bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistent Courage of the Local Women Resistance Toward Undemocratic Policies
Authors: Hendrastiti Titiek Kartika , Irianto Sulistyowati
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on studying local women groups' resistance movement toward the policies regarding a permit for mining activities in their villages. Although locals have vehemently opposed this business, the official licenses to continue the activities are remain being issued by state authority and supported by the local government. This could be seen as a red flag from the policy that has been abandoned by local communities' interests. For the past decade, then being involved in social movements against undemocratic policies has sign significantly creased. There is no benefit for them from these policies, and local women also could see that their interests and knowledge have been ignored. The method used in this study is feminist ethnography, focusing on two villages as a location of mining activities. The first is Penago Baru in Seluma, Bengkulu, which has been exploited for their iron sand, then Praikaroku Jangga in Central Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, as the location for gold mining. The study uses field-talks, in-depth interviews, live-in, thematic group discussions, and field-notes. The participants lived in a social movement or acted as indigenous leaders, NGO activists, and demics. The study shows the distinctive character of these local women communities, in which they tend to have a subaltern identity. As a subaltern community, they have never been considered to exist, as their interests are not included in the policy agenda-setting. Their resistance is actually a reflection of the state's ignorance of the locals' rights. The study also notes that local women communities in both locations are actually reliable agents of local environment knowledge, with their intimate experiences with surrounding nature. Their courage to resist these policies is more of an effort to protect the natural resources and the people, as well as the ecosystem.
Development of Android Based Laboratory Asset Monitoring and Inventory Application
Authors: Parenreng Mardawia Mabe , Nur Fajria , Asriyadi Asriyadi
Published: October 2020

Each laboratory has a person in charge (technician) that has a duty of serving the laboratory in term of operational and maintenance. The main task of a technician is to record and monitor the condition and completeness of laboratory equipment in the laboratory. The data collection process is done by writing a tool request form, therefore mistakes often occur. In this research, an Android-based laboratory asset monitoring and inventory application was made. By using the application, it is expected that technicians become easier to make any duties of reports including report of damaged laboratory equipments, request for reparation, the unavailable practical materials etc simply by using a Smartphone. Testing the application with the Black-Box testing method to investigate the function of each application component whether it is running well or not. The results obtained from the Black-Box test are the functions of each component were running as expected. The case study is conducted for Electrical Engineering Department at State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang (SPUP)
Eddy Current Testing of the Lightning Strike Protection Layer in Aerospace Composite Structures
Authors: Feng Bo , Pasadas Dario J. , Ribeiro Artur L. , Ramos Helena G.
Published: October 2020

The lightning strike protection layer, which is a mesh of metal stripes, is adhered to composite materials to dissipate the huge current induced during lightning strike. This paper presents an eddy current imaging method to inspect defects in the lightning strike protection layer. A tuning method was applied to tune the resonant frequency of excitation and sensing coils and enhance the testing results. Two parameters, namely the amplitude of induced voltage in the sensing coil and the amplitude of the voltage across a sampling resistor in the excitation circuit, were used to image the defects. The results show that the image formed by sensing coil voltage is less noisy and more accurate.
Edge Detection of Metal Thickness of Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Based on Super-Heterodyne Phase-Sensitive Detector
Authors: Cai Zhichao , Zhao Zhenyong , Chen Lan , Tian Guiyun
Published: October 2020

In order to improve the thickness measurement accuracy of metal plate, a new method based on phase detection thickness is proposed. Two modes of ultrasonic echo are generated by electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) at the edge of specimen, and super-heterodyne phase-sensitive detection technique is used to collect the phases of the ultrasonic, then the thickness information of the tested specimen is obtained accurately. Firstly, the finite element model of EMAT is built, and the time-domain characteristics of acoustic echo are analyzed. Secondly, the 0∘ and 90∘ phase detection on echo signal are detected by the super-heterodyne phase-sensitive detection system. Finally, the relationship between phase information and specimen thickness is analyzed. The results show that the detection method, which based on super-heterodyne phase-sensitive detector of edge mode conversion, can realize the detection of metal plate thickness, and the phase error range is controlled within 0.23%.
Mercury as a factor in COVID-19 mortality: hypothesis and evidence.
Authors: Lee Tim X
Published: October 2020

The majority of those infected with COVID-19 recover without serious complications. However, a small subset of the population is unable to recover from infection and tragically succumb. Conditions found in those that suffer poor COVID-19 outcomes are hypercoagulability, high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and lymphopenia. These rare conditions can all be caused by mercury. In addition, men are more likely to die from infection than women. Mercury can account for this gender skew as it is potentiated by testosterone. The hypothesis is that mercury toxicity is causing a susceptibility to COVID-19 death. This hypothesis offers a mechanistic understanding of COVID-19 deaths. Mercury sets the stage by suppressing the immune system and causing hypercoagulability. COVID-19 infection then triggers coagulation leading to thrombosis and an increase in proinflammatory cytokines resulting in patient death.
Experimental and numerical study on the solar gain and heat loss of typical existing and refurbished German buildings
Authors: Steininger Peter , Gaderer Matthias , Dawoud Belal
Published: October 2020

