bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with dietary behaviour change support in patients: A qualitative study among community nurses
Authors: Den Hamer‐Jordaan Gerlinde , Groenendijk‐Van Woudenbergh Geertruida J. , Haveman‐Nies Annemien , Van Hell‐Cromwijk Marlies C. , Van Der Veen Ytje J. J. , Algra Hylkje F. , Kroeze Willemieke
Published: July 2023

Aim

To explore which factors, influencing dietary behaviour change support among patients by Dutch community nurses (CNs; nurses), are key focal points in training programmes.

Background

Nurses have an important role in counselling patients towards healthier dietary behaviour to prevent or delay long‐term complications from chronic lifestyle‐related diseases. Most nurses do not incorporate dietary behaviour change support in their routines to the fullest potential.

Design

A qualitative descriptive study.

Methods

Data were collected in the Netherlands in 2018–2019 via semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews with 18 nurses. Interview guide themes were informed by the COM‐B model, using validated descriptions in Dutch. Data were recorded, transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Factors that affected dietary behaviour change support were linked to (1) the nurse (role identity, dietary knowledge and competences such as methodical approach, behaviour change techniques and communication techniques), (2) nurse–patient encounter (building a relationship with a patient, supporting patient autonomy and tailoring the approach) and (3) cooperation and organizational context.

Conclusion

It is of utmost importance to pay attention to nurses' role identity regarding dietary behaviour change support, as this underlies professional behaviour. This should be accompanied by improving competences on dietary behaviour change support. Focus on competences regarding the application of behaviour change technique is crucial. Furthermore, having a relationship of trust with a patient was important for discussing sensitive topics such as diet.

Impact

The promotion of a healthy diet provides opportunities to contribute to patient autonomy and self‐management. Well‐fitted training offers for (senior) nurses will lead to improved professional practice of nurses, leading to healthier dietary behaviour of patients.

Patient or Public Contribution

A nurse provided feedback on the interview guide.
Applications, functions, and accuracy of artificial intelligence in restorative dentistry: A literature review
Authors: Tabatabaian Farhad , Vora Siddharth R. , Mirabbasi Shahriar
Published: July 2023

Objective

The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) are increasing in restorative dentistry; however, the AI performance is unclear for dental professionals. The purpose of this narrative review was to evaluate the applications, functions, and accuracy of AI in diverse aspects of restorative dentistry including caries detection, tooth preparation margin detection, tooth restoration design, metal structure casting, dental restoration/implant detection, removable partial denture design, and tooth shade determination.

Overview

An electronic search was performed on Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. English‐language articles, published from January 1, 2000, to March 1, 2022, relevant to the aforementioned aspects were selected using the key terms of artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, clustering, soft computing, automated planning, computational learning, computer vision, and automated reasoning as inclusion criteria. A manual search was also performed. Therefore, 157 articles were included, reviewed, and discussed.

Conclusions

Based on the current literature, the AI models have shown promising performance in the mentioned aspects when being compared with traditional approaches in terms of accuracy; however, as these models are still in development, more studies are required to validate their accuracy and apply them to routine clinical practice.

Clinical Significance: AI with its specific functions has shown successful applications with acceptable accuracy in diverse aspects of restorative dentistry. The understanding of these functions may lead to novel applications with optimal accuracy for AI in restorative dentistry.
Anxiety disorders, benzodiazepine prescription, and incident dementia
Authors: Brieler Jay A. , Salas Joanne , Amick Matthew E. , Sheth Poorva , Keegan‐Garrett Elizabeth A. , Morley John E. , Scherrer Jeffrey F.
Published: July 2023

Background

Prescribing benzodiazepines to older patients is controversial. Anxiety disorders and benzodiazepines have been associated with dementia, but literature is inconsistent. It is unknown if anxiety treated with a benzodiazepine, compared to anxiety disorder alone is associated with dementia risk.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study (n = 72,496) was conducted using electronic health data from 2014 to 2021. Entropy balancing controlled for bias by indication and other confounding factors. Participants: Eligible patients were ≥65 years old, had clinic encounters before and after index date and were free of dementia for 2 years prior to index date. Of the 72,496 eligible patients, 85.6% were White and 59.9% were female. Mean age was 74.1 (SD ± 7.1) years. Exposure: Anxiety disorder was a composite of generalized anxiety disorder, anxiety not otherwise specified, panic disorder, and social phobia. Sustained benzodiazepine use was defined as at least two separate prescription orders in any 6‐month period. Main outcome and measures: ICD‐9 or ICD‐10 dementia diagnoses.

Results

Six percent of eligible patients had an anxiety diagnosis and 3.6% received sustained benzodiazepine prescriptions. There were 6640 (9.2%) incident dementia events. After controlling for confounders, both sustained benzodiazepine use (HR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11–1.47) and a diagnosis of anxiety (HR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06–1.33) were associated with incident dementia in patients aged 65–75. Anxiety disorder with sustained benzodiazepine, compared to anxiety disorder alone, was not associated with incident dementia (HR 1.18, 95% CI: 0.92–1.51) after controlling for confounding. Results were not significant when limiting the sample to those ≥75 years of age.

