bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktivitas antimikroba dan potensi penyembuhan luka ekstrak tembelekan (Lantana camara Linn.)
Authors: Edy Hosea Jaya , Parwanto ML Edy
Published: April 2020

Salah satu tanaman yang digunakan secara turun-temurun dalam pengobatan adalah tembelekan (Lantana camara Linn.). L. camara Linn. mempunyai potensi yang besar untuk dikembangkan menjadi bahan baku obat karena jumlahnya yang sangat banyak dan mudah dibudidayakan.

Hasil ekstraksi L. camara Linn. diketahui mengandung alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, steroid, polifenol, tanin. Ekstrak L. camara Linn. juga telah dibuat atau diformulasikan dalam berbagai jenis sediaan farmasi dalam bentuk semisolid seperti salep, krim maupun gel.

Ekstrak methanol daun L. camara Linn. memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli.  Ekstrak daun L. camara Linn. menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, etanol juga memperlihatkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Gram positif (Staphylococcus pyogenesis dan Micrococcus luteus) dan bakteri Gram negatif (Vibrio cholera dan Shigella dysenteriae). Selain itu, sediaan farmasi ekstrak L. camara Linn. juga memperlihatkan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Salmonella typhi, Vibrio alginolyctus dan S. aureus. Aktifitas antifungi dari ekstrak etanol daun L. camara Linn. juga telah diuji terhadap jamur Trichophyton concentricum L. Sediaan farmasi ekstrak  L. camara Linn. juga telah diuji aktifitas penyembuhan luka pada kulit hewan uji.
Calling (Intellectual) BS on Inequality’s Perversion of Alienation
Authors: Brittain James J.
Published: April 2020

The ‘intellectual’ justification of economic inequality as framed through the work of Harry G. Frankfurt is the basis of the following review essay. The target adopts a belief in the practice where the more one repeats a simplistic argument so, too, will such ideas hold the potential weight to be uncritically received. In a demeanour that only one from the insulated armchair of affluence and security provided by the academy can, Frankfurt, less than subtlety, reiterates a claim that an authentic morality would suggest inequality is the most proficient stasis for a given sociality. Challenging such a position, the trajectory of this assessment invokes both Marx’s early conceptualization of estrangement and a Gramscian critique toward the dumbing-down of critical thought alongside academia’s subservient role to political-economic power. Misinformed of the causality of socioeconomic disparity (and impediments to human potential), a review of Marxian thought can shed light on how economic inequality is not centred on a deficiency in subjective perception but rather a structural equation of material relations that have long enabled such a reality to withstand. It is through an insolent exposure of elitist proposition and ill-informed misdirection that those who would distort philosophical thought can be shown for what they are; (unconscious or not) ‘traditional intellectuals’ validating the endurance of capitalist enclosure.
A Phenomenological Study on Parental Perpetrators of Child Identity Theft
Authors: Betz-Hamilton Axton
Published: April 2020

In 2017, more than one million children became identity theft victims. Many perpetrators of child identity theft are parents, but there are limited data on these perpetrators. The purpose of this study was to understand parental perpetrators of child identity theft through the experiences of victims. Using a phenomenological approach, six adult victims of child identity theft engaged in in-depth interviews. Findings revealed perpetrators were perceived to lack guilt, be manipulative of their victim, and concerned about their public image. Victims often utilized a credit report to understand the scope of the identity theft and begin recovery. Federal agencies and creditors were contacted by victims as part of the recovery process, but were perceived as unhelpful. Implications for financial counseling and education are discussed, including the ethical boundaries of financial counselors and educators when working with victims who experience significant mental and/or physical health challenges as a result of the victimization.
SPLEEN TOPOGRAPHY IN AN UPRIGHT BODY POSITION
Authors: Levandrovskaya I. A. , Aseeva I. A. , Pinchuk P. V.
Published: April 2020

The article covers the issues associated with determining spleen topography in living individuals in an up- right body position, as well as assessing the organ displacement during a deep breath and a change in shoulder position. A review of scientific literature revealed that all previous studies on the mechanism underlying spleen injuries are based on the generally accepted topographic location of the organ, which was determined using cadaveric material.Aim. To determine spleen topography (holotopy and skeletopy) in living individuals (both male and female) of different age groups, as well as to assess the organ displacement during a deep breath and when the shoulder position is changed.Material and methods. We conducted spleen ultrasound in adults of various age groups (males and females), 30 of whom were also examined in terms of its displacement when the shoulder position was changed. The position of the organ was noted during quiet and deep breathing, as well as when the shoulder position was changed; distance between the reference points was measured with the subsequent statistical analysis of the results.Results. It was found that the spleen of a quietly breathing person in an upright body position is projected from the lower edge of the 8th left rib to 10th left rib along axillary lines. During a deep breath, the organ is displaced downward, on average by 5.15 ± 1.48 cm (from 3 cm to 8 cm), and slightly, on average by 1.34 ± 1.25 cm, forward (from 1 cm to 4.5 cm). The longitudinal axis of the spleen is perpendicular to that of the rib. Changes in the position of the shoulder in the shoulder joint revealed no spleen displacement.Conclusion. The obtained data on the topographic location of the spleen will allow forensic medical experts to establish as objectively as possible the mechanism underlying spleen damage in terms of locating injurious exposure.
Las políticas de ajuste estructural en Colombia y Venezuela durante los años ochenta y noventa
Authors: Torres Danilo
Published: April 2020

