bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on degradation mechanism of polymer blockages in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs
Authors: Dong Wenting , Zhang Dong , Wang Keliang , Qiu Yue
Published: March 2020

Polymer flooding technology has shown satisfactorily acceptable performance in improving oil recovery from unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. The adsorption of the polymer in the pore leads to the increase of injection pressure and the decrease of suction index, which affects the effect of polymer flooding. In this article, the water and oil content of polymer blockages, which are taken from Bohai Oilfield, are measured by weighing method. In addition, the synchronous thermal analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to evaluate the composition and functional groups of the blockage, respectively. Then the core flooding experiments are also utilized to assess the effect of polymer plugs on reservoir properties and optimize the best degradant formulation. The results of this investigation show that the polymer adsorption in core after polymer flooding is 0.0068 g, which results in a permeability damage rate of 74.8%. The degradation ability of the agent consisting of 1% oxidizer SA-HB and 10% HCl is the best, the viscosity of the system decreases from 501.7 to 468.5 mPa‧s.
Investigation on the effect of active-polymers with different functional groups for EOR
Authors: Zhang Dong , Wei Jian Guang , Zhou Run Nan
Published: March 2020

Active-polymer attracted increasing interest as an enhancing oil recovery technology in oilfield development owing to the characteristics of polymer and surfactant. Different types of active functional groups, which grafted on the polymer branched chain, have different effects on the oil displacement performance of the active-polymers. In this article, the determination of molecular size and viscosity of active-polymers were characterized by Scatterer and Rheometer to detect the expanded swept volume ability. And the Leica microscope was used to evaluate the emulsifying property of the active-polymers, which confirmed the oil sweep efficiency. Results show that the Type I active-polymer have a greater molecular size and stronger viscosity, which is a profile control system for expanding the swept volume. The emulsification performance of Type III active-polymer is more stable, which is suitable for improving the oil cleaning efficiency. The results obtained in this paper reveal the application prospect of the active-polymer to enhance oil recovery in the development of oilfields.
ZnO-assisted coating of tetracalcium phosphate/ gelatin on the polyethylene terephthalate woven nets by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Zhou Juan , Cheng Jiejun , Zhu Jun , He Dannong
Published: March 2020

A new kind of coating consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO)/tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP)/gelatin (Gel) on the PET woven nets is prepared chemically by the method of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and hydrothermal method. The prepared materials are confirmed by XRD and SEM. XRD results show that ZnO and TTCP are well coated on the surface of PET woven nets and ALD-assisted ZnO leads to a surprising coating adhesion of about 8 MPa. Furthermore, SEM results indicate the diameter and morphology of ZnO, TTCP and Gel of PET woven nets. And the water contact angles of PET’s surface are decreased with ZnO, TTCP and Gel of PET woven nets. Moreover, the confocal imaging of NIH3T3 cells shows that the obtained product could promote the cells proliferation, which indicates that the good biocompatibility of the prepared PET/ZnO/TTCP/ Gel woven builds a foundation for their future application. The results aim to obtain an efficient method to modify PET for fabricating an ideal artificial implant meeting the clinical needs, and imply a positive effect in promoting the compatibility of PET for enhancing graft-bone healing after implantation.
Acquisition of broken plural patterns by Jordanian children
Authors: Mashaqba Bassil , Al-Khawaldeh Nisreen , AlGweirien Hussein , Al-Edwan Yasir
Published: March 2020

This study examines the acquisition of broken plural (BP) patterns generated by child speakers of Jordanian Arabic (JA). Data were collected from 20 Jordanian children via an experimental production test. Children were given pictures of a set of singular entities depicting nouns and pictures containing their plural counterparts, and they were asked to say the names of the items in the pictures in an attempt to provide their corresponding plural forms. The results reveal that the acquisition of correct BP patterns appears critical for children. The feminine sound plural (FSP) was employed as the default pattern by children and thus is acquired before the BP, with the acquired patterns mainly shaped by productivity, predictability (but not familiarity) and overgeneralization (morphological, phonological, and semantic). Based on the oral speech corpus produced by adult JA speakers, published in Semarchive, a rough count of plural pattern frequencies was undertaken. The FSP proved to be less frequent than BPs in tokens and can thus be considered a minority default, a finding that calls into question the validity of Boudelaa and Gaskell’s corpus (2002. A re-examination of the default system for Arabic plurals. Language and Cognitive Processes 17(3). 321–343) on JA. Although 3- to 5-year-old children use the FSP as the most productive pattern, frequency does not significantly contribute to the predictability of the distribution in shaping the correct plural form at this stage of learning BPs.
Das Ende eines Automobil-Konzerns – der Borgward-Konkurs und die Bremer Politik
Authors: Wixforth Harald
Published: March 2020

The end of an automobile company – Borgward’s bankruptcy and Bremen politics.

