bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Group Identity and Readiness to Change Unemployment Status
Authors: Curtis Elli , Gibbon Peter , Katsikitis Mary
Published: June 2016

The authors assessed the degree to which unemployed individuals identified with an unemployed “in‐group” and the subsequent impact on readiness to change their unemployed status. Participants from 2 Australian employment agencies completed the Group Identification Scale and the Lam Assessment on Stages of Employment Readiness measure. Findings suggest that the extent of family unemployment affects unemployed in‐group identification and predicts readiness to change unemployed status. Duration of unemployment was negatively correlated with readiness to change. Results suggest that unemployed individuals form an in‐group. Interventions to assist unemployed individuals to return to the workforce should take this into account for effectiveness to be maximized.
Human annulus progenitor cells: Analyses of this viable endogenous cell population
Authors: Gruber Helen E. , Riley Frank E. , Hoelscher Gretchen L. , Ingram Jane A. , Bullock Letitia , Hanley Edward N.
Published: June 2016

Back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration have growing socioeconomic/health care impacts. Increasing research efforts address use of stem and progenitor cell‐based replacement therapies to repopulate and regenerate the disc. Data presented here on the innate human annulus progenitor cells: (i) assessed osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic potentials of cultured human annulus cells; and (ii) defined progenitor‐cell related gene expression patterns. Verification of the presence of progenitor cells within primary human disc tissue also used immunohistochemical identification of cell surface markers and microarray analyses. Differentiation analysis in cell cultures demonstrated a viable progenitor cell pool within Thompson grades III–IV discs. Osteogenesis was present in 8 out of 11 cultures (73%), chondrogenesis in 8 of 11 (73%), and adipogenesis in 6 of 6 (100%). Immunolocalization was positive for CD29, CD44, CD105, and CD14 (mean values 80.2%, 81.5%, 85.1%, and 88.6%, respectively); localization of CD45 and CD34 was negative in disc tissue. Compared to controls, surgical discs showed significantly downregulated genes with recognized progenitor cell functions: TCF7L2 (2.7 fold), BMI1 (3.8 fold), FGF receptor 2 (2 fold), PAFAH1B1 (2.3 fold), and GSTP1 (9 fold). Compared to healthier grade I/II discs, grade III/IV discs showed significantly upregulated XRCC5 (3.6 fold), TCF7L2 (6 fold), GSTP1 (3.7 fold), and BMI1 (3 fold). Additional significant cell marker analyses showed expression of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha, CD90, CD73, and STRO‐1. Statement of Clinical Significance: Findings provide the first identification of progenitor cells in annulus specimens from older, more degenerate discs (in contrast to earlier studies of healthier discs or nondegenerative specimens from teenagers). Findings also increase knowledge on progenitor cells present in the disc and suggest their value in potential future utilization for regeneration and disc cell therapy. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1351–1360, 2016.
Virgin olive oil quality of hedgerow ‘Arbequina’ olive trees under deficit irrigation
Authors: García José M , Morales‐Sillero Ana , Pérez‐Rubio Ana G , Diaz‐Espejo Antonio , Montero Antonio , Fernández José E
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is used in hedgerow olive orchards to achieve a sustainable balance between water savings, tree vigor and oil production. Its effects on the presence of compounds responsible for the taste of the oil and its nutritional value are controversial. The present 3‐year study was conducted in an ‘Arbequina’ orchard (1667 trees ha−1) under a full irrigation (FI) treatment (470.1 mm year−1 of water) and two RDI treatments scaled to replace 60% and 30%, respectively, of FI. The quality parameters, antioxidant contents and volatiles of the extracted virgin olive oil (VOO) were analyzed.

RESULTS

In general, oils from the 30% RDI treatment had higher contents of pigments and phenolic compounds, a higher oleic/linoleic ratio and the highest oxidative stability, despite their lower tocopherol content. FI oils showed higher (E)‐2‐hexenal, 1‐penten‐3‐one, ocimene, E‐2‐pentenal and pentene dimer contents than 30RDI oils, but lower contents of (E)‐2‐pentenol and volatile esters.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present study suggest that a RDI strategy supplying 30% of the total irrigation needs induces an increase in natural antioxidants in VOO. Neither yield, nor the rest of the quality parameters were affected by the reduced irrigation. However, abundant autumn precipitation can over‐ride these effects of 30% RDI treatment on oil quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Toward a Smart 3D Inspection Platform
Authors: Arden Terry
Published: June 2016

As manual inspection methods are increasingly replaced by automated technologies, the reality of Industry 4.0 and the smart factory is beginning to materialize. This brave new world is one of cloud‐based software, deep learning and optimization, and smart, networked instrumentation replacing the rudimentary systems born of the industrial revolution.
The Future of Glass Optics Replication
Authors: Kreilkamp Holger , Staasmeyer Jan‐Helge , Niendorf Laura
Published: June 2016

