bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted temperature management evolving over time—A local process analysis
Authors: Strålin Axel , Thuccani Meena , Lilja Linus , Rylander Christian
Published: August 2022

Background

Post‐resuscitation care of comatose survivors from cardiac arrest includes target temperature management (TTM) to mitigate cerebral reperfusion injury. High‐quality TTM requires protocols enhancing good precision. This study explored how the quality of TTM may have evolved with increasing experience from clinical trial protocols and standard operating procedures. We hypothesized that there would be a positive effect over time, detectable between trial periods and between trial periods and later everyday practice.

Methods

Three TTM quality parameters were defined: time to target, temperature variability, and fever incidence. Data from 181 patients treated during three different time periods in a tertiary center were analyzed; 45 from Period 1 (local trial cohort 2011–2013) targeting 33°C or 36°C; 76 from Period 2 (local trial cohort 2018–2020) targeting 33 or <37.5°C; 60 from Period 3 (current standard operating procedure 2020–2021) targeting 36°C. Groups of similar target temperatures from different time periods were compared using ordinary group statistics.

Results

TTM quality in all three parameters increased between trial periods. There were no differences in TTM quality as to temperature variability or fever incidence between the <37.5°C Period 2 and the 36°C Period 3 groups. A 33°C target temperature was associated with lower fever incidence than 36°C and <37.5°C target regimes.

Conclusion

The observed increase in TTM quality in this single‐center study may be a result of increased competence through learning and training in different strict TTM protocols. If so, the results of this study further support the protocolization of post‐cardiac arrest intensive care.
Ganoderic acid D prevents oxidative stress‐induced senescence by targeting 14‐3‐3ε to activate CaM/CaMKII/NRF2 signaling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Yuan Huan , Xu Yan , Luo Yi , Zhang Jia‐Rong , Zhu Xin‐Xin , Xiao Jian‐Hui
Published: August 2022

Stem cell senescence is an important cause of aging. Delaying senescence may present a novel way to combat aging and age‐associated diseases. This study provided a mechanistic insight into the protective effect of ganoderic acid D (GA‐D) against human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSCs) senescence. GA‐D, a Ganoderma lucidum‐derived triterpenoid, markedly prevented hAMSCs senescence via activating the Ca2+ calmodulin (CaM)/CaM‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/nuclear erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) axis, and 14‐3‐3ε was identified as a target of GA‐D. 14‐3‐3ε‐encoding gene (YWHAE) knockdown in hAMSCs reversed the activation of the CaM/CaMKII/Nrf2 signals to attenuate the GA‐D anti‐aging effect and increase senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal), p16 and p21 expression levels, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby promoting cell cycle arrest and decreasing differentiation potential. YWHAE overexpression maintained or slightly enhanced the GA‐D anti‐aging effect. GA‐D prevented d‐galactose‐caused aging in mice by significantly increasing the total antioxidant capacity, as well as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, and reducing the formation of malondialdehyde, advanced glycation end products, and receptor of advanced glycation end products. Consistent with the protective mechanism of GA‐D against hAMSCs senescence, GA‐D delayed the senescence of bone‐marrow mesenchymal stem cells in this aging model in vivo, reduced SA‐β‐gal and ROS production, alleviated cell cycle arrest, and enhanced cell viability and differentiation via regulating 14‐3‐3ε and CaM/CaMKII/Nrf2 axis. Therefore, GA‐D retards hAMSCs senescence by targeting 14‐3‐3ε to activate the CaM/CaMKII/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the in vivo GA‐D anti‐aging effect may involve the regulation of stem cell senescence via the same signal axis.
Male personal heat exposures and fecundability: A preconception cohort study
Authors: McKinnon Craig J. , Joglekar Dhruv J. , Hatch Elizabeth E. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Wesselink Amelia K. , Willis Mary D. , Wang Tanran R. , Mikkelsen Ellen M. , Eisenberg Michael L. , Wise Lauren A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Several studies indicate adverse effects of selected heat exposures on semen quality, but few studies have directly evaluated fertility as an endpoint.

Objective

We evaluated prospectively the association between male heat exposures and fecundability, the per‐cycle probability of conception.

Materials and methods

We analyzed data from 3041 couples residing in the United States or Canada who enrolled in a prospective preconception cohort study (2013–2021). At enrollment, males reported on several heat‐related exposures, such as use of saunas, hot baths, seat heaters, and tight‐fitting underwear. Pregnancy status was updated on female follow‐up questionnaires every 8 weeks until conception or a censoring event (initiation of fertility treatment, cessation of pregnancy attempts, withdrawal, loss to follow‐up, or 12 cycles), whichever came first. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between heat exposures and fecundability, mutually adjusting for heat exposures and other potential confounders.

