bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo da reologia de hidrogéis compósitos de PEG-Laponita-alginato visando impressão 3D baseada em extrusão
Authors: Santo Karina Feliciano , Dávila José Luis , d'Ávila Marcos Akira , Rodas Andrea Cecília Dorion , Silva Jorge Vicente Lopes da , Daguano Juliana Kelmy Macário Barboza
Published: December 2022

RESUMO Os hidrogéis, redes poliméricas reticuladas capazes de absorver e reter uma grande quantidade de água devido à sua natureza hidrofílica, chamam a atenção para aplicações na Engenharia Tecidual. Ainda, esses materiais oferecem o potencial de projetar arcabouços partindo do seu comportamento pseudoplástico, o que é fundamental para impressão tridimensional (3D) baseada em extrusão. A adição de Laponita, um nanosilicato bidimensional em forma de disco, permite modificar o comportamento reológico de alguns géis, criando uma condição otimizada. Neste estudo, foi realizada a caracterização reológica do hidrogel compósito PEG-Laponita-alginato (PL-Alg) e de seu gel precursor PEG-Laponita (PL), visando futuramente a bioimpressão 3D. Inicialmente, foi avaliado o comportamento reológico de diferentes concentrações de Laponita no compósito PL. Verificou-se que a viscosidade da solução de PEG aumentou drasticamente como uma função da adição de Laponita, de modo que se observou um comportamento reológico não-Newtoniano fortemente pseudoplástico. O efeito dos diferentes teores de Laponita também pode ser notado para o compósito (PL-Alg), mantendo-se fixa a concentração de PEG e alginato, sendo este último adicionado com o intuito de ser um segundo precursor de rede para reticular o hidrogel de PEG-Laponita. Ainda, todos os compósitos apresentaram uma recuperação parcial da viscosidade em função do tempo, após a aplicação de cisalhamento, parâmetro a ser considerado no desenvolvimento de biotintas. Os arcabouços de PL-Alg foram impressos contendo até 10 camadas e colocados em uma solução de CaCl2 para a reticulação das cadeias do alginato. Posteriormente, testes in vitro foram realizados, mostrando que a dissolução da rede do hidrogel compósito foi mais crítica para a amostra com 5% de Laponita. Em conclusão, para trabalhos futuros deverá ser considerada a maneira mais apropriada de reticulação da cadeia de PEG, para melhorar as propriedades mecânicas e a resistência à degradação, viabilizando a utilização do sistema PEG-Laponita-alginato para aplicações em bioimpressão 3D.
ABSOLUTE INTENSITIES OF HELIUM LINES AND SPACE RESOLVED ELECTRON DENSITIES AND ENERGIES IN DISCHARGE WITH A HOLLOW CATHODE IN HE:H2O GAS MIXTURE
Authors: Andreev Sergey N. , Bernatskiy Anton V. , Draganov Ivan , Kochetov Igor V. , Ochkin Vladimir N.
Published: December 2022

In a discharge with a hollow cathode the electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs), electron concentration, and absolute intensities of pure helium and helium mixtures with water vapor at pressures of 2-3 mbar were measured. It was shown that under the experiment conditions, the EEDFs were significantly different from the Maxwellian function since the amount of high-energy electrons in the energy range of 7-24 eV was much larger. As the concentration of water molecules in plasma increased, the amount of high-energy electrons decreased. The absolute intensities of a number of helium lines were calculated in coronal model approximation. It was determined that the lines reasonably agreed with the experimental measurements of the absolute intensities.
A Critical Site Report on Recreational Landscapes: Wrexham Cemetery As a Leisure Space
Authors: Leyland Rowena
Published: December 2022

Opened and consecrated in 1876, Wrexham Cemetery is an example of Victorian attitudes towards space, memorialisation and moral re-creation. Designed using the romanticised Grecian image of progression and reflecting the establishment of botany as a science, these new spaces were intended
to replace the reality of the body's decomposition and encourage appropriate use of free time for physical activity. Florist Yeaman Strachan – borough surveyor and councillor – was chosen to design this new space. Using the work of botanist John Claudius Loudon, Strachan's selections
of trees and shrubbery acted as memento mori, reminders of the beauty of the resurrection, led by a Victorian desire for affluence and respectability even in death.
ROUSSEAU’NUN EMİLE’İNDE İDEAL KADIN VE ERKEK KURGULARININ ELEŞTİRİSİ
Authors: USLU Cansel , KANCI Tuba
Published: December 2022