The collapse of the Borgward company in early 1961 was not only a shocking moment for Bremen, but for the entire German automobile industry. The circumstances of the largest bankruptcy of a German company at the time have repeatedly been subject to debate, especially concerning suspicions and accusations about who was to blame. Those responsible in Bremen politics at the time have especially been the focus of attention and criticism since then. The following study aims to show that grave mistakes within the management of Borgward, such as wrong choices concerning corporate strategy, excessive production- and sales-costs and an antiquated style of leadership, were responsible for the bankruptcy, not Bremen’s politicians. This highlights that a scientifically ambitious historical revision of the Borgward-bankruptcy needs to review new aspects of the story rather than following the approach of previous studies in order to not fall victim to conspiracy theories or ill-founded suspicions.
«Bankenmacht», «Verwaltungsherrschaft», «Aktionärsdemokratie»?
Authors: Ziegler Dieter
Published: March 2020

«Bankenmacht», «Verwaltungsherrschaft», «Aktionärsdemokratie»? On the problem of management control in German stock corporations 1870 to 1931

The liberalization of stock company law in Prussia and the North German Confederation respectively as well as the abolition of state concessions as a prerequisite for the formation of a joint-stock company led to a debate about the means of control regarding joint-stock companies. The new stock company law instituted supervisory boards as a controlling body, as a mandatory «contracted general assembly», but did not elaborate on a clear definition of their duties. Yet, since the end of the so called «Gründerboom» in 1873, it became more and more apparent that the supervisory boards failed to provide adequate supervision. The law was amended in 1884 accordingly, in order to increase the supervisory boards’ means of control over the executive board. Subsequently, many joint-stock companies developed an oligarchic power structure, which cut down on shareholder protection rights. Banks were heavily involved in this process due to their voting rights as «inside shareholders», but by no means would it be suitable to label this as «Bankenherrschaft».
Die Oberschlesische Kohlenkonvention – eine «kleine Familienvereinigung»?
Authors: Beyer Christian
Published: March 2020

The Upper Silesian Coal Convention – a «family affair»?

This article presents new evidence on the Upper Silesian Coal Convention, a coal-mining cartel in Upper Silesia, in existence from 1898 to 1925. The cartel had evolved from collusive agreements dating back to 1890 and accounted for approximately one fourth of Germany’s coal supply. Yet, market coverage and longevity of the convention, as well as the economic importance of the Upper Silesian industrial district in general, imply that this cartel has been understated in historical research so far. Aristocratic industrialists, the leading group of entrepreneurs in Upper Silesia, shaped the formation and operation of the cartel. They induced an oligopolistic market structure and social homogeneity among cartel members that facilitated cartel formation in Upper Silesia.
PORTUGUESE GRAMMAR INSTRUCTION: VIEWS OF HERITAGE AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNERS
Authors: Silva Gláucia
Published: March 2020

Research on learner perception has shown that foreign language (FL) learners consider formal grammar study quite important (SCHULZ, 1996). However, we know little about perceptions and beliefs of heritage language (HL) learners in what relates to grammar instruction. In a qualitative study on HL instruction at the college level, Schwarzer and Petrón (2005) do include the opinions of their participants on grammar instruction: that formal grammar instruction, as done in FL classes, was not useful for them. In fact, it is now accepted that HL instruction needs to be different from FL instruction (e.g., BEAUDRIE; DUCAR; POTOWSKI, 2014; PARODI, 2008). Nevertheless, most HL learners of Portuguese at the university level take FL classes, even if an HL track is available. Given this scenario, this paper discusses 1) whether HL and FL learners of Portuguese prefer formal or integrated/contextualized grammar instruction, and 2) whether they believe explicit grammar instruction helps their linguistic development in Portuguese. The methodology consisted of a survey among college students matriculated in Portuguese language classes in a U.S. university. Results suggest that HL learners tend to prefer integrated/contextualized grammar instruction, whereas the FL group does not appear to have a clear preference. However, both groups of learners see value in explicit grammar instruction, which does not necessarily contrast with contextualized instruction (ELLIS, 21016). The paper also includes a discussion of pedagogical implications based on the findings presented.Keywords: Heritage language; foreign language; learners’ views; grammar instruction.
Dimensi Ontologis-Etis Konsepsi Ketuhanan Islam: Analisis Hermeneutika Sintetis-Logis Fazlur Rahman dan al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī
Authors: Amrizal Amrizal
Published: March 2020

As as muslim, it is important to clear up the view of the Godness in Islam which is often misunderstood by some people. Its urgency not only as an enlightment for nonmuslim on Islam, moreover to some of muslim community today. One of those is the accusation which the conception of God in Islam is arbitrarily, cruel, desire to worshipped, requires to defensed brutally, etc. Fazlur Rahman has tried to answer this accusation using Synthetic-Logical Hermenenutics by describing three important conceptions about God in al-Qur’an, namely: the dependency of everything to God, the mercy of God, and the necessary relation between God and human. However, Fazlur Rahman elaborated Moral-Ethical aspect only, minus ontological aspect which is precisely important to answer the accusation above. This minus can be very well covered by `Allamah al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī’s Tafsīr. By the synthesis of both, the accusation is not only indisputable, but will provide a profound explanation on Godness in Islam. So, then it will appear that the conception of God in Islam not only has a dimension of theological-ethic but firmly philosophical-theoritic.
Metodologi dan Isu-Isu Krusial Tafsir Susastra Bint al-Shāṭi’: Sebuah Penghampiran Singkat
Authors: Ulinnuha Muhammad
Published: March 2020

