bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SERUM TOTAL BILIRUBIN, NOT CHOLELITHIASIS, IS INFLUENCED BY UGT1A1 POLYMORPHISM, ALPHA THALASSEMIA AND S GENOTYPE: FIRST REPORT ON COMPARISON BETWEEN ARAB-INDIAN AND AFRICAN S GENES
Authors: ALkindi Said Y , Pathare Anil , Alkindi Salam
Published: January 2016

Background: We explored the potential relationship between steady state serum bilirubin levels and the incidence of cholelithiasis in the context of UGT1A1 gene A(TA)nTAA promoter polymorphism in Omani sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients, homozygotes for African (Benin and Bantu) and Arab-Indian bS haplotypes, but sharing the same microgeographical environment and comparable life style factors. Methods: 136 SCA patients were retrospectively studied in whom imaging data including abdominal CT scan, MRI or Ultrasonography was routinely available. Available data on the mean steady state hematological/biochemical parameters (n=136),  bs haplotypes(n=136), a globin gene status (n=105) and UGT1A1 genotypes(n=133) were reviewed from the respective medical records. Results: The mean serum total bilirubin level was significantly higher in the homozygous UGT1A1(AT)7 group as compared to  UGT1A1(AT)6 group. Strikingly, cholelithiasis was not influenced by age, gender, alpha globin genotype or bS haplotypes in this SCA cohort. Conclusion: As observed in other population groups, the UGT1A1 (AT)7 homozygosity was significantly associated with raised serum total bilirubin level, but the prevalence of gallstones in the Omani SCA patients was not associated with a thalassaemia, UGT1A1 polymorphism, or bs haplotypes.
Silicone-induced Penile Sclerosing Lipogranuloma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
Authors: Tsili Athina C , Xiropotamou Olga N , Nomikos Michael , Argyropoulou Maria I
Published: January 2016

Sclerosing lipogranuloma is a rare benign disease, representing a peculiar granulomatous reaction of fatty tissue. The majority of cases are secondary to injection of exogenous foreign bodies, such as silicone, paraffin, mineral, or vegetable oils. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of a silicone-induced penile lipogranuloma in a 52-year-old man evaluated with a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, including diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. MRI of the penis by combining both conventional and functional information represents an important imaging tool in the preoperative workup of silicone-induced penile lipogranuloma.
Sharp Norm Estimates for the Bergman
Operator From Weighted Mixed-norm Spaces to Weighted Hardy Spaces
Authors: Cascante Carme , Fàbrega Joan , Ortega Joaquín M.
Published: January 2016

In this paper we give sharp norm estimates for the Bergman operator acting from weighted
mixed-norm spaces to weighted Hardy spaces in the ball, endowed with natural norms.
Непрерывная $\varepsilon$-выборка
Authors: Tsar'kov Igor' Germanovich
Published: January 2016

В работе изучаются свойства множеств, для которых существует непрерывная выборка из множества почти
наилучших приближений. Устанавливаются критерии существования непрерывных аддитивных
и мультипликативных $\varepsilon$-выборок в случае замкнутых множеств. Получены условия, гарантирующие
непрерывные выборки для устойчивых многозначных отображений с необязательно выпуклыми образами.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Тауберова теорема для кратных степенных рядов
Authors: Yakymiv Arsen Lubomirovich
Published: January 2016

Рассматриваются кратные последовательности $\{a(i)\geqslant 0, i\in Z_+^n\}$. Вводится понятие односторонней слабой осцилляции таких последовательностей вдоль последовательности
$$
\{m=m(k)=(m_1(k),…,m_n(k)), m_j(k)>0 \forall j=1,…,n, k\in \mathbb N\}
$$ такой, что $m_j(k)\to\infty$ для всех $j=1,…,n$ при $k\to\infty$. Из асимптотики производящей функции $A(s)$, $s\in[0,1)^n$, изучаемой кратной последовательности при $s=(e^{-\lambda_1/m_1},…,e^{-\lambda_n/m_n})$ и $k\to\infty$ ($\lambda_1,…,\lambda_n$ - положительны и фиксированы) выводится
асимптотика для последовательности $a(x_1m_1,…, x_nm_n)$ (числа $x_1,…,x_n$ - положительны и фиксированы). Доказанная тауберова теорема обобщает несколько тауберовых теорем, полученных автором ранее при исследовании некоторых классов случайных подстановок и случайных отображений конечного множества в себя. При этом исходным результатом в этом направлении является известная тауберова теорема Караматы для производящих функций последовательностей.
Библиография: 36 названий.
Post-Object Fandom Television, Identity and Self-narrative
Authors: Williams Rebecca
Published: January 2016

