bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional State of the Central and Autonomic Regulation in Young Emergency Physicians in the Northern Region
Authors:   Surgut State Pedagogical University, Popova Marina A. , Shcherbakova Aleksandra E. , Karimov Rinat R. ,   Yugra Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Center
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research was to analyse the functional state of the central and autonomic nervous systems in young emergency physicians working in the northern region. Materials and methods. We examined 33 emergency physicians of a multidisciplinary hospital in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra aged 25 to 43 years (19 men and 14 women). The functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) was assessed using the method of simple visual-motor reaction (SVMR) and criteria developed by T.D. Loskutova – system’s functional level (SFL), reaction stability (RS) and level of functional abilities (LFA) – as well as attention stability, working memory and Whipple’s accuracy index. The state of autonomic regulation was evaluated according to the dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during active orthostatic test (AOT). Results. We found that male emergency physicians have higher rates of psychomotor reactions, SFL, RS, and LFA than their female colleagues. SVMR showed pathological reactions of the CNS in subjects of both sexes. The body’s adaptive capabilities due to autonomic regulation were preserved in most emergency physicians. However, a pathological response to AOT was found in both men and women. The pathological basis for impaired autonomic regulation and the development of maladaptive reactions in the subjects was a deterioration of the current functional state of the body, excessive activation of the sympathoadrenal system and a decrease in parasympathetic regulation. Responses to AOT in male emergency physicians were accompanied by a decrease in the total power (TP) of the HRV spectrum by 24.7 %, and an increase in low frequency (LF) to high frequency (HF) ratio by a factor of 2.6; while in female doctors, by a decrease in TP by 11.5 % and an increase in LF/HF ratio by a factor of 1.7. The median of 30/15 coefficient was 1.48 for men and 1.45 for women. Thus, in the course of professional selection of doctors to provide emergency care under unfavourable climatic conditions of the North, it is advisable to conduct a comprehensive examination of the functional state of the central nervous system and autonomic regulation to identify a risk group with impaired adaptation mechanisms. For citation: Popova M.A., Scherbakova A.E., Karimov R.R. Functional State of the Central and Autonomic Regulation in Young Emergency Physicians in the Northern Region. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 374–384. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z075
Physical Status of Primary School Children with Intellectual Disability Living in the City of Krasnoyarsk
Authors:   Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Smirnova Ol’ga V. ,   Research Institute for Medical Problems in the North, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Ovcharenko Elizaveta S. , Kasparov Eduard V. , Fefelova Vera V.
Published: December 2021

Parameters of physical development are known to be informative indicators of health status and adaptation processes, as well as markers of social, hygienic and environmental well-being both in healthy children and those with various pathological conditions. The purpose of this article was to study the characteristics of the physical status of children with intellectual disabilities. Materials and methods. We examined 168 children of primary school age (7–11 years) studying in secondary schools of Krasnoyarsk. The subjects were divided into two groups: the first group included 54 children with intellectual disability (F70, F71 according to ICD-10), the second group included 114 children without intellectual disability. Anthropometric characteristics and level of physical development were studied taking into account regional centile tables. The harmony of physical development was assessed using the Quetelet index. Results. The physical development of children with intellectual disability is characterized by a lag in anthropometric characteristics compared with intellectually healthy children: body length was 133.0 and 137.3 cm (p = 0.048), head circumference 51.0 and 52.5 cm (p = 0.002) respectively. The first group also had a statistically significantly lower percentage of children with harmonious physical development (37 %, p = 0.045) against the background of pronounced disharmony (underweight in 31.5 %, excess body weight in 31.5 % of children) compared to their healthy peers (harmonious development in 55 %, underweight in 16 %, overweight in 29 % of children). Further research into the constitution of children with intellectual disability can form the basis for the development of corrective measures, taking into account the specific typological characteristics of children in this group. For citation: Smirnova O.V., Ovcharenko E.S., Kasparov E.V., Fefelova V.V. Physical Status of Primary School Children with Intellectual Disability Living in the City of Krasnoyarsk. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 385–393. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z076
Epidemiology of Oncological Diseases in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019
Authors:   Arzamas Branch of National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Saburtsev Sergey A. , Chemodanov Pavel G.
Published: December 2021

