bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Neudesin as a Novel Biomarker – in Iraqi Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Osteoporosis
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Lama. Musab , Mohammed Taghreed. Uloom.
Published: April 2022

Neuron-derived neurotrophic factor [NENF], a human plasma neurotrophic factor, also increases neurotrophic activity in conjunction with Parkinson's disease-related proteins in Neudesin. Although Neudesin (neuron-derived neurotrophic secreted protein) is a member of the membrane-associated progesterone receptor (MAPR) protein subclass, it is not evolutionary related to the other members of the same family. The expression of Neudesin is found in both brain and spinal cord from embryonic stages to adulthood, as w Neudesin levels in Parkinson's patients with osteoporosis disease and Parkinson's patients without osteoporosis disease, as well as the relationship between Neudesin levels, Anthropometric and Clinical Features (Age, Gender, BMI) and Serum Parathyroid Hormones vit D3, Ca and phosphorous, were studied in this study. Eighty individuals participated in this study. Osteoporosis is a risk factor for Parkinson's, and Osteoporosis is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. In order to conduct this study, we selected patients from the Parkinson's Disease and Osteoporosis Center in Baghdad/ Alrisafa. G1 and G2 were (55-67) years old, (38-75) years old, and (55-66) years old, respectively. In all of the groups examined, the ratio of males to females has risen. Men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, accounting for this disparity. Neudesin concentrations in G1 and G3 were substantially lower than those in G2 (P= ±0.0001), although G1's concentration was somewhat higher than G2's (0.803±0.091 ng./ml). A "cut-off value" for determining sensitivity and specificity to diagnose the condition was also determined in the study, which included examining the link between blood Neudesin levels and the classification of participants into cases and controls.
TPACK leveraged: A redesigned online educational technology course for STEM preservice teachers
Authors: Umutlu Duygu
Published: April 2022

Integration of computational thinking and programming into science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) classes is needed to promote students’ learning of twenty-first century skills. Yet, teachers are not equipped to achieve this integration successfully as teacher education curricula do not generally align with this need. With the Covid-19 outbreak, curricula also need to be adapted for online environments. This qualitative study presents the redesign of an educational technology course that introduces programming and computational thinking to STEM preservice teachers for online settings, and explores learning experiences of preservice teachers, in terms of how they combine technological knowledge with pedagogy and content. Data were collected from course artifacts, such as reading responses, coding challenges, and lesson designs and implementations. The findings showed the online course design was helpful in enhancing preservice STEM teachers’ pedagogical approaches of how to teach computational thinking and programming. Offering hands-on coding practices in the course allowed preservice teachers to improve their technological knowledge (programming), and they were able to integrate their technological pedagogical knowledge into their content area and design meaningful lessons. The study offers implications for design of online teacher education courses that promote preservice teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge for computational thinking and programming.
Implications for practice or policy:

The online course design implemented in this study can be adjusted into different contexts, considering that fully-online or blended teacher education courses will still be needed in the future.
The design guidelines used in this study can be utilised to develop online teacher education modules for educational technology topics other than programming.
The question prompts given to preservice teachers in the study can be refined to trigger deeper reflection on pedagogy of computing education.
Online faculty’s use of technology when advising doctoral capstone writers
Authors: Gredler Joseph , Harland Darci
Published: April 2022

Inadequate or ineffectively communicated feedback from faculty advisors may limit the development of cordial, collaborative relationships with doctoral capstone writers and may impede their successful outcomes. The purpose of this general qualitative study was to explore online faculty’s use of technology when advising doctoral capstone writers. Yang and Carless’s (2013) feedback triangle model, including cognitive, social-affective and structural dimensions, provided the framework for the study. Demographic survey data and Zoom interview data were collected from 10 doctoral faculty at a fully online university to explore how and why faculty use technology and what technology-related activities faculty conduct when advising doctoral capstone writers. Emergent codes were organised using a priori codes from the feedback triangle model, and themes were developed within these dimensions. Cognitive themes were ensuring accountability and providing instruction, which addressed how participants were using technology. Social-affective themes addressing why faculty use technology were enhancing communication, increasing motivation and promoting self-regulation. Structural themes indicating technology-related activities were modes, preferences, procedures and barriers.
Implications for practice or policy:

