bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controversial Impact of Sirtuins in Chronic Non-Transmissible Diseases and Rehabilitation Medicine
Authors: Mongelli Alessia , Gaetano Carlo
Published: July 2018

A large body of evidence report about the positive effects of physical activity in some pathophysiological conditions associated with age. Physical exercise alone or in combination with other medical therapies, unquestionably, causes reduction of symptoms in chronic non-transmissible diseases often leading to significant amelioration or complete healing. The molecular basis of this exciting therapeutic outcome, however, remain obscure. Epigenetics, exploring at the interface between the environment and the remodelling of chromatin structure, promises to shed light on this intriguing matter possibly contributing to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we shall focalize on the role of class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), sirtuins (Sirts), which altered function has been frequently associated to the pathogenesis of aging-associated diseases including cancer, cardiovascular, muscular, neurodegenerative, bones and respiratory diseases, often with a controversial role. Numerous studies, in fact, demonstrate that Sirt-dependent pathways are activated upon physical and cognitive exercises linking the modulation of mitochondrial function, DNA structure and gene expression to designed medical therapies eventually leading to tangible beneficial outcomes. However, in similar conditions, other studies assign to sirtuins a negative pathophysiological role. Nevertheless, to study sirtuins in chronic diseases might lead to improve life quality in the elderly.
Oncomir  Microrna-346  is Upregulated  in Ascending but Not Sigmoid Colon in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis with Concurrent Ulcerative Colitis.
Authors: Kempinska-Podhorodecka Agnieszka , Blatkiewicz Malgorzata , Wunsch Ewa , Krupa Lukasz , Gutkowski Krzysztof , Milkiewicz Piotr , Milkiewicz Malgorzata
Published: July 2018

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholestatic liver disorder frequently associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients with PSC and UC have higher risk of colorectal neoplasia than patients with UC without PSC. Oncogenic properties of micro RNA 346 (miR-346) have been recently reported. In this study we investigated expressions of miR-346 and its two target genes i.e. the receptor of vitamin D (VDR) and the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), which are known to modulate carcinogenesis. Biopsies from ascending and sigmoid colon were obtained from patients with PSC with and without UC, patients with UC and healthy controls. MiR-346 expression was increased in ascending but not sigmoid colon of patients with PSC and UC when compared to other analyzed groups (p<0.001 for all). In patients with UC an exceptionally low colonic expression of miRNA-346 was accompanied by the increase in VDR expression, and the extensive upregulation of TNF-α gene which protein product is known to be cytotoxic to tumor cells at high concentration. In summary, a substantial upregulation of miRNA-346 in ascending colon of patients with PSC and UC may be responsible for the inhibition of VDR and TNF-α signaling -pathway which may result in an inadequate suppression of neoplasia.
Temporal changes in the ring seine fishery of Kerala, India
Authors: Das P. H. Dhiju , Edwin Leela
Published: July 2018

The marine fisheries of India is unique in that it is a typical multi-species, multi-gear tropical fisheries with a heterogeneous management system. Mini purse-seine (ring seine) was first introduced in the early eighties to enable the non-motorised traditional fisherman to counter the strongly emergent mechanised fishing in the state of Kerala. Ever since its introduction, there has been a phenomenal increase in the size and numbers of the fishing units and this fishing method has spread to other maritime states of the country. The present study analysed the evolution and growth of the ring seine fishing systems of central Kerala from 1985 to 2014. The economic and social impacts of the ring seine fishery were also studied and the findings emphasised the need for implementation of management measures to downscale the excess capacity in the fishery.
Morphological, anatomical and reproductive features of Loliolus (Loliolus) hardwickei (Gray, 1849) caught from the Vizhinjam Coast, Kerala, India
Authors: Raj P. Neethu , Anil M. K. , Krishna M. V. Rohini , Raheem P. K.
Published: July 2018

The morphological, anatomical and reproductive features of the little Indian squid, Loliolus (Loliolus) hardwickei (Gray, 1849) were studied based on samples collected from boat seine operated along the Vizhinjam Coast. The species was found to be a new entrant to the fishery along the Vizhinjam Coast. A total of 27 morphometric characters were measured and 13 indices were calculated and reported. Dorsal mantle length (DML) of the specimens ranged from 2.6 to 6.8 cm with a mean DML of 4.5±0.88 cm. The largest specimen observed was a male with DML 6.8 cm. Fully mature (Stage IV) specimens were found to have a higher gonadosomatic index (12.54±2.64 in females and 0.8±0.21 in males). Average length and width of spermatophores were 3.078±0.092 mm and 0.11±0.02 mm respectively. Samples with higher DML were in advanced maturity stages (Stage V). Size composition (DML) of samples revealed that 50% of squids were within the 4-5 cm size range.
Food spectrum and dietary preferences of the Indian anchovy Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823) from Thiruvananthapuram coast, Kerala
Authors: Gopal V. Rajani , Ramasubramanian V. , Santhosh B. , Abraham Kurian Mathew
Published: July 2018

