bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Contingent Approach to Facilitating Conflict Resolution in Software Development Outsourcing Projects
Authors: Cho Donghwan
Published: December 2021

With the wide spread of IT outsourcing, internal IT personnel have been required to change their roles from system development to organizational change agents such as securing software development outsourcing (SDO) success. Conflict resolution is critical to secure the SDO success, but the understanding of how IT personnel facilitate conflict resolution as change agents is limited. The purpose of this study is to understand the negative impact of conflicts on SDO outcomes and to investigate the moderating effect of IT personnel's conflict resolution facilitation (process facilitation, content facilitation) between conflicts and two SDO outcome dimensions (project efficiency and system effectiveness). In order to test the model, data was collected through a cross-sectional field survey using questionnaires, and a total of 144 SDO projects were used in the final analysis. Research results show that conflicts have a negative impact on both of the SDO outcome dimensions, and the effect of conflict resolution facilitation by IT personnel is contingent on the dimensions of SDO outcomes.
A Systematic Literature Review on Risk Assessment and Mitigation Approaches in Requirement Engineering
Authors: Chandani Priyanka , Gupta Chetna
Published: December 2021

Risk assessment and management practice is an organized way to identify, analyze, and assess the impacts of risks and mitigate them when they arise. Risk can occur in any phase of software development and is a significant step for better supervision of threats. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze existing risk assessment and management techniques from a historical perspective that address and study risk management and perception of risk. The chapter presents extensive summary of existing literature on various techniques and approaches related to requirements defects, defect taxonomy, its classification, and its potential impact on software development as the main contributions of this research work. The primary objective of this study was to present a systematic literature review of techniques/methods/tools for risk assessment and management. This research successfully identifies and discovers existing risk assessment and management techniques, their limitations, taxonomies, processes, and identifies possible improvements for better defect identification and prevention.
The Effectiveness of Distance Learning (BlackBoard) in Pursuing the Educational Process at Taif University During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alsalamat Mohammad Khair Mahmoud , Alsowat Hamad H. , Alroqi Rashed M.
Published: December 2021

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia facing the Covid-19 pandemic, as it is trying with all its efforts to pursue higher education in its universities and schools through distance learning. The current research tried to investigate Taif University experience in distance learning and the effectiveness of BlackBoard in pursuing education in the light of the Covid-19 pandemic from the viewpoints of teachers and students. To achieve this goal, the descriptive survey approach was used. Two questionnaires were designed A random sample was chosen from all colleges of the University The sample consisted of (240) faculty members and 804 students. The results showed great effectiveness of BlackBoard in pursuing education from the viewpoints of faculty members, and to a very great degree from the students' point of view. No impact of the two variables (gender, rank) appeared in the viewpoints of faculty members in that effectiveness. male students’ viewpoints were higher than those of females, and the viewpoints of master's students were higher than those of undergraduate students on this effectiveness.
Pombalismo e antipombalismo no Brasil
Authors: Meneses de Oliveira Luiz Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar o modo como as reformas do ensino promovidas durante a gestão do ministro do reide Portugal D. José I foram representadas em dois momentos que, embora pertençam a contextos bem diversos, têm em comum o fato de que motivaram a organização de eventos, festejos e, sobretudo, publicações acerca do marquês de Pombal: o centenário de sua morte, celebrado em 1882, e o seu bicentenário, em 1982. Nosso objetivo é compreender o modo como as correntes pombalistas e antipombalistas repercutiram ou interferiram nas leituras e interpretações históricas das reformas pombalinas do ensino, a partir da análise de alguns textos (biográficos, ensaísticos e historiográficos) publicados nessas duas ocasiões.
‘Menores e vagabundos’
Authors: Isobe Rogéria Moreira Rezende , Ribeiro Betania de Oliveira Laterza
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para os estudos históricosrelacionados a educação e a infância a partir da análise das representações construídas sobre as crianças estigmatizadas como ‘menores’ e as propostas de educação direcionadas a esse segmento infantil, interrogando acerca dos fundamentos jurídicos presentes em tais representações. Focaliza a cidade de Uberaba, localizada na região do Triângulo Mineiro, no início do século XX e constitui a imprensa periódica como núcleodocumental da pesquisa. A incursão no corpus empírico elucidou os meandros discursivos que forjaram a vadiagem infantil como degeneração moral e elegeram um modelo de educação explicitamente destinado à transformação do potencial delinquente em cidadão ordeiro e útil ao corpo social
Effect of whitening toothpastes containing activated charcoal, abrasive particles, or hydrogen peroxide on the color of aged microhybrid composite
Authors: Rostamzadeh Pouya , Omrani Ladan Ranjbar , Abbasi Mahdi , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Ahmadi Elham
Published: December 2021

Background:

