bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Structural features and seismotectonic implications of coseismic surface ruptures produced by the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake
Authors: Lin Aiming
Published: March 2017

Field investigations and analyses of satellite images and aerial photographs reveal that the 2016 Mw 7.1 (Mj 7.3) Kumamoto earthquake produced a ∼40-km surface rupture zone striking NE-SW on central Kyushu Island, Japan. Coseismic surface ruptures were characterized by shear faults, extensional cracks, and mole tracks, which mostly occurred along the pre-existing NE-SW-striking Hinagu–Futagawa fault zone in the southwest and central segments, and newly identified faults in the northeast segment. This study shows that (i) the Hinagu–Futagawa fault zone triggered the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake and controlled the spatial distribution of coseismic surface ruptures; (ii) the southwest and central segments were dominated by right-lateral strike-slip movement with a maximum in-site measured displacement of up to 2.5 m, accompanied by a minor vertical component. In contrast, the northeast segment was dominated by normal faulting with a maximum vertical offset of up to 1.75 m with a minor horizontal component that formed graben structures inside Aso caldera; (iii) coseismic rupturing initiated at the jog area between the Hinagu and Futagawa faults, then propagated northeastward into Aso caldera, where it terminated. The 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake therefore offers a rare opportunity to study the relationships between coseismic rupture processes and pre-existing active faults, as well as the seismotectonics of Aso volcano.
Incorporation of Flaxseed Flour as a Dietary Source for ALA Increases Bone Density and Strength in Post‐Partum Female Rats
Authors: Ribeiro Danielle Cavalcante , Pereira Aline D'Avila , de Santana Fernanda Carvalho , Mancini‐Filho Jorge , da Silva Eduardo Moreira , da Costa Carlos Alberto Soares , Boaventura Gilson Teles
Published: March 2017

In women, bone mass undergoes changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period, which has a risk for subsequent development of osteoporosis. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of flaxseed flour in femur quality during post‐weaning of dam rats. After weaning, the rats were divided into control (C, n = 7) and experimental (F, n = 7) groups treated with a diet containing 25 g of flaxseed flour in the lactating period and 15 g in the maintenance period. After 51 days post‐partum, serum hormone, fatty acids composition, bone compartments, computed tomography, and biomechanical analyses were determined. Food intake, length, body mass, hormone analysis, and total bone compartments showed similar results. For biomechanical and computed tomography analysis and fatty acids composition, the F group showed higher maximum force (+12%, p < 0.05), breaking strength (+25%, p < 0.05), rigidity (+17%, p < 0.0001), and femoral head radiodensity (+15%, p < 0.05) and presented lower total polyunsaturated fatty acids (−17%, p < 0.0001) and arachidonic acid (−44%, p < 0.0001) and higher ALA (+695%, p < 0.0001) and EPA (+160%, p < 0.05). Fatty acids composition of flaxseed flour, as well as its protein profile and calcium content, were able to improve the bone quality, which may be associated with lower serum levels of arachidonic acid and higher EPA, showing an anti‐inflammatory profile and increased deposition of organic matrix during the post‐weaning period, and may result in prevention of future osteoporosis.
The Contribution of Drug Overdose to Educational Gradients in Life Expectancy in the United States, 1992–2011
Authors: Ho Jessica Y.
Published: March 2017

Since the mid-1990s, the United States has witnessed a dramatic rise in drug overdose mortality. Educational gradients in life expectancy widened over the same period, and drug overdose likely plays a role in this widening, particularly for non-Hispanic whites. The contemporary drug epidemic is distinctive in terms of its scope, the nature of the substances involved, and its geographic patterning, which influence how it impacts different education groups. I use vital statistics and National Health Interview Survey data to examine the contribution of drug overdose to educational gradients in life expectancy from 1992–2011. I find that over this period, years of life lost due to drug overdose increased for all education groups and for both males and females. The contribution of drug overdose to educational gradients in life expectancy has increased over time and is greater for non-Hispanic whites than for the population as a whole. Drug overdose accounts for a sizable proportion of the increases in educational gradients in life expectancy, particularly at the prime adult ages (ages 30–60), where it accounts for 25 % to 100 % of the widening in educational gradients between 1992 and 2011. Drug overdose mortality has increased more rapidly for females than for males, leading to a gender convergence. These findings shed light on the processes driving recent changes in educational gradients in life expectancy and suggest that effective measures to address the drug overdose epidemic should take into account its differential burden across education groups.
Metabolic network failures in Alzheimer's disease: A biochemical road map
Authors: Toledo Jon B. , Arnold Matthias , Kastenmüller Gabi , Chang Rui , Baillie Rebecca A. , Han Xianlin , Thambisetty Madhav , Tenenbaum Jessica D. , Suhre Karsten , Thompson J. Will , John‐Williams Lisa St. , MahmoudianDehkordi Siamak , Rotroff Daniel M. , Jack John R. , Motsinger‐Reif Alison , Risacher Shannon L. , Blach Colette , Lucas Joseph E. , Massaro Tyler , Louie Gregory , Zhu Hongjie , Dallmann Guido , Klavins Kristaps , Koal Therese , Kim Sungeun , Nho Kwangsik , Shen Li , Casanova Ramon , Varma Sudhir , Legido‐Quigley Cristina , Moseley M. Arthur , Zhu Kuixi , Henrion Marc Y.R. , van der Lee Sven J. , Harms Amy C. , Demirkan Ayse , Hankemeier Thomas , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Saykin Andrew J. , Weiner Michael W. , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima
Published: March 2017

