bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Devising a Simple Evaluation Method for Assessing Motor Coordination in the Upper and Lower Limbs
Authors: Li Runjie , Yamamoto Chisato , Miyazaki Tetsuya , Matsui Tomoyuki , Gonno Megumi , Nomura Teruo , Okado Kohei , Ito Masashi , Morihara Toru , Kida Noriyuki
Published: August 2024

Despite copious research, the methods for assessing upper- and lower-limb motor coordination are limited. We devised a simplified evaluation method based on upper- and lower-limb motor coordination jumping and conducted a practical examination of the characteristics of the motion and applicability of the evaluation method. Overall, 88 high-school athletes with comparable competitive abilities were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups based on their prior experience with motor coordination training (24 in the experienced group; 64 in the inexperienced group). First, a population proportion test was employed to assess the success rate of the four upper- and lower-limb motions in each task. This revealed significant difference between all tasks, except for the fourth motion, indicating that different motions have varying degrees of difficulty and that the combination of motions with differing difficulty coefficients can result in the creation of entirely new tasks with varying degrees of difficulty. Second, the experienced group demonstrated significantly superior performance compared to the inexperienced group by a t-test. These results confirmed that athletes (with the same level of competitive ability) trained in upper and lower limb motor coordination were able to excel in this evaluation method, confirming its validity.
Occupational Health Problems among Cambodian Dentists: A Cross-Section Study
Authors: Mariño Rodrigo , Horn Rithvitou , Seat Moniroth , Hong Konitha , Hen Sokpheakta
Published: August 2024

A cross-sectional study was organised to investigate the range, prevalence, and associated factors for occupational health problems related to dental practice among Cambodian dentists; Participants underwent a face-to-face interview to explore dentists work-related health problems; 106 Cambodian dentists participated in this study, 68.9% were male. Ages ranged from 29 to 71 years, averaging 36.1 years, with the majority (77.4%) in the 29-40 age group. They had 5 to 18 years of practice experience, and worked an average of 52.2 hours per week. Commonly reported health issues included back pain (88.7%), headaches (81.1%), shoulder pain (78.3%), arm/hand pain (57.5%), and eye problems (48.1%). 38.7% of participants felt stressed and 19.8% depressed. Some reported suicidal thoughts and taking medication for depression. Despite these challenges, 91.5% enjoyed practicing dentistry; Findings highlight the need for interventions and strategies to address the physical and mental well-being of Cambodian dentists. By addressing these issues, steps can be taken to enhance the working conditions and professional satisfaction of dental professionals, ultimately benefiting both the practitioners and their patients.
High‐Precision Defect Detection in Solar Cells Using YOLOv10 Deep Learning Model
Authors: Aktouf Lotfi , Shivanna Yathin , Dhimish Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

This study presents an advanced defect detection approach for solar cells using the YOLOv10 deep learning model. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset of 10,500 solar cell images, annotated with 12 distinct defect types, our model integrates Compact Inverted Blocks (CIB) and Partial Self-Attention (PSA) modules to enhance feature extraction and classification accuracy. Training on the Viking cluster with state-of-the-art GPUs, our model achieved remarkable results, including a mean Average Precision (mAP@0.5) of 98.5%. Detailed analysis of the model's performance revealed exceptional precision and recall rates for most defect classes, notably achieving 100% accuracy in detecting black core, corner, fragment, scratch, and short circuit defects. Even for challenging defect types such as thick line and star crack, the model maintained high performance with accuracies of 94% and 96%, respectively. The recall-confidence and precision-recall curves further demonstrate the model's robustness and reliability across varying confidence thresholds. This research not only advances the state of automated defect detection in photovoltaic manufacturing but also underscores the potential of YOLOv10 for real-time applications. Our findings suggest significant implications for improving the quality control process in solar cell production.
On the Strong Composition Dependence of the Martensitic Transformation Temperature and Heat in Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Beke Dezső L. , Azim Asmaa A.
Published: August 2024

General derivation of the well-known Ren-Otsuka relation, 1/α (dTo)/dx=-α/β (where To, x, α and β(>0) are the transformation temperature, the composition, as well as the composition and temperature coefficient of the critical shear constant, c’, respectively) for shape memory alloys, SMAs, is provided based on the similarity of interatomic potentials in the framework of dimensional analysis. A new dimensionless variable, to(x)=(To (x))/(Tm (x) ), describing the phonon softening (where Tm is the melting point) is introduced. The dimensionless values of the heat of transformation, H, and entropy, S as well as the elastic constants c’, c44, A=c44/c' are universal functions of to(x) and have the same constant values at to(0) within sub-classes of host SMAs having the same type of crystal symmetry change during martensitic transformation. The ratio of (dto)/dx and α has the same constant value for all members of a given sub-class and relative increase of c’ with increasing composition should be compensated by the same decrease of to. In the generalized Ren-Otsuka relation the anisotropy factor, A appears instead of c’ and α as well as β are the differences of the corresponding coefficients for the c44 and c’ elastic constants. The obtained linear relation between h and to rationalizes the observed empirical linear relations between the heat of transformation measured by DSC (QAM) and the martensite start temperature, Ms.
MLOps Approach for Automatic Image Segmentation Based on U-Net
Authors: Berezsky Oleh , Pitsun Oleh , Berezkyy Mykola , Batko Yuriy , Melnyk Grygoriy
Published: August 2024

