bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(How) Do You Regret Killing One to Save Five? Affective and Cognitive Regret Differ After Utilitarian and Deontological Decisions
Authors: Goldstein-Greenwood Jacob , Conway Paul , Summerville Amy , Johnson Brielle N.
Published: January 2020

Sacrificial moral dilemmas, in which opting to kill one person will save multiple others, are definitionally suboptimal: Someone dies either way. Decision-makers, then, may experience regret about these decisions. Past research distinguishes affective regret, negative feelings about a decision, from cognitive regret, thoughts about how a decision might have gone differently. Classic dual-process models of moral judgment suggest that affective processing drives characteristically deontological decisions to reject outcome-maximizing harm, whereas cognitive deliberation drives characteristically utilitarian decisions to endorse outcome-maximizing harm. Consistent with this model, we found that people who made or imagined making sacrificial utilitarian judgments reliably expressed relatively more affective regret and sometimes expressed relatively less cognitive regret than those who made or imagined making deontological dilemma judgments. In other words, people who endorsed causing harm to save lives generally felt more distressed about their decision, yet less inclined to change it, than people who rejected outcome-maximizing harm.
Creating New Ventures: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Shepherd Dean A. , Souitaris Vangelis , Gruber Marc
Published: January 2020

Creating new ventures is one of the most central topics to entrepreneurship and is a critical step from which many theories of management, organizational behavior, and strategic management build. Therefore, this review and proposed research agenda are relevant to not only entrepreneurship scholars but also other management scholars who wish to challenge some of the implicit assumptions of their current streams of research and extend the boundaries of their current theories to earlier in the organization’s life. Given that the last systematic review of the topic was published 16 years ago, and that the topic has evolved rapidly over this time, an overview and research outlook are long overdue. From our review, we inductively generated 10 subtopics: (a) lead founder, (b) founding team, (c) social relationships, (d) cognitions, (e) emergent organizing, (f) new-venture strategy, (g) organizational emergence, (h) new-venture legitimacy, (i) founder exit, and (j) entrepreneurial environment. These subtopics are then organized into three major stages of the entrepreneurial process: co-creating, organizing, and performing. Together, the framework provides a cohesive story of the past and a road map for future research on creating new ventures, focusing on the links connecting these subtopics.
Beyond Good Intentions: Designing CSR Initiatives for Greater Social Impact
Authors: Barnett Michael L. , Henriques Irene , Husted Bryan W.
Published: January 2020

Are corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives providing the societal good that they promise? After decades of CSR studies, we do not have an answer. In this review, we analyze progression of the CSR literature toward assessing the performance of CSR initiatives, identify factors that have limited the literature’s progress, and suggest a new approach to the study of CSR that can overcome these limits. We begin with comprehensive bibliometric mapping illustrating that although social impact has infrequently been its explicit focus, the CSR literature has measured outcomes other than firm performance, especially in the current decade. Thereafter, we conduct a more fine-grained analysis of recent CSR studies. Adapting a logic model framework, we show that even the most highly cited studies have stopped short of assessing social impact, often measuring CSR activities rather than impacts and focusing on benefits to specific stakeholders rather than to wider society. In combination, our analyses suggest that assessment of the performance of CSR initiatives has been driven by the availability of large, public secondary data sources. However, creating more such databases and turning to “big data” analyses are inadequate solutions. Drawing from the impact evaluation literature of development economics, we argue that the CSR field should reconceive itself as a science of design in which researchers formulate CSR initiatives that seek to achieve specific social and environmental objectives. In accordance with this pursuit, CSR researchers should move toward “small data” research designs, which will enable studies to better determine causation rather than just identify correlation.
Effectiveness of an Advanced Airway Training “Boot Camp” for Family Medicine Physician Trainees
Authors: Marvin Kastley , Bowman Paige , Keller Matthew W. , Ambrosio Art A.
Published: January 2020

Objective

This course was designed to characterize the impact of a curriculum for training family medicine physicians in advanced airway techniques with respect to intubation performance and learner confidence.

Methods

A training course was introduced into the curriculum in a single‐group pretest‐posttest model at a community family medicine residency program. Training consisted of a didactic teaching session on airway management and hands‐on skill session with direct laryngoscopy (DL) and video‐assisted laryngoscopy (VAL) on normal and difficult airway simulators. Participants were scored with the Intubation Difficulty Scale and completed surveys before and after the training.

Results

Twenty‐eight residents of all levels participated. The mean time to successful intubation was significantly decreased after training from 51.96 to 23.71 seconds for DL and from 27.89 to 17.07 seconds for VAL. Participant scores with the Intubation Difficulty Scale were also significantly improved for DL and VAL. All participants rated their comfort levels with both techniques as high following training.

