bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creación, disolución y parcelación del señorío alfonsino de Daya Vieja
Authors: Gil Olcina Antonio , Canales Martínez Gregorio
Published: June 2015

El fuero denominado "alfonsino" fue restablecido, el año 1772, por el gobierno de Carlos III como instrumento de colonización y reforma agraria en el reino de Valencia. Daya Vieja, humedal bonificado en el Bajo Segura, antigua dehesa vinculada, adquirió condición de lugar alfonsino en 1791, vísperas ya de la disolución del régimen señorial. Al producirse ésta, su forma de explotación, es decir, el arrendamiento a corto plazo, permitió la pervivencia total y absoluta del elemento territorial y su inscripción, sin dificultad ni limitación alguna, en el registro de la propiedad. Transmitida monolíticamente por sucesión hereditaria, la hacienda, que ocupaba íntegro el municipio de Daya Vieja y desbordaba sobre el de San Fulgencio, no se parceló, tras su enajenación global por el Duque de Pinohermoso, hasta el segundo cuarto de este siglo.
Las rachas secas en el sector central de la cuenca del Duero
Authors: Luengo Ugidos Miguel Ángel , Ceballos Barbancho Antonio , Martínez Fernández José , Yuste Yuste Carlos
Published: June 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es la caracterización climática del sector más árido de la cuenca del Duero, prestando una especial atención a los intervalos sin precipitación (rachas secas), y la estimación de la probabilidad y frecuencia de estos períodos mediante técnicas estadísticas de aplicación sencilla. La precipitación media es inferior a los 400 mm y el número anual de días secos es elevado. Considerando día seco aquél con una precipitación ? 0’1 mm, la media es de 291, y la longitud media de las rachas secas 9’6 días. Elevando el umbral a 10 mm, el número de días secos al año asciende a 356 y la longitud media de las rachas a 40’1 días. Estos datos, junto al análisis de la duración, intensidad y probabilidad de las rachas secas máximas anuales, confirman que la zona estudiada está más próxima a la realidad de los observatorios mediterráneos que a la de los atlánticos, a pesar de su ubicación en la mitad septentrional de la Península Ibérica. Finalmente, tanto las cadenas de Markov de primer orden, como la distribución de frecuencias de Gumbel, se han mostrado como técnicas adecuadas para la estimación de la probabilidad y frecuencia de las rachas secas, respectivamente.
Desarrollo local, geografía y análisis territorial integrado: algunos ejemplos aplicados
Authors: Moltó Mantero Enrique
Published: June 2015

Las transformaciones registradas en la situación económica, social y política actual se traducen en una reorganización del territorio a todas las escalas. Frente a este proceso de globalización, se ha generado una notable expansión de los estudios relacionados con la escala local. El territorio, entendido como el campo de relaciones e interdependencias entre factores diversos, es uno de los elementos que refuerzan y consolidan la función y el significado de la Geografía. El análisis de la estructura ecológico-ambiental y socioeconómica es fundamental en toda actuación vinculada al desarrollo. En estos análisis debería predominar el carácter integrado, no obstante, no son extraños aquéllos donde priman los enfoques sectoriales o los que resultan de la mera suma de elementos individualizados.
Environmental management with the use of LCA in the Polish energy system
Authors: Dzikuć Maciej
Published: June 2015

The article presents an assessment of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and pointed out its advantages in the analysis of the environmental impact of electricity generation. The article also points to the direction of development of the Polish energy sector and pointed out the need to determine the environmental risks associated with the production of electricity. The use of coal and lignite as the primary fuel causes a significant burden on the environment. An analysis by the method of LCA based on data obtained from two Polish power plants. The results were compared and identified the cause of the existing differences in the results obtained. The article sets out the actions that contributed to reduce the negative impact on the environment, taking place during the production of electricity.
Complex Formation in Molten Salts Studied by Distribution Methods
Authors: Liljenzin J. O. , Reinhardt H. , Wirries Η. , Lindner R.
Published: June 2015

The distribution of cobalt between eutectic melts of K-Li-NO3 with varying chloride concentration and suspended grains of γ-Al2O3 at 160° C was measured using Co-60 as tracer. By an iteration method of evaluation, the stability constants were determined for the following complexes:

CoCl+: ß1 = 13,0; CoCl2:ß
2 = 104; CoCl-
3:ß2 = 251.
Trägerfreies RaC durch Ionenaustausch
Authors: Gleu Karl , König Karl-Heinz , Hoyer Fritz
Published: June 2015

Trägerfreies RaC (214Bi) wird aus Radiumlösungen isoliert, die durch Anionenaustausch an Nalcite WBR in 2n Salzsäure von allen Folgeprodukten befreit wurden. Nach etwa einem Monat haben sich die kurzlebigen Folgeprodukte nachgebildet, während die Endglieder, vom RaD angefangen, noch nicht vorhanden sind. Nach dem Verdrängen der Emanation wird das in solchen Lösungen frei vom RaD (210Pb) und vom isotopen RaE (210Bi) vorhandene RaC durch Kationenaustausch an Nalcite HCR in 0,5 n Salzsäure abgetrennt. Dabei wird das Radium quantitativ adsorbiert, während das RaC anionisch durch die Säule läuft. Das so dargestellte RaC ist mit weniger als 1 % RaB verunreinigt und völlig frei von Radium. Anschließende Elution des Kationenaustauschers mit 2 n Salzsäure liefert das RaB.
Ein Analysengang zur Identifizierung von Spaltprodukten in Regenwasser
Authors: Buchtela K. , Lesigang Margrit
Published: June 2015