Sosyal politik düzen idealini Toplum Sözleşmesi adlı eserinde sunan Jean Jacques Rousseau, Emile ya da Eğitim Üzerine adlı eserinde ise bireysel bir ideal eğitim tasavvuru yaparak bu sosyal politik düzen için zemin oluşturur. Bu makalede Rousseau’nun Emile adlı eseri toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden incelenmiş; eğitimin toplumu dönüştürme ve bireyler için oluşturulan rolleri benimsettirme noktasında nasıl kullanıldığını gözler önüne sermek amaçlanmıştır. Her ne kadar Rousseau, Toplum Sözleşmesi’nde genel iradeye dayalı olarak eşitlikçi bir görüş çizmiş olsa da Emile’de erkekler için iyi yurttaşlık eğitimi sunarken kadınlar için ise sadece ideal kadın-anne olmayı tanımlar. Emile’de kadınlar, kendi kendilerine karar alabilen bireyler olarak gösterilmez; özelde Sofie’nin, genelde ise kadınların varlığı, evlenene kadar babanın, evlendikten sonra ise kocanın iradesine bağlı kılınmaktadır. Zira Rousseau, kadınların “güçsüzlüklerini,” kadın olmaları sebebiyle sahip oldukları yeniden-üretim işlevlerine ve onlara atfettiği “kendi kendilerine karar alamama,” “hassas olma” gibi niteliklere bağlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Rousseau’nun eğitim modelinde doğada deneyerek ve görerek öğrenen Emile iken; özel alan içerisinde eğitim görerek ataerkil düzene göre idealize edilen Sofie olmuştur.
SAVAŞIN ÇOCUKLARI: SOVYET İSPANYOLLAR
Authors: KARAKALE Filiz
Published: December 2022

Yirminci yüzyılın ilk yarısında, İspanya’da cumhuriyetçilerle General Franco yönetimindeki milliyetçiler arasında trajik bir iç savaş yaşanmıştır. Bu savaş ile ilgili yapılmış yerli ve yabancı pek çok çalışma, savaşın sebep ve sonuçlarını ayrıntılı bir biçimde ortaya koymaktadır. Savaş devam ederken aralarında bebek sayılabilecek yaştakilerin de olduğu binlerce İspanyol çocuğun ülke dışına çıkarılması ise bu savaşın az bilinen ve üzerinde az çalışılan bir yönüdür. Sadece İspanya ile sınırlı kalmayıp ideolojik zeminde uluslararası bir boyuta ulaşan savaşta binlerce sivil hayatını kaybederken binlerce çocuk da bu şekilde evinden, vatanından olmuştur. Çatışmalardan korumak amacıyla Fransa, İngiltere, Belçika, İsviçre, Danimarka, Meksika gibi ülkelere gönderilen çocukların azımsanmayacak bir kısmı da dönemin Sovyetler Birliği’ne gönderilmiştir. Dil, din, yaşam tarzı bakımından iki ülke arasında kalan çocuklar, yıllar sonra ülkelerine döndüklerinde ise psikolojik, sosyolojik, siyasal ve kültürel açıdan pek çok sorunla karşılaşmışlardır. Bu bakımdan, iç savaşın bu çocukları, tarihsel ve toplumsal boyutuyla ele alınması gereken bir konudur. Gizliliği kaldırılıp arşivlerden çıkarılan yeni belgeler sayesinde ise konuyla ilgili daha kapsamlı çalışmalar yapma imkânı doğmuştur. Bu çalışmada, dönemin SSCB’sinin, günümüz Rusya’sının İspanyol çocuklarının, ülkeden çıkış öyküleri, SSCB’deki yaşamları ve eğitimleri, İspanya’ya dönme süreçleri, bu konuda yazılmış kaynaklardan ve dönemin İspanyol çocuklarıyla yapılan söyleşilerden faydalanılarak genel hatlarıyla ve tarafsız bir şekilde ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır.
GREGORY HANSEN KOENTEGRASYON YÖNTEMİYLE VERGİ-HARCAMA HİPOTEZİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ (2006-2022)
Authors: FENKLİ Mesut , UYSAL Doğan
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada M. Friedman’ın vergi-harcama hipotezi Türkiye (2006-2022) örneği üzerinden araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın uygulaması iki aşamada gerçekleştirilmiştir. İlk olarak araştırmanın değişkenleri geleneksel birim kök testlerine (Augmented Dickey-Fuller ve Phillips-Perron testlerine) tabi tutulmuş ve ardından Engel-Granger koentegrasyon analizi yapılmıştır. İkinci aşamada değişkenler yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testlerine (Zivot-Andrews ve Lee-Strazicich testlerine) tabi tutulmuş ve yapısal kırılmayı dikkate alan Gregory-Hansen koentegrasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak her iki yöntem benzer sonuçlar vermiş ve vergi-harcama hipotezinin Türkiye (2006-2022) için geçerli olduğunu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
KÜLTÜREL VE YARATICI ENDÜSTRİLERDE ÇALIŞAN SANAT ÜRETİCİLERİNİN FİKRÎ MÜLKİYET HAKKI KONUSUNDA DENEYİMLERİ VE GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: ULUSOY Tolga
Published: December 2022