While “Industrie 4.0” had been a new and unknown term at the Hannover Fair in 2011, it has now, five years later, become one of the most widely used expressions in the context of production discussions in most industry branches. “What does Industrie 4.0 mean?” This question was asked quite frequently and, as a matter of fact, it could only be answered ambiguously in the past five years. But since every company has a different understanding of this buzz‐word, a general definition cannot be given at all.
Stop Guessing, Start Seeing
Authors: Sarfels Joachim , Liebelt Frank
Published: June 2016

In industrial applications, thermal imaging cameras are used for non‐contact temperature measurements. Another common tool for non‐contact temperature measurements widely used in industrial applications is the spot pyrometer. Both work according to the same principle; they detect infrared radiation and translate it into a temperature reading. While a spot pyrometer can only give you a number, which might be inaccurate, a thermal imaging camera allows you to ‘see’ the heat, giving you not only temperature measurements, but also an instant image of heat distribution. This combination of visual information and accurate temperature measurements enables you to find faults quickly and accurately.
Precise and Rugged Measurement System for Red‐Hot Metals
Authors: Passarge Pierre , Reiff Ellen‐Christine
Published: June 2016

When casting steel, copper alloys or aluminium in the continuous casting process, the losses of material must be kept as small as possible in order to guarantee economic production. Therefore, measurement systems which control the cutting length are mandatory. Often, however, the inaccuracy inherent in the working principle — caused, for example, by slippage, wear or dirt — is the reason that producers have to add a significant surplus quantity to the minimum length which is guaranteed to the customer; this, however, means that with each cut the producer “gives away” a certain quantity of material. Thanks to high‐precision, non‐contact measurement systems, which withstand also the rough operating conditions directly above the red‐hot strand, this savings potential be can used and the economic efficiency of the continuous casting method can be considerably increased.
Automatic Testing of Photonics Components
Authors: Arnold Steffen
Published: June 2016

Silicon photonics sets the pace on the fiber optic data highway. Cloud computing, server farms, big data, fast Internet access, as well as a large number of other computer‐supported services that demand high transmission speeds, benefit from data rates in the Tbit/s range. However, a number of challenges must be overcome for production and testing of the latest generation of silicon photonics wafers.

Automated solutions must function reliably under industrial conditions and work around‐the‐clock with great accuracy. At the same time, individual solutions are required because the wafer can make very different demands on the testing and production equipment.
Pragmatist Epistemology and Jane Addams: Fundamental Concepts for the Social Paradigm of Occupational Therapy
Authors: Morrison Rodolfo
Published: June 2016

The objective of this manuscript is to contribute to the education of future occupational therapists within the current paradigm of the profession. To this purpose, some of the conceptual foundations of pragmatist epistemology and philosophical contributions of the philosopher Jane Addams are presented.

Some pragmatist fundamentals such as the holistic vision of the human being, the paradox of separating “knowing from doing”, and giving the usefulness of the activity and knowledge primacy in the process of human development, inspired the profession of Occupational Therapy in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century. Today, almost 100 years after the founding of the National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy, pragmatism is still relevant to the profession. Specifically, its pertinence is related to the current scenario of the profession, and its powerful development in working scopes related to socio‐community fields. This helps identify how we are on the verge of another paradigm, known as Social Paradigm of the Occupation. This new social understanding of the discipline allows us to understand the relevance of professional work in community or social contexts. Future research could address how the pragmatism contributes to the understanding of occupation as a social phenomenon within this new paradigm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Processing–properties–applications relationship of nanocomposites based on thermoplastic corn starch and talc
Authors: López Olivia V. , Castillo Luciana A. , Barbosa Silvia E. , Villar Marcelo A. , Alejandra García M.
Published: June 2016

Films based on thermoplastic corn starch (TPS) and talc nanoparticles were developed by melt mixing and thermo‐compression. Films structure, optical and barrier properties, as well as thermal stability and water sorption behavior were studied. TPS structure resulted homogeneous and smooth. Talc laminar morphology and thermo‐compression induced particle preferential orientation within the matrix. Good particle distribution and talc‐TPS adhesion were evidenced. Nanometric thickness of mineral particles allowed obtaining translucent composite films, without significant color variation of TPS films. Talc addition at concentrations higher than 3% w/w led to an improvement on TPS barrier properties against water vapor and oxygen. It was also demonstrated that talc decreased water uptake of TPS films exposed to ambient conditions with relative humidity higher than 40%. In conclusion, films based on TPS and talc nanoparticles could be an alternative to develop biodegradable packages for food products with suitable final properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1331–1338, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation of natural rubber/silica nanocomposites using one‐ and two‐dimensional dispersants by latex blending process
Authors: Luo Yongyue , Qian Jiangzuo , He Dongning , Tao Jinlong , Zhao Pengfei , Gong Wei , Zhang Zuhua , Peng Zheng , Chen Xianfei , Wang Hao , Dan Yi
Published: June 2016

