bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and Properties of CuCr0.6 Alloy after Severe Plastic Deformation
Authors: Rodak Kinga , Sobota Joanna , Głuchowski Wojciech
Published: March 2017

This paper focuses on the effect of rolling with cyclic movement of rolls (RCMR) on microstructure refinement, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of CuCr0.6 alloy after applying different heat treatments (quenching and aging). It was found that the presence of second phase particles obtained during aging treatment has a significant effect on the formation of ultrafine grain (UFG) structure during the RCMR processing. The presence of high dislocation density inside subgrains and presence microshear bands are the marked features of the microstructure after aging at 500°C/2h and RCMR deformation. Whereas after aging at 700°C/24h and RCMR processing, fine precipitates were effective in inhibiting the grain/subgrain boundary motion. The RCMR processed alloy after aging at 500°C/2h shows high mechanical strength attributed to the high density of coherent precipitates and ultrafine grained structure. The RCMR processing induces a significant reduction of the electrical conductivity for samples at quenching state but for samples at aging state electrical conductivity was restored thanks to precipitation process.
Analysis of Residual Stress on FSW AA 6061 Using Hole-Drilling with ESPI for HFMI Treated Condition
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Ackiel , Manurung Yupiter H.P. , Laakkonen Markus
Published: March 2017

Tensile residual stress in friction stir welded (FSW) Aluminum alloy joints is well known to be detrimental to fatigue resistance properties of joints imperiled to dynamic loading. Hence, it is important to translate the prevailing tensile residual stress to a more favorable compressive residual stress to enhance the fatigue life cycle of the welded joints. In this study, the longitudinal and transverse residual stress for FSW AA 6061 joints is measured using the hole-drilling method with electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) for various conditions. This method combines the tried-and-true hole-drilling method with digital imaging and ESPI, eliminating the application of a strain gage through stress depth profile measurements by incremental drilling. The residual stress is measured for the FSW as-welded and high frequency mechanical impact/pneumatic impact treatment (HFMI/PIT)-treated conditions.
Effect of Zr-Addition to Ti-14Mn Alloy
Authors: Gouda Mohammed K. , Gepreel Mohamed Abdel Hady , Nakamura Koichi , Chiba Akihiko
Published: March 2017

The effect of Zr addition on the microstructure, cold workability and hardness of low-cost Ti-14Mn alloy was investigated. A set of alloys with1.5, 3 and6%wt. Zr were produced by arc melting. The alloys were subjected to solution heat treatment at 900 °C.Zr seems working as weak β-stabilizer in this Ti-14Mn-xZr alloy system. The effect of Zr-content on the cold workability was assessed.The cold workability of the Ti-14Mn-xZr alloys (withZr up to 6%) is higher than 90% reduction ration. The hardness slightly increased with the increase ofZr-content in Ti-14Mn-xZr alloys in both solution treated and cold rolled conditions.
Study on Utilization of Palm Frond for Wood Plastic Composite
Authors: Bahruddin Bahruddin , Helwani Zuchra , Martani Russita
Published: March 2017

Palm frond waste is a lignoselulose material that is abundant availability in Indonesia. The material has potential to be used as raw material for wood plastic composite material (WPC). The purpose of this reseach was to study the effect of levels of treated palm frond (TPF) and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) compatibilizer to the properties and morphology of the palm frond-based WPC. As thermoplastic component was used polypropylene (PP). Extractable components from palm fronds removed with water washing and drying. The WPC samples were prepared by mixing PP, TPF, MAPP and paraffin in the internal mixer at temperature of 170°C and rotor speed of 80 rpm for 15 minutes. The mass ratio of PP/TPF was varied with 50/50, 60/40 and 70/30 w/w. The MAPP levels was varied with 0%, 4% and 5% w/w. Paraffin was used as a palsticizer with a level of 2% w/w. The testing included tensile and flexural properties by using universal testing machine (UTM) according to ASTM D-678 and ASTM D-790 standards, respectively. Other testing also conducted for morphology by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and water adsorption test. The result indicate that the best properties of the WPC sample obtained at PP/TPF mass ratio of 60/40 w/w and MAPP level of 5% w/w, with tensile strength of 156 kgf/cm2 and flexural strength of 598 kgf/cm2 with water adsorption of 1.4% w/w.
Investigation of Polyurethane Bonding to Steel in Sandwich Panels
Authors: Pereira Meyrick , Ramezani Maziar , Pasang Timotius , Withy Ben
Published: March 2017

Sandwich panels made of thin and stiff skins, connected by a thick and soft core are widely used in load-bearing components mainly due to their high strength to weight ratio. To improve the reliability in using sandwich beams, it is necessary to understand their responses under external mechanical and environmental stimuli. This paper investigates the construction of steel-polyurethane-steel sandwich panels and their mechanical properties. Key properties of a sandwich structure are the adhesion between the skins and the sandwich material, and the load transfer from the outer skin to the inner skin. Lap shear specimens were selected to give an indication of the bond strength of the polyurethane to steel, whilst three point bend test specimens were selected to indicate the degree of load transfer between the skins and the bending resistance provided by the sandwich structure.
Study of Sawdust and Expanded Polystyrene as Cavity Filler Material on the Effect of Thermal Conductivity in Perforated Clay Brick
Authors: Lai Mun Kou , Maged Abdullah Salem Basalem
Published: March 2017

