bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KONSENTRAT DALAM PAKAN RUMPUT BENGGALA (Panicum maximum ) TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA KAMBING LOKAL
Authors: Momot Jems , Maaruf Kartini , Waani M R , Pontoh Ch J
Published: July 2019

A research was conducted to evaluate the effects of concentrate utilization in Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) ration on dry matter and organic matter digestibilities. Twelve male local goats were used in this experiment and located in individual pens. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replicates was used. The treatments were R1 = 100 % guinea grass, R2 = 75 % guinea grass + 25 % concentrate, , R3 = 50 % guinea grass + 50 % concentrate, and R2 = 25 % guinea grass + 75 % concentrate. The results showed that effects on dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were high significantly different among treatments (P < 0.01). Ration without concentrate was significantly lower compared to ration with concentrate;. It can be concluded that the best dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were on 75 % concentrate in the ration Key words : Guinea grass, concentrate, digestibility, dry matter, organic matter, and local goats
Penambahan Tepung Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb) dan Tepung Rimpang Temu Putih (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc) dalam Ransum Komersial Terhadap persentase Karkas, Lemak Abdomen, Dan Persentase Hati Pada Ayam Pedaging.
Authors: Golla Yustin , Montong M E.R , Laihad Jacqueline T , Rembet Godlief D.G
Published: July 2019

