bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBERIAN KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT KEPADA PELAKU UMKM: TINJAUAN YURIDIS
Authors: Bunyamin Bunyamin , Mujahidin Mujahidin , Agit Alamsyah
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas perlindungan nasabah bank syariah, penyelesaian kredit macet, dan pemberian Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) kepada UMKM. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti pentingnya aspek hukum dalam sektor perbankan dan dampak kredit macet terhadap bank dan nasabah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif empiris. Pendekatan normatif dijelaskan sebagai pendekatan penelitian yang berdasar pada bahan hukum utama dan telaah teori-teori, konsep-konsep, asas-asas hukum, serta peraturan perundang-undangan yang memiliki relevansi dengan topik penelitian ini. Sementara itu, pendekatan empiris digambarkan sebagai pendekatan penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan fakta-fakta yang terjadi di lapangan secara empiris. Bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dibagi menjadi tiga, yakni bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Hasil penelitian ini membahas pemberian kredit dalam dua bagian utama. Pertama, penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya peran pemerintah dalam mendukung UMKM melalui pemberian bantuan insentif dan akses modal seperti Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR). KUR memungkinkan pemilik UMKM untuk meningkatkan kapasitas produksi dan kinerja mereka secara umum. Kedua, penelitian ini juga menekankan pentingnya aspek hukum dalam sektor perbankan, terutama dalam penyelesaian kredit macet. Penyelesaian kredit macet melalui jalur damai dan hukum sangat penting untuk menjaga keamanan dan keadilan dalam kegiatan perbankan
Gender Controversy in Islamic Education Management (Policy Trends and Inclusion Solutions)
Authors: Alfarizi Salman , Mutmainnah Mutmainnah , Faizah Nur
Published: August 2024

This research aims to explore the strengthening of the role of social institutions in women's empowerment and increasing gender equality. The research method used is mixed-method, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected through observations, in-depth interviews, surveys, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with women aged 15-50, leaders of social institutions, and government officials. The results show that education and training programs organized by social institutions have significantly increased skills, economic independence, and awareness of women's rights. However, cultural resistance and gaps in educational facilities are still major challenges in the implementation of gender equality programs. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of community-based inclusive strategies to overcome cultural resistance and the need for long-term evaluation of women's empowerment programs. In addition, increased collaboration between social institutions, governments, and the private sector is encouraged to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of these programs
Pengaruh Islamic Law System Terhadap Peluang Pemberlakuan Mediasi Penal dalam Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana Indonesia
Authors: Ghofarrozin Abdul , Janah Tutik Nurul
Published: August 2024

This research is normative juridical research. This research is a research library that explores data on legislation and articles on the influence of Islamic law system and opportunities for penal mediation in reformulation of Indonesian criminal law. Basically, penal mediation has not been regulated in the Indonesian penal justice system, except for special criminal cases. For example, criminal matters with juvenile justice system. But in general, the Indonesian criminal justice system is not yet familiar with penal mediation. Penal justice system is usually decided by imprisonment or imprisonment and fines. The Indonesian legal system recognizes only mediation in civil law.This is different from the concept of criminalization in Islamic law. Fiqh jinayah or Islamic criminal law has options in the settlement of criminal cases. That is by choosing qishas or al shulhu (peace). The influence of Islamic law system in Indonesian legal system can be realized from the rules on family law in KHI and Sharia economic law.This influence opens up opportunities for regulations on penal mediation in the reformulation of Indonesian criminal law. And just like family law in KHI which is not adopted textually from Islamic law into positive law of Indonesia. So it should be in the application of penal mediation. Penal mediation becomes a new hope in reformulation or reform of criminal law in Indonesia.Keywords: Islamic Law Sytem, Penal Mediation, Criminal Law Reform.
TINJAUAN HUKUM TERHADAP STATUS DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK HASIL PERKAWINAN CAMPURAN
Authors: Faridy Faridy , Hasanah Muflahatul , Wulandari Fitria
Published: August 2024

Artikel ini membahas tentang tinjauan hukum terhadap status dan perlindungan anak hasil perkawinan campuran. Sebab, hal ini menyangkut status kewarganegaraan sang anak yang lahir dari perkawinan campuran berikut perlindungan pada hak-haknya. Dalam undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 disebutkan bahwa, perkawinan antara dua orang yang di Indonesia tunduk pada hukum yang berlainan, karena perbedaan kewarganegaraan dan salah satu pihak berkewarganegaraan Indonesia. Dengan demikian, anak yang lahir dari perkawinan campuran memiliki kemungkinan bahwa ayah ibunya memiliki kewarganegaraan yang berbeda sehingga status hukum anak yang lahir dari perkawinan campuran, akan tunduk pada dua yurisdiksi hukum yang berbeda. Undang – Undang No. 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan RI, menetapkan asas-asas kewarganegaraan universal, yaitu asas Ius Sanguinis, Iusoli dan Campuran. Berdasarkan ketentuan ini, anak dari hasil perkawinan campuran mendapat hak untuk menentukan atau memilih kewarganegaraan. Akan tetapi hak ini, hanya bisa diberikan jika telah memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan setelah berusia 18 tahun. Selanjutnya, ketentuan yang mengatur untuk memilih kewarganegaraan kepada anak hasil perkawinan campuran diberikan hanya pada anak yang tercatat atau didaftarkan di Kantor Imigrasi. Sedangkan yang tidak terdaftar tidak mendapatkan hak-hak seperti yang dinyatakan dalan UU No.12 Tahun 2006 Tentang KewarganegaraanKata kunci : Hukum, Perlindungan Anak dan Perkawinan Campuran
KEDUDUKAN HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (HKI) DALAM SISTEM HUKUM NASIONAL
Authors: Wijaya Temmy , Zain Diky Zehru , Anam Khairul
Published: August 2024

