bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between volition, physical activity and weight loss maintenance: Study rationale, design, methods and baseline characteristics
Authors: Dandanell Sune , Elbe Anne-Marie , Pfister Gertrud , Elsborg Peter , W Helge Jørn
Published: January 2017

Aims: To investigate the relationship between volition, physical activity and weight loss maintenance. Methods: We recruited 84 sedentary (maximal oxygen uptake: 25 ± 5 ml/min), overweight and obese (Body mass index (BMI) 38 ± 7 m/h2, fat 44 ± 7 %) women ( n = 55) and men ( n = 29) for an interdisciplinary prospective study with follow-up. The change in lifestyle and weight loss is promoted via a 3-month intensive lifestyle intervention at a private health school. The intervention consists of supervised training (1–3 hours/day), a healthy hypo-caloric diet (−500 to −700 kCal/day) and education in healthy lifestyle in classes/groups. The participants’ body weight and composition (Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry), volitional skills (questionnaire), physical activity level (heart rate accelerometer/questionnaire) and maximal oxygen uptake (indirect calorimetry) are to be monitored before, after, and 3 and 12 months after the intervention. Results: At the 12-month follow-up, three different groups will be established: Clinical weight loss maintenance (> 10% weight loss from baseline), moderate weight loss maintenance (1–10% weight loss) and no weight loss (or weight regain). A linear mixed model analysis will be used to compare levels of volitional skills, physical activity and maximal oxygen uptake over time, between the three groups. Correlational analyses will be used to investigate possible associations between volition, maximal oxygen uptake, physical activity level and weight loss maintenance. Conclusions: If specific volitional skills are identified as predictors of adherence to physical activity and success in clinical weight loss maintenance, these can be trained in future intensive lifestyle interventions in order to optimize the success rate.
Protecting Archaeological Heritage in Wetlands: The Muddied Waters of International, European, English and Australian Law
Authors: Stein Paul L.
Published: January 2017

This article presents a critique of the legislation that, directly or indirectly, is intended to designate and protect the archaeological heritage values of English wetlands, or that relates to those values. It focuses on a full description of the most significant primary legal source materials, and outlines other primary sources at each of these levels. After explaining the significance of wetland archaeology, the article describes relevant international, European and English law. Taking each in sequence, a comprehensive outline is provided of each of the laws pertaining to the designation and protection of the archaeological heritage values of wetlands. This is important because although some of the laws relate to one another, many do not. Consideration is given to the role of the law in protecting wetland archaeology to date, before a brief discussion and analysis of the application of the legislation is provided. In order to illustrate that the English experience is far from unique, comparisons with Australia are briefly made, and conclusions are drawn which highlight the lack of integration and coordination between laws at different jurisdictional levels and between laws with very different conservation purposes.
Environmental Compensation Schemes: Experience and Prospects
Authors: Hawke Neil , Hargreaves Pamela
Published: January 2017

This article draws on existing experience of the law, its application and enforcement as it affects environmental funds (or joint compensation schemes) in order to reflect on the more recent use and development of emerging funds. The investigation encompasses funds created through international accords in addition to those created on a national basis. It looks at schemes designed to identify and manage environmental liabilities as well as those designed to generate funding for environmental enhancement and protection. In addition to identifying any differences in approach between these two ‘types’ of fund the article isolates those aspects of existing schemes which have contributed towards their efficiency and effectiveness and investigates how far those criteria are reflected in the emerging environmental funds. A number of related issues run through the article: the variability of recognition of the ‘polluter pays’ principle, the identity and liabilities of fund contributors, the administration of funds and the achievement of widely differing objectives when compared with traditional civil liability regimes, the extent to which liability funds in particular are likely to achieve deterrence and promote higher standards of environmental protection, and the operational significance of accompanying provision for strict but limited liability and insurance cover.
Flood Defence Law after Marcic
Authors: Howarth William
Published: January 2017

The Court of Appeal decision in Peter Marcic v Thames Water Utilities (2002) raises some profound issues concerning common law liability for private nuisance and liability for infringement of human rights. Previously there had been recognised to be good reasons for excluding the liability of sewerage undertakers for sewer flooding, but these have been overturned by the decision. The finding of liability for environmental human rights infringements also defeats the purposeful avoidance of general statutory liability upon undertakers for sewer flooding and raises fundamental concerns about the respective roles of the courts and Parliament in contexts of this kind. The broad-based reasoning of the Court raises the implication that the same approach should be applied in contexts beyond that of sewer flooding. However, application of the same principles to the broader context of protection from flooding generally raises significant doubts as to the realistic scope of a right to such protection. Critical discussion, therefore, follows as to the need for careful qualification of any proposed right to flood defence and the failings of the Court in not taking account of the complexity of what is involved in dealing with liability for phenomena that arise from natural causes.
Fracture toughness of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg
Authors: Hitzler Leonhard , Hirsch Johann , Schanz Jochen , Heine Burkhard , Merkel Markus , Hall Wayne , Öchsner Andreas
Published: January 2017

