bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Funding of activities of state veterinary services of Russian Federation Subjects
Authors: Klinovitskaya I. M. , Shibayev M. A. , Karaulov A. K.
Published: July 2021

The due performance by the veterinary service of its assigned functions depends largely on the amount of funding provided for different aspects and types of its activities. The paper presents analysis results for 13 main funded activities of veterinary services in 85 Subjects of the Russian Federation in 2019. All the funded activities were reviewed in relation to three funding sources: the federal budget, the budget of a Russian Federation Subject and extrabudgetary sources. The paper examines funding levels of the Russian Federation Subjects’ veterinary services (against actual funding requirements) with respect to each object of expenditure and each funding source; besides, the share of each funding source in overall funding of the veterinary service of the country on the whole and of certain types of its activities was determined. In 2019, overall funding of the veterinary service of the country amounted to about 49.5 billion rubles which made up 96% of funding requirements for this period. The major sources of funding were the budgets of the Russian Federation Subjects (56.3%) and veterinary services’ own extrabudgetary resources (43.2%). Only 0.5% of all the funds received by the state veterinary service of the Russian Federation were allocated from the federal budget. The following 4 out of 13 analyzed aspects of activities of the Subjects’ veterinary services were fully funded: staff salaries, anti-epidemic activities, the purchase of reagents and test systems, the implementation of monitoring and screening programmes at the Subject level for contagious animal disease control. The funding levels for other activities of the country’s veterinary service were from 9% (accreditation of veterinary laboratories and maintenance of accreditation) to 87% (the implementation of regional monitoring of food product, raw material, animal product quality and safety; animal health awareness-raising and information activities).
Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on urology practice in India
Authors: Mahendra Singh , Himanshu Pandey , Prateek Gupta , Gautam Ram Choudhary , Vipin Tyagi , Vijay Kumar Sarma Madduri , Nikita Shrivastava
Published: July 2021

Background: The rapid spread of “Coronavirus Disease 2019’ (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) significantly impacted health care facilities all across the globe. To assess impact on urology practice in our country, we developed a questionnaire based on relevant questions in current scenario for information regarding challenges and changes urologists were facing in their practices. Material and methods: We conducted an online survey to find out the impact of COVID-19 on urology practice in Indian scenario. The questionnaire comprised of total 18 questions, which were relevant to day to day practice. Results: Total 310 urologists across the India participated and consented to being part of the study. The majority admits change in their practice due to the recent COVID-19 outbreak. The majority admitted to attend fixed numbers of patients per day with prior appointment and to keep detailed records. The majority responded in positive that attendees will not be allowed, opted to wear N-95 mask in OPD, opted to take the relevant history, opted for thermal screening, opted for patients to wear a mask before entering OPD room, opted for using the new prescription at new visit and opted to avoid physical examination unless very necessary. The majority wanted to take consent from the patients that they may get infected by COVID-19 in the hospital and agreed on performing COVID-19 testing for every patient posted for surgery. The majority agreed to assign a separate operation theatre to operate patients with positive COVID-19 test and also preferred open surgery over minimal invasive surgery. Conclusion: Our survey revealed that the recent pandemic led to significant impacts on urology practice in our country. The urologists working in different setups are facing different challenges in this difficult condition. They have made certain changes in their practice to safely provide effective care to their patients.
Association of TGF-β2 Gene Polymorphism with Growth Rate in Local Chickens
Authors: Sahib Ali M. , Al-Khalisy Abbas F , Abdulwahid Mushtaq T
Published: July 2021

Iraqi native chickens have tasty meat and eggs; however, they are characterized by low production efficiency. In fact, phenotypic traits, such as growth rate, are influenced by genes and environmental factors. During health and disease, a variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, motility, adhesion, migration, apoptosis, and immune response regulate the TGF-β genes. The enhancement in body weight can be reached through mass selection, whereas feed conversion ratio (FCR) is relatively more difficult to improve. This means, selecting for body weight has been submitted as an effective way of indirectly improving feed conversion ratio. Therefore, the present study attempts to identify associations between productive traits and polymorphism of TGF-β2 gene in local Iraqi chicken. Seventy-five male birds were used in this study. The restriction enzyme RsaI has been used to detect the target region (284 bp) in the TGF-β2 gene. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified at the position 62 in the exon 1 region of TGF-β2 by using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing technique. The genotypic frequencies were 46.7, 40, and 13.3% for CC and TC and TT genotypes, respectively. While the allele frequency of C and T were 0.67 and 0.33%, respectively. Generally, during the last period of rearing the best significant (P<0.05) improve in the body weight, weight gain and FCR were recorded in the TT genotype of the TGF-β2 gene. In conclusion, a functional sequence in the genome could be attributed to the mutation. Therefore, genotype of the TGF-β2 gene could be exploited to select the best individual as a parent to the next generations for improving of growth rate in
Flower Farms Environmental Performance Evaluation in Ethiopia
Authors: Hawera Tafesse , Tefera Belay , Sahu Omprakash
Published: July 2021

