bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fast incremental map segmentation algorithm based on spectral clustering and quadtree
Authors: Tian Yafu , Wang Ke , Li Ruifeng , Zhao Lijun
Published: February 2018

Currently, state-of-the-art simultaneous localization and mapping methods are capable of generating large-scale and dense environmental maps. One primary reason may be the applications of map partitioning strategies. An efficient map partitioning method will decrease the time complexity of simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm and, more importantly, will make robots understand a place anthropomorphically. In this article, we propose a novel map segmentation algorithm based on quadtree and spectral clustering. The map is first organized hierarchically using quadtree, and then a user-friendly criterion is utilized to construct the corresponding Laplacian matrix for quadtree so that spectral clustering can be solved efficiently based on the sparse property of the matrix. In this article, we go further to provide a real-time, incremental, parallel algorithm that can be implemented on multi-core CPU/GPU to enhance the performance of the proposed basic algorithm. Our algorithms are verified under multiple environments including both simulation and real-world data, and the results reveal that the algorithm can provide a correct and user-friendly segmentation result in a short runtime.
Three-year follow-up and quality of life of endovenous radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein with the ClosureFast™ procedure: Influence of BMI and CEAP class
Authors: Casana Renato , Tolva Valerio Stefano , Odero Andrea , Malloggi Chiara , Parati Gianfranco
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Endovascular ablation of the great saphenous vein has been proposed as a less invasive alternative to conventional ligation and stripping of varicose veins. Outcomes of patients treated with the radiofrequency ablation ClosureFast™ system over an eight-year period from a single-center were evaluated.

Methods

Three-year follow-up data included duplex ultrasound scan, complication rate, and questionnaires to assess patients’ QOL, level of pain, and days off work.

Results

A total of 1080 consecutive patients (49.5 ± 18.6 years, 72% female, mean body mass index: 25.44 ± 4.1 kg m−2) underwent radiofrequency ablation for incompetent saphenous veins in a single institution. Occlusion of the great saphenous vein was obtained in 98.6% and 93.8% cases at the end of the procedures and within 36 months, respectively. Only three deep venous thromboses and minor complications occurred in this series throughout the first week from the procedure. A decrease of the external vein diameter, equal to 72.7% and 31.1% of the pretreatment diameter, was observed at 1 week and 36 months, respectively. The average Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire score improved from 18.06 ± 9.47 before treatment to 11.56 ± 10.23 at 12 months, with no significant differences in the subsequent follow-up. SF-36 QOL scores significantly improved after the procedure in all domains, while there were no changes over time. Patients reported a prompt return to normal daily activities (1.5 ± 0.7 days) and work (3.1 ± 1.9 days). Body mass index influenced QOL scores, while it did not affect great saphenous vein diameter reduction during the follow-up. On the contrary, Clinical Etiologic Anatomic Pathophysiologic class significantly influenced both great saphenous vein diameter reduction after the treatment and QOL scores within 36 months.

Conclusion

Results of this retrospective monocentric, large patients study suggest that radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein may be a safe and efficient alternative to conventional surgery.
Decision-making of investment in navigation safety improving schemes with application of cumulative prospect theory
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Qing , Yin Tongle
Published: February 2018

Navigation safety improving investment aims at mitigating risk and improving safety of shipping system, while decision-makers’ attitudes toward the uncertainty of shipping safety possess a characteristic of “bounded rationality.” To study the tendency of shipping safety investment decision-making with different risk perception and appetite, a decision-making method based on cumulative prospect theory is proposed in this article. First, we extract the decision attributes through analyzing the factors affecting shipping safety investment. Then, according to cumulative prospect theory, the value function and the probability weighting function for calculating cumulative prospect values of shipping investment attributes are given. Under the risk-based multi-attribute group decision-making framework, linear programming model and projection method are introduced to aggregate the weights of attributes and decision-makers, respectively. Furthermore, through a case study, the proposed methodology is utilized in Three Gorges Dam area, and the desirable safety investment scheme is determined from a set of candidate alternatives. The case study shows not only validity and feasibility of the decision-making approach but also the mechanism of shipping safety investment decision-making with consideration of the behavior characteristics of decision-makers such as reference dependence, risk appetite distortion, and loss aversion.
Low dosage nano-silica modification on lightweight aggregate concrete
Authors: Zhang Pengyu , Xie Ning , Cheng Xin , Feng Lichao , Hou Pengkun , Wu Yunpeng
Published: February 2018

