bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the Lyapunov Spectrum of Continuous-Time 1D and 2D Multiscroll Chaotic Oscillators via the Solution ofm-PWL Variational Equations
Authors: Munoz-Pacheco Jesus Manuel , Gómez-Pavón Luz del Carmen , Félix-Beltrán Olga Guadalupe , Luis-Ramos Arnulfo
Published: December 2013

An algorithm to compute the Lyapunov exponents of piecewise linear function-based multidirectional multiscroll chaotic oscillators is reported. Based on themregions in the piecewise linear functions, the suggested algorithm determines the individual expansion rate of Lyapunov exponents fromm-piecewise linear variational equations and their associatedm-Jacobian matrices whose entries remain constant during all computation cycles. Additionally, by considering OpAmp-based chaotic oscillators, we study the impact of two analog design procedures on the magnitude of Lyapunov exponents. We focus on analyzing variations of both frequency bandwidth and voltage/current dynamic range of the chaotic signals at electronic system level. As a function of the design parameters, a renormalization factor is proposed to estimate correctly the Lyapunov spectrum. Numerical simulation results in a double-scroll type chaotic oscillator and complex chaotic oscillators generating multidirectional multiscroll chaotic attractors on phase space confirm the usefulness of the reported algorithm.
Effects of Surface Treatments of Montmorillonite Nanoclay on Cure Behavior of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin
Authors: Tcherbi-Narteh Alfred , Hosur Mahesh V. , Triggs Eldon , Jelaani Shaik
Published: December 2013

Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA) based SC-15 epoxy resin was modified with three different commercially available montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay: Nanomer I.28E and Cloisite 10A and 30B. Cure behavior of nanocomposites was studied using a variety of techniques. Primary focus of this study was to investigate influence of different surface modifications of MMT nanoclay on rheological properties and cure behavior of SC-15 epoxy resin. By adding MMT to SC-15 epoxy resin, chemistry of the epoxy is altered leading to changes in rheological properties and ultimately enthalpy and activation energy of reactions. Addition of Nanomer I.28E delayed gelation, while Cloisite 10A and 30B accelerated gelation, regardless of the curing temperature. Activation energy of reaction was lower with the addition of Nanomer I.28E and Cloisite 10A and higher for Cloisite 30B compared to neat SC-15 epoxy composite.
A Constructive Positive Realization with Sparse Matrices for a Continuous-Time Positive Linear System
Authors: Kim Kyungsup
Published: December 2013

This paper discusses a computational method to construct positive realizations with sparse matrices for continuous-time positive linear systems with multiple complex poles. To construct a positive realization of a continuous-time system, we use a Markov sequence similar to the impulse response sequence that is used in the discrete-time case. The existence of the proposed positive realization can be analyzed with the concept of a polyhedral convex cone. We provide a constructive algorithm to compute positive realizations with sparse matrices of some positive systems under certain conditions. A sufficient condition for the existence of a positive realization, under which the proposed constructive algorithm works well, is analyzed.
Different Effects of the Immunomodulatory Drug GMDP Immobilized onto Aminopropyl Modified and Unmodified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles upon Peritoneal Macrophages of Women with Endometriosis
Authors: Antsiferova Yuliya , Sotnikova Nataliya , Parfenyuk Elena
Published: December 2013

The aim of the present work was to compare in vitro the possibility of application of unmodified silica nanoparticles (UMNPs) and modified by aminopropyl groups silica nanoparticles (AMNPs) for topical delivery of immunomodulatory drug GMDP to the peritoneal macrophages of women with endometriosis. The absence of cytotoxic effect and high cellular uptake was demonstrated for both types of silica nanoparticles. The immobilization of GMDP on the UMNPs led to the suppression of the stimulatory effect of GMDP on the membrane expression of scavenger receptors SR-AI and SR-B, mRNAs expression of NOD2 and RAGE, and synthesis of proteolytic enzyme MMP-9 and its inhibitor TIMP-1. GMDP, immobilized onto AMNPs, enhanced the initially reduced membrane expression of SRs and increased NOD2, RAGE, and MMP-9 mRNAs expression by macrophages. Simultaneously high level of mRNAs expression of factors, preventing undesirable hyperactivation of peritoneal macrophages (SOCS1 and TIMP-1), was observed in macrophages incubated in the presence of GMDP, immobilized onto AMNPs. The effect of AMNPs immobilized GMDP in some cases exceeded the effect of free GMDP. Thus, among the studied types of silica nanoparticles, AMNPs are the most suitable nanoparticles for topical delivery of GMDP to the peritoneal macrophages.
Contrast Sensitivity of Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy Patients without Obvious Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Beden Ümit , Kaya Sümeyra , Yeter Volkan , Erkan Dilek
Published: December 2013

