bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Studies by Means of Molecular Beams. VIII. A Method of Measuring the Intensity of Potassium Atomic Beams with an Incandescent Tungsten Surface. Part 2
Authors: Kodera Kumasaburo
Published: July 2006

In these experiments on the measurement of the intensity of potas？ium atomic beams with a tungsten ribbon, the following results have been obtained:

(1) The ionization efficiency of adsorbed potassium atoms by flashing is found to be in good agreement with the calculated one, if the correct values of the work function and those of the contact potential of the tungsten surface are used.

(2) Adsorbed potassium atoms begin to migrate on the surface of the ribbon when the latter is heated to 500–700 °C. This effect enables us to obtain a perfect ionization even with a concentration higher than θ=0.04.

(3) A simple method of determining the heat of activation of the surface migration is proposed.

From the above facts, it has been concluded that this method is the most suitable for measuring all at one time weak atomic beams of large cross sections.
Studies on Rhythmic Precipitates
Authors: Isemura Toshizo
Published: July 2006

(1) The conditions of the formation of various examples of rhythmic precipitates have been studied. The effects were tested of the change of species and concentrations of gel, inner electrolyte and outer electrolyte, the temperature, the light intensity and the hydrogen ion concentrations of medium and outer electrolyte solution.

(2) The regularity of spacing between bands has been studied. The distance between bands is expressed empirically by the quadratic equation concerning the ordinal number of it. The same equation was deduced from a theoretical standpoint, the physical meaning of the equation being considered.

(3) Classification of the rhythmic precipitates by the cause of formation and by the structure has been proposed. Secondary bands were investigated and discussed.

(4) New examples of rhythmic precipitate have been described, i.e. barium chromate, cobalt phosphate, lead carbonate, lead phosphate, lead iodate, silver arsenate, silver carbonate, silver iodate and silver capronate in gelatine gel, and bismuth chromate, bismuthyl chloride, bismuthyl nitrate, cobalt phosphate, cobalt sulphide, copper carbonate, copper iodate, cerium iodate, calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, strontium oxalate, ferric ferrocyanide, lead carbonate, lead iodate, lead phosphate, nickel dimeihylglyoxime, silver arsenate, silver ferrocyanide, silver phosphate, silver iodate, uranyl phosphate and uranyl arsenate in silicic acid gel. The conditions for the formation of these rhythmic precipitates have been thoroughly investigated.
The Isomerization of Dimethyl Maleate by Hydrogen Bromide and by Hydrogen Chloride
Authors: Simamura Osamu
Published: July 2006

(1) No isomerization of isostilbene to stilbene occurs with hydrogen chloride in the presence of either reduced nickel or oxygen.

(2) Hydrogen bromide and hydrogen chloride cause the isomerization of dimethyl maleate to the fumarate either in absence of solvents or in carbon tetrachloride solution.

(3) Oxygen has no effect on the isomerization of dimethyl maleate by hydrogen halides.

(4) The isomerization of dimethyl maleate by hydrogen halides belongs to another type of catalyzed cis-trans isomerization apparently distinct from that of isostilbene by hydrogen bromide and oxygen.

(5) A hypothesis has been proposed concerning the mechanism of the isomerization of dimethyl maleate caused by hydrogen halides.

In conclusion, the author wishes to express his sincere thanks to Prof. Y. Urushibara for his kind guidance and encouragements throughout the work and to Prof. S. Mizushima for valuable advices. Thanks are also due to the Japan Society for the Promotion of Scientific Research (Nippon Gakujutsu Shinko-Kwai) and to Ozi Seisi Company for grants.
Studies on the Oiliness of Liquids. VII. Measurements of the Static Friction Coefficients of Esters, Ketones, and Glycerine
Authors: Isemura Toshizo
Published: July 2006

(1) The static friction coefficients have been measured when esters, ketones and glycerine are placed on the glass surface as lubricants.

(2) The friction coefficients of these liquids are very high.

(3) Some considerations have been made on the high friction coefficients of these liquids.

(4) The friction coefficients of water and methyl alcohol have been revised.
The Photochemical Dehydrogenation of Ergosterol and 7-Dehydrocholesterol
Authors: Ando Toshio
Published: July 2006

Ergopinacone and 7-dehydrocholesterol-pinacone have been prepared by two different methods, viz., the boiling method and the carbon dioxide method. The products obtained by the two methods as well as diacetates and dibenzoates derived from them have been compared. It has been indicated that the two methods yield the same products.

In conclusion the author wishes to express his hearty thanks to Prof. Y. Urushibara for his kind guidance and encouragement. He acknowledges also his indebtedness to Dr. K. Yamasaki for his advice and kindness in taking absorption spectra, and to Mr. Yasohachi Yamaguchi and to Ozi Seisi Co. for generous help.
Studies on Luminescent Materials. Part 1. Theory of Zinc Sulphide-copper Crystal Phosphor
Authors: Uehara Yasuo
Published: July 2006

In this paper, the author has attempted to interpret the properties of the zinc sulphide-copper crystal phosphor from the view point of zone-theory.

(1) It was pointed out that the activation centre of zinc sulphide–copper phosphor consists of Cu ion surrounded by the ions of Zn and S.

(2) The transition of electron of Cu+ ion from the ground state 1S0 to the conduction band is responsible for the excitation bands of fluorescence.