The usage of classic segmentation methods has drastically decreased recently. Implementation of convolutional neural networks and their modifications leads to significantly improved results. With the help of U-net, you can perform automatic segmentation. However, this requires significantly more hardware and software resources. The use of cloud computing now provides a wide range of possibilities, which allows processing and sharing the obtained experience and results to improve the quality of diagnosis. This article presents an approach to implementing MLOPS for automatic image segmentation using U-net technology. The approach's key feature is the developed software block that allows the creation of a dataset based on given rules. The infrastructure also supports automatically deploying the necessary environment on the cloud, particularly on DigitalOcean.
ToolCAP: Novel Tools to Improve the Management of Paediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia – a Preliminary Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Du Toit Jacques , Palmer Megan , Manji Karim , Faye Papa Moctar , Tollman Stephen , Bresser Moniek , Cicconi Silvia , Glass Tracy , Langet Helene , Reither Klaus , Tshehla Evelyn , Keitel Kristina
Published: August 2024

Background Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), particularly pneumonia, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide, especially in low-resource settings. The World Health Organization (WHO) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines currently recommend antibiotic treatment for all case of with pneumonia based on clinical signs along, which can lead to over-prescription of antibiotics and contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Point of care Lung Ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool in this context and has demonstrated potential in distinguishing between bacterial and viral pneumonia, thus enabling more targeted antibiotic use. This study aims to explore whether integrating LUS into the IMCI-based management of clinical pneumonia will better identify those who would benefit from antibiotic treatment, reducing antibiotic overuse without compromising health outcomes. Methods An open label randomized controlled trial will enrol 3500 children aged 60 days to 12 years presenting with IMCI-defined pneumonia. Participants will be enrolled in Senegal, Tanzania, and South Africa. Participants will be randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1, stratified by site and age group (<5years, 5-12years) to either an intervention group, where LUS will guide antibiotic prescriptions utilising a predefined interpretation framework, or a control group receiving routine IMCI-based care. The co-primary outcomes of this study are the reduction in antibiotic use on the day of enrolment (Day 1) and rate of clinical failure by Day 8, using an acceptable clinical difference of 1.5x as a non-inferiority margin (delta of 2.5%). Secondary outcomes will include adverse drug reactions, cure rates, hospital admissions including in-patient duration, and cost-effectiveness. Data will be collected at baseline (Day 1), Day 8, and Day 29 post-enrolment. Discussion This study seeks to provide evidence on the clinical and public health benefits of using LUS to improve the diagnosis and management of paediatric pneumonia in low-resource settings. If this intervention proves effective it could contribute significantly toward reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions, thereby addressing AMR. The potential for LUS to be integrated into routine clinical practice could revolutionize pneumonia management, especially in areas with limited access to advanced diagnostic tools. Trial Registration This trial will be registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and The South African National Clinical Trials Register (SANCTR) prior to participant enrolment.
Characterization of the Aqueous Phase from Pyrolysis of Açaí Seeds and Fibers (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)
Authors: de Sousa Erick Monteiro , Bezerra Kelly Christina Alves , Silva Renan Marcelo Pereira , Martins Gabriel Arthur da Costa , de Assis Gabriel Xavier , Ferreira Raise Brenda Pinheiro , Bernar Lucas Pinto , Mendonça Neyson Martins , Tavares Dias Carmen Gilda Barroso , Castro Douglas Alberto Rocha de , Rodrigues Gabriel de Oliveira , Junior Sergio Duvoisin , Monteiro Marta Chagas , Machado Nélio Teixeira
Published: August 2024

The açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native fruit of the Amazon that is well-known due to its commercial value. Its production chain is centered in the state of Pará, largely supplied by extractivism. The processing of açaí fruits in nature generates huge amount of solid waste, which can pose serious risks to the environment if not used and managed properly. Due to a small number of systhematic studies on the effect of chemical activation by pyrolysis of açaí seeds and fibers, and with the aim of providing a basis for future applications of the waste generated by processing of açaí fruits, the present work proposes a study of the pyrolysis of açaí seeds and fibers and the physicochemical and compositional characterization of the aqueous phase products. In this way, açaí seeds were collected from a local artisan processing facility in the city of Belém, PA. The seeds were dried at 105°C until constant weight, and subsequently, the fibers were separated from the seeds in a rotating drum. The seeds and fibers were impregnated with NaOH solutions at 0.5M, 1.0M, and 2.0M, and then pyrolyzed at a laboratory scale at 450 °C and 1 atm. The liquid products from pyrolysis were characterized through acidity index analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. The increase in the concentration of the impregnating agent resulted in an increase in bio-oil yield from both the seeds and fibers, rising from 3.3% (raw seeds) to 6.6% (seeds impregnated with 2M NaOH) and from 1.2% (raw fibers) to 3.7% (fibers impregnated with 2M NaOH). The yield in the aqueous phase after biomass pyrolysis showed an inverse behavior to the bio-oil yield, decreasing from 33.7% (raw fibers) to 21.2% (fibers impregnated with 2M NaOH) and from 41% (raw seeds) to 37.5% (seeds impregnated with 2.0M NaOH). High acidity levels were found in the aqueous phase samples and bio-oils derived from the seeds and fibers, which decreased as the concentration of the impregnating agent increased. The increase in the concentration of the impregnating agent (NaOH) influenced the chemical composition of the obtained liquid products, leading to a decrease in oxygenated compounds and an increase in nitrogenous compounds in both experimental matrices, which was also evidenced by the reduction in acidity.
Development of High-Temperature Structural Materials for Gas Turbines
Authors: Bell Chris , Egon Axel , Shad Ralph
Published: August 2024

The advancement of high-temperature structural materials is crucial for the efficiency and performance of modern gas turbines, which are widely used in aviation and power generation. This paper explores the development and optimization of materials capable of withstanding extreme temperatures, mechanical stresses, and corrosive environments within turbine engines. The focus is on nickel-based superalloys, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), and emerging materials such as high entropy alloys (HEAs) and refractory metals. Nickel-based superalloys are the current standard due to their excellent high-temperature strength and creep resistance, while CMCs offer potential for weight reduction and improved thermal efficiency. High entropy alloys, characterized by their unique multi-component systems, present promising properties including high strength and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. Additionally, advances in coating technologies and additive manufacturing are enhancing the durability and performance of these materials. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with material development, including the trade-off between strength and ductility, manufacturing complexities, and the need for long-term performance data. Future research directions are identified, focusing on the integration of computational materials science and advanced characterization techniques to accelerate the discovery and implementation of next-generation high-temperature materials. The successful development of these materials is essential for improving the efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of gas turbines.
PSEN2 Mutations May Mimic Frontotemporal Dementia: Two New Case Reports and a Systematic Review
Authors: Minguillon Pereiro Anxo Manuel , Quintans Castro Beatriz , Ouro Alberto , Aldrey Vazquez Jose Manuel , Cortes Hernandez Julia , Aramburu Nuñez Marta , Arias Gomez Manuel , Martin Jimenez Isabel , Sobrino Tomás , Pias Peleteiro Juan Manuel
Published: August 2024

Background: Monogenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) has severe health and socioeconomic repercussions. Its rarest cause are presenilin 2 (PSEN2) gene mutations. We present two new cases with presumed PSEN2-AD, with unusual clinical and neuroimaging findings in order to provide more information on the pathophysiology and semiology of these patients.
Methods: Women aged 69 and 62 years at clinical onset, marked by prominent behavioral and language dysfunction, progressing to severe dementia within three years. Neuroimaging, laboratory study, genetic testing. In addition, a systematic review of the PSEN2-AD were performed.
Results: Neuroimaging revealed pronounced frontal white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and frontotemporal atrophy/hypometabolism. The genetic study unveiled PSEN2 variants: c.772G>A (p.Ala258Thr) and c.1073-2_1073-1del. Both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and experimental blood biomarkers shouldered AD etiology.
Conclusions: Prominent behavioral and language dysfunction suggesting frontotemporal dementia (FTD) may be underestimated in the literature as a clinical picture in PSEN2 mutations. Thus, it may be reasonable to include PSEN2 in genetic panels when suspecting FTDL.
PSEN2 mutations may cause striking WMH, arguably related with myelin disruption induced by amyloid accumulation.
EEG for Neurological Prognostication in Post-anoxic Coma Following Cardiac Arrest and Its Relationship to Outcome
Authors: Shivji Zaitoon , Bendahan Nathaniel , McInnis Carter , Woodford Timothy , Einspenner Michael , Calder Lisa , Boissé Lomax Lysa , Shukla Garima , Winston Gavin Paul
Published: August 2024

Cardiac arrest may cause significant hypoxic-ischemic injury leading to coma, seizures, myoclonic jerks, or status epilepticus. Mortality is high but accurate prognostication is challenging. A multimodal approach is employed, in which electroencephalograph (EEG) forms a key part with several recognised patterns of prognostic significance. In this retrospective study, clinical and qualitative features of the EEG of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Kingston General Hospital following cardiac arrest from 2017-2020 were reviewed. The study included 81 adult patients (>18 years). Outcome was assessed using the Cerebral Performance Category as 1-2 (favourable) or 3-5 (unfavourable). EEG patterns were divided into groups within the highly malignant, malignant, and benign patterns described in the literature. There were a wide range of causes and 22% had a favourable outcome. Highly malignant, malignant, and benign patterns were associated with survival in 0%, 78% and 100% respectively and favourable outcomes in 0%, 44% and 100%. All patients with seizures died and 94% with myoclonus had unfavourable outcomes. In contrast, EEG reactivity and improvement on follow-up EEG was associated with a favourable outcome. In conclusion, highly malignant EEG, seizures and myoclonus were associated with unfavourable outcome, while patient with malignant EEG had better outcome.
Principles of Economic Externality Dynamics: The Economic Dynamics and the Standard Model (V)
Authors: Yang Yingrui
Published: August 2024