Purpose. To compare the contrast sensitivity levels of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients without obvious optic neuropathy with those of healthy people. Methods. Forty eyes of 20 TAO patients without dysthyroid optic neuropathy and 40 eyes of 20 healthy subjects were evaluated in this prospective case‐controlled study. The contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) of all subjects were measured by the functional acuity contrast test (FACT) in five frequencies which were 1,5 cpd (A), 3 cpd (B), 6 cpd (C), 12 cpd (D), and 18 cpd (E). Results were compared for both groups, and a correlation of CSF with Hertel and clinical activity scores was assessed. Results. There was no statistically significant difference between TAO patients and control groups for age and sex. TAO patients had lower levels than the control group in all the frequencies of CSFs (P < 0.05) and the difference in contrast sensitivity functions between the groups seems to be more significant in higher frequencies (B, C, D, and E) (P < 0.001). Conclusions. TAO patients without DON can have contrast sensitivity loss and this would probably imply subtle optic nerve dysfunction in early disease phase.
A Newer Technique of Distal Ulna Reconstruction Using Proximal Fibula and TFCC Reconstruction Using Palmaris Longus Tendon following Wide Resection of Giant Cell Tumour of Distal Ulna
Authors: Mariappan Elango , Mohanen Pragash , Moses Justin
Published: December 2013

Giant cell tumour of the bone (GCT) is a rare locally aggressive primary bone tumour with an incidence of 3% to 5% of all primary bone tumours. The most common location for this tumour is the long bone metaepiphysis especially of the distal femur, proximal tibia, distal radius, and the proximal humerus. Involvement of distal ulna is rare accounting for 0.45% to 3.2%. Considering local aggressive nature and high recurrence, wide resection is the treatment recommended. Instability of ulnar stump and ulnar translation of the carpals are known complications following resection of distal ulna. To overcome these problems, we attempted a newer technique of distal ulna reconstruction using proximal fibula and TFCC reconstruction using palmaris longus tendon following wide resection of giant cell tumour of distal ulna in a 44-year-old male. This technique of distal radioulnar joint reconstruction has excellent functional results with no evidence of recurrence after one-year followup.
Approximating Common Fixed Points for a Finite Family of Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings Using Iteration Process with Errors Terms
Authors: Temir Seyit , Kiliçman Adem
Published: December 2013

LetXbe a real Banach space andKa nonempty closed convex subset ofX. LetTi:K→K (i=1,2,…,m)bemasymptotically nonexpansive mappings with sequence{kn}⊂[1, ∞),∑n=1∞(kn-1)<∞, andℱ=⋂i=1m‍F(Ti)≠∅, whereFis the set of fixed points ofTi. Suppose that{ain}n=1∞,  {bin}n=1∞,  i=1,2,…,mare appropriate sequences in[0,1]and{uin}n=1∞,  i=1,2,…,mare bounded sequences inKsuch that∑n=1∞bin<∞fori=1,2,…,m. We give{xn}defined byx1∈K,xn+1=(1-a1n-b1n)yn+m-2+a1nT1nyn+m-2+b1nu1n,yn+m-2=(1-a2n-b2n)yn+m-3+a2nT2nyn+m-3 +b2nu2n,…,yn+2=(1-a(m-2)n-b(m-2)n)yn+1+a(m-2)nTm-2nyn+1+b(m-2)nu(m-2)n,yn+1=(1-a(m-1)n -b(m-1)n)yn+a(m-1)nTm-1nyn+b(m-1)nu(m-1)n,yn=(1-amn-bmn)xn+amnTmnxn+bmnumn,m≥2,n≥1.The purpose of this paper is to study the above iteration scheme for approximating common fixed points of a finite family of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings and to prove weak and some strong convergence theorems for such mappings in real Banach spaces. The results obtained in this paper extend and improve some results in the existing literature.
Risk of Coronary Artery Injury With Radiofrequency Ablation and Cryoablation of Epicardial Posteroseptal Accessory Pathways Within the Coronary Venous System
Authors: Stavrakis Stavros , Jackman Warren M. , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Sun Yingxian , Xu Qingke , Beckman Karen J. , Lockwood Deborah , Scherlag Benjamin J. , Lazzara Ralph , Po Sunny S.
Published: December 2013

Background—

Ablation of epicardial posteroseptal accessory pathways requires ablation within the coronary venous system. We assessed the risk of coronary artery (CA) injury with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) within the coronary venous system as a function of the distance between the CA and ablation site. We also examined the efficacy and safety of cryoablation close to a CA.

Methods and Results—

Two-hundred forty patients underwent ablation for epicardial posteroseptal accessory pathways. Coronary angiography was performed before ablation in the last 169 patients and was repeated after ablation if performed in the coronary venous system within 5 mm of a significant CA. The distance between the ideal ablation site and closest CA was <2 mm in 100 (59%), 3 to 5 mm in 28 (16%), and >5 mm in 41 of 169 (25%) patients. CA injury was observed in 11 of 22 (50%) and 1 of 15 (7%) patients when RFA was performed within 2 and 3 to 5 mm of a CA, respectively. Cryoablation was performed in 26 patients with a significant CA located within 5 mm. Cryoablation alone eliminated epicardial posteroseptal accessory pathway conduction in 17 of 26 (65%) patients and in 8 patients with additional RFA without CA narrowing in any patient. During a follow-up period of 3 to 6 months, single procedure success rates were 90% and 77% for RFA and cryoablation at the ideal site, respectively.

