bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPATIBILITY STUDY AND SUPPORTING CAPACITY OF TOURISM AT PERERENAN BEACH BADUNG, BALI
Authors: Vianthi Ni Putu Yunita Laura , Widiastuti Widiastuti
Published: January 2022

The challenge of Pererenan Beach Development is to determine the efficiency of resource utilization, so that it does not exceed its carrying capacity. The carrying capacity of Pererenan Beach tourism is carried out by analyzing the suitability of coastal tourism. Then calculate the capacity to measure the number of tourists that can be accommodated without damaging the ecosystem. This study aims to determine the suitability and carrying capacity of coastal tourism. The method used is quantitative and descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the carrying capacity of the area on Pererenan Beach was classified under the carrying capacity and had a very suitable relative criterion (S1) with a percentage value of 96% suitable for use as beach recreation tourism. The Covid-19 pandemic provides a lesson that the concept of carrying capacity is important to avoid mass tourism and reduce the number of tourists according to their capacity so that visitors get comfort and travel satisfaction.
ВПЛИВ АЕРОДИНАМІЧНОГО СЛІДУ АВІАНЕСУЧОГО СУДНА НА ДИНАМІЧНІ ПАРАМЕТРИ СУПУТНІХ ЛІТАЛЬНИХ АПАРАТІВ
Authors: Terlych S.V.
Published: January 2022

Вступ. Турбулентність в атмосфері є одним із основних факторів ризику для авіації. Великі вихори, які виникають при обтіканні складного рельєфу берегової місцевості та стаціонарних берегових споруд, а також як й атмосферний супутній слід за авіанесучим судном, є серйозною загрозою для літальних апаратів, що здійснюють зліт або посадку. Актуальність. Залежно від обставин літальний апарат, який потрапляє у вихоровий слід за судном, може відчувати сильні збурення підйомної сили, моментів крену, рискання й тангажуючого моменту. Саме обмеження у вихровій безпеці в основному визначають мінімальні дистанції між кораблем і літальним апаратом при посадці. Зліт і посадка на палубу авіаносного корабля є найскладнішими режимами пілотування. Метою дослідження є моделювання обтікання надводної частини судна повітряним потоком і формування когерентних структур від його корпусу й надбудов (рубок, щогл, спеціальних пристроїв) під час руху судна, його швартування або стоянки на якорі, урахування впливу хитавиці судна на формування й еволюцію когерентних структур атмосферного супутнього сліду, оцінка параметрів впливу збуреного потоку від судна на літального апарату. Методи та технології. Під час дослідження застосовано сіткові методи розв’язання початково-крайових задач прикладної аеродинаміки (RANS: Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) [2] і технології штучних нейронних мереж [3]. Отриманий результат не враховує в’язкої структури вихорів та «оцінки зверху» ступеня небезпечності вихорового сліду для літального апарату в супутньому сліді корабля. З іншого боку, вихоровий слід, який отримано сітковим методом, у силу високої схемової в’язкості, ураховуючи рихлу структуру вихорів, дає змогу дати «оцінку знизу». Зокрема, на рис. 6 спостерігається сплиття вихорового кластера (вихорів протилежного знаку) на значну висоту відносно поверхні моря. Висновки. 1. Створено комп’ютеру модель обтікання надводного корпусу та рубки судна повітряним потоком. 2. Отримано графічні залежності впливу хитавиці судна на формування супутнього аеродинамічного сліду за судном. 3. Виконано оцінку параметрів впливу збуреного потоку на літальні апарати в супутньому сліді в атмосфері за судном.
СТРУКТУРА Й ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНОЇ ДОСТАВКИ З ПОЗИЦІЇ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Berestenko V.V. , Onyshchenko S.P.
Published: January 2022

Вступ. Найближчий час – це період цифровізації транспортної логістики та ланцюгів постачань, що вимагає специфічної структуризації й моделювання тих об’єктів і процесів, які раніше не досліджувалися із цієї точки зору. Це є першим етапом руху в бік цифровізації, сутність якого – стандартизація структур не тільки документів, а й об’єктів і процесів. Для цифровізації мультимодальних доставок необхідна чітка ідентифікація структури й характеристик мультимодальної доставки, тобто формування системної моделі такої доставки. Це, у свою чергу, дасть змогу розглядати доставку не тільки локально в рамках певних цифрових рішень, а й інтегровано множину доставок мультимодального оператора з метою пошуку джерел підвищення ефективності, наприклад, на базі використання ефекту синергізму. Метою дослідження є формування системного уявлення мультимодальної доставки з урахуванням різних її аспектів, установлення основних характеристик доставки як інтегральних величин на базі її системного уявлення. Результати. Ідентифікована структура мультимодальної доставки відповідно до багатоаспектного погляду на неї. Як утворювальний елемент для подальшого дослідження з урахуванням специфіки цифровізації обрана «операція» транспортно-технологічного процесу, яка може бути виконана різними суб’єктами транспортного ринку. Побудовано основні можливі варіанти фізичного переміщення вантажу та пунктів змін транспортного засобу. Послідовність операцій пропонується уявляти у вигляді сіткової моделі, яка дає змогу з урахуванням основних характеристик кожної операції – часу, вартості й надійності – визначати підсумкові характеристики доставки в цілому. Запропоновано два підходи до визначення надійності доставки залежно від наявної статистичної інформації. Висновки. З урахуванням характеристик кожної компоненти альтернативного варіанта доставки формуються його підсумкові показники – вартість, час і надійність, які є базою для прийняття рішення щодо вибору відповідного варіанта. Зміна хоча б одного елемента в цій системі призводить до зміни характеристик усієї доставки. Це використовується для коригування варіантів у процесі пошуку того варіанта, який би відповідав вимогам, що висуваються.
Pemetaan Kelompok Sebaran Titik Gempa Bumi Mentawai Dengan Metode K-Medoids Clustering
Authors: Setiawan Yudi , Suprianto Safroni Aziz , Wijanarko Andang , Rini Dyah Setyo , Yusa Mochammad
Published: January 2022

