bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of values and frames in social media texts related to the homeless hotspots debate
Authors: Koepfler Jes A. , Templeton T. Clay , Fleischmann Kenneth R.
Published: January 2013

In this study we conducted framing analysis and thematic analysis of social media texts to explore the qualitative relationships of salient values in frames that shaped the Homeless Hotspots debate. We identified three key frames and associated values in the debate: (1) the Entrepreneurship frame evoking Self‐Enhancement values, (2) the Dystopia frame de‐emphasizing the Self‐Enhancement values put forth by the Entrepreneurship frame, and (3) the Societal Failure frame that emphasized Self‐Transcendence values like universalism. We discuss the implications of these findings and use them to develop hypotheses for a follow‐up experiment investigating the relationship between personal values of readers of texts and the texts themselves, as well as an examination of the timeline of frames and how they are propagated via social media.
Social media and academic libraries: Current trends and future challenges
Authors: Collins Gary , Quan‐Haase Anabel
Published: January 2013

Academic libraries are increasingly using social media tools to promote services and highlight resources to patrons. This longitudinal study examines the social media adoption rates and practices in academic libraries in the province of Ontario over a fourteen month period beginning in April 2010. Findings indicate that while interest in social media technologies amongst librarians has plateaued, patrons of academic libraries are using these tools in increasing numbers. Outcomes suggest libraries should attempt in the future to create more original content in areas of patron interest as well as utilize their preferred platforms with greater regularity.
Anwendung neuer Vergütungsformen im Rahmen niederländischer DMP: Auswirkungen auf Prozessqualität und Kosten
Authors: Mohnen Sigrid M. , Baan Caroline A. , Struijs Jeroen N.
Published: January 2013

Einleitung

Seit 2007 ist es in den Niederlanden möglich, um DMPs integriert zu vergüten. Integrierte Vergütung soll zu qualitativ besserer Versorgung sowie Aufgabenverteilgung und –delegation führen. Das „National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)“ erforschte die Auswirkung dieser Vergütungsreform auf Diabetes Versorgung hinsichtlich Qualitätsprozessindikatoren und Kosten. Die Forschungsergebnisse sind in diesem Artikel zusammengefasst.
Pseudovirion-binding and neutralizing antibodies to cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPV) correlated with the presence of HPV DNA in skin
Authors: Faust Helena , Andersson Kristin , Forslund Ola , Dillner Joakim
Published: January 2013

Whereas the antibody response to the anogenital human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is known to be mainly type-specific, correlated with the presence of viral DNA and mainly directed to conformational epitopes of the virion, it is not known if this applies also to the antibody response to cutaneous HPVs. For 434 non-immunosuppressed patients with skin lesions (squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma of the skin, actinic keratosis and benign skin lesions), we compared HPV DNA status with seroreactivity to HPV pseudovirions (PsV) and to GST-L1 fusion proteins from HPV types -5, -6, -15, -16, -32 and -38. Biopsies from the skin lesions were tested for the presence of HPV DNA using three different PCR methods, with typing by sequencing. Serum samples from subjects with HPV DNA-positive biopsies and randomly selected serum samples from subjects with HPV DNA-negative biopsies were also tested with neutralization assays with HPV5, -38 and -76 PsV. Agreement of the three serological methods varied from poor to moderate. Type-specific seroprevalences among patients positive for the same type of HPV DNA (sensitivity of serology) was improved with the PsV-based method (mean of 40 %, maximum 63 %) compared with the GST-L1 method (mean of 20 %, maximum of 25 %). Neutralization was the most sensitive assay for HPV38 (50 %). In summary, cutaneous HPVs also appear to induce a type-specific antibody response that correlates with the presence of HPV DNA and that can be detected with improved sensitivity using PsV-based serology.
A knowledge‐based system for process family planning
Authors: Zhang Linda L. , Xu Qianli , Helo Petri
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it is to introduce a knowledge‐based system for planning processes for families of final products, instead of component items, be they parts or assemblies. Second, it is to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of a prototypical system developed for planning processes families for truck families from a multinational company.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors first identify the challenges in planning process families, including data and knowledge representation and constraint handling. To accommodate these challenges, the paper adopts the integrated product and process structure (IP2S) and colored timed Petri nets (CTPNs) in the proposed knowledge‐based process family planning system. On top of the IP2S and CTPNs, XML‐based knowledge representation is employed to alleviate the difficulties in modelling complex product and process family data and planning knowledge while enabling information exchange across different operating platforms. In addition, in accordance with the correspondence between PNs and knowledge‐based systems, a mechanism is designed to cope with the generation of production rules, which model constraints.

Findings

The proposed system is able to automatically generate production processes for customized products. At a higher level, such production processes provide input (e.g. operations, machines) to downstream activities for planning process details to manufacture component parts or component assemblies.

Research limitations/implications

Traditional trial and error approaches to planning processes limit production performance improvement when companies need to timely produce diverse customized products. Knowledge‐based systems should be developed to help companies better plan production processes based on the available manufacturing resources.

Originality/value

Unlike most reported studies addressing either detailed process planning or assembly planning for component parts or component assemblies, this study tackles process planning for final products, in attempting to maintain production efficiency from a holistic view.
Validating image in the information age
Authors: Grieve Deborah
Published: January 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore how tourism and hospitality images are validated and checked to ensure accuracy through the use of online resources. These refined images ultimately impact on buying patterns.

