bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto del tiosulfato de plata sobre la embriogénesis somática y la semilla artificial de caña de azúcar
Authors: Nieves Nadina , Cid Mariela , Pina Danilo , Lezcano Yarianne , Torne José María
Published: May 2024

El trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia del tiosulfato de plata (STS) sobre la embriogénesis somática y la semilla artificial de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) var. CP-5243 y su relación con los mecanismos de acción del etileno. Los callos se obtuvieron a partir de segmentos de 1 cm de hojas de plantas de campo. Se aplicó 7 μmol l-1 de STS. En todas las etapas de desarrollo del embrioide, excepto en los germinados, el STS superó al control en el proceso de diferenciación, mientras que en la semilla artificial tuvo un efecto adverso sobre la calidad de la germinación de los mismos. Los niveles de acumulación de Ag3+, causados por el STS, no debieron sobrepasar el umbral de tolerancia para la embriogénesis somática, pero se acumularon en niveles tóxicos dentro de la cápsula de alginato.
Acumulación de arsénico en el cultivo de habas (Vicia faba)
Authors: Prieto García Francisco , Callejas Hernández Judith , Román Gutiérrez Alma D. , Prieto Méndez Judith , Gordillo Martínez Alberto J. , Méndez Marzo María A.
Published: May 2024

La presencia de arsénico en aguas y suelos de Zimapán, en el estado de Hidalgo, México, causa que los cultivos de haba presenten concentraciones apreciables de dicho elemento. Los suelos evaluados presentaron texturas, conductividad, contenidos de N y de arsénico diferentes, pero resultados similares en pH, potencial redox, y contenido de materia orgánica. La elevada bioacumulación de arsénico en estos suelos fue directamente proporcional al tiempo de exposición. Las concentraciones de arsénico acumuladas más altas se obtuvieron en la raíz, el tallo, y las hojas, respectivamente. Concentraciones de 4 mg l-1, fueron letales para el cultivo; el fenómeno se apreció a partir de la etapa III de desarrollo, con la aparición de daños en las raíces y un fuerte efecto en la floración, que inhibió la formación de vainas.
Dismnución en la incidencia de mastitis en ganado vacuno con la aplicación de un sellador de barrera experimental
Authors: Fernández María Laura , Ramírez Juan Pablo , Cháves Carolina , Arias María Laura
Published: May 2024

La mastitis es la enfermedad más común y costosa del ganado lechero en la mayor parte del mundo, causada principalmente por bacterias u otros organismos. Para tratar de controlar este tipo de infecciones, se utiliza un sellador después del ordeño. En general, estos selladores son a base de soluciones yodóforas y tienen un control efectivo en infecciones intramamarias recurrentes; no obstante, no contribuyen significativamente en la disminución de patógenos ambientales. Un sellador de barrera puede resultar más útil en el control de la mastitis causada por patógenos ambientales, ya que proporciona una barrera física sobre el orificio del pezón. El propósito de este trabajo fue determinar la eficacia de un sellador de barrera experimental, nuevo en el mercado, en la prevención de infecciones intramamarias en ganado vacuno. Se realizó una comparación de las infecciones intramamarias que ocurrieron en un hato control tratado con un sellador convencional, con otro grupo experimental, tratado con un sellador de barrera a lo largo de 10 semanas. El producto evaluado resultó ser un 75% más efectivo en la prevención de infecciones intramamarias recurrentes que el sellador convencional control. Se observó que el sellador de barrera disminuyó en un 66% las infecciones recurrentes causadas por Staphylococcus aureus y en un 100% las causadas por coliformes fecales, por lo que su uso reduciría el riesgo de infección. Esto implicaría un aumento en la producción de leche y una disminución en los costos veterinarios y de manejo.
Estimación del impacto del programa de transferencias condicionadas “Avancemos” sobre la educación
Authors: Venegas-Cantillano Alonso , Barrantes Cristina , Lentini Valeria , Robalino Juan , Paredes Saúl , Oviedo Carballo Luis Ángel
Published: May 2024

