bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reappraisal of Los Humeros Volcanic Complex by New U/Th Zircon and 40Ar/39Ar Dating: Implications for Greater Geothermal Potential
Authors: Carrasco‐Núñez G. , Bernal J. P. , Dávila P. , Jicha B. , Giordano G. , Hernández J.
Published: January 2018

Longevity and size of magmatic systems are fundamental factors for assessing the potential of a geothermal field. At Los Humeros volcanic complex (LHVC), the first caldera‐forming event was reported at 460 ± 40 ka. New zircon U/Th and plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar dates of pre‐, syn‐ and postcaldera volcanics allow a reappraisal of the evolution of the geothermally active LHVC. The age of the voluminous Xaltipan ignimbrite (115 km3 dense rock equivalent [DRE]) associated with the formation of the Los Humeros caldera is now constrained by two geochronometers (zircon U/Th and plagioclase 40Ar/39Ar dating) to 164 ± 4.2 ka, which postdates a long episode of precaldera volcanism (rhyolitic domes), the oldest age of which is 693.0 ± 1.9 ka (40Ar/39Ar). The inferred short residence time (around 5 ka) for the paroxysmal Xaltipan ignimbrite is indicative of rapid assembly of a large magma body and rejuvenation of the system due to recurrent recharge magmas, as it has been occurred in some other large magmatic systems. Younger ages than previously believed have been obtained also for the other voluminous explosive phases of the Faby fall tuff at ∼70 ka and the second caldera‐forming Zaragoza ignimbrite with 15 km3 DRE, which erupted immediately after. Thus, the time interval that separates the two caldera‐forming episodes at Los Humeros is only 94 kyr, which is a much shorter interval than suggested by previous K‐Ar dates (410 kyr). This temporal proximity allows us to propose a caldera stage encompassing the Xaltipan and the Zaragoza ignimbrites, followed by emplacement at 44.8 ± 1.7 ka of rhyolitic magmas interpreted to represent a postcaldera, resurgent stage. Rhyolitic eruptions have also occurred during the Holocene (<7.3 ± 0.1 ka) along with olivine‐rich basalts that suggest recharge of the system. The estimated large volume magmatic reservoir for Los Humeros (>∼1,200 km3) and these new ages indicating much younger caldera‐forming volcanism than previously believed are fundamental factors in the application of classical conductive models of heat resource, enhancing the heat production capacity and favor a higher geothermal potential.
Development of Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar Real‐Time Processing System With Adaptive Clutter Rejection
Authors: Hashiguchi H. , Manjo T. , Yamamoto M.
Published: January 2018

Atmospheric radars have the ability to continuously observe the height profiles of wind velocity vectors, across a wide height range, with high temporal resolution. They have been used for research, such as atmospheric gravity waves and meteorological phenomena, as well as for weather forecasting. For atmospheric radars, strong clutter echoes from surrounding hard targets, such as mountains or buildings, are the major source of interference. As they utilize very weak scattering from radio refractive index fluctuations produced by atmospheric turbulence, even weak echoes from low‐level sidelobes become a serious problem. In order to reject or suppress clutter echoes, it is effective to use the norm constrained‐directionally constrained minimization of power (NC‐DCMP) method, which creates a null toward the direction of the clutter, while maintaining the main lobe shape. We successfully implemented the NC‐DCMP adaptive processing in the real‐time processing system of the middle and upper atmosphere radar. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of real‐time processing of the clutter rejection. The primary advantage is enabling the estimation of wind velocity profiles in real time and the reduction of the amount of recorded data. The improvement of the wind estimation accuracy, especially for vertical flow, was confirmed from observation data recorded over a long period.
Analytical Solution for Interface Flow to a Sink With an Upconed Saline Water Lens: Strack's Regimes Revisited
Authors: Kacimov A. R. , Obnosov Y. V.
Published: January 2018

A study is made of a steady, two‐dimensional groundwater flow with a horizontal well (drain), which pumps out freshwater from an aquifer sandwiched between a horizontal bedrock and ponded soil surface, and containing a lens‐shaped static volume of a heavier saline water (DNAPL‐dense nonaqueous phase liquid) as a free surface. For flow toward a line sink, an explicit analytical solution is obtained by a conformal mapping of the hexagon in the complex potential plane onto a reference plane and the Keldysh‐Sedov integral representation of a mixed boundary‐value problem for a complex physical coordinate. The interface is found as a function of the pumping rate, the well locus, the ratio of liquid densities, and the hydraulic heads at the soil surface and in the well. The shape with two inflexion points and fronts varies from a small‐thickness bedrock‐spread pancake to a critical curvilinear triangle, which cusps toward the sink. The problem is mathematically solvable in a relatively narrow band of geometric and hydraulic parameters. A similar analytic solution for a static heavy bubble confined by a closed‐curve interface (no contact with the bedrock) is outlined as an illustration of the method to solve a mixed boundary‐value problem.
Triboelectrification‐Enabled Self‐Powered Data Storage
Authors: Kuang Shuang Yang , Zhu Guang , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: January 2018

