bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration Analysis of Nuclear Factor Erythroid‐2 Family Members in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Dou Rui , Wang Xiong , Zhang Jin
Published: January 2022

Ovarian cancer (OC) often presents at an advanced stage and is still one of the most frequent causes of gynecological cancer‐related mortality worldwide. The nuclear factor erythroid‐2 (NFE2) transcription factors include nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 1 (NFE2L1), NFE2L2, and NFE2L3. NFE2 members bind to the antioxidant‐response element (ARE) region and activate the expression of targeted genes. The distinct functions of NFE2 members in OC remain poorly elucidated. Several online bioinformatics databases were applied to determine gene expression, prognosis, mutations, and immune infiltration correlation in OC patients. NFE2L1 and NFE2L2 were decreased in OC, whereas NFE2L3 was increased. NFE2L2 and NFE2L3 were significantly correlated with the clinical stages of OC. High NFE2L1 level was significantly associated with short progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with OC (HR = 1.18, P = 0.021), while high NFE2L2 expression strongly correlated with long PFS (HR = 0.77, P = 0.00067). High NFE2L3 expression was associated with better overall survival and postprogression survival in OC. Functional analysis showed that NFE2 members mainly focused on transcription coactivator activities. Genetic alterations of NFE2 members were found in 13% of OC patients, and amplification ranked the top. The expression of NFE2 members was significantly correlated with immune infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in OC. Our study provides novel insights into the roles and prognostic potential of NFE2 family members in OC.
Design of Network-Assisted Teaching of Ideological and Political Courses for College Students Based on Android System
Authors: YiFei Sun
Published: January 2022

In order to be able to provide learning resources for learners anytime and anywhere and improve the quality of online teaching, a network-assisted teaching system for college students’ ideological and political courses based on the Android system is designed. The characteristics of the Android system platform and its hierarchical structure are analyzed, and the overall structure of the network-assisted teaching system was designed based on it and through the construction of the system user login module, learning resources module, operation management module, unit test module, and teaching interface display module, so as to achieve the effect of network assisted ideological and political course teaching. The preferences of students were fully considered, the needs of students with different resource spaces were matched, and the genetic algorithm is used to share the information of network teaching resources to meet the needs of ideological and political teaching. According to the experimental results, the system designed in this paper has high accuracy in the recommended content of ideological and political education resources and the coverage of resource recommendation is relatively high, indicating that the application effect of the system is better.
A Hierarchical Restoration Mechanism for Distribution Networks Considering Multiple Faults
Authors: Wen Juan , Qu Xing , Jiang Lin , Lin Siyu
Published: January 2022

Service restoration of distribution networks in contingency situations is one of the highly investigated and challenging problems. In the conventional service restoration method, utilities reconfigure the topological structure of the distribution networks to supply the consumer load demands. However, the advancements in renewable distributed generations define a new dimension for developing service restoration methodologies. This paper proposes a hierarchical service restoration mechanism for distribution networks in the presence of distributed generations and multiple faults. The service restoration problem is modeled as a complicated and hierarchical program. The objectives are to achieve the maximization of loads restored with minimization of switch operations while simultaneously satisfying grid operational constraints and ensuring a radial operation configuration. We present the service restoration mechanism, which includes the dynamic topology analysis, matching isolated islands with renewable distributed generations, network reconfiguration, and network optimization. A new code scheme that avoids feasible solutions is applied to generate candidate solutions to reduce the computational burden. We evaluate the proposed mechanism on the IEEE 33 and 69 systems and report on the collected results under multitype fault cases. The results demonstrate the importance of the available renewable distributed generations in the proposed mechanism. Moreover, simulation results verify that the proposed mechanism can obtain reasonable service restoration plans to achieve the maximization of loads restored and minimization of switching operations under different faults.
Decision-Making Approach Based on Generalized Aggregation Operators with Complex Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Set Information
Authors: Garg Harish , Ali Zeeshan , Hezam Ibrahim M. , Gwak Jeonghwan
Published: January 2022