Evaluamos el impacto del programa de transferencias condicionadas de efectivo “Avancemos” sobre la asistencia de jóvenes entre 12 y 19 años, al sistema educativo formal de secundaria, en Costa Rica. Utilizando datos de panel de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares de 2015 a 2018, implementamos un modelo de efectos fijos para eliminar fuentes de sesgos relacionados a diferencias en las características de los estudiantes, que no varían en el tiempo. Mediante el método de diferencias en diferencias, encontramos impactos positivos sobre la asistencia de 16 puntos porcentuales. Los resultados fueron robustos cuando se examinaron diferentes subconjuntos de años y cuando se implementó un modelo de efectos aleatorios. Encontramos efectos mayores en hombres, en zonas rurales y en el III ciclo (7-9 grado) del sistema educativo. Además, los efectos de Avancemos en reinserción son más altos que en permanencia. Estos resultados aportan evidencia acerca de los efectos positivos que el programa Avancemos tiene sobre la educación y sobre la oportunidad que existe para aumentar esos impactos.
Science Diplomacy as Assessed by Heads of Representative Offices of the Russian Federation in Switzerland
Authors:   MGIMO University, Antyukhova Ekaterina , Kuznetsov Igor ,   Consulate General of Russia in Geneva, Olshanskaya Vlada ,   Russian Embassy in Switzerland
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The article analyses the relevant content of the “science diplomacy” concept and describes the key trends of its implementation, taking into account the points of view of current Russian diplomats on the problem. Science diplomacy is becoming a relevant area of diplomatic activity under the conditions of modern globalization processes. As an important area of the activity of the state, it implies not only the establishment of effective science cooperation with other countries but also optimal use of its own scientific potential with a view to upholding the national interests and improving the image of the state. Methods and materials. The authors have reviewed a number of expert points of view from modern researchers. Based on the use of general and special scientific methods, some important conclusions have been drawn concerning the specifics of the development and relevant content of science diplomacy. By comparing and systematising the empirical data obtained from a number of sources, some scientifically significant directions of state activity in this area have been determined. Analysis. By summarising cases from diplomatic practice, the authors seek to determine the role of science diplomacy in the implementation of the current foreign policy tasks of the Russian Federation. According to the results of interviews with S.V. Garmonin, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation in the Swiss Confederation, and A.B. Dorovskikh, Consul General of Russia in Geneva, the basic principles of the practical filling of the “science diplomacy” concept in the activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are formulated. Results. The authors come to the conclusion about the consistent improvement of the forms and methods of implementing the scientific direction of Russian diplomacy. At the same time, against the background of a deterioration of the international environment and the politicisation of many areas of international cooperation by the countries of the collective West, there exists the task of further improving the effectiveness of the activities of Russian diplomatic structures to defend the scientific and technological sovereignty of the country. Authors’ contribution. E.A. Antyukhova wrote the sections “Introduction” and “Results,” participated together with V.D. Olshanskaya in writing the section “Materials and Methods,” and prepared the final scientific edition of the text of the work. I.V. Kuznetsov developed the concept of the article and the questionnaire for the interview. V.D. Olshanskaya and E.A. Antyukhova wrote the sections “Analysis” and “Materials and Methods” and also acted as an interviewer.
Donskoy/Donetsk Cossack Town: One or Two Settlements?
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Prudnikov Yaroslav
Published: May 2024