This research aims to determine the extent which the effectiveness of the addition of turmeric powder (Curcuma Roxb xhantorriza) and a ginger and white (Curcuma zedoria Rosc) in commercial rations on carcass percentage, amdominal fat, and the percentage ol liver in bloiler. The material used is old broiler 3 weeks as much as 53 tails. The design used was a completely randomized design with 6 treatments 3 replications. The treatmens were applied as follows: R0 = basic ration without ginger, and ginger and white, R1 = base + 2% ration ginger rhizome flour, R2 = base + 2% ration rhizome ginger and white flour. The result sho wed that the edition of flour and ginger rhizome of ginger and white flour in the ration was not significantly different (p > 0,05) on carcass percentage, abdominal fat, liver percentage. It can be concluded that the addition of ginger rhizome flour and white flour as much as 2% in the commercial ration still give the same response to the carcass percentage, abdominal, and the percentage of liver. Keywords : Broiler Chicken, Ginger Rhizome Flour, Ginger And White
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN PENGGEMUKAN SAPI POTONG KELOMPOK TANI “KEONG MAS” DESA TAMBULANGO KECAMATAN SANGKUB BOLAANG MONGONDOW UTARA (STUDI KASUS)
Authors: Makkan Richard J , Makalew Anie , Elly F H , LUMENTA L D.R
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPROFIT ANALYSIS ON BEEF CATTLE FATTENING OF KEONG MAS FARMER GROUP AT TAMBULANGO VILLAGE, SANGKUB DISTRICT, NORTH BOLAANG MONGONDOW REGENCY (CASE STUDY).Beef Cattle Fattening of “Keong Mas” farmer group was located at Tombolango village, District of Sangkub, North Bolaang Mongondow regency. The problem was that the farmer group did not know to evaluate the profits as well as the beneficial farm condition. The purpose of the study was to determine the profit and feasibility of beef farm managed by “Keong Mas” farmer group. The research method was carried out as case study. The statistical analysis was conducted by the analysis of the profit and feasibility. The results showed that fattening beef cattle farmer group of “Keong Mas” gained of Rp 7,433,750,- with maintaining beef animals of 15 heads. Production costs spent in animal farm were Rp 97,566,250,- consisting of a fixed cost of Rp 6,295,000.- and variable cost of Rp 91,271,250.-. The cost of the house pens was the largest expense of the total fixed cost whith the cost of about 42.8 percents. Calf breeding stock costs were the largestexpense of the total variable cost withabout 58 percents. Turnover obtained ofRp 105,000,000.- from sale process of 15head with the price of Rp 7,000,000.- perhead. Based on the feasibility analysis ofthe fattening beef cattle of “keong Mas”farmer groups showed that this animalfarm was feasible to be running withshowing NPV of Rp 38,795,714.- and IRRof 38 percents and 1.95 Net BCR.Keywords : Fattening, Beef Cattle, Profit,Feasibility, Farmer group, Tabulangovillage.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP KONSUMSI DAGING DAN TELUR DI KECAMATAN SULUUN TARERAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Weol Elvis F , Rorimpandey B , Lenzun G. D. , Endoh E. K.M
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTHOUSEHOLD INCOMICANALYSIS AND ITS EFFECT ONMEAT AND EGG CONSUMPTIONAT SULUUN TARERAN DISTRICTOF SOUTH MINAHASAREGENCY. District of Suluun Tareranis the area located in the regency ofSouth Minahasa. The majority of SuluunTareran district communities areworking household farmers and minorityof this community are working as civilservants, private employees andbussinesman. The communityconsumption of meat and eggs dependslargely on the income earned. Thetendency of increased consumption ofmeat and eggs depends also on theincreased income of the community inthis regency. The higher the income thehigher also the deman tendency toconsume meat and egg. The problem ofthis study is that are the consumptions ofmeat and eggs in the District SuluunTareran influenced by householdincome? The purpose of this study wasto evaluate the amount of meat and eggconsumptions of the household and todetermine the effect of householdincome on the consumption of meat andeggs at the district of Suluun Tareran.This research has been conducted in thedistrict of Suluun Tareran involving thetotal sample of 74 respondent ofhouseholds. Data collection of thisresearch was conducted during 2 monthsusing survey method. The data waereanalysed using simple regressionanalysis to determine the effect ofincome on consumption of meat andeggs. The results showed that theaverage household income was Rp2,558,050 per month. Meat and eggconsumption have not reached the newtarget of 7.7 kg and 4.1 kg per capita peryear, respectively; to fulfill theappropriate food and nutrition workrecommended by widyakarya in 2004.The analysis showed that the householdincome significantly affect theconsumption of meat and eggs in theDistrict of Suluun TareranKeywords: Meat-egg consumption,Household Income,Suluun Tareran district
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KONSENTRAT DALAM PAKAN RUMPUT BENGGALA ( Panicum Maximum ) TERHADAP KECERNAAN NDF DAN ADF PADA KAMBING LOKAL
Authors: Rahalus Rizal , Tulung B , Maaruf K , Wolayan F R
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTHE EFDFECT OF CONCENTRATE UTILIZATION IN GUINEA GRASS( Panicum maximum) FEED ON NDF AND ADF DIGESTIBILITYIN LOCAL GOATS. A research was conducted to evaluate the effects of concentrate utilization in Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) ration on NDF and ADF digestibility. Twelve male local goats were used in this experiment and located in individual pens. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replication was used. The treatments were R1 = 100 % guinea grass, R2 = 75 % guinea grass + 25 % concentrate, R3 = 50 % guinea grass + 50 % concentrate, and 25 % guinea grass + 75 % concentrate. The results showed that the effect on NDF digestibility was highly significantly different among treatments (P < 0.01), and significantly different (P <0.05) on ADF digestibility. The conclusion was concentrate could be utilized up to 75%, however, the utilization of 50% concentrate was the best for NDF digestibility and 25% concentrate for ADF digestibility.Key words: Guinea Grass, Concentrate, Digestibilities, NDF, ADF, and local goats.
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN PEDAGANG PENGECER DAGING SAPI DI PASAR TRADISIONAL KOTA MANADO
Authors: Butarbutar Nicolas , Rorimpandey B. , Legrans R. A.J , Lumenta I. D.R
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBENEFIT ANALYSIS OF RETAIL TRADERS AT BEEF TRADITIONAL MARKET IN MANADO. The experiment was conducted at beef traditional market in Manado, particularly at “Bersehati Jengki market region” and “Pinasungkulan Ranotana market region”. The problem in this study is how much the operating costs retailers spent in beef marketing activity and how much the benefit of beef marketing activity received by retailers when compared with the bank interest rate level. The purpose of the study was to find out the operating cost spent by retailers compared with the benefit in beef marketing activity in Manado traditional markets. Sources of data in this study were found from the primary and secondary data. The samples were taken using purposive sampling method. Data analysis model in this study were conducting by descriptive analysis approach and mathematical analysis aswell as the concept of profitability. The results of the study showed that the average operating costs used by retailers in beef marketing were Rp 60,000,258 per week or Rp 239,990,725 per month. The average amount of the benefits received by retailers in beef marketing were Rp14,822,681 per week or Rp 3,703,093 per month. Enterprises of beef retailers in Manado traditional markets were able to gain the benefit. This business is also able to achieve the better overall profitability value compared with the bank rate prevailing in Indonesia. The average value of profitability of beef retailers was 7.01% per month (84.16% per year) while the bank rate of Indonesia (SBBI) was 7.5%.Keywords: Profit, Retailers, Beef, Traditional Market, Manado
KAJIAN WARNA DAN CORAK BULU PADA BURUNG WERIS DI KOTA KOTAMOBAGU SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Sinyo Bayu A. , Lambey L. , Kairupan F. , Keintjem J.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT STUDY ON FEATHER PATTERN AND COLORS OF “WERIS” BIRDS IN CITY OF KOTAMOBAGU. Mandar bird (Gallirallus) which in local language known as Weris (Minahasa), and Boruit (Kotamobagu) is a bird in the family Rallidae, are a family of birds that have small to medium body size. General habitat of this bird species is swamp, near a river or lake. Weris birds generally breed in densely vegetated areas According Rusila (1994). Identify an issue in the study is the identification of colors and feather patterns, two species weris birds that exist in Kotamobagus (North Sulawesi). The purpose of this study was to obtain date on the diversity of colors and patterns that exist in weris birds of Kotamobagu,Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi. The expected benefits of this research is to provide information on the identification of plumage color and pattern weris birds, useful breeding process.Weris birds in Indonesia consists of several types, based on the results of research conducted in Kotamobagu Bolaang Mongondow North Sulawesi weris got 2 different types of birds that Gallirallus Philipensis and Gallirallus torquatus. Both types of weris birds have different key characters can be seen from theoutside or exterior appearance, that is the difference of colors and patterns. Key words : Weris Birds, Color, and Patterns
ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN PEMELIHARAAN TERNAK SAPI DI KECAMATAN SULUUN TARERAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN
Authors: Tumober Jimmy Ch. , Makalew A. , Salendu A. H.S. , Endoh E. K.M
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT PROFIT ANALYSIS OF BEEF FARMING AROUND SULUUN TARERAN DISTRICT IN SOUTH MINAHASA REGENCY. Generally, communities of Suluun Tareran district were household farmers. Beef cattle populations in this area were about 308 head spreading at eight villages. The problem was how much the production cost (feeding, labor, and other feed supplement) do affect the profit of beef farming around this area. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of production cost on income and profit of beef farming system in Suluun Tareran district of South Minahasa regency. Research was conducted using survey method. Data were found from two sources including primer and secondary data sources. Samples of respondence were determined by purposive sampling method. The total of 30 household farmers were used in this study. Results showed that grass feeding of the animals was not bought by farmers, except in dry season. Average production cost of beef cattle at research location were Rp. 6,756,215,67 per year of 3-4 animals consisted of feed cost (50,20%), labor cost (46,36%) and feed supplement (1,44%). Production cost affected significantly (tcalc. = 0.0003) profit level of beef cattle farming in Suluun Tareran district. Key word: Production cost, profit level, beef cattle farming, Suluun Tareran district.
HERITABILITAS KECEPATAN LARI DAN TINGGI BADAN ANAK KUDA PACU UMUR 2 TAHUN DENGAN METODE KORELASI DALAM KELAS (INTRACLAS CORELATION)
Authors: Makalalag Trisya T. , H. Manopo J. , Lapian H. F.N. , Paputungan U.
Published: July 2019

