bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affiliation Related to Age, Gender, Identity, and Martial Status : A Confirmatory Study of C. Gilligan's Postulate
Authors:   , Musser Carolyn
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate C. Gilligan's postulates that men progress from a fear of intimacy (affiliation) to recognition of its importance, while women accept affiliation initially and remain constant in valuing it across the life span. The effect on affiliation strength of the following independent variables was evaluated: age, gender, identity strength, and marital status. The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule was used to obtain self-reported values for affiliation and identity strength (autonomy). The sample for this study consisted of 136 women and 69 men enrolled in a counseling appraisal class at a Midwestern university. Ages ranged from 21 to 54 years. Fourteen comparisons plus 14 reoccurring comparisons were made employing three-way analysis of variance. Three of the fourteen comparisons were statistically significant. An additional nine comparisons were made employing Fisher protected t -tests. Of these nine comparisons, three were statistically significant. The results of this study indicated a statistically significant interaction between age and gender for the dependent variable affiliation strength. Results from t-tests revealed that women scored significantly higher on affiliation strength than men in the age groups 20-28 and 29-39 years. This was confirmatory of Gilligan's postulate that young men value affiliation less than young women. However, the results were disconfirmatory of the postulate that women are constant in valuing affiliation over the life span and that men become more affiliative with age. Instead, a significant decline was noted in affiliation for women between age group 20-28 years and 40-55 years. There was no significant difference among the affiliation scores of men from the three age groups. A comparison of affiliation in age group 40-55 years revealed no significant difference between men and women, a mid-life similarity postulated by Gilligan. Two main effects on affiliation strength were statistically significant. One main effect was for the independent variable identity strength, and one was for the independent variable marital status. These were generated from a three -way analysis of variance in which identity strength, marital status and gender were the independent variables. Findings indicated that subjects who rated themselves highest in identity had significantly lower affiliation scores than those lowest in identity. Unmarried subjects had higher affiliation scores than married subjects.
Inward Symbolism and Outer Reality
Authors:   , Medley Ronald
Published: February 2023

In direct correlation with my acrylic polymer paintings to which I am associating my personal experiences and using painting as a visual means to explore the materials and their qualities which suggest further learning. I feel one can learn visually, only if the artist is curious, almost to the point of looking at everything that almost all others miss, and the remembering and associating these symbols, which are of a somewhat intuitive nature, to painting. I feel that there are no absolute solutions to the problems an artist creates or has imposed upon him. The demands of searching for what is real with his personal questioning, the striving for a naturalness of his own spirit, brings him.
Factors Which Influence Successful Integration of Secondary Level Behavioral Disordered Students
Authors:   , Palmer Barbara
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the research was to investigate the potential for successful integration of secondary level behavior disordered (BD) students. The investigation was conducted in 18 school districts in rural southwest Kansas. The independent variables were (1) professional title (special education teachers, regular education teachers, principals, and counselors); (2) professional preparation for working with BD students (Appendix X); (3) professional experience for working with BD students (Appendix X): and (4) district size (Appendix Y). The dependent variables were (1) scores from the questionnaire addressing existing school conditions (Appendix Q); (2) scores from the questionnaire addressing ideal school conditions (Appendix R); (3) scores from the questionnaire addressing student school-related social behaviors (Appendix S); and (4) scores from the questionnaire addressing student school-related academic behaviors (Appendix T). There were 91 comparisons made, plus 13 repeated comparisons in tests of the five composite hypotheses. Of these, 21 comparisons were statistically significant. The results of these comparisons were very positive for future planning and programming tasks in working toward improving services for BD students. The results indicated that all professional groups thought much needs to be done to achieve the ideal in school conditions. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: (1) existing school conditions were rated higher by principals than by regular teachers; (2) ideal school conditions were rated higher by special education teachers than by subjects in other groups; (3) student academic-related behaviors were rated higher by subjects with less preparation than by those with more preparation than SO teachers: (4) students' school-related social behaviors were rated higher by special education teachers than by counselors; (5) ideal school conditions were rated higher by subjects in 3-A districts than by subjects representing either I -A or 4-A districts; (6) existing school conditions were rated higher by subjects with more experience in working with BD students than by those having less experience with these students; (7) ideal school conditions were rated higher by subjects having preparation comparable to BD teachers than by subjects with less preparation: (8) existing school conditions were rated higher by subjects representing 1-A districts than by those from 3-A districts: (9) three professional titles, including special education teachers, regular education teachers, and counselors, and the total sample rated ideal school conditions statistically higher than existing school conditions.
Transference to Form
Authors:   , Swoboda Jennifer
Published: February 2023

