bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal and Peri-Implant Microbiome Dysbiosis Is Associated With Alterations in the Microbial Community Structure and Local Stability
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Li Yinhu , Yang Yuguang , Wang Yiqing , Cao Xiao , Jin Yu , Xu Yue , Li Shuai Cheng , Zhou Qin
Published: January 2022

Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are common biofilm-mediated infectious diseases affecting teeth and dental implants and have been considered to be initiated with microbial dysbiosis. To further understand the essence of oral microbiome dysbiosis in terms of bacterial interactions, community structure, and microbial stability, we analyzed 64 plaque samples from 34 participants with teeth or implants under different health conditions using metagenomic sequencing. After taxonomical annotation, we computed the inter-species correlations, analyzed the bacterial community structure, and calculated the microbial stability in supra- and subgingival plaques from hosts with different health conditions. The results showed that when inflammation arose, the subgingival communities became less connective and competitive with fewer hub species. In contrast, the supragingival communities tended to be more connective and competitive with an increased number of hub species. Besides, periodontitis and peri-implantitis were associated with significantly increased microbial stability in subgingival microbiome. These findings indicated that the periodontal and peri-implant dysbiosis is associated with aberrant alterations in the bacterial correlations, community structures, and local stability. The highly connected hub species, as well as the major contributing species of negative correlations, should also be given more concern in future studies.
Nipah Virus–Another Threat From the World of Zoonotic Viruses
Authors: Skowron Krzysztof , Bauza-Kaszewska Justyna , Grudlewska-Buda Katarzyna , Wiktorczyk-Kapischke Natalia , Zacharski Maciej , Bernaciak Zuzanna , Gospodarek-Komkowska Eugenia
Published: January 2022

Among the diseases that pose a serious threat to public health, those caused by viruses are of great importance. The Nipah virus (NiV) belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family was reported in Malaysia in 1998/1999. Due to its high mortality in humans, its zoonotic nature, the possibility of human-to-human transmission, and the lack of an available vaccine, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized it as a global health problem. Depending on strain specificity, neurological symptoms and severe respiratory disorders are observed in NiV infection. In most confirmed cases of NiV epidemics, the appearance of the virus in humans was associated with the presence of various animal species, but generally, bats of Pteropus species are considered the most important natural animal NiV reservoir and vector. Consumption of contaminated food, contact with animals, and “human-to-human” direct contact were identified as NiV transmission routes. Due to the lack of vaccines and drugs with proven effectiveness against NiV, treatment of patients is limited to supportive and prophylactic.
“Osteomicrobiology”: The Nexus Between Bone and Bugs
Authors: Bhardwaj Asha , Sapra Leena , Tiwari Abhay , Mishra Pradyumna K. , Sharma Satyawati , Srivastava Rupesh K.
Published: January 2022

A growing body of scientific evidence supports the notion that gut microbiota plays a key role in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes related to human health. Recent findings have now established that gut microbiota also contributes to the regulation of bone homeostasis. Studies on animal models have unraveled various underlying mechanisms responsible for gut microbiota-mediated bone regulation. Normal gut microbiota is thus required for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. However, dysbiosis of gut microbiota communities is reported to be associated with several bone-related ailments such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and periodontitis. Dietary interventions in the form of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics have been reported in restoring the dysbiotic gut microbiota composition and thus could provide various health benefits to the host including bone health. These dietary interventions prevent bone loss through several mechanisms and thus could act as potential therapies for the treatment of bone pathologies. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of how gut microbiota and its derived microbial compounds are associated with bone metabolism and their roles in ameliorating bone health. In addition to this, we also highlight the role of various dietary supplements like probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as promising microbiota targeted interventions with the clinical application for leveraging treatment modalities in various inflammatory bone pathologies.
Axonal and Dendritic Morphology of Excitatory Neurons in Layer 2/3 Mouse Barrel Cortex Imaged Through Whole-Brain Two-Photon Tomography and Registered to a Digital Brain Atlas
Authors: Liu Yanqi , Foustoukos Georgios , Crochet Sylvain , Petersen Carl C.H.
Published: January 2022

Communication between cortical areas contributes importantly to sensory perception and cognition. On the millisecond time scale, information is signaled from one brain area to another by action potentials propagating across long-range axonal arborizations. Here, we develop and test methodology for imaging and annotating the brain-wide axonal arborizations of individual excitatory layer 2/3 neurons in mouse barrel cortex through single-cell electroporation and two-photon serial section tomography followed by registration to a digital brain atlas. Each neuron had an extensive local axon within the barrel cortex. In addition, individual neurons innervated subsets of secondary somatosensory cortex; primary somatosensory cortex for upper limb, trunk, and lower limb; primary and secondary motor cortex; visual and auditory cortical regions; dorsolateral striatum; and various fiber bundles. In the future, it will be important to assess if the diversity of axonal projections across individual layer 2/3 mouse barrel cortex neurons is accompanied by functional differences in their activity patterns.
Evolution of Disease Modifying Therapy Benefits and Risks: An Argument for De-escalation as a Treatment Paradigm for Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Vollmer Brandi L. , Wolf Andrew B. , Sillau Stefan , Corboy John R. , Alvarez Enrique
Published: January 2022

Background

Strategies for sequencing disease modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients include escalation, high efficacy early, induction, and de-escalation.