Introduction

The Alzheimer's Disease Research Summits of 2012 and 2015 incorporated experts from academia, industry, and nonprofit organizations to develop new research directions to transform our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and propel the development of critically needed therapies. In response to their recommendations, big data at multiple levels are being generated and integrated to study network failures in disease. We used metabolomics as a global biochemical approach to identify peripheral metabolic changes in AD patients and correlate them to cerebrospinal fluid pathology markers, imaging features, and cognitive performance.

Methods

Fasting serum samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (199 control, 356 mild cognitive impairment, and 175 AD participants) were analyzed using the AbsoluteIDQ‐p180 kit. Performance was validated in blinded replicates, and values were medication adjusted.

Results

Multivariable‐adjusted analyses showed that sphingomyelins and ether‐containing phosphatidylcholines were altered in preclinical biomarker‐defined AD stages, whereas acylcarnitines and several amines, including the branched‐chain amino acid valine and α‐aminoadipic acid, changed in symptomatic stages. Several of the analytes showed consistent associations in the Rotterdam, Erasmus Rucphen Family, and Indiana Memory and Aging Studies. Partial correlation networks constructed for Aβ1–42, tau, imaging, and cognitive changes provided initial biochemical insights for disease‐related processes. Coexpression networks interconnected key metabolic effectors of disease.

Discussion

Metabolomics identified key disease‐related metabolic changes and disease‐progression‐related changes. Defining metabolic changes during AD disease trajectory and its relationship to clinical phenotypes provides a powerful roadmap for drug and biomarker discovery.
Regulating Patient Safety
Authors: Quick Oliver
Published: March 2017

Systematically improving patient safety is of the utmost importance, but it is also an extremely complex and challenging task. This illuminating study evaluates the role of professionalism, regulation and law in seeking to improve safety, arguing that the 'medical dominance' model is ill-suited to this aim, which instead requires a patient-centred vision of professionalism. It brings together literatures on professions, regulation and trust, while examining the different legal mechanisms for responding to patient safety events. Oliver Quick includes an examination in areas of law which have received little attention in this context, such as health and safety law, and coronial law, and contends in particular that the active involvement of patients in their own treatment is fundamental to ensuring their safety.
Knowing Hands
Authors: Rosenbaum David A.
Published: March 2017

Whenever you get dressed, carry objects, write, draw, or gesture, you express knowledge about how to get things done with your hands. Ironically, that knowledge is often difficult to express. Typically you can't say what you know. Still, it would be enormously useful to identify the knowledge underlying manual control. The design of equipment and transportation systems might better anticipate the abilities and limitations of users, and methods of teaching and rehabilitating skills might improve. This book, the first on the cognitive psychology of manual control, uncovers the hidden knowledge that hands express. Organized around key topics in this emerging area, including the role of the will in manual control, illusions concerning hand position sense, and the coordination of manual actions with others, Knowing Hands explains the planning and control of manual actions in everyday life.
Transatlantic Defence Procurement
Authors: Butler Luke R. A.
Published: March 2017

This volume constitutes the first ever attempt to establish a basis for comparative research on defence procurement regulation. For decades there has been repeated emphasis on the extent to which barriers to trade in Europe and the US prevent a more competitive defence market. Transatlantic Defence Procurement offers a first analysis of the potential impact of defence procurement regulation itself as a barrier to trade between the US and EU. Part I examines the external dimension of a new EU Defence Procurement Directive, focusing on its implications for third countries, in particular the US. Part II examines foreign access and treatment under US law. Part III maps a future research agenda that is essential for a more systematic understanding of legal barriers to transatlantic defence trade. The book provides context for future initiatives, ranging from reformed market access arrangements to a Defence Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and beyond.
Material Culture, Power, and Identity in Ancient China
Authors: Wu Xiaolong
Published: March 2017

In this book, Xiaolong Wu offers a comprehensive and in-depth study of the Zhongshan state during China's Warring States Period (476–221 BCE). Analyzing artefacts, inscriptions, and grandiose funerary structures within a broad archaeological context, he illuminates the connections between power and identity, and the role of material culture in asserting and communicating both. The author brings an interdisciplinary approach to this study. He combines and cross-examines all available categories of evidence, including archaeological, textual, art historical, and epigraphical, enabling innovative interpretations and conclusions that challenge conventional views regarding Zhongshan and ethnicity in ancient China. Wu reveals the complex relationship between material culture, cultural identity, and statecraft intended by the royal patrons. He demonstrates that the Zhongshan king Cuo constructed a hybrid cultural identity, consolidated his power, and aimed to maintain political order at court after his death through the buildings, sculpture, and inscriptions that he commissioned.
The Politics of Crisis in Europe
Authors: Cross Mai'a K. Davis
Published: March 2017

