bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unknown SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia detected by PET/CT in patients with cancer
Authors: Scarlattei Maura , Baldari Giorgio , Silva Mario , Bola Stefano , Sammartano Antonino , Migliari Silvia , Graziani Tiziano , Cidda Carla , Sverzellati Nicola , Ruffini Livia
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

In January 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Italy necessitated rigorous application of more restrictive safety procedures in the management and treatment of patients with cancer to ensure patient and staff protection. Identification of respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was a challenge during the pandemic owing to a large number of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients.

Methods:

We report 5 patients with unknown SARS-CoV-2 infection undergoing positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) with radiopharmaceuticals targeting different tumor processes: 18F-FDG, 18F-choline (FCH), and 68Ga-PSMA.

Results:

In all patients, PET/CT showed increased tracer uptake in the lungs corresponding to CT findings of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Quantitative assessment of tracer uptake showed more elevated values for the glucose analogue 18F-FDG (mean SUVmax 5.4) than for the other tracers (mean SUVmax 3.5).

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that PET/CT is a sensitive modality to hypothesize SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in patients with cancer, even when asymptomatic. More data are needed to verify the correlation among immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical evolution, and PET results. Under the strict safety measures implemented at the PET center, the number of potentially SARS-CoV-2–positive patients undergoing PET/CT was very low (1.6%), and no staff member has been diagnosed with infection as of April 30, 2020.
Resilience and mental health issues in classical musicians: A preliminary study
Authors: Kegelaers Jolan , Schuijer Michiel , Oudejans Raôul RD
Published: June 2020

Due to considerable occupational challenges and stressors, classical musicians might face increased risk for mental health issues, compared to the general population. As such, scholars have highlighted the importance of developing psychological resilience in musicians. Nevertheless, this important psychological characteristic has remained understudied within music psychology. The present study therefore examined the relationship between mental health issues and resilience. Using a cross-sectional survey design, a total of 64 musicians (including both music students and professionals) participated in this study. Results highlight that symptoms of depression/anxiety were relatively high within the current population. Moreover, music students experienced significantly more symptoms compared to professional musicians. Both resilience and general physical health were found to be negatively associated with mental health issues. The results highlight the need for further research into mental health issues in music students and provide preliminary evidence for the importance of psychological resilience in classical musicians.
Adjusting Dwell Time for Paratransit Services
Authors: Garnier Camille , Trépanier Martin , Morency Catherine
Published: June 2020

Paratransit (door-to-door public transit services for people with disabilities) is a key element of the public transit system. This type of service can be very costly to operate, yet it is essential for social inclusion. The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative approach to estimate paratransit dwell times and improve trip scheduling. Dwell time is defined as the time required for a vehicle to stop to board or alight passengers. Data collected by the paratransit department of the Société de transport de Montréal (STM), the Montreal, Canada, public transit agency, between September 2014 and May 2018 was used to estimate a dwell time model. Over 5 million data points were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. The model takes into consideration the type of vehicle used, passenger characteristics (ambulatory or wheelchair passenger, support person), the activity performed at the stop (boarding or alighting), the stop location, the time, day and month the trip took place, and the type of place (residential or non-residential) served. The results reveal all these variables have a significant impact on dwell times. Using these results, a method was developed to improve estimated dwell times in STM’s paratransit scheduling system. The new method was implemented on August 1, 2018. The difference between planned and actual travel times was measured, before and after the implementation of the new method. The results show the on-time performance of the service was improved which helped optimize routes and reduce associated operational costs.
Enhancing Statewide Annual Average Daily Traffic Estimation with Ubiquitous Probe Vehicle Data
Authors: Zhang Xu , Chen Mei
Published: June 2020