Cultivation of cut flowers is a new agricultural sector in Ethiopia, which currently generates a high amount of income for the country's developments. Despite its significant contribution to economic developments; many issues were raised from communities and environmentalists concerning its environmental performance. Based on this issue the study assesses cradle to gate of cut flower production in the Wolmera district. The main objective of the study was environmental performance evaluation of flower farms in Wolmera district, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia related to operational activities throughout entire life cycles of cut flower production. In this study, primary and secondary data were collected using ISO 14031 standard structured with LCA tool methodology. Data were collected by inventory using an on-site data collection system from its sources. Based on data collected GHG (CO2, N2O, CH4 & NH3) emissions to the atmosphere were evaluated by using an inter-governmental panel on climatic changes (IPCC 2006) for inventory data and eutrophication & acidification estimated from data tested at laboratory levels. Similarly, the study also assesses banned chemicals used in the farms through inventory data assessment, and about 156 chemicals applied in the farms were collected to screen out those banned chemicals used and the two most extremely hazardous chemicals (Impulse & Meltatix) banned by WHO identified in the study. As it understood from a general assessment of all flower farms; all of them haven't EIA document established before construction in the district and production started with having less attention for EHPEA code of conducts in the flower farms which faces the environments for high impacts by emission emitted from flower farms in the district as a whole.
Physicochemical and heavy metals analysis of Udo Awankwo River in Ikot Ekpene, South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Divine Jacob Ottong  , Jonathan Okokon Ekanem
Published: July 2021

The physicochemical and heavy metal studies of water samples obtained from Udo Anwankwo River were investigated. Water samples were collected from three different sampling points along the course of the river and analyzed using standard procedures. The physicochemical parameters like the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were above the less than 4.0mg/l permissible limit by WHO. The temperature ranged from 28.0°C. to 28.2°C while the pH and electrical conductivity ranged from 7.70 to 8.03 and 16.25to 33.16 µs/cm. All the heavy metals (Nickel, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium and Arsenic) analyzed were above the permissible limit’s standard set by WHO for drinking water. The study suggests the need for urgent measures towards the control of pollution and enlightening of the locals on the need for proper disposal of wastes and water treatment before use.
Educação não formal na formação de professores de Química: reflexões no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Birck Fröhlich Aléxia , Scheid Rafaela Rossana , De Andrade Leite Fabiane , Machado Rigo Neusete
Published: July 2021

O presente texto, de caráter qualitativo, apresenta reflexões acerca dos desafios e possibilidades da realização do estágio em espaços não formais de ensino, em um Curso de Química Licenciatura da região das Missões-RS. O estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre o processo de formação docente dos licenciandos para a realização do estágio. As análises foram realizadas a partir das escritas reflexivas realizadas por seis licenciandos, que realizaram o estágio no decorrer do primeiro semestre do ano de 2020, coincidindo com o afastamento social provocado pelo COVID-19. Por meio da análise de conteúdo, identificamos duas categorias, sendo uma, relacionada às compreensões acerca do estágio não formal e a importância deste na formação de professores; e outra, aos desafios e possibilidades durante a pandemia. Os resultados indicam que o estágio não formal de ensino, no período da pandemia, desafiou os licenciandos a novos entendimentos acerca dos processos de ensinar e aprender.
The effect of Kagocel® on gene expression of Toll-like receptors of innate immunity in THP-1 human monocytes with different levels of differentiation
Authors: Sokolova T. M. , Poloskov V. V.
Published: July 2021

Kagocel® is used in Russia for the treatment of viral infections. In terms of its chemical structure, Kagocel® active ingredient is a copolymer of gossypol polyphenol and carboxymethylcellulose. The study investigated antiviral and cytokine-inducing activity of Kagocel®, as well as its toxic effects. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Kagocel® active ingredient on the induction of expression of the innate immune system receptor genes (Toll-like receptors, TLR) in the THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cell line with different levels of differentiation. Materials and methods: the effect of Kagocel active ingredient was investigated at the concentrations of 0.2 and 2 mg/mL in the THP-1 human acute monocytic leukemia cell line with different levels of differentiation: non-differentiated monocytes, and monocytes differentiated into macrophage-like cells. Comparative analysis of the activity of TLR 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 genes was carried out by quantitative RT-PCR. The study determined standard deviations of the levels of gene expression in the experimental cells (2deltaCq ± SD) relative to the expression in the control cells. Results: Kagocel active ingredient at the concentration of 0.2 mg/mL induced activation of TLR2 expression in THP-1 monocytes by 3.5 times, TLR3 by 2 times, TLR4 by 1.6 times, and at the concentration of 2 mg/mL also induced activation of TLR7 and TLR8 by 1.4 times, and TLR9 by 2 times. The levels of TLR2, TLR3, TLR9 induction were significantly higher in THP-1 monocytes partially differentiated into macrophage-like cells, and the highest stimulation level was observed for TLR2 (8 times). Conclusions: the results obtained characterise Kagocel® as a stimulator of TLR genes in the THP-1 cell line. The number of TLR genes induced in THP-1 monocytes was shown to increase with the increase in the product concentration. THP-1 monocyte differentiation into macrophage-like cells enhances susceptibility to Kagocel®. The positive regulation of TLR genes activity may account for antiviral and interferon-inducing properties of Kagocel®, and also suggests the possibility of expanding the use of the product for various immune-associated diseases.
State of iodine supply in children with chronic gastroduodenitis
Authors: Shevchenko N. S. , Zimnytska T. V. , Voloshyn K. V. , Shlieienkova H. O. , Kirianchuk N. V.
Published: July 2021

