bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMMEDIA DELL'ARTE AND ITS IMPACT ON SHAKESPEARE’S PASTORAL COMEDY AS YOU LIKE IT
Authors: Kaličanin Milena , Aksentijevic Hristina
Published: August 2021

The paper explores the origins, development and basic genre features of сommedia dell'arte. The first part of the paper deals with the archetypal comic elements of сommedia dell'arte. The historical significance of this type of comedy, as Pandolfi (1957) stresses, lies in the fact that it unequivocally confirms the autonomy of theatrical art by imposing the neverending quest for the freedom to critically examine all the aspects of social life without any dose of censorship or limitations. Its comic pattern has the roots in the grotesque and absurdity of real life, which allows for the actors to fully affirm their artistic aspirations. Shakespeare’s romantic and pastoral comedy focuses on the final reconciliation or conversion of the blocking characters rather than their punishment: the rival brothers Oliver and Orlando are reconciled; Duke Frederick is miraculously converted. This was also a theme present in the medieval tradition of the seasonal ritual play, as Frye notices and claims that “we may call it the drama of the green world, its plot being assimilated to the ritual theme of the triumph of life and love over the waste land...Thus the action of the comedy begins in a world represented as a normal world, moves into the green world, goes into metamorphosis there in which the comic resolution is achieved, and returns to the normal world” (Frye 1957, 182). The Forest of Arden in As You Like It represents an emanation of Frye’s “green world”, which is analogous to the dream world, the world of our desires. In this symbolical victory of summer over winter, we have an illustration of “the archetypal function of literature in visualizing the world of desire, not as an escape from ’reality’, but as the genuine form of the world that human life tries to imitate” (Frye 1957, 184). In addition, the marriage between Orlando and Rosalind takes place in the Forest of Arden not by a coincidence. This is Shakespeare’s vision of the final unity and healing only to be accomplished in the ‘Mother’ Forest, as Hughes terms it (1992, 110), which ultimately represents a symbol of totality of nature and men’s psychic completeness. In Frye’s reading of Shakespeare’s green world, an identical idea of the heroine as the lost soul is expressed: “In the rituals and myths the earth that produces the rebirth is generally a female figure, and the death and revival, or disappearance and withdrawal of human figures in romantic comedy generally involves the heroine” (Frye 1957, 183). Thus, Rosalind represents the epitome of the matriarchal earth goddess that revives the hero and at the same time brings about the comic resolution by disguising herself as a boy (for those members of the audience and/or readers who regard the play as an instance of Hughes’ passive ritual drama and thus primarily enjoy the process of the young lovers’ overcoming various impediments on the way to a desirable end of the play).
DAM ON THE GREAT RUSSIAN SEA (Contribution to the interpretation of the Review of the History of Serbian Literature by A. N. Pipin)
Authors: Mumovic Ana M.
Published: August 2021

The paper aims is to present and evaluate the Review the History of Serbian Literature A. N. Pipin's as a classical history of Serbian literature that became part of the national culture. The development of the history of literature among Serbs, as an independent discipline and its modest beginnings, can be found in the first decades of the 19th century, in the time of Dositej and Vuk. In its beginnings, the history of literature was a "story" about the literary past of a nation and at its core was - criticism. This main idea as an axiom is a signpost that leads from the history of literature, which has long performed the function of criticism, to the genesis of literary criticism as the youngest branch of literary science and the way it formulated and exercised its functions in conditions when literary history was in a certain measures and history of the people. The Serbs received the first History of Serbian Literature (1865) from the pen of Pavel Jozef Šafarik (1795–1861), a Protestant and German student who served in Novi Sad. The next history of Serbian literature was also written by a foreigner, the Russian Alexander Nikolaevich Pipina (1833–1904). His Review the History of Serbian Literature (1865) has not been fully translated into Serbian. When marking questions from the new Serbian literature, Pipin's approach leads to a synthesis of ideas about cultural and political and national development. Slavery replaced the idea of revival "among Orthodox Serbs who fled to Austria". From that perspective, he views the development of national literature as an important part of culture and identity. Pipin also deals with the issue of national identity and the awakening of the national consciousness of the Slavs in his extensive study "Panslavism in the Past and Present" (1878), in which "the Serbian national question is incorporated into the general critique of Russian official policy and Slavophile orientation in the Balkans during Eastern Europe crisis". In this paper, we value his competence, cultural mission, the gift of the comparator, without which there is no great literary historian, and his practical contribution to classifying Serbian literature and culture in the European context.
Cluttering framed: An historical overview
Authors: Duchan Judith Felson , Felsenfeld Susan
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Cluttering has been described in the literature on speech disorders for over 300 years. Despite this, it remains a poorly understood condition whose history has not been analyzed as a whole to identify common themes and underlying frameworks. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to identify thematic questions and frameworks contained within the literature on cluttering since the earliest found reference in 1717. METHODS: Information from influential historical and contemporary documents were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the types of questions, both implicit and explicit, that were posed in these materials. This information was ultimately organized into five thematic strands, presented here in the form of key questions. RESULTS: Five questions were derived from our historical analysis: (1) What should the problem be called? (2) What kind of problem is it? (3) What are its defining features? (4) What are its causes? and (5) How should it be treated? The first four questions are discussed in this review. The fifth question will be addressed in a companion paper (see this issue). CONCLUSIONS: Consensus has been achieved on what to call the disorder (cluttering) and in what domain it should be placed (fluency). Less agreement exists regarding its defining features, causes, and treatment. We propose that alternative conceptual frameworks may be useful in breaking new ground in our understanding and management of this complex condition.
The effect of a shoe lift on tensor fasciae latae length during standing with an artificial functional leg length discrepancy: An ultrasonic shear wave elastography study
Authors: Nakanowatari Tatsuya , Sasaki Riho , Nakane Yukino , Yamaguchi Tomofumi , Nagase Tokiko , Kanzaki Hideto , Kiyoshige Yoshiro
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Shortening of tensor fasciae latae is one factor that causes a functional leg length discrepancy. A shoe lift has been used to correct the compensatory posture resulting from the discrepancy. Despite the potential therapeutic benefit of a shoe lift, the mechanism by which it exerts its effect is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a shoe lift on tensor fasciae latae length during standing with an artificial functional leg length discrepancy using ultrasonic shear wave elastography. METHODS: Twenty-two healthy individuals performed static standing under three conditions: drop of the pelvis and flexion of the leg resulting from fixing in the hip abduction position using a hip orthosis (functional leg length discrepancy condition); drop of the pelvis by the orthosis, but no flexion of the leg due to a shoe lift (shoe lift condition); and normal bilateral standing condition. The shear elastic modulus of tensor fasciae latae was calculated using ultrasonic shear wave elastography. RESULTS: The shear elastic modulus was significantly lower in the functional leg length discrepancy condition than in the shoe lift and normal conditions (p= 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Using a shoe lift for the functional leg length discrepancy can result in a functional hip position that elongates tensor fasciae latae.
Dementia Care in Diverse Older Adults in the U.S. Deep South and the Rest of the United States
Authors: Pisu Maria , Martin Roy C. , Shan Liang , Pilonieta Giovanna , Kennedy Richard E. , Oates Gabriela , Kim Young-Il , Geldmacher David S.
Published: August 2021