Annual average daily traffic (AADT) is a critical input into many transportation applications, particularly safety reporting. For example, the Highway Safety Improvement Program in the U.S. requires states to make AADT data for all public paved roadways accessible by 2026. Because collecting traffic counts on every network segment is prohibitively expensive, a method capable of accurately estimating AADT on unmonitored segments is of great value to state DOTs. The ubiquitous probe vehicle data present a great opportunity to this end. This paper presents an enhanced method for statewide AADT estimation by leveraging such data in Kentucky. The use of the probe data is explored in two ways. First, an annual average daily probes (AADP) variable is derived from hourly probe counts; second, a betweenness centrality (BC) variable is calculated using probe speeds. Including both variables and using the random forest model results in model performance that exceeds those previously reported for statewide applications. Incorporating AADP and BC improves the accuracy of AADT estimates by 30%–37% for all roads and 23%–43% for highways in functional classes 5–7, compared with only using sociodemographic and roadway characteristics. These results demonstrate the value of the probe data for enhancing AADT estimation. The analysis further shows that on roadways having more than 53 AADP or an average of 2.2 probe counts per hour, the median and the mean absolute percent errors are below 20% and 25%, respectively. These findings have practical implications for state DOTs wanting to maximize the utility of probe vehicle data.
The Case of Black Millennials
Authors: Allen Shaonta’ E. , Davis Ifeyinwa F. , McDonald Maretta , Robinson Candice C.
Published: June 2020

Sociologists have queried over the utility and effectiveness of generational analysis for some time. Here, the authors contend that intragenerational analyses are needed to critically and comprehensively make sense of the social world. Drawing on four presentations during the presidential session titled, “#NextGenBlackSoc: New Directions in the Sociology of Black Millennials,” the authors use Black Millennials as a case to illustrate how racializing generational studies can strengthen sociological research in four particular subdisciplines: Collective Behavior and Social Movements, Religion, Gender and Sexuality, and Family. They ultimately argue new analytic approaches are necessary to produce significant research on individuals and groups with complex intersectional identities and the particularities of their social experiences.
Millennials and Moral Panic in the United States and beyond
Authors: Andrade Emily , McKeever A. James , Rivera Roberto , Withers Elizabeth , Woo Hyeyoung
Published: June 2020

There have been numerous discourses around millennials and some of them may sound worrisome. To discuss millennials and moral panic, this study looks at three different areas (i.e., criminal justice, teaching at higher education institutions, and transitions to adulthood in South Korea) with some issues pertinent to millennials and younger generations faced in society currently. Drawing on a wide range of the literature, this study attempts to recognize unique characteristics of our younger generations, to find ways to better understand them using multiple angles, and to identify reasons why we should stay hopeful about the future. Our society will continue to change, often in unpredictable ways, and there will always be a new generation on the horizon. Efforts should be made to work with younger generations, learning from each other and finding ways to work together.
Studies on leaching characteristics of electronic waste for metal recovery using inorganic and organic acids and base
Authors: Das Debarati , Mukherjee Siddhartha , Chaudhuri Mahua Ghosh
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we report leaching of precious and scattered metals such as gold (Au), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and lead (Pb) from printed circuit boards of scrap mobile phones by hydrometallurgical process using inorganic acid, organic acid and base. The amount of metals leached by different leachants are quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Among various inorganic acids, aqua regia (mixture of nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acid) is found to be the strongest leachant for most of the metals such as Zn (2.04 wt %), Fe (17.90 wt %), Ni (0.66 wt %), Pb (5.86 wt %) and Au (0.04 wt %). The basic leachant, ammonium thiosulphate is found to be very effective in leaching of Au (0.03125 wt %). The dissolution of Cu in HNO3 gives the highest amount of Cu in the solvent, that is, ∼ 7.52 wt %. The metallic phases present in the electronic waste before and after leaching are identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The microscopic structure has been studied using a scanning electron microscope which depicts erosion of the structure after leaching.
Low fraction of methane in landfill gas emissions in an industrial waste landfill containing incineration ash and gypsum board waste under anaerobic conditions
Authors: Ogata Yuka , Tanaka Hirokazu , Sato Masahiro , Ishimori Hiroyuki , Endo Kazuto , Ishigaki Tomonori , Yamada Masato
Published: June 2020

