bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium
Authors: Clarke Caroline S. , Haynes Delia A. , Rawson Jeremy M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Advanced Electron Microscopy and Its Possibilities to Solve Complex Structures: Application to Transition Metal Oxides
Authors: Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Hadermann Joke , Abakumov Artem M. , Antipov Evgeny V.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Chemistry of Bi‐ and Polymetallic Complexes
Authors: King Philip J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA‐Based Routes to Semiconducting Nanomaterials
Authors: Houlton Andrew , Pike Andrew R. , Galindo Miguel Angel , Horrocks Benjamin R.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis with Chiral Primary Amine‐Based Organocatalysts
Authors: Xu Li‐Wen , Luo Jie , Lu Yixin
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent Effects on the Electronic Structure of Siloles
Authors: Zhan Xiaowei , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes — Organocatalysts Displaying Diverse Modes of Action
Authors: Zeitler K.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acid Promoted Ullmann‐Type Coupling Reactions and Their Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Cai Qian , Zhang Hui , Zou Benli , Xie Xiaoan , Zhu Wei , He Gang , Wang Jing , Pan Xianhua , Chen Yu , Yuan Qiliang , et al. et al.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Alkyne Carbonylation
Authors: Doherty Simon , Knight Julian G. , Smyth Catherine H.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Two‐Phase Carbonylation
Authors: Selent Detlef
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemistry: C—C Coupling and Asymmetric Reduction by Innovative Catalysis
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Mo Jun , Li Xiaohong , Hyder Zeyn , Xiao Jianliang
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recoverable, Soluble Polymer‐Supported Organic Catalysts
Authors: Benaglia M.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalysis by Hydrogen‐Bonding Networks
Authors: Berkessel A.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalysis on a Technical Scale: Current Status and Future Challenges
Authors: Groeger H.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Organocatalytic C—C Bond Formations
Authors: Enders D. , Huettl M. R. M. , Niemeier O.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Aryl‐Aryl Couplings for the Construction of Oligophenylenes and Related Heteroaromatics.
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Molecular Diversity from the Intramolecular Ugi Reaction: Iterative Efficiency in Medicinal Chemistry.
Authors: Hulme C. , Dietrich J.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymerization Reactions in Porous Coordination Polymers
Authors: Uemura Takashi , Yanai Nobuhiro , Kitagawa Susumu
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: How Drug Photodegradation Studies Led to the Promise of New Therapies and Some Fundamental Carbanion Reaction Dynamics Along the Way
Authors: Cosa Gonzalo , Lukeman Matthew , Scaiano J. C.
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly of PEO‐Functionalized Perylene Bisimides: Supramolecular Diversity from a Limited Set of Molecular Building Blocks
Authors: Gebers Jan , Rolland Damien , Frauenrath Holger
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Assignment of Absolute Stereostructures through Quantum Chemical Circular Dichroism Calculations.
Authors: Bringmann Gerhard , Bruhn Torsten , Maksimenka Katja , Hemberger Yasmin
Published: July 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electric Microfield Distributions in Alkali Plasmas with Account of the Ion Structure
Authors: Sadykova S. P. , Ebeling W. , Valuev I. , Sokolov I. M.
Published: July 2009

The electric microfield distributions at the location of an ion have been calculated using a coupling parameter integration technique for Alkali plasma (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) proposed by Ortner et al. [1] and Monte‐Carlo simulations. Electric microfield distributions are studied in a frame of the Hellmann‐Gurskii‐Krasko pseudopotential model, taking into account the quantum‐mechanical effects and the ion shell structure [2]. For determination of the radial distribution function the screened Hellmann‐Gurskii‐Krasko pseudopotential in the Debye approximation taking into account not only the quantum‐mechanical effects, the ion shell structure but screening field effects has been used [3]. For the Hellmann‐Gurskii‐Krasko pseudopotential model the results obtained for the microfield in the framework of the Ortner model are found in a good agreement with the Monte‐Carlo simulations (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability of resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone in adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment
Authors: Miskovic Vladimir , Schmidt Louis A. , Georgiades Katholiki , Boyle Michael , MacMillan Harriet L.
Published: July 2009