As we know, neoplasms are characterized by high prevalence. The purpose of this study was to analyse the dynamics of cancers in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Materials and methods. The object of this research were the residents of the city of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod Region who sought medical help at Polyclinic No. 3 of the Volga District Medical Centre, Russia’s Federal Medical-Biological Agency (Nizhny Novgorod). Computed tomography was used to diagnose neoplasms. Results. In 2017, 50,470 diseases were identified, of which 2548 were neoplasms (599 malignant, and the rest benign). In 2018, 57,012 diseases were diagnosed, of which 2710 neoplasms, 639 being malignant. In 2019, the statistics was rather similar: a total of 55,110 diseases, of which 2705 neoplasms (661 malignant). Thus, the total number of diagnosed diseases, neoplasms included, was somewhat less in 2017, which can be explained by certain improvement in diagnostics and reporting, as well as a more active participation of the population in screening in 2018–2019. The absolute number of malignant neoplasms, although not much, still grows annually, and they are typically diagnosed after the age of 55–60 years. In general, the most often attacked is the digestive system, which is indicated by a steady increase in the number of new diagnoses by 1.5–2 % each year. Fortunately, there is also a positive trend, i.e. the number of malignant tumours of the excretory system, skin and female repr oductive system is falling. For citation: Saburtsev S.A., Chemodanov P.G. Epidemiology of Oncological Diseases in the Nizhny Novgorod Region in 2017–2019. Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2021, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 417–425. DOI: 10.37482/2687-1491-Z079
Effect of Thermocycling on Surface Roughness and Shear Bond Strength of Acrylic Soft Liner to the Surface of Thermoplastic Acrylic Treated with Ethyl Acetate
Authors: Duha Qais Sabah  , Bayan S. Khalaf
Published: December 2021

Objective: To enhance bonding strength between thermoplastic denture base and acrylic soft liner through ethyl acetate surface treatment.Materials and Methods: Modifications of thermoplastic acrylic denture base surface were investigated with SEM. FTIR was used to detect whether there was a chemical bond between thermoplastic acrylic and the organic solvent. A total of 80 samples were prepared and divided into 20 samples for the surface roughness test and 60 samples for the shear bond strength test. Failure type was assessed visually.Results: Shear bond strength and surface roughness values of un treated samples were lower in comparison to surface treated groups; the greatest post thermocycling bond strength value was recorded for the samples treated with ethyl acetate following 1500 cycles.Conclusions: Bonding strength was improved following ethyl acetate surface treatment.
Study the Ability of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated from Different Clinical Cases to Biofilm Formation and Detection of Algd Gene
Authors: Hussamsalah al-deen  , Suaad Khalil Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

98 samples were collected from various clinical sources included ( Burns, wounds, urines, sputums, blood ) From the city of Baghdad , After performing the biochemical and microscopic examination, 52 isolates were obtained for Pseudomonas aeruginosa , 17 (32.7 %) isolates from burn infection , 12( 23% ) isolates from Wound infection 11 ( 21.2 % ) isolates from urine infection , 7 ( 13.5 % ) isolates of sputum and 5 ( 9.6 %) isolates from blood . Bacteria susceptibility to form biofilm has been detectedby microtiter plate method, The results showed that 80 % of the bacterial isolates were produced the biofilm with different proportions , alg D gene ( alginate production ) has been detected by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) Which plays an essential role in the formation of the biofilm , The PCR results showed that the percentage of gene presence was( 95.4 % )
Amelogenin Localization in Periodontium Healing of Glucocorticosteriod-Induced Osteoporosis in Rabbit
Authors: Nada M. H. Al-Ghaban  , Nawar Bahjet Kamil  , BanA.Ghani Jamil  , Bushra Habeeb Al-Maula
Published: December 2021

Several recent studies had focused on impact of the changes in osteoporosis and its relation to the periodontium healing process. The aim of our present study is to evaluate the effect of osteoporosis on the periodontium healing immunohistochemicaly and on amelogenin. A total of twenty female New Zealand rabbits were assigned randomly into two groups, a ten healthy (control), and an other ten were subjected to a glucocorticoid induce osteoporosis. ligatures were haphazardly placed for the 1st mandibular molars in order to induce periodontitis, then animals had been sacrificed after 4 weeks and the specimens were processed routinely for a serial decalcified sections for the histological and the immunohistochemical study on “ amelogenin”. The histological results of our present study had revealed a delay in the process of healing of periodontium of the experimental group as compared to the control group. The immunohistochemical findings had shown a higher immunoreactivity of the periodontium cells of the osteoporotic groups than the control groups. This study found that the osteoporotic state induced by glucocorticoids may cause a delay in the healing by inducing periodontitis with a mild to moderate immunoreactivity to amelogenin as compared to the control group.
Trajectories of Salivary Hormones in Pregnant Women with Anxiety and there Effect on Gingival Health Condition
Authors: Noor Majid Hameed  , Athraa Mustafa Alwaheb
Published: December 2021