A strategic decision-making technique can help the decision maker to accomplish and analyze the information in an efficient manner. However, in our real life, an uncertainty will play a dominant role during the information collection phase. To handle such uncertainties in the data, we present a decision-making algorithm under the single-valued neutrosophic (SVN) environment. The SVN is a powerful way to deal the information in terms of three degrees, namely, “truth,” “falsity,” and “indeterminacy,” which all are considered independent. The main objective of this study is divided into three folds. In the first fold, we state the novel concept of complex SVN hesitant fuzzy (CSVNHF) set by incorporating the features of the SVN, complex numbers, and the hesitant element. The various fundamental and algebraic laws of the proposed CSVNHF set are described in details. The second fold is to state the various aggregation operators to obtain the aggregated values of the considered CSVNHF information. For this, we stated several generalized averaging operators, namely, CSVNHF generalized weighted averaging, ordered weighted average, and hybrid average. The various properties of these operators are also stated. Finally, we discuss a multiattribute decision-making (MADM) algorithm based on the proposed operators to address the problems under the CSVNHF environment. A numerical example is given to illustrate the work and compare the results with the existing studies’ results. Also, the sensitivity analysis and advantages of the stated algorithm are given in the work to verify and strengthen the study.
Clinical Potential of miR-451 and miR-506 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Du Yu , Miao Zhuang , Qiu Lijuan , Lv Yan , Wang Kedi , Guo Lusheng
Published: January 2022

Background. The incidence and mortality of breast cancer in the world remain high. The function and important role of miR-451 and miR-506 in a series of cancers have been proved. The purpose of this research was to explore the clinical diagnosis and prognostic significance of miR-451 and miR-506 expression in breast cancer. Methods. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect miR-451 and miR-506 expression in serum and tissues. The relationship of miR-451 and miR-506 with clinical parameters was determined by the chi-square test. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of miR-451 and miR-506 in breast cancer. In addition, we determined the prognostic performance of miR-451 and miR-506 using Kaplan–Meier survival assay. Results. The expression of miR-451 and miR-506 in breast cancer patients was significantly lower than that in healthy people. miR-451 and miR-506 expression decreased in breast cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissue. High expression of miR-451 and miR-506 was associated with positive lymph node metastasis and late tumor node metastasis stage. Breast cancer patients with high miR-451 and miR-506 expression had lower five-year survival rate. The level of miR-451 and miR-506 expression showed high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing breast cancer patients and healthy people. Conclusion. miR-451 and miR-506 could be used as biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
Motion Feature Retrieval in Basketball Match Video Based on Multisource Motion Feature Fusion
Authors: Ma Biao , Ji Minghui
Published: January 2022

Both the human body and its motion are three-dimensional information, while the traditional feature description method of two-person interaction based on RGB video has a low degree of discrimination due to the lack of depth information. According to the respective advantages and complementary characteristics of RGB video and depth video, a retrieval algorithm based on multisource motion feature fusion is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm uses the combination of spatiotemporal interest points and word bag model to represent the features of RGB video. Then, the directional gradient histogram is used to represent the feature of the depth video frame. The statistical features of key frames are introduced to represent the histogram features of depth video. Finally, the multifeature image fusion algorithm is used to fuse the two video features. The experimental results show that multisource feature fusion can greatly improve the retrieval accuracy of motion features.
Abstract IA-02: The state of possible
Authors: Hernandez-Aldama Loriana
Published: January 2022

Emmy award winning journalist, international speaker, 2x cancer survivor and author of “Becoming the Story: The Power of PREHAB” — Loriana Hernandez-Aldama kicks off the conference with an advocate keynote detailing her “State of Possible” as she breaks down how to make more patients of color possible with her 3P protocol —Prepare-Present-Prevail®. In a inspirational and transparent message, the former network medical reporter will share her own patient journey, the challenges she faced as a Latina, and the voids and discoveries she made when she found herself on the other side of healthcare— this time as a patient— after a diagnosis of AML Leukemia. Loriana says it took her world flipping upside down and nearly losing it all (including her DNA) for her to gain perspective and discover the biggest breaking stories of her career and the unmet needs of the minority communities. And at every turn, the lack of diversity in clinical trials impacted her chance of survival as Loriana struggled though leukemia, a bone marrow transplant, breast cancer and now survivorship. Today, Loriana is on a mission through her non-profit, ArmorUp for LIFE, to amplify the patient voice and improve patient outcomes through risk reduction (PREHAB) in our underserved communities so we can position communities of color to PREVAIL. Loriana says, “our genetic codes may set us up for failure… our zip codes should not.”

Citation Format: Loriana Hernandez-Aldama. The state of possible [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-02.
Abstract IA-14: Findings from Out: The National Cancer Survey
Authors: Scout
Published: January 2022

For approximately six months in 2020-21 The National LGBT Cancer Network fielded Out: The National Cancer Survey. A total of 2,700 respondents were received. While only a small fraction of the estimated 100,000 LGBTQI people in the U.S. who are diagnosed with cancer every year, this represents the largest such survey of its kind, yielding new insights into the experiences of LGBTQI people with cancer. Top themes of responses included the following: while many reported welcoming care trans or BIPOC people reported less welcome; getting support for our families of choice was more complicated; few could access desired tailored resources; and there was a reported level of rudeness that may represent micro-aggressions. This presentation will give an overview of the major findings and further areas of inquiry emerging from these findings and present back reflections on what these data say about future areas of mainstream and LGBTQI cancer research.

