bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Glycation End Products Inhibit the Proliferation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Inhibiting Cathepsin D
Authors: Li Yuan , Chang Ye , Ye Ning , Dai Dongxue , Chen Yintao , Zhang Naijin , Sun Guozhe , Sun Yingxian
Published: February 2017

We aimed to investigate the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the proliferation and migration ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, real-time cell analyzer and 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining. Cell migration was detected by wound-healing and transwell assay. AGEs significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HUVECs in a time-and dose-dependent way. Western blotting revealed that AGEs dramatically increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) II/I and p62. Immunofluorescence of p62 and acridine orange staining revealed that AGEs significantly increased the expression of p62 and the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles, respectively. Chloroquine (CQ) could further promote the expression of LC3 II/I and p62, increase the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and promote cell injury induced by AGEs. In addition, AGEs reduced cathepsin D (CTSD) expression in a time-dependent way. Overexpression of wild-type CTSD significantly decreased the ratio of LC 3 II/I as well as p62 accumulation induced by AGEs, but overexpression of catalytically inactive mutant CTSD had no such effects. Only overexpression of wild-type CTSD could restore the proliferation of HUVECs inhibited by AGEs. However, overexpression of both wild-type CTSD and catalytically inactive mutant CTSD could promote the migration of HUVECs inhibited by AGEs. Collectively, our study found that AGEs inhibited the proliferation and migration in HUVECs and promoted autophagic flux, which in turn played a protective role against AGEs-induced cell injury. CTSD, in need of its catalytic activity, may promote proliferation in AGEs-treated HUVECs independent of the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Meanwhile, CTSD could improve the migration of AGEs-treated HUVECs regardless of its enzymatic activity.
Microstructural Characterization of Melt Extracted High-Nb-Containing TiAl-Based Fiber
Authors: Zhang Shuzhi , Zhang Shuling , Chen Yanfei , Han Jianchao , Zhang Changjiang , Wang Xiaopeng , Chen Yuyong
Published: February 2017

The microstructure of melt extracted Ti-44Al-8Nb-0.2W-0.2B-1.5Si fiber were investigated. When the rotation speed increased from 2000 to 2600 r/min, the appearance of the wire was uniform with no Rayleigh-wave default. The structure was mainly composed of fine α2 (α) phase dendritic crystal and a second phase between dendrite arms and grain boundaries. The precipitated second phases were confirmed to be Ti5Si3 from the eutectic reaction L→Ti5Si3 + α and TiB. As the lower content of Si and higher cooling rate, a divorced eutectic microstructure was obtained. Segregation of Ti, Nb, B, Si, and Al occurred during rapid solidification.
Synthesis of 2D Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Piao Jinhua , Liang Zhenxing
Published: February 2017

2D nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NMC) is synthesized by using a mesoporous silica film as hard template, which is then investigated as a non-precious metal catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The effect of the synthesis conditions on the silica template and carbon is extensively investigated. In this work, we employ dual templates—viz. graphene oxide and triblock copolymer F127—to control the textural features of a 2D silica film. The silica is then used as a template to direct the synthesis of a 2D nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon. The resultant nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon is characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen ad/desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and rotating disk electrode measurements (RDE). The electrochemical test reveals that the obtained 2D-film carbon catalyst yields a highly electrochemically active surface area and superior electrocatalytic activity for the ORR compared to the 3D-particle. The superior activity can be firstly attributed to the difference in the specific surface area of the two catalysts. More importantly, the 2D-film morphology makes more active sites accessible to the reactive species, resulting in a much higher utilization efficiency and consequently better activity. Finally, it is noted that all the carbon catalysts exhibit a higher ORR activity than a commercial Pt catalyst, and are promising for use in fuel cells.
Antibacterial Activities of Bacteria Isolated from the Marine Sponges Isodictya compressa and Higginsia bidentifera Collected from Algoa Bay, South Africa
Authors: Matobole Relebohile , Van Zyl Leonardo , Parker‐Nance Shirley , Davies‐Coleman Michael , Trindade Marla
Published: February 2017

Due to the rise in multi‐drug resistant pathogens and other diseases, there is renewed interest in marine sponge endosymbionts as a rich source of natural products (NPs). The South African marine environment is rich in marine biota that remains largely unexplored and may represent an important source for the discovery of novel NPs. We first investigated the bacterial diversity associated with five South African marine sponges, whose microbial populations had not previously been investigated, and select the two sponges (Isodictya compressa and Higginsia bidentifera) with highest species richness to culture bacteria. By employing 33 different growth conditions 415 sponge‐associated bacterial isolates were cultured and screened for antibacterial activity. Thirty‐five isolates showed antibacterial activity, twelve of which exhibited activity against the multi‐drug resistant Escherichia coli 1699, implying that some of the bioactive compounds could be novel. Genome sequencing of two of these isolates confirmed that they harbour uncharacterized biosynthetic pathways that may encode novel chemical structures.
Strength Reduction of Coal Pillar after CO2 Sequestration in Abandoned Coal Mines
Authors: Du Qiuhao , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Enzhi , Wang Sijing
Published: February 2017

