bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Language Origin Paradigms: Conceptual Typologies, Results Accumulation, and Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Rozov Nikolai S.
Published: September 2022

Studies of the origin and early evolution of language are undergoing rapid development. New directions, topics and methods of research are appearing. It becomes necessary to structure the research field, as the formation of a single space of intellectual attention contributes to a more productive communication between different groups of scientists, better mutual understanding, and strengthened arguments. The article proposes the grounds for typologizing the concepts of the origin of language and identifies three main paradigms on the basis of these typologies. The sharpest disputes are between Continualism (“human language is only quantitatively different from animal language”) and Saltationism (“human language is so fundamentally different from the communicative systems of animals, that it could only appear as a result of some amazing leap or unique mutation”). Continualists usually focus on the communicative and cognitive abilities of different species (with a clear preference for apes). Saltationists focus on the linguistic, mental and cognitive structures of humans. Both of these polar approaches are opposed by the Multistage ecosocial paradigm, which emphasizes a long, multistep process of glottogenesis with behavioral adaptations of hominid groups to the changing natural and social conditions of their existence. A list of the most plausible, theoretically substantiated propositions is given, as well as research results supported by a variety of circumstantial data. The theoretical and methodological perspectives of the multistage ecosocial paradigm related to overcoming from its drawbacks are presented. A generalizing conceptual framework corresponding to the basic principles of evolution, the laws of social interaction should be constructed. The extremely heterogeneous arsenal of methods should also be structured in a single scientific logic.
In Vitro Comparison of the Effects of Ailanthus altissima and Salvia Nemorosa Extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris
Authors:   Department of Biology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Farazandeh Sepideh , Taghavizad Razieh ,   Department of Biology, Yadegar -e- Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Moghaddam Shiva Khalil ,   Department of Biology, Yadegar -e- Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Published: September 2022

