bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Simple, Green Infrared Spectroscopic Method for Quantitation of Sildenafil Citrate in Siloflam Tablets of Unknown Manufacturing Formula
Authors: Bui Van Trung , Doan Cao Son , Tong Thi Thanh Vuong , Le Dinh Chi
Published: February 2021

A simple, easy-to-implement, and green infrared spectroscopic method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of sildenafil citrate in tablets of unknown manufacturing formula. Homogenized tablet powder with known mass content (%, m/m) of sildenafil citrate was mixed with paracetamol to form standard mixtures with different percentages of sildenafil citrate on the total quantity of sildenafil citrate and paracetamol (designated as R). Unknown tablet samples were finely ground and mixed with paracetamol to form test mixtures having R values about 50%. Infrared spectra of standard mixtures, measured in attenuated total reflectance mode, in the wavenumber zone from 1800 cm−1 to 1300 cm−1 were selected and processed by partial least square regression to form the calibration model for quantitation of sildenafil citrate in unknown samples. Spectral responses of test mixtures and the calibration model were used to determine the exact mass content (%, m/m) of sildenafil citrate in the powder of unknown tablet samples. The method was fully validated in terms of linearity, precision, and accuracy according to the requirements of current guidelines and was proved as reliable and suitable for the intended application.
Identification of a New Prognostic Risk Signature of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on N6-Methyladenosine RNA Methylation Regulators
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yao Yao , Qi Xiaochen , Li Jianyi , Liu Meihong , Che Xiangyu , Xu Yingkun , Wu Guangzhen
Published: February 2021

As the most prevalent internal eukaryotic modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is installed by methyltransferases, removed by demethylases, and recognized by readers. However, there are few studies on the role of m6A in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In this study, we researched the RNA-seq transcriptome data of ccRCC in the TCGA dataset and used bioinformatics analyses to detect the relationship between m6A RNA methylation regulators and ccRCC. First, we compared the expression of 18 m6A RNA methylation regulators in ccRCC patients and normal tissues. Then, data from ccRCC patients were divided into two clusters by consensus clustering. LASSO Cox regression analysis was used to build a risk signature to predict the prognosis of patients with ccRCC. An ROC curve, univariate Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to verify this risk signature’s predictive ability. Then, we internally validated this signature by random sampling. Finally, we explored the role of the genes in the signature in some common pathways. Gene distribution between the two subgroups was different; cluster 2 was gender-related and had a worse prognosis. IGF2BP3, IGF2BP2, HNRNPA2B1, and METTL14 were chosen to build the risk signature. The overall survival of the high- and low-risk groups was significantly different (

p
=
7.47
e
−
12

). The ROC curve also indicated that the risk signature had a decent predictive significance (

AUC
=
0.72

). These results imply that the risk signature has a potential value for ccRCC treatment.
Seepage Analysis for Construction, with Applications to Some Projects in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Y. M. , Chen Fu , Zhu Zhen , Yuan Changfeng , Li Liang
Published: February 2021

Deep excavations are intensively carried out in many cities in China and other countries. One of the major loadings in such construction work is the water pressure, and great effort is required to assess the seepage problem and the corresponding water pressure on the retaining wall for a good design and construction. Different methods used for the seepage analysis are discussed in this paper through a series of projects in Hong Kong. Some interesting phenomena from the seepage analysis will also be discussed. Two large scale seepage field tests in Hong Kong are also used for the illustration of the back analysis in seepage problems which are seldom carried out. The comparative studies demonstrate that a realistic seepage analysis is very important for deep excavation works, but it was not seriously considered in the past.
Tribulus terrestris L. Extract Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Macrophage and Zebrafish via Inhibition of Akt/MAPKs and NF-κB/iNOS-NO Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhao Wai-Rong , Shi Wen-Ting , Zhang Jing , Zhang Kai-Yu , Qing Ye , Tang Jing-Yi , Chen Xin-Lin , Zhou Zhong-Yan
Published: February 2021