HERITABILITY OF SPEED AND BODY HEIGHT OF RACING HORSE AT TWO YEARS OLD USING INTRACLASS CORRELATION. This study was done to determine the heritability of speed and body height of running horse at two years old using intraclass correlation. Data used in the study were records of Indonesian racimg horse in the form of running speed of  several races with different mileage obtained from the collection of data records of race horse speed (from Steward race track in Tompaso FEKI Momuat). Note of speed run race results of the national championship race Pordasi for eleven years (1998 s / d 2012) were collected as data processed by several analytical methods to obtain the value of heritability for resistance properties. This study involved the design with intraclass correlation method used on each individual who has more than two data measurements/ weighing production. Based on the results of research and discussion, the Bunaken female offspring were faster than male offspring. The male offspring of Sabeil One Tama were faster than female offspring. The male and female offspring of Century, Champ, Decibel, and Manguni makasiouw females had the same speed. The heritability value of running speed and body height of race horse at two years old was moderate, ranging from 0.15 to 0.29 (running speed) and from 0.11 to 0.17 ( bodyheight). The height of six race horse had high positive correlation (0.815 to 0.987), indicating that the higher the height of the body, the faster running speed of horse. Keywords: Racing horses, running speed, body height, heritability.
EFEKTIVITAS CARA PEMASAKAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK MASAKAN DAGING BABI HUTAN
Authors: Rompis John E.G , Komansilan Sylvia
Published: July 2019

EFFECTIVITY OF COOKING METHOD ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF COOKERY WILD PIG MEAT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristic of cookery wild pig meat with different cooking methods. Research was done using completely randomized design with three treatments of coocing method (bamboo cooker apparatus, stainless cooker apparatus and soil cooker apparatus) and five replications in each treatment. All treatments were added with spicy ingredients of cabai, daun bawang, kamangi, sereh, jahe, and daun jeruk. Physical characteristics were including pH, water content and water holding capacity, analized at animal product technological laboratory. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance model with Duncan statistical test for significant F test. Result study showed that different cooker apparatus affected significantly physical characteristics of cookery wild pig meat in term of pH, water content and water holding capacity. It can be concluded that cooking method using bamboo cooker apparatus yield thye best physical characteristics of cookery wild pig meat. Kata Kunci: Cooker apparatus, physical characteristic, cookery wild pig meat.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RANSUM KOMBINASI SUPLEMEN HERBAL DENGAN MINERAL ZINK TERHADAP JUMLAH LEUKOSIT, ERITROSIT, DAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN BROILER YANG DIINFEKSI ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Regar M. R. , Mutia R. , Widhyari S. D. , Kowel Y. H.S.
Published: July 2019

EFFECT OF COMBINATION BETWEEN HERBAL SUPPLEMENT AND ZINC MINERALS IN RATION ON TOTAL OF LEUCOCYT, ERYTHROCYTE, AND HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL IN BROILERS INFECTED BY ESCHERICHIA COLI. This experiment was conducted to study the combination of herbal material and zink in poultry diet on  the leucocyte, erythrocyte and hemoglobin of broilers infected by the amount of Escherichia coli. Two hundred of unsexed d.o.c broilers were devided into five treatments and four replications in each treatment, with five chicks in each replicate. The treatments were basal diet as a negative control/ healhty chickens (R1), basal diet as a positive control, chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R2), basal diet + 1.5% turmeric powder + ZnO 180 ppm, chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R3) , basal diet + 2.5% garlic powder + ZnO 180 ppm,chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R4), and basal diet + antibiotic, chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R5). Data were collected during 35 days. Diet and water were offered ad libitum. The results of this research indicated that chicken fed basal diet + 1.5% turmeric powder + ZnO 180 ppm, chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R3) and chickens fed basal diet + 2.5% garlic powder +ZnO 180 ppm chick was infected by Escherichia coli (R4) showed the best leucocyte, erythrocyte and hemoglobin amount compared with control. Key words: Herbal supplement, zinc mineral, broiler performance.
LAMA PENYIMPANAN PADA SUHU DINGIN DAGING BROILER YANG DIBERI AIR PERASAN JERUK KASTURI (Citrus madurensis Lour.)
Authors: Wowor Alwin K.Y , Ransaleleh T. A. , Tamasoleng M. , Komansilan S.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT STORAGE TIME OF BROILER MEAT THAT WERE GIVEN KASTURI LIME JUICE (Citrus madurensis Lour.)The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of storage time in a temperature range of -2°C to 4°C towards the pH value, moisture content, water holding capacity, and cooking loss of broiler meat that were given Kasturi lime (Citrus madurensis Lour.) juice. This research used the completely randomized design with 5 treatments which were  (P1) = without storage; (P2) = 3 days of storage; (P3) = 6 days of storage, (P4) = 9 days of storage; (P5) = 12 days of storage and 4 repetitions. The variables observed were pH value, moisture content, water holding capacity, and cooking loss. The results showed that the storage time of broiler meat that were given Kasturi lime juice did not effect moisture content, water holding capacity, and cooking loss however it effect the pH value of the broiler meat. We concluded that storage of broiler meat in a temperature range of -2°C to 4°C retained the pH value, moisture content, water holding capacity, and cooking loss until 12 days.   Keywords       : Broiler meat, storage time, kasturi lime
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN DEDAK PADI DAN TEPUNG JAGUNG TERHADAP KUALITAS FISIK SILASE RUMPUT GAJAH (Pennisetum purpureumcv.Hawaii)
Authors: Kojo Raldi M. , Rustandi D. , Tulung Y. R.L. , Malalantang S. S.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF RICE BRAN AND CORN FLOUR ON THE PHYSICAL QUALITY OF ENSILAGE ELEPHANT GRASS (Pennisetum purpureumcv.Hawaii). The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the addition of rice bran and corn flour on the physical quality of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Hawaii)silage.The present study used elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Hawaii)in the ensilage process. Rice bran and corn flour were then added to the elephant grass in the ensilage processing. The present study used Completely Randomized Design with 7 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = elephant grass 100%; R1 = elephant grass + 8% rice bran; R2 = elephant grass + 12% rice bran; R3 = elephant grass + 8% corn flour; R4 = elephant grass + 12% corn flour; R5 = elephant grass + 4% rice bran + 4% corn flour; R6 = elephantgrass + 6% rice bran + 6% corn flour. The variables measured were physical quality of elephant grass silage, including:  texture, color, and aroma. The research results showed that the addition of rice bran and corn flour did not significantly affect (P>0,01) ensilage color and aroma, but significantly affect (P<0,01) the texture of the ensilage. It can be concluded that the addition of  8% rice bran gave the best result on theensilage textureof elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Hawaii). Keywords : Elephant Grass, Ensilage, Rice Bran, Corn Flour, Physical Quality
ANALISIS BREAK EVEN POINT USAHA TERNAK ITIK PEDAGING (Studi Kasus Pada Usaha Itik Milik Kelompok Masawang di Desa Talikuran Kecamatan Remboken)
Authors: Lembong Joicke F , Santa N. M , Makalew A. , Elly F. H
Published: July 2019

