bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Museum of Light: The New Acropolis Museum and the Campaign to Repatriate the Elgin Marbles
Authors: Beresford James M.
Published: January 2016

It is almost half-a-dozen years since the New Acropolis Museum in Athens was inaugurated in June 2009, following a gestation period of over three decades. Before, during and after the construction of the building, the importance of natural light was frequently emphasised by the Museum’s Swiss-French architect, Bernard Tschumi, as well as many Greek government officials, archaeologists, and other heritage professionals. The manner in which the same bright sunlight illuminates both the Parthenon and the temple’s decorative sculptures which are now on display in the Museum, is also routinely referenced by campaigners advocating a return of those sculptures that were removed from the Athenian Acropolis on the orders of Lord Elgin between 1801–03 and subsequently shipped to London. Following the purchase of the collection by the British government in 1816, the Marbles of the Elgin Collection were presented to the British Museum, where they are presently on display in Room 18, the Duveen Gallery. However, for more than two centuries it has been maintained that the sculptures can only be truly appreciated when viewed in the natural light of Athens. Even before the completion of the New Acropolis Museum there were bitter attacks on the manner in which the Marbles are displayed in the British Museum, and the quality of the illumination afforded to the sculptures in the Duveen Gallery. The aesthetics of the Attic light has therefore taken its place as one of the principal weapons in the armoury of Greek officials and international campaigners seeking the return of the Marbles removed by Lord Elgin. Nonetheless, this paper will argue against the accepted orthodoxy that the New Acropolis Museum replicates the original light conditions many of the sculptures from the temple experienced when on the Parthenon. Indeed, this article will dispute the goal of many architects, politicians, and heritage professionals of the need ensure that, when on public display, all of the Parthenon sculptures are bathed in bright natural light. The ability to display the Marbles in the sun-drenched gallery of the New Acropolis Museum forges a powerful link binding the environment of Classical Athens with the present-day capital of Greece, offering politicians and activists seeking the repatriation of the Elgin Marbles a potent weapon wielded to great effect. However, the politically motivated design parameters laid on the museum, requiring the building admit vast amounts of natural Attic light, has destroyed the architectural context the Marbles were displayed in when originally affixed to the temple in the fifth century BC.
Affordable Housing: An Economic Perspective
Authors: McDonald John F.
Published: January 2016

The economist’s approach to social problems has two interrelated parts, consistent measurement and use of a cost-benefit test to assess alternative policies. This essay examines both parts of the economist’s method, primarily in the context of the United States but with attention paid to the United Kingdom also. It will seek to demonstrate that the problem of affordable housing can be measured and is large, even in the U.S. Furthermore, it will suggest that the problem primarily is one of poverty. , the alleviation of which, is a very long-run project. In this context, it will suggest that programs to improve the housing conditions of the poor in the meantime are justified.

Written by an economist, it will outline that economists favor a voucher program that subsidizes rents for poor households who rent in the private housing market and that they generally advocate preventing restrictions on housing supply and institutional change in nations that do not have well defined property rights. It will suggest that if poor households have purchasing power that is to be spent on housing and if a standard for acceptable housing is set, then the private market can respond. However, it will also argue that if the supply response from the private market is judged to be insufficient, then an increase in the value of the housing vouchers can be considered.
Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton's Duel: A Brief Note on Underutilized Sources
Authors: Lurie Maxine N.
Published: January 2016

In 2015, fueled by a wildly successful Broadway musical produced 211 years after his death, Alexander Hamilton is having a revival. This provides an appropriate moment to look back at the duel between Hamilton (former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury) and Aaron Burr (vice-president of the United States), and to share several documents from that extraordinary event.
Liberty and Diversity: An Example of the Garden State Variety: Lipp v. Morris, 579 F.2d 834 (1978)
Authors: Lurie Jonathan
Published: January 2016

One of the hallowed, if not hackneyed, words in the human lexicon is "liberty." To many, the term implies a positive concept-- the freedom to do something, not as a privilege but as a right. But there are multiple dimensions to the concept of liberty.  It can also imply a negative freedom, a right NOT to do something; or to decline to undertake a certain course of action or conduct.  It has been a part of our history since the establishment of New Jersey. From the rich and varied history of this Garden State, thereby lies an unusual tale of liberty and diversity. The focus of this talks concerns the Pledge of Allegiance, or POA.In its original form, this paper was presented at the New Jersey Forum at Kean University on November 21, 2014.
McFeely Muscle: The Campaign to Ruin George Harper
Authors: Metz Holly
Published: January 2016

The twenty-two-year reign of Hoboken political boss Bernard N. McFeely (including seventeen as mayor) has long been under-reported in the national press and almost completely overlooked by historians. Bernard McFeely's extensive FBI file, recently released under the Freedom of Information Act, provides an opportunity to remedy this lapse, and to consider his rule (1925-1947) alongside other post-World War I urban political machines. Unlike his over-boss, Jersey City mayor and statewide machine leader Frank Hague, or machine bosses in Boston, Memphis, and Kansas City, all of whom retained power by matching bullying with programs that gained the affection of poor and working class constituents, McFeely was stingy with public funds and mostly relied on force to secure his hold. The coercion and beatings attributed to McFeely and his cohorts in oral histories and court records are detailed in his FBI file. This article focuses on one series of documents, relating to a 1937-1938 campaign to ruin the milk business of George Harper, who was said to have displeased then-mayor McFeely by consorting with his political opponents. Harper provided the FBI with daily records of the enforced boycott of his business; they provide a blow-by-blow account of McFeely bossism in action.A version of this talk was originally delivered at the NJ Forum Conference, Kean University, on November 22, 2014.
Starting from Scratch: The First Building Tradesmen of Middlesex County
Authors: Craig Robert W.
Published: January 2016