Inflammation response is a regulated cellular process and excessive inflammation has been recognized in numerous diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, inﬂammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Tribulus terrestris L. (TT), also known as Bai Jili in Chinese, has been applied in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years while its anti-inflammatory activity and underlying mechanism are not fully elucidated. Here, we hypothesize Tribulus terrestris L. extract (BJL) which presents anti-inflammatory effect, and the action mechanism was also investigated. We employed the transgenic zebrafish line Tg(MPO:GFP), which expresses green fluorescence protein (GFP) in neutrophils, and mice macrophage RAW 264.7 cells as the in vivo and in vitro model to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of BJL, respectively. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by Griess reagent. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured by real-time PCR, and the intracellular total or phosphorylated protein levels of NF-κB, Akt, and MAPKs including MEK, ERK, p38, and JNK were detected by western blot. We found that BJL significantly inhibited fin transection or lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced neutrophil migration and aggregation in zebrafish in vivo. In mice macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, BJL ameliorated LPS-triggered excessive release of NO and transcription of inflammatory cytokine genes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). BJL also reduced the LPS-induced elevations of intracellular iNOS and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which mediate the cellular NO and inflammatory cytokine productions, respectively. Moreover, LPS dramatically increased the phosphorylation of Akt and MAPKs including MEK, ERK, p38, and JNK in RAW 264.7 cells, while cotreatment BJL with LPS suppressed their phosphorylation. Taken together, our data suggested that BJL presented potent anti-inflammatory effect and the underlying mechanism was closely related to the inhibition of Akt/MAPKs and NF-κB/iNOS-NO signaling pathways.
Correlation between OSAHS and Early Peripheral Atherosclerosis Indices in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China: A Cross-Sectional Inpatient Study
Authors: Zhao Xin , Yu Xiaofeng , Xin Sixu , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xiaomei , Ji Linong
Published: February 2021

Objective: To analyze the differences of early atherosclerosis indices in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with different degrees of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and explore the correlation between them, so as to provide a new clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of early atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM and OSAHS. Methods. A prospective study was conducted in 312 patients with T2DM and snoring who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020. According to the monitoring results, 312 patients were divided into 4 groups including the control group (208 cases), mild OSAHS group (18 cases), moderate OSAHS group (38 cases), and severe OSAHS group (48 cases). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the early atherosclerosis indices including brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) in patients with T2DM coexistence with different degrees of OSAHS. Results. (1) As the degree of OSAHS increased, ABI decreased gradually and was lower than that in the control group, but PWV increased and was higher than that in the control group (

p
<
0.05

, respectively). (2) The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) positively correlated with PWV (

r
=
0.36

,

p
<
0.05

) and negatively correlated with ABI (

r
=
−
0.37

,

p
<
0.05

). (3) Multivariate logistic regression showed that after adjusting for age, gender, duration, BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipid, and other factors, OSAHS was a risk factor of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in patients with T2DM. With the increase of degree of OSAHS, the risk of lower extremity atherosclerosis gradually increased. Conclusion. OSAHS is an independent risk factor of LEAD in patients with T2DM, and with the increase of AHI, the ABI and PWV have changed, which provides a new clinical basis for the prevention and the treatment of early atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM and OSAHS.
Response to Treatment with an Anti-Interleukin-6 Receptor Antibody (Tocilizumab) in a Patient with Hemophagocytic Syndrome Secondary to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Olivares-Hernández Alejandro , Figuero-Pérez Luis , Amores Martín María A. , Bellido Hernández Lorena , Mezquita Laura , Vidal Tocino María del Rosario , López Cadenas Félix , Gómez-Caminero López Felipe , Escala-Cornejo Roberto A. , Cruz Hernández Juan Jesús
Published: February 2021

Background. Immunotherapy represents one of the fundamental treatments in the management of some types of cancer, especially malignant melanoma. Toxicity derived from increased immune system activity can manifest in multiple organs and systems. We present a case of hematological toxicity, manifested as hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), which was successfully treated with an anti-interleukin-6 antibody (tocilizumab). Case Report. This case presents a 75-year-old woman diagnosed with metastatic choroidal melanoma, refractory to several lines of treatment. After the failure of the previous lines, ipilimumab was started. After the third dose, she developed grade 2 thrombocytopenia and anemia accompanied by elevated levels of ferritin, triglycerides, and decreased fibrinogen. Hemophagocytosis was observed in the bone marrow biopsy, and a PET-CT showed splenomegaly with increased metabolism. Treatment was based on high doses of corticosteroids and tocilizumab. Four days after the start of treatment, progressive clinical and analytical improvement was observed, achieving total remission of the condition. Discussion. HPS induced by immunotherapy is due to an immunorelated cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). The administration of the anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody drug acted on this cytokine cascade, leading to stabilization and subsequent remission. For this reason, the use of tocilizumab should be part of the immunotherapy-induced HPS treatment algorithm.
Role of Atmospheric Aerosol Content on Atmospheric Corrosion of Metallic Materials
Authors: Emetere M. E. , Afolalu S. A. , Amusan L. M. , Mamudu A.
Published: February 2021