Online faculty advisors may use technology more effectively to support doctoral capstone writers.
Administrators of online doctoral programs may provide more appropriate technology support for faculty who are advising doctoral capstone writers.
Online doctoral capstone writers may experience improved relationships with faculty advisors, which may promote successful capstone outcomes.
Faculty advisors and doctoral students working in face-to-face environments may benefit from enhanced application of technology in virtual communication resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Interrelated analysis of interaction, sequential patterns and academic achievement in online learning
Authors: YILDIRIM Denizer , USLUEL Yasemin
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to examine the behaviour of learners across a whole system and in various courses to reveal the interrelation between learners' system interaction, age, programme features and course design. We obtained data from the system logs of 1,634 learners enrolled in distance learning programmes. We performed hierarchical clustering analysis to describe system interactions; then, we carried out a sequential pattern analysis to examine navigational behaviours by clusters. The results showed that the system interactions (e.g., content, live lesson, assignment, exam, discussion) across the whole system differ by age and programme. The behaviour profiles of the learners changed when different course designs were presented. Learners who interacted more with any component (e.g., live lesson or content) according to their needs were more successful than those with limited interaction and assessment-oriented (those with limited interactions outside of the assignment). In an information and communication technology course, learners whose system interactions were sufficient to receive rewards were more likely to succeed. The sequential pattern analysis showed that the assessment-oriented cluster interacted with the assignment in the midterm weeks; the award-oriented cluster interacted with the content or completed their assignment and received an award. Consequently, it is difficult to determine or generalise the intervention unless the system, programme and course design features are standard.
Implications for practice or policy:

Course designers can use the assessment activities or motivation factors such as awards to increase students' system interactions.
Course designers should not determine or generalise interventions unless the system, programme and course design are standard.
Researchers should not only focus on data but also consider the contextual characteristics of data.
Digital teaching competence of university teachers: A comparative study at two European universities
Authors: Sánchez-Caballé Anna , Esteve-Mon Francesc Marc
Published: April 2022

This study analysed the level of digital competence of 910 university teachers at one Spanish and one Polish university, using a self-perception questionnaire based on the DigCompEdu framework. For this purpose, a quantitative methodology was used with the aim of finding out the situation at both institutions through focusing on gender, professional category, and areas of knowledge of the participants. The results showed that the university teachers generally perceived themselves as having an intermediate level of digital competence. In this sense, it was observed that the elements selected for analysis (university, gender, and professional category) can have direct implications for the results and that there are significant differences depending on the group to which they belong.
Implications for practice or policy:

Digital teaching competence need to be improved in the university context.
Gender influences the self-perceived level of digital teaching competence and this needs to be considered in the university practices and policies.
University teachers at the levels of junior lecturer and teaching assistant show better digital teaching competence and this needs to be considered in the university practices and policies.
Medium-specific aspects of digital reading and their impact on reading comprehension
Authors: Petrová Zuzana
Published: April 2022

The paper analyses empirical research results comparing the impact of the medium (traditional, paper-based vs. screen-based) on the reading process and text comprehension. It focuses on two analytical approaches—the first looks at the construction of cognitive maps of texts and the other the material aspects of the medium – which enable readers to orientate themselves and to explore and interpret the text more comprehensively. The paper discusses differences in how readers approach textual meaning according to experience of using digital technologies, the text, and reader experience and abilities. It concludes by arguing that strengthening these individual experiences and abilities is key to effective inference of textual meaning.
Designing digital tools for quality assurance in 24-hour home-care in Austria
Authors: Hauser Carina , Kupka-Klepsch Elisabeth , Haslinger-Baumann Elisabeth , Werner Franz
Published: April 2022

The cost-effectiveness of 24-hour care makes it a major source of support for elderly people in need of home-based care in Austria. Language barriers, feelings of isolation when living with chronically ill people and a lack of adequate training and quality control create stressful working conditions for 24-hour caregivers in Austria, who mainly come from Slovakia, Hungary and Romania. The challenges not only affect the 24-hour caregivers themselves but also their clients, relatives and registered care agency nurses in care settings. The aim of the qualitative study was to assess user needs in order to develop an app to improve working conditions and quality assurance in 24-hour home-care. The study consisted of guided interviews, focus group and cultural probes and 45 interviewees (24-hour caregivers, persons in need of care, relatives and registered nurses). The collected data were analyzed using Kuckartz’s method of content structuring qualitative content analysis. The main results show that 24-hour caregivers predominantly require information about common geriatric diseases and the law on 24-hour care. Additionally, medical emergencies can cause insecurities, which creates high interest in professional emergency management skills. Clients and relatives are especially interested in 24-hour caregivers having better German language skills. Care agencies and registered nurses would particularly welcome electronic care documentation to ensure traceability of the activities and measures taken.

The study points to the need for a digital tool that would meet demand for an appropriate assistance system for 24-hour home-care that complies with the AAL (active and assisted living) requirements of the aligned project. Therefore, the intended software solution meets challenges in 24-hour home-care for 24-hour caregivers, persons in need of care, their relatives and professionals involved in the 24-hour care setting.
Symbolic coping: Young people’s perspectives during the Covid-19 pandemic in three Central European countries
Authors: Puhrová Barbora Petrů , Lukšík Ivan , Scheitel Regina
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to find out what interpretive repertoires young people use in the symbolic management of the pandemic. Qualitative research using several methods on a sample of 172 young people in three countries, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Austria, and the subsequent discursive analysis showed that young people symbolically coped during the Covid-19 pandemic with the help of widespread concepts such as cutting off, closing sci-fi and panic. The interpretations used by young people to symbolically deal with the pandemic are close to those present in the public discourse—the discourses of threat, loss, emotion—but there was also a search for the concepts and language for use by experts and the general public in communicating about the pandemic. There were no significant differences in the interpretations of life during the Covid-19 pandemic in the three Central European countries.
The other side of the coin: A narrative inquiry into the positive consequences of infidelity among young adults
Authors: Hnatkovičová Denisa , Kallová Nikola , Hargašová Lucia
Published: April 2022