CO2 geosequestration is currently considered to be the most effective and economical method to dispose of artificial greenhouse gases. There are a large number of coal mines that will be scrapped, and some of them are located in deep formations in China. CO2 storage in abandoned coal mines will be a potential option for greenhouse gas disposal. However, CO2 trapping in deep coal pillars would induce swelling effects of coal matrix. Adsorption-induced swelling not only modifies the volume and permeability of coal mass, but also causes the basic physical and mechanical properties changing, such as elastic modulus and Poisson ratio. It eventually results in some reduction in pillar strength. Based on the fractional swelling as a function of time and different loading pressure steps, the relationship between volumetric stress and adsorption pressure increment is acquired. Eventually, this paper presents a theory model to analyze the pillar strength reduction after CO2 adsorption. The model provides a method to quantitatively describe the interrelation of volumetric strain, swelling stress, and mechanical strength reduction after gas adsorption under the condition of step-by-step pressure loading and the non-Langmuir isothermal model. The model might have a significantly important implication for predicting the swelling stress and mechanical behaviors of coal pillars during CO2 sequestration in abandoned coal mines.
Ent-Abietanoids Isolated from Isodon serra
Authors: Wan Jun , Jiang Hua-Yi , Tang Jian-Wei , Li Xing-Ren , Du Xue , Li Yan , Sun Han-Dong , Pu Jian-Xin
Published: February 2017

Four new ent-abietane diterpenoids, along with four known ones were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon serra, a traditional Chinese folk medicine. The new diterpenoids were named as serrin K (1), xerophilusin XVII (2), and enanderianins Q and R (3 and 4), while the known ones were identified as rubescansin J (5), (3α,14β)-3,18-[(1-methylethane-1,1-diyl)dioxy]-ent-abieta-7,15(17)-diene-14,16-diol (6), xerophilusin XIV (7), and enanderianin P (8), respectively. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature. Compound 1 showed remarkable inhibitory activity towards NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells (IC50 = 1.8 μM) and weak cytotoxicity towards five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, SW480).
Lobular Distribution and Variability in Hepatic ATP Binding Cassette Protein B1 (ABCB1, P-gp): Ontogenetic Differences and Potential for Toxicity
Authors: Abanda Ngu , Riches Zoe , Collier Abby
Published: February 2017

The ATP Binding Cassette B1 (ABCB1) transporter has critical roles in endo- and xenobiotic efficacy and toxicity. To understand population variability in hepatic transport we determined ABCB1 mRNA and protein levels in total liver lysates sampled from 8 pre-defined sites (n = 24, 18–69 years), and in S9 from randomly acquired samples (n = 87, 7 days–87 years). ABCB1 levels did not differ significantly throughout individual livers and showed 4.4-fold protein variation between subjects. Neither mRNA nor protein levels varied with sex, ethnicity, obesity or triglycerides in lysates or S9 (that showed the same relationships), but protein levels were lower in pediatric S9 (p < 0.0001), with 76% of adult ABCB1 present at birth and predicted to mature in 5 years. Pediatric total liver lysates were not available. In summary, opportunistic collection for studying human hepatic ABCB1 is acceptable. Additionally, ABCB1 may be lower in children, indicating differential potential for toxicity and response to therapy in this special population.
A Soil Moisture Retrieval Method Based on Typical Polarization Decomposition Techniques for a Maize Field from Full-Polarization Radarsat-2 Data
Authors: Xie Qiuxia , Meng Qingyan , Zhang Linlin , Wang Chunmei , Sun Yunxiao , Sun Zhenhui
Published: February 2017

Soil moisture (SM) estimates are important to research, but are not accurately predictable in areas with tall vegetation. Full-polarization Radarsat-2 C-band data were used to retrieve SM contents using typical polarization decomposition (Freeman–Durden, Yamaguchi and VanZly) at different growth stages of maize. Applicability analyses were conducted, including proportion, regression and surface scattering model analyses. Furthermore, the Bragg, the extended Bragg scattering model (X-Bragg) and improved surface scattering models (ISSM) were used to retrieve SM content. The results indicated that the VanZly decomposition method was the best. The proportion of surface scattering in the proportion analysis was highest (>52%), followed by that in the Yamaguchi method (>41%). The R2 (>0.6144) between surface scattering and SM was significantly higher (R2 < 0.4484) between dihedral scattering and SM in the regression analysis. The ISSM was better at different maize growth stages than the Bragg and X-Bragg models with a higher R2 (>0.6599) and lower absolute error (AE) (<5.82) and root mean square error (RMSE) (<3.73). The best algorithm was obtained at the sowing stage (R2 = 0.8843, AE = 3.13, RMSE = 1.76). In addition, the X-Bragg model provided better approximation of actual surface scattering without the measured data (better algorithm: R2 = 0.8314, AE = 4.39, RMSE = 2.81).
A High Performance Piezoelectric Sensor for Dynamic Force Monitoring of Landslide
Authors: Li Ming , Cheng Wei , Chen Jiangpan , Xie Ruili , Li Xiongfei
Published: February 2017

