bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEACHING SPEAKING SKILL TO DEAF STUDENTS
Authors: Sukrisna Zahra Nurmeiliawati , Suryanti Yanti , Rahmah Mursidah
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT  English subject is taught to every student, including the special need students especially deaf students. This research aims to find out how the teacher teaches speaking skill as one of the skills in English to deaf students. Descriptive method is applied in this research which is conducted at SLB-B Dharma Wanita Bogor to 11th grade and the English teacher as the participants. Based on the result of this research, it is found that teacher has to apply the rules, strategies, and techniques in teaching speaking skill to deaf students. One of the ways in teaching them is teacher always helps them with the visual media since it helps them a lot in understanding the material. For example, teacher adds information by writing it on the whiteboard so they will know and understand how to sound the word clearly. Based on the result, it can be concluded that in teaching speaking skill to deaf students there are several special treatments and ways to be applied. They are; lip reading, counting the syllables, adding transcription, and mixing the languages. Keywords: Teaching Speaking Skill, Special Students, Deaf Students
Application of Cybernetetic Learning Theory Using Visual Illustration Media to Develop Students' English Speaking Skills
Authors: Sriwati Sriwati , Ruhanda Ruhanda , Yulianto Erwin
Published: August 2022

The ability to speak English is a must to survive in global competition. As education people always try and want to explore to improve the quality of graduates who are better with a variety of methods, but the results are still not satisfactory as expected. Various attempts to improve English learning outcomes have been carried out through suitable and fun learning models using in-service and on-service training systems, but after completing the training many teachers returned to the old teaching method (teacher centered). Communicative approach methods / approaches have not been implemented so that the results achieved have not been improved. Of the four English language skills, the lowest score is speaking skills. The main cause is the low student interest in learning and the use of media that is less interesting, coupled with teaching and learning activities in the classroom that are boring. Seeing this kind of teacher creativity is needed, for example by conducting teaching and learning activities based on visual illustration media according to the tastes of the child but so that it can meet the demands of the curriculum and keep abreast of technological developments. The research method used is to use the concept of Action Research Class which consists of 2 cycles, where each cycle consists of several stages, namely planning, action implementation, observation and evaluation and reflection. Classroom action research on improving speaking English by applying cybernetic learning theory and visual illustration media carried out over two cycles is able to be an alternative learning reference for teachers and students who are fun.
THE USE OF FORM-FOCUSED INSTRUCTION (FFI) ON STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WRITE A BIOGRAPHICAL RECOUNT TEXT
Authors: Andriyani Aan , Vonti Lungguh Halira , Sutisna Entis
Published: August 2022

Writing is one of the language skills that should be mastered by students. However, the skill is not easy to be grasped since students are not only demanded to generate ideas, but they also should understand how the written language constructed by using appropriate words, tenses, and the construction of the text itself. Thus, the teacher should facilitate students to develop their writing ability. Form-Focused Instruction (FFI) was chosen as an approach that can be applied on teaching writing. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of Form-Focused Instruction (FFI) on students’ ability to write a biographical recount text. The population of this research was tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 8 Kabupaten Tangerang. 36 students of class X MIA 2 were the sample used in this research by using random sampling technique. Pre-experimental method with one group pre-test post-test design was applied in conducting this research. The instrument of this research was writing test which was given to measure students’ writing ability. The data were gained from the pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. From the calculation, it was found that the t-test value is 14.84 when was higher than the t-table value (2.03). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of Form-Focused Instruction (FFI) affected students’ ability to write a biographical recount text.
THE USE OF PEER FEEDBACK TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WRITE DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Authors: Mahdiyyah Khadijah , Herawati Atti , Vonti Lungguh Halira
Published: August 2022

Writing is one of productive skills that is different from other skills. In writing, students need more time to express their idea in a written form. Besides, teacher also needs time to give feedback to motivate the students in revising their work. To make the activity of giving feedback more effective and efficient, this research was conducted. It is aimed to find out whether peer feedback has positive effect or not in enhancing students’ ability to write descriptive text. This research involved the third semester students of English Language Education Study Program, Pakuan University. The sample was 21 students from semester 3A. They were chosen by using random sampling technique. The researcher used quantitaive approach and applied pre-experimental method. She chose one group pre-test post-test design. The instrument of this research was writing test to measure students’ ability to write descriptive text. In addition, the data were analyzed by using t-test formula. From the calculation, she finds the result of t-test value is 9.41 meanwhile the t-table value is 2.09 from the significant level 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) is 20. It means that the t-test value is higher than t-table value (9.41 more than 2.09). The calculation indicates that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Thus, peer feedback affects students’ ability to write descriptive text.
Flipped Learning in TEYL Class: The Implementation and Students’ Perception
Authors: Vonti Lungguh Halira , Andovita Leora Grahadila
Published: August 2022