Introduction. In the presented article, based on a comprehensive analysis of historical sources and historiographical material, an attempt was made to understand the problem regarding the existence of a specific Cossack town. In the historical literature, there is an opinion about the existence of two Cossack towns in the Middle Don region, within the modern Voronezh region, with the names “Donskoy” and “Donetsk.” However, not all researchers agree with this. They are talking about a town known by two names. Methods and materials. The study used historical-comparative, historical-genetic, and synchronous and diachronic methods of analysis. The source base of the research was the “skaski” of the Don Cossacks and atamans, the letters of the tsarist government to the Don, the diaries of P. Gordon and Ya. Markovich, cartographic material, lists of Don Cossack towns, replies of voivodes, as well as embassy books. Analysis. In 1676, on the left bank of the Don, between its left tributaries Tolucheyevka and Kazanka, near the mouth of the latter, a Donetsk town was founded, so named after the Sukhoi Donets River. After its destruction in 1708, the Donskoy Monastery was founded on the right bank of the Don, which, with the light hand of V.N. Tatishchev, began to be identified with the Don Cossack town that allegedly existed at this place. Yet, there is no mention of any Donskoy town in the first of the surviving paintings of Cossack towns for 1593. However, Donetsk town is well known not only from written sources but also from historical maps from the end of the 17th century. Results. It is safe to say that the mounted Don Cossacks had one town called “Donetsk.” The historical sources at our disposal do not report anything about the existence of the “Donskoy” town.
“Poselitel” Yakov Zhidkov and His Malorussian Slobodas: An Event from the History of Governmental Colonization of the Lower Volga Region in the 1720s
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Astafyev Evgeny
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The article is a special study of the history of the Malorussian settlements founded by Yakov Zhidkov. After the completion of the Tsaritsyn line, Peter the Great allowed him to settle the lands between the Volga and Ilovlya rivers with Malorussians (Cherkasy). Methods and materials. This topic was mainly touched upon in the works of Saratov and Volgograd historians and local historians. The author of the article introduces into scientific circulation the office materials of the Census Offices of the First Audit, the Supreme Privy Council, the Governing Senate and the Astrakhan Provincial Chancellery. Analysis. It has been established that the Malorussian settlements inhabited by Zhidkov in 1722, contrary to all regulations, very quickly began to be replenished by runaway Velikоrussian peasants, which caused discontent among the landlords. As a result, Peter the Great’s successors were forced to abandon this practice. In the end of 1728 – beginning of 1729, all the settlements were destroyed, the fugitive Velikоrussian peasants were returned to their owners, and Malorussian were sent home. Results. The government colonization of the lands beyond the Tsaritsyn line by resettling the Malorussians there quickly turned into a popular colonization, which the St. Petersburg authorities had to stop. In the same year, outposts of the Cossacks of the Malorussian Sloboda regiments were temporarily placed to protect empty territories along the Volga. A few years later, the territories between the Volga and Ilovlya were settled by Cossacks transferred by the government from the Don and their families, who formed a new Volga Cossack army. The duties of the voist included the capture of robbers, fugitive peasants and soldiers, as well as countering the “thievish” raids of nomads.
Capital Construction in the USSR River Transport Industry by the Great Patriotic War (The Volga Steamship Lines Case)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Gomanenko Olesya
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The article is about capital construction in the Volga River transport industry at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. In the mid-1930s, the Upper, Middle, and Lower Volga autonomous steamship lines were organized. At that time and up until the beginning of World War II, infrastructure facilities were intensively erected in the Volga river transport industry. Methods and materials. The study is based on objective principles and applies general scientific as well as specific historical methods. Research is done using archival materials. Analysis. In the second half of the 1930s, the material base of the Volga steamship lines was reconstructed. Capital construction in river transport included new shipbuilding, major fleet repairs, the building of pier facilities, and the acquisition of equipment. The goal of the study is to establish the capital investments in the Volga Steamship Lines and the general situation of capital construction in the river transport industry. The planned and actual data before the Great Patriotic War are considered in detail. Results. Capital construction in the Soviet river transport industry (the Volga included) in the second half of the 1930s suffered from interruptions, underfinancing, shortages of building materials, and bad planning. For those reasons, many construction projects got delayed. Besides, the outdated equipment of river transport needed a larger investment to be renovated, as it was much inferior to that of railway transport. All of that affected the work of the Volga Steamship Lines at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
Commercial Trade in the System of Public Catering of the Stalingrad Region in 1944–1947
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Lunochkin Andrei
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The article deals with the creation and development of a commercial trade system in public catering in the city of Stalingrad and the Stalingrad region at the end of the Great Patriotic War and in the first post-war years. Methods. In this study, historical-descriptive (idiographic), historical-genetic, and historical comparative methods, as well as quantitative methods, were used in the examination of newspaper sources. Analysis and results. In order to replenish the budget and meet the demand of the population, already in the spring of 1944, free trade in alcoholic beverages began in the canteens of Stalingrad. In the spring and summer of 1945, the first restaurants and commercial halls at canteens opened in the city. The opening of commercial tea houses in the system of state and cooperative trade became widespread in early 1946 after the decrees of the USSR government were issued. This process took place in the face of an acute shortage of inventory, kitchen equipment, and utensils. A feature of Stalingrad was the complete lack of premises for new catering establishments. As a rule, commercial tea houses were opened at or instead of existing canteens. Since a significant part of the products for commercial tea houses were purchased from collective farms and the population at market prices, the cost of even the simplest dishes was 8–10 times higher than in ration canteens. Procurement of products occurred with difficulty due to the priority of mandatory supplies of agricultural products to the state. After the drought in 1946, even commercial tea houses and restaurants limited the sale of bread. At the same time, there was a second wave of the establishment of commercial restaurants and cafes. In 1947, commercial canteens with a small selection of dishes appeared, occupying a middle position between restaurants and tea houses. Having completed the task of attracting funds from the population, commercial catering enterprises, at the same time, did not become centers for cultural leisure. Most of the teahouses were located in adapted premises that needed repair and were poorly maintained. The assortment of dishes was not maintained, and violations of technology and theft by workers flourished. Most of the profits came from the sale of purchased goods, primarily alcoholic beverages.
Advances and perspectives in engineered cementitious composites: a comprehensive review
Authors: Barbhuiya Salim , Das Bibhuti Bhusan , Adak Dibyendu
Published: May 2024

Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) have garnered significant attention within the construction industry, owing to their exceptional mechanical properties and durability. This thorough review presents a meticulous analysis of the progress and prospects in ECC research. It begins by introducing the background and rationale for investigating ECCs, while outlining the objectives of the review. The review provides an encompassing overview of ECCs, encompassing their definition, characteristics, historical development, composition and constituent materials. Emphasis is placed on the examination of ECCs’ mechanical properties, specifically their flexural behaviour, tensile behaviour, compressive strength and resistance to environmental factors. Furthermore, the rheological properties of ECCs, including workability, flowability, self-healing, crack mitigation, viscosity and thixotropy, are discussed in detail. The review delves into the influence of fibre reinforcement on ECCs, encompassing the types of fibres utilised and their impact on mechanical and structural properties, as well as fibre dispersion and orientation. Additionally, it explores the diverse applications of ECCs across various fields, such as structural applications and sustainable building practices. The challenges and limitations associated with ECCs, such as cost and availability, are addressed, alongside an exploration of future trends and research directions.
Development of Soil Cohesion and Friction Angle Models Using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Statistical Techniques
Authors: Bery Andy Anderson
Published: May 2024

