bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal and sub‐optimal rate and power allocation for random networks
Authors: Nativ Zucker Sapir , Bergel Itsik
Published: January 2023

We consider the power and rate allocation for a transmission in a wireless network where the transmitter knows the channel state of the desired receiver but only knows the statistics of the interferes. While this scenario is often encountered in practice, and extremely important in dense networks, its optimal solution was not yet known. The analysis considers nodes that are distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson point process, and hence applies both to cellular and to ad‐hoc networks. We derive (for the first time) the optimal power allocation at a node, based only on the channel gain to its desired receiver. We also derive the optimal rate allocation in networks that are characterized by the outage rate model. Considering sub‐optimal allocations, we advocate the use of the simple threshold scheduling scheme for power allocation and linear rate adaptation for rate allocation. We prove that these suboptimal schemes are close to optimal, for any channel fading. We also present simulation results over Rayleigh fading channels that show a maximum loss of 1.5% between the advocated schemes and the optimal schemes.
Human‐caused mortality triggers pack instability in gray wolves
Authors: Cassidy Kira A , Borg Bridget L , Klauder Kaija J , Sorum Mathew S , Thomas‐Kuzilik Rebecca , Dewey Sarah R , Stephenson John A , Stahler Daniel R , Gable Thomas D , Bump Joseph K , Homkes Austin T , Windels Steve K , Smith Douglas W
Published: January 2023

Transboundary movement of wildlife results in some of the most complicated and unresolved wildlife management issues across the globe. Depending on the location and managing agency, gray wolf (Canis lupus) management in the US ranges from preservation to limited hunting to population reduction. Most wildlife studies focus on population size and growth rate to inform management, but relatively few examine species biological processes at scales aside from that of the population. This is especially important for group‐living species such as the gray wolf, for which the breeding unit is the social group. We analyzed data for gray wolf packs living primarily within several US National Park Service units (years of data): Denali National Park and Preserve (33 years), Grand Teton National Park (23 years), Voyageurs National Park (12 years), Yellowstone National Park (27 years), and Yukon‐Charley Rivers National Preserve (23 years). We identified two gray wolf biological processes that differed from population size – namely, pack persistence and reproduction – and determined that while human‐caused mortality had negative effects on both, pack size had a moderating effect on the impacts of mortality.
From financial wealth shocks to ill‐health: Allostatic load and overload
Authors: French Declan
Published: January 2023

