bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Research of New Media Jet Aeration Scheme in a Loop Bioreactor Producing Microbiological Products
Authors: Yaroshevsky Vladislav , Krutyakova Valentyna , Belchenko Volodymyr , Ivanovs Semjons , Bulgakov Volodymyr
Published: August 2021

Jet aeration loop reactors are widely used in the chemical industry due to their high mixing intensity, possibility of significant saturation of medium with gases, and simplicity of scaling the processes when passing from laboratory equipment to industrial designs. However, to ensure the necessary amount of air in standard jet aeration schemes with ejectors, high pressure of the medium (up to 6 bars) is required in the reactor loop. This paper presents a newly developed scheme of jet aeration, based on mixing the pressure flows of medium and air supplied to the ejector by individual blowers. Experiment results of the new water aeration scheme showed that, for the formation of suspended matter in the ejector with an air content of 2–20 l per 1 l of water, a pressure of 0.3 bar in the reactor loop at an air pressure of 1 bar is sufficient. This allows usage of low-pressure pump and compressor, which form the basis for the energy consumption reduction and creates prerequisites for lowering the shear loads on a crop. The medium aeration rate during experiments was 0.220–0.266 vvm. It was found that, for each mode of joint operation of pump and compressor, it is possible to maintain a constant aeration rate, which is not significantly affected by the flowrate regulation of medium in loop.
Duplex Anti-Corrosion Protection of Steel Using a Combination of Hot-Dip Galvanising and Water-Soluble Paints
Authors: Lozrt Jaroslav , Votava Jiří , Šmak Radim
Published: August 2021

The goal of this paper is an evaluation of research aimed at corrosion and mechanical resistance of the so-called duplex system applied to a steel sheet. This system consists of a metal coating applied by hot-dip galvanising, to which an acrylic, water-soluble paint is commonly applied (commonly available on the Czech market) using standard technology in an air stream. For the purposes of the corrosion resistance comparison, one set of test specimens is provided only with a hot-dip galvanised coating. The mechanical resistance of applied anti-corrosion protection was determined by means of a pull-off adhesion test (according to the ČSN EN ISO 4624 standard), as well as an indentation test (according to the ČSN EN ISO 1520 standard). The corrosion resistance tests were then conducted in a salt spray environment (according to the ČSN EN ISO 9227 standard) for the samples not damaged by mechanical tests. Based on the obtained results, in general, waterborne paints with high dry matter content, low specific gravity and high zinc phosphate content, which are applied in several thinner layers, can be recommended.
Effect of Basil Seed and Xanthan Gums Coating on Colour and Surface Change Kinetics of Peach Slices During Infrared Drying
Authors: Salehi Fakhreddin , Satorabi Maryam
Published: August 2021

The article presented conducts the research of infrared radiation power effect on the colour and surface changes of peach slices coated with basil seeds gum (BSG) and xanthan gum during drying. The colour indices include redness (a*), yellowness (b*), lightness (L*), and total colour difference (∆E), which were used for the purposes of colour change calculation. As the IR radiation power increased from 150 W to 375 W, the average values of L*, a* and b* of uncoated and coated peach slices decreased from 67.45 to 65.41; 7.95 to 5.89; and 49.21 to 38.52, respectively. The lowest ∆E and surface change values were observed in peach samples coated with BSG. The modelling results showed that the MMF model was the best model to describe the total colour difference of uncoated and coated peach slices (the average correlation coefficient was equal to 0.991 and the average standard error was equal to 1.791). The surface area change (%) of uncoated and coated peach slices increased with the progression of drying time, but the rate of changes was lower for the coated peach slices with BSG. The current research indicated that BSG coating has the potential to improve surface colour and appearance quality of dried peach slices.
A low-cost subsurface drainage technique to enhance gully bank stability in the sub-humid highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Zegeye Assefa D. , Fentahun Misganew , Alemie Tilashwork C. , Amare Tadele
Published: August 2021

Gully erosion is the leading cause of elevated sediment yields in the world. Few low-cost techniques are available for rehabilitating gullies. The objective of this research was to evaluate the applicability of a low-cost horizontal sub-surface drainage system for decreasing gully erosion by stabilizing gully banks. The study was conducted in the sub-humid Ethiopian highlands in two active gullies, one in a Vertisol and another in a Nitisol. One bank was drained with a plastic pipe, and the other bank acted as the control. The two opposite banks are hydrologically isolated from one another. The surrounding groundwater tables were continuously monitored for two years. Over two wet seasons, the average bank retreat in the Vertisol gully was 0.62 m for the control and 0.15 m for the drained bank. Similarly, in the Nitisol gully, in 1.1 m for the control and 0.29 m for the drained bank. The average groundwater table of the drained bank was 20% lower than the non-drained banks during the monitoring periods. These results suggest that bank dewatering maintained higher levels of stability of gully banks and promoted lower rates of bank retreat on both soil types. The initial cost of the dewatering treatments was significantly less than the conventional bank stabilization measures. Bank dewatering could be one of the technologies for gully rehabilitation. Gully management techniques in Ethiopia and elsewhere could benefit from integrating bank drainage with other physical and biological protective measures.
Fractographic Study of Marine Diesel Engine Connecting Rod Stud Bolt Crack
Authors: Carjova K. , Priednieks V. , Klaucans R. , Irbe I. , Urbahs A.
Published: August 2021

Failures of marine diesel engine components can lead to serious consequences for a vessel, cargo and the people on board a ship. These consequences can be financial losses, delay in delivery time or a threat to safety of the people on board. This is why it is necessary to learn about connecting rod bolt failures in order to prevent worst-case scenarios.