‘Ā’ishah ‘Abd al-Raḥmān bint al-Shāṭi’ (1913-1998) was an Egyptian female scholar who successfully applied a literary approach to interpreting the Qur’an. He put the idea in one of his monumental works, namely al-Tafsīr al-Bayānī li al-Qur’ān al-Karīm. This paper seeks to explain aspects of the interpretation methodology and some of the crucial issues in it. In the aspect of methodology, will be explained about the background of writing, sources, systematics, methods and interpretation patterns. While some crucial issues discussed are about the discourse of synonymity, asbabun nuzul and israiliyat. At the end of this article also comes with some critical notes on the thematic methods offered by Bint al-Shāṭi'’
Antiemetics in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Niño-Serna Laura F. , Acosta-Reyes Jorge , Veroniki Areti-Angeliki , Florez Ivan D.
Published: March 2020

CONTEXT:

Several antiemetics have been used in children with acute gastroenteritis. However, there is still controversy over their use.

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the effectiveness and safety of antiemetics for controlling vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis.

DATA SOURCES:

Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin America and the Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences, and gray literature, until December 2018.

STUDY SELECTION:

We selected randomized clinical trials comparing metoclopramide, ondansetron, domperidone, dexamethasone, dimenhydrinate, and granisetron.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers independently screened abstracts and full texts, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. We performed pairwise and network meta-analysis using the random-effects model.

RESULTS:

Twenty-four studies were included (3482 children). Ondansetron revealed the largest effect in comparison to placebo for cessation of vomiting (odds ratio = 0.28 [95% credible interval = 0.16 to 0.46]; quality of evidence: high) and for hospitalization (odds ratio = 2.93 [95% credible interval = 1.69 to 6.18]; quality of evidence: moderate). Ondansetron was the only intervention that reduced the need for intravenous rehydration and the number of vomiting episodes. When considering side effects, dimenhydrinate was the only intervention that was worse than placebo.

LIMITATIONS:

Most treatment comparisons had low- or very low–quality evidence, because of risk of biases and imprecise estimates.

CONCLUSIONS:

Ondansetron is the only intervention that revealed an effect on the cessation of vomiting, on preventing hospitalizations, and in reducing the need for intravenous rehydration. Ondansetron was also considered a safe intervention.
Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis due to the use of rifampicin. Case report
Authors: Motta Juan Camilo , Rodríguez Camilo Andrés , Cortes Camilo , Escobar Jaime
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Rifampin is a cornerstone for the first phase of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. This report presents the case of a patient with allergic tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) due to rifampin, situation that has not been reported in Colombia.Case presentation: A male patient with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis treated with rifampin developed acute kidney injury. On admission, no evidence of abnormalities or history to explain the injury was found, but he did present tubular acidosis and associated Fanconi syndrome. The kidney injury was temporarily consistent with rifampicin use, and a kidney biopsy confirmed ATIN. The drug was suspended, resulting in improved kidney function.Discussion: ATIN as a side effect of rifampin is a scarcely reported disease. The risk of developing this condition should be considered when starting and restarting treatments with this medication.Conclusion: ATIN is one of the side effects of tuberculosis treatment. Albeit rare, it should be considered when starting tuberculosis medications.
Giant right coronary artery aneurysm. Case Report
Authors: Hernández-Mejía Benjamín Iván , Espinoza-Saquicela Edison Ricardo
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Coronary aneurysms are rare and are linked to drug abuse; symptomatology depends on the coronary anatomy. This is a case of acute coronary syndrome associated with a giant right coronary aneurysm.Case description: A 40-year-old male, with history of heroin and crack use since age 20, attended consultation due to dyspnea, stable angina and diaphoresis. An electrocardiogram showed ST segment overlay on the underside and troponin problems. A coronary catheterization was performed, which revealed apparent inconclusive aortato-right atrium fistula. Based on the findings, angiotomography and magnetic resonance imaging were performed, finding a giant right coronary aneurysm. The aneurysm was resected using extracorporeal circuit, femoral cannulation, moderate hypothermia, aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegia, and the right coronary artery was revascularized with the left internal saphenous vein. The patient had a satisfactory postoperative period and was discharged after 7 days.Conclusion: There is an important association between drug use and the development of coronary aneurysms. Aneurysm size makes diagnosis difficult, so complementary studies are necessary to establish a differential diagnosis. An appropriate surgical approach allows for a complete resection of the aneurysm and optimal coronary revascularization.
Potencia y actividad electromiográfica en voleibolistas Universitarios
Authors: Aedo-Muñoz Esteban , Tamayo Contreras Valentin , Rojas Reyes Cristian , Hernández Wimmer Cristian , Brito Ciro , Miarka Bianca , Arghoty Bucheli Rodrigo , Dal Bello Fabio , Herrera Valenzuela Tomás
Published: March 2020