Secara geologis Kepulauan Indonesia berada pada jalur penumjaman lempeng bumi, seperti penunjaman Lempeng Samudra Indo-Australia dengan Lempeng Benua Eurasia yang memanjang dari pantai barat Sumatera hingga pantai selatan Jawa terus ke timur sampai Nusa Tenggara.  Jalur penunjaman lempeng bumi di wilayah Kepulauan Indonesia merupakan jalur penyebab gempa tektonik yang mana bersifat regional dan umumnya kerusakan yang ditimbulkan sangat parah. Sebagian jalur gempa bumi tersebut berada di laut sehingga sangat berpotensi menimbulkan bencana tsunami . Di Indonesia sendiri, Daerah yang sangat rawan terjadinya gempa bumi dari dasar laut adalah Kepulauan Mentawai di Sumatera Barat.  Pada tahun 2010 Mentawai mengalami sejumlah gempa, yaitu gempa berkekuatan 6,8 SR pada 5 Maret 2010, disusul 6.5 SR pada 5 Mei 2010 dan terakhir gempa berkekuatan 7,8 SR pada 25 oktober 2010 yang diikuti dengan bencana tsunami. United States Geological Survey (USGS) adalah sebuah agensi ilmiah pemerintah Amerika Serikat yang didirikan pada 3 Maret 1879. Organisasi ini memiliki empat disiplin ilmiah utama, yaitu biologi, geografi, geologi, dan air. Salah satu program dari USGS adalah memonitor aktivitas gempa bumi di seluruh dunia, tak terkecuali data gempa kepulauan mentawai yang disediakan dalam bentuk datasheet. Dengan adanya kemajuan teknologi saat ini, dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat memberikan informasi mengenai pemetaan kelompok sebaran titik gempa bumi mentawai dengan clustering gempa bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Membangun Sistem Informasi yang dapat melakukan pemetaan pola sebaran gempa bumi mentawai tahun 2010 – 2019 dan juga bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan metode K-Medoid Clustering untuk menganalisis dan memetakan pola Sebaran gempa bumi mentawai tahun 2010 – 2019. Untuk memetakan pola sebaran gempa bumi tersebut digunakan dua (2) parameter yaitu kedalaman dan kekuatan gempa bumi dengan menggunakan metode K-Medoid Clustering. Luaran yang dihasilkan berupa layout peta hasil perhitungan dari metode K-Medoids Clustering selama sepuluh (10) tahun yaitu tahun 2010 – 2019 yang terdapat sebanyak 1356 data. Selain itu terdapat juga luaran yang dihasilkan berupa tampilan diagram batang dan diagram lingkaran.
Isopropanol to Hydrocarbons Transformation Particularities on Hybrid Zeolite H-ZSM-5 and H-Beta Systems
Authors: Brovko R. , Mushinskii L. , Doluda V.
Published: January 2022

The continuous depletion of hydrocarbon sources contributes to a wide study of the use of biorenewable raw materials to obtain synthetic hydrocarbons from them. Isopropyl alcohol is traditionally produced by chemical hydration of propylene, however, with the development of biotechnology, broad prospects have opened for its production by fermentation of glucose-containing substrates obtained from agricultural and forestry waste. This way, isopropyl alcohol can also be considered as a bio-renewable raw material and it can be widely used for the production of chemical synthesis products, including hydrocarbons. One of the possible ways of processing isopropyl alcohol is the catalytic transformation of alcohols on zeolites and zeotypes of various natures with the formation of hydrocarbons. Currently, zeolite H-ZSM-5 and zeotype SAPO-34 are the most frequently used catalysts for the transformation of alcohols into hydrocarbons, however, their rapid deactivation due to the formation of a carbon residue remains an unresolved problem. The formation of core-shell structures with H-ZSM-5 zeolite in center and an outer shell consist of H-Beta zeolite with large pores can reduce the deactivation of zeolite because of increase in reagents diffusion rate. In this article is devoted to synthesis of ZSM-5/Beta sample with a core-shell structure, as well as a study of its catalytic and physicochemical properties. To form the H-ZSM-5 zeolite, a colloidal solution of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, a colloidal solution of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium hydroxide of distilled water was used. The colloidal solution was placed in an autoclave, heated to 140 °C and kept at this temperature for 48 hours, after which the crystals formed were centrifuged, washed with distilled water and kept in a 1M solution of ammonium nitrate for a day. Then, to form the H-Beta layer, H-ZSM-5 was suspended in a colloidal solution consisting of tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium chloride, a colloidal solution of silicon oxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride and distilled water. The suspension was placed in an autoclave and kept at a temperature of 140 °C for 48 hours, followed by centrifugation, washing in distilled water, suspended in a 1M solution of ammonium nitrate, with repeated washing with distilled water, drying and calcining at 600 °C. Testing of the synthesized of H-ZSM-5/Beta zeolite sample showed a significant decrease in the rate of deactivation compared to the synthesized sample of H-ZSM-5; it is also necessary to note a slight increase in the fraction of liquid hydrocarbons for the sample H-ZSM-5/Beta.
Development Dynamics of Albizia julibrissin Durazz. Сenopopulations Found in Azerbaijan
Authors: Mammadova Z.
Published: January 2022

