bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВИПРОБУВАННЯ НЕРОЗРІЗНОЇ ЗАЛІЗОБЕТОННОЇ БАЛКИ З КОНСОЛЯМИ ТА ТРІЩИНАМИ ПІДСИЛЕНОЇ ВУГЛЕПЛАСТИКОМ
Authors: ЖАРКО Л.О. , ОВЧАР В.П. , БЄЛОКОНЬ А.М. , ФЕСЕНКО О.А.
Published: October 2020

В статті йдеться про актуальні випробування нерозрізної залізобетонної балки з консолями та тріщинами, підсиленої вуглепластиком з метою перевірки на фрагменті відповідності проектним вимогам конструкцій перекриття монолітного залізобетонного каркасу кроком 9 м з двома колонами, балкою та її консолями різної довжини при різних заданих навантаженнях ділянок. Дослідний зразок монолітної залізобетонної нерозрізної Т-подібної балки перекриття з полицею шириною 2 м і товщиною 0,2 м, ребром висотою 0,6 м і шириною 0,8 м, прольотом 9 м із двома консольними ділянками 4 м і 2,5 м і двома квадратними опорами 0,6×0,6 м було виготовлено і випробувано в Державному підприємстві «Державний науководослідний інститут будівельних конструкцій». За умов експлуатації балки в натурі проектне вертикальне рівномірно-розподілене навантаження ділянок становить: на лівій консолі – 6,0 т/пм, на основному прольоті – 7,0 т/мп, на правій консолі – 13,5 т/мп. У віці 42 доби балку було навантажено 50% розрахункового навантаження до утворення тріщин в нижній зоні шириною розкриття до 0,2 мм. Під час підсилення балки з тріщинами використано композитні стрічки на основі епоксидних смол з вуглецевими волокнами, типу S&P CFK-Lamellen, які фіксуються двохкомпонентним епоксидним клеєм Resin 220. Анкерування стрічок виконували за допомогою композитних мат типу S&P G Sheet 240 з вуглевмісних волокон, котрі були наклеєні на двокомпонентному клею Resin 55. Вуглепластиком підсилено ділянки балки зверху, знизу і по боках. На четверту добу після підсилення балку було випробувано вертикальним рівномірно-розподільним навантаженням на стенді з силовою підлогою, системою розподілення навантаження гідродомкратами та вимірювальними приладами. Тріщини шириною розкриття 0,1-0,3 мм утворилися на полиці балки на опорі біля довшої консолі, при навантаженні 80 % проектного. Прогини балки при проектному навантаженні становили на кінці консолі 4 м – 33,86 мм, по центру прольоту 9 м – 1,22 мм, на кінці консолі 2,5 м – 0,6 мм; після розвантаження, відповідно – 6,53 мм, 0,24 мм, 0,83 мм. Досліджене конструктивне рішення перекриття монолітного залізобетонного каркасу кроком 9 м з двома колонами, однопрогонною балкою та її консолями довжиною 4 м і 2,5 м при різних заданих навантаженнях ділянок повністю відповідає проектним вимогам і безпечне для експлуатації.
ВПЛИВ ТИСКУ В БЕТОНОВОДІ НА НЕСУЧУ ЗДАТНІСТЬ БУРОІН’ЄКЦІЙНОЇ ПАЛІ ЗА ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМИ ҐРУНТОВОЇ ОСНОВИ ПРИ ЇЇ ВЛАШТУВАННІ
Authors: КОВАЛЬСЬКИЙ Р. К.
Published: October 2020

На сьогоднішній час буроін’єкційні палі є одним з найпоширенішим видів фундаментів для влаштування на них багатоповерхових будинків. Свою популярність вони отримали за рахунок відносно невеликої вартості, швидкості влаштування та значної величини допустимого навантаження за властивостями ґрунтової основи. Однак, в практиці будівництва неодноразово виникають ситуації коли прогнозована величина несучої здатності палі за властивостями ґрунтової основи суттєво менша, ніж отримана за результатами випробування статичним навантаження вдавлювання. Як правило, причини такої значної різниці залежать від багатьох факторів: неточності вивчення інженерно-геологічної будови, від обладнання, яке використано для влаштування паль, дотримання мінімально необхідних технологічних параметрів при влаштуванні паль.В більшості випадків, однією з основних причин значного зменшення несучої здатності паль за властивостями ґрунтової основи є такий параметр, як тиск бетону в бетоноводі при їх влаштуванні. Досить часто виробнику паль ставлять умову, щоб перевитрати бетону не були більше нормативного значення, яке рівне 26% від геометричного об’єму свердловини під палю. Таким чином, хочуть отримати економію бетону на влаштування палі. Однак, такий підхід до економії бетону в результаті веде до значно більших перевитрат, оскільки при незначному тиску величина несучої здатності паль за властивостями ґрунтової основи може бути до двох разів менше. В такому випадку, кількість паль необхідно збільшувати в два рази, внаслідок чого отримана економія бетону при влаштуванні палі 10…15% приведе до його перевитрат в 100…200%.В статті наведено результати випробування пальстатичним вдавлювальним навантаженням на майданчику будівництва, де були використанні різні величини тиску в бетоноводі для дослідних кущів. Наведені величини зменшення несучої здатності паль в залежності від тиску в бетоноводі.
INVESTMENT: THE TERM AND CONCEPT
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, SHPINEV YURY
Published: October 2020