Due to the increasing influence of human engineering activities, it is important to monitor the transient disturbance during the evolution process of landslide. For this purpose, a high-performance piezoelectric sensor is presented in this paper. To adapt the high static and dynamic stress environment in slope engineering, two key techniques, namely, the self-structure pressure distribution method (SSPDM) and the capacitive circuit voltage distribution method (CCVDM) are employed in the design of the sensor. The SSPDM can greatly improve the compressive capacity and the CCVDM can quantitatively decrease the high direct response voltage. Then, the calibration experiments are conducted via the independently invented static and transient mechanism since the conventional testing machines cannot match the calibration requirements. The sensitivity coefficient is obtained and the results reveal that the sensor has the characteristics of high compressive capacity, stable sensitivities under different static preload levels and wide-range dynamic measuring linearity. Finally, to reduce the measuring error caused by charge leakage of the piezoelectric element, a low-frequency correction method is proposed and experimental verified. Therefore, with the satisfactory static and dynamic properties and the improving low-frequency measuring reliability, the sensor can complement dynamic monitoring capability of the existing landslide monitoring and forecasting system.
A Delay-Aware and Reliable Data Aggregation for Cyber-Physical Sensing
Authors: Zhang Jinhuan , Long Jun , Zhang Chengyuan , Zhao Guihu
Published: February 2017

Physical information sensed by various sensors in a cyber-physical system should be collected for further operation. In many applications, data aggregation should take reliability and delay into consideration. To address these problems, a novel Tiered Structure Routing-based Delay-Aware and Reliable Data Aggregation scheme named TSR-DARDA for spherical physical objects is proposed. By dividing the spherical network constructed by dispersed sensor nodes into circular tiers with specifically designed widths and cells, TSTR-DARDA tries to enable as many nodes as possible to transmit data simultaneously. In order to ensure transmission reliability, lost packets are retransmitted. Moreover, to minimize the latency while maintaining reliability for data collection, in-network aggregation and broadcast techniques are adopted to deal with the transmission between data collecting nodes in the outer layer and their parent data collecting nodes in the inner layer. Thus, the optimization problem is transformed to minimize the delay under reliability constraints by controlling the system parameters. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we have conducted extensive theoretical analysis and comparisons to evaluate the performance of TSR-DARDA. The analysis and simulations show that TSR-DARDA leads to lower delay with reliability satisfaction.
Dynamics of Brokerage Positions in Clusters: Evidence from the Spanish Foodstuffs Industry
Authors: Belso-Martínez José , Expósito-Langa Manuel , Mas-Verdú Francisco , Molina-Morales F.
Published: February 2017

Shifting away from traditional approaches orientated towards the analysis of the benefits associated with brokerage, this paper provides valuable insights into the dynamics of this network position and the opportunities to innovate that it provides. Using fine grain micro data collected in a foodstuff Spanish cluster, the evolution of different brokerage profiles is analyzed in depth. It was particularly evident how firm-level characteristics (status, former mediating experience and external openness) and their interactions may generate changes in the different brokerage roles over a period of time. The findings of this work partially validate expectations based on the network dynamics approaches. Status and previous mediating experience facilitate the creation of partnerships, fostering brokerage. Conversely, interaction effects demote brokerage activity at the intra-cluster level, suggesting the selective nature of brokers’ relational behavior.
Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction in the Operation Stage of Cross Laminated Timber Residential Buildings in China
Authors: Guo Haibo , Liu Ying , Chang Wen-Shao , Shao Yu , Sun Cheng
Published: February 2017

This paper focused on energy consumption and carbon emission for heating and cooling during a building’s operation stage, and examined the energy effects of using Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) as an alternative building material to reinforced concrete (RC) in China’s 31 key cities located in different climate zones. The authors designed two seven-story residential buildings, which were constructed with RC framed and CLT systems, separately. This was followed by simulating the energy consumption using commercialized software IESTM under the different climate zones and calculating the carbon emissions. Comparisons were made between RC and CLT systems buildings on the basis of simulation data. The results show that the estimated energy consumption and carbon emission in CLT buildings are much lower than that of RC buildings in all studied cities, which indicates that CLT systems have good potential in reducing carbon emission and saving energy consumption compared to RC. The energy consumptions and carbon emissions in both concrete and CLT buildings are closely related to the climate zones. Buildings in Severe Cold and Cold Regions consumed the most energy and released more carbon. At the national level, the estimated energy consumption at the operation stage, in the studied building with RC frames and CLT system was approximately 465.1 MJ/m2 and 332.6 MJ/m2 per annum, respectively. Despite vast differences in China’s climate zones, the effects of energy saving and carbon reduction potentials of CLT buildings show little relationship to the climate zone. CLT buildings may result in a weighted 29.4% energy saving, which equals 24.6% carbon reductions, compared with RC buildings at the operation stage at national level, although it may vary in different climate zones.
A Conservation Approach of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS): Improving Traditional Agricultural Patterns and Promoting Scale-Production
Authors: Zhang Yongxun , Min Qingwen , Li Heyao , He Lulu , Zhang Canqiang , Yang Lun
Published: February 2017

