bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Superfine Machining Technology Based on the Magnetorheological Effect of Abrasive Slurry
Authors: Lu Jia Bin , Yu Juan , Yan Qiu Sheng , Gao Wei Qiang , Zhang Liang Chi
Published: March 2009

Based on the magnetorheological (MR) effect of abrasive slurry, this paper presents an
innovative superfine machining method. In this technique, the particle-dispersed MR fluid is used as a
special instantaneous bond to cohere abrasive particles and magnetic particles so as to form a
dynamical tiny-grinding wheel. This tiny-grinding wheel can be used to polish the surface of brittle
materials in millimeter or sub-millimeter scale. The characteristics of the machined glass surfaces
examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the Talysurf roughness tester confirmed
the effectiveness of the finishing technique. The machined surface with convex center and concave
fringe demonstrates that the material removal process is dominated by the synergy of the applied
pressure and the relative velocity between the abrasives and workpiece. In the case of glass finishing,
the mode of material removal is found to be plastic, and controlled by the abrasive-wear mechanism.
The Study of Tool Wear and Breakage Based on the Characteristic Analysis of Acoustic Spectrum
Authors: Dong Quan Cheng , Ai Chang Sheng , Wang Na
Published: March 2009

Tool monitoring is an important factor to restrict the improvement of production
efficiency, machining quality and automation level. The monitoring of the tool wear and breakage
conditions on YCM-V116B machining center was studied, and the acquired milling sound signals
were analyzed in detail. By means of the classical time-frequency analysis, it was discovered that
the wear sound had its own characteristic frequency band, and the frequency component within the
frequency band would change according to the change of wear conditions. So that the frequency
component within the frequency band will be a good indicator to monitor the tool wear conditions
excellently. On the other hand, the tool breakage sound is a random signal that a transient change in
amplitude is produced probably when tool breaks. The tool breakage conditions can be detected
exactly by the advantages of wavelet decomposition techniques. The analysis implies that the sound
generated during the machining process can be used to monitor tool conditions, which provides a
new approach to the sound applications in tool monitoring domain.
Research on Stress and Strain Distribution during Multi-Pass Conventional Spinning under Different Roller Motion Modes
Authors: Liu Jian Hua , Yang He
Published: March 2009

Establishing a reasonable mechanical model for multi-pass conventional spinning and
typical drawing spinning is the object of the present study. Research on stress and strain distribution
during multi-pass conventional spinning processing under three modes of roller motion, i.e.,
one-way moving without profiling, one-way moving with profiling, and two-way moving with
profiling, is carried out using elasto-plastic FEM method. Though the equivalent stress distribution
under these three modes of roller motion is similar, there exists significant difference in magnitude,
with the equivalent stress in the close-mandrel area being the highest in the case of profiled
one-way moving. As far as the strain is concerned, it has a similar distribution as the equivalent
stress, with the strain in the close-mandrel area under one-way moving with profiling having the
highest value. In the case of roller two-way moving with profiling, the strain distribution is the most
homogeneous, while the work-hardening of the blank is the most serious. In all cases, both stress
and strain in the deforming zone increase with increasing spinning passes.
Research on a Novel Testing Way for Collective Short Cracks by Industrial CT
Authors: Xu Xia Gang , Zhang Ding Hua , Zhao Xin Bo , Ao Bo
Published: March 2009

Fatigue crack propagation is the chief style leading to the damage of engineering components. With the design change of modern engineering structure from conservative “safe-life” to “endurance/damage limit”, it brings new big contradiction. Bigger risk occurs when serving time of components extends to maximum. Regular NDT (Nondestructive Testing) methods cannot monitor the initiation and expansion process of short cracks inside components effectively. As an advanced NDT method, ICT (Industry Computed Tomography) has some particular advantages which regular NDT methods do not have. As a result, adopting the latest achievements on industry CT and fatigue fracture, this paper presented a new supervision method for short fatigue cracks propagation based on density field analysis. Experiments have proved that our proposed method could be a new way to inspect the components’ damage in service even to predict their life.
Deposition and Characterization of Ultra-Smooth Nanocrystalline Diamond Films Using a Graphite-Grid Assisted Hot Filament CVD Method
Authors: Sun Fang Hong , Zhang Zhi Ming , Shen He Sheng , Chen Ming
Published: March 2009

Nanocrystalline diamond films (NDFs) were deposited on mirror-polished silicon (100)
substrates using a graphite-grid assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD)
technique. The evidence of nanocrystallinity, smoothness and purity was obtained by characterizing
the sample with various advanced analyses. A graphite-grid was used as the DC electrode, which
was pre-coated by diamond films and could emit electron when a negative bias was applied to the
under electrode. The results show that the film consists of nanocrystalline diamond grains with sizes
of about 7-15nm. The Raman spectroscopy, XRD pattern, HR-TEM image and SAED pattern of the
films indicate the presence of nanocrystalline diamond. Surface roughness is measured as Ra<20nm
by the profilometry scans. A large quantity of electrons emission from the graphite-grid and positive
ions bombardment to the graphite-grid results in an enormous enhancement of the generation of
diamond nuclei. Density of a diamond nuclei as high as 1010~1011/cm2 can be attained with this
method. NDFs can be deposited on mirror-polished Si substrate surfaces without damaging surface
pretreatment for nucleation enhancement. These ultra-smooth films will display excellent
performances, which make them the best candidates for semiconductor and MEMS applications.
Research on the Curvature Radius of Roller-Trace in the Forming Process of Conventional Spinning
Authors: Ma Fei , Yang He , Zhan Mei
Published: March 2009