Citation Format: Scout. Findings from Out: The National Cancer Survey [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-14.
Abstract IA-17: Why study cancer health disparities globally: US and global perspectives
Authors: Ragin Camille C.R.
Published: January 2022

Despite many advances in cancer research, cancer health disparities have persisted globally. Cancer incidence and mortality rates are declining in most high income countries while low and middle income (LMIC) countries continue to experience an increase in the burden of cancer incidence and death rates. Furthermore, cancer research in many LMIC populations has been underrepresented and understudied in general which further exacerbates cancer health disparities in populations within those countries. Global cancer research contributes valuable data towards understanding and addressing cancer prevention and control in the United States, in particular cancer disparities faced by diverse populations including immigrant populations. The study of cancer health disparities globally also provides numerous opportunities to address disparities observed in different geographic regions around the world. This presentation highlights the significance of global cancer health disparities research US and global perspectives.

Citation Format: Camille C.R. Ragin. Why study cancer health disparities globally: US and global perspectives [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-17.
Abstract IA-43: Designing individual-level and structural interventions to reduce and eliminate racial disparities in liver cancer
Authors: Jones Patricia D.
Published: January 2022

Over the past two decades, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased dramatically, in the United States and worldwide. The tremendous racial diversity in the United States allows for evaluation of racial differences in HCC risk and outcomes. Blacks, Asians and Hispanics all have increased liver cancer risk compared to non-Hispanic Whites. The cause of this disparity is poorly understood but is thought to be multi-factorial. The prevalence and etiology of chronic liver disease differs amongst racial subgroups; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is most prevalent in Hispanics, while Blacks and Asians are disproportionately affected by viral hepatitis. Moreover, there are substantial racial inequalities with regards to access to comprehensive health care. In addition to racial differences in HCC risk, there are significant racial disparities in cancer stage at HCC diagnosis and receipt of appropriate cancer treatment. Multiple retrospective studies have confirmed significant disparities in survival after HCC diagnosis; Blacks in the United States and worldwide have the lowest survival, compared to other races. There are many stages along the cancer continuum where clinicians and researchers can intervene to improve how individuals living with liver disease are diagnosed, which could subsequently reduce the risk of HCC and improve outcomes. Using hepatitis B as a case study, this lecture will discuss individual-level interventions as well as the necessary structural interventions targeting healthcare policy, organizations, institutions and vulnerable communities that will be required to achieve widespread reduction in HCC-related disparities.

Citation Format: Patricia D. Jones. Designing individual-level and structural interventions to reduce and eliminate racial disparities in liver cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-43.
Abstract IA-48: A brief overview of lung and colorectal cancer disparities in American Indian and Alaska Native populations
Authors: Rhoades Dorothy A.
Published: January 2022

Lung cancer and colorectal cancer (CRC) are leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality among US American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) men and women. For most AI/AN communities, disparities in these cancers occur compared to their non-Hispanic White (NHW) counterparts. This presentation provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of lung and colorectal cancers among AI/AN, and serves as background for talks regarding the impact of revised eligibility criteria for implementing screening programs among AI/AN. In recent years, lung cancer incidence rates among AI/AN persons were 12% higher than rates among NHW in counties with relatively high proportions of AI/AN residents. By region, rates were 17% to 3 times higher in AI/AN than NHW in Pacific Coast, Alaska, and Northern and Southern Plains, in contrast to the Southwest and Eastern US where AI/AN rates were 35% lower. While lung cancer incidence is decreasing overall in both populations, the rate of decrease is slower for AI/AN. Generally, lung cancer occurs at younger ages and at more advanced stages for AI/AN compared with NHW, and AI/AN persons with lung cancer have worse survival. Little is known about the experience of lung cancer screening (LCS) in health care systems that serve AI/AN communities. LCS has not been a mandatory reporting measure for the Indian Health Service. Models of expanded eligibility for LCS suggest that AI/AN will have a higher relative increase in eligible persons compared with NHW, but information on implementation is scarce. Disparities in CRC are also notable among AI/AN. In recent years, incidence rates among AI/AN were 41% higher than among NHW in counties with relatively high proportions of AI/AN residents. CRC incidence rates also vary regionally, but AI/AN in general had higher CRC incidence rates than did NHW. CRC incidence rates have been decreasing overall among both AI/AN and NHW populations, but at a slower pace for AI/AN. Notably, CRC incidence increased among AI/AN in the Southwest. CRC incidence rates have also increased among persons younger than 50 years for both AI/AN and NHW, but more than 1 in 7 CRC cases among AI/AN were diagnosed at ages younger than 50 years, compared with less than 1 in 10 among NHW. AI/AN were more likely to have late-stage diagnoses than were NHW, and AI/AN men had the worst survival than men in other racial groups. Factors encountered in implementing programs to improve lung and CRC screening among AI/AN health care systems will be discussed follow this presentation.