The study is aimed to describe the implementation of flipped learning and also to know the students’ perception toward the implementation of flipped learning in TEYL class. The study was conducted to the seventh semester students of English Education Study Program in Faculty of Teachers Training and Educational Sciences, Pakuan University.  The method of the study is descriptive experimental research. The result of the study showed that the lecturer's overall experience in the course was quite encouraging and motivating for other lecturers or researchers as that the student engagement to the material was improved, and there were many active discussions of the material took place in the classroom activities, and the students also expanded their learning skills as they needed to read and review the material independently. Based on the students' point of view, related to their perception of the implementation of flipped learning, most of them gave positive perception since they stated that the learning model was motivating and also gave them opportunities to interact with their friends and lecturer.
STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN UNDERSTANDING STATISTICAL CALCULATION
Authors: Arismika Ihda Ulfah , Irdiyansyah Iyan , Sutisna Entis
Published: August 2022

The paper entitled “Students’ Difficulties in Understanding Statistical Calculation” is conducted to analyze the students’ difficulty in understanding statistical calculation and the causes of it. The research is applied to the seventh semester students of English Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Sciences, Pakuan University. Students who got low score in statistics subject are chosen as the participants. Descriptive method is used in conducting this research. Questionnaire and interview are used to collect the data of this research. The result of this research shows that the students get difficulties in understanding statistical calculation. The problems are students are not able to answer statistics questions. Additionally, they are not able to understand the statistical formulas, not able to use scientific calculator, and not able to absorb the material that was taught well. Then, the causes are they are not interested in statistical calculation, they are not taught by interesting method, they were weak in calculating, and they are not familiar with scientific calculator.
TEACHERS’ WAY OF COMMUNICATIONS WITH STUDENTS IN CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARING (CLIL) CLASSES
Authors: Zulfa Wafa Dwi , Rahmah Mursidah , Sofyan Deddy
Published: August 2022

The fact of learning a language that is not our own, opens the mind. One of the most important language in the world is English. English has become the most used language of communication. Teacher as the facilitator need to support the learning environment in the classroom effectively. It has created the dire need to explore new teaching methodology that can increase learners’ command of foreign language. Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is a method that is used to develop the proficiency both target language and content, it can help students to be mastering their foreign language and content from other subjects beside English. This research is aimed to investigate teachers’ way for communication with students in CLIL classes. This research was conducted at SMP-SMA Cahaya Rancamaya Islamic Boarding School. There were 2 participants involved in this research, which were Physics and Biology teachers who used CLIL as the teaching and learning method. The writer used qualitative method and descriptive analysis in conducting this research. To gain the research data, she used three research instruments: documentation, interview and interview. Documentation instrument was used to analyze teachers’ CLIL lesson plans. Two interviews also conducted to confirm and avoid misunderstanding. Both interviews were conducted online because of the Covid-19 situation. This study reveals that teachers’ way for communication with students in CLIL classes happened in the three stages of classroom activities which are in pre-activity, while activity and post-activity. The communication aspect in the CLIL classroom used English as the medium in the interaction. Teachers’ ways of communication with students influenced by the classroom activities and questioning techniques which are Conceptual Checking Question (CCQ) and instructional Checking Question (ICQ) to make students participate to communicate which will affect the English communication in the CLIL classroom.
Difficulties in Developing Idea Encountered by Students in Writing Argumentative Essay
Authors: Saprina Cindy Mutiara , Rosyid Abdul , Suryanti Yanti
Published: August 2022

Writing is one of the most important skills that have to be mastered in the art of language learning. In the university level, EFL students have essay writing subject that requires them to write many types of essay, among those being the argumentative essay. In writing an essay, they need to be able to develop their own original ideas, despite the fact that some of them still consider this a difficult task. This research is aimed to highlight set of difficulties encountered by students that are assigned to develop ideas whilst writing argumentative essay. This research was conducted at Pakuan University and involved 23 students as participant of this study. Qualitative method and descriptive analysis are applied in conducting this research. To gain the research data, three research instruments were used, they are: documentation, questionnaire and interview. Documentation instrument was used to analyze students’ work of argumentative essay. The questionnaire was administered to all participants and the interview was conducted once for each student. This study reveals that the students still have some difficulties in constructing thesis statement, organizing paragraph, making writing coherent and combining ideas in correct sentences. Finally, the result of this research may urge the students to improve their writing skills and provide the teachers to explore more on teaching writing practices.
Teachers' Communication Strategies in Fostering the Entrepreneurial Spirit of Students of SMK Centers of Excellence in Bekasi City
Authors: Irawan Dhani , Oswari Teddy
Published: August 2022