The food preferences of the Indian anchovy Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823) along the Thiruvananthapuram coast of Kerala was studied for a period of one year from June 2013 to May 2014, dividing the entire period into three seasons as pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. A total of 141 samples were collected and the gut contents were analysed. The principal food item was the crustaceans which included copepods, lucifers, mysids, Acetes and amphipods. The other preferred prey items were molluscs (bivalves and gastropods), small fishes, tintinnids and dinoflagellates. The gastrosomatic and stomach fullness indices revealed almost uniform feeding preferences with copepods being the preferred food item throughout the three seasons. Analysis of variance showed significant (p0.05) seasonal variation was observed in the gut contents of S. indicus. Analyses of the different prey indices [prey diversity index (H), niche width indices (B) and prey evenness indices (e)] of S. indicus for the three seasons indicated an almost uniform distribution of prey species throughout the study period which directly indicate the abundance of the prey items and indirectly indicate a stable potential fishery and ecosystem.
Declining Orangutans Population in the Unprotected Forest of Batang Toru
Authors: Arfah Nasution  , Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah  , Sri Suci Utami-Atmoko
Published: July 2018

Habitat loss and hunting are major threats to the long-term survival of the viable orangutan population in Batang Toru. East Batang Toru Forest Block (EBTFB) is the most threatened area due to low forest cover and high encroachment. Based on a preliminary survey in 2008, Hopong forest which is located in EBTFB, had the highest orangutan density (0.7 ind/km2). However illegal logging and hunting of protected species were occuring in this unprotected forest. Since this location has been gazetted as unprotected forest from the first survey until this study was conducted, it is important to assess orangutans population trends. This study aims to provide an updated density of orangutan in Hopong forest. The study included the location of the original survey but covered a wider overall area. The line transect method was used to record orangutan nests, ficus and trees bearing fruits. A quadrat method was used to record vegetation. The encounter rate of orangutan declined from 0.7 ind/km2 to 0.4 ind/km2 between 2008 and 2015. Forest cover has also changed in the seven years between surveys and this has influenced orangutan and orangutan nest encounter rates in Hopong. Since unprotected forest is at more risk in comparison with protected forest, allocation status of the Hopong forest is critical to reduce the threats it faces.
Current status and prospects of development of the system of agrarian insurance in Ukraine
Authors: Nesterchuk Yulia , Prokopchuk Olena , Tsymbalyuk Yuriy , Rolinskyi Oleksandr , Bilan Yuriy
Published: July 2018

Under the conditions of the development of market relations, the insurance protection of agricultural producers plays an essential role in the economic stabilization of their development. Insurance can be one of the most effective tools for managing production, market and legal risks, but agricultural insurance is not well developed in the country. The purpose of the article is to study the current state and prospects for further development of the Ukrainian agrarian insurance system, based on developing the strategy of development of the latter with maximum consideration of needs and interests of all its participants.General scientific methods of scientific knowledge and research of economic phenomena are used for the achievement of the goal set in the article, such as the abstract-logical method, comparison method, monographic method, tabular method, graphical and scientific generalization.The article investigates features of the present state and general tendencies of functioning of the Ukrainian agrarian insurance system and outlines general features and prospects of further development of the latter, which are based on development of the strategy of system development with maximum consideration of needs and interests of all its participants. A set of principles is defined on which the strategy of development of the Ukrainian agricultural insurance system should be based and their further functioning in the format of the model of private-public partnership is proposed within the framework of the developed strategy. This represents a balance between public-private partnerships. The results of the study can be used for further scientific developments in this direction. The implementation of the measures proposed in the framework of the strategy for the development of the Ukrainian agrarian insurance system through the effective use of state resources and maximum use of the agrarian market and the insurance market should ensure stability of both agricultural production in general and income of the rural population in particular. This is a prerequisite for stable economic growth of the country and an increase in the welfare of its citizens.
CONTENT OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN MINERAL NATURAL DRINKING WATER OF ST-PETERSBURG AND LENINGRAD REGION
Authors: Kaduka M. V. , Basalaeva L. N. , Bekyasheva T. A. , Ivanov S. A. , Salazkina N. V. , Stupina V. V. , Kaduka А. N.
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study was to estimate the radiation characteristics of the mineral natural drinking table and medical-table water, consumed by the population of St-Petersburg and Leningrad region. This study was focused on the bottled natural mineral drinking water, available in St-Petersburg and Leningrad region market, as well as on the natural mineral drinking water sampled from the St-Petersburg groundwater supplies. Data on the levels of radionuclides specific activities in the sources under investigation was obtained using radiochemical analysis with the subsequent radiometric or spectrometric measurement of the counting samples. 107 samples of mineral natural drinking water were analyzed during the period from1999 till the December of 2017. Assessment included estimation in different combinations of the levels of gross alpha- and beta activities, specific activities of226Ra,224Ra,228Ra,210Pb,210Po,238U,234U,40K and222Rn, as well as the estimation of the index of conformance of the water to the requirements of the radiation safety. The mentioned index is the sum of the ratios of the specific activities of the individual radionuclides to the corresponding guidance levels. Exceedance of the index of conformance for the gross alpha-activity was detected for 87% of analyzed water samples; for the gross beta-activity – for 18% of the samples. Exceedance of the index of conformance of the water to the requirements of the radiation safety was detected for 40% of the analyzed samples. Exceeding of the guidance level of radionuclide in drinking water was found: in 24% water samples for226Ra concentration, in 24% – for228Ra concentration, in 3,5% – for224Ra concentration. An exceedance of the guidance levels for210Pb,210Po,238U,234U, 40K and222Rn in analyzed samples was not detected. The main contribution to the sum of the ratios of the specific activities of the natural radionuclides to the corresponding guidance levels and, correspondently to the exposure dose to the population of St-Petersburg and Leningrad region from the consumption of the mineral drinking water give226Ra,228Ra and222Rn the total contribution of which to the mentioned value exceeds 90%.
THE CURRENT STATE OF PREPAREDNESS OF THE ROSPOTREBNADZOR INSTITUTIONS FOR PROVISION OF THE RADIATION SAFETY FOR THE 2018 WORLD FOOTBALL CHAMPIONSHIP
Authors: Saprykin K. A.
Published: July 2018