The main objective of this paper is to reduce the amount of external heat penetrating the building wall, hence reducing the cooling load requirements and eventually the electricity consumption. Expanded polystyrene and wood sawdust were chosen as filler material to reduce the thermal conductivity in perforated bricks because both are commonly found waste products with good potential due to their lightweight, low thermal conductivity and high specific heat. It was found that bricks with polystyrene recorded the lowest temperature change. Although sawdust has a much higher thermal conductivity, the temperature change is almost similar to that of polystyrene. This could be attributed by the higher density of wood, which means more mass are occupying the same volume of space. Hence, the paper found that thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and density of the filler material can influence the effective thermal conductivity of the perforated brick.
Improving Interfacial Adhesion of Sub-Micro PA6 Composites with De-Sized Carbon Fiber
Authors: Gabr Mohamed H. , Uzawa Kiyoshi
Published: March 2017

In our previous study we showed the the potential of using of sub-micro Alumina/Titanium (ALTi) particles as a multifunctional reinforcement which can produce multifunctional polymer composites. This paper aims to investigate the interfacial shear properties for different contents of ALTi particles incorporated into PA6 with de-sized carbon fiber. By means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), activated carbon atoms can be detected, which are defined as the carbon atoms conjunction with oxygen and nitrogen. Sizing removal can reduce the acid parameter of carbon fibers surface promoting bonding strength at the fiber/matrix interface which is a desirable property for the carbon fiber composites. XPS also, showed that epoxide group still appeared with using acetone treatment while disappeared with conventional heating at the oven for 25min ate 450oC. SEM images did not show any damage for the carbon fiber after heat treatment. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS) showed an improvement in interfacial adhesion with de-sizing carbon fiber than neat PA6.
Morphological and Spectral Analysis of Polystyrene-Block-Polyisoprene-Poly(Butyl Acrylate) Triblock Copolymer
Authors: Mukhsin Norzurain , Abu Hassan Shaari Helyati , Ishak Mohd Azlan Mohd , Noor Aishatun Abd Majid
Published: March 2017

Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-poly (butyl acrylate) or PS-b-PI-b-PBA triblock copolymer with different ratio (5:5 and 4:6) of styrene and isoprene unit have been synthesized by anionic polymerization. The product had been characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and N-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR). The results of SEM images reveal that more rubber matrix can be seen for 4:6 ratios as compared to 5:5 ratios due to high content of isoprene in the copolymer. H-NMR results indicate that the peaks of polystyrene, polyisoprene and butyl acrylate for ratio 5:5 exists at 6.50 – 7.28 ppm, 4.68 – 4.88 ppm, and 0.80 – 1.83 ppm. As for ratio 4:6, the peaks can be observed at 6.30 – 7.33 ppm, 5.19 – 5.70 ppm, and 1.18 – 1.78 ppm respectively. The H-NMR analysis of the copolymer microstructure confirms that both copolymer are primarily consists of polystyrene, polyisoprene and polybutyl acrylate segment.
Effect of Replacing Carbon Black with Organo-Modified Bentonite and Acid-Activated Zeolite on Vulcanization Characteristics of Natural Rubber Tire Tread
Authors: Pajarito Bryan B. , Gines Kimberly A. , Baluyut Angelica S. , de Leon Jennielyn Aina A. , Villa Ralph P.
Published: March 2017

The effect of replacing carbon black with organo-modified bentonite and acid-activated zeolite on vulcanization characteristics of natural rubber tire tread was studied using a simplex-lattice mixture design of experiment. Minimum elastic torque ML, maximum elastic torque MH, scorch time ts1, and cure time tc90 of tire treads were modeled in terms of amount of carbon black, organo-modified bentonite, and acid-activated zeolite in the formulation. Contour plots show reduction in ML when carbon black is replaced with a blend of bentonite and zeolite. However, full replacement with acid-activated zeolite increases ML. MH is lowered when carbon black is replaced with bentonite or zeolite. Results also show scorch and curing times to be accelerated when carbon black is replaced with organo-modified bentonite. Meanwhile, vulcanization is retarded as amount of acid-activated zeolite in the formulation is increased.
Metal Organic Frameworks-Templated Hollow Mn2NiO4 Flower for Enhanced Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Zhou Ran , Huang Yi Zhong , Bai Shu Xin
Published: March 2017

A facile strategy of uniform flower-shaped binary-metal-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been successfully synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method as the precursor of porous Mn2NiO4 nanostructures. After heat treatment at different temperatures, the as-prepared Mn2NiO4 inherits the morphologies of MOFs and can hold until 450°C. This porous Mn2NiO4, used as supercapacitor electrodes, exhibits a high specific capacitance (531.5 F g-1 at a current density of 1.0 A g-1), with a relatively high specific surface area (114.2 m2 g-1). The high capacitance is mainly attributed to the porous and hierarchical structure, which facilitates fast diffusion of active ions, improves structural stability and large contact area between Mn2NiO4 and the electrolyte. The developed synthetic strategy may provide design guidelines for constructing advanced ternary nanostructured supercapacitors electrode.
RAFT Polymerization of Dual Responsive Hyperbranched-Star Copolymers of Methacrylic Acid and Poly(Ethylene Glycol)
Authors: Atayde Jr. Eduardo C. , Berenguel Monica M. , Arco Susan D.
Published: March 2017

