bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A high-entropy cathode catalyst with multiphase catalytic capability of Li2O2 and Li2CO3 enabling ultralong cycle life in Li–air batteries
Authors: Li Xia , Zhang Guoliang , Zhang Dongmei , Yang Ruonan , Yu Han , Zhang Xiuqi , Lian Gang , Hou Hua , Guo Zhanhu , Hou Chuanxin , Yang Xiaoyang , Dang Feng
Published: October 2024

High entropy design guidance enables a modulated broad d-band of cathode catalyst with efficient d–p coupling for all reactants, realizing multiphasic catalytic capability of Li2O2 and Li2CO3 and ultralong cycle life in Li–air and Li–CO2 batteries.
Heterojunction lithiation engineering and diffusion-induced defect passivation for highly efficient Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells
Authors: Liu Cong , Gong Anweng , Zuo Chen , Liu Tao , Liang Xiaoyang , Ren Donglou , Shen Kai , Zheng Jianzha , Xue Qifan , Li Zhiqiang , Schropp Ruud E. I. , Zou Bingsuo , Mai Yaohua
Published: October 2024

A heterojunction lithiation strategy has been developed to achieve a certified efficiency of 10.50%, which is the record efficiency for all of the Sb-based solar cells.
The effect of aliovalent dopants on the structural and transport properties of Li6La2BaTa2O12 garnet Li-ion solid electrolytes
Authors: Amores Marco , Baker Peter J. , Cussen Edmund J. , Cussen Serena A.
Published: October 2024

The role of aliovalent doping on LBLTO garnet is unveiled by PXRD, XAS, EIS and μSR. Transport is hampered by the lower Li+ concentration and vacancy deactivation through the presence of the dopant in both tetrahedral and octahedral sites.
Re-engineering lysozyme solubility and activity through surfactant complexation
Authors: Mu Jiaming , Mao Leran , Andrews Gavin P. , Carmali Sheiliza
Published: October 2024

Enhancing surfactant chemistry and surfactant:enzyme ratios improves enzyme lipophilicity, activity and thermal stability. This chemical control enables advanced healthcare and biocatalysis applications.
Direct restoration of photocurable cross-linkers for repeated light-based 3D printing of covalent adaptable networks
Authors: Nguyen Loc Tan , Du Prez Filip E.
Published: October 2024

Photocurable dynamic cross-linkers based on β-amino esters have been successfully synthesized. The direct restoration of such cross-linkers, enabled by a catalyst- and solvent-free protocol, is established for repeated DLP 3D printing.
Upconversion circularly polarized luminescence of cholesteric liquid crystal polymer networks with NaYF4:Yb,Tm UCNPs
Authors: Xu Liting , Li Yi , Liu Wei , Yang Yonggang
Published: October 2024

Upconversion-CPL-active CLCN films were investigated using left- and right-handed circular polarizers, and a |gcallum| value up to 1.73 was obtained.
An ionic Cu9Na4-phenylsilsesquioxane/bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium complex: synthesis, unique structure, and catalytic activity
Authors: Bilyachenko Alexey N. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Huang Zhibin , Dubinina Kristina D. , Shubina Elena S. , Lobanov Nikolai N. , Sun Di , Alegria Elisabete C. B. A. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: October 2024

The first example of a metallasilsesquioxane/phosphazene compound, a Cu9Na4-based complex, exhibits high catalytic activity in toluene oxidation.
Holistic insights into carbon nanotubes and MXenes as a promising route to bio-sensing applications
Authors: Solangi Nadeem Hussain , Karri Rama Rao , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Mazari Shaukat Ali , Sharma Bharat Prasad
Published: October 2024

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MXenes are promising as targeted sensing agents in advanced functional materials. MXenes are more suitable for biosensing applications due to their versatility and compatibility with aquatic environments.
Photocatalytic difunctionalization of arylalkenes with quinoxalinones and dialkyl dithiophosphoric acids
Authors: Wang Zhen
Published: October 2024

The photoredox eosin Y-catalyzed difunctionalization of alkenes with quinoxalinones and dialkyl dithiophosphoric acids was realized. This reaction exhibited excellent functional group compatibility.
A general strategy for the in situ construction of CoSe2–MSex@GA (M = Zn, Ni, and Fe) heterostructures for effective sodium storage
Authors: Xu Zhengzheng , Li Yanjiao , Li Shiqi , Chen Yingying , Farahmandjou Majid , Wang Guoxiu , Yang Hongxun , Tian Hao
Published: October 2024

A facile and general strategy is developed for constructing graphene aerogels with in situ encapsulated bimetallic selenide heterostructure materials exhibiting high rate-capabilities and long cycling stabilities in sodium-ion batteries.
Insights into the molecular interactions between urease subunit gamma from MRSA and drugs: an integrative approach by STD-NMR and molecular docking studies
Authors: Fatima Anum , Choudhary M. Iqbal , Siddiqui Shezaib , Zafar Humaira , Hu Kaifeng , Wahab Atia-tul
Published: October 2024

