bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Significance of Lymphadenectomy and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients with Stage I and II Endometrial Cancer
Authors:   Russian Scientific Centre of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Antonova I.B. , Aleshikova O.I. ,   Russian Scientific Centre of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Riger A.N. ,   Russian Scientific Centre of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mamurova G.A. ,   Russian Scientific Centre of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

Objective of the Review: To present the advantages and disadvantages of LAE and SLN biopsy and to discuss the possibility of using SLN biopsy in all patients with early endometrial cancer. Key Points. For years, lymphadenectomy (LAE) has been a standard procedure which allowed determining the extent of neoplastic process and therapy in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). However, this procedure is very traumatic; besides, it does not impact the overall and disease-free survival and is associated with negative postoperative consequences. Introduction of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy made it possible to improve the rate of metastases detectability and to avoid LAE in patients with negative SLNs. For this review, we have analysed publications in Pubmed, UpToDate, Embase, and Cochrane Library for the period from 1998 to 2020. Pelvic LAE (both individual and in combination with para-aortic lymph nodes dissection) is still widely used in patients with an intermediate or high risk of lymphatic cancer spread. However, more and more specialists tend to believe that SLN is a more sensitive diagnostic method with a minimal rate of false negative results, allowing to single out best candidates for LAE. The high sensitivity of the method and absence of any negative consequences make it suitable for all patients, irrespective of the risk group. Conclusion. SLN biopsy is an optimal diagnostic method to identify the neoplastic process stage and a management strategy. However, all advantages and disadvantages of LAE and SLN biopsy should be analysed thoroughly taking into account the diagnostic significance of each method. Keywords: endometrial cancer, sentinel lymph node biopsy, lymphadenectomy, immune histochemical test.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Method of Express Genetic Typing of Patients with Uterine Leiomyoma: An Example of Three Genetic Polymorphisms
Authors:   V.I. Kulakov National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kuznetsova M.V. , Svirepova K.A. ,   V.I. Kulakov National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sogoyan N.S. ,   V.I. Kulakov National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Nikiforova A.I. ,   DNA-Technology LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation, Trofimov D.Yu. ,   V.I. Kulakov National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

Study Objective: To assess the efficacy of methods for DNA gene typing (direct sequencing and two variants of real-time PCR) for routine analysis of large groups; to compare the prevalence of genotypes of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in groups of women with uterine leiomyoma (with a separate analysis of a group with a family history of the disease) and in controls. Study Design: comparative study. Materials and Methods. Subjects were divided into groups using the case-control principle. DNA gene typing results for two groups of patients were analysed. Also, we analysed prevalence of genotypes in study group (patients with uterine leiomyoma) and in controls (patients without a history of uterine leiomyoma and a family history of the disease). The primary method used for genotyping was direct sequencing with genotype imaging. On the second stage, we tested two different PCR-based genotyping methods. Study Results. Patients with uterine leiomyoma were subject to genotyping using three single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3020434, rs124577644, rs12637801) in ESR1, FBN2, and KCWMB2 introns. We have identified significant differences in prevalence of genotypes between the study group and controls. Polymorphism prevalence is statistically different between patients with leiomyomas, controls and women with a family history of the disease. It is demonstrated that the use of the two variants of real-time PCR testing instead of direct sequencing speeds up results; these methods are a less expensive and less labour-intensive tool for genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in large groups. Conclusion. Real-time PCR testing can be used for express and efficient analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with uterine leiomyoma. Both methods (PCR genotyping with the use of oligonucleotide probes and analysis of high-resolution melting profiles) tested in this paper make it possible to get unambiguous results in 97–99% of samples. Keywords: uterine leiomyoma, single nucleotide polymorphisms, family proneness.
APPLICABILITY OF POLYMER BUILDING MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT AND COST REDUCTION IN SRI LANKAN BUILDING INDUSTRY
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Wijeratne S.D. , Devapriya K.A.K. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Gallage S.D. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

Building construction contributes to a substantial consumption of raw materials compared to other sectors in Sri Lanka. Despite the excessive consumption of raw materials, industry is suffering due to low productivity and economic inefficiency. Thus, the circumstance has led to employ alternative building materials to overcome productivity and cost inefficiency with favourable impacts on sustainability. Polymer has become a global phenomenon with increasing demand as sustainable alternative. Polymer facilitates multiple applications in building construction due to its supreme properties and characteristics. Thus, this research focused develop a quantitative model based on factors related to productivity enhancement and cost reduction to measure the applicability of polymer materials in Sri Lankan building construction. A mixed approach consisting of semi structured interviews followed by a questionnaire survey was adapted for conduct this study. 12 experts were selected for the semi structured interviews and 34 respondents participated for the questionnaire survey. The significance of favourable impact to the productivity and cost efficiency of using polymer materials have been identified in the study. The study discussed the applicability of polymer types in building sector in Sri Lanka and derived resulted in a quantitative model to measure applicability of polymer adoption in the terms of productivity and cost related factors. Study concluded that inherent properties of polymers, buildability, ability to prefabricate, life cycle cost, handling would improve the applicability to local context. Further, relationship identified through the regression model would assist practitioners to select polymer materials while enabling researchers to improve the quality of the products.
BARRIERS IN PRACTICING LIFE CYCLE COSTING TECHNIQUES EXPERIENCED BY SRI LANKAN QUANTITY SURVEYORS
Authors:   School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, UK, Sandaruwan I.P.T. , Chandanie H. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Janardana J.A.B. ,   School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Published: November 2021