This communication introduces an experimental setup for investigating the effect of solar radiation on the reduction of transmission heat losses and the steady state thermal conductance of uninsulated and insulated multi-layer wall samples. The setup consists of two adjacent climatic chambers, which share a common wall, in which the multi-layer wall samples are mounted. A solar simulator is applied within the outdoor air climatic chamber, whose radiation spectrum and radiation intensity are approximately equivalent to those of the sun. The first tests have been carried out on a wall sample with a typical structure of existing buildings from the year 1930 in Germany. In addition, a high-performance insulating plaster layer has been applied on a basic test sample (with existing building structure) to replicate and assess the refurbished scenario. Furthermore, a numerical investigation on the transient heat transfer process is carried out by using the simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics®. The experimental results of both uninsulated and insulated wall samples are validated against 1D and 3D models. As seen, the uninsulated wall, whose thermal conductance was experimentally determined to be equal to 1.79 W/(m²K), absorbs a heat flux of 208 W/m² through its external wall surface over a period of 8 hours. A fraction of 9.8 % of the absorbed heat arrives as a gain on the internal wall and reduces the transmission heat losses by 11.7 % over a period of 55 hours. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity of the insulation layer of the refurbished wall sample with micro hollow glass spheres was estimated by a parameter estimation procedure using the 3D model and the obtained experimental data. Using the estimated thermal conductivity, a thermal conductance of 0.42 W/(m²K) has been obtained for the refurbished wall sample.
العلاقات العراقية-الخليجية:التحديات و افاق المستقبل بعد داعش
Authors: الحريري جاسم
Published: October 2020

تبحث هذه الدراسة العالقات العراقية-اخلليجية بعد عام9074 واالحداث املؤملة يف املوصل بعد دخول تنظيم داعش االرهايب ، وأحتالله أجزاء كبرية من االراضي العراقية ، وأستهدافه لتفتيت اجلسد العراقي ، وزرع الفتنة الطائفية ، والعرقية بني شرائح اجملتمع العراقي ، وهذه التطورات ، واملعطيات أنعكست على املواقف اخلليجية من العراق بعد تلك االحداث ، حيث أثبتت الوقائع وجود تورط خليجي واضح يف دعم تنظيم داعش االرهايب ، لكن هذا املوقف أصابه نوع من التغيري بعد ظهور تطلعات ذلك التنظيم االرهايب للتمدد يف اجلسد اخلليجي بالرغم من العالقات فيما بينهما ، وأدرك اخلليجيون مدى خطورة
توجهات داعش عليهم ، فعملوا على تغيري سياستهم السابقة بسياسة اخرى أكثر براغماتية، متثلت بدعم العراق ملكافحة التنظيم الداعشي املتطرف.وحتاول هذه الدراسة أن تعاجل هذا املوضوع من خالل أقسام البحث الثالثة، حيث يعاجل القسم االول من الدراسة املرتكزات اجلديدة لالمن اخلليجي بعد ظهور
داعش ، والثاين يعاجل طبيعة العالقات العراقية-اخلليجية بعد9074 ،والثالث يركز على معاجلة مستقبل العالقات العراقية-اخلليجية بعد داعش.
السقف الزجاجي المفهوم والاسباب والأثار
Authors: الكعبي سهام
Published: October 2020

السقف الزجاجي : املفهوم واالسباب واالثار
ان هذا البحث هو حبث نظري اختص بعرض ادبيات ظاهرة السقف الزجاجي الذي يعرف بانه صيغة فريدة مـــــــن التحيز والظلم والالعدالة ضـــــــــــــد النساء خيتص هذا الظلم والتحيز مبكان العمل و باملواقع القيادية واالداريـة العليا فــــــــــــــي السلم الوظيفي ، ان ظاهرة السقف الزجاجي برزت اىل ميدان
البحث العلمي يف مثانينيات القرن املاضي ، وقد تناوهلا علماء االجتماع وعلماء علم النفس التنظيمي وعلماء االدارة والعالقات العامة ، ومل تتحدد االسبقية التارخيية على وجه الدقة بالنسبة هلذه العلوم يف تناوهلا هلذه الظاهرة وهذا املفهوم . وهي ظاهرة عاملية تشمل الدول املتقدمة والدول النامية على حد سواء ، ومل جتد الباحثة دراسات عربية عن هذه الظاهرة باسثناء دراسة واحدة يف اجلزائر . وقد بدا احلديث عن هذه الظاهرة اوال على اهنا ختتص بالنساء)متييز جندري(واالقليات)متييز عرقي ( او امللونني)متييز حبسب اللون ( اال اهنا انتهت لتكون ظاهرة نسوية بامتياز اذ مل جتد الباحثة دراسات اجنبية او عربية حتدثت عن السقف الزجاجي لدى الذكور من االقليات او امللونني . هناك عدد من االسباب اليت تقود لربوز هذه الظاهرة تتعلق بالنساء انفسهن او باملؤسسات اليت تضع هذه احلواجز ويرتتب على هذه الظاهرة عدد من االثار النفسية واالجتماعية على مستوى النساء وعدد من االثار على مستوى املؤسسات . هناك عدد من احملاوالت لكسر االسقف الزجاجية من جانب النساء على مستوى فردي واحيانا من جانب املنظمات الداعمة للنساء فضال عن حماوالت الباحثني املهتمني لبيان املخاطر احملتملة لوجود ظاهرة االسقف الزجاجية . وقد خلص البحث اىل مجلة من االستنتاجات وعدد من املقرتحات والتوصيات .
أثر ابعاد تصميم العمل على انشطة أدراة المسار الوظيفي : دراسة استطلاعية في بعض كليات جامعة المستنصرية
Authors: مجعة محمود
Published: October 2020