I have tried to create a marriage of subject matter and material which invites the viewer to investigate the layers of meaning and material. As an archaeologist would sift through the layers of evidence to understand the development of a culture, the viewer of this imagery is invited to sift through the strata of graphic and psychological elements to discover the message of the works.
A Comparison of Several Community Mental Health Center Outcome Evaluation Techniques
Authors:   , Johnston William
Published: February 2023

This study compared three types of outcome evaluation techniques currently used in community mental health center evaluation programs. They were the subjective report scales of the Denver Community Mental Health Questionnaire (DCMHQ,), Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) and Client Satisfaction as a measure of treatment effectiveness. This study was an analysis of data already collected in a clinical impact study at Prairie View Mental Health Center in 1974. The subjects were 141 patients who had completed both the pre-test, given at admission, and the post-test, given after ninety days. The Psychological Distress Scale of the DCMHQ and the GAS appeared to be the only Scales to measure relevant change following treatment. Only the Psychological Distress Scale was sensitive enough to measure significant differences between improved and unimproved groups, as judged by therapists. Finally, it was found that the Psychological Distress Scale tended to have higher correlations with the other subjective scales than with the objective ratings. Therapist judgments were very highly related to whether or not a patient was still in treatment at post-test. There did not appear to be any scale that effectively measured both subjective ratings and objective ratings of treatment success.
Vegetation Celebration
Authors:   , Farmer Ruth
Published: February 2023

In the beginning God created – and made me in his own likeness in the process, endowing me with that same creative ability. As I produce paintings, and especially the paintings of this thesis series, I am continually aware of the inherent power, beauty, and enduring quality of the vegetation in the Earth. Each painting is a celebration of the life process and cycles which produce the various plant forms. Each painting is a celebration of the strength and vitality within each form, the capacity to live and grow to a fullness of form, and the capacity to bring forth more in the same character. Just as each plant has some variation from that of the parent plant so each painting is derivative of the previous paintings and at once a new painting.
Television and its Relationship to a Person's Character
Authors:   , Phillips Keri
Published: February 2023

The following study looked at the relationship between the types of television shows a person watches, either violent, neutral, or nonviolent, and his/her score on the Character Counts Questionnaire (CCQ), which measures a person's character and ethical values. Subjects were asked to complete the CCQ and rate on a five point bipolar scale, whether they enjoyed or did not enjoy watching the selected television shows. While using the CCQ, several problems were found and changes were made to overcome them. The most prevalent problem was that the original scoring method was so rigid it did not give a reflective measure of the person's character. In order to derive a more reflective measure of the subject's character an alternate scoring method was implemented. Results from both scoring methods were analyzed and discussed. It was hypothesized that the results would show a negative correlation between the CCQ scores and the enjoyment of violent television shows, as well as a positive correlation between the CCQ scores and the enjoyment of both nonviolent and neutral television shows. The Pearson product-moment correlation was used to measure the relationships. The results using both the original and alternate scoring supported the hypothesis of a negative correlation between the CCQ scores and the enjoyment of violent television shows, but did not support the hypotheses of a positive correlation between the CCQ scores and the enjoyment of both nonviolent and neutral television shows. This study also tested whether males would have lower scores than females, regardless of age, whether older subjects would have higher scores than younger subjects, regardless of gender, and whether young males would have the lowest scores as compared to old males and young or old females. A 2 (Age Group) x 2 (Gender) ANOVA was used to analyze the hypotheses. Using the original scoring, no significant differences were found between the groups. However, using the alternate scoring significant differences did arise. Males had significantly lower scores than females, regardless of age, older subjects had significantly higher scores than younger subjects, regardless of gender, and young males had the lowest scores as compared to old males and young or old females.
Christian Missions Among The Kansas Indians
Authors:   , Milstead Bertha
Published: February 2023