The experience of child maltreatment is a known risk factor for the development of psychopathology. Structural and functional modifications of neural systems implicated in stress and emotion regulation may provide one mechanism linking early adversity with later outcome. The authors examined two well‐documented biological markers of stress vulnerability [resting frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone] in a group of adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment (n = 38; M age = 14.47) and their age‐matched non‐maltreated (n = 25; M age = 14.00) peers. Maltreated females exhibited greater relative right frontal EEG activity and lower cardiac vagal tone than controls over a 6‐month period. In addition, frontal EEG asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone remained stable in the maltreated group across the 6 months, suggesting that the neurobiological correlates of maltreatment may not simply reflect dynamic, short‐term changes but more long lasting alterations. The present findings appear to be the first to demonstrate stability of two biologically based stress‐vulnerability measures in a maltreated population. Findings are discussed in terms of plasticity within the neural circuits of emotion regulation during the early childhood period and alternative causal models of developmental psychopathology. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 51: 474–487, 2009
Structural and Magnetic Study of a Trinuclear MnII–GdIII–MnII Complex
Authors: Costes Jean‐Pierre , Garcia‐Tojal Javier , Tuchagues Jean‐Pierre , Vendier Laure
Published: July 2009

The synthesis, structural determination and magnetic study of a trinuclear MnII–GdIII–MnII complex involving a Schiff base ligand are described. The structural study demonstrates that the complex presents a linear arrangement of the Mn and Gd ions, with hexacoordinate Mn ions in slightly distorted or distorted trigonal prism environments and nine‐coordinate gadolinium ions. The Mn and Gd ions are linked by two phenoxido bridges for one Mn–Gd subunit and two phenoxido plus one nitrato bridges for the other Mn–Gd subunit. Ferromagnetic interactions operate in the complex. The best fit takes into account two different J constants and D and E zero‐field splitting terms. A strict 3d‐5d(Gd) orthogonality is not possible in the present complex because all 3d orbitals of the Mn ions are occupied, which does agree with the weak value of the JMn,Gd parameter. Oxidation of this complex does not yield the corresponding MnIII–GdIII–MnIII entity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Voltammetry of Os(VI)‐Modified Polysaccharides at Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Trefulka Mojmír , Paleček Emil
Published: July 2009

We show that polysaccharides (PSs, such as dextran and mannan) can be chemically modified by Os(VI) complexes, yielding electroactive adducts. Os(VI) complexes with different ligands (e.g., temed and 2,2′‐bipyridine) produced at pyrolytic graphite electrodes redox couples at different potentials suitable for “multicolor” labeling of PSs and for studies of ligand exchange kinetics. PS‐Os(VI)L adducts can be determined not only in their purified forms but also in the reaction mixtures.
Voltammetric Determination of Azidothymidine Using Silver Solid Amalgam Electrodes
Authors: Pecková Karolina , Navrátil Tomáš , Yosypchuk Bogdan , Moreira Josino Costa , Leandro Katia Christina , Barek Jiří
Published: July 2009

A new simple and direct electroanalytical method was developed for the determination of azidothymidine in commercial pharmaceutical preparations. It is based on differential pulse voltammetry at silver solid amalgam electrode with polished surface (p‐AgSAE) or surface modified by mercury meniscus (m‐AgSAE). The electroreduction of azidothymidine in basic media at these electrodes gives rise to one irreversible cathodic peak. Its potential in 0.05 mol L−1 borate buffer, pH 9.3 at ca. −1050 mV is comparable to that using hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). Achieved limits of quantitation are in the 10−7 mol L−1 concentration range for both amalgam electrodes. According to the procedure based on the standard addition technique, the recoveries of known amounts of azidothymidine contained in pharmaceutical preparations available in capsules were 101.4±1.8% (m‐AgSAE), 100.3±3.5% (p‐AgSAE) and 102.0±1.0% (HMDE) (n=10). There was no significant difference between the values gained by proposed voltammetric methods and the HPLC‐UV recommended by the United States Pharmacopoeia regarding the mean values and standard deviations.
Preparation, Proton Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Nafion 117–Zirconium Phosphate Sulphophenylphosphonate Composite Membranes
Authors: Casciola M. , Capitani D. , Donnadio A. , Frittella V. , Pica M. , Sganappa M.
Published: July 2009