Additive manufacturing represents a unique opportunity for the generation of highly complex components. Given the inherent anisotropic material behaviour, reasoned in the layer-wise generation process and the resulting span of mechanical properties with the lack of available data, the implementation of this manufacturing technique in industrial applications is challenging and requests expensive and time-consuming material testing. This work focuses on the fracture toughness of selective laser-melted precipitation-hardenable AlSi10Mg specimens, including positioning and inclination effects. Samples in accordance to the ASTM E 399-08 standard were fabricated in six different orientations and were subject to mode I fracture toughness testing. The notches were implemented in a subsequent milling procedure and the evaluation was undertaken as outlined in the ASTM E 1820-09 standard. Minor directional dependencies were found and the selective laser-melted samples revealed similar fracture toughness results as conventional bulk material, namely KIC-values in the range from 40 to 60 [Formula: see text].
The Silicon Valley Ethos: Tech Industry Products, Discourses, and Practices
Authors: Levina Marina , Hasinoff Amy Adele
Published: January 2017

This special issue of Television and New Media critically examines the ethos of Silicon Valley, imagined broadly, by analyzing its products, discourses, and practices. We argue that, as a technology industry and a cultural force, Silicon Valley’s practices and discourses reflect and produce particular social and economic investments in technology as a tool of empowerment and social change. Overall, the issue argues that the ethos of Silicon Valley privileges disruption over sustainability, sharing economies over union labor, personalized access over public health, data over meaning, and security over freedom. We analyze the ways this ethos extends beyond Silicon Valley itself and shapes the way we think about and act toward labor, security, sexuality, and health. As such, Silicon Valley’s technology products—as well as the way we think about them—affect the social, political, and economic conditions of everyday life.
Herbal Medicine Practices of Patients With Liver Cancer in Peru: A Comprehensive Study Toward Integrative Cancer Management
Authors: Rojas Rojas Teresa , Bourdy Geneviève , Ruiz Eloy , Cerapio Juan-Pablo , Pineau Pascal , Gardon Jacques , Doimi Franco , Deparis Xavier , Deharo Eric , Bertani Stéphane
Published: January 2017

Rationale: The highest burden of liver cancer occurs in developing countries, where the use of herbal medicine (HM) is still widespread. Despite this trend, few studies have been conducted to report HM practices of patients with a hepatic tumor in the developing world. Hence, this study aimed to document the use of HM among patients with liver cancer in Peru. Study Design and Methods: A comparative behavioral epidemiological survey was conducted among liver cancer patients attending the National Cancer Institute of Peru. Information was obtained by direct interviews based on a semistructured questionnaire. The use of HM in Peruvian liver cancer patients was reported, first, regarding general consumption prior to the onset of disease, and second, after the appearance of symptoms that patients would relate to their tumor. In parallel, general consumption of HM in noncancerous people was assessed as a comparative figure. A correspondence analysis was performed to reveal potential associations between the symptoms of cancer and the specific use of HM. Results: Eighty-eight patients and 117 noncancerous individuals participated in the survey. Overall, 68.3% of the people interviewed claimed to use HM on a regular basis for general health preservation. Furthermore, 56.8% of the patients turned to plants first to treat the disorders for which they later came to the cancer care center. When compared with the number of plant species used routinely (n = 78), a selection of plants was made by patients in response to the symptoms of cancer (n = 46). At least 2 plant species, Aloe vera and Morinda citrifolia, were significantly associated with the treatment of liver cancer–related symptoms in the patient group. Conclusions: The present study is the first survey on the HM practices of patients with liver cancer in Latin America and, more broadly, in the developing world. Our findings confirm that HM remains one of the principal primary health care resources in Peru, even for a severe disease like liver cancer. These traditional, complementary and alternative medicine practices should be taken into consideration in Peruvian health programs aiming to educate the population in cancer prevention and treatment, as well as integrative cancer management.
Design of hybrid sliding mode controller based on fireworks algorithm for nonlinear inverted pendulum systems
Authors: Su Te-Jen , Wang Shih-Ming , Li Tsung-Ying , Shih Sung-Tsun , Hoang Van-Manh
Published: January 2017

The objective of this article is to optimize parameters of a hybrid sliding mode controller based on fireworks algorithm for a nonlinear inverted pendulum system. The proposed controller is a combination of two modified types of the classical sliding mode controller, namely, baseline sliding mode controller and fast output sampling discrete sliding mode controller. The simulation process is carried out with MATLAB/Simulink. The results are compared with a published hybrid method using proportional–integral–derivative and linear quadratic regulator controllers. The simulation results show a better performance of the proposed controller.
Literature Review of Idiopathic Toe Walking: Etiology, Prevalence, Classification, and Treatment
Authors: Pomarino David , Ramírez Llamas Juliana , Martin Stephan , Pomarino Andrea
Published: January 2017

Purpose: The main objective of this review is to gather the information available about idiopathic toe walking (ITW), its prevalence and classification, and possible therapeutic approaches. In addition, this review aims to clarify the differences between idiopathic toe walkers and tiptoe walkers with underlying neurological or muscle deficiency as primary conditions. Understanding its causes and learning to make a differential diagnosis will help determine the adequate therapeutic approach. Methods: This is a review of different articles and case studies from 1967 to 2016. The information was gathered to update and unify all the information about ITW that has been published. Conclusion: The literature offers limited research regarding the possible etiology, prevalence, classification, and evaluation of ITW. This review puts together all the information regarding the etiology, prevalence, classifications, evaluation, and treatment of ITW.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV
The additional utility of apparent diffusion coefficient values of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma for predicting metastasis during clinical staging
Authors: Yoshida Rika , Yoshizako Takeshi , Hisatoshi Araki , Mori Hiroshi , Tamaki Yukihisa , Ishikawa Noriyoshi , Kitagaki Hajime
Published: January 2017

Background

The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value is known to be an indicator of tumor activity. The ADC value of high-grade clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is significantly lower than that of low-grade clear-cell RCC.

