bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selective optogenetic activation of NaV1.7–expressing afferents in NaV1.7-ChR2 mice induces nocifensive behavior without affecting responses to mechanical and thermal stimuli
Authors: Maruta Toyoaki , Hidaka Kotaro , Kouroki Satoshi , Koshida Tomohiro , Kurogi Mio , Kage Yohko , Mizuno Seiya , Shirasaka Tetsuro , Yanagita Toshihiko , Takahashi Satoru , Takeya Ryu , Tsuneyoshi Isao
Published: October 2022

In small and large spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons, subtypes of voltage-gated sodium channels, such as NaV1.7, NaV1.8, and NaV1.9 are expressed with characteristically localized and may play different roles in pain transmission and intractable pain development. Selective stimulation of each specific subtype in vivo may elucidate its role of each subtype in pain. So far, this has been difficult with current technology. However, Optogenetics, a recently developed technique, has enabled selective activation or inhibition of specific neural circulation in vivo. Moreover, optogenetics had even been used to selectively excite NaV1.8-expressing dorsal root ganglion neurons to induce nocifensive behavior. In recent years, genetic modification technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 have advanced, and various knock-in mice can be easily generated using such technology. We aimed to investigate the effects of selective optogenetic activation of NaV1.7-expressing afferents on mouse behavior. We used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination to generate bicistronic NaV1.7–iCre knock-in mice, which express iCre recombinase under the endogenous NaV1.7 gene promoter without disrupting NaV1.7. The Cre-driver mice were crossed with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) Cre-reporter Ai32 mice to obtain NaV1.7iCre/+;Ai32/+, NaV1.7iCre/iCre;Ai32/+, NaV1.7iCre/+;Ai32/Ai32, and NaV1.7iCre/iCre;Ai32/Ai32 mice. Compared with wild–type mice behavior, no differences were observed in the behaviors associated with mechanical and thermal stimuli exhibited by mice of the aforementioned genotypes, indicating that the endogenous NaV1.7 gene was not affected by the targeted insertion of iCre. Blue light irradiation to the hind paw induced paw withdrawal by mice of all genotypes in a light power-dependent manner. The threshold and incidence of paw withdrawal and aversive behavior in a blue-lit room were dependent on ChR2 expression level; the strongest response was observed in NaV1.7iCre/iCre;Ai32/Ai32 mice. Thus, we developed a non-invasive pain model in which peripheral nociceptors were optically activated in free-moving transgenic NaV1.7–ChR2 mice.
THE ROLE OF CLAY MINERALS IN HYDROCARBON GENERATION, MIGRATION AND ACCUMULATION
Authors: D.O. IKORO , O.C. OKEKE , M.T. ABUBARKAR , T. OGBONNA , A. EZEBUNANWA
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on the understanding of the role of clay minerals in hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation. Clay minerals are involved in the formation of kerogen, catalytic cracking of kerogen into petroleum, migration of crude oil, and the continued change to hydrocarbon composition in petroleum reservoirs. In kerogen formation, clay minerals act as catalysts and sorbents to immobilize organic matter through ligand exchange, hydrophobic interactions and cation bridges by the mechanisms of Maillard reactions, polyphenol theory, selective preservation and adsorptive protection. Clay minerals also serve as catalysts in acid-catalyzed cracking of kerogen into petroleum hydrocarbon through Lewis and Bronsted acid sites on the clay surfaces. The amount and type of clay mineral affect the composition of the petroleum. Bronsted acidity of clay minerals is affected by the presence and state of interlayer water, and displacement of this water is a probable driver in crude oil migration from source rocks. During crude oil migration and accumulation in reservoirs, the composition of petroleum is continually modified by interaction with clay minerals. Clay minerals remain the most difficult of all earth materials to study and characterize. Their sheet structure results in features that can only be resolved at the sub-micron scale. They are also subtly variable in chemical composition (Fe, Mg, K, Al, et cetera) and can be confused with each other and other silicates. The recent innovative analytical tools and modern analysis techniques, example., micro- and nano-X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT), QEMSCAN (Automated Mineralogy and Petrography), FIB/SEM (Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), etc., have the capability of quantitative and qualitative characterizing nano-pore features and mineralogy of fine grained shale rocks, which create new era of studying clay minerals for facilitating unconventional (shale) reservoir exploration. Even though there have been reports about the application of clay minerals in the oil and gas exploration, surprisingly little work has been documented. Keyword: clay mineral, organic matter, generation, vitrinite, kerogen, montmorillonite.
Increasing Alkaline Phosphatase as the Primary Manifestation of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an AIDS Patient Without Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Berger Triston , Borja Sebastian , Kandiah Jonathan , Suri Jaspreet , Riback Harvey
Published: October 2022

Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by the dimorphic fungi Histoplasma. Hepatic involvement in the setting of disseminated histoplasmosis from a pulmonary source is well documented. Hepatic involvement as the primary manifestation in the absence of pulmonary disease is rare. We present a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome found to have disseminated histoplasmosis with worsening alkaline phosphatase as the primary manifestation of disease, which has not been reported in a review of the literature. After diagnosis, the patient was started on appropriate therapy with alkaline phosphatase return to baseline.
Acute Liver Failure Secondary to Remdesivir in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Lin Kevin , Gausman Valerie , Poles Michael , Popov Violeta
Published: October 2022

