bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pro4 prolyl peptide bond isomerization in human galectin-7 modulates the monomer-dimer equilibrum to affect function
Authors: Miller Michelle C. , Nesmelova Irina V. , Daragan Vladimir A. , Ippel Hans , Michalak Malwina , Dregni Aurelio , Kaltner Herbert , Kopitz Jürgen , Gabius Hans-Joachim , Mayo Kevin H.
Published: August 2020

Human galectin-7 (Gal-7; also termed p53-induced gene 1 product) is a multifunctional effector by productive pairing with distinct glycoconjugates and protein counter-receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus, as well as on the cell surface. Its structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy detected doubling of a set of particular resonances, an indicator of Gal-7 existing in two conformational states in slow exchange on the chemical shift time scale. Structural positioning of this set of amino acids around the P4 residue and loss of this phenomenon in the bioactive P4L mutant indicated cis–trans isomerization at this site. Respective resonance assignments confirmed our proposal of two Gal-7 conformers. Mapping hydrogen bonds and considering van der Waals interactions in molecular dynamics simulations revealed a structural difference for the N-terminal peptide, with the trans-state being more exposed to solvent and more mobile than the cis-state. Affinity for lactose or glycan-inhibitable neuroblastoma cell surface contact formation was not affected, because both conformers associated with an overall increase in order parameters (S2). At low µM concentrations, homodimer dissociation is more favored for the cis-state of the protein than its trans-state. These findings give direction to mapping binding sites for protein counter-receptors of Gal-7, such as Bcl-2, JNK1, p53 or Smad3, and to run functional assays at low concentration to test the hypothesis that this isomerization process provides a (patho)physiologically important molecular switch for Gal-7.
Civic Responsibility and Global Health Care: Audiology Service Learning in Africa
Authors: Pillay Mershen , Ramkissoon Ishara
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Many health professions engage service learning via international humanitarian health care or study abroad programs toward an improved sense of civic responsibility, an aspect that has been inadequately analyzed in hearing health care. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the curriculum of an international humanitarian health care program in South Africa influenced U.S. graduate students' civic responsibility and their educators' perspectives on audiology study abroad service learning programs.

Method

Participants (n= 14) in this study abroad program included seven female graduate audiology students, five community partners, and two educators. Quantitative data were derived from pre- and postprogram administration of the Public Affairs Scale (Levesque-Bristol & Cornelius-White, 2012). Qualitative data sources included student journals, student exit interview, educator field notes and discussions, and responses to the community partner evaluation survey completed by host site personnel.

Results

A comparison of pre- and postprogram Public Affairs Scale ratings revealed that students demonstrated a significant increase in community engagement, cultural competence, and ethical leadership. Qualitative data revealed themes referenced to practitioners, clients, and context. Further thematic analysis identified three key results including foregrounding health as a development of people, educators and students as critically oriented public intellectuals, and global dialogue for pedagogic (audiology) justice.

Discussion and Conclusion

Carefully designed study abroad curricular contributed to audiology graduate students' increased service learning, civic responsibility, and civic engagement. Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that student service learning experiences were mediated by resources and people in the local context. This study abroad curriculum facilitated educators' thinking regarding the placement of audiology health services and audiology educational models in a globalized world. Health professional pedagogic considerations should be designed for humanitarian health care so that service learning focuses the production of critically oriented practitioners who are competent at enacting practices in global service learning programs.
Determining mass-accretion and jet mass-loss rates in post-asymptotic giant branch binary systems
Authors: Bollen D. , Kamath D. , De Marco O. , Van Winckel H. , Wardle M.
Published: August 2020

Aims. In this study we determine the morphology and mass-loss rate of jets emanating from the companion in post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) binary stars with a circumbinary disc. In doing so we also determine the mass-accretion rates onto the companion, and investigate the source feeding the circum-companion accretion disc.

Methods. We perform a spatio-kinematic modelling of the jet of two well-sampled post-AGB binaries, BD+46°442 and IRAS 19135+3937, by fitting the orbital phased time series of Hα spectra. Once the jet geometry, velocity, and scaled density structure are computed, we carry out radiative transfer modelling of the jet for the first four Balmer lines to determine the jet densities, thus allowing us to compute the jet mass-loss rates and mass-accretion rates. We distinguish the origin of the accretion by comparing the computed mass-accretion rates with theoretically estimated mass-loss rates, both from the post-AGB star and from the circumbinary disc.

Results. The spatio-kinematic model of the jet reproduces the observed absorption feature in the Hα lines. The jets have an inner region with extremely low density in both objects. The jet model for BD+46°442 is tilted by 15° with respect to the orbital axis of the binary system. IRAS 19135+3937 has a smaller tilt of 6°. Using our radiative transfer model, we find the full 3D density structure of both jets. By combining these results, we can compute the mass-loss rates of the jets, which are of the order of 10−7 − 10−5 M⊙ yr−1. From this we estimate mass-accretion rates onto the companion of 10−6 − 10−4 M⊙ yr−1.

