bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОКСИДАТИВНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІЙ МЕХАНІЧНІЙ НЕПРОНИКНІЙ ТРАВМІ РОГІВКИ
Authors: Nesteruk S. V. , Klishch I. M.
Published: November 2018

Вступ. Дезорганізація процесів пероксидного окиснення має важливе значення в патогенезі механічної непроникної травми рогівки, однак ці взаємозв’язки вивчено недостатньо, що спонукало нас провести дослідження власне такого напрямку.

Мета дослідження – вивчити зміни інтенсивності пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, білків та вміст метаболітів нітрогену монооксиду в крові кролів за умов механічної непроникної травми рогівки в ди­наміці.

Методи дослідження.Експериментальні дослідження проводили на статевозрілих кролях породи “Шиншила”. Для вивчення особливостей вільнорадикального окиснення при експериментальній механічній непроникній травмі ока спектрофотометрично в крові визначали концентрацію гідропероксидів, вміст ТБК-реактантів, ступінь окиснювальної модифікації білків, рівень метаболітів нітрогену монооксиду.

Результати й обговорення. Встановлено підвищення вмісту продуктів білкової і ліпідної пероксидації в крові кролів за умови механічної непроникної травми рогівки. Результати нашого дослідження свідчать про хвилеподібну динаміку змін кінцевих продуктів нітрогену монооксиду в сироватці крові тварин при механічній непроникній травмі рогівки.

Висновки. За умови експериментальної непроникної травми рогівки спостерігають достовірне зростання у крові показників пероксидного окиснення ліпідів (підвищення рівнів гідропероксидів і ТБК‑активних продуктів) та окиснювальної модифікації білків (альдегідо- і кетонопохідних динітро­фенілгідразонів нейтрального й основного характеру) стосовно контролю з мінімальними значеннями на 7 добу та максимальними – на 14 добу (р<0,05). Експериментальна непроникна травма рогівки супроводжується зниженням рівня кінцевих продуктів нітрогену монооксиду на 3–7 доби в середньому на 26,0 % з наступним зростанням на 10 і 14 доби, відповідно, на 8,0 та 24,9 % відносно контрольної групи (p<0,01).
КОАГУЛЯЦІЙНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ КРОВІ У ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНЕ ОБСТРУКТИВНЕ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЛЕГЕНЬ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ЕТІОЛОГІЇ РІЗНОГО СТУПЕНЯ ТЯЖКОСТІ
Authors: Ivchuk V. V. , Kopteva T. Yu. , Kovalchuk T. A.
Published: November 2018

Вступ. Важливе місце серед захворювань дихальної системи займає хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень (ХОЗЛ) професійної етіології, яке супроводжується змінами не лише в респіраторному тракті, але і в системі гемостазу.

Мета дослідження – оцінити систему згортання крові за перебігу ХОЗЛ професійної етіології різного ступеня тяжкості.

Методи дослідження. Проаналізовано результати досліджень капілярної та венозної крові 112 працівників гірничодобувної промисловості, хворих на ХОЗЛ різного ступеня тяжкості. Серед пацієнтів 34 особи мали І стадію захворювання, 40 осіб – ІІ стадію, 38 осіб – ІІІ стадію, 29 практично здорових осіб становили контрольну групу. Стан системи гемостазу оцінювали за такими параметрами, як: кількість тромбоцитів, концентрація фібриногену, рівні активованого часткового тромбопластинового часу, тромбінового часу, міжнародного нормалізованого відношення, протромбінового індексу, протромбінового відношення.

Результати й обговорення. Аналіз показників протромбінового профілю показав, що у хворих на ХОЗЛ ІІ–ІІІ стадій переважно змінювались рівні факторів коагуляційного каскаду, що свідчило про порушення у зовнішній ланці системи згортання крові. У міру збільшення тяжкості перебігу ХОЗЛ професійної етіології зміни рівнів факторів коагуляційного каскаду вказували на порушення системи гемостазу в бік гіперкоагуляції та депресії фібринолітичного потенціалу крові.

Висновки. За перебігу ХОЗЛ професійної етіології відбуваються порушення в коагуляційній ланці гемостазу в бік гіперкоагуляції разом зі збільшенням тяжкості захворювання. Порушення в згортувальній ланці гемостазу у хворих на ХОЗЛ професійної етіології відзначають в основному по зовнішньому шляху згортання крові.
Immature stages of the Rubiaceae-feeding metalmark butterflies (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), and a new function for the tentacle nectary organs
Authors: NIELSEN GREGORY J. , KAMINSKI LUCAS A.
Published: November 2018