This study aimed to assess the effect of different whitening toothpastes containing activated charcoal, abrasive particles or hydrogen peroxide on the color of aged microhybrid composite.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro, experimental study, 45 composite discs (2 mm × 7 mm) were fabricated of a microhybrid composite. They underwent accelerated artificial aging for 300 h, corresponding to 1 year of clinical service. The composites were then randomly divided into five groups (n = 9). One group served as the control and underwent tooth brushing with distilled water. The remaining four groups underwent tooth brushing with Colgate Total whitening (Gt), Colgate Optic White (Go), Perfect White Black (Gp) and Bencer (Gb) toothpastes in a brushing machine The International Commission on Illumination values (Lm, am, bm) were determined using a spectrophotometer. Color change (ΔE) calculated based on this formula: ΔEm= ([ΔLm] 2 + [Δam] 2 + [Δbm] 2)½. The differences were defined by ΔE1 (after aging-baseline),ΔE2 (after brushing-after aging) and ΔE3 (after brushing-base line). ΔE1 were evaluated to ensure that color mismatch had occurred (ΔE1 > 5.5). Difference in (L, a, b) parameters after aging and after tooth brushing in each group, color parameter changes (ΔL2, Δa2, Δb2, ΔL3, Δa3, Δb3) and ΔE2 and ΔE3 were analyzed and compared using Wilcoxon test and independent sample median test at P = 0.05 level of significance.

Results:

The color parameter changes, ΔE3 and Δ E2 were not significantly different among the five groups (P > 0.05). In Gp and Gb charcoal a*, b*, and L* after tooth brushing (P < 0.05). In Colgate Optic group, the a* parameter significantly decreased while the L* parameter significantly increased (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The results showed that there is no significant difference in the color change of Spectrum composite following tooth brushing with different whitening toothpastes for two weeks. It should be noted that Δ E3 reached to <3.3 only in charcoal whitening toothpastes.
Do tumor localization, microsatellite instability and mismatch repair deficiency have an impact on the prognosis of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Acar T , Acar N , Kamer E , Cengiz F , Tekindal MA , Bağ H , Atahan K , Ekinci N , Dilek ON
Published: December 2021

Background:

Recent reports have shown that left-and right-sided colon cancers display different clinical and biological features. Chromosomal instability, epigenetic alterations, and defects in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair (MMR) system may lead to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Besides microsatellite instability (MSI) caused by DNA MMR activity degradation increases the risk for CRC.

Aim:

We aimed to show the differences between CRCs in different locations, to research the cause of these differences, to present whether there is a relation between MMR and MSI, and to evaluate their effects on prognosis.

Patients and Methods:

641 CRC cases were divided into three groups: Group 1 (right-sided), Group 2 (left-sided), and Group 3 (rectum). Demographics, cancer stages, location of the tumors, number of the lymph nodes removed, MMR deficiency or proficiency, MSI status, and survival were assessed by retrospective review of the patients.

Results:

Among 641 patients, 64.9% were males. Group 1, 2, and 3 comprised 31.2%, 45.7%, and 23.1% of all the cases, respectively. There was a significant difference in terms of survival and location only in stage II tumors. Stage II left colon cancer (LCCs) had a statistically significant lower survival rate. There was no significant difference in survival between both MSI and MMR statuses. In addition, cases were also stratified by stages. According to this data, 10.1, 45.7, and 44.2% of the patients had stages I, II, and III disease, respectively.

Conclusions:

Although it was not statistically significant, tumors with MMR deficiency (dMMR) and high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) are more common in right-sided colon tumors.
Spectacle design preferences among school children in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Aghaji AE , Udeh NN , Okoye OI , Oguego NC , Okoye O , Maduka-Okafor FC , Umeh C Aneji , Ezegwui IR , Nwobi EA , Onwasigwe EN , Umeh RE
Published: December 2021

Background:

Uncorrected refractive error has profound effects on children's educational and social development and spectacles are cost-effective in correcting this. However, the cosmetic appearance of spectacles may affect compliance to prescribed spectacles.

Aims:

This study explored spectacle design preferences of school children in Enugu State, Nigeria and any associated sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional study among children aged 5–15 years from schools in Enugu state, Nigeria.

Patients and Methods:

The children independently selected from sets of spectacle frames, indicating their preferences on the basis of spectacle frame color, material, shape and size of the lens portion, design of the earpiece portions. Simple descriptive analysis was performed. Frequency tables were generated. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to test associations between categorical variables. Odds ratios were used to measure the strength of the associations where P < 0.05. Tests of significance were set at the 95% level.

Results:

A total of 1,167 children (45.6% male and 54.4% female) were seen. Majority of the children preferred red colored spectacle frames 467 (40%), plastic frames 723 (62%), rectangular shaped lens-pieces (55.2%), and frames with a straight earpiece 987 (84.6%). There is a strong association between gender and choice of spectacle colour (P < 0.01), gender and lens size preference (P < 0.05), and between school location and shapes of spectacle earpiece (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

Spectacle preferences exist among the study population and some demographic factors are associated with these preferences which should be considered in any childhood refractive error services.
Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Isolates in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Ogefere Helen Oroboghae , Igweh Sylvester
Published: December 2021

Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus has increasingly been implicated as an agent of clinical infections worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence of Vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) among S. aureus causing infections in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of 400 non-repetitive S. aureus isolates were obtained from clinical specimens in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. These isolates were identified by standard microbiological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and screening for vancomycin resistance (using phenotypic method) was carried out for all isolates. Eighteen isolates (4.5%) were resistant to vancomycin with 10 (2.5%) VRSA isolates recovered from females while 8(2.0%) were isolated from males (p = 0.9981). Isolates from catheter tip had the highest prevalence of VRSA (33.3%) and showed statistical significance in comparison with other clinical specimens (p = 0.0036). Vancomycin resistant S. aureus isolates showed poor susceptibility to commonly used antibacterial agents (< 50%). In order to mitigate the effect of selective pressure on the survival and proliferation of resistant strains, prudent use of vancomycin and other antimicrobial agents is advocated. The need for continuous surveillance, susceptibility testing and screening cannot be overemphasized.
Studies on some Biochemical Parameters among Charcoal (Physiculus nematopus) Traders in Swali Market Yenagoa Bayelsa State
Authors: Egoro E.T. , Oni E.S. , Otaraku J.O. , John D.E.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to assess some biochemical parameters among charcoal (Physiculus nematopus) traders in Swali market Yenagoa Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Five milliliter of blood specimens was collected from each of the fifteen charcoal (Physiculus nematopus) traders with < 5 years working experience (experimental group one), fifteen charcoal (Physiculus nematopus) traders with ≥5 years working experience (experimental group two) and fifteen non charcoal traders (control group) into lithium heparin anti-coagulated bottles respectively. Thereafter alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured quantitatively. The results of charcoal traders in experimental group one showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) in all the measured biochemical parameters ALT (7.26U/I), AST (5.61U/I), CRP (2.48mg/L), urea (8.68mmol/L), creatinine (82.14µmol/L) as compared to that of the control group (7.22U/I), (5.58U/I), (2.47mg/L), (8.65mmo/L), (82.10µmol/L) respectively while that of experimental group two showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (20.40U/I), aspartate aminotransferase (16.20U/I) and C-reactive protein (22.42mg/L) as compared to that of the control group (7.22U/I), (5.58U/I), (2.47mg/L) respectively. However, urea (8.68mmol/L) and creatinine (82.25µmol/L) showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) as compared to that of the control group (8.65mmol/L), (82.10µmol/L) respectively. In conclusion alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and C-reactive protein may be altered in charcoal (Physiculus nematopus) traders exposed to charcoal dust for ≥ 5 years. It is therefore recommended that charcoal traders in this category should embark on hepato-inflammatory biochemical parameters investigation intermittently in any registered and licensed Medical Laboratory facility so as to monitor the concentrations of these parameters.
Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of Methanol stem bark extract of Cadaba farinosa (Forssk) in wistar rats.
Authors: Umaru M.L. , Uyaiabasi G.N.
Published: December 2021

The study focused on evaluating the toxicity profile of the methanol stem bark extract of Cadaba farinose (Forssk), considering possibilities of adverse effects arising from continual use of herbal plants especially in the management of long-term conditions. Cadaba farinosa is a slender shrub plant widely used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, inflammations, rheumatic pains and various infections including skin and intestine both in Africa and India. The acute toxicity study and sub-acute toxicity studies were carried out in Wistar rats using Lorkes Method (1983) and the OECD Guidelines 425. For the sub-acute toxicity studies, twenty rats weighing between 120 and 170g were randomly grouped into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 (control) received 10ml/kg of distilled water and the others received doses of 40, 200 and 1000mg/kg p.o of extract for 28 days. The acute toxicity revealed no mortality or behavioural signs of toxicity in both phases up to 5000mg/kg. The haematological indices revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the WBC count, MCV and PLT of the groups that received 1000mg/kg of the extract after treatment for 28 days. The liver function test showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in AST and ALT. Renal indices showed a significant decrease in creatinine and a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma Na+, K+ and Cl- ion concentration across the groups. Histopathological section of the spleen revealed follicular hyperplasia. The results suggest that the plant could be slightly toxic to the liver and the spleen on long-term use.
Determination of Impact of Acute and Chronic Administration of Aqueous Root Extract of E. Tremula (Burburwa) on some Haematological parameters in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Ahmed H.M. , Yakubu A. , Ismail S.R. , Ibrahim A.B. , Salahudden A. , Erhabor O. , Onuigwe F.U. , Husseini A.M. , Abdulrahman S.
Published: December 2021