Purpose

To investigate the utility of ADC values of clear-cell RCC by comparing ADC values between groups with T1a RCC (tumor size ≤ 4 cm) without metastasis and the group with metastasis.

Material and Methods

A retrospective review was performed on 51 patients with 51 RCCs who underwent 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating a renal mass confirmed pathologically to be clear-cell RCC between January 2010 and August 2014. We compared ADC values between group A (T1a RCC without metastasis, T1aN0M0) and group B (RCC with metastasis) using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Results

The patients were divided into group A (n = 30; tumor size: median, 24.5 mm; range, 8–40 mm; ADC value [×10−3 mm2/s]: median, 1.71; range, 1.23–2.24) and group B (n = 21; tumor size: median, 87.5 mm; range, 18–150 mm; ADC value [×10−3 mm2/s]: median, 1.35; range, 0.91–1.94). The ADC value differed significantly between the two groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.869. Using the optimum cutoff value (1.552 × 10−3 mm2/s), ADC had a sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 81.0%.

Conclusion

There was a statistically significant difference in the ADC between group A (T1a clear-cell RCC without distant metastasis) and group B (advanced clear-cell RCC with lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis).
Farm to Factory Gendered Employment: The Case of Blue Skies Outgrower Scheme in Ghana
Authors: Torvikey Gertrude Dzifa , Yaro Joseph Awetori , Teye Joseph Kofi
Published: January 2017

Since the 1980s, a neoliberal paradigm has guided agricultural policy formulation in Africa with an unflinching preference for the commercialization of agriculture through the incorporation of smallholder farmers into global circuits of accumulation via outgrower arrangements. The paradigm has claimed that the promotion of integrated value chains will create jobs and enhance incomes in agrarian areas. This article assesses the manner in which men and women are positioned differentially in the outgrower value chains in terms of employment benefits. Drawing on interviews, the article explores the employment pattern in the outgrower value chain system and the structural dynamics that lead to benefits, or otherwise, for men and women in Ghana’s largest fruit-processing company, Blue Skies, and its outgrower farms. This study finds that many jobs were created along the value chain for men and women, but that men have occupied the high-earning echelon of the value chain as outgrowers, as well as more secure positions as permanent staff in the factory, women have largely been employed as disposable casual workers in these two spaces.
National HIV Care Continua for Key Populations
Authors: Gupta Somya , Granich Reuben
Published: January 2017

We reviewed published national HIV care continua for men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), and female sex workers (FSWs) to track progress toward the 90-90-90 target. We searched the Internet, PubMed, surveillance reports, United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS country reports, US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief country/regional operational plans, and conference abstracts for the continua and graded them on quality. We found 12 continua for MSM, 7 for PWID, and 5 for FSW from 12 countries. HIV diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy coverage, and viral suppression varied between (1) 5% and 85%, 2% and 73%, and 1% and 72%, respectively for MSM; (2) 54% and 96%, 14% and 80%, and 8% and 68%, respectively for PWID; and (3) 27% and 63%, 8% and 16%, and 2% and 14%, respectively for FSW. Two countries, using data from national cohorts, were high quality. There are limited key population continua in the public domain. Of the few available, none have achieved 90-90-90. Improved monitoring and evaluation of key population continua is necessary to achieve the 90-90-90 target.
Time- and offset-domain internal multiple prediction with nonstationary parameters
Authors: Innanen Kristopher A.
Published: January 2017

Practical internal multiple prediction and removal is a high-priority area of research in seismic processing technology. Its significance increases in plays in which data are complex and sophisticated quantitative interpretation methods are apt to be applied. When the medium is unknown and/or complex, and moveout-based primary/multiple discrimination is not possible, inverse scattering-based internal multiple attenuation is the method of choice. However, challenges remain for its application in certain environments. For instance, when generators are widely distributed and are separated in space by a range of distances, optimum prediction parameters such as [Formula: see text] (which limits the proximity of events combined in the prediction) are difficult to determine. In some cases, we find that no stationary value of [Formula: see text] can optimally predict all multiples without introducing damaging artifacts. A reformulation and implementation in the time domain permits time nonstationarity to be enforced on [Formula: see text], after which a range of possible data- and geology-driven criteria for selecting an [Formula: see text] schedule can be analyzed. The 1D and 1.5D versions of the time-nonstationary algorithm are easily derived and can be shown to add a new element of precision to prediction in challenging environments. Merging these ideas with multidimensional plane-wave domain versions of the algorithm provides 2D/3D extensions.
The fallacy of the average: on the ubiquity, utility and continuing novelty of Jensen's inequality
Authors: Denny Mark
Published: January 2017

