bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indicators and dynamics of injuries of the musculoskeletal system in children of st petersburg in the current conditions
Authors: Baindurashvili Alexei G , Shapiro Klara I , Drozhzhina Lyudmila A , Vishniakov Alexander N
Published: August 2016

Injuries remain a most important problem in Russia. This article describes child injuries, especially child injuries of the musculoskeletal system in modern conditions. Injuries of the musculoskeletal system in children account for 85-87 % of all injuries. Studied the frequency and pattern of injuries of the musculoskeletal system in children. The frequency of injuries of the musculoskeletal system in children ranged from 156,8 before 170,7 per 1,000 population 0-17 years. Among the injuries was dominated by street and household (total of 68-71 %), school injury was 11-11,7 %, sports - 6,7-7,6 %. Analyzed injuries among patients of different sex. Among all types of injuries boys dominated, accounting for 53.8 to 66.7 % of the affected children. A special attention is paid to road injuries. This article describes some indicators of hospitalized injuries in children. The average hospitalization needed 16 % of injured, the hospitalization rates were 26.3 per 1,000 children. Using the method of least squares, managed to get trends in the development of injuries and to calculate the level of injuries for the next 3 years. Installed a slight downward trend in the rate of injuries - 0.2 cases per 1000 children per year. The analysis of statistical data provides the basis for in-depth study of the causes and circumstances of injuries, that allows the development of recommendations for their prevention and organization of medical care. This work can be useful for prospective development of pediatric trauma care in a big city.
Biomodelling Angiogenesis
Authors: Verlov Nikolai A , Trashkov Alexander P , Pahomova Maria A , Haitsev Nikolai V , Malyshev Evgeni I
Published: August 2016

Success or failure of studies in various areas of biology depend on the presence or absence of convenient and effective adequate models of pathologic processes with fair predictability. In spite of variability of models used in contemporary angiology neither of them can be considered to be “golden standard” or etalon for elaborating new methods targeted at blood vessels. The need for a score of different models for studies of each stage of angiogenesis is one of major difficulties in forming a universal concept describing angiogenesis in humans and animals. A hypothesis of malignant neoplasma growth inhibition by means of blocking angiogenesis inducing factors, their receptors or direct destruction of microvessels’ wall is a starting point for profound angiogenesis studies using various in vitro and in vivo models. A wide spectrum of oncogenesis models allows to scrutinize it from various angles revealing general principles of neoplasma development, mechanisms of its interaction with normal tissues and organs, including the circulation system. Using transgenic с animals helped to disclose the key role of angiogenesis in the development of the organism as well as get results maximally close to the effects characteristic of studies of various aspects of angiogenesis in human beings.
Rendering Pediatric Palliative Medical Care on Outpatient Basis
Authors: Tkachenko Alexander E , Kushnareva Irina V
Published: August 2016

The article discusses the complexity of interpretation of the current health care legislation in relation to the provision of pediatric palliative care on outpatient basis. It also introduces a comparative analysis of the current legislation and represents amendment proposals.
Experience using recombinant interferon-alpha with taurine therapy of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in children
Authors: Chernova Tatyana M , Baracina Elena V , Zarkua Rusudan Z
Published: August 2016

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) belongs to the most frequent causes of intrauterine infection and can cause birth defects and severe manifestations of the disease fatal. In most cases the infection is latent, but there is a high risk of developing late manifestations. For the prevention of vertical transmission of CMV infection are needed early prenatal diagnosis of infection in a pregnant woman with the definition of the extent of its activity and conduct of antiviral therapy. When intravenous anti-CMV immunoglobulin observed rapid clinical efficacy. However, the titer of circulating antibodies in the child’s body is rapidly reduced, determines the duration of the protective effect of the drug to 4-5 weeks. Since the suppository form of interferon-α with taurine has been used successfully in obstetric practice, we have examined its effectiveness in the treatment of 11 outpatient children aged 1 month to 3 years with congenital CMV infection, 3 of them received specific immunoglobulin baby immediately after birth. The drug was administered rectally by prolonged scheme for 3 months 2 times a day every 12 hours within 10 days, followed by 1 suppository 2 times a day every other day (3 times a week). The therapy in all children experienced rapid resolution of symptoms CMV: normalization of the size of lymph nodes, liver and spleen, blood count, serum ALT, urinalysis, as well as the disappearance of CMV DNA in blood and IgM antibodies to CMV infection after treatment. During 12 months of follow-up episodes of reactivation of CMV infection in any of the observed child is not mentioned.
Antimicrobial and antiviral effects of human defensins: pathogenetic value and prospective application to medicinal therapy
Authors: Vaschenko Vladimir I , Vil’yaninov Vladimir N , Shabanov Petr D
Published: August 2016