Conclusions—

The risk of CA injury with RFA is correlated inversely with the distance from the ablation site. Cryoablation is a safe and reasonably effective alternative when a significant CA is located close to the ideal ablation site.
High-Resolution Imaging of Intravascular Atherogenic Inflammation in Live Mice
Authors: Chèvre Raphael , González-Granado Jose María , Megens Remco T.A. , Sreeramkumar Vinatha , Silvestre-Roig Carlos , Molina-Sánchez Pedro , Weber Christian , Soehnlein Oliver , Hidalgo Andrés , Andrés Vicente
Published: December 2013

Rationale:

The inflammatory processes that initiate and propagate atherosclerosis remain poorly understood, largely because defining the intravascular behavior of immune cells has been technically challenging. Respiratory and pulsatile movements have hampered in vivo visualization of leukocyte accumulation in athero-prone arteries at resolutions achieved in other tissues.

Objective:

To establish and to validate a method that allows high-resolution imaging of inflammatory leukocytes and platelets within the carotid artery of atherosusceptible mice in vivo.

Methods and Results:

We have devised a procedure to stabilize the mouse carotid artery mechanically without altering blood dynamics, which dramatically enhances temporal and spatial resolutions using high-speed intravital microscopy in multiple channels of fluorescence. By applying this methodology at different stages of disease progression in atherosusceptible mice, we first validated our approach by assessing the recruitment kinetics of various leukocyte subsets and platelets in athero-prone segments of the carotid artery. The high temporal and spatial resolution allowed the dissection of both the dynamic polarization of and the formation of subcellular domains within adhered leukocytes. We further demonstrate that the secondary capture of activated platelets on the plaque is predominantly mediated by neutrophils. Finally, we couple this procedure with triggered 2-photon microscopy to visualize the 3-dimensional movement of leukocytes in intimate contact with the arterial lumen.

Conclusions:

The improved imaging of diseased arteries at subcellular resolution presented here should help resolve many outstanding questions in atherosclerosis and other arterial disorders.
Notes on shark and ray types at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (SCSFRI) in Guangzhou, China
Authors: WHITE WILLIAM T. , LAST PETER R.
Published: December 2013

Most of the shark and ray type material at the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute (SCSFRI) in Guangzhou, China was examined during a museum visit by the senior author in 2009. The status of the shark and ray species described from the South China Sea in the 1980s and deposited in this collection is discussed. Squalus acutirostris is considered a junior synonym of Squalus mitsukurii from the western North Pacific. Centrophorus ferrugineus is considered a junior synonym of Centrophorus squamosus. Centroscymnus macrops is confirmed as a junior synonym of Centroscymnus coelolepis. Scymnodon niger is confirmed as a junior synonym of Zameus squamulosus. Isistius labialis is considered a synonym of Isistius brasiliensis. Halaelurus immaculatus is confirmed as a valid species of the genus Bythaelurus. Urolophus marmoratus is considered a junior synonym of the widespread Plesiobatis daviesi. Springeria nanhaiensis is a questionable synonym of Sinobatis borneensis, following previous researchers. Springeria stenosoma is considered as questionably valid but with further investigation into generic placement required. The validity of species with SCSFRI type specimens not examined in this study are also briefly discussed.
A DNA sequence-based identification checklist for Taiwanese chondrichthyans
Authors: STRAUBE NICOLAS , WHITE WILLIAM T. , HO HSUAN-CHING , ROCHEL ELISABETH , CORRIGAN SHANNON , LI CHENHONG , NAYLOR GAVIN J.P.
Published: December 2013

In an effort to establish a DNA sequence based checklist of the highly diverse chondrichthyan fauna of Taiwan, we sequenced the mitochondrial NADH2 gene of 257 freshly sampled specimens of Taiwanese chondrichthyans, which were identified to species level by experts in the field. The newly generated sequences were analysed in the context of an already published phylogeny based on NADH2 sequences of chondrichthyans to identify taxonomically interesting lineages as well as enhancing the already published phylogeny with species hitherto not included. Results show a number of noteworthy findings indicating distinct population differences or cryptic diversity and enhance published data with 22 new species not analyzed so far. Our study may be helpful for further taxonomic work on the Taiwanese chrondrichthyan fauna.
Revision of the genus Centrophorus (Squaliformes: Centrophoridae): Part 1—Redescription of Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & Schneider), a senior synonym of C. acus Garman and C. niaukang Teng
Authors: WHITE WILLIAM T. , EBERT DAVID A. , NAYLOR GAVIN J.P. , HO HSUAN-CHING , CLERKIN PAUL , VERÍSSIMO ANA , COTTON CHARLES F.
Published: December 2013

