bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systems Thinking Tools for Improving Evidence-based Practice: A Cross-Case Analysis of Two High School Leadership Teams
Authors: Kensler Lisa A.W. , Reames Ellen , Murray John , Patrick Lynne
Published: February 2012

Teachers and administrators have access to large volumes of data but research suggests that they lack the skills to use data effectively for continuous school improvement. This study involved a cross-case analysis of two high school leadership teams' early stages of evidence-based practice development; differing forms of external support were present in each school. The conceptual framework guiding the study integrates literature related to communities of practice, effective professional development, evidence-based practice, systems thinking, and dialogue. Findings suggest the value of data rooms, professional development focused on individual data interpretation skills, collective dialogue skills, and systems thinking skills for developing a community of evidence-based practice.
Perfecting Independence: Tench Coxe and the Political Economy of Western Development
Authors: Öhman Martin
Published: February 2012

The article examines how the Republican coalition, when it came into power, responded to the collapse of the European state system and the derailment of the French Revolution. Against the backdrop of the international conflict, consequent commercial unpredictability, and persistent domestic divisions, policy-makers and political thinkers found themselves forced to reconsider conventional tenets of political economy. Seeing the international revolution failing and the prospects of a more liberalized international trading system fading, Republicans reassessed established conceptions of economic federation and the United States' position in the Atlantic trading system. This article focuses closely on the writings of Pennsylvania political economist, international merchant, and Federalist-turned-Republican Tench Coxe and examines why the prescription he presented for industrial and territorial growth was embraced by divergent interests within the new majority coalition at this particular moment in time. Contrary to the conventional understanding, the push for territorial expansion, as exemplified in the Louisiana Purchase, was premised on a predicted concomitant expansion of the manufacturing sector. With more resources under direct American control, a growing population, improved transportation networks, and more diversified productive activities, the dependence on foreign markets and goods could be greatly diminished. A more balanced and better integrated national economy would increase the United States' capacity to resist foreign pressure and at the same time bind the different parts of the union closer together. In times of peace as well as war, under conditions of free international exchange as well as widespread autarky, Coxe and fellow Republicans argued, a recalibration of the American economy would lead the way toward enhanced security, regional comity, and stable growth
Hanging up Kings: The Political Bible in Early Modern England
Authors: Killeen Kevin
Published: February 2012

While “religion” as an ecclesiastical, institutional, and doctrinal phenomenon in seventeenth-century England has been subject to intensive scrutiny, the language of scriptural thinking remains a blind-spot to scholarship. One example of the inattention to the Bible as a working currency of political thought in the seventeenth century is the widespread notion of the English regicide as unprecedented and unthinkable in the early modern mind before it actually occurred, surprising most right-thinking opponents of the king. This essay will look first at the vast repertoire of regicidal instances in the Bible, which were so embedded in English historical memory, and second, will explore the ways in which these biblical instances were woven into constitutional arguments about the abolition of monarchy.
An Interview with David Hayman
Authors: Gillespie Michael Patrick
Published: February 2012

David Hayman has been a well-known name in Joyce studies for half a century. A survey of his work delineates the evolution of major critical approaches to Joyce’s writing and mirrors the epistemological changes that have shaped the way we now understand the canon. To a large degree, textual studies, now a central feature in interpretations of Joyce’s work, came into existence and certainly gained legitimacy through Hayman’s pioneering efforts. Many of the critical commonplaces that we take for granted as we discuss Joyce’s texts grew out of Hayman’s work. Hearing his descriptions of his development as a Joycean, a term with which he has a certain uneasy relationship, gives us a sense of the rich heritage that we enjoy, and it helps us understand how the work of critics like Hayman, Hugh Kenner, Fritz Senn, Edmund Epstein, and many others made possible the ongoing critical achievements of subsequent generations of Joyceans.
Soap Advertisements and Ulysses : The Brooke's Monkey Brand Ad and the Capital Couple
Authors: Kil Hye Ryoung
Published: February 2012

The advertising of soap products and particularly the Pears Soap ad were in the vanguard of British imperial progress and its civilizing mission in the late-nineteenth century. Joyce parodies the Brooke's Soap Monkey Brand ad by creating a fantasy scene for Bloom and his lemon soap in "Circe." The Brooke's campaign was provocative because its soap-monkey claimed to be an empire-builder but actu­ally represented the oppressed and dangerous classes. Furthermore, before the company's production facilities were moved to England, Monkey Brand soap was advertised in America and was concerned with cleansing powers rather than civilizing ones. Several aspects of Joyce's handling of the Monkey Brand ad are significant, including Bloom's momentary recollection of the British Pears ad in "Lotus-Eaters," the lemon soap in "Circe" singing like the soap-monkey in the American Monkey Brand ad, and the identification of the lemon soap as the Irish "Barrington's" in "Ithaca." The depiction of the capi­tal couple of Bloom and the lemon soap challenges British imperial commodity culture founded on the division between the civilized and the savage. Bloom demonstrates an odd case of being both dominated (Jewish-Irish) and civilized (clean).
The Use of "Pishogue" in Ulysses : One of Joyce's Mistakes?
Authors: Mahoney Paul O
Published: February 2012

