bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-service teacher attitudes toward the use of the mother tongue in Norwegian EFL classrooms
Authors: Neokleous Georgios , Ofte Ingunn
Published: November 2020

Because of the lack of research on the use of the mother tongue (MT) in the English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom in European contexts, and because the topic is rarely discussed in teacher training programs, teachers often assume that students prefer an environment that makes little to no use of their MT. What complicates matters further is that while policy makers suggest maximal use of the target language (TL), European curricula for English as a subject do not contain any direct statements prescribing English as the sole language of instruction. Thus, EFL teachers who share an MT with their students often wonder to what extent and in what contexts they should employ the TL and MT.  Observing four Norwegian EFL teachers in primary and lower secondary school over several lessons, this study attempts to unravel teacher attitudes towards MT use in the EFL classroom by presenting interview findings for the first time in a Norwegian setting. Additionally, the study explores whether the lack of clear guidance in the Norwegian curriculum for the subject of English regarding the use of the MT may add to the confusion among Norwegian EFL teachers as to how, when, and if the MT should be used. The results suggest that despite acknowledging the potential of the MT in the classroom, the four participants also felt guilty about its presence in their classrooms, particularly since their reported behaviours did not reflect their actual behaviours. In light of these findings, this paper suggests future research to shed light on what ratio would qualify as judicious MT use. It also highlights the importance of discussing the use of MT in EFL teacher training programs.
Hedging in spoken conversations by Norwegian learners of English
Authors: Johansen Stine Hulleberg
Published: November 2020

Hedging is an important aspect of pragmatic competence, but it is also a complex phenomenon that is difficult to master. This has resulted in underuse of hedging strategies by language learners, and many learners limit their hedging repertoire to a few strategies. This study compares the use of 10 hedging expressions commonly used in informal spoken English, a bit, I mean, I think, just, kind of/kinda, like, might, probably, thing(s), and you know, in data from LINDSEI-no, a corpus of Norwegian advanced learners, and LOCNEC, a comparable corpus of native English speakers. Norwegian learners typically show a high level of grammatical competence, but research on their pragmatic competence is limited. This study adds to the empirical research on Norwegian advanced learners by comparing the use of these expressions in native and learner language. The results indicate that as a group, Norwegian learners underuse hedging strategies, but when each expression and individual variation are considered, the picture is more nuanced. In fact, several of the Norwegian learners’ hedging practices partially overlap with several of the native speakers’ practices concerning hedging frequency and types of hedging strategies used.
Anatomopathological aspects of cutaneous lymphoma in dogs – review
Authors: Mazaro Renata Dalcol , Fighera Rafael Almeida , Lorenzetti Douglas Miotto , Cogliati Bruno , Leite Suzana Martins G, , Motta Marco Aurélio A.
Published: November 2020

Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent forms of cancers in dogs, however, it is uncommon on the skin. Cutaneous lymphoma can present as erythematous and exfoliative superficial lesions or raised masses. Histologically, cutaneous lymphomas are subdivided into epitheliotropic and non-epitheliotropic. Epitheliotropic lymphomas is mostly seen as mycosis fungoides and more rarely as pagetoid reticulosis or Sézary syndrome. Non-epitheliotropic lymphomas include anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma, unspecified peripheral T-cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, intravascular lymphoma, and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. This literature review presents macroscopic and histopathological aspects of canine cutaneous lymphomas.
Nồng độ 25-hydroxyvitamin D huyết tương và các yếu tố nguy cơ của hội chứng chuyển hóa
Authors: Nguyễn Trọng Nghĩa , Nguyễn Thị Nhạn , Đào Thị Dừa , Trần Hữu An , Phạm Trung Hiếu
Published: November 2020

Đặt vấn đề: Hội chứng chuyển hóa là một tập hợp của các yếu tố nguy cơ chuyển hóa tim, có khuynh hướng nhóm lại với nhau ở các đối tượng bị ảnh hưởng hơn là dự đoán một cách tình cờ. Sự hiện diện của hội chứng chuyển hóa làm tăng đáng kể nguy cơ xuất hiện đái tháo đường típ 2, bệnh tim mạch, từ đó liên quan chặt chẽ đến quá trình lão hóa và một loạt các kết cục xấu. Các nghiên cứu gần đây cho thấy thiếu vitamin D rất phổ biến trên thế giới và là một yếu tố nguy cơ của hội chứng chuyển hóa. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: (1). Đặc điểm nồng độ 25-hydroxyvitamin D huyết tương ở đối tượng có hội chứng chuyển hóa. (2). Mối liên quan giữa nồng độ 25-hydroxyvitamin D huyết tương và các yếu tố nguy cơ của hội chứng chuyển hóa. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang có đối chứng ở 275 đối tượng người trưởng thành đến khám sức khỏe tại Trung tâm điều trị theo yêu cầu và quốc tế - Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế, trong đó nhóm bệnh gồm 94 đối tượng có hội chứng chuyển hóa và nhóm chứng gồm 181 người khỏe mạnh. Hội chứng chuyển hóa được chẩn đoán theo đồng thuận của các tổ chức IDF, NHLBI, AHA, WHF, IAS, IASO năm 2009. Nồng độ 25-hydroxyvitamin D được đo bằng phương pháp xét nghiệm miễn dịch vi hạt hóa phát quang. Kết quả: Nồng độ 25-hydroxyvitamin D huyết tương ở đối tượng có hội chứng chuyển hóa là 27,8 ng/mL, tỷ lệ giảm 25-hydroxyvitamin D huyết tương là 87,2% cao hơn nhóm chứng là 24,9% có ý nghĩa thống kê (p
Thực trạng tuân thủ điều trị của bệnh nhân đái tháo đường điều trị ngoại trú tại Bệnh viện đa khoa Thiệu Hóa năm 2019
Authors: Nguyễn Trung Anh , Hoàng Thị Thảo , Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương
Published: November 2020

