bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Batalin–Vilkovisky Algebra in the String Topology of Classifying Spaces
Authors: Kuribayashi Katsuhiko , Menichi Luc
Published: May 2018

For almost any compact connected Lie group$G$and any field$\mathbb{F}_{p}$, we compute the Batalin–Vilkovisky algebra$H^{\star +\text{dim}\,G}(\text{LBG};\mathbb{F}_{p})$on the loop cohomology of the classifying space introduced by Chataur and the second author. In particular, if$p$is odd or$p=0$, this Batalin–Vilkovisky algebra is isomorphic to the Hochschild cohomology$HH^{\star }(H_{\star }(G),H_{\star }(G))$. Over$\mathbb{F}_{2}$, such an isomorphism of Batalin–Vilkovisky algebras does not hold when$G=\text{SO}(3)$or$G=G_{2}$. Our elaborate considerations on the signs in string topology of the classifying spaces give rise to a general theorem on graded homological conformal field theory.
On a phase field approximation of the planar Steiner problem: Existence, regularity, and asymptotic of minimizers
Authors: Bonnivard Matthieu , Lemenant Antoine , Millot Vincent
Published: May 2018

In this article, we consider and analyse a variant of a functional originally introduced in [9, 27] to approximate the (geometric) planar Steiner problem. This functional depends on a small parameter

\epsilon > 0

and resembles the (scalar) Ginzburg–Landau functional from phase transitions. In a first part, we prove existence and regularity of minimizers for this functional. Then we provide a detailed analysis of their behavior as

\epsilon \to 0

, showing in particular that sublevel sets Hausdorff converge to optimal Steiner sets. Applications to the average distance problem and optimal compliance are also discussed.
The Verigin problem with and without phase transition
Authors: Prüss Jan , Simonett Gieri
Published: May 2018

Isothermal compressible two-phase flows with and without phase transition are modeled, employing Darcy’s and/or Forchheimer’s law for the velocity field. It is shown that the resulting systems are thermodynamically consistent in the sense that the available energy is a strict Lyapunov functional. In both cases, the equilibria are identified and their thermodynamical stability is investigated by means of a variational approach. It is shown that the problems are well-posed in an

L_p

-setting and generate local semiflows in the proper state manifolds. It is further shown that a non-degenerate equilibrium is dynamically stable in the natural state manifold if and only if it is thermodynamically stable. Finally, it is shown that a solution which does not develop singularities exists globally and converges to an equilibrium in the state manifold.
Oxycodone is safe and effective for general anesthesia
Authors: Wirz, PhD, MD Stefan , Ellerkmann, PhD, MD Richard K. , Soehle, PhD, MD Martin , Wirtz, MD Christian-Dieter
Published: May 2018