Discussion

Advanced airway management is a critical skill for any physician involved in caring for critically ill patients, though few trainees receive formal training. Addition of an airway training course with simulation and hands‐on experience can improve trainee proficiency and comfort with advanced airway techniques.

Implications for Practice

Training on airway management should be included in the curriculum for trainees who require the requisite skills and knowledge necessary for advanced airway interventions. This introductory project demonstrates the efficacy and feasibility of a relatively brief training as part of a family medicine residency curriculum.
Expertise in applied studio teaching: Teachers working with multiple levels of learners
Authors: Blackwell Jennifer
Published: January 2020

One-to-one lessons are ubiquitous in music education, and thus understanding the components of effective teaching in this environment is essential for student learning. This study explored whether the teaching elements identified in previous studies were evident with applied music teachers working with both college and pre-college students, and if those elements differed as a function of the level of the students. In addition, these teachers were asked to provide commentary on what they deemed important to effective studio teaching. I examined video recordings of 18 lessons given by two applied teachers who had received formal recognition for outstanding teaching. Many of the observations in this study were consistent with previous findings; however, higher rates of low magnitude positive feedback and student errors that did not elicit stops were present. One element regarding physical proximity was added. The findings indicate important differences in the way these teachers approach students at different levels, particularly regarding side coaching during performance, teacher modeling, feedback, and correction of errors. Participants also emphasized the importance of rapport and positive relationships.
Microglia alter the threshold of spreading depolarization and related potassium uptake in the mouse brain
Authors: Varga Dániel P , Menyhárt Ákos , Pósfai Balázs , Császár Eszter , Lénárt Nikolett , Cserép Csaba , Orsolits Barbara , Martinecz Bernadett , Szlepák Tamás , Bari Ferenc , Farkas Eszter , Dénes Ádám
Published: January 2020

Selective elimination of microglia from the brain was shown to dysregulate neuronal Ca2+ signaling and to reduce the incidence of spreading depolarization (SD) during cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanisms through which microglia interfere with SD remained unexplored. Here, we identify microglia as essential modulators of the induction and evolution of SD in the physiologically intact brain in vivo. Confocal- and super-resolution microscopy revealed that a series of SDs induced rapid morphological changes in microglia, facilitated microglial process recruitment to neurons and increased the density of P2Y12 receptors (P2Y12R) on recruited microglial processes. In line with this, depolarization and hyperpolarization during SD were microglia- and P2Y12R-dependent. An absence of microglia was associated with altered potassium uptake after SD and increased the number of c-fos-positive neurons, independently of P2Y12R. Thus, the presence of microglia is likely to be essential to maintain the electrical elicitation threshold and to support the full evolution of SD, conceivably by interfering with the extracellular potassium homeostasis of the brain through sustaining [K+]e re-uptake mechanisms.
Histogram analysis in predicting the grade and histological subtype of meningiomas based on diffusion kurtosis imaging
Authors: Chen Xiaodan , Lin Lin , Wu Jie , Yang Guang , Zhong Tianjin , Du Xiaoqiang , Chen Zhiyong , Xu Ganggang , Song Yang , Xue Yunjing , Duan Qing
Published: January 2020

Background

Presurgical grading is particularly important for selecting the best therapeutic strategy for meningioma patients.

Purpose

To investigate the value of histogram analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) maps in the differentiation of grades and histological subtypes of meningiomas.

Material and Methods

A total of 172 patients with histopathologically proven meningiomas underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were classified into low-grade and high-grade groups. Mean kurtosis (MK), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean diffusivity (MD) histograms were generated based on solid components of the whole tumor. The following parameters of each histogram were obtained: 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles, mean, median, maximum, minimum, and kurtosis, skewness, and variance. Comparisons of different grades and subtypes were made by Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, ROC curves analysis, and multiple logistic regression. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate correlations between histogram parameters and the Ki-67 labeling index.

Results

Significantly higher maximum, skewness, and variance of MD, mean, median, maximum, variance, 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of MK were found in high-grade than low-grade meningiomas (all P < 0.05). DKI histogram parameters differentiated 7/10 pairs of subtype pairs. The 90th percentile of MK yielded the highest AUC of 0.870 and was the only independent indicator for grading meningiomas. Various DKI histogram parameters were correlated with the Ki-67 labeling index ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The histogram analysis of DKI is useful for differentiating meningioma grades and subtypes. The 90th percentile of MK may serve as an optimal parameter for predicting the grade of meningiomas.
The social production of radical space: Machinic labour struggles against digital spatial abstractions
Authors: Briziarelli Marco , Armano Emiliana
Published: January 2020

