bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Celiac disease is increased in esophageal squamous cell Carcinoma
Authors: Poyrazoglu Bilgehan Omer , Dulger Ahmet Cumhur
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective: The intercourse between Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma etc. (ESC) and Celiac disease (CD) is still a complicated subject. The purpose of this research was to define the relationship between CD and ESC, and the factors associated with CD in patients with ESC.

Methods: This research was conducted by Van University Medical Center in Turkey from 2012 to 2016. CD was identified by analyzing duodenal biopsy materials from 63 ESC patients via histopathologic examinations. Serum samples from the patients were also serologically tested to identify CD. A control group was selected from among subjects who underwent gastroduodenoscopy due to dyspepsia. Distinctions between case characteristics were evaluated with chi-square tests and t-tests for categorical and continuous factors, respectively.

Results: Of the 63 study cases, 6 (9.5%) were both histological and serological positive for CD. Of the 290 control group, 8 (2.8%) had histopathological CD and tested positive for celiac antibodies. The patients with ESC had a significantly higher prevalence of CD compared to the dyspeptic patients (p<0.001). In addition, the mean creatinine levels of ESC patients with histopathological-proven CD were higher than those without CD (p=0.026). Furthermore, ESC patients who tested positive for tTg IgA had significantly higher levels of glucose and AST than those who were negative for tTg IgA (p=0.032) and (p=0.008), respectively.

Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between ESC and CD. Most remarkably, higher creatinine, glucose, and AST levels may predict CD in patients with ESC. These evidences may lead novel approaches for preventing ESC in patients with CD.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.2757

How to cite this:Poyrazoglu OB, Dulger AC. Celiac disease is increased in esophageal squamous cell Carcinoma. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(5):1445-1450. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.5.2757

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes are associated with the risk of episodes of high-level and detectable viremia among HIV controllers
Authors: De Sá Nathalia Beatriz Ramos , Silva Karina dos S. , Ribeiro-Alves Marcelo , Caetano Diogo Gama , Côrtes Fernanda Heloise , de Azevedo Suwellen S. D. , Hoagland Brenda , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Veloso Valdilea G. , Morgado Mariza G. , Teixeira Sylvia Lopes Maia
Published: July 2021

Background: HIV controllers (HICs) constitute a heterogeneous group of HIV-1 individuals able to suppress plasma viremia to low or undetectable levels in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Host genetic factors may be involved in the sustained control of viral replication observed. We investigated the distribution and the potential impact of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-B and -C alleles, killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NLRP3, CARD8 and IL-1β inflammasome genes, and CCR5Δ32 mutation on the viral control among HICs.

Methods: In total, 28 HICs were categorized as persistent elite controllers (PECs, n = 7), ebbing elite controllers (EECs, n = 7), and viremic controllers (VCs, n = 14) according to the level of natural suppression of viremia. HLA alleles were assigned by sequencing-based typing, KIR alleles by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-specific amplification, SNPs by real-time PCR, and the CCR5Δ32 mutation by PCR.

Results: Significant differences were observed in the pairwise comparisons of protective HLA-B alleles, KIR Bx genotype, KIR2DL3 + C1 pair, KIR2DL5, and KIR2DS5 allelic carrier frequencies among the HIC groups. Multivariate models showed that HICs without the KIR2DL3 allele or without KIR2DL3 + C1/C2 pair, with the HLA-C*08 allele or with the NLRP3 rs10754558-G SNP had a higher mean hazard of a viral load above 2,000 copies/mL, while a lower mean hazard of this event was observed for HICs with KIR2DL5, KIR2DS1, KIR2DS5, and KIR3DS1 alleles. Moreover, HICs with the KIR2DS5 allele had less risk of undergoing viral load (VL) blips within the same normalized period than those participants without this allele, while HICs without the KIR2DL3 allele had a mean higher risk of experiencing VL blips.

Conclusions: These results indicate that innate immune mechanisms may play an essential role in modulating the sustained control of viral replication in HICs.
Comparing non-invasive diabetes risk scores for detecting patients in clinical practice: a cross-sectional validation study
Authors: Flynn Sinéad , Millar Seán , Buckley Claire , Junker Kate , Phillips Catherine , Harrington Janas
Published: July 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, thus early identification is of paramount importance. A high proportion of T2DM cases are undiagnosed highlighting the importance of effective detection methods such as non-invasive diabetes risk scores (DRSs). Thus far, no DRS has been validated in an Irish population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the ability of nine DRSs to detect T2DM cases in an Irish population.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1,990 men and women aged 46–73 years. Data on DRS components were collected from questionnaires and clinical examinations. T2DM was determined according to a fasting plasma glucose level ≥7.0 mmol/l or a glycated haemoglobin A1c level ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis assessed the ability of DRSs and their components to discriminate T2DM cases.

Results: Among the examined scores, area under the curve (AUC) values ranged from 0.71–0.78, with the Cambridge Diabetes Risk Score (AUC=0.78, 95% CI: 0.75–0.82), Leicester Diabetes Risk Score (AUC=0.78, 95% CI: 0.75–0.82), Rotterdam Predictive Model 2 (AUC=0.78, 95% CI: 0.74–0.82) and the U.S. Diabetes Risk Score (AUC=0.78, 95% CI: 0.74–0.81) demonstrating the largest AUC values as continuous variables and at optimal cut-offs. Regarding individual DRS components, anthropometric measures displayed the largest AUC values.