Purpose: In clinical practice, using different opioid analgesics is common during the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia and for postoperative analgesia. However, if the opioid analgesic could be limited to a single drug, we hypothesized that the risk of adverse drug interactions could be reduced, with fewer adverse effects. We examined the use of oxycodone as a single opioid in a well-defined cohort of orthopedic patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methods: In this retrolective, monocentric investigation, we reviewed data from 83 patients who underwent general anesthesia and received intravenous oxycodone as the sole analgesic (0.075 mg/kg during induction and 0.05 mg/kg during maintenance). The use of oxycodone during general anesthesia and the postoperative pain scores were recorded. Safety was evaluated by the measurement of hemodynamic changes (blood pressure, heart rate), the detection of pathologic changes in the electrocardiogram, changes of the peripheral oxygen saturation, and by the assessment of adverse effects.Results: There was no significant change in peripheral oxygen saturation or the electrocardiogram during or while recovering from general anesthesia. Heart rate changed only slightly from reversal to recovery (73.3/min versus 78.3/min, p < 0.05) and from prior intubation to recovery (72.5/min versus 78.3/min, p < 0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure did not change significantly from the time points “after intubation” to “after incision,” and “during recovery.” Fifty-nine percent (n = 49) of patients’ records revealed pain scores with a maximum of 3 on a numeric rating scale (NRS) of 0 to10 during the postoperative period. In 45 percent of patients (n = 37), further analgesics such as acetaminophen, dipyrone, or additional doses of oxycodone were used. No severe adverse events were recorded. According to data from 93 percent of patients (n = 77), nausea scores were less than 3 on a NRS of 0 to 10.Conclusion: Oxycodone can be used as the sole opioid in orthopedic surgery with good intra- and postoperative efficacy and safety; ie, without clinically relevant changes in hemodynamic and respiratory parameters.
Key drivers of ozone change and its radiative forcing over the 21st century
Authors: Iglesias-Suarez Fernando , Kinnison Douglas E. , Rap Alexandru , Maycock Amanda C. , Wild Oliver , Young Paul J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Over the 21st century changes in both tropospheric and
stratospheric ozone are likely to have important consequences for the Earth's
radiative balance. In this study, we investigate the radiative forcing from
future ozone changes using the Community Earth System Model (CESM1), with
the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), and including fully
coupled radiation and chemistry schemes. Using year 2100 conditions from the
Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, we quantify the
individual contributions to ozone radiative forcing of (1) climate change,
(2) reduced concentrations of ozone depleting substances (ODSs), and
(3) methane increases. We calculate future ozone radiative forcings and their
standard error (SE; associated with inter-annual variability of ozone) relative to
year 2000 of (1) 33 ± 104 m Wm−2,
(2) 163 ± 109 m Wm−2, and (3) 238 ± 113 m Wm−2 due
to climate change, ODSs, and methane, respectively. Our best estimate of net
ozone forcing in this set of simulations is 430 ± 130 m Wm−2
relative to year 2000 and 760 ± 230 m Wm−2 relative to year
1750, with the 95 % confidence interval given by ±30 %. We find
that the overall long-term tropospheric ozone forcing from methane
chemistry–climate feedbacks related to OH and methane lifetime is relatively
small (46 m Wm−2). Ozone radiative forcing associated with climate
change and stratospheric ozone recovery are robust with regard to background
climate conditions, even though the ozone response is sensitive to both
changes in atmospheric composition and climate. Changes in
stratospheric-produced ozone account for ∼ 50 % of the overall
radiative forcing for the 2000–2100 period in this set of simulations,
highlighting the key role of the stratosphere in determining future ozone
radiative forcing.
Global climate forcing driven by altered BVOC fluxes from 1990–2010 land cover change in maritime Southeast Asia
Authors: Harper Kandice L. , Unger Nadine
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Over the period 1990–2010, maritime Southeast Asia experienced large-scale land cover changes, including expansion of high-isoprene-emitting oil palm plantations and contraction of low-isoprene-emitting natural forests. The ModelE2-Yale Interactive Terrestrial Biosphere global chemistry–climate model is used to quantify the atmospheric composition changes and, for the first time, the associated radiative forcing induced by the land-cover-change-driven biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission changes (+6.5 TgC y−1 isoprene, −0.5 TgC y−1 monoterpenes). Regionally, surface-level ozone concentrations largely decreased (−3.8 to +0.8 ppbv). The tropical land cover changes occurred in a region of strong convective transport, providing a mechanism for the BVOC perturbations to affect the composition of the upper troposphere. Enhanced concentrations of isoprene and its degradation products are simulated in the upper troposphere, and, on a global-mean basis, land cover change had a stronger impact on ozone in the upper troposphere (+0.6 ppbv) than in the lower troposphere (
Detection of carbon monoxide pollution from cities and wildfires on regional and urban scales: the benefit of CO column retrievals from SCIAMACHY 2.3 µm measurements under cloudy conditions
Authors: Borsdorff Tobias , Andrasec Josip , aan de Brugh Joost , Hu Haili , Aben Ilse , Landgraf Jochen
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In the perspective of the upcoming TROPOMI Sentinel-5 Precursor carbon monoxide data product, we discuss the benefit of using CO total column retrievals from cloud-contaminated SCIAMACHY 2.3 µm shortwave infrared spectra to detect atmospheric CO enhancements on regional and urban scales due to emissions from cities and wildfires. The study uses the operational Sentinel-5 Precursor algorithm SICOR, which infers the vertically integrated CO column together with effective cloud parameters. We investigate its capability to detect localized CO enhancements distinguishing between clear-sky observations and observations with low (<  1.5 km) and medium–high clouds (1.5–5 km). As an example, we analyse CO enhancements over the cities Paris, Los Angeles and Tehran as well as the wildfire events in Mexico–Guatemala 2005 and Alaska–Canada 2004. The CO average of the SCIAMACHY full-mission data set of clear-sky observations can detect weak CO enhancements of less than 10 ppb due to air pollution in these cities. For low-cloud conditions, the CO data product performs similarly well. For medium–high clouds, the observations show a reduced CO signal both over Tehran and Los Angeles, while for Paris no significant CO enhancement can be detected. This indicates that information about the vertical distribution of CO can be obtained from the SCIAMACHY measurements. Moreover, for the Mexico–Guatemala fires, the low-cloud CO data captures a strong outflow of CO over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean and so provides complementary information to clear-sky retrievals, which can only be obtained over land. For both burning events, enhanced CO values are even detectable with medium–high-cloud retrievals, confirming a distinct vertical extension of the pollution. The larger number of additional measurements, and hence the better spatial coverage, significantly improve the detection of wildfire pollution using both the clear-sky and cloudy CO retrievals. Due to the improved instrument performance of the TROPOMI instrument with respect to its precursor SCIAMACHY, the upcoming Sentinel-5 Precursor CO data product will allow improved detection of CO emissions and their vertical extension over cities and fires, making new research applications possible.
Reducing representativeness and sampling errors in radio occultation–radiosonde comparisons
Authors: Gilpin Shay , Rieckh Therese , Anthes Richard
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Radio occultation (RO) and radiosonde (RS) comparisons provide a means of
analyzing errors associated with both observational systems. Since RO and RS
observations are not taken at the exact same time or location, temporal and
spatial sampling errors resulting from atmospheric variability can be
significant and inhibit error analysis of the observational systems. In
addition, the vertical resolutions of RO and RS profiles vary and vertical
representativeness errors may also affect the comparison. In RO–RS
comparisons, RO observations are co-located with RS profiles within a fixed
time window and distance, i.e. within 3–6 h and circles of radii
ranging between 100 and 500 km. In this study, we first show that
vertical filtering of RO and RS profiles to a common vertical resolution
reduces representativeness errors. We then test two methods of reducing
horizontal sampling errors during RO–RS comparisons: restricting co-location
pairs to within ellipses oriented along the direction of wind flow rather
than circles and applying a spatial–temporal sampling correction based on
model data. Using data from 2011 to 2014, we compare RO and RS differences
at four GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) RS stations in different
climatic locations, in which co-location pairs were constrained to a large
circle (∼ 666 km radius), small circle
(∼ 300 km radius), and ellipse parallel to the wind
direction (∼ 666 km semi-major axis,
∼ 133 km semi-minor axis). We also apply a spatial–temporal
sampling correction using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
Interim Reanalysis (ERA-Interim) gridded data. Restricting co-locations to
within the ellipse reduces root mean square (RMS) refractivity, temperature,
and water vapor pressure differences relative to RMS differences within the
large circle and produces differences that are comparable to or less than
the RMS differences within circles of similar area. Applying the sampling
correction shows the most significant reduction in RMS differences, such that
RMS differences are nearly identical to the sampling correction regardless
of the geometric constraints. We conclude that implementing the
spatial–temporal sampling correction using a reliable model will most
effectively reduce sampling errors during RO–RS comparisons; however, if a
reliable model is not available, restricting spatial comparisons to within an
ellipse parallel to the wind flow will reduce sampling errors caused by
horizontal atmospheric variability.
Automatic tuning of the Community Atmospheric Model CAM5.3 by using short-term hindcasts with an improved downhill simplex optimization method
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Minghua , Lin Yanluan , Xue Wei , Lin Wuyin , Yu Haiyang , He Juanxiong , Xin Xiaoge , Ma Hsi-Yen , Xie Shaochen , Zheng Weimin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Traditional trial-and-error tuning of uncertain parameters in global atmospheric General Circulation Models (GCM) is time consuming and subjective. This study explores the feasibility of automatic optimization of GCM parameters for fast physics by using short-term hindcasts. An automatic workflow is described and applied to the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM5) to optimize several parameters in its cloud and convective parameterizations. We show that the auto-optimization leads to 10 % reduction of the overall bias in CAM5, which is already a well calibrated model, based on a pre-defined metric that includes precipitation, temperature, humidity, and longwave/shortwave cloud forcing. The computational cost of the entire optimization procedure is about equivalent to about a single 12-year atmospheric model simulation. The tuning reduces the large underestimation in the CAM5 longwave cloud forcing by decreasing the threshold relative humidity and the sedimentation velocity of ice crystals in the cloud schemes; it reduces the overestimation of precipitation by increasing the adjustment time in the convection scheme. The physical processes behind the tuned model performance for each targeted field are discussed. Limitations of the automatic tuning are described, including the slight deterioration in some targeted fields that reflect the structural errors of the model. It is pointed out that automatic tuning can be a viable supplement to process-oriented model evaluations and improvement.
Assessment of seawater intrusion using multivariate statistical, hydrochemical and geophysical techniques in coastal aquifer, Cha-am district, Thailand
Authors: Sae-Ju Jiraporn , Chotpantarat Srilert , Thitimakorn Thanop