Design/methodology/approach

The author reviews the literature on the role of social media and uses in‐depth interviews to gain a deeper understanding of how technology is used to check images.

Findings

A clear pattern to image formation is clear when image‐validators seek general insights from past customers and then refine images to build a final tight short‐list of options which is checked directly with members of a personal online social network.

Practical implications

With a greater understanding of image‐validation, it is hoped that DMOs and hotels will use the more generic sites to allow past customers to upload their own reviews and comments.

Originality/value

Whilst there is a lot of information on the use of the internet and social media, specific research into image validation is very limited, as far as the author is aware.
IL‐33/ST2 signalling contributes to carrageenin‐induced innate inflammation and inflammatory pain: role of cytokines, endothelin‐1 and prostaglandin E2
Authors: Zarpelon AC , Cunha TM , Alves‐Filho JC , Pinto LG , Ferreira SH , McInnes IB , Xu D , Liew FY , Cunha FQ , Verri WA
Published: January 2013

Background and Purpose

IL‐33 signals through ST2 receptors and induces adaptive and innate inflammation. IL‐33/ST2 is involved in adaptive inflammation‐induced pain. Here, we have investigated the contribution of IL‐33/ST2‐triggered mechanisms to carrageenin‐induced innate inflammation.

Experimental Approach

Carrageenin‐ and IL–33‐induced inflammatory responses were assessed in BALB/c‐ (WT) and ST2‐deficient (−/−) mice as follows: oedema (plethysmometer), myeloperoxidase activity (colorimetric assay), mechanical hyperalgesia (electronic version of von Frey filaments), cytokine levels (ELISA), PGE2 (RIA), mRNA expression (quantitative PCR), drug treatments targeting leukocyte recruitment (fucoidin), TNF‐α (infliximab), CXCL1 (antibody to CXCL1), IL‐1 (IL‐1ra), endothelin ETA (clazosentan) and ETB (BQ788) receptors and COX (indomethacin).

Key Results

Carrageenin injection increased ST2 and IL‐33 mRNA expression and IL‐33 production in paw skin samples. Carrageenin‐induced paw oedema, hyperalgesia and myeloperoxidase activity were reduced in ST2−/− compared with WT mice, effects mimicked by IL‐33 injection in the paw. Furthermore, IL–33‐induced hyperalgesia was reduced by fucoidin suggesting a role for recruited leukocytes in its hyperalgesic effect. IL–33‐induced hyperalgesia in naïve mice was reduced by treatments targeting TNF, CXCL1, IL‐1, endothelin receptors and COX while carrageenin‐induced ST2‐dependent TNF‐α, CXCL1, IL‐1β, IL‐10 and PGE2 production and preproET‐1 mRNA expression. Combining IL‐33 and carrageenin at doses that were ineffective as single treatment induced significant hyperalgesia, oedema, myeloperoxidase activity and cytokine production in a ST2‐dependent manner.

Conclusions and Implications

IL‐33/ST2 signalling triggers the production of inflammatory mediators contributing to carrageenin‐induced inflammation. These data reinforces the importance of IL‐33/ST2 signalling as a target in innate inflammation and inflammatory pain.
The history of childhood trauma among individuals with ultra high risk for psychosis is as common as among patients with first‐episode schizophrenia
Authors: Şahin Seda , Yüksel Çağrı , Güler Julide , Karadayı Gülşah , Akturan Elçin , Göde Evrim , Özhan Amber Alix , Üçok Alp
Published: January 2013

Aim

Childhood trauma (CT) is more common in patients with psychosis than in general population and is found to be related to the severity of symptoms. The objective of this study was to investigate the severity of CT, and its relationship with clinical features in two different groups: first‐episode schizophrenia (FES) and ultra high risk for psychosis (UHR) groups.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 83 patients with FES, 41 individuals with UHR and 69 healthy controls were included. Clinical features were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). We evaluated CT with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). UHR group was also assessed with the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia.

Results

The emotional and physical abuse, physical and emotionalneglect subscale scores and CTQ total score of both the UHR group and FES group were higher than the control group. However, the CTQ total score and subscale scores did not differ between FES and UHR groups. UHR group had more Schneiderian symptoms in terms of both number and severity, and severity of sexual abuse was found to be correlated with SAPS scores especially for the ‘commenting voices’ item. The CTQ emotional abuse and neglect scores were correlated with the severity of depression. FES patients with higher CTQ scores obtained higher total scores on SAPS and higher total scores on Schneiderian items.

Conclusion

We found that CT is related to the severity of psychotic symptoms in both FES and UHR groups. Therefore, it is possible that interventions aimed at preventing CT in children would reduce the manifestation of psychosis among young people.
Cognitive insight in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Kimhy David , Jobson‐Ahmed Lauren , Ben‐David Shelly , Ramadhar Lisa , Malaspina Dolores , Corcoran Cheryl M.
Published: January 2013

Aim

Reduced cognitive insight has been associated with psychotic symptoms, in particular with the presence of delusions; however, there is little information about whether such reductions are present in at‐risk individuals prior to the onset of threshold psychotic symptoms.

