bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estado del Arte de la Aplicación de las Normas GTC-ISO 26000, GTC-ISO 18091 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en los Gobiernos Locales
Authors: Romero Pulido Jhoan Sebastián , Dworaczek Conde Helga Ofelia , Camacho Camacho Hernando , Aguilar Zacarías Ma. Lucila
Published: February 2023

Entidades a nivel mundial se han visto inmersas en factores negativos en sus operativas económicas, administrativas, de producción y financieras por la deficiente ejecución de sus tareas, procedimientos y controles a cada uno de estos, conllevando a buscar alternativas que mitiguen el impacto a corto, mediano y largo plazo que satisfagan las exigencias del mercado actual sin exponer las competencias de las futuras generaciones, garantizando una ventaja competitiva en pro del logro estratégico propuesto en la Agenda 2030 por la Asamblea General de la ONU (ONU, 2021).

El presente artículo de investigación presenta como objeto, el diseño del estado del arte de la aplicabilidad de las normas ISO 26000, GTC-ISO 18091 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) a nivel nacional e internacional, que permitirá determinar las características estructurales, su uso, diferencias, similitudes y sus principales ventajas que los gobiernos locales pueden permitirse generar frente a una eficiente implementación, abordando las problemáticas principales y potenciales, a tal fin, de mejorar el negocio en sus diversas categorías.

Para la ejecución documental del estado del arte, se utilizó una metodología cualitativa documental de carácter descriptiva orientado a la búsqueda, compilación, observación, crítica e interpretación de fuentes primarias y secundarias, que parten de una revisión de literatura relacionada con la aplicación de las normas ISO 26000, ISO 18091 en los gobiernos locales y que de manera semejante se realizó la exploración de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible abordando aspectos económicos, ambientales y sociales.

Los resultados del análisis de la información reflejaron que las normas ISO permiten que los gobiernos locales funcionen de manera óptima, asegurando productos y/o servicios con los más altos modelos de calidad, satisfaciendo las necesidades y expectativas demandados por los consumidores y/o clientes finales, que ayudaran al cumplimiento de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS).
Assessing Self-Reported Readiness of Medical Students transitioning to Clinical Clerkship at the University of Ottawa
Authors: Mistry Neel , De Laplante Stefan , Murray Campbell Craig
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The transition from pre-clerkship to clinical clerkship is a pivotal moment for medical students. Curricular improvements can be made to better prepare students for clerkship. We collected student feedback to generate recommendations for improvement with regard to clerkship preparedness at the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine.

Methods: We created a pre- and post-clerkship transition survey for medical students at the University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine. The groups assessed were from different cohorts. Likert-type and open ended questions were used. The survey was open from October 10 to October 31, 2020. Microsoft Excel 2016 was used for data analysis.

Results:  We obtained 176 respondents (37% response rate), of which 158 provided consent and completed the survey. Students in the post-transition group were less anxious about the transition to clerkship, compared to their pre-transition colleagues, with the most significant difference being completing a thorough history and physical examination (2.9/5.0 vs. 3.3/5.0, p<0.05). The two main stressors for incoming clerks were inadequate clinical skills training in pre-clerkship and lack of clarity around clerkship roles, responsibilities, and expectations.

Conclusion: Improvements can be made in pre-clerkship through the integration of small-group orientation sessions, formative OSCEs, accelerated review of pre-clerkship material, and clerkship simulation sessions to facilitate a seamless transition to clerkship at the University of Ottawa.
Prospective study of platelet count as a prognostic marker in predicting feto-maternal outcome in gestational hypertension
Authors: Saisree M. Jyothsna , Alluri Shreya , Kameswaramma K.
Published: February 2023

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the leading causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) affects approximately 5-7% of all pregnancies. The reported incidence of HDP in India ranges from 5% to 15%. These disorders form a deadly triad-in conjunction with hemorrhage and infection, in significantly contributing to maternal morbidity and mortality. Objectives were to determine the correlation between the severity of HDP and low platelet count; to analyze maternal and fetal outcomes in relation to thrombocytopenia; to aid in early diagnosis and management and to prevent complications and thereby improving maternal and fetal outcomes.
Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted in women with a provisional diagnosis of gestational hypertension over a period of 18 months. The study group comprised of pregnant women who were more than 20 weeks and were subjected to detailed history: pre-obstetric history, family history, general physical examination, abdominal examination, routine laboratory investigations, and ultrasonography and Doppler.
Results: In the study, platelet count at ≤275000 cut-offs had the highest sensitivity of 52.11%, specificity of 82.76%, PPV of 88.1%, and NPV of 41.4% in predicting feto maternal complications. Platelet count at ≤275000 cut-offs had the highest sensitivity of 62.86%, specificity of 69.23%, PPV of 52.4%, and NPV of 77.6% in predicting preeclampsia.
Conclusions: From the study, it was concluded that in gestational hypertension the estimation of platelet count is thus a reliable method for early detection and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Platelet count was significantly decreased in subjects with maternal complications, fetal complications, and with respect to the severity of preeclampsia. Platelet count however had moderate validity in predicting fetomaternal complications.
A study of fetomaternal outcome in elderly primigravida
Authors: Bhankhar Ronak R. , Chavda Anjali R. , Patel Hemali N.
Published: February 2023