Es wird ein Analysengang zum Nachweis einiger wichtiger Spaltprodukte (106Ru/106Rh, 99Mo, 144Ce, 96Zr/95Nb, 140Ba/140La, 90Sr und 131J) beschrieben. Er kann zur Untersuchung von Proben benützt werden, die größere Mengen inaktiven Materials enthalten. Er eignet sich also z. B. für die Untersuchung stark eisen- und calciumhaltiger Rückstände, die beim Eindampfen natürlicher Wässer (Regenwasser) erhalten werden. Die verwendeten Verfahren sind einfach und rasch ausführbar; die Trennungen erfolgen durch Fällung (mit isotopen und nichtisotopen Trägern) und Extraktion.
A Radiotracer Study of Cs+ and Cl- Deposition on Steels and Zircaloy-2 in Alkaline Water Systems
Authors: Hesford E. , Williams Miss J. , Walton G. N.
Published: June 2015

A radiotracer study was made of caesium and chloride ion deposition on mild steel, premagnetited mild steel, stainless steel and zircaloy-2 specimens under oxidising conditions at room temperature and oxygenfree conditions at room temperature and 60° C. The results show that under any of the conditions examined uptake on stainless steel and zircaloy is low. With mild steel uptake is only low when the surface is premagnetited, and exposed to deoxygenated water at elevated temperatures. Results for anion deposition are interpreted with reference to the electrode potentials of the surfaces. Cation deposition is unrelated to electrode potentials and appears to be associated with the hydrous character of the oxide film.
Half-Life Determination of 220Rn
Authors: Gindler J. E. , Engelkemeir D.W.
Published: June 2015

The half-life of 220Rn has been measured by a new technique. Radon atoms were embedded firmly in stainless steel plates by the collection in vacuum of recoiling atoms from a thin source of 224Ra. The activity on these plates was counted in a proportional counter using a 400-channel analyzer as a multiscaler. The average half-life obtained for eleven determinations was 55.3 ± 0.3 seconds. A discussion of some of the errors possible in the various methods of measuring the radon half-life is presented.
Rapid Radiochemical Separations
Authors: Malan H. P. , Münzel H.
Published: June 2015

The rapid chemical separation of europium from neighbouring lanthanides was investigated. Details are given of a procedure by means of which europium has been separated in about 50% yield from irradiated samarium targets within one minute. The separation factor with respect to samarium is about 102, and with respect to other lanthanides one to several orders of magnitude greater.
Gleichzeitige Bestimmung von 3H und 14C im Proportionalzählrohr
Authors: Jordan P. , Lykourézos Ph. A. P.
Published: June 2015

Es wird eine Proportionalzählrohr-Meßmethode beschrieben, die eine gleichzeitige Bestimmung der Radioaktivitäten von 3H und 14C ermöglicht.
A New Nuclide: 52Ti
Authors: Facetti J. , Flegenheimer J. , Trabal E.
Published: June 2015

52Ti was produced in a reactor by neutron irradiation of Li2TiF6. Lithium enriched in 6Li was used to prepare the compound. The half-life is 49 ± 3 min. The mass number could be established by identification of 52V as the daughter product. The half-life was confirmed by periodic milking of 52V. Chemical procedures used for the preparation of Li2TiF6, the purification of 52Ti and the milking of 52V are described.
The Extraction of Molybdenum into Acetylacetone and its Use in the Analysis of Fission Products
Authors: Fritze K.
Published: June 2015

Summar

y We investigated the extraction of molybdenum into acetylacetone as a function of pH value, for the anions SO4
2-, NO3-, and CI-. From the results we derived prescriptions for the separation of molybdenum from mixtures of fission products.
Influence of soil fertility on waterlogging tolerance of two Brachiaria grasses
Authors: Jiménez Juan De la Cruz , Cardoso Juan Andrés , Arango-Londoño David , Fischer Gerhard , Rao Idupulapati
Published: June 2015

As a consequence of global warming, rainfall is expected to increase in several regions around the world. This, together with poor soil drainage, will result in waterlogged soil conditions. Brachiaria grasses are widely sown in the tropics and, these grasses confront seasonal waterlogged conditions. Several studies have indicated that an increase in nutrient availability could reduce the negative impact of waterlogging. Therefore, an outdoor study was conducted to evaluate the responses of two Brachiaria sp. grasses with contrasting tolerances to waterlogging, B. ruziziensis (sensitive) and B. humidicola (tolerant), with two soil fertility levels. The genotypes were grown with two different soil fertilization levels (high and low) and under well-drained or waterlogged soil conditions for 15 days. The biomass production, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and macro- (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B) contents in the shoot tissue were determined. Significant differences in the nutrient content of the genotypes and treatments were found. An increase of redoximorphic elements (Fe and Mn) in the soil solution occurred with the waterlogging. The greater tolerance of B. humidicola to waterlogged conditions might be due to an efficient root system that is able to acquire nutrients (N, P, K) and potentially exclude phytotoxic elements (Fe and Mn) under waterlogged conditions.  A high nutrient availability in the waterlogged soils did not result in an improved tolerance for B. ruziziensis. The greater growth impairment seen in the B. ruziziensis with high soil fertility and waterlogging (as opposed to low soil fertility and waterlogging) was possibly due to an increased concentration of redoximorphic elements under these conditions.
Situação nutricional e alimentar de portadores de Malária residentes no Amazonas - Brasil
Authors: ALENCAR Fernando Hélio , YUYAMA Lucia Kiyoko Ozaki , GUTIERREZ Miriam Elenit Lima
Published: June 2015

