bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community health information needs assessment in the mid‐south region of the United States indicates new roles for public libraries
Authors: Lee Sohye , Singarella Irma , Bertz Christine , Hicks Kathryn , Elswick Susan , Jin Seok Won , Williams‐Click Y'Esha , Howard Jordan
Published: June 2024

Background

Libraries provide public access to information that may be used to inform healthcare decisions. Exploring the health information needs of library‐users could improve community health outcomes, especially during times of crisis like the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify the health information needs of library‐users to explore the potential role of libraries in advancing community health.

Methods

A quantitative, descriptive, cross‐sectional survey was employed.

Results

One hundred and fifty participants in the (Memphis) Tennessee metropolitan area, ranging from 18 to 84 years of age, completed the survey between September 2020 and April 2021. Most respondents reported seeking physical and mental health‐related information from libraries. In addition, nearly half of respondents reported delaying medical care due to risk of exposure to COVID‐19, cost or appointment issues.

Discussion

Study results indicated that there were urgent health information needs among library‐users in this community, that COVID‐19 further limited or delayed access to information, and that library‐users accessed health information during library visits.

Conclusion

Public libraries have the potential to serve as information hubs to improve community health outcomes. Additional research should be conducted to collect qualitative community health information needs and the ways in which public library systems can address them.
Floral richness drives pollinator diversity after fire in upland forests and meadows of the Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Tarbill Gina L. , White Angela M. , Sollmann Rahel
Published: June 2024

There are concerns over the effects of increasingly large and high‐severity fires that burn outside the local natural range of variation on ecosystem services and biodiversity.

Pollinators provide important ecosystem services in the dry forests of the western United States where they depend on open habitat created or maintained by frequent, low‐ to moderate‐severity fire.

We investigated the impact of burn severity on pollinator diversity in upland forest and meadow habitat at local (i.e., at the plot scale) and regional (burn severity class) spatial scales in the Sierra Nevada of California.

In meadows, pollinator richness declined with increasing burn severity, but in uplands, there was no significant effect of burn severity on pollinator richness. Absence of pollinators was more likely to occur in unburned or high‐severity uplands.

At the regional scale, we found that α was similar among burn classes in both habitats, although communities in burned uplands tended to be less even than unburned uplands. β was significantly higher in moderately burned than unburned upland habitat, but there were no significant differences in β for meadow habitats.

Because meadows tend to be both more diverse and more sensitive to the negative impacts of high‐severity fire than uplands, conservation measures for pollinators could prioritise the removal of encroaching conifer species that may increase fire severity in these systems.
Long‐term investigation and analysis of patulin occurrence in juice products in China
Authors: Zhu Ruiyu , Lin Haiyan , Shan Shuo , Mei Gang , Pan Hong , Zhao Chengyao , Wang Tianjiao , Chen Deng
Published: June 2024

Excessive patulin contamination in fruit juice products pose a significant risk to human health. However, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive and long‐term survey regarding the contamination of patulin in fruit juices within the Chinese market. The present study revealed a discernible decline in the patulin contamination levels, which were as follows: 60% (33/55), 18.28% (17/93), 0% (0/122), 15.58% (12/77), and 0% (0/63) at various survey time dates (2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022). Among them, 18.18% (in 2014), 6.45% (in 2016), and 3.90% (in 2020) of samples exceeded the maximum limit concentration of 50 μg/L, respectively. Despite the presence of varying levels of patulin contamination, the average daily intake of patulin across all years did not present a discernible risk to human health. This investigation offers valuable insights for evaluating the extent of human exposure to patulin and establishing regulatory measures to ensure the safety of juice products.
Releasing angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE‐I) peptides by Yamadazyma spp. in non‐fat milk
Authors: Devecioglu Dilara , Sarıakcalı Busra , Orhan Betul , Daskaya‐Dikmen Ceren , Ozcelik Beraat , Karbancioglu‐Guler Funda
Published: June 2024

The objectives of this study were to analyse the impact of both temperature and different isolates on microbial protease production ability and to examine the hypertensive effect of bioactive peptides (BAPs) that inhibit the angiotensin I‐converting enzyme released by fermentation of non‐fat milk. First, the ability of several Yamadazyma spp. isolates, which were previously isolated and identified from several sources, was screened in terms of the production of proteolytic enzymes at 15 and 25 °C. The effect of temperature on proteolysis activity of selected isolates was considerable, and incubation at 25 °C was favourable for protease production. Besides, combinations of three different isolates showed remarkable proteolytic activity during the incubation periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. The highest angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE‐I) activity was detected for the combination Yamadazyma spp. BO10 and B514‐1, with an inhibition of 92.5%. The partial purification of peptides by ultrafiltration (cut‐off 10 kDa) has no crucial impact on ACE‐I activity, and further purification might improve their effectiveness. The implications of fermentation with co‐culture may have symbiotic potential to increase the antihypertensive effect of the product. Therefore, these results suggest that Yamadazyma spp. may be used to produce functional products or bioactive peptides presenting health‐promoting attributes.
Uses of science communication and lived experience in intersex advocacy in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Boglev Grace
Published: June 2024