Although the nano modification has been considered as a promising approach to enhance the mechanical properties of cement-based concrete, the investigation of low dosage nano modification on lightweight cement-based concrete is still very limited. In this study, the lightweight concrete, which was modified with low dosage nano-silica particles, were investigated. Non-prewetting and prewetting methods were used to prepare the lightweight concrete samples. The compressive and flexural strengths were tested to evaluate the modification effects of low dosage nano-silica on lightweight concrete. The microstructure analyses demonstrate that the hydration process of the cement paste can be changed with addition of nano-silica, and new types of hydration products have been observed in nano modified cementitious matrix. The interface between the lightweight aggregates and the cement paste can be reinforced by low dosage of nano-silica due to the new types of hydration products. However, relatively high dosage of nano-silica will reduce the modification effect because of the internal stress, which is resulted from the volume expansion of the new types of hydration product, at the interface of the lightweight aggregates and the cement paste. This study not only shows the possibility of low dosage nano modification on the mechanical properties enhancement of lightweight concrete but also provides potential modification mechanisms, which help to design and fabricate high-performance lightweight concrete materials.
Perceived Importance of Wellness Features at a Cancer Center: Patient and Staff Perspectives
Authors: Tinner Michelle , Crovella Paul , Rosenbaum Paula F.
Published: February 2018

Objectives:

Determine the relative impact of 11 building wellness features on preference and on the ability to deliver/receive quality care for two groups: patients and caregivers.

Background:

The impact of building features that promote wellness is of increasing interest to the building owners, designers, and occupants.

Methods:

This study performed a postoccupancy evaluation of two user groups at a healthcare facility with specific wellness features. Seventy-six staff and 62 patients of a cancer center were polled separately to determine their preferences in 11 categories.

Results:

Results showed that all wellness features were viewed favorably by the two groups, with natural lighting, views of nature, and thermal comfort as top categories for both. The t-test comparisons were performed, and significant differences ( p < .05) between the two groups were found for three of the features (views of nature, art and murals, and indoor plants). Discussion of these differences and the interaction of competing design goals (thermal comfort, views of nature, natural light, and desire for privacy) are included.

Conclusions:

Designers and owners will want to consider the preferred use of roof gardens, art and murals, and indoor plants for patient spaces, where their relative value is greater. Access to private and quiet spaces is the top need for caregivers. Ease of movement, thermal comfort, and natural light were top needs for patients.
9- and 13-HODE regulate fatty acid binding protein-4 in human macrophages, but does not involve HODE/GPR132 axis in PPAR-γ regulation of FABP4
Authors: Vangaveti Venkat , Shashidhar Venkatesh , Collier Fiona , Hodge Jason , Rush Catherine , Malabu Usman , Baune Bernhard , Kennedy Richard Lee
Published: February 2018

Background:

Both activation of monocytes and increased serum fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) occur in diabetes and are associated with increased atherosclerosis. The oxidized lipid, 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) increases FABP4 in macrophages, and is a ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 132 (GPR132). We investigated the involvement of GPR132 in mediating the 9-, 13-HODE stimulation of FABP4 secretion, and whether GPR132 expression is increased in monocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

The effects of siRNA silencing of GPR132 gene and of the PPAR-γ antagonist T0070907 were studied in THP-1 cells. Serum levels of FABP4 and other adipokines were measured in patients with diabetes, and monocyte subpopulations were analyzed using flow cytometry. GPR132 mRNA was quantified in isolated CD14+ cells.

Results:

9-HODE and 13-HODE increased FABP4 expression in THP-1 monocytes and macrophages, and also increased GPR132 expression. Silencing of GPR132 did not influence the increase in FABP4 with 9-HODE, 13-HODE, or rosiglitazone (ROSI). By contrast, T0070907 inhibited the effect of all three ligands on FABP4 expression. Diabetic subjects had increased serum FABP4, and activated monocytes. They also expressed higher levels of GPR132 mRNA in CD14+ cells.

Conclusions:

We conclude that GPR132 is an independent monocyte activation marker in diabetes, but does not contribute to PPAR-γ-mediated induction of FABP4 by HODEs.
Depression
Authors: Gruberg Kermit H.
Published: February 2018

Depression is common in the middle-aged. The industrial nurse must be aware of tell-tale signs of depression and she must be alert to the seriousness of depression in this age group.
A Review of Research on Sexual Education for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Schwartz Rachel J. , Robertson Rachel E.
Published: February 2018

Adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) struggle to gain access to sexual knowledge and experiences. Sexual knowledge increases opportunities for intimacy and positive sexual identities as well as decreases the risk of victimization. This review evaluated the extant literature on sexual education programs for adults with ID. Six studies met inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that sexual education programs can be effective in increasing sexual knowledge, decision-making capabilities, and interpersonal skills for adults with ID. Despite positive results, this synthesis revealed the need for further methodological rigor in this area to identify and/or develop specific instructional curriculum to meet the diverse needs and preferences of adults with ID. Researchers discuss findings and implications for practice at the secondary and postsecondary levels.
Endovascular treatment for pelvic congestion syndrome associated with inferior vena cava anomaly
Authors: Comai Alessio , Dellis Charalampos , Rielli Emanuela , Bonatti Giampietro
Published: February 2018

Introduction:

Pelvic congestion syndrome is described as chronic pelvic pain arising from dilated and refluxing pelvic veins, although the causal relationship between pelvic vein incompetence and pelvic pain is not established. Embolization appears to provide symptomatic relief in the majority of women and is safe.