Remdesivir has been the mainstay of coronavirus disease 2019 treatment since the start of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. Despite its growing use, safety data are limited. We present the case of an elderly man with obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 who developed acute liver failure after initiation of remdesivir. This report broadens our knowledge of the side effect profile of remdesivir and discusses potential risk factors and an approach to remdesivir-induced liver failure. Our case also highlights the importance of monitoring hepatic function after initiation of therapy with remdesivir.
Virtual Reality and Mindfulness Approaches in the Treatment of Rumination Syndrome
Authors: Taclob Jeff Angelo , Kalas M Ammar , Esteban Marcus Juan , Didia Claudia , McCallum Richard
Published: October 2022

Rumination syndrome (RS) is the repeated, effortless food regurgitation during or immediately after eating or drinking, which could be followed by rechewing, reswallowing, or spitting out of the regurgitant gastric contents. The mechanism by which RS ensues is because of the habitual contraction of the abdominal wall muscles leading to increased intra-abdominal pressure and regurgitation of gastric contents. Therefore, diaphragmatic breathing techniques and biofeedback are helpful in these patients to counteract the habitual abdominal contractions. We present a case of a 26-year-old woman diagnosed with RS unresponsive to conventional therapy (antiemetics and antispasmodics).
Routine Reflux Testing Guides Timely Antireflux Treatment to Reduce Acute and Chronic Rejection After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Lo Wai-Kit , Goldberg Hilary J. , Sharma Nirmal , Wee Jon O. , Chan Walter W.
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Gastroesophageal reflux has been associated with poorer lung transplantation outcomes, although no standard approach to evaluation/management has been adopted. We aimed to evaluate the effect of timely antireflux treatment as guided by routine reflux testing on postlung transplant rejection outcomes.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective cohort study of lung transplant recipients at a tertiary center. All patients underwent pretransplant ambulatory pH monitoring. Timely antireflux treatment was defined as proton pump inhibitor initiation or antireflux surgery within 6 months of transplantation. Patients were separated into 3 groups: normal pH monitoring (−pH), increased reflux (+pH) with timely treatment, and +pH with delayed treatment. Rejection outcomes included acute rejection, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction per International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria. Time-to-event analyses using Cox proportional hazard models were applied. Patients not meeting outcomes were censored at death or last clinic visit.

RESULTS:

One hundred seventy-five patients (59% men/mean 56.3 yr/follow-up: 496 person-years) were included. On multivariable analyses, +pH/delayed treatment patients had higher risks of acute rejection (adjust hazard ratio [aHR]:3.81 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.90–7.64], P = 0.0002), bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (aHR: 2.22 [95% CI: 1.07–4.58], P = 0.03), and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (aHR: 2.97 [95% CI: 1.40–6.32], P = 0.005) than +pH/timely treatment patients. Similarly, rejection risks were increased among +pH/delayed treatment patients vs −pH patients (all P < 0.05). No significant differences in rejection risks were noted between +pH/timely treatment patients and −pH patients. Failure/complications of antireflux treatment were rare and similar among groups.

DISCUSSION:

Timely antireflux treatment, as directed by pretransplant reflux testing, was associated with reduced allograft rejection risks and demonstrated noninferiority to patients without reflux. A standardized peri-transplant test-and-treat algorithm may guide timely reflux management to improve lung transplant outcomes.
Comparison Between Preincision Traction and On-Demand Traction in Assisting Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Li Jun , Wei Yunlei , Zhang Di , Hou Xiaojia , Shen Ming , Chen Kan , Wu Ruijin , Peng Kangsheng , Liu Feng
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Adequate exposure of the dissection site is very important for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the preincision traction (PIT) method using an internal clip-with-spring device in comparison with the conventional on-demand traction (ODT) method in assisting colorectal ESD.

METHODS:

This was a prospective nested case-control study. A total of 26 patients for PIT-ESD and other 26 patients for ODT-ESD were involved. Data on clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS:

The en bloc resection rate (both 100%) and curative resection rate (92.3% vs 96.2%) showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. Compared with ODT-ESD, PIT-ESD significantly reduced the procedure time (29.8 ± 18.4 vs 57.4 ± 33.7 minutes, P = 0.001) and submucosal injection volume (49.6 ± 32.3 vs 70.8 ± 37.6 mL, P = 0.034), decreased the rate of intraoperative bleeding (26.9% vs 57.7%, P = 0.025) and muscular injury (7.7% vs 34.6%, P = 0.038), and shortened the postoperative hospital stay (1.8 ± 0.8 vs 2.5 ± 1.2, P = 0.015).