Background: Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy caused several of the physiological changes designed for promoting growth and delivery of a healthy child. A delicate balance between immune tolerance to fetal antigens and immunity against infectious pathogens needs to be maintained.Aim: Assessing salivary cortisol and progesterone hormones in anxious pregnant women and their impact on gingival health status.Subjects and Method:A sample of 80 womenwith healthy pregnancy divided into two groups including 40 pregnant women with high anxiety levelmatch in age with40 pregnant womenhavea low level of anxietyin Baghdad Teaching Hospital of Baghdad city in Iraq were participated in this study. Plaque index was used for assessing dental plaque accumulations.The gingival conditionwasmeasured by the gingival index.Unstimulated saliva sample was collected for measuringsalivary cortisol and progesterone.Result: The strong validity and reliability of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) Arabic translationscale make ita good indicator for measuring anxiety in Iraqi pregnant women.Data analysis of this study revealed high anxiety group has an elevated level of salivary cortisol, decrease salivary progesterone withsignificant differences. The correlations coefficients between salivary cortisol and progesterone among the high anxiety group was negative strong significant correlation while non-significant correlation in low anxiety group.The plaque indexwas higher among the high anxiety group with significantdifferences. Concerning the gingival index; there isno significant differences among two group. Positive strong significant correlation between plaque and gingival indices in high anxiety group.Regarding the correlation between gingival index and salivary progesterone in low anxiety group, it waspositive strong significant.While a positive significant correlation between plaque index and salivary cortisol in both groups.Conclusion: This study reported increase stress-hormone cortisol among a high anxiety pregnant women which hasan effect ongingival health subsequently. Gingival inflammation in the high anxiety group was a plaque induce gingivitis, while a pregnancy gingivitis was found among the low anxiety group
An Experience on Facts about Teaching Forensic Medicine to Undergraduate Medical Students in South Africa
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

South Africa is struggling with an enormous amount of forensic pathology services because there is an extreme pressure on forensic pathologists to deal with the high number of medicolegal autopsies in the country. There are only five dozen forensic pathologists in South Africa who have to handle at least 80 000 autopsies per year. Medical officers, who have only received training as undergraduates in medical school, are expected to conduct these autopsies. Therefore, undergraduate teaching and training must be strong enough so that these young graduates can handle cases without any compromise in the quality of the outcome.This report is going to highlight the necessity of teaching forensic medicine at undergraduate level in South African medical schools. It will also discuss the shortcomings in medical school teaching programmes.
Guilty of Unnatural Death but HIV Positive in Transkei Region of South Africa
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: HIV infections and crime have a complex relationship. It is difficult to understand its unnatural causation. HIV positivity has never accounted as an underlying cause of death in persons who have died unnaturally. Objective: To correlate HIV infection with non-natural deaths in the Transkei region of South Africa.Method: This is a record of a review study at Mthatha (Umtata) General Hospital. The data was collected from the office of medical superintendent and from the forensic pathology laboratory. Results: There has been an increase in the Mthatha General Hospital mortality rate by almost two- fold in last five years. Suicidal deaths like hanging have increased by one and half times. Fatal poisoning, possibly suicidal, has increased about five to sixtimes. Gunshot injuries, which may or may not be suicidal, have increased by one and half times. The accurate estimate of the prevalence of the HIV/AIDS is a necessity to measure the costs of disease for effective strategic planning. Conclusion: The HIV infection is increasing along with natural and non-natural deaths in the Transkei region of South Africa. It must be considered in the category of diminished responsibility as a mentally sick.
External Examiner’s Report for the 4th Year Medical Examination in Forensic Medicine: Is It A Magician With a Wand?
Authors: B Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: Externalexaminers are generally considered people of integrity, and honesty. The right to pass or fail students is within their discretion. The examination report that they produce must be congruent with their actions. The post examination comment by the external examiner for the 4th year medical examination in Forensic Medicine stating that students were weak in Forensic Medicine was not consistent, however, with the marks he awarded to the students. Objective: To validate the report of external examiner with his action. Method: Every year an external examiner is invited to conduct an examination of 4th year MB. ChB students in Forensic Medicine. There were three specialist examiners who conducted an examination of medical students. The external examiner (Mr. X) has been invited from a pioneer institute for the last three years. Mr. X also made changes, and approved course contents at the beginning of the year. Results: There were 97 students who sat for the examination. Of these, 93 (96%) passed and none of them failed. Only 4% were required to write a supplementary examination. All scripts were marked by all three examiners. One third of the students (31/32%) who received the lowest marks were exposed to the external examiner for an oral examination, together with their scripts. The external examiner made no change of marks in six cases. Of the other 24 students, six students marked were decreased up to 4%, while the remaining 18 students’ marks were increased by up to 20%20%. One student has awarded a distinction (75%) by the external examiner (increased from 55% to 75%). Conclusion: The comment of an external examiner was, however, not congruent with his actions. Therefore, the external examiner is a magician, but without a magic wand.
A case report on alcohol and crime in the Transkei region of South Africa
Authors: BL Meel
Published: December 2021