The Politics of Crisis in Europe explores the resilience of the European Union in the face of repeated crises perceived to threaten its very existence. While it is often observed after the fact that these crises serve as opportunities for integration, this is the first critical analysis to suggest that we cannot fully understand the nature and severity of these crises without recognising the role of societal reaction to events and the nature of social narratives about crisis, especially those advanced by the media. Through a close examination of the 2003 Iraq crisis, the 2005 constitutional crisis, and the 2010–12 Eurozone crisis, this book identifies a pattern across these episodes, demonstrating how narratives about crises provide the means to openly air underlying societal tensions that would otherwise remain under the surface, impeding further integration.
The Afterlife of John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Authors: Hogan Michael J.
Published: March 2017

In his new book, Michael J. Hogan, a leading historian of the American presidency, offers a new perspective on John Fitzgerald Kennedy, as seen not from his life and times but from his afterlife in American memory. The Afterlife of John Fitzgerald Kennedy considers how Kennedy constructed a popular image of himself, in effect, a brand, as he played the part of president on the White House stage. The cultural trauma brought on by his assassination further burnished that image and began the process of transporting Kennedy from history to memory. Hogan shows how Jacqueline Kennedy, as the chief guardian of her husband's memory, devoted herself to embedding the image of the slain president in the collective memory of the nation, evident in the many physical and literary monuments dedicated to his memory. Regardless of critics, most Americans continue to see Kennedy as his wife wanted him remembered: the charming war hero, the loving husband and father, and the peacemaker and progressive leader who inspired confidence and hope in the American people.
Practical Report on Long-term Disaster Mental Health Services Following the Great East Japan Earthquake: Psychological and Social Background of Evacuees in Sendai City in the Mid- to Long-term Post-disaster Period
Authors: Orui Masatsugu , Harada Shuichiro , Hayashi Mizuho ,   for the Disaster Mental Health Team of the Sendai City Mental Health and Welfare Center
Published: March 2017

Objective

The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, caused unprecedented damage. To address evacuees’ psychosocial issues, our disaster mental health team provided psychosocial support in the form of careful listening and providing information for reconstruction.

Methods

To summarize evacuees’ psychosocial issues, we reviewed records of our daily activities and analyzed factors related to continuation or termination of support. Terminated support was defined as the resolution or improvement of psychological issues relative to the time of initial support.

Results

Based on logistic regression analysis, living in prefabricated temporary housing (odds ratio [OR]: 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.72), a high number of improved stress symptoms (0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99), and higher support frequency (0.84; 95% CI: 0.78-0.90) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of continuing support. Conversely, economic and resettlement issues (2.75; 95% CI: 1.63-4.64) and high numbers of stress symptoms (1.24; 95% CI: 1.06-1.45) were strongly and significantly associated with continuing support, particularly in the mid- to long-term phase following the earthquake (ie, after August 1, 2011). No significant association was found between support status and alcohol problems or disaster-related experiences (eg, loss of family or housing).

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the need to be aware of evacuees’ social issues such as resettlement in the mid- to long-term post-disaster phase. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:439–450)
Why peace endures: an analysis of post-conflict stabilisation
Authors: Caplan Richard , Hoeffler Anke
Published: March 2017

This article is concerned with explaining why peace endures in countries that have experienced a civil armed conflict. We use a mixed methods approach by evaluating six case studies (Burundi, East Timor, El Salvador, Liberia, Nepal, Sierra Leone) and survival analysis that allows us to consider 205 peace episodes since 1990. We find that it is difficult to explain why peace endures using statistical analysis but there is some indication that conflict termination is important in post-conflict stabilisation: negotiated settlements are more likely to break down than military victories. We also consider the impact of UN peacekeeping operations on the duration of peace but find little evidence of their contribution. However, in situations where UN peacekeeping operations are deployed in support of negotiated settlements they do seem to contribute to peace stabilisation.
Rapid discrimination between buffalo and cow milk and detection of adulteration of buffalo milk with cow milk using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with multivariate methods
Authors: Durakli Velioglu Serap , Ercioglu Elif , Boyaci Ismail Hakki
Published: March 2017

This research paper describes the potential of synchronous fluorescence (SF) spectroscopy for authentication of buffalo milk, a favourable raw material in the production of some premium dairy products. Buffalo milk is subjected to fraudulent activities like many other high priced foodstuffs. The current methods widely used for the detection of adulteration of buffalo milk have various disadvantages making them unattractive for routine analysis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the potential of SF spectroscopy in combination with multivariate methods for rapid discrimination between buffalo and cow milk and detection of the adulteration of buffalo milk with cow milk. SF spectra of cow and buffalo milk samples were recorded between 400–550 nm excitation range with Δλ of 10–100 nm, in steps of 10 nm. The data obtained for ∆λ = 10 nm were utilised to classify the samples using principal component analysis (PCA), and detect the adulteration level of buffalo milk with cow milk using partial least square (PLS) methods. Successful discrimination of samples and detection of adulteration of buffalo milk with limit of detection value (LOD) of 6% are achieved with the models having root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 2, 7, and 4%, respectively. The results reveal the potential of SF spectroscopy for rapid authentication of buffalo milk.
Travelling for treatment; does distance and deprivation affect travel for intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the rural setting for head and neck cancer?
Authors: Cosway B , Douglas L , Armstrong N , Robson A
Published: March 2017