Background: Elderly primigravida is defined as all women going through their first pregnancy over the age of ≥35 years. They are considered to be categorized as high-risk pregnancy. Advanced contraception methods and artificial reproductive technology have played key role in delaying the pregnancy.
Methods: A retrospective study of fetomaternal outcome in elderly primigravida was conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology, GMERS medical college, Junagadh from 1st September 2021 to 1st August 2022. All the patient data was obtained from their case records and indoor files and were followed up till delivery for fetal outcome.
Results: There were 54 elderly primigravida patients in our study with an incidence of 1.05% based on the inclusion criteria with 96.3% between the age 35-40 years. Most common reason for delayed child bearing was pursuing higher education and work preferences. Gestational hypertension was most common maternal complication (48%), associated with preeclampsia in 28%. Among fetal complications 46% had low birth weight, 38.5% had IUGR. 54% patients had delivered by LSCS.
Conclusions: Although elderly primigravida is considered a high-risk pregnancy with increased maternal and fetal complications, proper antenatal care, early recognition of maternal risk factors with timely intervention pregnancy outcome can be improved.
The effect of comorbidities of preeclampsia and eclampsia on maternal and fetal outcome
Authors: M. C. Abinaya , Taye Milon K. , Saikia Nabajyoti , Teron Long , Kalita Pulak
Published: February 2023

Background: The aim of this study is to comparatively assess the maternal and fetal outcome in preeclampsia and eclampsia patients with and without comorbidities. The objectives are to assess the comorbidities associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia cases and to find out the effects of the comorbidities of preeclampsia and eclampsia on maternal and fetal outcome.
Methods:380 patients who had attended antenatal OPD and emergency labour room of Assam medical college and hospital, Dibrugarh during June 2020 to July 2021 with preeclampsia and eclampsia were selected for present study. Based on relevant history, clinical and laboratory findings, these patients were further evaluated for associated comorbidities. The cases were distributed in the respective comorbidity group. Then the outcome of the mother and the baby were analyzed till the day of discharge in patients without comorbidities and with comorbidities and the same was compared.
Results: The eventful maternal (44.1%) and fetal (50.92%) outcome was more in preeclampsia and eclampsia patients with comorbidities than in patients without comorbidities which is statistically significant, (p value=0.029), (p value=0.009) respectively.
Conclusions: The effect of preeclampsia and eclampsia itself would adversely affect the pregnancy outcome and the effect is worse when associated with comorbidities. Appropriate prenatal counselling and optimization of the comorbidities is critical for women who are planning pregnancy.
Non-obstructive cecal perforation in post-partum period: a rare case report
Authors: Mathuriya Sanjay , Mukherjee Shubhra , Jaiswal Sarika
Published: February 2023

A primi-para patient presented in emergency, ten days after normal vaginal delivery, with acute abdominal pain, low grade fever and constipation. Clinical examination revealed poor general condition, signs of dehydration, tachycardia, hypotension, guarding and rigidity all over the abdomen. Investigations were suggestive of perforation and peritonitis. Contrast enhanced CT confirmed the presence of around 800 ml of free fluid. After initial resuscitative measures, patient is taken up for laparotomy in view of acute abdomen. Intra-operatively around 1 l of purulent fluid drained. Exploration of the bowel revealed a large cecal perforation. Repair was carried out with rescue colostomy. Her post-operative period was un-eventful, she showed steady improvement and was discharged in a stable condition with colostomy in situ. The colostomy was closed after 12 weeks.
Challenges to the Development of Creative Economy SMEs in Banyumas Regency due to Social Distancing Policies During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Abdul , Sabiq Ahmad , Rosyadi Slamet , Kurniasih Denok
Published: February 2023

Using small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the creative economy sector of Banyumas Regency, Indonesia, we map the activity of SMEs in the creative economy sector before the COVID-19 pandemic and conduct a descriptive analysis based on interviews with respondents of creative economy SMEs during the COVID-19 period in 2021. The results of this study shows the distribution of the potential for creative economic development in the Banyumas Regency area. From 2020 to 2021, the creative economy in the Banyumas area experienced shocks due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 has reduced people’s purchasing power, directly impacting the decline in business turnover. To overcome the effects of social distancing or the implementation of community activities restriction policies, creative economy entrepreneurs in Banyumas developed new products, expanded marketing methods with online media, and created new businesses to capture economic opportunities in trending community activities. The creative economy SME actors in Banyumas appreciate the importance of government assistance to protect them from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: creative economy, small and medium enterprises, social distancing policy, COVID-19
Literature Study on The Development of a Work-Life Balance for State Civil Apparatuses (ASN) Following the Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: . Wahyuningrat , Tri Harsanto Bambang , Rosyadi Slamet , Untari Sri
Published: February 2023