The present paper discusses the importance of economic externality and the economic phenomena involved. Section 1 draws on the framework of weak force theory in physics, we propose a new approach of dynamic analysis for economic externality. From a mesoscopic (intermediate scale) perspective, no distinction is made between the macro-demand and individual micro-buyers nor between the macro-supply and individual micro-sellers. Section 2 applies the isospin modeling method to construct two economic isospin models. One is between the achieving impulse and the fear-of-failure impulse, under the effect of economic externality. The other is between the market behavior and market residues, namely, market aftertaste. Section 3 discusses the microstructural properties of the market, including Dirac's equation and the market, Dirac -matrix notation, and the chirality and spin structure of market components. Section 4 discusses the helical structural characteristics of supply chains, including CPT theorems, Penrose zigzag helical processes, and several modeling directions of economic externality and buyer-seller interactions (weak interactions). Section 5 discusses the economic externality and the electroweak model, including extensive externality, externality mediations with Weinberg rotations, and economic analysis using lepton weak currents, including the analysis of lepton neutral weak currents. Finally, Section 6 provides a general discussion on the standard model of economic dynamics.
Influence of Northern Wild Rice on Gut Dysbiosis and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Correlation with Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers in High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistant Mice
Authors: Zhao Ruozhi , Fajardo Janice , Shen Garry X.
Published: August 2024

The present study examined metabolites in Northern wild rice (WLD), the impact of WLD supplemented high fat (HF) diet on gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and correlation with metabolism or inflammation versus HF+white rice (WHR) in mice. C57BL/6J mice received HF diet supplemented with 26g% WHR, 26g% WLD, or 13g% WHR+13g% WLD (WTWD) for 12 weeks. The levels of fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokines and monocyte adhesion were lower, and the abundances of fecal Lactobacillus gasseri species bacteria and propionic acid were higher in HF+WLD diet-fed mice compared to HF+WHR diet-fed mice (p<0.05). The anti-inflammatory effects of HF+WTWD diet were weaker than that in HF+WLD diet, but were greater than that in HF+WHR diet-fed mice (p<0.05). Relative abundances of fecal Lactobacillus gasseri and propionic acid in HF+WLD fed-mice were higher than that in HF+WHR fed mice. The abundance of fecal L. gasseri and propionic acid negatively correlated with metabolic and inflammatory markers (p<0.05). The findings suggest that WLD dose-dependently attenuated metabolic and inflammatory disorders in HF diet-fed mice. Interactions between WLD components and gut microbiota may upregulate fecal propionic acid and contribute to metabolic and anti-inflammatory benefits of WLD diet-induced insulin resistant mice.
Comparison of Six Measures of Genetic Similarity of Interspecific Brassicaceae Hybrids F2 Generation and Their Parental Forms Estimated on the Basis of ISSR Markers
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Niemann Janetta , Jagieniak Anna , Szwarc Justyna
Published: August 2024

Genetic similarity determines the extent to which two genotypes share common genetic material. It can be measured in various ways, such as comparing DNA sequences, proteins, or other genetic markers. The significance of genetic similarity is multifaceted and encompasses various fields, including evolutionary biology, medicine, forensic science, animal and plant breeding, and anthropology. Genetic similarity is an important concept with wide application across different scientific disciplines. In the presented study, six measures for calculating genetic similarity were compared: Euclidean, Jaccard, Kulczyński, Sokal and Michener, Nei, and Rogers. The research material included 21 rapeseed genotypes (ten interspecific Brassicaceae hybrids of F2 generation, and 11 of their parental forms) and 146 alleles, obtained using 21 ISSR molecular markers. The results indicate that the research material was divided into two identical groups using any of the proposed methods, despite differences in the values of genetic similarity coefficients. Two of the presented measures of genetic similarity (Sokal and Michener, and Euclidean) were the same.
Development of Geotechnical Seismic Isolation System in the Form of Vertical Barriers: Effectiveness and Perspective
Authors: Bessimbayev Yerik T. , Shadkam Assylbek S. , Begaliev Ulugbek T. , Begentayev Meyram M. , Suleyev Dossym K. , Zhumadilova Zhanar O. , Irgebayev Tuleukhan I. , Ussipbekov Yerlan Y.
Published: August 2024