Data storage by any means usually requires an electric driving power for writing or reading. A novel approach for self‐powered, triboelectrification‐enabled data storage (TEDS) is presented. Data are incorporated into a set of metal‐based surface patterns. As a probe slides across the patterned surface, triboelectrification between the scanning probe and the patterns produces alternatively varying voltage signal in quasi‐square wave. The trough and crest of the quasi‐square wave signal are coded as binary bits of “0” and “1,” respectively, while the time span of the trough and the crest is associated with the number of bits. The storage of letters and sentences is demonstrated through either square‐shaped or disc‐shaped surface patterns. Based on experimental data and numerical calculation, the theoretically predicted maximum data storage density could reach as high as 38.2 Gbit in−2. Demonstration of real‐time data retrieval is realized with the assistance of software interface. For the TEDS reported in this work, the measured voltage signal is self‐generated as a result of triboelectrification without the reliance on an external power source. This feature brings about not only low power consumption but also a much more simplified structure. Therefore, this work paves a new path to a unique approach of high‐density data storage that may have widespread applications.
T‐Shaped Benzimidazole Derivatives as Blue‐Emitting Materials: The Role of C2 Substituents on Photophysical Properties
Authors: Thomas K. R. Justin , Bodedla Govardhana Babu
Published: January 2018

The synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of a series of T‐shaped benzimidazole derivatives decorated with triphenylamine donors at positions C4 and C7 and various aromatic units at C2 are reported. The absorption properties of the dyes are predominantly influenced by the electronic properties of the benzimidazole and triphenylamine units, whereas the emission characteristics are determined by the nature of the aromatic segment at C2. All the compounds display blue emission with moderate quantum yields in solution and solid states. They displayed multiple quasi‐reversible oxidations originating from the triphenylamine units, demonstrating the electronic communication between these moieties. In addition, they showed high thermal stability with decomposition onset temperatures greater than 384 °C. The excited‐state lifetime of the dyes varied in the range 2.00–6.18 ns. A pyrene‐containing dye exhibited the longest lifetime in the series, attributable to the formation of excimers in the excited state.
Affective and cognitive religiosity: Influences on consumer reactance and self‐control
Authors: Minton Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2018

Self‐control is regularly studied in the marketing literature in relation to spending and food consumption; however, little research has assessed trait characteristics that influence consumers' self‐control. Although prior research in other fields has shown a generally positive relationship between religiosity and self‐control, such research has often used poor measures of religiosity and has inadequately examined marketplace outcomes or factors underlying consumers' self‐controlled responses. Thus, the studies herein build on self‐regulation theory to address and extend from these limitations by examining the influence of religiosity, as a multidimensional construct (particularly affective and cognitive religiosity), on self‐control and resulting influences on marketplace behaviors. Findings reveal that priming affectively (cognitively) religious consumers leads to greater (lower) consumer self‐control with a religious message prime (Study 1) and religious writing task (Study 2). Additionally, findings show that psychological reactance is at the root of these responses (Study 3). Implications build on self‐regulation theory and the strength model of self‐control to show the importance of religiosity (particularly affective and cognitive religiosity), interactions with religious primes, and psychological reactance in understanding consumers' self‐control.
Continuous‐Flow Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclohexanones from Phenols using Sodium Formate as a Safe Hydrogen Source
Authors: Valentini Federica , Santillo Niccolò , Petrucci Chiara , Lanari Daniela , Petricci Elena , Taddei Maurizio , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: January 2018

We report a procedure for the continuous‐flow production of cyclohexanone from phenol on the basis of the use of sodium formate as a biomass‐derived source of hydrogen and Pd/C as an easily accessible catalyst system. The reaction worked in water at pH 12.0 at 90 °C. By setting a packed reactor charged with the Pd/C catalyst (10 wt %) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1, we achieved continuous‐flow production of cyclohexanone in high yield with high selectivity and productivity.
Different compact hybrid Langmuir–Blodgett‐film coatings modify biomineralization and the ability of osteoblasts to grow
Authors: de Faria Amanda N. , Cruz Marcos A.E. , Ruiz Gília C.M. , Zancanela Daniela C. , Ciancaglini Pietro , Ramos Ana P.
Published: January 2018

Calcium phosphates (CaPs) are biomaterials widely used in tissue regeneration with outstanding biological performance. Although the tremendous improvements achieved in CaP's materials research over the years, their interaction with physiological environments still need to be fully understood. The aim of this study is to explore a biomimetic Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) membrane to template the growth of hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings on Ti surfaces and the ability of these coatings in inducing biomineralization by osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Changing the phospholipids (i.e., dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP) or octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA)), we also tuned the surface Ca2+ concentration. This structural feature gave rise to different LB‐hybrid surfaces where the concentration of Ca2+ in the OPA/HAp was higher than the concentration of Ca2+ in DHP/HAp coating. The higher Ca2+ amount on OPA/HAp coatings, allied to the physical–chemical features, lead to different responses on osteoblasts, stimulating or inhibiting the natural biomineralization. The OPA/HAp coating caused a delay in the osteoblast proliferation as indicated by the decrease in the cell viability at the 7th culture day. Improved cell differentiation triggered by the DHP/HAp coating resulted in higher osteoblast biomineralization. The present data underscore that besides both coatings being composed by HAp, the final interfacial composition and physical–chemical properties influence differently the osteoblast behavior. Although the best osteoblast's viability was found to OPA/HAp, our dataset attested that DHP/HAp induced mineralization more effectively than that. This unexpected finding highlight the importance of deeply understanding the biomaterial interface and suggest a promising approach to the design of biofunctional LB‐based coatings with tunable properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2524–2534, 2018.
Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation Are Not Associated With Risk of Incident Ischemic Cardiac Events or Death: Findings From the UK Biobank Cohort
Authors: Harvey Nicholas C , D'Angelo Stefania , Paccou Julien , Curtis Elizabeth M , Edwards Mark , Raisi-Estabragh Zahra , Walker-Bone Karen , Petersen Steffen E , Cooper Cyrus
Published: January 2018

