bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of dairy productivity of Holstein heifers depending on their genetic potential
Authors: Akhmetov Tahir M. , Safina Natalia Yu. , Shakirov Shamil K.
Published: February 2020

The study presents the results obtained in DNA testing of allelic polymorphism by PCR-RFLP based methods for the leptin and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase genes and the interaction of their complex genotypes on the milk productivity indicators of Holstein heifers of Tatarstan population. The study was carried out among 471 Holstein cow-heifers by Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2016–2018. All complex LEP/SCD1 genotypes were identified through the study. The maximum frequency was observed in the combination of heterozygous genotypes LEPTCSCD1TC 149 animals (31.5 %). Milk productivity test, based on the complex genotypes LEP and SCD1, showed that a significantly high level of productivity for 305 days of lactation was 7314.4 kg, and in heifers with a complex genotype LEPTTSCD1CC was minimal (6337.4 kg) in comparison with indicators of milk yield of heifers with other complex genotypes. According to the content of the mass fraction of fat, reliably the best indicators were established in a subpopulation of animals with a complex TT/TC genotype 3.87 %. The content of the mass fraction of protein was maximal for animals with a complex CC/CC genotype.
Dependence of fat acidity value on wheat grain storage conditions
Authors: Kechkin I. A. , Ermolaev V. A. , Ivanov M. V. , Romanenko A. I. , Gurkovskaya E. A.
Published: February 2020

The article presents the dependence of the fat acidity value (FAV) on the values of humidity and temperature, the relationship between the storage duration for wheat grain and FAV. To establish the expiration date of wheat grain during long-term storage, the author of the article considered the fat acid value (FAV) in mg of KOH. Storage temperature and relative air humidity in a desiccator affect the change (growth) of fat acidity value. The greatest changes occurred at 6th, 7th and 8th months of storage at a relative air humidity of more than 65 % and temperatures above 20 °C. At a storage temperature of 10 °C, in all cases the growth of FAV remained insignificant and was within the limits of determination accuracy. It is noted that when the relative humidity was below 60 %, while the temperature was the same as in the previous case, the FAV of wheat grain was practically unchanged through the 6-month storage period.
The perspectives of wine industry development in the Samara region
Authors: Bakharev V.V. , Chaldaev P.A. , Malishkin S.S. , Zenkova D.V. , Feoktistov P.A. , Bykov D.E.
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the perspectives of wine industry development in the Samara region. It represents a 5-year (2014–2018) assessment of quality indicators involving 16 commercial varieties of grape, cultivated in the Samara region. The grape quality was assessed based on physical and chemical indicators of stum and dry table wine. The research showed significant fluctuations in physical and chemical indicators depending on the year, connected with unstable climatic conditions of growing. The data obtained after the analysis of stum and wine shows that climatic conditions in the Samara region allow for growing and processing not only early and early to medium varieties but also obtaining good results for medium and medium-late grape. The research shows that the development of the wine industry in the Samara region looks promising with the application of special techniques.
Development of liver pate technology using pea meal
Authors: Tsareva N.I. , Bychkova T. S. , Artemova E.N. , Kozlova V. A. , Rogacheva Y. V.
Published: February 2020

The article provides justification for the use of pea meal in the technology of liver pate. The article presents the research results of emulsifying ability of pea meal in terms of its use in the pate technology. It was established, that dry thermal treatment and SHF thermal treatment of pea affect negatively its emulsifying ability. According to the data obtained, the hydrothermal method of pea meal processing before adding it to pate mass was chosen. The authors evaluate the fractional composition of emulsion of the model system liver: pea mass. On the basis of the data obtained, a pate producing technology employing pea meal has been developed. Rheological and organoleptic surveys of the produced specimens are conducted. It is proved that new types of pate surpass the control sample in a number of indicators: the content of animal fat is reduced, the share of vegetable protein, the content of cellulose, potassium, calcium and magnesium are increased.
Cycle-oriented approach to building a model of production costs
Authors: Polikarpova Elena P. , Mizikovskiy Igor E.
Published: February 2020

Modern science and practice does not have a sufficient set of cost management tools, taking into account the duration of the production cycle, characteristic of agricultural activity. The implementation of a cycle-oriented approach to building a model of production costs was based on studying the existing options for classifying production costs, which were supplemented with features from the perspective of managing long production cycles. As a result of the study, a model of production costs was built from the point of view of a cycle-oriented approach, as well as a model of production costs from the standpoint of features of a long production cycle. The model can serve as the basis for the formation of the information space of cost management, control and cost analysis in the economy of agricultural enterprises.
Modeling of sod-podzolic soil fertility indicators optimization in the course of a field experiment
Authors: Ilves Alexander , Smolina Lyudmila , Danilov Dmitry
Published: February 2020