The Vocational High School Centers of Excellence program aims to improve the quality of SMK graduates, one of which is entrepreneurship. This study aims to determine the communication strategies of teachers and inhibiting factors in fostering the entrepreneurial spirit of students. The research method used is a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive approach. The research paradigm used is the constructivism paradigm with data collection methods through interviews, observation, and documentation collection with research subjects consisting of teachers and students. The results showed that teachers use the SOR (stimulus-organism-response) and AIDDA (attention-interest-desire-decesion-action) models where students can receive messages well marked by changes in knowledge, attitude/character, and behavior. The communication process is carried out in learning activities in verbal and non-verbal forms tostimulate students to give their best responses. The learning activities carried out are entrepreneurship learning with project-based learning and training. The communication process between teachers and students in fostering the entrepreneurial spirit often experiences communication barriers. Communication barriers that occur include barriers in interpreting messages, barriers in developing messages, and barriers in receiving messages. Communication barriers can be resolved well through maximum efforts such as establishing more intensive coordination and cooperation between teachers and students through parents.
High Poverty Rate Amidst Empowerment Programmes: The Impact of Skills Acquisition on Poverty Reduction in Rural Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Eteng F. O. , Opara I. J. , Ezikeudu C. C. , Adie H. , Ogar J. I. , Ozumba L. , Ugo S. Bassey
Published: August 2022

This study sought to examine skills acquisition and its effect on poverty reduction in rural Cross River State, Nigeria. Thus, providing policy guide towards government effective implementation of skills acquisition programmes in the state in order to reduce poverty at the grassroots. Survey method of research was utilized to obtain information from households and communities. Five thousand and four (5004) respondents were selected using ballot method. Data were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (r x y). The findings of the study show that the skill acquisition programmes organized by Cross River State Government has not significantly reduced rural poverty in the state. The study concluded that despite government intention to provide skills to the rural people in order to be functionally relevant in their local environments, there were some obnoxious practices which served as obstacles to the successful implementation of these programmes in the rural areas of the state. Some of these include: the supply of obsolete equipment, dishonest attitude of the programme managers and prebendal selection of beneficiaries. Based on the findings, the study recommended that the government should increase the quantity of items and materials given to the trainees. One cannot acquire skills without equipment. It amounts to giving somebody training without creating job opportunities. It is as good as nothing. Therefore, if government is serious with poverty reduction programme, trainees should have their materials ready at the point of graduation or passing out. Capacity building demands that availability of materials as the basis for success on a given task should be given prompt attention.
Host Range of Coconut Rugose Spiralling Whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin
Authors: D Nandhini  , Srinivasan T
Published: August 2022

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is attacked by a wide variety of insect pests of which rugose spiralling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin has been causing widespread damage in growing major coconut growing districts of Tamil Nadu since 2016 and has been recorded as an invasive pest in coconut. The pest is expanding its host range in economic field and horticultural crop plants besides weed fauna, posing a real threat to farming community. Extensive survey undertaken in Tamil Nadu during 2018 to 2020 to study the expanding host range of RSW which revealed the presence of the pest in about 67 host plants including coconut. Management of the pest through chemical means is highly difficult and the parasitoid, Encarsia guadeloupae has been observed to effectively suppress the pest. Host plants that harbor more Encarsia parasitoids (which are referred as banker plants) would help in biosuppression of the pest. Upon studying the host range, it was found that, the RSW was able to complete its life cycle and successfully emerge as adults in only six hosts viz., coconut, teak, banana, guava, maize and Spanish cherry, while five other hosts viz., Annona muricata, A. squamosa, A. reticulata, Theobroma cacao and Ficus religiosa supported RSW up to its nymphal stage and harboured Encarsia guadeloupae parasitoids in larger numbers. These hosts can be used as banker crops in and around coconut plantations so that the emerging parasitoids will aid in biosuppression of the target pest.
A New Record of Termite Coptotermes emersoni Ahmed
Authors: Bhanupriya  , Nidhi Kakkar  , Sanjeev K. Gupta
Published: August 2022

The Coptotermes Wasmann (1896), is a highly scattered genus, which is represented by nine species. Coptotermes emersoni Ahmad (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae: Coptotermitinae) is a species first time reported from Southern Haryana, India, with specimens trapped from banyan tree. Morphometric analysis of soldiers like body length, head length without mandibles, head length with mandibles, body pigmentation, antennae segments, tibial spur, tarsal segments, head width, and body width has been made. These reveals that C. emersoni has crenulations present on each of the mandibles, right mandible with two crenulation and left mandible with five crenulations which make it unique among other species of the genus Coptotermes.
Asimilarea azotului și productivitatea culturilor în diverse procedee de fertilizare cu paie
Authors: RUSU Alexandru , BULAT Ludmila , ARHIP Olga
Published: August 2022