This study has taken knowledge of the nature of the relationship and the impact of the job design dimensions with career management activities as an issue. Design scheme proposed that the relation and the between the job design described as the independent variable and its variables (Skill variety,Task Identify, Task significance, Autonomy, Feed back)and career management described as the Reliable variable and its variables (Career Planning, Career pathing, The Function Training, Career Development). In the light of the proposed scheme two main premises was formulated, the first concerning the identification of linkages relations, and the second concerning the impact relations.And the test hypothesis variables of the study were absorbed in a questionnaire prepared based a number of measures related to the subject of the study and were distributed to (75) individuals representing a random sample of Science, Management &Economics and Engineering colleges at the
University of Al-Mustansiria ,in addition to conduct some interviews, which included a number of officials and employees. And a range of methods used to analyze statistical data , and results were extracted by using (SPSS) software. The study found set of conclusions, one of the most important thinks was, that there is a linkage and impact relation between job design, its variables (Skill variety, Task Identify, Task significance, Feed back), and career management as a whole. Emerged from the
study a set of recommendations and proposals, the most important one was, it is necessary for the college discussed to have a job design style that includes the basic dimensions that came in the study, except the Autonomy dimension, because the other dimensions are of a greet importance in increasing effectiveness of career management activities.
الشعر الوثائقي: دراسة لقصيدة امريكية “احدهم فجر امريكة”
Authors: Al-Douri Hamdi
Published: October 2020

The modern age is prolific of literary movements and literary genres. Documentary poetry, which can be considered a new genre, combines both primary source material, such as war, political events, terrorism, people in detention and many other events with poetry. Amiri Baraka is a contemporary American poet whose poem "Somebody Blew up America" belongs to this genre. It records the September 11 blowing up of the Trade Centre from a perspective different from what the American propaganda and mass media tell the world. The recent paper attempts to shed light on Amiri Baraka's attitude towards this event, the reasons behind it, the real terrorists and the intentions behind this terrorist event according to this poem.
The poet argues that the American government knew beforehand that the Trade Centre was going to be blown up and they took no action to prevent the catastrophe and, in this sense, they were
partners in the crime. Furthermore, he accuses the Americans of blowing up the trade centre.The paper is divided into three sections and a conclusion. Section One is Introductory; it sheds
light on documentary poetry, its characteristic features and practitioners. Section Two is a biographical note of Amiri Baraka paying special attention to his attitude to American politics based
on domination, persecution and genocide. Section Three gives a detailed analysis of "Somebody Blew up America" as a documentary poem recording the September 11 blowing up of the Trade Centre with the aim of finding a pretext to invade other countries. The paper concludes that this event happened according to a well-made plan in cooperation with the American government and the CIA as partners.
أثر استخدام اسلوب الخريطة الذهنية في تحصيل طلبة الجامعة في المسرحية الانكليزية
Authors: مجيد ناهده , عيسى اياد
Published: October 2020

The current study aims to investigate the effect of using Mind Mapping technique on University students' achievement in English drama. The aim of the study is supposed to be achieved through verifying its hypotheses. The sample of the study consists of sixty EFL university students who are distributed equally into two groups, i.e. experimental and control groups. The experimental group has been taught the English drama ''Hamlet'' by using Mind Mapping technique while the control group has been taught the same material by using the traditional method. A posttest has been conducted and applied to the two groups. The required data are collected and analyzed statistically. The obtained results show that the mean scores of students' performance of the experimental group in the post test is better than that of the control group. This means that the investigated technique has a positive effect on university students' performance in English drama.
تشخيص اّليات عملية التعاون التنافسي الإلكتروني في شركات الاتصالات المتنقلة في مدينة كركوك-العراق
Authors: المعاضيدي معن , السبعاوي يونس
Published: October 2020