A number of studies have associated financial wealth changes with health‐related outcomes arguing that the effect is due to psychological distress and is immediate. In this paper, I examine this relationship for cumulative shocks to the financial wealth of American retirees using the allostatic load model of pathways from stress to poor health. Wealth shocks are identified from Health and Retirement Study reports of stock ownership along with significant negative discontinuities in high‐frequency S&P500 index data. I find that a one standard deviation increase in cumulative shocks over two years increases the probability of elevated blood pressure by 9.5%, increases waist circumference by 1.2% and the cholesterol ratio by 6.1% for those whose wealth is all in shares. My findings suggest that the combined effect of random shocks to financial wealth over time is salient for health outcomes. This is consistent with the allostatic load model in which repeated activation of stress responses leads to cumulative wear and tear on the body.
Presence and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of c‐met Receptor in Human Sperm
Authors: HERNESS ELIZABETH A. , NAZ RAJESH K.
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT: The c‐met receptor is a p190MET tyrosine kinase protooncoprotein that through its binding to its ligand, designated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), induces mitogenic, motogenic, and morphogenic activities in a variety of cell types. The present study was conducted to examine whether or not the c‐met receptor is expressed and tyrosine phosphorylated in the human sperm cell. The Western blot analysis, using a monoclonal antibody (MAb2) directed against the extracellular domain of the c‐met receptor, showed a specific band of 195 kDa corresponding to the intact c‐met receptor in the detergent‐solubilized human sperm preparation (HSP). This protein band was not recognized by the control myeloma Ig (immunoglobin). In the immunoprecipitation procedure, a similar specific band of 195 kDa and a 145‐kDa band corresponding to the β‐subunit of c‐met receptor were seen. In the indirect immunofluorescence technique, the c‐met receptor was localized predominantly in the acrosomal region of the sperm cell. The c‐met receptor was tyrosine phosphorylated/autophosphorylated during capacitation and in the cell‐free in vitro kinase assay. Incubation of human sperm with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or MAb2 to c‐met receptor enhanced the degree of tyrosine phosphorylation/autophosphorylation of the c‐met receptor up to 5.1‐fold. These findings indicate that the c‐met receptor is present in the acrosomal region of human sperm cell and is tyrosine phosphorylated, which is enhanced by HGF and the receptor antibody. The c‐met system may have an important role in sperm function.
In Vitro Sperm‐Binding Assay to Distinguish Differences in Populations of Human Sperm or Damage to Sperm Resulting From Cryopreservation
Authors: AMANN RUPERT P. , SHABANOWITZ ROBERT B. , HUSZAR GABOR , BRODER STEPHAN J.
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT: Annually, >1.3 million men are members of couples seeking help because of infertility. Semen from many of these men contains reasonable numbers of motile and normal sperm, but for a subset of individuals, many sperm are deficient in ability to bind to the zona pellucida during in vitro fertilization. Diagnosis of this defect has been hampered by lack of a low‐cost test. Molecular similarity exists between the perivitelline membrane of a hen's egg and the mammalian zona pellucida. These facts and some preliminary data led to evaluation of binding of human sperm during incubation for 60 minutes at 37°C to an extract of chicken perivitelline membrane coated in microwell assay plates. The sperm‐binding assay had inter‐and intraassay plate variations of 21 and 12%, respectively, using washed fresh sperm. All seminal samples were normal, except a few that had 36 to 50% motile sperm with a low rate of sperm movement (if there is a low rate of movement, World Health Organization [WHO] criterion for normalcy is >50% motile). Nevertheless, this sperm‐binding assay detected differences among individuals in percentage of sperm bound. Based on data for two to four ejaculates from each of eight occasional sperm donors, the coefficient of variation for ejaculates within donor averaged 31%, and means for the donors differed (P < 0.02). Percentage of sperm bound ranged from <1 to 38% for fresh semen from 57 men and from <1 to 13% for frozen–thawed semen from 34 men. Percentage of motile sperm accounted for <30% of the variation in percentage of sperm bound. In a direct comparison based on 17 ejaculates, aliquots evaluated fresh averaged 13% sperm bound, versus 2% for frozen–thawed aliquots. We concluded that the egg membrane substrate used in these microwell assay plates might serve as the basis for a diagnostic assay. However, it remains to be established whether samples of human semen with a low percentage of sperm binding indeed have relatively low fertilizing potential.
N‐Propargylic β‐enaminones in breast cancer cells: Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle analyses
Authors: Ilhan Suleyman , Atmaca Harika , Yilmaz Elif Serel , Korkmaz Esra , Zora Metin
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and the discovery of new cytotoxic agents is needed. Enaminones are regarded to be a significant structural motif that is found in a variety of pharmacologically active compounds however the number of studies investigating the anticancer activities of N‐propargylic β‐enaminones (NPEs) is limited. Herein we investigated the potential cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of 23 different NPEs (1‐23) on human breast cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated via MTT assay. Apoptotic cell death and cell cycle distributions were investigated by flow cytometry. CM‐H2DCFDA dye was used to evaluate cellular ROS levels. Expression levels of Bcl‐2, Bax, p21, and Cyclin D1 were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR. ADME properties were calculated using the ADMET 2.0 tool. NPEs 4, 9, 16, and 21 showed selective cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells with SI values >2. NPEs induced apoptosis and caused significant changes in Bcl‐2 and Bax mRNA levels. The cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase and levels of p21 and Cyclin D1 were upregulated in both breast cancer cells. ROS levels were significantly increased by NPEs, suggesting that the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of NPEs were mediated by ROS. ADME analysis revealed that NPEs showed favorable distributions in both breast cancer cell lines, meaning good lipophilicity values, low unfractionated values, and high bioavailability. Therefore, these potential anticancer compounds should be further validated by in vivo studies for their appropriate function in human health with a safety profile, and a comprehensive drug interaction study should be performed.
Prognostic benefit of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in heart failure: An updated meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Virk Sohaib A. , Hyun Karice , Brieger David , Sy Raymond W.
Published: January 2023

Background

The prognostic role of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure (HF) remains uncertain, with guideline recommendations largely based on a single trial. We conducted a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the prognostic impact of AF ablation in patients with HF.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for RCTs comparing ‘AF ablation’ versus ‘other care’ (medical therapy and/or atrioventricular node ablation with pacing) in patients with HF. Primary endpoints were ≥1‐year mortality, HF hospitalization and change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Meta‐analyses were performed using random‐effects modelling.

Results

Nine RCTs (n = 1462) met inclusion criteria. Compared to ‘other care’, AF ablation significantly reduced ≥1‐year mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.65; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.49–0.87) and HF hospitalization (RR 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51–0.81). AF ablation demonstrated significantly greater improvement in LVEF (mean difference [MD] 5.4; 95% CI, 4.4–6.4), 6‐min walk test distance (MD 21.5 meters; 95% CI, 4.6–38.4) and quality of life as measured by Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score (MD 7.2; 95% CI, 2.8–11.7). Meta‐regression analyses showed the beneficial impact of AF ablation on LVEF was significantly blunted by higher prevalence of ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions

Our meta‐analysis demonstrates AF ablation is superior to ‘other care’ in improving mortality, HF hospitalization, LVEF and quality of life in patients with HF. However, the highly selected study populations in included RCTs and effect modification mediated by etiology of HF suggests these benefits do not uniformly apply across the HF population.
A mesh refinement method for low‐thrust orbit transfer problems
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Bai Yuliang , Wang Xiaogang , Cui Naigang
Published: January 2023