In order to identify efficient and rational procedures for the valorization of straw surpluses as fertilizer, the authors studied their influence on plant production and nitrogen supply to plants. The experiment was established on clayey-loamy poorly eroded ordinary chernozem, in Cahul district, Republic of Moldova. The experimental design included variants consisting in the application of straw that was not supplemented with nitrogen and variants in which straw was supplemented with low doses of nitrogen. The combination of straw with sheep manure as well as with high doses of chemical fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus was also tested. Straw and associated fertilizers were applied once every four years, in 2009, 2013 and 2017, in July. The most efficient variant consisted in the procedure by which 4 t/ha of chopped straw was spread on the stubble over which chemical fertilizers N20 P20 were distributed. This procedure ensured an average annual increase of 480 kg/ha of conventional wheat. The phenomenon of crop yield decrease because of the incorporation of straw applied separately without nitrogen did not occur in this experiment. This is due to the ability of chernozem soils to form, through humus mineralization, enough nitrogen needed for the microbiological processing of straw applied in the summer. Thus, the soil type and climatic conditions in the South of the Republic of Moldova allow to incorporate straw surpluses as a fertilizer, including without being supplemented with nitrogen-containing fertilizers.
Корреляционный анализ сопряженности уровня урожая с биометрическими показателями и элементами его структуры у озимой пшеницы
Authors: ПОСТОЛАТИ Алексей , РУДОЙ Марина
Published: August 2022

The paper presents an analysis of the level of contingency and the contribution of each of the main yield components to the overall yield of winter wheat and their functional relationships in Balti steppe, Republic of Moldova. For the correlation analysis, the authors used the level of productivity of winter wheat and its main yield components obtained in the competitive variety trials during 2016-2020 in the Research Institute for Field Crops “Selectia”. In the experiment 6 morpho-biological indices for 15 typical varieties of 2 different ecotypes were analyzed. The coefficients of variation and correlation were determined according to the methodical guidance of Dospehov B.A. and Sedlovschi A.I. In the ecological conditions of the Republic of Moldova a strong direct correlation was established between the level of overall wheat productivity and its yield components - grain weight per ear and plant height, while an average correlation was revealed between overall productivity and the mass of  1000 grains and the amount of productive ears on the unit area (productive tillering).
Influenţa regulatorilor de creștere asupra obținerii producțiilor înalte în plantațiile de cireș din soiul Kordia altoite pe portaltoiul Maxma 14
Authors: LOZAN Andrei , Peșteanu Ananie
Published: August 2022

The experiment was carried out in the orchard “Agroparc Management” Ltd. established in 2015. The study subject of the experiment was Kordia cherry variety, grafted on MaxMa 14. The trees were trained according to the spindle system and the fruit tree spacing of 5.0×3.0 m. The research was conducted during the year 2021. In order to study the effect of the growth regulators Auxiger LG (1-naphthylacetamide (1-NAD - 1.5 g/l), 1-naphthylacetic acid (1-NAA - 0.6 g/l)) and Gibbera, SL (gibberellins, 10 g/l mixture of GA4+7) on the fruit setting rate, the development processes of cherry trees and the fruit yield the following variants of treatment were experimented: 1. Control – without treatment; 2. Auxiger LG, 0.7 l/ha; 3. Gibbera, SL, 0.25 l/ha; 4. Gibbera, SL, 0.5 l/ha. The growth regulator Auxiger LG was sprayed once, during the period of intensive fruit growing, when the fruits diameter was 12–13 mm (14.05.2021), while Gibbera, SL was applied in three phases. The first treatment was done at the end of the flowering phase (26.04.2021), and the subsequent two treatments – at an interval of 7-10 days, on 05.05.2021 and on 14.05.2021, respectively. During the analyzed period, it was established that a higher fruit setting rate, a better development of trees, higher  fruit yields and a more balanced economic efficiency of cherry production were recorded when using the growth regulator Gibbera, SL at a dose of 0.5 l/ha.
Reacţia formelor parentale şi hibrizilor F2 de tomate la temperaturi stresante
Authors: MIHNEA Nadejda , CLIMAUȚAN Diana , ROȘCA Cristian
Published: August 2022