DISCUSSION:

The PIT method could significantly improve the safety and efficacy of colorectal ESD.
Editorial
Authors: Espaço Feminino Editoras Caderno
Published: October 2022

No ano em que o Núcleo de Estudos de Gênero – NEGUEM, do Instituto de História da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, completa 30 anos de existência, é um prazer comemorar a efeméride e apresentar mais uma edição do Caderno Espaço Feminino. Apesar e por conta de estarmos vivendo tempos tão difíceis na vida brasileira, é ainda mais importante tratar as questões de gênero que atravessam as diferentes dimensões da história, da política, da economia e da cultura na sociedade brasileira.
Elementos centrais e periféricos da representação social de masculinidade de estudantes do interior de Pernambuco
Authors: Almeida Edson Leandro de , Carvalho Maria Eulina Pessoa de
Published: October 2022

Sendo o gênero uma construção social, cultural e educacional, as representações sociais de gênero se transformam. No caso das masculinidades, construções associadas ao machismo e à violência vêm sendo confrontadas. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar as representações sociais de jovens estudantes do Ensino Médio do Estado de Pernambuco, identificadas em pesquisa sobre as masculinidades. A metodologia constou de teste de associação livre de palavras (TALP) e teste de centralidade, de acordo com Abric (1994) e Moliner (2001), aplicados a 121 jovens, sendo 82 do sexo feminino e 39 do sexo masculino, entre os meses de março e setembro de 2021. Os resultados indicam que as palavras homem, machismo e força compõem seu núcleo central.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Masculinidade. Estudantes. Ensino Médio. Representações Sociais.
Os gêneros das TICs
Authors: Lombardi Maria Rosa
Published: October 2022

O artigo discute a atual configuração da presença feminina nas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no Brasil, sob dois pontos de vista: as estatísticas da participação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho e a atuação de iniciativas, grupos ou coletivos femininos que visam divulgar as TICs junto a mulheres e meninas e incentivá-las a estudar e trabalhar nessa área. Concluiu-se que, se a masculinidade persiste no mercado de trabalho das TICs, os grupos estudados desempenham a importante função de acolher as mulheres e conscientizá-las sobre as desigualdades de gênero e raça que perpassam nossa sociedade e, ao mesmo tempo, de abrir-lhes novas e promissoras possibilidades de estudo e de trabalho. Nesse sentido, se caracterizam como espaços de resistência feminina.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mulheres em Profissões Masculinas. Trabalho e Gênero nas TICS. Grupos ou Coletivos Femininos. Protagonismo Feminino.
Utrymme för det obestämbara
Authors: Höglund Heidi , Åkerholm Katrina
Published: October 2022

Allowing Space for Undecidability: Complex Picturebooks in Literary Education

Previous research on children’s literature calls attention to picturebooks as a challenging art form, containing complex themes and sophisticated literary qualities. However, previous research shows that picturebooks in educational settings are still mainly explored with emergent readers. In this study, we elaborate on the relation between aesthetics and pedagogy by discussing how the complexity and undecidability of picturebooks can contribute to literary education by applying the concept of undecidability (Johansen, “Kunst”; Litteratur). Applying a thinking with theory approach (Jackson and Mazzei), we use the theoretical concept of undecidability, in relation to the picturebook Skuggorna (The Shadows, 2018) by Maija Hurme and Anssi Hurme as well as in relation to pedagogical considerations for literary education. The analysis of Skuggorna shows how it contains undecidabilities on several levels and how these undecidabilities cause the meaning of the narrative to shift. The study offers implications for literature teaching with this type of picturebook and, consequently, elaborates on what these undecidabilities can provide literary education. Moreover, the study shows how the challenging picturebook can provide spaces for upholding undecidabilities and negotiations in the literature classroom.
Interpretation, Negotiation, Play
Authors: Järvenpää Hanna
Published: October 2022

Augmented reality (AR) picturebooks combine printed children's literature with augmented reality. This study examines the shared reading of the Finnish AR picturebook Mur, eli karhu (2016) by Kaisa Happonen and Anne Vasko. The main aim of the study is to explore the playful reading experience of three Finnish families with children between the ages of 4 and 6. Three main categories of engagement with the book are discussed in the article: interpretation, negotiation, and play. The findings of the study suggest that children are skilled users of mobile digital media but may not understand the content of AR without parental mediation. In addition, parents and educators are required to have substantial pedagogical and aesthetic knowledge to successfully support children’s engagement with hybrid and multimodal literary works. This knowledge involves understanding both children’s literature and the digital medium.
Sisters, Bosom Chums, and Enemies
Authors: Sardella-Ayres Dawn , Reese Ashley N.
Published: October 2022

This article explores the functions of secondary girl characters in English-language American and Canadian girls’ Bildungsromane. Previously, we have explored girls’ literature as a distinct genre, framed in the theory of genre as social action, and our past scholarship examines the ways in which pre-WWII girls’ Bildungsroman stories emphasize girls’ eventual integration into their communities. Rather than having adventures, as in boys’ coming-of-age texts, we have noted ways in which the main girl characters grow “down” into social restrictions, usually as (potential) wives and mothers. Secondary female characters in these girls’ stories are compared, contrasted, or conflated with their close peers as they grow to womanhood, whether they function as the protagonists' “bosom friend,” a rival or “frenemy,” a sibling, or a classmate. However, without the same coming-of-age expectations of a text’s or series’ heroine, these secondary female characters often demonstrate alternate paths to womanhood, highlighting diversities or serving as a warning to the girl protagonists on their journeys.
Neural‐hematopoietic‐inflammatory axis in nonsmokers, electronic cigarette users, and tobacco smokers
Authors: Ruedisueli Isabelle , Arastoo Sara , Gupta Pawan K. , Gornbein Jeffrey , Middlekauff Holly R.
Published: October 2022