Method

We conducted a cross‐sectional comparison of cognitive insight (as indexed by the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale) in 62 help‐seeking individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis, Fifty‐nine individuals with schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders and 37 healthy controls (HC). In patients, we evaluated associations of insight with positive symptoms, including later transition to psychosis in high‐risk patients.

Results

Individuals with schizophrenia reported significantly higher self‐certainty scores than the at‐risk patients and HCs, with the at‐risk patients scoring intermediate to the individuals with schizophrenia andcontrols. Similarly, individuals with schizophrenia scored significantly higher on self‐reflectiveness, with no differences between the at‐risk patients and controls. In individuals with schizophrenia, delusions were significantly correlated with self‐certainty. In at‐risk patients, cognitive insight was not associated with positive symptom severity and did not differentiate those at‐risk patients who later developed psychosis from those who did not. However, post hoc analyses suggested that at‐risk patients with marked unusual thought content (approaching threshold psychosis) had lower self‐reflectiveness; whereas those with high suspiciousness had significantly higher self‐certainty.

Conclusions

The findings are discussed in the context of normal developmental processes occurring during adolescence, their putative links to neurobiological functioning, and their implications for treatment and future research.
The elephant in the room: the role of failed invasions in understanding invasion biology
Authors: Zenni Rafael D. , Nuñez Martin A.
Published: January 2013

Most species introductions are not expected to result in invasion, and species that are invasive in one area are frequently not invasive in others. However, cases of introduced organisms that failed to invade are reported in many instances as anecdotes or are simply ignored. In this analysis, we aimed to find common characteristics between non‐invasive populations of known invasive species and evaluated how the study of failed invasions can contribute to research on biological invasions. We found intraspecific variation in invasion success and several recurring explanations for why non‐native species fail to invade; these included low propagule pressure, abiotic resistance, biotic resistance, genetic constraints and mutualist release. Furthermore, we identified key research topics where ignoring failed invasions could produce misleading results; these include studies on historical factors associated with invasions, distribution models of invasive species, the effect of species traits on invasiveness, genetic effects, biotic resistance and habitat invasibility. In conclusion, we found failed invasions can provide fundamental information on the relative importance of factors determining invasions and might be a key component of several research topics. Therefore, our analysis suggests that more specific and detailed studies on invasion failures are necessary.
Preclinical evaluation of Sunitinib as a single agent in the prophylactic setting in a mouse model of bone metastases
Authors: Schem Christian , Bauerschlag Dirk , Bender Sascha , Lorenzen Ann-Christin , Loermann Daniel , Hamann Sigrid , Rösel Frank , Kalthoff Holger , Glüer Claus C , Jonat Walter , Tiwari Sanjay
Published: January 2013

Background

A substantial number of breast cancer patients are identified as being at high risk of developing metastatic disease. With increasing number of targeted therapeutics entering clinical trials, chronic administration of these agents may be a feasible approach for the prevention of metastases within this subgroup of patients. In this preclinical study we examined whether Sunitinib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has anti-angiogenic and anti-resorptive activity, is effective in the prevention of bone metastases.

Method

Sunitinib was administered daily with the first dose commencing prior to tumor cell inoculation. Intracardiac injection was performed with MDA-MB23 bone-seeking cells, which were stably transfected with DsRed2. In vivo plain radiography and fluorescent imaging (Berthold NightOwl) was used in the analysis of bone metastases. Histomorphometry was used for the quantification of TRAP+ cells from bone sections and immunohistochemistry was performed using an antibody reactive to CD34 for quantification of microvessel density.

Results

Preventive dosing administration of Sunitinib does not inhibit colonization of tumor cells to bone or reduce the size of osteolytic lesions. There was a decrease in the number of TRAP+ cells with Sunitinib treatment but this did not reach significance. Sunitinib inhibited tumor growth as determined by imaging of fluorescent tumor area. Immunohistochemical analyses of microvessel density revealed a concomitant decrease in the number of tumor blood vessels.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that Sunitinib can be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of bone metastases but as a single agent it is not effective in terms of prevention. Therefore a combination approach with other cytostatic drugs should be pursued.
Film as shared ethnography: in the field, in the editing suite, on the air
Authors: Caffé Carolina , Hikiji Rose Satiko Gitirana
Published: January 2013

This article discusses an anthropological project centred on the production of audiovisual and hypermedia works, begun in 2009 with the Cidade Tiradentes Arts Map and completed in 2011 with the release of the ethnographic film Art and the Street. The project's guiding premise was Jean Rouch's concept of shared anthropology, but with its own particularities reflecting the contemporary world, including the intensification of image production and sharing, as well as the emergence of various collaborative forms of information production based around the popularization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). We discuss three distinct moments of this shared visual anthropology project: fieldwork, editing and screenings of the ethnographic films.
Response to Hypothetical Social Scenarios in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury Who Present Inappropriate Social Behavior: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Gagnon Jean , Henry Anne , Decoste François-Pierre , Ouellette Michel , McDuff Pierre , Daelman Sacha
Published: January 2013