Based on the 3D FE model of conventional spinning, the influence of curvature radius
of roller-trace on the conventional spinning process has been studied. It is found that when the
curvature radius of roller-trace is smaller, the maximum of thinning rate and hoop compressive
stress increases dramatically with the increasing of the radius, and curvature radius does little
effect on the forming process when it is up to a critical value. To obtain a more reasonable
selection criterion of curvature radius of roller-trace, a new index named flange width has been
put forward， which represents the comprehensive effect of workpiece diameter and mandrel
diameter in the forming process of conventional spinning. Further research has been done and the
selection criterion of curvature radius is obtained: the smaller the flange width is or the larger the
workpiece thickness or the entry tangential angle is, the larger the range of reasonable curvature
radius is.
Research on Grinding Temperature of WC-Co Coating by Cup Wheel
Authors: Wu Qi , Luo Yu Mei , Hu De Jin , Xu Hong Jun
Published: March 2009

Ceramic coating materials own some advantages, for example high-rigidity, good
abradability and good performance under high temperature. At the same time, ceramic coating
materials are also difficult-to-machine materials. High machining precision and efficiency can be
obtained in grinding WC-Co coating by cup wheel. The affection of grinding temperature is very
important for grinding processing. But there is no research on grinding temperature of WC-Co
coating by cup wheel. So in this paper, grinding temperature by cup wheel is researched on theory,
the new concept, which is effectiveness width of arc moving heat source, is presented, and
theoretical formula of grinding temperature is also built. Then experimental research on grinding
temperature of WC-Co coating by cup wheel is done by use of thermocouple temperature
measurement technology. The experimental results show the validity and effectivity of the
theoretical formula. The affection of grinding parameters to grinding temperature is researched also.
Comparison of Different Diamond Coatings in Co-Based Bond Matrix for Wire Saws
Authors: Guo Hua , Huang Guo Qin , Huang Hui , Xu Xi Peng
Published: March 2009

An investigation is reported of the effects of three different coatings onto diamonds in the
composites for the beads of wire saws. The matrix of the composites contained 80% (w/w) cobalt.
Ti, W, and W-Co were coated onto diamond surfaces respectively and then incorporated into the
matrix. The mixed powders were hot-pressed to form the specimens for bending tests. Coupled with
the results of bending tests and the strength of coated diamonds, the coatings of W were found to be
best among the three coatings. Further experiments indicated that the thickness of W-coatings onto
the diamonds should be controlled around 10(m in order to obtain an excellent retention of
diamonds.
An Approach to the Influence of Flotative Abrasive Balls on Polishing Process
Authors: Dai Yong , Deng Qian Fa , Lv Xun , Yuan Ju Long , Yu Xun Jie
Published: March 2009

Polishing with Flotative Abrasive Balls(FABs) is a kind of soft contact polishing means，
and the conventional polishing plate and pad are not needed in this case. The pressure of polishing is
the flotage which is the upward force that a fluid exerts on the FABs, but the movement of work piece
is similar to that in conventional polishing, the removal rate and quality of polishing is influenced by
FAB and its flotage. An experiment device is built up and two kinds of FAB are designed and
produced. Some primary experiments are carried out in order to investigate the influences of the size
of FABs on the removal rate and surface roughness in polishing with FABs. It is found from the
experiments that the grain size and the layers of FAB may have great influence on the removal rate of
polishing; the surface roughness is mainly decided by the ball diameter and the layers of FAB. The
results of experiments are discussed and analyzed, it indicates that the efficiency and quality depend
on flotage and the number of active grains when the velocity of workpiece is assigned.
Research on the Relationship between the Clearance and Product Precision of Micro Punching Dies
Authors: Lin Jui Chang , Lee King Sun , Yen Chia Ming , Lee Wu Jen , Lin Yu Hua
Published: March 2009

This research utilizes an image-vision-system to measure the size of the product-burr. The relational expression was established between the clearance of micro punching die and burr size after blanking the composite material via a neural network. This can help to anticipate the burr size under any clearance and used cycles of punching die. The purposes of this research are: (1) it can predict the used cycles of punching die at any clearance between the punch and die, the engineer can change the punching dies at right moment to prevent the bad product from producing; (2) it can utilize this research to find out the optimum clearance condition which can avoid bad design of the punching die, which will take long time to repaired the punching die.
Effect of Different Edge Preparation on High Speed Turning Hardened Steel Process
Authors: Liu Xian Li , Pen Hong Min , Chen Tao , Yan Fu Gang , Wang Yu , Hu Jing Shu
Published: March 2009