This study is focused on the main activities on provision of the radiation safety as a part of sanitary surveillance and radiation terrorism counteraction during the 2018 World Football Championship. The main activities at the preparatory stage are collection and analysis of information on the potentially dangerous sources of ionizing radiation in the regions of the Russian Federation hosting the 2018 World Football Championship; control of compliance to the sanitary rules of the projects of the allocation of X-ray screening units and their commissioning; radiation control as a part of the commissioning of the sport facilities after construction/reconstruction; sanitary control of the allocation of X-ray screening units on the sport and infrastructure facilities; organization-methodical activities. During the World Football Championship it is planned to carry out the radiation control in monitoring points and the control of the concentration of radionuclides in water and food stuff samples. In the framework of the radiation terrorism countermeasures, the main activities of the provision of the radiation safety are the radiation control on the infrastructure facilities, remote points of inspection and entry points to the sport facilities; full-time emergency preparedness. A brief evaluation of the equipment of the Rospotrebnadzor radiation control laboratories in the regions of the Russian Federation hosting the 2018 World Football Championship and their preparedness for the provision of the radiation safety is also presented in the paper.
Evaluation of psychomotor development of a child of early age: what should the pediatrician know
Authors: Kustova T. V. , Taranushenko T. E. , Demyanova I. M.
Published: July 2018

The authors raise the question of the problems of diagnosis of developmental disorders in young children. The article provides a review of domestic and foreign methods of diagnostics of psychomotor development. The «Algorithm for diagnosing the child’s psychomotor development» is proposed, based on a step-by-step approach to assessing the dynamics of the child’s neuropsychological development.
Diaper dermatitis in newborns: modern approaches to prevention and treatment
Authors: Bokova T. A.
Published: July 2018

The article presents data on the anatomical and physiological features of the newborns skin. It also considers the issues of pathogenesis of the diaper dermatitis. The main measures aimed at the prevention and treatment of diaper dermatitis in newborns are provided. The articles highlights the role of dexpanthenol-containing drugs in the external therapy of skin diseases in young children.
Clinical and functional characteristics of diabetic nephropathy in children
Authors: Kiselnikova O. V. , Mozzhukhina L. I. , Spivak E. M.
Published: July 2018

Objective: To determine the clinical and functional characteristics of kidney damage in diabetes mellitus (DM) type I in children to establish the criteria for the prediction and early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Patients and methods. A total of 125 patients 4–18 years with type 1 diabetes. Kidney function was assessed by determining serum cystatin C and calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the formula Hawke. Results and discussion: the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes with the NAM, the median age was observed for 2.5 years more than in the comparison group (p <0.01). The high risk of developing MD in children with early-onset disease (51.7% of cases – up to 5 years of life) and the duration of diabetes for over 10 years. Nam 100% combined with other disease complications: neuropathy, retinopathy. In patients with DN revealed lower values of birth weight: 3,100 (2800–3400) c. against 3280 (3100–3600) c. In assessing the physical development of children, more than half have a disharmonious physical development. Assessment of blood pressure levels revealed its increase in most of the patients with DN. The majority of patients with DN (72.4%) marked signs of dyslipidemia, which is significantly higher than in the comparison group (29.2%, p <0.005). Conclusions: The risk factors for the formation of NAM in children are older than 15 years, disease duration of more than 10 years, presence of neuropathy, retinopathy, cataract, and combinations of these complications, low growth, hypertension, lipid spectrum of the blood plasma.
Fever: reasons, mistakes, optimal approach
Authors: Saifullin M. A. , Zvereva N. N.
Published: July 2018

Infectious diseases accompanied by a rise in temperature is the most common reason for seeking medical help in childhood. A study of the frequency of antipyretic drugs showed that more than 95% of children with a temperature of 38.0 ° C or higher receive an antipyretic at least once. In this regard, the optimal approach to monitoring the body temperature in a febrile child remains an urgent issue in medicine.
Prospects for vitamin d in prevention of acute otitis media in children
Authors: Vorobyova M. P. , Tulupov D. A. , Karpova E. P. , Naumov O. G.
Published: July 2018

The article presents an overview of the role of vitamin D in prevention of acute otitis media in children. It provides brief pathogenetic justification of the action of vitamin D on the human immune system. The reasons for the urgency of the use of vitamin D supplements in prevention of acute otitis media in children are analysed. Topical issues to further study the problem in paediatric practice are presented.
Acetaminophen-induced fulminant liver failure (clinical case presentation and a review of the literature)
Authors: Klimov L. Ya. , Aksenov A. G. , Popova E. V. , Pogorelova L. V. , Cucaev R. O. , Bykov Yu. V. , Kashnikov V. S. , Bobryshev D. V. , Kuryaninova V. A. , Stoyan M. V. , Pankov A. D.
Published: July 2018