Case report:

We report the case of a young woman affected by pelvic congestion syndrome associated with a rare venous anomaly, duplicity of inferior vena cava with azygos vein continuation. Endovascular treatment consisted of detachable coil embolization of the right ovarian vein, as pelvic pain was prevalently on this side. Technical and clinical outcome were positive with a significant improvement of quality of life.

Conclusion:

This is the first reported case of a pelvic congestion syndrome associated with inferior vena cava anomaly and effectively treated with ovarian vein embolization.
Partially threaded headless screw may benefit adequate interfragmentary compression and reduced driving torque for small bone fixation
Authors: Lin Chen-Chiang , Lin Kang-Ping , Huang Chuan-Ching , Chen Wen-Chuan , Wei Hung-Wen , Tsai Cheng-Lun , Lin Kun-Jhih
Published: February 2018

Headless compression screws (HCSs) are commonly used to fixate small bones and articular fractures. Understanding the biomechanical efficacy of different HCS designs can help surgeons make proper interfragmentary compression when a specific implant is chosen. HCSs with three different central shaft designs (unthreaded, fully threaded, and partially threaded) were studied: the Herbert–Whipple, Mini-Acutrak 2, and headless reduction (HLR). Polyurethane foam blocks were machined with a simulated fracture gap of 0.5 mm and set onto a custom-made jig to simultaneously measure compression force and driving torque during screw insertion. The maximal achievable compression forces and driving torques recorded were 47.4 ± 0.9 N and 145.11 ± 1.65 N mm for the HLR, 50.98 ± 1.29 N and 152.62 ± 2.83 N mm for the Mini-Acutrak 2, and 19.33 ± 1.0 N and 33.4 ± 2.2 N mm for the Herbert–Whipple. Overall, the compression force of the Mini-Acutrak 2 and HLR increased with the torque. Unlike the other screws, the Herbert–Whipple’s driving torque increased while the compression force decreased after peak compression force was achieved. The partially threaded shaft design (HLR) demonstrated equivalent biomechanical advantage with the Mini-Acutrak 2 in interfragmentary compression. The HCSs with cone-shaped proximal ends (HLR and Mini-Acutrak 2) maintained their compression force during over-fastening, whereas the unthreaded central shaft of the Herbert–Whipple screw caused it to lose compression force.
Removal of Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto natural palygorskite and vermiculite
Authors: Bourliva A. , Sikalidis A. K. , Papadopoulou L. , Betsiou M. , Michailidis K. , Sikalidis C. , Filippidis A.
Published: February 2018

The efficiency of two low-cost, abundant and natural clay minerals, palygorskite and vermiculite, in terms of reducing the concentation of Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions was evaluated here. Natural clay minerals were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), BET specific surface area and pore-diameter analysis. Batch-type experiments were performed and various parameters, i.e. pH, clay amount, contact time and initial metal concentration, that affect adsorption processes were investigated. The adsorption of Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions is pH-dependent, while minor clay quantities were sufficient to achieve high removal efficiencies. Adsorption equilibrium occurred in 60 min and the adsorption kinetics were better described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Experimental results were analysed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R), Temkin and Halsey isotherm equations. The release of exchangeable cations (i.e. Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) was examined to verify an ion-exchange mechanism.
Eltrombopag for use in children with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kim Taylor Olmsted , Despotovic Jenny , Lambert Michele P.
Published: February 2018

Eltrombopag is currently the only US Food and Drug Administration–approved thrombopoietin receptor agonist for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in children. This oral, once-per-day therapy has shown favorable efficacy and adverse effect profiles in children. Two multicenter, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trials (PETIT [Efficacy and Safety Study of Eltrombopag in Pediatric Patients With Thrombocytopenia From Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)] and PETIT2 [Study of a New Medication for Childhood Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), a Blood Disorder of Low Platelet Counts That Can Lead to Bruising Easily, Bleeding Gums, and/or Bleeding Inside the Body]) demonstrated efficacy in raising platelet counts, reducing bleeding, and reducing the need for concomitant ITP therapies with relatively few adverse effects. The most commonly reported drug-related adverse effects include headache, nausea, and hepatobiliary laboratory abnormalities. Long-term safety data in children are limited, and studies in adults have not revealed a clinically significant increased incidence of thrombosis, marrow fibrosis, or cataract formation. Eltrombopag has also been approved for treating refractory severe aplastic anemia (AA) and has potential for expanded use in ITP and severe AA as well as in other conditions associated with thrombocytopenia.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and resilience among adult burn patients in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bibi Akhtar , Kalim Sundas , Khalid Muhammad Adnan
Published: February 2018

Background

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the major psychological disorders developed after burn injuries, though this subject of burn injuries and their destructive chronic psychological impact are not considered as thoughtfully in developing countries like Pakistan. Hence, the current study investigated the relationship between PTSD symptoms and resilience among burn patients in Pakistan, exploring the variance occurrence of the two variables concerning male burn patients and female burn patients.