Este artículo considera el proceso histórico de adopción de los programas de estabilización y ajuste estructural en Colombia y Venezuela en la década de los ochenta y principios de los noventa del siglo XX. Este acontecimiento se considera como el resultado de un proceso histórico, que adquiere características particulares en el marco de los procesos de regulación y acumulación capitalista de estos países en el referido periodo. Es un documento de carácter descriptivo, basado parcialmente en las Memorias de Hacienda de algunos ministros de Hacienda colombianos y en informes del Banco Central de Venezuela. Se busca demostrar que, frente a la generalizada idea de homogenizar el análisis de la aplicación de los programas de ajuste en los diferentes países latinoamericanos en este periodo histórico, el examen comparativo permite destacar las diferencias que dichos procesos tuvieron en los países considerados. Por otra parte, se intenta superar la extendida idea de autorreferenciarnos cuando se hace este tipo de análisis. Se conjetura que las divergencias que caracterizaron estas sociedades y sus economías en buena parte del siglo XX, se profundizan por los resultados de estos programas y contribuyen a explicar las discrepancias sociales, económicas y políticas que hoy evidencian Colombia y Venezuela.
Caracterización del trabajo decente en Medellín y otras ciudades principales de Colombia (2010-2018)
Authors: Lopez Mera Silvio Fernando
Published: April 2020

En la última década del siglo XX, la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), teniendo en cuenta las transformaciones, problemáticas, nuevas relaciones y dinámicas que ocurrían en el empleo, propuso una concepción novedosa sobre este: el trabajo decente. A partir de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) del DANE de 2010-2018, de la base RLDatos de riesgos laborales de la Federación de Aseguradores Colombianos (Fasecolda) y del Sistema de Información Sindical y Laboral (Sislab) de la Escuela Nacional Sindical (ENS), el estudio estima el empleo para el agregado nacional, Medellín y otras ciudades principales del país, y una serie de indicadores en el marco de las dimensiones del trabajo decente. Si bien es cierto que según los resultados el país ha avanzado en materia de empleo digno, este ha sido insuficiente. Por lo que todavía falta camino para poder afirmar que el empleo en Colombia es decente. Así mismo, se evidencian diferencias importantes entre territorios.
Pengujian Empiris Pengaruh Ketidakpastian Kebijakan Ekonomi Amerika Serikat Terhadap Dinamika Perekonomian Indonesia
Authors: Suwito Suwito , Santosa Siswoyo Hari , Yunitasari Duwi
Published: April 2020

The global economic uncertainy situation is one of the phenomena that occurs at this time. Erratic economic policies in developed countries have an impact on the economy in developing countries. This study analyzes the influence of uncertainty in US economic policy on the dynamics of the Indonesian economy. Estimates using the Ordinary Least square method are used to determine the relationship between variables. Then the data used in this study began in 1998Q1-2016Q4. The estimation results show that the dynamics of uncertainty in US economic policies have a significant effect on the Indonesian economy. EPU variables, US exchange rates, and have a significant effect on Indonesia's economic growth. This result is proven by the IRF which indicates the response from the EPU fluctuation which was responded to by the GDP variable in Indonesia. These conditions indicate that the uncertainty of the economic policies of the United States affects the performance of the Indonesian economy.
The Effect of Price, Ease of Transaction, Information Quality, Safety, and Trust on Online Purchase Decision
Authors: Akbar Rizqi Maulana Ilham , Sularso Raden Andi , Indraningrat Ketut
Published: April 2020

This research aims to analyze the effect of price, ease of transaction, information quality, safety, and trust on online purchase decision. Applying purposive sampling technique, the sample was students of the Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Jember that consisted of 100 respondents. This study used quantitative data sourced from primary data. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results showed that, both partially and simultaneously, the variables of price, ease, information quality, safety, and trust had a significant positive effect on online purchase decision.
Determinan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Di Indonesia Tahun 2011-2015
Authors: Prihatini Dyan , Wibisono Sunlip , Wilantari Regina Niken
Published: April 2020

Labor absorption is a certain amount of labor that is absorbed and used in a particular business unit to run the production process. The absorption of labor is influenced by the level of investment, and the minimum wage of labor. Determination of the level of wages made by the government in a region will have an influence on the magnitude of the existing unemployment rate. The higher wages set by the government will result in a decrease in the number of people working in the country. This study aims to determine the effect of provincial minimum wages, investment and education levels on employment in Indonesia. The analytical method used in this study is a quantitative analysis method with panel data regression (Pooled Least Squares). The results of the analysis of this study are that the provincial minimum wage, investment and education level variables have a significant positive effect on the employment variable.
EVALUASI JARINGAN DAERAH IRIGASI RAWA PASANG SURUT PALAMBAHEN KABUPATEN PULANG PISAU
Authors: Suciyati Eva
Published: April 2020