The genus Centrophorus is one of the most taxonomically complex and confusing elasmobranch groups. A revision of this group is currently underway and this first paper sets an important foundation in this process by redescribing the type species of the genus—Centrophorus granulosus. This taxon name has been previously applied to two different morphotypes: a large species >1.5 m TL and a smaller species ~1 m TL. Centrophorus acus and C. niaukang are the most commonly used names applied to the larger morphotype. The original description of C. granulosus was based on a large specimen of ~1.5 m TL, but subsequent redescriptions were based on either of the large or small morphotypes. Centrophorus granulosus is herein redescribed as a large species and a neotype is designated. Centrophorus acus and C. niaukang are found to be junior synonyms of C. granulosus. Centrophorus granulosus is distinguishable from its congeners by its large size, dermal denticle shape, colouration and a number of morphological and biological characteristics. Ontogenetic changes in morphology, dentition and denticle shape for this species are described in detail.
Can centralization, decentralization and welfare go together? The case of Massachusetts Affordable Housing Policy (Ch. 40B)
Authors: Hananel Ravit
Published: December 2013

The Massachusetts Affordable Housing Policy of 1969 (known as the ‘Anti-Snob Zoning Act’, or simply 40B), is one of the most admirable and controversial acts in the history of the state. It was intended to break through the exclusionary ‘snob’ zoning that was customary in United States suburbs at the time, and to open the suburbs to low- and moderate-income residents by encouraging the production of affordable housing statewide. The paper analyses 40B and the modifications it has undergone over the years in light of the relation between centralized state power and decentralized local government power with regard to planning. Understanding of the changes in local–state power relations can provide an explanation for the changes that have occurred over the years in implementing the law. The findings suggest that mutual learning, and understandings developed over the years among all involved, can provide the greatest benefit to low- and moderate-income residents.
Strategic Human Capital
Authors: Wright Patrick M. , Coff Russell , Moliterno Thomas P.
Published: December 2013

Strategic human capital has emerged as an area of interest in both the strategy and human resources management literatures, yet these literatures have developed without adequate interdisciplinary conversation. The special issue on strategic human capital sought to bridge this divide through creating a platform for researchers from both fields to engage in dialogue. In addition to commenting on both the journey and destination of the special issue, we explore the manifestations of this divide and identify six issues that emerged that could provide areas of common interest across the two fields.
Krüppel-like factor 6 in the progression and prognosis of malignant melanoma
Authors: Cai Daxing , Zhao Jing , Sun Qing
Published: December 2013

Objectives:

The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence of Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) protein staining in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma and examine its potential relevance to clinicopathological characteristics and tumour cell proliferation.

Methods:

Clinicopathological data from patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma were analysed retrospectively. Presence of KLF6 and the antigen Ki-67 in malignant melanoma and healthy tissue samples from each patient was detected by immunohistochemistry. The proliferation index was calculated on the basis of Ki-67 expression. The relationship between KLF6 and clinicopathological characteristics was also analysed.

Results:

KLF6 was detected more frequently in normal healthy skin tissue compared with cutaneous malignant melanoma lesions ( n = 40). There was a negative correlation between the presence of KLF6 and the proliferation index. The presence of KLF6 was also significantly correlated with tumour diameter, lymph node metastasis, tumour–node–metastasis stage and 3-year survival rate.

Conclusions:

KLF6 protein is downregulated in human cutaneous malignant melanoma lesions compared with healthy skin tissue. KLF6 may be involved in tumour progression and may be a tumour suppressor and prognostic marker for cutaneous malignant melanoma.
Polymorphisms of the toll-like receptor 2 and 4 genes are associated with faster progression and a more severe course of sepsis in critically ill patients
Authors: Nachtigall Irit , Tamarkin Andrey , Tafelski Sascha , Weimann Andreas , Rothbart Andreas , Heim Susanne , Wernecke Klaus D , Spies Claudia
Published: December 2013

Objective

To determine whether the Arg753Gln polymorphism of the toll-like receptor 2 ( TLR2) gene and the Asp299Gly polymorphism of the TLR4 gene in critically ill patients affect their clinical outcomes.

Methods

Medical and surgical patients in three intensive care units (ICU) were enrolled in this prospective study. TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.

Results

A total of 145 patients were included in this study: 28 patients carried heterozygous mutations (10 in the TLR2 gene, 19 in the TLR4 gene, and one combined) and 117 patients were wild type. Severe sepsis was observed in 33% of wild types ( n = 38), 60% of the TLR2 group ( n = 6), and 63% of the TLR4 group ( n = 12); the difference was significant between the TLR4 and wild type groups. Both TLR groups demonstrated a shorter time-to-onset of severe sepsis or septic shock. Only the TLR4 group demonstrated significant progression towards septic shock compared with the wild type group. Length of ICU stay was significantly prolonged in the TLR4 group compared with the wild type group, but not in the TLR2 group.

Conclusions

Two common SNPs of the TLR2 and TLR4 genes – Arg753Gln and Asp299Gly – were associated with a shorter time-to-onset of severe sepsis or septic shock in patients admitted to the ICU.
Safety and tolerability of LBR-101, a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the binding of CGRP to its receptor: Results of the Phase 1 program
Authors: Bigal Marcelo E , Escandon Rafael , Bronson Michele , Walter Sarah , Sudworth Maria , Huggins John P , Garzone Pamela
Published: December 2013

Background

LBR-101 is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide.

Objective

The objective of this article is to characterize the safety and tolerability of LBR-101 when administered intravenously to healthy volunteers, by presenting the pooled results of the Phase 1 program.