In this article, we explore the antagonism between capital and labour from a distinctive spatial and connective perspective: by examining the tension between the production of digital abstract space in the context of machines and computational automation, and the powerful pushbacks of embodied labour struggles of gig-economy workers advancing alternative connective strategies. Our goal is to advance a spatial approach to digital labour practices capable of grasping the dialectical aspects of digital capitalism that are linked to digital and connective technologies. Contextualized within the recent debate on digital capitalism, we focus on a relational and organizational issue concerned with the logic of connection/disconnection, ambivalent connectivity, hybridization of people and technology, and machinic co-productive labour. We illustrate one of those possible alternative directions by examining the radical space generated by organized gig-economy workers. Pushing against the dematerializing force of Digitalized Management Methods, algorithmic management, and digital black boxes, we concentrate on the role played by workers in mediating principles of alternative connectivity against the general tendency of casualization of work in the gig/digital economy.
Professional Advancement and Performance of Amateur Baseball Players Selected in the Major League Baseball Draft With Previous Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Porter Anthony , Yang Shawn , Chauhan Aakash , Early Samuel , Challa Sravya , D’Angelo John , Keefe Daniel , Hoenecke Heinz , Fronek Jan
Published: January 2020

Background:

The effect that an anterior cruciate ligament injury requiring reconstructive surgery has on the professional advancement and performance of amateur baseball players selected in the Major League Baseball draft is not known. Return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in professional athletes has been shown to be high, but mixed results with regard to performance and return to preinjury level have been demonstrated in other sports.

Purpose:

To (1) investigate the highest level of professional advancement among Major League Baseball draftees with a history of ACLR before entering the draft, (2) examine how much time these players spent on the disabled list (DL) and determine if it was related to the knee, and (3) compare the batting and pitching performance of these players against healthy matched controls.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Predraft medical records of all players selected in the Major League Baseball draft from 2004 to 2008 were reviewed. Players with a documented anterior cruciate ligament injury treated with ACLR before the draft were included. For each study player, 3 controls were identified. Data were accumulated from the time when players were drafted through the 2015 season. Outcome variables included highest professional level of advancement, DL time, and batting and pitching performance.

Results:

Forty draftees with a history of ACLR (22 pitchers, 18 position players) were identified and matched to 120 controls (66 pitchers, 54 position players). The difference in the highest level of professional advancement between the groups was not statistically significant ( P = .488). The mean total number of times and the mean total number of days on the DL were similar between the groups (1.83 vs 1.47, P = .297; 121.54 vs 109.62, P = .955); however, the mean number of times on the DL because of a knee injury was significantly different (0.28 vs 0.11, P = .004), as was the mean number of days on the DL because of a knee injury (17.36 vs 7.72, P = .009). Among pitchers, there were no differences in performance. Similarly, there were no differences among position players in batting performance.

Conclusion:

There was no difference between draftees with a history of ACLR and their controls in terms of advancement from the minor to the major leagues. Additionally, pitching and batting performance were similar. Although the 2 groups spent similar time on the DL, the ACLR group spent more time on the DL because of a knee injury than the control group.
Are Elite Soccer Teams’ Preseason Training Sessions Associated With Fewer In-Season Injuries? A 15-Year Analysis From the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Elite Club Injury Study
Authors: Ekstrand Jan , Spreco Armin , Windt Johann , Khan Karim M.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Preseason training develops players’ physical capacities and prepares them for the demands of the competitive season. In rugby, Australian football, and American football, preseason training may protect elite players against in-season injury. However, no study has evaluated this relationship at the team level in elite soccer.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the number of preseason training sessions completed by elite soccer teams was associated with team injury rates and player availability during the competitive season. It was hypothesized that elite soccer teams who participate in more preseason training will sustain fewer injuries during the competitive season.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

We used the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) injury dataset to analyze 44 teams for up to 15 seasons (total, 244 team-seasons). Separate linear regression models examined the association between the number of team preseason training sessions and 5 in-season injury measures. Injury-related problems per team were quantified by totals of the following: (1) injury burden, (2) severe injury incidence, (3) training attendance, (4) match availability, and (5) injury incidence.

Results:

Teams averaged 30 preseason training sessions (range, 10-51). A greater number of preseason training sessions was associated with less injury load during the competitive season in 4 out of 5 injury-related measures. Our linear regression models revealed that for every 10 additional preseason training sessions that the team performed, the in-season injury burden was 22 layoff days lower per 1000 hours ( P = .002), the severe injury incidence was 0.18 severe injuries lower per 1000 hours ( P = .015), the training attendance was 1.4 percentage points greater ( P = .014), and the match availability was 1.0 percentage points greater ( P = .042). As model fits were relatively low (adjusted R2 = 1.3%-3.2%), several factors that contribute to in-season injury outcomes were unaccounted for.