El propósito del estudio fue determinar la potencia relativa del miembro inferior y actividad electromiográfica de superficie (EMGs) del glúteo mayor (GM), vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL) y gastrocnemio lateral (GASLAT), durante un salto contramovimiento (CMJ) y un salto Abalakov (ABK). Un total de 24 voleibolistas universitarios se dividieron en dos grupos iguales asignados por el nivel de competencia. Grupo 1 (G1) compuesto por voleibolistas de 1ª división universitaria y grupo 2 (G2) compuesto por voleibolistas de 2ª división universitaria, estos fueron sometidos a dos evaluaciones simultáneas de potencia y EMGs. Para la potencia se utilizó un sistema de grabación en 2D, realizando un seguimiento del trocánter mayor con una camara de 250 fps. Esta grabación se sometió a una medición por medio de software (Tracker), para obtener los valores de potencia absoluta. La EMGs se realizó por medio de un electromiógrafo Delsys Trigno en los músculos GM, VM, VL y GASLAT. Se presentaron diferencias significativas en %PeakRMS del VL (G1=65.210.2; G2=54.0±11.7 %PeakRMS; p<0.05) en CMJ, mientras que en ABK presentaron diferencias significativas VL (G1=69.6±17.3; G2=55.1±12.3 %PeakRMS; p<0.05) y GASLAT (G1=61.4±13.4; G2=50.6±7.2 %PeakRMS; p<0.05), para la potencia relativa no se presentaron diferencias significativas entre CMJ (p>0.05) y ABK (p>0.05).
ELEMENTS OF THE STEM CONCEPT IN TECHNOLOGY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING TO HELP PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT IN CLASS 1 - 4
Authors: Kalinova Angelina
Published: March 2020

STEM is the acronym of the first letters in English of science, technology, engineering, and maths. This is a training concept that is related to inspiring young people to develop in the field of science and technology. This concept implies a holistic approach in education - learning all the subjects studied to contribute to inspiring students and to educating personal qualities for successful realization in the field of science and technology. From a didactic point of view, this concept implies unity between content and organization of learning, between teaching and learning.
The implementation of STEM training in elementary school corresponds to one of the applications of this concept, namely that development itself is an irreversible process characterized by favorable sensory periods. The sooner STEM training takes place, the better. In economically developed countries there are real practices of introducing STEM training even for the youngest children of 3+ years.
The object of the present study is the technology and entrepreneurship education as an element of STEM training in elementary school, and the subject - the personal development of students in technology and entrepreneurship education as an element of STEM training in elementary school.
The aim of the paper is to present our approaches to technology and entrepreneurship education as an element of STEM training to support the personal development of pupils of primary school age.
In the course of the research we carry out the following tasks:
1. Clarifying the essence of STEM training.
2. Developing approaches to technology and entrepreneurship education to help students' personal development.
3. Matching the results of technology and entrepreneurship training to labor market requirements.
SUPERVISION IN THE SOCIAL PRACTICE OF ART THERAPY AND COUNSELING
Authors: Boiadjieva Nely
Published: March 2020

Supervision is viewed within the process of art-therapy and counseling in social work practice as an applied field of social pedagogy. The consulting and counseling within the helping professions in the social sphere is viewed as an important issue in the university training of specialists working with individuals, families and groups with different problems. The specifics of the consulting and counseling in the social sphere have been defined. On the basis of the analysis and the study of one’s own teaching experience as well as the empirical study of the feedback from students` opinions conclusions have been made about the problems of the methodology of the preparation for the helping professions. Attitudes towards professional counseling, self-estimation of the level of education and expectations for realization in the social sphere have been viewed as indirect orientations. In the end some generalization are made about the practice of supervision in art-therapy and counseling in social practice and teaching.
Травелоги югославских писательниц первой половины ХХ века: в поисках идентичности
Authors: БОДРОВА А. Г.
Published: March 2020

The paper considers travelogues of Yugoslav female writers Alma Karlin, Jelena Dimitrijević, Isidora Sekulić, Marica Gregorič Stepančič, Marica Strnad, Luiza Pesjak. These texts created in the first half of the 20th century in Serbian, Slovenian and German are on the periphery of the literary field and, with rare exceptions, do not belong to the canon. The most famous of these authors are Sekulić from Serbia and the German-speaking writer Karlin from Slovenia. Recently, the work of Dimitrijević has also become an object of attention of researchers. Other travelogues writers are almost forgotten.