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is a tool, which can evaluate all the building-related costs over a specified period of time, as mentioned in the agreed scope. Though there are number of benefits, LCC practices of consultants in the building industry are claimed to be weak. Hence, the aim of this research is to investigate barriers in practicing LCC techniques experienced by Sri Lankan quantity surveyors. Accordingly, a mixed approached was followed in data collection through a questionnaires survey and a series of expert interviews. However, in Sri Lanka, building construction consultants are not practicing the LCC concept to a greater extent. This research identified, lack of awareness on the LCC tool by employers and practitioners, lack of knowledge on LCC and lack of previous data as the major barriers for practicing LCC techniques in local context. It was suggested that enhancing the practice of LCC through conducting various awareness programme on LCC concept, build up and maintain the proper database and introducing user friendly tools, applications, calculations methods, guidelines and regulations, will lead to avoid above mentioned barriers, which will ultimately enhance the proper practice of LCC concept in the Sri Lankan quantity surveyors.
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INSTRUMENTS RELATED TO INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN SRI LANKA
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Wijerathna B.V.M.K. , Abeynayake M.D.T.E. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

The construction industry is required to improve sustainability to increase the rapid growth of the economy of Sri Lanka. The Central Environmental Authority (CEA) has introduced Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) survey, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), and Environmental Protection License (EPL) as environmental protection instruments that have been correlated with construction projects. To interrupt the smooth performance of the EIA, IEE, and EPL, many challenges have been associated with these procedures. The research problem was approached through six preliminary interviews to refine the identified challenges and issues related to EIA, IEE and EPL with their processes within the Sri Lankan context. Based on the preliminary interview results, forty questionnaires were distributed to investigate the level of significance of the challenges and issues with regard to EIA, IEE, and EPL related to development projects. For this research, mixed research approach is used. Collected data were analysed in terms of statistical analysis and content analysis using NVivo 12 software respectively. The analysed data were revealed different issues of EIA, IEE, and EPL instruments in Sri Lanka. Especially challenges related to regulatory bodies were identified. According to the research, there were many adverse effects due to the ineffective implementation of environmental protection regulatory instruments. Similarly, it revealed that issues were affected to the time, cost, and quality of the construction projects. Ultimately, it provided proper guidance for implementing EIA, IEE, and EPL instruments and the necessity of implementation of a post-monitoring mechanism for environmental protection instruments.
COVID-19 AND INFORMAL LABOUR IN CONSTRUCTION: A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS OF WEBINAR DISCUSSIONS
Authors:   Department of Quantity Surveying, University of Vocational Technology, Jayalath C. , Somarathna K.K.G.P. ,   University College of Batangala, Sri Lanka
Published: November 2021

Many countries after a remarkable spike in COVID-19 cases, opted to lockdown and quarantine curfew that restricted the movement of people. Construction is one of the main sectors experiencing a clear impact due to COVID-19. As a significant growth driver of the economy, the domestic construction industry employs nearly one million of the population directly in various trades. Unfortunately, almost every project has been severely hampered. It is, therefore, prudent to address the impact of the pandemic on construction labour at the outset and end of the crisis to prepare for any future challenges or opportunities that it may undergo. This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the construction industry's survival and possible measures to be taken in both the short and the long run. This paper summarizes using a narrative analysis of the key takeaways of 15 webinar discussions on the COVID-19 impact and outlook of the construction sector in Sri Lanka. The impacts and fallouts have been addressed by key industry personnel. The study found the most prominent impacts of COVID-19 are the suspension of projects, labour impact, and job loss, time overrun, cost overrun, and delay in payments. The findings of this study shed light on the consequences of the sudden occurrence of a pandemic and raise awareness of the most critical impacts which cannot be overlooked. The findings also help project stakeholders prepare for any future worst-case scenarios.
DISPUTE AVOIDANCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PROCUREMENT METHODS: A CONCEPTUAL FOCUS
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Senarath P.A.N.B. , Francis M. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