Background: Very little research thus far has examined the decision making that underlies inappropriate social behavior (ISB) post-TBI (traumatic brain injury). Objectives: To verify the usefulness of a new instrument, the Social Responding Task, for investigating whether, in social decision making, individuals with TBI, who present inappropriate social behavior (ISB), have difficulty anticipating their own feelings of embarrassment and others’ angry reactions following an ISB. Methods: Seven subjects with TBI presenting with inappropriate social behavior (TBI-ISB), 10 presenting with appropriate social behavior (TBI-ASB), and 15 healthy controls were given 12 hypothetical scenarios three times, each time ending with a different behavioral response. Subjects were asked to gauge the likelihood of their displaying the behavior in that situation (part A) and of it being followed by an angry reaction from the other or by feelings of embarrassment in themselves (part B). Results: TBI-ISB subjects scored higher than TBI-ASB and healthy controls on a scale of likelihood of displaying an ISB. Results regarding expectations of angry reactions from others and feelings of embarrassment after an ISB were similar among groups. Negative correlations between endorsement of an inappropriate behavior and anticipation of negative emotional consequences were significant for both TBI-ASB and control subjects, but not for TBI-ISB subjects. Conclusions: Results suggest that the TBI-ISB participants were likely to endorse an ISB despite being able to anticipate a negative emotional response in themselves or others, suggesting that there were other explanations for their poor behavior. A self-reported likely response to hypothetical social scenarios can be a useful approach for studying the neurocognitive processes behind the poor choices of individuals with TBI-ISB, but the task needs further validation studies. A comprehensive discussion follows on the underlying mechanisms affecting social behaviors after a TBI.
A Survey of Protein Structures from Archaeal Viruses
Authors: Dellas Nikki , Lawrence C. , Young Mark
Published: January 2013

Viruses that infect the third domain of life, Archaea, are a newly emerging field of interest. To date, all characterized archaeal viruses infect archaea that thrive in extreme conditions, such as halophilic, hyperthermophilic, and methanogenic environments. Viruses in general, especially those replicating in extreme environments, contain highly mosaic genomes with open reading frames (ORFs) whose sequences are often dissimilar to all other known ORFs. It has been estimated that approximately 85% of virally encoded ORFs do not match known sequences in the nucleic acid databases, and this percentage is even higher for archaeal viruses (typically 90%–100%). This statistic suggests that either virus genomes represent a larger segment of sequence space and/or that viruses encode genes of novel fold and/or function. Because the overall three-dimensional fold of a protein evolves more slowly than its sequence, efforts have been geared toward structural characterization of proteins encoded by archaeal viruses in order to gain insight into their potential functions. In this short review, we provide multiple examples where structural characterization of archaeal viral proteins has indeed provided significant functional and evolutionary insight.
Caron: Older adults drink, hide it from their doctors
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

Caron has reason to know: It's a treatment center and many people don't tell their doctors how much they drink. But a survey conducted for Caron Treatment Centers by The Harris Poll proved it: Only 38% of older adults say they talk about substance use with their doctors. Interestingly, older adults hide this information out of a wish to be proper. At the same time, older adults have drinking baked into their culture: They may have been brought up to think having a cocktail or a glass of wine is “proper.”
Cannabis use in COVID‐19 linked to increased hospitalization
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

A recent study found that cannabis smoking, independent of tobacco smoking, was a risk factor for admission to the hospital or the ICU — but not for death — among patients with COVID‐19. Tobacco smoking was a risk factor for admission to the hospital or the ICU and for death. The study used electronic health record data from 2020–2022 and included patients who had COVID‐19.
Eco‐Friendly Approach to Ultra‐Thin Metal Oxides‐ Solution Sheared Aluminum Oxide for Half‐Volt Operation of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Dacha Preetam , Haase Katherina , Wrzesińska‐Lashkova Angelika , Pohl Darius , Maletz Roman , Millek Vojtech , Tahn Alexander , Rellinghaus Bernd , Dornack Christina , Vaynzof Yana , Hambsch Mike , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B.
Published: July 2024

Sol–gel‐based solution‐processed metal oxides have emerged as a key fabrication method for applications in thin film transistors both as a semiconducting and a dielectric layer. Here, a low‐temperature, green solvent‐based, non‐toxic, and cost‐effective solution shearing approach for the fabrication of thin aluminum oxide (AlOx) dielectrics is reported. Optimization of sustainability aspects like energy demand, and selection of chemicals used allows to reduce the environmental impact of the life cycle of the resulting product already in the design phase. Using this approach, ultra‐thin, device‐grade AlOx films of 7 nm are coated—the thinnest films to be reported for any solution‐fabrication method. The metal oxide formation is achieved by both thermal annealing and deep ultra‐violet (UV) light exposure techniques, resulting in capacitances of 750 and 600 nF cm−2, respectively. The structural analysis using microscopy and x‐ray spectroscopy techniques confirmed the formation of smooth, ultra‐thin AlOx films. These thin films are employed in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) resulting in stable, low hysteresis devices leading to high mobilities (6.1 ± 0.9 cm2 V−1 s−1), near zero threshold voltage (−0.14 ± 0.07 V) and a low subthreshold swing (96 ± 16 mV dec−1), enabling device operation at only ±0.5 V with a good Ion/Ioff ratio (3.7 × 105).
Flying‐Saucer‐Shaped Nanoheterojunctions with Enhanced Colorectal Tumor Accumulation for Increased Oxidative Stress and Immunometabolic Regulation
Authors: Ma Ya , Cao Yingui , Zu Menghang , Gao Qiang , Liu Ga , Ji Jianying , Xu Haiting , Yang Qiang , Shi Xiaoxiao , Reis Rui L. , Kundu Subhas C. , Zheng Ji , Li Zhou , Xiao Bo
Published: July 2024