Objective

To provide a perspective on de-escalation, which aims to match the ratio of DMT benefit/risk in aging patients.

Methods

We reanalyzed data from a retrospective, real-world cohort of MS patients to model disease activity for oral (dimethyl fumarate and fingolimod) and higher efficacy infusible (natalizumab and rituximab) DMTs by age. For patients with relapsing MS, we conducted a controlled, stratified analysis examining odds of disease activity for oral vs. infusible DMTs in patients <45 or ≥45 years. We reviewed the literature to identify DMT risks and predictors of safe discontinuation.

Results

Younger patients had lower probability of disease activity on infusible vs. oral DMTs. There was no statistical difference after age 54.2 years. When dichotomized, patients <45 years on oral DMTs had greater odds of disease activity compared to patients on infusible DMTs, while among those ≥45 years, there was no difference. Literature review noted that adverse events increase with aging, notably infections in patients with higher disability and longer DMT duration. Additionally, we identified factors predictive of disease reactivation including age, clinical stability, and MRI activity.

Conclusion

In a real-world cohort of relapsing MS patients, high efficacy DMTs had less benefit with aging but were associated with increased risks. This cohort helps overcome some limitations of trials where older patients were excluded. To better balance benefits/risks, we propose a DMT de-escalation approach for aging MS patients.
Potential Mechanisms of Acupuncture for Functional Dyspepsia Based on Pathophysiology
Authors: Yang Na-Na , Tan Chun-Xia , Lin Lu-Lu , Su Xin-Tong , Li Yue-Jie , Qi Ling-Yu , Wang Yu , Yang Jing-Wen , Liu Cun-Zhi
Published: January 2022

Functional dyspepsia (FD), a common disorder of gastrointestinal function, originated from the gastroduodenum. Although the therapeutic effect of acupuncture has been investigated by various high-quality randomized controlled trials, the potential mechanisms showed obvious heterogeneity. This review summarized the potential mechanisms of acupuncture on FD in order to guide for future laboratory and clinical studies. Here, we argued that the primary cause of FD was gastroduodenal low-grade inflammation and acid exposure, which impaired mucosal integrity, caused brain-gut axis dysfunction, and impaired brain network connectivity, all of which generated various symptom patterns. Overall the clinical studies indicated that acupuncture was a promising treatment to alleviate symptoms in FD patients, whose efficacy was influenced by acupoints and individual variance. Mechanistically, studies with animal models of FD and patients have shown that acupuncture, a non-invasive strategy for nerve stimulation, may have the potential to control intestinal inflammation and suppress acid-secretion via different somatic autonomic reflex pathways, regulate the brain-gut axis through intestinal microbiota, and has the potential to ameliorate FD-symptoms. The cumulative evidence demonstrated that acupuncture is a promising treatment to alleviate symptoms of FD patients.
The lncRNA CASC2 Modulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Sensitivity and Resistance to TRAIL Through Apoptotic and Non-Apoptotic Signaling
Authors: Sun Jichun , Xu Hongbo , Lei Zhao , Li Zhiqiang , Zhu Hongwei , Deng Zhen , Yu Xiao , Jin Xiaoxin , Yang Zhi
Published: January 2022

The immune cytokine tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been widely concerned as a tumor therapy because of its ability of selective triggering cancer cell apoptosis; nevertheless, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits acquired resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In the present study, tumor-suppressive lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) was downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines; HCC patients with lower CASC2 expression predicted a shorter overall survival rate. In vitro, CASC2 overexpression dramatically repressed HCC cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis; in vivo, CASC2 overexpression inhibited subcutaneous xenotransplant tumor growth. CASC2 affected the caspase cascades and NF-κB signaling in TRAIL-sensitive [Huh-7 (S) and HCCLM3 (S)] or TRAIL-resistant cell lines [Huh-7 (R) and HCCLM3 (R)] in different ways. In Huh-7 (S) and HCCLM3 (S) cells, CASC2 affected cell apoptosis through the miR-24/caspase-8 and miR-221/caspase-3 axes and the caspase cascades. miR-18a directly targeted CASC2 and RIPK1. In Huh-7 (R) and HCCLM3 (R) cells, CASC2 affected cell proliferation through the miR-18a/RIPK1 axis and the NF-κB signaling. RELA bound to CASC2 promoter region and inhibited CASC2 transcription. In conclusion, CASC2 affects cell growth mainly via the miR-24/caspase-8 and miR-221/caspase-3 axes in TRAIL-sensitive HCC cells; while in TRAIL-resistant HCC cells, CASC2 affects cell growth mainly via miR-18a/RIPK1 axis and the NF-κB signaling. These outcomes foreboded that CASC2 could be a novel therapeutic target for further study of HCC-related diseases.
Isoalantolactone Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin by Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and DNA Damage
Authors: Wu Fengjiao , Shao Rongrong , Zheng Peisen , Zhang Tingting , Qiu Chenyu , Sui Hehuan , Li Shaotang , Jin Libo , Pan Huanle , Jin Xiance , Zou Peng , Cui Ri , Xie Congying
Published: January 2022