Through combining turning experiments and FE simulations, this paper studied the
effects of force, temperature and residual stress of machined surface on high speed hard turning
GCr15 bearing steel hardened to HRC60-62 with three kinds of ordinary edge preparation
(sharp-edge, hone and chamfer). The experiment and simulation results indicated that the
diathermanous proportion of chamfered edge preparation to tool and machined surface is less, and
this distribution of cutting temperatures is useful for tool life and machined surface quality. The
simulation results showed that cutting force had a descending tendency with increasing of cutting
speed, which is in accordance with the change rules of machining general rigidity material, and it
proved that FE simulations have good precision. The simulation results of residual stress of
machined surface showed that residual tensile stress existed in machined surface using both honed
and chamfered tools, and a highest compressive stress (about -200MPa) existed among 150-200μm
of the depth into the workpiece surface. The difference was that the depth of superficial harden
layer with honed tools is larger than that with chamfered tools.
FEM Analysis of Grinding Damage Mechanisms for Ceramics Materials
Authors: Hao Wei Na , Bao Yu Mei , Chai Guo Zhong
Published: March 2009

The utilization of ceramics materials for structural components has been widespread
because of their excellent properties. But the ceramic components require high precision and
integrity of surface. The grinding is the main productive technique for finishing the ceramic
components in the manufacturing industry, but it is prone to surface and sub-surface damage.
Consequently the induced damage will reduce the life of the component, even leads to failure. So,
to improve grinding quality and reduce grinding damage, it is important to understand the damage
mechanisms and process for ceramic materials. In this paper, attempts are made to build a damage
model and to compute damage variable D. The damage variable will be used in the further
computation. The research effort made may be the foundation of the ceramic components design
and the optimization and control of ceramic grinding process.
Finite Element Analysis of the Electromagnetic Field of Untouched Permanent Induction Magnetic Coupling
Authors: Yang Chao Jun , Wang Yu Ning , Jiang Sheng Fa
Published: March 2009

The magnetic coupling can availably solve the leakiness problems of machine equips. But there is a problem currently in the common synchronous magnetic coupling that the inner rotor magnet steel is demagnetized under high temperature. According to reverse design method, a kind of novel permanent induction magnetic coupling is researched. Its inner rotor is similar to that of asynchronous motor, and it does not need permanent magnet material. So it can be used in both normal and high temperature and is free from transporting medium temperature. Because of the variety of magnetic field, it is extremely complicated. Here the software ANSYS FEM is used to analyze it. Its main process can be divided into three steps: solution preprocess, solution process and solution postprocessing, thus the magnetic field strength value of every point of the coupling can be gotten, and it can be shown conspicuously with the sketches or charts. Then the power and torque also can be solved accordingly.
Effects of CH4 Concentration on CVD Diamond Coatings Deposited on Cemented Carbide Cutting Cools
Authors: Lu Wen Zhuang , Zuo Dun Wen , Wang Min , Xu Feng
Published: March 2009

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond coatings were deposited on cemented carbide
cutting cools by an electron-assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition (EACVD) equipment
developed by the authors. The CVD diamond coatings were studied by Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) and Raman Scattering Spectroscopy (Raman). The experimental results show that
CH4 concentration in the source gas performs great influence on the micro-structure, surface
roughness, composition, residual stress and adhesion of the CVD diamond coatings. The increase of
CH4 concentration results the change of diamond crystal from {111} orientation to {100} orientation,
the decrease of the surface roughness and the increase of sp2 carbon in the CVD diamond coatings. A
residual compressive stress exists in the CVD diamond coatings. The residual stress decreases with
increasing CH4 concentration. A higher or lower CH4 concentration tends to reduce adhesion stress of
the continuous CVD diamond coatings.
Application of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in the Ultrasmooth Polishing of SiC Optics
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhao Qing Liang , Wang Lang Ping , Dong Shen
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a novel, rapid and damage-free method to polish the ultra-smooth
surface of the SiC optics. First, the basic philosophy of this method is introduced, which uses the
active radicals got from CF4 in the atmospheric pressure plasma zone to react with the SiC material at
the optics surface to generate the vaporization of SiF4. Then, the design of the atmospheric pressure
plasma jet and the corresponding prototyping polishing facility are introduced. The theoretical
analysis on the necessary conditions to generate the excited radicals is also presented in this part. To
verify the effectiveness of this novel polishing method, experiments on the generation of atmospheric
pressure plasma and the SiC optics polishing are carried out with our prototyping facility. The
experiment results show that plasma discharge is stable at the atmospheric pressure and
sub-nanometer roughness of the polished SiC surface can be obtained.
Study on the Approach of Deformation Path Control Using Numerical Simulation and Neural Network
Authors: Wu Jian Jun
Published: March 2009

It is very important to establish the control model for deformation path during the process
of metal forming. Using the techniques of Artificial Neural Network(ANN) and numerical
simulation, a new approach controlling deformation path based on the identification of material
parameter is proposed. In this approach, the identification of material parameter value m and the
control of deformation path proceed one by one in each loading stage. The identification of material
parameter is finished by ANN using the experimental strain increments, loading increments and
material stresses, after that, we can get loading increments for the next deformation stage by the
ANN trained by material stresses, objective strain increments and the identified value m. By tension
and torsion test of thin walled tube on MTS testing machine, the experimental strain path was
obtained and compared with objective one. The results of this comparison validate the proposed
approach for the deformation path control.
Diode Laser Modification of Surface Gradient Layer Properties of a Hot-Work Tool Steel
Authors: Dobrzański Leszek Adam , Bonek Mirołsaw , Piec Marek , Jonda Ewa
Published: March 2009