The paper presents data on the response of F2 hybrid combinations and parental forms of tomato at different temperatures (optimal 2500C and stressful 4000, 4200C), tested in laboratory conditions. It was established that stressful temperatures significantly affect the early ontogenesis of tomato varieties and hybrids by suppressing the growth of the embryonic root, stem and seedling (sometimes by stimulating them). Cluster analysis by the k-media method demonstrated that stressful temperatures manifested a higher discriminating ability of tomato clusters for seedling length and embryonic root length characters, which reveals a more pronounced specificity of interaction at these temperatures. Florina, Wake, Prestij and Rome varieties and F2 hybrid combinations Mary Gratefullt x Pontina, Prestij x Pontina, Rome x Wake have the highest complex resistance in terms of the reaction of the embryonic root, stem and seedling at 4200C temperature. They are of interest in the further process of breeding.
Скрининг штаммов грибов Trichoderma pers. для защиты растений от Albifimbria verrucaria, ранее известного как Myrothecium verrucaria
Authors: ЩЕРБАКОВА Татьяна
Published: August 2022

The phytopathogen Albifimbria verrucaria (Myrothecium) produces macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins. When developed on animal feed, it can cause poisoning. The research aims to select strains of Trichoderma fungi that are promising for plant protection against the pathogen Alb. verrucaria. The antagonistic activity of 21 Trichoderma cultures against Alb. verrucaria was studied using the double-culture method. On day 10, three isolates of Trichoderma sp. 3K, 7T and 12T inhibited the pathogen by 67-71%. Furthermore, in seven variants of the double cultures, inhibition of Trichoderma fungi by the pathogen with the formation of sterile zones with a radius of 2-10 mm was observed. By day 15 of double-culture incubation, pathogen accretion was noted on some Trichoderma cultures, including 3K and 12T. As a result of the microscopy of crop connection zones and growth zones, three isolates, namely 1K, 4T and 13N, were noted as promising for plant protection against Alb. verrucaria.
Unele aspecte privind studiul creșterilor în diametru la goruneturile de provenienţă vegetativă (lăstari) din Republica Moldova
Authors: BOAGHIE Dionisie
Published: August 2022

It is known that the growth rate of a tree, respectively, a stand, during its life differs from one period of life to another. Thus, the growth rate is more accelerated at the beginning of life, so that, achieving the peak of growth in volume, this rate gradually decreases, becoming more and more weak in old age, until the tree stand passes into a state of decrepitude. This variation in the process of accumulation of wood biomass makes the economic efficiency of the tree, respectively, the stand, which varies depending on the development phase, i.e. its age. This increase in volume, usually expressed by the current annual growth of the tree, respectively, the stand at the level of measurement unit and transferred to total yield, ultimately defines its economic efficiency, which in turn varies according to the amplitude of the variation of the growth index. In this context, the purpose of this aper was to evaluate the diameter increments of sessile oak stands (Quercus petraea Liebl.) of vegetative origin from shoots in the Republic of Moldova in relation to the yield class, age and generation originating from shoots, as well as in relation to the composition and consistency of the stand at the level of physical-geographical areas and phytoclimatic levels.
Effect of added sulphur dioxide levels on the aroma characteristics of wines from Panciu wine region
Authors: MACOVICIUC Sorin , NECHITA Constantin Bogdan , CIOROIU Ionel Bogdan , COTEA Valeriu , NICULAUA Marius
Published: August 2022

In the wine-making process, the yeasts form over 20 higher alcohols that improve the sensation of palatine veil for the wine. The amount of higher alcohols is lower for white and rosé wines obtained from clarified musts fermented at moderate temperatures. The formation of higher alcohols is confirmed by the fact that the addition of certain nitrogen compounds to a glucose-containing culture medium leads, after the fermentation, to an increase in the higher alcohol content. Data evaluate by comparison the levels of higher alcohols, esters and aldehydes, important to fermentation process in case of several wines from Panciu region. The wine-making was done by classical methods and by using specific protocols for low content sulphur dioxide. This study is focused to compare wines obtained from two grape varieties produced at industrial level: Feteasca regala vs. Feteasca regala Frizzante and Cabernet Sauvignon rosé vs. Cabernet Sauvignon. The compounds were analyzed by GC-FID method with head-space technique for methanol, 1-propanol, 2-methyl-propanol, 1-butanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, isoamyl acetate and acetaldehyde. The results showed that in almost every comparative study the levels of aroma compounds are maintained, when compared with the wines with low content of sulphur dioxide. Tuckey test showed that 1-propanol and ethyl acetate register statistically significant differences for Cabernet Sauvignon rosé and for Feteasca regala Frizzante.
Sistem pentru deshidratarea fructelor cu eficiență energetică înaltă
Authors: POPESCU Victor , ȚISLINSCAIA Natalia , POPA Sergiu , VIȘANU Vitali , BALAN Mihail , MELENCIUC Mihail , MALAI Cristian
Published: August 2022