Conclusions

Benzodiazepines and anxiety disorders are associated with increased risk for dementia. In patients with anxiety disorders, benzodiazepines were not associated with additional dementia risk. Further research is warranted to determine if benzodiazepines are associated with a reduced or increased risk for dementia compared to other anxiolytic medications in patients with anxiety disorders.
DACA legal services: One federal policy, different local implementation approaches
Authors: Gleeson Shannon , de Graauw Els
Published: July 2023

In the United States, the absence of federal funding and coordination for immigration legal services often means that local resources determine immigrants' access to justice. Many of these resources go toward supporting immigrants caught in the detention and deportation system. Yet local support is also critical for implementing federal benefits programs such as the 2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. In this article, we draw on 146 interviews with representatives of legal services providers and their nonprofit collaborators in three immigrant‐dense metropolitan areas—the Greater Houston Area, the New York City Metro Area, and the San Francisco Bay Area—to analyze the distinct, place‐specific service and collaboration models that have emerged over the last decade to meet demand for DACA implementation support. Specifically, we examine how local context shapes the types of actors that immigrants can turn to for immigration legal services, and how they have coordinated on the ground in distinct ways during a time of increasing uncertainty.
Advances in understanding the mechanism of resistance to anthracnose and induced defence response in tea plants
Authors: Jeyaraj Anburaj , Elango Tamilselvi , Chen Xuan , Zhuang Jing , Wang Yuhua , Li Xinghui
Published: July 2023

The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is susceptible to anthracnose disease that causes considerable crop loss and affects the yield and quality of tea. Multiple Colletotrichum spp. are the causative agents of this disease, which spreads quickly in warm and humid climates. During plant–pathogen interactions, resistant cultivars defend themselves against the hemibiotrophic pathogen by activating defence signalling pathways, whereas the pathogen suppresses plant defences in susceptible varieties. Various fungicides have been used to control this disease on susceptible plants, but these fungicide residues are dangerous to human health and cause fungicide resistance in pathogens. The problem‐solving approaches to date are the development of resistant cultivars and ecofriendly biocontrol strategies to achieve sustainable tea cultivation and production. Understanding the infection stages of Colletotrichum, tea plant resistance mechanisms, and induced plant defence against Colletotrichum is essential to support sustainable disease management practices in the field. This review therefore summarizes the current knowledge of the identified causative agent of tea plant anthracnose, the infection strategies and pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides, anthracnose disease resistance mechanisms, and the caffeine‐induced defence response against Colletotrichum infection. The information reported in this review will advance our understanding of host–pathogen interactions and eventually help us to develop new disease control strategies.
Colletotrichum acericolasp. nov. from seeds of the invasive alien tree speciesAcer negundoin Poland
Authors: Patejuk Katarzyna , Czachura Paweł , Baturo‐Cieśniewska Anna , Owczarek‐Kościelniak Magdalena , Pusz Wojciech , Najberek Kamil , Piątek Marcin
Published: July 2023

The boxelder maple (Acer negundo,Sapindaceae) is one of the most common tree species of the genusAcernatively growing in North America. In the 17th century,A.negundowas introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant, and from this time, it started an uncontrolled expansion into new territories, threatening local ecosystems. Fungal development on invasive alien species' seeds and pedicels was observed in 2017 and 2021 in the municipality of Wrocław (Poland), outside of the native occurrence of the host. Morphological analyses combined with multilocus phylogenetic analyses (internal transcribed spacer [ITS],gapdh,act,tub2,chs‐1andhis3sequences) showed that isolates belonged to a new species ofColletotrichum, from the rareC.agavesspecies complex. The nameColletotrichum acericolais proposed for this fungus. Based on comparisons with sequences from NCBI GenBank originating from prairie plants in the United States, it is likely thatC.acericolais native to North America.
Unified digital image correlation under meshfree framework
Authors: Chen Bin , Coppieters Sam
Published: July 2023

The implementation of digital image correlation (DIC) involves several different problems, such as image prefiltering, image intensity gradient calculation, image intensity interpolation at subpixel positions, shape function construction and strain calculation. This paper offers a unified insight into the nature of several key problems in DIC technique. We treat all the problems involved in the former mentioned key steps as fundamentally the same problem, that is, reconstructing an analytical description from a discrete and noisy sampling of a signal, such as discrete image intensity and displacement at some scattered nodes. From the reconstructed analytical description, the gradient and physical value at subpixel or integral pixel position can be analytically calculated without extra error. Here, we solve all these problems using the same mathematical tool, the meshfree method, leading to a unified DIC (U‐DIC) method. This method introduces errors solely during the steps involving the determination of the continuous description. However, it effectively avoids errors in the remaining steps. It holds the best balance between spatial resolution and measurement resolution for both displacement and strain measurements compared to 28 state‐of‐the‐art DIC algorithms based on the benchmark tests on DIC Challenge 2.0. It also holds all the unique advantages of the advanced meshfree DIC (MF‐DIC) compared to conventional local DIC and global DIC. The novel concept and excellent balance between spatial resolution and measurement resolution make U‐DIC an attractive replacement for conventional DIC methods. Additionally, the consistency of the implementation procedures in U‐DIC can simplify the parameter selection in DIC, which is of potential for the standardization of DIC technique.
Uplift, deflation and marine onlap of a Jurassic rift dome, illustrated by a backstepping Middle–Upper Jurassic shelf‐to‐slope succession, Geographical Society Ø, East Greenland
Authors: Surlyk Finn , Alsen Peter , Hovikoski Jussi , Piasecki Stefan
Published: July 2023