We investigated associations between calcium/vitamin D supplementation and incident cardiovascular events/deaths in a UK population-based cohort. UK Biobank is a large prospective cohort comprising 502,637 men and women aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment. Supplementation with calcium/vitamin D was self-reported, and information on incident hospital admission (ICD-10) for ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and subsequent death was obtained from linkage to national registers. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate longitudinal relationships between calcium/vitamin D supplementation and hospital admission for men/women, controlling for covariates. A total of 475,255 participants (median age 58 years, 55.8% women) had complete data on calcium/vitamin D supplementation. Of that number, 33,437 participants reported taking calcium supplements; 19,089 vitamin D; and 10,007 both. In crude and adjusted analyses, there were no associations between use of calcium supplements and risk of incident hospital admission with either IHD, or subsequent death. Thus, for example, in unadjusted models, the hazard ratio (HR) for admission with myocardial infarction was 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–1.20, p = 0.79) among women taking calcium supplementation. Corresponding HR for men is 1.16 (95% CI 0.92–1.46, p = 0.22). After full adjustment, HR (95% CI) were 0.82 (0.62–1.07), p = 0.14 among women and 1.12 (0.85–1.48), p = 0.41 among men. Adjusted HR (95% CI) for admission with IHD were 1.05 (0.92–1.19), p = 0.50 among women and 0.97 (0.82–1.15), p = 0.77 among men. Results were similar for vitamin D and combination supplementation. There were no associations with death, and in women, further adjustment for hormone-replacement therapy use did not alter the associations. In this very large prospective cohort, there was no evidence that use of calcium/vitamin D supplementation was associated with increased risk of hospital admission or death after ischemic cardiovascular events. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sarcolemmal excitability changes in normal human aging
Authors: Lee James H.F. , Boland‐Freitas Robert , Ng Karl
Published: January 2018

Introduction: The exact mechanisms underlying the loss of skeletal muscle bulk and power with normal human aging are not well established. Recording of muscle velocity recovery cycles (MVRCs) is an in‐vivo neurophysiologic technique we employed to assess the impact of age on sarcolemmal excitability. Methods: MVRC recordings were obtained from tibialis anterior (n = 74) and rectus femoris (n = 32) muscles in 74 healthy subjects (18–84 years, median age 35 years, interquartile range 29–55 years). Results: Increasing age was linearly associated with longer muscle relative refractory period (MRRP) and reduced early supernormality (ESN) in both tibialis anterior (MRRP: r2 = 0.38, P < 0.001; ESN: r2 = 0.33, P < 0.001) and rectus femoris (MRRP: r2 = 0.30, P = 0.002; ESN: r2 = 0.19, P = 0.01) muscles. Discussion: The results are consistent with progressive depolarization of the resting sarcolemmal potential with normal aging. This may be an important mechanism in explaining age‐related muscle decline. Muscle Nerve 57: 981–988, 2018
Extreme under‐reporting of body weight by young adults with obesity: relation to social desirability
Authors: King B. M. , Cespedes V. M. , Burden G. K. , Brady S. K. , Clement L. R. , Abbott E. M. , Baughman K. S. , Joyner S. E. , Clark M. M. , Pury C. L. S.
Published: January 2018

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine whether there is an association between under‐reporting of body weight and social desirability as is found with self‐reports of energy intake.

Methods

Twenty‐seven lean individuals (mean body mass index ± standard deviation = 21.6 ± 2.0 kg m−2) and 26 individuals with obesity (mean body mass index = 35.4 ± 4.8 kg m−2) were e‐mailed a questionnaire on which they had to state their body weight and conduct a home food inventory. The next day, research team members went to their homes to weigh the participants, conduct their own food inventory and administer the Marlowe–Crowne scale for social desirability.

Results

Among individuals with obesity, lower social desirability scores were associated with a greater degree of under‐reporting body weight (r = +0.48, p < 0.02). Among lean individuals, the correlation was negative but statistically non‐significant (p = −0.22, p > 0.10). Nine individuals with obesity were extreme under‐reporters (2.27 kg or more), and eight of these had social desirability scores in the bottom half of the Marlowe–Crowne scale (p < 0.01). Six under‐reported on the home food inventory by three or more items.