Kültürel ve yaratıcı endüstrilerin tanımlanmasında en önemli konulardan biri fikrî mülkiyet konusudur. Yaratıcı ve kültürel endüstrilerin farklı tanımlarında telif hakları, oldukça sık vurgulanmış olmasına rağmen uygulamada telif haklarının bu endüstrilerde önemsizleştiği görülmektedir. Çalışmada kültürel ve yaratıcı endüstrilerin farklı sektörlerinde çalışmış yirmi iki sanat üreticisiyle görüşülmüştür. Görüşülen sanat üreticilerinin telif hakları konusunda görüşleri, kültürel ve yaratıcı endüstriler içerisinde yaşadıkları deneyimler ve yaşanılan sorunlara karşı geliştirdikleri çözümler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Telif hakları konusunu belirleyen en önemli husus, kültürel ve yaratıcı endüstriler içerisinde yer alan sanat üreticilerinin çalışma biçimleridir. Kültürel ve yaratıcı endüstrilerde tam-zamanlı ve freelance olarak iki çalışma biçimi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu iki çalışma biçiminde telif hakları bağlamında farklı sorunlar gözlemlenmektedir. Tam-zamanlı çalışmada üretilen kültür ürünü, şirket mülkü sayılırken sanat üreticilerinin emekleri görünmez kılınmaktadır. Freelance çalışmada ise sanat üreticileri telif haklarını mücadele ederek kazanmak durumunda kalmaktadırlar. Makalede iki çalışma biçimindeki fikri mülkiyet çerçevesinde ortaya çıkan ortak ve farklı sorunlar, sanat üreticilerinin deneyimlerinin irdelenmesine dayanarak ortaya konulacaktır.
GENÇ KALEMLER DERGİSİNDE TÜRKÇE EĞİTİMİNE YÖNELİK TESPİTLER
Authors: FİDAN Mehmet
Published: December 2022

Genç Kalemler dergisi Türk yazın hayatındaki etkilerinin yanı sıra dil, edebiyat alanındaki görüşleri ve dolayısıyla Türkçe eğitimi alanına etkileri ile önemli konumda yer almaktadır. Ömer Seyfettin, Ali Canip ve Ziya Gökalp’in görüşleri ile ön plana çıktığı Genç Kalemler dergisi, döneminde diğer yazarlar tarafından da desteklenmiştir. Bu araştırmada Genç Kalemler dergisinde yer alan makalelerin Türkçe eğitimi açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilgili makalelerde yer alan Türkçe eğitimine yönelik tespitlerin analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada doküman incelemesi yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. İncelenen makalelerde sadece dil bilgisi değil aynı doğrultuda dil eğitimi alanına yönelik görüşlerin de olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Genç Kalemler dergisinde genellikle Yeni Lisan başlığı altında yayımlanan makaleler vasıtasıyla hedeflenen temel amacın millî ve tabii bir lisan, millî bir edebiyat oluşturabilmek olduğu görülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda makalelerdeki genel görüşlere göre İstanbul Türkçesinin tabii lisan olarak kabul edilmesinin önerildiği belirtilmektedir. Ayrıca Genç Kalemler dergisinde yer alan makalelerde öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik çeşitli tespitler ve öneriler de yer almaktadır.
OTANTİKLİK ALGISI MÜŞTERİ TATMİNİ VE DESTİNASYON İMAJININ DAVRANIŞSAL NİYET ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: İZMİR BİRGİ TARİHİ KENTİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BAYDENİZ Erdem , BAŞAR Berkan , KEMENT Üzeyir , DOĞAN Seden
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, otantiklik algısı, müşteri tatmini ve destinasyon imajının davranışsal niyete etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini İzmir ilinin Birgitarihi kentini ziyaret eden turistler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada 02 Haziran-25Eylül 2022 tarihleri arasında amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örneklemesi ile 401anket toplanmıştır. Araştırmada hipotezlerin test edilmesi için SmartPLSistatistik programı kullanılmış olup, hipotez testi aşamasında yapısal eşitlik modelinden faydalanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda araştırmaya katılan turistlerin yapısal otantiklik algılarının müşteri tatmini üzerinde etkisinin olmadığı fakat yapısal otantikliğin destinasyon imajı üzerinde pozitif yönde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nesnel ve varoluşsal otantikliğin hem müşteri tatmini hem de destinasyon imajı üzerinde pozitif yönde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Müşteri tatmini ve destinasyon imajının ise davranışsal niyet üzerinde pozitif yönde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
THE GOVERNANCE OF MIGRATION AND URBAN WITH MULTILEVEL ACTORS
Authors: KARAMEŞE Şeyma
Published: December 2022

Cities are centres of attraction where the population increases rapidly through migration. The urban context, in which social differences and cultural change are addressed, is not independent of governance discussions. It is undeniable that cities, being diverse entities, cannot be handled with a unified governmental strategy. In this respect, the host country's urban policymaking, which incorporates immigrants, introduces multilevel governance. To comprehend this, the factors that create the multiple migration governance from a sociological viewpoint will be reviewed first, followed by an in-depth examination of the numerous aspects of this management form. The challenges generated by the present theoretical framework will be reviewed in the last section, which is the most significant difference and contribution of the study. This part opens space to further researches and questions to clarify urban governance and migration. The role of civil society and NGOs, as well as city diplomacy and independence from central authority, will be highlighted.As a result, the study presents the findings that multiple actors have active functions not only at the national level but also at the international level.
Experimental simulation of volumetric compacts formation from spherical waxy elements
Authors: Zhilin S. G. , Bogdanova N. A. , Komarov O. N.
Published: December 2022