The formation of primary experimental material was carried out in the form of production seeding and field experiments. Among a large number of indicators assessing certain parameters of soil fertility from the point of view of fertility reproduction, stable characteristics determining agronomic soil value are of the highest importance For sod-podzolic soils, such characteristics are the granulometric composition, the content of organic matter and available forms of mineral nutrition elements, the acidity level. The impact on these indicators determines the effectiveness of soil improvement measures. Based on the generalization of experimental data, on the mathematical and statistical methods, the optimal parameters of these properties for specific crops were determined. To improve and manage soil fertility, it is also necessary to further develop special regulations related to soil enrichment with elements aimed at mineral nutrition of plants and humus. There are complex relationships between the doses of fertilizers and the specific accumulation of the relevant substances, which should be studied in special experiments.
Prospects for the development of the Russian system of agricultural consulting under the conditions of the digital transformation of agrarian economy
Authors: Osovin Maxim , Kadomtseva Marina
Published: February 2020

In terms of macroeconomic and geopolitical instability, in order to increase the competitiveness of agro-food complex of the Russian Federation in world food markets, a scientifically based choice of institutional solutions is required to increase innovative activity in the agricultural sector and to ensure the transfer of technologies used in industries related to agriculture. A generalization of Russian and foreign practice of agricultural consulting showed that at the present stage of economic development, this institution should be considered as a center for the innovation spread, stimulating agricultural producers to constant increasing of their competencies in high technology. The comparison of the obtained and expected economic effect of the innovative activities of regional agricultural advisory services revealed that a flexible policy of budget co-financing contributes to an increase in the quality of services, and in the professionalism of consultants and their communication skills. It is concluded that the promising tasks of the Russian agricultural consulting system are the selection of optimal options for technical and technological support of production for small and medium-sized businesses; formation of packages of orders for the most popular applied research; popularization of precision and organic farming methods; participation in the development and implementation of sustainable rural development programs.
Effectiveness of the use of complex biological and mineral compounds in alimentary osteodystrophy of lactating cows
Authors: Savinkov Aleksey , Lapteva Alena , Meshcheryakov Alexander , Semenenko Marina , Kuzminova Elena
Published: February 2020

According to the data of Samara Veterinary Laboratory, in serum of cattle in 40.7 % of studied samples the calcium indicators have low values while increasing the level of inorganic phosphorus by 18.2 %, which indicates a significant prevalence and severe form of nutritional osteodystrophy in animals of the examined farms. The therapeutic use of a protein-mineral additive based on yeast autolysate, fodder bentonite, mono calcium phosphate and chalk in the general complex of therapeutic measures for alimentary osteodystrophy of lactating cows stimulates mineral metabolism, normalizing the calcium-phosphorus ratio, and has a positive effect on the milk productivity, increasing milk yield by 41.9 %. The preparation helps to stimulate hemoand erythropoiesis and has an anti-toxic effect on liver. The use of the additive allows increasing the economic efficiency of milk productivity during alimentary osteodystrophy of cows by 11.2 %.
Soil tillage energy efficiency increase
Authors: Petrov Alexander , Saveliev Yuri , Ishkin Pavel , Petrov Mikhail
Published: February 2020

Tillage energy efficiency increase is one of the important tasks in improving the profitability and sustainability of agricultural production. The paper proposes to increase cultivation energy efficiency due to the use of traction-drive tilling implement with active working bodies, not creating a high traction resistance and not requiring a large towing weight of aggregated tractor. The analysis of the energy efficiency of soil cultivation using traction-driven tilling implements with active working bodies has been carried out, and theoretical dependences of the coefficient of efficiency of a traction-driven machine-tractor unit has been obtained. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of the unit by reducing slipping of the tractor wheels and losses on rolling of the unit has been determined, which has been achieved by transferring part of the power through the power take-off shaft (PTO) of tractor to the drive working bodies of tilling implement, which compensate for traction resistance of the implement and create a pushing force, reducing the resistance to rolling.
Preclinical examination of complex antimicrobial preparation for treating endometritis in cows
Authors: Koba Igor , Shantyz Azamat , Novicova Elena , Odeh Abdl-mu’tee Omar , Daytlov Nikita
Published: February 2020

According to a statistical study an average of 40 % of infertile animals have obstetric and gynecological pathologies. Among obstetric and gynecological pathologies, the most common is an acute postpartum endometritis, which make up from 37.8 to 41 %. Therapy and Pharmacology department of the Kuban State Agrarian University has developed a drug for the cows postpartum endometritis treatment. Conducted preclinical tests prove its harmlessness, as a result of which it belongs to hazard class 4. It should be noted that the biochemical blood parameters of rats in the experiment do not go beyond the reference values. The drug has a pronounced antimicrobial effect. MBC is from 7.8 mg to 31.2 mg while MIC is from 31.2 to 62.5 mg for such strains as S. aureus, E. coli, St. xylosus, Ps. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris. The developed drug does not have an irritating and sensitizing effect and exhibits a regenerative effect. Conducted experiments on the wound healing effect of the drug prove that this drug has a high regenerative effect. The average wound healing area was 20.4 % per day.
Technology of functional bread using sorghum flour
Authors: Temnikova Olga , Rudenko Elena , Mukovnina Galina , Ruzyanova Anna
Published: February 2020