Artikel ini mengkaji tentang hak kekayaan intelektual secara hokum. Bagaimana kedudukan hak kekayaan intelektual dalam system hokum nasional. Dalam sitem hokum nasional, HKI telah memiliki paying hokum yang kuat sebagai bentuk pengakuan Negara dan pemerintah terhadap kreativitas anak bangsa. Perangkat peraturan perundang-undangan yang menjadi HKI di Indonesia ialah UU No 19 tahun 2002 tentang Hak Cipta, UU No. 14 tahun 2001 tentang Paten, UU No. 15 tahun 2001 tentang Hak Merk. Sedangkan perlindungan varientas baru tanaman diatur dalam UU No. 29 tahun 2000, Rahasia dagang diatur dalam UU No. 30 tahun 2000 dan Desain industry di atur dalam UU No. 31 tahun 2000.Kata Kunci: Kedudikan, HKI, dan Hukum Nasional
ANALISIS TATA KELOLA HASIL PERTANIAN KOPI BERKUALITAS EKSPOR
Authors: Sembiring Ruth Agnesia , Silitonga Veri Samaria
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis tata kelola hasil pertanian kopi berkualitas ekspor di Kecamatan Dampit. Pentingnya analisis tata kelola hasil pertanian kopi di Kecamatan Dampit, karena dapat meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat khususnya penghasilan petani kopi, dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan sumber ekspor kopi dari Kabupaten Malang dan juga dapat lebih memperbaiki struktur pengolahan hasil pertanian kopi yang baik. Metode yang digunakan peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Dalam menjabarkan analisis tata kelola dalam pengelolahan kopi Dampit berkualitas ekspor, peneliti menggunakan Good Governance, yang dimana ada tiga indikator yang terkait yakni, pemerintah, swasta dan masyarakat. Temuan peneliti ini menunjukkan bahwa BPP Dampit sebagai bagian dari pemerintah memberikan penyuluhan-penyuluhan tentang budidaya tanam yang diberikan kepada masyarakat. Swasata yakni PT Asal Jaya terlibat dalam pendanaan, membuka askes pasar dan menjual produk kopi ke pasar global. Pemerintah dan swasta sama-sama memberikan alat pertanian modern untuk meningkatkan hasil panen kopi. Masyarakat juga memiliki peran dalam menghasilkan kopi dan melaksanakan program-program penyuluhan yang diberikan. Dari tata kelola tersebut, produksi kopi berkualitas eksport meningkat dan kopi asal Dampit telah memiliki sertifikasi 4C. Pemerintah telah menciptakan mekanisme resmi pemasaran kopi ke luar negeri, namun pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah masih lemah dalam menciptakan mekanisme harga komoditas kopi di pasar nasional dan belum mampu mengatasi penurunan harga kopi di pasar global. Maka pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah perlu memonitor monopoli harga komoditas kopi di pasar nasional, memetakan bantuan pertanian berdasarkan urgensi kebutuhan petani, dan peningkatan peran untuk mengatasi penurunan harga komoditas kopi di pasar global.Kata kunci; Kecamatan Dampit, Kopi, Kualitas Ekspor, Tata Kelola.
PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU DI ERA PEMBELAJARAN ABAD 21 (Studi SMK Pusat Keunggulan Al-Azhar Menganti Gresik)
Authors: Sahrun Nizam M. , Usman Fadly
Published: August 2024

Abstract— The biggest challenge in the 21st century learning era is how educators can face challenges and adapt to the development of this era. The success of students in learning is also influenced by the professional competence of teachers. Therefore, the role of the Principal is very important in efforts to improve the professional competence of teachers to survive in the current globalisation and advance the school they lead. This study aims to analyse and describe how the role of the Principal's strategy in improving the professional competence of teachers in the 21st century learning era as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors in improving the professional competence of teachers at SMK Pusat Excellence Al-Azhar Menganti. While the type of research used is descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach conducted at SMK Pusat Keunggulan Al-Azhar Menganti Gresik intensively, in detail and in depth about certain events and phenomena in order to obtain valid information. The results showed 1) The role of the Principal as a manager, (educator) educator, and as a motivator as a way to improve the professional competence of teachers; 2) The strategic role of the Principal is to provide training programmes, workshops, and in house training as an effort to digitally improve the professional competence of teachers in facing the demands and challenges of 21st century learning, assisting teachers in improving the quality of their performance and a means of integrating the curriculum applied in schools with the needs of the Industrial World; 3) Supporting factors are competent Human Resources (HR), strong teacher responsibility. Willingness to continue learning, and high motivation to create and innovate. While the inhibiting factors are the inability to manage personal problems, lack of time management skills, cost factors, location, family and limited infrastructure facilities.
Keyword: Principal, Teacher Professional Competence, 21st Century Learning
Teaching About Schooling: Integrating Education Politics into Political Science Curricula
Authors: Arnzen Cameron , O'Neill Chloe
Published: August 2024