Conclusion:

Teams that performed a greater number of preseason training sessions had “healthier” in-season periods. Many other factors also contribute to in-season injury rates. Understanding the benefit of preseason training on in-season injury patterns may inform sport teams’ planning and preparation.
α1-Acid glycoprotein and seminal parameter in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Pereira Silva Gilmar , Grangeiro Vitor Pereira Xavier , de Oliveira Carmelita Félix Dantas , Neto Francisco Lima , Barroso Daniel Holanda
Published: January 2020

Introduction:

To find out the changes in seminal quality of hemodialysis chronic renal patients, we investigated the possible relationship between seminal parameter and seminal α1-acid glycoprotein levels in chronic hemodialysis patients.

Methods:

Prospective study of prevalence realized in the Hemodialysis Sector of the University Hospital of the University of Brasília, between July 2016 and December 2016. Men aged 18–60 years grouped into case groups (n = 81) represented by chronic hemodialysis patients and control group (n = 20) of healthy men without clinical or laboratory signs of infection and eugonadic. We performed a spermogram, hormonal profile, and assessment of leukocytes and seminal α1-acid glycoprotein level in the semen. The most appropriate statistical test was applied to verify differences and correlations between the studied variables.

Results:

The age in case and control is similar (49.47 ± 5.55 years vs 50.53 ± 4.24 years; p = 0.060). Mean level of α1-acid glycoprotein in human seminal plasma were not significantly different between case and control (48.52 ± 4.90 mg/L vs 46.33 ± 4.29 mg/L; p = 0.10) and between normosperm and oligosperm (47.76 ± 5.15 mg/L vs 49.48 ± 4.49 mg/L; p = 0.19). Mean level of α1-acid glycoprotein in human seminal plasma in the case group, which were classified into severe, moderate, mild, and normosperm, were similar to each other (p = 0.27) and did not correlate (p > 0.05) with the analyzed seminal parameters. All participants presented normal hormonal profile.

Conclusion:

Results of this study suggest that the seminal α1-acid glycoprotein levels do not help in the initial evaluation of patients with seminal parameter changes.
Phosphorous-jointed epoxidized soybean oil and rice husk-based silica as the novel additives for improvement mechanical and flame retardant of epoxy resin
Authors: Vu Cuong Manh , Nguyen Van-Huy , Bach Quang-Vu
Published: January 2020

The combined effects of phosphorous-jointed epoxidized soybean oil and rice husk–based silica on the flammability and mechanical properties of epoxy resin were examined in detail. The chemical structures of the epoxidized soybean oil, phosphorous-jointed epoxidized soybean oil, and rice husk–based silica were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Many characteristics of the obtained composite materials were examined, such as the tensile properties, impact strength, flexural strength, critical stress intensity factor (KIC), dynamic mechanical analysis, and flammability. The incorporation of both 10 phr phosphorous-jointed epoxidized soybean oil and 20 phr rice husk–based silica into the epoxy resin yielded the optimum values of the flexural strength, tensile strength, impact strength, and KIC, with increases of 87.78%, 67.23%, 109.34%, and 111.32%, respectively, compared with pristine samples. The limiting oxygen index increased from 23.1% to 29.3%, the peak heat-release rate decreased by up to 37.2%, and the sample satisfied the UL94 V-0 rating.
CIRCADA: Shiny Apps for Exploration of Experimental and Synthetic Circadian Time Series with an Educational Emphasis
Authors: Cenek Lisa , Klindziuk Liubou , Lopez Cindy , McCartney Eleanor , Martin Burgos Blanca , Tir Selma , Harrington Mary E. , Leise Tanya L.
Published: January 2020

Circadian rhythms are daily oscillations in physiology and behavior that can be assessed by recording body temperature, locomotor activity, or bioluminescent reporters, among other measures. These different types of data can vary greatly in waveform, noise characteristics, typical sampling rate, and length of recording. We developed 2 Shiny apps for exploration of these data, enabling visualization and analysis of circadian parameters such as period and phase. Methods include the discrete wavelet transform, sine fitting, the Lomb-Scargle periodogram, autocorrelation, and maximum entropy spectral analysis, giving a sense of how well each method works on each type of data. The apps also provide educational overviews and guidance for these methods, supporting the training of those new to this type of analysis. CIRCADA-E (Circadian App for Data Analysis–Experimental Time Series) allows users to explore a large curated experimental data set with mouse body temperature, locomotor activity, and PER2::LUC rhythms recorded from multiple tissues. CIRCADA-S (Circadian App for Data Analysis–Synthetic Time Series) generates and analyzes time series with user-specified parameters, thereby demonstrating how the accuracy of period and phase estimation depends on the type and level of noise, sampling rate, length of recording, and method. We demonstrate the potential uses of the apps through 2 in silico case studies.
Fournier Gangrene in Men and Women: Appearance on CT, Ultrasound, and MRI and What the Surgeon Wants to Know
Authors: Ballard David H. , Mazaheri Parisa , Raptis Constantine A. , Lubner Meghan G. , Menias Christine O. , Pickhardt Perry J. , Mellnick Vincent M.
Published: January 2020