This research aims to diagnosing the vital mechanisms for completing the of Electronic Coopetition Process, then determined its levels in cellular companies in Kirkuk city in Iraq, as a field of study and as a source of gaining the data that collected by distributed questionnaire on the branches of three companies: (Zain Al-Iraq, Asia cell and Korek Telecom), the numbers of distributed questionnaire are (105), the researchers are recollected (95) questionnaire. This research appointment the analytical descriptive method for achieves its goals and treats its problem, by using some of the researching tools such as: interviews, questionnaire, and gains the results then formation
of its conclusions, the vital one of these conclusions is: The process management model can contribute in building completed theoretical frame, as a developed model for analyzing the
relationship styles among contributors, and describes the natural of electronic cooperative among competitors, these results are reinforced by Chi-Square values that enhance these factors in different levels in researched companies.
(تأثير أدوات الصيرفة الاكترونية في الميزة التنافسية (دراسة استطلاعية في مصرفي بغداد والخليج التجاري
Authors: كردي ابراهيم , المولي ابراهيم
Published: October 2020

The aim of the research is to find out the importance of electronic banking in the investigated banks and their success in achieving competitive advantage. The research sought to prove the hypotheses, which provide for a significant correlation between electronic banking tools and competitive advantage in terms of their dimensions, as well as a relationship with a significant effect on electronic banking tools. Competitive advantage. The research came out with the most important conclusions that indicate a clear readiness by banks to adopt electronic banking tools in order to enhance the competitive advantage in the banks, and the capabilities of electronic banking tools to meet all the needs. Gat customers, as well as research came out with the most important recommendations, including working to motivate outstanding workers in the field of computer and the Internet through a bonus incentive, which in turn contribute to the success of the work of electronic banking tools in order to achieve the goals in the banks and to achieve the strategic goal of the work of competitive advantages.
فاعلية المعارضة في النظام البرلماني
Authors: MOHAMMED OKAB
Published: October 2020

ان دراسة املعارضة يف االطار القانوين احملدد هلا ، على قدر كبري من االمهية لتحديد اطار عملها متهيدا ملعرفة كيفية ممارستها داخل قبة الربملان من خالل القواعد القانونية ، والذي بدوره يؤثر يف احلياة السياسية على املستويني : املستوى األول هو مستوى السلطة فإهنا تفهم على إجيابية دور املعارضة الربملانية يف تفعيل احلياة السياسية وطريقة عملها ونشاطاهتا يف طريقها اىل السلطة ، أما املستوى الثاين فهو يتعلق باملعارضة السياسية نفسها يف معرفة ذاهتا وإتباعها للطرق القانونية يف وجودها وكيفية ممارسة نشاطاهتا وكيفية وصوهلا اىل السلطة . وهناك امهية أخرى هلذا املوضوع هي حتديد العالقة بني املعارضة السياسية والسلطة ألن طبيعة هذه العالقة تؤثر يف أداء النظام السياسي لوظائفه، اذ ليس من وظيفة املعارضة السياسية وضع عراقيل للسلطة وليس من وظيفة السلطة قمع املعارضة السياسية ، امنا ميكن ان يكون للمعارضة دور كبري يف بناء الدولة من
علاقة نظام المعلومات الجغرافية باستدامة المؤسسات
الصغيرة والمتوسطة (SMEs)
تطبيق الحوسبة السحابية لزيادة قابلية استخدام
نظام المعلومات الجغرافية في عملية صنع القرار الإداري
Authors: محمود يزن , السامرائي مناضل
Published: October 2020

The current study seeks to show the importance of spatial data, and its effective role in the sustainability of the projects managed by organizations, the study also aims to identify the extent of the impact and effectiveness of their use in data management and decision-making and how to deal with it. The study is trying to answer the following questions 1-Is it possible to apply and the sustainability of the Geographic Information System (GIS) in decision-making by applying cloud computing process? To answer the questions have been relying on previous studies in improving the performance of the (SDSS) and increase the security of information and the possibility of access to information with ease, and reached the study to the group's conclusions, including: is the subject of the GIS of the important systems in the sustainability of the projects, especially after linking Management System leading to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the implementation of these projects and sustainability on the other hand by taking administrative decisions related to geographical indications for this system
ادوات التمويل الاسلامي وكيفية استخدامها في معالجة عجز الموازنة العامة للدولة
Authors: عبد الحميد عبد العزيز , خلف حميد
Published: October 2020

Deficit in the state budget is a problem facing developed countries before the developing ones. It affects the economy in general and directly through their impact on macroeconomic variables. The aspects of this effect are depending on the method of financing the deficit, so many economists say that falling into the deficit stage is regarded as a major risk that must be avoided
and addressed. Most countries resort to adopting the traditional methods of dealing with this problem like internal and external borrowing; issuing cash; withdrawing from reserves; Etc., as the use of traditional tools is easy to practice and has local effects but can be accompained by the effects of the whole and is not a successful solution, but is to push the problem forward with
negative effects. While Islamic alternative is to finance the deficit using the mechanisms of the Islamic economic system (Islamic instruments with its various and various forms like Murabaha,
partnership, Mudaraba and leasing, etc. It is possible to find solutions to the budget deficit by the multiple aspects of Islamic financing modes, which can be adapted to the need and requirements of the modern era. This research is exposed to the tools of Islamic financing, their advantages which the researchers believes that it outperforms the traditional counterparts.The research refer to the case of Iraq dificit and how to use Islamic financial tools to manage it.The research also included some conclusions and recommendations.
القواعد الاّمرة في المواثيق والعهود الدولية وهدف حماية حقوق الأنسان
Authors: براهيم عبدالامير
Published: October 2020

