bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of two species of Orangutans (Pongo sp.): A rapid protocol for rehabilitation centres and zoos
Authors: Perwitasari-Farajallah Dyah
Published: February 2019

Â Â Â Â  Currently orangutans exist in increasingly fragmented and isolated populations. While Sumatran orangutan is primarily found in northern Sumatra, the Bornean is distributed in Central, West, and East Kalimantan, Sarawak and Sabah.Â  The determination of intra- and inter-species variation between Bornean and Sumatran orangutans has been stated to be essential for both the management of orangutan reintroduction projects and the planning of conservation strategies to preserve the remaining wild populations.Â  This study aimed to identify two species of Orangutans (Pongo sp.) by means of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms) analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).Â  An approximately 540 bp single fragment of the ND5 gene near the 5â€™-region was PCR amplified for all samples tested.Â  Digestion pattern for both AluI and MseI were different between two groups of ND5 fragments in this study.Â  Present result showed a rapid protocol to identify these two species by means of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analyses of mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA).Â  This technique can be applied easily to rehabilitation centres and zoos to resolve species discrimination problem.Â  Keywords: Orangutans, Pongo sp., Sumatra, Borneo, discrimination
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA FROM RICE FIELDS
Authors: Rusmana Iman , AKHADIYA ALINA
Published: February 2019

Methane is a greenhouse gas and has potency to deplete ozone layer.Â  Rice fields are a significantly sources of atmospheric methane.Â  Chemical fertilizers application in rice fields can increase methane emission. Methanotrophic bacteria are unique in their ability to utilize methane as a sole carbon and energy source.Â  This research was successfully isolating and characterizing methanotrophic bacteria from rice fields in Bogor and Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia.Â  Determination of methane oxidation activity using Gas Chromatography showed that all isolates performed methane oxidation activity.Â  The highest methane oxidation activity was performed by BGM 9 isolate. And DNA amplification of BGM 9 genome was performed single band of mmoX in the size of 500 bp and three bands of pmoAÂ  in the size of 1000, 750 and 500 bp respectively
DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF FUSARIUM SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH GRASSES IN TEN STATES THROUGHOUT PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Authors: IZZATI, M.Z NUR AIN , M.S. SITI NORDAHLIAWATE, , I NOR AZLIZA, , B SALLEH,
Published: February 2019

Fusarium  is one of   the  important genera associated with grasses as saprophytes endophytesand  pathogens A  study was  carried  out  on  distribution  and  diversity  of  Fusarium  speciesassociated  with  two  groups  of   grasses  in  10  states  throughout  Peninsular  Malaysia  ieagricultural  grasses  Oryza  sativa  and  Saccharum  officinarum  and  nonagricultural  grassesAxonopus compressus Centhotheca lappacea Chloris barbata Crysopogon aciculatus Cyanadon dactylonDactyloctenium  aegyptium Digitaria  ciliaris  Echinochloa  colona  Eleusine  indica  Eragrostis  amabilisEragrostis malayana Eragrostis uniloides Ischaemum magnum Panicum brevifolium Panicum millaneumPanicum repens Paspalum  commersonii Paspalum  conjugatum Paspalum orbiculare Pennisetum purpureumSacciolepis  indica Sporobolus diander and Sporobolus  indicus A  total of  474  isolates were singlespored and  identified by morphological characteristics F  semitectum was  frequently  isolated236 followed by F sacchari and F fujikuroi with 154 and 146 respectively The othernine species were F solani 103 F proliferatum 89 F oxysporum 74 F subglutinans65 F  equiseti  55 F  verticillioides  34 F  compactum  25 F  chlamydosporum  11 andF longipes 08 Based on the ShannonWeiner Index F solani was the highest H 262isolated from grasses Species of  Fusarium from O sativa were widely diverse with 11 speciesfollowed by nonagricultural grasses with nine species and S officinarum with only six speciesThis  is  the  first  report on diversity of  Fusarium associated with grasses  in MalaysiaKey words Oryza  sativa  Saccharum  officinarum  nonagricultural  grass  Fusarium  speciesdiversity  and Gramineae
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF CELL CULTURE JATROPHA CURCAS
Authors: ELFAHMI ELFAHMI , ARTRI  , RUSLAN KOMAR
Published: February 2019

Jatropha curcas belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family which has potential economically. This plant has been reported to contain toxic compounds such as curcin and phorbol ester and its derivatives. These compounds may become a problem if J. curcas will be explored as a source of biofuel. In order to provide safety plants, the research on the study of phytochemical and initiation of cell and organ culture have been carried out. J curcas which has been collected from different regions in Indonesia showed to contain relatively the same profile of chemical contents. Dominant compounds that were detected by GCMS are hidrocarbon such asÂ  2-heptenal, decadienal, hexsadecane, pentadecane, cyclooctane etc, fatty acid such as oktadecanoate acid, etthyl linoleate, ethyl stearate, heksadecanoate acid and steroid such as stigmasterol, fucosterol, sitosterol. No phorbol ester and its derivatives have been detected yet by the GCMS method. Callus and suspension cultures of J. curcas have been established to be used for further investigation. Â  Keywords: Jatropha curcas, phytochemical, biofuel, cell culture, steroid, hydrocarbon, fatty acid
EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON SHOOT MULTIPLICATION AND ROOT INDUCTION OF CASSAVA VARIETIES CULTURE IN VITRO
Authors: SUKMADJAJA DEDEN , WIDHIASTUTI HERNI
Published: February 2019