Defensins, the cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of phagocytes and epithelial cells, are the key effector molecules of the innate immune system providing the anti-infective host defense. Besides the antimicrobial action, AMPs exert a broad spectrum of varied effects towards host cells giving a ground for considering these peptides as possible biomodulatory molecules. The review outlines different types of the biological activity of structurally diverse AMPs. AMPs posses the potent antimicrobial, antiviruses and lipopolysaccharide-binding activity; some of them are cytotoxic for tumor and normal human cells in vitro, while others demonstrate the wound healing action. AMPs of the defensin family display the corticostatic activity: they inhibit stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) steroidogenesis in adrenal cells in vitro. We also showed that defensins and protegrin 3 abolish ACTH- or stress-induced increase of the corticosterone level in blood of experimental animals. Taken together, the described in the literature and our own data contribute to the idea that AMPs are the multifunctional molecules participating in the interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems as well as between immune and neuroendocrine systems. It considers structure and mechanism of defensins interaction with lipid membrane and intracellular targets of pathogens. Special attention is paid to modern state and perspectives of defensins practical application and also to approaches that increase efficacy by chemical modification of their structure.
Experimental estimation of efficiency of antihypoxants at toxic pulmonary edema caused by nitrogen oxide (IV)
Authors: Sherbasov Konstantin A , Basharin Vadim A , Marysheva Vera V , Konshakov Yury O , Shabanov Petr D
Published: August 2016

The The efficiency of antihypoxants for prophylactic use on the model of toxic pulmonary edema caused by the use of nitrogen oxide (IV) was studied. It was found that the antihypoxants amtizol (25 mg/kg) and cytoflavin (100 mg/kg for succinic acid), increase the daily survival of rats have a pronounced anti-edematous action. The use of cytoflavin and amtizol increased the daily survival rate to 50 and 40%, respectively. Antihypoxants amtizol and cytoflavin decreased the pulmonary coefficient and the degree of hydration of the lungs, increased the dry residue of the lungs. The coefficient of protection for cytoflavin was 1.33 and 1.28 for amtizol. The use of succinic acid at a dose of 25 and 100 mg/kg did not lead to a higher daily survival rate of the animals and significant change in gravimetric parameters in comparison with the control group.
Magmatismo granítico ferro-potássico pós-colisional nos domínios norte e central da Província Borborema: plúton pilõezinhos e complexo solânea
Authors: Lima Jefferson Valdemiro de , Guimarães Ignez de Pinho , Santos Lucilene dos , Farias Douglas José Silva , Amorim José Victor Antunes de
Published: August 2016

O Plúton Pilõezinhos (566,2±2,9 Ma), com ~100 km2, é composto por sienogranitos e monzogranitos intrudidos em rochas metassedimentares tardi-neoproterozoicas e ortognaisses tonianos, em terminações extensionais ao longo do contato entre a Zona de Cisalhamento Matinhas, de direção NE-SW e cinemática sinistral, e a Zona de Cisalhamento Remígio-Pocinhos, de direção E-W e cinemática destral (ramo leste da Zona de Cisalhamento Patos). Os granitoides do Complexo Solânea (572.5±7.9 Ma), com ~200 km2, por sua vez, compreendem sienogranitos, monzogranitos e dioritos alojados a norte da Zona de Cisalhamento Remígio Pocinhos dentro de ortognaisses paleoproterozoicos associados ao Complexo Serrinha-Pedro Velho. Ambos os granitoides apresentam feições de campo e petrográficas que indica intrusão sintranscorrente. Os dados de elementos maiores, traços e elementos terras raras (ETR), usados para restringir a origem e evolução dessas rochas, indicam tratar-se de granitoides aluminosos, ferro-potássicos, com afinidade a granitos das séries álcalicálcica a alcálica, apresentando assinatura química típica de granitos tipo-A2. A assinatura isotópica (Sm-Nd e Lu-Hf), associada à química de elementos traços sugerem que foram gerados por processos similares, envolvendo a fusão parcial de gnaisses tonalíticos na crosta inferior. Entretanto, um pequeno contraste isotópico com a possível rocha fonte e os altos valores de halogênios evidenciados nos granitoides do Plúton Pilõezinhos sugerem o envolvimento de material juvenil na sua gênese. A evolução magmática dos granitoides do Plúton Pilõezinhos foi controlada principalmente por cristalização fracionada, enquanto que o Complexo Solânea, envolveu, além de cristalização fracionada, processos de misturas de magmas. Ambos os granitoides foram originados após um longo período de tectônica convergente relacionado à Orogênese Brasiliana.
Contribuição da gamaespectrometria ao estudo da geologia do batólito Águas Belas – Canindé: região a norte de Santana do Ipanema, Alagoas
Authors: França Rafaela Henrique Mendes , Ferreira Valderez Pinto , Bezerra João Pedro Santana , Biondo Vanessa Ribeiro
Published: August 2016