Methods

Seventy burn patients from three burn units of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, during January 2015 to September 2015 were recruited. Patients with psychiatric disorder which would restrict the study procedures were excluded from the study. PTSD symptoms of burn patients were measured by PTSD CheckList-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and resilience was measured by Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC). Spearman’s Rank-Order correlation was used to analyze the relationship between symptoms of PTSD and resilience in burn patients, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to analyze the gender difference in symptoms of PTSD and level of resilience.

Results

Negative correlation between PTSD and resilience among burn patients was found (r = − 0.72, p < 0.001). Moreover, significant gender differences were observed on PTSD symptoms and resilience between male and female burn patients when demographic variables such as age, socioeconomic status, marital status, and educational background were controlled. Female burn patients showed more PTSD symptoms (η2 = 0.18, p < 0.001) and less resilience (η2 = 0.25, p < 0.001) when compared to male burn patients.

Conclusions

PTSD and resilience were negatively correlated in burn patients. Female burn patients have more PTSD symptoms and lower resilience compared to male burn patients.
Microseismicity-derived fracture network characterization of unconventional reservoirs by topology
Authors: Ardakani Ellie P. , Baig Adam M. , Urbancic Ted , Bosman Katie
Published: February 2018

The advent of horizontal drilling technology, combined with multistaged hydraulic fracturing to create a complex fracture network within the relatively impermeable rock mass, has made natural gas production from tight reservoirs economically feasible. Understanding of the generated fracture network properties, such as its spatial distribution, extension, connection, and ability to percolate, plays a significant role in evaluation of the stimulation efficiency, optimizing analytical frac models, and ultimately enhancing completion programs. We have developed a unique approach to understand the influence of fractures on fluid flow and production from impermeable reservoirs and evaluate completion effectiveness. We characterize the microseismicity-derived discrete fracture network in a North American shale-gas reservoir using modified scanline and topology methods. Using concepts of node and branch classification and assessing the number of connections (fracture intersections), the network connectivity is established volumetrically. The zones of permeability enhancement are then identified using the connection per branch and line ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]), tied to percolation thresholds of the fracture system. These zones consist of a primary zone with a high proportion of doubly connected fractures, a secondary zone populated with partially connected fractures, and a tertiary or unstimulated zone dominated by isolated fractures. These divisions are reflected in the deformation that is observed in the reservoir as measured through a cluster-based description of the microseismicity. The primary and secondary zones are considered spanning fracture clusters, and they take part in production, whereas the tertiary zone is recognized as nonspanning fractures, and though it may enhance the bulk permeability of the rock mass, it is unlikely to contribute to reservoir production.
Brain-disease of Traumatic Origin: Cases
Authors: Mickle Wm. Julius
Published: February 2018

Between the clinical features of the following cases are. found differences flowing from two sources—one, the situation of the more marked changes following the injury; the other, the habitudes, tendencies, spread of, and line of action pursued by the morbid intracranial process eventually existing and dependent upon the injury.
The Relation of Infections to Mental Disorders
Authors: Robertson W. Ford
Published: February 2018

Some of you may remember that, four years ago, I inflicted upon you a paper dealing with almost the same question. It was entitled “Some Examples of Neurotoxic Bacterial Action.” Since that time I have continued, in the Laboratory of the Scottish asylums, the practical study of bacterial infections on a fairly wide basis, and I believe it is now possible to define with something approaching exactness the part which such infections play in the causation of mental disorders, including insanity. It can now be shown that this part is a very much larger one than at present is generally believed. The same can, however, be said with equal truth regarding the relation of infections to common maladies.
3. Clinical Psychiatry
Authors: Cole Sydney J.
Published: February 2018

A married woman, æt. 40, began to have difficulty in doing her work, complaining of headaches, which gradually became more severe. Her memory gradually failed for both recent and remote events. After about seven years walking became difficult, and finally she was bedridden, being unable to stand. A tremor of the hands developed, and it was necessary to feed, dress, and care for her. No syphilitic evidences; Wassermann negative in blood and spinal fluid. No sclerosis of peripheral arteries. Blood-pressure 160–80. Pupils irregular, the right dilated; reaction to light slow, to accommodation nil. Tactile appreciation slightly impaired; inability to localise readily for touch or space; wincing to pin-pricks. Knee-jerks exaggerated. Right ankle clonus. No Babinski. Marked tremor of hands, tongue and lips. Speech retarded and slurring. The clinical condition much resembled general paralysis, except for its protracted course and the negative Wassermann. Diagnosis, “cerebral tumour?” Died comatose at the age of 48.
Hyperglycæmia in Mental Disorders. (Brain, vol. 42. pt. iii, October 19 1919.) Koody, F. H.
Authors: Stokes F. E.
Published: February 2018

