bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on protein cross‐linking and gel enhancing effect of microbial transglutaminase on surimi from different fish
Authors: Chanarat Sochaya , Benjakul Soottawat , H‐Kittikun Aran
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) has been used to increase the gel strength of surimi. Nevertheless, its effectiveness varies with fish species. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of MTGase at different levels on protein cross‐linking and gel property of surimi from threadfin bream, Indian mackerel and sardine in the presence and absence of endogenous transglutaminase.

RESULT: Breaking force of all surimi gels increased as MTGase levels (0–0.6 U g−1) increased except for threadfin bream surimi gel, where the breaking force decreased at 0.6 U g−1 (P < 0.05). In the presence of EDTA, the gel strengthening effect was lower, suggesting the combined effect of endogenous transglutaminase with MTGase. With the addition of MTGase, the gel with the highest increase in breaking force showed highest decrease in myosin heavy chain. When cross‐linking activity of MTGase on natural actomyosin (NAM) was determined, the highest decreasing rate in ε‐amino group content with the concomitant increased formation of cross‐linked proteins was found in NAM from threadfin bream. The reactivity of muscle proteins toward MTGase‐induced cross‐linking was in agreement with surimi gel strengthening.

CONCLUSION: The composition and properties of muscle proteins of varying fish species more likely determined protein cross‐linking induced by MTGase, thereby affecting their gel properties. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of cinnamon leaf, oregano and sweet orange essential oils on fermentation and aerobic stability of barley silage
Authors: Chaves Alexandre V , Baah John , Wang Yuxi , McAllister Tim A , Benchaar Chaouki
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: Silage additives are marketed with the primary aim of improving the fermentation and/or aerobic stability of silage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of three different essential oils (EOs; cinnamon leaf (CIN), oregano (ORE) and sweet orange (SO)) on the fermentation characteristics and stability of barley silage. Chopped whole‐plant barley (Hordem vulgare L.) forage was ensiled either untreated (0 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM)) or treated with CIN, ORE or SO (37.5, 75 and 120 mg kg−1 DM).

RESULTS: Moulds were not detected in any treatments, including the control, after 7 days of air exposure. All EOs at a concentration of 120 mg kg−1 silage DM decreased (P = 0.001) yeast populations in comparison with the control during air exposure. Net gas, methane and ammonia concentrations in vitro did not differ among treatments. Changes in volatile fatty acid concentrations were small, and in situ data showed no changes in DM and neutral detergent fibre digestion rates for CIN, ORE or SO at concentrations up to 120 mg kg−1 DM.

CONCLUSION: The findings from this study show that a concentration of 120 mg EO kg−1 DM decreased yeast counts during aerobic stability tests. However, all EO treatments had minimal effects on data from in vitro and in situ incubations. Copyright © 2011 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd
Postprandial inflammatory response in adipose tissue of patients with metabolic syndrome after the intake of different dietary models
Authors: Meneses Maria E. , Camargo Antonio , Perez‐Martinez Pablo , Delgado‐Lista Javier , Cruz‐Teno Cristina , Jimenez‐Gomez Yolanda , Paniagua Juan A. , Gutierrez‐Mariscal Francisco M. , Tinahones Francisco J. , Vidal‐Puig Antonio , Roche Helen M. , Perez‐Jimenez Francisco , Malagon Maria M. , Lopez‐Miranda Jose
Published: October 2011

Scope: Dysfunctional adipose tissue may be an important trigger of molecular inflammatory pathways that cause cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to determine whether the specific quality and quantity of dietary fat produce differential postprandial inflammatory responses in adipose tissue from metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients.

Methods and results: A randomized, controlled trial conducted within the LIPGENE study assigned MetS patients to 1 of 4 diets: (i) high‐saturated fatty acid (HSFA), (ii) high‐monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA), (iii) low‐fat, high‐complex carbohydrate diet supplemented with n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (LFHCC n−3), and (iv) low‐fat, high‐complex carbohydrate diet supplemented with placebo (LFHCC), for 12 wk each. A fat challenge reflecting the fatty acid composition as the original diets was conducted post‐intervention. We found that p65 gene expression is induced in adipose tissue (p=0.003) at the postprandial state. In addition, IκBα (p<0.001), MCP‐1 (p<0.001) and IL‐1β (p<0.001) gene expression was equally induced in the postprandial state, regardless of the quality and quantity of the dietary fat. Notably, IL‐6 transcripts were only detected in the postprandial state.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that individuals with MetS typically exhibit exacerbated adipose tissue postprandial inflammatory responses, which seem to be independent of the quality and quantity of dietary fat.
Vascular deconjugation of quercetin glucuronide: The flavonoid paradox revealed?
Authors: Menendez Carmen , Dueñas Montserrat , Galindo Pilar , González‐Manzano Susana , Jimenez Rosario , Moreno Laura , Zarzuelo Maria José , Rodríguez‐Gómez Isabel , Duarte Juan , Santos‐Buelga Celestino , Perez‐Vizcaino Francisco
Published: October 2011

Scope: The dietary flavonoid quercetin exerts protective cardiovascular effects. Because quercetin is rapidly metabolized into less active or inactive glucuronidated metabolites and the plasma concentrations of free quercetin are very low, a huge amount of scientific data generated along decades with the unconjugated compounds in vitro has been questioned. We aimed to determine whether glucuronidated quercetin can deconjugate in situ and whether deconjugation leads to a biological effect.

