bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Classes of Quantale Morphisms
Authors:   University of Bucharest, Georgescu George
Published: December 2021

This paper concerns some types of coherent quantale morphisms: Baer, minimalisant, quasi rigid, quasi r- and quasi morphisms. Firstly, we study how the reticulation functor preserves the properties that define these types of quantale morphisms. Secondly, we prove some characterization theorems for quasi rigid, quasi r- and quasi morphisms. These theorems extend some results existing in the literature of ring extensions and frame extensions.
On Model of Manufacturing of an Integrated Circuits Based on Hetero-Structures Under Influence of Mismatch-Induced Stress and Porosity of Materials
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State University, Pankratov E. L.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we introduce an approach to increase density of field-effect transistors framework a downconversion mixer circuit. Framework the approach we consider manufacturing the mixer in heterostructure with specific configuration. Several required areas of the heterostructure should be doped by diffusion or ion implantation. After that dopant and radiation defects should be annealed by framework optimized scheme. We also consider an approach to decrease value of mismatch-induced stress in the considered heterostructure. We introduce an analytical approach to analyze mass and heat transport in heterostructures during manufacturing of integrated circuits with account mismatch-induced stress.
Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen gram negatif gsbl pozitif bakterilerin antibiyotiklere direnç oranları
Authors: ŞENOL Feray Ferda , BAHÇECİ İlkay , AYTAÇ Özlem , ÖNER Pinar , AŞCI TORAMAN Zülal
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Genişlemiş Spektrumlu Beta Laktamaz (GSBL) pozitif mikroorganizmaların neden olduğu enfeksiyonların tedavisindeki zorluklar günümüzde en önemli sağlık sorunlarından biridir. çeşitli bakteriyolojik kültürlerinden izole edilen Gram negatif GSBL pozitif bakterilerin örnek türüne göre ampirik ve semptomatik tedaviye etkili antibiyotiklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç Ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma 1 Ağustos 2019-1 Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında çeşitli servis ve polikliniklerden rutin mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına yollanan idrar, kan, yara, balgam, eklem sıvısı, plevral sıvı örneklerinden izole edilen bakteriyel etkenler ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkların retrospektif araştırılması ile yapılmıştır. Gram negatif GSBL pozitif bakterilerin tanımlanmaları ve antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri konvansiyonel yöntem ve MicroScan (Beckman Coultre, USA ) otomatize sistem ile yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Laboratuvara gönderilen 13,968 klinik örnekten izole edilen 1735 Gram negatif bakterinin 1041 (%60)’i GSBL pozitif idi. 1041 örneğin; 901 (%86,55)’i idrar, 47 (%4,51)’si Trakeal aspirat, 35 (%3,36)’i yara idi. GSBL pozitif bakterilerin en sık izole edilenleri 732(%70,3) ile Escherichia coli, 249(%23,9)’u Klebsiella pneumonia, 22(%2,11)’si Proteus mirabilis oluşturmaktaydı. Bu bakterilerin tamamı ampisilin, ampisilin-sulbaktam ve sefalosporin grubu antibiyotiklere dirençli iken bakterilerin en duyarlı olduğu grup ise karbapenem grubu antibiyotikler idi.

Sonuç: Gram negatif bakterilerde, antibiyotiklere dirençli izole edilen suşların oranlarındaki artış, kullanılabilecek tedavi seçeneklerini oldukça kısıtlamaktadır. Özellikle çoklu antibiyotik dirençli, sıklıkla toplum ve hastane kökenli enfeksiyonlara neden olan Gram negatif GSBL pozitif bakterilerin antibiyotik direnç durumlarının belirlenmesi güncel direnç oranını ortaya çıkaracağı gibi tedavi başarısının artırılmasında yardımcı olacaktır. Her kurum kendi antibiyotik direncini saptayarak ülke verilerine katkı sunmalıdır.
Defects systematization of reinforced concrete bridges of ukrainian railways as the result of their inspection
Authors: Trykoz Liudmyla , Yurchenko Ruslan
Published: December 2021

Visual inspection is the important part of the bridges management. Many defectscan be detected that determine the traffic conditions, service life, and operation cost. Thedeterioration of bridges calls for effective methods for condition evaluation and maintenance as wellas suitable methods of their repair and recovery. This article aims defects systematization ofreinforced concrete bridges to define the effective method for recovering of their technical state. Morethan 100 reinforced concrete bridges in Ukrainian railways were inspected from 2017 to 2021.Ultrasonic pulse velocity, penetration resistance, reinforcement corrosion tests, and rebar locatingwere performed on beams, bed block, and piers of reinforced concrete bridges. It is shown that themost probable reasons of defects are natural impacts (freezing-thawing, moisturizing-drying),technogenic factors (train vibration, leakage current), and technological disadvantages(unsatisfactory production or setting). During the inspection, there are three categories of defectswere defined. The first one does not influence the train traffic (for example, deficient protectiveconcrete layer). The second one can limit the train traffic (for instance, crack width more than 0.3mm). The third category endangers the safe railway operation (such as an intense leaching of cementstone at an area more than 2 m2). It is made a proposal to match external signs of damage withreasons their appearance and methods of recovery. Three main types of repairs are used in Ukrainianrailways: torkret process, steel hooping, waterproof layer. However, the relationship between thetype of defect and the method of recovery has not been estimated before. It is important that themethods of repair and protection will be assigned according to their operation state (a disabled staterequires immediate recovery of the structures) as well as the reasons of appearance (destructiveacts). These methods must prevent a future destruction or protect of the structures.
Justification of a rational option of development of the highspeed railway according to technical, technological and economic criteria
Authors: Kravets Anna Leonidovna , Chernolutskyi Arkadii Valerievich , Serpokrylov Svyatoslav Vitalievich
Published: December 2021