The paper is dedicated to streamlining the process of fruit dehydration, by microwave treatment in the tunnel, mainly by reducing electricity consumption. To address this issue, an experimental system for fruit dehydration was developed, thus the research being conducted applying a tunnel-type dehydrator. The experiments were performed on the example of apricots, peaches and plums. The results obtained with the application of the experimental system were compared with those obtained based on the classical dehydration technology. Fruit dehydration based on the developed system reduces the consumption of electricity by about 1.37 times, compared to the application of classical technology.
Influența fructelor asupra proprietăților organoleptice ale iaurtului din lapte de capră și vacă
Authors: CUȘMENCO Tatiana
Published: August 2022

The objectives of this study were to analyze the yogurt processed from a mixture of goat and cow milk (series I) and goat milk (series II) with the addition of fruit puree of black chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa), raspberries (Rubus idaeus) and strawberries (Fragaria ananassa). From the physico-chemical point of view, sugar content in the goat milk yogurt with strawberies had the lowest values (2.79±0.01 %). At storage, the best evolution of syneresis (1.05 ± 0.04-2.01 ± 0.05 ml/100 ml) and water holding capacity (66.6 ± 0.02-56.1 ± 0.01%) was observed in the mixture of goat/cow milk yogurt with strawberries. From a chromatic point of view, color characteristics with the highest values (85.31 ± 2.75-83.00 ± 3.54) were noticed in the goat/cow milk yogurt with black chokeberries. From an organoleptic point of view, goat/cow milk yogurt with strawberries obtained and kept its highest score, having a refreshing aroma, smooth and viscous gel and a sweet taste.
Evaluări microbiologice ale unor sortimente de brânzeturi
Authors: GOLBAN Rita
Published: August 2022

The scientific researches presented in this paper aimed to study the aspects of the bacterial microflora in some assortments of cheese in their fresh state and in various refrigeration periods, sold in the industrial network, according to the scheme of classical microbiological laboratory procedure. Bacterioscopic and bacteriological investigations evaluated the number of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus colonies, yeast cells and conditionally pathogenic species in hard and soft cheeses. Obtained data confirmed the presence of a normal bacterial microflora resulted from the lactic fermentation mechanism. Potential pathogenic microorganisms like Salmonella, Staphylococcus and coliform bacteria were not identified. These researches are of public interest as evidenced by the fact that dairy products sold in markets are of high quality and meet food safety and marketing requirements.
Optimizing the use of protein in the young cattle body
Authors: GOLUBENKO Tatiana , RAZANOVA Olena
Published: August 2022

The organization of complete feed rations for cattle meeting the needs of animals in energy, protein, amino acids, minerals and vitamins in terms of basic nutrients and biologically active substances represents the main condition to achieve the genetic potential of productivity. The purpose of the paper was to optimize the protein utilization in the body of young cattle by synchronizing the processes of fermentation of nitrogen-containing substances and carbohydrates in feed. Barothermal treatment of concentrated feed mixtures with high protein degradability and a high content of non-structural carbohydrates causes a more uniform fermentation of nutrients, intensification of microbial protein synthesis processes and an increase in the efficiency of energy use of carbohydrates and protein nitrogen by rumen microflora. This is evidenced by an increase in the number of ciliates by 4.4–8.1% and a decrease in the concentration of ammonia and volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid by 5.2–.2% and 3.4–4.3 %, respectively. A decrease in nitrogen losses is indicated by a decrease in the content of urea in animals’ blood by 2.0–9.0%. Extrusion of concentrated feeds with high protein degradability and high content of non-structural carbohydrates improves animal productivity and feed efficiency. The average daily gain in live weight increases by 4.8-6.0% in the experimental group. As a result, feed consumption is reduced by 2.7-6.9%, while protein consumption is reduced by 2.6-5.7%.
International police reform and project management
Authors: Janssens Jelle
Published: August 2022

International police reform and project management: Empirical observations on EULEX Kosovo

In February 2008, the European Union (EU) launched its largest civilian crisis management operation under its Common Security and Defence Policy: the EU Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX). It was to take over UNMIK’s rule of law functions and help pave the way for Kosovo’s European integration. Based on field research conducted in Kosovo from November 2010 until February 2011 and interviews with members of EULEX, this article examines one distinctive element of EULEX’s approach towards police reform: the programmatic approach. Although promising and based on principles of sound project management, this approach is faced with a number of challenges that are inextricably bound with international police missions and relate to the cumbersome process of recruiting a sufficient number of qualified personnel. However, the article contends that because of its distinctive character, EULEX’s programmatic approach may provide an alternative to the conventional manner in which international police reform is being conceived and especially composed.
Purple Vests
Authors: Devroe Elke
Published: August 2022

