bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene–Diet Interactions in Colorectal Cancer: Survey Design, Instruments, Participants and Descriptive Data of a Case–Control Study in the Basque Country
Authors: Alegria-Lertxundi Iker , Aguirre Carmelo , Bujanda Luis , Fernández Francisco J. , Polo Francisco , Ordovás José M. , Etxezarraga M. Carmen , Zabalza Iñaki , Larzabal Mikel , Portillo Isabel , M. de Pancorbo Marian , Palencia-Madrid Leire , Garcia-Etxebarria Koldo , Rocandio Ana M. , Arroyo-Izaga Marta
Published: August 2020

Epidemiologic studies have revealed inconsistent evidence of gene-diet interaction in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to analyze them in a sample of cases and controls from the population-based bowel cancer screening program of the Osakidetza/Basque Health Service. This study analyzed dietetic, genetic, demographic, socioeconomic factors and lifestyles. In the present manuscript, the survey design, sampling, instruments, measurements and related quality management were presented. Moreover, we analyze differences between cases and controls in some data, especially those related to diet. The participants were 308 cases and 308 age- and sex-matched subjects as controls. Cases were more likely than controls to have overweight/obesity (67.5% vs. 58.1%, p < 0.05), a lower intake of vitamin B2 (0.86 ± 0.23 vs. 0.92 ± 0.23 mg/1000 kcal, p < 0.01) and calcium:phosphorus ratio (0.62 ± 0.12 vs. 0.65 ± 0.13, p < 0.01). A higher proportion of cases than controls did not meet the Nutritional Objectives for saturated fatty acids (85.7% vs. 67.5%, p < 0.001) or cholesterol (35.4% vs. 25.0%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, the present study provides valuable data for analyzing the complexity of gene-diet interaction in relation to CRC. The results presented here suggest that overweight/obesity and a high intake of certain dietary components, especially saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, are more frequent in cases than in controls.
Ecological Perspectives on Religion and Positive Youth Development
Authors: Abo-Zena Mona M. , Rana Meenal
Published: August 2020

A positivist orientation that marginalized the study of religion and spirituality in social science research has limited both its scope and focus. Given a primarily cognitive orientation to this inquiry, children, adolescents, and emerging adults were typically not the focus of research. More recently, the scope of research has been broadened to emphasize the need to understand contextual and developmental nuances, which are increasingly being reflected in a range of research designs, methods, and samples. The burgeoning scholarship on the role of religion and spirituality in the development of youth during this particularly formative developmental period has begun to shed light on how religion promotes and challenges positive youth development. While this expanding focus has begun to describe youth’s developmental experiences, the deep interconnections between individual youth, religious and spiritual systems, and the contexts and relationships in which youth develop remain understudied. This special issue on the role of religion and spirituality on positive youth development asserts the import of exploring ecological perspectives and influences when studying the role of religion and spirituality in the development of diverse youth and draws from interdisciplinary and lifespan perspectives to continue mapping the terrain of this area of study and ways to navigate it.
Open Source Riverscapes: Analyzing the Corridor of the Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan Based on Open Access Data
Authors: Betz Florian , Lauermann Magdalena , Cyffka Bernd
Published: August 2020

In fluvial geomorphology as well as in freshwater ecology, rivers are commonly seen as nested hierarchical systems functioning over a range of spatial and temporal scales. Thus, for a comprehensive assessment, information on various scales is required. Over the past decade, remote sensing-based approaches have become increasingly popular in river science to increase the spatial scale of analysis. However, data-scarce areas have been widely ignored so far, even if most remaining free flowing rivers are located in such areas. In this study, we suggest an approach for river corridor mapping based on open access data only, in order to foster large-scale analysis of river systems in data-scarce areas. We take the more than 600 km long Naryn River in Kyrgyzstan as an example, and demonstrate the potential of the SRTM-1 elevation model and Landsat OLI imagery in the automated mapping of various riverscape parameters, like the riparian zone extent, distribution of riparian vegetation, active channel width and confinement, as well as stream power. For each parameter, a rigor validation is performed to evaluate the performance of the applied datasets. The results demonstrate that our approach to riverscape mapping is capable of providing sufficiently accurate results for reach-averaged parameters, and is thus well-suited to large-scale river corridor assessment in data-scarce regions. Rather than an ultimate solution, we see this remote sensing approach as part of a multi-scale analysis framework with more detailed investigation in selected study reaches.
The Estimation of Lava Flow Temperatures Using Landsat Night-Time Images: Case Studies from Eruptions of Mt. Etna and Stromboli (Sicily, Italy), Kīlauea (Hawaii Island), and Eyjafjallajökull and Holuhraun (Iceland)
Authors: Nádudvari Ádám , Abramowicz Anna , Maniscalco Rosanna , Viccaro Marco
Published: August 2020