When a new high-speed railway is designed on the routes with the existing mixed(freight and passenger) traffic, part of the trains can be relocated from the existing railway to thenew one. This will have an additional effect of the increasing current capacity of the existing railway. A method is proposed for justification of a rational option for the development of a high-speedrail on the basis of technical, technological and economic criteria. It is proposed to solve the problemof determining the rational option for the development of a high-speed railway as the problem ofoptimal distribution of resources among the components of the railway, taking into account technical,technological and economic criteria. The result is a set of solutions consisting of options for thedevelopment of each component of the railway, which will provide the maximum systemic effect forthe railway as a whole. Each jth option of the development of the ith component of a high-speed railwaycan be described by three main indicators: the travel time of a high-speed train; capital investmentsrequired to implement this option; and the available traffic capacity of the component. Depending onthe problem being solved, each of the listed parameters can act both as a criterion and as a limitation.Depending on the purposes of the design, it is proposed to consider the problem of determiningthe rational option for the railway development either in the direct or inverse setting. In the first case,the systemic effect is expressed by an objective function that minimizes the amount of necessarycapital investments in the railway infrastructure while ensuring the stipulated travel time of a highspeed train. In the second case, the purpose is to minimize the travel time of the train withoutexceeding the specified amount of capital investment in the development of all components of therailway.The results obtained can be used to justify decisions on the use of single-track components andto determine the rational configuration of single-track lines when high-speed traffic is organized.
Fluencja słowna w ocenie logopedycznej. Badania porównawcze w grupie osób młodych i osób w wieku senioralnym
Authors: Budkowska Monika
Published: December 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniu fluencji słownej, postrzeganej na gruncie logopedii jako ważny komponent oceny w wielu jednostkach patologii mowy. Autorka przedstawiła wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych w grupie 40 osób młodych i osób w wieku senioralnym, z zastosowaniem własnej procedury, obejmujących osiem zróżnicowanych prób: ustnych i pisemnych, dotyczących fluencji semantycznej oraz literowej. Prezentując wyniki analizy porównawczej, ilościowej i jakościowej, w ramach badanych kategorii uwzględniła liczbę poprawnie generowanych słów oraz liczbę i zróżnicowanie klastrów, ze zwróceniem uwagi na specyfikę zasobu leksykalnego w kontekście biolektu, a także liczbę popełnionych błędów. Dodatkowo rozpoznała strategie stosowane przez badanych podczas wykonywania zadań i sposoby radzenia sobie z trudnościami z generowaniem słów. Opracowana na potrzeby badań własnych procedura, obejmująca różnorodne rodzaje prób, pozwoliła uszczegółowić ocenę fluencji słownej i pokazać odmienność badanych grup w wyznaczonym zakresie zjawisk.
Wojsko pruskie w Sieradzu (1793–1806)
Authors: Włodarczyk Zdzisław
Published: December 2021

South Prussia – the province created from the lands seized as a result of the Second Partition of Poland (1793) immediately became an integral part of the Hohenzollern monarchy. Immediately, changes began to be made in the way it was managed, striving to resemble the so-called “Old provinces”. In many cities and towns, smaller or larger military units were located – this also applies to Sieradz. Initially, these were small formations. The outbreak of the Kościuszko Uprising in South Prussia and the successes of the insurgents (including the shortterm capture of Sieradz) made the Prussians aware of the need to strengthen their military presence in the province. After the end of the uprising, the fusilier battalion No. 8 was deployed in the city. Several hundred soldiers were constantly staying here, many of them with families, which had an impact on the ethnic face of the small town. For many years, the atmosphere of mutual relations was enlivened by the conflict between the battalion commander and the city authorities. Baron Franz Leopold von Kloch, upon his arrival in the city, purchased the property that used to belong to the late Mayor Antoni Kwiatkowski. In the opinion of the townspeople it happened without their rights, because due to his debts, the house became the property of Sieradz. The magistrate took legal action, and the whole matter was not completed until 1816. The highest factors, including the king himself, were interested in the course and results of the dispute. The departure of most of the army to the war with Napoleonic France (1806) ended the stay of the fusiliers in Sieradz.
Ostrołęka w powstaniu listopadowym 1830–1831
Authors: Augustyniak Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

