bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stackable SiC Embedded Ceramic Packages for High Voltage and High Temperature Power Electronics Applications
Authors: Bach Hoang Linh , Dirksen Daniel , Blechinger Christoph , Endres Tobias Maximilian , Bayer Christoph Friedrich , Schletz Andreas , März Martin
Published: July 2019

This paper encompasses the development of a high voltage and high temperature capable package for power electronic applications based on the embedding of SiC (silicon carbide) semiconductor devices in ceramic circuit carrier such as direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate. By sealing the semiconductor devices into DBC substrates, high temperature, high voltage and high current capability as well as high corrosion resistance can be achieved compared to state-of-the-art PCB (printed circuit board) embedding technology. The power devices are attached with high temperature stable solder and sinter material, and are surrounded by thermal conductive ceramic and high temperature capable potting materials that enable the complete package to operate at 250 °C or above. Furthermore, the single embedded packages can be stacked together to multilevel DBC topologies with increased voltage blocking characteristics. Thus, current limits of PCB and LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) based multilayer solutions are exceeded and will be confirmed in the course of this study. This package is designed to carry out the maximal performance of SiC and future WBG (wide band-gap) devices. It is a promising solution for applications in harsh ambient environment such as aerospace and turbine, geothermal well logging, down hole-well oil & gas, but also applicable for HEV/EV (hybrid electric/electric vehicle) and energy conversion.
Characteristics of Organic-Based Thermal Interface Materials Suitable for High Temperature Operation
Authors: Wang Baron , Chen Andrea S. , Lo Randy H.Y.
Published: July 2019

Historically, for semiconductors subject to standard operating temperatures--which tend not to exceed 125°C--the Tg (glass transition temperatures) of the organic packaging materials protecting the chips is usually around 175°C. Given that, when it comes to electronics operating at high temperatures—typically an environment where the ambient temperature exceeds 200°C—the use of organic materials is generally prohibited due to rapid degradation. At those elevated temperatures, the packaging materials selected are generally composed of metals and ceramics but these materials come with their own shortfalls as well as higher material and manufacturing costs. Therefore, it would be desirable if there were ‘ruggedized’ versions of the organic compounds so commonly used in semiconductor packaging but available for more extreme temperatures, both to reduce cost and package footprint.

Meanwhile, the demands from recent developments in high performance computing (HPC) and high-speed data networks means a greater need for increased power and thermal dissipation coupled with very large package body sizes to accommodate the high I/O count. The latest in server microprocessor (MPU) products can easily generate up to 300W during operation, and the heat generated must be quickly transported away from chip to prevent the threat of thermal shutdown. The thermal dissipation issue is controlled by the use of heat spreaders and heat sinks, both of which are intended to make contact with the back-side of a flipped MPU via a thermal interface material (TIM), as part of a large die, large body-size flip-chip ball grid array (FCBGA) package.

The thermal interface materials discussed here are examples of organic engineered materials that are capable of withstanding higher operating temperatures than typically seen by semiconductors encased in organic-based packaging. This paper will look at the key material and mechanical attributes for a good thermal interface material, examines the pros-and-cons of various thermal interface material formulations, and discusses the factors for reliable thermal dissipation performance.
Comparative study of how additives affect sintered silver microstructure in die-attach applications
Authors: Lo Ming , Paknejad Seyed Amir , Borrill Harry , Kong Wan K. , Addo-Kwabena Addo , Saidoune Mohamed , Powley Chris , Kapadia Naim , Zuo Yang , Mannan Samjid H.
Published: July 2019

Die attach materials based on silver nanoparticles which sinter at temperatures in the range 200–300 °C are a comparatively new technology. The properties of the sintered structure can be affected by a wide range of additives which can alter the physical and chemical characteristics of the joints. In this study, a commercially available Ag nanoparticle paste has been used as the base, and a range of additives have been added principally to determine the effect of each additive on the sintered microstructure immediately after sintering, and after long term thermal ageing. The additives trialled include Au, Sn, Cu, and Zn. In each case the additive powder was mixed with the original paste and the microstructure after sintering was compared to the microstructure after ageing at 250 °C for 24 h. Another method of introducing an additive into the system is adding it as a mesh, interposed between die and substrate and immersed in the silver paste. Au was added in both this form, and in the form of a powder additive. The mesh results in a thermodynamically stable microstructure up to at least 500 °C. The design takes advantage of solid–solid interdiffusion bonding which results in a die attach assembly with a continuous, non-porous gold-silver interdiffusion layer running all the way from the die to the substrate.
Fabrication of highly reliable joint based on Cu@Ni@Sn double-layer powder for high temperature application
Authors: Xu Hongyan , Shen Yaochun , Hu Yihua , Li Jianqiang , Xu Ju
Published: July 2019