This paper researches the fuel‐optimal geocentric orbit transfer problem using a low‐thrust, electric propulsion. First, the transfer trajectory is divided into N burn‐coast arcs via introducing (N−1) intermediate orbits between the initial and the target orbits. By restricting the time duration of each burn, the changes in orbital states caused by one time of ignition can be represented by a discrete velocity impulse; therefore, a considerable large N, a great many optimization variables, and a months and revolutions long trajectory will be calculated to solve the optimization problem. By proposing a new transfer coordinate system, the performance index is analytically calculated, and strict constraints derived from the continuous condition between adjacent orbits are removed from the mathematical optimization model. Meanwhile, an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) method and a mesh refinement method are proposed to address the optimization problem. The mesh refinement algorithm begins with a simple bi‐impulse transfer problem, automatically increases/decreases N, and finally converges to the optimal solution. Numerical simulation shows the efficiency of the method with some classical and representative scenarios.
An adaptive observer design for denial‐of‐service attack detection in platoon
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Du Haiping , Jia Zhijuan , Cui Chi , Cheng Yage , Yan Yan
Published: January 2023

Due to the increasing demand for autonomous driving, cyber‐attacks detection nowadays receives significant attention. Among several different types of attacks, Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) attacks can consume resources and cause the system under attack to stop responding, which can be considered a time delay model affecting the response of the attacked system. To detect the possible DoS attacks in Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control platoon model, an adaptive observer design is proposed in this paper, where the time delay caused by DoS attacks can be fast and accurately estimated. To highlight the performance of the proposed adaptive observer, numerical simulations are applied and the performance is compared against the sliding mode observer in terms of the DoS attack time delay estimation convergence and accuracy.
Workplace accident analysis in the Algerian oil and gas industry
Authors: Zerrouki Hamza , Ghozlane Mohamed Djamel Eddine , Estrada Lugo Hector Diego , Patelli Edoardo
Published: January 2023

A total of 42,032 workplace accidents were reported in 2021 by the Algerian National Social Insurance Fund for Salaried Workers in Algeria, of which 38,225 were accidents within the workplace and 3807 were related to traffic accidents or other reasons. Most of these accidents were recorded in the building and construction field, followed by the oil and gas company exploration and drilling, which comes at the forefront of the Sonatrach company. This study aims to analyze accidents in the workplace using quantitative and qualitative methods to determine the corresponding causes. Our study was carried out in collaboration with Sonatrach in south Algeria where information and reports on work accidents from years 2017 to 2021 were collected. Data acquired were classified and analyzed according to the location and time of the accident. Based on the results obtained, we found that the human factor was the main cause of most accidents due to nonrespect of safety procedures and lack of concentration of workers. The results of the analysis suggest implementation of a break time during the afternoon, avoiding long overtime hours, suspending work outside stations during high temperatures periods in July and August as well as suspending work when sandstorms appear in winter.
Significant Structure Modulation in Polar Antiferromagnet FeCoMo3O8
Authors: Zhang Chenjia , Zhao Yu , Nie Hao , Zheng Can , Li Fei , Zhou Dingran , Gao Ruishuai , Shen Hongxian , Jiang Sida , Zhang Lunyong , Sun Jianfei
Published: January 2023

The discovery of giant magnetoelectric effect in Fe2Mo3O8 has sparked considerable interest in investigating the novel effects of M2Mo3O8 (M = Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) family, in particular the emergent physics driven by the M‐site ions. Herein, the structural evolution due to M‐site mixing is studied in the compound FeCoMo3O8 whose unit cell volume and lattice constant are slightly tuned compared with those of Fe2Mo3O8 and Co2Mo3O8. However, significant structure distortion occurs on the octahedron and tetrahedron as a result of the relaxation of the unbalanced force, caused by the distinction of the M ion radius in the mixing case. The octahedron and tetrahedron are shifted toward each other along the c‐axis which increases the coplanarity of the Fe and Co ions. The octahedron is compressed along the D3d‐symmetry axis and its bonds are elongated significantly. A complex tension‐like distortion is induced for the tetrahedron. Its bond along the C3v‐symmetry axis is elongated and other three bonds are shortened. The study demonstrates that ions mixing at the M sites would introduce intrigue structure modulation in the M2Mo3O8 family, which would tune the electronic orbit structure. This may shed new light on understanding the emergent behaviors of the material family.
Robot‐assisted versus navigated transpedicular spine fusion: A comparative study
Authors: Romagna Alexander , Sperker Sarah , Lumenta Christianto , Tomasino Andre , Schwartz Christoph , Lehmberg Jens , Zausinger Stefan , Schul David
Published: January 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes between a robot‐assisted versus a navigated transpedicular fusion technique.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included patients who underwent transpedicular posterior fusion of the spine due to trauma, pyogenic spondylodiscitis and osteoporosis. Surgery was done either with a robot‐assisted or a percutaneous navigated transpedicular fusion technique. The outcome analysis included the duration of surgery, the radiation exposure, the postoperative screw position and complications.

Results

A total of 60 patients were operated and 491 screws were analysed. No statistical difference was seen in the applied cumulative effective radiation dose per patient. The radiological assessment revealed a more accurate screw placement with robot assistance. A learning curve could be observed in robot‐assisted fusion.

