bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The male gonostylus of the orchid bee genus Euglossa (Apidae: Euglossini)
Authors: OSPINA-TORRES RODULFO , PARRA-H ALEJANDRO , GONZALEZ VICTOR H.
Published: May 2019

Genital characters remain unexplored in Euglossa and they could be of great value in recognizing species and understanding the phylogeny of the group as in other bee genera. We examined the external morphology of the male gonostylus in 49 species of Euglossa belonging to five subgenera and eight species groups. Unlike the other euglossine genera, the male gonostylus in Euglossa is morphologically diverse. We recognized and illustrated five types of gonostyli that were sometimes consistent within species groups, and might be taxonomically and phylogenetically informative. We hope to draw more attention to and encourage future systematic studies on Euglossa using these genital characters.
A review of the Nearctic species of the genus Eurygarka Quate (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: CURLER GREGORY R. , MOULTON JOHN K.
Published: May 2019

The moth-fly genus Eurygarka Quate (Diptera: Psychodidae) is revised to include three species. Two new species: E. cyphostylus, n. sp. and E. nelderi, n. sp. from the southeastern United States are described. The adult male and female of E. helicis (Dyar) are redescribed. A key to adult males of the three known species of Eurygarka is provided. The generic placement of Eurygarka is discussed.
The second representative of the genus Polididus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Southeast Asia, with partial redescription of P. armatissimus
Authors: ISHIKAWA TADASHI , SUMIARTHA KETUT , OKAJIMA SHÛJI
Published: May 2019

A new species of the harpactorine genus Polididus is described from Flores, Indonesia, on the basis of female specimens under the name P. dimorphopterus sp. nov. as the second representative of the genus in Southeast Asia. This species is unique among the congeners in showing wing dimorphism and is easily recognized by the pronotum dark brown to blackish with a pair of brownish yellow longitudinal stripes, setiferous spines on the pronotal humeri, scutellum and laterotergites IV to VII blackish in the basal half and brownish yellow in the apical half, the femur of each leg blackish in the apical fifth, the mesoand metatibiae lacking setiferous spine, the metatibia with a blackish narrow annulation subbasally. Polididus armatissimus is recorded from Bali for the first time, with descriptions and illustrations of the male and female genitalia.
Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from wrens (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), with descriptions of three new species
Authors: PRICE ROGER D. , JOHNSON KEVIN P. , DALGLEISH ROBERT C.
Published: May 2019

Three new species of Myrsidea parasitic on members of the avian family Troglodytidae are described herein. They and their type hosts are M. whitemani ex the Rufous-naped Wren, Campylorhynchus rufinucha (Lesson, 1838), M. bessae ex the Riverside Wren, Thryothorus semibadius Salvin, 1870, and M. vincesmithi ex the Rufous-breasted Wren, Thryothorus rutilus Vieillot, 1819. Myrsidea troglodyti (Denny, 1842) is redescribed and a lectotype designated. Results of sequencing a portion of the mitochondrial COI gene for one of these species and several other species of Myrsidea are given to compare genetic divergence.
Notes on Afrotropical Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with the description of seven new species
Authors: HIPPA HEIKKI
Published: May 2019

The following new species are described: Manota clinochaeta (Madagascar), M. cultrigera (Madagascar), M. edentula (Mauritius), M. ephippiata (Uganda), M. macrodon (Madagascar), M. phyllochaeta (Madagascar) and M. uncinata (Madagascar). New records and taxonomic notes are given for M. mabokeensis Matile (Uganda), M. natalensis Jaschhof & Mostovski (South Africa) and M. whiteleyi Jaschhof and Mostovski (Ivory Coast). Taxonomic notes on M. flavipes (Enderlein) (Seychelles) are given and its hypopygium is redescribed.
Four new species of Saigusaia Vockeroth, 1980 (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from China
Authors: NIU XIAOLING , WU HONG , YU XIAOXIA
Published: May 2019

Four new species of Saigusaia Vockeroth 1980 — S. spinibarbis sp. nov., S. praegnans sp. nov., S. monacanthus sp. nov., S. aberrans sp. nov. — are described from southeast China’s of Zhejiang Province. Another species, S. taiwan is newly recorded from southwest China’s Sichuan Province. A key to Chinese species of Saigusaia is provided.
Fine morphology of the myrmecophilous larva of Paussus kannegieteri (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Paussinae: Paussini)
Authors: GIULIO ANDREA DI
Published: May 2019

After one century, the third instar myrmecophilous larva of Paussus (Semipaussus) kannegieteri Wasmann 1896 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae, Paussini), is redescribed and illustrated according to modern scientific standards. A fine morphological study performed with the aid of both light and scanning electron microscopes, reveals the presence of several peculiar types of trichomes, sensilla, glandular pores and other cuticular structures often overlooked by previous authors. These microstructures, especially those connected to myrmecophily, greatly vary among the taxa of Paussini known at larval stage (mainly Arthropterus vs. Paussus+Platyrhopalopsis), indicating that different strategies for interacting with ants may have evolved within this tribe. They also seem to be good candidates as diagnostic taxonomic characters within the genus Paussus Linnaeus 1775. The possible function of these and other derived structures of the P. kannegieteri larva are discussed.
Taxonomic status of Euzonitis haroldi (Heyden, 1870) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) inferred from morphological and molecular data
Authors: ALCOBENDAS MARINA , RUIZ JOSÉ L. , SETTANNI CHIARA , GARCÍA-PARÍS MARIO
Published: May 2019