Conclusions: The best performing DRSs were broadly similar in terms of their components; all incorporated variables for age, sex, BMI, hypertension and family diabetes history. The Cambridge Diabetes Risk Score, had the largest AUC value at an optimal cut-off, can be easily accessed online for use in a clinical setting and may be the most appropriate and cost-effective method for case-finding in an Irish population.
How district nurses can support team wellbeing during the pandemic and beyond
Authors: Merchant Jayne
Published: July 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has required rapid adaptation of the community nursing service, including the introduction of online communication platforms to prevent COVID-19 transmission among staff. Remote working has protected the workforce in the community from being decimated through team sickness, but has resulted in nurses who are feeling anxious and isolated from their colleagues while experiencing increased workloads, with complex and often emotionally challenging situations. The pressures of community nursing and the associated impact on sickness absence relating to mental health are well documented. The resources made available to support staff wellbeing were increased during the pandemic, but there remains some disparity of access to these resources. There is much that can be done by the district nurse as a leader of a team to ensure that the pressures are managed in a way that promotes team cohesion and mutual respect, while ensuring that open communication about wellbeing is encouraged.
The lived experience of staff caring for women in labour who have a BMI ≥40 kg/m2
Authors: Fairbairn Sarah , McParlin Cath
Published: July 2021

Background

Obesity is a growing health concern nationally and internationally. During the perinatal period, obesity poses increased risks to both mother and fetus; however, few studies consider the challenges staff caring for these women face.

Aims

To explore the lived experience of the staff that provide labour care for women with a BMI≥40 kg/m2.

Methods

A qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with practicing midwives was conducted. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.

Findings

A total of five interviews were conducted and seven themes emerged, namely monitoring the fetal heart and mobilisation, assessing labour progress, different to caring for woman with a lower BMI, emotional issues, opinions regarding women's risk perception, addressing the issue of obesity, and education/training.

Conclusions

Further training would guide staff to deliver timely and appropriate information to women, assisting staff caring for women, particularly in labour, to feel more confident when discussing issues surrounding obesity.
Using Reciprocal Teaching for Improving Students’ Skills in Mathematical Word Problem Solving - A Project of Participatory Action Research
Authors: Kurshumlia Rajmonda , Vula Eda
Published: July 2021

This study aims to present the potential of Participatory Action Research (PAR) to bring together the experiences of teachers and researchers with the intention of improving teaching practices and students’ learning outcomes. Participants in the study were 7 teachers, their 160 fifths grade students, and researchers (authors). Teachers and researchers participated as partners in all collaborative activities during the period of 12 weeks.  All teachers assisted by the researcher (first author) who serves as a teacher at the same school, were involved in implementing the reciprocal teaching method (RTM) in math classes. They examined each step of the implementation of this method in order to investigate whether it has an impact on student achievement in solving mathematical word problems. Teachers observed the work of students in their classes, whereas in the joint meetings they discussed occasional ambiguities as well as issues that were most challenging for them and their students. The results showed that there was a significant improvement of the students’ results in the post-test of the mathematical word problems. The analysis of teachers' reflections highlights the benefits of collaboration within the PAR project, both for students and teachers. The study suggests that the PAR model can be used effectively within school settings as a research model, and as a pedagogical practice.
Caring, Sharing and Giving without any Hesitation: Teacher Educators’ Perceptions and Practices of Citizenship Education at Sultan Qaboos University in Oman
Authors: Al-Maamari Saif
Published: July 2021

Citizenship education has been recognised as a desirable attribute of students both by the educational system and Sultan Qaboos University in Oman. The aims of citizenship education will be difficult to achieve unless teacher educators incorporate citizenship education as a main outcome of their courses. Yet, that mainly depends on their understanding of the meaning of citizenship and what the component is that they ought to develop. The current article aims to analyse the perceptions of teacher educators about citizenship and their related teaching practices. Study adopted a qualitative method to collect the data by interviewing five teacher educators from college of education, Sultan Qaboos University. The findings showed that those educators associated citizenship with patriotism and a personally responsible vision of citizenship. In addition, they reported limited practices pertinent to citizenship education and clearly expressed their need for professional development in citizenship education.  
Student Perceptions of Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Study of Phenomenology
Authors: Purwadi Purwadi , Saputra Wahyu Nanda Eka , Wahyudi Amien , Supriyanto Agus , Muyana Siti , Rohmadheny Prima Suci , Ariyanto Restu Dwi , Kurniawan Shopyan Jepri
Published: July 2021

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic impacted various lines in the international world, including Indonesia. Pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia has also changed multiple performances in multiple sectors, one of which is education. The concept of learning from home changes lecturers' paradigm as educators in tertiary institutions applying online learning. This study aims to identify students' perceptions of the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative research approach with the type of phenomenology. The subject of this study was 22 students in Indonesia who experienced the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research instrument uses semi-structured interview guidelines. Students perceive online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic as (1) ineffective learning activities; (2) unpleasant learning activities; (3) limit self-actualization in education; (4) helping to become an independent person in learning; and (5) fun learning activities. Higher Education should create innovative and creative online learning strategies. Thus, students have a high enthusiasm for online learning.
Assessments on Vocational Knowledge and Skills: A Content Validity Analysis
Authors: Suhaini Mazlili , Ahmad Adnan , Bohari Normila Mohd
Published: July 2021

