bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinonasal inverted papilloma and predictors of health‐related quality of life after endonasal endoscopic surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: den Heijer Marc C. , Joustra Gonneke E. , Vermeulen Karin M. , Korsten‐Meijer Astrid G. W. , Feijen Robert A.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Existing knowledge on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) after surgical removal of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is limited. Moreover, predictors for a better or worse post‐operative HRQoL outcome are not known. Our aim was to assess HRQoL in all three health domains (physical, psychological, and social), track its post‐operative trajectory, investigate if pre‐operative observations could predict distinct post‐operative HRQoL outcomes, and evaluate whether physicians' interventions could contribute to improved post‐operative HRQoL.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary referral hospital.

Participants

Seventy‐four patients who underwent surgery for an IP were included. They were asked to fill in the Endonasal Endoscopic Sinus and Skull‐Base Surgery Questionnaire (EES‐Q) pre‐operatively, and then 2 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year post‐operatively.

Main Outcome Measures

Linear mixed models analyses were performed to evaluate the overall post‐operative HRQoL and the separate health domains, as well as the impact of specific variables (sex, age, American Society of Anaesthesiologists [ASA] classification, smoker, Krouse staging, pre‐operative EES‐Q score, type of surgery, and post‐operative antibiotics) on HRQoL improvement.

Results

The total EES‐Q score (p < .001) as well as the physical (p < .001), psychological (p = .049), and the social (p = .002) domains significantly improved post‐operatively. ASA classification (p = .049), pre‐operative EES‐Q score (p < .001) and post‐operative antibiotics (p = .036) were significant variables.

Conclusions

Overall HRQoL, as well as each of the three health domains, improved significantly. A higher ASA score, a higher pre‐operative EES‐Q score, and the administration of post‐operative antibiotics were significant predictors for better HRQoL recovery post‐operatively. Further research is necessary to confirm these results.
Factors associated with adjuvant treatment delays in patients treated surgically for head and neck cancer
Authors: Sticker Alan L. , Cannon Sydney T. , Russell Gregory B. , Waltonen Joshua D.
Published: April 2024

Objective

To determine the patient and treatment characteristics associated with delay in post‐operative radiation therapy (PORT) for patients treated surgically for head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) at our institution.

Design

Single institution retrospective review.

Setting

Tertiary care academic medical centre.

Participants

Patients treated surgically for HNSCC who underwent PORT between 2013 and 2016.

Main Outcome Measures and Results

One hundred forty patients met inclusion criteria. A majority did not start radiotherapy within 6 weeks. Factors associated with a delayed initiation of PORT included length of stay >8 days, 30‐day readmission, no adjuvant chemotherapy, post‐operative complications and fragmented care.

Conclusions

A majority of patients did not initiate PORT within the guideline‐recommended 6 weeks. Modifiable risks factors that delay initiation of PORT were identified.
Sebaceous gland atrophy due to seborrheic dermatitis in a patient with alopecia: A potential pitfall
Authors: Zengin Sena , Guthrie Jacey , Zoumberos Nicholas , Hamza Mugahed , Shalin Sara C.
Published: April 2024

Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory condition that usually presents with erythema, scaly greasy papules, and plaques affecting sebaceous gland‐rich areas and predominantly involving the face and scalp. The diagnosis of seborrheic dermatitis can often be rendered based on the clinical presentation. However, in certain cases, a biopsy can be useful to distinguish it from clinical mimics such as psoriasis, discoid lupus, and rosacea. Prominent sebaceous gland atrophy without scarring has been well‐described as an important and relatively specific clue for psoriatic or drug‐induced alopecia. However, sebaceous gland atrophy is not specific to psoriasis and has been demonstrated in seborrheic dermatitis, facial discoid dermatitis, and potentially may occur in other inflammatory dermatoses of the scalp. We report a 23‐year‐old female patient presenting with non‐scarring hair loss and histopathological findings demonstrating mild androgenetic alopecia and changes of seborrheic dermatitis with dramatic sebaceous gland atrophy. The patient had no history or evidence of psoriasis clinically. Our case suggests that in patients with seborrheic dermatitis, sebaceous gland atrophy may complicate the evaluation of alopecia biopsies and should be recognized as a pitfall. Seborrheic dermatitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of alopecia biopsies showing prominent sebaceous gland atrophy.
‘Everywhere I call, there's nothing available’: Understanding the alcohol treatment landscape and needs among unstably housed people who use alcohol in Rhode Island
Authors: Collins Alexandra B. , Tan Michael , Smith Megan , Becker Sara J.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Alcohol is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and people who are unstably housed are disproportionately impacted by adverse alcohol‐related health outcomes. Addressing the needs of unstably housed people with high‐intensity alcohol use (i.e., heavy episodic use or binge drinking), including those whose goal is not abstinence, is critical to reducing harms among this population. This study explores the alcohol‐related treatment and support needs among unstably housed people who use alcohol.

Methods

Data collection included participant observation and semi‐structured interviews (n = 25) with unstably housed people with high‐intensity alcohol use. Data were analysed thematically, with attention to structural vulnerability and social‐structural forces at shaping perceptions of and experiences with alcohol treatment.