Hyperglycæmia is found in emotional states and may lead to temporary glycosuria even in normal persons, and it may exist with normal metabolism. It may be found in mental disorders with emotionalism and the mechanism of its production is by stimulation of the suprarenal glands causing hypersecretion of adrenalin, which circulates to the liver, where more glycogen is mobilised and in consequence more glycose is found in the peripheral blood. In this research Bang's modified method was used for the examination of the blood for glycose, and examinations were made before breakfast and $f34 hr., 1$f12 hrs., and 2$f14 hrs. after this meal which consisted of 100 grms. of bread and 200 c.c. of milk. In dementia præcox and epilepsy the blood sugar was found to be subnormal before and slightly above the normal after breakfast. In dementia paralytica and non-anxious melancholia the blood sugar was slightly above the normal before and considerably above the normal after breakfast; and in anxious melancholia the highest blood sugar content was found at all times. In amentia, anxious patients showed a great increase of blood sugar after breakfast as compared with non-anxious patients, and in mania a similar increase was present in real emotional states, but was absent in hypomaniacal forms in which the patient was only optimistic and cheerful.
The Role of the Pituitary Gland in Epilepsy. (Arch. of Neur. and Psychiat., vol. 2, no. 2, August, 1919.) Tucker, B. R.
Authors: Devine H.
Published: February 2018

The writer regards all convulsions accompanied by unconsciousness as symptoms of some underlying state or disease, and he believes that epilepsy is an organic condition due to definite pathologic cerebral tissue changes. Morbid conditions of the pituitary gland are found in a number of cases causing a change in its secretion. The investigation of 200 cases of epilepsy by roentgenographic examinations revealed some evidence of pituitary disturbance in 31·5 per cent. Some of these showed evidence of syphilis or other disorders and 14 per cent. were regarded as pure pituitary cases. From his observations the writer concludes that there is a definite relation between the undersecretion of the pituitary gland and a group of convulsive attacks usually termed epilepsy; that this group is divided into a chronic hypopituitary type and a transitional hypopituitary type by both clinical and roentgenographic evidence; and that pituitary gland feeding has a markedly beneficial effect, not infrequently leading to a cure.
The State of Lunacy in 1866 (Great Britain and Ireland)
Authors: C. L. R.
Published: February 2018

The following tables are compiled from the three official lunacy reports of the kingdom, and give (Table I) the total number of lunatics and idiots in England and Wales, in Scotland, and in Ireland, on the 1st January, 1867, with their place of maintenance and (Table II) their distribution per cent. at the same date.
A Few Words in Answer to Dr. Edgar Sheppard
Authors: Williams S. W. D.
Published: February 2018

I am very loth again to take up the time of the readers of this Journal on the subject of the “treatment of a certain class of destructive patients,” but Dr. Sheppard, in the last number,* has in many places so misunderstood my meaning, and consequently so misrepresented my facts, that I cannot allow his paper to pass without endeavouring briefly to rectify some of the more glaring discrepancies.
Nervous Symptoms in Cases of Congenital Syphilis
Authors: Jackson J. Hughlings
Published: February 2018

Some years ago I published a pamphlet (reprinted, with slight alterations, from the “St. Andrew's Medical Graduates' Transactions,” vol. iv., 1868) on Nervous Affections in Inherited Syphilis. At that time I had had bat one post-mortem examination. The patient was a girl, the daughter of the patient Joseph Mx., whose case is the second of two related by me in this Journal for July, 1874. She had epileptic fits. She died of typhoid fever, and no lesion of a syphilitic nature was discovered post-mortem. Thus I learned nothing from this case. In the “Brit. Med. Journal,”* May 18, 1572, I have reported a case of hemiplegia, previously unpublished, in a woman aged 22, who was manifestly the subject of inherited syphilis. That patient was in good general health, and is, I hope, still living.
Lunacy in England. (England's Irren-Wesen.) Address at the Opening of Section VIII (Mental Diseases) of the International Medical Congress
Authors: Robertson C. Lockhart
Published: February 2018

Gentlemen,—In now opening the eighth section of this great International Medical Congress, and in offering to the alienists of Europe and America our cordial welcome to London, I must ask leave to explain to you that it is only by the accident of official position as senior physician to the Lord Chancellor, who, under the Royal prerogative and by statute, has in England the guardianship of all lunatics and persons of unsound mind, that I occupy to-day this presidential chair. But for the desire of the Executive Committee thus to recognise the paramount authority of the Lord Chancellor in our department of medicine, I cannot doubt that the place I now fill would have been allotted to our most distinguished English writer on lunacy, Dr. J. C. Bucknill, one of the vice-presidents of this Congress, whose writings and whose name are a household word in all the asylums where the English tongue is spoken. Called from my official position rather than from personal fitness to preside in this section, I may the more venture to ask at your hands a generous interpretation of my efforts, so to guide your deliberations here that they may advance the science and practice of this department of medicine in which we are all enrolled.
Practical Remarks on the Use of Electricity in Mental Disease
Authors: de Watteville A.
Published: February 2018

“Il n'y a point de parité entre la responsabilité d'un médecin et son pouvoir; l'une est grande et l'autre petit, et c'est justement à cause des limites oò ce pouvoir est resserré que, bien qu'il soit facile d' en laisser perdre une parcelle, la moindre parcelle perdue cause une poignante anxiété.”
A Case of Insanity of Adolescence
Authors: Keay John
Published: February 2018