Conclusions

Individuals with obesity and low social desirability scores are more likely than others to be extreme under‐reporters of body weight, possibly due to a lack of awareness of their own weight.
Retracted: A novel composite coating to improve the environmental adaptability of combustible cartridges
Authors: Chen Shiyi , Yu Wei
Published: January 2018

The combustible cartridge, as a kind of porous composite material, is easy to absorb moisture, thus affecting its combustion performance. Generally, storage and protection methods of a combustible cartridge are based on multilayer coatings. Nevertheless, it makes the coating process more expensive and complex by increasing the number of coatings layers. In this article, poly (trifluoroethyl methacrylate) was grafted onto the surface of the nano‐size titanium dioxide particles. The fluorine‐containing nanocomposite material and nitrocellulose varnish were used as the film‐forming material of a composite coating. Additives polyvinyl alcohol and polysorbate were separately used as an antistatic agent and surfactant. The final formula of coating was determined. Eventually, the multifunctional coating was deposited on the surface of a combustible cartridge using a spraying method to form the composite coating, and the preparation parameters of the composite coating were determined. Results demonstrate that the varnish‐fluoropolymer composite coating on the surface of combustible cartridge can improve the environmental adaptability and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the composite coating has no negative effects on the combustion performance of combustible cartridge, indicating a promising application in the coating of combustible cartridge to improve its environment adaptability. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:695–703, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Numerical mesh generation tool for thermal conductivity simulations of nanoparticle filled inorganic plates
Authors: Latré S. K. , De Pooter S. , Seveno D. , Desplentere F.
Published: January 2018

Since regulations on insulation building materials become more stringent, particular interest is growing in thermal low conductive composite building materials. By adding very expensive, low thermal conductive nanoparticles in widely used inorganic solid materials, a new high performance building material can be developed. To sufficiently balance the production cost and the use of the nanofillers, an automatic tool, PreCon, was developed to provide sufficient process information and to generate a general purpose numerical model which can be used for thermal insulation simulations. It is expected that a total random distribution of the particles in the inorganic matrix will not result in a significant increase in insulation properties and hence will not enhance the performance. PreCon is used to investigate the influence of a random distributed nanomaterial combined with a more normal distribution through thickness. Based on this information, one can gauge the efforts needed to localize the nanoparticles in particular regions. However, accurate and repetitive thermal conductivity measurements of real dispersions are very difficult and precarious to obtain. Nevertheless, combining PreCon with Siemens simulation software provides appropriate nanofiller distributions with respect to cost. The realized tool is also able to introduce fibrous material distributions as a composite reinforcement. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:568–585, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Risk‐Aware or Risk‐Averse? Challenges in Implementing Security Risk Management Within Humanitarian NGOs
Authors: Schneiker Andrea
Published: January 2018

Humanitarian aid agencies that deliver assistance in complex emergencies increasingly face violent incidents that not only put the humanitarians’ lives at risk but also jeopardize the delivery of life‐saving aid, thus affecting those parts of populations in need that are already the most vulnerable. In response, numerous humanitarian aid agencies have introduced professional security risk management systems. However, these systems are not implemented to the full extent in every humanitarian organization. I conducted 29 interviews with and a survey among 54 representatives from European and U.S. humanitarian not‐for‐profit non‐governmental organizations to study the implementation of security risk management systems within aid agencies. Combining an organizational perspective with findings from the International Relations literature on norms allows to understand security risk management in terms of ideas and values, which in turn makes it possible to study how security risk management systems are perceived and appropriated within the organizations in order to identify internal organizational barriers to the implementation of relevant policies, procedures, and structures as well as the different ways in which these concerns are addressed by those who are responsible for the implementation of security risk management.
Multi‐scale approach for strength properties estimation in functional materials
Authors: Gitman I. M. , Klyuev A. V. , Gitman M. B. , Stolbov V. Yu.
Published: January 2018

A new methodology to obtain metallic functional materials with predefined sets of strength properties has been developed. It has been shown that in order to accurately estimate set of material properties at the macro‐level, information from the micro‐level needs to be taken into account. As a result a two‐level estimation model, based on the theory of fuzzy sets, has been proposed. To demonstrate the developed methodology, a reinforcing steel has been analysed. Using microstructural information, derived from an available set of experimentally obtained digital images of material microsections under different heat treatment conditions, macroscopic strength properties of reinforcing steel have been determined.
Introduction
Authors: Yokoyama Hisashi
Published: January 2018

This book overviews the poisoning which occurred in the 1950s and 1960s among the residents in Minamata, Japan, who ate seafood contaminated with methylmercury discharged from the chemical factory, Chisso Corporation. This chapter describes the purpose in writing this book and the reason why the author used MPM (methylmercury poisoning in Minamata) as a disease name instead of so-called Minamata disease.
The status–power arena: a comprehensive agent-based model of social status dynamics and gender in groups of children
Authors: Hofstede Gert Jan , Student Jillian , Kramer Mark R.
Published: January 2018

