bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic Assessment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Following Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Fraga María V. , Dysart Kevin C. , Stoller Jason Z. , Huber Matthew , Fedec Anysia , Mercer-Rosa Laura , Kirpalani Haresh
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is an effective pulmonary vasodilator. However, the efficacy of iNO in former premature infants with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) has not been studied. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of iNO in reducing pulmonary artery pressure in infants with severe BPD as measured by echocardiography. Study Design: Prospective, observational study enrolling infants born at less than 32 weeks gestation and in whom (1) iNO therapy was initiated after admission to our institution, or (2) at the outside institution less than 48 h before transfer and received an echocardiogram prior to iNO initiation, and (3) had severe BPD. Data were collected at three time-points: (1) before iNO; (2) 12–48 h after initiation of iNO; and (3) 48–168 h after initiation of iNO. The primary outcome was the effect of iNO on pulmonary artery pressure measured by echocardiography in patients with severe BPD between 48 and 168 h after initiating iNO therapy. Results: Of 37 enrolled, 81% had echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) before iNO and 56% after 48 h of iNO (p = 0.04). FiO2 requirements were significantly different between time-points (1) and (3) (p = 0.05). There were no significant differences between Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) Z-Scores, time to peak velocity: right ventricular ejection time (TPV:RVET), and ventilator changes. Conclusions: Although we found a statistically significant reduction of PAH between time-point (1) and (3), future trials are needed to further guide clinical care.
Primary Health Care Physicians Perceptions about Centralized Electronic Prescription Service in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hammad Mohammed Ahmed M. , Kalevaru Chandra Sekhar , Al Yahia Omer , Almutairi Abdulaziz , Almogbel Faisal , Abalkhail Bandar Mohammad , Albahli Rand Albahli
Published: August 2023

Introduction: In the current era, electronic prescriptions are increasing in developed countries including Saudi Arabia, where the resources were adequate to manage the manpower and technical issues. The objective of the study was to find the perceptions of the physicians about the centralized electronic prescriptions at the primary health care centers (PHCCs) and suggestions to improve the existing service. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the PHC physicians and distributed questionnaires to 200 physicians through Google Links. Based on the WhatsApp group numbers, circulated a questionnaire to entire Qassim PHCC physicians and 131 physicians responded to our survey. Data were entered and analyzed with SPSS 21.0 version and necessary statistical tests were applied. Results: In the current study, 70.2% (n-92) were males and 40.5% (n-53) were 25–35 years of age. About 91.6% (n-120) of physicians gave an opinion of average and above satisfaction regarding Wasfaty service. Approximately, one-fifth of physicians (20.6%, n-27) gave their opinion as did not face difficulty with Wasfaty service. Approximately, half of the physicians (53.4%, n-70) gave a response as the Wasfaty service did not reduce the waiting time for the patient. There was significant association was observed among physicians fully satisfied with increasing prescription time and age (p < 0.05). One-third, 34.8% (n-55) of physicians gave an opinion on an internet problem, and 26.6% (n-42) physicians mentioned more options of medication at Wasfaty service. Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, PHCC physicians’ satisfaction regarding the Wasfaty service was good. But, need to address certain modifiable issues like internet problems, and more options for medication availability at Wasfaty service. Need similar studies as a follow-up survey are required to substantiate the current study findings and to improve Wasfaty service satisfaction.
Dandy-Walker Malformation in a Girl with DDX3X-Related Intellectual Disability
Authors: Rafat Karima , Abdel-Hamid Mohamed S. , Abdel-Salam Ghada M.H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: We report on a 4-year-old female patient who presented with severe intellectual disability, autistic features, hyperlaxity of joints, and progressive scoliosis. Whole-exome sequencing identified a de novo missense variant (c.976C>T; p.Arg326Cys) in DDX3X. Case Presentation: The girl was born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia a finding which had not previously been associated with variants in DDX3X. Her brain MRI showed hypogenesis of corpus callosum, ventriculomegaly, frontal and perisylvian polymicrogyria, and hypoplastic pons in addition to Dandy-Walker malformation. Conclusion: Our results confirmed the phenotype and genotype correlation of missense variants and the polymicrogyria. Moreover, it further expands the knowledge of the phenotypic and molecular features of DDX3X-related intellectual disability.
A Case of Mesangial Proliferative Nephritis Caused by Slow Cryoglobulin
Authors: Hashimoto Seiji , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Maoka Tomochika , Yamamoto Rie , Araki Shinichi , Suzuki Akira , Fukasawa Yuichiro , Koike Takao
Published: August 2023

The patient was a woman in her 60s. She was found to have proteinuria on a health checkup. She did not have any particular subjective symptoms, and no definitive diagnosis was made, despite serological findings indicative of immune abnormalities. A renal biopsy was performed. Light microscopy of renal tissue section revealed mesangial proliferative nephritis. Electron microscopic findings included electron-dense deposits and fibrillar/tubular structures with a diameter of 20–30 nm. These findings suggested the presence of cryoglobulin (CG), but CG was not detected in qualitative or quantitative hematologic tests. Thus, the serum samples were stored at 37°C for a long period of time and then cooled to 4°C. When the obtained precipitates were examined, CG was successfully detected. CG that precipitates only after a long period of time is referred to as slow cryoglobulin (sCG), and sCG is extremely rare. The present case is the first documented case, to our knowledge, of renal disorders caused by sCG. It should be noted that there are some cases in which it takes much time for CG to precipitate. Thus, when CG cannot be detected, it is necessary to spend much time to determine whether CG precipitates.
Low-Frequency Audiometric Notch and Vascular Risk in Age-Related Hearing Loss
Authors: Simões João , Vlaminck Stephan , Seiça Raquel , Acke Frederic , Miguéis Antonio
Published: August 2023

