bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA DAMAI OLEH HAKIM DALAM MEMINIMALISIR TERHADAP KASUS PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA MANADO
Authors: Sayyid Muhammad Noval Molachele
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang paya damai yang di lakukan hakim dalam meminimalisir kasus perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Manado. Adapun masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah, Bagaimana tugas dan wewenang hakim di Pengadilan Agama Manado? dan bagaimana upaya hakim dalam meminimalisir terjadinya perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Manado? bertujuan untuk mengetahui Bagaimana upaya damai oleh hakim dalam meminimalisir kasus perceraian serta pelaksanaanya di Pengadilan Agama Manado. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (Field Research ), dengan mengambil lokasi penelitian di Pengadilan Agama Manado. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap subjek penelitian. Adapun yang menjadi subjek penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah hakim di Pengadilan Agama Manado yang menjadi hakim mediator dalam tahapan mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Manado. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu upaya yang dilakukan hakim mediasi dalam membantu meminimalisir perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Manado ditempuh dengan beberapa metode yaitu pertama melalui bimbingan individual yang meliputi wawancara mendalam dan mediasi satu persatu/ face to face. Kedua melalui bimbingan kelompok yang meliputi pemberian nasihat/solusi dan sharing.
PANDANGAN MADZHAB SYAFI’I TERHADAP TANAH HIBAH YANG DIJADIKAN MASJID DI DUSUN CANGGI KABUPATEN PASURUAN
Authors: Abdul Fattah
Published: April 2023

This study aims to find out the process of the occurrence of land grants that were turned into mosques according to Imam Syafi'i's view and to know the views of the Syafi'i Madzhab on the existence of land grants that were turned into mosques. This study uses a type of qualitative research. The results of this study are that according to the opinion of Imam Syafi'i it is stated that it is forbidden (permissible) to exchange land grants that are used as mosques, this opinion is based on the hadith of Rasulullah SAW which originates from Ibn Umar which in essence donated assets may not be traded and may not be donated and also inherited . According to Islamic law circles, the donated assets are left as they are, so they cannot be exchanged and changed, even though the donated land has more benefits. In contrast to the Islamic legal opinion above, it turns out that the community of Dusun Canggi, Sekarmojo Village, Pasuruan Regency stated that it is permissible for the law to exchange land grants that are used as mosques. This has happened in Dusun Canggi, Sekarmojo Village, although not many. The reason they allow it is because there are more benefits, so they think it is permissible. The permission to exchange the donated land for the mosque is an initiative of the grant management agency, so that with their joint decision there has been an exchange of the donated land for the mosque.
Egyezség a bűnösség beismeréséről – érvek, ellenérvek
Authors: Vida József
Published: April 2023

Aim: The settlement on the admission of guilt is a relatively new legal institution in our criminal procedure law. Not even five years have passed since the entry into force of the relevant regulation, however, the representatives of the profession are still keenly interested in the question of whether the results of the legal application of the agreement justify the legislator’s expectations. The author of this study aims to reflect on some significant critical professional observations from his point of view.Methodology: The author discusses the regulatory history of the legal institution and the legislative intent behind it. It quotes the most important scientific research results. Eventually, it draws conclusions based on statistical indicators.Findings: The low statistical data of the settlement does not give a complete picture to consider this legal institution. According to the author’s point of view, it is not merely a question of quantity but also quality. It can be concluded that, in practice, settlement typically takes place in complex, complicated cases, whose financial and human resources, as well as their social focus, exceed the average.Value: The study sheds light on the issue of how the settlement is judged from a new angle, therefore shading the criticism that this legal instrument did notfulfil the expectations attached to it.
A nemzetközi tudományos láthatóság eszközei
Authors: Németh Viktor
Published: April 2023

Aim: Péter Sasvári and Anna Urbanovics present the importance, place and role of contemporary use of science metrics in this volume. The purpose of the presentation of science metrics is clearly the dissemination of knowledge that draws attention from young scientists to professors for everyone applying this knowledge system in a consciously planned manner.Methodology: The authors used a description and analysis of science metrics studies to achieve the set goals. This analysis has been prepared up-to-date and illustratively.Findings: The authors have clearly achieved their goal by presenting current publishing systems. Not only are formal requirements introduced but they also logically build the most important aspects of modern publishing in a step by step, logical way.Values: „Creating science metrical analysis to the individual from its own research area with its 21st century IT tools no longer requires a lot of time and is not too complicated. At the same time, like all other real useful competence, this knowledge becomes the researcher’s habit of measuring the performance of their own sciences, not only knowing how to cultivate publication, but makes it possible from time to time.” (Sasvári & Urbanovics, 2021).
Masni a szilvafa árnyékában Az utolsó baranyai halálraítélt ügyének kriminalisztikai tanulságai
Authors: Fenyvesi Csaba
Published: April 2023

Aim: Lessons summarising of a 48 years ago happened childmurder criminal investigation.Methodology: Data collection from relevant criminal documents and author’s personal datacollecting.Findings: Investigating failures can lead to cold case.Value: An 1974 murder-case can give good direcitons and lessons for the today investigators.
Neurobiológia és bűnözés: Etikai szempontok
Authors: Torma Albert
Published: April 2023