Despite the urgency of this issue, AI still struggles to represent social life. This article presents a comprehensive agent-based model that investigates status-power dynamics in groups. Kemper’s sociological status–power theory of social relationships, and a literature review on school children in middle youth, is its basis. The model allows us to investigate causation of the near-ubiquitous phenomenon that females have lower social status on average than males. Possible causes included in the model are children’s dispositional traits (kindness, beauty, and physical power), schoolyard culture (social acceptability of fighting), behavioural strategy (amount of rough-and-tumble play) and the balance between public and dyadic sources of status. An agent-based model of a virtual schoolyard was created in which the children assemble in changing groups and mutually confer status. The status conferred upon a child modifies the status it holds. Rough-and-tumble is modelled as ambiguous: it is intended as a status conferral, but may be perceived as a power move. Running many trials of the model we found that in time, depending on the parameter settings, a gender-based status gap emerged. Rough-and-tumble play had more impact on emergent status differences than did physical power differences. Social acceptability of fighting also strongly moderated the resulting status gap. Placing more weight on dyadic relationship could alleviate status loss. All these model behaviours are in line with empirical findings of child behaviour studies at schools. They have face validity for social status issues in the adult world. We conclude from this that this kind of agent-based model merits use in studying the status–power dynamics of other issues in child behaviour, or indeed in social behaviour in general.
Modeling the Choice of Tillage Used for Dryland Corn, Wheat and Soybean Production by Farmers in Kansas
Authors: Canales Elizabeth , Bergtold Jason S. , Williams Jeffery R.
Published: January 2018

Conservation tillage offers economic and soil quality benefits, yet conventional tillage remains the prevailing system in some regions. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of profitability factors, risk attitudes, crop rotations, and other farmer and farm characteristics on farmers’ choices to use no-till (NT), strip-till (ST) and reduced/conventional tillage (RCT) in producing dryland corn, wheat, and soybean in Kansas. The results show that factors such as crop yields, risk aversion, crop insurance, baling and grazing of crop residue, crop acreage, and farmers’ approach to adopting new technologies are significant factors in farmers’ choice of tillage practice.
UNIVERSALLY BAIRE SETS AND GENERIC ABSOLUTENESS
Authors: WILSON TREVOR M.
Published: January 2018

We prove several equivalences and relative consistency results regarding generic absoluteness beyond Woodin’s ${\left( {{\bf{\Sigma }}_1^2} \right)^{{\rm{u}}{{\rm{B}}_\lambda }}}$ generic absoluteness result for a limit of Woodin cardinals λ. In particular, we prove that two-step $\exists ^ℝ \left( {{\rm{\Pi }}_1^2 } \right)^{{\rm{uB}}_\lambda } $ generic absoluteness below a measurable limit of Woodin cardinals has high consistency strength and is equivalent, modulo small forcing, to the existence of trees for ${\left( {{\bf{\Pi }}_1^2} \right)^{{\rm{u}}{{\rm{B}}_\lambda }}}$ formulas. The construction of these trees uses a general method for building an absolute complement for a given tree T assuming many “failures of covering” for the models $L\left( {T,{V_\alpha }} \right)$ for α below a measurable cardinal.
PERFECT SUBSETS OF GENERALIZED BAIRE SPACES AND LONG GAMES
Authors: SCHLICHT PHILIPP
Published: January 2018

We extend Solovay’s theorem about definable subsets of the Baire space to the generalized Baire spaceλλ, whereλis an uncountable cardinal withλ<λ= λ. In the first main theorem, we show that the perfect set property for all subsets ofλλthat are definable from elements ofλOrd is consistent relative to the existence of an inaccessible cardinal aboveλ. In the second main theorem, we introduce a Banach–Mazur type game of lengthλand show that the determinacy of this game, for all subsets ofλλthat are definable from elements ofλOrd as winning conditions, is consistent relative to the existence of an inaccessible cardinal aboveλ. We further obtain some related results about definable functions onλλand consequences of resurrection axioms for definable subsets ofλλ.
DEFINABILITY OF DERIVATIONS IN THE REDUCTS OF DIFFERENTIALLY CLOSED FIELDS
Authors: ASLANYAN VAHAGN
Published: January 2018

Let${\cal F}$=(F; +, .,0, 1, D) be a differentially closed field. We consider the question of definability of the derivation D in reducts of${\cal F}$of the form${\cal F}$R= (F; +, .,0, 1,P)PεRwhereRis some collection of definable sets in${\cal F}$. We give examples and nonexamples and establish some criteria for definability of D. Finally, using the tools developed in the article, we prove that under the assumption of inductiveness of Th (${\cal F}$R) model completeness is a necessary condition for definability of D. This can be seen as part of a broader project where one is interested in finding Ax-Schanuel type inequalities (or predimension inequalities) for differential equations.
ON EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS GENERATED BY SCHAUDER BASES
Authors: DING LONGYUN
Published: January 2018

In this article, a notion of Schauder equivalence relation ℝℕ/L is introduced, where L is a linear subspace of ℝℕ and the unit vectors form a Schauder basis of L. The main theorem is to show that the following conditions are equivalent:

(1) the unit vector basis is boundedly complete;

(2) L is a Fσ in ℝℕ;

(3) ℝℕ/L is Borel reducible to ℓ∞.