Results

We observed small inverse associations for hot bath/tub use (≥3 vs. 0 times/month: FR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.70–1.07) and fever in the 3 months before baseline (FR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79–1.12; one cycle of follow‐up: FR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.64–1.11). Little association was found for sauna use, hours of laptop use on one's lap, seat heater use, time spent sitting, and use of tight‐fitting underwear. Based on a cumulative heat metric, FRs for 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 versus 0 heat exposures were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.87–1.12), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.89–1.19), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.74–1.19), and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.50–1.17), respectively. Associations were stronger among men aged ≥30 years (≥4 vs. 0 heat exposures: FR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.34–1.04).

Conclusion

Male use of hot tubs/baths and fever showed weak inverse associations with fecundability. Cumulative exposure to multiple heat sources was associated with a moderate reduction in fecundability, particularly among males aged ≥30 years.
The role of digital health interventions to improve health literacy in surgical patients: a narrative review in arthroplasty
Authors: Davaris Myles T. , Bunzli Samantha , Trieu Jason , Dowsey Michelle M. , Choong Peter F.
Published: August 2022

Background

Arthroplasty is a high‐volume but costly treatment option for advanced osteoarthritis. Health literacy and patient education are modifiable factors that can improve patient outcomes in arthroplasty. Digital technologies show potential as an instrument for providing patients with reliable information. This narrative review aimed to identify the current evidence for how effective digital health interventions (DHIs) are in targeting health literacy and related constructs (including knowledge, decision‐making and self‐efficacy) in arthroplasty.

Methods

Six databases were searched for published studies comprising health literacy and related constructs, arthroplasty, and DHIs. The main outcome measure was health literacy. Two reviewer‐authors independently screened studies according to predefined inclusion criteria and performed data extraction. Data was analysed and summarized in tabular and narrative form.

Results

Two thousand seven‐hundred and sixty‐four titles and abstracts were screened. One hundred and sixty‐seven papers underwent full‐text analysis. No studies used health literacy as an outcome measure; therefore, the outcome measure was broadened to include its constructs, and the full‐text analysis was repeated. Thirteen studies were included. No study following a structured design for their DHI. Eleven studies demonstrated participant improvement in constructs of health literacy, including knowledge, decision‐making and self‐management.

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests digital technology may provide new means of educating patients and improving aspects of their health literacy. More research digital technology with a structured approach, framework and standardized measures is required. Well‐designed digital technology may become a useful adjunct to future patient care.
Melanoma overdiagnosis: why it matters and what can be done about it
Authors: Bell Katy J.L. , Nijsten Tamar
Published: August 2022

Linked Article:  Whiteman et al. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:515–522.
Promoting students' artwork appreciation: An experiential learning‐based virtual reality approach
Authors: Chiu Min‐Chi , Hwang Gwo‐Jen , Hsia Lu‐Ho
Published: August 2022

In artwork appreciation activities, visiting physical exhibitions in art museums is often limited by time, distance and cost. Thus, conventional teaching is mostly conducted through textbooks, presentation slides or videos. However, by presenting artwork appreciation through a lecture, it is difficult for students to feel the beauty of artworks, and they can hardly develop accurate appreciation knowledge and critical thinking. To tackle this problem, this study proposed an experiential learning‐based spherical video‐based virtual reality (EL‐SVVR) learning approach based on the experiential learning theory to guide students to browse world‐famous artworks and experience the features of artwork creation. This study developed an EL‐SVVR learning system and adopted a quasi‐experimental design to determine whether the EL‐SVVR learning approach improved students' performance in artwork appreciation in comparison with the conventional teaching approach. A total of 45 university students from two classes who participated in an elective art course were recruited in the study. One class was assigned to be the experimental group and adopted the EL‐SVVR learning approach, while the other class was assigned to be the control group and adopted the conventional technology‐supported learning (CTL) approach. The results showed that in comparison with the CTL approach, the EL‐SVVR learning approach enhanced students' learning achievement, learning motivation, self‐efficacy, critical thinking and performance in digital painting creation during artwork appreciation.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Spherical video‐based virtual reality (SVVR) situates students in a simulated environment that enables them to have deep experience regarding the learning contexts.

SVVR has great potential in promoting students' learning performance by providing them situational contexts.

What this paper adds

An SVVR‐based experiential learning approach is proposed to facilitate students' artwork creation.

In addition to promoting students' learning outcomes, the EL‐SVVR learning approach could better facilitate students' learning achievement, learning motivation, critical thinking, self‐efficacy, and performance in painting creation.

Implications for practice and/or policy

SVVR is a potential technology for implementing experiential learning activities; in particular, in improving students' creative thinking for artwork creation.

It is potentially worth trying to apply the SVVR technology to other courses related to artwork creation to promote learners' learning performances and perceptions.