This study identified 15 FDA-approved drugs that interact with the urease subunit gamma of MRSA 252, potentially inhibiting its activity and offering new avenues for MRSA treatment.
Ultrasound-assisted formation of composite materials from fish scale waste hydroxyapatite in the presence of gamma-irradiated chitosan for the removal of malachite green
Authors: Keanjun Nattaporn , Rattanawongwiboon Thitirat , Sricharoen Phitchan , Laksee Sakchai , Saengsane Naengnoi , Thepchuay Yanisa , Porrawatkul Paweena , Pimsen Rungnapa , Kuyyogsuy Arnannit , Nuengmatcha Prawit , Chanthai Saksit , Subsadsana Maliwan , Limchoowong Nunticha
Published: October 2024

The fish processing sector produces millions of tons of trash annually—a biologically dangerous substance that could eventually turn into a source of pathogenic contamination.
Direct patterning of liquid materials on flat and curved substrates using flexible molds with through-hole and post arrays
Authors: Chae Youngchul , Bae Juyeol , Kim Taesung
Published: October 2024

Liquids undergo continuous deformation in the presence of external shear stresses; however, they are pinned between structures owing to their viscosity.
A multi-functional protective material with atomically dispersed zincophilic sites enabling long-life zinc anodes
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Wei Hongyu , Zhou Yitong , Wen Weidong , Zhang Lin , Yu Xin-Yao
Published: October 2024

Bi single atoms-doped carbon with atomically dispersed zincophilic sites is employed as a multi-functional protective material for high-performance zinc anode.
Lysosome–targeting chimeras containing an endocytic signaling motif trigger endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of cell-surface proteins
Authors: Fang Tong , Zheng Zhenting , Li Na , Zhang Yishu , Ma Jing , Yun Chengyu , Cai Xiaoqing
Published: October 2024

We developed signal-mediated lysosome–targeting chimeras (SignalTACs) containing an endocytic signaling motif, which triggers robust internalization and lysosomal degradation of the target protein.
Emerging solid-state cycloaddition chemistry for molecular solar thermal energy storage
Authors: Raju Cijil , Nguyen Han P. Q. , Han Grace G. D.
Published: October 2024

Building on recent advancements, this perspective article examines key design principles that facilitate the use of reversible solid-state cycloaddition reactions for molecular solar thermal energy storage applications.
Metal–organic frameworks: potential synergies with cold atmospheric plasmas for cancer control
Authors: Dai Xiaofeng , Yang Yixuan
Published: October 2024

MOFs can act as cargo-carriers, nano-enzymes, and magnetic MOFs. CAPs, interacting with cell receptors to generate primary and secondary 1O2, may synergize with MOFs for oncotherapy via acting as cargos, substrates, and magnetic sensing agents.
Multimodal luminescence manometers based on a novel organic complex material – Eu(bpyO2)4(PF6)3
Authors: Szymczak Maja , Runowski Marcin , Kwiatek Dorota , Sobczak Szymon , Woźny Przemysław , Kubicki Maciej , Dutkiewicz Grzegorz , Katrusiak Andrzej , Marciniak Lukasz
Published: October 2024

The advancement of ultra-sensitive optical manometers is crucial for exploring the behavior of materials under extreme conditions.
Unravelling the white light emission in a single-phase new stoichiometric vanadate phosphor synthesized by rapid low-temperature one-pot synthesis and its W-LED prototype with high CRI and luminous efficacy
Authors: Dehury Asish K. , Sahoo Manas K. , Kainda Rajeswari , Chaudhary Yatendra S.
Published: October 2024

Schematic showing the synthesis of a new stoichiometric single-phase Ba3V4O13, its vacancy-activated intrinsic white light emission, and the W-LED prototype with CCT ∼ 5998 K, high CRI∼86.1, and LE of ∼128.4 lm W−1.
Monolayer molecular crystal field-effect transistors: advances and perspectives
Authors: Rao Limei , Liu Jie , Jiang Lang
Published: October 2024

To break the limitations of traditional molecular materials in electronic devices, especially in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), developing monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) with the ultimate thickness is crucial.
Impact of an Auditory Processing Training Program on Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Schafer Erin C. , Gopal Kamakshi V. , Mathews Lauren , Miller Sharon , Lam Boji P. W.
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Children and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report and exhibit significant auditory processing difficulties, particularly in background noise. This study extends our previous work by examining the potential benefits of a 12-week auditory processing training (APT) program designed to address the auditory processing difficulties in individuals with ASD via auditory training and the use of remote-microphone technology. Effect sizes of training benefits also were calculated, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to consolidate performance across various tests into fewer meaningful constructs related to auditory processing in this population.

Method:

Twenty-eight children and young adults with ASD participated in a 12-week APT program that included one-on-one speech-in-noise training, computerized dichotic training, and use of remote-microphone technology at home and at school. Before and after training, each participant completed tests of speech recognition in noise, spatial processing, binaural integration, and general auditory processing skills.

Results:

Significant performance improvements and medium-to-large effect sizes were found across most test measures after the participants completed the APT program and when using the remote-microphone system. PCA identified strong relationships among all test measures as well as documented the relationships between behavioral performance, training duration, and training improvements.