Smart polymers are materials that respond to external stimuli via reversible morphological changes, making them potential systems for drug delivery applications. In this study, dual-responsive star copolymers with a hyperbranched core composed of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) - methacrylic acid (MAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) arms were synthesized via two-step Reversible Addition-fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) block copolymerization. The synthesis involved the formation of the hyperbranched MAA core followed by arm extension with PEGMA. The formation of the hyperbranched core and subsequent copolymerization with PEGMA were verified by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The distinct EGDMA peak was found at 4.3 ppm while the peak attributed to PEGMA was found at around 3.5 ppm. Furthermore, the synthesized block copolymers were both temperature and pH-responsive with LCST value at 57°C and morphological transition at pH 5.6. The synthesized smart polymer was also biocompatible based on Trypan blue cytotoxicity assay. The inherent dual responsive behavior and biocompatibility of the copolymer render it a good candidate for drug delivery systems.
Study on the Mechanism of Pores Deformation in Aluminium Composites under Hot and Cold Upsetting Processes
Authors: Rajeshkannan Ananthanarayanan
Published: March 2017

Pore closure behavior in sintered Al-4Fe3C and Al-4Fe3C-2Cu composite preforms were studied under cold and hot deformation conditions. Preforms of 0.2 aspect ratios with 85±1% initial density were prepared through compaction operation using 1 MN hydraulic press. For hot deformation, directly as sintered preforms are subjected to swaging operation to different strain rate. Preforms that are allowed to cool it to room temperature within the furnace after sintering process are subjected to cold upsetting till visible cracks appear on diametrical surface. The comparative analysis on pore closure against stress, strain, Poisson’s ratio and the stress formability index are performed.
Thermodynamics of Formaldehyde Removal by Adsorption onto Nanosilver Loaded Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon
Authors: Rengga Wara Dyah Pita , Wahyuni Sri , Feinnudin Agung
Published: March 2017

The performance of nanosilver loaded bamboo-based activated carbon as an adsorbent used for the adsorptive removal of formaldehyde in the air. The size porous of the active carbon is predominantly on the size of mesoporous and microporous. Adsorption tests have been evaluated in laboratory scale fixed-bed column, at different temperatures and initial formaldehyde concentration. In order to investigate is both equilibrium and thermodynamic aspects. The experimental data was fitted with Langmuir model and fit well with the adsorption capacity of 91-110 mg/g. The increase in temperature reduces the adsorption capacity. The thermodynamic parameters show that the values of ∆Go obtained to confirm the feasibility of activated carbon effective sorbents of formaldehyde. The formaldehyde adsorption process is exothermic and adsorbent has a good affinity to formaldehyde.
Inflammatory Changes in Bone Marrow Microenvironment Associated with Declining B Lymphopoiesis
Authors: Kennedy Domenick E. , Knight Katherine L.
Published: March 2017

B lymphopoiesis arrests precipitously in rabbits such that by 2–4 mo of age, before sexual maturity, little to no B lymphopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow (BM). Previously, we showed that in mice, adipocytes inhibit B lymphopoiesis in vitro by inducing inflammatory myeloid cells, which produce IL-1β. In this study, we characterized rabbit BM after the arrest of B lymphopoiesis and found a dramatic increase in fat, increased CD11b+ myeloid cells, and upregulated expression of the inflammatory molecules, IL-1β and S100A9, by the myeloid cells. We added BM fat, CD11b+ myeloid cells, and recombinant S100A9 to B lymphopoiesis cultures and found that they inhibited B lymphopoiesis and enhanced myelopoiesis. Unlike IL-1β, which inhibits B lymphopoiesis by acting on early lymphoid progenitors, S100A9 inhibits B lymphopoiesis by acting on myeloid cells and promoting the release of inflammatory molecules, including IL-1β. Many molecules produced by adipocytes activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the NLRP3 inhibitor, glibenclamide, restored B lymphopoiesis and minimized induction of myeloid cells induced by adipocyte-conditioned medium in vitro. We suggest that fat provides an inflammatory microenvironment in the BM and promotes/activates myeloid cells to produce inflammatory molecules such as IL-1β and S100A9, which negatively regulate B lymphopoiesis.
G-CSF Receptor Blockade Ameliorates Arthritic Pain and Disease
Authors: Lee Ming-Chin , McCubbin James A. , Christensen Anne D. , Poole Daniel P. , Rajasekhar Pradeep , Lieu TinaMarie , Bunnett Nigel W. , Garcia-Caraballo Sonia , Erickson Andelain , Brierley Stuart M. , Saleh Reem , Achuthan Adrian , Fleetwood Andrew J. , Anderson Robin L. , Hamilton John A. , Cook Andrew D.
Published: March 2017