The production of functional bread is considered in this paper. It is suggested to make bread using mix of wheat and sorghum flour. Mathematical modeling of experiment in order to calculate the optimal dosage of sorghum flour in the recipe was carried out. It was established that introduction of sorghum flour allows decreasing the amount of sugar in the recipes. The determination of physical-chemical properties of bread samples was conducted. Acidity, wet content and porosity of bread samples were determined. Obtained bread can be classified as functional because the portion of the bread contains more than 15 % of magnesium, manganese and silicon daily intake.
Experience of biotechnology method applications in meat processing industry
Authors: Danyliv Maksim M. , Vasilenko Olga A. , Ozherelyeva Olga N. , Stanislavskaya Ekaterina B.
Published: February 2020

Nowadays one of the main regulatory documents governing the future of food production in Russia is the “Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation” formulated in order to implement the state economic policy in the field of ensuring food security of the Russian Federation, aimed at reliable provision of the country’s population with food products, the development of domestic agricultural and fishery complexes. In the past 40 years, the use of nano- and biotechnologies in the processing of animal and fish raw materials has been widely developed. A large number of scientific studies are aimed at biotechnology method applications in the production of meat products, in particular the use of enzyme proteolytic preparations. The aim of the research presented in this article was to study the dynamics of the hydrolysis of water-, saltand alkali-soluble fractions of low-grade beef and lamb proteins with Megaterin, an enzyme preparation of animal origin. The fulfilled studies allow more precise approach to the use of enzyme preparations for the processing of basic raw materials by the meat industry.
Features of coat color and markings and impact of dun factor on Vyatka horse breed
Authors: Belousova Natalia F. , Bass Svetlana P. , Zinoveva Svetlana A. , Kozlov Sergei A. , Markin Sergei S.
Published: February 2020

The predominant coat colors in Vyatka horse breed are bay-brown (69.6 %) and mousey (20.8 %). Among the genotyped livestock, three genotypes of the base bay coat color (EE/AA, EE/Aa, Ee/AA) and two genotypes of the base solid blackcock (EE/a/a, Ee/aa) have been detected. The proportion of horses with Cr allele is 2.1 %. In Vyatka horse breed, three isabelline-brown horses (Cr/Cr) have been recorded and the presence of W20n allele was detected. Among the horses genotyped, 35.5 % are DD homozygous, 61.3 % are heterozygous (Dd1, Dd2), 3.2 % have the nd2/nd2 genotype. Allele d2 against the background of D does not always cause the presence of “wild” markings, unlike D/D. The influence of Dun-factor on the depigmentation area has not been detected. 39.9 % of horses have white markings (including 30 % of stallions), which are mainly facial markings (59.8 %), less often they are leg markings (21.6 %) or both facial and leg markings (18, 6 %).
Tiamulin fumarat – new makrolide on bovine mastitis therapy in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Kriukova Vera , Kuznechova Nadezda , Gaponova Viktoriya , Sabyrzyanova Lilia
Published: February 2020

Antibiotics nowadays are widely used for the treatment of mastitis in cows, which, along with a positive effect, cause negative consequences to the organism of an animal, can be consumed by people and interacts the cultural qualities of microorganisms However, it is almost impossible to refuse from antibacterial therapy of mastitis with chemotherapy drugs. And the variety range of chemotherapy drugs for mastitis therapy today is very wide. Since we conduct monitoring devoted to full characteristics of the strains of Streptococcus spp., isolated from bovine mastitis milk of the geographical zone of Leningrad region, Russia. That is, we analyses received data on the cultural, microbiological, serological, virulence factors, and sensibility to main used in practice antibiotics and to new ones. Taking into account the already proven resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, the biological industry offers antibacterial drugs based on new active substances for use in the treatment of cow mastitis. In the assay described in this paper, we set a goal-to investigate the antibacterial effect of tiamulin fumarat to clinical isolates of streptococci received from milk of cows with mastitis, and to determine its clinical efficacy on cows with mastitis of the bacteriological etiology
Use of irrigation in early potatoes cultivation in the Moscow region
Authors: Gasparyan Irina , Dyikanova Marina , Levshin Alexander , Sudenko Basil , Ivashova Olga
Published: February 2020

Early potatoes are mainly used for food. In tubers varieties early term maturation contains less starch, but they differ a good taste. Getting the potato harvest in the early days, when the range of domestic vegetables is not large is very important and can compete with imports. Potatoes have increased requirements for soil moisture. The transpiration coefficient of potatoes varies depending on meteorological factors, agro-technical measures, as well as on the varietal properties of the plant itself. Getting the potato harvest in the early days, when the range of domestic vegetables is not large is very important and can compete with imports. Potatoes increased the requirements for soil moisture. The risk of potato cultivation from uneven rainfall distribution during the growing season and from the difference in years can be reduced by using irrigation. Early potatoes, while ensuring all factors manages to give a good harvest on July 15 at harvest 30 July high yield. The use of irrigation can increase yields by 50.0–55.1 % depending on the term of harvesting tubers.
Organic agriculture in the system of the sustainable use of natural resources
Authors: Polushkina Tatiana , Akimova Yulia , Kovalenko Elena , Yakimova Olga
Published: February 2020