Results

Participants underscored how housing instability was critical in precipitating and maintaining heavy alcohol use, with alcohol often used to manage the stress and anxiety related to housing instability. While participants regularly engaged with alcohol treatment programs, program design and barriers to access undermined the effectiveness of these services for participants. Participants described the need for a range of program and service options across a continuum of care to be implemented to support participants in meeting their diverse needs and identified goals regarding alcohol use.

Discussion and Conclusions

Alcohol treatment and supports need to be modified so that they include a range of harm reduction and abstinence‐based models to better meet people's diverse needs. Furthermore, treatment must be paired with permanent and affordable housing to address underlying drivers of alcohol‐related harm for unstably housed people.
Reciprocal self‐disclosure makes children feel more loved by their parents in the moment: A proof‐of‐concept experiment
Authors: Brummelman Eddie , Bos Peter A. , de Boer Eva , Nevicka Barbara , Sedikides Constantine
Published: April 2024

Feeling loved by one's parents is critical for children's health and well‐being. How can such feelings be fostered? A vital feature of loving interactions is reciprocal self‐disclosure, where individuals disclose intimate information about themselves. In a proof‐of‐concept experiment, we examined whether encouraging reciprocal self‐disclosure in parent‐child dyads would make children feel more loved during the conversation. Participants were 218 children (ages 8–13, 50% girls, 94% Dutch) and one of their parents (ages 28–56, 62% women, 90% Dutch). Parent‐child dyads received a list of 14 questions and took turns asking them each other for 9 min. Dyads were assigned randomly to engage in self‐disclosure (questions invoking escalated intimacy) or small talk (questions invoking minimal intimacy). Before and after, children reported how loved they felt by their parent during the conversation. Self‐disclosure made children feel more loved during the conversation than did small talk. Compared to small talk, self‐disclosure did not instigate conversations that were lengthier or more positive; rather, it instigated conversations that were more emotionally charged (reflecting anger, anxiety, and sadness), social (discussing family and friends), reflective (creating insight), and meaningful (addressing deeply personal topics, including the passing of loved ones). The dyad's gender composition did not significantly moderate these effects. Our research suggests that reciprocal self‐disclosure can make children feel more loved in the moment, uncovers linguistic signatures of reciprocal self‐disclosure, and offers developmental scientists a tool to examine causal effects of reciprocal self‐disclosure in parent‐child dyads. Future work should examine long‐term effects in everyday parent‐child interactions.

Research Highlights

How can parents make children feel more loved by them in the moment? We theorize that these feelings can be cultivated through reciprocal self‐disclosure.

In a proof‐of‐concept experiment, we examined effects of reciprocal self‐disclosure versus small talk in 218 parent‐child dyads, with children aged 8−13.

Self‐disclosure (vs. small talk) made children feel more loved during the conversation. Linguistically, self‐disclosure instigated conversations that were more emotionally charged, social, reflective, and meaningful.

This research provides an experimental method to study self‐disclosure in parent‐child dyads and suggests that self‐disclosure can make children feel more loved in the moment.
Is economics self‐correcting? Replications in the American Economic Review
Authors: Ankel‐Peters Jörg , Fiala Nathan , Neubauer Florian
Published: April 2024

This paper reviews the impact of replications published as comments in the American Economic Review between 2010 and 2020. We examine their citations and influence on the original papers' (OPs) subsequent citations. Our results show that comments are barely cited, and they do not affect the OP's citations—even if the comment diagnoses substantive problems. Furthermore, we conduct an opinion survey among replicators and authors and find that there often is no consensus on whether the OP's contribution sustains. We conclude that the economics literature does not self‐correct, and that robustness and replicability are hard to define in economics.
Psychotic‐like anomalous self‐experiences in feeding and eating disorders: Their role in eating psychopathology through the mediation of body uneasiness and embodiment and identity disorders
Authors: Ballerini Massimo , Rossi Eleonora , Cassioli Emanuele , Tarchi Livio , Marchesi Carlo , Tonna Matteo , Stanghellini Giovanni , Ricca Valdo , Castellini Giovanni
Published: April 2024

Background

Psychotic‐like anomalous self‐experiences (ASEs) are core and early features of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which have been recently also postulated to underlie embodiment disturbance in feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). The present study was aimed at investigating the interplay between ASEs and specific psychopathology in FED.

Methods

Ninety persons with Anorexia Nervosa and 41 with Bulimia Nervosa were evaluated with the inventory of psychotic‐like anomalous self‐experiences (IPASE), identity and eating disorders (IDEA), body uneasiness test (BUT), and eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE‐Q). The same assessment was performed for 92 subjects recruited from the general population. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the role of embodiment/identity disorders in mediating the relationship between ASEs and ED psychopathology.

Results

Patients with FED displayed high scores on IPASE, comparable with people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A significant correlation was also demonstrated between IPASE, BUT and EDE‐Q. All IPASE domains were strongly related to feeling extraneous from one's own body by IDEA. All IPASE domains demonstrated a high relationship with BUT Depersonalization scale. A strong correlation was also reported between total scores of IPASE and IDEA. The mediation model confirmed that ASEs impact on FED symptomatology through the mediation of both embodiment/identity disorders and body image.