The aim of this research was to formulate a development model of work-life balance for Indonesian ASN after the pandemic. Work-life balance for ASN is important since it will increase work satisfaction which will, in turn, increase their performance. Thus, both the government and state civil apparatuses (ASN) will acquire big benefits. The literature study was conducted by reviewing several journals. This research found that there are domains to determine the work-life balance for ASN. First, the government domain which contains policies that may support the realization of ASN’s work-life balance. Second, ASN’s individual domain, which contains ASN’s individual characteristics. Third, the ASN’s family domain which contains family characteristics. This study provides additional knowledge of work-life balance in the public sector in the post-pandemic context.
Keywords: post-pandemic, state civil apparatus, work-life balance
Facebook Ads, COVID-19, and Smart City Dissemination
Authors: Agus Dwianto Rahmad , Bakhtiar Darmawan Arief , Priyo Purnomo Eko , Fathani Aqil , Salsabila Lubna
Published: February 2023

This research provides an innovative strategy to disseminate smart city programs during the pandemic through Facebook Ads. Socialization of the smart city program was hampered due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used the systematic literature review method from various recent journals on the use of Facebook for the dissemination of public policy information. NVivo tools, qualitatively in-depth and comprehensive analysis will explain new methods’ findings in this digital age. Facebook ads were chosen because the field can target those who have an interest in smart cities. This study found that Facebook advertising as a digital platform for socializing smart city programs during the pandemic the public was more efficient in terms of time, effort, cost, and a wider target market. This study found an innovation, namely the use of Facebook advertising as a digital marketing platform in government affairs or the socialization of government programs to the public during the pandemic. Further studies could combine Facebook Ads with other platforms like Google Ads, SEO, and TikTok.
Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic, Digital Platform, Smart City
Social Capital For Rural Community During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Banyumas Regency
Authors: Pandu Primadata Ankarlina , Yamin Muhammad , Wardhianna Sotyania , Sutoyo Ign. Suksmadi , Kurniawan Agung , Citra Permata Fadhila
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted Indonesian society. In addition to having an effect on the community’s socioeconomic aspects, it also has an effect on the health aspect. The most important factor in preventing and managing the effects of COVID-19 is how to foster social cohesion and make use of all community resources, especially its social capital. Finding out the social capital of rural communities amid the current COVID-19 outbreak is therefore urgently needed. This study’s specific goal is to examine the social capital that exists in rural Banyumas Regency villages during the COVID-19 pandemic and how such social capital influences local activities and rural populations’ social relations. A case study technique and a descriptive qualitative methodology were used to perform this study. The researcher will conduct in-depth interviews and direct observations to gather data. The Banyumas Regency’s rural settlements will be chosen for the study depending on the researcher’s criteria (purposive sampling). The findings demonstrated that several Banyumas Regency village areas had powerful social capital through social networks and community trust. Still, different things also occurred in several other regions, where the level of trust between community members had decreased since the pandemic. The social network that should exist in the community disintegrates or fails to form due to the drop in confidence.
Keywords: Social Capital, Village Community, COVID-19 Pandemic
Scholarship as a Method to Enhance the Identity of Undocumented Children of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Wijayanti Sri , Retno Wulan Tyas , Santoso Jarot , Muslihudin Muslihudin
Published: February 2023

The undocumented children of Indonesian migrant workers born and raised in Sabah have an identity problem. This is due to the absence of documents and the values, culture, customs, and experiences acquired in the receiving country. Furthermore, an emotional and physical link to the recipient country is built, which causes neglect towards their original identity. The Indonesian Government enacted a policy to revive the identity of undocumented children through the provision of repatriation scholarships. This study aimed to determine the influence of scholarships on the re-emergence of Indonesian identity. It involved a mixed method that combines quantitative and qualitative. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires, interviews, and FGD. The results showed that repatriation scholarships foster the identity of migrant workers’ children as Indonesians.
Keywords: identity, scholarships, undocumented children
A Highly Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Sensor for the Determination of Glucose Based on Aniline-2-sulfonic acid-Modified Cu Electrode
Authors: ARVAS Melih Beşir
Published: February 2023

Herein, the copper-based electrodes were successfully synthesized with galvanostatic electrodeposition method. The effect of materials obtained at different concentrations of ASA and anodization times on glucose sensing ability was investigated. During the anodization of copper foil in the presence of ASA molecules, it formed a tree branch-like structure connected to each other while decorating the electrode surface. The Cu(30)/ASA(0.02) electrode exhibited a relatively wide linear range (0.2 – 10.0 mM) and a low detection limit (0.826 µM). These excellent activities were mainly attributed to the surface morphology, which functions as highly active sites and enhanced electronic conductive pathways with the addition of ASA. In addition, the stability obtained together with the excellent sensing ability in beverages makes the electrodes useful for practical applications.
Etyczne postawy przedsiębiorców regionu tarnobrzeskiego. Studium z socjologii moralności
Authors: Rogowski Robert
Published: February 2023