World experience indicates that the problems of ensuring sustainable development of agriculture have become an urgent need, therefore, the concepts of traditional technology for cultivating crops should be substantially revised not only from the standpoint of environmental management, but also to improve the economic situation in the industry. Greening of agriculture contributes to natural restoration of soil fertility, maintaining the balance of nature, on which agricultural economy largely depends. A growing quantity of farms in the USA, China, Russia, India, Japan and the EU countries conduct their farming in harmony with nature. The ultimate goals of their activities are ecologically balanced farming, animal husbandry and this agriculture industry technology acts as an alternative to traditional (industrial) farming. Development of organic agriculture involves the search and implementation of new technologies from a science-based position and due to the laws of optimal environmental management. In the article, the authors substantiate the need to enhance introduction of organic farming methods in order to ensure sustainable development and sustainable use of natural resources. Based on the study of foreign agriculture experience, the authors developed a number of key measures for the development of organic agriculture in Russian conditions.
Use of financial instruments to increase the capitalization of agro-industrial complexes
Authors: Chikulaev Roman V.
Published: February 2020

The main characteristics of agricultural production in Russia and around the world are: capital intensity, dependence on natural factors, seasonality and relative instability of markets. These factors lead to increased needs of agro-industrial enterprises and their associations in sufficient sources of financing their own activities. Financial sources should not only be sufficient to ensure the main activity but also to assume some safety margin to overcome the decline in financial stability in cases of low yields, seasonal fluctuations in supply and demand, a sharp deterioration in weather conditions. At the same time, producers of agricultural products, goods and services have low investment attractiveness. This is caused by long payback times, technological complexity, high risks of such activities. As a rule, agricultural producers do not have sufficient financial resources to develop production, and at the same time face difficulties in attracting long-term investment from external sources. In such circumstances, financial instruments can become an important and effective way to ensure financing and increase the capitalization of agro-industrial complexes. Therefore, an important task of the economy and the organization of agricultural production can be recognized as the development of effective mechanisms to attract investment and the formation of their own working capital funds of agricultural producers by issuing and organizing the turn of corresponding financial instruments, including securities.
Labor productivity in digital agriculture
Authors: Subaeva Asiya K. , Nizamutdinov Marat M. , Mavlieva Leysan M. , Kalimullin Marat N.
Published: February 2020

The article provides information on the labor productivity level in the agricultural sector, reveals aspects of innovations in production, analyzes the education level in human resources of rural workers, reveals the prospects for digitalization of the agricultural sector.
Biogenic amines formation and their importance in fermented foods
Authors: Ekici Kamil , Omer Abdullah Khalid
Published: February 2020

Biogenic amines (BAs) are low molecular weight organic bases with an aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic structure which have been found in many foods. biogenic amines have been related with several outbreaks of food-borne intoxication and are very important in public health concern because of their potential toxic effects. The accumulation of biogenic amines in foods is mainly due to the presence of bacteria able to decarboxylate certain amino acids. Biogenic amines are formed when the alpha carboxvl group breaks away from free amino acid precursors. They are colled after the amino acid they originated from. The main biogenic amines producers in foods are Gram positive bacteria and cheese is among the most commonly implicated foods associated with biogenic amines poisoning. The consumption of foods containing high concentrations of biogenic amines has been associated with health hazards and they are used as a quality indicator that shows the degree of spoilage, use of non-hygienic raw material and poor manufacturing practice. Biogenic amines may also be considered as carcinogens because they are able to react with nitrites to form potentially carcinogenic nitrosamines. Generally, biogenic amines in foods can be controlled by strict use of good hygiene in both raw material and manufacturing environments with corresponding inhibition of spoiling microorganisms. The aim of this review was to give some information about biogenic amines in foods.
Consumption as the main element of the reproduction process in agriculture
Authors: Tyapkina Maria
Published: February 2020

One of the criteria for ensuring food security is the consumption of basic food products per capita, which characterizes the level and quality of life. Food consumption is the result of the reproductive process in agriculture. The article discusses the level of self-sufficiency on the materials of the Irkutsk region, is compared with the food security criteria provided for in the Doctrine. All food products, except for potatoes, residents of the Irkutsk region consume significantly less, compared with residents of the Russian Federation. For meat, milk, egg, vegetables, consumption does not meet the rational standards recommended by the Ministry of Health for a healthy diet. A regression model of the relationship between per capita incomes of the country and milk consumption per capita is presented. The mismatch between the excessive content of fat in food, potatoes, sugar and bread in the diet and the lack of calorie intake affects the health of the population of the Irkutsk region. It is necessary to achieve the level of production of the main types of high-quality food products, enough to provide the population of the Irkutsk region and reduce food dependence.
Comparative evaluation of the calculated norms of mineral fertilizers interaction effectiveness with various bioagents and adaptogenic preparations on crops cruciferous oilseeds
Authors: Safiollin Faik N. , Nizamov Rustam M. , Panasyuk Michael V. , Suleymanov Salavat R. , Akhmetzyanov Ayrat A.
Published: February 2020

Studies conducted as part of the Federal target program “Research and Development in Priority Directions for the Development of the Russian Science and Technology Complex for 2014–2020”, showed high efficiency of interaction of calculated norms of mineral fertilizers with modern bioagents RECB-50B, RECB-95B and adaptogenic drugs. At the same time, the actual yield of spring rapeseed of the Gedemin variety exceeds the planned one (3 t/ha) by 9.3–12.3 %, respectively, the chemical load on the environment is reduced and the cost of production of oilseeds is reduced.
Screening of phytopathogens and phytopathoges on Chenomeles (CHAENOMELES LINDL.) cultivars
Authors: Fedulova Y. , Kuklina A. , Sorokopudov V. , Sorokopudova O. , Shlapakova S. , Lukashov Y.
Published: February 2020