Biologists often cope with variation in physiological, environmental and ecological processes by measuring how living systems perform under average conditions. However, performance at average conditions is seldom equal to average performance across a range of conditions. This basic property of nonlinear averaging – known as ‘Jensen's inequality’ or ‘the fallacy of the average’ – has important implications for all of biology. For instance, a burgeoning awareness of Jensen's inequality has improved our ability to predict how plants and animals will respond to a warmer and more variable future climate. But for many biologists, the fallacy of the average is still a novel concept. Here, I highlight the importance of Jensen's inequality, provide a simple graphical approach to understanding its effects, and explore its consequences at atomic, molecular, organismal and ecological levels.
Testing hypotheses about individual variation in plasma corticosterone in free-living salamanders
Authors: Thomas Jessica R. , Magyan Andrew J. , Freeman Peter E. , Woodley Sarah K.
Published: January 2017

In vertebrates, many responses to stress as well as homeostatic maintenance of basal metabolism are regulated by plasma glucocorticoid hormones (GCs). Despite having crucial functions, levels of GCs are typically variable among individuals. We examined the contribution of several physiological factors to individual variation in plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the number of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the magnocellular preoptic area of the brain in free-living Allegheny Mountain dusky salamanders. We addressed three hypotheses: the current-condition hypothesis, the facilitation hypothesis, and the trade-off hypothesis. Differential white blood cell counts were identified as strong contributors to individual variation in baseline CORT, stress-induced CORT, and the number of CRH neurons. In contrast, we found no relationship between corticosterone (or CRH) and body condition, energy stores, or reproductive investment, providing no support for the current-condition hypothesis or the trade-off hypothesis involving reproduction. Due to the difficulties of interpreting the functional consequences of differences in white blood cell differentials, we were unable to distinguish between the facilitation hypothesis or the trade-off hypothesis related to immune function. However, the strong association between white blood cell differentials and HPA/I activation suggests that a more thorough examination of immune profiles is critical to understanding variation in HPA/I activation.
The nucleoside analog clitocine is a potent and efficacious readthrough agent
Authors: Friesen Westley J. , Trotta Christopher R. , Tomizawa Yuki , Zhuo Jin , Johnson Briana , Sierra Jairo , Roy Bijoyita , Weetall Marla , Hedrick Jean , Sheedy Josephine , Takasugi James , Moon Young-Choon , Babu Suresh , Baiazitov Ramil , Leszyk John D. , Davis Thomas W. , Colacino Joseph M. , Peltz Stuart W. , Welch Ellen M.
Published: January 2017

Nonsense mutations resulting in a premature stop codon in an open reading frame occur in critical tumor suppressor genes in a large number of the most common forms of cancers and are known to cause or contribute to the progression of disease. Low molecular weight compounds that induce readthrough of nonsense mutations offer a new means of treating patients with genetic disorders or cancers resulting from nonsense mutations. We have identified the nucleoside analog clitocine as a potent and efficacious suppressor of nonsense mutations. We determined that incorporation of clitocine into RNA during transcription is a prerequisite for its readthrough activity; the presence of clitocine in the third position of a premature stop codon directly induces readthrough. We demonstrate that clitocine can induce the production of p53 protein in cells harboring p53 nonsense-mutated alleles. In these cells, clitocine restored production of full-length and functional p53 as evidenced by induced transcriptional activation of downstream p53 target genes, progression of cells into apoptosis, and impeded growth of nonsense-containing human ovarian cancer tumors in xenograft tumor models. Thus, clitocine induces readthrough of nonsense mutations by a previously undescribed mechanism and represents a novel therapeutic modality to treat cancers and genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations.
When two worlds collide
Authors: Langridge Chris
Published: January 2017

Unable to recruit? Pressure on costs? Premises inadequate? Want to improve patient services? Worried about extended hours? Chris Langridge discusses how merging with another practice may be the answer
2015 Practice Manager of the Year…
Authors: Jenkins Andrew
Published: January 2017

Claire Shea from Longford Surgery in Barnet, Hertfordshire, scooped the National Association of Primary Care (NAPC) Practice Manager of the Year Award, sponsored by Williams Medical. Andrew Jenkins looks back on the competiton
Taking PPGs to the next level
Authors: Dillon James
Published: January 2017

The new GP contract states that all practices must have a patient participation group. Here, we take a look at myPPG, a new online service that's making it easier than ever
Paperless yes — but GP-less?…
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: January 2017

What does 2016 mean for the GP practice? Julie Bissett scans the horizon
Men's health: The gender divide
Authors: Pollard Jim
Published: January 2017

As we break data down by gender we discover that there is a gender dimension to nearly every health problem. Jim Pollard explains how practices can reach male patients to provide a balanced service
Sharing safely
Authors: Bansal Sandeep
Published: January 2017

Dr Sandeep Bansal on how to stay compliant when using personal devices to improve patient care
’Doctor preneurs’
Authors: Hipwell Rupert
Published: January 2017

A look how GPs are championing the primary care adoption of integrated health apps and miniaturised devices, with Rupert Hipwell
A step into no-man's land
Authors: Baker Peter , Banks Ian
Published: January 2017

Peter Baker and Ian Banks look at how best to improve men's use of primary care services
Your practice online
Authors: Green Tim
Published: January 2017