Colon cancer is one of the most common cancer in the world. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a classical anti-tumor drug which widely used in treatment of cancers, however, high toxicity limited its further clinical application. Thus, it is urgent to find new drugs with low toxicity and high efficiency to treat colon cancer. Isoalantolactone (IATL), an isomeric sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the plant of inula helenium, has been reported to have anti-cancer activity against a variety of cancer cells. However, the function of IATL in colon cancer remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that IATL inhibited colon cancer cell growth by increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Further study showed that ROS accumulation contributed to DNA damage and JNK signaling pathway activation. In addition, we found that IATL markedly enhanced DOX-induced cell cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells. IATL in combination with DOX significantly increased the ROS production, induced DNA damage and activated JNK signaling pathway. Taken together, our data suggested that combined treatment with IATL and DOX may serve as a potential therapeutics for colon cancer.
NLRC3 High Expression Represents a Novel Predictor for Positive Overall Survival Correlated With CCL5 and CXCL9 in HCC Patients
Authors: Wang Chengpan , Shi Jieyi , Xu Jietian , Fu Qiaoyu , Ding Youpeng , Yang Jessie , Liu Binbin , Gao Qiang , Qin Jie , Liang Chunmin
Published: January 2022

NLRC3 (NLR family caspase recruitment domain containing 3) has been reported as a factor of inhibiting inflammatory responses. It’s role in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) is still unknown. In this study we firstly used the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database and mIHC (multiple immunohistochemical analysis) with TMAs (tumor tissue microarrays) of HCC patients to evaluate NLRC3 levels. The tumor-bearing mouse models were also established with NLRC3 over-expressing and knock-down Hepal-6 cells to assess its effect. The data showed high NLRC3 expression was related with favorable overall survival (P=0.0386) and disease-free survival (P=0.0458). In addition, NLRC3 expression showed a positive correlation between CD8+ T cells infiltration. In vivo, NLRC3-overexpressing Hepal-6 tumors showed increased CD8+ T cell infiltration. NLRC3-knockdown Hepa1-6 tumors displayed decreased CD8+ T cell infiltration. At the same time, we also found the positive correlations between NLRC3 and CCL5 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, P<0.0001, R2 = 0.2372) as well as CXCL9 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9, P<0.0001, R2 = 0.2338) expressions. So NLRC3 high expression represents a novel predictor for positive survival outcomes in HCC patients, and NLRC3 is involved in CD8+ T cell infiltration, which is correlated with increased CCL5 and CXCL9 in TME (tumor microenvironment). This study implies that boosting NLRC3 is a promising treatment to enhance survival in HCC patients.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Paediatric B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Curative Treatment Option or Bridge to Transplant?
Authors: Buechner Jochen , Caruana Ignazio , Künkele Annette , Rives Susana , Vettenranta Kim , Bader Peter , Peters Christina , Baruchel André , Calkoen Friso G.
Published: January 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) targeting CD19 has been associated with remarkable responses in paediatric patients and adolescents and young adults (AYA) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL). Tisagenlecleucel, the first approved CD19 CAR-T, has become a viable treatment option for paediatric patients and AYAs with BCP-ALL relapsing repeatedly or after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Based on the chimeric antigen receptor molecular design and the presence of a 4-1BB costimulatory domain, tisagenlecleucel can persist for a long time and thereby provide sustained leukaemia control. “Real-world” experience with tisagenlecleucel confirms the safety and efficacy profile observed in the pivotal registration trial. Recent guidelines for the recognition, management and prevention of the two most common adverse events related to CAR-T — cytokine release syndrome and immune-cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome — have helped to further decrease treatment toxicity. Consequently, the questions of how and for whom CD19 CAR-T could substitute HSCT in BCP-ALL are inevitable. Currently, 40–50% of R/R BCP-ALL patients relapse post CD19 CAR-T with either CD19− or CD19+ disease, and consolidative HSCT has been proposed to avoid disease recurrence. Contrarily, CD19 CAR-T is currently being investigated in the upfront treatment of high-risk BCP-ALL with an aim to avoid allogeneic HSCT and associated treatment-related morbidity, mortality and late effects. To improve survival and decrease long-term side effects in children with BCP-ALL, it is important to define parameters predicting the success or failure of CAR-T, allowing the careful selection of candidates in need of HSCT consolidation. In this review, we describe the current clinical evidence on CAR-T in BCP-ALL and discuss factors associated with response to or failure of this therapy: product specifications, patient- and disease-related factors and the impact of additional therapies given before (e.g., blinatumomab and inotuzumab ozogamicin) or after infusion (e.g., CAR-T re-infusion and/or checkpoint inhibition). We discuss where to position CAR-T in the treatment of BCP-ALL and present considerations for the design of supportive trials for the different phases of disease. Finally, we elaborate on clinical settings in which CAR-T might indeed replace HSCT.
In Hamstring Muscles of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis an Increased Ultrasound Shear Modulus Indicates a Permanently Elevated Muscle Tonus
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Zhen-Ya , Zhang Zhi-Jie , Shen Su-Hong , Guo Jia-Yi , Guo Yan-Xing , Feng Yi-Ran , Zhang Lin , Wen Yong-Bing , Zhang Yun-Fei , Fan Yi-Ming , Fan Meng-Meng
Published: January 2022

Background

Some patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) show pain, stiffness and limited flexion and extension at the back of the knee, leading to dysfunction and affecting life. This may be related to changes in the biomechanical properties of skeletal muscles. Shear wave elastography (SWE) can detect these changes by measuring muscle shear modulus.