The pathogenic microflora and entomofauna were studied on the Chaenomeles Lindl. cutivars (Maloideae, Rosaceae). In central Russia, the multi-year systematic monitoring of pathogens and phytophages was carried out on plants Ch. japonica, Ch. cathayensis, Ch. ×superba. Among the identified pathogens, the micromycetes belonging to genera Botrytis, Cytospora, Diplocarpon, Entomosporium, Gloeosporium, Monilia, Neonectria, Penicillium, Pestalotia, Phomopsis, Phyllosticta, Septoria and Sphaeropsis were found to be injurious. With age, the accumulation of infectious background, including viral diseases and the damaging entomofauna was noted in the plantings of fruit crop Chaenomeles. The species composition of phytophages is mainly represented by autochthonous species (polyphages and oligophages), preferring the plants of Rosaceae family. Despite the abundance of species in the phytophage complex, it has a little effect on the decorativeness of Ch. japonica, Ch. cathayensis and Ch. × superba.
Agrotechnical and energy assessment of strip tillage machine in field conditions
Authors: Mudarisov S.G. , Safin H.M. , Farkhutdinov I.M. , Aminov R.I.
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of field studies to determine the quality and energy indicators of a modernized cultivator for strip tillage for industrial crops. An experimental setup with load cells with a nominal value of 30000 N is designed to measure the tractive resistance of the cultivator in the field. The result of the study is to establish the relationship between the cultivator traction resistance on the speed movement at various angles of spherical disks attack and the degree of crumbling on the structural and technological parameters of the cultivator. Various structural and technological parameters of the cultivator are the basis for measuring hectare fuel consumption.
Indicators of genomic evaluation of heifers using European criteria
Authors: Uskova Inna , Traisov Baluash , Baimishev Murat , Baimishev Khamidulla , Vasilev Alexey
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study is improvement of productive and reproductive indices of Holstein animals used in the Russian Federation due to their genomic evaluation using European criteria for this breed. The material for the research was repair heifers in the amount of 20 heads belonging to JSC “Niva” of the Stavropol region of Samara region. The genomic estimation of heifers was carried out in France in order to reveal the degree of the forecast’ reliability of productive, reproductive qualities of heifers. The material for genomic evaluation was taken from the animal’s auricle by puncture. The genomic evaluation revealed that not all heifers correspond to the expected characteristics of their parents’ phenotypic features. The fat and protein content of the milk was positive for all heifers, while the milk content of 7 heifers was negatively correlated. According to the results of genomic evaluation, 3 heifers are classified as excellent, 3 as moderate and 4 as weak heifers. The conducted researches on genomic evaluation of heifers in “Niva” JSC indicate the prospects of its use in selection and breeding work, as further accelerated increase in the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding without the use of progressive methods of evaluation of repair young animals will not allow to increase the productive, native and qualitative parameters of dairy productivity of cows in a short period of time. At present 17 out of 20 genome-appraised heifers have confirmed the results of the conducted researches.
Surface and thickness measurement in the Targetlab of GSI
Authors: Kindler Birgit , Celik Ayik Elif , Hübner Annett , Lommel Bettina , Steiner Jutta , Yakusheva Vera
Published: February 2020

For characterization of targets and foils prepared at the target laboratory as well as for characterization of e.g. degrader or windows of internal customers, different analytical devices are available. Besides a lot of standard equipment, the target laboratory of GSI holds a 3D-measurement system (MicroProf®) equipped with optical sensors for measuring surface parameters as well as total thickness variations contact-free. In the paper the measuring principle including the possibilities and features of the MicroProf®-system are explained and some different applications are shown.
Manufacturing and characterization of targets at IFIN-HH: developing an interdisciplinary body of knowledge
Authors: Mitu Andreea , Florea Nicoleta , Mărginean Nicolae , Mărginean Raluca , Căta-Danil Gheorghe
Published: February 2020

Target manufacturing is one fundamental issue in nuclear physics experiments using accelerators. A variety of targets are required, each having to satisfy specific conditions related to the experimental particularities. In this context, a brief description of the target preparation laboratory developed at IFIN-HH is presented in this paper. To fulfill the specific requirements, the laboratory is endowed with high performance equipment for evaporation-condensation (thermal resistance, e-based systems, sputtering) and cold rolling. During the last years, consistent technological improvements were achieved. Target characteristics, quality and reliability are important for our experiments’ feasibility in the first place, but also for the degree of confidence in the assumed accuracy. Consequently, XRD, AFM, SEM/EDX and RBS analyses are performed in collaboration with specialized departments from our institute and from other research centers.This paper is meant to synthetize our work so far.
Nordhaus–Gaddum type results for connected and total domination
Authors: Khoeilar Rana , Karami Hossein , Chellali Mustapha , Sheikholeslami Seyed Mahmoud , Volkmann Lutz
Published: February 2020