The notion of jus cogens in international law encompasses the notion of peremptory norms in international law. In this regard, a view has been formed that certain overriding principles of
international law exist which form “a body of jus cogens ”.These principles are those from which it is accepted that no State may derogate by way of treaty.As a result they are generally interpreted as restricting the freedom of States to contract while ‘voiding’ treaties treaties whose object conflicts with norms which have been identified as peremptory. Not only are the rules of the United Nations Charter contained, but they are also enshrined in other international conventions and covenants whose purposes are the rule of international legality and the implementation of the fundamental human rights and political and economic rights guaranteed by the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, And the Convention against Torture, as well as the provisions and advisory opinions of the international judiciary, which confirmed the existence of rules of origin from their customary and customary sources.
Issues Facing Citizens In Iraq Towards Adoption Of E-Government
Authors: Jameel Alaa
Published: October 2020

Developing countries have established promising e-Government initiatives with the objectives of enhancing the accessibility of government services and information for their citizens. Purpose: This research attempts to explore and investigate the key challenges and Issues that facing e-government adoption and the factors influencing citizen in Iraq. Methodology: The research depended on qualitative approach, the participants comprised undergraduate and postgraduate students at Baghdad university because university students are amongst the adult population for whom the Internet has become part of their daily routine. population of 369, Potential participants for the focus groups were identified from the questionnaire survey. Finding: The findings show that Trust and Awareness significant and direct relationship with adoption of e-government in Iraq. Corruption was found to have significant and negative relationship with the adoption of e- government.
دور المصارف الإسلامية في تمويل المشروعات متناهية الصغيرلتحقيق
التنمية المستدامة
دراسة حاله في العراق
Authors: Shaker Anas , Thabit Thabit
Published: October 2020

Micro-projects add value to the economy of the country by creating jobs, enhancing purchasing power and reducing costs. It is a tool for planning the participation of individuals in the economic environment. Islamic banks play a major role in promoting these projects through financing. The research aims to identify the determinants of the relationship between Islamic banks and micro-projects, and the role of these banks in the sustainable development of micro-projects. This research provides readings of the theoretical background of the concept of
financing micro-projects and means of application in the Iraqi market in coordination with Islamic banks to achieve sustainable development. The researchers rely on the descriptive approach in comparing the benefits of the relationship between Islamic banks and micro-project and their role in achieving sustainable development, and developing new financing methods.The researchers conclude several results, the most important one is that the relationship between Islamic banks and micro-projects can make a positive difference for the beneficiaries by increasing the per capita income, in addition to increase the individual's sense of belonging to the surrounding environment. On the other hand, the profits of Islamic banks can be increased by reducing the risk of financing by fragmentation and thus reducing the expected losses and increasing the opportunities for financial investment and entering financial returns to the Iraqi economy, which suffers from a deficit due to lower oil prices internationally, and encouraging citizens in Iraq to invest their funds inside Iraq. Micro-projects provide a bright image of social responsibility that can be provided by Islamic banks in Iraq.
التصديق الإلكتروني وأهميتة في تطوير المدن
والمجتمعات إلى مدن ومجتمعات ذكية
Authors: Faaeq Munadil , Faisal Mohammed
Published: October 2020

Electronic services are an expanding field as long as the human being employs the machine and technology to serve it. Currently, during the technological revolution, electronic services expand
and diversify with the variety and variety of needs. Electronic public services are not easy to define and determine. Electronic-Judiciary and, in particular, electronic certification is one of the
most important services that must be available and supported in smart communities, in both developed and developing countries alike. E-Judiciary is one of the most important modern fields
in the field of smart societies. Electronic certification is one of the fundamental applications in the field of E-Judiciary. Therefore, by using electronic certification, the data will be more secure and
accurate than the old way (traditional way). Moreover, electronic certification reduces the transection time, effort and cost on the one hand and tries to develop the services provided in light
of the continuous technological progress from the other hand.
دور منظمات المجتمع المدني في
التمكين الاقتصادي للمرأة
دراسة حالة مؤسسة سارة للتدريب والتوظيف
Authors: العكيدي سوسن , الجبوري نسرين
Published: October 2020