The Albizia julibrissin Durazz. species — one of the relict leguminous trees found in the Republic of Azerbaijan has been investigated. The dynamics of the development of the cenopopulation, in which the species is widespread, was observed in the association of the Persian silk tree or pink silk tree (Albizziaetum julibrissin), and this development was not considered satisfactory. Because the defoliation of species was observed under conditions of middle and older generative age. Observations of weakened and severely weakened viability during the study indicate an unsatisfactory current and future state of the species in this area. The study of the Albizia julibrissin Durazz. species entered in the Red Book of Azerbaijan at the level of cenopopulation allows making predictions about the future population of this plant.
Anthropogenic Transformation of Some Properties and Composition of Gazh Gray-Brown Soils of the Ganja-Gazakh Plain
Authors: Orujeva R.
Published: January 2022

Gay gray-brown soils are distributed mainly in the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, on the Ganja-Gazakh plain and in the lower reaches of the Araz basin. They are formed by changing volcanic rocks in hot and dry climates. In the process of erosion and soil formation, pyrite, alunitized and other sulfur-containing rocks turn into gazh, on which gray-brown gazh soils are formed. As a result of human activity, i. e. deep plowing and irrigation, these lands are being converted. It turned out that the transformation of these soils is clearly felt in the thickness of the humus layer, its distribution along the profile, quantity and composition. The thickness of the humus layer increases from 40–45 cm to 100 cm. As a result of the transformation, the length of the humus profile is constantly decreasing. Changes in the composition of humus led to an increase in the content of humic acids. Although the coefficient in the uncultivated area decreased from 1.36 to 0.80, in the irrigated area it changed from 1.70 to 0.93.
Practice of Protecting the Potato Stubs From Diseases and Sprouting When Storage
Authors: Agayev F.
Published: January 2022

All over the planet, potatoes are an important staple food crop. However, to maintain the quality of the tubers and increase their availability, it is necessary to store the tubers for a long time, often using industrial scale equipment. In this context, maintaining potato quality is critical for the seed, fresh and processing sectors. The industry has always innovated and invested in improved post-harvest storage. However, the rate of technological change is accelerating and will continue to accelerate. Stricter legislation and changing consumer attitudes are driving increased interest in creating alternative or complementary post-harvest treatments to traditional growth suppression and disease control chemicals. We are considering modern knowledge about the biochemical factors that determine the state of dormancy, as well as the influence of factors before and after harvest on ensuring the quality of potato tubers. In addition, the role of genomics as a future approach to improving potato quality is discussed. It is critical, thanks to more focused industry research, to understand how pre-harvest conditions affect tuber quality and the factors that determine the transition to dormancy, which should create the conditions for achieving sustainable storage.
Investigating the Self-Perceptions and Experiences of Veiled Women in Pakistan
Authors: Noor Sidra , Malik Muhammad A.
Published: January 2022

The present phenomenological study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of veil-taking women. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 purposefully selected Pakistani veil-taking women. Construct validity of the tool was checked through expert opinion from 5 experts from social sciences and qualitative research fields. Respondents reported three main reasons for taking the veil: Islam and Quranic values, family norms, and fashion. All the participants looked at their veil approvingly and considered it a sign of respect, freedom, and empowerment. However, some women reported that they had faced prejudice, discrimination, and stereotypical attitude due to their veil. The study suggests that wearing a veil or not should be the right of a woman. Neither should a person be ridiculed, harassed, or discriminated for taking; nor for not taking it.
Employee Job Satisfaction in Higher Educational Institutes: A Review of Theories
Authors: Khan Ali Junaid , Bhatti Muhammad Azhar , Hussain Altaf , Ahmad Rashid , Iqbal Jawad
Published: January 2022