The establishment of Missions among the Indians who were settled in the Kansas region is apart of the story of the “Winning of the West.” The fate of the Indian was certain from the very beginning and those forces which fitted him in the end to take his place in the national life as a responsible individual were real factors in progress. The reservation system was but one stage in the gradual crowding of the Indian from his free hunting life and served only as a training school for the next stage of individual responsibility. One of the agencies which helped to tame him on the reservation and which made the transition to the new order possible and easier, was the Christian Mission. The Kansas missions were perhaps typical. At any rate a study of the work attempted and in part accomplished here, will show something of the problems presented, the difficulties met with, and the possible results. For these purposes a detailed study has been made of the missions established in Kansas by the Moravians, the Friends, the Catholics, the Baptists, the Presbyterians and the Methodists. It will be seen that in many ways the work of each denomination was typical of all. For example, the Presbyterian missions among the Osages, the Iowas, Sauks and Foxes or of the Methodist missions among the Shawnees, the Delawares, the Potawatomies, the Peorias, and the Kaskaskias, are in large part similar to the efforts of the Baptist, all of which are treated in later chapters.
Marital Violence: The Effect of Provocation on College Students' Perception of an Incident of Wife Abuse
Authors:   , Meade Nancy
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate the attitudes of undergraduate college students toward a reported incident of domestic turbulence. The five independent variables investigated were gender, marital status, age, family structure, and personal experiences with abuse. Two scenarios were utilized; one contained a provocation statement by the wife and the other did not. The scores of statements following the hypothetical police report were the dependent variables. The 5 statements concerned Seriousness of Incident, Responsibility of the Husband, Responsibility of wife, decision to Call police, and charging Husband with Assault. The total sample size was 168 undergraduate students which included 75 male and 93 female subjects. Five composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance. Fifty- five comparisons plus 20 recurring comparisons were made. Of the 55 comparisons made, 30 were main effects and 25 were interactions. Of the 30 main effects, 5 were statistically significant at the .05 level. Of the 25 interactions, 4 were statistically significant at the .05 level.
An Axiomatic Development of the Properties of Real Numbers Through the Use of Set Theory
Authors:   , Beougher Elton
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present a logical development of the real number system from a few basic assumptions in a form that an undergraduate can use. The development is based on properties of sets and begins with cardinal and ordinal numbers. It then proceeds through the natural numbers, denumerable sets, rational numbers, and real numbers. The rational numbers are developed in three steps: (1) non-negative fractions, (2) non-negative rational numbers, and (3) the full set of rational numbers. The distinction between these three divisions of the rational numbers is explained fully. Chapter X concludes the study with a discussion of the “axiom of choice” and entity closely related to this study.
Unconditional Surrender in Europe, 1943-1945
Authors:   , Ary Mikel
Published: February 2023

The political and military significance of unconditional surrender in Europe, 1943-45, has been presented in this study. In consideration of the past history of the policy (unconditional surrender), an examination of both the utilization and meaning of the demand in ancient history, as well as modern, has occupied the author’s attention. From this basis, a survey of the World War II military situation prior to the Casablanca Conference of January 14-24, 1943, which formally announced the policy as the wartime goal of the western Allies (the United States and Great Britain), has been made. This approach allows the difference between the earlier applications of unconditional surrender and its 1943 usage to be brought to light. Approximately the first half of the study deals with the attitudes of the Allies toward their European enemy; the last portion denotes the impact that the surrender demand had upon Germany, Italy, and the lesser Axis powers. Emphasis, however, has been placed on the German position throughout. Besides tracing the German military and political setting, relative to the surrender demand, the post-war opinions of some of their prominent leaders on unconditional surrender in Europe, 1943-45, has been recorded. The sentiments of Russia, as disclosed in her propaganda and also by her leaders at the conference table, were in contrast to the western Allies. The Russians, in particular, preferred a modification of the unconditional surrender policy throughout the war. Since the United States would not noticeably revise or abandon the plan, this somewhat affected the solidarity of the Alliance; therefore, the eastern Ally pursued objectives different from the United States and Great Britain. The final principal task that this work carries out is to compare the implementation of unconditional surrender in Europe, 1943-45, among the major European Axis powers. With the completion of this, a cursory look at the opinions of prominent World War II memoirists precedes the conclusion of the study.
The Effects of Four Different Biofeedback Temperature Control Training Procedures on Activity Levels in Children
Authors:   , Albin Marsha
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to assess the effects of four different biofeedback temperature control training procedures on activity rates of sixteen six to eight year old children of normal intelligence. Four conditions were tested: 1) autogenic warming phrases with instructions to raise temperature for verbal reinforcement; 2) instructions to raise temperature for verbal reinforcement, no autogenic phrases; 3) autogenic warming phrases only; and 4) instructions to lower temperature for verbal reinforcement, with autogenic cooling phrases. Minute-by-minute assessments were taken of activity rate as measured by the Ryabik-Farrall Activity Chair, and temperature, as measured by a PM-4 Farrall Biofeedback instrument, throughout the five-minute baseline, ten-minute treatment, and five-minute post-test. Within the four ten-minute training sessions all sixteen children were able to significantly reduce their rate of activity and increase their finger temperature. The results are discussed as relevant to the clinical and educational application of biofeedback finger temperature control training for reduction in activity rates.
Greening rates and photosynthetic development of leaves in C3 and C4 plants
Authors:   , Kriss Tayler
Published: February 2023