"Starting from Scratch" examines the earliest years of Middlesex County from the point-of-view of the building tradesmen--the carpenters, bricklayers, and others--who constructed the towns of Woodbridge, Piscataway, and Perth Amboy between the 1660s and the 1680s. It shows that by identifying these men by name it is possible to trace their careers and to reveal a considerable amount of their working lives. That Piscataway, for example, was settled more slowly than Woodbridge is mirrored by the smaller number of building tradesmen there who have been identified. The building tradesmen of Woodbridge and Piscataway tended to acquire property and rise to the social status of yeomen, while many of those in Perth Amboy arrived in the colony as indentured servants and remained property-less even after their time of service ended. In Woodbridge, especially, building tradesmen dominated the town's leadership during the years of Philip Carteret's governorship. And ironically, despite the remarkably rich clay deposits that would later be found in Middlesex County, the towns failed to attract more than a handful of masonry tradesmen, and the local clays went almost completely unexploited in the seventeenth century. Finally, studies that focus on the experiences of representative colonists, such as of building tradesmen, could collectively provide the basis for a new history of colonial New Jersey.
Historical Thinking in Revolutionary New Jersey: Ancient and Medieval History at Liberty Hall
Authors: Bellitto Christopher M.
Published: January 2016

By exploring the newly-accessible Liberty Hall Archives affiliated with Kean University in Union NJ, this micro-study of the historical references in the writings of John Kean, first cashier of the Bank of the United States, and William Livingston, New Jersey's first governor, reveals how two colonial and revolutionary gentlemen, one tutored at home in South Carolina and the other trained at Yale with a law practice in New York City, employed historical analogies in their pursuit of revolution and government-building. Specifically, how both the Kean paterfamilias and the builder of Liberty Hall used allusions to Greco-Roman history (and, in Kean's case, to medieval Britain) provides insight into the manner that one time period of history adopted and adapted prior periods. Such a study reveals how Kean and Livingston, with diverse backgrounds and from different parts of early America, used history as they made their own.
Roswell Colt: Entrepreneurship in the Early Republic
Authors: Tucker Barbara M.
Published: January 2016

Roswell Colt of Paterson, New Jersey came of age during the Early Republic. A successful entrepreneur, he invested in a variety of projects including the once moribund Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures (S.U.M.), a public/private company organized by Alexander Hamilton and his associates to promote the industrial development of Paterson, a new town built along the Passaic River. Where Hamilton failed, Colt succeeded. The S.U.M. became the cornerstone of his successful business career. His economic portfolio was diverse; he invested in railroads, textile mills, weapons factories, real estate, salt works, and banks. He mingled with politicians such as Daniel Webster, served as an economic and political advisor to Nicholas Biddle and his cousin, Samuel Colt, and dined with Philip Hone. He felt at home in Paterson, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C. His personality, values, instincts and economic strategies fit in well with the emerging market economy.
History and Land Use Change: The New Brunswick Copper Mining and Processing Complex, Rutgers University, and Johnson & Johnson
Authors: Porter Richard L.
Published: January 2016

This paper is the end result of a historical study of the New Brunswick Copper Mining and Processing Complex, which was formerly sited within what is now the City of New Brunswick in Middlesex County, New Jersey.The New Brunswick Copper Mining and Processing Complex was active during the final decades of the colonial period and included both extractive and water-powered industrial components that were focused within the area bounded on the east by the Raritan River, north by Seminary Place, west by College Avenue, and south by Hamilton Street/Johnson Drive.  This area was redeveloped during the 19th and 20th centuries, with the lands formerly utilized for the mining and processing of copper eventually coming to be occupied by Rutgers University and Johnson & Johnson.  The discovery of a mine shaft formerly associated with this early copper mining and processing complex during the demolition of a building within the Johnson & Johnson Corporate Headquarters led to the commissioning of this study by Johnson & Johnson.This paper provides a discussion of the history of the New Brunswick Copper Mining and Processing Complex and of the subsequent changing land uses that ultimately led to the current presence of Rutgers University and Johnson & Johnson.
Historical Archaeology of the Delaware Valley, 1600-1850
Authors: McDonald Michelle Craig
Published: January 2016

Historical Archaeology of the Delaware Valley, 1600-1850Richard Veit and David Orr, editorsUniversity of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, 2014, 414 pp., images and index, $54.95 cloth or PDF.
New Jersey Women in World War II
Authors: Greene Larry A.
Published: January 2016

New Jersey Women in World War IIPatricia ChappineThe History Press, Charleston, South Carolina, 2015. 143 pp., index. $19.99 paper.
The History of Diners in New Jersey
Authors: Schnitzspahn Karen
Published: January 2016

The History of Diners in New JerseyMichael C. GabrieleThe History Press, Charleston, 2013. 168 pp., index. $ 19.99 paperback.
The House
Authors: Fabend Firth Haring
Published: January 2016

TBD
InfoAge Science and History Learning Center: A Guide for Teachers
Authors: O'Shea Timothy
Published: January 2016

In each edition of NJS, we will bring you material for teaching NJ history. This edition's guide to the InfoAge Science and History Learning Center in Wall Township comes to you from Timothy O'Shea.
Recobrimentos comestíveis na conservação pós-colheita de abacate
Authors: Santos Jhon Lennon Ferreira dos , Ataíde Elma Machado , Santos Abda Karollyne Esterphanny dos , Silva Marcelo De Souza
Published: January 2016