Using satellite-based remote sensing to investigate volcanic eruptions is a common approach for preliminary research, chiefly because a great amount of freely available data can be effectively accessed. Here, Landsat 4-5TM, 7ETM+, and 8OLI night-time satellite images are used to estimate lava flow temperatures and radiation heat fluxes from selected volcanic eruptions worldwide. After retrieving the spectral radiance, the pixel values were transformed into temperatures using the calculated calibration constants. Results showed that the TIR and SWIR bands were saturated and unable to detect temperatures over the active lava flows. However, temperatures were effectively detected over the active lava flows in the range ~500–1060 °C applying the NIR-, red-, green- or blue-band. Application of the panchromatic band with 15 m resolution also revealed details of lava flow morphology. The calculated radiant heat flux for the lava flows accords with increasing cooling either with slope or with distance from the vent.
Single-Event Transients in an IEEE 802.15.4 RF Receiver for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Mateos-Angulo Sergio , Pino Javier del , Mayor-Duarte Daniel , San-Miguel-Montesdeoca Mario , L. Khemchandani Sunil
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a procedure to analyse the effects of radiation in an IEEE 802.15.4 RF receiver for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, single-event transients (SETs) represent one of the greatest threats to the adequate performance of electronic communication devices in high-radiation environments. The proposed procedure consists in injecting current pulses in sensitive nodes of the receiver and analysing how they propagate through the different circuits that form the receiver. In order to perform this analysis, a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) low-IF receiver has been designed using a 0.18 μm technology from the foundry UMC. In order to analyse the effect of single-event transients in this receiver, it has been studied how current pulses generated in the low-noise amplifier propagate down the receiver chain. The effect of the different circuits that form the receiver on this kind of pulse has been studied prior to the analysis of the complete receiver. First, the effect of SETs in low-noise amplifiers was analysed. Then, the propagation of pulses through mixers was studied. The effect of filters in the analysed current pulses has also been studied. Regarding the analysis of the designed RF receiver, an amplitude and phase shift was observed under the presence of SETs.
Toward Accurate Position Estimation Using Learning to Prediction Algorithm in Indoor Navigation
Authors: Jamil Faisal , Iqbal Naeem , Ahmad Shabir , Kim Do-Hyeun
Published: August 2020

Internet of Things is advancing, and the augmented role of smart navigation in automating processes is at its vanguard. Smart navigation and location tracking systems are finding increasing use in the area of the mission-critical indoor scenario, logistics, medicine, and security. A demanding emerging area is an Indoor Localization due to the increased fascination towards location-based services. Numerous inertial assessments unit-based indoor localization mechanisms have been suggested in this regard. However, these methods have many shortcomings pertaining to accuracy and consistency. In this study, we propose a novel position estimation system based on learning to the prediction model to address the above challenges. The designed system consists of two modules; learning to prediction module and position estimation using sensor fusion in an indoor environment. The prediction algorithm is attached to the learning module. Moreover, the learning module continuously controls, observes, and enhances the efficiency of the prediction algorithm by evaluating the output and taking into account the exogenous factors that may have an impact on its outcome. On top of that, we reckon a situation where the prediction algorithm can be applied to anticipate the accurate gyroscope and accelerometer reading from the noisy sensor readings. In the designed system, we consider a scenario where the learning module, based on Artificial Neural Network, and Kalman filter are used as a prediction algorithm to predict the actual accelerometer and gyroscope reading from the noisy sensor reading. Moreover, to acquire data, we use the next-generation inertial measurement unit, which contains a 3-axis accelerometer and gyroscope data. Finally, for the performance and accuracy of the proposed system, we carried out numbers of experiments, and we observed that the proposed Kalman filter with learning module performed better than the traditional Kalman filter algorithm in terms of root mean square error metric.
Energy Constrained Optimization for Spreading Factor Allocation in LoRaWAN
Authors: Narieda Shusuke , Fujii Takeo , Umebayashi Kenta
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses a spreading factor allocation for Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). Because Long Range (LoRa) is based on chirp spread spectrum that each spreading factor is approximately orthogonal to each other, the performance of LoRaWAN can be enhanced by allocating the spreading factor appropriately to end devices (EDs). Several spreading factor allocation techniques have been reported. Techniques shown in existing studies can improve some characteristics (e.g. throughput or packet reception probability (PRP)); however, there are a few studies that have focused on the energy consumption of the EDs. The LoRa communication offers a low power communication and this enables the improvement of the performance in exchange for the energy consumption. This paper presents a performance improvement technique via spreading factor allocations for LoRaWAN. We define the optimization problem for the spreading factor allocation to maximize the PRP under a constraint for the average energy consumption of all the EDs. It enables for the performance improvement under the constraint of the average energy consumption of all the EDs by solving the problem. This study further develops a method to solve the defined problem based on a distributed genetic algorithm, which is metaheuristics method. Although the techniques shown in the existing studies give the average energy consumption as a result of the performance improvement by the spreading factor allocation, the presented technique can enhance the LoRaWAN performance by allocating the spreading factor to EDs under the constraint for the average energy consumption of all the EDs. Numerical examples validate the effectiveness of the presented technique. The PRP performance of the presented technique is superior to that of the techniques shown in the existing studies despite that the average energy consumption of all the EDs of the presented technique is less than that of the techniques shown in the existing studies.
Invited Editorial: Despite COVID-19, Influenza Must Not Be Relegated to “Only the Sniffles”
Authors: Pawelec Graham
Published: August 2020

As the current COVID-19 pandemic continues to rage worldwide, it has emerged that the 2019–2020 influenza season has been milder and shorter than usual in the northern hemisphere, presumably due to enforced social distancing [...]
La gestión del entorno laboral en los códigos éticos. Estudio de contenidos en empresas argentinas, colombianas y españolas
Authors: Rodríguez Domínguez Luis
Published: August 2020