A dominating set of G = (V, E) is a subset S of V such that every vertex in V − S has at least one neighbor in S. A connected dominating set of G is a dominating set whose induced subgraph is connected. The minimum cardinality of a connected dominating set is the connected domination number γc(G). Let δ*(G) = min{δ(G), δ(G̅)}, where G̅ is the complement of G and δ(G) is the minimum vertex degree. In this paper, we improve upon existing results by providing new Nordhaus–Gaddum type results for connected domination. In particular, we show that if G and G̅ are both connected and min{γc(G), γc(G̅)} ≥ 3, then
$ {\gamma }_c(G)+{\gamma }_c(\bar{G})\le 4+({\delta }^{\mathrm{*}}(G)-1)\left(\frac{1}{{\gamma }_c(G)-2}+\frac{1}{{\gamma }_c(\bar{G})-2}\right)$
and
$ {\gamma }_c(G){\gamma }_c(\bar{G})\le 2({\delta }^{\mathrm{*}}(G)-1)\left(\frac{1}{{\gamma }_c(G)-2}+\frac{1}{{\gamma }_c(\bar{G})-2}+\frac{1}{2}\right)+4$
. Moreover, we establish accordingly results for total domination.
Konventionelles SPECT und neue Kamerasysteme – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Nekolla Stephan G.
Published: February 2020

Die Herzperfusionsszintigrafie ist seit Jahrzehnten ein gut etabliertes Verfahren, dass bei guter diagnostischer Genauigkeit ausgesprochen routinetauglich ist. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fasst den aktuellen Stand der Technik und neue methodische Entwicklungen zusammen. Darüber hinaus werden Aspekte der Auswertung, der Strahlenbelastung und neuer Quantifizierungskonzepte betrachtet.
Nuklearmedizinische Bildgebung bei infektiöser Endokarditis und Device-Infektionen
Authors: Lindner Oliver
Published: February 2020

Die infektiöse Endokarditis (IE) stellt eine lebensbedrohende Erkrankung dar. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Zahl kardialer Eingriffe und Implantate steigen die Endokarditisfälle. Die Diagnose der infektiösen Endokarditis ist komplex und wird anhand der Klinik, der Mikrobiologie und der Bildgebung gestellt. Nach einer Überarbeitung der ESC-Leitlinie zur Endokarditis wurden die 18F-FDG-PET-CT und die Leukozyten-SPECT-CT in den diagnostischen Algorithmus der Endokarditis-Diagnostik aufgenommen. Indikationen bestehen beim Verdacht auf eine Protheseninfektion und zusätzlich bei der Suche nach septischen Thrombembolien. Der Benefit der nuklearmedizinischen Diagnostik liegt in einer deutlichen Verringerung der IE-Verdachtsdiagnosen und einer zuverlässigeren Zuordnung in die Kategorien „IE sicher“ bzw. „IE ausgeschlossen“.

Darüber hinaus eignet sich die 18F-FDG-PET-CT für die Diagnostik von Schrittmacherinfektionen, Sondenbeteiligungen und die Entzündungslokalisation bei kardialen Unterstützungssystemen.

Die nuklearmedizinische Bildgebung bei Endokarditis erfordert eine spezielle Patientenvorbereitung und die Kenntnis spezifischer Pitfalls, die sich durch die Absorptionskorrektur und die physiologische Reaktion auf das Fremdkörpermaterial ergeben.
Treatment of Monolateral Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease with Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in 32 Dogs
Authors: Crovace Alberto Maria , Lacitignola Luca , Staffieri Francesco , Francioso Edda , Rossi Giacomo , Crovace Antonio
Published: February 2020

Objective In the present study, we report our results of the use of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) as a minimally invasive treatment for Legg-Calvé-Perthes in dogs.

Study Design In accordance with Ljunggren's scale, inclusion criteria were determined by clinical condition and radiographic features of the disease, resulting in 32 dogs enrolled in this retrospective study from 2007 to 2019. Bone marrow was collected from each dog from the iliac crest and the mononuclear fraction was separated with density gradient centrifugation. The mean number of BMMCs was 104.7 ± 46.5 × 106 cells. The mean BMMC colony-forming units were 71.6 ± 51.9 × 102/mL.

Cells were suspended in fibrin glue before BMMC administration and implanted via transcutaneous injection under computed tomography or radiographic guidance, using a Jamshidi needle inserted through the femoral head and neck.

Results A progressive reduction of pain within 3 weeks after BMMC administration was observed in 28 patients, with gradually increased weight bearing on the affected limb. In four dogs, however, pain and lameness persisted and at 3 months post-BMMC injection, femoral head and neck resection was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were done on samples from those four dogs, which showed evidence of formation of new cartilage and subchondral bone in the area where cells were implanted.

Clinical Significance Based on these results, BMMC therapy may be considered as effective and minimally invasive treatment option for LCPD in dogs.
High-Resolution Ultrasound-Guided Perforator Mapping and Characterization by the Microsurgeon in Lower Limb Reconstruction
Authors: Kehrer Andreas , Heidekrueger Paul I. , Lonic Daniel , Taeger Christian D. , Klein Silvan , Lamby Philipp , Sachanadani Neil S. , Jung Ernst Michael , Prantl Lukas , Batista da Silva Natascha Platz
Published: February 2020

Background Preoperative ultrasound (US)-guided perforator mapping has immensely simplified perforator flap planning. It may be executed by the microsurgeon. Device settings and selection of ultrasound modes are of utmost significance for detection of low-flow microvessels. The following study evaluates different US modes.