Metalmark butterfly (Riodinidae) diversity is heavily concentrated in the Neotropical lowland forests but despite their prevalence basic information on immature stages is still scarce. Here we describe the life cycle of seven taxa in the Rubiaceae-feeding section of the Mesosemiina, including three Mesosemia Hübner, [1819], three Leucochimona Stichel, 1909, and the first information for Semomesia Westwood, 1851. Immature stage morphology of Mesosemia cippus Hewitson, 1859 is described in detail through scanning electron microscopy. Generally, eggs are laid singly and caterpillars are folivorous with a cryptic green coloration except for M. cippus which has gregarious caterpillars with a bright yellow color pattern. Immature stages of all analyzed species are morphologically similar and characterized by: oblate spheroid eggs with small spines on the rib intersections; nonmyrmecophilous larvae with sparse long setae on chalazae or pinnacles, perforated cupola organs (PCOs) and tentacle nectary organs (TNOs) in all instars; pupae attached longitudinally to the substrate by the cremaster and a silk girdle that crosses over abdominal segments A1 or A2. Functionality of the TNOs is documented for the first time in the “Mesosemia section” of the Mesosemiina, but they are not used to facilitate symbiotic interactions between caterpillars and ants. When molested, caterpillars everted the TNOs secreting a conspicuous drop of opaque and viscous liquid with a defensive function. A summary of the host plants in the “Mesosemia section” is presented, confirming the preponderance of oligophagy in the Rubiaceae. The morphological and behavioral traits here described are discussed in the context of defense against natural enemies and constitute key information to understanding the evolution of ant-organs and myrmecophily in riodinids.
Caribbean species of Eiconaxius (Decapoda: Axiidea: Axiidae)
Authors: POORE GARY C. B.
Published: November 2018

The type status of specimens of three species of the axiid genus Eiconaxius Bate, 1888 from the Caribbean Sea is clarified. Eiconaxius agassizi Bouvier, 1905, E. borradailei Bouvier, 1905 and E. caribbaeus (Faxon, 1896) are diagnosed and illustrated. Axius (Eiconaxius) communis Bouvier, 1905, Axius (Eiconaxius) rotundifrons Bouvier, 1905, and Axius (Eiconaxius) caribbaeus carinatus Bouvier, 1925, hitherto treated as valid species, are synonymised with E. caribbaeus. Lectotypes are selected for Eiconaxius agassizi Bouvier, 1905 and Eiconaxius borradailei Bouvier, 1905.
A new species of Conopsia Strand, 1913 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Tinthiinae) from West Africa
Authors: SÁFIÁN SZABOLCS , BARTSCH DANIEL
Published: November 2018

A new species of Sesiidae, discovered during a Lepidoptera survey in the Nimba Mountains, Guinea (West Africa) is described as Conopsia puehringeri sp. nov. The new species is compared to its potential sister species C. bicolor (Le Cerf, 1917), in sense of external morphology and genitalia structure. Male specimens and genitalia of both studied species are depicted.
Two new species of Petrobunus from China (Opiliones: Laniatores: Petrobunidae)
Authors: ZHANG CHAO , ZHANG FENG , SHARMA PRASHANT P.
Published: November 2018

Two new species of Petrobunus Sharma & Giribet, 2011, (Petrobunidae) are described: P. chongqing sp. nov. (♀♂) and P. hebei sp. nov. (♀♂). Petrobunus chongqing sp. nov. is similar to P. spinifer Sharma & Giribet, 2011, in having two large spines on the male sternite 7. However, the new species can be distinguished from P. spinifer by the absence of a ventral tubercle on the male femur IV, as well as the presence of three pairs of enlarged tubercles on the lateral margin of area V and free tergites I–II. Petrobunus hebei sp. nov. and P. torosus Sharma & Giribet, 2011 closely resemble each other. They are distinguished by the morphology of the ocularium, in that P. torosus has a median tubercle whereas the ocularium of P. hebei sp. nov. is unarmed. The discovery and descriptions of these species greatly expand the known range of the genus Petrobunus.
Rediagnosis of the squat lobster genus Gastroptychus Caullery, 1896, with a new genus Sternostylus and a new family Sternostylidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Chirostyloidea)
Authors: BABA KEIJI , AHYONG SHANE T. , SCHNABEL KAREEN E.
Published: November 2018

The chirostyloidean squat lobster genus Gastroptychus Caullery, 1896 is revised and is split into two genera: Gastroptychus sensu stricto (type species, Ptychogaster spinifer A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) and Sternostylus new genus (type species, Ptychogaster formosus Filhol, 1884). Gastroptychus sensu stricto, is restricted to nine species with a sternal plastron, at sternite 3, abruptly demarcated from the preceding sternites (excavated sternum) by a distinct step forming a well-defined transverse or concave anterior margin at the articulation with maxillipeds 3, the maxillipeds 3 widely separated, with the distal parts accommodated in the excavated sternum between the left and right maxillipeds 3 when folded, and the P2–4 dactyli with the terminal spine demarcated by a suture. Sternostylus new genus, represented by 12 species, has the sternite 3 anteriorly bluntly produced medially and steeply sloping anterodorsally to the anterior sternite, with a pair of spines directly behind the anterior margin, the left and right maxillipeds 3 adjacent, and the P2–4 dactyli ending in an indistinctly demarcated corneous spine. The above-mentioned characters of Gastroptychus are consistent with Chirostylidae sensu stricto. Published molecular phylogenies indicate, however, that Sternostylus is the sister group to all the other Chirostylidae, and is designated the type genus of a new family, Sternostylidae.
Another unusual new gorgonian (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae) from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska
Authors: HORVATH ELIZABETH A. , STONE ROBERT P.
Published: November 2018

An unusual new species of plexaurid octocoral, Alaskagorgia splendicitrina, is described from a specimen collected in the far west Aleutian Island Archipelago, Alaska, USA. Unusual features that separate it from its only congener include: the vibrant yellow color of the live colony and an arborescent growth form with numerous coiling and twisting branches, the pale yellow color of the sclerites and the lack of small and densely warted double-headed sclerites. The new species is represented by only a single specimen despite extensive sampling in the region during the past several decades; the speculation is that it radiated from the much less explored region to the west.
In‐office versus Operating Room Sialendoscopy: Comparison of Outcomes, Patient Time Burden, and Charge Analysis
Authors: Coniglio Andrew J. , Deal Allison M. , Bhate Oam , Hackman Trevor G.
Published: November 2018

Objective

To evaluate outcomes of in‐office versus operating room (OR) sialendoscopy/sialolithotomy and to recognize the efficiency of outpatient salivary gland surgery with significant time and facility charge reductions.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

State hospital OR and ambulatory clinic.