Conclusions. Based on the mass-accretion rates found for these two objects, we conclude that the circumbinary disc is most likely the source feeding the circum-companion accretion disc. This is in agreement with the observed depletion patterns in post-AGB binaries, which is caused by re-accretion of gas from the circumbinary disc that is under-abundant in refractory elements. The high accretion rates from the circumbinary disc imply that the lifetime of the disc will be short. Mass transfer from the post-AGB star cannot be excluded in these systems, but it is unlikely to provide a sufficient mass-transfer rate to sustain the observed jet mass-loss rates.
Future merger of the Milky Way with the Andromeda galaxy and the fate of their supermassive black holes
Authors: Schiavi Riccardo , Capuzzo-Dolcetta Roberto , Arca-Sedda Manuel , Spera Mario
Published: August 2020

Our Galaxy and the nearby Andromeda galaxy (M 31) are the most massive members of the Local Group, and they seem to be a bound pair, despite the uncertainties on the relative motion of the two galaxies. A number of studies have shown that the two galaxies will likely undergo a close approach in the next 4−5 Gyr. We used direct N-body simulations to model this interaction to shed light on the future of the Milky Way – Andromeda system and for the first time explore the fate of the two supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that are located at their centers. We investigated how the uncertainties on the relative motion of the two galaxies, linked with the initial velocities and the density of the diffuse environment in which they move, affect the estimate of the time they need to merge and form “Milkomeda”. After the galaxy merger, we follow the evolution of their two SMBHs up to their close pairing and fusion. Upon the fiducial set of parameters, we find that Milky Way and Andromeda will have their closest approach in the next 4.3 Gyr and merge over a span of 10 Gyr. Although the time of the first encounter is consistent with other predictions, we find that the merger occurs later than previously estimated. We also show that the two SMBHs will spiral in the inner region of Milkomeda and coalesce in less than 16.6 Myr after the merger of the two galaxies. Finally, we evaluate the gravitational-wave emission caused by the inspiral of the SMBHs, and we discuss the detectability of similar SMBH mergers in the nearby Universe (z ≤ 2) through next-generation gravitational-wave detectors.
Factors influencing the production of oilseed crops among smallholder farmers in Limpopo Province
Authors: Kephe Priscilla Ntuchu , Ayisi Kingsley K. , Petja Brilliant Mareme , Mulaudzi Adlet Phophi , Mabitsela Kabisheng Emmanuel
Published: August 2020

Smallholder farmers in rural communities that are prevalent in provinces such as Limpopo are not only confronted with the challenges of their direct environment but they also face new challenges in terms of the type of crops to produce in the era of climate change and variability. These challenges influence the way farmers make key decisions. Given that agricultural practices affect more than the farming unit, it is of interest to understand farmers’ behaviour. A survey was carried out across agroecological zones in Limpopo. Six hundred farmers were interviewed to establish key factors underlying their choice of oilseeds to produce. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis were used to analyse the data. Results showed that the choice of crops to produce was influenced by socioeconomic and climatic factors. Factor analysis indicated that floods were the most influential factor in the choice of oilseeds. This was followed by implements, temperature, rainfall, cash, irrigation equipment, input availability and food security. Determining factors varied amongst farmers producing groundnut, soybean and sunflower. Farmers were more hesitant to cultivate sunflower and soybean primarily because of the lack of familiarity with these crops and this in turn magnified the risk created by the uncertainty surrounding the future financial returns from these crops. Further results highlight concerns about resource and input availability in the area. The provision of support in terms of inputs availability, implements, the development of reliable networks for information dissemination and training of oilseed farmers beyond their local environment and sphere is critical. This is particularly so given there is a host of site-specific factors that have a bearing on the farmers’ decision-making processes. Stakeholders therefore need to take into account the variation in factors influencing farmers’ decisions, and put in place site specific measures to properly guide farm management choices.
La LIBS dans l’industrie nucléaire
Authors: Sirven Jean-Baptiste , L’Hermite Daniel , Lacour Jean-Luc , Quere Céline , Vercouter Thomas
Published: August 2020

La technique LIBS présente des avantages uniques pour réaliser des mesures élémentaires en environnement difficile. Elle est développée en France et dans d’autres pays pour répondre à de nombreux besoins de la filière électronucléaire. Elle nécessite pour cela une instrumentation variée capable de s’adapter aux diverses problématiques analytiques, configurations et contraintes de mise en œuvre propres au secteur nucléaire.
De chemcam à supercam : L’apport de la LIBS pour le spatial
Authors: Fabre Cécile , Bousquet Bruno
Published: August 2020

Suite aux succès de l’outil ChemCam, le prochain rover martien Perseverance comprend un nouvel instrument franco-américain, SuperCam, qui couple la LIBS à la spectroscopie Raman ainsi qu’à la spectroscopie infrarouge passive. Grâce à la corrélation des données atomiques et moléculaires obtenues, SuperCam permettra de caractériser la chimie des sols et des roches et d’y rechercher des bio-signatures.
Analyse élémentaire : Des matériaux sans étalonnage
Authors: Hermann Jörg , Shen Chao , Hermann Antonio , Aleixo da Luz Olivier , Taleb Aya , Pelascini Frédéric
Published: August 2020

La mesure de la composition élémentaire d’un matériau nécessite habituellement un étalonnage à l’aide de références de composition proche du matériau à analyser. Cela implique de connaître la composition du matériau et d’avoir à disposition des étalons adéquats.