Despite extensive work on improving atmospheric corrosion resistance in metals, i.e., steel and alloy, the corrosion rate on the metallic surface is higher at some localized geographical area of the globe. Despite the visible successes in recent coating technology in curbing environmental conditions, it is proposed that the recent increase of atmospheric bioaerosols has a significant role in the dissolution of corrosion-resistant coating over a metallic surface. In this review, the science of atmospheric corrosion on metallic materials was reviewed in the light of the chemical and physical composition of atmospheric bioaerosols and aerosols. It was observed that aside from general conditions (i.e., alloying element level, surface roughness, surface treatment, and microclimate), the bioaerosols content is essential for future research in corrosion. It is recommended that further experimental research be carried out to corroborate the science of atmospheric bioaerosols to different forms of corrosion.
Concordance between Body Composition Indices Measured with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Obese Children in Sri Lanka
Authors: de Silva Mawanane Hewa Aruna Devapriya , Hewawasam Ruwani Punyakanthi , Lekamwasam Sarath
Published: February 2021

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the reference standard in the measurement of body composition indices. But, its utility is limited due to the high cost, expertise required, lack of portability, and restricted availability. Therefore, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has gained recognition in resource-limited settings for the measurement of body composition indices in the screening of children for childhood obesity. To determine whether BIA represents a viable alternative to DXA in the assessment of body composition in obese children in the community setting in Sri Lanka, the concordance between BIA and DXA was determined. Fat mass (FM), percentage fat mass (%FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured in 97 obese children using DXA and BIA, and the concordance between the methods was analyzed using independent sample

t

-test, regression analysis, and Bland-Altman plots. Significant mean differences were observed between DXA and BIA in measuring FM and FFM. However, high correlations were seen in DXA- and BMI-derived FM and FFM measurements (FM

r
=
0.92

and FFM 0.83,

P
<
0.001

for both). Compared to DXA, BIA overestimated FM and %FM and underestimated FFM. When compared with DXA-derived measurements, the accuracy errors (SEE) of BIA for FM, FFM, and %FM were relatively higher in boys (3.56 kg, 4.49 kg, and 5.46%, respectively) than in girls (2.44 kg, 3.72 kg, and 3.5%), respectively. BA plots showed a systematic error in the measurements of FM, FFM, and %FM in both sexes. Despite the limitations inherited, BIA is a viable alternative to DXA for the measurement of body composition in obese children of 5-15 yrs. The accuracy errors observed, however, need to be taken into consideration when interpreting results at the individual level.
The Role of Dyslipidemia in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Ke , Guo Jianrong , Zhang Tao , Gu Jian , Li Huili , Wang Jiliang
Published: February 2021

Dyslipidemia, characterized by metabolic abnormalities, has become an important participant in colorectal cancer (CRC). Dyslipidemia aggravates intestinal inflammation, destroys the protective mucous layer, and disrupts the balance between injury and recovery. On the other hand, antioxidants induced by oxidative stress enhance glycolysis to maintain the acquisition of ATP allowing epithelial cells with damaged genomes to survive. In the repetitive phase of colitis, survival factors enable these epithelial cells to continuously proliferate. The main purpose is to restore and rebuild damaged mucosa, mainly aiming to recover mucosal damage and reconstruct mucosa, but it is also implicated in the occurrence and malignancy of CRC. The metabolic reprogramming of aerobic glycolysis and lipid synthesis enables these transformed epithelial cells to convert raw carbohydrate and amino acid substrates, thereby synthesizing protein and phospholipid biomass. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase, responsible for the fatty acid desaturation, improves the fluidity and permeability of cell membranes, which is one of the key factors affecting metabolic rate. In response to available fat, tumor cells reprogram their metabolism to better plunder energy-rich lipids and rapidly scavenge these lipids through continuous proliferation. However, lipid metabolic disorders inhibit the function of immune-infiltrating cells in the tumor microenvironment through the cross-talk between tumor cells and immunosuppressive stromal cells, thereby providing opportunities for tumor progress. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and lipid-lowering drugs can decrease the formation of aberrant crypt foci, lower the burden of the adenomatous polyp, and reduce the incidence of CRC. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of dyslipidemia on tumorigenesis and tumor progression and a development prospect of lipid disorders on tumor immunity.
Geomechanical Model Experiment Study on Deformation and Failure Mechanism of the Mountain Tunnel in Layered Jointed Rock Mass
Authors: Guo Zhibiao , Fan Jinyan , Wang Fengnian , Zhou Hongbo , Li Wei
Published: February 2021