Acetaminophen (AAP) is one of the most common and widely used antipyretic drugs, but its overdose is the leading cause of fulminant hepatic insufficiency in the world. Mechanisms of liver damage at the use of toxic doses of AAP are caused by the transformation of the isoform of cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1, CYP2A6) into a reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-parabenzoquinonimine (NAPQI), which plays a major role in hepatotoxicity. Another mechanism of hepatotoxicity includes the formation of peroxynitrite – a toxic free radical produced in the mitochondria, which causes oxidative damage. In addition to liver damage in case of acetaminophen poisoning, nephrotoxic effect can occur. Potential mechanisms of nephrotoxicity in overdose of AAP are presented, caused by cytochrome P450, as well as prostaglandin synthetase and enzyme N-deacetylase are described. In the clinical case described by us, the development of fulminant hepatic insufficiency against the background of acetaminophen administration led to the development of a coma along with the kidney damage, however, a stable positive dynamics, was achieved during treatment. In the catamnesis 2.5 years later, there were no signs of fibrosis or cirrhosis of the liver.
A Clinical Study of Jalaukavacharana in Varicose Eczema (Vicharchika)
Authors: Mali Vinayak  A. , N. Rakesh R. , Ramachandra K. R.
Published: July 2018

In adolescents varicose eczema is a common skin condition encountered by general practitioners and dermatologists in day today clinical practices. Varicose eczema is the condition usually present secondary to varicosity of superficial veins. For this condition there is no successful surgery as well as medical remedy available for the complete cure. However in Ayurveda, Jalaukavacharana (Leech therapy) as a parasurgical method is useful in this condition. Leech is used for the bloodletting at that particular site. With this background a study has been conducted to compare the effect of Jalaukavacharana without and with internal medications, Two groups were done as Group-A and Group-B, each with 15 patients. Jalaukavacharana was done at eczema in Group-A for four time with an interval of seven days that is, on day 1, day 7, day 14 and day 21 with internal medication. In Group B only internal medication is given. The pre and post therapeutic subjective and objective criteria were recorded. All data were analyzed clinically as well as statistically. In both Group-A and Group-B. Jalaukavacharana has shown good result in reducing the symptoms of varicose eczema (Vicharchika).
Comparative Clinical study of Jatyadi Taila and Jatyadi Ghrita in the management of Dushta Vrana
Authors: Joshi Rajendra , Mashetti N. B. , Gujar Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2018

Dushta Vrana is a common and frequently encountered problem faced in surgical practice. The presence of Dushta Vrana worsens the condition of the patient with different complications and may become fatal. Local factors on wound like slough, infection and foreign body, affect the normal process of healing. A healthy wound in a normal body heals earlier with a minimum scar as compared to a contaminated wound. Therefore in this study all the efforts are made to make a Dushta Vrana into a Shuddha Vrana. Once the Vrana becomes Shuddha, Ropana of the Vrana will start. The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Jatyadi Taila and Jatyadi Ghrita in Dushta Vrana. Clinically diagnosed 60 Patients of Dushta Vrana were randomly divided into two groups, each consisting of 30 Patients. Group A were treated with the Jatyadi Taila and Group B was treated by Jatyadi Ghrita. The results observed was based on the relief obtained on the subjective and objective parameters taken for consideration for this study viz, size of ulcer, discharge, smell, pain, burning sensation, itching and granulation were found significant (P Lass Than 0.05). On the basis of assessment criteria and overall result of treatment, the patients of Jatyadi Taila group showed better results when compared to Jatyadi Ghrita group. Even though statistically there is no much significant difference between the two groups, but by seeing the effect on individual parameters (subjective and objective) and over all response, Jatyadi Taila seems to be effective when compared to Jatyadi Ghrita. It is having more Ropana qualities when compared to Shodhana.
Clinical evaluation of the Sthaulyahara effect of Haritaki and Amalkai based on the principle of Hrasa Hetur Visheshascha
Authors: Hiremath Shruti , Baragi Umapati , Sajjanshetty M. R.
Published: July 2018

Sthoulya is one of the most effective disease which affects someone social, physical and mental features. As per modern view, it is a precursor to coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetic mellitis and osteoarthritis which have been recognised as the leading killer diseases of the millennium. Sthoulya is a state of increased Vikruta Vruddhi of Medodhatu. It is one of the Santarponottha Vikaras where a physician needs to apply the principle of Vishesha which can restore the unhealthy increase of components to the previous undiseased form. The drug Haritaki and Amalaki are having Laghu and Rooksha Guna which are opposite Gunas to that of the Sthoulya. Objectives - Practical evaluation of the Sthaulyahara effect of Haritaki and Amalkai based on the principle of Hrasa Hetur Visheshascha. Results - 60 patients (92%) had completed the trial, no adverse effect were reported. Both the groups had improved in the clinical trials, overall statistical significance was observed in the scores of both the groups. Discussion - By this statistical result we can concluded that Group A patients were more releived than Group B who were administered Haritaki Choorna. The hypothesis decided for the study was ‘Vishesha’ is the prime cause for Hrasa.Here it was clear that Vishesha applied was Guna Vishesha. Here significant results itself shows that Vishesha has done its role in reducing the obesity (Hrasa) in better way in both the Groups.
A Comparative Clinical Study to evaluate the effect of Haritaki Churna and Amalaki Churna in Pandu (Iron Deficiency Anemia)
Authors: Hudedmani Irappa , Mangoli S. P.
Published: July 2018

