bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of FDG PET-CT in differentiating lung adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Maman Adem , Çiğdem Sadık , Kaya İdris , Demirtaş Rabia , Ceylan Onur , Özmen Sevilay
Published: January 2024

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The combination of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and computed tomography (CT) has a major impact on the diagnosis, staging, treatment planning and follow-up of lung cancer patients. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is an easily performed and most widely used semi-quantitative index for the analysis of FDG PET images and estimation of metabolic activity. This study aimed to investigate the role of PET/CT in differentiating adenocarcinoma (ADC), the most common lung cancer, from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by comparing FDG uptake measured as SUVmax.

Results

Between 2019 and 2022, 76 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at the Department of Pathology, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, with histopathologic evidence of adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, underwent retrospective analysis using PET/CT scanning to measure PET parameters of the lesions and compare them with histopathology. Among 76 NSCLC patients included in the study, 43 (57%) were histopathologically diagnosed as ADC and 33 (43%) as SCC. SUVmax, SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) values of lesions in patients with SCC were statistically significantly higher than those in patients with ADC (p values 0.007, 0.009, 0.003 and 0.04, respectively).

Conclusions

Lung SCC has higher metabolic uptake values than ADC, and PET/CT can be used to differentiate them.
ChatGPT in psychiatry: promises and pitfalls
Authors: Wong Rebecca Shin-Yee
Published: January 2024

ChatGPT has become a hot topic of discussion since its release in November 2022. The number of publications on the potential applications of ChatGPT in various fields is on the rise. However, viewpoints on the use of ChatGPT in psychiatry are lacking. This article aims to address this gap by examining the promises and pitfalls of using ChatGPT in psychiatric practice. While ChatGPT offers several opportunities, further research is warranted, as the use of chatbots like ChatGPT raises various technical and ethical concerns. Some practical ways of addressing the challenges for the use of ChatGPT in psychiatry are also discussed.
Using witness trees as pyro-indicators to depict past fire environments across the eastern United States
Authors: Nowacki Gregory J. , Thomas-Van Gundy Melissa A.
Published: January 2024

Understanding past fire environments is vitally important for applying silvicultural treatments, which often include prescribed burning to restore fire-dependent ecosystems. We have developed a novel method by which witness trees can be used as pyro-indicators to map past fire environments. The stepwise process first involves partitioning witness trees into two classes, pyrophobic and pyrophilic, based on their known ecophysiological traits. Pyrophilic percentages are then calculated at survey corners by dividing the number of pyrophilic trees by the total number of trees. Next, statistical spatial interpolation is applied to this point-based data set to produce a continuous response surface of pyrophilic percentages. The resultant maps capture gradients of fire importance across the pre-European-settlement landscape, which can be coupled with historic fire regime maps, thus providing additional information for better understanding and explaining past fire environments. We have applied this technique to various available witness-tree databases across the eastern United States. This paper serves as a compendium of our collective work to date.
Landscape controls on fuel moisture variability in fire-prone heathland and peatland landscapes
Authors: Little Kerryn , Graham Laura J , Flannigan Mike , Belcher Claire M , Kettridge Nicholas
Published: January 2024

Background

Cross-landscape fuel moisture content is highly variable but not considered in existing fire danger assessments. Capturing fuel moisture complexity and its associated controls is critical for understanding wildfire behavior and danger in emerging fire-prone environments that are influenced by local heterogeneity. This is particularly true for temperate heathland and peatland landscapes that exhibit spatial differences in the vulnerability of their globally important carbon stores to wildfire. Here we quantified the range of variability in the live and dead fuel moisture ofCalluna vulgarisacross a temperate fire-prone landscape through an intensive fuel moisture sampling campaign conducted in the North Yorkshire Moors, UK. We also evaluated the landscape (soil texture, canopy age, aspect, and slope) and micrometeorological (temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and windspeed) drivers of landscape fuel moisture variability for temperate heathlands and peatlands for the first time.

Results

We observed high cross-landscape fuel moisture variation, which created a spatial discontinuity in the availability of live fuels for wildfire spread (fuel moisture < 65%) and vulnerability of the organic layer to smoldering combustion (fuel moisture < 250%). This heterogeneity was most important in spring, which is also the peak wildfire season in these temperate ecosystems. Landscape and micrometeorological factors explained up to 72% of spatial fuel moisture variation and were season- and fuel-layer-dependent. Landscape factors predominantly controlled spatial fuel moisture content beyond modifying local micrometeorology. Accounting for direct landscape–fuel moisture relationships could improve fuel moisture estimates, as existing estimates derived solely from micrometeorological observations will exclude the underlying influence of landscape characteristics. We hypothesize that differences in soil texture, canopy age, and aspect play important roles across the fuel layers examined, with the main differences in processes arising between live, dead, and surface/ground fuels. We also highlight the critical role of fuel phenology in assessing landscape fuel moisture variations in temperate environments.