Objective:

NHS England has commissioned intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancers from Newcastle hospitals for patients in North Cumbria. This study assessed whether travel distances affected the decision to travel to Newcastle (to receive intensity-modulated radiotherapy) or Carlisle (to receive conformal radiotherapy).

Methods:

All patients for whom the multidisciplinary team recommended intensity-modulated radiotherapy between December 2013 and January 2016 were included. Index of multiple deprivation scores and travel distances were calculated. Patients were also asked why they chose their treating centre.

Results:

Sixty-nine patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences in travel distance (p= 0.53) or index of multiple deprivation scores (p= 0.47) between patients opting for treatment in Carlisle or Newcastle. However, 29 of the 33 patients gave travel distance as their main reason for not travelling for treatment.

Conclusion:

Quantitatively, travel distance and deprivation does not impact on whether patients accept intensity-modulated radiotherapy. However, patients say distance is a major barrier for access. Future research should explore how to reduce this.
More stereotypes, please! The limits of ‘theory of mind’ and the need for further studies on the complexity of real world social interactions
Authors: Andrews Kristin
Published: March 2017

I suggest that the Stereotype Rationality Hypothesis (Jussim 2012) is only partially right. I agree it is rational to rely on stereotypes, but in the complexity of real world social interactions, most of our individuating information invokes additional stereotypes. Despite assumptions to the contrary, there is reason to think theory of mind is not accurate, and social psychology's denial of stereotype accuracy led us toward mindreading/theory of mind – a less accurate account of how we understand other people.
Trustworthiness perception at zero acquaintance: Consensus, accuracy, and prejudice
Authors: Bonnefon Jean-François , Hopfensitz Astrid , Neys Wim De
Published: March 2017

Research on trustworthiness perception from faces has unfolded in a way that is strikingly reminiscent of Jussim's narrative in his 2012 book. Jussim's analysis warns us against overemphasizing evidence about prejudice over evidence about accuracy, when both are scant; and reminds us to hold all accounts to the same standards, whether they call on societal biases or true signals.
Perceptions versus interpretations, and domains for self-fulfilling prophesies
Authors: Church Jennifer
Published: March 2017

I suggest two ways in which Jussim's extensive discussion (in his 2012 book) could be enriched: first, by exploring the distinction between perceptual judgments and interpretive judgments; second, by considering the power of expectations to be self-fulfilling in the case of young children and the case of fragile egos.
An evolutionary approach to accuracy in social perception
Authors: Little Anthony C.
Published: March 2017

An evolutionary approach highlights that accuracy should be expected over error because selection pressures will have shaped social perception to be functional. Behaviour is extremely complex and so it is unlikely that observers will be perfectly accurate, but an evolutionary view strongly predicts that people will behave as rational observers and in many cases social perception should favour adaptive responses.
Why would we expect the mind to work that way? The fitness costs to inaccurate beliefs
Authors: Marczyk Jesse
Published: March 2017

An adaptationist analysis of beliefs yields the prediction that we ought to expect accuracy in the cognitive systems which generate them – stereotypes or otherwise – for the most part. There are, however, some limited situations in which some inaccuracy in beliefs advertised to others might be adaptive.
Stereotypes violate the postmodern construction of personal autonomy
Authors: Martin Chris C.
Published: March 2017

Individual autonomy, as constructed in the postmodern era, is violated by stereotypes, which makes stereotype accuracy morally unpalatable. Yet people are clustered and homogenized by social forces, entailing some accuracy in stereotypes. This tension can be ameliorated by unveiling the constructed nature of autonomous selfhood, and explaining why social clustering has occurred and been adaptive.
The social neuroscience of biases in in-and-out-group face processing
Authors: Terbeck Sylvia
Published: March 2017

The validity and reliability of stereotypes in social perception confirms traditional early social psychological research. Already in 1954 Gordon Allport stated that stereotypes might have a “kernel of truth.” Recent research in social neuroscience, however, contradicts Lee Jussims’ (2012) claim that the application of stereotypes increases accuracy in person perception. Person perception is inaccurate as it is insufficient when it involves only one factor (even if that factor was a reliable predictor).
There is more to memory than inaccuracy and distortion
Authors: Wagoner Brady
Published: March 2017

Exaggerated claims about inaccuracy and downplaying veracity can also be found in research on memory. This commentary on Jussim's 2012 book analyzes these developments in connection with schema and the misinformation effect's purported role in memory distortion. It concludes by looking back to the locus classicus of memory distortion (viz. Bartlett 1932), which in fact provides a more nuanced account of inaccuracy.
Two faces of social-psychological realism
Authors: Wilson Nicholas Hoover , Huang Julie Y.
Published: March 2017