The dispersion behaviors of graphene oxide (GO) and poly(sodium p‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) modified silica doped into the natural rubber (NR) matrix are revealed in this study, respectively. The NR composites are fabricated by latex compounding technology. We find that GO as a two‐dimensional dispersant can link with silica through its oxide groups and form a layer of silica on the surface, which improves the silica distribution homogeneity. In comparison, PSS as a one‐dimensional dispersant twins silica particles and forms a matrix consisting of stick‐like composite with fillers. Both GO and PSS can improve the dispersibility of silica in the NR composites, and the tensile and tear strengths of the NR/GO/SiO2 and NR/PSS/SiO2 are improved compared to those of the NR/SiO2 composites. This strategy of modifying silica with GO and PSS is proven being an effective approach for the development of elastic nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1413–1419, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of Dodecyal Amine Functionalized Graphene on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy‐Based Composites
Authors: Chhetri Suman , Samanta Pranab , Murmu Naresh Chandra , Srivastava Suneel Kumar , Kuila Tapas
Published: June 2016

Simultaneous surface functionalization and reduction of graphene oxide (GO) was achieved by using dodecyl amine (DA) as surface modifying agent. The DA modified reduced GO (DA‐G) was used for subsequent preparation of DA‐G/epoxy composites by solution mixing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and electrical conductivity measurements were conducted to establish the concurrent functionalization and reduction of GO. The effect of DA‐G on the epoxy composites at 0 to 0.75 wt% loadings was studied by investigating its static and dynamical mechanical properties. XRD study was performed to verify the dispersion of DA‐G in the epoxy polymer. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the fracture surface morphology of the composites and Transmission electron microscopy was employed to further confirm the dispersion of DA‐G in the matrix. It was found that the tensile strength of the composite was increased by 38.8% with the addition of 0.5 wt% of DA‐G. The good adhesion/interaction between DA‐G and epoxy resulted in the increase of storage modulus; however, glass transition temperature (Tg) value of the composites shifted to lower temperature in comparison to the neat epoxy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed small decrease in onset degradation temperature for the composites as compared to neat epoxy except for the composites containing 0.75 wt% of DA‐G. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1221–1228, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation of Enhanced Poly(butylene succinate) Foams
Authors: Feng Zhengming , Luo Yu , Hong Yuzhuo , Wu Jiawei , Zhu Jian , Li Haibo , Qi Rongrong , Jiang Pingkai
Published: June 2016

Biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) foams with high performance are usually difficult to be prepared because of its lower melt viscosity. Herein, high‐melt‐viscosity PBS was firstly prepared by combining thein situreaction between carboxyl‐ended polyester (CP) and solid epoxy (SE) both as viscosifier and strengthening agent with the presence of crosslinking agent of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and crosslinking co‐agent of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. Then enhanced PBS foams were successfully prepared by the traditional chemical compression‐molding method. Furthermore, the content effects of CP/SE, blowing agent azodicarbonamide, and DCP on the properties and morphologies of enhanced PBS foams were studied in details. Results revealed that the tensile strength of the as‐prepared PBS foams was as high as 32.3 MPa with the density of 0.58 g/cm3, which was higher than that of pure PBS resin (25.6 MPa). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1275–1282, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Factors Affecting Gloss and Color of Decorative Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Films During Thermomechanical Deformation
Authors: Takács Elizabeth S. , Thompson Michael R. , Vlachopoulos John , Dunn Kevin , Nielsen Kent E. , Brandys Frank A.
Published: June 2016

Decorative polymer films are finding applications in processes that require forming at elevated temperatures and significant strain. In order to satisfy their function in these applications, the appearance of these films must remain unaltered or at least any changes must be predictable. This paper examines four different high gloss decorative films comprised of different materials in the layers of their construction. The films were uniaxially stretched up to failure (which was up to 75% strain) at isothermal conditions of 25, 40, or 75°C and then examined. Gloss (at 20°) was the most strongly altered parameter concerning the appearance of the films after thermomechanical deformation while color intensity was relatively unaffected. The change in gloss was higher for the two amorphous films compared to the two that exhibited crystallinity. The films were analyzed for their surface roughness using a white light interferometer, for their crystallinity by X‐ray diffraction and for their morphology by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface roughness increased with crystallinity for the two films that exhibited crystals but overall showed no correlation to the gloss measurements. Only evidence of altered domain morphology in the films as determined by AFM appeared to correlate with the changes in gloss reported. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1357–1365, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Partner interfering behaviors affecting cancer quality of life
Authors: Coker Ann L. , Follingstad Diane R. , Garcia Lisandra S. , Bush Heather M.
Published: June 2016

Objective

Because partners are an important and unpaid resource in cancer care, understanding how destructive, controlling or interfering partner behaviors influence women's cancer care may be particularly relevant for health care providers seeking to provide cancer care and enhance recovery. Using a new measure of partner interfering behaviors in cancer care (PIB‐C), we investigated whether women with a recent cancer diagnosis who additionally endorsed any PIB‐C would report (a) more symptoms of depression and stress, and (b) lower Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT‐G) and lower Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Spiritual Well‐being (FACIT‐SP) scale scores indicating poorer quality of life (QOL).