Foram estudados 268 indivíduos (198 homens e 70 mulheres), residentes no Amazonas, com resultados hemoscópicos positivos de malária, diagnosticados pela Fundação Nacional de Saúde — FNS/Manaus. A avaliação antropométrica foi universal, envolvendo as medidas de Peso, Altura, índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC), Prega Cutânea Triciptal (PCT), Circunferência Braquial (CB) e Circunferência Muscular do Braço (CMB). O universo estudado foi ainda subamostrado para avaliação Hematológica, Bioquímica (121 indivíduos) e Parasitológica (55 indivíduos). A análise dos resultados evidencia que apesar da presença da malária e das precárias condições de vida dos doentes, constatou-se que o Peso, Altura, IMC, CB e CMB apresentaram valores médios considerados normais, excetuando-se os resultados da PCT que foram inferiores aos padrões considerados de normalidade. Os resultados de Hematócrito, Hemoglobina, Glicose, Ferro sérico e Triglicerídeos, apresentaram-se dentro dos limites de normalidade, estando a Proteína Total no limite inferior recomendado, e, o HDL colesterol abaixo do limite de normalidade. O inquérito de consumo alimentar revelou que a população estudada teve acesso a uma dieta bem estruturada, sendo frequente o consumo de alimentos construtores (peixe, carnes e ovos), abundantes os energéticos: arroz, pão, gordura vegetal (óleos), e, em menor quantidade os reguladores (verduras e frutas). Como prováveis agravantes do estado nutricional dos portadores de malária, constatou-se alto índice de parasitose gastrointestinal, predominando o poliparasitismo, precárias condições de habitação, baixo nível de escolaridade, baixa renda, alto consumo de cigarro e álcool.
Variação temporal de nutrientes na água escorrida pelo caule em floresta primária explorada no nordeste do Pará
Authors: de MELO Vânia Silva , SÁ Tatiana Deane de Abreu
Published: June 2015

Foi enfocada a contribuição de nutrientes da água escorrida pelo caule (CE), na ciclagem hidroquímica em floresta primária explorada, em Benevides, PA. A concentração de nutrientes na CE foi avaliada de dezembro de 1993 a abril de 1995, mediante coletores tipo colarinho, construídos com espuma de silicone, acoplados por tubos a recipientes plásticos. O monitoramento de CE se restringiu a doze árvores, nas quais foram coletadas mensalmente amostras para análise química de K+, Na+, Ca2+ e Mg2+ por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, o N-NH4+, N-NO3 - e P-PO4 3- por colorimetria, em espectofotômetro de fluxo contínuo, o N-total por micro Kjeldahl e pH por potenciometria. A quantidade de nutrientes trazidos pela CE foi maior no início da época chuvosa, exibindo marcante variabilidade temporal para K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, N-total, SO4 2-, enquanto que o oposto aconteceu com PO4 3-. A magnitude na concentração dos nutrientes decresceu na seguinte ordem: K+ > Na+ > Ca2+ > N-t > SO4 2- > Mg2+ > PO4 3-. A distribuição e a intensidade de chuva não influenciam marcantemente o pH na CE.
Risk and protection factors for cardiovascular diseases among adults of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Silva Solanyara Maria da , Luiz Ronir Raggio , Pereira Rosangela Alves
Published: June 2015

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and hospital expenses in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To describe the temporal variation on risk and protective factors for cardiovascular diseases in adults (≥18 years old). METHODS: Data were obtained from population-based telephone surveys carried out between 2006 and 2009 in Cuiabá, the capital of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The prevalence of smoking, alcohol abuse, markers of diet quality consumption, physical activities, leisure, domestic work, and commute was estimated. Statistical significance of temporal variations in these estimators was estimated by logistic regression models, whose dependent variables were the analyzed risk factors (absent = 0; present = 1) and independent variable was the year of the survey. RESULTS: There was an increase in the proportion of men who reported to never have smoked (from 53 to 61%, p = 0.04). The frequency of regular soft drink consumption was reduced by 23% (p < 0.01). Overall, the reference to the consumption of fruits and vegetables increased by 19% (p = 0.02), and among men this increase was clearer (49%; p < 0.01). There was a reduction in domestic work (p < 0.01) and in leisure physical activity among women (from 14 to 10%; p = 0.02). Conversely, there was an increase in the proportion of women and individuals older than 40 years of age who make active commuting every day. CONCLUSION: Favorable changes in cardiovascular risk and protective factors were mostly observed among men, young adults, and those with more than eight schooling years.
Labor Potential of the Northern Economic Region of Russia and Vocational Education Issues
Authors: Terentyeva Marina
Published: June 2015