Conclusion

Robot‐assisted and navigated transpedicular fusion techniques are both effective and safe. Robot‐assisted transpedicular spine fusion goes along with higher placement accuracy but its implementation needs an adequate learning curve.
The impact of correlated exposures and missing data on multiple informant models used to identify critical exposure windows
Authors: Bather Jemar R. , Horton Nicholas J. , Coull Brent A. , Williams Paige L.
Published: January 2023

There has been heightened interest in identifying critical windows of exposure for adverse health outcomes; that is, time points during which exposures have the greatest impact on a person's health. Multiple informant models implemented using generalized estimating equations (MIM GEEs) have been applied to address this research question because they enable statistical comparisons of differences in associations across exposure windows. As interest rises in using MIMs, the feasibility and appropriateness of their application under settings of correlated exposures and partially missing exposure measurements requires further examination. We evaluated the impact of correlation between exposure measurements and missing exposure data on the power and differences in association estimated by the MIM GEE and an inverse probability weighted extension to account for informatively missing exposures. We assessed these operating characteristics under a variety of correlation structures, sample sizes, and missing data mechanisms considering various exposure‐outcome scenarios. We showed that applying MIM GEEs maintains higher power when there is a single critical window of exposure and exposure measures are not highly correlated, but may result in low power and bias under other settings. We applied these methods to a study of pregnant women living with HIV to explore differences in association between trimester‐specific viral load and infant neurodevelopment.
Applying risk assessment methods to the sex trafficking process: A feasibility study
Authors: Laux Chad , Seigfried‐Spellar Kathryn C. , Guerra Laura Martínez , Lint Gianna S.
Published: January 2023

Sex trafficking is the fastest‐growing organized criminal activity. Trafficking organizations are driven by profit and provide a service due to existing demand. We examined the feasibility of applying risk assessment methods to understand the problem of sex trafficking from a systems perspective. Focusing on Indiana, we recruited and trained subject matter experts (SMEs) in risk assessment methodologies utilized in Six Sigma (SS); specifically Cause and Effect (C&E) Matrix and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The research team developed a sex trafficking business process map (BPM) and prioritized activities by applying a C&E Matrix to identify the process steps with the potential for disruption. The most common failure modes (FMEA) identified by the SMEs included the trafficker or customer being caught followed by the victim being rescued. We conclude that an SS risk assessment approach is a viable framework in understanding the system of sex trafficking. Limitations and future research suggestions are discussed.
Identification of Subsurface Structures Using H/V Curves from Earthquake Recordings: Application to Seismic Stations in Switzerland
Authors: Chieppa Dario , Hobiger Manuel , Nagashima Fumiaki , Kawase Hiroshi , Fäh Donat
Published: January 2023

We performed a study to test the performances of the Hybrid Heuristic Search (HHS) algorithm (Nagashima et al. 2014) using earthquake recordings at 23 instrumented sites in Switzerland. The HHS algorithm is based on the diffuse field theory and estimates the P- and S-wave velocity profiles by inverting horizontal-to vertical spectral ratio (H/V) curves of earthquake recordings. In this study we inverted the H/V curves computed using the arrivals of local and regional earthquakes with a maximum local magnitude of 4.6. We compared the results of the inversion technique to the information available for each investigated site (e.g., site characterization analysis). Our results emphasize the importance of site characterization data for the definition of the parameter space in the near surface, and the potential to extend the investigated depth to much higher depths than the standard site characterization measurements. The additional constraints in the inversion are important to drive the inversion towards a unique solution. Our analysis confirms the potential of the HHS algorithm to invert the full earthquake H/V curve for subsurface investigation and its applicability to areas with low magnitude earthquakes. In addition, the HHS algorithm can be a useful technique to investigate deeper structures and extend the velocity profile to depths that are not resolved by classical site characterization techniques.
Sterile Punktion großer Gelenke
Authors: Labmayr Viktor , Eckhart Franz Josef , Smolle Maria , Klim Sebastian , Fischerauer Stefan Franz , Bernhardt Gerwin , Seibert Franz Josef
Published: January 2023

Ziel

Die Punktion großer Gelenke erfolgt einerseits zur Diagnostik und andererseits zur Behandlung von Gelenkspathologien. Mittels Punktion kann eine rasche Schmerzreduktion durch Entlastung von Ergüssen oder intraartikulären Hämatomen erfolgen. Das gewonnene Punktat erlaubt schon bei der Beschau mit dem freien Auge eine erste Einschätzung und in der Folge eine mikroskopisch-zytologische sowie mikrobiologische Befundung im Labor.

Indikationen

Die Punktion eines großen Gelenkes ist zur Diagnose und/oder Therapie bei entzündlichen, traumatischen oder postoperativen Gelenksveränderungen angezeigt. Diagnostische Punktionen dienen der Punktatgewinnung, der differentialdiagnostischen Schmerzausschaltung oder (selten) der Kontrastmittelapplikation für die Magnetresonanzarthrographie. Therapeutische Punktionen ermöglichen die Injektion von Medikamenten oder plättchenreichem Plasma (PRP) sowie die Entlastung bzw. Drainage von Ergüssen.

Kontraindikationen

Bei entzündlichen und insbesondere eitrigen Hautveränderungen im Punktionsbereich sind Gelenkpunktionen kontraindiziert.

Obwohl keine absolute Kontraindikation, ist bei Einnahme blutgerinnungswirksamer Substanzen Vorsicht geboten.