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a conservação pós-colheita de abacate agroecológico com uso de própolis e cera vegetal em condição ambiente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcela subdividida no tempo, utilizando-se os tratamentos: testemunha; cera vegetal (100%); extrato alcoólico e aquoso de própolis (30%), com quatro repetições e quatro frutos por parcela. Os frutos foram mantidos sob condição ambiente e avaliados aos 0, 4, 8 e 12 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos quanto as  características físicas: perda de massa fresca do fruto (%) e rendimento de polpa (%) e a determinação físico-químicas: acidez titulável (AT), expressa em porcentagem de acido cítrico; teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), expresso em °Brix, ratio (SS/AT) e o pH. Verificou-se menor perda de massa fresca de abacate com aplicação de extrato alcoólico de própolis e cara no período de armazenamento em relação aos demais tratamentos. Os frutos do tratamento Testemunha apresentaram maior teor de sólidos solúveis, sendo que não diferiu do tratamento Extrato Aquoso de Própolis, com médias de 9,32 e 8,76 °Brix, respectivamente. Já para o pH, verificou-se maiores médias para os abacates tratados com Cera de Carnaúba, apesar de não diferir dos tratamentos com Extrato Aquoso e Alcoólico de Própolis, com médias de 6,52, 6,41 e 6,23, respectivamente.  Conclui-se que o extrato alcoólico de própolis e a cera de carnaúba foram mais efetivos na conservação da massa dos frutos a partir do sexto dia de armazenamento. Durante o armazenamento houve redução significativa do teor de sólidos solúveis dos frutos.
Perfil etnobotânico de plantas medicinais comercializadas em São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Menezes Cardoso Cunha Mayara , Duarte Dondim Roberta Sabrine , Facundes Bonfim Breno , Pereira Batalha Júnior Nilson De Jesus , Assunção Barroso Wermerson , Machado Vilanova Crisálida
Published: January 2016

Foi realizado um levantamento de plantas medicinais comercializadas em feiras livres do município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, em 2013. Utilizaram-se questionários semiestruturados que abordaram o nome popular da planta, bem como a parte utilizada e forma de preparo, além da finalidade terapêutica. Os resultados mostraram 41 espécies na categoria medicinal distribuídas em 27 famílias, sendo Lamiaceae (18%) e Asteraceae (7%) com maior número de espécies. A planta mais citada foi Ocimum basilicum L. (16%), conhecida popularmente por manjericão. A decocção foi o método prevalente de preparo (58%) e a folha foi o órgão mais utilizado nas preparações (73%). Em relação à finalidade terapêutica, observou-se maior utilização em casos de doenças que envolvem problemas infecciosos, inflamatórios e respiratórios, sendo os homens os principais detentores do conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais. Observou-se que a maioria das indicações relatadas pelos feirantes foi encontrada em algum tipo de literatura científica.
Consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas en chicas en edad escolar: relación con la edad y los niveles de actividad física
Authors: Braganca Martha , Márquez Sara , Salguero Alfonso
Published: January 2016

Adoptar un estilo de vida activo y saludable ayuda en la prevención de distintas enfermedades y comportamientos de riesgo. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el nivel de actividad física (NAF) y verificar su influencia sobre la edad y el consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas, en escolares del sexo femenino. Participaron 572 chicas con edad entre 11 y 18 años (14,6 ±2,1años) de colegios de la ciudad de León-España. Para la valoración del NAF se utilizó la versión española (Cuestionario de Valoración de la Actividad Física) del Four-by-One-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire. Para los hábitos de consumo se utilizó el Inventario de Conductas de Salud en Escolares. Un porcentaje importante de escolares (68,2%) eran inactivas. Al analizar separadamente los días entre semana y el fin de semana, dicho porcentaje era de un 50,1% y un 82,1%, respectivamente. Independientemente del período de la semana, la actividad física se reducía con la edad y aumentaba el consumo de todos los tipos de drogas (p=0,001). El grado de actividad física se relacionó significativamente con la edad  (χ2=25,109, p=0,003) y con el consumo de alcohol (χ2=12,993, p=0,005), no así con el de tabaco (χ2=6,953,  p=0,073), ni con el consumo de drogas ilícitas (χ2=2,145,  p=0,54). En conclusión, los datos del presente estudio indican la existencia de una relación inversa del nivel de actividad física de escolares del sexo femenino con la edad y el consumo del alcohol.
O modelo de infecção intradérmica por Staphylococcus aureus: uma alternativa para o entendimento do recrutamento de células para o sítio de infecção?
Authors: Silva Robson Amaro Augusto da , Galantini Maria P.L. , Oliveira Percillia V. S. , Silva Jamile R , Nunes Ivanéia V , Ferreira Lício F. A. A. , Pereira Lucimara A.S. , Marques Lucas M , Figueiredo Tiana B
Published: January 2016