The modern state of the education system in the Republic of Komi has been analyzed to identify the vocational and qualification structure of manpower in the Northern Economic Region. The evolution of the vocational education system was studied beginning from 1959. It is shown that the education system is developing in line with the catch-up pattern, which implies universal nature of higher vocational education. The non-diversified structure of production in the Republic of Komi makes the vocational education system solve two contradicting problems: performance of the 2020 Strategy focused mainly on translating the region to innovative development, on one hand, and overcoming the labor market imbalance on the other. Two educational clusters are evolving in the region today, associated with the forest and oil & gas industries. Ultimately, the personnel training system should be brought in line with the economic structure of the region in need of manpower.
“The Lack of Lesson Objectives Leads to the Lack of Progressive Ideas in Teaching History”. Habitus and Discourse of People Employed in Local Education Authorities of the Early 1950s
Authors: Chashchukhin Aleksandr
Published: June 2015

This paper analyzes the specific features of habitus and speech practices of education authority employees of the late Stalinist era. These people are often “invisible” for researchers who traditionally focus on teachers and students. Meanwhile, it’s inspectors and administrators of local education authorities, developers of teaching methods, professors of advanced training institutes, and party functionaries supervising educational policy issues who mastered and produced discourses that were not just a basis for statutory records: their speech practices were translated to the school, constructing the professional worldview of teachers. The study uses materials of the audit carried out in 1949–1950 by Molotov (Perm) regional education authority at the initiative of the regional committee. The auditors were interested in how two ideology-forming school subjects, History and Constitution of the Soviet Union, were taught. We also investigate into the ways of using political language in professional teaching environments and reconstruct the mechanisms of school teacher performance assessment and the practices that molded the habitus of a teaching expert in the education system.
The Unnoble Nobles: Notes on Shakespeare’s Masterful Characterization in Macbeth
Authors: Ramin Zohreh , Shafinasab Alireza
Published: June 2015

When writing Macbeth, Shakespeare faced a moral and aesthetic challenge. On the one hand, he had drawn the story of Macbeth from Holinshed's Chronicles, in which Banquo is depicted as an accomplice in the murder of King Duncan. On the other hand Banquo was believed to be the ancestor of King James, Shakespeare’s patron. Shakespeare had to write a play that at once pleased King James, remained true to the spirit of history, and could be a popular hit in the commercial world of Jacobean theatre, all seemingly contradictory ends because of the problem with the character of Banquo. So Shakespeare characterizes him in a different manner from his sources. The new characterization served a number of purposes. The most important reason for the alternation was to please King James, the alleged descendant of Banquo. Other than that, there is the dramatic purpose of creating a foil character for Macbeth, who can highlight Macbeth's characteristics. The presence of a noble Banquo also shows that human being can resist evil, as does Banquo. These points have been emphasized in many writings on Macbeth, which mean that Shakespeare's Banquo is an innocent man, a seemingly deviation from history. The present paper, however, tries to examine Shakespeare's complex characterization of Banquo which must meet those seemingly contradicting ends, a characterization far more ambivalent and artful than simple political affiliations might suggest. It will be shown that Shakespeare's Banquo not only is not simply an innocent man he seems to be at the first reading, but he could be as murderous as Macbeth himself. The only difference between the two is that one acts sooner than the other.
What are Monetary and Non-Monetary Factors to Motivate Employees?
Authors: Shafique Muhammad Nouman , Ahmad Naveed , Ahmad Hussain , Ibrar Muhammad
Published: June 2015

The word motivation has been derived from motive which means any idea, need or emotion that prompts a man in to action. Whatever may be the behavior of man, there is some stimulus behind it. Stimulus is dependent upon the motive of the person concerned. Motive can be known by studying his needs and desires. There is no universal theory that can explain the factors influencing motives which control man’s behavior at any particular point of time. In general, the different motives operate at different times among different people and influence their behaviors. Motivation is an important function which very manager performs for actuating the people to work for accomplishment of objectives of the organization. Issuance of well-conceived instructions and orders does not mean that they will be followed .A manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to enthuse the employees to follow them. Effective motivation succeeds not only in having an order accepted but also in gaining a determination to see that it is executed efficiently and effectively.
Politiques linguistiques canadiennes et littératie en langues seconds des immigrants adultes : état des lieux
Authors: Jezak Monika
Published: June 2015

Cet article a pour objectif de présenter l’état des lieux de deux discours sur la littératie en L2 des immigrants adultes qui co-existent actuellement au Canada : 1) le discours autour des habiletés et des pratiques (réelles et/ou déclarées) de littératie et 2) le discours et les actions politiques qui visent l’acquisition du bi- ou du multilinguisme par cette population. Cet examen fait ressortir un certain manque de congruence entre, d’une part, les visées politiques et d’autre part, les besoins des immigrants en matière de littératie en langues secondes ; ce qui est susceptible de causer, pour certains groupes d’immigrants, une participation limitée à la société canadienne.
Public policy, language practice and language policy beyond compulsory education: Higher education policy and student experience*
Authors: Lamoureux Sylvie
Published: June 2015