“Doming–rifting–spreading” constitute the main phases of classical plate tectonics. The Middle–Upper Jurassic succession of East Greenland is interpreted as reflecting formation, deflation and onlap of a rift dome, similar to contemporaneous rift domes in the North Sea, Denmark and southern Sweden. The succession forms a northwards backstepping and onlapping early rift succession in the N–S oriented basin. Deposition ranged from coastal over shallow marine and slope sands, through offshore siltstones to deep basinal mudstones. An outlier on the island Geographical Society Ø fills an important gap in the documentation of the doming, deflation and progressive onlap. Bajocian deposition took place in a shallow marine shelf. This was followed in the late Oxfordian by slope and base‐of‐slope deposition. The backstepping succession onlaps progressively older rocks towards the north, illustrating the gradual deflation, erosion and onlap of the dome, constituting the early part of the doming–rifting–spreading phases of classical plate tectonics.
HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 promotes hypocotyl‐specific auxin response under shade
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen Hoai , Sng Benny Jian Rong , Chin Hui Jun , Choi Ian Kin Yuen , Yeo Hock Chuan , Jang In‐Cheol
Published: July 2023

Vegetative shade causes an array of morphological changes in plants called shade avoidance syndrome, which includes hypocotyl and petiole elongation, leaf hyponasty, reduced leaf growth, early flowering and rapid senescence. Here, we show that loss‐of‐function mutations in HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9) attenuated the shade‐induced hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. However, the hda9 cotyledons and petioles under shade were not significantly different from those in wild‐type, suggesting a specific function of HDA9 in hypocotyl elongation in response to shade. HDA9 expression levels were stable under shade and its protein was ubiquitously detected in cotyledon, hypocotyl and root. Organ‐specific transcriptome analysis unraveled that shade induced a set of auxin‐responsive genes, such as SMALL AUXIN UPREGULATED RNAs (SAURs) and AUXIN/INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACIDs (AUX/IAAs) and their induction was impaired in hda9‐1 hypocotyls. In addition, HDA9 binding to loci of SAUR15/65, IAA5/6/19 and ACS4 was increased under shade. The genetic and organ‐specific gene expression analyses further revealed that HDA9 may cooperate with PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 4/7 in the regulation of shade‐induced hypocotyl elongation. Furthermore, HDA9 and PIF7 proteins were found to interact together and thus it is suggested that PIF7 may recruit HDA9 to regulate the shade/auxin responsive genes in response to shade. Overall, our study unravels that HDA9 can work as one component of a hypocotyl‐specific transcriptional regulatory machinery that activates the auxin response at the hypocotyl leading to the elongation of this organ under shade.
Future of the Lebanese Middle School Science Teaching Methods: The Importance of Teacher’s Shifting from Passive Learning to More Active Learning in Science Classes
Authors: Kotob Mazen Muhieddine , Mansour Nihaya Zaher
Published: July 2023

This study evaluated the importance of integrating active learning techniques in to Lebanese middle school science classes. It examined the effect of this modification on students' academic performance and social development .The researcher collected data by using mixed method approach referred to as sequential explanatory design where the research collected both quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data was collected by distributing questionnaire developed based on 5 point Likert- scale to a non-probability convenience sample (N=50) of science teachers and the qualitative data was collected by performing an online interview with four middle school science teachers. The researcher used Statistical Package for the social sciences program (SPSS) to analyze quantitative data and to answer the studied hypothesis and problematic by using three tests (a) one sample T-test, (b) one way Manova test, and (c) correlation test. The interview data was analyzed qualitatively .The findings of this study showed that (a) there is a significant importance for teachers’ shifting from passive learning to more active learning in Lebanese middle school science classes, (b) Lebanese middle school science teachers are modifying their teaching methods in their classes to improve students' academic performance and social development, and (c) there is a significant effect of the teaching methods modification on students' academic performance and social development based on the Lebanese middle school teachers' perspective.
AR Technology-Assisted Selfie Design and Dissemination Path Analysis
Authors: Zhang Di , Alsagoff Syed Agil , Yasin Megat Al Imran , Razi Siti Aishah Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology based on 3D registration, virtual-real fusion and human-computer interaction to achieve the integration of virtual objects and real scenes. The core problem of augmented reality task is the accurate and fast recognition and tracking of objects in real scenes, which provides the technical basis for updating and optimizing the selfie design. This paper discusses the specific technical path of AR applied to selfie design based on the deep learning approach, and demonstrates the impact of different deep learning algorithms on the effectiveness of the integration of AR and selfie, and finally the paper discusses the application prospects of AR in selfie.
An Online Quality Detection Method With Ensemble Learning on Imbalance Data for Wave Soldering
Authors: Gao Hanpeng , Guo Yu , Huang Shaohua , Xie Jian , Liu Daoyuan , Wu Tao , Tian Xu
Published: July 2023