Objective — to study the state of iodine supply in children with chronic gastroduodenal pathology.
Materials and methods. The study included 23 children with chronic gastroduodenitis: 13 girls (56 %) and 10 boys (43.5 %) aged 8 to 18 years. The control group consisted of 11 children matched in age and sex. All patients underwent endoscopic examination of the upper digestive tract. H. pylori infection was tested with a rapid urease breathing test «Helik‑test». All children underwent determination of iodine level in single portions of urine using the cerium‑arsenite method Sandell‑Koltoff modified by Dunn, with the following calculation of the median.
Results. The frequency of iodine deficiency in children with chronic gastroduodenitis was 60.9 ± 10.2 %, which significantly exceeded this parameter in the control group (8.7 ± 8.6 %; p < 0.01). A mild degree of iodine deficiency was noted in 43.5 ± 10.3 % of patients, which was also significantly higher than in the control group (9.09 ± 8.6 %; p < 0.05). Moderate iodine deficiency was observed only in children of the main group (21.7 ± 8.5 %). Severe iodine deficiency in the study was not found among all children. The median ioduria in patients was 81.9 mg/l, which was significantly lower than in children in control group (183.7 mg/l; p < 0.05). Analysis of ioduria level, taking into consideration the endoscopic picture of gastrointestinal tract lesions, showed that both in frequency (p < 0.05) and median (p < 0.05), children with a more severe inflammation of the gastric mucosa and duodenum had the worst indices of iodine supply. In children infected with H. pylori iodine deficiency was observed significantly more often (p < 0.05), the median ioduria was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in uninfected children.
Conclusions. In children with chronic gastroduodenal pathology, a significant frequency of iodine deficiency is revealed, which increases with the severity of inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane and the presence of H. pylori infection. Determination of the state of iodine supply in children with digestive tract pathology is advisable to prevent the development of concomitant diseases, primarily thyroid dysfunction.
Correction of the liver functional state at liver chronic diseases
Authors: Chernyavskiy V. V. , Neverovskiy A. V.
Published: July 2021

The chronic liver diseases present one of the major worldwide reasons for morbidity, disability and mortality. Chronic liver diseases of any etiology result in the gradual and progressive disturbances of the main hepatic functions and developments of the potentially fatal complications. Affecting the disease reason if the basic direction in the treatment of the chronic liver diseases, however this is not always possible and effective. Despite the invention of the new of etiotropic treatments of several chronic liver diseases and their introduction in the clinical practice, an issue of the possibilities of efficient pathogenetic treatment still remains opened. That’s why the use of the additional therapy for correction of the liver functional state, in particular S‑adenosyl‑L‑methionine (SAMe), appears to be prospective. SAMe plays an important physiological role as the main donor of methyl groups for the enzymatic reactions in particular for synthesis of glutathione, intracellular antioxidant, moreover it affects the processes of the differentiation and proliferation of hepatocytes. Chronic liver diseases result in the considerable reduction of SAMe production, causing the decrease of glutathione synthesis and development of oxidative stress and possible malignancy. Preclinical and clinical trials, meta‑analyses and systemic reviews showed that the use of SAMe at chronic liver diseases of various etiology effectively reduced the intensity of clinical symptoms, improved indices of hepatic biochemical profile and decreased the risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma. With account of good safety profile and tolerance, including those at pregnancy, the additional treatment with SAMe preparations can be recommended to the patients with chronic liver diseases for correction of liver functional state as well as reduction of the risk of disease progression up to terminal states and development of dangerous complications.
Prospects for use of transplantation of fecal microbiotes in metabolic-associated pathology
Authors: Fadieienko G. D. , Gridnev O. Ye.
Published: July 2021

The authors emphasize the prospects of using fecal microbiota (FM) transplantation from a healthy person as a modulator for restoring disturbed intestinal microbiota. The presented results from experimental studies on animals showed the FMT effects at metabolic syndrome. Thus, microbiota transplantation from thin subjects reduced the dysfunction of glucose metabolism, increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia, Muscispirillum, Oscillospira and Ruminococcus. It resulted in the decrease of body weight, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, endotoxin, reduced steatohepatitis intensity (the average liver NAS score decreased due to decrease of the levels of intrahepatic triglycerides, cholesterol, the balance of pro‑ and anti‑inflammatory cytokines normalized). Thus, the recipient was successful in modelling the «metabolically favourable» microbiota profile. However, human studies did not show such significant results. Only a part of the authors noted that FMT from skinny donors temporarily increased peripheral insulin sensitivity and the level of butyrate‑producing intestinal bacteria (Eubacterium hallii or Roseburia intestinalis), the level of secondary bile acids (lithocholic in blood plasma and feces, isolitocholic and deoxycholic in feces), propionate and butyrate in feces, and also reduces the levels of g‑glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminotransferase and increases the number of Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium and Prevotella copri. Other researchers did not note statistically significant improvements in insulin sensitivity, changes in the degree of steatosis and liver fibrosis, and most authors did not find changes in BMI after FMT. Summarizing the available data showed that although FMT is a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity (confirmed to be associated with improved insulin sensitivity at 6 weeks), the quality of the evidence is low, rhus higher number of investigations are needed to study the effects of FMT on the long‑term clinical endpoints, determining the optimal dosage, route of delivery, duration of therapy, stool preparation, and donor selection to maximize the therapeutic effect of FMT.
The role of the gut microbiome and intestinal barrier in liver diseases
Authors: Tkach S. M. , Dorofeev A. E. , Cheverda T. L.
Published: July 2021