Background: Previous studies found a relationship between audiometric patterns and the risk of developing vascular disease and considered the strial and low-sloping hearing loss of interest in predicting vascular disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether low-frequency audiometric patterns can be associated with the presence of vascular risk in a group of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) patients. Methods: A retrospective case series of 156 patients diagnosed with ARHL between July 2021 and July 2022 was assessed for a possible correlation between vascular risk factors (e.g., high blood pressure [HBP], diabetes mellitus [DM], and dyslipidemia [DLP]) and audiometric patterns. Results: One hundred fifty-six patients (79 women and 77 men) with a mean age of 73.2 ± 10.9 years who were diagnosed with ARHL were studied. A low-frequency audiometric notch at 250 Hz or 500 Hz verified in 36 patients was significantly associated with the presence of HBP, DM, or DLP (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48–8.46, p < 0.001). A positive association between low-frequency hearing loss and the presence of at least 1 cardiovascular risk factor (adjusted OR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.01–4.62, p = 0.046) was verified. No other association was observed between audiometric patterns and vascular risk factors. Conclusion: Low-frequency audiometric notches might be related to vascular risk in ARHL patients and merit future attention in larger population studies.
Financial Advisers’ and Key Informants’ Perspectives on the Australian Industry-Led Moratorium on Genetic Tests in Life Insurance
Authors: Haining Casey Michelle , Tiller Jane , Otlowski Margaret , Gleeson Penny , Murawski Carsten , Barlow-Stewart Kristine , Lacaze Paul , McInerney-Leo Aideen , Keogh Louise Anne
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Genetic discrimination (GD) in the context of life insurance is a perennial concern in Australia and internationally. To address such concerns in Australia, an industry self-regulated Moratorium on Genetic Tests in Life Insurance was introduced in 2019 to restrict life insurers from using genetic test results in underwriting for policies under certain limits. Financial advisers (FAs) are sometimes engaged by clients to provide financial advice and assist them to apply for life insurance. They are therefore well-placed to comment on GD and the operation of the Moratorium. Despite this, the financial advising sector in Australia has yet to be studied empirically with regards to GD and the Moratorium. This study aims to capture this perspective by reporting on interviews with the financial advising sector. Methods: Ten semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with FAs and key informants and were analysed using thematic analysis. Conclusion(s): Participants’ level of awareness and understanding of the Moratorium varied. Participants reported mixed views on the Moratorium’s effectiveness, how it operates in practice, and perceived industry compliance. Participants also provided reflections on Australia’s current approach to regulating GD, with most participants supporting the concept of industry self-regulation but identifying a need for this to be supplemented with external oversight and meaningful recourse mechanisms for consumers. Our results suggest that there is scope to increase FAs’ awareness of GD, and that further research, consultation, and policy consideration are required to identify an optimal regulatory response to GD in Australia.
Current Status and Future Direction of Albumin-Bilirubin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zhang Youao , Yang Huiling , Zhou Qi , Chen Ke , Wang Jieyan , Liang Hui
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor, so we need a convenient and objective way to diagnose and treat HCC. We discuss the current situation, progress, hotspots, and existing problems of Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) in HCC, which can provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC. Methods: We adopt Excel 2019 software and visual analysis tools based on Web of Science database search. This manuscript uses VOSviewer, Co-Occurrence13.3 (COOC13.3) software to conduct overall trend analysis, synonym merging, frequency of countries, journals, institutions, funds, dissimilarity matrices, co-occurrence matrices, bimodal matrices, coupling matrices, cluster analysis of topic evolution time zone graphs. Results: A total of 610 papers were included, and the number of papers output showed an overall upward trend. ALBI has been valued by the industry in HCC and plays an important role in diagnosing and treating HCC, even better than the classic Child-Pugh (C-P) grade. At the same time, hot spots in the treatment of HCC and other applications of ALBI were discovered. Conclusion: ALBI score is a convenient and objective liver function evaluation index, which plays an important role in the prediction of patient survival rate and prognosis. Promoting the ALBI score in HCC can help doctors judge the patient’s condition and improve the diagnosis and precise treatment effect.
Orca é baleia ou golfinho? as perguntas mais comuns sobre os cetáceos finalmente respondidas
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto Oceanográfico, Santos Marcos César de Oliveira
Published: August 2023