Objective Some plants have antiseptic properties with no harm to humans or animals. In this study, we aim to assess the effects of Ailanthus altissima and Salvia nemorosa extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris in vitro. Methods Ailanthus altissima leaves and flowered branch of Salvia nemorosa were collected and dried in shade and powdered. Their aqueous, hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts were prepared separately from the plants by Maceration method at four concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/mL which were used in Mueller-Hinton Agar culture medium by the well diffusion method. Saponin was extracted was using 20% ethanol. The statistical results were analyzed in GraphPad Prism v.7 software. Results The aqueous extract of Salvia nemorosa was more effective on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mean non-growth halo diameter = 26±1 mm). The diameter of the non-growth halo with Ailanthus altissima methanolic extract was 17.5±0.5 mm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 16.5±0.5 mm in Staphylococcus aureus, and the effect was significant (P<0.0001). Only Ailanthus altissima hydroalcoholic extract had an effect on Proteus vulgaris. High saponin content of two plants increased their effectiveness. Conclusion Aqueous extract of Salvia nemorosa is recommended to inhibit the growth and proliferation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Nutritional and Medicinal Values of Dates (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) From the Perspective of Modern Medicine and Iranian Traditional Medicine
Authors:   Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran., Sedighi-Khavidak Samaneh , Shekarbeygi Narges ,   Department of Islamic Education, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Islamic Education and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Delfani Maryam ,   Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, Iran., Haidar Nejad Froman ,   Department of Theology, Delfan Branch, Payam Noor University, Delfan, Lorestan, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Objective Dates are one of the oldest medicinal foods that contain natural sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, and high antioxidants. There is a wide range of secondary metabolites in dates including anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acid, procyanidin, and sterols. These bioactive compounds have antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and liver protection properties. This study aims to investigate the medicinal and nutritional values of dates in modern medicine and Iranian traditional medicine. Methods In this review study, data were collected from traditional Iranian-Islamic medicine books (Quran, Makhzan-Al-Adviyeh) and all articles published from 2010 to 2021 in the field of clinical trials on humans and common diseases (Gynecological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal inflammation, and brain disorders) and indexed in online databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Ovid, MagIran) using specialized keywords. Results Due to the antioxidant properties (flavonoid and polyphenolic), dates have been recommended for cardiovascular health, fertility, reduction of inflammation, digestive health, and brain health in modern medicine, and for treating weakness, memory instability, fever, pain, nervous disorders, male and female infertility, pertussis, and bladder pain as a sedative, expectorant, laxative, and diuretic product in traditional medicine (Iranian, Greek, Roman, Chinese and Indian). In Quran (Surah Maryam), it has been mentioned that dates fruit strengthens the contractile and cervical muscles in the last months of pregnancy. It also lowers the blood pressure in pregnant women for a short time, which reduces the amount of bleeding during childbirth. Conclusion The results of studies indicate the medicinal and nutritional values of dates in improving the metabolic activities, especially the functions of heart, fertility, digestion, and brain.
Effect of 8 Weeks of Resistance Training Combined With Pomegranate Extract Supplementation on Resting Metabolic Rate, Hypertrophy, and Muscle Strength of Inactive Male College Students
Authors:   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Phychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran., Irani Meysam , Afroundeh Roghayyeh ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Phychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran., Birar Aylar ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Education and Phychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Objective Consumption of pomegranate extract along with resistance training can improve the blood flow, resting metabolism and cause weight loss. However, their effect on body composition and weight control has not been studied. This study aims to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training combined with pomegranate extract supplementation on resting metabolic rate, hypertrophy and muscle strength of inactive male college students. Methods In this quasi-experimental study, 42 inactive male college students voluntary participated after signing a written informed consent form. They were randomly divided into four groups: resistance training (n=11), resistance training + supplementation (n=11), supplementation (n=10), and control (n=10). The resistance training was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and included two movements for the upper body (barbell chest press and barbell shoulder press) and two movements for the lower body (leg extension and leg press with machine). The pomegranate extract was consumed at a dose of 100 mL 3 times a week (half an hour before training). Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance with least significant difference post hoc test and paired t-test considering a significance level of P≤0.05. Results The rate of muscle hypertrophy (hip circumference) increased significantly after intervention in two groups of resistance training and resistance training + supplementation, which was higher in the combined intervention group (P=0.001). The maximum strength in lower body muscles also increased significantly after intervention in these two groups (P=0.001). Body fat percentage decreased significantly in the resistance training + supplementation group (P=0.03). No significant change was observed in the resting metabolic rate of the study groups (P>0.05). Conclusion It seems that the combination of resistance training with pomegranate extract supplementation increases the muscle strength and hypertrophy in young men.
Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise and Pomegranate Juice Consumption on miR-155, miR-21 and P53 in Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Qom University, Qom, Iran., Akbarpour Mohsen , Fahollahi Fazlollah ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran., Muradpourian Mohammad Reza ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad Branch, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Objective Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality among men worldwide and in Iran. This study aims to assess the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and consumption of pomegranate juice on some MicroRNAs and a tumor suppressor protein (P53) in men with prostate cancer. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2021 on 40 men with prostate cancer with a mean age of 61 years who were randomly divided into four groups (10 indivituals): control, exercise, exercise + supplementation, and supplementation. Exercise groups performed aerobic exercises for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each for 60-90 minutes with an intensity of 50-70% of maximum heart rate. Supplementation groups consumed 100 cc of pomegranate juice for 8 weeks, three times per week. Blood samples were taken from the participants 48 hours before and after the implementation of the exercise protocol. Dependent t-test and one-way ANOVA with the least significant difference post hoc test were used to analyze the data, considering a significance level of P≤0.05. Results Eight weeks of aerobic exercise combined with consumption of pomegranate juice caused a significant decrease in serum levels of miR-21 (P= 0.001) and miR-155 (P= 0.001) and a significant increase in P53 protein level in men with prostate cancer.. Conclusion Aerobic exercise and consumption of pomegranate juice simultaneously can reduce miR-21 and miR-155 levels and increase the P53 protein level in men with prostate cancer.
Effect of Milk Thistle Plant on Breast Milk Volume: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Azimi Somayeh , Baraie Bahman ,   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Keykhaei Raziyeh ,   Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Vakilian Roshanak ,   Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Department of Neonatal Health, Tehran, Iran., Hakimi Sevil ,   Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Objective One of the important and common problems of mothers after giving birth is insufficient milk production. To increase it, due to the side effects of chemical drugs that increase milk, medicinal plants have become more popular. In recent years, with the clarification of the need for evidence-based clinical practice, quality and appropriate information is needed. The present study aims to review the results of clinical trials on the effect of milk thistle in increasing breast milk volume. Methods In this systematic review study, the search for the effects of milk thistle in increasing breast milk volume was conducted in Magiran, MedLib, SID, and IranMedex using the keywords milk thistle, silymarin, milky plants. The search for clinical trials was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and ProQuest using the keywords Milk thistle, Silybum marianum, Silymarin Silybin, breast milk production, herbal galactagogues, increase breast milk, and Clinical trial. The publication year was 2005-2020. The criteria for excluding articles were: Unavailability of full texts, irrelevant results, pilot studies, case reports, review studies, and animal studies. Data analysis was done qualitatively. Results Initial search yielded 624 records. Of these, 4 eligible articles with a sample size of 294 were selected and reviewed. All studies showed that milk thistle plant had a positive effect on increasing milk volume. In these studies, no serious side effects from the consumption of this plant were reported. Conclusion Milk thistle plant increases milk production in new mothers. The number of studies in this field is low, especially in Iran, which has a long history in traditional medicine and use of herbal medicine. More studies are needed in this field.
Effect of 8 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise With Cinnamon Extract Supplementation on Arginase and p38 MAPK Levels of Soleus Muscle in Diabetic Rats