It is worth promoting the SVVR approach in school settings since it is a low‐tech and low‐cost solution with potentially positive impacts on students' learning outcomes.
Inhibition of mutationally activated HER2
Authors: Collins Stephen J. , Guo Jiaye , Rizzo Robert C. , Miller W. Todd
Published: August 2022

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an oncogenic driver and key therapeutic target for human cancers. Current therapies targeting HER2 are primarily based on overexpression of the wild‐type form of HER2. However, kinase domain mutations have been identified that can increase the activity of HER2 even when expressed at basal levels. Using purified enzymes, we confirmed the hyperactivity of two HER2 mutants (D769Y and P780insGSP). To identify small molecule inhibitors against these cancer‐associated variants, we used a combined approach consisting of biochemical testing, similarity‐based searching, and in silico modeling. These approaches resulted in the identification of a candidate molecule that inhibits mutant forms of HER2 in vitro and in cell‐based assays. Our structural model predicts that the compound takes advantage of water‐mediated interactions in the HER2 kinase binding pocket.
Searching for new mTOR kinase inhibitors: Analysis of binding sites and validation of docking protocols
Authors: Stary Dorota , Nepovimova Eugenie , Kuca Kamil , Bajda Marek
Published: August 2022

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important biological target for development of novel anticancer drugs and potential antiageing agents. Therefore, many scientific groups search for mTOR kinase inhibitors. Herein, we present structure‐based approach which could be helpful in the studies on new bioactive compounds. Method validation was preceded by structural analysis of ATP catalytic cleft and FRB domain. In silico studies allowed us to point crucial amino acid residues for ligand binding and develop optimal docking protocols. The presented methodology could be applied for design and development of potential mTOR kinase inhibitors.
Narrower clinical margin in high or very high‐risk squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective, multicenter study of 1,000 patients
Authors: Baba Natsuki , Kato Hiroshi , Nakamura Motoki , Matsushita Shigeto , Aoki Megumi , Fujimoto Noriki , Kato Takeshi , Iino Shiro , Saito Shintaro , Yasuda Masahito , Asai Jun , Ishikawa Masashi , Yatsushiro Hiroshi , Kawahara Yu , Matsuya Taisuke , Araki Ryuichiro , Teramoto Yukiko , Hasegawa Minoru , Tokunaga Takahiro , Nakamura Yasuhiro
Published: August 2022

Background and objectives

In cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), adherence to guideline‐recommended fixed surgical margins is often difficult, and narrower margins are preferable. This study aimed to evaluate relapse and disease‐specific death with narrower margins for high or very high‐risk cSCC.

Patients/Methods

We retrospectively investigated high or very high‐risk cSCC patients who underwent tumor excision. Patients were divided into guideline‐recommended standard margin group (SMG) and narrower‐margin group (NMG). Co‐primary outcomes were local relapse, SCC relapse, and SCC death. Cumulative incidence function (CIF) was used to describe SCC death probability and competing risk mortality. Gray’s test was used to compare differences in CIF between the groups.

Results

In total, 1,000 patients with cSCC (high‐risk, 570; very high‐risk, 430) were included. In the high‐risk cohort, there were no significant differences in incomplete excision rate (IER) between SMG and NMG (2.6 % vs. 3.0 %, P > 0.99). However, in the very high‐risk cohort, IER in SMG was significantly lower than in NMG (8.9 % vs. 16.2 %, P = 0.03). No significant differences were observed between SMG and NMG for local relapse (high‐risk, P = 0.56; very high‐risk, P = 0.70), SCC relapse (high‐risk, P = 0.30; very high‐risk, P = 0.47), and SCC death (high‐risk, P = 0.23; very high‐risk, P = 0.83).

Conclusions

Surgical margin size has limited impact on margin control, relapse, and disease‐specific death in high‐risk cSCC.
Social determinants of health and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure
Authors: Vinter Nicklas , Fawzy Ameenathul M. , Gent David , Ding Wern Yew , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Frost Lars , Trinquart Ludovic , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: August 2022

Background

We examined the associations between family income and educational attainment with incident atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and cardiovascular (CV) death among patients with newly‐diagnosed heart failure (HF).

Methods

In a nationwide Danish registry of HF patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2018, we established a cohort for each outcome. When examining AF, MI and stroke, respectively, patients with a history of these outcomes at diagnosis of HF were excluded. We used cause‐specific proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios for tertile groups of family income and three levels of educational attainment.

Results

Among 27,947 AF‐free patients, we found no association between income or education and incident AF. Among 27,309 MI‐free patients, we found that lower income (hazard ratio 1.28 [95% CI 1.11–1.48] and 1.11 [0.96–1.28] for lower and medium vs. higher income) and education (1.23 [1.04–1.45] and 1.15 [0.97–1.36] for lower and medium vs. higher education) were associated with MI. Among 36,801 stroke‐free patients, lower income was associated with stroke (1.38 [1.23–1.56] and 1.27 [1.12–1.44] for lower and medium vs. higher income) but not education. Lower income (1.56 [1.46–1.67] and 1.32 [1.23–1.42] for lower and medium vs. higher income) and education (1.20 [1.11–1.29] and 1.07 [0.99–1.15] for lower and medium vs. higher education) were associated with CV death.