The treatment outcomes of nanomedicines against colorectal cancer are severely restricted by their insufficient accumulation in the tumor tissues, unsatisfactory antitumor effect, and weak immunometabolic modulation. To address these issues, flying‐saucer‐shaped nanoheterojunctions by coating copper oxide (CuxO) onto the surface of PEGylated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are constructed. When exposed to ultrasound, the resultant CuxO@ZnO nanoheterojunctions exhibit increased locomotor activities, facilitating colorectal mucus infiltration, deep tumor penetration, and tumor cell internalization. The decoration of CuxO suppresses the rapid recombination of electrons and holes in CuxO@ZnO exposed to ultrasound, promoting the production of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical, which are generated by CuxO through a Fenton‐like chemodynamic reaction and CuxO@ZnO through sonodynamic reaction. After rectal administration, the sono‐chemodynamic CuxO@ZnO plus PD‐L1 antibodies effectively inhibit the growth of orthotopic and distant tumors. It elicits immunometabolic responses by inducing immunogenic cell death, activating the interferon genes signaling pathway stimulator, and inhibiting glucose transport and the glycolytic signaling pathways. This combined modality also increases the proportion of beneficial microbes (e.g., Bifidobacterium) and decreases the abundance of harmful microorganisms (e.g., Romboutsia) in the intestine. This treatment modality (CuxO@ZnO plus ultrasound and PD‐L1 antibodies) is a promising strategy for the synergistic treatment of colorectal cancer.
Achieving Overall Carbon Utilization from Organic Wastewater to Recover Solar Syngas via an Artificial Carbon Cycling System
Authors: Wu Xi , Li Jiabi , Zhong Ruiyu , Liu Shengwei , Huang Fei , Yang Qiaoling , Zhang Bin , Wang Xin , Zhang Fuxiang
Published: June 2024

Building artificial carbon cycling systems for the direct conversion of wastewater into value‐added solar fuels using renewable solar energy can contribute to achieving carbon neutrality. Herein, a bifunctional photocatalyst comprising three‐dimensionally ordered Ti3C2Tx/TiO2 nanoflowers is exploited for tandem carbon cycling systems to achieve efficient organic wastewater treatment with simultaneous CO2 resourcing. The highest efficiency is achieved by using the optimal Ti3C2Tx/TiO2 photocatalyst to treat simulated wastewater containing rhodamine B (RhB), with an enhanced primary CO production rate of 10.02 µmol g−1 h−1 and RhB degradation efficiency of 77.6% after 1 h of illumination in an anoxic environment. The CO/H2 ratio of the produced syngas can be readily tuned from 0.95 to 1.86 by adjusting the Ti3C2Tx content. Mechanistic studies based on DFT, in situ DRIFTS, and LC‐MS2/IC reveal that the coupled photocatalytic RhB degradation and CO2 reduction processes collectively undertake *HCOO intermediate coverage. This phenomenon triggers the sustainable and simultaneous conversion of *CO2 and *HCOO into CO under mild conditions and crosses the key rate‐limiting step of CO2‐to‐CO conversion, thereby achieving overall carbon utilization from organic wastewater treatment. This study offers in‐depth insights into the design and mechanisms of highly effective carbon utilization in artificial carbon cycling systems.
Nature‐Inspired Incorporation of Precipitants into High‐Strength Bulk Aluminum Alloys Enables Life‐Long Extraordinary Corrosion Resistance in Diverse Aqueous Environments
Authors: Wang Zhengbin , Yang Jie , Xiao Zhixiang , Liu Zhenyu , Xiao Bolv , Ma Zongyi , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Zheng Yugui
Published: June 2024

The safe service and wide applications of lightweight high‐strength aluminum alloys are seriously challenged by diverse environmental corrosion, since high strength and corrosion resistance are mutually exclusive for metals while surface protection cannot provide life‐long corrosion resistance. Here, inspired by fish secreting slime from glands to resist external changes, a strategy of incorporating precipitants as the slime into bulk metals using the inner cavity of opened carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the glands is developed to enable high‐strength aluminum alloys with life‐long superior corrosion resistance. The resulting material has ultrahigh tensile strength (≈700 MPa) and extraordinary corrosion resistance in acidic, neutral and alkaline media. Notably, it has the highest resistance to intergranular corrosion, exfoliation corrosion and stress‐corrosion cracking, compared with all previously reported aluminum alloys, and its corrosion rate is even much lower than that of corrosion‐resistant pure aluminum, which results from the pronounced surface enrichment of precipitants released (secreted) from exposed CNTs forming a protective surface film. Such high corrosion resistance is life‐long and self‐healing due to the on‐demand minimal self‐supply of the precipitants dispersed throughout the bulk material. This strategy can be readily expanded to other aluminum alloys, and could pave the way for developing corrosion‐resistant high‐strength metallic materials.
Nature‐Inspired Strategy: Novel Borohydride‐Based Solid Electrolytes Extracted from Cathode‐Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Yin Yuhang , Yan Fei , Li Shuyang , Chen Yufan , Guo Dingcheng , Zhao Jie , Sun Dalin , Fang Fang , Song Yun
Published: June 2024

