bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of IgE to hazelnut allergen components cannot replace hazelnut challenge in Dutch adults
Authors: Lyons Sarah A. , Welsing Paco M. J. , Hakobyan Mariam , Kansen Hannah M. , Knol Edward F. , Otten Henny G. , van Ree Ronald , Knulst André C. , Le Thuy‐My
Published: November 2021

Background

Component‐resolved diagnostics (CRD) help predict hazelnut allergy (HA) in children, but are of unknown diagnostic value in adults. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of IgE to hazelnut extract and components in adults.

Methods

A Dutch population of consecutively presenting adults suspected of HA, who underwent a double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge, were included. Serum IgE to hazelnut extract and Cor a 1, 8, 9, and 14 was measured on ImmunoCAP. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by area under the curve (AUC) analysis.

Results

Of 89 patients undergoing challenge, 46 had challenge‐confirmed HA: 17 based on objective and 29 based on subjective symptoms. At commonly applied cutoffs 0.1 and 0.35 kUA/L, high sensitivity was observed for IgE to hazelnut extract and Cor a 1 (range 85–91%), and high specificity for IgE to Cor a 8, 9 and 14 (range 77–95%). However, the AUCs for hazelnut extract and components were too low for accurate prediction of HA (range 0.50–0.56). Combining hazelnut extract and component IgE measurements did not significantly improve accuracy. Higher IgE levels to Cor a 9 and 14 were tentatively associated with HA with objective symptoms, but the corresponding AUCs still only reached 0.68 and 0.63, respectively.

Conclusions

Although hazelnut allergic adults are generally sensitized to hazelnut extract and Cor a 1, and hazelnut tolerant adults are usually not sensitized to Cor a 8, 9, or 14, challenge testing is still needed to accurately discriminate between presence and absence of HA in adults from a birch‐endemic country.
Clinical value of early assessment of hyperfibrinolysis by rotational thromboelastometry during postpartum hemorrhage for the prediction of severity of bleeding: A multicenter prospective cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: Tahitu Marije , Ramler Paul I. , Gillissen Ada , Caram‐Deelder Camila , Henriquez Dacia D. C. A. , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Duvekot Johannes J. , Eikenboom Jeroen , Bloemenkamp Kitty W. M. , van den Akker Thomas , van der Bom Johanna G.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Coagulopathy may be the result of hyperfibrinolysis and could exacerbate bleeding following childbirth. Timely recognition of hyperfibrinolysis during the earliest stages of postpartum hemorrhage could identify women at risk of more severe blood loss who may benefit from targeted anti‐fibrinolytic therapy. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) is a point‐of‐care test that could detect hyperfibrinolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether early assessment of hyperfibrinolysis by ROTEM during postpartum hemorrhage could predict progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage.

Material and methods

During a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands among women with postpartum hemorrhage (total blood loss at least 1000 ml within 24 h after childbirth) ROTEM measurements were performed following 800–1500 ml of blood loss. Hyperfibrinolysis was defined as an enzymatic fibrinolysis index (ROTEM EXTEM maximum clot lysis [ML] minus the ROTEM APTEM ML) above 15%. Severe postpartum hemorrhage was defined as a composite end point of total blood loss greater than 2000 ml, transfusion of four or more units of packed cells, and/or need for an invasive intervention. The predictive value of hyperfibrinolysis for progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage was assessed by area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and positive and negative predictive values. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02149472).

Results

Of 390 women included, 82 (21%) had severe postpartum hemorrhage. Four (1%) women had thromboelastometric evidence of hyperfibrinolysis, of whom two developed severe postpartum hemorrhage. The AUC for enzymatic fibrinolysis index more than 15% for progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage was 0.47 (95% CI 0.40–0.54). Positive and negative predictive values for this index were 50.0% (95% CI 6.8–93.2) and 79.3% (95% CI 74.9–83.2), respectively.

Conclusions

Thromboelastometric evidence of hyperfibrinolysis was rare in women with postpartum hemorrhage when assessed between 800 and 1500 ml of blood loss. The clinical predictive value of viscoelastometric point‐of‐care testing for hyperfibrinolysis for progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage during early postpartum hemorrhage is limited.
Accurate classification of plasma cell dyscrasias is achieved by combining artificial intelligence and flow cytometry
Authors: Clichet Valentin , Harrivel Véronique , Delette Caroline , Guiheneuf Eric , Gautier Murielle , Morel Pierre , Assouan Déborah , Merlusca Lavinia , Beaumont Marie , Lebon Delphine , Caulier Alexis , Marolleau Jean‐Pierre , Matthes Thomas , Vergez François , Garçon Loïc , Boyer Thomas
Published: November 2021

Monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS), smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM), and multiple myeloma (MM) are very common neoplasms. However, it is often difficult to distinguish between these entities. In the present study, we aimed to classify the most powerful markers that could improve diagnosis by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC). The present study included 348 patients based on two independent cohorts. We first assessed how representative the data were in the discovery cohort (123 MM, 97 MGUS) and then analysed their respective plasma cell (PC) phenotype in order to obtain a set of correlations with a hypersphere visualisation. Cluster of differentiation (CD)27 and CD38 were differentially expressed in MGUS and MM (P < 0·001). We found by a gradient boosting machine method that the percentage of abnormal PCs and the ratio PC/CD117 positive precursors were the most influential parameters at diagnosis to distinguish MGUS and MM. Finally, we designed a decisional algorithm allowing a predictive classification ≥95% when PC dyscrasias were suspected, without any misclassification between MGUS and SMM. We validated this algorithm in an independent cohort of PC dyscrasias (n = 87 MM, n = 41 MGUS). This artificial intelligence model is freely available online as a diagnostic tool application website for all MFC centers worldwide (https://aihematology.shinyapps.io/PCdyscrasiasToolDg/).
Telomeres in a spatial context: a tool for understanding ageing pattern variation in wild populations
Authors: Burraco Pablo , Lucas Pablo M. , Salmón Pablo
Published: November 2021

Ageing refers to the loss of organismal functionality with age, a process that is characterised by decreased reproduction and survival probability. In natural populations, it is expected that environmental conditions influence an individual's ageing trajectory. Understanding the role of environmental heterogeneity on ageing variation could provide critical insights into population resilience and species distribution but remains overlooked. Telomeres, the end cap of chromosomes, are a promising integrative physiological marker of an individual's health and a possible proxy to aid the understanding of variation in ageing trajectories. Here, we review the existing information on telomere length and its dynamics in wild populations distributed across spatial scales. Despite a relative scarcity of information, there is evidence for divergence in telomere length between populations facing contrasting environments. Nonetheless, a higher spatial resolution and temporal replication are needed to fully understand the role that environmental conditions play on telomere length variation. Since most of the existing studies are correlational, future field and laboratory experiments are required. For the first time, we demonstrate the use of population telomere data to predict species habitat suitability through species distribution models (SDMs). This represents a promising new research area in the study of ageing pattern variation in wild populations. Furthermore, the inclusion of telomere data in future physiological SDMs may improve our understanding of species distribution and population resilience. However, the use of telomeres within this context could be limited if no previous knowledge on the relevance of telomeres as markers of health and survival at the species level is available. Finally, we suggest some key practical and theoretical considerations that, ideally, future studies combining biogeographic and telomere data should pay attention.
Supporting family and friends of young people with mental health issues using online technology: A rapid scoping literature review
Authors: Migliorini Christine , Lam Danielle ( Sui‐Man) , Harvey Carol
Published: November 2021

Aim

Family and friends are often the first and/or only support options used by young people (12–25 years) struggling with mental health issues. The overarching aim of this literature review is to map current practice in online interventions specifically targeting family and friends of young people with mental health issues, especially relevant in light of the current worldwide COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A rapid scoping literature review was conducted searching health and psychology databases for online interventions targeting family and friends supporting a young person (12–25 years) struggling with a mental health issue. The search strategy was comprehensive and expert librarian endorsed. The final synthesis comprised 13 articles.

Results

Identified articles were few, reporting a disparate range of research aims, intervention content and delivery modes. Studies addressing caregivers of adolescents with a mental health diagnosis were small‐scale, although suggested virtual modalities are positively received and viable alternatives to other delivery methods with potential for equivalent outcomes. Five randomized control trials involving caregivers of ‘at‐risk’ adolescents reported improved parental knowledge, but mixed effects on family functioning.

Conclusions

Preliminary evidence suggests flexible online options including professional and peer support, to respond to carers' busy lives are needed to maximize benefits. Content that is sufficiently individualized and targeted to address the diverse needs of parents, as well as other caregivers, is also required. Well‐being and self‐care, in addition to parenting skills should be given more consideration in online interventions. Examination of the value of support from peers is also warranted.
Herbivore management for biodiversity conservation: A case study of kangaroos in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT)
Authors: Gordon Iain , Snape Melissa , Fletcher Don , Howland Brett , Coulson Graeme , Festa‐Bianchet Marco , Caley Peter , McIntyre Sue , Pople Tony , Wimpenny Claire , Baines Greg , Alcock Doug
Published: November 2021

Populations of macropods are higher than estimated pre‐European densities in many parts of Australia. To achieve appropriate densities of macropods in the Australian Capital Territory's nature reserves, multi‐tenure kangaroo management units are used to tailor management of kangaroos and total grazing pressure to achieve conservation objectives. An adaptive management framework is recommended that monitors the state of the ground‐layer vegetation and alters the cull accordingly. This case study may provide insights for kangaroo management in other temperate areas of Australia.
Proactive management of kangaroos for conservation and ecosystem restoration – Wild Deserts, Sturt National Park, NSW
Authors: Pedler Reece , Read John , Moseby Katherine , Kingsford Richard , West Rebecca
Published: November 2021