During the period of the Kingdom of Poland, Ostrołęka, as the capital of the Ostrołęka Oblast and its most populous city, was the local political and economic center of the region. The history of Ostrołęka during the November Uprising can be divided into three periods, inextricably linked with the general course of the uprising. The first is the time of mobilizing forces and resources for the uprising. At that time, Ostrołęka was a local mobilization center. It was here that the Kurpie battalion, the Płock cavalry squadron and the Mobile Guard were formed, which then formed the 17th Line Infantry Regiment. The second period is the time of the war struggle for control over the city with the clashes and skirmishes on February 24, March 26, and May 18. This stage ends with the defeat in the battle of May 26, 1831. The last period is the time when the city was occupied by the Russian army in no danger. Ostrołęka from the November Uprising came out largely destroyed and depopulated. As a result of military operations and the cholera epidemic, the number of inhabitants decreased by 42%. Ostrołęka was the most damaged city in the Płock Province, which was mainly due to the battle of May 26, 1831.
Życie codzienne w Warszawie w początkowej fazie I wojny światowej
Authors: Milewska Marta
Published: December 2021

After the outbreak of World War I, everyday life in Warsaw changed. The great war was remembered by the inhabitants of Warsaw as difficult years, in which they experienced a sense of uncertainty, fear and hunger. The lack of reliable information led to panic in the city and communication chaos. The aim of the article is to show various aspects of everyday life in the capital and the difficulties that resulted from the ongoing war. The article also presents the supply difficulties of the inhabitants of the capital and the problems of medical care. Part of the article contains content about the organization of self-help in Warsaw at the beginning of the First World War. Based on this information, it was possible to establish that thanks to the extensive structures of the Citizens’ Committee and the activities of other charity institutions, help reached the most impoverished ones.
„Witajcie bezdomni, lecz drodzy nam bracia”. Polskie obozy wojskowe na Węgrzech w czasie II wojny światowej
Authors: Łochowska Barbara
Published: December 2021

After the Soviet aggression against Poland in September 1939, the area of the Kingdom of Hungary became the destination for the evacuation of many Polish soldiers. In 1939, despite the cooperation between Hungary and the Third Reich, the citizens of this country made a great effort to help Poles. In the fall of 1939, over 45 000 Polish soldiers were deployed in approximately 140 camps. Most of the camps were established in urban and rural centers, which significantly influenced the appearance as well as the organizational and population structure of towns and villages. Considering the number of civilian refugees, such a large group of the Polish population was a real challenge for the Hungarian authorities in terms of relocating Poles and taking care of them. The issues raised in the article concern the organization of Polish camps for interned soldiers in the Kingdom of Hungary. It describes the impact of the existence of these centers on the functioning of towns and villages, the population living in them, as well as on Poles themselves, from the perspective of whom staying in Hungary was supposed to be a temporary solution.
Специфика юго-западных окраин Ленинграда во время блокады (1941–1944)
Authors: Aleksiejev Denis , Kozhemyakin Aleksey , Minutina-Lobanova Yuliya
Published: December 2021

During the siege of Leningrad its South-Western suburbs, which now consist of Kirovskiy and Krasnoselskiy districts, had the most unusual fates. Krasnoselskiy district was the only part of modern St. Petersburg which was seized by Germans. Its inhabitants suffered from forced displacements and terror politics of the occupants. Kirovskiy, on the other hand, formed first line of the Soviet defense, besides its factories tried to keep on working. But, nevertheless, the both districts shared common features: hunger, artillery bombardment (from different sides), total destruction of infrastructure, depopulation. After the war the both districts turned into a large construction site, where first projects of Soviet-style large-panel construction were implemented. Now the districts possess a great number of places of memory connected to the World War II – old pillboxes, soldier cemeteries, monuments, memorial plates. Most of streets here are named to remind us events of the siege of Leningrad and the World War II.
Ideologiczne oblicze odbudowy śródmieścia Warszawy ze zniszczeń po II wojnie światowej
Authors: Kurcewicz Urszula
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to prove that the reconstruction of Warsaw from the devastation brought by World War II was in actuality the construction of a new capital for a socialist state, following Marxist land development principles. The communist authorities considered rebuilding Warsaw City Centre to be of particular importance. Buildings predating the war were seen as symbols of capitalist social relations, which privileged the urban middle class.
​​Effect of Farm Categories on Quality and Quantity of Milk Produced by Different Crosses of Holstein-Friesian Cows
Authors: Chanda Tanni , Khan M.K.I. , Chanda G.C. , Debnath G.K.
Published: December 2021