To study chlorophyll development time and overall photosynthetic development in C3 and C4 leaves, seeds were germinated in complete darkness and achlorophyllous leaves were then allowed to develop in lighted conditions. Corn (Zea mays, C4), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, C4), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, C3), broad bean (Vicia faba, C3), and wheat (Triticum aestivum, C3) were investigated for the first ten days of sunlight exposure. Chlorophyll concentration, chlorophyll fluorescence, and CO2 gas exchange measurements were conducted daily on the first leaf that emerged after the embryonic leaves of each plant. The first five days of the experiment, days zero to four in light, had the greatest physiological impact on leaves of etiolated plants as they transitioned from an etiolated to a green state. C3 plants developed chlorophyll and light-harvesting capacity earlier than C4 plants. C3 plants showed faster rates of chlorophyll development compared to C4 plants. The majority of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters measured had developed approximately 80% of their maximum fluorescence in the first five days of light exposure, days five to ten in light had less than a 20% change. However, photochemical quenching (qP), electron transport rate (ETR), photosynthetic carbon assimilation (Photo), stomatal conductance (Cond), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) were not different between C3 and C4 plants, suggesting that development of gas exchange abilities and capabilities of using carbon from the atmosphere in the processes of photosynthesis were similar between C3 and C4 plants in this experiment.
Changing Constructs of the Graduate School Experience
Authors:   , Schaller Doris
Published: February 2023

Very little is known about the perceptions and expectations of students as they progress through a postgraduate program (Phillips, 1980). Using a longitudinal methodology, this study investigated the process of transition and the trajectories of change in personal meaning that occurred in students during the graduate school experience at Fort Hays State University in the Master's Level Psychology Program. Two repertory grids and two surveys were administered to eleven graduate students during three sessions over a 1 ½-year period. At the final session, the examiner conducted an informal interview with each student. Results indicated that even though students shared many similar experiences on a daily basis, the pattern of change for each student was different. However, as a group, students began to define roles of self and activities of graduate school more coherently near the completion of the program. In general, grid based self-esteem measures increased over time and most students claimed they fell satisfied with the graduate training program and career choices. Perceptions of social interaction appeared to be an important component of the graduate school experience for students and was directly related to self-esteem. Moreover, students created a significant number of constructs denoting anxiety and tension. These emotions may be a necessary component for authentic growth and development during a transitional experience (Adler, 1975).
A Readability Study
Authors:   , Earnest Dolores
Published: February 2023

It was the purpose of the readability study to find: (1) the readability levels of three textbooks in use in the Science and Social Studies Departments of Russell High School, Russell, Kansas; (2) the reading ability levels of students using theses textbooks; (3) the grade level determinations of the publishers of these textbooks; (4) the teachers’ opinions concerning the textbooks they were using in the content areas of science and social studies; and (5) the attitudes of the students enrolled in these areas in regard to the textbooks being used by them The following procedures were employed in conjunction with the study: (1) related literature concerning readability formulas was surveyed, and the Dale-Chall Readability Formula was chosen to be sued in the study. (2) Two content areas were selected from the offerings at Russell High School, and three textbooks used in the areas were examined. (3) Three hundred and thirty-seven students were tested with the Diagnostic Reading Test, Survey Section for their reading abilities. (4) These same 373 students were questioned concerning their attitudes about the textbooks under study. (5) The six teachers teaching in the content areas were questioned concerning their opinions about the books involved in the study. (6) The publishers of the three textbooks were asked about the treatability levels of the textbooks. The following discoveries were made as a result of the study: (1) The Dale-Chall Readability Formula showed that two out of the three books were one to five grades above the level at which they were being used. (2) The publishers indicated that the textbooks were to be used on the levels at which they were being used, but in two out of the three cases, the publisher grade determinations were in error. (3) The students liked the books in spite of the fact that two textbooks were too difficult for the reading ability of students, in that nearly 50 per cent of the students involved in the study did not have sufficient reading ability to read independently at the level of the books.
A Study of Fluctuations In Coyote Numbers and Possible Causes
Authors:   , Griswold Sherwin
Published: February 2023

This paper reports the findings of a study of coyote numbers, with particular reference to fluctuations, their periodicity, if any, and their possible causes.
Aspects of Agriculture and Food Production in South Korea
Authors:   , Kum Ho
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to review the results of the Republic of Korea's agricultural development programs and the food situation in relation to the present government's efforts (1959-1967) to modernize agriculture by the use of analyzing statistics data. The FAD data is cited for better comprehension of the situations reviewed. The general background of the rural community is presented in Chapter II. One of the factors of production endangering productivity is the tenancy system. This system has been illegal since 1948 and is non-existent in the Republic of Korea. Labor is the only factor at the farmers' disposal, Chapter III is concerned with the government's measures to supply scarce resources for labor-intensive farming methods, the promulgation and enactment for the correction and innovation of institutional defects, and organizational malfunctions. Chapter IV is concerned with growing domestic market demand and production capacity of foodstuffs. Price policy and distribution channels of rice and barley are discussed in relation to the farmer's income. A sample survey of farm income is analyzed for the measurement of unjustly depressed facts. Chapter V is the summary and conclusions concerning the development of the Republic of Korea's agricultural development. Questions pertaining to how to achieve goals of self-supporting food production are presented in this chapter.
One Dozen Provocative Squats
Authors:   , Adams James
Published: February 2023

