bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anorexia na leitura psicanalítica da Revista dos Transtornos Alimentares (2008-2012): uma análise de história sociocultural da doença
Authors: Alves Reynaldo José Loio
Published: March 2019

Recebido:    13/02/2018 Aprovado:    17/04/2018Publicado:   10/06/2018O estudo visa demonstrar elementos presentes na leitura teórico-clínico da Psicanálise acerca dos Transtornos Alimentares, especificamente da Anorexia. A metodologia tem como base, a análise documental de elementos textuais da Revista de Transtornos Alimentares da Ceppan (2008-2012). Analisaremos um breve histórico da doença no campo científico, a contextualização dos Transtornos Alimentares e a influência constitutiva da Psicanálise na etiologia da Anorexia. O quadro teórico reafirma a importância da doença como um campo de análise fértil para a escrita histórica, tanto na perspectiva da História das doenças, como da Nova História Cultural. Palavras-chave: anorexia, história, doença, psicanálise.
Guerra Fria, terra seca: o “perigoso” Nordeste brasileiro sob o olhar da CIA e da imprensa estadunidense no alvorecer dos anos 1960
Authors: Oliveira Pedro Carvalho
Published: March 2019

Recebido:    15/12/2017 Aprovado:   20/02/2018Publicado:  10/06/2018o presente trabalho objetiva examinar a visão sobre o Nordeste brasileiro construída pela Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) e a imprensa estadunidense entre os anos 1959 e 1964, sob o receio quanto a então recente Revolução Cubana e como este fato fez emergir preocupações entre as potências do bloco capitalista em relação à América Latina, motivadoras para elaborações políticas em torno da região brasileira. Numa relação de congruência, o Estado americano e os meios de comunicação desenvolveram comparações entre o Nordeste do Brasil e Cuba que encontraram eco no Brasil. Nossa hipótese é de que essa construção sobre o Nordeste sinaliza para a edificação de processos de hegemonia e criação de consenso, de acordo com o que foi pensado por Antonio Gramsci, cujos resultados se encontram, em certa medida, na visão sobre o Nordeste e sobre os nordestinos existentes no Brasil hoje.Palavras-chave: Guerra Fria; Nordeste; América Latina.
Global Image
Authors: Schröter Jens
Published: March 2019

The theory of the image has an eurocentric bias, which is critically discussed in this paper. Forms of the image like calligraphy, tattoos and the mask are mentioned as forms of the image which are marginal in standard theories of the image.
Classificação da cobertura da terra na região da ilha do Bananal usando imagens multitemporais PALSAR-2/ALOS-2
Authors: Marques Jorge Bohrer , Junior Osmar Abilio de Carvalho , Campagnoli Fernando , Júnior Humberto Navarro de Mesquita , Gomes Roberto Arnaldo Trancoso , Guimarães Renato Fontes
Published: March 2019

O mapa de uso e cobertura da terra é fundamental para o planejamento, manejo e conservação ambiental. Os dados de sensoriamento remoto são a base de informações para o desenvolvimento de tais mapas, proporcionando rapidez e custo-efetividade. Na região amazônica, a presença constante de cobertura de nuvens e fumaça torna o uso de imagens de radar mais adequado por operar independentemente dessas barreiras. A presente pesquisa possui como objetivo propor uma metodologia para classificar o uso e cobertura da terra a partir de imagens multitemporais PALSAR-2/ALOS-2 na planície de inundação e arredores na região da ilha do Bananal. A ilha do Bananal é a segunda maior ilha fluvial do mundo com aproximadamente 750 km de extensão e 100 km de largura. A área de estudo está localizada na região de confluência entre os rios Javaés e Araguaia, situada no trecho médio da bacia do rio Araguaia. A metodologia adotada considera as seguintes etapas: aquisição de quatro imagens multitemporais PALSAR-2/ALOS 2 no nível de processamento 1.5 (banda L com resolução de 6,25 metros); (b) Análise de Componentes de Densidade de Probabilidade (ACDP); (c) diminuição do ruído utilizando a transformação Minumum Noise Fraction (MNF); e (d) classificação pelo método Support Vector Machine (SVM) considerando as assinaturas temporais. A combinação da ACDP e MNF permitiu a formulação de diferentes feições que descrevem as diferentes classes presentes na imagem. Comparativamente, as imagens foram processadas utilizando o filtro adaptativo Gamma e o classificador SVM. Os resultados do coeficiente Kappa foi de 0,62 para o método SVM/CDP-MNF e 0,57 para o método SVM/Gamma. O principal fator para a queda do coeficiente Kappa é proveniente da confusão entre as áreas de uso agropecuário (pastagem) e Savana Rupestre, nas áreas adjacentes a ilha do Bananal.
A balnearização da baixada de Araruama e a emergência da “Costa do Sol”, Rio de Janeiro (1940-1960)
Authors: Parente-Ribeiro Leticia , Góis Marcos Paulo Ferreira de , Sotratti Marcelo Antônio
Published: March 2019

Nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, a urbanização da baixada de Araruama, no litoral leste do estado do Rio de Janeiro, ocorreu sob a égide de um amplo programa de recuperação econômica do território fluminense. Capitaneadas pelo poder público, as ações para a região incluíram grandes obras de saneamento, a ampliação e reconfiguração do sistema viário e a elaboração de planos de ordenamento urbano, visando à atração de fluxos turísticos e ao direcionamento da ocupação pelo uso residencial de veraneio. As transformações das zonas costeiras, com seus ritmos e incertezas, contribuíram para que a balnearização se consolidasse, nas décadas seguintes, como o principal vetor de integração da baixada de Araruama à área metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. O marco final do estudo coincide com a oficialização da expressão “Costa do Sol”, diretamente vinculada às paisagens e práticas balneárias, para designar, em conjunto, os municípios da região.
Carte postale photographique et balnéarisation des villes littorales : le cas de Royan (1895-1920)
Authors: Caillaud Benjamin
Published: March 2019

Entre 1895 et 1920, la ville de Royan connaît un nouvel essor de son économie balnéaire et devient l’une des stations les plus fréquentées du littoral atlantique français. A la même période, un support de correspondance séduit de manière massive et diffuse : la carte postale illustrée par une photographie. Acteur revendiqué de l’économie balnéaire, le photographe et éditeur Fernand Braun s’impose alors comme une figure influente du marché de l’édition de cartes postales tandis que la concurrence conduit à une standardisation de l’offre visuelle à propos des principales attractions patrimoniales. Abondamment diffusés au format carte postale, les clichés Braun sont également utilisés par le secteur de l’édition nationale pour des ouvrages illustrés. Par la rhétorique visuelle propre à la carte postale, Fernand Braun « invente » le paysage du rivage royannais et diffuse une esthétique moderne des littoraux atlantiques.
Monitoramento participativo e accountability governamental: o estudo de caso do “Cuidando de Meu Bairro”
Authors: Amorim Ivan Trizi , Craveiro Gisele , Machado Jorge
Published: March 2019

O presente trabalho busca verificar de que maneira plataformas independentes podem influenciar a accountability governamental. Para isso, discute-se o conceito e a aplicação da accountability no estudo da plataforma “Cuidando do Meu Bairro” (CMB), ferramenta social de monitoramento e controle dos gastos públicos municipais. Foram realizados estudos bibliométricos, revisão de literatura e análises de uso da plataforma. Verifica-se que, apesar dos passos iniciais e das grandes dificuldades ainda existentes, as ferramentas da plataforma vem contribuindo na promoção da accountability governamental, sendo necessária ainda formação e consolidação de comunidades de desenvolvedores e usuários para seu fortalecimento.
The Construction of a Consumable Body
Authors: Suen Alison
Published: March 2019

In this essay, I analyze various ways in which pregnant bodies are rendered consumable. Tracing our preoccupation with pregnancy diets, I argue that a pregnant woman is made responsible for producing a consumable body. Indeed, producing and maintaining a consumable, fetus-friendly body is a responsibility that women carry before, during, and even after pregnancy. The sphere of this responsibility is also ever-expanding: it goes from detoxing the body to disinfecting the household, and even to protecting the environment at large. I examine two conditions that help construct the maternal body as consumable: 1) the invisibility of the consumed body, and 2) the appeal to “nature” as a justification for consumption. As I will show, the default position of women as consumable is reinforced both by erasing the maternal body and by appealing to the “naturalness” of breastfeeding.
Do Oil Price Shocks Affect Household Consumption?
Authors: Zaman Nabila
Published: March 2019

The paper addresses whether international oil price change has any impact on consumer spending. The study is conducted using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development nations, which have been chosen deliberately based on their economic importance and classifying each into oil importing and exporting countries: Canada, Germany, the UK and the USA. Applying the empirical methodology of the vector autoregressive model, we find evidence that international oil price shocks have a significant impact on consumer spending. The analysis is performed with two sets of specification for oil (‘Oil price change’ and ‘Net oil price increase’) and the main tools used for diagnosis are forecast error variance decomposition and impulse–response functions.The results are strongly significant for Canada and the USA. The results for Germany and the UK are mixed, which leads us to an inconclusive decision about the impact on these countries. However, in general, our empirical work supports the evidence that oil prices have some predictive power in influencing consumption decisions across oil-importing and oil-exporting countries.
The Curriculum and Community Enterprise for Restoration Science Partnership Model
Authors: Birney Lauren , McNamara Denise , Evans Brian , Woods Nancy , Hill Jonathan
Published: March 2019

This paper identifies the complex interactions of a multi-member partnership and outlines the synergetic opportunitiesand challenges within the model. At the core of the partnership model is the restoration of the waterways surroundingNew York City through the reestablishment of the oyster into New York Harbor. The overarching goal was to connectmembers of the community to their environment to increase social awareness and responsibility. Stewardship of theharbor through involvement of education, business, and private sectors increased the citizen science involvement of thecommunity. The key to the success of this partnership model is the overlapping of roles and responsibilities as well asa strong “connector” serving to mediate the interactions among the stakeholders and enable the success of thepartnership. The partnerships were dynamic and evolving blurring lines and responsibilities. Serendipitous outcomesenhanced partnership relationships and in turn, the efficacy of the project.
The Level of Satisfaction with Family Life and Self-satisfaction among a Sample of Syrian Refugees in Jordan
Authors: Hassouneh Nashat Abu
Published: March 2019