Using higher education as a context, this article explores public policy and policy analysis in relation to language policy studies and argues for greater consideration of language issues in public policy and policy analysis. Conversely, language policy studies must also expand to integrate elements of public policy analysis in order to reveal the complexities of language practices and policies in societies where linguistic heterogeneity is the norm. This article is divided in two parts, with the first part drawing on a literature review to explore language issues in public policy for higher education. Using data from various studies on Francophone students’ access to and postsecondary experiences in a minority context, the second part will examine higher education in Ontario, Canada, from a public policy and a language policy perspective.*The author wishes to thank the reviewers for their helpful comments, the participants of the 2010 Language Policy and Planning Invited Symposium for the dialogism of our first meeting, and Professor Emeritus Stacy Churchill for his mentorship, his stewardship to the field of LPP and his inspiring work.
Innovation in techniques for teacher commentary on ESL writers’ drafts
Authors: McGarrell Hedy , Alvira Roberta
Published: June 2015

Recent technological advances make computer and Internet tools an attractive alternative to traditional written teacher commentary on students’ academic writing assignments. This presentation will discuss how one such tool was used for oral teacher commentary on the first draft paragraphs of intermediate level English learners’ (B1 in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) texts. Analyses of texts from treatment and control groups will show the commentary students received on their first draft, the changes they made to their first draft as reflected in their second draft, and the students’ attitudes towards the tool on each of three writing assignments collected at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the term. The presenters will conclude by drawing comparisons between the video-based teacher commentary and recent work on written teacher commentary to discuss potential strengths and weaknesses of the technique illustrated in the study.
“Updating” language teachers: Educators, techno-educator, edurectors?
Authors: Lombardi Ivan
Published: June 2015

In training courses, trainees and language teachers are mostly concerned about how to harness meaningfully the educational value of ICTs. They do not distrust their potential per se, but said they ask for a formula to capitalize efficiently on technological resources. European documents and guidelines have already encouraged to integrate media education into language teacher training curricula; the profile of the language educator, in fact, also involves a targeted education to technologies, and not just through technologies: the language educator should become a techno-educator for colleagues and, most of all, learners. Ideally, the figure of the language teacher is becoming more and more multi-faceted: he or she (as recent literature suggests) has to be able to “perform” as an educator, a techno-educator, a facilitator, a tutor. Can the edurector (a blend of “educator” and “director”) metaphor help to outline a new and more easily achievable profile?
Fouling in hollow fiber membrane microfilters used for household water treatment
Authors: Murray Anna , Goeb Mario , Stewart Barbara , Hopper Catherine , Peck Jamin , Meub Carolyn , Asatekin Ayse , Lantagne Daniele
Published: June 2015

The Sawyer PointOne hollow fiber membrane microfilter is promoted for household water treatment in developing countries. Critical limitations of membrane filtration are reversible and irreversible membrane fouling, managed by backwashing and chemical cleaning, respectively. The PointOne advertised lifespan is 10 years; users are instructed to backwash as maintenance. Owing to reduced turbidity and bacterial removal efficiencies, six PointOnes were removed from Honduran homes after 23 months of use. In the laboratory, we tested sterile water filtrate for turbidity and bacterial presence before and after backwashing and chemical cleaning. Sterile water filtrate from uncleaned filters had turbidity of 144–200 NTU and bacteria counts of 13–200 CFU. Cleaned filter effluent was positive for total coliforms. On one new and one used, cleaned filter, we imaged membranes with scanning electron microscopy and characterized surface elemental compositions with spectroscopy. Images and spectroscopy of the used, cleaned membrane revealed a dense, cake fouling layer consisting of inorganic metal oxides, organic material, and biofouling. Burst fibers were visually observed. This PointOne was thus irreversibly fouled and non-functional after <2 years of use. Further research is recommended to determine: impacts of source water quality on PointOne performance, a cleaning regimen to manage fouling, and an appropriate filter lifespan.
Morphological aspects of blister aneurysms and nuances for surgical treatment
Authors: Bojanowski Michel W. , Weil Alexander G. , McLaughlin Nancy , Chaalala Chiraz , Magro Elsa , Fournier Jean-Yves
Published: June 2015

OBJECT

Blister aneurysms of the supraclinoid part of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are known for their high morbidity and mortality rates related to treatment, regardless of whether the treatment is surgical or endovascular. However, this grim prognosis is based on results that indiscriminately group all blister aneurysms together without taking into account the heterogeneous appearance of these lesions. The goal of this study was 2-fold: to determine whether different blister aneurysm morphologies present different pitfalls, which would then require different surgical strategies, as well as to determine whether there are identifiable subgroups of these types of aneurysms based on morphology.

METHODS

The authors reviewed the charts, cerebral catheter angiograms, surgical reports, and intraoperative videos of all ICA blister aneurysms treated surgically at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal from 2005 to 2012 to investigate whether there was a relationship between morphology and pitfalls, and whether different surgical strategies had been used according to these pitfalls. During this review process the authors noted 4 distinct morphological aspects. These 4 aspects led to a review of the English and French literature on blister aneurysms in which imaging was available, to determine whether other cases could also be classified into the same 4 subgroups based on these morphological aspects.