G-CSF or CSF-3, originally defined as a regulator of granulocyte lineage development via its cell surface receptor (G-CSFR), can play a role in inflammation, and hence in many pathologies, due to its effects on mature lineage populations. Given this, and because pain is an extremely important arthritis symptom, the efficacy of an anti–G-CSFR mAb for arthritic pain and disease was compared with that of a neutrophil-depleting mAb, anti-Ly6G, in both adaptive and innate immune-mediated murine models. Pain and disease were ameliorated in Ag-induced arthritis, zymosan-induced arthritis, and methylated BSA/IL-1 arthritis by both prophylactic and therapeutic anti–G-CSFR mAb treatment, whereas only prophylactic anti-Ly6G mAb treatment was effective. Efficacy for pain and disease correlated with reduced joint neutrophil numbers and, importantly, benefits were noted without necessarily the concomitant reduction in circulating neutrophils. Anti–G-CSFR mAb also suppressed zymosan-induced inflammatory pain. A new G-CSF–driven (methylated BSA/G-CSF) arthritis model was established enabling us to demonstrate that pain was blocked by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, suggesting an indirect effect on neurons. Correspondingly, dorsal root ganglion neurons cultured in G-CSF failed to respond to G-CSF in vitro, and Csf3r gene expression could not be detected in dorsal root ganglion neurons by single-cell RT-PCR. These data suggest that G-CSFR/G-CSF targeting may be a safe therapeutic strategy for arthritis and other inflammatory conditions, particularly those in which pain is important, as well as for inflammatory pain per se.
Cochlear Impairment and Autoimmune Ear Disorder in a Patient with Breast Cancer
Authors: Fioretti Alessandra , Di Rubbo Vittoria , Peri Giorgia , Vitti Elisa , Cisternino Sara , Varakliotis Theodoros , Eibenstein Alberto
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to consider the possible role of autoimmune diseases and paraneoplastic syndrome in the genesis of tinnitus. The incidence of autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is rare, accounting for <1% of all cases of hearing impairment and dizziness. In presence of auditory and vestibular deficit in oncological patients, a paraneoplastic syndrome with cochleovestibulopathy should be considered. We described a 50-year-old Caucasian woman came to our attention with complaints of severe disabling bilateral tinnitus (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, THI: 96), ear fullness and headache. The onset of tinnitus was associated to the last breast implant and prolonged antibiotic therapy. Serological autoimmunity tests were positive and a diagnosis of mixed connective tissue disease with notes of fibromyalgia was made. Pure tone audiometry testing revealed bilateral fluctuating mild hearing loss on high frequencies. The tinnitus was successfully treated with bilateral wideband sound generators (listening 8-9 hours for day) regulated at the mixing point. At 12 months follow up THI has shrunk considerably (THI: 4) and the patient has continued treatment only with the sound pillow. In conclusion significant progress is needed to better understand the role of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of paraneoplastic cochleovestibulopathy. To our knowledge, our study is the first in which hearing loss and tinnitus is considered as a manifestation of a paraneoplastic syndrome.
Aromatase inhibitor therapy in a cystic fibrosis patient with thoracic endometriosis
Authors: Filippova Olga T. , Godoy Heidi E. , Timmins III Patrick F.
Published: March 2017

The thoracic cavity is the number one site for extrapelvic endometriosis, with catamenial pneumothorax as the most common presenting symptom. Its treatment algorithm is similar to the one for pelvic endometriosis, with the goal of inducing a hypoestrogenic state. However, if medical treatment fails, lung resection may be the only option. We present a case of a 44-year-old female with cystic fibrosis and known pelvic endometriosis, who was diagnosed with thoracic endometriosis after presenting with catamenial hemoptysis. After having a recurrence more than four years after a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, she was started on aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy to avoid lung resection. Such therapy with an AI successfully treated recurrent thoracic endometriosis in a patient with cystic fibrosis, i.e. not an ideal candidate for lung resection.
Denervation does not induce muscle atrophy through oxidative stress
Authors: Pigna Eva , Greco Emanuela , Morozzi Giulio , Grottelli Silvia , Rotini Alessio , Minelli Alba , Fulle Stefania , Adamo Sergio , Mancinelli Rosa , Bellezza Ilaria , Moresi Viviana
Published: March 2017

Denervation leads to the activation of the catabolic pathways, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy, resulting in skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness. Furthermore, denervation induces oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, which is thought to contribute to the induction of skeletal muscle atrophy. Several muscle diseases are characterized by denervation, but the molecular pathways contributing to muscle atrophy have been only partially described. Our study delineates the kinetics of activation of oxidative stress response in skeletal muscle following denervation. Despite the denervation-dependent induction of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle, treatments with anti-oxidant drugs do not prevent the reduction of muscle mass. Our results indicate that, although oxidative stress may contribute to the activation of the response to denervation, it is not responsible by itself of oxidative damage or neurogenic muscle atrophy.
Occupational hazards correlates of ocular disorders in Ghanaian fisheries
Authors: Kyei Samuel , Owusu-Ansah Andrew , Boadi-Kusi Samuel Bert , Abbey Dennis Nii , Abu Emmanuel Kwasi
Published: March 2017

