bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitrectomy for Dense Vitreous Hemorrhage in Infancy
Authors: Simon John , Sood Shalini , Yoon Michael K. , Kaw Pamela , Zobal-Ratner Jitka , Archer Steven , Gardiner Jane A. , Hutchinson Amy , Marcotty Andreas , Noel Leon-Paul , Olsen Timothy W. , Tawansy Khaled , Wallace David
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To report clinical data, including etiology and visual outcome, in newborns requiring vitrectomy for dense vitreous hemorrhage.

Methods:

In this retrospective case series, we surveyed subscribers to the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus ListServe regarding patients under their care.

Results:

A total of 28 eyes of 21 patients were included. Most common etiologies were thrombocytopenia, shaken baby syndrome, and birth trauma. In 9 cases (12 eyes), the vitreous hemorrhage was idiopathic. Mean time between diagnosis and surgery was 1.4 months. Complications included strabismus, cataract, glaucoma, high myopia, and retinal detachment. Recognition visual acuities were available for 8 eyes: 20/25 (2 eyes), 20/30, 20/40 (2 eyes), 20/60 (2 eyes), and 20/100. One eye had no light perception.

Conclusions:

The etiologies encountered in our patients were similar to those reported previously. Visual outcomes were much worse in cases with retinal complications. Other patients had better visual outcomes. Despite potential surgical and postoperative complications, this series demonstrates favorable visual outcomes can be achieved following early vitrectomy in this setting.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:18–22.
Differential Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on IgG versus IgM Levels in TLR-Stimulated B Cells
Authors: Gilljam Karin Margaretha , Holm Kristine Lillebø , Zahoor Muhammad , Centonze Federica Grazia , Farhan Hesso , Blomhoff Heidi Kiil
Published: March 2020

It is becoming increasingly evident that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have critical roles as “second messengers” in cell signaling. In B cells, ROS can be generated either as a byproduct of mitochondrial respiration, as a result of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response induced by high production of Igs, or by the activation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) complexes. Having previously shown that costimulation of B cells via TLR 9 and the TLR-related receptor RP105 drives maturation of human peripheral blood B cells into Ig-producing cells, we aimed to study the role of ROS generated during this vital process. To this end, the ROS levels were either reduced by the NOX inhibitor VAS2870 or by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). We revealed that TLR9/RP105-mediated stimulation of human B cells involved a rapid activation of NOX. Moreover, VAS2870 blocked the TLR9/RP105-induced B cell activation and thereby all Ig production. Importantly, we showed that ROS targeted by NAC was selectively required for IgG but not for IgM production. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the TLR9/RP105-stimulated cells was higher in IgG+ than in IgG− cells and was reduced by NAC in IgG+ cells only. Of note, we revealed that substantially higher levels of IgG than IgM were produced per cell and that IgG+ cells produced significantly higher ROS levels than IgG− cells. Taken together, our results imply that NAC-targeted ROS may be particularly important for sustaining the high Ig production in IgG+ B cells.
Progress in Understanding the Origins of Excellent Corrosion Resistance in Metallic Alloys: From Binary Polycrystalline Alloys to Metallic Glasses and High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Gerard Angela Y. , Lutton Katie , Lucente Ashley , Frankel Gerald S. , Scully John R.
Published: March 2020

Some of the factors responsible for good corrosion resistance of select polycrystalline and emerging alloys in chloride solutions are discussed with a goal of providing some perspectives on the current status and future directions. Traditional metallic glass alloys, single phase high entropy alloys (HEAs), early metallic glasses, and high entropy metallic glasses are all emerging corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs) that utilize traditional strategies for improved corrosion resistance as well as take advantage of some other novel beneficial attributes. These materials enjoy many degrees of freedom as far as choice of both composition and structure, providing great flexibility in the pursuit of superior corrosion resistance. The new materials depart from classical solvent-solute type polycrystalline binary or ternary alloys. Thus, such emerging materials provide significant opportunities to achieve even greater improvements in corrosion resistance in harsh environments. Several examples of the unique corrosion properties of selected materials in the context of modern theories of corrosion are discussed herein. Discussion is restricted to solid-solution binary or ternary polycrystalline alloys, several metallic glass alloys, and single phase HEAs. A common feature of many CRAs is that composition and microstructure often affect both passivity and resistance to localized corrosion that can be divided into initiation, stabilization, and propagation stages. Enormous complexities in protective oxide structures and chemistries and the large number of combinatorial possibilities in newer materials such as HEAs preclude trial-and-error approaches and perhaps even combinatorial experimental design. Computational materials methodologies will be required in the search for new corrosion-resistant alloys in these material classes. The search must consider the best scientific insights available regarding how major and minor alloy additions, as well as various microstructural attributes, contribute to corrosion mitigation. Additional scientific insights, as they emerge, will enable choices beyond the reliance on high concentrations of alloying elements that are known to affect passivity breakdown and pit stabilization. A challenge is to connect the “basic attributes” of an alloy with its properties. The strength of this connection will likely require new scientific principles enabling deep multiphysics insights in order to link feature(s) such as composition and metallurgical phases to the desired corrosion properties. Application of data informatics will likely also play a role given the plethora of variables that are important in corrosion and the difficulty in assessing all relationships. The opportunity exists to accelerate the design of emerging materials for high corrosion resistance.
Comorbidities in an Australian sample of chronic and new opioid users
Authors: Moffat, PhD Anna K. , Pratt, PhD Nicole L. , Kalisch Ellett, PhD Lisa M. , Ramsay, MSc Emmae N. , Roughead, PhD Elizabeth E.
Published: March 2020