The Minxian tunnel is a key engineering of the Weiyuan‐Wudu expressway that is excavated in layered jointed carbonaceous slate rock mass. During the construction process, the surrounding rocks of the tunnel encountered serious large deformations and failure, which brought about great difficulties to the safety and cost of the tunnel. In order to study the deformation and failure mechanism of the surrounding rocks, a physical model test was conducted, and integrated methods including strain gauges, a digital camera, and noncontact full‐field digital imaging correlation technique were used to record the response information of the surrounding rocks. The evolution process of surrounding rocks failure was simulated successfully in the model test, and the deformation characteristics were basically consistent with the actual engineering. The modelling results show that concentrated stresses in the surrounding rocks were very uneven due to developed stratified and jointed rock mass structure. The maximum and minimum concentrated stresses appeared at the vault of the tunnel and left of inverted arc area, and concentration factors were 3.11 and 1.98, respectively. The main forms of surrounding rocks deformation and failure were large area spalling of surface, severe circumferential fractures, serious bending deformations of thin rock layers, and collapse of overlying strata. The maximum displacements occurred at left sidewall and right shoulder of the tunnel and the corresponding actual displacements were 460 mm to 500 mm. Caving and failure took place firstly at several key positions with maximum concentrated stresses or displacements and subsequently gave rise to massive collapse of surrounding rocks.
Rational Implementation of Fractional Calculus Operator Based on Quadratic Programming
Authors: Xu Zhisong , Li Mingqiu
Published: February 2021

When fractional calculus operators and models are implemented rationally, there exist some problems such as low approximation accuracy of rational approximation function, inability to specify arbitrary approximation frequency band, or poor robustness. Based on the error criterion of the least squares method, a quadratic programming method based on the frequency-domain error is proposed. In this method, the frequency-domain error minimization between the fractional operator

s

±
r

and its rational approximation function is transformed into a quadratic programming problem. The results show that the construction method of the optimal rational approximation function of fractional calculus operator is effective, and the optimal rational approximation function constructed can effectively approximate the fractional calculus operator and model for the specified approximation frequency band.
Performance Optimization of Cloud Data Centers with a Dynamic Energy‐Efficient Resource Management Scheme
Authors: Cui Yu , Jin Shunfu , Yue Wuyi , Takahashi Yutaka
Published: February 2021

As an advanced network calculation mode, cloud computing is becoming more and more popular. However, with the proliferation of large data centers hosting cloud applications, the growth of energy consumption has been explosive. Surveys show that a remarkable part of the large energy consumed in data center results from over‐provisioning of the network resource to meet requests during peak demand times. In this paper, we propose a solution to this problem by constructing a dynamic energy‐efficient resource management scheme. As a way of saving energy as well as maintaining cloud user’s quality of experience, the scheme presents a multitier cloud architecture by configuring physical machines (PMs) into two pools: a hot (running) pool and a warm (turned on, but in dynamic sleep) pool. Each PM is configured with a resource search engine (RSE) that finds an available virtual machine (VM) for the request, and a synchronous sleep mechanism is introduced to the warm pool. To analyze the end‐to‐end performance of the cloud system’s service with the proposed scheme, we establish a hybrid queueing system composed of three stochastic submodels by using a matrix‐geometric solution. Accordingly, the average latency of requests and the energy‐saving rate of the system are derived. Through numerical results, we show the influence of the synchronous sleep mechanism on the system performance. Moreover, from the perspective of economics, we build a system cost function to study the trade‐off between different performance measures. An improved Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is presented to minimize the system cost and optimize the sleep parameter.
Hydrodynamic Analysis of KVLCC2 Ship Sailing near Inclined Banks
Authors: Luo Weilin , Yang Bing , Sun Yafeng
Published: February 2021

The hydrodynamic forces of KVLCC2 ship sailing near inclined banks are calculated by using CFD based on RANS equation. Corresponding CFD uncertainty analysis is conducted according to the procedure recommended by ITTC. An unstructured grid, tetrahedral grid, is employed for discretization. To control the number of grids, global element scale factor is selected as the same as refinement ratio. In numerical simulation, straightforward and oblique navigation conditions are investigated. The variation of transverse force and yaw moment with the ship-shore distance, bank angle, water depth, and drift angle are analyzed. Both hull model and hull-propeller-rudder model are considered in numerical simulation. The simulation results show the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship sailing near inclined banks.
Fetus in Fetu in an Adult Female and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Sharma Saroj , Gupta Prashant Kumar , Regmi Basanta , Gupta Aarti , Lamichhane Upasana
Published: February 2021

Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a very rare condition in which malformed fetus is found within the body of a living twin, most commonly within the retroperitoneum. It is a parasitic fetal twin of a diamniotic, monozygotic type. It should be differentiated from teratoma by the presence of organized vertebral column and appropriately arranged other organs or limbs around it. There is no such axial arrangement in teratoma, which has also got definite malignant potential. We report a case of FIF in a 21-year-old lady who presented late with nonspecific abdominal symptoms. Preoperative diagnosis of FIF in this case was made on computed tomography, and the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with complete excision of mass. The excised mass in a sac was proven to be FIF on the basis of gross and histopathological examination. Surgical excision is the ideal treatment even teratoma being the differential diagnosis.
Numerical Solution of Fractional-Order Fredholm Integrodifferential Equation in the Sense of Atangana–Baleanu Derivative
Authors: Wang Jian , Kamran  , Jamal Ayesha , Li Xuemei
Published: February 2021