Aim: This review draws attention to the ethical dilemmas associated with research into crime and its neurobiological underpinnings.Methodology: The presentation of the paper is based on the methodology of content analysis and a professional analysis following the structure of the article.Findings: The author points to the ethical limits of the neurobiological reasons behind criminal behaviour, and urges moderation and caution in the use of scientific findings in legal proceedings.Value: The study highlights the boundaries of disciplines, especially natural sciences and medicine, and the concerns of researchers, which is a less preferred subject within the field of scientific research.
Planetary Parameters, XUV Environments, and Mass-loss Rates for Nearby Gaseous Planets with X-Ray-detected Host Stars
Authors: Spinelli Riccardo , Gallo Elena , Haardt Francesco , Caldiroli Andrea , Biassoni Federico , Borsa Francesco , Rauscher Emily
Published: April 2023

We leverage Gaia DR2 parallactic distances to deliver new or revised estimates of planetary parameters and X-ray irradiation for a distance-limited (≲100 pc) sample of 27 gaseous planets (from super-Earths to hot Jupiters) with publicly available Chandra and/or XMM observations, for which we carry out a homogeneous data reduction. For 20 planets with X-ray-detected host stars we make use of the photoionization hydrodynamics code ATES to derive updated atmospheric mass outflow rates. The newly derived masses/radii are not consistent with the exoplanet.eu values for five systems: HD 149026b and WASP-38, for mass, and Au Mic b, HAT-P-20, and HAT-P-2 for radii. Notably, the lower mass implies a (Saturn-like) density of 0.86 ± 0.09 g cm−3 for HD 149026b. This independent estimate is consistent with the lowest values reported in the literature. Separately, we report on the X-ray detection of GJ 9827, HD 219134, and LHS 1140 for the first time. The inferred stellar X-ray luminosity of LHS 1140 (

1.34

−
0.21

+
0.19

×

10

26

erg s−1) implies that LHS 1140 b is the least irradiated transiting super-Earth known to orbit within the habitable zone of a nearby M dwarf.
Chemodynamically Tagged Groups of CEMP Stars in the Halo of the Milky Way. I. Untangling the Origins of CEMP-s and CEMP-no Stars
Authors: Zepeda Joseph , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M. , Shank Derek , Gudin Dmitrii , Hirai Yutaka , Mardini Mohammad , Pifer Colin , Catapano Thomas , Calagna Sean
Published: April 2023

We construct a sample of 644 carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars with abundance analyses based on moderate- to high-resolution spectroscopic studies. Dynamical parameters for these stars are estimated based on radial velocities, Bayesian parallax-based distance estimates, and proper motions from Gaia EDR3 and DR3, supplemented by additional available information where needed. After separating our sample into the different CEMP morphological groups in the Yoon–Beers diagram of absolute carbon abundance versus metallicity, we used the derived specific energies and actions (E, J

r
, J

ϕ
, J

z
) to cluster them into Chemodynamically Tagged Groups (CDTGs). We then analyzed the elemental-abundance dispersions within these clusters by comparing them to the dispersion of clusters that were generated at random. We find that, for the Group I (primarily CEMP-s and CEMP-r/s) clustered stars, there exist statistically insignificant intracluster dispersions in [Fe/H], [C/Fe]
c
(evolution corrected carbon), and [Mg/Fe] when compared to the intracluster dispersions of randomly clustered Group I CEMP stars. In contrast, the Group II (primarily CEMP-no) stars exhibit clear similarities in their intracluster abundances, with very low, statistically significant, dispersions in [C/Fe]
c
and marginally significant results in [Mg/Fe]. These results strongly indicate that Group I CEMP stars received their carbon enhancements from local phenomena, such as mass transfer from an evolved binary companion in regions with extended star formation histories, while the CDTGs of Group II CEMP stars formed in low-metallicity environments that had already been enriched in carbon, likely from massive rapidly rotating ultra- and hyper-metal-poor stars and/or supernovae associated with high-mass early-generation stars.
The Evryscope Fast Transient Engine: Real-time Detection for Rapidly Evolving Transients
Authors: Corbett Hank , Carney Jonathan , Gonzalez Ramses , Fors Octavi , Galliher Nathan , Glazier Amy , Howard Ward S. , Law Nicholas M. , Quimby Robert , Ratzloff Jeffrey K. , Soto Alan Vasquez
Published: April 2023

Astrophysical transients with rapid developments on subhour timescales are intrinsically rare. Due to their short durations, events like stellar superflares, optical flashes from gamma-ray bursts, and shock breakouts from young supernovae are difficult to identify on timescales that enable spectroscopic follow-up. This paper presents the Evryscope Fast Transient Engine (EFTE), a new data reduction pipeline that is designed to provide low-latency transient alerts from the Evryscopes—a north–south pair of ultra-wide-field telescopes with an instantaneous footprint covering 38% of the entire sky—and tools for building long-term light curves from Evryscope data. EFTE leverages the optical stability of the Evryscopes by using a simple direct image subtraction routine that is suited to continuously monitoring the transient sky at a cadence of a minute. Candidates are produced within the base Evryscope 2 minute cadence for 98.5% of images, and internally filtered using vetnet, a convolutional neural network real–bogus classifier. EFTE provides an extensible and robust architecture for transient surveys probing similar timescales, and serves as the software test bed for the real-time analysis pipelines and public data distribution systems for the Argus Array, a next-generation all-sky observatory with a data rate 62 times higher than that of Evryscope.
Turbulence in Zeeman Measurements from Molecular Clouds
Authors: Cao Zhuo , Li Hua-bai
Published: April 2023