Background: Use of specialists and recommended drugs has beneficial effects for older adults living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). Gaps in care may exist for minorities, e.g., Blacks, and especially in the United States (U.S.) Deep South (DS), a poor U.S. region with rising ADRD cases and minority overrepresentation. Currently, we have little understanding of ADRD care utilization in diverse populations in this region and elsewhere in the U.S. (non-DS), and the factors that adversely impact it. Objective: To examine utilization of specialists and ADRD drugs (outcomes) in racial/ethnic groups of older adults with ADRD and the personal or context-level factors affecting these outcomes in DS and non-DS. Methods: We obtained outcomes and personal-level covariates from claims for 127,512 Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD in 2013–2015, and combined county-level data in exploratory factor analysis to define context-level covariates. Adjusted analyses tested significant association of outcomes with Black/White race and other factors in DS and non-DS. Results: Across racial/ethnic groups, 33%–43% in DS and 43%–50% in non-DS used specialists; 47%–55% in DS and 41%–48% in non-DS used ADRD drugs. In adjusted analyses, differences between Blacks and Whites were not significant. Vascular dementia, comorbidities, poverty, and context-level factor “Availability of Medical Resources” were associated with specialist use; Alzheimer’s disease and senile dementia, comorbidities, and specialist use were associated with drug use. In non-DS only, other individual, context-level covariates were associated with the outcomes. Conclusion: We did not observe significant gaps in ADRD care in DS and non-DS; however, research should further examine determinants of low specialist and drug use in these regions.
Urban–Rural Disparities in the Association Between Body Mass Index and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Cross–Sectional Study in Central China
Authors: Zhang Jing-Jing , Li Lin , Liu Dan , Hu Fei-Fei , Cheng Gui-Rong , Xu Lang , Yan Ping-Ting , Tian Yuan , Hu Heng , Yu Ya-Fu , Gan Xu-Guang , An Li-Na , Zhang Bo , Qian Jin , Fu Li-Yan , Cheng Xi , Lian Peng-Fei , Zou Ming-Jun , Chen Cong , Wu Qing-Ming , Zeng Yan
Published: August 2021