A study on propagation of three superior cassava Manihot esculenta( Crant) varieties i.e.Darul Hidayah, Malang-6 and Adira-4 through tissue culture technique was conducted at theTissue Culture Lab of SEAMEO BIOTROP, Bogor. The objective of the experiment was tostudy effect of plant growth regulators on Manihot esculenta propagation, which can be used in cassavamicropropagation protocol. Plant materials used were auxiliary shoots of a stem node. Theexperiment consisted of (i) shoot multiplication, (ii) roots induction, and (iii) acclimatization.The multiple shoot regeneration was observed by using Murashige & Skoog (MS) basal mediasupplemented with 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L of benzylaminopurine (BAP) combined with 0.0,0.1 and 1.0mg/L of thidiazuron. The root induction was observed by using 0.1 and 1.0mg/Lof IBA and NAA. The resulting plantlets were transplanted into plastic polybags containingsoil mixed with organic fertilizer (1:1) covered with plastic sheets and transferred to agreenhouse. The result of the study showed that the highest number of shoots for DarulHidayah, Malang-6 and Adira-4 varieties were 4.93 shoots treated with BAP 1 mg/L +thidiazuron 0.1 mg/L, 4.20 shoots at BAP media of 1 mg/L, and 7.20 shoots at the mediaof BAP 1 mg/L + thidiazuron 0.1 mg/L respectively. The highest number of nodes producedwas 2.9 nodes for Darul Hidayah at BAP 5 mg/L, 5.13 nodes for Malang-6 at BAP 0.1 mg/L,and 6.18 nodes forAdira-4 at BAP 5mg/L + thidiazuron 1mg/L. The utilization of auxin IAAor NAA could induce and accelerate the growth of roots which finally could increase thesuccess of acclimatization process. With an average of four multiplication factors of eachculture period, the potency of each cassava shoot propagated through tissue culture couldproduce around 37 000 plants/year. Keywords:Manihot esculenta, shoot multiplication, root induction, BA, thidiazuron, IBA,NAA
Callus induction of cottoni seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty) collected from Natuna Islands, Riau Islands Province.
Authors: Sulistiani Erina
Published: February 2019

The objective of this study was to obtain the optimal medium for callus induction from thallus explants off Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) and to regenerate filamentous callus from induced callus. Before cultured cottonii seaweeds collected from the Natuna Islands (Riau Islands Province) were acclimatized in greenhouse and in semi-sterile culture in the laboratory. Sterilized explants were cultured on PES and Conwy media solidified with 0.8% Bacto Agar. In each of these media two combinations of plant growth regulators i.e. BA+IAA and BA+NAA were added. The concentrations of BA used were 0, 0.5, 1 mg/l, the concentrations of IAA were 0, 2.5, 5 mg/l, whereas the concentration of NAA were 0, 0.5, 1 mg/l. The result indicated that the optimal medium for callus induction was PES solidified medium supplemented with BA 1 mg/l. Types of callus formed were (a) white compact callus, (b) white filamentous callus, (c) greenish/brownish callus. Regeneration of callus into clumps offilament had been done by subculturing the callus into PES solidified medium supplemented with BA 1 mg/l + IAA 2.5 mg/l
Pandiá Calógeras e as Fontes de Energia na República Velha
Authors: Magalhães Gildo
Published: February 2019