Attracting investment in the real sector of the economy is currently an urgent task for any state. To solve this problem in our country, it is necessary, among other things, to develop transparent investment legislation, including unambiguously defining the concept of investment. The article examines the nature and distinctive features of the term as a special unit of language, as well as the relationship between the term and the concept. Objective: to identify the relationship between the term and the concept of relative in three areas: in General, in linguistics, in law, and directly in relation to investment. To achieve this goal, scientific approaches to this problem are analyzed by linguists and it is concluded that in modern research, the term is understood as a word or phrase denoting the concept of a special field of knowledge or activity. Attention is drawn to the existence of different opinions about the relationship between a legal term and a legal concept, and it is also noted that despite some peculiarities, the General knowledge about terms and concepts obtained and formulated by linguists fully applies to legal concepts and terms. Analyzing the concept of investment, as well as the use of the term investment in current laws and scientific reports, the author concludes that to date, neither regulatory documents nor the scientific community has developed a unified approach to the concept of investment. In conclusion, as one of the directions for understanding investment, we offer a more detailed consideration of investment at the time of its origin and formation, during the English industrial revolution.
THE NEED FOR A SPECIAL RESTRUCTURING PROCEDURE FOR INSOLVENT ENTREPRENEURS DUE TO SARS-COV-2
Authors:   University of Opole, Opole, Poland, RAFAL ADAMUS
Published: October 2020

This text refers to the need for simple restructuring proceedings for entrepreneurs due to the crisis caused by the coronavirus epidemic. Some countries may be more deeply affected by the crisis, others may be more resilient to economic shocks. The comments are abstract. They do not refer to any particular legal system. Their purpose is to provoke a general discussion on the need to introduce into the legislation special rules regarding business insolvency as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The main assumption is as follows. The main purpose of insolvency law is to maximize creditors’ satisfaction. Meanwhile, in the event of a common, structural crisis, a more important value may be maintaining the entrepreneur’s business activity. Due to the need to quickly overcome the crisis, the entrepreneur’s restructuring should be preferred rather than bankruptcy resulting in liquidation.
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT MEASURES FOR FAMILIES, PROTECTION AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION OF FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, LETOVA NATALIA
Published: October 2020

Task. The author of the article set himself the task of analyzing measures of state support for families with children. Model. To solve such a theoretical problem, it is necessary to investigate the social purpose of payments in relation to families with children, to study the types of such measures, to assess their consequences for solving the problems of demography. Conclusions. The system of measures of social support for families with children has an impact on the solution of another broader task - the fight against poverty of the population of our country. The scope of the study. Limited by relations in the field of family law and social security of the Russian Federation. Practical value. Identification of the problems and reasons for getting the family into a crisis situation will allow us to formulate general measures aimed at developing effective mechanisms to protect families with children. Social consequences. Determining the purpose of measures to support families with children, analyzing certain types of assistance will help to determine the relationship and interdependence of social and family norms, the effective interaction of which will ensure the basic needs of each family. Originality, value. A systematic study and investigation of the reasons that provoke a family to get into a crisis situation, identifying common problems that impede the proper satisfaction of the basic needs of all family members, will allow us to formulate common approaches in the formation of additional measures to support families with children. An analysis of the laws of the Russian Federation allows us to identify additional opportunities and new ways to protect families with children.
CULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN WORLD - A SPIRITUAL SLOGAN FACTOR OF VICTORY IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors:   Military University of the Ministry of Defence of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, KSENOFONTOV VLADIMIR
Published: October 2020