The article presents results of empirical research made amongst entrepreneurs of the Tarnobrzeg region concerning moral dimension of their activities. A few hundred persons were examined (mainly owners of small companies). They were asked about their businesses in moral aspect. Entrepreneurs work hard, have respect to other people and try to be honest. Most important values for them are family, health and love. The work is also very important for entrepreneurs, but they complain about lack of free time.
Etyczne wyzwania współpracy pomiędzy lekarzami a przemysłem farmaceutycznym
Authors: Makowska Marta
Published: February 2023

Over the recent years more and more often we can hear in public debate that pharmaceutical industry is using aggressive marketing to increase the market growth. Their marketing actions are addressed mainly to physicians, because doctors are those who raise gains of pharmaceutical companies in the most considerable extent. The main aim of this paper is to answer the question what kinds of methods pharmaceutical companies are using to influence physicians’ prescribing practice. On examples will be shown how pharmaceutical sales representatives are using reciprocity rule, liking, contrast, authority, scarcity, social proof and consistence to manipulate on doctors. The paper will try to answer the questions: Are physicians aware of influence of pharmaceutical companies? What should be done to increase their awareness? The article is based on the CAWI research. It is analysis of 372 questionnaires filled by physicians. Research was conducted with the support of Medycyna Praktyczna site – one of the most famous websites among the doctors in Poland.
Etyka zawodowa likwidatora szkód w towarzystwie ubezpieczeniowym
Authors: Zasada Jarosław
Published: February 2023

The subject of this abstract is the description of professional ethics of a damage adjuster in an insurance company. The work of a damage adjuster in a financial institution is more than looking after the profit of the company which goes to the company shareholders. The job is very often regarded as a position of public trust. When the aggrieved parties report a damage to an insurance company they not only entrust their personal data, which are protected by law, but they also reveal confidential information like medical records, their income and important personal documentation. Reporting a damage, the aggrieved party has to be sure that the entrusted information will be only used for the purpose of the liquidation of damages. On the other hand, the damage adjuster is supposed to know that when contacting the aggrieved party, who is not an expert in insurance, should never use the professional knowledge to make decisions which are not in favour of the party. In this case the damage adjuster has two roles; not only is he a professional who is responsible for the liquidation of the damage but he is also a representative of a financial institution to the aggrieved party. Therefore there are also some marketing aspects involved in the process because quick and accurate handling of the liquidation process can convince the aggrieved party to choose the insurance company’s offer. In my paper I am going to focus on ethical issues of the profession of a damage adjuster both when interacting with clients and decision taking. I will try to show what ethical and moral standards a person working as a damage adjuster should follow. These being especially important for the profession of a personal damage adjuster. The role of a damage adjuster is not only the liquidation of the damage following procedures but also help and support for the aggrieved party by explaining the procedures, existing rights and claims.
Censorship of Literature in Post-War Poland: In Light of the Confidential Bulletins for Censors from 1945 to 1956
Authors: Wiśniewska-Grabarczyk Anna
Published: February 2023

The author’s focus on a relatively neglected field of censorship research – the bulletins – and attempt to provide a systematic account of their role and nature marks the key innovative aspect of the work. I deeply appreciate and admire the colossal labour that the author has undertaken to produce the text, especially in the extremely difficult circumstances that we have had to endure these past two years. Dr. John M. Bates University of Glasgow The reviewed publication will enable foreign readers to get an insight into how the system of control and repression operated in Poland during the Stalinist era. Furthermore, it will familiarize them with the history of Poland, including Polish literature of that period. Prof. Kamila Kamińska-Chełminiak University of Warsaw Wiśniewska-Grabarczyk’s monograph is based on rich source material and is of great intellectual value. The publication of the book in English will further research on communist censorship in Central and Eastern Europe in the context of comparative analysis. Prof. Sławomir Buryła University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
Sesgos en la resolución de tareas probabilísticas por estudiantes costarricenses de educación primaria
Authors: Hernández-Solís Luis A.
Published: February 2023

Este estudio expone algunos sesgos y creencias subjetivas encontradas en las respuestas a tres tareas probabilísticas en una muestra de estudiantes de 6º curso de educación primaria costarricense. Se presenta el porcentaje de respuestas correctas a cada ítem y de elección de diferentes distractores, y se muestran algunas similitudes y diferencias con los resultados obtenidos en estudios previos. El análisis de las estrategias de resolución revela la presencia del sesgo de equiprobabilidad, enfoque en el resultado, recencia positiva y negativa, creencia en factores físicos que influyen en la probabilidad y consideración de poca diferencia entre casos favorables y posibles como equiprobabilidad.
Perfil y test vocacional para las carreras de Computadores, Agrícola y Enseñanza de la Matemática
Authors: Alfaro-Barquero Alejandra , Chinchilla-Brenes Sonia
Published: February 2023