Methods

Women aged 18–79 included in cancer registries as having an incident, primary, biopsy‐confirmed cancer in the past 12 months were eligible for this study. Consenting women completed a phone interview 9–12 months following cancer diagnosis between 2009 and 2015. Interviews provided data to measure outcomes (perceived stress and depressive symptoms, FACIT‐SP and FACT‐G scores), partner supportive and interfering behaviors, and other potentially confounding factors.

Results

Of the 2376 women in a relationship at cancer diagnosis, 14.7% endorsed one or more of 14 PIB‐C items. Women endorsing any PIB‐C item reported more symptoms of depression and stress and lower FACT‐G and FACIT‐SP scores than partnered women reporting no PIB‐C even when controlling for partner supportive behaviors and lifetime intimate partner violence. Increasing PIB‐C scores were also correlated, in a dose–response pattern, with these same outcomes.

Conclusions

Partner interfering behaviors during cancer care impact patients' QOL across multiple domains. © 2016 The Authors. Psycho‐Oncology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Monte Carlo Bayesian inference on a statistical model of sub‐gridcolumn moisture variability using high‐resolution cloud observations. Part 1: Method
Authors: Norris Peter M. , da Silva Arlindo M.
Published: June 2016

A method is presented to constrain a statistical model of sub‐gridcolumn moisture variability using high‐resolution satellite cloud data. The method can be used for large‐scale model parameter estimation or cloud data assimilation. The gridcolumn model includes assumed probability density function (PDF) intra‐layer horizontal variability and a copula‐based inter‐layer correlation model. The observables used in the current study are Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud‐top pressure, brightness temperature and cloud optical thickness, but the method should be extensible to direct cloudy radiance assimilation for a small number of channels. The algorithm is a form of Bayesian inference with a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to characterizing the posterior distribution. This approach is especially useful in cases where the background state is clear but cloudy observations exist. In traditional linearized data assimilation methods, a subsaturated background cannot produce clouds via any infinitesimal equilibrium perturbation, but the Monte Carlo approach is not gradient‐based and allows jumps into regions of non‐zero cloud probability. The current study uses a skewed‐triangle distribution for layer moisture. The article also includes a discussion of the Metropolis and multiple‐try Metropolis versions of MCMC.
Meta‐models in Computer Experiments: Kriging versus Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Vicario Grazia , Craparotta Giuseppe , Pistone Giovanni
Published: June 2016

Non‐stochastic simulation models, such as finite element or computational fluid dynamics, often support real experiments in industrial research. It has become a common practice to provide a meta‐model as computer experiments can be highly complex and time‐consuming, and the design space is often broad. The meta‐model is an approximation of the computer experiments response adapted both globally and locally on the design space, in order to capture local minima/maxima. The Kriging model, first proposed in Geostatistics, is doubtlessly the most popular meta‐model because of its recognized ability to provide high‐quality predictions. The underlying correlation structure can be evaluated either by estimating the parameters of correlation or by means of a variogram. In this paper, the performance of the Kriging model is compared with an Artificial Neural Network meta‐model in order to determine which model guarantees higher accuracy in predicting the result of four‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics experiments for low pressure turbines where energy loss values are provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significant Enhancement of Water Splitting Activity of N‐Carbon Electrocatalyst by Trace Level Co Doping
Authors: Bayatsarmadi Bita , Zheng Yao , Tang Youhong , Jaroniec Mietek , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: June 2016

Replacement of precious metal electrocatalysts with highly active and cost efficient alternatives for complete water splitting at low voltage has attracted a growing attention in recent years. Here, this study reports a carbon‐based composite co‐doped with nitrogen and trace amount of metallic cobalt (1 at%) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting at low overpotential and high current density. An excellent electrochemical activity of the newly developed electrocatalyst originates from its graphitic nanostructure and highly active Co‐Nx sites. In the case of carefully optimized sample of this electrocatalyst, 10 mA cm−2 current density can be achieved for two half reactions in alkaline solutions—hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction—at low overpotentials of 220 and 350 mV, respectively, which are smaller than those previously reported for nonprecious metal and metal‐free counterparts. Based on the spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations, the newly identified Co‐Nx sites in the carbon framework are responsible for high electrocatalytic activity of the Co,N‐doped carbon. This study indicates that a trace level of the introduced Co into N‐doped carbon can significantly enhance its electrocatalytic activity toward water splitting.
Developing the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning at the McMaster Institute for Innovation and Excellence in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Marquis Elizabeth , Ahmad Arshad
Published: June 2016

This chapter describes three research‐informed SoTL initiatives undertaken at the McMaster Institute for Innovation and Excellence in Teaching and Learning and presents preliminary evidence of their impact on teaching, learning, and SoTL.
Detektion der Spiralbahnen in einem Klein‐Zyklotron
Authors: Görtler David , Wolf Christian , Prechtl Martin , Bauer René
Published: June 2016

Das Klein‐Zyklotron COLUMBUS, das in Kooperation des Coburger Gymnasiums Ernestinum mit der Hochschule Coburg entwickelt wurde, ist ein Teilchenbeschleuniger für Schul‐ und Lehrzwecke.