Background: Some studies have demonstrated an association between low and high body mass index (BMI) and an increased risk of dementia. However, only a few of these studies were performed in rural areas. Objective: This cross–sectional study investigated the associations between BMI and cognitive impairment among community–dwelling older adults from rural and urban areas. Methods: 8,221 older persons enrolled in the Hubei Memory & Ageing Cohort Study (HMACS) were recruited. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data, comorbidities, physical measurements, and clinical diagnoses of cognitive impairment were analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to assess the associations of BMI categories with cognitive impairment. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to test whether reverse causality could influence our results. Results: Being underweight in the rural–dwelling participants increased the risk of cognitive impairment. Being overweight was a protective factor in rural–dwelling participants aged 65–69 years and 75–79 years, whereas being underweight was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR, 1.37; 95% CI: 1.03–1.83; p < 0.05). Sensitivity analyses support that underweight had an additive effect on the odds of cognitive impairment and was related to risk of dementia. Interaction test revealed that the differences between urban/rural in the relationship between BMI and cognitive impairment are statistically significant. Conclusion: Associations between BMI and cognitive impairment differ among urban/rural groups. Older people with low BMI living in rural China are at a higher risk for dementia than those living in urban areas.
Pre-Statistical Considerations for Harmonization of Cognitive Instruments: Harmonization of ARIC, CARDIA, CHS, FHS, MESA, and NOMAS
Authors: Briceño Emily M. , Gross Alden L. , Giordani Bruno J. , Manly Jennifer J. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Sidney Stephen , Hingtgen Stephanie , Sacco Ralph L. , Wright Clinton B. , Fitzpatrick Annette , Fohner Alison E. , Mosley Thomas H. , Yaffe Kristine , Levine Deborah A.
Published: August 2021

Background: Meta-analyses of individuals’ cognitive data are increasing to investigate the biomedical, lifestyle, and sociocultural factors that influence cognitive decline and dementia risk. Pre-statistical harmonization of cognitive instruments is a critical methodological step for accurate cognitive data harmonization, yet specific approaches for this process are unclear. Objective: To describe pre-statistical harmonization of cognitive instruments for an individual-level meta-analysis in the blood pressure and cognition (BP COG) study. Methods: We identified cognitive instruments from six cohorts (the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, Framingham Offspring Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and Northern Manhattan Study) and conducted an extensive review of each item’s administration and scoring procedures, and score distributions. Results: We included 153 cognitive instrument items from 34 instruments across the six cohorts. Of these items, 42%were common across ≥2 cohorts. 86%of common items showed differences across cohorts. We found administration, scoring, and coding differences for seemingly equivalent items. These differences corresponded to variability across cohorts in score distributions and ranges. We performed data augmentation to adjust for differences. Conclusion: Cross-cohort administration, scoring, and procedural differences for cognitive instruments are frequent and need to be assessed to address potential impact on meta-analyses and cognitive data interpretation. Detecting and accounting for these differences is critical for accurate attributions of cognitive health across cohort studies.
Genetically Predicted Coffee Consumption and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Stroke
Authors: Zhang Zhizhong , Wang Mengmeng , Yuan Shuai , Cai Huan , Zhu Shuang-Gen , Liu Xinfeng
Published: August 2021

Background: Observational studies have reported that coffee consumption was associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and stroke risk. However, the results are inconclusive. Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether genetically predicted coffee consumption is associated with AD and stroke using Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Methods: Summary-level data for AD (n = 54,162), ischemic stroke (n = 440,328), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH, n = 3,026) were adopted from publicly available databases. Summary-level data for coffee consumption were obtained from two genome-wide association studies, comprising up to 375,833 subjects. Results: Genetically predicted coffee consumption (cups/day) was associated with an increased risk of AD (OR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.05–1.51). Moreover, genetically predicted 50%increase of coffee consumption was associated with an increased risk of ICH (OR: 2.27, 95%CI: 1.08–4.78) but a decreased risk of small vessel stroke (OR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.51–0.996). Estimate for AD and ICH in FinnGen consortium is directionally consistent. Combined analysis of different databases further confirmed that genetically predicted coffee consumption was associated with an increased risk of AD and ICH. In the multivariable MR analysis, genetically predicted coffee consumption retained a stable effect with AD and ICH when adjusting for smoking (p < 0.05), while the association with AD attenuated when adjusting for alcohol use. Conclusion: Our results indicate that genetically predicted coffee consumption may be associated with an increased risk of AD and ICH. The underlying biological mechanisms warrant further study.
Goals of Care Conversations and Subsequent Advance Care Planning Outcomes for People with Dementia
Authors: Ma Heather , Kiekhofer Rachel E. , Hooper Sarah M. , Dulaney Sarah , Possin Katherine L. , Chiong Winston
Published: August 2021

Background: Advance care planning has been shown to improve end of life decision-making for people with dementia. However, the impact of goals of care conversations between people with dementia and their caregivers has not been characterized. Objective: In this study, we evaluate the association between goals of care conversations and advance care planning outcomes. Methods: Retrospective advance care planning measures were collected via a questionnaire administered to 166 caregivers after the death of the person with dementia for whom they provided care. Results: At time of death, the majority of decedents with dementia had advance directives, health care agents, and previous goals of care conversations with their caregiver. Goals of care conversations were significantly associated with the perceived usefulness of advance directives, the perceived adherence to advance directives, and decedent dying at their desired place of death, but not with disagreements around end-of-life care. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that goals of care conversations are an important component of advance care planning. These findings support the development of interventions that facilitate such conversations between people with dementia and their caregivers.
Cloud e-mail security: An accurate e-mail spam classification based on enhanced binary differential evolution (BDE) algorithm
Authors: Hamed Nadir O. , Samak Ahmed H. , Ahmad Mostafa A.
Published: August 2021