Thực trạng tuân thủ điều trị của bệnh nhân đái tháo đường điều trị ngoại trú tại Bệnh viện đa khoa Thiệu Hóa năm 2019
Kalkınma-Gelir Dağılımı İlişkisi: Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Yapısal Kırılmalı Ekonometrik Analiz
Authors: ÇÜTÇÜ İbrahim , ATAY Güven , AKKURT Aysun
Published: November 2020

Kalkınma, bir ekonomide sosyo-ekonomik gelişimin temel göstergesidir. Bu nedenle kalkınma politikaları sadece ekonomik gelişimi değil eğitim, sağlık, adalet, demokrasi gibi alanlarda da değişim yaratmaktadır. Kalkınmakta olan ülkelerde iktisadi açıdan temel iyileştirme ise gelir dağılımında hissedilmektedir. Gelir dağılımında adalet kavramı günümüz küresel dünyasında çözülmesi gereken temel problemlerden bir tanesidir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada kalkınma politikaları ile gelir dağılımı arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişki incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın temel hipotezi olan “kalkınma ile gelir dağılımı arasında uzun dönemli ilişki vardır” önermesi 1980-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye ekonomisi baz alınarak test edilmektedir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak yapısal kırılmaya izin veren zaman serisi analizleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre kalkınma ile gelir dağılımı arasında uzun dönemli eşbütünleşme ilişkisi görülmekteyken herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi yakalanmamıştır.
How Can Behavioral Economics Contribute to Innovation? 5-Step-Method
Authors: AKIN Mustafa Şeref
Published: November 2020

Behavioral economics has developed as an alternative view of the orthodox economy and has not seen the core stream in the innovation process. However, behavioral economics may actively contribute to new product development through its smart methods. This paper demonstrates how behavioral economics may contribute to the innovation process. The 5-steps method are developed: Business outcomes, personas, user needs, behavioral brainstorming, and hypothesizing. In a class activity, we test the process of learning management systems with students. The behavioral methods are explained. Team members interview with administration, teachers, and students. They provide insights and ideas by realizing how behavioral economics has much to offer a business world in which most management ideas and best practices are freely available to be replicated and exploited. Leaders now look to innovation as the primary source of differentiation and competitive advantage; they would succeed incorporating behavioral economics into the innovative process.
Growth and Yield of Corn and Legume as Influenced by N-Levels and Row Intercropping Schemes
Authors:   Tiburcio Tancinco Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Calbayog City, Eastern Samar, Philippines, Villocino, Jr. Santos , Pascual Pedro ,   Department of Agronomy and Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Leyte State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
Published: November 2020

N application and legume intercropping combinations gave better growth and yield performance of corn, peanut and mungbean. Application of 90 kg N/ha gave the highest grain yield of corn while N application reduced the herbage and grain yeilds of peanut mixture; however, it increased herbage yield of mungbean but reduced grain yield. Corn + peanut intercropping combination gave higher gross margin than corn + mungbean combination. Single-row intercropping scheme gave lesser production cost than double-row that resulted to higher gross margin of either intercropping combination.
Developing an English Proficiency Test for Fourth-Year Secondary Students
Authors:   Leyte State University Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines, Gerona Zenaida , Seroy Justiniano ,   Department of Liberal Arts and Behavioral Sciences, Leyte State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte
Published: November 2020

The researcher-constructed English proficiency test, after having been administered and subjected to item analysis, yielded 80 valid items, or 61.54% out of 130 original items under the discrete-point test; and 49 items, or 75.38% out of 65 items under the integrative test. Those valid items constituted the final items in the revised form of the discrete-point and integrative tests. Both tests proved to have reliability coefficients of 0.84 for the discrete-point test and 0.97 for the integrative test. The use of both types of test is recommended to effectively evaluate learner's English language proficiency. English teachers must also be reoriented to the combined use of the two types of test to effectively determine students' actual English proficiency level.
Biological Control of Rice Black Bug, Scotinophara coarctata (FAB.), in Leyte
Authors:   Leyte State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines, Po Mylene Milan , Mandras Bimbo ,   Department of Pest Management, Leyte State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
Published: November 2020

Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin was applied in three different methods: spray, through irrigation and broadcast. Spraying was the most effective method of applying M. anisopliae to reduce rice black bug population as evidenced by the significantly higher percentage of infected rice black bugs collected from plots sprayed with spore suspension of M. anisopliae than in plots applied with same fungus through immersion of the medium and broadcasting them regardless of the time of sampling. The effectiveness of spraying over the other two methods was the efficient deposition of spores on the plant surface or on the cuticles of the rice black bug themselves during application allowing greater chances of pick up by the insect which resulted in higher percentage (90%) infection of rice black bug on the sprayed plot. M. anisoploae had no effect on fecundity and hatchability of the eggs or rice black bug suggesting that the fungus was not transovarially transmitted. Percentage nymphal infection by M. anisopliae was very low. The results of the study also indicate that application of M. anisopliae in the field did not affect the egg parasitoid.
Natural Enemies of Micraspis crocea Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors:   Ease-West Seed Co., Inc. San Rafael, Bulacan, Philippines, Sabijon Marilyn , Ceniza Maria Juliet ,   Department of Pest Management, Leyte State University, Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
Published: November 2020

Field survey and laboratory studies were conducted to gather information on the natural enemies of Micraspis crocea. A number of predators, parasitoids and entomopathogens were observed to be associated with this species of beetle. Among the predators, the spiders were quite common in the field attacking both the larvae and adult beetles. Four species of spiders, Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell, Argiope catenulata Doelschall, Oxyopes lineatipes C.L. Koch and Lycosa pseudoannulata Bosenberg and Strand were recorded belonging to 4 families: Tetragnathidae, Araneidae, Oxyopidae and Lycosidae, respectively. Among the species, Oxyopes lineatipes had a hight rate of consumption of the beetle larvae in the laboratory. Other insect predators observed included long-horned grasshoppers (Conocephalus longipennis), crickets (Metioche vittacolis Stal), carabid beetles (Ophionea nigrofasciata Schmidt-Goebel) and species of ant (Solenopsis germinata Fabricius). An Encyrtid wasp was also observed to parasitize the larvae of M. crocea while the white muscardine fungus, Beauveria bassiana Balsamo (Vuillemin) was found to infect the adult beetles in the field.
Domestication of Trees by Upland Farmers in Southern Leyte, Philppines
Authors:   Visayas State University, Philippines, Polinar Anatolio
Published: November 2020

This study was conducted to determine the species of trees that are domesticate by upland farmers in Southern Leyte through interview and field visitation. It also looked into the reasons how trees become es
Ultrasound Image Denoising using Multiscale Ridgelet Transform with Hard and NeighCoeff Thresholding
Authors: Goel Preeti , Sinha H. P. , Singh Harpreet
Published: November 2020

Ultrasound imaging utilizes sound waves reflected from different organs of the body to give local details and important diagnostic information on the human body. However, using ultrasound images for diagnosis is difficult because of the existence of speckle noise in the image. The speckle noise is due to interference between coherent waves which are backscattered by targeted surfaces and arrive out of phase at the sensor. This hampers the perception and the extraction of fine details from the image. Speckle reduction/filtering i.e. visual enhancement techniques are used for enhancing the visual quality of the images. The multscale ridgelet transform based denoising algorithm for Ultrasound images is proposed for effective edge preservation in comparison to filtering techniques using the Adaptive Filters.
The Social Identity of Gifted Schoolchildren
Authors: Grushetskaya Irina
Published: November 2020

Psychological and pedagogic research and our own practical experience indicate that gifted students tend to experience difficulties in their interaction with microcommunity. These difficulties have roots in the social identity of gifted students. The article focuses on the features of the social identity of the gifted children who attend the Multidisciplinary School of Kostroma State University. The empirical study presented in the paper involved the assessment of the relationship between the teenager and the class, the students' communicative and organizational skills, leadership abilities. The study resulted in determining the social identity profile of gifted schoolchildren.
Beyond the Rhetoric of Sexual Harassment Policy to Good Leadership in Higher Education Institutions: Case Study, University for Development Studies
Authors: Tampah-Naah Christopher
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Sexual harassment has been working itself up as a social canker where women are widely abused.  Regrettably, this menace has been systematically ignored by the relevant authorities. Sexual harassment has gained currency in institutions of higher learning for several reasons. The study is limited to sexual harassment of females since this is pervasive and systematic. The paper investigates the extent of sexual harassment in contemporary times, its impact on the learning environment of higher education institutions. The paper also attempts to identify perpetrators of this heinous act. The study uses the University for Development Studies as case study. The writer closely examines the Sexual Harassment Policy of the University which only became operational in 2018.Methodology: A qualitative research design was employed. The population was the student leadership (Student Representative Council- SRC) of the multi-campus structure of the University for Development Studies (40), Simple random sampling technique was used to draw a sample size of 8 from which qualitative data was obtained using interview schedules for the four (4) Campuses of the University. Direct-observations and interviews of some key persons in the University was also employed.Results: The study revealed some weaknesses of the policy and concludes that the policy per se does not guarantee a complete protection for victims of sexual abuses. This therefore leaves much to be desired. Unique Contribution to theory, practice and policy: The paper therefore draws attention to this handicap that indeed, the policy may be in the right direction, but in itself not a sufficient bulwark against sexual harassment on campus. The writer therefore advocates extra guarantees or interventions for the University for Development Studies, whose policy on sexual harassment only recently became operational. Additional safeguards are recommended and above all a committed leadership to make the sexual harassment policy work
Feedback Management System with reference to Institutions of Higher Education: Opportunities & Challenges - An Exploratory Study
Authors: M.D. Pradeep , M.L. Kalicharan
Published: November 2020