Fournier gangrene (FG) is a genitourinary necrotizing fasciitis that can be lethal if not promptly diagnosed and surgically debrided. The diagnosis is often made by physical examination paired with an appropriate clinical suspicion and supporting laboratory values. Imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT), plays a role in delineating involved fascial planes for operative debridement and occasionally in diagnosing FG. Less commonly, the imaging manifestations of FG may also be seen on ultrasound, radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging. With the ubiquitous use and availability of CT, radiologists have a growing role in recognizing FG. This can be challenging in the absence of fascial gas, but a CT scoring system for necrotizing fasciitis can be helpful in making the diagnosis. Recent series suggest that this predominantly male disease has a rising incidence in women. Women with FG are more likely to be morbidly obese and have vulvar or labial involvement compared to men. Imaging mimics include ulcerative and necrotic tumors, traumatic or iatrogenic fascial gas, and vaginitis emphysematosa. The purpose of this pictorial review is to illustrate the imaging manifestations of FG and its mimics, with emphases on necrotizing fasciitis CT scoring systems and FG in women.
Applications of microwave heat treatment process to enhance the surface properties of bronze and steel materials used in journal bearing
Authors: Perumalla Sateesh Kumar , Muniyappa Amarnath , Sivanandam Aravindan
Published: January 2020

Journal bearings are important conformal sliding contact machine elements widely used in industrial applications to support cylindrical shafts subjected to radial loads. Wear in journal bearings propagate due to increase in fatigue load cycles, lubricant degradation, misalignment, etc. Hence, it is important to minimize the occurrence of wear in journal bearings by improving their mechanical properties. Microwave heat treatment process is one of the recent developments emerged to improve the surface properties of materials in which energy is directly delivered to the material surface through molecular interaction with the electromagnetic field. In the present work, microwave heat treatment process was used to improve the performance of journal and bearing materials. Further, the microwave-treated journal and bearing specimens were used to conduct performance evaluation experiments under hydrodynamic lubrication regime operating condition. Results highlighted the importance of microwave treatment to reduce wear in both journal and bearing components. A significant reduction in friction coefficient and specific wear rate values were obtained, which resulted in a considerable improvement in the operating performance of the journal bearing system with respect to the increase in fatigue load cycles.
Thermal matching using Gaussian process regression
Authors: Pearce Robert , Ireland Peter , Romero Eduardo
Published: January 2020

Thermal matching is a key stage of the development process for a gas turbine engine where component models are verified to ensure the correct metal temperature distribution has been used in life calculations. The thermal match involves adjusting parameters of a thermal model in order to match an experimental temperature distribution, usually obtained from a thermal paint test. Current methodologies involve manually adjusting parameters, which is both time consuming and leads to variation in the matches achieved. This paper presents a new method to conduct thermal matching, where Gaussian process regression is utilised to obtain a surrogate model from which optimal parameters for matching are obtained. This standardised procedure removes subjectivity from the match and gives faster and more consistent matches. The method is introduced and demonstrated for a number of cases involving a leading edge impingement system that has been isolated from a high pressure turbine blade.
Antiphospholipid syndrome damage index (DIAPS): distinct long-term kinetic in primary antiphospholipid syndrome and antiphospholipid syndrome related to systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Torricelli A Kuhl , Ugolini-Lopes M Remião , Bonfá E , Andrade D
Published: January 2020

Background

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired thrombophilia that affects young productive individuals, with permanent damage and negative impact on quality of life. Recently, a damage index specific for APS (DIAPS) was developed. There are, however, no data regarding the comparison of its performance and long-term damage in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) and APS related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; APS + SLE). The primary purpose of this study was therefore to compare the long-term damage in patients with these conditions.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of a single tertiary center cohort followed for approximately 10 years using a standardized prospective electronic chart database. Fifty consecutive PAPS patients age matched with 50 APS+SLE patients were consecutively selected for the study, and DIAPS was calculated once a year during follow-up. Long-term damage and damage kinetics in both groups were compared.

Results

PAPS and APS + SLE had comparable age (47.10 ± 12.4 vs. 44.04 ± 10.80 years; p = 0.19) and time of follow-up (9.40 ± 3.60 vs. 10.94 ± 4.50 years; p = 0.06). At diagnosis, PAPS had higher DIAPS than APS + SLE (1.72 ± 1.17 vs. 0.82 ± 0.96; p < 0.001). At the end of the 10-year follow-up, both groups presented comparable mean damage scores (2.04 ± 1.50 vs. 2.24 ± 1.61; p = 0.52). The damage increment throughout the observation period for PAPS was solely 35%, whereas for APS + SLE it was gradual, persistent and reached 139% at the end of follow-up, with a total damage increment for PAPS lower than APS + SLE (0.43 ± 0.30 vs. 1.22 ± 1.24; p < 0.001). Of note, the frequency of individuals who acquired damage was lower in PAPS than in APS + SLE (32% vs. 71%; p < 0.001). PAPS also had a longer delay in diagnosis than APS + SLE (4.00 ± 4.20 vs. 2.54 ± 3.05 years; p = 0.04). This delay was positively correlated with a higher damage score at diagnosis ( r = 0.36, p < 0.001) in all groups.