RESULTS

The retrospective review of the authors’ series of 10 patients allowed a division into 4 distinct subtypes: Type I (classic), Type II (berry-like), Type III (longitudinal), and Type IV (circumferential). These subtypes may at times be progressive stages in the arterial anomaly, and could represent a continuum. Each subtype described in this paper presented its own pitfalls and required specific surgical adaptations. Upon reviewing the literature the authors retained 35 studies involving a total of 61 cases of blister aneurysms, and all cases were able to be classified into 1 of these 4 distinct subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS

Although they share some common characteristics, blister aneurysms may be divided into distinct subtypes, suggestive of a continuum. Such a classification with a detailed description of each type of blister aneurysm would allow for better recognition to anticipate complications during intervention and better assess the different treatment strategies according to the subtypes.
ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE PERINEUM OF BLACK BENGAL DOE
Authors: Haque Z , Quasem MA , Karim MR , Khan MZI
Published: June 2015

The present study was conducted to make topographic descriptions and illustrations of the arterial supply of the perineum of 12 Black Bengal does during the period from July to December 2004 in the Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The animals were anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium @ 20 mg / kg body weight IM and bled to death by giving incision on the right common carotid artery. Whole vascular system was flashed with 0.85% physiological saline solution and then 10% formalin was injected through the same route for well preservation. After preservation, the animals were injected with latex coloured with red carmine again through the right common carotid artery. Then the animals were dissected to study the arterial supply of the perineum of Black Bengal doe. The study revealed that the perineum was supplied by the urogenital and internal pudendal arteries. The urogenital artery was originated from the internal iliac artery near the ischiatic spine and after a short course to the lateral surface of the vagina it was divided into cranial and caudal branches. The cranial branch after supplying branch of the urethra, urinary bladder and ureter anastomosed with the uterine artery. The caudal branch coursed along the dorsolateral surface of the vagina and gave branches of the rectum, anus, vagina, vestibule, vestibular -land, vulva and a branch to the mammary gland. The internal pudendal artery was the termination of the internal iliac artery which after giving muscular branches to the levator ani, and coccygeus muscles coursed lateral to these muscles and gave vestibular branches and finally continued on the ventral aspect of clitoris.
EFFECT OF NERIUM OLEANDER POISONING ON BLOOD OF MALE GUINEAPIGS
Authors: Chowdhury MGA , . Azizunnesa , Hossain MA , Hasan Q
Published: June 2015

Haematological changes were studied in 36 adult male guineapigs during the period from July to December 1994. These animals were divided into six equal groups (A to F), each group consisting of six animals. Each animal of group B to F was administered with a single oral dose of crude watery extract of sheath oleander @ 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 mg / kg body weight, respectively, whereas animals of group A which served as control. After administration of crude watery extract of 1/2, 6 and 72 hours a significant increase of in total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and haemoglobin (Hb). The maximum increase on TEC, TLC and Hb as 35, 51 and 14%, respectively, @ 750 mg / kg body weight at 6 hr of administration of crude watery extract and the minimum value of TEC, TLC and Hb as 16, 27 and 4%, respectively, with the dose rate of 300 mg / kg body weight at the same time. The elevated haematological parameters returned to normal level within 7 days of administration.
EFFECTS OF SELENIUM, IRON AND ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION ON ARSENIC CONCENTRATION IN TISSUES WITH GROSS PATHOLOGY IN LONG EVANS RATS
Authors: Islam MN , Awal MA , Kabir SML , Islam MS , Islam MW
Published: June 2015

The study was carried out to know the effects of selenium, iron and zinc supplementation on gross pathology and tissue arsenic concentration in Long Evans rats during the period from August to October 2003. A total of 25, one-month-old male rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups as A, B, C, D and E. Rats of group A were kept as control without giving any treatment. Rats of groups B, C and D were given normal rat pellet (25 g / rat / day) and in addition to arsenic trioxide (As2O3) @ 400 mg / litre, they were treated with sodium selenite (NaSe) @ 1 mg / litre, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) @ 150 mg / litre and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) @ 50 mg / litre respectively while rats of group E were treated with only arsenic trioxide (AS2O3) 400 @ mg / litre drinking water daily for 42 days. All the rats of groups B, C and D showed slight congestion in the liver, spleen, heart and kidney and haemorrhage in stomach and intestine but the rats of group E showed heavy congestion in the liver, spleen, heart and kidney and rose-red inflammation in the stomach and severe haemorrhagic enteritis. Among the treated groups, the rats of groups B (0.0126-0.27 ppm), C (0.03-0.32 ppm) and D (0.04-0.288 ppm) which were supplemented with sodium selenite, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate respectively along with arsenic trioxide showed reduced arsenic concentrations in different tissues while the rats of group E treated only with arsenic trioxide showed higher concentrations of arsenic in tissues (0.05-0.4 ppm). The concentration of arsenic in the liver, kidney, spleen, heart, stomach, intestine, muscle and dermis of the treated rats were 0.27-0.40 ppm, 0.06-0.22 ppm, 0.052-0.20 ppm, 0.0126-0.102 ppm, 0.054-0.16 ppm, 0.064-0.176 ppm, 0.028-0.07 ppm and 0.03-0.05 ppm respectively. It may be concluded that supplementation of selenium, iron and zinc reduces the arsenic concentration in tissues like liver, kidney, spleen, heart, intestine, stomach, muscle and dermis of rats as well as lower the tissue damage caused by arsenic. The present results also indicate that arsenic is deposited mainly in liver followed by kidney, spleen, dermis, heart and muscle.
Synliggörande av tyst kunskap i gymnasial yrkesutbildning
Authors: Lundgren Mats , Von Schantz Lundgren Ina
Published: June 2015