Conclusions

Understanding the mechanisms driving fuel moisture variability opens opportunities to develop locally robust fuel models for input into wildfire danger rating systems, adding versatility to wildfire danger assessments as a management tool.
One-year outcomes of anterior–posterior vs. anterior-lateral method of cardioversion for atrial fibrillation: a tertiary center experience
Authors: Rashid Sarim , Salahuddin Syed Ahmed , Sajid Fatima , Shah Syed Yasir , Malik Jahanzeb , Khan Saifullah
Published: January 2024

This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the one-year outcomes of anterior–posterior (AP) and anterior—lateral (AL) methods of cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AF). A total of 2168 patients were included, with 1125 patients in the AP cardioversion group (Group 1) and 1043 patients in the AL cardioversion group (Group 2). Baseline characteristics, primary and secondary outcomes, safety outcomes, and logistic regression predictors of sinus rhythm were analyzed. The results showed comparable rates of maintaining sinus rhythm at the one-year follow-up between the two groups (65.8% in Group 1 vs. 65.7% in Group 2, p = 0.042). There were no significant differences in the incidence of AF recurrence or safety outcomes between the groups. Logistic regression analysis identified the duration of AF and the presence of coronary artery disease as significant predictors of sinus rhythm maintenance. Additionally, the use of the AL method was associated with a higher likelihood of AF recurrence compared to the AP method (p = 0.043). These findings suggest that both the AP and AL methods of cardioversion are effective in achieving and maintaining sinus rhythm in AF patients. The duration of AF and the presence of coronary artery disease should be considered when selecting the cardioversion approach. These results contribute to the understanding of optimal treatment strategies for AF and support personalized management decisions based on individual patient characteristics.
Glutathione peroxidase LtGPX3 contributes to oxidative stress tolerance, virulence, and plant defense suppression in the peach gummosis fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Authors: Zhang He , Shen Xingyi , Shen Wanqi , Zhang Dongmei , Huang Xue , Zhu Kaijie , Liu Junwei , Li Guohuai
Published: January 2024

The notorious woody plant-degrading pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a major causal agent of peach gummosis, one of the prevalent and devastating trunk diseases to peach production; however, its pathogenesis is largely unknown. Our previous study showed that L. theobromae LtGPX3, which encodes a glutathione peroxidase resembling yeast GPX3/HYR1-like, was constantly and dramatically upregulated at the infectious stages. Here, we functionally characterized LtGPX3 using the CRISPR-Cas9-aided split marker approach. The ΔLtgpx3 deletion mutants displayed increased sensitivity to the osmotic stress agent KCl and less sensitivity to the cell wall-damaging agent calcofluor white. Exogenous oxidants highly induced the expression of LtGPX3, and the ΔLtgpx3 mutants displayed increased sensitivity to ROS-generating oxidants. Pathogenicity assays revealed that ΔLtgpx3 mutants showed compromised virulence in peach shoots, which was partially restored when peach shoots were pretreated with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor before inoculation. Moreover, ROS levels were strongly boosted, and transcripts of plant defense-related genes were highly induced in the ΔLtgpx3 mutants-infected peach shoots compared with the wild-type-inoculated. Overall, our results showed the essential roles of LtGPX3 in the oxidative stress response and tolerance and pathological functions in L. theobromae. These findings deepen our understanding of the survival strategies of the woody plant-degrading pathogen L. theobromae and provide new insights into developing new strategies for peach gummosis disease control.
An improved 27-point frequency-domain elastic-wave average-derivative method with applications to a moving point source
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Jing-Bo
Published: January 2024

Exploration seismology based on moving sources such as high-speed trains has attracted increasingly great attention. It is an important task to perform near-surface seismic imaging and inversion using moving sources. In this context, an accurate and efficient forward-modeling engine for moving sources is crucial. We initially consider a single moving point source. To implement the numerical simulation in terms of a moving point source, two aspects need to be considered: (1) the numerical discretization strategy of the seismic-wave equation and (2) the discrete representation of the moving point source. For the 3D heterogeneous elastic-wave equation, we develop an improved frequency-domain average-derivative numerical method (ADM) by introducing the weighted average of four sets of grid points for the mass-acceleration term. Due to the numerical discretization template, the continuously moving point source is discretized as a series of fixed sources located at different grid points and excited at different times. The corresponding discrete representation of spatio-temporal variation is given by modifying the right-hand side of the resulting linear system of equations. A numerical experiment in a 3D homogeneous half-space model validates the higher computational accuracy of the improved ADM and the feasibility of the numerical simulation scheme for a moving point source. Furthermore, we test the performance of the moving-point-source numerical simulation scheme in the 3D heterogeneous overthrust model. The successful implementation of the 3D frequency-domain numerical simulation for a moving point source establishes a foundation for subsequent practical applications of moving sources in seismic imaging to be performed in the future.
Psychological Distress, Emergency Room Utilization, and Mortality Risk Among US Adults With History of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jiang Changchuan , Xing Jiazhang , Sanders Alexandra , Chidester Kaitlin , Shi Molin , Perimbeti Stuthi , Deng Lei , Chatta Gurkamal S. , Gopalakrishnan Dharmesh
Published: January 2024

PURPOSE

Adults with a history of prostate cancer experience several physical and mental stressors. However, limited information is available about the prevalence of psychological distress in this population and its association with clinical outcomes in a nationally representative sample.