Aims

To investigate hamstring muscle shear modulus of healthy people and patients was studied using SWE method, and the correlation analysis between the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score of patients’ subjective feeling and shear modulus of objective quantification was conducted.

Methods

The hamstring shear modulus was measured by SWE in 50 patients and 50 healthy individuals. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between hamstring stiffness and shear modulus in patients.

Results

The hamstring shear modulus were significantly higher in the KOA group [the semimembranosus (SM) 15.23 ± 7.23, the semitendinosus (ST) 15.94 ± 5.40, the biceps femoris long tendinitis (BFL) 14.21 ± 6.55] than in the control group (the SM 10.95 ± 2.41, the ST 11.25 ± 2.23, the BFL 9.98 ± 2.81) (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.001). The hamstring shear modulus in the KOA group was moderately positively correlated with pain, shear modulus, and physical function score.

Conclusion

Preliminary results show that the shear modulus of the hamstring of KOA patients is higher than that of healthy people, the WOMAC score and the shear modulus of patients are moderately correlated. These preliminary results show that ultrasonic shear wave elastography measurement of shear modulus may be enough to sensitive, can detect these effects, more targeted in order to assist the doctor’s diagnosis and treatment.
Pyroptosis and Its Regulation in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lu Yafang , Lu Yaqiong , Meng Jun , Wang Zuo
Published: January 2022

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is a prevalent disease, characterized by contractile dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. Patients with DbCM have high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have identified that pyroptosis, a kind of cell death, could be induced by hyperglycemia involved in the formation of DbCM. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of pyroptosis in DbCM, including NOD-like receptor3, AIM2 inflammasome, long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, circular RNA, autophagy, and some drugs.
Synthesis of Nuclear and Chloroplast Data Combined With Network Analyses Supports the Polyploid Origin of the Apple Tribe and the Hybrid Origin of the Maleae—Gillenieae Clade
Authors: Hodel Richard G. J. , Zimmer Elizabeth A. , Liu Bin-Bin , Wen Jun
Published: January 2022

Plant biologists have debated the evolutionary origin of the apple tribe (Maleae; Rosaceae) for over a century. The “wide-hybridization hypothesis” posits that the pome-bearing members of Maleae (base chromosome numberx= 17) resulted from a hybridization and/or allopolyploid event between progenitors of other tribes in the subfamily Amygdaloideae withx= 8 andx= 9, respectively. An alternative “spiraeoid hypothesis” proposed that thex= 17 of Maleae arose via the genome doubling ofx= 9 ancestors tox= 18, and subsequent aneuploidy resulting inx= 17. We use publicly available genomic data—448 nuclear genes and complete plastomes—from 27 species representing all major tribes within the Amygdaloideae to investigate evolutionary relationships within the subfamily containing the apple tribe. Specifically, we use network analyses and multi-labeled trees to test the competing wide-hybridization and spiraeoid hypotheses. Hybridization occurred between an ancestor of the tribe Spiraeeae (x= 9) and an ancestor of the clade Sorbarieae (x= 9) + Exochordeae (x= 8) + Kerrieae (x= 9), giving rise to the clade Gillenieae (x= 9) + Maleae (x= 17). The ancestor of the Maleae + Gillenieae arose via hybridization between distantly related tribes in the Amygdaloideae (i.e., supporting the wide hybridization hypothesis). However, some evidence supports an aspect of the spiraeoid hypothesis—the ancestors involved in the hybridization event were likely bothx= 9, so genome doubling was followed by aneuploidy to result inx= 17 observed in Maleae. By synthesizing existing genomic data with novel analyses, we resolve the nearly century-old mystery regarding the origin of the apple tribe. Our results also indicate that nuclear gene tree-species tree conflict and/or cytonuclear conflict are pervasive at several other nodes in subfamily Amygdaloideae of Rosaceae.
Responding to the Unique Complexities of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Flannigan Katherine , Pei Jacqueline , McLachlan Kaitlyn , Harding Kelly , Mela Mansfield , Cook Jocelynn , Badry Dorothy , McFarlane Audrey
Published: January 2022