Nafion–zirconium phosphate (ZrP) composite membranes, containing 20 to 40 wt.‐% ZrP were treated with aqueous solutions of meta‐sulphophenylphosphonic acid (H2SPP) in order to functionalise the filler particles with strongly acidic sulphonic groups. The functionalised samples (Nafion/ZrSPP) were characterised by 31P MAS NMR, water uptake determinations, stress–strain mechanical tests and conductivity measurements. The Nafion/ZrSPP membranes are more hydrophilic than Nafion 117 and stiffer than the parent Nafion/ZrP membranes: at room temperature, the elastic modulus of the membranes with 20 and 40 wt.‐% ZrP increases from 191 and 329 N mm–2 to 342 and 470 N mm–2, respectively, after functionalisation. At 100 °C and in the RH range of 30–90% the conductivity of the Nafion/ZrSPP membranes decreases with the increase in the filler loading, being however always higher than that of the parent Nafion/ZrP membranes and nearly coincident with that of Nafion 117. Conductivity measurements as a function of temperature in the range of 80–150 °C showed that, at 90% RH, the conductivity of the Nafion/ZrSPP membranes is stable up to 140 °C thus indicating a better dimensional stability of the composite membrane in comparison with neat Nafion 117.
Magnetotomography and Electric Currents in a Fuel Cell
Authors: Lustfeld H. , Reißel M. , Steffen B.
Published: July 2009

Magnetotomography, applied to fuel cells, gives rise to several questions: first, how well can the electric current density in the fuel cell be reconstructed by measuring its external magnetic field? It is quite clear that the connection between magnetic field and current alone will lead to ambiguous results. Two further relations lead to unique reconstruction: the continuity equation and Ohm's law. Second, application of Ohm's law in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a fuel cell – is it not a questionable procedure? We show that in the MEA Ohm's law is not needed, when applying a rather mild approximation, we call it the ‘thin MEA approximation'. The advantage of this is the linear relation between magnetic field and electric current density, not only in the neighbourhood of the operating point but over the whole range. Third, can a functional connection be derived between resolution of the current density and the precision requirements of the measurement devices? We present a procedure leading to a unique relation between the two. This procedure can be extended to finding the optimum measuring positions, thus essentially decreasing the number of measuring points, and thus the time scale of measurable dynamical disturbances, all this without a loss of fine resolution. We present explicit numerical results for two geometries, typical for DMFC and PEMFC fuel cells.
Maternal pre‐ and postnatal anxiety and infant temperament. The generation R study
Authors: Henrichs Jens , Schenk Jacqueline J. , Schmidt Henk G. , Velders Fleur P. , Hofman Albert , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Verhulst Frank C. , Tiemeier Henning
Published: July 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal anxiety that is temporary or chronic during the pre‐ and postnatal period predicts infant temperament. Mothers of 2997 infants in a population‐based birth cohort reported levels of pregnancy‐specific anxiety (Pregnancy Outcome Questionnaire) and general anxiety symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory) prenatal and at 6 months postnatal. Temperament characteristics were assessed by maternal report using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire—Revised when the infants were 6 months of age. Maternal pregnancy‐specific and general anxiety during the pre‐ and postnatal period were all independently associated with perceived infant temperamental difficulties. Chronically high maternal anxiety predicted the highest perceived infant activity level and negative affectivity. These findings show that different forms of maternal anxiety during both the pre‐ and postnatal period are independently related to perceived temperamental problems in infancy. They also emphasize the significance of chronic maternal anxiety for infant mental health. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous‐time models, realized volatilities, and testable distributional implications for daily stock returns
Authors: Andersen Torben G. , Bollerslev Tim , Frederiksen Per , Ørregaard Nielsen Morten
Published: July 2009

We provide an empirical framework for assessing the distributional properties of daily speculative returns within the context of the continuous‐time jump diffusion models traditionally used in asset pricing finance. Our approach builds directly on recently developed realized variation measures and non‐parametric jump detection statistics constructed from high‐frequency intra‐day data. A sequence of simple‐to‐implement moment‐based tests involving various transformations of the daily returns speak directly to the importance of different distributional features, and may serve as useful diagnostic tools in the specification of empirically more realistic continuous‐time asset pricing models. On applying the tests to the 30 individual stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average index, we find that it is important to allow for both time‐varying diffusive volatility, jumps, and leverage effects to satisfactorily describe the daily stock price dynamics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical aging and the creep behavior of acrylic bone cements
Authors: Kuzmychov Oleksii , Koplin Christof , Jaeger Raimund , Büchner Hubert , Gopp Udo
Published: July 2009