Identity problems, especially national ones, are a constant component of the travelogue genre. During a journey, the author directs his attention to “other / alien” peoples and cultures that can be called foreign to the perceiving consciousness. However, when one perceives the “other”, one inevitably turns to one's “own”, one's own identity. The concept of “own - other / alien”, on which the dialogical philosophy is based (M. Buber, G. Marcel, M. Bakhtin, E. Levinas), implies an understanding of the cultural “own” against the background of the “alien” and at the same time culturally “alien” on the background of “own”.

Women's travel has a special status in culture. Even in the first half of the 20th century the woman was given space at home. Going on a journey, especially unaccompanied, was at least unusual for a woman. According to Simone de Beauvoir, a woman in society is “different / other”. Therefore, women's travelogues can be defined as the look of the “other” on the “other / alien”.

In this paper, particular attention is paid to the interrelationship of gender, national identities and their conditioning with a cultural and historical context. At the beginning of the 20th century in the Balkans, national identity continues actively to develop and the process of women's emancipation is intensifying. Therefore, the combination of gender and national issues for Yugoslavian female travelogues of this period is especially relevant.

Dimitrijević's travelogue Seven Seas and Three Oceans demonstrates this relationship most vividly: “We Serbian women are no less patriotic than Egyptian women... Haven't Serbian women most of the merit that the big Yugoslavia originated from small Serbia?”

As a result of this study, the specificity of the national and gender identity constructs in the first half of the 20th century in the analyzed texts is revealed. For this period one can note, on the one hand, the preservation of national and gender boundaries, often supported by stereotypes, on the other hand, there are obvious tendencies towards the erosion of the established gender and national constructs, the mobility of models of gender and national identification as well, largely due to the sociohistorical processes of the time.
Штрихи к лингвистическому портрету А. М. Пешковского в контексте научной полемики его времени
Authors: НИКИТИН О. В.
Published: March 2020

This paper reveals little-known episodes from A. Peshkovsky's scientific biography and analyses some fragments of his books and articles in the 1920s and 1930s that became the focus of linguistic discussions and showed ambiguous ideological situation in the science of that time. Special attention is paid to the formation of A. Peshkovsky as a linguist and methodist. His first works on “school and scientific grammar” that laid the foundations of the modern approach to the study of the theory and practice of syntax are analysed.

It is noted that the studies by A. Peshkovsky teetered at the level of implementing the ideas of the old Moscow linguistic school of academicians Fortunatov and Shakhmatov, while gravitating toward the insight of A. Potebnya and yet showing at the same time a different way of understanding grammatical ideas. The author claims that A. Peshkovsky went from the traditional diachronic analysis in the direction of the formal approach, while not abandoning “the psychological perception of the word”. A. Peshkovsky, a reformer taking a stand in his search and linguistic experiments against the Marrist and tunnel-visioned understanding of the tasks of Soviet linguistics and methodological science, was subjected to unfair criticism for his stance.

The discussions that took place at that time testify to the consistency and scientific integrity of the scientist's views in the era of the struggle against “eclecticism”, “formalism”, and “incorrigible Indo-Europeanism”. The paper presents some instances of correspondence disputes by V. Voloshinov and M. Bakhtin with A. Peshkovsky on the issues in relationship of grammar and stylistics. His opponents believed that “grammar detached from the semantic and stylistic side of speech inevitably degenerates into scholasticism”. Drawing on materials from archives and personal collection, the author of this paper gives unique facts of the lexicographical activity of A. Peshkovsky in the early 1920s related to his work on the explanatory dictionary of the Russian literary language (not published).

The closing part of the paper analyses the dispute between L. Timofeev and A. Peshkovsky. It is stated that “the new theory of the rhythm of prose” by A. Peshkovsky and his works on psychophonetics caused an ambiguous reaction in the philological community and contributed to the activation of research seeking for a “system of division of prose into units” and other experiments on the study of literary texts. Consideration is also given to the works by A. Peshkovsky in the 1930s, in which the scientist solved new problems in the field of formal characteristics of words and word combinations, wrote about the functioning of literary speech as well as the role of intonation in the formation of the syntactic structure of the sentence. Emphasis is laid on the originality and experimental character of many theses by A. Peshkovsky further developed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Nutrient recycling by using residues from forest industry
Authors: Claesson Tommy , Sarenbo Sirkku , Mellbo Peter , Stålnacke Olof
Published: March 2020

A major part of residues from pulp industry are deposited as waste at high disposal costs. Thispaper summarizes a five-year research project concerning implementation of an industrial,automatic roll-pelletizing method at a heating plant in the city of Kalmar, Sweden and presentsthe visions of the newly initiated research project where pulp industry residues are recycledtogether with wood ash. Also combustion issues are included.
Hydrological aspects of an industrial landfill
Authors: Kängsepp Pille , Dahlblom Peter
Published: March 2020