This paper aims at determining the origin, velocity and the duration of fatigue crack development of a diesel alternator engine which suffered a significant failure of one of its mains, not long after a major overhaul had been completed and with less than 1000 running hours having elapsed.

It was verified with fatigue rupture of one of the four connecting rod stud bolts. Tensile tests were performed in the remaining connecting rod bolts. During this procedure, another fatigue crack in an adjacent bolt was identified. The probable root case of damage, and at the end some final remarks are presented.
Development of Methodology for Characterization of Surface Roughness of Solid Metallic Surfaces Using Oil Slippage Method
Authors: Ohijeagbon I. O. , Adeleke A. A. , Ikubanni P. P. , Orhadahwe T. A. , Adebayo G. E. , Adekunle A. S. , Omotosho A. O.
Published: August 2021

The study employed the phenomenon of friction between liquid droplets and solid metallic surfaces in surface roughness analysis of engineering materials. Five samples of mild steel plate were prepared to different degrees of surface roughness by facing operation. The sample surfaces were analysed to determine the roughness parameters (mean roughness, root mean square roughness, roughness skewness, and roughness kurtosis) and friction coefficient of the surfaces. Oil droplet sliding velocity was determined using the oil slippage test. The friction coefficient of the surfaces increased with increasing roughness parameter which varied from 26.334 µm at friction coefficient = 0.63 to 13.153 µm at friction coefficient = 0.46. The results from oil slippage test showed that the sliding velocity of the oil drop decreased as the friction coefficient of samples increased. At an inclination angle of 30°, sliding velocity varied from 0.51 cm/s at friction coefficient = 0.63 to 0.92 cm/s at friction coefficient = 0.46. Some of the samples exhibited a deviation in the trend of relationship between friction coefficient and sliding velocity which resulted from the variation in peak height of roughness between the sample surfaces. Oil slippage method predicts the surface behaviours of materials based on their surface parameters.
Existence and multiplicity results for a Steklov problem involving (p(x), q(x))-Laplacian operator
Authors: Karim Belhadj , Lakhdi A. , Ammi M. R. Sidi , Zerouali A.
Published: August 2021

In this work, we are concerned with a generalized Steklov problem with (p(x), q(x))-Laplacian operator. Under some appropriate conditions on the data involved in the elliptic problem, we prove the existence of at least three solutions using Ricceri’s three critical points theorem.
On some results on interpolative Kannan-type and CRR-type contractions.
Authors: Amri Amnay El , Foutayeni Youssef El , Marhrani Late El Miloudi
Published: August 2021

Recently, Karapinar, Aydi and De Hierro introduced the notions of interpolative Kannan-type contractions and interpolative CRR-type contractions and proved that they possess a fixed point when the space is complete. In this paper, we show that the existence of fixed points for interpolative Kannan-type and CRR-type contractions remains true for a metric space which is not necessarily complete and we give a more precise result concerning the behaviour of Picard sequences of arbitrary initial point. We also study some particular classes of interpolative Kannan-type and CRR-type contractions.
The Influence of Technological Peculiarities on Fermented Sausages’ Quality and Sensory Properties
Authors: Gramatina Ilze , Sauka Janis , Semjonovs Aleksandrs , Strode Sintija , Straumite Evita
Published: August 2021

Fermentation is one of the ancient technological processes used in food production which influences the shelf-life of meat and meat products, also significantly affects the sensory properties like aroma and flavour. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the elaborated technology for a new fermented sausage production on the product quality and sensory properties. Sausages were produced by the standard technology using glucono-delta-lactone or starter culture. The drying of samples differs from 3 to 4 weeks at the same conditions; samples were dried for 4 weeks which produced with the starter culture, and 3 weeks which produced with glucono-delta-lactone. The sausages were tested at the end of the production, analysing pH, water activity, moisture and salt content, as well as the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, colony forming units of Listeria monocytogenes and Enterobacteriaceae in the sausage samples were analysed. The sensory evaluation was organised after getting Listeria monocytogenes testing results.

The moisture content, water activity and salt content significantly differed (p < 0.05) among samples, no differences were established in pH, taste and flavour liking. The presence of Listeria monocytogenes was not established in samples which indicates that the producer properly applies a hurdle technology in fermented sausage production.