This work discusses seismic isolation technologies and analyses the concept of geotechnical seismic isolation (GSI) system, which is characterized by new principles of operation, using geomaterial with modified properties to reduce inertial seismic loads on buildings and structures. The aim of the study is to develop a geotechnical seismic isolation system in the form of vertical barriers, with different geometrical characteristics, using rubber-soil mixture (RSM). The novelty of the work consists in determination of effective constructive and technical solutions of vertical seismic barriers from RSM, which are characterized by reliability in providing seismic isolation of construction objects. Soil and superstructure interactions are modeled in Plaxis software, using the Northridge earthquake accelerogram. The results confirm the positive impact of using RSM as an effective material for GSI vertical barriers. The present numerical and experimental results show that the GSI system using RSM can significantly reduce the seismic hazard. The results of computational-experimental modeling will become a research, analytical and design basis for the development of new ways to ensure earthquake resistance of construction objects.
Chrono-Nutrition, Chrono-Type, and the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Cross-Sectional Study from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study
Authors: Luján-Barroso Leila , Margara-Escudero Hernando J , Crous-Bou Marta , Huerta José María , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores , Molina-Montes Esther , Sánchez María-José , Guevara Marcela , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Amiano Pilar , Mokoroa Olatz , González Sonia , Agudo Antonio , Quirós Jose Ramón , Jakszyn Paula
Published: August 2024

Background: It has shown that meal timing, poor sleep quality and chronotype could play a relevant role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship with macronutrients by eating occasions has not been explored deeply.
Objective: Our aim was to estimate the association between chrono-nutrition, sleep quality, chronotype and the prevalence of T2DM.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included a subset of 3465 middle-aged adults (2068 women) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Spain cohort study. In the 2017-18 follow-up, we assessed chronotype, sleep quality, diet, and sociodemographic data by validated questionnaires. Further, we used blood samples to determinate serum levels of glucose. We defined a case of T2DM when serum glucose concentration was ≥126 mg/dl or when participants self-reported diabetes.
Results: Higher prevalence of T2DM was associated with poor sleep quality (ORpoorvsgood=2.90, 95%CI=1.30, 6.28). Carbohydrate intake at breakfast was inversely associated with the prevalence of T2DM (OR=0.75, 95%CI=0.66, 0.85). Finally, lipid intake at breakfast were associated with a 13% higher the prevalence of T2DM (OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.01, 1.26) for each 1 standard deviation (1-SD) increase. We observed no associations between macronutrient intake at lunch or dinner and T2DM.
Conclusions: The study concludes that a breakfast with higher content in carbohydrate at breakfast is correlated with a reduced prevalence of T2DM. While higher lipids intake at breakfast was associated with higher prevalence of T2DM. Furthermore, poor sleep quality is as a potential factor associated with an elevated prevalence of T2DM. Our results emphasize the need for prospective studies to validate and strengthen these observed associations.
Online and Offline Aggressive Behaviors in Adolescence: The Role of Self-Regulatory Self-Efficacy Beliefs
Authors: Favini Ainzara , Lunetti Carolina , Virzì Alessia Teresa , Cannito Loreta , Culcasi Flavia , Quarto Tiziana , Palladino Paola
Published: August 2024

Self-regulatory Self-efficacy belief (i.e., SRSE) represents a fundamental factor for adjustment in adolescence, as a vehicle to promote positive behaviors and protect youths from transgressions and maladjustment Bandura et al., 2003; LaRose et al., 2010). Research attested that, during adolescence, boys are more vulnerable to externalizing behaviors than girls, especially when they perceive themselves as scarcely capable of managing and orienting their behaviors, and when they possess impairments in impulsivity (Bandura et al., 2001; Muris, 2006). Previous studies firmly supported the key role of SRSE especially in the offline context in adolescence, but very few studies investigated its impact in the online context, although nowadays Internet represents one of the most significant environments for youths’ daily lives (LaRose et al., 2010; Favini et al., 2023). Thus, we aimed to examine the protective moderating role of SRSE in online and offline aggressive behaviors, beyond youths’ temperamental vulnerabilities, such as high levels of impulsivity. A sample of 318 Italian adolescents (Mage=15.21; SD=.51; 57% boys; 40% girls; 3% third gender) were asked to complete the Impulsivity Scale at Wave1, online and offline aggressive behaviors scales at Wave 2, and SRSE at Wave 2. Multiple-group-by-gender moderation model evidenced that, for what concerns online aggression, beyond the direct effects of impulsivity in boys and girls, SRSE directly affected online aggression and mediated the effect of impulsivity in girls. In contrast, impulsivity significantly affected offline aggressive behaviors only indirectly through the effects of SRSE, and SRSE directly influenced these behaviors in both genders. These results hold for the effects of youth’s age, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and years of education completed. This work preliminary evidenced that, contrary to previous studies which focused especially on the vulnerability of boys to aggressive conduct, impulsivity had direct effects on online aggressive behaviors in girls, and SRSE can protect adolescents of both genders in the online context, by predicting low online aggression, and represent a protective factor from the indirect effects that im-pulsivity impairments can have also in the offline context.
Inhibition of IRAP Enhance the Expression of Pro-cognitive Markers Drebrin and MAP2 in Rat Primary Neuronal Cells
Authors: Stam Frida , Bjurling Sara , Nylander Erik , Olaniran Håkansson Esther , Barlow Nicholas , Gising Johan , Larhed Mats , Odell Luke R. , Grönbladh Alfhild , Hallberg Mathias
Published: August 2024

The insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP; oxytocinase) is part of the M1 aminopeptidase family and is highly expressed in many tissues, including the neocortex and hippocampus of the brain. IRAP is involved in various physiological functions and has been identified as a receptor for the endogenous hexapeptide Angiotensin IV (Ang IV). Binding of Ang IV inhibits the enzymatic activity of IRAP and has proven to enhance learning and memory in animal models. The macrocyclic compound 9 (C9) is a potent synthetic IRAP inhibitor developed from the previously reported inhibitor HA08. In this study, we have examined compound C9 and its effects on cognitive markers drebrin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in primary hippocampal and cortical cultures. Cells from Sprague Dawley rats were cultured for 14 days before treatment with C9 for 4 consecutive days. The cells were analysed for protein expression of drebrin, MAP2, GFAP, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGluT1), and synapsin I using immunocytochemistry. The gene expression of related proteins was determined using qPCR, and viability assays were performed to evaluate toxicity. The results showed that protein expression of drebrin and MAP2 was increased, and the corresponding mRNA levels were decreased, after treatment with C9 in the hippocampal cultures. The ratio of MAP2 positive neurons and GFAP positive astrocytes was altered in both hippocampal and cortical cultures, and there were no toxic effects observed. In conclusion, IRAP inhibitor compound C9 enhance the expression of pro-cognitive markers drebrin and MAP2 which further confirms IRAP as a relevant pharmaceutical target and C9 as a promising candidate for further investigation.
Effect of Sucrose on the Behavior of a Dual-Species Biofilm of Candida albicans and Streptococcus sanguinis
Authors: Lozano Carla P. , Martínez-Casanova Elías , García-Manríquez Natalia , Giacaman Rodrigo A. , Lefimil Claudia , Lee Ximena
Published: August 2024

Candida albicans is present in oral health and has been linked with dental caries. So far, the behavior of the yeast in the presence of Streptococcus sanguinis has not been tested. The aim was to determine the effect of excess sugar as a cariogenic environment on the biological and physico-chemical parameters of single-species (C. albicans) and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and S. sanguinis. An in vitro caries model was used. The biofilms were exposed to 10% sucrose or 0.9% NaCl for 5 min 3x/day/5 days. Viable cells, hyphal quantification, SEM, biofilm pH, H2O2 quantification and surface microhardness of enamel slabs were determined. Microbial viability and the number of hyphae were higher for sucrose exposure, in the dual-species biofilms induced by excess sugar and coexistence between the two microorganisms. Sucrose-exposed biofilms showed a progressive pH drop over the time course. H2O2 production was about 6 times higher for the dual-species biofilms. Enamel demineralization was higher in the single-species, suggesting an inhibitory effect due to S. sanguinis. Excess sugar increases the pathogenic potential of C. albicans biofilm. In dual-species biofilms, S. sanguinis prevents pronounced drops in pH, decreasing demineralization and stimulates the development of hyphae in the yeast.
On the Stabilizing Effect of Aspartate and Glutamate and Its Counteraction by Common Denaturants
Authors: Izzi Guido , Campanile Marco , Del Vecchio Pompea , Graziano Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

By performing DSC measurements on RNase A, we studied the stabilization provided by the addition of potassium aspartate or potassium glutamate, that leads to a significant increase in the denaturation temperature of the protein. The stabilization proves to be mainly entropic in origin. A counteraction of the stabilization provided by KAsp or KGlu is obtained by adding common denaturants such as urea, guanidinium chloride and guanidinium thiocyanate. A rationalization of experimental data is devised on the basis of a theoretical approach developed by one of us. The main contribution to the conformational stability of globular proteins comes from the gain in translational entropy of water and co-solute ions and/or molecules for the decrease in solvent-excluded volume associated with polypeptide folding (i.e., there is a large decrease in solvent-accessible surface area). The magnitude of this entropic contribution increases with the number density and volume packing density of the solution. The two destabilizing contributions come from the conformational entropy of the chain, that should not depend significantly on the presence of co-solutes, and from the direct energetic interactions between co-solutes and the protein surface in both the native and denatured states. It is the magnitude of the latter to discriminate between stabilizing and destabilizing agents.
Flowrate Sensing and Measurement in Smart Inhalers
Authors: Mysovskikh Ivan , Legg Mathew , Demidenko Serge
Published: August 2024