Conclusions

In patients with newly‐diagnosed HF, lower family income was associated with higher rates of acute MI, stroke and cardiovascular death. Lower educational attainment was associated with higher rates of acute MI and cardiovascular death. There was no evidence of associations between income and education with incident AF.
Characterizing the genetic basis of trait evolution in the Mexican cavefish
Authors: Oliva Camila , Hinz Nicole K. , Robinson Wayne , Barrett Thompson Alexys M. , Booth Julianna , Crisostomo Lina M. , Zanineli Samantha , Tanner Maureen , Lloyd Evan , O'Gorman Morgan , McDole Brittnee , Paz Alexandra , Kozol Rob , Brown Elizabeth B. , Kowalko Johanna E. , Fily Yaouen , Duboue Erik R. , Keene Alex C.
Published: August 2022

Evolution in response to a change in ecology often coincides with various morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits. For most organisms little is known about the genetic and functional relationship between evolutionarily derived traits, representing a critical gap in our understanding of adaptation. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, consists of largely independent populations of fish that inhabit at least 30 caves in Northeast Mexico, and a surface fish population, that inhabit the rivers of Mexico and Southern Texas. The recent application of molecular genetic approaches combined with behavioral phenotyping have established A. mexicanus as a model for studying the evolution of complex traits. Cave populations of A. mexicanus are interfertile with surface populations and have evolved numerous traits including eye degeneration, insomnia, albinism, and enhanced mechanosensory function. The interfertility of different populations from the same species provides a unique opportunity to define the genetic relationship between evolved traits and assess the co‐evolution of behavioral and morphological traits with one another. To define the relationships between morphological and behavioral traits, we developed a pipeline to test individual fish for multiple traits. This pipeline confirmed differences in locomotor activity, prey capture, and startle reflex between surface and cavefish populations. To measure the relationship between traits, individual F2 hybrid fish were characterized for locomotor behavior, prey‐capture behavior, startle reflex, and morphological attributes. Analysis revealed an association between body length and slower escape reflex, suggesting a trade‐off between increased size and predator avoidance in cavefish. Overall, there were few associations between individual behavioral traits, or behavioral and morphological traits, suggesting independent genetic changes underlie the evolution of the measured behavioral and morphological traits. Taken together, this approach provides a novel system to identify genetic underpinnings of naturally occurring variation in morphological and behavioral traits.
First record of the agricultural pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Algeria
Authors: Aouari Ibtissem , Barech Ghania , Khaldi Mourad
Published: August 2022

The spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) could potentially become a serious invasive pest of fruit crops in the North of Africa in the coming years, leading to substantial economic losses. This pest is reported for the first time in Algeria. It was detected in M'sila in the north‐east of the country within an pomegranate agroecosystem near the salt lake Chott Zahrez Echergui. Trapping was conducted from 21 March 2018 to 23 January 2019 in two orchards. The prevalence (flies/trap/day) and population dynamics of D. suzukii and two other fruit flies (Zaprionus indianus and D. melanogaster) trapped in the same orchards are reported. Low numbers of these three fly species were found in trap samples. At present, the ecological and economic impact of D. suzukii on pomegranate are poorly known in North Africa.
Visualization and quantification of carbon “rusty sink” by rice root iron plaque: Mechanisms, functions, and global implications
Authors: Wei Liang , Zhu Zhenke , Razavi Bahar S. , Xiao Mouliang , Dorodnikov Maxim , Fan Lichao , Yuan Hongzhao , Yurtaev Andrey , Luo Yu , Cheng Weiguo , Kuzyakov Yakov , Wu Jinshui , Ge Tida
Published: August 2022

Paddies contain 78% higher organic carbon (C) stocks than adjacent upland soils, and iron (Fe) plaque formation on rice roots is one of the mechanisms that traps C. The process sequence, extent and global relevance of this C stabilization mechanism under oxic/anoxic conditions remains unclear. We quantified and localized the contribution of Fe plaque to organic matter stabilization in a microoxic area (rice rhizosphere) and evaluated roles of this C trap for global C sequestration in paddy soils. Visualization and localization of pH by imaging with planar optodes, enzyme activities by zymography, and root exudation by 14C imaging, as well as upscale modeling enabled linkage of three groups of rhizosphere processes that are responsible for C stabilization from the micro‐ (root) to the macro‐ (ecosystem) levels. The 14C activity in soil (reflecting stabilization of rhizodeposits) with Fe2+ addition was 1.4–1.5 times higher than that in the control and phosphate addition soils. Perfect co‐localization of the hotspots of β‐glucosidase activity (by zymography) with root exudation (14C) showed that labile C and high enzyme activities were localized within Fe plaques. Fe2+ addition to soil and its microbial oxidation to Fe3+ by radial oxygen release from rice roots increased Fe plaque (Fe3+) formation by 1.7–2.5 times. The C amounts trapped by Fe plaque increased by 1.1 times after Fe2+ addition. Therefore, Fe plaque formed from amorphous and complex Fe (oxyhydr)oxides on the root surface act as a “rusty sink” for organic matter. Considering the area of coverage of paddy soils globally, upscaling by model revealed the radial oxygen loss from roots and bacterial Fe oxidation may trap up to 130 Mg C in Fe plaques per rice season. This represents an important annual surplus of new and stable C to the existing C pool under long‐term rice cropping.
Cardiac megakaryocytes in SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive autopsies
Authors: Gawelek Kara L , Padera Robert , Connors Jean , Pinkus Geraldine S , Podznyakova Olga , Battinelli Elisabeth M
Published: August 2022