Methods

LBR-101 was administered to 94 subjects, while 45 received placebo. Doses ranged from 0.2 mg to 2000 mg given once (Day 1), as a single IV infusion, or up to 300 mg given twice (Day 1 and Day 14).

Results

Subjects receiving placebo reported an average of 1.3 treatment-emerging adverse events vs 1.4 per subject among those receiving any dose of LBR-101, and 1.6 in those receiving 1000 mg or higher. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 21.2% of subjects receiving LBR-101, compared to 17.7% in those receiving placebo. LBR-101 was not associated with any clinically relevant patterns of change in vital signs, ECG parameters, or laboratory findings. The only serious adverse event consisted of “thoracic aortic aneurysm” in a participant later found to have an unreported history of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Conclusion

Single IV doses of LBR-101 ranging from 0.2 mg up to 2000 mg and multiple IV doses up to 300 mg were well tolerated. Overt safety concerns have not emerged. A maximally tolerated dose has not been identified.
Promoting Social Competence and Peer Relationships for Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Common Eric A. , Sreckovic Melissa A. , Huber Heartley B. , Bottema-Beutel Kristen , Gustafson Jenny Redding , Dykstra Jessica , Hume Kara
Published: December 2013

This article addresses some of the key considerations and complexities associated with intervening to address social competence and peer relationships of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in middle and high school settings. First, we provide a brief overview of the social context during adolescence for all students. Next, we highlight particular challenges for adolescents with ASD. Then, we discuss potential school-based intervention pathways that appear particularly responsive to these contexts and challenges. Finally, we offer several recommendations for research and practice aimed at improving the social competence and connections of young people with ASD—during high school and into early adulthood.
Dimensions and Correlates of Negative Attitudes Toward Female Survivors of Sexual Violence in Eastern DRC
Authors: Babalola Stella O.
Published: December 2013

The aim of the study described in this article is to examine the dimensions and correlates of attitudes toward survivors of sexual violence (SV) in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Four dimensions of attitudes were identified: victim responsibility, victim denigration, victim credibility, and deservingness. Gender roles attitudes represented the most significant correlate of attitudes toward survivors in this population. Other significant correlates of overall attitudes toward survivors included current employment, province of residence, knowledge about the SV law, awareness about where to go for information on sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), and the perceived prevalence of SV in own community. There are differences and communalities in the variables associated with the various dimensions of attitudes. For example, sex of the respondent and discussion of SGBV with others were only significantly associated with the tendency to ascribe responsibility to the victim. The findings indicate that changing negative gender norms should be central to efforts aimed at promoting accepting attitudes toward survivors. Furthermore, addressing the various dimensions of attitudes toward survivors may require different strategies.
Perceived Teacher Unfairness, Instrumental Goals, and Bullying Behavior in Early Adolescence
Authors: Lenzi Michela , Vieno Alessio , Gini Gianluca , Pozzoli Tiziana , Pastore Massimiliano , Santinello Massimo , Elgar Frank J.
Published: December 2013

The present study examined links between perceived teacher unfairness and bullying behavior in early adolescence, and the potential mediating role of instrumental social goals (specifically, agentic and separate goals). Based on social information processing theory, our model of proactive aggression was evaluated using path analysis in a sample of 662 Italian students aged between 11 and 13 years old (mean age = 12.55, SD = 0.99; 50.6% males). Results showed that perceived teacher unfairness positively relates to bullying, and that this relationship is partially mediated by the endorsement of instrumental goals. Our findings offer promising implications for future research and for intervention programs that aim to prevent school bullying through modifying the classroom context.
Pre-Pregnancy Dating Violence and Birth Outcomes Among Adolescent Mothers in a National Sample
Authors: Madkour Aubrey Spriggs , Xie Yiqiong , Harville Emily W.
Published: December 2013

Although infants born to adolescent mothers are at increased risk of adverse birth outcomes, little is known about contributors to birth outcomes in this group. Given past research linking partner abuse to adverse birth outcomes among adult mothers, we explored associations between pre-pregnancy verbal and physical dating violence and the birth weight and gestational age of infants born to adolescent mothers. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health Waves I (1995/1996), II (1996), and IV (2007/2008) were analyzed. Girls whose first singleton live births occurred after Wave II interview and before age 20 ( N = 558) self-reported infants’ birth weight and gestational age at Wave IV. Dating violence victimization (verbal and physical) in the 18 months prior to Wave II interview was self-reported. Controls included Wave I age, parent education, age at pregnancy, time between reporting abuse and birth, and childhood physical and sexual abuse. Weighted multivariable regression models were performed separately by race (Black/non-Black).On average, births occurred 2 years after Wave II interview. Almost one in four mothers reported verbal dating violence victimization (23.6%), and 10.1% reported physical victimization. Birth weight and prevalence of verbal dating violence victimization were significantly lower in Black compared with non-Black teen mothers. In multivariable analyses, negative associations between physical dating abuse and birth outcomes became stronger as time increased for Black mothers. For example, pre-pregnancy physical dating abuse was associated with 0.79 kilograms lower birth weight ( p< .001) and 4.72 fewer weeks gestational age ( p< .01) for Black mothers who gave birth 2 years post-reporting abuse. Physical dating abuse was unassociated with birth outcomes among non-Black mothers, and verbal abuse was unassociated with birth outcomes for all mothers. Reducing physical dating violence in adolescent relationships prior to pregnancy may improve Black adolescent mothers’ birth outcomes. Intervening on long-term violence may be particularly important.
The Importance of Communication When Implementing Global Share Plans
Authors: Knells Rona , Muntermann Marc , Wolff Michael , Zschoche Ulrike
Published: December 2013