Purple Vests: The Origins of Plural Policing in Belgium

This article increases the body of knowledge on the origins of plural policing in a continental setting, more specifically in Belgium. Compared to other European countries, Belgium occupies a unique position, which can be explained by its particular constitutional setting. While non-police public actors execute police surveillance tasks in the public space, private security companies have no more competences than any ordinary citizen. Today maintenance of social disorder in the public space presents itself as a municipal patchwork, delineated by municipal autonomy and by political choices against privatisation. In this article we formulate an answer to the central research question ‘How did plural policing processes in Belgium originate and what is the current situation?’ By means of a multiple case study with triangulation of methods, 27 years of security policy (1985-2012) are analysed. Contrasting with neo-liberal policies in the UK from the 1970s on, Belgian policy was shaped by the powerful presence of socio-democrats who occupied key ministry positions in the federal government, such as the minister of the Interior and the minister of Big Cities, throughout the entire time period. Political bargaining processes explain the ongoing investment in prevention and in ‘purple vests,’ and the choice to exclude private actors in the public space.
Plural Policing in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Terpstra Jan , van Stokkom Bas
Published: August 2022

Plural Policing in Comparative Perspective: Four Models of Regulation

In this article the main findings and conclusions are presented of an international comparative study on the pluralization of policing in five countries (England and Wales, Canada, Belgium, Austria, and the Netherlands). We focus on the question: what are the main differences and similarities in plural policing between these countries, and how can these be understood? In answering this question much attention is given to the position of non-police providers of policing (employed by municipalities or security companies) in relation to the regular police. To understand the peculiarities of this pluralization we paid attention to legal, historical, cultural and political aspects, to the organization of the regular police and the position of private security. This study shows that the pluralization of policing has not been the result of some goal-intended governmental policy, but more an incremental process or the effect of an accumulation of unintended consequences. In the last section we present four models of regulation of plural policing that may be relevant to imagining potential future policy developments.
Professional Anomalies
Authors: Çankaya Sinan
Published: August 2022

Professional Anomalies: Diversity Policies Policing Ethnic Minority Police Officers

This paper discusses how diversity policies within organizations contribute to paradoxical outcomes in face-to-face interactions. The findings are the result of a long-term ethnographic study on the processes of in- and exclusion of ethnic minority police officers in the Netherlands between 2007- 2011. Since the 1980s the Dutch police struggle both in terms of recruitment and retention of ethnic minorities. Various policy measures have been taken since then. The main argument is that diversity policies construct and perpetuate ethnic differences. This discourse impacts processes of in- and exclusion in everyday interactions, increases ‘groupness’ and leads to dilemmas in ways of feeling and acting among ethnic minority police officers. In specific situations, the norm images of a ‘good’ police officer, such as integrity, solidarity and neutrality, diametrically clash with the ideal images within diversity policies. Paradoxically, diversity policies within the Dutch police context sustain everyday inequalities for ethnic minorities, while striving for equality.
The Italian Police Forces into Neoliberal Frame
Authors: Palidda Salvatore
Published: August 2022

The Italian Police Forces into Neoliberal Frame: An Example of Perpetual Coexistence of Democratic and Authoritarian Practices and of Anamorphosis of Democratic Rules of Law

This text proposes a description and analysis of the Italian police forces. The approach adopted specifically regards their social and political construction and therefore their practices within the political organization of society. In order to better analyse the social construction of the Italian police case, I propose regarding the police as one of the several social institutions involved in the continuous experimentation to find a political organization of society. Research into the Italian police forces has been, and is still, very rare. In this paper I refer to research that I have carried out on the Italian police forces since 1990, and also to other documents and knowledge gathered in judicial inquiries and from reliable special reports.
Justifications and State Actions
Authors: Ugelvik Synnøve
Published: August 2022

Justifications and State Actions: EU Police Cooperation, Schengen Borders and Norwegian Sovereignty

Building on an assessment of Norwegian policy documents from 1994 to 2012, this article provides a critical analysis of the process leading up to the Norwegian agreements with EU, primarily those concerning police cooperation. The purpose is to discuss the Norwegian Government’s justifications for entering into the agreements throughout this period. The Norwegian Government firstly argued that the pertinent agreements were imperative to maintain the free travel-arrangements already existing between the Nordic countries. This justification was shortly after moderated, and had a few years later disappeared completely. It was replaced by a former secondary argument; the pressing need for enhanced police cooperation. This article presents some of the changes the EU agreements involved for the Norwegian police. It shows a discrepancy between the policiary needs and purposes as these were presented fluctuating throughout a relatively short period of time. Further, it reveals the lack of debate concerning what may be seen as fundamental changes in the way a sovereign nation state interacts with other states and their citizens. The article discusses what it may imply when justifications turn out to be flawed due to weak foundational premises, or because of later developments, but are still repeated or circumvented, or even used tautologically, to promote a certain outcome. It finds that this may be but one example of a general tendency where governmental justifications slide as a reaction to a dynamic supranational development. This is problematic in a democratic state because citizens are left unable to consider the development in the area of policing and border control, an area where justification of the state actions is perhaps of most importance.
Transnational Policing and Regulation
Authors: Hufnagel Saskia
Published: August 2022