The creep deformation of two acrylic bone cements, Palacos® R+G and SmartSet® GHV, was investigated for different physical aging times ranging from 45 min to 2 ½ years. The experiments were carried out in a three‐point‐bending set‐up in 37°C Ringer's solution applying 10 MPa or 25 MPa creep loads. Both bone cements exhibit a significant decrease of their creep compliance with increasing physical aging time. The experimental data were analyzed with a creep law discussed in the context of physical aging by Struik, and a modified Burgers' model which can be used to separate the strain response of the bone cements into an elastic, a visco‐elastic and a creep component. The creep behavior of the bone cements could be described essentially with only one parameter of Struik's creep law. The analysis with the modified Burgers' model showed that physical aging influences all model parameters which are directly related to the mobility of the polymer chains. The effect of physical aging should be taken into account particularly if the mechanical performance of bone cements shortly after curing is investigated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Material properties of a maxillofacial chlorinated polyethylene elastomer stored in simulated skin secretions
Authors: Eleni Panagiota N. , Krokida Magdalini K. , Polyzois Gregory L. , Gettleman Lawrence
Published: July 2009

Statement of Problem: Facial prostheses deteriorate in a service environment primary due to exposition to various environmental factors, including sebaceous oils (sebum) and perspiration. Purpose: This study investigated the physical properties of an experimental, facial prosthetic after immersion for 6 months in simulated sebum, and perspiration at 37°C. Material and Methods: Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) specimens were immersed in simulated perspiration as well as in sebum. Compression tests were conducted on a Zwick testing machine. Shore A hardness measurements were carried out in a CV digital Shore A durometer. Melting and glass transition temperatures were evaluated with a differential scanning calorimeter. Weight changes were measured and color changes were determined in the CIE LAB system using a MiniScan XE spectrophotometer. Simple mathematical models were developed to correlate the measured properties with immersion time. The data were also subjected to analyses of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey multiple range tests at a level of α = 0.05. Results: Specimens immersed in perspiration became harder due to facilitation of the propagation of cross‐linking reaction that probably occurred during aging of the CPE samples. Some weight increase was observed for the specimens immersed into the aqueous solutions, whereas for those immersed in sebum, weight loss was recorded, probably because of extraction of some compounds. The color change was higher for the specimens immersed in sebum than that corresponding to simulated perspiration. Conclusions: The chlorinated polyethylene specimens aged for a period, which simulates 1.5 years of clinical service1, showed significant deformations in their physical properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Stem cell antigen‐1+ cell‐based bone morphogenetic protein‐4 gene transfer strategy in mice failed to promote endosteal bone formation
Authors: Hall Susan L. , Chen Shin‐Tai , Gysin Reinhard , Gridley Daila S. , Mohan Subburaman , Lau K.‐H. William
Published: July 2009

Background

This study assessed whether a Sca‐1+ cell‐based ex vivo gene transfer strategy, which has been shown to promote robust endosteal bone formation with a modified fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF2) gene, can be extended to use with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2/4 hybrid gene.

Methods

Sublethally irradiated recipient mice were transplanted with lentiviral (LV)‐BMP2/4‐transduced Sca‐1+ cells. Bone parameters were monitored by pQCT and µCT. Gene expression was assessed by the real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Recipient mice of LV‐BMP2/4‐transduced Sca‐1+ cells yielded high engraftment and increased BMP4 mRNA levels in marrow cells; but exhibited only insignificant increases in serum and bone alkaline phosphatase activity compared to control mice. pQCT and µCT analyses of femurs showed that, with the exception of small changes in trabecular bone mineral density and cortical bone mineral content in LV‐BMP2/4 mice, there were no differences in measured bone parameters between mice of the LV‐BMP2/4 group and controls. The lack of large endosteal bone formation effects with the BMP4 strategy could not be attributed to ineffective engraftment or expansion of BMP4‐expressing Sca‐1+ cells, an inability of the transduced cells to secrete active BMP4 proteins, or to use of the LV‐based vector.

Conclusions

Sca‐1+ cell‐based BMP4 ex vivo strategy did not promote robust endosteal bone formation, raising the possibility of intrinsic differences between FGF2‐ and BMP4‐based strategies in their ability to promote endosteal bone formation. It emphasizes the importance of choosing an appropriate bone growth factor gene for delivery by this Sca‐1+ cell‐based ex vivo systemic gene transfer strategy to promote bone formation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies for risks presented by obese patients in the ED
Authors: Abke Ann
Published: July 2009