Eragrostis tremula (Burburwa) is an herbal plant native to tropical Africa, India and Myanmar. It is found in sandy soils and abandoned cultivations. It is used locally for sweeping, used as fodder for cattle and extensively being used in traditional medicine practice without assessing its safety. This study investigated the impact on blood cells (WBCs) on chronic/acute use of aqueous root extract of Eragrostis tremula among males/females wistar rats. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, phenols, saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and diterpene. Lorke's method was used for oral acute toxicity study (LD50 determination). A total of 20 wistar rats were used, divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I was control and administered with distilled water, Group II, Group III and Group IV were respectively administered with 200 mg, 400 mg and 800 mg of the extract per kilogram body weight, for 21 days. The result of acute oral toxicity study was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. Total and differential (neutrophil, lymphocyte, and mixed cells) leukocyte counts were analysed. Eragrostis tremula aqueous root extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased lymphocyte and total leukocyte counts, but no significant changes (p>0.05) were observed in neutrophil and mixed cells count when the treated groups were compared with the control group. In conclusion, the findings of the present study have shown that, aqueous root extract of Eragrostis tremula has impact on lymphocyte and total leukocyte count in the wistar rats which is dependent on dose of the extract. The extract at high doses increases the lymphocyte and total leukocyte counts of the treated groups.
Metformin on Insulin, Glucagon, Oxidative Stress Markers and Pancreatic Tissue Histology in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Usman Umar Zayyanu , Mainasara Abdullahi Suleiman , Abbas Abdullahi Yahaya , Sadiq Mas UD Eneji , Mohamed Mahaneem
Published: December 2021

This study determined the effects of Metformin on plasma insulin, glucagon, oxidative stress status and histology of pancreas in diabetic rats. Grouping was carried out on 21 rats, and were assigned into 3 groups (n = 7 rats per group); non-DM, DM and DM+metformin (200 mg/kg). Diabetes Mellitus was induced and treatments were given daily by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Food intake, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucagon, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl were significantly higher while final body weight, insulin and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in Diabetes Mellitus group compared with non- Diabetes Mellitus group. There was significantly higher body weight, insulin level and total antioxidant capacity with significantly lower food intake, FBG, glucagon, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels in Diabetes Mellitus +Metformin group compared with the Diabetes Mellitus group. Pancreatic tissue histology revealed islet cells regeneration in Diabetes Mellitus +Metformin group. This in vivo study provides evidence of the potential of antihyperglycemic and improved oxidants- antioxidant status which may be due to the oral hypoglycaemic nature or effects of metformin as seen in this study.
PERSPECTIVAS DEL COOPERATIVISMO Y LA INCLUSIÓN SOCIAL
Authors: Tuarez-Rendon María Melania , Angulo-Murillo Navira , Intriago-Rodríguez Emmanuel Alberto
Published: December 2021

Las cooperativas se fundaron para brindar a la sociedad un mejor futuro, en base a las características económicas y sociales, nacidas del socialismo, y el reconocimiento de la necesidad humana por carencia. La moneda, motivó a muchas personas a participar en esta para formar grandes capitales, y hoy en día son muchas entre ellas organizaciones que han adoptado las características esenciales que la conforman Incluyendo propiedad, inversión, distribución de beneficios de distribución y control de empresas, para una forma moderna de organizar la economía de los monopolios o sociedades tradicionales y sociedades de responsabilidad limitada.

Palabras clave: cooperativismo, inclusión social, organizaciones, economía.
The Axiomatics of Free Group Rings
Authors: Fine Benjamin , Gaglione Anthony , Kreuzer Martin , Rosenberger Gerhard , Spellman Dennis
Published: December 2021

In [FGRS1,FGRS2] the relationship between the universal and elementary theory
of a group ring $R[G]$ and the corresponding universal and elementary theory of
the associated group $G$ and ring $R$ was examined. Here we assume that $R$ is
a commutative ring with identity $1 \ne 0$. Of course, these are relative to an
appropriate logical language $L_0,L_1,L_2$ for groups, rings and group rings
respectively. Axiom systems for these were provided in [FGRS1]. In [FGRS1] it
was proved that if $R[G]$ is elementarily equivalent to $S[H]$ with respect to
$L_{2}$, then simultaneously the group $G$ is elementarily equivalent to the
group $H$ with respect to $L_{0}$, and the ring $R$ is elementarily equivalent
to the ring $S$ with respect to $L_{1}$. We then let $F$ be a rank $2$ free
group and $\mathbb{Z}$ be the ring of integers. Examining the universal theory
of the free group ring ${\mathbb Z}[F]$ the hazy conjecture was made that the
universal sentences true in ${\mathbb Z}[F]$ are precisely the universal
sentences true in $F$ modified appropriately for group ring theory and the
converse that the universal sentences true in $F$ are the universal sentences
true in ${\mathbb Z}[F]$ modified appropriately for group theory. In this paper
we show this conjecture to be true in terms of axiom systems for ${\mathbb
Z}[F]$.
Universal Service Systems for Scalable Copper Packaging of Discrete Circuit Components
Authors: Sun Shuh-Ping , Hu Jerry
Published: December 2021