Daerah rawa pasang surut yang sebagian besar merupakan lahan gambut yang sering dianggap sebagai lahan marjinal sekarang dianggap sebagai lahan yang mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi lahan pertanian. Daerah Irigasi Rawa (DIR) pasang surut Palambahen di Desa Pangkoh Hulu Kecamatan Pandih Batu Kabupaten Pulang Pisau dengan luas kurang lebih 3.267,30 ha merupakan salah satu DIR pasang surut yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan.Permasalahan yang ada adalah kondisi saluran yang tidak berfungsi dengan baik sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kondisi jaringan dengan melakukan penilaian terhadap kinerja jaringan yang ada sehingga akan diperoleh tindakan yang harus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja jaringan tersebut. Disamping itu juga perlu dikaji tipe satuan lahan serta kesesuaian lahan yang ada pada lokasi tersebut. Penilaian di dapat berdasarkan hasil penilaian pada kondisi saluran, bangunan serta tanggul pelindung. Untuk kajian terhadap kategori satuan lahan (land unit) dan kesesuaian lahan dengan menggunakan Permen PUPR Nomor. 11 tahun 2015 serta Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 79/PERMENTAN/OT.140/8/2013 sebagai acuan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada DIR pasang surut Palambahen diperoleh indeks kondisi jaringan  1,15 dan fungsi jaringan 72,36% yang berarti kinerja jaringan reklamasi rawa pasang surut Palambahen berada pada kelas kategori baik serta rekomendasi penanganan adalah pemeliharaan berkala.Untuk satuan lahan (land unit) DIR pasang surut Palambahen masuk dalam satuan lahan VIII seluas 355,30 ha dan satuan lahan IX seluas 2893,53 ha. Kesesuaian lahan pada DIR pasang surut Palambahen yaitu untuk tanaman padi sawah sesuai (S1) seluas 1.584,57 ha dan cukup sesuai (S2) seluas 1682,73 ha, untuk tanaman padi gogo cukup sesuai (S2) seluas 3.267,30 ha, untuk tanaman palawija sesuai (S1) seluas 415.01 ha, cukup sesuai (S2) seluas 2,145,18 ha dan sesuai marginal (S3) seluas 707,11 ha, dan untuk tanaman tahunan sesuai (S1) seluas 562,47 ha dan cukup sesuai (S2) seluas 2.704,83 ha..
MANAJEMEN TATA RUANG YANG OPTIMAL DENGAN MEMPERHATIKAN KINERJA JALAN A. YANI KM. 33 s.d. KM. 41
Authors: Dauly Mohammad Riza
Published: April 2020

Kota Martapura dan Kota Banjarbaru merupakan dua kutub pertumbuhan yang sedang mengalami perkembangan pesat di wilayah Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Kedua kota ini juga merupakan bagian dari Kawasan Metropolitan Banjar Bakula. Perkembangan yang cepat, mengakibatkan sektor transportasi memiliki posisi yang penting dan strategis. Perkembangan ini menyebabkan turunnya tingkat pelayanan jalan. Turunnya tingkat pelayanan jaringan jalan antara lain diindikasikan dengan penurunan kecepatan operasi kendaraan, kemacetan di kawasan-kawasan tarikan perjalanan. Permasalahan tersebut menyebabkan banyak ruas jalan yang beroperasi dengan kapasitas jauh lebih rendah di bandingkan dengan kapasitas seharusnya, sehingga perlu mencari solusi yang optimal dalam pembangunan infrastruktur transportasi dengan menganalisis komponen ekonomi pembangunan infrastruktur jalan dan memperhatikan fungsi zona di sepanjang Koridor Jalan Jend. A. Yani Km.33 s/d.  Km 41. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis rencana tata ruang, kondisi eksisting kinerja lalulintas pada jaringan Jalan A. Yani Kota Martapura dan Kota Banjarbaru. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis pembobotan (scoring) terhadap alternatif pembangunan infrastruktur transportasi yang dapat meningkatkan kinerja Jalan A. Yani. Tahap berikutnya dilakukan analisis ekonomi dengan memperhatikan komponen-komponen seperti Nilai Waktu, BOK, estimasi komponen biaya konstruksi, NPV dan BCR sehingga didapat solusi pembangunan infrastruktur transportasi yang optimal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, untuk meningkatkan kinerja jaringan jalan pada Jalan A. Yani terpilih sebuah solusi berupa pembangunan infrastruktur jalan tol ruas Banjarmasin (Sungai Lulut) - Martapura. Adapun hasil analisa ekonomi yang ditemukan masing-masing adalah NPV sebesar - Rp.3.406.043.000.000,00; BCR sebesar 0,001.
Dr. Maria Kujawska (1893-1948) – her life story and activities
Authors: Czernik Krystyna
Published: April 2020

Artykuł przedstawia życie i działalność zawodową Marii Kujawskiej (1893-1948), jedynej kobiety uczestniczącej jako lekarz w III Powstaniu Śląskim. Studia lekarskie rozpoczęła we Wrocławiu, kontynuowała w Monachium i Krakowie, a ukończyła w Warszawie. Po zakończeniu III Powstania Śląskiego pracowała w szpitalu, wykładała na kursach pielęgniarskich w Myślenicach i uczestniczyła w działalności jednego z narodowych ugrupowań politycznych oraz w Towarzystwie Polek. Po wybuchu II wojny światowej udało się jej zbiec do Rumunii, a potem do Jugosławii. W Crkvenicy szwajcarska organizacja Pro Polonia zorganizowała ochronkę, w której pracowała pod przybranym nazwiskiem Kujawska. W 1943 roku placówka została przeniesiona na wyspę Krk. Na początku 1944 roku Niemcy zajęli Jugosławię i aresztowali pracowników tej placówki. Kujawska została wywieziona wraz z córkami do niemieckiego obozu koncentracyjnego w Ravensbrück. W 1945 roku, tuż przed wyzwoleniem obozu zdołała z niego uciec. Po zakończeniu II wojny światowej pracowała jako lekarz w Pszczynie i tam zmarła
Da aprendizagem conceitual à orientação temporal: pressupostos e indagações das/às investigações em educação histórica
Authors: De Souza Éder Cristiano
Published: April 2020