This essay contends that Joyce's two uses of the Anglicized Gaelic word "pishogue" (in Gaelic, piseog ) in Ulysses are a mistake and that the correct term would have been the similar but distinct Gaelic word "piteog." In support of this claim, I examine the contexts in which the word occurs, other common or recorded uses of "pishogue," and the French translation of Ulysses , on which Joyce collaborated.
Democratization, 1919, and Lawyer Advocacy for a Japanese Jury
Authors: Flaherty Darryl
Published: February 2012

In 1919 the Japan Lawyers' Association condemned public procurators as "officials run amok" in a widely circulated public report. A corruption investigation known to history as the Pig Box Incident brought "devil procurators" to the fore and stirred the voluntary association to action in the cause of establishing a jury system. In its campaign, the association's leadership held out two hopes: juries would check the procurator's power and connect the public with the courts. Observers hoped that juries would democratize Japan. In the events after 1919, none of these dreams was realized.
Kyrgyzstan's Latest Revolution
Authors: Collins Kathleen
Published: February 2012

In April 2010, Kyrgyzstan experienced another "revolution," the latest of the postcommunist "color revolutions." The authoritarian regime fell and transitional leaders began a new democratic transition. The 2010 events illustrate the importance of agency and strategic learning in causing authoritarian collapse and initiating democratization. Prodemocratic activists and party leaders, who had learned from both the successes and failures of the 2005 "Tulip Revolution," mobilized popular discontent to topple President Bakiev's regime. They ushered in a democratic constitution and widespread liberalization and held Kyrgyzstan's freest-ever elections. However, political violence, especially politically motivated ethnic conflict, corruption, and calls for superpresidentialism threaten democratic deepening.
Strife and Secession in Sudan
Authors: Medani Khalid Mustafa
Published: February 2012

In January 2011, South Sudan voted to declare the independence. This article argues that the impending emergence of two new nation-states has been influenced by two developments: the rise of political Islam and the failure of democratization, and flaws with the implementation of the 2005 peace agreement. Drawing on the literature on secession and conflict resolution, the article focuses on the probability of renewed civil war following the secession of South Sudan. It outlines a framework for identifying the potential for future civil conflict, and offers an analysis of potential scenarios following the partition of the country in July 2011.
China and East Asian Democracy: Is CCP Rule Fragile or Resilient?
Authors: Pei Minxin
Published: February 2012

Abstract:
Is the PRC’s authoritarianism resilient or decaying? The answer to this question will depend on whether the CCP’s post-Tiananmen strategy of relying on economic growth and political repression continues to prove effective despite social and economic conditions that have changed drastically during the past two decades. The principal reasons for the CCP’s survival since Tiananmen have been robust economic performance and consistent political repression. Although it is true that the CCP may have improved its political tactics, its survival for the last two decades would have been unthinkable without these two critical factors—economic performance and political repression.
Turkey Under the AKP: The Kurdish Question
Authors: Updegraff Ragan
Published: February 2012

Abstract:
Turkish state policy toward the Kurds, the Republic of Turkey’s largest ethnic minority, has evolved from denial and mandatory assimilation to cultural recognition to acknowledgement of the Kurds’ contested status as a political problem demanding political solutions. The election of 36 Kurdish-nationalist lawmakers, most of whom now sit in parliament as representatives of the Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), bolsters the salience of Kurdish nationalism and the need to accommodate it through normal politics rather than attempt to suppress it through violence. How state authorities and politicians handle the Kurdish question will continue to say much about both the success of Turkey’s efforts at democratic consolidation and, more generally, the potential for democracy to manage problems involving self-conscious and mobilized national minorities dwelling within the borders of strong and highly centralized nation-states.
Gender, Professionalization, and the Child in the Progressive Era: Patty Smith Hill, 1868–1946
Authors: Allen Ann Taylor
Published: February 2012

This article discusses the career of Patty Smith Hill, a major figure in the American kindergarten movement, in the context of the Progressive Era in American history. Hill, an educator and child-welfare activist, became known both as a reformer of early-childhood education and as an advocate of the inclusion of the kindergarten, originally a private institution, in public-school systems. The article acknowledges this as one of the most significant achievements of the woman-led reform movements of the Progressive Era, but at the same time notes that it involved a substantial transfer of power from the women who had originally developed the kindergarten to the male principals and superintendants who now supervised kindergarten teachers, often without much understanding of their distinctive methods and aims. As a professor at Columbia Teachers College, Hill also exercised an international influence. Hill's career exemplifies broader patterns of women's professionalization during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries.
"Give the Ladies a Chance": Gender and Partisanship in the Prohibition Party, 1869–1912
Authors: Andersen Lisa
Published: February 2012