Background: Alcohol and crime are two-in-one, inseparable from each other as most of the crime in South Africa is carried out under the influence of alcohol. Many deaths as well in South Africa are attributed to alcohol consumption but, despite that, alcohol is available everywhere in country. Objective: To highlight the problem of alcohol and crime in the Transkei region of South Africa. Method: This case study is based on the case report histories which were obtained from the Mthatha Forensic Pathology Laboratory. Results: These are ten cases that provide examples of alcohol related deaths. All these deaths were caused by stabbing (except one) where the perpetrator or victim or both were intoxicated. The primary underlying cause of these fight was either money or girlfriends. The history, culture and circumstances of these deaths are discussed in this manuscript. Conclusion: Alcohol is a major cause of crime in the Transkei region of South Africa.
myc Gene and Cancer Variant Analysis and Network Interaction: An In-Silico Analysis
Authors: Saeed M Kabrah  , Talal Qadah  , Arwa F Flemban
Published: December 2021

The myc is a proto-oncogene that regulates the cellular process like cell growth, proliferation,metabolism, apoptosis and malignancy pathologies. myc deregulation occurs in several cancers andplays a significant role in disease development, metastatic potential, and therapeutic resistance. Drugtargeting myc in cancer remains highly desirable with substantial challenges, delaying the direct myctargeted drugs’s development. These drugs target the myc transcriptions deregulations in tumours cellby compound inhibiting the inducing of epigenetic silencing or regulation of G-quadruplex structureswithin the myc promoter. Proteins involved in myc’s post-translational modulation have been identifiedas significant surrogate targets for lowering myc activity downstream of aberrant cell stimulatorysignals.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Pain in the Factory Workers in Post Covid-19 Phase
Authors: Ganesh Gaikwad  , Pramod J Palekar  , Sanjivani Kamble  , Tushar J. Palekar
Published: December 2021

Study Design: Observational study design. Background- COVID-19 is a novel corona virus which hasnot been found in humans. The very first case was detected in the Hubei, China at the end of December2019.Objectives: To find the musculoskeletal pain in body areas in those factory workers who resumed workfollowing recovery in Post Covid-19 phase.Procedure: 50 participants were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. An informedconsent was taken from the subjects. Online informed consent was taken from the participants.Questionnaire was filled by the participants. Subject data was computed and analyzed.Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, we conclude that musculoskeletal pain was prevalentamong factory workers who resumed duty in the post Covid-19 phase. This study highlighted thepresence of musculoskeletal pain in various region of the body with moderate intensity and dominantin lower back region followed by neck and upper back area.
Effect of Neurodynamic Slider Technique Combined with Conventional Therapy and Conventional Therapy Alone in Sciatica: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kalinath Chaudhary  , Manjunath H.  , Amit Kumar Singh  , Surendra Kumar Rajbanshi
Published: December 2021

Background: Functional activity is an important aspect of normal human function. Limited functionalactivities due to in sciatica have been shown to predispose a person to several restrictions in functionand significantly affect the normal daily life.Objective: To determine and compare the effectiveness of Neurodynamic Slider Technique (NST) withconventional therapy (CT) and conventional therapy alone in sciatica for improving functional abilityand pain.Method: 40 subjects with sciatica were allocated into two groups (20 subjects in each group). Theoutcome measure used was Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).Subjects of group A were treated with Conventional therapy only, whereas the subjects of group B weretreated with Neurodynamic slider technique. For both the groups, the technique was performed threetimes a week for a total treatment period of four weeks.Results: The results demonstrated significant improvement in functional ability for subjects of group Bwhen compared with those of group A (P<0.05) at the end of four weeks.Conclusion: The study shows that CT along with NST are efficient in the rehabilitation of sciaticapatients reflecting the improvement of functional ability by reducing pain and considerably increase thephysical performance of patients in their own aspects. Thus, Neurodynamic Slider technique along withConventional therapy can be used in clinical practices for the treatment of sciatica.
Leveraging on Rehabilitation in Long Covid Management
Authors: Babatunde G Ogundunmade
Published: December 2021

Several cases of pneumonia of unknown cause were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China on 31Dec. 2019 while novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 was subsequently identified as causativefactor ofCOVID-19. It thenspread from that first cluster in Wuhan to become a public health emergencyof international concern (PHEIC) and was later recognised by WHO as a pandemic.The COVID-19pandemic has since caused unprecedented public health challenge and reorganization of the worldorder. Long term effects of COVID-19 (Long COVID) was recognized in 2020 summer. It wasinitiallydescribed as symptoms that lasted for longer than 4weeks before a better definition came up assymptoms persisting for 12weeks and beyond. The cardiopulmonary, neurological and musculoskeletalpresentations in Long COVID makes leveraging on rehabilitation in its management inevitable.
Impact of Menopausal Symptoms on Quality of Life in Indian Women
Authors: Mugdha Joshi  , Shweta Naidu
Published: December 2021