La spectroscopie du plasma induit par laser permet de s’affranchir de cette étape d’étalonnage et de réaliser une analyse basée sur la comparaison d’un spectre mesuré avec le spectre calculé à l’aide d’un modèle : c’est l’approche « calibration-free ».
Wirtschaftliche Aspekte in der Mikrochirurgie: Bericht zum Konsensus-Workshop der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße – (DAM)
Authors: Braig David , Behr Björn , Cerny Michael K. , Harder Yves , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Giunta Riccardo , Radtke Christine , Bergmeister Konstantin D , Klein Holger J. , Taeger Christian D. , Bader Rolf-Dieter , Eisenhardt Steffen U.
Published: August 2020

Im Zuge des zunehmenden Kostendrucks im Gesundheitssystem werden Therapien neben ihrer Qualität zunehmend auch hinsichtlich ihrer Wirtschaftlichkeit bewertet. Mikrochirurgische Eingriffe haben sich vor allem im Langzeitverlauf in vielen Bereichen als funktionell und ästhetisch überlegen gezeigt. Im Vergleich zu Alternativeingriffen sind sie aber auf Grund ihrer Komplexität sowie langen Operationszeiten und stationären Verweildauern mit hohen Kosten verbunden. Damit diese langfristig in hoher Qualität angeboten werden können, muss entsprechend von Seiten der Kostenträger, insbesondere auch bei interdisziplinären Eingriffen, eine adäquate, kostendeckende Vergütung erfolgen. Um einen korrekten DRG-Erlös zu erhalten sollten daher neben der Hauptdiagnose auch die relevanten Nebendiagnosen und Prozeduren richtig und vollständig dokumentiert werden. Auch der finanzielle Mehrwert eines interdisziplinären Eingriffs lässt sich durch die Erhöhung des Erlöses mit mikrochirurgischem Operationsanteil errechnen.

Zwischen den Kliniken eines Krankenhauses sollte daher eine interdisziplinäre Erlösaufteilung stattfinden. Für eine faire und transparente interdisziplinäre Leistungsverrechnung existieren mehrere Modelle, mit denen alle beteiligten Kliniken einen Mehrwert erwirtschaften können. Leider bestehen an vielen Krankenhäusern unzureichende interdisziplinäre Vergütungsmodelle, welche eine qualitativ hochwertige, kostendeckende Patientenversorgung mit mikrochirurgischen Eingriffen erschweren. Ungeachtet des zunehmenden Kostendrucks und nicht medizinischer wirtschaftlicher Aspekte muss unser Handeln als Arzt immer die bestmögliche Patientenversorgung sicherstellen.
Therapeutic Patient Education for Adrenal Insufficiency under
COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions
Authors: Kienitz Tina , Hahner Stefanie , Burger-Stritt Stephanie , Quinkler Marcus
Published: August 2020

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) requires life-long treatment with glucocorticoid
replacement therapy. Over- or under-substitution carries the risk of
increased morbidity in the form of side effects or adrenal crises.
Glucocorticoid replacement therapy needs to be flexible with dose adaptation
in special situations. This could not be managed by medical personnel on a
daily basis, but requires an educated patient who has a good knowledge of
the disease, understands his medical therapy and is able to perform
situational dose adaptation. The rarity of the disease in combination with
the need to respond to stressful situations with rapid glucocorticoid dose
adjustment underlines that a well-trained patient is crucial for optimal
management of the disease.

In this literature review we provide background information further
clarifying the need of education in patients with AI including the current
shortcomings of medical therapy and of the treatment of patients with AI. We
outline the aims of therapeutic patient education, present the concept of
structured patient education in Germany, and discuss available results of
patient group education programs. Furthermore, we propose strategies how
therapeutic patient education for adrenal insufficiency can be organized
under COVID-19 pandemic conditions.
A gauge fixing procedure for causal fermion systems
Authors: Finster Felix , Kindermann Sebastian
Published: August 2020

Causal fermion systems incorporate local gauge symmetry in the sense that the Lagrangian and all inherent structures are invariant under local phase transformations of the physical wave functions. In the present paper, it is explained and worked out in detail that, despite this local gauge freedom, the structures of a causal fermion system give rise to distinguished gauges where the local gauge freedom is fixed completely up to global gauge transformations. The main method is to use spectral and polar decompositions of operators on Hilbert spaces and on indefinite inner product spaces. We also introduce and make use of a Riemannian metric, which is induced on the manifold of all regular correlation operators by the Hilbert–Schmidt scalar product. Gaussian coordinate systems corresponding to this Riemannian metric are constructed. Moreover, we work with so-called wave charts where the physical wave functions are used as coordinates. Our constructions and results are illustrated in the example of Dirac sea configurations in finite and infinite spatial volume.
Invasive electrical impedance myography at different levels of contraction of gastrocnemius muscle of rat
Authors: Coutinho A. B. B. , Jotta B. , Werneck-de-Castro J. P. , Pino A. V. , Souza M. N.
Published: August 2020