The growth in metal intensity of industrial production and the volume of consumption of finished metal products determine the relevance of development and research of energy efficient technological processes aimed at reducing costs by reducing the number of operations while maintaining product performance. In mechanical engineering, the problem of obtaining blanks with increased dimensional and geometric accuracy and complex configuration is solved by using a common method of investment casting. Expansion of the use of such technological approach to produce blanks in mechanical engineering is hindered by a number of physical phenomena associated with the thermal expansion of investment and ceramic materials, which leads to an increase in the product final cost. A significant number of defect-forming factors can be eliminated by applying an innovative solution consisting in the formation of porous removable models by compacting mixtures based on waxy materials. This solves the problem of material shrinkage and increases the crack resistance of ceramic molds, which significantly reduces the share of machining in the overall volume of technological operations. Technical tests of the new method have revealed the reason why the machining of castings cannot be completely eliminated at present. The problem mainly lies in elastic response of compacted material of the model mixture, which, in some cases, affects the increase in the compacts size. This paper considers the effect of initial packing of spherical-shaped elements simulating one- and two-component model mixtures on the stress-strain state of a powder body subjected to unilateral compaction in a rigid cylindrical matrix to technologically justified density values. The results of the experiment are presented in the form of stress-strain relations. Preferable conditions of compact formation with minimal values of elastic response of the compacted material are considered.
Development of temperature-speed modes of hot deformation of Co – 28Cr – 6Mo alloy based on processing maps
Authors: Gamin Yu. V. , Korotitskii A. V. , Kin T. Yu. , Galkin S. P. , Kostin S. A. , Tikhomirov E. O.
Published: December 2022

In the article, the tests of the medical alloy Co – 28Cr – 6Mo after homogenization for uniaxial compression at temperatures of 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C and strain rates of 1, 10, and 50 s­–1 were carried out using the Gleeble System 3800. The stress-strain curves describing the alloy deformation behavior were obtained. The calculations of hot deformation parameters (activation energy, Zener-Hollomon parameter) were performed using three models (power-law, exponential, and hyperbolic sine function) describing the flow stress. The highest degree of convergence was shown by the calculation results based on the power function and the hyperbolic sine function. These models can be used to accurately calculate the flow stress at given temperature and strain rate parameters, or to simulate the deformation process. Also, based on processing maps, the authors developed the deformation-speed modes of hot deformation of the Co – 28Cr – 6Mo alloy. It will make it possible to choose the optimal rolling modes in the future. According to the data obtained, favorable temperature-speed conditions for hot deformation are shifted as deformation accumulates to the region of high temperatures and low strain rates. At the same time, the extremely unfavorable zone with negative values of the ξ-criterion, which appears at e = 0.3 – 0.4, continues to grow quite significantly with an increase in the deformation effect. Hot deformation of the Co – 28Cr – 6Mo alloy at low compression ratios (e < 0.2) is more expedient to perform at temperatures above 1150 °C and strain rates of at least 20 s–1. With an increase in deformation degree, it is necessary to choose lower strain rates (1 – 5 s–1) and higher deformation temperature.
Application of physical simulation to evaluate the impact of teeming method and rate on axial zone formation of large ingots
Authors: Gamanyuk S. B. , Rutskii D. V. , Zyuban N. A. , Kirilichev M. V. , Nikitin M. S. , Gurulev D. N.
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of evaluation of the impact of teeming method and rate on solidification and formation of the axial zone of large ingots. The research is based on a physical simulation. With this aim a laboratory-scale plant (a crystallization mould) was designed and built which enabled to visualize and monitor solidification and structural formation of the model ingots. Sodium thiosulphate (crystal hyposulphite) – Na2S2O3·5H2O was used as a modeling solution. Matching of the processes in the model and in real industrial conditions of ingot teeming was assessed with similarity criteria obtained on the basis of the dimension theory with consideration of the physical and chemical processes in the ingot during its teeming and crystallization. Two methods – downhill casting and uphill casting – were used to teem the melt into the mould. During teeming the geometry and technological parameters of the model ingots remained unchanged while the teeming rate was altered. Length and medium width of the model ingot axial zone were measured. The thermal profiling of the surface of the mould model was monitored over the entire period of solidification to evaluate the thermal field alteration while the ingot was teemed and crystallized. Thermal imaging processing made it possible to observe temperature changes of the surface of the model mould from top to bottom for downhill cast ingots teemed at different rates. The results obtained demonstrate that teeming rate has a noticeable impact on the axial zone length. It was established that a decreased rate leads to an increased directionality of crystallization and improvement of the ingot axial zone structure.
Modernization of hopper car for transportation of agglomerate and other materials
Authors: Nefedov A. V. , Shkurko T. G. , Chichenev N. A. , Kholodova N. V.
Published: December 2022

The paper considers results of the analysis of operability of the transporting equipment at agglomeration shops of the Ural metallurgical enterprises. It was established that during long-term operation of the hopper car for transportation of hot agglomerate, dust settles on its walls, growths of accumulated dust are formed, and the effect of vaulting occurs. Due to compaction and increase in dust layer, useful volume of the hopper car decreases which in turn leads to the need to carry out dangerous work to clean the dust directly inside the hopper car. Manual labor is used for this purpose. Such works are very dangerous for human health due to high dust content and high injury risk. In order to eliminate the problem of vaulting and accumulation of dust on the car walls, it is proposed to use the installation of two vibrating devices of the “False wall” type together with a vibrating neck (vibrating beam). The vibrating element of the device is a plate that is mounted on the inner wall on flexible suspensions (round link chain). Rubber shock absorbers are installed between the plate and the hopper wall, which are used as rubber-fabric conveyor belt. A vibrator is mounted to the plate through the support post, and the transmission of vibrations to the agglomerate is carried out using a vibrating hump, which is welded to the plate (false wall). Introduction of the designed device ensures reduction of unplanned downtime of the hopper cars team and rejection of hazardous to human health work related to the bunkers cleaning. The economic calculation confirms feasibility of the ongoing measures for reengineering of hopper cars in the conditions of agglomerate production at metallurgical enterprises.
Protocol forCross-species characterization in the reproduction of Spodoptera Sunia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) v1
Authors: Ivan Real Baca Carlos
Published: December 2022