Fandom is generally viewed as an integral part of everyday life which impacts upon how we form emotional bonds with ourselves and others in a modern, mediated world. Whilst it is inevitable for television series to draw to a close, the reactions of fans have rarely been considered. Williams explores this everyday occurrence through close analysis of television fans to examine how they respond to, discuss, and work through their feelings when shows finish airing. Through a range of case studies, including The West Wing (NBC, 2000-2006), Lost (ABC 2004 -2010), Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997-2003), Doctor Who (BBC 1963-1989; 2005-), The X-Files (FOX, 1993-2002), Firefly (FOX, 2002) and Sex and the City (HBO, 1998-2004), Williams considers how fans prepare for the final episodes of shows, how they talk about this experience with fellow fans, and how, through re-viewing, discussion and other fan practices, they seek to maintain their fandom after the show's cessation.
Ash and ice clouds during the Mt. Kelud Feb 2014 eruption as interpreted from IASI and AVHRR/3 observations
Authors: Kylling Arve
Published: January 2016

Abstract. During the Mt. Kelud Feb 2014 eruption the ash cloud was detectable on 13–14 Feb in the infrared with the reverse absorption technique by, for example, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/3). The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observed the ash cloud also on 15 Feb when AVHRR did not detect any ash signal. The differences between ash detection with AVHRR/3 and IASI are discussed and the reasons for the differences supported with radiative transfer modelling. The effect of conccurent ice clouds on the ash detection and the ash signal in the IASI measurements is demonstrated. Speciﬁcally, a radiative transfer model is used to simulate IASI spectra with ash only, with ice cloud only and with both ash and ice clouds. It is shown that modelled IASI spectra with ash and ice clouds better reproduce the measured IASI spectra than ash only or ice only modelled spectra. The ash and ice modelled spectra that best reproduce the IASI spectra contain about a factor of 14 less ash than the ash only spectra that come closest to reproducing the measured spectra.
A method to improve the utilization of GNSS observation for water vapor tomography
Authors: Yao Y. B. , Zhao Q. Z. , Zhang B.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. Existing water vapor tomographic methods use Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals penetrating the entire research area while they do not consider signals passing through its sides. This leads to the decreasing use of observed satellite signals and allows for no signals crossing from the bottom or edge areas especially for those voxels in research areas of interest. Consequently, the accuracy of the tomographic results for the bottom of a research area, and the overall reconstructed accuracy do not reach their full potential. To solve this issue, an approach which uses GPS data with both signals that pass the side and top of a research area is proposed. The advantages of proposed approach include improving the utilization of existing GNSS observations and increasing the number of voxels crossed by satellite signals. One point should be noted that the proposed approach needs the support of radiosonde data inside the tomographic region. A tomographic experiment was implemented using observed GPS data from the Continuously Operating Reference System (CORS) Network of Zhejiang Province, China. The comparison of tomographic results with data from a radiosonde shows that the root mean square error (RMS), bias, mean absolute error (MAE), and standard deviation (SD) of the proposed approach are superior to those of the traditional method.
Cross-field transport and pitch-angle anisotropy of solar energetic particles in MHD turbulence
Authors: Fraschetti F.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. Recent modelling of solar energetic particles (SEPs) propagation through the heliospheric turbulence, also discussed in this workshop, has investigated the role of the pitch-angle scattering and the perpendicular transport in spreading particles in heliolongitude, as shown by multi-spacecraft measurements (STEREO A/B, ACE, SOHO, etc.) at 1 AU in various energy ranges. In some events the first-order pitch-angle anisotropy of the particles distribution is not-negligible. We calculate the average perpendicular displacement due to the gradient/curvature drift in an inhomogeneous turbulence accounting for pitch-angle dependence for two MHD turbulence models: (a) 3-D isotropic, (b) anisotropic as conjectured by Goldreich-Sridhar. We find in both cases that the drift scales as (1 − μ2)2 with the cosine of pitch-angle μ, in contrast with previous models for transport of SEPs. This result can impact the models of propagation of SEPs through the heliosphere.
Soil carbon sequestration by three perennial legume pastures is greater in deeper soil layers than in the surface soil
Authors: Guan X.-K. , Turner N. C. , Song L. , Gu Y.-J. , Wang T.-C. , Li F.-M.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role as both a sink for and source of atmospheric carbon. Revegetation of degraded arable land in China is expected to increase soil carbon sequestration, but the role of perennial legumes on soil carbon stocks in semiarid areas has not been quantified. In this study, we assessed the effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and two locally adapted forage legumes, bush clover (Lespedeza davurica S.) and milk vetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) on the SOC concentration and SOC stock accumulated annually over a 2 m soil profile. The results showed that the concentration of SOC in the bare soil decreased slightly over the 7 years, while 7 years of legume growth substantially increased the concentration of SOC over the 0–2.0 m soil depth. Over the 7-year growth period the SOC stocks increased by 24.1, 19.9 and 14.6 Mg C ha−1 under the alfalfa, bush clover and milk vetch stands, respectively, and decreased by 4.2 Mg C ha−1 in the bare soil. The sequestration of SOC in the 1–2 m depth of the soil accounted for 79, 68 and 74 % of the SOC sequestered in the 2 m deep soil profile under alfalfa, bush clover and milk vetch, respectively. Conversion of arable land to perennial legume pasture resulted in a significant increase in SOC, particularly at soil depths below 1 m.
Effect of ocean acidification and elevated fCO2 on trace gas production by a Baltic Sea summer phytoplankton community
Authors: Webb A.L. , Leedham-Elvidge E. , Hughes C. , Hopkins F.E. , Malin G. , Bach L.T. , Schulz K. , Crawfurd K. , Brussaard C.P.D. , Stuhr A. , Riebesell U. , Liss P.S.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a unique environment as the largest body of brackish water in the world. Acidification of the surface oceans due to absorption of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is an additional stressor facing the pelagic community of the already challenging Baltic Sea. To investigate its impact on trace gas biogeochemistry, a large-scale mesocosm experiment was performed off Tvärminne Research Station, Finland in summer 2012. During the second half of the experiment, dimethylsulphide (DMS) concentrations in the highest fCO2 mesocosms (1075–1333 μatm) were 34 % lower than at ambient CO2 (350 μatm). However the net production (as measured by concentration change) of seven halocarbons analysed was not significantly affected by even the highest CO2 levels after 5 weeks exposure. Methyl iodide (CH3I) and diiodomethane (CH2I2) showed 15 % and 57 % increases in mean mesocosm concentration (3.8 ± 0.6 pmol L−1 increasing to 4.3 ± 0.4 pmol L−1 and 87.4 ± 14.9 pmol L−1 increasing to 134.4 ± 24.1 pmol L−1 respectively) during Phase II of the experiment, which were unrelated to CO2 and corresponded to 30 % lower Chl-ɑ concentrations compared to Phase I. No other iodocarbons increased or showed a peak, with mean chloroiodomethane (CH2ClI) concentrations measured at 5.3 (± 0.9) pmol L−1 and iodoethane (C2H5I) at 0.5 (± 0.1) pmol L−1. Of the concentrations of bromoform (CHBr3; mean 88.1 ± 13.2 pmol L−1), dibromomethane (CH2Br2; mean 5.3 ± 0.8 pmol L−1) and dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl, mean 3.0 ± 0.5 pmol L−1), only CH2Br2 showed a decrease of 17 % between Phases I and II, with CHBr3 and CHBr2Cl showing similar mean concentrations in both Phases. Outside the mesocosms, an upwelling event was responsible for bringing colder, high CO2, low pH water to the surface starting on day t16 of the experiment; this variable CO2 system with frequent upwelling events implies the community of the Baltic Sea is acclimated to regular significant declines in pH caused by up to 800 μatm fCO2. After this upwelling, DMS concentrations declined, but halocarbon concentrations remained similar or increased compared to measurements prior to the change in conditions. Based on our findings, with future acidification of Baltic Sea waters, biogenic halocarbon emissions are likely to remain at similar values to today, however emissions of biogenic sulphur could significantly decrease from this region.