Conclusion

We identified a distinct pattern of damage in PAPS and APS related to SLE. Damage in PAPS is an early event, while APS+SLE is associated with higher long-term damage, with a striking increment of damage along the follow-up. A diagnosis delay is correlated with higher damage scores. Damage surveillance therefore requires different approaches for these two conditions.
On Judgment: Managing Emotions in Trials of Crimes Against Humanity in Argentina
Authors: Vaisman Noa , Barrera Leticia
Published: January 2020

For over a decade, judicial accountability of mass human rights violations committed during the last civil-military dictatorship in Argentina (1976–1983) has been carried out in federal courts by regular judges, following the rules of the National Code of Criminal Procedure. Research on these trials has focused mainly on the victims and the accused. This article opens a different path by exploring the affective experiences of the judges presiding over and leading the trials.

Based on interviews with 18 federal court judges and some participant observation, in this article we present a descriptive exploration of the judges’ experiences and sensemaking processes. We examine the complex interaction between the professional requirement to separate emotions from judgment and the emotional toll that these trials produce in the personal and professional lives of the judges. We end with short reflections on these crimes against humanity trials in the post-Transitional Justice context.
Nothing Ventured, Nothing Gained: Parasite Infection is Associated with Entrepreneurial Initiation, Engagement, and Performance
Authors: Lerner Daniel A. , Alkærsig Lars , Fitza Markus A. , Lomberg Carina , Johnson Stefanie K.
Published: January 2020

There is growing evidence that human biology and behavior are influenced by infectious microorganisms. One such microorganism is the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii ( TG). Using longitudinal data covering the female population of Denmark, we extend research on the relationship between TG infection and entrepreneurial activity and outcomes. Results indicate that TG infection is associated with a subsequent increase in the probability of becoming an entrepreneur, and is linked to other outcomes including venture performance. With parasite behavioral manipulation antithetical to rational judgment, we join a growing conversation on biology and alternative drivers of business venturing.
Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Use in an Outpatient Palliative Medicine Population
Authors: Highet Bridget H. , Lesser Elizabeth R. , Johnson Patrick W. , Kaur Judith S.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Palliative medicine physicians are challenged by lack of guidance regarding effectiveness and dosing of cannabis products in the setting of their emerging popularity.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to describe early patterns of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) use in Florida following passage of the state’s first medical marijuana law. We describe here the perceived benefits, side effects, and beliefs expressed by patients in a single outpatient academic palliative medicine practice.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was performed of a sequential convenience sample of patients who presented to an outpatient academic palliative medicine clinic over a 3-month period.

Results:

In all, 24% (14/58) of respondents reported THC use, with half using THC on a daily basis. Patients reported improvements in pain, appetite, and nausea. In all, 71% (10/14) began using THC after the diagnosis of their chronic illness, and the most common form of usage was vaping. In all, 24% (14/58) of patients reported CBD use. Patients reported improvements in pain, and the most common form of usage was topical application. None of the patients had used CBD prior to the onset of their chronic illness. In all, 21% (3/14) of THC users and 21% (3/14) of CBD users thought that their substance was helping to cure their illness. Individual reported side effects in both groups were minimal.

Conclusions:

Approximately a quarter of outpatient palliative care patients use THC or CBD, often on a daily basis. Palliative care providers should be aware of the frequency, diverse usage, and beliefs behind cannabis product use in this patient population.
Music Consumption and Technological Eclecticism: Investigating Generation Y’s Adoption and Uses of Music Technologies
Authors: Nowak Raphaël , Bennett Andy
Published: January 2020

This article is interested in a techno-cultural moment usually summarized by the phrase ‘digital age’. We explore how people who belong to Generation Y and were young at the time of the development of digital music technologies have adopted and used those new technological possibilities while maintaining a relationship with other media and technologies, such as the compact disc (CD), the vinyl disc and, eventually, the cassette tape. We situate our approach against arguments that either frame digital technologies as a ‘revolution’ that swept across all other technologies or stipulate that generations are tied to particular technological innovations. Drawing on qualitative methods, we defend an argument of technological eclecticism to understand the intra-variations and nuances that define individuals’ adoption and uses of music technologies in their consumption practices. This article provides a sociocultural perspective on the uses of music technologies by individuals whose music consumption practices have been largely essentialized.
Length of stay control: Is it a fair inventory management strategy in hotel market?
Authors: Lee Minwoo , Jeong Miyoung , Shea Linda J
Published: January 2020