The objective of the present work was to study the modification of the microstructure of
hot-work tool steels X40CrMoV5-1 and X38CrMoV5-3 during the surface modifying by means of
laser technology. This treatment aims to harden and alloy the steel surface which had been previously
coated with tungsten carbide (WC) and were introduced using the rotor conveyer to improve the
properties of the surface layer. The fine grained, dendritic structure occurs in the remelted and alloyed
zone with the crystallization direction connected with the dynamical heat abstraction from the laser
beam influenced zone. The fine grained martensite structure is responsible for the hardness increase
of the alloyed layer.
A Novel Fabrication Method for Mold Insert of Injection Molded Microlens Array
Authors: Shen Yung Kang
Published: March 2009

This paper reports a simple and novel procedure for mold insert of microlens array. The
micro injection molding (MIM) and micro injection-compression molding (MICM) are used to
replicate the microlens array. The 200×200 arrays of molded microlens, with a diameter of 150 $m,
a pitch of 200 $m and a sag height of 11.236 $m have been successfully fabricated. The average
surface roughness of the Ni mold insert is 6.916 nm. The average surface roughness of the molded
microlens array is 4.608 nm for MIM and 4.555 nm for MICM. The complete fabrication process of
mold insert is executed at room temperature and low pressure for this paper.
The Solving Methods of Dwell Time or Pressure in CCOS for Optical Complex Surfaces
Authors: Cheng H. , To Suet , Wang Y.
Published: March 2009

Error correction of optical complex surfaces in computer-controlled optical surfacing
(CCOS) is primary important. This paper discusses some methods, i.e. Fourier transform method,
Wiener filtering method, directive method and iterative method, for calculating dwell time or relative
pressure in the CCOS for error-correcting, which are enlightened from the digital image processing
techniques. However, these error correction methods are different from the image processing because
they are not a subject of solving the causal signal but a problem of an iterative process. The simulation
results show that the Wiener filtering method is good and reliable when the correlative parameters in
the fabrication are kept consistent.
Study on the Tool Path Generation of an Automotive Headlamp Reflector in Ultra-Precision Raster Milling
Authors: To Suet , Wang Hao , Li Bing , Cheung Chi Fai , Wang Su Juan
Published: March 2009

Nowadays faceted reflector design has become popular in automotive illumination systems. The advantage of a compound surface enables it to achieve the required hot spot intensity by directing more than 60% of the generated light towards the road, thereby largely illuminate the area through the aperture. The research is oriented to fabricating the mold insert on ultra-precision raster milling (Freeform 705G). In this paper, the tool path generation method for automotive headlamp reflectors is studied, and a practical gouging detection and avoidance algorithm is proposed. The surface roughness and form accuracy (peak-to-valley height) are then calculated theoretically using mathematical formulae. Through the tool path generation of a small but representative surface patch with a gap, a possible way is finally found to generate the tool path for such a class of freeform surface with special equipment.
Synthesis and Analysis of 4-DOF Parallel Manipulator with Passive Subchain
Authors: Hu Ying , Li Bing , Hu Hong , Wang Ying
Published: March 2009

A new class of 4-DOF Parallel Manipulator (PM) with five supporting subchains is synthesized based on enumeration method. Targeting at 4PUS-1PPU PM, the inverse kinematics and dexterity analysis are developed, and the geometric parameters are determined.
Maximum Shear Stress Analyses of the Cermet Cladding Part under Wear Condition
Authors: Yang Jun Ru , Zhang Yue Kan , Li Zhao Qian , Huang Chuan Zhen
Published: March 2009

The interaction between a cermet cladding plate part and a homogeneous cylindrical part
under wear condition is simplified as a plain strain contact problem. Based on Hertz contact theory,
the theoretical model of the maximum shear stress in the cladding part is built; an example and its
finite element analyses (FEA) are given. Theoretical results well coincide with those of the FEA.
Both results show that, with the increase of the cladding thickness, the maximum shear stress
decreases, its position shifts toward the clad surface. The effects of the wear load and the properties
of the frictional materials on the maximum shear stress are also studied. The research results have
great significances to the design of cladding parts under wear condition.
Finite Element Analysis of Cutting Forces in High Speed Machining
Authors: Zhao Jun , Ai Xing , Li Zuo Li
Published: March 2009

The Finite Element Method (FEM) has proven to be an effective technique to investigate
cutting process so as to improve cutting tool design and select optimum cutting conditions. The
present work focuses on the FEM simulation of cutting forces in high speed cutting by using an
orthogonal cutting model with variant undeformed chip thickness under plane-strain condition to
mimic intermittent cutting process such as milling. High speed cutting of 45%C steel using uncoated
carbide tools are simulated as the application of the proposed model. The updated Lagrangian
formulation is adopted in the dynamic FEM simulation in which the normalized Cockroft and Latham
damage criterion is used as the ductile fracture criterion. The simulation results of cutting force
components under different cutting conditions show that both the thrust cutting force and the
tangential cutting force increase with the increase in undeformed chip thickness or feed rate, whereas
decrease with the increase in cutting speed. Some important aspects of modeling the high speed
cutting are discussed as well to expect the future work in FEM simulation.
Application of Numerical Simulation in Analysis and Optimization of Constant Flux Blanking Plug
Authors: Liu Chang Yun , Zhao Xue Zeng , Chen Fang
Published: March 2009