The multiple linear regression (MLR) soil strength models developed from electrical resistivity tomography and seismic refraction tomography are presented in this paper. The multiple linear regression method was used to estimate two dependent values, namely soil cohesion and friction angle, based on the values of two independent variables, namely resistivity and velocity. These parameters were regressed using regression statistics to create a multiple linear regression model using SPSS software. At the first stage, the MLR model results were needed to be evaluated to avoid bias. In this stage, the MLR for both soil cohesion and friction angle were checked for the coefficient of multiple determination, significance level (p-value), and multicolinearity. The next is the second stage, where the accuracy assessment of the MLR models was validated using root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the statistical analysis. Based on the results of these analyses, the newly soil strength models from the geophysical data set for the near-surface study were successfully created. The soil strength models developed using MLR are reliable for imaging the subsurface in two-dimensional form, covering a larger area than the traditional method rather than laboratory tests, especially a large number of samples for site investigation.
Geochemical Provenance, Source Area Weathering, and Tectonic Setting of the Bida Sandstone in the Northern Bida Basin, Northcentral Nigeria
Authors: Odigo Vincent , Sambo God’swill Nathan
Published: May 2024

This paper aims to determine the geochemical provenance, source area weathering, and tectonic setting of the Bida sandstone exposed at Doko and Jima in the Northern Bida Basin, Northcentral Nigeria. Geological fieldwork was carried out and sandstone samples were collected and analyzed for major element concentrations using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method. Major element abundance shows that the studied sandstone samples consist of SiO2 (average 71.42%), Al2O3 (average 15.16%), and CaO (average 0.26%) constituting about 90% of the bulk rock composition. While P2O5, Na2O, K2O, MgO, TiO2, MnO, and Fe2O3 constitute about 10% of the composition. The results obtained using the Al2O3/TiO2 ratios show that the sandstones derived from intermediate to felsic igneous rocks. The A-CN-K triangular diagram shows that majority of the analyzed samples plotted on the aluminum zone towards kaolinite shows predominantly intermediate degree of weathering except for one sample which falls towards the CN-K line, indicating the different degree of weathering (perhaps an existence of differential weathering in the area). The source area weathering indices which include CIA (68.6%), CIW (71.20%), and PIA (54.66%) further confirms that the sediments have been subjected to intermediate weathering. The K2O/Na2O versus SiO2 tectonic setting discriminant plot shows that the samples are dominantly deposited in the passive margin setting. It is, therefore, concluded that the Bida sandstone analyzed was sourced from predominantly felsic igneous rocks where the degree of chemical weathering was intermediate and in the passive margin setting.
Leipzig 1984, Herbstsalon
Authors: Bertelé Matteo
Published: May 2024

Leipzig, 10.November 1984 – im Messehaus am Markt passiert etwas Unerhörtes. Eine Künstlergruppe um Lutz Dammbeck, Günther Firit, Frieder Heinze, Hans Hendrik Grimmling, Günther Huniat und Olaf Wegewitz ruft den Ersten Leipziger Herbstsalon aus. Der Andrang des Publikums ist groß, an die zehntausend Besucher stromern in den Herbsttagen der späten DDR durch die Hallen. Aber auch das Echo des Staates bleibt nicht aus. Die Sicherheitsbehörde brandmarkt die Initiative der Künstlergruppe wegen ihrer «‹negativ-feindlichen› Einstellung» als «konterrevolutionäre» Aktivität. Der Kunsthistoriker Henry Schumann erinnert sich, dass die Ablehnung der Ausstellung durch die Hardliner der Partei nur am Rande durch die ausgestellten Exponate begründet war. Was war es dann, das die harsche Reaktion des Staates provozierte?
Wieckhorst, Spiegelungen verletzbarer Räume
Authors: Poggi Isotta
Published: May 2024

«Sich ein Bild machen» – von der unabhängigen Kunstszene, und dieses Bild zugleich wieder in den Dialog ziehen und mit dem Widerspruch der Kunst konfrontieren –, dazu laden die Begegnungen mit den Fotoserien von Karin Wieckhorst ein. Unter den Fotokünstlern der DDR ist die Künstlerin, die fünf Jahrzehnte als dokumentarische Fotografin für das Museum für Völkerkunde in Leipzig tätig war, immer noch eine der weniger bekannten.
Die neuen Graswurzelavantgarden
Authors: Scheller Jörg
Published: May 2024

Die Kamera blickt von schräg oben auf zwei nackte, boxende Männer. Das flackernde Bild eines 8-mm-Films zeigt sie in einem kleinen Zimmer, wie sie sich umkreisen, wie sie ihre Fäuste schwingen, wie sie sich wegducken, wie ihre Körper einander durchdringen. Wer boxt gegen wen? Nicht zwei, sondern ein Mann kämpft hier, gegen sich selbst. Der rumänische Künstler Ion Grigorescu nutzte die Technik der Doppelbelichtung, um im Schatten der Ceauşescu-Diktatur in seiner Privatwohnung jene Experimente durchzuführen, die im öffentlichen Raum verboten waren. «Boxing» ist ein exemplarisches Dokument der Untergrundkunst aus der kommunistischen Ära Mittelosteuropas, als das Private in einem sehr viel unmittelbareren Sinn politisch war als in den immer wiederkehrenden Phrasen und Slogans der westlichen Demokratien der Nachkriegszeit.
Practical Mechanisms for Implementing Measures to Combat Extremism
Authors: Alfyоrov Stanislav
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the practical mechanisms for implementing measures to combat extremism. In fact, extremism has become something of a “plague” in the modern realities of humanity. An indefinite number of people, society, the state, and the world community may suffer from extremist activities. The information and telecommunication network «Internet» contributes to the spread of extremist ideas. Today the World Wide Web is the main information and propaganda channel practically of all international and national extremist organizations and groups. Paying considerable attention to this challenge, the author gives a list of measures to prevent the spreading of extremist ideology in the information network. The analysis of the regulatory framework on the issues under study allowed the author to conclude that there is weak interaction between the bodies designed to carry out the prevention and fight against extremism. To change the negative trend, it is necessary further to improve the legislative framework of the state regulating the activities of competent organizations, its focus on ahead of possible illegal actions in this area. In the context of the multinational nature of the Russian state, there is also a need to intensify explanatory and propaganda work aimed at preventing extremism in the field of interethnic and interreligious relations. The education of the younger generation of traditional spiritual and moral values, raising the level of education of the population and civic culture, citizens’ welfare should also be considered as essential components of preventive work in the fight against extremism and its manifestations.
Resistance and Ways of Overcoming It in the Investigation of Fraud in Utility Services
Authors: Rezvykh Roman
Published: May 2024