Citation Format: Dorothy A. Rhoades. A brief overview of lung and colorectal cancer disparities in American Indian and Alaska Native populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-48.
Abstract IA-53: A multi-pronged approach to driving diversity in clinical trials: Bristol Myers Squibb & Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation efforts
Authors: Doykos Patricia M.
Published: January 2022

Achieving diversity in clinical trials that reflects the epidemiology of the people and populations affected by diseases and conditions requires an integrated multi-pronged, multi-sector approach and one that is community-informed. This includes among other components community outreach and engagement, patient voice in study design, a culturally competent workforce of clinical trial investigators and team members who are committed to serving URM, and locating clinical trial sites in heavily diverse communities. Bristol Myers Squibb is taking steps and the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation is making important philanthropic investments on these fronts to drive diversity in clinical trials. The presentation will provide an overview of these efforts, their specific interventions and lessons learned.

Citation Format: Patricia M. Doykos. A multi-pronged approach to driving diversity in clinical trials: Bristol Myers Squibb & Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation efforts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-53.
Abstract PO-005: Geospatial hotspot analysis of cervical cancer among Asian American Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander (AANHPI) population in Los Angeles County
Authors: Shin Michelle B. , Martinez Bibiana , Tsui Jennifer
Published: January 2022

Background: Higher cervical cancer incidence rates among subgroups of Asian American Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander (AANHPI) women are often overlooked in studies that aggregate this extremely heterogeneous population. There is a need to geographically target ethnic subgroup communities with the highest needs with culturally responsive services for cancer prevention. We analyzed the distribution of cervical cancer clusters among the ethnic subgroups of AANHPI women in Los Angeles County. Methods: We included data for first primary cancer cases with any stage of cervical cancer (only malignant tumors) diagnosed from 2000 to 2018 among AANHPI from the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program. We performed hotspot analyses using the Getis-Ord GI*statistic in ArcGIS to compare the distribution of statistically significant clusters of cervical cancer cases in Los Angeles County using a fixed band. Hot and cold spots with less than 11 cases were suppressed to protect patient confidentiality. Results: Among 8,708 cases of cervical cancer, AANHPI population accounted for 1332 cases (15%). Among the AANHPI population, the three most prevalent ethnic groups were Filipino (n=364, 28%), Chinese (n=314, 24%), and Korean (n=232, 18%) Americans. The hotspots varied by ethnic subgroups and emerged in areas with high proportions of Filipino (Glendale/Carson), Chinese (Arcadia/El Monte), and Korean (Hollywood Hills) American residents, respectively. Discussion: Our findings geospatially disaggregate the cervical cancer prevalence among AANHPI population in Los Angeles County by ethnic subgroups. Specifically, the cervical cancer hotspots contextualize potential geographic- and area-level factors that affect access to preventive services for these vulnerable populations and can facilitate allocating resources for culturally responsive services to increase uptake of HPV vaccination and screening.

Citation Format: Michelle B. Shin, Bibiana Martinez, Jennifer Tsui. Geospatial hotspot analysis of cervical cancer among Asian American Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander (AANHPI) population in Los Angeles County [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-005.
Abstract PO-013: Racial differences in smoking rates among low-income adults living in a large urban area
Authors: Steffen Alana D. , Burke Larisa A. , Duangchan Cherdsak , Watson Karriem S. , Watson Alicia K.
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE While smoking rates have decreased nationally, they remain elevated in underserved communities. The purpose of this study was to investigate smoking rates among race/ethnic groups in Chicago and for lower income levels across segregated neighborhoods served by a network of 6 federally qualified health center clinics. METHODS The Healthy Chicago Survey, an annual telephone survey of adults conducted by the Chicago Department of Public Health (2014-2018), was used to obtain rates and correlates of smoking using weighted analyses and linearized standard errors to account for the complex survey design and differential nonresponse. We examined city-wide estimates as well as a subsample composed of lower income (defined as <200% of the poverty level) residents of 3 geographic areas which represent roughly a quarter of Chicago adults (n=3,544 weighted to represent 517,271). RESULTS City-wide Chicago adults are 36% non-Hispanic (NH) White, 29% NH Black, and 26% Hispanic/Latino and have a smoking rate of 18.6% with 60% being daily smokers. The subsample results were 7% NH White, 49% NH Black, and 39% Hispanic Latino; smoking rate 26.8%. Background characteristics most associated with smoking include middle age (30-64 years), male sex, lesbian/gay/bisexual orientation, unmarried/no partner, NH Black, some college or less education, has no personal doctor, and experiences psychological distress. These relationships were consistent citywide and within the subsample except race/ethnic differences were less pronounced for those with lower income. NH Blacks, nearly half our low-income subsample, had the highest smoking rate (35.9%; 95% CI [33.1, 38.7]), followed by NH Whites (31.0 [23.6, 39.4]) with lower rates among Hispanic/Latinos (16.0 [13.4, 19.0]). The subsample comprised three distinct regions within the city with varying levels of race/ethnic diversity. CONCLUSION While tobacco use has declined over recent years there are significant disparities based on race and income. Among lower-income adults, NH Blacks, middle-aged, and males are at greater risk for smoking-related health conditions. Our findings demonstrate the higher rates of smoking among Black, medically underserved adults in low-income communities that contribute to health disparities.

