bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic viability of a canadian biodigester for power generation in dairy farming
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Rondônia, Demeu Fabiana Alves , Lopes Marcos Aurélio ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Reis Eduardo Mitke Brandão ,   Universidade Federal do Acre, Lima André Luis Ribeiro ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Carvalho Francisval Melo de ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras, Palhares Julio Cesar Pascale ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Otenio Marcelo Henrique ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to analyze the economic viability of implementing and using a Canadian biodigester for power generation in a milk production system. Specifically, we intended to estimate the generated power production, the total production cost (TC), the total operating cost (TOC), and the effective operating cost (EOC) of 1 kW of power generated, and estimate the break-even point of the power produced. The research was carried out on a farm located in southern Minas Gerais (Brazil) from January to December 2017. Three scenarios were analyzed through the tree-point estimation (most likely, optimistic, and pessimistic). Scenario 1 considered the use of power for the acclimatization of free-stall barns during 13 hours day-1 plus the use of 50% of the produced biofertilizer. Scenario 2 considered the use of power during 13 hours day-1 for the acclimatization of free-stall barns and milking parlor, which means an increase in power consumption estimated at 10% compared to scenario 1, plus the use of 75% of the produced biofertilizer. Moreover, scenario 3 considered the use of power for the acclimatization of free-stall barns during 6.5 hours day-1 plus 25% of the produced biofertilizer. All scenarios considered the amount charged per kWh by the Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (CEMIG). Monte Carlo simulations were carried out with minimum acceptable rates of return ranging from zero to 50%. Power generation was economically viable in all scenarios, with positive net present value (NPV), internal rates of return above the minimum acceptable rate of return, simple and discounted payback below the 10-year horizon, and satisfactory benefit-cost ratios. The EOC values of 1 kWh of power were estimated at R$ 0.1990, R$ 0.1791, and R$ 0.3308 for scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively, whereas the mean total cost (TC) was R$ 0.5618 (±0.21) considering all scenarios, above the purchase values at CEMIG, which would be R$ 0.50. The TC value was R$ 99,804.42 for scenarios 1 and 2, and R$ 92,424.09 for scenario 3, with a minimum acceptable rate of return of 8.50, while the TOC values were R$ 69,486.62 in scenarios 1 and 2, and R$ 62,229.66 in scenario 3. The amount of power generated in all scenarios was higher than the break-even point. All Monte Carlo simulation models showed positive NPV values, indicating that there is a high probability of being above expectations.
Upland rice seedling performance promoted by multifunctional microorganisms
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Paraná, Fernandes João Pedro Tavares , Nascente Adriano Stephan ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão, Filippi Marta Cristina Corsi de ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, EMBRAPA Arroz e Feijão, Silva Mariana Aguiar ,   Universidade Federal de Goiás
Published: December 2020

Multifunctional microorganisms can contribute to the development of plant root systems and positively affect the grain yield of crops. However, studies of the use of these microorganisms to benefit root development in rice plants are scarce. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of rhizobacterial inoculation of the seeds on the root development of upland rice seedlings. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural microbiology laboratory of Embrapa Rice and Beans, and we adopted a completely randomized design with eight replications. The treatments consisted of the inoculation of rice seeds with the rhizobacteria 1. Pseudomonas fluorescens (BRM 32111), 2. Burkholderia pyrrocinia (BRM 32113), 3. Serratia sp. (BRM 32114), 4. Bacillus sp. (1301), 5. Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5), 6. Azospirillum sp. (1381), and a 7. control treatment (without microorganisms). Treatment using the microorganism Azospirillum sp. (1381) provided the longest roots, greatest root volume and highest total dry mass of roots, at 86.34, 111.53 and 29.41%, respectively, significantly superior to the control treatment. In addition, treatments Ab-V5 and Bacillus sp. (1301) resulted in a root diameter of 13.81 and 13.06%, respectively, larger than that of the control treatment. The use of these multifunctional microorganisms was efficient for promoting the root development of rice seedlings.
Co-inoculation and inoculation methods of plant growth-promoting bacteria in wheat yield performance
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Perini Luiz Júnior , Zeffa Douglas Mariani ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Roesler William Rafael ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Zucareli Claudemir ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Gonçalves Leandro Simões Azeredo ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: December 2020

Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense in wheat, but only a few of them have related the co-inoculation of A. brasilense and Rhizobium sp. and the evaluation of different inoculation methods. This study aimed i) to verify the efficiency of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in subtropical environments, ii) to verify the efficiency of co-inoculation of A. brasilense and Rhizobium sp., and iii) to verify the efficiency of the management of different inoculation methods in the wheat crop. The experiments were carried out in Londrina and Apucarana, State of Paraná, Brazil, under a complete randomized block design, with four replications and nine treatments: T1) absence of nitrogen (N) topdressing, T2) 30 kg ha−1 of N topdressing, T3) 60 kg ha−1 of N topdressing, T4) A. brasilense Ab-V5 in the seeds, T5) A. brasilense Ab-V5 in post-emergence, T6) A. brasilense Ab-V5 + Rhizobium sp. 53GRM1 in the seeds, T7) A. brasilense Ab-V5 + Rhizobium sp. 53GRM1 in post-emergence, T8) commercial inoculant (A. brasilense Ab-V5 + Ab-V6) in the seeds, and T9) commercial inoculant (A. brasilense Ab-V5 + Ab-V6) in post-emergence. The number of ears per linear meter, number of spikelets, number of grains per spikelet, number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, number of spikelets to ears ratio, leaf nitrogen content, and grain yield were evaluated. Leaf N content and yield components showed no alterations due to the inoculation and co-inoculation performed both in the seed and in the post-emergence of seedlings. Treatments T3, T7, and T9 showed the highest means of grain yield (2077.50, 1743.12, and 1660.62 kg ha−1, respectively), demonstrating that co-inoculation with A. brasilense Ab-V5 + Rhizobium sp. 53GRM1 and inoculation with A. brasilense Ab-V5 + Ab-V6, both in post-emergence of seedlings, have the potential to replace the topdressing nitrogen fertilization in wheat.
A Stepwise Analysis of Production Returns and Cost Distribution for Chinese Cabbage Produced Under Irrigation in South Africa
Authors: Taruvinga B. , Ndou P. , Ramusandiwa T. D. , Seetseng K. , du Plooy C. P.
Published: December 2020

Cultivation of indigenous crops for food and nutritional security has emerged as a topic of interest in South Africa. Commercial cultivation of indigenous crops is promoted especially among smallholder farmers because of their nutritional value and their ability to adapt to marginal soil and climatic conditions. Support for commercial production of specific crops among farmers necessitates the need for optimum use of inputs in production. In order to evaluate optimum input use in production, this study established the profitability and production costs of one of the indigenised leafy vegetables in South Africa, Chinese cabbage, using gross margin analysis. Production costs and profitability evaluations are fundamental tools for analysing cash flow and investment options. The study was based on field trials on different levels of fertilizer (NPK application). The results of the study show that at low production level (10.1 t ha-1), gross income is less than total variable costs (TVC), resulting in a negative gross margin. A movement from low production to medium production (26.1 t ha-1) results in an increase in gross margin, from -R16,664.19 to R29,091.99. The highest gross margin of R82,807.07 is obtained at high production level (44.5 t ha-1). The study supports an interdisciplinary evaluation approach (agronomy and economics) when analysing field trials.
Residual Trees Response to Selective Cutting Operations in Caspian Forests
Authors: Behjou Farshad Keivan , Motazeh Alireza Ghomi
Published: December 2020

Damages to residual trees caused by felling operation were assessed in the stands of a Caspian hardwood forest. Following the felling operation, a field survey was done to collect data of all residual trees (species, DBH, height) and of tree wounds (size class, location, intensity of damage). Different harvesting intensities were studied, and treatments were replicated three times. The results showed that the treatment with the medium and high harvest intensity was found to cause the highest percentage of damage and the largest stem wounds. It is concluded that harvesting intensity should be limited to 3 trees/ha during each harvesting operation to reduce the extent of tree damage and thus future financial loss.
Sigurnost posjetitelja i upravljanje rizicima u šumskim predjelima zaštićenih područja prirode
Authors: Landekić Matija , Martinić Ivan , Bakarić Matija , Šporčić Mario
Published: December 2020

Posljednja dva desetljeća obilježena su, osobito u razvijenim zemljama zapadne Europe i svijeta, značajnim promjenama u upravljanju zdravljem i sigurnošću posjetitelja u šumskim ekosustavima zaštićenih područja prirode. Uprave zaštićenih područja sve više razvijaju različite modele i provode mnoge elemente sustava upravljanja rizicima pri posjećivanju. Takvi sustavi razumijevaju koncepte kojima se usmjeravaju akcije za upravljanje rizicima radi povećanja sigurnosti posjetitelja, osobito kod oblika koji zahtijevaju njihovo naglašeno fizičko angažiranje. U uvodnom dijelu rada prikazuje se uloga, svrha i cilj sustava upravljanja rizicima pri posjećivanju zaštićenih područja. U središnjem dijelu rada iznose se, na primjeru pješačke infrastrukture u zaštićenom području, negativni aspekti postojećega stanja, posljedice neadekvatne kontrole rizika te kategorizacija mogućih opasnosti. U rezultatima rada, na konkretnim primjerima, pojašnjavaju se tri ključna segmenta sustava upravljanja rizicima: (a) protokol inspekcije rizika; (b) shema programiranoga odmaranja i (c) uloga interaktivnih mrežnih alata. U završnom dijelu rada prikazuje se operacionalizacija i provedba sustava upravljanja rizicima pri posjećivanju zaštićenoga područja na primjeru »pješačke« parkovne infrastrukture.
Deficiência e capacitismo: correção dos corpos e produção de sujeitos (a)políticos
Authors: Ivanovich Ana Carolina Friggi , Gesser Marivete
Published: December 2020