While previous studies on assessments focused on measurement of principles and constructs, existing attention is given to content validation involving vocational education and skills. The emphasis on content validation has prompted a holistic perspective of teaching and learning to demand alternative research approaches. Using evidence of content validity based on expert judgment and assessment items, this paper argues that vocational knowledge and skills could be determined via constructs and construct functions. Content validity analysis was studied in two major phases, namely, through an assessment of an electrical technology course at a Malaysian higher education institution and expert panels’ examination of items. It was found that to increase confidence in providing reliable instruments for future empirical studies, a careful process in item development and content validity analysis was considered important. Therefore, applying these findings on item analysis and expert panels to reflect content validity can enhance the validity of assessment items.
El golpe de Estado en los discursos de Salvador Allende
Authors: Michaud Maturana Daniel , De Antonio Carmona Juan
Published: July 2021

Esta contribución expone la conceptualización del golpe de Estado que presentan los cinco discursos que Allende dio durante la mañana del 11 de septiembre de 1973. Se analizan las conceptualizaciones del Gobierno, de las Fuerzas Armadas y de la relación entre ambas instituciones desde la perspectiva de la Lingüística Cognitiva. Los resultados muestran, en primer lugar, la conceptualización del gobierno como legítimo y defensor de unos ideales que transcienden el triunfo del golpe militar; en segundo lugar, la conceptualización de las Fuerzas Armadas como una institución que abandona su responsabilidad institucional de defensa del gobierno democrático a favor de los sectores conservadores; y, en tercer lugar, la conceptualización del golpe de Estado como un proceso de desinstitucionalización de las Fuerzas Armadas y de la relación entre las instituciones.
Cartografía de la pandemia en las cárceles
Authors: Sanchez Laura Judith , Gauna Angélica Rossana
Published: July 2021

Este artículo informa sobre la situación de las personas privadas de su libertad en el contexto de la pandemia durante el 2020. A partir de la reconstrucción de algunos datos cualitativos y otros cuantitativos, nos proponemos mostrar las condiciones de detención en las cárceles frente a las recomendaciones de los organismos de derechos humanos de Argentina. Atendiendo a la importancia de los estudios situados, ponemos en diálogo las disposiciones internacionales que sucedieron a partir de la pandemia vinculadas a los lugares de encierro, para luego introducirnos en el caso de Argentina, haciendo especial foco en Córdoba. La idea es recorrer las tensiones que supuso el contexto de emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19, las políticas públicas que se suscitaron para atender la pandemia y las propias condiciones carcelarias.
Entre el petróleo y el medio ambiente: La lucha ambiental de la Corporación Regional Yariguíes-GEAM en Barrancabermeja, Colombia
Authors: Pinzón Guevara Jesús Andrés
Published: July 2021

Con base en las acciones realizadas por la Corporación Regional Yariguíes- GEAM, este artículo propone una interpretación de la lucha ambiental contra el fracking, desarrollada por esta Corporación en Barrancabermeja (municipio del departamento de Santander), desde una perspectiva que integra las nociones de Estructura de Oportunidad Política (EOP), Oportunidad discursiva, Repertorios de acción y teorías sobre la Experticia y los conocimientos legos. El artículo finaliza con la presentación de los resultados del análisis de caso, a partir del cual se concluye que la Estructura de Oportunidad Política exigió el uso de conocimientos expertos para entrar en el terreno de la disputa ambiental, lo cual derivó en la elección de repertorios de acción que permiten la circulación de conocimientos.
Por arte de barrio. Los jóvenes voluntarios de la ‘Y’ y sus acciones colectivas en la Comuna 13 de Medellín
Authors: Franco Pedraza Daniela
Published: July 2021

Este artículo busca mostrar la importancia que tiene la juventud al momento de transformar la comunidad e incidir en ella. Lo anterior, tomando el caso particular de las acciones colectivas que se llevan a cabo por los jóvenes que pertenecen al voluntariado de la ACJ (Asociación Cristiana de Jóvenes) Medellín ubicada en un lugar anteriormente marcado por la violencia como lo es la Comuna 13. En el voluntariado se busca que los jóvenes de la Comuna 13 fortalezcan sus capacidades como individuos estimulando estas a través de metodologías experienciales y metodologías de educación popular de enseñanza. Logrando así, convertir a estos jóvenes en líderes que replican diferentes acciones en cada uno de los barrios de su Comuna.
La memoria carcelaria al servicio de la nueva política sin armas de Sendero Luminoso (2000-2020)
Authors: Encarnación Pinedo Miriam -
Published: July 2021