This study aims to identify the level of satisfaction with family life and self-satisfaction among sample of Syrianrefugees in Jordan in the light of some variables. The study consisted of (427) Syrian refugees. The result shows anaverage level of satisfaction with family life and self- satisfaction. In addition it indicates that there are statisticalsignificant differences in the satisfaction with the family life and self-satisfaction according to the followingvariables: gender in the favor of females. Moreover, the results shows differences in the level of satisfaction withfamily life according to the age variable in the favor of (less than 15 years), and there are differences in the level ofself-satisfaction according to the age variable in the favor of (16-30 years, and 31-45 years).
High Repetition-Rate Laser Z-Scan Measurements: Criterion for Recognizing Adverse Thermal Effects
Authors: Edziah Raymond
Published: March 2019

This study reports z-scan measurements in which high-repetition-rate and reduced repetition-rate (pulse-picked) laser beams were employed using a standard sample, carbon disulfide (CS2) contained in supposedly high damage-threshold spectroscopic-grade pristine fused-quartz cuvettes. The results suggest that at reduced repetition rates, the closed aperture z-scan profile for CS2 displays the expected configuration. However, at high repetition-rates the closed aperture z-scans are distinctly different resulting in unexpectedly large nonlinear refractive index of CS2 due to thermal effects that resulted in below-threshold laser-induced damage of the cuvettes. Normaski microscope images confirm the damage and open aperture z-scan study of the damaged fused-quartz cuvettes yielded about two orders of magnitude enhancement in the nonlinear absorption coefficient of silica. Based on these findings, the necessary criterion for recognizing below-threshold laser-induced damage in any high-repetition-rate laser z-scan measurement has been formulated in order to help avoid erroneous interpretation of the origin and strength of nonlinear response in such studies.
Determination of Analytical Solution and Limit Cycle of Nonlinear Chemical Oscillations
Authors: Olabode Dagbegnon Luc , Yovogan Julien , Orou Jean Bio Chabi
Published: March 2019

This work studies the determination of analytical solution and cycle limite in nonlinear chemical oscillations gouverned by a forced modified Van der Pol-Duffing oscillator. We considered the dynamic of nonlinear chemical systems subjected to an external sinusoidal excitation. The first order appoximative solution of the oxcillator is determined using the Lindstedt’sperturbation method. The limit cycle number of the oscillator is found as well as the effect of certain parameters of the model on cycle limit analyzes. The harmonic balance method is used to find the amplitudes of the oscillatory states. The effect of the constraint parameter β of the oscillator are observed on amplitude-response curves. Numerical simulations are used to validate the results obtained by analytical methods.
Exploring the Nexus among Environmental Pollution, Economic Growth Energy Use and Foreign Direct Investment in Sub Sahara Africa
Authors: Ssali Max William , Du Jianguo , Mensah Isaac Adjei , Hongo Duncan O.
Published: March 2019

This research seeks to enhance the current literature by exploring the nexus among environmental contamination, economic growth, energy use and foreign direct investment in 6 Selected Sub-Saharan-African-nations for a time of 34 years (1980-2014). By applying, panel unit root (CADF and CIPS, Cross-sectional independence test), panel cointegration (Pedroni and Kao cointegration test, Panel PP, Panel ADF), Hausman poolability test and an auto-regressive distributed lag procedure in view of the pooled mean group estimation (ARDL/PMG), experimental findings discloses that alluding to the related probability values, the null hypothesis of cross-sectional independence for all variables is rejected because they are not stationary at levels but rather stationary at their first difference. The variables are altogether integrated at the same order I(1). Findings revealed that there is a confirmation of a bi-directional causality between energy use and CO2 in the short-run as well as one-way causality running from energy use to CO2 in the long run. There is additionally a significant positive outcome and uni-directional causality from CO2 to foreign direct investment in the long-run yet no causal relationship in the short-run. An increase in energy use by 1% causes an increase in CO2 by 49%. An increase in economic growth by 1% causes an increment in CO2 by 16% and an increase in economic growth squared by 1% diminish CO2 by 46%. The positive and negative impact of economic growth and its square approve the EKC theory. To guarantee sustainable economic development Goal, more strict laws like sequestration ought to be worked out, use of sustainable power source ought to be stressed. GDP ought to be multiplied to diminish CO2 by the utilization of eco-technology for instance carbon capturing, to save lives and also to maintain a green environment.
Educating for Sustainability: The Crucial Role of the Tertiary Sector
Authors: Fehlner Wendy
Published: March 2019

The Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations represent a universal response to current global challenges that include climate change, poverty, political instability and the massive displacement of people worldwide. The central role of education in achieving sustainable development has been internationally acknowledged and successfully promoted: Global enrolment rates are now 90 percent for primary education and over 70 percent for secondary education. Building on these achievements, this paper focuses the role of tertiary education in contributing to sustainable development. This study reviewed recent theoretical and empirical research relating to the field. Conclusions from theoretical studies confirm that building on human capital is crucial for achieving the sustainable development goals. The majority of empirical studies also confirm a positive correlation between tertiary education and sustainable development. This study highlighted, however, that the full benefits of tertiary education to society may have been underestimated and that there are significant research gaps in the field. Furthermore, current challenges including funding, equity and market relevancy in tertiary education need to be addressed. Given the pressing global issues and the mounting evidence of positive impacts, this paper calls for more research and attention to be devoted to tertiary education in the sustainable development debate.
Nizar Qabbani's Attitude towards Arab-Israeli Peace Treaties: An Analysis of his Poetic Contents
Authors: Almazaidah Ismail Suliman
Published: March 2019

This study aims to discuss the attitude of the Arab poet Nizar Qabbani towards peace treaties with Israel. It examines a number of poems in which the poet shows his rejection of these treaties. Using a discourse analysis approach, the study explores the poet's attitudes toward these treaties and the poetic imagery he uses to express his rejection. The study concludes that Qabbani’s attitude is marked by his rejection of such treaties, and he expressed his anger towards the Arab leaders who signed them and on the Arab nations who did not object their signature. The content analysis of Qabbani’s poetry reveals that it is characterized by directness and constructiveness in some verses. It is also marked by its distance from the simple and compound images and from the aesthetics that are always found in his romantic poetry.
The Relationship between Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Aranki Dima H. , Suifan Taghrid S. , Sweis Rateb J.
Published: March 2019

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment, in Information Technology (IT) companies in Jordan. A convenience sample was selected from employees working in 24 IT companies in Jordan. A total of 711 questionnaires were distributed among them; 371 were returned, and 342 were valid for statistical analysis, resulting in response rate of 52 percent. Linear regression analysis was also used to test the hypothesis. The results of the analysis indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment. Based on the results, the research provides several recommendations. IT companies in Jordan should place emphasis on building better culture, in order to achieve higher levels of organizational commitment. The research also suggests that future research should take job satisfaction as a mediator variable of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment.
Locoregional Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Patel Krishnan R. , Menon Hari , Patel Roshal R. , Huang Erich P. , Verma Vivek , Escorcia Freddy E.
Published: November 2024

Importance

Several locoregional therapies (LRTs) for nonmetastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are available; however, a global comparison of the relative efficacy of each is needed.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review and direct, pairwise meta-analytic comparison of all identified randomized clinical trials evaluating the treatment of nonmetastatic HCC.

Data Sources

A comprehensive search of PubMed and the proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and American Society for Radiation Oncology annual meetings from January 1, 2010, to November 1, 2023, was performed.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials using a form of LRT (surgery with or without adjuvant therapy, radiofrequency ablation [RFA], microwave ablation [MWA], radiotherapy [RT], hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy [HAIC], transarterial bland embolization [TAE], transarterial chemoembolization [TACE], or transarterial radioembolization [TARE]).

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Study eligibility and data extraction were each reviewed by 2 authors independently. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to compare treatment categories.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary outcome; overall survival (OS) was the secondary outcome.

Results

Forty randomized clinical trials reporting on comparative outcomes of 11 576 total patients with localized HCC treated with LRT were included. The median follow-up was 30.0 (IQR, 18.5-40.8) months. Direct pooled comparisons between treatment classes suggested improved outcomes for surgery combined with adjuvant therapy over surgery alone (PFS: hazard ratio [HR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.51-0.75]; P < .001; OS: HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.48-0.78]; P < .001), surgery over RFA (PFS: HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.63-0.87]; P < .001; OS: HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.54-0.95]; P = .02), RT over TACE (PFS: HR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.21-0.60]; P < .001; OS: HR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.13-0.97]; P = .04), and HAIC over TACE (PFS: HR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.45-0.72]; P < .001; OS: HR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.45-0.75]; P < .001). No substantial heterogeneity was noted for any pairwise comparison with the exception of RT-based regimens compared with tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this systematic review and direct, pairwise meta-analysis suggest that all LRTs are not equivalent for the treatment of localized HCC. The efficacy of LRTs appears hierarchical, with surgery-based management outcomes associated with the best treatment outcomes and embolization-based treatment options associated with the worst treatment outcomes.
Mental Health Disorder Trends in Denmark According to Age, Calendar Period, and Birth Cohort
Authors: Momen Natalie C. , Beck Christoffer , Lousdal Mette Lise , Agerbo Esben , McGrath John J. , Pedersen Carsten B. , Nordentoft Merete , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer
Published: November 2024

Importance

Research suggests an increase in mental disorder incidence in recent years, but this trend remains unexplained, and there is a lack of large studies based on a representative sample that investigate mental disorders over the full spectrum.

Objective

To explore sex- and age-specific incidence of any mental disorder and 19 specific disorders according to birth cohort and calendar period.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a population-based cohort study among 5 936 202 individuals aged 1 to 80 years living in Denmark at some point between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2021. Data were derived from the Danish Civil Registration System and analyzed from February to August 2024.