High net CO2 and CH4 release at a eutrophic shallow lake on a formerly drained fen
Authors: Franz D. , Koebsch F. , Larmanou E. , Augustin J. , Sachs T.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. Drained peatlands often act as carbon dioxide (CO2) hotspots. Raising the groundwater table is expected to reduce their CO2 contribution to the atmosphere and revitalize their function as carbon (C) sink in the long term. Without strict water management rewetting often results in partial flooding and the formation of spatially heterogeneous, nutrient-rich shallow lakes. Uncertainties remain as to when the intended effect of rewetting is achieved, as this specific ecosystem type has hardly been investigated in terms of greenhouse gas exchange (GHG) exchange. In most cases, methane (CH4) emissions increase under anoxic conditions due to a higher water table and in terms of global warming potential (GWP) outperform the shift towards CO2 uptake, at least in the short-term. Based on eddy covariance measurements we studied the ecosystem–atmosphere exchange of CH4 and CO2 (NEE) at a shallow lake situated on a former fen grassland in Northeast (NE) Germany. The lake evolved shortly after flooding, 9 years previous to our investigation period. The ecosystem consists of two main surface types: open water (inhabited by submerged and floating vegetation) and emergent vegetation (particularly including the eulittoral zone of the lake, dominated by Typha latifolia). To determine the individual contribution of the two main surface types to the net CO2 and CH4 exchange of the whole lake ecosystem, we combined footprint analysis with CH4 modelling and NEE partitioning. The CH4 and CO2 dynamics were strikingly different between open water and emergent vegetation. Net CH4 emissions from the open water area were around 4-fold higher than from emergent vegetation stands, accounting for 53 and 13 g CH4 m−2 a−1, respectively. In addition, both surface types were net CO2 sources with 158 and 750 g CO2 m−2 a−1, respectively. Unusual meteorological conditions in terms of a warm and dry summer and a mild winter might have facilitated high respiration rates. In sum, even after 9 years of rewetting the lake ecosystem exhibited a considerable C loss and global warming impact, the latter mainly driven by high CH4 emissions. We assume the eutrophic conditions in combination with permanent high inundation as major reasons for the unfavourable GHG balance.
Ice crystal c-axis orientation and mean grain size measurements from the Dome Summit South ice core, Law Dome, East Antarctica
Authors: Treverrow A. , Li J. , Jacka T. H.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. We present measurements of crystal c-axis orientations and mean grain area from the Dome Summit South (DSS) ice core drilled on Law Dome, East Antarctica. These data are from 185 individual thin sections obtained between a depth of 117 m below the surface and the bottom of the DSS core at a depth of 1196 m. The median number of c-axis orientations recorded in each thin section was 100, with values ranging from 5 through to 111 orientations. The data from all 185 thin sections are provided in a single comma separated value (csv) formatted file which contains the c-axis orientations in polar coordinates, depth information for each core section from which the data were obtained, the mean grain area calculated for each thin section and other data related to the drilling site. The data set is also available as a MATLAB™ structure array. Additionally, the c-axis orientation data from each thin of the 185 thin sections are summarised graphically in figures containing a Schmidt diagram, histogram of c-axis colatitudes and rose plot of c-axis azimuths. All of these data are referenced by doi:10.4225/15/5669050CC1B3B and are available free of charge at https://data.antarctica.gov.au.
Mapping the Antarctic Polar Front: Weekly realizations from 2002 to 2014
Authors: Freeman Natalie M. , Lovenduski Nicole S.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. We map the weekly position of the Antarctic Polar Front (PF) in the Southern Ocean over a 12-year period (2002–2014) using satellite sea surface temperature (SST) estimated from cloud-penetrating microwave radiometers. Our study advances previous efforts to map the PF using hydrographic and satellite data and provides a unique realization of the PF at weekly resolution across all longitudes (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.855640). The mean path of the PF is asymmetric; its latitudinal position spans from 44 to 64° S along its circumpolar path. SST at the PF ranges from 0.6 to 6.9 °C, reflecting the large spread in latitudinal position. The average intensity of the front is 1.7 °C per 100 km, with intensity ranging from 1.4 to 2.3 °C per 100 km. Front intensity is significantly correlated with the depth of bottom topography, suggesting that the front intensifies over shallow bathymetry. Realizations of the PF are consistent with the corresponding surface expressions of the PF estimated using expendable bathythermograph data in the Drake Passage and Australian and African sectors. The climatological mean position of the PF is similar, though not identical, to previously published estimates. As the PF is a key indicator of physical circulation, surface nutrient concentration, and biogeography in the Southern Ocean, future studies of physical and biogeochemical oceanography in this region will benefit from the provided data set.
Surface Radiation during the Total Solar Eclipse over Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, on 20 March 2015
Authors: Maturilli M. , Ritter C.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. On 20 March 2015, a total solar eclipse occurred over Ny-Ålesund (78.9° N, 11.9° E), Svalbard, in the high Arctic. It has been the first time that the surface radiation components during the totality of a solar eclipse have been measured by a Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) station. With the Ny-Ålesund long term radiation data set as background (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.150000), we here present the peculiarities of the radiation components and basic meteorology observed during the eclipse event. The supplementary data set contains the basic BSRN radiation and surface meteorological data in 1-minute resolution for March 2015, and is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.854326. The eclipse radiation data will be a useful auxiliary data set for further studies on micro-meteorological surface-atmosphere exchange processes in the Svalbard environment, and may serve as a test case for radiative transfer studies.
Evaluating Statistical Consistency in the Ocean Model Component of the Community Earth System Model (pyCECT v2.0)
Authors: Baker A. H. , Hu Y. , Hammerling D. M. , Tseng Y. , Xu H. , Huang X. , Bryan F. O. , Yang G.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. The Parallel Ocean Program (POP), the ocean model component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), is widely used in climate research. Most current work in CESM-POP focuses on improving the model's efficiency or accuracy, such as improving numerical methods, advancing parameterization, porting to new architectures, or increasing parallelism. Because ocean dynamics are chaotic in nature, achieving bit-for-bit (BFB) identical results in ocean solutions cannot be guaranteed for even tiny code modifications, and determining whether model changes are admissible (i.e. statistically consistent with the original results) is non-trivial. In recent work, an ensemble-based statistical approach was shown to work well for statistical consistency testing on atmospheric model data. The general idea of the ensemble-based statistical consistency testing is to use a qualitative measurement of the variability of the ensemble of simulations as a metric with which to compare future simulations and make a determination of statistical distinguishability. Because ocean and atmosphere models have differing characteristics in term of dynamics and time-scales, we present a new statistical method to evaluate ocean model simulation data that requires the evaluation of ensemble means and deviations in a spatial manner. In particular, the statistical distribution from an ensemble of CESM-POP simulations is used to determine the standard score of any new model solution at each grid point. Then the percentage of points that have scores greater than a specified threshold indicates whether the new model simulation is statistically distinguishable from the ensemble simulations. Both ensemble size and composition are important. Our experiments indicate that the new POP ensemble consistency test (POP-ECT) tool is capable of distinguishing cases which should be statistically consistent with the ensemble and those which should not, as well as providing a simple, subjective and systematic way to detect errors in CESM-POP due to the hardware or software stack, positively impacting quality assurance for the CESM-POP code.
The improvement of soil thermodynamics and its effects on land surface meteorology in the IPSL climate model
Authors: Wang F. , Cheruy F. , Dufresne J.-L.
Published: January 2016