More and more companies have implemented globally standardized share plans. From 2008 on, Siemens has offered an equity portfolio for all employees across the globe. Today, more than 148,000 employees are part of the Equity Culture, following an overall positive trend. However, on a local level, participation rates are sometimes declining. A likely explanation for this trend is a lack of effective local communication measures. A possibility to halt the downward trend can be an effective internal communication strategy on a regularly basis, using the limited available budget and facing local conditions. The Siemens case introduces a process designed to tackle these challenges using a localized communication strategy. In the first place, the “Equity Culture Enhancement Project” targets equity awareness using local and target group–oriented communication to establish a global and sustainable Equity Culture. Effective monitoring revealed that employee awareness and plan participation were successfully increased by the chosen communication strategy, which is the first step to increase participation and Equity Culture in share plans in the long run.
Impact of Compensation, Training and Development and Supervisory Support on Organizational Commitment
Authors: Shafiq Muhammad , Zia-ur-Rehman Dr. Muhammad , Rashid Majed
Published: December 2013

The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of compensation, training and development and supervisor support on organizational commitment in the cellular service industry of Pakistan. A large number of factors influence commitment of an employee within an organization, but this study focused on common and visible parameters happening in one’s service life. A questionnaire was used to gather data. Responses to each item are rated using a 5-point Likert-type scale. Participants of the research included 126 employees of five cellular service providers of the country. Statistical information in several areas was examined. The results revealed positive pattern of relationships between compensation, training and development and supervisory support and organizational commitment.
Robust flight control for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle using adaptive super-twisting approach
Authors: Castañeda Herman , Salas-Peña Oscar S , León-Morales Jesús de
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the design of attitude and airspeed controls for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle by means of an Adaptive Super Twisting Algorithm approach is addressed. In order to implement these controllers and taking into account the difficulties for measuring some of its states, necessary information about inertial attitude and airspeed is estimated using Super-Twisting Observers. This control scheme increases robustness since it is not necessary to know the bound of the perturbations affecting the system or the exact values from the parameters of the system. Furthermore, due to the finite-time converge of the observer, the stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme under unmodelled dynamics, noisy measurements and external disturbances.
Noise analysis of the turbojet and turbofan engine tests
Authors: Huang Jingjing , Zheng Longxi
Published: December 2013

Aerogine noise leads to environment pollution largely when aerogine is tested. In this paper, the power spectrum analysis method of the aeroengine test noise was discussed, and the noise measurement and analysis experiments of a turbojet engine and a turbofan engine tests were carried out. The noise level, main noise resource, and noise characteristics of the two turbojet and turbofan engines were analyzed. Meanwhile, the indoor noise and far-field noise of the turbojet engine were both measured, the noise spread characteristics were analyzed and the noise reduction performance of the test bench was evaluated. The noise generated by the turbojet engine test had the discrete characteristic of high frequency. The higher frequencies when peak values occurred were the blade passage frequencies and the noises with lower frequencies were the broad band noises, especially the jet noise, and the maximum of the peak values occurred at the basic frequencies or harmonic frequencies of the compressor. Meanwhile, the noises generated by the turbofan engine, focused on the high frequencies and the peak values corresponded to the rotation noise of the fan blades. The experimental results were consistent with the theory basically, which indicated that the aeroengine operating status information could be identified by the noise power spectrum analysis. In addition to the aeroengine noise reduction research, the noise power spectrum analysis could also be used to diagnose the fault of the aeroengine structure and performance. On the other hand, the indoor and far-field noise measurement experimental results implied that the noise was suppressed from 136 dB to 85 dB and could provide the reference to the noise reduction design of the aeroengine test bench.
Multiple Levels of Bilingual Language Control
Authors: Gollan Tamar H. , Schotter Elizabeth R. , Gomez Joanne , Murillo Mayra , Rayner Keith
Published: December 2013

Bilinguals rarely produce words in an unintended language. However, we induced such intrusion errors (e.g., saying el instead of he) in 32 Spanish-English bilinguals who read aloud single-language (English or Spanish) and mixed-language (haphazard mix of English and Spanish) paragraphs with English or Spanish word order. These bilinguals produced language intrusions almost exclusively in mixed-language paragraphs, and most often when attempting to produce dominant-language targets (accent-only errors also exhibited reversed language-dominance effects). Most intrusion errors occurred for function words, especially when they were not from the language that determined the word order in the paragraph. Eye movements showed that fixating a word in the nontarget language increased intrusion errors only for function words. Together, these results imply multiple mechanisms of language control, including (a) inhibition of the dominant language at both lexical and sublexical processing levels, (b) special retrieval mechanisms for function words in mixed-language utterances, and (c) attentional monitoring of the target word for its match with the intended language.
Design and experimental study of oil-based pressure-compensated underwater hydraulic system
Authors: Wang Feng , Chen Ying
Published: December 2013