Atualmente, o patógeno Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA) vem se tornado objeto de vários estudos, devido às altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a reposta imune associada ao controle desta infecção. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito da imunização intradérmica com MRSA e a resposta inflamatória no sitio de infecção. Para a realização dos experimentos foram utilizados camundongos A/J que foram imunizados com cepa de MRSA. Após o desafio, foram coletadas amostras do sangue, soro, linfonodo drenante e orelha para análises histopatológicas. A partir do esfregaço sanguíneo, foi observada neutrofilia nos grupos desafiados com MRSA. A análise histopatológica mostrou infiltrado inflamatório em todos os grupos estudados. Foi observado também que, a imunização intradérmica promove hiperplasia no linfonodo drenante, entretanto, não foram observadas diferenças nos perfis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias nos grupos estudados. Conclui-se que há uma predominância de neutrófilos no sítio de estudo e que a hiperplasia observada no linfonodo pode ser correlacionada com o aumento no número de linfócitos Th17, que poderiam contribuir para a diminuição da carga bacteriana neste órgão.
The effect of prior antithyroid drug use on delaying remission in high uptake Graves' disease following radioiodine ablation
Authors: Subramanian Muthiah , Baby Manu Kurian , Seshadri Krishna G
Published: January 2016

Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) have been shown to attenuate the effectiveness of radioiodine (radioiodine ablation, RIA) therapy in Graves' disease. We undertook a study to look at the impact of iodine uptakes on the outcome of 131I therapy. To determine the effect of prior ATD use on the duration of time to achieve cure in patients with high vs intermediate uptake Graves' disease who received a fixed dose (15 mCi) of 131I radioiodine. In a retrospective study of patients with Graves' disease, 475 patients who underwent RIA were followed-up on a two-monthly basis with thyroid function tests. Of the 123 patients with a documented preablation RAIU and consistent follow-up it was observed that 40 patients had an intermediate RAIU (10–30%) and 83 subjects had a distinctly increased uptake (>30%). Successful cure was defined as the elimination of thyrotoxicosis in the form of low free thyroxin and rising TSH levels. When a standard dose of 15 mCi 131I was administered, a cure rate of 93% was achieved. The median duration of time to cure (TC) was 129 days. Surprisingly, a direct proportional linear relationship (R2=0.92) was established between time to cure and radioiodine uptake (TC>30%=172days, TC10–30%=105 days, P<0.001). Patients who used ATD medications took a proportionately longer duration to achieve remission (TCNO ATD=102days, TCATD=253days, P<0.001). The effect of prior ATD therapy in delaying remission was amplified in the subset of patients with higher uptakes (TC>30%+ATD=310days, TC>30%+NO ATD=102days, P<0.001) compared to those with the intermediate uptakes (TC10–30%+ATD=126 days, TC10–30%+NO ATD=99 days, P<0.001). RIA, using a dose of 15 mCi achieved a high cure rate. Higher uptakes predicted longer time to achieve remission, with prior ATD use amplifying this effect.
Minichromosome maintenance protein 7 as prognostic marker of tumor aggressiveness in pituitary adenoma patients
Authors: Coli Antonella , Asa Sylvia L , Fadda Guido , Scannone Domenico , Chiloiro Sabrina , De Marinis Laura , Lauretti Liverana , Ranelletti Franco O , Lauriola Libero
Published: January 2016

Background

Ki-67 labeling index (LI) is currently regarded as a useful prognostic marker of pituitary adenoma (PA) clinical behavior, although its relevance as a reliable clinical indicator is far from being universally accepted, since both validations and criticisms are found in the literature. Minichromosome maintenance 7 (MCM7), a cell-cycle regulator protein, has been recently proposed as a marker of tumor aggressiveness in tumors from many sites, including the CNS. Therefore, we evaluated MCM7, in comparison to Ki-67, as a potential marker of clinical outcome in PA.

Design and methods

In this single-institution retrospective study, 97 patients with PA (23 ACTH, 12 GH, 29 PRL, 10 FSH/LH, and 23 non-secreting adenomas) were recruited and the prognostic value of both MCM7 and Ki-67 was evaluated by immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, p53 nuclear expression and mitotic index were also evaluated.

Results

Twenty-six of the 97 PA patients recurred during the follow-up period. Cox's regression analysis showed that high nuclear expression of MCM7 LI, unlike Ki-67 LI, was directly associated with a higher (7.7-fold) risk of recurrence/progression. Kaplan–Meier analysis of recurrence/progression-free survival curves revealed that patients with high MCM7 LI (≥15%) had a shorter recurrence/progression-free survival than those with low MCM7 LI (<15%). Moreover, among patients with invasive tumors, high MCM7 LI identified those with the highest risk of recurrence/progression.

Conclusions

Data from this study suggest that MCM7 is a prognostic marker of clinical outcome in PA patients, more reliable and informative than Ki-67.
Anti-inflammatory therapies in TRAMP mice: delay in PCa progression
Authors: Kido Larissa Akemi , Montico Fabio , Sauce Rafael , Macedo Aline Barbosa , Minatel Elaine , Costa Débora Barbosa Vendramini , de Carvalho João Ernesto , Pilli Ronaldo Aloise , Cagnon Valeria Helena Alves
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to characterize the structural and molecular biology as well as evaluate the immediate and late responses of prostatic cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model after treatment with goniothalamin (GTN) and celecoxib. The treated mice received GTN (150 mg/kg, gavage) or celecoxib (10 mg/kg, gavage) from 8 to 12 weeks of age. They were killed at different ages: the immediate-response groups at 12 weeks and the late-response groups at 22 weeks. The ventral prostate was collected for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, TUNEL, and ELISA. Morphological analyses indicated that GTN treatment delayed the progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma, leading to a significant decrease of prostatic lesion frequency in both experimental period responses to this treatment, mainly high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Also, the celecoxib treatment showed a particular decrease in the proliferative processes (PCNA) in both the experimental periods. Despite celecoxib diminishing the COX2 and IGFR1 levels, GTN presented higher action spectrum considering the decrease of a greater molecular number involved in the proliferative and inflammatory processes in prostatic cancer. Goniothalamin attenuated the pro-inflammatory response in TRAMP prostatic microenvironment, delaying prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Celecoxib treatment was efficient in the regulation of COX2 in the TRAMP mice, mainly in the advanced disease grade. Finally, we concluded that inflammatory process control in early grades of PCa was crucial for the downregulation of the signaling pathways involved in the proliferative processes in advanced cancer grades.
Genetics of Lipid-Storage Management inCaenorhabditis elegansEmbryos
Authors: Schmökel Verena , Memar Nadin , Wiekenberg Anne , Trotzmüller Martin , Schnabel Ralf , Döring Frank
Published: January 2016