Methods and results: Quercetin and quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide (Q3GA) were perfused through the isolated rat mesenteric vascular bed. Quercetin was rapidly metabolized in the mesentery. In contrast, the decay of Q3GA was slower and was accompanied by a progressive increase of quercetin in the perfusate and in the tissue over 6 h, which was prevented by the β‐glucuronidase inhibitor saccharolactone. Incubation of mesenteric arterial rings mounted in a wire myograph with Q3GA for ≥1 h resulted in a significant inhibition of the contractile response which was also prevented by saccharolactone. Moreover, the intravenous administration of Q3GA resulted in a slow onset and sustained blood pressure lowering effect, demonstrating for the first time that Q3GA has effects in vivo.

Conclusion: We propose that Q3GA behaves as a quercetin carrier in plasma, which deconjugates in situ releasing the aglycone which is the final effector.
Resveratrol in human cancer chemoprevention – Choosing the ‘right’ dose
Authors: Scott Edwina , Steward William P. , Gescher Andreas J. , Brown Karen
Published: October 2011

There is now robust preclinical evidence to suggest that resveratrol possesses cancer chemopreventive properties. A series of clinical pilot studies has provided insights into its pharmacokinetics, and data on its human antineoplastic pharmacodynamics start to emerge. It is likely that resveratrol will be developed further in the clinic as a putative cancer chemopreventive agent. The question that remains unresolved is: What is the most suitable dose of resveratrol for effective cancer preventive intervention? Mechanistic studies in cells in vitro have almost invariably used concentrations of resveratrol in the 10–5 to 10–4 M range, which is much higher than those which can be achieved in the human biophase after consumption of doses up to 1 g. Many of the preclinical efficacy studies in rodent models of carcinogenesis have employed doses which are dramatically above those which can be ingested with the diet. New experimental paradigms need to be used to obtain information on pharmacological changes elicited by resveratrol when present at very low concentrations or when administered at dietary‐relevant doses.
Impact of Participation in a Theatre Programme on Quality of Life among Older Adults with Chronic Conditions: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yuen Hon Keung , Mueller Kris , Mayor Ellise , Azuero Andres
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to evaluate the effect of participation in the “Seasoned Arts At the Samford for You” (SAASY) programme, which included a 6‐week acting class and four public performances, on the psychological well‐being and health‐related quality of life of older adults. Twelve older adults with chronic conditions from a low‐income senior apartment and a senior living community participated in the programme. The acting class, led by two professional artists, met for a 2‐hour class weekly for six weeks. Participants completed the General Well‐being Schedule (GWBS) and the 36‐Item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36) both at the beginning of the programme and one month after the programme ended. In addition, participants were individually interviewed to explore the perceived impact of the theatre programme on their well‐being. Participants reported a significantly higher score in the GWBS and on the physical but not on the mental component summary of the SF‐36 at post‐SAASY programme. Content analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that participants attained an improved sense of self‐worth and self‐advocacy and overcame self‐imposed limitations. Results showed improvement in psychological well‐being and health‐related quality of life, most notably in the physical health component of SF‐36 after participating in the programme. Practice implications for occupational therapists using drama as a creative leisure occupation to promote health among older adults with chronic conditions may involve analysis of participants' occupational profile, identification of deficit areas and adaptation of the acting programme content to meet specific needs and goals.

The present study used a pretest and post test one group design that has numerous inherent limitations that affect the ability to make valid inferences from study findings. A more rigorous research design with a wait‐listed control group and collection of outcome measures immediately after the acting class as well as at three months follow‐up is essential in validating the present findings. Outcome measures used in future studies to evaluate the health benefits of a theatre programme should focus on ameliorating the effects of disease on disability (such as functional mobility, everyday cognitive function and activities of daily living) in addition to prevention. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sublytic C5b‐9 complexes induce proliferative changes of glomerular mesangial cells in rat Thy‐1 nephritis through TRAF6‐mediated PI3K‐dependent Akt1 activation
Authors: Qiu Wen , Zhang Yan , Liu Xiaomei , Zhou Jianbo , Li Yan , Zhou Ying , Shan Kai , Xia Mei , Che Nan , Feng Xuefeng , Zhao Dan , Wang Yingwei
Published: October 2011

The proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) in rat Thy‐1 nephritis (Thy‐1N), resembling human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), have been studied for many years, but the mechanisms, especially the role of signalling pathway activation and its regulation in GMCs triggered by sublytic C5b‐9 complexes in Thy‐1N rats remain largely unclear. In the study, the proliferation of GMCs and production of ECM as well as the role of PI3K/Akt and its regulation, both in GMCs induced by sublytic C5b‐9 (in vitro) and in the renal tissues of rats with Thy‐1N (in vivo), were determined and the results revealed that GMCs proliferation and ECM secretion, both in vitro and in vivo, were notably increased, and that PI3K/Akt1 activation and its regulation, such as TNF receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6)‐mediated Akt1 ubiquitination and PI3K‐dependent Akt1 phosphorylation, were involved in the process of Thy‐1N induction. On the other hand, silence of the TRAF6, PI3K or Akt1 genes could obviously diminish the proliferative damages and urinary protein secretion of Thy‐1N rats. Together, these data implicated that sublytic C5b‐9 complexes in Thy‐1N rats could promote GMCs proliferation and ECM production through TRAF6‐mediated PI3K‐dependent Akt1 activation, in which the ubiquitination and phosphorylation of the Akt1 signal molecule played an important role in the initiation and development of the proliferative changes in the rats with Thy‐1N. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytokinesis, ploidy and aneuploidy
Authors: Lacroix Benjamin , Maddox Amy Shaub
Published: October 2011

Cytokinesis is the last step of cell division that physically separates the daughter cells. As such, it ensures the proper inheritance of both nuclear and cytoplasmic contents. Accomplishment of cytokinesis in eukaryotes is dictated by several key events: establishment of the division plane, furrow ingression through contraction of an actomyosin ring and abscission via membrane fusion. Most mammalian somatic cells are diploid. Polyploidy can result from cytokinesis failure and may contribute to the development of pathologies such as cancer. However, polyploidy is essential for cellular differentiation and function in some contexts (eg hepatocytes, megakaryocytes and others). Consequently, the degree of ploidy and the achievement of cytokinesis must be tightly regulated throughout an organism and among different cell types. In this review we will highlight several examples of normal and pathological polyploidy, focusing on those caused by a controlled failure or dysregulation of cytokinesis, respectively. Last, we propose therapeutic routes to control cytokinesis to restore or block cell division. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Let‐7c functions as a metastasis suppressor by targeting MMP11 and PBX3 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Han Hai‐Bo , Gu Jin , Zuo Hui‐Jing , Chen Zhi‐Guo , Zhao Wei , Li Ming , Ji Deng‐Bo , Lu You‐Yong , Zhang Zhi‐Qian
Published: October 2011

Accumulating evidence shows that microRNAs, functioning as either oncogenes or tumour suppressors by negatively regulating downstream target genes that are actively involved in tumour initiation and progression, may be promising biomarkers and therapy targets. Data mining through a microRNA chip database indicated that let‐7c may be associated with tumour metastasis. Here, we confirmed that down‐regulation of let‐7c in primary cancer tissues was significantly associated with metastases, advanced TNM stages and poor survival of colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, ectopic expression of let‐7c in a highly metastatic Lovo cell line remarkably suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro by the down‐regulation of K‐RAS, MMP11 and PBX3, as well as tumour growth and metastases in vivo, whereas inhibition of let‐7c in low‐metastatic HT29 cells increased cell motility and invasion by the enhanced gene expression of K‐RAS, MMP11 and PBX3. Interestingly, the luciferase reporters' activities with the 3′‐UTRs of K‐RAS, MMP11 and PBX3 were inhibited significantly by let‐7c. Importantly, rescue experiments involving the over‐expression of these genes without their 3′‐UTRs completely reversed the effects of let‐7c on tumour metastasis, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the levels of let‐7c were inversely correlated with those of MMP11 and PBX3, but not with those of K‐RAS. Taken together, these results demonstrate that let‐7c, apart from its tumour growth suppression role, also functions as a tumour metastasis suppressor in colorectal cancer by directly destabilizing the mRNAs of MMP11 and PBX3 at least. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Origin of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from atypical flat lesions: a comparative study in transgenic mice and human tissues
Authors: Aichler Michaela , Seiler Christopher , Tost Monica , Siveke Jens , Mazur Pawel K , Da Silva‐Buttkus Patricia , Bartsch Detlef K , Langer Peter , Chiblak Sara , Dürr Anna , Höfler Heinz , Klöppel Günter , Müller‐Decker Karin , Brielmeier Markus , Esposito Irene
Published: October 2011

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its precursor lesions, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), display a ductal phenotype. However, there is evidence in genetically defined mouse models for PDAC harbouring a mutated kras under the control of a pancreas‐specific promoter that ductal cancer might arise in the centroacinar‐acinar region, possibly through a process of acinar‐ductal metaplasia (ADM). In order to further elucidate this model of PDAC development, an extensive expression analysis and molecular characterization of the putative and already established (PanIN) precursor lesions were performed in the Kras$^{G{\it{\bf{12}}}D/+}$ ; Ptf1a‐Cre$^{ex{\it{\bf{1}}}/+}$ mouse model and in human tissues, focusing on lineage markers, developmental pathways, cell cycle regulators, apomucins, and stromal activation markers. The results of this study show that areas of ADM are very frequent in the murine and human pancreas and represent regions of increased proliferation of cells with precursor potential. Moreover, atypical flat lesions originating in areas of ADM are the most probable precursors of PDAC in the Kras$^{G{\it{\bf{12}}}D/+}$; Ptf1a‐Cre$^{ex{\it{\bf{1}}}/+}$ mice and similar lesions were also found in the pancreas of three patients with a strong family history of PDAC. In conclusion, PDAC development in Kras$^{G{\it{\bf{12}}}D/+}$; Ptf1a‐Cre$^{ex{\it{\bf{1}}}/+}$ mice starts from ADM and a similar process might also take place in patients with a strong family history of PDAC. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aniline oligomers versus polyaniline
Authors: Stejskal Jaroslav , Trchová Miroslava
Published: October 2011