The species Euzonitis haroldi (Heyden 1870) (Coleoptera: Meloidae; Nemognathinae) is an almost unknown taxon, sometimes treated as a variety of E. quadrimaculata (Pallas, 1773), originally described from Central Spain and only known from a few localities in Spain and Morocco. We found specimens of E. haroldi and E. quadrimaculata feeding together on flowers of Apiaceae in Central Spain. These specimens provided an excellent opportunity to properly assess the status of E. haroldi by analyzing and comparing morphological and molecular data of the two taxa. For the morphological study we reviewed a total of 227 specimens. We concluded that E. haroldi is genetically and morphologically identical, except for coloration, to E. quadrimaculata, and therefore E. haroldi should be treated as a junior synonym of E. quadrimaculata (syn. nov.)
The male of Mesoveloidea williamsi Hungerford, 1929 revisited
Authors: MOREIRA FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO , RIBEIRO JOSÉ RICARDO INACIO , NESSIMIAN JORGE LUIZ
Published: May 2019

The present authors recently published in Zootaxa (Moreira et al. 2006) a description of the male of Mesoveloidea williamsi Hungerford, 1929 and new records for southeastern Brazil. The records therein presented are still valid; however, we overlooked the description of the male form published by Jaczewski (1931). Therefore, Moreira et al. (2006) actually presented a redescription of the male of Mesoveloidea williamsi.
A new species of Diplocentrus (Arachnida: Scorpiones) from Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: SANTIBÁÑEZ–LÓPEZ CARLOS E. , FRANCKE OSCAR F.
Published: May 2019

Diplocentrus tenango sp. n. from the community of San Miguel Tenango in Southern Oaxaca is described. This is the eleventh species of the genus reported for Oaxaca. The tarsomere II spine formula is 5-6/6:6/6:7/7:7/7. Pectinal tooth counts are 12–13 in males, and 10–11 in females. It is clearly distinguished from its closest relatives: D. rectimanus Pocock 1898, and D. tehuano Francke 1977.
New cumacean species (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Salomon Islands
Authors: CORBERA JORDI
Published: May 2019

Four new species of Cumacea are described from deep-sea samples collected around Salomon Islands during the French campaign SALOMON I. Bathylamprops pagesi sp. nov. and Bathylamprops caperatus sp. nov. belonging to the family Lampropidae differ from the all currently known species by the oblique lateral carina running from anterolateral angle backwards. The nannastacid Campylaspis alisae sp. nov. can be identified by the shape of the carapace carinae, especially in dorsal view. The diastylid Oxyurostylis? salomonensis sp. nov. due to the lost of the telson tip, is difficult to assign either to the genus Diastylis Say, 1818 or to the genus Oxyurostylis Calman, 1912. At the moment, it is included provisionally to the genus Oxyurostylis and it differs from the other species in the genus by its flattened eyelobe and the higher number of setae on telson.
Garra findolabium, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from the Red River drainage in Yunnan, China
Authors: LI FENG-LIAN , ZHOU WEI , FU QIANG
Published: May 2019

Garra findolabium, new species, is described from the Red River (Yuan-Jiang in Chinese, Song Hong in Vietnamese) in Yunnan, China. It can be distinguished from all other congeners in Southeast Asia and China by the following combination of characters: posterior edge of the oral sucking disc with a median fissure and divided it into two lamellas; caudal fin with an anomalistic dark patch, extending to 50% of length of caudal fin; no barbels; absence of proboscis in front of nostrils; 37–38 lateral-line scales; 16 circumpeduncular scales; distance of anus to anal-fin origin about 33.3–38.7% of distance of pelvic-fin origin to anal-fin origin.
Two new species of the genus Bittacus (Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from China
Authors: HUA BAOZHEN , TAN JIANGLI , HUANG PENGYING
Published: May 2019

Two species of hangingflies in the genus Bittacus Latreille, Bittacus bifurcatus Hua et Tan and Bittacus echinatus Hua et Huang, are described as new to science from the Qinling Mountains, central China. Wing venation and genitalia of the new species are illustrated. The terrestrial globe-shaped egg of B. echinatus is reported for the first time and observed under scanning electron microscopy.
Diversity of cryptic Metazoa in Australian freshwaters: a new genus and two new species of sessile rotifer (Rotifera, Monogononta, Gnesiotrocha, Flosculariidae)
Authors: SEGERS HENDRIK , SHIEL RUSSELL J.
Published: May 2019

Rotifers are obligate aquatic animals that are reputed to have particularly efficient mechanisms to survive extreme, or prolonged periods of drought, in the form of inconspicuously small resting stages, hidden between plant litter and sediment. In order to study this phenomenon, we conducted a hatching experiment on dry sediment from two billabongs in Victoria, Australia, which had been stored under dehydrated conditions for about one year. Here, we report on the diversity of rotifers that hatched during the experiment. A total of 48 species, a majority of which belong to groups of sessile rotifers, were recorded, including several new or interesting taxa. Two new taxa are described: Floscularia wallacei n. spec., and Pentatrocha gigantea n. gen., n. spec., the largest rotifer ever recorded. Ptygura ctenoida Koste & Tobias, 1990 is raised to species rank.
The second species of the Chinese Panorpodidae (Mecoptera), Panorpodes brachypodus sp. nov.
Authors: TAN JIANGLI , HUA BAOZHEN
Published: May 2019