Amygdala activity in context of the splenocardiac model has not been investigated in healthy, young adults and has not been compared between nonsmokers, electronic cigarette users, and smokers. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computer tomography (FDG PET/CT) scans would demonstrate positively correlated metabolic activity in the amygdala, bone marrow, spleen, and aorta, elucidating activation of the splenocardiac axis in otherwise healthy young people who use tobacco products compared to nonusers. Moreover, the study was conducted to evaluate whether electronic cigarette users and tobacco smokers have similar levels of inflammation compared to nonusers. In 45 healthy adults (mean age = 25 years), including nonsmoker (n = 15), electronic cigarette user (n = 16), and smoker (n = 14) groups, metabolic activity in the amygdala, spleen, aorta, bone marrow of thoracic vertebrae, and adjacent erector spinae skeletal muscle was quantified through visualization of radioactive glucose (18FDG) uptake by FDG‐PET/CT. The maximum standardized uptake value for each region was calculated for correlation analyses and comparisons between groups. In correlation analyses, metabolic activity of the amygdala correlated with metabolic activity in the aorta (r = 0.757), bone marrow (r = 0.750), and spleen (r = 0.665), respectively. Metabolic activity in the aorta correlated with 18FDG uptake in the thoracic vertebrae (r = 0.703) and spleen (r = 0.594), respectively. Metabolic activity in the spleen also correlated with 18FDG uptake in the bone marrow (r = 0.620). Metabolic activity in the adjacent erector spinae skeletal muscle (our control tissue) was not positively correlated with any other region of interest. Finally, there were no statistically significant mean differences in metabolic activity between the three groups: nonsmokers, electronic cigarette users, and smokers in any target tissue. Amygdala metabolic activity, as measured by 18FDG uptake in FDG‐PET/CT scans, positively correlated with inflammation in the splenocardiac tissues, including: the aorta, bone marrow, and spleen, underscoring the existence of a neural‐hematopoietic‐inflammatory axis in healthy, young adults.
Early life parameters and personality affect oxidative status during adulthood in an altricial rodent
Authors: Rödel Heiko G. , Jardim Veridiana , Rangassamy Marylin , Jaravel Ludivine , Jacquet Daphné , Monclús Raquel , Féron Christophe , Costantini David
Published: October 2022

It is increasingly recognized that alterations of the cellular oxidative status might be an important cost underlying challenging early life conditions. For example, an increased litter size can impose challenges as the offspring will face increased competition for maternal resources. Within a litter, individuals with relatively higher starting mass typically show higher growth rates, which can lead to increased oxidative damage. We investigated the long‐term consequences of these early life parameters on the oxidative status in mature mound‐building mice (Mus spicilegus). Individual differences in the animals' exploration tendency were assessed by repeated open field and novel object tests. We predicted less exploratory phenotypes, which typically show a higher stress responsiveness, to be particularly susceptible to possible effects of these early life parameters on oxidative status. We quantified oxidative damage of DNA (8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine levels, 8‐OHdG) and proteins (protein carbonyl content, PCC), and activities of the antioxidants catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and skeletal muscle tissue. 8‐OHdG levels were positively associated with CAT and SOD in both tissues, indicating that increased oxidative DNA damage was associated with an upregulation of antioxidant production. Hepatic DNA damage after maturity was increased in animals from larger litters. In less exploratory animals, DNA damage and the activity of CAT and SOD in the muscle were increased, but only in individuals with higher relative starting mass (measured on postnatal day 9). This interaction may be explained by the typically higher adrenocortical activity in less exploratory phenotypes and by the higher growth in relatively heavier pups, two factors known to increase oxidative stress. These findings contribute to enlightening the complex interplay between early life conditions, personality, and oxidative status.
Exercise‐induced increase in M2 macrophages accelerates wound healing in young mice
Authors: Kawanishi Makoto , Kami Katsuya , Nishimura Yukihide , Minami Kohei , Senba Emiko , Umemoto Yasunori , Kinoshita Tokio , Tajima Fumihiro
Published: October 2022