(3) The two fluorescence bands with maxima at 5250 Å and 4550 Å in this phosphor may be correlated with the electronic transitions

^3D_3 & →^1S_0 (α-band),

^3D_2 & →^1S_0 (β-band),

(4) If the electron in the excited states of Cu+ ion absorbs heat energy, it makes a transition to the conduction band and be free to move in the phosphor, then the phosphor will show a phenomenon of the photoconduction.
The Effect of Gases upon the Catalytic Decomposition of Oxalic Acid by Colloidal Platinum
Authors: Sano Isamu
Published: July 2006

(1) The influences of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen as well as air under reduced pressure upon the decomposition of aqueous solution of oxalic acid (0.05 n) were, in the existence of colloidal platinum obtained from colloidal platinum-carbonyl through dialysis and under diffused daylight, examined at 50.0°C.

(2) Oxygen alone has a marked effect in accelerating the decomposition, but the two others none.

(3) This gives support to the mechanism of reaction previously discussed.
Studies on Luminescent Materials. Part 2. On the Fluores-cence Spectra of Zinc Sulphide-Copper Crystalphosphors at −185°, 20°, and 150°C
Authors: Uehara Yasuo
Published: July 2006

(1) Energy distribution curves of the fluorescence spectra of pure ZnS and ZnS/Cu phosphors were measured at −185°, 20°, and 150°C.

(2) Four fluorescence bands were observed in the pure ZnS phosphors containing no activator and no flux. It was pointed out that these four fluorescence bands may be correlated with the transitions

&^1P_1→^1S_0=4670Å=η

&^3P_2→^1S_0=4670Å=ζ

&^3P_1→^1S_0=5085Å=ε

&^3P_0→^1S_0=5455Å=γ

of the electron of the Zn atom in the activation centre.

(3) In the ZnS phosphors activated by Cu, three bands α, β and β1 were observed. These three fluorescence bands may be correlated with the transitions

&^3D_3→^1S_0=5260Å=α

&^3D_2→^1S_0=4410Å=β

&^3D_1→^1S_0=4245Å=β_1

of the electron of the cu+ ion in the activation centre.

(4) The effect of the temperature and of the amount of the activator, and flux on the fluorescence spectra were discussed.
Absorption Spectra of Co-ordination Compounds. IV. Ethylenediamine Cobaltic Complexes
Authors: Kuroya Hisao , Tsuchida Ryutaro
Published: July 2006

1. Absorption spectra of a number of ethylenediamine cobaltic complex salts have been observed. Generally speaking, their absorption bands, especially the second, are more hypsochromic than those of the corresponding ammine salts.

2. The results have proved that the author’s hypothesis on the absorption spectra holds good for the ethylenediamine complex salts.

3. Examples of the third absorption bands have been found in the diethylenediamine cobaltic complexes of known configurations.

4. A new method of separating [Co en3]3+ and [Co en2Cl2(6)(1)]+ has been devised.
Copper, Lead, and Zinc Content of the Hot Springs of Japan
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo
Published: July 2006

(1) A method for the determination of the minute quantities of copper in the mineral springs was studied.

(2) Copper, lead, and zinc content of a number of hot springs of Japan were estimated.
On the Nature of Foam. VII. Foam Formation of Mixed Aqueous Solution of Saponin and Ethyl Alcohol
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka
Published: July 2006

(1) The foam formation of mixed aqueous solution containing saponin in a constant amount and ethyl alcohol in varying concentration was studied. Life of the foam produced in aqueous solutions of saponin (concentrations being 0.009085 g./l. and 0.001820 g./l.) is remarkably increased in length by the addition of alcohol within the region of concentration covering over from 0.0026 mol/l. to 0.77 mol/l. Addition of alcohol in concentration exceeding 0.77 mol/l. again renders the foam unstable.

(2) Attempts were made to explain the mechanism of foam formation relating to the above phenomena.

(3) Foam and hydrosol were compared with respect to their properties as a disperse system, from which some resemblances as well as differences were pointed out between them.
Polymerisation of Tung Oil. III. Molecular Weights of Tung Oil and its Polymerides
Authors: Tatimori Monzi
Published: July 2006

The molecular weights of polymerised tung oils were measured in the solution of benezne, camphor, nitrobenzene, bromoform, ethylene bromide by the cryoscopic method.

By the camphor method reasonable molecular weights were obtained. But in benzene the molecular weight decreases rapidly with the increasing concentration. In nitrobenzene, ethylene bromide, bromoform the molecular weight behaves as linear function of concentration and the rate of decrease in molecular weight with increasing concentration is not so eminent as in benzene.

On the contrary in cyclohexane the molecular weight increases with the increasing concentration and reasonable values are obtained by extrapolation. The abnormality in benzene may be considered as the solvation action.
On the Metallo-Orgatric Compounds. X. Electroisomerism in Triethyltin
Authors: Harada Taichi
Published: July 2006

The free triethyltin groups prepared by two methods, namely, the reduction of (C2H5)3SnX and the oxidation of (C2H5)2SnNa or ((C2H5)2SnNa)2 appear to be identical. However, their rate of oxidation appears to differs markedly from one another. It is assumed that this is due to their electronic constitutional difference (electroisomeric) or in the methods of preparation.
Studies on the Organic Molecular Compounds. Part I. The Influence of Nitro Radicals and Second Substitution Radicals on the Formation of the Aromatic-Nitroaromatic Molecular Compounds. I
Authors: Shinomiya Chiro
Published: July 2006

The molecular compound of naphthalene. and naphthols with mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-nitro aromatic compounds are systematically compared, and the compound formation discussed with solid—liquid phase diagrams.
On the Catalytic Action of Japanese Acid Earth. XII. The Relation between the Catalytic Activity and Adsorption. II. The Adsorption Isotherms of Water and Acetonitrile for the Earth
Authors: Ishimura Koshiro
Published: July 2006