Propomos uma problematização sobre os objetivos e finalidades da aprendizagem histórica a partir de duas concepções centrais: a aprendizagem conceitual e a orientação temporal. Tomamos como base teórica os estudos e reflexões da Educação Histórica, especialmente na sua vertente inglesa, bem como as conceituações advindas de estudos da Didática da História na Alemanha. O artigo, em sua primeira parte, visa fundamentar teoricamente essas preocupações, recorrendo a um debate entre os autores de referência para mostrar sua complexidade e profundidade. Na segunda parte apresentamos uma investigação empírica, que permite aprofundar a problemática apresentada. O estudo em questão demonstra como uma aprendizagem de conceitos meta-históricos não necessariamente coaduna com determinados pressupostos, segundo os quais essa qualificação contribuiria para o desenvolvimento de um viés de atuação social mais voltado ao reconhecimento do outro e à valorização de princípios humanistas e democráticos.
História pública e virtualidade: experiências de aprendizagem híbrida no ensino de história
Authors: Bovo Cláudia Regina , Pinheiro Marcos Sorrilha
Published: April 2020

As tecnologias da informação alteraram a maneira como as sociedades organizam e compartilham saberes. De maneira implacável, colocaram em xeque instituições e agentes relacionados à produção e reprodução de conhecimentos, entre elas, a escola e o educador. Ao mesmo tempo, as formas como elaboram e armazenam memórias também sofreram mudanças, acarretando consequências ao historiador, até então, legítimo responsável pela organização da memória. Ciente de tais desafios, este artigo discute o uso de modelos de aprendizagem híbrida em sala de aula e a adoção da noção de história pública como estratégias para mitigar tais impactos na formação dos professores-historiadores. Além disso, apresentaremos algumas experiências desenvolvidas em nossas atividades docentes nas instituições de ensino onde atuamos, Unesp em Franca/SP e Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, em Uberaba/MG.
História e Sociedade: o ensino de história a partir de diferentes dinâmicas sociais
Authors: De Souza Aparecida Darc , Paziani Rodrigo Ribeiro , Morais Sérgio Paulo
Published: April 2020

Apresentação ao dossiê
An Analysis of The Relationship between The Maxillary Molars and The maxillary sinus floor in Adult Patient Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Li Lin , Fu Yifan , Huang Shihui , Lai Ziya , Ge Jianping
Published: April 2020

Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomical relationship between the maxillary molars and the maxillary sinus by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods A database of maxillary molars were obtained from 91 adult patients by means of images of CBCT. The internal angle, the alveolar bone width, and the distance between root apex and the wall of maxillary sinus were measured by CBCT. The vertical relationship between the maxillary molars and the maxillary sinus were analysed. Vertical relationship of the maxillary sinus was further evaluated. Results The value of the internal angle of maxillary third molar is 17.2 ± 11.5°. The width of the alveolar bone of third molar is 8.2 ± 1.7mm. Type III, IV and V were the most common relationship in the first and second molars. Type V and I were most frequently observed in the first and second molars. The inner angle of the second molar is larger than that of the first molar. The maxillary first molar had the smallest mean alveolar bone width, and the third molar had the largest average. Conclusion This study will provide reference for clinical practice, especially for root canal treatment and tooth implants.
Surgical Workflow Simulation for the Design and Assessment of Operating Room Setups in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Neumann Juliane , Angrick Christine , Höhn Celina , Zajonz Dirk , Ghanem Mohamed , Roth Andreas , Neumuth Thomas
Published: April 2020

Background:
The design and internal layout of modern operating rooms (OR) are influencing the surgical team’s collaboration and communication, ergonomics, as well as intraoperative hygiene substantially. Yet, there is no objective method for the assessment and design of operating room setups for different surgical disciplines and intervention types available. The aim of this work is to establish an improved OR setup for common procedures in arthroplasty.
Methods
With the help of computer simulation, a method for the design and assessment of enhanced OR setups was developed. New OR setups were designed, analyzed in a computer simulation environment and evaluated in the actual intraoperative setting. Thereby, a 3D graphical simulation representation enabled the strong involvement of clinical stakeholders in all phases of the design and decision-making process of the new setup alternatives.
Results
The implementation of improved OR setups reduced the instrument handover time between the surgeon and the scrub nurse, the travel paths of the OR team as well as shortened the procedure duration. Additionally, the ergonomics of the OR staff were improved.
Conclusion
The developed simulation method was evaluated in the actual intraoperative setting and proved its benefit for the design and optimization of OR setups for different surgical intervention types. As a clinical result, enhanced setups for total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty surgeries were established in daily clinical routine and the OR efficiency was improved.
Efficacy of high dose versus low dose vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of inflammatory factors and mortality rate in severe traumatic brain injury patients: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Arabi Seyed Mostafa , Sedaghat Alireza , Ehsaei Mohammadreza , Safarian Mohammad , Ranjbar Golnaz , Rezaee Hamid , Rezvani Reza , Tabesh Hamed , Norouzy Abdolreza
Published: April 2020