The research aims to studying and diagnosing the role of civil society organizations in developing women's skills and economic empowerment in Kirkuk Governorate. The study was based on studying and diagnosing the status of the Sara Training and Employment Establishment, which is concerned with training and employment, which seeks to develop women's skills and abilities, The project owner obtains sufficient material returns to enable her to become economically independent. Moreover, these projects enable her owners to organize and manage the work directly and in a manner that ensures that they do not conflict with their family responsibilities. The research reached a number of conclusions To build a number of proposals that we hope will be useful to the studied organization and other civil society organizations that are interested in the same activity and have the same orientation and track.
الدور الريادي للقيادات الادارية في تعزيز التنمية المستدامة – دراسة استطلاعية لعدد من الكليات في جامعتي كركوك وتكريت
Authors: الهاشمي شيماء , الجبوري جمال
Published: October 2020

As a result of the uncertainties in the environment of contemporary organizations and the intensification of the competitive environment in them, and the correlation with the diversity and increasing aspirations and expectations of the beneficiaries of the outputs of the organization on the other hand to become the leading role of the administrative leaders the most appropriate approach to achieve the objectives of those parties benefiting from the existence of the Organization and promote sustainable development On the other hand, the aim of the research is to identify the nature of the leading role of the higher leaders in promoting the sustainable development of a number of faculties of the Universities of Kirkuk and Tikrit, through the use of
the survey methodology to collect data, The study concludes with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the adoption of senior leaders in the field concerned with the concept
of entrepreneurship by providing the basic elements of this concept as well as identifying the positive aspects that promote sustainable development and address negative situations. Which
hinder their access.
الاستثمار لرأس المال البشري ومسار مستقبل الصناعة المصرفية في اقليم كوردستان دراسة تحليلية لعينة من العاملين في المصارف
Authors: Noori Mudhaffar
Published: October 2020

The study dealt with the analysis of the reality of the cultural values of human capital and technology factor, and to know the reality of the future of the banking industry in the Kurdistan
Region. The banks in Kurdistan Region today face a great challenge. They work in a complex, volatile and rapidly changing economic, political and social environment. This environment is characterized by strong competition, openness, rapid developments, globalization, free market economies and the emergence of competitive advantage based on the effective administrative model. The basic theme that characterizes the environment today is the stability of one variable, variation. If banks want to live in such an environment, they must to have the basic fundamentals that enable them to grow, continue, and survive from the fact that banks do not live in a vacuum, but that they form an integral whole with their human capital and affect each other. Because of the resulting changes inthe contemporary banking environment, which are essentially based on the human capital component that represents their infrastructure. The banks should move to increase the dependence on individuals working in the first place. The population of this study consists of administrators and employees in the governorates of Erbil
and Dohuk governorates. The number of sample members is estimated at (90) individuals. The questionnaire was distributed on this sample and it was retrieved. The number of valid forms of
statistical analysis was (65) Analyzed by using the appropriate statistical tools. The sample was characterized according to the data provided by its members by answering the questionnaire.
الأزمة المالية العالمية , اسبابها وأثارها في اقتصاديات الدول النامية
Authors: الطائي هند
Published: October 2020

The issue of the global financial crisis that hit the world economy since August 2007 was one of the worst economic crises after the Great Depression of 1929. This crisis was not the result of the
moment, but the most important of which is the negative impact of the Asian financial crisis in 1997 and the crisis of the information technology sector in 2000, This crisis has caused the rest of the world due to interdependence. The recurrence of financial crises in developing countries is a worrying phenomenon that has threatened the economic and political stability of the countries concerned. The global economy is currently facing a real financial crisis that has hit the economies of developed and developing countries alike, starting in 2008 and emerging in 2008.
The American financial crisis reflected on most of the economies of the world so that it became implicated in the global financial crisis. As the Arab countries are part of the global economic
system, they will be negatively affected by this crisis. It is certain that the degree of their influencevaries among the Arab countries according to their degree of integration and integration into the
global economy. Therefore, stepping out of them requires the intensification of the international efforts to review the international monetary system, giving all countries the full economic and political freedom to choose to link their currencies to an internationally agreed basket of currencies . The researcher tried here to explain how the global financial crisis has an impact on the economies of developing countries. The research section is divided into three sections. The first topic dealt with the global financial crisis in terms of concept, definition, characteristics and what types. The second topic dealt with the causes of the financial crisis and what are the positive and negative effects And the third topic dealt with the effects of the global financial crisis in the economies of developing countries, and concluded the research with a set of conclusions and recommendations
الاقتصاد المعرفي : رؤية استراتيجية مقترحة للإصلاح الاقتصادي الشامل في العراق
Authors: عبدالله حاتم , فخري سامر
Published: October 2020

