bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly selective skeletal isomerization of cyclohexene over zeolite-based catalysts for high-purity methylcyclopentene production
Authors: Xu Hao , Li Zhaofei , Meng Shijun , Jarvis Jack , Song Hua
Published: March 2021

Cyclohexene skeletal isomerization towards methylcyclopentene is an economically favorable process due to the higher added value of the product. Traditional oxide-based catalysts face the challenge of achieving both high activity and stability. In this work, cyclohexene skeletal isomerization is achieved under mild conditions over designed zeolite-based catalysts with 96.8 wt.% liquid yield, 95.8 wt.% selectivity towards methylcyclopentene and satisfactory stability for multiple runs. The favorable performance is attributed to the unique acidic, structural and morphological features of the optimized cobalt/NaUZSM-5 catalyst. Further experimental data and DFT studies suggest that a carboncationic mechanism might be followed and that the reaction mainly occurs within the internal pores of the zeolite structures.
Transport and coarsening of gold nanoparticles in an orogenic deposit by dissolution–reprecipitation and Ostwald ripening
Authors: Hastie E. C. G. , Schindler M. , Kontak D. J. , Lafrance B.
Published: March 2021

The role of nanoparticle gold in the formation of gold deposits has long been debated. Evidence in support of this process is generally limited to epithermal-, Carlin- and seafloor massive-sulfide-type deposits where gold nanoparticles are associated with primary fluid related processes. At the Kenty orogenic deposit in Ontario, Canada, gold has been remobilized from early pyrite through secondary coupled dissolution-reprecipitation processes to form high-grade gold external to pyrite. Here we report gold nanoparticles and related textures that help document this gold coarsening process. A combination of focused ion beam technology and transmission electron microscopy provides a rare glimpse of gold coarsening frozen in time, which includes nanoparticles trapped in iron oxides and rutile and non-oriented attachment of gold nanoparticles to bulk gold suggesting coarsening via Ostwald ripening. The processes documented are applicable to orogenic deposits formed through Earth’s history, and may explain the formation of ultra high-grade ore zones.
Controlled preparation of micro–nano hierarchical hollow calcium carbonate microspheres by pressurized-CO2 carbonization and their CaCO3:Eu3+ photoluminescence properties
Authors: Shi Liubin , Tang Mingde , Muhammad Yaseen , Tang Yong , He Lulu , Wang Weichao , Tong Zhangfa , Li Lishuo
Published: March 2021

Herein, calcium carbonate hollow microspheres with a micro–nano hierarchical structure were successfully synthesized using disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA-2Na) as an additive, by bubbling pressurized carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide at 120 °C.
Electronic structure of polypyrrole composited with a low percentage of graphene nanofiller
Authors: Chaughtai Zulqarnain , Hashmi Muhammad Ali , Yar Muhammad , Ayub Khurshid
Published: March 2021

Polypyrrole–graphene composites with a low concentration of graphene are modelled theoretically.
Photochromism and photomagnetism in three cyano-bridged 3d–4f heterobimetallic viologen frameworks
Authors: Li Meng-Hua , You Ming-Hua , Lin Mei-Jin
Published: March 2021

Three 3-D isostructural cyanide-bridged 3d–4f heterobimetallic complexes with enhanced photochromism and photomagnetism at RT have been achieved by the introduction of a photoactive viologen functionalized ligand.
Ion-conductive metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Sadakiyo Masaaki , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

This perspective provides an overview of ion-conductive metal–organic frameworks with various ionic carriers, such as protons, hydroxide ions, lithium ions and other ions.
Novel Cu(Zn)–Ge–P compounds as advanced anode materials for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Li Wenwu , Shen Pengfei , Yang Lufeng , Chen Anjie , Wang Jeng-Han , Li Yunyong , Chen Hailong , Liu Meilin
Published: March 2021

The Cu(Zn)–Ge–P compounds have high ionic and electronic conductivity and good tolerance to volume change during cycling, thus delivering excellent Li-storage performance.
Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharides enhance the immune efficacy of dendritic cell vaccine for breast cancer
Authors: Jia Guiyan , Shao Xingyue , Zhao Rui , Zhang Tao , Zhou Xiechen , Yang Yang , Li Tao , Chen Zhao , Liu Yupeng
Published: March 2021

POL-P3b, as a promising dietary adjuvant for the DC vaccine of breast cancer, could induce DC maturation and the mechanism of action involved in the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
In vitrogastrointestinal digestion and simulated colonic fermentation of pistachio nuts determine the bioaccessibility and biosynthesis of chronobiotics
Authors: Dufoo-Hurtado Elisa , Olvera-Bautista Rocio , Wall-Medrano Abraham , Loarca-Piña Guadalupe , Campos-Vega Rocio
Published: March 2021

Chronodisruption leads to obesity and other metabolic disorders that can be alleviated by food-derived potential chronobiotics, such as phytomelatonin (PMT), phenolic compounds (PCs), and dietary fiberrich pistachios.
A new 7-diethylamino-4-hydroxycoumarin based reversible colorimetric/fluorometric probe for sequential detection of Al3+/PPi and its potential use in biodetection and bioimaging applications
Authors: Mathivanan Moorthy , Tharmalingam Balamurugan , Devaraj Thangaraj , Murugan Abinayaselvi , Lin Chia-Her , Jothi Mathivanan , Murugesapandian Balasubramanian
Published: March 2021

