bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Groundwater depletion and its implications for rural livelihoods in Zimbabwe
Authors: MADYA FELIX , CHIVANDIRE CHRISTINE , NDEMO NYASHA , MUSARA ENOCK
Published: February 2025

This study critically explores the adverse impacts of groundwater depletion on the livelihoods of people in the rural areas of Zimbabwe. Water is one of the most important aspects of rural livelihoods in Zimbabwe as most of these livelihoods are centred on agriculture. We proffer the argument that, owing to the adverse effects of climate change, water scarcity has become more common in most areas and its effects are being felt and adversely experienced among the livelihoods in various rural settings where the supply of clean water has always been a major problem. This study is based on primary and secondary data with primary data collected through field surveys. Many rural residents were interviewed through questionnaires on how the depletion of water is a major crisis and threat to their livelihoods. Secondary data sources including articles, journals, books, report documents and case studies from various recognised publications. The data was analysed using qualitative techniques and presented using thematic analysis. The findings claim that the depletion of groundwater is a major threat to the livelihoods of the rural population. The reduction of groundwater has led to the abandonment of agricultural livelihoods by the people in Zimbabwe’s rural areas. The depletion of groundwater is a result of continued use with failure to recharge. Due to the chain of reliance on agriculture and crop cultivation in rural areas, most livelihoods are affected by the groundwater crisis. There are no more or less surplus products to trade for other goods or income and those relying on selling labour continue to suffer more and migrate to urban areas for better opportunities thus having an impact on population distribution in rural areas. Lack of other means of acquiring water and outbreak of diseases have a huge influence also on livelihoods. The study concludes that rural livelihoods need to be rethought and ways must be sought of ensuring robust and sustainable rural communities. It is proposed that smart technologies should be used for rural livelihoods.
In Quest of Corporate Governance Best Practices by State-owned Enterprises in Zimbabwe
Authors: MTHOMBENI ADMIRE , SIFILE OBERT , SITHOLE MORGEN , RANGARIRAI MBISI , MUTANDA BRONSON
Published: February 2025

The role played by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the delivery of services in the country remains important but the prevalent volatile economic situation that the country is faced with, warrants an investigation of the practices of these entities as corruption becomes rampant in the economic turmoil. The main aim of the study was to investigate the causes of non-compliance with corporate governance best practices by SOEs in Zimbabwe. The study is premised on the argument that lack of accountability in SOEs has led to corruption and mass compensation at the expense of service delivery. The research adopted a quantitative approach with positivist philosophy, while , cross-sectional survey designs in which data were gathered using a structured questionnaire were used. The study found that the remuneration of non-executive members can moderate corporate governance practices. The study reveals that by appointing remuneration committees that looked into the remuneration of both executive and non-executive directors, firm performance and corporate governance practices were enhanced. The study concludes that ineffective board committees are the main cause of noncompliance with best corporate governance practices.
Educational Technology In Vocational Training Programmes In Zimbabwe
Authors: DHOKURA EUNICE
Published: February 2025

The study centred on the types of educational technology used in vocational training programmes with a primary focus on Zimbabwean vocational training centres (VTCs). The main objective of the study was to identify the types of educational technology in use in vocational training programmes. The study reveals the following educational technology currently in use at VTCs: Synchronous, Asynchronous, Linear Learning, Blended and Collaborative Learning to enhance the learning experience and produce world-class graduates with transportable skills who are ready for work in the technologically developing world. Quantitative data was gathered from students at VTCs, whilst qualitative data was obtained from lecturers and staff also at VTCs, to complement the quantitative data. The research instruments used were questionnaires, interview guides and observation guides. Both probability and non-probability were used. The target population for this study consisted of 3 500 participants drawn from five VCTs. Research concluded that two beliefs, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, have been identified as important user acceptance criteria
Wakadzidzei, Wakadzidzepi, Wakadzidziswa Nani? Reconceptualising 21st Century University Education in Zimbabwe through Modular Learning Approach
Authors: MUNJANGA ANGELA
Published: February 2025

The questions Wakadzidzei? Wakadzidzepi? Wakadzidziswa nani? are critical and essentially influence the activities and focus of many education systems. The introduction of modular learning not only facilitated education following the novel COVID19, but also answers these critical questions on what should matter at the end of any education, what skills and demonstratable knowledge a learner acquired through education, where he/she studied or who taught him/her. This qualitative research examines existing literature on modularisation in a bid to demonstrate the implications of the approach and how it should ideally be implemented vis-à-vis current practice as established through discussions with educators from different universities in Zimbabwe. Literature reveals that the goal of modularisation is theory-practice integration through the impartation of relevant skills and knowledge. The article concludes that challenges, including time constraints, lack of skills and sufficient knowledge among educators on teaching in modular instruction, render the educator poorly equipped for this approach and, in turn, render modularisation ineffective. When effectively and correctly implemented, the question Wakadzidzei? should be the main concern for all education stakeholders as opposed to individual institutions or educators.
Disruption or confusion? A critical analysis of the mineral explosion in Zimbabwe and its implications on rural resilience activities
Authors: Madya Felix , CHIMBARI FREDDY
Published: February 2025