The article reveals the essence and specificity of culture as an important component of the spiritual factor of victory. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of fiction. The article substantiates the moral and aesthetic impact on the consciousness of defenders of the Motherland, such works of art as“They fought for the Motherland”,“Leningrad poem”,“Russian character”,“Invasion”, etc. The article describes the significant role of theatrical art, which reveals the moral values of the people and Soviet soldiers. This is reflected in such plays as: “the Front”; “the Guy from our city”; “Once upon a time”, etc. The article substantiates the important role of the spiritual influence of cinema on Soviet people. This influence was realized through artistic images of selfless service to the Motherland, loyalty to military duty. Among these films: “Two fighters”, “Wait for me”, “Front-line friends”. During the war, as the article emphasizes, an important component of the spiritual factor of victory was the musical art. Activities in this area of culture famous musicians:B. Astafiev, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, A. Alexandrov, V. Soloviev-Sedoy, and others, was implemented in operas, symphonies, cantatas and songs, which by their nature emotional expression differed Patriotic and epic strength. The purpose of the research : to reveal the axiological components, culture of the Russian world, as important components, spiritual factor during the great Patriotic war. Conclusions : the culture of the Russian world at various stages of the great Patriotic War, through a variety of means and forms, actively mobilized all Soviet people to defend the Motherland and defeat Nazi Germany. The spiritual culture of our country and its types, in the course of functioning, during the war, clearly and expressively revealed the idea of patriotism, courage, bravery and heroism, and encouraged the Soviet people, the soldiers of the red Army, to achieve a great Victory.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE APPLICATION OF NEW MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN REPRODUCTION, THERAPY AND GENETIC MODIFICATION OF HUMANS, PLANTS AND ANIMALS THROUGH THE PRISM OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors:   Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, BELIKOVA KSENIA
Published: October 2020

This article aims to demonstrates some facets of the current state of legal regulation and ethical problems of application of new medical technologies in reproduction, therapy and genetic modification of humans, plants and animals through the prism of intellectual property rights protection and based on: the materials of a number of normative acts (laws, ministerial Regulations) of one of the BRICS countries - South Africe. In this format, based on analytical reflections over information taken from sources and literature from the list of sources and literature, as well as a number of legal provisions driven to life by the existence and application of such technologies and new knowledge; opinions, ideas and ethical and legal discussions, the article analyzes the provisions of South Africa's approaches that create patterns of application of new medical technologies, the potential and ethical and legal basis for such development, taking into account the current views of the doctrine and legislation. The relevance of this research is due to the fact that a number of approaches to legislation and ethical approaches under study are new and could not be considered in studies of an earlier period. Thus, this study serves to fill this gap. The author's results are presented in the light of the identified state interest within the framework of the liberal model of the relationship between law and bioethics in delineating the boundaries of permissible (notpermissible) use of new medical technologies in the field of reproduction and treatment of human, genetic modification of humans, animals and plants not only from the perspective of legal and ethical constraints, permissions and prohibitions but the implementation of the provisions of applicable South African legislation on the intellectual property rights protection, which, due to its examination request system, can not guarantee that the patented product - the result of genetic modification - can be freely used in South Africa with regard to the restrictions and prohibitions established by 2003 Act and relevant Regulations No. 175, 177, 180. The theoretical and practical significance of the results obtained is determined by the fact that Russian readers will be provided with up-to-date scientific information about the state of Indian legislation and doctrine, and other ideas in the field under study, which in practical terms will contribute to understanding the gap (or lack thereof) in the achievements in this field of Russian and foreign researchers and practitioners in terms of their implications at the level of practice and legislation.
SOME QUESTIONS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF BIOPRINTING IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Main Control Department of the City of Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation, AKHMADOVA MARYAM
Published: October 2020

The article provides an overview of current regulatory acts of the Russian Federation on various aspects of the legal regulation of the use of additive technologies in domestic medicine. The authors draw attention to the question of the legal nature of bioprint organs. In the study, such methods of scientific knowledge were used as: general scientific dialectic, formal legal and comparative legal methods. At the same time, the author proceeds from the subjective-objective backside of processes and phenomena, as well as their relationship. This means that all people can use the technology of a new generation, which can cause a therapeutic or preventive effect. This condition is the need for the formation of new legal issues in this area through modernization.
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE INSPECTION FOR THE MONITORING OF PRISONERS SUFFERING FROM DRUG ADDICTION
Authors:   Federal Research Institute of the Federal Penal Correction Service of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, TIMOFEEVA TATYANA
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the functions of the criminal Executive inspections of the Federal penitentiary service in monitoring convicted drug addicts. The statistical number of this category of convicts is analyzed, problematic issues are considered, contradictions and shortcomings in the legal regulation of the procedure for monitoring convicts suffering from drug addiction, and proposals are made to improve the legislative regulation of the procedure for monitoring convicted drug addicts.
MONEY LAUNDERING FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE SLOVAK AND RUSSIAN LEGISLATION
Authors:   Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia, PROKEINOVÁ MARGITA , HANGÁČOVÁ NATÁLIA
Published: October 2020