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Seawater intrusion in coastal areas is one of the important environmental problems, causing negative impact on groundwater resources in the future. To assess and mitigate the seawater intrusion, the affected aquifers need to be characterized. By integrating geophysical investigation and multivariate statistical analysis of the hydrochemical data, seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers in this area could be evaluated. The study conducted 80 locations of the vertical electrical sounding (VES) survey; then selected 47 VES to create four pseudo cross-section lines in a west-east direction, running perpendicular to the coast in Cha-Am district, Thailand, which is negatively affected by this problem. The geophysical results were described together with the hydrochemical analysis of 57 groundwater samples. The results revealed that seawater intrusion occurred in the Qcl aquifer with an average depth of 50–60 meters and presented more obviously near the coastal line. The resistivity value of <5 Ωm represented highly contaminated areas impacted by seawater intrusion while the range between 5–10 Ωm represented moderately contaminated areas. According to the hydrochemical characteristics, groundwater can be divided into three groups according to the level of impact of seawater intrusion: Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3-Cl (slightly impacted), Ca-Na-HCO3-Cl (moderately impacted), and Na-Cl (highly impacted). The area had a low resistivity value, corresponding to the high value of electrical conductivity (EC), and the hydrochemical facies was generally Na-Cl. The hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFED) revealed that most of the samples fell close to the mixing line, demonstrating mixing between seawater and fresh water and that some samples fell in the intrusion phase. According to multivariate statistical analysis, the finding was in agreement with the HFED. There are three main processes: seawater intrusion, natural groundwater recharge, and finally hydro-geochemical interaction. Finally, the findings in this study demonstrated that the levels of seawater intrusion could be classified into three zones depending on the degree of seawater intrusion. Furthermore, the northern part of the study area faced seawater intrusion with a relatively higher impact than other areas, and seawater laterally intruded about eight kilometers inland.
Drainage area characterization for evaluating green infrastructure using the Storm Water Management Model
Authors: Lee Joong Gwang , Nietch Christopher T. , Panguluri Srinivas
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Urban stormwater runoff quantity and quality are strongly dependent upon catchment properties. Models are used to simulate the runoff characteristics, but the output from a stormwater management model is dependent on how the catchment area is subdivided and represented as spatial elements. For green infrastructure modeling, we suggest a discretization method that distinguishes directly connected impervious area (DCIA) from the total impervious area (TIA). Pervious buffers, which receive runoff from upgradient impervious areas should also be identified as a separate subset of the entire pervious area (PA). This separation provides an improved model representation of the runoff process. With these criteria in mind, an approach to spatial discretization for projects using the US Environmental Protection Agency's Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is demonstrated for the Shayler Crossing watershed (SHC), a well-monitored, residential suburban area occupying 100 ha, east of Cincinnati, Ohio. The model relies on a highly resolved spatial database of urban land cover, stormwater drainage features, and topography. To verify the spatial discretization approach, a hypothetical analysis was conducted. Six different representations of a common urbanscape that discharges runoff to a single storm inlet were evaluated with eight 24 h synthetic storms. This analysis allowed us to select a discretization scheme that balances complexity in model setup with presumed accuracy of the output with respect to the most complex discretization option considered. The balanced approach delineates directly and indirectly connected impervious areas (ICIA), buffering pervious area (BPA) receiving impervious runoff, and the other pervious area within a SWMM subcatchment. It performed well at the watershed scale with minimal calibration effort (Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient  = 0.852; R2 = 0.871). The approach accommodates the distribution of runoff contributions from different spatial components and flow pathways that would impact green infrastructure performance. A developed SWMM model using the discretization approach is calibrated by adjusting parameters per land cover component, instead of per subcatchment and, therefore, can be applied to relatively large watersheds if the land cover components are relatively homogeneous and/or categorized appropriately in the GIS that supports the model parameterization. Finally, with a few model adjustments, we show how the simulated stream hydrograph can be separated into the relative contributions from different land cover types and subsurface sources, adding insight to the potential effectiveness of planned green infrastructure scenarios at the watershed scale.
Multi-model ensembles for assessment of flood losses and associated uncertainty
Authors: Figueiredo Rui , Schröter Kai , Weiss-Motz Alexander , Martina Mario L. V. , Kreibich Heidi
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Flood loss modelling is a crucial part of risk assessments. However, it is subject to large uncertainty that is often neglected. Most models available in the literature are deterministic, providing only single point estimates of flood loss, and large disparities tend to exist among them. Adopting any one such model in a risk assessment context is likely to lead to inaccurate loss estimates and sub-optimal decision-making. In this paper, we propose the use of multi-model ensembles to address these issues. This approach, which has been applied successfully in other scientific fields, is based on the combination of different model outputs with the aim of improving the skill and usefulness of predictions. We first propose a model rating framework to support ensemble construction, based on a probability tree of model properties, which establishes relative degrees of belief between candidate models. Using 20 flood loss models in two test cases, we then construct numerous multi-model ensembles, based both on the rating framework and on a stochastic method, differing in terms of participating members, ensemble size and model weights. We evaluate the performance of ensemble means, as well as their probabilistic skill and reliability. Our results demonstrate that well-designed multi-model ensembles represent a pragmatic approach to consistently obtain more accurate flood loss estimates and reliable probability distributions of model uncertainty.
Feature-based data assimilation in geophysics
Authors: Morzfeld Matthias , Adams Jesse , Lunderman Spencer , Orozco Rafael
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Many applications in science require that computational models and data be
combined. In a Bayesian framework, this is usually done by defining
likelihoods based on the mismatch of model outputs and data. However,
matching model outputs and data in this way can be unnecessary or impossible.
For example, using large amounts of steady state data is unnecessary because
these data are redundant. It is numerically difficult to assimilate data in
chaotic systems. It is often impossible to assimilate data of a complex
system into a low-dimensional model. As a specific example, consider a
low-dimensional stochastic model for the dipole of the Earth's magnetic
field, while other field components are ignored in the model. The above
issues can be addressed by selecting features of the data, and defining
likelihoods based on the features, rather than by the usual mismatch of model
output and data. Our goal is to contribute to a fundamental understanding of
such a feature-based approach that allows us to assimilate selected aspects
of data into models. We also explain how the feature-based approach can be
interpreted as a method for reducing an effective dimension and derive new
noise models, based on perturbed observations, that lead to computationally
efficient solutions. Numerical implementations of our ideas are illustrated
in four examples.
Simulating the roles of crevasse routing of surface water and basal friction on the surge evolution of Basin 3, Austfonna ice cap
Authors: Gong Yongmei , Zwinger Thomas , Åström Jan , Altena Bas , Schellenberger Thomas , Gladstone Rupert , Moore John C.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The marine-terminating outlet in Basin 3, Austfonna ice cap, has been
accelerating since the mid-1990s. Stepwise multi-annual acceleration
associated with seasonal summer speed-up events was observed before the
outlet entered the basin-wide surge in autumn 2012. We used multiple
numerical models to explore hydrologic activation mechanisms for the surge
behaviour. A continuum ice dynamic model was used to invert basal friction
coefficient distributions using the control method and observed surface
velocity data between April 2012 and July 2014. This has provided input to
a discrete element model capable of simulating individual crevasses, with the
aim of finding locations where meltwater entered the glacier during the summer and
reached the bed. The possible flow paths of surface meltwater reaching the
glacier bed as well as those of meltwater produced at the bed were calculated
according to the gradient of the hydraulic potential. The inverted friction coefficients show the “unplugging” of the stagnant ice
front and expansion of low-friction regions before the surge reached its
peak velocity in January 2013. Crevasse distribution reflects
the basal friction pattern to a high
degree. The meltwater reaches the bed through
the crevasses located above the margins of the subglacial valley and the
basal melt that is generated mainly by frictional heating flows either to
the fast-flowing units or potentially accumulates in an overdeepened
region. Based on these results, the mechanisms facilitated by basal meltwater
production, crevasse opening and the routing of meltwater to the bed are discussed for the surge in
Basin 3.
Observations and simulations of the seasonal evolution of snowpack cold content and its relation to snowmelt and the snowpack energy budget
Authors: Jennings Keith S. , Kittel Timothy G. F. , Molotch Noah P.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Cold
content is a measure of a snowpack's energy deficit and is a linear function
of snowpack mass and temperature. Positive energy fluxes into a snowpack must
first satisfy the remaining energy deficit before snowmelt runoff begins,
making cold content a key component of the snowpack energy budget.
Nevertheless, uncertainty surrounds cold content development and its
relationship to snowmelt, likely because of a lack of direct observations.
This work clarifies the controls exerted by air temperature, precipitation,
and negative energy fluxes on cold content development and quantifies the
relationship between cold content and snowmelt timing and rate at daily to
seasonal timescales. The analysis presented herein leverages a unique
long-term snow pit record along with validated output from the SNOWPACK model
forced with 23 water years (1991–2013) of quality controlled, infilled
hourly meteorological data from an alpine and subalpine site in the Colorado
Rocky Mountains. The results indicated that precipitation exerted the primary
control on cold content development at our two sites with snowfall
responsible for 84.4 and 73.0 % of simulated daily gains in the alpine
and subalpine, respectively. A negative surface energy balance – primarily
driven by sublimation and longwave radiation emission from the snowpack –
during days without snowfall provided a secondary pathway for cold content
development, and was responsible for the remaining 15.6 and 27.0 % of
cold content additions. Non-zero cold content values were associated with
reduced snowmelt rates and delayed snowmelt onset at daily to sub-seasonal
timescales, while peak cold content magnitude had no significant relationship
to seasonal snowmelt timing. These results suggest that the information
provided by cold content observations and/or simulations is most relevant to
snowmelt processes at shorter timescales, and may help water resource
managers to better predict melt onset and rate.
Os comitês de bacias hidrográficas e o gerenciamento integrado na Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos
Authors: Mesquita Luis Fabio Gonçalves
Published: May 2018

A Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos estabelece que a gestão hídrica no Brasil deve ser integrada e descentralizada com a participação do poder público, da sociedade civil e dos usuários de cada bacia. Nesse sentido, a política hídrica instituiu os Comitês de Bacia Hidrográfica, a fim de aproximar a tomada de decisão das comunidades locais. Contudo, estudos empíricos têm indicado que esse novo modelo de gestão é comprometido por interesses políticos, econômicos e por fragilidades administrativas. Os objetivos desse texto são (I) identificar e analisar os fatores que comprometem a participação dos membros dos comitês de bacia – utilizando o Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica dos Afluentes do Rio Preto do Distrito Federal como estudo de caso; e (II) fazer uma abordagem crítica do gerenciamento integrado dos recursos hídricos. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados envolveram a pesquisa bibliográfica, com revisão da literatura pertinente à descentralização, à participação, à gestão, à integração dos recursos hídricos, a análise documental das atas do Comitê de Bacia Hidrográfica dos Afluentes do Rio Preto e, por fim, entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os membros do referido comitê. Foram identificados aspectos que comprometem a participação e a representatividade nos comitês, bem como o funcionamento dessas instituições. Também, foram evidenciadas as dificuldades de implementar o gerenciamento integrado dos recursos hídricos. Assim, concluiu-se que, para alcançar a sustentabilidade na gestão hídrica, existem algumas condições necessárias: a inclusão da discussão científica e tecnológica de caráter multidisciplinar; a equidade de poder e a colaboração entre os diferentes atores no processo de tomada de decisão.
Juventude e mundos-da-vida: a luta por direitos à participação, à sustentabilidade e ao meio ambiente
Authors: Sander Cristiane , Roesler Marli Renate von Borstel
Published: May 2018