Adsorption isotherms of water and acetonitrile for Japanese acid earth have been studied by using a McBain’s sorption balance. A marked hysteresis phenomenon has been observed in both cases. It has been found that as the process of adsorption and desorption is repeated, the lower region of the hysteresis area tends to be reversible in the case of water, while in the case of acetonitrile hysteresis covers the whole range of the isotherms even after the fourth series of adsorption and desorption. In both cases the upper region of the hysteresis area remains unchanged. The first type of the hysteresis, which tends to disappear, has been explained as due to the existence of the adsorbed foreign substances on the surface of the earth, while the second type is associated with capillary condensation process. The difference between the behaviours of water and acetonitrile can be attributed to the difference of affinity of the two substances to the earth. The total volume of pores of the earth has been calculated from the adsorbed amounts of the two substances and found about 40 c.c. for 100 g. earth.
The Formation of Polyhydroxy-dialdehydes. I. Xylo-trihydroxy-glutaric Dialdehyde and its Derivatives
Authors: Iwadare Koichi
Published: July 2006

By the oxidation of 1,2-monoacetone-d-glucofuranose with lead tetraacetate, 1,2-monoacetone-d-xylo-trihydroxy-glutaric dialdehyde was obtained, which distils at 132-136° at 0.01-0.02 mm. pressure, and has specific rotatory power, [α]D16, of 20°±3° in alcohol. Its monophenylhydrazone melts at 140.5–141° and has specific rotatory power, [α]D10, of −41°±1° in chloroform, and its monosemicarbazone melts at 209.5°. 1,2-Monoacetone-d-xylo-trihydroxy-glutaric dialdehyde was hydrolized to xylo-trihydroxy-glutaric dialdehyde and bis-phenylhydrazone and bis-p-nitrophenyl-hydrazone of the latter were obtained. Melting points of them are 126.5–127.5° and 191–192° respectively. 1,2-Monoacetone-d-xylo-trihydroxy-glutaric dialdehyde and xylo-trihydroxy-glutaric dialdehyde were oxidized by bromine in presence of strontium carbonate, and strontium 1,2-monoacetone-d-xyluronate and strontium xylo-trihydroxy-glutarate were obtained respectively.
Polymerisation of Tung Oil. V. Effects of Treated Fatty Oils upon the Gelation of Tung Oil
Authors: Tatimori Monzi
Published: July 2006

1. The gelation—preventing actions of oxidised and polymerised linseed oil were measured. The value of x∞ increases with the increasing degree of cooking and the value for oxidised oils is always greater than that for polymerised oils of the same cooking degree.

2. Perilla oil was oxidised at 100°C., 200°C. and 300°C. to the degrees of iodine values 170, 150, 140 and the effects upon the gelation were meas？red. In the cases of oxidised oil prepared at 300°C. the relation of 1⁄t∼x was linear and the value of x∞ increase according to the increase of cooking degree. In the cases of oxidised at 100°C. and 200°C. curved lines were obtained. This tendency is supposed to be due to the peroxide contained in it.

3. The effect of benzoyl peroxide also was examined. Benzoyl peroxide has a strong gelation accelerating action. The effect of perilla oil added with benzoyl peroxide is similar to that of perilla oil oxidised at low temperature.

4. The gelation—preventing action of brominated oils is very strong and the value of x∞ is less than 4%. Therefore, these substances can be used as a strong gelation—preventing agent.
Studies on the Reactions between Oxides in Solid State at Higher Temperatures. II. The Reaction between Calcium Oxide and Titanium Oxide and the Photo-sensitivity of Calcium Titanate
Authors: Tanaka Yasuo
Published: July 2006

(1) It has been ascertained that there exists only one addition compound, perovskite (CaO·TiO2), in the system CaO and TiO2. As for the unit cell size of pure perovskite, a=7.615Å should be given as correct, which is twice as great as the value hitherto given.

(2) CaO·TiO2 has been proved to form a solid solution with the two components, the range of which spreads approximately from a slight excess of TiO2 to CaO:TiO2=3:2, and in which the lattice constant is enlarged and the crystal form deviates from cubic with the increase of the content of CaO.

(3) At the early stage of the solid reaction of this system, the product is richest in TiO2 within the possible range of the solid solution; the solid solution rich in CaO may be formed gradually when an excess of CaO is present.

(4) It has been concluded that, although there exists a rapid initial reaction, a further reaction is controlled by the diffusion of the two components through the reaction product. The energy of activation of the diffusion process has been calculated as 30.3 kilocalories per mole.

(5) It has been found that the reaction products turn light red by the action of light; some observations thereon have been made.
Studies on the Thermal Diffusion of Solutions. I. Thermal Diffusion Coefficient of Some Inorganic Solutions
Authors: Hirota Kozo
Published: July 2006

(1) It has been shown that the thermal diffusion apparatus of Clusions and Dickel with a comparatively large wall distance is suitable for the determination of the thermal diffusion coefficient of liquid solutions.

(2) The separations of some inorganic solutions (HCl, H2SO4, NaCl, KCl, NH4CI, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, CuSO4 and NaOH) have been carried out.

(3) The observed results have been shown to be in concordance with the theory of Debye and to give reasonable Soret constants if com？ared with those, hitherto, directly measured.