Education is a vital tenet of a democratic society, equipping citizens with the skills necessary to self-govern. Individuals also experience K12 education policy consistently throughout their lives, as a student, a parent, a taxpayer, and/or a community member. For these reasons, we argue for the inclusion of education politics in political science education. We highlight the importance of this integration for students, the discipline, and democratic ideals. We emphasize that education, a crucial public good, has always been a political institution, yet political science curricula often overlook this aspect. By incorporating education politics into political science courses, we believe we can enhance students' understanding of democratic processes, prepare them for various professional opportunities, and foster civic engagement. Our paper provides a framework for political science educators to integrate education politics into their curricula, illustrating the connections between education politics and key political science concepts.
Bases of the adaptive system of fodder production for dairy cattle
Authors: Klimenko Vladimir
Published: August 2024

Analysis of Russian agricultural complex development shows increasing the production of such food products as meat of poultry, pork and eggs, however the deficiency on population providing by milk and milk products is remaining: about 15%. To raise the production volumes and to ensure food independence it is necessary to improve feed base and the firstly, to prepare qualitative bulk and concentrated feeds for highly productive dairy cattle. The scientific researchers of Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology have developed the scientific-proved adaptive system of fodder production for dairy farming in the different regions of our country. It includes: species and varietal forage crops zoning due their technological and adaptable properties; optimization of field seed rotation structure with increasing the share of perennial legumes grasses; using of resource-saving technologies of feed production; the control of feed quality on the every step — from the field to the animal feeder. The requirements to feed quality, nutritional value and safety are raising with increase the dairy cattle productivity. These parameters are regulated by the system of state standardization. On the current moment 33 state standards on bulk feeds and feed grain were development by the technical committee on fodder production at Williams Research Center. These feeds must be 1 and 2 quality classes with energy value 9.5–10.0 MJ of metabolic energy and not less than 15% of crude protein content. Implementation of the adaptive system of fodder production in our country will assist to increase qualitative bulk feeds preparation to 85% of its total production volume, to provide competitiveness and profitability the dairy industry.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Muda Sungkai (Peronema Canescens Jack) Terhadap Jumlah dan Morfologi Normal Spermatozoa Mencit Jantan (Mus Musculus)
Authors: Ananda Mira , Rusmiati Rusmiati
Published: August 2024

Peronema canescens Jack is considered by the Dayak Bakumpai Tribe, Central Kalimantan as an enhancer of male fertility. The plant contains bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenols. These compounds have the potential to increase the hormone testosterone which plays a role in increasing the number of spermatozoa. This study aims to study and analyze the effect of Peronema canescens Jack young leaf extract. Against the increase in the number and normal morphology of spermatozoa in male mice. The study used a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) experimental design with 24 male mice, which was divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates. The K1 group (control) was given Na-CMC 0.5%, while the K2, K3, and K4 groups were given Peronema canescens Jack young leaf extract. with a dose of 87.5 mg/kg BB, 175 mg/kg BB, 350 mg/kg BB, respectively. The extract is administered orally as much as 0.5 mL per day for 35 consecutive days. The observed parameters were the normal number and morphology of spermatozoa. Results Statistical analysis using Anova and DMRT tests showed that the administration of ethanol extract of young leaves Peronema canescens Jack. increased the normal morphological number of male mouse spermatozoa.
Preoperative risk assessment and prehabilitation strategies in patients undergoing an esophagectomy for cancer resections: a single center retrospective analysis and a review of the literature
Authors: González Santos Silvia , Martí Gelonch Laura , González Jorrín Nuria , González Osinalde Mireia , Rosell Romero Núria
Published: August 2024

Esophagectomy remains being a surgical procedure with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Therefore, prehabilitation, defined as the group of interventions performed on the patient in the preoperative period to improve their functional capacity and clinical condition, becomes highly important to ensure that the patient faces the stress that surgery entails under the best possible clinical situation. Hereby, we describe our prehabilitation protocol that has been implementedsince 2017 and we present the clinical results achieved so far. Preoperative risk assessment and various modalities of prehabilitation protocols are discussed to enhance the patient´s preoperative physiological condition and to reduce the impact of the neuroendocrine and inflammatory response induced by an esophagectomy. Finally, we describe the protocol we intend to implement to improve our clinical practice and reduce complications.
Efficient one step extraction process of Gramicidin S from Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus biomass
Authors: Lvova Ksenia , Vecino Xanel , Pérez-Cid Benita , Moldes Ana B. , Cruz José M.
Published: August 2024