O Estatuto da Juventude (Lei nº 12.852/2013) vem assegurar os direitos fundamentais dos jovens, como educação, saúde, cultura e trabalho. Porém, também assegura novos direitos, como o direito à participação social, ao território, à livre orientação sexual, à sustentabilidade e ao meio ambiente. Pretende-se, no presente artigo, tematizar os direitos à participação e ao meio ambiente enquanto direitos fundamentais dos jovens e os desafios que estes apresentam na atuação do Serviço Social e áreas interdisciplinares. Destaca-se, para tanto, a importância dos espaços nos quais os jovens possam participar e desenvolver formas adequadas e compatíveis com os fundamentos da ecologia política.
Libertar para desenvolver: os grandes empreendimentos e o “des-envolvimento” na comunidade tradicional do Cumbe, Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Anderlany Aragão , Da Silva Amanda Stefanie Sérgio , Rozendo Cimone
Published: May 2018

A privação das liberdades limita as escolhas e as oportunidades das pessoas, segundo Amartya Sen. Assim, a eliminação dessas privações constitui o meio de garantir o exercício do papel de agente dos indivíduos, tornando a liberdade o principal fim do desenvolvimento. A liberdade, nessa concepção, está condicionada à melhoria da alimentação, à atuação política e ao acesso à saúde, à educação e ao saneamento. Desse modo, este artigo objetivou investigar que liberdades são potencializadas, ou limitadas, com a instalação de empreendimentos eólicos e de carcinicultura em uma comunidade tradicional, quilombola e pesqueira, situada no nordeste brasileiro: a Comunidade do Cumbe/CE. Por meio de dois fieldworks e entrevistas com residentes, foram observadas restrições às liberdades comunitárias. Além disso, foram relatadas privatizações de espaços de subsistência, negligência aos aspectos de saneamento e implicação de riscos à saúde da comunidade. Destaca-se, ainda, a repressão às liberdades políticas, ilustrada em episódios nos quais a população foi coagida, intimidada e criminalizada devido ao enfrentamento das injustiças ambientais ocasionadas pelos empreendimentos. Mostra-se necessário, portanto, problematizar o tipo de desenvolvimento levado a tais comunidades, tendo em vista que este pode ilustrar o progresso econômico de grupos empresariais em detrimento dos modos de vida tradicionais, subalternizando-os e os tornando invisíveis, tal como foi diagnosticado na Comunidade do Cumbe.
O Papel Mediador das Emoções na Relação entre Hormônios Femininos e Escolha Indulgente
Authors: Ruffatto Juliane , Serafin Vanessa Faedo , Decesaro Leonardo , Basso Kenny
Published: May 2018