BREAK EVEN POINT ANALYSIS OF DUCKS FARMING (A Case Study on  Group Masawang Talikuran Village District of Remboken ). Ducks PMP is a new type of duck Masawang group members . Duck is caged with  organic feed . The problem is whether d duck business is profitable or not  . The purpose of research was to analyze the cost of production , sale and Break Even Point ( BEP ) of the farming that was performed by the group. . The method used is a survey method with a case study approach . Source of data captured includes primary data and secondary data . Data collection was conducted from October to December 2013. The analysis used is the analysis of Break Even Point ( BEP ) . This study was conducted over a period of production with 100 head of cattle raising ducks PMP ( Peking Mojosari White ) . Cost of production per period incurred consist of fixed costs Rp . 350.625 , - and the variable cost of Rp . 6,667,730 , - . Prices ducks 70.000.00 , - / tail , revenues of Rp . 7.000.000 , - per period . Based on the research effort duck PMP " Masawang group " reach break even on revenue of Rp . 3,594,073 , - duck production volumes were 51 birds per period with an average body weight of 2.5 kg / head .  Keywords : Ducks , BEP , Group
PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG LIMBAH PENGALENGAN IKAN DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMA BROILER
Authors: Baye Arnold , Sompie F. N. , Bagau Betty , Regar Mursye N.
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT UTILIZATION OF FISH MEAL CANNED WASTE PRODUCT ON BROILER PERFORMANCE. A research was conducted to evaluate the effects of fish meal utilization in the ration. The fish meal used canned fish waste product obtained from fish processingin Bitung North Sulawesi. This research used 60 broilers day old chick. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) cousisting of 4 treatments with 5 replications was used in this research. The treatments were 4 levels of fish meal in ration: R1=8%, R2=10%, R3=12%, and R4=14%. Biological variables measured to evaluate biological responses were feed consumption, body gain, and feed convertion. The result showed that there where no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption (2647.40g – 2758.94g) and feed convertion (2.68 – 3.02), however there was a significant effect (P<0.05) of treatment on body gain (879.80g – 1032.20g). Honestly Significant Difference test showed that 14% fish meal in ration (1032.20 g) was significantly higher compare to 8% fish meal (879.80g), however 8%, 10%, and 12% fish meal in the ration were not significantly. It can be concluded that fish meal of canned fish waste product can be used up to 14% in the ration.   Keywords : fish meal, fish canned waste, broiler performance
DAYA MENGIKAT AIR DAN SUSUT MASAK DAGING SAPI BLANSIR YANG DIKERINGKAN DALAM OVEN DAN DIKEMAS VAKUM
Authors: Rompis John E. G.
Published: July 2019

WATER HOLDING CAPACITY AND COOKING LOSS OF DRIED AND VACUUM PACKAGE BEEF MEAT. Fresh meat is categorized into perishable physical and chemical material product due to high nutrient composition as the main media of growing microorganism. This meat damage could be handled by drying and vacuum package method. The objective of this study was to evaluate effect of drying time period and storage time period on water holding capacity and cooking loss of vacuum package beef meat. Treatment was conducted using completely randomized design divided into two factors with three replications in each combination of the factors. Factor A, as main plot of drying time period was divided into 12 hours (A1), 16 hours (A2) and 20 hours (A3). Factor B as sub plot of storage time period in room temperature of 270 C was divided into 00 C (B0), 120 C (B1), 240 C (B2), and 360 C (B3). Results showed that treatments affected significantly quality of beef meat. There was no interaction effect on water holding capacity and cooking loss of vacuum package beef meat. Beef meat being dried during 16 hours with temperature of 60 0C using vacuum package and stored at room temperature of 270 C during 36 days produced normal standard of water holding capacity and cooking loss of meat.   Key words: water-holding capacity, cooking loss, vacuum package.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN DAN NAUNGAN TERHADAP KERAGAAN DAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN KASAR RUMPUT Brachiaria humidicola
Authors: Togelang Juneidid S. , Kaligis D. A. , Dompas F. , Bawoleh N.
Published: July 2019

THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND SHADING LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE AND CRUDE PROTEIN CONTENT OF Brachiaria humidicola. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different levels of shading and nitrogen on the performance and nitrogen content of B. Humidicola. The treatment were consisted of four levels of nitrogen in from of urea fertilizer: P1 = 0 kg/Ha, P2 = 50 kg/Ha, P3 = 100 kg/Ha, P4 = 150 kg/Ha, and three levels of shading: N1 = 0%, N2 = 40% dan N3 = 70%. Treatmens   was arranged in infactorial based on ramdomized block design (RBD). Date was analysis by using Minitab Version 11, and followed with Turkey Simultaneous Test, to determined the different among treatments, from analysis of variance. The result showed the higher number of tiller was found at the interaction of P3N1, P4N1, P2N2 and P3N2, with significantly different compared to the other interactions. Furthermore, analysis of varians showed the interaction of the treatments were effected significantly on the content of crude protein (P < 0,05) where the interaction of N1P4 has the crude protein content 9,74% significantly higher (P < 0,05) compared to other interactions. On the other hand the interaction of the treatments was not effected significantly (P < 0,05) on the leaf: steam ratio. Based on the result of this experiment it can be concluded that B. humidicola responsive to nitrogen farilizer up to 100 kg urea/Ha to provide optimal performance and crude protein content under shade of 40%. Keywords: Nitrogen, Shading Performance, Crude Protein, humidicola.
Distribusi Spasial Anemon dan Ikan Anemon di Perairan Kelurahan Malalayang Dua, Manado
Authors: Pengan Aldi , Rondonuwu Ari Berty , Kambey Alex Denny
Published: July 2019

DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL ANEMON DAN IKAN ANEMON DI PERAIRAN KELURAHAN MALALAYANG 2 MANADO1   Aldi Pengan, Ari B Rondonuwu, Alex D Kambey   ABSTRACT   This study was conducted in front of coastal villages Malalayang 2. Performed data acquisition at the date of September 16 and October 6, 2011. Located at 1o27'42.2" N and 124o47'30.9" E. The results obtained identified seven types of anemones from 35 individuals and six types of anemones from 130 individual fish at depths of 0-15 meters. At a depth of cluster anemones, the depth of the A (0-5 meter) 6 of the 13 individuals, the depth of B (5-10 meters) 4 of the 9 individuals, and the depth of C (10-15 meters) 5 of the 13 individuals. While in the cluster anemones fish depth, the depth of the A (0-5 meters) 4 of the 50 individuals, the depth of B (5-10 meters) 4 of the 32 individuals, and the depth of C (10-15 meter) 6 of the 48 individual. In each type of anemones fish most of anemones occupies more than one type.   Keywords : anemones, anemones fish, depth   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan di depan perairan pantai Kelurahan Malalayang 2. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada tanggal 16 september dan 6 oktober 2011. Terletak pada 1o27‘42.2“ LU dan 124o47’30.9” BT. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 7 jenis anemon yang teridentifikasi dari 35 individu dan 6 jenis ikan anemon dari 130 individu pada kedalaman 0-15 meter. Pada kelompok kedalaman anemon, kelompok kedalaman A (0-5 meter) 6 jenis dari 13 individu, kedalaman B (5-10 meter) 4 jenis dari 9 individu, dan kedalaman C (10-15 meter) 5 jenis dari 13 individu. Sedangkan pada kelompok kedalaman Ikan anemon, kelompok kedalaman A (0-5 meter) 4 jenis dari 50 individu, kedalaman B (5-10 meter) 4 jenis dari 32 individu, dan kedalaman C (10-15 meter) 6 jenis dari 48 individu. Pada setiap jenis ikan anemon sebagian besar menempati anemon lebih dari satu jenis.   Kata kunci : anemon, ikan anemon, kedalaman
Simbiosis Zooxanthellae dan Karang Sebagai Indikator Kualitas Ekosistem Terumbu Karang
Authors: Rembet Unstain N W J
Published: July 2019

TINJAUAN TEORITIS SIMBIOSIS ZOOXANTHELLAE DAN KARANG SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KUALITAS EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG   Unstain NWJ Rembet1   ABSTRACT   A symbiotic process between zooxanthellae and corals can support the adaptative factors in terms of natural vulnerability criteria. The proposed consideration are 1) the symbiosis between zooxanthellae and corals provides phenomenal contributions to coral evolutionary process and 2) the criteria used by Gomez and Yap have been merely based on live coral cover that is still becoming key tools for the evaluation of coral reef health status measure. These criteria have been weaker and weaker due to neglecting the feature of intra- and interspesific relationship in coral biota itself. Therefore, the use of zooxanthellae and coral symbiotic relationship is thought of being able to complete the coral reef quality evaluation since its information could address this relationship feature beside on the basis of response to environmental pressures.     Keywords : symbiotic, zooxanthellae, coral.   ABSTRAK Proses simbiosis antara zooxanthellae dengan karang dapat memberikan suatu support terhadap faktor penyesuai dalam hal ini dari segi kriteria kerentanan alami. Pertimbangan yang diajukan adalah (1) simbiosis antara karang dengan zooxanthellae memberikan konstribusi fenomenal dalam proses evolusi karang dan (2) kriteria yang dipergunakan saat ini dari analisis Gomez dan Yap hanya didasarkan atas tutupan karang hidup yang sampai sekarang menjadi acuan bagi evaluasi tingkat status kesehatan terumbu. Kriteria tersebut dipandang mengalami kelemahan karena mengabaikan sifat hubungan intra dan ekstraspesifik dari biota karang itu sendiri. Atas dasar hal tersebut, maka penggunaan hubungan simbiosis zoxanthellae dan karang dipandang dapat melengkapi evaluasi kualitas terumbu karang karena informasinya dapat menjelaskan sifat hubungan intra dan ekstra spesifik, disamping atas dasar respon terhadap tekanan lingkungan.     Kata kunci : simbiosis, zooxanthellae, karang.       1 Laboratorium Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Terpadu, FPIK UNSRAT
Pemasaran Ikan Tuna (Thunnus albacores) Studi Kasus di Pasar Bersehati, Kelurahan Calaca, Kota Manado
Authors: Pamikiran Aprilia , Pontoh Otniel , Aling Djuwita R. R.
Published: July 2019