Sensory evaluation results showed higher scores for texture and appearance in fermented sausages with glucono-delta-lactone. The study results confirmed that fermented sausages with glucono-delta-lactone during 3 weeks of drying can achieve corresponding safety criteria and sensory properties which are set for semidry fermented sausages.
The Efficiency of Different Wood Coatings against Water Surface Absorption
Authors: Iejavs Jānis , Ruļuks Oskars , Laiveniece Laura , Jakovļevs Vilnis , Pugovičs Kārlis , Liše Sigita , Spulle Uldis
Published: August 2021

In the market of the Latvia different wood surface coating materials suitable for use in outdoor conditions are offered, but available information on the efficiency of these against direct water exposure is insufficient. For structural timber building elements, such as glued laminated timber (GLT), the surface coating should be applied taking into account technological, visual or colour changes (ISO 7724:1984) and – last, but not least – economic aspects are considered. Wood surfaces coated with coating materials, such as varnishes, paints, etc. can stabilize some properties such as movement of moisture content, dimensional changes and attack by microorganisms and fungi. The changes in the moisture content of timber may influence such important parameters as mechanical properties and the total life time of the structural timber elements. A study has been conducted with the aim of assessing the efficiency of coating materials used for wood protection against water absorption. In this study, six different commercial coating products used for the treatment of spruce (Picea Abies L. Karst.) and pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.) samples were tested. The efficiency of different coating substances was assessed using two modified test methods according to the standards EN 382-2 (1994) and EN 927-5 (2006), determining the surface water absorption after immersion in water for 24 h and the dynamics of water absorption of the glued laminated timber for 696 h kept in water. As a result of the study, it has been ascertained that organic solvent-based commercial coating products are more efficient against short-term and long-term wood water absorption compared to oil-based coating materials.
Project Valuation and Risk Assessment in Food Product Development: Evidence from Fuzzy Real Option Valuation
Authors: Pilvere Irina , Silovs Mihails , Ozolins Janis , Nipers Aleksejs , Dmitrijeva Olga
Published: August 2021

To survive in today's competitive environment, companies must continuously develop and offer customers new products. To increase the probability of a successful business case of investing in the development of a new product, careful attention must be paid to risk analysis in terms of the present value of future potential income. The article considers an example of the research work of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, in the framework of which a technical and technological project was developed to produce a new product, like Mediterranean anchovy, from cheaper Baltic sprats. The main goal of this work is to explore the application multi-factor sensitivity and fuzzy real option analysis to the valuation of new product development project.

The multivariate analysis of the sensitivity of the financial model of the greenfield production project described in this article revealed the main risk groups, as well as their degree of influence on the assessment of the Net Present Value of the project by a potential investor. The use of Fuzzy Real Option Valuation made it possible to evaluate the project with uncertain parameters, as well as to calculate the potential upside from preliminary refinement of parameters to eliminate negative scenarios.

The described approach is applicable to risk assessment of new food product development and allows investors to make a more informed decision about participation in such projects.
Resilience of Milk Supply Chains during and after the COVID-19 Crisis in Latvia
Authors: Pilvere Irina , Upite Ilze , Muska Aina , Zdanovskis Kristaps , Nipers Aleksejs , Janmere Lana
Published: August 2021

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on national economies are characterized as the worst economic turmoil in recent years, as economic growth slowed to the level of the 2008 global financial crisis. At the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020, economic growth surveys did not project that the novel virus could have a negative impact on economic growth. As a result of the rapid spread of the virus and the increase in the number of infection cases, national governments took strict measures to limit the spread of the virus, which led to a significant deterioration in the economic situation in all industries of the economy. Agriculture plays an important role in providing food to the country’s population, yet the pandemic made a negative impact on sales volumes and prices in the domestic and international markets. The research aims to assess the impacts of the pandemic on milk supply chains in Latvia and come up with solutions to stabilizing the situation in the dairy sector. The national restrictions to combat the pandemic also hampered the dairy sector concerning the sale of raw milk and finished products in foreign markets, thereby leading to overproduction and stockpiling of the finished products, price dumping and a significant decrease in milk purchase prices to or below the production cost level for many dairy farms. Although there is no indication that the pandemic would lead to a decrease in the numbers of livestock and farms or output in early 2021, it is too early to assess the overall impact of the pandemic on dairy farming, as uncertainty over the duration of pandemic restrictions is a major risk to farm survival. The operation of the dairy sector was stabilized by means of the support provided by the government, as well as the farms’ accumulated financial and feed resources. In order to identify future challenges for milk supply chains, the research performed an analysis of operational risks for milk producers and processors to identify the most important risks and design recommendations for their elimination. The longer there is uncertainty about the return of the dairy sector to pre-pandemic output levels, the more likely it is that the pandemic is going to lead to a decrease in the numbers of dairy livestock and farms.
State Decoupling Audit of Low-Carbon Agricultural Production
Authors: Datsii Oleksandr , Levchenko Nataliia , Shyshkanova Ganna , Dmytrenko Ruslan , Abuselidze George
Published: August 2021