Authors:   Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature & Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran., Hoseininejad Ehsan , Valipour Dehnou Vahid ,   Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature & Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran., Ghahramanlou Ehsan ,   College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia., Gorzi Ali ,   Department of Sport Sciences, faculty of Human Sciences, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Objective Recently, there has been a great interest in combined therapies in the treatment of most diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that the arginase enzyme plays a key role in the complications of diabetes; modulation of this enzyme may help reduce the complications of diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise with cinnamon extract supplementation on arginase and P38 MAPK levels in soleus muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes. Methods In this study, 35 eight-week-old male Wistar rats (weighted 200-250 g) were randomly divided into five groups: Control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes + supplement (DS), diabetes + exercise (DE) and diabetes + exercise + supplement (DES). The aerobic exercise was progressively performed for 8 weeks at five sessions per week. The rats in the DS and DES groups received 200 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic cinnamon extract daily by gavage, while those in groups C and DE received water during this period. Forty-eight hours after the intervention, soleus muscle was isolated and enzyme levels were measured. To analyze the collected data, one-way analysis of variance was used and Pearson correlation test was used to examine the relationships between the study variables, considering a significance level of P<0.05. Results The level of arginase enzyme in group D (1.17±0.05) was significantly higher than in group C (0.53±0.08), and its level in group DES (0.67±0.09) was significantly lower than in group D. There was no significant difference in p38 MAPK protein level between any groups. There was a significant positive correlation between blood glucose and arginase enzyme levels. Conclusion The combination of aerobic exercise with hydroalcoholic cinnamon extract supplementation can reduce the level of arginase enzyme. Since many complications of diabetes are associated with an increase in the arginase enzyme level, this intervention can be helpful. The findings of this study about the positive effects of aerobic exercise and cinnamon on the complications of diabetes can pave the way for clinical trials.
Effectiveness of Computerized Working Memory Training on Sustained Attention and Working Memory of Male School Students
Authors:   Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Haqnazari Farzin , Nejati Vahid ,   Department of Clinical Psychology and Health, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Pouretemad Hamidreza ,   Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims Sustained attention and working memory are the intertwined executive functions of the brain. Studies have shown that working memory training induce no far transfer effect to executive functions. Considering the importance of sustained attention in academic and occupational performance, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of computerized working memory (WM) training on sustained attention and WM of male students. Methods Participants were 32 male middle-school students in the eighth grade, who were selected by a cluster random sampling method and assigned randomly to two groups of the training (n=16) and control (n=16). The computerized dual n-back task was used for WM training for 4 weeks at 12 sessions, each for 40 minutes. The computerized continuous performance test and the digit span test (forward and backward) were used for evaluating sustained attention and WM, respectively. The pre-test evaluation was performed one week before and the post-test evaluation was executed one week after the training course. Results After the WM training, the sustained attention (P=0.043) and the backward digit span test score (P=0.033) in the training group were improved significantly compared to the control group, but no significant change was reported in the forward digit span test score (P=0.236). Conclusion Improved sustained attention following WM training indicates the far transfer of the training effect to the sustained attention, and confirms the involvement of sustained attention in the central executive part of WM. On the other hand, no change in short-term verbal memory after training indicates that the mechanism of WM training effect is through strengthening the central executive, not through improving the phonological loop of WM.
Effect of Knee Brace on the Electric Activity of Selected Lower Limb Muscles during Walking in Older Adults
Authors:   Department of Sport Management and Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran., Dehghani Mahrokh , Malek Abadi Arefeh Mokhtari ,   Department of Sport Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran., Jafarnezhadgero Amir Ali ,   Department of Sport Management and Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims One of the treatment methods in the old age is to strengthen the sensory inputs. This study aims to evaluate the effect of knee brace on the electric activity of selected lower limb muscles during walking in older adults. Methods The is a quasi-experimental and laboratory study. Participants were 30 older adults, 15 females (Mean age=62.66±3.84 years, mean height= 159.93±0.02 cm, mean weight= 73.86±11.56 kg, body mass index=28.82±4.17 kg/m2) and 15 males (Mean age= 68.93±5.88 years, mean height=175.07±0.03 cm, mean weight= 81.20±11.07 kg, body mass index= 26.44±3.19 kg/m2). The intervention was the use of a type of brace by restricting knee flexion and extension movements or knee support. Electromyography (EMG) data were analyzed in DataLITE and MATLAB applications using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, and considering the significance level at P<0.05. Results The effects of braces on the electric activity of tibialis anterior, semitendinosus and erector spinae muscles were significantly different in the loading response, mid-stance, push-off and swing phases of walking. The effect of group on the electric activity of anterior tibialis and biceps femoris muscles in the loading response phase and for gastrocnemius medialis and biceps femoris muscles in the push-off and swing phases were significantly different. The interaction effect of group and brace was significant on the electric activity of the gastrocnemius and vastus medialis muscles in the push-off phase, and on the electric activity of the vastus lateralis and semitendinosus muscles in the swing phase. Conclusion The knee brace improves the electric activity of selected muscles during walking in older adults. However, further studies are needed to prove this claim.
Effects of Shoe Lifespan on Gait Kinetics in Women With Knee Genu Varum and Healthy Peers
Authors:   Department of Sport Management and Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran., Anvari Seyyede Maryam , Jaafarnejad Amir Ali ,   Department of Sport Management and Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran., Eskandri Shadi ,   Department of Sport Management and Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims Knee genu varum is one of the lower limb abnormalities associated with biomechanical changes in lower limbs. The present study aims to compare the effects of shoe lifespan on ground reaction force (GRF) components in women with knee genu varum and healthy peers during running. Methods The is randomized clinical trial. Participants were 15 female college students with knee genu varum and 15 healthy peers. A new pair of sport shoes was given to each participant during to wear them for six months. Then, they were asked to run at a preferred speed in three trials with the new shoes (pre-test phase) and three trials with the used shoes (post-test phase) in a path where a force plate was installed. Statistical analysis was conducted by using repeated measures ANOVA. All analyses were done in SPSS v. 23 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The results indicated the significant main (group) effect of shoes on peak anterior-posterior GRF during heel contact and on the anterior-posterior impulse (P<0.018, d>0.8). The values of these variables in the genu varum group were significantly higher than in the healthy group. Moreover, findings showed the significant main effects of shoes on the time to reach the peak GRF during heel strike and on the loading rate (P< 0.02, d > 0.9). The time to reach the peak GRF during heel strike with the used shoes was shorter than with the new shoes (P= 0.015, d=0.9), while the vertical loading rate during running with the worn shoes was greater than with the new shoes (P=0.019, d=0.9). Conclusion Running with shoes having a lifespan >6 months is a risk factor for women with knee genu varum.
Relationship Between Work-Life Balance and Quality of Life in Dormitory and Non-Dormitory Students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Authors:   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shojaei Seyyed Hosein , Kalantari Minoo ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rezaee Mehdi ,   Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Baghban Alireza Akbarzadeh ,   Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims Work-life balance refers to a person’s ability to effectively manage multiple responsibilities at work. Quality of life (QOL) is a person’s satisfaction with values in which they live. This study aims to investigate the relationship between work-life balance and QOL in dormitory and non-dormitory students Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 students (dormitory and non-dormitory) of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, who were selected by a simple random sampling method. They completed the Life Balance Inventory and short form health survey (SF-36) questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS v.18 software. Results The work-life imbalance in dormitory students (34.2%) was higher than in non-dormitory students (20.4%). The mean scores of physical health and mental health summary measures in non-dormitory students were higher than in dormitory students. There was a significant correlation between some domains of work-life balance and QOL (P<0.05). Conclusion Work-life balance, physical health, and mental health of non-dormitory students are higher than dormitory students. Given the relationship between work-life balance and QOL, educational and welfare planning should be made in universities to help improve the QOL of students.