Background Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most common trauma worldwide and is a leading cause of injury-related death and disability. Inflammation is a major problem among TBL patients which is in association with severity of illness and mortality in brain trauma patients, especially in subdural hemorrhage and epidural hemorrhage cases. A high percentage of adults admitted to the intensive care unit with critical conditions are diagnosed with vitamin D-deficiency, this deficiency may induce impaired immune responses and increase the risk of infections. Vitamin D intervention has been shown to modulate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in non-critically ill patients, but to date, there is no substantial data on the effectiveness of vitamin D for the improvement of immune function in traumatic brain injury patients. Methods/design A randomized clinical trial (RCT) will be performed on 74 Iranian adults 18-65 years old with brain trauma, and will be treated daily by vitamin D supplements (100000 IU oral drop) or a similar placebo (1000 IU) for 5 days. Discussion If this randomized clinical trial elucidates reduction in inflammatory cytokines, it would provide the evidence for multi-central clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in neuro -critically ill patients. Since vitamin D supplements are inexpensive and safe, this clinical trial could have the potential to improve clinical outcomes in traumatic brain injury patients through reduction of inflammation and infection associated morbidity and mortality rates.
The association of healthy lifestyle behaviors with mental health indicators among adolescents of different family affluence
Authors: Maenhout Laura , Peuters Carmen , Cardon Greet , New Sofie Compernolle , Crombez Geert , DeSmet Ann
Published: April 2020

Background

Healthy lifestyles may contribute to better mental health, which is particularly important in adolescence, an age at which half of all mental health problems first occur. This association may be even more relevant in adolescents of low family affluence, who show more mental health problems, as well as more unhealthy lifestyles. This study investigated healthy lifestyle behaviors, namely sufficient sleep and physical activity, daily breakfast intake, low levels of alcohol use or smoking, in relation to mental health and symptoms of mental health problems (feelings of depression, anxiety, stress and self-esteem) among adolescents from different family affluence. Furthermore, the moderating role of family affluence was examined in those relations.

Methods

Adolescents aged 12-18y were recruited via a random sample of schools in Flanders, Belgium. A total of 1037 adolescents participated (M age=15.2, 49.8% female). Independent samples t-tests, Mann Whitney U-tests and χ²-tests determined the differences in healthy lifestyle behaviors and mental health indicators between adolescents of low-medium and high family affluence. Regression analyses assessed the association between healthy lifestyles and mental health outcomes and the moderating role of family affluence.

Results

All healthy lifestyle behaviors were associated with at least one mental health outcome, with the exception of alcohol consumption. Adolescents from low-medium family affluence had lower levels of physical activity, less often took breakfast, had lower levels of alcohol consumption and reported lower self-esteem than adolescents from high family affluence. The results showed no moderating effect of family affluence for the association between healthy lifestyle and mental health .

Conclusion

These findings support the value of integrating healthy lifestyle behaviors in interventions for mental health promotion, for both youth of low-medium and high family affluence.
Hypophosphataemia after ferric carboxymaltose is unrelated to symptoms, intestinal inflammation or vitamin D status
Authors: Fang Wendy , Kenny Rachel , Rizvi Qurat-ul-Ain , McMahon Lawrence P. , Garg Mayur
Published: April 2020

Background Intravenous iron replacement is recommended for iron-deficient patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but may be associated with hypophosphataemia, predisposing to osteomalacia and fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for hypophosphataemia following intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in patients with IBD. Methods This prospective observational study of patients with and without IBD evaluated serum phosphate for 28 days following intravenous FCM, and assessed associations with symptoms, markers of inflammation and vitamin D status. Results 24 patients with IBD (11 with Crohn’s disease [CD], 13 with ulcerative colitis [UC], mean age 45 years [range 19-90], 7 female), and 20 patients without IBD (mean age 56 [22-88]y, 11 female), were included. Overall, serum phosphate declined by a mean of 36% at Day 7, with a mean fall of 42% (SD 19%) at some time point over 28 days (p<0.001). Twenty-four of 44 (55%) patients developed moderate to severe hypophosphataemia (serum phosphate <0.6 mmol/L). No differences between patients with and without IBD were seen, but patients with CD had greater decline in phosphate than those with UC. There was no association between hypophosphataemia and symptomatic adverse events, faecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein, albumin, platelet count, 25(OH) vitamin D, or 1,25(di-OH) vitamin D. Serum phosphate <1.05mmol/L on Day 2 predicted susceptibility to moderate-severe hypophosphataemia (OR 7.0). Conclusions Hypophosphataemia following FCM is common, unrelated to symptomatic adverse events, baseline intestinal or systemic inflammation, or vitamin D status.
DNA Methylome Distinguishes Oropharyngeal and Oral Cancer from Oral Lesions and Healthy Oral Mucosa
Authors: Nina Milutin Gašperov , Sabol Ivan , Božinović Ksenija , Dediol Emil , Mravak-Stipetić Marinka , Licastro Danilo , Monego Simeone Dal , Grce Magdalena
Published: April 2020