Exposures

Birth cohort (8 categories from 1924 to 2011) and calendar period (six 3-year categories from 2004 to 2021).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incidence rates of mental disorders from 2004 to 2021 by sex and age, according to birth cohort and calendar period, including the first years of the COVID-19 pandemic, using Danish health register data.

Results

The population comprised 2 933 857 female individuals and 3 002 345 male individuals, who were followed up for 83.8 million person-years, with median ages at start and end of follow-up of 30.2 and 46.2 years, respectively. There was an overall mental disorder incidence rate of 55.27 every 10 000 person-years. For diagnoses of any mental disorder, higher incidence rates were observed for more recent birth cohorts and calendar periods in the younger ages. Over older ages, incidence rates did not vary so greatly. An increase was observed in rates of most types of mental disorders, especially among young people, and decreases for other types (eg, substance use disorders). Prominent sex differences were also observed. For example, for schizophrenia, a large increase was seen in incidence rates for female individuals in more recent birth cohorts at younger ages, but no change for male individuals, leading to a higher peak incidence for female individuals than for male individuals in the most recent periods. For personality disorders, a large increase was observed in incidence for female individuals over time and a slight decrease for male individuals.

Conclusions and Relevance

This comprehensive investigation of mental disorders incidence in Denmark indicates sex- and age-specific patterns according to birth cohorts and calendar periods. While trends may partly be explained by increases in incidence, several other factors may contribute, such as diagnostic practices, health sector capacity, and risk factors for mental disorders.
FXR activation reduces the formation of macrophage foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque, possibly by down regulating hepatic lipase in macrophages
Authors: Gu Qiang , Liu Jia , Shen Li Li
Published: November 2024

Macrophages are the most important immune cells affecting the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that promote formation of foamy macrophages during atherogenesis remain poorly understood. This study explored the effects of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and hepatic lipase (HL, encoded by LIPC) on atherogenesis, particularly in foamy macrophage formation. A luciferase reporter assay indicated that FXR could bind to the LIPC promoter and inhibit LIPC transcription. FXR agonist GW4064 decreased HL expression, foam cell formation, and increased the expression of FXR downstream genes and polarization to M2 in ox‐LDL‐induced THP‐1 and U937 foam cells. In addition, GW4064 exerted anti‐atherosclerotic effects in ApoE−/− mice, manifested as decreased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and alleviated atherosclerotic plaque formation. Collectively, FXR exerted anti‐atherosclerotic effects, possibly by negatively regulating HL expression in macrophages.
Seamless Science: Lifting Experimental Mechanical Testing Lab Data to an Interoperable Semantic Representation
Authors: Schilling Markus , Bruns Sebastian , Bayerlein Bernd , Kryeziu Jehona , Schaarschmidt Jörg , Waitelonis Jörg , Dolabella Portella Pedro , Durst Karsten
Published: November 2024

The scientific landscape is undergoing rapid transformations with the advent of the digital age which revolutionizes research methodologies. In materials science and engineering, an adoption of modern data management techniques is desirable to maximize the efficiency and accessibility of research efforts. Traditional practices in testing laboratories are usually inadequate for efficient data acquisition and utilization as they lead to local storage and difficulty in publication and correlation with other results. Electronic laboratory notebooks (ELNs) are promising prospects in this respect. Semantic concepts and ontologies enhance interoperability by standardizing experimental data representation. An in‐laboratory pipeline seamlessly integrating an ELN with transformation scripts to convert experimental into interoperable data in a machine‐actionable format is created in this study as a proof of concept. Tensile test results and the corresponding tensile test ontology are used exemplary. Linking ELN data to semantic concepts enriches the stored information while improving interpretability and reusability. Involving undergraduate students builds a bridge between theory and practice during their training and promotes their digital skills. This study underscores the potential of ELNs and knowledge representations as beneficial means toward improved data management practices that enhance collaborative research and education while ensuring compatibility with evolving standards and technologies.
Multi‐Color Synaptic Luminescence in RE‐Doped Ca2SnO4 (RE = Sm3+, Er3+, and La3+)
Authors: Wi Sangwon , Lee Chaeyeon , Han Jaeho , Seo Jiwoo , Choi Seonghun , Lee Yunsang
Published: November 2024

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in neuromorphic computation inspired by the extraordinary characteristics of the human brain, such as low energy consumption, parallelism, adaptivity, cognitive abilities, and learning capabilities. Significant research efforts have focused on exploring optical synaptic behaviors in various functional materials. In this study, the potential of red, green and blue (RGB)‐colored long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) in Sm3+/Er3+/La3+‐doped Ca2SnO4 is investigated for synaptic functionality. The luminescence of the samples is continuously enhanced under serial photoexcitation pulse applications, that is, the potentiation process, which is a key feature demonstrated in biological synapses. In addition, multichannel synaptic functionalities in the full‐color range is successfully demonstrated by integrating individual RGB‐colored Sm3+/Er3+/La3+‐doped Ca2SnO4 into a single quantity. To validate the optical synaptic behavior of the samples in neuromorphic computing applications, a reservoir computing (RC) simulation is performed for space‐time data processing using the unique responses of the samples under 4‐bit excitation pulses. The results demonstrated that the multi‐channel synaptic behaviors in the samples should be more valid for utilization in the RC layer than the single channel of synaptic behavior. We suggest this exploration holds promise for the advancement of synaptic devices employing LPL materials.
Programmable Encryption Patterns from Phosphorescent Polymers Via Laser Controlling Water‐Quenching Effect
Authors: Chen Shuidong , Yang Yuzhao , Xiao Chengwei , Wang Jiayong , Zhu Xuhui , Lu Shaolin , Zhou Wei , Yang Kejian , Li Jing , Huang Zhenjie , Ma Zetong , Feng Dengchong , Wang Cheng , Yuan Zhongke , Chen Xudong
Published: November 2024

Organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from polymers holds significant promise for information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting applications. However, conventional patterning techniques limit the development of advanced RTP encryption, highlighting the need for an efficient method that achieves encryption processes quickly and conveniently. In this study, the UV laser marking machine is applied to create traceless phosphorescent patterns by leveraging the photothermal effect of the laser and the water‐absorbent quenching RTP property of polyacrylamide. A series of biaryl derivative phosphors with low π‐electron numbers are designed to limit UV absorption to below 355 nm, thereby preventing polymer sintering by the UV laser (355 nm). Additionally, two phosphorescent polymers, PB2COOH (phosphorescence lifetime τP = 2.34 s; phosphorescence quantum yield ΦP = 13.59%) and PBN (τP = 1.46 s; ΦP = 20.33%), possessing relatively excellent phosphorescent properties, are obtained. The controllable program and non‐contact processing of the marking machine enable the rapid realization of complex patterns, such as the Twelve Chinese Zodiac Signs, effectively overcoming the constraints of traditional techniques. Based on this laser technology, applications such as dual‐locking QR (quick response) codes, misleading double QR codes, labeling, and other advanced encryption methods are developed.
Reticular Materials for Photocatalysis
Authors: Sun Kang , Qian Yunyang , Li Dandan , Jiang Hai‐Long
Published: November 2024

Photocatalysis leverages solar energy to overcome the thermodynamic barrier, enabling efficient chemical reactions under mild conditions. It can greatly reduce reliance on traditional energy sources and has attracted significant research interest. Reticular materials, including metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), represent a class of crystalline materials constructed from molecular building blocks linked by coordination and covalent bonds, respectively. Reticular materials function as heterogeneous catalysts, combining well‐defined structures and high tailorability akin to homogeneous catalysts. In this review, the regulation of light absorption, charge separation, and surface reactions in the photocatalytic process through precise molecular‐level design based on the features of reticular materials is elaborated. Notably, for MOFsmicroenvironment modulation around catalytic sites affects photocatalytic performance is delved, with emphasis on their unique dynamic and flexible microenvironments. For COFs, the inherent excitonic effects due to their fully organic nature is discussed and highlight the strategies to regulate excitonic effects for charge‐ and/or energy‐transfer‐mediated photocatalysis. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this field, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of how reticular materials can be optimized for enhanced photocatalysis is discussed.
The Photophysics of Perovskite Emitters: from Ensemble to Single Particle
Authors: Feng Minjun , Sum Tze Chien
Published: November 2024

Halide perovskite emitters are a groundbreaking class of optoelectronic materials possessing remarkable photophysical properties for diverse applications. In perovskite light emitting devices, they have achieved external quantum efficiencies exceeding 28%, showcasing their potential for next‐generation solid‐state lighting and ultra high definition displays. Furthermore, the demonstration of room temperature continuous‐wave perovskite lasing underscores their potential for integrated optoelectronics. Of late, perovskite emitters are also found to exhibit desirable single‐photon emission characteristics as well as superfluorescence or superradiance phenomena for quantum optics. With progressive advances in synthesis, surface engineering, and encapsulation, halide perovskite emitters are poised to become key components in quantum optical technologies. Understanding the underpinning photophysical mechanisms is crucial for engineering these novel emergent quantum materials. This review aims to provide a condensed overview of the current state of halide perovskite emitter research covering both established and fledging applications, distill the underlying mechanisms, and offer insights into future directions for this rapidly evolving field.
Refreshable Braille Display System Driven by Accordion‐Fold Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Fan Yangyang , Geng Hui , Wu Huimin , Lv Jiu‐an
Published: November 2024

Refreshable Braille display systems offer dynamic tactile approaches for the blind to obtain text information. However, existing refreshable Braille display systems using soft‐actuator‐driven Braille dots exhibit limitations of small strokes, complex mechanical structures, and high‐driving voltages, which inevitably lead to serious issues in safety, flexibility, and portability. To handle these issues, a novel refreshable Braille display system leveraging accordion‐fold liquid crystal elastomer actuators (AF‐LCEAs) is designed and created, which feature high stroke (1.47 mm), simple mechanical structure, and low driving voltage (20 V). The accordion‐fold structure with a high folding ratio of 59.7% not only enables significantly amplifying actuation strokes, but also brings a compact mechanical architecture for Braille dots. The structured‐LCE‐based refreshable Braille display system can be assembled modularly by multiple display units, which provides the capability to deliver rich and complex tactile information. In addition, a digital electro‐control matrix is designed to enable addressable, programmable electro‐actuation of the multiple LCE Braille dots to enable complicated refreshable tactile patterns. The Braille display system offers a versatile approach to engineering refreshable, portable, small‐sized Braille books useful for the blind.
Batrachopolyenes: Volatile Norsteroids from Femoral Scent Glands of Frogs
Authors: Stell Matthew , Melnik Kristina , Schlawis Christian , Fuchs Roman , Vences Miguel , Schäfer Marvin , Rödel Mark‐Oliver , Schulz Stefan
Published: November 2024