Regardless of whether bariatric services or surgeries are offered at a health care facility, it is important to evaluate every emergency department's capability to appropriately assess, monitor and treat extremely obese patients. As the general population is growing in numbers as well as weight, having the appropriate equipment as well as understanding the special needs of the bariatric, or extremely obese, patient will go along way to avoiding unnecessary frustrations and possibly jeopardizing patient care. This article will assist in identifying possible risks in an ED for patients and suggest strategies for facing these risks.
New standards to improve catheter stabilization and patient and worker safety
Authors: Schears Gregory
Published: July 2009

The 2006 version of the Infusion Nursing Society (INS) Standards of Practice contains important changes to the society's recommendations for catheter stabilization. Some previously recommended stabilization methods are no longer endorsed, and one method ‐ manufactured catheter stabilization devices ‐ has emerged as the preferred method over all others. The literature cited in the document suggests that implementation of the revised standards should be an effective risk management strategy where catheter stabilization is concerned.
Leading the way to professional success
Authors: Smith Paul English
Published: July 2009

One of the goals contained in the ASHRM Strategic Plan for 2007–2009 is to develop the risk management professional in a changing healthcare environment. The goal is tremendously important to all of us.
Including patients in root cause and system failure analysis: Legal and psychological implications
Authors: Zimmerman Theresa M. , Amori Geraldine
Published: July 2009

The act of open disclosure of an adverse event alone may not be enough for patients or their families. Patients and patient advocates are asking for increased transparency and a greater role in the process of change. When properly handled, involving patients in post‐event analysis allows risk management professionals to further improve their organization's systems analysis process while empowering patients to be part of the solution. This article examines the legal and psychological considerations surrounding the involvement of patients in system failure analysis and provides tools for selecting patients who are able to benefit from this process and for adequately preparing patients and caregivers for what lies ahead.
Partnering with technology to reduce OB losses
Authors: Smith Larry L. , Berry Dorothy
Published: July 2009

Following a catastrophic birth injury that occurred as a result of deviations from the expected standards of care, the OB Risk Reduction Task Force of a healthcare network identified criteria to transform care at the bedside from theory to practice: 1) protocol‐driven, real‐time alerts to help healthcare providers meet clinical guidelines; and 2) the ability to produce reliable data to monitor and measure adherence to accepted standards of care. The group selected a technological solution to achieve that end. This case study illustrates how a strong partnership model between healthcare and technology solution providers can achieve much when both parties are focused on the same goals of performance improvement and active risk reduction.
Viewing the candidates as risk managers
Authors: Borg Douglas J.
Published: July 2009

After one of the most chaotic political primary seasons that we've seen in many years, election season began early this time around. It promises to be one of the most entertaining in decades as we head towards the respective national conventions in late summer. The candidates are touting “change” as one of the central themes for their campaigns, but I must say that a more appropriate word might be “choice.” I doubt that there has ever been a more diverse field of candidates.
Life: Coming to grips with the balancing act
Authors: Borg Douglas J.
Published: July 2009

At the Annual Conference & Exhibition this fall in Boston, I met a young man who took the time to tell me that he had enjoyed my last President's Message. He appreciated what I had to say about the importance of relationships, and he suggested that I write about work/life balance. He had a young family, and he seemed to be struggling with the competing priorities of work and home.
Torts to contract¿ moving from informed consent to shared decision‐making
Authors: Monico Edward P. , Calise Arthur , Calabro Joseph
Published: July 2009

Many claims of medical malpractice arise from a breakdown in communication between physician and patient. As a result, medical decision‐making may change from an informed consent model to a shared decision‐making strategy. Shared decision‐making, a contract derivative, will trigger contract obligations and change the face of medical malpractice from tort to contract.
Implications of the inpatient prospective payment system final rules
Authors: Carroll Roberta
Published: July 2009

This article was prepared in response to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) publication of the Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) Final Rules for FY 2008 and 2009 which placed additional requirements on hospitals for certain hospital‐acquired conditions. This article addresses these rulings and the implications for healthcare facilities, including strategies for dealing with challenges created by the rulings.
Assessment of macrophage infiltration in a Murine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Turner Gregory H. , Olzinski Alan R. , Bernard Roberta E. , Aravindhan Karpagam , Boyle Ryan J. , Newman Matt J. , Gardner Scott D. , Willette Robert N. , Gough Peter J. , Jucker Beat M.
Published: July 2009

Purpose

To evaluate the use of an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) contrast agent as a marker for the detection of macrophage in a preclinical abdominal aortic aneurysm animal (AAA) model.