Este estudo objetivou investigar os significados acerca da deficiência presentes no processo de cria-ção e implementação de um Conselho Municipal de Direitos para Pessoas com Deficiência de uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove partici-pantes da criação e implementação desse Conselho, as quais foram analisadas a partir da análise dos processos de significação. A pesquisa foi baseada nos Estudos da Deficiência, com destaque para a perspectiva da pesquisa emancipatória. Os participantes relataram haver uma compreensão da de-ficiência circunscrita ao modelo médico, que reiterava a hierarquização dos corpos, a busca pela cu-ra e que deslegitimava o corpo com deficiência como político. Todavia, a apropriação do campo dos estudos da deficiência e o conhecimento dos direitos previstos na legislação contribuiu para a signifi-cação da deficiência como circunscrita à justiça social e para fortalecer a luta pela aprovação do conselho de direitos.
¿Por qué necesitamos una Psicología Crítica en el Deporte?
Authors: Soto-Lagos Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

La psicología del deporte posee una tradición marcada por la perspectiva cognitiva conductual de la disciplina que ha sido considerada como la versión hegemónica en el campo. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se han hecho visibles varias propuestas que han logrado posicionarse como versiones válidas para trabajar desde la psicología en el amplio campo deportivo. Estas versiones, a su vez, han generado nuevos temas de investigación para resolver diferentes problemas que habían sido invisibilizados por la Psicología Tradicional del Deporte. Con el objetivo de difundir entre las redes latinoamericanas, caribeñas e iberoamericanas la existencia de diferentes perspectivas en el campo de la psicología del deporte, este número especial incluye diez artículos, 5 de ellos en español, 3 en portugués y 2 en inglés, que colaboran con el avance y la amplitud teórica en el campo.
The organ made by Andreas Hildebrandt at tHe elevation of tHe Holy Cross Church in Pruszcz Gdański
Authors: Urbaniak Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

The instrument built in 1728 by the Gdańsk organbuilder Andreas Hildebrandt and quite well preserved to this day in Pruszcz Gdański is the first example of the architectonic concept, which Jan Janca described as the Grańsk prospect (Danziger Prospekt). The organ from Pruszcz Gdański was probably partly rebuilt as early as in the 18th century and the changes were made in the instrument’s disposition. Around 1900 the maintenance work was completed by Otto Heinrichsdorff from Gdańsk. In 1929 the organ was once more restored, this time by Josef Goebel from Gdańsk. It was probably during the maintenance work at the beginning of the 20th century that the position of some registers of the windchest was changed. In 1972, Józef Mollin’s organbuilder company reconstructed the pipes looted in 1945 based on the then current state of knowledge, and in 1999 the same company did maintenance work of the instrument again. Further maintenance work was completed between 2009 and 2010 by Tomasz Szałajda and in 2016 by Zdzisław Mollin. In its initial one-manual version, the instrument had direct counterparts, one of them was the instrument built in 1738-1739 in Wocławy and the second one was the organ made by Cahman and preserved in Lövstabruk.
The article presents the results of new instrumental studies on the construction changes made to the organ from Pruszcz Gdański throughout the instrument’s history and it outlines maintenance-related perspectives connected with its future. The importance of Hildebrandt’s organ in Pruszcz Gdański is enormous in the context of huge losses in Gdańsk’s landscape resulting from WWII. It is the only existing example of a larger type of organ from the 18th century near Gdańsk, which still allows for recognising its initial shape and having enough source information about its reconstruction.
Violin Sonata in F-major by Edvard Grieg in the context of national elements and european music achievements
Authors: Kawczynski Marcin
Published: December 2020

In concert and especially in teaching practice, Edvard Grieg’s Violin Sonata in F Major op. 8, which was written in 1865, is labelled as his youthful composition. Considering the time when it was created, it is an undisputed fact, but such a term has negative connotations and may also make one’s attitude towards artistic explorations within the piece shallower. It is worth to mention here that it was this very Sonata in F Major that attracted the attention of the great Ferenc Liszt.
In his article, the author attempts to point to different sources which inspired Grieg during the initial period of his creative life. These influences can be divided into national ones (Norwegian) and European ones (based on the firm roots of the European musical heritage). There is no doubt that the composer is another link in the great Romantic tradition, both in terms of composition technique and form, as well as regular studies at the Conservatory in Leipzig. However, the matters related to the national element are much more difficult to look at using a comprehensive approach. While experiencing and analysing Norwegian folk music, one needs to consider to what extent Grieg’s music draws from it. In this aspect, the author discusses the issue of how well Grieg knew the music from his home country as well as objective obstacles in reflecting its idiom in artistic music. Norwegian folk instruments as such, in this case – the violin: hardingfele, seem an interesting element.
These diverse influences were present throughout the whole period of Grieg’s creative work and can be seen already in his youthful Sonata in F Major – even though sometimes they are barely noticeable because of not having a mature form. Nevertheless, the awareness of rich- ness and many layers included in this composition should stimulate performers to study it in a diligent and in-depth way.
Szybka kamera w środowisku pracy – możliwości zastosowania przy pomiarach drgań mechanicznych
Authors: Kowalski Piotr , Zając Jacek
Published: December 2020