En el año 1993, el líder del Partido Comunista del Perú-Sendero Luminoso renunció a la lucha armada que, al prolongarse por más de una década (1980-1992), había costado miles de muertos. A partir de ese momento comenzaría la IV etapa o de “lucha política sin armas”. La IV etapa, a través de las organizaciones que predican el pensamiento Gonzalo, pretende la creación de una memoria que se sitúe entre la literalidad y la ejemplaridad, y busca elaborar un hilo narrativo que vincule los maltratos sufridos en prisión durante el Conflicto Armado Interno con la situación que viven actualmente los ex-presos de Sendero Luminoso. Todo ello con la finalidad de abrirse paso entre las diversas memorias en pugna en el Perú. Para corroborar lo enunciado, nos valdremos del análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas realizadas a cinco exmiembros de Sendero Luminoso.
Opinion, Attitudes and Level of Knowledge of Obstetrics and Childcare Students at the University of Antofagasta Regarding the Law on Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy
Authors: Marrodan Marco , Ávila Susan , Castro Dannytza , Colque Camila
Published: July 2021

objetivo: Describir la opinión, actitudes y nivel de conocimiento que tienen los estudiantes de Obstetricia y Puericultura de una universidad pública frente a la Ley de Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo (IVE). material y método. 308 estudiantes de Obstetricia (Universidad de Antofagasta), a quienes se les solicitó opinión y se les midió conocimientos respecto de Ley IVE implementada recientemente en Chile. La información fue recolectada en cuestionario autoaplicado y procesada en una hoja de cálculo Excel. El resguardo ético se realizó a través de consentimiento informado. resultados. De 235 encuestas recibidas se pudo desprender lo siguiente: en relación con conocimientos sobre la Ley IVE, el total de encuestados sabe que en Chile el aborto es legal solamente en tres causales definidas por la ley y logra identificarlas correctamente. Un 18 % cree que las asignaturas de su carrera les proporcionaron información suficiente respecto de la Ley IVE, mientras que un 66 % dice haberse informado mediante la prensa. En relación con opinión y actitudes frente al aborto, un 42 % se declararía «absolutamente a favor». El 91 % de los encuestados opina que la ley IVE es un avance en políticas públicas para Chile. conclusiones. Estudiantes encuestados demuestran una actitud favorable hacia la interrupción del embarazo cuando concurre alguna de las tres causales. Si bien existen potenciales objetores frente a determinadas causales, la mayor parte del grupo de estudiantes tiene una actitud favorable frente a lo que consideran un avance en políticas públicas para el país.
Un modelo ético de salud mental. La ciudadanía como protagonista
Authors: Bernal Sánchez Laura
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer un modelo de salud mental justo, felicitante, corresponsable y autónomo. Puesto que, en la actualidad el consumo es uno de los marcos más relevantes en los que se insertan diversas actividades y se consolidan ciertas identidades, se va a analizar la salud mental como un estilo de vida consumible. Por este motivo, se va a aplicar la propuesta que Adela Cortina realiza sobre el consumo, al modelo de salud de salud mental. Destacando, el papel de la ciudadanía como consumidora y usuaria de la salud que debe ejercitar sus deberes y derechos mediante la reflexión, el diálogo y la deliberación.
Broadband, silicon photonic, optical add–drop filters with 3  dB bandwidths up to 11  THz: publisher’s note
Authors: Hammood Mustafa , Mistry Ajay , Yun Han , Ma Minglei , Lin Stephen , Chrostowski Lukas , Jaeger Nicolas A. F.
Published: July 2021

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.
46, 2738 (2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.423745.
300  attosecond response of acetylene in two-photon ionization/dissociation processes
Authors: Matsubara Takuya , Fukahori Shinichi , Lötstedt Erik , Nabekawa Yasuo , Yamanouchi Kaoru , Midorikawa Katsumi
Published: July 2021

By performing delay scans of two replicas of a few-pulse attosecond pulse train (APT), we investigated two-photon ionization/dissociation processes of

C

2

H

2

. The correlation time of the

C

+

yield is determined to be 300 as, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the shortest correlation time ever obtained in the delay-scan measurement of two APTs. We also extracted the contribution of the resonant excitation from the ground state to a specific excited state of

C

2

H

2
+

leading to C–C bond breaking by performing Fourier analyses of the yield and angular distribution of the

C
H

+

fragment ions, which are also generated within 300 as.
Elementary integrate-and-fire process underlies pulse amplitudes in Electrodermal activity
Authors: Subramanian Sandya , Purdon Patrick L. , Barbieri Riccardo , Brown Emery N.
Published: July 2021

Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a direct read-out of sweat-induced changes in the skin’s electrical conductance. Sympathetically-mediated pulsatile changes in skin sweat measured as EDA resemble an integrate-and-fire process, which yields an inverse Gaussian model as the inter-pulse interval distribution. We have previously showed that the inter-pulse intervals in EDA follow an inverse Gaussian distribution. However, the statistical structure of EDA pulse amplitudes has not yet been characterized based on the physiology. Expanding upon the integrate-and-fire nature of sweat glands, we hypothesized that the amplitude of an EDA pulse is proportional to the excess volume of sweat produced compared to what is required to just reach the surface of the skin. We modeled this as the difference of two inverse Gaussian models for each pulse, one which represents the time required to produce just enough sweat to rise to the surface of the skin and one which represents the time requires to produce the actual volume of sweat. We proposed and tested a series of four simplifications of our hypothesis, ranging from a single difference of inverse Gaussians to a single simple inverse Gaussian. We also tested four additional models for comparison, including the lognormal and gamma distributions. All models were tested on EDA data from two subject cohorts, 11 healthy volunteers during 1 hour of quiet wakefulness and a different set of 11 healthy volunteers during approximately 3 hours of controlled propofol sedation. All four models which represent simplifications of our hypothesis outperformed other models across all 22 subjects, as measured by Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC), as well as mean and maximum distance from the diagonal on a quantile-quantile plot. Our broader model set of four simplifications offered a useful framework to enhance further statistical descriptions of EDA pulse amplitudes. Some of the simplifications prioritize fit near the mode of the distribution, while others prioritize fit near the tail. With this new insight, we can summarize the physiologically-relevant amplitude information in EDA with at most four parameters. Our findings establish that physiologically based probability models provide parsimonious and accurate description of temporal and amplitude characteristics in EDA.
Tendências de mudança na precipitação e na susceptibilidade à seca avaliada pelo Índice de Precipitação Normalizada (SPI) no nordeste de Portugal
Authors: Royer Ana Caroline , Figueiredo Tomás de , Fonseca Felícia , Schütz Fabiana Costa de Araújo , Hernández Zulimar
Published: July 2021