The study examined the ocular health of agricultural workers in the fisheries sub sector with the aim of establishing a possible correlation between the work place hazards and their ocular health. A multi-stage random sampling (involving 683 subjects, 358 fishmongers and 325 fishers) was employed. Ocular hazards encountered at the work place included seawater, sand or dust, heat, sunrays and smoke. Exposure to these hazards were found to be associated with ocular irritation (P<0.001), tearing (P<0.001), red eye (P<0.001), gritty sensation (P<0.001), blurred distant vision (P=0.001) and blurred near vision (P=0.001). The development of pterygium was associated with the exposure to sunrays (P=0.042) and heat (P=0.001) among fishmongers. Further analysis using multivariate logistic regression indicated exposure to heat as the most important predictive factor for pterygium (OR=1.951, P=0.003). Exposure to seawater was found to be associated with the development of cataract (P=0.022) among fishermen/fishers. Cataract among fishmongers was rather associated with exposure to heat (P=0.005), sunrays (P=0.035) and sand/dust (P=0.002). Exposure to work place hazards is associated with ocular disorders in the fishing industry of Ghana.
Chronic diseases in Nyeri, Kenya: a study of knowledge and perceptions
Authors: Freiberg Michael A.T. , Onyango Nelson O. , Ashbaugh Stephanie J. , Mehta Khanjan
Published: March 2017

The burden of chronic, non-communicable disease such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer is growing in many developing countries including Kenya. The use of community health workers is an important tool to improve the access to care and education in rural areas. This study aims to understand the knowledge and perceptions among the general population regarding three chronic diseases – diabetes, hypertension, and cancer – in Nyeri, Kenya. Standardized, open-ended interviews were conducted with 200 participants. This study shows that most individuals interviewed are familiar with these three diseases; however, knowledge varied among individuals with many having significant gaps in knowledge. These results are consistent with previous studies from this region and will inform future education directed at community health workers and the general population.
Effect of plaque accumulation and occlusal overload on peri-implant bone loss
Authors: Dellepiane Elena , Menini Maria , Canepa Paolo , Pera Paolo
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a case report where the influence of plaque accumulation and overload on a dental implant was observed. The patient presented crown loss on one implant affected by peri-implant bone resorption and gingival inflammation associated with poor oral hygiene. After 12 months a single crown was delivered, but as soon as the occlusal load was applied bone loss and implant failure occurred. In the present case report the dental implant remained stable as long as the implant was not loaded, although a 100% plaque index and bleeding on probing were present during the entire followup period. In contrast, as soon as an occlusal load was applied periimplant bone loss and implant failure occurred. These observations suggest that plaque accumulation alone is not a triggering factor for peri-implant bone loss and implant failure. On the contrary, occlusal load, when not properly controlled, might cause bone resorption.
Effects of different circuit training protocols on body mass, fat mass and blood parameters in overweight adults
Authors: Contrò Valentina , Bianco Antonino , Cooper Jill , Sacco Alessia , Macchiarella Alessandra , Traina Marcello , Proia Patrizia
Published: March 2017

Benefits of exercise are known for a long time, but mechanisms underlying the exercise mode recommendations for specific chronic cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different circuit training protocols in order to determine which is the best for weight loss and for specific overweight- related disorders. Forty-five female sedentary overweight participants from 20 to 50 years (average 31.8±11.2) were enrolled and assigned to three different groups; each group was compared with a control normal-weight group. Three different circuit protocols were randomly assigned to each overweight group: aerobictone- aerobic (ATA), aerobic-circuit-aerobic (ACA) and mini-trampoline circuit (MTC), while control group performed a classic circuit weight training (CWT). Every group trained three times per week, for 12 weeks. The results show that ATA group reduced body fat and total body mass more than other groups (P<0.001; P=0.007). ACA group reduced total body mass in significant statistical way (P=0.032), as well as body fat (P<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.013). In MTC group there was a significant reduction in every parameter we analyzed (total body mass, body fat and lipid profile: P<0.001). CWT group has shown a significant loss only in body fat (P<0.001). Every circuit protocol is optimal for reducing body fat and total body mass: however, MTC protocol has shown the best results on lipid profile.
Effect of Citrullus colocynthis L. (Cucurbitaceae) agglutinin on gene expression of caspases in Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Ramzi S. , Sahragard A. , Sendi J.J. , Aalami A.
Published: March 2017

The larvae of Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller were reared on the artificial diets containing 2% of Citrullus colocynthis L. (Cucurbitaceae) lectin and control to find any changes in gene expression of caspases. Specific primers were designed to amplify genes of six found caspases including Caspase 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. RNA of both treatments were extracted and cDNA molecules were synthesized prior to gene expression. Results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that expression of all caspases in the fed larvae by 2% of lectin increased in comparison with control except for caspase 1 as 2.99, 5.7, 17.13, 23.18, 10.44-fold. These results are consistent with our previous studies on the lower activities of digestive enzymes that are due to death of midgut cells followed by binding of lectin molecule.
Physical characteristics and reproductive performance in Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Dieng H. , Abang F. , Ahmad A.H. , Abd Ghani I. , Satho T. , Miake F. , Ahmad H. , Zuharah W.F. , Majid A.H.A , Morales R.E. , Morales N.P. , Hipolito C.N. , Noweg G.T.
Published: March 2017