The author examines the patters of resistance to the investigation of fraud in the sphere of utility services, as well as of identifying and overcoming it. The problem is highly relevant as the scope of resistance to the investigation of such crimes is growing year by year, and new schemes aimed at disorganizing criminal investigations are invented. Contemporary criminal procedure legislation cannot fully resolve the existing problems in the opposition of the preliminary investigation bodies, on the one hand, and the unscrupulous participants of criminal proceedings, on the other. Due to this, the goal of the research is to analyze the specific features of investigating and solving fraud in the sphere of utility services in the situation of resistance to the investigation, as well as to identify the measures of overcoming it through a full reflection of the characteristic features of resistance to the investigation, and studying the practice and problems connected with it. This research is mainly aimed at identifying the typical problem situations in the work of the investigator, at studying and analyzing them from the standpoint of criminal procedure regulation, as well as at presenting the procedural means of neutralizing resistance. The article offers detailed practical recommendations on preventing the situations of resistance to the preliminary investigation, as well as the neutralization of their harmful impact.
The Problem of Defining Insurance of Business and Financial Risks in Russian Legislation
Authors: Andreeva Elena , Kovtun Lira
Published: May 2024

The development of Russian insurance legislation is associated with the presence of certain differences in the legal regulation of the insurance business; in particular, there is the problem of classifying certain types of insurance: business insurance and financial risk insurance. The purpose of the study is to consider sequentially the main stages of the development of insurance legislation in terms of insurance of business and financial risks, which would allow us to identify, on the one hand, the reasons for changes in insurance legislation, and, on the other hand, to form the authors’ own standpoints on this issue and draw appropriate conclusions. The article examines the changes made to national insurance legislation over the course of a quarter of a century, and identifies contradictions and differences in the definitions of insurance of business and financial risks. The authors have drawn the conclusion that there is a global cause of the observed phenomena, which is the absence in our country of a single codified normative legal act regulating insurance relationships — the Insurance Code. According to the authors, the development and adoption of such a systematic set of insurance legislation would be the most important step towards solving the problem of classifying types of insurance, in particular business risk insurance and financial risk insurance.
Development of the Regional Economy Through Recreational Tourism (The Leningrad Region Experience)
Authors: Ivanova Anna
Published: May 2024

The crisis conditions in which the regional economy found itself require the search for new methods of forming budget assets. Internal resources began to be of extreme importance. The search for additional potential of specific territories has become especially relevant. The purpose of this study is to show on the example of the Leningrad region the possibilities of using the regional internal resources that can give positive economic dynamics. To achieve the goal, empirical methods were used in the work: collecting facts, comparison, logical analysis and generalization, as well as a comprehensive method. The article assesses the existing recreational potential of the region, its positive and negative aspects, examines the essence of recreational tourism, analyzes measures to support the tourism business, including preferential programs and lending programs for small organizations in the tourism sector. The study showed that one of the options for developing the region’s economy is the use of its resource specializations. The scientific novelty of the study consists in a comprehensive analysis of the recreational resources of the Leningrad Region, which shows the relationship between the state of tourism infrastructure and the level of economic development of the region. As a result, it was concluded that recreational tourism can become a trigger for the launch of the regional economy.
Meta-Analysis of the Problem of Rehabilitation of Chemically Dependent Persons in Russian and Foreign Literature
Authors: Dergach Ivan
Published: May 2024

The article analyzes the domestic and foreign literature of recent years, aimed at studying the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process of chemically dependent persons. However, most of the results obtained by the researchers are not comparable with each other. Firstly, the reasons are related to differences in the theoretical approaches of the authors of the goals, objectives and mechanisms of the rehabilitation process, as well as the "blurring" of the effectiveness criteria. In Russian narcology the criterion for the success of the rehabilitation process is the persistence, duration and quality of the achieved remissions. As scientific and practical studies show, the persistence of remission is achievable when the period of abandonment of substance is complemented by a long rehabilitation period, thanks to which the individual's ability to function in society is restored. Foreign researchers who consider recovery as a "process", not as an "end point", come to the conclusion that after all the necessary stages of rehabilitation, it is necessary to provide constant long-term support. A significant amount of international research confirms the need for long-term support in the post-rehabilitation period. From the point of view of some Russian authors, rehabilitation is a multi-level process that includes an environment with a certain atmosphere in which both rehabilitators and specialists interact. However, there are currently no training manuals and recommendations that would collect and systematize scientific and practical information for specialists working in the field of rehabilitation of minors prone to substance use. In modern narcology it is necessary to improve the organizational principles and legislative framework of the entire system of rehabilitation process of chemically dependent persons.
Sociología de las migraciones. Perspectiva iberoamericana
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador),   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (Ecuador),   Universidad de Tarapacá (Arica, Chile), Loucky James
Published: May 2024