Subjects and Methods

Retrospective review was performed of adult patients treated for inflammatory salivary diseases by a single surgeon from 2011 to 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on procedure setting (office vs OR) and compared by various baseline features, including demographics, symptom onset and duration, stone size, symptomatic improvement, and recurrence. Patient time burden was compared via office procedure records and OR time charting from the electronic health record. Retrospective clinic and hospital charge sheets were tallied and similarly compared.

Results

The 2 cohorts (office, n = 111; OR, n = 96) were comparable in all demographics, including sialolith number and size (7.36 vs 6.69 mm, P =. 45). Additional subgrouping was statistically similar. Both cohorts had similar postprocedure symptom improvement (97% vs 95.8%, P =. 65) and recurrence rates (8.9% vs 14.5%, P =. 22) independent of subgroup. Overall time burden for patients was 39 minutes in the office versus 277 minutes in the OR (P ≤. 0001). Procedure and hospital charge data were tallied and compared (office, $719.21; OR, $13,956.14; P ≤. 0001).

Conclusion

Bothcohorts were statistically similar in all features. There was significant reduction in patient time burden and health care charges with office‐based procedures while maintaining similar symptom improvement and recurrence rates.
An Application of Two-Eyed Seeing: Indigenous Research Methods With Participatory Action Research
Authors: Peltier Cindy
Published: November 2018

In this time of reconciliation, Indigenous researchers-in-relation are sharing research paradigms and approaches that align with Indigenous worldviews. This article shares an interpretation of the Mi’kmaw concept of Two-Eyed Seeing as the synthesis of Indigenous methodology and participatory action research situated within an Indigenous paradigm of relevant, reciprocal, respectful, and responsible research. Two-Eyed Seeing is discussed as a guiding approach for researchers offering Indigenous voices and ways of knowing as a means to shift existing qualitative research paradigms. The author offers practical considerations for conducting research with Indigenous peoples in a “good and authentic way.” Through the co-creation of knowledge with Indigenous communities, a collective story was produced as a wellness teaching tool to foster the transfer of knowledge in a meaningful way.
Design and test of a self-adaptive bionic polycrystalline diamond compact bit inspired by cat claw
Authors: Tang Qiongqiong , Guo Wei , Gao Ke , Gao Rongfeng , Zhao Yan , Sun Yang , Zhou Yu
Published: November 2018

Cats protract claws while hunting or pawing on the ground and retract to muscles when relaxing. Inspired by this behavior, and in order to solve the problem of short service life and low comprehensive drilling efficiency of polycrystalline diamond compact bits which results from its poor adaptability to soft-hard interbedded strata, a self-adaptive bionic polycrystalline diamond compact bit was designed, which can use the elastic element to adjust its back-rake angle according to the formation hardness to improve the adaptability of polycrystalline diamond compact bits. Theoretical analysis and drilling test results show that the self-adaptive bionic polycrystalline diamond compact bit has a strong adaptability to soft-hard interbedded rock strata. When drilling in soft rock, the back-rake angle is small and the rate of penetration is high; when drilling in hard rock, the angle becomes larger to reduce the abnormal damage of cutters. Thus, it can improve the integrated drilling efficiency and service life of polycrystalline diamond compact bits. In the whole drilling test, the average penetration rate of the self-adaptive bionic polycrystalline diamond compact bit increases by 10%–13% over conventional polycrystalline diamond compact bits with the same dimension and material.
Diabetes on Twitter: A Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Gabarron Elia , Dorronzoro Enrique , Rivera-Romero Octavio , Wynn Rolf
Published: November 2018

Background:

Contents published on social media have an impact on individuals and on their decision making. Knowing the sentiment toward diabetes is fundamental to understanding the impact that such information could have on people affected with this health condition and their family members. The objective of this study is to analyze the sentiment expressed in messages on diabetes posted on Twitter.

Method:

Tweets including one of the terms “diabetes,” “t1d,” and/or “t2d” were extracted for one week using the Twitter standard API. Only the text message and the number of followers of the users were extracted. The sentiment analysis was performed by using SentiStrength.

Results:

A total of 67 421 tweets were automatically extracted, of those 3.7% specifically referred to T1D; and 6.8% specifically mentioned T2D. One or more emojis were included in 7.0% of the posts. Tweets specifically mentioning T2D and that did not include emojis were significantly more negative than the tweets that included emojis (–2.22 vs −1.48, P < .001). Tweets on T1D and that included emojis were both significantly more positive and also less negative than tweets without emojis (1.71 vs 1.49 and −1.31 vs −1.50, respectively; P < .005). The number of followers had a negative association with positive sentiment strength ( r = –.023, P < .001) and a positive association with negative sentiment ( r = .016, P < .001).