(4) The thermal diffusion (coefficient of each solution has been determined, and from these values the nature of the thermal diffusion has been discussed to some extent.
On the Metalloorganic Compounds. XI. Trialkyitin Sulphide, R3SnSSnR3
Authors: Harada Taichi
Published: July 2006

Trialkyltin sulphide has been prepared according to the reaction: 2R_3SnX+Na_2S=R_3SnSSnR_3+2NaX
Hydrocarbons from Carbide (A) IV. Non-Catalytic Polymerization under Ordinary Pressure. Acetylene-Carbide System and General Remarks
Authors: Negishi Ryoji , Kamiike Osamu
Published: July 2006

It has been shown that when acetylene is used as a carrier gas, the percentage of the total liquid products, based on the reacted carbide acetylene (or carbon), increases owing to the polymerization of the carrier gas itself, provided its concentration is sufficiently high. If the concentration is low, the effect of the introduced acetylene appears limited merely to the suppression of the formation of free acetylene.

An explanation for a higher content than in the reacted gas of methane in the effluent gas used for desorption has been given for the acetylene system.

The supplementary data in support and evidence for the reasonableness of the over-all mechanism of nascent acetylene polymerization, which may be written

n(C_2H_2)=(C_2H_2)_n,

have been given.

It has been indicated that the efficacy of the synthesis of hydrocarbon liquids directly from calcium carbide is higher than even the catalytic polymerization, so far reported in literature, of ordinary acetylene.
Determination of the Minute Quantities of Silver in Mineral Waters by the Dithizone Method
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo
Published: July 2006

(1) Volumetric and spectroscopic methods, using dithizone for determining the minute quantities of silver in the mineral waters, were studied.

(2) The amount of silver in mineral springs was estimated by the dithizone method. The occurrence of silver in the hot springs of Sukayu was spectroscopically detected and estimated to be about 10γ per litre. The dithizone method gave 12∼15γ Ag per litre.
The Synthesis of Iso- and Normal Butyl Alcohols in the Presence of Calcium Carbide (B) V. Comparison of the Results in Dry and Liquid Systems
Authors: Negishi Ryoji , Kamiike Osamu
Published: July 2006

The results of autoclave runs IIIA Ser. 100, IIIA Ser. 113 in dry and IVA Ser. 124 carried out in liquid paraffin have been compared and discussed rather quantitatively.

It has been found that the main reactions involving the carbide are the same in the two systems. The differences found are attributable to the accumulation of the heat of reaction, while those among the series of the same system are, in addition, due to such secondary effects as the time of contact and the amount of the carbide present.

From a considerable body of experimental results, it has been indicated that the role of the carbide is to dehydrate the methanol synthesized from carbon monoxide and hydrogen to produce isobutyl alcohol, and with further dehydration of the alcohols, hydrocarbon liquids are produced. Under certain conditions the principal fraction of the carbide acetylene may escape as free or form olefines and yellow powder, with only a slight formation of liquid products.

It has been shown that cracking of the carbide acetylene is avoided at the expense of that of the medium.
The Glow Electrolysis and its Mechanism. II. On the Study of the Formation of Basic Salts
Authors: Yamaguchi Yohei , Muta Akinori
Published: July 2006

(1) It has been said that oxides are formed by the glow-electrolysis of zinc sulphate solution. From the above studies, however, it is known that ZnSO4·3Zn(OH)2 is formed, and the colloidal solution of zinc hydroxide is obtained with very dilute solution, as 8.04×10−6 Mol.

(2) It has been said that oxide or hydroxide is formed in the cupric sulphate solution. From the above researches, however, the basic salt, 2CuSO4·5Cu(OH)2·H2O, is obtained from its concentrated solution of over 0.002 mol., and CuSO4·3Cu(OH)2 is obtained from under 0.002 mol. and colloidal solution of simple hydroxide, CuO·2H2O, is formed with the very dilute solution of 5×10−6 mol./l.

(3) The reason for the abnormally large current efficiency such as about 120% has not been cleared. From the following facts, it is cleared that this is the result of the secondary formation of the basic salt.

(a) The comparison of the ordinary method of formation of the basic salt with its formation by the glow electrolysis.

(b) The agreement between the current efficiency of hydroxide contained in basic salt as a constituent and that of hydroxide produced in a very dilute solution.

(c) The weight of copper anodically dissolved shows the current efficiency of about 100%.

(d) The weight of the basic salt, ZnSO4·3Zn(OH)2-H2O which is formed from ZnO, is the sum of the weight of ZnO taken and the weights of ZnSO4 and water combined.

(4) For the mechanism of the glow-electrolysis, there is no need to consider the effect of heat caused by impacts between electrons and ions, etc., because the green 2CuO·H2O which is obtainable at ordinary tem？erature is formed in a very dilute solution and it changes to black 6CuO·H2O by heating over 77°C.
Studies on the Reactions between Oxides in Solid State at Higher Temperatures III. The Reaction between Magnesium Oxide and Stannic Oxide
Authors: Tanaka Yasuo
Published: July 2006

(1) It has been found that 2MgO·SnO2 is the only stable addition compound which is formed by the solid reaction between MgO and SnO2, and that the compound is soluble in 4n HCl.

(2) While the reaction in dry oxygen begins at about 950°, it takes place more readily in open air, probably, due to the effect of the traces of reducing gases contained in air.

(3) The reaction product seems to exist at first in an amorphous state, and, when the amount of which reaches to a certain value, 2MgO·SnO2 becomes to crystallize out smoothly; the later reaction proceeds by the diffusion of the components through this crystalline layer.

(4) It has been considered that the main part of the reaction is controlled by the diffusion process, and the energy of activation of which has been estimated as about 100 Kilocalories per mole.