A new 7-diethylamino-4-hydroxycoumarin appended acylhydrazone probe was prepared and utilized for the sequential detection of Al3+/PPi in a reversible off–on–off emissive manner. The various practical applications of the probe were established.
Discovery and characterization of naturally occurring potent inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase from herbal medicines
Authors: Zhao Dong-Fang , Fan Yu-Fan , Wang Fang-Yuan , Hou Fan-Bin , Gonzalez Frank J. , Li Shi-Yang , Wang Ping , Xia Yang-Liu , Ge Guang-Bo , Yang Ling
Published: March 2021

Discovery and characterization of natural human catechol-O-methyltransferase (hCOMT) inhibitors for Parkinson's disease treatment.
CN linked covalent organic framework for the efficient adsorption of iodine in vapor and solution
Authors: Song Sanan , Shi Yue , Liu Ning , Liu Fengqi
Published: March 2021

Volatile nuclear wastes, such as iodine, have received worldwide attention because it poses risks to public safety and pollutes the environment.
Deep levels in cesium lead bromide from native defects and hydrogen
Authors: Swift Michael W. , Lyons John L.
Published: March 2021

First-principles calculations of CsPbBr3 find that bromine and hydrogen interstitials exhibit deep defect levels which may lead to non-radiative recombination.
Electroanalytical overview: the pungency of chile and chilli products determined via the sensing of capsaicinoids
Authors: Crapnell Robert D. , Banks Craig E.
Published: March 2021

We explore the endeavours directed to the development of electrochemical-based sensors for the determination of capsaicin and related compounds, starting from their use in hyphenated laboratory set-ups to their modern use as stand-alone electroanalytical sensors.
Enantioselective preparation of atropisomeric biaryl trifluoromethylsulfanes via ring-opening of cyclic diaryliodoniums
Authors: Duan Longhui , Wang Zhonggui , Zhao Kun , Gu Zhenhua
Published: March 2021

Two convenient and practical methods for the synthesis of axially chiral biaryls bearing the trifluoromethylthio group are reported.
The study of intramolecular decay and intermolecular energy transfer for phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Cai Wanlin , Ren Kai , Zhao Ancong , Wu Xiulan , He Rongxing , Li Ming , Shen Wei
Published: March 2021

Compared to the PtOO7-based system, the greater EQE of the PtON7-based system is mainly governed by the stronger energy transfer efficiency (ηEET); thus, it is necessary to evaluate ηEET from hosts to guests for the rational design of OLEDs.
Visible light-induced Minisci reaction through photoexcitation of surface Ti-peroxo species
Authors: Naniwa Shimpei , Yamamoto Akira , Yoshida Hisao
Published: March 2021

Visible-light induced Minisci-type functionalization of pyridine with tetrahydrofuran proceeds through photoexcitation of surface Ti-peroxo species on TiO2.
Intercluster exchanges leading to hydride-centered bimetallic clusters: a multi-NMR, X-ray crystallographic, and DFT study
Authors: Zhong Yu-Jie , Liao Jian-Hong , Chiu Tzu-Hao , Wu Ying-Yann , Kahlal Samia , McGlinchey Michael J. , Saillard Jean-Yves , Liu C. W.
Published: March 2021

The tendency to reach dynamic equilibrium of intercluster reaction, Ag7(H) and Cu7(H), in solution is driven by a stepwise, one-metal exchange process, which has been illustrated by 2D EXSY NMR experiments.
Core–shell nanostructured Zn–Co–O@CoS arrays for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: He Yi , Xie Lei , Ding Shixiang , Long Yujia , Zhou Xinyi , Hu Qiang , Lin Dunmin
Published: March 2021

Although zinc oxide (ZnO) with wide distribution is one of the most attractive energy storage materials, the low electronic conductivity and insufficient active sites of bulk ZnO increase the internal resistance and reduce the capacity of electrodes for supercapacitors.
Green and white teas as health-promoting foods
Authors: Hinojosa-Nogueira Daniel , Pérez-Burillo Sergio , Pastoriza de la Cueva Silvia , Rufián-Henares José Ángel
Published: March 2021

Tea is one of the most consumed beverages around the world and as such, it is constantly the object of novel research.
Copper-catalyzed ortho-selective direct sulfenylation of N-aryl-7-azaindoles with disulfides
Authors: Ru-Jian Yu , Chun-Yan Zhang , Xiang Zhou , Xiong Yan-Shi , Duan Xue-Min
Published: March 2021

A copper-catalyzed direct C–H chalcogenation of N-aryl-azaindoles with disulfides is described.
Algae-mediated route to biogenic cuprous oxide nanoparticles and spindle-like CaCO3: a comparative study, facile synthesis, and biological properties
Authors: Taherzadeh Soureshjani Parisa , Shadi Ahmad , Mohammadsaleh Fatemeh
Published: March 2021

Cu2O nanoparticles were produced using aqueous extract of the brown algae featuring Cystoseira myrica and Sargassum latifolium and examined as anticancer and antibacterial agents.
Fabrication of TiO2/Fe2O3/CdS systems: effects of Fe2O3and CdS content on superior photocatalytic activity
Authors: Feng Hui , Feng Siqi , Tang Niu , Zhang Songbai , Zhang Xiangyang , Liu Bo
Published: March 2021

New idea for the low cost synthesis of high performance photocatalysts for the photodegradation of organic pollutants in aqueous solution.
Dissolving microneedles delivering cancer cell membrane coated nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Park Wonchan , Seong Keum Yong , Han Hye Hyeon , Yang Seung Yun , Hahn Sei Kwang
Published: March 2021

