bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Numerical Methods for SWW Equations
Authors: Hajrulla Shkelqim , Bezati Leonard , Hamzallari Besiana
Published: October 2019

Abstract: In this paper we consider three methods of approximation for the nonlinear water wave equation. In particular we are interested of KdV equation as a stationary water wave. The first is the method of approximation with a polynomial, the second method is the finite–volume method and the third method is Laplace decomposition method (LDM). A comparison between the methods is mentioned in this article.

We treat the considered methods comparing the obtained solutions with the exact ones. We give in particular the numerical results compared with the analytical results. We show that the used methods are effective and convenient for solving the water wave equations. We can propose and sure that the method of approximation with a polynomial gives accurate results.
THE SUBSTANTIATION OF THE VOLUME OF INVESTIGATIONS OF PHYSICAL FACTORS AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITE IN TERMS OF HYGIENIC REGULATION
Authors: Kuznetsova Elena B. , Bulavina I. D.
Published: October 2019

The necessity of carrying out field observation of physical factor parameters (noise, infrasound, vibration) in the process of engineering-and-environmental exploration on the areas allotted for capital construction is regulated by current sanitary-hygienic documents and standards related to the construction. Capital construction objects cover industrial and nonproduction buildings and facilities, as well as linear objects: highways, railways, underground lines, pipelines. Requirements for a scope and a list of measured indices of the effect of physical factors with taking into account the purpose of projected buildings and facilities are not established in the available documents. While realizing expert activities by the inspection body at the North-West Public Health Research Center, studies of parameters of physical factor in certain fields were executed on construction allotted areas to be redundant and often useless (that is, inapplicable for further use). As regards the problem under consideration, requirements according to current sanitary-hygienic and construction regulations were analyzed. A short record of sheet review of explorations made by North-West Public Health Research Center and those undergone expert examination by the inspection body at the North-West Public Health Research Center within the period of 2014-2016 is given. A list and a scope of indices of physical factors (noise, infrasound, vibration) which should be measured in field conditions during environmental investigations of the areas allotted for construction with taking into account function and specific character of the projected object. The reported study resulted in grounding the necessity to develop “Guidelines on assessment and measurement of physical fields on the areas of engineering-and-environmental surveys” which can enhance the effectiveness of accomplished studies, to optimize the scope and to eliminate excessive requirements in designing and expert examination, and in the long run will help in saving funds invested into construction, including state budget ones.
ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENIC RISK TO POPULATION HEALTH DUE TO HIGH ARSENIC CONTENT IN DRINKING ARTESIAN WATER OF THE NORTH DAGESTAN
Authors: Abdulmutalimova Tamila O. , Revich B. A.
Published: October 2019

The northern part of the Republic of Daghestan is characterized by high levels of arsenic in artesian drinking water due to peculiarities of the chemical composition of the water-bearing plateaus. The concentrations of arsenic in water samples ranged from 0.01mg/l to 0.5 mg/l. According to current guidelines for arsenic of 0.01mg/l, the excess in the level of arsenic in water was detected to 20-fold or more in 12 villages with the total population of 15 827 people. To evaluate the cancer health risks from exposure to arsenic we used еру risk assessment method. Lifetime individual cancer risks were shown to be at the minimum concentration (0.01mg/l) - 4.3E-4; at maximum concentration (0.5 mg / l) -2.1E-2, respectively, with a mean of 0.14 mg/l - 6.0E-3. The cancer health risks results were found to be higher than permissible value of 1∙10-6. For the exposed population (309,700 people) annual population cancer health risks ranged from 1 to 94.8 additional cases of possible occurrence of cancer. The results of this study revealed areas with high levels of arsenic in drinking water and determined the exposed portion of population to recognize the implementation of measures for the mitigation of risks.
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF THE FEDERAL STATE BUDGET INSTITUTION "STATE SCIENTIFIC CENTER OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION - A.I. BURNAZYAN FEDERAL MEDICAL BIOPHYSICAL CENTER IN 2016
Authors: Samoylov A. S. , Sorokina O. V. , Shandala Natalya K.
Published: October 2019

The main achievements of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation - A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center in some key scientific areas are submitted data based on the presentation at the extended meeting of the Board of the Federal Medical Biological Agency “Results of the activity of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation - A. I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia in 2016 and prospects for 2017-2018”. The principal attention is focused on hygienic and and radiobiological areas of research.
PECULIARITIES OF RADIATION NORMALIZATION IN THE USSR (RUSSIA) AND THE USA CONCERNING TO LONG-TERM PILOTABLE SPACE FLIGHTS
Authors: Grigoryev Yury G. , Ushakov I. B. , Shafirkin A. V.
Published: October 2019