Employee Job satisfaction is an indication of how happy you are with your job. A person will feel confident and enthused about their work if they adhere to this value of job satisfaction. Teachers play a crucial role in the delivery of knowledge in higher educational institutes, As a result, it is no wonder that the subject of their job satisfaction frequently comes up in conversation. Job-satisfaction theories from Maslow to Lock have all been proposed to try to explain or understand the phenomenon of job satisfaction and motivation. Factors that contribute to employee job satisfaction change over time and cultural aspects are very important very analyzing these theories. In this study, a descriptive research design is used, and conclusions are drawn using a theory-based approach. According to the findings, job satisfaction of academic staff can be improved by implementing theories of satisfaction/motivation in higher educational institutes. Job satisfaction of academic staff leads towards the delivery of quality education resulting in student satisfaction and better university performance. This study has several implications for researchers and policymakers that it makes no difference whether theories are correct or incorrect; rather, it is determined by the environment in which they are used. Theories must be redesigned to incorporate the most recent results in human psychology.
Use of Rapid Drug Desensitization in Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions to Chemotherapy and Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Vega Arantza , Peña M. Isabel , Torrado Inés
Published: January 2022

Background:

Rapid drug desensitization (RDD) allows first-line therapies in patients with immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) to chemotherapeutic drugs (ChD) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Desensitization in delayed drug reactions has traditionally used slow protocols extending up to several weeks; RDD protocols have been scarcely reported.

Patients and Method:

We retrospectively analyzed the patients referred to the Allergy Department, who had experienced a delayed DHR (> 6 h) related to a ChD or mAb and underwent an RDD protocol. The rate of successful administration of the offending drug and the presence of adverse reactions were evaluated.

Results:

A total of 93 RDDs were performed in 11 patients (including 6 men and 5 women, with a median age of 61 years). The primary DHR were maculopapular exanthema (MPE) (8), generalized delayed urticaria (1), MPE with pustulosis and facial edema (1), and facial edema with desquamative eczema (1). The meantime for the onset of symptoms was 3 days (range 1–16 days). RDD was performed using a protocol involving 8–13 steps, with temozolomide (25), bendamustine (4), rituximab (9), infliximab (24), gemcitabine (23), and docetaxel (8), within 4.6–6.5 h. Sixteen breakthrough reactions were reported during the RDD (17.2 %) in 5 patients; all were mild reactions including 11 delayed and 5 immediate reactions. All patients completed their treatment.

Conclusions:

RDD is a potentially safe and effective procedure in patients suffering from delayed reactions to ChD and mAb. It allows them to receive full treatment in a short period, thereby reducing time and hospital visits.
Identification and Comprehensive Prognostic Analysis of a Novel Chemokine-Related lncRNA Signature and Immune Landscape in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liang Xiaolong , Yu Gangfeng , Zha Lang , Guo Xiong , Cheng Anqi , Qin Chuan , Zhang Han , Wang Ziwei
Published: January 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with poor survival outcomes. Immunotherapy can improve the prognosis of many cancers, including GC. However, in clinical practice, not all cancer patients are sensitive to immunotherapy. Therefore, it is essential to identify effective biomarkers for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy sensitivity of GC. In recent years, chemokines have been widely reported to regulate the tumor microenvironment, especially the immune landscape. However, whether chemokine-related lncRNAs are associated with the prognosis and immune landscape of GC remains unclear. In this study, we first constructed a novel chemokine-related lncRNA risk model to predict the prognosis and immune landscape of GC patients. By using various algorithms, we identified 10 chemokine-related lncRNAs to construct the risk model. Then, we determined the prognostic efficiency and accuracy of the risk model. The effectiveness and accuracy of the risk model were further validated in the testing set and the entire set. In addition, our risk model exerted a crucial role in predicting the infiltration of immune cells, immune checkpoint genes expression, immunotherapy scores and tumor mutation burden of GC patients. In conclusion, our risk model has preferable prognostic performance and may provide crucial clues to formulate immunotherapy strategies for GC.
MFG-E8 Maintains Cellular Homeostasis by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Pancreatic Exocrine Acinar Cells
Authors: Ren Yifan , Liu Wuming , Zhang Jia , Bi Jianbin , Fan Meng , Lv Yi , Wu Zheng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wu Rongqian
Published: January 2022

Graphical Abstract

MFG-E8 alleviate ER stress in pancreatic exocrine acinar cells via αVβ3/5 integrin-FAK-STAT3 pathway.
Modeling and Simulation of Reaction Environment in Photoredox Catalysis: A Critical Review
Authors: de Oliveira Gabriela Xavier , Lira Jéssica Oliveira de Brito , Riella Humberto Gracher , Soares Cíntia , Padoin Natan
Published: January 2022

From the pharmaceutical industry’s point of view, photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of the synthesis of added-value compounds. With this method, it is possible to excite the catalyst by the action of light, allowing electron transfer processes to occur and, consequently, oxidation and reduction reactions. Thus, in association with photoredox catalysis, microreactor technology and continuous flow chemistry also play an important role in the development of organic synthesis processes, as this technology offers high yields, high selectivity and reduced side reactions. However, there is a lack of a more detailed understanding of the photoredox catalysis process, and computational tools based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to deal with this and boost to reach higher levels of accuracy to continue innovating in this area. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of photoredox catalysis is provided, including the application of this technology for the synthesis of added-value chemicals in microreactors. Moreover, the advantages of the continuous flow system in comparison with batch systems are pointed out. It was also demonstrated how modeling and simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be critical for the design and optimization of microreactors applied to photoredox catalysis, so as to better understand the reagent interactions and the influence of light in the reaction medium. Finally, a discussion about the future prospects of photoredox reactions considering the complexity of the process is presented.
Orthogonal Activation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Using Coordination Chemogenetics
Authors: Senoo Akinobu , Yamada Yutaro , Ojima Kento , Doura Tomohiro , Hamachi Itaru , Kiyonaka Shigeki
Published: January 2022