Currently, Gramicidin S (GR-S) is produced enzymatically with the drawback of the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or produced by fermentation involving several separation and purification steps. Therefore, this study is focused on the use of green solvents as unique extraction step to produce Gramicidin S from microbial biomass of Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus. Among the tested solvents, such as ethanol, acidic ethanol or buffer phosphate, the most favorable was acidic ethanol, extracting 96% of Gramicidin S from cells with a purity of 90%. Using acidic ethanol, extraction time within the range of 30–120 min exhibited minimal impact on Gramicidin S yield, whereas the biomass-to-extractant ratio emerged as a critical parameter. Gramicidin S extracts were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) coupled with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and compared with commercial Gramicidin S.
Empirical investigation of building information modelling (BIM) staff’s impact on construction project performance: evidence in Kenya
Authors: Chen Yuan , Gacheri Hazel Faith , Sun Gangzhu
Published: August 2024

Introduction

This study explores the impact of Building Information Modelling (BIM) staff on construction project performance, with a focus on the roles of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Task-Technology Fit (TTF). The research aims to understand how BIM personnel attributes influence project outcomes and how these effects are mediated by TTF and moderated by UTAUT.

Methods

Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the data, allowing for the examination of complex interactions between BIM staff attributes, project characteristics, and outcomes. This method is particularly suited for handling smaller sample sizes and non-normal data distributions.

Results

The analysis revealed that BIM staff attributes—such as team size, expertise, training, and experience—significantly influence construction project performance. Key performance areas affected include design efficiency, error reduction, and adherence to schedules and budgets. TTF emerged as a critical mediator, enhancing performance metrics like stakeholder satisfaction and cost management. UTAUT further moderated the relationship between BIM staff, TTF, and project performance, highlighting the importance of technology acceptance and use within BIM contexts.

Discussion

The findings emphasize the need for organizations to strategically allocate BIM staff and invest in their professional development to optimize project outcomes. Recommendations include fostering supportive organizational structures and promoting a culture of collaboration and innovation to enhance project resilience and performance, particularly in the face of disruptive events. Future research should expand to diverse project types and scales, investigate emerging technologies, and consider cultural factors through cross-cultural studies. Longitudinal studies and cost-benefit analyses of BIM training and technology adoption are also suggested to provide deeper insights and inform strategic decision-making.
Dynamic changes in cellular atlases and communication patterns within yak ovaries across diverse reproductive states unveiled by single-cell analysis
Authors: Pei Jie , Xiong Lin , Wang Xingdong , Guo Shaoke , Cao Mengli , Ding Ziqiang , Kang Yandong , Chu Min , Wu Xiaoyun , Bao Pengjia , Guo Xian
Published: August 2024

Yaks (Bos grunniens) exhibit exceptional adaptation to the challenging high-altitude environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, making them the sole bovine species capable of thriving in such exreme conditions. Investigating the cellular and molecular characteristics of yak ovaries across different reproductive states is crucial for gaining insight into their ovarian functions. Herein, the cellular atlases of yak ovaries in different reproductive states were depicted by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). The cellular atlases of the ovaries were established by identifying specific gene expression patterns of various cell types, including granulosa cells, theca cells, stromal cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, glial cell, macrophages, natural killer cells, and proliferating cells. The cellular compositions of the ovaries vary among different reproductive states. Furthermore, the granulosa cells comprise six cell subtypes, while theca cells consist of eight cell subtypes. The granulosa cells and theca cells exhibit distinct biological functions throughout different reproductive states. The two cell types were aligned along their respective pseudotime trajectories. Moreover, a cell-to-cell communication network was constructed among distinct cell types within the ovary, spanning the three reproductive states. Notably, during the estrus period, the granulosa cells demonstrated more prominent interactions with other cell types compared to the remaining reproductive states.
Clinical outcomes and risk factors of Acinetobacter baumannii meningitis in pediatric patients at a tertiary hospital in China
Authors: Wang Zixuan , Ye Lijing , Fu Pan , Wu Xia , Xu Jun , Ye Yingzi , Han Shuzhen , Wang Chuanqing , Yu Hui
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To summarize the clinical characteristics, outcomes and identify risk factors of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) meningitis in children.

Methods

This was a single-center, retrospective study. Children hospitalized between January 2016 and December 2021 who were diagnosed with AB meningitis were included. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were reviewed. Risk factors were determined using univariate analyses (chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests).

Results

Seventeen patients were included; 15 cases were secondary to neurosurgery, and two were neonates with primary bacterial meningitis. Common symptoms included fever, convulsions and nervous system abnormalities. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests typically showed increased white blood cell counts dominated by neutrophils, reduced glucose levels and elevated protein levels. Ten patients were successfully treated (successful treatment [ST] group); seven had failed treatment (failed treatment [FT] group). Univariate analyses revealed that mechanical ventilation, routine white cell counts in the peripheral blood, procalcitonin, protein in the CSF, septic shock and carbapenem-resistant AB (CRAB) differed significantly between the groups.