Operationstechnik

Besonderes Augenmerk ist auf ein steriles Vorgehen zu legen. Unnötige Schmerzen können durch das sterile Setzen einer Lokalanästhesiequaddel, „sichere“ Punktionspunkte sowie vorsichtiges Hantieren mit den Punktionskanülen vermieden werden.

Weiterbehandlung

Punktate müssen entsprechend den lokalen, intrahospitalen Richtlinien zeitgerecht aufgearbeitet bzw. entsorgt werden. Die Punktionsstellen werden mit sterilem Pflasterverband abgedeckt, bei Medikamentenapplikation die Gelenke zur Verteilung des Wirkstoffes passiv durchbewegt. Danach erfolgt eine Kompressionsbehandlung mit elastischer Bandage von distal nach proximal bis über die Punktionsstelle zur Vermeidung von Nachblutungen oder sofortiger Ergussneubildung.

Fakten

Werden sämtliche Maßnahmen der Sterilität bei der Punktion großer Gelenke eingehalten, ist davon auszugehen, dass Infektionen mit 0,04–0,08 % (4 bis 8/10.000 Punktionen) nur sehr selten auftreten. Das Risiko für falsch positive Erregernachweise ist äußerst gering.
Bayerisches Meldeportal für Corona-Reihenuntersuchungen – Entwicklung und Einsatz einer digitalen Lösung in der Pandemie
Authors: Flöter Jessica , Roll Julia , Kirchner Anna , Hung Chu-Wei , Riedl Anna , Kotula Katharina , Mühle-Schäffer Ursula , Tomandl Johanna , Ewert Thomas , Heinrich Ralf , Schlegel Christoph , Markl Christian , Nennstiel Uta , Liebl Bernhard , Weidner Christian , Wildner Manfred , Keil Thomas , Stupp Carolin
Published: January 2023

Zur Unterstützung der Entscheidungsträger werden in der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie unterschiedlichste Daten erhoben, um ein möglichst genaues Lagebild zur Steuerung von Pandemiemaßnahmen zu erhalten. Nur wenig hilfreich sind dabei sowohl Papier und Stift als auch der Versand einzelner medienbruchbehafteter Dateien, die später zusammengefügt werden müssen. Es wird eine solide und zeitnah zur Verfügung stehende Datengrundlage benötigt. Das Bayerische Meldeportal für Corona-Reihenuntersuchungen (BayCoRei) stellt mit der gewählten Systemarchitektur eine zentrale bayernweit einheitliche digitale Lösung dar, die agil und einfach zu bedienen ist. BayCoRei greift auf bereits etablierte technische Komponenten und Schnittstellen zurück. Neben den technischen Komponenten spielt die Unterstützung der einzelnen Akteure (Gesundheitsämter, Leistungserbringer, Bezirksregierungen etc.) eine entscheidende Rolle für den Erfolg der Lösung. Dieser Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel von BayCoRei und 2 anderen Online-Meldeportalen, welche Technik und Architektur sich für einen (eiligen) Aufbau etabliert haben, aber ebenso, wo sich Wunsch und Wirklichkeit auch im Hinblick auf die Steuerung der Pandemiemaßnahmen unterscheiden.
Understanding the ablation rate of Holmium:YAG and thulium fiber lasers. Perspectives from an in vitro study
Authors: Basulto-Martínez Mario , Proietti Silvia , Pavia Maria Pia , Yeow Yuyi , Eisner Brian H. , Giusti Guido
Published: January 2023

This study sought to analyze the ablation rates of Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) and thulium fiber laser (TFL) under different settings combinations. Lasering was carried out by a computed spiral pattern through a stepper motor bearing a laser fiber. BegoStones were placed inside a water container and lasered therein and the ablation rate was calculated. Different combinations were tested for ~12 Watts (W) for Ho:YAG and TFL lasers. Further 25 W combination for TFL were conducted testing higher frequencies. One-hundred-one experiments were conducted. Under ~12 W, the highest ablation rate for Ho:YAG was obtained with 40 Hz/0.3 J, and Virtual Basket™ (VB) emission mode [114.35 (88.30 – 126.40) mg/min] whereas for TFL, using 40 Hz/0.3 J, and long pulse [143.40 (137.40 – 146) mg/min]. A matched-comparison for 12 Hz/1 J settings showed that TFL outperformed Ho:YAG using medium pulse [63.30 (55.30 – 81.30) vs 132.00 (115.70 – 228.60) mg/min, p=0.016] and long pulse [62.90 (51.60 – 78.90) vs 134.70 (110.60 – 149.30) mg/min, p=0.016]. In the 40 Hz/0.3 J settings, TFL outperformed Ho:YAG (p=0.034). Nonetheless, Ho:YAG with VB’s ablation rate increased [114.35 (88.30 – 126.40)], being comparable to that of TFL with medium pulse [127.5 (88.90 – 141.70)] (p=0.400). In TFL 25 W experiments, the ablation rate of 500 Hz / 0.05 J, was higher than those of 1000 Hz / 0.025 J (p=0.049). TFL ablation rate is higher than that of Ho:YAG. Moreover, the Virtual Basket™ emission mode, increased Ho:YAG ablation rates, resulting reaching similar to that of TFL in certain modalities.
“Therapy without a therapist?” The experiences of adolescents and their parents of online behavioural activation for depression with and without therapist support
Authors: Andersson Rebecca , Vigerland Sarah , Ahlen Johan , Widström Hanna , Unger Irma , Serlachius Eva , Engberg Hedvig
Published: January 2023