The behaviour of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions at the surface and below the soil cover in an industrial waste landfill under anaerobic operating conditions was evaluated for six years. This landfill contained gypsum board waste and incineration ash – a practice currently allowed because of a change in Japanese regulations. The CO2 and CH4 fluxes decreased throughout the six years of the survey. Almost all of the survey points exhibited fractions of CH4 in landfill gas emissions of <0.5 (mean values: 0.0–0.1 [surface], 0.0–0.3 [subsurface]) under anaerobic conditions. In addition, a relatively high first-order reaction rate constant for the landfill gas emissions (0.3 year−1) was observed. The landfill leachate showed a relatively high sulphate ion (SO4 2–) concentration, although other environmental conditions, such as the pH, oxidation–reduction potential and ammonium concentration, were not at levels that could have inhibited CH4 production. These findings suggest that the low fractions could have been related to the lower amounts of CH4 generation caused by competition between methanogens and sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Therefore, SRB could play a major role in the degradation of organic carbon in the landfill.
Structural Inequality, Homelessness, and Moral Worth: Salvaging the Self through Sport?
Authors: Koch Jordan , Scherer Jay , Kafara Rylan
Published: June 2020

This urban ethnography explores how a group of men experiencing homelessness collectively produced an economy of moral worth and socially beneficial labor within and through a weekly sport-for-development program in the distinct settler-colonial context of Edmonton, Alberta. For over two decades, weekly floor hockey games have been organized by local health workers as part of a broader sport-based intervention/corrective aimed, in part, at reforming Edmonton’s urban ‘underclass’, one that is decidedly Indigenous. Drawing upon three-years of ethnographic field notes and interviews with ten men aged 25–42 years, our analysis revealed how these weekly sporting interludes served as convivial, safe, and consistent events that nurtured the development of long-term meaningful relationships with other participants and social workers, as well as a genuine sense of community. The weekly floor hockey matches were, thus, powerful sites in the broader struggle for what David Snow and Leon Anderson (1993) have called “salvaging the self” for men who embodied a repertoire of trauma and who are regularly positioned as morally devalued subjects who lacked personal responsibility and self-governance.
Feasibility of Interprofessional Education in a Community Pharmacy
Authors: O’Connell Mary Beth , Pattin Anthony J. , Gilkey Stephanie J. , Dereczyk Amy L. , Lucarotti Richard L. , Chackunkal Seema J.
Published: June 2020

Objective:

To evaluate student learning, preceptor opinions, and feasibility of conducting interprofessional education in a community pharmacy.

Methods:

Six pharmacy and 6 physician assistant students from 2 universities were paired to practice together in a community pharmacy for 1 day and clinic or emergency department for 1 day. Investigator-developed surveys were completed anonymously by students and preceptors. Students self-assessed learning and team attitudes. Preceptors evaluated team functioning and provided feedback. Students and preceptors attended separate focus groups to discuss their experiences.

Results:

Students reported improved understanding of discipline-specific roles. Students stated shared learning would improve future ability to work on a team (n = 9), helped with understanding patients’ clinical problems (n = 8), and improved professional communications (n = 8). Students thought teams avoided healthcare delivery errors (n = 12), improved patient care (n = 11), increased efficiency (n = 8), and increased interventions (n = 7) compared to solo practice. Some students (n = 6) felt preceptors did not provide enough feedback. Students and preceptors stated the project should be continued. Students suggested improving orientation by including team functioning expectations and insuring patient availability for medication therapy management reviews. Preceptors wanted more training on providing team feedback and thought the experience should be longer to accommodate physician assistant student orientation to pharmacy operations.