METHODS

We identified adults with history of prostate cancer from a nationally representative cohort (2000-2018 US National Health Interview Survey) and its linked mortality files through December 31, 2019. The six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) was used to assess psychological distress. The associations between psychological distress severity, emergency room (ER) usage, and mortality risk were estimated using multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards models, which were both adjusted for age, survey year, race/ethnicity, region, education, health insurance, comorbidities, functional limitations, and time since cancer diagnosis.

RESULTS

Among the 3,451 adults with history of prostate cancer surveyed, 96 (2.4%), 434 (11.3%), and 2,921 (86.3%) reported severe, moderate, or low/no mental distress, respectively. During the 12 months preceding the survey, 812 (22.8%) adults with history of prostate cancer visited the ER. After a median follow-up of 81 months, 937 (25.5%) deaths occurred. Compared with participants with low/no mental distress, those with severe mental distress reported the highest utilization of the ER (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.57 [95% CI, 1.51 to 4.37]) and exhibited the highest all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.83 [95% CI, 1.29 to 2.60]), followed by those with moderate mental distress (ER use aOR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.29 to 2.42]; all-cause mortality aHR, 1.22 [95% CI, 0.92 to 1.62]).

CONCLUSION

Among US adults with history of prostate cancer, psychological distress was associated with increased ER use and mortality risk. Notably, severe psychological distress was correlated with the highest rates of ER visits and mortality risk. However, given the retrospective nature of this study, uncontrolled confounding variables need to be considered when interpreting the findings.
Beyond MEN1, When to Think About MEN4? Retrospective Study on 5600 Patients in the French Population and Literature Review
Authors: Chevalier Benjamin , Coppin Lucie , Romanet Pauline , Cuny Thomas , Maïza Jean-Christophe , Abeillon Juliette , Forestier Julien , Walter Thomas , Gilly Olivier , Le Bras Maëlle , Smati Sarra , Nunes Marie Laure , Geslot Aurore , Grunenwald Solange , Mouly Céline , Arnault Gwenaelle , Wagner Kathy , Koumakis Eugénie , Cortet-Rudelli Christine , Merlen Émilie , Jannin Arnaud , Espiard Stéphanie , Morange Isabelle , Baudin Éric , Cavaille Mathias , Tauveron Igor , Teissier Marie-Pierre , Borson-Chazot Françoise , Mirebeau-Prunier Delphine , Savagner Frédérique , Pasmant Éric , Giraud Sophie , Vantyghem Marie-Christine , Goudet Pierre , Barlier Anne , Cardot-Bauters Catherine , Odou Marie Françoise
Published: January 2024

Context

Germline CDKN1B variants predispose patients to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4), a rare MEN1-like syndrome, with <100 reported cases since its discovery in 2006. Although CDKN1B mutations are frequently suggested to explain cases of genetically negative MEN1, the prevalence and phenotype of MEN4 patients is poorly known, and genetic counseling is unclear.

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence of MEN4 in MEN1-suspected patients and characterize the phenotype of MEN4 patients.

Design

Retrospective observational nationwide study. Narrative review of literature and variant class reassessment.

Patients

We included all adult patients with class 3/4/5 CDKN1B variants identified by the laboratories from the French Oncogenetic Network on Neuroendocrine Tumors network between 2015 and 2022 through germline genetic testing for MEN1 suspicion. After class reassessment, we compared the phenotype of symptomatic patients with class 4/5 CDKN1B variants (ie, with genetically confirmed MEN4 diagnosis) in our series and in literature with 66 matched MEN1 patients from the UMD-MEN1 database.

Results

From 5600 MEN1-suspected patients analyzed, 4 with class 4/5 CDKN1B variant were found (0.07%). They presented with multiple duodenal NET, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and adrenal nodule, isolated PHPT, PHPT, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. We listed 29 patients with CDKN1B class 4/5 variants from the literature. Compared with matched MEN1 patients, MEN4 patients presented lower NET incidence and older age at PHPT diagnosis.

Conclusion

The prevalence of MEN4 is low. PHPT and pituitary adenoma represent the main associated lesions, NETs are rare. Our results suggest a milder and later phenotype than in MEN1. Our observations will help to improve genetic counseling and management of MEN4 families.
Modifications of the GH Axis Reveal Unique Sexually Dimorphic Liver Signatures for Lcn13, Asns, Hamp2, Hao2, and Pgc1a
Authors: Brie Belen , Sarmento-Cabral Andre , Pascual Florencia , Cordoba-Chacon Jose , Kineman Rhonda Denise , Becu-Villalobos Damasia
Published: January 2024