Panorpodes brachypodus Tan et Hua sp. nov. from Beibei, Chongqing, China is described and illustrated. It is the second species of Panorpodidae from China. A key to the known species of the genus Panorpodes MacLachlan is also provided.
A new genus and species of Palaeontinidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England
Authors: WANG BO , ZHANG HAICHUN , JARZEMBOWSKI EDMUND A.
Published: May 2019

Valdicossus chesteri, a new genus and species belonging to Palaeontinidae (Insecta, Hemiptera), is described based on a well-preserved hindwing from the Early Cretaceous Wealden Supergroup of southern England. The specimen is the first well-preserved hindwing of Palaeontinidae from the UK. It differs from other genera as follows: veins M 1 , M 2 and M 3+4 arise from stem M near wing base; vein M 3+4 unbranched; fusion between veins RP and M 1 basal of the level of wing indentation; and vein A 1 absent.
Impact of a course in evidence-informed policy-making on the acquisition of methodological knowledge: Findings from before-and-after studies conducted on three consecutive cohorts of master students
Authors: Lapointe Luc
Published: May 2019

The practice of evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM) consists of systematically searching, analyzing, synthesizing and disseminating the best available research evidence to inform decision-makers about policy problems, policy tools, implementation options, and/or policy evaluation results. Identifying the best available scientific evidence is not a simple task. The vast majority of research evidence contains risks of bias that hinder the reliability of their conclusions. In order to select the soundest available research evidence, policy analysts need to know how to critically appraise research evidence and identify different risks of bias. Formal theories on expertise acquisition in public bureaucracies suggest that these skills and knowledge should be acquired within academia rather than within governmental agencies. We thus created a 45-hour course in EIPM, POL-7061, that was first offered in 2012 to students enrolled in the Master’s Program in Public Affairs at Université Laval (Québec, Canada). The course mainly teaches techniques for searching and appraising different types of empirical studies. In 2013, we conducted a before-and-after study to assess the impact of the course on the methodological knowledge of the students. We repeated the exercise on two consecutive cohorts in 2014 and 2015. Mean percent of pre-post improvement on the knowledge test was 37% for the 2013 cohort, 51% for the 2014 cohort and 31% for the cohort of 2015. Teaching techniques in EIPM to Master’s students in public affairs is thus feasible and can have a positive impact on their basic methodological knowledge.
Feline Invasive Mammary Carcinomas: Prognostic Value of Histological Grading
Authors: Dagher Elie , Abadie Jérôme , Loussouarn Delphine , Campone Mario , Nguyen Frédérique
Published: May 2019

Feline mammary carcinomas are highly malignant tumors usually associated with poor outcome. Nevertheless, survival times can differ significantly according to various prognostic factors. The Elston and Ellis (EE) histologic grading system, originally developed for human breast cancer, is commonly used to grade feline mammary carcinomas, although it is not really adapted for this species, hence the need of a more relevant grading system. Although few veterinary studies attempted to validate previously published results in an independent cohort, the aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of different histologic grading systems in feline invasive mammary carcinomas, including the EE grading system applicable to human breast cancers and the modified and newly designed histologic grading systems recently proposed by Mills et al. Survey data and histologic features of 342 feline invasive mammary carcinomas were analyzed with respect to overall and cancer-specific survival. The histological grading system with best prognostic value was the mitotic-modified Elston and Ellis (MMEE) grading system: grade III carcinomas ( P = .04, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.46, 95% CI, 1.01–2.11), grade II ( P = .03, HR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.03–1.88), and grade I carcinomas (HR = 1.00, reference), with decreasing hazard ratios significantly were associated with a worse overall survival, independently from the pathologic tumor size (pT ≥ 20 mm: P = .002, HR = 1.45, 95% CI, 1.15–1.83) and positive nodal stage ( P = .001, HR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.18–1.94). This retrospective study validates Mills et al’s proposal to adapt the thresholds for mitotic counts to better assess the histological grade of the highly proliferative mammary carcinomas encountered in the cat.
Hope and despair: patients’ experiences of being ineligible for transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Olsson Karin , Näslund Ulf , Nilsson Johan , Hörnsten Åsa
Published: May 2019

Background:

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation may be indicated for patients with aortic stenosis and high risk of postoperative mortality. The assessment of suitability for transcatheter aortic valve implantation requires consensus agreement of a team of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. The burden of comorbidities, frailty and cognitive impairment are factors included when risks for transcatheter aortic valve implantation are balanced against the expected benefits. Although transcatheter aortic valve implantation is a possibility for many, there are still ineligible patients. Knowledge of their experiences of being deemed ineligible are lacking.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore patients’ experiences of being considered for transcatheter aortic valve implantation but judged ineligible.

Methods:

Individual in-depth interviews were performed with eight persons, and qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis.

Results:

Being ineligible for transcatheter aortic valve implantation may induce both hope and despair. Hope was linked to experiences of acceptance, relief of symptoms, support and control; despair was associated with feelings of being missed and abandoned, and of grief and insecurity. Some expressed great anxiety, since their incurable heart disease meant an imminent death. Others were more concerned over practical problems that affected everyday life.