Discussion

Anomalous interoceptive processes may represent the first step of a maladaptive process‐impairing embodiment, selfhood, and identity in FED. Assessment of ASEs might be a valid tool to identify an early‐shared vulnerability of severe disorders characterized by embodiment alterations.
Mobile health technologies in an interventional hybrid study on actinic keratosis: Results from an early phase randomized controlled trial investigating the safety and efficacy of a cytosolic phospholipase A2 inhibitor gel in photodamaged skin
Authors: Ortner Vinzent Kevin , Kilov Kim , Mondragón Alejandro Castillo , Fredman Gabriella , Omland Silje Haukali , Manole Ionela , Laugesen Charlotte Amalie Pind , Havsager Signe , Johansen Berit , Duvold Tore , Isberg Ari Páll , Andersen Anders Daniel , Zibert John R. , Hædersdal Merete
Published: April 2024

Hybrid trials are a new trend in dermatological research that leverage mobile health technologies to decentralize a subset of clinical trial elements and thereby reduce the number of in‐clinic visits. In a Phase I/IIa randomized controlled hybrid trial, the safety and efficacy of an anti‐proliferative and anti‐inflammatory drug inhibiting cytosolic phospholipase A2 (AVX001) was tested using 1%, 3% or vehicle gel in 60 patients with actinic keratosis (AK) and assessed in‐clinic as well as remotely. Over the course of 12 weeks, patients were assessed in‐clinic at baseline, end of treatment (EOT) and end of study (EOS), as well as 9 times remotely on a weekly to biweekly basis. Safety outcomes comprising local skin reactions (LSR; 0–5), adverse events (AE) and cosmesis, were graded in‐clinic and remotely using patient‐obtained smartphone photographs (PSPs) and questionnaires; efficacy was assessed in‐clinic based on clinically visible clearance of AK target area of >50%. A total of 55 participants (91.7%) completed the treatment course. The average submission rate of PSPs was high (≥85%), of which 93% were of sufficient quality. No serious AE were reported and only two experienced temporary LSR >2 (scale 0–4) and cosmesis remained stable throughout the study. Based on the mild AE and LSR profile, daily application of AVX001 gel for 1 month appears safe, tolerable, and cosmetically acceptable for use in patients with AK. At EOT, AVX001 achieved a subtle treatment response with clearance of AK target area of >50% in 18% of patients. Remote and in‐clinic assessments of LSRs were in high agreement, suggesting that the use of mobile health technologies in early‐phase hybrid studies of AK does not compromise patient safety.
Lithium chloride promotes mesenchymal‐epithelial transition in murine cutaneous wound healing via inhibiting CXCL9 and IGF2
Authors: Zhang Chong , Luo Xiao , Wei Mianxing , Jing Bingshuai , Wang Jue , Lin Lanling , Shi Bing , Zheng Qian , Li Chenghao
Published: April 2024

Cutaneous wound healing is a challenge in plastic and reconstructive surgery. In theory, cells undergoing mesenchymal transition will achieve re‐epithelialization through mesenchymal‐epithelial transition at the end of wound healing. But in fact, some pathological stimuli will inhibit this biological process and result in scar formation. If mesenchymal‐epithelial transition can be activated at the corresponding stage, the ideal wound healing may be accomplished. Two in vivo skin defect mouse models and dermal‐derived mesenchymal cells were used to evaluate the effect of lithium chloride in wound healing. The mesenchymal‐epithelial transition was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. In vivo, differentially expressed genes were analysed by transcriptome analyses and the subsequent testing was carried out. We found that lithium chloride could promote murine cutaneous wound healing and facilitate mesenchymal‐epithelial transition in vivo and in vitro. In lithium chloride group, scar area was smaller and the collagen fibres are also orderly arranged. The genes related to mesenchyme were downregulated and epithelial mark genes were activated after intervention. Moreover, transcriptome analyses suggested that this effect might be related to the inhibition of CXCL9 and IGF2, subsequent assays demonstrated it. Lithium chloride can promote mesenchymal‐epithelial transition via downregulating CXCL9 and IGF2 in murine cutaneous wound healing, the expression of IGF2 is regulated by β‐catenin. It may be a potential promising therapeutic drug for alleviating postoperative scar and promoting re‐epithelialization in future.
Terrestrial subsidies and light affect an aquatic micro‐ecosystem in unexpected ways
Authors: Rogy Pierre , Srivastava Diane S.
Published: April 2024

The effects of resource subsidies on a recipient ecosystem depends on a variety of factors. Firstly, increasing the supply of limiting nutrients tends to increase the accumulation of biomass across different compartments of the recipient food web. Secondly, in the case of aquatic microorganisms, this accumulation may also be contingent on inputs of energy through light, mediating interactions between heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic algae. Thirdly, macroscopic consumers feed upon microorganisms and recycle nutrients through excretion and egestion, profoundly affecting nutrient cycling.