A área de estudo está localizada na subprovíncia Sul, mais especificamente no Domínio Pernambuco-Alagoas, que é bordejado por falhas de empurrão sendo uma região que contém rochas de alto grau como gnaisses, migmatitos e granitos Brasilianos. O Batólito Águas Belas-Canindé foi formado durante o plutonismo Brasiliano que ocorreu no Domínio Pernambuco-Alagoas, com a ocorrência de rochas que variam de altamente deformadas a não deformadas, sendo intrusões graníticas e suítes tardi-tectônicas na parte leste. Estas intrusões Neoproterozoicas podem ser agrupadas em três batólitos graníticos chamados de Buíque – Paulo Afonso, Ipojuca –Atalaia e Águas Belas – Canindé. A proposta deste trabalho é a utilização da gamaespectrometria para compreensão da complexibilidade do Batólito Águas Belas-Canindé, acima de tudo, mostrando a importância da geofísica para a delimitação de contatos e caracterização dos corpos. Ao todo foram estabelecidos seis domínios litogeofísicos para auxiliar na delimitação das unidades geológicas e as sutis variações que ocorrem dentro de uma única unidade. A gamaespectrometria também auxiliou no mapeamento geológico de várias formas; uma delas foi a identificação e diferenciação das fácies litológicas dos granitoides denominados atualmente como granitoides indiscriminados, assim como na melhoria da classificação faciológica do batólito.
Educação, Laicidade e Espiritualidade: as Contribuições do Ensino Religioso para o Pleno Desenvolvimento do Educando
Authors: Flores Cristine Gabriela de Campos , Pauly Evaldo Luis
Published: August 2016

Resumo: o trabalho defende que a disciplina de Ensino Religioso pode trazer contribuições para a formação de um cidadão livre, para o fortalecimento da democracia em nossa sociedade, para o desenvolvimento da tolerância e respeito entre as pessoas e ainda, poderia preencher

uma lacuna existente na educação brasileira, a saber, atender ao desenvolvimento espiritual, direito da criança e do adolescente conforme seu Estatuto.

Palavras-chave: Ensino Religioso. Laicidade. Desenvolvimento Espiritual. Estágios da Fé.
Todos os Nomes: Jürgen Habermas e o Uso do Nome Social no Estado de Goiás
Authors: Araújo Cristiano Santos
Published: August 2016

Resumo: este artigo faz uma revisão crítica sobre memorandos, resoluções e legislações de publicações recentes sobre o(s) uso(s) do nome social no Brasil, de modo específico, nas instituições públicas de ensino no estado de Goiás (Escola Estadual, IFGoiás, UFG e UEG). Utiliza-se como aporte teórico conceitos de moral, alteridade e inclusividade política do filósofo alemão Jürgen Habermas na consolidação de direitos nas democracias contemporâneas com a finalidade do estabelecimento do pleno exercício de cidadania de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais [LGBTT]. Palavras-chave: Nome social. Jürgen Habermas. Alteridade LGBTT. Cidadania.
a Festa dos "Últimos Passos do Cristo": Religião e Religiosidade Popular em São Cristóvão-Sergipe
Authors: Aragão Ivan Rêgo
Published: August 2016

Resumo: o presente artigo analisa os aspectos da religião oficial e religiosidade popular, bem como verifica o perfil dos atores sociais que se deslocam até a festa católica penitencial do Senhor dos Passos em Sergipe. Nos resultados da pesquisa bibliográfica e análise quali-quantitativa dos questionários, constata-se que a festa é o momento ápice para deslocamento dos fiéis, proporcionando o encontro entre devoto e imagem do cristo sofredor, renovação de fé, agradecimento pela cura/graça alcançada e acerto de contas com a invocação cristã. Palavras-chave: Religião e Religiosidade Popular. Complementaridade. Nosso Senhor dos Passos.
As Mulheres do Quilombo Lagoa da Pedra e a Dança Roda de São Gonçalo
Authors: De Farias Marizeth Ferreira , De Almeida Maria Zeneide Carneiro Magalhães
Published: August 2016

Resumo: o artigo traz as memórias de mulheres quilombolas do Estado brasileiro do Tocantins, que guardam as tradições ancestrais de várias gerações de ex-escravos que viveram nessa região. Ao longo das suas trajetórias de vida, elas têm contribuído para perpetuação da cultura e dos costumes que lhes foram transmitidos pela tradição oral, conservando assim os ritos, os festejos, as danças: Roda de São Gonçalo, as crenças, os saberes, as práticas e os valores que herdaram de suas gerações de avós, de suas mães, e cuidam também de transmiti-las às outras gerações femininas que residem no Quilombo Lagoa da Pedra. Por isso, este estudo tem como objetivos principais contribuir para a constituição do campo do conhecimento sobre a memória e a religiosidade e reconstruir as histórias de vida e o protagonismo das mulheres do Quilombo. Para este trabalho, têm-se realizado entrevistas orais, filmagens, pesquisas em arquivos públicos e particulares e em estudos de outros pesquisadores que já realizaram e/ou vêm os realizando sobre Lagoa da Pedra, para reconstituição de suas memórias. Dessa forma, a ênfase temática, aqui, privilegia a Roda de São Gonçalo não apenas como uma dança, mas como um complexo de ações que sobrevivem, principalmente, pela resistência das mulheres quilombolas, que mantêm vivas suas tradições. Estas tradições são incorporadas às da sociedade e às da comunidade local. Suas comemorações e seus ritos tornaram-se uma referência da região para seus eventos que têm despertado o interesse de pesquisadores, de historiadores, de curiosos e dos meios de comunicação de diferentes estados brasileiros. Palavras-chave: Cultura. Memória. Mulheres quilombolas. Religiosidade.
Desenvolvimento, territórios produtivos, trabalho e conflito social
Authors: Ramalho José Ricardo , De Oliveira Roberto Véras
Published: August 2016

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Dinâmicas de engajamento: análise de trajetórias em uma rádio comunitária
Authors: Gonçalves Severo Ricardo , Rodrigues Severo Renata Vieira
Published: August 2016