This study analyses science communication in intersex advocacy, with a focus on the Australian and New Zealand context. The collective lived experience of intersex advocates creates a body of knowledge, which informs their evidence‐based activism. This research uses publicly available documents published by intersex advocacy groups and semi‐structured interviews with intersex advocates to determine their approaches to communication and the engagement strategies they use. The analysis shows that lived experience can be a compelling and convincing tool for science communication and advocacy; however, it can take an emotional and mental toll on advocates.
The role of drones in disaster response: A literature review of operations research applications
Authors: Yucesoy Ecem , Balcik Burcu , Coban Elvin
Published: June 2024

The increasing use of drones has led to growing interest in their potential applications in disaster response. In this study, we examine the role of drones in disaster management under three categories of operation types, which are information collection, delivery, and communication network recovery. Focusing on an operations research (OR) perspective, we analyze and summarize the important characteristics of different problem structures and highlight the solution approaches. We also identify gaps and limitations in the current literature and propose future directions for further investigation. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive summary and valuable insights for researchers and practitioners interested in exploring the use of drones for humanitarian purposes and developing OR‐based approaches to support decision‐making.
Evaluation of microembolic signals on carotid ultrasound during pulmonary vein isolation with high‐power short‐duration and cryoballoon ablations: When and where do bubble and solid emboli arise?
Authors: Mizutani Yoshiaki , Yanagisawa Satoshi , Ichikawa Mizuki , Nishio Keisuke , Sakai Hiroya , Nonokawa Daishi , Makino Yuichiro , Suzuki Hitomi , Ichimiya Hitoshi , Uchida Yasuhiro , Watanabe Junji , Kanashiro Masaaki , Inden Yasuya , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The underlying risks of asymptomatic embolization during high‐power short‐duration (HPSD) ablation for atrial fibrillation remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate microembolic signals (MESs) during HPSD ablation with power settings of 50 and 90 W in comparison with those during cryoballoon (CB) ablation using a novel carotid ultrasound‐Doppler system that classifies solid and air bubble signals using real‐time monitoring.

Methods and Results

Forty‐seven patients underwent HPSD ablation using radiofrequency (RF), and 13 underwent CB ablation. MESs were evaluated using a novel pastable soft ultrasound probe equipped with a carotid ultrasound during pulmonary vein isolation. We compared the detailed MESs and their timing between RF and CB ablations. The number of MESs and solid signals were significantly higher in the RF group than in CB group (209 ± 229 vs. 79 ± 32, p = .047, and 83 ± 89 vs. 28 ± 17, p = .032, respectively). In RF ablation, the number of MESs, solid, and bubble signals per ablation point, or per second, was significantly higher at 90 W than at 50 W ablation. The MESs, solid, and bubble signals were detected more frequently in the bottom and anterior walls of the left pulmonary vein (LPV) ablation. In contrast, many MESs were observed before the first CB application and decreased chronologically as the procedure progressed. Signals were more prevalent during the CB interval rather than during the freezing time. Among the 28 patients, 4 exhibited a high‐intensity area on postbrain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI‐positive group showed a trend of larger signal sizes than did the MRI‐negative group.

Conclusion

The number of MESs was higher in the HPSD RF group than in the CB group, with this risk being more pronounced in the 90 W ablation group. The primary detection site was the anterior wall of the LPV in RF and the first interval in CB ablation.
Curvilinearity in the Reference Composite and Practical Implications for Measurement
Authors: Liao Xiangyi , Bolt Daniel M. , Kim Jee‐Seon
Published: June 2024

Item difficulty and dimensionality often correlate, implying that unidimensional IRT approximations to multidimensional data (i.e., reference composites) can take a curvilinear form in the multidimensional space. Although this issue has been previously discussed in the context of vertical scaling applications, we illustrate how such a phenomenon can also easily occur within individual tests. Measures of reading proficiency, for example, often use different task types within a single assessment, a feature that may not only lead to multidimensionality, but also an association between item difficulty and dimensionality. Using a latent regression strategy, we demonstrate through simulations and empirical analysis how associations between dimensionality and difficulty yield a nonlinear reference composite where the weights of the underlying dimensions change across the scale continuum according to the difficulties of the items associated with the dimensions. We further show how this form of curvilinearity produces systematic forms of misspecification in traditional unidimensional IRT models (e.g., 2PL) and can be better accommodated by models such as monotone‐polynomial or asymmetric IRT models. Simulations and a real‐data example from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten are provided for demonstration. Some implications for measurement modeling and for understanding the effects of 2PL misspecification on measurement metrics are discussed.
Structural damage, clogging, collapsing: Analysis of the bridge damage at the rivers Ahr, Inde and Vicht caused by the flood of 2021
Authors: Burghardt Lisa , Klopries Elena‐Maria , Schüttrumpf Holger
Published: June 2024