Effect of an 8-Week Internet-Based Aerobic Exercise on the Balance of Older Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran., Ahmadi Malek , Jalilvand Mohammad ,   Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the physical activity of the elderly because these restrictions have forced them to stay at home. This study aims to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Internet-based aerobic exercise on static and dynamic balance of older women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study population consists of all older women in Kermanshah, Iran. Thirty inactive older women participated in the study voluntarily and were randomly divided into exercise and control groups. Static and dynamic balance of participants was measured using stork balance test and timed up and go test, respectively before and after the training protocol. The exercise group performed aerobic exercises provided to them via the Internet on their smartphones, for 8 weeks, three sessions per week. In order to increase the training intensity, the number of movements and repetitions were gradually increased such that the rhythm of aerobic exercises increased from 40 beats per minute to 90 beats per minute in last session. Paired t-test and analysis of covariance in SPSS v. 23 software were used to analyze the data. Results The balance changes from pretest to post-test phase were significant in the exercise group, but not significant in the control group. The internet-based aerobic exercise had a significant effect on static and dynamic balance of older women (P=0.001). Conclusion Performing aerobic exercises provided via the Internet on smartphones can improve the static and dynamic balance of older women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is recommended that older women use Internet-based aerobic exercises to improve their balance skills during the pandemic.
Relationship Between Speech Sound Disorders and Neuropsychological Skills (Language and Attention skills) in Children Mediated by Parenting Styles and Maternal Depression
Authors:   Department of Exceptional Children Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran., Zareie Shamsabadi Nasser , Shahriar Ahmadi Mansure ,   Department of Exceptional Children Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran., Ghasisin Leyla ,   Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Abedi Ahmad ,   Department of Exceptional Childern Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims Speech sound disorder (SSD) is a type of communication disorders in children where normal process of speech sound learning is disrupted. Children with SSD have errors in the expression of speech sounds that can make it difficult for others to understand what they say. The present study aims to assess the relationship of neuropsychological skills (language and attention skills) with SSD mediated by the parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive) and maternal depression. Methods This is an analytical, descriptive, correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). A total of 117 preschool children agef 4–6 years with SSD and their mothers were recruited using a purposive sampling method from among those refereed to speech and language therapy clinics and kindergartens in Isfahan, Iran. The SSD was screened using the test proposed by Ahmadi et al. Conners’ neuropsychological assessment test, Baumrind’s parenting style inventory, and Beck depression inventory were completed by the mothers of children. The data were analyzed in AMOS software using the correlation test, regression analysis, path analysis, and SEM. Results The statistical analysis showed that the correlation of language skills with SSD was significant (P=0.019 <0.05). However, the correlation was not significant when mediated by the parenting styles (P=0.665 for authoritarian style; P=0.306 for authoritative style; P=0.164 for permissive style) and maternal depression (P=0.546>0.05). On the other hand, the correlation of attention skills with SSD was not significant (P=0.361 >0.05), not even after medication by the parenting styles (P=0.686 for authoritarian style; P=0.315 for authoritative style; P=0.849 for permissive style) and maternal depression (P=0.393>0.05). However, in the attention model, the correlation of permissive parenting style with SSD was significant (P=0.026 <0.05). Conclusion Language skills have a significant direct correlation with SSD in children, indicating that the increase of language problems in children can increase their errors in making sounds (phonemes). The attention skills has no significant correlation with SSD even after mediation by the parenting styles and maternal depression. The permissive parenting style has a significant negative correlation with SSD.
Comparing the Electrical Activity of Selected Ankle Muscles in Athletes During Landing from Different Heights
Authors:   Department of Sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Shokrian Farzaneh , Khezry Davood ,   Department of Biomechanics and Sports Technology, Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports‌ ‌Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Matin Homayi Hassan ,   Department of Sports Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Fattahi Ali ,   Department of Sports Biomechanics, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims Ankle injuries are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in atheletes. Proper landing after jumping leads to the preparation for the next skill as well as prevention of various ankle injuries. This study aims to compare the electrical activity of selected ankle muscles in athletes duirng landing from different heights. Methods This is a comparative study. Participants were 15 athletes (Mean age= 18.23 ± 2.3 years, mean height= 183.190 ± 6.3 cm, mean weight= 64.72 ±14.12 kg) with 3-5 years of experience in championship competitions. The landing skill was assessed from different heights (50%, 75%, 100% of maximum jump height). Electrical activity of selected ankle joint muscles (Gastrocnemius and Soleus) was recorded using an eight-channel BIOMED electromyography device with 96.34% validity and 91.29% reliability. Mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of data distribution, and repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the collected data between groups followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results There was no significant difference in co-contraction of medial/lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles after jumping from three different heights. The peak contraction amplitude of the lateral gastrocnemius muscle was significantly different between the heights 50-75% (P= 0.006) and 50-100% (P= 0.002). The peak contraction amplitude of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was also significantly different between the heights 50-75% (P= 0.002) and 50-100% (P= 0.007). The peak contraction amplitude of soleus muscles was significantly different between the heights 75-100% (P=0.013) and 50-100% (P= 0.17). Conclusion There is an increase in the contractile activity of selected ankle muscles in the anterior-posterior plane caused by the increase in jump height and subsequent landing due to the optimal use of appropriate strategies to control the eccentric muscle contraction and the extensor torque of the ankle joint by increasing the electrical muscle activity during the ground contact, resulted in the prevention of injury to the ankle joint. Coaches and athletes can use these results to adopt training methods to strengthen these ankle muscles by considering the optimal implementation of landing skills with an injury prevention approach.
Effect of Combining Cawthorne-Cooksey and Frenkel Exercises on Functional Balance and Fall Risk in the Elderly With a History of Falling
Authors:   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran., Tabatabai Asl Seyyed Mojtaba , Sedaghati Parisa ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims Decreased balance in the elderly is associated with an increase in the risk of falling. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of combining Cawthorne-Cooksey and Frenkel exercises on functional balance and risk of falling in the elderly with a history of falling. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study. Participants were 28 eldery men and women with a history of falls living in nursing homes in Rasht, Iran. They participated voluntarily, were selected based on the entry and exit criteria, and were randomly divided into two groups: exercise (n=14) and control (n=14). The exercise group performed the combined Cawthorne-Cooksey+Frenkel exercise program for six weeks, three sessions per week, each for 60 minutes. The berg balance scale was used to evaluate the functional balance, and the timed up and go test was used for assessing the risk of falling. The paired t-test was used for within-group comparison and the analysis of covariance was used for between-group comparison. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v. 26 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results The results of paired t-test showed that the balance score (P= 0.007) and the risk of falling (P= 0.001) in the exercise group improved significantly after the intervention, while these scores were not significantly improved in the control group. The results of analysis of covariance showed that the two groups were significantly different in balance and risk of falling after the combined exercise. Conclusion The combination of Cawthorne-Cooksey and Frenkel exercises can have a positive effect on functional balance and the risk of falling in the elderly. These exercises can be used to improve balance and reduce falling the vestibular and vision systems.
Employee Performance Impacted by Mental Health and Employee Wellbeing in INGOs Jordan
Authors: Assaf Nasser
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between mental health and employee performance and productivity in INGOs in Jordan. The methodology used is a qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted based on a structured one to one interview method. An inductive narrative analysis method of analyzing interview transcripts was used. The findings show that there was a significant relationship between employees’ job performance and mental health. In the meantime, the study confirmed that INGOs in Jordan don’t put enough effort “in reality and on the ground” to maintain the mental health of their employees although it is, in some times, written in their policies. Based on the results, one can conclude that low mental health level among employees can reduce their performance. Managers should use proper methods to decrease the negative consequences resulted from the lack of mental health in workplaces and senior managers should put in more effort and include the mental health in their strategic and business plans.
Tax Disclosure in Financial Statements: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Pratama Arie , Pratiwi Azzallia Putri
Published: September 2022