It is stated that the strategic benchmark for transformational changes in the economy is currently low-carbon production, the achievement of which is possible to provide with the consistent application of an arsenal of strict control measures, in particular, the introduction of state audit of low-carbon production. The effectiveness of the mechanism for ensuring the implementation of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change has been assessed. The necessity of implementation in the domestic practice of the state audit of low-carbon production by the decoupling approach is proved. The agri-business portfolio has been formed according to the decoupling approach as one of the leaders in greenhouse gas pollution. The author's economic and mathematical models of estimation according to the decoupling approach of the impact of branches of crop and livestock production on environmental pollution are proposed. The dependence of greenhouse gas emissions on the volume of gross output of agricultural production, capital investment and current expenditures on environmental protection has been established. The results of a comparative analysis of the realism of forecasts of changes in greenhouse gas emissions according to the methodology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the author's methodology are highlighted. A roadmap for the introduction of a state low-carbon decoupling audit of the state decoupling audit has been proposed as part of the preparation of the second nationally determined contribution to the Paris Agreement. The expediency of supplementing GRI 300 “Environmental Disclosures” with the group of indicators GRI-305.5 “Reduction of GHG emissions”, formed by the decoupling approach, is substantiated.
Usefulness of the CPTU method in evaluating shear modulus G0
changes in the subsoil
Authors: Młynarek Zbigniew , Wierzbicki Jędrzej , Lunne Tom
Published: August 2021

This article contains the analysis of the correlation between the cone resistance qc
from CPTU tests and shear modulus G0
determined from seismic tests SDMT and SCPTU. The analysis was performed for sands located in Poland, characterised by differential grain size distribution and origin. The significant impact of the independent variables; grain size, preconsolidation stress σ’p
, geostatic vertical stress σ’v0
and relative density index on the dependencies analysed, were examined in three stages. Firstly, a general relationship between the cone resistance and shear modulus G0
was established; in the second stage, an analysis was carried out in selected groups of subsoil; and in the third stage, the influence of other independent variables was taken into account. In each stage, the functional form of the dependency was determined, and their statistical significance was assessed throughout coefficient of determination R2. For more variables, multivariable regression analysis was applied for assessment. Conducted analysis showed that the overall view of the relation between the cone resistance qc
and shear modulus G0
has low evaluation of the statistical significance. This fact is consistent with the theoretical assessment of this relationship. To obtain a satisfactory assessment of this dependency, it is necessary to construct empirical equations for individual groups of soil, taking into account other independent variables; preconsolidation stress σ’p
, vertical stress σ’vo
and relative density index. This approach allows to assess the local correlation relationship, which is very useful during the geological project.
The vegetation of the forest-alpine transition in the Grunningsdalen area, Telemark, S. Norway.
Authors: Økland R. H. , Bendiksen E.
Published: August 2021

This study is divided into two parts. The general part contains a review of theories of the nature of vegetation. It is concluded that present evidence points in the direction of species individuality and vegetational continuum as responses to continuous environmental gradients, on a regional, and mostly also on a local scale. Accordingly, a gradient approach to classification of the forest and alpine vegetation of the investigated area was designed as an alternative to traditional phytosociological classification. The importance of the concept of corresponding vegetation types in different regions is stressed. It is argued that four environmental gradients explain the major variation in Southern Norwegian forest and alpine vegetation. In the special part, the vegetation of the Grunningsdalen area is treated. Two gradients, the vertical gradient and the complex-gradient topographic moisture snow cover, are considered sufficient to explain the major variation in forest and alpine vegetation in the area. The vegetation is classified into 16 site-types by division of the gradients into four zones (according to altitude) and four series (according to moisture - snow cover) by means of floristic criteria known to reflect particular ecological conditions. For each of the site-types a description of the vegetation and an extensive comparison with corresponding Fennoscandian vegetation is given. On the basis of results from the present study area regional variation in Southern Norwegian poor vegetation corresponding to the xeric, subxeric, and submesic series, and phytosociological classification in the forestalpine transition are discussed. Various numerical classification and ordination methods are used in an analysis of the floristic composition of the site-types and the autecology of the species. The main phytosociological gradient in the investigated vegetation runs from dry and high altitude to wet and low altitude, most closely approaching the moisture gradient. Diversity relations are discussed. It is strongly emphasized that a hierarchic system is unable to give a consistent classification of a vegetation that must be regarded as a multidimensional network of variation along environmental gradients. Viewed in the light of the results of this study, a gradient approach to classification seems most suitable for a variety of Fennoscandian ecosystems.
Distribution of bryophytes on Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, the Canary Islands.
Authors: Malme L.
Published: August 2021

Forty mosses and twenty-six hepatics are reported for the first time from Fuerteventura, and fifteen mosses and nine hepatics are reported for the first time from Lanzarote, among them Gigaspermum mouretii Corb. which is new to Macaronesia. All taxa recorded so far are listed and their distribution outlined. Distribution maps are given for some of the more common species. The zonation of bryophytes is considered, and a survey of their phytogeographical affinities is given. some ecological factors are discussed, and it is suggested that the bryophyte flora of these two islands is primarily restricted by climatic factors.
A phytoecological study of the mire Northern Kisselbergmosen, SE. Norway. I. Introduction, flora, vegetation and ecological conditions.
Authors: Økland R.H.
Published: August 2021

A part of the mire complex N. Kisselbergmosen, termed the special area, is subjected to a detailed investigation of hydrotopography, species distributions, and ecological conditions. Species occurrences and distributions are related to four main complex-gradients; (1) the mire expanse - mire margin gradient, (2) the nutrient gradient, (3) the gradient in depth to the water table, and (4) a peat productivity gradient. The former two are termed broad-scale, the latter fine-scale gradients.