A highly reliable three-dimensional network structure joint was fabricated based on Cu@Ni@Sn core-shell powder and transient liquid phase bonding (TLPB) technology for high temperature application. Cu@Ni@Sn joint is characterized by Cu metal particles embedded in the matrix of (Cu,Ni)6Sn5/Ni3Sn4 intermetallics (IMCs), low level of voiding is achieved, they can be reflowed at a low temperatures (<260°C), but reliably working at high temperature up to 415°C. Cu@Ni@Sn double-layer microparticles with different Sn layer and Ni layer thickness were fabricated and compressed as preform used for TLPB joint bonding, the microstructure and phase composition evolution for Cu@Sn and Cu@Ni@Sn system were comparatively studied during reflowing and aging process. Different kinds of interfacial structure designs were made, interfacial microscopic morphology was analyzed and compared under once and twice reflowing soldering process. Results indicated that Sn coating layer was completely consumed to form (Cu,Ni)6Sn5/Ni3Sn4 IMCs, Cu@Ni@Sn bondline have lower void rate and higher shear strength than that of Cu@Sn. The mechanism of Ni coating layer inhibit Cu atom diffusing towards Cu6Sn5 to form Cu3Sn was studied. The high reliable three-dimensional network structure joint based on Cu@Ni@Sn double-layer powder was fabricated for high temperature application.
Resistors for High Temperature Applications
Authors: Morris Tom
Published: July 2019

The use and growth of high temperature electronics in a variety of applications (such as oil and gas exploration and production, automotive under the hood, aerospace and satellite/space to name a few), has necessitated a closer look at the technology used in passive components (such as resistors). A variety of resistor technologies may be suitable for high temperature applications. In the paper information, on thin film technologies (both nichrome and tantalum nitride thin film information is presented), thick film, and wire-wound construction is presented, with discussions regarding their respective characteristics that make them more or less suitable for high temperature and other excessive environments. This paper presents information on resistor construction details, material information and manufacturing processing, along with test data and performance summaries under short and long term high temperature conditions. Additionally, other pertinent test data through typical environmental tests is presented

Although resistors and other passive components are often taken for granted, high temperature applications can tax the performance of many resistor types. The proper selection of resistive components will insure that the stability, temperature coefficient (and temperature coefficient tracking for resistor networks), and reliability is maintained to insure reliable circuit performance.
A modular application specific active test environment for high-temperature wafer test up to 300 °C
Authors: Meister Michael , Reinhard Marco
Published: July 2019

Applications in harsh environment such as high temperatures require electronic devices for signal amplification, calculations and digital interfaces. These devices often contain ASICs (application specific integrated circuits) which are suitable for high temperatures above 125 °C. For functionality verification of these high-temperature ASICs a high-temperature wafer test environment is necessary.

This article describes a high-temperature wafer test setup which can be used up to 300 °C. It is based on a modular concept for a maximum of 48 test channels. The combination of three modular components (contact needle system, thermal insulation chamber and active probe card) allows adapting the setup to different ASICs and pad layouts. The active probe card operates at temperatures below 65 °C during 300 °C wafer test temperature. It is mounted on the thermal insulation chamber for signal amplification, defined loads or generation of precise input signals. This modular concept significantly shortens the development time for the high-temperature wafer test and thus saves time and reduce the costs of ASIC development.
Emerging/re-emerging viral diseases & new viruses on the Indian horizon
Authors: Mourya Devendra T. , Yadav Pragya D. , Ullas P.T. , Bhardwaj Sumit D. , Sahay Rima R. , Chadha Mandeep S. , Shete Anita M. , Jadhav Santosh , Gupta Nivedita , Gangakhedkar Raman R. , Khasnobis Pradeep , Singh Sujeet K.
Published: July 2019

Infectious diseases remain as the major causes of human and animal morbidity and mortality leading to significant healthcare expenditure in India. The country has experienced the outbreaks and epidemics of many infectious diseases. However, enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as malaria, plague, leprosy and cholera, in the past. The country's vast terrains of extreme geo-climatic differences and uneven population distribution present unique patterns of distribution of viral diseases. Dynamic interplays of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. In this article, the major emerging and re-emerging viral infections of public health importance have been reviewed that have already been included in the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme.
Elevated levels of glutathionyl haemoglobin as an oxidative stress marker in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Mathew Boby , Srinivasan Krishnamachari , Johnson Pradeep , Thomas Tinku , Mandal Amit Kumar
Published: July 2019

Background & objectives:

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), but biomarkers to assess oxidative stress in patients with MDD have yielded ambiguous results. Glutathionyl haemoglobin (GS-Hb) has been reported as a stable and potential biomarker for oxidative stress in various clinical conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate GS-Hb as a potential biomarker of oxidative stress in patients with MDD through its quantification and to compare the levels of GS-Hb in age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Methods:

The levels of GS-Hb were estimated using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in patients diagnosed with MDD and in a subset of patients after six weeks of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Results:

GS-Hb levels in drug-naïve patients with MDD (n=26) were significantly elevated compared to matched healthy controls (n=17). GS-Hb levels were not significantly different between MDD patients with and without co-morbid anxiety disorders. There were no significant differences in GS-Hb levels following six weeks of treatment with SSRIs compared to baseline.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Compared to controls, GS-Hb level in patients with MDD was significantly elevated, suggestive of increased oxidative stress associated with MDD. However, six weeks of antidepressant treatment was not sufficient to modify the alterations in antioxidant/oxidant system. Further studies need to be done with a large sample of MDD patients with a longer duration of antidepressant treatment.
Removal of organic matter from pre-treated domestic sewage in anaerobic biological reactor by a combined system of electrolytic and biological aerobic treatment
Authors: Fonseca Ariela Araujo , Ginoris Yovanka Pérez , Gontijo Norma Mendes Pinheiro , Souza Marco Antonio Almeida de
Published: July 2019

Biological processes are the most widespread methods for wastewater treatment. However, they are limited in their ability to degrade toxic and refractory pollutants, contaminants that electrochemical processes can remove. Therefore, this research explored the possibility of treating sewage by an anaerobic biological process followed by an aerobic system integrated to an electrolytic process. Three sequential batch reactors were operated in an automated way. Each of three reactors represented a process: aerobic biological treatment (BR); electrolytic treatment (ER); and a combination of both, the bio electrolytic reactor (BER). Two phases were ran with different electrodes: (Phase 1) stainless steel and (Phase 2) graphite. The electric current was varied from 0.001 to 0.100 A. COD, TS, SS, turbidity, and the zooplankton community were monitored. The highest organic matter removal efficiencies were 86%, 79% and 87% for BR, ER and BER, respectively. The best weekly BER efficiencies for COD removal were 90% and 98%, with current densities of 0.27 A/m2 (Phase 1) and 0.05 A/m2 (Phase 2). The main conclusions about bio electrolytic process were: (1) it did not achieve organic matter removal high enough to justify its application; (2) inert electrodes are the more indicated; and (3) the zooplankton community was affected by the electric current.
Selection of variables in the definition of a water quality index for the Brazilian Federal District
Authors: Passos Ana Luiza Litz , Muniz Daphne Heloisa de Freitas , Rangel Leandro Pin , Oliveira-Filho Eduardo Cyrino
Published: July 2019

Water Quality Indices (WQIs) are based on a small number of variables that establish categories for water quality. This method presents some problems with the evaluations, since WQIs do not consider the multiple uses of the water or differences in regional characteristics. The present study proposes a regional and more appropriate variable group for the definition of a Water Quality Index for the Brazilian Federal District, based on water quality monitoring of surface waters in the region. The monitoring was carried out monthly between August 2016 and July 2017, at three points on the Jardim River, Sobradinho Stream and Sarandi Stream, where 21 variables were evaluated. Among physical-chemical and microbiological analyses, the regional characteristics of these water bodies were noted, as well as their differences, and the main anthropogenic interferences that generate changes in water quality. In the urban area, the disposal of treated sewage from the wastewater treatment plant of Sobradinho was highlighted as the main anthropic interference, and agricultural activities stood out in the rural region of the study area. The impacts in the urbanized area were of greater weight. Thus, based on the results of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), two groups of variables were selected, one representative of urban areas and the other of rural areas, to compose two probable water quality indices (WQIs) for the Federal District.
Hemorragia digestiva alta diagnóstico e tratamento
Authors: Martins Angelica Arêa Leão , Silva Ayumi Miura Fialho da , Andrade Fabíola Gonçalves , Garcia Hamilton Cezar Rocha , Brito Ana Paula Santos Oliveira , Maneschy Rodrigo Bona
Published: July 2019

Introdução: a Hemorragia Digestiva Alta (HDA) é um quadro comum, sendo considerado emergência médica, necessitando de um diagnóstico preciso a fim de fornecer tratamento adequado para cada paciente e, assim, evitar maior tempo de internação e custo hospitalar. Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar as estratégias diagnósticas e terapêuticas empregadas no quadro de hemorragia digestiva alta, na literatura atual. Método: Revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados Uptodate, Scielo, Google acadêmico, PubMed, Lilacs, Cochrane e no último Consenso Brasileiro de Gastroenterologia, a partir do ano de 2013. Resultados: A avaliação inicial do paciente do HDA requer medidas de suporte básico, como a reposição volêmica, controle do sangramento, bem como a terapêutica farmacológica e/ou endoscópica e o controle de infecções. A conduta deve ser avaliada de acordo com o escore de Glasgow Blatchford (GBS) e a classificação endoscópica de Forrest, sendo a endoscopia, associada aos Inibidores de Bomba de Prótons, o método terapêutico de escolha na HDA. Conclusão: evidenciou-se que as estratégias diagnósticas e terapêuticas dependem principalmente da estabilidade pressórica e hemodinâmica, bem como do histórico prévio de hemorragia gastrointestinal alta varicosa e não varicosa. Métodos de identificação prévia do sítio da lesão são de suma relevância. Dentre o mais utilizado e que pode ser também terapêutico é a endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA), a qual possui seus vieses e fatores de risco. Podem ser aliados à EDA outros métodos mais atuais e de maior acurácia diagnóstica
Multiplicação in vitro de Xylopia aromatica em diferentes meios de cultura e concentrações de BAP
Authors: Porfírio Kennedy De Paiva , Titon Miranda , Castro Ana Caroline Macedo de , Pereira Israel Marinho , Knegt Rafael Antonius Pfeilsticker de
Published: July 2019

Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia de multiplicação in vitro para Xylopia aromatica, visando a produção de mudas, avaliando-se meios de cultura e concentrações de reguladores de crescimento mais adequados. Foram utilizados, como explantes, segmentos nodais, provindos de brotações de mudas produzidas via seminal e mantidas em viveiro. Foram testados os meios de cultura Murashige Skoog (MS) e Wood Plant Medium (WPM) suplementados com 800 mg L-1 de  polivinilpirrolidona (PVP), 30 g L-1 de sacarose, 0,054 µM de ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) e 6 g L-1 de ágar e concentrações de 2,22 e 3,55 µM de benzilaminopurina (BAP) para a multiplicação in vitro. Aos trinta dias, avaliou-se o número de brotações laterais emitidas e o percentual de explantes formando calos na base. As maiores taxas de multiplicação foram obtidas com o meio MS acrescido de 3,55 µM de BAP. Em relação à formação de calos na base dos explantes, o meio MS promoveu maior formação quando comparado ao WPM, no entanto não comprometeu a formação de brotos. Foi possível estabelecer as fases de introdução e multiplicação, definindo assim o meio de cultura e concentrações de reguladores de crescimento mais adequados ao cultivo in vitro de Xylopia aromatica.
Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Safeguard for Cardiovascular Surgery!
Authors: Wells Cynthia MQ
Published: July 2019

How to cite this article

Subramaniam K, Wells CMQ. Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Safeguard for Cardiovascular Surgery!. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2014;2(2):49-50.
What is the Effect of Implant-tooth Distance on Resonance Frequency Analysis Measurements?
Authors: Aljuboori Mohammed Jasim , Filho Luiz Carlos Magno , Al-Obaidi Farah Saadi , Al-Wakeel Hussein Ali , Al-Marzok Maan Ibrahim
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The volume and density of the bone surrounding an implant directly affect the implant stability during the healing period.

The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between resonance frequency analysis (RFA) readings and implant-tooth distances at the crestal and average apicalcrestal levels.

Materials and methods

Nine patients received 22 implants. Periapical radiographs were taken at 6 weeks, and the implant-tooth mesial and distal crestal level distances were measured, along with the mesial and distal apical levels. The average mesial (AM) and average distal (AD) apical-crestal distances were calculated. In cases in which either the AM or the AD of the implant was below 4 mm, the specimens were placed in the AMD– group; when both the AM and the AD were greater than 4 mm, the specimens were placed in the AMD+ group. The lower values were used for both groups. Resonance frequency analysis measurements were taken in the mesiodistal direction at 6 weeks. The correlations between the mean RFAs and the means of the distances were examined using Spearman's or Pearson's correlation tests, depending on the distributions of the data.

Results

The mean and SD of the AD group was 3.99 ± 3.19. The mean and SD of the AM group was 3.80 ± 2.67. The mean and SD of the AD– group was 2.72 ± 0.89. The mean and SD of the AD+ group was 6.34 ± 2.94. The mean and SD of the RFAs at 6 weeks was 77.82 ± 5.24, and for the AMD– and AMD+ groups, these measures were 78 ± 5.55 and 77.64 ± 5.36, respectively. None of the correlations between the RFAs and any of the distances were significant: AD (r = 0.114; Pearson's test, p < 0.05), AM (r = – 0.217; Spearman's test p < 0.05), AMD– (r = 0.248; Pearson's test, p < 0.05), and AMD+ (r = 0.3; Spearman's test, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this study, no correlations between the RFA readings and the implant-tooth distances were found at any level or distance.

How to cite this article

Aljuboori MJ, Filho LCM, Al-Obaidi FS, Al-Wakeel HA, Al-Marzok MI. What is the Effect of Implant-tooth Distance on Resonance Frequency Analysis Measurements? Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(2):124-129.
To compare Clinical and Anesthetic Efficacy of 4% Articaine, 0.5% Bupivacaine, and 2% Lignocaine in Maxillary Extractions
Authors: Bagga Isha Dilipsingh , Shah Kruti A , Rao Naman Rajeshkumar , Jain Pratik
Published: July 2019

The objective of our study was to compare the clinical and anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine, 0.5% bupivacaine, and 2% lignocaine in maxillary extractions.

Materials and methods

The study was conducted in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, on 50 systemically healthy subjects (18–75 years) requiring multiple maxillary extractions. Patients were labeled into 3 groups (2% lignocaine, 4% articaine, 0.5% bupivacaine using split mouth technique. Parameters includes: Time of anesthetic onset, Duration of postoperative analgesia, Postoperative anesthesia, and visual analog scale (VAS). A volume of 1.8–2 ml of 2% lignocaine or 4% articaine or 0.5% bupivacaine was infiltrated in the buccal vestibule (local infiltration) before extraction.