Pandiá Calógeras, um nome hoje relativamente esquecido, pertenceu à geração que tentou construir a República brasileira. Suas ideias políticas o lançaram no tumulto de embates partidários, com vitórias e insucessos. Engenheiro, enfrentou grandes desafios nacionais, em que seu dinamismo de executor o distinguiu, ocupando cargos ministeriais de importância. Apesar de seu pragmatismo, foi adepto do planejamento para encontrar boas soluções. Foi também diplomata e escritor, gozando de grande popularidade em sua época. Neste artigo pretende-se mostrar como Calógeras tinha uma visão abrangente das fontes de energia e como pensava que o país deveria desenvolvê-las.
Aspects of work and sleep associated with work ability in regular aviation pilots
Authors: Pellegrino Pollyanna , Marqueze Elaine Cristina
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the association of work organization and sleep aspects with work ability in regular aviation pilots. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 1,234 regular aviation pilots who worked domestic and international flights, affiliated with the Brazilian Association of Civil Aviation Pilots. Data collection employed online questionnaire. We compared proportions using Pearson’s Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact hypothesis tests. Then, we conducted Poisson analysis, with robust variance, to test factors associated with moderate or low work ability. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate or low work ability was 43.3%. We found that selfperception of insufficient sleep (PR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.06–1.57), increased perception for fatigue (PR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.24–1.84), more than 65 flight hours per month (PR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.01–1.46), less than 10 days of time off per month (PR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.04–1.55), and frequent operational delays (PR = 1.23; 95%CI 1.02–1.48) were factors associated with moderate or low work ability. CONCLUSIONS: Work organization was a determining factor for decreased work ability, especially concerning aspects related to rest and its influence on the sleep of pilots.
Dental care for early childhood in Brazil
Authors: Essvein Gustavo , Baumgarten Alexandre , Rech Rafaela Soares , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Neves Matheus
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether characteristics of health services, oral health team and dental surgeon are associated with provision of dental care for children up to five years old in Brazilian Primary Health Care. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 18,114 oral health teams in Brazil, evaluated in 2014 by the National Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care. The study outcome was the proven performance of dental procedures on children up to five years old. Statistical analysis was performed by Poisson regression based on a hierarchical model, where the first level was composed of service organization variables, the intermediate level composed of unit planning characteristics, and the proximal level composed of variables related to dental surgeon characteristics. RESULTS: Prevalence of dental care performed by oral health teams was 80.9% (n = 14,239). Scheduled appointments and activities of education in health were positively associated with the outcome, as well as planning and programming activities for the population and monitoring and analysis of oral health indicators. Complementary training in public health, continuing education activities and career plan were variables related to dental surgeons associated with the service provision. CONCLUSIONS: One fifth of health units in Brazil do not provide dental care for children in early childhood. Health units’ well-structured organization and planning protocols are associated with the provision of this service, as well as better employment relationship and graduate activities for dental surgeons.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire (QPCQ)
Authors: Nunes Rodrigo Dias , Parma Gabriel Cremona , Campo Andressa Cardoso de , Locatelli Paula , Traebert Jefferson
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE: To translate and to observe the psychometric measures of the Brazilian version of the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire. METHODS: The translation protocol followed the standards of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. Descriptive statistics were performed to identify characteristics of 280 literate postpartum women in a public hospital. We examined the internal consistency using Cronbach’s alfa. To determine the test-retest reproducibility and the instrument’s stability, we performed the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland and Altman plot between two applications. We investigated the item’s properties using the item response theory. RESULTS: The overall Cronbach’s alpha index was 0.975. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.995 (95%CI 0.993–0.996) and a uniform distribution was visualized at the Bland and Altman plot. The item response theory identified the discriminatory power and the difficulty level of the instrument and of each item. The instrument showed acute angulation of the expected total score, and good concentrate information and good standard error curves, preserving the latent construct and its original items. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis concluded that the Brazilian version of the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire is a high-quality, reliable and valid questionnaire to determine the quality of prenatal care among Brazilian women. The questionnaire is suitable for the cultural context represented.
Validation of an anxiety scale for prenatal diagnostic procedures
Authors: Kindermann Lucas , Traebert Jefferson , Nunes Rodrigo Dias
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Prenatal Diagnostic Procedures Anxiety Scale questionnaire for application in the Brazilian cultural context. METHODS: The translation and back translation processes followed internationally accepted criteria. A committee of experts evaluated the semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalence, proposing a pre-final version that was applied in 10.0% of the final sample. Afterwards, the final version was approved for the psychometric analysis. At that stage, 55 pregnant women participated which responded to the proposed Brazilian version before taking an ultrasound examination at a public hospital in Santa Catarina, in the year of 2017. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used as an external reliability parameter. The internal consistency of the instrument was obtained by Cronbach’s alpha. Validation was performed by exploratory factorial analysis with extraction of principal components by the Kaiser-Guttman method and Varimax rotation. RESULTS: The Cronbach’s alpha value of the total instrument was 0.886, and only the percentage of variance from item 2 (0.183) was not significant. The Kaiser-Guttman criterion defined three factors responsible for explaining 78.5% of the variance, as well as the Scree plot. Extraction of the main components by the Varimax method presented values from 0.713 to 0.926, with only item 2 being allocated in the third component. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian version is reliable and valid for use in the diagnosis of anxiety related to the performance of ultrasound procedures in prenatal care. Due to the lack of correlation with the rest of the construct, it is suggested that item 2 be removed from the final version.
Socioeconomic inequality in dietary intake begins before 24 months in Brazilian children
Authors: Rinaldi Ana Elisa Madalena , Conde Wolney Lisboa
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE: To assess dietary patterns by socioeconomic gradient of Brazilian infants and young children in 2006 and 2013. METHODS: Data from the National Demographic Survey (2006) and the National Health Survey (2013) were used. Food intake were described by wealth index, age range and survey year. Dietary patterns were defined by principal component analysis. Association of wealth index and dietary patterns were modelled using linear regression. RESULTS: Breast milk intake was higher for poor infants and young children, while fresh food intake (fruits, vegetables, meats, beans) was higher for the richer ones in 2006 and 2013. Biscuits and sweetened beverages were more consumed by rich infants and young children in 2006 and by poor and rich children in 2013. Three dietary patterns (DP1, DP2, and DP3) were identified in 2006 and four in 2013 (DP1, DP2, DP3, and DP4). DP1 was composed mainly of fresh foods, and it was positively associated with the wealth index for infants and young children in both years. DP2 was composed of biscuits, cookies and sweetened beverages, and it was positively associated with the wealth index for young children in 2006 and for poor and rich infants and young children in 2013. DP3 was composed of milk, water and porridge in both years, and it was not associated with the wealth index. DP4 was composed of breast milk and porridge, and it was negatively associated with the wealth index. CONCLUSIONS: DP1 is a characteristic pattern for richer infants and young children since 2006, while DP2 is a characteristic pattern for all infants and young children in 2013, regardless of wealth index. Dietary inequality between the poor and the rich seems to begin in childhood.
Assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Silva Shana Ginar da , Bertoldi Andréa Dâmaso , Silveira Mariângela Freitas da , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues , Evenson Kelly R , Santos Iná Silva dos
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of successful assisted reproductive technology and to identify the associated factors. METHODS: This population-based birth cohort study was carried out with 4,333 pregnant women expected to deliver in 2015 in the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Use of an assisted reproductive technology procedure, type of assisted reproductive technology [in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection or artificial insemination], number of embryos transferred, success of embryo transfer, number of attempts, and reported reasons for seeking assisted reproductive technology were the main outcomes measured. Use of an assisted reproductive technology procedure was analyzed according to sociodemographic, nutritional, reproductive history, and behavioral characteristics. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 4,275 newborns enrolled in the Pelotas 2015 Birth Cohort Study, 18 births (0.4%) were conceived by assisted reproductive technology. Most cases of assisted reproductive technology were by in vitro fertilization (70.6%). All cycles were performed in private clinics under direct out-of-pocket payment. Even after controlling for confounders, maternal age > 35 years, nulliparity and high family monthly income were strongly associated with assisted reproductive technology. CONCLUSIONS: The use of assisted reproductive technology services was reported by only a few women in the Pelotas 2015 Birth Cohort Study. Our study highlights sociodemographic factors associated to assisted reproductive technology procedures. To better understand the patterns and barriers in overall use of assisted reproductive technology services over time, national-level trend studies in assisted reproductive technology treatments and outcomes, as well as studies exploring the characteristics of women who have sought this kind of treatment are needed in low-middle income countries.
Extended Protective Shield Under Table to Reduce Operator Radiation Dose in Percutaneous Coronary Procedures
Authors: Sciahbasi Alessandro , Sarandrea Alessandro , Rigattieri Stefano , Patrizi Roberto , Cera Maria , Di Russo Cristian , Zezza Luigi , Fedele Silvio , Ferraiuolo Giuseppe
Published: February 2019