In the nineteenth-century Prohibition Party, American women ascribed new gendered meanings to party work traditionally performed by male partisans, and also drew upon their gendered roles as women, mothers, and wives to create new partisan strategies. This article investigates the political culture that sustained a remarkable departure from traditional Democratic and Republican practices, and further explores why women's contributions to the Prohibition Party declined in the early-twentieth century. In so doing, it traces how gender and gender roles shaped the meaning of party and politics, and elucidates the interplay between institutions, constituencies, and policy during one of America's most tumultuous political eras.
Was Age the Decisive Criterion of Subordination Among the Amoraim?
Authors: Cohen Avinoam
Published: February 2012

The present study will argue that, throughout the Babylonian Talmud, the age of a scholar was the major factor determining the hierarchical relationship between two amoraim. The younger scholar always conducted himself as subordinate to the older, bowing to his halakhic authority, even if the younger scholar held a higher position, such as head of an academy. The talmudic sources do not reveal the ages of amoraim in general, not to speak of the age of a specific amora engaged in debate with a subordinate amora. To support my thesis, therefore, it was necessary to rely on cumulative evidence (including circumstantial and statistical evidence). In such arguments, the weight of each datum is not necessarily decisive, but the combination of all data presented possesses cumulative, probabilistic weight, leading to a single conclusion. At any rate, it appears that no factor other than age can convincingly explain my findings. The article will also briefly address the possibility suggested recently by some scholars that the facts described in the Talmud—in particular with regard to the present subject—are not historical but rather fictitious.
About "Speaking" that Is not "Saying": A Survey of Verbs of Speech Production in Mishnaic Hebrew
Authors: Shemesh Rivka
Published: February 2012

The verb class of saying in Mishnaic Hebrew contains numerous verbs covering varied areas of meanings. This paper will discuss one type of verbs of saying-verbs of speech production that denote a basic act of saying-the production of verbal content by a person. Part One will define the terms "saying" and "speaking" and clarify the place of verb class of speech production within the larger group of verbs of saying. Part Two will discuss the use of the six verbs of speech production in Mishnaic Hebrew: [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /]. An examination of the deployment of these verbs shows that of the six verbs in the group, three occur less frequently and that the verbs are used in halakhic rather than narrative contexts. The stock of verbs in the group is very scanty in comparison to the parallel biblical group: no new verbs of speech production beyond those found in the Bible can be found in Mishnaic Hebrew, which lacks about half of the verbs of speech production that appear in the Bible. Part Three will discuss the syntactic frame of the verbs of speech production, which has been found to be different from the general syntactic frame of verbs of saying, with regard to both complements and adverbials.
"Even the Dogs in the Street Bark in Hebrew": National Ideology and Everyday Culture in Tel-Aviv
Authors: Helman Anat
Published: February 2012

Reviving Hebrew in the Land of Israel was a major Zionist goal. Tel-Aviv's municipal government tried to enforce the use of Hebrew as the single public language of the city, as did "The Battalion of the Defenders of the Hebrew Language," a voluntary youth organization. Hebrew became Tel-Aviv's formal and main language, but the use of other languages was not eradicated, revealing a gap between the ideological consensus and everyday reality in an immigrant society.
From Tiberias to Meḥoza: Redactorial and Editorial Processes in Amoraic Babylonia
Authors: Hayman Pinchas
Published: February 2012

The literary history of amoraic material-its formulation, editing, and transmission from one amoraic academy to the other-is a central issue in talmudic research. These processes are highlighted in amoraic dialogue segments, which are generally longer and more involved than apodictic material. Amoraic dialogue material from the Land of Israel as presented in the Babylonian Talmud constitutes the best sample for study of these editorial phenomena, since their inclusion in the Babylonian corpus required special editorial processes. The Bavli contains thirty-three sugyot of disputation dialogue between R. Yoḥanan ben Nafḥa and R. Shimʿon b. Laqish, set in the format of [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] which form the single largest body of amoraic dialogue material from the Land of Israel in the Babylonian Talmud. Clearly, these segments have been edited for inclusion in the Bavli, since the editorial terminology [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] is Babylonian Aramaic. Previous scholarly research has pointed to a special relationship between the teachings of R. Yoḥanan and the Amoraim of Meḥoza, especially Rava bar Yosef bar Ḥama. In this article, the author studies the Babylonian editing of the R. Yoḥanan-R. Shimʿon b. Laqish dialogue segments in the [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="03i" /] format in light of their parallels in the Yerushalmi, and identifies Rava and his fourth and fifth generation colleagues in Meḥoza as the primary editors, to whom the terminology [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="04i" /] can be attributed
The Priest, the Woman, and the Jewish Family: Gender and Conversion Fears in 1840s France
Authors: Joskowicz Ari
Published: February 2012