Behavioural Activation (BA) is an established treatment for adults with depression, and research on BA for adolescents is promising. However, there is a knowledge gap in terms of the experiences of adolescents and their parents BA for depression delivered online. Furthermore, there have been no previous studies conducted on the experiences of respondents with regard to the role of the therapist in online treatment. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to explore the experiences of online BA among adolescents with depression and how their parents experience supporting their adolescent through treatment. Second, the experiences of having online therapy with or without a therapist were explored. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight adolescents and nine parents (n = 17) who completed guided or self-guided online BA. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify aspects of the experience of treatment that were important to adolescents and their parents. Two main themes were generated: (1) opportunities or barriers to engaging in treatment and (2) parental involvement is valued and welcomed. This study contributes valuable information regarding user experiences of BA treatment, the importance of therapist support and parental involvement in treating adolescents with depression.

Trial registration number:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04117789, Date of registration: 07 October 2019.
An experimental guide to in operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lenk Thorben , Schröder Uwe
Published: January 2023

Electrochemical Raman spectroscopy can provide valuable insights into electrochemical reaction mechanisms. However, it also shows various pitfalls and challenges. This paper gives an overview of the necessary theoretical background, crucial practical considerations for successful measurement, and guidance for in situ/in operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy. Several parameters must be optimized for suitable reaction and measurement conditions. From the experimental side, considerations for the setup, suitable signal enhancement methods, choice of material, laser, and objective lens are discussed. Different interface phenomena are reviewed in the context of data interpretation and evaluation.

Graphical Abstract
The expression of fibrosis-related genes is elevated in doxorubicin-induced senescent human dermal fibroblasts, but their secretome does not trigger a paracrine fibrotic response in non-senescent cells
Authors: Nosrati Fariba , Grillari Johannes , Azarnia Mahnaz , Nabiuni Mohammad , Moghadasali Reza , Karimzadeh Latifeh , Lämmermann Ingo
Published: January 2023

Tissue fibrosis is associated with the aging process of most of our organs, and organ aging correlates with the chronic accumulation of senescent cells. Fibrosis occurs when fibroblasts proliferate and deposit pathological amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to progressive tissue scarring and organ dysfunction. Fibroblasts play a key role in fibrosis, especially in the skin where fibroblasts are the most abundant cell type in the dermis and are mainly responsible for the synthesis of ECM. This study aims to investigate how senescent fibroblasts and their secretome influence dermal fibrosis. Here we used human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) treated with doxorubicin (doxo) to induce senescence. The senescent phenotype of these stress-induced premature senescent (SIPS) cells was confirmed with several markers. The expression of pro-fibrotic genes was quantified and finally, the impact of their secretome on the fibrotic response of non-senescent fibroblasts was assessed. Doxorubicin treatment, induced senescence in fibroblasts which has been confirmed with elevated senescence-associated β- galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, absence of BrdU incorporation, upregulation of p21, and loss of Lamin b1. Expression levels of the pro-fibrotic genes ACTA2 and FN1 increased in SIPS cells, but in contrast to studies using lung fibroblasts the secretome of these cells failed to induce a paracrine fibrotic response in non-senescent cells. In general, these results suggest that these senescent cells are potentially profibrotic, and their accumulation can trigger fibrosis in organs.
Beauty and the beast: multiple effects of wild boar rooting on butterfly microhabitat
Authors: Labadessa Rocco , Ancillotto Leonardo
Published: January 2023

Wild boar is among the most abundant ungulates in Europe and its spread is locally creating concerns as a major threat to biodiversity. However, through their rooting activity, wild boars could play an effective role in the creation of specific microhabitat resources for plants and animals. Here, we tested the hypothesis that wild boar affects the habitat suitability to threatened butterflies, by evaluating the influence of rooting on multiple key aspects of the biology and ecology of the Mediterranean endemicZerynthia cassandra. Namely, we usedZ. cassandraas a model to test the effects of wild boar rooting on adult foraging opportunities, host plant occurrence, and oviposition site selection. We found that herbaceous communities disturbed by wild boar rooting have a higher proportion of plants representing nectar resources for early-flying butterflies. We also discovered that wild boar rooting positively influences the occurrence and abundance of the larval host plant ofZ. cassandra, as well as the butterfly site selection for egg-laying. Our results indicate that wild boars may locally prove beneficial to endangered butterflies by favoring habitat quality and availability, and their role as ecosystem engineers should thus be further investigated to improve species and habitat management and conservation actions.
Isocitrate-dehydrogenase-mutant lower grade glioma in elderly patients: treatment and outcome in a molecularly characterized contemporary cohort
Authors: Dao Trong P. , Gluszak M. , Reuss D. , von Deimling A. , Wick A. , König L. , Debus J. , Herold-Mende C. , Unterberg A. , Jungk C.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Lower-grade glioma (LGG) is rare among patients above the age of 60 (“elderly”). Previous studies reported poor outcome, likely due to the inclusion of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype astrocytomas and advocated defensive surgical and adjuvant treatment. This study set out to question this paradigm analyzing a contemporary cohort of patients with IDH mutant astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma WHO grade 2 and 3.