This review discusses approaches and implementations of flowrate sensing and measurement in smart inhalers for effective respiratory disease management. It highlights the importance of compliance with proper inhaling techniques and consistent adherence for managing respiratory conditions. Methods and relevant commercial and prototype research-type devices for sensing and measuring inhalation flowrate in smart inhalers are studied and compared. The study argues that utilisation of acoustic analysis and air pressure sensing is a promising approach to detect and evaluate the inhaling action ultimately allowing to improve the treatment outcomes and life quality of patients with respiratory diseases.
Transforming Education with Artificial Intelligence: Potential and Obstacles in Developing Countries
Authors: Hakimi Musawer , Shahidzay Amir Kror
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence harbors significant, unrealized promise for educational reformers, adding benefit to low-resource settings, particularly in the Least Developed Nations where access to quality learning remains most acute. The purpose of the introduction is to summarize how AI can reduce the educational gap and increase the effectiveness of education in poor resource environments. This paper, in a critical way, reviews the existing literature on the integration of AI in the education systems of developing countries concerning the benefits and challenges. This is achieved by reviewing a cross-section of literature from MDPI, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, and IEEE Xplore databases. Much emphasis within the selection criteria is given to those studies that had either empirically or theoretically demonstrated the influence of AI on educational practices within developing countries. Key findings: AI has the potential to greatly improve learning outcomes; it somewhat increases access to education but bodes well for the personalization agenda. These, however, will be surmounted upon adoption if it is to be effective: there exist huge challenges such as limited access to the internet, infrastructural deficit, and socio-cultural barriers. This study can, therefore, give inference to the fact that AI can change education and further enhance new equity in developing countries if there are corresponding proper policy interventions, building the capacity of teachers, and involvement of the community. More research is required to inform the long-term implications of AI and new uses being developed for AI applications in many diverse educational contexts, on which to base strategies for more equitable and more inclusive global education.
Midkine Deficiency Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pulmonary Inflammation
Authors: Tanino Yoshinori , Wang Xintao , Nikaido Takefumi , Sato Yuki , Togawa Ryuichi , Watanabe Natsumi , Tanino Mishie , Kadomatsu Kenji , Shibata Yoko
Published: August 2024

Midkine (MDK) is a multifunctional heparin-binding growth factor, and has been shown to regulate cell growth, survival and migration. It also plays important roles in several inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. However, the role of MDK in the lungs has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the role of MDK in pulmonary inflammation experiments using a mouse lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pneumonia model and human bronchial cells. Wild-type and MDK-deficient mice were injected intratracheally with LPS, and several inflammatory parameters were analyzed. In the wild-type mice, mRNA expression of MDK in lung tissues was significantly increased after intratracheal LPS injection. The MDK-deficient mice showed significantly lower counts of total cells and neutrophils, as well as lower concentrations of neutrophil chemokines, KC and MIP-2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, compared to wild-type mice. Moreover, mRNA expressions of TNF-α, KC and MIP-2 in lung tissues, as well as histopathological lung inflammation score, were significantly lower in the MDK-deficient mice. Furthermore, in in vitro experiments using bronchial epithelial cells, LPS stimulation increased mRNA expression of MDK, and MDK knockdown by siRNA decreased LPS-induced TNF-α and CXCL8 upregulation. These findings suggest that deficiency of MDK attenuates LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation.
Nano-Formulations of Natural Antioxidants for the Treatment of Liver Cancer
Authors: Cristani Mariateresa , Citarella Andrea , Carnamucio Federica , Micale Nicola
Published: August 2024

Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathological processes that trigger various chronic liver diseases and contributes to the development of hepatocarcinogenesis. Antioxidants from natural sources trap free radicals by converting them into non-harmful products and minimize oxidative stress, playing a crucial function in the treatment of free radical-induced diseases. However, the activity of these antioxidants is limited due their poor bioavailability, which is why various nano-drug delivery systems have been developed to improve their stability, promote smooth release, and targeted delivery for liver cancer treatment. Specifically, this review aims to report recent scientific findings of novel nano-formulations containing natural antioxidant molecules targeted for the treatment of liver cancer.
Optimizing Powder-to-Liquid Ratios in Lost Foam Casting Coatings: Impacts on Viscosity, Shear Thinning Behavior, Coating Weight, and Surface Morphology
Authors: Sun Guojin , Li Zhenggui , Wang Qi
Published: August 2024