A hydrotopographical mapping was made, including establishment of a detailed map of mire features and subfeatures, and construction of a map showing the topography of the water table. Two or three synsegments and seven catchments make up the special area. Broad-scale distributions of species were mapped in a contiguous 4x4 m grid, resulting in a classification of species to nine D-groups. Six zones reflecting variation along gradients ( 1) and (2) were discerned. The concepts of mineral soil water limit and fen plant limit were discussed by reference to hydrotopography, species distributions, and chemical composition of peat along transects.

Fine-scale patterns were studied by use of 800 randomly placed plots, analyzed with respect to vegetational composition and provided with measurements of depth to the water table. Fluctuations of depth to the water table in the period 1980-82 was related to climate. Particular emphasis was put on studying parameters of the cumulative distribution functions of depth to the water table; between-year variation, interdependence, and estimation from few observations. Species were classified to seven W-groups according to relationships with the water table, and five series were considered along this gradient. The vegetation was classified into 32 site-types by a reticulate division of the ecological space spanned by the four gradients. These site-types were described by use of 654 randomly and 765 subjectively selected plots. The site-types were compared to main types of other works, and successional relationships of site-types were inferred from observed transitions and ecological measurements. Mechanisms responsible for vegetational variation along the four gradients are thoroughly discussed.
Some corticolous and lignicolous Pyrenomycetes s. lat. (Ascomycetes) on Salix in Troms, N Norway
Authors: Mathiassen G.
Published: August 2021

A total of 29 pyrenomycetous species on Salix in Troms, N Norway are treated. Two new species are described: Herpotrichiella collapsa G. Mathiassen and Lophiotrema boreale G. Mathiassen. A new combination is proposed: Platystomwn curtwn (Fr.) G. Mathiassen. New to Scandinavia is Glyphiwn schizosporwn. Nine species are new to Norway: Anthostomella melanotes, Keissleriella cladophila, Lophiostoma quadrinucleatwn, Lophiotrema nucula, Melanomma fuscidulwn, Platystomwn curtwn, Rebentischia massalongii, Rhynchostoma minutwn and Saccardoella transsylvanica. Eleven species are new to Troms: Amphisphaerella xylostei, Berlesiella nigerrima, Chaetosphaeria pomiformis, Cryptodiaporthe salicella, Diatrype bullata, Enchnoa infernalis, Hysterographiwn elongatwn, Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops, Leptosphaeria hendersoniae, Lophiostoma macrostomoides and Platystomwn compresswn. The remaining six species have previously been reported from Troms: Arthropyrenia lapponina, Bertia moriformis var. moriformis, Cryptosphaeria subcutanea, Hypoxylon macrosporwn, H. mammatwn and Melanomma pulvis-pyrius.

A dichotomous key is followed by descriptions of the species in alphabetic order. The ecology and systematics of the different species are discussed, and some difficult genera are commented upon. Comments are given on the ecology and distribution of the different Salix species in Troms.
The genus Nemania s.l. (Xylariaceae) in Norden
Authors: Granmo A. , Læssøe T. , Schumacher T.
Published: August 2021

A taxonomic study of Nemania Gray, Entoleuca Syd. and Euepixylon Füisting (= Nemania s.l.; Xylariaceae) was carried out for the Nordic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. No species of Nemania have been found in the remaining Norden: Iceland and the Faeroes. Fourteen species of Nemania s. str. were found in the area: Nemania aenea, N. aureolutea comb. n., N. atropurpurea, N. carbonacea, N. chestersii, N. colliculosa comb. n., N. con.fluens, N. diffusa, N. effusa, N. prava n. sp., N. reticulata comb. n., N. serpens, and two unknown species (Nemania spp. A and B) not formally described because of scanty material. In addition the two split-outs fromNemania, Entoleuca mammata andEuepixylon udum, are treated. A dichotomous key has been prepared and the species are reviewed alphabetically with comments on taxonomy, ecology and chorology. All species have been drawn, photographed and mapped.

In addition to conventional taxonomic procedures, a selection of species from Nemania s.l., Biscogniauxia and Hypoxylon were subjected to an ITS nrDNA sequencing study. This study supported the delimitation of taxa as defined in this work, and confirms Nemani a as different from Hypoxylon and Biscogniauxia.

Four EuropeanNemania taxa are still unknown in Norden: Nemania gwyneddii (Whalley, R.L. Edwards & S.M. Francis) Pouzar, N. illita (Schwein.) Pouzar, Nemania serpens (Pers.: Fr.) Gray var. macrospora (J.H. Mill.) Pouzar. The fourth taxon, Hypoxylon terricola J.H. Mill. certainly also belongs to Nemania.
Corticolous macrolichens of low montane rainforests and moist woodlands of eastern Tanzania
Authors: Krog H.
Published: August 2021

A total of 224 species of corticolous macro lichens are recorded from low montane rainforests and moist woodlands in the West Usambara Mountains, the Nguru Mountains, the Uzungwa Mountains, thePoroto Mountains, and theRungwevolcano in eastern Tanzania. Local distribution data are provided. The new species Hypotrachyna olivetorica Krog, Parmotrema iringense Krog, and Ramalina dissimilis Krog are described. Heterodermia dissecta, H. jragi/issima, Parmelinopsis expallida, and Phyllopsora kiiensis are reported as new to Africa.