The article analyzes strategy regarding anti-money laundering policy in the Slovak Republic and the Russian Federation. Article also emphasises fight against money-laundering at the international level. Money laundering is the process of concealing illegal origin of money and bringing appearance of legality to money deriving from criminal activities. States have eminent interest to prevent such activities from occurring. Article focuses on the Slovak legislation concerning anti-money laundering including criminal liability of legal entities. Law which would enact criminal liability of legal entities in the Russian Federation was not adopted yet. Authors came to conclusion that legal acts of the Slovak Republic and the Russian Federation are similar but in certain areas they differ. One significant difference has been observed by authors.
TO THE QUESTION OF COUNTERING CRIMES IN THE SPHERE OF TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN BODIES AND TISSUES
Authors:   North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Studies (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Nalchik, Russian Federation, TAOVA LILIYA , GELYAKHOVA LEILA
Published: October 2020

In the modern world, medicine is actively developing, which allows using the achievements of science and technology in order to ensure human health and life. Medical services meet the basic needs of protecting human health and much attention is paid to the development of innovative branches of medicine, such as bioethics and others. However, in medical practice there are often situations when problems with human health cannot be solved by traditional medical procedures and the need arises to transplant organs or tissues. Transplantation of human organs and tissues in the modern world is becoming a common method of medical activity, which allows many patients to save lives. However, this process is accompanied by a number of criminal acts. Criminal communities commit unlawful actions in order to profit from the sale of donor agencies. These actions cause significant damage to the medical sphere and pose serious threats to human life and health. The purpose of this work is to analyze the existing mechanisms for countering crimes in the field of transplantation of human organs and tissues. Attention is focused on the fragmentation of criminal legislation in the field of transplantation of human organs and tissues, which significantly affects the ineffectiveness of counteraction to these illegal acts.
SOME FEATURES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE IN RUSSIA IN CONNECTION WITH THE SPREAD OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19)
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Saratov, Russian Federation, FRANCIFOROV YURI , BARANOVA MARINA
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to consider the peculiarities of investigative and judicial actions that are caused by their postponement, the inability to attract a lawyer, as well as the suspension of the preliminary investigation during the period of emergency measures taken by the government of the Russian Federation in response to the outbreak of the coronavirus infection pandemic (COVID-19). The authorsanalyze the features of the courts activity in connection with the coronavirus pandemic, which is associated with minimizing the personal reception of citizens and submitting documents via electronic Internet reception offices of courts or by Russian Post, as well as the possibility of conducting online court sessions. The authors come to the conclusion that the judicial system was not sufficiently prepared for the pandemic, and therefore it is urgently necessary to adopt a special normative act that would regulate the implementation of judicial proceedings in emergency situations, allowing to continue to consider urgent cases, including materials on the election, extension, cancellation or change of a preventive measure.
DIGITALIZATION IN THE TRENDS OF LEGAL REGULATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AT THE PRESENT STAGE
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Moscow, Russian Federation, SHEPELEV DENIS
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the research presented in this article is to study the prospects for the development of legal institutionalization of digital technologies in the context of public policy. This involves solving such research tasks as analyzing international requirements and trends in the legal regulation of digital processes and law enforcement, identifying problems and prospects of legal regulation in the context of digitalization, as well as describing trends in the development of law enforcement practice in the context of digitalization. The study made it possible to note a number of conclusions. The author notes that international requirements and trends in the legal regulation of digital processes and law enforcement create standards for the introduction of information technologies in public administration and the economy. Improving the competitiveness of domestic jurisdictions is one of the areas that reflect the effectiveness of measures to introduce digital technologies applied at the national level. Identification of problems and perspectives of legal regulation in the conditions of digitization has allowed the author to note that in the current circumstances, it is evident the further development of the recognition of digital technologies and actions as legal facts, identification of subjects, bases and procedure for the implementation of subjective rights and legal obligations in the information environment. It is emphasized that in the future it is necessary to solve questions about intellectual property, the legal status of artificial intelligence as an object of legal relations. As trends in the development of law enforcement practice in the context of digitalization, it is noted that we should expect the continuation of measures to digitalize legal proceedings, which require organizational decisions, including identification of the parties to the process, certification of credentials, obtaining certified judicial acts remotely. In the sphere of activity of Executive authorities, the introduction of electronic methods of exercising power for the provision of state and municipal services, as well as the implementation of state and municipal functions, continues.
YOUTH CRIMINAL SUBCULTURE AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF A MINOR CRIMINAL
Authors:   Institute of Law and National Security FSBEI HE “Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin”, Tambov, Russian Federation, SHUNYAEVA VERA
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the research of the youth criminal subculture and its impact on the personality of under-aged. In the course of analysis of this negative impact, a definition of the criminal subculture of under-aged was proposed. The main principles of such a criminal subculture as AUE (the acronym, transcribed from Russian: АУЕ or А.У.Е., comes from «Арестантский уклад един» / “Prisoners Unity (Solidarity)” are defined. The reasons contributing to the development of this negative phenomenon and the typical fea- tures of a minor sharing the ideology of the AUE were identified. The methods for counteracting the AUE were proposed. The method- ological basis of the research is formed by general scientific methods: dialectical, system research method, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, etc., as well as such private scientific methods as comparative legal, formal legal, structural and functional, statistical ones. The authors relied on the results of research by Russian and foreign legal scholars, sociologists, psychologists.
LEGAL NATURE OF AGREEMENTS ON THE PAYMENT OF ALIMONY: PROBLEMS OF SUBSTANTIVE AND PROCEDURAL LAW
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, LETOVA NATALIA
Published: October 2020