Recently, a variety of tumor vaccines and immune system stimulators such as toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been widely investigated for cancer immunotherapy via transdermal delivery.
Large areal capacity and dendrite-free anodes with long lifetime enabled by distributed lithium plating with mossy manganese oxides
Authors: Tan Jian , Soto Fernando A. , Noh Juran , Wu Peng , Yadav Digvijay Rajendra , Xie Kelvin , Balbuena Perla B. , Yu Choongho
Published: March 2021

A lithium metal anode based on MnO2-functionalized CNT displayed a long lifetime and large areal capacity, showing a high performance index over 10 000 mA h2 cm−2 due to outstanding lithiophilicity and electrolyte wetting characteristics.
Highly efficient photocatalytic water splitting and enhanced piezoelectric properties of 2D Janus group-III chalcogenides
Authors: Wang Pan , Zong Yixin , Liu Hao , Wen Hongyu , Wu Hai-Bin , Xia Jian-Bai
Published: March 2021

A series of 2D Janus group-III chalcogenides have been predicted as promising candidates for photocatalytic water splitting and piezoelectric devices.
Progenitors of low-mass binary black-hole mergers in the isolated binary evolution scenario
Authors: García Federico , Simaz Bunzel Adolfo , Chaty Sylvain , Porter Edward , Chassande-Mottin Eric
Published: March 2021

Context. The formation history, progenitor properties, and expected rates of the binary black holes discovered by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration via the gravitational-wave emission during their coalescence are a topic of active research.

Aims. We aim to study the progenitor properties and expected rates of the two lowest-mass binary black hole mergers, GW151226 and GW170608, detected within the first two Advanced LIGO-Virgo observing runs, in the context of the classical isolated binary-evolution scenario.

Methods. We used the publicly available 1D-hydrodynamic stellar-evolution code MESA, which we adapted to include the black-hole formation and the unstable mass transfer developed during the so-called common-envelope phase. Using more than 60 000 binary simulations, we explored a wide parameter space for initial stellar masses, separations, metallicities, and mass-transfer efficiencies. We obtained the expected distributions for the chirp mass, mass ratio, and merger time delay by accounting for the initial stellar binary distributions. We predicted the expected merger rates and compared them with those of the detected gravitational-wave events. We studied the dependence of our predictions with respect to the (as yet) unconstrained parameters inherent to binary stellar evolution.

Results. Our simulations for both events show that while the progenitors we obtained are compatible over the entire range of explored metallicities, they show a strong dependence on the initial masses of the stars, according to stellar winds. All the progenitors we found follow a similar evolutionary path, starting from binaries with initial separations in the 30−200 R⊙ range experiencing a stable mass transfer interaction before the formation of the first black hole, followed by a second unstable mass-transfer episode leading to a common-envelope ejection that occurs either when the secondary star crosses the Hertzsprung gap or when it is burning He in its core. The common-envelope phase plays a fundamental role in the considered low-mass range: only progenitors experiencing such an unstable mass-transfer phase are able to merge in less than a Hubble time.

Conclusions. We find integrated merger-rate densities in the range 0.2–5.0 yr−1 Gpc−3 in the Local Universe for the highest mass-transfer efficiencies explored here. The highest rate densities lead to detection rates of 1.2–3.3 yr−1, which are compatible with the observed rates. The common-envelope efficiency αCE has a strong impact on the progenitor populations. A high-efficiency scenario with αCE = 2.0 is favoured when comparing the expected rates with the observations.
Stratification of physical parameters in a C-class solar flare using multiline observations
Authors: Yadav R. , Díaz Baso C. J. , de la Cruz Rodríguez J. , Calvo F. , Morosin R.
Published: March 2021

We present high-resolution and multiline observations of a C2-class solar flare (SOL2019-05-06T08:47), which occurred in NOAA AR 12740 on May 6, 2019. The rise, peak, and decay phases of the flare were recorded continuously and quasi-simultaneously in the Ca II K line with the CHROMIS instrument and in the Ca II 8542 Å and Fe I 6173 Å lines with the CRISP instrument at the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope. The observations in the chromospheric Ca II lines exhibit intense brightening near the flare footpoints. At these locations, a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium inversion code was employed to infer the temperature, magnetic field, line-of-sight (LOS) velocity, and microturbulent velocity stratification in the flaring atmosphere. The temporal analysis of the inferred temperature at the flare footpoints shows that the flaring atmosphere from log τ500 ∼ −2.5 to −3.5 is heated up to 7 kK, whereas from log τ500 ∼ −3.5 to −5 the inferred temperature ranges between ∼7.5 kK and ∼11 kK. During the flare peak time, the LOS velocity shows both upflows and downflows around the flare footpoints in the upper chromosphere and lower chromosphere, respectively. Moreover, the temporal analysis of the LOS magnetic field at the flare points exhibits a maximum change of ∼600 G. After the flare, the LOS magnetic field decreases to the non-flaring value, exhibiting no permanent or step-wise change. The analysis of response functions to the temperature, LOS magnetic field, and velocity shows that the Ca II lines exhibit enhanced sensitivity to the deeper layers (i.e., log τ500 ∼ −3) of the flaring atmosphere, whereas for the non-flaring atmosphere they are mainly sensitive around log τ500 ∼ −4. We suggest that a fraction of the apparent increase in the LOS magnetic field at the flare footpoints may be due to the increase in the sensitivity of the Ca II 8542 Å line in the deeper layers, where the field strength is relatively strong. The rest may be due to magnetic field reconfiguration during the flare. In the photosphere, we do not notice significant changes in the physical parameters during the flare or non-flare times. Our observations illustrate that even a less intense C-class flare can heat the deeper layers of the solar chromosphere, mainly at the flare footpoints, without affecting the photosphere.
Dynamical evidence for a morphology-dependent relation between the stellar and halo masses of galaxies
Authors: Posti L. , Fall S. M.
Published: March 2021