This commentary places Jussim (2012) in dialogue with sociological perspectives on social reality and the political-academic nature of scientific paradigms. Specifically, we highlight how institutions, observers, and what is being observed intersect, and discuss the implications of this intersection on measurement within the social world. We then identify similarities between Jussim's specific narrative regarding social perception research, with noted patterns of scientific change.
Attention and memory benefits for physical attractiveness may mediate prosocial biases
Authors: Becker David Vaughn
Published: March 2017

Mating motivations can explain attractiveness benefits, but what proximate mechanisms might serve as efficient causes of these biases? There is growing evidence that visual cues of physical attractiveness capture attention and facilitate memory, enhancing salience in ways that could underlie, for example, preferring one job applicant over another. All of these effects beg deeper questions about the meaning of attractiveness.
Omitted evidence undermines sexual motives explanation for attractiveness bias
Authors: LaFrance Marianne , Eagly Alice H.
Published: March 2017

This commentary makes three points: (1) the existing evidence does not consistently favor the proposed sex difference in attractiveness preferences, nor the fitness-related outcomes of attractiveness; (2) the neglected association of perceived attractiveness and trustworthiness allowed the authors to incorrectly attribute many findings solely to attractiveness, and (3) the importance accorded attractiveness in mate preferences is culturally shaped and likely evolutionarily novel.
The out-of-my-league effect
Authors: Lec Fabrice Le , Alexopoulos Theodore , Boulu-Reshef Béatrice , Fayant Marie-Pierre , Zenasni Franck , Lubart Todd , Jacquemet Nicolas
Published: March 2017

When taking into account the chances of success, strategic mating motivations do imply a bias not toward the most attractive individuals, but toward average or mildly attractive individuals, undermining the explanation of Maestripieri et al. at a fundamental level. This leaves open the possibility of alternative explanations and calls for a full-fledged explicit model of courtship behavior.
What does evolutionary theory add to stereotype theory in the explanation of attractiveness bias?
Authors: Maguire Kirby Q. , Racine Timothy P.
Published: March 2017

Maestripieri et al. seem to put forth an argument in which they become vulnerable to some of the same criticisms that they level against stereotype theory As a result, the explanatory utility of their account of attractiveness bias comes into question, and it is unclear whether it offers anything superior to stereotype theory in conceptual soundness.
Just My Imagination: Beauty premium and the evolved mental model
Authors: Oda Ryo
Published: March 2017

Imagination, an important feature of the human mind, may be at the root of the beauty premium. The evolved human capacity for simulating the real world, developed as an adaptation to a complex social environment, may offer the key to understanding this and many other aspects of human behavior.
Prosocial behavior as sexual signaling
Authors: Roberts Gilbert
Published: March 2017

Maestripieri et al. provide an important service in highlighting prosocial biases toward attractive people from a cross-disciplinary perspective. Here I comment on the conceptual and critical side of their review of evolutionary psychology studies. I propose that further work should be focused on understanding the role of signaling in prosocial behavior.
The wolf will live with the lamb
Authors: Ronay Richard , Tybur Joshua M.
Published: March 2017

Maestripieri et al. pit evolutionary psychology against social psychological and economic perspectives in a winner-take-all empirical battle. In doing so, they risk positioning evolutionary psychology as an antagonistic subdisciplinary enterprise. We worry that such a framing may exacerbate tensions between “competing” scientific perspectives and limit evolutionary psychology's potential to serve as a unifying core theory.
The nature and extent of terrestrial protected area coverage on the UK's Overseas Territories
Authors: WILKINSON NICHOLAS I. , HALL JONATHAN G. , VICKERY JULIET A. , BUCHANAN GRAEME M.
Published: March 2017

Signatories to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) agreed to the effective protection of at least 17% of the terrestrial environment by 2020 (Aichi Target 11). Here, we assess the coverage of terrestrial protected areas (land protected by legislation) on the UK's Overseas Territories. These 14 Territories are under the sovereignty of the UK, a signatory of the CBD, and are particularly biodiverse. Eight Territories have protected areas covering 17% or more of their land, but the extent of protection across these Territories as a whole is low, with only 4.8% of this land designated as protected. This protection covered 51% of sites already identified as of conservation importance (Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas), although only 8% of the area of these sites was protected. The expansion of effective protection to meet the 17% target provides an opportunity to capture the most important sites for conservation. Locally led designation will require an improvement in knowledge of the distribution and density of species. This, together with measures to ensure that the protection is enforced and effective, will require provision of resources. This should be seen as an investment in the UK meeting its obligations to Aichi Target 11.
The Relationship between Adolescent Rumination and Maternal Rumination, Criticism and Positivity
Authors: Douglas Jessica L. , Williams Deirdre , Reynolds Shirley
Published: March 2017