Este ebook é mais um produto de extensão cultural do Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos do Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo. É uma produção independente que atende aos anseios da Década da Ciência Oceânica para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (2021 – 2030), declarada pela Organização das Nações Unidas, cujas perspectivas visam à mobilização de recursos e inovação tecnológica em ciência oceânica para entregar à sociedade um oceano limpo, saudável e resiliente, previsível, seguro, produtivo e explotado sustentavelmente, e com acesso aberto aos dados, informações e tecnologias. A obra apresenta respostas às 42 perguntas mais comuns sobre baleias e suas diferenças com os golfinhos, em uma linguagem descontraída e está recheado de ilustrações e de fotografias. Isso porque, segundo os cientistas, Cetáceos é um termo que engloba, de uma maneira geral e por força de uso popular, as “baleias” e os “golfinhos”. Esse produto visa atender ao público jovem e adulto, às professoras e aos professores de todos os níveis de ensino, à classe profissional de jornalistas, aos amantes do mar que desfrutam do mesmo por meio da prática de esportes e de inúmeras atividades de lazer, e a quem tem apreço e curiosidade sobre os cetáceos.
Democracia digital, consensualização e o estado brasileiro: reflexões à luz da lei nº 14.129/2021
Authors: Faleiros Júnior José Luiz de Moura
Published: August 2023

Na hodierna sociedade da informação, em que a presença da tecnologia modifica sobremaneira a forma pe-la qual os indivíduos interagem entre si e, inclusive, com o Estado, toda a vetusta lógica de funcionamento das instituições, a partir da dicotomia entre os interesses público e privado, passa a demandar profunda ressignificação, o que constitui a problemática desta pesquisa. O direito público passa por estágio marcan-te no que tange à efetivação da cidadania, tida como fundamento da República Federativa do Brasil e postu-lado essencial para a legitimação da democracia. A partir dessa premissa, a hipótese ora tratada analisa os parâmetros de controle da Administração Pública na formação do consenso para a tomada de decisões por meio da utilização de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) em virtude da consolidação propi-ciada pela Lei nº 14.129/2021 (Lei do Governo Digital). A pesquisa utilizará o método de abordagem his-tórico-sociológico, com análise bibliográfico-doutrinária. Ao final, serão apresentadas as considerações finais, das quais se procurará extrair uma compreensão mais assertiva quanto à necessidade de ressignifi-cação do pilar de sustentação do direito público.
Contratos administrativos e nulidades: uma análise a partir das leis nº 8.666/93 e nº 14.133/21
Authors: Santos Bruna Aline Freire dos
Published: August 2023

As licitações e contratos administrativos possuem previsão constitucional. A regulamentação infraconstitucional era feita pela Lei nº 8.666/93, contudo, no ano de 2021, foi promulgada a Lei nº 14.133/21. A nova lei inovou em alguns aspectos e introduziu um novo e distinto sistema de nulidades a ser aplicado aos contratos administrativos. O presente artigo buscou analisar as principais diferenças entre os sistemas de nulidades das Leis supracitadas, por meio de uma análise da evolução desses sistemas em ambos os diplomas, bem como dos precedentes jurisprudenciais e normativos. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica, na doutrina especializada, e documental, na legislação pertinente. Verificou-se que as principais distinções entre os sistemas de nulidades das referidas leis são a extensão do texto legal que aborda o tema, o procedimento indicado para declaração de nulidade, bem como as previsões de indenização em caso de impossibilidade de retorno à situação fática anterior, e de modulação de efeitos da declaração de nulidade na nova lei. Ademais, constatou-se uma nova postura trazida na nova legislação no sentido de priorizar a manutenção do contrato, devido à influência do consequencialismo e do realismo introduzidos pela Lei nº 13.655/2018 e dos novos princípios inseridos na própria Lei nº 14.133/21.
Enriquecimento ilícito por evolução patrimonial incompatível do agente público depois da Lei n.º 14.230/2021: uma interpretação e aplicação constitucional e convencionalmente compatível
Authors: Witczak Alan Bolzan
Published: August 2023

O objetivo do texto consiste em explicitar a necessidade de adequada interpretação e aplicação do art. 9º, inciso VII, da Lei de Improbidade Administrativa após as alterações promovidas pela Lei n.º 14.230/2021. Propõe-se: (a) uma hermenêutica constitucional e convencionalmente compatível da disposição legal, de modo a se evitar o esvaziamento de importante instituto voltado ao combate à corrupção e ilicitudes pra-ticadas na administração pública; (b) a análise da estruturação da inferência probatória decorrente das ma-tizações da norma substantiva.
Electrical Resynchronization and Clinical Outcomes During Long-Term Follow-Up in Intraventricular Conduction Delay Patients Applied Left Bundle Branch Pacing-Optimized Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Chen Xueying , Li Xiao , Bai Yingnan , Wang Jingfeng , Qin Shengmei , Bai Jin , Wang Wei , Liang Yixiu , Chen Haiyan , Su Yangang , Ge Junbo
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Left bundle branch-optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy (LOT-CRT) has shown encouraging results for QRS duration reduction and heart function improvement. However, the feasibility and efficacy of LOT-CRT have not been well established in intraventricular conduction delay patients. This study aims to assess and compare the efficacy and clinical outcome of CRT based on left bundle branch pacing, combined with coronary sinus left ventricular pacing (LOT-CRT) with CRT via biventricular pacing (BiV-CRT) in intraventricular conduction delay patients indicated for CRT.