Retrospectively, from the 60s of the last century to the present time, coordinated approaches have been considered in our country and in the United States in addressing the issues of ensuring radiation safety and radiation rating of short-term space flights and establishing the maximum radiation exposure levels for cosmonauts and astronauts. At the same time, for long space flights some basic differences in the choice of radiation hazard criteria for a complex (in contrast to terrestrial) character of the radiation impact of cosmic radiation are shown. Differences in models of the formation of the radiation hazard to the organism are also noted taking into account the recovery and compensatory processes. A thorough experimental and model substantiation of not only the risk of immediate effects, but also the main and unfavorable long-term effects of cosmic radiation on cosmonauts, have been carried out. To solve problems of rationing in Russia and establish the dose limits for cosmonauts, the results of unique experiments are presented and quantitative approaches to the determination of the state of the leading regulatory systems, body reserves, the total radiation risk throughout the life of cosmonauts, as well as the possible reduction of the average life expectancy.
La ley aplicable a las donaciones internacionales = Aplicable law to international donations
Authors: Goñi Urriza Natividad
Published: October 2019

Resumen: Este trabajo analiza la determinación de la ley aplicable a las donaciones en Derecho Internacional Privado. La coexistencia de las normas de conflicto contenidas en el Reglamento Roma I y el Reglamento de sucesiones aplicables a distintos aspectos de los actos de liberalidad hace necesario distinguir entre sus respectivos ámbitos de aplicación. A ello hay que añadir la ineludible aplicación de las normas de Derecho Internacional Privado nacional para la determinación de la ley aplicable a los aspectos relativos a los derechos reales.Palabras clave: donaciones, norma de conflicto, sucesiones, contratos.Abstract: The article deals with the determination of the applicable law to donations in Spanish Private International Law. The coexistence of conflict of law rules included in Rome I and successions European Regulations makes necessary to distinguish between different types of donations. Additionally, the article addresses the unavoidable application of the rules of national private international law for the determination of the law applicable to some aspects of the rights in rem.Keywords: donations, conflict of law, successions, contracts.
Mercado único digital: medidas contra el bloqueo geográfico injustificado, contratos de consumo concluidos por vía electrónica y normas de Derecho internacional privado= Eu digital single market: measures against unjustified geo-blocking, electronic consumer contracts and the conflict of laws
Authors: Lafuente Sánchez Raúl
Published: October 2019

Resumen: El Reglamento sobre bloqueo geográfico injustificado tiene como finalidad eliminar la discriminación directa e indirecta basada en la nacionalidad, el lugar de residencia o el lugar de esta­blecimiento de los clientes. Para alcanzar este objetivo, prohíbe a los comerciantes el uso de medidas tecnológicas o de otro tipo con el fin de bloquear o limitar el acceso de los clientes a sus interfaces en línea. Por otra parte, dispone que del cumplimiento del Reglamento no se derivará que el comerciante dirige sus actividades al domicilio o residencia habitual del consumidor en el sentido de lo dispuesto en los Reglamentos Bruselas I bis y Roma I. De esta declaración puede derivarse una posible interferencia con los criterios ya definidos en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia a la hora de delimitar cuando un comerciante ha dirigido sus actividades al Estado miembro del domicilio o residencia habitual del consumidor. En el presente trabajo estudio y analizo esta cuestión, así como sus posibles consecuencias en los contratos de consumo celebrados por vía electrónica.Palabras clave: mercado único digital, bloqueo geográfico injustificado, reglamento (UE) 2018/302, derecho internacional privado, contratos de consumo electrónicos, concepto de “actividades dirigidas”. Abstract: The unjustified geo-blocking Regulation aims to eliminate direct and indirect discrimi­nation based on customers’ nationality, place of residence or place of establishment. In order to achie­ve this goal, prohibits to traders the use of technological measures or otherwise, to block or limit a customer’s access to their online interfaces for reasons related to the customer’s nationality, place of residence or place of establishment. Moreover, the Regulation provides that compliance with its rules shall not be construed as implying that a trader directs activities to the Member State of the consumer’s habitual residence or domicile within the meaning of Brussels I Regulation and Rome I Regulation. This statement raises a possible interference with the criteria identified in the European Court of Justice case law, in order to delimit when a trader has directed his activities to the Member State of the consumer’s habitual residence or domicile. In this paper I analyze the aforementioned issue and its consequences for the electronic consumer contracts.Keywords: EU digital single market, unjustified geo-blocking, regulation (EU) 2018/302, conflict of laws, electronic consumer contracts, concept of “directing activities”.
El diálogo sordo entre el TJUE y el Derecho de extranjería: del Reino Unido al caso español = The deaf dialogue between CJEU and Immigration Law: from the United Kingdom to the Spanish case
Authors: Marín Consarnau Diana
Published: October 2019