Lipids play a pivotal role in embryogenesis as structural components of cellular membranes, as a source of energy, and as signaling molecules. On the basis of a collection of temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal mutants, a systematic database search, and a subsequent microscopic analysis of >300 interference RNA (RNAi)–treated/mutant worms, we identified a couple of evolutionary conserved genes associated with lipid storage in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. The genes include cpl-1 (cathepsin L–like cysteine protease), ccz-1 (guanine nucleotide exchange factor subunit), and asm-3 (acid sphingomyelinase), which is closely related to the human Niemann-Pick disease–causing gene SMPD1. The respective mutant embryos accumulate enlarged droplets of neutral lipids (cpl-1) and yolk-containing lipid droplets (ccz-1) or have larger genuine lipid droplets (asm-3). The asm-3 mutant embryos additionally showed an enhanced resistance against C band ultraviolet (UV-C) light. Herein we propose that cpl-1, ccz-1, and asm-3 are genes required for the processing of lipid-containing droplets in C. elegans embryos. Owing to the high levels of conservation, the identified genes are also useful in studies of embryonic lipid storage in other organisms.
MicroRNA Biogenesis and Hedgehog-Patched Signaling Cooperate to Regulate an Important Developmental Transition in Granule Cell Development
Authors: Constantin Lena , Constantin Myrna , Wainwright Brandon J
Published: January 2016

The Dicer1, Dcr-1 homolog (Drosophila) gene encodes a type III ribonuclease required for the canonical maturation and functioning of microRNAs (miRNAs). Subsets of miRNAs are known to regulate normal cerebellar granule cell development, in addition to the growth and progression of medulloblastoma, a neoplasm that often originates from granule cell precursors. Multiple independent studies have also demonstrated that deregulation of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-Patched (Ptch) signaling, through miRNAs, is causative of granule cell pathologies. In the present study, we investigated the genetic interplay between miRNA biogenesis and Shh-Ptch signaling in granule cells of the cerebellum by way of the Cre/lox recombination system in genetically engineered models of Mus musculus (mouse). We demonstrate that, although the miRNA biogenesis and Shh-Ptch-signaling pathways, respectively, regulate the opposing growth processes of cerebellar hypoplasia and hyperplasia leading to medulloblastoma, their concurrent deregulation was nonadditive and did not bring the growth phenotypes toward an expected equilibrium. Instead, mice developed either hypoplasia or medulloblastoma, but of a greater severity. Furthermore, some genotypes were bistable, whereby subsets of mice developed hypoplasia or medulloblastoma. This implies that miRNAs and Shh-Ptch signaling regulate an important developmental transition in granule cells of the cerebellum. We also conclusively show that the Dicer1 gene encodes a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene for Ptch1-induced medulloblastoma, with the monoallielic loss of Dicer1 more severe than biallelic loss. These findings exemplify how genetic interplay between pathways may produce nonadditive effects with a substantial and unpredictable impact on biology. Furthermore, these findings suggest that the functional dosage of Dicer1 may nonadditively influence a wide range of Shh-Ptch-dependent pathologies.
Small Heat Shock Proteins Are Novel Common Determinants of Alcohol and Nicotine Sensitivity inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Johnson James R , Rajamanoharan Dayani , McCue Hannah V , Rankin Kim , Barclay Jeff W
Published: January 2016

Addiction to drugs is strongly determined by multiple genetic factors. Alcohol and nicotine produce distinct pharmacological effects within the nervous system through discrete molecular targets; yet, data from family and twin analyses support the existence of common genetic factors for addiction in general. The mechanisms underlying addiction, however, are poorly described and common genetic factors for alcohol and nicotine remain unidentified. We investigated the role that the heat shock transcription factor, HSF-1, and its downstream effectors played as common genetic modulators of sensitivity to addictive substances. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, an exemplary model organism with substance dose-dependent responses similar to mammals, we demonstrate that HSF-1 altered sensitivity to both alcohol and nicotine. Using a combination of a targeted RNAi screen of downstream factors and transgenic approaches we identified that these effects were contingent upon the constitutive neuronal expression of HSP-16.48, a small heat shock protein (HSP) homolog of human α-crystallin. Furthermore we demonstrated that the function of HSP-16.48 in drug sensitivity surprisingly was independent of chaperone activity during the heat shock stress response. Instead we identified a distinct domain within the N-terminal region of the HSP-16.48 protein that specified its function in comparison to related small HSPs. Our findings establish and characterize a novel genetic determinant underlying sensitivity to diverse addictive substances.
Konsep Perlindungan Hak Cipta Karya Musik Dalam Ranah Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dari Tindak Pidana Pembajakan
Authors: Yanto Oksidelfa
Published: January 2016