In the present article, our aim is to approximate the solution of Fredholm-type integrodifferential equation with Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative in Caputo sense. For this, we propose a method based on Laplace transform and inverse LT. In our numerical scheme, the given equation is transformed to an algebraic equation by employing the Laplace transform. The reduced equation will be solved in complex plane. Finally, the solution of the given problem is obtained via inverse Laplace transform by representing it as a contour integral. Then, the trapezoidal rule is used to approximate the integral to high accuracy. We have considered linear and nonlinear fractional Fredholm integrodifferential equations to validate our method.
Treatment of Natural Fiber for Application in Concrete Pavement
Authors: Geremew Anteneh , De Winne Pieter , Demissie Tamene Adugna , De Backer Hans
Published: February 2021

Concrete crack is one of the main problems observed in concrete technology due to drying shrinkage. Incorporating fibers in concrete production is one of the mechanisms implemented to mitigate cracks. Nowadays, investigators concentrate on different techniques to replace human‐made fiber with existing natural fibers for fiber‐reinforced composite material. Utilization of natural fiber has an initiation for the development of eco‐friendly materials by reducing damages caused by human‐made materials and saving nonrenewable resources. Natural fibers are readily and abundantly available, sustainable, and biodegradable, with low cost and low density, and have superior specific properties. Nevertheless, there are some limitations of natural fiber compared to human‐made fiber. Consequently, significant energy was applied to alter natural fiber’s surface and morphology using physical, chemical, and biological treatment techniques to overcome the limitation. The primary intention of surface treatment is to modify the bond between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix. However, based on this literature review, there were no specific treatment techniques to be followed to select the best one from the others as criteria. It should include all parameters to consider starting from the stage from the cradle to the grave, cost of chemicals, transportation, and labors, including energy consumption and effluent energy. Additionally, their environmental effect also investigated in detail to compare each other.
Research on the Collapse Coefficient of Collapsible Loess under Unloading
Authors: Zhi Bin , Wei Pingping , Wang Xiaochan , Li Zengyue , Ren Yilong , Zhang Hui , Li Jinhua , Deng Botuan
Published: February 2021

In the geogenetic overburden excavation of underground space projects (such as comprehensive pipe corridors or subways), the foundation stress is in an unloading state. The effect(s) from the unloading on the coefficient of subsidence in the loess area should be considered. In this study, to explore the effect of unloading on the collapsibility of loess, the collapsible loess in the Guanzhong area was considered as the research object. An expression for the unloading collapse coefficient was established based on the unloading stress ratio, unloading collapse ratio, and other parameters. The influence of the unloading on the loess collapse coefficient was studied using an indoor collapsibility test, and the function form and parameters for the expression were determined. As combined with the field test, the accuracy of the expression for the unloading coefficient was verified based on the test value for the specific collapsibility, calculated value for the specific collapsibility, and calculated value for the unloading collapsibility.
Salvianolic Acid B Protects Intervertebral Discs from Oxidative Stress‐Induced Degeneration via Activation of the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Dai Shouqian , Liang Ting , Shi Xiu , Luo Zongping , Yang Huilin
Published: February 2021

Objective. To evaluate the influence of salvianolic acid B (SAB), an antioxidant derived from Danshen, on intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and its possible molecular mechanisms. Methods. Sixty adult rats were randomly grouped (control, IDD, and SAB IDD groups). IDD was induced using needle puncture. The rats received daily administration of SAB (20 mg/kg) in the SAB IDD group while the other two groups received only distilled water. The extent of IDD was evaluated using MRI after 3 and 6 weeks and histology after 6 weeks. Oxidative stress was assessed using the ELISA method. In in vitro experiments, nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were treated with H2O2 (100 μM) or SAB+H2O2, and levels of oxidative stress were measured. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, expression levels of Bcl‐2, Bax, and cleaved caspase‐3 proteins. Cell proliferation rate was assessed by EdU analysis. Pathway involvement was determined by Western blotting while the influence of the pathway on NPCs was explored using the pathway inhibitor AG490. Results. The data demonstrate that SAB attenuated injury‐induced IDD and oxidative stress, caused by activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in vivo. Oxidative stress induced by H2O2 was reversed by SAB in vitro. SAB reduced the increased cell apoptosis, cleaved caspase‐3 expression, and caspase‐3 activity induced by H2O2. Reduced cell proliferation and decreased Bcl‐2/Bax ratio induced by H2O2 were rescued by SAB. Additionally, the JAK2/STAT3 pathway was activated by SAB, while AG490 counteracted this effect. Conclusion. The results suggest that SAB protects intervertebral discs from oxidative stress‐induced degeneration by enhancing proliferation and attenuating apoptosis via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Seasonal Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Artisanal Yoghurt and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern
Authors: Moh Lamye Glory , Etienne Pamo Tedonkeng , Jules-Roger Kuiate
Published: February 2021