Thromboembolic phenomena are an important complication of infection by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Increasing focus on the management of the thrombotic complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has led to further investigation into the role of platelets, and their precursor cell, the megakaryocyte, during the disease course. Previously published postmortem evaluations of patients who succumbed to COVID‐19 have reported the presence of megakaryocytes in the cardiac microvasculature. Our series evaluated a cohort of autopsies performed on SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients in 2020 (n = 36) and prepandemic autopsies performed in early 2020 (n = 12) and selected to represent comorbidities common in cases of severe COVID‐19, in addition to infectious and noninfectious pulmonary disease and thromboembolic phenomena. Cases were assessed for the presence of cardiac megakaryocytes and correlated with the presence of pulmonary emboli and laboratory platelet parameters and inflammatory markers. Cardiac megakaryocytes were detected in 64% (23/36) of COVID‐19 autopsies, and 40% (5/12) prepandemic autopsies, with averages of 1.77 and 0.84 megakaryocytes per cm2, respectively. Within the COVID‐19 cohort, autopsies with detected megakaryocytes had significantly higher platelet counts compared with cases throughout; other platelet parameters were not statistically significant between groups. Although studies have supported a role of platelets and megakaryocytes in the response to viral infections, including SARS‐CoV‐2, our findings suggest cardiac megakaryocytes may be representative of a nonspecific inflammatory response and are frequent in, but not exclusive to, COVID‐19 autopsies.
Ultraviolet transmission microscopy for the imaging of topical sunscreen emulsions
Authors: Crowther Jonathan M. , Schütz Rolf , Vollhardt Jürgen H.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Microscopy is widely used during the development and testing of topical formulations; however, it often lacks the ability to be chemically specific with regard to what is being imaged. This article describes how moving outside of the visible light region and into different parts of the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum enables differently UV absorbing components in topical emulsions to be directly visualized using optical transmission microscopy.

Methods

Optical transmission microscopy of different sunscreen emulsions was carried out using a custom‐built microscope, imaging in the UVB (313 nm), UVA (365 nm) and visible light (546 nm) and with different magnifications.

Results

By using light of different wavelengths, direct visualization of different UV absorbing ingredients within the product emulsion using optical transmission microscopy has been performed and the locations of the UV absorbing actives in the formulations imaged.

Conclusions

Microscopy has long been a valuable tool for the skin researcher, providing structural information about the products and how they perform. By moving outside of the spectral region of visible light and into the UV, it has been possible for the first time to directly image different SPF ingredients within topical formulations using optical microscopy.
A taxing audit—On the association between auditor workload compression and tax avoidance
Authors: Lopez Dennis M. , Greenwald S. Mark
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the association between auditor workload compression and tax avoidance. Heavy auditor workloads can limit the extent to which auditors are able to examine the determination of the income tax provision, creating opportunities for companies to maintain their tax avoidance strategies unimpeded. We find evidence indicating that audits performed by auditors with greater levels of workload compression are associated with greater levels of tax avoidance, as proxied by the cash effective tax rate, the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) effective tax rate and book‐tax differences. We also investigate the role of auditor‐provided tax services (APTS) on the said associations and find evidence generally consistent with knowledge spillover; however, we do not find evidence of a moderating effect from APTS on the association between auditor workload compression and tax avoidance. This study contributes to the auditing and tax literatures by being among the first to investigate whether audit‐related constraints due to workload compression affect the outcomes of management's determination of the tax provision.
On how to identify a seminal fluid protein: A response to Wigby et al.
Authors: Hurtado Juan , Almeida Francisca Cunha , Belliard Silvina Anahí , Revale Santiago , Hasson Esteban
Published: August 2022

The choice of criteria to delimit a group or class is a subjective matter, even though the reasoning, the objectives and the criteria themselves should always be clearly stated. This paper is part of a discussion about the criteria used to identify seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) in Drosophila species. SFPs are proteins that are transferred to females during copulation together with sperm. The only way to ascertain that a protein is an SFP is to prove that it is produced in a male reproductive organ and is found in the female reproductive tract after insemination. Nevertheless, the required methodology is labour‐intensive and expensive, and therefore this kind of data is unlikely to be available for many species, precluding comparative and evolutionary studies on the subject. To conduct evolutionary analyses, in a previous study, we capitalized on the accumulated knowledge we have in the model species D. melanogaster to recommend a set of criteria for identifying candidate SFPs in other Drosophila species. Those criteria, based on transcriptomic evidence and in silico predictions from sequences, would allow a good balance between sensitivity (the inclusion of true SFPs) and specificity (the exclusion of false positives). In view of the criticism raised by another group, here we defend our criteria on one hand while accepting there is room for improvement on the other. The results are updated sets of criteria and SFPs that we believe can be useful in future evolutionary studies.
Identification of antibacterial metabolites produced by a marine bacterium Halobacillus marinus HMALI004
Authors: Ali Sardar , Cai Runlin , Feng Hao , Xie Jianmin , Zhang Yueling , Wang Hui
Published: August 2022

Aims

This study examined and characterized the extract for metabolites of Halobacillus marinus HMALI004 to understand their antibacterial activities against opportunistic marine pathogens, that is, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio cholerae.