Conclusion:

The use of sentiment analysis techniques on social media could increase our knowledge of how social media impact people with diabetes and their families and could help to improve public health strategies.
Increasing Patient Self-Enrollment in the National Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Registry: Lessons Learned From a Direct to Provider Campaign
Authors: Rechtman Lindsay , Jordan Heather , Kaye Wendy , Ritsick Maggie , Mehta Paul
Published: November 2018

Objective:

To conduct educational and promotional outreach activities to general neurologists and to increase self-enrollment of persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the National ALS Registry (Registry).

Methods:

A multicomponent project to educate neurologists and increase Registry self-enrollment was delivered. Project components consisted of phone calls, mailings, train-the-trainer presentations, and key informant interviews. Project-specific metrics, continuing education enrollment, and Registry self-enrollment data were analyzed to measure project efficacy.

Results:

Mailings were sent to 1561 neurologists in 6 states during 2015 to 2016. Sixty-five percent of responding neurologists remembered the mailing 3 months after receipt. Of providers who saw patients with ALS in the 3-month period, 60% read the provider guide, 22% distributed a patient guide, and 15% advised a patient to self-enroll. No changes in self-enrollment rates were observed.

Conclusion:

Targeted mailings to providers can be used to educate them about the Registry; however, most providers did not distribute materials to patients with ALS. Increases in providers receiving Registry material did not lead to increases in patient self-enrollment.

Practice Implications:

General neurologists have competing priorities, and they see patients with ALS infrequently. Neurologists could be the appropriate channel to distribute Registry information to patients, but they are not the appropriate resource to assist patients with self-enrollment. Engaging the support staff of busy specialists can help increase research response rates and information distribution. The lessons learned from this project can be applied to other rare conditions and disease specialists.
Literature review of clinical benefits and reasons to prescribe palliative oxygen therapy in non-hypoxaemic patients
Authors: Collis Steven P
Published: November 2018

Aims:

to review current guidelines and studies available to health professionals in the UK and explore the literature to identify reasons for the prescription of palliative oxygen therapy in non-hypoxaemic patients.

Background:

oxygen therapy is often associated with the palliative treatment for breathlessness. Although prescription guidelines are available and the risks of oxygen therapy are known, the therapy is still prescribed for non-hypoxaemic patients.

Design:

a literature search was conducted using relevant databases. Cited evidence from published guidelines was also consulted.

Results:

the findings suggest that oxygen is no more effective than room air for treating dyspnoea for non-hypoxaemic patients, although two small studies of self-reported benefits from patients and carers indicate different perceptions of need.

Conclusion:

the findings suggest that there is a knowledge gap with regards understanding the reasons for the prescription of oxygen therapy for non-hypoxaemic patients.
No room for complacency in patient safety in the NHS
Authors: Tingle John
Published: November 2018

John Tingle, Associate Professor (Teaching and Scholarship), Nottingham Trent University, discusses the speech recently given by Health and Social Care Secretary Matt Hancock at The King's Fund
Listening to the family's voice: evaluation of a tool to improve symptom control and communication
Authors: McEvoy Mel , Scott Eileen , Blenkinsopp John , Hamilton Sharon
Published: November 2018

Background:

Acute hospitals provide a high proportion of end-of-life care but some families experience poor communication with clinical staff.

Aim:

To evaluate the use of the Family's Voice diary communication tool across nine healthcare settings.

Methods:

A mixed method practice development approach was used incorporating: an audit of the usage of Family's Voice; collation and analysis of written comments; and collation of written feedback from the principal investigators at data collection sites.

Findings:

There were 112 completed diaries. Families rated pain and vomiting as well controlled, but agitation and breathlessness were difficult to control. Families were positive about care provided to the patients and themselves. Ten themes were identified from analysis of the families' written comments that echoed national concerns.

Conclusion:

Evidence for the utility of the diary is building. Future work could focus on strategies for embedding the diary into routine care for all end-of-life patients.
Research Roundup
Authors: Heggs Karen
Published: November 2018

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
The value of health visiting in action
Authors: Oldman Crystal
Published: November 2018

Demonstrating our significant contribution to the health of individuals and communities can be challenging, but it is essential if health visitors are to influence healthcare policy and service commissioning, says Crystal Oldman
Updated rabies vaccine recommendations for travellers
Authors: Gawthrop Mary
Published: November 2018

Many travellers are unaware of the risks of a rabies infection. Practice nurses are ideally placed to make sure they are informed, says Mary Gawthrop, as well as offer a vaccination plan, whether or not the traveller chooses to accept the course of treatment

Rabies is an acute, almost always fatal virus that can spread to humans from animals, usually in the animal's saliva, and it is transmitted via bites or scratches. It is vaccine preventable and the World Health Organization (2018) states that rabies is found all continents, except Antarctica, with over 95% of human deaths from rabies occurring in Asia and Africa. All warm-blooded animals can carry rabies, but while dogs are responsible for the majority of rabies cases in humans, rabies can affect both domestic and wild animals. Of all the diseases that can spread from animals to humans (known as ‘zoonoses’), rabies is the leading cause of death, with more than 59 000 people dying from it each year worldwide ( Public Health England, 2018a ).
Improving communication with parents who have lost a baby
Authors: Boynton Petra
Published: November 2018

