a case study conducted in the context of the SATIE project (H2020-GA832969).  In meeting paper’s aim, initially the normative review of the phases of the crisis management cycle (preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation) in the context of airports as well as general practices applied, are presented. Moreover, the key airport stakeholders and operation centres involved in airports operations, as well as during the crisis management are analysed. By combining the information collected, a holistic cyber and physical crisis management cycle including the stakeholders and the relevant processes are proposed. The crisis management process is taken into consideration into the SATIE project, which aims to build a security toolkit in order to protect critical air transport infrastructures against combined cyber-physical threats. This toolkit will rely on a complete set of semantic rules that will improve the interoperability between existing systems and enhanced security solutions, in order to ensure more efficient threat prevention, threat and anomaly detection, incident response and impact mitigation, across infrastructures, populations and environment.
Implementing Cybersecurity Measures in Transport Organisation
Authors: Tomić Rotim Silvana
Published: January 2021

The Article describes the phases of implementing the necessary measures according to Cybersecurity Regulation for critical infrastructure and ISO 27032 standard. As a base for identification of the necessary measures in transport organization the risk assessment has been done. The Risk Management Methodology has been described as well as the results of the risk assessment. The main aspects of risk treatment with the most suitable measures for Cyber risks are identified. Also as very important aspect of protecting critical transport infrastructure we have identified the critical services and prepared business continuity plans. The main steps and results in providing the acceptable level of availability and opportunities for continuity are presented and explained.
The Use of Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Malay Version) in Differentiating Between Autism Spectrum Disorders and Other Developmental Behavioural Disorders
Authors: Chong Lau Doris Sie , Ismail Juriza , Latiff Zarina , Raja Lope Raja Juanita
Published: January 2021

Objective: The present study examined the sensitivity and specificity of M-CHAT-Malay version [M-CHAT(MV)] to discriminate ASD from other developmental-behavioural disorders. Methods: This study was carried out in the Child Development Centre at a tertiary referral centre. Parents of 130 children aged 18–60 months, referred for developmental-behavioural disorders were asked to complete M-CHAT(MV). A child was considered to have ASD if they failed any 3 of the 23 total items or 2 or more of the 6 critical items. Results: Looking at the total items, M-CHAT(MV) has a good sensitivity (88.9%) to differentiate between ASD and other developmental-behavioural disorders, although specificity was only 47.8%. However, the critical items only has sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 77.6%. Sensitivity for children aged 49–60 months old was lower (80.0%) compared to those in the younger age group (100.0% and 90.3% for those aged 25-36 months and 37–48 months respectively). Based on the ROC curve, the optimal criteria to detect ASD was failing 1 out of 6 critical items or 3 out of 23 total items. Conclusion: M-CHAT(MV) is a good screening tool in differentiating ASD from other developmental-behavioural disorders although the critical items’ criteria may need to be lowered to improve its sensitivity in selected cohorts.