Methods and Results

The bacterial strain HMALI004 was characterized as H. marinus, and an antibacterial spectral test revealed its inhibition against two opportunistic marine pathogens (V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholera). Fermentation broth of strain HMALI004 was subjected to column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography to separate antibacterial substances. Two compounds were successfully isolated and identified as 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid for V. parahaemolyticus were 25 μg/ml, while their MIC values for V. cholerae were 50 and 100 μg/ml, respectively. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of two pathogen strains treated with 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid were detected to investigate the antimicrobial mechanism. The results suggested that 4-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid exerted enhanced ROS production in V. parahaemolyticus, whereas 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid had a weaker effect. Both compounds caused a significant rise in ROS production in V. cholerae, causing severe damage to the cell wall and cytoplasm, leading to cell death.

Conclusions

The bacterium H. marinus HMALI004 was isolated from a shrimp pond and was found to produce antimicrobial compounds, which could inhibit the growth of opportunistic marine pathogens V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae by increasing ROS.

Significance and Impact of the Study

Successfully isolated antibacterial-producing strain, H. marinus HMALI004, and its antimicrobial compounds could be used as biological control agents for marine pathogens.
The advantage of the mini‐electrode‐equipped catheter for the radiofrequency ablation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Choi Young , Kim Sung‐Hwan , Kim Hwajung , Park Jeong‐Wook , Ha Young Woong , Hwang Youmi , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Jang Sung‐Won , Oh Yong‐Seog
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Novel ablation catheters equipped with mini‐electrodes (ME) offer high resolution mapping for target tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the mapping performance and efficacy of ME catheters in radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs).

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 136 patients undergoing RFA of PSVT including 76 patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and 60 patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) or Wolff−Parkinson−White (WPW) syndrome. Patients were randomized to the ME group (ablation using ME catheters) or the control group (ablation using conventional catheters). The number of ablation attempt and cumulative ablation time to ablation endpoints, which was defined as an emergence of junctional rhythm in AVNRT or accessory pathway (AP) block in AVRT/WPW syndromes were compared.

Results

During ablation procedures, discrete slow pathway or AP electrograms were found in 27 (39.7%) patients in the ME group and 13 (19.1%) patients in the control group. The primary study outcomes were significantly lower in the ME group (ablation attempt number: 2.0 [1–4] vs. 3.0 [2–7] in the ME and control group, p = .032; ablation time: 23.5 [5.0–111.5] vs. 64.5 [16.0–185.0] s, p = .013). According to the PSVT diagnosis, ablation time to junctional rhythm was significantly shorter in the ME group in AVNRT. In AVRT/WPW syndrome, both ablation attempt number and ablation time to AP block were nonsignificantly lower in the ME group.

Conclusion

The novel ME catheter was advantageous for identifying pathway potentials and reducing initial ablation attempt number and ablation time to reach acute ablation endpoint for PSVTs (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04215640).
Knowledge and practice of dentists in processing polishing points: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: de Paula Vargas Renata , Naves Karinne Spirandelli Carvalho , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Vidigal Maria Tereza Campos , dos Reis Giselle Rodrigues , de Sousa Menezes Murilo
Published: August 2022

Background

Adequately processing polishing points used to polish composite resin restorations is necessary for microbiological control in dentistry, but there is no specific protocol to guide professionals. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of dentists in processing these instruments.

Methods

This cross‐sectional observational study included the application of an online questionnaire via Google Forms and social media promotion. The study evaluated the association of field of activity, time since graduation, age, and sex of professionals with processing practice. The statistical analysis was performed with absolute and relative frequencies and logistic and Poisson regressions at a 5% significance level.

Results

Overall, 473 questionnaires were analyzed. A rate of 51% of professionals reported using inadequate processing methods, and almost 68% claimed to have good knowledge of the topic. Both regression analyses were significantly associated, showing a direct effect of age and time since graduation on adequate processing practices.

Conclusions

Although most professionals reported understanding the processing of polishing points, they do not perform it most adequately.