Universities in India are globally famous for providing quality education with low cost. The privatization has further developed formal education with advanced technology, infrastructure and learning environment. It has become a matter of pride for the higher educational institutions to show case the innovations they do to provide quality education to the students. Sustainability can be attained only by detecting the defects in teaching, learning and evaluation system in the educational institutions. There is a need to seek proper solutions to solve the existing defects in the educational system so as to provide good citizens to the society. The Students, Faculties, Parents, Employers, Collaborative Institutions, Regulating Bodies, Banks and financial Institutions, Sponsoring bodes etc. are the prime stakeholders of educational system. The expectation of each set of stakeholder differs in its magnitude based on its role towards the cause of education. Feedback is the process of knowing the self for every educational institution to rate its service towards its stakeholders. Educational Institutions shall establish and adopt Feedback Management System (FMS) to detect the best practices and defects existing in its system. The University Grants Commission has mandated the feedback on teachers. It has directed the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) to seek feedback from the students to evaluate the quality of educational delivery. This paper describes about the regulatory norms, process, opportunities and challenges of Feedback Management System in the Higher Education system in India.
Measuring the Impact of Using Library Resources The Context of Secondary Students’ Academic Achievement
Authors:   Hamdard Institute of Education and Social Sciences, Hamdard University, Sami Abdus
Published: November 2020

This study aims to explore the effect of libraries resources, in the light of the history and background, on the student’s academic performance. The reviewed literature states that students using library resources have greater efficiency and knowledge as compared to the students who do not use the libraries. Over the past twenty years, investigators all over the world have collected a significant amount of evidence pointing out the well-developed schools’ library results in better academic performance of students. By reviewing deeply analysis the review of the literature that effective libraries of any academic institution has deep effects on pupil academic performance and due to these effects, the student can improve their ability to get better academic results. Many numbers of investigations analysis these matters adopting qualitative and quantitative method has been used. Most research studies show the point of views that libraries have a good effect and impact on a pupil school’s performance.
Role of Management in Teaching Practices Private Schools of District Central Karachi
Authors:   Hamdard Institute of Education and Social Sciences, Hamdard University, Ali Abid , Haider Kamal
Published: November 2020

The situation of public schools in rural and urban areas is not much good, that’s why parents are giving preference to private schools for their children’s education. This study focused on the role of school management team in improving teaching practices. Apart from the reviewed literature, an empirical investigation based on a quantitative research was used to collect data from 100 private schools of district Central Karachi. The results of the study revealed that the role of school management for enhance quality teaching practice in private secondary schools of central district Karachi. From this perspective, work climate plays vital role in teacher performance. Furthermore, it is very necessary to value the teaching learning process by helping teachers regard teaching matters. Providing job related resources and facilities are the responsibility of school management. Positive relationship among teaching staff and management staff plays important role in teaching learning process.
Implementation of Best Practices to Ensure Aflatoxin Controlled Chilli Production from Post Harvesting to Customer in Developing Country
Authors: Sarwar Adeel , Khan Saleem Ahmed
Published: November 2020

This project is carried out in one of the leading spice manufacturer of Pakistan located in Karachi. Dundi-cut whole red chilies (Capsicum indicum) are the most revenue-generating commodity of Pakistan. However, the persistence of aflatoxin contamination in chilies at higher levels is raising the health and economic risks. Aflatoxin (AFs), produced by A.spergillus flavus and A. parasilicus Spears, are toxic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive. Post-harvest practices may play as crucial role to make the red chilies physically damaged that may lead to increase the levels of aflatoxins. In this study good post harvesting technique after plugging of crop was implemented on drying process by which chili is dry on geo sheet instead on sandy soil and analysis of AFs content was performed for verification of true hypothesis. In addition the study also elaborate the level of aflatoxin content in normal, discolored, with pedicle and without pedicle chili samples collected from different field of Sindh province, in order to understand the root cause of high AFs content by result analysis in chili crop. The study was conducted in different chili producing areas of Sindh-Pakistan. The samples of red chili (locally called dandi cut variety) were collected from different chili growing areas in and around Kunri, Mithi, Nagarparkar, Marjhango and Samaro.
Learning Models in English
Authors: Zulu Solomon , Phiri Gampani
Published: November 2020