We show that any Schauder equivalence relation generalized by a basis of ℓ2 is Borel bireducible to ℝℕ/ℓ2 itself, but it is not true for bases of c0 or ℓ1. Furthermore, among all Schauder equivalence relations generated by sequences in c0, we find the minimum and the maximum elements with respect to Borel reducibility.
VALUED MODULES OVER SKEW POLYNOMIAL RINGS I
Authors: ONAY GÖNENÇ
Published: January 2018

We introduce a notion of valued module which is suitable to study valued fields of positive characteristic. Then we built-up a robust theory of henselianity in the language of valued modules and prove Ax-Kochen Ershov type results.
Romeand theRomains: laughter on the border between Kinshasa and Brazzaville
Authors: Devlieger Clara
Published: January 2018

This article considers humour at the international border between Kinshasa (DR Congo) and Brazzaville (Republic of Congo) as a means through which ordinary people navigate between fulfilling the values of individual opportunism and interpersonal responsibility. Kinshasa's border zone, nicknamedRome, often echoes with laughter as people who engage in unregulated livelihood strategies (Romains) engage in two genres of humour: verbal irony, expressed in nicknames for people, places and activities; and interpersonal joking, expressed in playful teasing. Laughter and jokes are a prevailing mode of interaction at the border, and the ways in which humour is constructed and experienced reveal much about social and moral life. The jokes define membership of a community ofRomainsdistinct from other urban citizens, while making further distinctions between physically disabled people, who dominate trade as intermediaries, and others by playing with hierarchical social relationships in which disabled people are expected to be subordinate. Ultimately, the humour that shapes the community allows for a critical voice on values within it. This article argues that the inconsistencies pinpointed by humour reflect and shape the instability of social relationships and contradictory values thatRomainsaspire to fulfil. Humour is a means of navigating critical commentary on the conflicting values of individual aspiration and responsibility towards others.
Electron energy and vibrational distribution functions of carbon monoxide in nanosecond atmospheric discharges and microsecond afterglows
Authors: Pietanza L. D. , Colonna G. , Capitelli M.
Published: January 2018

Nanopulse atmospheric carbon monoxide discharges and corresponding afterglows have been investigated in a wide range of applied reduced electric field (130 < E/N < 200 Td) and different pulse durations (2–50 ns). The results have been obtained by solving an appropriate Boltzmann equation for the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) coupled to the kinetics of vibrational and electronic excited states as well as to a simplified plasma chemistry for the different species formed during the activation of CO. The molar fraction of electronically excited states generated in the discharge is sufficient to create structures in the EEDF in the afterglow regime. On the other hand, only for long duration pulses (i.e. 50 ns), non-equilibrium vibrational distributions can be observed especially in the afterglow. The trend of the results for the case study E/N = 200 Td, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{\text{pulse}}=2$  ns is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the corresponding case for CO2 implying that the activation of CO2 by cold plasmas should take into account the kinetics of formed CO with the same accuracy as the CO2 itself.
Observation of the presence of crypsis in white mulletMugil curema(Pisces: Mugilidae) juveniles under artificial rearing conditions
Authors: Ibáñez Ana L. , Montero Diana Y.
Published: January 2018

This study documents the presence of crypsis inMugil curemajuveniles under laboratory culture. Initially, the juveniles were located in one brown tank (BT1), later almost half of the individuals were placed in a white tank (WT) where they showed a pigmentation change to white. After being moved to another brown tank (BT2), the juveniles changed to their brown original colour, but kept a few small white spots on the dorsal axis of the body. The ventral head melanophore pattern also changed in the white specimens. Temperature (°C), oxygen (mg l−1) and Illuminance light (Lux m−2), total length (mm) and total weight (g) were determined by tank. Chromaticity was measured in L*(relative luminance) a*(measurement relating to the redness or greenness of the light) b*(measurement relating to the yellowness or blueness of the light) coordinates where all three values are required to completely describe an object’s colour. One-way ANOVA showed no differences for temperature, oxygen and illuminance light among tanks. Length and weight were similar for BT1 and WT but both were different from BT2. The white juveniles depicted similar L* as the WT background as well as the dorsal area of the brown pigmentation and converted juveniles to the brown tanks BT1 and BT2, respectively. Therefore, the fish's body relative luminance matches the background. To our knowledge this behaviour has not been reported before for any fish mullet either cultured or living in the wild.
A MONUMENTAL MID-REPUBLICAN BUILDING COMPLEX AT GABII
Authors: Johnston Andrew C. , Mogetta Marcello , Banducci Laura , Opitz Rachel , Gallone Anna , Farr Jason , Casagrande Cicci Emanuele , Terrenato Nicola
Published: January 2018