During the flood event in 2021 within Western Europe, many bridges were severely damaged, particularly in North Rhine‐Westphalia and Rhineland‐Palatinate in Germany. Within this study, a statistical analysis of the damages caused to bridges by the flood event was carried out. First, locations and damages of bridges along the rivers Inde, Vicht and Ahr were mapped. Based on these data, statistical correlations among the damage patterns were analyzed. Approximately 25 bridges along both rivers Inde and Vicht were damaged, while over 80 bridges along the Ahr were damaged. Notably, bridges located near residential areas suffered more severe damage than those in rural areas. In addition, the presence of debris played a significant role in damaging bridges. Although the bridge design did not emerge as the crucial factor, the bridge height could be determined as a contributing factor influencing the extent of damage along all three rivers. Also, the extent of damage increased as soon as overtopping of bridges occurred. Based on these findings, recommendations for the reconstruction of the numerous destroyed bridges could be identified which agree with existing literature. Additionally, recommendations regarding the estimation of 100‐year design floods and the implementation of clogging into flood hazard maps were derived.
Frailty and ethics at the end of life: The importance of a comprehensive assessment
Authors: Mazzola Paolo , Okoye Chukwuma , Riccò Alice , Umidi Simona , Crippa Matteo , Scaccabarozzi Gianlorenzo , Bellelli Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

See the reply by Thomas et al.
Reply to: Frailty and ethics at the end of life: The importance of a comprehensive assessment
Authors: Thomas Columba , Bruera Eduardo , Breitbart William , Alici Yesne , Blackler Liz , Kulikowski Julia D. , Sulmasy Daniel P.
Published: June 2024

This letter comments on the letter by Mazzola et al.
Modified enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in octogenarians undergoing minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Wei Po‐Li , Huang Yan‐Jiun , Wang Weu , Huang Yu‐Min
Published: June 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health issue worldwide. As the population ages, more older patients including octogenarians will require CRC treatment. However, this vulnerable group has decreased functional reserves and increased surgical risks. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways aim to reduce surgical stress and complications, but concerns remain about applying ERAS protocols to older patients. We assessed whether a modified ERAS (mERAS) protocol combined would improve outcomes in octogenarian CRC patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we compared 360 non‐octogenarians aged 50–64 years and 114 octogenarians aged 80–89 years before and after mERAS protocol implementation. Outcomes including postoperative functionary recovery, length of stay, complications, emergency department visits, and readmissions were analyzed.

Results

Despite comparable tumor characteristics, octogenarians had poorer nutrition, American Society of Anesthesiologists status, and more comorbidities. After mERAS, octogenarians had reduced complications, faster return of bowel function, and shorter postoperative length of stay, similar to non‐octogenarians. mERAS implementation improved recovery in both groups without increasing emergency department visits or readmissions.

Conclusion

Although less remarkable than in non‐octogenarians, mERAS protocols mitigated higher complication rates and improved recovery in octogenarians after minimally invasive surgery for CRC, confirming protocol feasibility and safety in this vulnerable population.
Clinical impact of using [18F]AlF‐NOTA‐octreotide PET/CT instead of [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐SSA PET/CT: Secondary endpoint analysis of a multicenter, prospective trial
Authors: Leupe Hannes , Pauwels Elin , Vandamme Timon , Van den Broeck Bliede , Lybaert Willem , Dekervel Jeroen , Van Herpe Filip , Jaekers Joris , Cleeren Frederik , Hofland Johannes , Brouwers Adrienne , Koole Michel , Bormans Guy , Van Cutsem Eric , Geboes Karen , Laenen Annouschka , Verslype Chris , Stroobants Sigrid , Deroose Christophe M.
Published: June 2024

[18F]AlF‐NOTA‐octreotide ([18F]AlF‐OC) is a promising alternative for [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐somatostatin analogs (SSAs) in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the somatostatin receptor (SSTR). Our aim is to assess changes in TNM staging and differences in patient management between [18F]AlF‐OC PET/CT and [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐SSA PET/CT in the work‐up of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients. Patients who underwent both [18F]AlF‐OC and [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐TATE or [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐NOC PET/CT in our multicenter study (Pauwels et al., J Nucl Med.2023;63:632–638) with a NET were included for analysis. TNM staging was determined and compared for both tracers. For each patient, the blinded [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐SSA or [18F]AlF‐OC PET/CT images were presented in random order at a multidisciplinary team board. The images were presented together with clinical information and compared with previous SSTR and [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging. After a consensus decision for patient management was recorded, the board was presented with the PET/CT images from the other SSTR tracer and a decision was made for the second tracer. Differences in management were classified as major if it entailed an intermodality change and minor if it led to an intramodality change. Compared with [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐SSA, the use of [18F]AlF‐OC led to a change in 16/75 patients: TNM staging changes in 10/75 patients (13.3%; downstaging in 3/10, upstaging in 7/10) and differences in clinical management were seen in 10/75 patients (13.3%), leading to a major difference in 7/10 cases and a minor change in 3/10 cases. All 10 cases with a difference in patient management between both PET tracers were caused by additional lesion detection by [18F]AlF‐OC. The use of [18F]AlF‐OC did not impact TNM staging or clinical management in the large majority of the patients (86.7%), further validating the potential for routine clinical use of [18F]AlF‐OC PET/CT as an alternative for [68Ga]Ga‐DOTA‐SSA PET/CT. The trial is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04552847 and EudraCT 2020–000549‐15.
First description of the baubellum in the spectacled bear Tremarctos ornatus (Mammalia: Ursidae)
Authors: De Ridder Tim , Goossenaerts Ellen , Spruyt Jonas , Van Ginneken Chris , Aerts Peter , MacLaren Jamie A.
Published: June 2024