Pemasaran Ikan Tuna (Thunnus albacores) Studi Kasus di Pasar Bersehati, Kelurahan Calaca, Kota Manado1 Tuna (Thunnus albacores) Marketing Case Study at Bersehati Market, Calaca, Manado City Aprilia Pamikiran2, Otniel Pontoh3, Djuwita RR Aling3   ABSTRACT The objctives of this research were to study on tuna (Thunnus albacores) marketing which included the marketing agencies and marketing channels and to study on how to minimized the risk due to a nonperishable characteristic of the product (tuna). The research was carry out during 3 months (October to December 2012) at Bersehati market, Manado City of North Sulawesi Province. This research was a descriptive with a study case. A purposive sampling methode was used to collect data from one person of fish traders who have been sell tuna in ten years. Production of tuna sold in the market of Bersehati has increased from year to year. Tuna catches not only from the city of Manado, but come from other regions, namely, Sangihe, Talaud, Bolaang Mongondow, Gorontalo, Buton and Ternate. However, the important role of marketing agencies are wholesalers. Tuna prices vary according to the Grade A, B, C, D from the lowest to the highest Rp.27.500/Kg to Rp.42.500/Kg with price is always determined by fish wholesalers.   Keywords : marketing, production, tuna, Bersehati market   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pemasaran ikan tuna (Thunnus albacores) yang meliputi lembaga pemasaran, saluran pemasaran dan mempelajari bagaimana memperkecil resiko karena sifat produk hasil perikanan terutama ikan tuna (T. albacores) ini yang mudah busuk. Waktu penelitian ini adalah selama 3 bulan (Oktober - Desember 2012) berlokasi di Pasar Bersehati, Kota Manado, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian dilakukan bersifat deskriptif dengan dasar penelitian studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara non random sampling (tidak secara acak), dengan metode purposive sampling (sampling bertujuan atau sampling sengaja) yaitu  diambil 1 orang pedagang ikan yang dalam 10 (sepuluh) tahun belakangan ini selalu berjualan ikan tuna (T. albacores). Produksi ikan tuna yang dipasarkan di pasar bersehati dari tahun ke tahun mengalami peningkatan. Hasil tangkapan ikan tuna bukan hanya dari wilayah Kota Manado, tapi berasal dari wilayah lain yaitu, Sangihe, Talaud, Bolaang Mongondow, Gorontalo, Buton dan Ternate. Lembaga pemasaran yang sangat berperan adalah pedagang besar. Harga ikan tuna bervariasi sesuai dengan Grade A,B,C,D dari yang terendah Rp.27.500/Kg sampai yang tertinggi Rp.42.500/Kg. Harga ikan ditentukan oleh pedagang besar.   Kata kunci : pemasaran, produksi, tuna, Pasar Bersehati     1 Bagian dari skripsi 2 Mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan FPIK-UNSRAT 3 Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Community Structure of Pomacentridae fish in Coastal Waters on Malalayang Dua Village of Manado Gulf
Authors: Rungkat Valdino M E , Tamanampo Jan FWS , Tombokan Jhon L
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the species composition and commu-nity structure of Pomacentridae (relative density, diversity, dominance and even-ness of species). This research was conducted in waters of the Manado Bay, at Kelurahan Malalayang Dua shore, on August 14th, 2012. The studies was conduc-ted on 2 sites, one has 3 meters depth (01o27'40.5" NL 124o47'32.5" EL) and ano-ther at 10 meters depth (01o27'43.6" NL 124o47'27.8" EL). The results and analysis of data, the total number of species found at a depth of 2 points is 15 species, in which was found at a depth of 3 meters at a depth of 10 species and 15 species discovered 10 meters. The species most commonly found is Pomacentrus brachial and Dascyllus reticulatus. The highest relative density values at a depth of 3 meters is Dascyllus reticulatus (22%) and at depth10 meters is Pomacentrus brachialis (18%). Diversity index at 3 meters depth is 1.941 while at 10 meters is 2.326. The result showed that diversity of Pomacentridae is low at 3 meters depth and average at 10 meters depth which means moderate community hability. At both depths, there was no species dominance and the avenness was stable.   Keywords : Community Structure, Pomacentridae, Manado Gulf   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui komposisi spesies dan struktur komunitas ikan Pomacentridae (kepadatan relatif, keanekaragaman, dominasi dan kemerataan spesies). Lokasi penelitian di Teluk Manado, tepatnya di perairan depan Kelurahan Malalayang Dua. Penelitian dilakukan pada 2 titik kedalaman yaitu kedalaman 3 meter (01o27’40.5” LU 124 o47’32.5” BT) dan kedalaman 10 meter pada koordinat (01o27’43.6” LU 124 o47’27.8” BT). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sensus visual, dengan penentuan jalur mengunakan penanda me-teran sepanjang 50 meter yang diletakkan di daerah terumbu karang yang sejajar garis pantai. Hasil penelitian dan analisis data, jumlah total spesies yang ditemu-kan pada 2 titik kedalaman adalah 15 spesies, di mana pada kedalaman 3 meter ditemukan 10 spesies dan pada kedalaman 10 meter ditemukan 15 spesies. Spe-sies yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Pomacentrus brachialis dan Dascyllus reticulatus. Nilai kepadatan relatif tertinggi pada kedalaman 3 meter ada-lah spe-sies Dascyllus reticulatus 22% dan pada kedalaman 10 meter adalah Pomacentrus brachialis 18%. Indeks keanekaragaman pada kedalaman 3 meter adalah 1,941 sedangkan pada kedalaman 10  meter  dengan  nilai 2,326. Hal  ini  menunjukkanbahwa keanekaragaman ikan Pomacentridae pada kedalaman 3 meter adalah rendah dan pada kedalaman 10 meter keanekaragamannya adalah sedang dengan kestabilan komunitas sedang. Pada ke dua kedalaman ini tidak ada spesies dominasi dan kemerataannya adalah stabil. Kata kunci : struktur komunitas, Pomacentridae, Teluk Manado 1Bagian dari skripsi 2Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan FPIK-UNSRAT
Distribution Temperature, Salinity And Dissolved Oxygen In Waters Kema, North Sulawesi
Authors: Patty Simon I
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Distribution Temperature, Salinity and Dissolved Oxygen in Kema Waters, North Sulawesi. Distribution of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in the water is very influential on the various aspects of the other parameters, such as chemical reactions and biological processes. Research on the conditions of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in the Kema waters, North Sulawesi in April and May 2010. The results showed that temperature ranges from 28.2 to 32.5°C with an average of (30.1 ± 1.11°C), salinity between 28.0 to 33.0o/oo with an average of (31.7 ± 1.36o/oo) and dissolved oxygen between 3.46 to 6.25 ppm with an average of (4.73 ± 0.76 ppm). Distribution of values ​​of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen levels vary. Variations in temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in these waters was affercted by external factors including weather, wind and currents. Conditions of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen in this waters were still relatively normal and preferable for marine life. Keywords : temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, Kema, North Sulawesi   ABSTRAK Distribusi suhu, salinitas dan oksigen terlarut di suatu perairan sangat berpengaruh pada berbagai aspek parameter lain, seperti reaksi kimia dan proses biologi. Penelitian mengenai kondisi suhu, salinitas dan oksigen terlarut di perairan Kema, Sulawesi Utara dilakukan pada bulan April dan Mei 2010. Hasilnya menunjukkan suhu berkisar antara 28,2 - 32,5oC dengan  rata-rata (30,1±1,11oC), salinitas antara 28,0-33,0o/oo dengan rata-rata (31,7±1,36o/oo) dan oksigen terlarut antara 3,46-6,25 ppm dengan rata-rata (4,73±0,76 ppm). Sebaran nilai suhu, salinitas dan kadar oksigen terlarut cukup bervariasi. Bervariasinya suhu, salinitas dan oksigen terlarut di perairan ini dipengruhi oleh fakktor eksternal antara lain cuaca, angin dan arus. Kondisi suhu, salinitas dan oksigen terlaut perairan ini masih tergolong normal dan baik untuk kehidupan biota laut. Kata kunci : suhu, salinitas, oksigen terlarut, Kema, Sulawesi Utara
Diversity of Mushroom Coral (Fungidae) in Siladen Waters, North Minahasa
Authors: Hermanto Bambang
Published: July 2019