Yrkesutbildning skiljer sig från andra former av gymnasieutbildning genom att den innehåller praktisk kunskap som kan vara svårfångad, ofta benämnd som tyst kunskap. Tyst kunskap utgör en förutsättning för att yrkeselever ska kunna tillägna sig ett yrkes kultur, praxis och kunskapstradition. Med utgångspunkt i yrkeslärares berättelser beskrivs i artikeln med stöd av tre definierade kompetensområden, 1) yrkesfältet, 2) handlag i yrket samt 3) interaktion och social kompetens, hur yrkeslärare arbetar för att möjliggöra att ett yrkes tysta kunskaper kan läras i en skolmiljö. Resultatet visar betydelsen av att yrkeslärares tysta kunskaper blottläggs för eleverna genom att de i sin undervisning, berättar, visar och ställer frågor. Det är i dessa möten som den tysta kunskapens betydelse i yrkesutövning kan bli synlig för eleverna.
Pourquoi Wesley ? Wesley pour quoi ?
Authors: Cottret Bernard
Published: June 2015

L’histoire du protestantisme a longtemps eu tendance à valoriser à juste titre le xvi e siècle, comme étant le siècle de la Réforme par excellence. Dans son Histoire de la Réforme protestante parue il y a quelques années, Bernard Cottret * a choisi d’ajouter le nom de John Wesley à ceux, prévisibles, de Luther et Calvin. Cela renvoyait à un choix historiographique déterminé : les phénomènes de Réveil, que l’on trouve en Grande-Bretagne, en Amérique ou dans la France du xix e siècle et au-delà ont joué un rôle déterminant dans la constitution d’une identité protestante actuelle, alors même que le nom de Wesley est inconnu ou pour le moins largement méconnu en France, à l’exception de certains milieux protestants.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Hydrothermal Growth ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Foo Kai Loong , Hashim U. , Voon Chun Hong , Kashif M.
Published: June 2015

ZnO nanorods, type of the metal-oxide semiconductor deposited on interdigitated electrode (IDE) substrate using hydrothermal growth technique. The growth ZnO nanorods was annealed in furnace at 500°C for 2 hours as to obtain highly crystallite of ZnO nanorods. XRD pattern indicated the synthesized ZnO nanorods have preferred orientation along the (002) plane. Moreover, FESEM images showed that the nanorods with the size less than 60 nanometer were successfully synthesized using hydrothermal growth technique. The investigation on optical properties using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer confirmed ZnO is classified as a wide band gap semiconductor material. Furthermore, the growth ZnO nanorods which undergo electrical properties testing using dielectric analyzer and source meter show that the ZnO nanorods demonstrated rectifying behaviour.
Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles to Synthesize Bundles of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Liu Wei Wen , Aziz Azizan , Chai Siang Piao , Rahman Mohamed Abdul , Hashim U. , Lai Chin Wei
Published: June 2015

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized in aqueous solutions without any surfactants. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles are nearly spherical and have an average diameter of 10.33nm and a narrow size distribution. Bundles of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) were synthesized using these Fe3O4 nanoparticles supported by MgO. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that tremendous amount of bundles SWCNT with uniform diameters were produced. The average diameter of bundles SWCNT is 1.22nm. Raman spectrum shows that well graphitized SWCNTs were formed based on the low ratio of ID/IG. Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be an effective active metal to synthesize large quantity bundles of SWCNT.
Study of the Effect of Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) Substrate on the Growth of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanorods via Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Khalid Noor Sakinah , Wan Zaki Wan Suhaimizan , bin Ahmad Mohd Khairul
Published: June 2015

This paper explains on how to fabricate TiO2 on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The properties of FTO surface are electrically conductive, stable under atmosphere condition, chemically inert, mechanically hard, high temperature resistance and high tolerance to physical abrasion. This study focuses on growing titanium dioxide (TiO2) on FTO substrate. TiO2 is deposited onto FTO via hydrothermal method using hydrochloric acid (HCl), de-ionized water and titanium butoxide (TBOT) as precursor. The analyses are done on field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The TiO2 grow on FTO substrate is showing uniformity and efficiency to be applied later in application of dye synthesis solar cells. Thus TiO2 can absorb the light and spread the electrons faster to produce electricity.
Influence of Thermal Annealing on the Properties of Sol-Gel-Derived Al:ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Malek Mohd Firdaus , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Musa M.Z. , Rusop M.
Published: June 2015

Aluminium doped zinc oxide (Al:ZnO) thin films were prepared by a sol-gel dip coating process. In particular, the case of change of thermal annealing temperature was studied. The characterisation of the films by various analytical methods shows a correlation between thermal annealing temperature and characteristic of the film. The influence of the thermal annealing temperature on the film growth can be clearly observed. At lower thermal annealing temperatures, granular structure dominates the films, while the films feature a bigger grain growth at higher annealing temperatures. All films exhibited an average transmittance of greater than 85% in the visible region, with absorption edges at ~380 nm.
Properties of Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Azira Abd Aziz , Hassim Dayang Habibah Abangismawi I. , Verasamy D. , Abu Bakar Suriani , Rusop M.
Published: June 2015