For this body of work I wanted to explore and develop my impressions of Western Kansas and the use of aquatints and soft grounds. I like drawing and for me, printmaking is a natural extension. Printmaking and drawing are similar, but there are differences. Many effects and techniques that are difficult or impossible in drawing are available in printmaking. Also, the value range is broader for the printmaker. This is possible because the inks used in printmaking tend to be more intense than most drawing materials.
The Effects of Birth Order, Age, Gender, and Socioeconomic Level Upon the Self-Esteem of Graduate Students
Authors:   , Hayden Patricia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to evaluate the effects of certain variables upon self-esteem in graduate students. Four independent variables were investigated: 1) gender, 2) age, 3) birth order, and 4) socioeconomic level. The dependent variable was self-esteem scores. Two instruments were used: an information form constructed by the researcher to obtain the independent variables, and Coopersmith Inventory (Adult form) to obtain the dependent variable. The subjects consisted of 85 graduate students, 29 male and 56 female, from a small university. A mixed status survey design with both pregrouping and post hoc grouping was employed. A total of five null hypotheses were tested. Four three-way analyses of variance and one z-test were employed. All five null hypotheses were retained. A total of 29 comparisons were made. No comparison was found to be statistically significant between the variables. From the results it was concluded that advanced educational attainment may mask the effects of gender, age, birth order, and socioeconomic level upon self-esteem. The relationship may be between advanced educational attainment and self-esteem rather than gender, age, birth order, and socioeconomic level.
Nonopposed Universal Balance
Authors:   , Sanders Joseph
Published: February 2023

Man produces art as a means of communicating. The artist’s skillful work is not only for self-satisfaction (pleasure) but to satisfy others. The artist wishes man to understand his aesthetical presentations. He wants to receive an emotional response to his work. Although at times art may seem confusing, gloomy, and very unattractive, it enhances man’s life and fulfills a basic need in his survival. Art has existed since the beginning of man. There has always been a need to imitate. It is for this reason that man must express himself. He is forever wondering why things are as they are. The truth is his destiny. It is through this search that man begins to find the mirror image of himself in nature.
A Study of the Properties of 2 Hydroxychalcones
Authors:   , Conard Norman
Published: February 2023

A compound has been isolated from the acid catalyzed ring closure of 2, 2’-dihydroxychalcone. From the physical properties and the infrared and ultraviolet visible spectra, this green compound is assumed to be the cis form of 2, 2’-dihydroxychalcone. The sulfuric acid color test for flavanones and chalcones was investigated and found to be unreliable. It was found from the ultraviolet and visible spectra that the same color in sulfuric acid was obtained from both the chalcone and its isomer the flavanone. Furthermore the two isomers were found to interconvert. The flavanone was found to be less stable in sulfuric acid than was the chalcone with the equilibrium favoring the chalcone in most instances. Aluminum chloride and boron trifluoride tests for chalcones were also studied. It was found that the aluminum chloride and boron trifluoride complexes are intensely colored precipitates when formed from the 2’-hydroxychalcones.
The Effect of Clipping and Weed Competition Upon The Spread of Pasture Grass Seedlings
Authors:   , Hase Cecil
Published: February 2023

The drought of the last seven years with its disastrous dust storms has damaged vast areas of the native prairie as well as much of the cultivated land. Deficient rainfall has caused crop failures over large areas, leaving the fields without a protective covering. Due to these conditions, wind erosion started the dry, loose soil to drifting. Large amounts of the soil settled on the grassland and destroyed much of the native plant cover. Where t e native vegetation was weakened or destroyed, the soil was invaded by such weedy annuals as lambsquarter (Chenopodium sp. ) , Russian thistle (Salsola pestifer), pig weed (Amaranthus sp .) , and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) . The severe competition of these ruderals further weakened the native vegetation to the point where, in many cases, it was completely destroyed. These conditions have brought about an increased activity in the field of range research. Until recently there has been relatively little research work done on the revegetation of cultivated land. The greater part of the experimental work, prior to the drought, was carried out with the intention of using domestic forage plants to revegetate the depleted ranges. The present needs in range research are more experimental data on native forage plants and the methods of handling them on revegetation areas. It is more practical to obtain t h is information on small experimental plots than on large revegetation areas where improper methods might prove too costly. To provide a part of this needed information, an experiment was set up at Hays, Kansas, in the spring of 1939 to determine the effect of clipping and weed competition on the spread of pasture grass seedlings.
Transformation
Authors:   , McDonald Charmaine
Published: February 2023