O artigo analisa como ocorre o engajamento em uma rádio comunitária considerando a perspectiva dos sujeitos envolvidos. Abordam-se os aspectos macrossociais que possibilitam ou restringem a militância e a forma de atuação destes indivíduos dentro da organização, compreendendo os períodos do ingresso, engajamento e desengajamento. A pesquisa utilizou a observação participante e entrevistas em profundidade com os indivíduos envolvidos com a rádio e também membros da rede social militante. Demonstrou-se que aspectos emocionais e estabelecimento de laços são fundamentais em todas as etapas do engajamento. Também deve-se observar a percepção de eficácia da organização com relação a seus objetivos e às formas de retribuição para com seus participantes, além dos aspectos geracionais como definidores da participação continuada.
Redes Interorganizacionais e as Organizações Individuais: Transposição da Cultura Coletiva para a Organizacional
Interorganizational Networks and the Individual Organizations: transferring the collective culture to the organizational
Authors: Vizzoto Andrieli Diniz , Pereira Breno Augusto Diniz , Klein Leander Luiz , Mello Samuel Ferreira de
Published: August 2016

As redes interorganizacionais se constituem pela união de diversas organizações com objetivos em comum, com elementos como estrutura, cultura e valores organizacionais. Este trabalho busca compreender as mudanças culturais e organizacionais pelas quais passam as organizações por participarem em redes interorganizacionais. O estudo de trata de uma pesquisa qualitativa, no qual foram realizadas entrevistas com empresários pertencentes à redes interorganizacionais como forma de obtenção de dados para realização empírica do estudo. Como resultados da pesquisa, pode-se destacar adaptações realizadas pelas empresas (como na implementação de softwares de gestão), aprendizagem com rotinas práticas diárias e mudança no comportamento e crenças dos empresários. Ficou evidenciado também que as empresas associadas com mais tempo de envolvimento com a rede, principalmente na gestão, tinham mais facilidade de compreender a rede como uma extensão da organização, resultando em trocas culturais mais profundas.
Formação e trabalho do professor de formação pedagógica da educação profissional e tecnológica
Training and work of the teachers of the pedagogical training of professional and technological education
Authors: Gontijo Vanessa Piedade , Marques Stela MariaFernandes
Published: August 2016

O artigo apresenta um estudo de caso sobre o Programa Especial de Formação Pedagógica de Docentes, ofertado por uma Instituição de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica localizada na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Seu objetivo foi investigar a formação/profissionalização, o trabalho e as condições salariais vivenciadas pelo corpo de professores que ministram aulas no referido Programa. Como técnica para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada, acompanhada por questionário estruturado. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que os professores: possuem elevado nível de formação acadêmica; estão, em sua maioria, satisfeitos quanto à questão salarial; possuem autonomia na prática docente e boa convivência no ambiente organizacional. Observamos que há satisfação no exercício da profissão, elemento importante e necessário para o “fazer” docente.
Estudo epidemiologico de suicídios no Vale do Itajaí-SC
Epidemiological study of suicides in Itajaí Valley, SC.
Authors: Oliveira Paulo Rogério Melo de , Kock Daniel Buhatem , Oliveira Micheline Ramos de , Ramos Flávio , Souza Maria Claudia S. Antunes de
Published: August 2016

Na presente pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo ecológico na Macrorregião do Vale do Itajaí entre 1996 e 2012 para identificar a população vítima de suicídio. Através dos dados disponíveis no DATASUS (Ministério da Saúde) e SIM (Secretaria de Estado de Santa Catarina), foram coletadas as informações de mortalidade voluntária no período pesquisado, obtendo os seguintes resultados: ocorreram 1.267 suicídios na região, com média de 8,881 suicídios por 100.000 habitantes (s/h) ao ano, representando a segunda maior média do Estado; Guabiruba foi o município com maior média no período (16,857 s/h) e Blumenau o município com maior número de ocorrências (377); o público masculino teve em média anual de 14,07 s/h e o feminino de 3,73 s/h; o índice de suicídios é maior, quanto maior a faixa etária, tanto em homens quanto mulheres; a maior taxa foi encontrada entre homens entre 70-79 anos, com 46,578 s/h; pessoas casadas se suicidam mais do que solteiras, em proporção muito maior do que as demais regiões do Estado; o principal método do suicídio é o enforcamento, seguido pelo uso de arma de fogo (entre homens) e intoxicação (entre mulheres); no mês de dezembro se concentram o maior número de ocorrências. O estudo epidemiológico apenas inicia um processo de conhecimento maior sobre como esse fenômeno afeta região do Vale do Itajaí, sendo necessários diversos aprofundamentos qualitativos que as estatísticas não são capazes de suprir.
Investigações sobre o comportamento do mercado de ações frente a eventos: Um estudo de caso australiano
Authors: Fernandes Ana Palloma Rocha , De Albuquerque Maranhão Roberto Kaehler
Published: August 2016