Mushroom coral are well known in the waters of southeast asia because in this region has encountered in high abundance in shallow water and reef slope. Research on the diversity of mushroom coral (Fungiidae) conducted in July in the sea of Siladen island with four observation stations, they are Siladen I, Siladen II, Siladen III and Siladen IV. The research aims to determine mushroom coral species and diversity in the sea of Siladen Island, North Minahasa. This research use belt transect method and be extends parallel of the shoreline with 50x3m length of transects. The results showed that 13 species from seven genera were recorded. They are Fungia, Heliofungia, Ctenactis, Herpolitha, Polyphyllia, Sandalolitha and Podabacia. The number of coral species are found in the sea of Siladen island reached 32% of all coral species in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Diversity Index of mushroom coral in the Siladen waters ranged from 0.837–0.97. Mushroom coral density each station ranged from 0,11-0,22 ind/m2.Keywords : Diversity, mushroom coral, Siladen Island, North Minahasa
Level of Phosphate, Nitrate and Dissolved Oxygen in Talise Island Waters, North Sulawesi
Authors: Patty Simon I
Published: July 2019

Phosphate and nitrate are a source of food for micro-organisms, while dissolved oxygen is required in the process of respiration in variety of aquatic organisms. Observations of phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen levels have been conducted in the waters of Talise Island, North Sulawesi. Phosphate and nitrate concentration measurements carried out using spectrophotometric method, while dissolved oxygen was determined by electrochemical methods. Overall observations of phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen levels in Talise Island waters, ranging between 0.005 to 0.056 mg/l, 0.012 to 0.034 mg/l and 5.05 to 6.01 ppm, respectively. Levels of phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen in Talise Island Waters were still considered normal and suitable for marine life.Keywords : Phosphate, nitrate, dissolved oxygen,Talise Island, North Sulawesi
Community Structure of Seagrass Meadows In Mantehage Island Waters, North Sulawesi
Authors: Patty Simon I , Rifai Husen
Published: July 2019