David A., 20 years of age, was admitted into the Crichton Institution on 31st May, 1886.
Remarks upon the Influence of Intestinal Disinfection in some Forms of Acute Insanity
Authors: Macpherson John
Published: February 2018

Every asylum physician must regret the necessity that exists for the employment of narcotic hypnotics in medical practise among the insane, and there are probably few who have observed it who do not deplore the far too extensive use of sedative and depressing drugs, which is unfortunately the common custom in some asylums.
Case of Abnormal Development of the Scalp
Authors: McDowall T. W.
Published: February 2018

The accompanying illustration represents what is believed to be a hitherto undescribed abnormality of the scalp. The condition was discovered accidentally. I observed an attendant cutting a lad's hair, and remarked that he was not doing it very well, as there appeared to be numerous scissor-marks. It was explained that the marks were due to the arrangement of the hair. This led to careful examination of the whole scalp. Its condition is very well represented in the illustration. On each side there are five deep furrows, passing from behind forwards. Those nearest the middle line are straight; the others slightly curved, and they are the more curved the further they are removed from the middle line, and at the same time they diminish in length. When the hair is of ordinary length the condition of the scalp would not be suspected; it is only when the hair is very short that the furrows become evident. For the purpose of preparing the accompanying illustration the hair was cut as short as possible, but the hair growing in the furrows was necessarily left somewhat longer than elsewhere, with the result of indicating with great clearness the course and arrangement of the depressions. The furrowing of the forehead is not abnormal, but is produced by the patient whenever he is annoyed, as he was when the photograph was taken.
Matter and Force considered in relation to Mental and Cerebral Phenomena
Authors: Dickson J. Thompson
Published: February 2018

Well sang the Psalmist: “If I take the wings of the morning and dwell in the uttermost parts of the universe, God is there.” Thou too, O cultivated reader, who too probably art no Psalmist, but a Prosaist, knowing God only by tradition, knowest thou any corner of the world where at least Force is not? The drop which thou shakest from thy wet hand, rests not when it falls, but to-morrow thou findest it swept away; already on the wings of the north wind it is nearing the Tropic of Cancer. How came it to evaporate and not lie motionless? Thinkest thou there is aught motionless; without force, and utterly dead?
On Aphasia, or Loss of Speech in Cerebral Disease
Authors: Bateman Frederic
Published: February 2018

In the first two parts of this essay I entered into the subject of the bibliography of aphasia, as illustrated by the French, German, Dutch, British, and American writers; the third part contains a detailed account of the clinical history of cases that have fallen under my own immediate observation; the fourth treats of the different forms and varieties in which loss or lesion of articulate language is met with in practice; whilst in the fifth part I have considered the subject in reference to the question of Cause, Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment.
The Hereditary Nature of Crime
Authors: Thomson J. B.
Published: February 2018

On the border-land of Lunacy lie the criminal populations. It is a debateable region; and no more vexed problem comes before the Medical Psychologist than this—viz: where badness ends and madness begins in criminals. The inmates of Asylums and of Prisons are so nearly allied that “thin partitions do their bounds divide.” From large experience among criminals I have come to the conclusion, that the principal business of Prison Surgeons must always be with mental diseases; that the number of physical diseases are less than the psychical; that the diseases and causes of death among prisoners are chiefly of the nervous system; and in fine that the treatment of crime is a branch of psychology.
The Psychology of Criminals
Authors: Thomson J. Bruce
Published: February 2018

That great criminals are wholly without the moral sense, that violent and habitual criminals are, as a class, moral imbeciles—are startling propositions; but, nevertheless, they have been adopted and advocated with singular show of truth and much ability of late years. Such views are quite opposed to all the doctrines of divines, and philosophers, speculative and practical. That any man, however wicked, is utterly deprived of the moral sense, sounds very new and very strange to us. Our own consciousness tells us all, what Sir Thomas Brown has so finely told us in eloquent words—“Surely there is a piece of Divinity in us; something that was before the elements, and owes no homage unto the sun. Nature tells me I am the image of God, as well as the Scripture. He that understands not this much is yet to begin the alphabet of man.”
A Characteristic Attitude assumed by many Cases of Dementia Præcox
Authors: Steen R. H.
Published: February 2018

The accompanying photograph illustrates an attitude when sitting frequently adopted by many cases of dementia praecox. The point to which special attention is directed is the position of the arms and hands. The arms are held close to the trunk, with, as a rule, the elbow-joint in a condition of stiff extension and the hands in pronation, and resting on the lower part of the thighs, or even on the knees. When the photograph was taken there was no special posing for the purpose of this note, the subjects merely being told to sit down. In the wards I have seen these particular patients as well as others maintain this position for hours at a time. They sit, as a rule, rigidly upright, for example, in the case of the man shown, whose head is erect with the eyes staring forwards. In other cases the body and head may be bent slightly forwards. Most frequently the feet and knees are found to be close together, but, as in the case of the woman on the extreme right, the legs may be kept apart.
The effect of air resistance on the jump performance of a small parasitoid wasp,Anagyrus pseudococci (Encyrtidae)
Authors: Urca Tomer , Ribak Gal
Published: February 2018