Menopause is a normal physiologic process, defined as the permanent cessation of menses for 12 monthsor more due to cessation of ovarian hormone production. The age at natural menopause is between 45years and 50 years. Early menopause is defined as menopause occurring before the age of 45 years,while premature menopause occurs before the age of 40 years. Around 20% of the patients suffer fromsevere menopausal symptoms, 60% suffer from mild symptoms and 20% may have no symptoms atall. Health workers are searching for different ways to manage menopause to minimize discomfort andinconvenience during menopausal transition, so as to improve the quality of life of these women. Theaim of the study was to study the impact of menopausal symptoms on quality of life using MRS scale,HFRDIS scale, WHO-BRFE scale. In Western India very few studies have been done on menopauseand no published literature has been found among these females. Thus, the present study focuses onthe various climacteric symptoms on quality of life using the Greene climacteric scale and MenopauseSpecific Quality Of Life Scale among females of Pune Maharashtra.
Knowledge and Awareness of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Office Ergonomics among Bankers in Maval Region
Authors: Pratiksha Kawade  , Snehalata Tembhurne  , Snehal Ghodey
Published: December 2021

Objective: Primary Objective: To analyse the knowledge and awareness of work-related musculoskeletaldisorders among bankers in Maval region using a self- administered survey-based questionnaire.To analyse the knowledge and awareness of office ergonomics among bankers in Maval region using aself-administered survey-based questionnaire.Secondary Objective: To find association between the knowledge and awareness of work-relatedmusculoskeletal disorders and office ergonomics among bankers in Maval region and their age as a partof demographic data.Method: It was a cross-sectional study in which a self-madequestionnaire was used to know theknowledge and awareness of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and office ergonomics amongbankers.Google form link of the same was mailed to the 252 participants by making a list of all banksin Maval region, approached in person and telephonically and their data was collected.After collectingthe data,it was analysed statistically and representation of qualitative characteristics like age, genderwas represented through graphical pie charts. The survey results were shown as percentage in the formof graphical representation through pie charts and in the tabular form.Results: Through results it was seen that bankers were aware about work-related musculoskeletaldisorders and office ergonomics but were not implementing it their working tenure.
Physical Activity Levels among Community Dwelling and Care Home Dwelling Elderly Population
Authors: Sudhir Kumar  , Sudheera Kunduru  , Demonge Kushan Anthony
Published: December 2021

Background: Ageing is frequently associated with a decrease in physical activity and consequently adecline in physical fitness. Physical activity is associated with psychological health, and a large numberof studies have begun to document preventive effects for depression or neurodegenerative diseases.However, health-related quality of life is composed not only of a physical or cognitive functioningdomain, but also by the feelings of well-being.Objective: To determine the difference in physical activity levels among community dwelling and carehome dwelling elderly population.Method: 100 healthy elderly subjects aged 60 to 85 years were included in the study, out of which 50subjects were recruited from community and 50 subjects were recruited from care homes. Physicalactivity level of all the subjects was assessed using Frenchay Activity Index (FAI).Results: Krushkal Wallis ANOVA test was carried out to compare the values between the groups forFrenchay Activity Index (FAI) and it was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concludedthat the physical activity levels ofthe elderly population in community dwelling was significantly better than those who were living incare homes.
Foraminiferal stratigraphy in a marine Eemian­Weichselian sequence at Apholm, North Jutland
Authors: Knudsen K. L.
Published: December 2021