(5) An induction period has been observed at the beginning of the reaction, and the energy of activation is very great when compared with those of the reactions hitherto studied.
Synthesis of Tertiary Butyl Alcohol by the Hydration of Isobutylene. III. Separation of Tertiary Butyl Alcohol by the Extraction with Solvents
Authors: Katuno Masaharu
Published: July 2006

1. As another method of the separation of tert-butanol from the absorption product of isobutylene with sulphuric acid, without neutralisation of the acid with alkali, the extraction of tert-butanol with solvents has been investigated. It is necessary to dilute the acid after absorption of isobutylene before extraction. Ethyl ether has been found to be the most suitable solvent for the extraction.

2. tert-Butanol can be extracted almost completely from the acid phase, different from the case of secondary olefines.

3. The absorption of isobutylene with dilute sulphuric acid, in order to extract tert-butsaaol without dilution, has been found very slow even when the acid phase is saturated with Ag2SO4.
On the Dispersion of the Hydroxides of Manganese, Iron, Cobalt and of Copper by Autoclaving in the Presence of Aluminium Hydroxide
Authors: Katsurai Tominosuke
Published: July 2006

The hydroxides of manganese, iron cobalt, nickel, copper and lead show, by autoclaving, more or less dehydrating tendency and undergo contraction of sedimentation volume.

The hydroxides of manganese, iron, cobalt and copper are dispersed by autoclaving in the presence of Al-hydroxide. The sols of the hydroxides of Al∼Co and of Al∼Cu show “schlieren effect”.
Studies on Synthetic Polyamides (III) Syntheses of Some Polyamides
Authors: Hosino Kôhei
Published: July 2006

The syntheses and properties of polyeyclohexylene-1,4-adipamide and polycyclohexylene-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-adipamide and copolymer of hexamethy-lene diamine-adipic acid-ε-caprolactam are descri.
The Quantum-Mechanical Contributions of the Terms Arising from Higher Order Approximations on Gaseous Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Hirota Kozo , Takahashi Akira , Yoshitomi Tatsuya
Published: July 2006

The quantum-mechanical contribution of the terms arising from higher order approximation on viscosity and thermal conductivity has been calculated by use of the rigorous formula of Chapman and Enskog. The contributions are found in both properties to be so slight that it may be negligible with respect to both models adopted (rigid elastic sphere and Slator’s potential).
A Modified Derivation of BET Isotherm in Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Miyahara Yutaka
Published: July 2006

(1) The BET adsorption isotherm was derived by statistical mechanics, using the saddle point method.

(2) The constants in BET isotherm can be represented by the internal partiton functions of the adsorbed phase.
The Quantum-Mechanical Treatment of Voscosity Coefficient of Helium by Use of a Rigid Sphere Model with Attractive Force
Authors: Hirota Kozo
Published: July 2006

By use of a rigid sphere molecule model with attractive force of inverse cube law the viscosity coefficient of helium was calculated quantummechanically. It was found that the gap hitherto known between theory and experiment has become smaller at low temperatures than in case of no attractive force.
Studies on Foams. II.
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki
Published: July 2006

The foam formations were tested on the ternary system, methyl alcohol-ethyl alcohol-water, and five binary mixtures. It was found that the volume contraction is closely connected with the foaming properties. This was interpreted in relation to the micelle formation of mixtures.
On the Equilibrium of the Radioactive Elements in the Hydrosphere. IV. On the Ratio of Thorium X to Radium in the Hydrosphere
Authors: Kuroda Kazuo , Yokoyama Yuji
Published: July 2006

The thorium X and radium contents of mineral springs of Ikeda and the hot springs of Misasa were estimated. The ratio of thorium X to radium in these springs was considerably larger than that obtained by Kurbatov in Gelesnovdsk. The relation between the ratio of thorium X and radium, and water temperature, radium content, radon content, etc., was quite similar to that found in Masutomi.
The Addition of Hydrogen Bromide to Cinnamic Acid and the Oxygen Effect
Authors: Simamura Osamu , Takahasi Makoto
Published: July 2006

The action of the mixture of hydrogen bromide and oxygen on cinnamic acid in carbon tetrachloride produces ω-bromoacetophenone together with α,β-dibromohydrocinnamic acid. It is concluded that the free radical C6H5\.{C}HCHBrCOOH is formed in the intermediate stage in accord with the expectation from theoretical considerations concerning the stability of radicals. The radical, owing to its stability, does not react with hydrogen bromide to give α-bromohydrocinnamic acid, but reacts, on one hand, with oxygen ultimately to give ω-bromoacetophenone after disrupture of carbon dioxide and, on the other hand, with bromine or hydrogen bromide, as detailed in the text, to give α, β-dibromohydrocinnamic acid.
On the Configuration of Chain Molecules. II
Authors: Suzuki Keizo
Published: July 2006

In order to express the apparent size of a flexible long chain molecule the radius of gyration σ around the centre of mass is an appropriate quantity, and its mean square 〈σ2〉 has been considered to be proportional to the number of elements of the chain n.

We estimate the effect of the intramolecular interaction and find new equations

&〈σ^2〉=const·n+const·n^1.5

&〈σ^2〉=const·n^1.5+const·n^2

Specific viscosity ηsp divided per weight concentration c must be

&η_sp/c=const·n+const·n^1.5

\intertextor

&η_sp/c=const·n^0.5+const·n

In these equations the second term can never be neglected for large n. It amounts to one half of the first term even in the case of normal paraffine with only 100 carbon atoms.

