bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authenticity is associated with psychological and subjective well‐being: Convergence between the self‐report and informant's report
Authors: Galinha Iolanda Costa , Balbino Isabel Faustino , Devezas Miguel Ângelo , Trigo Beatriz Regina
Published: January 2022

In a community sample of 301 participants, association analyses between authenticity and psychological and subjective well‐being show strong and moderate associations, respectively, with implications for humanistic theory and counselling. The results also show convergence between self‐reports and informants’ reports on life satisfaction and authenticity, providing novel scientific contributions.
High‐temperature corrosion behavior of Inconel 617 with Ni‐claddings in molten FLiNaK salt
Authors: Gao Lina , Han Fenfen , Chen Shuangjian , Ye Xiang‐Xi , Leng Bin
Published: January 2022

In this study, the Ni‐cladding layer was deposited on Inconel 617 substrate as a corrosion‐resistant layer by gas tungsten arc welding. The corrosion behavior of Inconel 617 alloys with and without Ni‐cladding layer, and individual Ni‐claddings was studied at 850°C in molten FLiNaK salts with a high Ni2+ concentration. After corrosion, FeNi3 layers cover the surface of all alloy specimens. Inconel 617 suffers from severe Cr depletion, whereas Ni‐claddings with low Cr content demonstrate significantly improved corrosion resistance. For Ni‐clad Inconel 617, if Ni‐claddings are broken, the coupling of Ni‐claddings and Inconel 617 can accelerate the corrosion of Inconel 617 by galvanic corrosion, inducing a mass transfer of Co from Inconel 617 to Ni‐claddings through the molten salts.
Corrosion behavior of the nickel/nickel interface during the copper‐sacrificial layer release process in micro‐electroforming
Authors: Wang Lili , Ye Minheng , Wang Yingying , Tian Dong , Ye Zuoyan , Wang Chao
Published: January 2022

This study investigates the corrosion behavior of the nickel/nickel (Ni/Ni) interface during the release of the copper‐sacrificial layer in multilayered micro‐electroforming. By altering the pre‐ and posttreatment of multilayered micro‐electroforming (degreasing, in situ anodic treatment, pickling, repassivation, and heat treatment), six different types of Ni/Ni interfaces were obtained. The activities and surface characteristics of the pretreated Ni substrates were investigated via open circuit potential and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The microstructures of the as‐prepared Ni/Ni interfaces were determined using scanning electron microscopy; after releasing the sacrificial layer in the ferric chloride solution, their corrosion morphologies and corrosion depths were observed under a three‐dimensional microscope with an ultra‐depth of field. The Ni/Ni interface showed a pre‐existing passive layer and interfacial defects. The interface was more prone to attack than the Ni base. Pitting corrosion along the interface boundary occurs via three main processes—initiation, growth, and pit coalescence—with a corresponding reduction in the interfacial adhesion strength and ultimately the structural integrity. The combination of substrate modification (degreasing and pickling) and heat posttreatment effectively avoids localized corrosion. We believe that the surface activation and thermally induced diffusion have worked.
Mental Health Coalition continues push to eradicate MH stigma
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: January 2022

Nearly two years since its launch, the Mental Health Coalition is continuing its movement to destigmatize mental health conditions and address the pervasive public health crisis. The 34‐member‐strong group includes leading mental health organizations, such as The Trevor Project, Crisis Text Line and Mental Health America, and celebrities.
Sensor‐driven autonomous underwater inspections: A receding‐horizon RRT‐based view planning solution for AUVs
Authors: Zacchini Leonardo , Franchi Matteo , Ridolfi Alessandro
Published: January 2022

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are used by the scientific community for various applications, from collecting well‐distributed high‐quality data to mapping the seafloor or exploring unknown areas. Nonpredictable environmental conditions and sensor acquisitions make the design of AUV surveys challenging even for expert operators. Multiple attempts are required, and the collected data quality is not guaranteed: The AUV passively stores the sensors' acquisitions that are then analyzed offline after its recovery. In Forward‐Looking SONAR (FLS) seabed inspections, the vehicle follows lawnmower paths designed by an expert operator that considers the sensor characteristics. The performance of FLSs is affected by several environmental conditions and possible protruding objects. This paper presents a probabilistic framework for FLS‐based seabed inspections that endow the AUV with the ability to autonomously conducting the survey and ensure adequate coverage of the target area. A three‐dimensional probabilistic occupancy mapping system for FLS reconstructions to update the covered area map was developed. The map is used by the Coverage Path Planning (CPP) algorithm to evaluate the visibility of the viewpoints that are generated as nodes of a random tree. The Next‐Best Viewpoint (NBV) is selected as the first node in the branch expected to collect more data, and the path to reach the NBV is computed using the rapidly exploring random tree (RRT*) algorithm. The sensor‐driven coverage approach is used in a receding‐horizon manner. The proposed Receding‐Horizon Coverage Approach was validated with simulations and real prerecorded data. Finally, the framework was used online during an experimental campaign where several FLS seabed inspections were performed.
Physico‐Chemical Properties, Pharmacokinetics, Molecular Docking and In‐Vitro Pharmacological Study of a Cobalt (II) Complex Based on 2‐Aminopyridine
Authors: Mhadhbi Noureddine , Issaoui Noureddine , Hamadou Walid S. , Alam Jahoor M. , Elhadi Abdelmonein S. , Adnan Mohd , Naϊli Houcine , Badraoui Riadh
Published: January 2022