Introduction and aims: Mental health disorders and substance abuse are risk factors that both precede and follow chronic opioid use. We predicted that incident opioid users would have lower rates of mental health comorbidities than chronic opioid users, but that incident chronic opioid users would have lower rates of mental health comorbidities than prevalent chronic users.Design and methods: We used administrative health claims data to evaluate differences in lifetime mental health and substance abuse comorbidity profiles of people who were prevalent and incident chronic opioid users, as well as those who used opioids acutely. Results were stratified by age.Results: Over 5,188 people were prevalent chronic opioid users at study entry. Of the 10,079 people who initiated opioids, 10.2 percent had a subsequent chronic episode (incident chronic) and the remainder stopped within 90 days (incident acute). In prevalent chronic users compared to incident chronic users, rates of depression and anxiety were higher across all age groups (odds ratio (OR) across age groups range from = 1.60, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) = 1.35,1.89, to OR = 6.66, 95 percent CI = 3.02, 14.69) and prevalence of alcohol abuse was higher in those aged 55 to 74 years (OR = 5.11, 95 percent CI = 1.83, 14.24, p = 0.002). Acute users were less likely than incident chronic users to have depression and anxiety in those aged over 74 years (depression OR = 0.82, 95 percent CI = 0.70, 0.95; anxiety OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.70, 0.98).Conclusions: Mental health morbidities commonly associated with chronic opioid use increase in prevalence as chronic use continues.
Effect of physical manipulation on the oral pharmacokinetic profile of Xtampza® ER (oxycodone DETERx® formulation): A review of published studies
Authors: Gudin, MD Jeffrey
Published: March 2020

Opioids can be an effective treatment option for appropriate patients with chronic pain for whom nonpharmacological or nonopioid treatment does not provide adequate pain relief. However, extended-release (ER) opioid formulations, because of their high drug content, are attractive options for nonmedical use and abuse. Xtampza® ER (oxycodone DETERx®) capsules, an ER abuse-deterrent formulation (ADF), contain microspheres that combine oxycodone with inactive ingredients to increase the difficulty of tampering with the ER mechanism. The aim of this article is to review five previously published studies highlighting the impact of physical manipulation (ie, crushing and chewing) on the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of orally administered Xtampza ER compared with immediate-release (IR) oxycodone and/or reformulated OxyContin® (the first approved oxycodone ER ADF). Across five studies, manipulated (crushed or chewed) Xtampza ER retained an ER PK profile similar to that of intact Xtampza ER, with respect to maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to Cmax. Additionally, bioequivalence was established between manipulated and intact Xtampza ER, based on Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve values in healthy volunteers and nondependent recreational opioid users. In contrast, crushed OxyContin failed to retain the ER PK profile of intact OxyContin and was bioequivalent to IR oxycodone, based on Cmax in healthy volunteers. The retention of ER PK properties when capsule contents are physically manipulated before oral administration suggests Xtampza ER has lower potential to be manipulated for oral abuse when compared with IR oxycodone or OxyContin.
The Ideal Romantic Partner Morality
Authors: Oda Ryo , Hayashi Kanako
Published: March 2020

Assortative mating must be important for maintaining morality in a population, as moral principles are shared by most people in a group. Breeding by a pair with similar morals results in genetic and cultural transmission of these morals to the next generation, which maintains the moral norms of the group. In this study, we investigated absolute and relative mate preferences in relation to particular moral foundations, as represented by five general moral values. In both sexes, correlations between ratings for self and an ideal romantic partner on these factors were rather high (.67  ≤ r ≤ .84). Differences between self-ratings and ratings for the ideal romantic partner did not deviate significantly from zero for any of these factors.
Syntactic Structure Influences Speech-Gesture Synchronization
Authors: Kashiwadate Kei , Yasuda Tetsuya , Fujita Koji , Kita Sotaro , Kobayashi Harumi
Published: March 2020