The constant flux blanking plug is a downhole flow control device used in the separate
layer water injection system of oil-field, its flow characteristic and reliability are the most important
matters that people care about. So these performances of the constant flux blanking plug are
analyzed by numerical methods here. The dynamic model of the constant flux blanking plug is
established by bond-graph, then the simulation is made by the 20-SIM software. The influence of
local flow field is studied by CFD (computational fluid dynamics), with which some different valve
spools and pockets are compared. The discrete particles’ trajectories are analyzed by the Lagrangian
method, and the particle erosion rates of different materials are calculated with Bitter’s erosion
model. All the simulation data show that the structure and material have great influence on the flow
control precision and reliability which need to improve at present. The simulation results are
verified through ground or field tests in the end.
Module and Product Family Formation Based on Improved Interpretive Structure Model
Authors: Che Jun Hua , Tan Jian Rong , Wang Yun , Feng Yi Xiong
Published: March 2009

The module and product family formation are the important technologies for mass
customization. This paper provides a novel method of establishing the module for mass customization
so that we can construct the various product families for the individuation demand. This method can
obtain the driven design way of demand through the VOC (Voice of customer) report and obtain the
components through the functional and structural mapping .This method accounts for the
specification flow between components rather than merely the relation and similarity of the
components, represents the hierarchical relations and related design constraints of the product by a
structural graph and helps designers to create various product for mass customization. The
methodology also is illustrated via the case study of the product family design of forklift.
Study on the Technology of Bridge Crane Design and Explore with Green Quality Function Deployment
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wu Xiao Zhen , Jiang Zhi Gang
Published: March 2009

With the increasing of environmental conscious, design and explore of ideal products that
meet customer requirements, especially cost less and environment friendly has become the goal for
most manufacturing organizations. Green Quality Function Deployment (GQFD) is a very useful
technique to fulfill this objective. In this paper, the first phase of the GQFD is to establish the
Quality House, Green House and Cost House structures. For evaluating how well the customer
demands, environmental constraints and cost are achieved by the product concept, the QFD method,
eco-indicator method and input-output analysis are applied. In the second phase, to select the best
product concept, a multi-criteria selection method--the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used. At
the end of this paper, an application case of the bridge crane design according to the consumer
demands and with a reduced cost and environmental impact is applied.
Research on an Information Integration Framework on the Large Complex Product Development PMIS with ERP
Authors: Zhao Song Zheng , Yin Ming
Published: March 2009

This research proposes a new integrated framework to support the inter-enterprise function
integration, system structure and collaboration over the networked environment. In contrast to the
existing system integration, the proposed framework enables the systematic amalgamation of large
complex product development PMIS (Project Management Information System) and correlative sub
modules in ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). In addition, this framework is more suitable for
building the large-scale manufacturing systems that are prone to dynamic random changes of their
environment. It is shown on a practical case -- the implementation of AA Company’s PMIS in the
environment of ERP system. The result indicates that the information integration framework on the
large complex product development PMIS with ERP is operable and practical.
Study of the Strain Rate Effect on Cold-Reduced Carbon Steel and Aluminium Alloy with Numerical Simulations
Authors: Wang Lin , Lee Tai Chiu , Chan Luen Chow
Published: March 2009

In this paper, the effect of strain rate has been considered in the simulation of forming
process with a simple form combined into the material law. Quite a few researchers have proposed
various hardening laws and strain rate functions to describe the material tensile curve. In this study,
the strain rate model Cowper-Symonds is used with anisotropic elasto-plastic material law in the
simulation process. The strain path evolution of certain elements, when the strain rate is considered
and not, is compared. Two sheet materials, Cold-reduced Carbon Steel (SPCC) JIS G3141 and
Aluminum alloy 6112 are used in this study. Two yield criteria, Hill 48 and Hill 90, are applied
respectively to improve the accuracy of simulation result. They show different performance when
strain rate effect is considered. Strain path of the elements in the fracture risk area of SPCC (JIS
G3141) varies much when the strain rate material law is used. There is only little difference of the
strain distribution of Al 6112 when the strain rate effect is included and excluded in the material
law. The simulation results of material SPCC under two conditions indicate that the strain rate
should be considered if the material is the rate-sensitive material, which provides more accurate
simulation results.
High-Frequency Induction Heating Sintering of Hydroxyapatite-(Zro2+3%Mol Y2o3) Bioceramics
Authors: Khalil Khalil Abdel-Razek , Kim Sug Won
Published: March 2009