Este libro emerge como una obra esencial para comprender la complejidad del fenómeno migratorio desde una mirada profunda y multidimensional, anclada en las realidades de Iberoamérica y el sur global. A través de sus diez capítulos, esta compilación aborda la migración no solo como un acto de movimiento físico, sino como un proceso social y cultural que redefine las políticas públicas, las identidades, los espacios educativos y el mercado laboral. Desde la construcción de políticas públicas en respuesta a la migración venezolana en Colombia hasta la discriminación laboral de los hispanos/latinos en EUA, cada trabajo revela las capas de complejidad que envuelven a la migración y su impacto en las sociedades, tanto receptoras como de origen.
Encuadres mediáticos en debate sobre la Ley de Migración y Extranjería (2018-2021)
Authors:   Universidad del Desarrollo-Chile, Zúñiga Rodríguez Vanessa , Sibrián Díaz Nairbis ,   Universidad del Desarrollo-Chile
Published: May 2024

En las últimas cinco décadas, más de 280 millones de personas, es decir, el 4 % de la población mundial, ha debido emigrar hacia otros países generando desafíos sustanciales desde el punto de vista político, económico, social y humanitario para las naciones receptoras (OIM, 2020). En este escenario, Chile ocupa un lugar protagónico en América Latina como país receptor de inmigrantes durante la última década (BM, 2023), proyectándose que para 2024 los extranjeros constituyan el 10 % de la población chilena, duplicando su presencia en los últimos cinco años (INE, 2021). Sin embargo, este fenómeno migratorio ha implicado desafíos en los países receptores, vinculados a la diversidad cultural y la integración de nuevos actores en la vida social y laboral (OIT, 2021).
Asertividad y valoración de la diversidad en migraciones nacionales y globales
Authors:   Tecnológico de Antioquia-Colombia, Vargas Huanca Dani , Velásquez Velásquez Ángela María ,   Tecnológico de Antioquia-Colombia, Paccha Rufasto Cesar Augusto ,   Universidad Cesar Vallejo-Perú, Paccha Huamani Pablo Roberto ,   Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería-Perú, Rizabal Arroyo Ricardo ,   Universidad Continental-Perú
Published: May 2024

El incremento de riesgos de desastres, catástrofes sanitarias, cambio climático y decenas de conflictos bélicos a nivel mundial por causas políticas, religiosas y culturales, empujan al incremento de los niveles de migración indígena interna, trasfronterizas, incluso transcontinentales; en este contexto cobra importancia una educación renovada del carácter abierto en el mundo. Una de las estrategias coloniales que se mantiene para controlar a las poblaciones indígenas rurales en Latinoamérica, según Navarrete (2024), es la criminalización de los pueblos originarios cuando están en defensa de los derechos ligados a sus territorios.
Lo artístico investigativo y sus diferentes enfoques metodológicos
Authors: Rojas-Gómez Miguel
Published: May 2024

En el campo de la Metodología de la investigación en general, y en el de las las Artes en específico, existe un término con bastante utilización: enfoque, y también con gran ambigüedad ―no precisamente semiótica. Su significado está asociado a resolver un problema(s) de investigación desde unos supuestos, presupuestos, fundamentos no esencialistas, principios o procedimientos de modo acertado y demostrativo. Sin embargo, en las fuentes epistemo-metodológicas, tanto generales como artísticas, no se precisa su utilización en cuanto alcances lógico-epistémico predicativos flexibles, pero no se pude confundir la ductilidad con el relativismo de la indeterminación absoluta, la carencia de demarcación y precisión enunciativa. En lo artístico investigativo la categoría de enfoque tiene diferentes dimensiones y connotaciones epistémicas, equivalentes a paradigma, metametodología, metodología y método. Incluso, una misma formulación como Investigación basada en las artes, unas veces se la considera como varias metodologías (metametodología), metodología o método. No es una contradicción in terminis, pero se necesita
Farklı kurumsal amaçlar altında bulanık ÇKKV tekniklerine dayalı en iyi geri kazanım opsiyonunun belirlenmesi
Authors: Katrancıoğlu Sevan , Kılıç Hüseyin Selçuk , Kalender Zeynep Tuğçe , Uslu Çiğdem
Published: May 2024