Electrical impedance myography (EIM) is as an experimental technique that associates muscle impedance with muscular activity. Changes in muscle impedance during contraction occur mainly due to changes in the morphological and physiological characteristics of muscles that lead to different impeditivities in comparison with the resting condition. There is no consensus on the details of muscular impedance during muscle activity. EIM measurements on humans are also influenced by factors such as the electrode–skin interface, layers of skin and fat, and the connective tissue that can generate undesirable effects in the impedance signal. These effects can be avoided if EIM measurements are carried out directly on the muscle by using the models of animals. This study investigates changes in the EIM signal in the gastrocnemius muscles of Wistar rats during different levels of muscular contraction. In vivo experiments were conducted on 19 male rats. The muscle was exposed, fixed on a load cell, and electrically stimulated to evoke different levels of muscle contraction. Signals of the components of impedance were analyzed against the muscular force signal. The results show moderate correlations (p < 0.05) among the impedance-related parameters of resistance (r = −0.76), reactance (r = 0.57), and phase (r = 0.53). In addition to providing an experimental protocol for the invasive collection of data on electrical impedance to minimize problems associated with surface electrodes, this study shows that of the components of impedance, resistance is most affected by the intensity of muscular contractions and that morphological changes influence impedance mainly at low intensities.
Negative effect of oxygen vacancies on ferromagnetism in Ru-doped BaSnO3 materials
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Cui Zhangzhang , Zhu Liuyang , Zhao Zhibo , Liu Huan , Wu Qingmei , Wang Jianlin , Huang Haoliang , Fu Zhengping , Lu Yalin
Published: August 2020

Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) have drawn much attention due to their potential in spintronics and magnetoelectronics. Transparent conducting oxides, which are characterized by high carrier density and mobility, may provide a platform to realize room-temperature DMS oxides via the carrier-induced ferromagnetism. However, magnetic properties of DMS oxides are sensitive to their stoichiometry, and the magnetic performance of the same material synthesized by different groups or preparation methods may vary greatly. Therefore, it is important to clarify the relationship between the magnetic property and the lattice structure. Here, we investigate the magnetic property of Ru0.037Ba0.963SnO3 powders calcined in different atmospheres. It is demonstrated that for Ru0.037Ba0.963SnO3, the measured ferromagnetism is much weaker than the calculated one, and the ferromagnetism of the samples calcined in oxygen is stronger than that of the samples calcined in air. Electron spin resonance measurements show the existence of oxygen vacancies in Ru0.037Ba0.963SnO3 powders, and the first-principles calculations confirm that oxygen vacancies will suppress the ferromagnetism. This work offers a guide to synthesize diluted magnetic oxides with the desired magnetic property.
The possibility of difference frequency generation in the GaAs phonon reststrahlen band within dual-chip GaAs-based lasers
Authors: Dubinov A. A. , Utochkin V. V.
Published: August 2020

We consider the possibility of difference frequency generation in the GaAs phonon reststrahlen band within dual-chip GaAs-based lasers at room temperature. Sufficient generation efficiency is achieved via the resonant increase of GaAs second order nonlinear susceptibility in this spectral range. The outcoupling power conversion efficiency is anticipated to be up to 4 × 10−7 W−1 in the laser design studied.
Room-temperature multiferroic behavior in layer-structured Aurivillius phase ceramics
Authors: Li Zheng , Koval Vladimir , Mahajan Amit , Gao Zhipeng , Vecchini Carlo , Stewart Mark , Cain Markys G. , Tao Kun , Jia Chenglong , Viola Giuseppe , Yan Haixue
Published: August 2020

Multiferroics that simultaneously exhibit ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism have recently attracted great attention due to their potential application in next generation electronic devices. However, only a few single-phase multiferroic materials exhibit ferroelectric and ferromagnetic orders at room temperature. Recently, some bismuth layer-structured Aurivillius compounds were reported as multiferroics at room temperature, but the origin of their magnetic property is still under debate because the net magnetization may originate from the presence of secondary phases that are not easily detected by laboratory XRD diffractometers. Here, textured Aurivillius phase Bi5.25La0.75FeCoTi3O18 ceramics were prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering. The ferromagnetic character of the ceramics was indicated by the magnetic field-induced reversible intensity changes of a certain set of crystalline planes belonging to the Aurivillius phase, as measured by in situ neutron diffraction under the applied magnetic field. The first principles calculations indicate that the ferromagnetism originates from double exchange interactions Fe3+–O–Fe3+, Co3+–O–Co3+, and Fe3+–O–Co3+ in the ferro-toroidal main phase. The magnetic-controlled ferroelectric domain switching was observed by piezoelectric force microscopy at room temperature. The prepared Aurivillius phase ceramics, with Co/Fe contributing to magnetization and polarization at the same time, can be considered an intrinsic room-temperature multiferroic.
Carbon farming for resilient rangelands: people, paddocks and policy
Authors: Baumber Alex , Waters Cathy , Cross Rebecca , Metternicht Graciela , Simpson Marja
Published: August 2020