Materials and Methods

Osmotic pumps were implanted subcutaneously in apoE−/− mice for continuous infusion of Angiotensin II (Ang‐II). Weekly bright‐blood gradient echo scans were performed on the suprarenal abdominal aorta to evaluate aneurysm development. Once an AAA was detected, animals were administered 1000 μmol/kg of the USPIO contrast agent ferumoxtran‐10 (Combidex®) followed by in vivo scanning 24 h post‐USPIO administration. After in vivo imaging, aortas were harvested for ex vivo imaging, histology, iron quantification, and gene expression analysis.

Results

Reduced signal intensity was evident in the post‐USPIO transverse images of the abdominal aorta. The areas of reduced signal were primarily along the aneurysm shoulder and outer perianeurysm areas and corresponded to regions of macrophage infiltration and colocalized USPIO determination by means of histological staining. The absolute iron content measured significantly correlated to the area of signal reduction in the ex vivo images (r = 0.9; P < 0.01). In the AAA tissue, the macrophage‐driven cytokine gene expression was up‐regulated along with a matrix metalloproteinase known to mediate extracellular matrix breakdown in this disease model.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate the feasibility of using an USPIO contrast agent as a surrogate for detecting the acute inflammatory process involved in the development of abdominal aneurysms. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:455–460. Published by Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myocardial T2 quantitation in patients with iron overload at 3 Tesla
Authors: Guo Hua , Au Wing‐Yan , Cheung Jerry S. , Kim Daniel , Jensen Jens H. , Khong Pek‐Lan , Chan Queenie , Chan Kevin C. , Tosti Christina , Tang Haiying , Brown Truman R. , Lam Wynnie W.M. , Ha Shau‐Yin , Brittenham Gary M. , Wu Ed X.
Published: July 2009

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of measuring myocardial T2 at 3 Tesla for assessment of tissue iron in thalassemia major and other iron overloaded patients.

Materials and Methods

A single‐breathhold electrocardiogram‐triggered black‐blood multi‐echo spin‐echo (MESE) sequence with a turbo factor of 2 was implemented at 3 Tesla (T). Myocardial and liver T2 values were measured with three repeated breathholds in 8 normal subjects and 24 patients. Their values, together with the T2* values measured using a breathhold multi‐echo gradient‐echo sequence, were compared with those at 1.5T in the same patients.

Results

At 3T, myocardial T2 was found to be 39.6 ± 7.4 ms in normal subjects. In patients, it ranged from 12.9 to 50.1 ms. T2 and T2* were observed to correlate in heart (ρ = 0.93, ρ < 0.0001) and liver (P = 0.95, P < 0.0001). Myocardial T2 and T2* at 3T were also highly correlated with the 1.5T measurements. Preliminary results indicated that myocardial T2 quantitation was relatively insensitive to B1 variation, and reproducible with 3.2% intra‐exam and 3.8% inter‐exam variations.

Conclusion

Myocardial T2 quantitation is feasible at 3T. Given the substantially decreased T2* and increased B0 inhomogeneity, the rapid myocardial T2 measurement protocol demonstrated here may present a robust alternative to study cardiac iron overload at 3T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:394–400. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance (MR) differential diagnosis of breast tumors using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on 1.5‐T
Authors: Tsushima Yoshito , Takahashi‐Taketomi Ayako , Endo Keigo
Published: July 2009

To review the published reports concerning the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value evaluation for the differentiation between malignant and benign breast tumors, articles were searched with the inclusion criteria: (a) a 1.5‐T unit was used; (b) the diagnostic criteria were clearly stated; (c) diffusion‐weighted images (DWIs) were obtained, and ADC value was calculated; (d) ADC values of breast tumors were reported with mean ± standard deviation (SD). Meta‐analysis from 12 articles revealed that the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.91) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.69–0.84), respectively, and that only the maximum b factor correlated with the mean ADC values of malignant and benign tumors, and the noncancerous breast tissue (P< 0.05,P < 0.01,P< 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, ADC evaluation is useful for the differentiation between malignant and benign breast tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:249–255. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Usefulness of the application of the BLADE technique to reduce motion artifacts on navigation‐triggered prospective acquisition correction (PACE) T2‐weighted MRI (T2WI) of the liver
Authors: Nanko Sumire , Oshima Hidekazu , Watanabe Takeshi , Sasaki Shigeru , Hara Masaki , Shibamoto Yuta
Published: July 2009

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of the application of the BLADE (Siemens, Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) technique, a technique to reduce motion artifacts, on navigator‐triggered prospective acquisition correction (PACE) T2‐weighted MRI (T2WI) of the liver.