Cetrariastrum ajricanum, Pannaria santessonii, Parmotrema degelianum, P.fragilescens, P. hicksii, P. iringense, P. laciniatulum, Ramalina dissimilis, R. pocsii, and Usnea antiqua are at present known only from eastern Tanzania. Some of them may possibly belong to an endemic element in the montane lichen flora of the country.

Hypotrachyna olivetorica, Lobaria holstiana, Phyllopsora africana, P. dolichospora, and P. mauritiana are known only from eastern Tanzania and the Mascarenes.
РЕФОРМАЦІЙНА ДОКТРИНА І ПОЛІТИЧНІ ЦІННОСТІ: ІСТОРИКО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКИЙ АНАЛІЗ (на прикладі історії пізнього протестантизму в Україні)
Authors: ГРУШЕВА Тетяна , СПИС Ольга
Published: August 2021

Мета дослідження – на прикладі історії пізнього протестантизму в Україні визначити особливості політичної етики в реформаційній доктрині. Методологія дослідження спирається на методи: загальнонаукові (аналітичний, синтетичний, парадигмальний, холістичний); загальноісторичні (системно-хронологічний, історико-порівняльний); та соціологічний (контент-аналіз). Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що вперше в новітній українській історіографії і філософській науці зроблена спроба комплексного аналізу впливу зовнішніх чинників на політичну етику протестантів на прикладі історії протестантизму в Україні ХХ – початку ХХІ ст. Висновки. Реформаційна доктрина була сформована 500 років тому. За цей період вона пройшла випробування часом. Дослідивши окрему складову доктрини – політичну етику, автори статті дійшли висновку, що її ключові тези були сформовані в період раннього протестантизму і залишаються незмінними до сьогодні. Виразні специфічності є реакцією на історичні умови існування та проявом етноконфесійних відмінностей. Прикладом слугує буття протестантів у радянській Україні. Посилаючись на біблійну тезу “всяка влада від Бога”, протестанти сприйняли всі гасла радянської влади. На своїх з’їздах вони висловили бажання навіть проходити службу в армії. Згодом, коли атеїстичний експеримент в УРСР набрав обертів і представники богоборчої влади вдалися до репресій, віруючі намагалися використати різні стратегії виживання в суспільстві з панівним ворожим світоглядом: від наполегливих вимог реєстрації громад до оголошення сидячих страйків і намагання емігрувати в “будь-яку несоціалістичну країну”. Так, християни дійшли висновку, що та влада від Бога, яка слугує добрій справі. Протестанти в сучасній Україні повільно включилися до політичного життя. Християни віри євангельської найбільш виразно демонструють солідарність із суспільними настроями (участь в Помаранчевій революції, Революції Гідності, капеланському служінні). У сучасному протестантському середовищі піддається сумніву сліпе підпорядкування будь-якій владі, вносяться зміни в пацифістські настрої, виникають передумови до зародження соціально-політичного богослов’я. Особливою цінністю для нього є категорії правди, свободи і відповідальності (що є проявом етноконфесійних відмінностей), а позакультове служіння організоване із дотриманням ортодоксії та ортопраксії.
The Influence of Community Leaders on the Criminal Justice System of Gender-based Violence in West Africa: A Case Study of Nigeria and Ghana
Authors: Adelakun Olanike S
Published: August 2021

Gender-based violence (GBV) continues to be a global phenomenon. Though many African countries have taken legislative steps to criminalise various acts that constitute GBV, the effectiveness of which has been challenged and documented. Many victims/survivors seek informal communal justice that is appropriate and acceptable in their specific communities. This article examines community-based justice approaches in the criminal justice system of GBV crimes in West Africa, specifically in Nigeria and Ghana. While Nigeria is a purely patrilineal society, Ghana is a hybrid of both patrilineal and matrilineal societies. The article examines the influence of matrilineal culture on community justice regarding GBV crimes in Ghana. It examines the effectiveness of these approaches in identifying and punishing offenders as well as ensuring justice and closure for survivors as compared to formal justice in the prosecution of GBV offenders and the protection of survivors. The qualitative socio-legal method was adopted to conduct a desktop literature review as well as to collect fresh data by way of interviews. It was found that community-based justice is gaining popularity owing to several factors, including the slow process of formal justice dispensation, corruption and high rates of case attrition. Suggestions for reforms of the formal criminal justice system to gain a balance with the community systems of criminal justice in Nigeria and Ghana are made.
The Artist’s Diary as a Portrait of Time: About the Diaries of M. Matyushin and K. Somov
Authors: Lvov K. V.
Published: August 2021