Disputes are unavoidable in construction projects due to their complex characteristics and involvement of different parties, which can interrupt the smooth construction process. Hence, proper dispute avoidance strategies need to be implemented to avoid disputes beforehand. On the other hand, the previous researchers suggested that there is a link between disputes and procurement methods. Therefore, the current research investigates the disputes in the construction industry from the perspective of different procurement methods. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify the available procurement methods in the construction industry, disputes and dispute avoidance strategies and the features of the procurement methods from the perspective of disputes. Firstly, a total of fifty-two key research papers on the research area were employed to review. The literature findings revealed that the industry has moved towards collaborative approaches from the traditional procurement method with higher dispute frequency because as per the findings the likelihood of disputes seems less in the projects procured under collaboration. It further revealed that the inherent features of collaborative approach such as teamwork, relationships and mutual understanding give less prosper towards disputes. Therefore, the findings of the review conclude that the selection of collaborative procurement method at the early stages of a project can reduce the possibilities of disputes from the perspective of procurement methods.
DYNAMIC SUPPLY CHAIN CAPABILITY ANALYSIS OF HONG KONG-ZHUHAI-MACAO BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION: A TOPIC MODELING APPROACH
Authors:   Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Ekanayake E.M.A.C. , Shen Geoffrey Qiping ,   Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kumaraswamy Mohan M. ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Xue Jin ,   Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Published: November 2021

Prefabricated construction as a preferred construction approach instigated significant technological advancements in construction supply chains in Hong Kong (HK). The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) was a milestone prefabricated construction project which was successfully constructed using these industrial advancements. However, the project itself was a great challenge as it was highly vulnerable to disruptions due to complex supply chain processes. In this regard, increased resilience could be the key to boosting project performance through enhanced Supply Chain Capabilities (SCCs), where identifying SCC dynamics becomes essential. Therefore, this study employed the Topic Over Time Modeling approach to detect critical SCCs using 1,748 unstructured official documents on the HZMB from 2003 to 2018, which spans the period from project design to handover. The popularity trend analysis of texts enabled identifying the six most critical capabilities associated with each construction phase of planning, construction and handover. Thereafter, an ex-post capability evaluation map was developed by considering the popularity trend of capabilities and their relevance to different project phases. Industry practitioners would benefit from prior knowledge of SCCs and their dynamic impact on each project phase to prioritize initiating them adequately and appropriately, targeting value-enhanced-resilient supply chains in ex-ante decision-making of future prefabricated infrastructure development projects. Further, the text-mining research approach unveils to academia, an effective and novel mechanism to extract dynamic empirical clues from a large unstructured set of documents in construction SCC analysis research.
OPERATIONAL ENERGY SAVING IN BUILDINGS: A COMPARISON OF GREEN VS CONVENTIONAL WALL
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Madushika U.G.D. , Ramachandra T. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Zainudeen N. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

The green wall concept has been introduced as one of the solutions to reduce energy demand for ventilation requirements while improving the natural vegetation in dense urban areas. Past studies revealed that the energy-saving of green walls can vary substantially, from 35% to 90% across countries such as United Kingdom (UK), Canada, Russia, Greece, China, Saudi Arabia, India, and Brazil. Given these differences in energy saving of green walls due to climatic conditions and other reasons, direct application of such findings to the Sri Lankan context is questionable. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the thermal performance of green wall applications in Sri Lanka through a case study analysis of an indirect green façade with a comparative conventional wall. The required data were extracted through on-site temperature measurements from different points of both the exterior and interior wall surfaces of each building in different time intervals per day for a period of fourteen days spanning from October to November. The analysis shows that the green walls contribute to 21% - 36% of temperature difference compared to the conventional wall. Eventually, this results in 0.06 kWh of energy-saving per m2 of wall area, and thereby green walls contribute to the 80% energy saving for ventilation requirements. Hence, the study recommends that the use of green walls can be considered as one of the energy efficiency solutions while improving natural vegetation in tropical climatic cities and absorbing other benefits of green walls.
OPTIMISING VALUE DURING CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE ACCELERATION
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Silva W.P.M. , Gunatilake S. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Fasna M.F.F. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

Construction Schedule Acceleration (CSA) can affect not just the time but many other project aspects. During a CSA, there can be many impacts having significant effects on the project value. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of considering quality, productivity and functionality at a CSA along with cost and time. The aim of this research is, therefore, to investigate how value can be optimised during a CSA process. A qualitative research approach was adopted. Altogether, ten semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interview data were transcribed and analysed using a manually performed content analysis. This study has revealed types of CSA based on the purpose (delay minimising purpose or non-delay minimising purpose) and the party who initiates it. Cost, quality, functionality, productivity and profitability were identified as main value considerations during a CSA other than time. Applicability of value management (VM) job plan stages and Earned Value Management (EVM) indicators during different CSA stages to optimise value were also found. Finally, these findings were mapped in a framework to show how VM and EVM concepts could be used in enhancing value during a CSA. The framework conceptualises the relationship between “value” and CSA and how it varies upon distinct parties of a construction project during different stages and types of CSA. The proposed framework can be used as a guidance for optimising the value during the stages of a CSA.
PENGARUH PEMBIAYAAN MUDHARABAH DAN PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH TERHADAP TINGKAT PROFITABILITAS (ROE) BANK UMUM SYARIAH
Authors: Enden Sihabudin  , Wirman
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh Pembiayaan mudharabah dan pembiayaan musyarakaherhadap tingkat profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah Indonesia. Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan enam bank umum syariah Indonesia yang ada dalam quarterly finanancial report Bank Syariah Indonesia Tbk tahun 2015 hingga 2019 ata.Analisis yang digunakan merupakan  analisis regresi berganda, pengujian hipotesis klasik serta pengujian signifikansi . Hasil penelitian ini Pembiayaan Musdharabah memiliki dampak negatif yang signifikan terhadap profitabilitas pengembalian ekuitas dan Pembiayaan Mudharabah berdampak positif terhadap profitabilitas Roe
RESILIENSI EKONOMI RUMAH TANGGA MUSLIM YOGYAKARTA MASA ADAPTASI PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Muhammad Misbakul Munir
Published: November 2021