Ante los desafíos éticos a los que se enfrentan las organizaciones en este contexto globalizado, muchas de las corporaciones han optado por diseñar políticas éticas dentro de ellas, plasmadas muchas veces en códigos éticos o códigos de conducta. Entre las temáticas que más abordan los códigos se destaca especialmente la relativa a la gestión del entorno laboral, en el que pueden surgir múltiples situaciones problemáticas desde el punto de vista ético. El presente estudio se centra en analizar los códigos éticos de las grandes corporaciones de Argentina, Colombia y España, con el fin de subrayar las principales preocupaciones éticas en relación con la gestión del entorno de trabajo. Se ha realizado un análisis de contenido comparativo de los códigos éticos de las principales empresas cotizadas de Argentina, Colombia y España, aquellas que cotizan en los índices Merval-20 de Argentina, Colcap-25 de Colombia y el Ibex-35 de España. El análisis comparativo efectuado muestra que existen varios aspectos éticos de preocupación común para las empresas en este entorno globalizado tales como el fomento de un clima laboral de respeto y no discriminación, la seguridad y la salud laboral, los conflictos de interés y la obtención y entrega de regalos o beneficios. Sin embargo, otras cuestiones como, por ejemplo, el equilibrio entre la vida laboral y personal, presentan un menor grado de presencia y de desarrollo. El artículo analiza las principales preocupaciones éticas de las empresas en lo que respecta al entorno de trabajo, de modo que muestra muchas de las similitudes a nivel global y destaca las diferencias en el enfoque, el contenido y la profundidad de los diferentes temas éticos entre los países analizados.
Accident Hotspot Identification on the Midnapore Kharagpur Development Authority Planning Area
Authors:   Remote Sensing & GIS Department, Vidyasagar University,Midnapore, India., Fatema Mrs. Samrin , Chakrabarty Dr. Abhisek ,   Remote sensing & GIS Department, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India.
Published: August 2020

Road accidents are a vital problem in our country for various reasons. According to WHO reports, approximately 1.25 million people died each year, and more than 50 million people injured in road accidents all over the world. Road accident is mostly human-made, and it’s affecting your life negatively. Regarding, many studies or research has been performed to reduce road accident and identify the accident blackspot. This paper represents a methodology to find out the accident-prone zone, estimation of Kernel Density and black Site & black Spot identification of major roads Medinipur and Kharagpur development Authority (MKDA) planning area using of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). For this study, road accident data collected from Paschim Medinipur Kotwali Police station from 2016 to 2019. A kernel density estimation was created to identify black spots & black sites of the study area. Based on the result, suggestions are provided to improve the situation in the future.
Efikasi Diri Dan Perilaku Perawatan Diri Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Di Wilayah Puskesmas Pahandut
Authors: Manuntung Alfeus
Published: August 2020

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus requires treatment and management independently to stop acute and chronic complications. The aim of this study was to research correlation between self efficacy and diabetes self care behavior within the work area of the Pahandut Public Health Center with a correlational descriptive study design employing a cross sectional. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling. Data collection was done by identifying self efficacy and self-care behavior employing a questionnaire. Data analysis using Chi Square. The results showed that the absolute best level of efficacy of Type 2 DM respondents (61.7%), while the extent of self-care of Type 2 DM respondents was low (53.2%). Chi Square data analysis results obtained there's a relationship between self-efficacy and self-care behavior of Type 2 DM patients. Behavioral approaches are often wont to reduce the amount of complications and optimize the standard of lifetime of people with diabetes.

Keywords: self efficacy, self care behavior, Type 2 DM
EVALUASI KINERJA SIMPANG TAK BERSINYAL 3 KAKI PADA SIMPANG JL. S. SUPRIADI-JL. KLAYATAN 3
Authors: Yagu Yohanis Umbu , Taufikkurrahman Taufikkurrahman
Published: August 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan evaluasi terhadap kinerja simpang Jl. S. Supriadi-Jl. Klayatan3 kota Malang dan mengusulkan pengendalian simpang tersebut agar dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan yang terjadi. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan metode IHCM 1997, dimana parameter kinerja yang dievaluasi meliputi kapasitas, tundaan, derajat kejenuhan, peluang antrian dan tingkat pelayanan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Parameter kinerja simpang tak bersinyal yang ditinjau seperti besarnya kapasitas (C), derajat kejenuhan (DS), tundaan (D), peluang antrian dan tingkat pelayanan (LOS) memperlihatkan bahwa kinerja simpang sudah tidak dalam  kondisi baik dengan derajat kejenuhan (DS) lebih dari 0,80 dan level of service (LOS) F. Pengendalian simpang yang diusulkan adalah pelarangan belok kanan pada kaki simpang serta pelebaran kaki simpang. Hasil perbaikan menunjukkan perubahan nilai parameter kinerja simpang walaupun tingkat pelayanan masih pada kategori LOS F.
Ileo-ileal intussusception secondary to an inflammatory fibroid polyp, a case report and a literature review.
Authors: Medina Velasco A , de la Plaza Llamas R , Arteaga Peralta V , López Marcano AJ , González Sierra B , Díaz Candelas DA , Sastre Borregón B , Latorre Fragua R , Ramia Ángel JM
Published: August 2020

Introducción: la intususcepción es el deslizamiento de un segmento de tracto gastrointestinal hacia otro distalmente adyacente, pudiendo alterar el transito gastrointestinal y su vascularización. Es más frecuente en niños y raro en adultos (5-16%), representando en estos últimos 1-5% de los casos de obstrucción intestinal. Una rara causa de esta es el pólipo fibroide inflamatorio (PFI). Presentamos un caso y revisamos la literatura.

Material y métodos: se trata de un caso de intususcepción íleo-ileal causada por un PFI en una mujer de 26 años y realizamos una búsqueda en la literatura (actualizada el 9 de febrero de 2018). Como criterios de inclusión se seleccionaron aquellos pacientes con cuadros de intususcepción de intestino delgado por PFI. Se excluyeron los casos en otras localizaciones.