The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by almost 100 trillion bacteria, more than 90 % of which belong to the phylotypes Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. This is about the same as the entire human body contains. The complex network of microbes that inhabit the body regulates its health and is supported by a balance of genetic and dietary factors. For the proper existence and survival of microbial populations in the intestine, a strictly regulated intestinal barrier is required, the violation of which can lead to the systemic spread of microbes and their penetration into the portal bloodstream. The intestinal barrier includes physical, immunological and microbial components. When any aspect of the gut barrier is not working, even bacteria that normally promote health can wreak havoc and contribute to disease and damage. It is known that changes in the intestinal barrier, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiome (GM) are associated with many diseases, including liver pathology. To understand how GM changes can lead to liver disease, a comprehensive understanding of the physiology of the intestinal barrier is required. Because of the close anatomical and physiological relationship between the gut and the liver, there has been a lot of research into how changes in one organ affect another. This review considers the main components of the intestinal barrier and the mechanisms of its pathological changes, including increased intestinal permeability, as well as GM disorders and their role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug‑induced liver damage, liver cirrhosis. and its complications. Existing and promising therapeutic strategies for modifying GM and the intestinal barrier, which can be used in the treatment of hepatic pathology, are also considered.
Modern diagnostics of microsporia
Authors: Lavrushko S.I. , Stepanenko V.I.
Published: July 2021

Objective — to develop a method of modern molecular genetic diagnosis of microsporia in children based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which will allow identification of the pathogen of Microsporum canis at the DNA level.

Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients with microsporia of smooth skin, scalp, scalp and smooth skin. The biological materials for the research were scales from the smooth skin and scalp, hair from the scalp of patients with microsporia. A study of 40 samples of biological material was carried out in patients with microsporia of smooth skin, microsporia of the scalp, microsporia of the scalp and smooth skin. At the first stage, DNA isolation of Microsporum canis was carried out. Then PCR was carried out to increase the copies of the DNA region using specific primers. The final step was typing 40 samples of clinical material of patients.

Results and discussion. PCR diagnostics made it possible to identify the DNA of Microsporum canis in all 40 samples of biological material of patients with microsporia. In our study, we developed a PCR-based method for diagnosing microsporia, which uses a set of two MC primers (regions of the beta tubulin gene of Microsporum canis). For internal control of the course of amplification and the quality of biomaterial sampling, specific primers of APOE (a region of the human apolipoprotein E gene) were also used.

Conclusions. In order to improve the precise specific diagnosis of microsporia in children, a method of modern molecular genetic diagnostics based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed, which allows identification of the Microsporum canis pathogen at the DNA level. Analysis of the molecular structure of the genome of Microsporum canis proved that the most objective diagnosis of microorganisms is the PCR method. The developed method of DNA diagnostics based on PCR using specific primers can be included in the algorithm for detecting Microsporum canis in humans.
Psoriatic onychodystrophy — modern treatment trends
Authors: Stepanenko V.I. , Ivanov S.V. , Fedorych P.V.
Published: July 2021

Objective — to conduct an in-depth search of foreign and national literary sources, in particular, reports about the results of randomized controlled clinical trials regarding the use of local combination drugs for the treatment of psoriatic onychodystrophy. The focus is on both short-term and long-term therapeutic effects, as well as minimizing the side effects.

Materials and methods. We conducted the analysis of the world experience of using the local combination drug Onychocid® Emtrix for the treatment of psoriatic onychodystrophy and minimization of side effects by searching for data (2010—2021) in the Cochrane Library controlled tests by keywords: psoriasis, onychodystrophy; in PubMed, High Wire Press, Google Scholar — by terms of the catalog and medical subjects: psoriasis + onychodystrophy + treatment; reports of randomized controlled clinical trials, meta-analyses and literature reviews.

Results and discussion. The modern view on the problem of psoriatic onychodystrophy, methods and approaches to the treatment of this pathology are presented.According to the analysis of the results of foreign and national studies, Onychocid® Emtrix is proved to be clinically efficient and safe as complex treatment for various clinical forms of psoriatic onychodystrophy. It contains a combination of propylene glycol, urea and lactic acid. Active substances, which are part of the drug, are synergists, which provides triple action of ingredients — combining moisturizing and keratolytic effects with antifungal properties. Most patients showed an early (in the 2nd to 4th week of use of the drug) improvement in the appearance of the affected nails. In the future, they observed thinning of nail plates, color restoration, disappearance of excessively keratinized nail tissue, tendency to the restoration of the integrity of nails. The use of this topical medication provided high compliance due to an excellent profile of tolerance and the possibility of application once a day.