In order to examine the context‐dependency of nutrient cycling in aquatic systems, we performed an experiment in mesocosms where we followed the responses of dissolved nutrients, microorganisms, and larvae of the cosmopolitan mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to two terrestrial subsidies differing in carbon (C):nutrient, in combination with two light intensities.

We found that the interactions amongst bacteria and algae themselves remained generally unimportant after accounting for treatment effects, and that light did mediate some of the effects of nutrient subsidies on microorganisms. We also found that the presence of mosquito larvae was associated with altered concentrations of nitrogen (N) in some treatments, ultimately benefitting algae. Finally, we found that low C:nutrient subsidies generally increased the development rate of mosquito larvae, and that increased light exposure led to higher mosquito survival.

Overall, these patterns may be explained by strong nitrogen limitation in our system, causing both group of microorganisms to respond similarly to variations in nutrient supply without direct covariation, and to the key role of N recycling by mosquito larvae in sustaining algal densities in exposed treatments.

The context‐dependency in our study may reflect elemental or molecular constraints other than phosphorus. Our experiment thus calls for greater synthesis amongst ecological theories.
Bringing traits back into the equation: A roadmap to understand species redistribution
Authors: Comte Lise , Bertrand Romain , Diamond Sarah , Lancaster Lesley T. , Pinsky Malin L. , Scheffers Brett R. , Baecher J. Alex , Bandara R. M. W. J. , Chen I‐Ching , Lawlor Jake A. , Moore Nikki A. , Oliveira Brunno F. , Murienne Jerome , Rolland Jonathan , Rubenstein Madeleine A. , Sunday Jennifer , Thompson Laura M. , Villalobos Fabricio , Weiskopf Sarah R. , Lenoir Jonathan
Published: April 2024

Ecological and evolutionary theories have proposed that species traits should be important in mediating species responses to contemporary climate change; yet, empirical evidence has so far provided mixed evidence for the role of behavioral, life history, or ecological characteristics in facilitating or hindering species range shifts. As such, the utility of trait‐based approaches to predict species redistribution under climate change has been called into question. We develop the perspective, supported by evidence, that trait variation, if used carefully can have high potential utility, but that past analyses have in many cases failed to identify an explanatory value for traits by not fully embracing the complexity of species range shifts. First, we discuss the relevant theory linking species traits to range shift processes at the leading (expansion) and trailing (contraction) edges of species distributions and highlight the need to clarify the mechanistic basis of trait‐based approaches. Second, we provide a brief overview of range shift–trait studies and identify new opportunities for trait integration that consider range‐specific processes and intraspecific variability. Third, we explore the circumstances under which environmental and biotic context dependencies are likely to affect our ability to identify the contribution of species traits to range shift processes. Finally, we propose that revealing the role of traits in shaping species redistribution may likely require accounting for methodological variation arising from the range shift estimation process as well as addressing existing functional, geographical, and phylogenetic biases. We provide a series of considerations for more effectively integrating traits as well as extrinsic and methodological factors into species redistribution research. Together, these analytical approaches promise stronger mechanistic and predictive understanding that can help society mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change on biodiversity.
occTest: An integrated approach for quality control of species occurrence data
Authors: Serra‐Diaz Josep M. , Borderieux Jeremy , Maitner Brian , Boonman Coline C. F. , Park Daniel , Guo Wen‐Yong , Callebaut Arnaud , Enquist Brian J. , Svenning Jens‐C. , Merow Cory
Published: April 2024

Aim

Species occurrence data are valuable information that enables one to estimate geographical distributions, characterize niches and their evolution, and guide spatial conservation planning. Rapid increases in species occurrence data stem from increasing digitization and aggregation efforts, and citizen science initiatives. However, persistent quality issues in occurrence data can impact the accuracy of scientific findings, underscoring the importance of filtering erroneous occurrence records in biodiversity analyses.

Innovation

We introduce an R package, occTest, that synthesizes a growing open‐source ecosystem of biodiversity cleaning workflows to prepare occurrence data for different modelling applications. It offers a structured set of algorithms to identify potential problems with species occurrence records by employing a hierarchical organization of multiple tests. The workflow has a hierarchical structure organized in testPhases (i.e. cleaning vs. testing) that encompass different testBlocks grouping different testTypes (e.g. environmental outlier detection), which may use different testMethods (e.g. Rosner test, jacknife,etc.). Four different testBlocks characterize potential problems in geographic, environmental, human influence and temporal dimensions. Filtering and plotting functions are incorporated to facilitate the interpretation of tests. We provide examples with different data sources, with default and user‐defined parameters. Compared to other available tools and workflows, occTest offers a comprehensive suite of integrated tests, and allows multiple methods associated with each test to explore consensus among data cleaning methods. It uniquely incorporates both coordinate accuracy analysis and environmental analysis of occurrence records. Furthermore, it provides a hierarchical structure to incorporate future tests yet to be developed.