Resultados: la mediana de edad fue de 45 años con un rango intercuartilítico (RI) de 35-58 años, siendo mas frecuente en mujeres (55%). La localización mas frecuente de los PFI el íleon. La duración de los síntomas hasta la valoración hospitalaria tuvo una mediana de 10 días (RI 3-45 días), presentando una masa palpable abdominal en 22 casos (22%). La tomografía computarizada fue la prueba más utilizada en el diagnóstico. En el tratamiento quirúrgico, la técnica más realizada fue la resección y anastomosis de intestino delgado por laparotomía. La mediana del tamaño del PFI fue de 3,5 cm (RI 3-5 cm).

Discusión y conclusiones: La intususcepción causada por PFI en intestino delgado ha sido descrita en 99 ocasiones en la literatura revisada, considerándose un hallazgo excepcional.
Coping with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Martínez Mojarro R , Escoresca Suárez I , Utrera González A , Balongo García R
Published: August 2020

El temido cáncer anaplásico tiroideo representa un tumor de alta malignidad y letalidad, rápido crecimiento y mal pronóstico con escasos meses de supervivencia al diagnóstico dada su gran capacidad metastásica tanto linfática como hemática, siendo casi constante la aparición de adenopatías metastásicas al diagnóstico. No obstante, la letalidad de este tipo tumoral no se confina únicamente a la capacidad metastásica, sino a la capacidad invasiva local.

Por lo general se trata de un tumor indiferenciado de células grandes que se divide según el tipo celular predominante (carcinoma de células escamosas, de células gigantes y de células fusiformes). Su prevalencia lo sitúa en el 0,9-9,8% de todos los cánceres tiroideos, y aparece mayormente en mujeres de edades comprendidas entre los 65-75 años.

Al diagnóstico aparece en la mayoría de los casos como una tumoración cervical pétrea con síntomas compresivos o infiltrativos asociados y con diseminación tumoral, por lo que supone el cáncer tiroideo de peor pronóstico dado su carácter biológico, describiéndose en series recientes una supervivencia del 30% a los seis meses y del 20% a los doce meses.

Todo esto implica que el carcinoma anaplásico tiroideo supone un tumor de gran complejidad en cuanto al manejo y al tratamiento quirúrgico, que por lo general va a ser de carácter paliativo.
Surgical approaches for minimally invasive thyroid surgery: review of the literature.
Authors: Gonzales Laguado E , Francos Martínez JM , García Barrasa A , Moreno Llorente P
Published: August 2020

La tiroidectomía convencional es el procedimiento estándar y más frecuente para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la glándula tiroides. Con el afán de minimizar o eliminar la cicatriz cervical han surgido diferentes abordajes que han evolucionado con el avance de la tecnología. En las últimas décadas nuevos abordajes quirúrgicos se han desarrollado rápidamente, estos abordajes tienen buenos resultados estéticos, endocrinológicos y oncológicos. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura acerca de los diferentes abordajes y accesos remotos para cirugía tiroidea mínimamente invasiva. Realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed en junio del 2020 y se recuperaron todas las publicaciones en inglés sobre tiroidectomía mínimamente invasiva desde el año 1996. Se identificaron todos los artículos originales potenciales que se centraron principalmente en la tiroidectomía mínimamente invasiva y se revisaron los textos completos. Conclusión: la cirugía de tiroides ha tenido grandes cambios desde que se describió inicialmente hace casi un siglo. Las nuevas técnicas endoscópicas y robóticas mínimamente invasivas han aportado resultados cosméticos, disminución de dolor post operatorio y una morbimortalidad comparable a la tiroidectomía abierta. A pesar de estos avances, creemos que hay que mantener una actitud crítica, cuestionando y evaluando las indicaciones y contraindicaciones actuales para mejorar, desarrollar y obtener excelentes resultados en el futuro.
تأثير تمرينات خاصة في تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية وأداء المهارات الدفاعية الفردية للاعبي منتخب تربية بغداد الكرخ الأولى لكرة اليد
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Jabbar , Al-Sodany Ahmed Khamees
Published: August 2020

هدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على تأثير التمرينات الخاصة في تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية وأداء المهارات الدفاعية الفردية لدى افراد عينة البحث، اذ أستخدم الباحثان المنهاج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعة الواحدة ذات الاختبار القبلي والبعدي، وأختار الباحثان مجتمع البحث بالطريقة العمدية لاعبي منتخبات تربية في محافظة بغداد وعينة البحث تكونت من لاعبي منتخب تربية الكرخ الأولى والبالغ عددهم (12) لاعباً، وتم اختيار عينة البحث والبالغ عددهم (8) لاعبين بالطريقة العشوائية عن طريق القرعة، وبلغت عينة التجربة الاستطلاعية (4) لاعبين، وتم احتساب التجانس لعينة البحث في متغيرات العمر والوزن والطول والعمر التدريبي واستخراج قيمة معامل الالتواء  للدلالة على تجانس عينة البحث، وقد خضعت الوحدات التدريبية للإشراف المباشر من الباحثين وبمساعدة مدرب الفريق، إذ تضمن المنهاج التدريبي (6 أسابيع) خلال مرحلة الإعداد الخاص التي تسبق مرحلة المنافسات، بواقع (3) وحدات في الأسبوع إذ بلغت مجموع الوحدات التدريبية (18) وحدة على طول فترة تطبيق المنهاج. وبعد الانتهاء من تطبيق المنهاج تم إجراء الاختبارات البعدية، إذا تم استخدام البرنامج الإحصائي (SPSS) لمعالجة البيانات إحصائياً من خلال الوسط الحسابي، والانحراف المعياري، واختبار (t-test) للعينات المترابطة، وتم التوصل إلى ان لتطبيق التمرينات تأثير ايجابي في تطوير القدرات البدنية (القوة الانفجارية للذراعين والرجلين، القوة المميزة بالسرعة للذراعين والرجلين)، وكذلك للمنهج التدريبي تأثير ايجابي في تطوير المهرات الدفاعية (المراقبة، حائط الصد في اتجاهين).
تأتير تمرينات الاستجابة الحركية والتوقع الحركي وعلى وفق الانظمة التمثيلية (سمعي – بصري – حسي) في مستوى اداء بعض المهارات الاساسية بالكرة الطائرة
Authors: Mohammed Lilo Deham
Published: August 2020