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a multifaceted disability, characterized not only by brain- and body-based challenges, but also high rates of environmental adversity, lifelong difficulties with daily living, and distinct sociocultural considerations. FASD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disabilities in the Western world and associated with significant social and economic costs. It is important to understand the complexities of FASD and the ways in which FASD requires unique consideration in research, practice, and policy. In this article, we discuss our perspectives on factors that distinguish FASD from other disabilities in terms of complexity, co-occurrence, and magnitude. We provide an overview of select literature related to FASD as a socially rooted disability with intergenerational impacts and multiple layers of stigma. These social issues are intertwined with notable experiences of adversity across the lifespan and high rates of co-occurring health concerns for individuals with FASD, all of which present unique challenges for individuals, caregivers, families, service providers, and policy makers. Understanding these factors is the first step in developing and implementing specialized initiatives in support of positive outcomes for individuals with FASD and their families. Future directions are proposed for advancing research, practice, and policy, and responding to the unique complexities of FASD.
Reviewers’ Identity Cues in Online Product Reviews and Consumers’ Purchase Intention
Authors: Li Ji , Liang Xv
Published: January 2022

This research performs three experiments to investigate the influence mechanisms of identity cues in product reviews on consumers’ purchase intention, and to examine the effects of reference groups. The results indicate that: (1) identity cues in positive reviews have a significant positive impact on consumers’ purchase intention, while identity cues in negative reviews have a significant negative impact on consumers’ purchase intention; in addition, identity cues play a greater role in amplifying the impact of negative reviews on purchase intention; (2) emotional social support has a mediating role in the relationship between reviewers’ identity cues and purchase intention, while informational social support and review credibility only play significant mediating roles under all positive reviews scenario; and (3) identity cues of dissociative groups have a negative impact on purchase intention, whereas identity cues of in-groups or aspirational groups have a positive impact on the purchase intention. These findings complement existing research on online reviews and offer insights into the management and strategic oversight of product reviews for e-commerce platforms and merchants.
The Influence of Stress on Decision-Making: Effects of CRF and Dopamine Antagonism in the Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Williams Rapheal G. , Li Kevin H. , Phillips Paul E. M.
Published: January 2022

The actions of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the core of the nucleus accumbens including increasing dopamine release and inducing conditioned place preference in stress-naïve animals. However, following two-day, repeated forced swim stress (rFSS), neither of these effects are present, indicating a stress-sensitive interaction between CRF and dopamine. To ascertain the degree to which this mechanism influences integrated, reward-based decision making, we used an operant concurrent-choice task where mice could choose between two liquid receptacles containing a sucrose solution or water delivery. Following initial training, either a CRF or dopamine antagonist, α-helical CRF (9–41) and flupenthixol, respectively, or vehicle was administered intracranially to the nucleus accumbens core. Next, the animals underwent rFSS, were reintroduced to the task, and were retested. Prior to stress, mice exhibited a significant preference for sucrose over water and made more total nose pokes into the sucrose receptacle than the water receptacle throughout the session. There were no observed sex differences. Stress did not robustly affect preference metrics but did increase the number of trial omissions compared to their stress-naïve, time-matched counterparts. Interestingly, flupenthixol administration did not affect sucrose choice but increased their nosepoke preference during the inter-trial interval, increased trial omissions, and decreased the total nosepokes during the ITI. In contrast, microinjections of α-helical CRF (9–41) did not affect omissions or ITI nosepokes but produced interactions with stress on choice metrics. These data indicate that dopamine and CRF both interact with stress to impact performance in the task but influence different behavioral aspects.
Improving Robotic Hand Prosthesis Control With Eye Tracking and Computer Vision: A Multimodal Approach Based on the Visuomotor Behavior of Grasping
Authors: Cognolato Matteo , Atzori Manfredo , Gassert Roger , Müller Henning
Published: January 2022

The complexity and dexterity of the human hand make the development of natural and robust control of hand prostheses challenging. Although a large number of control approaches were developed and investigated in the last decades, limited robustness in real-life conditions often prevented their application in clinical settings and in commercial products. In this paper, we investigate a multimodal approach that exploits the use of eye-hand coordination to improve the control of myoelectric hand prostheses. The analyzed data are from the publicly available MeganePro Dataset 1, that includes multimodal data from transradial amputees and able-bodied subjects while grasping numerous household objects with ten grasp types. A continuous grasp-type classification based on surface electromyography served as both intent detector and classifier. At the same time, the information provided by eye-hand coordination parameters, gaze data and object recognition in first-person videos allowed to identify the object a person aims to grasp. The results show that the inclusion of visual information significantly increases the average offline classification accuracy by up to 15.61 ± 4.22% for the transradial amputees and of up to 7.37 ± 3.52% for the able-bodied subjects, allowing trans-radial amputees to reach average classification accuracy comparable to intact subjects and suggesting that the robustness of hand prosthesis control based on grasp-type recognition can be significantly improved with the inclusion of visual information extracted by leveraging natural eye-hand coordination behavior and without placing additional cognitive burden on the user.
Objective Measurement of Ball-Handling Proficiency in Wheelchair Sports: A Systematic Review
Authors: Altmann Viola C. , Mason Barry S. , Geurts Tijmen , Camp Sanne A. J. H. van de , Vanlandewijck Yves C.
Published: January 2022

Background

In Paralympic sports, classification of athletes based on the impact of impairments on the ability to perform is needed, to prevent a one-sided and predictable outcome of the competition in which the least impaired athlete has the best chance to win. Classification is developing from expert opinion based to evidence based. In wheelchair court sports, there is evidence to support the impact of impairment on wheeled mobility, but not on ball handling. To assess the impact of impairment on the ability to perform ball-handling activities, standardised tests for ball handling are needed.