Heritage conservation is an important recurring research theme on agricultural heritage systems. Improving the income of farmers from agriculture is regarded as an effective conservation approach. This study examined how the improved rice-fish-duck coculture (IRFDC) promotes the protection of the Honghe Hani Rice Terraced System (HHRTS) by keeping farmers farming in their hometowns. A semi-structural interview and a questionnaire survey were used to collect data on agricultural input–outputs and household employment in HHRTS. As a result, a fairly large proportion of HHRTS rice terraces were used for the hybrid rice monoculture (HRM) with chemical inputs, and most of these rice terraces were wasted for half a year on account of being left unused; the IRFDC requires considerable time input for farming and breeding, but barely needs any chemical inputs. IRFDC entails a higher cost than HRM, but also has a higher return than HRM. Driving a family to do full-time farming requires extra more than 0.71 ha rice terraces for IRFDC. In conclusion, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHSs) can be used for protecting terraces from abandonment and destruction by improving agricultural economic benefits for farmers. At present, a shortage of laborers in HHRTS sites is false. Agricultural heritage sites do not actual need so many people if peasant households can do large-scale farming.
A Helicopter View of the Special Issue on Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Vicinanza Diego , Buccino Mariano
Published: February 2017

This paper intends to provide the reader with an overview of the Special Issue on Wave Energy Converters. Through 16 contributions from authors of 10 different countries, a number of key topics have been tackled, including resource assessment, engineering design, and financial analysis. As a whole, the Special Issue forms an interesting and helpful compendium on the state of the art of wave energy extraction and exploitation.
Photographie du système socio-fiscal et de sa progressivité
Authors: Chanchole Marie , Lalanne Guy
Published: February 2017

Cette étude se propose de dresser un état des lieux aussi exhaustif que possible de la progressivité et de la redistributivité du système socio-fiscal français. Elle retient une définition large de la redistribution en appréhendant conjointement les prélèvements obligatoires et les prestations monétaires qu’ils financent en partie. Cette approche permet de montrer que le système pris dans son ensemble est progressif et redistributif, principalement du fait des prestations et, dans une moindre mesure, des impôts directs. La redistribution s’effectue du haut de la distribution des niveaux de vie vers le bas, en laissant le milieu inchangé. Enfin, le système socio-fiscal ne présente pas de sous-optimalité flagrante à l’aune de la théorie de la fiscalité optimale.
L’effet du RSA sur l’équilibre du marché du travail
Authors: Mikol Fanny , Rémy Véronique
Published: February 2017

Les effets de l’introduction du revenu de solidarité active (RSA) sur le marché du travail des travailleurs peu qualifiés sont analysés à l’aide d’un modèle d’appariement à la Pissarides. Ces derniers occupent des postes “ non expérimentés” rémunérés au salaire minimum ou “ expérimentés”, à temps plein ou partiel. La recherche des demandeurs d’emploi peut être orientée sur un seul type de poste, à temps complet ou partiel (temps partiel choisi) ou sur les deux types de poste (temps partiel subi). Le RSA accroît les gains tirés de l’emploi mais réduit le salaire négocié par les travailleurs expérimentés à temps partiel. Il augmente le niveau d’emploi et généralement, l’emploi expérimenté et à temps partiel, ainsi que la participation au marché du travail.
La congestion : une variable clé dans les modèles de choix de sites récréatifs
Authors: Leplat Mélody
Published: February 2017

Congestion : A Key Variable in Recreation-Site Choice Models.

The travel-cost method iswidely used to estimate the value of recreational sites and simulate the impact of public policies on welfare. Congestion is often excluded from the explanatory variables generally used in these analyses, thus leading to omission bias. Admittedly, introducing congestion in a model poses major econometric problems, because the variable is determined by a sorting Nash equilibrium and is potentially correlatedwith themodel’s error term. Severalmethods have recently been proposed to address these difficulties. We describe and illustrate the methods in a nested model of recreational choice. The treatment of congestion has a significant influence on our results.
Quels enseignements tirer de la première mondialisation (1870-1914) ?
Authors: Faubert Violaine
Published: February 2017

Cet article analyse les similarités entre la première mondialisation (1870-1914) et la mondialisation actuelle. Il relève des enseignements de politique économique de la première. Sur les marchés de capitaux, la forte intégration des pays avancés au XIXème siècle souligne l’intérêt de la stabilité des taux de change, que favorisait alors l’étalon or. Les crises financières de la première mondialisation rappellent le rôle stabilisateur de déficits courants limités et d’une dette essentiellement libellée en devise domestique. Sur le marché des biens, des leçons ont été tirées de l’absence de coordination des politiques commerciales caractéristique de la première mondialisation. La mise en place d’organisations internationales favorise l’ouverture progressive et la coordination des politiques commerciales des pays situés à des stades de développement différents.
Intégration commerciale internationale et évolution des prix à la consommation en Europe de 1998 à 2008
Authors: Montout Sylvie , de Rivas Clément , Sode Arthur
Published: February 2017