The organic‐inorganic hybrid compound (2‐HAP)2[CoBr4], (2‐HAP=2‐protonated aminopyridinium cation) was characterized by various physicochemical techniques. Hirshfeld surfaces and 2D fingerprint plots reveal the intermolecular interactions accountable for the generation of the crystal packing. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) disclosed three phase transitions at T1=61.9 °C, T2=107.6 °C and T3=172 °C. The electronic parameters such as frontier molecular orbitals, HOMO‐LUMO energy and electrochemical band gaps (E’g) were computed. The redox properties of the complex were examined by cyclic voltammetry. The thermodynamic properties of the compound were computed for the range temperature of 100–1000 K. The antioxidant activities were examined using DPPH, ABTS, β‐carotene and FRAP assays. The anticancer effects were evaluated using malignant Mat−Ly−Lu and Walker 256/B cell lines. The antiviral effects of the organic part of the hybrid compound were tested using molecular docking; interestingly, the binding predicted energy was −4.0 vs −5.3 kcal/mol, for chloroquine as a reference. The drug‐likeness, pharmacokinetics, molecular binding and chemo‐preventive assays show that (2‐HAMP)2[CoBr4] has promising biological potentials.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(m‐tolyloxy‐co‐4‐pyridinoxy phosphazene)s and their Application as Proton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Yigen Burak , Kassim Ali Mariamu , Karatas Betul , Alkan Gürsel Selmiye , Karatas Yunus
Published: January 2022

A novel set of polyphosphazenes are synthesized to produce three polymers with varying side group ratios for proton exchange membranes. The designed heterosubstituted polymers here are the rare examples of polyphosphazenes of this kind to serve as proton exchange membranes with optimized structural stability and high temperature ionic conductivity. High quality polyphosphazenes with narrow polydispersity and rather low Tg values were prepared. These poly(m‐tolyloxy‐co‐4‐pyridinoxy phosphazene)s are sulfonated under a range of conditions and characterized in order to investigate the synergetic effect of the heteroatom on the proton conductivity of the proton exchange membranes. The effect of sulfonation temperature and time on the fuel cell relevant properties is also investigated. Hydrolytically stable proton exchange membranes with high thermal and chemical stabilities are achieved. Additionally, resultant membranes exhibit proton conductivity, IEC and water uptake values comparable with commercial Nafion® membranes.
Castagnoli‐Cushman Reaction of 3‐Aryl Glutaric Acids: A Convenient, Diastereoselective Reaction for 6‐Oxo‐2,4‐diarylpiperidine‐3‐carboxylic Acid Scaffold
Authors: Paramonova Polina , Bakulina Olga , Nabiyev Alem , Dar'in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: January 2022

3‐Aryl glutaric acid anhydrides have been explored as substrates for the Castagnoli‐Cushman reaction with imines. A series of 3‐aryl glutaric acids was synthesized according to literature protocols and introduced into the reaction with imines in the presence of acetic anhydride. The latter acted as a dehydrating agent leading to in situ generation of a cyclic anhydride from the dicarboxylic acid starting material. Reassuringly, the reaction gave the desired δ‐lactams with three newly created stereocenters as predominantly one diastereomer whose relative configuration was established by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
Construction and Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines under Microwave Irradiation: A Green Approach
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Zadsirjan Vahideh
Published: January 2022

Hantzsch reaction, leading to the synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridines (1,4‐DHPs) with momentous biological activities and pharmacological properties is a well‐known MCR. In recent years, microwave irradiation (MWI) has been successfully used as the unconventional and green source of energy to promote organic transformations including Hantzsch 1,4‐dihydropyridines. Literature survey disclosed that construction of 1,4‐DHPs as well as their aromatization can be successfully performed under MWI in solution as well as in dry media. In this review, we try to underscore recent advances in the synthesis and aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐DHPs under MWI as green approach.
Lethal foal syndrome affects thoroughbreds too
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: January 2022

For the first time researchers have confirmed a case of fragile foal syndrome in a non‐warmblood horse. Georgina Mills reports
Addressing contextual influences: Utilizing critical perspectives and social justice to inform leadership praxis
Authors: Navarro Christine D. , Steele Michelle Cummings
Published: January 2022

Events, movements, and tragedies at the local, national, and global levels spark conversations that influence leaders’ thinking and behavior. Understanding complexities of contextual factors as they relate to broader conversations and influence thinking and behaviors is a crucial step that can be overlooked. This article explores utilizing critical perspectives and social justice to inform leadership praxis.
Planar Si5 and Ge5 Pentagons beside Isolated Phosphide Anions in Lithium Phosphide Tetrelides Li10+xSi5P and Li10+xGe5P
Authors: Eickhoff H. , Klein W. , Toffoletti L. , Raudaschl‐Sieber G. , Fässler T. F.
Published: January 2022

Binary lithium silicides and germanides as well as ternary lithium phosphidotetrelates have been intensively investigated with regard to their suitability as anode materials for all‐solid‐state‐batteries. In this context we studied the ternary phase diagram Li/Tt/P on the phosphorus‐poor side. The phosphide tetrelides Li10.68(8)Si5P and Li10.1(2)Ge5P are ternary compounds in the respective phase systems so far uniquely featuring discrete building blocks, which were previously found exclusively in binary alkali metal tetrelides and phosphides. Li10.68(8)Si5P and Li10.1(2)Ge5P contain aromatic Tt5 pentagons with an environment of mostly ordered Li atoms and isolated P3− anions with a coordination environment of predominantly disordered Li atoms. The five‐membered ring subunits are stacked under formation of
[Li6Tt5] chains (Tt=Si, Ge). chains. The compounds crystallize in the space group Pnma (63) (Z=4) with cell parameters of a=10.2434(3) Å, b=4.2788(1) Å, c=23.9767(3) Å for Li10.68(8)Si5P and a=10.3599(11) Å, b=4.3072(2) Å, c=24.267(2) Å for Li10.1(2)Ge5P. The single crystal structure determination is supplemented by X‐ray powder diffraction experiments and 7Li, 29Si and 31P solid state MAS NMR spectroscopy. With respect to their electron count the compounds are placed between compounds comprising aromatic five‐membered rings such as the electron‐precise Zintl phase Li8MgSi6 and the non‐classical Zintl phase Li12Si7 having two extra electrons.
Changes in Typhoon Regional Heavy Precipitation Events over China from 1960 to 2018
Authors: Tian Yangmei , Mcbride John L. , Ren Fumin , Li Guoping , Feng Tian
Published: January 2022