This paper deals with aniline oligomers produced by the oxidation of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate under alkaline conditions. Oligomers obtained in 1 mol L−1 ammonium hydroxide as microspheres have been analyzed. They are brown, non‐conducting, and are composed of tens of aniline constitutional units. They contain oxygen in semiquinonoid and quinonoid constitutional units or both, and sulfur in sulfonic or sulfate groups. Phenazine‐like units in the oligomers have been identified by UV‐visible spectra and the IR spectra support them. IR spectroscopic analysis of fractions insoluble and soluble in chloroform suggests that aniline oligomers are not uniform and strong hydrogen bonding occurs in their structure. Aniline oligomers will be potentially useful in applications that do not require conductivity but use the redox or salt–base transitions typical of polyaniline. Their applicability is illustrated by the ability to reduce silver cations to silver, base–salt transitions and in the carbonization to nitrogen‐containing carbons. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Melanoma survivors: health behaviors, surveillance, psychosocial factors, and family concerns
Authors: Oliveria Susan A. , Shuk Elyse , Hay Jennifer L. , Heneghan Maureen , Goulart Jacqueline M. , Panageas Katherine , Geller Alan C. , Halpern Allan C.
Published: October 2011

Background

Little research has been conducted on melanoma survivors and important opportunities exist for research in this understudied population. The study objective was to examine experiences of melanoma survivors regarding sun protection, surveillance practices, psychosocial and family concerns using focus groups.

Methods

We identified patients (≥18 years) treated at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (USA) during 1996–2005 with invasive primary cutaneous melanoma, stages I–III. We stratified focus groups by age (<50 vs ≥50 years) and years since diagnosis (1 to <5 years vs 5–10 years). We performed qualitative thematic text analysis, which involved independent data review by multiple analysts (n = 2) followed by interpretation of key findings via consensus work.

Results

Forty‐eight survivors composed the final sample. Most did not conduct routine skin self‐examinations. Survivors became more conscious of sun exposure and expanded their sun protection; some experienced anxiety if caught unprotected in the sun. Survivors were aware of the increased melanoma risk for family members, yet many did not discuss risk reduction. Melanoma diagnosis elevated the importance of retaining health insurance and purchasing life insurance for younger survivors. We did not identify significance difference between those diagnosed more or less recently.

Conclusions

We identified areas of high priority to melanoma survivors: skin self‐examination, anxiety associated with sun exposure, familial risk communication, and maintaining health insurance benefits. The implications for cancer survivors are that these behavioral data will help to design health promotion and prevention programs that are tailored to melanoma survivors' risk status. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plant volatile compounds shorten reaction time and enhance attraction of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) to codlemone
Authors: Schmera Dénes , Guerin Patrick M
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: The codling moth is the most serious pest of deciduous tree fruit (apples, pears, crabapples, walnuts, quince) worldwide. The high frequency of insecticide treatments per season has resulted in breakdown of codling moth control owing to insecticide resistance. As an alternative, integrated pest management includes mating disruption to achieve population suppression in orchards. Under this scheme, the sex pheromone of the codling moth, (E, E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (codlemone), is released from dispensers in crops to hinder mating by luring males. Increasing the attractiveness of codlemone formulations to codling moth males can be regarded as a key to increasing the efficacy of mating disruption. With this aim, the effects of adding plant volatiles on the behavioural responses of codling moth males to codlemone were tested.

RESULTS: Adding R(+)‐limonene, linalool, (E)‐β‐farnesene or ethyl (E, Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate to codlemone significantly increases the proportion of males flying to the pheromone source in a wind tunnel. The response level is equivalent to that of males responding to females releasing codlemone. Using real‐time recordings, it is shown how these four plant products also shorten the response time of males to codlemone under the behavioural criteria time to activation, time till upwind flight is induced and time to pheromone source contact.

CONCLUSION: Shortening the response time and increasing source location by males of dispensers releasing codlemone with R(+)‐limonene, linalool, (E)‐β‐farnesene or ethyl (E, Z)‐2,4‐decadienoate added would enhance mating disruption through better engagement of males with dispensers, to the detriment of females. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of a potentiometric vital dye to determine the effect of the herbicide bromoxynil octanoate on mitochondrial bioenenergetics in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Brickley Mark R , Lawrie Emily , Weise Veronika , Hawes Chris , Cobb Andrew H
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: The aims of the present study were to validate a vital mitochondrial potentiometric staining method in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and to utilise this method to examine the effect of the herbicide bromoxynil octanoate on mitochondrial potential in this species. A range of stains was investigated, including Rhodamine 123, DASPMI, Mitotracker Green, Mitotracker Orange and JC‐1.