For large n the accurate formula

η_sp/c=const.n^0.5+const.n^0.8

is obtained in the case of repulsive interaction, but in respect to the molecule of large molecular weight with attractive interaction the selfcoagulation into the very small size is concluded.
On the Anomalous Thermal Diffusion Observed in Mixed Electrolyte Solution
Authors: Hirota Kozo
Published: July 2006

The application of the theoretical formula of, Guthrie and others on the “negative effect” of thermal diffusion which was found by the writer is extended to the new data. The agreement of the theory with experiment is good in the systems of HCl-NaCl, HCl-NH4Cl and NaCl-NH4Cl, even when both components are of unequal concentration. However, in the system of NaCl-NaOH, the theory is perfectly failed, the reason being unknown.
Fundamental Studies on the Current-Voltage. Curve in Polarography. III. The Equation for the Current-Voltage Curve of the Complex Ion—Especially for the Irreversible Wave
Authors: Tamamushi Reita , Tanaka Nobuyuki
Published: July 2006

The fundamental equations for the current-voltage curve of the complex ion, especially for the irreversible type, have been derived under the assumption that the over-all oxidation-reduction proccess at the electrode surface follows the mechanism represented by (1)∼(4). Moreover, the two cases, of which one is based on the assumption that the decomposition-rate is much larger than the rate of the diffusion, and the other corresponds to the case when the relation between the two rates is reverse, have been discussed and it has been pointed that the limiting current of the former is the same as the diffusion current, bat the limiting current of the latter corresponds to the kinetic current. It has been concluded that, if the electrode process is activation-controlled, the wave which has many properties of the irreversible one appears. The meaning of the half-wave potential of such a wave has been analyzed, and from the results it has been found that the value of the half-wave potential would be the parameter for the degree of difficulty of the oxidation-reduction process of the complex ion, even if the corresponding wave is irreversible. It should be noted here, that all the discussion cited above rests on the fact that the complex-forming substance exists in a sufficient quantity.

It is likely that the treatment for the oxidation-reduction reaction of the complex ion is essentially the same as for the discussion about the organic compounds.
Studies on the Gas Liquid Interface by Surface Potential Measurements. II. On the Solutions of Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Isemura Toshizo , Hotta Hirosi
Published: July 2006

Surface potentials of solutions of some dicar-boxylic acids were measured by vibrating plate method. Dicarboxylic acids of short chain such as oxalic, maleic, fumaric and succinic acids gave always negative potential. However, dicarboxylic acids of moderate chain length gave positive potential at high concentration. While, with these acids, the potential changed to more negative at high dilution as in the cases of monocarboxylic acids. The values of potential were shifted to more positive values when the solutions were acidulated by hydrochloric acid. Such reversal of sign of surface potential might be attributed mainly to the dissociation of the acid and not to the molecular orientation. Molecule of sebacic acid adsorbed on the surface of nearly saturated solution bends probably its hydrocarbon chain at the middle of the molecule and it behaves as two adsorbed molecules of monocarboxylic acid in regard to molecular area and surface moment.
On the Irreversible Reduction Wave of Titanic Ion at the Dropping Mercury Electrode
Authors: Tamamushi Reita
Published: July 2006

The reduction wave of titanic ion in sulfuric acid medium was investigated in order to give some experimental supports to the theoretical results on the irreversible wave which were derived from the standpoint of chemical kinetics. The Kalousek’s method was used to test the reversibility of the reduction process of titanic ion at the dropping mercury electrode, and it was found that this process proceeds irreversibly. From the constancy of the halfwave potential, which is independent of the concentration of titanic ion, and from the linear relation between log I⁄(Id−I) and V, which were proved by the experiments, it can be said that the theoretical equation (2) explains the feature of the irreversible reduction wave such as that of titanic ion. Furthermore, the effect of the foreign electrolytes on the half-wave potential was measured, on which some discussions were carried out.
Studies on the Ammoniacal Copper Solutions I The Reaction Order of the Reduction by Carbon Monoxide and a Correction for the Escaping Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Hirata Minoru
Published: July 2006

1. It is experimentally verified that the reduction of cupric copper by the carbon monoxide absorbed in the copper solution is a reaction of the second order.

2. In the calculation of the velocity constant for the reduction, it is found that the correction made for the carbon monoxide escaping unreacted, under the assumption that the escaping velocity of the carbon monoxide is proportional to its concentration in the solution at that time, is appropriate.
The Crystal Structure of Adipic Acid
Authors: Hirokawa Sakutaro
Published: July 2006

Oscillation and Weissenberg photographs using CuKα(λ=1.539 Å.) radiation show that the crystals of adipic acid are built upon a monoclinic unit cell having α=10.14 kX, b=5.16 kX, c=10.03 kX, and β=137°.

The space group is C52⁄4—P21/α. This unit cell contains two molecules of HOOC–(CH2)4–COOH, the centres of the mass of the molecules being at 0, 0, 0 and 1/2, 1/2, 0 respectively. Positions of atoms in the unit cell are given by the following parameters; the carboxyl carbon (C1), x=0.121, y=−0.090, z=0.329; α-methylenic carbon (C2), x=0.056, y=−0.160, z=0.210; β-methylenic carbon (C3), x=−0.021, y=0.038, z=0.054; oxygen I (O1), x=−0.078, y=0.110, z=0.290; oxygen II (O2), x=0.106, y=−0.240, z=0.479. The molecule is approximately planar and the plane of carboxyl radical is slightly twisted about the molecular axis.