O presente texto tem por objetivo analisar o comportamento do mercado de ações frente a eventos com impacto significativo na rentabilidade de uma empresa, utilizando a metodologia de estudo de eventos. O objeto de estudo escolhido foi a variação das ações da mineradora Australiana BHP Billiton após o acidente com a barragem de Fundão, em Mariana, que era operada pela mineradora Samarco, controlada pela BHP Billiton. Esperava-se encontrar um aumento na volatilidade dessas ações em relação à volatilidade do mercado, ou seja, um aumento no Beta conforme calculado pelo CAPM, metodologia muito popular no ensino de finanças no Brasil. Conclui-se que a volatilidade das ações na bolsa Australiana não contamina o mercado, com uma volatilidade vinculada a fatores promovendo perdas grandes na bolsa Australiana alguns dias antes do evento estudado. Dessa forma, durante o evento, as ações da BHP se valorizam e não apresentam aumento de volatilidade.
New Fusion of SVD and DCT-LBP for Face Recognition
Authors: Barrah El Mahdi , Safi Said , Malaoui Abdessamad
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we proposed the fusion of two projection based face recognition algorithms: local binary Patterns in DCT domain and singular value decomposition (SVD) characterized by its simplicity and efficiently. Standard databases ORL are used to test the experimental results which prove that proposed system achieves more accurate face recognition as compared to individual method.
Preferential Pattern of Rural Women for Crop Diversification in the Villages of Hisar District
Authors: Dahiya Manju , Kundu Poonam , Yadav Beena
Published: August 2016

India is a country of about one billion people. More than 70 percent of India's population lives in rural areas where the main occupation is agriculture. Indian agriculture is characterized by small farm holdings. The average farm size is only 1.57 hectares. Around 93 percent of farmers have land holdings smaller than 4 ha and they cultivate nearly 55 percent of the arable land. Due to diverse agro-climatic conditions in the country, a large number of agricultural items are produced. Crop diversification is intended to give a wider choice in the production of a variety of crops in a given area so as to expand production related activities on various crops and also to lessen risk. Crop diversification in India is generally viewed as a shift from traditionally grown less remunerative crops. Crop diversification and also the growing of large number of crops are practised in rain fed lands to reduce the risk factor of crop failures due to drought and less rains. Diversification originated from the word ‘Diverge’ which means to move or extend in a different direction from a common point. Crop diversification is essential for an agricultural based economy like Haryana to meet the cash needs of the family as well as to combat risk associated with mono-cropping. Moreover the state is facing problems of decreasing size of farm holdings, decreasing cultivable area, increasing soil salinity as well as rising water tables, imbalanced use of fertilizers and micro-nutrient deficiency, harsh climate, low forest cover (3.52%), considerable area still under rain fed farming (19%), lack of required processing and value addition facilities, storage constraints and off late shortage of labour for farming operations. All these factors are adversely affecting productivity enhancement. Traditionally diversification was used more in the context of a subsistence kind of farming, wherein farmers grew many crops on their farm. The household level food security as also risk was in important consideration in diversification. The farmers with smaller (< 2.0 hac.) farms do practice diversified farming. On quite small holdings often fragmented farmers nation wide allocate their land among seasonal crops, fruits and vegetables ,dairy and perhaps poultry to maximise their household labour utilization and income but the role of women in diversification is still not visible. Keeping all this in view preferential pattern of rural women for crop diversification was studied. The experiment was carried in Bandaheri and Burak villages of Hisar II block of district Hisar, Haryana. Data were collected with the help of structured interview schedule.
Interview with 2016 SPE President Nathan Meehan
Authors: Meehan Nathan , Donnelly John
Published: August 2016

President's interview

Nathan Meehan is senior executive adviser at Baker Hughes, where he advises executive management on reservoir and geoscience issues. Previously, he served as the president of CMG Petroleum Consulting, an independent consultancy; vice president of engineering at Occidental Petroleum; and general manager of exploration and production at Union Pacific Resources. Meehan earned a BSc in physics from the Georgia Institute of Technology, an MSc in petroleum engineering from the University of Oklahoma, and a PhD in petroleum engineering from Stanford University.

What goals would you like to accomplish during your term?

I would like to focus during the next year on helping SPE accomplish five interrelated goals.

Making sure that SPE stays relevant and useful to our members and the industry we serve

Encouraging more interdisciplinary and inter-industry collaboration

Focusing on the “public benefit” aspect of SPE’s mission

Recruiting and mentoring the next generation of oil and gas professionals

Expanding and improving the way we communicate

These accomplishments will support SPE’s mission: To collect, disseminate, and exchange technical knowledge concerning the exploration, development and production of oil and gas resources, and related technologies for the public benefit, and to provide opportunities for professionals to enhance their technical and professional competence.

On top of the ongoing challenges we face as an industry, we now have to contend with low prices. Yet, we still have to deliver the huge volumes of oil and gas that are needed each day by the 7.2 billion people who inhabit our planet. And, we have to do it more safely, more economically, more quickly, and more sustainably. We cannot compete—or in some cases, even survive— doing business as usual. We need disruptive technologies and processes. But change is difficult to accept. This is where SPE can play a pivotal role.