Background:

Different tools and devices are effective to reduce operator radiation exposure at thorax level during percutaneous coronary procedures, but the operator radiation dose received at pelvic region still remains high. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of under-the-table adjunctive shields to reduce operator radiation exposure during percutaneous coronary procedures

Methods and Results:

The EXTRA-RAD study (Extended Protective Shield Under Table to Reduce Operator Radiation Dose in Percutaneous Coronary Procedures) is a prospective, single-center, randomized study. Patients who underwent transradial coronary procedures were randomized into 2 groups: group 1 (standard arrangement) and group 2 (adjunctive anti-rx shield under the angiographic table). In group 2, a further randomization was performed to compare 2 different under-the-table shields (a small curtain and a drape). A total of 205 procedures (122 diagnostic coronary angiographies and 83 percutaneous coronary interventions) performed in 157 patients by 4 different operators were included without significant differences in clinical and procedural characteristics between groups. The use of adjunctive shields was associated with lower radiation dose compared with no shield at pelvic region (42 µSv [14–98] in group 1, 13 µSv [5–27] in group 2;
P
<0.0001) and also at thorax level (4 µSv [1–13] in group 1, 2 µSv [1–4] in group 2;
P
=0.001). The reduction in dose was observed in all the operators. No significant differences were observed in pelvic dose using the 2 different shields (
P
=0.183).

Conclusions:

The use of adjunctive anti-rx shields under the angiographic table during transradial coronary procedures is associated with a significant lower radiation dose to operators at pelvic and thorax level.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03259126.
CDC42 Deletion Elicits Cerebral Vascular Malformations via Increased MEKK3-Dependent KLF4 Expression
Authors: Castro Marco , Laviña Bàrbara , Ando Koji , Álvarez-Aznar Alberto , Abu Taha Abdallah , Brakebusch Cord , Dejana Elisabetta , Betsholtz Christer , Gaengel Konstantin
Published: February 2019

Rationale:

Aberrant formation of blood vessels precedes a broad spectrum of vascular complications; however, the cellular and molecular events governing vascular malformations are not yet fully understood.

Objective:

Here, we investigated the role of CDC42 (cell division cycle 42) during vascular morphogenesis and its relative importance for the development of cerebrovascular malformations.

Methods and Results:

To avoid secondary systemic effects often associated with embryonic gene deletion, we generated an endothelial-specific and inducible knockout approach to study postnatal vascularization of the mouse brain. Postnatal endothelial-specific deletion of
Cdc42
elicits cerebrovascular malformations reminiscent of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). At the cellular level, loss of CDC42 function in brain endothelial cells (ECs) impairs their sprouting, branching morphogenesis, axial polarity, and normal dispersion within the brain tissue. Disruption of CDC42 does not alter EC proliferation, but malformations occur where EC proliferation is the most pronounced during brain development—the postnatal cerebellum—indicating that a high, naturally occurring EC proliferation provides a permissive state for the appearance of these malformations. Mechanistically, CDC42 depletion in ECs elicited increased MEKK3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3)-MEK5 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5)-ERK5 (extracellular signal–regulated kinase 5) signaling and consequent detrimental overexpression of KLF (Kruppel-like factor) 2 and KLF4, recapitulating the hallmark mechanism for CCM pathogenesis. Through genetic approaches, we demonstrate that the coinactivation of
Klf4
reduces the severity of vascular malformations in
Cdc42
mutant mice. Moreover, we show that CDC42 interacts with CCMs and that CCM3 promotes CDC42 activity in ECs.