Conclusion:

Being ineligible for transcatheter aortic valve implantation does not necessarily lead to despair. Hope is built through relationships, continuity and support. A combination of person-centred care and palliative care during the end-of-life phase should be offered to patients in order to help clients re-conceptualise hope during this stage of their illness. Cardiovascular nurses in the transcatheter aortic valve implantation team are suitable to facilitate continued care based on the patient’s needs, desires and local conditions.
R-CHOP preceded by blood-brain barrier permeabilization with engineered tumor necrosis factor-α in primary CNS lymphoma
Authors: Ferreri Andrés J. M. , Calimeri Teresa , Conte Gian Marco , Cattaneo Dario , Fallanca Federico , Ponzoni Maurilio , Scarano Eloise , Curnis Flavio , Nonis Alessandro , Lopedote Paolo , Citterio Giovanni , Politi Letterio S. , Foppoli Marco , Girlanda Stefania , Sassone Marianna , Perrone Salvatore , Cecchetti Caterina , Ciceri Fabio , Bordignon Claudio , Corti Angelo , Anzalone Nicoletta
Published: May 2019

Patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) are treated with high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy, which requires hospitalization and extensive expertise to manage related toxicity. The use of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) could overcome these difficulties, but blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of related drugs is poor. Tumor necrosis factor-α coupled with NGR (NGR-hTNF), a peptide targeting CD13+ vessels, induces endothelial permeabilization and improves tumor access of cytostatics. We tested the hypothesis that NGR-hTNF can break the BBB, thereby improving penetration and activity of R-CHOP in patients with relapsed/refractory PCNSL (NCT03536039). Patients received six R-CHOP21 courses, alone at the first course and preceded by NGR-hTNF (0.8 μg/m2) afterward. This trial included 2 phases: an “explorative phase” addressing the effect of NGR-hTNF on drug pharmacokinetic parameters and on vessel permeability, assessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and 99mTc-diethylene-triamine-pentacetic acid–single-photon emission computed tomography, and the expression of CD13 on tumor tissue; and an “expansion phase” with overall response rate as the primary end point, in which the 2-stage Simon Minimax design was used. At the first stage, if ≥4 responses were observed among 12 patients, the study accrual would have continued (sample size, 28). Herein, we report results of the explorative phase and the first-stage analysis (n = 12). CD13 was expressed in tumor vessels of all cases. NGR-hTNF selectively increased vascular permeability in tumoral/peritumoral areas, without interfering with drug plasma/cerebrospinal fluid concentrations. The NGR-hTNF/R-CHOP combination was well tolerated: there were only 2 serious adverse events, and grade 4 toxicity was almost exclusively hematological, which were resolved without dose reductions or interruptions. NGR-hTNF/R-CHOP was active, with 9 confirmed responses (75%; 95% confidence interval, 51-99), 8 of which were complete. In conclusion, NGR-hTNF/R-CHOP was safe in these heavily pretreated patients. NGR-hTNF enhanced vascular permeability specifically in tumoral/peritumoral areas, which resulted in fast and sustained responses.
Analysis of the Association Between Adverse Events and Outcome in Patients Receiving a Programmed Death Protein 1 or Programmed Death Ligand 1 Antibody
Authors: Maher V. Ellen , Fernandes Laura L. , Weinstock Chana , Tang Shenghui , Agarwal Sundeep , Brave Michael , Ning Yang-min , Singh Harpreet , Suzman Daniel , Xu James , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Sridhara Rajeshwari , Ibrahim Amna , Theoret Marc , Beaver Julia A. , Pazdur Richard
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE

To assess the relationship among tumor response rate, overall survival, and the development of related adverse events of special interest (AESIs) or related immune-mediated adverse events (imAEs) in patients with urothelial cancer treated with anti–programmed death protein 1 or ligand 1 (anti–PD-1/L1) antibodies.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We examined seven trials in 1,747 patients with metastatic or locally advanced urothelial cancer that led to approval of an anti–PD-1/L1 antibody. Five trials enrolled patients who had received prior platinum-based therapy, and two enrolled patients who were cisplatin ineligible. The data sets were searched for AESIs, related AESIs, imAEs, and related imAEs. The relationship to study drug was determined by the investigator. ImAEs were defined as AESIs treated with topical or systemic corticosteroids.

RESULTS

In these exploratory analyses, a related AESI was reported in 64% of responding patients and in 34% of patients who did not respond to the anti–PD-1/L1 antibody, whereas a related imAE occurred in 28% and 12% of patients who did and did not respond to study drug, respectively. In a responder analysis, an increase in overall survival was seen in patients with related AESIs compared with those with no related AESIs (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.52). Fifty-seven percent of responding patients with a related AESI reported the AESI before documentation of response.

CONCLUSION

Patients who responded to treatment with an anti–PD-1/L1 antibody were more likely to report a related AESI or related imAE. This relationship did not seem to be due to the increased duration of exposure in responding patients. Systemic corticosteroid use did not appear to affect the duration of response.
Use of Glucose, Glutamine, and Fatty Acids for Trophoblast Respiration in Lean Women, Women With Obesity, and Women With Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Wang Yu , Bucher Matthew , Myatt Leslie
Published: May 2019

Objective

Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with adverse outcomes, particularly with a male fetus. The composition and amount of substrate supplied to the placenta are altered in these conditions. We hypothesized that there are sexually dimorphic differences in utilization of glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine between trophoblast of lean women, women with obesity, and women with GDM.