As zonas áridas ocupam boa parte do NE Portugal, região de moderada a severa suscetibilidade à desertificação e seca. A análise de tendência da precipitação, isolada e combinada, e do índice de seca SPI foi realizada em seis estações meteorológicas no NE Portugal (representativas dos climas regionais), no período 1931-2000. A precipitação diminuiu na maioria das estações, de modo mais pronunciado nas áreas mais húmidas, enquanto nas do semiárido se verificou um aumento na precipitação. Tal como no caso da frequência de meses com seca severa e extrema, a frequência de meses secos e húmidos aumentou com o aumento da escala de tempo do SPI (de 1 a 6 meses) e considerando o período de cálculo mais recente (de 1931-1960 a 1971-2000). Os resultados evidenciam uma tendência para o aumento da ocorrência de extremos de precipitação. Estas tendências de mudança na precipitação e seca confirmam um aumento da severidade na suscetibilidade à desertificação que afeta o NE Portugal
Recurso ao Focus Group para identificação de perceções sobre riscos naturais
Authors: Veiga Anabela Quintela Nunes , Mourato Sandra , Anastácio Rita , Quinta-Nova Luís
Published: July 2021

Pretedem-se apresentar, neste artigo, os resultados obtidos através da aplicação da técnica de Focus Group num processo de participação pública e envolvimento da comunidade local dos municípios de Leiria, Ferreira do Zêzere e Ourém no âmbito do projeto CLIMRisk - “Medidas de adaptação às alterações climáticas na gestão dos riscos naturais e Ambientais”. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na discussão de temas de riscos naturais com grupos de trabalho (GT) heterogéneos de até 10 pessoas, representativos da comunidade local. Foram preparadas três sessões por grupo. A informação recolhida nas sessões foi categorizada, codificada e analisada com recurso à ferramenta de análise de dados qualitativos webQDA. Este estudo permitiu identificar as principais preocupações e o nível de envolvimento dos participantes, levando a uma melhor compreensão dos riscos naturais e das medidas de adaptação como contributo para a constituição de materiais de divulgação adequados à população em geral a que se destinam, nomeadamente de um Glossário, de um Manual de Boas Práticas, de um jogo didático e de marcadores de livros.
COMPARISON OF NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION IN THE FRAIL ELDERLY
Authors: KAMO T. , ISHII H. , TAKAHASHI D. , IWAGAYA K. , ISHIDA T. , NISHIDA Y.
Published: July 2021

Background: Body composition is an important component of health related fitness. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive, simple and rapid method of assessing body fat percentage. However, it is unknown whether NIRS can accurately estimate FFM in community-dwelling frail elderly. Objectives: This study aimed to compare NIRS with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in FFM measurement. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Shizuoka, Japan. Participants: The study population comprised 53 community-dwelling frail elderly (15 men, 38 women; mean age 84.8±6.4 years; body mass index 19.7±3.5 kg/m2). Measurement: FFM and percentage fat mass (%FM) were estimated using a NIRS device at two sites (biceps and calf) and compared to body composition measured by BIA. Simple linear regression and Bland–Altman analyses were used to determine agreement between the methods. Results: FFM determined by BIA highly correlated with that determined by NIRS at both the biceps and calf (r=0.92 for both; p<0.001). The correlation coefficients for %FM estimated by NIRS were slightly lower (r=0.70 for biceps; r=0.66 for calf). In NIRS assessments, systematic biases were found for %FM but not for FFM. Conclusion: NIRS has significant potential for body composition analysis. Further comparative and longitudinal studies need to be conducted using an agreed reference analysis method to find a simple and more suitable method that can be applied among the community-dwelling frail elderly.
PROXY-REPORTS IN THE ASCERTAINMENT OF DISABILITY PREVALENCE WITH AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY DATA
Authors: SIORDIA C.
Published: July 2021