Pandemi covid-19 merupakan pandemi global, dampak ekonomi bagi rakyat Indonesia sangat serius, satu diantaranya yang terdampak adalah masyarakat Yogyakarta. Fenomena menarik bagi penduduk di kota pelajar tersebut dimana kreatifitas masyarakatnya untuk bertahan ditengah himpitan kebutuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini berusaha mengetahui upaya para pelaku usaha rumah tangga dalam menghadapi pandemic global tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan studi kasus dengan menjadikan beberapa pelaku usaha rumah tangga sebagai sumber data primer penelitian, sedangkan data sekunder dari informasi-informasi pendukung terkait penelitian yang dilakukan baik dari interview, pengamatan maupun sumber-sumber Pustaka ataupun penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kreatifitas pelaku usaha rumah tangga semakin menguat dengan mengikuti perkembangan yang ada. Setidaknya, ada tiga langkah dilakukan. Pertama, menggunakan media online untuk pemasaran produknya baik melalui whatsapp, Instagram, facebook dan platform lainnya. Kedua, penguatan komunitas pelaku UMKM maupun pelaku usaha rumah tangga terutama melalui group-group media social. Ketiga, Kolaborasi antar pelaku usaha. Hasil temuan penelitian menjelaskan bahwa pelaku usaha rumah tangga muslim Yogyakarta berusaha tetap survive meski dalam segala keterbatasan yang ada. Hal ini menunjukkan modal utama resilensi ekonomi adalah kreatifitas dan bersinergi.
ETIKA BISNIS MIYANG NELAYAN MUSLIM DESA KANDANGSEMANGKON PACIRAN LAMONGAN
Authors: Mahmudatur Rofi'ah
Published: November 2021

Profesi nelayan dikenal dengan profesi yang memiliki ketidakpastian pendapatan sehingga mempengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi dalam menjalankan bisnis penangkapan ikan seperti yang dilakukan oleh nelayan desa Kandangsemangkon Paciran Lamongan. Strategi yang dilakukan oleh nelayan desa Kandangsemangkon adalah penerapan etika bisnis didalam kegiatan bisnis nelayan yang dinamakan etika bisnis miyang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis etika bisnis miyang dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan nelayan dalam perspektif etika bisnis Islam. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara dengan nelayan yang berkaitan dengan etika bisnis miyang. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa etika bisnis miyang yang diterapkan oleh nelayan desa Kandangsemangkon memiliki kesesuaian dalam perspektif etika bisnis Islam yang didalamnya terdapat lima prinsip yaitu prinsip keadilan, kepercayaan, kebebasan, kejujuran dan kebahagiaan yang bertumpu pada Al-Qur’an dan Hadits mampu merubah tingkat kesejahteraan nelayan buruh di desa Kandangsemangkon, Paciran, Lamongan
Some transformations and physicochemical properties of new S-substituted 5-thiophene-(3-ylmethyl)-4R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols
Authors: Хільковець А. В.
Published: November 2021

Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are widely represented in modern organic chemistry. A special place among the huge number of substances presented is occupied by derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole due to their uniqueness and prospects. In recent years, these derivatives have remained the object of close attention of both synthetic chemists and researchers engaged in the search for new biologically active substances of a wide spectrum of action, the synthesis of optical materials, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, veterinary drugs, etc. It is known from the literature that the combination of the aromatic heterocycle of thiophene and 1,2,4-triazole is a promising area for research. The result of such combinations is a number of compounds obtained with fairly high yields and a wide range of activities. Thus, further chemical modification of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives by additional administration of a typical thiophene pharmacophore is an urgent task.

The aim of the study is to obtain new compounds in a number of S-substituted 5-thiophene-(3-ylmethyl)-4R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols and study their physico-chemical properties using complex analysis methods.