Citation Format: Alana D. Steffen, Larisa A. Burke, Cherdsak Duangchan, Karriem S. Watson, Alicia K. Watson. Racial differences in smoking rates among low-income adults living in a large urban area [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-013.
Abstract PO-100: Association of B7-H3 expression with racial ancestry, immune cell density and AR activation in prostate cancer
Authors: Mendes Adrianna A. , Lu Jiayun , Kaur Harsimar B , Zheng Siqun , Xu Jianfeng , Schaeffer Edward M. , Sfanos Karen S. , Maynard Janielle , Ross Ashley E. , Balk Steven P. , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Joshu Corinne E. , Shenderov Eugene , Lotan Tamara L.
Published: January 2022

Background: B7-H3 (CD276, PD-L3) is an immunomodulatory molecule highly expressed in prostate cancer and belonging to the B7 superfamily that also includes PD-L1 (B7-H1). Immunotherapies (antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and CAR-T cells) targeting B7-H3 are currently in clinical trials; thus elucidating the clinical, molecular and tumor immune microenvironment correlates of B7-H3 expression may help to guide trial design and interpretation. Methods: We developed an automated, clinical-grade immunohistochemistry assay to digitally quantify B7-H3 protein expression across two racially diverse cohorts of primary prostate cancer (including one with previously reported transcriptomic data), a set of prostatic neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma, and pre- and post-treatment tumor tissues from a trial of intensive neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Results: B7-H3 protein expression is significantly lower in self-identified Black patients and inversely correlates with percent African ancestry by ancestry-informative markers. This association with race is independent of the significant association of B7-H3 expression with ERG/ETS and PTEN status. CD276 mRNA level, but not B7-H3 protein expression, is significantly correlated with regulatory (FOXP3+) T-cell density. Finally, androgen receptor activity (AR-A) scores are significantly correlated with CD276 mRNA expression, and neoadjuvant intensive hormonal therapy is associated with a significant decrease in B7-H3 protein expression. Conclusion: These data underscore the importance of studying racially and molecularly diverse prostate cancer cohorts in the era of immunotherapy. Our study is among the first to use genetic ancestry markers to add to emerging evidence that prostate tumors from men of African ancestry may have a distinct immune milieu associated with B7-H3 expression.

Citation Format: Adrianna A. Mendes, Jiayun Lu, Harsimar B Kaur, Siqun Zheng, Jianfeng Xu, Edward M. Schaeffer, Karen S. Sfanos, Janielle Maynard, Ashley E. Ross, Steven P. Balk, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Corinne E. Joshu, Eugene Shenderov, Tamara L. Lotan. Association of B7-H3 expression with racial ancestry, immune cell density and AR activation in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-100.
Abstract PO-177: Does greater oncologist density reduce estimates of Black-White disparities in cancer mortality
Authors: Zhang Yuehan , Leifheit Kathryn M. , Brawley Otis W. , Thorpe Roland , Gaskin Darrell , Dean Lorraine
Published: January 2022