Infolge eines Magnetfeldes bewegen sich Ionen auf Spiralbahnen, wobei diese in konstanten Zeitabständen durch ein hochfrequentes E‐Feld beschleunigt werden und so an kinetischer Energie gewinnen. Ein Lineartranslator verfährt einen Ionen‐Detektor quer durch diese Bahnen; dabei wird stets der aktuellen Position die entsprechende Ionenstromstärke zugeordnet.

Das Ergebnis ist ein spezifisches Spektrum; aus der Lage der jeweiligen Peaks lassen sich beispielsweise die Radien der Spiralbahn und daraus die Energie der Ionen berechnen.

Für die Zukunft ist geplant, das Messsystem mit einer benutzerfreundlichen Bedienoberfläche auszustatten, um den pädagogischen Anforderungen des Zyklotrons gerecht zu werden.
Optical spectrometry in the diagnosis of ion‐plasma processes
Authors: Kostrin D. K. , Uhov A. A. , Lisenkov A. A.
Published: June 2016

At the present stage of progress the development of ion‐plasma technological devices requires the use of express analysis of the generated plasma flux composition. Spectrometric equipment which can be embedded into the technological process to determine the composition of the gas mixture and to analyze the emission spectra of low temperature plasma generated by magnetron sputtering systems and vacuum arc sources is presented. The method of spectral interferometry that allows to control thickness and refractive index of the deposited films with depth from fractions to hundreds of micrometers is described.
Vakuumsysteme für die mobile Analytik
Authors: Barfuss Heinz
Published: June 2016

Steigende Umweltbelastungen und verschärfte Umweltauflagen, zunehmende weltweite Verschlechterung der Sicherheitslage durch Sprengstoffanschläge, Drogentransport und ‐missbrauch, genauere Vorhersage von möglichen Naturkatastrophen wie z. B. Vulkanausbrüchen, Bewertung von Umwelteinflüssen durch Fracking und nach Unfällen in chemischen und petrochemischen Anlagen, polizeiliche Nutzung zur Aufklärung von Straftaten, lokale Lecksuche in Vakuumanlagen benötigen mobile und tragbare Analysesysteme für in situ Messungen vor Ort. Der Artikel zeigt die sich daraus ergebenden Anforderungen an Vakuumsysteme, umrahmt von konkreten Anwendungsbeispielen.
Empirical evidence for competition‐driven semelparity in wild medaka
Authors: Edeline Eric , Terao Osamu , Naruse Kiyoshi
Published: June 2016

Metabolic theory predicts that maintenance rate increases faster with animal body size than food intake rate, such that the critical resource densityR* at which ingested energy exactly covers maintenance requirements increases with body size. Small‐sized (lowR*) juveniles may thus exclude their larger‐sized (highR*) parents in resource competition, resulting in apparent semelparous life histories and non‐overlapping generations. However, empirical support for such a competition‐driven semelparity (CDS) remains scarce. Here, we report a high consistency of cohort dynamics with CDS in wild medaka (Oryzias latipes). As predicted by the theory, there was a strong juvenile‐adult diet overlap, and all individuals died after reproduction as semelparous age‐1 adults, synchronous with a rapid somatic growth of age‐0 juveniles into the adult stage and with dropping abundances of zooplankton food resources. In addition to the theory, we found evidence for increased reproductive allocation under food stress, translating into immune depression and elevated parasite prevalence. Therefore, CDS in medaka emerges both from intercohort competitive exclusion and from food‐dependent energy reallocation from maintenance to reproduction, the later presumably representing an adaptive response to the former. The literature data show that the strengths of both intercohort competition and reproductive allocation increase at higher temperatures in many ectotherms, pointing to climate warming as a potentially powerful magnifier of CDS in the wild.
On the kinetic energy profile of Hölder continuous Euler flows
Authors: Isett Philip , Oh Sung-Jin
Published: June 2016

In [8], the first author proposed a strengthening of Onsager's conjecture on the failure of energy conservation for incompressible Euler flows with Hölder regularity not exceeding

1/3

. This stronger form of the conjecture implies that anomalous dissipation will fail for a generic Euler flow with regularity below the Onsager critical space

L_{t}^{\infty }B_{3,\infty }^{1/ 3}

due to low regularity of the energy profile.