Conclusions:

The APT program significantly improved spatial processing, binaural integration, phonological processing, auditory memory, auditory cohesion, and speech recognition in noise in individuals with ASD when the remote-microphone system was used. PCA analysis of pre- and posttraining data showed a strong relationship among all test measures, suggesting an abbreviated auditory processing test battery may be feasible for individuals with ASD. Training duration (minutes) and training improvements were associated with performance outcomes measured by the test battery.
Operator parallel optimization strategy for distributed databases
Authors: LIU Wenjie , LYU Jingchao
Published: October 2024

With the continuous development of network technology, the scale of data has shown explosive growth, which leads gradually to replacing traditional single machine databases with distributed databases. Distributed databases solve large-scale data storage problems through collaborative work among nodes, but due to increased communication costs between nodes, its query efficiency is not as good as a standalone database. In a distributed architecture, the data of storage nodes is only used as redundancy for multiple backups, providing data recovery in case of system failure, and it is not utilized to improve query efficiency. In response to the above issues, this article proposes an operator parallel optimization strategy for distributed databases. By splitting key physical operators, the split sub requests are evenly distributed to multiple nodes in the storage layer, which are processed in parallel by multiple nodes, thereby reducing query response time. The above strategy has been applied on distributed database CBase, and experiments have shown that the parallel optimization strategy proposed in this paper can significantly shorten SQL request query time and improve system resource utilization.
Multi-Objective Optimization based decision-making process using

Dombi Logarithmic aggregation operator in CNN environment and its

application to optimally select suitable greenhouse site for tomato crops
Authors: BARMAN ANITA , Shukla Vaishnavi , CHAKRABORTY AVISHEK , Alam Shariful
Published: October 2024

In this research article, we have defined Dombi Logarithmic aggregation operational laws in the framework
of Cylindrical Neutrosophic Numbers (CNN) and utilized these laws to establish a new aggregation operator
namely Cylindrical Neutrosophic Dombi Weighted Logarithmic Aggregation Operator(C N DW L A ). The said
aggregation operational laws & aggregation operator have been used to present a new and novel decision making
process where Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) and Multi-Objective Optimization(MOO) have been inte-
grated and embedded fruitfully. Here the objective functions were formulated using the concept of a single-layer
neural network and the FUCOM method to assess criterion weights. We have resolved the most favorable Pareto
optimal solution derived from Multi-Objective Optimization by employing simulation and the Technique for Or-
der of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. Finally, we have applied our proposed
decision making method along with MARCOS and MOORA techniques to determine the best greenhouse site
for cultivating tomato crops. An exhaustive sensitivity and comparative analysis has been conducted to assess
the robustness and stability of our Multi Criteria Group Decision Making (MCGDM) techniques. It is observed
that our proposed method has some advantages in cylindrical neutrosophic environment and it produces stable
robust results with the variation of underlying model parameters.
Firsttrimester Diagnosis and Therapy @ 11 – 13+6 Weeks of Gestation – Part 1
Authors: von Kaisenberg Constantin , Kozlowski Peter , Kagan Karl-Oliver , Hoopmann Markus , Heling Kai-Sven , Chaoui Rabih , Klaritsch Philipp , Pertl Barbara , Burkhardt Tilo , Tercanli Sevgi , Frenzel Jochen , Mundlos Christine
Published: October 2024

This extensive AWMF 085-002 S2e-guideline “First Trimester Diagnosis and Therapy @ 11 – 13+6 of Gestation” has systematically analyzed high-quality studies and publications and the existing evidence (evidence tables) and produced recommendations (level of recommendation, level of evidence, strength of consensus).

This guideline deals with the following topics in the context of the 11 – 13+6 weeks scan: the legal basis, screening for anatomical malformations, screening for chromosomal defects, quality assessment and audit, screening for preeclampsia and FGR, screening for preterm birth, screening for abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), screening for velamentous cord insertion and vasa praevia, screening for diabetes mellitus and LGA.

Screening for complications of pregnancy can best be carried out @ 11 – 13+6 weeks of gestation. The issues of how to identify malformations, chromosomal abnormalities and certain disorders of placentation (high blood pressure and proteinuria, intrauterine growth retardation) have been solved. The problem of how to identify placenta percreta and vasa previa has been partially solved. What is still unsolved is how to identify disorders of glucose metabolism and preterm birth.

In the first trimester, solutions to some of these problems are available: parents can be given extensive counselling and the risk that a pregnancy complication will manifest at a later stage can be delayed and reduced. This means that screening is critically important as it helps in decision-making about the best way to manage pregnancy complications (prevention and intervals between follow-up examinations).

If no treatment is available and if a termination of pregnancy is considered, the intervention can be carried out with far lower complications compared to the second trimester of pregnancy. In most cases, further examinations are not required and the parents can be reassured. A repeat examination at around week 20 of gestation to complete the screening for malformations is recommended.