En incitant les différentes économies à se spécialiser dans les secteurs dans lesquels elles disposent d’avantages comparatifs, la mondialisation contribue à limiter la hausse des prix de nombreux biens. Les biens les plus échangés internationalement, hors énergie fossile, sont ceux qui sont les plus susceptibles de connaître une moindre inflation. Cet article cherche à identifier quels sont les pays européens qui ont le plus bénéficié de cette moindre inflation sur la période 1998-2008 et comment s’explique l’hétérogénéité des situations individuelles. Des facteurs comme le degré de pénétration des importations en provenance des pays émergents, le niveau initial des prix ou encore l’évolution de la réglementation du secteur de la distribution sont mis en avant pour expliquer ces différences d’évolution de prix.
Lobobunaea sangha, nouvelle espèce du bassin de la Sangha, Cameroun (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae)
Authors: Darge Philippe
Published: February 2017

Lobobunaea sangha, a new species from the Sangha river basin, Cameroon.

Description of Lobobunaea sangha, new species from South-East Cameroon and element of the Sangha dispersal center.
Crassula tillaea Lester-Garland (Crassulaceae) à Malleval (Loire)
Authors: Delaigue Régis
Published: February 2017

Crassula tillaea Lester-Garland a été découverte près du village de Mallevai (Loire, France), au pied du mont Pilat, non loin du Rhône, à 40 km au sud de Lyon. C'est la seule station de la région lyonnaise où la présence de cette espèce est actuellement certaine ; elle avait été signalée autrefois à Pont-de Vaux (Ain) et près de Chassagny (Rhône), mais il semble qu'elle n'y aurait pas été revue depuis longtemps.
Le Bois de Maillance (commune de Sermoyer, Ain)
Authors: Laclos Eric de
Published: February 2017

Le Bois de Maillance est une petite forêt inondable de la vallée de la Saône qui relève de l'Ulmo-Fraxinetum (Rameau et Schmitt, 1980). Le cadre physique, les contextes historiques et socio-économiques, les sols, la flore et la faune sont successivement décrits et analysés. Une liste reprend l'ensemble des captures de coléoptères ayant eu lieu à cet endroit. La forêt est ensuite comparée à d'autres forêts alluviales de la vallée de la Saône situées plus en amont, en Bourgogne. Le Bois de Maillance se distingue par son bon état de conservation qui est directement lié à la gestion forestière en taillis-sous-futaie. A partir de cet exemple particulier, des préconisations de gestion peuvent être proposées pour l'ensemble des forêts alluviales du même type.
Présence de Cacyreus marshalli Butler dans les départements du Rhône et de la Haute-Loire (Lepidoptera Lycaenidae)
Authors: Girod Christophe , Sauce René
Published: February 2017

Les observations de Cacyreus marshalli dans le Rhône et la Haute-Loire montrent que l'expansion de l'espèce vers le nord se poursuit.
Notes sur Solenosthedium bilunatum (Lefebvre, 1827) (Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)
Authors: Matocq Armand , Pluot-Sigwalt Dominique
Published: February 2017

Cette note mentionne, pour la première fois, la présence en France (Corse) de S. bilunatum. L'examen d'environ 80 spécimens de différentes provenances nous permet d'apporter quelques précisions sur cette espèce : variabilité morphologique, stades immatures, plantes-hôtes, distribution géographique.
Evolutionary Description of Giant Molecular Cloud Mass Functions on Galactic Disks
Authors: Kobayashi Masato I. N. , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Hasegawa Kenji
Published: February 2017

Recent radio observations show that giant molecular cloud (GMC) mass functions noticeably vary across galactic disks. High-resolution magnetohydrodynamics simulations show that multiple episodes of compression are required for creating a molecular cloud in the magnetized interstellar medium. In this article, we formulate the evolution equation for the GMC mass function to reproduce the observed profiles, for which multiple compressions are driven by a network of expanding shells due to H ii regions and supernova remnants. We introduce the cloud–cloud collision (CCC) terms in the evolution equation in contrast to previous work (Inutsuka et al.). The computed time evolution suggests that the GMC mass function slope is governed by the ratio of GMC formation timescale to its dispersal timescale, and that the CCC effect is limited only in the massive end of the mass function. In addition, we identify a gas resurrection channel that allows the gas dispersed by massive stars to regenerate GMC populations or to accrete onto pre-existing GMCs. Our results show that almost all of the dispersed gas contributes to the mass growth of pre-existing GMCs in arm regions whereas less than 60% contributes in inter-arm regions. Our results also predict that GMC mass functions have a single power-law exponent in the mass range <105.5

(where

represents the solar mass), which is well characterized by GMC self-growth and dispersal timescales. Measurement of the GMC mass function slope provides a powerful method to constrain those GMC timescales and the gas resurrecting factor in various environments across galactic disks.
Entre gestion des risques et gestion des flux : la détention avant jugement au Québec
Authors: Aubert Laura
Published: February 2017