Body size is a physical factor of crucial importance underlying important traits of the reproductive dynamics of both sexes in mosquitoes. Most studies on the influence of body size in mating success of dengue vectors addressed sperm transfer to females and did not consider egg production, a prerequisite for population maintenance; male body size impact on reproduction has attracted little research interest with respect to sterile insect technique. In experiments involving differently sized adults, we examined whether the body size of the mates is a source of variation in reproductive outcome in Aedes aegypti. In the absence of male partners, large females (LF) showed better fecundity than small females (SF). In intraclass mating trials, egg production was much greater in largesized than smallsized pairs. There were comparable fecundities in large females mated with small males and large pairs. [SF•SM] and [SF•LM] pairs showed equivalent fecundity. Nonmating did not result in the production of viable eggs by either small or large females. We also observed that eggs produced by largesized females mated with small males had better hatching success than those from either small or large pairs. Mating between small females and large males resulted in poor egg viability.
Species composition of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Farashband district, southwest of Iran
Authors: Soltani Z. , Keshavarzi D.
Published: March 2017

Mosquitoes are potential vectors of some important diseases for humans and animals. Apart from mosquito borne diseases, mosquitoes cause nuisances for both humans and animals when they are abundant. The objective of this study was to determine the fauna of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Farashband County, southwest of Iran. The study was carried out from April to September 2012. Four collection sites, were selected randomly with regard to existing facilities in Farashband County. Sampling was carried out by dipping technique for collecting larvae and pyrethrum space spray collection (PSSC) for adult mosquitoes. Mean temperature was recorded for every month. A total of 1152 adults and 1505 larvae of Culicidae mosquitoes were collected, of which 3 genera and 7 species of Culicidae were recognized, namely, Anopheles superpictus, An. dthali, Culex sitaiticus, Cx. theileri, Cx. pipiens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Culiseta longiareolata. Cs. longiareolata was the most frequent Culicidae mosquito collected at Farashband, with a total of 513, and 249 specimens, by larval and PSSC collection, respectively. The highest numbers of mosquitoes were collected in July (34.9%) and the lowest in April (3.8%), respectively. Regarding this research, there are some potential vectors in medical and veterinary importance in Farashband County and they are more active in July and June.
An updated review of cribriform carcinomas with emphasis on histopathological diagnosis and prognostic significance
Authors: Branca Giovanni , Ieni Antonio , Barresi Valeria , Tuccari Giovanni , Caruso Rosario Alberto
Published: March 2017

Cribriform is a histopathological term used to describe a neoplastic epithelial proliferation in the form of large nests perforated by many quite rounded different-sized spaces. This growth pattern may be seen in carcinomas arising in different organs, and shows important prognostic implications. Therefore, recent data in literature suggest that cribriform carcinoma is a histologically and clinically distinctive type of tumour that should be separated from other similar tumour types. In this article, the pathology of cribriform adenocarcinoma of the prostate, lung, breast, stomach, colon, thyroid, and skin is discussed with particular reference to morphologic and immunohistochemical features, differential diagnosis, and clinical behaviour.
Possibility of oxygen-ozone therapy in the geriatric patient
Authors: Franzini Marianno , Ionita Giulia
Published: March 2017

In the context of multidisciplinary care of elderly patients, this work will want to consider the presence of osteo-articular and muscular pain, mostly chronic, of these subjects. The treatment has made use of oxygen-ozone therapy, given the absence of side effects of this minimally invasive technique, and the possibility of its use simultaneously with an already established poly-drug therapy, as typically found in the geriatric patient.
A Rare Case of Nasal Schwannoma of Middle Turbinate
Authors: Sathe Nilam U. , Shelke Sheetal , Marfatia Hetal , Mishra Shampa
Published: March 2017

Schwannoma is a benign, slow-growing nerve sheath tumor derived from the Schwann cells. Cases with nasal schwannoma arising from nasal septum and inferior turbinate have been reported, though being rare. A 32-yearold male patient presented to our hospital with left side progressive nasal blockage since 4 months and multiple episodes of epistaxis. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed left side smooth spherical nasal mass, which was bleeding on touch. Computed tomography was done, which was suggestive of right side deviated nasal septum. Left nasal cavity soft tissue lesion extended into anterior ethemoid cells, causing widening of the osteomeatal complex. The patient underwent endoscopic excision of nasal mass. Histopathology of nasal mass suggested nasal schwannoma. Though nasal schwannoma is rare, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in case of unilateral nasal mass with epistaxis. Definitive diagnosis of schwannoma can be considered only after final histopathological reporting of the surgical specimen.
Functional drug response assay for cancer stem cells in the era of precision medicine
Authors: Howard Candace M. , Valluri Jagan , Claudio Pier Paolo
Published: March 2017

Not available.
Can onlay's be an alternative restoration for severely damaged primary teeth
Authors: Coban Begum Gok , Kirzioglu Zuhal , Altun Ayse Ceren
Published: March 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate indirect compomer and composite resin onlay restorations of severely damaged primary molars in vivo. Materials and Methods: At the study, 48 restorations, in seven girls and ten boys totally 17 patients aged 4–8, was evaluated clinically with using USPHS criteria for 15 months. Results: The study results revealed that the clinical success rate of compomer and composite onlay restorations was 79% and 96%, respectively. No significant differences were found statistically between the materials. Conclusions: In the children severely damaged primary molars, onlays are usually worked with an indirect technique in clinics. One of the advantages of indirect technique is being most similar to its original form morphologically.
Lightness, chroma, and hue distributions in natural teeth measured by a spectrophotometer
Authors: Pustina-Krasniqi Teuta , Shala Kujtim , Staka Gloria , Bicaj Teuta , Ahmedi Enis , Dula Linda
Published: March 2017