Steroid hormones are C18‐C21‐sterane derivatives, featuring the typical 6–6–6–5 ring system. Here we report on a novel C18‐steroid ring system named batrachane with a contracted A‐ring resulting in a 5–6–6–5 ring arrangement. The isolation, structural elucidation, and total synthesis of three members of the novel batrachopolyene family occurring in the tropical frog genus Odontobatrachus is reported. The batrachopolyenes represent an entirely new collection of volatile steroidal natural products produced by anuran amphibians. Alongside the contracted A‐ring, each member contains a Δ16‐17 double bond but differs in the central belt of the steroidal structure. To create these atypical structural features, syntheses featuring a combination of Breslow radical chain relay chlorination, Favorskii ring contraction, and Clemmensen reduction proved successful. The occurrence of such compounds in another distal anuran group, the Mantellinae, suggests a more widespread distribution of the batrachane‐type compounds among frogs. The new structural steroid type raises questions concerning steroid biosynthesis and reception, as well as distribution in frogs in general and the structures of their hormones.
Engineering Electrolyte Network Structure for Improved Kinetics and Dendrite Suppression in Zn‐S Batteries
Authors: Guo Yinfeng , Zhu Xiaoqing , Zhang Jia , Zhang Tao , Wang Zilong , Shan Minghui , Wang Fei , Cao Changyong Chase , Xu Guiyin , Zhu Meifang
Published: November 2024

Aqueous zinc‐sulfur batteries (Zn−S) are promising alternatives to conventional lithium‐ion technology due to their high energy density, low cost, and enhanced safety. However, challenges such as slow redox kinetics of sulfur cathode conversion and inadequate anode stability persist. This study demonstrates that by tuning the electrolyte structure with the introduction of propylene glycol methyl ether (PM) as a co‐solvent and ZnI2 as an electrolyte additive, and significant improvements at both electrodes could be achieved. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the larger polar −OH and C−O−C electron‐donating groups in the PM molecule can donate electrons for the redox reaction of I−/I3−. Its role as a redox mediator improves the reversibility of the sulfur cathodic transformation. Additionally, the dipole moment induced by the hydroxyl groups in PM enhances electron transfer from the zinc anode to the electrolyte and promote the decomposition of anions (OTF−), improving the interfacial stability of the zinc anode. The synergistic effect of PM and the I−/I3− redox mediator pair enables the zinc‐sulfur battery to deliver an impressive capacity of 1456 mAh g−1 and a high energy density of 471.8 Wh kg−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1.
Designing In2S3/FeVO4/CNT Photoelectrode for Enhanced Visible Light Driven Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Garg Nitika , Ganguli Ashok K.
Published: November 2024

The development of efficient and stable photoelectrodes is essential for the advancement of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water‐splitting technologies, which hold promise for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER), necessary for sustainable hydrogen production. In this study, the synthesis of a ternary composite, In
S
/FeVO
/CNT has been reported, designed for highly efficient PEC oxygen evolution. The formation of In
S
/FeVO
heterostructure enhances PEC performance significantly due to the type‐II band alignment, which minimizes electron‐hole recombination and improves charge separation. The addition of CNTs further enhances performance by providing conductive pathways that improve electron transport and reduce charge transfer resistance. The resulting In
S
/FeVO
/CNT ternary composite achieves a current density of 14.70 mAcm
at 1.8 V vs. RHE, representing a notable increase in performance. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that the ternary composite has the lowest charge transfer resistance, while Bode phase analysis indicates a longer carrier lifetime, emphasizing the synergistic effect of heterostructure formation and CNT inclusion. The ternary composite also demonstrates excellent stability and responsiveness during transient photocurrent cycling, maintaining performance under repeated chronoamperometric ON/OFF cycles, making it a strong candidate for water‐splitting applications driven by visible light.
Triflic Anhydride‐Mediated Friedel–Crafts Arylation of Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones
Authors: Yao Zhenying , Tang Zhanyong , Zhao Depeng
Published: November 2024