How your patients experience your practice online is becoming as important as how they feel when they walk through the door. Web expert Tim Green explains.
Mission possible
Authors: Dominey Rachel
Published: January 2017

An innovative pilot project by Wessex Academic Health Science Network (AHSN) has delivered dramatic results, and put patients at the heart of its success. Rachel Dominey reports
Getting to the point of infection control
Authors: Rowlinson Chrissie
Published: January 2017

Chrissie Rowlinson provides a helpful guide to how practices should be handling and disposing of waste to minimise risk
Benchmarking infection control
Authors: Waters Rebecca
Published: January 2017

Rebecca Waters discusses how to keep yourself and your team up to date with infection control policies to ensure the highest possible standards
Mind the gap: Gender pay reporting and what it means for employers
Authors: Allen Phil
Published: January 2017

The introduction of compulsory gender pay gap reporting for employers is an attempt by the Government to resolve the ongoing problem of women being paid less than men, as Phil Allen explains
Retirement or revalidation?
Authors: Bhardwa Seeta
Published: January 2017

From April 2016, nurses will be required to revalidate with the Nursing and Midwifery Council. Seeta Bhardwa presents the findings of a survey of practice nurses, revealing their thoughts about the process
Medical emergency: Epilepsy
Authors: Berridge Wendy
Published: January 2017

Epilespy can start at any age, but it most often begins during childhood and in over half of cases, a cause cannot be found, as Wendy Berridge explains
You're off!: How to help recruit your successor
Authors: Gransby James
Published: January 2017

Accountant James Gransby lists the ideal skills required for the demanding role of practice manager
Bad habits: Smoking in females
Authors: Atenstaedt Robert , Evans Kelly , Mesari Ammar
Published: January 2017

A study commissioned by Public Health Wales of smoking habits in 11–12-year-old girls showed how much more needs to be done to tackle smoking among young people in the UK
Striking doctors: Confused? Me too …
Authors: Ainsworth Steve
Published: January 2017

Disputes between health professionals and government have been around as long as the NHS. Steve Ainsworth looks back at some of the most infamous
Keeping it clean: A healthy workplace
Authors: Waters Rebecca
Published: January 2017

Maintaining perfect standards of hygiene is a key consideration in any field, but doubly so in general practice, where patients may be more vulnerable to infection
Junior doctors' strikes: The legal implications
Authors: Lewis Alan
Published: January 2017

Following unsuccessful negotiations, the government has announced its intention to impose the new junior doctors contract, despite ongoing opposition. Alan Lewis considers the consequences of industrial action for staff, the NHS and the public
Top five tips for building a GP federation
Authors: Cumberlege Justin
Published: January 2017

Justin Cumberlege offers some advice on how to make a GP federation a success
The ABCD of malaria prevention
Authors: Brewer Catherine
Published: January 2017

Malaria is the most serious parasitic disease affecting humans. This article will look at the ‘ABCD’ of malaria prevention, and why time and knowledge are required to carry out a consultation effectively
Read all about it: The new GP Contract
Authors: Gransby James
Published: January 2017

The 2006/17 GP Contract came into effect on 1 April 2016. Accountant James Gransby looks at the detail behind the headlines
One for the money: The NHS pension scheme
Authors: Robinson Sarah
Published: January 2017

The NHS pension scheme is the fourth biggest pension scheme in the world, with 1.4 million members and outstanding benefits. Sarah Robinson explains the recent changes to the scheme affecting employees
Strength in numbers: Or too much of a risk?
Authors: Cumberlege Justin
Published: January 2017

While many GP practices are forming federations, others are thinking about merging. Justin Cumberlege, a partner in the healthcare team at law firm Cripps, looks at why bigger can often be better
Top ten questions: Meningococcal meningitis
Authors: Umeed Margaret
Published: January 2017

Meningitis is a serious disease that can cause devastating long-term consequences in those who survive it. Margaret Umeed offers advice on preventing meningitis and the vaccines available
Dealing with poor professional advice
Authors: Morgan David
Published: January 2017

Claims against professional advisers, such as surveyors, solicitors, accountants and architects, are increasingly commonplace. David Morgan, a lawyer with healthcare specialist Cripps, outlines the options for GPs if things go wrong
Is the NHS a target for cyber attacks?
Authors: Yeaman Tony
Published: January 2017

US and European experience leaves no room for doubt that the health sector is one of the most popular targets for cyber criminals, says Tony Yeaman
Racial harrassment in the workplace
Authors: Allen Phil
Published: January 2017

Since the UK voted to leave the EU, there has been a worrying increase in reports of race-related harassment taking place across the country. Whatever the reason behind the incidents, it is important for both managers and employers to be aware of the risks
Premises, premises: Meeting demand
Authors: Eustace Andrew
Published: January 2017

Andrew Eustace outlines the pros and cons of traditional owner-occupied tenures vs some alternative funding arrangements and how they have been used to improve the quality and flexibility of premises stock
Brexit: An end to reciprocal arrangements?
Authors: Ainsworth Steve
Published: January 2017

What happens to primary care after Brexit? Will practice managers soon be required to vet passports and the healthcare eligibility of citizens from outside the UK? The answers are less than certain, says Steve Ainsworth
Before you forget: Tackling DNAs
Authors: Moffat Polly
Published: January 2017