sabido que o comportamento de consumo influenciado por diversos fatores; dentre eles, fatores fisiolgicos pouco explorados em pesquisas como a influncia da alterao hormonal no comportamento de consumo feminino. Os diferentes picos de hormnios decorrentes do ciclo menstrual feminino no s provocam mudanas fsicas no organismo da mulher, mas como tambm mudanas no seu modo de agir e no seu comportamento. Desse modo, o objetivo da pesquisa entender o efeito hormonal feminino nas emoes, e estas nas escolhas por produtos indulgentes. Para tanto, participaram deste estudo 164 mulheres em perodo reprodutivo com idades entre 18 e 39 anos em diferentes fases do ciclo hormonal. Para estabelecer relao com trs variveis distintas e testar a hiptese, utilizou-se a mediao por meio da regresso para explicar o efeito indireto do perodo hormonal na escolha pela lista indulgente, mediada pela emoo. Os resultados sugerem que as alteraes hormonais, ocasionadas pelo ciclo menstrual feminino, no qual h um aumento na atividade hormonal, possam influenciar negativamente as emoes negativas, ou seja, a maior produo hormonal gerar menos emoes negativas, que por sua vez favorecer a escolha de produtos menos indulgentes (mais saudveis).
Influencia de la Comunicación en la Creación de Imagen del Evento Mototurístico “Pingüinos”
Authors: García Otero Berta María , Ibáñez Soria María del Mar , Matellanes Lazo Mónica
Published: May 2018

Desde su aparicin en el ao 1982, el evento mototurstico Pinginos se ha convertido en una de las concentraciones moteras ms importantes del mundo. Declarado Fiesta de Inters Turstica Regional en el ao 2011, este encuentro viene demostrando su capacidad para atraer a Valladolid a miles de visitantes e involucrarles en distintos tipos de turismo. Sin duda, un alto poder de convocatoria que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de estudiar el papel desempeado por las acciones de comunicacin del principal agente inductivo del evento: el Club Turismoto. Se parte de las hiptesis de que la cartelera ha funcionado como catalizadora de la imagen de marca Pinginos, que ms all de su valor informativo inicial, ha devenido en una marca-emocional creadora de lazos afectivos y reivindicadora de una identidad vinculada a un territorio. Tras la recogida de los formatos impresos, la muestra queda constituida por aquellos soportes publicitarios convencionales ms representativos. Y as, a partir de un primer anlisis estructural, se procede al anlisis de contenido de los mensajes a travs del programa LIWC y de la creacin de un diccionario especfico. Los principales resultados apuntan a que estas acciones de promocin han servido para poner en valor el destino turstico Valladolid y para respaldar como con el tiempo los mensajes de carcter divulgativo dan paso a la construccin de un mensaje ms persuasivo, sustentado en valores simblicos e identitarios, que trabaja cada vez ms los atributos subjetivos inherentes al propio evento (marca-emocional).
Aspectos Emocionais e Experienciais Influenciadores da Ida do Torcedor aos Estádios de Futebol de Belo Horizonte-MG
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo Bastos , Sousa Caissa Veloso e , Fagundes André Francisco Alcântara
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em avaliar os aspectos emocionais e experienciais que influenciam a ida e a inteno do torcedor de retornar aos estdios de futebol de Belo Horizonte. Foi realizada uma pesquisa, de cunho quantitativo, com 353 torcedores de futebol na cidade. Como principais resultados, constatou-se que as emoes positivas e a socializao do torcedor no estdio impactam positivamente a satisfao do torcedor, que h forte relao entre identificao com o time e lealdade ao time e que a satisfao do torcedor tem uma relao forte e direta com inteno de retornar ao estdio. De outro lado, possvel inferir que as emoes vivenciadas durante o campeonato ou durante os jogos no representam impacto significativo no comparecimento ao estdio. No mesmo aspecto, lealdade ao time tambm no apresentou relao significativa com inteno de retornar ao estdio, indicando que o retorno, ou no, ao estdio, independe da lealdade dos torcedores.
Educação e complexidade: um diálogo possível
Authors: Castro Elza Maria Neffa Vieira de , Castro Krishna Neffa Vieira de
Published: May 2018