Moderate‐intensity exercise performed during wound healing has been reported to decrease inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and accelerate wound healing. However, its effect on macrophage phenotype and the mechanism by which exercise accelerates wound healing remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise on macrophage phenotype during wound healing and to clarify the relationship between angiogenesis and wound healing. 12‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into sedentary (n = 6) and exercise groups (n = 6). The exercise group performed moderate‐intensity treadmill running exercise (9.0 m/min, 60 min) for 10 days. Double immunofluorescence analysis was performed using F4/80+ inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)+ for M1 macrophages, F4/80+ transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β)1+ for M2 macrophages, and CD31+ alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA)+ for angiogenesis. The exercise group showed significantly accelerated wound healing compared with the sedentary group. From early wound healing onward, exercise significantly inhibited M1 macrophage infiltration and increased M2 macrophage count. Exercise also significantly increased angiogenesis. Furthermore, the M2 macrophage phenotype was significantly correlated with angiogenesis in the exercise group, indicating that M2 macrophages and angiogenesis are related to accelerated wound healing. These findings suggest that moderate‐intensity exercise increases TGF‐β1 derived from M2 macrophages, which may be associated with enhanced angiogenesis and wound healing in young mice.
Changes in serum zinc and copper concentrations in patients with cardiovascular disease following cardiac surgery
Authors: Moravvej Zahra , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Azari Ali , Rahsepar Amir Ali , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid , Salehi Maryam , Bigdelu Leila
Published: October 2022

The trace elements copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are essential for maintaining oxidative balance, and cardiac surgery is known to provoke an increase in oxidative stress. We investigated the variations in serum Zn and Cu concentrations before and after surgery in patients undergoing on‐ and off‐pump CABG and heart valve replacement. We performed a prospective study on patients undergoing on‐ or off‐pump CABG, or heart valve replacement surgery (48, 51, and 47 patients, respectively). Venous blood samples were obtained, and serum Cu and Zn concentrations were measured preoperatively, 24 h postoperatively, and the time of discharge. In addition, echocardiography was carried out on all patients before surgery and again on the day of discharge. We found the temporal changes in Cu, Zn, and Zn/Cu ratio were significantly different in all three groups of surgery (p < 0.05). In each group, Cu and Zn values and Zn/Cu ratio decreased at the 24‐h postoperative time and rose at the discharge time. There were no significant differences between surgery groups in the changes induced in Zn or Cu values (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the concentrations of Cu and Zn were markedly reduced after on‐ and off‐pump CABG and valve replacement surgery. This may suggest that supplementary Zn and Cu administration could be beneficial during open‐heart surgeries. However, more long‐term studies with more patients are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Modeling renal autoregulation in a hemodynamic, first‐trimester gestational model
Authors: van Ochten Maaike , Westerhof Berend E. , Spaanderman Marc E. A. , Antonius Tim A. J. , van Drongelen Joris
Published: October 2022

The maternal cardiovascular system, led by renal volume regulatory responses, changes during pregnancy to ensure an adequate circulation for fetal development and growth. Circulatory maladjustment predisposes to hypertensive complications during pregnancy. Mathematical models can be used to gain insight in the gestational cardiovascular physiology. In this study, we developed an accurate, robust, and transparent model for renal autoregulation implemented in an existing circulatory gestational model. This renal autoregulation model aims to maintain steady glomerular pressure by the myogenic response, and glomerular filtration rate by tubuloglomerular feedback, both by inducing a change in the radius, and thus resistance, of the afferent arteriole. The modeled response of renal blood flow and the afferent arteriole following blood pressure increase were compared to published observations in rats. With solely the myogenic response, our model had a maximum deviation of 7% in change in renal blood flow and 7% in renal vascular resistance. When both the myogenic response and tubuloglomerular feedback were concurrently activated, the maximum deviation was 7% in change in renal blood flow and 5% in renal vascular resistance. These results show that our model is able to represent renal autoregulatory behavior comparable to empirical data. Further studies should focus on extending the model with other regulatory mechanisms to understand the hemodynamic changes in healthy and complicated pregnancy.
Trust, Information and Pre-contractual Liability
Authors: Grundmann Stefan
Published: October 2022

This article explores on two ‘strangers’ for contract law – even though, at second sight, they both would seem truly seminal to contract law. This is, on the one hand, investment advice and more generally (pre-)contractual relationships on the giving of information in capital markets – arguably the largest market and contract segment in developed market economies, or at least one of the largest, but typically rather discussed only in specialised circles. This is, on the other hand, a broad pluralist interdisciplinary theory on trust in its relationship to information – largely underexplored and even missing in parts, even though absolutely core for all trust elements in contracts. There are not few of them. The core argument is that, if sociological, ethical and philosophical approaches are included, the outcome is grossly different from what ensues from the reference to the findings of institutional economics – so far dominant at least in financial services contracts. This is true namely for the desirable design of information, for the focus on specific groups of addressees and as well for the (traditionally rather high) prerequisites of pre-contractual liability.
Construction of complexiton-type solutions using bilinear form of Hirota-type
Authors: Kaplan Melike , Raza Nauman
Published: October 2022