Background: Rumination predicts depression in adults and adolescents. The development of rumination has been linked to parenting practices, but only limited research has investigated this and research has tended to rely on self-report parenting measures. Aims: To investigate the relationship between female adolescent rumination and maternal modelling, criticism and positivity using an observational measure of parental behaviour. Method: A cross-sectional design was used. Daughters aged 16–18 years and their mothers (n = 154 dyads) completed questionnaire measures of rumination and affect. Mothers of girls with rumination scores in the upper and lower quartile (both n = 26) also completed the Five Minute Speech Sample, which was used to measure maternal criticism and positivity. Results: Mothers of low rumination girls made significantly more positive comments about their daughters than the mothers of high ruminators. Mothers made very few critical comments. Self-reported rumination was not correlated in mothers and daughters, suggesting a lack of support for the potential role of modelling. Conclusion: Overall, low maternal positivity was associated with rumination in female adolescents. There was no evidence that maternal rumination or criticism were associated with adolescent rumination. The results suggest a number of implications for future research, including the need for prospective longitudinal studies using observational parenting measures.
New Atom Probe Tomography Reconstruction Algorithm for Multilayered Samples: Beyond the Hemispherical Constraint
Authors: Rolland Nicolas , Vurpillot François , Duguay Sébastien , Mazumder Baishakhi , Speck James S. , Blavette Didier
Published: March 2017

Accuracy of atom probe tomography measurements is strongly degraded by the presence of phases that have different evaporation fields. In particular, when there are perpendicular interfaces to the tip axis in the specimen, layers thicknesses are systematically biased and the resolution is degraded near the interfaces. Based on an analytical model of field evaporated emitter end-form, a new algorithm dedicated to the 3D reconstruction of multilayered samples was developed. Simulations of field evaporation of bilayer were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the new algorithm. Compared to the standard state-of-the-art reconstruction methods, the present approach provides much more accurate analyzed volume, and the resolution is clearly improved near the interface. The ability of the algorithm to handle experimental data was also demonstrated. It is shown that the standard algorithm applied to the same data can commit an error on the layers thicknesses up to a factor 2. This new method is not constrained by the classical hemispherical specimen shape assumption.
TWO-SIDED SHIFT SPACES OVER INFINITE ALPHABETS
Authors: GONÇALVES DANIEL , SOBOTTKA MARCELO , STARLING CHARLES
Published: March 2017

Ott, Tomforde and Willis proposed a useful compactification for one-sided shifts over infinite alphabets. Building from their idea, we develop a notion of two-sided shift spaces over infinite alphabets, with an eye towards generalizing a result of Kitchens. As with the one-sided shifts over infinite alphabets, our shift spaces are compact Hausdorff spaces but, in contrast to the one-sided setting, our shift map is continuous everywhere. We show that many of the classical results from symbolic dynamics are still true for our two-sided shift spaces. In particular, while for one-sided shifts the problem about whether or not any$M$-step shift is conjugate to an edge shift space is open, for two-sided shifts we can give a positive answer for this question.
-CARLESON MEASURES AND MULTIPLIERS BETWEEN BERGMAN–ORLICZ SPACES OF THE UNIT BALL OF
Authors: SEHBA BENOÎT F.
Published: March 2017

We define the notion of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$-Carleson measures, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$ is either a concave growth function or a convex growth function, and provide an equivalent definition. We then characterize $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$-Carleson measures for Bergman–Orlicz spaces and use them to characterize multipliers between Bergman–Orlicz spaces.
Glyphosate-Resistant Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Nebraska: Confirmation and Response to Postemergence Corn and Soybean Herbicides
Authors: Ganie Zahoor A. , Jhala Amit J.
Published: March 2017