Conclusion

AB meningitis in children has a high mortality rate. FT was associated with mechanical ventilation, septic shock, CRAB, lower peripheral leukocyte counts, higher protein levels in the CSF and procalcitonin. Larger studies are needed to identify independent risk factors for adverse outcomes.
Experimental study of dynamic shear stiffness decay characteristics of interbedded soil: a case study in Yangtze River floodplain
Authors: Liu Haizhi , Huo Zhilei , Chen Danxi , Zhou Ruirong , Wu Qi
Published: August 2024

To explore the characteristics of the dynamic shear modulus of river-phase (as opposed to estuarine) floodplain interbedded soil, undisturbed interbedded soil from the floodplain of the Yangtze River in Nanjing was subjected to strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests to investigate how the initial effective confining pressure (σʹm), consolidation ratio (kc), and degree of consolidation (U) influence the maximum dynamic shear modulus Gmax and the dynamic shear modulus ratio G/Gmax. The results show that for this soil, G decreases with increasing strain amplitude, and for a given strain amplitude, G increases with increasing σʹm, kc, and U. Compared with soil from the Yangtze estuary, kc has a greater effect on Gmax of the floodplain interbedded soil. Finally, a modified Martin-Davidenkov model is proposed for predicting G/Gmax of river-phase floodplain interbedded soil under different σʹm, kc, and U.
Predictors of primary school teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs for inclusive education
Authors: Franzen Katja , Moschner Barbara , Hellmich Frank
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Teachers’ self-efficacy is considered to be an essential personal resource which underlies the successful implementation of inclusion. The development of self-efficacy is supposedly linked to four main sources: Mastery and vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and physiological and affective states. Notwithstanding the importance of high self-efficacy beliefs, only few studies consider the impact of the individual sources on inclusion-related efficacy beliefs and thereby point out possible ways to promote teachers’ self-efficacy.

Methods

Therefore, we investigated the effect of the assumed four sources on the basis of a sample of N = 355 teachers that work in ‘inclusive’ primary schools.

Results

Results from structural equation modeling highlight the importance of the supposed predictors of self-efficacy and in particular of teachers’ own experiences. Self-efficacy in turn proved to be a significant predictor of teachers’ willingness to implement inclusive education.
Subchronic toxic effects of bisphenol A on the gut-liver-hormone axis in rats via intestinal flora and metabolism
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Su Ce , Qian Mingqin , Wang Xin , Chen Changlan , Liu Yangcheng , Liu Wei , Xiang Zheng , Xu Baoli
Published: August 2024

Background

Bisphenol A (BPA), a characteristic endocrine disruptor, is a substance that seriously interferes with the human endocrine system and causes reproductive disorders and developmental abnormalities. However, its toxic effects on the gut-liver-hormone axis are still unclear.

Method

Male and female rats were exposed to BPA (300 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 60 consecutive days. H&E staining was used for histopathological evaluation, and the serum biochemical indexes were determined using an automatic analyzer. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect the intestinal microbial diversity, and the GC-MS was used to analyze the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colon contents. UPLC-QTOF MS was used to analyze the related metabolites. The ELISA method was used to assess the levels of serum inflammatory factors.

Results

Histopathological analysis indicated that the liver, heart, and testis were affected by BPA. There was a significant effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the male-BPA group (P < 0.05), and globulin (GLB), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ALT, TG, TC, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and creatinine (Cr) in the female-BPA group (P < 0.05). Metagenomics (16S rRNA gene sequencing) analysis indicated that BPA reduced the diversity and changed the composition of gut microbiota in rats significantly. Compared with the control and blank groups, the contents of caproic acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, and propanoic acid in the colon contents decreased in the male-BPA group (P < 0.05), and caproic acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, and valeric acid in the colon contents decreased in the female-BPA group (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis of the serum indicated that BPA could regulate bile acid levels, especially ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and its conjugated forms. The contents of amino acids, hormones, and lipids were also significantly affected after exposure to BPA. The increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-23 (IL-23), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the serum of the male-BPA group suggests that BPA exposure affects the immune system.

Conclusion

BPA exposure will cause toxicity to rats via disrupting the gut-liver-hormone axis.
Depression and type 2 diabetes risk: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Kaiyuan , Zhou Diyi , Chen Lijun , Hao Sida
Published: August 2024

Background

Extensive observational evidence has suggested an association between depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the causal relationships between these two diseases require further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the bidirectional causal effect between two types of depression and T2D using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

We applied two-step MR techniques, using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the genetic instruments for analysis. We utilized summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for major depression (MD), depressive status (frequency of depressed mood in the last two weeks), T2D, and other known T2D risk factors such as obesity, sedentary behavior (time spent watching television), and blood pressure. The analysis utilized inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, MR pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier methods to determine potential causal relationships.