Main conclusions

occTest will help users understand the quality and quantity of data available before the start of data analysis, while also enabling users to filter data using either predefined rules or custom‐built rules. As a result, occTest can better assess each record's appropriateness for its intended application.
Usefulness of the serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio as a blood biomarker for sarcopenia components among age groups in community‐dwelling older people: The SONIC study
Authors: Fang Wen , Godai Kayo , Kabayama Mai , Akagi Yuya , Kido Michiko , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Ikebe Kazunori , Arai Yasumichi , Masui Yukie , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Yasumoto Saori , Gondo Yasuyuki , Yamamoto Koichi , Tabara Yasuharu , Kamide Kei
Published: April 2024

Aim

The serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio (CCR) or sarcopenia index is considered a useful marker of muscle mass. However, its usefulness in late‐stage older adults remains unclear. We aimed to determine the usefulness of CCR as an indicator of sarcopenia in community‐dwelling Japanese adults aged >75 years.

Methods

Our study recruited participants aged 70, 80, and 90 ± 1 years during the baseline years, and included a 3‐year follow‐up in the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians, Investigation with Centenarians study. From 2015 to 2018, 955 participants were eligible: 367 in their 70s, 304 in their 80s, and 284 in their 90s. The diagnostic components of sarcopenia, including “low muscle mass, plus low muscle strength, and/or low physical performance,” were evaluated using the bioelectrical impedance analysis‐measured skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) score, respectively, in accordance with the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Separate analyses were performed between each component and CCR, adjusting for sex, body mass index, and other blood biomarkers in each group.

Results

The relationship between CCR and sarcopenia components was significant for handgrip strength (β = 0.21, 0.13, 0.19, and P < 0.0001, =0.0088, <0.0001, for the 70s, 80s, and 90s age groups, respectively); however, it was limited for SMI (β = 0.14; P = 0.0022, only for the 90s) and not significant for the SPPB score.

Conclusion

CCR is a limited indicator of sarcopenia in late‐stage older adults. Although its association with muscle strength was significant, its relationship with muscle mass and physical performance was less pronounced. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 529–536.
Consideration of Vadose Zone Moisture Dynamics in Remediation of PFAS‐Impacted Soils
Authors: Karimi Askarani Kayvan , Cook John S. , Connor John A. , Newell Charles J.
Published: April 2024

Oilfield brines are soluble, non‐volatile, and recalcitrant contaminants that are vulnerable to capillary effects and evapoconcentration and have been known to recontaminate clean fill soils emplaced after excavations. This problem may also occur for some poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at PFAS sites. In this paper, we consider the soil moisture characteristic curve, wetting front dynamics, and the moisture redistribution cycle to understand the potential behavior of different PFAS in the vadose zone. Drawing on experience with remediation of soils impacted by brine spills, we provide recommendations on the design and implementation of soil excavation and cover remedies such as capillary barriers to prevent recontamination.
Progressive superficial siderosis despite complete remission of intracranial hypotension symptoms following epidural patching: Case report
Authors: Carroll Ian , Schievink Wouter
Published: April 2024

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) commonly results from ventral spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and epidural patches are advocated as first‐line treatment. Complications such as superficial siderosis can arise but have previously been reported only in the context of long‐term persistent, ongoing, CSF leak and SIH. We report a case of a patient with SIH from a ventral spinal CSF leak that was treated with epidural patching and experienced complete resolution of SIH. Four years later SIH symptoms recurred, and brain magnetic resonance imaging unexpectedly showed the interval accumulation of hemosiderin pigmentation on the cerebellum and brainstem during the period when the patient was without symptoms of SIH. This case uniquely demonstrates the progression of superficial siderosis despite the apparent resolution of SIH. Our findings suggest two divergent pathophysiological outcomes from spinal ventral dural tear: (1) CSF loss causing SIH; and (2) persistent low‐level bleeding arising from the spinal dural tear leading to superficial siderosis. These divergent pathophysiologies had a discordant response to epidural patching. Epidural patching successfully treated the SIH but did not prevent the progression of superficial siderosis, indicating that some patients may require more than epidural patching despite symptom resolution. This case highlights the need for post‐treatment monitoring protocols in patients with ventral spinal CSF leaks and SIH and raises important questions about the adequacy of epidural patching in certain SIH cases arising from ventral spinal CSF leak.
The experience of shared decision‐making for people with asthma: A systematic review and metasynthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Kang Hui‐qi , Peng Yueming , He Yuanyuan , Yang Xiufen , Su Jin , Yang Qiaohong , Luo Weixiang
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To identify, describe and synthesise the views and experiences of adults living with asthma regarding shared decision‐making (SDM) in the existing qualitative literature

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of 10 databases (list databases) from inception until September 2023. Screening was performed according to inclusion criteria. Tools from the Joanna Briggs lnstitute were utilised for the purposes of data extraction and synthesis in this study. The data extraction process in this study employed the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Model of Behaviour (COM‐B model) as a framework, and a pragmatic meta‐aggregative approach was employed to synthesise the collected results.

Results

Nineteen studies were included in the metasynthesis. Three synthesised themes were identified: the capability of people living with asthma, the opportunities of people living with asthma in SDM, and the motivation of the people living with asthma in SDM.