Note: The guideline will be published simultaneously in the official journals of both professional societies (i.e. Ultraschall in der Medizin/European Journal of Ultrasound for the DEGUM and Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde for the DGGG).
Antibiotische Therapie der Endokarditis
Authors: Schmidt-Hellerau Kirsten , Jung Norma
Published: October 2024

Angesichts der Schwere der Erkrankung und der möglichen Komplikationen ist eine frühzeitige und optimale antibiotische Therapie der infektiösen Endokarditis erforderlich. Sie richtet sich zum einen nach dem Erreger, gegen den die am besten wirksame Substanz in ausreichender Dosierung verabreicht werden soll, und zum anderen nach patientenbezogenen Faktoren, wie Kunstklappen und Allergien. Im Falle einer empirischen Therapie orientiert sich diese am jeweiligen erwarteten Erregerspektrum, um dann schnellstmöglich auf eine zielgerichtete Therapie umgestellt zu werden. Wichtig für das therapeutische Gesamtkonzept, das indizierte Interventionen und Operationen mit einschließt, ist die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit, optimalerweise in Form eines Endokarditisteams. Im Folgenden werden Empfehlungen der neuen Leitlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie auszugsweise dargestellt, vereinfacht und kommentiert, um praktische Hilfestellungen für den klinischen Alltag zu
bieten.
Chirurgische Therapie der infektiösen Endokarditis
Authors: de Waha Suzanne , Marín-Cuartas Mateo , Magomedov Khadzhimurad , Ortiz De La Cuesta Manuela , Misfeld Martin , Borger Michael A.
Published: October 2024

Die intrahospitale Letalität von Patienten mit infektiöser Endokarditis liegt bei 20–30%. Bei ungefähr der Hälfte aller Patienten ist neben einer antibiotischen Therapie auch ein herzchirurgischer Eingriff indiziert. Die wesentlichen Indikationen zur Operation sind Herzinsuffizienz, lokal oder systemisch unkontrollierte Infektion und Prävention eines embolischen Ereignisses. Auch der Zeitpunkt des chirurgischen Eingriffs ist von großer Bedeutung. Trotz der Risiken eines chirurgischen Eingriffs ist dies häufig der einzig kurative Ansatz und bietet bei selektionierten Patienten einen wesentlichen Überlebensvorteil im Vergleich zur antibiotischen Therapie allein. Im folgenden Artikel werden die Grundsätze der chirurgischen Therapie bei infektiöser Endokarditis hinsichtlich Indikation, Risiken und Zeitpunkt vorgestellt.
Diagnostik der infektiösen Endokarditis und die Rolle des Endokarditis-Teams
Authors: Mangner Norman , Linke Axel
Published: October 2024

Die Inzidenz der infektiösen Endokarditis ist in den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten deutlich gestiegen, was zum einen auf eine immer größer werdende Risikopopulation als auch auf verbesserter und häufiger angewandter Diagnostik beruht. Unverändert fortbestehend ist jedoch die hohe intrahospitale Letalität von 15–30%, die erheblich vom Zeitpunkt der Diagnose und dem Auftreten von Komplikationen bestimmt wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde im Jahr 2023 eine überarbeitete Version der Endokarditis-Leitlinie durch die Europäische Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) veröffentlicht. Sowohl die frühe und korrekte Diagnose als auch die Einbindung eines multidisziplinären Endokarditis-Teams sind mit einer verbesserten Prognose von Patienten mit infektiöser Endokarditis assoziiert.
Studien-Highlights
Authors: Schöllmann Claudia
Published: October 2024

Der Gastrointestinal Cancers Congress der European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO-GI), der vom 26.–29. Juni 2024 in München stattfand und auch online übertragen wurde, lieferte interessante neue Studiendaten zur Behandlung unterschiedlicher gastrointestinaler Tumoren – einige davon mit praxisveränderndem Potenzial. Wir stellen ausgewählte Kongress-Highlights vor.
Analytische Validierung eines digitalen tumormorphometrischen Prognosetests
Authors: Lorenz Judith
Published: October 2024

Die histopathologischen Charakteristika eines invasiven Mammakarzinoms geben Auskunft über sein biologisches Rezidivpotenzial. Allerdings ist die Beurteilung subjektiv und unterliegt einer hohen Interobserver-Variabilität. Ein neuartiger digitaler Prognosetest auf der Basis künstlicher Intelligenz sagt das Rezidivrisiko anhand repräsentativer Gewebeschnitte voraus. Ein US-Forscherteam überprüfte nun die analytische Leistungsfähigkeit des Tests.
Olaparib vs. Niraparib bei fortgeschrittenem Ovarialkarzinom
Authors: Lichert Frank
Published: October 2024

Mehr als ⅔ aller Patientinnen mit einem epithelialen Ovarialkarzinom erhalten die Diagnose zu einem fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungsstadium. Die Therapie umfasst eine chirurgische Zytoreduktion kombiniert mit einer Chemotherapie. J. H. Kim et al. haben bei dieser Patientengruppe die Überlebensoutcomes sowie unerwünschte Ereignisse im Zusammenhang mit einer Erhaltungstherapie basierend auf den PARP-Inhibitoren Olaparib vs. Niraparib untersucht.
Akuter Querschnitt unter Systemtherapie – Radiotherapie oder OP?
Authors: Ujkic Lidija , Sutanto Ricardo , Knöll Peter , Zarghooni Kourosh , Rosenbrock Johannes , Walter Sebastian
Published: October 2024