Conclusions:

We show that endothelial-specific deletion of
Cdc42
elicits CCM-like cerebrovascular malformations and that CDC42 is engaged in the CCM signaling network to restrain the MEKK3-MEK5-ERK5-KLF2/4 pathway.
Five-Year Outcome After Off-Pump or On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Elderly Patients
Authors: Diegeler Anno , Börgermann Jochen , Kappert Utz , Hilker Michael , Doenst Torsten , Böning Andreas , Albert Marc , Färber Gloria , Holzhey David , Conradi Lenard , Rieß Friedrich-Christian , Veeckmann Philippe , Minorics Csaba , Zacher Michael , Reents Wilko
Published: February 2019

Background:

The 30-day and 1-year follow-up analysis of the GOPCABE trial (German Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Elderly Patients) revealed no significant difference in the composite end point consisting of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, new renal replacement therapy, or repeat revascularization. The 5-year follow-up data of this trial are reported here.

Methods:

From June 2008 to September 2011, a total of 2539 patients aged ≥75 years were randomly assigned to undergo off-pump or on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at 12 centers in Germany. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 5 years. The secondary 5-year outcomes were a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization. Furthermore, the impact of complete versus incomplete revascularization was assessed.

Results:

After a median follow-up of 5 years, 361 patients (31%) assigned to off-pump CABG and 352 patients (30%) assigned to on-pump CABG had died (hazard ratio off-pump/on-pump CABG, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89–1.19;
P
=0.71). The composite outcome of death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization occurred in 397 (34%) after off-pump and in 389 (33%) after on-pump CABG (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89–1.18;
P
=0.704). Incomplete revascularization occurred in 403 (34%) patients randomly assigned to off-pump and 354 (29%) patients randomly assigned to on-pump CABG (
P
<0.001). Five-year survival rates were 72% (95% CI, 67–76) with incomplete versus 76% (95% CI, 74–80) with complete revascularization (log-rank test:
P
=0.02) after off-pump CABG and 72% (95% CI, 67–76) versus 77% (95% CI, 74–80) after on-pump CABG (log-rank test:
P
=0.03), respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed a hazard ratio incomplete/complete revascularization of 1.19 (95% CI, 1.01–1.39;
P
=0.04).

Conclusions:

In elderly patients ≥75 years of age, the 5-year survival rates and the combined outcome of death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization, as well, were similar after on-pump and off-pump CABG. Incomplete revascularization was associated with a lower 5-year survival rate, irrespective of the type of surgery.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00719667.
Persistent Target Mismatch Profile >24 Hours After Stroke Onset in DEFUSE 3
Authors: Christensen Søren , Mlynash Michael , Kemp Stephanie , Yennu Amarnath , Heit Jeremy J. , Marks Michael P. , Lansberg Maarten G. , Albers Gregory W.
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose—

Efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy has been demonstrated up to 24 hours after stroke onset in patients selected with perfusion imaging. We hypothesized that a persistent favorable perfusion profile exists in some patients beyond 24 hours from the onset and can be predicted by a lower baseline hypoperfusion intensity ratio, which indicates favorable collaterals.

Methods—

We identified control arm patients from the DEFUSE 3 trial (The Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke) with a diffusion weighted imaging and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging performed 24 hours following randomization and compared imaging and clinical variables between patients with persistent mismatch versus patients who no longer had a mismatch 24 hours after randomization.

Results—

Eighteen percent of the control arm patients had a persistent favorable profile >38 hours after last known well time. These patients had similar baseline diffusion weighted imaging and Tmax >6 seconds volumes as patients whose initially favorable perfusion profile became unfavorable (diffusion weighted imaging lesion 7 versus 17 mL;
P
=0.17, Tmax >6 seconds 98 versus 100 mL;
P
=0.48) yet experienced less infarct growth (15 versus 59 mL;
P
<0.001) and had 3-fold smaller infarct volumes (15 versus 59 mL;
P
<0.001) 24 hours after randomization. Patients with a persistent favorable perfusion profile had a significantly lower hypoperfusion intensity ratio on baseline imaging (0.2 versus 0.4;
P
<0.01). Favorable clinical outcome at 90 days occurred in only 10% of the persistent mismatch patients.