METHODS:

Consecutive patients with intraventricular conduction delay and CRT indications were assigned nonrandomized to LOT-CRT (n=30) or BiV-CRT (n=55). Addition of the left bundle branch pacing (or coronary venous) lead was at the discretion of the implanting physician guided by suboptimal paced QRS complex and on clinical grounds. Echocardiographic parameters and clinical characteristics were accessed at baseline and during 2-years’ follow-up.

RESULTS:

Success rate for LOT-CRT and BiV-CRT was 96.8% and 96.4%. LOT-CRT had greater reduction of QRS duration compared with BiV-CRT (42.7±17.4 ms versus 21.9±21.5 ms;
P
<0.001). Higher left ventricular ejection fraction was also achieved in LOT-CRT than BiV-CRT at 6-month (36.7±9.8% versus 30.5±6.4%;
P
<0.05), 12-month (34.8±7.6% versus 30.3±6.2%;
P
<0.05), 18-month (36.3±7.9% versus 28.1±6.6%;
P
<0.005), and 24-month follow-up (37±9.5% versus 30.5±7%;
P
<0.05). Adverse clinical outcomes including heart failure rehospitalization and mortality were lower in LOT-CRT group for 24 months follow-up (hazard ratio, 0.33;
P
=0.035).

CONCLUSIONS:

LOT-CRT improves ventricular electrical synchrony and may provide greater clinical outcomes as compared with BiV-CRT in intraventricular conduction delay patients. These findings need further evaluation in future randomized controlled trials.
Physician-Modified Endograft–Facilitated Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Large Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: Ueyama Hiroki A. , Greenbaum Adam B. , Leshnower Bradley G. , Keeling Brent , Block Peter C. , Byku Isida , Ligon R. Allen , Grier Elizabeth , Shekiladze Nikoloz , Gleason Patrick T. , Xie Joe , Kim Dennis W. , Babaliaros Vasilis C. , Duwayri Yazan
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) in patients with a congenital or acquired abnormality resulting in enlarged right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is challenging and may preclude treatment with dedicated devices. We describe a technique using a physician-modified endograft to facilitate TPVR.

METHODS:

Six patients underwent physician-modified endograft–facilitated TPVR for severe symptomatic pulmonary insufficiency with enlarged RVOT. The fenestration was created in a commercially available endograft before implantation, which was then deployed from the dominant branch pulmonary artery into the RVOT, with the fenestration aligned with the ostium of the nondominant pulmonary artery. A covered stent was placed through the fenestration into the nondominant branch pulmonary artery, and a transcatheter heart valve was deployed within the endograft at the level of the original pulmonary valve.

RESULTS:

Four patients had tetralogy of Fallot, 1 had pulmonary atresia, and 1 had rheumatic valve disease. The RVOT/main pulmonary artery was severely enlarged (diameter, 44.2 [43.5–50.6] mm). All patients had reduced right ventricular (RV) function and dilated RVs (RV end-diastolic volume, 314 [235–316] mL). Successful endograft, covered stent, and transcatheter heart valve deployment were achieved in all cases without stent/valve embolization, vascular complications, or bleeding complications. At 30 days, 1 patient had mild pulmonary insufficiency, while others had none. The RV size measured by echocardiography was significantly reduced after TPVR (RV area, 34.4 [baseline] versus 29.0 [pre-discharge] versus 25.3 [30 days] cm
2
;
P
=0.03). During median follow-up of 221.5 (range, 29–652) days, there were no deaths or need for pulmonary valve reintervention. One patient developed severe tricuspid regurgitation due to entrapment of the anterior tricuspid leaflet by the endograft. The patient underwent successful tricuspid replacement and resection of the offending endograft with preservation of the pulmonary valve prosthesis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Simple fenestration of an off-the-shelf endograft and associated covered stent placement through the fenestration allows TPVR for patients with dysfunctional native or patch-repaired pulmonary valves and RVOT enlargement.
Electric Field Navigated 1-Hz rTMS for Poststroke Motor Recovery: The E-FIT Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Edwards Dylan J. , Liu Charles Y. , Dunning Kari , Fregni Felipe , Laine Jarmo , Leiby Benjamin E. , Rogers Lynn M. , Harvey Richard L.
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:

To determine if low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting the primary motor cortex contralateral (M1
CL
) to the affected corticospinal tract in patients with hemiparetic stroke augments intensive training–related clinical improvement; an extension of the NICHE trial (Navigated Inhibitory rTMS to Contralesional Hemisphere Trial) using an alternative sham coil.

METHODS:

The present E-FIT trial (Electric Field Navigated 1Hz rTMS for Post-stroke Motor Recovery Trial) included 5 of 12 NICHE trial outpatient US rehabilitation centers. The stimulation protocol remained identical (1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, M1
CL
, preceding 60-minute therapy, 18 sessions/6 wks; parallel arm randomized clinical trial). The sham coil appearance mimicked the active coil but without the weak electric field in the NICHE trial sham coil. Outcomes measured 1 week, and 1, 3, and 6 months after the end of treatment included the following: upper extremity Fugl-Meyer (primary, 6 months after end of treatment), Action Research Arm Test, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, quality of life (EQ-5D), and safety.