Online detection of wave soldering is an important method of inspecting defective products in the workshop. Accurate quality detection can reduce production costs and provide support for quality warnings in the wave soldering process. However, there are still problems in improving the detection accuracy for the defect class. Although class imbalance in data can be addressed by data-level methods such as over-sampling and under-sampling, these methods destroy the integrity of the original data set and may cause information loss and over-fitting problems. In order to solve the above problems, this article focuses on how to design a new loss function that fuses class weights from focal loss (FS) and sample weights from AdaBoost to improve attention to the minority samples without changing data distribution. In this way, an FS-AdaBoost-RegNet model based on transfer learning is constructed to enhance the detection accuracy in industrial environment. Finally, the images of the wave soldering from an electronic assembly workshop are taken to validate the performance of the proposed method. The experiment on 941 testing samples of the imbalance datasets showed that the FS-AdaBoost-RegNet model with new loss function reached the overall accuracy of 98.39%, and the overall recall of 96.19%. The results proved that the proposed method promotes the ability to identify defect class compared with other methods.
Population dynamics of Aceria guerreronis and its natural enemies in coconut tree with and without application of pesticides
Authors: Ferreira C.T. , Noronha A.C.S. , Batista T.F.V.
Published: July 2023

The coconut mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer is considered one of the most important pests of the coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L.), causing fruit malformation due to the appearance of cracks on the surface of the perianth below the bracts. This damage compromises fruit growth, reducing the production of solid and liquid albumen. The continuous use of chemical pesticides increases pest control costs, as in addition to being a practice highly harmful to the environment, it can also cause selection of resistant populations, as well as eliminate beneficial species. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the population dynamics of A. guerreronis and its natural enemies, through the quantification of the most frequent and abundant predator species in two commercial areas of coconut plantation of the cultivar PB-121 (cross between Malaysian Yellow Dwarf x West African Giant). The study was conducted in Area 1 (with pesticide application), and Area 2 (without pesticide application - control) monthly from August 2018 to July 2019. Leaflets were collected (basal, median and apical part) from leaf 14 and fruits (bunches 4, 5, 6 and 7–4 to 6 months after inflorescence fertilization). In both areas, 933.580 mites were collected, 426,245 in Area 1 and 507.335 in Area 2, with emphasis on A. guerreronis (931.706 specimens – estimated value). Eriophid mites represented almost 100% of the specimens sampled, with high population density in periods with less precipitation. Among the predators, specimens belonging to the Phytoseiidae family were predominant, highlighting the species Amblydromalus zannouii Famah Sourassou, Amblyseius aerialis (Muma) and Amblyseius tamatavensis Blommers, present both in leaflets and in fruits, with the exception of A. zannouii, which was found only in leaflets.
Larval feeding types shape the predation aggression of predatory mites in both intraspecific and interspecific encounters
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Keshi , Zhang Zhi-Qiang
Published: July 2023

Cannibalism (intraspecific predation) and intraguild (interspecific) predation are widely observed phenomena in the animal kingdom, including amongst predatory mites of the Phytoseiidae family. While the larval stage of phytoseiids is a vulnerable and important life stage, it has received less attention than the adult stage. The larvae of phytoseiid species can be categorised into three types based on their feeding behaviour: non-feeding, facultative feeding, and obligatory feeding. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of cannibalism and intraguild predation among the larval stages of three generalist predatory phytoseiids: Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman & McGregor), Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant), and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans). We hypothesised that the larval feeding type could influence the aggressiveness of the predators in intraspecific and interspecific encounters, with obligatory-feeding larvae being the most aggressive and non-feeding larvae being the least aggressive. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a no-choice experiment under laboratory conditions using larvae to observe the prevalence of predation among conspecifics and heterospecifics in these three predatory mite species. In addition to observing predation outcomes, we measured larval body size, cheliceral size, and cheliceral morphology to investigate these parameters’ correlation with predation success. Our study revealed significant differences in the prevalence of cannibalism and intraguild predation among the three predatory species in agreement with our hypothesis: N. cucumeris larvae did not engage in predatory behaviours, while A. herbicolus displayed the highest predation success. Our findings suggest that cheliceral morphology may be a better indicator than body size of the aggressiveness of larval predation against conspecifics and heterospecifics. Our results provide valuable insights into the importance of larval behaviour in population dynamics and the development of effective pest management strategies. The study also highlights the need for further research on the larval stage of phytoseiids and emphasises the significance of considering larval behaviour when studying and managing these important predatory mites.
Effect of oxidation time on the structure and properties of Ti–25Nb–3Zr–2Sn–3Mo titanium alloy microarc oxide film layer
Authors: Wang Cenyi , Yang Mei , Wang Jingyi , Wang Jie , Feng Yuhang , Wang Xiaohong , Li Yang , Zhang Yuan
Published: July 2023