Abstract. This paper describes the implementation of an improved soil thermodynamics in the hydrological module of Earth system model (ESM) developed at the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) and its effects on land surface meteorology in the IPSL climate model. A common vertical discretization scheme for the soil moisture and for the soil temperature is adopted. In addition to the heat conduction process, the heat transported by liquid water into the soil is modeled. The thermal conductivity and the heat capacity are parameterized as a function of the soil moisture and the texture. Preliminary tests are performed in an idealized 1-D (one-dimensional) framework and the full model is then evaluated in the coupled land–atmospheric module of the IPSL ESM. A nudging approach is used in order to avoid the time-consuming long-term simulations required to account for the natural variability of the climate. Thanks to this nudging approach, the effects of the modified parameterizations can be modeled. The dependence of the soil thermal properties on moisture and texture lead to the most significant changes in the surface energy budget and in the surface temperature, with the strongest effects on the surface energy budget taking place over dry areas and during the night. This has important consequences on the mean surface temperature over dry areas and during the night and on its short-term variability. The parameterization of the soil thermal properties could therefore explain some of the temperature biases and part of the dispersion over dry areas in simulations of extreme events such as heat waves in state-of-the-art climate models.
Beyond Science and Hysteria: Reality and Perceptions of Environmental Justice Concerns Surrounding Marcellus and Utica Shale Gas Development
Authors: Eisenberg Ann M.
Published: January 2016