Results

The study found that MD was positively associated with T2D, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.26 (95% CI: 1.10-1.43, p = 5.6×10-4) using the IVW method and an OR of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04-1.41, p = 0.01) using the weighted median method. Depressive status was also positively associated with T2D, with an OR of 2.26 (95% CI: 1.03-4.94, p = 0.04) and an OR of 3.62 (95% CI: 1.33-9.90, p = 0.01) using the IVW and weighted median methods, respectively. No causal effects of MD and depressive status on T2D risk factors were observed, and T2D did not influence these factors.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates a causal relationship between depression and an increased risk of developing T2D, with both major depression and depressive status being positively associated with T2D.
Prenatal diagnosis of the recurrent 1q21.1 microdeletions in fetuses with ultrasound anomalies and review of the literature
Authors: Liu Lei , Lei Tingying , Guo Fei , Ma Chunling , Zhen Li , Zhang Lina , Li Dongzhi
Published: August 2024

Objective

The recurrent 1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder and is characterized by dysmorphic facial features, microcephaly, developmental delay, and congenital defects. However, most studies on the distal deletions in the 1q21.1 region were diagnosed postnatally. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the ultrasound and molecular findings of fetuses with recurrent 1q21.1 microdeletions in prenatal diagnosis.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we reported 21 cases with the recurrent 1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome diagnosed at our prenatal diagnostic center from January 2016 to January 2023. The clinical data were reviewed for these cases, including the maternal demographics, indications for invasive testing, ultrasound findings, CMA results, and pregnancy outcomes.

Results

In the study, a total of 21 cases with recurrent 1q21.1 microdeletions were diagnosed prenatally by CMA. Fifteen cases were described with ultrasound indications, and the most common findings are as follows: increased nuchal translucency (NT) (26.7%), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (26.7%), congenital heart defects (CHD) (20%), and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) (13.3%). All the cases with the distal 1q21.1 deletions contain the common minimal region (located between BP3 and BP4) and eight OMIM genes. Parental studies to determine the inheritance of the deletion were performed for eight cases, and half of the cases were inherited from one of the parents. Pregnancy outcomes were available for nine cases; eight (88.9%) pregnancies were determined to be terminated and one (11.1%) was full-term delivery.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the largest study to find that fetuses with recurrent 1q21.1 microdeletions were closely associated with increased NT, CHD, IUGR, and CAKUT. In addition, ours is the first study to report that cerebral ventriculomegaly might be associated with recurrent 1q21.1 microdeletions. More comprehensive studies are needed for a better understanding of the prenatal phenotype–genotype relationship of the recurrent 1q21.1 microdeletion syndrome in future.
Pre-vaccination Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infections are associated with altered vaccine immune responses: a longitudinal analysis among adolescents living in helminth-endemic islands of Lake Victoria, Uganda
Authors: Natukunda Agnes , Zirimenya Ludoviko , Nkurunungi Gyaviira , Nassuuna Jacent , Nkangi Ronald , Mutebe Alex , Corstjens Paul L. A. M. , van Dam Govert J. , Elliott Alison M. , Webb Emily L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Variations in vaccine responses have been observed between populations. A role for helminth infections has been proposed due to their immunomodulatory properties. In a secondary analysis of data from a randomised trial assessing effects of anthelminthic treatment on vaccine responses, we examined associations between helminth infections at baseline prior to vaccine administration, and vaccine responses among adolescents (9-17 years) in Koome Islands, Lake Victoria, Uganda.

Methods

Participants received BCG [week 0], yellow fever (YF-17D), oral typhoid (Ty21a), HPV-prime [week 4], and HPV-boost, tetanus/diphtheria [week 28]. Outcomes were BCG-specific interferon-γ ELISpot responses and antibody responses to yellow-fever-, typhoid-, HPV-, tetanus- and diphtheria-specific antigens measured at two time points post vaccination. S. mansoni infection was determined as positive if either the plasma Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) assay or stool PCR were positive. Hookworm and Strongyloides were determined by stool PCR. Linear mixed effects regression was used to assess associations.

Results

Among 478 adolescents, 70% were Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) infected and 23% hookworm infected at baseline. Sm was associated with lower Salmonella Typhi O:LPS-specific IgG responses (adjusted geometric mean ratio (aGMR) 0.69 (0.57-0.83)), and hookworm with higher diphtheria-specific IgG (aGMR 1.16 (1.02, 1.31)) and lower HPV-16-specific IgG (aGMR 0.70 (0.55, 0.90)) post-vaccination. High Sm intensity was associated with lower BCG-specific interferon-γ and S. Typhi O:LPS-specific IgG.

Conclusions

We found inverse associations between Sm and responses to two live vaccines, whereas hookworm was positively associated with diphtheria-specific IgG. These findings support the hypothesis that helminth infections can modulate vaccine responses, while also highlighting potential heterogeneity in the direction of these effects.
Safety analysis of quinolones use in minors—based on the FAERS database
Authors: Li Yanwei , Wang Jing , Wang ChengLiang , Chen Li
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study utilizes the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to investigate adverse drug event (ADE) signals linked to quinolones use (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin) in minors, offering insights for clinical use.