The Protocol describes the process for Cross-species Characterization in the reproduction of Spodoptera Sunia(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). With the characterization it was possible to evaluate the reproductive biological parameters of the species Spodoptera sunia.
Katodik ark PVD yöntemi ile TiN kaplanmış 316L paslanmaz çelik implant malzemesinin elektrokimyasal ve ıslanabilirlik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: ASLAN ÇAKIR Mevra
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada, biyomalzeme olarak kullanılan 316L paslanmaz çeliğin korozyon direnci ve hidrofobik özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla TiN filmler katodik ark fiziksel buhar biriktirme (CAPVD) yöntemi ile yüzeye kaplanmıştır. Kaplanmış numunelerin yüzey morfolojisi, yüzey bileşimi, korozyon direnci ve ıslanabilirliği karakterize edilmiş ve kaplamaların karakterizasyonu XRD, SEM ve EDS ile yapılmıştır. Yapay vücut sıvısı (SBF) çözeltisinde yapılan elektrokimyasal deneyler sonrasında kaplama filminin korozyon direncini artırdığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca, işlemsiz ve kaplanmış numunelerin ıslanabilirlik ve serbest yüzey enerjisi özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde saf su, hekzadekan, etilen glikol ve SBF çözeltileri ile temas açıları ölçümleri alınmıştır. Yüzeylerin kaplama filmi sonrasında hidrofobik ve oleofobik özellikleri elde edilmiş olup, SBF çözeltisi ile yapılan temas açısı ölçüm sonrasında temas açısı değeri 92°’den 119°’ye kadar artmıştır. İşlemsiz ve TiN kaplanmış paslanmaz çelik numunelerin serbest yüzey enerjisi değerleri ölçülen temas açısı değerlerine göre sırasıyla 26.7 mN/m ve 18.5 mN/m olarak hesaplanmıştır.
A Geometric Backoff Time Distribution of IEEE 802.11 DCF: An Analytical Study
Authors: Dehbi Youssef , Benaboud Hafssa , Mikou Noufissa
Published: December 2022

Today’s networks, including WLANs, transportdifferent classes of service. A service differentiation is thenessential to provide QoS. However, IEEE 802.11 for WLANs wasprimarily designed for best effort traffic and did not provide QoSspecifications. IEEE 802.11e MAC has been then described tosupport QoS in WLAN. In this paper, we propose a new schemefor service differentiation which is based on the 802.11 standardand requires minor modifications. In fact, we act on DCF whichuses the backoff procedure to solve contention in WLANs.For this scheme, we use, instead of the uniform distribution,a geometric distribution for random backoff time selection.Using a multi-class system, we propose three parametrizationsof the geometric distribution which imply different dynamicdifferentiation modes and we provide an analytical study, usinga Markov chain model, to compare our differentiation modes.We discuss our numerical results which give the performancesevaluation of the proposed mechanism in term of throughputand delay.
Survey on Lightweight Primitives and Protocols for RFID in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Lata Manju , Kumar Adarsh
Published: December 2022

The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies is becoming widespread in all kind of wireless network-based applications. As expected, applications based on sensor networks, ad-hoc or mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can be highly benefited from the adoption of RFID solutions. There is a strong need to employ lightweight cryptographic primitives for many security applications because of the tight cost and constrained resource requirement of sensor based networks. This paper mainly focuses on the security analysis of lightweight protocols and algorithms proposed for the security of RFID systems. A large number of research solutions have been proposed to implement lightweight cryptographic primitives and protocols in sensor and RFID integration based resource constraint networks. In this work, an overview of the currently discussed lightweight primitives and their attributes has been done. These primitives and protocols have been compared based on gate equivalents (GEs), power, technology, strengths, weaknesses and attacks. Further, an integration of primitives and protocols is compared with the possibilities of their applications in practical scenarios.
A Comprehensive Review of Distributed Coding Algorithms for Visual Sensor Network (VSN)
Authors: Ebrahim Mansoor , Chong Chai Wai
Published: December 2022

Since the invention of low cost camera, it has been widely incorporated into the sensor node in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to form the Visual Sensor Network (VSN). However, the use of camera is bringing with it a set of new challenges, because all the sensor nodes are powered by batteries. Hence, energy consumption is one of the most critical issues that have to be taken into consideration. In addition to this, the use of batteries has also limited the resources (memory, processor) that can be incorporated into the sensor node. The life time of a VSN decreases quickly as the image is transferred to the destination. One of the solutions to the aforementioned problem is to reduce the data to be transferred in the network by using image compression. In this paper, a comprehensive survey and analysis of distributed coding algorithms that can be used to encode images in VSN is provided. This also includes an overview of these algorithms, together with their advantages and deficiencies when implemented in VSN. These algorithms are then compared at the end to determine the algorithm that is more suitable for VSN.
Macimorelin Acetate for the Diagnosis of Childhood-onset Growth Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Henry Rohan K ,   Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus, OH, USA
Published: December 2022