The loss of a baby before, during or soon after birth affects thousands of people across the UK every year. Compassionate and considerate communication is, therefore, required by practice nurses to help their patients through this difficult and challenging time
Research Roundup
Authors: Winter George
Published: November 2018

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Reductive amination of fusidane triterpenoid ketones
Authors: Salimova Elena , Mamaev Andrey , Tretyakova Elena , Kukovinets Olga , Parfenova Lyudmila
Published: November 2018

New nitrogen-containing analogues of fusidane triterpenoids were synthesized via the reductive amination of 3,11-dioxo derivatives of fusidic acid and its methyl ester by primary and secondary amines (BunNH2, Pyrrolidine, NH2CH2CH2NH2) in the presence of sodium borohydrides. The reaction proceeds with high chemo- and stereoselectivity and gives 3Î²-amino substituted products with yields of 75-88%.
Determinants of Vascular Age: An Epidemiological Perspective
Authors: Kucharska-Newton Anna M , Stoner Lee , Meyer Michelle L
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Vascular age is an emerging health indicator and predictor of end-organ damage to the heart, brain, and kidney. Although there have been many review publications concerning risk factors for vascular aging, most include cross-sectional epidemiological studies, limiting inferences about temporality. There is a need for a review of longitudinal epidemiological studies with repeated measures of vascular structure and function to allow for a systematic examination of determinants of vascular age and the association of vascular aging with outcomes.

CONTENT

Arterial stiffness is the most frequently used measure of vascular aging. We report here results of an extensive literature review of longitudinal cohort studies with repeated measures of arterial stiffness to characterize determinants of vascular age. Additionally, we summarize population-based studies that have focused on the association of arterial stiffness with end-organ damage and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Changes in arterial stiffness are evident in early childhood. In adults, arterial stiffness has been observed to progress at the average rate of 0.2 to 0.7 m/s for every 5 years of life. The state of the science is limited by the small number of studies with repeated measures of arterial stiffness and determinants of arterial stiffness progression, as well as limited studies in children and diverse race/ethnic groups. Several extant studies suggest that beyond age, cardiometabolic risk factors and adverse lifestyle behaviors contribute to arterial stiffening. Therefore, arterial stiffness is important in the assessment of healthy vascular aging and a possible target for the prevention of subclinical and clinical disease.
From a lady to a lost ‘Prole’: Girls in the city in Polish cinema of the 1960s and early 1970s
Authors: Mazierska Ewa
Published: November 2018

The term ‘girl’ is by no means neutral, but culture-specific. A person called a ‘girl’ in one decade or place might not be classified as ‘girl’ in another. It is widely assumed that in the 1960s the very concept of ‘girlhood’ undertook a profound transformation. However, such claims are usually directed towards western culture. Much less has been written about girls in the countries of state socialism. To make up for this gap, this article considers representations of girls in two Polish films from the beginning of the 1960s, Niewinni czarodzieje (Innocent Sorcerers) (1960), directed by Andrzej Wajda and Do widzenia, do jutra (Good Bye, Till Tomorrow) (1960), directed by Jerzy Morgenstern; and two from the beginning of the 1970s, Seksolatki (Sex-Teenagers) (1971), directed by Zygmunt Hubner and Dziewczyny do wzięcia (Girls to Pick Up) (1971), directed by Janusz Kondratiuk – all set in two large Polish cities, Warsaw and Gdansk. It examines their appearance, their interests, their attitude to sex and their place in the city culture. Of special interest is the relationship between girlhood and class.
Swinging regions: Young women and club culture in 1960s Manchester
Authors: Milestone Katie
Published: November 2018

This article examines the opportunities for women to access a ‘Swinging Sixties’ life-style in a northern English city. The article is based upon interviews with women who actively participated in Manchester’s coffee club and discotheque scene in the mid-1960s. I explore the gendered dynamics of the cultural north/south divide and the ways in which girls in the regions carved out access to the style and experience of the ‘Swinging City’, dispelling the popular myth of this being exclusively attached to London. The interview data reveals high levels of creativity and agency and I examine the ways in which encounters with popular culture, notably night clubs, pop music and fashion, impacted on the women’s wider life choices and experiences. I also reflect on cinematic representations of young women in England in this period and the spatially motivated discourses pertinent to the case study.
Cool, sunglasses and the modern woman: Icons of the 1960s
Authors: Brown Vanessa
Published: November 2018

This article considers the enduring appeal of certain iconic images of (sub)urban/e women of the 1960s: Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961); Black Panther Kathleen Cleaver; and ‘Lolita’ as depicted in the promotional poster for Kubrick’s 1962 film. These are considered in relation to the idea of ‘coolness’, an attribute explored as problematic, yet generally desirable. Frequently perceived as a male attribute, even a male pathology, this article explores cool specifically in relation to iconic images of women, and their potential meanings both at the time of their creation and in the present day. It demonstrates how connections between coolness and modernity are articulated in imagery of women by the wearing of sunglasses, a material and embodied practise that allows acts of gazing to be nuanced in a variety of ways. At first sight, these images may have multiple, ambiguous and apparently contradictory meanings (from ‘nymphet’ to patriarchal refuser) but I will argue that viewing them through the use of sunglasses and the lens of ‘modern cool’ helps to refocus their power and continued, broad appeal as current benchmarks of still desirable, modern femininities, and therefore, their presence in a plethora of pastiches, consumer products and style discourses.
Book Review
Authors: Shiundu Alphonce
Published: November 2018