Conclusions. It has been proven that the modern medication of local action Onychocid® Emtrix is currently the most optimal treatment for psoriatic onychodystrophy which allows achieving a therapeutic effect both in monotherapy and in the standard complex schemes. Treatment of psoriatic onychodystrophy with Onychocid® Emtrix is more effective in comparison with standard therapy, contributes to a rapid partial or full restoration of the integrity of nail plates. The high effectiveness and safety of Onychocid® Emtrix give reason to recommend it for inclusion in the schemes of complex treatment of patients with psoriatic onychodystophy.
“And It’s All About Him...”
Authors:   South Kazakhstan State Pedagogical University, Dmitryuk Natalya V.
Published: July 2021

The proposed essay is a memoir about Yuri Alexandrovich Sorokin – the scientific supervisor of the author’s PhD thesis during her postgraduate studies, which is accompanied by a small selection of poems by Gleb Arsenyev (the creative pseudonym of Yu.A. Sorokin).
Harmony of Non-Conformism: Yu.A. Sorokin and His Terminological Creativity
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vasil’eva Nataliya V.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the terminological neologisms of Yu.A. Sorokin as both special lexical and text units. Yu.A. Sorokin had a peculiar predilection to creating terms based on the Greco-Latin derivational morphemes. He treated them creatively introducing new elements and reinterpreting the standard ones, for instance creating new correlative pairs. One of the favorite terminological models of Yu.A. Sorokin was emic which allows to briefly identify the category-forming entities. It is noted that, Yu.A. Sorokin rarely gave precise definitions to his terminological creations and did not worry about their general availability (the sapienti sat principle). Presenting thoughts in the form of postulates, he used the principle in medias res, i.e., he introduced a term / terms to the text without any expositional preparation. The article concludes that the term creation of Yu.A. Sorokin, that may be perceived as non-conformist at first, is quite harmonious in fact. To see that, one just needs to turn to the texts. Yu.A. Sorokins term-generating genre / type of text is a postulate and / or a manifesto, i.e., a text with a focus on concentration and suggestion. Hence, there follows a non-definitive way of presenting a term and terminological amplification, with the author using familiar international terminology, correlative terminological pairs and constellates, parenthetical inserts and graphic tools as cognitive clues for the addressee.
Perception of Russians and Vietnamese by Russian respondents: an experimental study
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Markovina Irina Yu. , Matyushin Alexey A. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Lenart Istvan ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Pham Hien ,   Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences
Published: July 2021

The authors view the research presented in the article as the further elaborating on the investigational approaches to ethnic identification and self-identification processes developed by Yu. Sorokin (a series of works under the title of “Ethnic conflictology”). The article describes preliminary results of the experimental study aimed at investigating the Russian-Vietnamese mutual perceptions found in the corresponding languages and cultures. Students of Sechenov University (n=109) took part in the questionnaire-based pilot study providing qualitative data for the reconstruction of ethnic “self-portraits” and “portraits” of Russians and Vietnamese. The study group was regarded homogeneous in terms of their linguistic and cultural background. The comparative analysis of the results obtained showed both common and specific characteristics that comprised characterological “portrait” of the Vietnamese and “self-portrait” developed by the Russian respondents. For instance, kindness turned out to be theonly common characteristics included by the respondents in both “portraits”. The most frequent mentions in the Russian self-identification were patience and courage, while the Vietnamese were described as hard-working and joyful. Specific appearance, national food, and material culture were mentioned to make up for the lack of ideas about the Vietnamese generalized (collective) character traits. The Russian anthroponymic “self-portrait” included the following categories: writers and poets (Russian literature), scientists, political leaders, and cosmonauts. The authors point out that historical figures of Russia were mentioned by the respondents more often than contemporary anthroponyms. Personified “portrait” of the Vietnamese nation was substantially undercharacterized; as the majority of respondents stated lack of knowledge about the Vietnamese culture and provided no names at all.It is believed that this large-scale international research project will provide new data on the Russian-Vietnamese mutual perceptions as a result of the processes of ethnic identification and self-identification. The research aims to develop Yuri Sorokin’s hypothesis that ethnic “portraits” and “self-portraits” demonstrate axiological and cognitive attitudes of their authors and have reduced and attributive nature.
An off-target scale limits the utility of SWEMWBS as a measure of well-being in public health surveys
Authors: Melin Jeanette , Lundin Andreas , Johansson Magnus
Published: July 2021