A campaign has been launched by NHS Leeds West Clinical Commissioning Group to remind patients to attend their GP appointments or cancel them if they no longer need them
A private view
Authors: Farrell Edwina , East Nathan
Published: January 2017

The use of non-NHS providers for NHS clinical services is on the increase and has brought about the familiar suggestion that the health service is being privatised. What does this mean for general practice?
Junior doctors' dispute: Where next?
Authors: McFarlane Paul
Published: January 2017

The latest round of industrial action by junior doctors was called off in September. What are the next steps for both sides of the dispute? Paul McFarlane looks at the possibilities from a legal perspective
Don't fall prey to invoice fraud
Authors: Bourne Tom
Published: January 2017

Tom Bourne, a lawyer at healthcare specialist Cripps, examines the growing problem of invoice fraud and how GP practices can protect themselves
Giving efficiency a clean bill of health
Authors: Williamson Denise
Published: January 2017

Improving efficiency plays a significant role in the NHS, helping to reduce delays in the consultation process and ensure that GPs maximise resources. Here, Denise Williamson looks at the biggest challenges practices face
The diets don't work
Authors: Barresi Rosalia
Published: January 2017

Many diets recommend processed foods on the shelves of supermarkets and stores, rather than eating nutrient-dense foods that can have a positive effect on wellbeing, as Rosalia Barresi explains
Lipid profiles in smoking and non-smoking male adolescents
Authors: Prastyanto Sigit , Sitaresmi Mei Neni , Julia Madarina
Published: January 2017

Background The prevalence of smoking in adolescentstends to increase. Smoking is associated with a higher risk ofdyslipidemia.Objective To compare the lipid profiles of tobacco-smoking andnon-tobacco-smoking male adolescents.Methods We performed a cross- sectional study in three vocationalhigh schools in Yogyakarta from January to April 2011. Dataon smoking status, duration of smoking and number cigarettesconsumed per day were collected by questionnaires. We randomlyselected 50 male smokers and 50 male non-smokers as the studysubjects.Results Mean differences between smokers and non-smokerswere 44.5 (95%CI 28. 7 to 60.1) mg/dL for triglyceride levels; 8.0(95% CI 1.0 to 14.9) mg/dL for low density lipoprotein (LDL)cholesterol; 11.8 (1.1 to 22.4) mg/dL for total cholesterol and -5.7mg/dL (95% CI -8.8 to -2.6) for high density lipoprotein (HDL)cholesterol. Mean differences (95% CI) between smokers whohad engaged in smoking for > 2 years and those who had smokedfor :S:2 years were -18.1 (95% CI -33 .9 to -2.3) mg/dL for totalcholesterol; -49.4 (95% CI -67.2 to -3 1.5) mg/dL for triglycerides.Mean differences between those who smoked > 5 cigarettes/dayand :s:5 cigarettes per day were -18 .4 (95% CI -32.8 to -4.1) mg/dL for total cholesterol and -29.1 (95% CI -53.6 to -4.6) mg/dLfor triglycerides.Conclusion Smoking more than 5 cigarettes/day significantlyincreases total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceridelevels, as well as reduces HDL cholesterol levels; while smokingmore than 2 years significantly increases total cholesterol andtriglyceride levels
Correlation of heart failure severity and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide level in children
Authors: Mahrani Yasmien , Nova Ria , Saleh Masagus Irsan , Rahadianto Kemas Yakub
Published: January 2017

Background  Heart failure affects morbidity and mortality in children with heart disease. There is no single, specific test to diagnose heart failure. The modified Ross Reithmann scoring system has been used to classify heart failure severity, but it is limited due to its subjectivity. The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is secreted by the ventricles during heart failure. It has been suggested as a possible marker for diagnosing heart failure.Objective To investigate the correlation between heart failure severity and plasma NT-proBNP concentration in children aged one month to 14 years.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in the Pediatrics Department of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital from July to September 2015 on children with congestive heart failure, aged one month to 14 years. Heart failure severity was assesed using the modified Ross Reithmann scoring system. Plasma NT-proBNP measurements were done in all subjects. Statistical analysis was done by Spearman’s test.Results  Subjects’ median plasma NT-proBNP concentration was 1,703 pg/mL (range 310-9,000 pg/mL). The NT-proBNP level and severity of heart failure had a significant, positive correlation (r=0.87; P<0.001). The NT-proBNP minimum levels in subjects with mild, moderate and severe heart failure were 310 pg/mL, 1,251 pg/mL, and 2,610 pg/mL, respectively.Conclusion Plasma NT-proBNP level has a significant, positive correlation with the severity of heart failure in children. As such, NT-proBNP level may be useful as a biochemical marker for the diagnosis and grading of the severity of heart failure in children.
Hubungan Higiene Perorangan Anak dengan Kejadian Kusta Anak di Kabupaten Pasuruan Tahun 2014-2015
Authors: Amira Nisa , Sulistyorini Lilis
Published: January 2017