The debate surrounding the use of hydraulic fracturing (also known as “fracking” or “HF”) to extract natural gas from the Marcellus and Utica shale deposits is often characterized as a tension between economic development and environmental risks.  But frequently missing from this dichotomy is the fact that the concerns of many who oppose HF use extend beyond the purely “environmental,” and also include concerns about issues such as “the natural resource curse” and losing autonomy.  These concerns ring of “environmental justice” rather than “environmentalism.”  Environmental justice espouses the belief that no group should bear disproportionate environmental consequences resulting from industrial activity, and that people affected by industrial activity should be meaningfully involved in implementation.  Although some federal and state policies acknowledge principles of environmental justice, it has yet to be meaningfully incorporated into any legal framework in the United States.This Article argues that a nuanced characterization of the HF controversy should include a more robust discussion of both environmental justice and discourse in order to account for the inordinate burden residents of Appalachia have historically borne in fossil fuel production.  Part I examines relevant regional economic and social dynamics, including the natural resource curse, Appalachia’s unique vulnerabilities, efforts to portray opponents of shale gas development as “anti-science,” and the environmental justice movement’s relationship to extractive industries.  Part II reviews the use of modern HF technology and applicable legal frameworks in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York.  Part III argues that across Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, environmental justice issues have arisen from shale gas development, including problems stemming from information asymmetries, power asymmetries, and limited access to justice.  In Part IV, the Article argues that the “anti-science” portrayal of shale gas opponents is unjustified, and that such “discourse-framing” obfuscates the actual costs and limitations on benefits of HF use, and thus, becomes an environmental justice issue itself.  Part IV also argues that environmental justice concerns shaped public sentiment in New York, and that the resulting “moral outrage” added to New York’s policy decision to ban HF altogether.  In Part V, the Article suggests that ideas which transcend the study of “moral outrage”/risk assessment and environmental justice advocacy may offer a way forward.
The Relationship between of Teacher Competence, Emotional Intelligence and Teacher Performance Madrasah Tsanawiyah at District of Serang Banten
Authors: Wahyuddin Wawan
Published: January 2016

This study wants to examine the relationship between teacher competence and emotional intelligence that held by teachers to increase the teacher performance Madrasah Tsanawiyah at district of Serang Banten. This research was conducted with the quantitative method, through analysis descriptive and inferential. Samples the research were teachers Madrasah Tsanawiyah with using the instrument as a means of data collection, the results showed that there is a relationship between teacher competence to teacher performance, as well as emotional intelligence has relationship with the teacher performance. Improvement the teacher performance due to increased and improvement the teacher competence and emotional intelligence. So therefore, it takes a real effort of various parties in improvement the teacher competence and emotional intelligence held by teachers, improvement the teacher competence and emotional intelligence will give a positive result to the improvement and enhancement of the teacher performance in the learning process in schools.
Entrepreneurship on the Farm: Kentucky Grower Perceptions of Benefits and Barriers
Authors: Camenisch Amy , Bastin Sandra , Hege Amanda
Published: January 2016

The popularity of buying local and the resurgence of farmers markets has increased the need for farmer product diversification. In Kentucky, legislation was passed to allow farmers to produce value-added horticulture products from their homes. Following specific food-safe guidelines, homebased processors (HBP) and microprocessors (HBM) could sell pre-determined value-added products at their local farmers markets. This study administered an online survey to HBP and HBM participants in order to achieve the following objectives: 1) Determine the perceived success of farmer produced value-added food products, 2) Identify which support programs farmers are aware of or use, 3) Discover the primary perceived barriers to developing value-added food products, and 4) Ascertain what factors influence the development of a value-added food product business. Participants felt their value-added products were successful but many felt they struggled to bring their products to market. The primary barriers to developing value-added products were lack of time, funding, and legal knowledge. The primary barriers to using pre-existing program resources were not having enough time, being unaware of the services offered, and programs being held in locations too far away from their farm. The information gathered by this study can be used to determine the addressable farmer needs in product diversification. It can also assist programs in making their services more available and applicable to farm entrepreneurs.
‘Dissenting opinions’ in religiezaken voor het Europees Hof (I)
Authors: van Bijsterveld Sophie
Published: January 2016