Resumen: El objeto del presente trabajo es examinar el difícil encaje de la jurisprudencia del TJUE sobre el alcance de protección de los arts. 20 y 21 TFUE con el Derecho de extranjería interno en referencia a los derechos de residencia de los familiares de los ciudadanos de la Unión, especialmente en aquellas regulaciones que promueven la discriminación inversa con carácter directo, como ocurre en el Reino Unido e incluso indirecto, como resulta en el caso español.Palabras clave: ciudadanía de la Unión, derechos de residencia, miembros de la familia, discrimi­nación inversa directa e indirecta.Abstract: The aim of this report is to study the difficulties in practice to link the CJEU criteria related to the art. 20 and 21 TFEU with the national Immigration Law in the field of derived rights of residence for the family members of the Union citizens, specially in those regulations that promote the reverse discrimination with direct effects, as in the United Kingdom, and even indirectly, as it results in the Spanish case.Keywords: EU citizenship, residence rights, family members, direct and indirect reverse discri­mination.
Aplicabilidad de un acuerdo de elección de foro a una reclamación de indemnización de daños por vulneración del Artículo 102 TFUE: el caso Apple Sales International (C-595/17) = Applicability of a jurisdiction agreement to a claim of damages by infringement of Article 102 TFEU: the Apple Sales International case (C-595/17)
Authors: Calvo Caravaca Alfonso-Luis , Suderow Julia
Published: October 2019

Resumen: La aplicación privada del derecho de la Competencia no se limita tan sólo a acciones de daños por infracciones del art. 101 TFUE, sino que también abarca las acciones follow on y stand alone contra los abusos de posición de dominio sancionados por el art. 102 TFUE. Se trata de acciones que tienen su origen en conductas unilaterales en las que las cláusulas de atribución de competencia juegan un papel esencial. El TJUE resuelve con la sentencia Ap-ple Sales ciertas dudas sobre el alcance de estas cláusulas si bien su respuesta genera nuevas cuestiones que podrán plantearse en futuros litigios. La voluntad de las partes y la proporcio-nalidad tendrán que seguir siendo los elementos sobre los que pivote la exclusividad del foro de sumisión expresa.Palabras clave: acciones para la indemnización de daños anticompetitivos, acciones autónomas, acciones de seguimiento, acuerdos de elección de foro, arbitraje, competencia judicial internacional, Daños, Derecho antitrust, Derecho europeo de la competencia, Unión Europea.Abstract: Private enforcement of Competition Law is not limited to cartel damage claims based on infringements of art. 101 TFUE. Follow on and Stand alone actions against the abuse of dominance sanctioned by art. 102 TFUE are also included. They are actions derived from unilateral conducts where jurisdiction agreements play an important role. In the ruling Apple Sales, the ECJ solves certain doubts about the scope of this type of clauses but its answer generates new questions that will be dealt in future disputes. The will of the parties as well as the proportionality will still be the basis of the exclusivity of the forum.Keywords: antitrust damages actions, stand-alone actions, follow-on actions, jurisdiction agreements, arbitration, jurisdiction, damages (Torts), Antitrust Law, European Competition Law, European Union.
La filiación internacional a examen por el Tribunal Supremo. A propósito de las sentencias TS 223 y 224 de 17 de abril de 2018 = International declaration of parentage before the Supreme Court. Supreme Court case Law Nº 223 and 224, 17th April 2018
Authors: Guzmán Zapater Mónica
Published: October 2019

Resumen: Dos Sentencias del TS de 2018 abordan el problema de la sucesión de normas de competencia judicial y norma de conflicto en procesos de filiación. En atención a los valores que presiden la materia se decantan soluciones ad hoc sin proclamarla aplicación retroactiva de las nuevas normas en la materia.Palabras clave: filiación, competencia judicial internacional, ley aplicable, elemento temporal de las normas de conflicto, valores y objetivos en presencia, otras cuestiones.Abstract: In two cases Spanish Supreme Court goes through the question of temporary application of new rules on jurisdiction and applicable law in ascertainment filiation actions. Taking into account interest and values on filiation actions finally establishes ad hoc solutions in each case avoiding a formal declaration on it´s retroactive consequences.Keywords: filiation, international jurisdiction, applicable law, time element in conflict of law rules, values and objectives, other questions.
Frankenstein’s lectures
Authors: Paré Zaven
Published: October 2019

Frankenstein’s creature is twice-made; firstly, Frankenstein is an organic being without any real biological parentage, and literary being through his own reading, which makes him aware of his intellectual and emotional affinities with humans. The trap closes around Frankenstein’s creature, imprisoning him in the values he assimilates through reading, which inform him of the full scope of his monstrous identity. Nonetheless, it is important to underline that Mary Shelley never made the creature’s readings insignificant, insubstantial or incomprehensible. On the contrary, they could be said to be ideologically, mythologically and symbolically edifying. Frankenstein is thus first and foremost the story of a monster who reads, and since it takes him a while to acquire language, learn to read and express himself orally, he only gradually begins to understand human nature. Mirroring his patchwork of a body, put together piecemeal, the monster begins to understand the world, an awareness that leaves him prey to the gravest doubts.
A reversibilidade da imagem e a definição da poesia
Authors: Kempinska Olga
Published: October 2019