The microbiological quality of artisanal yoghurt marketed in some regions of Cameroon was evaluated during the dry and rainy seasons alongside three commercial brands and the susceptibility of isolates to some conventional antibiotics. A total of ninety-six (96) samples were collected, and the microbiological quality was based on the total count of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli and cocci) as well as the identification of species present using identification kits. The susceptibility of isolates was determined using the microdilution method. The lactobacillus counts of locally made yoghurts during both seasons were lower than those of the commercial samples. However, there was a general reduction of viable count of lactobacilli within the samples during the rainy season when compared to the dry season while a general increase in the total coccus count was observed during the rainy season except samples from Bamenda which instead decreased. Five (5) Lactobacillus species belonging to one genera were identified from 29 lactobacillus isolates. Lactobacillus bulgaricus was the highest (64.28%), present in 71.42%, 50.00%, 33.33%, and 33.33% (dry season) compared to 85.71%, 100%, 33.33%, and 25.00% (rainy season) from Bamenda, Dschang, Bafoussam, and commercial, respectively. More so, 14 cocci, 3 coccobacilli, and 1 rod species belonging to 5, 3, and 1 genera were identified, from 74 cocci, 12 coccobacilli, and 3 rod isolates, respectively, with Streptococcus thermophilus being the highest (35.55%). However, 93.33% of the lactobacillus isolates were very sensitive to the antibiotics used, while only 20% of cocci were sensitive. This result suggests that the paucity of the appropriate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and presence of pathogenic LAB caused by the absence of quality control and ignorance might hinder its health benefits and protection offered to consumers with a resultant exposure to high risk of food borne infection and intoxication coupled to the resistant strains.
Multidimensional Intelligent Distribution Network Load Analysis and Forecasting Management System Based on Multidata Fusion Technology
Authors: Cheng Weijie , Cheng Renli , Liu Jinsheng , Ma Weizhe , Li Jie , Guan Weiling , Zhang Daolu , Yu Tao
Published: February 2021

In order to improve the work efficiency of load characteristic analysis and realize lean management, scientific prediction, and reasonable planning of the distribution networks, this paper develops a multidimensional intelligent distribution network load analysis and prediction management system based on the fusion of multidimensional data for the application of multidimensional big data in the smart distribution network. First, the framework of the software system is designed, and the functional modules for multidimensional load characteristic analysis are designed. Then, the method of multidimensional user load characterization is introduced; furthermore, the application functions and the design process of some important function modules of the software system are introduced. Finally, an application example of the multidimensional user load characterization system is presented. Overall, the developed system has the features of interoperability of data links between functional modules, information support between different functions, and modular design concept, which can meet the daily application requirements of power grid enterprises and can respond quickly to the issued calculation requirements.
Private Predicate Encryption for Inner Product from Key-Homomorphic Pseudorandom Function
Authors: Tseng Yi-Fan , Liu Zi-Yuan , Hsu Jen-Chieh , Tso Raylin
Published: February 2021

Predicate encryption (PE), formalized by Katz et al., is a new paradigm of public-key encryption that conceptually captures the public-key encryption that supports fine-grained access control policy. Because of the nature of PE, it is used for cloud storage so that users can retrieve encrypted data without revealing any information about the data to cloud servers and other users. Although lots of PE schemes have been studied, the predicate-hiding security is seldom considered; that is, the user’s secret key may leak sensitive information of the predicate. Additionally, the security of the current predicate-hiding PE schemes relies on the discrete logarithm assumption which cannot resist the quantum attacks in the future. In this paper, we propose a generic PE for inner product under symmetric-key setting, called private IPE, from specific key-homomorphic pseudorandom function (PRF). The rigorous proofs are provided to show that the construction is payload-hiding, attribute-hiding, and predicate-hiding secure. With the advantage of the generic construction, if the underlying PRF can resist quantum attacks, then, through our proposed generic construction, a quantum-resistant private IPE can be obtained.
Fractal Analysis of Fragmentation Distribution of Rockbursts Induced by Low‐Frequency Seismic Disturbances
Authors: Hu Lihua , Zhang Zhenghu , Liang Xin , Tang Chunan
Published: February 2021