According to past revenue management (RM) research, length of stay control (LOSC) plays a significant role in building effective RM systems and increasing revenues in the hotel industry. While LOSC has been widely implemented in the hotel’s online booking systems, little attention has been paid to this important non-pricing RM practices. Thus, the current study aims to provide a holistic view of customers’ perceptions toward hotel’s LOSC practice. In particular, this study (1) investigates the impact of LOSC practice on customers’ perceived fairness and subsequent behaviors and (2) tests the moderating role of customers’ membership status on perceived fairness. A between-subjects factorial design and partial least squares structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis were employed to test the structured relationships. Research findings demonstrate that customers perceive LOSC as unfair, such poor fairness perceptions leading to negative word-of-mouth and a decrease in willingness to book. Hotels’ loyalty program members are likely to perceive LOSC as much more unfair than those who are not. The current study is the first study to reveal the critical roles of hotels’ LOSC practice and loyalty membership on customers’ perceived fairness and subsequent behavior intentions.
Understanding factors influencing antibiotic prescribing behaviour in rural China: a qualitative process evaluation of a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wei Xiaolin , Deng Simin , Haldane Victoria , Blacklock Claire , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zhitong , Walley John D , King Rebecca , Hicks Joseph P , Yin Jia , Zou Guanyang , Huang Yunayuan , Vergis Mercy , Jun Zeng , Sun Qiang , Lin Mei
Published: January 2020

Objectives

We conducted a qualitative process evaluation embedded in a cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Guangxi China, which successfully reduced antibiotic use for children upper respiratory tract infections. This study aims to report on the factors that influenced behaviour change among providers and caregivers in the intervention arm, and to explore contextual considerations which may have influenced trial outcomes.

Methods

A total of 35 in-depth interviews were carried out with hospital directors, doctors, and caregivers of children. Participants were recruited from six purposively selected facilities, including two higher performing and two lower performing facilities per trial results. Interviews were conducted in Chinese and translated to English. We also observed guideline training sessions and prescription peer review meetings. Data were analysed using framework analysis.

Results

Intervention-arm doctors described that training sessions improved their knowledge, skills and confidence in appropriate prescribing. This was contrasted by control arm participants who did not receive training and reported less agency in reducing prescribing rates. Prescription peer review meetings were seen as an opportunity for further education, action planning and goal setting, particularly in high performing hospitals, where these meetings were led by senior doctors who were perceived to have relevant clinical experience. Caregiver participants reported that intervention educational materials were helpful but they identified information from doctors was more useful. Providers and caregivers also described contextual health system factors, including hospital competition, short consultation times, and antibiotic availability without prescription, which shaped care preferences.

Conclusions

This qualitative process evaluation identified a range of factors that may have influenced behaviour among providers and caregivers leading to observed changes in reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in China. Future interventions to reduce antibiotic prescribing should consider system level and wider contextual factors to better understand behaviours and patient care preferences.
Patient perception of physician empathy in stroke telemedicine
Authors: Cheshire William P , Barrett Kevin M , Eidelman Benjamin H , Mauricio Elizabeth A , Huang Josephine F , Freeman William D , Robinson Maisha T , Salomon Gary R , Ball Colleen T , Gamble Dale M , Melton Vickie S , Meschia James F
Published: January 2020

Introduction

We assessed patients’ perceptions of physician empathy during telemedicine consultations as compared to in-person consultations during clinical encounters for acute stroke.

Methods

This prospective cohort study was undertaken at a comprehensive stroke centre hub in collaboration with a distant community hospital spoke site. Eligible participants presented to hub or spoke emergency departments with suspected acute stroke within three hours of symptom onset. Participants were evaluated at the hub site in person or at the remote site via telemedicine by the same group of neurologists. Following acute care decisions, single-visit data including participant-reported assessments of physician empathy were collected within 24 h. The primary outcome was the Consultation and Relational Empathy score. The secondary outcome for the telemedicine cohort was the Telemedicine Patient Satisfaction Measure score.

Results

Between 31 May 2013–13 March 2019, 70 patients completed the study. Fifty patients were seen by telemedicine and 20 patients were seen in person. Median Consultation and Relational Empathy scores (with a possible score of 10–50) were 49 (range 27–50) for telemedicine and 45 (range 26–50) for in-person consultations (Wilcoxon rank sum p = 0.18). Each item of the Consultation and Relational Empathy questionnaire was rated very good or excellent by at least 87% of participants in the telemedicine group. The median Telemedicine Patient Satisfaction Measure score was 54 (range 12–60), with each item rated agree or strongly agree by at least 84% of participants.