In the decade of digital electronics, no matter what type is, high-value, high-complexity, high-performance devices (such as the main microprocessor core in smart phones) is undoubtedly crucial. However, simple discrete circuit components (such as capacitors, resistors, diodes, transistors, etc.) are also essential for mobile phones. In order to continue to increase functionality and reliability, reduce size and power consumption, reduce costs, and any function we seek in electronic equipment, there is always the basic principle of squeezing everything onto the same semiconductor chip. However, in some unavoidable situations, not all circuit components can run on the same chip. This service system uses a copper substrate as the core material for packaging, and can package chips with high bonding density. It provides a universal service platform for packaged products called: Scalable Universal Copper-based Packaging (CopperPak) service system. This service system is attributed to copper-based packaging (CopperPak) as a solution for expansion packaging, which can package the chip on the multifunctional component as much as possible. Scalable universal copper-based packaging (CopperPak) service system, including miniature copper-based packaging (TyniCopk) and large-scale copper-based packaging (MassyCopk) modules, used to package discrete circuit components, not only solve the discrete circuit components size, heat transfer and positioning alignment issues, and simplify the packaging process and improve yield rate.
Behavior-Driven Development of Microservice Applications
Authors: Tuglular Tugkan , Coşkun Deniz Egemen , Gülen Ömer , Okluoğlu Arman , Algan Kaan
Published: December 2021

As the number of microservice applications rises, different development methodologies for them are under consideration. In this manuscript, we propose a behavior-driven development method for microservice applications. The proposed method starts with writing end-to-end tests at the system or application level and then moves down to the microservice level, where component and unit tests are written. Next, code that passes these tests is developed one by one for each level. Once user stories are covered, our method loops again to integrate negative tests to achieve holistic testing for the microservices and the application. Finally, the proposed method is validated with an application with five microservices. Results confirm that the proposed method matches with the generally accepted test pyramid.
COVID-19 Salgın Hastalığı Nedeniyle Uzaktan Eğitim Yöntemiyle Gerçekleştirilen “Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Sanat ve Tasarım” Dersinde Yaşanan Değişiklikler
Authors: ÖZSOY Vedat
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 küresel salgın döneminde, TOBB ETÜ Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi, Sanat ve Tasarım Bölümü Lisans Programında yer alan “Yirmi Birinci Yüzyılda Sanat ve Tasarım” dersi, fakülte ve üniversite seçmeli dersi statüsündedir. Ders ile öğrencilerin günümüzde etkili olan sanat ve tasarım uygulamalarını araştırmaları, düşünsel yönlerini incelemeleri ve bunların yirmi birinci yüzyıl kültürünün oluşumuna katkılarını kavramaları amaçlanmıştır. Uzaktan eğitim süreci bu dersin programında bazı değişikliklerin yapılmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Dersin doğası ve kurgusu gereği her yıl düzenli olarak İstanbul sanat ve tasarım bienallerine, müzelerine öğrencilerle yapılan inceleme gezilerine gidilememiş, internet ortamındaki çevrimiçi sanal müze ve sanat galerilerinin bir URL listesi hazırlanmış, dünyadaki önemli görsel sanatlar, mimarlık ve tasarım eserlerine yer veren çevrimiçi web sitelerinin web adresleri belirlenerek öğrencilere ödevlerinde kullanmaları için verilmiştir. Bu süreçte öğrencilerin derse devamı normal dönemlerdeki gibi düzenli olmuştur. Uzaktan eğitimde dersin ölçme ve değerlendirmesinde “kopya” ile ilgili yaşanan sorunlar Zoom video kaydı ve ekran görüntüsü alınarak büyük oranda giderilmiştir. Değerlendirmesi ödevlere dayalı olan derste yapılan eşleştirme testleri WhatsApp aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, normal eğitimde olduğu gibi uzaktan eğitim sürecinde de belirlenen amaçlara ulaşma konusunda önemli bir sorunla karşılaşılmadığı söylenebilir. Ayrıca bu dönemde bilişim ve iletişim teknolojilerinin zorunlu olarak derste kullanılması yoluyla elde edilen bazı önemli bilgi birikimi ve deneyimler olmuştur. Bunların normal döneme geçildiğinde bu dersin içeriğini ve işlenişini zenginleştireceği ve dersin hedeflerine ulaşmayı kolaylaştıracağı değerlendirilmektedir. Ancak normal zamandaki derslerde öğrenci-öğretim elemanı arasında yüz yüze ve karşılıklı öğrenme ile elde edilen duyusal ve duygusal etkileşimin uzaktan çevrimiçi eğitimde oluşmamasının önemli bir eksiklik olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.
NAZI MILITARY ADMINISTRATION ON THE OCCUPIED NORTH CAUCASUS DURING 1942-1943: PLANS AND PRACTICES
Authors: ТАТАРОВ А.А.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the conceptual and practical dimensions of the Nazi military administration in the North Caucasus in 1942-1943. The issue’s relevance draws on the academic assumption on the “special” German policy in the annexed North Caucasus. The analysis of documentary material enabled reconstruction of some aspects of the German occupation policy before and during the battle for the Caucasus. Germany’s plans contained explicit contradictions. The clear goal to seize the Caucasus’s resources and geopolitical benefits coexisted with the idea of applying a brand new type of occupation strategy and propaganda to prevent the resistance of local ethnic groups prone to conventionally dismiss the state’s penetration of society. A set of documents and the expert opinions of some German military-political actors are the source of the concept of a “special” occupation policy, which is based on the idea of reviving traditional Caucasian institutions and the restrained use of military violence in national regions. It is argued that a significant gap has appeared between the theory and practice of the occupation policy. Germany failed to conquer the entire Caucasian region, establish the Reichskommissariat “Caucasus” and create an effective management system. The occupation policy did not correspond to the idea of implementing a “special” approach. In practice, the structure and functions of the military administration were reduced to the political support of economic exploitation. A system of economic services was deployed in the North Caucasus to extract strategic assets whilst the punitive authorities acted within the standard framework.
SYNONYMIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE VERBAL MANIFESTATIONS OF EMOTIONS IN THE OSSETIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES
Authors: ГАЦАЛОВА Л.Б. , ПАРСИЕВА Л.К.
Published: December 2021