Conclusions

We have identified specific factors influencing people living with asthma engaging in SDM. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for the implementation of SDM in people living with asthma and provide insights for the development of their SDM training programs. The ConQual score for the synthesised findings was rated as low. To enhance confidence, future studies should address dependability and credibility factors.

Practice Implications

This review contemplates the implementation of SDM from the perspective of people living with asthma, with the aim of providing patient‐centred services for them. The results of this review can benefit the implementation of SDM and facilitate information sharing. It offers guidance for SDM skills training among adults living with asthma, fosters a better doctor–patient relationship and facilitates consensus in treatment decisions, thereby enabling personalised and tailored medical care.

Patient or Public Contribution

Three nursing graduate students participated in the data extraction and integration process, with two students having extensive clinical experience that provided valuable insights for the integration.
Shaping research for people living with co‐existing mental and physical health conditions: A research priority setting initiative from the United Kingdom
Authors: Taylor Olivia , Newbronner Elizabeth , Cooke Helen , Walker Lauren , Wadman Ruth
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Those with severe and enduring mental ill health are at greater risk of long‐term physical health conditions and have a reduced life expectancy as a result. Multiple factors compound this health inequality, and the need for setting research priorities in this area is highlighted with physical and mental healthcare services being separate, and limited multimorbidity research.

Methods

The aim of this exercise was to work in partnership with healthcare professionals and carers, family, friends and individuals with lived experience of both mental and physical health conditions, to set research priorities to help people with mental health conditions to look after their physical health. The exercise was guided by the James Lind Alliance approach. For this, a steering group was set up, two surveys were completed and a final priority workshop was conducted.

Results

This priority setting exercise guided by people's needs and lived experience has produced a set of well‐defined research topics. Initially, 555 research questions were suggested in the first survey, which were refined to 54 questions for the second survey. A priority setting workshop was then conducted to get the final 10 priorities.

Conclusions

Taking these topics forward to improve services and treatment for both mental and physical ill health may in turn improve physical health and lessen the reduced life expectancy of those living with mental ill health.

Patient or Public Contribution

This work was completed in collaboration with people who have lived experience of mental ill health and physical health conditions, as well as carers, family and friends. Their contribution has been significant for this work from piloting surveys, amending language used and educating the researchers and contributing to this paper. The initial work was completed with a steering group and continued with surveys and workshops.
Unlocking the potential of sorghum: a comparative study exploring the physical, chemical, technological, and digestibility properties of new cultivars from Mozambique
Authors: Mabureza Aldo Jose , Narita Isabela Mendes Pacheco , Frasson Sabrina Feksa , Van Schie Bart , Vanier Nathan Levien , Elias Moacir Cardoso , Colussi Rosana
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, technological, and digestibility of three sorghum cultivars (Mucuvea, Otela, and Tocole) and compared them to a Local variety (criola) grown in Mozambique. Thousand‐grain weight, hectolitre weight, and colour were determined in the grains. Proximal composition, antinutritional factors, starch and protein digestibility, and antioxidant activity were analysed in flours; starch was isolated and characterised by its physical, chemical, morphological, and digestibility properties. The grain characterisation varied among the cultivars compared to the Local variety, but not between the cultivars. The cultivars showed lower amounts of protein, lipids, free phenolics, tannin, soluble protein, digestibility of starch flour and proteins, and higher flavonoids and antioxidant activity. A high content of amylose (~37%), glycaemic index (~82), Tp (64.83 °C), and resistant starch (57.73%) were verified in all cultivars. The peak viscosity of Local variety was higher (343.25 RVU) than the other cultivars, while the breakdown (less than 106.54 RVU) of the cultivars was significantly lower than Local (182.25 RVU). Such data suggest great potential use of Local variety in bakery products and the cultivars in products that require greater viscosity. These results will reinforce the research, production, and manufacture of new products in Africa, especially in sorghum‐producing countries.
Characterisation of psyllium husk with different sizes and their effects on gel properties of surimi
Authors: Zhu Shichen , Jin Yan , Wei Chuanshuang , Yang Qing , Wei Zhengpeng , Song Hua , Liu Shulai , Ding Yicheng , Zhou Xuxia
Published: April 2024

Psyllium husk has attracted increasing interest in food applications due to its well‐known health benefits. Size reduction is an important mechanical operation used to tailor the functional properties of materials. In this study, the physicochemical properties and colloidal stability of the PHPs with different sizes were characterised by particle size distribution, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the size effects of psyllium husk on surimi gel properties were investigated in terms of the gel strength, water‐holding capacity (WHC) and water distribution. The results found that milling changed the monosaccharide composition and increased the diffraction intensity of psyllium husk powder (PHP) without disrupting the β‐glycosidic linkages. Furthermore, the XPS results suggested that smaller samples showed more exposed surface functional groups. The PHP3 group with average size of d (0.5) = 259.50 μm exhibited the highest absolute zeta potential. The viscosity and zeta potential of PHP correlated positively and negatively with the gel strength of surimi, respectively. Moreover, the micronized PHP also contributed to the increase in immobilised water content and uniform water distribution in surimi gels. The high viscosity and colloidal stability of psyllium husk (PHP3 group) contributed to the improved mechanical properties of surimi gels. This work provides a valuable reference for the potential use of psyllium husk in quality improvement of surimi products through size control.
Incorporation of brewer's spent grain into plant‐based meat analogues: benefits to physical and nutritional quality
Authors: da Silva Aurenice Maria Mota , Lima Mariah Almeida , Koksel Filiz , Sato Ana Carla Kawazoe
Published: April 2024

Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the major by‐product of brewery industry. Due to being rich in dietary fibres and proteins, it has great potential to be upcycled in plant‐based foods and contribute to the sustainability of our food system. This study investigated the incorporation of BSG at different concentrations to soy protein‐based high‐moisture meat analogues (HMMAs). Colour, textural properties, and macrostructure of the resulting HMMAs were examined. In vitro protein digestibility of selected HMMAs was also measured. At 15% BSG incorporation level, the presence of BSG favoured texturisation and lowered the hardness of HMMAs. However, higher BSG incorporation levels impaired the formation of a fibrous structure in the HMMAs that mimics the mouthfeel of animal‐based products. When extrusion feed moisture increased from 60% to 70%, the hardness and chewiness of the HMMAs decreased from 223.18 and 188.94 N to 127.80 and 103.16 N, respectively, while the cohesiveness and springiness were not significantly affected. In general, the higher the BSG incorporation level, the darker and browner were the HMMAs. IVPD of HMMAs varied from 74.58% to 76.15% and was higher in the HMMAs containing BSG, indicating that BSG complements soy protein digestibility. BSG incorporation may improve the texture of HMMAs and contribute to the intake of dietary fibre.
Purification, characterisation and immobilisation of a protease‐resistant α‐galactosidase from Monascus purpureus and its application in removal of raffinose family oligosaccharides
Authors: Zhu Chong , Katrolia Priti , Kopparapu Narasimha Kumar
Published: April 2024

In this study, an α‐galactosidase (MPG) was produced by submerged fermentation from Monascus purpureus, a food‐grade fungus used for making red yeast rice. MPG was purified from intracellular extract which showed a subunit molecular mass of 95 kDa. MPG was optimally active at pH 4.0 and 50 °C and was stable between pH 3.5–8.0 and at temperatures up to 50 °C. The enzyme retained its activity in the presence of most of the metal ions except Cu2+ and Fe2+. MPG exhibited remarkable resistance to the proteases, pepsin, trypsin and proteinase K as well as to the sugars, galactose and sucrose. Moreover, it retained complete activity under simulated gastric conditions. The enzyme displayed specificity for the substrates, melibiose, raffinose and stachyose and was able to hydrolyze these oligosaccharides. It was effective in the removal of non‐digestible raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) from soybeans, chickpeas and kidney beans. MPG was immobilised onto chitosan and the immobilised enzyme (iMPG) displayed higher optimal temperature (60 °C), better thermostability and substrate specificity as compared to MPG. iMPG was also capable of hydrolyzing RFOs in chickpeas and could be efficiently reused six times. In view of their superior properties, MPG and iMPG may have great prospects in the food and feed industries for the removal of RFOs from soy and other legumes.
Effect of fruit by‐products and orange pectin on folate (vitamin B9) production by selected starter and probiotic strains
Authors: Cucick Ana Clara Candelaria , Bedani Raquel , Ribeiro Lara Santos , Franco Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo , Saad Susana Marta Isay
Published: April 2024

This study selected the best folate‐producing strains in folate‐free medium among five commercial starter and probiotic strains and evaluated the utilisation of fruit by‐products (pitaya, passion fruit and grape), modified pectin from orange albedo (MP) and other carbohydrate sources for growth and folate production by the selected strains. The three selected strains [Lacticaseibacillus (L.) rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium (B.) infantis BB‐02, and Streptococcus (S.) thermophilus TH‐4] grew equally well in m‐MRS broth containing these products or carbohydrates, reaching populations above 7 log CFU mL−1 in 24 h. Production of folate was strain‐dependent. L. rhamnosus GG showed the highest folate production when supplemented with fruit by‐products and MP, achieving the utmost folate concentration after 24 h in the presence of grape by‐product (101.2 ± 11.2 ng mL−1). The MP has also influenced positively the production of folate by this strain. The study evidenced that fruit by‐products can be explored as substrates for bio‐enriched food product development using selected folate‐producing strains.
Phenolic compounds in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and their health‐promoting activities: a review
Authors: Singh Balwinder , Oberoi Somna , Kaur Amritpal
Published: April 2024