Cell-surface receptors play a pivotal role as transducers of extracellular input. Although different cell types express the same receptor, the physiological roles of the receptor are highly dependent on cell type. To understand each role, tactics for cell-specific activation of the target receptor are in high demand. Herein, we developed an orthogonal activation method targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1), a G-protein coupled receptor. In this method, direct activation via coordination-based chemogenetics (dA-CBC) was adopted, where activation of mGlu1 was artificially induced by a protein conformational change in response to the coordination of a metal ion or metal-ion complex. Our structure-based protein design and screening approach identified mGlu1 mutants that were directly activated by the coordination of Cu2+ or Zn2+, in addition to our previous Pd-complex-sensitive mGlu1 mutant. Notably, the activation of the mutants was mutually orthogonal, resulting in cell-type selective activation in a model system using HEK293 cells.
Zn-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent as the Stabilizing Electrolyte for Zn Metal Anode in Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Thorat Gaurav M. , Ho Van-Chuong , Mun Junyoung
Published: January 2022

Owing to its low cost and high safety, metallic zinc has received considerable attention as an anode material for zinc aqueous batteries (ZIBs). However, the Zn metal instability as a result ultrafast of obstinate dendrite formation, free-water-induced parasite reactions, and corrosive electrolytes has detrimental effects on the implementation of ZIBs. We present an alternative stable electrolyte for ZIBs based on a zinc chloride/ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (DES). This electrolyte consists of abundant low-cost materials and a utilizable Zn2+ concentration of approximately 1 M. It combines the advantages of the aqueous and DES media to provide safe and reversible Zn plating/stripping with a two-fold increase in the cycling life compared to that of conventional aqueous electrolytes. With these advantages, the Zn symmetric cell operates at 0.2 mA cm−2 for 300 h. Due to its high efficiency and compositional versatility, this electrolyte enables the investigation of a non-aqueous electrolyte family for ZIBs that fulfill grid-scale electrical energy storage requirements.
Blood Biomarkers and Serologic Immunological Profiles Related to Periodontitis in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Patients
Authors: Salhi Leila , Rijkschroeff Patrick , Van Hede Dorien , Laine Marja L. , Teughels Wim , Sakalihasan Natzi , Lambert France
Published: January 2022

Background

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory gum disease associated with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases.

Aim

To investigate the association of systemic blood biomarkers, C-reactive protein (CRP), levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and IgG levels against periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) with the stability, based on the aortic diameter, the growth rate and the eligibility for surgical intervention, of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Methods

Patients with stable AAA (n = 30) and unstable AAA (n = 31) were recruited. The anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans and anti-P. gingivalis IgG levels were analyzed by ELISA, the LPS analysis was performed by using the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test, and plasma levels of CRP were determined using an immune turbidimetric method. The association between these blood systemic biomarkers, AAA features, periodontal clinical parameters and oral microbial profiles were explored. Regression models were used to test the relationship between variables.

Results

The presence of antibodies against Pg and Aa, LPS and high CRP concentrations were found in all AAA patients. The IgG levels were similar in patients with stable and unstable AAA (both for Aa and Pg). Among investigated blood biomarkers, only CRP was associated with AAA stability. The amount of LPS in saliva, supra, and subgingival plaque were significantly associated with the systemic LPS (p <0.05).

Conclusions

This post-hoc study emphasizes the presence of antibodies against Pg and Aa, LPS and high CRP concentrations in all AAA patients. The presence of Pg in saliva and subgingival plaque was significantly associated with the blood LPS levels. For further studies investigating periodontitis and systemic diseases, specific predictive blood biomarkers should be considered instead of the use of antibodies alone.
Relevant Physiological Indicators for Assessing Workload in Conditionally Automated Driving, Through Three-Class Classification and Regression
Authors: Meteier Quentin , De Salis Emmanuel , Capallera Marine , Widmer Marino , Angelini Leonardo , Abou Khaled Omar , Sonderegger Andreas , Mugellini Elena
Published: January 2022