In 1844, the Jewish physician Lazard Terquem received a Catholic baptism on his deathbed in Paris. His Jewish relatives and various Jewish leaders challenged this conversion, claiming that the barely conscious man had been baptized against his will. While the affair began as a scandal about a man, the Jewish press quickly turned its attention to the earlier conversion of Terquem's wife and daughters. The ensuing controversy—which also extended to several other female conversions from Judaism—quickly turned into a general debate on the weakness of the Jewish woman and the threat of seduction by Catholicism and Catholic clergy. Jewish activists who warned against these threats were not just appealing to their coreligionists' fears about the survival of the Jewish collective, however. Inspired by the works of contemporary anticlerical writers such as historian Jules Michelet, they also invoked a secularist vision which depicted privatized religion practiced within family as the foundation of the nation. With this vision in mind, those Jews who drew upon Michelet's language asserted that the conversion of Jewish women was a threat not just to the Jewish collectivity but also to French society as a whole. As they did so, they clearly positioned themselves within the French liberal camp, while simultaneously employing anticlerical and gendered visions of domesticated religion in order to reinforce the boundaries between Judaism and Catholicism. At the same time, using anticlerical tropes in their campaigns against proselytism allowed Jewish men to champion their ideas about proper gender roles and female domesticity.
The Genesis of Gender Transgression
Authors: Lefkovitz Lori Hope
Published: February 2012

Inasmuch as Creation, the work of developing ever more refined distinctions, is necessarily a matter of drawing boundaries, sculpting the mess of the pre-formed world, the chaos, the "tohu va-vohu," the primal, planetary mud into units of meaning, Adam and Eve acquire self-definition by losing their unity with God, planet, and one another. The unstated explanation for our need to create identity categories is about our mortality, and that is: Our first stories reveal a quiet desperation to defy the law of entropy that would pull people back to our earthly beginning (and end), the place—the earth from which we came and to which we return—where all cultural distinctions had been, and will again be, effaced.
Globalization and Global History in Toynbee
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: February 2012

This article traces the intellectual history of Arnold J. Toynbee. It centers on early twentieth-century British social thought and its synthesis of idealism and evolution. Toynbee used this framework to interpret imperial and international affairs, and, like his mentors, he focused especially on the unprecedented, progressive possibilities of global integration. With the failure of the Paris Peace Conference, however, Toynbee began to regard globalization as a contradiction between social unity and spiritual disjuncture. A Study of History , his endeavor to bring historical writing into its global present, followed from this opposition, which he sought to explain and hoped to resolve. By the mid 1930s, world events finally overwhelmed Toynbee's commitment to the old conceptual synthesis. He returned to such thinking after World War II, but his brief declaration of methodological limitations illuminated for historical study the antinomy of the global scale.
El mapa de la Relación Geográfica de Zapotitlán (1579): una isla de racionalidad en un océano de empirismo
Authors: Moreno Manuel Morato
Published: February 2012

In the Spanish colonization of America, representation of its territory became a necessity, a process in which a new hybrid style of cartography arose, that mixed Spanish and indigenous conventions as well as new ones, a result of mutual influences between cultures. Most of the maps that indigenous and Spanish mapmakers drew during the sixteenth century did not conform to the cartographic canons used in renaissance Europe. In this large corpus we find an exceptional case with all the characteristics of scientific representation, such as the Spanish royal cosmographers hoped the new overseas territories would be mapped: the map of Zapotitlán. Although this document has been studied by several authors, this paper focuses particularly on the cartographic procedures, with new contributions: an analysis of the representation system used, the extent of area represented, and the determination of scale.
The Interplay of Internal and External Factors in Grammatical Change: First-person Plural Pronouns in French
Authors: King Ruth , Martineau France , Mougeon Raymond
Published: February 2012

In contemporary spoken European French, on meaning 'we' is the predominant first-person plural variant, having largely supplanted its competitor, nous . There is, however, considerable debate as to whether the domination of on is the result of fairly rapid change in the late nineteenth/early twentieth centuries or whether there is actually a robust tradition of on usage going back several centuries. In this article, we trace the trajectory of first-person plural pronominal variation over four centuries of usage and investigate the role of both linguistic and extralinguistic conditioning factors, an analysis based on data from plays and parodic dialogues, metalinguistic commentary (by grammarians, lexicographers, and philologists), and naturalistic data (sociolinguistic interviews). The study not only involves quantitative and qualitative analysis of on and nous usage, the variants typically considered in the literature, but also focuses on the use of je in combination with the first-person plural ending - ons , a lower-class variant not sufficiently taken into account in earlier studies. We show that a shift toward dominant on does take place in the latter half of the nineteenth century in lower-class speech, but on is not adopted by the upper classes until the twentieth century. Further, the lower class does not move directly from je to on but rather passes through an intermediate stage wherein nous is the dominant variant, a transition interpreted as part of a general shift toward greater analycity in the pronominal system. We show that for much of the period under study, on is primarily associated with unrestricted reference, taking over in restricted reference contexts only as the change accelerates. We then compare variation and change in European French to what has obtained in both conservative and innovative New World varieties, varieties with closely related grammars but that differ with regard to their history and to the sociolinguistic settings in which they are spoken. This comparison allows further testing and confirmation of the analyses put forward for European French.
Object agreement and ‘pro-drop’ in Kerinci Malay
Authors: McKinnon Timothy , Cole Peter , Hermon Gabriella
Published: February 2012