This study critically examines the consequences of mineral explosion in the rural areas in Zimbabwe focusing on how they are affecting or engendering resilience in the basket of various economic activities undertaken in these areas. Rural areas mostly depend on their resilient livelihoods and livelihoods patterns or trajectories for their functionality and sustainability. The social and economic development of rural areas is tethered to the several livelihoods activities undertaken in these areas constitutive of sources of income for the people and constitute a vital element of rural development. Secondary data sources were used to gather data that was analysed and presented in this study in conjunction with mineral explosion and rural resilience in Zimbabwe. The results indicate that every dimension of rural resilience is affected by the explosion of minerals in the rural set-up thus causing rivals, conflicts and violence among the people. Mining on its own is an activity that requires space and happens within the environment thus disrupting the already existing livelihoods and various land uses in the rural areas and negatively affecting the natural environment. Government policies and strategies to govern mining and mining-related activities should not only focus on the benefits arising from mining but also consider the local communities and the ecology that is often ignored due to the greed of money thus the outbreak of misunderstanding and conflict among the people. It can be concluded that in as much as mineral explosion results in economic growth, rural resilience should not be forgotten, as it is an important pillar for the survival of the rural areas. The study recommends the adoption of mitigation measures as a solution for the creation of equilibrium between rural resilience and mineral explosion and mining activities
The Housing Provision and Environmental Protection Dilemma A Cause-Impact Analysis of Urban Housing Development on Harare’s Wetlands
Authors: Mudombi `Tendai P , Chigara Benviolent
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the causes and impacts of urban housing development on wetlands in Harare. Being a local authority, the City of Harare has the mandate to provide housing for its inhabitants and at the same time protect the natural environment such as wetlands that are inherent in the city. Recent trends show that there has been a tradeoff between housing provision and wetlands protection. A qualitative research design, which entailed the use of interviews with town planners and environmentalists was used to gather data for this study. The data was analysed using content analysis. The study results revealed that fragmented legislation, lack of enforcement, deficient wetlands categorisation criteria, political interference, corruption and low wetlands prioritisation were the contributory factors for housing development on wetlands in Harare. Consequently, water retention capacity, flood attenuation strengths, biodiversity supporting services and spatial extent of the wetlands have been greatly affected. However, if these developments continue unabated, the residents of Harare will be affected by a serious water crisis and environmental problems such as flooding.
Reducing Illicit Financial Flows To Boost Domestic Resource Mobilisation For Financing Sustainable Development In Africa
Authors: ZIMUNYA NICOLE , CHIRISA HALLELUAH , MPAHLO RUMBIDZAI , MAGANDE TINASHE , MUKURA TAMUKA
Published: February 2025

Illicit financial flows (IFFs) inhibit African development by draining foreign exchange, reducing domestic resources, stifling trade and macroeconomic stability and worsening poverty and inequality. This study focuses on Africa as a recent assessment revealed that Africa lost between US$1.2 and US$1.3 trillion in illicit outflows over the 32 years, 1980-2012. Of great concern is that these figures are almost four times Africa‘s current external debt and nearly equivalent to its current Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Zimbabwe is not an exception, with IFFs rampant in industries such as mining, especially among artisanal miners who operate clandestinely, avoiding selling their products to the state and evading tax. The rationale for a greater focus on domestic resource mobilisation in Zimbabwe springs from the quest for ever-elusive fiscal consolidation and debt sustainability. However, domestic resource mobilisation cannot succeed without tackling IFFs and other resource leakages through tax evasion and aggressive tax avoidance. According to the Zimbabwe Coalition on Debt and Development (ZIMCODD), the country loses an average of US$276 million annually through IFFs. Motivated by this problem, the study interrogated the challenges and opportunities for curbing these illicit flows to boost domestic resource mobilisation for financing sustainable development in Africa. The study used a desk review and secondary data to explore IFFs and domestic resource mobilisation, with a special focus on the dollarisation period in Zimbabwe. An inadequate regulatory framework, the lack of information and communication technologies facilities, transportation and other relevant infrastructure, , to mention a few, were some of the factors found to be inhibiting the prevention of IFFs. The study concludes that curbing illicit financial flows can help African countries mobilise capital to finance the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other national priorities.
Begging As A Livelihood Strategy A Case Of Street Children Of The Harare Central Business District In Zimbabwe
Authors: Chikoko Witness , Catch Tanatswa
Published: February 2025