A water balance for a landfill in the South-West of Sweden has been performed. The waterbalance is based on measured values of leachate and calculated values of potentialevaporation using Penman's equation. The calculations include a period of 6 years (1995-200 I). During this period, the yearly precipitation was 6 I 0-1180 mm in the Halmstad area. Itwas concluded that the total storage of leachate in the landfill and in the ponds increased withtime. If increasing tendency will proceed then the amount of leachate generated might behigher during the next years and similar to results found in the literature. There is a need forthe more physical based model, the Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP)model, for calculation in order to take into account the top cover soils and vegetationinfluence.
Possibilities of applying biosorption systems for ballast water treatment
Authors: Racys Viktoras , Valunas Irmantas , Urniezaite Inga
Published: March 2020

This article represents applying of biosorption process for the treatment of wastewater,contaminated with light oil products, SC "Klaipedos nafta", which works in the field oftransshipment of oil and its products in Lithuania, has installed biosorbers for the treatmentof ballast and bilge water from the vessels, Biosorption process is sustained by integratedrunning of the Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) and the active branches of particularmicroorganisms, This wastewater treatment method is preeminent for treatment of this kindof wastewater, comparing with the treatment efficiency of other methods, Wastewater ispumped into biosorbers after flotation and remaining concentration of Total PetroleumHydrocarbons (TPH) varies about 2 mg/L At the very beginning of the biosorbers operationwastewater treatment efficiency of 0.2 mg/I was reached, For the process control mainparameters are being analyzed: sorption capacity of the activated carbon, biomass amountand enzymatic activity of the microorganisms. Interdependence of the values of theseparameters and treatment efficiency according to TPH is being established, Obtained resultssupport the theory of biosorption process and the process workability for the treatment ofwastewater, polluted with light oil products, In this article there are given principletechnological solutions and parameters of the biosorbers in SC "Klaipedos nafta",
Anthropogenicly changed soddy-podzolic soils of the east part of Deyma basin
Authors: Umansky Anton
Published: March 2020

Anthropogenicly changed soils are very intresting for investigators. Studies conducted on 3key plots with the purpose of study of current state of a soil mantle of basin river Deyma,have revealed an inaccuracy of existing cartographical datas. The chemical andphysicochemical properties of the anthropogenicly changed soils are considered.
Water reclamation & phyto -technologies
Authors: Giannotti Maurizio
Published: March 2020

In this paper conventional and innovative phyto-technologies, applied on different kinds ofpolluted waters to obtain their safe reuse, are showed. Today, the last frontier ofenvironmental recovery in the world is: Water Reclamation. Most important targets of waterreclamation are: recover and reuse wastewaters in safety, freshwater aquifer recharge, publichealth protection, and new economic viable source. There are a lot of technologies to treatdifferent kinds of wastewaters (urban, industrial, zootechnical, etc), but conventionaltechnologies able to treat, recover and reuse wastewaters in the same time, are very few and soexpensive that the cost of recovered water is no sustainable by public administrations; overallin the developing countries in Africa, Asia, South and Centre America (F AO-WHO).In the latest years, phyto-technologies proved their efficiency in the wastewater reclamationand their cheap and easy way to be built and maintained. The phyto-technologies experiencesshown in this paper are applied on polluted waters from industries and agroindustries, pigfeedlot, towns, and polluted water of rivers and/or lakes. The paper is completed withanalytical data and results; compared with national and/or international (F AO-WHO) lawlimits for reclaimed waters; and building and maintenance costs, compared with conventionalactivated sludge systems.We speak about projects financed by public administrations or international organizations(F AO-European Union) and realized to reclaim and reuse treated wastewaters usingconventional and/or advanced phytoremediation technologies. All this has opened a newcheap and easy way, to reuse in safety treated waters, to protect environment, and to controlfresh water pollution.
Hydrogeological investigations in preparation of an in situ bioremediation strategy based on a novel bacterial desulfitobacterium dichloroeliminans strain DCAl
Authors: Smith Katherine A. , Vandenbohed Alexander , Maes Ann , Verstraet Willy , Lebbe Luc
Published: March 2020

Understanding the wide variety of aquifer physical, chemical and microbiological processes is necessary for the effective implementation of in situ bioaugmentation strategies. Therefore, a numerical density dependent 3D solute transport model MOCDENS3D was developed in combination with field experiments to characterise the subsurface control parameters. This also allowed for the study of the effect of aquifer heterogeneity upon the fate and transport of the reactive solutes and the injected bacterial strain.

 These investigations were conducted during the evaluation of an in situ bioremediation strategy intended for the cleanup of a test site. The site lies within a historically 1,2- dichloroethane (l ,2-DCA) contaminated sandy phreatic aquifer in Tessenderlo (Belgium). The halogenated compound has a putative carcinogenic effect and a high recalcitrance towards reductive dechlorination. The isolation of the novel anaerobic Desulfitobacterium dichloroeliminans strain DCAI from the soil matrix of the Tessenderlo site at LabMET (Ghent University, Belgium) offered perspectives for the execution of a bioaugmentation strategy at this site, since this strain selectively degrades 1,2-DCA to ethene under anaerobic conditions without the production of toxic vinyl chloride.