RESULTS: Rhodamine 123 (R123) had the highest utility of several candidate stains. Incubation with both 5 and 10 µM carbonyl cyanide 3‐chlorophenylhydrazone caused significant fluorescence collapse [Dunn's post test (40.00, P < 0.01) and (45.49, P < 0.01) respectively], demonstrating that the R123 fluorescence reported mitochondrial potential. The effect of the herbicide bromoxynil octanoate was examined. Exposure to 0.1 mM of bromoxynil resulted in a significant increased mitochondrial fluorescence compared with the baseline (Mann–Whitney U = 222, P < 0.002), while concentrations of 1 mM and greater resulted in significant, almost complete loss of mitochondrial potential [mean fluorescence ratio = 1.193–1.289 (where a ratio of 1 represents total potential loss), Mann–Whitney U = 0.0, P < 0.001 (1 mM), 0.0, P < 0.0001 (2 mM), 0.0, P < 0.0001 (5 mM)]. EC50 of the collapse in mitochondrial potential owing to bromoxynil incubation occurred at 0.72 mM, and the mean t50 of bromoxynil octanoate action was 93 s.

CONCLUSIONS: R123 is a sensitive potentiometric dye in C. reinhardtii that may find further use in investigations of both mitochondrial bioenergetics in plants and environmental toxicology. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Validation of RNA interference in western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) adults
Authors: Rangasamy Murugesan , Siegfried Blair D
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND: RNA interference (RNAi) is commonly used in insect functional genomics studies and usually involves direct injection of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). Only a few studies have involved exposure to dsRNAs through feeding. For western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) larvae, ingestion of dsRNA designed from the housekeeping gene, vacuolar ATPase (vATPase) triggers RNAi causing growth inhibition and mortality; however, the effect of dsRNA feeding on adults has not been examined. In this research, WCR adults were fed with vATPase‐dsRNA‐treated artificial diet containing a cucurbitacin bait, which is a proven feeding stimulant for chrysomelid beetles of the subtribe Diabroticina to which rootworms belong.

RESULTS: Real‐time PCR confirmed suppression of vATPase expression and western blot analysis indicated reduced signal of a protein that cross‐reacted with a vATPase polyclonal antiserum in WCR adults exposed to artificial diet treated with dsRNA and cucurbitacin bait. Continuous feeding on cucurbitacin and dsRNA‐treated artificial diet resulted in more than 95% adult mortality within 2 weeks while mortality in control treatments never exceeded 20%.

CONCLUSIONS: This research clearly demonstrates the effect of RNAi on WCR adults that have been exposed to dsRNA by feeding and establishes a tool to screen dsRNAs of potential target genes in adults. This technique may serve as an alternative to target screening of larvae which are difficult to maintain on artificial diets. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of Molecular Target Proteins in Berberine‐treated Cervix Adenocarcinoma HeLa Cells by Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analyses
Authors: Lu Binan , Zhao Jing , Xu Lina , Xu Yousong , Wang Xiaona , Peng Jinyong
Published: October 2011

In this study, the apoptosis of HeLa cells induced by berberine was investigated. Fifty‐one differentially expressed proteins were identified before and after berberine treatment by a proteomic method, which either interacted with each other directly or through one intermediate protein to form a connected protein interaction sub‐network. Nine of them were selected and validated. Compared with the cells in the control group, the expressions of 14‐3‐3σ and lamin‐A/C of the cells treated by berberine for 48 h increased by 94.12 and 5.24 times, respectively, and the expressions of annexin A5, cytokeratin 17, prohibitin, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSPA8), programmed cell death 6 and vimentin decreased by 4.1, 1.34, 23.8, 11.85, 4.63 and 5.24 times, respectively. In addition, tubulin‐β decreased from 9537 to 6908 ng/L. Furthermore, the inverse dock program (INVDOCK) was used to predict the possible drug‐target of berberine's anticancer activity, and the results showed that HSPA8 and annexin A5 might be the drug targets. This study suggests that the anticancer effect of berberine on HeLa cells was a complex process based on affecting multiple protein expression and acting on an interaction network. Our work could be helpful to elucidate the mechanism of berberine's anticancer activity on HeLa cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the factors affecting the optimal fiducial configurations calculated through a genetic‐algorithm‐based methodology in image‐guided neurosurgery
Authors: Battezzato Alessandro , Gastaldi Laura , Pastorelli Stefano
Published: October 2011

Background

Image‐guided neurosurgery usually involves a point‐pair registration between two spaces, associating the patient in the operating room with pre‐operative image scans. The distribution and number of fiducial markers during registration are critical for the expected error at the target point.