The present paper is the second in a series of two papers whose results may be viewed as first steps towards establishing the conjectured failure of energy regularity for generic solutions with Hölder exponent less than

1/5

. The main result of this paper shows that any non-negative function with compact support and Hölder regularity

1/2

can be prescribed as the energy profile of an Euler flow in the class

C_{t,x}^{1/ 5−\epsilon }

. The exponent

1/2

is sharp in view of a regularity result of Isett [8]. The proof employs an improved greedy algorithm scheme that builds upon that in Buckmaster–De Lellis–Székelyhidi [1].
On the Frontline Every Day? Subnational Deployment of United Nations Peacekeepers
Authors: Ruggeri Andrea , Dorussen Han , Gizelis Theodora-Ismene
Published: June 2016

United Nations (UN) peacekeepers tend to be deployed to ‘hard-to-resolve’ civil wars. Much less is known about where peacekeepers are deployedwithina country. However, to assess peacekeepers’ contribution to peace, it matters whether they are deployed to conflict or relatively safe areas. This article examines subnational UN peacekeeping deployment, contrasting an ‘instrumental’ logic of deployment versus a logic of ‘convenience’. These logics are evaluated using geographically and temporally disaggregated data on UN peacekeepers’ deployment in eight African countries between 1989 and 2006. The analysis demonstrates that peacekeepers are deployed on the frontline: they go where conflict occurs, but there is a notable delay in their deployment. Furthermore, peacekeepers tend to be deployed near major urban areas.
Bringing Radio into America's Homes: Marketing New Technology in the Great Depression
Authors: Scott Peter , Walker James T.
Published: June 2016

We examine the early marketing and distribution of entertainment radio sets. Manufacturers used distribution networks to both maximize profits and create barriers to entry. Lacking the market power of auto manufacturers, they developed cooperative strategies with authorized distributors and dealers. Dealers often complained about the costly activities manufacturers required of them. However, these underpinned the dominant quality and branding competition model of the 1920s, while the Depression-era switch to a simpler radio format, sold on price, proved catastrophic for the specialist retailer.
CONTRACTUAL NETWORKS IN EUROPEAN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Grušić Uglješa
Published: June 2016

This article examines private international law issues raised by transnational contractual networks. The focus is on choice-of-law questions that arise in the context of 1) relations between network members who are contractually bound to one another, 2) relations between network members not connected directly by bonds of contract, and 3) relations between the network and the outsiders. The aim is to assess whether, and to what extent, European private international law is capable of dealing with some of the key challenges posed by contemporary economic and social activity.
Development of chylous ascites in an infant with ventricular septal defect: a case report
Authors: Ootaki Yoshio , Verghese George R. , Ungerleider Ross M.
Published: June 2016

This case report describes chylous ascites associated with a CHD in a 4-month-old infant. Although atraumatic chylous ascites are a rare clinical finding, the recognition and treatment of chylous ascites influence the timing of cardiac surgery.
Lower spatial QRS-T angle rules out sustained ventricular arrhythmias in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cortez Daniel , Sharma Nandita , Cavanaugh Jean , Tuozo Froilan , Derk Gwendolyn , Lundberg Emily , Weiner Keith , Kiciman Nafiz , Alejos Juan , Landeck Bruce , Aboulhosn Jamil , Miyamoto Shelley , McCanta Anthony C. , Batra Anjan S.
Published: June 2016

Introduction

The spatial peaks QRS-T angle accurately distinguishes children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from their healthy counterparts. The spatial peaks QRS-T angle is also useful in risk stratification for ventricular arrhythmias. We hypothesised that the spatial peaks QRS-T angle would be useful for the prediction of ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients under 23 years of age.

Methods

Corrected QT interval and spatial peaks QRS-T angles were retrospectively assessed in 133 paediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients (12.4±6.6 years) with versus without ventricular arrhythmias of 30 seconds or longer. Significance, positive/negative predictive values, and odds ratios were calculated based on receiver operating characteristic curve cut-off values.

Results

In total, 10 patients with ventricular arrhythmias were identified. Although the corrected QT interval did not differentiate those with versus without ventricular arrhythmias, the spatial peaks QRS-T angle did (151.4±19.0 versus 116.8±42.6 degrees, respectively, p<0.001). At an optimal cut-off value (124.1 degrees), the positive and negative predictive values of the spatial peaks QRS-T angle were 15.4 and 100.0%, respectively, with an odds ratio of 25.9 (95% CI 1.5–452.2).

Conclusion

In children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the spatial peaks QRS-T angle is associated with ventricular arrhythmia burden with high negative predictive value and odds ratio.
Where the Right Gets in: On Rawls’s Criticism of Habermas’s Conception of Legitimacy
Authors: Finlayson James Gordon
Published: June 2016

Many commentators have failed to identify the important issues at the heart of the debate between Habermas and Rawls. This is partly because they give undue attention to differences between Rawls’s original position and Habermas’s principle (U), neither of which is germane to the actual dispute. The dispute is at bottom about how best to conceive of democratic legitimacy. Rawls indicates where the dividing issues lie when he objects that Habermas’s account of democratic legitimacy is comprehensive and his is confined to the political. But his argument is vitiated by a threefold ambiguity in what he means by ‘comprehensive doctrine’. Tidying up this ambiguity helps reveal that the dispute turns on the way in which morality relates to political legitimacy. Although Habermas calls his conception of legitimate law ‘morally freestanding’, and as such distinguishes it from Kantian and natural law accounts of legitimacy, it is not as freestanding from morality as he likes to present it. Habermas’s mature theory contains conflicting claims about the relation between morality and democratic legitimacy. So there is at least one important sense in which Rawls’s charge of comprehensiveness is made to stick against Habermas’s conception of democratic legitimacy, and remains unanswered.
Arguing for Transcendental Idealism: Lucy Allais on Manifest Reality
Authors: Guyer Paul
Published: June 2016