Целью статьи является рассмотрение вербальных средств выражения страха / испуга, описание особенностей употребления междометных единиц в зависимости от речевой ситуации. В статье мы обратились к истории возникновения междометия Æллæх!, этимологически восходящего к вокативу Аллах, к исследованию контекстов его современного употребления, что позволяет предложить комплексное описание данной единицы. Методом контекстного анализа были исследованы и расклассифицированы осетиноязычные тексты (более 100 примеров употребления). Семантическое описание междометия строилось с привлечением материала толковых и аспектных словарей осетинского языка. В результате проведенного исследования проиллюстрирован процесс образования междометия Æллæх! из этимологически родственного вокатива Аллах; предложена классификация контекстов употребления междометия; выявлены вербальные и невербальные характеристики эмоционального поведения человека в состоянии испуга. Особое внимание обращено на исследование синонимических отношений представленного междометия. Изложенные в статье результаты исследования помогут создать модель описания междометных выражений разных типов, характеризующих эмоциональное состояние говорящего. Работа может быть полезна в практике преподавания осетинского языка, а также в теории и практике перевода.

The purpose of the article is to consider the verbal means of expressing fear / fright, to describe the features of the use of interjective units depending on the speech situation. In the article, we account for the history of the interjection Ællæh!, etymologically dating back to the vocative Allah, to the study of the contexts of its modern use, which allows us to offer a comprehensive description of this unit. By the method of contextual analysis, the Ossetian-language texts were studied and classified (more than 100 examples of usage). The semantic description of the interjection was built using the material of explanatory and aspect dictionaries of the Ossetian language. As a result of the conducted research, the process of formation of the interjection Ællæh was illustrated from the etymologically related vocative Allah; a classification of interjection use contexts is proposed; verbal and non-verbal characteristics of a person's emotional behavior in a state of fright are revealed. Special attention is paid to the study of synonymous relations of the presented interjection. The research results presented in the article will help to create a model for describing interjective expressions of different types that characterize the emotional state of the speaker. The work can be useful in the practice of teaching the Ossetian language, as well as in the theory and practice of translation.
Proton therapy for re-irradiation of pediatric diffuse brain stem tumors
Authors: Udalov YuD , Slobina EL , Danilova LA , Zheludkova OG , Kiselev VA , Nezvetsky AV , Demidova AM , Ivanov AV , Dykina AV
Published: December 2021

Currently, there is no cure for pediatric diffuse brain stem (BS) tumors. Radiotherapy, including proton therapy, is an important component of combination treatment for this cancer, especially in children with a complicated medical history. The article addresses the issues of therapy for pediatric BS tumors and reports the use of proton re-irradiation in a 9-year-old boy with unverified diffuse BS tumor. Proton re-irradiation is an effective treatment option that can sustain and improve the quality of life and prolong survival in children with diffuse BS tumors.
“Treat to Persist”, a deepening of the “Treat to Target”
Authors: Citera Gustavo , Mysler Eduardo , Soriano Enrique R.
Published: December 2021

The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has evolved considerably in recent years, resulting in a notable improvement in the functional capacity, quality and life expectancy of patients1. This improvement is not only due to the development of more and better medications, but mainly to the internalization by most rheumatologists of the concept of treat to target (T2T) or goal-directed treatment2. The T2T establishes 4 basic principles, which include: A) The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis must be based on a joint decision of the rheumatologist and the patient, B) The primary objective of the treatment of RA is to promote a good quality of life long-term, through the control of symptoms, prevention of structural damage, normalization of functional capacity and social participation of the patient, C) Suppression of inflammation is the main way to achieve these goals, D) Treatment towards a Objectively, evaluating disease activity and adjusting treatment accordingly, improves the outcome of RA patients.
Erdheim-Chester disease. Series of nineteen cases and a relevant differential diagnosis
Authors: Reibaldi Alejandro , Sager Lorena , Calvo Romina , Gallo Jesica , Ortiz Alberto , Roverano Susana , Baena Diego , Caeiro Francisco , Robai G. , Paira Sergio
Published: December 2021

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a non-Langerhans histiocytosis, protein manifestations at start and little known. We included 19 patients from June 2012 to June of 2019. Inclusion criteria: clinical features, histopathology and immunostaining compatible with ECD. We excluded patients with undefined features.
Results: Bones were the most frequent affected, half of them were asymptomatic. Seventy per cent of the patients were women, and 7 of them developed a nodule breast as first manifestation of ECD. The patients were treated with corticosteroids associated or not with immunosuppressants. The mortality rate was 16%.
Conclusion: we reported a series of patients with ECD, enhancing the most frequent features. It is striking the number of patients with breast involvement; we propose to include the Erdheim-Chester disease in differential diagnosis of breast tumor.
Destructive Midline Lesions: Differential Diagnosis with ANCA Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Cosentino Máximo , Pena Claudia , Testi Adriana Carina , Capurro Martín , García Var Lucila , Martire María Victoria , Setien Florencia , García Mercedes Argentina
Published: December 2021