Blaming the Victim: How Global Journalism Fails those in Poverty, Jairo Lugo-Ocando (2015) London: Pluto Press ISBN 9780745334417, p/bk, £26.99 (with free eBook) ISBN 9780745334424, h/bk, £85 ISBN 9781783712274, eBook, £26.99
Integrating theory into illustration education: An interdisciplinary approach enhanced by artistic research in İstanbul
Authors: Veryeri Alaca Ilgım , Onmuş İpek
Published: November 2018

Focusing on the roles of theoretical engagement and artistic research in illustration education, this article presents a case primarily based on an undergraduate illustration course in the Media and Visual Arts Department of Koç University. Authored by the instructor of the illustration course and a former student in the course, this article provides insights on theory’s potential to stimulate illustration processes. In addition, it expands on this topic by carrying out eight structured interviews with instructors at other universities to contextualize the case study in relation to current illustration education in Turkey. This study deliberates on the innate presence of theory in illustration, the ways that theoretical arguments may be embedded in illustration, and how a flexible approach in education may facilitate the integration of theory and illustration with a personal flare.
Validation of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect virus titer and thermostability of Newcastle disease live virus vaccine
Authors: Dhar Pangkaj Kumar , Dutta Avijit , Das Avijit , Jalal Mohammad Shah , Barua Himel , Biswas Paritosh Kumar
Published: November 2018

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease is one of the most common diseases affecting poultry in Bangladesh. The disease can cause up to 100% mortality but is preventable if birds are timely and properly vaccinated with a vaccine of standard virus titer. Different live vaccines are commercially available in the country - most, if not all, are produced using lentogenic strains of the virus with variable virulence. One of the disadvantages of these vaccines is that they are not stable at high environmental temperature, and therefore, a proper cold chain must be maintained during transportation and storage. Information on how long these vaccine viruses can withstand environmental temperature, which is near the vicinity of 37°C in the summer season in Bangladesh, is scanty. The aim of this research was to measure the effect of temperature on virus titer of live ND virus vaccines and to develop a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) standard curve to indirectly determine hemagglutination (HA) titer of virus by this highly sensitive method.

Materials and Methods: In this study, thermostability of five commercial live vaccines containing LaSota, F, Clone 30, and B1 type LaSota strains was observed for up to 35 days keeping them at 37°C. From the most thermostability yielding sample, two rRT-PCR standard curves were developed: (1) By plotting the cycle threshold (CT) values as obtained from 10-fold serial dilutions up to 10-3 against their corresponding log (to the base 10) dilutions and (2) by plotting the CT values obtained from serial HA dilutions up to 2-4 against their corresponding HA titer dilutions. The PCR efficiencies based on which the graphs were fitted were also evaluated.

Results: The vaccine from the LaSota strain withstood 37°C for 35 days with a gradual declination of HA titer over time, and this vaccine also had the highest initial HA titer, which was 211. The vaccine made from F strain was inactivated quickly, and it had the lowest HA titer at the beginning of the study. The first standard curve developed can be used to assess the level of virus titer in a diluted sample compared with the titer in the original undiluted vaccine preparation by plotting the CT value obtained from the dilution by rRT-PCR. The second standard curve can be used to calculate the HA titer of a vaccine dilution by plotting the CT value as obtained from the dilution by rRT-PCR.

Conclusion: The regression equations for the first and second graphs were y=–3.535x+14.365 and y=–1.081x+13.703, respectively, suggesting that, for every 3.53 cycles, the PCR product would have increased 10 times and 2 times for every 1.08 cycles, respectively, indicating nearly (but not exactly) 100% PCR efficiency.

Keywords: LaSota strain, Newcastle disease, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, thermostability, vaccine, validation.
Epidemiological, clinical, and genotype characterization of spinocerebellar ataxia type in families in Buriram province, northeast Thailand
Authors: Wetchaphanphesat Suppachok , Mungaomklang Anek , Papsing Chutima , Pulkes Teeratorn
Published: November 2018

Background

In Thais, the most prevalent type of spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is type 3, most commonly known as Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), followed by SCA type 1 (SCA1), SCA2, and SCA6.

Objectives

To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and genotypic features of SCA in northeastern Thailand and to study 2 associations: between syndromic features and the genotype of SCA, and between health determinants and scores on the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA).

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 24 patients with autosomal dominant SCA from 13 families recruited from Buriram province in northeast Thailand between December 2009 and January 2014. Patients provided a clinical history and were examined by a neurologist. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of each patient. We analyzed associations between the type of SCA and sex, age, family history, clinical features, any underlying disease, age at onset, body weight, smoking status, family history, alcohol consumption, head injury history, and SARA.

Results

Seven of the families were positive for SCA1 and 6 for MJD. There were 24 index patients from these autosomal dominant SCA families, including 13 with SCA1 and 11 with MJD. Their average age was 43.7 years (range 20–72 years), whereas their average age at disease onset was 36.9 years (range 18–59 years). Pyramidal signs between MJD and SCA1 were not significantly different. Extrapyramidal features appeared uncommon. Horizontal nystagmus and upward gaze paresis were significantly associated with MJD. There were no significant differences in demographic data between the groups with SARA scores ≥15 or <15.