Background: Farmers are not satisfied by the production performance of different crossbred Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Therefore, the study was taken to find out the effect of farm categories on milk yield and milk constituents of different HF crossbred at Chattogram, Bangladesh. Methods: This study was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 in Chattogram Metropolitan Area (CMA), Potia, Mirsharai and Fatikchari upazilla (sub-district) of Chittagong, Bangladesh. For this study fourteen (14) commercial dairy farms in three different categories as A (50 greater than milking cows), B (31 greater than 50 milking cows) ,C (11 greater than 30 milking cows) with 98 cows for each of the 3 crosses named as 50%HF×50% Local (L), 75%HF×25%L and 50%HF×50% Sahiwal (SH) at their third parity were selected. Farms under the same category were selected based on similarities in feeding and other management practices. Quality of raw milk was obtained by analyzing the milk samples collected from an individual animal of the selected farm at an interval of seven days by using a milk scanner (Lactostar, Model no. 3510, Funke Gerber, Germany) in the Laboratory of Dairy Science of Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). Result: A significant difference (P less than 0.05) in milk yield and constituents except lactose and minerals was observed among the same and different crossbreds of HF under different farm categories. The highest daily average milk yield and quality were observed in different crosses of farms belong category A, but their performances decreased gradually with poor management systems in farms belong to categories B and C. So, farm category has a significant effect on milk quality and quantity in different crosses of Holstein. This study would help the commercial dairy farmers in choosing suitable crosses of Holstein-Friesian for farms belong to different categories.
​An Annotated Checklist of Finfish and Shellfish Diversity of Pulicat Lake, Southeast Coast of India
Authors: Jesintha N. , Jayakumar N. , Karuppasamy K. , Ahilan B. , Manikandavelu D. , Uma A. , Madhavi K.
Published: December 2021

Background: Pulicat lake is the second largest brackish water lagoon in the country, lying partly in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states along the Coromandel Coast of South India. The present paper gives information on occurrence, habitat preference, trophic level, human utility and fishery status of finfish and shellfish species of the Pulicat Lake. Methods: An extensive survey was conducted on finfish and shellfish diversity of Pulicat Lake from November 2019 to March 2021, selecting four fish landing centres viz, Pazhaverkadu, Arambakkam (fishing villages in Tamil Nadu), Venadu and Vatembedu (fishing villages in Andhra Pradesh) situated along the Lake. Result: In the present study, A total of 145 species including species of finfishes (95), prawns (8), crabs (7) and 35 molluscs (35) were documented from the Lake. Among the four selected landing centres, the highest diversity was observed in Pazhaverkadu, registering 143 species followed by Arambakkam (123), Vatembedu (85) and Venadu (77).
The effect of biochar application on soil properties and growth of the model plant Zea mays
Authors: Sovova Sarka , Enev Voitech , Smilek Jiri , Kubikova Leona , Trudicova Monika , Hajzler Jan , Kalina Michal
Published: December 2021

The classic way of land cultivation means the use of inorganic fertilizers that are salts that dissolve rapidly in a short time and improve soil fertility. This process negatively affects soil salinity and the life of microorganisms. The use of biochar as a soil conditioner is a promising solution. The aim of the work is to enrich the properties of less fertile soils and to enhance the growth of the model plant Zea mays (corn) by biochar application. We used four different soil types commonly spread in the Czech Republic – regosol, chernozem, cambisol and fluvisol representing a broad range of organic matter content. Also, we applied two different EBC (The European Biochar Certificate) certified biochars for use in agriculture. Corn seeds were germinated and cultivated for 3 months in repeated plant life cycles. Soils and biochar samples were characterized before and after cultivation by TGA, EA, BET, SEM, extraction of organic matter. The effect of biochar application was observed continuously through the measurement of plant height, the number of leaves and cobs. After the finalization of cultivation experiments, the dry mass of individual plants was measured, and root image analysis of every plant was performed. Fluvisol and cambisol have much higher organic matter content than regosol and chernozem. The application of biochar had the most significant impact on regosol regardless of the application dose; these results are in good agreement with the root image analysis. Furthermore, plants in soils treated with biochar had more corn cobs. The analysis on biochar samples showed the continual leaching of both organic and inorganic molecules from biochar to surrounding soil, which is crucial for its possible use as a soil conditioner and confirms the long-timescale positive effect on soil properties.
Gambaran Histopatologi Kauda Epididimis Domba yang Disimpan pada Suhu 4ºC dalam Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
Authors: Satrio Faisal Amri , Estuningsih Sri , Karja Ni Wayan Kurniani
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerusakan jaringan kauda epididimis domba selama empat hari penyimpanan dengan atau tanpa DMEM pada suhu 4 ºC. Sebanyak 15 pasang kauda epididimis dikoleksi dari tempat pemotongan hewan dan disimpan dengan cara salah satu dari setiap pasang kauda epididimis dimasukan ke dalam DMEM dan bagian lainnya disimpan tanpa menggunakan DMEM. Preparat histopatologi jaringan kauda epidimis dilakukan setelah penyimpanan pada suhu 4 ºC (H-0), lalu dilanjutkan setelah penyimpanan pada suhu 4 ºC selama 24 jam (H-1), 48 jam (H-2), 72 jam (H-3), dan 96 jam (H-4). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapsula kauda epididimis secara nyata mengalami penebalan pada H-2 untuk penyimpanan tanpa DMEM dan H-4 untuk penyimpanan menggunakan DMEM (P<0,05). Kerusakan epitel kauda epididimis mengalami peningkatan mulai H-1, namun jumlah kerusakan di H-4 pada penyimpanan menggunakan DMEM lebih sedikit dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan DMEM (P<0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penyimpanan kauda epididimis pada suhu 4 ºC menggunakan DMEM dapat mengurangi tingkat kerusakan epitel kauda epididimis hingga jam ke-96 dan memperlambat kerusakan kapsula kauda epididimis hingga jam ke-48.
PENDEKATAN FACILITATED E-LEARNING DENGAN METODE 5E TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING [USING A FACILITATED E-LEARNING APPROACH AND THE 5E METHOD TO INCREASE STUDENT ACTIVENESS DURING ONLINE LEARNING]
Authors: Putra Julius Eldorado Antupenka Sulis Omega , Listiani Tanti
Published: December 2021