Clinical Significance

An expressive number of dentists process polishing points improperly. The topic is significant for representing a semi‐critical instrument extensively used in esthetic restorations.
Recent advances in radio frequency, pulsed light, and cold plasma technologies for food safety
Authors: Obileke KeChrist , Onyeaka Helen , Miri Taghi , Nwabor Ozioma Forstinus , Hart Abarasi , Al‐Sharify Zainab T. , Al‐Najjar Shahad , Anumudu Christian
Published: August 2022

It has been the heartbeat of researchers and food engineers to discover the appropriate and effective technology for microbial control to ensure the safety of food. This is because microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa can cause contamination in food products. Many studies have published reviews on the use of single novel technology such as radio frequency (RF), pulsed light (PL), and cold plasma (CP) to process food to ensure food safety. However, no review has provided a comprehensive, detailed overview of the RF, PL, and CP treatments for pasteurizing food products in one publication. This study aims to review and present the future directions of RF, PL, and CP applications in light of various aspects of these technologies. The review concluded that although no novel technique (thermal or nonthermal) could adequately meet all the requirements for food safety, traditional thermal processes can be extremely useful in reducing and eliminating microbe contamination. However, they cannot be applied to temperature‐sensitive foods. Besides inactivating microbial spores, traditional thermal processes can denature proteins as well as organoleptic properties, such as taste, nutritional value, and sensory characteristics, illustrating the importance of these novel technologies as an alternative to heat‐based techniques. As a result of this study, hurdle technology is recommended since it has an additive effect and achieves better germicidal results.
High rate of Ki‐67 increase in entero‐pancreatic NET relapses after surgery with curative intent
Authors: Merola Elettra , Perren Aurel , Rinke Anja , Zerbi Alessandro , McNamara Mairéad G. , Arsenic Ruza , Fazio Nicola , de Herder Wouter , Valle Juan W. , Gress Thomas M. , Wiedenmann Bertram , Pascher Andreas , Pavel Marianne E.
Published: August 2022

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) present with advanced disease at diagnosis in up to 28% of cases, precluding the possibility of curative‐intent surgery. Histopathological heterogeneity of this disease can be observed inter‐individually as well as intra‐individually during disease course. The present study aimed to assess the frequency of Ki‐67 change after radical surgery, in a series of patients with radically resected entero‐pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (EP‐NETs).

We present the analysis of a multicenter, retrospective, series of EP‐NETs G1–G2 recurring after radical resection and with histological re‐evaluation at disease recurrence (DR). The primary endpoint was the description of Ki‐67 change at DR compared to time of surgery. The secondary endpoint was assessment of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates. In total, 47 patients had a second histological evaluation and could be included in the present study. Median Ki‐67 at surgery was 3% (range 1–15%) but, at DR, a significant increase in the value was observed (7%, range 1–30%; p < .01) and involved 66.0% of cases, with a corresponding increase in tumor grading in 34.0% (p = .05). Median RFS of the overall population was 40 months, and was worse when Ki‐67 increased at DR vs. stable Ki‐67 value (36 vs. 61 months, respectively; p = .02). In conclusion, in more than half of the cases with relapse after radical surgery, a higher proliferative index with a potentially more aggressive potential was observed. Therefore, histological reassessment should be considered on DR because tailored therapeutic strategies may be required for these patients.
Neurometabolic changes in multiple sclerosis: Fingolimod versus beta interferon or glatiramer acetate therapy
Authors: Al‐iedani Oun , Lea Rodney , Ribbons Karen , Ramadan Saadallah , Lechner‐Scott Jeannette
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose

Fingolimod has been shown to be more effective in reducing relapse rate and disability than injectable therapies in clinical trials. An increase in N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) as measured by MR spectroscopy is correlated with maintaining axonal metabolic functions. This study compared the neurometabolic and volumetric changes in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients on fingolimod or injectable therapies with healthy controls (HCs).

Methods

Ninety‐eight RRMS (52 on fingolimod, 46 on injectable therapies (27 on glatiramer acetate and 19 on interferon) were age and sex‐matched to 51 HCs. RRMS patients underwent cognitive, fatigue, and mental health assessments, as well as an Expanded disability status scale (EDSS). MRI/S was acquired from the hippocampus, posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Volumetric and neurometabolic measures were compared across cohorts using a univariate general linear model and correlated with clinical severity and neuropsychological scores.

Results

Clinical parameters, MR‐volumetric, and neurometabolic profiles showed no differences between treatment groups (p > .05). Compared to HCs, both RRMS cohorts showed volume changes in white matter (−13%), gray matter (−16%), and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) (+17‐23%), as well as reduced NAA (−17%, p = .001, hippocampus), (−7%, p = .001, PCG), and (−9%, p = .001, PFC). MRI/S metrics in three regions were moderately correlated with cognition and fatigue functions.

Conclusion

While both treatment arms showed overall similar volumetric and neurometabolic profiles, longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify neurometabolic changes and associations with treatment efficacy.
Skull metastases and osseous venous malformations: The role of diffusion‐weighted and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Kurokawa Ryo , Kurokawa Mariko , Holmes Adam , Baba Akira , Bapuraj Jayapalli , Capizzano Aristides , Kim John , Srinivasan Ashok , Moritani Toshio
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose

Skull metastasis (SM) is a common secondary malignancy. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating SM from osseous venous malformations and SM of various origins.