The baubellum (os clitoridis) is a bone found in the clitoris of many female eutherian mammals and is homologous to the baculum in males. In contrast to the baculum, the baubellum has received very little attention regarding its morphological or interspecific diversity, or on hypotheses for its function. The presence of the baubellum in bears (Ursidae) has only been established and mentioned in the literature for the Ursus genus, and not for the other genera of bears. Moreover, no scaled photographs are available for baubella of this clade, and the sizes reported vary between sources. We hereby present and describe the baubellum of a spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), providing a detailed account of baubella in a basal ursid species. The baubellum of Tremarctos is slightly bowed dorsally, with two small prominences at the distal apex. The length of the Tremarctos baubellum in this study is comparable to that of Ursus americanus (American black bear). We infer the specific shape, with longitudinal ridges, of the baubellum in Tremarctos could indicate a discrete function during copulation or sexual arousal. However, future studies, especially regarding the associated soft tissues, will be required to confirm whether this is indeed the case. Our study expands the understanding of baubella within Ursidae, providing new data (including a three‐dimensional model) that can be used to further explore the morphological diversity and function of this enigmatic extra‐skeletal bone.
Singular entry point technique for forehead and temple filler augmentation: Anatomical and clinical perspectives
Authors: Ahn Hyo‐Sang , Kim Hyoung Moon , Oh Wook , Yi Kyu‐Ho , Kim Jisoo , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: June 2024

Background

The depressed volume of the forehead and temple is resolved by filler injection. However, the current method has the potential to cause pain and side effects in patients, depending on the skill of the clinician. Therefore, this study proposes a new method for safer and simpler injection using only one injection entry point.

Methods

Using the novel injection method, the filler was injected into the forehead and temple regions in three unembalmed cadavers and two healthy Korean volunteers. The cannula and filler locations were identified using dissection, ultrasonography, and three‐dimensional (3D) scanning.

Results

Ultrasonographic images and dissection results showed that the filler injected into the cadavers was in the target layer. The cannula and filler were located on the layer as the supraperiosteal layer on the forehead and the supra deep temporal fascia layer in the temple. Finally, 3D scanning images showed that the filler was injected precisely and effectively into the forehead and temples of the volunteer who underwent the procedure.

Conclusions

This method can reduce pain and minimize externally visible wounds caused by injections. The injected filler was naturally connected from the forehead to the temple and maintained for around 3 months. Additionally, it is possible to inject fillers into the forehead and temple at a constant and safe depth without requiring specific skills. It is expected that this method will become a universal method because it minimizes the burden on both patients and clinicians.
Through the lens: A qualitative exploration of nurses' experiences of smart glasses in urgent care
Authors: Sumner Jennifer , Lim Hui Wen , Bundele Anjali , Chew Emily Hwee Hoon , Chong Jia Foong , Koh TsingYi , Sudin Ruhana Binte , Yip Alexander Wenjun
Published: June 2024

Aim

To investigate the real‐world experiences of nurses' using smart glasses to triage patients in an urgent care centre.

Design

A parallel convergent mixed‐method design.

Methods

We collected data through twelve in‐depth interviews with nurses using the device and a survey. Recruitment continued until no new themes emerged. We coded the data using a deductive‐thematic approach. Qualitative and survey data were coded and then mapped to the most dominant dimension of the sociotechnical framework. Both the qualitative and quantitative findings were triangulated within each dimension of the framework to gain a comprehensive understanding of user experiences.

Results

Overall, nurses were satisfied with using smart glasses in urgent care and would recommend them to others. Nurses rated the device highly on ease of use, facilitation of training and development, nursing empowerment and communication. Qualitatively, nurses generally felt the device improved workflows and saved staff time. Conversely, technological challenges limited its use, and users questioned its sustainability if inadequate staffing could not be resolved.

Conclusion

Smart glasses enhanced urgent care practices by improving workflows, fostering staff communication, and empowering healthcare professionals, notably providing development opportunities for nurses. While smart glasses offered transformative benefits in the urgent care setting, challenges, including technological constraints and insufficient organisational support, were barriers to sustained integration.