Conclusions:

Interprofessional education in a community pharmacy was feasible and resulted in students learning about discipline roles, team functioning, and team care. Additional training and orientation for both students and preceptors are needed. More than 1 day at each practice site is needed to enhance interprofessional learning and skills.
Comparison of seismic responses of a reticulated dome under stochastic uniform and spatially correlated and coherent multiple-support excitation for a scenario seismic event
Authors: Li YG , Liu TJ , Fan F , Hong HP
Published: June 2020

Structures with multiple supports can be sensitive to spatial coherence and spatial correlation. Since the historical recordings are insufficient for selecting records that match predefined inter-support distances of a structure, desired seismic magnitude (or intensity) and site to seismic source distance for structural analysis, such records need to be simulated. In this study, we use a procedure that is extended based on the stochastic point-source method to simulate records for scenario events. The application of the simulated records to a single-layer reticulated dome with multiple supports is presented. The application is aimed at investigating the differences between the responses subjected to spatially uniform excitation and to spatially correlated and coherent multiple-support excitation for a scenario seismic event, assessing the relative importance of the spatial coherence and spatial correlation on the responses, and evaluating the effect of the uncertainty in the spatially correlated and coherent records for a scenario event on the statistics of the seismic responses. The analysis results indicate that the spatial correlation of the Fourier amplitude spectrum has a predominant influence on the linear/nonlinear responses, and the consideration of spatially correlated and coherent excitation at multiple supports is very important. The consideration of uniform excitation severely underestimates the seismic load effects as compared to those obtained under spatially correlated and coherent multiple-support excitation.
Introduction: institutional experimentation for better (or worse) work
Authors: Ferreras Isabelle , MacDonald Ian , Murray Gregor , Pulignano Valeria
Published: June 2020

In different national, institutional and organisational contexts, and in conditions of uncertainty, worker organisations, old and new, are experimenting in response to the major fault lines of change they face. This introduction to the special issue focuses on these processes of experimentation: the disruption of traditional forms of regulation of work and employment; how a variety of actors are engaged in experimentation about the governance of work and employment; how these actors are making claims on the state; how these processes can lead to better and to worse work; and how strong sets of capabilities and particular configurations of resources on the part of those engaged in experimentation can contribute to new forms of work regulation and indeed better work. Key themes include the agency and resilience of actors and their development of new collective capabilities, the importance of deliberation and democracy, the strategic and reflexive nature of their experimentation, the potential scalability of experimentation into new forms of institutionalisation integrating core values such as equality, solidarity and democracy, and new models of research aggregation requiring ongoing dialogue between actors and researchers.
Einleitung: Institutionelles Experimentieren für bessere (oder schlechtere) Arbeit
Authors: Ferreras Isabelle , MacDonald Ian , Murray Gregor , Pulignano Valeria
Published: June 2020

In unterschiedlichen nationalen, institutionellen und organisationalen Kontexten und unter ungewissen Bedingungen versuchen traditionelle und neue Arbeitnehmerorganisationen Antworten auf die Frage zu finden, wie mit den großen Konfliktlinien der Veränderungen umzugehen ist, mit denen sie konfrontiert werden. Die Einleitung zu dieser Themenausgabe befasst sich vorrangig mit diesem Prozess des Experimentierens: der Disruption traditioneller Formen der Regulierung von Arbeit und Beschäftigung; wie unterschiedliche Akteure in die experimentierenden Modelle der Governance von Arbeit und Beschäftigung eingebunden werden; wie diese Akteure Forderungen an den Staat stellen; wie diese Prozesse zu besseren oder schlechteren Arbeitsbedingungen führen können; und wie eine große Bandbreite an Fähigkeiten und eine besondere Konfiguration von Ressourcen der Experimentierenden einen Beitrag zu neuen Formen der Regulierung der Arbeit leisten und damit auch zu besserer Arbeit führen können. Zu den wichtigen Themen gehören die Agency und die Resilienz der Akteure und ihre Entwicklung neuer kollektiver Fähigkeiten, die Bedeutung von Deliberation und Demokratie, die strategische und reflexive Natur des Experimentierens, die potenzielle Übertragbarkeit des Experimentierens hin zu neuen Formen der Institutionalisierung bei gleichzeitiger Integration von grundlegenden Werten wie Gleichheit, Solidarität und Demokratie und neue Formen aggregierter Erkenntnisse, die einen ständigen Dialog zwischen Akteuren und Forschenden erfordern.
How Large Information Technology Companies Use Twitter: Arrangement of Corporate Accounts and Characteristics of Tweets
Authors: Zhang Shu , Gosselt Jordy F. , de Jong Menno D. T.
Published: June 2020