In future conditionally automated driving, drivers may be asked to take over control of the car while it is driving autonomously. Performing a non-driving-related task could degrade their takeover performance, which could be detected by continuous assessment of drivers' mental load. In this regard, three physiological signals from 80 subjects were collected during 1 h of conditionally automated driving in a simulator. Participants were asked to perform a non-driving cognitive task (N-back) for 90 s, 15 times during driving. The modality and difficulty of the task were experimentally manipulated. The experiment yielded a dataset of drivers' physiological indicators during the task sequences, which was used to predict drivers' workload. This was done by classifying task difficulty (three classes) and regressing participants' reported level of subjective workload after each task (on a 0–20 scale). Classification of task modality was also studied. For each task, the effect of sensor fusion and task performance were studied. The implemented pipeline consisted of a repeated cross validation approach with grid search applied to three machine learning algorithms. The results showed that three different levels of mental load could be classified with a f1-score of 0.713 using the skin conductance and respiration signals as inputs of a random forest classifier. The best regression model predicted the subjective level of workload with a mean absolute error of 3.195 using the three signals. The accuracy of the model increased with participants' task performance. However, classification of task modality (visual or auditory) was not successful. Some physiological indicators such as estimates of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, respiratory amplitude, and temporal indices of heart rate variability were found to be relevant measures of mental workload. Their use should be preferred for ongoing assessment of driver workload in automated driving.
Sphingolipid Profiling: A Promising Tool for Stratifying the Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Risk
Authors: Berkowitz Loni , Cabrera-Reyes Fernanda , Salazar Cristian , Ryff Carol D. , Coe Christopher , Rigotti Attilio
Published: January 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multicomponent risk condition that reflects the clustering of individual cardiometabolic risk factors related to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. MetS increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there still is not total clinical consensus about the definition of MetS, and its pathophysiology seems to be heterogeneous. Moreover, it remains unclear whether MetS is a single syndrome or a set of diverse clinical conditions conferring different metabolic and cardiovascular risks. Indeed, traditional biomarkers alone do not explain well such heterogeneity or the risk of associated diseases. There is thus a need to identify additional biomarkers that may contribute to a better understanding of MetS, along with more accurate prognosis of its various chronic disease risks. To fulfill this need, omics technologies may offer new insights into associations between sphingolipids and cardiometabolic diseases. Particularly, ceramides –the most widely studied sphingolipid class– have been shown to play a causative role in both T2DM and CVD. However, the involvement of simple glycosphingolipids remains controversial. This review focuses on the current understanding of MetS heterogeneity and discuss recent findings to address how sphingolipid profiling can be applied to better characterize MetS-associated risks.
Determining the Recoverable Geothermal Resources Using a Numerical Thermo-Hydraulic Coupled Modeling in Geothermal Reservoirs
Authors: Fan Yifan , Zhang Shikuan , Huang Yonghui , Pang Zhonghe , Li Hongyan
Published: January 2022

Recoverable geothermal resources are very important for geothermal development and utilization. Generally, the recovery factor is a measure of available geothermal resources in a geothermal field. However, it has been a pre-determined ratio in practice and sustainable utilization of geothermal resources was not considered in the previous calculation of recoverable resources. In this work, we have attempted to develop a method to calculate recoverable geothermal resources based on a numerical thermo-hydraulic coupled modeling of a geothermal reservoir under exploitation, with an assumption of sustainability. Taking a geothermal reservoir as an example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The recoverable geothermal resources are 6.85 × 1018 J assuming a lifetime of 100 years in a well doublet pattern for geothermal heating. We further discuss the influence of well spacing on the recoverable resources. It is found that 600 m is the optimal well spacing with maximum extracted energy that conforms to the limit of the pressure drop and no temperature drop in the production well. Under the uniform well distribution pattern for sustainable exploitation, the recovery factor is 26.2%, which is higher than the previous value of 15% when depending only on lithology. The proposed method for calculating the recoverable geothermal resources is instructive for making decisions for sustainable exploitation.
Comparison of the Dynamic and Static Corner Frequencies in Ground Motion Simulation: Cases Study of Jiuzhaigou Earthquake and Northridge Earthquake
Authors: Dang Pengfei , Liu Qifang , Ji Linjian
Published: January 2022

By using the stochastic finite-fault method based on static corner frequency (Model 1) and dynamic corner frequency (Model 2), we calculate the far-field received energy (FRE) and acceleration response spectra (SA) and then compare it with the observed SA. The results show that FRE obtained by the two models depends on the subfault size regardless of high-frequency scaling factor (HSF). Considering the HSF, the results obtained by Model 1 and Model 2 are found to be consistent. Then, similar conclusion was obtained from the Northridge earthquake. Finally, we analyzed the reasons and proposed the areas that need to be improved.
Oil Occurrence States in Shale Mixed Inorganic Matter Nanopores
Authors: Liang Shuang , Wang Jia-Ming , Liu Yi-Kun , Liu Bo , Sun Shuo , Shen An-Qi , Tao Fei-Yu
Published: January 2022

In present paper, the mineral and fluid compositions of shale oil from the Songliao Basin are analyzed systematically using core samples, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and gas chromatography (GC). The effects of shale mineral composition, pore size, temperature, and pressure on the mass density of the adsorbed layers are then studied utilizing molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that illite and quartz are predominant in the micro petrological components of the shale, and nC19 is the main carbon peak. The fluid consists primarily of n-alkane molecules, and nC19 is found to be representative of the shale oil composition. Moreover, the adsorbing effect of quartz-illite mixed wall is between that of a pure mineral wall (illite and quartz), indicating that the selection of a mixed wall is similar to the actual shale composition. If the pores are inorganic, the minimum pore size of only adsorption oil is smaller than the organic pores. The critical adsorption point of shale oil in inorganic pores is less than 3.2 nm. Furthermore, compared to pressure, the temperature has a more significant effect on fluid adsorption due to the correlation with the kinetic energy of alkane molecules. This research shows the oil occurrence status in inorganic matter nanopore with a mixed solid wall, and provides theoretical support for shale oil exploration.
eLuna: A Co-Design Framework for Narrative Digital Game-Based Learning that Support STEAM
Authors: Breien Fredrik , Wasson Barbara
Published: January 2022