Kangaroo populations have increased significantly across Australia’s arid rangelands where the Dingo (Canis dingo) is excluded, with some of the highest concentrations in western New South Wales. Novel adaptive management tools are needed to conserve kangaroo (Macropus and Osphranter spp.) populations and avoid negative impacts to biodiversity, agricultural production and animal welfare associated with their overabundance. Kangaroo densities within the Wild Deserts ecosystem restoration project within Sturt National Park in western New South Wales exceeded 100/km2 in mid‐2016, during an 18‐year regional population high. Following mass population declines attributed to emigration, an estimated 7,700 (±2,100 SE) kangaroos died within the 350‐km2 Wild Deserts site over an 8‐month period during drought (December 2017–August 2018). Population trends recorded at Wild Deserts were similar to population declines recorded during annual aerial survey counts across western New South Wales over the same period. With New South Wales (NSW) National Parks and Wildlife Service, Wild Deserts developed a kangaroo management plan to avoid future catastrophic mortality from starvation and mitigate associated ecosystem impacts. Conservation management centred upon a 104‐km2 Adaptive Management Zone, fenced to trial adaptive management of sustainable kangaroo populations and restore habitats for the reintroduction of locally extinct mammals. Kangaroos were removed from two 20‐km2 exclosures, adjacent to the Adaptive Management Zone, to provide baselines against which kangaroo populations could be assessed under variable environmental conditions. To effect this management, we assessed the effectiveness of one‐way weldmesh spear and flap gates to provide passive unidirectional movement through fences. Of 171 approaches by adult Red Kangaroos to spear gates, 57 resulted in successful exits, while none of 51 approaches resulted in return movements, supporting the utility of spear gates as a practical and effective tool for directional exits of kangaroos through fences.
Improving Kangaroo Management: A Joint Statement
Authors: Read John L. , Wilson George R. , Coulson Graeme , Cooney Rosie , Paton David C. , Moseby Katherine E. , Snape Melissa A. , Edwards Melanie J.
Published: November 2021

This Statement on improving kangaroo management originates from the shared experience of many peak bodies and stakeholders that existing policy and practices related to kangaroo management cause perverse outcomes for animal welfare, conservation, productivity, waste, drought resilience, climate, and the health, culture and wellbeing of Australians. The Statement was developed in consultation with delegates from two kangaroo symposia in 2019, and broadened through contributions from other ecological, Aboriginal, animal welfare and conservation stakeholders who believe reform is necessary. Positive change across all these domains requires an empathetic, science‐based collaborative and coordinated approach to improve management of kangaroos in Australia, which in turn requires building a broad social mandate for reform. This manuscript presents the drivers and definitions for the Statement and key references documenting the causes and recommended solutions for improving kangaroo management, including many of the papers in this volume. An extensive inventory of conservation, agricultural, animal welfare, indigenous and scientific organisations that have endorsed the Statement is provided. We aim to inform public opinions and drive necessary change to policy, attitude and actions to appropriately value, conserve and utilise kangaroos where there is a tendency for overpopulation. Recommendations include development of a National Kangaroo Strategy that includes discussion on whether overabundant kangaroos are a legitimate sustainable resource that should be managed as such rather than being largely wasted as the by‐product of pest control to protect other industries or conservation landuses.
Advances in aerial survey methods for macropods in New South Wales and Queensland
Authors: Finch Neal , Pople Anthony , McLeod Steven R. , Wallace Glenn
Published: November 2021

This paper describes advances made to aerial surveys of macropods in New South Wales and Queensland. Regular aerial surveys of macropods across large areas of Australia’s arid and semi‐arid rangelands were established as a response to concerns for the species’ conservation. They became integral to the harvest management of the four macropod species – Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), Western Grey Kangaroo (M.fuliginosus), Red Kangaroo (Osphranter rufus) and Common Wallaroo (O.robustus). Harvest quotas are set as a proportion of population size, requiring absolute estimates of abundance. Counts were made in strip transects from fixed‐wing aircraft, but required correction for animals that are missed. In New South Wales and Queensland, counts are now made using line transect sampling, providing survey‐specific correction. Helicopters are used in more rugged and timbered areas and where Common Wallaroo can be more frequently found and harvested. Mark‐recapture distance sampling is used in more open country that can be surveyed using fixed‐wing aircraft and improves the accuracy of density estimates by accounting for animals missed on the transect line. Macropod populations are likely to be surveyed in the future by airborne imagery and by drones, but the technology needs further development. Spatial models could usefully provide small‐scale density estimates and address non‐random sampling.
Assessing the spatial and temporal organization of Red Kangaroo, Western Grey Kangaroo and Eastern Grey Kangaroo populations in eastern Australia using multivariate autoregressive state‐space models
Authors: McLeod Steven R. , Finch Neal , Wallace Glenn , Pople Anthony R.
Published: November 2021