Pandu is a Pitta Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi producing Pandutva or Pandu Varna in Mukha, Nayana, Asya and Mutra. Alpa Rakthata, Vaivarnaya, Agni Mandhya, Ojokshaya and Balahani are other symptoms. It affects people of all ages irrespective of sex. Haritaki Churna and Amalaki Churna are having Deepana, Pachana, Varnya, Tridosha Shamaka, Raktha Vardhaka, Rasayana and Ojovardhaka properties which helps in Samprapti Vighatana of Pandu Roga. This study is an attempt to clinically analyze the independent effect of Haritaki Churna and Amalaki Churna in Pandu Roga.This study is a single blind comparative clinical study conducted on 60 subjects divided randomly in two groups. They were reviewed at an interval of 15 days for 1 month. Haritaki Churna was given at a dose of 1.5g. twice a day with Madhu before food. Amalaki Churna was given at a dose of 1.5g. twice a day with Madhu before food. The Patients were assessed with severity of symptoms subjectively and objectively before and after treatment. Data from each group were statistically analyzed and compared. Both the group showed marked results but Amalaki Churna is slightly significant then the Haritaki Churna in the management of Pandu (IDA). The study shows that both Haritaki Churna and Amalaki Churna are effective in relieving the symptoms of Pandu Roga. Haritaki Churna was effective in subjective parameter like Pandutva, Arohanayasa, Shrama, Aruchi, Bhrama, Daurbalya, Hairfall, Bodyache, Glossitis, Hb%, RBC, and Sr.Ferritin. Amalaki Churna was effective in conditions like Pandutva, Arohanayasa, Aruchi, Shrama, Karna Ksweda, Daurbalya, Hairfall, Bodyache, Hb% PCV, Sr.Iron and TIBC.
Experimental Study of Manjistha root (Rubia cordifolia Linn.) w.s.r. to Anti-Diabetic Activity
Authors: Patil Ankita , Naik Shashidhar , Dhari Darshan N.
Published: July 2018

Manjistha is well known for its various activities, one of which is Pramehagna (Anti-Diabetic) activity. The Manjistha was collected from market and its authenticity was approved by its organoleptic characters and is used for present study. The sample was processed and it’s alcoholic and aqueous extracts were prepared. Then the drug was subjected to experimental study on albino rats. Study was carried out to assess the anti-diabetic activity. Results showed that there is significant reduction in sugar level which indicates that both aqueous and alcoholic extracts do possess significant anti-hyperglycemic activity as compared to Metformin (Standard drug), which could be due to anti-oxidants and flavonoids present in it. The variations in above said analysis make it very interesting and important to analyse the expected Anti-microbial and immune modulatory activity of Manjistha root.
A bird’s eye view on Kesha (hair) in Charaka Samhita
Authors: H Praveen  Kumar , U Govindaraju
Published: July 2018

Ayurveda is a Tantra which mainly aims at preserving the health of an individual and to treat the illness of a patient. The structure and function of bodily entities vary in health and disease conditions accordingly. The study of these structures acts as a yardstick to understand the health and illness of a person. One such indicator of health or disease is hair(Kesha).Kesha being one such parameter of health, description about it regarding its formation, characteristics,variation according to different body constitution(Prakruti),beneficial and harmful factors for Kesha, its maintenance, importance in clinical diagnosis and prognosis of a disease etc. is available in Ayurveda. In this article, an attempt is made to understand Kesha Sharira according to Charaka Samhita.
Introductory knowledge of Annapana Varga-A Literary Review
Authors: Rabb Umakant N.
Published: July 2018

The word Anna refers to Ahara, means the one which is consumed to nourish the bodily tissues. In other words the nutrients which can be taken to maintain the body in healthy state are called as Anna. Carbohydrates, proteins, salts, water, vitamins, minerals, anti-oxidants etc. macro as well as micro nutrients play an important role in the nourishment of the body. Ayurveda itself is the only branch which tells about the healthy life style, code of conducts, spiritual practices, medicines along with Ahara Upayogi Vargas. The Vargas includes - Jalavarga, Dugdhavarga, Madhuvarga, Tailavarga, Shukadhanyavarga, Shamidhanyavarga, Phalavarga, Shakavarga, Mamsavarga etc. which all mainly take part in the maintenance of good health as well as to attain the salvation i.e. Moksha which is ultimate aim of Ayurveda.
Importance of Sanskrit language in learning Ayurveda
Authors: VR Lekshmi , Chandran Haritha , PV Ramadas , Nair Leena P.
Published: July 2018