There is a dearth of academic studies on begging as a livelihood strategy among street children in the context of austerities. The article problematises begging as one of the livelihood strategies of street children of the Harare Central Business District (CBD) in the face of adversities, induced partly by austerity measures. A qualitative research methodology was adopted to generate data for this study. Resilience theory was adopted to analyse the realities of these children. Research findings suggest that the street children of the Harare Central Business District through begging. The article argues that younger children were more involved in begging as a livelihood strategy as compared to the older ones. The article concludes by lobbying and advocating for full implementation of child rights laws, policies and programmes to reduce risks associated with begging among these children.
Revisiter les pratiques du cours de français et leurs enjeux : enseignement-apprentissage et évaluation des compétences fictionnelles multimodales à travers l’art de la contée
Authors: Couteaux Cécile
Published: February 2025

L’article interroge la possibilité d’un enseignement-apprentissage des compétences fictionnelles multimodales dans une logique de continuité plutôt que de rupture avec les formes traditionnelles de lecture et d’écriture (Lacelle et Lebrun, 2012), ainsi qu’avec les compétences en littératie médiatique multimodale. En vue de l’analyse qualitative d’un projet de contée mené en classe de 6e sont définies des compétences de création fictionnelle multimodale (construire un univers fictionnel singulier; mettre l’histoire en intrigue; articuler les différents modes sémiotiques; développer sa réflexivité). Les productions de trois groupes représentatifs de différents niveaux en français sont ensuite examinées pour cerner les acquisitions des élèves et les limites qui se font jour.
La littératie informationnelle au primaire : étude de cas de lecteur·rices internautes de 6e année
Authors: Pleau Joannie
Published: February 2025

Le présent article décrit une étude de cas multiples qui s’est penchée sur l’interaction des compétences de navigation, d’évaluation et d’intégration au sein d’un processus menant à la compréhension d’informations consultées en ligne, et ce, lors de la réalisation d’une tâche de littératie informationnelle par des lecteur·rices internautes de 6e année. L’étude combine l’entretien direct, la verbalisation de la pensée, l’entretien libre de verbalisation de la compréhension et l’entretien rétrospectif semi-dirigé. Elle permet l’induction d’une mobilisation autorégulée des compétences, en plus de permettre, au départ des convergences et des divergences observées entre les cas, la formulation d’une hypothèse de profils de lecteur·rices internautes.
THE PERCEPTION OF SUSTAINABILITY COMPETENCES IN LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAINS
Authors: Čuček Mateja , Obrecht Matevž , Mlaker Kač Sonja , Pavić Lazar
Published: February 2025

The European Union (EU) has adopted a huge number of guidelines and policies to promote sustainability in different sectors. The study focuses on the twin green and digital transformation, which is particularly highlighted in the context of the European Green Deal, a comprehensive strategy to tackle climate change and environmental degradation while embracing digital innovation for economic growth and societal progress. These guidelines and policies show the EU's commitment to promoting sustainability in different sectors and to achieving the objectives of climate change, environmental protection and sustainable development. One of the areas that plays an important role for the individuals as well as for the economy is logistics and supply chain management. The main research question of this study is to investigate the relationship between the basic sociodemographic characteristics and their perception of the importance of sustainability competences in logistics and supply chains in the future. The study was carried using survey questionnaire on employees in the field of logistics and supply chains in Slovenia. The results show the main statistically significant differences in these perceptions are primary based on differences in employees demographic characteristics, such as gender, age and level of education of the employees.
Perbandingan Konservatif Fisioterapi Dengan Core Stability Exercise Pada Kasus Nyeri Punggung Bawah
Authors:   Institut Teknologi Sains dan Kesehatan Rs. dr. Soepraoen, Malang, Indonesia, Pradita Angria , Halimah Nurul ,   Institut Teknologi Sains dan Kesehatan Rs. dr. Soepraoen, Malang, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

Low back pain is a major complaint caused by multifactorial conditions. The most common factors of low back pain complaints are due to age, occupation and gender. This study aims to compare the differences in therapeutic effects of conservative physiotherapy with the provision of electrotherapy, namely; microwave diathermy combined with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), core stability exercise techniques and a combination of electrotherapy with core stability exercise (CSE). This type of research is quasi experimental with a pre-post test design in a population of 90 low back pain patients who seek treatment at the Physiotherapy clinic. By using purposive sampling technique of 60 patients who have met the exclusion and inclusion criteria, patients were divided into intervention groups, namely; (1) conservative physiotherapy (electrotherapy); (2) core stability exercise; (3) conservative physiotherapy and core stability exercise. Data collection techniques using visual analogue scale (VAS) measurement, and schoober method with analysis test using krusskal wallis. The results of this study showed a difference in the median value of pain of 2 (group 1), 4 (group 2), and 3.5 (group 3) with a P value on pain of 0.06>0.05, and a difference in the median value of muscle flexibility of 1.5 (group 1); 1.75 (group 2); 1.75 (group 3) with a P value showing 0.895. The three intervention groups have no difference in reducing pain and increasing flexibility.
The Development Trend of Belt and Road Initiative in Egypt
Authors:   University of indonesia, Depok, Wu Shuang , Machmudi Yon ,   University of Indonesia, Depok
Published: February 2025