To identify patterns in the temporal dynamics and spatial organization of kangaroo subpopulations that are commercially harvested, we fitted multivariate autoregressive state‐space (MARSS) models to time series of kangaroo abundance from the main harvest zones of eastern Australia (1990–2019 for New South Wales and 1984–2019 for Queensland). We found that the responses of most populations to process variation, that is variation due to environmental or demographic stochasticity were correlated and that populations responded synchronously to environmental changes. Furthermore, we examined the influence of the covariates lagged rainfall, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and harvest rate on kangaroo abundance. We found that lagged rainfall had a positive influence, SOI and harvest rate had negative influences but the influence of covariates was not consistent across species or between subpopulations. In terms of population spatial structure, the analysis identified two subpopulations of Red Kangaroo (Osphranter rufus) in New South Wales and four subpopulations of grey kangaroos (a combination of Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) and Western Grey Kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus)), which appeared to be associated with a rainfall gradient from east‐west. In Queensland, separate subpopulations were identified in each of the three main harvest management zones for both Red Kangaroo and Eastern Grey Kangaroo. The implications of these results for the management of commercially harvested kangaroos are discussed.
Top managers' career variety and time to the top
Authors: Schmid Stefan , Mitterreiter Simon
Published: November 2021

The present paper brings novel insights to career literature, in particular to the field of top managers' careers: first, by relying on the boundaryless career approach, we investigate how those managers who reach the top differ in terms of career variety before being appointed to the board. Second, by combining the boundaryless career approach with human capital theory, we analyze the association between top managers' career variety and the time it takes them to reach a board level position. For our empirical study, we use a sample of top managers from German DAX‐30 firms. Our results reveal four distinct clusters of top managers, indicating that, before reaching the management board, no uniform career path exists. We also demonstrate that more career variety does not shorten an individual's way up to upper echelons; rather, it extends the time it takes to ascend to the top.
A guide to adhesion GPCR research
Authors: Liebscher Ines , Cevheroğlu Orkun , Hsiao Cheng‐Chih , Maia André F. , Schihada Hannes , Scholz Nicole , Soave Mark , Spiess Katja , Trajković Katarina , Kosloff Mickey , Prömel Simone
Published: November 2021

Adhesion G protein‐coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are a class of structurally and functionally highly intriguing cell surface receptors with essential functions in health and disease. Thus, they display a vastly unexploited pharmacological potential. Our current understanding of the physiological functions and signaling mechanisms of aGPCRs form the basis for elucidating further molecular aspects. Combining these with novel tools and methodologies from different fields tailored for studying these unusual receptors yields a powerful potential for pushing aGPCR research from singular approaches toward building up an in‐depth knowledge that will facilitate its translation to applied science. In this review, we summarize the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on aGPCRs in respect to structure–function relations, physiology, and clinical aspects, as well as the latest advances in the field. We highlight the upcoming most pressing topics in aGPCR research and identify strategies to tackle them. Furthermore, we discuss approaches how to promote, stimulate, and translate research on aGPCRs ‘from bench to bedside’ in the future.
Global trends health science libraries: Part 1
Authors: Murphy Jeannette
Published: November 2021

This is the first of three articles based on articles published in the Health Information and Libraries Journal's Regular Feature (International Perspectives and Initiatives). Key trends from 12 countries in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia were identified. In this issue, two trends are described: emergence of new roles and challenges for library staff; supporting researchers engaging in research data management and maintaining institutional repositories. Readers are challenged to compare these trends with their own experiences.J.M.
Occurrence and disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory pathogens in adults aged ≥65 years in community: A prospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Kurai Daisuke , Natori Makiko , Yamada Maho , Zheng Richuan , Saito Yuki , Takahashi Hiroshi
Published: November 2021

Background

The frequency and clinical profile of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–acute respiratory disease (ARD) in older adults in Japan has not been well‐characterized.

Methods

This was a multicenter prospective observational cohort study to evaluate the occurrence rate of ARD in 1000 older adult participants (≥65 years) for 52 weeks during the 2019 to 2020 season. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel was used for pathogen detection in nasopharyngeal swab from participants diagnosed with ARD. Symptoms and impact of ARD was assessed using the Respiratory Infection Intensity and Impact Questionnaire (RiiQ™). The study was registered at UMIN (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/): UMIN000037891.