Methods

Elderly patients treated in our department for a supratentorial, hemispheric LGG between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed for patient-, tumor- and treatment-related factors and progression-free survival (PFS) and compared to patients aged under 60. Inclusion required the availability of subtype-defining molecular data and pre- and post-operative tumor volumes.

Results

207 patients were included, among those 21 elderlies (10%). PFS was comparable between elderly and younger patients (46 vs. 54 months; p = 0.634). Oligodendroglioma was more common in the elderly (76% vs. 46%; p = 0.011). Most patients underwent tumor resection (elderly: 81% vs. younger: 91%; p = 0.246) yielding comparable residual tumor volumes (elderly: 7.8 cm3; younger: 4.1 cm3; p = 0.137). Adjuvant treatment was administered in 76% of elderly and 61% of younger patients (p = 0.163). Uni- and multi-variate survival analyses identified a tumor crossing the midline, surgical strategy, and pre- and post-operative tumor volumes as prognostic factors.

Conclusion

Elderly patients constitute a small fraction of molecularly characterized LGGs. In contrast to previous reports, favorable surgical and survival outcomes were achieved in our series comparable to those of younger patients. Thus, intensified treatment including maximal safe resection should be advocated in elderly patients whenever feasible.
Positive Facets of Suffering, Meaningful Moments, and Meaning Fulfilment: A Qualitative Approach to Positive Existential Issues in Trauma-Exposed University Students
Authors: Arredondo Arantxa Y. , Caparrós Beatriz
Published: January 2023

The possible positive consequences of trauma and its relationship to existential aspects are receiving increasing attention. However, little is known about how young individuals perceive the changed status of these profound aspects of their lives. This study aimed to explore and identify the themes of the possible positive aspects of trauma-related suffering, the most meaningful moments, and the perception of meaning realization in young individuals. A total of 139 trauma-exposed Mexican university students responded to a survey consisting of open-ended questions survey. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The main benefits of suffering were a better attitude towards life, more maturity and strength, new capabilities, and a reorganization of values, purposes, and beliefs. In reference to significant moments, the themes of the importance of bonds with significant people, spiritual moments, and personal achievements emerged. Both meaning realization and existential frustration were observed. Meaning was mainly oriented towards career goals, other people, personal growth, and financial goals. Findings suggested several patterns of existential concerns for Mexican university students. Both personal and interpersonal levels were cited as pivotal aspects for the transformation of young people after trauma. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
DPC-MSGATNet: dual-path chain multi-scale gated axial-transformer network for four-chamber view segmentation in fetal echocardiography
Authors: Qiao Sibo , Pang Shanchen , Luo Gang , Sun Yi , Yin Wenjing , Pan Silin , Lv Zhihan
Published: January 2023

Echocardiography is essential in evaluating fetal cardiac anatomical structures and functions when clinicians conduct early treatment and screening for congenital heart defects, a common and intricate fetal malformation. Nevertheless, the prenatal detection rate of fetal CHD remains low since the peculiarities of fetal cardiac structures and the variousness of fetal CHD. Precisely segmenting four cardiac chambers can assist clinicians in analyzing cardiac morphology and further facilitate CHD diagnosis. Hence, we design a dual-path chain multi-scale gated axial-transformer network (DPC-MSGATNet) that simultaneously models global dependencies and local visual cues for fetal ultrasound (US) four-chamber (FC) views and further accurately segments four chambers. Our DPC-MSGATNet includes a global and a local branch that simultaneously operates on an entire FC view and image patches to learn multi-scale representations. We design a plug-and-play module, Interactive dual-path chain gated axial-transformer (IDPCGAT), to enhance the interactions between global and local branches. In IDPCGAT, the multi-scale representations from the two branches can complement each other, capturing the same region’s salient features and suppressing feature responses to maintain only the activations associated with specific targets. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the DPC-MSGATNet exceeds seven state-of-the-art convolution- and transformer-based methods by a large margin in terms of F1 and IoU scores on our fetal FC view dataset, achieving a F1 score of 96.87$$\%$$
%
and an IoU score of 93.99$$\%$$
%
. The codes and datasets can be available at https://github.comQiaoSiBo/DPC-MSGATNet.
3D Artificial Array Interface Engineering Enabling Dendrite-Free Stable Zn Metal Anode
Authors: Ruan Jianbin , Ma Dingtao , Ouyang Kefeng , Shen Sicheng , Yang Ming , Wang Yanyi , Zhao Jinlai , Mi Hongwei , Zhang Peixin
Published: January 2023