Excavations at the Latin city of Gabii in 2012–15 conducted by the Gabii Project have uncovered a monumental building complex, hitherto known only very partially from previous excavations in the 1990s. Organized on a series of three artificial terraces that regularized the slope of the volcanic terrain, it measures some 60 m by 35 m, occupying an entire city-block. It is prominently situated at one of the most central locations within the city, on the main urban thoroughfare at the important intersection of the roads from Tibur, Praeneste and Rome. Stratigraphic evidence and construction techniques date the original phase of the building to the mid-third century BC. This report focuses on a contextualization and description of this first, mid-Republican phase and offers a preliminary interpretation of this complex as a public building, with spaces designed for a variety of functions: bathing, public feasting, and ritual activity. If this is correct, it now represents one of the very few examples of public buildings other than temples and fortifications known from the mid-Republican period, and sheds important light on the development of Roman architecture and of the Latin cities in a crucial and obscure period.
Improved yield and control of spectra from high-intensity laser-generated neutron beams
Authors: Albright Brian J. , Yin Lin , Favalli Andrea
Published: January 2018

Kinetic modeling of laser-ion beam generation from the “break-out afterburner” (BOA) has been modeled for several deuteron-rich solid-density target foils. Modeling the transport of these beams in a beryllium converter shows as much as a fourfold increase in neutron yield over the present state of the art through the use of alternative target materials. Additionally, species-separation dynamics during the BOA can be exploited to control the hardness of the neutron spectra, of interest for, for example, enhancing penetrability in shielded material in active neutron interrogation settings.
Development of C-lignin with G/S-lignin and lipids in orchid seed coats – an unexpected diversity exposed by ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy
Authors: Barsberg S.T. , Lee Y.-I. , Rasmussen H.N.
Published: January 2018

Members of the orchid family occupy many germination niches, in terrestrial, epiphytic and epilithic environments. How orchid seeds attach to their substrate and survive after dispersal is largely unknown. C-lignin is a recently discovered specialized lignin, found in seed coats of some plants, including orchid species, but its functional and biological significance is obscure. We studied seed coat ontogenesis in three species (Neuwiedia veratrifolia,Cypripedium formosanumandPhalaenopsis aphrodite) that represent basal and advanced branches in orchid phylogeny and divergent life forms. From each species, controlled pollination yielded several stages of seed development, from which seed coats (testa) were isolated and analysed by ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy. The use of the ATR set-up ensured that the chemical information originated only from the integral outer seed surface layers. The FT-IR bands of C-lignin are presented here for the first time, and distinguished from bands of G/S-lignin. In the seed coats, C-lignin developed after G/S-lignin inN. veratrifoliaandC. formosanum, while only G/S-lignin developed inP. aphrodite. We discuss C-lignin properties and possible function in relation to seed coat properties. The species differed with respect to sequence and amounts of deposition, not only of lignins but also lipids, resulting in differences in mature seed coat compositions. Thus we revealed an unexpected and marked diversity among orchids with respect to seed surface chemistry, with possible implications for seed and germination ecology.
Walking into the Footprint of EU Law: Unpacking the Gendered Consequences of Brexit
Authors: Guerrina Roberta , Masselot Annick
Published: January 2018

This article explores the gendered nature of the process of withdrawing from the European Union. Considering the EU is widely accepted as a gender actor, particularly in the context of employment policy, the marginality of these issues in current debates reflects a hierarchy in the value attributed to different policy areas that crystallizes the high-low politics binary. European led initiatives have undoubtedly changed the nature of equality policies in the Member States. Recent studies have also outlined how, and to what extent, EU policy contributes to shifts in gender regimes, gender policy and gender relations at the national level. Women in the UK have benefited greatly from membership of the EU/EEC; thus, looking at Brexit as a process provides a unique opportunity to reflect on the relationship, and patterns of influence, between European and national legislation.
THE LANGUAGE OF LIBERALITY IN BRITAIN,C.1760–C.1815
Authors: CRAIG DAVID
Published: January 2018

While the word “liberalism” only appeared in Britain from the 1820s, this article argues that its prehistory must pay attention to the language of “liberality.” It suggests that until the 1760s, to be “liberal,” and to demonstrate “liberality,” were primarily associated with the exercise of charity, but that thereafter they increasingly came to refer to having an open mind: there were frequent appeals to the “liberal” and “enlightened” spirit of the times. Those latitudinarians and Dissenters pushing for more toleration in the 1770s were particularly attracted to “liberal” language, and pioneered the idea that “liberality of sentiment” was a necessary accompaniment to the pluralism thrown up by the right of private judgment. Only from the mid-1790s did anti-Jacobins start to fixate on this terminology, arguing that liberality was insidious because under the cover of a virtue it nurtured the indifference which enabled the enemies of religion to triumph. These arguments did not appeal beyond orthodox circles, but they indicate how established the language of “liberality” had become—it provides a framework for understanding the reception of “liberalism” after 1815.
Seidlitzella hoffeinsorum sp. nov., the first representative of the beetle tribe Gymnochilini (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae) from Baltic amber
Authors: Kolibáč Jiří , Alekseev Vitalii
Published: January 2018

Based on two well-preserved specimens from late Eocene Baltic amber, a new fossil species belonging to the family Trogossitidae, Seidlitzella hoffeinsorum sp. nov., is described. This is the second known fossil species of the tribe Gymnochilini and the second known species of the genus Seidlitzella. The systematic and biogeographical relations of the genus to other members of the Gymnochilini are discussed. It is hypothesised that the extant eastern Mediterranean species Seidlitzella procera may be phylogenetically related to the genus Phanodesta, today distributed in New Zealand, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, Juan Fernandez Island and Sulawesi.
Anogenital distance in newborn daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome indicates fetal testosterone exposure
Authors: Barrett E. S. , Hoeger K. M. , Sathyanarayana S. , Abbott D. H. , Redmon J. B. , Nguyen R. H. N. , Swan S. H.
Published: January 2018