The study explores the study of the economic reform paths in Iraq after 2003, in which many options and various methods of economic reform were presented. The Iraqi government adopted
some of them in the hope of facing the challenges of the Iraqi economy, but these methods and options have traditional. so the problem of research is based on two main points:1. The multiplicity of economic reform options led to the dispersion of the visions and efforts of economic decision makers. 2. Joining the global economy requires adopting a new economic philosophy that is compatible with what exists in the outside world. The research found that the multiplicity and divergence of the proposed economic reform policies put economic decision makers in front of difficult choices due to the lack of a clear
development program with its time limits for the advancement of economic sectors. However, the adoption of the knowledge economy approach has become a strategic necessity for comprehensive economic reform in Iraq because of its interest in intellectual capital Which is the basis of the comprehensive reform process. Therefore, it is proposed to explore the possibility of implementing the knowledge economy approach as one of the basic and strategic options for the comprehensive economic reform process.
الحماية القانونية للنازحين في ظل القانون الدولي الانساني
Authors: ابراهبم احمد
Published: October 2020

Although there is no special agreement for displaced persons, as in the case of refugees, they are protected under their national laws and human rights laws and are protected according to
the rules of international humanitarian law during armed conflict as determined by the Geneva Conventions of 1949. The search for displaced persons' rights should not be limited to relevant conventions, since many of the rights of displaced persons will be found in the basic human rights conventions to which the displaced person should first benefit before being displaced. The status of displacement does not conceal the rights of the displaced as a human being, but should add to it new rights
arising from the conditions that have arisen and the importance of this issue is greater. National authorities are unable or unwilling to fulfill their obligations, as well as the protection of the
rights of refugees and the obligations of States provided for in the provisions of the International Refugee Convention Of 1951, which include assistance in the provision of food, adequate shelter,
health care and education, the right to asylum, the provision of travel documents, the provision of refugees, the guarantee of fundamental human rights and the facilitation of voluntary durable solutions of repatriation Or integration into host societies, making international protection a necessity. International law underlines that civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights should be exercised without discrimination on grounds such as "national or social origin, property or other grounds." States must also eliminate any form of discrimination. Economic, social and cultural rights to ensure the progressive realization of economic, social and cultural rights and to
the maximum extent of the resources available (for the State party).
حماية الأقليات في ظل دستور العراق لسنة 2005 النافذ
Authors: محمد عكاب
Published: October 2020

The issue of minorities is of great importance in the countries of the world, especially those with populations of multiple nationalities. This issue has dimensions that are at the heart of the security and stability of States. The issue of minorities being subjected to oppression has become a matter of fact, which has made minority protection an important issue. The danger of
narrowing the minority is that it weakens its belonging to the country in which it lives and resorts to neighboring countries with a geographical reach to the minority, feeding it separatism. Many minorities have ties and extensions that transcend the internal sphere of the State by virtue of their ethnic, linguistic or religious affiliation with other countries of similar characteristics, and the importance of the topic is that the lack of protection of minorities in the State would allow for external intervention under the pretext of defending minorities. Iraq is one of the countries with multiple nationalities, religions and sects, which requires us to study the subject of a large building. The Constitution of Iraq came into force in 2005 and contains many texts that provide protection to minorities, not to mention judicial protection of minorities in this field
التغيرات البنيوية في الاقتصاد العراقي
Authors: عبد عبد الكريم
Published: October 2020

Any country that is trying to achieve basic economic goals in the forefront of growth and stability and full employment. Economic growth must include quantitative, qualitative and sustained changes in macroeconomic structure over several decades. Because Iraq has enormous human and natural resources, foremost of which is oil, the Iraqi economy has not undergone significant qualitative and quantitative changes in favor of
economic growth as a strategic objective, but in a single economy that relies heavily on oil resources.In order to examine the changes in the structure of the Iraqi economy, these changes in the structure of the population were examined from a biological and a literal point of view. Structural changes were also examined in the sectoral distribution of the GDP, the sectoral distribution of the labor force and the structural changes in foreign trade.
Changes in population structure were not positive and did not contribute to the desired economic growth. The sectoral distribution of GDP and the sectoral distribution of the labor
force was also not positive for achieving major economic objectives. The analysis of changes in the structure of foreign trade, resource use and the structure of aggregate demand in the
Iraqi economy shows a decline in the contribution of capital formation in GDP, which is the main driver of economic growth against the growth of the share of total consumption and
private sector exports excluding the oil sector.The study concluded that the imbalance in the structure of the Iraqi economy has continued as a result of a number of problems that began in the 1980s as a result of the war with Iran and the ensuing economic siege throughout the 1990s, as well as the instability of the security and political situation since 2003.
خسائر المنتجات النفطية في ظل احتلال داعش
Authors: الجبوري مجاد
Published: October 2020