Growth hormone (GH) modifies liver gene transcription in a sexually dimorphic manner to meet liver metabolic demands related to sex; thus, GH dysregulation leads to sex-biased hepatic disease. We dissected the steps of the GH regulatory cascade modifying GH-dependent genes involved in metabolism, focusing on the male-predominant genes Lcn13, Asns, and Cyp7b1, and the female-predominant genes Hao2, Pgc1a, Hamp2, Cyp2a4, and Cyp2b9. We explored mRNA expression in 2 settings: (i) intact liver GH receptor (GHR) but altered GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels (NeuroDrd2KO, HiGH, aHepIGF1kd, and STAT5bCA mouse lines); and (ii) liver loss of GHR, with or without STAT5b reconstitution (aHepGHRkd, and aHepGHRkd + STAT5bCA). Lcn13 was downregulated in males in most models, while Asns and Cyp7b1 were decreased in males by low GH levels or action, or constant GH levels, but unexpectedly upregulated in both sexes by the loss of liver Igf1 or constitutive Stat5b expression. Hao, Cyp2a4, and Cyp2b9 were generally decreased in female mice with low GH levels or action (NeuroDrd2KO and/or aHepGHRkd mice) and increased in HiGH females, while in contrast, Pgc1a was increased in female NeuroDrd2KO but decreased in STAT5bCA and aHepIGF1kd females. Bioinformatic analysis of RNAseq from aHepGHRkd livers stressed the greater impact of GHR loss on wide gene expression in males and highlighted that GH modifies almost completely different gene signatures in each sex. Concordantly, we show that altering different steps of the GH cascade in the liver modified liver expression of Lcn13, Asns, Cyp7b1, Hao2, Hamp2, Pgc1a, Cyp2a4, and Cyp2b9 in a sex- and gene-specific manner.
Predicting Fluid Responsiveness Using Carotid Ultrasound in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies
Authors: Lipszyc Adam C. , Walker Samuel C. D. , Beech Alexander P. , Wilding Helen , Akhlaghi Hamed
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

A noninvasive and accurate method of determining fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients would help to mitigate unnecessary fluid administration. Although carotid ultrasound has been previously studied for this purpose, several studies have recently been published. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of carotid ultrasound as a tool to predict fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients.

METHODS:

Studies eligible for review investigated the accuracy of carotid ultrasound parameters in predicting fluid responsiveness in ventilated patients, using sensitivity and specificity as markers of diagnostic accuracy (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] CRD42022380284). All included studies had to use an independent method of determining cardiac output and exclude spontaneously ventilated patients. Six bibliographic databases and 2 trial registries were searched. Medline, Embase, Emcare, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched on November 4, 2022. Clinicaltrials.gov and Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry were searched on February 24, 2023. Results were pooled, meta-analysis was conducted where possible, and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic models were used to compare carotid ultrasound parameters. Bias and evidence quality were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) guidelines.

RESULTS:

Thirteen prospective clinical studies were included (n = 648 patients), representing 677 deliveries of volume expansion, with 378 episodes of fluid responsiveness (58.3%). A meta-analysis of change in carotid Doppler peak velocity (∆CDPV) yielded a sensitivity of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.84) and a specificity of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.76–0.90). Risk of bias relating to recruitment methodology, the independence of index testing to reference standards and exclusionary clinical criteria were evaluated. Overall quality of evidence was low. Study design heterogeneity, including a lack of clear parameter cutoffs, limited the generalizability of our results.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this meta-analysis, we found that existing literature supports the ability of carotid ultrasound to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated adults. ∆CDPV may be an accurate carotid parameter in certain contexts. Further high-quality studies with more homogenous designs are needed to further validate this technology.
Challenging Migration Narratives in Deepak Unnikrishnan’s Temporary People
Authors: Alraddadi Raya
Published: January 2024

In examining Deepak Unnikrishnan’s Temporary People (2017), this article employs a materialist framework to develop a broader critical perspective that addresses the impact of global power on emerging narratives of labor migration. In engaging both aesthetic and material elements, it examines how Unnikrishnan offers an alternative to what is described as the “mythology of migrancy” narrative. As such, the article challenges the dominant paradigm of migration in postcolonial studies, which tends to celebrate hybridity and fluidity of identity. Unnikrishnan responds aesthetically to dominant migration discourse through his deliberate narrative strategy of building his short stories around different experiences of exploited and estranged individuals who are often positioned outside the narrative itself. The article establishes two focuses: one historical, the other literary. First, it addresses the relationships among global capitalism, oil, and immigration in the Arabian Gulf. Second, it explores how Temporary People creates a new aesthetic mode to narrate the struggle of temporary migrants.
Predicting Cooperation with Learning Models
Authors: Fudenberg Drew , Karreskog Rehbinder Gustav
Published: January 2024

We use simulations of a simple learning model to predict cooperation rates in the experimental play of the indefinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma. We suppose that learning and the game parameters only influence play in the initial round of each supergame, and that after these rounds, play depends only on the outcome of the previous round. We find that our model predicts out-of-sample cooperation at least as well as models with more parameters and harder-to-interpret machine learning algorithms. Our results let us predict the effect of session length and help explain past findings on the role of strategic uncertainty. (JEL C57, C72, C73, D83, D91)
Teprotumumab-associated hearing-related adverse events
Authors: Key Amanda , Pederson Addie , Sant Jared , Ray Coby
Published: January 2024

This study aims to provide a review of the existing literature on teprotumumab (Tepezza)-associated hearing-related adverse effects. A review of PubMed and Embase was conducted using keywords “teprotumumab,” “tepezza,” “hearing disorder[s],” “hearing loss,” and “ototoxicity.” These search results were filtered to include all clinical trials, observational studies, case reports, and case series relevant to the topic of teprotumumab-associated hearing disorders. Data collection from the 15 included studies consisted of: sample size, number and percentage of hearing disorders reported, types of hearing disorders, remission rates, timeline of symptom onset, predisposing risk factors, suggested screening guidelines, and treatment proposals. Teprotumumab-associated hearing disorders are reported in 7-81.5% (median 12%) of clinical study participants. Symptoms described include sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), hypoacusis, autophony, ear fullness/pressure/plugging, patulous eustachian tube, and tinnitus. Most symptoms improve with discontinuation of teprotumumab, but some symptoms persist after completion of treatment, most commonly SNHL. Symptoms have been reported occurring 3-37 (median 8.4) weeks after treatment initiation, with the majority reported 6 weeks after treatment initiation. Additional prospective studies are needed to clarify how frequently teprotumumab causes ototoxicity. There remains a need for both standardized audiologic screening guidelines and treatment for patients in whom ototoxicity persists post-treatment.
 