I endorse Allais’s ‘moderate metaphysical’ approach to transcendental idealism, but find tension between her concept of ‘manifest reality’ and her relational interpretation of the doctrine. And I think her reconstruction of Kant’s argument for transcendental idealism fails to block the famous ‘missing alternative’ objection, although in my view Kant’s fundamental argument for the position was intended precisely to block such an objection.
Non-Conceptualism and Knowledge in Lucy Allais’s Manifest Reality
Authors: Newton Alexandra
Published: June 2016

Lucy Allais’s Manifest Reality presents a systematic discussion of the role that Kant assigns to concepts in making knowledge of objects possible. In this paper, I ascribe to Allais a version of non-conceptualism, according to which knowledge is a ‘hybrid’ or loose unity of concept and intuition; concept relates to intuition as form relates to matter in an artefact. I will show how this view has trouble accommodating the distinction between knowledge and accidentally true belief, and how it leads to objectionable forms of idealism.
United States – Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products – Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Mexico (US–Tuna II (Mexico) (Article 21.5 – Mexico), DS381)
Authors: Carlson Geoffrey
Published: June 2016

This compliance proceeding under Article 21.5 of the DSU concerned measures taken by the United States to implement the recommendations and rulings of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) in US–Tuna II (Mexico). In US–Tuna II (Mexico), the DSB found that certain US measures concerning the importation, marketing, and sale of tuna products (taken together, the Original Tuna Measure) were inconsistent with the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (the TBT Agreement). The Original Tuna Measure, inter alia, contained conditions under which tuna products could be labelled ‘dolphin safe’. The United States' measure taken to comply with the recommendations and rulings of the DSB consisted of an amendment to the Original Tuna Measure (the 2013 Final Rule). The Appellate Body generally referred to the Original Tuna Measure, together with the 2013 Final Rule, as the Amended Tuna Measure. The Amended Tuna Measure was the focus of this compliance proceeding.
Case summary – İçkale İnşaat Limited Şirketi v. Turkmenistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/10/24
Authors: Chevry Jonathan
Published: June 2016

In İçkale İnşaat Limited Şirketi v. Turkmenistan, the investment arbitral tribunal's majority issued an award in March 2016, under the Turkmenistan–Turkey Bilateral Investment Treaty (the BIT), dismissing all of the claimant's claims in their entirety.
John Jackson and the GATT's Transformation
Authors: CHARNOVITZ STEVE
Published: June 2016

John Jackson's long, fruitful association with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was unique in the annals of international organizations. His 1969 book, World Trade and the Law of GATT, became the Baedeker for government officials, practitioners, and academics seeking an overall understanding of the trading system or an explanation of a particular GATT provision. Yet the uniqueness of Jackson's relationship to the GATT was not just his foundational scholarship; every international organization in the twentieth century spawned a scholarly community. The uniqueness came from his role as a teacher attracting graduate law students from around the world who traveled to Ann Arbor to study with him and then returned to their countries to take on leadership roles in international trade. These decades of students inspired by Jackson and educated by his synoptic understanding of trade law enhanced Jackson's influence on the GATT in a way that has no parallel in other agencies.
For John: In Tribute to a Great Scholar and Friend
Authors: SYKES ALAN
Published: June 2016

I first came to know John Jackson in his role as a consultant to the international trade group at Arnold & Porter. Fresh out of law school and a novice in the field of international trade law, I quickly learned that John was the leading American expert on legal aspects of both GATT and domestic trade law issues. Only later did I come to realize that his stature in this regard was global. John's advice on GATT issues was sought after by academics and policymakers everywhere.
Tribute for John H. Jackson
Authors: DEARDORFF ALAN V.
Published: June 2016

I'm told that John Jackson was the world's foremost scholar on the law of international trade policy and institutions. Since all that I know of trade law I learned from John, I can only trust the opinions of others on that. But I know that John had an excellent understanding of, and appreciation for, the economics of international trade. And he put those together in both his writings and his advice to policymakers, through which he had a profound influence on the development of the institutions of trade policy that we enjoy today.
John Jackson: A Tribute
Authors: BHAGWATI JAGDISH
Published: June 2016

John Jackson was one of the giants in trade law, with Robert Hudec (who died some years ago) as his equal, though their abilities and interests nicely complemented each other. They both were read with profit, along with other luminaries such as Michael Trebilcock of Toronto, by economists such as myself. They also inspired modern trade-law stars such as my colleagues Petros Mavroidis, David Leebron at Rice, and Alan Sykes at Stanford.
Memories of John H. Jackson
Authors: MATSUSHITA MITSUO
Published: June 2016