This article discusses three main points: First, Egypt occupies an undoubted central position in the Arab world. Second, in addition to its great regional influence, Egypt also occupies an important geographical position. Egypt is located on the two continents of Europe and Asia, and the Suez Canal in it is an important energy channel for the Indian Ocean to enter Europe and the Mediterranean. Third, China and Egypt have a history of friendly exchanges. Since the drastic changes in the Middle East in 2011, Egypt's national power has gradually weakened. To achieve economic development and social stability, Egypt urgently needs foreign investment. The proposed Belt and Road Initiative provides new development opportunities for China-Egypt cooperation. This article uses literature analysis and case analysis. The result of the study is that close economic cooperation between China and Egypt has promoted Egypt's overall positive development, but political cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries still need to be strengthened.
How Halal Certification and Islamic Ethics Tackle Greenwashing: New Solutions for a Sustainable Economy
Authors:   Universitas Bengkulu, Pratama Muhammad Afif Ryan
Published: February 2025

This research explores the role of halal certification and Islamic ethics in addressing greenwashing within the financial sector. Greenwashing, the practice of exaggerating environmental responsibility, undermines genuine sustainability efforts and trust among consumers and investors. Islamic finance, based on principles of transparency, social justice, and ethical business practices, provides a robust framework to counter such deceptive practices. The study proposes expanding halal certification to incorporate environmental standards, ensuring that companies demonstrate both ethical and sustainable practices. This integrated approach offers a unique solution to combat greenwashing and aligns with broader sustainability goals. By including sustainability in halal certification, the credibility and ethical foundations of Islamic finance can be reinforced. The study highlights the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among financial institutions, regulators, and sustainability experts to promote transparency and accountability, fostering a more sustainable economy.
Imputación objetiva y responsabilidad penal médica
Authors: Bernate Ochoa Francisco
Published: February 2025

Esta obra busca plantear una tesis que permita explicar, de manera sistemática y dogmáticamente fundamentada, la atribución de responsabilidad penal a los profesionales de la salud, a partir del análisis de sentencias de diferentes países, y aplicando la moderna teoría de la imputación objetiva. La presente obra es un tratado de responsabilidad penal médica que explica la teoría de la imputación objetiva, su concepto, fundamentos, corrientes actuales y posibilidades de aplicación, para posteriormente ocuparse de la creación y realización de riesgos, como elementos de la imputación objetiva y aplicar los mismos al ámbito de la responsabilidad médica. Para finalmente presentar la posición de garante del profesional de la salud.
Climate Justice
Authors: Sunstein Cass R.
Published: February 2025

The social cost of carbon: The most important number you've never heard of—and what it means.

If you're injuring someone, you should stop—and pay for the damage you've caused. Why, this book asks, does this simple proposition, generally accepted, not apply to climate change? In Climate Justice, a bracing challenge to status quo thinking on the ethics of climate change, renowned author and legal scholar Cass Sunstein clearly frames what's at stake and lays out the moral imperative: When it comes to climate change, everyone must be counted equally, regardless of when they live or where they live—which means that wealthy nations, which have disproportionately benefited from greenhouse gas emissions, are obliged to help future generations and people in poor nations that are particularly vulnerable.

Invoking principles of corrective justice and distributive justice, Sunstein argues that rich countries should pay for the harms they have caused and that all of us are obliged to take steps to protect future generations from serious climate-related damage. He shows how “choice engines,” informed by artificial intelligence, can enable people to save money and to reduce the harms they produce. The book casts new light on the “social cost of carbon,”—the most important number in climate change debates—and explains how intergenerational neutrality and international neutrality can help all nations, crucially the United States and China, do what must be done.
Immediate Implant Loading After Unsuccessful Orthodontic Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Filho Antônio Ednardo de Souza , Albuquerque Lucas de Araújo , Ottoboni Guilherme Salles , Paiva Calebe Lamonier de Oliveira Costa , Barbosa Júlio César Monteiro , Dantas Joelson Pessoa , Muniz Pedro Teylon Paiva , Frota Jamilly Vitória Souza , Araújo Francisco Danilo Madeira , Bastos Poliana Lima
Published: February 2025

Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe a patient with a history of recent orthodontic treatment and who presented internal resorption and mobility in element 12.
Case Presentation: A 24-year-old female patient with a recent history of orthodontic treatment came to the dentist complaining of mobility in tooth 12. After a tomographic analysis, a large internal resorption was observed in tooth 12 and external resorption in teeth 13, 11, 21, 22 and 23, but without significant mobility. Therefore, it was decided to preserve the teeth that presented external resorptions, but without mobility, and extract tooth 12, due to its critical condition, and install an implant with immediate loading if the torque exceeded 35 N. The implant was placed with a torque of 60 N/cm2.
Discussion: As is evident, one of the greatest advantages of combining the two techniques is the reduction in treatment time, maintenance of the morphology of soft and hard tissues, in addition to obtaining immediate aesthetics, which contributes to good acceptance of the technique by the patients treated.
Conclusion: In this way, it was possible to restore function, aesthetics and quality of life to the patient.
Effects of Persea americana Seed Extract on Lipid Profile, Atherogenic and Coronary Risk Indices in Doxorubicin-injected Male Rats
Authors: Chibueze Ejiogu Ikedichukwu , Chima Maduka Hugh Clifford , Chukwudi Maduka Ignatius
Published: February 2025