Key Words: teprotumumab, tepezza, hearing disorder[s], hearing loss, ototoxicity
Oświecony eklektyzm. Przypadek Denisa Diderota
Authors: Drozdowicz Zbigniew
Published: January 2024

W tych rozważaniach poddam pod dyskusję zarówno miejsce eklektyzmu w tradycji filozoficznej, jak i taki jego szczególny przypadek, jakim jest oświecony eklektyzm Denisa Diderota. Znawcy tradycji filozoficznych wskazują, że eklektyzm pojawił się już w początkach filozofii starożytnej, a później łączył się z odchodzeniem od dogmatyzmu starej Akademii Platońskiej i przechodzeniem do sceptycyzmu nowych Akademii. W czasach nowożytnych te tradycje były kontynuowane m.in. przez Erazma z Rotterdamu i Michela de Montaigne’a, a w epoce Oświecenia m.in. przez Diderota. Jego deklarowany i stosowany w praktyce eklektyzm łączył się jednak nie tylko ze sceptycyzmem, ale także ze specyficznymracjonalizmem oraz naturalizmem. Skłonny jestem polemizować zarówno ze stanowiskiem, że stanowił on część składową ówczesnego sceptycyzmu (moim zdaniem to sceptycyzm był częścią składową tego eklektyzmu), jak i z poglądem, że jego miejsce można określić poprzez opozycję z jednej strony wobec kartezjańskiego dualizmu, natomiast z drugiej naturalistycznego monizmu.
Anthony Collins i jego pierwsza rozprawa (An Essay Concerning the Use of Reason in Propositions, The Evidence whereof depends upon Human Testimony)
Authors: Spryszak Przemysław
Published: January 2024

Przedmiotem niniejszej pracy jest analiza rozprawki An Essay Concerning the Use of Reason in Propositions, The Evidence whereof depends upon Human Testimony (Londyn 1707, II wyd. 1709) brytyjskiego filozofa Anthony’ego Collinsa (1676-1729). Analiza ta prowadzi do odkrycia trudności bronionego w niej stanowiska, polegających na niejasności użytej terminologii, niejednoznaczności tezy głównej, zgodnie z którą warunkiem koniecznym uznania twierdzenia jest jego zgodność z rozumem, oraz niewystarczalności jej podanego w Eseju uzasadnienia. Zarysowano również kontekst filozoficzny i historyczny tego rzadko analizowanego dzieła.
Nieadekwatność doświadczenia a możliwość chaosu w fenomenologii Husserla
Authors: Łaciak Piotr
Published: January 2024

Zasadnicza teza tekstu brzmi, że możliwość totalnego chaosu empirycznego, która jest rozpatrywana w ramach eksperymentu unicestwienia świata, nie jest możliwością realną, lecz możliwością logiczną.  Według Husserla hipoteza totalnego chaosu empirycznego pozostaje w związku z zasadniczą nieadekwatnością doświadczenia świata, która nie wyklucza możliwości nieistnienia świata. Unicestwienie świata jako efekt całkowitego załamania się doświadczenia świata mogę jednak przyjąć tylko hipotetycznie i taka fikcyjna możliwość nie ma charakteru możliwości realnej, ponieważ absolutny fakt mojego doświadczenia poprzedza wszelkie możliwości, nadając im dopiero znaczenie możliwości realnych. Doświadczenie w swej pierwotnej strukturze obejmuje zarówno doświadczenie świata, jak i doświadczenie ego cogito i jest jednym, absolutnym doświadczeniem, tak że możliwość globalnego chaosu empirycznego okazuje się jedynie pustym eksperymentem myślowym i jako taka możliwość ta pozostaje w zasadniczej analogii do możliwości niepoznawalnych rzeczy samych w sobie.

Słowa kluczowe: fenomenologia transcendentalna, eksperyment unicestwienia świata, doświadczenie świata, doświadczenie ego cogito, realna możliwość, logiczna możliwość
Online Advertising, Data Sharing, and Consumer Control
Authors: Johnson Justin P. , Jungbauer Thomas , Preuss Marcel
Published: January 2024

Invoking a property rights approach, we examine how competition between advertising exchanges influences the targeting options that these exchanges make available to advertisers. When advertisers have strong property rights over data regarding consumers’ active purchase interests, competition between ad exchanges leads to too little sharing of data. This may harm consumers, who receive too few pertinent ads, and advertisers themselves can also be harmed due to a situation resembling a prisoner’s dilemma. We find that reallocating property rights to consumers, that is, giving them the right to opt out of tracking may also benefit consumers who allow tracking by altering the incentives of ad exchanges to offer improved targeting options. In addition, we show that initiatives by Apple and Google to limit third-party tracking and to introduce alternative tracking systems such as Google’s Topics might benefit consumers by weakening the data property rights of advertisers. Because more data are shared by default under such systems, this can be true even if these systems are less accurate than third-party tracking systems.