Background: Black-White racial disparities in cancer mortality in the US are well-documented. Oncologist density, as a measure of oncology care access, has the potential to improve cancer outcomes. Given the estimated shortage of oncologists over the next decade, understanding how oncologist density might influence cancer disparities is of considerable importance. We hypothesized that greater oncologist density was associated with smaller racial disparities in cancer mortality. Methods: An ecological study of 1,048 US counties was performed. Oncologist density (per 100,000 population) was calculated where oncologists were identified from the 2013 National Plan and Provider Enumeration System. Using the age-standardized cancer mortality rate between 2014-2018 from State Cancer Profiles, the Black:White cancer mortality rate ratio was calculated for each county. Linear regression was constructed to assess the association of oncologist density with (1) Black-White cancer mortality rate ratio, and (2) cancer mortality rates overall, and separately among Black and White people. Results: The mean Black:White cancer mortality rate ratio across US counties was 1.13. Every five additional oncologists per 100,000 population was associated with 0.02 increase in the Black:White cancer mortality rate ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.007 to 0.03) in the multivariable model. The role of oncologist density on cancer mortality was different between Black and White people. Every five additional oncologists per 100,000 population was associated with a 1.59 decrease per 100,000 population in cancer mortality rates among White people (95% CI: -2.96 to -0.23), whereas oncologist density was not associated with cancer mortality rates among Black people. Conclusions: Greater oncologist density was associated with larger Black-White racial disparities in cancer mortality. Greater oncologist density was associated with significantly lower cancer mortality among White patients, but not among Black patients. Increasing oncologist density alone could exacerbate mortality disparities, thus attention to ensuring equitable care is critical.

Citation Format: Yuehan Zhang, Kathryn M. Leifheit, Otis W. Brawley, Roland Thorpe, Darrell Gaskin, Lorraine Dean. Does greater oncologist density reduce estimates of Black-White disparities in cancer mortality [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-177.
Abstract PO-211: 2020 Impact on research productivity survey: The Geographic Management of Cancer Health Disparities Program (GMaP) regional response
Authors: Norbeck Carrie , Fleisher Linda
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The Geographic Management of Cancer Health Disparities Program is a national program funded by the National Cancer Institute's Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities (CRCHD). The seven GMaP regions use a multipronged engagement approach to increase recruitment/retention of diverse investigators and to strengthen professional development. This survey was designed to assess if and how the events of 2020 (COVID, racial or political unrest, others) impacted current research productivity, applications for future funding, and publication submission. Methods: A REDCap survey was sent out to each of the GMaP regional listservs in October 2020 and was completed by 150 researchers by early stage (71, 50.0%) and established investigators (36, 25.4%). Half (51%) identified as a non-white race, and 17.8% identifying as Hispanic or Latino. 22.7% of respondents were from Region 4. Responses were recorded via 6 point Likert scale (No Impact, Minimal, Neutral, Significant Impact, Work Stoppage, Expanded Scope) and allowed for qualitative responses. Summary of Results for Region 4: More than half stated the pandemic created “Significant or Work Stoppage” on their current research. Only 11.8% were able to submit intended publications on time. Only 21.2% still planned to submit applications for future funding on their intended timeline. Systemic racism/social unrest was identified as Significant Impact to 50%, along with 47.1% by local/national politics. Qualitative responses provided profound examples of the difficulties researchers have experienced in 2020. Respondents indicated that pilot awards (76.7%) and research support awards (40%) are the best methods to support their career development. Recommendations: The GMaP network with its regional approach is well placed to continue to support the career development needs of their researchers. GMaP opened their trainings to virtual national audiences, and adapted travel award programs to provide smaller Research Support awards (21 awarded) and larger Pilot Awards (4 awarded). GMaP shared the stories of their members with NCI, and advocated for support. These data further inform and enhance specific GMaP program offerings, and help us better advocate for our researchers at the institutional and national level.

Citation Format: Carrie Norbeck, Linda Fleisher. 2020 Impact on research productivity survey: The Geographic Management of Cancer Health Disparities Program (GMaP) regional response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-211.
Abstract PO-224: Disproportional representation of racial and ethnic minorities in colorectal cancer clinical trials
Authors: Herremans Kelly M. , Riner Andrea N. , Tossas Katherine Y. , Raman Shreya , Sharp Stephen P. , Trevino Jose G.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Despite overall decreasing rates of colorectal cancer, significant disparities in mortality disproportionately impact racial and ethnic minorities. Ancestral differences in tumor biology may affect how patients respond to cancer therapeutics, potentially impacting treatment efficacy. Underrepresentation in clinical trials may perpetuate disparities in colorectal cancer in racial and ethnic minorities. We aim to determine the representation of racial and ethnic minority patients in colorectal cancer clinical trials and to explore how reporting and representation has changed over time. Methods: A database analysis was performed of ClinicalTrials.gov from 2008-2021 of all colorectal, colon and rectal cancers. Trials were excluded if results were not reported, studies were performed outside the US or in other cancer types. Representation was determined using an enrollment fraction (EF), the proportion of trial participants adjusted for prevalence of colorectal cancer for each racial and ethnic subgroup. Wilcoxon rank sum and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine whether the distribution of EF ratios among subgroup trials differed from 1. Results: 255 colorectal cancer clinical trials were analyzed, including 253,135 participants. Overall, gender was reported 98.8% of the time, whereas race was reported in 44.7% of trials and ethnicity was reported in 29.4% of trials. Though data reporting on race and ethnicity have improved over time, rates of reporting remain poor in 2021 (race 68.2%, ethnicity 45.5%). Black (EF 0.7), Asian (EF 0.3), American Indian and Alaskan Native (EF 0.0) and Hispanic (EF 0.4) patients remain underrepresented when compared to US rates of colorectal cancer (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Non-White and Hispanic patients with colorectal cancer are underrepresented in colorectal cancer clinical trials. Though reporting of patient race and ethnicity continue to increase, there are opportunities for further improvement. Equitable representation of racial and ethnic minorities in colorectal cancer clinical trials facilitates the understanding of biologic responses to cancer therapeutics and has the potential to improve cancer health disparities.