We derive the stellar-to-halo mass relation (SHMR), namely f⋆ ∝ M⋆/Mh versus M⋆ and Mh, for early-type galaxies from their near-infrared luminosities (for M⋆) and the position-velocity distributions of their globular cluster systems (for Mh). Our individual estimates of Mh are based on fitting a flexible dynamical model with a distribution function expressed in terms of action-angle variables and imposing a prior on Mh from the correlation between halo concentration and mass in the standard Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. We find that the SHMR for early-type galaxies declines with mass beyond a peak at M⋆ ∼ 5 × 1010 M⊙ and Mh ∼ 1 × 1012 M⊙ (near the mass of the Milky Way). This result is consistent with the standard SHMR derived by abundance matching for the general population of galaxies, and also with previous, less robust derivations of the SHMR for early-type galaxies. However, it contrasts sharply with the monotonically rising SHMR for late-type galaxies derived from extended HI rotation curves and the same ΛCDM prior on Mh that we adopt for early-type galaxies. We show that the SHMR for massive galaxies varies more or less continuously with disc fraction and Hubble type between these rising and falling branches. We also show that the different SHMRs for late-type and early-type galaxies are consistent with the similar scaling relations between their stellar velocities and masses (the Tully–Fisher and the Faber–Jackson relations). As we demonstrate explicitly, differences in the relations between the stellar and halo virial velocities account for the similarity of the scaling relations. We argue that all these empirical findings are natural consequences of a picture in which galactic discs are built mainly by relatively smooth and gradual inflow, regulated by feedback from young stars, while galactic spheroids are built by a combination of merging, black-hole fuelling, and feedback from active galactic nuclei.
Study on the damage analysis of 110kV cable structure
Authors: He Zhitao , He Wen , He Haohui , Hong Junxuan
Published: March 2021

The market application value of power cables has gradually emerged with the development of various industries. Cable laying is a basic project in the construction of power grid and a key part of power engineering construction, and a key content of power engineering construction, which is related to the safe and reliable operation of the entire power grid. With the laying process of power cable, the metal sheath is subjected to structural damage such as extrusion deformation. This paper takes a 110kV cable line as an example, The case of cable damage was introduced in detail, and targeted measures were proposed based on the defects caused by the damage. At the same time, the structural analysis of the cable damage is carried out, and the structural analysis and simulation are performed, and the partial discharge test is performed on the damaged portion of the insulation to obtain the stress received when the cable is recessed, and the partial discharge signal detected by the damage of the insulating shielding layer is collected. Provide reference for staff related to power cables.
Battery Energy Storage System Integration and Monitoring Method Based on 5G and Cloud Technology
Authors: Li Xiangjun , Dong Lizhi , Xu Shaohua
Published: March 2021

The large-scale battery energy storage scatted accessing to distribution power grid is difficult to manage, which is difficult to make full use of its fast response ability in peak shaving and frequency modulation. With the rapid development of 5G and cloud technology, it is possible to realize interconnection of distributed battery energy storage system (BESS), cloud integration of energy storage system (ESS) and data edge computing. In this paper, a BESS integration and monitoring method based on 5G and cloud technology is proposed, containing the system overall architecture, 5G key technology points, system margin calculation. Therefore, rapid, accurate and flexible control of BESS can be realized, which make more use of BESS in peak shaving and shifting, new energy consumption, electric power bidding platform and other fields.
The reliability acceleration test method of special vehicle transfer box
Authors: Liu Rui , Liu Wanying , Zhao Yihui
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces the principle of the simulation load acceleration test system, the principle of accelerating test, and discusses the technology and method of the reliability acceleration test of the box.The accelerated test results show that the simulation load acceleration test can meet the reliability test of the unit, which can shorten the development cycle and have important production practical value for research and new product development.
Intraoperatives Floppy Iris Syndrom (IFIS) bei Tamsulosineinnahme
Authors: Bigdon Eileen , Casagrande Maria , Spitzer Martin Stephan , Hassenstein Andrea
Published: March 2021

Hintergrund Tamsulosin ist eines der am häufigsten verschriebenen alpha-1A-Antagonisten zur Behandlung des benignen Prostatasyndrom (BPS). Bei einer Kataraktoperation entwickeln diese Patienten häufig ein intraoperatives floppy Iris Syndrom (IFIS). Dabei kommt es zu einer zunehmenden Miosis und einer undulierenden Iris, welches das Komplikationsrisiko deutlich erhöht und bleibende Schäden verursachen kann.

Ziel der Arbeit Ziel ist es Bewusstsein für die Folgen einer Tamsulosineinnahme bei Kataraktoperationen zu schaffen.