The essay discusses the diaries of Russian artists of the first third of the 20 th century as a source for a study of their lives and opinions. The diaries of Mikhail Matyushin (1911–1934) and Konstantin Somov (1917–1927) were selected as examples. The author shows different techniques of keeping a diary. Matyushin’s diary is a creative laboratory of an artist and mentor. Somov’s almost daily entries represent a chronicle of his life. His experience is also related to his emigration to Paris. Both diaries were not to be published. Therefore, one can interpret them in terms of a “sincere and frank reports.” Overall, these autobiographical writings allow understand their creative impulses and their idea of artistic creativity as such. They also uncover the circles of their relationships, their preferences and dislikes.
Development and Progress of a Collaborative Learning Model for Quality Improvement in the Field of Palliative Care in India
Authors: Vallath Nandini , De Natale Michelle , Lorenz Karl A , Bhatnagar Sushma , Mickelsen Jake
Published: August 2021

Quality is central to healthcare and even more so in the field of palliative care. Palliative care approach is centered around discovering facets of care crucial to improving the quality of life of the patient; be it symptom control, emotional concerns, impact on social roles or reviving the sense of spiritual connectedness. Although there are essential and desirable standards for quality of services, the journey taken by a service, toward quality improvement (QI), is often complex and uncharted. It is up to individual service units to strive toward improvement and reach higher levels of quality. Evidence suggests using a structured methodology for successful improvement in healthcare quality, as most problems are complex and multifaceted. This article introduces the concept and application of QI methodology in the field of palliative care in India and provides an overview of the first cohort of QI projects, facilitated through an international collaborative. The sequence of training, the tools, and the key ingredients for success are enumerated.
Evaluating the Need for Integrated Pediatric Palliative Care Services in a Pediatric Oncology Setting: A Retrospective Audit
Authors: Bhat K Vasudeva , Rao Krithika S , Vijayasekharan Kalasekhar , Venkatagiri Archana Mevalegire , Ashwini S , Singhai Pankaj , Rao Seema Rajesh , Gupta Mayank , Salins Naveen
Published: August 2021

Objectives:

Early integrated palliative care has shown to improve the quality of life in patients with cancer. During the past decade, pediatric palliative care has become an established area of medical expertise, however due to scant information available regarding the triggers for referral and referral practice very few children receive a formal palliative care consult.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective audit of medical case records of pediatric oncology patients over a period of 1 year from September 30, 2019, to September 30, 2020, was conducted. Demographic details, diagnosis, staging, clinical parameters, reason for referral, and palliative care plan were captured in a predesigned pro forma.

Results:

Among 126 children with cancer, 27 (21.4%) patients were referred to palliative care. Majority 21 (77%) referrals were inpatient consults. Symptom management 17 (44.7%) was the most common trigger for referral followed by referrals for psychosocial support 12 (14.4%). Children with solid tumors 16 (59%) were more often referred than hematological malignancies. Among those needing end of life care, 8 (88.8%) out of 9 families preferred home than hospital.

Conclusion:

Low incidence of palliative care referral and presence of symptoms as a trigger for palliative care referral suggests gaps in the integrated approach. The study findings prompt a review of palliative care referral criteria and referral practice in a pediatric oncology setting.
El saldo a favor del impuesto a la renta y la compensación – límites
Authors: Gallardo Quiroz Marisela
Published: August 2021

La autora, a través de este ensayo, pretende exponer acerca del Crédito Tributario, explicando su relación con el Impuesto Valor Agregado y, sobre todo, con el concepto de saldo a favor del impuesto a la renta y su compensación. De este modo, se menciona el peso de la declaración del deudor y de la participación de la Administración Tributaria en este proceso.
¿Por qué cambió la legislación aduanera en el Perú?
Authors: La Noire Núñez José Antonio
Published: August 2021

El autor a través de este artículo pretende poner en conocimiento al lector sobre la reforma aduanera producida en el Perú durante los años 2015-2020. Dicha reforma significó, por un lado, una mejora en nuestra legislación nacional al regular la Administración Aduanera de manera más eficiente a todos los Operadores de Comercio Exterior y, por otro lado, una modernización en el servicio aduanero brindado al aplicar sistemas de gestión de calidad y seguridad que permitan gestionar despachos aduaneros de manera más ágil y simplificada, asegurar la trazabilidad completa de la carga y reducir costos finales.
Aproximación semiótica a la noción de consumo radial
Authors: Bendezú Untiveros Raúl
Published: August 2021

El título de este artículo alude al consumo, no a la recepción. Esta alude a una dimensión pragmática e intersubjetiva; aquél a una dimensión económica y a cuestiones de mercado y valor. La comunicación es hoy un bien económico supeditado a un sistema de oferta y demanda, a la vez que un bien con un valor simbólico gracias al cual ingresa al universo de representaciones y usos simbólicos que hace una sociedad, otorgándole así su valiosidad y su objetualidad. Podemos pensar que consumir un bien económico fungible, como consumir la radio como medio de comunicación, son actividades que conducen a concepciones arraigadas en nuestra sensorialidad y en nuestra vivencia.
Las políticas de radio en el Perú de los ochenta: primera aproximación
Authors: Perla-Anaya José , Armas Castañeda Segundo
Published: August 2021