In order to improve various properties of medical titanium alloys, Ti–3Zr–2Sn–3Mo–25Nb titanium alloy specimens were subjected to microarc oxidation (BMAO) in 0.1 mol/l sodium tetraborate electrolyte to cover the substrate with a micro-nano double-graded structured coating. The effect of oxidation time on the microstructure, physical phase, hardness, corrosion resistance, and wettability of the micro-nano film layer was investigated. The results show that the microporous size of the film increases with the increase in oxidation time, and the hardness of the BMAO film increases with the increase in oxidation time; the corrosion resistance of the BMAO film is better than that of the substrate, and the self-corrosion potential is the largest at 14 min of oxidation time, reaching −0.1349 V, which is 65% higher than that of the substrate, and the self-corrosion current is the lowest, at 1.1376 × 10−9 A cm−2, which is one order of magnitude lower than that of the substrate; the micro-nano film layer exhibits superhydrophilicity, which increases and then decreases with time, and the contact angle is the smallest at 6 min of oxidation time, 4.4°, which is one order of magnitude lower than that of the substrate, 73.75°.
Effect of local pressure difference caused by argon flow on properties of DLC films on rubber
Authors: Zeng Haoran , Liu Jiaqi , Yang Tao , Deng Qiaoyuan , Wen Feng
Published: July 2023

The application of a diamondlike carbon (DLC) coating on rubber surfaces is a promising method to enhance the tribological properties of rubber and alleviate its poor wear resistance. However, in the preparation of DLC films, accurate pressure detection in the sputtering region is challenging due to the single detection position in common sputtering systems. In this paper, the direct current magnetic sputtering method was used to prepare DLC films on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). A set of Faraday beam detection device (FBDD) was employed to monitor the current density in the sputtering region. It was found that even if the pressure at the detection position of the vacuum gauge is consistent, the actual pressure in the sputtering region may be different under different rates of argon flow based on the detection results from the FBDD. The surface energy of DLC films was also calculated and researched. According to the results of FBDD, a series of analytical characterization methods were selected to explore the influence mechanism of changing the Ar flow rate on the properties of DLC films on NBR when the initial sputtering pressure remained consistent. The results of FBDD show that the density of the beam in the sputtering region increases with the increase in the Ar flow rate introduced into the vacuum chamber. The surface energy of DLC films was also calculated and evaluated by a contact angle tester. Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the increase in the Ar flow rate leads to an increase in pressure, which is conducive to the formation of sp3 in DLC films, and the increase in sp3 improves the surface energy of DLC films. The highest sp3 content and surface energy among as-prepared DLC films are observed when the argon flow rate was 40 SCCM. Ball-on disk friction experiment was used to characterize the tribological performance of DLC films on NBR rubber and the adhesion between DLC films and NBR rubber was evaluated by a nanoscratching test. Combining the results of tribology and nanoscratching testing, it can be inferred that the Ar flow rate plays an important role in improving the mechanical properties of DLC films on NBR rubber. Furthermore, the results of scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the sputtering atoms can effectively fill in the grooves of the rubber substrate. This finding is of significance for controlling the sputtering process of preparing DLC on rubber and improving the frictional properties of rubber.
One-dimensional scintillator film with benign grain boundaries for high-resolution and fast x-ray imaging
Authors: Wu Haodi , Wang Qian , Zhang Ao , Niu Guangda , Nikl Martin , Ming Chen , Zhu Jinsong , Zhou Zhengyang , Sun Yi-Yang , Nan Guangjun , Ren Guohao , Wu Yuntao , Tang Jiang
Published: July 2023

Fast and high-resolution x-ray imaging demands scintillator films with negligible afterglow, high scintillation yield, and minimized cross-talk. However, grain boundaries (GBs) are abundant in polycrystalline scintillator film, and, for current inorganic scintillators, detrimental dangling bonds at GBs inevitably extend radioluminescence lifetime and increase nonradiative recombination loss, deteriorating afterglow and scintillation yield. Here, we demonstrate that scintillators with one-dimensional (1D) crystal structure, Cs
5
Cu
3
Cl
6
I
2
explored here, possess benign GBs without dangling bonds, yielding nearly identical afterglow and scintillation yield for single crystals and polycrystalline films. Because of its 1D crystal structure, Cs
5
Cu
3
Cl
6
I
2
films with desired columnar morphology are easily obtained via close space sublimation, exhibit negligible afterglow (0.1% at 10 ms) and high scintillation yield (1.2 times of CsI:Tl). We have also demonstrated fast x-ray imaging with 27 line pairs mm
−1
resolution and frame rate up to 33 fps, surpassing most existing scintillators. We believe that the 1D scintillators can greatly boost x-ray imaging performance.
The worldwide COVID-19 lockdown impacts on global secondary inorganic aerosols and radiative budget
Authors: Sekiya Takashi , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Eskes Henk , Bowman Kevin , Sudo Kengo , Kanaya Yugo , Takigawa Masayuki
Published: July 2023