In order to achieve improvements in the performance of rubber materials, the development of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced rubber composites was attempted. The CNT/epoxidised natural rubber (ENR) nanocomposite was prepared through latex technology. Physical and mechanical properties of the CNT/ENR nanocomposites were characterized in contrast to the carbon black (CB)/ENR composite. The dispersion of the CNTs in the rubber matrix and interfacial bonding between them were rather good; monitored transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the CNT-reinforced ENR showed a considerable increase compared to the neat ENR and traditional CB/ENR composite. The storage modulus of the CNT/ENR nanocomposites greatly exceeds that of neat ENR and CB/ENR composites and a maximum conductivity of about 1 S m-1 can be achieved. The approach presented can be adapted to other CNT/polymer latex systems.
The Electrical Signals Measurement for Silicon Nanowires pH Sensor
Authors: Md Nuzaihan M.N. , Hashim U. , Md Arshad Mohd Khairuddin , Rahim Ruslinda A. , Azman A.H.
Published: June 2015

In this work, we report the geometrical characteristics and the electrical performance of silicon nanowires array for pH level detection. The smallest silicon nanowires structure is 40 nm width and 400 μm length. The Silicon Nanowires Array is tested with pH buffer solutions of pH4, pH7 amd pH10. Direct current (DC) measurement is the most common method of detecting the electrical signals of silicon nanowires sensor. The results show that the IV characteristic is directly proportional and the pH sensitivity calculated from linear relation between the drain-source current vs the pH value was 1.4nA/pH. These results are important for future biosensing experiments and data analysis using Silicon Nanowires Array devices.
Carbon Nanostructures Production from Waste Materials: A Review
Authors: Alfarisa Suhufa , Abu Bakar Suriani , Mohamed Azmi , Hashim Norhayati , Kamari Azlan , Md Isa Illyas , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Rahman Mohamed Abdul , Rusop Mahmood Mohamad
Published: June 2015

Research innovation in finding new carbon sources for carbon nanostructures material production was intensively done lately. In this review, we present the production of carbon nanostructures such as carbon fibers, nanotubes, nanowhiskers, microspheres and porous carbon from several waste materials. The benefit of the use of waste materials such as waste cooking palm oil, chicken fat, waste natural oil, glycerol, printed circuit board, plastic wastes, waste engine oil, scrap tyre, heavy oil residue and deoiled asphalt is not only in the term of their environmentally friendly approach but also the economic value to reduce the high cost of carbon material production using common sources. On the other hand, these materials are easy access sources and can be alternative utilization to convert waste materials into high value nanomaterials.
Ultra-Thin Body and Buried Oxide (UTBB) SOI MOSFETs on Suppression of Short-Channel Effects (SCEs): A Review
Authors: Othman Noraini , Md Arshad Mohd Khairuddin , Sabki Syarifah Norfaezah , Hashim U.
Published: June 2015

This paper reviews the different UTBB SOI MOSFET structures and their superiority in suppressing short-channel effects (SCEs). As the gate length (Lg), buried oxide thickness (TBOX) and silicon thickness (Tsi) are scaled down, the severity of SCEs becomes significant. The different UTBB SOI MOSFET device structures introduced to suppress these SCEs are discussed. The effectiveness of these structures in managing the associated SCEs such as drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), subthreshold swing (SS) and off-state leakage current (Ioff) is also presented. Further evaluations are made on other competing CMOS technologies such as multigate MOSFETs (FinFETs, three-gates, four-gates) and junctionless transistor in controlling the SCEs.
Photovoltaic Properties of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Novel Aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays on Sn-Doped ZnO Seeded Catalyst with Different Aspect Ratio
Authors: Saurdi I. , Mamat Mohamad Hafiz , Shafura A.K. , Malik M.F. , Ishak A. , Rusop Mohamad
Published: June 2015

The Sn-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on glass and ITO by sol gel Spin Coating technique. The Structural and electrical properties of Sn-doped ZnO thin films were studied and discussed. The Sn-doped ZnO thin film particle sizes were decreased whenever the doping concentration increased. Besides that, the resistivity 7.7 x 102 Ω.cm was obtained at 2 at.% Sn-doped thin films and aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with large surface area were grown on 2 at.% Sn-doped ZnO film. Therefore, dye sensitized solar cell at 2.0 at.% Sn-doped ZnO thin films with aligned ZnO Nanorod arrays have improved in the photocurrent density and conversion efficiency.
Effect of Particle Size on the Synthesization of Latex Nanoparticles
Authors: Hassmoro N.F. , Rusop M. , Abdullah Saifollah
Published: June 2015

The differential microemulsion polymerization method was used to prepare the latex nanoparticles at different amount of monomer. The monomer mixture consists different amount of butyl methacrylate (BMA) that was varied from 5.7 g to 9.7 g. Thin film of latex nanoparticles was prepared using the spin coating method and has been dried at 100°C for 5 minutes. The particle sizes of latex nanoparticles were characterized using Zetasizer nanoseries and the structural properties of the samples was studied using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). As the BMA amount increased, the particle sizes of latex nanoparticles has found to decrease from 69.66 nm to 31.16 nm and the roughness has detected to reduce from 3.78 nm to 2.63 nm. We have found that the BMA content in the polymerization has sensitively effect the particle sizes and the structural properties of the latex nanoparticles.