This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Why Do Some Conservative CEOs Publicly Support Liberal Causes? Organizational Ideology, Managerial Discretion, and CEO Sociopolitical Activism
Authors: Wowak Adam J. , Busenbark John R.
Published: January 2024

The phenomenon of chief executive officers (CEOs) speaking out on contested social issues is a recent one, as CEO sociopolitical activism was seen as overly risky, and even taboo, for most of American business history. Yet, CEOs are increasingly choosing sides in societal debates despite the inherent risk of alienating stakeholders who disagree with the CEO’s stance. Even more puzzlingly, conservative CEOs sometimes espouse liberal stances in such debates, which runs counter to the otherwise consistent evidence in the upper echelons literature that CEOs are guided by their own values in their actions. Our study addresses this paradox by examining the antecedents of CEO liberal activism, with an emphasis on the interplay between the CEO’s ideology and the prevailing ideological tilt of the employee population in driving CEOs’ activism decisions. Drawing on the concept of managerial discretion, or latitude of action, we theorize that a pronounced organizational ideology constrains a CEO’s ability to act in accordance with their own values—particularly in the highly symbolic domain of activism. We also argue that conservative CEOs are relatively more focused on instrumental rationales for activism, whereas liberal CEOs tend to prioritize more intrinsic rationales, a consequence of which is that conservative CEOs more heavily weight organizational ideology in their activism decisions. We test our theory in the context of a highly publicized letter signed by nearly 100 CEOs of public companies in opposition to North Carolina’s controversial 2016 “bathroom bill.” Relying on a variety of novel data sources, we find robust support for our theory.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.17160 .
A MÁQUINA, O FANTASMA E A SOMBRA DO EU: CONFIGURAÇÕES DA IDENTIDADE EM “TÓQUIO” E MOVIMENTO 78
Authors: Cardoso Andre Cabral de Almeida
Published: January 2024

Nos últimos anos, tem-se assistido ao surgimento de um número significativo de romances, novelas e contos brasileiros de caráter marcadamente distópico. Essa tendência se explica em parte pela vivência traumática da pandemia de covid-19 e pelo recrudescimento de um ideário político autoritário no Brasil. Por outro lado, ela envolve também uma releitura crítica da história nacional e das contradições estruturais da sociedade brasileira. Narrativas como “Tóquio” (2021), de Daniel Galera, e Movimento 78 (2022), de Flávio Izhaki, adotam o tropo da inteligência artificial como meio de discutir os efeitos de novas tecnologias em um país à margem dos principais centros produtores, assim como as condições materiais em que se dá sua penetração. A associação da inteligência artificial com a fantasmagoria aponta para as nebulosas relações de poder que caracterizam o capitalismo tardio, bem como para uma figuração da subjetividade ligada ao mistério, à indefinição e à fragilidade do indivíduo diante das pressões do mundo externo. Este artigo tem o objetivo de examinar algumas das estratégias formais adotadas pelas duas narrativas como base para essa modulação da noção moderna de subjetividade, calcada no modelo paradigmático do personagem do romance realista. Ao discutir o conceito de humano em oposição à máquina, “Tóquio” e Movimento 78 testam os limites desse modelo de personagem, inserindo-o no entrecruzamento do realismo com outras vertentes literárias, como a distopia, a ficção científica e o gótico.
Ofélia recriada em “Melancolia” de Lars Von Trier
Authors: Pauka Gabriela
Published: January 2024

O filme Melancolia (2011), de Lars von Trier, é iniciado por 16 cenas de uma paródia cinematográfica concebida a partir de célebres pinturas, sendo a principal “Ophelia” (1852), de Millais. A partir disso, deseja-se investigar quão profundamente está enraizada Ofélia, personagem da peça Hamlet (1603), de Shakespeare, no desenvolvimento do filme; e, até que ponto, esse empréstimo alicerça sua forma. Portanto, noções de confisco e citação serão debatidas enquanto se percebe que conceitos, como originalidade e autenticidade, são enfraquecidos. Trier parece criar em linguagem cinematográfica o abandono contemporâneo por meio da personagem shakespeariana. Para tanto, a investigação estará alicerçada nos pressupostos de Linda Hutcheon (1989), de Antonio Candido (1976) e de Ismail Xavier (1984).
Panoroma sócio-histórico do português brasileiro
Authors: Vanderley Boaventura Bárbara Carolina
Published: January 2024