Materials and Methods

Twenty‐three consecutive patients with a total of 57 localized hepatic diseases (39 malignant, 18 benign) and 57 patients without hepatic lesion underwent MR study during eupnea. The images were assessed quantitatively by calculating the liver–lesion contrast. Two subjective analyses were also performed. Two observers independently assessed the image quality and the confidence level of the detection and characterization of hepatic nodules using a five‐point scale. Statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon matched‐pairs test except for the diagnostic performance evaluated with jackknife alternative free‐response receiver operating characteristic (JAFROC) analysis.

Results

There was no significant difference in the mean liver–lesion contrast between the PACE T2WI with BLADE (T2WI‐BLADE) (mean ± SD = 0.29 ± 0.14) and that without BLADE (0.30 ± 0.14) (P = 0.39). Visual assessment of PACE T2WI‐BLADE (4.8 ± 0.47) was superior to that without BLADE (4.3 ± 0.8) (P < 0.0001), although there were no significant differences in detecting and characterizing hepatic lesions using JAFROC analysis.

Conclusion

The BLADE technique could improve image quality by reducing motion artifacts on hepatic MRI without affecting the diagnostic performance. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:321–326. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord during sensory stimulation in diabetic rats
Authors: Malisza Krisztina L. , Jones Cheryl , Gruwel Marco L.H. , Foreman Derek , Fernyhough Paul , Calcutt Nigel A.
Published: July 2009

Purpose

To determine if differences exist between control and diabetic rats in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity of the spinal cord and if fMRI can provide a means of early detection of diabetic neuropathy.

Materials and Methods

fMRI of the spinal cord, using noxious electrical stimulation (15 V (∼8 mA), 0.3 msec, 3 Hz) of the hind paw, was performed in groups of control and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced type 1 diabetic rats.

Results

Diabetic rats were lighter, hyperglycemic, and had lower blood pH than controls. fMRI activity at the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord was identified in the dorsal horn ipsilateral to stimulus of all animals. Signal intensity changes across the lumbar spinal cord during periods of activity were not significantly different between control and diabetic rats, with a trend toward greater signal changes in controls. When specific regions of the spinal cord were analyzed, control rats exhibited significantly increased blood–oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) fMRI activity in both ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal horn compared to diabetic rats.

Conclusion

The results of this study are consistent with reports that primary afferent input to the spinal cord is diminished by diabetes, and suggest that BOLD fMRI may be useful in early detection of diabetic neuropathy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:271–276. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance angiography findings of penile Mondor's disease
Authors: Boscolo‐Berto Rafael , Iafrate Massimo , Casarrubea Giuseppe , Ficarra Vincenzo
Published: July 2009

A 53‐year‐old male was admitted to our Emergency Department affected by a contemporary high‐flow priapism and induration on the dorsal penile surface, in consequence of a prior transrectal prostate biopsy performed 2 weeks earlier on the basis of a suspicion of prostate cancer. We describe a penile Mondor's disease (penile superficial dorsal vein thrombosis) of uncertain pathogenesis involving the penile superficial vein, and employing a careful diagnostic pathway by using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). In the literature many reports described pulsed‐ and color‐Doppler ultrasonography classical findings about penile Mondor's disease. For the first time we report the pathognomonic features of penile Mondor's disease on MRA, which may be considered a useful and comprehensive tool to deepen the analysis only in the case of a complex clinical picture such as the one presented. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:407–410. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pineal volume and circadian melatonin profile in healthy volunteers: An interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Nölte Ingo , Lütkhoff Ann‐Theres , Stuck Boris A. , Lemmer Björn , Schredl Michael , Findeisen Peter , Groden Christoph
Published: July 2009

Purpose

To correlate pineal parenchyma volume (PP) to circadian melatonin profiles and to determine the 24‐hour melatonin per volume of pineal tissue (MLPV). Furthermore, we compared melatonin profiles of cystic and solid glands.

Methods

In 15 healthy male subjects (20–27 years) the PP was determined using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (trueFISP, isotropic voxel: 0.8 mm3). Melatonin plasma concentrations (MC) were determined every 2 hours for 24 hours.