Twitter is widely used by companies to reach various stakeholders, but how they use this social media platform is still unclear. To investigate how companies use Twitter, this study analyzes the content of the Twitter accounts of four large information technology companies, focusing on the arrangement of different Twitter accounts and on message characteristics (content, message elements, and communication strategies). The results show that companies used architectures of different Twitter accounts to serve various stakeholder groups. The companies’ tweets covered diverse topics within the corporate, marketing, and technical communication domains. The tweets focused more on providing information and promoting action than on facilitating dialogue.
Expanded Analysis of a Modified Enhanced Recovery Protocol in Cleft Palatoplasty
Authors: Hush Stefanie E. , Brady Colin , Soldanska Magdalena , Williams Joseph K.
Published: June 2020

Objective:

We have previously shown the efficacy of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in pediatric cleft palatoplasty for proof of concept (POC). We sought to validate the efficacy of ERAS when expanded to patients of variable age and complexity undergoing primary palatoplasty.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Between April 2017 and December 2018, 100 patients were collected prospectively for the expanded assessment (ERAS2) and POC (ERAS1) and compared to historical controls both independently and in aggregate (ERAS(T)). We compared patient demographics, perioperative narcotic administration, length of stay (LOS), and rates of return to service (RTS).

Results:

Despite increased complexity, total narcotic usage (morphine equivalents normalized per weight) during each phase of care was significantly greater in controls when compared to ERAS1, ERAS2, or ERAST, respectively (intraoperative: 0.44 mg/kg vs 0.013 mg/kg vs 0.016 mg/kg vs 0.014 mg/kg; postanesthesia care unit: 0.061 mg/kg vs 0.006 mg/kg vs 0.007 mg/kg vs 0.007 mg/kg; postoperative: 0.389 mg/kg vs 0.009 mg/kg vs 0.026 mg/kg vs 0.017 mg/kg). ERAS1 and ERAS2 groups each demonstrated a decrease in LOS (−36.6%, −26.3%) when compared to controls. Overall, application of ERAS led to a 95.7% reduction in narcotic administration and a 31.7% decrease in LOS when compared to controls. The incidence of RTS was higher in ERAS2 (13.0%) when compared to ERAS1 (2.1%) or controls (2.4%), with the strongest independent predictor being a positive perioperative respiratory viral panel (PRVP).

Conclusions:

Application of ERAS to palatoplasty patients of advanced age and complexity evidenced consistency with respect to decreased perioperative narcotic administration and shortened LOS. A positive PRVP was found to be an independent predictor of RTS even when ERAS was applied.
Assessment of Kidney Function in Patients With Extreme Obesity: A Narrative Review
Authors: Erstad Brian L. , Nix David E.
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

To discuss the evidence and caveats associated with estimated and measured creatinine clearance (eClCr and mClCr) and glomerular filtration rate (eGFR and mGFR) assessments of kidney function in patients with more extreme forms of obesity.

Data Sources:

PubMed (1976 to mid-May 2020) was used, with bibliographies of retrieved articles searched for additional articles.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

Articles using gold standard mGFR to evaluate eClCr, mClCr, and eGFR assessments of kidney function in patients with more extreme forms of obesity were included.