Task. The authors of the article set themselves the task of analyzing the specifics of the agreements on the payment of alimony and the procedural features of such cases. Model. To solve such a theoretical problem, it is necessary to investigate the legal nature of child support agreements as a type of bilateral transaction. Findings. The agreements on the payment of alimony differ in their ambiguous legal nature and require proper regulation in the norms of the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The scope of the study. Limited by relations in the field of family, civil law, civil process of the Russian Federation. Practical value. The identification of the nature and specific features of agreements in the field of family relations will not only enrich the theory of family law, but also create a basis for the formation of the practice of considering cases of alimony, and formulate general measures aimed at developing effective mechanisms to protect the property interests of participants in family relations. Social consequences. Determining the specifics of family agreements will allow us to establish the relationship and interdependence of the norms of the family, civil type and norms of the civil process, which will ensure their effective interaction in practice. Originality, value. A systematic study and study of the features of alimony agreements will allow them to be separated from other types of civil law transactions, identify common problems in collecting alimony and proper fulfillment of alimony obligations that impede the proper satisfaction of the basic needs of all family members. An analysis of the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation allows us to identify additional opportunities and new ways to properly enforce court decisions on alimony.
FAMILY MAINTENANCE OBLIGATIONS IN FAMILY RELATIONS
Authors:   Pskov state University, Pskov, Russian Federation, SEREBRYAKOVA ALLA
Published: October 2020

A task. The author of the article set himself the task of answering the question - what is meant by obligations for material security in family relations. Model. To solve this problem, it is necessary to investigate the issues of legal regulation of material content obligations under the family legislation of the Russian Federation and alimony relations, identify the features of legal regulation of material content relations, propose a model for building material content relations between their various participants and understand the relationship between material content obligations and alimentation obligations. Conclusion. A distinction should be made between material support in the family and alimony. They treat each other as general and private. According to the author, there is a contradiction between the rule established by law that certain categories of persons are liable for material maintenance and the assumption of execution under duress of the same obligation, which must be fulfilled voluntarily. Practical significance. The author of the article believes that the conclusions formulated in the submitted article will be useful for a theoretical understanding of legal relations of alimony, an understanding of the relationship between obligations for material maintenance under family law of the Russian Federation and alimony. Social consequences. the theoretical model proposed by the author of the study as the basis for the possible legislative consolidation and subsequent practice of applying material content, including alimentation, between participants in family relations in conjunction with other measures taken in this direction [6] will allow over time to solve the systemic problem of alimony payments. Originality, value. A correct legal understanding of the legal situation, which causes practical difficulties, will strengthen the rule of law and encourage necessary legislative changes to ensure the most effective regulation of family and alimony relations.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL AND LEGAL DISCOURSE OF ETHNIC AND NATIONAL CONFLICTS IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, KURIUKIN ANDREY
Published: October 2020

The issue of ethnic relations and the conflicts generated by them is acutely relevant. Many branches and directions of modern science study it. Political science and jurisprudence are in the foreground of the modern study of ethno-national conflictology. Over a long period of research, they have developed several influential approaches that have become widespread. The growing complexity of the surrounding political and legal reality, the escalation of conflict in society, including ethno-national, require the search and application of new research paradigms. One of these is the analysis of political and legal discourse, which consists in studying the ways of how legal meanings, ideas, opinions and preferences, which are carried by legislators, are technically and meaningfully embodied in the texts of normative acts, subsequently forming a specific political and legal reality. Analyzing the domestic ethno-conflictological political and legal discourse, the author concludes that in the era of the Russian Empire, the legalization of ethno-national relations had little attention from legislators, the documents adopted in the 19th century carried widespread ideas of the legislative theory and existed unchanged until 1917. The basic paradigm of the Soviet political and legal regulation of ethno-national relations was the ideological dogmas of the theorists of Marxism-Leninism, within which, in Soviet society, such a phenomenon as an ethno-national conflict was denied, but, in fact, existed. At the present stage, after the acute events of the second half of the 1980s - 1990s, a serious system of political and legal regulation of ethno-national relations was developed. It bore fruit. Today, the domestic political and legal regulation of ethno-national relations has the character of a developing system designed to adequately respond to changes. The article can be used to improve the state social and legal policy of the Russian Federation. Also, the materials presented can provide the interest of students, graduate students, teachers, researchers and other people who are interested in the current social, political and legal development of Russia.
THE CONCEPT OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL GUARANTEES OF ELECTORAL RIGHTS
Authors:   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, TROYAN VLADIMIR
Published: October 2020