There is certainly no shortage of studies describing the unwanted effects of infidelity in the relevant literature. By contrast, this paper examines the previously unexplored face of infidelity – namely, the subjectively perceived positive effects. One hundred and four participants from Slovakia in emerging and/or young adulthood shared their relationship history through semi-structured interviews (transcribed verbatim). Sixty-nine of these were self-moderated in written form. The same topics were covered in the two types of interview. Using a categorical-content analysis method, four categories were created. These described the constructive functions of infidelity, including enhancing relationship quality; aiding a desired breakup; satisfying unmet needs; and facilitating the decision-making process during the transition period before settling into a long-term relationship. For future research we recommend differentiating between beneficial episodes of infidelity, focusing on personal characteristics and subjective experiences of infidelity, and including non-heterosexual participants.
Thermal hydraulic characteristics of silicon irradiation in a typical MTR reactor
Authors: Ibrahim Said M. A. , Abdelmaksoud Abdelfatah , Helal W.
Published: April 2022

In this work, a three-dimensional study is conducted for silicon ingot irradiation facility in a typical MTR reactor. The silicon ingot heat generation is allowed to change around its nominal value in the range of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 W/g. The dimensionless clearance ratio ζ between the ingot and the outer casing is changed for values of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2. The computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS FLUENT is employed to carry out these calculations. The temperature profile inside the silicon ingot during irradiation is of significant importance for uniform doping. Therefore, the impact of Rayleigh number and dimensionless clearance ratio ζ on the radial and axial temperature profiles through the ingot is reported. A best estimate correlation for the silicon irradiation facility global Nusselt number in terms of Rayleigh and dimensionless clearance ratio is presented. The dimensionless clearance ratio ζ value of 0.05 gives the best thermal hydraulic performance. Comparison with the available experimental correlations in the literature shows good agreement.
Lifestyle factors, mental health, and incident and persistent intrusive pain among ageing adults in South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate longitudinal associations with incident and persistent intrusive pain among rural South Africans.

Methods

Longitudinal data from two consecutive waves in 2014/2015 and 2018/2019 in Agincourt, South Africa, were analysed. Pain was assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory.

Results

In all, 683 adults of 3,628 participants without intrusive pain in Wave 1 (19.1%) had incident intrusive pain in Wave 2, 94 adults of 254 participants who had intrusive pain in Wave 1 (38.3%) had intrusive pain at both Wave 1 and 2 (persistent intrusive pain). Furthermore, 358 (7.2%) participants had intrusive pain at baseline. In the fully adjusted model for people without intrusive pain at baseline, the study found that obesity (AOR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05–1.63), depressive symptoms (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.34–2.08), PTSD (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.19–2.45), and poor sleep quality (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04–1.62) were positively associated with incident intrusive pain. Older age was positively, and male sex and daily alcohol use were negatively associated with incident intrusive pain. Furthermore, in the final adjusted logistic regression model, this study found that older age was positively, and underweight, overweight, and high sedentary behavior were negatively associated with persistent intrusive pain.

Conclusions

Several modifiable risk factors for incident and/or persistent intrusive pain were identified.
Inklusion und Exklusion im Sportverein: Theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Ergebnisse zur Partizipation von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund im organisierten Sport
Authors: Borggrefe Carmen , Cachay Klaus
Published: April 2022

Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, Mechanismen der Inklusion und Exklusion in Sportvereinen zu identifizieren, die die (Nicht-)Partizipation von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund am organisierten Sport erklären können. Im Lichte von theoretischen Überlegungen zur „symbolischen Grenzziehung“ und „Zugehörigkeit“ werden Ergebnisse aus Fallstudien in Nordrhein-Westfalen und Baden-Württemberg präsentiert.
Native Coronary Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Ghannam Alexander , Amoroso Nicholas , Mathbout Mohammad , Kilic Arman , Witer Lucas , Zeigler Sanford , Steinberg Daniel , Katz Marc , Pope Nicolas
Published: April 2022