As the core component of all‐solid‐state batteries, current solid‐state electrolytes fail to simultaneously meet multiple demands, such as their own high performance, the chemical, electrochemical and mechanical compatibility of electrode interface. A fresh perspective is rather desired to guide the development of novel solid electrolytes with comprehensive performance. Herein, this work proposes a novel strategy to synthesize solid electrolytes extracted from cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI), which is inspired by peach trees secreting peach gum to prevent further damage. A proof‐of‐concept, using LiBH4‐Se and LiBH4‐S as prototypes, confirms that as‐synthesized electrolytes inherited and improved up the advantages of LiBH4 with unexpected compatibility toward multiple cathodes. It is believed that the family of new electrolytes will be continuously expanded under the guidance of this CEI‐derived concept.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Sc(OTf)3/Cs2CO3‐Assisted C−O Cross‐Coupling of Vinylidenecyclopropane‐Diesters with Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Zhong Xian‐Hua , Long Yong‐Jie , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: July 2024

We herein describe a method in the synthesis of aryl ether derivatives from a cross‐coupling reaction of vinylidenecyclopropane‐diesters (VDCP‐diesters) with commercially available phenolic compounds for the formation of C−O bond under palladium catalysis and assisted by Sc(OTf)3/Cs2CO3. This developed transformation proceeds through a nucleophilic addition at the 2‐position of allenic moiety at 50 °C for 4.0 h and is compatible with substituents such as bromine, iodine and borate on the phenolic substrates via a zwitterionic π‐propargyl palladium species, affording the desired products in 29% to 95% isolated yields. A plausible reaction mechanism has been also proposed on the basis of control, deuterium labeling experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Reductive Alkylative Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes with Alkyl Bromides
Authors: Xing Yunxin , Tian Zhu , Shen Kun
Published: July 2024

A nickel‐catalyzed reductive alkylative cyclization of 1,6‐enynes with alkyl bromides has been developed. This transformation avoids the use of stoichiometric organometallic reagents and introduces alkyl groups regio‐ and stereoselectively into the products. This method provides a platform for the synthesis of carbo‐ and heterocycles that are widely found in many natural products and biologically active molecules.
Enhanced Interfacial Conduction in Low‐Cost NaAlCl4 Composite Solid Electrolyte for Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Ruoff Erick , Kmiec Steven , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: June 2024

All‐solid‐state sodium batteries offer the advantage of both sustainability and safety. Solid‐state electrolytes play a key role, and an oxygen‐incorporated NaAlCl4 composite electrolyte is presented with a high ambient‐temperature ionic conductivity of > 0.1 mS cm−1. The electrolyte synthesized with a mechanochemical reaction consists of in situ‐formed Al2O3 nanoparticles that provide enhanced conduction through an oxychloride phase at the interface. Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirms the formation of Al2O3 and the oxychloride phases at the interface and sheds insights into the origin of the enhanced ionic conductivity of the composite electrolyte. Additionally, simply adding Al2O3 nanoparticles to NaAlCl4 before mechanochemical synthesis is investigated, and a relationship between Al2O3 surface area and composite electrolyte ionic conductivity is identified. All‐solid‐state sodium batteries assembled with the composite electrolyte demonstrate a high specific capacity of 124 mA h g−1, clearly outperforming the baseline NaAlCl4 electrolyte. Furthermore, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is utilized to understand the origin of capacity fade and obtain insights into electrolyte decomposition products. This work provides a deeper understanding of methods for boosting the ion transport in a low‐cost halide solid electrolyte for practical viability of all‐solid‐state sodium batteries.
Covalent Organic Framework Catalyzed Amide Synthesis Directly from Alcohol Under Red Light Excitation
Authors: Roy Monojit , Mishra Bikash , Maji Shyamali , Sinha Archisman , Dutta Supriti , Mondal Sukanta , Banerjee Abhik , Pachfule Pradip , Adhikari Debashis
Published: July 2024

The dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and amines to form amide bonds is typically catalysed by homogeneous transition metal catalysts at high temperatures ranging from 130–140 °C. In our pursuit of an efficient and recyclable photocatalyst capable of conducting this transformation at room temperature, we report herein a COF‐mediated dehydrogenative synthesis. The TTT‐DHTD COF was strategically designed to incorporate a high density of functional units, specifically dithiophenedione, to trap photogenerated electrons and effectively facilitate hydrogen atom abstraction reactions. The photoactive TTT‐DHTD COF, synthesized using solvothermal methods showed high crystallinity and moderate surface area, providing an ideal platform for heterogeneous amide synthesis. Light absorption by the COF across the entire visible range, narrow band gap, and valence band position make it well‐suited for the efficient generation of excitons necessary for targeted dehydrogenation. Utilizing red light irradiation and employing extremely low loading of the COF, we have successfully prepared a wide range of amides, including challenging secondary amides, in good to excellent yields. The substrates’ functional group tolerance, very mild reaction conditions, and the catalyst's significant recyclability represent substantial advancements over prior methodologies.
Enabling Modular Click Chemistry Library through Sequential Ligations of Carboxylic Acids and Amines
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Cai , Zhou Xiang , Li Ying‐Xian , Zhang Chun‐Yan , Zhang Zi‐Yan , Xiong Yan‐Shi , Lu Gui , Dong Jiajia , Weng Jiang
Published: June 2024