The relevance of the interpretation of constitutional and legal guarantees of the right to vote is mediated by isolated scientific research in this area, as well as the lack of a universal approach to legal guarantees. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to argue and disclose the author’s definitive aspect of the claimed guarantees. In the work, the author named and characterized the normative (based exclusively on legal means) with the perspective of a branch of legal and technical; regulatory and institutional (combines the formal aspect with the activities of authorized entities) and associated legal (including a set of legal and other aspects) approaches to the definition of legal guarantees. Based on the second approach, as well as combining the guarantees of the right to vote directly guarantees of the subjective right itself and guarantees of its implementation, the author offers a definition of constitutional and legal guarantees of the right to vote.
CONCEPT, ESSENCE AND LEGAL NATURE OF INVESTMENTS
Authors:   Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, SHPINEV YURY
Published: October 2020

Creating a favorable investment climate is one of the most important tasks of the economy, however, the legal regulation of investment activity in Russia has a number of serious shortcomings. The quality of legislation on investment relations depends on an objective and deep understanding of the legal nature of investments. In this regard, the author seeks to study various approaches to determining the legal nature of investments. The methodological base of the research was based on the methods of formal logic and concrete scientific methods, technical-legal and historical-genetic methods. The author's position is based on the current legislation and the opinions of legal scholars on the legal nature and essence of investments. Based on the analysis of current legislation, the author points out the problem of determining investments in normative acts and in legal science. Various approaches to the concept of «legal nature» and «legal essence» and opinions on the legal nature and essence of investments and investment contracts are outlined. The author's definition of the category «legal nature» is proposed. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that in order to establish a unified legal and scientific definition of investments, it is necessary to determine their legal essence and legal nature, which in turn requires studying and describing the primary characteristics of investments in the context of economic science at the time of the emergence of this category.
THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL LIFTS AND SOCIAL LADDERS IN DIGITAL SPACE: LEVELS AND STEPS OF LOWERING AND RISING, MECHANISM OF WORK AND DEVELOPMENT TOOLS, OVER-PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS, MODERN TRENDS, PERSONNEL POLICY
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Labor with the Ministry of Labor and Social Security of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, POPKOV SERGEY , KIRIUKHIN SERGEY ,   Moscow Metropolitan Governance University, SMIRNOV VLADIMIR , VASHALOMIDZE ELENA , YASTREBOVA ELENA ,   Publishing house «Yur-VAK»,   The company «Oboronenergo», Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the transformation of the system of «social lifts» and «social ladders» in the modern world in the context of the rapid development of digital technologies, as well as the issues of their functioning in the digital space. For the first time, the article introduces the definition of «the system of social lifts and social ladders», expands and concretizes such concepts as «social lift», «social ladder», as well as «digital space». The article focuses on the issues of increasing the effectiveness of personnel policy in the state civil service of the Russian Federation. The main problems hindering the development of the state civil service are identified, and proposals are made to improve the efficiency of the state civil service. This article is one of the stages in the study of changes in the system of social lifts and social ladders in the context of the digital transformation of society.
ABOUT SOME LEGISLATIVE INNOVATIONS IN THE FIELD OF TAX CONTROL
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice, Moscow, Russian Federation, DAVYDOVA MARYAM , SADOVSKAYA TATYANA
Published: October 2020

The purpose of research. The article discusses some innovations in legislation in the field of tax control for the current year. The article analyzes the process of transformation of the state's control and Supervisory activities in the context of the digital economy development. The purpose of the study is to establish and identify current trends in the field of tax control on the basis of adopted and developed legislative and regulatory acts. Results. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the best practices of tax authorities ' control work formed the basis for innovations in the sphere of state control and supervision. Today, contactless technologies, expanding the scope of digital tax control, and introducing tools for preventive and operational control are promising areas. At the same time, the problem of systematization of norms on tax control remains relevant. It is noted that the legal regulation of innovative forms of tax control is in the process of formation. It is emphasized that the inevitable digitalization of control and Supervisory activities should not lead to violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of controlled persons.
Monocyte Transmodulation: The Next Novel Therapeutic Approach in Overcoming Ischemic Stroke?
Authors: Park Joohyun , Chang Ji Young , Kim Jong Youl , Lee Jong Eun
Published: October 2020