Material und Methoden Wir führten eine Review der veröffentlichten Publikationen über die Assoziation von IFIS bei Kataraktoperation mit Alpharezeptorblockern durch.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion Tamsulosin hat ein bis zu 80 %-iges Risiko für Komplikationen, wohingegen Doxazosin und Alfuzosin lediglich eine Komplikationswahrscheinlichkeit von 15–20 % haben. Tamsulosin stellt somit einen erheblichen Risikofaktor für permanente Folgeschäden nach Kataraktoperation dar. Auch nach Absetzen von Tamsulosin wurden noch nach bis zu 3 Jahren IFIS beobachtet, ein pausieren vor Katarakoperation wird dennoch empfohlen. Ein Alternativpräparat sollte somit bei Patienten, die noch keine Kataraktoperation erhalten haben, bevorzugt werden. Sind die Patienten bereits kataraktoperiert, kann Tamsulosin ohne Bedenken gegeben werden.
Assoziation von Strukturvariablen mit der Versorgungsqualität der Krankenhäuser in Deutschland
Authors: Vorbeck Lisa , Naumoska Dijana , Geraedts Max
Published: March 2021

Hintergrund Die deutsche Krankenhauslandschaft befindet sich finanzierungsbedingt in einem unkoordinierten Strukturwandel. Gleichzeitig wird versucht, mithilfe von qualitätsorientierten Steuerungsmaßnahmen die Behandlungsqualität sicherzustellen und zu verbessern. Unklar ist, ob insgesamt die richtigen Strukturen erhalten bleiben, also diejenigen, die bislang Garant positiver Ergebnisse sind.

Ziel Untersuchung der Assoziation verschiedener Strukturmerkmale von Krankenhäusern mit der Versorgungsqualität.

Methode In einer Sekundärdatenanalyse wurde auf Basis von Krankenhaus-Qualitätsberichten die Assoziation zwischen der Versorgungsqualität und den Strukturmerkmalen Krankenhausgröße, Art der Trägerschaft, Region, Lehrstatus und Case-Mix-Index (CMI) verglichen. Dazu wurden anhand ausgewählter Qualitätsindikatoren der externen Qualitätssicherung (eQS) für jedes Krankenhaus Qualitätsindices berechnet und zunächst univariat mittels Mann-Whitney-U-Test bzw. Kruskal-Wallis-Test sowie anschließend mittels multipler linearer Regressionsanalyse die Assoziationen unter Berücksichtigung der Interaktionseffekte der unabhängigen Variablen untersucht.

Ergebnisse Bei ca. 90% der geprüften Indices lagen signifikante Assoziationen zwischen den Strukturmerkmalen und der Versorgungsqualität vor. Positive Assoziationen mit der Versorgungsqualität lagen bei den Strukturmerkmalen Krankenhausgröße von weniger als 100 Betten, private Trägerschaft, kein Lehrkrankenhaus und geringer CMI vor. Negative Tendenzen lagen v. a. bei den Strukturvariablen Krankenhausgröße von mehr als 500 Betten, öffentliche Trägerschaft, Lehrkrankenhaus und bei höherem CMI vor.

Schlussfolgerung Den Ergebnissen dieser Studie zufolge scheinen kleine Krankenhäuser die beste Versorgungsqualität zu erbringen. Dieses kontraintuitive Ergebnis deutet darauf hin, dass die bei der Indexberechnung einbezogenen Qualitätsindikatoren der eQS eventuell unzureichend risikoadjustiert bzw. wissenschaftlich evaluiert sind, sodass von deren Verwendung als Instrumente zur Qualitätssteuerung abzuraten ist.
Rowell-Syndrom bei subakut-kutanem Lupus erythematodes
Authors: Nonhoff J. , Ottmann K. , Tronnier M.
Published: March 2021

Wir berichten über einen 77-jährigen Patienten mit akut aufgetretenen, kokardenartig anmutenden Hautveränderungen bei vorbekanntem subakut-kutanem Lupus erythematodes.

Aufgrund der Befundkonstellation mit fein-gesprenkelten antinukleären Antikörpern, Antikörpern gegen Ro/SSA und La/SSB und einem positiven Rheumafaktor wurde in Zusammenschau mit der Histologie die Diagnose eines Rowell-Syndroms gestellt. Das Rowell-Syndrom beschreibt das Auftreten Erythema-exsudativum-multiforme-artiger Hautveränderungen bei Patienten mit vorbekanntem Lupus erythematodes.

Die diagnostischen Herausforderungen bei der Diagnosestellung des Rowell-Syndroms in Abgrenzung zur Koinzidenz von Lupus erythematodes mit einem Erythema exsudativum multiforme werden anhand einer weiteren Fallbeschreibung einer 44-jährigen Patientin mit vorbekanntem subakut-kutanem Lupus erythematodes veranschaulicht.
Uterine Massage to Reduce Blood Loss Before Delivery of the Placenta in Caesarean Section: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Shitong , Fu Xianhu
Published: March 2021

Background/Objective To estimate the effectiveness of uterine massage UM in reducing blood loss before delivery of placenta in CS.

Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 1393 women who delivered with CS. Patients who underwent UM (671women) were compared with those who underwent controlled cord traction (722 women). According to risk assessment of PPH, 2 groups were both divided to low risk group and high risk group. Outcomes included blood loss amount within 2 h after delivery, incidence of PPH and intractable PPH.

Results Blood loss amount within 2 h was lower in UM group than CCT group(516.6±196.5 ml compared with 674.1±272.2 ml, P<0.01). The incidence of PPH and intractable PPH didn’t differ significantly between the 2 groups (6.7% compared with 9.1%, P=0.09 and 3.9% compared with 5.3%, P=0.22,respectively).In high risk group, the amount of blood loss within 2 h and the incidence of PPH were both lower in UM group (n=382) than CCT group (n=407) (576.8±228.1 ml compared with 854.9±346.1 ml, P<0.01 and 7.1% compared with 11.3%,P=0.04 ,respectively). The incidence of intractable PPH didn’t differ significantly between the 2 groups (4.7% compared with 6.9%,P=0.19). In low risk group, the 3 outcomes didn’t differ significantly between the 2 groups(n=289 vs. 315) (428.5±172.6 ml compared with 447.9±180.5 ml; 6.2% compared with 6.3%; 2.8% compared with 3.2%; P=0.56, 0.95 and 0.77,respectively).