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تصميم تمرينات خاصة بالتوقع الحركي والاستجابة الحركية وفقا لنوعية النظام التمثيلي الخاص بكل لاعب، سواء كان هذا النظام بصريا ام سمعيا ام حسيا ، والتعرف اي الانظمة اكثر استجابة لهذه التمرينات، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف استخدمت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعتين المتكافئتين، وتكونت عينة البحث من لاعبي المركز الوطني لرعاية الموهبة الرياضية والبالغ عددهم 25 لاعبا باعمار من 14-16 عام تم تقسيمهم وفقا لنوع النظام التمثيلي، واثبتت هذه الدراسة ان تطور قدرات سرعة التوقع الحركي والاستجابة الحركية لا يتاثر بالنظام التمثيلي، ويكون  له دور كبير في دقة الاداء المهاري إذ يستطيع اللاعب التحرك لاستقبال الكرة لحظة ظهور المثير، واستثمار التقليل من زمن الاستجابة اذ ان توقع المثير الوقتي تعمل على بدء عمليات الاستجابة قبل وصول المثير بحيث تحدث الحركة باكملها في نفس الوقت الذي وصل اليه المثير، من خلال التوقع المسبق لمسار زاوية سقوط الكرة واتجاهها، مما ادى إلى تطور مستوى اللاعبين في المهارات بشكل جيد.
تأثير استخدام أنموذج التعلم البنائي في التحصيل المعرفي وتعلم مهارة الدحرجة بكرة القدم لطلاب الصف الثاني متوسط
Authors: Naif Ali Salal , Atia Muhameed Abdul Hussein
Published: August 2020

تكمن اهمية البحث في  تأثير استخدام انموذج التعلم البنائي في تنمية التحصيل المعرفي وتعلم مهارة الدحرجة بكرة القدم لطلاب الصف الثاني متوسط و تطرق الباحثان الى مشكلة البحث من خلال الطريقة المتبعة من قبل المدرس و القائمة على أساس الإمتثال و العمل وفق للأنموذج المتبع (الأسلوب الأمري)، فضلاً عن قلة الإهتمام بالجانب النظري في درس التربية الرياضية لا تتماشى وما يمر به عصرنا اليوم من تطور معرفي الأمر الذي يتطلب البحث و التفتيش عن نماذج وإستراتيجيات للتعلم أكثر تطوراً (كأنموذج التعلم البنائي) وكان الهدف من البحث هو التعرف على   تأثير استخدام أنموذج (التعلم  البنائي) في التحصيل المعرفي وتعلم مهارة الدحرجة بكرة القدم لطلاب الصف الثاني متوسط، واستخدم الباحثان التصميم التجريبي  ذات المجموعتين المتكافئة ( التجريبية والظابطة) ذات الأختبار القبلي والبعدي لملائمته لطبيعة مشكلة البحث وأهدافه ، وتم تطبيق مفردات البحث على عينة البحث البالغ عددها  (30) طالبا، اختير منهم (10) طلاب للتجربة الأستطلاعية ، وقسم الطلاب المتبقين والبالغ عددهم (20) طالبا على مجموعتين احدهما تجريبية تتألف من (10) طلاب والأخرى ضابطة تتألف من (10) طلاب أيضاً، و نفذت كل مجموعة (التجريبية والظابطة) منهجها التعليمي كلأتي المجموعة التجريبية بأنموذج التعلم البنائي المجموعة الظابطة الطريقة التقليدية المتبعة من قبل مدرس التربية الرياضية والبدنية، واستغرقت الدراسة ثمانية أسابيع وتضمنت وحدتين تعليميتين في الأسبوع الواحد لكل مجموعة، زمن الوحدة التعليمية (45) دقيقة. وأستخدم الباحثان الحقيبة الأحصائية (SPSS) وبعض القوانين الأحصائية في تحليل البيانات، وتوصل الباحثان الى العديد من الأستنتاجات وكان أهمها إنّ لإستعمال انموذج التعلم البنائي أثر فعَّال في تنمية التحصيل المعرفي وتعلم مهارة الدحرجة بكرة القدم لدى طلاب الصف الثاني متوسط.
Edificación sustentable y emisiones de CO2: análisis del transporte de arena en Tijuana y Tecate, B.C.
Authors: Álvarez-Andrade Adriana , Ravelo-García Alicia
Published: August 2020