Results

The results showed that time of onset of action was significantly faster in 4% articaine when compared to 2% lignocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine.

Conclusion

Articaine have being proved to have better potency and efficacy in terms of onset of action and lower pain scores comparison but lignocaine still remained the gold standard local anesthetic agent in Dental practice due to its faster time of onset, less time of anesthesia and cost effectiveness when compared articaine and bupivacaine. Bupivacaine proved more efficient in pain control and remained concentrated for major procedures.

How to cite this article

Bagga ID, Shah KA, Rao NR, Jain P. To compare Clinical and Anesthetic Efficacy of 4% Articaine, 0.5% Bupivacaine, and 2% Lignocaine in Maxillary Extractions. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(1):34-39
Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Two New Commercially Available Desensitizing Agents: An in vivo Study
Authors: Maroli Sohani
Published: July 2019

Objective

To compare the clinical efficacy of two commercially available desensitizing agents, Fluorprotector vivampuole and GLUMA comfort bond plus desensitizer in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.

Materials and methods

A total of 203 teeth were selected for study. Patients who presented with a history of sensitivity to hot/cold, sweet, and sour food were examined using light tactile response along the cervical margin of the teeth. The assessment methods used to quantify sensitivity were tactile test, air blast test, and cold water test. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1: GLUMA comfort bond plus desensitizer; group 2: Fluorprotector vivampuole (newly introduced by Ivoclar). The patients were evaluated for sensitivity at five appointments: at baseline, immediately after application of the agent, 1 day after application, after 1 week, and after 1 month.

Results

Patients belonging to group 2 showed significantly better results compared with patients of group 1 at 4 weeks.

Conclusion

Both the desensitizing agents showed significant reduction in sensitivity at all time intervals compared with baseline. However, Fluorprotector vivampuole appeared to be more effective in providing long-term relief against all the three test stimuli.

Clinical Significance

Fluorprotector vivampuole is a newly introduced fluoride varnish which is clear and colorless. It can be used in cases of dentinal hypersensitivity without affecting the aesthetics of the patient, particularly in case of anterior teeth.

How to cite this article

Maroli S. Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Two New Commercially Available Desensitizing Agents: An in vivo Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(1):40-44.
Clinical Performance of Porcelain Laminate Veneers with Minimal Preparation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Borges Boniek , Costa Giovanna de FA da , Assunção Isauremi V de
Published: July 2019

Aim

To investigate the longevity of ceramic laminates with minimally invasive preparations.

Materials and methods

The research was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, using the keywords “dental veneers” or “dental porcelain” or “dental laminates” and survival or survivorship or longevity or “follow-up studies” and Kaplan-Meier. The studies selected for analysis were clinical trials where the ceramic laminates were made with anywhere from no cavity preparation to minimum preparation with a 1 mm maximum depth.

Results

Of 197 citations identified, five studies were included.

Conclusion

The survival of the ceramic laminates with minimal preparation is satisfactory, which leads us to conclude that the technique has longevity for 10 years.

How to cite this article

de FA da Costa G, Borges BCD, de Assunção IV. Clinical Performance of Porcelain Laminate Veneers with Minimal Preparation: A Systematic Review. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(1):56-59.
True Fibroma on the Palate: A Unique Case
Authors: Jain Mayuri
Published: July 2019

Benign fibrous overgrowths are often found in the oral cavity. Majority of the fibromas occurring in the oral cavity are reactive in nature and represent inflammatory hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue in response to local irritation or trauma rather than being a true neoplasm. True fibroma of the oral mucosa is an extremely rare benign neoplasm, only a few cases have been reported in the literature so far. Here, we report an exceptional case of relatively large true fibroma on the palate in an 80-yearold male patient, which was mimicking a hemangioma, not reported earlier in the literature.

How to cite this article

Jain M. True Fibroma on the Palate: A Unique Case. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(1):69-71.
A High-resolution Immunohistochemical Method for studying Receptor Expression on the Periodontal Ligament of Whole-mount Human Tooth Roots
Authors: Headen Karmel V , Ogunleye Afolabi O , Williams David E
Published: July 2019

Aims

Our laboratory has found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its cognate receptors [LPARs, (LPA1–6)] expressed by human gingival fibroblasts (GF) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) play key roles in oral fibroblast homeostasis and are implicated in the inflammation seen in periodontal disease. We have reported that PDLF express LPA1 and LPA3; however, information on the gross topographic distribution of LPARs in the periodontal ligament (PDL) was lacking, and therefore, we developed a simple method forin situlabeling of LPARs in the PDL of extracted teeth.

Materials and methods

Sectioning or grinding thin sections of demineralized or native teeth and periodontium have long been the standard methodologies used to assess biomarker distribution in the PDL; however, we modified traditional immunohistochemical labeling and used whole teeth with fixed, solvent permeabilized PDLs.

Results

LPA1 and LPA3 were specifically labeled in the PDL and could be visualized at both the macroand micro-levels.

Conclusion

This technique effectively labeled LPARs, and it can serve as a basis for thein situvisualization of other biomolecules expressed in the PDL.