Conclusion In high risk patients of PPH, UM before delivery of placenta contributed to reduce blood loss in CS.
Aortic Delamination—A Possible Precursor of Impending Catastrophe
Authors: Saeyeldin Ayman , Zafar Mohammad A. , Baldassarre Lauren A. , Mojibian Hamid , Ziganshin Bulat A. , Mukherjee Sandip K. , Elefteriades John A.
Published: March 2021

Aortic diameter is a powerful predictor of adverse aortic events, such as aortic rupture or dissection, forming the basis of prophylactic surgical repair criteria. Limited evidence is available regarding the association of aortic wall thickness (AWT) with these adverse aortic events. We present the case and surgical video of a 73-year-old man with chest pain and an increased AWT, who underwent ascending aortic repair and deep hemiarch placement under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Surgical pathology demonstrated evidence of aortic delamination and medial separation, indicative of an impending dissection. The patient recovered uneventfully, and his chest pain ultimately resolved after open repair. In this patient, increased AWT was felt to be the precursor to a potential aortic catastrophe.
Keine Zeit für Kompromisse
Authors: Herrschelmann Anna
Published: March 2021

Noch tobt der lange winterliche Pandemiesturm und ein Abflauen scheint nicht in Sicht. Doch jede verabreichte Impfdosis trägt dazu bei, dass auch diese Krise überwunden werden wird. Mit dieser Gewissheit widmen wir uns in dieser Ausgabe der Klinik Einkauf dem Thema Nachhaltigkeit. Spätestens seit dem kürzlich erklärten Wiederbeitritt der USA zum Pariser Klimaabkommen, steht die schleichende Klimakrise wieder auf der globalen Agenda. Die EU hat mit dem Klimaschutzgesetz im Dezember 2020 bereits eine rechtsverbindliche Vorgabe zur Reduzierung von Emissionen erlassen. Obwohl pandemiebedingt im Moment noch andere Fragen im Vordergrund stehen, werden durch das Gesetz auch die Akteure im Gesundheitswesen in die Pflicht genommen. Vor dem Hintergrund ihres hohen Energieverbrauchs, stehen Krankenhäuser besonders im Fokus.
Assessing Prescriber Behavior with a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Prevent Drug-Induced Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Trinkley Katy E. , Pell Jonathan M. , Martinez Dario D. , Maude Nicola R. , Hale Gary , Rosenberg Michael A.
Published: March 2021

Objective Clinical decision support (CDS) alerts built into the electronic health record (EHR) have the potential to reduce the risk of drug-induced long QT syndrome (diLQTS) in susceptible patients. However, the degree to which providers incorporate this information into prescription behavior and the impact on patient outcomes is often unknown.

Methods We examined provider response data over a period from October 8, 2016 until November 8, 2018 for a CDS alert deployed within the EHR from a 13-hospital integrated health care system that fires when a patient with a QTc ≥ 500 ms within the past 14 days is prescribed a known QT-prolonging medication. We used multivariate generalized estimating equations to analyze the impact of therapeutic alternatives, relative risk of diLQTS for specific medications, and patient characteristics on provider response to the CDS and overall patient mortality.

Results The CDS alert fired 15,002 times for 7,510 patients for which the most common response (51.0%) was to override the alert and order the culprit medication. In multivariate models, we found that patient age, relative risk of diLQTS, and presence of alternative agents were significant predictors of adherence to the CDS alerts and that nonadherence itself was a predictor of mortality. Risk of diLQTS and presence of an alternative agent are major factors in provider adherence to a CDS to prevent diLQTS; however, provider nonadherence was associated with a decreased risk of mortality.

Conclusion Surrogate endpoints, such as provider adherence, can be useful measures of CDS value but attention to hard outcomes, such as mortality, is likely needed.
Activin A and Acvr2b mRNA from Umbilical Cord Blood Are Not Reliable Markers of Mild or Moderate Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: O'Sullivan Marc Paul , Denihan Niamh , Sikora Klaudia , Finder Mikael , Ahearne Caroline , Clarke Gerard , Hallberg Boubou , Boylan Geraldine B. , Murray Deirdre M.
Published: March 2021

Background Activin A protein and its receptor ACVR2B have been considered viable biomarkers for the diagnosis of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This study aimed to assess umbilical cord blood (UCB) levels of Activin A and Acvr2b messenger RNA (mRNA) as early biomarkers of mild and moderate HIE and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome.

Methods One-hundred and twenty-six infants were included in the analyses from the BiHiVE2 cohort, a multi-center study, recruited in Ireland and Sweden (2013 to 2015). UCB serum Activin A and whole blood Acvr2b mRNA were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively.

Results Activin A analysis included 101 infants (controls, n = 50, perinatal asphyxia, n = 28, HIE, n = 23). No differences were detected across groups (p = 0.69). No differences were detected across HIE grades (p = 0.12). Acvr2b mRNA analysis included 67 infants (controls, n = 22, perinatal asphyxia, n = 23, and HIE, n = 22), and no differences were observed across groups (p = 0.75). No differences were detected across HIE grades (p = 0.58). No differences were detected in neurodevelopmental outcome in infants followed up to 18 to 36 months in serum Activin A or in whole blood Acvr2b mRNA (p = 0.55 and p = 0.90, respectively).