Textual knowledge and practical knowledge is inevitable to learn and practice any scientific subjects. To master the text, one must be mastered the language in which the original text has been written. The science of Ayurveda has written in Sanskrit. Sanskrit is a language which has a scientifically structured grammar. By adding the prefixes and suffixes, it gives varied meaning to a single word. So, one has to learn it perfectly while handling that language. Even the same root can express different meanings as they are listed under different groups which undergo various grammatical processes. The knowledge in the learning tools used is very important in learning the scientific scripts written in Sanskrit.
Understanding of Thromboembolism by Ayurveda
Authors: Godara Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2018

Thromboembolism term is used to define a type of blood pathology which involves two terms basically i.e. Thrombo + Embolism. Thromboembolism is defined as the blocking or obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot (or a part of clot, debris) that has broken off from the place where it is formed and travelled to another organ. (Debris includes blood clots, cholesterol containing plaques, masses of bacteria, cancer cells, amniotic fluid, fat from the marrow of broken bones and injected substances). Thromboembolism is coagulation defect of blood which is responsible for certain life threatening conditions of human being. Ayurveda Samhita also has references regarding good as well as bad properties of the Rakta and Margavarana Janya pathological states that lead to defect of the Kapha, Rakta that produces features similar to Thromboembolism. Present article will help to understand Thromboembolism as per the Ayurveda perspective.
A review on the components of Prajna
Authors: Viraktamath V. L. , K.A. Sri Nagesh
Published: July 2018

The word Prajna generally refers to know, the wisdom, the intelligence, the sense of discrimination and the judgment. It can be compared with the whole process of discrimination, retention and recalling capacity of an individual. Dhee, dhriti and smriti are considered to be types of prajna. These are also termed as Prajnopastambha and are nothing but the different stages of Prajna. The buddhi which sees the objects as they are (samata darshana) is dhee. The buddhi which restrains (niyamana) is dhruti. And the buddhi which is capable of remembering is smriti. The ability of discrimination of the object perceived is attributed to the function of dhee, while the decision making at that situation is guided and regulated by dhruti. And the retrieval of fast experiences in order to perform further action depends on Smruti. Buddhi also have the same synonyms as that of Prajna viz. Dhee, Prajna, Mati etc. Thus we can assume that the Buddhi and Prajna refer to the same. While the term ‘Medha’ refers to the higher intellect and synonymous to Prajna. Modern science describes the acquisition of knowledge has following cognitive domains such as encoding, storage, and retrieval which refer to the components of prajna. The article deals with conceptual study of Prajna, its components, its comparative terms in contemporary sciences, discussion and conclusion.
Ayurveda provides complete package for healthy progeny !!
Authors: Shaikh Nilofar , Donga Shilpa
Published: July 2018

The woman is an axle around whom not only the family or the society but the whole Universe revolves. A good progeny probably is the only prime thing on the earth that any couple would expect child is one who protects his race from grief, miseries etc. Today due to changing lifestyle Medical world is concerned about increasing rate of congenital imperfections in the new born which is posing confront to the aim of healthy humanity. Science reveals the fact that the anatomical, physiological, psychological built up of offspring is dependent on parents who provide ‘genes’ for specific characters to the child. Best of male and female gamete (sperm and ovum – through Shodhana and following regimes before conception) Atma, Suddha Garbhashaya, proper Kala (Ritukala), and observing Garbhini Paricharya properly will ensure timely and normal delivery of a healthy offspring. The contented, positive, enthusiastic but controlled state of mind of parents during conjugation results in static equilibrium of Manogunas, increment of Satvaguna leading to high ranked Satva of Garbha grating noble qualities like piousness, dexterity, intelligence, memory, quickness for work, gratitude and positive thoughts etc. Thus, Ayurveda- A complete and holistic health science, not only deal with preventive and curative aspects of health but also has a strong footings in the field of healthy progeny from choosing of life-partner to care during pregnancy.
Role of Avarna in the etiopathogenesis of Ardita (facial paralysis)
Authors: . Kuldeep , Prashanth A. S. , Chavan S. G.
Published: July 2018

Ardita is one among Nanatmaja Vata Vyadhi which manifest suddenly due to Ashukaritva of Vayu. As Ardita has some similarity with Pakshaghata and after Pakshaghata it takes prime position among Vata Vyadhi. Ardita is characterized by symptoms like Ardha Mukha Vakrata. As it affect the Mukha of body mainly, due to its Adhisthana in Mukha patient suffer physically as well as mentally, if not treated properly. So for the treatment of Ardita understanding of its Nidana and its Samprapti become very necessary.
Review of Cataract w.s.r. to Kacha
Authors: Sharma Payal , Shukla Avanish , Pamnani Gulab
Published: July 2018

Cataract is a vision impairing disease characterized by gradual, progressive thickening of the lens. It is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world now a days. This is unfortunate, considering that the visual morbidity brought about by age-related cataract is reversible. As such, early detection, close monitoring and timely surgical intervention must be observed in the management of senile cataracts. Clinically the symptoms of Kacha can be correlated with Cataract.
Mode of Ayurvedic intervention in Diabetic Retinopathy (Sannipathika Kacha) associated with Chronic Renal Failure - A Case Study
Authors: P Ratheesh , A Abhayadev , C Soumya M , M Sreenivasan
Published: July 2018

Diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy are microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus affecting eye and kidney respectively. The patient has reported gradual loss of vision (counting finger at a distance of 70cm) in both eyes for one month associated with history of Chronic Renal Failure. In Ayurvedic classics defective urination and diminution of vision are mentioned in the context of Prameha (Diabetes mellitus). Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed haemorrhages and fluid collection at the level of retina especially at macula due to microvascular damage. The derangement of Pittadosha (humor)by improper dietary habits and irregular lifestyle result in the vitiation of Raktha, which is more evident in eyes. The condition showing clinical similarity with Sannipathika Kacha, a disease affecting Dhrishtipatala of the eye. The logical interpretation on the basis of both subjective and objective clinical findings concluded the diagnosis as Pittadhika Sannipathika Kacha. The treatment principle adopted was Rakthasthambhana, Pittakaphasophahara, Abhisyandhahara and Srothovisodhana with good metabolic control. The treatment was planned without giving any internal herbal medicines except medicated porridge. After treatment his vision has improved as 6/24 (Rt. Eye) and 6/12 (Lt. eye). The study discusses about the Ayurvedic management of diabetic retinopathy associated with chronic renal failure.
Hypothyroidism - Ayurvedic interpretation and management - A Case Report
Authors: P. Sowmyashree U.
Published: July 2018

Hypothyroidism is one of the burning issues in current scenario and is affecting the life of many people on various levels. Since this condition is associated with many complications, on many systems, ranging from generalized tiredness to infertility, there by compromising the quality of life of an individual, it is need of the hour to recognize an effective treatment protocol for the same. This article is a small attempt to find an effective treatment for hypothyroidism with simple Ayurvedic formulations told in the classics. A female patient of age 23 years, with freshly detected subclinical hypothyroidism was selected for the study. She was treated with classical Ayurvedic medicines like Varunadi Kashaya and Chandraprabha Vati. Thyroid profile was assessed on certain intervals which showed good results in the same.
Nilai keutamaan pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan dalam konteks pendidikan karakter bangsa
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Ahmad Jamil Bin , Hamzah Mohd. Isa Bin
Published: July 2018

Pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan adalah nilai keutamaan tentang fungsi kognitif. Pengetahuan dapat diimplementasikan dalam peningkatan kualitas hidup manusia. Dalam konteks pendidikan karakter bangsa, nilai kreatif, rasa ingin tahu, dan gemar membaca merupakan faktor kekuatan karakter yang membangun nilai keutamaan pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa struktur nilai-nilai karakter bangsa yang menjadi bagian dari nilai keutamaan pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan. Penelitian ini melibatkan 780 responden siswa SMA. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahwa terbentuk tiga faktor kekuatan karakter yaitu kreatif, rasa ingin tahu, dan gemar membaca. Ketiga faktor tersebut merupakan faktor yang dapat membangun nilai keutamaan pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan.Kata kunci: pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan, pendidikan karakter bangsa THE EXCELLENCE VALUES OF KNOWLEDGE AND WISDOM IN NATIONAL CHARACTER EDUCATION CONTEXTAbstractKnowledge and wisdom are the excellence value of cognitive function. Knowledge can be implemented in improving the quality of human life. In the context of the nation’s character education, the values of creativity, curiosity and reading habits are the factors of character strengths that build the excellence value of knowledge and wisdom. This study is aimed at examining the structure of the nation's character values which become part of knowledge and wisdom priorities. The study involved 780 senior high school students as the respondents. The findings of the study show that there are three factors of character strength, including creativity, curiosity, and reading habits. These three factors are the factors that can build the excellence value of knowledge and wisdom.Keywords: knowledge and wisdom, national character education
Pengembangan instrumen asesmen diri guru terhadap aktivitas pengembangan keprofesian berkelanjutan
Authors: Kasmayadi Wirman , Kumaidi Kumaidi , Sumarno Sumarno
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen asesmen diri guru pada aktivitas pengembangan keprofesian berkelanjutan yang handal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada lima tahapan dalam model Plomp. Subyek penelitian adalah guru SMA di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat yang dipilih dengan teknik cluster random  sampling. Jumlah subyek penelitian pada uji coba awal sebanyak 350 orang dan uji coba lapangan utama sebanyak 950 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner skala Likers (1-5). Pengujian validitas isi menggunakan expert judgment, sedangkan validitas dan reliabilitas empiris menggunakan analisis faktor konfirmatori (CFA) dengan bantuan program Lisrel 8.80. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) konstrak aktivitas pengembangan keprofesian berkelanjutan guru memiliki tujuh dimensi, yaitu: membaca, pengembangan pembelajaran dan penilaian, pendidikan dan pelatihan, publikasi ilmiah, publikasi karya inovatif, reflektif dan kolaboratif; (2) instrumen yang telah dikembangkan secara keseluruhan memiliki kecocokan sebagai model asesmen yang baik dengan RMSEA 0.005 dan CFI 1.00 (valid) dan composite reliability lebih dari 0.70 (reliable).Kata kunci: asesmen diri guru, pengembangan keprofesian berkelanjutan  DEVELOPING TEACHERS’ SELF-ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIESAbstractThis research is aimed at developing a reliable teachers' self-assessment instrument for sustainable professional development activity. This study was a development research using five-stage model of Research and Development by Plomp. The subjects are high school teachers in the West Nusa Tenggara province, that were selected by cluster random sampling technique. The research subjects in preliminary field test were 350 people and in the main field test were 950 people. The data were collected using Likers scale (1-5) questionnaire. The content validity was tested using expert judgment, whereas the empirical validity and reliability were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with Lisrel 8.80 program. The results of the research show that: (1) the construct of teachers’ sustainable professional development activities has seven dimensions, namely: reading, learning and assessment development, education and training, scientific publications, the publication of innovative works, reflective and collaborative; (2) the instruments have an overall fit as a good assessment model with the value of RMSEA 0.005, CFI 1.00 (Valid), and composite reliability of more than 0.70 (reliable).Keywords: teachers’ self-assessment, sustainable professional development
PERINEAL RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY
Authors: Bezrukov E. A.
Published: July 2018