Kerinci is a group of grammatically diverse Malayic varieties spoken in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. This article focuses on a previously undescribed dialect of Kerinci, spoken in the village of Tanjung Pauh Mudik (TPM). Many Kerinci dialects have developed a morphological alternation in root-final syllables as a result of stress-related diachronic changes. In TPM, as in Sungai Penuh Kerinci (described by Steinhauer and Usman (1978), inter alia), lexical roots surface in two forms, termed ‘absolute’ and ‘oblique’, which differ in the phonological shape of their final syllable. These forms exhibit a wide array of grammatical properties that differ considerably between dialects. We focus on the function of this unique marking in the verbal domain, and argue that the oblique form marks agreement with a nominal complement. Our analysis explains why TPM, a language that retains the morphological properties of the traditional Malay voice system, unexpectedly appears to permit the extraction of nonsubject arguments from active clauses, contradicting the predictions of theories that causally link symmetrical voice morphology and a ban on nonsubject extraction from vP (e.g. Keenan 1972, 1979, Rackowski & Richards 2005, Cole et al. 2008).We argue that apparent cases of nonsubject extraction do not involve movement, but that the apparently moved argument is generated outside of vP and binds a phonologically null pronoun licensed by the oblique morphology; thus, we are able to relate TPM’s unexpected syntactic behavior to the availability of the absolute/oblique marking. This analysis has broader consequences for the theory of pro-drop. Neeleman and Szendrői’s (2007) theory of radical pro-drop is unable to differentiate between syntactically projected pronouns (like null objects in TPM) and nonobject pro-dropped arguments in TPM that lack the behavior of a syntactically projected argument. In light of this inadequacy, we put forward an alternative proposal regarding the universal typology of pro-drop.
Between State Power and Popular Desire: Tobacco in Pre-Conquest Manchuria, 1600-1644
Authors: Benedict Carol
Published: February 2012

Tobacco entered Manchuria on the same wave of early modern globalization that brought it from the Americas to other parts of Eurasia in the early seventeenth century. Introduced into northeast Asia sometime after 1600, it began to circulate widely in Manchuria precisely at a time when Hong Taiji (1592-1643) was building the early Qing state. This essay examines Hong Taiji's efforts to criminalize tobacco in the 1630s and 1640s, arguing that these prohibitions were largely directed at gaining state control over a valuable economic resource. However, within the commercialized milieu of seventeenth-century Liaodong, a region with ties to broader transregional circuits of trade, tobacco's lucrative profits and its pleasurable allure simply overpowered state efforts to monopolize it. As in most other early seventeenth-century Eurasian societies, the Qing tobacco bans quickly gave way to legalization and taxation.
Think Global, Act Local: Expanding the Agenda for Media Literacy Education in the United States
Authors: Domine Vanessa
Published: February 2012

The phrase "think global, act local" is used to frame the macro efforts of information literacy worldwide alongside the localized, grassroots efforts of media literacy education in the United States where there exists a complex and contradictory relationship among government, technology industry, and educational practices. This article marries the global (macro) push for information literacy with the localized (micro) efforts at media literacy education in the United States and identifies emergent tensions and challenges associated with the production of information literate citizens within an educational system that is disconnected from the highly mediated lives of students outside of school. As a microcosm of this struggle, the article chronicles the emergence of the National Association for Media Literacy Education (NAMLE).
Jonathan Lethem’s The Fortress of Solitude and Omega : The Unknown , a Comic Book Series
Authors: Coughlan David
Published: February 2012

Jonathan Lethem’s long-evident interest in comics, for example in his 2003 novel The Fortress of Solitude , culminated in his 2008 reworking of Steve Gerber and Mary Skrenes’s 1976 comic book series from Marvel Comics, Omega: The Unknown . Demonstrating that Lethem’s self-conscious paraphrasing of the prior series is part of a sustained examination of repetitions and relations, this essay shows how the serial nature of comics enables Lethem to address themes of families, legacies, and communities, both in this comics work and in his earlier novel also. It will be argued that The Fortress of Solitude and Omega: The Unknown together read the repeating-but-differing images of the comic book in contrast with the repetitions of the franchised brand to present a sustained critique of capitalist cultures. In all of this, it will be seen, Lethem draws on the idioms and traits of comic books: colors, panels, word balloons, margins, gutters, lines.
Event and Writing: Michael Ondaatje's Ethics of Peaceful Co-existence in Divisadero
Authors: Shounan Hsu
Published: February 2012