RESULTS:

Of 60 participants randomized, 58 completed treatment and were included for analysis. Bayesian analysis of combined data from the E-FIT and the NICHE trials indicated that active treatment was not superior to sham at the primary end point (posterior mean odds ratio of 1.94 [96% credible interval of 0.61–4.80]). For the E-FIT intent-to-treat population, upper extremity Fugl-Meyer improvement ≥5 pts occurred in 60% (18/30) active group and 50% (14/28) sham group. Participants enrolled 3 to 6 months following stroke had a 67% (31%–91% CI) response rate in the active group at the 6-month end point versus 50% in the sham group (21.5%–78.5% CI). There were significant improvements from baseline to 6 months for both active and sham groups in upper extremity Fugl-Meyer, Action Research Arm Test, and EQ-5D (
P
<0.05). Improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was observed only in the active group (
P
=0.004). Ten serious unrelated adverse events occurred (4 active group, 6 sham group,
P
=0.72).

CONCLUSIONS:

Intensive motor rehabilitation 3 to 12 months after stroke improved clinical impairment, function, and quality of life; however, 1 Hz-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was not an effective treatment adjuvant in the present sample population with mixed lesion location and extent.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03010462.
Abelmoschus odishae (Malvoideae: Malvaceae): a new wild okra from tropical Eastern India
Authors: MISRA R. C.
Published: August 2023

Abelmoschus odishae (Malvoideae: Malvaceae), a new species, from a moist deciduous forest in Keonjhar district of Odisha in Eastern India, is described and illustrated. It shares morphological similarities with A. palianus, however, differs in characters exhibiting perennial large shrub; densely hispid prickly stem with long retrorse hairs; spinescent pedicel; 8 (7–9) segmented, lanceolate epicalyx; widely campanulate corolla; ovoid to oblong, bristly capsules; sub-reniform seeds with stout porrect trichomes. A field identification key for Indian Abelmoschus is also provided for ease of identification.
Description of a new species of Schizodon (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil
Authors: BRITSKI HERALDO A. , GARAVELLO JÚLIO C. , RAMIREZ JORGE L.
Published: August 2023

A new species of Schizodon with five dark transverse blotches on the body and a large black blotch at the end of the caudal peduncle is described from the rio Arinos, upper rio Tapajós basin, in the Brazilian Amazon. The new species shares a color pattern composed by transverse brown bars and a caudal fin blotch with Schizodon fasciatus and S. trivittatus but possess twelve rows of scales around the caudal peduncle, a unique character among the species of genus.
Good Practices and Common Pitfalls in Climate Time Series Changepoint Techniques: A Review
Authors: Lund Robert B. , Beaulieu Claudie , Killick Rebecca , Lu QiQi , Shi Xueheng
Published: August 2023

Climate changepoint (homogenization) methods abound today, with a myriad of techniques existing in both the climate and statistics literature. Unfortunately, the appropriate changepoint technique to use remains unclear to many. Further complicating issues, changepoint conclusions are not robust to perturbations in assumptions; for example, allowing for a trend or correlation in the series can drastically change changepoint conclusions. This paper is a review of the topic, with an emphasis on illuminating the models and techniques that allow the scientist to make reliable conclusions. Pitfalls to avoid are demonstrated via actual applications. The discourse begins by narrating the salient statistical features of most climate time series. Thereafter, single- and multiple-changepoint problems are considered. Several pitfalls are discussed en route and good practices are recommended. While most of our applications involve temperatures, a sea ice series is also considered.

Significance Statement

This paper reviews the methods used to identify and analyze the changepoints in climate data, with a focus on helping scientists make reliable conclusions. The paper discusses common mistakes and pitfalls to avoid in changepoint analysis and provides recommendations for best practices. The paper also provides examples of how these methods have been applied to temperature and sea ice data. The main goal of the paper is to provide guidance on how to effectively identify the changepoints in climate time series and homogenize the series.
Arctic Sea Ice Loss Inducing Northwest Extension of Summer Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hu Rui , Zhang Jie , Chen Haishan , Ma Qianrong , Chen Zhiheng , Wu Shiying , Kuang Yuxin , Li Junjun
Published: August 2023

Summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has experienced obvious changes in recent decades, with significantly increased trends observed over the northern and western regions during 1961–2020. Results indicate that there are two pathways linking them to the reduced Arctic sea ice from late spring (April and May) to early summer (June and July). First, decreased sea ice in late spring favors wet and dry soil over the eastern Caspian Sea and northeastern TP by stimulating anomalous wavelike patterns and modulating snow melting. Furthermore, the soil moisture anomalies during late spring could maintain to July because of memory effects, strengthen the midlatitude Silk Road pattern, and contribute to the formation of a dipole mode around TP, characterized by a west cyclone and an east anticyclone. Second, through exciting an anomalous Rossby wave directly spreading from the Arctic to TP, a similar dipole pattern on 500-hPa geopotential height could be associated with the decline of sea ice in early summer. Consequently, enhanced southwesterly winds shown with the west cyclone cause more water vapor input to the western TP, while easterly anomalies along with the east anticyclone inhibit climatological westerly winds and prevent water vapor from outputting. This dipole pattern finally brings more moisture accumulated in the western and northern TP and increases the precipitation. This study links heterogeneous changes in summer precipitation over TP to Arctic sea ice changes and provides insights for further investigation into whether the TP could serve as a bridge connecting the Arctic and tropical climates.
Generational Differences in Local Identities, Participation in Social Movements, and Migration Intention Among Hong Kong People
Authors: Kan Man-Yee , Loa See Pok , Richards Lindsay
Published: August 2023