Design

Trophoblasts were isolated from term male or female placentas from lean women, women with obesity, or women with GDM (n = 4 to 6 per group), and syncytiotrophoblast formed during 72 hours before measuring mitochondrial respiration by a fuel flex assay (Seahorse XF96 analyzer). Dependency, capacity, and flexibility for use of glucose, glutamine, and fatty acids were measured with western blot of glucose transporter GLUT1, glutaminase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A.

Results

Sexual dimorphism in syncytiotrophoblast fuel utilization was seen in women with GDM vs lean women with a significant increase in glucose dependency in males and glucose capacity in females, whereas for glutamine, capacity was significantly decreased in males and females but dependency significantly decreased only in females. Fatty acid dependency and capacity significantly increased in male trophoblast and capacity in female trophoblast of women with GDM vs either lean women or women with obesity. In male but not female trophoblast, flexibility to use all three fuels significantly decreased from lean women to women with obesity and women with GDM. In male trophoblast there were significant associations between GLUT1 and glucose dependency (positive) and flexibility (negative).

Conclusions

Human syncytiotrophoblast utilizes glutamine for mitochondrial respiration. Utilization of glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine changes in a sexually dimorphic manner with obesity and GDM, predominantly with a male placenta.
Surgicel on the post-operative CT: an old trap for radiologists
Authors: Parvulescu Flavius , Sundar Gaurav , Shortri Milind
Published: May 2019

Percutaneous drainage of post-operative collections following abdominopelvic surgery has become standard practice and is a routine procedure in many interventional radiology (IR) departments. Such collections are commonly diagnosed on CT studies where the presence of Surgicel ® can mimic an abscess and lead to unnecessary procedures. We present a case where a duodenal perforation was masked by post-operative Surgicel in the gallbladder fossa, which in turn was mistaken for an infected biloma and referred for percutaneous interventional radiology drainage. Careful imaging review, correlation with operative notes and good diagnostic radiological technique led to a correct diagnosis and avoided unnecessary intervention.
Prediction of anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection
Authors: Cheng Shubang , He Bolin , Zeng Xueyi
Published: May 2019

Objective: Anastomotic Leakage (AL) is one of the most common complications after resection of rectal cancer. Recognition of the incidence and risk factors related to AL is important. This study aimed develops a model that can predict anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection.

Methods: Data from 188 patients undergoing anterior resection of rectal cancer were collected for retrospective analysis. Patients were randomly divided in the development set and validation set at a 1:1 ratio. We first included age, sex, preoperative chemoradiotherapy, tumor size, degree of tumor differentiation, stage, TNM stage, lymph vascular invasion, distance, anastomotic method, diabetes, intraoperative time, intraoperative bleeding and smoking as candidates for variable selection with a LASSO method. A ROC curve was constructed with the validation set to assess the accuracy of the prediction model.

Results: AL occurred in 20 of 188 patients (10.6%). Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (p=0.04), medium degree of tumor differentiation (p=0.04), anastomotic method (p<0.01), intraoperative bleeding≥400ml (p<0.01), smoking (p<0.01), diabetes (p<0.01) were significantly related to AL. The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model is 0.952.

Conclusions: This study developed a model that can predict anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection, which may aid the selection of preventive ileostomy and postoperative management.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.252

How to cite this:Cheng S, He B, Zeng X. Prediction of anastomotic leakage after anterior rectal resection. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):830-835.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.252

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Długofalowe zmiany nierówności dochodów, ich społeczna doniosłość oraz związek z rozwojem gospodarczym – w perspektywie europejskiej i globalnej
Authors: Hryniewicz Janusz T.
Published: May 2019

Long Term Changes of Income Inequalities, Their Social Importance and Relationship With Economic Development – in the European and Global PerspectiveData analysis based on Gini index proves that income inequalities were growing in the 1980s and 1990s and next, mixed trends prevailed, with the exception of fast growth in the incomes of 1% top richest households. In spite of the fact that the expansion of knowledge-based economy has begun in the same time as income inequality growth, there are no direct connection between these two phenomena. The intermediary factor is financial capitalism. Innovations created in new economy (ICT) encourage the development of financial capitalism and quick growth of 1% of the highest incomes. The social importance of inequality growth is very low. The growth of income inequalities very slightly changes the evaluation of the existing income inequalities. The increase of salary inequality has not diminished work motivation in European enterprises. The growth of financial capitalism has encouraged growth of venture capital investment in sectors of knowledge-based economy.
Globalna strategia Unii Europejskiej: refleksja konstruktywistyczna
Authors: Tereszkiewicz Filip
Published: May 2019