The study of the physical and chemical properties of the compounds obtained was carried out according to methods that meet the standards of the state pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The synthesis of new compounds was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The previously obtained 5-thiophene-(3-ylmethyl)-4h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and 5-thiophene-(3-ylmethyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol were used as starting compounds. Preparation of thioethanones was performed in an alkaline medium in the presence of methanol. The acids were obtained in an alcohol-alkaline medium with the addition of monochloroacetic acid. To obtain esters, two conventional methods were used. The first method is based on the alkylation in an alkaline-alcohol medium of the starting thiols with isopropyl ester of monochloroacetic acid. The second method is the classical esterification reaction. To confirm the structure and study of the physical and chemical properties, all the resulting compounds were crystallized.

As a result, some new compounds that were not previously described were obtained, namely: thioethanones, thioacetamides, thioacetic acids, thioacetates, and a number of other thiopo-derivatives of these initial compounds. The structure and individuality of the obtained molecules were confirmed by elemental analysis (CHNS), IR and 1H NMR spectra.

A number of new S-derivatives of 5-thiophene-(3-ylmethyl)-4R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols have been obtained. The physical and chemical properties of the obtained compounds are determined and their structure is confirmed using modern analysis methods. Some compounds will be transferred for further research.
Febre de origem indeterminada: relato de um diagnóstico inesperado
Authors:   Médico de Família, Antunes Cristiana Santos , Figueiredo Mariana Costa ,   Médico de Família, Bacalhau Filipe Fernandes ,   Médico de Família, Silva Francisco Ferreira ,   Médico de Família, Amador Maria Esmeralda Covas ,   Médico de Família, Duque Luís Miguel ,   Médico de Família
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A síndroma de febre de origem indeterminada (FOI) clássica é definida pela presença de temperatura corporal superior a 38,3 °C com duração superior a três semanas, sem diagnóstico definido, apesar de investigação apropriada durante três consultas em ambulatório ou três dias em internamento hospitalar. Implica a realização de uma avaliação criteriosa pelo médico de família, da qual deve resultar uma marcha diagnóstica adequada. Entre as múltiplas etiologias possíveis, a infeção pelo vírus de imunodeficiência humana (VIH) é uma entidade a ter em conta, nomeadamente na presença de fatores de risco para a mesma. Descrição do Caso: Mulher de 47 anos, raça caucasiana, com antecedentes pessoais de neoplasia do colo do útero submetida a conização há quatro anos. É fumadora, sem hábitos alcoólicos ou toxicofílicos conhecidos. Divorciada, integra uma família monoparental desde 2005, sem vida sexual ativa há cerca de oito anos. Recorre a consulta de doença aguda por quadro de mal-estar geral, cansaço, febre de predomínio vespertino e tosse seca com várias semanas de evolução. Após as primeiras etapas de investigação, a etiologia mantinha-se indeterminada, apesar da recorrência dos sintomas. Perante o quadro clínico de síndroma de FOI foi realizada investigação etiológica mais alargada, da qual se destaca serologia positiva para VIH-1. A utente foi referenciada para consulta de infeciologia e medicada com antirretrovirais e terapêutica dirigida a pneumocistose, uma doença definidora de síndroma de imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA). Este diagnóstico teve um impacto profundo a nível pessoal, familiar e social, com necessidade de seguimento em consulta de psicologia e psiquiatria. Comentário: A investigação etiológica da síndroma de FOI neste caso clínico conduziu a um diagnóstico inesperado de SIDA, o que sensibilizou a equipa clínica para a importância do rastreio atempado de VIH, para a correta abordagem da síndroma de FOI e para a importância do acompanhamento longitudinal pelo médico de família, de acordo com o diagnóstico estabelecido.
A rare case of rhino-orbito-maxillary mucormycosis having no common signs and laboratory findings but no visible morbidity
Authors: Khare Aarti Mahesh , Nemane Sachin Tukaram , Javade Prashant Shridhar , Narkhede Yogesh Pralhad , Parti Punita A.
Published: November 2021

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by omnipresent fungi called Mucorales of class Phycomycetes. It mainly occurs in immunocompromised patients, and only early diagnosis with medical and surgical intervention remains the gold standard in managing it. Here, we present the case of a patient contracted with mucormycosis post his COVID-19 infection involving the rhino-orbito-maxillary area. The patient presented to our hospital with dental pain a month after his discharge. Since the mucormycosis cases were at a peak in this period, our team of doctors did a thorough examination of the patient, which revealed dental and ophthalmologic abnormalities. No clinical necrotic eschar in the palatine or nasal cavity was diagnosed, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a typical COVID-19 mucormycosis infection. Accordingly, prompt treatment with systemic amphotericin B was started. However, as the patient declined surgical intervention, we feared the worst outcome, which to our surprise showed no adverse progression.
Unmasking of miliary tuberculosis in COVID-19: A case report
Authors: Guliani Astha , Lalwani Lokesh Kumar , Gupta Krishan Bihari , Gupta Prem Parkash , Raj Vishal
Published: November 2021