Methods

Minors were categorized into four age groups. ADE reports for these quinolones from the first quarter of 2015 to the third quarter of 2023 were extracted from the FAERS database. Data analysis used reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the MHRA method.

Results

Most ADE cases in minors involved ciprofloxacin (575)and levofloxacin (477). In the infant group, various injury, poisoning, and procedural complication events were more frequently associated with ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin (19.83%, 31.25%, and 100.00%, respectively). In the preschool children group, psychiatric disorders were more frequently reported with levofloxacin and ofloxacin use (59.00% and 47.62%, respectively). Ocular disorders were notably associated with moxifloxacin in the children group (62.50%), In the adolescent group, more gastrointestinal diseases occurred with ciprofloxacin (12.96%).

Conclusion

ADE occurrence with quinolones in minors varies by age. Strict adherence to indications, rational use, avoiding prolonged use, and monitoring for short-term reactions are essential. Enhanced monitoring of interactions and drug education are crucial to reducing ADE.
Exploring barriers to the effective use of computer-based simulation in pharmacy education: a mixed-methods case study
Authors: Gharib Ahmed M. , Peterson Gregory M. , Bindoff Ivan K. , Salahudeen Mohammed S.
Published: August 2024

Background

At the University of Tasmania (UTAS), pharmacy education traditionally relies on placements to provide students with hands-on experience. However, these placements have become increasingly limited due to logistical challenges and growing student numbers. Computer-based simulation (CBS) has the potential to offer a scalable, effective alternative to enhance learning and critical thinking. However, integrating CBS in pharmacy education faces several barriers that must be addressed for successful implementation.

Objective

To gain insight into pharmacy educators’ and students’ views regarding the barriers, and potential solutions, to integrating CBS in pharmacy practice education.

Methods

This mixed-methods case study involved semi-structured interviews with pharmacy educators and quantitative surveys with pharmacy students. The data underwent thematic coding for interview transcripts and statistical analysis for survey responses. The findings were integrated by examining convergence, complementarity, and discrepancy, revealing insights into how pharmacy students and educators perceive implementation barriers and improvement strategies for CBS.

Results

Ten interviews were conducted, and 75 survey responses were collected, with a 62.5% response rate. Key barriers to CBS integration included educators’ heavy workload, scepticism about CBS’s educational value, and general integration challenges. Students, however, showed high acceptance of CBS, with 70.7% agreeing that CBS could assess their knowledge, 69.3% emphasising its role in developing problem-solving skills, and 80% viewing CBS as a complement to classroom study. Proposed solutions for enhancing CBS uptake included additional institutional support by appointing dedicated simulation technicians, leveraging champions to advocate for CBS, and aligning CBS with educational objectives.

Conclusion

A significant gap between students’ readiness and educators’ hesitancy to use CBS in pharmacy education was identified. While students are eager to adopt new technologies, educators expressed reservations, primarily due to workload concerns and uncertainties about the efficacy of CBS. The feedback from educators suggests that institutions may see improved uptake by employing dedicated support personnel and initiating targeted training programs. Future research should focus on exploring barriers and facilitators, using larger and more diverse samples, and gaining deeper insights into decision-makers’ perspectives to enhance the integration and efficacy of CBS in pharmacy education.
Alterations of the gut microbiota and metabolites by ShenZhu TiaoPi granule alleviates hyperglycemia in GK rats
Authors: Zhao Jindong , Fang Zhaohui
Published: August 2024

ShenZhu TiaoPi granule (STG) is a compound prescription that is used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies have indicated a hypoglycaemic effect, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were used to establish an in vivo T2DM model (Mod). The metformin (Met) and STG treatment time was 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin levels and the area under the glucose curve (GAUC) were measured. Intestinal pathology and permeability were observed. Microbial diversity analysis and metabolomics were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Compared with the Con group, the T2DM Mod group presented significant differences in weight, FBG, GAUC, and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indices (p < 0.01). Met and STG improved these indicators (p < 0.01). The pathological morphology and zonula occludens 1 protein levels in the intestines of the Mod group of rats were altered, leading to increases in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. In the Met and STG groups, the intestinal conditions improved, and the LPS and IL-1β levels significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites occurred in the Mod group. In the STG group, the abundance of Intestinimonas increased, and the abundance of Eubacterium coprostanoligenes decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, STG also altered 2-deoxyglucose, beta-muricholic acid and dioxolithocholic acid production. In addition, the main metabolic pathways affected by STG were bile acid biosynthesis and cholesterol metabolism. Intestinimonas, D-maltose_and_alpha-lactose may be potential biomarkers for the effects of STG. STG alleviates hyperglycaemia via the gut microbiota and metabolites in GK rats.
The impact of high polymerization inulin on body weight reduction in high-fat diet-induced obese mice: correlation with cecal Akkermansia
Authors: Gan Liping , Zhao Yifeng , Zhang Zongbao , Zhao Chenkai , Li Jiake , Jia Qingyu , Shi Yusu , Wang Peng , Guo Linna , Qiao Hanzhen , Cui Yaoming , Wang Jinrong
Published: August 2024