Clinical Significance

The ability to observe PDL LPAR distribution at the macro-level complements the microscopic data, and it is useful for detecting and documenting molecular changes in the PDL/PDLF that were brought about by age, experimental treatments, or pathologies like periodontal disease.

How to cite this article

Cerutis DR, Headen KV, Ogunleye AO, Williams DE. A High-resolution Immunohistochemical Method for studying Receptor Expression on the Periodontal Ligament of Whole-mount Human Tooth Roots. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2016;5(2):99-103.
Depth-of-cure of Bulk-fill Composites Cured in Tooth or Opaque Substrate
Authors: Church Brent W , Tantbirojn Daranee , Do Thuydung , Wells Martha H , Versluis Antheunis
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To determine the effect of substrate on the depth-of-cure determination when using hardness profiles in a covered-slot technique and to introduce a new covered-slot method that uses tooth substrates.

Materials and methods

Three bulk-fill composites and one conventional composite were tested: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Venus Bulk Fill, Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, Filtek Supreme Ultra. The composites were light-cured in rectangular slots (2 mm deep, 2 mm wide) made in a plaster mold or an extracted tooth. The slots were covered with an orange glass plate during curing, leaving one end exposed for light-curing. After curing, the glass plate was removed and the sample was stored in the dark for 24 hours before Vickers hardness was measured as a function of depth at 0.5-mm intervals. Results were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise comparisons (significance level 0.05).

Results

The hardness of composites cured in covered-slot molds decreased with increasing depth (p < 0.001). Bulk-filled composites cured in plaster molds had a slightly lower depth-of-cure than those cured in natural tooth substrates. Differences between the tooth and plaster substrates were significant at all depths in the “packable” bulk-fill composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill), and were significant at ≥2.5 and ≥3.5 mm in the flowable bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable and Venus Bulk Fill) respectively.

Conclusion

Using natural tooth substrates in the covered-slot method increased the depth-of-cure of bulk-filled composites in comparison to opaque plaster molds.

How to cite this article

Church BW, Tantbirojn D, Do T, Wells MH, Versluis A. Depth-of-cure of Bulk-fill Composites Cured in Tooth or Opaque Substrate. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(2):68-73.
Iatrogenic Narrowing of Inferior Vena Cava after Atrial Septal Defect Closure: The Role of Intraoperative Echocardiography
Authors: Mathew Thomas , Gadhinglajkar Shrinivas , Sreedhar Rupa , Lovhale Pravin , Tapdia Neeraj
Published: July 2019

Single-patch closure of a superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) may be complicated with narrowing of inferior vena cava (IVC). If the pressure gradient across the narrowed portion of superior vena cava (SVC) exceeds 6 mm Hg, widening of SVC lumen is considered. No such guidelines are available in literature for narrowing of inferior vena cava in cardiac surgical patients. We describe an incident of inferior narrowing of inferior vena cava in a 10-year-old girl, who was operated for closure of an inferior type of ostium secundum ASD (OSASD). There was hepatic venous dilatation accompanied with gradient of 3 mm Hg at the junction of inferior vena cava and right atrium (RA). The cardiopulmonary bypass was reestablished and the surgical closure of the septal defect was revised to rectify the problem.

How to cite this article

Gadhinglajkar S, Sreedhar R, Lovhale P, Mathew T, Tapdia N. Iatrogenic Narrowing of Inferior Vena Cava after Atrial Septal Defect Closure: The Role of Intraoperative Echocardiography. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2015;3(2):48-51.
Incidental Detection of Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava during Transvenous Pacing
Authors: Subash S , Gopal Divya , Thimmarayappa Ashwini
Published: July 2019

Patients with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) are usually asymptomatic, but due to its anatomical defects, difficulties in establishing central venous access, pacemaker implantation and cardiothoracic surgery are common. We report a case of 65 years old patient who presented with complete heart block in cardiac critical care and, after emergency transvenous pacing, the chest X-ray showed unusual course of the transvenous pacing lead, which on further transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) evaluation demonstrated dilated coronary sinus with PLSVC.

How to cite this article

Subash S, Gopal D, Thimmarayappa A. Incidental Detection of Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava during Transvenous Pacing. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2015; 3(2):52-54.
Perioperative Ultrasonography Review
Authors: Schott Nicholas J , Schott Christopher K
Published: July 2019

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) has become increasingly utilized in modern medicine. Advancements in device technology and ease of use have dramatically broadened its clinical applications. The role in acute care specialties of a pointof- care device has allowed increased opportunities for patient assessment and management. The specialties of emergency medicine and critical care medicine have accepted POCUS in many aspects of clinical use as well as trainee education. Anesthesiology has begun to implement the use of POCUS, specifically transthoracic echocardiography, in the perioperative setting. Many elements of patient care can be addressed and modified using this as an assessment tool. This has led to in growth in ultrasonography training and the potential to be a staple of future anesthesiology care. Point-of-care ultrasonography may become vital to the forefront of management for improving perioperative patient care.