Every day, every individual goes through numerous transformations. This is my presentation of experiences, my record of “transformation”.
Hispanic Mothers of Adolescents : Their Perceptions of Gender, Culture, and Parenting
Authors:   , Maack Sylvia
Published: February 2023

Current research on adolescent Hispanic-Americans deals mostly with delinquency, drug and alcohol abuse, and teenage pregnancy. There is little, if any, information about adolescent Hispanic-American typical development. The purpose of this study was to provide a baseline of Hispanic mothers’ perceptions, focusing on five categories of questions: parenting style, acculturation, gender roles, adolescent’s behavior, and future goals and expectations. Perceptions of mothers having adolescent males were compared to the perceptions of mothers having adolescent females in the five clusters of questions in order to examine gender differences in the mothers’ responses. The study did not find gender differences in the responses made by the mothers in four of the five categories of questions. Acculturation and/or assimilation were examined in relation to the other four categories and were found to have a significant positive relationship with parenting style and future goals and expectations. Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences in the parenting style and gender roles categories based on the mother’s education.
Explorations in Painting
Authors:   , Lowry Keith
Published: February 2023

It was the purpose of this study (1) to explore the possibilities of a variety of painting media tempera, watercolor, oils or a combination of these in order to develop a more dynamic means of expression in painting than hitherto accomplished by the author of this study; (2) to explore the plastic elements (line, form, texture, color and space) as conveyances of the feelings or emotions that the artist attempts to inject into his paintings; (3) to develop a knowledge and better understanding of usable techniques.
The Effects on a Family When a Child Experiences Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors:   , Schneider Janis
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects on a family when a child experiences traumatic brain injury. The subjects were four family members from a small Kansas town. The subjects were tested with the Family Environment Scale (2nd Ed., FES) (Moos and Moos, 1986). The test instrument was used to measure how the family viewed their family environment. The responses were analyzed using the mean, the range, and T scores. The results of the study indicated that Subject A was affected in numerous areas of family environment. Subject A was affected in the areas of cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, independence, achievement orientation, intellectual-cultural orientation, active-recreational orientation, moral religious emphasis, and control. Subject B was affected in the area of control. Subject C was affected in the area of moral religious emphasis. Subject D was affected in the areas of active recreational orientation and organization.
The Creating of Sculpture: An Abstract
Authors:   , Hinkhouse Jim
Published: February 2023

The purpose of my creative thesis in sculpture and of this writing is to develop strength in sculptural expression and a better understanding of the activity involved during the creating.
Selected Factors of a Drug Education Programs
Authors:   , Butler Robin
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate data generated by an ongoing drug education program. The independent variables investigated were gender, family structure, mother image, and father image. The dependent variables investigated were attitude toward substances, knowledge of substances, and self-concept. The subjects consisted of 109 fifth graders and 111 sixth graders, of which 115 were female and 105 were male. The total sample consisted of 220 students. Five composite null hypotheses were tested. Composite null hypotheses number 1-4 were tested with a three-way analysis of variance, and null hypothesis number 5 was tested by a t-test. A 2x4x2 factorial design was employed with composite null hypotheses number 1, 2, and 4. For null hypothesis number 3 a 2x2x2 factorial design was used. The results of the study appear to support the following generalizations: 1) Boys reported more negative attitudes toward substances. 2) Girls had a higher self-esteem than boys. 3) Children living with both natural parents had a higher self-esteem than children living with their divorced mother. 4) Children with a high father image had a higher self-esteem than children with a low father image. 5) Girls had a higher self-concept than boys. 6) Children living with both natural parents had a higher self-concept than children living with their divorced mother. 7) Children with a high father image had a higher self-concept than children with a low father image. 8) Children with a low mother image had more knowledge about substances than children with a high mother image. 9) Children with a high mother image had a more negative attitude toward substances than children with a low mother image. 10) Numerically, girls living with a mother and step-father and with a high father image had a higher self-esteem. 11) Numerically, boys living with their divorced mother and with a low father image had a lower self-esteem. 12) Numerically, children with a high father image and with a high mother image had a higher self-esteem and self-concept. 13) Numerically, children with a low father image and with a high mother image had a lower self-image and self-concept. 14) Numerically, boys living with both natural parents and with a low father image had a higher self-esteem.
Identification of High School Students with Learning Disabilities Attitude of Inclusion in Southwest Kansas
Authors:   , Quillen Bryan
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of high school students with learning disabilities towards inclusionary services. A descriptive research design, which incorporated a questionnaire, was used in this study. One hundred sixty one students from southwest Kansas high schools in 17 school districts were identified as candidates. Of those identified, 135 students completed the questionnaire. The first section of the questionnaire consisted of demographic information, including age, gender, years in the current district, and grade classification. The content section of the questionnaire used statements in four point Likert form allowing for the demonstration of a level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Statements were categorized into groups by learning environment preference, support, friends, grade, and self-esteem. The results indicated that high school students with learning disabilities are in favor of inclusion based on their perceptions of higher self-esteem and increased social relationships resulting from an inclusive setting. Students' perceptions of appropriate learning environment and academic performance also indicated a positive attitude toward inclusion. It was noted that students felt the least positive toward the area of support indicating they felt they received less support in the regular education classroom.
Effects on Practice Frequency and Efficiency of Teaching Practice Strategies to Band Students
Authors: Leavitt Vanessa , null null , null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