La investigación buscó diseñar y evaluar una prueba de preferencias vocacionales para las carreras de Ingeniería en Computadores, Ingeniería Agrícola y Enseñanza de la Matemática con Entornos Tecnológicos, del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR). Participaron 13 docentes (15.4% mujeres, 84.6% hombres) y 435 estudiantes, con edad promedio de 20.74 años, 63.2% hombres y 36.8% mujeres. Se elaboró el perfil vocacional por disciplina y se revisó y validó con expertos. El documento resultante sirvió de base para elaborar el instrumento vocacional. Posteriormente, se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas del mismo con análisis factoriales, obteniendo indicadores de bondad de ajuste adecuados. La prueba incluyó la escala de habilidades generales e intereses y tareas por carrera.Se evidenció la existencia de perfiles vocacionales para cada disciplina y quienes mostraron mayor afinidad con el perfil de su carrera evidenciaron mayor satisfacción vocacional. Específicamente, se encontraron diferencias significativas según satisfacción vocacional en los promedios de habilidad física, liderazgo, razonamiento matemático, autorregulación-disciplina, habilidad visoespacial y habilidad química.Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas a favor de las mujeres en las medias de la habilidad biológica, autorregulación-disciplina, habilidad visoespacial y mayor preferencia por la enseñanza de la matemática y las tareas de ingeniería Agrícola. Los hombres obtuvieron mayores promedios en las habilidades física y matemática y mayor preferencia por las tareas e intereses de Ingeniería en Computación.
Aylak Adam Romanı: Varoluşçu Bir Bakış
Authors: ÖZKILIÇCI Gökçe
Published: February 2023

“Varoluş özden önce gelir” sözüyle özetlenebilecek varoluşçuluk 19. yüzyılın sonlarında edebiyat, tiyatro ve psikoloji başta olmak üzere pek çok alana etki etmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türk edebiyatının önemli isimlerinden biri olan Yusuf Atılgan’ın Aylak Adam romanını varoluşçu felsefenin ve psikolojinin temel kavramlarını göz önünde bulundurarak incelemektir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle eserin yazarı olan Yusuf Atılgan hakkında kısa bir bilgilendirme yapılacaktır. İzleyen bölümlerde adı geçen eserde yaşanan olaylar ve ana karakter (C.) varoluşçu felsefenin önde gelen isimlerinin üzerine düşündükleri bazı kavramlar çerçevesinde yorumlanacaktır. Bu çalışma, soyut bir kavram olan varoluşçuluğun ve onun ortaya attığı meselelerin Türkçe kaleme alınmış Aylak Adam romanında nasıl kurgulandığını ve şekillendiğini göstermenin bir aracı olmayı hedeflemektedir.
Tanggung Jawab Indonesia dalam Penanganan Covid-19 melalui Vaksinasi ditinjau dari Perspektif Hukum Internasional
Authors: Sofari Muhammad Fardi
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article aims to identify and analyze the regulations for handling Covid-19 according to international law and Indonesia's responsibilities in fulfilling the Covid-19 vaccination. This article is a normative-legal research that uses a combination of a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The conclusion obtained is that the right to get vaccinated and the responsibility of the state in fulfilling vaccinations is carried out by the Indonesian government to protect its citizens from being infected with Covid-19 as a fulfillment of individual rights based on human rights according to international law by take into account the provisions in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
Keywords: international law; covid-19 vaccination; state responsibility.
Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis peraturan penanganan Covid-19 menurut hukum internasional serta tanggung jawab Indonesia dalam pemenuhan vaksinasi Covid-19. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan kombinasi antara pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah bahwa hak mendapatkan vaksinasi dan tanggung jawab negara dalam pemenuhan vaksinasi dilakukan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk melindungi warga negaranya agar tidak terjangkit Covid-19 sebagai pemenuhan hak individu berdasarkan hak asasi manusia menurut Hukum Internasional dengan memperhatikan ketentuan dalam The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) dan International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
Kata Kunci: hukum internasional; vaksinasi covid-19; tanggung jawab negara.
Health risk assessment of BTEX exposure at roadside and on-road traveling route in Bangkok Metropolitan Region
Authors: Kongpran Jira , Kim Oanh Nguyen Thi , Hang Nguyen Thanh
Published: February 2023