The distance a small insect moves through air during a jump is limited by the launch velocity at take-off and by air resistance. The launch velocity is limited by the length of the jumping legs and the maximum power that the jump apparatus can provide for pushing against the ground. The effect of air resistance is determined by the insect mass-to-area ratio. Both limitations are highly dependent on the body size, making high jumps a challenge for smaller insects. We studied both effects in the tiny Encyrtid wasp Anagyrus pseudococci. Males are smaller than females (mean body length 1.2 and 1.8 mm, respectively), but both sexes take-off in a powerful jump. Using high-speed cameras, we analyzed the relationship between take-off kinematics and distance traveled through air. We show that the velocity, acceleration and mass-specific power while leaving the ground places A. pseudococci among the most prominent jumpers of the insect world. However, the absolute distance moved through air is modest compared to other jumping insects, due to air resistance acting on the small body. A biomechanical model suggests that air resistance reduces the jump distance of these insects by 49%, compared to jumping in the absence of air resistance. The effect of air resistance is more pronounced in the smaller males resulting in a segregation of the jumping performance between sexes. The limiting effect of air resistance is inversely proportional to body mass, seriously constraining jumping as a form of moving through air in these and other small insects.
Advertising and Risk Selection in Health Insurance Markets
Authors: Aizawa Naoki , Kim You Suk
Published: February 2018

This paper studies the impact of advertising as a channel for risk selection in Medicare Advantage. We provide evidence that insurer advertising is responsive to the gains from risk selection. Then we develop and estimate an equilibrium model of Medicare Advantage with advertising, allowing rich individual heterogeneity. Our estimates show that advertising is effective in attracting healthy individuals who are newly eligible for Medicare, contributing to advantageous selection into Medicare Advantage. Moreover, risk selection through advertising substantially lowers premiums by improving insurers' risk pools. The distributional implication is that unhealthy consumers may be better off through cross-subsidization from healthy individuals. (JEL D81, G22, I13, I18, M37)
Monetary Policy According to HANK
Authors: Kaplan Greg , Moll Benjamin , Violante Giovanni L.
Published: February 2018

We revisit the transmission mechanism from monetary policy to household consumption in a Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (HANK) model. The model yields empirically realistic distributions of wealth and marginal propensities to consume because of two features: uninsurable income shocks and multiple assets with different degrees of liquidity and different returns. In this environment, the indirect effects of an unexpected cut in interest rates, which operate through a general equilibrium increase in labor demand, far outweigh direct effects such as intertemporal substitution. This finding is in stark contrast to small- and medium-scale Representative Agent New Keynesian (RANK) economies, where the substitution channel drives virtually all of the transmission from interest rates to consumption. Failure of Ricardian equivalence implies that, in HANK models, the fiscal reaction to the monetary expansion is a key determinant of the overall size of the macroeconomic response. (JEL D31, E12, E21, E24, E43, E52, E62)
Case Report: III° atrioventricular block due to fulminant myocarditis managed with non-invasive transcutaneous pacing
Authors: Devkota Kiran , Wang Ya Hong , Liu Meng Yi , Li Yan , Zhang You Wei
Published: February 2018

Fulminant myocarditis is a life-threatening clinical condition. It is the inflammation of myocardium leading to acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrhythmias. Incidence of fulminant myocarditis is low and mortality is high. Most grievous complications of fulminant myocarditis is mainly cardiac arrhythmias; if there is delay on active management of the patient, it may be fatal. Here, we describe a case of III° atrioventricular block due to fulminant myocarditis that was managed with non-invasive transcutaneous cardiac pacing in the absence of ECMO. The non-invasive transcutaneous pacemaker is a safe, effective and convenient device to revert arrhythmias.
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) kinetic as a prognostic factor in metastatic prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Afriansyah Andika , Hamid Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy , Mochtar Chaidir Arif , Umbas Rainy
Published: February 2018

Aim: Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) has a poor outcome with median survival of two to five years. The use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a gold standard in management of this stage.  Aim of this study is to analyze the prognostic value of PSA kinetics of patient treated with hormonal therapy related to survival from several published studies

Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using literature searching in the electronic databases of MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were mPCa receiving ADT, a study analyzing Progression Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS), or Cancer Specific Survival (CSS) and prognostic factor of survival related to PSA kinetics (initial PSA, PSA nadir, and time to achieve nadir (TTN)). The exclusion criteria were metastatic castration resistant of prostate cancer (mCRPC) and non-metastatic disease. Generic inverse variance method was used to combine hazard ratio (HR) within the studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.2 and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: We found 873 citations throughout database searching with 17 studies were consistent with inclusion criteria. However, just 10 studies were analyzed in the quantitative analysis. Most of the studies had a good methodological quality based on Ottawa Scale. No significant association between initial PSA and PFS. In addition, there was no association between initial PSA and CSS/ OS. We found association of reduced PFS (HR 2.22; 95% CI 1.82 to 2.70) and OS/ CSS (HR 3.31; 95% CI 2.01-5.43) of patient with high PSA nadir. Shorter TTN was correlated with poor result of survival either PFS (HR 2.41; 95% CI 1.19 – 4.86) or CSS/ OS (HR 1.80; 95%CI  1.42 – 2.30)