In this paper, based on the Hirota bilinear form and the extended transformed rational function method, complexiton solutions have been found of the Hirota–Satsuma–Ito (HSI) equation and generalized Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation through a direct symbolic computation with Maple. This method is the improved form of the transformed rational function method. The obtained complexiton solutions, includes trigonometric and hyperbolic trigonometric solutions, have verified utilizing Hirota bilinear forms. Also, a graphical representation of the obtained solutions is given.
Asymptotic behavior for stochastic plate equations with memory in unbounded domains
Authors: Yao Xiao Bin
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of stochastic plate equations with memory in unbounded domains. More specifically, we obtain the uniform in time estimates for solutions of the problem. Based on the estimates above, we prove the existence and uniqueness of random attractors in unbounded domains. Finally, we show the upper semicontinuity of the attractors when stochastic perturbations approaches zero.
A linearized finite difference scheme for time–space fractional nonlinear diffusion-wave equations with initial singularity
Authors: Elmahdi Emadidin Gahalla Mohmed , Huang Jianfei
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a linearized finite difference scheme for solving a kind of time-space fractional nonlinear diffusion-wave equations with initial singularity, where the Caputo fractional derivative in time and the Riesz fractional derivative in space are involved. First, the considered problem is equivalently transformed into its partial integro-differential form. Then, the fully discrete scheme is constructed by using the Crank–Nicolson technique, the L1 approximation, and the convolution quadrature formula to deal with the temporal discretizations. Meanwhile, the classical central difference formula and the fractional central difference formula are applied to approximate the second-order derivative and the Riesz fractional derivative in space, respectively. Moreover, the stability and convergence of the proposed scheme are strictly proved by using the discrete energy method. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
A Chebyshev collocation method for solving the non-linear variable-order fractional Bagley–Torvik differential equation
Authors: Amin Ahmed Z. , Lopes António M. , Hashim Ishak
Published: October 2022

A numerical approach based on the shifted Chebyshev–Gauss collocation method is proposed for solving the non-linear variable-order fractional Bagley–Torvik differential equation (VO-FBTE), subject to initial and boundary conditions. The shifted fractional Chebyshev–Gauss collocation points are used as interpolation nodes, and the solution of the VO-FBTE is approximated by a truncated series of the shifted Chebyshev polynomials. The residuals are calculated at the shifted fractional Chebyshev–Gauss quadrature points. The original VO-FBTE is converted into a system of algebraic equations. The accuracy of the proposed scheme is confirmed with a set of numerical examples, and the results are compared with those obtained by other methods.
Lie symmetry analysis for two-phase flow with mass transfer
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos
Published: October 2022

We perform a complete symmetry classification for the hyperbolic system of partial differential equations, which describes a drift-flux two-phase flow in a one-dimensional pipe, with a mass-transfer term between the two different phases of the fluid. In addition, we consider the polytropic equation of states parameter and gravitational forces. For general values of the polytropic indices, we find that the fluid equations are invariant under the elements of a three-dimensional Lie algebra. However, additional Lie point symmetries follow for specific values of the polytropic indices. The one-dimensional systems are investigated in each case of the classification scheme, and the similarity transformations are calculated in order to reduce the fluid equations into a system of ordinary differential equations. Exact solutions are derived, while the reduced systems are studied numerically.
The influence pulse-like near-field earthquakes on repairability index of reversible in mid-and short-rise buildings
Authors: Bavandi Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Conventional earthquake-resistant systems, often experience inelastic behavior in a part of the structure during a large earthquake and eventually causing residual deformation and damage to the structure. Repairing these damages are unaffordable and often leads to structure destruction. Therefore, the use of structures with the ability to focus damage on interchangeable elements, which leads to reduced earthquake damage, is very important. Due to the importance of the performance of self-centering structures to reduce their damage against various earthquakes, in this study, the Repairability Index of Post-tensioned Self-Centering Frame for Near-Field earthquake (RIPSCF-N) has been developed. According to the 12 models of the studied building, a building that can be repaired, that the maximum rotation in its connection after the earthquake does not exceed the rotation of the immediate occupancy performance. Based on this, the output data of Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) in OpenSees were drawn according to the connection of relative rotation and spectral acceleration. According to the predicted performance levels of Garlock for each acceleration level, the value of the connection opening is divided by the opening of the Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) level. The resulting curve shows the repairability index according to spectral acceleration, which if less than one, the repairability target is achieved. To evaluate the damage of angles, the Angle Failure Probability of Post-tensioned Self-Centering Frame for Near-Field earthquake (AFPPSCF-N) has been developed. This index equation is determined according to the fragility curve and the intensity of damage in each building.
Insights into the protective capacity of human dental pulp stem cells and its secretome in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity: effects on oxidative stress and histological changes
Authors: Ranjbar Esmail , Tavakol Afshari Jalil , KhajaviRad Abolfazl , Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan Alireza , Shafieian Reyhaneh
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Acute renal injury (AKI) is a major limiting factor for cisplatin administration. Recent evidence suggests the potential contribution of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to rehabilitation from several disorders via both direct and indirect routes. Thus, the present study aimed, for the first time, to explore and compare the reno-protective potential of human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) vs. hDPSC-conditioned medium (hDPSC-CM) in recovery of impaired kidney tissues in a rat animal model of cisplatin-induced AKI.

Methods

AKI was induced via cisplatin injection (n=36). One day after, 24 rats were treated with either hDPSCs or hDPSC-CM (n=12). An extra set of rats (n=12) served as sham group. On days 2 or 7 (n=6), rats were humanly sacrificed for further analysis. Renal injury was explored via measuring serum creatinine and BUN. Renal level of oxidative stress was assessed by determining malondialdehyde, and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Renal histopathological changes were scored for comparison among different experimental groups.