Exposure to high levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) poses health risks in high-traffic urban areas. BTEX exposure at two microenvironments, the roadside and along the traveling routes, within urban and suburban areas of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region was examined to assess cancer and noncancer risks. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for benzene and noncancer hazard index (HI) for all BTEX compounds were evaluated for adult male and female groups (drivers, passengers, and street vendors) in two scenarios: average case and worst case. With the assumption of negligible exposure outside the two considered microenvironments, the pickup drivers had the highest LCR and HI. Higher exposure risks were found in urban areas than in the suburbs and among men than females. Higher toluene levels were found at all monitoring sites in two microenvironments, but benzene was the most important in causing noncancer risk. The HI for all target groups ranged from 8.5E-03 to 4.0E-01, indicating a low noncancer risk from BTEX exposure (HI < 1). The LCR caused by benzene exposure ranged from 1.7E-06 to 7.2E-05, which is higher than the United States EPA most health-protective limit (1E-06). Further research should include other microenvironments by assessing the 24-hour exposure of all considered groups.
Defining the Most Generalized, Natural Extension of the Expected Value on Measurable Functions
Authors: Krishnan Bharath
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we will extend the expected value of the function w.r.t the uniform probability measure on the Caratheodory extension to a larger class of functions, since the set of all functions with infinite or undefined expected values may form a prevalent subset of the set of all measurable functions. Before we get to the specific problem (or main question) of the paper, we will outline some preliminary definitions. We then will define a precise main question that will attempt to offer a unique solution and we'll offer a partial solution to the question. Along the way, we will ask a series of questions that will clarify our understanding of the paper.
Emissions and CO2 Concentration – an Evidence Based Approach
Authors: Dengler Joachim , Reid John
Published: February 2023

The relation between CO2 emissions and atmospheric CO2 concentration has traditionally been treated with more or less complex models with several boxes. Our approach is motivated by the question of how much CO2 must necessarily be absorbed by sinks. Observations lead to the model assumption, that carbon sinks like oceans or biosphere are linearly dependent on CO2 concentration on a decadal scale. In particular this implies the falsifiable hypothesis that oceanic and biological CO2 buffers have not significantly changed in the past 50 years and are not saturated in the forseeable future. The simple model with 2 parameters explains very well the CO2 emission and historical CO2 concentration data. The model gives estimates of the natural emissions, the pre-industrial CO2 equilibrium concentration levels, the half-life time of an emission pulse, and the future CO2 concentration level from a given emission scenario. This is validated by an ex-post forecast of the last 20 years. The important result is that with the stated polices scenario of the IEA future CO2 concentrations will not rise above 475 ppm. The model is compared with the Carbon modul of the Bern model, mapping their complex IRFs to a single time variant parameter.
Improving Foraminifera Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks with Ensemble Learning
Authors: Nanni Loris , Faldani Giovanni , Brahnam Sheryl , Bravin Riccardo , Feltrin Elia
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a study of an automated system for identifying planktic foraminifera at the species level. The system uses a combination of deep learning methods, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), to analyze digital images of foraminifera taken at different illumination angles. The dataset is composed of 1437 groups of sixteen grayscale images, one group for each foraminifer, that are then converted to RGB images with various processing methods. These RGB images are fed into a set of CNNs, organized in an Ensemble Learning (EL) environment. The ensemble is built by training different networks using different approaches for creating the RGB images. The study finds that an ensemble of CNN models trained on different RGB images improves the system's performance compared to other state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed system was also found to outperform human experts in classification accuracy.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Levosimendan in an Animal Model of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Scarpati Giuliana , Corona Marco , Zeppa Pio , Ciccarelli Michele , Piazza Ornella
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Levosimendan is a positive inotropic molecule that does not reduce splanchnic circulation and has anti ischemic properties by opening mito KATP channels. Cirrhosis is a chronic and diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and the conversion of typical liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. In the late stages of the disease, cirrhosis is responsible for organ failure and complications such as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and hepatic encephalopathy. Material and methods: We examined the effect of levosimendan in rat models of liver cirrhosis. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group A: cirrhotic rats 14 days after bile duct ligation (BDL); Group B: control (intact rats); Group A1: BDL and levosimendan (liver cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation plus intraperitoneal administration of levosimendan); Group B1: control and levosimendan (intact animals with normal liver function treated with an intraperitoneal injection of levosimendan). Each group was subjected to blood sampling to determine GOT, GPT, and bilirubin at baseline, two weeks after surgery, and four days after treatment. In addition, echocardiography was performed in all the groups simultaneously. At the end of the experiments, the rats were subjected to cerebral and hepatic microdialysis and sacrificed. Results: Serum GOT, GPT, and bilirubin in Group A1 (GOT 304 UI/L, GPT 60 UI/L, BIL 3,9 mg/dl) were considerably lower than in Group A (GOT 320 UI/L, GPT 67,16 UI/L, BIL 6,4 mg/dl). The Ejection fraction value decreased significantly postoperatively in Group A (preop 55,66%, BDL 38,85%) and was highest after treatment with levosimendan (Group A1 48,38%). Significant histological differences were detected between the experimental groups (Group A Sheuer staging 3, severe fibrosis, Group A1 Sheuer staging 0-2 no, mild and moderate fibrosis). Group A had a higher value of Lactate, Pyruvate, Glycerol, and Glutamate cerebral microdialysate concentrations (Lac 0.37mM, Pyr 16.25 mcM, Glyc 15.72 mcM, Glut 15.8 mcM) in comparison with BDL rats treated with levosimendan (Group A1 - Lac 0.31 mM, Pyr 6.3 mcM, Glyc 13.66 mcM, Glut 11.15 mcM). Glucose concentrations in cerebral dialysate from Group A were significantly lower (0.13 mM) than in Group A1 (0.25 mM). Glucose and Glycerol concentrations in liver microdialysate from Group A were significantly lower (Gluc 0.95 mM, Glyc 1 mcM) than in Group A1 (Gluc 1.6 mM, Glyc 3.4 mcM). Conversely, in liver dialysate from Group A (0.52 mM), lactate was significantly higher than in Group A1 (0.35 mM). Conclusions: Our results suggest that levosimendan can be potentially protective for fibrotic liver and probably can prevent cirrhosis complication as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and hepatic encephalopathy.
Thermal Conductivity of ZrO2, ZrSiO4, (U,Zr)SiO4 and UO2: Numerical Approach
Authors: Kizka Valeriy
Published: February 2023