Growth hormone provocation testing forms the cornerstone of the diagnosis of childhood growth hormone deficiency in clinical practice. Despite the widespread use of these tests, various criticisms have been levelled against them, such as the labour-intensive nature of the tests, their potential for serious adverse effects and their questionable reproducibility. Macimorelin acetate, a ghrelin mimetic approved for the diagnosis of adult growth hormone deficiency, could serve an unmet need in the diagnosis of childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency based on its good tolerability and benign side effect profile.
Effect of military spending on private investment in Nigeria: does a crowding-out effect exist?
Authors: Raifu Isiaka Akande
Published: December 2022

This study adopts ARDL and VAR estimation methods to examine whether military spending crowd-out or crowd-in private investment in Nigeria. We use the data that covers the period from 1970 to 2019. Our results, based on the ARDL method, show that military spending only crowds-out private investment in the short run. In the long run, military spending crowds in private investment. The results are robust to the use of alternative estimation methods. Specifically, IRF results show that military spending has a contemporaneous negative effect on private investment. However, the negative effect turns positive after the third period. Also, FEVD results show that most of the variation in private investment is explained by its shock and few by military spending. Our findings have policy implications. While it is advisable to spend more on the military to curtail the activities of insurgents, bandits and kidnappers and to restore confidence in investors, it is important also to take cognisance of the fact that military spending can crowd out private investment.
The Influence of Parents' Education Level on Children's Active Learning Quality: The Mediating Role of Family Parenting
Authors: Zhang Xinyun
Published: December 2022

In this study, 256 children from a kindergarten in Songjiang District, Shanghai were selected as the research subjects. Questionnaire survey was used to investigate the mediating effect of family rearing style on parents' educational level and children's proactive learning quality. The results show that the quality of proactive learning of children in middle and middle classes develops gradually with age, and middle class is the critical period of development. There is a significant positive correlation between proactive learning quality and parents' education level. There is a significant positive correlation between emotional warm parenting style and proactive learning quality of children. There is a significant negative correlation between rejection parenting style and overprotective parenting style and proactive learning quality of children. The emotional warm parenting style and overprotective parenting style play a completely mediating role between parents' educational level and children's proactive learning quality.Therefore, parents should create a good family education atmosphere and raise children’s awareness of the quality of active learning; kindergartens should help parents change their parenting methods and give play to the role of guidance and communication of family education in kindergartens; the government should play a role in guiding and publicizing family education; Facilitate the promotion of family style and the cultivation of active learning quality for family teachers.
Transforming US Agriculture: Perspective Directions for Development
Authors: Korotkikh Alla
Published: December 2022

The escalation of global problems in the XX1 century, such as limited natural resources, climate change, environmental protection and food security, stimulates the technological renewal of world agriculture, its transition to high-tech production methods. The US agriculture is not left aside in this transformation. Today this country is one of the world leaders in terms of the implementation of innovative solutions in agriculture.
Information, bio-, nano-, and robotic technologies transfer makes agricultural work more efficient, and replace human labor. Innovative technologies in Precision Farming like artificial intelligence, GPS, drones and fine-grained data on topography, soils and other aspects of farmland allow farmers to target specific areas with fertilizers, pesticides and water, instead of blanket spraying. It results in
Vertical farming offers many benefits that traditional farming cannot. It uses much less land, allows to grow regional or seasonal crops anywhere, year-round in the controlled environment. As a result, consumers (especially those in urban areas typically far from traditional farmlands) can have easier access to fresher, locally grown vegetables, berries, microgreens. 
One third of American farmers are using a few or all precision farming technologies. While vertical farming has a small market share yet, but it has huge growth potential as environment control, and crop production technologies are improved and production costs, especially energy costs, are reduced.
La bioética como un pilar de la formación de profesores de Biología
Authors: Castro Moreno Julio Alejandro
Published: December 2022

Propósito/Contexto. Este artículo presenta una propuesta acerca de cómo incorporar (o robustecer) la educación bioética en la formación inicial de profesores de biología, en el contexto colombiano.
Metodología/Enfoque. Se inicia con la definición de bioética en la que se basará el artículo, para lo cual se acude a la propuesta de “Bioética Global” de Potter, misma que se amplía, incorporando otras dimensiones, más allá de la ética médica y la ética ambiental. La bioética global, asimismo, se complementa con algunos enfoques: esta perspectiva ha de ser práctica, laica, inter y transdisciplinar, y estar en estrecha relación con la educación.
Resultados/Hallazgos. Se mencionan algunas situaciones de orden nacional que implican debates bioéticos y que podrían desempeñar un rol preponderante en la formación de profesores de biología, situaciones que se sugiere abordar con base en unas estrategias de enseñanza particulares.
Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Se afianza la idea de por qué es necesario que los profesores tengan una educación bioética, se enumeran las limitaciones de la propuesta planteada en el documento y se enfatiza en las perspectivas y retos que de ella devienen.
Hybrid Deep Model for Automated Detection of Tomato Leaf Diseases
Authors: Bayram Hande Yuksel , Bingol Harun , Alatas Bilal
Published: December 2022