Ao discutir a origem, a acepção e a tradução da noção central da pesquisa formalista de Iuri Tynianov, a saber, a dos indícios oscilantes, o trabalho procura relacionar a definição da poesia com a imagem da reversibilidade. Trazendo importantes ecos do romantismo alemão e procurando elaborar os paradoxos do presente, a teoria de Tynianov demonstrou uma grande preocupação com o vocabulário utilizado para a descrição da forma dinâmica e de sua inscrição dinâmica dentro dos âmbitos do saber. Entusiasta do experimento e do potencial criativo do paradoxo, o autor hesitou entre as imagens orgânicas herdadas do vocabulário romântico e as imagens espaciais inspiradas tanto pela literatura produzida no início do século XX quanto pela pintura pós-cézanneana. Voltado para o aprimoramento do discurso da teoria da literatura, seu esforço teórico encontrou desenvolvimentos relevantes no trabalho de Julia Kristeva (entre outros), que insistiu na subversão da visão do espaço em termos de um recipiente neutro, ou de um meio de separação, procurando debruçar-se sobre a relação entre o texto e o espaço, investidos pelos angustiantes desdobramentos causados pela experiência da perda.
De la casa al museo portátil
Authors: Cámara Mario
Published: October 2019

El siguiente texto se propone como una reflexión en torno a la creciente proliferación de museos dedicados a escritores. Se analizan las políticas de exhibición en dichos museos, la construcción de la figura del autor, el aura en relación a los objetos exhibidos. Como contrapartida, se toma en cuenta un texto de César Aira que narra la visita a la casa museo de José Lezama Lima como un modelo posible de museo alternativo.
Inovação organizacional como alternativa para a eficiência na prestação de serviços jurisdicionais
Authors: Baptista Isabelle De , Rodrigues Leonel Cezar , Costa Priscila Rezende da
Published: October 2019

Muitas pesquisas têm sido conduzidas sobre a definição e evolução do tema inovação organizacional, como também sobre o impacto deste tipo de inovação no desempenho organizacional. Considerando as deficiências na prestação de serviços pelo Poder Judiciário brasileiro, como o grande número de processos a cargo de uma estrutura administrativa insuficiente, observa-se as possíveis vantagens da adoção e implementação da inovação organizacional na prestação de serviços jurisdicionais. Por isso, além de explanar sobre a inovação organizacional, exploramos o tema da inovação na gestão pública brasileira, e em específico, na gestão do Poder Judiciário. Desta forma, pretende-se, analisar a possibilidade da inovação organizacional contribuir para melhoria dos serviços prestados pelo Poder Judiciário.
Análise Comparativa de Estratégias de Investimentos em Ações de Companhias Brasileiras
Authors: Siqueira Leonardo Souza , De Camargos Marcos Antônio
Published: October 2019

A estratégia baseada no índice Shiryaev-Zhou (S-Z), ao fornecer o momento ótimo para compra e venda de ações, possibilita a maximização do resultado do investidor, sendo, portanto, um contraponto à estratégia buy-and-hold (B-H). Este artigo é o primeiro na literatura nacional que tem por objetivo comparar a estratégia B-H com as sinalizações do índice S-Z com ações listadas na B3 (Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão). A amostra analisada foi composta pelas 29 ações que permaneceram no Ibovespa entre outubro de 2008 e fevereiro de 2015. As estratégias foram analisadas com e sem a incidência de custos de transação e também por ano. Os resultados indicam de maneira geral que a estratégia B-H se mostrou mais rentável para as ações no período analisado. Há, no entanto, indícios de que o índice S-Z pode ser útil para investidores em períodos de recessão e ao se investir em ações com perspectiva de queda em suas cotações.
Incidencia de microcefalia neonatal en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia de Lima, 2016 – 2017.
Authors: Samaniego Lozano Cynthia , Munayco Cortez Carol , Guillén-Pinto Daniel
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de microcefalia neonatal en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia durante un periodo definido. Material y Métodos: Se consideró como microcefalia un perímetro cefálico menor que el tercer percentil para la edad y el sexo. Se usaron los registros del Sistema Informático Perinatal del Hospital durante el periodo 1º de enero, 2016 a 31 de diciembre, 2017. Los límites de normalidad fueron establecidos mediante el uso de parámetros de la Tabla de Fenton. Resultados: De un total de 416 casos de microcefalia neonatal, se registró una tasa general de 53,4 por mil nacidos vivos; en prematuros (<37 semanas), la tasa fue de 185 por mil nacidos vivos, con niveles mayores en varones. Conclusiones: Se encontró una alta tasa de incidencia de microcefalia, mayor aún en prematuros, tasa probablemente vinculada a una causalidad múltiple, sin poder descartarse los sesgos observacionales.
¿Es aún válida la división entre antipsicóticos “clásicos” y “atípicos”?
Authors: Stucchi-Portocarrero Santiago
Published: October 2019