In earlier studies, objective techniques have been used to determine the contribution of tropical cyclones to precipitation (TCP) in a region, where the Tropical cyclone Precipitation Event (TPE) and the Regional Heavy Precipitation Events (RHPEs) are defined and investigated. In this study, TPE and RHPEs are combined to determine the Typhoon Regional Heavy Precipitation Events (TRHPEs), which is employed to evaluate the contribution of tropical cyclones to regional extreme precipitation events. Based on the Objective Identification Technique for Regional Extreme Events (OITREE) and the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique (OSAT) to define TPE, temporal and spatial overlap indices are developed to identify the combined events as TRHPE. With daily precipitation data and TC best-track data over the western North Pacific from 1960 to 2018, 86 TRHPEs have been identified. TRHPEs contribute as much as 20% of the RHPEs, but 100% of events with extreme individual precipitation intensities. The major TRHPEs continued for approximately a week after tropical cyclone landfall, indicating a role of post landfall precipitation. The frequency and extreme intensity of TRHPEs display increasing trends, consistent with an observed positive trend in the mean intensity of TPEs as measured by the number of daily station precipitation observations exceeding 100 mm and 250 mm. More frequent landfalling Southeast and South China TCs induced more serious impacts in coastal areas in the Southeast and the South during 1990–2018 than 1960–89. The roles of cyclone translation speed and “shifts” in cyclone tracks are examined as possible explanations for the temporal trends.
Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for functional dyspepsia 2021
Authors: Miwa Hiroto , Nagahara Akihito , Asakawa Akihiro , Arai Makoto , Oshima Tadayuki , Kasugai Kunio , Kamada Kazuhiro , Suzuki Hidekazu , Tanaka Fumio , Tominaga Kazunari , Futagami Seiji , Hojo Mariko , Mihara Hiroshi , Higuchi Kazuhide , Kusano Motoyasu , Arisawa Tomiyasu , Kato Mototsugu , Joh Takashi , Mochida Satoshi , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Shimosegawa Tooru , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: January 2022

Background

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a disorder that presents with chronic dyspepsia, which is not only very common but also highly affects quality of life of the patients. In Japan, FD became a disease name for national insurance in 2013, and has been gradually recognized, though still not satisfactory. Following the revision policy of Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE), the first version of FD guideline was revised this time.

Method

Like previously, the guideline was created by the GRADE (grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation) system, but this time, the questions were classified to background questions (BQs, 24 already clarified issues), future research questions (FRQs, 9 issues cannot be addressed with insufficient evidence), and 7 clinical questions that are mainly associated with treatment.

Results and Conclusion

These revised guidelines have two major features. The first is the new position of endoscopy in the flow of FD diagnosis. While endoscopy was required to all cases for diagnosis of FD, the revised guidelines specify the necessity of endoscopy only in cases where organic disease is suspected. The second feature is that the drug treatment options have been changed to reflect the latest evidence. The first-line treatment includes gastric acid-secretion inhibitors, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (acotiamide, a prokinetic agent), and Japanese herbal medicine (rikkunshito). The second-line treatment includes anxiolytics /antidepressant, prokinetics other than acotiamide (dopamine receptor antagonists, 5-HT4 receptor agonists), and Japanese herbal medicines other than rikkunshito. The patients not responding to these treatment regimens are regarded as refractory FD.
Host plant identity and condition shape phytophagous insect communities on urban maple (Acer spp.) trees
Authors: Korányi Dávid , Markó Viktor
Published: January 2022

By mitigating the negative effects of urbanization, urban trees contribute significantly to the well-being of urban citizens. However, trees themselves are also exposed to urban stress that can influence tree condition and tree-herbivore interactions. Maple species (Acerspp.) are among the most commonly planted trees in urban areas throughout North America and Europe. Among these species, field, sycamore, and Norway maple are native to Europe, but tolerate environmental stress to varying degrees. Here, we compared the phytophagous insect communities in the canopy of these tree species in the city of Budapest, Hungary. We also examined the stress level [expressed as peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity], and physiological condition (expressed as degree of leaf necrosis and leaf fall) of the maple trees, and their relationship to herbivore abundance. We observed higher total abundance of phytophagous insects on field and sycamore maple compared to Norway maple. Most herbivorous species were associated with field maple, sycamore had the highest aphid densities, and Norway maple harbored the least specific phytophagous insect community. Field maple trees were in the best condition while Norway maple trees in the worst condition, i.e., with the highest proportion of necrotic leaf surface area. The super-abundant planthopper species,Metcalfa pruinosapositively affected the POD activity of trees, but did not influence their condition. On the contrary,M. pruinosaabundance was driven by tree condition, with higher numbers on healthier trees. Our findings suggest that the abundance of phytophagous insects in the canopy of maple trees is highly determined by tree condition, and in this study field maple had the highest and Norway maple the lowest tolerance for urban stress.
Palliative Care in Paediatric Oncology: an Update
Authors: Salins Naveen , Hughes Sean , Preston Nancy
Published: January 2022

Purpose of this Review

The purpose of this review is to describe the evolution of palliative care in paediatric oncology, the needs of children and their families in a paediatric oncology setting, palliative care referral practices in paediatric oncology, outcomes of palliative care referral in paediatric oncology and models of palliative care in paediatric oncology.