The immune response following neuroinflammation is a vital element of ischemic stroke pathophysiology. After the onset of ischemic stroke, a specialized vasculature system that effectively protects central nervous system tissues from the invasion of blood cells and other macromolecules is broken down within minutes, thereby triggering the inflammation cascade, including the infiltration of peripheral blood leukocytes. In this series of processes, blood-derived monocytes have a significant effect on the outcome of ischemic stroke through neuroinflammatory responses. As neuroinflammation is a necessary and pivotal component of the reparative process after ischemic stroke, understanding the role of infiltrating monocytes in the modulation of inflammatory responses may offer a great opportunity to explore new therapies for ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss and highlight the function and involvement of monocytes in the brain after ischemic injury, as well as their impact on tissue damage and repair.
Algorithms for Finding Shortest Paths in Networks with Vertex Transfer Penalties
Authors: Lewis Rhyd
Published: October 2020

In this paper we review many of the well-known algorithms for solving the shortest path problem in edge-weighted graphs. We then focus on a variant of this problem in which additional penalties are incurred at the vertices. These penalties can be used to model things like waiting times at road junctions and delays due to transfers in public transport. The usual way of handling such penalties is through graph expansion. As an alternative, we propose two variants of Dijkstra’s algorithm that operate on the original, unexpanded graph. Analyses are then presented to gauge the relative advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Asymptotically, compared to using Dijkstra’s algorithm on expanded graphs, our first variant is faster for very sparse graphs but slower with dense graphs. In contrast, the second variant features identical worst-case run times.
Effects of the Double-Cutting Method for Ratooning Rice in the SALIBU System under Different Soil Moisture Conditions on Grain Yield and Regeneration Rate
Authors: Shiraki Shutaro , Cho Thin Mar , Htay Khin Mar , Yamaoka Kazumi
Published: October 2020

In West Sumatra, Indonesia, a high-yield perennial rice cropping method called SALIBU was recently reported, in which the most unique feature is double cutting (DC) at harvest and after harvest. The objective of this study was to verify the ratooning rice yield under the SALIBU system in Myanmar. Two cultivation trials consisting of two cutting and three moisture treatments were conducted in 2019 and 2020. We concluded that double cutting had no positive effect on grain yield and regeneration rate compared with single cutting (SC). For the cutting regime, significant results were detected in the ratoon crops on yield components, but all of these were negative effects of DC, and were statistically lower than those of SC. On the other hand, a significant positive effect of moisture regime on grain yield in all ratoons was observed. The grain yield of the dry regime was significantly increased by 69% compared with that of the saturated regime. Soil oxidation conditions during the initial growth period of ratoons could contribute to the improved yield performance of the ratoons.
Agricultural Nitrogen Budget for a Long-Term Row Crop Production System in the Midwest USA
Authors: Dattamudi Sanku , Kalita Prasanta K. , Chanda Saoli , Alquwaizany A.S. , S.Sidhu B.
Published: October 2020

In the Midwestern United States, subsurface drainage (commonly known as tile drains) systems have been extensively used for sustaining agricultural production. However, the tile drains have raised concerns of facilitating the transport of agricultural chemicals from the fields to receiving waters. Data from a long-term field experiment in the Little Vermilion River (LVR) watershed of east-central Illinois, USA, shows that the tile drain systems have contributed to increased nitrate N (NO3-N) to the receiving water body, Georgetown Lake Reservoir, over time. We conducted more than 10 years of research on fate and transport of NO3-N in tile drain water, surface runoff and soil N. Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) were planted in rotation for this watershed. We evaluated N balance (inputs and outputs) and transfer (runoff and leaching) components from three sites with both surface and subsurface flow stations within this watershed, and N budgets for individual sites were developed. Nitrogen fertilizer application (average 192 kg ha−1 y−1) and soil N mineralization (average 88 kg ha−1 y−1) were the major N inputs for corn and soybean, respectively in this watershed. Plant N uptake was the major N output for both crops during this entire study period. Annual N uptake for the LVR watershed ranged from +39 to +148 (average +93) kg ha−1 and −63 to +5 (average −32) kg ha−1, respectively, for corn and soybeans. This data indicates that most of the soil mineralized N was used during soybean production years, while corn production years added extra N in the soil. Surface runoff from the watershed was negligible, however, subsurface leaching through tile drains removed about 18% of the total rainfall. Average NO3-N concentrations of leaching water at sites A (15 mg L−1) and B (16.5 mg L−1) exceeded maximum contaminant level (MCL; 10 mg L−1) throughout the experiment. However, NO3-N concentrations from site E (6.9 mg L−1) never exceeded MCL possibly because 15–22% lower N was received at this site. We estimated that the average corn grain yield would need to be 28% higher to remove the additional N from this watershed. Our study suggests that N application schemes of the LVR watershed need to be reevaluated for better N management, optimum crop production, and overall environmental sustainability.
Assessing Effect of Marker-Based Improvement of Maize Synthetics on Agronomic Performance, Carotenoid Content, Combining Ability and Heterosis
Authors: Iseghohi Innocent , Abe Ayodeji , Meseka Silvestro , Mengesha Wende , Gedil Melaku , Menkir Abebe
Published: October 2020