In Divisadero Michael Ondaatje presents his ethics of co-existence through his characters' search for inner peace. Along with focusing on the characters' attempts to understand their intentionally or unintentionally suppressed pasts, he draws his readers' attention to the injustices done to socially marginalized people as well as to the neglected natural world. By presenting how a deeper understanding of a past depends upon the production of more resonations with that past, he argues for the endlessness of that production and the need for a constant care for what is excluded from people's representations of reality. Just as the search for inner peace does not come to an end, peaceful co-existence in the world must be based on people's everlasting respect and care for the unknown and their recognition of the interdependence among men, their fellow beings, and the natural world.
Hierarchy and Historicism in Fernando de Orbea's La conquista de Santa Fe de Bogotá
Authors: Hill Ruth
Published: February 2012

The interface of history, social hierarchy and theatre in Bourbon Spanish America is examined in this essay on Fernando de Orbea's La conquista de Santa Fe de Bogotá , which dates from early eighteenth-century Peru. Through a formal and ideological analysis of this tragedy, it becomes clear that Orbea intended to convey an emotionally-charged and highly stylized version of the Conquest that would also address the Bourbon "conquest" of the Spanish Habsburg throne during a pivotal period in the history of the Monarquía .
Odebí, el cazador : Del tabú a la transgresión
Authors: Cordones-Cook Juanamaría
Published: February 2012

Odebí, el cazador (1982), a play by Eugenio Hernández Espinosa, dramatizes a patakin , the Afro-Cuban myth of santería of Ochosí de Mata. Following Wole Soyinka's theories of dramatic creation based on the merging of Yoruba myths and rituals with Western Christian traditions, Hernández Espinosa creates a hybrid play blending African and European linguistic, musical, dance, and other cultural components. This essay takes into consideration a cluster of theories on ritual — Soyinka, Turner, Eliade and Campbell — as it explores the journey of a mythic hero in a metaphorical confrontation between man and cosmos, as symbolic representation of the conflict between the protagonist and the moral order and his destiny.
Des/Memoria histórica y performance de identidad en La pequeña historia de Chile
Authors: Hernández Paola
Published: February 2012

With a blend of irony and sarcastic humor, Marco Antonio de la Parra exposes his audience to a nostalgic way of thinking about Chile's new image as a postdictatorial country. In La pequeña historia de Chile , history teachers of a forgotten school reconsider the issues of historical memory, culture, identity and the future of their society in a place where a neoliberal economy has blinded the recent generations. This essay analyzes the role of memory, history and the identity of Chile and its citizenry within the framework of globalization theories.
A mulher que comeu o mundo : dramaturgia do ator e multiplicidade da cena
Authors: Icle Gilberto
Published: February 2012

This article analyzes the process of creation of the play A mulher que comeu o mundo , from the Brazilian group Usina do Trabalho do Ator , in which the author of this paper is also the actor and director. There are many aspects to be considered in this text about the process of creation, such as the concept of actor as playwright or the dramaturgy of the performer and their effects on the scene. It also intends to discuss the differences and similarities between two versions of the same play (on stage and on street) and to analyze the function of the director as well as the ideas about the autonomy of art and of the actor.
Prisoners on the Great White Way: Short Eyes and Zoot Suit as the First US Latina/o Plays on Broadway
Authors: Lucas Ashley
Published: February 2012

The first two Latina/o-written and directed plays on Broadway were Miguel Piñero's Short Eyes in 1974 and Luis Valdez's Zoot Suit in 1979. Both plays use Latino prisoners as their central characters. Though the reception of the two plays in the popular press differed, with Short Eyes receiving glowing praise and Zoot Suit largely dismissed, the critics used the same rubric to judge them: the plays were overtly evaluated in terms of received notions of cultural authenticity and criminality. Ultimately, the commercial success of Short Eyes and Zoot Suit 's failure on Broadway both had to do with the ways in which New York critics registered the playwrights' differing representations of racialized criminality.
Una cubana in the Borderlands: Teresa Dovalpage's La hija de la Llorona
Authors: Caballero I. Carolina
Published: February 2012

In La hija de La Llorona , Teresa Dovalpage ushers in the latest development in Cuban theater written in the US. Lacking in the nostalgia and politics characteristic of exile theater, Dovalpage represents an emerging transnational identity through her protagonist Caridad that more accurately mirrors the relationship of recent Cuban émigrés to their homeland and adopted country. To this end, the Llorona folktale is re-envisioned and the Southwestern US becomes a contact zone where a Cuban balsera , her traditional Mexican-American mother-in-law and a liberal Puerto Rican friend bond in their shared experiences as women and mothers despite their divergent cultures and histories.
Phoenix in Guillermo Reyes's Places to Touch Him
Authors: Foster David William
Published: February 2012