It is known that a phrase may have multiple meanings. Phrases such as “green tea cup” may be interpreted with two different meanings—a “green-colored tea cup” or a “cup of green tea.” Then how people know the exact meanings of apparently syntactically ambiguous linguistic expressions? We propose that gesture that accompanies speech may help disambiguate syntactically ambiguous structures. The present study investigated whether the difference in phrase structures influences the production of gestures. Participants produced gestures as they produced a Japanese four-word phrases. We examined all possible synchronization patterns of speech and gestures. We found, for the first time, gestures tended to synchronize with the chunks of words that form a constituent in syntactic structures. Our study suggests that gestures may play an important role in disambiguating syntactically ambiguous phrases. This could be a reason why humans have continuously used gestures even after they acquired a powerful tool of language and why today, they still produce language-redundant gestures.
Uptake selectivity of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) on fine particles over polynya regions of the Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Yan Jinpei , Jung Jinyoung , Zhang Miming , Bianchi Federico , Tham Yee Jun , Xu Suqing , Lin Qi , Zhao Shuhui , Li Lei , Chen Liqi
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The uptake of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) on
existing particles is a major route of the particulate MSA formation,
however, MSA uptake on different particles is still lacking in knowledge.
Characteristics of MSA uptake on different aerosol particles were
investigated in polynya (an area of open sea water surrounded by ice)
regions of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Particulate MSA mass concentrations, as
well as aerosol population and size distribution, were observed
simultaneously for the first time to access the uptake of MSA on different
particles. The results show that MSA mass concentration does not always
reflect MSA particle population in the marine atmosphere. MSA uptake on
aerosol particle increases the particle size and changes aerosol chemical
composition, but it does not increase the particle population. The uptake rate
of MSA on particles is significantly influenced by aerosol chemical
properties. Sea salt particles are beneficial for MSA uptake, as MSA-Na and
MSA-Mg particles are abundant in the Na and Mg particles, accounting for
0.43±0.21 and 0.41±0.20 of the total Na and Mg particles,
respectively. However, acidic and hydrophobic particles suppress the uptake
of MSA, as MSA-EC (elemental carbon) and MSA-SO42- particles account for only
0.24±0.68 and 0.26±0.47 of the total EC and SO42-
particles, respectively. The results extend the knowledge of the formation
and environmental behavior of MSA in the marine atmosphere.
Asymmetries in the Earth's dayside magnetosheath: results from global hybrid-Vlasov simulations
Authors: Turc Lucile , Tarvus Vertti , Dimmock Andrew , Battarbee Markus , Ganse Urs , Johlander Andreas , Grandin Maxime , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Dubart Maxime , Palmroth Minna
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Bounded by the bow shock and the magnetopause, the magnetosheath forms the interface between solar wind and magnetospheric plasmas and regulates solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. Previous works have revealed pronounced dawn-dusk asymmetries in the magnetosheath properties. The dependence of these asymmetries on the upstream parameters remains however largely unknown. One of the main sources of these asymmetries is the bow shock configuration, which is typically quasi-parallel on the dawn side and quasi-perpendicular on the dusk side of the terrestrial magnetosheath because of the Parker spiral orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) at Earth. Most of these previous studies rely on collections of spacecraft measurements associated with a wide range of upstream conditions which are processed in order to obtain average values of the magnetosheath parameters. In this work, we use a different approach and quantify the magnetosheath asymmetries in global hybrid-Vlasov simulations performed with the Vlasiator model. We concentrate on three parameters: the magnetic field strength, the plasma density and the flow velocity. We find that the Vlasiator model reproduces accurately the polarity of the asymmetries, but that their level tends to be higher than in spacecraft measurements, probably because the magnetosheath parameters are obtained from a single set of upstream conditions in the simulation, making the asymmetries more prominent. We investigate how the asymmetries change when the angle between the IMF and the Sun-Earth line is reduced and when the Alfven Mach number decreases. We find that a more radial IMF results in a stronger magnetic field asymmetry and a larger variability of the magnetosheath density. In contrast, a lower Alfven Mach number leads to a reduced magnetic field asymmetry and a decrease in the variability of the magnetosheath density and velocity, the latter likely due to weaker foreshock processes. Our results highlight the strong impact of the foreshock on global magnetosheath properties, in particular on the magnetosheath density, which is extremely sensitive to transient foreshock processes.
Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) v2.0 – diagnostics for emergent constraints and future projections from Earth system models in CMIP
Authors: Lauer Axel , Eyring Veronika , Bellprat Omar , Bock Lisa , Gier Bettina K. , Hunter Alasdair , Lorenz Ruth , Pérez-Zanón Núria , Righi Mattia , Schlund Manuel , Senftleben Daniel , Weigel Katja , Zechlau Sabrina
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool), a community diagnostics and performance metrics tool for evaluation and analysis of Earth system models (ESMs) is designed to facilitate a more comprehensive and rapid comparison of single or multiple models participating in the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP). The ESM results can be compared against observations or reanalysis data as well as against other models including predecessor versions of the same model. The updated and extended version 2.0 of the ESMValTool includes several new analysis scripts such as large-scale diagnostics for evaluation of ESMs as well as diagnostics for extreme events, regional model and impact evaluation. In this paper, the newly implemented climate metrics such as effective climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR) as well as emergent constraints for various climate-relevant feedbacks and diagnostics for future projections from ESMs are described and illustrated with examples using results from the well-established model ensemble CMIP5. The emergent constraints implemented include ECS, snow-albedo effect, climate-carbon cycle feedback, hydrologic cycle intensification, future Indian summer monsoon precipitation, and year of disappearance of summer Arctic sea ice. The diagnostics included in ESMValTool v2.0 to analyze future climate projections from ESMs include analysis scripts to reproduce selected figures of chapter 12 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fifth Assessment report (AR5) and various multi-model statistics.
A bistable mechanism with linear negative stiffness and large in-plane lateral stiffness: design, modeling and case studies
Authors: Zhou Zhanfeng , Gao Yongzhuo , Sun Lining , Dong Wei , Du Zhijiang
Published: March 2020