During the Covid-19 pandemic, learning was carried out online. It takes student activeness with the right approach and method to provide maximal learning experiences and learning outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of the facilitated e-learning approach combined with the 5E method on student activeness in learning. This paper used the descriptive qualitative research method. Students are imagebearers of God so a teacher should view students as special and valuable. Students have reason and ability so it can be said that they are active individuals. Therefore, a teacher should always encourage their activiteness during the learning process. Implementing the facilitated e-learning approach with the 5E method is the right solution because the students carry out learning activities independently with the teacher in the role of facilitator.  This has the potential to encourage student activeness in online learning so that students can get the maximum learning experience and learning outcomes and teachers can provide God-centered learning. In applying these approaches and methods, a teacher needs careful and measured preparation in order to provide the maximum learning experience even though it is carried out online.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Selama pandemi covid-19, pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara daring. Dibutuhkan keaktifan siswa dengan pendekatan dan metode yang tepat untuk tetap memberikan pengalaman belajar dan hasil belajar yang maksimal. Tujuan penulisan dari penelitian ini untuk memaparkan penerapan pendekatan facilitated e-learning dikolaborasikan dengan metode 5E terhadap keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini disusun dengan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil pembahasan dari penelitian, siswa merupakan gambar dan rupa Allah sehingga seorang guru hendaknya memandang siswa istimewa dan berharga. Siswa memiliki akal dan kemampuan sehingga siswa dapat dikatakan sebagai pribadi yang aktif. Maka dari itu, seorang guru hendaknya dapat selalu mendorong keaktifan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Kesimpulannya, menerapkan pendekatan facilitated e-learning dengan metode 5E merupakan solusi yang tepat karena siswa melakukan aktivitas pembelajaran secara mandiri dengan guru memiliki peran sebagai fasilitator yang berpotensi mendorong keaktifan siswa dalam pembelajaran daring sehingga siswa dapat mendapatkan pengalaman belajar dan hasil belajar yang maksimal serta guru dapat memberikan pembelajaran yang berpusat pada Allah. Disarankan seorang guru dalam menerapkan pendekatan dan metode tersebut perlu memberikan persiapan yang matang dan terukur agar dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar yang maksimal meskipun dilaksanakan secara daring.
DANÇA-EDUCAÇÃO E(M) COMUNIDADES: UM DIÁLOGO INTRODUTÓRIO
Authors: Nunes João Vítor Ferreira
Published: December 2021

Sabe-se que a presença da Dança nas Comunidades é algo recorrente, e também é sabido que através de seu ensino nesses contextos há um abraçar de sujeitos de diferentes idades, gêneros, raças, classes e crenças, cuja iniciativa de educação artística em comunidades partiram de indivíduos que a reconheceram como potência transformadora. Neste artigo, ergueu-se tripés de interlocução entre dança e educação em periferias, cujo objetivo fora discutir sua presença, importância e seus impactos. Por fim, coube ainda apontar que se tratou de um estudo introdutório, ora com revisão bibliográfica e analítica, como também experiências empíricas, que buscou pensar na dança-educação em comunidades menos favorecidas.
Physico-chemical Properties and Possible Applications of Sewage Sludge Combustion Ash
Authors: Panferov Andrey , Ivakhniuk Grigory , Garabadzhiu Alexandr
Published: December 2021

The main problems and prospects of water disposal systems of such a megalopolis as Saint Petersburg are considered. Methods for processing sewage sludge to an ecologically safe state, as well as the use of sludge combustion ash at the Central Aeration Station (CAS) in Saint Petersburg are proposed. Special attention was paid to the issues of sludge management in the sewage system of domestic wastewater. The possibility of using ash for extinguishing and eliminating oil spills at the CAS was confirmed experimentally in comparison with similar capabilities of marshalite and fine-grained construction sand. A method for preparing dry building mixes based on Portland cement for obtaining low-water demand construction binders was proposed.
Effects of different trunk girdlings on fruit yield and pomological characteristics of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Hachiya)
Authors: YILMAZ Neşe , ŞEKER Murat , GÜR Engin , GÜNDOĞDU Mehmet Ali , POLATÖZ Sefa , EKİNCİ Neslihan
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study was performed to determine the effects of two girdling practices on yield and some pomological properties of persimmon trees in 2019. Material and Methods: The gridling practices were applied to Hachia variety, common in Çanakkale, as single girdling, double girdling and control. Girdling treatments were performed after full blossom in full yield trees. Fruit yield and some pomological properties of the variety were determined. Fruit weight, fruit width, fruit size, fruit skin colour (L, a, b), pH, titratable acidity (TA) (%), fruit flesh firmness (kg / cm2) and total soluble solid content (TSS) were determined. Results: The highest yield per tree was obtained from the control (120.74 kg tree-1) treatment. The largest fruits with a value of 383.23 g were obtained from double girdling treatment. The double girdling application provided the highest values in terms of fruit length and fruit width (79.22 mm, 94.71 mm, respectively). There was a significant difference (p
INVESTIGATION OF DOGECOIN PRICE MOVEMENTS: A GSADF ANALYSIS
Authors: ÖNCÜ Erdem
Published: December 2021