Conclusions

MJD and SCA1 were the 2 adult-onset cerebellar degenerative diseases found in Buriram province. Clinical clues for differentiating between them were upward gaze paresis and horizontal nystagmus, which were significantly more common in MJD.
Law invariant risk measures and information divergences
Authors: Lacker Daniel
Published: November 2018

Aone-to-one correspondence is drawnbetween lawinvariant risk measures and divergences,which we define as functionals of pairs of probability measures on arbitrary standard Borel spaces satisfying a few natural properties. Divergences include many classical information divergence measures, such as relative entropy and convex f -divergences. Several properties of divergence and their duality with law invariant risk measures are characterized, such as joint semicontinuity and convexity, and we notably relate their chain rules or additivity properties with certain notions of time consistency for dynamic law risk measures known as acceptance and rejection consistency. The examples of shortfall risk measures and optimized certainty equivalents are discussed in detail.
Software-based microarchitectural attacks
Authors: Gruss Daniel
Published: November 2018

Modern processors are highly optimized systems where every single cycle of computation time matters. Many optimizations depend on the data that is being processed. Microarchitectural attacks leak this data (side channels) or exploit physical imperfections to take control of the entire system (fault attacks). In my thesis (D. Gruss. Software-based Microarchitectural Attacks. PhD thesis, Graz University of Technology, 2017), I improved over state of the art in microarchitectural attacks and defenses in three dimensions. I cover these briefly in this summary. First, I show that attacks can be fully automated. Second, I present several novel previously unknown side channels. Third, I show that attacks can be mounted in highly restricted environments such as sandboxed JavaScript code in websites, and on any computer system including smartphones, tablets, personal computers, and commercial cloud systems. These results formed one of the corner stones for attacks like Meltdown (M. Lipp et al. Meltdown: Reading kernel memory from user space. In USENIX Security Symposium, 2018) and Spectre (P. Kocher et al. Spectre attacks: Exploiting speculative execution. In S&P, 2019) which were discovered months after the thesis was concluded.
Charakteristika nationaler Forschungsbedingungen
Authors: Hillebrand Vera
Published: November 2018

Der letzte Teil der Artikelreihe behandelt Eigenschaften nationaler Forschungsumgebungen und Unterschiede zwischen ihnen. Dafür entwickelte die Autorin basierend auf einer kleinen Anzahl qualitativer Interviews ein Modell, um zu veranschaulichen, welche Anreize Forschenden geboten werden sollten, um den gewünschten Mobilitätsfluss eines Nationalstaates anzuregen. Drei wichtige Eigenschaften nationaler Forschungsumgebungen beeinflussen die Mobilität von Forschenden direkt: Finanzielle Ressourcen, Forschungskultur und Infrastruktur. Aufgrund des geringen Umfangs der Interviewstudie sollte das Modell durch eine größere qualitative Datensammlung validiert werden.
Eine „autoritative“ Datenbank auf dem Prüfstand: Der Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) und seine Datenqualität
Authors: Tüür-Fröhlich Terje
Published: November 2018

Zitatdatenbanken bilden die Datengrundlagen für zahlreiche szientometrische Untersuchungen, Evaluationen wissenschaftlicher Leistungen und Uni-Rankings. In der Literatur finden sich kaum Hinweise auf endogene Fehler (Original richtig, Datenbankeintrag falsch) in den kostenpflichtigen Datenbanken. Banale Fehler (z. B. Falschschreibung der Namen von Autorinnen oder Autoren) in Datenbanken hätten nur geringe Relevanz. Die Fehlersuche zu Pierre Bourdieu als „cited author“ im SSCI (Vergleich Original – SSCI-Record) ergab mehr als 85 Mutationen. Die Fallstudien zeigen eine hohe Anzahl endogener Datenbankfehler. In den Rechtswissenschaften übliche Referenzen in Fußnoten laufen große Gefahr, in Phantomreferenzen verwandelt zu werden (Fallstudie Harvard Law Review: 99 Prozent Fehler). Dem Anspruch des SSCI, die „relevanten“ globalen Sozialwissenschaften abzubilden – für alle im SSCI erfassten Disziplinen –, stehen offenbar Mängel in Datenerfassung und -verarbeitung im Wege.
Improving Performance of Optical Networks by Using FRPI Algorithm
Authors: Poorzare Reza , Abedidarabad Siamak
Published: November 2018

Optical burst switching (OBS) is a new emerging network that is developing rapidly. By increasing the amount of traffic on the Internet the necessity for having networks like OBS ones that can carry heavy traffic is needed. These networks have an important problem due to being bufferless. The congestion control of the network is a little confusing for some protocols like transport control protocol (TCP) Vegas as they are appropriate for conventional wired networks not optical ones. When a drop happens in OBS networks it can be because of two reasons: 1. congestion and 2. Contention that has been possible due to the bufferless nature of the network. When a contention happens and a packet drops, TCP thinks that the network is experiencing heavy load however it may not, and it decreases the sending rate, as a result, it leads to a reduction in the performance of the network. In this paper, we are trying to improve the performance of the network by employing a new algorithm that called Fuzzy-RTT Performance Improver. This algorithm is based on fuzzy logic and round-trip time measurements. Simulative results show that this algorithm outperforms TCP Vegas in terms of throughput and packet delivery count.
Modal Adverbs in FDG: Putting the Theory to the Test
Authors: Keizer Evelien
Published: November 2018