Carbon farming is a new land use option over extensive areas of the Australian rangelands. This land use change has been promoted by government incentives to mitigate climate change, with most of Australia’s land sector abatement to date being delivered in rangelands. Aside from these mitigation benefits, carbon farming has also demonstrated potential co-benefits that enhance socio-ecological resilience by diversifying land uses and income streams, providing opportunities for sustainable land management to enhance soil and vegetation and creating opportunities for self-organisation and collaboration. However, factors such as policy uncertainty, perceived loss of future land use flexibility and the potential for carbon farming eligibility to create social divisions may negatively affect resilience. In this paper we weigh up these risks, opportunities and co-benefits and propose indicators for measuring the impact of carbon farming on the resilience of rangeland systems. A set of land policy principles for enhancing resilience through carbon farming are also identified.
Investigating the decline in Lymphogranuloma venereum diagnoses in men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom since 2016: an analysis of surveillance data
Authors: Allen Hester , Pitt Rachel , Bardsley Megan , Smolarchuk Christa , Sullivan Ann , Mohammed Hamish , Cole Michelle , Fifer Helen , Wallace Lesley , Thomas Daniel , Irvine Neil , Templeton Kate , Hughes Gwenda , Simms Ian
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Following an upward trajectory in Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) diagnoses in the UK from 2004 to 2016, with annual diagnoses increasing from 28 to 904, diagnoses fell to 641 in 2017; this was inconsistent with the upward trend in other bacterial sexually transmissible infections (STIs) between 2016 and 2017. An analysis of surveillance data from multiple sources to investigate the possible factors contributing to this decline in LGV was performed. Methods: LGV tests and diagnoses in the UK from 2004 to 2018 were captured through laboratory data from the LGV Reference Laboratories and laboratories conducting in-house LGV testing. These data and clinical diagnoses data from England were analysed alongside the national management guidelines issued over the course of the epidemic. Results: LGV diagnoses increased between 2004 and 2015 and then decreased between 2016 and 2018. LGV testing increased from 2010 to 2018 (2690–10850). Test positivity halved between 2015 (14.8%, 929–6272) and 2018 (7.3%, 791–10850). Peaks in LGV testing and diagnoses appeared to coincide with the publication of national LGV management guidelines and changes to clinical practice. The proportion of LGV diagnoses among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) fell between 2013 and 2018 (74–48%). Conclusions: The fall in diagnoses and positivity were likely due to increasing earlier clinical diagnosis and treatment. Changes to the national management guidelines, the clinical policy and practice of some larger clinics and potentially changes to the guidelines for the treatment of chlamydia broadened the scope of testing and increased testing in asymptomatic patients which, in combination, likely had a positive effect on the control of LGV infection.
Increased small extracellular vesicle secretion after chemotherapy via upregulation of cholesterol metabolism in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Hong Chang‐Sook , Jeong Emily , Boyiadzis Michael , Whiteside Theresa L.
Published: August 2020

Most patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) experience disease recurrence after chemotherapy largely due to the development of drug resistance. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to play a significant role in leukaemia drug resistance by delivery of anti‐apoptotic proteins and genes conferring resistance to recipient cells. sEV levels are elevated in AML patients’ plasma at the time of diagnosis and remain elevated in complete remission after chemotherapy. The mechanism of enhanced sEV secretion in AML is unknown. We speculated that cholesterol synthesis by AML blasts may be related to elevated sEV secretion. Intracellular levels of cholesterol and of HMGCR (3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase), the rate‐limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesizing mevalonate pathway, significantly increased in cultured AML cells or primary human non‐malignant cells treated with cytarabine or decitabine. Concomitantly, levels of sEVs produced by these cells also increased. Treatment with an HMGCR inhibitor, Simvastatin, or siRNAs targeting HMGCR blocked the chemotherapy‐induced enhancement of sEV secretion in AML cells. sEVs carry HMGCR and chemotherapy enhances HMGCR levels in sEVs. HMGCR+ sEVs upregulate intracellular cholesterol and promote AML cell proliferation. A pharmacologic blockade of HMGCR emerges as a potential future therapeutic option for disrupting sEV signalling leading to cholesterol‐driven chemo‐resistance in AML.
Evolving models for assembling and shaping clathrin-coated pits
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Schmid Sandra L.
Published: August 2020

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis occurs via the assembly of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) that invaginate and pinch off to form clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). It is well known that adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complexes trigger clathrin assembly on the plasma membrane, and biochemical and structural studies have revealed the nature of these interactions. Numerous endocytic accessory proteins collaborate with clathrin and AP2 to drive CCV formation. However, many questions remain as to the molecular events involved in CCP initiation, stabilization, and curvature generation. Indeed, a plethora of recent evidence derived from cell perturbation, correlative light and EM tomography, live-cell imaging, modeling, and high-resolution structural analyses has revealed more complexity and promiscuity in the protein interactions driving CCP maturation than anticipated. After briefly reviewing the evidence supporting prevailing models, we integrate these new lines of evidence to develop a more dynamic and flexible model for how redundant, dynamic, and competing protein interactions can drive endocytic CCV formation and suggest new approaches to test emerging models.
Find slow dynamic modes via analyzing molecular dynamics simulation trajectories*
Authors: Zhang Chuanbiao , Zhou Xin
Published: August 2020