Methods

This study included 31 patients with SM (median age, 64 years; range, 41‐87 years; 29 women; 24 and 7 patients with breast and non‐small cell lung cancer, respectively) and 16 with osseous venous malformations (median age, 68 years; range, 20‐81 years; 10 women) who underwent both DWI and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI between January 2015 and October 2021. Normalized mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI parameters were compared between SM and osseous venous malformations, and between breast cancer and non‐small cell lung cancer. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to identify statistically significant parameters.

Results

Plasma volume and time‐to‐maximum enhancement were the most statistically significant parameters for differentiating SM from osseous venous malformations, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.962. The normalized mean ADC and peak enhancement values were the most statistically significant parameters for differentiating breast cancer from non‐small cell lung cancer, with an area under the curve of 0.924.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the efficacious diagnostic performance of DWI and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in distinguishing SM from osseous venous malformations and differentiating SM of various origins.
Cheaper by the bundle: The interaction of frictions and option exercise in variable annuities
Authors: Bauer Daniel , Moenig Thorsten
Published: August 2022

Typical Variable Annuity products combine complex baseline contracts at substantial fees with optional guarantees. We argue this product design aligns with the benefits of bundling to the provider, to the extent that the baseline option features can reduce total replication value. This is possible due to market frictions, and particularly taxation rules, affecting policyholder exercise behavior. We demonstrate the relevance of this mechanism in the context of popular withdrawal guarantees, both theoretically and empirically. Specifically, we show that in the presence of personal taxes, adding on a common death benefit at baseline may decrease the total contract value to the provider.
Politeness as signs of difference: Semiotic differentiation and identity among Taiwanese in China
Authors: Su Hsi‐Yao
Published: August 2022

This study examines a prevalent discourse on Taiwanese politeness as part and parcel of identity and ideological work among Taiwanese residing in China. Using as data spontaneous discussions about politeness in interviews and online forum posts that evaluate politeness, this study explores how politeness is taken up as a sign to index Taiwan–China differences and how identity is simultaneously constructed throughout this ideological work, focusing on the succession of semiotic differentiations within or across talks and texts. Throughout this process, various qualitative contrasts are made and grouped by the soft/hard schema, and differentiation between Taiwan and China is constructed. The study also considers relevant historical and social conditions and explores how the complex Taiwan–China relations may give rise to the prevalence of such a discourse.
Development of the Adapted Pivot Test method for descriptive sensory analyses with young untrained students
Authors: Beaulieu Aleksandr , Giraud Valentin , Magro Pierre , Nougarede Sylvain , Maza Elie , Samson Alain , Geffroy Olivier , Chervin Christian
Published: August 2022

A recent method using paired comparison between coded wines and a pivot wine, first developed with wine experts, was adapted to be performed by students, as potential young consumers. The untrained students generated the list of words in a preliminary session, and then a paired comparison with a pivot wine was performed, using the words representing 75% of total occurrences. Correspondence analyses enabled the categorization of either white or red wines, using the respective words chosen by students. These correspondence analyses (CA) enable to associate wines and words as expected, but also grouped similar wines that were presented under different codes, as a test. And CA also logically discriminated words, such as “intense,” “lingering,” and “burning,” from “light” and “fresh,” which are indeed opposed in food sensory perception. A statistical approach, using the chi‐squared test of independence, is also proposed to determine the optimal panelist number.

Practical applications

Our results suggest that this method, called Adapted Pivot Test (APT), could be useful for descriptive analyses by untrained students. The method could provide simple means for categorizing products, without using semantic analyses, which often create biases when performed by nonspecialists. The robustness of this method could be further tested using various products and consumer panels. In addition, we provide a full set of data that can be used in sensory analysis or statistical teaching courses.
Lysine stimulates the development of the murine mammary gland at puberty via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling axis
Authors: Li Wen , Long Xiaoyu , Li Feng , Cao Yu , Liu Juxiong , Fu Shoupeng , Guo Wenjin , Hu Guiqiu
Published: August 2022

Lysine is one of the essential amino acids. The effect of lysine on milk protein and milk fat anabolism has been reported, but the effect on mammary glands development has not been studied in detail. The normal development of the mammary glands at puberty is crucial to lactation of mammals. In this study, to explore the effect of lysine on mammary glands development, we fed different concentrations of lysine (0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%) to pubertal mice and found that the addition of 0.1% lysine to drinking water significantly promoted mammary glands development. Furthermore, we treated mMECs (mouse mammary epithelial cells) with different concentrations of lysine (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mM) to explore the underlying mechanism, and found that lysine promoted the proliferation of mMECs and development of mammary glands through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in pubertal mice. Overall, the results of this study revealed that lysine activated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal axis, elevated protein concentrations of cell proliferation markers, such as PCNA, Cyclin D1 and D3, and enhanced the proliferation of mMECs, finally promoted the murine mammary glands development at puberty.