Data Synthesis:

The overestimation of GFR by mClCr is well established, but mClCr is an alternative to mGFR assessments for determining medication dosing in patients with extremes of body size or muscle mass, or in patients receiving narrow therapeutic index medications when eGFR is likely to be inaccurate. The vast majority of studies comparing eGFR assessments with gold standard indicators of kidney function were attempts to validate eGFR equations for diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

For dosing medications in patients with stable kidney function and extreme obesity, a deindexed 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease or CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation is an alternative to Cockcroft-Gault. Consistent use of the same equation by provider and between providers within any given setting is of paramount importance.

Conclusions:

In patients with extreme obesity and stable kidney function, eClCr or eGFR using deindexed values provides estimates of function for dosing adjustments of medications with elimination by the kidneys, but more research is needed with respect to the best size descriptor to use with estimating equations.
Impact of Early Reinitiation of Neuropsychiatric Medications on Agitation and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cucci Michaelia D. , Cunningham Brittany S. , Patel Jaimini S. , Shimer Alan T. , Mofleh Dania I. , Mullen Chanda L.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Approximately 17% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients are prescribed at least 1 home neuropsychiatric medication (NPM). When abruptly discontinued, withdrawal symptoms may occur manifesting as agitation or delirium in the ICU setting.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of early reinitiation of NPMs.

Methods:

This was a retrospective, observational cohort of adult ICU patients in a tertiary care hospital. Patients were included if admitted to the ICU and prescribed a NPM prior to arrival. Study groups were based on the timing of reinitiation of at least 50% of NPMs: ≤72 hours (early group) versus >72 hours (late group).

Results:

The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with at least 1 agitation or delirium episode in the first 72 hours. Agitation and delirium were defined as at least 1 RASS assessment between +2 to +4 and a positive CAM-ICU assessment, respectively. A total of 300 patients were included, with 187 (62%) and 113 (38%) in the early and late groups, respectively. There was no difference in agitation or delirium (late 54 [48%] vs early 62 [33%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.8-2.8; P = 0.193). Independent risk factors found to be associated with the primary outcome were restraints (aOR = 12.9; 95% CI = 6.9-24.0; P < 0.001) and benzodiazepines (BZDs; aOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0-3.7; P = 0.038).

Conclusions:

After adjustment for baseline differences, there was no difference in agitation or delirium. Independent risk factors were restraint use and newly initiated BZDs.
“Not an Either/or Situation”: The Minimization of Violence Against Women In United Kingdom “Domestic Abuse” Policy
Authors: Aldridge Jo
Published: June 2020

Proposed new legislation in England and Wales on domestic violence and abuse—the “Domestic Abuse Bill”—is underpinned by changes to criminal law, specifically the introduction of coercive and controlling behavior as set out in the Serious Crime Act 2015. The new Bill commits the British government to four main objectives with, it is claimed, prevention and protection at their heart. What is notable, however, is the rubric shift from “violence” to “abuse” in the proposed new legislation and its subscription to a gender symmetry paradigm that suggests a “watering down” of the government’s response to gendered violence.
Communicating by Catcalling: Power Dynamics and Communicative Motivations in Street Harassment
Authors: DelGreco Maria , Ebesu Hubbard Amy S. , Denes Amanda
Published: June 2020

To understand the frequencies and communicative motivations of men engaging in street harassment, men’s tolerance of sexual harassment, and the relationship between power and street harassment experiences for both men and women using the frameworks of dyadic power theory and feminist theories, we surveyed 348 undergraduate participants at a university in the Pacific United States. Results indicated that men who believe they have lower power than women were the most likely to report engaging in street harassment. Results also indicated a positive relationship between men’s reported tolerance for sexual harassment and men’s reports of engaging in street harassment.
Comparison between sedation room and operating room in central venous catheter positioning in children
Authors: Chiaretti Antonio , Pittiruti Mauro , Sassudelli Giovanni , Conti Giorgio , Rossi Marco , Pulitanò Silvia Maria , Mancino Aldo , Pusateri Angela , Gatto Antonio , Tosi Federica
Published: June 2020

Background:

Placement of central venous access devices is a clinical procedure associated with some risk of adverse events and with a relevant cost. Careful choice of the device, appropriate insertion technique, and proper management of the device are well-known strategies commonly adopted to achieve an optimal clinical result. However, the environment where the procedure takes place may have an impact on the overall outcome in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.