Coronary artery pseudoaneurysms are extremely rare and most often occur after trauma or endovascular procedures [Aoki 2008; Kar 2017]. Delay in diagnosis or treatment may lead to coronary thrombosis with resultant ischemia or hemorrhage subsequent tamponade. Here, we present the case of a 66-year-old female who developed a coronary artery pseudoaneurysm of a non-grafted vessel three weeks after coronary artery bypass grafting. To avoid re-sternotomy, the pseudoaneurysm was successfully managed with a covered coronary stent and mini-left anterior thoracotomy to evacuate the hemopericardium and relieve tamponade.
Stress relaxation and elastic recovery behaviour of dual core stretchable ring spun yarn
Authors: Maity Subhankar , Chhatpuriya Anmol , Sinha Sujit Kumar
Published: April 2022

The main goal of using dual core spun yarn is to take advantage of all properties of its different components. Dual-core yarns comprising three components are currently in vogue. They combine the pleasant wear properties of elastic core yarns with high dimensional stability. The production of these yarns is a challenging process even at the spinning stage, but they are making high demands in the market. Such stretchable core yarns are produced using a modified Ring frame. In this system, dual core spun yarn is produced with a view to combining the advantageous aspects of two components, namely (i) Lycra and polyester filament as dual core elements and (ii) cotton fibres as sheath component that form a structured yarn. The main aim is to combine the good characteristics of two different fibers in a single yarn. Tensile properties, elastic recovery behaviour and stress decay of these dual core spun yarns are studied and a comparative analysis with conventional ring spun yarns are presented in this article. It is found that the dual core yarn is better in tensile behaviour, elastic recovery behaviour and stress decay as compared to conventional ring spun yarn.
Mechanism and ways of transmission and source of appearance of coronavirus strains
Authors: Bryndin Evgeny
Published: April 2022

The mechanism of transmission of infection is a way of moving an infectious agent from an infected organism to a susceptible one. Each infectious disease has its own characteristic pathway of pathogen transmission, which was formed during evolution to preserve the pathogen as a species. The mechanism of pathogen transmission includes three phases: excretion of the pathogen from the host organism into the environment, presence of the pathogen in the environment, introduction of the pathogen into a new susceptible organism. The main mechanism for transmitting coronavirus infection is air-droplet (or air-dust), in which the pathogens are localized in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and transferred to the new body through the air. In this transmission path, the pathogen enters the external environment during sneezing and coughing with liquid drops and is introduced into the human body when inhaling air containing infected particles. If the particles are small, they are for some time in the air in the form of an aerosol (drops suspended in the air), and if the particles are larger, then they settle on various surfaces at a distance of up to two meters around the sick person. Very often these are frequent items: door handles, handrails in transport, mobile phones, etc. Touching his face, a person puts the virus on the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, eye.
Breast cancer and progestins in menopausal hormone therapy: a literature review
Authors: Belardo Maria Alejandra , Pedro Pisula , Olivia Capalbo
Published: April 2022

Menopausal signs and symptoms challenge the patient’s quality of life. Fortunately, menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has been proved to be the most effective strategy, with oestrogen as the gold standard treatment. Addition of progesterone is mandatory in women with an intact uterus to protect the endometrium from hyperplasia that predisposes to uterine cancer. Newly synthetic progestins used in MHT differ in some pharmacological properties, and fewer data analyze profoundly its potential risks, which can influence decision-making process in menopause consultations. This literature review explores the differences between the preclinical and clinical profiles of progestins, particularly investigating its association with breast cancer risk. We focused on analyzing the most common prescriptions such as; Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Nomegestrol Acetate, Norethisterone, Drospirenone, Norgestimate, Levonorgestrel, and Desogestrel. Evidence suggests there is a greater breast cancer risk for synthetic progestins than natural progesterone, with differences among each type as well. Larger, long-term studies are needed to strengthen this outcome and provide evidenced-based clinical guidance.
Brain networks alterations in cocaine use and gambling disorders during emotion regulation
Authors: Picó-Pérez Maria , Costumero Víctor , Verdejo-Román Juan , Albein-Urios Natalia , Martínez-González José Miguel , Soriano-Mas Carles , Barrós-Loscertales Alfonso , Verdejo-Garcia Antonio
Published: April 2022

Background

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) and gambling disorder (GD) share clinical features and neural alterations, including emotion regulation deficits and dysfunctional activation in related networks. However, they also exhibit differential aspects, such as the neuroadaptive effects of long-term drug consumption in CUD as compared to GD. Neuroimaging research aimed at disentangling their shared and specific alterations can contribute to improve understanding of both disorders.

Methods

We compared CUD (N = 15), GD (N = 16) and healthy comparison (HC; N = 17) groups using a network-based approach for studying temporally coherent functional networks during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of an emotion regulation task. We focused our analysis in limbic, ventral frontostriatal, dorsal attentional (DAN) and executive networks (FPN), given their involvement in emotion regulation and their alteration in CUD and GD. Correlations with measures of emotional experience and impulsivity (UPPS-P) were also performed.

Results

The limbic network was significantly decreased during emotional processing both for CUD and GD individuals compared to the HC group. Furthermore, GD participants compared to HC showed an increased activation in the ventral frontostriatal network during emotion regulation. Finally, networks' activation patterns were modulated by impulsivity traits.