Results

RSV–ARD was detected in 24/1000 (2.4%) participants and RSV‐lower respiratory tract disease in 8/1000 (0.8%) participants. The median duration of RSV–ARD was 18 days. All 24 participants had utilized the medical services of outpatient visits and only 1 (4.2%) participant was hospitalized for RSV–ARD. The most common viruses other than RSV that caused ARD (detected in >10 participants) were human rhinovirus/enterovirus, parainfluenza 3, coronavirus OC43, human metapneumovirus, and influenza A/H1. The most frequent symptoms of RSV–ARD were cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and expectoration.

Conclusions

RSV was reported as a major pathogen for respiratory infections in older adults in Japan.
Use of thin silicone dressings for prolonged use of filtering facepiece respirators: Lessons from the universal community testing programme during the COVID‐19
Authors: Yip Ka‐Huen , Yip Yuk‐Chiu
Published: November 2021

A universal community testing programme (UCTP) was initiated by the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, as part of a territory‐wide initiative to enhance the control of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, to facilitate the early identification of asymptomatic patients in the community‐transmission chain. The authors (who were also engaged in this programme) observed that, at the end of their 6‐hour shift, most of the HCPs sustained medical device‐related pressure injuries (MDRPI), frequently on their faces, over the bridge of their nose, the upper cheeks, above the ears, lower jaws, and chin that caused pain and erythema. In this study, our team examined whether two different types of dressing (light silicone foam dressing and soft silicone perforated tape dressing) applied on the anatomical locations (including the bridge of the nose, upper cheek, above the ears, and lower jaw) would enable the wearer to pass the quantitative respirator fit testing that was conducted using a PortaCount Pro+ Respirator Fit Tester 8038. We also investigated if any skin reactions occurred after the participants worn the respirator with our applied dressing materials for 240 minutes in a safe laboratory setting. Lastly, we collected the qualitative feedback concerning how the participants felt about the performance of our dressing materials in preventing MDRPI associated with the prolonged use of tight‐fitting FFRs. A small convenience sample of HCPs (n = 24) who participated in the UCTP was recruited. We randomly selected 12 participants for one type of dressing, and the rest for the second type of dressing. Quantitative fit testing showed an adequate seal of the respirators with the use of both types of thin dressings that were available in the clinical settings. All of the participants except one tolerated the dressings for prolonged use without any report of adverse skin reactions. Our findings may move a step forward in assisting the process of developing feasible pre‐emptive skincare practice guidelines to reduce MDRPI during the prolonged use of nanofiber bacterial surgical respirators.
Nursing and midwifery students’ perspectives of using digital systems on placement: A qualitative study
Authors: Peacock Ann , Slade Christine , Brown Wilson Christine
Published: November 2021

Aim

To explore undergraduate nursing and midwifery student perspectives of using digital patient systems on clinical placements.

Design

This was an interpretative qualitative design study.

Methods

Undergraduate nursing and midwifery students in a large Australian metropolitan university were invited to participate in two focus groups from April to June 2019. Twenty (20) students participated and data on their perspective of using digital systems on placement were collected. Thematic analysis using NVivo 12 software was undertaken.

Findings

Students identified benefits and challenges when moving between paper records and digital systems. Whilst paper reporting was more efficient for some processes, the students recognised the advantages of digital technology, such as enabling greater confidentiality and consolidation of patient data in one place. However, they also reported difficulty with student access and the size of the portal digital workstation at the bedside. Generally, the lack of preparation and access was considered frustrating and mitigated some of the benefits described when using digital systems.

Conclusions

Nursing and midwifery students prefer to be prepared for both paper and digital record keeping. Whilst students identify the benefits of digital platforms, not having direct access mitigates the benefits of these systems. Students identified the use of simulation and interactive modules prior to commencement of clinical practice to enable them to feel more confident with using the systems in patient care.

Impact

Health care students require direct access to digital health platforms whilst on clinical placement to facilitate their learning. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are in a unique position to work with health care providers to better prepare health care professionals, including nurses and midwives, to work with digital health care systems. Further research is needed to develop the educational preparation for nurses, midwives, and other health care professionals to work with digital systems in practice.
RETRACTED: Repression of CRNDE enhances the anti‐tumour activity of CD8 + T cells against oral squamous cell carcinoma through regulating miR‐545‐5p and TIM‐3
Authors: Ai Yilong , Wu Siyuan , Gao Hai , Wei Haigang , Tang Zhe , Li Xia , Zou Chen
Published: November 2021