It is a central issue to find the slow dynamic modes of biological macromolecules via analyzing the large-scale data of molecular dynamics simulation (MD). While the MD data are high-dimensional time-successive series involving all-atomic details and sub-picosecond time resolution, a few collective variables which characterizing the motions in longer than nanoseconds are needed to be chosen for an intuitive understanding of the dynamics of the system. The trajectory map (TM) was presented in our previous works to provide an efficient method to find the low-dimensional slow dynamic collective-motion modes from high-dimensional time series. In this paper, we present a more straight understanding about the principle of TM via the slow-mode linear space of the conformational probability distribution functions of MD trajectories and more clearly discuss the relation between the TM and the current other similar methods in finding slow modes.
Quantifying the foodshed: a systematic review of urban food flow and local food self-sufficiency research
Authors: Schreiber Kerstin , Hickey Gordon M , Metson Geneviève S , Robinson Brian E , MacDonald Graham K
Published: August 2020

Cities are net consumers of food from local and global hinterlands. Urban foodshed analysis is a quantitative approach for examining links between urban consumers and rural agricultural production by mapping food flow networks or estimating the potential for local food self-sufficiency (LFS). However, at present, the lack of a coherent methodological framework and research agenda limits the potential to compare different cities and regions as well as to cumulate knowledge. We conduct a review of 42 peer-reviewed publications on foodsheds (identified from a subset of 829 publications) from 1979 to 2019 that quantify LFS, food supply, or food flows on the urban or regional scale. We define and characterize these studies into three main foodshed types: (1) agricultural capacity, which estimate LFS potential or local foodshed size required to meet food demands; (2) food flow, which trace food movements and embodied resources or emissions; and (3) hybrid, which combine both approaches and study dynamics between imports, exports, and LFS. LFS capacity studies are the most common type but the majority of cases we found in the literature were from cities or regions in the Global North with underrepresentation of rapidly urbanizing regions of the Global South. We use a synthetic framework with ten criteria to further classify foodshed studies, which illustrates the challenges of quantitatively comparing results across studies with different methodologies. Core research priorities from our review include the need to explore the interplay between LFS capacity and interregional food trade (both imports and exports) for foodsheds. Hybrid methodologies are particularly relevant to examining such dependency relationships in food systems by incorporating food flows into LFS capacity assessment. Foodshed analysis can inform policy related to multiple components of sustainable food systems, including navigating the social and environmental benefits and tradeoffs of sourcing food locally, regionally, and globally.
Aloe vera L. powder processing using spray drying method for coating material of agriculture products
Authors: Darmawati E , Fadhila AN
Published: August 2020

Alternatives that can be done to reduce the damage to agricultural products after harvest is the application of coatings. The coating produces a film on the surface of the fruit to protect the product from environmental influences that cause damage. Besides gel form, aloe vera can be processed in the form of powder, which has advantages compared to gel form. The research purpose was to study the making of aloe vera powder using a spray drying method with the treatment of drying temperature and determine the best process base on the characteristic of powder solution and form of film as a coating result. Aloe vera powder making using a spray dryer with the outlet temperature of 60 °C and 80 °C, determine the best drying temperature base on the characteristics of powder solution and film formed. Films made from aloe vera powder solution with a concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The result of this research showed that the powder produced by a temperature of 60 °C was better than that done of 80 °C with the yield produced was 2.72%, and the pH value was 3.512. While for making the best film was obtained from the concentration of 20% powder solution with a viscosity value of 4.126 mPa.s, film thickness 0.321 mm, L value of films color 87.632, film water content 12%, film solubility 99%, and water vapor transmission rate 6.540 g/hour.m2.
Ingredients Formulation of Analogue Rice Based on Location Spesific Flour, Case Studies in the Purworejo District
Authors: Anggraeni DS , Solahudin M , Sutrisno
Published: August 2020

The determined of rice as staple food of Indonesians people will increase with increased of population growth. One of the efforts to meet basic food demand can be done through food diversification perform by using non-rice carbohydrate sources. Purworejo Regency is one of the regions that has a source of carbohydrate in addition to rice, which has not been further processed to be an alternative to meeting calorie needs other than rice. The purpose of this study is to obtain an optimal analog rice composition formulation in the form of a goal programming model by mixing non-rice base ingredients for analog rice production to produce analog rice that has nutritional characteristics determined with Ciherang rice. Conducting the results of making analog rice formulations with non-rice materials available in Purworejo District using a linear objective programming model. The linear goal programming optimization model uses a solver program with an objective function of the nutrient content of protein, amylose, and amylopectin to approach Ciherang rice. Analog rice optimization results were tested using similarity percentage values to determine the proximity of nutrient content with Ciherang rice. Based on the analysis of calculations from the solver program produces a mixture of white corn (94.674%) and taro beneng (5.326%) with a similarity of 98.381%. While the results of the optimization of the availability of carbohydrate sources in Purworejo District produced a mixture of taro beneng (19.462%), sago starch (20.668%) and breadfruit (59.851%) with the similar nutritional content of Ciherang rice of 89.717%.
Water level arrangement in the drainage channel on peat chemical characteristics, growth and corn yield
Authors: Widiarso B , Minardi S , Komariah  , Chandra T O
Published: August 2020