Implications for Practice

These real‐world insights encompass both the benefits and challenges of smart glass utilisation in the context of urgent care. The findings will help inform greater workflow optimisation and future technological developments. Moreover, by sharing these experiences, other healthcare institutions looking to implement smart glass technology can learn from the successes and barriers encountered, facilitating smoother adoption, and maximising the potential benefits for patient care.

Reporting Method

COREQ checklist (consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research).

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Investigating linkage to care following community‐based screening for hepatitis B virus in rural Senegal: A mixed methods study
Authors: Coste Marion , Diouf Assane , Ndong Cilor , Diouf Aissatou , Périères Lauren , Nishimwe Marie Libérée , Bureau Morgane , Ndiaye Assane , Maradan Gwenaëlle , Diallo Aldiouma , Boyer Sylvie ,   For the AmBASS study group
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates linkage to care following community‐based screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in rural Senegal. HBV‐positive participants who completed a biological and clinical examination to assess liver disease and treatment eligibility were referred to a regional hospital (if eligible for treatment), invited to join the Sen‐B research cohort study (adults with detectable viral load) or referred to their local health centre (all others). Logistic regressions were conducted to investigate factors associated with (i) uptake of the scheduled post‐screening examination, and (ii) HBV management initiation. Obstacles to HBV management were identified using thematic analysis of in‐depth patient interviews. Of the 206 HBV‐positive participants, 163 (79.1%) underwent the examination; 47 of the 163 (28.8%) initiated HBV management. Women, people not migrating for >6 months/year, individuals living in households with more agricultural and monetary resources, with other HBV‐positive participants, and beneficiaries of the national cash transfer program, were all more likely to undergo the examination. The likelihood of joining the Sen‐B cohort increased with household monetary resources, but decreased with agricultural resources. Initiation of HBV management in local health centre was higher among participants with a non‐agricultural economic activity. Individuals reported wariness and confusion about HBV management content and rationale at various stages of the care continuum, in particular with respect to venous blood sampling and management without treatment. In conclusion, HBV community‐based test‐and‐treat strategies are feasible, but early loss to follow‐up must be addressed through simplified, affordable management and community support and sensitization.
afila, the origin and nature of a major innovation in the history of pea breeding
Authors: Tayeh Nadim , Hofer Julie M. I. , Aubert Grégoire , Jacquin Françoise , Turner Lynda , Kreplak Jonathan , Paajanen Pirita , Le Signor Christine , Dalmais Marion , Pflieger Stéphanie , Geffroy Valérie , Ellis Noel , Burstin Judith
Published: June 2024

The afila (af) mutation causes the replacement of leaflets by a branched mass of tendrils in the compound leaves of pea – Pisum sativum L. This mutation was first described in 1953, and several reports of spontaneous af mutations and induced mutants with a similar phenotype exist. Despite widespread introgression into breeding material, the nature of af and the origin of the alleles used remain unknown.

Here, we combine comparative genomics with reverse genetic approaches to elucidate the genetic determinants of af. We also investigate haplotype diversity using a set of AfAf and afaf cultivars and breeding lines and molecular markers linked to seven consecutive genes.

Our results show that deletion of two tandemly arranged genes encoding Q‐type Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factors, PsPALM1a and PsPALM1b, is responsible for the af phenotype in pea. Eight haplotypes were identified in the af‐harbouring genomic region on chromosome 2. These haplotypes differ in the size of the deletion, covering more or less genes.

Diversity at the af locus is valuable for crop improvement and sheds light on the history of pea breeding for improved standing ability. The results will be used to understand the function of PsPALM1a/b and to transfer the knowledge for innovation in related crops.
Gastric dysplastic lesions in Helicobacter pylori‐naïve stomach: Foveolar‐type adenoma and intestinal‐type dysplasia
Authors: Shibagaki Kotaro , Kushima Ryoji , Mishiro Tsuyoshi , Araki Asuka , Niino Daisuke , Ishimura Norihisa , Ishihara Shunji
Published: June 2024

Reports of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)‐naïve gastric neoplasm (HpNGN) cases have been rapidly increasing due to the recent increase in the Hp‐naïve population in Japan. Most HpNGNs exhibit the gastric immunophenotype and a low malignant potential regardless of histological type. Especially, foveolar‐type gastric adenoma (FGA) and intestinal‐type gastric dysplasia (IGD) rarely progress to invasive carcinoma. FGA is a foveolar epithelial neoplasm that occurs in the fundic gland (oxyntic gland) mucosa and is classified as the flat type or raspberry type (FGA‐RA). The flat type is a large, whitish flatly elevated lesion while FGA‐RA is a small reddish polyp. Genomically, the flat type is characterized by APC and KRAS gene mutations and FGA‐RA by a common single nucleotide variant in the KLF4 gene. This KLF4 single‐nucleotide variant reportedly induces gastric foveolar epithelial tumorigenesis and activates both cell proliferation and apoptosis, leading to its slow‐growing nature. IGD consists of an intestinalized epithelial dysplasia that develops in the pyloric gland mucosa, characterized as a superficial depressed lesion surrounded by raised mucosa showing a gastritis‐like appearance. Immunohistochemically, it exhibits an intestinal or gastrointestinal phenotype and, frequently, p53 overexpression. Thus, IGD shows unique characteristics in HpNGNs and a potential multistep tumorigenic process.
Floral thermal biology in relation to pollen thermal performance in an early spring flowering plant
Authors: Sherer T. N. , Heiling J. M. , Koski M. H.
Published: June 2024