Conclusions

Functional network analyses revealed both overlapping and unique effects of stimulant and gambling addictions on neural networks underpinning emotion regulation.
Progress and challenges in the theory and modeling of complex concentrated alloys
Authors: Curtin W. A. , Rao S. I. , Woodward C.
Published: April 2022

The high atomic-scale complexity inherent in the aptly named complex concentrated alloys, or high entropy alloys, presents unique challenges in understanding (1) the structure and motion of defects that control mechanical properties and (2) the thermodynamic phase space encompassing stable, metastable, single, and multiphase alloys, possibly with chemical short range ordering. These factors plus the huge range of possible compositions makes computationally guided design of new high-performance alloys difficult but essential. Here, emerging concepts and theoretical frameworks for understanding defect structures, energies, and motion, and thermodynamics are discussed with a focus on yield strength and phase behavior. Pressing directions for future research are suggested to advance toward the predictive capabilities needed for alloy design.

Graphical abstract
Synthesis of 4-hydroxy and 6-hydroxyindoles: a renaissance of the Bischler reaction
Authors: Sharapov A. D. , Fatykhov R. F. , Khalymbadzha I. A. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: April 2022

In the present work we studied a modified Bischler-Möhlau reaction – synthesis of indoles from benzoin and aniline. Our proposed modification of this method differs from that described earlier in that the reaction is carried out at a lower temperature, which makes it possible to improve yields and reduce formation of tarry side products. In addition, unlike the previous contradictory works, which described the preparation of a single 4-hydroxy or 6-hydroxy isomer in condensation of m-aminophenol and benzoin, we obtained both 4-hydroxy and 6-hydroxy isomers.
Tendência da mortalidade por câncer e principais tipos segundo macrorregiões do Estado de Mato Grosso, 2000 a 2015
Authors: Aguilar Luísa Bertoldi , Gomes Camila Vieira , Lima Neto Geraldo Soares de , Montenegro Letícia Helena Ferreira , Oliveira Jânia Cristiane de Souza , Galvão Noemi Dreyer , Melanda Francine Nesello , Alves Mário Ribeiro , Souza Bárbara da Silva Nalin de
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever a tendência da mortalidade por todas as causas de câncer e as cinco principais causas no Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2015. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, ecológico, do tipo série temporal, com dados referentes aos óbitos de residentes de Mato Grosso por neoplasias (códigos C00 a C97 da Classificação Internacional de Doenças — CID-10), provenientes do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. A tendência temporal da taxa de mortalidade padronizada de todas as causas de câncer e de cinco causas específicas (pulmão, próstata, mama feminina, colorretal e colo do útero) para o Estado e segundo macrorregiões (Sul, Oeste, Norte, Leste e Centro-Norte) foi analisada por meio de regressão linear (p<0,05). Resultados: De 2000 a 2015, ocorreram 28.525 óbitos por todas as causas de câncer em residentes do Estado de Mato Grosso. Tendência crescente foi observada para todas as causas de câncer, além dos cânceres de pulmão, mama e colorretal. As macrorregiões Sul e Norte apresentaram tendência crescente para todas as causas, mama e colorretal; Centro-Norte para mama e colorretal; Leste foi crescente para todas as causas, próstata e colorretal e decrescente para colo do útero. Conclusão: No Estado de Mato Grosso, verificou-se tendência crescente de mortalidade por todas as causas de câncer e por causas específicas, com destaque para mama e colorretal na maioria das macrorregiões.
Tendência da incidência dos cinco principais tipos de câncer na Grande Cuiabá, 2000 a 2016
Authors: Souza Bárbara da Silva Nalin de , Melanda Francine Nesello , Lima Fernanda Cristina da Silva de , Silva Patrick Francisco de Oliveira , Aguilar Luísa Bertoldi
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da incidência das cinco principais causas de câncer, segundo sexo e faixa etária, na Grande Cuiabá, no estado de Mato Grosso, no período 2000 a 2016. Métodos: As informações da incidência foram obtidas no Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional referente aos municípios Cuiabá e Várzea Grande. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência brutas e selecionados os cinco principais tipos de câncer: para o sexo masculino foram próstata (C61), pulmão (C33–34), colorretal (C18–21), estômago (C16) e cavidade oral (C00–10) e para o sexo feminino foram mama (C50), colo do útero (C53), colorretal (C18–21), pulmão (C33–34) e glândula tireoide (C73). As taxas foram padronizadas pelo método direto, utilizando-se população mundial como referência. As tendências foram estimadas pelo método de regressão joinpoint, segundo sexo e faixa etária, e avaliadas por meio da variação percentual anual (annual percent change — APC) e da variação percentual média anual (average annual percent change — AAPC). Utilizou-se o software Joinpoint Regression Program, versão 8.3.6.1. Resultados: No período, verificou-se tendência decrescente do câncer de pulmão (AAPC=-2,2; intervalo de confiança 95% [IC95%] −4,0–-0,3) e estômago (AAPC=-5,2; IC95% −7,7–-2,6), nos homens, e colo do útero (AAPC=-7,2; IC95% −9,0–-5,3), nas mulheres, e crescente para mama (AAPC=2,8; IC95% 0,2–5,5) e tireoide (AAPC=8,3; IC95% 4,6–12,2). Conclusão: Na Grande Cuiabá, verificou-se tendência decrescente da incidência entre homens idosos para próstata, pulmão e estômago. Mulheres são acometidas em idades mais jovens, com tendência crescente para mama e decrescente para colo do útero.
Incidência e mortalidade por câncer de estômago na Grande Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, 2000–2016
Authors: Silva Patrick Francisco de Oliveira , Souza Bárbara da Silva Nalin de , Melanda Francine Nesello , Soares Elizana de Fátima Garcia , Bringhenti Mariana Verardi , Lima Fernanda Cristina da Silva de , Andrade Amanda Cristina de Souza
Published: April 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da incidência e da mortalidade por câncer de estômago na Grande Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, entre 2000 e 2016. Métodos: Dados de casos novos e óbitos de residentes dos municípios Cuiabá e Várzea Grande foram obtidos no Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional e no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, respectivamente. Foram calculadas taxas brutas e padronizadas pelo método direto, utilizando-se a população mundial como referência. As tendências foram estimadas pelo método de regressão Joinpoint, segundo sexo e faixa etária, e avaliadas por meio da variação percentual anual (annual percent change — APC) e da variação percentual média anual (average annual percent change — AAPC). Utilizou-se o software Joinpoint Regression Program, versão 4.9.0.0. Resultados: Verificou-se tendência decrescente da incidência do câncer de estômago no sexo masculino (AAPC=-5,2; intervalo de confiança — IC95% −7,7–-2,6), em homens com 60–69 anos (AAPC=-3,7; IC95% −5,6–-1,8) e 70–79 anos (AAPC=-3,7; IC95% −5,6–-1,8), bem como em mulheres com 50–59 anos (AAPC=-5,2; IC95% −7,8–-2,6) e 80 anos ou mais (AAPC=-5,2; IC95% −7,8–-2,6). A mortalidade apresentou, inicialmente, aumento em mulheres com 60–69 anos (AAPC=28,4; IC95% 9,7–50,4), redução para 80 anos ou mais (AAPC=-26,4; IC95% −38,0–-12,6) e estabilidade nas demais faixas etárias e entre homens. Conclusão: Verificou-se redução da incidência de câncer de estômago em homens e, quando analisada por idade, entre homens idosos e mulheres adultas e idosas, bem como estabilidade na mortalidade, com variação inicial em idosas. A produção de informações regionais subsidia o planejamento de políticas locais que visem à redução da carga da doença e de óbitos, considerando condições desiguais de risco e acesso a serviços de saúde.
The interplay between corrosion and cracks in reinforced concrete beams with non-uniform reinforcement corrosion
Authors: Berrocal Carlos G. , Fernandez Ignasi , Rempling Rasmus
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates the interplay between corrosion of reinforcement and corrosion-induced cracking in reinforced concrete structures with non-uniform corrosion distribution based on the experimental results of a concrete beam simultaneously subjected to sustained deflection and accelerated corrosion through impressed current. Unlike previous studies, this work encompasses various refined techniques for the measurement of surface cracks, such as digital image correlation and distributed optical fiber sensors, as well as for the assessment of reinforcement corrosion, namely 3D laser scanning, to explore previously hidden aspects of the relationship between the two parameters. The applied techniques proved very effective in providing an unprecedented level of detail of both the crack development and corrosion distribution. More specifically, the formation and propagation of corrosion-induced cracks were accurately and constantly monitored over time and subsequently compared to the distribution of corrosion. The results revealed that determining the maximum corrosion level or even the location of the section with maximum corrosion based solely on visual inspection of the surface crack width may not be possible. However, the width of corrosion-induced cracks was found to increase linearly with the local corrosion level, implying that crack width monitoring can still be used to estimate the rate of corrosion degradation.
Women’s Leadership in Kazakhstan as a Driver of Social Maturation
Authors: Nadirova Gulnar , Калиева Шынар , Сейтметова Джанетта
Published: April 2022