Magnetic fields (B fields) play an important role in molecular cloud fragmentation and star formation but are very difficult to detect. The temporal correlation between the field strength (B) and gas density (n) of an isolated cloud has been suggested as an indication of the dynamical importance of B fields relative to self-gravity. This temporal B–n relation is, however, unobservable. What can be observed using Zeeman measurements are the “spatial B–n relations” from the current plane of the sky. Nevertheless, the temporal B–n relation argument has still been widely used to interpret observations. Here we present the first numerical test of the legitimacy of this interpretation. From a simulation that can reproduce the observed Zeeman spatial B ∝ n
2/3 relation, we found that temporal B
–n relations of individual cores bear no resemblance to the spatial B
–n relations. This result inspired us to discover that the true mechanism behind the 2/3 index is random turbulence compression instead of symmetrical gravitational contraction.
The Efficiency of Electron Acceleration during the Impulsive Phase of a Solar Flare
Authors: Kontar Eduard P. , Emslie A. Gordon , Motorina Galina G. , Dennis Brian R.
Published: April 2023

Solar flares are known to be prolific electron accelerators, yet identifying the mechanism(s) for such efficient electron acceleration in solar flare (and similar astrophysical settings) presents a major challenge. This is due in part to a lack of observational constraints related to conditions in the primary acceleration region itself. Accelerated electrons with energies above ∼20 keV are revealed by hard X-ray (HXR) bremsstrahlung emission, while accelerated electrons with even higher energies manifest themselves through radio gyrosynchrotron emission. Here, we show, for a well-observed flare on 2017 September 10, that a combination of RHESSI HXR and and the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) EUV observations provides a robust estimate of the fraction of the ambient electron population that is accelerated at a given time, with an upper limit of ≲10−2 on the number density of nonthermal (≥20 keV) electrons, expressed as a fraction of the number density of ambient protons in the same volume. This upper limit is about 2 orders of magnitude lower than previously inferred from microwave observations of the same event. Our results strongly indicate that the fraction of accelerated electrons in the coronal region at any given time is relatively small but also that the overall duration of the HXR emission requires a steady resupply of electrons to the acceleration site. Simultaneous measurements of the instantaneous accelerated electron number density and the associated specific electron acceleration rate provide key constraints for a quantitative study of the mechanisms leading to electron acceleration in magnetic reconnection events.
Taurine content of insects used as feed
Authors: Kouřimská L. , Kvasnička F. , Kurečka M. , Rajchl A. , Škvorová P. , Kulma M.
Published: April 2023

Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is an important bioactive compound which certain living organisms cannot synthesise metabolically, thus requiring its dietary supplementation for normal physiological processes. As recent research has shown insects to be a suitable high-quality feed source this study analysed taurine content in ten commercially available insect species (Alphitobius diaperinus,Acheta domesticus,Blaberus craniifer,Blatta lateralis,Gryllus assimilis,Hermetia illucens,Musca domestica,Periplaneta americana,Schistocerca gregaria, andTenebrio molitor) by an electrophoretic method. Levels of total nitrogen substances (Kjeldahl method) and chitin (spectrophotometric method after hydrolysis to glucosamine) present in the insect samples were also determined. Amongst the samples,G. assimilis contained the highest levels of taurine (121.0±10.2 mg/100 g fresh weight; 436±34 mg/100 g dry matter). On the contrary, the lowest taurine level was detected inS. gregaria (5.4±0.6 mg/100 g fresh weight; 15±2 mg/100 g dry matter). Taurine levels were determined for the whole insect and calculated per protein content. There was no significant correlation between the taurine content and the insect order or developmental stage of insects. Though it has been proved that insect species are variable sources of taurine, the most taurine-rich insect species are comparable with conventionally used feeding ingredients such as fishmeal, animal muscles and visceral tissue.
The Electricity System Improvement Canvas (ESIC)
Authors: Vinaixa Jordi , Vanrespaille Winnie , Muslemani Hasan
Published: April 2023

This paper addresses the complexity of commercially exploiting technical solutions in ecosystems with many stakeholders or in ecosystems that are highly influenced by regulatory issues. It does so by introducing a new tool, called the electricity system improvement canvas (ESIC). The ESIC allows for an efficient design, visualization, analysis, and/or validation of innovative system solutions and their implementation. Moreover, the ESIC helps to focus on the benefits that the solution provides for the system as a whole and for certain stakeholders. It is normally used together with the value creation ecosystem (VCE), a tool previously developed by the authors, providing more concretion and detail to it. To better portray its functionality, the ESIC and the VCE will be applied to one of the demo projects explored within EU-SysFlex, a project that has to do with congestion problems in the German electricity grid.
The Effect of Digital Economy Development on Labor Employment
Authors: Yunxia Wu , Neng Hao , Yechi Ma
Published: April 2023