This study explores the effects of powder-to-liquid ratio on the performance characteristics of lost foam casting coatings. The investigation focuses on how variations in this ratio affect key properties including apparent viscosity, shear thinning behavior, coating weight, and surface morphology. Through a series of controlled experiments, coatings were prepared with different powder-to-liquid ratios and assessed for their physical and application properties. The results indicate that increasing the powder-to-liquid ratio raises the apparent viscosity and modifies shear thinning behavior. Notably, ratios exceeding 2.0 result in a sharp increase in viscosity that impedes coating application. The optimal powder-to-liquid ratio was determined to be between 2.0 and 2.2, where coatings demonstrated enhanced uniformity, improved particle distribution, and superior surface morphology. Coating weight increased up to a ratio of 2.2 but decreased beyond this threshold due to excessive viscosity. Both microscopic and macroscopic analyses confirmed that a ratio of 2.0 to 2.2 strikes the best balance for coating performance. These findings underscore the importance of precise powder-to-liquid ratio control to optimize the quality of lost foam casting coatings, offering valuable insights for refining coating formulations and application techniques in industrial contexts.
Exploring Social Participation Among Adults with Spinal Cord Injury During the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada
Authors: Fortin-Bédard Noémie , Ladry Naomie-Jade , Bouchard David , Rahn Caroline , Borisoff Jaimie , Sweet Shane N. , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P. , Routhier François , Best Krista L.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic challenged people with spinal cord injury (SCI) regarding a variety of mental and physical issues. New challenges may arise as the effects of the pandemic continue. The objective of the present study was to explore the social participation of Canadians with SCI during the second wave of COVID-19. Methods: Participants with SCI from two Canadian provinces (Quebec and British Columbia) were interviewed. Results: Eighteen participants completed interviews. Facilitators of social participation remain similar since the first wave of COVID-19, such as the use of technology, help received by relatives and the use of delivery services to obtain groceries and other essentials. Obstacles to mobility due to winter conditions and lack of considerations related to COVID-19 public health measures specific to wheelchair users were also discussed by participants. Conclusions: People with SCI perceived participation restrictions, little changes in life habits, and uncertainty about the future during the second wave of COVID-19. The unique living conditions of people with SCI, ability to adapt life habits, and the lived experiences of people with SCI may have contributed to an overall resilience during the pandemic. Adaptive families, social contacts and technology made a difference during the pandemic.
Peripancreatic Head Paraganglioma Versus Neuroendocrine Tumor, a Roller Coaster Diagnostic Dilemma in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with a Note: “A Definite Diagnosis Cannot Be Concluded”
Authors: Niaz Zahida , Ismail Babikir , Al Farai Abdullah Yahya , Telugu Ramesh Babu , Al Haddabi Ibrahim Hassan
Published: August 2024

Cytologic diagnosis of extra‐adrenal paraganglioma presenting as a peripancreatic mass is challenging with a high rate of diagnostic error. We present a case of a peripancreatic mass identified by radiology as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass showed a moderately cellular tumor composed of small to medium sized neoplastic cells with round to oval nuclei arranged singly and in loose clusters. The cells were positive for neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin and chromogranin) and negative for CD117. A diagnosis of a neoplasm with a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) was made on FNA cytology. The subsequent surgical resection of the tumor revealed peripancreatic paraganglioma with immunohistochemistry positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin, and S100. The latter delineates the sustentacular cells. Although paraganglioma is a well recognized tumor, a detailed comparison of peripancreatic paraganglioma versus pancreatic/gastrointestinal NET is still lacking.
Neural Fractional Differential Equations: Optimising the Order of the Fractional Derivative
Authors: Coelho Cecília , Costa M. Fernanda P. , Ferrás Luís L.
Published: August 2024

Neural Fractional Differential Equations (Neural FDE) represent a neural network architecture specifically designed to fit the solution of a fractional differential equation to given data. This architecture combines an analytical component, represented by a fractional derivative, with a neural network component, forming an initial value problem. During the learning process, both the order of the derivative and the parameters of the neural network must be optimised. In this work, we investigate the non-uniqueness of the optimal order of the derivative and its interaction with the neural network component. Based on our findings, we perform a numerical analysis to examine how different initialisations and values of the order of the derivative (in the optimisation process) impact its final optimal value. Results show that the neural network on the right-hand side of the Neural FDE struggles to adjust its parameters to fit the FDE to the data dynamics for any given order of the fractional derivative. Consequently, Neural FDEs do not require a unique α value, instead, they can use a wide range of α values to fit data. This flexibility is beneficial when fitting to given data is required, and the underlying physics is not known.
Bioaerosol Disinfection by a Cold Plasma Ionizer Coupled with an Electrostatic Precipitator
Authors: Lim Wei Yang Samuel , Ow Sian Yang , Laura Sutarlie , Lee Yeong Yuh , Suwardi Ady , Tan Ivan , Cheong Wun Chet Davy , Loh Xian Jun , Su Xiaodi
Published: August 2024

Despite the best efforts in air-purification, airborne infectious diseases do and will continue to spread due to continuous emission of bioaerosols by the host/infected person. To tackle the rapid spread of airborne infectious diseases, a shift in focus from air-purification to bioaerosol disinfection/ decontamination is urgently needed. In this work, we studied a cold plasma ionizer (CPI) and electrostatic precipitator (ESP)-coupled CPI (CPI-ESP) for disinfection and cleaning of bioaerosols. Using porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) and E. coli in a testing chamber, we demonstrated that CPI coupled with ESP is an effective technology for inactivating aerosolized microorganisms and microorganisms spread on surfaces. In addition, we have demonstrated the efficiency of a CPI-ESP coupled device for disinfection of naturally occurring airborne microbials in a few indoor settings (i.e., an living room, a discussion room, a schoolroom and an office) to determine the treatment duration- and human activity-dependent efficacy. To understand the disinfection mechanism, we conduced fluorescence microscopy study to reveal different degree of bacteria cell membrane damage under CPI treatment.