Global lockdown measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) led to air pollutant emission reductions. While the COVID-19 lockdown impacts on both trace gas and total particulate pollutants have been widely investigated, secondary aerosol formation from trace gases remains unclear. To that end, we quantify the COVID-19 lockdown impacts on NO
x
and SO
2
emissions and sulfate-nitrate-ammonium aerosols using multiconstituent satellite data assimilation and model simulations. We find that anthropogenic emissions over major polluted regions were reduced by 19 to 25% for NO
x
and 14 to 20% for SO
2
during April 2020. These emission reductions led to 8 to 21% decreases in sulfate and nitrate aerosols over highly polluted areas, corresponding to >34% of the observed aerosol optical depth declines and a global aerosol radiative forcing of +0.14 watts per square meter relative to business-as-usual scenario. These results point to the critical importance of secondary aerosol pollutants in quantifying climate impacts of future mitigation measures.
Identification and Characterization of a Potential Probiotic, Clostridium butyricum G13, Isolated from the Intestine of the Mud Crab (Scylla paramamosain)
Authors: Liang Huifen , Tran Ngoc Tuan , Deng Taoqiu , Li Jinkun , Lei Yifan , Bakky Mohammad Akibul Hasan , Zhang Ming , Li Rui , Chen Wenxuan , Zhang Yueling , Chen Xiuli , Li Shengkang
Published: July 2023

With the development of society, more and more aquatic animals are demanded. Intensification in the aquaculture scale is facing problems, such as disease outbreaks, eutrophication of water bodies, and misuse of antibiotics.
Pre-Eocene Arabia-Eurasia collision: New constraints from the Zagros Mountains (Amiran Basin, Iran)
Authors: Sun Gaoyuan , Hu Xiumian , Garzanti Eduardo , BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle K. , Xu Yiwei , Jiang Jingxin , Wolfgring Erik , Wang Yasu , Jiang Shijun
Published: July 2023

The timing of continental collision between Arabia and Eurasia is a highly controversial issue, on which new constraints are here provided from the Amiran Basin (Zagros Mountains, Iran). Upper Cretaceous carbonate ramps grown along the Arabian northern margin are overlain by the siliciclastic deep-water Amiran and shallow-water Kashkan Formations, dated biostratigraphically as 64–60 Ma (Paleocene) and 56–52 Ma (earliest Eocene), respectively. Abundant ophioliticlastics, detrital Cr-spinel geochemistry, and detrital zircons with positive εHf(t) values dated as 110–80 Ma, 180–160 Ma, and 260–200 Ma indicate that the Amiran Formation was derived from the obducted Kermanshah ophiolite and Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. Besides sharing similar composition and zircon-age spectra, the overlying Kashkan Formation contains recycled detritus and one new zircon-age component with negative εHf(t) values dated as 250–200 Ma, suggesting supply from additional sources in Central Iran. The Amiran Formation thus indicates that the Kermanshah ophiolite, obducted in the Late Cretaceous, was subaerially exposed to erosion in the Paleocene. The Kashkan Formation testifies to the establishment of a new fluvial system, sourced from Central Iran and flowing across the Zagros suture zone. This implies that continental collision between Arabia and Eurasia took place before the beginning of the Eocene (56 Ma) in the Lorestan region (Iran).
Supplemental Material: Late orogenic high-temperature overprint in (ultra)high-pressure ([U]HP) metamorphic rocks of the North Qinling Orogen, Central China: Insights into the geodynamics of the exhumation of (U)HP metamorphic rocks
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Liang , et al.
Published: July 2023

Text S1: Analytical methods of whole-rock major element analyses, mineral chemistry measurements, zircon U-Pb dating, and trace element measurements. Figure S1: P/T–H2O/O diagrams for samples QL2105 and QL2106. Figure S2: P–T diagram calculated with an effective bulk-rock composition for sample QL2106. Figure S3: Representative Raman spectra of mineral inclusions in zircons with different ages from samples QL2105 and QL2106. Table S1: Selected microprobe analyses of garnet, amphibole, biotite, plagioclase, and phengite for samples QL2105, QL2106, and QL2107. Table S2: Zircon U-Pb isotopic and age data as well as trace element compositions of zircons of samples QL2105, QL2106, and QL2107. 
Supplemental Material: Late orogenic high-temperature overprint in ultra-high pressure or high pressure [(U)HP] metamorphic rocks of the North Qinling Orogen, Central China: Insights into the geodynamics of the exhumation of (U)HP metamorphic rocks
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Liang , et al.
Published: July 2023

Text S1: Analytical methods of whole-rock major element analyses, mineral chemistry measurements, zircon U-Pb dating and trace element measurements; Figure S1: P/T-H2O/O diagrams for samples QL2105 and QL2106; Figure S2: P–T diagram calculated with an effective bulk-rock composition for sample QL2106; Figure S3: Representative Raman spectra of mineral inclusions in zircons with different ages from samples QL2105 and QL2106; Table S1: Selected microprobe analyses of garnet, amphibole, biotite, plagioclase, and phengite for samples QL2105, QL2106, and QL2107; Table S2: Zircon U-Pb isotopic and age data as well as trace element compositions of zircons of samples QL2105, QL2106, and QL2107.
Supplemental Material: New paleomagnetic and geochronologic results from late Paleozoic rocks in the Turfan-Hami block (NW China) and implications for the geodynamic evolution of the western Altaids
Authors: Xu Wei , et al.
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Material. Methods, Figs. S1–S4 and Tables S1–S3.
Analysis of deep optic nerve head structures with spectral domain and swept-source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Darwich Rami , Jarrar Faisal , Syed Mustafa , Sharpe Glen P , Chauhan Balwantray C
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Histological evidence indicates that the earliest structural changes to the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma occur in the lamina cribrosa (LC) and its interface with the sclera. However, clinical imaging of these structures remains challenging. We compared the visibility of deep ONH structures with newer iterations of spectral-domain (SD) and swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods

Twelve patients with open-angle glaucoma were imaged with SD-OCT with 24 radial B-scans centred on Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO) and SS-OCT with a horizontal and vertical raster scan pattern containing five lines each, centred on the ONH. Single best-matched horizontal and vertical scans from the two modalities were selected and exported. Three independent observers masked to modality determined if BMO, posterior choroid surface, anterior scleral canal opening and anterior and posterior LC insertions into the sclera were detectable in the matched B-scan images. We determined the interobserver agreement and concordance in detecting each structure with the two OCT imaging modalities.

Results

There was a high interobserver agreement with both SS-OCT and SD-OCT (inter-item correlations: 0.81–0.93 and 0.77–0.82, respectively). There was a consistent tendency for higher overall detection rates with SS-OCT, however, the differences failed to reach statistical significance. With respect to individual structures, only the posterior LC insertion in the nasal quadrant was statistically different, with a detection rate of 13 and 6 (pooled out of a total of 36 across the three observers) with SS-OCT and SD-OCT, respectively (p=0.04).

Conclusion

Overall, both SS-OCT and SD-OCT showed statistically equivalent visualisation of ONH structures, however, SS-OCT tended to have higher visualisation rates.
How to reduce medications for people with multiple long term conditions
Authors: Saul Helen , Cassidy Samantha , Deeney Brendan , Imison Candace , Reeve Joanne
Published: July 2023

The study

Reeve J, Maden M, Hill R, et al. Deprescribing medicines in older people living with multimorbidity and polypharmacy: the TAILOR evidence synthesis.
Health Technol Assess
2022;26:1-148.

To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:
https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/how-to-safely-deprescribe-medications-for-people-with-multiple-long-term-conditions/
British Society of Gastroenterology Best Practice Guidance: outpatient management of cirrhosis – part 2: decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Mansour Dina , Masson Steven , Corless Lynsey , Douds Andrew C , Shawcross Debbie L , Johnson Jill , Leithead Joanna A , Heneghan Michael A , Rahim Mussarat Nazia , Tripathi Dhiraj , Ross Valerie , Hammond John , Grapes Allison , Hollywood Coral , Botterill Gemma , Bonner Emily , Donnelly Mhairi , McPherson Stuart , West Rebecca
Published: July 2023

There are two distinct phases in the natural history of cirrhosis: compensated disease (corresponding to Child Pugh A and early Child Pugh B disease), where the patient may be largely asymptomatic, progressing with increasing portal hypertension and liver dysfunction to decompensated disease (corresponding to Child Pugh late B-C), characterised by the development of overt clinical signs, including jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), ascites, renal dysfunction and variceal bleeding. The transition from compensated cirrhosis to decompensated cirrhosis (DC) heralds a watershed in the nature and prognosis of the disease. DC is a systemic disease, characterised by multiorgan/system dysfunction, including haemodynamic and immune dysfunction. In this second part of our three-part series on the outpatient management of cirrhosis, we address outpatient management of DC, including management of varices, ascites, HE, nutrition, liver transplantation and palliative care. We also introduce an outpatient DC care bundle. For recommendations on screening for osteoporosis, hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance and vaccination see part one of the guidance. Part 3 of the guidance focusses on special circumstances encountered in patients with cirrhosis, including surgery, pregnancy, travel, management of bleeding risk for invasive procedures and portal vein thrombosis.
Eyes and the heart: what a clinician should know
Authors: Ng Jing Yong , Zarook Essa , Nicholson Luke ,   Oculi-Cordis group, Khanji Mohammed Yunus , Chahal Choudhary Anwar Ahmed
Published: July 2023

The eye is prone to various forms of afflictions, either as a manifestation of primary ocular disease or part of systemic disease, including the cardiovascular system. A thorough cardiovascular examination should include a brief ocular assessment. Hypertension and diabetes, for example, would present with retinopathy and dyslipidaemia would present with corneal arcus. Multisystem autoimmune diseases, such as Graves’ disease, rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis, would present with proptosis, episcleritis and scleritis, respectively. Myasthenia gravis, while primarily a neuromuscular disease, presents with fatigable ptosis and is associated with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and giant cell myocarditis. Connective tissue diseases such as Marfan syndrome, which commonly presents with aortic root dilatation, would be associated with ectopia lentis and myopia. Wilson’s disease, which is associated with arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies, would present usually with the characteristic Kayser-Fleischer rings. Rarer diseases, such as Fabry disease, would be accompanied by ocular signs such as cornea verticillata and such cardiac manifestations include cardiac hypertrophy as well as arrhythmias. This review examines the interplay between the eye and the cardiovascular system and emphasises the use of conventional and emerging tools to improve diagnosis, management and prognostication of patients.
External validation of the 2022 ACR/EULAR classification criteria in patients with suspected giant cell arteritis in a Dutch fast-track clinic
Authors: van Nieuwland Marieke , van Bon Lenny , Vermeer Marloes , Brouwer Elisabeth , Alves Celina
Published: July 2023