Results

Mean PP was 125 ± 54 mm3. PP correlated linearly to maximum MC and to 24‐hour melatonin (r = 0.61 and r = 0.64, P < 0.05) but not to minimum MC. The 24‐hour melatonin was 653 ± 242.6 pg/mL, MLPV was 5.8 ± 2.3 pg/mL*ml−1. Nine pineal glands were solid and six were cystic. PP of solid glands showed higher linear correlations to maximum melatonin, to 24‐hour melatonin, and to the slope of the melatonin increase of the curve (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

PP correlates linearly to melatonin plasma concentrations in humans. MLPV displays similar interindividual differences as 24‐hour melatonin. PP of solid glands show better correlation to melatonin profiles than cystic. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phase behaviour of microemulsions with lubricant base oil as the oil phase
Authors: Lu Ya , Guo Ting
Published: July 2009

Appropriate surfactants and co‐surfactants were chosen to prepare a microemulsion system with lubricant base oil as the oil phase. The phase behaviour of the microemulsion at different temperatures and at different oil/water mass ratios was assessed on the basis of conductivity measurements. Microemulsions and a bi‐continuous microstructure were obtained when the oil/water mass ratio was below 0.33. An analysis of the conductivity behaviour of the microemulsions revealed that different conductive mechanisms are operative at different water contents. Activation energies (ΔE) were determined. The results showed that ΔE increases with increasing water content. The data and the derived relationship provided a basis for preparing metalworking microemulsions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous ROMP and ATRP in Aqueous Dispersed Media: A Straightforward Strategy to Prepare Polymer Composite Particles with Original Morphologies
Authors: Airaud Cédric , Ibarboure Emmanuel , Gaillard Cédric , Héroguez Valérie
Published: July 2009

Summary: The simultaneous ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene and atom‐transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate is used as a convenient tool to prepare polymer composite particles in a single step and using a single catalyst. The current article reviews the use of miniemulsion and microemulsion conditions to reach this goal. The two developed approaches are assessed on chemical and colloidal levels and the prepared composite particles are scrutinized from a morphological point of view.
Well‐Defined Poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles via Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Wu Man , Frochot Céline , Dellacherie Edith , Marie Emmanuelle
Published: July 2009

Summary:Despite the high reactivity of the monomer, nanoparticles with a hydrophobic core based on poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) and a hydrophilic shell based on poly(ethylene oxide) PEO were synthesized in one step by miniemulsion polymerization. Colloidal properties of the nanoparticles were controlled by the structure and the amount of amphiphilic polymer in the aqueous phase, while the molecular weight of core depended on pH of the continuous phase and the polymerization mechanism (anionic or radical). The evolution of the molecular weight of the synthesized poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) was followed as a function of time at pH 7.4 by size exclusion chromatography. As expected, the degradation kinetics depended on the polymerization mechanism. Finally, a model compound, pyrene, was encapsulated in the synthesized nanoparticles. Its release was found to depend on the conditions of nanoparticles synthesis, especially on the polymerization mechanism.
Synthesis of Poly(acrylic acid) Nanogels and Application in Loading and Release of an Oligothiophene Fluorophore and Its Bovine Serum Albumin Conjugate
Authors: Argentiere Simona , Blasi Laura , Ciccarella Giuseppe , Barbarella Giovanna , Cingolani Roberto , Gigli Giuseppe
Published: July 2009

Summary: Nanometer‐sized poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogels were synthesized by emulsion polymerization of methyl acrylate and subsequent acid hydrolysis, and their pH‐dependent swelling behaviour was studied by dynamic light scattering. To determine the suitability of PAA nanogels as pH‐sensitive carriers for biomedical applications, loading and release of an oligothiophene fluorophore and its albumin conjugate onto the PAA nanogels were investigated as a function of pH by absorption and photoluminescence measurements. It was observed that loading and release processes of both the oligothiophene and its conjugate could be controlled by changing pH of their solutions.
Morphological Changes Induced by Addition of Polystyrene to Dextran‐Polystyrene Block Copolymer Solutions
Authors: le Meins Jean‐François , Houg Clément , Borsali Redouane , Taton Daniel , Gnanou Yves
Published: July 2009

Summary: In this work we discuss the self‐assembling behaviour in solution of a block copolymer, dextran‐block‐polystyrene, in the presence of homopolystyrene (PS) which allows to decrease the hydrophilic fraction f of the mixture. Dynamic and static light scattering experiments have been carried out in water‐miscible solvents (DMSO and THF) to probe the formation of supramolecular structures. Results have been compared to those obtained with a block copolymer solution having the same hydrophilic fraction f. Interestingly, the morphology of the self‐assembled structures was the same for a given value of f.