How to cite this article

Schott NJ, Schott CK. Perioperative Ultrasonography Review. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2016; 4(1):3-9.
Role of Perioperative Echocardiographic in Surgical Correction of the Pulmonary Venous Anomalies
Authors: Negi Sunder
Published: July 2019

Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is the anomalous drainage of one or more than one pulmonary vein draining into right atrium, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, or innominate vein. Right-sided pulmonary vein anomalous drainage is usually associated with sinus venosus type atrial septal defect. Pericardial patch repair and rerouting of the right pulmonary vein are commonly performed operations for such cases. These operations involve a risk of obstruction to the flow of superior vena cava or rerouted pulmonary vein in the postoperative period. The defects are well visualized on the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). We are reporting three cases operated for anomalous drainage of right-sided pulmonary vein, highlighting the perioperative echocardiographic features.

How to cite this article

Kumar A, Dutta V, Negi S, Puri GD. Role of Perioperative Echocardiographic in Surgical Correction of the Pulmonary Venous Anomalies. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2016;4(1):19-26.
Orodental Local Drug Delivery
Authors: Ahanthem Nandita , Gazge Nikhat
Published: July 2019

Oral mucosal diseases are the most common diseases affecting humans and these can be treated with the use of various drugs. These drugs can be administered via many routes to produce its pharmacological bioeffects. One such site is the oral cavity, where both local and systemic deliveries of drug can take place. Oral route has been the most convenient and commonly employed route of drug delivery. The oral mucosa's accessibility, excellent blood supply, bypass of hepatic first pass metabolism, rapid repair, and permeability profile make it an attractive site for local and systemic drug deliveries. Local drug delivery allows topical treatment of various oral mucosal diseases, as it provides a more targeted and efficient drug-delivery option than systemic delivery. This review highlights various methods of drug delivery and important aspects of mucoadhesive drug delivery and drug dosage for treatment of orodental diseases.

How to cite this article

Ahanthem N, Basavaraju SM, Pachipulusu B, Gazge N. Orodental Local Drug Delivery. J Health Sci Res 2015;6(2):41-46.
Assessment of Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area and Its Relationship with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Devi Sakthi , Swaminathan Mythili , Murugappan Senthil , Ilangovan Karthikeyan , Kannaiyan Anitha
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The objective of this study is to assess the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) and its relationship with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes with and without periodontitis.

Materials and methods

A study was performed on 60 out-patients (males and females) reporting to the Department of Periodontics, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital and the Diabetic Clinic, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu. The age of the study subjects ranged from 40 to 60 years. Patients having HbA1c levels > 7 mg/dl were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus and were enrolled in the study. The selected patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each, with at least eight remaining teeth present: Group I - Diabetic patients with periodontitis (test) with probing pocket depth (PPD) of 3 to 10 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP), and Group II - Diabetic patients without periodontitis (periodontally healthy as control) with PPD not exceeding 3 mm and limited BOP. Subjects were excluded if they were under systemic antibiotics 3 months prior and during the study and if they have undergone periodontal treatment 6 months prior to the study.

Results

When HbA1c increased, the PISA values also increased in type 2 diabetic patients with and without periodontitis.

Conclusion

The cross-sectional clinical study reveals that there is a linear association between diabetes and PISA in type 2 diabetic patients with and without periodontitis.

How to cite this article

Devi S, Murugappan S, Swaminathan M, Ilangovan K, Mangalekar SB, Kannaiyan A. Assessment of Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area and Its Relationship with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):6-11.
Unveiling of Taste Disorders: An Overview
Authors: Govindraju Poornima , Srivastava Aparna
Published: July 2019

Taste is the sensation produced when a substance in the mouth react chemically with the taste receptor cells located on the taste buds. Taste abnormality associated with abnormal substances, such as food debris, dental plaque, abnormal salivary constituents, metabolic products of bacteria and fungi and inflammatory exudates in the oral cavity. Accurate diagnosis of taste loss is the foremost step in the treatment of taste abnormalities. It is therefore helpful for both patient and health care provider to unravel the accurate cause.

How to cite this article

Srivastava A, Govindraju P, Pachipulusu B. Unveiling of Taste Disorders: An Overview. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(1):12-15.
Management of an Infected Maxillary Periapical (Radicular) Cyst through Nasal Antrostomy
Authors: Nalini MS , Kumar Balasubramanya , Shroff Sunil
Published: July 2019

The radicular cyst is an inflammatory cyst that is formed as a consequence of pulpal necrosis mostly due to caries, which is often found and associated with periapical inflammation. Most of the times, radicular cysts resemble the preexisting chronic periapical periodontitis lesions radiographically. In this paper, a case of radicular cyst in the maxillary anterior region is discussed.