The evolution of technology has brought new challenges and opportunities for the different dimensions of feature space. The higher dimension of the feature space is one of the most critical issues in e-mail classification problems due to accuracy considerations. The problem of finding the subset features that significantly influence the performance of e-mail spam classification has become one of the important challenges. This paper proposes to overcome such a problem, an intelligent approach to Binary Differential Evolution Support Vector Machine (BDE-SVM). The proposed approach enhances the Binary Differential Evolution (BDE) algorithm based on the correlation coefficient as a fitness function to select the significant subset feature evaluated by an SVM classifier. To our best of knowledge, the correlation coefficient as the fitness function has not been used in the differential evolution algorithm before. The selected subset feature is used to assess the most features that contribute to the reliability of the email spam classification. The finding of the enhanced BDE is to present a powerful accuracy. The tests were conducted using “Spambase” and “SpamAssassin.” Identified benchmark datasets are to assess the feasibility of the proposed solution. The result with full-feature accuracy was 93.55 percent compared to the proposed BDE-SVM approach, which is 93.99 percent. Empirical findings also show that our method is capable of effectively increasing the number of features required to enhance the reliability of the email spam classification.
Major cardiorespiratory events do not increase after immunizations, eye exams, and other stressors in most very low birth weight infants
Authors: Sullivan Brynne A. , Ahmad S. Mazin , Slevin Claire C. , Sinkin Robert A. , Nagraj V. Peter , Fairchild Karen D.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Increased cardiorespiratory events with bradycardia and oxygen desaturation have been reported in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants following stressors such as immunizations. These events are difficult to quantify and may be mild. Our group developed an automated algorithm to analyze bedside monitor data from NICU patients for events with bradycardia and prolonged oxygen desaturation (BDs) and used this to compare BDs 24 hours before and after potentially stressful interventions. METHODS: We included VLBW infants from 2012–2017 with data available around at least one of four interventions: two-month immunizations, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examinations, ROP therapy, and inguinal hernia surgery. We used a validated algorithm to analyze electrocardiogram heart rate and pulse oximeter saturation data (HR, SpO2) to quantify BD events of HR < 100 beats/minute for≥4 seconds with oxygen desaturation < 80%SpO2 for≥10 seconds. BDs were analyzed 24 hours before and after interventions using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. RESULTS: In 354 of 493 (72%) interventions, BD frequency stayed the same or decreased in the 24 hours after the event. An increase of at least five BD’s occurred in 17/146 (12%) after immunizations, 85/290 (29%) after ROP examinations, 4/33 (12%) after ROP therapy, and 3/25 (12%) after hernia surgery. Infants with an increase in BDs after interventions had similar demographics compared to those without. More infants with an increase in BDs following immunizations were on CPAP or caffeine than those without. CONCLUSIONS: Most VLBW infants in our cohort had no increase in significant cardiorespiratory events in the 24 hours following potentially stressful interventions.
Functional relationship of arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure and intracranial pressure in the early phase after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Maissen Gabriela , Narula Gagan , Strässle Christian , Willms Jan , Muroi Carl , Keller Emanuela
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Intracranial pressure (ICP) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) are related to each other through cerebral autoregulation. Central venous pressure (CVP) is often measured to estimate cardiac filling pressures as an approximate measure for the volume status of a patient. Prior modelling efforts have formalized the functional relationship between CVP, ICP and ABP. However, these models were used to explain short segments of data during controlled experiments and have not yet been used to explain the slowly evolving ICP increase that occurs typically in patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the functional relationship between ICP, ABP and CVP recorded from SAH patients in the first five days after aneurysm. METHODS: Two methods were used to elucidate this relationship on the running average of the signals: First, using Spearman correlation coefficients calculated over 30 min segments Second, for each patient, linear state space models of ICP as the output and ABP and CVP as inputs were estimated. RESULTS: The mean and variance of the data and the correlation coefficients between ICP-ABP and ICP-CVP vary over time as the patient progresses through their stay in the ICU. On average, after an SAH event, the models show that a) ABP is the bigger driver of changes in ICP than CVP and that increasing ABP leads to reduction in ICP and (b) increasing CVP leads to an increase in ICP. CONCLUSIONS: Finding a) agrees with the hypothesis that patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage have defective autoregulation, and b) agrees with the positive correlation observed between central venous pressure and intracranial pressure in the literature.
A voz dos empreiteiros no jornal informativo Unicon: entre os textos dos cronistas e os primeiros levantes dos construtores de Itaipu no ano de 1978
Authors: Sessi Valdir , Silva Marcio Antonio Both da
Published: August 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar as relações de trabalho conflituosas durante no ano de 1978, na construção da barragem da Itaipu Binacional. A primeira análise ocorrerá por meio das crônicas iniciais publicadas no jornal corporativo Informativo UNICON, que descrevia o lugar da construção como ideal. A segunda estudará ocorrências policiais registradas no primeiro semestre de 1978 no canteiro de obras, demonstrando as contradições sobre a mobilidade urbana da construção, mas que eram publicadas secretamente. Foi neste período que ocorreram os primeiros movimentos de revoltas organizados por trabalhadores que construíram a hidrelétrica de Itaipu. Ao aproximar as crônicas e os levantes, este estudo fará um diálogo entre a “literatura”, o “tempo”, a “institucionalização” e as “inquirições”. Os textos jornalísticos, juntamente as ocorrências elaboradas pelas equipes policiais da barragem serão as fontes desse estudo, tendo como aporte teórico as obras de Edward Palmer Thompson, (2011), Norbert Elias, (1998) e Erving Goffman, (2013). Nesse sentido este mesmo “tempo,” cuja marcação se dá pelos calendários e relógios, age coercitivamente sobre o indivíduo tornando-o inflexível e alheio os aspectos institucionais compostos pelas barreiras físicas e os novos modos de vida.
Manifestações da COVID-19 em colaboradores da saúde pública de Açailândia – MA
Authors: Santos Ada Marinho dos , Barbosa Andressa Oliveira , Gomes André da Silva
Published: August 2021