This research was aimed to study the influence of water depth in the drainage channel arrangement on peat chemical characteristics, the growth, and corn yield. This research was conducted in Rasau Jaya Umum Village, Rasau Jaya Sub-district, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan Province, for ten months (February - December 2016). The research field consists of three plots of land, with the area of each plot of 0.2 ha (40 m x 50 m). The depth of water drainage channels arranged in the experimental plots: treated without drainage channel, depth of water drainage channel 30 cm and depth of water drainage channel 60 cm. Pioneer 21 (P21) variety of corn was planted in the research field with the spacing of 25 cm x 75 cm and given ameliorant of coastal sediment 8 tons/ha, urea fertilizer 400 kg/ha, SP 36 300 kg/ha, and KCl 100 kg/ha. The results showed that in the soil depth of 20-40 cm, the water depth of the drainage channel 60 cm influenced the decrease of organic carbon, total N, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and available P. The water level depth in the drainage channel up to 60 cm did not affect the growth and corn yield. The arrangement depth of the water level in drainage channel 30 cm is the most ideal for corn growth and sustainability of peat.
Optimation of Crawler Speeds Measurement Using Inductive Proximity for Autonomous Combine Harvester
Authors: Sutisna S P , Setiawan R P A , Subrata I D M , Mandang T
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes an optimal method for measuring the crawler rotational speeds of an autonomous combine harvester by the inductive proximity sensor. It mounts an inductive sensor on each wheel so it can detect the metals and the holes on the crawler drive gear. Detection of metals and holes continuously forming a cycle with a particular frequency. The crawler speed is determined by counting the number of cycles at one second as a frequency. The crawler speeds are proportional to the frequency. However, there is another way of measuring crawler speed by counting the cycle period. This research compares measuring methods for the crawler speeds using frequency and period to determine the optimal method. The results of the experiment show that measuring crawler speeds by periods is more accurate than frequency.
Design and Performance Evaluation of Dwarf Napier Grass Harvester
Authors: Desrial  , Ridha A. T.
Published: August 2020

Green forage is very important ingredient for animal feed either for meat cows or dairy cows. One of forage variety that now days becoming popularly used as animal feed is dwarf napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv Mott) because it has high productivity with short harvesting period. Cultivating dwarf napier grass is not difficult for the farmer, however harvesting this grass is quite difficult, hard work and generally still done manually by using a sickle. The purpose of this study is to design and evaluate performance of a harvesting machine for dwarf napier grass. Method of this research was common machine development method including functional and structural design analysis approaches. Performance test results showed that the machine was capable to harvest two rows of planting grass in one pass and average cutting height of 7.9 cm when using big tire and 8.6 cm when using small tire. The machine with large tire has Theoretical Field Capacity (TFC) 0.255 ha/hour, while its Effective Field Capacity (EFC) was 0.191 ha/hour and Field Efficiency (FE) was 75.01%. The result of performance test using small tire the TFC was 0.205 ha/hour, EFC was 0.145 ha/hour and FE was 71.04%. It was concluded that the newly modified napier grass harvester was satisfactorily designed and its performance increase harvesting efficiency.
Analysis of paddy productivity using normalized difference vegetation index value of sentinel-2 and UAV multispectral imagery in the rainy season
Authors: Liyantono  , Sianjaya A , Sari IK
Published: August 2020

Rice is one of the primary food sources for people worldwide, especially in Indonesia. In 2018, Indonesia produced approximately 56.5 million tons of unhusked dry rice ready for milling with a total area of around 10.9 million hectares. Until these days, the estimation of rice productivity was done by the Indonesia Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Ministry of Agriculture. Aerial Images and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were viewed as a tool that helps in monitoring and observing the crops. NDVI was used to analyze the paddy growth from planting until harvesting. Usage of Satellite Sentinel-2 and UAV was meant to compare the accuracy between them. Analysis of paddy productivity was used during the vegetative, reproduction, and maturity phases. The used methods are regression and correlation analysis. The model from the analysis was used to estimate the productivity of paddy. The result shows that the models with the highest correlation from both Sentinel-2 and UAV were obtained from analysis on the vegetative phase. This means the implemented NDVI value was from planting until the peak value in one cultivating season.
Study of Land-use Change Monitoring in the Rawa Sei Seluang Irrigation Area and Belawang Irrigation Area, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province
Authors: Heryanto R Bambang
Published: August 2020