Achieving a high degree of mastery and success on an instrument is often a goal of band students, as well as that of their parents, band directors, and lesson teachers. The ability to practice consistently and to make lasting improvements during practice sessions is essential to this mastery. Teaching practice strategies is important for stimulating desire to practice and ensuring productive individual practice. This study explored the correlation between providing band students in grades 6-8 instruction on how and why to practice, and the frequency and efficiency of their individual practice time. During the instructional phase of this study, students learned and applied various practice strategies. Reporting of practice time, knowledge of practice strategies, and practicing ability data was collected prior to and at the conclusion of instruction on practice strategies. The pre- and poststudy data was analyzed, and results supported the hypothesis that an increase in practice frequency occurs following instruction on practice strategies. The data was less conclusive concerning the influence of teaching practice strategies on practice efficiency.
Comparative Techniques for the Control of a Hyperactive Child
Authors:   , Barrett Thomas
Published: February 2023

This experiment compared the separate effects of behavior modifications (Stamps System) and drug therapy (Ritalin) in producing a calming effect in a hyperactive child during speech therapy. An intellectually normal seven-year-old Caucasian child served as the subject. The behaviors to be modified were (1) Out of seat behavior defined as completely leaving the chair; (2) Playing with instructional materials when not specifically being told to do so. An attempt was also made to increase the subject’s skills in the area of auditory attending through a “listening” exercise. The experiment was divided into two treatment phases each of which was preceded by baseline sessions. A calming effect as measured by the frequencies of the target behaviors was graphically evaluated for each treatment. The results supported the hypotheses that the token system would produce more of a calming effect than would drug therapy on all target behaviors. Although both treatments were found to be effective, the Stamps System was more effective and more consistent than was drug therapy.
Relationships Between Temperature and Violent Crime, Property Crime, and Status Crime in Juveniles
Authors:   , Weber Cara
Published: February 2023

The present study examined the maximum temperature outside and reports of violent crime, property crime, and status crime. This study was modeled after a study that was conducted by Anderson, Bushman. & Groom in 1997 in which the investigators took daily maximum temperatures and found that arrests for violent crime increased as temperatures increased. They also found that arrests for property crime remained stable, even when temperatures increased. An added variable in the present study was status crimes, or crimes for which only people under the age of 18 can be charged. This study utilized reports from 1464 juveniles (905 males, 559 females) with ages ranging from 6 to 17 who live in Wyandotte County, Kansas. All reports that were used in this study were from records obtained by the Wyandotte County Juvenile Intake and Assessment Center (JIAC) of juveniles arrested and charged with one of the identified charges. The information that was gathered by the JIAC staff during the assessment process was used as data in this study. There was a significant positive linear correlation between maximum daily temperatures and arrests for violent crimes in youth, R2 =.30, bL= .174, t= 2.70, p <.01. The present study hypothesized that this relationship would be curvilinear instead of linear. This study also found that there was a significant curvilinear relationship between maximum daily temperature and reports of property crime recorded at Wyandotte County's JIAC, .R2 = .75, bc= -.0004, t = -3.18, p < .01. A significant curvilinear relationship, R2 = .84, bc =-.0007. t = -3.36, p <.005, was also found between maximum daily temperatures and reports of status crime recorded at Wyandotte County's JIAC. To summarize, the results of the present study partially support the study that was conducted by Anderson et al (1997). The current study found a linear correlational relationship between temperature and arrests for violent crime. Just as Anderson et al (1997) did. However the current study found that arrests for property crime are curvilinearly related to temperature, whereas Anderson et al (1997) found that arrests for property crime remained stable as temperature increased. The present study also found that arrests tor status crime were curvilinearly related to temperature.
Effects of flooding on photosynthesis and root respiration in Salt cedar (tamarix ramosissima), an invasive riparian shrub
Authors:   , Polacik Kristen
Published: February 2023