Methods:

We carried out a retrospective analysis on pediatric patients scheduled for a major neurosurgical operation, who required a central venous access device in the perioperative period. We divided the patients in two groups: in group A the central venous access device was inserted in the operating room, while in group B the central venous access device was inserted in the sedation room of our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. We compared the two groups in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness.

Results:

We analyzed 47 central venous access devices in 42 children. There were no insertion-related complications. Only one catheter-related bloodstream infection was recorded, in group A. However, the costs related to central venous access device insertion were quite different: €330–€540 in group A versus €105–€135 in group B.

Conclusion:

In the pediatric patient candidate to a major neurosurgical operation, preoperative insertion of the central venous access device in the sedation room rather than in the operating room is less expensive and equally safe.
The Performative University: ‘Targets’, ‘Terror’ and ‘Taking Back Freedom’ in Academia
Authors: Jones David R , Visser Max , Stokes Peter , Örtenblad Anders , Deem Rosemary , Rodgers Peter , Tarba Shlomo Y
Published: June 2020

This special issue assembles eight papers which provide insights into the working lives of early career to more senior academics, from several different countries. The first common theme which emerges is around the predominance of ‘targets’, enacting aspects of quantification and the ideal of perfect control and fabrication. The second theme is about the ensuing precarious evocation of ‘terror’ impacting on mental well-being, albeit enacted in diverse ways. Furthermore, several papers highlight a particular type of response, beyond complicity to ‘take freedom back’ (the third theme). This freedom is used to assert an emerging parallel form of resistance over time, from overt, planned, institutional collective representation towards more informal, post-recognition forms of collaborative, covert, counter spaces (both virtually and physically). Such resistance is underpinned by a collective care, generosity and embrace of vulnerability, whereby a reflexive collegiality is enacted. We feel that these emergent practices should encourage senior management, including vice-chancellors, to rethink performative practices. Situating the papers in the context of the current coronavirus crisis, they point towards new forms of seeing and organising which open up, rather than close down, academic freedom to unleash collaborative emancipatory power so as to contribute to the public and ecological good.
The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety in autism: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jenkinson Richard , Milne Elizabeth , Thompson Andrew
Published: June 2020

The association between intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety has proved robust in neurotypical populations and has led to effective interventions targeting intolerance of uncertainty. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate this association in autistic people, given the high prevalence of anxiety in this population and the limited effectiveness of therapies used currently to treat anxiety in autism. A protocol was published on the Prospero database (CRD42019125315), and electronic databases were searched using terms related to intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety and autism. Included in the systematic review were 12 studies, of which 10 were included in a meta-analysis. Results showed that anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty were consistently elevated in autistic participants. Examining the correlation between these two constructs, the meta-analysis revealed a large sample-weighted effect size, r = 0.62, 95% confidence interval = [0.52, 0.71], p < 0.001. The strength of this association was comparable to meta-analyses conducted on neurotypical populations, and therefore, it was concluded intolerance of uncertainty may be an appropriate target for intervention for autistic individuals. However, conclusions were limited due to the small number of relevant studies that were available and due to issues with methodological quality.