Undisturbed core material is investigated for the first time from a marine Quaternary sequence through the Eemian of North Jutland. Core samples were examined from 86 m-190 m depth in a 202.6 m deep boring at Apholm. The marine sequence from that interval was subdivided into 4 biozones based on its foraminiferal content.
Zone AP3 (190-140 m) contains boreal and boreal-lusitanian faunas indicating a water depth of at least 60-100 m. This zone is referred to the Eemian Interglacial. The Late Saatian/Eemian transition is identified at 190.2 m depth (AP4). The faunas of zone AP2 (140-113 m) record the onset of a major deterioration in climate and a considerable shallowing of the marine environment. The climate is then seen to fluctuate between arctic and boreal-arctic in zone APl (113 m to at least 86 m). This indicates the succeeding stadia! and interstadial periods. Zones AP2 and APl are referred to the Early and Middle Weichselian.
The foraminiferal zones at Apholm are compared with the marine sequence at Skrerumhede. In addition, an attempt is made to relate these zones to the oxygen isotope chronology and to the Late Quaternary climatic regimes of the Norwegian Sea.
Problems and prospects for the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine in the conditions of transformation economy
Authors: KOVTUNENKO Yurii , KOVTUNENKO Dmytro , FOMINA Nataliia
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of prospects, problems and opportunities for the development of social entrepreneurship, which necessitates the study and generalization of the experience of Ukraine and other countries. The paper examines the main approaches to defining the concept of “social entrepreneurship”, in particular a broad approach, combined (commercial and social), innovative and problem-oriented approaches. It is generalized that social entrepreneurship is an activity aimed at solving social problems and meeting the needs of society; a unique opportunity to combine a social mission and a desire to make money, provide some services and sell goods. The historical aspects of the formation of this type of entrepreneurship are considered. The functions aimed at adapting to crisis situations and the conditions necessary for the existence and full functioning of social entrepreneurship are highlighted. The main functions of social entrepreneurship are the creation of new jobs and reduction of social tension. The issues related to the negative factors and problems of development of this type of entrepreneurship are substantiated and covered. It was found that the process of forming a tool for managing social entrepreneurship in the country of transformation economy is quite slow. At the same time, the most acute problem is the lack of start-up investments and the lack of competition for funding, as well as bureaucracy, corruption, rapid price increases and the instability of the state economy. Opportunities and measures have been found that will allow companies to improve and develop in a positive way. These include: state support and the development of accompanying laws and regulations, the mobilization of untouched resources and the attraction of foreign investment.
Negotiation and mediation as a means of peaceful settlement of international economic disputes
Authors: KOZLOVSKYI Maksym
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Interstate interaction and integration, on the one hand, are the key to the successful functioning of humanity, and on the other hand, they provoke the emergence of international differences and conflicts, including those of an economic nature. Successful settlement of economic differences in accordance with the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes is a necessary condition for strengthening and developing international cooperation. The issue of peaceful settlement of economic disputes, including through the use of diplomatic means, has been studied by such authors as I.V. Grynchak, О.M. Malysheva, Z.V. Tropin, etc.
The purpose of the paper is to determine the specifics of negotiation and mediation as political ways to resolve economic disputes peacefully.
Results. In international legal doctrine, the most common is the division of peaceful means of resolving international disputes into diplomatic (political) and legal (judicial). The most common are negotiations, good services and mediation, international arbitration. International negotiations, as part of the system of international relations, on the one hand, feel their influence, acting as a tool in solving a range of foreign policy and, in some cases, domestic policy problems, on the other – themselves affect international relations, largely defining and shaping them. The difference between mediation and negotiation is that a third party intervenes in the dispute resolution process with the aim of reconciling the parties. At the same time, the role of the mediator is quite passive, the purpose of his activity is to establish a constructive dialogue between the conflicting states. Therefore, the result of applying this method in some cases can only be reduced to the resumption of negotiations.
Conclusion. Negotiation and mediation are diplomatic (political) means of peaceful settlement of international economic disputes. Such means of resolving international economic disputes are used in the presence of a common will of the parties to resolve the conflict, and a common focus on finding a mutually beneficial and compromise solution to the dispute. A key difference between negotiation and mediation is the involvement of a third party in the mediation process, which helps the parties to reach an agreed and compromise solution.
Modernization of Ukraine's economy: strategic aspects
Authors: MOROZ Liudmyla , PROSOVYCH Olha
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the issue of modernization of Ukrainian economy through the prism of strategic aspects of its implementation. The introduction states that the constant renewal of the economy, which is designed to ensure the lag of Ukrainian development from the developed countries, is based on the successful modernization of the economy in the direction of democratic and dynamic development of the country. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the need to modernize the economy of Ukraine and characterize the strategic directions of its implementation.
It is explained what efforts the state needs to make for the successful modernization of the economic system of Ukraine, given the globalization changes in modern society. It is substantiated that effective structural modernization of the economy requires adequate financial support, which is designed to ensure qualitative change in society. It is argued that public policy in the field of economic modernization should be part of the overall mechanism of modernization, which involves solving three interrelated problems. The conditions to be met by successful reforms in the field of economic modernization have been determined. It is proved that the strategic directions of modernization of Ukraine's economy should take into account the need to implement reforms in accordance with the need to introduce the most effective formats, mechanisms and principles of economic process management in the country. Strategic directions of modernization of Ukrainian economy at the present stage are formulated.
In conclusion, it is substantiated that the modernization of the Ukrainian economy is an objectively necessary and inevitable process designed to ensure the growth of welfare and the development of positive transformational changes in the country. Modernization changes must be carried out in accordance with certain efforts of the state aimed at obtaining the best result of the functioning of the economic system. It is concluded that reforms in the economy of Ukraine should be carried out in accordance with a clear strategy of its development and strategic directions, which will implement the chosen state course to modernize the national economy and build an economic system in accordance with the level of developed countries.
The influence of the risk-oriented system of funded pension provision on the socio-economic security of the state
Authors: ACHKASOVA Svitlana
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The implementation of a risk-oriented approach is an important issue for implementation in various fields.
The purpose of the paper is to assess the impact of the risk-oriented system of funded pension provision on the socio-economic security of the state.
The method of analysis of T. Saati's hierarchies was used to assess the impact of the instruments of the risk-oriented system of accumulative pension provision on the socio-economic security of the state.
Results. The highest priority is given to 3 instruments: use of tools for identification and formation of risk profile of accumulative pension entities – 1st place (0,295), introduction of internal risk management system for funded pension entities in the field of funded pension provision – 2nd place (0,278); establishment of general requirements to the performance indicators of the subjects of accumulative pension provision, in particular financial monitoring – 3rd place (0,166).
Conclusion. Scenarios for the development of socio-economic security of the state are modeled. It is determined that the scenario of accelerated development is more probable in assessing the impact of instruments for implementing a risk-oriented system of funded pension provision, in particular: use of tools for identification and formation of a risk profile of the activities of the subjects of the accumulative pension provision; use the criteria of risk-oriented composition of investment areas of pension assets in the field of funded pension provision; use of FINTECH, REGTECH in the field of funded pension provision; use of financial mediation in the field of funded pension provision; establishment of general requirements to the performance indicators of the subjects of funded pension provision, in particular financial monitoring; introduction of an internal risk management system for the activities of the subjects of the funded pension provision in the sphere of the funded pension provision.
Trends in the development of the air transportation market of Ukraine and influencing factors
Authors: OVSAK Oksana , SADLOVSKA Iryna , LISKOVYCH Nazarii
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Given the current complex realities of conducting aviation business in a pandemic, the application of large-scale measures to combat its spread, as well as taking into account the development of liberalization of the air market, analysis of the effectiveness of Ukrainian airlines and identify current trends in Ukraine's air transportation market is an important task.
The purpose of the paper is to investigate state of air transportation market in Ukraine in dynamics, to identify current trends and status of national airlines.
Results. After the recession of 2014-2015, the volume of international passenger traffic by domestic airlines increased during the period 2016-2019. In 2020, it decreased by 76 %. At the same time, passenger traffic of Ukrainian airlines decreased by 65 % compared to 2019. Over the past five years, Ukraine’s air transportation market has evolved from highly concentrated to moderately concentrated. During this period, domestic airlines were more active in carrying out charter flights, while foreign airlines began to dominate in performing regular and scheduled flights with active participation of leading European low-cost airlines. Analysis of the market share of airlines with the largest volumes of passenger air traffic in air market of Ukraine showed that over past three years there has been a rapid decline in market shares of leading network airlines, both domestic and foreign. There was a rapid growth of market shares of foreign airlines – low-cost carriers.
Conclusions. The changes identified in the air transportation market of Ukraine can be explained not only by the consequences of the pandemic, but also by the consequences of air transportation market liberalization. The signing of the Agreement on the Common Aviation Area in September 2021 between Ukraine and the EU will have a direct impact on the development of air transportation market of Ukraine, both in terms of supply and demand. Domestic airlines will be able to benefit from market liberalization only if they increase their competitiveness.
Recubrimiento comestible a partir del mucilago del café (Coffea arabica) para la conservación de manzanas
Authors: Ramírez Flores Mirian Edelmira , Troyes Nuñez Wendy , Diaz Oscar , Riojas Marcos
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la formulación de un recubrimiento comestible (RC) a partir del aprovechamiento del mucílago del café y su aplicación en la conservación de manzanas Red Delicious. Se realizó formulaciones de mucilago y gelatina en las proporciones (F1: 94 y 6%; F2: 92 y 8%; F3: 90 y 10%; F4: 88 y 12%). La formulación fue mediante el método de inmersión de la fruta durante un minuto, se secaron a temperatura ambiente y se almacenaron por 15 días. En este periodo, se evaluó características fisicoquímicas (pérdida de peso, °Brix, pH, acidez titulable, e índice de madurez), se realizó un análisis microbiológico y sensorial al final del tiempo de almacenamiento. Las características fisicoquímicas y sensoriales se evaluaron mediante un análisis de varianza y prueba Tukey 95%. Los resultados en la aplicación del RC en sus diferentes formulaciones ayudaron a controlar las características fisicoquímicas y su aplicación es microbiológicamente segura. Por último, el análisis sensorial mostró que la formulación F1 presenta mejor aceptación, según la Prueba de Tukey a un nivel de confianza del 95%. Esta formulación no altera las características sensoriales, retrasa la maduración y deterioro, preserva sus atributos comerciales y alimenticios.
Contaminación del aire por partículas sedimentables en domicilios en la zona urbana de la Provincia de Leoncio Prado, Departamento de Huánuco
Authors: Livia Kheffinir , Reátegui-Inga Manuel , Aguirre Casiano , Cabrejos Jorge , Reátegui Reiner
Published: December 2021