À partir des résultats d’une recherche ethnographique portant sur les implications de la montée en puissance de la question du risque sur les décisions des juges québécois en matière de détention provisoire, cet article propose d’apporter un éclairage sur le fonctionnement concret du processus de cautionnement, sur les logiques décisionnelles qui s’y déploient et contribuent aux tendances à la hausse des placements en détention avant jugement. D’une part, il s’attache à montrer que ces placements relèvent moins d’une décision des juges que des pratiques respectives et croisées du ministère public et de la défense. D’autre part, il met en évidence que cet état de fait est tributaire du cadre dans lequel s’insèrent comparutions et enquêtes sur remise en liberté où les considérations en termes de gestion des flux exacerbent et même, dans certains cas, supplantent celles en termes de gestion des risques. Enfin, si l’existence d’un partage des tâches en matière décisionnelle et celle concomitante d’un mode de régulation des flux de prévenus en amont de l’office du juge sont présentées comme une nécessité fonctionnelle, elles posent néanmoins la question du rôle du juge à l’égard de pratiques dont la contribution à l’inflation du recours à la détention provisoire est certes indirecte mais déterminante.
Chemical and Mineralogical Composition Influence of Steelworks Dust on Agglomerate Quality
Authors: Toniţă Vasilica Viorica Corcoţoi , Vlad Maria , Severin Ilenuta , Berbecaru Andrei
Published: February 2017

From making steel process result dust and slurry that can be used as a secondary raw material in the composition stack of ferrous materials for the sintering process. Together with other raw materials rich in Fe, SiO2, CaO, this waste can be significant on quality ferrous agglomerate due to the useful elements contained.The paper presents the results of chemical and mineralogical analysis of steelworks dust and experimental research with a view to introduce dust in the sintering process to increase the quality of agglomerate.
Automatic Grain Size Determination in Microstructures Using Computer Vision Algorithm Based on Support Vector Machine (SVM)
Authors: Marin Florin Bogdan , Potecaşu Florentina , Marin Mihaela , Alexandru Petrică
Published: February 2017

The properties of materials are identified as the results of its microstructures characteristics. Consequently the task of analysis of microstructure is very important in engineering. There are several methods such as the visual inspection and the semi-automatic inspection by image analysis. Visual inspection by an operator is subject to human error and can take important time. The semiautomatic method using specific algorithm and technique improves performance of the work, however still needs specific knowledge concerning image filters and image analysis technique. This research’s objectives are to present automatic image analysis algorithm to measure grains in microstructure images.
Computer Vision Algorithm for Collision Detection in Case of Industrial Environment
Authors: Marin Florin Bogdan , Petrea Ionel , Deacu Madalin
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a computer vision algorithm for achieving fast collision detection. This paper presents a solution for a highly adaptable solution. The acquired depth images are used to calculate a possible collision with industrial machines. Using a robot model and marked cells on the floor any robot cinematic configurations can be checked for collisions with human detected in the workspace. The proposed approach is applicable to a variety of industrial applications where operators are under threat of accidents.
Microstructural Evolution in Ultrafine Grained FeMnSiCr Shape Memory Alloy Modules
Authors: Gurau Gheorghe , Gurau Carmela , Banu Mihaela , Bujoreanu Leandru Gheorghe
Published: February 2017

High speed high pressure torsion (HSHPT) processing technology, engineered to achieving (ultra) fine bulk metallic structure under high pressure (~ GPa) and torsion by applying supplementary elevated rotation speed of superior anvil. Coned-disk spring shape modules were processed from an as cast Fe-28Mn-6Si-5Cr (mass %) shape memory alloy (SMA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed that the structure of modules became submicron as an effect of HSHPT processing. After severe plastic deformation, a grain size gradient was obtained along the truncated cone generator, increasing from inner to outer areas, due to different deformation degrees in these zones. The mechanical and shape memory properties was performed in order to relate the structural changes caused by severe plastic deformation.
Surface Microhardness and Friction Coefficient of Epoxy Coating Modified with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Spanu Constantin , Panaite Viorel , Potecaşu Florentina , Alexandru Petrică , Mușat Viorica
Published: February 2017

Hybrid nanocomposite epoxy-based coatings containing ZrO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles (≤50nm) were deposited on Grade A naval steel substrates by dip-coating technique. The surface morphology and the mechanical properties of coated steel samples were analyzed by optical microscopy and CETR tribometer, respectively. The mechanical measurements showed that 1wt. % doping metal oxides nanoparticles significantly affect the mechanical behavior of coatings in terms of microhardness and friction coefficient. Best results were obtained in the case of Fe2O3 and ZrO2 doping, for which were obtained microhardness in the range of 90-120MPa and 142 MPa, respectively. Regarding the friction coefficient, values in the range of 0.02-0.08 were obtained
Mechanical Behaviour of Welded Joints Achieved by Multi-Wire Submerged Arc Welding
Authors: Scutelnicu Elena , Rusu Carmen  Catalina , Georgescu Bogdan , Mircea Octavian , Bormambet Melat
Published: February 2017