STEAM education enables the cross-curricular study of subjects based on their naturally occurring relationships through holistic and integrated methods. Narratives are enablers of STEAM learning environments, something that is evident in the exploration of narrative learning from pre-recorded history until present. Narrative Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) use narratives to drive the game. The extended Ludo Narrative Variable Model (the Variable Model) is a narratological model for categorization of narrative DGBL. Empirical evidence from categorizing narrative DGBL on the Variable Model shows that there is a particular set of categories that incur positive effects on engagement, motivation, and learning. This article introduces the eLuna co-design framework that builds on these categories and empowers educators to participate alongside game developers in multidisciplinary design and development of narrative DGBL. eLuna comprises 1) a four-phase co-design method, and 2) a visual language to support the co-design and co-specification of the game to a blueprint that can be implement by game developers. Idun’s Apples, a narrative DGBL co-designed, co-specified, and implemented into a prototype using eLuna, is presented to illustrate the use of the method and visual language. Arguing that narrative DGBL are vessels for STEAM learning, seven eLuna co-designed games are examined to illustrate that they support STEAM. The article concludes that narrative DGBL co-designed using the eLuna framework provide high opportunity and potential for supporting STEAM, providing educators and game developers with a STEAM co-design framework that enforces positive effects on engagement, motivation, and learning.
The Impacts of Market Segmentation on Thermal Power Generation Efficiency
Authors: Liu Minghui , Ju Chunhua , Wang Yan
Published: January 2022

China’s power industry is in a critical transformation period. The new round of power system reform in 2015 will have a profound impact on China’s power industry. Therefore, it’s necessary to analyze the influencing factors of thermal power generation efficiency. Based on the thermal power generation industry related data in China’s 30 provinces from 2005 to 2017, this paper studies the impacts of market segmentation on thermal power generation efficiency in China. And the empirical result shows that the market segmentation exhibit significant negative effects on the thermal power generation efficiency, that is, the thermal power generation efficiency significantly decrease 1.6799 for each unit increase of market segmentation index of thermal power industry. Besides, by decomposing the dynamic thermal power efficiency index, we find that the “innovation effect” is the primary channel for the market segmentation to make effects on the thermal power generation efficiency. Furthermore, our findings are still robust after considering endogenous problems and eliminating the relevant data. Finally, research conclusions of our study paper provide empirical supports for the efficient development of China’s power market.
Current Progress of Jatropha Curcas Commoditisation as Biodiesel Feedstock: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Riayatsyah T. M. I. , Sebayang A. H. , Silitonga A. S. , Padli Y. , Fattah I. M. R. , Kusumo F. , Ong H. C. , Mahlia T. M. I.
Published: January 2022

This article looks at the national and global actors, social networks, and narratives that have influencedJatropha’sworldwide acceptability as a biofuel crop.Jatropha Curcasis a genus of around 175 succulent shrubs and trees in theEuphorbiaceaefamily (some of which are deciduous, such asJatropha CurcasL.). It’s a drought-tolerant perennial that thrives in poor or marginal soil and produces a large amount of oil per hectare. It is easy to grow, has a fast growth rate, and can generate seeds for up to 50 years.Jatropha Curcashas been developed as a unique and promising tropical plant for augmenting renewable energy sources due to its various benefits. It is deserving of being recognised as the only competitor in terms of concrete and intangible environmental advantages.Jatropha Curcasis a low-cost biodiesel feedstock with good fuel properties and more oil than other species. It is a non-edible oilseed feedstock. Thus it will have no impact on food prices or the food vs fuel debate.Jatropha Curcasemits fewer pollutants than diesel and may be used in diesel engines with equivalent performance.Jatropha Curcasalso makes a substantial contribution to the betterment of rural life. The plant may also provide up to 40% oil yield per seed based on weight. This study looks at the features characteristics ofJatropha Curcasas biodiesel feedstock and performance, and emissions of internal combustion engine that operates on this biodiesel fuel.
The Leading-Edge Structure Based on Geometric Bionics Affects the Transient Cavitating Flow and Vortex Evolution of Hydrofoils
Authors: Yan Hao , Zhang Haozhou , Wang Junhua , Song Tianya , Qi Fenglei
Published: January 2022

A hydrofoil is a fundamental structure in fluid machinery, and it is widely applied to the fields of propellers, blades of axial flow pumps and underwater machinery. To reveal that the geometric structure of the leading-edge of a hydrofoil is the mechanism that affects the transient cavitating flow, we regard the three fish-type leading-edge structures of mackerel, sturgeon and small yellow croaker as the research objects and use high-precision non-contact 3D scanners to establish three bionic hydrofoils (Mac./Stu./Cro.). We use large eddy simulation to simulate the transient cavitating flow of hydrofoils numerically and compare and analyze their lift–drag characteristics, the transient behavior of unsteady cavitation and the vortex evolution. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The warping of leading-edge structure will cause a change in lift–drag characteristics, and the Cro. hydrofoil has a good lift-to-drag ratio. When the leading-edge structure is tilted upward (Cro. hydrofoil), the position of the attached cavity will move forward, which will accelerate the cavitation evolution and improve the velocity fluctuation of the trailing edge. When the leading-edge structure is tilted downward (Stu. hydrofoil), the change in the vortex stretching and dilatation terms will be complex, and the influence area of the vortex will widen.
Knowledge Sharing Strategy and Emission Reduction Benefits of Low Carbon Technology Collaborative Innovation in the Green Supply Chain
Authors: Wang Fuqiang , Li Huimin , Cao Yongchao , Zhang Chengyi , Ran Yunlong
Published: January 2022