Low‐frequency seismic disturbances frequently induce violent rockburst hazards, seriously threatening the safety of deep excavation and mining engineering. To investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of rockbursts induced by seismic disturbances, in this study a series of true triaxial experiments, including the moderate seismically induced, the weak seismically induced, and the self‐initiated rockburst experiments under different conditions were conducted. The fractal geometry theory was applied to study rockbursts and the fractal dimensions of fragmentation distribution of different types of rockbursts were calculated. The results show that the fragmentation distributions of both the seismically induced and self‐initiated rockbursts exhibit fractal behaviors. For the moderate seismically induced rockbursts, as the static stresses (i.e., the maximum and minimum static stresses) and disturbance amplitude increase, the fractal dimension increases, whereas, as the disturbance frequency increases, the fractal dimension decreases first and then increases. Under similar static loading conditions, the moderate seismically induced rockbursts have the largest fractal dimension, followed by the self‐initiated rockbursts, and the weak seismically induced rockbursts have the smallest fractal dimension. There is a linear relationship between the average fractal dimension and kinetic energy of these rockbursts, implying that the fractal dimension can serve as an indicator for estimating rockburst intensity. Furthermore, from a fractal point of view, the energy input, dissipation, and release of these rockbursts are all linear processes.
Mechanism of Modified Danggui Sini Decoction for Knee Osteoarthritis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Feng Chaoqun , Zhao Min , Jiang Leiming , Hu Ziang , Fan Xiaohong
Published: February 2021

Objective. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Modified Danggui Sini Decoction in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis via a combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods. The main chemical components and corresponding targets of Modified Danggui Sini Decoction were searched and screened in TCMSP database. The disease targets of knee osteoarthritis were summarized in GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGkb, TTD, and DrugBank databases. The visual interactive network of “drugs-active components-disease targets” was drawn by Cytoscape 3.8.1 software. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database. Then, GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment were analyzed by Bioconductor/R, and the pathway of the highest degree of correlation with knee osteoarthritis was selected for specific analysis. Finally, molecular docking was used to screen and verify core genes by AutoDockTools software. Results. Seventy-one main components of Modified Danggui Sini Decoction and 116 potential therapeutic targets of knee osteoarthritis were selected. The KEGG pathway and the GO function enrichment analysis showed that the targets of Modified Danggui Sini Decoction in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis were mainly concentrated on PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, apoptosis signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. It mainly involved inflammatory reaction, regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway, cellular response to regulation of inflammatory response, cellular response to oxidative stress, and other biological processes. The molecular docking results showed that ESR1-wogonin, MAPK1-quercetin, RELA-wogonin, RELA-baicalein, TP53-baicalein, TP53-quercetin, and RELA-quercetin have strong docking activities. Conclusion. Modified Danggui Sini Decoction has the hierarchical network characteristics of “multicomponent, multitarget, multifunction, and multipathway” in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. It mainly regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes by regulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and establishes cross-talk with many downstream inflammatory-related pathways to reduce the overall inflammatory response. Meanwhile, HIF-1 expression was used to ensure the normal function and metabolism of knee joint under hypoxia condition, and the above processes play a key role in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
Multifractal Analysis and Compressive Strength Prediction for Concrete through Acoustic Emission Parameters
Authors: Lv Zhiqiang , Jiang Annan , Jin Jiaxu , Lv Xiangfeng
Published: February 2021

Acoustic emission (AE) can be applied to identify crack propagation and damage of materials and structures. However, few studies investigate the multifractal regularity and compressive strength prediction for concrete using AE parameters. Therefore, the major objective of this research is to perform multifractal analysis of damage and develop support vector machine (SVM) for strength prediction based on AE parameters. Meanwhile, fuzzy c‐means (FCM) was implemented to identify damage mechanisms. The results showed that the level of damage can be revealed qualitatively and quantitatively by analyzing morphology and parameters of multifractal. In particular, the multifractal parameter α0 has the ability to identify critical damage and primary failure surface. Moreover, damage mechanisms were further distinguished by FCM. Finally, the results showed that the parameters of AE can further expand the application of AE for predicting compressive of concrete. SVM prediction results using AE parameters perform higher precision than the artificial neural network (ANN). Furthermore, a significant reduction in sample size uses AE parameters to predict concrete strength.
Swelling Potential of Clayey Soil Modified with Rice Husk Ash Activated by Calcination for Pavement Underlay by Plasticity Index Method (PIM)
Authors: Onyelowe Kennedy C. , Onyia Michael E. , Nguyen-Thi Diu , Bui Van Duc , Onukwugha Eze , Baykara Haci , Obianyo Ifeoma. I. , Dao-Phuc Lam , Ugwu Hyginus U.
Published: February 2021