The paper addresses the development of advanced welding technologies with two and three solid wires for joining of HSLA API-5l X70 (High-strength low-alloy) steel plates with thickness of 19.1 mm. The experiments were performed using a multi-wire Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) system that was developed for welding of steels with solid, tubular and cold wires, in different combinations. The main goal of the research was to assess the mechanical performances of the welded joints achieved by multi-wire SAW technology and then to compare them with the single wire variant, as reference system. The welded samples were firstly subjected to NDT control by examinations with liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonic and gamma radiation, with the aim of detecting the specimens with flaws and afterwards to reconsider and redesign the corresponding Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS). The defect-free welded samples were subjected to tensile, Charpy V-notch impact and bending testing in order to analyse and report the mechanical behaviour of API-5l X70 steel during multi-wire SAW process. The experimental results were processed and comparatively discussed. The challenge of the investigation was to find the appropriate welding technology which responds simultaneously to the criteria of quality and productivity. Further research on metallurgical behaviour of the base material will be developed, in order to conclude the complete image of the SAW process effects and to understand how the multi-wire technologies affect the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the API-5L X70 steel used in pipelines fabrication.
Influence of the Iron Oxide Phases in Steam Oxidation on the Mechanical Properties and Abrasive Wear of Sintered Iron Materials
Authors: Potecaşu Florentina , Marin Mihaela , Potecaşu Octavian , Marin Florin Bogdan
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research work was to study the influence of the iron oxide phase resulted during steam oxidation of the sintered steels specimens obtained by powder metallurgy (P/M) route. Steam oxidation is a surface treatment applied to sintered iron parts, as an economic way to reduce the interconnected pores. In powder metallurgy products, the networks of pores are specific, who can be stress concentraions and can produce cracks in material. By steam oxidation treatment the interconnected porosity is closed by sealing them with iron oxides phases. Also, other properties of sintered PM steels are improved. The specimens analyzed in this paper were produced from atomised iron powders, compacted at room temperature at pressures of 600 MPa, sintered for 120 minutes at 1150o C in a laboratory furnace and then subjected to a continuous steam oxidation at 550o C for 60 minutes. Investigations on the structural, mechanical and abrasive wear properties were performed. The microstructure and the pore morphology of the sintered and steam oxidation samples were studied on using optical microscope.
Phytoremedial potentials of Ipomoea aquatica and Colocasia esculenta in soils contaminated with heavy metals through automobile painting, repairing and service centres
Authors: Mohotti A.J. , Geeganage K.T. , Mohotti K.M. , Ariyarathne M. , Karunaratne C.L.S.M. , Chandrajith R.
Published: February 2017

Heavy metal pollution is one of the biggest environmental issues at present. The study was conducted with the objectives of evaluation of soil contamination of heavy metals with Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cr and Fe by automobile repairing, painting and service centres in Kandy area, Sri Lanka, and the phytoremediation potential of using Ipomoea aquatica and Colocasia esculenta in such soils. Soil and plant samples from ten sites associated with these industries were analyzed for the Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cr and Fe concentrations and Bioconcentration (BCF) and the translocation factors (TF) were determined.The soils associated with these nutrients were highly contaminated with all the heavy metals studied and both plant species accumulated these heavy metals in different concentrations. The automobile repairing centres caused highest pollution by Cu, Mn and Cr, automobile painting centres caused highest pollution by Pb and Zn, and automobile service stations caused highest pollution by Cr and Fe. Fe concentration was the highest in contaminated soils. Heavy metals were accumulated in all plant parts, roots containing the highest concentrations. Considering the TF and BCF, I. aquatica was identified to be suitable for phytoextraction of Cu and Mn, while C. esculenta was found to be suitable for phytostabilization of Cu, Pb, Mn, Fe and Zn. Uncontrolled release of waste containing heavy metal pollutants, and consequences of I. aquatica and C. esculenta growing in such contaminated sites may cause heavy health hazards.
Assessment of genetic diversity of a representative sample of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) collected from four different districts of Sri Lanka using SSR markers
Authors: Wakista P.W. , Dissanayaka P.N. , Illeperuma R.J. , Perera S.A.C.N.
Published: February 2017

Genetic diversity of twenty finger millet germplasm accessions collected from four different districts of Sri Lanka and ex-situ conserved at Plant Genetic Resource Center, Gannoruwa was assessed using ten SSR markers. DNA was extracted from ten days old immature leaves of each finger millet accession and screened for the ten SSR markers. The PCR products were separated on 6% polyacrylamide gels and visualized by silver staining. The SSR data was analyzed using Power Marker v 3.0. The mean major allele frequency was 0.79 and average PIC value was 0.26 per marker. The number of scorable alleles produced per marker ranged from 1 to 6 with an average of 2.60. Frequency based shared allele distance matrix exhibited genetic distances among finger millet germplasm accessions and these distances varied from 0.06 to 0.70. Dendrogram constructed on the basis of SSR polymorphism revealed the pattern of genetic relatedness among the twenty finger millet germplasm accessions. The revealed genetic relationships can be used in finger millet germplasm conservation and utilization programs effectively.
Tirza: ’n Resensie
Authors: Vercuil Nelba
Published: February 2017

No abstract available.
Human Mechanical Impact Response Characteristics - Dynamic Response of the Human Abdomen
Authors:   Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This series of reports provides response characteristics of the head, face, neck, shoulder, thorax, lumbar spine, abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities. In each report, the descriptions of human impact response are based on data judged by the subcommittee to provide the most appropriate information for the development of human surrogates.
Measurement of Vehicle and Suspension Parameters for Directional Control Studies - Rationale
Authors:   Vehicle Dynamics Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Information Report presents the background and rationale for SAE J1574-1.