One of the distinctive features of the theory of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) is that it distinguishes various hierarchically organized layers of analysis, each of which is provided with a slot for modifiers relevant at the layer in question. Linear placement of these modifiers is determined by the layer to which they belong, with the ordering of elements taking place in a top-down, outward-inward manner. The model, in other words, makes predictions concerning the (relative) clausal position of different types of modifiers. In addition, the model places constraints on the occurrence of different types of modifiers in embedded environments (e.g. within the complement of certain types of verbs). Finally, the model places constraints on which modifiers can be expected to co-occur in coordinated constructions. The aim of the present paper is to test these predictions by examining the function, position and distribution of ten adverbs expressing various kinds of modality. Data from the British National Corpus (BYU-BNC) is used (i) to determine whether the predictions following from the overall organization of the FDG model are supported by empirical data; and (ii) to refine, where necessary, the classifications of modal adverbs proposed in the literature.
Processing polymer nanocomposites with natural additives for medical applications
Authors: Topaloğlu Yazıcı Demet , Yener Arzu
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of natural additive incorporation on processing nanocomposites and their effect on the functional characteristics of nanocomposites such as water uptake characteristics, drug adsorption and dissolution behaviors. Chitosan and montmorillonite were processed with olive oil and glycerin natural additives. In order to compare the processing results, the structure and the morphology of the polymer nanocomposites were examined by using infrared spectra, X-ray diffractograms and electron microscope images. Processing with nontoxic and healthful olive oil as a hydrophobizing agent overcame the high water uptake properties of the polymer nanocomposites and eliminated the use of other expensive chemicals. The nanocomposites without additives adsorbed the highest amounts of methylene blue at equilibrium. In vitamin B12 dissolution studies, not only the additives but also the reinforcement affected the results. Obviously, it can be seen that both the natural additive types and the reinforcement modification effects governed the drug adsorption and dissolution behaviors of the new tailored polymer nanocomposites. Moreover, the additives also improved the processing and handling abilities of these polymer nanocomposites. According to the results, these nanocomposites are promising candidates for medical applications like as a carrier for drug delivery and for skin treatment studies.
“Presentation” and “representation” of contents as principles of media convergence: A model of rhetorical narrativity of interactive multimedia design in mass communication with a case study of the digital edition of the New York Times
Authors: Haase Fee-Alexandra
Published: November 2018

This article presents a model and a case study of the narrative structures that are present in the interactive media design of multimedia applications in the mass media. As basic categories for the history and structure of media, we employ the model of the modes of the physical, analog, and digital presentation/representation. In this case study of the online edition of the New York Times, we have the case of a newspaper that in the digital edition employs multi-media applications. Contrasting the traditional concept of “narrativity” with the current status quo of the digital media outlets, we will examine the specific conditions of the multimedia applications in the mass media with this sample case of the New York Times. As narrative structure of interactive design in multimedia for mass communication, we analyze the types of narrative media and general narrativity in the New York Times with the background of its processes of interactivity and media convergence.
L’énonciation et l’avènement de Gaston Lagaffe
Authors: Duée Claude
Published: November 2018

Gaston Lagaffe est apparu en 1957 dans la revue Spirou dans une vignette au milieu d’une page de texte. Dans ce genre de revue de l’époque, le texte côtoyait la bande dessinée éditée sous la forme d’un feuilleton qu’un jour par semaine les jeunes allaient chercher avec avidité afin de savoir ce qui était arrivé à leur personnage préféré. C’est dans ce contexte qu’est né le personnage Gaston. Sa consolidation en tant que personnage puis (anti-)héros se fait petit à petit au fil des numéros, au fil des images et du discours, avec l’intervention des lecteurs, de l’auteur, des personnages qui tendent à s’effacer ou à être effacé pour laisser malgré eux la place à Gaston. C’est à travers la prise de parole de ce personnage, dont le discours était, dans un premier temps, uniquement imagé, qu’il s’est transformé et s’est constitué comme anti-héros. C’est donc l’émergence progressive de Gaston dans l’énonciation que nous allons ici étudier. Nous tenterons de montrer comment un personnage comme Gaston s’approprie l’énonciation visuelle et renverse les valeurs texte / image au profit de l’image / texte au point que le discours repose d’abord sur l’image, reléguant le discours oral (écrit) à certains moments clés qui feront avancer la transformation du personnage. Cette appropriation visuelle, liée à son statut de personnage, ne peut d’ailleurs se faire que grâce à la prise de parole, brève, de Gaston et à l’effacement de son concurrent, Fantasio.
O peritexto no álbum de Manuela Bacelar
Authors: Rodrigues Carina Miguel
Published: November 2018

Pretende-se, neste ensaio, examinar a composição gráfica/editorial do álbum escrito e ilustrado por Manuela Bacelar ? figura precursora na criação deste tipo de livro em Portugal ?, atentando no seu peritexto, enquanto componente semanticamente ativa e com relevantes potencialidades na construção da significação e da narratividade.