The aims of this paper are know the definition, competence and the procedures of each learning models in English. The learning process at school is an educational process that is planned, integrated, and systematical coordinated with clear and firm evaluation standards and measures. By therefore, everything related to the process learning in schools is an interpreted whole cannot be separate and random. A curriculum there must be systematically connected with the methodology learning is used, while the methodology the lesson must also be formulated in details and details. Therefore, curriculum development on practice is always bound and is strongly connected with learning methodology.
Different Chemical Structures and Physiological/Pathological Roles of Cyclooxygenases
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, Faki Yalcin , Er Ayse
Published: November 2020

This review describes cyclooxygenase (COX), which synthesizes prostanoids that play an important role in living things. The authors conducted a national and international literature review on the subject. The COX enzyme uses arachidonic acid to form prostanoids, which play a role in several physiological and pathological conditions. This enzyme has different isoforms, mainly COX-1 and COX-2. The constitutive isoform is COX-1, while COX-2 is the inducible isoform. Both are expressed in different tissues and at different levels, but they may also coexist within the same tissue. Both isoforms show essentially the same mode of action, but their substrates and inhibitors may differ. The COX-1 isoform, which plays a role in the continuation of physiological events, has an increased expression level in various carcinomas, and the COX-2 isoform, which is increased in inflammatory conditions, is typically expressed at low physiological levels in some tissues such as the brain, kidney, and uterus. In addition to investigating the efficacies of the COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms, the discovery of potential new COX enzymes and their effect continues. This review also looks at the roles of the COX enzyme in certain physiological and pathological conditions.
ANALISIS KEMULURAN RANTAI ORIGINAL HONDA CB150R TAHUN 2015
Authors: Maman Nurjaya  , TB. Utami Adi Subekhi  , Yadi Heryadi
Published: November 2020

Sepeda motor merupakan satu dari berbagai sarana transportasi darat yang cocok digunakan untuk menjangkau berbagai daerah dan tempat terpencil dengan pertimbangan ongkos yang murah. Sepeda motor dapat dinaiki sendiri ataupun dengan penumpang dibelakangnya. Kekuatan suatu rantai kendaraan merupakan masalah yang sangat penting pada performa kendaraan. Rantai yang mengalami kemuluran akan menyebabkan menurunnya performa. Dengan melakukan pengujian tarik pada rantai kita bisa mendapatkan data yang bisa kita butuhkan untuk mencari tegangan, regangan dan juga kemuluran pada rantai. Tegangan yang terjadi pada pengujian pertama sebesar 2898.21 N/mm2, regangan sebesar 0,43, modulus elastis sebesar 6481.07 N/mm², serta kemuluran sebesar 12.5556 mm. Dan tegangan pada pengujian kedua sebesar 2924.40 N/mm², regangan sebesar 0,47 , modulus elastis sebesar 6222.12 N/mm², serta kemuluran 12,6108 mm.Kata Kunci : rantai, tegangan regangan modulus elastis, dan kemuluran
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN PENGAJUAN KREDIT MENGGUNAKAN METODE WEIGHTED PRODUCT (WP) DI PRIORITAS GROUP PURWAKARTA
Authors: Dede Irmayanti  , Mochzen Gito Resmi  , Indana Zulfa Nazmu Fadhilah
Published: November 2020

Kredit adalah kepercayaan bahwa seseorang atau penerima kredit akan memenuhi segala sesuatu yang telah diperjanjikan terlebih dahulu pada masa yang akan datang. Prioritas Group merupakan perusahaan leasing yang memberikan jasa kredit barang elektronik dan furnitur bagi pemohon kredit dan mengambil keuntungan dari pembayaran bunga kredit. Satu kendala yang menyebebkan pendapatan perusahaan berkurang adalah kredit macet, untuk itu maka diperlukan penyeleksian calon konsumen yang dilakukan oleh kredit analis, karena kasus yang sering terjadi adalah konsumen yang mendaftar karna kondisi ekonomi yang tidak sesuai. Sehubungan dengan perihal diatas, bahwa kasus kredit macet yang menyebabkan berkurangnya profit perusahaan leasing dapat diminimalisir tergantung kinerja dari kredit analis dalam proses menentukan calon konsumen. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan dengan metode Weighted Product (WP) dan metode pengembangan prototype, perancangan dilakukan dengan Unified Modeling Language (UML) serta pengkodean program menggunakan php dan database dengan menggunakan mysql, upaya untuk membantu kredit analis di Prioritas Group Purwakarta dalam menetukan calon konsumen yang sesuai dengan standar perusahaan. Maka dengan adanya sistem ini dapat membantu team kredit analis dalam memberikan alternatif keputusan dalam memilih calon konsumen dilengkapi nilai dengan mengacu kepada kriteria-kriteria pengambilan keputusan yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan dalam memilih konsumen untuk meningkatkan kualitas penilaian dan keputusan yang diambil.
A measurement and model study on ozone characteristics in marine air at a remote island station and its interaction with urban ozone air quality in Shanghai, China
Authors: Gu Yixuan , Yan Fengxia , Xu Jianming , Qu Yuanhao , Gao Wei , He Fangfang , Liao Hong
Published: November 2020