Purpose

To assess if reliable and valid standardised tests for the measurement of ball-handling proficiency in a wheelchair or able-bodied court sports exist; to assist in the development of Evidence-Based Classification (EBC) in wheelchair court sports according to the guidelines of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).

Methods

The review was conducted according to the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. Search terms used were “wheelchair,” “ball,” “ball sports,” “test,” and “performance.” Databases searched were Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Sport Discus. Study quality was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist.

Results

Twenty-two articles were included. Foundational Movement Skills in ball-handling proficiency were assessed. Tests for throwing maximal distance showed sufficient reliability and validity. Precision in throwing showed low-to-moderate reliability and conflicting results in validity. Throwing techniques differed between studies. Dribbling the ball showed high reliability, but conflicting results in validity.

Conclusions

Tests for throwing maximal distance, throwing precision, and dribbling the ball can be used in standardised tests for activity limitation in wheelchair court sports. However, tests need to be adapted and standardised and then reassessed for reliability and validity in athletes with and without arm impairment.
Different Roles of Rumination and Mindfulness among Cyber-Ostracized Adolescents’ Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Li Xue , Mu Wenlong , Wang Yu , Xie Peng , Zhang Yuwei , Liu Ting
Published: January 2022

Previous research has confirmed the harmful effects of cyber-ostracism on adolescents. However, research that has investigated the effect of cyber-ostracism on adolescents’ psychological well-being and the underlying mechanisms of this influence remains scarce. Using a sample of 421 Chinese adolescents, this study examined the short-term effect of cyber-ostracism on adolescents’ psychological well-being, along with the mediating effect of rumination. Mindfulness is considered as a moderator influencing this underlying mechanism. Questionnaires regarding cyber-ostracism, rumination, and mindfulness were administered at the beginning of the spring semester. Psychological well-being was assessed three months later. The study found that cyber-ostracism significantly and negatively predicted adolescents’ psychological well-being. As shown by the mediation analysis, rumination partly mediated the effect of cyber-ostracism on adolescents’ psychological well-being. Moderated mediation analysis indicated that mindfulness played a moderating role in the relationship between cyber-ostracism and adolescents’ psychological well-being as well as the relationship between cyber-ostracism and rumination. Specifically, mindfulness would decrease the negative impact of cyber-ostracism on adolescents’ psychological well-being. This study uncovers the short-term effect of cyber-ostracism on adolescents’ psychological well-being and accentuates the underlying mechanisms of this effect, which has substantial implications for interventions and practices to reduce the detrimental effects of cyber-ostracism among adolescents.
Dandelion medicinal — nutritional value and its use in the preparation of drinks
Authors:   Military Academy of Air and Space Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov, Rodionova A.E.
Published: January 2022

The article discusses the use of medicinal dandelion in medicine and cooking. Its nutritional value, active substances, a list of diseases against which medicinal raw materials are used, and recipes for dandelion drinks are given, which allow considering this plant from the point of view of its functional additive in culinary recipes.
On the need for the transition to an investment economy and investment activity of the population
Authors:   Department of Economics, Management and Humanities, Kursk State Agricultural Academy named after I. I. Ivanova, Russia, Ustinovich Elena Stepanovna
Published: January 2022

This article examines the problem of investment activity of the population. For the Russian Federation, in contrast to foreign countries, this problem is acquiring a character of particular relevance. Households as macroeconomic agents are little involved in the country's economy and their potential is practically not used for economic growth. Meanwhile, this kind of investment ultimately contributes to the positive dynamics of the development of society. The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the inhibiting factors in the development of investment activity of the population in modern Russia, as well as to develop appropriate recommendations for activating this process. The author presents possible instruments for transforming the financial resources of economic entities, including households, into investments. Also, key directions for increasing the investment activity of the population in the stock market have been developed and proposed. The research methodology consisted of the use of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information, economic analysis, the method of abstract logical cognition, which allows, through retrospective analysis, to generalize the theoretical aspects of investment behavior and financial literacy. The work uses the scientific results of Russian scientists posted in electronic scientific resources with open access.
Cost of the credits for construction projects in 2020–2021 and its forecast
Authors:   General Director of IADASA LLC company, Saakyan S. S.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the trends of bank lending for the construction industry in 2020–2021. The analysis, which is carried out by the author proved, that crediting of the industry did not stop in the crises period. However. the conditions of loan agreements, such as interest rates, terms, limits deserve attention. The factors, limiting crediting, are considered in the article. The conclusion is drawn that the relative wellbeing of bank lending for the investment-and-construction projects is connected with the state support, and first of all with the period of stabilization of the key interest rate.
Progress and Development Trend of Space Intelligent Robot Technology
Authors: Jiang Zhihong , Cao Xiaolei , Huang Xiao , Li Hui , Ceccarelli Marco
Published: January 2022