Volume change in expansive soils is a problem encountered in earth work around the world. This is prominent with hydraulically bound structures or foundations subjected to prolonged moisture exposure. This behavior of clayey used as subgrade, foundation, landfill, or backfill materials causes undesirable structural functionality and failures. To prevent this happening, clayey soils are studied for possible volume change potential and degree of expansion. Consequently, the problematic soils are stabilized. In this work, the stabilization of clayey highly expansive soil classified as A‐7‐6 soil and highly plastic with high clay content was conducted under laboratory conditions. The treatment exercise was experimented using quicklime‐activated rice husk ash (QARHA), hydrated lime‐activated rice husk ash (HARHA), and calcite‐activated rice husk ash (CARHA) at the rates of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10%. Upon treatment with the three calcium compounds to produce three sets of treated experimental specimens, the plasticity index was observed and recorded and swelling potentials were evaluated using the plasticity index method (PIM). The results showed a consistent improvement on the properties of the treated soil with the addition of the different activated admixtures. While the utilization of CARHA and HARHA improved the clayey soil to medium expansive soil, the treated clayey soil substantially improved from highly expansive soil with a potential of 23.35% to less expansive with a final potential of 0.59% upon the addition of 10% QARHA. Finally, QARHA was adjudged as the best binding composite due to the highest rate of reduction recorded with its utilization.
Precise Asymptotics in the Law of the Iterated Logarithm under Sublinear Expectations
Authors: Xu Mingzhou , Cheng Kun
Published: February 2021

By an inequality of partial sum and uniform convergence of the central limit theorem under sublinear expectations, we establish precise asymptotics in the law of the iterated logarithm for independent and identically distributed random variables under sublinear expectations.
A Follow-Up Study of Lung Function and Chest Computed Tomography at 6 Months after Discharge in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Wu Qian , Zhong Lingshan , Li Hongwei , Guo Jing , Li Yajie , Hou Xinwei , Yang Fangfei , Xie Yi , Li Li , Xing Zhiheng
Published: February 2021

We aimed to investigate changes in pulmonary function and computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the recovery period. COVID-19 patients underwent symptom assessment, pulmonary function tests, and high-resolution chest CT 6 months after discharge from the hospital. Of the 54 patients enrolled, 31 and 23 were in the moderate and severe group, respectively. The main symptoms 6 months after discharge were fatigue and exertional dyspnea, experienced by 24.1% and 18.5% of patients, respectively, followed by smell and taste dysfunction (9.3%) and cough (5.6%). One patient dropped out of the pulmonary function tests. Of the remaining 54 patients, 41.5% had pulmonary dysfunction. Specifically, 7.5% presented with restrictive ventilatory dysfunction (forced vital capacity <80% of the predicted value), 18.9% presented with small airway dysfunction, and 32.1% presented with pulmonary diffusion impairment (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide <80% of the predicted value). Of the 54 patients enrolled, six patients dropped out of the chest CT tests. Eleven of the remaining 48 patients presented with abnormal lung CT findings 6 months after discharge. Patients with residual lung lesions were more common in the severe group (52.6%) than in the moderate group (3.4%); a higher proportion of patients had involvement of both lungs (42.1% vs. 3.4%) in the severe group. The residual lung lesions were mainly ground-glass opacities (20.8%) and linear opacities (14.6%). Semiquantitative visual scoring of the CT findings revealed significantly higher scores in the left, right, and both lungs in the severe group than in the moderate group. COVID-19 patients 6 months after discharge mostly presented with fatigue and exertional dyspnea, and their pulmonary dysfunction was mostly characterized by pulmonary diffusion impairment. As revealed by chest CT, the severe group had a higher prevalence of residual lesions than the moderate group, and the residual lesions mostly manifested as ground-glass opacities and linear opacities.
Analysis on Flexural Capacity of Square Steel Tube Truss Concrete Beams with Grouted Chords
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhu Zhiyu , Luo Huihui , Omar Ahmed Ahmad
Published: February 2021

In this research paper, simulations on five specimens of square steel tube truss concrete beams with grouted chords were conducted by finite element analysis (FEA) software ABAQUS. Comparison of failure modes, vertical load‐deflection curves, and steel tube strain variation with tests was done. The rationality and validity of the FEA models were also verified. On this basis, parameter analysis was carried out, and the influence of concrete strength, steel ratio of upper and lower chords, and spacing of steel tube truss joints on the vertical load‐deflection curves were obtained. From the results of tests and parameter analysis, design formulae of flexural bearing capacity for composite beams were proposed based on the assumption that steel tubes are equivalent to ordinary longitudinal steel bars. Accordingly, the results indicated that the steel tubes of the upper chords in the composite beams cannot get yield for full sections due to the structural requirements; the steel tube of the lower chords will be the first to reach fully yielding and the upper concrete crushed subsequently, showing a failure mode analogous to that of the under‐reinforced concrete beam; the steel ratio of lower chords is the primary factor affecting the flexural capacity of the normal section among the parameters; the calculation from the proposed design formulae for the flexural capacity of normal section is in agreement with the tests and simulations. This research could provide reference for the design of this kind of composite beam.