Both coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are transmitted through the respiratory route and are related to various risk factors. The index case was a 45-year-old female who presented to a tertiary care hospital in North India with complaints of dry cough, loss of weight, and appetite for twenty days followed by fever and dyspnea for five days. RT-PCR for COVID-19 turned out positive. Chest-roentgenogram revealed bilateral homogenous micronodules. She was started on COVID-19 treatment according to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare guidelines. She was not clinically improved so CECT-thorax was performed which revealed bilateral homogenous millet-shaped micronodular opacities. Mantoux test was twenty-five millimeters in size but sputum analysis for acid-fast bacilli was negative. The patient was started on anti-tubercular-therapy (ATT). The patient got improved clinically and is being followed. This case focuses on the need for prompt diagnosis of PTB in COVID patients for the appropriate management and early recovery.
Az Bilinen Bir Konu ‘İdiyopatik Kronik Pelvik Ağrı’: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Authors: SİVRİKAYA Pınar , HOCAOGLU Cicek
Published: November 2021

Kronik pelvik ağrı (KPA) özellikle üreme çağındaki kadınları etkileyen önemli sağlık sorunlarından biridir. Jinekolojik, ürolojik, nörolojik, gastrointestinal, kas-iskelet sistemi gibi çok sayıda sistemden kaynaklanabilen KPA’nın ayırıcı tanısında güçlükler yaşanabilir. Tıbben açıklanamayan idiyopatik kronik pelvik ağrı (İKPA) psikolojik nedenlere bağlı ortaya çıkabilir. Oldukça sık rastlanmasına rağmen İKPA’nın etiyolojisi, klinik görünümü, seyri ve tedavi yaklaşımı ile ilgili bilgiler kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışmada depresif yakınmalarla başvuran ve İKPA tanısı ile izlenen 43 yaşındaki kadın olgu literatür bulguları ışığında sunulmuştur. Hastanın İKPA yakınmaları ile sık sık hastane başvurularının olması dikkat çekicidir. Klinisyenlerin tıbben açıklanmayan İKPA’nın psikiyatrik yönü konusunda duyarlı olmaları önemlidir.
One-Bath Dyeing and Finishing Process of Polyester Fabrics
Authors: GÜLŞEN BAKICI Gamze , DOBA KADEM Füsun
Published: November 2021

Simultaneous dyeing and finishing processes of 100% polyester fabrics with disperse dyestuff were carried out using exhaust dyeing method (high temperature method). A finishing chemical was added with different concentrations into dyeing bath. Fabrics were evaluated with respect to hydrophility, volumetric resistivity, colour measurement, soil-releasing test and fabric performance tests like bending strength, crease recovery, air permeability, thickness. It is concluded that samples dyed with 4% chemical is statistically different than reference sample in terms of hydophility and volumetric resistivity and samples dyed with 6% chemical is different than reference sample in terms of bending strength, crease recovery and air permeability. Samples dyed with 4% chemical have miminum colour difference according to reference sample and also have miminum colour difference after soil release test for soil 1 and soil 2. However samples dyed with 6% chemical have minimum colour difference for soil 3.
Population Fluctuation of Disonycha teapensis Blake (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn. (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico
Authors: Córdova-¬Ballona Leonides , Rincón-¬Ramírez Joaquín A. , Lagunes-¬Espinoza Luz del C. , De la Cruz-Pérez Aracely , Moscoso-¬Ramírez Pedro A. , SÁNCHEZ SOTO SAÚL
Published: November 2021

Objective: To establish the population fluctuation of Disonycha teapensis adults and larvae and to determine its relationship with the amount of damaged foliage, temperature, and precipitation.
Methodology: The study was carried out in a n=48 Crotalaria longirostrata plant crop. The following data was recorded every week: number of adults and larvae, damaged leaflets percentage, plant phenology, temperature, and precipitation. Based on these data, monthly averages were calculated, and correlation analysis were performed between the population fluctuation of D. teapensis and the fluctuation of the damaged foliage percentage, temperature, and precipitation.
Results: All the phenological stages of C. longirostrata were affected by the pest, which showed a constant population growth. The population fluctuation resembled the fluctuation of the damaged foliage percentage, with a significant positive correlation between both variables. Regarding temperature and precipitation, the correlation was negative but not significant; therefore, the relationship between population fluctuation and these climatic factors is not clear.
Study Limitations: It was not possible to conduct the study for a full year.
Conclusions: The population development of D. teapensis depends on the increase in the amount of foliage of its host plant. This insect attacks plants in all their phenological stages and the amount of damaged foliage is considerable.
Yapı Kayıt Belgeli Yapılara Verilen Güçlendirme İzni
Authors: KASAPOĞLU TURHAN Mine
Published: November 2021