Artykuł dotyczy możliwości wykorzystania szybkiej kamery do pomiarów drgań mechanicznych w środowisku pracy. Zostały w nim przedstawione wyniki testów przeprowadzonych na 11 narzędziach ręcznych odniesione do wartości przyspieszeń drgań, zmierzonych standardowym układem pomiarowym bazującym na piezoelektrycznych przetwornikach drgań. Otrzymane różnice nie przekraczały 5,7%, co potwierdza możliwość zastosowania szybkiej kamery do badań drgań działających przez kończyny górne. W artykule zwrócono uwagę także na ograniczenia w zastosowaniu analizy obrazu do pomiarów drgań, wynikające m.in. z konieczności dużego powiększania optycznego i zapewnienia stabilizacji położenia kamery.
The Comparison of GARCH and ANN Model for Forecasting Volatility: Evidence based on Indian Stock Markets
Authors: SHAIK MUNEER , Sejpal Aditya
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study the performance of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and GARCH modelsto predict the volatility of the Indian stock market indices namely, NIFTY 50, NIFTY Bank and NIFTYFMCG. We have used the GARCH (1,1) and Recurrent Neural Network, a type of neural network whichis widely used for predicting time series data. The purpose of the study is to investigate if the ArtificialNeural Networks perform better than the traditional GARCH (1,1) model. An out of sample testingmethodology is applied to the most recent 20 percent of the observations for all the three indices. Wehave used Root Means Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) as metrics to evaluatethe volatility predicting performances of the models. The results show no clear evidence of ANN modelperforming better than GARCH model for any of the three indices. ANNs may prove to be betterindicators in periods with low volatility while its performance deteriorated in periods with highvolatility.
Kartellrechtliche Innovationstheorien für digitale Plattformen
Authors: Louven Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht zum einen das Verhältnis zwischen Kartellrecht und Datenschutzrecht, wie es auch Gegenstand des Facebook-Beschlusses des BGH war, zum anderen das Verhältnis von Innovation und Kartellrecht.

Im Kontext der Dynamik des Wettbewerbs und der Bedeutung von Wissen in der Informationsgesellschaft formuliert sie eine Theorie zur Findung kartellrechtlicher Entscheidungen unter Unsicherheit und Dynamik. Die daraus resultierende materielle Abwägungslehre bezieht die wirtschaftsverfassungsrechtlichen Grundrechte und Grundfreiheiten ein, die als wahrgenommene tatsächliche Entfaltungsfreiräume für Innovation stehen können.
Port Wine: Production and Ageing
Authors: Milheiro Juliana , Cosme Fernanda , Filipe-Ribeiro Luís , M. Nunes Fernando
Published: December 2020

Port wine is a traditional and worldwide renowned fortified wine produced in the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR) Northeast of Portugal by specific and traditional winemaking practices. The final quality and uniqueness of the different Port wine styles are highly dependent on the ageing process, namely time, temperature and oxygen levels that will ultimately dictate the type and extension of the chemical changes that occur during this process. These chemical changes occurring during the Port wine ageing process results in significant changes in colour and aroma according to the different ageing conditions employed for the different Port wine styles. This chapter intends to give a broad and generic overview of the known and potential chemical changes occurring during ageing of Port wine that are responsible for the changes in the sensory profile observed during the ageing process. Also, the known chromatic and aromatic characteristics of the different Port wine styles and the specific ageing processes, reductive or oxidative, are reviewed.
Mutual impact of personal income tax and macroeconomic indicators
Authors: Ćurčić Mihailo , Milojević Irena , Krunić Nikola
Published: December 2020

From mid-2006 to the end of 2008, numerous decisions were adopted in the public finances of the Republic of Serbia, which resulted in a permanent reduction in tax revenues and in increase of public expenditures. It creates a systemic imbalance between government revenue and expenditure, that is, the fiscal deficit. The emergence of the fiscal deficit is the main motive of the conducted research, where by using a simple regression analysis of the time series of macroeconomic data, authors linked the indicators of economic growth and personal income tax. The results of the research indicate the importance of the influence of personal income tax on the creation of a favorable macroeconomic environment, where the regulation and reform of the existing tax system are imposed as imperatives.
Food allergies in Sarajevo Canton
Authors: Slatina Enes , Ibrahimpašić Mirza
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Food allergies have been recognized as significant health issue in last two decades. Prevalence is from 3-38 % of self-reported cases, i.e. 1-7% of those that have been diagnosed as allergies. Numerous projects have been undertaken during last years in order to determine prevalence of food allergies, most frequent allergen types, cause of allergies, link with other health problems, methods of diagnosing, risk control management in food industry, adjustment of legislation in accordance to the needs of allergic persons etc. While some countries have done a lot when it comes to this issue, others even do not have yet data on food allergies in their area, and this is the situation in BiH too. RESEARCH GOALS: Establish food allergy prevalence from survey in Sarajevo Canton. Establish frequency of some other allergies in subjects. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study on allergies and it was conducted during March and April, 2017 amongst Sarajevo Canton population of both genders and all age groups by random sampling method. Specifically designed survey questionnaire consisting of 16 questions was filled in by 480 subjects. The research was conducted retrospectively. Results: Results of the survey conducted in Sarajevo Canton are: 51% of persons reporting to have some type of allergy, while 20% of that is reported food allergy cases, i.e. 11.67% of diagnosed food allergy cases, in relation to the total number of 480 subjects (100%) who participated in the survey. The most frequently reported allergens are: milk and dairy products, cereals, eggs, peanut, nuts, fish (including mollusks and crustaceans) and eggs. Conclusion: As per obtained results of food allergy prevalence in our research in total surveyed sample of 480 subjects, there are 96 (20%) of subjects, which indicates that the problem of allergies in Sarajevo Canton is significant, with frequency in values characteristic for other regions of Europe and the world. Legislation is harmonized at a regular basis with the EU Acquis communautaire, but there is lack of easily accessible information, that people with allergies could use to facilitate the process of diagnosing, preventing contact with allergens and coping with them in everyday life.
Screen time and extracurricular sports participation among children in a local community in Serbia
Authors: Petrović Vesna , Rožek-Mitrović Tanja , Erceg-Javor Radmila
Published: December 2020