El desarrollo de los antipsicóticos “atípicos” o “de segunda generación” despertó grandes expectativas a partir de la década de 1990, al atribuírseles mayor eficacia y tolerabilidad que los antipsicóticos “típicos”, “clásicos” o “de primera generación”, merced al impacto de una enorme campaña publicitaria por parte de la industria farmacéutica. Sin embargo, diferentes estudios no han podido demostrar en forma fehaciente la pretendida superioridad de aquel grupo de medicamentos en términos de eficacia, prevención de recaídas o producción de efectos adversos. Por otro lado, la clasificación de antipsicóticos “clásicos” y “atípicos” tampoco se puede sustentar en base a estructura química, mecanismos de acción, costos o antigüedad, dada la heterogeneidad que exhiben ambos grupos. Por tales motivos, se plantea que la dicotomía existente debería descartarse.
Optimization on Fermentation Process of Protein Concentrate of Jatropha Seed Cake with N Sources and Minerals Supplementation
Authors: Widyastuti Titin , Hidayat Nur
Published: October 2019

The objective of this research is to produce alternative food sources of protein by optimizing the potential of jatropha curcas which is agroindustry waste. This study is planned in two years and is a series of jatropha seed exploration through fermentation using Lactobacillus acidophilus. Specific targets in the first year of study were to assess the optimization of the fermentation process by supplementing the source of N soybean meal and fish meal. Experiments using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) factorial pattern with first factor was supplementation (F) and second factor was incubation time (W), fermentation optimization consisted of: F1 (F0 + 2.5% soybean meal flour), F2 (F0 + 2.5% fish meal), F3 (F1 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphat) and F4 (F2 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphat). The incubation time is differentiated W1: 3 days, W2: 5 days and W3: 7 days. It can be concluded that: dry matter, gross energy, calcium and phospor are influenced by interaction between type of supplementation of source of N + DCP with fermentation time, whereas fat content is only influenced by fermentation time with optimal time decrease of fat content is 5,92 days. Total protein and amino acid levels are only influenced by different types of supplementation. Phorbolester antinutrition levels are influenced by the duration of the fermentation.  Based on antinutritive as a limiting factor. F4W5 is the best treatment and can used as a feed ingredient.
A Customized NGS-Based Resequencing Gene Panel to Identify Genetic Variants in Dementing Disorders: Preliminary Results
Authors: Lanza Giuseppe , Calì Francesco , Vinci Mirella , Cosentino Filomena Irene Ilaria , Tripodi Mariangela , Spada Rosario Sebastiano , Cantone Mariagiovanna , Bella Rita , Mattina Teresa , Ferri Raffaele
Published: October 2019

Background: Advancements in the next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have allowed for efficient genetic variant detection at reduced costs. Methods: We describe an ad hoc NGS-based custom designed resequencing gene panel to identify genetic variants in 8 patients with dementing disorders. Results: We found variants of TREM2 and APP genes in three patients; these have been previously identified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic and, therefore, considered as “Disease Causing”. In the remaining subjects, the pathogenicity was evaluated on the in silico analysis, according to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics. In one patient, the p.R205W variant was causative of the disease, thus considered as “Possibly Disease Causing”. The variants found from the other four subjects in the CSF1R, SERPINI1, GRN, and APP genes revealed discordant in silico results and, therefore, it was not possible to assign a definitive pathogenicity. Conclusions: Notwithstanding the limitations of a customized panel, we detected some rare genetic variants with a probable disease association. The future application of NGS techniques and the further replication of these experimental data will replace the so-called “gene by gene” approach with a “panel of genes” strategy, that offers promising perspectives in the diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative disorders.
The Issues of Black Racial Stereotype and Race Relationship Used in The Transcript of Chris Rock's Standup Comedy Entitled Never Scared
Authors: Rushadi Jehan Umar
Published: October 2019

This research aims to answer how the issues of Black racial stereotype and race relationship are being used in the Chris Rock’s standup comedy entitled Never Scared. The issues of Black racial stereotype and race relationship are analyzed through the portrayal of living in US as Black people in the eyes of Chris Rock, an influential American Black comedian. This research is a descriptive qualitative research which uses Arthur Asa Berger’s techniques of comedy theory as an approach. As a result, this research finds that living in US as Black people is likely to be exposed by racial violence involving White people. The result also signifies how Black people are considered as inferior race in US society which then leads to the mentioning of racial discrimination towards Black people.
Butyrate as a Potential Preventive Therapy for Obesity
Authors: Meena Kumari P. , Muthukumar S. P.
Published: October 2019

Due to its grave pathological role of obesity, comprehensive research is being continued to find out the causative factors involved in it. Recent advances in this field are increasingly recognized that there is a connection between diet, gut microbiota, intestinal barrier function and the low-grade inflammation that characterize the progression from obesity to metabolic disturbances, making dietary strategies to modulate the intestinal environment is important. In this context, the ability of some Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria to produce the shortchain fatty acid butyrate is impressive. A lower abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria has been associated with metabolic risk in humans. Recent studies suggest that butyrate might have been linked with metabolic risk in humans, and recommend that butyrate might have an anti-inflammatory mediator in metabolic diseases, and the potential of butyrate can alleviate obesity-related metabolic complications, possibly due to its ability to enhance the intestinal barrier function. Endogenous butyrate synthesis, delivery, and absorption by colonocytes have been well studied. Butyrate exerts its function by serving as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor or signaling through several G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). Latterly butyrate has gained selective attention for its favorable effects on intestinal homeostasis and energy metabolism. With anti-inflammatory properties, butyrate improves intestinal barrier function and mucosal immunity. Growing proof has highlighted the influence of butyrate on obesity. In this review the current knowledge on the features of butyrate, especially its potential effects and mechanisms involved in intestinal health and obesity. Here we review and discuss the potentials of butyrate as an anti-inflammatory mediator in obesity and the potential for dietary interventions increasing intestinal availability of butyrate.
Associated Factors of Stunting and Thinness among Rural Adolescent Girls in Telangana, South India
Authors: Babu Geddam J. J. , Boiroju Naveen Kumar , Mamidi Raja Sriswan , Mummadi Mahesh Kumar , Pagidoju Sreenu
Published: October 2019