Methods A prospective complete data acquisition was performed from July 2018 to June 2019 in a subset of patients who underwent US-guided flap planning. Multifrequency linear transducers were used applying five US modes. Brightness (B)-mode, color flow (CF), power Doppler (PD), pulse wave (PW), and B-flow modes were evaluated regarding applicability by microsurgeons. Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index (RI) were chosen to evaluate flow characteristics. US results were correlated to intraoperative findings.

Results A total number of eight patients (six males and two females) undergoing anterolateral thigh (ALT) or superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap surgery received an extensive standardized US-guided perforator characterization. Qualitative evaluation was performed in B-mode, color-coded duplex sonography (CCDS), PD, and B-flow mode. Quantitative assessment was executed using PW-mode and CCDS measuring the microvessels' diameter (mm) and flow characteristics (PSV, EDV, and RI). CCDS provided a mean diameter of 1.93 mm (range: 1.2–2.8 ± 0.51), a mean systolic peak of 16.9 cm/s (range: 9.9–33.4 ± 7.79), and mean RI of 0.71 (range: 0.55–0.87 ± 0.09) for lower limb perforators. All perforators located with US were verified by intraoperative findings. An optimized, time-effective US mapping algorithm was derived. Qualitative parameters may be evaluated with B-mode, CF, or B-flow. Smallest microvessels may be assessed in PD-mode. Lowering pulse-repetition frequency (PRF)/scale is mandatory to image low-flow microvessels as perforators. Quantitative information may be obtained using PW-mode and the distance-measuring tool in CF-mode. Image and video materials are provided.

Conclusion CCDS proved to be a powerful tool for preoperative perforator characterization when using a structured approach and mapping algorithm. Different techniques may be applied for specific visualizations and performed by the microsurgeon.
Theoretical analysis on the extension of a piezoelectric semi-conductor nanowire: Effects of flexoelectricity and strain gradient
Authors: Zhao MingHao , Liu Xiang , Fan CuiYing , Lu Chunsheng , Wang BingBing
Published: February 2020

One-dimensional piezoelectric semiconductor (PSC) nanowires have been widely used in smart structures and devices; however, few theoretical studies on their nano-size effects have been carried out. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of one-dimensional n-type PSC nanowires under an axial force was carried out, with consideration of the flexoelectric and strain gradient effects. Exact solutions were obtained based on the differential operator theory. The flexoelectric and strain gradient effects on the internal electromechanical field and carrier concentration have been discussed. It can be shown that the flexoelectric effect weakens the piezoelectricity of a PSC nanowire while the strain gradient has the opposite effect, with an amplitude enhancement that is dependent on the flexoelectric and inner scale coefficients.
Large piezoelectricity and high transparency in fine-grained BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Yan Kang , Chen Xinglong , Wang Fangfang , Zhu Kongjun
Published: February 2020

Grain size effect is considered as an important factor for the enhancement of dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the barium titanate (BT) ceramics. In this work, we prepared a dense fine-grained BT ceramic using the hot-press sintering method. This fine-grained BT not only exhibits superior electrical properties with a dielectric permittivity of 7200, piezoelectric coefficient of 420 pC/N, and field-induced electrostrain 0.2% at 30 kV/cm but also possesses high transmittance of 30%–60% over a wide range of wavelength from visible to middle infrared radiation spectrum. By a comparative study with the coarse-grained BT, the fine-grained BT is found to have a slight relaxation property due to its large volume fraction of grain boundaries. The coexistence of the fine domains in small grains and the relaxor regions of grain boundaries is responsible for the synchronous enhancement of electrical and optical properties of the fine-grained BT.
HgTe colloidal quantum dot photodiodes for extended short-wave infrared detection
Authors: Ackerman Matthew M. , Chen Menglu , Guyot-Sionnest Philippe
Published: February 2020

HgTe colloidal quantum dots are investigated as the active material in photodiodes for extended short-wave infrared up to 2.6 μm. The HgTe colloidal quantum dots photodiodes achieve external quantum efficiencies above 50% and specific detectivities of 1 × 1011 at 2.2 μm at room temperature with a microsecond response time and compete with commercial extended InGaAs photodiodes.
Hall voltage reversal and structural phase transition in VO2 thin films
Authors: Feng J. J. , Li C. F. , Luo C. L. , Yang H. , Zhang A. H. , Li Q. , Guo M. , Gao D. , Fan Z. , Chen D. Y. , Qin M. H. , Zeng M. , Gao X. S. , Lin Y. , Lu X. B. , Liu J.–M.
Published: February 2020