Wirbelkörper sind eine der häufigsten Metastasenlokalisationen beim fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinom. Einerseits schränken Wirbelsäulenmetastasen durch begleitende Rückenschmerzen die Lebensqualität der Patienten stark ein, andererseits können Sekundärkomplikationen auftreten, die mit schwerwiegenden neurologischen Ausfallerscheinungen und Funktionsverlusten einhergehen. Neben der Schmerzreduktion stellen zum einen die lokale Tumorkontrolle, zum anderen die Wiederherstellung der spinalen Stabilität zentrale Therapieziele dar. Der Stellenwert der Chirurgie, der konventionellen Strahlentherapie und stereotaktischen Strahlentherapie, sowohl alleinstehend als auch kombiniert, wird vor diesem Hintergrund in der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert. Insbesondere der NOMS-Score erweist sich als hilfreiches Tool zur therapeutischen Entscheidungsfindung. Daten zeigen bessere postoperative Patientenoutcomes nach chirurgischer Therapie, sowohl wenn isoliert durchgeführt als auch kombiniert mit der Strahlentherapie, wobei ein Teil der untersuchten Patientenkollektive andere Primaria neben dem Prostatakarzinom miteinschließen. Vergleichsstudien, die speziell im Setting des metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms die Überlegenheit bestimmter Therapien vergleichen, sind rar. Dasselbe gilt in Bezug auf mikrochirurgische Eingriffe an spinalen Metastasen. Die isolierte Strahlentherapie nimmt insbesondere im Setting der Palliation zur Schmerzlinderung ihren Stellenwert ein, wobei ihre Effektivität zahlreich belegt ist. Therapeutisch entscheidungsführend ist die erwartete Lebensprognose der Patienten. Ein multimodaler Therapieansatz ist vor dem Hintergrund des komplexen Patientenkollektivs vonnöten, wobei aktuelle Therapietrends vor dem Hintergrund der Früherkennung spinaler Metastasen großzügiger eine operative Intervention integrieren.
Bilateral Lower Limb Injuries and the Need for Two Free Flaps: Simultaneous or Sequential
Authors: Srikanth R. , Mukunda Reddy D. , Parvathi R. , Khasanvis Vishal , Chandrashekhar P.
Published: October 2024

Objective  To determine the choice of flap cover for patients presenting with bilateral lower limb trauma requiring free flap cover and to derive a step-wise guide to the planning of bilateral lower limb free flaps.

Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of patients over a 20 year period from 2000 to 2020 who presented with bilateral lower limb defects following trauma and were managed with two free flaps for wound cover, done either simultaneously or sequentially in the same admission.

Results Of the 11 cases with 22 defects, there were 3 re-explorations with 1 flap loss managed with delayed fasciocutaneous flap cover. Donor morbidity was minimal requiring aspiration of seroma for 1 patient and secondary SSG for recipient area graft loss over muscle flap in 2 patients.

Conclusion Use of single donor site ensures economy of time and tissue with the use of skin and muscle chimeric flaps. Harvesting of twin ALT flaps or the use of lattisimus dorsi as one of the flaps requires a 2 stage surgery to avoid prolonged operative time.
Gematik: Bundeskabinett billigt Umbau zur Digitalagentur
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: October 2024

Trotz massiver Proteste aus der Industrie hat das Bundeskabinett das Gesundheits-Digitalagentur-Gesetz gebilligt. Es sieht einen weitreichenden Ausbau der Gematik vor. Die Digitalagentur bekommt mehr hoheitliche Rechte und darf sogar eigene Produkte entwickeln und vertreiben.
EU-Richtlinie: Die CSRD wird ein scharfes Schwert
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: October 2024

Für 2025 müssen viele deutsche Kliniken erstmals verpflichtend in Sachen Nachhaltigkeit berichten. Das ist ein Kraftakt, der auch viele Chancen birgt. Die Häuser kümmern sich unterschiedlich intensiv darum – nur wegducken hilft nicht, sonst drohen empfindliche Einbußen.
Digitale Patientenaufklärung: Weniger Papier, mehr Zeit für Patienten
Authors: Spinner Christoph D. , Schönberg Ulf
Published: October 2024

Das TUM Universitätsklinikum setzt an seinem Standort Klinikum rechts der Isar in München inzwischen nahezu flächendeckend digitale Aufklärungsbögen ein. Die Erfahrungen des Uniklinikums sind positiv, vom neuen Verfahren profitieren sowohl Patienten als auch Ärzte.
KI-basierte Stimmanalyse: Was die Stimme über Erkrankungen verrät
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: October 2024

Das Unternehmen Audeering bietet mit AI Soundlab eine Online-Plattform, die mit Hilfe von KI über Stimmparameter Rückschlüsse auf den Gesundheitszustand von Patienten zulässt. Ärzte können so Stimmdaten als Biomarker zu Erkrankungen und Krankheitsverläufen einsetzen. Welche Chancen die Technologie bietet, erläutert CEO Prof. Dagmar Schuller im Interview.
Strained Cu(111) surface can be catalytic efficient for C–C coupling in CO2 electrochemical reduction
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Han Yuli , Zhang Lixin
Published: October 2024