Obesity presents a significant public health challenge, demanding effective dietary interventions. This study employed a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model to explore the impacts of inulin with different polymerization degrees on obesity management. Our analysis reveals that high-degree polymerization inulin (HDI) exhibited a significantly higher oil binding capacity and smaller particle size compared to low-degree polymerization inulin (LDI) (p < 0.05). HDI was more effective than LDI in mitigating body weight gain in high-diet induced obese mice, although neither LDI nor HDI affected blood sugar levels when compared to the high-fat diet control group (p < 0.05). Both HDI and LDI administrations reduced liver weight and enhanced brown adipose tissue thermogenesis compared to the high-fat diet induced control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, HDI suppressed hepatic lipogenesis, resulting in a further reduction in liver triglycerides compared to the high-fat diet-induced obese mice (p < 0.05). Notably, HDI improved gut health by enhancing intestinal morphology and modulating gut microbiota structure. HDI administration notably increased the relative abundance of cecal Akkermansia, a gut microbe associated with improved metabolic health, while LDI showed limited efficacy (p < 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively). These findings underscore the importance of the structural properties of inulin in its potential to combat obesity and highlight the strategic use of inulin with varying polymerization degrees as a promising dietary approach for obesity management, particularly in its influence on gut microbiota composition and hepatic lipid metabolism regulation.
Elucidating the endophytic bacterial and fungal community composition and diversity in the tree fern Alsophila spinulosa through meta-amplicon sequencing
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Dou Mengke , Li Yuanhui , Su Jialan , Zhao Anjiu , Huang Xiong
Published: August 2024

Plant tissues harbor abundant endophytes, which are crucial for plant growth. Endophytes present in Alsophila spinulosa, which is enriched with medicinal components, have not been isolated and characterized yet. Here we employed meta-amplicon sequencing to identify endophytic species and examined their diversity in the leaves, petioles, roots and stems of A. spinulosa. Our findings revealed 1,247 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for endophytic bacteria across 210 species and 476 OTUs for endophytic fungi across 222 species. Alpha diversity analysis showed the highest endophytic bacterial diversity in A. spinulosa roots, whereas fungal diversity was similar across the leaf, petiole and root tissues. Fungal diversity in the leaves and petioles was markedly higher than that in the stems. Furthermore, beta diversity analysis revealed similarities in the endophytic bacterial and fungal compositions between the leaves and petioles, whereas the compositions in roots and stems considerably differed from those in the leaves and petioles. At the genus level, the predominant endophytic bacteria were Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum and Pseudomonas, whereas the predominant endophytic fungi were Cutaneotrichosporon and Pseudofabraea. Linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed characteristic endophytic bacterial genera specific to each tissue type and characteristic endophytic fungal genera specifically in the leaves, petioles and roots. The co-occurrence network analysis indicated that the complexity of endophyte networks was the highest in the leaves and the lowest in the stems of A. spinulosa. Overall, this study elucidates the distribution patterns of endophytes in A. spinulosa across various tissues, offering valuable microbial resources for the development of natural products for medicinal application.
Conjugal plasmid transfer in the plant rhizosphere in the One Health context
Authors: Riva Francesco , Dechesne Arnaud , Eckert Ester M. , Riva Valentina , Borin Sara , Mapelli Francesca , Smets Barth F. , Crotti Elena
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is one of the primary routes of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination. In the One Health context, tracking the spread of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying ARGs in agri-food ecosystems is pivotal in understanding AMR diffusion and estimating potential risks for human health. So far, little attention has been devoted to plant niches; hence, this study aimed to evaluate the conjugal transfer of ARGs to the bacterial community associated with the plant rhizosphere, a hotspot for microbial abundance and activity in the soil. We simulated a source of AMR determinants that could enter the food chain via plants through irrigation.

Methods

Among the bacterial strains isolated from treated wastewater, the strain Klebsiella variicola EEF15 was selected as an ARG donor because of the relevance of Enterobacteriaceae in the AMR context and the One Health framework. The strain ability to recolonize lettuce, chosen as a model for vegetables that were consumed raw, was assessed by a rifampicin resistant mutant. K. variicola EEF15 was genetically manipulated to track the conjugal transfer of the broad host range plasmid pKJK5 containing a fluorescent marker gene to the natural rhizosphere microbiome obtained from lettuce plants. Transconjugants were sorted by fluorescent protein expression and identified through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results and discussion

K. variicola EEF15 was able to colonize the lettuce rhizosphere and inhabit its leaf endosphere 7 days past bacterial administration. Fluorescence stereomicroscopy revealed plasmid transfer at a frequency of 10−3; cell sorting allowed the selection of the transconjugants. The conjugation rates and the strain’s ability to colonize the plant rhizosphere and leaf endosphere make strain EEF15::lacIq-pLpp-mCherry-gmR with pKJK5::Plac::gfp an interesting candidate to study ARG spread in the agri-food ecosystem. Future studies taking advantage of additional environmental donor strains could provide a comprehensive snapshot of AMR spread in the One Health context.