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la contaminación del aire por partículas sedimentables en domicilios en la zona urbana de la Provincia de Leoncio Prado, Departamento de Huánuco. El tipo de estudio fue transversal y de nivel descriptivo, la muestra estuvo conformada por 12 zonas de monitoreo. Para el diseño del soporte de placas receptoras, la recolección de muestras y cálculos de la concentración de partículas sedimentables se utilizó los procedimientos del Boletín Oficial del Estado de 1976. Los resultados indican que para la zona de la Av. Amazonas fue de 0.372 mg/cm2/mes, Jr. Julio Burga 0.384 mg/cm2/mes, Av. Raymondi 0.430 mg/cm2/mes, Naranjillo Centro 0.478 mg/cm2/mes, Electrocentro 0.633 mg/cm2/mes, Naranjillo Entrada 0.705 mg/cm2/mes, Afilador 0.722 mg/cm2/mes, Av. Raymondi 0.955 mg/cm2/mes, Brisas del Huallaga 0.966 mg/cm2/mes, Castillo Grande Entrada 0.989 mg/cm2/mes, Supte San Jorge 1.018 mg/cm2/mes y Castillo Grande Centro 1.148 mg/cm2/mes. En conclusión, existió 8 zonas de monitoreo que excedieron los Límites Máximos Permisibles (LMP) de 0.5 mg/cm2/mes establecidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS).
Calidad microbiológica del agua de consumo humano del sector Fila alta-Jaén, 2019
Authors: Vargas Melina , Calle Nander , Ocaña Candy , Garay Juan
Published: December 2021