It is well accepted that the Cu(100) surface is catalytic active for C–C coupling in CO2 reduction. However, the (100) surface is less active for the preceding CO* formation process and, most importantly, less stable than other surfaces. In this work, we investigate the relationship between catalytic effects and general factors such as coordination number and spacing (strain) of the Cu surface atoms. We find that the former affects the CO* formation only and the latter affects both the CO* formation and the subsequent C–C coupling. Among all the strained surfaces with larger atomic spacing, the more stable Cu(111) surface is extraordinary and outperforms Cu(100) and the high index surfaces for CO2 reduction to C2 on Cu.
Scaffold-free 3D culture systems for stem cell-based tissue regeneration
Authors: Liu Ke-Chun , Chen Yueh-Chen , Hsieh Chi-Fen , Wang Mu-Hui , Zhong Meng-Xun , Cheng Nai-Chen
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) culture methods have significantly enhanced the potential of stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. This cutting-edge technology circumvents the use of exogenous biomaterial and prevents its associated complications. The 3D culture system preserves crucial intercellular interactions and extracellular matrix support, closely mimicking natural biological niches. Therefore, stem cells cultured in 3D formats exhibit distinct characteristics, showcasing their capabilities in promoting angiogenesis and immunomodulation. This review aims to elucidate foundational technologies and recent breakthroughs in 3D scaffold-free stem cell engineering, offering comprehensive guidance for researchers to advance this technology across various clinical applications. We first introduce the various sources of stem cells and provide a comparative analysis of two-dimensional (2D) and 3D culture systems. Given the advantages of 3D culture systems, we delve into the specific fabrication and harvesting techniques for cell sheets and spheroids. Furthermore, we explore their applications in pre-clinical studies, particularly in large animal models and clinical trials. We also discuss multidisciplinary strategies to overcome existing limitations such as insufficient efficacy, hostile microenvironments, and the need for scalability and standardization of stem cell-based products.
Evaluation of thermal and concentration slip effects on heat and mass transmission of nanofluid over a moving wedge surface using Keller box scheme
Authors: Ullah Zia , Alam Md Mahbub , Elhag S. H. , Merga Feyisa Edosa , Haider Irfan , Malik Arfa
Published: October 2024

The current research is based on the impact of thermal and solutal slip in the boundary layer nanofluid flow through a moving accelerating wedge. The present investigation is considered with the influence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Thermal insulation, geothermal engineering, crude oil extraction, and heat exchangers are very important applications of nanofluid movement over a wedge surface with thermal and concentration slip. The suggested mathematical analysis is expressed in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs). These PDEs are transformed into ordinary differential equations via similarity transformation. The Keller Box technique is used to integrate the resultant non-similar equations. The set of discretized and first order differential equations is formed with the help of central difference and the Newton–Raphson technique. The graphical and numerical results are extracted with the help of MATLAB. The numerical results with the influence of the Prandtl factor (Pr), constant moving factor (λ), thermal slip factor (S2), and concentration slip parameter (S2) are interpreted visually and numerically. Graphical representations of velocity, thermal, and mass concentration profiles are analyzed in depth. The solution for skin friction coefficient, heat transport rate, and mass transport rate is calculated. The moving velocity function increases as Pr increases. The rate of slip temperature and slip concentration rate is enhanced for a lower Prandtl factor. The maximum slip behavior in temperature function and fluid concentration slip is deduced for each value of thermal-slip and concentration-slip factors. For high Prandtl and Brownian motion factors, the rate of Nusselt number is enhanced significantly.
GaAs-based red micro-light-emitting diodes with an oxide perimeter region for improved external quantum efficiency
Authors: Min Sangjin , Choi Won-Jin , Kim Dong Hwan , Kim Keuk , Park Jaehyeok , Ryu Han-Youl , Shim Jong-In , Shin Dong-Soo
Published: October 2024

Red micro-light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) with AlGaInP/GaInP multiple quantum wells are fabricated with an oxide perimeter region to control the current injection path. When the values of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the 30 μm-size μ-LED with the oxide perimeter region are compared with those of the device without the oxide perimeter region, an improvement as high as 40% is observed at current densities <80 A/cm2. From the finite-difference time-domain simulation of the light-extraction efficiency (LEE), which shows that the LEE of the device with the oxide perimeter region is ∼12% smaller than that of the device without the oxide perimeter region, it can be seen that the increased EQE is attributed to the improvement of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE). Since the oxide perimeter region limits the current paths to the sidewalls of the μ-LED chips, the nonradiative recombination via sidewall defects is considered suppressed, resulting in the improvement of the IQE. The oxidation of the AlGaAs layer utilized in this work is easy to implement and accurately controllable, suitable for mass-production of high-efficiency red μ-LEDs for display applications.
A method of multi-bit optical coding by constructing Brewster angles to enhance photonic spin Hall effect
Authors: Xu Hao-Ran , Zhang Ting-Hao , Wan Bao-Fei , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: October 2024

The photonic spin Hall effect, characterized by its polarization-driven spin-related displacement, has played an essential role in coding information processing. In this Letter, using a two-period double-layer dielectric plate, the displacement changes within the angle region are first observed, and a two-bit effective coding is achieved through non-uniform quantization of displacement values and coding. Afterward, by constructing Brewster angles (BAs), effective three-bit coding is achieved at the selected BA by dividing the angle domain. By changing the relative refractive index of the constituent materials (nB), effective coding is achieved at corresponding angles (45°–85°). By connecting two-bit and three-bit coding, a five-bit coding is fulfilled. By setting the last six invalid values, effective correspondence of 26 English letters is obtained. At the same time, the largest displacement peak itself is huge and varies accordingly with different values of nB. This work can provide some reference for designing optical coders.
Denoising method for colonic pressure signals based on improved wavelet threshold
Authors: Cui Liu , Si Zhisen , Zhao Kai , Wang Shuangkui
Published: October 2024