Dissenting opinions in religion cases in the rulings of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights

Religion cases of the European Court of Human Rights are much commented on. A systematic analysis of dissenting opinions in religion cases, however, does not exist. Such analysis can shed light on dividing lines within the ECtHR and deepen our understanding of the methods of reasoning of the ECtHR itself. This article contains analysis of dissenting opinions in the rulings of the Grand Chamber in religion cases. The analysis shows a pattern in the dividing lines. Contrary to the prior expectation, the margin of appreciation as such forms no such dividing line. The article discusses and evaluates the findings.
Het nationaalsocialisme en de maatschappelijke zorg vanuit de kerken 1940-1945
Authors: Koolen Ben
Published: January 2016

Nazism and ecclesiastical social work 1940-1945

Some months after the German occupation of the Netherlands, the Reichskommissar inroduced a Germanlike system of collecting finances for the poor people, soon followd by an equal system of social work. These initiatives at the same time aimed at urge the national-socialistic ideology, as such dismissed by the society and the churches. The occupying authorities avoided a clash with the churches.
Theologie, universiteit en kerk
Authors: Immink Gerrit
Published: January 2016

Theology, University and the Church. The Status of Theology at Dutch Universities

The Dutch universities founded in the 16th and 17th century were public state universities with theological faculties. During the 19th century the debate about the status of theology as an academic discipline resulted in the so-called duplex ordo arrangement: the public state university followed the design of religious studies and the ‘ecclesial chairs’ in the university (systematic and practical theology) followed a Christian perspective. In the last two decades a major shift has taken place: many faculties of theology were closed and new arrangements for the academic education of the ministry were created. This article describes these developments.
Ruimte voor religie
Authors: Fraanje Rien
Published: January 2016

Space for religion. Liberal and christian-social arguments for the presence of religion in public square

The American philosopher Martha Nussbaum and the former Archbishop of the Anglican Church Rowan Williams both published a book three years ago pleading for room for religion in the public arena. Nussbaum makes use of, mainly, liberal arguments, whereas Williams has drenched his argument with Christian-social notions such as pluriformity, sovereignty and human connectedness. Nussbaum, on the one hand, argues that religious arguments must not be banished from the public arena. Williams, on the other hand, holds that religious arguments and stories must be heard in the public arena. Nussbaum offers clues for christian-social political parties to connect with secular parties that claim to liberal.
Agricultura, muntanyes i… La percepció de la província de Lleida per part dels estudiants universitaris catalans
Authors: Paül i Agustí Daniel
Published: January 2016

La imatge que es té d’una ciutat o d’un territori és important. Si és coneguda, el territori resultarà més proper. Si és desconeguda, poden existir condicionants importants per desenvolupar- hi certes activitats. L’estudi que es presenta mostra les diferents visions que poden existir de la província de Lleida. Sobre la base d’un qüestionari realitzat a 170 estudiants universitaris catalans es vol establir els elements que de forma més habitual s’associen amb la província. Els resultats mostren com l’agricultura constitueix l’element fonamental de la imatge genèrica de la província. No obstant això, la situació canvia quan es demana concretar aquests aspectes en un mapa. En aquest cas, les capitals de comarca i els Pirineus passen a primer pla. Aquest fet mostra una contradicció entre la imatge general que els estudiants tenen de la província de Lleida i la concreció d’aquesta imatge.
Entre la multifuncionalitat i la legitimitat social de l’agricultura: un estat de la qüestió
Authors: Ricart Casadevall Sandra
Published: January 2016

Al llarg de les darreres dècades i de forma progressiva s’ha intensificat l’atenció científica i la mobilització social al voltant del rol de l’agricultura en l’ús i la gestió dels béns comuns. En aquest context, s’ha apostat pel caràcter multifuncional de l’agricultura com a enfocament capaç d’integrar la funció productiva amb les funcions ambientals, patrimonials o paisatgístiques de la seva pràctica. Aquest article té per objectiu endinsar-se en el debat existent al voltant de la multifuncionalitat de l’agricultura i la seva legitimació social com a mecanisme de gestió territorial dels béns comuns. Per fer-ho, es duu a terme, en primer lloc, una revisió de la literatura científica que ha tractat aquesta qüestió per, tot seguit, analitzar, a partir del buidatge dels informes de l’Eurobaròmetre, quins són els vincles existents entre la multifuncionalitat, la sostenibilitat de l’agricultura i la seva legitimació social.
Nota d’agraïment de l’equip d’edició
Authors: Revista Editor
Published: January 2016

Nota d’agraïment de l’equip d’edició.
New Methods for the Analysis of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritionals
Authors: Martin Frederic , Giménez Ester Campos , Konings Erik
Published: January 2016