We present clinical cases of three Bolivian young adults who were hospitalized in the medical clinic rooms of a third level hospital for upper airway manifestation and lesions of the midline structures. Rheumatology service evaluated the diagnosis of ANCA associated Vasculitis, which is a differential diagnosis of the entity known as midline destructive lesion.
In all cases, the final diagnosis of T lymphoma was reached after an exhaustive histopathological study.
Recurrent Polychondritis as a Paraneoplastic Phenomenon in a Patient With Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Riscanevo Nadia , Baenas Diego , Flores Janet , Caeiro Francisco , Saurit Verónica , Alvarellos Alejandro , Pirola Juan Pablo , Olmedo Julieta , Caeiro Gastón
Published: December 2021

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of hematological diseases, characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis with risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia.
They can be associated to autoimmune manifestations in 10-30% of patients, appearing before, during or after the diagnosis of the hematological disorder. The prevalence of relapsing polychondritis as a paraneoplastic phenomenon is 0.7-5.4%, occurring simultaneously in the majority of cases. Other associated autoimmune processes include: systemic vasculitis, seronegative polyarthritis, neutrophilic dermatosis, immunomediated cytopenias, presence of autoantibodies and cryoglobulinemia. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman, with no previous medical history, who presented with recurrent polychondritis and systemic vasculitis associated with myelodysplasia.
Arthritis associated interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (DGIaA). Clinical case and narrative review
Authors: Delgado María Victoria , Manzone Anabel , Sabas Martín
Published: December 2021

Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with arthritis is an unusual condition that occurs with skin and joint manifestations. Its cutaneous form, it is characterized by the formation of cords or “bands” in a linear arrangement (pathognomonic of this disease) or arciform or eruptions of papular type or in plates, being associated polyarthritis. We present a case of a DGIaA, with special attention to its clinical-pathological relevance to estabish diagnosis and subsequent treatment, making a bibliographic review.
Serum levels of Interleukin 22 and Interleukin 6 decrease after treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Álvarez Ferreira María Clara , Alamino Vanina Alejandra , del Valle Acosta Cristina , Onetti Laura Beatriz , Musssano Eduardo Daniel , Cadile Isaac Ignacio , Zacca Estefanía Raquel , Gruppi Adriana , Acosta Rodriguez Eva Virginia , Ferrero Paola Virginia
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by synovium inflammation due to the infiltration of immune cells that secrete Th17 cytokines like IL-22 and IL-6. The dynamics of these cytokines during the treatment remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of IL-22 and IL-6 serum and synovial fluid (SF) in correlation with different biochemical and clinical parameters and treatment-associated changes.
Material and methods: Seventy-seven RA patients and 30 controls were recruited. Thirty patients were evaluated after 3 months of treatment and SF was collected of 12 patients. ESR, CRP, RF, anti-CCP hs, IL-22 e IL-6 were measured. DAS28 was used to assess disease activity and response to treatment followed EULAR criteria.
Results: There were not differences in serum IL-22 and IL-6 levels between patients and controls. Cytokine levels decreased after treatment, mainly in responder patients. IL-22 was decreased and IL-6 was increased in SF compared to serum. IL-6 correlated positively with CRP and anti-CCPhs. ESR, CRP and DAS28 were increased in patients with detectable IL-6 compared to those with undetectable IL-6.
Conclusion: In patients with detectable serum IL-22 and IL-6 levels before treatment initiation, follow-up of cytokine levels could be an useful additional tool to evaluate treatment response.
Retiform purpura, a diagnostic-therapeutic challenge
Authors: Bersano María Noelia , Ringer Ariana , Sanabria Álvaro , Abdala Marcelo , Sacnún Mónica
Published: December 2021

Cutaneous involvement is frequent and heterogeneous in autoimmune diseases. In some of them, such as in systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis and antiphospholipid syndrome, some manifestations are so relevant that are included in the classification criteria. Differential diagnosis ranges in severity. Since the disease may be life-threatening, a prompt diagnosis and treatment are mandatory. We describe a clinical case of a twenty-two-year-old woman with diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipidic syndrome, presenting with acute, painful cutaneous lesions with necrotic aspect, fever and livedo reticularis.
Autoimmune necrotizing myositis. Presentation of a clinical case
Authors: Plou Sabrina , Gaona María Elena , Caputo Víctor
Published: December 2021