The floral microenvironment impacts gametophyte viability and plant–pollinator interactions. Plants employ mechanisms to modify floral temperature, including thermogenesis, absorption of solar radiation, and evaporative cooling. Whether floral thermoregulation impacts reproductive fitness, and how floral morphological variation mediates thermoregulatory capacity are poorly understood.

We measured temperature of the floral microenvironment in the field and tested for thermogenesis in the lab in early spring flowering Hexastylis arifolia (Aristolochiaceae). We evaluated whether thermoregulatory capacity was associated with floral morphological variation. Finally, we experimentally determined the thermal optimum and tolerance of pollen to assess whether thermoregulation may ameliorate thermal stress to pollen.

Pollen germination was optimal near 21 °C, with a 50% tolerance breadth of ~18 °C. In laboratory conditions, flowers exhibited thermogenesis of 1.5–4.8 °C for short intervals within a conserved timeframe (08:00–09:00 h). In the field, temperature inside the floral tube often deviated from ambient – floral interiors were up to 4 °C above ambient when it was cold, but some fell nearly 10 °C below ambient during peak heat. Flowers with smaller openings were cooler and more thermally stable than those with larger openings during peak heat. Thermoregulation maintained a floral microenvironment within the thermal tolerance breadth of pollen.

Results suggest that H. arifolia flowers have a stronger capacity to cool than to warm, and that narrower floral openings create a distinct floral microenvironment, enhancing floral cooling effects. While deviation of floral temperature from ambient conditions maintains a suitable environment for pollen and suggests an adaptive role of thermoregulation, we discuss adaptive and nonadaptive mechanisms underlying floral warming and cooling.
Clinical presentations and diagnostic application of proposed biomarkers in psychiatric‐onset prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Kobayashi Ryota , Iwata‐Endo Kuniyuki , Fujishiro Hiroshige
Published: June 2024

Research criteria for the diagnosis of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) include three clinical subtypes: mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI‐LB), delirium‐onset prodromal DLB, and psychiatric‐onset prodromal DLB. Late‐onset psychiatric manifestations are at a higher risk of developing dementia, but its relation to prodromal DLB remains unclear. In addition to the risk of severe antipsychotic hypersensitivity reactions, accurate discrimination from non‐DLB cases is important due to the potential differences in management and prognosis. This article aims to review a rapidly evolving psychiatric topic and outline clinical pictures of psychiatric‐onset prodromal DLB, including the proposed biomarker findings of MCI‐LB: polysomnography‐confirmed rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, cardiac [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy, and striatal dopamine transporter imaging. We first reviewed clinical pictures of patients with autopsy‐confirmed DLB. Regarding clinical reports, we focused on the patients who predominantly presented with psychiatric manifestations and subsequently developed DLB. Thereafter, we reviewed clinical studies regarding the diagnostic applications of the proposed biomarkers to patients with late‐onset psychiatric disorders. Clinical presentations were mainly late‐onset depression and psychosis; however, other clinical manifestations were also reported. Psychotropic medications before a DLB diagnosis may cause extrapyramidal signs, and potentially influences the proposed biomarker findings. These risks complicate clinical manifestation interpretation during the management of psychiatric symptoms. Longitudinal follow‐up studies with standardised evaluations until conversion to DLB are needed to investigate the temporal trajectories of core features and proposed biomarker findings. In patients with late‐onset psychiatric disorders, identification of patients with psychiatric‐onset prodromal DLB provides the opportunity to better understanding the distinct prognostic subgroup that is at great risk of incident dementia. Advances in the establishment of direct biomarkers for the detection of pathological α‐synuclein may encourage reorganising the phenotypic variability of prodromal DLB.
‘I don't know my way about’: Mirror reversal as a curiously instructive analogue of philosophical perplexity
Authors: English Andrew
Published: June 2024

Wittgenstein said in the Investigations, ‘A philosophical problem has the form: “I don't know my way about”’ (§ 123). The problem of mirror reversal—specifically the twentieth‐century transatlantic controversy between the psychologist Richard Gregory, the mathematical columnist Martin Gardner, the physicist Richard Feynman and various analytic philosophers, including David Pears, Ned Block and Don Locke—is presented here as an instructive case of our not knowing our way about. ‘Why do mirrors reverse left and right but not up and down?’ We discover that our perplexity disappears as we get clearer about the employment of the familiar oppositions left and right, up and down, back and front, and others. Finding our way about in these logico‐grammatical fells, we see connections with our troubles in more vertiginous landscapes. Our disquietude may not be deep (§ 111) but the ‘battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence’ (§ 109) is surprisingly severe.
Response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to full and selective removal of an invasive tree in riparian woodland
Authors: Bañuelas David C. , Shah Neil C. , Perez Jennifer E. , Bellier‐Igasaki Samantha A. , McGauley Emily , Swanson Amanda C. , Arenas Alys , Treseder Kathleen K.
Published: June 2024

The Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) is an invasive species that requires significant disturbance to eradicate. Previous studies have identified associations between the Brazilian pepper tree and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). However, limited research has explored the connection between disturbance from removal and the effect on EMF. This study investigated the sensitivity of EMF and the broader fungal community to the full and selective removal of the Brazilian pepper tree. During the selective removal of Brazilian pepper tree, we examined the mycorrhizal community of the Arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis) to assess the influence of the restoration disturbance on native species. We used ITS2 sequencing to identify the EMF present during the restoration. Our expectation was that both removal efforts would reduce the presence of EMF. Contrary to our predictions, full removal increased EMF richness and relative abundance in the soil. As anticipated, selective removal reduced the richness and relative abundance of EMF associated with soil. Selective removal led to a decrease in the richness of EMF in arroyo willow roots with no effect on relative abundance. Moreover, fungal community composition in soil and roots shifted significantly during selective and full removal. However, the community composition of EMF, specifically, remained constant across treatment types. During full removal efforts, the application of organic soil amendments may have contributed to the increase in the diversity and relative abundance of EMF. Selective removal will require additional measures, such as soil amendments, to curtail the loss of EMF.
How trust matters for the performance and legitimacy of regulatory regimes: The differential impact of watchful trust and good‐faith trust
Authors: Verhoest Koen , Maggetti Martino , Guaschino Edoardo , Wynen Jan
Published: June 2024

Trust is expected to play a vital role in regulatory regimes. However, how trust affects the performance and legitimacy of these regimes is poorly understood. Our study examines how the interplay of trust and distrust relationships among and toward political, administrative, and regulatory actors shapes perceptions of performance and legitimacy. Drawing on cross‐country survey data measuring trust and distrust among various actors within regulatory regimes, our analysis reveals that relationships of watchful trust in terms of a “trust but verify” attitude among actors are conducive to higher regulatory performance. Conversely, the combination of high trust with low distrust fosters regime legitimacy, while high levels of watchfulness even have a detrimental impact on legitimacy. Our research underscores that actors within regulatory regimes adopt a logic of consequentiality when evaluating and contributing to regime performance. In contrast, for fostering regime legitimacy, a logic of appropriateness appears to be more relevant.
Which one is your team? Supraordinate identity around the classic match
Authors: Navarro‐Picado José Francisco , Torres‐Moraga Eduardo , Alonso‐Dos Santos Manuel
Published: June 2024

Objective

The article analyzes up to what extent the supraordinate identity made up by the classic match, influences fans’ consumption intention of media and official merchandise, through a justifiability mediation, while assessing a moderation effect that an identity threat has on the proposed model.

Method

The phenomenon was tested through structural equation modeling on a 439 fanbase sample. Participants are fans from both of the clubs who play the Classic match of their league and were randomly allocated into a threat circumstance or a control situation in order to test the identity threat moderation effect.

Results

Findings suggest that this supraordinate identity has a positive impact on media and merchandise consumption intentions, while legitimacy and permeability forecast its existence. These results argue that fans from both teams experience an identity threat either when their club is under menace and when their rival is.

Conclusion

This is the first article examining a supraordinate identity fabricated by salient rivalries, which is counterintuitive, and how these individuals experience an identity threat when their rival is at risk. The Classic denotes an important marketing instrument, where leagues and clubs can develop stories and rivalries to attract broader audiences.
Recognition of the HLA‐DQB1*03:96 allele in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Lin Py‐Yu
Published: June 2024

One nucleotide substitution in codon 130 of HLA‐DQB1*03:03:02:01 results in a novel allele HLA‐DQB1*03:96.
Predicting and analyzing crime—Environmental design relationship via GIS‐based machine learning approach
Authors: Bediroglu Gamze , Colak Husniye Ebru
Published: June 2024

Correlation between burglary crime and urban environmental characteristics is crucial for understanding the causes of crime events. Mathematical relationships can be linked between crime and crime‐causing events with the help of the machine learning (ML) model and geographic information system (GIS). The main objective of this research is to analyze and predict burglary crime events by applying ML‐based GIS models for Trabzon and Turkey. Random forest regression (RFR) and support vector regression (SVR) were implemented to predict crime. Correlation between crime and urban physical environmental metrics was used in the prediction model. Due to the result of the analysis, the R2 value was measured as 0.78 with the RFR and 0.71 with the SVR algorithm. The height of the building, the proportion of floor area, the density of buildings, and the density of intersection of streets are the four most important variables that affect the burglary crime rate positively. Conversely, the variable with the lowest effect on burglary crime is the ratio of the park to the residential area.
Uniparental silencing of 5S rRNA genes in plant allopolyploids – insights from Cardamine (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Mandáková Terezie , Krumpolcová Alice , Matyášek Roman , Volkov Roman , Lysak Martin A. , Kovařík Ales
Published: June 2024