Water-soluble vitamins (WSVs) are a group of organic compounds which are essential micronutrients. WSVs could be divided between the B complex group and vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid). Within the B complex group, eight vitamins are recognized: vitamins B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin or niacinamide), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, or pyridoxamine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folic acid), and B12 (various cobalamins). This paper reviews the new methods for the analysis of these vitamins, with a focus on infant formula and adult nutritionals.
Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Released by Skin-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Critical for Inhibiting Th17 Cell Differentiation
Authors: Ke Fang , Zhang Lingyun , Liu Zhaoyuan , Yan Sha , Xu Zhenyao , Bai Jing , Zhu Huiyuan , Lou Fangzhou , Cai Wei , Sun Yang , Gao Yuanyuan , Wang Hong , Wang Honglin
Published: January 2016

T helper 17 (Th17) cells play an important role in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Th17 cell differentiation from naïve T cells can be induced in vitro by the cytokines transforming growth factor β1 and interleukin-6. However, it remains unclear whether other regulatory factors control the differentiation of Th17 cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune diseases. Despite the fact that several molecules have been linked to the immunomodulatory function of MSCs, many other key MSC-secreted regulators that are involved in inhibiting Th17 cell polarization are ill-defined. In this study, we demonstrated that the intraperitoneal administration of skin-derived MSCs (S-MSCs) substantially ameliorated the development of EAE in mice. We found that the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a key mediator in the pathophysiology of MS and EAE, was capable of promoting Th17 cell differentiation. Moreover, under inflammatory conditions, we demonstrated that S-MSCs produced high amounts of soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1), which binds TNF-α and antagonizes its function. Knockdown of sTNFR1 in S-MSCs decreased their inhibitory effect on Th17 cell differentiation ex vivo and in vivo. Thus, our data identified sTNFR1 and its target TNF-α as critical regulators for Th17 cell differentiation, suggesting a previously unrecognized mechanism for MSC therapy in Th17-mediated autoimmune diseases.

Significance

This study showed that administration of skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (S-MSCs) was able to alleviate the clinical score of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a critical cytokine for promoting Th17 cell differentiation. It was discovered that activated S-MSCs produced high amount of soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1), which neutralized TNF-α and inhibited Th17 cell polarization. The data identified S-MSC-secreted sTNFR1 and its target TNF-α as essential regulators for Th17 cell differentiation and revealed a novel mechanism underlying MSC-mediated immunomodulatory function in autoimmunity.
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Detection of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Fangyang Jiao  , Jingjie Ge  , Zhongwen Zhou  , Yihui Guan  , Chuantao Zuo
Published: January 2016

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare type of extranodal large B-cell lymphoma. Now, it remains a diagnostic challenge, because of non-specific findings on clinical, laboratory, and imaging studies. Here we present a case of an IVLBCL patient, who presented with fever of unknown origin and had skin involvement, that 18F-FDG PET/CT showed increased metabolism on systemic subcutaneous fat layer with a SUVmax of 1.29. After five courses of R-CHOP, 18F-FDG PET/CT showed disappearance of the diffuse FDG accumulation on systemic subcutaneous fat layer with a SUVmax of 0.55. These features make this case unique.
18F-FDG PET-CT in Cystic Tumors of the Pancreas
Authors: Anna Caterina Milanetto  , Valbona Liço  , Francesca Zoccarato  , Sergio Bissoli  , Sergio Pedrazzoli  , Claudio Pasquali
Published: January 2016