Recent Findings

Cancer constitutes 5.2% of the palliative care needs in children. Approximately, 90% of children with cancer lives in low and middle-income countries, constituting 84% of the global burden of childhood cancers. Children in low and middle-income countries have low cure rates and high death rates making palliative care relevant in a paediatric oncology setting. Children with cancer experience pain and physical symptoms, low mood, anxiety, and fear. They feel less resilient, experience low self-worth, and have challenges coping with the illness. The families lead very stressful lives, navigating the hospital environment, and dealing with uncertainties of the future. Palliative care referral in children with cancer improves physical symptoms, emotional support, and quality of life. It enables communication between families and health care providers. It improves end-of-life care support to children and their families and facilitates less invasive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions at the end of life. Worldwide children with cancer are infrequently referred to palliative care and referred late in the illness trajectory. Most of the children referred to palliative care receive some form of cancer-directed therapy in their last days. Children in low and low-middle income countries are less likely to access palliative care due to a lack of awareness amongst paediatric oncologists about palliative care and the reduced number of services providing palliative care. A three-tier model is proposed to provide palliative care in paediatric oncology, where most children with palliative care needs are managed by paediatric oncologists and a smaller number with complex physical and psychosocial needs are managed by paediatric palliative care specialists. There are several palliative care models in paediatric oncology practised globally. However, no one model was considered better or superior, and the choice of model depended on the need, preferences identified, and available resources.

Children with cancer are sparingly referred to palliative care and referred late and oncologists and haematologists gatekeep the referral process. Knowledge on palliative care referral in paediatric oncology settings might enhance collaboration between paediatric oncology and paediatric palliative care.
Ervaringsleren in verpleeghuiszorgorganisaties
Authors: van Scheppingen Arjella R. , Visser Johan J. , den Bode Paulien , van de Camp Betsy
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Verpleeghuiszorgorganisaties ontwikkelen in toenemende mate naar meer persoonsgerichte zorg. Van zorgprofessionals wordt daarom ‘individuele professionaliteit’ verwacht: zelfleiderschap voor het bieden van zorg die op dat moment voor die persoon nodig is, en dat in open samenwerking met anderen. Veranderingen die diep ingrijpen op intermenselijk niveau vereisen diepgaande leerprocessen. Ervaringsleren lijkt hierin veelbelovend, maar er is vooralsnog weinig kennis over de effecten ervan in de praktijk. Ook ontbreekt het aan routines om deze vorm van leren te verankeren in de verpleeghuiszorgorganisaties. Dit onderzoek laat de bevindingen zien van een ervaringsgerichte benaderingswijze, ‘de ParticipatieKliniek’ (PK), in 21 verpleeghuiszorgorganisaties. De kern van de aanpak is een 24-uurs-event waarin zorgprofessionals een rolwisseling als cliënt ervaren. In vijf van deze organisaties vond aansluitend een organisatiespecifiek vervolg plaats (PK-in-Huis). Voor een gemotiveerde groep zorgprofessionals draagt deze ervaringsgerichte benaderingswijze bij aan persoonsgerichtere manieren van (samen)werken. Een organisatiespecifiek vervolg zet aan tot ‘dieper’ leren en stimuleert veranderingen in de organisatie waar de betrokkenen samen de schouders onder zetten. Voor het bevorderen van zelfbeschikking onder zorgprofessionals en sociaal organisatiekapitaal zijn ervaringsgerichte events alleen niet voldoende. Daarvoor is een gezamenlijk leerproces relevanter, met actieve betrokkenheid van de diverse belanghebbenden, aansluiting tussen verschillende initiatieven en perspectieven, en een gezamenlijke betekenisgeving aan ervaringsleren.
De haalbaarheid van een stepped care-interventie ter vermindering van de kwetsbaarheid van chronisch zieke werknemers
Authors: Drost Ruben M. W. A. , Paulus Aggie T. G. , Evers Silvia M. A. A. , de Rijk Angelique E.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Inleiding

Om de kwetsbaarheid van werknemers met chronische aandoeningen te verkleinen is een stepped care-interventie ontwikkeld, bestaande uit vier onderdelen: een e‑health Werkscan met gepersonaliseerde feedback, met optioneel de keus om gebruik te maken van een informatieve online gids, een helpdesk en een Werkscan-gesprek met een arbeidsdeskundige. Doel van dit onderzoek was om belemmerende factoren voor deelname aan te wijzen en tevredenheid over deze interventie te evalueren.

Methoden

De data werden verzameld door een Werkscan-gesprek af te nemen, naast aanvullende online vragenlijsten aan de start van het onderzoek en drie maanden erna. De deelnemers voldeden aan de volgende inclusiecriteria: tussen de 18 en 65 jaar oud, werkend (betaald werk en/of vrijwilligerswerk) en behorend tot de doelgroep mensen met chronische nieraandoeningen, sarcoïdose, neurofibromatose, chronische hoofdpijn, hiv en/of taaislijmziekte.

Resultaten

De deelnemers (n = 84) hebben zeer beperkt gebruikgemaakt van de gids, helpdesk en het gesprek met een arbeidsdeskundige. De deelnemers die dit gesprek wel hadden beoordeelden het met een gemiddeld rapportcijfer van 8,6.