El estudio se realizó en el sector Fila Alta-Jaén-Cajamarca, con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad microbiológica del agua destinada al consumo humano mediante el recuento de coliformes totales (CT), coliformes termotolerantes (CTT) y bacterias heterotróficas (BH). Se analizaron 32 muestras, distribuidas en el sistema de abastecimiento como también de las redes de distribución de las viviendas, cumpliendo con el protocolo para la toma de muestras, preservación, conservación, transporte y recepción de agua para consumo humano-DIGESA-2015. Para la determinación de CT y CTT se empleó la metodología establecida en la Norma Técnica Peruana (NTP) sobre la calidad del agua; y para BH la técnica de incorporación (Por Plate Method). Los resultados indican un total de 31.66 % para CT, 13.59 % para CTT y 54.75 % para BH, superando los Límites Máximos Permisibles, de parámetros microbiológicos de agua de consumo humano, establecidos por el Reglamento de la Calidad del Agua para Consumo Humano-DS N° 031-2010-SA.
Methodology for accounting for the impact of the business reputation of the executive body and members of the board of directors of a joint-stock company on the business value
Authors:   Synergy University, Kosorukova Olga D.
Published: December 2021

According to the modern theory of corporate finance, the goal of managing the company’s finances is to maximize the market value of the business, which is also an opportunity to increase the competitiveness of the business. Аnalysis of price-forming factors of business value is the basis for making effective financial decisions by management. This article is devoted to the analysis of the impact on the business value of the business reputation of the company’s executive body and members of the board of directors. This analysis is also related to corporate governance review of the business, as it is within the framework of corporate governance examines the relationship between management and owners of a company and its impact on business value. The aim of the research is to develop a methodology for accounting for the impact of the business reputation of the executive body of a joint-stock company on the value of its business. The objective of the research is to identify criteria for assessing the impact of the business reputation of the executive body and a member of the board of directors of a joint-stock company on the business value. Research is based on a general scientific methodology, which provides for the use of methods of systematic and comparative analysis, analysis and synthesis, methods and approaches of evaluation activities. The article examines the role of business reputation of members of the management bodies of a joint-stock company at the present stage of corporate governance development and its impact on the business value. As a result, the importance and possibility of using the business reputation indicator to assess the value of a business through the prism of applying a revenue approach in valuation is proved. Accounting for the impact of the business reputation of members of the board of directors and executive bodies of organizations on the business value is considered in two directions: by influencing the amount of cash flow and by taking into account the discount rate.
Methodological forks of antimonopoly regulation of digital markets: ideas and meanings of the digital agenda of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Knyazeva Irina V. , Aitzhanov Aldash T. ,   Center for Competition Policy Development and Protection JSC, Bychkova Yelena S. ,   Center for Competition Policy Development and Protection JSC
Published: December 2021

The article continues the point of view of the experts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the issues of developing a set of measures and recommendations for regulating digital markets. Currently, among the professional community, lawyers and economists, the draft regulatory measures to the Entrepreneur Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (EC RK) – the main legislative act providing for antitrust regulation in the state- is widely discussed. The article describes the substantive provisions of legislative initiatives in the digital field of the Republic of Kazakhstan and recommendations for their improvement, as well as methodological barriers to digital regulation. The article reflects the issues of the digital agenda of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as the latest decisions and regulatory documents submitted by both national (China, Japan, Germany, Great Britain) and international regulators. Particular attention is paid to certain provisions of the Digital Markets Act (Digital Markets Act-DMA), the draft of which the European Commission has proposed to the European Parliament for discussion at the end of 2020. The article reflects the content characteristics of the term “gatekeeper”, introduced for the first time, which reveals the priority characteristics of the behavior of the main digital platform for creating the most balanced regime of regulatory norms in the field of antitrust enforcement.