In this work, we investigated the nanoscale conduction and charge transport characteristics of epitaxial VO2 thin films around the metal-insulator transition (MIT) using the Hall transport measurement and conduction atomic force microscopy. Unlike the conventional oxides, the VO2 thin films show unique transport characteristics. First, the dominant carrier type shows a critical change from electron to hole during the MIT sequence (cooling sequence) or from hole to electron during the reverse MIT sequence (heating sequence). Second, the carrier density measured during the MIT sequence is higher than that measured during the reverse MIT sequence, evidenced with a clear thermal hysteresis. Third, the volume fraction (area percentage) of the nanoscale high-conduction phase also shows a thermal hysteresis, evidenced with a larger volume fraction of the high-conduction region in the MIT sequence than the reverse MIT sequence. The first-principles calculations indicate that the dominant carrier is the hole in the monoclinic phase, while it is the electron in the rutile phase, suggesting that the unique charge transport characteristics are attributed to the structural phase transition. Our work provides a deep insight into the nanoscale conduction and charge transports in VO2 thin films.
Are universal “anomalous” properties of glasses at low temperatures truly universal?
Authors: Ramos M. A.
Published: February 2020

The specific heat Cp and other properties of glasses (ranging from amorphous solids to disordered crystals) at low temperatures are well known to be markedly different from those in fully-ordered crystals. For decades, this qualitative, and even quantitative, universal behavior of glasses has been thoroughly studied. However, a clear understanding of its origin and microscopic nature, needless to say, a closed theory, is still lacking. To shed light on this matter, I review the situation in this work, mainly by compiling and discussing measured low-temperature Cp data of many glasses and disordered crystals, as well as highlighting a few exceptions to that “universality rule”. Thus, one can see that, in contrast to other low-temperature properties of glasses, the magnitude of the “glassy” Cp excess at low temperature is far from being universal. Even worse, some molecular crystals without a clear sign of disorder exhibit linear coefficients in Cp larger than those found in many amorphous solids, whereas a few of the latter show negligible values.
Universal temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of clathrate compounds, molecular crystals, and glasses at low temperatures
Authors: Korolyuk O. A. , Krivchikov A. I. , Romantsova O. O.
Published: February 2020

A new approach is used to analyze the experimental data on the temperature dependence of low-temperature thermal conductivity κ(T) of some typical disordered complex crystals: clathrate hydrates (tetrahydrofuran, methane, xenon), Sr8Ga16Ge30 and p-type Ba8Ga16Ge30 clathrate compounds, YSZ ceramics, molecular structural glasses of 1-propanol, glycerol and D-ethanol exhibiting glass-like behavior of κ(T), and some representatives of regular complex crystals: tetrahydrofuran clathrate hydrate, n-type Ba8Ga16Ge30 clathrate compound, CsDy(MoO4)2 layered crystal, 1-propanol, and D-ethanol. A universal approach to normalizing low-temperature thermal conductivity is proposed, based on the theoretical model of hybridized Klinger–Kosevich excitations. The low-temperature universal behavior of the thermal conductivity of both crystalline and amorphous solids is shown to be a result of the same phenomenon: the hybridization of acoustic and low-lying optical branches.
The effect of matrices on the low-temperature IR spectra of a formic acid molecule isolated in inert gas crystals
Authors: Stepanian S. G. , Adamowicz L.
Published: February 2020

Using the DFT/M06-2X method, we simulated the structure and vibrational spectra of inert gas (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) clusters with an isolated formic acid molecule. The impact of the matrix environment on the vibrational spectra of formic acid is established. The values of the matrix shifts of the vibrational frequencies predicted by calculations matched those obtained experimentally. We found that the best agreement between the calculated and experimental shifts occurred for clusters with the smallest deformation energy of the inert gas crystal. At the same time, the ratio of the volume of the molecule embedded in the matrix, and the volume of substituted matrix gas atoms, allowed one to determine only the minimum possible size of the matrix site. The calculated and experimental values of the matrix shifts are in good agreement, indicating the computation method matches the actual experimental conditions.
Unusual magnetic phenomena in dynamic torsion studies of fullerene Rb3C60
Authors: Chigvinadze J. , Ashimov S. , Dolbin A. , Mamniashvili G.
Published: February 2020

In dynamic experiments using a highly sensitive torsion technique, the magnetic properties of the doped Rb3C60 single crystal are studied over a wide temperature range. The critical temperature of the superconducting transition Tc, the critical magnetic field Hc1, the pinning forces of both the Abrikosov vortices and the magnetic moments of dipoles at T >> Tc, at which relaxation processes are important, are determined and investigated. It was shown that the structural transition Fm3m-Pa3 at T = 260 K is accompanied by a reformation of the magnetic structure. Both the usual peaks at T ∼ 160–250 K and the not quite ordinary peaks of gigantic absorption of the energy of the oscillations, which shift to room temperature over time, were observed. The phenomenon is discussed in the framework of the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect, taking into account possible orbital and spin ordering. The relaxation processes at room temperatures (T ∼ 300 K) were studied. After many days of exposure (annealing) of fullerene at T ≥ 40 °C, in experiments with cooling from room temperatures, phenomena typical for a superconducting transition with giant pinning and damped oscillations were observed at T ∼ 200 K. The results of studies of magnetic phase transitions at T = 180–200 K in pure fullerite C60 (99.98% Term. Sublimed), which are related to the detected unusual magnetic phenomena in fullerene Rb3C60, are presented.