Conclusions—

About 20% of patients with a middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery occlusion who present in an extended time window and are not treated with thrombectomy have a persistent mismatch for at least an additional 24 hours. These patients have a favorable hypoperfusion intensity ratio at presentation, may experience delayed infarct expansion, and have poor clinical outcomes. Clinical trials are needed to determine if patients with a favorable perfusion profile benefit from reperfusion beyond 24 hours.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02586415.
Climate Change and Indigenous Akan Religio-Cultural Practices
Authors: Awuah-Nyamekye Samuel
Published: February 2019

Most national and international discussions have not seriously recognized the role religio-cultural practices of indigenous Africans can play in mitigating the effects of climate change. This paper, examines the contribution the indigenous people can make towards the mitigation of the effects of climate change, using the Akan of Ghana as a case study. Mostly, indigenous people who are the major stakeholders in land use in Ghana are marginalized when policies aimed at reducing environmental degradation are made. This has resulted in low gains in the fight against environmental degradation despite several interventions in Ghana. A recent report puts Ghana into a net-emitter of GHG bracket. This means the country has to embark on a Low Carbon Development Strategy to address the situation. This paper, therefore argues that unless indigenous people—major stakeholders of land use—are duly involved; it will be difficult to address the effects of climate change in Ghana.
Binding the United Nations to Customary (Human Rights) Law
Authors: Quénivet Noëlle
Published: February 2019

Whilst most legal scholarship focuses on the responsibility of the United Nations for human rights violations few studies have ascertained the legal basis of the primary rules leading to such responsibility. This article fills this gap by reviewing the theories used to bind the UN to customary human rights law: (1) the UN has inherited its member states’ obligations, (2) participation in the formation of customary human rights law implies being bound by it, (3) the UN is bound by international law because it has legal personality and (4) as the UN is embedded in international law it must comply with its norms. Such theories are further tested against the backdrop of international organizations’ theories. The article draws the conclusion that (1) should be rejected, (2) is not yet legally sound and (3)-(4), despite their flaws, are more persuasive. Ultimately, recourse must be had to general international law.
‘Allahı Zikr Edilim’ (Let Us Do Zikr for Allah): The Sabbatian Appropriation of the Sufi Practice of Zikr as Religious Renewal
Authors: Feldman Samet Hadar
Published: February 2019

This article introduces the idea of religious renewal as it was manifested in the ritual practices of the Sabbatian Maʾaminim of Salonica – followers of Shabbtai Tzvi who converted from Judaism to Islam during the 1680s, in the footsteps of their Messiah. The religious renewal of the Maʾaminim is demonstrated by the appropriation of the Sufi-Muslim practice, known as zikr, as part of their ritual singing. The appropriation of zikr practices by the Maʾaminim is understood in the context of the rise of this practice throughout all of Ottoman Muslim society, specifically as part of ilahi singing, demonstrating religious innovation in Ottoman culture at the beginning of the modern era.
Body Temperature and the Sense of Time: A Translation of Francois (1927) with a Commentary
Authors: Wearden J. H.
Published: February 2019

The main body of the text presents an English translation of the article by François (1927) on body temperature and time judgements. In summary, François used diathermy, the passage of high-frequency electric current through the body, to change body temperature in three young female participants. Two timing tasks: tapping at a rate that was usually 3/s, and adjusting a variable-speed metronome to a rate judged to be 4/s were used. In general, increases in body temperature shortened the intervals produced, but lengthened duration estimates. The author also discusses (a) the potential use of diurnal variation in body temperature, (b) the use of pulse rate as a predictor of time judgements, and (c) the use of febrile patients. The translation is followed by a short commentary focussing on later studies of body temperature and time judgements, and studies of aspects of heart rate and time judgements.
Gastrodia fujianensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Gastrodieae), a new species from China
Authors: MA LIANG , CHEN XIN-YAN , LIU JIANG-FENG , CHEN SHI-PIN
Published: February 2019

Gastrodia Brown (1810: 330) (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Gastrodieae) is composed of approximately 90 species with a broad Old World distribution (Pridgeon et al. 2005, Chen et al. 2009, Cribb et al. 2010, Huang et al. 2015, Hsu et al. 2016, Jin et al. 2017, Aung et al. 2018, Suetsugu 2017, Suetsugu et al. 2018). During a survey of native plants in Fujian Province, an unknown species of Gastrodia was collected in August 2018 from the evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuyishan National Park. A detailed examination of the specimens with similar species morphologically, G. fontinalis Lin (1987: 129), G. major Averyanov (2006: 21), G. punctata Averyanov (2006: 21) and G. huapingensis Huang, Hu & Liu (2015: 290), and two other species recorded from Fujian, G. elata Blume (1856: 174) and G. wuyishanensis Li & Liu (2007: 354), we confirmed it as a new species.
A new species of Paradiplogynium (Acari: Diplogyniidae) from Titanolabis colossea (Dohrn) (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae), Australia's largest earwig
Authors: SEEMAN OWEN D.
Published: February 2019

Paradiplogynium nahmani sp. n. is described from three specimens taken from the Colossus Earwig Titanolabis colossea (Dohrn) in Australia. This new species differs from its only congeneric species, Paradiplogynium panesthia Womersley, by its larger body size and presence of one pair of latigynial setae (instead of two pairs). Setal designations are given for leg setae. Leg chaetotaxy for this species is compared with previous data and is generally, but not entirely, consistent with other Diplogyniidae.
Narcissia ahearnae, a new species of sea star from the Western Atlantic (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Valvatida)
Authors: PAWSON DAVID L.
Published: February 2019

Narcissia ahearnae, new species, is described from off the east coast of Florida and the Bahamas, in depths of 53–135 m. It is distinctive in having conspicuous undulating carinal ridges extending from the center of the disc along the upper surfaces of the arms.
Corumbataia britskii (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae) a new species from the upper Rio Paraná basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil
Authors: FERREIRA KATIANE M. , RIBEIRO ALEXANDRE C.
Published: February 2019