Abstract. To overcome the limitations of conventional bistable mechanisms,
this paper proposes a novel type of bistable mechanism with linear negative
stiffness and large in-plane lateral stiffness. By connecting the novel
negative-stiffness mechanism in parallel with a positive-stiffness
mechanism, a novel quasi-zero stiffness compliant mechanism is developed,
which has good axial guidance capability and in-plane lateral
anti-interference capability. Analytical models based on a comprehensive
elliptic integral solution of bistable mechanism are established and then
the stiffness curves of both conventional and novel bistable mechanisms are
analyzed. The quasi-zero stiffness characteristic and
High-Static-Low-Dynamic-Stiffness characteristic of the novel compliant
mechanism are investigated and its application in constant-force mechanism
and vibration isolator is discussed. A prototype with adjustable
load-carrying capacity is designed and fabricated for experimental study. In
the two experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed quasi-zero stiffness
mechanism used in the field of constant-force output and vibration isolation
is tested.
A model for interpreting the deformation mechanism of reservoir landslides in the
Three Gorges Reservoir area, China
Authors: Zou Zongxing , Tang Huiming , Criss Robert E. , Hu Xinli , Xiong Chengren , Wu Qiong , Yuan Yi
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Landslides whose slide surface is gentle near the toe and relatively steep in the middle and rear part are common in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China. The mass that overlies the steep part of the slide surface is termed the driving section and that which overlies the gentle part of the slide surface is termed the locking section. A driving-locking model is presented to elucidate the deformation mechanism of reservoir landslides of this type, as exemplified by Shuping landslide. More than 13 years of field observations that include rainfall, reservoir level and deformation show that the deformation velocity of Shuping landslide depends strongly on the reservoir level but only slightly on rainfall. Seepage modelling shows that the landslide was destabilized shortly after the reservoir was first impounded to 135 m, which initiated a period of steady deformation from 2003 to 2006 that was driven by buoyancy forces on the locking section. Cyclical water-level fluctuations in subsequent years also affected slope stability, with annual jumps in displacement coinciding with drawdown periods that produce outward seepage forces. In contrast, the inward seepage force that results from rising reservoir levels stabilizes the slope, as indicated by decreased deformation velocity. Corrective transfer of earth mass from the driving section to the locking section successfully reduced the deformation of Shuping landslide, and is a feasible treatment for huge reservoir landslides in similar geological settings.
Impact of Effective Succession Planning Practices on Employee Retention: Exploring the Mediating Roles
Authors: HASSAN SYED NAJAM UL , SIDDIQUI DANISH AHMED
Published: March 2020

Succession planning (SP) and employee retention (ER) are mutually reinforcing. Meaning ineffective succession planning leads to turnover, and that would, in turn, make the succession plan ineffective. Hence the big challenge is to find how SP affects ER. For this, we proposed a model explaining the mediation effect of various factors on SP-ER nexus. We hypothesize that proper Succession planning produces a positive effect on Performance Goal Orientation, Supervisor Support, Working Environment, Rewards, Work-life Policies, Career Development, and Job Security. And these factors, in turn, lead to employee retention. We further assumed that the ER would lead to Organizational Effectiveness. To establish its empirical validity, we conducted a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was gathered from 300 respondents who are serving in the middle and lower level of management in the private organizations in Pakistan. Data analysis was done through the descriptive statistics, partial least square (PLS), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS3. The findings indicated that effective succession planning practices had a meaningful, favorable connection with employee retention and out of seven mediators, only three mediators i.e. job security, rewards, and supervisor support significantly mediated the association between effective succession planning practices and employee retention. Succession planning also seems to significantly affect the working environment, work-life policies, and career development. Results also exhibited that there’s an insignificant link between effective succession planning practices and organizational effectiveness and also there is no positive relationship between employee retention and organizational effectiveness.
Does Auditing Committee Characteristics Enhance Corporate Value? Evidence From Jordan
Authors: Bataineh Ashraf , Soumadi Mustafa M
Published: March 2020

The study aims to investigate the effect of auditing committee characteristics, represented in the auditing committee characteristics (size, independence, activity, financial expertise) on the enhancement of corporate value, for a sample of 47 Jordanian industrial companies listed at Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period of (2014-2018). To achieve this goal, corporate value was measured using the return on assets (ROA) in addition to using the Pooled Data Regression. Study found a positive relationship between the auditing committee characteristics (size, activities, independence) and corporate value in the Jordanian industrial Companies, but didn't find a positive relationship between the financial expertise variable of auditing committee and the corporate value. Based on the study results, researchers made a number of recommendations that include: researchers and academic staffs must study in the future researches some of the other variables, such as the diversity of management committee, disclosure, transparency, and auditing fees in order to enhance corporate value.
Tuberosity Repair in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Fracture Using a Stem-based Double-row Repair: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Shishani Yousef , Bishop Meghan E. , Romeo Anthony A. , Lederman Evan , Gobezie Reuben
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

The optimal tuberosity repair method in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for fracture is unknown.

Methods:

Eight matched pairs of cadaver shoulders were randomly assigned to a stem-based tuberosity repair technique or a nonstem-based repair (Boileau technique) and mechanically tested with a 10 kN load cell. Cyclic loading was performed between 10 and 100 N for 500 cycles at 1 Hz, followed by static pull to failure at 33 mm/s. Ultimate load was determined from the maximum load reached during the pull to failure. A paired Studentt-test was used to compare the means of the ultimate load and average cyclic displacement of the two sample groups.