Por supor que a filosofia de Paulo Freire se encontra impregnada de elementos de complexidade, um dos princípios da transdisciplinaridade, este artigo analisa as premissas do pensamento complexo identificando suas aproximações com os pressupostos freirianos, entendidos como elementos organizadores do conhecimento e estimuladores do espírito problematizador-criativo dos sujeitos históricos atuantes na educação brasileira. O estudo aponta elementos da abordagem transdisciplinar no pensamento de Paulo Freire por ele vislumbrar a educação como caminho de autonomia e libertação, a partir de um método de ensino entendido como campo de construção de conhecimento que incorpora a dimensão ontológica do ser humano e a prática educativa formadora de um sujeito transdisciplinar comprometido com a geração de novas estratégias articuladas ao bem comum em um processo contínuo de aprendizagem e de atuação política.
Alienação de universitárias vulneráveis: seis casos de emancipação
Authors: Vasconcelos Ivar César Oliveira de , Lima Helen Tatiana Dos Santos , Menez Ingrid Cristian Da Silva Bezerra de
Published: May 2018

Jovens universitárias podem advir de comunidades vulneráveis, lugares onde faltam informações sobre direitos e oportunidades e, por outro lado, sobram informações sem sentido. Parte delas se aliena, pois, prioriza a busca de solução para problemas imediatos. Outra parte, supera o círculo vicioso da violência-exclusão-alienação. Como o conseguem? Como a educação superior contribui para isso? Um estudo de casos múltiplos, envolvendo seis jovens estudantes, revelou experiências sociais emancipadoras dessas mulheres. A autocrítica, em espaços abertos pela educação superior, mostrou-se elemento-chave na virada de rumo de suas vidas. As conclusões podem contribuir com a atuação didático-pedagógica de professores, inclusive para sua formação.
Process Standardization for the Manufacture of Shrikhand Spread
Authors: Sarkar S. , Sur A. , Sarkar K. , Majhi R. , Chatterjee K. , Sikder B. , Basu S. , Paul S.
Published: May 2018