The paper empirically examines the impact of the development of the digital economy on the employment scale and structure of China's listed companies. The results show that overall, digital economic development significantly improves the employment scale of listed companies in China. The development of the digital economy has significantly increased the share of high-skilled labor, medium- and high-skilled labor, and decreased the share of low- and medium-skilled labor and low-skilled labor. In employment positions, the development of the digital economy significantly increases the share of openings in accounting, sales, and other positions, especially in R&D. Furthermore, the employment creation effect of digital economic development is attributed to the effects of scale expansion and productivity, while the substitution of digital technology for low-skilled labor does not significantly hinder employment. The study has important implications for the digital economy and employment.
Anti-Epidemic Policies, FTA Digital Trade Rules, and China's Digital Product Exports
Authors: Mu Yifei , Alleyne Antonio R. , Fu Yingjie
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the interactiveness of digital trade rules and anti-epidemic policies on China's digital product export. Using monthly data across 241 products from 187 countries from January 2018 to December 2021, the authors find that adopting stringent anti-epidemic policies improves the value and quantity of digital trade in the presence of digital trade rules. And that the lack of face-to-face communication due to these policy restrictions is the primary cause of the stimulated digital product exports, with consumer privacy protection and non-discrimination terms playing essential roles, especially for digital consumer products. Independently, digital trade rules have an insignificant impact on China's digital product exports. However, when China's trade partner adopts more stringent anti-epidemic policies, digital trade rules improve the value and quantity of trade while reducing investigative time and sunk costs associated with digital trade.
Factors Influencing Intention to Use Online Consumer Reviews
Authors: Pham Long , Klaus Tim , Changchit Chuleeporn
Published: April 2023

Online consumer reviews have been shown to play an important role that can influence consumers' attitudes, behaviors, and purchasing decisions. This study seeks to understand factors that affect user intention to use online consumer reviews. To examine this area, this paper theorizes multiple constructs that may influence intention to use. The subjects in this study were 466 online Vietnamese consumers. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, and five of the seven hypotheses were found to be significant. This study found several results not found in prior studies. The construct perceived online review importance is found to be important in influencing intention to use online reviews. Both perceived usefulness and perceived credibility influenced consumers' perceptions on the importance of online reviews. The study findings contribute to the research field of online consumer reviews and provide new insights into intention to use online consumer reviews for a developing country, different from prior studies that have focused on developed countries.
A survey of chloroquine use for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in Nigeria
Authors: Yetunde Olukosi Adeola , Fowora Muinah , Kazeem Adeneye Adeniyi , Chukwu Emelda , Aina Oluwagbemiga , Ajibaye Olusola , James Ayorinde , Gab-Okafor Chidinma , Abiodun Holdbrooke Susan , Ngozi Ohihoin Esther , Zaidat Musa Adesola , Amoo Olufemi , Showemimo Oluyomi , Afolabi Bamgboye , Chukwujekwu Ezechi Oliver , Lawal Salako Babatunde
Published: April 2023

Background: Rampant chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine poisoning in Nigerian hospitals following suggestions of its possible efficacy in the treatment and prevention of the newly emerged COVID-19 disease informed this survey.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of the Nigerian populace on the use of chloroquine in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done by administering an electronic questionnaire created using Google Docs, through social media cascade methods including the WhatsApp application software to capture data on chloroquine use between April 20 and June 20, 2020.

Results: Six hundred and twenty-eight people responded to the questionnaire (response rate 99.2%, mean age 41.05 ± 12.3) from the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria with 556 (88.5%) having tertiary level education. Only 21 (3.3%) of the respondents took chloroquine for treatment or prevention. Respondents from the North-west geopolitical zones used chloroquine 5.8 (95% CI: 1.55, 21.52, p=0.02) more times than other zones while the age group 20-29 were 8.8 times more likely to use chloroquine than any other age group (95% CI: 3.53, 21.70, p = 0.00). Female respondents were 2.3 times more likely to use chloroquinethan the males (OR 2.26 95% CI: 0.90-5.68; p=0.08) and those in the income bracket of N75,000-99,000, 2.5 times more than other income groups.

Conclusion: Young adults, North-western geopolitical zone, and female gender should be target groups for education on rational chloroquine use. The danger of chloroquine overdose should be communicated to the general population in Nigeria.

Keywords: COVID-19; Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine; self-medication; rational drug use.
Vaccine rate forecast for COVID-19 in Africa using hybrid forecasting models
Authors: S Dhamodharavadhani , R Rathipriya
Published: April 2023

Background: The public health sectors can use the forecasting applications to determine vaccine stock requirements to avoid excess or shortage stock. This prediction will ensure that immunization protection for COVID- 19 is well-distributed among African citizens.

Objective: The aim of this study is to forecast vaccination rate for COVID-19 in Africa

Methods: The method used to estimate predictions is the hybrid forecasting models which predicts the COVID-19 vaccination rate (CVR). HARIMA is a hybrid of ARIMA and the Linear Regression model and HGRNN is a hybrid of Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) and the Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model which are used to improve predictive accuracy.