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of color parameters, lightness (L*), chroma (C), hue (H), a* and b*, in the intercanine sector in maxilla. Material and Methods: Patients' tooth color measurements were performed using an intraoral spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade® (VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH and Co. KG, Bad Sackingen, Germany). The measurements were made in 255 subjects in the intercanine sector in maxilla. Results: The mean values for the group of 255 subjects were as follows: L*, a*, b*, C, and H as 81.6, 0.67, 21.6, 21.7, and 92.7, respectively. For F=206.27 and P < 0.001 between L*, a*, b*, C, H, and central incisor/lateral incisor/canines, there were statistically significant differences. Conclusion: With the statistical analysis, it was determined that there are significant color differences between the teeth of the intercanine sector, which differences are clinically significant also.
The World of Orthodontic apps.
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Vaid Nikhilesh R.
Published: March 2017

The usage of the portable electronic devices such as the smartphones and handheld tablets has increased over the years, and this is true in the health-care industry also. This is because of the development of various patient management softwares. The use of apps to manage, educate, and inform patient is not uncommon among orthodontists nowadays. The aim of this article was to review the various apps available on the Google Play Store and iOS Apple Store for orthodontists and patients. Four smartphones using orthodontically relevant keywords such as orthodontics, orthodontists, and braces were searched and reviewed in detail. Out of the 354 orthodontically relevant apps available in both Android and Apple operating systems, the apps could be categorized as orthodontist-related apps or patient-related apps. Under these categories they could be further classified as practice managements apps, patient education apps, model analysis apps, tooth material calculators, patient reminder apps, etc.
Measuring molar movement: A reliable technique
Authors: Sandler Jonathan , Thiruvenkatachari Badri , Gutierrez Rodrigo
Published: March 2017

A technique of accurately assessing left and right maxillary molar movement is described, using superimposition of digital study models. This method has distinct advantages over the traditional method of measuring tooth movement using cephalometric radiographs.
Efficacy of transpalatal arch as an anchorage reinforcing unit during orthodontic space closure: A three-dimensional finite element study
Authors: Kudagi Vishal Shrishail , Vijay N. , Kiran Kumar H. C. , Sadashiva Shetty K.
Published: March 2017

Background and Objectives

Connecting the contralateral upper molars by means of a transpalatal arch (TPA) is thought to decrease the tendency of the molars to move mesially in response to orthodontic force (i.e., provide orthodontic anchorage). This study was hence conducted to investigate the effects of the TPA on the displacement of the molars and stresses generated in the periodontium during orthodontic tooth movement using the finite element method (FEM).

Materials and Methods

A three-dimensional (3D) model was generated using medical modeling software (Mimics) using the computed tomography slice images of the skull which were obtained at a slice thickness of 1 mm. From this, the finite element model was built using HyperMesh and analysis was performed using PATRAN software (MSC Software Corporation, 4675 MacArthur Court, Newport Beach, California 92660). The 3D finite element models were fabricated in two versions such as maxillary first molars including their associated periodontal ligament and alveolar bone one with TPA and another without TPA. Both were subjected to orthodontic forces, and the resultant stress patterns and displacements between the models with and without TPA were determined.

Results

The stress and displacement plots in this study failed to show any significant differences in stress and displacement within the periodontium of molars, between the two models – one with TPA and the other without, in response to the orthodontic force.

Interpretation and Conclusion

The results of the current finite element analysis, therefore, suggest that the presence of a TPA brings about no change in the initial dental and periodontal stress distribution and displacement.
In vitro comparative evaluation of different storage media (hank's balanced salt solution, propolis, Aloe vera, and pomegranate juice) for preservation of avulsed tooth
Authors: Babaji Prashant , Melkundi Mahesh , Devanna Raghu , S. Suresh B. , Chaurasia Vishwajit Rampratap , V. Gopinath P.
Published: March 2017

Objectives: Prognosis of the avulsed teeth is mostly affected by extraoral dry period and storage medium used to store teeth before reimplantation. However, ability of storage media can affect cell viability and success of treatment. Various storage media were tried with some success. The present study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), propolis, Aloe vera, and pomegranate juice (PJ) in preserving the vitality of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells of avulsed teeth. Materials and Methods: Fifty orthodontically extracted sound teeth with healthy PDL were selected for the present study. Selected teeth were randomly divided into study groups (10 in each) and 5 each as positive and negative control groups. All the teeth were immersed immediately after extraction into respective storage media. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS software for Windows, Version 19.0., IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA. Analysis of variance and multiple range were done using Tukey's honestly significant difference with level of significance at 5% (P > 0.05). Results: Propolis (285,000 viable cells with standard deviation 4.11028 and standard error of 1.38097) showed more viable PDL cells followed by HBSS, A. vera, and PJ. Conclusion: Propolis, A. vera, and PJ can be used as an alternative tooth storage media.
Histologic evaluation of the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate-Fillapex as a root canal sealer in rat teeth submitted to late replantation
Authors: Ferreira Manuel Marques , Botelho Maria Filomena , Abrantes Margarida , Carvalho Lina , Carrilho Eunice
Published: March 2017

Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of new root canal based silicate cement, in rat teeth after late replantation, comparing with calcium hydroxide (CH) in preventing tooth root resorption. Materials and Methods:The study group included 16 Wistar rats in which the upper right central incisors were extracted and were left on a worktable for 60 min, simulating a case of tooth avulsion, after had been anesthetized. One group, (Group I), the canals were filled with CH past, before replantation. The second groups of teeth, (Group II), the canals were filled with mineral trioxide aggregate-Fillapex (MTAF). After removal, the blood clot of the socket, with saline solution irrigation, the teeth were replanted into their original socket, and splinted with silk 3/0. The rats were sacrificed 8 weeks after replantation and the specimens were prepared for histologic and histomorphometric analyses. The areas of inflammatory and replacement resorptions were selected and quantified. These data for each group of teeth were evaluated and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test (P = 0.05). Result and Conclusion: All the replanted teeth in both groups survived. Although root canal filled with MTAF provide better results than with CH past concerning inflammatory and replacement resorption, there was no statistical difference (P = 0.527).
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste, calcium hydroxide, and a proton pump inhibitor against resistant root canal pathogens
Authors: Mehta Shibha , Verma Promila , Tikku Aseem Prakash , Chandra Anil , Bains Rhythm , Banerjee Gopa
Published: March 2017

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (omeprazole) in combination with calcium hydroxide (CH) against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: E. faecalis and C. albicans were subcultured and inoculated at 37° overnight and were treated with different dilutions of TAP, 25 μg/ml (Group 1), CH (Group 2, control), CH 16 mg/ml + omeprazole 2 mg/ml (Group 3a) (CH 16 mg/ml + omeprazole 4 mg)/ml (Group 3b) for 24, 48, and 72 h in sterile uncoated 96-well microtiter plates. Minimum concentration at which the medicaments produced least optical density was determined using ELISA reader (ELx 808 BioTek Inc., USA) device set at optical density of 630 nm. Results were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Mean concentration (irrespective of time) for TAP at which mean minimum optical density was recorded at 1.25 μg/ml (1:20 dilution) and 25 μg/ml (0 dilution) against E. faecalis and C. albicans, respectively. Least optical density for CH plus PPI group was obtained 1.6 μg/ml (1:10 dilution) and 16 μg/ml (0 dilution) for E. faecalis and C. albicans, respectively. However, CH alone showed a weaker antimicrobial action against either of the strains even at full concentration. Conclusions: PPI enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of CH against E. faecalis and C. albicans. However, TAP showed the best antibacterial property followed by CH plus PPIs against both the selected strains.
The confidence of undergraduate dental students in Saudi Arabia in performing endodontic treatment
Authors: Alrahabi Mothanna
Published: March 2017

Objective: This study examined the endodontic experience, perceptions of endodontic practice, and self-rated confidence of dental students enrolled in Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 41 undergraduate dental students registered in endodontic courses in the 2015 academic year. The questionnaire evaluated their confidence performing nonsurgical root canal treatment. The level of confidence was classified using a 5-point scale as “very confident,” “confident,” “neutral,” “not very confident,” or “not at all confident.” The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The participation rate was 93%. The maxillary incisor was the most common first tooth treated. The students were relatively confident, but their confidence levels were lower regarding endodontic radiology, evaluation of root canal obturation, and determining the correct recall period for the patient. Conclusion: The confidence of undergraduates in endodontics must be enhanced to increase their clinical competence when performing root canal treatment.
Spatial analysis of mandibular condyles in patients with temporomandibular disorders and normal controls using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Al-Rawi Natheer Hashim , Uthman Asmaa Tahseen , Sodeify Sahar M.
Published: March 2017

Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the condylar position and its relation to articular eminence and axial condylar angle in temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) patients and in normal controls using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT temporomandibular joint (TMJ) images of 70 participants (38 males and 32 females, mean age 26.4 years) were analyzed. They were divided into control group (including 35 subjects) and study group (including 35 subjects). Linear measurements of joint space and condyle determined the condylar position of each TMJ. Articular eminence height and inclination were also measured with axial condylar angle to determine its relation to condylar position. Independent and paired sample t-test was applied to compare between the groups and TMJ sides of the same group at significance level of 0.05. Results: Statistical significant differences were found between males and females of both groups regarding superior joint space (SJS), lateral joint space, A-P, and M-L condyle distance (P < 0.05). SJS, medial joint space (MJS), and eminence angle were greater (P < 0.01) in male's joints with TMD with flatter axial condylar angle (P < 0.05), when compared with normal TMJ counterpart. Females TMJs showed significantly higher values of MJS of affected side when compared with normal counterpart with flatter axial condylar angle (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Superior and MJS parameters were the ones that showed significant differences between affected and nonaffected joints. The mean axial condylar angle was smaller in joints with abnormal TMJ. This indicates that the condyles of the affected joints may rotate inward.