Las arenas son el segundo recurso natural más consumido en el planeta después del agua dulce y superan a los combustibles fósiles y la biomasa. Actualmente se extraen 50 mil millones de toneladas al año, o un promedio de 18 kg por persona al día [1]. Aunque el enfoque del ciclo de vida de los materiales requiere que se cuantifiquen los costos ambientales del proceso constructivo en todas sus etapas, los esfuerzos de agencias de la ONU y organismos internacionales por contabilizar las emisiones de CO2 no han considerado la contribución de los GEI durante el transporte de materiales como la grava y arena y, si lo hacen, los datos están agregados en otros rubros. Más del 60% de los agregados pétreos producidos en Baja California provienen del cauce del arroyo Las Palmas que corre entre Tijuana y Tecate, B.C.; por lo que los efectos ambientales regionales son importantes. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo estimar las emisiones de CO2 durante el transporte de arena utilizando el método de nivel 1 del IPCC y una técnica de aforo vehicular. Se analizó el acarreo desde la zona de extracción, en el arroyo Las Palmas, hasta una estación de transferencia ubicada en el arroyo Alamar. Se identificaron dieciséis tipos de automotores. Para un recorrido de 75 km, se calculó una emisión de 77.7 kg de CO2. Se encontraron emisiones desde 0.8 hasta 8.7 kg de CO2 por tonelada de arena transportada; o su volumen equivalente de 1.3 a 13.9 kg/m3; por lo que los automotores más eficientes en términos de emisiones fueron los de mayor capacidad de carga, La remoción de arenas de los cauces de ríos, además de generar impactos hídricos también contribuye al cambio climático debido al impacto acumulativo de las emisiones de CO2, por lo que se enfatiza en la necesidad de políticas para promover medios de transporte más eficientes para el traslado de materias primas.
O tempo e a forma: a configuração de núcleos urbanos a partir da transformação do parcelamento agrícola. Estudo de caso: Colônia de Caxias/RS
Authors: Piccinato Junior Dirceu , Savaris Dametto Kátia
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o processo de transformação do parcelamento agrícola em urbano da Colônia de Caxias/RS. Tendo em vista a necessidade de povoar as extensas áreas de terras disponíveis no século XIX, houve a criação de imperiosas políticas governamentais que facilitaram o acesso da população estrangeira ao Rio Grande do Sul. A Lei de Terras de 1850, ou Lei nº 601 de 18 de setembro de 1850, dispunha de regulamentações que normatizavam o modo de inserção do colono em terras nacionais, a distribuição de terras públicas e a transformação da terra em mercadoria. A metodologia adotada para este trabalho estrutura-se no levantamento e análises de fontes documentais primárias, como mapas, decretos e relatórios de época. Conjuntamente à sistematização desses dados destaca-se a bibliografia pertinente a temática. O artigo é de caráter exploratório e qualitativo. Além do objetivo geral supracitado, destacam-se como objetivos específicos: compreender o processo, mapear o parcelamento e o saber erudito do responsável pelo traçado urbano. Como resultado alcançado, pondera-se que a ortogonalidade empregada na sede de Caxias tinha como objetivo central facilitar o comércio dos lotes, rurais e urbanos.
O espaço comercial e a satisfação dos utilizadores: uso de realidade virtual imersiva para simulação de alternativas de projeto
Authors: Cardoso Rodrigues Sara Eloy
Published: August 2020

Em arquitetura o diálogo entre o arquiteto e o cliente e os utilizadores finais do espaço projetado é de extrema importância para a concretização de um projeto que responda às expetativas do utilizador. Desse diálogo deve fazer parte uma participação ativa do utilizador final no processo de conceção do projeto que vai aumentar o seu envolvimento com as propostas que se pretendem executar garantindo assim uma maior satisfação deste com o espaço. O presente estudo foi realizado em parceria com um cliente real, a Galp, e tem como foque a elaboração de um projeto de alteração de uma das suas lojas de conveniência, introduzindo novos conceitos para o espaço comercial. Para além da proposta de alterações pretendia-se consultar os utilizadores finais do espaço e avaliar a sua satisfação perante as propostas apresentadas. Para tal optou-se por realizar testes de satisfação com recurso à Realidade Virtual Imersiva (RVI) enquanto método de simulação do espaço. A RVI foi utilizada em testes com os utilizadores finais e permitiu concluir que os inquiridos consideram que as propostas apresentadas valorizam o espaço comercial e a mobilidade dentro da loja. Conclui-se também que o uso de RVI ajuda a um bom entendimento do espaço.
Editorial
Authors: Octavio de Faria e Silva Luis
Published: August 2020

Nesta edição da revista arq.urb, confirma-se mais uma vez a pluralidade das pesquisas realizadas no que diz respeito à Arquitetura em suas várias escalas - o objeto ou conjunto construído, seus componentes, seus processos de projeto, o desenho urbano, o desenho da paisagem, as Políticas Públicas a ela relacionadas etc.[...]
High-cadence Dispersed Spectral Analysis of Supernova Remnant 1987A
Authors: Bray Evan , Burrows David N. , Park Sangwook , Ravi Aravind P.
Published: August 2020

We present an analysis of the dispersed spectral data from 11 epochs (2011 March–2018 September) of supernova remnant (SNR) 1987A observations performed with Chandra. These observations were performed with the High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG) as part of our ongoing Chandra monitoring campaign of SNR 1987A, whose first-order dispersed spectrum provides a significantly greater energy resolution than the previously published zeroth-order spectrum. Our data sets with moderate exposure times of ∼50–70 ks per epoch cover the time period between deep Chandra HETG observations (with individual exposures >∼200 ks) taken in 2011 March and 2018 March. These data have a much higher cadence than the widely spaced deep high-resolution spectra, at the expense of total exposure time. While statistical uncertainties are large due to low photon count statistics in the observed first-order spectra, we find that spectral model parameters are generally in line with the shock wave propagating into the medium beyond the dense inner ring, as suggested by Frank et al. (2016). As the reverse shock begins ionizing the heavier elements of the supernova ejecta interior to the equatorial ring, spectral fit parameters are expected to change as the chemical makeup and physical properties of the shocked gas evolve. Based on our broadband spectral model fits, we find that abundance values appear to be constant in this time period. While our results are somewhat limited due to photon statistics, we demonstrate the utility of the dispersed HETG spectral analysis that can be performed with our regular Chandra monitoring observations of SNR 1987A.
Electromagnetic Ion–Ion Instabilities in Space Plasmas: Effects of Suprathermal Populations
Authors: Shaaban S. M. , Lazar M. , López R. A. , Poedts S.
Published: August 2020