Studies of women’s leadership in Kazakhstan suggest that there are informal leaders who are firmly associated with real activities aimed at solving specific problems of society, especially in the social sphere. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors, characteristics and specific forms of informal female leadership that have influenced the maturation of civil society in Kazakhstan in recent decades, defining the strategies that they use to establish cooperation with decision-­making government agencies and individuals. Our hypothesis is that the participation of women activists expands the opportunities and scope of the civil sector in providing assistance to the most vulnerable members of the community, if they use strategies and tools that change the attitudes and approaches of state structures to these social problems. During our case study, as research methods we used observation and analysis of the activities of several women leaders, initiators of social and charitable movements. The primary and secondary sources used were interviews, media materials, and reports on performance results, ongoing projects, as well as official information on a number of issues affecting our theme. We tested the theories of transformational and adaptive leadership, as well as the concept of social capital, put forward by foreign scientists to practice female leadership in Kazakhstan, and concluded that they can be applied with certain adjustments for local conditions. We believe that in certain areas, the activities of non-governmental organizations led by women leaders are becoming more effective than the work of official bodies, which indicates an increase in the potential of civil society.
Гендерный дисбаланс в сфере науки: объективная статистика и субъективные смыслы
Authors: Таракановская Ксения Сергеевна
Published: April 2022

В статье раскрывается проблематика гендерного дисбаланса в университетах сквозь призму баланса жизни и труда. Анализируются статистика в сфере науки и образования по гендерным показателям и смысловые конструкты проявления гендерного дисбаланса через концепт баланса жизни и труда. Статистические данные демонстрируют гендерный разрыв на всех ступенях научной карьерной лестницы (сохранение феномена «стеклянного потолка»), а субъективные смыслы показывают, что женщины ищут компромисс между карьерными амбициями и семьей. Возможность совмещения личной жизни и научной карьеры рефлексируется, но с определенными оговорками. Свою идентичность они связывают прежде всего с ролью матери, а в профессиональном плане чаще с ролью преподавателя. При этом отмечают худшее положение женщин с точки зрения темпов карьерного роста. Это отражается и во внутриуниверситетской статистике распределения профессорско-­преподавательского состава по наличию ученых степеней. Рассмотренный кейс показывает, что среди мужчин чаще встречаются профессора и доценты (их карьера идет более быстрыми темпами), тогда как женщины чаще занимают позиции старшего преподавателя. Причины этого кроются в выборе женщин в пользу построения семьи. При этом такой выбор делается под влиянием установившегося гендерного порядка. Делая выбор в пользу семьи, женщины выбирают карьеру преподавателя, а не ученого, что позволяет оптимизировать временны́е затраты на работу и домашние обязанности. Академическая сфера производит дополнительное давление на женщин, требуя максимальной научной производительности, фактически не предоставляя никакой поддержки. Как результат – меньшая включенность женщин в научно-­исследовательскую деятельность, в руководство научными подразделениями, отделами, кафедрами. Исследование показало, что формально для женщин нет ограничений в построении академической карьеры, но существуют неявные гендерные барьеры, обусловленные как институциональными особенностями, так и нормативным типом семьи, материнства и отцовства.
Анализ дискурсивных режимов перехода во взрослость в нормативных документах молодежной политики России
Authors: Нартова Надежда Андреевна , Саблина Анастасия Андреевна , Кузинер Евгения Николаевна , Петрунина Дарья Сергеевна
Published: April 2022

Молодость как жизненный этап предполагает постепенное обретение навыков и компетенций, позволяющих достичь статуса взрослого. Современные модели перехода во взрослость все больше уходят от линейности и предзаданности, предполагавшихся модернистским жизненным курсом, становясь более гибкими и зависимыми от индивидуального биографического выбора. При этом несмотря на «приватизацию» и «персонализацию» процесса становления взрослым, успешность транзиции во многом зависит от социо-­экономических условий, различных видов неравенства и нацио­нальной социальной политики. Реализуемая государством молодежная политика играет одну из важнейших ролей в организации возможных и доступных для молодежи режимов перехода во взрослость. Статья выстраивается на пересечении двух перспектив: анализа моделей молодежной политики и анализа транзиции во взрослость. В фокусе статьи дискурсивные режимы транзиции во взрослость в нормативных документах молодежной политики современной России. Опираясь на анализ федеральных нормативных документов молодежной политики РФ за период 1990–2020 гг., демонстрируется, что артикуляция транзиции во взрослость существенным образом менялась на протяжении последних тридцати лет. Выделяются четыре сменяющих друг друга доминирующих типа дискурса, задающих рамки режимов перехода в конкретные периоды времени: 1990 гг. – режим избирательного патернализма; 2001–2005 гг. – режим воспитания и вмененной ответственности; 2006–2014 гг. – воспитательно-­протекционистский режим; 2015–2020 гг. – режим мобилизации. Ключевой особенностью молодежной политики РФ является постепенное исчезновение из документов горизонта взрослости для молодежи и конституирование молодости как автономного жизненного этапа. А сами молодые все больше рассматриваются как ресурс и готовая к мобилизации группа здесь и сейчас, нежели как потенциальные автономные взрослые.
Социальные функции сельского врача (на примере сибирских регионов)
Authors: Попов Евгений Александрович
Published: April 2022