Methods

A genetic algorithm has been designed to provide an optimal marker configuration. The solution, visualized on a 3D head reconstruction, is intended as a guideline for the surgeon to properly place the markers. However, deviations from ideal configurations occur during marker placement; moreover, the actual target is not a point, but a region. The consequent decrease of target accuracy is statistically investigated.

Results

A requirement on target minimum accuracy can be satisfied in the operating room not only by setting the number of markers for the optimized fiducial configuration, but also by considering the inevitable sources of error.

Conclusions

Quantifying the sources of error that affect a genetic‐algorithm‐based optimization shows that it is still convenient. Target point correct individuation is particularly important, as it strongly influences the optimization performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary application of computer‐assisted patient‐specific acetabular navigational template for total hip arthroplasty in adult single development dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Zhang Yuan Z. , Chen Bin , Lu Sheng , Yang Yong , Zhao Jian M. , Liu Rui , Li Yan B. , Pei Guo X.
Published: October 2011

Background

The considerable variation in anatomical abnormalities of hip joints associated with different types of developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) makes reconstruction in total hip arthroplasty (THA) difficult. It is desirable to create patient‐specific designs for THA procedures. In the cases of adult single DDH, an accuracy‐improved method has been developed for acetabular cup prosthesis implantation of hip arthroplasty.

Methods

From October 2007 to November 2008, 22 patients with single DDH (according to the Crowe standard, all dysplasia hips were classified as type I) were scanned with spiral CT pre‐operatively. These patients scheduled for THA were randomly assigned to undergo either conventional THA (control group, n = 11) or navigation template implantation (NT group, n = 11). In the NT group, three‐dimensional (3D) CT pelvis image data were transferred to a computer workstation and 3D models of the hip were reconstructed using the Mimics software. The 3D models were then processed by the Imageware software. In brief, a template that best fitted the location and shape of the acetabular cup was ‘reversely’ built from the 3D model, the rotation centre of the pathological hip determined by mirroring that of the healthy site, and a guiding hole in the template was then designed. The navigational templates were manufactured using a rapid prototyping machine. These navigation templates guide acetabular component placement.

Results

Based on the predetermined abduction angle 45° and anteversion angle 18°, after 1 year follow‐up, the NT group showed significantly smaller differences (1.6° ± 0.4°, 1.9° ± 1.1°) from the predetermined angles than those in the control group (5.8° ± 2.9°, 3.9° ± 2.5°) (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The template designs facilitated accurate placement of acetabular components in dysplasia of acetabulum. The hip's center of rotation in DDH could be established using computer‐aided design, which provides a useful method for the accurate location of prosthesis with a low cost–performance ratio without excessive technical workload on the surgical team. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic presacral neurectomy – technique and results
Authors: Kapetanakis Vasilis , Jacob Kristina , Klauschie Jennifer , Kho Rosanne , Magrina Javier
Published: October 2011

Background

The feasibility, safety and outcomes of robotic presacral neurectomy were evaluated.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed of 33 patients with midline chronic pelvic pain, who underwent robotic presacral neurectomy. Data were collected during the period March 2004–March 2010.

Results

All patients underwent robotic presacral neurectomy and additional robotic procedures. Mean operating time for robotic presacral neurectomy was 5.8 (range 4.4–6.9) min. Mean blood loss, including concomitant procedures, was 39 (range 15–150) ml. Most patients were discharged the same day (60%) and mean hospital stay was 0.39 (range 0–2) days. There were no conversions or intra‐operative complications. There were two postoperative complications: one pelvic abscess and one Clostridium difficile colitis. Pain improvement was reported by 73% (22/30) of patients.

Conclusion

Robotic presacral neurectomy is safe and feasible, resulting in improvement of pelvic pain in selected patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of an integrated master–slave robotic system for minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Li Jianmin , Zhou Ningxin , Wang Shuxin , Gao Yuanqian , Liu Dongchun
Published: October 2011

Background

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) robots are commonly used in hospitals and medical centres. However, currently available robotic systems are very complicated and huge, greatly raising system costs and the requirements of operating rooms. These disadvantages have become the major impediments to the expansion of MIS robots.

Methods

An integrated MIS robotic system is proposed based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of different MIS robots. In the proposed system, the master manipulators, slave manipulators, image display device and control system have been designed as a whole. Modular design is adopted for the control system for easy maintenance and upgrade. The kinematic relations between the master and the slave are also investigated and embedded in software to realize intuitive movements of hand and instrument. Finally, animal experiments were designed to test the effectiveness of the robot.

Results

The robot realizes natural hand–eye movements between the master and the slave to facilitate MIS operations. The experimental results show that the robot can realize similar functions to those of current commercialized robots.