The motor vehicle industry is working toward a more complete understanding of the factors affecting the motions of vehicles on the roadway, by using a variety of techniques that predict responses to road and operator inputs. The capability to predict responses is desirable so that vehicles can be designed for optimum safety and utility. In addition to the force and moment properties of the pneumatic tires, a number of vehicle and suspension parameters affect the response of the vehicle; these include weight, center-of-gravity location, moments of inertia, suspension ride and roll rates, suspension kinematic and compliance properties, and shock absorber characteristics. These parameters must be quantified in order to predict vehicle responses.

Measurement of most of these parameters will be limited to determining their values in the linear range for use in directional control simulations. The limitation to linear range characteristics primarily reflects current measurement practice, to which SAE J1574-1 is directed. In the case of mass and inertia properties, this limitation clearly does not apply. For those to which it does apply, it is not felt to be a serious limitation since most of the measurement techniques can be extended beyond the linear range through appropriate increases in steering or suspension displacement or loading. Use of the measured parameters in simulations is assumed as the most frequent use. However, this does not seem to limit their use to simulations. Vehicle and suspension characteristics appropriate for simulation can equally well be used for vehicle and suspension characterization and comparison, suspension development and optimization, and processing of road test data.

As noted in SAE J1574-1, vehicles addressed will be limited to passenger cars, light trucks, and on-highway recreational and commercial vehicles with two or more axles of approximately the same wheel track. This excludes bicycles, motorcycles, tricycles, and vehicles intended primarily for off-highway use. This limitation is largely a recognition of the types of vehicles historically measured for ride and directional control simulation, since SAE J1574-1 has been written to document the current state-of-the-art rather than to expand it. Additionally, inclusion of these other vehicles might well require measurement of other chassis characteristics to properly simulate their dynamic characteristics. The measurement of these additional characteristics may not be supported by widespread experimental practice.
Parking Brake Control Identification - Vehicles with Hydraulic Brake Systems and Automatic Transmissions
Authors:   Truck and Bus Hydraulic Brake Committee
Published: February 2017

The scope and purpose of the SAE Recommended Practice is to provide standards for the control and indication of parking brakes in hydraulic braked vehicles over 4540 kg (10 000 lb) GVWR. This recommended practice pertains to automatic transmission applications and supplements the SAE J915 recommended practice. This recommended practice does not address parking brake system performance. Parking brake system performance, both static and dynamic conditions, is the responsibility of the OEM vehicle manufacturer or manufacturers that modify the vehicle by adding special vocational required equipment (such as but not limited to outriggers, cranes, etc.).
Development of Design and Engineering Recommendations for In-Vehicle Alphanumeric Messages
Authors:   Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI) Committee
Published: February 2017

This Information Report provides recommendations for alphanumeric messages that are supplied to the vehicle by external (e.g., RDS, satellite radio) or internal (e.g., infotainment system) sources while the vehicle is in-motion. Information/design recommendations contained in this report apply to OEM (embedded) and aftermarket systems.

Ergonomic issues with regard to display characteristics (e.g., viewing angle, brightness, contrast, font design, etc.) should review ISO 15008.
Motor Vehicle Seat Comfort Performance Measures
Authors:   Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Published: February 2017

These test procedures apply to complete seat systems (production seats or prototypes built at the intended manufacturing quality); however, the procedures can be modified for subsystem or component level testing.
Test Method for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomer Determination of Compressive Stress Relaxation (CSR) Response
Authors:   Committee on Automotive Rubber Specs
Published: February 2017

The scope of this document is to define a test method for performing the Compression Stress Relaxation (CSR) Test with the Automotive Standard (ASD) CSR Jig using the appropriate test fixtures, configurations and procedures. This standard defines the equipment needed, guidelines for running the test, and the format for generating the results and analyzing the data.
Recommended Practice for Determining Material Properties of Li-Battery Separator
Authors:   Battery Materials Testing Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE RP provides a set of test methods and practices for the characterization of the properties of Li-battery separator.

The test methods in this RP have been grouped into one of three categories:

1

Manufacturing parameters: Minimum set of separator properties to be measured

2

Chemistry/Customer specific parameters: Properties that are dependent on the application, customer needs and/or requirements, manufacturing process etc. This RP will include the current best practice methodologies for these tests, with an understanding that the best practice methodologies are evolving as more information is learned.

3

R&D parameters: Properties that are dependent on the application, customer needs and/or requirements, manufacturing process etc. The methodologies in this 3rd section are under development and have not yet achieved broad application.

It is not within the scope of this document to establish criteria for the test results, as this is usually established between the vendor and customer.