Tomatoes are preferred by farmers because of their high productivity. This fruit has a fibrous structure and contains plenty of vitamins. Tomato diseases are generally observed on stem, fruit, and leaves. Early diagnosis of the disease in plants is of vital importance for the plant. This is very important for farmers who expect economic gain from that plant. Because if the disease is not treated early, these tomatoes should be destroyed. For these reasons, systems to diagnose the disease early are very important. In this study, a tomato leaf diseases classification model developed with deep learning methods, which is one of the most popular artificial intelligence techniques, is proposed in order to eliminate the possibility of the human eye being mistaken. In this study, 6 different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures were used. In the first stage of this study, which consists of two stages, the classification process was carried out with the Alexnet, Googlenet, Shufflenet, Efficientb0, Resnet50, and Inceptionv3 architectures that were previously trained. In the second stage, feature maps of tomato leaf images in the dataset were obtained using the six pre-trained deep learning architectures. In the hybrid model proposed in this study, the feature maps extracted using the best two of the six deep learning models are concatenated. Then, the Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) method was applied to the extracted features in order to speed up the system, unnecessary features were removed and optimized. The optimized feature map is classified by traditional intelligent classification models. As a result of experimental studies, the average accuracy rate of the proposed model is 99.50 percent.
An Image Classification and Retrieval Algorithm for Product Display in E-Commerce Transactions
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wei Zhenfeng
Published: December 2022

E-commerce has unmatched advantages over conventional ways of consumption, but it also restricts the amount of contact that customers have with the things they are purchasing. The first step in the transaction product information flow is an effective transaction product display image, which is crucial for product sales. The influence of the emotions present in the current transaction product display image on the buyer's purchase intention has not been established, and as the number of commodity classes rises, there is also a lack of scientific guidance regarding the buyer's efficient retrieval of transaction products. Therefore, this work investigates image classification and retrieval methods for product presentation in e-commerce transactions. A robust network architecture was created for the e-commerce transaction product display and image classification. The image polarity emotion feature extraction backbone module, the polarity emotion intensity perception module, and the emotion feature fusion classification module are the three specific components of the model. The network training approach is an innovation to address the issue that the polarity emotion intensity cannot be effectively conveyed in the e-commerce transaction product display image. The research improves the design of the similarity retrieval algorithm for e-commerce transaction product display images, which increased the retrieval effectiveness for buyers. The correctness of the classification model and retrieval approach was confirmed by the experimental results.
Technological Modernization as a Driver of Development of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Kozin M. N.
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the pressing economic problems, macroeconomic conditions and controls that ensure the dynamic development of a national industrial and technological modernization of the economy the Russian Federation.
Improvement оf State Intervention in the Implementation of the Differentiating Features of the Market and Sanitize
Authors:   Saratov State University, Demich A.A. , Sidnina V.L. ,   Academy of Marketing and Social and Information Technologies
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the direction of state intervention in the differentiating features of the market and sanitize. Suggest a model of such an intervention and measures to its.
Risks of Global Economy
Authors:   Saratov State University, Cherevichko T. V.
Published: December 2022

The problem of the globalization of risks is examined in this article. The author considers one of the global risks is migratory risks. In the article the author analyses the migratory risks and their influence on global economy.
Reflection of Unfinished Production Cost on the Balance Sheet
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kumehov K.K.
Published: December 2022