Results:

The ultimate load to failure for the stem-based tuberosity repair technique was significantly higher than the nonstem-based technique (668 ± 164 N versus 483 ± 67 N;P= 0.032). The average cyclic displacement for the stem-based tuberosity repair technique was significantly less than the nonstem-based technique 0 (0.83 ± 0.67 mm versus 3.36 ± 2.36 mm;P= 0.017).

Conclusion:

The stem-based tuberosity repair technique afforded higher ultimate load to failure with less average cyclic displacement than the nonstem-based technique. Consideration to the stem-based technique should be given when performing a tuberosity repair in the setting of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for fracture.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
The Effect of Argumentation-Based Learning Environments on Pre-service Science Teachers' Conceptual Understanding and Decision Making Styles
Authors: Baş Özge , Sevim Serkan
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of making argumentation practices on the conceptual understanding level and decision making styles of pre-service science teachers on socio-scientific subject, genetically modified organisms (GMO). The sample of this study consists of 48 Pre-service science teachers studying in the 2nd grade of the science education department, Faculty of Education, in the 2018-1019 academic year. 24 of the pre-service science teachers are the experimental group and 24 of them are the control group. Case study was used in the study. In the experimental group; within the scope of 5E teaching model; with materials and animations containing Toulmin's argumentation model; the control group was processed with traditional teaching methods. Conceptual understanding levels of Pre-service science teachers, who constitute the experimental and control groups, about GMO before and after the teaching activities, were measured. As a data collection tool in the research; the open-ended question and likert type scale consisting of 12 items, which are based on GMO, based on expert opinions and have scope validity, is the Knowledge Test on Genetically Modified Products of University Students (KTGMOUS), pre-test and post-test. It was applied as a test. In addition, a five-point Likert-type "Decision-Making Styles Scale" consisting of 24 items was applied to the experimental group in the form of pre-test and posttest. Findings obtained at the end of the study are presented.
Influence of Shape, Color, Size and Relative Position of Elements on Their Counting by an Ant
Authors: Cammaerts Marie-Claire , Cammaerts Roger
Published: March 2020

It was previously shown that workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti can discriminate small numbers of elements during testing when these elements were identical to those learned during training. Here we examine if this numerosity ability still subsists if the shape, color, size or location of the elements (dots) to count are modified between training and testing. We found that the ants’ counting ability was not significantly affected by changing one of these features although a somewhat lesser ability was observed. Among the changes, it was that of the relative position of the elements which disrupted the most the ants’ counting ability, followed by a change of their size. A change in the color or the shape affected the least the ants’ counting. These impacts of feature changes in the learned cues on the ants’ counting can be explained by characteristics of the visual perception of the species as well as by its behavioral ecology.
‘Future Talk’ in Newspaper Editorials: Predictions and Their Role in Argumentative Discourse
Authors: Masroor Farzana , Yousaf Muhammad , Habib Azhar , Khan Ijaz Ali
Published: March 2020

Newspaper editorials are known for taking a stance while fulfilling their goals of persuading the audience. In this regard, making future predictions is a crucial strategy in the argument structure of editorials. They are considered as risky acts since they are meant to outline future course of action as well as outcomes of such actions for their audience. This research is focused on the analysis of the speech acts of predictions among newspaper editorials of Pakistani, American and Malaysian newspapers. The analysis is focused on the exploration of forms, force and occurrence of these acts. The results indicate the preference of Pakistani and American newspapers in using strong predictions. The Malaysian newspaper meanwhile is found to be less explicit when predicting the future. This is indicated by less use of the strategy as well as adoption of implicit ways to express propositions related to the future. The results affirm the role of editorials as opinion leaders in their respective societies and the differences across cultures can be interpreted with respect to the extra linguistic and contextual factors that control editorial structures and strategies. The findings of the study are useful for future researchers to explore the relationship of language and its communicative purpose especially when fulfilling the goals of persuasion across cultures and contexts.
Wzmocnienie konstrukcji stropu
budynku wysokościowego
Authors: Rowiński Sławomir , Dudkiewicz Jacek , Ignatowicz Rajmund
Published: March 2020

Postęp cywilizacyjny miast generuje
potrzebę zwiększania komfortu społeczeństwa
w każdej dziedzinie jego działalności,
między innymi handlu, komunikacji,
jak i warunków mieszkania. To z kolei tworzy
potrzebę wznoszenia budynków wielokondygnacyjnych
oraz potrzebę bardziej efektywnego
wykorzystywania parametrów wytrzymałościowych
stosowanych materiałów.
W tym ciągłym procesie pokonywane są kolejne
bariery techniczne i technologiczne, które
do tej pory mogły ograniczać rozwój budownictwa.
Jednak poszukiwanie nowych
rozwiązań, a następnie ich wdrażanie, może
doprowadzić do zmniejszenia bezpieczeństwa
i stanów awaryjnych konstrukcji. W artykule
przedstawiono przykład awarii stropu
żelbetowego budynku wysokościowego spowodowanej
zarówno błędami projektowymi,
jak i wykonawczymi. Zaprezentowano rozwiązania
wzmocnienia konstrukcji.
Przedawaryjny stan galerii transportowej
Authors: Kocot Wojciech
Published: March 2020