The colonic peristaltic pressure signal is helpful for the diagnosis of intestinal diseases, but it is difficult to reflect the real situation of colonic peristalsis due to the interference of various factors. To solve this problem, an improved wavelet threshold denoising method based on discrete wavelet transform is proposed in this paper. This algorithm can effectively extract colonic peristaltic pressure signals and filter out noise. Firstly, a threshold function with three shape adjustment factors is constructed to give the function continuity and better flexibility. Then, a threshold calculation method based on different decomposition levels is designed. By adjusting the three preset shape factors, an appropriate threshold function is determined, and denoising of colonic pressure signals is achieved through hierarchical thresholding. In addition, the experimental analysis of bumps signal verifies that the proposed denoising method has good reliability and stability when dealing with non-stationary signals. Finally, the denoising performance of the proposed method was validated using colonic pressure signals. The experimental results indicate that, compared to other methods, this approach performs better in denoising and extracting colonic peristaltic pressure signals, aiding in further identification and treatment of colonic peristalsis disorders.
The impact of regional resources and technology availability on carbon dioxide removal potential in the United States
Authors: Javadi Parisa , O’Rourke Patrick , Fuhrman Jay , McJeon Haewon , Doney Scott C , Shobe William , Clarens Andrés F
Published: October 2024

To achieve net zero carbon emissions by mid-century, the United States may need to rely on carbon dioxide removal (CDR) to offset emissions from difficult-to-decarbonize sectors and/or shortfalls in near-term mitigation efforts. CDR can be delivered using many approaches with different requirements for land, water, geologic carbon storage capacity, energy, and other resources. The availability of these resources varies by region in the U.S. suggesting that CDR deployment will be uneven across the country. Using the global change analysis model for the United States (GCAM-USA), we modeled six classes of CDR and explored their potential using four scenarios: a scenario where all the CDR pathways are available (Full Portfolio), a scenario with restricted carbon capture and storage (Low CCS), a scenario where the availability of bio-based CDR options is limited (Low Bio), and a scenario with constraints on enhanced rock weathering (ERW) capabilities (Low ERW). We find that by employing a diverse set of CDR approaches, the U.S. could remove between 1 and 1.9 GtCO2/yr by midcentury. In the Full Portfolio scenario, direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) predominates, delivering approximately 50% of CO2 removal, with bioenergy with carbon capture and storage contributing 25%, and ERW delivering 11.5%. Texas and the agricultural Midwest lead in CDR deployment due to their abundant agricultural land and geological storage availability. In the Low CCS scenario, reliance on DACCS decreases, easing pressure on energy systems but increasing pressure on the land. In all cases CDR deployment was found to drive important impacts on energy, land, or materials supply chains (to supply ERW, for example) and these effects were generally more pronounced when fewer CDR technologies were available.
Cluster structures on braid varieties
Authors: Casals Roger , Gorsky Eugene , Gorsky Mikhail , Le Ian , Shen Linhui , Simental José
Published: October 2024

We show the existence of cluster

A

\mathcal {A}

-structures and cluster Poisson structures on any braid variety, for any simple Lie group. The construction is achieved via weave calculus and a tropicalization of Lusztig’s coordinates. Several explicit seeds are provided and the quiver and cluster variables are readily computable. We prove that these upper cluster algebras equal their cluster algebras, show local acyclicity, and explicitly determine their DT-transformations as the twist automorphisms of braid varieties. The main result also resolves the conjecture of B. Leclerc [Adv. Math. 300 (2016), pp. 190–228] on the existence of cluster algebra structures on the coordinate rings of open Richardson varieties.
Sciatic Nerve Transection Following Prosthetic Buttock Augmentation: First Reported Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kairinos Nicolas , Jessop Thomas Steve
Published: October 2024

Gluteal augmentation is typically carried out by implant placement or autologous fat grafting. Over recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of gluteal augmentations being performed. However, because the number of procedures has increased, so too have the number of complications. We present a case of a 33-year-old female with an implant infection with concomitant sciatic nerve transection following bilateral gluteal augmentation with implants leading to a permanent foot drop. Although transient sciatica because of compression has been described as a complication of gluteal augmentation, this is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of transection. The many unusual management decisions that had to be made when faced with this rare and devastating complication are highlighted and the relevant literature on gluteal augmentation is discussed. Patients and surgeons alike need to take particular care when considering this procedure.

Level of Evidence: 5 (Diagnostic)
DrugReSC: targeting disease-critical cell subpopulations with single-cell transcriptomic data for drug repurposing in cancer
Authors: Liu Chonghui , Zhang Yan , Liang Yingjian , Zhang Tianjiao , Wang Guohua
Published: October 2024

The field of computational drug repurposing aims to uncover novel therapeutic applications for existing drugs through high-throughput data analysis. However, there is a scarcity of drug repurposing methods leveraging the cellular-level information provided by single-cell RNA sequencing data. To address this need, we propose DrugReSC, an innovative approach to drug repurposing utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing data, intending to target specific cell subpopulations critical to disease pathology. DrugReSC constructs a drug-by-cell matrix representing the transcriptional relationships between individual cells and drugs and utilizes permutation-based methods to assess drug contributions to cellular phenotypic changes. We demonstrate DrugReSC’s superior performance compared to existing drug repurposing methods based on bulk or single-cell RNA sequencing data across multiple cancer case studies. In summary, DrugReSC offers a novel perspective on the utilization of single-cell sequencing data in drug repurposing methods, contributing to the advancement of precision medicine for cancer.
Digital approaches in post-COVID healthcare: a systematic review of technological innovations in disease management
Authors: Mfouth Kemajou Pamela , Mbanya Armand , Coppieters Yves
Published: October 2024