European Union Global Strategy: a Constructivist ReflectionThis paper examines the potential of a constructivist approach in analysing the European Union’s security strategy area. It focuses on the new EU Global Strategy (EUGS), which was adopted by the Council at the end of June 2016. First, the methodology is explained, followed by discussing the consequence of using the document’s language for EU identity. The paper then focuses on the new title of the strategy that shows a new approach to security strategies within the European External Action Service’s staff. The consequences of building a narrative about the “threatened” but also “needed” and “influential” European Union are underlined here. Furthermore, the new role of the EU in the international scene is described, focusing on the shift from the EU as a civilian power to the EU as a normal power, with an emphasis on the importance of the preservation of the EU as a normative power. The conclusions from using a constructivist approach to examine the EUGS are then presented, which show that mechanisms of the logics of appropriateness, consequence, and persuasion are observed within the document. Moreover, the language of the EUGS could have an influence on EU identity and role on the global stage. The constructivist approach proves that the EU external actions are continuously under construction, and the EUGS is the next step in achieving a more coherent and effective European foreign and security policy.
Miejsce straceń obywateli polskich w Glinniku‑Przegorzałach w Krakowie w latach 1939‑1944 – przegląd źródeł
Authors: Rolińska Justyna
Published: May 2019

The Mass Executions of Poles in Glinnik‑Przegorzały in Krakow during the German Occupation of 1939–1944: An Overview of SourcesDuring the German occupation of Krakow in 1939‑1945, mass executions were among the methods used to exterminate Poles and the members of other ethnic groups. One of the sites of the largest such crimes was Glinnik, situated in a former clay quarry in Przegorzały, which at the time was part of Krakow’s western suburbs. The exact number of victims and their names remain unknown, while the place itself has been neglected. A recent historiographical debate has been initiated as a result of efforts to grant Glinnik the status of a war cemetery and because of disagreement between researchers and the victims’ families. This article aims to give an overview of the available historical sources and previous statements. With regards to the lack of proper documentation of the occupying German police administration, the main sources are materials collected in the case that has since 1945 been investigated by the Main Commission for the Prosecution of the Nazi Crimes in Poland and is currently investigated by the Institute of National Remembrance. Since 2015, they may be new perspectives on this research as a result of the archaeological excavations conducted in this area, but the excavated artifacts are still under study.
Recommending Products When Consumers Learn Their Preference Weights
Authors: Dzyabura Daria , Hauser John R.
Published: May 2019

Consumers often learn the weights they ascribe to product attributes (“preference weights”) as they search. For example, after test driving cars, a consumer might find that he or she undervalued trunk space and overvalued sunroofs. Preference-weight learning makes optimal search complex because each time a product is searched, updated preference weights affect the expected utility of all products and the value of subsequent optimal search. Product recommendations, which take preference-weight learning into account, help consumers search. We motivate a model in which consumers learn (update) their preference weights. When consumers learn preference weights, it may not be optimal to recommend the product with the highest option value, as in most search models, or the product most likely to be chosen, as in traditional recommendation systems. Recommendations are improved if consumers are encouraged to search products with diverse attribute levels, products that are undervalued, or products for which recommendation-system priors differ from consumers’ priors. Synthetic data experiments demonstrate that proposed recommendation systems outperform benchmark recommendation systems, especially when consumers are novices and when recommendation systems have good priors. We demonstrate empirically that consumers learn preference weights during search, that recommendation systems can predict changes, and that a proposed recommendation system encourages learning.

The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2018.1144 .
Informed Options Trading Prior to Takeover Announcements: Insider Trading?
Authors: Augustin Patrick , Brenner Menachem , Subrahmanyam Marti G.
Published: May 2019

We quantify the pervasiveness of informed trading activity in target companies’ equity options before the announcements of 1,859 U.S. takeovers between 1996 and 2012. About 25% of all takeovers have positive abnormal volumes, which are greater for short-dated, out-of-the-money calls, consistent with bullish directional trading before the announcement. Over half of this abnormal activity is unlikely due to speculation, news and rumors, trading by corporate insiders, leakage in the stock market, deal predictability, or beneficial ownership filings by activist investors. We also examine the characteristics of option trades litigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for alleged illegal insider trading. Although the characteristics of such trades closely resemble the patterns of abnormal option volume in the U.S. takeover sample, we find that the SEC litigates only about 8% of all deals in it.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
SEMANA ACADÊMICA DO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA: MEMES EM PROL DA INFÂNCIA PARA CRITICAR O CONSUMISMO
Authors: De Oliveira Edna Araujo dos Santos , Cerny Roseli Zen
Published: May 2019

Esse relato apresenta as experiências desenvolvidas no primeiro semestre de 2018, na III Semana Acadêmica da Pedagogia, com acadêmicos  do curso de Pedagogia a Distância do ************, da Universidade **********. Os encontros presenciais aconteceram na modalidade de oficinas que foram ofertadas pelos professores da casa e seu objetivo nuclear foi o de aprofundar a discussão em torno dos temas Contemporâneos da Educação Infantil, tendo em vista explorar com os(as) educandos(as) uma compreensão crítica do ato estudar e do fazer docente na modalidade a distância. Neste sentido, as oficinas foram planejadas em alguns momentos didáticos: reunião coletiva, sala de aula no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle e encontro presencial em cada polo/turma, cujos desdobramentos em termos de ensino-aprendizagem são detalhados neste texto. O foco do relato será sobre a oficina “Consumo e Infância”, cujo trabalho se desdobrou no espectro da cultura digital e a avaliação da aprendizagem foi aferida com a teoria de Recouer com a elaboração de memes educativos. Acreditamos que este relato possa ser útil para a divulgação do trabalho que tem sido realizado na universidade, mostrando que a educação a distância pode ser feita com qualidade e tem um grande potencial a ser desenvolvido.
A ETNOGRAFIA DA ESCOLA: ENTRELAÇANDO VOZES, SUJEITOS CONHECIMENTOS E CULTURAS
Authors: Borges Luís Paulo Cruz , De Castro Paula Almeida
Published: May 2019