Conclusion UCB Activin A and Acvr2b mRNA are not valid biomarkers of infants with mild or moderate HIE; they are unable to distinguish infants with HIE or infants with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Genetic Impact on Bone Modulation—A Review Bridging Bioscience to Genetic Engineering
Authors: CK Anulekha Avinash , Tholupunuri Harshini , Reddy M. Ramu , Muralidhar Mamatha , Jayyarapu Dilip , Nair Sangeeta
Published: March 2021

Genes control approximately 60% to 75% of the variance of peak bone mass/density and a much smaller amount of variance in rate of loss.

Bone mass increases during growth to a peak value and soon after begins to decline. Most of the genetic effect is exerted during growth and so influences peak bone mass; whether there is an additional genetic effect on the rate of bone loss is less clear. So, this article aims to place emphasis on various oral and systemic conditions that are manifested due to altered gene function. Genetic polymorphisms and mutations are simple, although the consequences of the mechanism are complex. The syndromic manifestation due to changes at genetic level will greatly affect the bone quality, which will ultimately affect any treatment prognosis. Hence, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of bone remodeling helps to identify pathogenic causes of bone, skeletal diseases, and leads to the development of targeted therapies for these diseases. This review highlights notions on the connecting link between science and genetics as well as various oral scenarios where gene could bring about changes, resulting in deformities. There is an intense research awaited in the future which could intervene with the causes that bring about genetic modulations, so as to decrease the mortality rate of humans.
Evaluation of Role of Arterialization of Venous Flaps in Abdomen in Rats
Authors: Aggarwal Krittika , Singh Arun K. , Halageri Sameer M. , Kumar Vijay , Mishra Brijesh , Upadhyay D. N.
Published: March 2021

Introduction Reconstruction forms the primary tenet in plastic surgery. Venous flaps are a known option but the survival is limited. Arterialization of venous flap can enhance its survival. While various techniques of arterialization of venous flaps are described, there are very few studies comparing them.

Material and methods The current study was conducted among 34 rats weighing 160 to 200 grams. The rats were divided into four groups. Group I—islanded epigastric flap was raised with superficial caudal epigastric vessels as pedicle. Group II—arterialized flow through venous flap was raised with superficial caudal epigastric vein (SCEV) as afferent and lateral thoracic vein as drainage vein. Side-to-side anastomosis was done between femoral artery and vein, lateral to the origin of superficial caudal epigastric artery. Group III—after raising the flap, as in group II, femoral vein was ligated proximal to superficial caudal epigastric vessels. Group IV—an arterialized flow through venous flap was raised with superficial caudal epigastric vein as afferent and lateral thoracic vein as drainage vein. End-to-side anastomosis was done between femoral artery and superficial caudal epigastric vein. Animals that died before completion of the study were excluded. The color changes of flaps were noted. Flap survival was expressed as a percentage of the total flap surface area. The patency of anastomosis was seen on postoperative day 5.

Results There was no total flap failure. On statical analysis, the flap survival area on day 5 between Group I and Group IV was not significant (p value 0.431). The survival area in Group I (78.85 ± 10.54%) was comparable to Group IV (65.71 ± 20.70%). Group II and III had poor results as compared with Group I. In four rats, thrombosis of arteriovenous anastomosis was noted with flap survival area of 30 to 33%.

Conclusion It was noted that epigastric venous flaps with end-to-side anastomosis between femoral artery and superficial caudal epigastric vein (group IV) have survival area comparable to islanded flaps.
The Benefits of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Svierkovski Loyane de Fátima , Stein Angelica Miki , Cavazzotto Timothy , Paludo Ana Carolina
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to review the literature about the effect of physical activity intervention in children and adolescents with epilepsy. Articles were searched in the central electronic databases of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycAriticles, and CINAHL for the following keywords: “epilepsy,” “seizure,” “physical activity,” “physical exercise,” “exercise therapy,” “sport,” using the Boolean operator “AND” and “OR.” The quality of the selected articles was evaluated by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Out of the 22 articles selected, 18 did not involve intervention or did not have pre- and postresults and therefore were excluded from the study. The remaining four were studies from Canada and Korea which comprised two long-period interventions and were included in the analysis. Both programs demonstrated a positive effect of physical activity on variables related to psychological well-being and cognitive function. All the four articles demonstrated a lower score of quality. In conclusion, reviewed studies suggest that physical exercise program induces some benefits in children and adolescents with epilepsy. However, the noncontrolled trials and the varied analyses (quantitative vs. qualitative) make it difficult to establish a consensus about benefits of physical activity in epilepsy.
Bilateral Motor Responses to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Preterm Children at 9 Years of Age
Authors: Valkama A. Marita , Rytky Seppo O. , Olsén Päivi M.
Published: March 2021

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate motor tracts integrity in nondisabled preterm-born (PT) children at 9 years of age.

Methods Overall, 18 PT and 13 term-born (T) children without motor disability were assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured bilaterally from the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Muscle responses could be stimulated from all patients.

Results Overall, 83.3 and 23.1% of PT and T children, respectively, had mild clumsiness (p = 0.001). One PT and three T children had immediate bilateral responses in the upper extremities. Seven PT children had delayed ipsilateral APB responses after left and ten after right TMS. Three controls had delayed ipsilateral responses. Ipsilateral lower extremity responses were seen in one PT after right and two PT children and one T child after left TMS. The results did not correlate to groups, genders, clumsiness, or handedness.