Today, people provide information through different channels. The information channels used can affect the decision-making mechanism due to asymmetric information or different tendencies. Especially in recent years, people use social media to reach information quickly. Therefore, notifications made on social media reveal economic results. Cryptocurrencies are digital currencies intended to be used as currency. Unlike their traditional financial rivals, cryptocurrencies are not backed by a central bank or authority.

The success of cryptocurrencies depends on its infrastructure, the block chain. Especially in recent years, the popularity of cryptocurrencies has increased. After the popularization of cryptocurrencies, digital currencies are discussed more especially in the media. In addition to the positive features, negative features are also included in the media. There are concerns about the misuse of cryptocurrencies. It is mentioned that cryptocurrencies provide financing for criminal organizations and are used in money laundering. In addition to these, it is reported that cryptocurrencies are used for tax evasion.

The lack of intrinsic value of cryptocurrencies puts investors in trouble in terms of investment and price determination. Cryptocurrencies, which are digital currencies, have many digital price determinants such as social media. Two different objectives were determined in this study. The first is the detection of the presence of bubbles in Dodgecoin prices. The second is the examination of the relationship between bubbles and tweeter notifications. In the study, Dodgecoin prices between May 2020 and May 2021 are examined with the GSADF test. From May 2020 until May 2021, 10 different price bubbles are observed. Some bubbles can be associated with tweets by Elon Musk. However, the biggest bubble observed, the April 2021 price bubble, is due to a different reason.
THE EFFECTS of HEAVY METAL APPLICATIONS on ANTIOXIDANT DEFENCE ACTIVATION in BARLEY and WHEAT VARIETIES
Authors: OZTETİK Elif
Published: December 2021

Heavy metals are known as agents for oxidative stress by formation of reactive oxygen species and accumulated on the earth. This accumulation can than be transported via food chain to humans and causes some more serious health problems. As a multicellular higher organisms, plants are the first stop for heavy metal accumulation during this traffic. Therefore, plants are not only the vehicle of this transportation, but also another affected organisms together with animals and humans, due to their lowered self productivity. However, as antioxidant defence systems play a crucial defence against oxidative stress, these responses could be used as early biomarkers of heavy metal toxicity in plants. Based on this, we have examined whether antioxidant defence responses are reliable indicators for the toxicity of heavy metals cadmium and lead in different crop plants within this study. By using the seeds of Hordeum vulgare cv. Çıldır and Triticum aestivum cv. Gerek, different single and combined concentrations of CdCl2 and PbCl2 treatments were applied to investigate glutathione (GSH), protein contents and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the roots and shoots of these mentioned varieties. Our results shown that, heavy metals had an effect on the tested parameters and variability in results reflect the differences in the rate of metabolism with regard to heavy metals between varieties. On the other hand, due to the high GSH and GST values observed in the studied plants, it should be mentioned that they are generally adaptable to stress conditions with regard to applied heavy metals in the study.
L’historiographie contemporaine des Juifs de l’Afrique du nord antique
Authors: Villey Thomas
Published: December 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de proposer une synthèse sur la production historiographique relative aux Juifs de l’Afrique antique, depuis la première étude consacrée à ce sujet en 1818 jusqu’à nos jours. Après une présentation chronologique des différentes études sur le sujet, qui a surtout retenu l’attention des chercheurs dans les années 1880-1910 et depuis les années 1960, il revient sur les deux visions opposées des Juifs africains qui émergent de ces études. L’article présente pour finir les nouvelles perspectives de la recherche depuis les années 2000 et quelques travaux qui ont contribué à remettre en cause l’idée selon laquelle les Juifs africains auraient pratiqué dès la fin du IIe siècle de notre ère un judaïsme de type rabbinique.
Contemporary Historiography on Christianity in Roman Africa
Authors: Bass Alden
Published: December 2021

This essay follows the broad contours of patristic and ecclesiastical history relative to African Christianity. Rival Catholic and Protestant narratives of the origin and trajectory of African Christianity in the early modern period continued to influence historiography, even after the acceptance of critical historical methods in the 19th century. The advent of archeological research in the colonial period opened new vistas on African history and ushered in the sociohistorical approach which characterized early Christian studies in the 20th century. Finally, the “linguistic turn” in early Christian studies inspired by critical theory has directed recent research toward issues surrounding the identities of African Christians, rhetorical and real.
Rethinking the taproot of the security challenges in Africa: bringing back the colonial legacy
Authors:   Research Fellow, Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Mustapha Ahmed Badawi , Abdallah Imam Haruna ,   PhD Candidate: International Relations, Social Sciences University of Ankara, Turkey
Published: December 2021