W artykule opisano przypadek ukośnej galerii transportowej podającej węgiel do elektrownianego budynku kotłowni. Przed kilku laty stwierdzono, że galeria ta znalazła się w stanie przedawaryjnym.
W pierwszej części artykułu podano zasady, jakim powinny odpowiadać tego typu obiekty. W drugiej części przedstawiono opis konstrukcji przedmiotowej galerii, przeanalizowano przyczyny powstania uszkodzeń oraz przedstawiono koncepcję naprawy. Skuteczność podjętych działań naprawczych potwierdziła kilkuletnia bezawaryjna eksploatacja.
W końcowej części pracy sformułowano wnioski i zalecenia, które powinny być uwzględniane na etapie projektowania i budowy oraz podczas eksploatacji galerii transportowych
w zakładach przemysłowych.
Analiza posadowienia fundamentu pierścieniowego chłodni kominowej
Authors: Kociniak Michał , Godlewski Tomasz , Łukasik Stanisław
Published: March 2020

Artykuł prezentuje analizę posadowienia oraz wytyczne do projektu konstrukcji chłodni kominowej w elektrowni konwencjonalnej. Zaprezentowano ogólną charakterystykę konstrukcji, główne założenia projektowe oraz opis warunków gruntowo-wodnych na rozpatrywanym obszarze. Następnie omówiono zakres i główne założenia analizy. Otrzymane na podstawie analizy wyniki prezentują podsumowanie rozważań projektowych związanych z wyborem ostatecznie przyjętego sposobu posadowienia. Ostatecznie uzyskano zoptymalizowany rozkład współczynnika podatności sprężystej podłoża, wraz z przewidywanymi wartościami osiadań po obwodzie fundamentu chłodni kominowej.
Diagnostyka żelbetowej wieży antenowej o wysokości 60 m
Authors: Lechman Marek
Published: March 2020

Przedmiotem artykułu jest wieża antenowa o wysokości 60 m zaprojektowana w konstrukcji żelbetowej prefabrykowanej, składająca się z 5 segmentów rurowych wykonanych w technologii betonu wirowanego. Połączenia segmentów zaprojektowano w postaci specjalnych łączników, składających się
z płyt stalowych skręcanych na śruby. W trakcie eksploatacji żelbetowy trzon wieży uległ zarysowaniom i spękaniom o różnym charakterze, co stanowiło bezpośredni asumpt do zbadania przyczyn ich powstania oraz określenia sposobu naprawy. Celowi temu służyły przeprowadzone badania diagnostyczne oraz obliczenia statyczno-wytrzymałościowe konstrukcji wieży, z uwzględnieniem oddziaływania wiatru według Eurokodu 1. oraz nieliniowości fizycznej betonu i stali zbrojeniowej. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników określono stan techniczny wieży oraz podano sposoby wyeliminowania występujących uszkodzeń
i nieprawidłowości.
Podwyższone wymagania
przy projektowaniu i wykonywaniu obiektów energetycznych
Authors: Runkiewicz Leonard , Sieczkowski Jan
Published: March 2020

W referacie przedstawiono wymagania prawne dotyczące projektowania i wykonywania obiektów energetycznych,
a także wyniki analiz wieloletnich zbiorów danych o awariach i katastrofach budowlanych.
Defense against a knifer – terrorist attack in Würzburg
Authors: Kobylarz Magdalena , Hrynaszkiewicz-Ołów Paulina
Published: March 2020

In the article, the authors present how a citizen can protect himself against an attack of a terrorist – knifer. The incidents where the main attackers are Islamic fundamentalists are increasingly heard in Europe. In order to bring this subject to light, the example of the terrorist attack in Würzburg has been described. Who was the terrorist? Is a citizen able to protect himself against an attack by a knife-wielding attacker? The primary assumption and purpose of the article below are to determine which method proves to be the most effective for the protection against a terrorist – a cutter. The authors have done so through the analysis of legal conditions regarding the use of various forms of defense on the example of self-defense techniques, the use of firearms or pepper spray, as well as the analysis of available literature.
Bulgarian migration policy – contemporary challenges along the Balkan transit route
Authors: Sienko Natalia
Published: March 2020

This article constitutes a condensed attempt to reflect on the contemporary role of the Republic of Bulgaria in the context of the Balkan transit route and challenges to ensure security in the region. The main questions the author addresses include the influence of the mechanisms of regulating the flow of immigrants introduced by individual countries in close proximity to Bulgaria, as well as the way in which the country struggling with many social and economic problems secures its borders against the uncontrolled inflow of the illegal migration.
Investment funds as a form of effective pension protection in an aging society
Authors: Parkitna Agnieszka , Pol Małgorzata , Miśko Rafał , Pura Marzena
Published: March 2020

The article aimed to analyze the effectiveness of investment funds and to create a ranking of investment funds with the highest economic efficiency. The scope of selection of the test sample is presented. The effectiveness of investment funds was assessed using various measures of their assessment. Comparing the obtained rates of return and risk, measured with a standard deviation, with the rate of return from the stock exchange, the most profitable funds were selected. As a result, it has been shown that the desire to invest in mutual funds does not have to end with investing in those that seem viable, but independent analysis can be done.
O que está em jogo teologicamente no debate sobre a ordenação de homens casados?
Authors: Almeida Antonio José
Published: March 2020