Adolescent girls are the future mothers and their nutritional needs are critical for the wellbeing of a society and future generations. Stunting and thinness are widely prevalent malnutrition problems among adolescent girls and are known risk factor for obstetric complications and associated with the reduced work capacity. In this connection, an attempt is made in this study to explore the prevalence of stunting and thinness among rural adolescent girls in the newly formed Telangana state in India and their associations with socio-demographic factors. It is a cross sectional study carried out in two districts of Telangana state, India during 2012-2014. WHO guidelines were used to compute the prevalence of stunting and thinness and the data was analyzed on SPSS software. A binary logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors of stunting and thinness and the odds ratios were presented along with the 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence of stunting and thinness among adolescent girls in this study area was 33.4% and 20.4% respectively. Absolute height deficit of 6-13 cm was observed during the adolescence period. Age of the respondent, community, standard of living conditions and occupation of the household head were significantly associated with the stunting and age at menarche, literacy status of the girls was associated with the thinness. The prevalence of stunting and thinness was associated with age of the adolescent girls and standard of living, timely introduction of age-specific nutritional education and practices needed for these adolescent girls.
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Foods and Beverages
Authors: Nalini B.
Published: October 2019

No Abstract.
Neuropathic Arthropathy of the Shoulder
Authors: Rickert Mariel M. , Cannon Jennifer G. , Kirkpatrick John S.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder is a chronic progressive process characterized by joint destruction in the presence of a neurosensory deficit. Causes include syringomyelia, syphilis, diabetes, chronic alcoholism, and leprosy, with syringomyelia accounting for the vast majority of upper-extremity Charcot joints. Early presentation of this rare condition includes nonspecific symptoms such as swelling, erythema, sensory symptoms, and decreased functionality, making diagnosis challenging.

Methods:

We systematically reviewed 32 case reports published between 1924 and 2016. A total of 59 shoulders from 56 patients are included in this analysis. Variables include patient demographic characteristics, presentation, etiology, diagnostic techniques, treatment, outcome, and follow-up of Charcot shoulder.

Results:

We compiled a total of 25 right shoulders (42%), 24 left shoulders (41%), and 10 shoulders (17%) with unspecified laterality. The mean patient age (and standard deviation) was 49 ± 11 years, and the median age was 47 years. There was a higher prevalence in men (37 shoulders [63%]) compared with women (22 shoulders [37%]). Presenting symptoms included reduced range of motion (53 shoulders [90%]), paresthesia or hypoesthesia (45 [76%]), swelling (44 [75%]), weakness (40 [68%]), pain (31 [53%]), and reduction in deep tendon reflexes (22 [37%]). Shoulder radiographs were made in all cases. The presence of a syrinx was detected in 45 shoulders (76%) with magnetic resonance imaging, myelography, or clinical diagnosis. Sixteen shoulders (27%) reported exposure to trauma, with a 69% decrease in time from presentation to diagnosis compared with non-traumatic cases. Treatment was categorized as solely nonoperative management (14 [24%]), operative management (13 [22%]), combined therapy (20 [34%]), and no treatment listed (10 [17%]). Two surgical cases (3%) were excluded from our treatment group analysis as they were treated for unrelated or misdiagnosed conditions.

Conclusions:

Our study increases awareness and understanding of this complex, progressive disease to reduce delay and misdiagnosis and to contribute to the standard-of-care recommendations.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Shoulder Instability in Women Compared with Men
Authors: DeFroda Steven F. , Donnelly Joseph C. , Mulcahey Mary K. , Perez Lizbeth , Owens Brett D.
Published: October 2019

» Although shoulder instability is well described, there is a paucity of literature examining the differences between women and men with regard to epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of shoulder instability.

» Variability in muscle mass, ligamentous laxity, and overall biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint may cause men and women to experience shoulder instability in different ways.

» Additionally, differences in circulating hormones such as relaxin may contribute to increased joint laxity in women compared with men; these differences affect the pathophysiology of instability.