Abstract. To understand the characteristics and changes of baseline ozone (O3) in
oceanic air in eastern China, a 6-year measurement of O3 concentration
was conducted from 1 January 2012 to 15 September 2017 at a remote offshore
station located on Sheshan Island (SSI) near the megacity of Shanghai.
The observed monthly mean O3 concentrations at SSI ranged from 33.4 to
61.4 ppbv during the study period, which were about 80 % and 12 %
higher, respectively, than those measured at downtown and rural sites in
Shanghai. Compared to the remarkable O3 increases observed at urban and
rural sites in Shanghai, observed O3 concentrations at SSI exhibited
statistically insignificant increasing changes (1.12 ppbv yr−1, α>0.10) during the observation period, suggesting less impacts
of anthropogenic emissions on O3 levels in oceanic air. In addition, an
insignificant decreasing change (−0.72 ppbv yr−1, α>0.10) was detected in O3 concentrations at SSI in September and October
when the influence of regional transport was minimum throughout the year,
providing a good proxy to study the baseline oxidation capacity of the
oceanic atmosphere. City plumes from Shanghai usually carried higher levels
of NOx, resulting in decreased O3 concentrations at SSI during
southwesterly and westerly winds. However, In MAM (March–May) and JJA
(June–August), due to the enhanced production of oxygenated volatile
organic compounds, O3 could be continuously produced during daytime in
aged city plumes, resulting in elevated O3 concentrations transported
to SSI. The impacts of the offshore O3 on O3 levels in Shanghai
are quantified during an easterly wind dominant episode (1–30 September 2014) using the WRF-Chem model (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry). Sensitivity results suggest that O3 in
the oceanic air inflows can lead to 20 %–30 % increases in urban O3
concentrations, which should be crucially considered in dealing with urban
O3 pollution in large coastal cities like Shanghai.
Diel patterns in nitrate concentration suggest importance of microbial pathways for in-stream processing
Authors: Greiwe Jan , Weiler Markus , Lange Jens
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Diel cycles in stream nitrate concentration represent the sum of all processes affecting nitrate concentration along the flow path. Being able to partition diel nitrate signals into portions related to different biochemical processes would allow to calculate daily rates of such processes that are urgently needed for water quality predictions. In this study we analyzed diel nitrate patterns at three locations in a 5.1 km long stream reach draining a 430 km2, mainly forested but anthropogenically influenced catchment during one growing season. We tested if the observed diel variability in nitrate concentration resulted from upstream sources and subsequent downstream transport or emerged simultaneously along the stream. We determined time lags between monitoring sites by cross-correlation. We found that time lags were closer to zero than travel time estimation assuming plug-flow suggested and concluded that ubiquitous in-stream processes prevailed in the creation of diel variability. To further analyze the diel nitrate signals we used k-means clustering to identify patterns in the diel portion of nitrate concentrations and interpreted the resulting clusters with regard to potential drivers and the calculated nitrate balance of sub-reaches. We found that 70 % of all diel patterns were attributed to clusters negatively related to the diel course of insolation with highest nitrate amplitudes on warm and sunny days and low water levels. We argue that temporal shifts towards the remaining clusters are rather due to shifts in microbial nitrate processing than in photosynthesis-driven plant uptake. These results suggest that the magnitude of microbial nitrate processing may be large compared to plant uptake.
Climate Change Projections of Terrestrial Primary Productivity over the Hindu Kush Himalayan Forests
Authors: Usman Halima , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Ahlström Anders , Baig Sofia
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] caused by anthropogenic activities has triggered a requirement to predict the future impact of [CO2] on forests. The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region comprises a vast territory including forests, grasslands, farmlands and wetland ecosystems. In this study, the impacts of climate change and land use change on forest carbon fluxes and vegetation productivity are assessed for HKH using the Lund-Potsdam-Jena General Ecosystem Simulator (LPJ-GUESS). LPJ-GUESS simulations were driven by an ensemble of three climate models participating in the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) database. The modeled estimates of vegetation carbon (VegC) and terrestrial primary productivity were compared with observation-based estimates. Furthermore, we also explored the net biome productivity (NBP) and VegC over HKH for the period 1850–2100 under the future climate scenarios RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. A reduction is observed in modeled NBP and VegC from 1951–2005 primarily due to land use change. However, an increase in both NBP and VegC is predicted under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. The findings of the study have important implications for management of the HKH region and inform strategic decision making, land use planning and clarify policy concerns.
Long-term trends of ambient nitrate (NO3−) concentrations across China based on ensemble
machine-learning models
Authors: Li Rui , Cui Lulu , Zhao Yilong , Zhou Wenhui , Fu Hongbo
Published: November 2020