Introduction: There is evidence that higher levels of screen time are associated with various negative effects on children's health. On the other hand, amounts of physical activity greater than 60 minutes provide additional health benefits. The aim of our study was to compare screen time and participation in extracurricular sports activities between two groups of adolescents in Inđija. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Primary Healthcare Center Inđija. 200 students participated, of which 100 fifth grade elementary school students and 100 first grade secondary school students. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire, which was designed for this study. Results: In our study 200 of students participated, of which 41% were boys. Secondary school students ignored the recommendations for daily screen time significantly more than elementary school students, on workdays (ch²=28.06, p<0.01), and at weekends (ch²=40.996, p<0.01). Elementary school students participated in extracurricular sports significantly more than secondary school students (ch²=5.225, p<0.05). High school boys participated in extracurricular sports considerably more than high school girls (ch²=16.234, p<0.01), and elementary school girls also participated more than high school girls (ch²=7.966, p<0.05). Conclusion: This research showed that more than half of the students in Inđija ignored the recommendations for screen time on workdays and at weekends, high school students considerably more than elementary school students. Approximately forty percents of the students did not participate in extracurricular sports. Elementary school students participate in extracurricular activities significantly more than secondary school students, with significant decline in high school girls.
Pengendalian trips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) pada tanaman kacang hijau (Vigna radiata): Pengaruh waktu tanam dan periode pengendalian
Authors: Indiati Sri Wahyuni , Bayu Marida Santi Yudha Ika
Published: December 2020

Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) merupakan hama utama tanaman kacang hijau yang dapat menyebabkan gagal panen, oleh sebab itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu tanam kacang hijau dan waktu pengendalian hama trips yang tepat, serta resiko kehilangan hasil yang minimal. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kebun percobaan Muneng, Probolinggo, Jawa Timur pada musim kemarau 2015. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak terbagi (split plot) dalam acak lengkap dengan waktu tanam sebagai whole plot (petak utama) dan perlakuan waktu pengendalian kimia sebagai sub plot (anak petak) dengan 2 ulangan. Enam waktu tanam sebagai petak utama terdiri atas waktu tanam I 20 Mei 2015, tanam II 30 Mei 2015; tanam III 9 Juni 2015; tanam IV 19 Juni 2015; tanam V 29 Juni 2015, dan tanam VI 9 Juli 2015. Sementara, waktu pengendalian kimia menggunakan insektisida fipronil sebagai anak petak terdiri atas 4 perlakuan, yaitu (1) tanpa pengendalian kimia selama fase vegetatif dan generatif (kontrol); (2) pengendalian kimia selama fase generatif; (3) pengendalian kimia selama fase vegetatif; dan (4) pengendalian kimia selama fase vegetatif dan generatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala serangan trips mulai tampak pada 21 hari setelah tanam (HST), ditandai dengan daun trifoliat pertama mengeriting. Populasi trips per tanaman meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya umur tanaman. Populasi trips tertinggi terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan waktu tanam II (akhir Mei) dengan perlakuan tanpa pengendalian, yaitu mencapai 17,8 individu pada tanaman umur 18 HST. Kehilangan hasil tertinggi 90,2% terdapat pada perlakuan waktu tanam I (pertengahan Mei) dan waktu tanam II (akhir Mei) sebesar 85,6%, apabila tanaman tidak dikendalikan selama fase vegetatif dan generatif. Bulan Mei merupakan periode kritis tanaman kacang hijau terhadap serangan trips. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk mengurangi resiko kehilangan hasil akibat serangan trips, yaitu dengan menghidari bertanam kacang hijau pada bulan Mei. Di daerah endemik serangan trips, pengendalian hama pada awal pertumbuhan tanaman dan selama fase vegetatif merupakan faktor penentu perolehan hasil biji kering kacang hijau. Musim bediding dapat dijadikan pertanda bagi petani agar waspada terhadap serangan hama trips, dan segera melakukan tindakan pengendalian hama agar tidak terlambat.
Host preference of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) on six kinds of flour
Authors: Astuti Ludji Pantja , Mutala’liah Mutala’liah
Published: December 2020