Knowledge sharing (KS) in the green supply chain (GSC) is jointly determined by the KS efforts of suppliers and manufacturers. This study uses the differential game method to explore the dynamic strategy of KS and the benefits of emission reduction in the process of low carbon (LC) technology in the GSC. The optimal trajectory of the knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits of suppliers and manufacturers under different strategies are obtained. The validity of the model and the results are verified by numerical simulation analysis, and the sensitivity analysis of the main parameters in the case of collaborative sharing is carried out. The results show that in the case of centralized decision-making, the KS efforts of suppliers and manufacturers are the highest, and the knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits of GSC are also the best. The cost-sharing mechanism can realize the Pareto improvement of GSC’s knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits, but the cost-sharing mechanism can only increase the supplier’s KS effort level. In addition, this study found that the price of carbon trading and the rate of knowledge decay have a significant impact on KS. The study provides a theoretical basis for promoting KS in the GSC and LC technology innovation.
A Comparative Study of Particulate Matter Between New Delhi, India and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period
Authors: Singh Bhupendra Pratap , Eldesoky Gaber E. , Kumar Pramod , Chandra Prakash , Islam Md Ataul , Rahman Shakilur
Published: January 2022

Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), after being identified in late December 2019 in Wuhan city of China, spread very fast and has affected all the countries in the world. The impact of lockdowns on particulate matter during the lockdown period needs attention to explore the correlation between anthropogenic and natural emissions. The current study has demonstrated the changes in fine particulate matter PM2.5, PM10 and their effect on air quality during the lockdown. The air quality before the lockdown was low in New Delhi (India) and Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), among major cities worldwide. The air quality of India is influenced by dust and sand from the desert and surrounding areas. Thus, the current study becomes important to analyse changes in the air quality of the Indian sub-continent as impacted by dust storms from long distances. The result indicated a significant reduction of PM2.5 and PM10 from 93.24 to 37.89 μg/m3 and from 176.55 to 98.87 μg/m3 during the lockdown period as compared to pre lockdown period, respectively. The study shows that average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 have declined by -44% and -59% during the lockdown period in Delhi. The average value of median PM10 was calculated at 33.71 μg/m3 for Riyadh, which was lower than that value for New Delhi during the same period. The values of PM10 were different for pre and during the lockdown periods in Riyadh, indicating the considerable influence on air quality, especially the concentration of PM10, from both the natural (sand and dust storms) and the anthropogenic sources during the lockdown periods. However, relatively smaller gains in the improvement of air quality in Riyadh were correlated to the imposition of milder lockdown and the predominance of natural factors over the anthropogenic factors there. The Air Quality Index (AQI) data for Delhi showed the air quality to be ‘satisfactory’ and in the green category during the lockdown period. This study attempts to better understand the impact of particulate matter on the short- and long-term air quality in Delhi during the lockdown. This study has the scope of being scaled up nationwide, and this might be helpful in formulation air pollution reduction and sustainable management policies in the future.
Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Pathogenic Fungi in Chilga District, North Gondar, Ethiopia
Authors: Tilahun Sefinew , Alemu Marye , Tsegaw Mesfin , Berhane Nega
Published: January 2022

Ginger diseases caused by fungal pathogens have become one of the most serious problems causing reduced production around the world. It has also caused a major problem among farmers in different parts of Ethiopia resulting in a huge decline in rhizome yield. However, the exact causative agents of this disease have not been identified in the state. Although there are few studies related to pathogenic fungus identification, molecular level identification of fungal pathogen was not done in the area. Therefore, this study was undertaken to isolate and characterized the fungal causative agent of ginger disease from the diseased plant and the soil samples collected around the diseased plant from Chilga district, Gondar, Ethiopia. Samples from infected ginger plants and the soil around the infected plant were collected. Culturing and purification of isolates were made using Potato Dextrose Agar supplemented with antibacterial agent chloramphenicol. The morphological characterization was done by structural identification of the isolates under the microscope using lactophenol cotton blue stains. Isolated fungi were cultured and molecular identification was done using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). A total of 15 fungal morphotypes including 11 Aspergillus spp. (73.3%), 2 Penicillium spp. (13.3%), and single uncultured fungus clone S23 were isolated from the samples representing all the plant organs and the soil. Aspergillus spp. (73.3%) was the most common and seems to be the major causative agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ginger pathogenic fungi in Ethiopia identified using ITS rDNA molecular techniques. This study will lay foundation for the development of management strategies for fungal diseases infecting ginger.