O panorama socio-histórico do português do Brasil remonta às raízes latinas, fundamentais para o surgimento das línguas românicas, além de remontar às matrizes linguísticas que constituem o PB – a lusitana, a indígena e a africana. O artigo fundamenta-se nas três hipóteses linguísticas que versam sobre as origens do PB: a hipótese da crioulização (Guy, 1981), a hipótese da deriva natural (Naro e Scherre, 2007) e a hipótese do contato linguístico (Baxter; Lucchesi, 1997; Mello, 2002). A história da sociedade brasileira, assim como as hipóteses linguísticas apresentadas indicam que o português brasileiro – variedade singular do português no grupo dos países lusófonos – constitui-se pelas confluências culturais, sociais e linguísticas dos povos indígenas e africanos durante a dominação portuguesa no Brasil. Conclui-se que o intenso contato linguístico entre a língua do colonizador e as línguas de povos indígenas e africanos no território brasileiro contribuíram diretamente na formação linguística do português brasileiro.
“Não é hora para aventuras”: análise de um editorial sob o viés do Sistema de Avaliatividade em seus subsistemas de Atitude e Engajamento
Authors: Griffo Mara Regina de Almeida , Silva Hercules Santos da
Published: January 2024

Neste artigo empreendemos uma análise do texto Não é hora para aventuras, publicado no dia 22/11/20, no jornal O Estado de São Paulo, com base no Sistema de Avaliatividade (Martin; White, 2005). O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar como os momentos avaliativos atitudinais (Afeto, Julgamento e Apreciação) e os recursos do Engajamento (Monoglossia e Heteroglossia) lidam com a fonte das atitudes e com o jogo de vozes em torno de opiniões no discurso editorial. Para isso, foram mapeadas as escolhas avaliativas explícitas e implícitas realizadas pelo editorialista. Em seguida, marcamos as ocorrências classificando-as de acordo com os subsistemas de Atitude e de Engajamento. Notamos a expressão do posicionamento do editorialista em favor da candidatura de Bruno Covas, ao lançar mão de escolhas lexicais explicitamente negativas para se referir a Guilherme Boulos.
Um estudo sobre os efeitos de sentido na recepção negativa da obra Castanha do Pará pelo viés da Abordagem Crítica da Metáfora
Authors: Sena da Silva Eduarda , Carneiro Cavalcanti Fernanda
Published: January 2024

Este artigo investiga a reação negativa de um policial, em uma publicação na rede social Facebook, à presença de uma imagem dos quadrinhos Castanha do Pará, de Gidaldi Júnior, em uma exposição de artes, em Belém-PA, no ano de 2018. Para tal, lança-se mão de metodologia de caráter descritivo-interpretativo, em que se analisa a postagem a partir das metáforas conceptuais que estruturam os elementos visuais da imagem. Assim, ao se abordar o valor ideológico da metáfora animal monomodal MENINO É URUBU na imagem, observa-se a emergência de duas metáforas conceptuais: a multimodal AÇÃO DA SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA É GUERRA  na postagem, influenciada por sua realidade; e a monomodal SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA É GUERRA CONTRA SUJEITOS EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA, a qual ele critica por estar presente na História em Quadrinhos e ser inverídica.
Verbo mudo — Maria Velho da Costa e a imagem da casa do meio
Authors: Vieira Susana
Published: January 2024

A literatura, nos seus múltiplos desdobramentos, poderá ser um embasamento para pensar, e até questionar, o papel das humanidades na atualidade, pelo prisma da memória e da descolonização da linguagem, aspectos estes orientadores da presente proposta. No domínio da literatura, a imagem da casa é uma dinâmica que evoca e dialetiza figuras afetivas sugerindo certos efeitos emocionais na produção de uma estrutura complexa que modifica os valores da realidade e questiona os limites da memória na recriação e transmissão dos factos do passado. Esse corpo-a-ser é O livro do meio de Maria Velho da Costa (e do seu correspondente Armando Carvalho), em concreto os fragmentos em que a autora-narradora se encolhe até entrar na escrita que ampara a sua “Casa dos Gritos”.
Entrelaçando Identidades: raça e gênero nas escritas de Henrique Marques Samyn
Authors: Samyn Henrique Marques , Sales Bruna de Oliveira , Azevedo Marcela Ansaloni de , Santos Pâmera Ferreira
Published: January 2024

Entrevista com o Professor Associado da UERJ Henrique Marques Samyn a respeito do premiado projeto LetrasPretas, que divulga e analisa produções de autoria feminina negra, bem como os desafios encontrados na literatura para protagonizar minorias. Também foram discutidas as diferenças entre as escritas acadêmica e literária, tomando como base sua experiência como autor de livros como Levante e Uma Temporada no Inferno.
Digital scanning in orthodontics: a literature review
Authors: Irving Murray , Nandhra Kieran , Singh Suhavi , Gogna Nikhil
Published: January 2024

The landscape of orthodontics is changing, and the transition to digital workflows in clinical practice has begun. As new and updated scanner models are regularly being released, it is paramount to assess the current evidence base and compare this to manufacturer claims. At present, there are limited literature reviews assessing and summarizing the clinically relevant features of dental scanners. This review summarizes key findings with respect to accuracy, patient-related outcomes and clinician experiences with digital dental scanners.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Digital scanners are an increasingly popular device in orthodontics, this article provides an up-to-date summary of the pros and cons of scanners in relation to both the patient and orthodontic clinician.
A review of radiographic interpretation of the navicular bone
Authors: Hinkle Frances , Barrett Myra
Published: January 2024