The ripple effect induced by uncontrollable Zn deposition is considered as the Achilles heel for developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries. For this problem, this work reports a design concept of 3D artificial array interface engineering to achieve volume stress elimination, preferred orientation growth and dendrite-free stable Zn metal anode. The mechanism of MXene array interface on modulating the growth kinetics and deposition behavior of Zn atoms were firstly disclosed on the multi-scale level, including the in-situ optical microscopy and transient simulation at the mesoscopic scale, in-situ Raman spectroscopy and in-situ X-ray diffraction at the microscopic scale, as well as density functional theory calculation at the atomic scale. As indicated by the electrochemical performance tests, such engineered electrode exhibits the comprehensive enhancements not only in the resistance of corrosion and hydrogen evolution, but also the rate capability and cyclic stability. High-rate performance (20 mA cm−2) and durable cycle lifespan (1350 h at 0.5 mA cm−2, 1500 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 800 h at 5 mA cm−2) can be realized. Moreover, the improvement of rate capability (214.1 mAh g−1 obtained at 10 A g−1) and cyclic stability also can be demonstrated in the case of 3D MXene array@Zn/VO2 battery. Beyond the previous 2D closed interface engineering, this research offers a unique 3D open array interface engineering to stabilize Zn metal anode, the controllable Zn deposition mechanism revealed is also expected to deepen the fundamental of rechargeable batteries including but not limited to aqueous Zn metal batteries.
„Wenn möglich bitte wenden“? Die deutsche Außenpolitik und die Navigation der Zeitenwende
Authors: Fröhlich Manuel
Published: January 2023

Die russische Aggression in der Ukraine hat Grundkoordinaten der deutschen Außenpolitik in Frage gestellt. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert zunächst die mit dem Begriff der Zeitenwende angekündigte Reaktion der Bundesregierung. Weitere Orientierungspunkte zur Navigation in neuartigem Terrain lassen sich aus der Diskussion unterschiedlicher Theorien der Internationalen Beziehungen und Topoi der deutschen Außenpolitik gewinnen. Die skizzenhafte Kontextualisierung von etablierten Bezugspunkten und die Vermeidung scheinbarer Dichotomien führt zu einem differenzierten Bild, das sowohl Elemente der Kontinuität als auch der notwendigen Kursänderung enthält.
Palygorskite Supporting Homogeneously Dispersed Ag Nanoparticles: Molten Salt Method and Enhanced Antibacterial Performance
Authors: He Qiuzhi , Chen Qingze , Zhu Runliang , Du Jing , He Shiya , Lv Guocheng , Gu Cheng , Wang Aiqin
Published: January 2023

Supported silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been used extensively as antibacterial agents in biomedicine, biotechnology, and environmental remediation. However, a facile and scalable method for preparing Ag NPs dispersed homogeneously on supports remains a challenge. In this study, a novel molten salt method was developed successfully to synthesize the supported, homogeneously dispersed Ag NPs on palygorskite. Abundant pores and ample surface hydroxyl groups of palygorskite served as anchoring sites, preventing the rapid growth, aggregation, and sintering of Ag NPs. Typically, palygorskite was mixed with AgNO3 (as a precursor) and NaNO3 (as a dispersant), and then the mixture was heated slowly. During the heating process, the AgNO3 decomposed gradually into Ag NPs and the molten NaNO3 with a high concentration of ions dispersed the newly formed Ag NPs. The Ag NPs were dispersed homogeneously on the palygorskite and had very small particle sizes (~5.8 nm) even for a significant loading amount (~9 wt.%). As antibacterial agents, the Ag/palygorskite nanocomposites showed enhanced antibacterial activity, compared with those synthesized without the introduction of molten NaNO3. In addition, the key effect of the surface hydroxyl groups of palygorskite on the characteristics of the loaded Ag and the corresponding antibacterial activity were also elucidated. As such, the present work provided a novel and facile strategy for the synthesis, without a chemical reductant or surfactant, of supported, highly dispersed Ag NPs on clay minerals and this could have potential in the scalable production and practical application of Ag-based antibacterial materials.
On species concepts, species delimitation criteria, taxonomy committees, and biases: a response to Lima (2022a)
Authors: Aleixo Alexandre
Published: January 2023

In a recent commentary, Lima (Ornithol Res 30:225–228, 2022a) claims that the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee (CBRO) bases its species ranking decisions on a misinterpretation of the general lineage species concept (GLSC), with two major detrimental consequences: (1) misinform the Brazilian ornithological community about the nature of interspecific limits and (2) mislead the users of the CBRO checklist “…about the nature of the taxa it contains.” Here, I review the arguments behind Lima’s (Ornithol Res 30:225–228, 2022a) claims and demonstrate that they are unfounded and stem from an inaccurate interpretation of the GLSC coupled with a lack of understanding the differences between the inherent theoretical nature of species concepts and their actual implementation in real-life situations by taxonomists in general and taxonomy committees in particular. Accordingly, I provide several examples of recent taxonomic treatments implemented by the CBRO, confirming the GLSC as the species concept guiding species ranking decisions in the committee. If not addressed properly, unsubstantiated commentaries such as that put forward by Lima (Ornithol Res 30:225–228, 2022a) — which cast serious doubts on the standards upon which the checklists of the CBRO are produced — may have the unintended effect of amplifying the current representation bias against Latin American ornithologists in global initiatives such as the publication of a single worldwide avian checklist.