Abstract: The concept of Protection of Copyright Works Music In the realm of Intellectual Property Rights Law Of Crime of Piracy. Intellectual Property Rights or IPR is a right arising from a work produced by using human intellectual abilities for the benefit of the community, both in the fields of science, art, literature and technology. Object of intellectual property is created by the human mind. HKI is actually a system of recognition, award, legal protection and economic value for intellectual works that cover a wide range. One form of IPR that is copyright protected. For example, music, art, painting, photography, books, and so forth.   Abstrak: Konsep Perlindungan Hak Cipta Karya Musik Dalam Ranah Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dari Tindak Pidana Pembajakan. Hak Kekayaan Intelektual atau HKI adalah hak yang timbul dari suatu karya yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan kemampuan intelektual manusia yang bermanfaat bagi kehidupan masyarakat, baik di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, seni, sastra dan teknologi. Obyek Kekayaan Intelektual adalah hasil kreasi pikiran manusia. Secara aktual HKI merupakan satu sistem pemberian pengakuan, penghargaan, perlindungan hukum dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi bagi karya-karya intelektual yang mencakup jangkauan yang luas. Salah satu bentuk HKI yang dilindungi adalah hak cipta. Misalnya, musik, seni, lukisan, fotografi, buku dan lain sebagainya. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.2310
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Investor Terhadap Praktik Kejahatan Insider Trading Pada Pasar Modal di Indonesia
Authors: Haidar Fadilah
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Legal Protection for Investors Against Crime Practice Insider Trading In Stock Market in Indonesia. Legal protection for investors is a matter that is crucial to the survival of the business and investing world, a form of legal protection itself in the form of legal structure and legal substance both of which synergize in providing certainty and legal protection. In the absence of legal protection for investors against the crime of insider trading in the stock market it will create unfair market, the emergence of illicit profit, and untrustable adverse market investors.   Abstrak: Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Investor Terhadap Praktik Kejahatan Insider Trading Pada Pasar Modal di Indonesia. Perlindungan hukum bagi investor merupakan suatu hal yang krusial dalam kelangsungan dunia bisnis dan investasi, wujud dari perlindungan hukum itu sendiri berupa legal structure dan legal substance dimana keduanya saling bersinergi dalam memberi kepastian dan perlindungan hukum. Dengan tidak adanya perlindungan hukum bagi investor terhadap kejahatan insider trading di pasar modal maka akan tercipta unfair market, timbulnya illicit profit, dan untrustable market yang merugikan investor.  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.2311
STRATIFIKASI SOSIAL DAN KESADARAN KELAS
Authors: Syah Rizqon H
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Social Stratification and Class-Conscience. Human’s life is stratified. The status itself is determined by some factors, such as inheritance, education and religion. Even though divided into different status, people should not be treated based on their status which can lead in to disharmony in their social life and national life as a whole. It is a fact that social stratification is fruits of people’s life reflected by the ideas, values, norms, social activities and things. This phenomenon is always present in people’s life in every level of the society.Key Words: Society, Status, Dichotomy and Harmony  Abstrak: Stratifikasi Sosial dan Kesadaran Kelas. Kehidupan dalam bermasyarakat tidak dapat dipisahkan dari jenjang status kehidupan yang bertingkat-tingkat. Status tersebut diakibatkan oleh banyak faktor seperti karena keturunan, pendidikan, dan agama. Meskipun realitanya status manusia yang berbeda-beda, manusia tidak boleh terdikotomi dengan status tersebut sehingga mengganggu keharmonisan dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Satu bentuk variasi kehidupan dari hasil perbedaan adalah fenomena stratifikasi (tingkatan-tingkatan) sosial yang terjadi melalui proses suatu bentuk kehidupan baik berupa gagasan, nilai, norma, aktifitas sosial, maupun benda-benda, Fenomena dari stratifikasi sosial akan selalu ada dalam kehidupan manusia, sesederhana apapun kehidupan, berbeda satu sama lain, tergantung bagaimana mereka menempatkannya. Kata Kunci: Masyarakat, Status, Dikotomi dan Harmoni DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2239
RESOLUSI KONFLIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI*
Authors: Nisa Jakiatin
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Conflict Resolution in Perspective of Communication. Basically, conflict is part of people’s life. People face conflict, which is called as vertical conflict and horizontal one. Conflict can potentially arise in Indonesia because of its diversity in terms of ethnicity, religion and social stratification. To that reason, it is essential to understand conflict resolution in order to resolve conflict in a constructive wayKey Words: conflicts, diversity and conflict resolution   Abstrak: Resolusi Konflik dalam Perspektif Komunikasi. Konflik pada hakekatnya merupakan keniscayaan bagi manusia. Karena hakekat tersebut manusia selalu dihadapkan dengan banyak konflik, terlebih konflik yang terjadi di masyarakat, baik konflik vertikal maupun konflik horizontal. Terlebih lagi dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara di negara Indonesia, yang terbagi atas lapisan-lapisan kelas sosial, masyarakat yang majemuk sehingga memunculkan keanekaragaman dalam berbagai aspek yang juga menyebabkan adanya lapisan sosial yang beragam menjadi potensi yang cukup besar untuk melahirkan konflik. Dalam kondisi seperti itulah pemahaman akan resolusi konflik menjadi sangat penting untuk menyelesaikan konflik-konflik yang muncul dengan cara yang konstruktif. Kata Kunci: Konflik, Kemajemukan, Resolusi KonflikDOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2240
PENETRASI BARAT ATAS DUNIA ISLAM (Sejarah Gerakan Politik dan Kemerdekaan Dunia Islam Abad XIX)
Authors: Zaki Muhammad
Published: January 2016