Immunotherapy has been identified a promising treatment of cancers, including Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). CRNDE is highly overexpressed in various cancers. Many lncRNAs have been reported in CD8 T lymphocytes. Little is investigated about their effects in the functions of CD8 + T cells in OSCC. Currently, the influence of lncRNA CRNDE on the function of CD8 + T cells in OSCC progression was investigated. Here, CRNDE was obviously elevated and negatively correlated with IFN‐γ production in tumour‐infiltrating CD8 + T cells isolated from OSCC patients. CRNDE can exhibit a crucial role in activating CD8 + T‐cell exhaustion. Mechanistically, CRNDE specifically sponged miR‐545‐5p to induce T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐3 (TIM‐3), thus contributing to CD8 + T‐cell exhaustion. The function of miR‐545‐5p on T‐cell function remains poorly known. TIM‐3 is a significant immune checkpoint, and it inhibits cancer immunity. TIM‐3 can demonstrate an important role in CD8 + T‐cell exhaustion. In summary, loss of CRNDE could induce miR‐545‐5p and inhibit TIM3 expression, thus significantly activated the anti‐tumour effect of CD8 + T cells.
The production of white mulberry molasses powders with prebiotic carrier by dehumidified air‐assisted spray drying
Authors: Samborska Katarzyna , Edris Amr , Jedlińska Aleksandra , Barańska Alicja
Published: November 2021

White mulberry molasses was powdered with the addition of prebiotic carrier by conventional spray drying (inlet/outlet air temperature: 180/80°C) and by dehumidified air‐assisted spray drying at low temperature (inlet/outlet: 80/45°C). As a consequence of decreasing the drying temperature, it was possible to obtain powder containing 90% of molasses (solids, wt/wt), which was not presented for this kind of material before. Moreover, highly satisfactory powder recovery (64.0–96.5%) was observed for the variants spray dried at low temperature. Physicochemical properties of powders were investigated. All of obtained powders characterized with water activity (Aw) below 0.25, which classify them as physiochemically and microbiologically stable. Powder spray dried traditionally was characterized with irregular particles of bigger dimension than powders obtained at low drying temperature. Furthermore, total phenolics content and antioxidant capacity of molasses before and after drying were studied. The expression of retention coefficient was proposed to describe the effect of drying on total phenolics content of dried material. In this calculation the presence of carrier is excluded because it is not the source of phenolics in powder. Spray drying at low drying temperature enabled better preservation of the polyphenolics (TPC varying from 1,491 ± 38 to 2,852 ± 48 mg GAE/100 g solids) and antioxidant capacity (EC50 ABTS ranging from 0.15 ± 0.01 to 0.10 ± 0.01 mg solids/mL) of white mulberry molasses than conventional spray drying (TPC 1,412 ± 13 mg GAE/100 g solids and EC50 ABTS 0.23 ± 0.04 mg solids/mL).

Practical Applications

White mulberry molasses powders may be a more practical alternative to concentrated molasses because of the high viscosity of molasses leading to problems with dosing, storage, and transportation. Molasses powdered at low temperature contains only 10% of a carrier, and as a result of high antioxidant capacity may be implemented in functional foods.
Intensive care nurses’ awareness of identification of early sepsis findings
Authors: Öztürk Birge Ayşegül , Karabag Aydin Arzu , Köroğlu Çamdeviren Esra
Published: November 2021

Aim

To determine intensive care nurses’ awareness of identification of early sepsis findings.

Background

The incidence of sepsis is increasing in intensive care units, and if not identified early, it increases morbidity, mortality and cost of care. Intervention within one hour after the diagnosis of sepsis increases survival. Nurses’ ability to identify early findings of sepsis affects the time of diagnosis of sepsis.

Design

The study used a cross‐sectional design.

Methods

The sample of the study consisted of 544 nurses working in adult intensive care units of hospitals in Turkey. The study data were collected online between 11 January–8 April 2021 using the snowball method. Data were statically analysed. All procedures of the study adhered to the STROBE guidelines.

Results

The nurses who had been working for 11 years or more, had worked with a patient diagnosed with sepsis in the last month and used a measurement tool in the diagnosis thought that it was significantly easier to determine the early warning findings of sepsis. In the study, the majority of nurses correctly identified the early findings of sepsis, but the rates of the correct responses to the variables of lactate >2 mM, leucopenia and hypothermia were low. Female gender, having a graduate degree, unit type, total work experience, having received training on sepsis and working with a patient diagnosed with sepsis in the last month made a significant difference in determining the early warning findings of sepsis accurately.

Conclusions

Nurses had a good rate of identifying early sepsis findings. Yet, they could not distinguish between early sepsis and late sepsis findings.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results of the study can support nursing practices in the diagnostic process by considering the factors affecting nurses’ ability to distinguish early sepsis findings from late sepsis findings and to identify them correctly.
Inflammatory lesions in placental pathology
Authors: Sato Yuichiro
Published: November 2021