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects ~7% of reproductive age women. Although its etiology is unknown, in animals, excess prenatal testosterone (T) exposure induces PCOS-like phenotypes. While measuring fetal T in humans is infeasible, demonstratingin uteroandrogen exposure using a reliable newborn biomarker, anogenital distance (AGD), would provide evidence for a fetal origin of PCOS and potentially identify girls at risk. Using data from a pregnancy cohort (The Infant Development and Environment Study), we tested the novel hypothesis that infant girls born to women with PCOS have longer AGD, suggesting higher fetal T exposure, than girls born to women without PCOS. During pregnancy, women reported whether they ever had a PCOS diagnosis. After birth, infant girls underwent two AGD measurements: anofourchette distance (AGD-AF) and anoclitoral distance (AGD-AC). We fit adjusted linear regression models to examine the association between maternal PCOS and girls’ AGD. In total, 300 mother–daughter dyads had complete data and 23 mothers reported PCOS. AGD was longer in the daughters of women with a PCOS diagnosis compared with daughters of women with no diagnosis (AGD-AF: β=1.21,P=0.05; AGD-AC: β=1.05,P=0.18). Results were stronger in analyses limited to term births (AGD-AF: β=1.65,P=0.02; AGD-AC: β=1.43,P=0.09). Our study is the first to examine AGD in offspring of women with PCOS. Our results are consistent with findings that women with PCOS have longer AGD and suggest that during PCOS pregnancies, daughters may experience elevated T exposure. Identifying the underlying causes of PCOS may facilitate early identification and intervention for those at risk.
Bruno Faria Receives 2017 Africa Award for Research Excellence in Earth Science
Authors:   AGU
Published: January 2018

Bruno Faria received the 2017 Africa Award for Research Excellence in Earth Science at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 13 December 2017 in New Orleans, La. The award honors an early-career scientist from the African continent for “completing significant work that shows the focus and promise of making outstanding contributions to research in Earth or ocean sciences.”
Deciphering the nature of the coral–Chromeraassociation
Authors: Mohamed Amin R , Cumbo Vivian R , Harii Saki , Shinzato Chuya , Chan Cheong Xin , Ragan Mark A , Satoh Nori , Ball Eldon E , Miller David J
Published: January 2018

Since the discovery of Chromera velia as a novel coral-associated microalga, this organism has attracted interest because of its unique evolutionary position between the photosynthetic dinoflagellates and the parasitic apicomplexans. The nature of the relationship between Chromera and its coral host is controversial. Is it a mutualism, from which both participants benefit, a parasitic relationship, or a chance association? To better understand the interaction, larvae of the common Indo-Pacific reef-building coral Acropora digitifera were experimentally infected with Chromera, and the impact on the host transcriptome was assessed at 4, 12, and 48 h post-infection using Illumina RNA-Seq technology. The transcriptomic response of the coral to Chromera was complex and implies that host immunity is strongly suppressed, and both phagosome maturation and the apoptotic machinery is modified. These responses differ markedly from those described for infection with a competent strain of the coral mutualist Symbiodinium, instead resembling those of vertebrate hosts to parasites and/or pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Consistent with ecological studies suggesting that the association may be accidental, the transcriptional response of A. digitifera larvae leads us to conclude that Chromera could be a coral parasite, commensal, or accidental bystander, but certainly not a beneficial mutualist.
Gamma oscillatory activity in vitro: a model system to assess pathophysiological mechanisms of comorbidity between autism and epilepsy
Authors: Subramanian D. , Pralong E. , Daniel R. T. , Chacko A. G. , Stoop R. , Babu K. S.
Published: January 2018

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and temporal lobe epilepsy exhibit remarkable comorbidity, but for reasons not clearly understood. To reveal a common pathophysiological mechanism, we here describe and characterize an in vitro epileptiform activity in the rat hippocampus that exhibits common features with in vivo activity in rodent ASD models. We discovered the development of this activity in the CA1 region of horizontal slices after prolonged interictal-like epileptiform activity in the CA3 region that was provoked by incubation in high potassium artificial cerebrospinal fluid. The CA1 epileptiform bursts were insensitive to blockers of glutamatergic transmission, and were carried by synaptic as well as extrasynaptic, tonically activated gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors. The bursts bear resemblance to in vivo gamma-oscillatory activity found in rat ASD models with respect to their gamma frequency spectrum, their origin (in the CA1), and their sensitivity to blockers of cation-chloride pumps (NKCC1 and KCC2), as well as to oxytocin. Considering this bursting activity as an in vitro model for studying comorbidity between epilepsy and ASD may help to disentangle the intricate interactions that underlie the comorbidity between both diseases and suggests that extrasynaptic tonic GABAergic transmission could represent a potential target for ASD.