Tax disclosure has long been of concern to the public. Corporations provide tax disclosure as part of their financial reporting, whether on a voluntary or mandatory basis. However, the level of tax disclosure is still problematic due to the secrecy aspect of taxation. This research was undertaken to better understand the effects of tax avoidance, good corporate governance, industry regulation, and participation in tax amnesty on corporate tax disclosure. This research used data from 422 public Indonesian companies that had published financial statements in the year 2019. The data were analysed using multiple linear regression. The results reveal a negative relationship between tax avoidance and tax disclosure, with lower tax avoidance leading to higher tax disclosure; a positive relationship between both good corporate governance and tax amnesty and tax disclosure, with better corporate governance and tax amnesty leading to higher tax disclosure; and a negative relationship between industrial regulations and tax disclosure, with increased industrial regulations leading to lower corporate tax disclosure. Overall, this research shows that tax disclosure not only reveals tax activities but also reflects the company’s views on tax compliance.
Developing a maritime cyber safety culture: Improving safety of operations
Authors: Hopcraft Rory , Tam Kimberly , Dorje Palbar Misas Juan , Moara-Nkwe Kemedi , Jones Kevin
Published: September 2022

A rise in catastrophic loss-of-life events as a result of poor safety management (e.g., the capsizing of the Herald of Free Enterprise and the Costa Concordia) has driven the maritime sector to improve its safety management practices. This paper will explore the vital role of the human element within safety management, and why, as part of that safety management, organizations must foster a safety culture. This development must be achieved if organizations are to make a significant step forward in preventing similar catastrophes in the future. It is important to note that the development of safety cultures is not new to the maritime sector. However, the increase in connected systems within the sector (e.g., satellite communications) means these safety cultures must now consider the new, or altered, risks posed by digital systems. Therefore, the paper, through a high-level literature review, will consider what the core elements of a cyber safety culture are, and how an organization company can nurture its development, both internally and across the wider sector. The paper will discuss the various benefits of developing a robust cyber safety culture, including demonstrable compliance to the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) cyber regulation, Resolution MSC.428(98). The paper will conclude by arguing the development of a cyber safety culture is not going to remove all risk completely, but rather will allow organizations to be better prepared for when incidents do occur.
Highlights