Background: There is a strong need to find new, good biomarkers of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), because of the prognoses and high mortality of patients. The aim of this study was to identify the potential biomarkers in HNSCC that have differences in their DNA methylome and potentially premalignant oral lesions, in comparison to healthy oral mucosa.Methods: In this study 32 oral samples were tested: 9 healthy oral mucosae, 13 HNSCC and 10 potentially premalignant oral lesions for DNA methylation by Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip.Results: Our findings showed a panel of genes significantly hypermethylated in their promoters or specific sites in HNSCC samples in comparison to healthy oral samples, which are mainly oncogenes, receptor and transcription factor genes, or genes included in cell cycle, transformation, apoptosis and autophagy. A group of hypomethylated genes in HNSCC, in comparison to healthy oral mucosa, is mainly involved in the host immune response and transcriptional regulation. The results also showed significant differences in gene methylation between HNSCC and potentially premalignant oral lesions, as well as differently methylated genes that discriminate between oral lesions and healthy mucosa.Conclusions: The given methylation panels point to the possibly early diagnostics of HNSCC as well as potentially premalignant oral lesions and its possible implication in clinical practice.
Cost-effectiveness of different surgical treatment approaches for early breast cancer: a retrospective matched cohort study from China
Authors: Yang Qing , Zhong Xiaorong , Zhang Wei , Luo Ting , He Ping , Zheng Hong
Published: April 2020

Background Both breast-conserving surgery and breast reconstruction surgery are less popular in China, although they can improve patients' quality of life. The main reason comes from the economy. There is currently no economic evaluation of different surgical treatment options for early breast cancer. Our study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-utilities of different surgical treatment approaches for early breast cancer. The surgical approaches are including mastectomy(MAST), breast-conserving therapy(BCT), and mastectomy with reconstruction (MAST+RECON). Methods We applied the propensity score matching method to perform a 1: 1 match on patients undergoing these three types of surgery in a tertiary academic medical center from 2011 to 2017 to obtain a balanced sample of covariates between groups. A Markov model was established. Clinical data and cost data were obtained from the medical records. Health utility values were derived from clinical investigations. Strategies were compared using an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Results The total cost of MAST, MAST+RECON and BCT was $35,282.24, $69,428.82 and $73,661.08, respectively. The discounted quality-adjusted life year(QALYs) were 17.94, 18.71 and 20.49, respectively. Compared with MAST, MAST+RECON and BCT have an ICER of $106708.06/QALY and $15050.53/QALY, respectively. The ICER of BCT vs. MAST was less than the threshold of $27,931.04. The reliability and stability of the results were confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis. Conclusions We believe that in the context of the limited resources in China, after comparing the three surgical approaches, BCT is the more cost-effective and preferred solution.
“The Use Of Information And Communication Technologies In Latinamerican Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study”
Authors: Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan , Vera-Paz Carlos A. , Vanegas Emanuel , Gallardo Juan Carlos , Felix Miguel , Espinoza-Fuentes Fernando , Chedraui Peter , Gavilanes Antonio WD , Mata Valeria
Published: April 2020

Objectives: The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) allows people to communicate in "real-time". The popularity of these tools has created a need for healthcare providers to have an online presence and interact with their patients via an increasing number of channels. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of use, perceptions, and barriers of ICTs among Ecuadorian dentists. Methods: An anonymous, cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among 342 Ecuadorian dentists. The questionnaire included 13 items related to the frequency of use, perceptions and barriers of ICTs among dentists.Results: Almost all participants reported communicating with colleagues (99.7%) and with patients (96.2%) using ICTs. In contrast, academic information searching was the least used application, with 36.5% (n = 125) of respondents indicating no ICT use for this purpose. WhatsApp was overall the most used ICT with 97.4% of participants using it to contact colleagues and 93.6% to contact patients. Similarly, Facebook was used by 88.0% (n = 301) of dentists to interact with colleagues while 67.8% did so with patients. More than 90% (n = 308) of dentists perceived that ICTs are useful for health and service promotion, getting involved in research projects, solving daily clinical cases, working in groups and finding new job opportunities. Regarding barriers, privacy was the biggest concern among dentists, with 65.2% (n = 223) agreeing that it is an issue concerning ICT use. The second most frequent barrier was time, with 48% (n = 164) of respondents considering not having enough time to use ICTs.Conclusions: We found that Ecuadorian dentists had high usage of ICTs, mainly for communication among professionals and communication with their patients. Academic information searching remains a comparatively underused application of these tools. Most participants had a positive perception of ICTs in the dentistry practice, particularly younger dentists. Furthermore, dentists had a positive perception of ICTs. Finally, privacy remains the main barrier for ICT adoption according to our survey.
Chemical characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of phytoconstituents from Swertia alata
Authors: bajaj sakshi , Wakode Sharad , Kaur Avneet , Bansal Himangini , Manchanda Satish , Kumar Sachin , Fuloria Neeraj , Fuloria Shivkanya
Published: April 2020