Purpose: Shrikhand Spread, a unique sweetened fermented Indian milk product is made by separation of whey from dahi, the Indian counterpart of Western yoghurt, followed by addition of sugar. Production of dahi employing traditional method involved undefined mixed starter cultures, uncontrolled fermentation and longer production time resulting in wide variation in its chemical and microbiological qualities. In order to cater to a product with desirable properties like lower post-acidification, higher flavour profile, firm body and lower syneresis coupled with shorter production time, conjugated application of yoghurt cultures and dahi cultures were tried. Since the shelf-life of dahi is limited, conversion into shrikhand spread may be used as a tool to extend the shelf-life and therefore the market reach towards commercialization into the global market as a potential functional food.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Different batches of dahi were made from homogenized (Stage I - 2500 psi, Stage II - 500 psi) and pasteurized (74-78 °C/16-19 Sec) milk, pre-adjusted to 3.15-3.20% fat and 11.40% snf with diverse starter combinations selected upon the extent of post acidification, volatile acid production, syneresis and rheological characteristics. Homogenized, pasteurized and regulated milk was further subjected to a heat-treatment (90°C/10 min) and seeded with selected starter combinations to obtain firm curd intended for shrikhand spread manufacture. Shelf-life of shrikhand spread was evaluated in terms of chemical and microbiological criteria upto 7 days of storage at 8±1°C.
Findings: Starter combination of eXactDahi 2+YoFlex Express 1.0 at an incubation temperature-time combination of 45°C/5h was found most suitable for producing dahi with smooth body, higher volatile acidity and low syneresis. Utilization of dahi obtained employing the above starter combination for the manufacture shrikhand spread was suggested and the product was found to retain its goodness when stored for 7 days at 8±1°C.
Originality/Value: Conjugated use of yoghurt cultures with dahi cultures was suggested to overcome the drawbacks of traditional process of dahi manufacture suitable for conversion into shrikhand spread. This dahi was found capable of enhancing its dietetic value in addition.
Professores, violência e convivência social: por uma cultura da paz
Authors: Silva Cunha Kátia , Silva Cunha Matheus
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho discute o fenômeno da violência, principalmente quando esta ocorre no contexto da escola. Para fomentar este estudo, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura e para tal, priorizamos artigos sobre a temática, além de informações trazidas por reportagens, acessadas diretamente nos sites. Para a busca dos artigos, foram utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chave: violência e convivência na escola, violência, professores e cultura da paz. A proposta é tentar buscar responder como a cultura da paz pode amenizar o fenômeno da violência na escola? Para tal, focaremos em duas perguntas: Quais as raízes da violência? Como professores podem lidar com o fenômeno da violência no ato de desenvolver uma prática pedagógica firmada na cultura da paz? Afirmamos que a violência está associada a diferentes causas e que já existem iniciativas que apontam para uma solução, entretanto afirmamos, que o tema da violência no meio escolar não pode mais passar despercebido pelos formuladores das políticas, nem por aqueles que estudam este fenômeno a partir de uma perspectiva mais prática, como ocorre no campo da Teologia. Assim, espera-se contribuir com o estudo da violência, ancorando-a também no viés da espiritualidade, no sentido de recuperação e comprometimento com a alteridade, cuja finalidade é a promoção de uma cultura da paz.
Upgrading Traffic Circles to Modern Roundabouts to Improve Safety and Efficiency – Case Studies from Italy
Authors: Pratelli Antonio , Sechi Paolo , Souleyrette Reginald Roy
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a procedure for analysing safety and operational improvements made possible by converting traffic circles to modern roundabouts. An Italian case study is presented for alternative layouts under various traffic demand scenarios. In the application of the procedure, the average waiting times and queue lengths at entries are computed with an analytical capacity model, using default values for gap parameters. Then, the roundabout is dynamically simulated. The simulation results in a revised set of gap parameters that are in turn used as inputs to a second trial of the capacity model, and in turn fed back into the simulation. The two steps are repeated until the parameters reach a pre-selected convergence criterion, so that gap parameter values for both the static capacity and dynamic microsimulation models are in equilibrium. Therefore, the applied procedure can conduct both static and dynamic roundabout design, usually applied separately. One can start with default values in guidelines and couple them with limited field data, improving both the expected results and cost-effectiveness of solutions. Next, safety is estimated using dynamic simulation software and a compatible conflict counting model to acquire surrogate measures of safety. Level-of-serviceand surrogate safety indicators for the existing and redesigned roundabouts are then compared. The procedure is first demonstrated on an old “ultra-large” roundabout. The procedure is tested on this roundabout using the Highway Capacity Manual 2016 (HCM2016), AimsunTM, and Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) software. A redesign is shown to be far superior in efficiency and safety. Finally, two cases are described where large first generation roundaboutswere upgraded to modern standards.
Distinct ‘safe zones’ at the nuclear envelope ensure robust replication of heterochromatic chromosome regions
Authors: Ebrahimi Hani , Masuda Hirohisa , Jain Devanshi , Cooper Julia Promisel
Published: May 2018

Chromosome replication and transcription occur within a complex nuclear milieu whose functional subdomains are beginning to be mapped out. Here we delineate distinct domains of the fission yeast nuclear envelope (NE), focusing on regions enriched for the inner NE protein, Bqt4, or the lamin interacting domain protein, Lem2. Bqt4 is relatively mobile around the NE and acts in two capacities. First, Bqt4 tethers chromosome termini and the mat locus to the NE specifically while these regions are replicating. This positioning is required for accurate heterochromatin replication. Second, Bqt4 mobilizes a subset of Lem2 molecules around the NE to promote pericentric heterochromatin maintenance. Opposing Bqt4-dependent Lem2 mobility are factors that stabilize Lem2 beneath the centrosome, where Lem2 plays a crucial role in kinetochore maintenance. Our data prompt a model in which Bqt4-rich nuclear subdomains are ‘safe zones’ in which collisions between transcription and replication are averted and heterochromatin is reassembled faithfully.
A Direct Method for the Assessment of Cohesive Zone Models for Thin Adhesive Layers Loaded in Mode I, Mode II, and Mixed-Mode I/II
Authors: Paroissien E. , Lachaud F. , Morlier J. , Schwartz S.
Published: May 2018

In the context of increasing the strength-to-mass ratio of lightweight structures, the adhesively bonded joining technology appears to be an attractive solution. Nevertheless, the adhesive bonding method is important when the structural integrity of joints has to be ensured. In the
literature, the cohesive zone models (CZMs) are shown to be able to predict both the static and fatigue strengths of adhesively bonded joints. The strength prediction is dependent on material laws and associated material parameters, characterizing the bondline behaviour mainly under pure mode
I, mode II and mixed-mode I/II. The characterization methods are thus crucial. This paper aims at assessing the capabilities to identify the parameters of a particular CZM for both the inverse method, based on the energy balance associated with the path independent J-integral, and of a direct
method described in this present work. The particular CZM has a classical shape based on the definition of a bilinear law for each of both pure modes, associated with pure mode interaction energy laws for initiation and propagation under mixed-mode I/II. The methodology used in this paper
is based on a numerical test campaign only, involving the macro-element (ME) technique. A new approach for the fast formulation and implementation of ME modelling of two bonded beams is described.