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and other parts of the world. Understanding the effect of marker-based improvement (MARS) of two maize synthetics (HGA and HGB) representing different heterotic groups on their agronomic performance, carotenoid content, and combining abilities could help identify suitable sources to develop divergent inbred lines for optimizing heterosis. This study involved three selection cycles each of the two synthetics and their nine varietal-cross hybrids together with a released check variety was conducted across four diverse locations in Nigeria in 2018 and 2019. Environment and hybrid effects were significant on grain yield and other agronomic traits as well as provitamin A content and other carotenoids. Genetic improvement per cycle of MARS in the parental synthetics was 15% for provitamin A, 25% for β-carotene and 26% for lutein in HGA and 4% for grain yield, 3% for zeaxanthin and 5% for α-carotene in HGB. Grain yield and agronomic traits of the two maize synthetics were controlled by additive and non-additive gene effects, while provitamin A content and other carotenoids were mainly controlled by additive gene effects. Some selection cycles which were high in grain yield and provitamin A content were identified as potential sources of new and divergent maize inbred lines in maize breeding programs. Some varietal-cross hybrids expressed significant mid-parent heterosis for grain yield and moderate mid-parent heterosis for provitamin A, β-carotene and xanthophylls. These hybrids could be commercialized at reasonable prices to small-scale farmers in rural areas that are most affected by vitamin A deficiency.
Does Conversion to Organic Farming Impact Vineyards Yield? A Diachronic Study in Southeastern France
Authors: Merot Anne , Smits Nathalie
Published: October 2020

Given the need to reduce pesticide use and rising consumer demand for healthy food, organic vineyard areas have increased since 2000. Converting to organic farming requires numerous changes in pest and disease management, fertilization and weeding techniques. These changes can lead to difficulties in sustaining yields. Some studies have highlighted higher yields in conventional farming than in organic agriculture, but knowledge on yield dynamics during conversion is lacking. A set of 26 plots, under conventional management and in conversion to organic farming, were monitored from 2013 to 2016 in southern France throughout the three-year conversion phase to investigate the dynamics of grape yield and yield components. The survey showed that the yield and yield components remained similar levels as in conventional farming from the third year of conversion. However, the first two years of conversion were a transitional and less successful period during which yield and yield components decreased. Based on the in-depth analysis of the yield components, we have put forwards hypotheses on the processes at play and technical advice that could support winegrowers as they convert to organic farming.
Response to Salt Stress in Lettuce: Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Shin Yu Kyeong , Bhandari Shiva Ram , Jo Jung Su , Song Jae Woo , Cho Myeong Cheoul , Yang Eun Young , Lee Jun Gu
Published: October 2020

Chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), growth parameters, phytochemical contents [proline, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC)], and antioxidant activities were investigated in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings grown under different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mM) in a controlled environment for eight days. The parameters were evaluated at two days intervals. Almost of the CF and growth parameters as well as phytochemicals were significantly affected by both NaCl concentrations and progressive treatment schedule. The maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII [Y(PSII)], coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), coefficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN), and ratio of fluorescence decline (Rfd) showed decrements only at the highest saline concentration (400 mM), whereas the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII [Y(NO)] exhibited a dissipation trend. All the growth parameters decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations, showing the highest decrease (~8 fold) in shoot fresh weight, compared to control seedlings. Proline significantly increased with increasing NaCl concentration and treatment time. Other phytochemicals decreased with the increase in NaCl concentration and reached their lowest at 400 mM. Overall, the results showed major changes in all parameters when the seedlings were grown at a NaCl concentration of 400 mM. The present findings will be useful for understanding the differential effect of NaCl concentrations in lettuce seedlings, and also might be useful to optimize the NaCl concentrations in other crops grown in controlled environmental conditions.