In collision-poor plasmas from space, three distinct ion–ion instabilities can be driven by the proton beams streaming along the background magnetic field: left-hand resonant, nonresonant, and right-hand resonant instabilities. These instabilities are in general investigated considering only idealized proton beams with Maxwellian velocity distributions, and ignoring the implications of suprathermal populations, usually reproduced by the Kappa power laws. Moreover, the existing theories minimize the kinetic effects of electrons, assuming them isotropic and Maxwellian distributed. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, in the present paper we present the results of an extended investigation of ion–ion instabilities, which show that their dispersion and stability properties (e.g., growth rates, wave frequencies, and the unstable wavenumbers) are highly sensitive to the influence of suprathermal populations and anisotropic electrons. These results offer valuable explanations for the origin of the enhanced low-frequency fluctuations, frequently observed in space plasmas and associated with proton beams.
Extracting the Cold Neutral Medium from H i Emission with Deep Learning: Implications for Galactic Foregrounds at High Latitude
Authors: Murray Claire E. , Peek J. E. G. , Kim Chang-Goo
Published: August 2020

Resolving the phase structure of neutral hydrogen (H i) is crucial for understanding the life cycle of the interstellar medium (ISM). However, accurate measurements of H i temperature and density are limited by the availability of background continuum sources for measuring H i absorption. Here we test the use of deep learning for extracting H i properties over large areas without optical depth information. We train a 1D convolutional neural network using synthetic observations of 3D numerical simulations of the ISM to predict the fraction (

) of cold neutral medium (CNM) and the correction to the optically thin H i column density for optical depth (

) from 21 cm emission alone. We restrict our analysis to high Galactic latitudes (

), where the complexity of spectral line profiles is minimized. We verify that the network accurately predicts

and

by comparing the results with direct constraints from 21 cm absorption. By applying the network to the GALFA-H i survey, we generate large-area maps of

and

. Although the overall contribution to the total H i column of CNM-rich structures is small (∼5%), we find that these structures are ubiquitous. Our results are consistent with the picture that small-scale structures observed in 21 cm emission aligned with the magnetic field are dominated by CNM. Finally, we demonstrate that the observed correlation between H i column density and dust reddening (

) declines with increasing

, indicating that future efforts to quantify foreground Galactic

using H i, even at high latitudes, should increase fidelity by accounting for H i phase structure.
On the Production of He+ of Solar Origin in the Solar Wind
Authors: Rivera Yeimy J. , Landi Enrico , Lepri Susan T. , Gilbert Jason A.
Published: August 2020

Solar wind measurements in the heliosphere predominantly comprise protons, alphas, and minor elements in a highly ionized state. The majority of low-charge states, such as He+, measured in situ are often attributed to pick-up ions of nonsolar origin. However, through inspection of the velocity distribution functions of near-Earth measurements, we find a small but significant population of He+ ions in the normal solar wind whose properties indicate that it originated from the Sun and has evolved as part of the normal solar wind. Current ionization models, largely governed by electron impact and radiative ionization and recombination processes, underestimate this population by several orders of magnitude. Therefore, to reconcile the singly ionized He observed, we investigate the recombination of solar He2+ through charge exchange with neutrals from circumsolar dust as a possible formation mechanism of solar He+. We present an empirical profile of neutrals necessary for charge exchange to become an effective vehicle to recombine He2+ to He+ such that it meets observational He+ values. We find that the formation of He+ is not only sensitive to the density of neutrals but also to the inner boundary of the neutral distribution encountered along the solar wind path. However, further observational constraints are necessary to confirm that the interaction between solar α particles and dust neutrals is the primary source of the He+ observations.
The R-Process Alliance: Fourth Data Release from the Search for R-process-enhanced Stars in the Galactic Halo*
Authors: Holmbeck Erika M. , Hansen Terese T. , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M. , Whitten Devin D. , Rasmussen Kaitlin C. , Roederer Ian U. , Ezzeddine Rana , Sakari Charli M. , Frebel Anna , Drout Maria R. , Simon Joshua D. , Thompson Ian B. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Gibson Brad K. , Grebel Eva K. , Kordopatis Georges , Kunder Andrea , Meléndez Jorge , Navarro Julio F. , Reid Warren A. , Seabroke George , Steinmetz Matthias , Watson Fred , Wyse Rosemary F. Ġ.
Published: August 2020

This compilation is the fourth data release from the R-Process Alliance (RPA) search for r-process-enhanced stars and the second release based on “snapshot” high-resolution (R ∼ 30,000) spectra collected with the du Pont 2.5 m Telescope. In this data release, we propose a new delineation between the r-I and r-II stellar classes at

, instead of the empirically chosen

level previously in use, based on statistical tests of the complete set of RPA data released to date. We also statistically justify the minimum level of [Eu/Fe] for definition of the r-I stars, [Eu/Fe] > +0.3. Redefining the separation between r-I and r-II stars will aid in the analysis of the possible progenitors of these two classes of stars and determine whether these signatures arise from separate astrophysical sources at all. Applying this redefinition to previous RPA data, the number of identified r-II and r-I stars changes to 51 and 121, respectively, from the initial set of data releases published thus far. In this data release, we identify 21 new r-II, 111 new r-I (plus 3 re-identified), and 7 new (plus 1 re-identified) limited-r stars out of a total of 232 target stars, resulting in a total sample of 72 new r-II stars, 232 new r-I stars, and 42 new limited-r stars identified by the RPA to date.
African American Adherence to COVID-19 Public Health Recommendations
Authors: Block Ray , Berg Arthur , Lennon Robert P. , Miller Erin L. , Nunez-Smith Marcella
Published: August 2020