High‐throughput synthesis and screening of chemical libraries play pivotal roles in drug discovery. Click chemistry has emerged as a powerful strategy for constructing highly modular chemical libraries. However, the development of new click reactions and unlocking new clickable building blocks remain exceedingly challenging. Herein, we describe a double‐click strategy that enables the sequential ligations of widely available carboxylic acids and amines with fluorosulfuryl isocyanate (FSO2NCO) via a modular amidation/SuFEx (sulfur‐fluoride exchange) process. This method provides facile access to chemical libraries of N‐fluorosulfonyl amides (RCONHSO2F) and N‐acylsulfamides (RCONHSO2NR′R′′) in near‐quantitative yields under simple and practical conditions. The robustness and efficiency of this double click strategy is showcased by the facile construction of chemical libraries in 96‐well microtiter plates from a large number of carboxylic acids and amines. Preliminary biological activity screening reveals that some compounds exhibit high antimicrobial activities against Gram‐positive bacterium S. aureus and drug‐resistant MRSA (MIC up to 6.25 μg ⋅ mL−1). These results provide compelling evidence for the potential application of modular click chemistry library as an enabling technology in high‐throughput medicinal chemistry.
Synthesis and characterization of chitosan mediated gold nanoparticles for sensitization of cancer cells
Authors: Wan Yulei , Zheng Dongju , Ma Li , Afshari Hamed , Zhang Yuhui
Published: July 2024

The report focuses on the preparation of chitosan mediated gold nanoparticles (Au@CS NPs) and theirapplication in radiotherapy. It highlights the use of gold nanoparticles as a way to enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy in cancer treatment. The process of fabrication of these gold nanoparticles using CS as both a stabilizing and reducing agent is detailed. CS, a biopolymer derived from chitin, is considered biocompatible and biodegradable and has been used largely in biomedicine. The properties of gold nanoparticles stabilized by CS were analyzed using various techniques such as FESEM, STEM, DLS, zeta potential, and UV–Vis. Finally, the in vitro assays were conducted to study the radioenhancement effect of Au@CS NPs on breast cancer cell line (4T1) as a radiosensitizer agent through the cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assays. The results show that Au@CS NPs could produce ROS within cancer cells and enhance sensitization of cancer cells against X‐ray.
Fabrication of biphasic scaffold composed of bioceramic‐loaded and water‐based photosensitive resins through vat photopolymerization
Authors: Sungkhaphan Piyarat , Kaewkong Pakkanun , Nualplaeng Sunanthiphon , Suannun Titinun , Lertwimol Tareerat , Risangud Nuttapol
Published: June 2024

This study introduces an approach to fabricating a stratified biphasic scaffold using vat photopolymerization. Two different printing materials were employed to prepare the construct, which was composed of polymer composite and hydrogel layers. Bioceramic‐loaded photosensitive resins, which were mainly formulated from poly(ɛ‐caprolactone‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate) (p(ɛ‐CL‐co‐GMA)) and hydroxyapatite (HAp), were introduced as the polymer composite layer. Besides, the water‐based photosensitive resin consisting of polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) was utilized to prepare the hydrogel layer. The effect of HAp content in the bioceramic‐loaded resins on the properties of 3D‐printed specimens (e.g., double bond conversion, printing fidelity, mechanical behavior, and morphology) was assessed. The biphasic scaffolds exhibited a compressive strength of approximately 90 MPa. An optical microscope and scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometer (SEM/EDS) analysis were employed to confirm the printing fidelity and the distribution of bioceramics, respectively. Besides, the cytotoxicity result suggested that the biphasic scaffolds were noncytotoxic to articular chondrocytes. We have developed a straightforward strategy using light‐assisted 3D printing to fabricate the biphasic scaffold for further use in biomedical applications.
Functional combination of resveratrol and tamoxifen to overcome tamoxifen‐resistance in breast cancer cells
Authors: Radwan Aliaa M. , Abosharaf Hamed A. , Sharaky Marwa , Abdelmonem Rehab , Effat Heba
Published: June 2024