Conclusie

Om interventies voor kwetsbare werknemers te laten slagen moeten ze gefinancierd worden aangeboden, op maat worden gemaakt (tailored) en gericht (targeted) onder de aandacht worden gebracht.
Meer bewegen: doorverwijzing naar beweegactiviteiten door eerstelijnszorgverleners
Authors: Schurink-van ’t Klooster Tessa M. , Loyen Anne , Proper Karin I.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Het belang van preventie in de zorg wordt steeds meer erkend. Het bevorderen van een gezonde leefstijl, waaronder meer bewegen, vormt hiervan een belangrijk onderdeel. Met dit onderzoek is inzicht verkregen in het doorverwijzen van eerstelijnszorgverleners naar beweegactiviteiten en de redenen voor het (niet) doorverwijzen van patiënten/cliënten naar beweegactiviteiten. In interviews zijn huisartsen, praktijkondersteuners, jeugdartsen en jeugdverpleegkundigen gevraagd naar redenen voor het wel/niet doorverwijzen naar beweegactiviteiten en de benodigdheden om (vaker) te verwijzen. Een online enquête onder dezelfde doelgroepen was opgezet om deze informatie te kwantificeren. Deelname aan de interviews (n = 25) en enquête (n = 100) was laag. De jeugdgezondheidszorg adviseert vaak om meer te bewegen, vooral bij kinderen met overgewicht. Huisartsen doen dat, in lijn met de kerntaken, in mindere mate en dan vooral wanneer het de klacht kan verhelpen waarvoor ze geconsulteerd worden. Eerstelijnszorgverleners verwijzen dus voornamelijk mensen met gezondheidsproblemen door en er is minder aandacht voor bewegen ten behoeve van primaire preventie. De belangrijkste redenen waarom eerstelijnszorgverleners niet doorverwijzen hangen samen met een beperkte motivatie, de financiële situatie van patiënten en gebrek aan tijd tijdens het consult. Om vaker door te verwijzen hebben zorgverleners behoefte aan een passend en betaalbaar beweegaanbod voor alle doelgroepen.
Een sociologische reflectie op het veldexperiment Food in Motion
Authors: Wertheim-Heck Sigrid C. O.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Onderzoekers van de Universiteit Utrecht hebben een interessant veldexperiment uitgevoerd: het aanbieden van een gezonde snack op station Utrecht Centraal. Hoewel de reizigers aangaven een groter aanbod van gezonde snacks te appreciëren, vielen de verkopen tegen. Hoe kan dit worden verklaard? Dit artikel biedt een reflectie vanuit de theorie van sociale praktijken. Belangrijke aandachtspunten hierin zijn routinematigheid en gewoonte. Aan de hand van de variabelen locatie, verkooppunt, assortiment en product, wordt ingezoomd op de praktijk – wat zijn de kenmerkende elementen van snacken op het station – en uitgezoomd – hoe is de praktijk van snacken op het station verbonden met andere (dagelijkse) activiteiten van de reizigers? De reflectie demonstreert hoe het experiment, gebaseerd op een causaliteit tussen aanbod en vraag, voor de reizigers een complexe verandering in hun gedragspatronen betrof, met meerdere breuken in bestaande routines: een nieuw product, via een nieuw verkooppunt, op een nieuwe plek en daarmee op een ander moment tijdens het treinreizen. Wanneer voedselconsumptie wordt geïsoleerd van het scala aan vaak (gecombineerde) gedragspatronen waarvan het onderdeel uitmaakt, dan bestaat het risico dat niet alle relevante aspecten worden meegenomen in het ontwerp van een interventie.
Problematisch alcoholgebruik, een zorg voor de sociaal werker?
Authors: Bolier Linda , Bransen Els
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Veel sociaal werkers bespreken signalen van problematisch alcoholgebruik met hun cliënten, voelen zich daarin deskundig en werken samen met de verslavingszorg, zo laat een onlangs door ons uitgevoerde inventarisatie zien. Maar dat is misschien een iets te rooskleurig beeld, menen drie betrokken professionals die we lieten reageren op de resultaten. Er zijn al veel stappen gezet, maar er blijkt ook nog veel te winnen: richting structurele samenwerking tussen sociaal werk en verslavingszorg, en een langere beleidscyclus in het gezondheids- en welzijnsveld, zodat kennis, expertise en relaties op het gebied van problematisch alcoholgebruik behouden blijven.
Hordelopen – praktische uitdagingen van leefstijlprogramma’s in het onderwijs
Authors: Cluitmans Daniëlle , Nelissen Bert , Linssen Roy , Huijts Tim , Levels Mark
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Ondanks groeiende aandacht voor de effectiviteit van leefstijlinterventies op scholen weten we nog maar weinig over de voorwaarden voor hun effectiviteit. In deze bijdrage zoeken we op basis van voorbeelden uit onze eigen praktijk naar mogelijke verklaringen voor het slagen of falen van leefstijlinterventies bij schoolgaande kinderen. Hierbij gaat het bijvoorbeeld om impulsbeheersing bij kinderen, betrokkenheid van de ouders, en de beschikbaarheid van ongezond voedsel in de directe omgeving van scholen. We betogen dat de soms beperkte effectiviteit samenhangt met eigenschappen van kinderen, ouders, scholen en de maatschappelijke context, en vooral van de complexe interactie tussen deze eigenschappen.
Regionale en landelijke innovaties
Authors: Jansen Maria , Leurs Mariken
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