An oil-based pressure-compensated underwater hydraulic system is designed and tested in this article. The underwater hydraulic system is equipped with a pressure compensator so that the tank pressure is always balanced with the ambient pressure. The system pressure is thus built on the ambient pressure. In this way, the underwater hydraulic system can work at any water depth. The steady-state characteristics of a spring-loaded pressure compensator are studied. The pressure compensator, underwater hydraulic power unit and the underwater valve control unit are designed and built. The whole underwater hydraulic system is tested in a high-pressure water simulator with lighting and video system in it. Results show that the underwater hydraulic cylinder can be driven properly under high water pressure, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the pressure compensation in the underwater hydraulic system.
Little Ice Age glaciers in Britain: Glacier–climate modelling in the Cairngorm Mountains
Authors: Harrison Stephan , Rowan Ann V , Glasser Neil F , Knight Jasper , Plummer Mitchell A , Mills Stephanie C
Published: December 2013

It is widely believed that the last glaciers in the British Isles disappeared at the end of the Younger Dryas stadial (12.9–11.7 cal. kyr BP). Here, we use a glacier–climate model driven by data from local weather stations to show for the first time that glaciers developed during the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the Cairngorm Mountains. Our model is forced from contemporary conditions by a realistic difference in mean annual air temperature of −1.5°C and an increase in annual precipitation of 10%, and confirmed by sensitivity analyses. These results are supported by the presence of small boulder moraines well within Younger Dryas ice limits, and by a dating programme on a moraine in one cirque. As a result, we argue that the last glaciers in the Cairngorm Mountains (and perhaps elsewhere in upland Britain) existed in the LIA within the last few hundred years, rather than during the Younger Dryas.
Vacation Benefits and Activities
Authors: Lehto Xinran Y. , Fu Xiaoxiao , Li Hanliang , Zhou Lingqiang
Published: December 2013

Family as a travel unit is an emerging phenomenon in China. This market segment, however, has not received as much scholarly attention as it deserves. This study investigated the vacation benefits that Chinese families pursue and their destination activity participation. Factor analysis revealed four dimensions of vacation benefits sought, namely, Communication and Togetherness, Shared Exploration, Escape and Relaxation, and Experiential Learning for Children. Taking pictures and videos was noted to be the most prevalent activity that Chinese family travelers were engaged in. This study further explored the interrelationships between the benefit-sought domains and destination activities. The results identified significant linkages between the two. The uncovered associations suggested that vacation activities served as a functional means to an end for Chinese families. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings were discussed, followed by recommendations for future research.
Living donor kidney transplantation: preferences and concerns amongst patients waiting for transplantation in New Zealand
Authors: Martin Paula
Published: December 2013

Objectives

There are multiple barriers to kidney transplantation from a living donor for patients. A critical factor is their own approach to pursuing opportunities for transplantation, including their preferences for living or deceased donation and their concerns about living donation. As part of a wider study into barriers to living donor transplantation in New Zealand, our aim was to examine the preferences and concerns of New Zealand patients who are waiting for kidney transplantation.

Methods

Mixed methods were used, incorporating a mailed survey of patients on the waiting list for a deceased donor transplant, followed by in-depth semi-structured interviews. The survey included questions about preferences for living or deceased donation, willingness to accept a kidney from a potential donor if offered and concerns about aspects of living donation. Responses were received from 193 (38.2%) patients. These issues were explored in more depth in follow-up interviews with 17 patients.

Results

The majority of patients were positive about living donor transplantation with only a few actively preferring a deceased donor. The vast majority would accept an offer from a potential donor. Donors being financially out-of-pocket and being upset if the transplant failed were the highest ranked concerns. Impacts on donor health were also a significant concern for patients. Positive views about living donor transplantation and stated willingness to accept offers could be undermined by deep, unresolved concerns and could result in patients declining offers from potential donors. Being well-informed about the risks to donors and having confidence in the donor evaluation process were important for reducing patients’ concerns.

Conclusions

The preferences and concerns of patients in New Zealand are similar to those reported elsewhere. Education needs to address the concerns of patients and ensure they have accurate knowledge about living donation. Concerns about financial impacts on donors, however, arise from New Zealand’s policy of not fully reimbursing living donors for lost income and cannot be addressed through improved education.
The views and opinions of CAMHS professionals on their role and the role of others in attending to children who self-harm
Authors: Hay Alistair , Majumder Pallab , Fosker Hannah , Karim Khalid , O’Reilly Michelle
Published: December 2013