We adopt and extend Hirschman’s (1970) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty framework to investigate the associations between local identities, participation in social movements, and migration intention in Hong Kong. Data are from random sampled surveys collected from February to April 2021, June to August 2021, and March to June 2022 ( N = 3,003) from people in Hong Kong with the British National (Overseas) status. The findings show that the Hong Konger identity is associated with a higher level of participation in social movements and a stronger migration intention. There are few variations in these associations across the generations. Furthermore, participation in social movements is a strong push factor to migration, and no generational difference in the association is found.

Overall, the findings imply that when political freedom is in decline, as in the case of Hong Kong, a local identity is associated with voicing for reforms. In the case of failed social movements, a local identity and previous experiences in voicing out are associated with a higher chance of exit to another country.
Why Sanctions Termination Doesn’t Put an End to Humanitarian Crises: The Case of Sudan
Authors: Wang Yaohui , Alfakiali Amel Y. A. , Niu Yuhuang
Published: August 2023

A significant literature has demonstrated that the imposition of economic sanctions inflicts socio-economic hardships on civilian populations of target states. However, whether the negative humanitarian consequences can continue over the long term remains unclear. We explore this question in the context of the permanent lifting of comprehensive US sanctions against Sudan in October 2017. Relying on 41 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, we present an explanation about why Sudanese public suffering is likely to endure not only while sanctions are in place, but also long after they are terminated. This research indicates that sanctions’ negative externalities are higher than conventionally believed. It also underlines the necessity of the international community to provide conflict-affected states with pacification and reconstruction assistance, because merely the removal of sanctions is not an effective remedy for chronic vulnerability.
Geometrical imperfection sensitivity on in-plane compressive modulus and strength of honeycomb core and deviations from isotropy
Authors: Ayanoglu Mustafa O , Saseendran Vishnu , Carlsson Leif A
Published: August 2023

Honeycomb core sandwich may suffer from face/core debonding. Candidate debond fracture test specimens such as End-Notch Flexure (ENF) and Mixed Mode Bending (MMB) contain unbonded regions of the sandwich where the core is required to carry in-plane com-pressive load. In-plane modulus and compressive strength of honeycomb core are not pro-vided by core producers and must be estimated from unit cell models assuming perfect hexagonal cells. In this study it is shown that geometrical imperfections, such as deviations in the angle between cell walls and curved cell walls have a strong influence on modulus and strength because of deviations from transverse isotropy. A range of Nomex honeycomb cores were tested under in-plane compression. Modulus and strength ratios ( L/W) were found to vary from 0.3 to 3.24 and 0.96 to 1.8, respectively. Analysis based on unit cell models verified that deviations of the inclined cell wall angle, θ, from 30 ◦ is a major cause for orthotropy. Rounded corners and curved walls were analyzed using finite element analysis. Both principal elastic moduli of the core ( E L and E W) were reduced by the curvature while the Poisson’s ratios remained largely unaffected. Implications of the results for design of MMB and ENF fracture test specimens are discussed.
Analysis of Hepatitis D Virus in Minor Salivary Gland of Sjögren’s Disease
Authors: Hesterman M.C. , Furrer S.V. , Fallon B.S. , Weller M.L.
Published: August 2023

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has been detected in the minor salivary gland (MSG) tissue of Sjögren’s disease (SjD) patients in the absence of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection. Previous research has shown that HDV antigen (HDAg) expression can trigger an SjD-like phenotype in vivo, demonstrating a potential cause-and-effect relationship. We hypothesize that if HDV plays a role in the development of SjD, then HDV profiles may be correlated with disease manifestations. This retrospective study characterized HDV in a cohort of 48 SjD MSG samples collected between 2014 and 2021. Analyses of HDAg expression, including cell type and subcellular localization, in situ hybridization of HDV RNA, and comparative analyses with associated SjD and viral hepatitis clinical features, were conducted. HDAg was detected in MSG acinar, ductal, myoepithelial, and adipose cells and localized with the nuclei, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. In situ hybridization detected HDV genomic RNA localization in the MSG nuclei. A significant negative correlation was found between HDAg intensity and focal lymphocytic inflammation and in patients with both anti-SSA/Ro-52 and anti-SSA/Ro-60. In analyzing autoimmune disease comorbidities with SjD, it was found that SjD patients diagnosed with autoimmune thyroiditis and/or hypothyroidism were significantly more represented in the high HDAg intensity group compared to the negative and moderate HDAg intensity groups. No significant associations were detected between MSG-localized HDAg and liver enzymes or an evident HBV coinfection. This study has further confirmed that there is a nonhepatic reservoir for chronic HDV persistence in SjD-affected salivary gland tissue in a third independent SjD patient cohort. In addition, this study describes the unique colocalization of HDAg with mitochondria. The detection of HDV antigen and sequence within SjD-affected salivary gland tissue, and in the absence of an evident current or past HBV coinfection, warrants further investigation.
Revisiting the puzzle of endogenous nuclear proliferation
Authors: Katagiri Azusa
Published: August 2023