Navicular syndrome (also called navicular disease) plays a major role in the equine industry as a chronic, degenerative and often career-limiting disease process which affects a variety of breeds of horses. In addition to clinical signs and diagnostic analgesia, diagnostic imaging plays a key role in identification of this disease process – radiography is the most used imaging modality. In addition to their clinical utility, foot radiographs are a standard element of most pre-purchase examinations. Good radiographic quality and positioning are necessary for accurate interpretation. Radiographic lesions of the navicular bone such as sclerosis, enlarged synovial invaginations, distal border fragments and flexor cortical erosions are important to identify and understand because of their potential role in the disease process. This article reviews an approach to radiological evaluation and interpretation of lesions affecting the navicular bone.
Novel developments in equine asthma
Authors: Holley Lauren
Published: January 2024

Equine asthma is a disease which affects horses across the globe and can range from mild exercise impairment to severe debilitation that decreases the horse's quality of life. Treatment currently focuses on environmental management, bronchodilators and systemic and inhaled glucocorticosteroids. Glucocorticosteroids remain the mainstay of therapy but can have deleterious side effects; therefore, there is a critical need for the development of new therapies. Nebulised lidocaine and immunomodulatory therapy both hold promise for the treatment of equine asthma, especially with respect to avoiding the deleterious effects of glucocorticosteroids.
Integrating Computational Thinking Into Mathematics Class: Curriculum Opportunities and the Use of the Bee-Bot
Authors: Salinas Carolina , Seckel María José , Breda Adriana , Espinoza Carmen
Published: January 2024

The incorporation of Computer Science teaching in educational systems has increased in recent years. Given international interest, Chile has promoted projects to promote the development of students' digital skills. Focusing on this new educational context, this research reports the results regarding the identification of computational concepts and practices that can be articulated with the contents and skills of the curriculum. of Chilean mathematics. for first grade of primary school based on the use of the Bee-Bot robot. For this, the study followed a qualitative approach, developing a case study of the Chilean study program with the content analysis technique and using, as analysis categories, computational concepts and practices from the field of educational computing. In total, 30 learning objectives of the study program were analyzed. The results indicate that, although there is little articulation between computational concepts and first grade content proposed in the curriculum, there is greater articulation between computational practices and mathematical skills suggested in the Chilean curriculum. It is concluded that Computational Thinking can be developed from the earliest school levels using the Bee-Bot robot (or similar), and this is demonstrated by the structure of the Chilean primary mathematics curricular program.
Validity and Reliability of Child-Friendly School Policy Evaluation Instruments in Primary Schools: Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: Nurhayati Riana , Aw Suranto , Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti , Hajaroh Mami , Herwin Herwin
Published: January 2024

Evaluation of child-friendly school (CFS) policies is essential to determine the achievements of school efforts in reducing violence cases. This research aims to proving the reliability and validity of CFS policy evaluation instruments in elementary schools with different locations. This investigation uses the Context Input Process Product (CIPP) evaluation model to confirm the factor structure or dimensions of several observed variables (items) to evaluate the reliability and validity of the CFS policy evaluation tool in elementary schools. The validity and reliability of previously created instruments are evaluated quantitatively, but this study utilises different subjects and study sites. There were 320 respondents, with 145 school principals and 175 teachers taken randomly. Confirmatory factors analysis (CFA) results show goodness of fit (GOF), and the model is acceptable. The CFS evaluation instrument can be accepted after eliminating several question items and modifying them. All items of the teal instrument meet the goodness of fit criteria in terms of chi-square and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). The instrument for evaluating CFS policies in primary schools using the CIPP model has met a valid and reliable psychometric property test so that it can be applied.
The Influence of Foam Density on the Flexural Properties of Structural Insulated Panels
Authors: Khademibami Laya , Shmulsky Rubin , Senalik Christopher Adam , Seale Roy Daniel , Ross Robert J. , Mohammadabadi Mostafa , Williamson Thomas
Published: January 2024

The effect of foam core density on the strength of structural insulated panels (SIPs) was investigated herein as part of a larger study to determine the creep performance of SIPs. Two depths (16.5 cm and 31.1 cm [6.5 in. and 12.25 in.]) of SIPs were tested in 1/3rd-point flexure according to the American Society of Testing and Materials standard ASTM D6815. Parent SIP panels, each approximately 122 cm (48 in.) wide, were manufactured by a SIPA member in accordance with ESR 4698 and sawn into beam, type elements, each approximately 29.8 cm (11.8 in.) wide, for mechanical testing. All specimens had discontinuities in the foam core in a location that was subject to high shear stress, i.e., between the reaction support and the load head, during the bending tests. The foam density in half of the specimens was approximately 0.016 g/cm3 (1.0 lb/ft3) and in the other half of the specimens, it was approximately 0.019 g/cm3 (1.2 lb/ft3). The flexural properties of these specimens based on the maximum load, Pmax and deflection at failure Δymax (two different depths and two different foam densities) were statistically compared by 2-tailed t test. The results showed that foam density affects the bending performance of SIPs. In both depths, beams with heavier foam cores were stronger for the specific test conditions used in this study. It is noted that results may not be applicable to other design situations such as SIPs subjected to uniform loading with randomly placed foam core joints.