Background: Population estimates on disability prevalence inform policy makers and public health professionals. Understanding how factors capable of affecting measurement (e.g., proxy-report) vary in the population is important for establishing level of confidence in sample-derived population estimates. Objectives: To establish how use of proxy-reports varies by six disability types stratified by sex, race-ethnicity, and age group. Specific aim is achieved by investigating the number of proxy-reports used amongst the disable population. Design: Cross-sectional study using American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) 3-year file collected during 2009-2011 survey period. Setting: Community-dwelling population in continental United States (US). Participants: The unweighted count of 6,003,183 individuals in the microdata are said to represent about 193,277,485 individuals in the continental US population. Measurements: Stratified disability period estimates are computed. Amongst the disable: the number of proxy-reports; allocations; and Person Inflation Ratios (PRIs) are presented by disability type. Results: Half of all the reported disabilities are derived through the use of proxy-report. In addition, high rates of item-allocation and PRIs are generally found in race-ethnic minorities. Proxy-report use and PRIs are lower for those aged > 65—but not allocation rates. Conclusions: Although use of proxy report in the ascertainment of disability varies in complex ways, data suggest prevalence of proxy reports is lowest amongst Non-Latino-Black females ages 21 to 64. Efforts toward providing clinicians with high quality descriptive epidemiology should continue as a reliable thermometer for measuring disability in the population is needed.
Policy learning from influenza and the preparedness of the public health sector: 2006/2007 influenza season in Latvia
Authors: Beinarovica Ieva_Daniela
Published: July 2021

Due to globalization and continuous development and mutation and development of various pathogens, infectious diseases have transcended the public health sector and become issues of Global Public Health Security. Influenza – an infectious disease that is both a cyclical, yearly occurrence and the cause of several deadly global pandemics – regularly challenges the public health sector thus providing opportunities for policy learning and evidence bases policy change. By applying the Algorithm for continuous analysis of policy learning and change, this publication investigates whether and how policy learning and change took place in Latvia after the 2006/2007 influenza season, when a record number of infection cases was registered. Although the conclusions of this publication cannot be generalized, it provides valuable insights for future research, especially for the analysis of the management of the Covid-19 pandemic in Latvia.
School-Based Leadership Perspectives on University Partnerships
Authors: Wepner Shelley , Gomez Diane , Quatroche Diana
Published: July 2021

The success of school-university partnerships depends on the leadership. This qualitative study reports on school-based leaders (SBAs) as critical stakeholders in the collaborative process of forming viable partnerships with colleges and universities. It describes SBAs’ responsibilities as partners, motivation for forming their partnerships, perceived benefits and challenges of the partnership, perspectives on forming and sustaining a partnership, and self-reflective comments about their leadership characteristics as an SBA and a partner. Sixteen SBAs, most of whom were school principals, responded to 12 interview questions. SBAs indicated that they have been engaged with Professional Development Schools (PDSs) an average of 10 years. They pursued their partnerships with colleges and universities to help their students, teachers, and schools. Even with the additional responsibilities and any challenges encountered, SBAs found that PDSs provided additional resources and support, collaboration, and opportunities to impact future teachers. SBAs believed that they had the necessary leadership qualities for developing PDSs as vehicles for promoting the profession. They saw themselves as collaborative, visionary, dedicated, organized, striving for excellence, motivational, and supportive. Ideas are presented for creating a leadership profile of SBAs involved in PDSs to establish guidelines for their optimum roles and responsibilities in partnership work.
Los estudios sobre la Unidad Popular en Chile en el nuevo milenio. ¿Están en deuda los historiadores?
Authors: Del Pozo Artigas José , Monsálvez Araneda Danny , Valdés Urrutia Mario
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se examinan los cuestionamientos señalados por algunos historiadores a principios del siglo XXI sobre que estarían en deuda con el estudio del gobierno de Allende y de la Unidad Popular (UP) en Chile (1970-3). Si bien los historiadores han investigado los diversos temas y problemas de ese período con diversa profundidad, hay temas que no se han abordado en su totalidad: por ejemplo, la relación entre socialistas, comunistas y el presidente Allende, y la participación de mujeres de izquierda, nativos y jóvenes en el país. el referido proceso histórico. Sin embargo, este trabajo aborda los aportes sobre el tema realizados principalmente por autores chilenos en libros y artículos sobre la UP, a saber: estudios generales del período, trabajos sobre Allende y algunos de sus colaboradores cercanos, los cambios económicos que afectaron intereses privados nacionales e internacionales, algunos de las fuerzas de Izquierda y Derecha (partidos y movimientos), sectores sociales populares, el Estado golpista, los militares, la cultura y la prensa. Un aspecto novedoso en un número significativo de estos trabajos es el uso de entrevistas con testigos que jugaron un papel significativo o vivieron el período de la UP.
La rebelión permanente: una interpretación de levantamientos mapuche bajo el colonialismo chileno
Authors: Pairican Fernando , Urrutia Marie Juliette
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo busca comprender las rebeliones del pueblo mapuche en una perspectiva de “la larga duración”. Su temporalidad se desarrolla entre la Ocupación de La Araucanía 1861 hasta los últimos sucesos ocurridos en el transcurso del año 2020. Entre ellos, tomamos como determinante los sucesos ocurridos durante la Unidad Popular y en específico el “Cautinazo”, intereptado en este artículo como un lenvatamiento que sintetiza las discusiones y aspiraciones del pueblo mapuche pos Ocupación, repolitizandolas bajo la perpesctiva de las recuperaciones de tierra. Esa experiencia entrega importantes elementos para la creación de un nuevo ciclo de movilización en los albores del siglo XXI que sintetiza la experiencia de la Reforma Agraria. En ese ámbito, la reforma durante la Unidad Popular significó un escenario de levantamiento que desempolvó problemas coloniales como: la construcción de la propiedad privada, usurpación de tierras y arremetida de agricultores. La respuesta de estos último, regeneró las estrategias del movimiento mapuche hasta los albores del siglo XXI.
The Development of Neoliberal Measures of Competitiveness
Authors: Plehwe Dieter
Published: July 2021