Common ragweed is an important broadleaf weed in agronomic crops in the northcentral United States. A common ragweed biotype in glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean production field in southeast Nebraska was not controlled after sequential applications of glyphosate at the labeled rate. The objectives of this study were to confirm GR common ragweed in Nebraska by quantifying the level of resistance in greenhouse and field whole-plant dose-response studies and to evaluate the response of the putative GR common ragweed to POST corn and soybean herbicides. Greenhouse whole-plant dose-response studies confirmed 7- and 19-fold resistance to glyphosate compared to the known glyphosate-susceptible (GS) biotype based on biomass reduction and control estimates, respectively. Field dose-response studies conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the putative GR common ragweed research site suggested that glyphosate doses equivalent to 15- and 40-times the labeled rate (1,260 gaeha–1) were required for 90% control and biomass reduction, respectively. Response of GR common ragweed to POST soybean herbicides in greenhouse studies indicated ≥89% control with acifluorfen, fomesafen, fomesafen plus glyphosate, glyphosate plus dicamba or 2,4-D choline, glufosinate, imazamox plus acifluorfen, and lactofen. POST corn herbicides, including 2,4-D, bromoxynil, diflufenzopyr plus dicamba, glufosinate, halosulfuron-methyl plus dicamba, mesotrione plus atrazine, and tembotrione provided ≥87% control, indicating that POST herbicides with distinct modes of action are available in corn and soybean for effective control of GR common ragweed. Results also suggested a reduced efficacy of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides tested in this study for control of GR and GS biotypes, indicating further research is needed to determine whether this biotype has evolved multiple herbicide resistance.
Interventionen zur Pflegediagnose „Akute Schmerzen“ – Evaluation der schmerzlindernden Pflege bei hospitalisierten Patientinnen und Patienten nach Hüftendoprothesenversorgung im Vergleich zur Pflegedokumentation mittels Q-DIO-Pain: eine Mixed Methods Studie
Authors: Zanon David C. , Gralher Dieter , Müller-Staub Maria
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach einem Hüftgelenksersatz beeinflussen Schmerzen die Rehabilitation. Fragestellung: Wie schätzen Patient(inn)en nach Hüftgelenksersatz die Qualität der erhaltenen Pflegeinterventionen bezüglich „Akuter Schmerzen“, im Vergleich zu den dokumentierten Interventionen ein? Methode: In einem Mixed Methods Design erfolgte am dritten postoperativen Tag eine Patientenbefragung (n = 37) mittels Fragebogen und Numerischer Rating Skala zum Schmerzerleben sowie eine Dokumentenanalyse mithilfe des Messinstruments Q-DIO-Pain. Dieses wurde adaptiert an das validierte Messinstrument „Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes“ (Q-DIO). Die Ergebnisse der Patientenbefragung wurden anschließend mit den Q-DIO-Pain Resultaten verglichen und mittels Interviews vergleichend validiert. Ergebnisse: Die häufigste genannte Schmerzstärke war null (NRS 0 – 10). Bei Bewegungen berichteten 17 – 50 % der Patient(inn)en jedoch über Schmerzstärken von drei und höher, und 11 – 22 % von fünf und höher. Zwischen den von Patient(inn)en angegebenen Interventionen und denjenigen in der Patientenakte zeigten sich, außer einer signifikanten Übereinstimmung bei „Unterstützung, die Medikamente anzupassen“ (n = 32; ICC = 0,111; p = 0,042; CI 95 % 2-seitig), keine signifikanten Übereinstimmungen. Interviews bestätigten, dass viel mehr Maßnahmen zur Pflegediagnose „Akute Schmerzen“ durchgeführt wurden als dokumentiert. Schlussfolgerung: Aufgrund der gefundenen Schmerzwerte bei Mobilisationen empfehlen wir verbesserte Schmerzassessments, Eingehen auf Schmerzen in Bewegungssituationen und die Einführung eines Pflegestandards „Schmerz“.
Scientists Probe the Calm After Solar Storms
Authors: Zastrow Mark
Published: March 2017

In forecasting the effects of solar storms, understanding how they subside—and not just how they arrive—will be crucial.
Endogenous opioids regulate moment-to-moment neuronal communication and excitability
Authors: Winters Bryony L. , Gregoriou Gabrielle C. , Kissiwaa Sarah A. , Wells Oliver A. , Medagoda Danashi I. , Hermes Sam M. , Burford Neil T. , Alt Andrew , Aicher Sue A. , Bagley Elena E.
Published: March 2017

Fear and emotional learning are modulated by endogenous opioids but the cellular basis for this is unknown. The intercalated cells (ITCs) gate amygdala output and thus regulate the fear response. Here we find endogenous opioids are released by synaptic stimulation to act via two distinct mechanisms within the main ITC cluster. Endogenously released opioids inhibit glutamate release through the δ-opioid receptor (DOR), an effect potentiated by a DOR-positive allosteric modulator. Postsynaptically, the opioids activate a potassium conductance through the μ-opioid receptor (MOR), suggesting for the first time that endogenously released opioids directly regulate neuronal excitability. Ultrastructural localization of endogenous ligands support these functional findings. This study demonstrates a new role for endogenously released opioids as neuromodulators engaged by synaptic activity to regulate moment-to-moment neuronal communication and excitability. These distinct actions through MOR and DOR may underlie the opposing effect of these receptor systems on anxiety and fear.
Disentangling the neural correlates of corticobasal syndrome and corticobasal degeneration with systematic and quantitative ALE meta-analyses
Authors: Albrecht Franziska , Bisenius Sandrine , Morales Schaack Rodrigo , Neumann Jane , Schroeter Matthias L.
Published: March 2017