В статье анализируются социальные функции сельского врача. В основе исследования лежит проблема консолидации жителей российских сел, необходимой для эффективного развития сельских территорий и решения повседневных задач. На фоне выраженных социально-­экономических проблем села наблюдается отчуждение людей, оно затрудняет решение социально значимых дел и вопросов местного значения. Не всегда на селе есть активные жители, которые улучшают условия жизни. Именно поэтому роль врача в рамках неупорядоченной сельской жизни, с множеством актуальных вопросов, зачастую не связанных с охраной здоровья, заметно возрастает. Расширение социальных функций сельского врача позволяет преодолеть ряд сложных проблем и изменить социальный климат на селе в лучшую сторону. Автор приходит к выводу, что предназначение врача на селе заключается не только в оказании медицинской помощи, но и в установлении долгосрочных контактов с жителями по вопросам общего благополучия. Врач готов активно отстаивать интересы односельчан во взаимодействии с органами местного самоуправления, способен заметно активизировать работу по воспитанию детей, защите их прав, охране прав семьи, оказывать помощь в развитии образовательной среды и преодолении негативных социальных процессов, связанных с безработицей, алкоголизацией населения, бытовой преступностью. В статье анализируется отношение к профессии и месту работы в сельской местности, личные и общественные интересы, взаимодействие с односельчанами по вопросам охраны здоровья (профилактики и лечения заболеваний), взаимодействие с органами власти (местного самоуправления) по проблемам охраны здоровья и актуальным социальным вопросам повседневной сельской жизни. Результаты исследования показывают, что социальные функции врача позволяют рассчитывать на улучшение жизни сельчан, а село при этом получает дополнительный стимул для развития и оказания поддержки населению.
Is Listening Comprehension in a Foreign Language Affected by Age?
Authors: Stankova Eva , Hruby Miroslav , Hasilova Kamila
Published: April 2022

Research background: The development of listening comprehension in a foreign language is a complex process, interrelated with the progress in other language skills, and could be affected by numerous variables, including age. This study responds to middle-aged adults’ complaints about their difficulties in listening comprehension in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) by examining the relationship between the success in listening comprehension in EFL and age.Gap in knowledge and Purpose of the study: Although age is considered a crucial factor in language acquisition, there is a lack of studies providing evidence on the relationship between age and listening comprehension achievement in a foreign language in adult learners. This study aimed to find out whether age is one of the significant factors affecting listening comprehension in relation to other language skills.Methods: Quantitative data analysis was used to determine the relationship between the success in listening comprehension in EFL and age in 1,323 Czech adults. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the success in listening in three age groups, tested within five academic years. Then a generalized linear model was used to assess the relationship between the success in listening and age.Findings and Value added: The analysis of variance has shown that the age group 21—30 achieved significantly better results in listening than the age group 41—60 at p < .05. The logistic regression curve has illustrated a gradual increase in the percentage of ‘unsuccessful listeners’ aged 25 to 52 in relation to age. Thus, the study offers empirical evidence that there is a negative correlation between the success in listening comprehension in a foreign language and age. Educators should assist adult learners in developing knowledge, skills and strategies to overcome listening comprehension difficulties with respect to increasing age.
Dual Training in Language Didactics of Foreign Language/CLIL Pre-Service Primary Education Teachers in Spain
Authors: Estrada-Chichon Jose Luis , Zayas-Martinez Francisco
Published: April 2022

Background: Classroom-based research in second language acquisition (SLA) has focused in the last decade on the pedagogical implications concerning the mental representation of language but has not considered the didactic training of pre-service teachers. Empirical analyses have been concerned almost exclusively with the linguistic development of foreign language learners, who do not receive specific training to become language teachers. Purpose: Due to the lack of literature regarding simultaneous linguistic and didactic training with pre-service foreign language teachers, this exploratory classroom-based research analyses a case of linguistic and didactic dual training for pre-service primary education teachers of German in Spain, both when being trained to work as foreign language teachers, or as CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) teachers. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of the dual training by measuring the degree of the pre-service teachers’ (N=4) willingness to communicate (WTC) before and after each practice session (N=14). This is a mixed-methods research where data were collected through (i) a questionnaire answered by the pre-service teachers and (ii) the lecturer’s linguistic and didactic excursuses. Results: The results show a high degree of WTC among the pre-service teachers, mainly as result of the Instructed Foreign Language Acquisition (IFLA)-based teaching practice model implemented, including linguistic training in German and didactic training (e.g., excursuses) in Spanish (L1). Factors like grouping increase the pre-service teachers’ WTC, while factors like talking to someone they know little about decrease it. However, personal traits need to be considered when it comes to WTC, even with individuals who share similar language proficiency.Implication: The innovation of this teacher training methodology lies in the coordinated combination of linguistic (i.e., IFLA-based teaching model) and didactic training. IFLA-based teaching practices are evaluated positively by the pre-service teachers in terms of linguistic and didactic training and WTC. Final recommendations are suggested about teaching methodology.