Conclusions

The integrated design simplifies the robotic system and facilitates use of the robot. Compared with the commercialized robots, the proposed MIS robot achieves similar functions and features but with a smaller size and less weight. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local Anesthesia: A Strategy for Reducing Surgical Site Infections?
Authors: Lee Jay S. , Hayanga Awori J. , Kubus James J. , Makepeace Henry , Hutton Max , Campbell Darrell A. , Englesbe Michael J.
Published: October 2011

Background

Surgical site infections (SSIs) contribute to increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization costs. A previously unidentified factor that may reduce SSIs is the use of local anesthesia. The objective of this study was to determine if the use of local anesthesia is independently associated with a lower incidence of SSIs compared to nonlocal anesthesia.

Methods

Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2005–2007), we identified all patients undergoing surgical procedures that could be performed using local or general anesthesia, depending on the preference of the surgeon. Logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with the use of local anesthesia. Propensity matching was then used to match local and nonlocal anesthesia cases while controlling for patient and operative characteristics. SSI rates were compared using a χ2 test.

Results

Of 111,683 patients, 1928 underwent local anesthesia; and in 109,755 cases the patients were given general anesthesia where a local anesthetic potentially could have used. In the unmatched analysis, patients with local anesthesia had a significantly lower incidence of SSIs than patients with nonlocal anesthesia (0.7 vs. 1.4%, P = 0.013). Similarly, after propensity matching, the incidence of SSIs in patients given local anesthesia was significantly lower than for that of patients given nonlocal anesthesia (0.8 vs. 1.4%, P = 0.043).

Conclusions

Use of local anesthesia is independently associated with a lower incidence of SSIs. It may provide a safe, simple approach to reducing the number of SSIs.
Phase I trial of preoperative intratumoral injection of immature dendritic cells and OK‐432 for resectable pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Endo Hisahito , Saito Takuro , Kenjo Akira , Hoshino Mika , Terashima Masanori , Sato Tetsu , Anazawa Takayuki , Kimura Takashi , Tsuchiya Takao , Irisawa Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa , Hikichi Takuto , Takagi Tadayuki , Gotoh Mitsukazu
Published: October 2011

Purpose

To determine the feasibility, safety and histological change of preoperative endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle injection (PEU‐FNI) of immature DCs (iDCs) with OK‐432 in pancreatic cancer patients.

Methods

Nine patients enrolled in the trial (DC group) and were compared with 15 patients operated on without iDC injection (non‐DC group). Adverse events of PEU‐FNI and postoperative complications were evaluated according to CTC‐AE ver.3.0 and the Clavien—Dindo classification/ISGPF definition, respectively. Histological changes within the tumor and lymph nodes were evaluated by immunohistochemical examination of infiltrating inflammatory cells (CD4+, CD8+, Foxp3+ and CD83+).

Results

There were no severe toxicities following PEU‐FNI, except for one transient grade 3 fever, and there were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups. Colliquative necrosis and diffusely scattered TUNEL‐positive cells were observed at the injection sites. CD83+ cells significantly accumulated in the regional lymph nodes of the DC group as well as Foxp3+ cells in the regional and distant lymph nodes. The two DC group patients, one of which was stage IV with distant lymph node metastasis, survived more than 5 years without requiring adjuvant theraphy.

Conclusion

PEU‐FNI was feasible and safe, and further study needs to confirm and enhance antitumor responses.
"Equation missing" : an integrated modeling approach for developing educational modules
Authors: Barbosa Ellen Francine , Maldonado José Carlos
Published: October 2011

Educational modules—concise units of study, composed of theoretical and practical content, which can be delivered to learners by using technological and computational resources—are relevant mechanisms to improve the learning processes. Similar to software products, educational modules require the establishment and integration of innovative methods, tools and procedures into well-defined processes aiming at producing flexible, adaptable and high-quality products. In this sense, content modeling activity plays a fundamental role in the development of educational modules, providing a way to structure the relevant parts of the learning content. Motivated by this scenario, we propose "Equation missing"—an approach for modeling learning content, capable of addressing conceptual, instructional and didactic issues altogether, in an integrated way. By means of a set of models, "Equation missing" helps the author in determining the relevant parts of the learning content, providing a systematic way to structure the concepts and related information. "Equation missing" also explores the idea of open specifications, providing support for the definition of dynamic contexts of learning. Besides that, the translation of "Equation missing" models into machine-readable specifications, automatically or by hand, makes possible interoperability and promotes reusability. "Equation missing" has been applied in the development of educational modules for different domains. The resulting modules have been evaluated in terms of the authors’ and learners’ perspectives. The results obtained provide preliminary evidence of the learning effectiveness, quality and flexibility achieved by the educational modules produced.
Health technology assessment–based development of a Spanish breast cancer patient decision aid
Authors: Izquierdo Fátima , Gracia Javier , Guerra Mercedes , Blasco Juan Antonio , Andradas Elena
Published: October 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a breast cancer Patient Decision Aid (PDA), using a Health Technology Assessment (HTA) process, to assist patients in their choice of therapeutic options, and to promote shared decision making among patients, healthcare professionals, and other interested parties.

Methods: A systematic review (SR) was conducted of existing breast cancer patient Decision Aids encountered in the main scientific journal databases and on institutional Web sites that create PDAs, together with a Qualitative Research (QR) study, using semi-structured interviews and focus group with stakeholders (patients, family members, and health professionals), with the aim of developing a PDA for breast cancer.