Background: Swertia alata C.B Clarke (Gentianaceae) is well reported in Indian Traditional system of medicine and plant was known for its febrifuge, tonic, laxative and antimalarial properties.Objective: To isolate the phytoconstituents from the plant species S alata (Gentianaceae) and to study in vitro COX-1/COX-2, in vivo anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity.Material and methods: With intent to explore newer phytoconstituents, the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of S. alata was partitioned into petroleum ether and chloroform soluble fractions. The isolation of phytoconstituents was performed using silica gel base column chromatography, afforded two phytoisolates (one new and one known) characterized as oleanolic acid (SA-1) and 3-hydroxylup-12-(13)-ene-17-carboxylic acid (SA-4). The structures of the isolated compounds were established based on melting point (MP), Ultraviolet (UV), Attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), 1D (1H NMR & 13C NMR) 2D Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Mass spectrometry. Pharmacological screening was performed to evaluate in vitro Cyclooxygenase (COX-1 /COX-2) inhibitory activity, in vivo anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity.Results: Among the compounds, SA-4 (COX-1: COX-2 :: 104 : 61.68 µM, % inhibition = 61.36) found to be more effective than SA-1(COX-1:COX-2:: 128.4:87.25 µM, % inhibition = 47.72) Ulcerogenic study was also performed on the isolated compounds (SA-1 and SA-4) and found to possess significant gastric tolerance than indomethacin. Conclusion: Ayurvedic knowledge supported by modern science is necessary to isolate, characterize, and standardize the active constituents from herbal sources for anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activity.
Do the dynamics of vaccine programs improve the full immunization of children under the age of five in Cameroon?
Authors: DEFFO Rodrigue NDA'CHI , KAMGA Benjamin FOMBA
Published: April 2020

Background Among the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), three were devoted to health. Two amongst which MDG4 in relation to the reduction of infant mortality has not been achieved in Least Developed Countries (LDC). In Africa, a significant part of infant mortality is due to vaccine-preventable diseases administered free of charge by the Extended Program on Immunization (EPI). As such, in the "social equity" pillar of Sustainable Development Goals (SDO), the MDGs RELATED TO HEALTH have yet been taken into account. The achievement of these objectives requires an understanding of the immunization behavior of children under five years of age. Methods We use data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 1991, 1998, 2004 and 2011 carried out by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). The module concerning EPI vaccines was administered to 3350, 2317, 8125 and 25524 under 5 in 1991, 1998, 2004 and 2011 respectively. The immunization analysis was made from the full immunization logistic model and Oaxaca's decomposition to assess the contribution of the unexplained part which is the contribution of EPI dynamics. Results In general, children with vaccination card are more than 7 times likely to be fully immunized than their counterparts who do not have any. This result was higher in 1991 (approximately 57) and lowest in 2011 (5). In addition, the child's birth order reduces his/her probability of being fully immunized and the impact increases with the latter's birth order. On the other hand, the mother's age as well as her level of education increase the child's likelihood of receiving all basic vaccines. In addition, the contribution of EPI partners in terms of immunization support is of special relevance in increasing immunization coverage. They significantly explain 67.62% of the 0.105 gain recorded within the 2011-2004 period and 72.46% of the 0.069 gain recorded within the 2004-1998 period. Conclusion The contribution of EPI partner organizations is fundamental for the achievement of EPI objectives. Since they contribute to increase the likelihood of fully immunized children. The link with child immunization is done through the specific characteristics to the mother.
Genome-wide analysis of AP2/ERF Transcription Factors in sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum L. Reveals Functional Divergence During Drought, Salt Stress and Plant Hormones Treatment
Authors: Li Piting , Chai Zhe , Lin Pingping , Huang Chaohua , Huang Guoqiang , Xu Liangnian , Deng Zuhu , Zhang Muqing , Zhang Yu , Zhao Xinwang
Published: April 2020

Background: APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development, metabolism, as well as in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, there are few studies concerning AP2/ERF genes in sugarcane, which is the most critical sugar and energy crop worldwide. Results: A total of 218 AP2/ERF genes were identified in the Saccharum spontaneum genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes could be divided into four groups, including 43 AP2s, 160 ERFs, and Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) factors, 11 ABI3/VPs (RAV) and 4 Soloist genes. These genes were unevenly distributed on 32 chromosomes. Analysis of the structural of SsAP2/ERF genes showed that 91 SsAP2/ERFs lacked introns. Sugarcane and sorghum have a collinear relationship between 168 SsAP2/ERF genes and sorghum AP2/ERF genes that reflects their similarity. Multiple cis-regulatory elements (CREs) are present in the SsAP2/ERF promoter, and many are related to abiotic stresses, suggesting that SsAP2/ERF activity could contribute to the adaptation of sugarcane crops to environmental changes. The tissue-specific analysis showed spatiotemporal expression of SsAP2/ERF in the stems and leaves of sugarcane at different stages of development. In 10 sugarcane samples, 39 SsAP2/ERFs were not expressed at all, whereas 58 SsAP2/ERFs were expressed in all samples. Quantitative PCR experiments showed that SsERF52 expression was up-regulated under salt stress, but suppressed under drought stress. SsSoloist4 had the most considerable upregulation in response to treatment with the exogenous hormones ABA and GA. Within 3 hours of ABA or PEG6000 treatment, SsSoloist4 expression was up-regulated, indicating that this gene could play a role in ABA and GA-associated drought stress response mechanisms. Analysis of AP2/ERF gene expression patterns under different treatments indicated that SsAP2/ERF genes play an important role in drought and salt stress responses of S. spontaneum. Conclusions: In this study, a total of 218 members of the AP2 / ERF superfamily were identified in sugarcane, and their genetic structure, evolution characteristics, and expression patterns were studied and analyzed. The results of this study provide a foundation for future analyses to elucidate the importance of AP2/ERF transcription factors in the function and molecular breeding of sugarcane.
Averting Expenditure on Malaria: Effects on Maize Labour Productivity in Bunkpurugu-Nakpanduri District of Ghana
Authors: Mabe Franklin Nantui , Dafurika Thomas
Published: April 2020