The introduced shrub Tamarix ramosissima Lebed. invades riparian zones, but loses competitiveness under flooding. This was tested in Tamarix ramosissima by examining responses to flooding by soil type in a greenhouse setting. A field study examined responses of Tamarix ramosissima and other species to natural flooding. Leaf level photosynthesis rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and root alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity were measured weekly to assess oxygen stress. In the field, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, transpiration, canopy cover, and δ13C were measured as responses to soil water potential, soil moisture, Julian date, relative humidity, and water depth. In the greenhouse study, flooding affected Tamarix ramosissima initially. Photosynthesis rates within flooded plants ranged from 7.5 to 14 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 during the first two weeks, but increased to 26.9 to 27 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 by the fourth week. As flooding progressed, photosynthesis rates increased as plants became acclimated. Lower photosynthesis rates at the onset of flooding could account for the susceptibility of Tamarix ramosissima to flooding. Soil type had no effect on photosynthesis rates or on root ADH activity. Root ADH activity was higher in flooded plants compared to drained plants, indicating oxygen stress in flooded plants. The ability of Tamarix ramosissima to acclimate to flooding within four weeks indicated metabolic acclimation. In the field study, Tamarix ramosissima had lower stomatal conductance and leaf water potential compared to Populus deltoides Bartr. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud at -1.4 MPa and 1.5 mol H2O m-2 s-1. Lower leaf water potential and stomatal conductance in the field can also account for loss of competitiveness of Tamarix ramosissima under flooding. Typha angustifolia L. had the highest canopy cover compared to Tamarix ramosissima, Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., Baccharis salicina Torr. & A. Gray, and Saccharum ravennae (L.) L. Differences in canopy cover indicated Typha angustifolia was more tolerant of flooding compared to Tamarix ramosissima. Nonetheless, T. ramosissima is more flooding tolerant than previously realized. Differences in physiological responses for Tamarix ramosissima could become important for ecological or management concerns with this species.
A History of Fort Zarah, 1864-1869
Authors:   , Hammer Lawrence
Published: February 2023

A wheat field with remnants of crumbled, brownish stone, broken glass, and square-headed nails is the remains of Fort Zarah, abandoned over ninety years ago. For many years a mystery enshrouded the Fort’s existence. The efforts of county historians to uncover documentary historical materials about Fort Zarah were only partially successful. It was the challenge of uncovering forgotten history that created the desire to write this thesis. The early results of research were disappointing, as historical materials were extremely scarce and limited in content. The search for materials was expanded into the National Archives in Washington, the Kansas State Historical Society at Topeka, and the Denver Public Library, as well as all diaries, journals, and newspapers available. In addition to these documents the writer visited the site of Fort Zarah and talked with local historians. Troops had been stationed at the important Walnut Creek Crossing since 1853. Here the Walnut Creek was forded in order to follow the Santa Fe Trail. The growth of commercial intercourse and the discovery of gold in Colorado had brought an increase in the traffic on the Santa Fe Trail, and disturbed the hunting grounds of nomadic Indians, following their chief means of livelihood, the buffalo. In 1864, a general Indian War ensued and added protection on the Santa Fe Trail was needed to protect the fringe area of military posts already established in the region. As a result Fort Zarah, a one-company outpost was established in 1864 near the Walnut Creek Crossing. The life and duty of the soldiers stationed at Fort Zarah was extremely hard and demanding, as Indian attacks were sporadic and the troops were quite busy escorting wagon trains to and from forts Harker, Larned, and the Cow Creek Ranch. In 1866, council was held at Fort Zarah with the Kiowa, Comanche, Cheyenne, Arapahoe, and Apache nations for the purpose of signing the amendments to the Treaty of the Little Wichita. Many prominent leaders of the Indian and Federal Government were present, but only two tribes signed the amendments. In 1867, an enlarged Fort was built at a cost of $110,000, one mile from the original site. One year later the garrison at Fort Zarah successfully repelled an Indian attack of over 150 Kiowas. By 1869, Indian hostilities dropped to a minimum as warring tribes were driven south and westward. With the end of the Indian wars of 1864-1869, Fort Zarah was no longer useful or practical. In October, 1869, the fort was ordered dismantled, and the tin roof and other valuable parts of the structure were removed to Fort Harker.