Discussion

We found no difference between telemedicine and in-person visits in patient perception of physician empathy in acute stroke care. Therefore, we conclude that empathy can be conveyed by facial expression, voice and attentiveness in a telemedicine encounter and, in the setting of acute stroke care, does not require physical touch or proximity.
Liver transplant recipients’ experiences and perspectives of a telehealth-delivered lifestyle programme: A qualitative study
Authors: Barnett Amandine , Campbell Katrina L , Mayr Hannah L , Keating Shelley E , Macdonald Graeme A , Hickman Ingrid J
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Dietary modification and exercise are encouraged to address cardiometabolic risk factors after solid organ transplantation. However, the lived experience of attempting positive lifestyle changes for liver transplant recipients is not known. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of liver transplant recipients and their perspectives of a 12-week telehealth lifestyle programme and assess the feasibility of this innovative health service.

Methods

Focus groups and one-on-one interviews were conducted with participants who had completed a 12-week, group-based, telehealth-delivered diet and exercise programme and thematic qualitative analysis was used to code and theme the data.

Results

In total, 19 liver transplant recipients participated in the study (25–68 years, median time since transplant 4.4 years, 63% male). Overarching themes included: (a) ‘broad telehealth advantages' which highlighted that telehealth reduced the perceived burdens of face-to-face care; (b) ‘impact of employment' which identified employment as a competing priority and appeared to effect involvement with the programme; (c) ‘adapting Mediterranean eating pattern to meet individual needs' which identified the adaptability of the Mediterranean diet supported by sessions with the dietitian; (d) ‘increasing exercise confidence' which recognised that a tailored approach facilitated confidence and acceptability of the exercise component of the programme.

Discussion

A telehealth lifestyle programme delivered by dietitians and exercise physiologists is an acceptable alternative to face-to-face care that can meet the needs of liver transplant recipients. There is a need to further innovate and broaden the scope of routine service delivery beyond face-to-face consultations.
The role of style in the ethnolect: Style-shifting in the use of ethnolectal features in first- and second-generation speakers
Authors: Gnevsheva Ksenia
Published: January 2020

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions:

The paper aimed to investigate style-shifting in the use of ethnolectal features in first- and second- generation bilingual migrants.

Design/Methodology/Approach:

Three groups of speakers (first- and second-generation Russian–English bilinguals as well as monolingual Anglo Australians) were audio-recorded in three different styles (conversation, interview, and reading).

Data and Analysis:

Their production of the goose and trap vowels across the styles was analyzed quantitatively.

Findings/Conclusions:

Overall differences were found between the groups such that first- and second-generation speakers produced more Russian-like vowels compared to the monolinguals; with the biggest differences between the first-generation speakers and the other two groups. In terms of style-shifting, no significant differences were found in the monolingual speakers, and both first- and second-generation speakers were found to produce most Australian English-like vowels in the conversation style. At the same time, certain differences between the two bilingual groups surfaced, such as no significant differences in the first-generation speakers’ production of the goose vowel and in the vowels’ linguistic conditioning.

Originality:

Previous studies have compared ethnolects in the first- and second-generations of migrants and mainstream varieties in order to theorize ethnolect formation. Several studies have also investigated intraspeaker style-shifting between more ‘mainstream’ and more ‘ethnic’ in ethnolect speakers, but such style-shifting is rarely compared across generations.

Significance/Implications:

The similarities and differences between the two bilingual groups suggest that ethnolectal features may be originally derived from the community language but may be reallocated to other sociolinguistic meanings in the second generation.
Games-based trust: Role-playing the administrative experience of immigrants
Authors: Bouchillon Brandon C , Stewart Patrick A
Published: January 2020

Measures of social capital such as trust have been declining in America for the better part of a century, while an influx of racial and ethnic diversity has apparently quickened the decline. Direct interactions with diversity still contribute to feelings of trust, only demographic differences now prevent the requisite contact from occurring. New means of creating shared experiences have thus become more vital, and the present study tests the value of games-based role-playing for fostering trust in immigrant populations. Students in an online American Government class at a major southeastern university were asked to create a fictional persona from Mexico, India, or China, and seek US citizenship. Their success or failure factored into their overall grade. Results suggest that role-playing the administrative experience of immigrants contributes to trusting them over time. This has value for life in a diversifying society.
With a rebel yell: Video gamers’ responses to mass shooting moral panics
Authors: Kneer Julia , Ward Michael R
Published: January 2020

When a moral panic happens, society believes that a group of people and/or their behaviour is responsible for a threat to society – without any evidentiary basis. How does the target group respond? In the video game context, gamers may fear that their pastime will be blamed for mass shootings leading to social stigma. Group members so threatened are hypothesized to react to protect their group identity. This leads to increased engagement in the activity under threat. In contrast, disasters that do not threaten the group would not affect the amount of video game play. We test these hypotheses by relating the amount of game play to incidents of mass shootings and non-shooting disasters for a large sample of individuals ( N = 170,000). Incidents of mass shootings that threaten the gamer community lead to increases in game playing while incidents of other disasters unrelated to gaming divert time away from gaming.