A new Hypoptopomatinae, Corumbataia britskii, is described based on specimens recently collected in a tributary of the upper Rio Paraná basin, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Corumbataia britskii differs from its congeners by having a more depressed head profile (vs. a more rounded head profile in C. cuestae and C. tocantinensis), by having a more developed and conspicuous tuft of enlarged odontodes on the tip of the supraoccipital (vs. its reduced condition found in C. cuestae and C. tocantinensis), and by heaving a partially enclosed arrector fossae (vs. an almost completely enclosed arrector fossae in C. cuestae and C. tocantinensis).
A new species of the genus Philothermus Aubé (Coleoptera: Cerylonidae) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A.
Authors: GIMMEL MATTHEW L. , SLIPINSKI ADAM
Published: February 2019

A new species of cerylonid with reduced eyes from the Great Smoky Mountains, Philothermus stephani sp. n., is described and illustrated. A revised key to the North American species of Philothermus is presented.
Three new species of Icaia Linnavuori (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Peru and distinction of the genus from Athysanella Baker
Authors: ZAHNISER JAMES N. , HICKS ANDREW
Published: February 2019

Four undescribed species of Icaia Linnavuori were identified from collections in montane grasslands of Peru. Three of these are illustrated and described as new species, and the remaining species, known only from one female, is illustrated. The new species are I. straminea sp. nov., I. laoroya sp. nov., and I. cygnus sp. nov. A comparative study of 18 morphological characters for 14 species of Icaia and Athysanella Baker was undertaken to reassess their current circumscriptions. Parsimony analysis of these characters recovered each genus as a monophyletic group and the strict consensus tree is presented to provide a preliminary view of the generic and subgeneric phylogeny of this New World group of Chiasmini. Several derived characters of the male genitalia were found that unite most of the species currently placed in Athysanella. However, three species currently placed in A. (Diphipyga) retain the plesiomorphic states for these characters. A. (Diphipyga) is reinterpreted to contain only these three species, A. (D.) mexicana Johnson, A. (D.) nimbata Ball & Beamer, and A. (D.) secunda Blocker & Wesley. Athysanella rubicunda Ball & Beamer and A. triodana Ball & Beamer are reinstated in Athysanella (Amphipyga). No uniquely identifying and universally shared characters were found that unite all species of Icaia, but a combination of similarities in external morphology and male genitalia to described species of Icaia, a lack of characters that define other genera of Chiasmini, and their South American distribution allow placement of the new species into Icaia.
A new species of Polyonyx Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Porcellanidae) from the Philippines and Loyalty Islands
Authors: OSAWA MASAYUKI
Published: February 2019

A new porcellanid crab, Polyonyx spina, is described from the Philippines and Loyalty Islands. Among the Indo-West Pacific species of the genus, the spines on the flexor margins of the meri of the ambulatory legs are found only in the new species and P. pedalis Nobili, 1905. Polyonyx spina is distinguished from P. pedalis by the shape of the carapace and third thoracic sternite, and the strength of spines on the meri of the ambulatory legs.
Description of three new species of Neoperla (Plecoptera: Perlidae) and a historical review of tropical Southeast Asian Perlidae
Authors: CAO THI KIM THU , HAM1 SOON AH , BAE YEON JAE
Published: February 2019

The stonefly family Perlidae has successfully invaded tropical Southeast Asian streams. In this paper, three new species of Neoperla Needham, N. sungi, sp. nov., N. tamdao, sp. nov., and N. yentu, sp. nov., are described from tropical Vietnam with line drawings of key characters. A brief historical review of investigations and trends in tropical Southeast Asian Perlidae diversity, including a species checklist, is provided.
A new genus and a new species of the tribe Mithymnini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Nogodinidae) from Namibia, with sternal sensory pits in the adult
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M. , WILSON MICHAEL R.
Published: February 2019

A new genus and a new species of the tribe Mithymnini – Fovealvus nama sp. nov. is described from Namibia. Fovealvus gen. nov. differs from all other genera of the tribe due to the presence of large sensory pits on VI and VII abdominal sternites in the adult.
A new species and a key to known species of the genus Atractomorpha (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Pyrgomorphidae) from China
Authors: YIN XIANG-CHU , SHI JIAN-PING
Published: February 2019

A new species, Atractomorpha taiwanensis sp. n. from Taiwan, China, is described in this paper. The new species is similar to A. micropenna Zheng, 1992, but it differs from the latter by the following: lateral lobe of pronotum without membranous area near posterior margin; the tegmina strongly shortened, not reaching (in male) the midpoint of hind femur; and wings very small, not reaching the midpoint of tegmina. A key to all known species of the genus Atractomorpha from China is given. The type specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University, China.
First record of Epistylis plicatilis (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) attached to Pomacea canaliculata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Southern Brazil
Authors: UTZ LAURA R.P.
Published: February 2019