This paper offers a counter-narrative to the constricted Western narratives that often discount how colonial domination, exploitation, and external interference have shaped Africa’s past and present, especially in the area of security. It focuses on the numerous security challenges in Africa and its complex historical nexus to the colonial legacy. The piece draws from the variegated dominant arguments and counterarguments on African (in)security issues, colonial rule, and the theoretical security models and concepts. The paper demonstrates, through an exploration of the formation of postcolonial states, that colonialism cannot be excused as some distant root cause of the security problem on the continent, but has deliberately crafted some specific subjects, societies and states that serve to perpetuate the challenges in the security complex of Africa. Keywords: security, colonial legacy, nation-state, Africa
Modern approaches to prevention of non-communicable diseases in the state program of healthcare development of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Palevskaya S. A. , Kasymzhanova A. T. , Moklyachenko A. V. , Blashentsev M. K.
Published: December 2021

Problems of prevention of noncommunicable diseases are relevant for many countries of the world. This is due to the fact that the burden of noncommunicable diseases is growing from year to year, creating new challenges to the health systems of various countries. To address these problems, various programs are being implemented, both defining General prevention strategies across the country, and programs to combat individual risk factors. The article presents an analysis of programs aimed at fighting cancer, implemented in various countries. The essence analysis of the program showed that the main tasks, key priorities and directions of the state program for health development of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Salamatty Kazakhstan” (Healthy Kazakhstan) for 2011–2015 were formed and implemented taking into account the trends of economic, social and demographic development of the country. The usefulness of this complex intersectoral organizational technology for strengthening public health at the national level is shown, and evidence of the effectiveness of the program is provided.
The Impact of Digital and Green Innovation Strategy on Citizen Trust Towards Sustainable Financial Performance of Local Government
Authors: Amerieska Siti , Nugrahani Novi , Marsely Mika , Rahayu Santi
Published: December 2021

The unit of analysis in this study is local government data from Indonesia. The goal of this research is to identify the impact of fiscal stress and citizen trust on digital and green innovation strategies. This study also seeks to as certain the impact of digital and green innovation strategies on the impact of fiscal stress and citizen trust on sustainable financial performance. This research uses a descriptive verification method in conjunction with a quantitative approach. Path analysis is an analytical method used in the processing of statistical data. The research samples in this study are 148 Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD) from East Java Province. The tests showed that fiscal pressure and citizen trust have a significant impact on digital and green innovation strategies. The test results also show that fiscal stress and digital and green innovation strategies have a significant effect on sustainable financial performance, whereas citizen trust has no significant effect on sustainable financial performance. Simultaneously, digital and green innovation strategy are critical for mitigating the impact of fiscal stress and increasing citizens' trust sustainable financial performance.
MODERN APPROACHES TO TEACHING TELECOMMUNICATIONS DISCIPLINES
Authors: Kravchuk Serhii
Published: December 2021

Background. The directions and methods of training telecommunications personnel are constantly evolving in accordance with the growing volume of information exchange in society. Telecommunications as a display of the means and methods of information transmission have come a long way from purely radio engineering systems to heterogeneous systems with a complex network infrastructure and intelligent methods of information processing. Accordingly, the approaches to the training of telecommunications personnel are also changing. If in the early 80s preference in training was given to radio technologies, now it is network and software technologies.

Objective. The purpose of this work is to present the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of the educational process in standard and mixed modes, structuring subjects in accordance with the requirements of the modern labor market.

Methods. The unpredictable deep essence and uncertainty of the information space of the professions for which higher education prepares students today leads to a change in the teaching paradigm. Methods and structuring of building the learning process with obtaining the maximum effect of the student's readiness for their practical activities are investigated.

Results. Possible ways of implementation of new requirements for personnel training for the new paradigm of the unified industry "Information Technologies and Telecom" are presented; the main directions of the formation of the general structure of training of telecommunications personnel on the example of the educational program "Engineering and programming of infocommunications"; recommendations for the organization of the educational process in full-time and remote modes. It is shown that with the correct organization of the educational process, blended learning can improve the quality of learning, especially in the context of reducing the hours of "classroom lessons" by transferring part of the educational process to the online environment.

Conclusions. University graduates constitute the potential foundation of today's specialist market. Nevertheless, the problem of their professional adaptation, at the moment, remains relevant. Therefore, the paper proposes to solve this problem using the presented multilateral approach.
Construction Features of Devices for Charging Electric Vehicles
Authors: Yama Oleksii Serhiiovych , Olishevskii Yurii Serhiiovych
Published: December 2021