De school wordt door veel organisaties beschouwd als een goede ingang om de gezondheid van de jeugd te bevorderen. Scholen hebben echter primair een onderwijstaak. Om gezondheidsbevordering toch in scholen te integreren, zijn sinds het begin van deze eeuw tal van initiatieven ontwikkeld, zowel regionaal als landelijk. Regionale innovaties met een stevig draagvlak kunnen verdergaande veranderingen doorvoeren met een grotere impact op de gezondheid van de jeugd. Landelijk beleid kan dergelijke veranderingen niet afdwingen en is genoodzaakt tot compromissen. Van belang is dat landelijke en regionale partijen elkaar blijven inspireren.
De GGD als spil in de Gezonde School-aanpak
Authors: Neppelenbroek Sabine , Ekkelboom John , de Meij Judith , Schonenberger Michaela
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Scholen die de Gezonde School-aanpak willen omarmen, kunnen een beroep doen op hun lokale Gezonde School-adviseur van de GGD. Deze adviseur geeft niet alleen adviezen voor en ondersteuning bij de transformatie tot een Gezonde School, maar brengt als spin in het web ook alle gewenste partners bijeen om gezamenlijk dat doel te bereiken. Alleen een integrale en structurele aanpak kan de Gezonde School op een school definitief waarborgen. Het thema Welbevinden komt daarbij steeds meer centraal te staan.
Een carrière als sociaal geneeskundige: een optie voor de huidige geneeskundestudent?
Authors: Soethout Marc B. M. , van der Beek Allard J.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Met een retrospectief, beschrijvend onderzoek wilden we inzicht verkrijgen in de belangstelling voor en de bekendheid met de beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts onder geneeskundestudenten. Tevens wilden we weten welk beeld van deze beroepen bestaat, en in hoeverre dat beeld overeenkomt met het gewenste beroepsbeeld van aanstaand arts. Alle studenten geneeskunde van Amsterdam UMC, locatie VUmc, werden in 2009 en 2019 op de laatste dag van het coschap sociale geneeskunde gevraagd een identieke vragenlijst in te vullen over hun voorkeur voor de beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts. Tevens werd gevraagd naar de mate van aantrekkelijkheid van diverse kenmerken van het toekomstige beroep van arts en in hoeverre deze kenmerken van toepassing zijn op de beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts. In 2019 werden 145 studenten bereid gevonden deel te nemen aan dit onderzoek (2009: 125 studenten). De beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts zijn niet erg populair onder studenten geneeskunde. De belangstelling voor de beroepen van bedrijfsarts en verzekeringsarts lijkt de laatste tien jaar licht toegenomen, maar die voor jeugdarts lijkt wat achter te blijven. Studenten hebben ook weinig kennis van de inhoud van deze beroepen. De meeste kenmerken die studenten aantrekkelijk vinden voor hun latere beroepsoefening zijn niet van toepassing op de beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts. Een betere beeldvorming van de beroepen van bedrijfsarts, verzekeringsarts en jeugdarts in de geneeskundeopleiding is wenselijk, naast een aantrekkelijker beroepsbeeld van deze beroepen om voldoende instroom in het werkveld van de sociale geneeskunde in de nabije toekomst te waarborgen.
Trends in roken in Amsterdam tussen 1994 en 2016
Authors: Dijkshoorn Henriëtte , Uitenbroek Daan G.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Vanaf 1990 voerde de overheid diverse maatregelen in om roken tegen te gaan. We gaan na of dit in Amsterdam samengaat met een daling van het percentage rokers, dagelijkse rokers en zware rokers onder 19- tot en met 74-jarige Amsterdammers op basis van gegevens uit de vierjaarlijkse GGD-Gezondheidsmonitor. Tussen 1994 en 2016 daalde het percentage rokers in Amsterdam van 43% naar 27% en landelijk van 38% naar 24%. In heel Nederland daalde het cijfer de gehele periode; in Amsterdam stagneerde de afname in 2008, vooral onder 19- tot en met 34-jarigen. Onder Amsterdamse vrouwen daalde het percentage dagelijkse rokers sterker dan het percentage rokers. Dagelijks roken nam onder vrouwen ook na 2008 af, maar niet onder mannen. Wel daalde vanaf 1994 onder zowel mannen als vrouwen het percentage zware rokers (≥ 20 sigaretten/dag). Kortom, de ingezette daling van roken vanaf de jaren negentig stagneerde in Amsterdam in 2008, vooral onder jongvolwassenen, terwijl deze daling elders in Nederland continueerde. Wel is in Amsterdam het aandeel zware rokers ook na 2008 afgenomen. Extra beleidsinspanningen zijn nodig om het streefpercentage van 5% rokers in 2040 in Amsterdam te bereiken, vooral gericht op de jongvolwassenen.
Voel je goed!
Authors: Daalder Nathalie Rachel , Martens Marloes , Wiebing Marieke
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Voel je goed! is een interventie die overgewicht en ervaren ongezondheid aanpakt via het verbeteren van beperkte gezondheidsvaardigheden bij lager opgeleide volwassenen die laaggeletterd zijn. De interventie bestaat uit een combinatie van individuele begeleiding door een diëtist en twintig wekelijkse groepslessen gezondheidsvaardigheden door een getrainde vrijwilliger. Van 2016 tot en met 2019 heeft er een pilotproject plaatsgevonden in zes verschillende gemeenten. Parallel aan de pilot is er een effectonderzoek uitgevoerd. Doel was om inzicht te krijgen in het effect van Voel je goed! op verschillende uitkomstmaten, zoals gewicht, ervaren gezondheid, (determinanten van) voedings- en beweeggedrag, en ervaren taal- en gezondheidsvaardigheden. In totaal is er bij 85 deelnemers zowel een voor- als nameting afgenomen. Na deelname aan Voel je goed! zijn de deelnemers gemiddeld 2,8 kg afgevallen. De BMI is gemiddeld met 1,1 kg/m2 afgenomen en de tailleomvang met 3,6 cm. Deelnemers die sterker gemotiveerd waren, zijn meer afgevallen. Verder ervaren de deelnemers een betere gezondheid en een toename van de gezondheidsvaardigheden na deelname aan Voel je goed! Deze resultaten geven een positieve eerste indruk van Voel je goed! en de interventie lijkt de potentie te hebben om lager opgeleide volwassenen die laaggeletterd zijn te helpen om aan een gezonder gewicht te werken.
Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase-2 in Uterine Leiomyoma: Dysregulation by MED12 Mutation Status
Authors: Hutchinson Anne P. , Yin Ping , Neale Ilona , Coon John S. , Kujawa Stacy A. , Liu Shimeng , Bulun Serdar E.
Published: January 2022

Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are common benign tumors in women. The tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway plays important roles in tumorigenesis in general. Leiomyomas expressing mutated mediator complex subunit 12 (mut-MED12) were reported to contain significantly decreased tryptophan levels; the underlying mechanism and the role of the tryptophan metabolism-kynurenine pathway in leiomyoma tumorigenesis, however, remain unknown. We here assessed the expression and regulation of the key enzymes that metabolize tryptophan. Among these, the tissue mRNA levels of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), the rate limiting enzyme of tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway, was 36-fold higher in mut-MED12 compared to adjacent myometrium (P < 0.0001), and 14-fold higher compared to wild type (wt)-MED12 leiomyoma (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of other tryptophan metabolizing enzymes, IDO1 and IDO2, were low and not significantly different, suggesting that TDO2 is the key enzyme responsible for reduced tryptophan levels in mut-MED12 leiomyoma. R5020 and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), two progesterone agonists, regulated TDO2 gene expression in primary myometrial and leiomyoma cells expressing wt-MED12; however, this effect was absent or blunted in leiomyoma cells expressing G44D mut-MED12. These data suggest that MED12 mutation may alter progesterone-mediated TDO2 expression in leiomyoma, leading to lower levels of tryptophan in mut-MED12 leiomyoma. This highlights that fibroids can vary widely in their response to progesterone as a result of mutation status and provides some insight for understanding the effect of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway on leiomyoma tumorigenesis and identifying targeted interventions for fibroids based on their distinct molecular signatures.
Wall-resolved and wall-modelled large-eddy simulation of plane Couette flow
Authors: Cheng W. , Pullin D.I. , Samtaney R.
Published: January 2022

We describe wall-resolved and wall-modelled large-eddy simulation (LES) of plane Couette (PC) flow. Subgrid-scale (SGS) motion is represented using the stretched-spiral vortex SGS model and the virtual wall model is employed for wall-modelled LES. Cases studied include direct numerical simulation (DNS) at friction Reynolds numbers

$Re_\tau = 220$

, wall-resolved LES at

$Re_\tau \sim 500\text {--}3600$

and wall-modelled LES at

$Re_\tau \sim 3600\text {--}2.8\times 10^{5}$

. All LES performed show the presence of approximately spanwise periodic sets of streamwise rolls. Averaged (including spanwise) wall-normal profiles of the mean streamwise velocity show a consistent log region across all Reynolds numbers. Two distinct measures of turbulent intensity are explored, one of which recognizes the roll structure and one that does not. The spanwise variation of turbulence flow metrics is investigated. Mean streamwise velocity profiles show substantial spanwise variation but collapse well when normalized by local skin-friction velocities. Similar collapse is found for streamwise turbulent intensities. For all present LES, the mean skin-friction variation with the plate Reynolds number is found to match a simple analytical form (Pirozzoli et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 758, 2014, pp. 327–343) while the scaled centre-plane, mean-velocity gradient exhibits an inverse ProductLog dependence. Both the mean-flow roll energy and circulation, scaled with outer variables, decrease monotonically for

$Re_\tau \gtrsim 500$

. At lower

$Re_\tau$

, the mean streamwise zero-velocity line follows a wavy form in the spanwise direction, while at our larger

$Re_\tau$

, a mushroom shape emerges which could potentially enhance local momentum transport in the spanwise direction and be responsible for the weakening of the spanwise rolls.
A Tribute to Bert Peeters (1960–2021)
Authors: Sadow Lauren , Mullan Kerry
Published: January 2022

Bert Peeters was an exceptional scholar and colleague who left us prematurely on 22 February 2021 following a battle with brain cancer. Bert’s life and his work were infused with a passion for French linguistics, semantics, culture, applied ethnolinguistics and language pedagogy. He will be long remembered for his ability to combine these fields and for bringing Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) research to European scholars.
Radical Evil, Social Contracts and the Idea of the Church in Kant
Authors: Mariña Jacqueline
Published: January 2022

In this article I argue that Kant’s understanding of the universality of radical evil is best understood in the context of human sociality. Because we are inherently social beings, the nature of the human community we find ourselves in has a determinative influence on the sorts of persons we are, and the kinds of choices we can make. We always begin in evil. This does not vitiate responsibility, since through reflection we can become aware of our situation and envision ourselves as members of a different community, one with different expectations, making genuine virtue possible. This understanding of radical evil helps to make sense of Kant’s high regard for the church in Religion.
Unraveling the Components Within Apollo 16 Ferroan Anorthosite Suite Cataclastic Anorthosite Sample 60025: Implications for the Lunar Magma Ocean Model
Authors: Torcivia M. A. , Neal C. R.
Published: January 2022