Entre as questões a serem tratadas pelo Sínodo Especial para a Amazônia (Roma, 2019), está a situação de dezenas de milhares de comunidades que, na região amazônica, não têm acesso regular à celebração da eucaristia por falta de presbíteros. Em axioma famoso, Henri de Lubac (1896-1991), aprofundando o tema da relação Eucaristia-Igreja na literatura eclesiástica do primeiro milênio cristão, dizia que “A Igreja faz a Eucaristia, e a Eucaristia faz a Igreja”. Muitas comunidades se reúnem para celebrar a Palavra de Deus, e sabemos que a Palavra está na origem da Igreja: a Igreja é, sem dúvida, “criatura da Palavra”. Falta a essas comunidades, porém, a celebração frequente (preferivelmente dominical) da Eucaristia, pois é a celebração da eucaristia que “faz a Igreja”. Dado que a Igreja celebra a eucaristia (“a Igreja faz a eucaristia”) sempre sob a presidência de um sacerdote (bispo ou presbítero), e estes, na Amazônia, faltam cronicamente, o autor sugere que se revejam algumas condições para a ordenação, entre elas o próprio celibato, para que a Igreja na Amazônia possa, com ministros ordenados próprios, chegar à plenitude da sua constituição eclesial e missionária.
O Deus “outramente que ser” de Emmanuel Levinas
Authors: Campos Fabiano Victor
Published: March 2020

Este texto busca analisar o problema filosófico de Deus, tal como pensado pelo filósofo lituano-francês Emmanuel Levinas, que o compreende sob o signo de um “outramente que ser”. Para tal, procura mostrar que a recusa levinasiana de abordar a questão de Deus a partir do horizonte ontológico parte de uma peculiar concepção do ser. O ser é compreendido como incapaz de salvaguardar a alteridade em sua compacta unidade, erradicando toda diferença e se revelando como pura impessoalidade e neutralidade. Partindo desse pressuposto é que Levinas propõe pensar Deus “outramente que ser”, lendo o “mais além da essência” platônico numa chave hermenêutica exclusivamente ética, no sentido próprio que esse último termo adquire no seu pensamento.
Expressões das experiências místicas: natureza e intensidade
Authors: Ferreira Soraya Cristina Dias
Published: March 2020

Esta comunicação faz parte de uma pesquisa doutoral que propõe analisar as expressões das experiências místicas revisitando o novo olhar que a Psicologia Analítica de Jung percorre ao amplificar o tema. Busca compreender a natureza e a intensidade dos fenômenos místicos que acontecem quando o humano se abre para experienciar os aspectos do numinoso em seu vir-a-ser, encontrando nas imagens primordiais - matrizes de comportamentos herdadas pelo humano - experiências mais fundantes, com tendências a repetições e/ou similaridades. Discute a relevância do processo de individuação que encontra na dialética dos opostos uma amplificação da consciência capaz de levá-lo à inteireza. Essa natureza compreendida e essa intensidade atingida com a ajuda dos símbolos vivos possibilitam ao humano ser partícipe de uma privilegiada coniunction (união dos opostos) que o ajuda a atingir um centro mais profundo, como se observa na vida de vários místicos da cultura oriental e ocidental.
Valores em conflito: contribuições do pluralismo de Isaiah Berlin ao estudo das relações entre “religioso” e “secular” no debate público contemporâneo
Authors: Goudinho Jonathan
Published: March 2020

O debate público contemporâneo é permeado por variados desafios à vida social, especialmente em virtude da pluralidade de grupos e convicções que se articulam nas instâncias de decisão. Nas sociedades ocidentais, devido ao processo de secularização, não há mais sistemas de valores exclusivos que sejam capazes de conferir sentido total à experiência humana comunitária. Desse modo, as tensões que dizem respeito à relação entre os domínios “religioso” e “secular” têm ganhado novos contornos na discussão pública e ensejado estudos acadêmicos. A partir do contexto de diversidade de crenças e valores, esta dissertação introduz no campo das Ciências da Religião o pensamento do filósofo e historiador das ideias russo-judeu Isaiah Berlin (1909-1997), que desenvolveu uma doutrina do pluralismo de valor. Para Berlin, notável defensor do liberalismo e um dos principais intelectuais do século XX, o pluralismo é um princípio de importância crucial para a sociedade contemporânea, à medida que postula a coexistência de diferentes sistemas de valores morais e concepções do bem, sem tentar escapar do inevitável conflito entre tais valores e concepções. A formulação de Berlin, situada na interseção da filosofia política com a história das ideias, indica que valores morais podem ser igualmente válidos e, ainda assim, incompatíveis e incomensuráveis, o que resulta em conflitos que não admitem resolução sem referência a contextos particulares de decisão. Assim, a partir de uma abordagem teórica de natureza conceitual e analítica, busca-se interpretar a noção pluralista de Isaiah Berlin na tentativa de encontrar possíveis contribuições do corpo teórico desenvolvido pelo autor ao estudo das relações entre “religioso” e “secular” no debate público contemporâneo. Desse modo, o pluralismo de valor desponta como sistema teórico válido para enriquecer as abordagens acadêmicas concernentes aos conflitos de valores no seio das sociedades plurais.
O problema da fé: uma análise da fé antropológica e religiosa na contemporaneidade.
Authors: Rocha Sheyla Cristina de Souza da
Published: March 2020