Background Malaria has been one of the commonest diseases during farming season which affects farmers’ health resulting in number of days spend on the farm. Due to this, farmers always try to prevent malaria attack by averting. Motivated by this argument, this study sought to determine the effects of malaria averting expenditure on labour productivity of maize farmers in Bunkpurugu-Nakpanduri District in the Northern Region of Ghana.Methods A cross sectional primary data was collected from 194 maize farmers. Both descriptive and quantitative data analysis approaches were employed. Conditional Mixed Process was used to estimate the effects of malarial averting expenditure on maize labour productivity.Results The study revealed that maize farmers incurred an average averting expenditure amount of GH¢ 284.60 on malaria. The result shows that factors that significantly affect maize farmers averting expenditure include; households’ off-farm income, household size, presence of bushes around houses, presence of pregnant women and number of household members in school. Meanwhile, quantity of fertilizer, seed, weedicides, farming experience, age, ownership of motor bike and averting expenditure are significant determinants of maize labour productivity. The study revealed that as farmers spend more to avert malaria attack, the become more productive.Conclusions Therefore, this study recommends that Ministry of Health should increase a public advocacy to ensure a holistic approach on use of malaria averting strategies such as clearing of bushes around houses, draining of stagnant water, sleeping in treated mosquito nets among others.
Enchondroma of the spine: a report of eleven cases
Authors: Liu Dehuai , Li Xiangbo , Luo Kai , Lin Chengsen , Chen Xiangxiang , Liu Yun , Tang Haijun
Published: April 2020

Purpose To explore clinical characteristics, surgical strategies, and prognosis of spinal enchondroma. Methods We retrospectively analyzed eleven cases with primary benign spinal enchondroma who were treated in our institution between January 2008 and December 2016. Results Of the 11 patients included in our study, the average age was 43 years(range from 5–66 years). There were 7 men and 4 women. The lesions were mainly located in the lumbar and thoracic column with 5 cases and 4 cases respectively, and following by the cervical and sacral vertebrae with both 1 cases. Total tumor resection was used in 10 cases and curettage in one case. The average follow-up was 3.3 years(range from 2 to 6 years). Most of the cases had achieved satisfied therapeutic outcome with the symptoms disappeared. However, Case 9 developed into local recurrence and a second surgery was performed. Although the lesion have not recured any more after the second operation during the follow-up, the lower extremity paralysis had no improvement. Case 2 was sent to our hospital for the recurrence of the sacral tumor which was very closed to the common iliac artery.When the second operation was conducted, the artery was ruptured and the patient died from hemorrhagic shock. Conclusion To establish the diagnosis of spinal enchondroma is not always a simple job for the absence of specific clinical characteristics. The optimal treatment is total resection. Although spinal enchondroma is benign, a few cases can develop into local recurrence. Sacral enchondroma should be more vigilant for its fatal complications.
Transcortical approach for the treatment of large intraventricular central neurocytoma
Authors: Zhang Chaocai , Yu Lanbing , Hao Shuyu , Fang Yehong , Jia Heyuan , Wang Junling , Wang Xingchao , Ji Nan , Cen Bo , Zhao Jiannong , Gao Zhixian
Published: April 2020

Background Central neurocytoma is a rare intracranial tumor. Due to the limited number of reported cases in the past, there is still controversy about the treatment strategy for central neurocytoma, especially large central neurocytomas occupying bilateral ventricles. This paper will discuss our clinical experience in the treatment of large central neurocytoma. Methods A retrospective analysis of 29 patients with intraventricular central neurocytoma diagnosed and treated by the same surgeon between April 2012 and September 2019 at the Neurosurgery Departments of Beijing Tiantan Hospital and Hainan General Hospital was performed. The clinical characteristics, treatment plan and prognosis of these patients were discussed. Results Among the 29 patients, the average age of onset was 31.93 (17-61) years, and the average maximum tumor diameter was 54.17 ± 15.62 mm. Among them, 23 patients (79.3%) had an average maximum diameter greater than 5 cm. Twenty-seven patients (93.1%) underwent transcortical tumor resection. Twenty-seven patients (93.1%) achieved gross total tumor resection. Five patients (17.2%) received radiotherapy after the first operation, and 3 patients (10.3%) had tumor recurrence. None of the patients died. Conclusion Operation is the basis of the treatment of central neurocytoma. It is possible for patients to be cured by total resection of the tumor and protection of normal ventricular structure. Transcortical fistulotomy is a reliable approach for the removal of large central neurocytomas in the ventricle. Patients should be closely observed post-operation, and MRI of the head should be rechecked regularly. If tumor progression occurs, then radiotherapy should be considered.