Latar belakang. Faktor higiene perorangan yang baik merupakan faktor yang dapat mencegah penularan kusta. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara higiene perorangan dengan kejadian kusta. Kasus kusta anak merupakan indikasi masih adanya penularan aktif di masyarakat.Tujuan. Menganalisis hubungan antara aspek higiene perorangan anak yang meliputi kebersihan badan dan rambut, kebersihan tempat tidur dan kebersihan handuk dengan kejadian kusta anak di Kabupaten Pasuruan tahun 2014-2015.Metode. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain kasus kontrol dilakukan selama bulan Maret-Juni 2016 dengan sampel kasus dan kontrol masing-masing 16 sampel di Kabupaten Pasuruan.Hasil. Kebersihan badan dan rambut anak yang kurang baik merupakan faktor risiko penularan kusta anak di Kabupaten Pasuruan tahun 2014-2015 (OR: 5,000; IK95% 1,096-22,820). Kebersihan handuk yang kurang baik merupakan faktor risiko penularan kusta anak tahun 2014-2015 (OR:11,667; IK95% 1,227-110,953. Kebersihan tempat tidur bukan merupakan faktor risiko penularankusta anak di Kabupaten Pasuruan tahun 2014-2015.
Evaluation of removal torque values for titanium screws of prosthetic abutments after different torque application techniques: in vitro study
Authors: Medina Carolina Enith Bullen , Rafael Caroline Freitas , Volpato Claudia Angela Maria , Özcan Mutlu , Vasconcelos Diego Klee de
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the removal torque values on abutment screws after different torque application techniques. Materials and methods: Thirty specimens of an external hexagon implant, a prefabricated abutment and a titanium screw were distributed randomly in three groups. In group 1, the screws received a torque of 30 N.cm; group 2 received a torque of 30N.cm and a second torque after 10 min, in accordance with the technique proposed by Brending et al. and Dixon et al.; in group 3, a torque of 30 N.cm was applied and maintained for 20 s, in accordance with the technique recommended by Sella et al. The specimens were attached to a universal testing machine and a digital key was coupled to the load cell in order to control the torque value at a velocity of 1 N.cm/s. Removal torque was performed 10 minutes after torque application. Values were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test (? = 0.05). Results: The mean and standard deviations (±SD) of removal torque values found were 27.95±0.99N.cm for group 1, 28.32±0.68N.cm for group 2 and 26.89±1.03N.cm for group 3. Groups 1 and 2 exhibited statistically higher values of torque than group 3 (p ? 0.05). Conclusion: The technique recommended by Breeding et al. and Dixon et al. seemed to be the best option when considering the removal torque values of external hexagon implants. Keywords: Abutment screw; Dental implants; Removal torque.
Anatomic characterization of mentual foramen in dentate and edentulous regions with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
Authors: Lopes Sergio Lucio Pereira de Castro , Donato Iara Santos Quadros da Costa , Assis Afonso Celso Souza de , Moraes Mari Eli Leonelli de , Manhães Jr Luiz Roberto Coutinho , Gamba Thiago de Oliveria
Published: January 2017

Objective: To characterize and compare the positions and dimensions of the mental foramen (MF) openings between dentate and edentulous areas on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Material and Methods: Seventy-two CBCT images (i-CAT Next Generation, Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA) of the mandible were analyzed. The CBCT images were divided into two groups: Group D (dentate) -  with first and second mandibular premolars; Group E (edentulous) - without first and second mandibular premolars. At the transversal cuts, two measurements were obtained: MF height – the vertical distance between the lowest point of the mandibular canal to the external cortical of the mandible’s base (MFIH); MF opening – the greatest vertical distance between the superior and inferior MF external corticals (AbMF). Also, in Group D, the MF position was studied in relation to four landmarks: 1st premolar, between 1st and 2nd premolar; 2nd premolar; and other locations. Independent sample t-test and descriptive analysis were applied. Results: Only the distance AbMF showed statistically significant difference between groups, with tendency towards increasing in group D. Group E exhibited statistically significant difference between genders for the distance AbMF, with tendency towards greater values for males. Group D showed that MF was more frequently located at the area of the 2nd premolars (65.9%), while the area of the 1st premolars was that of smallest frequency (4.9%). Conclusion: the edentulism only reduced the dimension of MF opening. Edentulous males had a greater MF opening than edentulous females.Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography; Mandible; Anatomy, Regional; Anatomic variation.
Cartografias da memória em Chris Marker e W.G. Sebald: apontamentos sobre a relação entre História, memória e mapas
Authors: Brito Álvaro
Published: January 2017

O presente ensaio aproxima Chris Marker e W.G. Sebald, com o objetivo de definir e desenvolver questões que perpassam suas obras: a construção de um discurso historiográfico, as ambiguidades da memória, o movimento errante de suas personagens e o pensamento ensaístico. Tentamos esboçar alguns pontos de partida para tornar possível a escrita de uma memória como cartografia, que se faz no caminhar sobre o mundo, na coleta de imagens e relatos que contam histórias de vidas extraviadas pelos descaminhos da História.
Memorias en el presente. Afecto y espectralidad en imaginarios acuáticos contemporáneos
Authors: Depetris Chauvin Irene
Published: January 2017