Conclusion: Initial PSA before starting ADT do not associated with survival in mPCa.  There is association of PSA nadir and TTN with survival
Does frenotomy improve breastfeeding problems in neonates with ankyloglossia?
Authors: Emmerson Claire Victoria
Published: February 2018

Background

There are global and national initiatives to improve breastfeeding rates and ankyloglossia appears to be contributing to breastfeeding cessation, despite significant controversy regarding the need for frenotomy and the success of the intervention on breastfeeding outcomes.

Aims

To critically appraise contemporary literature regarding the effectiveness of frenotomy on reducing breastfeeding problems.

Methods

An electronic literature search was systematically performed using CINAHL, PubMed and Cochrane databases. Back-chaining and a hand search of bibliographies were also used.

Findings

Four key themes were identified from the literature; challenges diagnosing ankyloglossia including lack of a universally recognised assessment tool, apparent maternal breastfeeding improvements, breastfeeding improvements for the neonate, and issues with determining the longevity of breastfeeding.

Conclusion

Overall the literature was of differing validity and applicability, therefore further longer-term RCTs are required with larger sample sizes to be able to account for cross-over of participants from comparison to frenotomy group. The evidence has shown that frenotomy may improve breastfeeding outcomes but since breastfeeding is a complex interaction between mother and baby, releasing ankyloglossia does not universally remove all breastfeeding problems.
Perceptions of midwives with visible body art: OK or no way?
Authors: Power Alison , Lowe Justine
Published: February 2018

The Nursing and Midwifery Council Code instructs midwives to treat women as individuals and ‘avoid making assumptions and recognise diversity and individual choice’. Tattoos and piercings are becoming increasingly popular forms of body art, with estimates suggesting that up to 36% of people under 40 have at least one tattoo. Anecdotal evidence suggests that tattoos, piercings and ‘creative’ hair styles and colours may elicit negative opinions and stereotyping of an individual's character and lifestyle choices in the past. Discussions have recently focused on the clinical impact of tattoos and piercings on pregnancy in relation to possible complications in care; however, as cultural norms evolve, tattoos and piercings are becoming mainstream, and so this article will use a case study to examine how tattoos and ‘colourful’ hair are perceived by colleagues and the women in a maternity setting.
Perbandingan Efektifitas dan Keamanan Midazolam Buccal dengan Diazepam Intravena dalam Tata Laksana Kejang Akut pada Anak
Authors: Rafli Achmad , Handryastuti Setyo
Published: February 2018

Latar belakang. Literatur terbaru menunjukkan bahwa midazolam yang diberikan secara non-intravena memungkinkan untuk pemberian yang lebih cepat, sama efektif, dan aman bila dibandingkan dengan diazepam IV dalam mengatasi kejang akut pada anak.Tujuan. Mengetahui efektivitas dan keamanan midazolam buccal dibandingkan dengan diazepam terutama IV sebagai terapi kejang akut pada anak.Metode. Penelusuran pustaka database elektronik yaitu Pubmed, Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase dan Google Scholar.Hasil. Telaah sistematis dan meta-analisis menunjukkan menunjukkan bahwa angka kejadian berhentinya kejang dalam 10 menit pada subyek yang diberikan midazolam buccal sama dengan yang diberikan diazepam IV dengan relative risk (RR) 0,92, 95% interval kepercayaan (IK) 0,81-1,05; waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mengontrol episode kejang setelah pemberian obat anti-kejang pada subyek yang diberikan midazolam buccal lebih tinggi dengan mean difference 0,63; 95% IK 0,38-0,89; efek samping signifikan yang timbul setelah pemberian diazepam IV lebih tinggi, yaitu apnea pada 4/60 subyek. Midazolam buccal memiliki efektivitas dan keamanan yang sama dengan diazepam IV dalam mengatasi kejang.Kesimpulan. Midazolam buccal memiliki efektivitas dan keamanan yang sama dengan diazepam IV dalam mengatasi kejang. Berdasarkan penelitian ilmiah yang telah dipaparkan, efek samping midazolam buccal seperti depresi napas maupun hipotensi jarang terjadi bila dibandingkan dengan diazepam IV.
Potenziale eines gesellschaftlichen Dialogs zum Thema Bioökonomie
Authors: Fleischer Christiane , Dittmar Agnes , Straub Volker
Published: February 2018

Eine biobasierte Wirtschaft kann bedeutend zur Erreichung globaler Nachhaltigkeit beitragen. Die Umsetzung muss aber sorgfältig begleitet werden, um Zielkonflikte konstruktiv zu lösen. Dazu bedarf es eines gesellschaftlichen Dialogs, der Fachleute und Bürger/innen in politische Prozesse einbezieht.