Citation Format: Kelly M. Herremans, Andrea N. Riner, Katherine Y. Tossas, Shreya Raman, Stephen P. Sharp, Jose G. Trevino. Disproportional representation of racial and ethnic minorities in colorectal cancer clinical trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-224.
Abstract PO-255: Cervical cancer prevention and HPV self-sampling awareness and acceptability among women living with HIV: A qualitative investigation from the patients' and providers' perspectives
Authors: Le Daisy , Ciceron Annie Coriolan , Jeon Min (Jaime) Jeong , Bordon Jose , Jordan Jeanne , Monroe Anne
Published: January 2022

Background: Women living with HIV (WLH) bear a disproportionate risk of invasive cervical cancer due to greater incidence and longer persistence of high-risk HPV infection. Emerging strategies that involve women collecting their own cervicovaginal sample as an alternative to traditional office-based HPV screening may be a promising approach to reach women who face several obstacles to timely care, such as WLH. Little is known, however, about the facilitators and barriers to HPV self-sampling uptake that may be unique to this particularly vulnerable population. Purpose: This study describes their knowledge, experiences, and needs regarding cervical cancer screening, specifically HPV self-sampling, and seeks to reconcile it with the views of their providers' who have been proven to have great influences on their patients' decision-making processes. Methods: In this qualitative study, we recruited 10 providers and 39 WLH from the Washington DC metropolitan region to participate in semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Emergent themes were assessed using an inductive process, employing an open coding method. Results: Knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV was generally limited among WLH; and as expressed by the providers, was often fueled by proximity to someone affected by cervical cancer or personal experience. Most WLH were not familiar with HPV self-sampling: but despite some of the providers' skepticism, expressed their willingness to try it. While some providers worried that it would be an added burden, the WLH highlighted convenience, ease of use, and affordability as facilitators to the uptake of HPV self-sampling. Conclusions: The experiences identified herein may be used to (1) inform tailored interventions designed to increase cervical cancer prevention among under-screened WLH and (2) guide patient-centered communication strategies to improve engagement, patient satisfaction, quality of life, and health outcomes among vulnerable populations.

Citation Format: Daisy Le, Annie Coriolan Ciceron, Min (Jaime) Jeong Jeon, Jose Bordon, Jeanne Jordan, Anne Monroe. Cervical cancer prevention and HPV self-sampling awareness and acceptability among women living with HIV: A qualitative investigation from the patients' and providers' perspectives [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-255.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Precision Prevention Materials IncorporatingMC1RGenetic Risk to Improve Skin Cancer Prevention Activities Among Hispanics
Authors: Lacson John Charles A. , Doyle Scarlet H. , Del Rio Jocelyn , Forgas Stephanie M. , Carvajal Rodrigo , Gonzalez-Calderon Guillermo , Ramírez Feliciano Adriana , Kim Youngchul , Roetzheim Richard G. , Sutton Steven K. , Vadaparampil Susan T. , Soto-Torres Brenda , Kanetsky Peter A.
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

Skin cancer incidence is increasing among Hispanics, who experience worse outcomes than non-Hispanic Whites. Precision prevention incorporating genetic testing for (melanocortin-1 receptor) MC1R, a skin cancer susceptibility marker, may improve prevention behavior.

Experimental Design:

Hispanic participants (n = 920) from Tampa, FL and Ponce, PR, were block-randomized within MC1R higher- and average-risk groups to precision prevention or generic prevention arms. We collected baseline information on demographics, family history of cancer, phenotypic characteristics, health literacy, health numeracy, and psychosocial measures. Participants reported weekday and weekend sun exposure (in hours), number of sunburns, frequency of five sun protection behaviors, intentional outdoor and indoor tanning, and skin examinations at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. Participants also reported these outcomes for their eldest child ≤10 years old.