Scholars explain the rise of Global Performance Indicators (GPIs) with a confluence of three developments: the turn to neoliberalism, the rise of transnational governance networks and the evolution of information technology and open data sources. Missing in the discussion so far is the creation of new data sources for the specific purpose of index construction. Although indices and rankings are imbued with notions of competition, the literature also does not sufficiently address the conflicting purposes of GPIs in general and the strategic development of GPIs for the purpose of establishing neoliberal norms of competition states. These claims are substantiated by way of tackling the history and development of the Economic Freedom Indices.
Statistical Study of the Influence of Fiber Content, Fiber Length and Critical Length in the Mechanical Behavior of Polymeric Composites Reinforced with Carica Papaya Fibers (CPFs)
Authors: Santos Caroliny , Santos Thiago , Moreira Katia , Aquino Marcos , Lucas Zillio Rubens Fonseca
Published: July 2021

Vegetable fibers are excellent substitutes for manmade fibers because are biodegradables, resistant and sustentables. This article studied the potencial application of Carica Papaya Fibers (CPF) in polymerics composites of natural resin. A simple model of micromechanical analysis was used for prediction of breaking stress, strain and Young’s modulus in composites with short fibers of Carica Papaya with matrix of polyurethane resin obtained from Ricinus Communis vegetable. The fiber content used between 10–35% and fiber length between 3–6%. The analyzes were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the influence of variables on the mechanical properties of each composite produced. The results obtained show that increased in fiber length promoted increase in stress values, while the increase in fiber content favored the increased in the stiffness of the composite.
PjBL-Based Blended Learning Implementation on Energy Topic to Improve the Problem-Solving Skill
Authors: Gestira Mega , Abdurrahman  , Viyanti
Published: July 2021

Blended learning is a new strategy or way in the learning process. Besides face-to-face learning, the learning process should also be carried out in an online manner. Online learning could facilitate teachers and learners to learn anywhere and anytime. It is an appropriate learning strategy and supported by a learning model that could integrate various science disciplines, such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. This research aims to describe the improvement of problem-solving skills on energy via blended learning-based PjBL STEM. Each syntax of the learning consists of five-stage. They are problem solving,  focus the problem, describe the problem in physics description, plan a solution, execute the plan, and evaluate the solution. This research applied an experimental research design with pre-experimental (one group pretest-posttest design). The sample consisted of thirty-five Al-Azhar Islamic SHS 3 Bandar Lampung at X Science 1. The instrument was a problem-solving skill test in the form of an essay. The test results were analyzed with paired sample t-test. Based on the promoted research, the N-gain of experimental group learning outcome was 0.43, categorized moderate. The paired sample t-test hypothesis result obtained the Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) ≤0,05 is 0,00. It showed the improvement of problem-solving skills using the blended-learning-based PjBL STEM model.
«Biohacking»: el transhumanismo de garaje
Authors: Gayozzo Piero
Published: July 2021

El biohacking es un movimiento ciudadano que acerca el conocimiento y la práctica experimental de las ciencias biológicas a un público no especializado. El presente artículo propone visibilizar al biohacking como un tipo de transhumanismo y no solo como un movimiento influenciado por este último. Para ello se analiza la constitución, historia, prácticas y sistema moral del movimiento. Tras comparar los resultados con la definición de transhumanismo, se encontró una semejanza en las hipótesis de ambos y una adaptación de los valores transhumanistas al quehacer biohacker. El resultado fue la identificación del biohacking como un tipo de transhumanismo.
Virtual laboratories as strategy for teaching improvement in Math Sciences and Engineering in Bolivia
Authors: Vargas Francisco Javier Triveno , Alvarado Hugo Siles
Published: July 2021

STEM education is a strategy based on four disciplines (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), integrated in an innovative interdisciplinary approach. Although, the concept of STEM education is more relevant today, the discussion of a teaching model with special attention in the four subjects aforementioned began in the early 2000s. Taking into account this context, the strategy presented in this paper has been disseminated in Boliviaâ€™s main universities for the last five years. A country that has not yet managed to associate basic disciplines such as calculus, matrix algebra, and/or differential equations to solve problems of an applicative nature, that is, to establish the link between theory and practice. To establish the connection, it is necessary to deduce differential equations associated with practical problems; solve these equations with numerical methods, appeal to the simulation concept to later introduce programming languages like Python/VPython to build virtual laboratories. The classical problem addressed for this purpose is the satellite of two degrees of freedom.
Atividades de robÃ³tica como prÃ¡tica de transformaÃ§Ã£o social
Authors: Souza JoÃ£o AntÃ´nio Vargas de , Schlemmer Eliane
Published: July 2021