A COVID-19 afeta diferentes pessoas e sua ação atua de forma distinta, assim, boa parte das pessoas infectadas não precisam ser hospitalizadas. Os sintomas mais comuns são: febre; tosse seca; cansaço. Nesse viés, a questão norteadora do referido trabalho consiste em descobrir qual foi o comportamento dos sintomas da COVID-19 em colaboradores da saúde pública de Açailândia – MA. Este trabalho tem como objetivo disponibilizar um levantamento de dados dos funcionários acompanhados com sintomatologia da COVID-19 no período de abril a outubro de 2020 sobre o comportamento dos sintomas da COVID-19 em profissionais de saúde de uma Instituição Pública. Este estudo descritivo trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, quantitativa, fundamentada em dados secundários, tendo como base o período de março a outubro de 2020, com uma amostragem de 256 funcionários (129 responderam ao questionário) de uma instituição pública localizada no município de Açailândia/MA. Válido informar que nos meses de maior contaminação não havia protocolos e medicamentos específicos, e por ser uma doença recente, a terapêutica medicamentosa e orientações se valeram do risco benefício. Além disso, um fator importante se deve ao fato de boa parte dos profissionais iniciar o tratamento precocemente. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos profissionais que apresentaram sintomas da COVID-19 são do sexo feminino, totalizando 82,9%. Em relação às medicações usadas durante o tratamento destaca-se a azitromicina (79,8%), dipirona (63,6%), ivermectina (64,3%), entre outros. A maioria dos trabalhadores, ou seja, 62,8% não possuíam nenhuma doença crônica. Além disso, foi constatado que 92,2% não precisaram ser internados por complicação após COVID-19. Por fim, conclui-se que, se iniciado precocemente o tratamento e quando há acompanhamento adequado os riscos de complicações são reduzidos. Em relação à sintomatologia, as principais queixas foram: febre; tosse seca; dor de cabeça; secreção nasal/espirros; dor de garganta; dificuldade respiratória; dor no corpo; ausência de paladar ou boca amarga; fraqueza; insônia; dor torácica; dor na região lombar; dor ao urinar; redução da libido sexual, entre outras.
Optimization of Zinc Recovery from Sphalerite Using Response Surface Methodology and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Onukwuli Okechukwu D. , Nnanwube Ikechukwu A.
Published: August 2021

Hydrometallurgical leaching process has been identified as a viable procedure for recovering metals of value from their matrices. The optimization of zinc recovery from sphalerite in nitric acid solution was carried out in this study. The Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tool in matlab were deployed for the optimization studies. RSM modeling gave optimum conditions of 73.0 °C leaching temperature, 3.48 M acid concentration, 0.027 g/mL solid/liquid ratio, 411.02 rpm stirring rate, and 82.82 minutes leaching time; with a zinc yield of 87.67 %. With PSO, about 86.9 % zinc was recovered at a leaching temperature of 69.1 °C, acid concentration of 1.8 M, solid/liquid ratio of 0.031 g/mL, stirring rate of 270 rpm and leaching time of 85 minutes. Thus, PSO and RSM proved to be good optimization tools.
Brain and other central nervous system tumor statistics, 2021
Authors: Miller Kimberly D. , Ostrom Quinn T. , Kruchko Carol , Patil Nirav , Tihan Tarik , Cioffi Gino , Fuchs Hannah E. , Waite Kristin A. , Jemal Ahmedin , Siegel Rebecca L. , Barnholtz‐Sloan Jill S.
Published: August 2021

Brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors are among the most fatal cancers and account for substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States. Population‐based data from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (a combined data set of the National Program of Cancer Registries [NPCR] and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER] registries), NPCR, National Vital Statistics System and SEER program were analyzed to assess the contemporary burden of malignant and nonmalignant brain and other CNS tumors (hereafter brain) by histology, anatomic site, age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Malignant brain tumor incidence rates declined by 0.8% annually from 2008 to 2017 for all ages combined but increased 0.5% to 0.7% per year among children and adolescents. Malignant brain tumor incidence is highest in males and non‐Hispanic White individuals, whereas the rates for nonmalignant tumors are highest in females and non‐Hispanic Black individuals. Five‐year relative survival for all malignant brain tumors combined increased between 1975 to 1977 and 2009 to 2015 from 23% to 36%, with larger gains among younger age groups. Less improvement among older age groups largely reflects a higher burden of glioblastoma, for which there have been few major advances in prevention, early detection, and treatment the past 4 decades. Specifically, 5‐year glioblastoma survival only increased from 4% to 7% during the same time period. In addition, important survival disparities by race/ethnicity remain for childhood tumors, with the largest Black‐White disparities for diffuse astrocytomas (75% vs 86% for patients diagnosed during 2009‐2015) and embryonal tumors (59% vs 67%). Increased resources for the collection and reporting of timely consistent data are critical for advancing research to elucidate the causes of sex, age, and racial/ethnic differences in brain tumor occurrence, especially for rarer subtypes and among understudied populations.
The effect of moderate versus high intensity exercise on heart rate variability in sedentary office workers
Authors: Gangwar Vibha , Verma Manish Kumar , Gangwar Ritesh Singh , John Nitin Ashok , Jasrotia Rajani Bala
Published: August 2021

Background: Sedentary behavior is one of the leading modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Physical exercise exerts beneficial physiological effects on cardiovascular fitness. Different grades of physical exercise have different effects on cardiovascular health. Objective: To compare the effect of moderate and high intensity exercise training on heart rate variability (HRV) in sedentary office workers.
Methods: This study was conducted on 40 healthy sedentary volunteers aged between 20-40 years of both the genders. Participants were distributed into two groups of 20 subjects each. Subjects of group I and group II performed moderate intensity and high intensity exercise respectively on bicycle ergometer for 12 weeks. Their 5- minute ECG recording was done by three channel physiograph, and frequency domain indices of HRV and heart rate (HR) were analyzed and compared before and after exercise training. Their blood pressure was also recorded and compared before and after exercise training. Independent sample t-test and paired sample ttest were used for statistical analysis.
Results: HF, systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduced significantly after exercise in group II (p=0.015, 0.005, and 0.015 respectively) while HR and LF/HF ratio reduced in both group I and group II (p=0.000 for HR, and 0.034, 0.001 for LF/HF). The decrease in HR was greater after high intensity exercise than moderate intensity exercise (p= 0.025).
Conclusion: Parasympathetic activity improves after moderate and high intensity exercise but improvement is more after high intensity exercise training. Therefore, high intensity exercise training is more beneficial than moderate intensity exercise training.
J Bngladesh Soc Physiol 2021;16(1): 16-23
Vitamin B12, Folic acid and Homocysteine Levels in female metabolic syndrome patients and their relationship with Heart rate variability.
Authors: Akter Khaleda , Akter Halima , Nurjahan Fatema , Sultana Shamima , Begum Shelina
Published: August 2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MeS) is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia resulting from deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid. Both the MeS and hyperhomocysteinemia adversely affect heart rate variability.
Objectives: To assess vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine levels in female metabolic syndrome patients and their relationship with heart rate variability.
Methods: After taking ethical clearance from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) this cross sectional study was conducted on 80 female subjects of 25-45 years of age. Among them 40 metabolic syndrome patients were included in the study group and 40 age matched apparently healthy female constituted control group. All the patients were enrolled from Outpatient Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh according to selection criteria. Serum vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine level was estimated by chemiluminescent immunoassay and frequency domain parameters of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was recorded by a data acquisition device, Powerlab 8/35, AD instruments, Australia. Statistical aalysis was done by independent sample ‘t’ test and pearson correlation test.
Results: In this study, among frequency domain HRV variables Total power(TP), low frequency power(LF), high frequency power (HF), HF normalized unit(nu) were significantly lower (p<0.05) and LF nu, LF/HF were significantly higher (p<0.05) in MS patients compared to those of control. In addition, no significant changes (p>0.05) were found in serum vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine levels between these two groups. But on correlation analysis only the folic acid level was significantly negatively correlated (p<0.05) with LF and HF power.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the folic acid level but not the vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels has significant negative correlation with heart rate variability in female MS.
J Bngladesh Soc Physiol 2021;16(1): 24-32
Effects of hyperthyroidism on serum alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels in liver
Authors: Suma Sunjida Akter , Akhter Qazi Shamima
Published: August 2021