Abstract. High loadings of nitrate (NO3−) in the aerosol over China significantly exacerbates the air quality and poses a great threaten on ecosystem safety through dry/wet deposition. Unfortunately, limited ground-level observation data makes it challenging to fully reflect the spatial pattern of NO3− level across China. Up to date, the long-term monthly NO3− datasets at a high resolution were still missing, which restricted the assessment of human health and ecosystem safety. Therefore, a unique monthly NO3− dataset at 0.25° resolution over China during 2005–2015 was developed by assimilating surface observation, satellite product, meteorological data, land use types and other covariates using an ensemble model combining random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The new developed product featured excellent cross-validation R2 value (0.78) and relatively lower root-mean-square error (RMSE: 1.19 μg/m3) and mean absolute error (MAE: 0.81 μg/m3). Besides, the dataset also exhibited relatively robust performance at the spatial and temporal scale. Moreover, the dataset displayed good agreement with (R2 = 0.85, RMSE = 0.74 μg/m3, and MAE = 0.55 μg/m3) some unlearning data collected from previous studies. The spatiotemporal variations of the developed product were also shown. The estimated NO3− concentration showed the highest value in North China Plain (NCP) (3.55 ± 1.25 μg/m3), followed by Yangtze River Delta (YRD (2.56 ± 1.12  g/m3)), Pearl River Delta (PRD (1.68 ± 0.81 μg/m3)), Sichuan Basin (1.53 ± 0.63 μg/m3), and the lowest one in Tibetan Plateau (0.42 ± 0.25 μg/m3). The higher ambient NO3− concentrations in NCP, YRD, and PRD were closely linked to the dense anthropogenic emissions. Apart from the intensive human activities, poor terrain condition might be a key factor for the serious NO3− pollution in Sichuan Basin. The lowest ambient NO3− concentration in Tibetan Plateau was contributed by the scarce anthropogenic emission and favorable meteorological factors (e.g., high wind speed). In addition, the ambient NO3− concentration showed marked increasing tendency of 0.10 μg/m3/year during 2005–2014 (p
Production of 40Ar by an overlooked mode of 40K decay with implications for K-Ar geochronology
Authors: Carter Jack , Ickert Ryan B. , Mark Darren F. , Tremblay Marissa M. , Cresswell Alan J. , Sanderson David C. W.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The decay of 40K to the stable isotopes 40Ca
and 40Ar is used as a measure of time for both the K-Ca and K-Ar
geochronometers, the latter of which is most generally utilized by the
variant 40Ar∕39Ar system. The increasing precision of
geochronology has forced practitioners to deal with the systematic
uncertainties rooted in all radioisotope dating methods. A major component
of these systematic uncertainties for the K-Ar and 40Ar∕39Ar
techniques is imprecisely determined decay constants and an incomplete
knowledge of the decay scheme of 40K. Recent geochronology studies
question whether 40K can decay to 40Ar via an electron capture
directly to ground state (ECground), citing the lack of experimental
verification as reasoning for its omission. In this study, we (1) provide a
theoretical argument in favor of the presence of this decay mode and (2) evaluate the magnitude of this decay mode by calculating the electron
capture to positron ratio (ECground/β+) and comparing
calculated ratios to previously published calculations, which yield
ECground/β+ between 150–212. We provide support for this
calculation through comparison of the experimentally verified
ECground/β+ ratio of 22Na with our calculation using
the theory of β decay. When combined with measured values of β+ and β− decay rates, the best estimate for the
calculated ECground/β+ for 40K yields a partial decay
constant for 40K direct to ground-state 40Ar of 11.6±1.5×10-13 a−1 (2σ). We calculate a partial decay
constant of 40K to 40Ar of 0.592±0.014×10-10 a−1 and a total decay constant of 5.475±0.107×10-10 a−1 (2σ), and we conclude that although omission of
this decay mode can be significant for K-Ar dating, it is minor for
40Ar∕39Ar geochronology and is therefore unlikely to have
significantly biased published measurements.
Model cascade from meteorological drivers to river flood hazard: flood-cascade v1.0
Authors: Uhe Peter , Mitchell Daniel , Bates Paul D. , Addor Nans , Neal Jeff , Beck Hylke E.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. There is an urgent need for the climate community to translate their meteorological drivers into relevant hazard estimates. This is especially important for the climate attribution and climate projection communities as we seek to understand how anthropogenic climate change has, and will, impact our society. This can be particularly challenging because there are often multiple specialized steps to model the hazard. Current climate change assessments of flood risk typically neglect key processes, and instead of explicitly modeling flood inundation, they commonly use precipitation or river flow as proxies for flood hazard. Here, we lay out a clear methodology for taking meteorological drivers, e.g., from observations or climate models, through to high-resolution (~ 90 m) river flooding (fluvial) hazards. The meteorological inputs (precipitation and air temperature) are transformed through a series of modeling steps to yield, in turn, surface runoff, river flow, and flood inundation. We explore uncertainties at different modeling steps. The flood inundation estimates can then be directly related to impacts felt at community and household levels to determine exposure and risks from flood events. The approach uses global data-sets and thus can be applied anywhere in the world, but we use the Brahmaputra river in Bangladesh as a case study in order to demonstrate the necessary steps in our hazard framework.
Long-term magnetic anomalies and its possible relationship to the latest Greater Chilean earthquakes in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory
Authors: Cordaro Enrique Guillermo , Venegas-Aravena Patricio , Laroze David