Inflammatory myopathies (IM) or myositis are a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases of rare occurrence. Such diseases are characterized by inflammation of the different components of muscle tissue, which can occur either in isolation or, more commonly, as part of a systemic disorder. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNM) are a type of autoimmune myopathy characterized by proximal muscle weakness, myofiber necrosis with minimal inflammatory cell infiltrate on muscle biopsy and infrequent extramuscular involvement.
Even though there are clinical and histopathological similarities. The spectrum of inflammatory myopathies is considerably variable. Therefore, the performance of complementary studies is essential for the proper identification of the IM subtype to contribute accurately on treatment so determine the better prognosis).
The present article shows the case of a young 29 years old, with no personal and family history background of autoimmune disease and no relevant pathological back-ground. The patient consulted the medical ward of the Institution with pain, functional impairment of upper and lower extremities, muscle weakness mainly located in the pectoral girdle area and, although to a lesser degree, in the pelvic girdle area.
It was also associated with asthenia, tendency to drowsiness and hyporeactivity.
The Role of CDS Market in the Price Discovery Process of the “PIIGS” Countries Sovereign Credit Risk During the Recent Decade of Monetary Easing
Authors: Anelli Michele , Patanè Michele
Published: December 2021

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to analyze the long-lasting dynamic relationship between the credit default swap (CDS) premia and the government bond spreads (GBS), with regard to the sovereign credit risk. The practical focus is to evaluate whether the CDS market effectively is the leading or the lagging market in the credit risk price discovery process during the last decade of monetary easing. The analysis extends to all “sensitive” countries in the Eurozone, the so-called “PIIGS” countries (excluded Greece) for the interval 2007-2017.

JEL classification numbers: G01, G12, G14, G20.
Keywords: CDS spread, Government bond spread, Sovereign credit risk, Cointegration, Vector error correction model, Granger-causality.
Growing threats to environmental human rights defenders: The latest SLAPP suit developments in South Africa
Authors: Chamberlain Lisa
Published: December 2021

Human rights defenders’ lives, activism, and livelihoods are under threat globally. This is a particular reality for those working to protect land and natural resources. This article examines one of the forms in which environmental activists are being targeted in South Africa, namely the abuse of litigation processes to silence dissent, referred to as Strategic Litigation Against Public Participation (SLAPP suits). This article examines the development of SLAPP suits in South Africa and the impact that they have on the environmental sector and environmental rights. It then discusses some of the latest developments in SLAPP suits locally, including how in recent years, in addition to the more traditional defamation-style SLAPP suit, SLAPP suits have started to take new forms such as costs proceedings and allegations of intellectual property infringement. Lastly, this article explores possible responses to SLAPP suits, concluding that serious consideration needs to be given to anti-SLAPP legislation, the use of the special plea mechanism, and the opportunities for enhanced advocacy and solidarity action that SLAPP suits provide.
Ahşap Oyuncak Ustası Haşim Süzme'nin Gözünden Oyuncak
Authors: UYĞUR Ahmet , KORKMAZ Sidal
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada ahşap oyuncaklarıyla ünlenmiş olan Haşim Süzme’nin oyuncak ustası olma sürecindeki etkenlerin ortaya konması ve ahşap oyuncakların eğitimde kullanım alanlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma olgu-bilim deseninde tasarlanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada Haşim ustanın küçük yaşlardan itibaren ahşaptan eşyalar yaptığı geçen zamanla beraber ahşap oyuncak ustası olması sürecinde belli aşamalar kat ettiği söylenebilir. Ahşap oyuncak ustası Haşim Süzme’nin kullandığı materyalin yıllar içinde değişiklik göstermediğini söylemek mümkündür. Ahşap oyuncak ustası Haşim Süzme 10 yıldır okullara oyuncak temin ettiği, yılda yaklaşık 1200 oyuncak ürettiği ve istenildiği takdirde okullara ücretsiz olarak oyuncak gönderdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde; Haşim Süzme gibi ülkemizin farklı bölgelerinde bulunan ahşap oyuncak ustalarının tanıtılması amacıyla çalışmalar yapılabilir. Bu sayede bölgedeki okullar materyal temini açısından ahşap oyuncak ustalarından faydalanabilir.
Management of Popo village development strategy as a marine tourism village in Takalar Regency
Authors: Machmury Andri
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the right tourism development strategy to be implemented in Popo village as a coastal tourism village in Takalar Regency. The method of this research is descriptive research. The instruments in this study include; Observation of Data Documentation, Interview and Questionnaire. The result of the research shows that the development of tourist villages requires support from various parties so that they can become income for the community in the tourist village. In the development of tourist villages, there are various factors including driving factors and inhibiting factors. The driving factor of the tourist village being the driving force for the promotion of the tourist village will be a factor inhibiting the development of the tourist village so that it can be accepted and managed so that it can be entered as a tourism partner village.
Role playing vs RPGs as teaching strategies in educational procedure
Authors: Gatsakou Christina , Bardis Nikolaos , Drigas Athanasios
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to shed new light on an innovative teaching strategy and specifically presents the comparison between the use of Role Playing and the use of Role-Playing Games (RPGs) in the educational procedure emphasizing on the unique characteristics of the latter. I will present the theoretical framework of Role Playing and RPGs as well as their benefits and characteristics, concluding to their substantial difference.