Lecture is devoted to the main provisions of perineal prostatectomy. At present, laparoscopic and robotic prostatectomy techniques have been widely developed. Nevertheless, the use of perineal access surgery remains indisputable for carefully selected patient groups. Undoubtedly, this type of intervention has obvious advantages, which are described amply in the lecture, in particular such as minimally invasive and economical expediency. The article presents modern functional and oncological results of perineal radical prostatectomy. This lecture will be useful for urologists and oncologists for improving their skills in performing this type of radical prostatectomy.

Disclosure: The study did not have sponsorship. The author have declared no conflicts of interest.
GENOTYPING AND DNA SEQUENCING DIVERGENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH RABBIT TOXOPLASMOSIS, IRAQ
Authors: MUHANNAD SHWEASH  , NOOR N AL-HAYANI  , HATEM M. HADEED  , THULFIQAR FAWWAZ MUTAR
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to determine the genetic patterns and sequencing of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) isolated from humans and inoculated into rabbits to determine the effect of these strains on animals and the changes that occur in these strains. Therefore, DNA sequencing is necessary to apply with genetic developing for microorganisms to determine the relation between different organisms and how they are developed. Thirty-eight samples of congenital Toxoplasmosis were collected from the placenta of women who have had abortion and after their development were inoculated into rabbits. Seventeen samples of whole blood from rabbits were investigated. Iraqi human T. gondii were infected in 38 samples of rabbits, 17 samples out of 38 underwent gene sequence work from period 15th September 2015 to 10th may 2016. Data from 38 samples using the Surface Antigen Glycoproteins (SAG2) gene locus according to geno typing indicated that 22 out of 38 was types II, while 8 samples were types I and 8 showed types III. The results showed that there was a significant effect by the congenital Toxoplasmosis, which was developed in the bodies of rabbits, different strains of I, II, III, taken from the placenta of women who have had abortion because they were infected with T. gondii.
CONFIABILIDADE DA TOMOGRAFIA COMPUTADORIZADA POR FEIXE CÔNICO NO PLANEJAMENTO DE IMPLANTES OSSEOINTEGRÁVEIS
Authors: Alves Rebouças Renan
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a confiabilidade da tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico (TCFC) no planejamento de implantes osseointegráveis, através da revisão de literatura, uma vez que variações nos protocolos de aquisição das imagens, poderiam influenciar na acurácia das medidas lineares e, consequentemente, no sucesso do tratamento. Foram pesquisados artigos científicos indexados na base de dados PubMed, entre os anos de 2004 a 2016, utilizando-se as palavras-chave: acurácia, confiabilidade, medidas lineares, tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico, implantes, resultando na análise de 29 artigos. A avaliação pré-cirúrgica da quantidade e da qualidade óssea é necessária para maximizar a taxa de sucesso de instalação de implantes osseointegráveis. A tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico é a melhor opção no planejamento de implantes, possibilitando mensurações nos cortes tomográficos e nas reconstruções 3D. As mensurações lineares realizadas a partir da TCFC são acuradas, com precisão sub-milimétrica, não sendo influenciadas pelas variações nos protocolos de aquisição, e apesar de ligeiramente subestimarem o tamanho real, a tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico é considerada uma técnica confiável no planejamento de implantes osseointegráveis.Palavras-chave: Acurácia. Confiabilidade. Medidas lineares. Tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico. Implantes.
Tratamento restaurador conservador na amelogênese imperfeita: quando indicar essa opção?
Authors: Siqueira da Silva Fernanda
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre tratamento restaurador conservador na amelogênese imperfeita, evidenciando a importância, vantagens, indicações e contra-indicações para essa opção de tratamento. Realizou-se uma pesquisa nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Portal Capes e Scielo, utilizando-se as palavras-chaves: amelogênese imperfeita; restaurações dentais; resina composta. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos em português e inglês, em sua versão completa. Artigos publicados que não tratavam diretamente do tema, foram excluídos. Através da literatura, podemos concluir que o tratamento restaurador conservador é uma das opções para pacientes com amelogênese imperfeita. Em alguns casos, como em pacientes jovens, de baixo nível socioeconômico e com alterações leves, constitui-se tratamento de primeira escolha. Isso, graças aos avanços na odontologia restauradora e estética que proporcionaram a utilização de técnicas adesivas menos invasivas, com desgaste mínimo aliado ao reforço do remanescente dentário. Assim, restaurações estéticas e funcionais são alcançadas por meio de um tratamento mais conservador.Palavra-chave: amelogênese imperfeita; restaurações dentais; resina composta.