In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAp) and hydroxyapatite-yttria stabilized zirconia (HAp- 3YSZ) with 20 vol. %– (ZrO2+3 %mol Y2O3) nanopowders were consolidated very rapidly to full density by High-frequency induction heat sintering (HFIHS). Effects of temperature and the addition of 3YSZ on the toughness, hardness and microstructure properties have been studied. 3YSZ second phase toughening HAp composites with higher toughness were successfully developed at relatively low temperatures through this technique. The samples were densified by heating to a sintering temperature in the range of 900 to 1200 °C, and then rapidly cooled to 500 °C within a very short time. A relative density of up to 98.6 % of theoretical density of the composites was achieved after sintering at 1100 °C. Compared with hardness and toughness obtained for pure HAp, the hardness and toughness for HAp-20vol. % 3YSZ were much higher.
Mechanism of the Voltage Occurrence in BSCCO Superconductor
Authors: Lee Sang Heon
Published: March 2009

Magnetic characteristics observed in BiSrCaCuO superconductor were studied. In the
measurement of differential conductance, it was cleared that the mechanism of magnetic memory
effect couldn't be explained by using conventional flux flow model. By changing the density of
external magnetic flux, changes in inductance of a coil in which a superconducting bar inserted
were also measured. The results showed that the filament model was valid to explain the
mechanism of the occurrence of a voltage in superconducting sample. It was concluded that the
electromagnetic characteristics arose from the interaction between the trapped magnetic flux and
weak link of the filament formed in the superconducting bulk.
The In-Situ Dressing of CMP Pad Conditioners with Novel Coating Protection
Authors: Sung James C. , Kan Ming Chi
Published: March 2009

Kinik Company pioneered diamond pad conditioners protected by DLC barrier (DiaShield® Coating) back in 1999 (Sung & Lin, US Patent 6,368,198) and there has been no follower since then. Kinik's offered two varieties of DiaShield® Coatings: ultrahard tetrahedral amorphous carbon and superhard hydrogenated DLC. Kink also evaluated Cermet Composite Coating (CCC or C3, patent pending). C3 is unique that the coating composition grades from a metallic (e.g. stainless steel) under layer to a ceramic (e.g. Al2O3 or SiC) exterior. The metallic under layer can form metallurgical bond with metallic matrix on the diamond pad conditioner. The ceramic exterior is both wear and corrosion resistant. The gradational design of C3 coating will assure its strong adherence to the substrate because there is no weak boundary between coating and substrate. By dipping diamond pad conditioners of various designs in acidic solution (e.g. copper cleaning solution) for extended periods of time (e.g. 50 hours) the chemical inertness of various matrix materials are determined with the decreasing ranking as: hydrogenated DLC > C3 coating > tetrahedral amorphous carbon > sintered nichrome > brazed alloy > electroplated nickel.
Thermal Protection Shield Concept for Diamond Impregnated Tools
Authors: Tillmann Wolfgang , Gathen Miriam , Kronholz Christian
Published: March 2009

Due to their better mechanical and physical properties diamond tools have largely replaced cemented carbide tools for machining of mineral materials like concrete and rocks. The decomposition tendency of diamond has to be taken into consideration during the manufacturing process as well as during their employment in machining tools. By using water cooling the diamond decomposition is reduced, but the contamination of occupied buildings by concrete/rock-watermixture and the need of water supply units on building sites are unfavourable. However, absence of water cooling lead to an increased tribological and thermal wear of conventional diamond tools. Due to the heat development the diamonds in direct contact with mineral materials as well as the diamonds in deeper layers are deteriorated. The Institute of Materials Engineering pursues a novel thermal protection shield concept, in which thermal insulating materials such as Al2O3, ZrO2 or glass in diamond impregnated composite structures act as heat shield, which protects diamonds in deeper layers against high temperature and graphitisation. Before the effectiveness of this concept could be investigated suitable composites have to be manufactured. In this paper the powder metallurgical production processes of diamondalumina- cobalt-composites with varying alumina and cobalt particle sizes, their microstructures and porosities are described. In comparison to composites with larger alumina particle sizes it could be observed that the distribution of alumina particles with particle sizes below 70 ,m in the cobalt matrix is uniform and the porosity of the composite decrease.
Binder-Free Tungsten Carbide Fabricated by Pulsed Electric Current Sintering
Authors: Shimojima Koji , Hosokawa Hiroyuki , Nakajima Takeshi , Mizukami Masahiko , Yamamoto Yoshiharu
Published: March 2009

In this paper, we show some experimental results of binder-free WC sintered by Pulsed
Electric Current Sintering (PECS) also known as Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST). These
binder-free WC have extremely high hardness and stiffness. However, these mechanical properties
are dependent on the sintering condition, e.g., maximum temperature, applied pressure, etc. We show
some relationship between mechanical properties and sintering condition to improve to sinter the
binder-free WC.
Fabrication of Nano-Sized WC/Co Composite Powder by Direct Reduction and Carburization with Carbon
Authors: Lee Dong Ryoul , Lee Wan Jae
Published: March 2009

Direct reduction and carburization process was thought one of the best methods to make nano-sized WC powder. The oxide powders were mixed with graphite powder by ball milling in the compositions of WC-5,-10wt%Co. The mean size of mixed powders was about 250 nm after milling. The mixture was heated at the temperatures of 600~800°C for 5 hours in Ar. The reaction time of the reduction and carburization was decreased as heating temperatures and cobalt content increased. The mean size of WC/Co composite powders was about 260 nm after the reactions. And the mean size of WC grains in WC/Co composite powder was about 38 nm after the reaction at 800°C for 5 hours.
Measurement of WC Grain Size in Nanocrystalline WC-10Co Hardmetal
Authors: Lin Chen Guang , Yuan Guan Sen
Published: March 2009