Results:

Among MC1R higher-risk participants, precision prevention increased sunscreen use (OR = 1.74, P = 0.03) and receipt of a clinical skin exam (OR = 6.51, P = 0.0006); and it decreased weekday sun exposure hours (β = −0.94, P = 0.005) and improved sun protection behaviors (β = 0.93, P = 0.02) in their children. There were no significant intervention effects among MC1R average-risk participants. The intervention did not elevate participant cancer worry. We also identified moderators of the intervention effect among both average- and higher-risk participants.

Conclusions:

Receipt of MC1R precision prevention materials improved some skin cancer prevention behaviors among higher-risk participants and their children and did not result in reduced prevention activities among average-risk participants. Despite these encouraging findings, levels of sun protection behaviors remained suboptimal among participants, warranting more awareness and prevention campaigns targeted to Hispanics

Significance:

Our results support a precision public health approach to reducing skin cancers among Hispanics, an underserved population in precision medicine, and may additionally improve preventive behaviors among their children.
Causes of Death in End-Stage Kidney Disease: Comparison between the United States Renal Data System and a Large Integrated Health Care System
Authors: Bhandari Simran K. , Zhou Hui , Shaw Sally F. , Shi Jiaxiao , Tilluckdharry Natasha S. , Rhee Connie M. , Jacobsen Steven J. , Sim John J.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Using a large diverse population of incident end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients from an integrated health system, we sought to evaluate the concordance of causes of death (CODs) between the underlying COD from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) registry and CODs obtained from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed among incident ESKD patients who had mortality records and CODs reported in both KPSC and USRDS databases between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016. Underlying CODs reported by the KPSC were compared to the CODs reported by USRDS. Overall and subcategory-specific COD agreements were assessed using Cohen’s weighted kappa statistic (95% CI). Proportions of positive and negative agreement were also determined. Results: Among 4,188 ESKD patient deaths, 4,118 patients had CODs recorded in both KPSC and USRDS. The most common KPSC CODs were circulatory system diseases (35.7%), endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (24.2%), genitourinary diseases (12.9%), and neoplasms (9.6%). Most common USRDS CODs were cardiac disease (46.9%), withdrawal from dialysis (12.6%), and infection (10.1%). Of 2,593 records with causes listed NOT as “Other,” 453 (17.4%) had no agreement in CODs between the USRDS and the underlying, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary causes recorded by KPSC. In comparing CODs recorded within KPSC to the USRDS, Cohen’s weighted kappa (95% CI) was 0.20 (0.18–0.22) with overall agreement of 36.4%. Conclusion: Among an incident ESKD population with mortality records, we found that there was only fair or slight agreement between CODs reported between the USRDS registry and KPSC, a large integrated health care system.
Effectiveness of Ultrasound Screening for a Placenta Accreta Spectrum Using Standard Ultrasound Criteria in a Secondary Care Setting
Authors: Juan-Clar Miquel , Torrent Marta , Santandreu Pere , Arejola Eva , Ibarra Javier , Tubau Albert
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Ultrasound detection of a placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) among women at risk is a key goal to reduce obstetric morbidity, but there is scarce information on its performance in real clinical settings. We report the effectiveness of a standardized ultrasound protocol to detect PAS in women with placenta previa (PP) in a secondary-level hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis, including a cohort of 126 women with persistent PP among 27,975 pregnancies between 2008 and 2020, was performed. All 126 women underwent standardized transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound scan that assessed 5 criteria: (1) loss of hypoechoic retroplacental zone and/or myometrial thinning <1 mm; (2) lacunar images with a flow of >15 cm/s; (3) thick and bulging placenta; (4) thinning or interruption of the uterine-bladder serous interface; and (5) placental or uterovesical hypervascularity. The presence of at least one criterion was considered a high risk for PAS. Diagnosis of PAS was confirmed during the caesarean section and by histopathological analysis. Results: Among 126 women with PP, 11 (8.7%) cases of PAS were diagnosed, of which 10 were detected prenatally by ultrasound scan. This resulted in a sensitivity of 90.9%, a specificity of 98.3%, a positive predictive value of 83.3%, and a negative predictive value of 99.1%. Histopathological assessment showed 6 placenta increta (54.5%), 4 percreta (36.4%), and 1 accreta (9.1%). All 10 cases of invasive placenta presented more than 3 ultrasound criteria. Conclusions: Standardized ultrasound screening protocol in women at risk due to PP in the third trimester was highly effective in detecting PAS in a secondary-level hospital setting.