Since space intelligent robots are not restricted by physiological conditions, it is an attractive choice for the development of automation technology to use them for space exploration and utilization. It is currently the key development direction of the major space powers over the world. This paper first investigates the robotic manipulators and humanoid robot systems for space station applications and reviews theories and methods for robots to achieve large-range stable motion and intelligent dexterous manipulation. Then, the intelligent robot systems for on-orbit satellite maintenance are reviewed, and the related technologies of multirobot collaboration are analyzed. Finally, we investigate the intelligent robot systems for on-orbit assembly of large-scale spatial structures and summarize the technologies of modular assembly and on-orbit manufacture. Overall, this paper reviews the technological progress and development trends of space robots, which provides a good reference for further technical research in this field.
The Belifes of Christians in the Early Church
Authors: A Mathuraiveeran , V. Dhas Gloria
Published: January 2022

The Early Christians had faith in the Lord Jesus Christ and followed various rituals to express their faith. Their beliefs system were based on the Teaching of the Lord Jesus Christ and their rituals were based on the Traditions that were imported to them by various spritual leaders. The one True God, The Deity of Lord, Jesus Christ, The fall of Man, Tha Salvation of Man, Intial Physical Evidance of the Baptism of the Holy Ghost, Santificatation, Jesus is coming again and Judgement are the most significant beliefs of Chirstians till date.
El caleidoscopio disciplinario
Authors: Ruiz Cabello Úrsula
Published: January 2022

Pese a que los centros de internamiento para menores infractores tienen una finalidad educativa, la disciplina y el orden también son una parte fundamental de su día a día. Es por ello por lo que el presente artículo estudia la opinión de la plantilla del centro sobre la sanción de separación del grupo, una de las principales herramientas disciplinarias. A través de nueve entrevistas semiestructuradas se analiza la ejecución de la sanción, los criterios que guían su imposición, las funciones que cumple y su contenido educativo. Los principales hallazgos de la investigación muestran que las características del centro y de su población legitiman, a ojos de los/as entrevistados/as, el recurso a la sanción. Las implicaciones del estudio sugieren que una reducción en el uso de la práctica no pondría en riesgo el orden y la seguridad del centro, y a cambio, se respetaría la filosofía educativa de los centros y el interés superior de menor.
Internet addiction as a manifestation of modern maladaptive behavior
Authors: Mozghova T.P. , Viun V.V. , Gaichuk L.M.
Published: January 2022

At the present stage of psychiatry development, proportion of maladaptive states and behavioral disorders is growing rapidly. Its problems relate to the section of psychiatry – "addiction psychiatry", systematically studies the forms, types, pathogenesis, therapy and prevention of addictive behavior, as well as the rehabilitation of addictive patients. The combination of maladaptive states with non-chemical addictions reveals many uncertain questions about the prevalence and structure of addictive disorders in adjustment disorders, algorithms for diagnostics, therapy and prevention, which necessitates research in this area. To achieve our aim a comprehensive survey 105 patients with maladaptive states in the structure of Internet addiction (addictive variant of maladaptation) were examined. Taking into account purpose of the study, medical psychological, clinical-psychopathological, psychodiagnostics and statistical methods were used in the research. During the study phenomenology of structural components of pathological desire to stay on the Internet was revealed: the ideational component was manifested by obsessive fantasizing about staying online, illusion of online time control, anticipation of being able to be online, personification of computer attributes, reduction of criticism: behavioral component was in conflicts, deviation from responsibilities and assignments, imitation of activity; emotional component was manifested by anxious-depressive symptoms during offline, incontinence of emotions, irritability. The key role in pathopsychological mechanisms of Internet addiction in the structure of maladaptive states belongs to the deactualization of basic personality needs, existence of an existential vacuum which leads to the formation of Internet addictive behavior, which allows to escape to the virtual world of formalized relationships.

Keywords: dependence, non-chemical addiction, adjustment disorders, maladaptive states, maladaptive behavior.
Organizaciones internacionales en el interés superior de niño, niña y adolescente en Ecuador
Authors: Díaz-Basurto Ingrid Joselyne , Zambrano-Orvela Marcela Anarcaly , Ibarra-Bajaña Carlos Pael
Published: January 2022

Organizaciones internacionales en el interés superior de niño, niña y adolescente en Ecuador
Vulneración del principio de corresponsabilidad parental en la legislación ecuatoriana
Authors: Castro-Núñez Wilson Eduardo , Pupo-Kairuz Alba Rosa , Tapia-Giler Víctor Hugo
Published: January 2022

Vulneración del principio de corresponsabilidad parental en la legislación ecuatoriana
Incumplimiento de pensiones alimenticias como vulneración de los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes
Authors: Calva-Vega Yolanda Guissell , Montalvo-Ramírez Gabriela Lucía
Published: January 2022