Nano-grained WC-10Co hardmetal can be made by doping a new invented VC-based
multi-grain-growth-inhibitor and suitable technical processing. The specifications for quantitative
measurement of the grain size of WC in the alloy were investigated. It is very important to obtain
the SE images of the alloy with good contrast and clear profile of WC grains by FESEM; then the
linear intercept (LI) method was used to quantitatively measure the intercepts of WC grains. When
the surveyed intercept numbers of WC grain exceeded 200, the statistic data for the mean grain size
of WC were reproduced. The discriminative minimal grain size of used LI method was 12 nm; the
maximum intercept of WC grain was 109 nm; the average intercept of WC grains was 45 nm and
the corresponding 3D mean grain size of WC was 70 nm which is agreeable with the XRD
outcome.
Bulk Amorphous and/or Nanocrystalline Finemet Alloy Prepared by Super-High-Pressure Consolidation
Authors: Lu Wei , Yan Biao
Published: March 2009

Microstructure and soft magnetic properties of bulk amorphous and/or nanocrystalline
Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9(Finemet) alloys prepared by consolidation at a ultra-high pressure (5.5GPa)
were investigated in this paper. The relative density of the bulk sample 1 (from amorphous powders)
was 98.5% and the grain sizes were about 10.6nm. While the relative density and grain sizes of bulk
sample 2 (from nanocrystalline powders) are 98% and 20.1nm, respectively. Particularly, the bulk
samples exhibited a good combined magnetic property: for Sample1, Ms=125emu/g and Hc=1.5Oe;
for Sample2, Ms=129emu/g and Hc=3.3Oe. The success of synthesizing the nanocrystalline
Fe-based bulk alloys will be encouraging for the future development of bulk nanocrystalline soft
magnetic alloys.
Fabricating Devices Using Nano-Particulates with Direct Write Technology
Authors: Sears James , Colvin Jacob , Carter Michael
Published: March 2009

Nano-particulates are being used in conjunction with Direct Write Technologies for fabrication of electronic devices, sensors, and in tissue engineering. The materials being used in Direct Write Technologies predominately are suspensions, solutions or pastes comprised from nano-particulate metals, oxides or organics. This paper will present a comparison of several nano-particle silver inks being evaluated for use by one of these Direct Write Technologies, Maskless Meso-Scale Material Deposition (M3D) being developed by Optomec, Inc., Albuquerque, NM. USA. The silver inks in this case were deposited by the M3D process and then cured by sintering by both oven and by laser. Optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the resultant cured material. The surface resistivity of these deposits was determined as a measure of their quality. A soft magnetic inductor material was also fabricated through a combination of nickel and iron oxide nano-particles. The results obtain with this inductor material are also discussed.
Microwave Absorbing Properties of Flaky Fe-Si-Al Alloy Powder-Rubber Composites
Authors: Lee Kyung Sub , Yun Yeo Chun , Jeong In Bum , Kim Sung Soo
Published: March 2009

The frequency profile of complex permeability (μr) and permittivity (εr) and their relationship with microwave absorbing properties are investigated in soft magnetic metal-polymer composite materials. The Fe-Si-Al alloy powder was forged by an attrition mill to get the flaky shape. The composite sheet was fabricated in which the flaky powder was dispersed in the polymer and aligned in the direction perpendicular to the electromagnetic wave propagation. We found that dielectric loss (εr") spectra for composite sheets can be controlled by combining the aspect ratio of the flaky powder and the contents of the filler. The permittivity (εr). of magnetic composite was increased with attrition milling time. The maximum attenuation peak of reflection loss is shifted to lower frequency ranges as the aspect ratio increased, while the value of the maximum attenuation peak gets smaller gradually. From these results, we could design a noise absorber sheet (t=1.0 ㎜) for a quasi-microwave band, which is impedance matched at 1.8 ㎓ with respect to -7.7 ㏈ reflection loss.
Non-Electrolytic Deposition of Silver on Tungsten Powders for Functionally Gradient Composite Powder
Authors: Lee Jae Ho , Chang Gun Ho
Published: March 2009

The research conducted was focused primarily on the development of a process for
obtaining silver-coated tungsten powders for applications related to electrical-conducting devices.
Particles of high strength material when coated with silver offer a means of obtaining desirable
electrical properties and high strength. The coating process employed aqueous ammoniacal silvernitrate
electrolytes with a formaldehyde solution as the reductant. Modifying additives were also
applied. The reduction and subsequent deposition of silver occurred selectively on the surface of
the tungsten particles. The morphologies of the coated particles were assessed by SEM imaging.
The silver was uniformed coated on tungsten powder and its thickness was estimated to be
approximately 100nm on the basis of a mass account.
Phase Transformation Behavior of Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5 Ceramics Sintered at Low Temperature
Authors: Shiao Fu Thang , Ke Han Chou , Lee Ying Chieh
Published: March 2009