Guillermo Reyes is one of the most important contemporary Chicano dramatists, as much for his ingenious use of language as for his perceptive and unflinching treatment of gay male culture as it affects Chicano men. Reyes is particularly attuned to the urban culture of the American Southwest, and the bulk of his plays focuses on the urban implications of Chicano life, which include issues of gay life. While the majority of Reyes's plays are set in Los Angeles, which has experienced in recent decades an important accommodation of visible gay life, Reyes's 2002 play, Places to Touch Him , is situated in the greater Phoenix area, where Reyes lives. Phoenix, while it has a measure of visible gay life, presents significant differences relative to Los Angeles, and this is no more apparent than in the matter of political fortunes for openly gay men (and women). This article discusses how Places engages with the particular parameters of gay life in a U.S. city like Phoenix.
Sueños que danzan en el agua. Mestizas y mayas en el teatro de Conchi León
Authors: Hernández Ileana Azor
Published: February 2012

More than a decade ago, Yucatán playwright, director, and actress Conchi León appeared on the Mexican theatre scene, contributing voices originating in ancestral wisdom. From the perspective of contemporary art and aesthetics, as informed by the work of Nelly Richard, Néstor García Canclini, Jacques Rancière, and Walter Mignolo, among others, this article demonstrates the manner in which her plays have transcended traditional Yucatan drama, especially through a commitment to sustainability and social progress. León's artistic voice allows for marginalized voices to find a place on the stage as part of an "urgent theatre" that characterizes her long and varied career in Mérida and beyond. (Article in Spanish)
"Sexo, drogas y reggaetón": lectura de HP (Hans Pozo) , de Luis Barrales
Authors: Opazo Cristián
Published: February 2012

In this essay I offer a reading of HP (Hans Pozo) (2007), by Luis Barrales (Chile, 1978). My purpose is to describe the main rhetorical strategies through which the text discusses the place of the marginal boy in the politics of desire in post-dictatorship culture (beginning in 1990). This exercise is based on three questions: How does Barrales' writing represents the marginal boy's body? How does this representation rewrite texts of the Chilean literary canon? And, why does the marginal boy's anatomy seduce playwrights and critics? (CO, Article in Spanish)
Dramaturgia hipertextual: ensayando la frontera
Authors: Galicia Rocío
Published: February 2012

Departing from the theoretical concept of hypertextual theatre espoused by playwright, critic, and scholar Enrique Mijares, this essay describes the singular characteristics that grant a sense of unity to the hundreds of plays that have been written in the northern part of Mexico since the mid-90s in response to a reality that defies conventional dramatic representation. Taking examples from plays by Jesús González Dávila, Víctor Hugo Rascón Banda, Virginia Hernández, Medardo Treviño, and Enrique Mijares, among others, Galicia confirms a new conceptualization of theatre that breaks away from linearity and binary oppositions. In response to and under the influence of constant changes in science and technology, the Teatro del Norte resorts to such techniques as intertextuality, hyperlinks, videoclips, multi-faceted characters, polysemy, and fragmentation to convey the disorder and instability that reigns throughout the region.
El teatro de Buenos Aires en el siglo XXI: pluralismo, canon “imposible” y post-neoliberalismo
Authors: Dubatti Jorge
Published: February 2012

With a focus on the theatre that has been produced in and exported from Buenos Aires during the first decade of the current milennium, the author proposes that the only possible canon in our globalized, heterogeneous, hybridized world is a canon imposible that recognizes and respects plurality and uniqueness. Within a macropolítica that includes the Postdictatorship and post-neoliberalism, the teatro comunitario serves as one notable example of the move in current Argentine theatre from resistance to transformation and social construction. Ricardo Bartís’s and Rafael Spregelburd’s work abroad and Daniel Veronese’s work both abroad and in commercial theatre are used to suggest esthetic and ideological changes, the effects of globalization, and the creation of an international audience for Argentine theatre. Finally, the analysis of Romina Paula’s El tiempo todo entero , Manuel Santos Iñurrieta’s Crónicas de un comediante , and Julio Molina’s Curupayty. El mapa no es un territorio —complemented by personal interviews with the dramatists and directors—confirms the ongoing shift in the theatre of Buenos Aires toward pluralism and transnationalism. (JEB, article in Spanish)
Enabling Aztlán: Arturo Islas Jr., Disability, and Chicano Cultural Nationalism
Authors: Minich Julie Avril
Published: February 2012

Drawing from disability theory and Chicana/o feminist and queer theory, this essay argues that the novels The Rain God and Migrant Souls by Arturo Islas Jr. produce a vision of Chicana/o community that circumvents the exclusions on which cultural nationalisms are often predicated. Even as both betray uneasiness with Chicano nationalism, they embrace the drive toward community that lies at the core of nationalist impulses. Moreover, their vision of community finds expression through images of disability. The novels therefore provide an opportunity to contemplate how disability might modify and expand the construction of concepts like nation, family, and community.
"May I Trespass on your valuable space?": Ulysses on the Coast
Authors: Pearson Nels C.
Published: February 2012