This paper argues that managing maritime cyber risks is not easy. However, through the inclusion of cyber risk into an organisations safety culture, operations can become more resilient to cyber incidents.
Safety cultures have been a mandated part of maritime risk management for many years. Through the ratification of the International Maritime Organizations Resolution MSC.428(98) cyber risks are now included within this remit.
This paper explores the benefits to an organisation by developing a cyber safety culture, including: demonstration of compliance, reduction in the human risk, lower financial implications and potentially better insurance premiums.
The paper also discusses the practical implications of developing a cyber safety culture, and how through experiencing these cultures early on in their career can have positive improvements on the safety of operations.
МЕТОДИ КОНТРОЛЮ ТЕХНІЧНОГО СТАНУ ДВИГУНІВ ЗАСОБІВ
ВОДНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ
Authors: Штрибець В.В.
Published: September 2022

Забезпечення надійної та безпечної експлуатації
двигунів (ходових і системи енергозабезпечення) засобів водного транспорту
досягається за рахунок застосування системи контролю та діагностування
технічного стану. До такої системи відносять сукупність методів і засобів
контролю та діагностування. Система технічного діагностування при цьому
повинна включати періодичний контроль технічного стану двигунів, пошук
дефектів і несправностей у роботі, визначення ступеня небезпеки дефектів і
оцінку остаточного ресурсу обладнання.
АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ОЦІНОК СПЕКТРАЛЬНОЇ
ЩІЛЬНОСТІ ПОТУЖНОСТІ ПРИ СПЕКТРАЛЬНОМУ АНАЛІЗІ
ВИПАДКОВИХ СИГНАЛІВ
Authors: Ліганенко В.В.
Published: September 2022