 First, a step-drawdown pumping test followed by a forced gradient multiple-well tracer test was conducted to obtain values for the hydrogeological parameters such as hydraulic conductivity, longitudinal and transverse dispersivity and effective porosity. The solute transport model was used as a predictive field-scale modelling tool in aid of designing the preliminary field tests as well as the bacterial injection. The aim of the latter was the assessment of the transport of the augmented strain DCAI. Prior modelling of these experiments provides an insight in the possible design strategies and hence, it can be concluded that profound preliminary field investigation aided by a solute transport model such as MOCDENS3D, results in a more time- and cost-effective execution of large scale cleanup processes of contaminated sites.
Phytoremediation of landfill leachate in constructed wetland
Authors: Truu Jaak , Juhanson Jaanis , Kriipsalu Mait , Seene Marit
Published: March 2020

The integrated remediation plan of the Laguja landfill, Estonia, includes creation of aconstructed wetland for treatment of landfill leachate. A mesocosm experiment wasconducted in order to estimate the impact of different plant species on purification efficiencyof wetland. The quality of water in mesocosms was monitored during vegetation period. Allplant treatments enhanced reduction of organic matter (BOD: 87-96%, COD: ca 30%, TOC:ca 50%) as well as ammonia and total nitrogen in water compared to unplanted control.Presence of plants enhanced biodegradative bacterial abundance and activity as well asmetabolic diversity of microbial community in water. Water samples from all plant treatmentswere characterized by distinct microbial communities as revealed by molecular fingerprintingtechniques. Most different from the rest of microbial communities were water samples frommesocosm with plants on floating mats. Our results show that in free-water constructedwetlands with vegetation the purification efficiency is not dependent on plant species, whilestructure of water microbial community differs due to plant species.
Veronica becabonga L. as a hyperaccumulatorplant for cadmium
Authors: Hosseini Naser , Mahdiyeh Majid , Salehi Hossein
Published: March 2020

Heavy metal pollution of water is a major environmental problem facing the modem world.The major objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of water-speedwell plant,Veronica becabonga L. to uptake and accumulate heavy metal cadmium under greenhouseconditions, Veronica becabonga L., were cultured in 3% Hoagland's nutrient medium, whichwas supplemented with 0, 25, 50,100, 200, 300 mg/I of Cd(NO3)2 4H2O over one weektreatment period. Plants were harvested at the end of this period and heavy metals from theentire shoot tissue was extracted using the closed Teflon vessel method and metal content inthe extract was estimated using a Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The resultsshowed that the uptake and accumulation of Cd in V becabonga L. showed significantincrease when metal concentration was increased. The highest amount of Cd accumulationwas detected at 100mg/I Cd(NO3)24H2O in the culture solution that was 20660.3 mg/kg DWof shoots. The linear pattern of uptake suggest the involvement of both active and passivetransport mechanisms for Cd uptake, Finally, since the high concentrations cadmiumaccumulation in shoots of plants has far exceeded 0.01% DW V becabonga L. is ahyperaccumulator plant for this metal and has potential for phytoremediation of watercontaminated with cadmium,
Some aspects of restoration of degradated sewage receivers
Authors: Komorowski Hubert , Karczmarczyk Agnieszka , Mosiej Jozef
Published: March 2020

Bottom sediments are naturally connected with water body of the river and it is essential inpollutant balance, Natural phosphorus cycle in water environment is sedimentation cycle,Once introduced to water ecosystem can be removed by different chemical, biological andphysical processes and loses its environmental mobility as a sediment component,In studied case the contaminants load was radically reduced by construction of wastewatertreatment plant in city of Lodz, But the water quality improvement was not commensurate tothis reduction, Such situation could be the result of increased phosphorus release fromsediments deposed in the course of decades in river bed, On the distance the phosphateconcentration increases up to 25 km downstream the WWfP outlet and it can not beexplained by other pollution sources. The phosphorus content in the sediment is as high as 27 1 mg kg- dw, The equilibrium phosphate concentration (EPCo) experiment showed that itcould be released to water body, The preliminary results showed that EPCo value exceed in 3 some points limit polish water quality norm and amount to 1.2 mg PO4 dm- in oxic condition,
Study on recovery of biogas from mixed biowaste for regional biogasification system
Authors: Komatsu Toshihiro , Inaba Rokuta , Furuichi Tohru , Nishi Norio , Tanikawa Noboru
Published: March 2020