Nuclear proliferation literature typically differentiates supply-side and demand-side factors influencing the spread of nuclear weapons. These distinct approaches to the proliferation puzzle raise the following empirical questions: Does nuclear supply stimulate states’ demand for nuclear weapons? Conversely, does the demand for nuclear weapons really facilitate the acquisition of nuclear supply? If such endogeneity exists between the demand-side and supply-side determinants, how would it cause empirical bias in the estimation of their effects on nuclear proliferation? This article aims to unpack endogenous mechanisms of nuclear demand and nuclear supply over the course of nuclear proliferation. In particular, it examines two potential sources of endogeneity: (1) simultaneous interactions between states’ nuclear development decisions and nuclear technological capability and (2) selection bias in nuclear development. To address each source of endogeneity, simultaneous equation models and the duration models with selection are estimated, respectively. Contrary to what recent supply-side literature suggests, the empirical analyses reveal that states’ nuclear demand is primarily driven by external security threats instead of their existing nuclear technology, and that their successful acquisition of nuclear technology mainly follows as the result of nuclear development efforts but does not necessarily depend on individual supply-side factors. This article addresses the typical inference issues in nuclear proliferation research and contributes to our synthetic understanding of proliferation mechanisms.
A comprehensive literature review of Islam-oriented scales on religiosity, spirituality, and morality
Authors: Nabi Urfath , Shah Shawkat Ahmad , Seh Adil Hussain
Published: August 2023

Measurements play a significant role in the scientific investigation of religious phenomena. The study of religion, in general, has attracted considerable attention from academia and literature. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic analysis of the literature regarding scales that have been developed for measuring variables with Islamic relevance and importance, having a theoretical framework embedded in the primary sources of Islamic literature (the Quran and hadith) and validated on Muslim samples. Six well-known databases were selected—ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Emerald Insight, and Google Scholar—to conduct an in-depth search of existing literature on the topic. Results revealed three broad concepts that have been the focus of measurement: religiosity, spirituality, and morality. Based on our analysis, it can be suggested that although there has been an increase in measuring Islamic religiousness in recent years, there is scope for improvement. This analytical review can be a valuable resource for researchers interested in selecting a valid and trustworthy scale that meets the criteria of their study settings.
Exploring Civil Partnership From the Perspective of Those in Mixed-Sex Relationships: Embracing a Clean Slate of Equality
Authors: Hayfield Nikki , Jones Bethan , Carter Julia , Jowett Adam
Published: August 2023

Civil partnerships first became available to mixed-sex couples in England and Wales in December 2019. To date, there has been no research exploring the perspectives of mixed-sex couples who choose to become civil partners. We interviewed 21 people, as individuals or in couples, who were considering, planning, or had already entered into a civil partnership. Our thematic analysis resulted in two themes. In Free from the patriarchal baggage of marriage: Civil partnership as a clean slate of equality, we discuss how participants portrayed marriage as imbued with problematic traditions. In contrast, civil partnerships were portrayed as a contemporary form of relationship recognition that was in fitting for them and their relationships. In the second theme, Doing thing differently? Rejecting or reimagining weddings we discuss how participants critiqued traditions to navigate whether and how to reject them entirely, or attempt to creatively reimagine them. We consider the implications of our results.
Nutritional aspects of commercial infant and toddler food products sold in Turkey
Authors: Kök Şan Cansu , Gökçay Gülden F
Published: August 2023

Background: In recent years, there has been an increase in the variety and consumption of commercial infant and toddler food products. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional profiles of commercial infant and toddler food products sold in Turkey. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the nutritional composition of products available at in-store and online supermarkets in Turkey was derived from the nutritional information panel on the product label or information provided on manufacturer websites in March 2023. The targeted age group, package type, serving size, ingredients list, and nutrition information (energy [kcal], protein [g], total fat [g], carbohydrate [g], dietary fiber [g], total sugar [g], and sodium [mg] per 100 g) were recorded. Results: Of the 189 products identified, more than 90% (n = 47) of the first foods were fruit-based, while 2% (n = 4) contained only vegetables. Almost half of the products (n = 89, 49%) contained added sugar or sweeteners, 41 (22%) had added sugar, and 1 in 3 products (n = 68, 36%) had sugar from fruit-based sources. One in 10 products (n = 18, 9.5%) contained added salt while 40% of the products (n = 76) were above the WHO Europe sodium standards. Almost half of the products (n = 6, 46%) targeting the 12 months older age group were pureed foods using squeeze pouch packaging. Conclusions: The majority of commercial infant and toddler food products did not adhere to nutrition guidelines. There is a need for stronger composition standards for commercial infant and toddler food products by reducing sugar and sodium content, reducing the use of fruits and sweet vegetables, and increasing the variety of products containing different types of vegetables.
Couple healing from infidelity: A grounded theory study
Authors: Fife Stephen T. , Gossner Jacob D. , Theobald Alex , Allen Emma , Rivero Ariana , Koehl Heather
Published: August 2023