Під спектральним аналізом розуміють
вимірювальний процес або експериментальний аналіз спектрів сигналів за
допомогою спеціальних вимірювальних приладів – аналізаторів спектра (або
спектроаналізаторів). Такі прилади дозволяють визначити одну або декілька
спектральних характеристик випадкових сигналів.
УЗАГАЛЬНЕНА МАТЕМАТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ ОЦІНКИ
СПЕКТРАЛЬНОЇ ЩІЛЬНОСТІ ПОТУЖНОСТІ ВИПАДКОВИХ
СИГНАЛІВ
Authors: Іваненко В.М.
Published: September 2022

Локальна оцінка СЩП не може бути отримана
існуючими методами. З іншого боку, інтегральна (усереднена тим чи іншим
способом) оцінка СЩП є спроможною [1]. У цьому випадку необхідно
визначити, який з використовуваних методів дозволяє отримати інтегральну
оцінку СЩП з найменшою дисперсією похибки (за фіксований час аналізу або
вимірювання Т).
УЗАГАЛЬНЕНА МАТЕМАТИЧНА МОДЕЛЬ ПОРІВНЯННЯ
ОСНОВНИХ КЛАСИЧНИХ МЕТОДІВ АПАРАТУРНОГО
СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО АНАЛІЗУ
Authors: Чебан В.І.
Published: September 2022

Розглянемо метод перемноження. Цей метод
заснований на часовому усередненні випадкового сигналу x(t) і його
фільтрованої реалізації y(t). Зведемо оцінки СЩП, отримані перерахованими
методами, до узагальненого виду [1, 2].
ОЦІНКА СПЕКТРАЛЬНОЇ ЩІЛЬНОСТІ ПОТУЖНОСТІ МЕТОДУ
ВИМІРЮВАННЯ НА УСЕРЕДНЕННІ КОЕФІЦІЄНТІВ ФУР'Є
ВИПАДКОВОГО СИГНАЛУ ПО ЧАСТОТАХ
Authors: Штрибець В.В.
Published: September 2022

Основним методом визначення несправності
двигунів є метод вібродіагностики. Недоліком такого методу є низька
достовірність визначення реального технічного стану двигунів.
АНАЛІЗ СТАТИСТИЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ОЦІНОК
СПЕКТРАЛЬНОЇ ЩІЛЬНОСТІ ПОТУЖНОСТІ ВИПАДКОВИХ
СИГНАЛІВ
Authors: В.М. Федунов
Published: September 2022