Kullanılmış ürünlerin geri kazanılarak kapalı döngü bir ekonomi oluşturulması, ekonomik ve çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Geri kazanım sürecinden elde edilen faydayı maksimize etmek açısından en uygun geri kazanım opsiyonuna göre ürünlerin sisteme dahil edilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Geri kazanım süreci kapsamına giren en önemli ürün tiplerinden birisi de bu çalışma kapsamında ele alınan kiralık ürünlerdir. Kiralık ürünlerin doğası gereği sıklıkla geri kazanım sürecine girmesi, geri kazanım opsiyonlarından en uygun olanının belirlenmesi ihtiyacını daha da önemli hale getirmektedir. İlgili karar sürecinde, uygulamada karşılaşılan durumlardan birisi de kurumların farklı departmanlarının farklı amaçlar içermesidir. Geri kazanım opsiyonlarının değerleri ilgili amaçlara göre farklılaşabilmektedir. Bu çalışmayla farklı departmanların amaçlarının göz önünde tutularak her bir geri kazanım opsiyonu için skor üretilebilen bir yapı sunulması hedeflenmektedir. Bu yapıda bulanık Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) tekniklerinden Küresel Bulanık AHP (KB-AHP) ve Küresel Bulanık TOPSIS (KB-TOPSIS) bütünleşik bir şekilde kullanılmıştır. Sunulan yaklaşımın geçerliliğini göstermek için Türkiye’nin büyük telekomünikasyon şirketlerinden birinde kiralık modemler üzerinde uygulama yapılmıştır. Farklı departman ağırlıkları ve kriterlerin alabileceği farklı durumlar altında olası bütün senaryolar çeşitli açılardan analiz edilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Böylece departman hedeflerinin kriterler üzerindeki etkileri gözlemlenmiş ve kararlar üzerindeki etkileri sayısal olarak incelenebilmiştir.
Dalgacık dönüşümü ve Inception v3 evrişimli sinir ağı modeli kullanarak beyin tümörlerinin sınıflandırılması
Authors: Kaya Zihni , Aslan Zafer , Güneş Ali , Okatan Ali
Published: May 2024

Son yıllarda, beyin tümörleri nedeniyle insan ölümleri yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Hastalığın tedavisi için tümörün erken ve doğru teşhisi oldukça önemlidir. Uzmanlar tarafından beyin MRG görüntülerinden tümörün sınıflandırılması zaman bakımından maliyetli ve hatalı olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, beyin tümörlerinin otomatik olarak sınıflandırılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, geliştirilmiş olan uygulama ile beyin tümörlerinin sınıflandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu genel amaç kapsamında, dalgacık öznitelikleri kullanılarak beyin tümörlerinin sınıflandırılması için derin öğrenmeye dayalı bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Dalgacık dönüşümü, görüntülerden öznitelik çıkartmak ve görüntü boyutunu azaltmak için kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen dalgacık öznitelikleri beyin MR görüntülerinden bilgilendirici öznitelikleri keşfetmek için önceden eğitilmiş Inception v3 modelinin girdisi olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonrasında bu öznitelikler beyin MRG görüntülerini etiketlemek için softmax sınıflandırıcısına iletilmektedir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuç; 1621 gliyom, 1645 menenjiyom, 1757 hipofiz bezi ve 2000 normal beyin görüntüsünün bulunduğu veri seti üzerinde test edilmiş ve %99,58 doğruluk başarımı elde edilmiştir.
Destek vektör regresyonu yaklaşımı ile istinat duvarı tasarım parametrelerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Çalık Ümit
Published: May 2024

Bir istinat duvarında kritik kayma yüzeyinin yeri (αcr), sismik aktif toprak itkisinin büyüklüğü (Pae) ve etki mesafesi (zae); arka dolgu zeminin özellikleri, yükleme durumu ve problem geometrisi ile alakalı birçok parametreden etkilenmektedir. Son yıllarda, bunun gibi çok sayıda girdi ve çıktı değişkenine sahip mühendislik problemlerinde, Destek Vektör (Makine) Regresyonu (DVR) gibi güçlü öğrenme algoritmalarının parametreler arasındaki regresyon ilişkilerini ortaya çıkarılmasında kullanılmasıyla kompleks hesap adımlarını izlemeden bilinmesi gereken tasarım parametrelerinin tahmini üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada DVR ile, parametrik olarak üretilen 119393 veri içeren büyük hacimli bir data kümesinden 11 adet girdi parametresi ve 3 adet çıktı parametresi arasındaki en iyi regresyon ilişkileri, 2 farklı örnekleme tekniği, 6 değişik çekirdek fonksiyonunun kullanılmasıyla ile ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Pae için kübik fonksiyon, αcr ve zae için medium gauss fonksiyon en iyi DVR modellerini oluşturmuşlardır. Model tahminlerinin gerçek değerden sapmaları sırasıyla ±20 kN/m2, ±8º ve ±0,15 m gibi bir değişim bandı içinde yer almıştır. Bununla birlikte örnekleme yöntemlerinin modellerin öngörü performansı üzerinde etkisi hemen hemen hiç olmamıştır. DVR modellerin doğrulanması, 4374 adet veri barındıran yeni bir data seti ile literatürdeki başka bir çalışmanın sonuçları ile istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırılması suretiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Burada, DVR modeller en başarılı tahmin performansını Pae ve αcr için sergilemişlerdir. Bununla birlikte zae için yapılan DVR öngörülerinin göreceli olarak bir parça zayıf kaldığı gözlense de halen istatistiksel olarak kabul edilebilir seviyededir.
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. Main Applications and Ultrasonic Extraction of Secondary Metabolites: a General Review
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Cedillo-Portillo José Juan , Villastrigo-López Wendy Yaneth ,   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Castañeda-Facio Adali Oliva ,   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Esparza-González Sandra Cecilia ,   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Múzquiz-Ramos Elia Martha ,   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila,   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Sáenz-Galindo Aidé ,   Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila
Published: May 2024