Post-COVID conditions (PCC) emerged during the pandemic, prompting a rise in the use of Digital Health Technologies (DHTs) to manage lockdowns and hospital overcrowding. Real-time tracking and information analyses were crucial to strengthening the global research response. This study aims to map the use of modern digital approaches in estimating the prevalence, predicting, diagnosing, treating, monitoring, and prognosis of PCC. This review was conducted by searching PubMed and Scopus databases for keywords and synonyms related to DHTs, Smart Healthcare Systems, and PCC based on the World Health Organization definition. Articles published from 1 January 2020 to 21 May 2024 were screened for eligibility based on predefined inclusion criteria, and the PRISMA framework was used to report the findings from the retained studies. Our search identified 377 studies, but we retained 23 studies that used DHTs, artificial intelligence (AI), and infodemiology to diagnose, estimate prevalence, predict, treat, and monitor PCC. Notably, a few interventions used infodemics to identify the clinical presentations of the disease, while most utilized Electronic Health Records and AI tools to estimate diagnosis and prevalence. However, we found that AI tools were scarcely used for monitoring symptoms, and studies involving SHS were non-existent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). These findings show several DHTs used in healthcare, but there is an urgent need for further research in SHS for complex health conditions, particularly in LMICs. Enhancing DHTs and integrating AI and infodemiology provide promising avenues for managing epidemics and related complications, such as PCC.
Lifecycle of Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) and synchrony with its host, the spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)
Authors: Gould Juli R , Losch Corrine , Sullivan Liam , Wu Yunke , Wang Xiao-yi , Cao Liang-Ming , Broadley Hannah J
Published: October 2024

Anastatus orientalis Yang & Choi (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), an egg parasitoid of spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula (White) (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), has been documented emerging from host eggs in both autumn and spring, at the beginning and end of the period that spotted lanternfly eggs are present in the field, suggesting parasitoid–host specificity and synchrony. This study was designed to test whether, under conditions that simulate native and introduced ranges of spotted lanternfly, (a) A. orientalis has 2 and only 2 generations per year, (b) A. orientalis adults sometimes emerge when only nontarget species would be available for parasitization, and (c) emerging parasitoid adults can parasitize unhatched host eggs in the spring. Parasitized spotted lanternfly eggs were collected in 2019 and 2020 from Beijing, China and in 2020 and 2021 from Yantai, China. They were shipped for laboratory study in growth chambers programmed to simulate temperature and daylength for collection locations in China and in the invaded range in Pennsylvania, United States. Anastatus orientalis had a flexible lifecycle depending on environmental conditions and possibly genetic makeup, with 1–3 generations per year, and parasitoid emergence was not always synchronous with host egg availability. Additionally, given the cooler temperatures in Pennsylvania, autumn parasitoid emergence was often delayed until late October or November, no progeny were produced, and parasitoid populations died out. Anastatus orientalis does not exhibit host synchrony characteristics that would make it a good candidate for a classical biological control program.
Clinicoeconomic burden among heart failure patients with severely reduced ejection fraction after hospital admission: HF-RESTORE
Authors: May Heidi T , Anderson Jeffrey L , Butzner Michael , Divanji Punag H , Muhlestein Joseph B
Published: October 2024

Background

An estimated two-thirds of heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) hospitalized in the United States have a severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <30%). Few studies have categorized patients according to their severity of left ventricular dysfunction beyond an LVEF of <30%.

Methods and results

Intermountain Health patients (≥18 years) with a primary HF diagnosis, more than or equal to 1 inpatient hospitalization with a primary discharge diagnosis of HF, a documented LVEF of <30%, and a B-type natriuretic peptide >100 pg/mL within 1 year of hospitalization were studied. Patients were stratified by LVEF levels (≤15%, 16–25%, and 26–29%) and evaluated for death, HF hospitalization, healthcare resource utilization, and medical costs. Overall, 2184 patients (mean age 64.2 ± 15.5 years, 72.5% male) were stratified by LVEF [≤15%, n = 468 (21.4%); 16–25%, n = 1399 (64.1%); and 26–29%, n = 317 (14.5%)]. Lower LVEF was associated with younger age, male sex, and fewer comorbidities. Although 1-year mortality differed significantly between LVEF stratifications, which remained after adjustment by risk factors [vs. LVEF 26–29% (referent): ≤15%, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.92, P < 0.0001; and 16–25%, HR = 1.42, P = 0.01], mortality was similar by 3 years. HF hospitalizations at 1 and 3 years were similar among LVEF groups. Total HF costs—driven by increased HF outpatient costs—were significantly higher among LVEF of ≤15%.

Conclusion

Patients with an LVEF of ≤15% had a modestly increased risk of 1-year mortality, as well as significantly higher total HF costs. Patients with HFrEF and a severely reduced LVEF continue to face an increased clinicoeconomic burden, and novel therapies to treat this unmet medical need are warranted.