Researchers are encountering challenges in addressing the issue of cancer cells becoming unresponsive to various chemotherapy treatments due to drug resistance. This study was designed to study the influence of antioxidant resveratrol (RSV) to sensitize resistant breast cancer (BC) cells toward tamoxifen (TAM). The cytotoxic effects of RSV and TAM against TAM‐resistant LCC2 cells and their parental michigan cancer foundation‐7 BC cells were determined by sulphorhodamine B assay. Further, the expression levels of multidrug resistance (MDR) genes including ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, and MRP1 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, apoptosis induction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content using flow cytometry were evaluated in either LCC2 cells treated with RSV, TAM, or their combination. The obtained results showed that resistant cells have a magnificent level of MDR genes. This elevated expression dramatically lowered upon receiving the combined therapy of RSV and TAM. Additionally, our work assessed the possible role of RSV in modulating the expression of MDR genes by controlling the expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) that target ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters. According to the obtained data, the TAM and RSV combination increased the expression of tumor inhibitor miRNAs such miR‐10b‐3p, miR‐195‐3p, and miR‐223‐3p, which made LCC2 cells more sensitive to TAM. Furthermore, this combination showed an elevation in apoptotic levels and total ROS content. The combination between RSV and TAM could be a functional therapy in the fight against TAM‐resistant BC cells via modulating miRNA and ABC transporters.
Leveraging technology to improve access to medical education in anatomy and physiology in resource‐limited settings: A mixed methods study
Authors: Mora Carpio Andres Leonardo , Romero‐Reveron Rafael , Vasquez Milagros , Bonilla Castillo Jose Antonio , Gaitán Concepción Lucía , Pano Carrera Romina , Liévanos Díaz Diego , Menéndez Conde Benjamín Galván , Montbrun Miryam , Espinoza‐Luna Anabel , Kreiger Joan , Davis John Lucian , Rochester Carolyn , Martin Andres
Published: July 2024

This study assesses the acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and efficacy of a novel asynchronous video‐based intervention for teaching respiratory physiology and anatomy to medical students in resource‐limited settings. A series of short video lectures on pleural anatomy, pulmonary physiology, and pathophysiology was created using Lightboard and screen capture technology. These were uploaded to YouTube and Google Drive and made available to 1st‐3rd year medical students at two Latin American universities for 1 week. Employing a parallel‐convergent mixed methods design, we conducted surveys, focus groups, interviews, and pre/post testing for qualitative and quantitative data. Thematic Analysis was used to analyze qualitative data and McNemar's test for quantitative analysis. Seventy‐six students participated. The videos' short format, interactivity, and Lightboard style were highly valued for their flexibility, time efficiency, and educational impact. Students recognized their clinical relevance and trusted their content, suggesting potential applicability in similar settings. Despite infrastructure and connectivity challenges, the use of flexible streaming and downloadable options facilitated learning. Survey results indicated high levels of feasibility (99%), appropriateness (95%), and acceptability (95%), with significant knowledge gains observed (37% correct pre‐test answers vs. 56% post‐test, p < 0.0001). Our findings demonstrate high acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and efficacy of a targeted asynchronous education centered on short‐format videos in resource‐limited settings, enabling robust learning despite local barriers. Flexible access is key for overcoming localized barriers. Taking an adaptive, learner‐centered approach to content creation and delivery to address constraints was pivotal to success. Our modular videos could serve as versatile models for flexible education in resource‐constrained settings.
Examining the association between prenatal cannabis exposure and child autism traits: A multi‐cohort investigation in the environmental influences on child health outcome program
Authors: Nutor Chaela , Dickerson Aisha S. , Hsu Tingju , Al‐Jadiri Aseel , Camargo Carlos A. , Schweitzer Julie B. , Shuster Coral L. , Karagas Margaret R. , Madan Juliette C. , Restrepo Bibiana , Schmidt Rebecca J. , Lugo‐Candelas Claudia , Neiderhiser Jenae , Sathyanarayana Sheela , Dunlop Anne L. , Brennan Patricia A. ,   program collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes
Published: July 2024

This study examined the association between prenatal cannabis exposure and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses and traits. A total sample of 11,570 children (ages 1–18; 53% male; 25% Hispanic; 60% White) from 34 cohorts of the National Institutes of Health‐funded environmental influences on child health outcomes consortium were included in analyses. Results from generalized linear mixed models replicated previous studies showing that associations between prenatal cannabis exposure and ASD traits in children are not significant when controlling for relevant covariates, particularly tobacco exposure. Child biological sex did not moderate the association between prenatal cannabis exposure and ASD. In a large sample and measuring ASD traits continuously, there was no evidence that prenatal cannabis exposure increases the risk for ASD. This work helps to clarify previous mixed findings by addressing concerns about statistical power and ASD measurement.
Simultaneous Inference of Multiple Binary Endpoints in Biomedical Research: Small Sample Properties of Multiple Marginal Models and a Resampling Approach
Authors: Budig Sören , Jung Klaus , Hasler Mario , Schaarschmidt Frank
Published: July 2024

In biomedical research, the simultaneous inference of multiple binary endpoints may be of interest. In such cases, an appropriate multiplicity adjustment is required that controls the family‐wise error rate, which represents the probability of making incorrect test decisions. In this paper, we investigate two approaches that perform single‐step ‐value adjustments that also take into account the possible correlation between endpoints. A rather novel and flexible approach known as multiple marginal models is considered, which is based on stacking of the parameter estimates of the marginal models and deriving their joint asymptotic distribution. We also investigate a nonparametric vector‐based resampling approach, and we compare both approaches with the Bonferroni method by examining the family‐wise error rate and power for different parameter settings, including low proportions and small sample sizes. The results show that the resampling‐based approach consistently outperforms the other methods in terms of power, while still controlling the family‐wise error rate. The multiple marginal models approach, on the other hand, shows a more conservative behavior. However, it offers more versatility in application, allowing for more complex models or straightforward computation of simultaneous confidence intervals. The practical application of the methods is demonstrated using a toxicological dataset from the National Toxicology Program.