Innovation comes about by thinking differently and creatively, by connecting seemingly unrelated ideas, and putting them together in unrelated ways to produce something novel or original. This requires collaboration among diverse and disparate groups of people. One of my colleagues likes to describe SPE as a network of bridges that connects people, companies, and ideas to enable the collaboration that fuels innovation. That network of bridges is never more important than during difficult periods such as the one we are currently experiencing. By reaching out to other disciplines and other industries, SPE not only helps fuel collaboration and innovation, but also fulfills its mission of staying relevant.
Crossover Technologies Enhance Innovation in Oil Industry
Authors: Henni Abdelghani
Published: August 2016

CTO Summit

The challenges facing the oil and gas industry require crossover technologies from other industries such as aerospace, automotive, and medicine to help drive efficiency, boost productivity, and optimize performance, a summit panel said.

At the recent Chief Technology Officers Summit held in conjunction with the Abu Dhabi International Research and Development Conference and Exhibition, the panelists concurred that while off-the-shelf solutions are often used to solve problems, bespoke in-country research and development (R&D) solutions will become more important in reaching production targets in the coming decades.

The theme of the event was “How Can Innovation From Other Industries Play a Key Role in Enhancing Performance in the Energy Sector?”

Alain Guenot, senior vice president of Total Exploration and Production in the UAE, said Total has established five laboratories covering robotics, big data, nanotechnology, and enhanced oil recovery to develop bespoke R&D solutions. “We also have laboratories that are established only for short periods, a maximum of 2 years, to solve the challenges we face,” he said.

Managing Big Data

A key issue facing the industry is the management of big data, an area of expertise more commonly associated with companies such as Google and Microsoft. “Big data has been a problem in oil and gas, especially in the seismic data, as the whole industry has been involved in trying to manage it properly,” said William Coates, senior vice president of technology and marketing at Schlumberger.

The digitalization of operations has created new challenges in terms of managing and analyzing the seismic data in order to optimize resource extraction, manage well operations, improve reservoir performance, and avoid disruptions. Big data may affect the skill sets required in operations and how petroleum engineering is taught in universities.

“Of course, we need to continue teaching petroleum engineering, but we need to introduce new courses to match the ongoing developments facing the industry,” said Thomas Hochstettler, president of the Petroleum Institute University and Research Center in Abu Dhabi. “The big data became a more important part in the industry, and we need to introduce it in courses that cover this sector. In the long term, we need to keep our eyes open to this and we should work on how we incorporate this.”
Investigating Aperture-Based Permeability and Capillary Pressure in Rock Fractures
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: August 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 170819, “Investigating Aperture-Based Stress-Dependent Permeability and Capillary Pressure in Rock Fractures,” by Da Huo, SPE, Boxiao Li, SPE, and Sally M. Benson, SPE, Stanford University, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Laboratory measurements of fracture-aperture distributions have been made by use of computed-tomography (CT) scanning under various conditions of effective stress. The stress-dependent aperture-distribution data demonstrate that increasing stress results in two effects: The mean aperture will decrease and the variance of aperture distribution will increase. By analyzing the stress-dependent mean and variance of aperture distributions, this paper provides a more straightforward method for estimating stress-dependent permeability and capillary pressure in rock fractures.

Experimental Setup

A Berea sandstone is cut to create a fracture in the middle of the core. The sample is moderately homogeneous, with little porosity variation. The fracture surface is very rough and has large aperture variations. The length of the sample is 8 cm, and the radius is 5 cm. The porosity of the sample is 0.22. The rock sample is wrapped in a sleeve and then placed in an aluminum core holder. Water is injected around the sleeve to create the confining stress. Two high-accuracy pressure transducers are used to measure pressure at the inlet and outlet of the core, and electric heaters maintain the temperature of the core. Pore pressure is kept constant at atmospheric pressure, and temperature stays constant at 50°C. For permeability measurements, a dual-pump system is used to inject water into the core. A pressure-regulating pump is connected to the outlet of the core to maintain 2.07 MPa at the downstream end of the core throughout the experiment. The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1.

Permeability is measured with the steady-state method. Fluid is injected at three different rates while the pressure drop across the core is measured. On the basis of core size, fluid viscosity, slope of pressure drop, and fluid-injection rate, Darcy’s law is used to calculate permeability. The intact-core permeability is measured at different stress levels and is subtracted from the fractured-core permeability. Permeability is calculated using a mean aperture of 0.1 mm.

The core holder is placed in a medical X-ray CT scanner. Five repeated scans are taken and averaged to reduce the uncertainty of the CT scanning.
Technology Focus: Completions (September 2015)
Authors: Clem Nicholas
Published: August 2016

Technology Focus

Like a fingerprint, every completion is unique and gives each well its own identity. The hardware selection, its deployment method, and the associated stimulation technique combine to create a one-of-kind completion, custom tailored for each application. It is this infinite variation that constantly fuels a collective desire to bring stability to the completion process. More so than ever before, the themes of efficiency and optimization serve as a backbone for completion design and execution. These themes remain valid under any market condition but become all the more significant in challenging or volatile climates.

Well completions play a critical role in the overall productivity of a reservoir, which inherently drives the decision-making processes toward well efficiency and production optimization. While there are many gains to be had around more-efficient hardware and stimulation deployment, improving the overall well efficiency and optimizing the production profile through carefully designed and implemented completion strategies represent the true endgame.