This paper provides an overview of the various applications of the bioactive compounds found in S. rosmarinus. at present. Additionally, it explores emerging technologies for its extraction, such as ultrasound, which is an effective, fast, and sustainable technology for obtaining these secondary metabolites from this millenary plant. S. rosmarinus has gained considerable importance due to its beneficial properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic effects. These effects result from the different metabolites, which, without the use of ultrasound, are produced in S. rosmarinus. The main objective of this research is to provide an overview of some of the main applications in which S. rosmarinus is involved and to present a viable and effective alternative for the extraction of the different metabolites it contains using a technique such as ultrasound. The literature review was performed by searching for information on digital platforms such as SciFinder, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, using keywords such as Rosemary, S. rosmarinus, ultrasound, green extraction, and secondary metabolite.
Mouse Brain Perfusion and Flash Freezing v2
Authors: Institute Allen
Published: May 2024

This protocol is used for transcardial perfusion with HEPES-Sucrose Cutting Solution (Referred as HEPES hereafter), followed by fast brain dissection and flash freezing. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Élites y reformas agrarias durante el Frente Nacional, una reevaluación
Authors:   Observatorio de Tierras, Villamil Castellanos Paula Alejandra , Gutiérrez Sanín Francisco ,   Universidad Nacional de Colombia,   Observatorio de Tierras
Published: May 2024

Este artículo plantea que las reformas del Frente Nacional (1958-1974) expresaron, transformaron y a la vez profundizaron diversas fracturas al interior de las élites políticas colombianas. Por una parte, acentuaron las diferencias existentes entre los partidos tradicionales y las divisiones internas de estos. Por otra, generaron fracturas que no pueden extrapolarse fácilmente a las dinámicas del mundo subnacional. El proceso político, la movilización campesina, las intervenciones de otros actores y sus respectivos esfuerzos por apoyar u oponerse a la reforma agraria desataron dinámicas propias en cada territorio, las cuales variaron según se presentara la constelación de fuerzas locales. Si bien la literatura ha analizado el rol de las élites en las reformas agrarias, como se demuestra en este artículo, en el caso colombiano su participación dista de ser homogénea y unidireccional.
Reseña crítica. Han, Byung-Chul. (2022). Infocracia. La digitalización y la crisis de la democracia. Penguin Random House
Authors:   Universidad del Valle, Duque Daza Javier
Published: May 2024

Infocracia es una obra reciente del filósofo surcoreano Byung-Chul Han. Se trata de un ensayo sugerente y que retoma algunos problemas recientes de la política y la democracia. Plantea que la democracia transita hacia una nueva etapa de crisis que consiste en nuevas formas de dominación en el capitalismo de la información; la desintegración de formas de interacción tradicionales que hacían posible la comunicación libre, no coactiva ni sujeta a mecanismos de manipulación; la proliferación de las noticias falsas y la crisis de la verdad. Una mirada casi distópica de la democracia que no parece tener retorno.
Франк Хартманн. Голубая планета. Как изображение при взаимодействии техники и культуры обуславливает глобальное сознание. К происхождению визиотипа (перевод с немецкого)
Authors:   Независимый исследователь, Романов Н.А.
Published: May 2024

Перевод выполнен по изданию: Hartmann F. Der Blaue Planet.Wie ein Bild im Zusammenspiel von Technik und Kultur das globale Bewusstsein prägte. Zur Genese einer Visiotype // Recherche. 4/2009 (Online 05. Oktober 2019). URL: https://www.recherche-online.net/texte/frank-hartmann-der-blaue-planet/ Франк Хартманн рассматривает влияние на глобальное сознание и восприятие универсума фотоснимков Земли из космоса, которые появились благодаря космическим программам во второй половине XX века. С помощью изучения этих изображений демонстрируется как может осуществляться генезис визиотипов, и каким образом они могут оказывать воздействие на формирование культуры и планетарного сознания в условиях безграничной всемирной коммуникации. Проводится анализ манипулятивных практик по трансформации фотографических снимков Земли в целях создания «каноничного» образа нашей планеты для потребления и использования в массовой культуре. Приводятся примеры использования мотива изображения голубой планеты в качестве визуального символа нового глобального мышления и повышенного внимания к экологическим проблемам. Демонстрируется, как режимы видения действительности через оптические медиа способствуют производству новых визиотипов для использования в качестве образов и символов (День Земли, каталог «Вся Земля» и документальный фильм «Неудобная правда»). При изучении медиакультуры Франк Хартман предлагает уделять внимание материальной эстетике и «смотрению» в процессы рождения новых медиатехнологий, а также культуре применения / использования феноменов медиа.