Placental inflammatory lesions are important findings that lead fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, and can be divided into two broad subcategories, acute inflammation caused by microorganisms and chronic inflammation caused by host immune responses. Recently, a diagnostic framework for these lesions has been established, and uniform diagnostic criteria have been recommended by the Amsterdam International Consensus Group. Chorioamnionitis is representative of the acute inflammatory lesion, and is the most frequent pathological diagnosis in placental pathology. The hallmark of chorioamnionitis is neutrophil infiltration in the membrane/chorioamnionic plate and fetal vessels. The inflammatory response can be both maternal (inflammation in the membrane or chorioamnionic plate) and fetal (inflammation in the fetal vessels—umbilical vessels or chorionic vessel). Recent studies have shown that the fetal inflammatory response is associated with neonatal mortality and morbidity. Furthermore, chronic inflammatory lesions, such as villitis of unknown etiology and chronic histiocytic intervillositis, are also important. Although their etiology remains unknown, the maternal immune response against paternal antigens has been considered a possible factor. These inflammatory lesions are associated with fetal demise and fetal growth restriction. Inflammatory lesions in the placenta are useful for understanding intrauterine conditions, guiding treatment, and predicting complications.
A Foucauldian discourse analysis of media reporting on the nurse‐as‐hero during COVID‐19
Authors: Boulton Maggie , Garnett Anna , Webster Fiona
Published: November 2021

This study uses a Foucauldian discourse analysis to explore media reporting on the role of nurses as being consistently positioned ‘heroes’ during COVID‐19. In so doing, it highlights multiple intersecting discourses at play, with the caring discourse acting as a central one in negatively impacting nurses' ability to advocate for safe working conditions during a public health emergency. Drawing on media reports during the outbreak of COVID‐19 in Ontario, Canada in the spring of 2020 and on historical information from SARS, this study seeks to establish caring as a discourse and examine if the caring discourse impedes nurses' ability to protect themselves from harm. The results of this analysis explicate how public media discourses that position nurses as caring, sacrificial and heroic may have impacted their ability to maintain their personal safety as a result of the expectations put upon the nursing profession.
Gut microbiota and related metabolites in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and its resolution after bariatric surgery
Authors: Martínez‐Montoro José Ignacio , Kuchay Mohammad Shafi , Balaguer‐Román Andrés , Martínez‐Sánchez María Antonia , Frutos María Dolores , Fernández‐García José Carlos , Ramos‐Molina Bruno
Published: November 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing in parallel with the rising prevalence of obesity, leading to major health and socioeconomic consequences. To date, the most effective therapeutic approach for NAFLD is weight loss. Accordingly, bariatric surgery (BS), which produces marked reductions in body weight, is associated with significant histopathological improvements in advanced stages of NAFLD, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. BS is also associated with substantial taxonomical and functional alterations in gut microbiota, which are believed to play a significant role in metabolic improvement after BS. Interestingly, gut microbiota and related metabolites may be implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD through diverse mechanisms, including specific microbiome signatures, short chain fatty acid production or the modulation of one‐carbon metabolism. Moreover, emerging evidence highlights the potential association between gut microbiota changes after BS and NASH resolution. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the relationship between NAFLD severity and gut microbiota, as well as the role of the gut microbiome and related metabolites in NAFLD improvement after BS.
Intravenous opioids for chemotherapy‐induced severe mucositis pain in children: Systematic review and single‐center case series of management with patient‐ or nurse‐controlled analgesia (PCA/NCA)
Authors: Walker Suellen M. , Selers Ebony L. , Jay Matthew A. ,   Great Ormond Street Hospital Inpatient Pain Service
Published: November 2021

Background

Chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis can result in severe pain. Intravenous (IV) opioids are recommended, but management protocols vary. We systematically reviewed studies reporting IV opioid use for pain related to chemotherapy‐induced severe oral mucositis in children and conducted a large single‐center case series.

Methods

Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting IV opioid duration and/or dose requirements for severe mucositis. Secondly, our pain service database was interrogated to describe episodes of opioid administration by patient‐ or nurse‐controlled analgesia (PCA/NCA) for children with mucositis and cancer treatment‐related pain.

Results

Seventeen studies (six randomized trials, two prospective observational, three retrospective cohort, six retrospective case series) included IV opioid in 618 patients (age 0.3–22.3 years), but reported parameters varied. Mucositis severity and chemotherapy indication influenced IV opioid requirements, with duration ranging from 3 to 68 days and variable dose trajectories (hourly morphine or equivalent 0‐97 mcg/kg/h). Our 7‐year series included PCA/NCA for 364 episodes of severe mucositis (302 patients; age 0.12–17.2 years). Duration ranged from 1 to 107 days and dose requirements in the first 3 days from 1 to 110 mcg/kg/h morphine. Longer PCA/NCA duration was associated with: higher initial morphine requirements (ρ = 0.46 [95% CI 0.35, 0.57]); subsequent increased pain and need for ketamine co‐analgesia (118/364 episodes with opioid/ketamine 13.9 [9.8–22.2] days vs opioid alone 6.0 [3.9–10.8] days; median [IQR]); but not with age or sex.