Even in Japan, the energy recovery from a waste became the importance by not only wastetreatment problem but also environmental problem which carbon dioxide (CO2) causes. Theenergy recovery is being measured from organic waste. However, the construction of thedisposing facility does not advance in actually various factors. As the one factor, the property ofa organic waste variously changes by the discharge source such as home, food shop, supermarket, farm, sewage treatment plant, etc., and the energy recovery ratio changes with it. In thisstudy, the biogas generation of the waste which arose actually was obtained experimentally. Inaddition, the following were examined using waste generation in the region and the biogas frombiowaste : Electric power recovery, heat recovery, CO2 emission. In the garbage discharged, thegas generation magnification showed the very high, The gas yields seemed to be very high forbiowastes, since these is originally offered as foods. In case of the livestock manure, the gasyield over about 16 times per manure was obtained. The gas yield is not very dependent on theorganic substance content. This cause the bedding was included in the manure, and it seemed toaffect the organic substance content by the content and type. In case of the sewage sludge, thegas yield of about 3.5 times per sludge was got. As a result of the trial based on the wastegeneration in the region, electric power, heat can be utilized effectively. In addition, that thereduction was also possible on CO2 emission clarified.
Intensive dispersion technologies for extraction of humic substances from peat
Authors: Sire Janis , Klavins Maris
Published: March 2020

Humic substances are abundant in the environment and they can be isolated in preparativequantities from low rank coal, peat and soil. Traditionally for their isolation treatment withsolutions of Na OH, KOH or metal salts (K4P2O7) has been used. The aim of this article is toapply intensive extraction technologies for isolation ofhumic acids from peatUsed technologies provide opportunities to obtain peat humic substances with significantlyhigher yields and more rapidly than traditional boiling in alkalic solutions. During thetreatment peat fibers are subjected to major destruction.
Modified PLLA: effect of BPADD on properties
Authors: Zhao Lisha , Cai Yanhua
Published: March 2020

Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) modified by a new organic nucleating agent, N,N′-dodecanedioic bis(piperonylic acid) dihydrazide (BPADD), was fabricated, and its crystallization, melting behavior, thermal stability, fluidity and mechanical properties were investigated. The melt-crystallization behavior proved that BPADD could bring about a fast nucleation rate to promote the crystallization of PLLA; 2 wt% BPADD exhibited the best crystallization accelerating effect due to having the highest crystallization onset temperature and the highest melt-crystallization temperature. However, PLLA/3% BPADD had the largest melt-crystallization enthalpy. In addition, the frontier orbital energy indicated that the nucleation effect of BPADD on PLLA might be attributed to intermolecular interaction. The melt crystallization also depended on two critical factors, the cooling rate and final melting temperature. An increase in BPADD content led to greater inhibition of crystal growth during cold crystallization. The differences in the melting behavior of PLLA/BPADD samples reflected the previous crystallization process, the heating rate and BPADD content. BPADD was harmful to maintaining the thermal stability of PLLA; however, the intermolecular interaction could prevent the decomposition onset temperature from continuously decreasing. The usage of BPADD resulted in better fluidity and higher tensile strength; the tensile modulus and elongation at break were associated with BPADD content.
Evaluation of Screening Tests for Cognitive Impairment in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Drew David A. , Tighiouart Hocine , Rollins Jasmine , Duncan Sarah , Babroudi Seda , Scott Tammy , Weiner Daniel E. , Sarnak Mark J.
Published: March 2020

Significance Statement

Cognitive impairment is common among individuals receiving maintenance hemodialysis, but few data exist regarding how well screening tests for cognitive function perform in this population. The authors assessed the ability of the Mini Mental State Examination, the Modified Mini Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Trail Making Test Part B, the Mini-Cog test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test to predict severe cognitive impairment in a cohort of 150 patients on dialysis whose cognitive status had been first defined with a battery of neurocognitive tests. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was the best-performing overall screening test, and the authors recommend it as the preferred test to screen for severe cognitive impairment in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Identification of such impairment may then facilitate optimal medical management and discussion of relevant issues with patients and family members.

Background

Neurocognitive testing shows that cognitive impairment is common among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Identification of a well performing screening test for cognitive impairment might allow for broader assessment in dialysis facilities and thus optimal delivery of education and medical management.

Methods

From 2015 to 2018, in a cohort of 150 patients on hemodialysis, we performed a set of comprehensive neurocognitive tests that included the cognitive domains of memory, attention, and executive function to classify whether participants had normal cognitive function versus mild, moderate, or severe cognitive impairment. Using area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysis, we then examined the predictive ability of the Mini Mental State Examination, the Modified Mini Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Trail Making Test Part B, the Mini-Cog test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test, determining each test’s performance for identifying severe cognitive impairment.

Results

Mean age was 64 years; 61% were men, 39% were black, and 94% had at least a high-school education. Of the 150 participants, 21% had normal cognitive function, 17% had mild cognitive impairment, 33% had moderate impairment, and 29% had severe impairment. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment had the highest overall predictive ability for severe cognitive impairment (AUC, 0.81); a score of ≤21 had a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 55% for severe impairment, with a negative predictive value of 91%. The Trails B and Digit Symbol tests also performed reasonably well (AUCs, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively). The other tests had lower predictive performances.

Conclusions

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, a widely available and brief cognitive screening tool, showed high sensitivity and moderate specificity in detecting severe cognitive impairment in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.