Self-harm in young people is a common presentation to mental health services. There is little literature, however, on how professionals view their role and the role of others within the assessment of these young people, and the relative accountability. This study explored Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) professionals’ views of these roles utilising a qualitative framework. The interviews of 18 CAMHS professionals from different disciplines were analysed using a thematic approach. Findings showed participants to be clear regarding the remit of their own role and the purpose of the assessment process, but were less confident in the abilities of those outside their service. They commented on the ongoing problems of stigma in this area and the difficulties with multi-agency working. Findings suggested possible ways to ameliorate these problems; however, the current economic climate may not be conducive to this.
The importance of authenticity for student non-drinkers: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Conroy Dominic , de Visser Richard
Published: December 2013

Our article illustrates the importance of authenticity to student non-drinkers. Semi-structured interviews focussing on the lived experiences of five non-drinking students were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis. We present four inter-related themes: ‘Retaining authenticity by not drinking’, ‘Tainting the self by drinking alcohol’, ‘Feeling trapped by superimposition and self-exposition’ and ‘Doing what you want to do with your life’. Self-authenticity informed the decision not to drink, became relevant within conversations about non-drinking and underscored issues of choice and agency raised by alcohol consumption. Entrenched assumptions about alcohol’s self-realising utility are challenged in our discussion, and future research recommendations are suggested.
Cheating in social network games
Authors: Vázquez Irene Serrano , Consalvo Mia
Published: December 2013

Although we know how and why players cheat in videogames released on consoles or via PC, we know less about perceptions and practices surrounding cheating in social networks games. Such games offer players a style of gameplay—often without an ending and with a free-to-play model—that is quite different from other types of games. In addition, new audiences and demographics are being exposed to this type of games and are playing them. How do players decided what is fair and unfair in such games? How do they cheat? This study begins the process of answering those questions by examining how the definition of cheating and its practices have evolved with the rise in popularity of Facebook games. The answers indicate that players often dismiss the seriousness of social network games, and thus cheating was either not needed or not a part of gameplay expectations.
Dietary sodium restriction below 2 g per day predicted shorter event-free survival in patients with mild heart failure
Authors: Song Eun Kyeung , Moser Debra K , Dunbar Sandra B , Pressler Susan J , Lennie Terry A
Published: December 2013

Background:

Despite a growing recognition that a strict low sodium diet may not be warranted in compensated heart failure (HF) patients, the link between sodium restriction below 2 g/day and health outcomes is unknown in patients at different levels of HF severity.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to compare differences in event-free survival among patients with <2 g/day, 2–3 g/day, or >3 g/day sodium intake stratified by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class.

Method:

A total of 244 patients with HF completed a four-day food diary to measure daily sodium intake. All-cause hospitalization or death for a median of 365 follow-up days and covariates on age, gender, etiology, body mass index, NYHA class, ejection fraction, total comorbidity score, the presence of ankle edema, and prescribed medications were determined by patient interview and medical record review. Hierarchical Cox hazard regression was used to address the purpose.

Results:

In NYHA class I/II ( n=134), patients with <2 g/day sodium intake had a 3.7-times higher risk ( p=0.025), while patients with >3 g/day sodium intake had a 0.4-times lower risk ( p=0.047) for hospitalization or death than those with 2–3 g/day sodium intake after controlling for covariates. In NYHA class III/IV ( n=110), >3 g/day sodium intake predicted shorter event-free survival ( p=0.044), whereas there was no difference in survival curves between patients with <2 g/day and those with 2–3 g/day sodium intake.

Conclusion:

Sodium restriction below 2 g/day is not warranted in mild HF patients, whereas excessive sodium intake above 3 g/day may be harmful in moderate to severe HF patients.
Organizational Psychological Capital of Family Franchise Firms Through the Lens of the Leader–Member Exchange Theory
Authors: Memili Esra , Welsh Dianne H. B. , Kaciak Eugene
Published: December 2013

We explore organizational psychological capital (PsyCap) of family franchise firms by drawing on PsyCap and leader–member exchange (LMX) theories and family business literature. We suggest that unique family firm LMXs characterized by trust, respect, and obligation can foster organizational PsyCap of family franchise firms, in turn affecting their innovativeness. We also suggest that transgenerational succession intentions moderate the impact of the LMXs on the development of organizational PsyCap of family franchise firms as well as the consequent effects on innovativeness. We supplement these theoretical conjectures with two exploratory analyses based on survey data—a stepwise regression and correlational analysis. We also discuss implications for future research and practice.
A multi-objective optimization framework for assessing military ground vehicle design for safety
Authors: Hoffenson Steven , Arepally Sudhakar , Papalambros Panos Y
Published: December 2013

In recent years, the greatest safety threat to military personnel has been from underbody vehicle blast events, but other major threats exist against fuel convoys and due to rollover events. Ground vehicle designers make choices that affect one or more of these risk areas, including the weight and structural design of the vehicle underbody, as well as the design of seating systems that cushion the occupants from the rapid accelerations caused by blast loading. This study uses mathematical and computational tools to evaluate underbody blast, fuel convoy, and rollover safety criteria, and the models are combined into a multi-objective design optimization formulation that minimizes personnel casualties. The models and framework are highlighted and described in detail, and preliminary optimization results are presented under various conditions. The multi-objective behavior of the design problem is explored through weighted-objective Pareto frontiers, and the utility of the model in real-world situations is discussed.