Abstract: West’s Influence to Muslim’s World (History of Political Movement and Independence in Muslim’s World in XIX Century). This article is attempted to analyze the problems within the history perspective. History meant by this article is history of Muslim’s world in XIX Century and West’s penetration and its influence. The awakening of West is influenced by the science and the thinking’s method which is actually was developed by Muslim’s reasons.Key Words: penetration, history and awakening Abstrak: Penetrasi Barat Atas Dunia Islam (Sejarah Gerakan Politik dan Kemerdekaan Dunia Islam Abad XIX). Artikel ini merupakan kajian kepustakaan yang bersifat deskriptif dan analisis kritis melalui pendekatan historis, yang berusaha menyingkap, menggali dan menelaah serta menganalisis persoalan yang menjadi objek kajian dari kacamata sejarah. Sejarah yang dimaksud dalam makalah ini adalah sejarah dunia Islam pada abad XIX dan penetrasi dunia Barat terhadap dunia Islam serta segala implikasi yang diakibatkan olehnya. Kebangkitan bangsa Barat bermuara pada khazanah ilmu pengetahuan dan metode berpikir yang dikembangkan umat Islam secara rasional. Kata Kunci: Penetrasi, sejarah, dan Kebangkitan DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2241
GELOMBANG REVOLUSI DAN TRANSISI POLITIK DI TIMUR TENGAH DAN AFRIKA UTARA*
Authors: Zada Khamami
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Revolutionary Waves and Political Transition in Middle East and North Africa. Political transition in Tunisia has greatly influenced to neighboring countries, especially Egypt. Libya and Yemen have been disturbed by the government’s opposition. Political transition in Middle East is a fruit of authoritarian in which has been taking place since years ago. In addition, the high level of poverty gives effect to the transition process. Political transition in Tunisia and Egypt was happened in a peaceful way, marked by the resignation of Zain al-Din Ben Ali and Husni Mubarak. On the other hand, the armed conflict has been occurred in Libya and Yaman, heading the government’s loyalties and the opposition groups.  After the fall of Ben Ali and Husni Mubarak, it exist the struggle between radical groups and liberal ones in competing optical power. Key Words: political transition, revolution, Islamism, radicalism and liberalism Abstrak: Gelombang Revolusi dan Transisi Politik di Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara. Efek domino transisi politik di Tunisia menjalar ke negara-negara tetangganya, terutama Mesir. Libya dan Yaman pun sedang menghadapi tuntutan mundur dari kelompok oposisi. Transisi politik di Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara merupakan akibat dari otoritarianisme yang berlangsung lama dan tingginya kemiskinan. Transisi politik yang terjadi di Tunisia dan Mesir berlangsung dengan pola damai dengan mundurnya Zain al-Din Ben Ali dan Hosni Mubarak. Di tempat lain, Libya dan Yaman juga berlangsung konflik bersenjata antara kelompok yang setia terhadap pemerintah dan kelompok oposisi. Paska Ben Ali di Tunisia dan Mubarak di Mesir terjadi pertarungan antara kelompok Islamisme, radikalisme dan liberalisme dalam memperebutkan sumber politik kekuasaan dan kultural. Kata Kunci: transisi politik, revolusi, Islamisme, radikalisme, liberalisme   DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.224
FAKTA PERJANJIAN DAMAI DAN HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK NEGARA TIMUR TENGAH DALAM PROSES PERDAMAIAN KONFLIK ISRAEL-PALESTINA PASCA KEMERDEKAAN PALESTINA
Authors: Masyrofah Masyrofah
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Peace Agreement Phenomena and Diplomatic Ties between Middle East Countries in Implementing Peace Process Regarding to Israeli-Palestinian Conflict after Palestine’s Independence. The full membership of Palestine in United Nations becomes a starting point of international recognition of Palestine’s Statehood. .Palestine has perceived its independence as “second round of independence” since its independence has been declared in 1988. Despite of Israeli’s settlement in West Bank and Jerusalem, Peace Process Agreement has been continuing. Middle East countries’ contribution has been so significant in terms of facilitating the agreement process. The recognition of Palestine’s statehood is hoped to put pressure on Israel to continue the talk on the agreement process and eventually stop the se settlement. At the end, the “two state solution” can be implemented.Key Words: Israeli-Palestinian Peace Agreement, the Role of Middle East, Two State Solutions Abstrak: Fakta Perjanjian Damai dan Hubungan Diplomatik Negara Timur Dalam Proses Perdamaian Konflik Israel-Palestina Pasca Kemerdekaan Palestina. Peningkatan status Palestina menjadi anggota penuh PBB menjadi titik penentu adanya dukungan internasional akan pengakuan Palestina sebagai negara berdaulat. Rakyat Palestina memaknai sebagai kemerdekaan Palestina jilid 2, karena kemerdekaannya telah dideklarasikan pada tahun 1988. Perundingan damai masih terus diupayakan oleh kedua belah pihak di tengah kemelut pembangunan pemukiman Yahudi di Tepi Barat dan Yerusalem. Peran negara Timur Tengah sangat besar dalam memfasilitasi proses perundingan. Harapan dari peningkatan status ini dapat menekan Israel agar melanjutkan perundingan dan menghentikan pembangunan pemukiman. Sehingga akhirnya dapat mewujudkan “two-states solution” (dua negara Palestina-Israel secara berdampingan). Kata Kunci : Perundingan damai Israel-Palestina, Peran Timur Tengah, Two States Solutions DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2243
KESEPAKATAN GENEVA SEBAGAI BENTUK PRAGMATISME POLITIK LUAR NEGERI AMERIKA SERIKAT DI TIMUR TENGAH
Authors: Rizqianto Saomi
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Geneva Agreement as Political pragmatism of American Foreign Policy in Middle East. This article is intended to explore American’s foreign policy in the Iranian nuclear’s problem. After the fall of Shah Reza Pahlevi in 1979, United States (US) has lost its power in Mullah’s Country. Due to Iranian geopolitics’ influence, economic and military enforcement in Middle East, US is intended to give its influence in Iran. Iran ‘s ability in development nuclear weapons will decrease US’s influence in Middle East and obviously treat Israeli’s existence in Middle East. Geneva Agreement is US’s political pragmatic in implementing its foreign policy’ goals.Key Words: Jenewa Talks, Iranian Nuclear, Pragmatism, US and Middle East  Abstrak: Kesepakatan Geneva Sebagai Bentuk Pragmatisme Politik Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat di Timur Tengah. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kembali politik praktis luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap masalah nuklir Iran. Sejak Shah Reza Pahlevi terguling dari tampuk kekuasaannya di Iran pada tahun 1979, praktis Amerika Serikat kehilangan kontrol di negeri para Mullah tersebut. Amerika Serikat sangat berkepentingan dengan Iran karena negeri itu memiliki pengaruh geopolitik, ekonomi dan militer yang besar di kawasan timur tengah. Kemampuan Iran akan senjata nuklir menggandakan kemampuan tersebut, menutup pengaruh Amerika Serikat dan mengancam eksistensi Israel. Kesepakatan Geneva adalah bentuk pragmatis Amerika Serikat dalam mencapai tujuan politik luar negerinya. Kata Kunci: Jenewa Pembicaraan, Iran Nuklir, Pragmatisme, Amerika Serikat, Timur TengahDOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2245
IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN POLITIK TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Zahrudin Zahrudin
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Implication of Education Policy to Campus Management. After the reformation, the policy on the regional autonomy arise, including campus’s autonomy, called “State-Own Legal Body” and General Services Body. A legal body State University has a full authority in academic and non-academic matters. In Addition, it exists separate asset and person in charge working for University has the authority to make legal action. On the other hand, the General Services Body doesn’t have the authority as big as a legal body one, such as the separation of assets and flexibility in financial management.Key Words: policy, campus’s management Abstrak: Implikasi Kebijakan Politik terhadap Manajemen Perguruan Tinggi. Sejak era reformasi, berbagai kebijakan muncul mulai dari kebijakan terkait dengan otonomi daerah hingga kebijakan terkait dengan otonomi perguruan tinggi yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah Badan Hukum Milik Negara (BHMN) dan Badan Layanan Umum (BLU). Perguruan tinggi negeri yang berstatus badan hukum mempunyai wewenang penuh dalam hal akademik dan nonakademik. Selain itu, juga memiliki kekayaan yang dipisahkan serta para pengelola dapat melakukan perbuatan yang mengandung hukum. Sedangkan perguruan tinggi negeri berstatus badan layanan umum mempunyai wewenang tidak sepenuh yang dimiliki pergurun tinggi berbadan hukum. Termasuk dalam hal pemisahan kekayaan dan pengelola yang tidak memiliki hak melakukan perbuatan yang mengandung hukum. serta yang menjadi karakteristiknya adalah mempunyai fleksibilitas dan kemandirian dalam hal pengelolaan keuangan. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Politik, Manajemen Perguruan Tinggi DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2246
KMP VERSUS KIH; Implikasi Ketatanegaraan Perseteruan Dua Kubu Dalam Dimensi Etika Politik
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim
Published: January 2016