Due to the ISIS criminal gangs’ occupation of North Refineries Company, it went under sever destruction (destruction was up to 80% in some refineries,) starting from human and infrastructure losses, up to oil produced. This study has dealt with the loss of oil products only, because of ISIS Criminal gangs’ occupation of refiners and stolen all the oil products from it. The North Refinery Company includes - six refineries in Baiji refinery complex - and other five external refineries in several governorates. The total production capacity of the North Refinery Company reached 412,000 barrels per day, and the actual production of the refineries 326,650 barrels per day. The ISIS gangs theft the oil products which stored in refineries where
the value of oil products sales reached (156) billion Iraqi Dinars (IQD). Since the Oil Products which are produced by the company are for domestic or export consumption as reported in this research, the quantities of production were considered as daily
sales. Where the value of oil products sales reached ( 14,350 ) billion IQD per day. Here, the magnitude of the disaster is evident in the losses of oil products. The figure above represents the financial losses for one day only. The research showed the volume of these losses, that lasted for more than three years and are still ongoing. To compensate the shortage due to the occupation of the refineries and lack of production,the Ministry of Oil imported oil products [from international market] to meet the shortfall in
domestic consumption; given that the import price is more than double the price of local products. So, this can be considered as an added loss to the losses of oil products calculated in this research.
"الحماية المدنية لحق المؤلف في اطار البيئة الرقمية "دراسة تحليلية في القانون العراقي
Authors: محمود محمود
Published: October 2020

The extensive technological developments have imposed a new reality to be dealt with particularly in the fields of modern communications, like the Internet. According and encounter then legally rights of individuals have been in fringed more particularly, the right of authors in the Framework of the Digital Environment. As it is known that electronic publishing has achieved many advantages as the easiness in publishing and the fast spread
around the world decreasing of the value of publishing costs when compared with the traditional publishing. In spite of that, the electronic publishing has contributed to decreasing
the legal protection granted for the authors in the framework digital environment due to the emergence of technical measures that nullify all the means of protecting author’s literature.
For this reason, it is necessary to make a study concerned with evaluating the civil protection for the published literature in the framework of the digital environment, in the law of protection the right of Iraqi author through an analytical study which aims at investigating: the effectiveness of the machinery taken in order to protect the right of the Iraqi authors by dealing with the protection, on the one hand, and the civil means available to protect the published literature in the digital environment, on the other.
دور القيادة الأدارية في تغير وتطوير الموارد البشرية في العراق
Authors: احمد احمد
Published: October 2020

The interesting with human recourses is consider as the one of the most important target for the business organizations. In addition of depending of these organizations (government or private) in its scientific progress on its human wealth that represent one of the main success gates and owning competitive advantage in business field, so the aim of human resources development to enhance the employers throughout provide them with new skills and knowledgement by adopting the most effective ways to facing the present and future challenges Leavers. Here are the highlights of role of administrative leadership is important in today's world because it motivates and directs to the most important resource, which is the human
resource, which drives it towards the right direction and the desired goal. The existence of a leadership that believes in change and renewal is one of the most important pillars upon
which the creative organizations are based. To create a climate that affects the creative behavior of the employees of the organization and makes them more self-confident, and the
absence of such leaders in organizations will lose the latter ability to innovation and change and adaptation, which is an important tool to deal with the new environmental changes.
The contribution of the administrative leaders in creating a climate of adaptation and renewal of the employees, lead to the result of the dissemination of organizational awareness
calling for participation and the transfer of ideas and the establishment of systems of communication between different levels that are characterized by ease and smooth in the
movement Leavers a clear sign in the progress in various fields witnessed by Iraqi organizations today
The Explication of Loyalty and Disloyalty in Farrokhzad’s
"Captive"
Authors: Muhammed Saman , Hasan Mariwan
Published: October 2020

Love relation, betrayal, and disloyalty are determined parts of the motifs of human's life and are regarded as social issues in human relations. In confrontation of the genders among the majority of people, the most evident affirmation is active yearning for friendship. Love is the sole standing where individuals may find an authentic understanding of themselves and join different individuals. Love is both disappointing and relieving. It is a powerful force that conforms to its novel standards and reveals its messages in people's wishes and behavioural illustrations. Unfaithfulness is portrayed as the establishment of sexual relations between two individuals from backwards sex outside the family relations that starts with bad form, and its critical motivation is enjoyment. Developing these relations is improbable without doubt to telling deception. Thus, the present paper looks at the poet's perspective about these two sections: loyalty and disloyalty - through separating some of her pieces in this social occasion and seeks to substitute some parts of these subjects
The Green Marketing Orientation & Environment Friendly
Products Green Plastic bag in Sudan
Authors: ELEMEEN FIKRE
Published: October 2020

Intertextuality is a controversial modern linguistic term which has raised unsettled debates about writers' creativity and ideas ownership. The present paper is a literary linguistic study that
hands over a substantial deliberation on the debated subject. The study is launched by an introduction to correlated topics including definitions, types, mechanisms, techniques, and arguments about intertextuality. Then, comprehensive deliberations and detailed analysis of mythical intertextuality in Milton's "Lycidas" are introduced. The paper has come up with a
conclusion that the author is never dead since the text is alive and no longer a "once upon a time" narration but rather a living seed endlessly gives birth of current associations and predicts of
future prospects. It has been also reached to a sort of agreement with Kristevain her confirmation on the productivity of intertextuality.