Background: Hyperthyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders. Thyroid hormones are essential for normal metabolic function of body cells including the liver cells. Again, metabolism of thyroid hormones takes place in liver. Therefore, hyperthyroidism may affect liver cells and causes change in hepatic enzymes level.
Objective: To assess serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in hyperthyroid patients.
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology of Dhaka Medical College from July 2016 to June 2017. Total number of 50 subjects of both sexes aged from 18 to 50 years were selected. Among them, 25 hyperthyroid patients were considered as the study group (B) and 25 age matched healthy subject were considered as control group (A). Serum ALT and ALP were estimated in the Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department of BSMMU. For statistical analysis, Unpaired student’s ‘t’ test and Chi Square test were done.
Results: Serum ALT and ALP levels were significantly (p<0.001) increased in patients suffering from hyperthyroidism.
Conclusions: This study showed that detection of changes in serum hepatic enzymes in hyperthyroidism useful for prediction of developing liver disease.
J Bngladesh Soc Physiol 2021;16(1): 44-48
Modelo del portafolio eficiente para la toma de decisiones en la producción agrícola
Authors: Alvarado Morales Ofelia , Rueda Galvis Javier Francisco , Martínez Huerta Ramón Ramón
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo de investigación analiza la problemática asociada con la toma de decisiones para los agricultores al momento de elegir la combinación óptima de comercialización de sus productos de siembra, con base en las diferentes teorías y modelos que abordan las temáticas de rendimiento, riesgo e incertidumbre. Teniendo como eje central el modelo de Markowitz, se logró establecer un Modelo de Portafolio Eficiente en función del comportamiento histórico de los precios de mercado en los periodos de siembra 2015 a 2018 de las empresas hortícolas en el Estado de Sinaloa, México, logrando ofrecer alternativas de producción que garanticen mayores niveles de rentabilidad a menor riesgo.
Qualidade de vida de crianças nascidas prematuras em fase pré escolar
Authors: Souza Daiane de Carvalho , Prado Ivanete Fernandes do , Macedo Darlyane Antunes , Silva Bartira Barros Fernandes Lessa , França Nanci Maria
Published: August 2021

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de vida de crianças nascidas prematuras em idade pré escolar. Os participantes foram 15 crianças, 09 nascidas prematuras e 06 a termo, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre quatro e seis anos. As crianças se auto avaliaram através do instrumento Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé, com a ajuda de figuras e faces que expressam diversos estados emocionais e os escores se diferenciam de modo respectivo a muito infeliz, infeliz, feliz e muito feliz. Das 15 crianças avaliadas, 60,0% nasceram prematuras, 40% a termo e 13,3% tinha desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor questionável no momento da auto avaliação. O escore médio de qualidade de vida da amostra foi de 52,3, numa escala de zero a 78, com desvio padrão de 8,7, mínimo de 35 e máximo de 65. As crianças se sentem mais felizes no dia do seu aniversário (80,0%), à mesa junto com a família (80,0%), quando pensam no pai (73,3%), quando assistem televisão (73,3%), quando estão com os avós (66,7%), quando veem uma fotografia própria (66,7%), quando pensam em quando tiver crescido (66,7%), quando pensam na mãe (60,0%), durante as férias (60,0%), à noite quando se deitam (60,0%), em momentos de brincadeira, durante o recreio escolar (60,0%), quando fazem as lições de casa (60,0%), quando os amigos falam com eles (53,3%), quando o pai ou a mãe falam com eles (53,3%). Não se observou diferença significativa entre os sexos, idades, prematuridade ou não e desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor quanto ao escore de qualidade de vida (p>0,05).
L-asparaginase: therapeutic use and applications in the food industry – a review
Authors: Oliveira Maycon Douglas de , Vaz Carlos Johnantan Tolentino , Oliveira Liliane Maciel de , Guidini Carla Zanella
Published: August 2021