The challenge lies in accessing the key ingredient that enables harmonization of all the various components: data. Today, full-field studies comparing varying completion techniques with associated production performance are commonplace to evaluate and home in on optimum completion methods. Sensing technology, common to drilling and evaluation, continues to be integrated into completions, providing a front-row seat for the main event, production. The adage “knowledge is power” could not be more relevant in this context. Data collection and analysis, and subsequent controls, are what ultimately will enable the most-efficient and -optimized wells.

The papers highlighted in this feature speak to these themes that have become ever-present within the completions community. This selection of case histories and new technology reinforces the inherent desire to achieve stability through efficiency and optimization, even under the most challenging of market conditions. JPT

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 170264 Electronic-Set Openhole Packer Installation in Campos Basin, Offshore Brazil: A Case History by G.D. Mendes, Baker Hughes, et al.

SPE 170694 Acid-Soluble Plugs— Pressure-Tight Solution for a Preperforated Liner by E. Livingston, ConocoPhillips, et al.

SPE/IADC 170547 Innovative Intelligent Multizone Gravel-Pack Completion Revives Production in Malaysian Brownfield by T.U. Ceccarelli, Schlumberger, et al.

SPE 170738 Composite-Plug-Milling Efficiency Improvement Through Rheology Control—Lessons Learned From the Horizontal Completions in the Devernay Shale by Darren Huynh, Shell Canada, et al.
Completion Optimization in the Williston Basin Through Integrated Data Sets
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: August 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 170721, “Completion Optimization and Validation in the Williston Basin Through Integrated Data Sets,” by J. Barhaug, SPE, V. King, SPE, A. Schmidt, SPE, A. Southcott, SPE, L. Steinke, SPE, and H. Harper, WPX Energy, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

With the surge in activity in the Williston basin, the ability to optimize completions has mainly been an expensive trial-and-error system. With the advent of sliding-sleeve technology, operational efficiency could potentially be increased, but the effectiveness of the completion remained unclear. This paper presents a work flow to analyze data sets to optimize completion efficiency.

Introduction

The operator gathered a number of data sets from the Williston basin (the geology is discussed in the complete paper) and integrated the results to arrive at an optimized completion design at a fraction of the cost. This step was conducted with Phase 1; Phase 2 was then implemented to test the recommended design. This summary will focus on Phase 1, with detailed coverage of Phase 2 available in the complete paper. Completion optimization was defined as improving well performance and fracture behavior while also increasing internal rate of return.

For Phase 1, there were four laterals with varying completion and isolation types and an S-shaped well used to acquire specialty logs, core data, and microseismic data. All of the completed stages used a hybrid fluid system with linear guar gel for the pad and 100-mesh sand stages (10,000 lbm pumped in single stages, 20,000 lbm in double stages) and then transitioned to a crosslinked guar gel for the 20/40-sand and 20/40-intermediate-strength-proppant (ISP) stages. A mix of 35% 20/40 sand and 65% 20/40 ISP was used on all the stages. The two-entry-point double-cemented stage was the current completion design at the time this study was conducted. This meant a total of 16 stages, with 31 entry points for a 9,500-ft effective lateral.

The process undertaken to optimize the completion design in Phase 1 had several steps:

Empirical comparison of interpreted fracture behavior in test wells using analysis of microseismic data, proppant-tracer data, and fracture-pressure history matching (FPHM)

Determination from those analyses of preferred design components

Constraint of additional design components by use of multivariate statistical analysis

Filling out remaining design components by use of forward fracture modeling

Estimation of the economic impact of the new design

The components incorporated into the final design were isolation and entry-point type, perforation scheme, stage length, proppant volume, and treatment rate. The complete paper describes in detail the data sets that contributed to the final optimized completion design (miscroseismic, hydraulic-fracture model, multivariate analysis, and proppant tracer).
Fracture Optimization in the Valdemar Field Offshore Denmark
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: August 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 170981, “Fracture Optimization Reduces Completion Cost While Improving Well Productivity in the Valdemar Field Offshore Denmark,” by Dario Stemberger, SPE, Maersk Oil, and Pedro Saldungaray, SPE, and Terry Palisch, SPE, Carbo Ceramics, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The Valdemar field contains a target reservoir that is a Lower Cretaceous “dirty chalk” containing up to 25% insoluble fines, porosity greater than 20%, and permeability below 0.5 md. Stimulations on several wells showed suboptimal production rates, which led to the conclusion that the Lower Cretaceous was not economically producible. An intensive study was therefore carried out to evaluate all aspects of the fracture design and implementation. This paper focuses on the aspects of proppant selection and adequate fracture-conductivity placement, with the goal of improving well productivity and cumulative recovery.

Completion Optimization

The Valdemar field is located in the Danish sector of the North Sea. The reservoir is characterized by a heterogeneous sequence of argillaceous chalk with thin beds of marl and claystone. The Lower Cretaceous reservoir is subdivided into 14 reservoir units on the basis of nanopaleontology and sequence stratigraphy. Because of the Valdemar field’s suboptimal production rates, an intensive study was carried out in 2008. Numerous experts were invited to view data, perform simulations, and offer recommendations. Eleven key items were identified as areas of potential improvement and are detailed further in the complete paper:

Improve the accuracy of treatment displacements.