In order to plan treatment or follow-up of pancreatic cystic lesions, is crucial to distinguish benign from malignant cystic tumors with reliable, non-invasive methods. Despite evaluation with several preoperative investigations, a correct pathologic diagnosis rate does not exceed 68%. 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) has been found to be a highly sensitive and specific non-invasive procedure to detect malignancy in cystic tumors of the pancreas (CTP). The introduction of hybrid PET/CT scans allowed a more accurate localization of the foci of hypermetabolism. We reviewed 14 series (645 patients) with a CTP who underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT from 2001; four of these studies came from our group of investigators (226 patients). In the last studies, sensitivity in detecting malignancy ranged from 83 to 100% and specificity from 78 to 100%. 18F-FDG PET-CT for a long time was used only when conventional imaging was insufficient to rule out a cancer. In our experience, 18F-FDG PET-CT was found to be reliable to detect "cancer in situ" when no other investigations could detect it, so we stress the use of 18F-FDG PET-CT in the first assessment, as alternative to EUS with FNA, to exclude malignancy. We are lacking data about the use of 18F-FDG PET-CT and timing in the follow-up of patients (un)-operated. We suggest a regular use in the follow up of patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), due to their multifocality and to the high rate of extra-pancreatic cancers.
Intensive FDG-PET/CT Uptake Suggestive of Malignancy Misleading the Diagnosis of Sclerosing Pneumocytoma
Authors: Sarra  Zairi  , Antoine  Legras  , Laure  Gibault  , Nadia  Ghazzar  Pierque  , Ciprian Pricopi  , Françoise Le Pimpec Barthes
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Combined Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography with 18-fluoro-desoxy-glucose (FDG-PET/CT) is highly sensitive in differentiating malignant from benign pulmonary lesions and is part of the current recommended practices for non-invasive lung nodule assessment. However, many solid pulmonary nodules may show misleading miscellaneous features and can be mistakenly diagnosed as malignant lesions.
Case Report: Herein we report the case of a passive smoking female patient with multiple comorbidities, who was referred for a solitary pulmonary nodule randomly discovered. Chest imaging showed a middle lobe 16-mm nodule with an intensive uptake (SUVmax 7.6) highly suggestive of malignant origin. The patient underwent middle lobectomy with radical lymphadenectomy because the malignancy was not excluded on frozen section. Definitive pathological examination showed a sclerosing pneumocytoma.
Conclusion: FDG-PET/CT is an accurate imaging tool for assessment of solid pulmonary nodules. However, false positive results of some benign lesions have to be kept in mind. Therefore, FDG-PET/CT features have to be interpreted according to the patients background and clinical data, in order to provide the best appropriate management.
Concomitant Treatment for Brain Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Our Clinical Experience
Authors: S. Simonida Crvenkova  , Maja Popova
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Aim of this study was to evaluate tumor response, Quality of life (QoL) and median survival of concomitant chemotherapy (P/E) protocol with WBRT (whole brain radiotherapy) followed by P/E protocol until progression or appearance of serious adverse effects in NSCLC patients with multiple brain metastases. Methods: From December 2012 to April 2014, 12 patients were enrolled in this study. All of the patients received previous treatments. Selected patients had multiple brain metastases detected on CT and/or MRI, and the brain is only one site of disease dissemination and patients were at younger age. External beam radiotherapy was administered with two lateral opposed fields. Concurrently with WBRT, patients received P/E protocol and after 4 weeks, followed by P/E protocol repeated on 21 days until progression or appearance of serious adverse effects. Tumor response was assessed according to RECIST criteria. Assessment of QoL was performed by patients’ subjective answers, subjective improvement in emesis, ataxia, headache and seizures and without subjective improvement. Adverse effects were performed according to WHO criteria. Overall survival was analyzed from the beginning of the concomitant treatment until death or patient’s last control. Results: Common adverse events were neurotoxicity and hematology toxicity according to WHO criteria. No patient was withdrawn from the study because of the adverse events. All patients reported subjective improvements. Overall median survival was 7.5 months (95% CI 6.32-8.73). Conclusions: WBRT plus chemotherapy can improve the efficacy and QoL in NSCLC patients, because of synergistic effect and current evidence that the blood-brain barrier is damaged in patients with BM. Considering our clinical results, we recommend this treatment as safe and effective for selected NSCLC patients.
A Guide for Pain Management in Developing Nations: The Diagnosis and Assessment of Pain in Cancer Patients
Authors: Joseph  V.  Pergolizzi  , Gianpietro  Zampogna  , Robert  Taylor  , Marixa  Guerrero  , Juan Quillermo Santacruz  , Robert B. Raffa
Published: January 2016

The fundamental approach to cancer patients with pain is to identify the pain sites, and describe, quantify, and categorize the pain by type at each site. There are many validated tools to serve the clinician in these efforts, particularly for pain assessment. Multimechanistic pain syndromes are common in cancer patients. Cancer patients may experience nociceptive pain. They may also experience neuropathic pain due to chemotherapy-induced or cancer-related nerve damage. Analgesic choices must be guided by the pain mechanisms, nature, and severity of the pain, comorbid conditions, and patient characteristics. Long-acting opioid analgesics or fixed-clock dosing can eliminate end-of-dose analgesic gaps. The potential for opioid abuse is an important public health challenge but one that should not undermine the appropriate treatment of moderate to severe cancer pain. Abuse-deterrent opioid formulations can be useful. Care is needed for special populations of cancer patients dealing with pain, such as geriatric, pediatric, or obese patients. While morphine has long been the gold standard of oral opioid products, recent clinical trials suggest that oral hydrocodone and oral oxycodone may offer advantages over oral morphine. Patient adherence is crucial for adequate analgesia and patient education can promote adherence and manage expectations.
Trophy Heads or Ancestor Veneration? A Stable Isotope Perspective on Disassociated and Modified Crania in Precontact Central California
Authors: Eerkens Jelmer W. , Bartelink Eric J. , Brink Laura , Fitzgerald Richard T. , Garibay Ramona , Jorgenson Gina A. , Wiberg Randy S.
Published: January 2016

Few items in the archaeological record capture the imagination more than human heads separated from their bodies. Such items are sometimes assumed to indicate warfare practices, where “trophy heads” display power and fighting prowess. Other times, they are interpreted as representing ancestor veneration. Isolated crania are not uncommon in the Early period (ca. 4500–2500 B.P.) in Central California. Some anthropologists interpret them as trophy heads, but isotopie analyses at CA-CCO-548 suggest an alternative interpretation. Strontium isotope analyses on one modified cranium produced values consistent with local individuals, and both headless burials and people buried with extra skulls overlap in carbon and nitrogen isotopes. Further, teeth from two individuals who were buried with extra skulls suggest both were weaned at early ages (before age 2), much earlier than other individuals at the site. Together with contextual information, we argue that the isotopie data are more consistent with the hypothesis that extra skulls and headless burials represent ancestor veneration rather than trophies, shedding new light on Early-period societies in Central California.