O objetivo geral deste artigo Ã© apresentar a importÃ¢ncia da robÃ³tica bem como do desenvolvimento de robÃ´s para serem utilizados por alunos do ensino fundamental. AlÃ©m discutir a mediaÃ§Ã£o pedagÃ³gica neste contexto. A razÃ£o do desenvolvimento deste trabalho centra se dÃ¡ na necessidade de estudos sobre a RobÃ³tica no ambiente educacional e suas redes de relaÃ§Ãµes com foco na aprendizagem dos educandos e na necessidade de uma mudanÃ§a na cultural da escola. A metodologia deste trabalho estÃ¡ baseada no mÃ©todo cartogrÃ¡fico de pesquisa e intervenÃ§Ã£o que, ao invÃ©s de buscar um resultado ou conclusÃ£o, procura acompanhar o processo, buscando estabelecer relaÃ§Ãµes. Assim, iniciamos cartografado a mediaÃ§Ã£o pedagÃ³gica entre os professores e alunos das escolas municipais de ViamÃ£o, a EMEF Residencial Figueira e a EMEF Sargento Manoel Raymundo Soares. Com a finalidade de compreender a mediaÃ§Ã£o pedagÃ³gica das atividades de robÃ³tica inventiva para construÃ§Ã£o de robÃ´s para as competiÃ§Ãµes da II Mostra Municipal de RobÃ³tica do MunicÃ­pio ViamÃ£o - Rio Grande do Sul. Dos resultados, podemos destacar que os educandos busquem aprimorar seus conhecimentos em Ã¡reas afins, como por exemplo, na fÃ­sica, matemÃ¡tica, eletrÃ´nica, programaÃ§Ã£o e mecÃ¢nica. Assumindo uma postura inventiva e ativa, alÃ©m disso, oportuniza aos estudantes construÃ­rem nÃ£o sÃ³ conceitos, habilidades, mas tambÃ©m, valores e ideais de modo a contribuir com a sociedade. Tornando-os cidadÃ£os autÃ´nomos, independentes e responsÃ¡veis.
GamificaÃ§Ã£o e realidade aumentada em processos de ensino-aprendizagem: uma revisÃ£o sistemÃ¡tica da literatura
Authors: Rosa Junior Orlando , Oliveira Tiago de , Zorzal Ezequiel
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma RevisÃ£o SistemÃ¡tica da Literatura (RSL) sobre o uso da GamificaÃ§Ã£o e da Realidade Aumentada aplicadas na EducaÃ§Ã£o. A RSL possibilitou o mapeamento e o conhecimento do estado atual dos estudos correlatos. Foram analisados 30 artigos relacionados ao estado da arte. A partir da anÃ¡lise, verificou-se que nÃ£o hÃ¡ uma metodologia especÃ­fica de avaliaÃ§Ã£o do aprendizado quando se aplica as ferramentas de Realidade Aumentada e GamificaÃ§Ã£o. Com base na estrutura de uma RSL, elaborou-se um protocolo para a revisÃ£o, bem como critÃ©rios de inclusÃ£o e exclusÃ£o. A partir da seleÃ§Ã£o das 30 publicaÃ§Ãµes, foi realizada uma extraÃ§Ã£o dos dados e atribuiÃ§Ã£o de pontuaÃ§Ã£o aos artigos, com base em critÃ©rios de extraÃ§Ã£o. Elaborou-se, por fim, uma anÃ¡lise dos resultados, visando responder as questÃµes de pesquisa estipuladas neste estudo. Percebeu-se que a falta de conhecimento de programaÃ§Ã£o Ã© tambÃ©m um fator que dificulta o avanÃ§o das pesquisas, visto que o pesquisador deve saber desenvolver a aplicaÃ§Ã£o ou ter em sua equipe alguÃ©m que tenha competÃªncia para tal. Por fim, apresentamos os comparativos e anÃ¡lises dos estudos no intuito de obter respostas baseadas nas questÃµes de pesquisa desenvolvidas.
The Potential of Wind Energy and Design Implications on Wind Farms in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Naqash Muhammad Tayyab , Aburamadan Mohammad Hasan , Harireche Ouahid , AlKassem Abdulrahman , Farooq Qazi Umar
Published: July 2021

Climate change and natural resource depletion are likely to affect the future economic development of a country. The generation of power from oil and gas is among the major causes of reserves depletion and global warming. However, renewable energy is also deemed a clean and green choice for power generation to promote sustainability in engineering. The coastal lines of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are widely extended, and wind energy appears to be a viable alternative to traditional sources, which needs to be investigated as it is highly desirable to seek energy from renewable energy sources, for instance, wind. This paper is aimed at addressing the wind energy potential along the Red Sea coast of KSA. Afterward, a suitable wind turbine based upon careful structural analysis has been proposed, which would form a basis, especially during the machine selection and design phases. For this purpose, seven different sites located along the coastal line, namely: Al Wajh, Umluj, Yanbu, Rabigh, Jeddah, Haddad, and Gizan, were initially selected to assess the wind energy availability. After that, a suitable turbine is recommended for yielding maximum output. It has been found from the reconnaissance that Al Wajh has sufficient land availability that receives high perennial wind speed, alongside shallow offshore water depth for monopile installation. Hence, this site is recommended for the development of a wind farm. Furthermore, turbines need to be installed at the height of almost 100 m to produce maximum energy to appropriately utilize the available indigenous wind energy. It is pertinent to mention that the superstructure of the turbines is designed based on the local loading conditions (wind, currents, waves, etc.) of the Al Wajh region. Also, the monopile substructures are proposed in the selected area in accordance with the available bathymetry.