The plane of zigzag carbon chain makes an angle about 40° to (010) and the molecules are linked with strong hydrogen bond along c-axis, and may be said to form a kind of chain lattice.
New Colorimetric Determination of Copper in Biological Matters
Authors: Murakami Yukio
Published: July 2006

The new method for the determination of a minute amounts of copper in biological matters by extraction with dithizone and coloration with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate has been tested. By the adaption of this method, copper can be determined in two hours or less after bringing the sample into solution. The experiments already related has proved that it is one of the most accurate methods in comparison with other methods which have been used. As recent studies are throwing light upon the biological action of copper, a more accurate method for copper determination is sought by chemists and biologist interested in this problem. This new method will fulfil its mission in being of invaluable importance in this respect.
Researches on Dichroism of Planar Complexes. III. The Color and the Structure of the Crystals of Tetracyanoplatinates (II)
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro
Published: July 2006

The dichroism of crystals of BaPt(CN)4·4H2O, CaPt(CN)4·5H2O and MgPt(CN)4·7H2O has been measured in the visible and the near-ultraviolet region, and with the aid of results of this measurement, the state of the complex ions in the crystals has been, discussed in relation to their crystal structures. These crystals show similar dichroism, with the characteristic sharp absorption band for //-absorption. It has been concluded that be-ween adjacent tetragonal complex ions piled upon one another along the c-axis in these crystals there exists a sort of direct interaction, which is supposed to be related to the unusual colors of these compounds. It has been found that as the distance between platinums decreases in the order of Ca, Ba and Mg salts, the interaction between platinum ions becomes stronger, and that the characteristic band becomes sharper and is displaced towards longer wave-length. The interaction in these crystals is regarded as more remarkable than that in Magnus’ salt.
Pyrolysis and Combustion of Cellulose in the Presence of Inorganic Salts
Authors: Tamaru Kenzi
Published: July 2006

(1) The effects of the various inorganic salts on the thermal decomposition of cellulose were investigated.

(2) The combustion of cellulose in the presence of various inorganic salts was measured.

(3) It was suggested that the organic vapour produced by the pyrolysis plays an important rôle in the combustion of cellulose and that the major action of the fire-resisting compounds is to prohibit the yield of this vapour.

(4) The effect of the inorganic salts on the combustion of cellulose were classified and were explained from the two major factors: the yield of organic vapour and the lowering action of ignition temperature of the charcoal.
Some Rheological Measurements on Coal Tar Pitches
Authors: Nakagawa Tsurutaro
Published: July 2006

(1) Visco-elastic properties of tar pitches in the softening range were measured by a dynamic method covering 3∼20 minutes of period.

(2) No frequency dependence of viscosity was observed in this range of period.

(3) Elastic effect was slight in this range of period. Its frequency dependence was appreciable.

(4) Tar pitch is a simple Maxwellian body rheologically above the softening point.

(5) Temperature dependence of viscosity was studied along the rate-process theory, and it was supposed that tar pitch has a highly associated or solvated structure, consistent with the present theory of the internal structure of coal.
On the Mechanism of Evaporation in Vacuum. I. Evaporation of Silica Gel
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki
Published: July 2006

The evaporation of silica is facilitated by the use of silica gel, instead of quartz. The silica film thus obtained is available as replica for the electron microscopy. The difference of the easiness of evaporation between quartz and silica gel is atributed to molecular constitutions. Under the assumption, that quartz consists of three dimensional net work of covalent linkage, while silica gel is constructed by linear chain having some oxygen bridges between, chains, vapor pressure is calculated, and the ease of evaporation is accounted for by the comparison to some usual metals.
Studies on the Magnetic Dichroism of Dye-Gelatin Films. III. Magnetic Dichroism of Dye-Gelatin Films Excited by Light
Authors: Yamamoto Daijiro
Published: July 2006

There were found considerable changes in magnetic dichroism of some dyes-gelatin films by excitation of light. In malachite green and rhodamine B-gelatin films this effect was very evident, and cyanine dyes-and azo-dyesgelatin films also showed the same effect. This effect may have something to do with the phosphorescent state of dye molecules, having conjugated double bonds, but nothing to do with bleaching by light. Azo-dyes-gelatin films are non-phosphors, but G. N. Lewis and M. Kasha thought that these materials would have a phosphorescent band in near infra red regions. It is difficult to decide between phosphor and non-phosphor by limited observation in the visible region. This will be discussed in another paper if those experimental results are due to photomagnetism or to other causes.
The Electrical Conductivity of the Condensed Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Inokuchi Hiroo
Published: July 2006

The electrical conductivity of the condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds; (1) isoviolanthrone, (2) isoviolanthrene, (3) violanthrone, (4) violanthrene, (5) ovalene, (6) pyranthrone, (7) pyranthrene, (8) meso-naphthodianthrone, (9) meso-naphthodianthrene, (10) anthanthrone and (11) anthanthrene,— has the character of a semi-conductor. The resistivity of these compounds can be expressed as ρ=ρ0 exp (Δε/2kT). The value of Δε and ρ at 15° were found as, (1) 0.75e.V., 5.7×109Ωcm., (2) 0.82 e. V., 8.4×1013Ωcm., (3) 0.78 e. V., 2.3×1010Ωcm., (4) 0.85 e.V., 2.1×1014Ωcm., (5) 1.13 e.V., 2.3×1015Ωcm., (6) 1.06 e.V., 3.9×1015Ωcm., (7) 1.07 e.V., 4.5×1016Ωcm., (8) 1.30 e.V., 1.5×1018Ωcm., (9) 1.2 e.V., 4.0×1018Ωcm., (10) 1.70 e.V., 7.7×1018Ωcm., (11) 1.67 e.V., 1.5×1019Ωcm.. The good reproducibility and non-hysteresis of the electrical conductivity for temperature suggests electronic conduction. As these organic compounds have a perfect molecular lattice, the possibility of impurity-level cannot be considered. For this reason the mechanism of the conduction is assumed to be that of the intrinsic semi-conductor
The Etched and Corroded Surfaces of Iron Single Crystal as Revealed by Means of Electron Microscopy and Diffraction
Authors: Yamaguchi Shigeto
Published: July 2006