Objective

Recently the Diagnostic and Classification Criteria in Vasculitis Study group developed and published new American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell arteritis (GCA). To test robustness in a different clinical setting and inform clinicians on performance in clinical practice, we aim to externally validate them in patients with a suspicion of GCA referred to our GCA fast-track clinic.

Methods

Patients with suspected GCA from the Hospital Group Twente Early GCA in Twente prospective cohort were included. The clinical diagnosis of GCA verified after 6 months of follow-up made by the treating rheumatologist was used as a reference standard. A cut-off score of ≥6 was tested as described in the original article. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, sensitivity and specificity were calculated.

Results

In total, 133 patients with suspected GCA were included, of whom 53 were diagnosed with GCA and 80 patients were not diagnosed with GCA. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.96 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.98). Using the proposed cut-off score of≥6, we found that sensitivity was 98.0% (95% CI 89.9% to 100%) and specificity was 57.5% (95% CI 45.9% to 68.5%). The majority of misclassified patients without GCA had classification scores of 6 and 7 as clinical and/or laboratory criteria were often present in our non-GCA population.

Conclusion

Our results showed an excellent AUC and sensitivity with a moderate specificity for classification of GCA patients. Considering our relevant study population, we found that the new classification criteria might also be useful for diagnostic purposes, albeit with careful interpretation.
Quality control of fine-grained embankments using penetration tests
Authors: Oberhollenzer Simon , Hauser Laurin , Ehall Martin , Marte Roman , Tschuchnigg Franz , Schweiger Helmut F.
Published: July 2023

The compaction control of earth works is an essential task in geotechnical engineering. In order to build more sustainably and to reduce project costs, fine-grained materials are more often used for embankment construction nowadays. The quality control of compacted soil layers is usually defined in terms of deformation moduli obtained from static and dynamic plate load tests or based on the degree of compaction, which is generally related to the Proctor density. Penetration tests, such as cone penetration tests (CPT), seismic flat dilatometer tests (SDMT) or dynamic probings (medium heavy dynamic probings (DPM)), show a potential for assessing the compaction along vertical profiles but no standardized quality criteria have been elaborated yet. The present work investigates the effects of different water contents and degrees of soil stabilization on results of CPT, SDMT, DPM, plate load tests and Proctor tests for an 8 m high trial embankment, characterized by a clayey to silty material. CPT and DMT results were found to strongly correlate with deformation moduli of static and dynamic plate load tests, enabling the definition of new quality criteria for compaction control.
Quantifying participation biases on social media
Authors: Pokhriyal Neeti , Valentino Benjamin A. , Vosoughi Soroush
Published: July 2023

Around seven-in-ten Americans use social media (SM) to connect and engage, making these platforms excellent sources of information to understand human behavior and other problems relevant to social sciences. While the presence of a behavior can be detected, it is unclear who or under what circumstances the behavior was generated. Despite the large sample sizes of SM datasets, they almost always come with significant biases, some of which have been studied before. Here, we hypothesize the presence of a largely unrecognized form of bias on SM platforms, called participation bias, that is distinct from selection bias. It is defined as the skew in the demographics of the participants who opt-in to discussions of the topic, compared to the demographics of the underlying SM platform. To infer the participant’s demographics, we propose a novel generative probabilistic framework that links surveys and SM data at the granularity of demographic subgroups (and not individuals). Our method is distinct from existing approaches that elicit such information at the individual level using their profile name, images, and other metadata, thus infringing upon their privacy. We design a statistical simulation to simulate multiple SM platforms and a diverse range of topics to validate the model’s estimates in different scenarios. We use Twitter data as a case study to demonstrate participation bias on the topic of gun violence delineated by political party affiliation and gender. Although Twitter’s user population leans Democratic and has an equal number of men and women according to Pew, our model’s estimates point to the presence of participation bias on the topic of gun control in the opposite direction, with slightly more Republicans than Democrats, and more men compared to women. Our study cautions that in the rush to use digital data for decision-making and understanding public opinions, we must account for the biases inherent in how SM data are produced, lest we may also arrive at biased inferences about the public.
Singly charm baryons with higher-order 𝒪1m2 corrections in hCQM: Revisited
Authors: Ansari Akram , Menapara Chandni , Rai Ajay Kumar
Published: July 2023

In this study, singly charm baryons [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have been studied. The known hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM) has been subjected to an addition of second-order correction term to the mass in spin-dependent term. This has allowed to observe the expected spin-splitting in the correct order and modify the previous findings to a new level. All the other properties have been obtained ranging from magnetic moment to strong decay width along with the linearly observed Regge trajectories.