Since the initial report, the Friedel–Crafts reaction has become a powerful tool to functionalize arenes. Nevertheless, the use of nitrogen heterocycles as electrophiles in Friedel‐Crafts reactions has been less explored. Here, we show a Friedel–Crafts‐like reaction of electron‐rich arenes with quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones, enabling late‐stage C2–H arylation of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones via triflic anhydride (Tf2O) activation. A series of substrates can be efficiently coupled under mild reaction conditions, affording C(sp3)−C(sp2) coupling product 2‐aryl dihydroquinazolinones that can be further converted into the corresponding quinazolinone in the presence of base. This methodology offers efficient access to 2‐aryl quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and exhibits good functional group compatibility and site selectivity. Mechanistic investigations reveal the formation of highly electrophilic iminium intermediates upon Tf2O activation of quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones, which serve as the key reactive species, enabling the Friedel‐Crafts reaction to proceed efficiently.
Exponential stability of fuzzy systems with actuator saturation based on hybrid control
Authors: Ge Chao , Long Zhipeng , Liu Yajuan , Qu Ping
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we investigate the exponential stabilization problem of the fuzzy system with time‐varying delay based on actuator saturation and deception attacks. A Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model is used to express nonlinear systems. By combining Lyapunov Krasovskii‐type functionals with the idea of parallel distributed compensation (PDC), the stability of the fuzzy system is analyzed. Two cases are considered: First, impulse and state feedback are control signals; second, as disturbance signals, the impulse signals destroy the stability of the system, and only the state feedback signals play a role. The stability of the system is analyzed by using the Lyapunov method. Several stabilization criteria are obtained in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, two illustrative examples are presented to show the validity of the obtained results.
Preparation, Characterization, and Immune Activity of Viola philippica Polysaccharide PLGA Nanoparticles
Authors: Wei Tiantian , Guo Jinhang , Hong Ancan , He Qiuyue , Chen Jiafa , Ren Zhe , Qin Tao
Published: November 2024

Recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Viola philippica polysaccharide (VPP) exhibits a modulating effect on immune activity. However, its utilization has been hampered by its large particle size and complex spatial structure. Polylactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) copolymer is recognized as an effective drug delivery carrier, exhibiting excellent biochemical properties. In this experiment, VPP was encapsulated with PLGA to form VPP PLGA nanoparticles (VPP–PLGA NPs). The morphological structure and immunomodulatory effects of VPP–PLGA NPs were evaluated. The particle size of VPP–PLGA NPs was reduced compared to VPP, and the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: The ratio of the organic phase to the internal aqueous phase was 8:1, the ratio of the external aqueous phase to the primary emulsion was 7:1, and the concentration of PLGA was 20 mg/mL. Additionally, VPP–PLGA NPs significantly increased the nitric oxide (NO) content, IL‐4, and IFN‐γ levels in RAW264.7 cells, as well as enhanced their phagocytic activity. Furthermore, VPP–PLGA NPs were found to increase NO content and IFN‐γ secretion in bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). These findings suggest that VPP–PLGA NPs could enhance the immune activity and may be utilized as a VPP delivery system for inducing strong immune responses.
Trisodium Citrate‐Assisted Synthesis of Edge‐Abundant Nickel‐Iron Layered Double Hydroxides for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Qu Jiang , Hu Xiao , Deconinck Marielle , Liu Lixiang , Cheng Yapeng , Zhao Ruyan , Wang Mingchao , Zhang Haining , Vaynzof Yana , Schuster Jörg , Cabot Andreu , Leistner Karin , Li Fei
Published: November 2024

The edges of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) display an exceptionally more efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity than the (001) basal plane as demonstrated by both theoretical calculations and experimental studies. However, a controllable synthesis method of LDHs with abundant edges has yet to be described. Herein, we report a strategy enabling the synthesis of nickel‐iron LDHs with abundant edges (NiFe LDHs‐E) based on the use of citrate anions as the structure‐directing agent. The edge density is characterized using spectroscopy techniques and its OER performance is compared with that of nickel‐iron LDHs with abundant basal planes (NiFe LDHs‐B). In alkaline electrolyte (1 M KOH), NiFe LDHs‐E exhibits excellent OER activity with very low overpotential (235 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and current densities (at η = 320 mV) up to sixfold higher than those of NiFe LDHs‐B. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm the high OER activities ascribed to the abundant side‐plane edges with optimal strength of binding of OER intermediates. Overall, a comprehensive investigation, employing both experimental and computational methodologies, yields new insights to fabricate superior catalysts meticulously designed with specific crystal planes and unveils the crucial structural attributes, thus unleashing the limitless potential of the catalytic domain.
Ligand Engineering Toward Robust Sodium Storage in Self‐Supported Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhou Dan , Ni Jiangfeng
Published: November 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries capable of charging and discharging rapidly and durably are eagerly demanded to replace current lithium‐ion batteries. However, large Na+ ions need more space to accommodate them. Metal‐organic frameworks are promising anode materials, and their structure and performance are governed by organic ligands. Herein, we report a ligand engineering to design metal‐organic frameworks with large conjugated naphthalene‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid. Self‐supported arrays of metal‐organic frameworks reveal robust sodium storage when used as a binder‐free anode. The uniquely long and conjugated aromatic ligands endow the metal‐organic frameworks with rich sites to accommodate Na+ ions, thus enabling a high reversible capacity for sodium storage. As a result, such metal‐organic frameworks exhibit a high capacity of 330 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 with remarkable rate capability and cycling performance. This work provides an exciting ligand strategy to design high‐capacity metal‐organic framework materials and would find extensive applications in various energy storage systems.