Характеристики апаратури спектрального аналізу
в значній мірі визначаються використовуваними в ній методами вимірювання
оцінок СЩП. У зв'язку з цим виникає необхідність подальшого розвитку
методів порівняльного аналізу оцінок СЩП випадкових сигналів, що
вимірюються різними методами, метою якого є визначення оптимального
методу, який дозволяє за один і той же час аналізу (вимірювання) отримати
інтегральну оцінку СЩП з найменшою дисперсією похибки вимірювання.
МЕТОДИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ФОРМИ ФУНКЦІЇ СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО
ВІКНА ВУЗЬКО-СМУГОВИХ ФІЛЬТРІВ ДЛЯ СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО
АНАЛІЗУ ВИПАДКОВИХ СИГНАЛІВ
Authors: Ліганенко В.В.
Published: September 2022

Точність апаратурного спектрального аналізу
випадкових сигналів, які характеризують дефект (несправність) двигунів засобів
водного транспорту, заснованих на використанні вузько-смугової фільтрації, у
значній мірі визначається відмінністю АЧХ вузько-смугового фільтра від
ідеальної – прямокутної. При ідеальному спектральному вікні забезпечується
повне усунення похибки «розмивання», або «перетікання» спектра. Однак
ідеальне спектральне вікно фізично не піддається реалізації.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ОПТИМАЛЬНИХ
ФУНКЦІЙ СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО ВІКНА ПРИ ЗАСТОСУВАННІ
ДИНАМІЧНИХ ФІЛЬТРІВ
Authors: Ліганенко В.В.
Published: September 2022

Отримаємо вихідні співвідношення для
оптимального синтезу параметрів смугових динамічних фільтрів для двох
методів вимірювання оцінки СЩП: методу множення та методу безпосередньої
фільтрації.
СИНТЕЗ ФІЛЬТРУ ДЛЯ СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО АНАЛІЗУ
ВИПАДКОВИХ СИГНАЛІВ ПРИ КОНТРОЛІ ТЕХНІЧНОГО СТАНУ
ДВИГУНІВ
Authors: Чебан В.І.
Published: September 2022

В апаратурі спектрального аналізу, особливо в
системах діагностування технічних об'єктів, таких як двигуни засобів водного
транспорту, використовують вузько-смугові фільтри малих порядків, що
спрощує їх синтез і технічну реалізацію апаратури. Як показано в попередніх
розділах, отримання однакових характеристик точності спектрального аналізу
може бути забезпечено динамічними фільтрами менших порядків, ніж
класичних, стаціонарних (які не перебудовуються), фільтрів.
Для перевірки отриманих результатів, у статті наведено теорія синтезу
динамічних фільтрів другого порядку для спектрального аналізу випадкових
сигналів кореляційно-фільтровим методом, і результати обчислювального
експерименту (моделювання за допомогою ЕОМ).
Для підвищення точності параметрів випадкових сигналів, які
характеризують дефекти (несправності) двигуна при спектральному аналізі,
необхідні вузько-смугові фільтри.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СИНТЕЗОВАНОГО ФІЛЬТРУ ДЛЯ
СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО АНАЛІЗУ ВИПАДКОВИХ СИГНАЛІВ ПРИ
КОНТРОЛІ ТЕХНІЧНОГО СТАНУ ДВИГУНІВ
Authors: Федунов В.М.
Published: September 2022

Дослідження синтезованого фільтру для спектрального
аналізу випадкових сигналів при контролі технічного стану двигунів.
РОЗРАХУНОК ФУНКЦІЇ РОЗПОДІЛУ ПАРАМЕТРІВ КОНТРОЛЮ
РАДІОНАВІГАЦІЙНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ
Authors: Іваненко В.М.
Published: September 2022

Перспективним напрямком розвитку методів і
приладів контролю та діагностування технічного стану радіонавігаційних
комплексів (РНК) засобів водного транспорту є їх автоматизація та
універсалізація, що знайшло своє втілення у проектуванні й виробництві
обчислювальних систем контролю та діагностування й вимірювальних
інформаційних систем, оснащених сучасною мікропроцесорною технікою,
пристроями спряження з персональним комп’ютером, зручним програмним
забезпеченням тощо.
Водночас виникає відоме в практиці контролю технічного стану складних
систем протиріччя: забезпечення заданої достовірності та оперативності
отримання інформації про технічний стан РНК засобів водного транспорту
потребує збільшення обсягу та точності вимірювань при оцінюванні їх
характеристик з одного боку, а з іншого – відсутність методів автоматизації
процесів контролю технічного стану РНК засобів водного транспорту.
ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ КРИТЕРІІВ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ
РАДІОНАВІГАЦІЙНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ
Authors: Іваненко В.М.
Published: September 2022

У практиці контролю (вимірювання) параметрів
широко використовуються інформаційні оцінки. Згідно з теорією інформації
контроль призводить до зменшення міри невизначеності в значеннях
параметрів системи порівняно з невизначеністю значень цих параметрів до
контролю.