» The presence of increased physiologic laxity, due to these hormone levels, in female patients makes the treatment considerations more complex in that many classification systems do not take sex into consideration (i.e., the Instability Severity Index Score).
Channel Fracturing Extension to Low-Temperature Formations. Field Case Studies in Russia.
Authors: Yudin Alexey , Glaznev Ivan , Lyapunov Konstantin , Loznyuk Oleg , Korolev Alexandr , Khamidov Timur , Prokhorov Alexey , Rylance Martin
Published: October 2019

Channel fracturing technology has been a key enabler to unlocking hydrocarbon production from low-permeability formations in Russia for 10 years, by minimizing treatment costs and improving operational efficiency. However, an intrinsic limitation existed for candidate selection because the technique requires post-job dissolution of the fiber that is a principal component of the success of achieving efficient channel fracturing behavior. This set a lower temperature limitation of 60°C, such that formations with temperatures below this value were not recognized as potential candidates. This project was aimed at eliminating the temperature limitation and thereby enhancing the potential candidate pool for application.

The channel fracturing technique creates infinite-conductivity channels within a fracture, using a proppant-pulsing technique delivered by the surface equipment. Proppant structures are consolidated and transported along the fracture by means of fibrous material, which then degrades in the channels and proppant pillars within days after the treatment, conventionally because of the high formation temperature. Expanding hydraulic fracturing into new low-temperature oil provinces such as Eastern Siberia and the Turonian formation in the Yamal region called for adjustment in the channel fracturing technique. Specifically, surface equipment was used in a modified mode to alter the pumping schedule of the fiber additive to add fiber in pulses that are synchronized with proppant pulses.

The new channel fracturing methodology was designed and tested under laboratory conditions initially and then subsequently applied in several low-temperature (20 to 30°C) oil and gas fields/wells in Russia. The first campaign yielded positive results. New software and equipment adjustments allowed for precise and accurate synchronization that resulted in fiber-free channels. The first productivity results also illustrated the potential of the technology to match or exceed the planned hydrocarbon production. The main advantages of the channel fracturing technique remained unchanged—improved barrels/dollar ratio by up to 10% compared with conventional methods and fracturing cycle operational efficiency reduction of up to 25% as compared with standard techniques. Thus, the temperature limitation was removed, leaving one major criterion for channel fracturing applicability: rock competency to hold channels open and stable throughout the life of the fracture.

The study breaks new ground in the stimulation of low-temperature formations by extending the channel fracturing technique, well-recognized in the traditional basins of Russia. The project includes laboratory testing and real field examples from two regions of Russia—the first campaigns.
Estimation of Fluid Phase Composition Variation Along the Wellbore by Analyzing Passive Acoustic Logging Data
Authors: Mutovkin Nikita , Mikhailov Dmitry , Sofronov Ivan
Published: October 2019

We present an approach of passive acoustic logging data interpretation to estimate wellbore fluid holdup variation along the wellbore due to the fluid inflow. The algorithm uses machine learning methods for the analysis of acoustic fields generated, in particular, by flow noise in the reservoir near wellbore zone. The method is designed using acoustic fields generated by numerical simulations. The study of simulation results shows the significant influence of wellbore resonances on acoustic field spectrograms and on intensity distributions along the wellbore.

The interpretation results demonstrate that the suggested machine learning model predicts water holdup in a zone after the water inflow with high accuracy. The predictions of water holdup before the water inflow interval are less accurate because resonance characteristics are less sensitive to them. We also studied the influence of passive acoustic logging data distortion by contaminating noise on the model learning and on prediction accuracy for the developed interpretation algorithm. As expected, the estimation of water holdup before the water inflow interval is more sensitive to signal interference.

The novelty of the suggested approach to passive acoustic logging data interpretation is in using resonance structures of the acoustic noise spatial frequency characteristics to locate the inflow interval and to estimate the oil and water volume fractions. The resonances contain a clear fingerprint of the fluid holdup variation in wellbore fluid, as shown by our study, and the corresponding information can be interpreted by the machine learning algorithms.
Complex Approach to the Design of Acid Treatment of Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Trushin Yuri , Aleshchenko Anton , Danilin Kirill , Folomeev Alexey , Haydar Azat , Gorin Alexander , Sharifullin Andrey
Published: October 2019

Kharyaginskoye field belongs to Pechora-Kolvinsky oil and gas bearing area of Timan-Pechora oil and gasbearing province. LLC Zarubezhneft-production Kharyaga exploits the following productive strata of the carbonate part of Kharyaginskoe field: Artinsky layer (P1ar) and Asselsky and Sakmar horizons (P1a + s) and the D3-III productive object associated with the upper Devonian, represented by sediments Zadonskogo-Yelets horizons. However, the main object in operation is the D3-III formation.

The paper considers the complex process of designing acid treatment (AT), which includes physical and chemical studies of acid compositions (AC), formation fluids and object rocks, physical modeling of acid effects on the studied core samples, calculating the optimal AT design based on mathematical modeling.