The thermal conductivity of the products of the interaction of molten core with concrete was derived using number theory. A formula has been found that describes the thermal conductivity of ZrO2, ZrSiO4, (U,Zr)SiO4 and UO2 over a wide temperature range. Formula is expressed in terms of the atomic numbers of elements, their valencies, the crystal structure of substances, and the thermal conductivities of individual chemical elements of the corium.
Home-Based Moderate Intensity Cycling in Community Dwelling Individuals With Stroke: Protocol of a Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: van Mechelen Mats , Lemmens Dennis , Vanroy Christel , Truijen Steven , Saeys Wim
Published: February 2023

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and preliminary effects of a 12-week home-based moderate intensity cycling programme in stroke survivors. Design: Single-blinded, parallel group, Randomised Controlled Trial Setting: Home-based Participants: Participants will be survivors of first-ever stroke and randomly assigned to an Active Cycling Group (ACG) or control group. Intervention: The ACG performed a 12-week home-based cycling programme, three sessions per week. Work intervals were executed at 75% of the maximal heart rate (HRmax), recovery intervals at 50% of HRmax. Work interval duration increased from three ten-minute intervals to 30 minutes continuous cycling. The control group completed a 12-week neurocognitive exercise programme. Main outcome measurements: Primary outcome measures are compliance with training, adherence to protocol and safety as measured by adverse events. Secondary outcome measurements included a: simplified modified Rankin Scale questionnaire (stroke severity), Six-Minute Walking Test (walking ability), Ten-meter Walk Test (walking ability), Rivermead Mobility Index (walking ability), graded submaximal cycling test (exercise capacity), Physical Activity for Individuals with Physical Disability questionnaire (physical activity), EQ-5D-5L (quality of life), Stroke Specific Quality of Life questionnaire (quality of life), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (cognition), General Self-Efficacy Scale (self-efficacy), and Exercise Self-Regulation Questionnaire (self-regulation).
Future Readiness with Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs): Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Aliyev Hafiz , Aysan Ahmet Faruk , Kayani Umar Nawaz
Published: February 2023

This article discusses the impact of new financial technologies, such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) on traditional industries such as art, sports, and game, while focusing on the recently formed "Metaverse" market. As a component of the overall blockchain ecosystem, the history of the establishment of NFT is analyzed. The impact of Web3 and intelligent contracts on Fintech are also investigated. This study examines the general trends in the NFTs market, including their price formation, price-influencing factors, and available patterns. Then the paper provides classifications and examples of NTFs. Besides, the technological application and primary technical path are also described. Later, the paper assesses the market's and marketplaces' accessibility. Finally, this study evaluates the management applications of NFTs and analyzes existing platforms, and demonstrates how they can be implemented effectively in various settings. The concluding portion discusses technological obstacles. The study concludes with a discussion of potential applications for the results and prospects for future research.
Hybrid Spreadable Cheese Analogues with Faba Bean and Tenebrio molitor Flours: Optimisation Using Desirability-Based Mixture Design
Authors: Garcia-Fontanals Laura , Llorente Raquel , Valderrama Juanjo , Bravo Sergio , Talens Clara
Published: February 2023