Corticobasal degeneration is a scarce neurodegenerative disease, which can only be confirmed by histopathological examination. Reported to be associated with various clinical syndromes, its classical clinical phenotype is corticobasal syndrome. Due to the rareness of corticobasal syndrome/corticobasal degeneration and low numbers of patients included in single studies, meta-analyses are particularly suited to disentangle features of the clinical syndrome and histopathology. Using PubMed, we identified 11 magnetic resonance imaging studies measuring atrophy in 22 independent cohorts with 200 patients contrasted to 318 healthy controls. The anatomic likelihood estimation method was applied to reveal affected brain regions across studies. Corticobasal syndrome was related to gray matter loss in the basal ganglia/thalamus, frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. In corticobasal degeneration patients, atrophy in the thalamus, frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes were found. Finally, in a conjunction analysis, the bilateral thalamus, the bilateral posterior frontomedian cortex, posterior midcingulate cortex and premotor area/supplementary motor area, and the left posterior superior and middle frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus were identified as areas associated with both, corticobasal syndrome and corticobasal degeneration. Remarkably, atrophy in the premotor area/supplementary motor area and posterior midcingulate/frontomedian cortex seems to be specific for corticobasal syndrome/corticobasal degeneration, whereas atrophy in the thalamus and the left posterior superior and middle frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus are also associated with other neurodegenerative diseases according to anatomic likelihood estimation method meta-analyses. Our study creates a new conceptual framework to understand, and distinguish between clinical features (corticobasal syndrome) and histopathological findings (corticobasal degeneration) by powerful data-driven meta-analytic approaches. Furthermore, it proposes regional-specific atrophy as an imaging biomarker for diagnosis of corticobasal syndrome/corticobasal degeneration ante-mortem.
Serotonergic stimulation induces nerve growth and promotes visual learning via posterior eye grafts in a vertebrate model of induced sensory plasticity
Authors: Blackiston Douglas J. , Vien Khanh , Levin Michael
Published: March 2017

The major goal of regenerative medicine is to repair damaged tissues and organ systems, thereby restoring their native functions in the host. Control of innervation by re-grown or implanted structures, and integration of the nascent nerves into behavioral/cognitive programs of the host, remains a critical barrier. In the case of sensory organs, this is particularly true, as afferent neurons must form connections with the host to communicate auditory, visual, and tactile information. Xenopus embryos and tadpoles are powerful models for such studies, as grafting techniques allow for the creation of eyes and other sensory structures along the body axis, and the behavior of the resulting organism can be quantitatively analyzed. Previous work has demonstrated that ectopic eyes could be grafted in blinded tadpoles, allowing some of the animals to learn in a simple light-preference assay. Here, we show that it is possible to improve the efficiency of the process in the context of a novel image-forming vision assay, using a drug already approved for human use. Innervation of the host by ectopic eyes can be increased by targeting a serotonergic signaling mechanism: grafts treated with a 5-HT1B/D agonist strongly innervate the recipient compared with untreated grafts, without large-scale disruption of the host nervous system. Blind animals possessing eye grafts with the augmented innervation demonstrate increased performance over untreated siblings in wavelength-based learning assays. Furthermore, treated animals also exhibit enhanced visual pattern recognition, suggesting that the increased innervation in response to 5-HT1B/D activation leads to enhanced functional integration of the ectopic organ with the host central nervous system and behavioral programs. These data establish a model system and reveal a new roadmap using small molecule neurotransmitter drugs to augment innervation, integration, and function of transplanted heterologous organs in regenerative medicine.
Elevated COX-2 Expression Promotes Angiogenesis Through EGFR/p38-MAPK/Sp1-Dependent Signalling in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Hu Hai , Han Ting , Zhuo Meng , Wu Lei-lei , Yuan Cuncun , Wu Lixia , Lei Wang , Jiao Feng , Wang Li-Wei
Published: March 2017

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was stated to be overexpression in various human malignancies associating with angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistence. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease displaying many of these characteristics. A common abnormality of PDAC is overexpression of specificity protein-1 (Sp1), which was said to correlate with malignant phenotypes of human cancers. Using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found that Sp1 expression was positively correlated with that of COX-2 in PDAC, and that the inhibition or overexpression of Sp1 in PDAC cells leads to decreased or elevated COX-2 expression. Luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that elevated transcription of COX-2 requires Sp1 binding to sequence positions around −245/−240 of COX-2 promoter. Activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) were also profoundly altered in PDAC. The inhibition of EGFR/p38-MAPK signaling resulted in reduced Sp1 activation, decreased COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Thus, Sp1 could transcriptionally activate COX-2 expression in a process relies on activated EGFR/p38-MAPK signaling. Finally, we found that the inhibition of COX-2 leads to decreased angiogenesis in a process dependent on VEGF, which link COX-2 to angiogenesis in PDAC.
Functional insights into aberrant brain responses and integration in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation
Authors: Zhang Bing , Lu Jiaming , Xia Jiadong , Wang Fangfang , Li Weiping , Chen Fei , Han Youfeng , Chen Yun , Zhu Bin , Qing Zhao , Zhang Xin , Dai Yutian
Published: March 2017

Even though lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) is highly prevalent, few studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying PE. The extent and pattern of brain activation can be determined through a version of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with erotic picture stimuli (task fMRI) and a resting-state fMRI (rs fMRI). We showed that the brain activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus and left insula was decreased both during the task and in the resting state, while there was higher activation in the right middle temporal gyrus during the task. Higher functional connectivity was found in PE between those three brain areas and the bilateral middle cingulate cortex, right middle frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area. Moreover, the brain activity had positive correlation with clinical rating scales, such as intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and the Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation (CIPE). These findings revealed that brain responses and functional integration in certain brain areas are impaired in cases of PE, which was consistently supported by multiple measurements obtained using a task and rs fMRI approach.