Published 2021-12-06: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.10.009 Objectives: To assess the utility and measurement properties for the well-being scale Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) in a Swedish general population survey.Study design: A cross-sectional survey-studyMethods: Data were retrieved from the 2018 public health survey in Stockholm County, containing arandom sample of 22 856 persons stratified to be representative for the municipalities and districtswithin the region. The data were analysed according to Rasch Measurement Theory.Results: Person attribute values are positively skewed (mean 2.32, SD 1.85), with wide gaps in theitem threshold attribute values. Overall item fit statistics were acceptable and person measurementseparation reliability was 0.83, indicating three statistically distinct ranges in the estimated well-being values.Conclusion: While the SWEMWBS items indicated acceptable fit to the Rasch measurement model,targeting of items to sample is skewed toward lower levels of well-being and there is a ceiling effect.Thus, we suggest a careful reconsideration of SWEMWBS as a tool for use in general public healthsurveys, especially for assessing change over time and group differences, as there are largemeasurement uncertainties for the majority of cases when the population as a whole is sampled. Weencourage revisions applying a coherent and comprehensive construct theory for well-being to fillthe gaps in the upper end of the SWEMWBS scales’ item thresholds. The addition of morechallenging items would improve targeting for population-based surveys, increase reliability, andprovide more actionable information that could be useful in improving individuals’ well-being.
REVIEW JURNAL KONSEP KEPEMILIKAN DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Khairunnisa Nur
Published: July 2021

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Islam mengenai konsep kepemilikan (pemilik alam semesta, peran manusia dan siapa yang menyediakan segalanya) karena pada hakikatnya manusia lahir ke dunia tidak memiliki harta benda apapun. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif analitis. Hasil dan pembahasan dari tulisan ini meliputi Allah merupakan pemilik segala sesuatu di Alam semesta ini, sebagai manusia yang sedari awal tidak memiliki harta benda di dunia harus memahami pemberian sebagai anugerah yang diberikan Allah dengan menggunakannya sebaik mungkin untuk kebermanfaatan orang banyak. Manusia hanya berperan sebagai pengelola yang memberdayakan segala sumber daya bukan sebagai pemilik karena pada setiap aktivitas apapun manusia hanya diberi kepercayaan. Sebagai manusia harus menjaga, merawat dan mengelola apapun dengan baik karena sudah dititpkan atau diamanahkan oleh Allah serta segala perbuatan kita yang dapat merusak kelak akan dimintai pertanggungjawaban berupa siksa yang pedih. Segala sesuatu yang terhampar di muka bumi dari ujung timur ke barat telah disediakan oleh Allah dengan sebaik-baiknya dengan beragam kenikmatan yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh manusia. Sebagai manusia harus memelihara kelestarian dan aneka sumber daya yang melimpah agar dapat digunakan sebagai mana mestinya.
PERAN KELOMPOK SEL SERTA PERUBAHAN GEREJA DALAM MENGHADAPI COVID-19
Authors: Puyamna Semuel
Published: July 2021

Kasus Virus Covid-19 sudah menjadi pandemi global dan merupakan virus yang paling populer saat ini. virus ini terdeteksi awal di Wuhan, Cina, pada desember 2019, dan berkembang sangat cepat sehingga banyak korban jiwa di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia.Menyikapi hal ini, pemerintah mengeluarkan sejumlah peraturan terkait covid-19 dan telah membatasi pertemuan sosial, termasuk ibadah di gereja demi memutuskan rantai penyebaran wabah yang sangat populer di muka bumi ini. Disi lain kelompok sel sangat berbeperan penting, karena kelompok sel merupakan pelayanan yang penting dalam pelayanan gereja, karena dapat berimplikasi pada pertumbuhan rohani jemaat. Di masa pandemi Covid-19 ini semua kegiatan ibadah telah mengalami pembatasan, termasuk semua program dan pelayanan di gereja lokal. Demi mempertahankan keberlangsungan proses ibadah, maka ruang ibadah pun dibuat secara virtual melalui penggunaan teknologi video streaming. Penjelasan tentang covid-19 sendiri tidak diuraikan secara detail, karena ini merupakan hal yang benar-benar terjadi dan dialami oleh dunia khususnya masyarakat Indonesia dan lebih khusus lagi orang-orang Kristen. Lebih jelas lagi bahwa gereja yang dalam konteks ini telah memiliki pemahaman yang sederhana dan tepat tentang Covid- 19 sebagai wabah penyakit yang memiliki daya tular yang cepat dan dapat mengakibatkan kematian. Akibat dari covid-19 ini, mengingatkan kita pada masa para rasul dalam perjanjian baru. Mereka membangun gereja-gereja rumah atau dengan kata lain mereka beribadah dari rumah ke rumah. Hal ini tentunya jadi jawaban bagi gereja-gereja saat ini ketika melawan pandemi covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia.
Primate communication: Affective, intentional, or both?
Authors: Heesen Raphaela M. , Sievers Christine , Gruber Thibaud , Clay Zanna
Published: July 2021