Results

A single dose of cisplatin resulted in considerable renal dysfunction and oxidative stress. Treatment with hDPSCs or hDPSC-CM resulted in significantly restored renal function, reduced level of oxidative stress, and improved histopathological manifestations. Furthermore, as compared to hDPSC-CM, administration of hDPSCs led to superior results in AKI-induced animals.

Conclusions

The current study described the first comparative evidence of reno-protective potential of hDPSCs and their CM against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in an AKI rat model, proposing them as useful adjunctive therapy in AKI. Yet, future explorations are still needed.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial to evaluate the effect of EstroSense® on 2-hydroxyestrone:16α-hydroxyestrone ratio in premenopausal women
Authors: Green Tim , See Janet , Schauch Marita , Reil Julie , Glover Melissa , Brix Jennifer , Gerry Adella , Li Kathy , Newman Mark , Gahler Roland J. , Wood Simon
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Some estrogen metabolites are associated with increased breast cancer risk, while others are protective. Research efforts have focused on modifiable factors, including bioactive compounds found in food or supplements, promoting estrogen profiles with anti-cancer properties. EstroSense® is a nutraceutical product with bioactive compounds, including Indole-3-carbinol and green-tea catechins, which may favourably affect estrogen profiles. This study was conducted to determine if EstroSense use, compared to placebo, promotes a higher urinary 2-hydroxyestrone:16α-hydroxyestrone ratio (2-OHE1:16α-OHE1), a biomarker associated with a lowered risk of breast cancer.

Methods

A total of 148 premenopausal women were recruited from British Columbia, Canada to participate in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, multicentre, placebo-controlled study in which women were randomized to a treatment sequence that consisted of either EstroSense®, followed by placebo or vice-versa. The women were instructed to consume three capsules per day of EstroSense® or the placebo for three menstrual cycles (∼12 weeks). The primary outcome was the measurement of 2-OHE1:16α-OHE1 in casual samples at baseline and after each treatment phase.

Results

After 12 weeks of intervention, the mean (95% CI) urinary 2-OHE1:16α-OHE1 was 4.55 (2.69, 6.42) (p<0.001) higher following EstroSense than placebo adjusted for baseline values.

Conclusions

EstroSense use led to markedly higher urinary 2-OHE1:16α-OHE1 than the placebo, a biomarker associated with a lower risk of breast cancer.

Registration

http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02385916).
Simulation design of automobile automatic clutch based on mechatronics
Authors: Chen Chao , Hernández Danaysa Macías , Martinez Silega Nemuri
Published: October 2022

This article aims to study the simulation and design of automobile automatic clutch under mechatronics. A new control strategy for the automatic clutch of the electromagnetic transmission is proposed. The clutch mechanism model, clutch drive model, clutch system model, and internal combustion engine model are constructed. The fuzzy logic control performance of the automatic clutch was verified in different operating modes, including starting on flat roads and mountain roads. The method provides a reasonable reference for the design of an automatic clutch of electromagnetic continuously variable transmission.
Pressurizer system dynamic model for transient control in PWR
Authors: Selim Hala K. , El-Sahlamy Neama M.
Published: October 2022

The pressurizer system of pressurized water reactor (PWR) maintains the reactor coolant system pressure during steady-state operation and limits pressure changes during transients. The in/out surge transients will cause pressure variations and they are controlled by either the spray system or the heater system. The spray system is actuated when the pressure exceeds a preset value. The heater system is initiated when the pressure falls below a preset value. The fundamental understanding and a reliable modeling of the pressurizer system behavior under steady state and transient conditions are needed to simulate overall nuclear power plant behavior. In the present study, an algorithm using Python 3.7 is developed to represent the dynamic behavior of the pressurizer system under steady-state and during in/out surge transients. Moreover, RELAP5 code is used to simulate the pressurizer system during the prescribed transients. The analysis and assessment results demonstrate satisfactory control performance during the in/out surge transients that guarantee the safety of PWR during operation. Also, the comparison between Python algorithm and RELAP5 model illustrates the capability and effectiveness of the Python algorithm for dynamic simulation and control.
Double domination in maximal outerplanar graphs
Authors: Zhuang Wei , Zheng Qiuju
Published: October 2022

In graph

G

G

, a vertex dominates itself and its neighbors. A subset

S
⊆
V

(

G

)

S\subseteq V\left(G)

is said to be a double-dominating set of

G

G

if

S

S

dominates every vertex of

G

G

at least twice. The double domination number

γ

×
2

(

G

)

{\gamma }_{\times 2}\left(G)

is the minimum cardinality of a double dominating set of

G

G

. We show that if

G

G

is a maximal outerplanar graph on

n
≥
3

n\ge 3

vertices, then

γ

×
2

(

G

)

≤

2
n

3

{\gamma }_{\times 2}\left(G)\le ⌊\frac{2n}{3}⌋

. Further, if

n
≥
4

n\ge 4

, then

γ

×
2

(

G

)