As a result of the growing demand for foods with reduced animal protein content, many new alternative diets are now emerging. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that the Western population is unprepared for drastic changes and is disinclined to accept foods based on alternative proteins. However, hybrid products might become a good transitional offer. This study used a desirability-based mixture design to model hybrid spreadable cheese analogues (SCAs). The design combined the dairy protein (MPC), Tenebrio molitor (IF) and faba bean (FBP) flours. Nine SCAs with different MPC/FBP/IF ratios were formulated, representing 0, 50 and 100% MPC replacement (7.1% of the formula). Incorporating the IF negatively impacted the desirable texture properties. The FBP flour improved the texture (achieving increased firmness and stickiness and decreased spreadability), but only when combined with MPC. Changing the MPC/FBP/IF ratio affected the colour of SCAs. Sensory analysis showed that hybrid SCAs (≤ 50% MPC) had a more characteristic cheesy flavour than the commercial plant-based reference, and sample C2 had a texture profile similar to the dairy reference. Samples containing IF showed a better flavour profile than the products without IF. The SCAs had higher protein and lower saturated fat, starch and sugar con-tent than commercial analogues.This study demonstrates that the inclusion of alternative proteins can be effective as a strategy to reduce dairy protein content in hybrid product formulations.
Cyanide Molecular Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with Current Databases
Authors: Parigger Christian
Published: February 2023

This work discusses diatomic molecular spectroscopy of laser-induced plasma and analysis of data records, specifically signatures of cyanide, CN. Line strength data from various databases are compared for simulation of the CN, B2Σ+⟶X2Σ+, Δv=0 sequence. Of interest are recent predictions using an astrophysical database, i.e., ExoMol, a laser-induced fluorescence database, i.e., LIFBASE, and a program for simulating rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra, i.e., PGOPHER. Cyanide spectra that are predicted from these databases are compared with line strength data that are in use by the author for the last three decades in the analysis of laser-plasma emission spectra. Comparisons with experimental laser-plasma records are communicated as well, and for spectral resolutions of 33 and 110 picometer. The accuracy of the CN line strength data is better than one picometer. Laboratory experiments utilize 308-nm, 35-picosecond bursts within an overall 1-nanosecond pulse-width, and 1064-nm, 6-ns pulse-width radiation. Experimental results are compared with predictions. Differences of the databases are elaborated for equilibrium of rotational and vibrational modes and at an internal, molecular temperature of the order of 8,000 Kelvin. Applications of accurate CN data include for example combustion diagnosis, chemistry, and supersonic and hypersonic expansion diagnosis. The cyanide molecule is also of interest in the study of astrophysical phenomena.
Kendala Pemerintah Dalam Melindungi Hak Atas Keamanan Bagi Konsumen Kuliner Makanan Berbahan Baku Daging Anjing
Authors: Sutrisno Elizabeth Putri , Sugandha Wasis
Published: February 2023

This study aims to find out what are the obstacles of the Surakarta City government especially the Department of Agriculture, Food Security, and Fisheries of Surakarta City in an effort to protect the right to security for consumers of culinary foods made from dog meat in the city of Surakarta. The research method used is socio-legal legal research. Descriptive. This research was conducted by processing primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained by conducting interviews with the Department of Agriculture, Food Security, and Fisheries of the City of Surakarta as well as consumers of food culinary made from dog meat. Whereas secondary data is obtained by conducting a literature study related to existing laws and regulations or research journals. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the Surakarta City Government's obstacle in protecting the right to security for food consumers made from dog meat, especially the Department of Agriculture, Food Security, and Fisheries of Surakarta City is due to several interrelated factors. These factors are legal factors, infrastructure facilities, law enforcement factors, community factors, and cultural factors.

Keywords:

Food; Consumer; Surakarta.
Pelaksanaan Izin Pertambangan Rakyat di Sungai Progo
Authors: Harleando Putra , Hermawan Sapto
Published: February 2023

Yogyakarta Special Region is a mining industry area, especially in Bantul district. One of the most popular mining commodities is the sand mining commodity along the Progo watershed. Many of the mining business actors already have permits but also many are illegal. This study aims to determine how mining business actors implement mining permits and the impacts on the surrounding environment and solutions to overcome them. This type of research used in writing this law is empirical legal research. The nature of the research used by the author in writing this law is. The objects of research in writing this law are the DIY Licensing and Investment Service, the DIY Public Works Housing and Energy Department, Mining business actors in the Progo watershed area, and the community around the mining site. Based on the results of research and discussion, the implementation of community mining permits is described into 3 (three) things, namely, the process of issuing permits by the DIY Licensing and Investment Agency, supervision procedures by the Public Works Agency for Housing and Energy and Mineral Resources, and implementation in the field by business actors. mining. The implementation of community mining permits by mining business actors is still not in accordance with the provisions in licensing and has an impact on the surrounding environment, this occurs due to a lack of legal compliance by mining business actors and a lack of supervisory personnel to carry out supervision.
Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik di Kawasan Pantai Depok, Kabupaten Bantul
Authors: Salsabila Agya Zahra , Najicha Fatma Ulfatun
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the role of the environmental agency in managing plastic waste in the Depok Beach area and to find out the obstacles in managing plastic waste in the Depok Beach area. This research is a normative study, using secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. To complete the above problems, this study uses empirical legal research methods. The conclusions in this legal research include the role of the environmental office in helping the Regent to carry out government affairs in the environmental sector. In addition, there are obstacles that affect the management of plastic waste in the Environmental Service.