Doxorubicin (DOX) can cause disruption in the lipid profile due to free radical process. The health benefits of avocado seeds stem from essential nutrients and phytochemicals. This study aimed to assess the effects of Persea americana seed extract on lipid profile, atherogenic and coronary risk indices in doxorubicin-injected male rats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Group A were control rats. Group B rats received DOX alone in over a 5 weeks period. Group C animals received the DOX treatment plus Vitamin E. Groups D, E and F rats received the DOX treatment plus 400 mg/Kg, 800 mg/Kg and 1200 mg/Kg b.wt of the extract respectively. Animals were sacrificed after the treatment period, and serum lipid profile was evaluated. Atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CRI) were also determined. The results showed that rats given DOX+400 mg/Kg and DOX+1200 mg/Kg b.wt of the extracts were found to be non-significantly lower in LDL (43.54±0.496 and 42.22± 3.399 mg/Kg b.wt respectively) and significantly higher (P = .05) in HDL (51.35±2.888 and 49.02±3.450 mg/dl respectively) value when compared to those of the DOX-test and control groups, indicating enhancement of lipid profile. Moreover, the AI and CRI values of the rats given DOX+400 and DOX+800 mg/kg b.wt of the extract were found to be lower compared to the DOX-test and control groups. The findings of this study suggest that the P. americana extract has anti-dyslipidemic potentials, hence could prevent aberrant lipid metabolism that leads to hypertension.
Seasonal Impacts of Spring Shed Management on Water Quality: Enhancing Water Security in Lathao Village of Namsai District, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Guru Nibedita , Hazarika Prosanta , Gosavi Vaibhav Ecknath
Published: February 2025

The seasonal impacts of spring shed management on water quality play a crucial role in ensuring long-term water security for rural communities. The primary source of freshwater for the local population is the spring water. That was evident in a study conducted for rejuvenation of 5 dying springs of Lathao village Namsai district, Arunachal Pradesh, India during 2020 to 2024. During this period number of interventions such as conical ponds (12), nallah bunds(10), and vegetative measures were implemented for spring shed management. A noticeable result has been observed due to the impact of seasonal variations, together with climate change and land use pattern on water quality and quantity. 
This study investigates key physico-chemical parameters of spring water such as pH, Temperature, TDS, and electrical conductivity to evaluate the effectiveness of spring shed management before and after the interventions on the across different seasons in a cluster of 5 springs.The samples for the chemical analyses were collected at an interval of six months.
Primary results depicted significant improvement in water quality due to spring shed management, particularly during the summer season when water scarcity and contamination risks are high. The obtained results were within the permissible limits of World Health Organization's (WHO) with exception of pH. The pH concentration was below the permissible limit with a mean value of 5.76±0.08 (monsoon), 5.70±0.09 (PrM), and 5.85±0.07 (PoM) in all seasons were mildly acidic. After intervention work, the concentration values for all parameters are increasing. However, no significant inference can be drawn from the chemical analyses of the samples and could be ascertained later with time after having sufficient data. However there has been a notable drop in the levels of Total Hardness (approx 50%) and Calcium concentration (approx 70%) after intervention.
The findings underscore the importance of community-driven and sustainable approaches for managing natural water resources, ensuring that rural populations have reliable access to clean water year-round.
Study by Molecular Docking of the Interactions between Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase and a Series of Inhibitors of Pyrrole Derivatives for the treatment of Malaria
Authors: Adama Niaré , Alex Attia Yapo John , Bernard Djako Akassa Marius , Marius Kambiré Sobamfou , Stéphane Dembélé Georges , Moise Kouadio Assandé , Guy-Richard Koné Mamadou , Fagnidi Yves Kily Hervé , Doh Soro
Published: February 2025