La intención del presente artículo no es exponer un trabajo definitivo y general sobre el tema de las políticas de radio en el Perú, sino realizar una primera aproximación a esta materia centrándola en el decenio de los ochenta.
La construcción sostenible en Latinoamérica
Authors: Flores Percy
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo expone el estado actual y los avances que ha tenido la construcción sostenible en Latinoamérica; además, muestra diversas formas de contribuir a la sostenibilidad desde la arquitectura, ya sea desde criterios de diseño hasta investigaciones que aporten al tema. El objetivo es promover la importancia de una construcción sostenible, digna y eficiente para la sociedad, frente a los desafíos del cambio climático.
ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF THE CITY ENVIRONMENT BY POPULATIONS OF THE CITY TVER
Authors: Богданова Лидия Петровна , Глушкова Мария Андреевна
Published: August 2021

Исследование посвящено проблеме интегральной оценки качества городской среды. Рассматривается сравнительная оценка качества городской среды жителями Твери на основе разработанного и проведенного социологического опроса.

The study is devoted to the problem of integral assessment of the quality of the urban environment. The article considers a comparative assessment of the quality of the urban environment by the residents of Tver on the basis of a developed and conducted sociological survey.
ON DYNAMICS OF ECOLOGICAL TOURISTS QUANTITY IN THE USA AND RUSSIA
Authors: Дорофеев Александр Александрович
Published: August 2021

Обсуждается определение «экотуризма» и модель его развития в России. Показана динамика развития сети ООПТ в России и структура федеральных ООПТ США. Рассмотрены количественные характеристики инфраструктуры экотуризма. Проанализирована динамика туристских прибытий в национальные парки США и России за период 2001-2020 годы. Названы основные проблемы учета экологических туристов в России.

The article discusses the definition of «ecotourism» and the model of its development in Russia. EPNT net and its development in Russia is shown as well as the structure of the USA federal EPNT. Quantitative characteristics of ecotourism infrastructure are presented. The analysis of dynamics of tourist arrivals to national parks of the USA and Russia during 2001-2020 is given. The main problems of registration of ecological tourists in Rissia are named.
ASSESSMENT OF A CITY CENTRALITY BASED ON CONNECTION CURVATURE COEFFICIENT
Authors: Преображенский Юрий Владимирович
Published: August 2021

Положение города в системе «центр-периферия» во многом определяется его транспортно-географическим положением. Последнее является одной из наиболее значимых составляющих экономико-географического положения и определяет динамику социально-экономического развития города. В настоящем исследовании оценивается центральность городов некоторых регионов России на основе применения коэффициента кривизны сообщения. Такой коэффициент рассчитывается как сумма частных расстояния по дороге и напрямую между городами. Чем меньше итоговое значение коэффициента - тем более выгодное (центральное) положение занимает город по отношению к другим городам региона. Нами показано, что первый город (крупнейший по людности и, как правило, административный центр региона) обладает наименьшим (т.е. лучшим) значением показателя рассчитанного коэффициента.

The position of the city in the «center-periphery» system is largely determined by its transport and geographical location. The latter is one of the most significant components of the economic and geographical position and determines the dynamics of the socio-economic development of the city. This study evaluates the centrality of cities in some regions of Russia based on the application of the connection curvature coefficient. This ratio is calculated as the sum of the private distances by road and directly between cities. The lower the final value of the coefficient, the more favorable (central) position the city occupies in relation to other cities in the region. We have shown that the first city (the largest in terms of population and, as a rule, the administrative center of the region) has the smallest (that is, the best) value of the indicator of the calculated coefficient.
DEVELOPMENT OF A DIDACTIC SYNQUWINE FOR BACHELORS IN THE DIRECTION OF TOURISM
Authors: Яковлева Светлана Ивановна
Published: August 2021

Актуальность темы исследования связана с тем, что при изучении отдельных тем, которые имеют широкую информационную и текстовую базу, у студентов возникают проблемы с обобщением и кратким изложением изучаемого материала. Нами предложен метод активного обучения - дидактический синквейн, который позволяет свести описание сложных вопросов всего в 5 описательных строчек. Показан пример разработки синквейна для изучения темы в курсе «Управление качеством услуг в туризме» (бакалавры направление «Туризм», 4 курс).

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that when studying individual topics that have a wide information and textual base, students have problems with summarizing the material being studied and its brief presentation. We have proposed a method of active learning - didactic syncwine, which allows you to reduce the description of difficult questions in just 5 descriptive lines. An example of the development of syncwine for studying a topic in the course «Quality management of services in tourism» (bachelor's degree «Tourism», 4th year) is shown.
The tombs and Moon temple of Hureidha (Hadhramaut)
Authors: Caton Thompson G.
Published: August 2021

This work describes excavations conducted by Gertrude Caton-Thompson at the site of Hureidha in the Wadi ‘Amd in eastern Yemen. Early chapters outline evidence of the earliest human occupation in the Hadhramaut and relicts of ancient irrigation in Wadi ‘Amd. Excavations of a small temple and farmstead at Hureidha are then outlined, followed by a description of several cave tombs in neighbouring valley cliffs. Specialist reports describe the pottery and other objects recovered, as well as inscriptions found in the temple and on portable objects.