1. It has been demonstrated in the present study that the single crystal of pure iron can be oriented by means of electron microscopy and diffraction in order to cut the single crystal along the desired planes. The single crystal of iron was oriented hitherto only by x-ray and optically.

2. The (110) faces of the cubic body-centred ferritic alloys was most inert among their surface lattices. Chromiun in 13 Cr stainless steel should be added to iron in order to give rise to the inert (110) planes on the substrate surface.

3. The etched surface of iron single crystal was composed of the (111) and its equivalent planes. The (102) planes of Fe3O4 crystals formed on this surface were parallel to the (111) planes of substrate. And the (010) direction of the former was parallel to the (110) direction of the latter. This fact signified that the (102) planes composed of Fe++ might be soldered to the (111) planes of iron by exchanging of residual valency electrons. As a matter of fact, the Fe3O4 film formed on iron under the given conditions serves as protective coating for substrate.

4. The corrosion of metals depends either on the activities of surface lattice planes of metals or on the properties of the corrosion products formed on surfaces.
On the Mechanism of Evaporation in Vacuum. II. Vapor Pressure and Evaporation Velocity
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki
Published: July 2006

Phase diagrams are drawn for many metals under some approximations, and “vacuum evaporation temperature” is estimated as the temperature corresponding to 10−1 mm. Hg of vapor pressure. This temperature agrees well with that given by Yarwood. The rate of evaporation is calculated, and the result agrees well with experience, at least, for silica gel. As for shadow casting, it is concluded that high temperature of specimen and low pressure of air in the vessel are the necessary conditions to obtain clear shadow. The temperature of evaporating silica gel is measured with optical pyrometer, and a satisfactory result is obtained.
Studies on Monomolecular Films. VII. The Effect of Metallic Ions on the Monomolecular Film of Stearic Acid
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka , Matuura Ryôhei
Published: July 2006

The effect of various metallic ions on the pressure∼area curve of the monomolecular film of stearic acid spread on the surface of the solution was studied. It was found that they were classified into two groups; one involves those which make the film condense such as calcium, barium and magnesium and the other those which make it expand such as thorium, aluminum, iron, copper, zinc, mercury, cobalt and nickel. This classification was explained from the standpoint of molecular structure of the resulting metallic soaps. It was suggested that while the soap of the former metals has a simile structure the soap of the latter metals has a complicated polymeric structure. These structures were explained by the characteristic nature of metallic ions of two groups.
Determination of Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor by Free Wave Method. I. Theoretical Part
Authors: Yasumi Masasi
Published: July 2006

The reflection and transmission coefficient of electromagnetic waves by multiple layer has been obtained theoretically.

A convenient method has been deviced to determine dielectric constant and loss factor of a material in a form of a sheet placed on a metal, from the reflection eoefficeint.

A convenient method has also, been developed to determine the dielectric constant and loss factor from experimental curve of transmission coefficient versus thickness of dielectric sheet concerned.
Determination of Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor by Free Wave Method. II. Measurement on Water and Some Insulators at λ = 9.8 cm.
Authors: Yasumi Masasi , Nukazawa Kenji , Mizushima San-ichiro
Published: July 2006

The reflection coefficient of water layer placed on mercury has been measured at a wave length 9.8 cm. and at 5.5°C. From the curve of reflection coefficient vs. thickness of the water layer, dielectric constant and loss factor (or refractive index and absorption coefficient) have been calculated according to the procedure described previously.

Water has shown anomalous dispersion and absorption at this wave length.

The dielectric constant and loss factor have been measured for ebonite, bakelite and methacryl resin at the same wave length, by the transmission method.
Synthesis of Some Organic Compounds by Electric Discharge. I-V
Authors: Sugino Kiichiro , Inoue Eiichi
Published: July 2006

By running a gas mixture of aromatic and hydroaromatic hydrocarbons and air an ozonizer, following reactions were found to occur mainly.

(a) C6H6 C6H6+O→C6H5OH

(b) C6H5CH3

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)

(c) C6H12

(Remark: Graphics omitted.)

(2) Conversion efficiency at one run under suitable conditions was found to be (a) 0.86-3.8 % (effective length of ozonizer, 22 cm.), (b) 3.5-8.6 % (effective length of ozonizer, 25-75 cm.), and (c) 18-43% (effective length of ozonizer, 75 cm.), respectively. The yield of each compound produced (grams of each compound produced/grams of total reaction product×100) was as follows: (a), phenol 25-30 %; (b), benzylalcohol 26-30%, benzaldehyde 13-20%, benzoic acid 2-4%, o-cresol 25-28%; and (c), cyclohexanol 44-63%, cyclohexanone 18-25%.

(3) In the case of the oxidation of benzene, the yield of phenol could be increased to above 60% of the total reaction product by the special method.

(4) Aniline and other basic compounds were obtained by the reaction of benzene and ammonia in an ozonizer.