Malaria, although a curable disease, continues to be the most important infectious disease in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. It is a potentially fatal disease caused by parasites transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. This disease affects more than 216 million people and kills a million, mainly children and pregnant women. Anti-malaria therapy finds itself confronted with drug-resistant strains, hence the urgency of finding new targets and new anti-infectious agents. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an essential enzyme for the design of new antimalarial drugs. Using a Computer Aided Molecular Design (CAMD) reaction approach, a series of 17 molecules from the pyrrole family, inhibitors of (DHODH) was designed within the protein (PDB code: 6VTN). These molecules with known \(IC_{50}\) were selected to build an RQSAR model presenting a linear correlation between the Gibbs energy (∆∆G), the complexes formed and the experimental inhibition potential (\(pIC_{50}^{exp}\))  : \(pIC_{50}^{exp}\) = - 0.2909 × ∆∆G + 7.7715 ; R2 = 0,97. we subsequently carried out a study on the catalytic residues (interaction by residue)  in order to exploit the different interactions (enzyme: inhibitor).The predictive power of the QSAR model was validated by the generation of 3D-QSAR pharmacophores (PH4): \(pIC_{50}^{exp}\) = 0.9939 x \(pIC_{50}^{est}\) + 0.0421 ; R2 = 0.92.
Exploring the Urban-Rural Divide in Childhood Obesity: A Comprehensive Study of Socioeconomic, Dietary, and Lifestyle Determinants
Authors: Paul Sandesh , Pandey Rajeev , Mishra Pragya
Published: February 2025

Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern, influenced by various lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. This study explores the prevalence of obesity among urban and rural children and investigates its association with screen time, sleep duration, and parental education levels. The research utilizes a comparative approach to analyse key differences between urban and rural populations, focusing on the interplay of behavioural patterns and environmental factors that contribute to obesity. By examining these variables, the study aims to identify critical determinants of childhood obesity and provide insights for developing effective, location-specific interventions to promote healthier lifestyles among children.
Clinical, Hematological and Biochemical Profile of Dengue Syndromes in Children
Authors: Khatun Habiba , Kabir Farzana , Sultana Afroza , Rahman Shaidur , Rahman Toshiba , Islam Md. Atiqul , Khan Tasnuva
Published: February 2025

Background: Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquito bites with arising global incidence, more commonly afflicting children in endemic countries such as Bangladesh. Among the severe forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), there are hematological and biochemical complications. This study aims to evaluate the clinical, hematological and biochemical predictor of severity in pediatric dengue syndromes with the intention of improved clinical management. 
Methods: A cross sectional analytical study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from April 2019 to March 2020. A total of 350 hospitalized children aged 1 month to 12 years with confirmed dengue positive were included in this study. Descriptive statistics were performed on clinical symptoms, hematological parameters and biochemical markers in order to test corresponding standard significance tests. 
Results: The most common symptoms were high grade fever (93.14%); vomiting (78.86%); abdominal pain (43.14%). 14.85% of DSS cases had severe thrombocytopenia (<20,000 cells/mm³). 13.86 % of DSS cases had elevated hematocrit (>45 %). In severe cases there were biochemical derangements including high SGPT (59.76% in DHF) and prolonged PT (>16 seconds). In DSS 35.15% were hypoproalbuminemic (< 3.0 gm/dl). Expanded dengue syndrome was characterized by hypocalcemia (62.5%) and elevated serum creatinine (25%). 
Conclusion: The clinical and laboratory markers highlighted here for early detection of severe dengue in children will help in early intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters on Shelf Life, Nutritional Value and Antinutritional Factors of Barnyard Millet
Authors: M Raveendra Reddy , Prabhakar Butti , S. Kaleemullah
Published: February 2025

Barnyard millet has been used as food since ages and it is the vital source of highly nutritious macronutrients, micronutrients and nutraceutical constituents. It is important to reinstate the missing interest in millets that desperately need recognition due to its nutritional qualities and substantial health benefits in management of diabetes mellitus, obesity and hyperlipidemia. A number of nations have long grown and utilized barnyard millet as a viable food source. It has been a neglected crop up until now despite the important nutrients and their improved bioaccessibility with different processing procedures. In this study, we employed roasting to extend shelf life, increase in nutrient content, and decrease antinutritional components. To extend the shelf life and increase the bioavailability of vital nutrients, barnyard millet has been roasted at a range of temperatures (between 100°C and 130°C) for a range of times (5, 10, and 15 minutes). Total polyphenols showed bioaccessibility of 8.2%, 9.1% and 9.4% for raw, 105°C for15 minutes and 130°C for 15 minutes roasted at 0 month. Preferably, 130°C for 15 minutes roasted sample showed enhanced shelf life (6 months) and better bioaccessibility of total polyphenols (670 mg/100 g) while nutrient retention is almost similar in all roasted samples.
Unlocking the Potential of Chia Seed: A Comprehensive Review of Its Potential Applications
Authors: Sharma Parul , Kaur Ramandeep
Published: February 2025

Chia, native to Mexico and Guatemala, is now cultivated worldwide and contains 25–39% oil and 16–26% protein and is rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols, making them valuable functional foods. This review explores various methods for extracting chia oil and analyzing its composition and properties. It also highlights the potential use of chia seed by-products in food processing, such as partially defatted chia cake or meal, which can be converted into protein concentrates and phenolic compound extracts for applications in bread, cookies, and pasta. Additionally, chia cake can serve as a fat substitute and stabilize fat-free salad dressings and ice creams, while chia gum from the cake is used in biodegradable films and vegan mayonnaise. Further research is essential to expand the understanding and industrial applications of chia seeds and their derivatives.
Russula deodarae: A New Species of Russula Sect. Ingratae (Russulaceae) from India Based on Morphology and Molecular Data
Authors: Chakraborty Dyutiparna , Ghosh Aniket
Published: February 2025