By mid-May 2020, most of the United States had been under shelter-in-place orders for several weeks to decrease the spread of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). As states begin to lift these orders to reopen the economy, the risk of a resurgence of COVID-19 may be related to the public's voluntary adherence to public health recommendations. We conducted a nationally representative survey of 604 African Americans to generate a risk assessment based on African Americans' compliance with public health recommendations to frequently wash hands, maintain social distancing, avoid touching face, and wear a mask in public. This is, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive study of African Americans and public health adherence specific to COVID-19. The percent of respondents reporting that they
always
comply with these recommendations was 72%, 67%, 55%, and 65%, respectively. Based on this threshold, African Americans' level of adherence with COVID-19 public health recommendations suggests they may be at high risk of a resurgence of COVID-19 during reopening, and there is an urgent need for targeted, culturally responsive public health messaging that is accessible to communities of color to help address racial disparities in COVID-19 risk.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2020;4(3):e166–e170.]
The Effect of Particle Size Distribution on some Properties of Gypsum
Authors: Thoeny Zainab Abdul Rdha
Published: August 2020

Gypsum is one of the important construction materials in Iraq in plastering surfaces and gypsum board , the ability of gypsum to give a comfortable an aesthetic ambiance as a construction material increase the need of gypsum , The particle size , total surface area and particle size distribution were factors affecting plaster properties used for construction properties . In this study gypsum paste was used with different mixing ratios of particle size and studied the physical properties of these types of pastes named (standard consistency ,setting time ,density) and compressive strength . The results showed that the water to gypsum ratio increased with increasing the fineness of the gypsum to (0.75%) and the setting time to the maximum allowed according to the Iraqi standard (25 minute) when the distribution of particle size between (600-75) microns . Thus ,superplasticizer was used in more fine paste types .There is a direct relationship between setting time and the water to gypsum ratio ,but the setting time decreasing with increasing the fineness of the gypsum when the distribution of particle size between (300-75) microns. There is also a direct relationship between density and gypsum fineness . In terms of compressive resistance , it increases slightly when the particle size distribution is between (900-75) μm and increases significantly (40-42)% relatively to the reference paste with particle size distribution (300-75) μm and superplasticizer additive .Compression strength is also affected by the water to gypsum ratio ,there is an inverse relationship between them.
Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Multiple Openings
Authors: Khalaf Haidar Abdul Wahid , Izzet Amer Farouk
Published: August 2020

The present investigation focuses on the response of simply supported reinforced concrete rectangular-section beams with multiple openings of different sizes, numbers, and geometrical configurations. The advantages of the reinforcement concrete beams with multiple opening are mainly, practical benefit including decreasing the floor heights due to passage of the utilities through the beam rather than the passage beneath it, and constructional benefit that includes the reduction of the self-weight of structure resulting due to the reduction of the dead load that achieves economic design. To optimize beam self-weight with its ultimate resistance capacity, ten reinforced concrete beams having a length, width, and depth of 2700, 100, and 400 mm, respectively were fabricated and tested as simply supported beams under one incremental concentrated load at mid-span until failure. The design parameters were the configuration and size of openings. Three main groups categorized experimental beams comprise the same area of openings and steel reinforcement details but differ in configurations. Three different shapes of openings were considered, mainly, rectangular, parallelogram, and circular. The experimental results indicate that, the beams with circular openings more efficient than the other configurations in ultimate load capacity and beams stiffness whereas, the beams with parallelogram openings were better than the beams with rectangular openings. Commonly, it was observed that the reduction in ultimate load capacity, for beams of group I, II, and III compared to the reference solid beam ranged between (75 to 93%), (65 to 93%), and (70 to 79%) respectively.
Response of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with NSM CFRP Strips
Authors: Gaber Marwa R. , Al-Baghdadi Hayder A.
Published: August 2020

This paper presents a study (experimentally) for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams with Near-Surface-Mounted (NSM) technique. The use of this technique with CFRP strips or rebars is an efficient technology for increasing the strength for flexure and shear or for repairing damaged reinforced concrete (RC) members. The objective of this research is to study, experimentally, RC beams either repaired or strengthened with NSM CFRP strips and follow their flexural behavior and failure modes. NSM-CFRP strips were used to strengthen three RC beam specimens, one of them was initially strengthened and tested up to failure. Four beam specimens have been initially subjected to preloading to 50% and 80% of ultimate load. Two of the specimens were either repaired or strengthened with NSM-CFRP strips. All the repaired/strengthened pre-damaged beams have been tested up to failure by using compression-testing machine. An appropriate-scale model was adopted. All the specimens have a cross-sectional dimension of 150 mm with an effective span of 110 mm. Depends on the experimental results, a better performance of the strengthened concrete specimens was obtained in both strength and serviceability. As a comparison with the control beam specimen, all the repaired specimens show a very good increase of about 40% in the load-carrying capacity and a high improvement in resistance to cracking of about 120% in NSM. On the other hand, the test results of NSM CFRP-strengthened concrete specimens with a preloading of 50% and 80% of the ultimate load show an increase of about 9% to 20% in the load-carrying capacity, for 50% and 80% pre-loading, respectively an improvement in deflection of about 2% to 27% in NSM, for 80% and 50% pre-loading, respectively.