Implement aggressive fracturing-fluid-breaker designs.

Improve fracture conductivity by use of resieved sand.

Introduce real-time data acquisition and modeling.

Enhance interpretation of minifracture analysis.

Gather pressure data for afterclosure analysis.

Minimize total fluids injected.

Assess the use of ceramic screened sliding sleeves for proppant-flowback control.

Supervise well cleanup.

Institute quality-control procedure for completion brine.

Introduce ceramic proppants for fracture-conductivity enhancement.

A study by a third-party consultant was conducted to determine the optimum fracture design. The study concluded that, for various reasons, the fractures were conductivity-limited, and that larger proppant was needed to improve effective fracture conductivity. This recommendation was furthered by implementing ceramic proppant, a process discussed in detail in the complete paper.
Surface Torque/Tension Measurements Used To Detect and Calculate Stick/Slip
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: August 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 170624, “Stick/Slip Detection and Friction-Factor Testing Using Surface- Based Torque and Tension Measurements,” by Stephen W. Lai, SPE, Mitch Wood, Aaron Eddy, SPE, and Trevor Holt, Pason Systems, and Matthew Bloom, SPE, Nexen, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

A surface-based torque and tension sub (TTS) was used to perform measurements while drilling several extended-reach horizontal wells. A filtered version of surface torque was used to calculate a stick/slip metric, which was compared with stick/slip measurements from a downhole tool. The results show that there is reasonable correlation between surface and downhole metrics. A comparison was also made between hookload measured with a deadline sensor and tension measurement from the surface sub. The results show a systematic discrepancy of approximately 5% that is likely caused by sheave friction.

Torque- and Tension-Measurement Tool

A commercially available TTS was used to perform accurate measurements of surface torque and tension for this study. The TTS measures torque and tension at 50 Hz and transmits the readings to the surface system by a wireless link. The surface electronic-drilling-recorder (EDR) system is used to display the readings to the driller and to store the raw 50-Hz data for post-processing.

The TTS is shown in Fig. 1. The main body consists of a stainless-steel core on which several strain-gauge sensors are mounted. Measurements of mechanical strain in tangential and axial directions are used to calculate the magnitude of rotational torque and axial force being applied to the sub. A circular housing surrounds the middle of the core and contains the sub electronics including sampling circuits, radio transceivers, and replaceable batteries. Data are transmitted with two omnidirectional antennas that are directed downward toward the doghouse. A remote antenna radio module is placed in the doghouse or near the rig floor to receive the transmitted data. The TTS is powered by two disposable lithium batteries, which have an operational life of 40 days per battery. In this study, the TTS was installed in the topdrive assembly directly below the mudsaver valve (Fig. 1).
Los Cursos Masivos en Línea en Coursera y su Empleo Potencial en los Programas de Ingeniería en América Latina
Authors: Aguilar Rolando , Rosete-Suárez Alejandro
Published: August 2016

Los cursos masivos abierto en línea son un fenómeno reciente que ha revolucionado la forma en que se enfoca la educación superior a nivel mundial, fundamentalmente en ciertas temáticas y para los países más desarrollados. En este trabajo se realiza un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los idiomas y temáticas de los cursos que se ofertan en la plataforma Coursera, que es hoy una de las más importantes. Los resultados demuestra que son grandes las potencialidades de la actual oferta educativa de este tipo de cursos para ser empleado en las carreras de ingeniería en América Latina, no solo en el área de la Ingeniería en Informática o Computación, sino en otras ingenierías como son los casos de las Ingeniería Mecánica, Civil, Hidráulica, Eléctrica y Electrónica.
Paralelización del Algoritmo Criptográfico GOST Empleando el Paradigma de Memoria Compartida
Authors: Fulgueira-Camilo Marlis , Hernández-Duany Ómar A. , Henry-Fuenteseca Venus
Published: August 2016

El artículo refiere el proceso de paralelización del algoritmo criptográfico GOST. La investigación realizada persigue como objetivo, reducir el tiempo de ejecución del algoritmo. El estudio no se encuentra enfocado al análisis de fortaleza del algoritmo criptográfico, donde se hace énfasis es en el método empleado para disminuir el tiempo de ejecución de los procesos cifre y descifre. Para ello se realiza un diseño paralelo basado en la metodología de Ian Foster, el cual es aplicado a dos implementaciones usando técnicas como: OpenMP y CUDA. Las comparaciones realizadas teniendo en cuenta, tanto al algoritmo secuencial como las implementaciones paralelas, demuestran una significativa reducción de tiempo, sin importar la técnica empleada. El mejor resultado se logra empleando CUDA.
Carta Editorial: Administración Efectiva de Riesgos, una Práctica Útil a Todo Nivel
Authors: López-Valencia Beatriz Elena
Published: August 2016

La administración de riesgos, entendida como una práctica que se enfoca principalmente en identificar, calificar, tratar y monitorear los riesgos a los que se encuentran expuestas las empresas, procesos, proyectos, actividades, etc., ha sido ampliamente utilizada en diferentes organizaciones alrededor del mundo y son reconocidos tanto los beneficios de implementar esta práctica de manera sistemática, como las pérdidas que han podido evitarse debido parcialmente a la anticipación que proporciona una efectiva administración de riesgos.