Results: In this study, standard and hybrid forecasting models are used to evaluate new COVID-19 vaccine cases daily in May and June 2021. To evaluate the effectiveness of the models, the COVID-19 vaccine dataset for Africa was used, which included new vaccine cases daily from 13 January 2021 to 16 May 2021. Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Error Percentage (EP) are used as evaluation measures in this process. The results obtained showed that the hybrid GRNN model performed better than the hybrid ARIMA model.

Conclusion: HGRNN model provides accurate daily vaccinated case forecast, which helps to maintain optimal vaccine stock toavoid vaccine wastage and save many lives.

Keywords: Vaccination forecasting; ARIMA; Immunization; Time series techniques; Hybrid ARIMA; Prediction; Linear Regression; Gaussian Regression Process; Hybrid GRNN.
The Pattern of COVID-19 in Horn of Africa countries, from March-December 2020
Authors: Teweldeberhan Ghebremichael Samson , Habte Tewolde Rezene , Kidane Andegiorgish Amanuel , Pan Guoqing
Published: April 2023

Background: Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) is a novel, highly infectious, and potentially fatal communicable pandemic disease. It has taken longer to reach Africa than the other continents.

Objective: To examine the pattern of COVID-19 in the Horn of Africa countries from March to December 2020.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study in which the total number of daily reported cases and deaths were collected from the official website of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Worldometer. Data were standardized based on the total population provided by World Population Prospects 2020 per million. Data sources of WHO reports and governmental reports from March to December 2020 were analyzed in this study. Data extraction was done using the microsoft excel spreadsheet tool, variables relating to the countries were computed in terms of frequencies and percentages.

Results: The findings revealed that as of 31st December 2020, 136,129 (7590 per million) cases were reported from the four countries in the Horn of Africa. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) in the Horn of Africa was 1.14%. The majority of the cases were reported from Djibouti (77.20%), followed by Ethiopia (14.07%), Eritrea (4.87%), and Somalia (3.86%). The highest case fatality rate (0.81%) was from Djibouti, and the lowest (0.01%) was from Eritrea.

Conclusions: The epidemiological pattern of COVID-19 among the Horn of African countries seems to have slow progress, given the prevalence of the new infections remains low, and the death toll seems stable throughout the study periods, except for Djibouti. Hence, the prevention control measures implemented in the countries should be further strengthened and supported. It is recommended that relevant stakeholders responsible for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic should put up measures to curb the spread of the virus in the region and set up a crisis management system to combat future pandemics.

Keywords: Coronavirus; COVID-19; pattern; Horn of Africa; fatality rate.
The integrity of psychophysical visual function in non-immunocompromised PLHIV (NIPLHIV) without retinitis on antiretroviral therapy (ART)
Authors: Jeffrey Munsamy Alvin , L Brautaset Rune , A Moodley Anandan
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The present study investigated the integrity of contrast sensitivity (CS), colour vision, and pattern evoked vision potentials (VEP) in non-immunocompromised people living with HIV (NIPLHIV) without retinitis.

Methods: All participants were visually asymptomatic and no history of ocular disorders, with CD4 counts above 350 cells/ mm3, low viral loads and on ART. Thirty NIPLHIV and 30 age-matched HIV negative control groups underwent F100 hue colour assessment, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity assessment and pattern-reversal VEP.

Results: The median F100 total error scores for NIPLHIV and controls was 33 (IQR: 28;41) and 28 (IQR: 26;48.50) respectively, this was statistically different (p= 0.020). The median P100 amplitude for NIPLHIV was 5.75 μV (IQR: 4.4;8.85) and 4.05 μV (IQR: 3.2;5.8) for controls, this was statistically different (p=0.045). The mean LogCS score 1.83±0.14 and the median P100 peak latency was 105.45 msec (IQR: 102.98;108.98) for NIPLHIV. Higher CD4+ counts were significantly associated with having higher F100 total error scores (OR=0.995; p=0.018), lower P100 amplitudes (OR=1.007; p=0.010) and higher P100 latencies (OR=0.994; p=0.011).

Conclusion: Contrast sensitivity function, colour vision, and VEP were uncompromised in NIPLHIV. Associations between CD4 counts with F100 total error scores and P100 latency may aid in the surveillance of vision of NIPLHIV.

Keywords: HIV; vision disorders.
Intimate partner violence and child loss: an evaluation of 7 sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: F McClintock Heather , E Edmonds Sarah , R Lambert Alexis
Published: April 2023

Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and child loss disproportionately affect women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Little research has examined the relationship between IPV and child loss in SSA.

Methods: We used data from Demographic Health Surveys in 7 countries in SSA (Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zambia, and Rwanda). Women’s Health Module questions assessed lifetime physical, sexual, and emotional IPV. Child loss was calculated as the difference between the number of child births and the number oF Lliving children. Logistic regression was conducted adjusting for age, marital status, educational attainment, location of residence, wealth, sexually transmitted infections, and country of origin. Data were weighted and analysed using STATA Software (14.0).