One new species of Russula, namely Russula deodarae belonging to subg. Heterophyllidiae sect. Ingratae is proposed herein based on its morphological features and nrITS-based phylogenetic inference. Russula deodarae is characterized by brown, light brown to dark brown pileus; chalky white, adnate, subdistant lamellae; chalky white, yellowish white to dingy stipe with blood red base; hymenial cystidia with obtuse-rounded, subcapitate, mucronate or appendiculate apex; basidiospores composed of conical warts and ridges connected to give partial to incomplete reticulum, distinctly amyloid suprahilar plage. The species was found occurring under Cedrus deodara-dominated coniferous forests and is widely foraged by local communities in the region for its gastronomic delicacy. Detailed descriptions accompanied with colour photographs of the basidiomata, illustrations of the main anatomical features, nrITS-based molecular phylogeny and comprehensive comparisons with similar species are also provided.
Incidence and Bacteriological Profile of Surgical Site Infections at Ouakam Military Hospital, Senegal
Authors: Gueye Papa Aly Thiam , Faye Cheikh , Ndoye Aissatou Sow , Engo Pasca Elie , Aïdara Souleymane , Ba Mame Diarra , Mbow Moustapha , Seck Mame Cheikh
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the 3rd most common healthcare-associated infection. In sub-Saharan Africa, treatment is often probabilistic. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of this type of infection at the Ouakam Military Hospital and to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of the bacteria isolated.
Methodology: A prospective, analytical and descriptive study was carried out over 2 years in the medical analysis laboratory department and the surgical departments operating in the same operating theatre. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolated bacteria were performed using the VITEK® 2 COMPACT (BioMérieux) automated system, and statistical analysis was performed using Epi info software (version 7.2.6.0).
Results: The incidence of SSIs was 4.6%. A total of 129 bacterial strains were isolated, including 41.1% Staphylococcus aureus, 24.0% Escherichia coli and 12.4% Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 26.4% of the S. aureus strains were resistant to methicillin and none were resistant to vancomycin. Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was noted in 41.9% of E. coli strains, 50.0% of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and 100.0% of Enterobacter cloacae strains. Only these three bacteria developed carbapénèmases at rates of 3.2%, 10.0% and 66.7% respectively. The rate of P. aeruginosa strains resistant to ceftazidime was 37.5%.
Conclusion: The incidence of SSI is relatively low. However, the alarming rates of resistance suggest rigorous monitoring of antibiotic resistance.
Reflexos das políticas culturais brasileiras nas instituições federais de ensino superior
Authors: Santos Hortência
Published: February 2025

O artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise descritiva das políticas culturais no Brasil e seu reflexo nas Instituições Federais de Educação Superior (Ifes). Focando no período de 2003 a 2016, quando o Ministério da Cultura (MinC) implementou o Sistema Nacional de Cultura (SNC) e o Plano Nacional de Cultura (PNC), o estudo examina como essas políticas fomentaram a organização e o desenvolvimento cultural no ambiente universitário.A metodologia adotada é qualitativa e descritiva, baseada em revisão bibliográfica, para traçar a relação entre as ações governamentais e a resposta das Ifes às adversidades políticas e ideológicas dos governos subsequentes. Os resultados da análise indicam que as políticas culturais governamentais influenciam e moldam o ambiente acadêmico, promovendo a diversidade cultural e o diálogo entre distintos agentes sociais e expressões artístico-culturais.Conclui-se que a interação entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão é fundamental para o intercâmbio entre o ambiente acadêmico e sociedade. Compreender essa dinâmica é crucial para captar o papel das instituições de ensino superior na promoção da integração entre política, cultura e educação, em prol de uma sociedade mais democrática. Além disso, identificam-se os desafios e as oportunidades emergentes nesse contexto em constante transformação, contribuindo para uma visão mais abrangente e atualizada dessa relação.
Association of New-Onset Seizures With SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Authors: Rafati Ali , Jameie Melika , Amanollahi Mobina , Pasebani Yeganeh , Jameie Mana , Kabiri Ali , Montazeri Namin Sara , Sakhaei Delaram , Feizollahi Fateme , Pasebani Mohammad Yazdan , Mohebbi Hossein , Ilkhani Saba , Azadi Mohammadreza , Rahimlou Mehran , Kwon Churl-Su
Published: April 2024

Importance

Seizures have been reported as an adverse effect of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, no study has answered the question of whether there is any association between seizures in the general population and COVID-19 vaccination.

Objective

To evaluate the seizure incidence among SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients compared with those who received a placebo.