A relação dos sujeitos da escola com o conhecimento e a cultura, analisados na perspectiva etnográfica, constitui o tema deste artigo. Tal relação está pautada pelo binômio cultura-conhecimento diante do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Propõe-se, então, estudar e investigar com a perspectiva etnográfica, qual o papel da escola diante do conhecimento e da cultura, a partir das vozes dos seus próprios sujeitos. Refletir sobre a diversidade das práticas cotidianas de sala de aula pelo olhar da etnografia e das vozes de seus sujeitos possibilita configurar novas dimensões para a educação pública, contribuindo, sobremaneira, para o enfretamento do fracasso escolar. Pelos usos da observação participante, do diário de campo, de entrevistas etnográficas e de produção textual buscou-se compreender holisticamente como ocorre a relação entre sujeitos e conhecimento na escola pública mediada pela dimensão cultural. Por fim, propusemos uma discussão crítico-reflexiva sobre os saberes e fazeres percebidos a partir dos sentidos atribuídos pelos sujeitos da educação à ação pedagógica tomando a etnografia como abordagem teórica-metodológica possível de fazer emergir as vozes silenciadas presentes no contexto escolar.
Ciberleitura na educação básica: realidade possível?
Authors: Oliveira Bruna Rafaela Evangelista , Ribeiro Mayra Rodrigues Fernandes
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre a leitura na cibercultura com base em uma pesquisa desenvolvida na Escola Estadual Antônio Gomes. Tem como objetivo mobilizar dispositivos de leitura que potencializem os multiletramentos de alunos do 5º ano do ensino fundamental. Para o desenvolvimento desse estudo trazemos a pesquisa-formação na cibercultura (SANTOS, 2014) com a concepção de uma pesquisa que se faz em ato, junto com o sujeito, na relação cidade-ciberespaço. Inspiramo-nos na abordagem multirreferencial (ARDOINO, 1998) na qual tecemos as redes de formação juntos com os sujeitos, construindo um olhar plural dos processos formativos, implicados como sujeitos-atores-autores em formação. Nesse processo nos afastamos de uma concepção de ciência que enquadra os conhecimentos em um padrão pré-definido e nos aproximamos de um “rigor outro” (MACEDO; GALEFFI; PIMENTEL, 2009), que considera as heterogeneidades dos sujeitos como parte do processo formativo e a diferença como potência na construção do conhecimento. A cibercultura entra assim como contexto que situa a pesquisa em uma cultura que faz parte do cotidiano, e como espaço de produção de conhecimento. Como metodologia apresentamos a leitura na cibercultura, os diálogos com professores e alunos e os dispositivos mobilizados para a potencialização das práticas de leitura. Concluímos que as práticas de leituras com uso das tecnologias digitais não são uma solução linear para os problemas de aprendizagens de leitura e escrita na escola, mas quando mediadas e intencionais possibilitam uma motivação e uma melhora gradativa na comunicação e produção de textual pelos alunos da educação básica.
Heart failure: support at the end of life
Authors: Mendes Aysha
Published: May 2019

Aysha Mendes, Editor, British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, begins a series on cardiology with a look at attitudes to and guidelines on providing end-of-life care for people with heart failure
Nursing strategies to reduce the risk of therapeutic obstinacy in artificial nutrition
Authors: Afonso Tânia dos Santos , Veludo Filipa , Sousa Patrícia Pontífice
Published: May 2019

Background:

Nurses have an important role in maintaining a patient's nutrition near the end of life.

Aims:

To define nursing nutrition strategies with the person near the end of life and their families; systematise the elements to be considered in artificial nutrition decision-making and evaluate the nursing interventions' influence on therapeutic obstinacy risk.

Methods:

A sample of 11 articles were selected and the results considered strategies to promote oral feeding before artificial nutrition; the follow-up of the health-disease process by nurses and described the nurse's role as a privileged patient advocate in the defence of the ethical principles of decision-making. These principles consider symptomatology, prognosis, psychology and the emotional significance of nutrition.

Conclusion:

Nurses are qualified professionals with a critical role in the patient's care due to the proximity they have with the patient; the evidence seems to show a relationship between nursing interventions and the reduction of the risk of therapeutic obstinacy; however, there are no studies in this specific area.
Book Reviews
Authors: Morrison James C.
Published: May 2019

Utopia Is Creepy: And Other Provocations, Nicholas Carr (2016)

New York: W. W. Norton, 360 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-39325-454-9, h/bk, $26.95,

ISBN 978-0-39335-474-4, p/bk, $16.95

The Glass Cage: How Our Computers Are Changing Us, Nicholas Carr (2015)

New York: W. W. Norton, 288 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-39335-163-7, p/bk, $16.95

The Glass Cage: Automation and Us, Nicholas Carr (2014)

New York: W. W. Norton, 288 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-39324-076-4, h/bk, $26.95

The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, Nicholas Carr (2010)

New York: W. W. Norton, 288 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-39307-222-8, h/bk, $26.95,

ISBN 978-0-39333-975-8, p/bk, $15.95

The Big Switch; Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google, Nicholas Carr (2008)