Resumo da dissertação de mestrado de Sheyla Cristina de Souza da Rocha
Igreja em diálogo
Authors: Wisniewski Eliseu
Published: March 2020

Resenha do livro: WOLFF, Elias. Igreja em diálogo. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2019. 128p. (Coleção Teologia do Papa Francisco). ISBN: 978-85-356-4461-6
Doutrina social: economia, trabalho e política
Authors: Wisniewski Eliseu
Published: March 2020

Resenha da obra: GASDA, Élio Estanislau. Doutrina social: economia, trabalho e política. São Paulo: Paulinas, 2019. 96p. (Coleção Teologia do Papa Francisco). ISBN: 978-85-356-4479-1
Apresentação - Dossiê: Teorias da Religião
Authors: Cantarela Antonio Geraldo
Published: March 2020

Apresentação - Dossiê: Teorias da Religião
A cultura visual religiosa como linguagem religiosa própria: propostas de leitura
Authors: Renders Helmut
Published: March 2020

A artigo apresenta os estudos da cultura visual religiosa como linguagem religiosa, tanto como linguagem das ciências da religião na perspectiva de linguagens e narrativas sagradas como da teologia no sentido de símbolos visíveis e impactantes. Em formato de retrospectiva apresenta os movimentos da elaboração na área de uma teoria da religião ainda pouco considerada na areia e mapeia, pontualmente, suas epistemologias subjacentes e possíveis aplicações nos campos religiosos brasileiros.
Teorias (e quase teorias) da religião: um olhar descritivo
Authors: Ribeiro Osvaldo Luiz
Published: March 2020

A partir de um recorte metodológico descritivo e de levantamento bibliográfico, na extensão que o presente instrumento de comunicação permite, o artigo apresenta um conjunto de treze teorias ou discursos sobre a religião. Mesmo quando o procedimento se revela passível de incongruência, procurou-se classificar as teorias e quase teorias em dois grupos: teorias ou quase teorias reducionistas e teorias e quase teorias não reducionistas. Foram tratadas como não reducionistas aquelas que se atêm ao conteúdo positivo da religião, sendo, por isso, classificadas como substantivas. Foram tratadas como reducionistas teorias que consideram a religião a partir de e em relação a sua expressão na sociedade, sendo também classificadas de funcionalistas. Conclui-se que, em grande medida, as teorias se sobrepõem, algumas delas constituindo desdobramentos necessários ou aprofundamentos críticos de teorias anteriores, de sorte que, em rotinas de pesquisas em Ciências das Religiões se poderiam conjugar diferentes teorias e quase teorias como quadro referencial teórico-metodológico.
John Rawls e a questão da religião e da razão pública
Authors: Gondim Elnora
Published: March 2020

A problemática que permeia todo O liberalismo político, livro tardio de Rawls, é saber como pessoas com diferentes doutrinas compreensivas tais como as filosóficas, morais e religiosas, podem chegar a um acordo sobre questões políticas fundamentais. No entanto, as questões religiosas permeiam o conjunto da obra rawlsiana como, por exemplo, quando John Rawls morreu, em 2002, foi encontrado entre seus arquivos um texto intitulado On my religion. Nele Rawls descreve a história de suas crenças, referindo-se ao período como aluno de graduação em Princeton (1941-1942). Em dezembro de 1942, ele escreve Uma breve investigação sobre o significado de pecado e fé: uma interpretação baseada no conceito de comunidade. Nesses casos, o problema é saber como pessoas com diferentes doutrinas compreensivas religiosas podem chegar a um consenso sobreposto. A solução para o problema de como a legitimidade política pode ser alcançada, apesar do conflito religioso, e de como, entre cidadãos de diferentes crenças, a justificação política pode prosseguir sem referência, em específico, à convicção religiosa. Isso tudo é relacionado com a ideia de razão pública.
Fenomenologia da religião como essencialista e criptoteologia: reconsiderações críticas
Authors: Pieper Frederico
Published: March 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as críticas que se faz no contexto brasileiro de que a fenomenologia da religião é essencialista e seria espécie de criptoteologia. Essa análise será conduzida a partir da confrontação dessas críticas com as considerações metodológicas de autores que se identificam com a fenomenologia, especialmente os de tradição holandesa. Para tratar dessas temáticas, o artigo se concentra em dois temas. Em primeiro lugar, para abordar a temática do essencialismo, trata da relação entre história e sistema, buscando mostrar até onde ela pode ser considerada como forma de essencialismo. Em segundo lugar, para abordar a temática da criptoteologia, o artigo busca mostrar como esses autores buscam diferenciar fenomenologia e teologia. A intenção final do artigo não é estabelecer uma defesa da fenomenologia, mas indicar a necessidade de um debate mais aprofundando dessas questões no contexto brasileiro, uma vez que essas temáticas se mostram muito mais complexas do que, muitas vezes, as críticas pressupõem.