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbts) is a major pest of flour from various grains. The infested flour is discoloured and will emit a disagreeable odour due to the secretion of benzoquinone from the insect’s abdominal glands. Considering the economic losses effected by T. castaneum, new alternative control measures are needed for this pest. This study sought to determine the host preferences of T. castaneum from amongst six kinds of flour to assess their vulnerability to infestation. The research was conducted in the Plant Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya. The host preferences of T. castaneum were examined using a six-arm olfactometer. Feeding preference tests were performed for a duration of 12 hours at 200 ml/minute airflow in each chamber-arm, followed by oviposition preference observations one week later. Feeding preference was calculated for the total pool of adults observed, segregated by sex, whereas oviposition preference was calculated as the number of eggs laid. Flour nutrition (proximate composition, phenolic content, and riboflavin content) were analyzed. Our results showed a feeding preference by T. castaneum for bran, soy and tapioca flour was greater over wheat, corn, and white gelatinous rice flour, while for oviposition, bran flour was the most preferred.
THE ART OF TUNING LITERARY TRANSLATION
Authors: Naranjo Sánchez Beatriz
Published: December 2020

This work intends to transfer up-to-date findings in musical research to the field of translation and try to find out which ―if any― are the potential benefits of music-listening when combined with literary translation. Music is, therefore, studied here in its psychological dimension, as an external stimulus with the power to cause a significant cognitive and emotional impact in listeners. Keeping this premise in mind, we want to understand how background music may affect translators’ behavior and, ultimately, translation quality and creativity.
Mudança estrutural da esfera privada? Big data e os desafios à antropologia política da modernidade
Authors: Da Hora Leonardo
Published: December 2020

Uma reflexão crítica sobre os caminhos e descaminhos das tecnologias contemporâneas se impõe com cada vez mais força na atualidade. Não se pode mais falar das dimensões “social” e “política” apenas se referindo à interação intersubjetiva; é preciso focar igualmente na interação humana com os aparatos técnicos. Tendo como pano de fundo a crescente digitalização da vida, acompanhada de processos de captação e armazenamento massivos de dados por parte de diferentes mecanismos e instâncias, gostaria de abordar, neste artigo, uma série de análises sobre os impactos do big data nos campos da economia, da política e da subjetividade a fim de colocar a seguinte questão: em que medida esse novo fenômeno não altera a configuração dos espaços de socialização e subjetivação, notadamente a esfera privada, de sorte a gerar um impacto na própria estruturação das democracias modernas? Tal questão se impõe na medida em que a antropologia política da modernidade é baseada, predominantemente, em uma noção substancial de sujeito autônomo, que possui na esfera privada um espaço fundamental de atividade e vivência cujo acesso lhe é privilegiado. Sendo assim, o objetivo do artigo é o de iniciar uma discussão sobre até que ponto as bases da antropologia política da modernidade não estariam sendo solapadas a partir de uma “mudança estrutural da esfera privada”, uma vez que o acesso privilegiado do indivíduo a determinados dados privados poderia ser suplantado pelo advento do Big Data, ameaçando um dos principais pressupostos teóricos e institucionais do liberalismo e da democracia moderna, a saber: a de que somos seres autônomos, responsáveis e os únicos capazes de legitimamente deliberar e tomar determinadas decisões. Procurarei trabalhar tal questionamento a partir de uma proposta de reatualização do conceito habermasiano de consciência tecnocrática.
Virtudes morais a partir do horizonte da ética da responsabilidade de Hans Jonas: pandemia, emergência climática e futuros próximos
Authors: Carvalho Helder Buenos Aires de
Published: December 2020

O artigo busca explicitar, a partir da perspectiva da ética da responsabilidade de Hans Jonas, em um diálogo com a ética das virtudes, que virtudes morais são necessárias como componentes da afirmação jonasiana de cuidado pela vida e pela manutenção da existência da humanidade, mesmo em um futuro próximo, diante da ameaça trazida pela emergência climática — produzida pela própria humanidade em seu modus operandi de intensivo uso das tecnologias como correia de transmissão do capitalismo global —; bem como pelas questões postas pela emergência da pandemia da Covid-19, especialmente pela lida requerida diante de um problema global que ameaça diretamente a vida diante de nossos olhos no presente e em futuros próximos. A pandemia da Covid-19 é um mote para defender a necessidade urgente do cultivo de certas virtudes que dão cumprimento ao princípio responsabilidade, mas também de obtenção de compreensão prévia concreta das enormes dificuldades envolvidas no enfrentamento ético da emergência climática.
Entrevista com Michel Maffesoli
Authors: Incerti Fabiano , Candido Douglas Borges , Barros Eduardo Portanova
Published: December 2020

Entrevue avec Michel MaffesoliEntrevista com Michel Maffesoli
Nonlinear Schr?dinger equation for internal waves in deep sea
Authors: Song Shi-Yan  , Wang Jing  , Meng Jun-Min  , Wang Jian-Bu  , Hu Pei-Xin  ,   (1)国家海洋局第一海洋研究所，青岛  266061; (2)中国海洋大学信息科学与工程学院，青岛  266100
Published: December 2020