The article describes the existing order of the reflection of work in progress on the balance sheet. It is established, that the current system needs improvement.
Cloning, expression and purification of antigenic fragments of the Ureaplasma urealyticum UreD protein and its value in serology
Authors: Darvishi Faleh , Ganji Ali , Khansarinejad Behzad , Sadoogh Abbasian Shabnam , Abtahi Hamid
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: The detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum is usually done through culture. With the change of the smallest effective factor inculture, we face the lack of growth of these bacteria, which is one of the important reasons to find a suitable alternative for the diagnosis of this bacterium. UreDis a protected gene in this bacterium. The aim of this was to evaluate the ability of antigenic regions of UreD protein to bind to patients' serum antibodies.
Materials and Methods: Antigenic regions of UreD protein were predicted using IEDB software with five different meth- ods: Emini Surface Accessibility Prediction, Kolaskar and Tongaonkar Antigenicity, Chou and Fasman beta turn prediction, Karplus and Schulz flexibility scale, Ellipro –Epitope predictionbased upon structural protrusion. Antigenic regions of UreD gene was clonned, expressed and purified. The antigenicity of this recombinant protein against theantibodies in the serum of people infected with U. urealyticum infections was checked in western blotting.
Results: The results showed that the antigenic regions of the UreD protein was producted and its antigenicity was demon- strated in western blotting.Moreover, all sera from patients infected with U. urealyticum reacted to the recombinant antigen.
Conclusion: Specimens from people infected with U.urealyticum infection was positive in Western blotting suggesting that UreD protein has antigenic properties. Therefore, it can be used as a suitable candidatefor the design of diagnostic kits and U. urealyticum vaccine.
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and evaluation of its genotypes among pregnant women in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Esteghamati Abdoulreza , Sayyahfar Shirin , Khanaliha Khadijeh , Tavakoli Ahmad , Naghdalipour Mehri , Haghighi Hasanabad Morteza
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular pathogen. Infection with C. trachomatis in pregnant women can result inmaternal and fetal death, due to pelvic inflammatory disease. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this infection in pregnant women and identify circulating genotypes of C. trachomatis in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: Endocervical swabs were obtained from 101 pregnant women and tested by PCR assay to detect cryptic plasmid gene. Positiveisolates were analyzed for C. trachomatis genotypes through amplification and sequencing of the omp1 gene and alignment with deposited sequences in Gene Bank.
Results: Infection with C. trachomatis was observed in 11 cases, yielding an overall prevalence of 10.8% in total. The ma- jority of infected women were asymptomatic and the rate of infection was found more in women at the age of ≥30 years. However, no statistical association was found between C. trachomatisinfection and risk factors in pregnant women. Analysis of isolated sequences revealed genotypes E (44.4%), D and F (both 22.2%), and K (11.2%) as maingenotypes of C. tracho- matis in this region.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed the prevalence of C. trachomatis infections among pregnant women is relatively high. Identifying the precise rate of infection and associated genotypes in other regions is suggested.
Evaluation of chromogenic agar medium. Can it be a suitable alternative to conventional culture system for identification of uropathogens?
Authors: Sachu Arun , Samuel Abel K
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTI) account for major proportion of outpatient load and hospital admission globally. In most of theclinical microbiology laboratories MacConkey agar (MAC) and Cystine lactose electro- lyte-deficient (CLED) agar are being used for identification ofuropathogens. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of HiCromeTM  UTI by comparing isolation rate and presumptiveidentification of uropathogens against CLED and MAC agar.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted over a period of three months on 672 non-duplicate midstream and/or catheter-catch urine samples. All samples were inoculated on to HiCromeTM  UTI, CLED agar  and MacConkey agar.
Results: Among the 672 samples received for culture, 113 (16.8%)showed significant growth. Among the 672 samples, 95 (14.1%) showed growth of a single organism while 18 (2.7%) showed polymicrobial growth. The rate of isolation and presumptive identification of theisolates and polymicrobial growth was found significantly higher on HiCromeTM UTI Agar.
Conclusion: HiCromeTM  UTI Agar has the potential to streamlineprocessing of samples for urine culture in a way that will reduce the workload for technicians, reduce turnaround time which in turn will benefit the laboratoryultimately leading to better patient care.
The inhibitory effect of dextranases from Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas stutzeri on Streptococcus mutans biofilm
Authors: Mahmoud Samah , Gaber Yasser , Abdelmonem Khattab Rania , Bakeer Walid , Dishisha Tarek , AbdelHalim Ramadan Mohamed
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: Dental caries is a breakdown of the teeth enamel due to harmful bacteria, lack of oral hygiene, and sugar consumption. The acid-producing bacterium Streptococcus mutans is the leading cause of dental caries. Dextra- nase is an enzyme that can degrade dextran to low molecular weight fractions, which have many therapeutic and industrial applications. The purpose of the present study was to isolate a novel dextranase-producing bacteria from asource (molasses). The cell-free extracts containing dextranases were tested as antibiofilm agents.
Materials and Methods: Dextranase-producing bacteria were identified using phenotypic and genotypic methods such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and enzymatic characterization.
Results: The highest six dextranase-producing bacterial isolates were Bacillus species. The best conditions for dextranase productivity were obtained after 72hours of culture time at pH 7. The addition of glucose to the medium enhanced the pro- duction of the enzymes. The cell-free extract of the six most activeisolates showed remarkable activity against biofilm for- mation by Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. The highest inhibition activities reached 60% and 80%for Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas stutzeri, respectively.
Conclusion: Therefore, our study added to the current dextranase-producing bacteria with potential as a source of dextra- nases.
Effects of nisin on the expression of virulence genes of methicillin- resistant/sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ramezani Mahnaz , Rezazadeh Zarandi Ebrahim , Zainodini Nahid , Bahramabadi Reza , Assar Shokrollah
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives: Few studies have considered potential benefits of probiotic bacteria and their derivatives on human and animal health. Nisin is an antimicrobial agent that is produced by lactobacilli and served as a preservative in foods. This study aims to investigate whether nisin suppresses ordecreases the genes involved in the pathogenicity of meth- icillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA).
Materials and Methods: MSSA and MRSA strains were cultured at the ¼, ½, and 1 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nisin. Next, RNAextraction was performed at the mid-exponential stage of growth, and cDNA was synthesized. The expression of virulence factors was measured by qPCR, and the data were analyzed by the ΔΔCt formula.
Results: Depending on the incubation times and the Lactobacillus species, the MIC of nisin on MRSA and MSSA observed in 800 and 1600 mg/l, respectively.The qPCR assay showed the expression level of the sea, agrA, and spa genes decreased and the level of the sae gene increased at the sub-MIC of nisin, and no antagonism was observed. Concerning MRSA, the maximum downregulation rate was observed in the sea gene (up to 5.9 folds) while in MSSA, the maximumdownregulation rate was noticed in the agrA gene (up to 10 folds).
Conclusion: Due to the high inhibitory effect of the sub-MIC of nisin on the expression of virulence factor genes in MRSA and MSSA, this compound could potentially reduce the virulence of S. aureus.