New York: W. W. Norton, 224 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-39306-228-1, h/bk, $26.95,

ISBN 978-0-39334-522-3, p/bk, $16.95

Does IT Matter?: Information Technology and the Corrosion of Competitive Advantage, Nicholas G. Carr (2004)

Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 193 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-59139-444-9, h/bk, $26.95
The ecology of communities in schools, businesses, societies and ecosystems
Authors: Bloom Jeffrey W.
Published: May 2019

This article explores of the notion of community from a transcontextual perspective that includes the contexts of ecology, schooling, business, society and culture. Critical aspects of communities include diversity, relationships, interdependency, organization as hierarchy or holarchy, identity, epistemology or meaning and participation or function. The article also examines the healthy functioning of communities and how the pathological patterns in relationships can threaten the continuity of communities. In human societies, media and their associated communities play a key role in the flow of information that affects human communities as well as other biological and ecological communities.
Racist discourse in the years of the Greek financial crisis: Evidence from the Greek press
Authors: Lees Christopher , Alfieris Antonis
Published: May 2019

In the wake of Greece’s economic crisis, expressions and acts of racism have become noticeably more prevalent, particularly in light of the rise of the neo-Nazi Golden Dawn party. Two significant topics in public discourse that gave rise to expressions of racism were the amendment of the Greek citizenship law, which came into effect in 2010 and was heavily debated in the run up to the 2012 Greek general elections, as well as the perceived increase in immigration at the start of the refugee crisis. By investigating newspaper articles from Greek newspapers of different political affiliations during the period around the Greek general elections of 2012, we intend to provide examples of how racism was constructed in the language of the press at the time and analyse this against the background of the economic crisis in Greece.
El cine como herramienta estimuladora para estudiantes en el área de la Salud
Authors: D’ottavio Alberto Enrique , García Sánchez José Elías , García Sánchez Enrique
Published: May 2019

Dado que el cine puede ser una herramienta estimuladora para estudiantes de Medicina, que la iniciativa de la Revista de Medicina y Cine se halla en línea con ello y que el área de la Salud comprende prácticas diversas (investigación, docencia y asistencia), este artículo amplía tal influencia promotora a los estudiantes del área de la salud y a sus prácticas.
La visión de la discapacidad en la primera etapa de Disney: Blancanieves y los 7 enanitos, Alicia en el País de las Maravillas y Peter Pan
Authors: Solís García Patricia
Published: May 2019

El cine es un gran promotor de ideas e históricamente ha contribuido a la difusión de una imagen de la discapacidad basada en estereotipos. Este medio resulta especialmente atractivo entre el público infantil por su alto valor de entretenimiento. Son precisamente los niños quienes asimilan como válidas muchas de las imágenes y valores que se transmiten en las películas y que ayudan a formar sus actitudes. En este trabajo se exponen diversos aspectos de la visión de la discapacidad en los personajes de Disney a través de tres películas del período comprendido entre 1937-1953: Blancanieves y los siete enanitos, Alicia en el País de las Maravillas y Peter Pan. Estas tres películas han sido ampliamente difundidas y han marcado a tres generaciones diferentes. Por ello, se hace un análisis  de los personajes con discapacidad que aparecen en estos largometrajes y la imagen de la discapacidad que a través de ellos se proyecta. Se discuten además los estereotipos que perpetúan y la influencia que pueden tener los mismos en el público infantil al cual van dirigidas estas cintas.
Intercambios sobre la filmografía de Thomas Lilti, su incidencia en la formación de médicos cubanos
Authors: García Torres Daniel Sebastián
Published: May 2019

El adiestramiento a médicos empleando la filmografía de Thomas Lilti se erige en un ente facilitador al profesor y al educando de un profundo análisis de la práctica profesional, cuestionar la pertinencia de su encargo y de las instituciones hospitalarias en las que la sociedad deposita la salud individual y colectiva de la población, en este sentido sobresalen filmes como Hipócrates y Un doctor en la campiña exponentes de las situaciones complejas de la vida y de las relaciones humanas.
El primero de la clase (2008): un reto de aceptación social
Authors: Novelo Alcocer Victoria , Janssen Aguilar Reinhard , Lizama Rubio Mario Alberto , Méndez Domínguez Nina Isabel
Published: May 2019

La película El primero de la clase (2008) de Peter Werner, se encuentra basada en la vida de Brad Cohen, que a partir de los 6 años empieza presentar manifestaciones clínicas del síndrome de Tourette. La trama se desarrolla entorno a como Brad vive su día a día con su enfermedad y cómo este logra enfrentar los diversos obstáculos que la sociedad le presenta para lograr su más grande sueño: ser profesor de escuela primaria. Brad es continuamente abusado por parte de sus compañeros, cuenta con profesores intolerantes e incluso tiene un padre muy poco comprensivo, esto debido a que se desconocía que era un portador de Síndrome de Tourette (ST), generando que en un principio se aislara de los demás y no quisiera interactuar con otras personas. Durante el filme observamos como continuamente Brad es víctima del estigma social al no poder comportarse como los demás, derivado del ST, impidiéndole en un principio tener amigos y posteriormente conseguir trabajo. En el presente artículo, ofreceremos una revisión del padecimiento para comprender sus manifestaciones y el modo en el que afectaron la vida de Brad.