This essay moves beyond questions of national identity and symbolic national territory in Ulysses by shifting the focus to the novel's coastal setting. It argues that Joyce strategically employs this setting to expose the economic and political mechanisms that have conspired to postpone Ireland's reciprocal engagement in the European interstate system, resulting, culturally, in a perpetual disruption of what Frantz Fanon called "international consciousness." This essay situates these observations in the context of recent critical arguments about the ways in which the opposing discourses of nationalism and cosmopolitanism obscure the pragmatic challenges of sustainable internationalism and egalitarian statehood in the developing world.
"I live in this world, too": Octavia Butler and the State of Realism
Authors: Menne Jeff
Published: February 2012

This essay argues that science fiction (SF) is now the genre hosting the strongest form of realism, and that this is not at odds with the claim that SF is a preserve for the utopian impulse. Using Octavia Butler's Parable novels, this essay shows that, because today's mainstream of realist discourse is already shot through with unacknowledged utopian language, SF is an "epistemologically self-conscious" mode of representation because it avows its utopian effects. Though heavily stylized, Butler's Parable novels are best read as efforts to construct the real history of the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Unrest.
Mythical Returns: Televising Thérèse Raquin
Authors: Griffiths Kate
Published: February 2012

Television is not an obvious home for Zola's novels. Its spatially-restrained aesthetic crops Zola's sweeping vistas and the repetitions inherent in its serial structures have led some to query its artistic endeavour. However, France 3's La Liberté de Marie (2002), an adaptation of Zola's Thérèse Raquin (1867), written and directed by Caroline Huppert, counters both assumptions. It underlines the compatibility between Thérèse Raquin and the medium of television in spatial terms. The adaptation does not return to the detail of Zola's text, but, through its exploration of myth, it echoes Zola's belief that originality lies in the innovative re-telling of an age-old story in a new context.
Who Belongs to Whom?: Codes, Property, and Ownership in Madame Charles Reybaud's "Les Épaves"
Authors: Enz Molly Krueger
Published: February 2012

French Romantic writer Madame Charles Reybaud explores the coupling of gender and race by depicting the legal restrictions imposed upon married women and slaves in her novella "Les Épaves" (1838). Both groups have a lack of power and are treated as inferior in a colonial, patriarchal society. This article examines the parallels between Madame Éléonore de la Rebelière, the Creole wife of a Belgian plantation owner, and Donatien, a former slave. They are both subordinated by Monsieur de la Rebelière: Donatien because of being a mixed-race épave and Éléonore because of her status as a married, Creole woman.
Balzac's Algeria: Realism and the Colonial
Authors: Bell Dorian
Published: February 2012

Frequently mentioned but almost never shown, Algeria haunts the margins of the Balzac's La Comédie humaine in unexamined ways. This article considers the epistemological and representational stakes of that absent presence. Algeria, I argue, exposes a number of fissures in a nascent Balzacian realism. Functioning as a metonym and repository for the tendency over time of class encounters to produce unclassifiable results, the colony works to contain—and exacerbate—a creeping breakdown in signification at the heart of the Balzacian project. It also figures the limits of the spatial poetics so key to Balzac's panoramic ambitions. All of this, I conclude, symptomizes a basic disjuncture between the colonial periphery and realism's capacity for representing it, and helps explain the relative paucity of colonial settings in Balzac's work and in that of his realist inheritors.
“A Feeling that You’re Helping”: Proxy Decision Making for Alzheimer’s Research
Authors: Dunn Laura B. , Hoop Jinger G. , Misra Sahana , Fisher Stephanie R. , Roberts Laura Weiss
Published: February 2012

Surrogate (proxy) decision makers must make research decisions for people with dementia who lack decision-making capacity. Proxies’ decision-making processes are minimally understood. We randomly assigned 82 proxies of AD patients to informed consent for one of three hypothetical protocols with differing levels of risk and benefit. Proxies answered questions about potential benefits of the described research to the patient and society, as well as about whether they would enroll their relative and why or why not. Proxies interested in enrolling their relative cited the potential for direct benefit to their relative, altruism, and trust in researchers. Those declining cited risks, inconvenience, and stage of illness. Proxies weighed numerous factors, incorporating both substituted judgment and best interests standards in their decision-making processes. Although further empirical work is needed to understand the influences on and adequacy of proxies’ decision making regarding research, these findings can help inform policy regarding surrogate consent.
The Context of Humanism
Authors: Colebrook Claire
Published: February 2012

In a critical theory milieu that claims to be "after theory" or "post-theory," an often unchallenged assumption is that poststructuralism destroyed the possibility of reading texts in contexts. New Historicism, pragmatism, and (more recently) literary Darwinism have reacted against "theory" by returning texts to the context of life and politics. Such restorative maneuvers foreclose the possibility of a genuinely critical account of the genesis and force of contexts. The received idea of deconstruction or poststructualism as "ahistorical" or "textualist" needs to be reexamined in order to formulate a theory of context and text adequate for twenty-first-century modes of textuality. I draw upon the work of Gilles Deleuze and Jacques Derrida to provide a more considered theory of context.