Transnational Policing and Regulation: The Effect of Shared Fundamental Rights on the Formalisation of Cross-Border Police Cooperation

The regulation of police cooperation across national and international jurisdictional boundaries differs significantly around the world. It ranges from formal, legally binding international treaties and agreements, to informal custom applied between agencies. This article aims to explore the relevance of shared fundamental rights, and in particular fair trial rights, for the formalisation of police cooperation strategies. More broadly, it aims to address whether there is a relationship between similarities in human rights frameworks and the formalisation of transnational police regulation from a comparative legal perspective. The article addresses five distinctly different systems within which cooperation can eventuate. First, it assesses international police cooperation strategies with a view to formal regulation to show how a high (or even the highest possible) level of diversity regarding human rights regimes impacts on cross-border policing regulation. Second, the interaction between the Nordic countries, as a region with a long cross-border law enforcement history within Europe is analysed as a region comprising distinct sovereign states, but very similar human rights requirements. Third, the article addresses Greater China, which is composed of Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macao and Mainland China. The four states, while not being sovereign nation states, have distinctly different histories, legal systems and police organisations, which presents challenges for cross-border law enforcement. Australia, the fourth system investigated, is a federal state and its states and territories are independent criminal law jurisdictions with separate police forces, making cooperation across their borders necessary. However, the cooperating states and territories abide by very similar procedural rules and human rights requirements. Australia has been chosen as an example for the impact of greatest similarity (but no uniformity) on police cooperation regulation. Lastly, the European Union (EU) is assessed as a region that has formed its own human rights framework, as well as a significant number of treaties and agreements regulating police and justice cooperation.
The Policing Assemblage and the ‘Vulnerable’ Border
Authors: Loftus Bethan
Published: August 2022

The Policing Assemblage and the ‘Vulnerable’ Border

This article examines the development of networked modes of policing along what has been described as a particularly vulnerable part of the UK border – namely, the Welsh coastline. Through the introduction of a novel policing initiative, ‘Coastal Surveillance Wales’, the enforcement apparatus aims to bring together numerous state agencies, an array of service providers and responsibilised members of civil society. While finding resonance with claims that the hierarchical, state-dominated provision of policing has been uprooted by a move toward a more polycentric, networked mode of governance (Shearing & Wood, 2003; Brodeur, 2010), it is suggested that the emerging security network along the Welsh coastline serves to enhance the policing and surveillance functions of the state. By co-ordinating otherwise disparate institutions, the policing initiative aspires to incorporate a range of agents and agencies in the crime control complex. In sketching a map of this policing arrangement, the article raises the question of how localised security arrangements can be imagined.
Knowledge Sharing Practices and Issues in Policing Contexts
Authors: Griffiths Kerry , Birdi Kamal
Published: August 2022

Knowledge Sharing Practices and Issues in Policing Contexts: A Systematic Review of the Literature

The effective sharing of knowledge both within and between police organizations is arguably becoming increasingly vital for success and has driven research in a disparate range of fields. This paper therefore presents the results of an integrative systematic literature review of research into knowledge sharing within and between police organizations across Europe. The 39 papers analysed were drawn from English-language studies published between 2000 and 2013, complemented by additional searches for non-English language papers in nine European countries. Analyses showed that past research has focused on intra-organizational knowledge sharing, with a particular spotlight on criminal intelligence and technology. Barriers / enablers of knowledge sharing were grouped into knowledge management strategy/legislation, technology, culture and loss of knowledge themes. Research recommendations include exploring the role of leadership and examination of police knowledge sharing across regional, institutional and international boundaries. Practical recommendations include having procedural clarity in systems, policies for sharing knowledge and developing the relevant knowledge, skills and motivation of police personnel through appropriate training.
The European Investigation Order, a new era in cross border law enforcement?
Authors: O’Neill Maria
Published: August 2022

The European Investigation Order, a new era in cross border law enforcement?

The European Investigation Order (EIO) aims to solve the issue of the cross border collection of evidence. However it also creates more problems, in particular for the need of the executing authority to comply, not only with its own laws and procedures, but also those of the requesting member state, where the evidence needs to continue to be admissible in court. The EIO also covers a broader range of crimes than would traditionally be involved with the EU’s provisions on cross border law enforcement and prosecution. Law enforcement, investigating magistrates, prosecution and forensic scientists will all have to engage with their counterparts, and others from other EU jurisdictions. They will have to negotiate the gaps in the EU legislation. Onuf style constructivism is the key to understanding the processes that these professionals will have to engage in in order to make the EIO work in practice.