The ferroan anorthosite suite (FAS) represents the only direct sampling of the lunar magma ocean (LMO) and potentially contains information on the earliest history of the Moon. Apollo 16 FAS sample 60025 is extremely important for understanding early lunar evolution, but unraveling this information is complicated. For example, 60025 has two distinct Sm‐Nd crystallization ages that in themselves encapsulate the complicated history of this sample, along with the cataclastic and heterogeneous textures exhibited. Here, we present new in situ major and trace element plagioclase and pyroxene data gathered from five thin sections of 60025 that highlight such complexities. Trace element data are used to derive equilibrium liquids and while many of the minerals analyzed here are consistent with derivation from the LMO, there are also a significant number of plagioclase and pyroxene crystals that crystallized from magmas inconsistent with current models of LMO evolution. Integration of Sm‐Nd isotopic data with the elemental data reported here indicate a nonchondritic LMO is possible and we confirm that 60025 is a polymict lunar breccia containing differently sourced material.
Light People: Elizabeth Rogan
Authors: Wang Hui , Yu Cun
Published: January 2022

Editorial

Throughout history, there have been many outstanding women whose achievements continue to impress and amaze us today. For example, in the field of science, Madame Marie Curie was the first woman Nobel Prize winner and the only person to be awarded a Nobel Prize in two scientific fields. From China, Tu Youyou is a Nobel laureate who discovered artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin, used to treat malaria, a breakthrough in twentieth-century tropical medicine, saving millions of lives around the globe. Businesswomen such as Angela Ahrendts, a former fashion executive who helped revitalize Apple, Inc., and Sheryl Sandberg, Chief Operating Officer of Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook), are recognized as two of the world’s most influential business leaders.

Now, more than ever, women are at the forefront of developments in optics and photonics research and business. One of those leaders is Elizabeth Rogan, CEO of Optica (formerly the Optical Society and the Optical Society of America.) As the executive in charge of an organization devoted to promoting the generation, application, archiving, and dissemination of knowledge in optics and photonics worldwide, Ms. Rogan has successfully expanded the depth and breadth of Optica’s technical and global reach. Her education and expertise are in industry, finance, and strategy. She utilizes these skills in partnership with a large and technically diverse group of Ph.D. volunteers and staff specialists. Combining the efforts of these many talented people with a unity of purpose has proven to be a highly effective approach for Rogan and the association she has led for nearly two decades.

Ms. Rogan is a strong advocate for women. For instance, the association’s “Faces of Optica” campaign features a wide range of accomplished women in research and applications. And she was an enthusiastic participant in the “Rose in Science,” which celebrates the extraordinary accomplishments of women scientists.

Light Special Correspondents interviewed Elizabeth Rogan about Optica’s legacy, culture, and personal experiences as its CEO in this issue. She also discussed the reasons behind the recent rebranding of the organization and the bonds of friendship the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Optica have built over the years.

Please join us for an in-depth look at why this century-plus-year-old organization has a fresh new vision for the future.
Mining imaging and clinical data with machine learning approaches for the diagnosis and early detection of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhang Jing
Published: January 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common, progressive, and currently incurable neurodegenerative movement disorder. The diagnosis of PD is challenging, especially in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism and in early PD detection. Due to the advantages of machine learning such as learning complex data patterns and making inferences for individuals, machine-learning techniques have been increasingly applied to the diagnosis of PD, and have shown some promising results. Machine-learning-based imaging applications have made it possible to help differentiate parkinsonism and detect PD at early stages automatically in a number of neuroimaging studies. Comparative studies have shown that machine-learning-based SPECT image analysis applications in PD have outperformed conventional semi-quantitative analysis in detecting PD-associated dopaminergic degeneration, performed comparably well as experts’ visual inspection, and helped improve PD diagnostic accuracy of radiologists. Using combined multi-modal (imaging and clinical) data in these applications may further enhance PD diagnosis and early detection. To integrate machine-learning-based diagnostic applications into clinical systems, further validation and optimization of these applications are needed to make them accurate and reliable. It is anticipated that machine-learning techniques will further help improve differential diagnosis of parkinsonism and early detection of PD, which may reduce the error rate of PD diagnosis and help detect PD at pre-motor stage to make it possible for early treatments (e.g., neuroprotective treatment) to slow down PD progression, prevent severe motor symptoms from emerging, and relieve patients from suffering.
ROSIE, a database of reptilian offspring sex ratios and sex-determining mechanisms, beginning with Testudines
Authors: Krueger Caleb J. , Janzen Fredric J.
Published: January 2022

In contrast to genotypic sex determination (GSD), temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in amniotic vertebrates eludes intuitive connections to Fisherian sex-ratio theory. Attempts to draw such connections have driven over 50 years of research on the evolution of sex-determining mechanisms (SDM), perhaps most prominently among species in the order Testudines. Despite regular advancements in our understanding of this topic, no efforts have been published compiling the entirety of data on the relationships between incubation temperature and offspring sex in any taxonomic group. Here, we present the Reptilian Offspring Sex and Incubation Environment (ROSIE) database, a comprehensive set of over 7,000 individual measurements of offspring sex ratios in the order Testudines as well as SDM classifications for 149 species. As the name suggests, we plan to expand the taxonomic coverage of ROSIE to include all non-avian reptiles and will regularly release updates to maintain its comprehensive nature. This resource will enable crucial future research probing the ecology and evolution of SDM, including the presumed sensitivity of TSD to rapid environmental change.