Data Sources

A systematic search of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, review publications, editorials, letters to editors, and conference papers, along with the references of the included studies from December 2019 to July 7, 2023.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting seizure incidence with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were included.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

This study is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses framework and used the Mantel-Haenszel method with random- and common-effect models. The risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane assessment tool for RCTs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcome of interest was new-onset seizure incidence proportion compared among (1) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients and (2) placebo recipients.

Results

Six RCTs were included in the study. Results of the pooled analysis comparing the incidence of new-onset seizure between the 63 521 vaccine and 54 919 placebo recipients in the 28-day follow-up after vaccine/placebo injection showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (9 events [0.014%] in vaccine and 1 event [0.002%] in placebo recipients; odds ratio [OR], 2.70; 95% CI, 0.76-9.57; P = .12; I2 = 0%, τ2 = 0, Cochran Q P = .74). Likewise, in the entire blinded-phase period after injection, with a median of more than 43 days, no significant difference was identified between the vaccine and placebo groups regarding incident new-onset seizure (13/43 724 events [0.03%] in vaccine and 5/40 612 [0.012%] in placebo recipients; OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 0.86-6.23, P = .10, I2 = 0%, τ2 = 0, Cochran Q P = .95).

Conclusions and Relevance

According to this systematic review and meta-analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of new-onset seizure incidence between vaccinated individuals and placebo recipients.
Comparison of failure modes and effects analyses and time for brachytherapy ring and tandem applicator digitization between manual and solid applicator source placement methods
Authors: Holtman Adia L. , DiCostanzo Dominic J. , Zimmerman Charles A. , Graeper Gavin , Woollard Jeffrey , Christ Daniel F. , Cetnar Ashley J.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Ring and tandem (R&T) applicator digitization is currently performed at our institution by manually defining the extent of the applicators. Digitization can also be achieved using solid applicators: predefined, 3D models with geometric constraints. This study compares R&T digitization using manual and solid applicator methods through Failure Modes and Effects Analyses (FMEAs) and comparative time studies. We aim to assess the suitability of solid applicator method implementation for R&T cases

Methods

Six qualified medical physicists (QMPs) and two medical physics residents scored potential modes of failure of manual digitization in an FMEA as recommended by TG‐100. Occurrence, severity, and detectability (OSD) values were averaged across respondents and then multiplied to form combined Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs) for analysis. Participants were trained to perform treatment planning using a developed solid applicator protocol and asked to score a second FMEA on the distinct process steps from the manual method. For both methods, participant digitization was timed. FMEA and time data were analyzed across methods and participant samples

Results

QMPs rated the RPNs of the current, manual method of digitization statistically lower than residents did. When comparing the unique FMEA steps between the two digitization methods, QMP respondents found no significant difference in RPN means. Residents, however, rated the solid applicator method as higher risk. Further, after the solid applicator method was performed twice by participants, the time to digitize plans was not significantly different from manual digitization

Conclusions

This study indicates the non‐inferiority of the solid applicator method to manual digitization in terms of risk, according to QMPs, and time, across all participants. Differences were found in FMEA evaluation and solid applicator technique adoption based on years of brachytherapy experience. Further practice with the solid applicator protocol is recommended because familiarity is expected to lower FMEA occurrence ratings and further reduce digitization times.
Prevalence of Cardiovascular and Cancer Risk Factors Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Prescribed JAK Inhibitors and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Janak Jud C. , Ross Ryan D. , Brady Brenna L. , Palmer Liisa , Howard Jeffrey T. , Baker Joshua F.
Published: April 2024

Objective

The study was to determine the prevalence of baseline risk factors for cardiovascular outcomes and cancer among commercially‐insured patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during their first dispensed treatment for either tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) or JAK inhibitors (JAKi).

Methods

Patients with RA from August 16, 2019 to March 31, 2022 were identified in the Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases. The first date that a TNFi or JAKi was dispensed was the index date, and baseline risk factors were assessed among patients continuously eligible for 12 months before the index date. Patients who had the following were stratified into an elevated risk category: age ≥65 years, smoking, or a history of a major adverse cardiovascular event, venous thromboembolism, or cancer. The prevalence of modifiable risk factors was also reported: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. The crude prevalence and prevalence difference (PD) were reported.

Results

A total of 12,673 patients (TNFi [n = 7,748; 61%] and JAKi [n = 4,925; 39%]) met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of elevated risk was the same for all patients using TNFi (n = 2,051; 26%) and JAKi (n = 1,262; 26%). Compared with patients having low risk, patients with an elevated risk also had a higher prevalence of at least one primary modifiable risk factor for both patients using JAKi (79% vs 58%; PD 21%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 18%–24%) and TNFi (81% vs 60%; PD 21%, 95% CI 19%–23%).

Conclusion

In recent years, JAKi and TNFi were used in similar proportions to treat RA among commercially‐insured patients at elevated cardiovascular and cancer risk. Because uncontrolled disease, modifiable comorbidities, and treatment with JAKi are associated with these adverse events, future studies evaluating how practice patterns may be affected by the emergence of safety data will be of value.