Deprem kuşağında yer alan Türkiye, geçmişte meydana gelen büyük depremler nedeniyle çok acı tecrübeler yaşamıştır. Deprem doğal bir afet olarak kaçınılmaz olmakla birlikte, depremle mücadele için gerekli adımların atılması durumunda, can ve mal kayıplarının önüne geçmek mümkün olabilir. Yapıların güçlendirilmesi de depreme karşı alınması gereken tedbirlerdendir. Önemli olan güçlendirmenin depremden sonra değil, depremden önce yapılmasıdır. Bu nedenle, idarenin kolluk yetkilerini kullanarak gerekli denetimleri zamanında yapması gerekir. 14.02.2020 tarihli ve 7221 sayılı Kanun’la İmar Kanunu’na eklenen geçici 21. madde ile yapı kayıt belgesi verilen yapıların güçlendirilmesine imkân tanınmıştır. Bu düzenlemeye göre, yapı kayıt belgesi verilen yapılarda, ilave inşaat alanı yaratmamak koşuluyla, 634 sayılı Kat Mülkiyeti Kanunu’na göre güçlendirme izni alınarak güçlendirme yapılabileceği düzenlenmektedir. Yapı kayıt belgesi ile afet risklerine hazırlık kapsamında, 31.12.2017 tarihinden önce yapılmış olan ruhsatsız veya ruhsat ve eklerine aykırı yapıların kayıt altına alınması ve imar barışının sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Yapının yeniden yapılmasına veya kentsel dönüşüm uygulamasına kadar geçerli olan yapı kayıt belgesi, yapı sahibinin beyanı esas alınarak verilmiş ve belge verilmeden önce yapının mevcut durumuna ilişkin olarak hiçbir denetim yapılmamıştır. Üstelik bu yapılarla ilgili olarak İmar Kanunu uyarınca alınmış yıkım kararları ile tahsil edilemeyen idari para cezaları iptal edilmiş ve geçici olarak su, elektrik ve doğalgaz bağlanması suretiyle, bu yapıların kullanımına da izin verilmiştir. Bu yüzden, bu yapılarda yapı güvenliğinin sağlanması oldukça önemlidir. Geçici bir çözüm olsa da, güçlendirme ile, bu yapıların depreme dayanıklı hale getirilmesi ve böylece can ve mal kayıpları yaşanmasının önüne geçilmesi mümkün olabilir. Bu çalışmada, yapı kayıt belgesi kavramı ve hukuki niteliği, güçlendirme kavramı, güçlendirme kapsamında olan yapılar, güçlendirme izninin kapsamı ve koşulları, güçlendirme izninin hukuki niteliği, güçlendirme izninin iptali konuları idare hukuku boyutuyla ele alınacaktır.
FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP DIVIDEN PAYOUT RATIO
Authors: Putri Yulia Isnaini , Samrotun Yuli Chomsatu , Dewi Riana R
Published: November 2021

This study aims to examine and analyze the factors that influence the dividend payout ratio in manufacturing companies in various industry sectors and the basic & chemical industry sector. The population of this research is 17 manufacturing companies in various industry sectors which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2016-2018. With a total sample of 51 and this sampling technique uses a purposive sampling method. Testing the hypothesis of this study using multiple linear regression. The independent variables in this study are profitability (ROA), liquidity (CR), leverage (DER) and earnings per share (EPS). Whereas the dependent variable is the dividend payout ratio (DPR). The results of this study indicate that profitability (ROA), liquidity (CR) and earnings per share (EPS) affect the dividend payout ratio, laverage (DER) does not affect the dividend payout ratio.
Early Pregnancy Failure: Medical versus Surgical Management
Authors: Begum Nasima , Akhter Shahnaz , Laila Luna
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Misoprostol is increasingly used to treat women who have a failed pregnancy may be due to blighted ovum (anembryonic gestation), incomplete abortion, missed abortion, inevitable abortion in the first trimester. Medical treatment with Misoprostol is an alternative to conventional surgical treatment. Use of Misoprostol is simple, highly acceptable, noninvasive and preferred by women. In addition to surgical risk and patient's preference, medical evacuation reduces the need for hospital stay and the overall management cost.
Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of Misoprostol for evacuation of uterus in early pregnancy loss and to compare the result with surgical evacuation.
Materials and Methods: It was a prospective randomized study conducted on 50 patients at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Border Guard Hospital, Dhaka during the period from February 2018 to July 2019. Here 25 patients received Misoprostol as medical treatment and 25 patients received surgical treatment.
Results: Of the 25 women assigned to receive Misoprostol, 19(76%) had complete expulsion by 24 hours and 22(88%) by 7 days. Complete evacuation after 1st dose was 68% and after 2nd dose 88%. Misoprostol treatment failed in 3(12%) cases and required surgical evacuation. Among the respondents 80% women stated that they would use Misoprostol again if the need arises.
Conclusion: Medical treatment with Misoprostol is a cheaper alternative to surgery. Given its success rate near about 88% with mild side effects controllable with additional medication and above all patient’s satisfaction, it should be prioritized over the evacuation curettage in patients who meet the treatment criteria.
JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 63-67
Determination of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width in Patients with Primary Cutaneous Vasculitis Compared to Systemic Vasculitis
Authors: Wahab Farhana , Uddin Mohammad Jamal , Asaduzzaman ATM , Hena Chowdhury Mohammod Abu , Mahmud Hasan , Nasim Rehnuma
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been considered as an inflammatory marker in various disorders. Evaluation of RDW value can also be used as a novel and additional marker for differentiating systemic vasculitis from primary cutaneous vasculitis. Objective: To compare RDW value between patients with cutaneous vasculitis with systemic vasculitis, thereafter to find out it's role as an effective indicator to distinguish both forms of vasculitis.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conduct between from July 2016 to December 2017. Total of 48 patients were divided into primary cutaneous vasculitis and systemic vasculitis. Blood was collected in EDTA tube to measure RDW value. Patient’s disease activity also scored and plotted according to Birmingham vasculitis activity score. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS.
Results: Significantly high mean RDW were found in patients with systemic vasculitis compared to primary cutaneous vasculitis (15.09±0.92 vs. 13.48±1.1, p = 0.000). BVAS was significantly greater (13.93±5.10 vs. 4.87±2.69, p = < 0.001) in systemic vasculitis as well as in patients with high RDW group (11.73±5.71 vs. 5.37±3.96, p = < 0.001). Optimal RDW cut off point for differentiating systemic vasculitis from cutaneous vasculitis was 14.2 with 81.3% sensitivity and 81.2% specificity.
 Conclusion: Present study revealed importance of RDW monitoring along with disease activity in patients with any form of vasculitis. Systemic vasculitis had higher level of RDW. So RDW can be considered as a marker to discriminate systemic vasculitis from primary cutaneous vasculitis.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 84-89
Outcome of Preterm Labour in SSMC Mitford Hospital, Dhaka.
Authors: Manjari Mamata , Ghosh Lipika , Khatun Rokhshana , Akter Jahanara , Ibn Sina Md Mohim , Rahman Mohammad Mizanoor
Published: November 2021