Results: Among women who gave birth, approximately one third (31.7%) reported that they lost 1 or more children. Nearly half (44.3%) reported that they experienced physical IPV during their lifetime. Women who had experienced physical, emotional, or sexual IPV were significantly more likely to report a loss of 1 or more children (OR=1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI)= [1.08, 1.33]; OR=1.30, 95% CI= [1.16, 1.45]; OR=1.42, 95% CI= [1.23, 1.65], respectively) in comparison with women who had not experienced IPV controlling for potentially influential covariates. Women who were older, married, had lower educationalattainment, and had lower income were more likely to have lost 1 or more children.

Conclusion: These results suggest that women who experienced all types of and cumulative exposure to IPV may be more likely to lose a child in SSA.

Keywords: Partner violence; domestic violence; childhood mortality.
Sexual violence among young women in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, reporting and care-seeking behviuors
Authors: Idowu Ajayi Anthony , Alake Alex-Ojei Christiana , Opoku Ahinkorah Bright
Published: April 2023

Background: Only a few studies, mostly hospital-based, have examined sexual violence among young people women in Nigeria. We examined the prevalence, correlates, perpetrators, reporting of and health-seeking behaviour for sexual violence using data of 395 young women (aged 17-24) obtained from a Nigerian university.

Methods: We selected participants using stratified sampling and defined sexual violence as sexual acts or attempts to obtain sexualacts by violence or coercion by any person irrespective of their relationship to the victim. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise the data obtained.

Results: Our analysis shows that 39.5% of the respondents had experienced some form of sexual violence. Adequate family financial support was protective against sexual violence after adjusting for all background characteristics (AOR: 0.60 95% CI: 0.39-0.93). However, young women who use alcohol had higher odds of reporting sexual violence experience than those who never used alcohol. In most cases (78.5%), perpetrators were well known to the victims. Only 3.3% of sexual violence cases were reported to law enforcement agencies and just 13.1% of victims sought care from health providers.

Conclusion: Sexual violence occurs at a tragically high frequency, and victims rarely report incidents to law enforcement agencies or access the much-needed care. The findings suggest a need for interventions that address why victims of sexual violence rarely report to law enforcement or seek care.

Keywords: Sexual violence; rape; coerced sex; alcohol use; adolescents; young women; Nigeria.
Experiences of mental health problems vulnerability, psychological symptoms and coping mechanisms of displaced adolescents in North-east Nigeria
Authors: Prince David Onyekachi , Dammeyer Jesper , Musa Dangana Jonathan
Published: April 2023

Background: At a global level the issue of forcible internal displacement appears to be somewhat growing. Most internally displaced persons in Nigeria are children and adolescents, but most of the existing literature and public debate focus on the experiences and outcomes of displaced adults.

Objective: We set out to explore the adverse conditions that increase vulnerability to mental health problems, and the psychological symptoms and coping mechanisms reported by internally displaced adolescents.

Methods: Using a qualitative approach, 15 adolescents recruited across three different displacement settlements were interviewed individually using a semi-structured interview format on their displacement experiences, and their adaptations to these experiences.

Results: The thematic analysis showed that, in addition to experience of mental health problems, vulnerabilities and profound psychological symptoms for some, displacement constituted a complex life-changing process for all. High-risk coping strategies such as ‘seeking support by begging’ and ‘transactional sex for exchange of need were predominantly adopted by female participants. Some participants demonstrated resilience by engaging in religious behavioural coping, which they considered necessary to mitigate their past traumatic memories.

Conclusion: Internally displaced adolescents’ experience of psychological symptoms and choice of coping mechanisms relate to their contextually perceived needs. Psychosocial support for these adolescents is recommended.

Keywords: Internally displaced adolescents; mental health; psychological symptoms; coping; Boko-Haram.
Effects of prenatal antibiotic treatment on early infant health: a retrospective study in a rural health facility in Ghana
Authors: Opoku-Agyeman Kwame , Kofi Tawiah Adu-Gyamfi Paa , Ansah Charles , Boadu Mensah Kwesi
Published: April 2023

Background: Infant mortality remains a major developmental challenge in many low-income countries. Epidemiological evidence suggests that infant acquisition of maternal microbiome is essential for programming of immunity and metabolism. As such, irrational maternal antibiotic use may affect infant health.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effects of prenatal antibiotic use on early postnatal life (90 days) in a low-income community in Ghana.Methodology: The study was a retrospective study of 412 mother-baby pair medical records in a low-income community in rural Ghana.

Results: During the ninety-day period, the prevalence and relative risk of neonatal sepsis, respiratory disorders, and dermatitis were significantly higher in infants treated prenatally with antibiotics compared to untreated infants. Prenatal antibiotic treatment was not significantly associated with the risk of developing neonatal jaundice and conjunctivitis. However, prenatally antibiotic exposed infants were three times likely to visit the hospital for a non-scheduled/non-review treatment within the first 90 days compared to unexposed babies.

Conclusions: Intrapartum antibiotic treatment is associated with poor early infant health. Rationalizing antibiotic use during pregnancy may contribute to reducing infant mortality.