Infidelity is a common experience in committed relationships that can lead to significant distress for both partners. While many couples end their relationship following infidelity, a significant portion choose to stay together and attempt reconciliation. In our study, we employed constructivist grounded theory to study the process of healing from infidelity for couples who stay together. Our sample consisted of 16 heterosexual couples who experienced sexual infidelity, chose to stay together, and self-identified as having experienced meaningful healing. Couples had an average age of 27 (range = 19– 46), approximate mean length of relationship at infidelity of 3 years (median = 2 years), and approximate mean time since infidelity of 50 months (median = 24 months). We organize our results into a process model of healing that includes four stages: the revelation of the infidelity, initial reactions, stabilizing the relationship, and revitalizing the relationship. The grounded theory suggests there is a developmental progression of healing as couples jointly work to re-establish their relationship. This process includes assessing the damage, affirming commitment, establishing accountability, seeking reconnection, communicating deeply, re-establishing trust, and moving from initial to deeper forgiveness. Our results also suggest that couples’ shared history, sociocultural factors, and receipt of formal and informal support shaped how they experienced the infidelity and engaged in healing. We discuss key clinical implications of the grounded theory, especially related to the role therapy can play in facilitating healing, the importance of open communication and processing emotions, deepening forgiveness, and the reciprocal process of restoring trust.
Evaluation of Effects of Bimaxillary Anchored Fixed Functional Appliance on Temporomandibular Joint and Maxillomandibular Complex in Late Adolescents: An MRI Study
Authors: Gandhi Anshika , Rai Priyank , Tripathi Tulika , Kanase and Anup
Published: August 2023

Objective

To evaluate and assess changes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ), dental, skeletal and soft tissue changes following bimaxillary anchored fixed functional appliance (FFA) treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusion using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Methods

The prospective single-arm clinical trial included 15 patients (8 males, 7 females; mean age 15.71 + 1.81years) with Class II Division 1 malocclusion treated with bimaxillary anchored Forsus FRD. Four miniplates were placed bilaterally in maxilla and mandible. Then Forsus FRD L pin module was attached to miniplates without levelling of the arches. Pre-treatment (T1) and post-functional (T2) lateral cephalograms and MRI of TMJ were recorded. A total of 7 parameters were used to assess TMJ in all the 3 planes using MRI. Student’s t-test was carried out to compare pre- and post-treatment-induced changes.

Results

The mandible significantly moved forward (SNB, 3.71 + 0.91°; SND, 3.21 + 1.25°; Pg-OLp, 2.61 + 0.66 mm, p < 0.001) and there was distalizing effect on maxilla (SNA, –0.79 + 0.89°; A-OLp, –0.57 + 0.47mm, <0.001). Mean overjet correction of 4.43mm was achieved, of which 71.8% were skeletal changes. 65% of skeletal changes contributed to molar relationship correction. The forward positioning of mandible seems to be because of condylar and glenoid fossa remodelling, with condyle moving in anterior position within glenoid fossa (3.28 + 2.29) and articular disc moved posteriorly relative to condylar head (2.27 + 1.62°).

Conclusion

Significant skeletal changes and TMJ remodelling were observed with bimaxillary anchored FFA in correcting skeletal Class II malocclusion.
Why is There No History of Fascist International Thought?
Authors: Allen Kye J.
Published: August 2023

Notwithstanding recent efforts, historians of international thought have yet to adequately address the highly heterogeneous and often paradoxical ideas espoused by international thinkers of a fascist persuasion. Instead, fascist international thought has commonly been ignored or otherwise reduced to an antiquated Darwinian realism. This article aims to present a case for how and why this fragmentary situation should be corrected. Specifically, it advocates for a closer interdisciplinary engagement between the history of international thought and the field of fascist studies. It thus implores the former to consider salient thematic and methodological developments within the latter and adapt them accordingly. The consequent research agenda that emerges feasibly offers novel insight into (I) unexplored avenues in the history of international thought and the disciplinary history of International Relations, alongside presenting both (II) theoretical and (III) normative implications for the discipline as such.

Pourquoi n’y a-t-il pas d’Histoire de la pensée fasciste internationale?
From coca to cocoa: Conflicts, violence and hegemonic compromises in the turbulent Peruvian Amazonia settlement process: The case of Tocache
Authors: Coq-Huelva Daniel , Higuchi Angie , Arias-Gutiérrez Ruth , Alfalla-Luque Rafaela
Published: August 2023

This article analyses the role of conventions, compromises and even violence in the intricate bio-social construction process of cocoa cultivation in the province of Tocache in the Peruvian Amazonia. This article discusses the different phases of the settlement process and its social, institutional and environmental bases. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the dramatic abandonment of coca cultivation and its replacement by alternative crops such as cocoa. Emphasis is placed on the centrality of agents’ normative coherence and coordination. For over 50 years, the civic–market compromise has framed agents’ discourses and actions, although it has sometimes been ostensibly distorted. This framing effect has also occurred in circumstances with considerable recourse to violence and armed conflict. Thus, this article focuses not only on justification processes but also on what happens ‘after justification’ and on how violent situations can coexist with discursive constructions with a relevant normative element.