Conclusion Children of PT and T may have bilateral motor responses after TMS at 9 years of age. Ipsilateral conduction emerges immediately or more often slightly delayed and more frequently in upper than in lower extremities.

Significance Bilateral motor conduction reflects developmental and neurophysiological variability in children at 9 years of age. MEPs can be used as a measure of corticospinal tract integrity in PT children.
Global aspects of doubled geometry and pre-rackoid
Authors: Ikeda Noriaki , Sasaki Shin
Published: March 2021

The integration problem of a C-bracket and a Vaisman (metric, pre-DFT) algebroid that are geometric structures of double field theory (DFT) is analyzed. We introduce a notion of a pre-rackoid as a global group-like object for an infinitesimal algebroid structure. We propose several realizations of pre-rackoid structures: One realization is that elements of a pre-rackoid are defined by cotangent paths along doubled foliations in a para-Hermitian manifold. Another realization is proposed as a formal exponential map of the algebroid of DFT. We show that the pre-rackoid reduces to a rackoid that is the integration of the Courant algebroid when the strong constraint of DFT is imposed. Finally, for a physical application, we show an implementation of the (pre-)rackoid in a three-dimensional topological sigma model.
Feedback-controlled microbubble generator producing one million monodisperse bubbles per second
Authors: van Elburg Benjamin , Collado-Lara Gonzalo , Bruggert Gert-Wim , Segers Tim , Versluis Michel , Lajoinie Guillaume
Published: March 2021

Monodisperse lipid-coated microbubbles are a promising route to unlock the full potential of ultrasound contrast agents for medical diagnosis and therapy. Here, we present a stand-alone lab-on-a-chip instrument that allows microbubbles to be formed with high monodispersity at high production rates. Key to maintaining a long-term stable, controlled, and safe operation of the microfluidic device with full control over the output size distribution is an optical transmission-based measurement technique that provides real-time information on the production rate and bubble size. We feed the data into a feedback loop and demonstrate that this system can control the on-chip bubble radius (2.5 μm–20 μm) and the production rate up to 106 bubbles/s. The freshly formed phospholipid-coated bubbles stabilize after their formation to a size approximately two times smaller than their initial on-chip bubble size without loss of monodispersity. The feedback control technique allows for full control over the size distribution of the agent and can aid the development of microfluidic platforms operated by non-specialist end users.
Electron mobility in monolayer WS2 encapsulated in hexagonal boron-nitride
Authors: Wang Y. , Sohier T. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Verstraete M. J. , Tutuc E.
Published: March 2021

We report electron transport measurements in dual-gated monolayer WS2 encapsulated in hexagonal boron-nitride. Using gated Ohmic contacts that operate from room temperature down to 1.5 K, we measure the intrinsic conductivity and carrier density as a function of temperature and gate bias. Intrinsic electron mobilities of 100 cm2/(V s) at room temperature and 2000 cm2/(V s) at 1.5 K are achieved. The mobility shows a strong temperature dependence at high temperatures, consistent with phonon scattering dominated carrier transport. At low temperature, the mobility saturates due to impurity and long-range Coulomb scattering. First-principles calculations of phonon scattering in monolayer WS2 are in good agreement with the experimental results, showing we approach the intrinsic limit of transport in these two-dimensional layers.
Pore-scale study of miscible density-driven mixing flow in porous media
Authors: Ju Long , Shan Baochao , Liu Peiyao , Guo Zhaoli
Published: March 2021

Two-dimensional density-driven convective mixing processes in synthetic porous media are simulated at pore-scale using lattice Boltzmann method with a rescaled version of the nonequilibrium extrapolation method in the present work. Numerical results demonstrate that the density-driven convective mixing process varies with the Rayleigh number (Ra). For low values of Ra, the numerical results at pore-scale are consistent with those at representative elementary volume (REV) scale. With the increase in Ra, the convective mixing process becomes different, which can be reflected by the time evolution of the dissolution flux and onset time of convection at different Rayleigh numbers. On the one hand, the flux growth regime in the time evolution of the dissolution flux can be divided into two sub-regimes, which are named early and late flux growth regimes in this study. In addition, for the shutdown regime, the dissolution flux can be scaled as J∼t−1 rather than t−2 for high Ra cases, which is consistent with our theoretical analysis. On the other hand, the existence of the early flux growth regime consumes the mass at the top diffusive layer, leading to a delay of convective onset time. Therefore, the onset time of the convection calculated at pore-scale is much higher than that predicted by the existing theory and REV scale studies. The present study shows practical implications for CO2 capture and storage.
Simulation of the effect of vibrational pre-excitation on the dynamics of pyrrole photo-dissociation
Authors: Makhov Dmitry V. , Shalashilin Dmitrii V.
Published: March 2021

Photo-dissociation dynamics is simulated for vibrationally pre-excited pyrrole molecules using an ab initio multiple cloning approach. Total kinetic energy release (TKER) spectra and dissociation times are calculated. It is found that pre-excitation of N–H bond vibrations facilitates fast direct dissociation, which results in a significant increase in the high-energy wing of TKER spectra. The results are in very good agreement with the recent vibrationally mediated photo-dissociation experiment, where the TKER spectrum was measured for pyrrole molecules excited by a combination of IR and UV laser pulses. Calculations for other vibrational modes show that this effect is specific for N–H bond vibrations: Pre-excitation of other modes does not result in any significant changes in TKER spectra.