Results: The SR shows that PDAs in breast cancer not only increase patient knowledge of the illness, leading to more realistic expectations of treatment outcomes, but also reduce passivity in the decision-making process and facilitate the appropriate choice of treatment options in accordance with patient medical and personal preferences. The analysis of QR shows that both breast cancer patients and healthcare professionals agree that surgery, adjuvant treatments, and breast reconstruction represent the most important decisions to be made. Worry, anxiety, optimism, and trust in healthcare professionals were determined as factors that most affected patients subjective experiences of the illness. This HTA was used as the basis for developing a PDA software program.

Conclusions: The SR and QR used in the development of this PDA for breast cancer allowed patients to access information, gain additional knowledge of their illness, make shared treatment decisions, and gave healthcare professionals a deeper insight into patient experiences of the disease.
Ethical Issues in Disasters
Authors: Lateef Fatimah
Published: October 2011

A disaster is a situation that overwhelms the local population’s capacity to respond, thus necessitating a request for assistance from outside the impacted area. In these circumstances, needs usually outweigh resources. The objective of response is to do the greatest good for the greatest number of people (the utilitarian principle). As such, some unique ethical considerations will arise that are not seen in day-to-day practice.

The adoption of medical ethics principles is important in such situations, but certain provisions must be accepted. In large-scale, complex disasters, it may be impossible to provide optimal care to each patient. This paper will discuss some of the challenges for healthcare personnel at “ground zero”, how training in preventive ethics may help, and what principles can be applied when working in disaster-affected areas or when responding to disasters.
Social Cognition Impairments in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Henry Audrey , Tourbah Ayman , Chaunu Marie-Pierre , Rumbach Lucien , Montreuil Michèle , Bakchine Serge
Published: October 2011

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute independent mental states to self and others to explain and predict behavior. Impairment of ToM is well established in developmental pathologies. In neurological populations, investigation of ToM is still rare but data suggest that ToM impairment could contribute to behavioral and social disturbances. In addition to neurological signs, multiple sclerosis (MS) presents with disorders of cognition and behavior directly related to brain damage. The aim of this study was to assess ToM abilities and recognition of facial emotional expression in adults with MS. We compared 64 patients with relapsing MS and 30 matched healthy controls on three levels of ToM tasks, a facial emotion recognition task, and a neuropsychological assessment. MS patients performed significantly worse than controls in emotion recognition and all ToM tasks (p < .02). These deficits were not correlated with demographic variables or neuropsychological test performance. These findings underscore the importance of assessing ToM and facial recognition in MS, as dysfunction in these areas may impact upon social interaction and, thus, impair quality of life for both patients with MS and their families. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1122–1131)
Clustering and Switching Strategies During Verbal Fluency Performance Differentiate Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Aging
Authors: Haugrud Nicole , Crossley Margaret , Vrbancic Mirna
Published: October 2011

Clustering and switching strategies during phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tasks as defined by Troyer et al. (1997), Abwender et al. (2001), and Lanting et al. (2009) were compared using archival data to determine which scoring procedures best differentiate healthy older adults (n = 26) from individuals with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 26). Total word production showed the largest group difference, especially for semantic fluency. The AD group produced fewer switches when compared to the healthy control group, whereas the groups did not differ in cluster size. The AD group also accessed fewer novel semantic subcategories, presumably due to reduced access to semantic memory storage rather than lower processing speed. Clustering and switching scores on the phonemic task did not add information above total words produced, consistent with previous research indicating these variables are most informative in relation to semantic fluency. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1153–1157)
Bridging Gaps in Imaging by Applying EM Tomography and Serial Block Face SEM, Including a New Genetically Encoded Tag for Correlated Light and 3D Electron Microscopy of Intact Cells, Tissues and Organisms: Integrating the Resulting Correlated Image Data Using the Whole Brain Catalog
Authors: Ellisman M , Shu X , Lev-Ram V , Deerinck T , Tsien R , Lamont S , Martinez J , Berlanga M , Bushong E , Martone M , Larson S
Published: October 2011

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
The Olfactory System: An Emerging Model For Studying Cilipoathies
Authors: Rodriguez-Gil D
Published: October 2011

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Real-Time Imaging of Bone Marrow Granulocyte Mobilization in Response to TLR Agonists Demonstrates a Necessity for Stromal TLR4
Authors: Myers J , Griewe J , Rivera N , Huang A
Published: October 2011

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Monitoring Immune Cell Infiltration in the Brain with Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy
Authors: Barkauskas D , Othman Y , Huang A
Published: October 2011

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Nanometer-Scale Electron Microscopy of Proteins in Liquid
Authors: Mirsaidov U , Zheng H , Casana Y , Matsudaira P
Published: October 2011

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Molecular Piracy via Capsid Size Determination by Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity Island 1
Authors: Spilman M , Dearborn A , Chang J , Damle P , Christie G , Dokland T
Published: October 2011

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.