To co-fire with commercial LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic) materials at
850oC ~ 880 oC, different contents of B2O3 were added to the Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5 (BZN) ceramics.
The dielectric properties of BZN ceramics sintered at low temperatures were studied. According to
the test results, the cubic phase of BZN was transformed into orthorhombic in all the test materials.
A BiNbO4 phase was formed in test materials with 2 ~ 5 wt% of B2O3 addition. The BiNbO4 phase
was inhibited by extra ZnO addition. The phase transformation of cubic BZN was controlled during
the synthesis process of cubic and orthorhombic ZnO-Nb2O5 phase with excess ZnO content. The
Cubic and orthorhombic phases of BZN could coexist and be sintered densely at 850 oC/2hr.
P-Type and N-Type Bi2Te3/PbTe Functional Gradient Materials for Thermoelectric Power Generation
Authors: Lee Kwang Yong , Oh Tae Sung
Published: March 2009

The p-type (Bi0.2Sb0.8)2Te3/(Pb0.7Sn0.3)Te functional gradient material (FGM) was fabricated by hot-pressing the mechanically alloyed (Bi0.2Sb0.8)2Te3 and the 0.5 at% Na2Te-doped (Pb0.7Sn0.3)Te powders. Also, the n-type Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3/PbTe FGM was processed by hot-pressing the mechanically alloyed Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3 and the 0.3 wt% Bi-doped PbTe powders. With △T larger than 300°C, the p-type (Bi0.2Sb0.8)2Te3/(Pb0.7Sn0.3)Te FGM exhibited larger thermoelectric output power than those of the (Bi0.2Sb0.8)2Te3 and the 0.5 at% Na2Te-doped (Pb0.7Sn0.3)Te alloys. For the n-type Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3/PbTe FGM, the thermoelectric output power superior to those of the Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3 and the 0.3 wt% Bi-doped PbTe was predicted at △T larger than 300°C.
The Characteristics of Sulfur Electrode with Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Ryu Ho Suk , Lee Sang Won , Kim Ki Won , Ahn Joo Hyun , Cho Kwon Koo , Cho Gyu Bong , Ahn Hyo Jun
Published: March 2009

We investigated on the additive effect of carbon nanotube in the sulfur electrode on the
first discharge curve and cycling property of lithium/sulfur cell. The sulfur electrode with carbon
nanotube had two discharge plateau potentials and the first discharge capacity about 1200 mAh/g
sulfur. The addition carbon nanotube into the sulfur electrode did not affect the first discharge
behavior, but improved the cycling property of lithium/sulfur cell. The optimum content of carbon
nanotube was 6 wt% of sulfur electrode.
Thermal Stability and Properties of Cu-TiB2 Nanocomposites Prepared by Combustion Synthesis and Spark-Plasma Sintering
Authors: Kwon Dae Hwan , Nguyen Thuy Dang , Dudina Dina V. , Kum Jong Won , Choi Pyuck Pa , Kim Ji Soon , Kwon Young Soon
Published: March 2009

In the present work, Cu-TiB2 nanocomposite powders were synthesized by combining high-energy ball-milling of Cu-Ti-B mixtures and subsequent self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS). Cu-40wt.%TiB2 powders were produced by SHS reaction and ball-milled. The milled SHS powder was mixed with Cu powders by ball milling to produce Cu-2.5wt.%TiB2 composites. TiB2 particles less than 250nm were formed in the copper matrix after SHS-reaction. The releative density, electrical conductivity and hardness of specimens sintered at 650-750°C were nearly 98%, 83%IACS and 71HRB, respectively. After heat treatment at 850 to 950°C for 2 hours under Ar atmosphere, hardness was descedned by 15%. Our Cu-TiB2 composite showed good thermal stability at eleveated temperature.
Effect of Li2O Addition on Piezoelectric Properties of NKN-5LT Ceramics
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Lee Dae Su , Park Eon Cheol , Jeong Soon Jong , Kim In Sung , Song Jae Sung
Published: March 2009

Recently alkali oxide materials, such as sodium - potassium niobate have drawn much
attention due to their ultrasonic applicability and are also considered as promising candidates for a
piezoelectric lead-free system. However, it is difficult to sinter such NKN-based materials via
conventional sintering process. Therefore, in this study, dense 0.95(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-0.05LiTaO3
(NKN-5LT) ceramics were developed by conventional sintering process. Sintering temperature was
lowered by adding Li2O as a sintering aid. The electrical properties of NKN-5LT ceramics were
investigated as a function of Li2O concentration. At the addition of 1 mol% Li2O, electromechanical
coupling factor (kP) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of NKN-5LT ceramics were found to reach
the highest values of 0.37 and 250 pC/N, respectively.
The Effect of Hot Extrusion on the Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2Te3 Material
Authors: Liu Xue Quan , Ren Wei , Han Wei , Wang Xiao Lin
Published: March 2009

Bismuth telluride material was fabricated using hot extrusion. The crystal structure was
identified by X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy. The oriented texture in extrusion
direction was formed. All the samples showed high mechanical strength. The thermoelectric
properties were determined by measuring electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal
conductivity. The influence of extrusion temperature on the thermoelectric performence was studied.
The variation of figure with temperature was also studied. The oriented texture seems promising to
improve thermoelectric properties and mechanical strength.