Conclusions

Management of severe mucositis pain can require prolonged IV opioid therapy. Individual and treatment‐related variability in analgesic requirements highlight the need for regular review, titration, and management by specialist services.
Private standards for the public interest? Evidence from environmental standardization in China
Authors: Shen Yayun , Faure Michael
Published: November 2021

This article discusses the extent to which private standardization contributes to environmental governance in China. It starts from the law and economics literature, which sees not only particular advantages in private standardization, more particularly lower administrative costs, technological innovation and flexibility, but also potential disadvantages, such as regulatory capture and under‐enforcement. The article then discusses the use of environmental standards in China, with a particular focus on the role of private standards in environmental governance. The article points to the interdependence between private and public standards, as the government encourages private standardization, and public regulation equally incorporates private standards. Finally, the article analyses the benefits of private standardization as they appear in the specific case of China, but also the potential disadvantages and points towards possibilities of using private standards in a differentiated manner, enjoying the benefits and trying to remedy the potential disadvantages.
Traveling waves, blow‐up, and extinction in the Fisher–Stefan model
Authors: McCue Scott W. , El‐Hachem Maud , Simpson Matthew J.
Published: November 2021

While there is a long history of employing moving boundary problems in physics, in particular via Stefan problems for heat conduction accompanied by a change of phase, more recently such approaches have been adapted to study biological invasion. For example, when a logistic growth term is added to the governing partial differential equation in a Stefan problem, one arrives at the Fisher–Stefan model, a generalization of the well‐known Fisher–KPP model, characterized by a leakage coefficient which relates the speed of the moving boundary to the flux of population there. This Fisher–Stefan model overcomes one of the well‐known limitations of the Fisher–KPP model, since time‐dependent solutions of the Fisher–Stefan model involve a well‐defined front which is more natural in terms of mathematical modeling. Almost all of the existing analysis of the standard Fisher–Stefan model involves setting , which can lead to either invading traveling wave solutions or complete extinction of the population. Here, we demonstrate how setting leads to retreating traveling waves and an interesting transition to finite‐time blow‐up. For certain initial conditions, population extinction is also observed. Our approach involves studying time‐dependent solutions of the governing equations, phase plane, and asymptotic analysis, leading to new insight into the possibilities of traveling waves, blow‐up, and extinction for this moving boundary problem. MATLAB software used to generate the results in this work is available on Github.
A Street View of Occupation: Getting Around Hebron on Google Maps
Authors: Goodfriend Sophia
Published: November 2021

This article offers an ethnographic exploration of the role Google Maps plays in Israeli authorities’ surveillance of the occupied Palestinian territories. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork conducted between Hebron, Palestine, and Tel Aviv, Israel, in the summers of 2018 and 2019, I describe how Google and Israel’s surveillance apparatus curtail what comes into view on Google Maps. I detail how Wesam, a Palestinian photographer, responds to such censorship through the creative use of Google Maps' Street View in Hebron. By centering Wesam's photographic practice, this article presents an ethnographic lens onto Israel's technologized military rule over the occupied Palestinian territories.
The stability of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity following attainment of physiological steady‐state
Authors: Carr Jay M. J. R. , Caldwell Hannah G. , Carter Howard , Smith Kurt , Tymko Michael M. , Green Daniel J. , Ainslie Philip N. , Hoiland Ryan L.
Published: November 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

During a steady‐state cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity test, do different data extraction time points change the outcome for cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Once steady‐state end‐tidal pressure of CO2 and haemodynamics were achieved, cerebral blood flow was stable, and so cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity values remained unchanged regardless of data extraction length (30 vs. 60 s) and time point (at 2–5 min).

This study assessed cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity (CVR) and examined data extraction time points and durations with the hypotheses that: (1) there would be no difference in CVR values when calculated with cerebral blood flow (CBF) measures at different time points following the attainment of physiological steady‐state, (2) once steady‐state was achieved there would be no difference in CVR values derived from 60 to 30 s extracted means, and (3) that changes in would not be associated with any changes in CVR. We conducted a single step iso‐oxic hypercapnic CVR test using dynamic end‐tidal forcing (end‐tidal , +9.4 ± 0.7 mmHg), and transcranial Doppler and Duplex ultrasound of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), respectively. From the second minute of hypercapnia onwards, physiological steady‐state was apparent, with no subsequent changes in end‐tidal , or mean arterial pressure. Therefore, CVR measured in the ICA and MCA was stable following the second minute of hypercapnia onwards. Data extraction durations of 30 or 60 s did not give statistically different CVR values. No differences in CVR were detected following the second minute of hypercapnia after accounting for mean arterial pressure via calculated conductance or covariation of mean arterial pressure. These findings demonstrate that, provided the stimulus remains in a steady‐state, data extracted from any minute of a CVR test during physiological steady‐state conditions produce equivalent CVR values; any change in the CVR value would represent a failure of CVR mechanisms, a change in the magnitude of the stimulus, or measurement error.