Food security is a basic need of each country including Indonesia, whose population is increasing rapidly is not proportional to the growth in productivity of agricultural land, especially paddy fields. Swamp Irrigation Area (DIR) which was originally designed for a rice field block area program in the early opening of transmigration land outside Java, especially in the area of Barito Kuala District, South Kalimantan Province, in fact, has now turned into rubber plantations and oil palm plantations, both managed by the community or company. The study of monitoring land-use change is very important in relation to food security programs, where the change of function or land-use changes is currently developing very rapidly in line with the level of needs and population growth. Therefore, the study of monitoring land-use change needs to be carried out as a-monitoring and also to find out in land-use change. The rice field in Sei Seluang DIR has 37.72 % from 3,297 ha the total area and rice filed in Belawang DIR have 7.45 % from 5,257 ha the total area. Satellite imagery as a monitoring tool or land-use monitoring study is very suitable because in addition to covering a fairly large area, information detail both in terms of pixel resolution and temporal resolution are now getting better in line with technological advancements, including advances in digital image processing software.
Development of knowledge management system for assisting the Agrotechno Edu-park establishments in Sriharjo village, Imogiri district, Bantul regency
Authors: Alim M F , Nugroho A P , Arif S S , Murtiningrum  , Sutiarso L
Published: August 2020

Knowledge is important for ensuring the sustainability of the organization. Knowledge management is an effort in obtaining, selecting, organizing, abstracting, storing, presenting, sharing, implementing, and reviewing the accumulated knowledge so that each member in an organization can utilize and increase the mastery of specific knowledge. Knowledge Management System (KMS) as a tool for assisting the implementation of the concept in a specified context. Agrotechno Edu-park stands for Agricultural Technology Education Park, a place for agricultural production, technology showroom, education, and tourism as well. In the developing and establishing the concept of Agrotechno Edu-park, there is a vast amount of knowledge, but the ability of humans to use that knowledge is limited so that the potential can be lost. Consequently, it is necessary to manage the potential knowledge using a system. The objective of this study was to develop a knowledge management system for assisting the Agrotechno Edu-park establishment. The research was taken place in Sriharjo Village, Imogiri District, Bantul Regency. Data transformation to knowledge facilitated by a web-based application composed of three main components: 1) Regular daily post, 2) Knowledge Taxonomy Trees, and 3) Discussion (Question and Answer). The knowledge management cycle runs by the participation of the youth farmer community as the operator of the Agrotechno Edu-park, facilitated by the expert from the Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Verification and system evaluation were conducted by GAP analysis to measure the effectivity and usability of the knowledge management system.
Quantification of leaf movement to study the circadian rhythm using the optical flow
Authors: Nugroho A P , Maghfiroh S , Fatmawati D , Edwantiar G P , Sutiarso L , Masithoh R E , Okayasu T
Published: August 2020

Circadian rhythm is a biological rhythm in a plant that has a 24-hour period, which affects the plant activities such as metabolism processes, physiology processes, and plant behavior. Circadian rhythm represents the biological clock that entrained by the environmental condition affected by the earth rotation. As an alternative to monitoring the circadian rhythm in the plant was the use of leaf motion as a physical indicator. The objective of this study was to present the quantitation method for leaf movement to study the circadian rhythm using the optical flow method. The leaf movement was analyzed from the captured time-lapse imaging using an Infra-red camera to capture the day-night movement of the leaf of Chili (Capsicum annum L.) from top and side view projection. As a result, the quantification method could quantify the leaf motion of Chili for both top and side view projection with the higher movement observed at top view projection. The quantified motion could show the diurnal pattern of circadian rhythm clearly and will be used for further investigation related to plant behavior in response to environmental changes.
The Influence of Information Technology on Public Transportation
Authors: Rohmawati T , Kartiwan I
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study aims to find out how the satisfaction of users of public transportation to the current transportation system. The rapid development of communication technology provide social change in society, including in public transportation modes. This research used descriptive quality method in the form of literary study, where the population taken in this study are users of public transportation and users of online transportation services. The results showed that the use of information and communication technology on public transportation affects the convenience of transportation users in terms of timeliness, comfort in driving, and solutions when stuck with the ease of technology in ordering, knowing the cost route, destination location and driver identification can ensure user safety.
Location Search Application for Refuelling Stations on Android Based Mobile Devices
Authors: Nurhayati S , Milal N , Sujana A P
Published: August 2020

The infrastructure provided by PT Pertamina to meet fuel needs is the gas station (SPBU). Gas station infrastructure is an important infrastructure in every city. Information about the location of the gas station is necessary for motorists, especially during emergencies, namely the availability of fuel in vehicles that are running low when the user is on his way. The purpose of this study is to create a mobile device that provides gas station location information to make it easy for users to get a gas station that is close to the user’s position. The object of this research is a gas station in the city of Bandung, Indonesia. The method used to find the nearest location is Location-Based Services (LBS), a cellular service that uses user location information consisting of X and Y coordinates generated by GPS, most of which use positioning techniques. Functional analysis using Unified Modeling Language (UML). Based on testing that has been done using alpha testing, the application made already provides information about the location of the nearest gas station. Based on the results of discussions with application users, this application can help users find the closest gas station.