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Several magnetic measurements and theoretical development from different research groups have shown certain relationship with worldwide geological processes. Secular variation of geomagnetic cut off rigidity, magnetic frequencies, or magnetic anomalies have been linked with spatial properties of active convergent tectonic margin or earthquakes occurrences during recent years. These include the rise of similar fundamental frequencies in the range of micro hertz before Maule 2010, Japan 2011, and Sumatra 2004 earthquakes and the dramatic rise of the cumulative number of magnetic anomalous peaks before several earthquakes as Nepal 2015 and Mexico 2017, among others. Currently, all of these measurements have been physically explained by the microcrack generation due uniaxial stress change in rock experiments. The basic physics of these experiments have been used to describe the lithospheric behavior in the context of the seismo-electromagnetic theory. Due to the dramatic increase in experimental evidence, physical mechanism and theoretical framework, this paper analyses vertical magnetic behavior close to the latest three main earthquakes in Chile: Maule 2010 (Mw8.8), Iquique 2014 (Mw8.2), and Illapel 2015 (Mw8.3). The FFT, Wavelet transform and daily cumulative number of anomalies methods were used during quiet space weather time during one year before and after each earthquake in order to filter space influence. FFT Method confirm the raise of power spectral density in mHz range before one month each earthquake, which decrease to lower values after some months after earthquake occurrence. The cumulative anomalies method exhibited and increase previous to each Chilean earthquake (50–90 days prior earthquakes) similar to those found for Nepal 2015 and Mexico 2017. The wavelet analyses also show as similar properties as FFT analysis. However, the lack of physics-based constrain in the wavelet analysis do not allow conclusion as strong as FFT and cumulative methods. By using these results and previous research, it could be stated that these magnetic features could give seismic information from impending events. Additionally, these results could be related to the Lithosphere–Atmosphere–Ionosphere coupling (LAIC effect) and the growth of micro cracks and electrification in rocks described by the seismo-electromagnetic theory.
Rupture-dependent breakdown energy in fault models with thermo-hydro-mechanical processes
Authors: Lambert Valère , Lapusta Nadia
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Substantial insight into earthquake source processes has resulted from considering frictional ruptures analogous to cohesive-zone shear cracks from fracture mechanics. This analogy holds for slip-weakening representations of fault friction that encapsulate the resistance to rupture propagation in the form of breakdown energy, analogous to fracture energy, prescribed in advance as if it were a material property of the fault interface. Here, we use numerical models of earthquake sequences with enhanced weakening due to thermal pressurization of pore fluids to show how accounting for thermo-hydro-mechanical processes during dynamic shear ruptures makes breakdown energy rupture-dependent. We find that local breakdown energy is neither a constant material property nor uniquely defined by the amount of slip attained during rupture, but depends on how that slip is achieved through the history of slip rate and dynamic stress changes during the rupture process. As a consequence, the frictional breakdown energy of the same location along the fault can vary significantly in different earthquake ruptures that pass through. These results suggest the need to reexamine the assumption of predetermined frictional breakdown energy common in dynamic rupture modeling and to better understand the factors that control rupture dynamics in the presence of thermo-hydro-mechanical processes.
Subglacial permafrost dynamics and erosion inside subglacial channels driven by surface events in Svalbard
Authors: Alexander Andreas , Obu Jaroslav , Schuler Thomas V. , Kääb Andreas , Christiansen Hanne H.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Cold glacier beds, i.e., where the ice is frozen to its base, are widespread in polar regions. Common theories state that stable permafrost should exist under glacier beds on shorter timescales, varying from years to decades. Presently, only a few direct measurements of both subglacial permafrost and the processes influencing its thermal regime exist. Here, we present subglacial permafrost and active layer measurements obtained from within the basal drainage systems of two cold-based glaciers on Svalbard during the summer melt season. Temperature observations were obtained from subglacial sediment that was accessed through the drainage systems of the two glaciers in the previous winters. The temperature records cover the periods from spring to autumn in 2016 and 2019 at the glaciers Larsbreen and Tellbreen in central Svalbard. The ground temperature below Larsbreen indicates colder ground conditions, whereas the temperatures of the Tellbreen drainage system show considerably warmer conditions, close to the freezing point. We suggest the latter is due to the presence of liquid water all year round inside the Tellbreen drainage system. Both drainage systems investigated show an increase in subglacial sediment temperatures after the disappearance of snow bridges and the subsequent connection to surface meltwater supply at the start of the summer melt season. Temperature records show influence of sudden summer water supply events, when heavy melt and rain left their signatures on the thermal regime and the erosion of the glacier bed. Observed vertical erosion can reach up to 0.9 m d−1 at the base of basal drainage channels during summer. We also show that the thermal regime under the subglacial drainage systems is not stable during summer but experiences several freeze–thaw cycles driven by weather events. Our results show the direct importance of heavy melt events and rain on the thermal regime of subglacial permafrost and the erosion of the glacier bed in the vicinity of subglacial drainage channels. Increased precipitation and surface melt, as expected for future climate, will therefore likely lead to increased degradation of subglacial permafrost, as well as higher subglacial erosion of available sediment around the preferential hydrological paths. This in turn might have significant impacts on proglacial and fjord ecosystems due to increased sediment and nutrient input.