A more complete morphological characterization of Epistylis plicatilis Ehrenberg, 1831, a colonial peritrich epibiotic on the gastropod Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) in two freshwater environments in Southern Brazil was provided in the present study. The colonial sessile E. plicatilis possessed elongate zooids that range in size in vivo from 105.0 to187.5 μ m in length and from 25.0 to 52.5 μ m in width. The cell had a single contractile vacuole located near the peristome. A “C-shaped” macronucleus lay in the middle of the cell. Colonies of E. plicatilis had up to 100 zooids, but the majority possessed 10–20 zooids that were similar in size. The oral ciliature revealed by the protargol staining technique consisted of an outer haplokinety and an inner polykinety that performs approximately 1 ½ turns around the perimeter of the peristome before entering the infundibulum. Three infundibular polykineties each consisting of three rows of kinetosomes were identified. This is the first record of E. plicatilis in Brazil.
Comparison of the cryptic nematode species Caenorhabditis brenneri sp. n. and C. remanei (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with the stem species pattern of the Caenorhabditis Elegans group
Authors: SUDHAUS WALTER , KIONTKE KARIN
Published: February 2019

The new gonochoristic member of the Caenorhabditis Elegans group, C. brenneri sp. n., is described. This species is reproductively isolated at the postmating level from its sibling species, C. remanei. Between these species, only minute morphological differences are found, but there are substantial genetic differences. The stem species pattern of the Elegans group is reconstructed. C. brenneri sp. n. deviates from this character pattern only in small diagnostic characters. In mating tests of C. brenneri sp. n. females with C. remanei males, fertilization takes place and juveniles occasionally hatch. In the reverse combination, no offspring were observed. Individuals from widely separated populations of each species can be crossed successfully (e.g. C. brenneri sp. n. populations from Guadeloupe and Sumatra, or C. remanei populations from Japan and Germany). Both species have been isolated only from anthropogenic habitats, rich in decomposing organic material. C. brenneri sp. n. is distributed circumtropically, C. remanei is only found in northern temperate regions. To date, no overlap of the ranges was found. Hypotheses to explain the allopatric distribution of the two species are discussed. One suggests that the speciation center for the Elegans group was in East Asia, and globally distributed members dispersed from there.
Three new Old World species of the leafhopper genus Scaphoideus Uhler (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)
Authors: WEBB M. D. , VIRAKTAMATH C. A.
Published: February 2019

Three new species of Scaphoideus Uhler, S. dellagiustinai sp. nov. from N. Africa (Burkina Faso) and S. France (Montpelier), S. unimaculatus sp. nov. from E. Africa (Uganda) and S. quangtriensis sp. nov. from Vietnam, are described and figured. The three species are compared to the similar S. rubroguttatus Matsumura and S. baeticus Distant and figures are provided for these and Scaphoideus albosignatus (Distant) (Platyretus), comb. nov.
The Porcellanidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) of the Red Sea with description of a new species of Petrolisthes
Authors: WERDING BERND , HILLER ALEXANDRA
Published: February 2019

The porcellanid crabs from the Red Sea are revised based on museum collections. A complete compilation of all species known from the Red Sea is presented, including four new records of species for that region. Petrolisthes aegyptiacus n. sp. is described on the basis of an old collection of porcellanids from the Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart. The presence of Petrolisthes lamarckii in the Red Sea is confirmed and a single specimen, which corresponds in its general characters to Petrolisthes donanensis from Japan, is reported. Porcellanella haigae is reported based on photographs from a field guide. As a result, 18 species are now known to occur in the Red Sea. Figures of all known species are included and an identification key to the species is provided.
A new subfamily, Vulcanocalliacinae n.subfam., for Vulcanocalliax arutyunovi n.gen., n.sp. from a mud volcano in the Gulf of Cádiz (Crustacea, Decapoda, Callianassidae)
Authors: DWORSCHAK PETER C. , CUNHA MARINA R.
Published: February 2019

A new ghost shrimp, Vulcanocalliax arutyunovi n.gen. n.sp., is described and accommodated in the new subfamily Vulcanocalliacinae. This subfamily shares with the Bathycalliacinae Sakai & Türkay, 1999 the presence of epipods on the third maxilliped and the first four pairs of pereopods, but differs by the absence of cardiac sulci and a dorsomedian carina. This is the second record of a thalassinidean crustacean from deep-sea chemoautotrophic communities.
Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: FROEHLICH CLAUDIO G.
Published: February 2019

Anacroneuria ofaye sp. n., A. guaikuru sp. n. and A. payagua sp. n. are described from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Anacroneuria. genualis (Navás) and A. melzeri (Navás), presumably from the same state, are redescribed.
The genera of the Neotropical armored catfish subfamily Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): a practical key and synopsis
Authors: COVAIN RAPHAEL , FISCH-MULLER SONIA
Published: February 2019

The subfamily Loricariinae belongs to the Neotropical mailed catfish family Loricariidae. Members of Loricariinae are recognized by their long and flattened caudal peduncle and absence of an adipose fin. Despite important studies conducted on this group, no comprehensive generic key is presently available. A Hill & Smith (1976) analysis and cluster analysis were performed on external morphological characters taken from specimens or borrowed from the literature. The two main groups recognized correspond to the tribes Harttiini and Loricariini. Within the Loricariini, four morphological groups were found: the Rineloricaria group, the Loricariichthys group, the Loricaria group, and the Pseudohemiodon group. Results of these analyses were used to construct a practical key to thirty genera, followed by a synopsis for each genus.