El objetivo general del presente estudio fue analizar la pertinencia del Incumplimiento de pensiones alimenticias como vulneración de los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. La metodología empleada se efectúo desde el enfoque cualitativo, complementándose con el método documental–bibliográfico, con el propósito de lograr una información relevante y alcanzar el propósito de investigación en relación al tema jurídico estudiado. Se aplicó entrevista, a informante clave, jueces de los Juzgados de la Familia, Mujer, Niñez y Adolescencia y a los abogados en libre ejercicio respecto del derecho de alimentos y el incumplimiento de este como una forma de maltrato y vulneración. Se concluye, que, a pesar de existir puntualizaciones legales en la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, y las leyes correspondientes, se ven graves complicaciones, que silenciosamente determinan que el no pago de una pensión alimenticia es una actitud que no aparece como maltrato, pero que es indispensable.
El entorno social-familiar en la vulneración de los derechos de los niños con discapacidad
Authors: Atencio-González Rously Eedyah , Fernández-Aguilar Angélica Narcisa , Fernández-Aguilar Daniel Eduardo , Yong-Zambrano Rudy Gabriela
Published: January 2022

El entorno social-familiar en la vulneración de los derechos de los niños con discapacidad
Outdoor Spaces of Soviet Riga’s Microrayons: The Cinematography of Residential Courtyards
Authors: Matvejs Jānis
Published: January 2022

Rakstā tiek pētīts Rīgas iekšpagalmu atveids padomju posma filmās laikā no 1945. līdz 1990. gadam. Pētījumā apskatītās 525 hronikas un spēlfilmas raksturo mikrorajonu būvniecības gaitu, kā arī atklāj pavisam jaunu pilsētas struktūru – lielus pagalmus, ap kuriem ir izvietota daudzstāvu apbūve. Lai novērtētu iekšpagalmu tehnisko stāvokli un simbolisko lomu padomju Rīgā, pētījumā tiek izmantots filmēšanas vietas, filmas naratīva un kinematogrāfisko paņēmienu apraksts.
Filmu satura analīze atklāj, ka dzīvojamās ēkas mikrorajonos ir bieži attēlotas padomju kino, savukārt iekšpagalmu atveids filmās ir ierobežots. No gandrīz neesošas dzīvojamā rajona sastāvdaļas 20. gs. 40. un 50. gados un “paslēpta” mikrorajona kopuma 20. gs. 60. un 70. gados, iekšpagalmu loma kinematogrāfiskajā atveidā tiek nostiprināta sākot ar 20. gs. 80. gadiem. Pētījums atklāj, ka nelielais iekšpagalmu atveids filmās liecina par sarežģītajiem ārtelpas filmēšanas aspektiem.

Atslēgvārdi: dzīvojamais rajons, kino, padomju pilsēta, tipveida apbūve
Boundaries of Modernity: History – Nature – Society – The World
Authors: Bičevskis Raivis
Published: January 2022

In this article, I aim to show versions of describing modernity, in every one of which the protagonists realize the aporias of their projects and, in resolving these, face the temptation to “leave modernity.” The sketches of these versions turn to, first, in the medium of history, romanticism; second, in the medium of nature, literary criticism; third, in the society and technology medium, the theory of the reign of secondary systems; fourth, in the medium of the relationship between man and the world, the ideas of the third generation of ideas of the Frankfurt school of criticism after Habermas. The four discourses of modernity that appeared in the four sketches of the modernity aporia—the new mythology of romanticism, the recourse of cultural criticism to nature, the view of technology given through secondary systems theory, the promise of resonance with the world against alienation—balance on the boundary between the possible and the factual. It is quite obvious in the four aporia touched upon in the article (1) between the thesis of open-endedness of history and real battle of social-political and cultural-ideological constructs; (2) between the modern industrialization and glorification of nature and desire for the return of the primitive; (3) between the introduction of technical innovations and the transformation of technology from “secondary” to “primary”; (4) between the desire to control things and processes and the negative consequences of this desire. These aporias inflate when one (in trying to think within modernity) approaches the boundaries of modernity. From the perspectives of the four sketches of self-awareness, self-criticism, and self-continuation of modernity—outside social political programs and trends—I have tried to look into the aporias and battles of modernity, to whose ambivalence the protagonists of the sketches testify; the aporias of modernity in the descriptions and analyses of the sketches reveal the boundaries of modernity, which it pushes back and then again approximates.
MENTAL HEALTH CONDITION OF INDONESIAN STUDENTS IN AMID PANDEMIC COVID-19, DO THEY NEED PROFESSIONAL HELP?
Authors: Hidayat Dede Rahmat , Fitri Susi , Wahyuni Eka
Published: January 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic is not yet sure when it will end. The impact on education is the government's policy to implement monitored online/offline learning modes. For students this makes them feel uncertain, his study examined the mental health of Indonesian students in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. A number of students were recruited to become respondents using the snowball sampling technique. The researcher contacted the teachers at schools in Jakarta Indonesia. The teacher contacts students who are willing to fill out the instrument. collected 397 participants who are high school students. The instrument used was the Counselling Centre Assessment of Psychological Symptoms (CCAPS), Indonesia version They completed the CCAPS-Indonesia along with several carefully selected scales. In CCAPS there are eight forms of mental health disorders that are assessed, namely depression, general anxiety, social anxiety, academic distress, eating concern, family distress, hostility and substance. The results have shown that in general students do not experience serious mental health disorders, the highest symptoms are social anxiety and academic stress. It seems that restrictions on social activities and ways of learning that have not been fixed have caused students in Jakarta to experience mental health problems, thus requiring professional help. In addition, there needs to be clarity regarding the learning mode that will be implemented.