The electric vehicle (EV) market is actively developing by leading car manufacturers around the world. The main efforts of developers are aimed at creating an efficient energy storage device - a rechargeable battery, because its parameters largely characterize the EV: power reserve and acceleration, engine power and others. But for the comfortable existence of EV in urban conditions requires a certain infrastructure, which includes charging stations, containing all the necessary equipment to charge the battery. In the results use many different terms and definitions that often describe the same phenomenon. This paper substantiates the need for systematization and analysis of equipment for charging electric vehicles. The methods of charging electric cars are considered in the work, the information on the ways of charging EV is arranged, parallels between different standards are made. Chargers for electric vehicles can be classified as follows: AC charging and DC charging. Both methods of EV charging are regulated by different standards in different countries. The US and Japan use the SAE J1772 standard, it covers both types of charging methods mentioned above. Its European adaptation is IEC 61851. The standard describes the power level of charging stations and types of EV sockets. The charging mode describes the safety communication protocol between the electric vehicle and the charging station. To establish a serial connection between the electric vehicle and the EVSE, there is a function "PILOT", which refers to the protocol IEC 61851, provides the necessary functions related to the communication of EV and EVSE. The connection detection sequence is performed automatically when the EVSE power control cable is physically connected to the EV. Of the many variants of controlled AC chargers, according to the authors, the most promising is the option based on an open project. The advantages are open data on the applied circuit solutions and code, as well as low cost compared to industrial designs, the availability of a user-friendly interface, the ability to create your own mobile application and connect a payment system. The disadvantage of the IEC 61851 protocol is the limited exchange of EVSE data with EV. Because only data on initialization, process and charge stop is transmitted via the exchange channel. The charging station cannot estimate the type of electric car, its characteristics, capacity and battery condition, maximum charging speed, etc. Implementing the above could be useful for creating things like load balancing and the potential for a possible return of electricity to the grid.
Queering Environmental Justice: Unequal Environmental Health Burden on the LGBTQ+ Community
Authors: Goldsmith Leo , Bell Michelle L.
Published: December 2021

The LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/-sexual, queer or questioning, intersex, asexual, and all subsects) population has been the target of federal and state discriminatory policies leading to high levels of institutional discrimination in the housing, employment, and health sectors. Social determinants of health such as housing conditions, economic opportunities, and access to health care may negatively and disproportionately affect the LGBTQ+ population and reduce their capacity to respond to environmental harm (e.g., obtaining necessary medical care).

Social determinants of health have been shown to be associated with unequal harmful environmental exposure, primarily along lines of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. However, chronic diseases, such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, associated with environmental exposure have been shown to occur in higher rates in the LGBTQ+ population than in the cisgender, heterosexual population.

We explore how environmental exposures may disproportionately affect the LGBTQ+ population through examples of environmental exposures, health risks that have been linked to environmental exposures, and social institutions that could affect resilience to environmental stressors for this population. We provide recommendations for policymakers, public health officials, and researchers. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):79–87. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306406 )
Racial/Ethnic and Age Differences in the Direct and Indirect Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on US Mortality
Authors: Zalla Lauren C. , Mulholland Grace E. , Filiatreau Lindsey M. , Edwards Jessie K.
Published: December 2021

Objectives. To estimate the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on overall, race/ethnicity‒specific, and age-specific mortality in 2020 in the United States.

Methods. Using surveillance data, we modeled expected mortality, compared it to observed mortality, and estimated the share of “excess” mortality that was indirectly attributable to the pandemic versus directly attributed to COVID-19. We present absolute risks and proportions of total pandemic-related mortality, stratified by race/ethnicity and age.

Results. We observed 16.6 excess deaths per 10 000 US population in 2020; 84% were directly attributed to COVID-19. The indirect effects of the pandemic accounted for 16% of excess mortality, with proportions as low as 0% among adults aged 85 years and older and more than 60% among those aged 15 to 44 years. Indirect causes accounted for a higher proportion of excess mortality among racially minoritized groups (e.g., 32% among Black Americans and 23% among Native Americans) compared with White Americans (11%).

Conclusions. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality and health disparities are underestimated when only deaths directly attributed to COVID-19 are considered. An equitable public health response to the pandemic should also consider its indirect effects on mortality. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):154–164. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306541 )
Cold Weather and Cardiac Arrest in 4 Seasons: Helsinki, Finland, 1997‒2018
Authors: Ryti Niilo R. I. , Nurmi Jouni , Salo Ari , Antikainen Harri , Kuisma Markku , Jaakkola Jouni J. K.
Published: December 2021

Objectives. To test the a priori hypothesis that out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with cold weather during all seasons, not only during the winter.

Methods. We applied a case‒crossover design to all cases of nontraumatic OHCA in Helsinki, Finland, over 22 years: 1997 to 2018. We statistically defined cold weather for each case and season, and applied conditional logistic regression with 2 complementary models a priori according to the season of death.

Results. There was an association between cold weather and OHCA during all seasons, not only during the winter. Each additional cold day increased the odds of OHCA by 7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4%, 10%), with similar strength of association during the autumn (6%; 95% CI = 0%, 12%), winter (6%; 95% CI = 1%, 12%), spring (8%; 95% CI = 2%, 14%), and summer (7%; 95% CI = 0%, 15%).

Conclusions. Cold weather, defined according to season, increased the odds of OHCA during all seasons in similar quantity.

Public Health Implications. Early warning systems and cold weather plans focus implicitly on the winter season. This may lead to incomplete measures in reducing excess mortality related to cold weather. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):107–115. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306549 )