Considering two-layer fluid bounded by the thermocline, under the condition of weak nonlinearity, based on the dynamic equations of two-layer fliud, the nonlinear Schrdinger equation for internal waves in deep sea is obtained by adopting hierarchical method. The coefficients of dispersion and nonlinearity are analysed, the soliton solution of the nonlinear Schrdinger equation is obtained, and the exactitude of the theory is demonstrated by a numerical experiment.
Full-relativistic multi-configuration self-consistent calculation of atomic structures and physical properties——Construction of “quasi-complete basis sets” and configuration interaction calculations
Authors: Cheng Cheng  , Zhang Xiao-Le  , Qing Bo  , Li Jia-Ming  , Gao Xiang  ,   (1)Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (2)Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Nano Sciences of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (3)Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Nano Sciences of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: December 2020

Based on the variation principle, many methods have been developed in atomic structure calculations. A high quality complete basis set is essential to the calculation of atomic structures. We present how to construct quasi-complete basis sets through Dirac-Fock calculations and multi-configuration Dirac-Fock self-consistent filed calculations by using the full-relativistic GRASPVU program package, which is based on the multi-configuration Dirac-Fock method. The relativistic configuration interaction calculations are carried out by using the quasi-complete basis sets to adequately consider correlations. The relativistic retardation effect of electromagnetic interactions and the quantum electron dynamic corrections are also taken into account. Our calculation results of He agree well with other theoretical results and experimental results, which validates the feasibility of our calculation scenario. Our calculations are full-relativistic, and can be extended to high Z helium-like ions in which the relativistic effect is important. Our scenario of constructing quasi-complete basis sets can be used in any many-electron atomic system. We calculated the energy levels of Mg and elucidated the mechanism of its interesting fine-structure splittings of 3 3D and 4 3D levels.
Salivary and plasmatic oxytocin are not reliable trait markers of the physiology of the oxytocin system in humans
Authors: Martins Daniel , Gabay Anthony S , Mehta Mitul , Paloyelis Yannis
Published: December 2020

Single measurements of salivary and plasmatic oxytocin are used as indicators of the physiology of the oxytocin system. However, questions remain about whether they are sufficiently stable to provide valid trait markers of the physiology of the oxytocin system, and whether salivary oxytocin can accurately index its plasmatic concentrations. Using radioimmunoassay, we measured baseline plasmatic and/or salivary oxytocin from two independent datasets. We also administered exogenous oxytocin intravenously and intranasally in a triple dummy, within-subject, placebo-controlled design and compared baseline levels and the effects of routes of administration. Our findings question the use of single measurements of baseline oxytocin concentrations in saliva and plasma as valid trait markers of the physiology of the oxytocin system in humans. Salivary oxytocin is a weak surrogate for plasmatic oxytocin. The increases in salivary oxytocin observed after intranasal oxytocin most likely reflect unabsorbed peptide and should not be used to predict treatment effects.
Driver versus navigator causation in biology: the case of insulin and fasting glucose
Authors: Diwekar-Joshi Manawa , Watve Milind
Published: December 2020

Background

In biomedicine, inferring causal relation from experimental intervention or perturbation is believed to be a more reliable approach than inferring causation from cross-sectional correlation. However, we point out here that even in interventional inference there are logical traps. In homeostatic systems, causality in a steady state can be qualitatively different from that in a perturbed state. On a broader scale there is a need to differentiate driver causality from navigator causality. A driver is essential for reaching a destination but may not have any role in deciding the destination. A navigator on the other hand has a role in deciding the destination and the path but may not be able to drive the system to the destination. The failure to differentiate between types of causalities is likely to have resulted into many misinterpretations in physiology and biomedicine.

Methods

We illustrate this by critically re-examining a specific case of the causal role of insulin in glucose homeostasis using five different approaches (1) Systematic review of tissue specific insulin receptor knock-outs, (2) Systematic review of insulin suppression and insulin enhancement experiments, (3) Differentiating steady state and post-meal state glucose levels in streptozotocin treated rats in primary experiments, (4) Mathematical and theoretical considerations and (5) Glucose-insulin relationship in human epidemiological data.

Results

All the approaches converge on the inference that although insulin action hastens the return to a steady state after a glucose load, there is no evidence that insulin action determines the steady state level of glucose. Insulin, unlike the popular belief in medicine, appears to be a driver but not a navigator for steady state glucose level. It is quite likely therefore that the current line of clinical action in the field of type 2 diabetes has limited success largely because it is based on a misinterpretation of glucose-insulin relationship. The insulin-glucose example suggests that we may have to carefully re-examine causal inferences from perturbation experiments and set up revised norms for experimental design for causal inference.
Impact of COVID-19 Induced Lockdown on Air Pollution and Remediation Measures
Authors: Kangiwa I. A. , Mohammed M. I.
Published: December 2020