Abstract: KMP Versus KIH: Constitutional Implication of the Dispute of Two Parties in Etical and Political Dimension. Ethics is an important element of social interaction. Good deeds will produce good things and vice versa. However, in politics, it’s not always the same. The Dispute between two side “KMP” and “KIP”, is started with the dispute between Presidential Candidates. This quarrel affect our constitutional system as the change of system of governor/mayor’s election, mechanism on the nomination of heads of Parliament and the other issues promulgated in the Act. This quarrel can be ended if the politicians can put priority on ethics matters, compared to personal and political parties’ interests.Key Words: dispute, etics in politics and Constitutional implication Abstrak: KMP Versus KIH; Implikasi Ketatanegaraan Perseteruan Dua Kubu Dalam Dimensi Etika Politik. Persoalan etika merupakan hal yang sangat vital dalam interaksi sosial, karena setiap perbuatan manusia menimbulkan dampak sesuai dengan apa yang dilakukan. Perbuatan yang baik menghasilkan dampak yang baik, begitupun sebaliknya. Meskipun terkadang di lapangan khususnya ranah politik praksis, perbuatan yang baik kerap berdampak buruk dan begitu sebaliknya. Begitu pula hanya perseteruan dua kubu yang terjadi antara kubu Koalisi Merah Putih dan Kubu Indonesia Hebat yang bermula dari perseteruan dua kubu pemenangan calon presiden; Jokowi-Jk dan Prabowo-Hatta. Akibat perseteruan ini berimplikasi ketatanegaraan seperti adanya perubahan sistem pemilihan umum kepala daerah, mekanisme pemilihan Pimpinan DPR dan Pimpinan MPR, dan beberapa produk legislasi lainnya. Perseteruan ini dapat berakhir apabila para praktisi politik di negeri ini mampu mengedepankan etika politik di atas kepentingan pribadi, partai, dan golongan. Kata Kunci: Perseteruan, Etika Politik, Ketatanegaraan  DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i1.2248