The formed approach allows you to determine to optimize the key parameters of the design of wells: the optimal concentration of the main hydrochloric acid in AC, volume, speed, number of stages of injection of AC and flow diverter, as well as calculate the predicted values of the parameters of the well operation after AT.
Manuscript: Intern preparedness for the CanMEDS roles and the Dunning-Kruger effect: a survey
Authors: Prozesky Detlef Richard , Molwantwa Mmoloki Cornelius , Kebaetse Masego Baitseng , Nkomazana Oathokwa
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the first cohort of graduates from a new undergraduate medical programme in Botswana were adequately prepared for internship.
Methods
The authors surveyed 27 interns and 13 intern supervisors on site, who rated intern preparedness for 44 tasks using a previously validated instrument. Tasks were grouped according to the seven roles of the physician in the CanMEDS framework and Cronbach α values confirmed internal consistency. To determine the direction of differences between intern and supervisor ratings for tasks Likert scale ratings were treated as interval data and mean scores calculated. Rating frequencies for each role were compared using the χ 2 statistic. Reasons for differences between intern and supervisor ratings were explored by determining correlations between scores using the Spearman ρ statistic, and analysing qualitative data generated by the questionnaire.
Results
Preparedness for all seven roles and the majority of tasks was found to be between ‘Fairly well prepared’ and ‘Well prepared’. The ratings for four roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator, Professional) differed statistically, but not for the three others (Leader, Health advocate, Scholar). Interns rated their proficiency higher than their supervisors for the tasks in six roles; for the ‘Professional’ role intern ratings were mostly lower. Correlations between intern and supervisors scores were only significant for three roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator). Qualitative data provided further insights into the reasons for these associations.
Conclusions
Intern preparedness for tasks and roles varied but was generally satisfactory. Based on the analysis of the data seeming discrepancies in between interns and supervisor ratings were investigated and explanations are offered. For three roles the data indicate that their component tasks are understood in the same way by interns and supervisors, but not for the other roles. The Dunning-Kruger effect offers a plausible explanation for higher intern scores for tasks in six of the roles. For the ‘Professional’ role differences between interns’ internal, individual understanding and supervisors’ external, group understanding may explain lower intern scores. The fact that respondents may understand the tasks they rate differently has implications for all research of this nature.
Characterization of human norovirus binding to gut-associated bacterial ligands
Authors: Almand Erin , Moore Matthew D. , Jaykus Lee-Ann
Published: October 2019

Objective: Research suggests human norovirus binding to Histo-Blood Group Antigen (HBGA)-like molecules on enteric bacteria may enhance viral pathogenesis; however, the properties of these bacterial ligands are not well known. Previous work identified, but did not characterize, seven norovirus-binding bacteria. To further examine this bacteria-virus binding interaction, enteric bacteria were analyzed via Western blot with anti-HBGA antibodies and lectins targeting HBGA-associated sugar components. Virus overlay assays using capsids from six different human norovirus strains further identified responsible ligands and strain dependent binding properties.
Results: Each bacterial species possessed varying degrees of HBGA-like activity, and lectin binding further elucidated potential sugar residues involved (N-acetyl-galactosamine, α-D-galactose or α-L-fucose). Both GI and GII norovirus capsids bound specific bacterial ligand sizes, and generally corresponded to anti-HBGA Western blot patterns. A 35-kDa band reacted with all HBGA antibodies, bound all six of the noroviruses tested, and had a high affinity for the lectins. Collectively, this work characterizes the varying carbohydrate residues potentially responsible for norovirus-bacteria interactions and provides a basis for future ligand identification.
The diversity between curatively resected pancreatic head and body-tail cancers based on the 8th edition of AJCC staging system: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Sheng Weiwei , Dong Ming , Wang Guosen , Shi Xiaoyang , Gao Wei , Wang Kewei , Song He , Shi Gang , Tan Xiaodong
Published: October 2019

Background: To our knowledge, there are no studies to systematically compare the detailed clinical significance between curatively resected pancreatic head (ph) and body-tail (pbt) ductal adenocarcinoma based on the new 8th edition of AJCC staging system (8 th AJCC stage) that was just applied in clinical practice in 2018.
Methods : 351 patients with curatively resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) from three center hospitals were entered into this multicenter cohort study.
Results: Increasing tumor size ( P <0.001), T stage (T1+T2 vs T3+T4, P =0.003), frequent postoperative liver metastasis (PLM) ( P =0.002) and 8 th AJCC stage (IA to VI, P <0.001; I+II vs III+IV, P =0.002) were closely associated with the progression of pbt cancers compared with that in ph cancer patients. Moreover, tumor size≥3cm ( P =0.012), 8 th AJCC stage (III+IV) ( P =0.025) and PLM ( P =0.010) were identified as independent risk factors in pbt cancers in logistic analysis. Patients with pbt cancers had a significantly worse overall survival compared with ph cancer patients ( P =0.007). Moreover, pbt was an independent unfavorable factor in multivariate analysis ( P =0.009). In addition to 8 th AJCC stage, vascular invasion and PLM, increasing tumor size and advanced T stage were also closely associated with the poor prognosis in 131 cases of pbt cancer patients compared with Ph cancer patients.
Conclusion: Pbt, as an independent unfavorable factor for the prognosis of PC patients, are much more aggressive than that in ph cancers according to 8 th AJCC staging system. 8 th AJCC staging system are more comprehensive and sensitive to reflect the malignant biology of pbt cancers.