≤
min

n
+
t

2

,
n
−
t

{\gamma }_{\times 2}\left(G)\le \min \left\{⌊\frac{n+t}{2}⌋,n-t\right\}

, where

t

t

is the number of vertices of degree 2 in

G

G

. These bounds are shown to be tight. In addition, we also study the case that

G

G

is a striped maximal outerplanar graph.
Existence and uniqueness of solutions to the norm minimum problem on digraphs
Authors: Wang Chong
Published: October 2022

In this article, based on the path homology theory of digraphs, which has been initiated and studied by Grigor’yan, Lin, Muranov, and Yau, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the problem

∥

w

∥

=

min

u
∈

Ω

2

(

G

)

,
u
≠
0

1

2

∥

∂
u
−
w

∥

2

2

+

∣

u

∣

1

\parallel w\parallel =\mathop{\min }\limits_{u\in {\Omega }_{2}\left(G),u\ne 0}\left\{\phantom{\rule[-1.25em]{}{0ex}},\frac{1}{2}{\parallel \partial u-w\parallel }_{2}^{2}+{| u| }_{1}\right\}

for

w
∈

H

1

(

G

)

w\in {H}_{1}\left(G)

and any digraph

G

G

generated by squares and triangles belonging to the same cluster.
Characterization of hydrogen assisted corrosion cracking of a high strength aluminum alloy
Authors: Yang Xiao , Liu Yan , Zhang Xian-feng , Li Xue-feng , Zhang Xin-yao , Gao Ling-qing
Published: October 2022

Environmentally and hydrogen assisted cracking can occur during application of high-strength aluminum alloys. However, there are only few suitable laboratory procedures to characterize and evaluate the environmentally and hydrogen assisted cracking behavior of materials. By optimizing the hydrogen charging parameters and slow strain rate, a multidimensional test procedure was established, which could simulate the actual working environment and could realize the test and evaluation of hydrogen assisted cracking susceptibility in the laboratory. Moreover, it provides a new environmental adaptability evaluation method for the high-strength aluminum alloy materials.
Characterisation of a wire arc additive manufactured 308L stainless steel cylindrical component
Authors: Bellamkonda Prasanna Nagasai , Sudersanan Malarvizhi , Visvalingam Balasubramanian
Published: October 2022

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that uses a modified robotic welding machine to manufacture parts in a layer-by-layer pattern. In the current study, a 308L stainless steel (SS) cylindrical component was manufactured by WAAM technique using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. The mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the deposited WAAM 308L SS cylinder were investigated. The microhardness of the WAAM SS cylinder varied slightly along the building direction. The lower zone of the cylinder showed higher hardness than the middle and upper zones. The tensile strength (TS), yield strength (YS) and elongation (EL) of the WAAM 308L cylinder are 331–356 MPa, 535–582 MPa, and 44–51% in the longitudinal, transverse and diagonal orientations, respectively. The microstructure of the WAAM SS cylinder is characterized by austenite dendrites that grow vertically and residual ferrite that exists within the austenite matrix. The results show that the properties of 308L SS cylinder produced by the GMAW-WAAM technique is matching with wrought 308L SS alloy (YS: 360–480 MPa, UTS: 530–650 MPa and EL: 35–45%). Therefore, the GMAW-WAAM 308L SS technique is found to be suitable for industrial use to manufacture stainless steel components.
Effects of forging on the mechanical properties of B4Cp/Al composite with flaked Al and Al2O3 particles
Authors: Shi Wenchao , Cao Hong , Chen An , Cui Beishun , Xu Feng , Xue Chuanmei , Gong Dongmei
Published: October 2022

To flake the pure aluminum powder, ball grinding and forging are used. The mechanical properties of the forged B4Cp/Al composite are tested. The results show that ball milling can flake the pure aluminum powder. The alumina layer of Al2O3 on the surface of aluminum powder are broken during the ball milling and can be dispersed in the matrix as reinforcement. The hardness of the forged aluminum with flaked Al is higher of 19.5% than that without flaked. The forging can increase ultimate tensile strength of the B4Cp/Al composite. Increasing B4C volume fraction, the average hardness of the forged B4C/Al composite with flaked Al powder gradually increases, relative density gradually decreases, ultimate tensile strength first increases and then decreases.
Fracture mechanical evaluation of the material HCT590X
Authors: Schramm Britta , Weiß Deborah
Published: October 2022

For a reliable, strength-compliant and fracture-resistant design of components and technical structures and for the prevention of damage cases, both the criteria of strength calculation and fracture mechanics are essential. In contrast to strength calculation the fracture mechanics assumes the existence of cracks which might further propagate due to the operational load. First, the present paper illustrates the general procedure of a fracture mechanical evaluation of fatigue cracks in order to assess practical damage cases. Fracture mechanical fundamentals which are essential for the calculation of the stress intensity factors K
I and the experimental determination of fracture mechanical material parameters (e.g. threshold ΔK
I,th against fatigue crack growth, crack growth rate curve) are explained in detail. The subsequent fracture mechanical evaluation on the basis of the local stress situation at the crack tip and the fracture mechanical material data is executed for different materials and selected crack problems. Hereby, the main focus is on the material HCT590X as it is the essential material being investigated by TRR285.