While the phenomenon of uniparental silencing of 35S rDNA in interspecific hybrids and allopolyploids is well documented, there is a notable absence of information regarding whether such silencing extends to the 5S RNA component of ribosomes. To address this gap in knowledge, we analyzed the 5S and 35S rDNA expression in Cardamine (Brassicaceae) allopolyploids, namely C. × insueta (2n = 3x = 24, genome composition RRA), C. flexuosa (2n = 4x = 32, AAHH), and C. scutata (2n = 4x = 32, PPAA) which share a common diploid ancestor (AA). We employed high‐throughput sequencing of transcriptomes and genomes and phylogenetic analyses of 5S rRNA variants. The genomic organization of rDNA was further scrutinized through clustering and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In the C. × insueta allotriploid, we observed uniparental dominant expression of 5S and 35S rDNA loci. In the C. flexuosa and C. scutata allotetraploids, the expression pattern differed, with the 35S rDNA being expressed from the A subgenome, whereas the 5S rDNA was expressed from the partner subgenome. Both C. flexuosa and C. scutata but not C. × insueta showed copy and locus number changes. We conclude that in stabilized allopolyploids, transcription of ribosomal RNA components occurs from different subgenomes. This phenomenon appears to result in the formation of chimeric ribosomes comprising rRNA molecules derived from distinct parental origins. We speculate that the interplay of epigenetic silencing and rDNA rearrangements introduces an additional layer of variation in multimolecule ribosomal complexes, potentially contributing to the evolutionary success of allopolyploids.
Brieskorn spheres, cyclic group actions and the Milnor conjecture
Authors: Baraglia David , Hekmati Pedram
Published: June 2024

In this paper we further develop the theory of equivariant Seiberg–Witten–Floer cohomology of the two authors, with an emphasis on Brieskorn homology spheres. We obtain a number of applications. First, we show that the knot concordance invariants defined by the first author satisfy for torus knots, whenever is a prime not dividing . Since is a lower bound for the slice genus, this gives a new proof of the Milnor conjecture. Second, we prove that a free cyclic group action on a Brieskorn homology 3‐sphere does not extend smoothly to any homology 4‐ball bounding . In the case of a non‐free cyclic group action of prime order, we prove that if the rank of is greater than times the rank of , then the ‐action on does not extend smoothly to any homology 4‐ball bounding . Third, we prove that for all but finitely many primes a similar non‐extension result holds in the case that the bounding 4‐manifold has positive‐definite intersection form. Finally, we also prove non‐extension results for equivariant connected sums of Brieskorn homology spheres.
Efecto antimicrobiano de las soluciones cloradas en depósitos y líneas de agua de las unidades de consultorios odontológicos en Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors: Mejía Fernández Pedro Pablo , Sánchez Molina Marisol , Posso Mendoza Heidi , León Peña María Cecilia , Salcedo Doria Carlos Arturo , Delgado Nadjar Mary Elen , Noriega Suárez Carlos Andrés , Márquez Medina Angie Tatiana
Published: June 2024

Antecedentes; Las características de las líneas de agua de las unidades dentales (LAUD) permiten la creación de biopelícula que puede ser causa de infecciones cruzadas entre pacientes y el personal de salud. Se ha recomendado el uso de soluciones cloradas antimicrobianas adicionadas al depósito de agua con otros fines. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto antimicrobiano de las soluciones cloradas en depósitos y LAUD de consultorios Odontológicos en Barranquilla (Colombia). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, realizado a 13 unidades Odontológicas donde se observó a partir de una primera muestra la presencia de microorganismos y el efecto de la solución clorada sobre los microorganismos encontrados posterior a 14 días del uso de la solución.   Resultados:  En la primera muestra se observó crecimiento de mesófilos mayor a 200UFC en un 66.6%, coliformes totales mayor a 2 UFC en un 58 %, E. coli, en un 16 %, Pseudomonas en un 33 % y crecimiento de hongos en jeringa pulverizador en un 66.6 %.   En la segunda muestra se observó crecimiento de mesófilos en jeringa triple en un 25 %. En jeringa pulverizador el 8.3 % y en pieza de alta 8.3 % no se observó crecimiento de coliformes totales ni de. E. coli, se observó crecimiento de pseudomonas en un 16 % en jeringa triple y de Hongos en un 8.3 %. Conclusiones. La solución clorada tuvo efecto antimicrobiano en los depósitos de agua de las unidades odontológicas incluidas en este estudio. Los microorganismos aislados en el presente estudio revisten importancia clínica por estar asociados a infecciones cruzadas y diferentes tipos de infecciones en humanos.