Air pollution is reported to have reduced to a level that has not been recorded since the end of World War (II), and this is largely due to the global lockdown imposed to curb the spread of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across the globe, hence the need for a review, interpretation and harmonisation of the available literature in this regard. Attempt is made from the available literature in elaborating the generality of the concepts of air pollution from the perspective of the global lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The synergy between the lockdown and decreased air pollution in relation to climate change, is explored. Various health and environmental consequences of air pollution and climate change are outlined. Major ailments and mortalities associated to air pollution are bound to decrease due to reduction in air pollution, and this is affirmed. We highlight some achievable control measures and techniques for tackling air pollutants in line with the principles of green chemistry for re-consideration under reviewed policies and guidelines by governments, stakeholders and policy-makers. Additionally, we propose some new remediation measures and policies that could be harnessed and deliberated upon by stakeholders and policy-makers to checkmate greenhouse gases emissions, improve air quality and minimise air pollution and climate change. We recommend how these measures could be adopted and implemented for improved health care. Data need to be collated post COVID-19 to ascertain the level of mortalities due to the consequence of air pollution and compare same with the mortality rate for COVID-19.
Ocimum gratissimum Capped Sulfur Nanoparticles and Antibacterial Efficacy against Multidrug-Resistant Microbes
Authors: Bankole Owolabi M. , Osuntokun Oludare Temitope , Adeola Adedapo , Owoeye Afolabi
Published: December 2020

This manuscript reports for the first time synthesis of sulfur nanoparticles prepared from thiosulphatepentahydrate ( ) using either oxalic acid alone ( ), or mixture of oxalic acid and aqueous solution of Ocimum gratissimum ( ). The synthesized sulfur nanoparticles were obtained in satisfactory yields, and characterized with techniques such asUV-Vis, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, and FT-IR. Presence of capping agents: Oxalic acid and biomolecule contents of Ocimum gratissimum were confirmed by FTIR. Crystallinity, morphology, shapes and elemental compositions of as-prepared nanoparticles were confirmed by XRD, SEM, TEM and EDX, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the prepared sulfur nanoparticles against five (5) multidrug-resistant microbes were used for this research work. This included Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella pullorum. The zone of inhibition of the sulfur nanoparticles tested against selected clinical isolates. Staphylococcus aureus was observed to have the highest susceptibility to sulfur nanoparticles ( ) mediated with Ocimum gratissimum plant extract with diameter of 21.0mm; E.coli and Salmonella P. aeruginosa showed resistance. All tested clinical isolates were resistant to the other sulfur nanoparticles (SNP1) synthesized in the absence of Ocimum gratissimum plant extract.
Effect of Sowing Times on Yield Attributes of an Exotic (China) Hybrid Rice Variety in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Setara , Rahman Md. Hafizur , Rashid Md. Mamunur , Islam Md. Sirajul , Manir Md. Rezaul , Salahuddin A. K. M.
Published: December 2020

This experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Botany experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka during the period from January to April 2014 to study the effect of sowing times on the yield attributes of an exotic (China) hybrid rice variety in Bangladesh. Five treatments were considered regarding 5 sowing dates or transplanting dates viz. (i) S1 = 1st sowing at 1st January 2014; transplanted at 21st January, (ii) S2 = 2nd sowing at 21st January; transplanted at 11th February, (iii) S3 =3rd sowing at 11th February; transplanted at 3rd March, (iv) S4 = 4th sowing at 3rd March; transplanted at 23rd March and (v) S5 = 5th sowing at 23rd March; transplanted at 13th April. Data were recorded on different growth parameters to examine the effect of sowing times on the yield attributes of the tested variety. The studied parameters were significantly affected by different sowing times or transplanting times. Results revealed that different parameters regarding yield attributes, the seeds of the test variety sown at 1st January 2014 and transplanted at 21st January (S1) furnished the best results in respect of the weight of filled grain hill-1 (38.87 g), weight of filled grain plot-1 (2.18 kg), 1000 seed weight (36.00 g), grain yield ha-1 (3.64 ton) and the highest harvest index (43.46%) compared to the seedling transplanted on other dates or times. These findings can be used in further breeding program.
Consumer Food Preferences and Drivers amongst Ghanaians: Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Agyei-Amponsah J. , Owureku-Asare M. , Katiyo W.
Published: December 2020

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on food preference and choice of a group of Ghanaian consumers and to identify the key potential drivers.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted online. Data were collected over a 1-month period in May 2020 during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology: The study questionnaire was administered through a virtual snowball sampling method using WhatsApp.

Results: The results of the study showed that age and gender were not critical for food choice during the lockdown period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most consumers (92 %) either stayed away completely from eateries or patronized order/delivery services. Consumers’ food and diet choices were skewed toward eating healthier homemade foods to boost their immunity. The main drivers of purchase preference for the Ghanaian consumer during the lockdown period of COVID-19 were the expiration date, quality and sensory characteristics of food products.

Conclusion: The food preference of the group of Ghanaian consumers used surveyed in this study did not change during the COVID-19 restrictions. The Ghanaian consumer chose healthier homemade foods over food from eateries. The findings of this research work would be beneficial to government agencies and food companies involved in food supply intervention programmes during a pandemic.