A partir de abordajes recientes sobre las geografías afectivas y sobre los vínculos entre memoria y espectralidad, esta ponencia analiza los imaginarios acuáticos en un corpus de trabajos de Argentina y Chile. Obras audiovisuales, fotografías e instalaciones como “El botón de nácar” (Patricio Guzmán, 2015), “Los durmientes”, “El exilio imaginado” (Enrique Ramírez, 2012-2014), “Las aguas del olvido” (Jonathan Perel, 2013) cifran en el agua como territorio histórico, recurso y significante en disputa una “cartografía afectiva” que crea formas de “estar juntos” en la pérdida. Los trabajos de Patricio Guzmán, Enrique Ramírez y Jonathan Perel dan cuenta de los llamados “vuelos de la muerte” y de los terribles usos que hicieron las últimas dictaduras en Argentina y Chile del Río de la Plata y del océano Pacífico para “desechar” disidentes y “ahogar” la verdad, al mismo tiempo que trasgreden demarcaciones geográficas e históricas convencionales. Estos filmes, videos e instalaciones subvierten cartografías estabilizadoras y apelan al anacronismo para dar cuenta de los sentidos contradictorios del agua como fuente de vida, epicentro de culturas pero también cementerio, tanto para las víctimas de la dictadura como para grupos indígenas o, incluso, sujetos migrantes contemporáneos. Por otro lado, estas obras insisten en una “estética de los afectos” que hace posible “tocar” acontecimientos, espacios o sujetos olvidados o excluidos y establecer puentes entre distintas memorias y geografías en el presente.
Sob o signo do provisório: um diretor entre três cidades
Authors: Siqueira Daniela Giovana
Published: January 2017

Este artigo é dedicado à análise do filme brasileiro A Vida Provisória (1968), do diretor Maurício Gomes Leite. A partir dele, estabelece-se uma discussão sobre a relação entre cinema e cidade. Para tanto, propõe-se deslocar a atenção do estudo da memória de sua especificidade temporal para a espacial, buscando entender como o cinema potencializa a discussão entre a cidade real e o discurso feito sobre as cidades. Para o exercício da análise fílmica elegem-se três principais categorias: a presença e os significados que reverberam a exposição das cidades do Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte e Brasília na trama do filme; mimese entre diretor e personagem principal; e a tessitura do provisório na vida das personagens e a relação com o tempo histórico de realização do filme, em plena Ditadura Militar.
‘Joined together there is power, sister’: Re-viewing feminist work from the London Film-makers’ Co-operative
Authors: Mayer Sophie , Robertson Selina
Published: January 2017

The 'From Reel to Real' season of programmes, the first retrospective of women filmmakers' work from the London Film-makers' Co-operative, curated by Maud Jacquin with Tate Modern and LUX, bring together three generations of filmmakers, and highlight the transmission of a political aesthetics that is both theoretically-informed and embodied.
Apenas imagens: o Seminário Internacional de Documentário de Arquivo – Arquivos em Movimento
Authors: Rodovalho Gonçalves Beatriz
Published: January 2017

O Seminário Internacional de Documentário de Arquivo – Arquivos em Movimento ocorreu no Núcleo de Audiovisual e de Documentário da Fundação Getúlio Vargas (CPDOC-FGV), no Rio de Janeiro, em novembro de 2016. Este texto propõe uma reflexão sobre o encontro.
A paisagem no cinema: imagens para pensar o tempo através do espaço
Authors: Rosário Filipa , Villarmea Álvarez Iván
Published: January 2017

O dossiê temático publicado no número 4.1. da Aniki. Revista Portuguesa da Imagem em Movimento intitula-se ‘Paisagem e Cinema’. O conteúdo da sua introdução corresponde, em primeiro lugar, a um breve estado da arte, que ancora este trabalho dentro da bibliografia sobre o tema e, em segundo lugar, a uma descrição sintética dos discursos desenvolvidos pelos seis artigos que compõem o dossiê: o primeiro estuda a evolução histórica e estética do fundo no cinema russo e soviético das primeiras décadas do século XX; o segundo analisa as representações da paisagem portuguesa na obra do cineasta Manuel Guimarães; o terceiro identifica determinadas técnicas que funcionam como figuras de estilo do psychological landscape film, como a justaposição ou a sobreposição; o quarto interpreta o significado das paisagens urbanas brasileiras que aparecem na longa-metragem A Vida Provisória (Maurício Gomes Leite, 1968); o quinto investiga as relações físicas e conceptuais entre o corpo, a memória e a paisagem através de uma leitura sensorial dos filmes Ten Skies (James Benning, 2004) e Sin Peso (Cao Guimarães, 2007); e, por último, o sexto propõe uma análise comparativa de três trabalhos sul-americanos de não-ficção que mostram distintas paisagens aquáticas como lugares de memória: El botón de nácar (Patricio Guzmán, 2015), Los durmientes (Enrique Ramírez, 2015) e Las aguas del olvido (Jonathan Perel, 2013). O objetivo deste texto preliminar é, portanto, apresentar os principais conteúdos do dossiê e adiantar alguma das suas conclusões. Neste sentido, convém salientar o caráter aberto e polissémico da paisagem, que funciona, dentro e fora do cinema, como um palimpsesto que acumula múltiplos significados. Por este motivo, o cinema que retrata, cria e intervém na paisagem permite perceber, entre outras coisas, a superposição de tempos históricos e subjetivos que se produz em determinados espaço.