Keywords: Intrapartum antibiotic; microbiome; sub-Sahara Africa; neonatal sepsis.
Ginger supplementation for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhou Qun , Peng Ying , Chen Fangyuan , Dai Jianbo
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The efficacy of ginger supplementation remains controversial for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We conduct this meta-analysis to explore the influence of ginger supplementation versus placebo on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods: We have searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through November 2021 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of ginger supplementation versus placebo for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This meta-analysis was performed using the random-effect model.

Results: Four RCTs involving 177 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, ginger supplementation was associated with significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT, standard mean difference (SMD)=-0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]=-0.85 to -0.02; P=0.04), homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR, SMD=-1.14; 95% CI=-2.05 to -0.22; P=0.02), but revealed no obvious impact on aspartate-aminotransferase (AST, SMD=-0.66; 95% CI=-0.81 to 2.12; P=0.38), total cholesterol (SMD=-0.33; 95% CI=-0.67 to 0.02; P=0.06), low density lipoprotein (LDL, SMD=-0.30; 95% CI=-0.64 to 0.04; P=0.08) or body mass index (BMI, SMD=0; 95% CI=-0.41 to 0.40; P=0.99).

Conclusions: Ginger supplementation benefits to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Keywords: ginger; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; randomized controlled trials; meta-analysis.
Prevalence of acute kidney injury and its characteristics among neonates with suspected sepsis in a tertiary hospital in Kenya
Authors: Munyendo Catherine , Admani Bashir , Mburugu Patrick , Simba Justus , Lusweti Bernadine , Gachara Naomi , Laving Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Unique aspects of neonatal renal physiology enhance the occurrence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) as a complication of neonatal sepsis. The study sought to determine prevalence of AKI and its characteristics in neonates with suspected sepsis.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital among neonates aged 0-28 days. AKI was defined as serum creatinine of more than 100μmmol/l.

Results: Among 332 neonates included 120 had AKI giving a prevalence of 36.1% (95% CI 31 to 41.6). Based on RIFLE criteria the commonest AKI presentation was Failure 72 (62.6%, 95% CI 53.6 to 71.6), followed by Injury 26 (22.6%, 95% CI 14.8 to 30.4) and then Risk 17 (14.8%, 95% CI 8.2 to 21.3). AKI was more common in neonates with suspected late onset sepsis (p=0.004). Maternal fever in the preceding week to delivery and presence of either puerperal sepsis or post-partum hemorrhage were significantly associated with severe AKI (p=0.004 and p=0.038).

Conclusion: Prevalence of AKI was high; those with suspected late onset sepsis were more likely to develop AKI compared to early onset sepsis. Presence of maternal fever preceding delivery and presence of either puerperal sepsis or postpartum hemorrhage were associated with severe forms of AKI.

Keywords: Acute Kidney Injury; Neonates; Neonatal Sepsis.
Health managers and community representatives’ views of a system-wide intervention to strengthen public healthcare in the Free State, South Africa
Authors: Malakoane Benjamin , Chikobvu Perpetual , Heunis Christo , Kigozi Gladys , Kruger Willem
Published: April 2023

Background: A system-wide health system strengthening (HSS) initiative, the Health Systems Governance and Accountability (HSGA) intervention, was developed, translated to policy, and implemented in the Free State province. This study assessed health managers (HMs) and community representatives’ (CRs) views of the intervention and whether it improved integration and performance.

Method: A questionnaire survey among 147 HMs and 78 CRs and 14 focus group discussions (FGDs) with a mean of 10.3 participants and a total of 102 HMs and 42 CRs, were conducted. The questionnaire and FGD data were descriptively and thematically analysed to triangulate findings.

Results: Many HMs (44%) mostly positioned at the operational levels indicated that implementation of the HSGA intervention did contribute to integration of health services. Most CRs (54%) believed that communities were actively involved in the intervention. However, both the self-administered questionnaire and the FGD data evidenced lack of policy awareness among, especially, operational-level HMs.

Conclusion: From the perspectives of HMs and CRs, the implementation of the intervention was viewed as a step forward in strengthening public healthcare to respond to system deficiencies in the Free State province. Earlier engagement of especially operational-level HMs during reforms may be beneficial in successfully implementing HSS interventions.

Keywords: Public health managers; district health system; community representatives; leadership and governance; health system strengthening; integration.
Studies on plasmids of multidrug resistant uropathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in a tertiary hospital in Calabar, Nigeria
Authors: Nnedinma Iheanacho Juliet , Peter Antai Sylvester
Published: April 2023

Background: Urinary tract Infections caused by multidrug resistant uropathogens have become a significant global public health problem with Nigeria being no exception.

Objective: This study is aimed at profiling and curing the plasmids of selected multidrug resistant uropathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infection in a tertiary hospital in Calabar, Nigeria.

Methodology: Isolates were obtained from urine samples of patients using standard microbiological techniques. Multidrug resistant bacterial isolates were then selected for plasmid DNA analysis and curing.

Results: The study revealed that E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were resistant to the antibiotics tested. The extracted plasmid DNA showed the presence of TEM, SHV and CTX-M genes in the isolates with sizes of 400-600bp, 300bp and 500-800bp, respectively. All isolates possessed the SHV genes while few had TEM and CTX-M genes. Cells were subjected to curing and plasmid curing was achieved at 200-300μl of ethidium bromide.