L-asparaginase (L-asnase) is an amino hydrolase that has been used in the last decades for leukemia treatment, which boosted scientific studies on production, purification and immobilization of this enzyme. More recently, L-asnase has called food industry attention because of its effect on acrylamide formation in fried and baked foods. Several studies have been carried out in order to evaluate the effect of L-asnase in reducing acrylamide formation in different food models. This review brings up an overview in L-asnase kinetic parameters from different sources, immobilization methods, its therapeutic use in leukemia treatment and food processing applications. This review also discusses acrylamide formation in fried and baked foods. Commercial L-asnase is produced by two microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Erwinia sp. However, studies using different microorganisms have shown the possibility of producing this enzyme from different sources, obtaining enzymes with interesting kinetic properties. Immobilization strategies have provided enzymes with greater activity and stability, which could contribute to maintain L-asnase activity in the body for longer periods. Researches applying L-asnase in food products have shown significant reduction in acrylamide production, above 90% in some cases. For this purpose, during enzyme application some variables must be taken into account, as enzyme dose, food matrix, pretreatment, processing time and temperature. Medical and food applications make L-asnase a multipurpose enzyme. Reducing prices, improving enzyme stability and reducing co-lateral effects in leukemia treatment are still challenges to overcome.
Assistência de enfermagem domiciliar ao paciente com artrite reumatoide: práticas educativas
Authors: Santos Allan Bruno Alves de Sousa , Marques Victor Guilherme Pereira da Silva , Sousa Kaline Oliveira de , Silveira Júlia Mesko , Silva Thays Almeida da , Pardelhas Maria Eduarda de Barros , Oliveira Junior Edilson Josué de , Santos Isabelly Raiane Silva dos , Costa Gabriella Pacheco , Macedo Juliana Mendonça Baía de , Silva Ramon Lima , Barroso Igor Dias , Silva Ana Carolina do Nascimento Simões da , Esteves Marcus Vinícius Braga , Matos Dalton Ferreira , Magalhães Anna Beatriz de Sant’Anna Nery Andrade , Santana Ellen Amanda Silva de , Silva Joyce Quirino da , Jaques Allan Francisco Costa , Silva João Felipe Tinto , Assunção Adriana Araujo , Martins Victória Maria Pontes , Oliveira Efânia Cristina Amaral de , Pereira Carmem Dias dos Santos , Coêlho Luana Pereira Ibiapina , Guedes Thiemmy de Souza Almeida , Silva Elias Paulo da , Fonseca Mirian Ester Gomes , Almeida Evellyn Maria Silva de , Barros Regilane Silva , Nascimento Máyra Geovanna Gonzaga , Teixeira Leandro Barbosa
Published: August 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo buscar na literatura as atividades realizadas pela equipe de enfermagem no âmbito domiciliar para promover uma melhor qualidade de vida à pessoa com artrite reumatoide, enfatizando a importância da educação em saúde. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo revisão integrativa. A busca ocorreu nas bases de dados: LILACS; BDENF e no portal Scielo. Foram utilizados os descritores “Artrite reumatoide; Enfermagem domiciliar; Educação em saúde.”, selecionados na lista dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECs), e cruzados com o operador booleano “AND” e “OR”. A pesquisa ocorreu no período de junho a julho de 2021. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 7 estudos usados na pesquisa. A assistência de enfermagem a pessoa com artrite reumatoide no âmbito domiciliar, apontou-se ser de extrema importância, desenvolvendo ações educacionais, de cuidado e incentivo ao autocuidado, atividades essas, que se efetivaram como fator essencial para o prognostico positivo do paciente. Conclui-se que o estudo é relevante à medida que proporciona conhecer as atividades desempenhadas pela equipe de enfermagem no âmbito domiciliar, apresentando conceitos e ações em todas as dimensões do cuidado, e assim estimula-se a produção de novos estudos acerca da temática, objetivando que futuramente as ações educacionais e de cuidado, sejam mais eficazes e presentes no âmbito domiciliar.
A temática “Saúde da Mulher” na Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento: Análise de uma década (2010-2020)
Authors: Araujo Gustavo Baroni , Afonso Thyago de Oliveira , Apolinário Joelma Maria dos Santos da Silva , Silva Mariana Pereira Barbosa , Barbosa Lorrane de Sousa
Published: August 2021

O número de mulheres no Brasil é superior ao de homens. A população brasileira é composta por 51,8% de mulheres e 48,2% de homens. Com o propósito de atender essa demanda, foram criadas estratégias para garantir atenção à saúde da mulher. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as publicações sobre saúde da mulher na Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento partindo da relevância da discussão de aspectos nutricionais no que diz respeito ao cuidado integral à saúde da mulher. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão retrospectiva, bibliográfica e exploratória, realizado entre os meses de maio e junho de 2021, com abordagem descritiva, na base de dados “Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento” através dos descritores/palavras-chave “Saúde da Mulher”, “Saúde”, “Mulher” e “Mulheres”. No total, foram localizados nove artigos. A maior prevalência encontrada foram estudos descritivos, em diversas subáreas do conhecimento, como aspectos epidemiológicos, sociodemográficos da atividade física nas mulheres, tratando modalidades de exercícios físicos em respostas e ajustes metabólicos apresentando atividades preventivas no que se refere aos cuidados nutricionais que ampliam os cuidados em saúde nas mulheres, evitando possíveis prejuízos e adiando o desenvolvimento e agravo de doenças. Conclui-se que a garantia dos cuidados em saúde parte do princípio multidisciplinar e que as questões quanto à alimentação podem interferir em desfechos em saúde, portanto, os profissionais da saúde devem ter conhecimento sobre as características dessa população e para que isso ocorra é importante que exista um conhecimento especifico pautado nas particularidades dessa população.
Conhecimentos e atitudes da equipe de enfermagem de uma maternidade na promoção da termorregulação neonatal
Authors: Dantas Milena Alves , Morais Rita de Cássia Melão de
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: analisar os conhecimentos e atitudes da equipe de enfermagem para promoção da termorregulação neonatal. Método: realizaram-se 11 entrevistas semiestruturadas, nos meses de novembro a dezembro de 2020, com membros da equipe de enfermagem da maternidade de um Hospital Universitário, posteriormente submetidas a análise temática e categorizadas em duas unidades temáticas intituladas: conhecimentos da equipe e atitudes da equipe. Resultados: percebeu-se uma lacuna de conhecimento entre profissionais técnicos e enfermeiros sobre o tema. Os participantes souberam elucidar corretamente as repercussões clínicas da termorregulação inadequada, e citaram os recursos materiais disponíveis para promovê-la, tais como berço aquecido e incubadora. Referente aos cuidados de enfermagem, principalmente o banho, percebeu-se que a equipe segue as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde e do Ministério da Saúde, mas estas foram tardiamente implementadas na maternidade. Conclusão: a maioria das atitudes corroboram com as recomendações mais atuais para a promoção e manutenção da termorregulação do neonato.