The intentional communication of affective states is a central part of human sociality and cognition. Although nonhuman primates (henceforth primates) also signal intentionally, there is a perceived chasm between their intentional versus affective forms of communication. Whereas primate vocalizations and facial expressions are traditionally viewed as involuntary 'read-outs' of affective states, gestures are considered as products of intentional control. However, this traditional view is increasingly contentious, given recent evidence of intentional signal production of primate vocalizations and facial expressions, as well as the general void of arousal-based explanations in gesture research. In this chapter, we challenge the perceived dichotomy between affective and intentional communication in primates and propose a dimensional approach, whereby primate signals can be both affective and intentional, regardless of signal modality (tactile, audible, visible) or component (gesture, facial expression, vocalization). We argue that a dimensional approach, which incorporates both affective and intentional components, would improve our knowledge on how affective and cognitive processes have jointly shaped the evolution of primate communication.
Rancang Bangun Mobile Learning Berbasis Android Untuk Pembelajaran Struktur Dan Fungsi Biomolekul Dengan Fokus Materi Asam Amino Dan Protein
Authors: Setiawan Topan
Published: July 2021

Mobile learning adalah suatu pendekatan pembelajaran yang melibatkan perangkat bergerak seperti telepongenggam dan tablet PC, dimana pembelajar dapat mengakses materi, arahan dan aplikasi tanpa dibatasioleh ruang dan waktu. Aplikasi mobile learning berbasis e-book interaktif ini dibuat dengan tujuan sebagaimedia pembelajaran struktur dan fungsi biomolekul dengan fokus tahap pengembangan awal pada materistruktur dan fungsi asam amino dan protein. Tahapan yang dilakukan dalam pembuatan aplikasi ini meliputipenyusunan materi, desain visualisasi materi, pengkodean, implementasi dan pemeliharaan. Penyusunan danvisualisasi materi didesain lebih menarik dan mudah dipahami oleh pengguna. Tahap pengkodean dilakukandengan bahasa pemrograman Java dan Android. Konten aplikasi terdiri dari materi, tutorial, kuis danpetunjuk praktikum. Selain itu, aplikasi dilengkapi dengan halaman masuk bersandi, sehingga diperlukantahap registrasi oleh pengguna untuk mendapatkan kode sandi agar dapat mengakses aplikasi, membacamateri, membaca prinsip dan prosedur dari praktikum yang berkaitan dengan materi, mengerjakan latihan-latihan, dan membaca info mengenai aplikasi. Aplikasi ini dapat digunakan oleh siswa maupun mahasiswa,dengan standar handphone berbasis android. Minimum versi android yang digunakan adalah versi android2.1. Tampilan aplikasi bersifat user friendly dengan cara kerja yang mudah dan dapat diakses hanya dengansentuhan jari. Konten materi disajikan dalam bentuk teks, gambar, slide, video animasi dan kuis-kuissehingga lebih bersifat interaktif dibanding aplikasi e-book pada umumnya.
The content and structure of reputation domains across human societies: a view from the evolutionary social sciences
Authors: Garfield Zachary H , Schacht Ryan , Post Emily R. , Ingram Dominique , Uehling Andrea , Macfarlan Shane
Published: July 2021

Reputations are an essential feature of human sociality, critical for the evolution of cooperation and group living. Much scholarship has focused on reputations, yet typically on a narrow range of domains (e.g., prosociality, aggressiveness), usually in isolation. Humans can develop reputations, however, from any collective information. We conducted exploratory analyses on the content, distribution, and structure of reputation domain diversity across cultures, using the Human Relations Area Files ethnographic database. After coding ethnographic texts on reputations from 153 cultures, we used hierarchical modelling, cluster analysis, and text analysis to provide an empirical view of reputation domains across societies. Findings suggest: 1) reputational domains vary cross-culturally, yet reputations for cultural conformity, prosociality, social status, and neural capital are widespread; 2) reputation domains are more variable for males than females; and 3) particular reputation domains are strongly interrelated, demonstrating a structure consistent with dimensions of human uniqueness. We label these reputational features: Cultural group unity, Dominance, Sexuality, Social and material success, and Supernatural healing. Ultimately, through this work, we highlight the need for future research on the evolution of cooperation and human sociality to consider a wider range of reputation domains, as well as their patterning by social, ecological, and gender-specific pressures.
Phylocanvas.gl: A WebGL-powered JavaScript library for large tree visualisation
Authors: Abudahab Khalil , Underwood Anthony , Taylor Ben , Yeats Corin , Aanensen David M.
Published: July 2021

Here we present a new implementation of Phylocanvas, written to incorporate WebGL (Web Graphics Library), a JavaScript API to render graphics in most modern web browsers without the use of plug-ins. WebGL allows GPU-accelerated image processing as part of the web page canvas thereby enabling Phylocanvas.gl to both render very large trees and allow interactivity via Javascript events. The primary result of this is that rendering the tree is much quicker compared to using the HTML canvas element allowing trees of 100K+ nodes to be displayed
The meaning of infinity
Authors: Tabaee Damavandi Pardis
Published: July 2021

A short article.
MISI PELAYANAN PEMUDA KRISTEN DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Puyamna Semuel
Published: July 2021