Conclusion: The reduction in percentage resistance due to plasmid curing observed in this study suggests that the resistance of the isolates to antibiotics were plasmid-mediated. Antibiogram and monitoring of plasmid mediated resistance are necessary for proper management of urinary tract infections.

Keywords: Resistance; plasmid; UTI; uropathogens; curing.
Takayasu arteritis, an atypical presentation as chronic kidney disease
Authors: Neeraja Vijayan , Nakka Vihari , Mahadev Meena , Naresh Midha , Taruna Yadav , Varatharajan Sakthivadivel
Published: April 2023

Takayasu arteritis, also known as “pulseless disease” usually affects major vessels like aorta and its branches, pulmonary arteries, and renal arteries. Hypertension is the common presentation. Chronic kidney disease involvement is less common. Only a few chronic kidney disease cases are reported so far in Takayasu arteritis. We discuss a case of a young female who presented with accelerated hypertension with chronic kidney disease with preserved peripheral pulses. The diagnosis was confirmed by Computed tomography aortic angiogram, which showed diffuse circumferential thickening, multifocal ectasia, and aneurysmal dilatation with few saccular outpouchings of the aortic arch, descending thoracic and abdominal aorta (Type V). The patient was treated with steroids, antihypertensives, antiplatelet, and hemodialysis.

Keywords: Takayasu arteritis; chronic kidney disease; thrombocytopenia.
In vivo anti-inflammatory effects of anti-toxic principles from Moringa oleifera(MO11) and Musa sapientum (MS06) via NF-KB/IL-4/IL-10- mediated pathway in Cadmium Chloride-induced hepato-toxicity.
Authors: Ebito Gabriel , Akinlolu Adelaja , Ameen Mubarak , Asogwa Nnaemeka , Akindel Raheem , Fagbohunka Bamidele , Oladejo Khadijat M. , D Banjo , Fafioye Faith , Ajayi Naomi , Sobande Ifeoluwa , Adenola Soliat , Okusi Adeoye , Ajibola Rasheedat , Adebiyi Moyinoluwa
Published: April 2023

Cadmium-induction of hepato-toxicity and inflammation in animal models have been reported. The mechanism underlying hepatic inflammation is poorly understood. This study evaluated antiinflammatory potentials of MO11 (isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves) and MS06 (isolated from Musa sapientum suckers) in Cadmium Chloride (CdCl)-induced hepato-toxicity and inflammation in rats.Twenty-eight adult male wistar rats (average weight of 155 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 4). Group 1 was control. Groups 2 - 4 and 7 received single intraperitoneal administration of 1.5 mg/Kg bodyweight of CdCl on Day 1. Thereafter, Groups 3, 4 and 7 were post-treated with 15 mg/Kg bodyweight of MO11, 15 mg/Kg bodyweight of MO11 + 7 mg/Kg bodyweight of MS06 and single-dose of 3.35 mg/Kg bodyweight of Doxorubicin respectively (Days 1 - 17). Groups 5 and 6 received only MO11-dose and Olive Oil (vehicle) respectively (Days 1 - 17). Liver histopathology (Heamatoxyline and Eosin technique) and ELISA concentrations of proinflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and NF-kB) and anti-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-4 and IL-10) in liver homogenates of rats of Groups 1 - 7 were evaluated. Computed data were statistically analysed using Mann-Whitney-U test at P ≤ 0.05. Histo-pathological analyses showed normal liver histology in Groups 1 - 7. Post-treatments of CdCl-induced hepato-toxicity and hepatic inflammation with MO11 and MO11+MS06 resulted in downregulations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL- 8 and NF-kB, but upregulations of IL-4 and IL-10 in Groups 3, 4 and 7, compared with Group 2. MO11 and MS06 possess hepato-protective and anti-inflammatory potentials.
Experiences of Wives of Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Oudi Davood , Vagharseyyedin Seyyed Abolfazl , Nakhaei Maryam , Esmaeili Aliakbar , Mohtasham Saeid
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND: Living with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) veterans imposes severe stress on relatives especially their wives. Despite of these difficulties these stratum of women suffer insufficient support and less attention. This study aimed to explore the experiences of wives of veterans with PTSD.METHODS: This study was conducted in 2021 using qualitative content analysis approach. Participants were selected purposely from PTSD veterans’ wives. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 18 wives of veteran men with PTSD. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data were collected using in-depth and semistructured interviews, up to the point of data saturation, and were analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis method with the support of MAXQDA software.FINDINGS: Through analysis of transcribed interviews, one theme and 4 categories and 13 sub categories were emerged : The theme called “abandoned in miserable life stream” and categories consist of “living in the cage of grief and regret”; “insufficient support resources”; ”marital burnout”; and “selfsacrifice to maintain family cohesion”.CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a broad range of context-specific challenges faced by wives of veterans with PTSD. In confronting with full of tensions life and lack of support, wives of veteran with PTSD are neglected and need more attention and support. It is essential for healthcare providers to be aware of the complex psychological and social conditions of wives of veterans with PTSD.