Introduction: : Preterm birth as a consequence of preterm labour is the major clinical problem associated with perinatal mortality, serious neonatal morbidity and moderate to severe childhood disability and two-thirds of all perinatal deaths. Moreover, preterm labour comprises a large number of low birth weight babies. Global incidence of preterm labour is 5-10% of all births. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile and to find out pregnancy outcomes of preterm labour.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from January 2005 to December 2005. A total 103 gravid women who got admitted with established premature labour pain were included as study patients. Preterm labour associated with severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, antepartum haemorrhage and intrauterine fetal death were excluded. Data were collected in a pre-designed questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: Incidence of preterm labour was found 6.3%. Among maternal morbidities, puerperal sepsis found to be highest (14.56%) followed by UTI (7.77%), PPH (6.80%), wound infection (5.83%) and retained placenta (3.88%). This study found perinatal mortality 32.0% and morbidity 49.5% of which RDS contributed highest (24.27%) followed by neonatal jaundice (11.65%), septicemia (8.73%), neonatal convulsion (2.91%) and umbilical sepsis (1.94%).
Conclusion: Preterm labor followed by preterm birth significantly contributes to maternal morbidity and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 143-146
Teacher-Student Relationship in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department in Different Medical Colleges of Bangladesh
Authors: Taslima Kazi , Kabir Talukder Md Humayun
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Teacher-student relationship is very important element in education to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning process. There are multiple factors affecting this relation. If we analyze these factors and take measures to improve these, there will be better relation; and teaching learning will be improved.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out in obstetrics and gynaecology department of selected medical colleges of Bangladesh. Five government & three non-government medical colleges were selected purposively situated both in Dhaka and outside during the period of July 2017 to June 2018. Total 170 students and 30 teachers were responded through self-administered semi-structured questionnaire with five points Likert scale. 20 teachers were responded through in-depth interview schedule. Quantitative data analyzed by SPSS version 19. Qualitative data analyzed manually.
Results: Study revealed that multiple factors were related to the relation among medical teachers and students. Mutual respect, empathy, Good listening skill, mutual respect, sharing expectation, self-disclosure, awareness about own role are the most important influencing factors in this relation (mean score >4). Use of drugs/tobacco, speech difficulty, love affair of students, negatively affect communication. Study also revealed barriers of relation fear and shyness, language barrier and discrimination of students by the teachers. Friendly relationship, open minded behavior, student- teachers cooperation, open discussion, morality and religious practice, motivation of by teachers, understanding each other’s, avoidance of student’s politics, responsibility of students & teachers, teachers training with reduced workload have great impact on removing these barriers.
Conclusion: Addressing these issues at all possible levels, proper measures should be taken to improve relation among teachers and students; so that teaching learning process can be enhanced and ultimate goal of medical education can be achieved.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(2): 165-168