The Covid 19 pandemic that is currently happening in the middle of the world makes all humans worried and threatened. Coupled with various policies carried out by the government such as the implementation of health protocols, social distencing, physical distencing and PSBB (large-scale social restrictions) which make the space for movement not free. With this policy, public places are closed, such as the closure of places of worship, campuses and other public places. The closure of places of worship would certainly have an effect on evangelism. The gospel must continue to be preached considering this is the obligation of Christians because the Word of God in Matthew 24:14 "And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached in all the world as a witness to all nations, after that will the end come". In the midst of the Covid 19 epidemic, this is not a barrier to spreading the gospel. Christian youth who are part of believers are required to remain optimistic, productive, creative and innovative so that they do not see the Covid 19 pandemic as a big challenge but can see it as an opportunity to be able to serve even more with the best version of themselves.
Jurnal HTN_Sukmawati_133_HTN D
Authors: Sukmawati
Published: July 2021

Undang-undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI Tahun 1945) sebagai konstitusi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia mengatur warga negara dan penduduk. Berdasarkan Pasal 26 ayat (1) UUD NRI Tahun 1945 mengatur bahwa: “Yang menjadi warga negara ialah orang-orang bangsa Indonesia asli dan orangorang bangsa lain yang disahkan dengan Undang-Undang sebagai warga negara.
The Optimisation Analysis of Sand-Clay Mixtures Stabilised with Xanthan Gum Biopolymers
Authors: Ni Jing , Hao Gang-Lai , Chen Jia-Qi , Ma Lei , Geng Xueyu
Published: July 2021

Sand–clay mixtures can be encountered in both natural soils (e.g., residual soils, clay deposits and clinosols) and artificial fills. The method of utilising biopolymers in ground improvement for sand–clay mixtures has emerged recently. However, a full understanding of the strengthening effect of biopolymer-treated sand–clay mixtures has not yet been achieved due to a limited number of relevant studies. In this study, xanthan gum (XG), as one of the eco-friendly biopolymers, was used to treat reconstituted sand–clay mixtures that had various compositions in related to clay (or sand) content and clay type (kaolin and bentonite). A series of laboratory unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests were conducted to probe the performances of XG-treated sand–clay mixtures from two aspects, i.e., optimum treatment conditions (e.g., XG content and initial moisture content) to achieve the maximum strengthening effect and strengthening efficiency for the sand–clay mixtures with different compositions. The experimental results indicated that the optimum initial moisture content decreased as the sand content increased. The optimum XG content, which also decreased with the increasing sand content, remained approximately 3.75% for all sand–kaolin mixtures and 5.75% for all sand–bentonite mixtures if calculated based on clay fraction. While untreated sand–kaolin mixtures and sand–bentonite mixtures had comparable UCS values, XG-treated sand–kaolin mixtures seemed to have better improved mechanical strength due to higher ionic (or hydrogen) bonds with XG and low-swelling properties compared with bentonite. The deformation modulus of XG-treated sand–clay mixtures were positively related with UCS. The variation in UCS and stiffness for each treatment condition increased as the sand content was elevated for both sand-kaolin and sand-bentonite mixtures. An increment in the proportion of the heterogeneous composite formed by irregular sand particles conglomerated with the XG–clay matrix in total soil might be responsible for this phenomenon.
Parallel Age-Related Cognitive Effects in Autism: A Cross-Sectional Replication Study
Authors: Torenvliet Carolien , Groenman Annabeth , Radhoe Tulsi , Agelink van Rentergem Joost , van der Putten Wikke , Geurts Hilde
Published: July 2021

Findings on age-related cognitive effects in autism in adulthood are inconsistent across studies. As these studies substantially differ in their methodology, replication studies are needed. In this replication study frequentist (i.e., null-hypothesis significance testing), and Bayesian statistics were used to investigate the hypothesis that in autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults mostly parallel, but also protective age-related cognitive effects can be observed. Participants were 88 autistic adults, and 88 non-autistic matched comparisons (age range: 30-89 years, mean age: 55 years). Cognitive measures were administered on the following six domains: verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, Theory of Mind (ToM), verbal fluency, and processing speed, and self-reported cognitive failures. Non-autistic adults outperformed autistic adults on ToM, verbal fluency, and verbal memory, but only the first two were confirmed with Bayesian replication analyses. Also, more cognitive failures were reported by autistic adults. No interactions between group and age were observed, suggesting a parallel age-related effect on all cognitive domains. In sum, previously observed difficulties in ToM and verbal fluency were replicated which seem to persist at older age. Previously reported parallel age-related cognitive patterns were replicated, yet no evidence for protective age-related patterns was found.
Varieties of White working-class identity
Authors: Knowles Eric , McDermott Monica , Richeson Jennifer
Published: July 2021

The present work demonstrates that, contrary to popular political narratives, working-class White Americans are far from monolithic in their class identities, social attitudes, and political preferences. Latent profile analysis (LPA) is used to distinguish three types of identity in a nationally representative sample of working-class Whites: Working Class Patriots, who valorize responsibility, embrace national identity, and disparage the poor; Class Conflict Aware, who regard social class as a structural phenomenon and ascribe elitist attitudes to higher classes; and Working Class Connected, who embrace working-class identity, sympathize with the poor, and feel disrespected because of the work they do. This identity typology appears unique to working-class Whites and is associated with distinct patterns of attitudes regarding immigration, race, and politics, such that Class Conflict Aware and Working Class Connected Whites are considerably more progressive than are Working Class Patriots. Implications for electoral politics and race relations are discussed.