Research on the structure of seagrass communities in the waters of the island Mantehage was conducted in September 2010. The purpose of this study is to collect data and information on the structure of seagrass communities. Observations includes the identification seagrass species, measuring the number of individual/stand, cover percentage of each type/species on the transect. 6 types of seagrass found, i.e. Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, Thalassia hemprichii, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Cymodocea rotundata and Syringodium isoetifolium. Seagrass species composition and distribution varies at each location and is dominated by the presence of Thalassia hemprichii (48.14%) with coverage percentage ranges between 15.91% to 35.11%. Diversity index values ranged from 0.79 to 1.69 ; evenness index between 0.57 to 0.94 and the index of dominance between 0.20 to 0.56. In conclusion, the condition of seagrass meadows in Mantehage island is relatively good and can support marine life adequately.Keywords : Structure communities, seagrass, Mantehage Island
The Growth of Hard Coral (Acropora sp.) Transplants in Coral Reef of Malalayang Waters, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Kambey Alex D.
Published: July 2019

Main coral reef building components, Scleractinian corals, has the highest distribution in Indonesia, at least 590 species known of 793 species in the world. Studies on damaged coral community transplantation have been done to observe their growth and adaptation ability. A four-month observation found that average length increment at 9 M deep was linearly 0.375 cm, 0.632 cm, and 0.732 cm at the first, second, and third month, respectively, at 6 M deep, it was 0.455 cm, 0.689 cm, and 1.012 cm, at the first, second and third month, respectively, and at  3 M deep, it was 0.55 cm, 1.05 cm and 1.1, at the first, second, and thrid month, respectively. Mean relative length increment at 9 M deep occurred every month as much as 4.25%, 8.23%, and 9.86% at the first, second, and third month, respectively. Similarly, it occurred in 6 M deep, 4.12%, 9.14%, and 11.28% at the first, second, and third month, respectively. However, at 3 M deep, it occurred only at the first and second month, 7.33% and 12.73%, while it declined at the third month, 11.7%. Keywords : Ecosystems, Coral Reef, Scleractinia, Malalayang, Manado
Analysis of Heavy Metal Polution In River Mouths And Estuaries Tondano And Sario IN Manado City North Sulawesi
Authors: Tilaar Sandra
Published: July 2019

This study aims to determine the concentration of heavy metal Hg and Pb in estuary waters Tondano and Sario River in the Bay of Manado, and compare the state of the estuary waters Tondano with Sario estuary waters. Information obtained from this study is expected to be useful for the management of the marine environment, particularly coastal waters, so the environmental monitoring and utilization of coastal areas can be better implemented. The study was conducted for 4 months from September to December 2013. Analasis heavy metal analysis was performed according to the instructions better for Hg, Zn and Pb. The content of Hg and Zn in the water column in the estuary waters Tondano and Sario still within tolerable levels. The content of Pb in the water column in the estuary waters and estuary Tondano and Sario has passed the specified levels and has passed the tolerable levels. Human activity continues to grow around the Gulf waters of Manado so may result in appropriate changes that can lead to contamination, because it is necessary to monitor water quality regularly and continuously.   Keywords: pollution, heavy metals, water quality   A b s t r a k Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi logam berat Hg dan Pb pada Perairan Muara Sungai Tondano dan Sungai Sario di Teluk Manado, serta membandingkan keadaan Perairan Muara Sungai Tondano dengan Perairan Muara Sungai Sario. Informasi yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi pengelolaan lingkungan perairan, khususnya perairan pantai, sehingga pemantauan lingkungan dan pemanfaatan wilayah pesisir pantai dapat dilaksanakan lebih baik. Penelitian dilakukan selama 4 bulan sejak bulan September sampai dengan bulan Desember 2013. Analasis logam berat dilakukan menurut petunjuk analisis baik untuk Hg, Zn dan Pb. Kandungan Hg dan Zn pada kolom air pada perairan Muara Sungai Tondano dan Muara Sungai Sario masih dalam kadar yang ditoleransi. Kandungan Pb pada kolom air di perairan Muara Sungai Tondano dan Muara Sungai Sario telah melewati kadar yang ditetapkan dan telah melewati kadar yang ditoleransi. Adanya aktivitas manusia yang terus berkembang di sekitar Perairan Teluk Manado sehingga dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan-perubahan secara tepat yang dapat mengakibatkan pencemaran, karena itu perlu diadakan pemantauan kualitas air secara berkala dan berkesinambungan.   Kata kunci : pencemaran, logam berat, kualitas air
MORFOMETRIK KIJING TAIWAN (Anodonta woodiana) DI BEBERAPA LOKASI DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA DAN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Tampa Ahazia I. , Lumenta Cyska , Kalesaran Ockstan J.
Published: July 2019

This study was conducted to determine morphometric kijing taiwan at several locations in Minahasa District and North Minahasa regency and its association with the abundance of plankton and water quality. Sampling gravestone taiwan and water quality obtained from the four (4 ) locations: Rap Rap Village, BBAT Tatelu North Minahasa Regency, Paleloan and Tataaran II Village, Minahasa regency. Morphometric measurements kijingg taiwan include dimensional measurements and weighing of the shell. Measurement of shell dimensions include length , width , and thickness. Include the weighing of the weighing of the total, shell weight and wet weight of meat. Water quality measurements carried out directly at the sites include measurement of temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and water base texture, while the identification of plankton carried in Pathology and Clinical Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Sam Ratulangi. Morphometric measurements will be taken in any of 50 individual kijing taiwan each location. The results of morphometric measurements in multiple locations showed uniform size Tataaran II contained in the Village, the Village and Village Paleloan Rap Rap while in BBAT Tatelu uniformity of size only in size from 7-18 to 9-74 cm was caused by Taiwan in the pool because kijing BBAT Tatelu regarded as pest extermination so regularly done. Relationships shell length and total weight kijing taiwan to change at any time is influenced by several factors such as the condition of gonadal maturation , water quality and availability of food in the waters.