John H. Jackson was indeed a great scholar in the field of international economic law. My association with John lasted for almost 40 years and he was one of my closest friends. There are many personal memories of him and I will mention only a few of them.
Ping An Life Insurance Company of China, Limited and Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China, Limited v. Kingdom of Belgium (Ping An v. Belgium)
Authors: Andriotis Georgios
Published: June 2016

The award in the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) case Ping An v. Belgium was dispatched to the parties on 30 April 2015. The case is of significance for a variety of reasons. To start with, it is the first time that Chinese investors instituted arbitration proceedings under the ICSID rules. Furthermore, it is the first time that Belgium is cited as the respondent in an international investment case.
John H. Jackson, A Personal Tribute
Authors: JACKSON LEE ANN
Published: June 2016

My father, John Howard Jackson, was a life-long advocate for strengthening a rules-based trading system. While he recognized the importance of developing a predictable, transparent economic system, the larger goal in his view was to contribute to creating conditions for world peace. He argued for a system that would favour co-operation in situations where domestic policy-makers might otherwise make decisions that would have negative spill-over effects on their trading partners. At the same time, he recognized the tension between the need to have rules conducive to stability and predictability and the need to allow official discretion to address targeted problems. The challenge of crafting institutions that could effectively manage this tension captured his attention throughout his career.
Suicide Attempts and Deaths in Sofala, Mozambique, From 2011 to 2014
Authors: Wagenaar Bradley H. , Raunig-Berhó Manuela , Cumbe Vasco , Rao Deepa , Napúa Manuel , Sherr Kenneth
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Background: Mozambique was recently estimated to have the highest suicide rate in Africa. Aims: To fill a knowledge gap on suicide attempts and deaths in Mozambique. Method: We reviewed a census of 898 emergency psychiatric consultations from March 2013 to July 2014 and 1,173 violent death autopsy records from June 2011 to August 2014 at Beira Central Hospital in Sofala, Mozambique. Results: In all, 18.0% of emergency psychiatric consultations were suicide attempts. Females were disproportionately represented (68.3%, p < .001), and the mean age was 26.8 years. Rat poison was used in 66% of attempts, followed by unspecified methods (19.8%), and unspecified poisoning (6.8%). Of the violent death autopsies, 10% were suicides. Suicide deaths were more likely to be male (67.3%, p < .001), and the mean age was 30.8 years. Common methods were hanging (43.2%), unspecified substance (28.0%), or rat poison (26.3%). Common places of death were the hospital or hospital transit (46.4%) and the household (35.7%). Female suicide deaths more often involved toxic substances and males more often employed hanging. Conclusion: Females more often present with suicide attempts, but deaths due to suicide are more frequent among males. Females more often use toxic substances, whereas males more often use lethal methods, such as hanging. Policies to reduce the availability or toxicity of rat poison should be considered.
Could 3-D Printers Create Shelters for Future Lunar Settlers?
Authors: ter Voorde Marlies
Published: June 2016

Test of a novel solar-powered printer yielded a prototype construction brick made from simulated lunar soil.
Diverse genetic architectures lead to the same cryptic phenotype in a yeast cross
Authors: Taylor Matthew B. , Phan Joann , Lee Jonathan T. , McCadden Madelyn , Ehrenreich Ian M.
Published: June 2016

Cryptic genetic variants that do not typically influence traits can interact epistatically with each other and mutations to cause unexpected phenotypes. To improve understanding of the genetic architectures and molecular mechanisms that underlie these interactions, we comprehensively dissected the genetic bases of 17 independent instances of the same cryptic colony phenotype in a yeast cross. In eight cases, the phenotype resulted from a genetic interaction between a de novo mutation and one or more cryptic variants. The number and identities of detected cryptic variants depended on the mutated gene. In the nine remaining cases, the phenotype arose without a de novo mutation due to two different classes of higher-order genetic interactions that only involve cryptic variants. Our results may be relevant to other species and disease, as most of the mutations and cryptic variants identified in our study reside in components of a partially conserved and oncogenic signalling pathway.
Early detection of cryptic memory and glucose uptake deficits in pre-pathological APP mice
Authors: Beglopoulos V. , Tulloch J. , Roe A. D. , Daumas S. , Ferrington L. , Watson R. , Fan Z. , Hyman B. T. , Kelly P. A. T. , Bard F. , Morris R. G. M.
Published: June 2016

Earlier diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease would greatly benefit from the identification of biomarkers at the prodromal stage. Using a prominent animal model of aspects of the disease, we here show using clinically relevant methodologies that very young, pre-pathological PDAPP mice, which overexpress mutant human amyloid precursor protein in the brain, exhibit two cryptic deficits that are normally undetected using standard methods of assessment. Despite learning a spatial memory task normally and displaying normal brain glucose uptake, they display faster forgetting after a long delay following performance to a criterion, together with a strong impairment of brain glucose uptake at the time of attempted memory retrieval. Preliminary observations suggest that these deficits, likely caused by an impairment in systems consolidation, could be rescued by immunotherapy with an anti-β-amyloid antibody. Our data suggest a biomarker strategy for the early detection of β-amyloid-related abnormalities.