How to cite this article

Nalini MS, Kumar B, Shroff S. Management of an Infected Maxillary Periapical (Radicular) Cyst through Nasal Antrostomy. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(2):58-62.
Peripheral Cemento-ossifying Fibroma: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Guru Sanjeela R , Singh Sinam S , Guru Rakshith C
Published: July 2019

Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is an osteogenic neoplasm of odontogenic origin with uncertain pathogenesis, which presents as a localized growth manifesting predominantly in adolescent and young adults. Early diagnosis by thorough radiographic and histologic examination is crucial for positive identification of lesions. Proper surgical excision with aggressive curettage of adjoining tissues and complete elimination of etiological factors is extremely important for prevention of recurrence. This clinical report presents two cases of patients who reported with localized gingival overgrowth, diagnosed as PCOF after histological examination. The clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of the two cases are discussed, and postsurgery, the patients have been followed up for a 1-year period with no recurrence. In conclusion, it is difficult clinically to differentiate between the various gingival lesions. Therefore, this article emphasizes that though recurrence rate of PCOF is high, most of these cases can be adequately managed with sound periodontal treatment.

How to cite this article

Guru SR, Singh SS, Guru RC. Peripheral Cemento-ossifying Fibroma: A Report of Two Cases. J Health Sci Res 2016;7(2):71-75.
Associating Serum Iron and Magnesium Levels in Hypertensive and Chronic Periodontitis Patients: Do They have a Link?
Authors: Koregol Arati C , Mary TJ Jerin , Warad Shivaraj , Annam Tejaswini , Kataria Nitesh , Kalburgi Nagaraj B
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Micronutrients have been extensively studied in recent years; of these magnesium and iron are essential for a variety of physiologic functions. Activation of neutrophils is an early effect of hypomagnesemia, which, in turn, causes periodontal tissue destruction. Since magnesium also influences blood pressure regulation by vascular tone and reactivity, its altered levels could contribute to the pathophysiology of hypertension. Iron plays a key role in the formation of reactive oxygen species that causes peroxidative damage to tissues.

Aims and objectives

The present study is designed to estimate the levels of serum iron and magnesium in healthy, chronic periodontitis patients with and without hypertension.

Materials and methods

This study includes 90 subjects, age ranging from 18 to 65 years. They were categorized into three groups as group I: 30 periodontally healthy, group II: 30 chronic periodontitis, and group III: 30 chronic periodontitis with hypertension. Serum magnesium levels were determined using the modified xylidyl blue reaction method and serum iron levels using ferrozine method without deproteinization via photometry.

Results

Biochemical parameters showed mean serum iron levels in chronic periodontitis (59.17) to be significantly reduced as compared with the control group (76.90) and slightly increased in the chronic periodontitis with hypertension group (69.63). Serum magnesium levels were found to be significantly lower in the hypertensive group as compared with the chronic periodontitis and control groups.

Conclusion

Iron and magnesium have a link in the pathophysiology of periodontitis. Serum iron and serum magnesium levels were closely linked to periodontitis and hypertension.

How to cite this article

Kalburgi NB, Koregol AC, Mary TJJ, Warad S, Annam T, Kataria N. Associating Serum Iron and Magnesium Levels in Hypertensive and Chronic Periodontitis Patients: Do They have a Link? J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):61-65.
Root Coverage using Double Papilla with Connective Tissue Graft: A 13-month Report of a Successful Case
Authors: Sunil Sathyanarayana , Harsha MB
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Several techniques have been used to achieve root coverage and augment attached gingiva, including laterally positioned flaps, coronally positioned flaps, free gingival grafts, guided tissue regeneration, and connective tissue grafting. The decision of using a pedicle procedure or free tissue grafts is based on availability of the adjacent donor site and the width and depth of the defect site.

Case report

In this report, a young female patient reported with a deep and wide recession defect (Miller's class I) in the upper right central incisor with minimal keratinized gingival width. As the adjacent papillae were wide and showed good donor tissue and augmentation of width and thickness of keratinized gingiva were intended, double-papilla flap and connective tissue graft was performed. The 13-month postoperative showed Cairo's root coverage esthetic score of 6, satisfying the patient's esthetic needs.

Conclusion

The root coverage achieved was structurally and functionally stable at 13-month follow-up satisfying the patient's esthetic needs.

Clinical significance

This procedure seems to be a promising treatment option for deep-wide gingival recessions for root coverage and increasing the thickness and width of keratinized gingiva.

How to cite this article

Sunil S, Babu HM. Root Coverage using Double Papilla with Connective Tissue Graft: A 13-month Report of a Successful Case. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(2):77-79.
Diálogos com uma política pública de formação de professores que ensinam matemática na Inglaterra: o caso do Maths Hubs
Authors: Rolkouski Emerson
Published: July 2019

Esse artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar uma política pública de formação continuada da Inglaterra denominada de Maths Hubs. A descrição realizada leva em conta os campos administrativos, operacionais e conceptuais. A análise é empreendida a partir da mobilização de diálogos com políticas públicas brasileiras, sem desconsiderar o contexto em que ações dessa natureza são realizadas. Os diálogos construídos auxiliaram na compreensão da política inglesa, bem como ampliam a compreensão sobre as ações brasileiras de formação continuada de professores de matemática, sem deixar de lado a devida crítica à importação ingênua de modelos que pasteuriza a educação mundial, diminuindo os espaços de criatividade.