Sea buckthorn (SB) is used in cuisines and herbal remedies due to its remarkable nutritional composition and health‐enhancing properties. The phenolic compounds present in SB plant include phenolic acids (gallic, p‐coumaric, protocatechuic and ferulic acids), flavonols (isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol), flavan‐3‐ols and polymeric procyanidins. The highest content of these compounds was reported in branches and leaves than corresponding edible parts of the plant. The antioxidant properties of SB are related to content and composition of phenolic compounds in different plant parts. The studies reported SB flavonoids (isorhamnetin and quercetin) as main phenolic compounds with medicinal potential and health‐promoting effects. The present review summarises information available in recent studies on phenolic composition, phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and health‐promoting activities (anti‐oxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic and obesity management) of SB that can be used in curtailing various acute and chronic maladies. SB can be projected as a promising source of bioactive constituents with the potential to be used in healthy foods for beneficial effects on human health.
Pulsed electric field‐assisted extraction of mushroom ß‐glucan from Pleurotus pulmonarius by‐product and study of prebiotic properties
Authors: Thikham Sudarat , Jeenpitak Tannaporn , Shoji Kento , Phongthai Suphat , Therdtatha Phatthanaphong , Yawootti Artit , Klangpetch Wannaporn
Published: April 2024

Pleurotus pulmonarius is one of the most widely consumed mushrooms containing low calories and fat. This study aimed to extract polysaccharides mainly ß‐glucan from P. pulmonarius by‐products including cap and stem using pulsed electric field (PEF) and study their prebiotic properties. The by‐products were subjected to PEF at a field strength of 5, 7.5 and 10 kV cm−1, a frequency of 15 Hz and a number of pulses of 12 000; then, the ß‐glucan content was determined with K‐YBGL assay test kit compared with a conventional extraction method using hot water at 100 °C for 6 h. In raw materials, crude carbohydrate contents in the cap and stem were 50.42% and 68.78%, respectively, and the ß‐glucan contents were 34.03% and 50.22%, respectively. After treated with PEF at 7.5 kV cm−1, the highest yield of 4.18% with ß‐glucan content of 14.10% was achieved. And the stem treated at 10 kV cm−1 showed the highest yield of 2.34% with ß‐glucan content of 21.39%. Comparatively lower yield and ß‐glucan contents were found in the samples treated with hot water. Scanning electron micrographs suggested that PEF caused severe damage to both samples. Additionally, the study of the prebiotic properties revealed that both products exhibited the ability to stimulate the growth of target lactic acid bacteria and the production of short‐chain fatty acid. This study suggested that PEF could enhance the extraction efficiency of β‐glucan with prebiotic potential from P. pulmonarius by‐products.
Can consumption of type 4 resistant starch reduce high blood glucose fluctuations? A randomised trial
Authors: Cesur Fatih , Öztürk Kara Gökce
Published: April 2024

Individuals were given ERSR (enzyme‐resistant starch rusks) to consume for breakfast, and its effect on blood glucose was examined. Fifty‐four people participated in this study as two groups ((WWR (whole wheat rusks): 27 and ERSR: 27)). Each rusk contains 30 g of digestible CHO. After the consumption started, measurements were made at 30‐min intervals until 120 min. In total AUC (area under the curve) values between WWR and ERSR, ERSR was significantly higher (P < 0.001). In normal‐weight individuals, the total AUC value of ERSR consumption was significantly higher than WWR (P < 0.001), and in obese individuals, no significant difference was observed. Blood glucose fluctuations were higher in ERSR compared to WWR. It was also observed that this difference was observed in normal‐weight individuals, while no such difference was observed in individuals with obesity. Although ERSR consumption seems advisable for obese individuals, it should be supported by longer studies.
Oral corticosteroid stewardship: key insights from the Australasian Severe Asthma Registry
Authors: Politis John , Chung Li Ping , Igwe Ezinne , Bardin Philip , Gibson Peter G.
Published: April 2024

Background

People with severe asthma remain at risk of toxicity from maintenance oral corticosteroid (OCS) use and/or frequent OCS burst therapy. Cumulative exposures above 500–1000 mg prednisolone are associated with adverse effects, and recently OCS stewardship principles were promulgated to guide OCS prescription.

Aims

To examine real‐world registry data to quantify OCS burden, ascertain trends over time in prescription and assess whether opportunities to implement steroid‐sparing strategies were utilised.

Methods

Participants were enrolled in the Australasian Severe Asthma Registry for the period 2013–2021. Assessments were taken at enrolment and then annual follow‐up, which included asthma control and OCS use. Descriptive analyses were performed, and subgroups were compared at baseline and over time.

Results

Nine hundred and twenty‐four participants were evaluated and 215/924 (23%) were taking maintenance OCS at baseline, with 44% and 32% of participants having exposure to ≥500 or 1000 mg of OCS respectively in the prior year. Twelve months later, an additional 10% and 9% of participants reached cumulative doses of 500 or 1000 mg. People exceeding thresholds had ongoing poor asthma control. At baseline, 240/924 (26%) people were treated with asthma biological therapy. An additional 83 (12%) participants were identified as potentially benefiting from this steroid‐sparing medication. Of these patients, only 23% commenced a biologic agent in the next 12 months.

Conclusions

A large national asthma registry identifies exposure to toxic cumulative doses of OCS in more than a third of participants, with further subsequent cumulative dose escalation over 2 years. Steroid‐sparing strategies were often not employed, highlighting the need for implementation of OCS stewardship initiatives.