Lay abstract

People who find it especially hard to cope with the unexpected or unknown are said to have an intolerance of uncertainty. Autistic individuals often report a preference for certainty and experience levels of anxiety that can interfere with their daily life. Understanding more about the link between the intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety in autistic people might lead to better treatments for anxiety being developed. Therefore, this work aimed to review previous research in order to explore this link. Twelve studies were found and their results were compared and contrasted. The autistic people who participated in the studies completed questionnaires that suggested a large number of them experienced very high levels of anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty. Of 10 studies that used relevant statistics, nine found a statistically significant link between anxiety and the intolerance of uncertainty. In general, the strength of the link was about the same as previous research found in people who did not have a diagnosis of autism. This might mean that interventions that aim to help people who are intolerant of uncertainty could be effective for autistic individuals.
One person, three identities? Examining re-politicization of ethnic, national, and Australian identities among 1.5-generation Taiwanese immigrants in Australia
Authors: Li Yao-Tai
Published: June 2020

Immigrants of the 1.5-generation (1.5-ers) differ from first- and second-generation immigrants because they are generally better immersed in the culture of the host society than the first generation; yet, compared to the second generation, they often have to renegotiate their identities in relation to parents, colleagues at work, and people in the host society during the processes of migration. Drawing on interview data from Taiwanese 1.5-ers in Australia, this article takes a further step and points out that in addition to the identity struggle between home and host country, Taiwanese 1.5-ers also identify as ethnic Chinese (Huaren) and constantly negotiate between these three identities (Huaren, Taiwanese, and Australian). This article argues that identity negotiation and hybridization is in nature a re-politicization process in which respondents are fully aware of the political meanings and power disparities of each identity. It is also a process whereby Taiwanese 1.5-ers mobilize, downplay, and hybridize specific identities based on time and context.
Headlines for summarizing news or attracting readers’ attention? Comparing news headlines in South Korean newspapers with the New York Times
Authors: Lee Na Yeon
Published: June 2020

This study examined whether the headlines of newspapers in South Korea and the New York Times differed in terms of the semantic function – that is, summarizing news stories and the pragmatic function – that is, attracting readers’ attention. The New York Times is regarded as one of the news organizations that practices quality journalism, yet it also faces the pressure of market-driven journalism that focuses more on financial interests than the public interest. News organizations, popular as well as quality newspapers, have become unprecedentedly competitive in the new media context, pressured to increase audience attention, possibly influencing quality papers to emphasize the pragmatic function of attracting audiences by employing more sensational headlines. A content analysis of 749 news articles, which compared 10 newspapers in South Korea with the New York Times in the United States, showed that newspapers in South Korea more frequently employed headlines that highlighted the pragmatic function. Specifically, this study operationalized the semantic function to include headlines with factual information – that is, Who, When, Where, What, Why, and How – while the pragmatic function measured the extent to which headlines included four attracting devices – metaphors, adverbs, direct quotations, and questions. Findings of this study showed that only 4.9 percent of the headlines included more than four items of factual information among the Who, When, Where, What, Why, and How, whereas 74.9 percent of the headlines included more than one attracting device. Compared to the New York Times, the Korean newspapers were more likely to employ adverbs and direct quotations.
Education is society … and there is no society: The ontological turn of education
Authors: Tony Carusi F , Szkudlarek Tomasz
Published: June 2020

Recent work in education research and policy studies has been critical of the view that sees education as a fix for social problems. This perspective invites a reconsideration of the relationship between education and society that breaks from the long held instrumental assumptions informing most education theory and policy, wherein education is a means to a fully reconciled society. Drawing on Ernesto Laclau’s argument for the impossibility of society, this article considers the ontology of education in light of society’s impossibility. Referring to previous work on rhetorics and tropes in education policy and theory, we discuss how ‘ontological rhetorics’ in the discourse of education create the objects on and through which it operates. By focusing on the ontology of education, we are able to theorize education as more than and different from its role as a means to an end. Expanding the way Laclau and Mouffe use Althusser’s notion of overdetermination, we speak of education as beyond and excessive to the demands of the social, making education a tropological register of the social through which we continually encounter the impossibility of society. Rather than being effective means to current forms of political power, education contributes to the production of discursive resources necessary for the construction of any political entity, for configurations of the political understood as the ontological process of creating the frameworks of social life.
Perceptions of Program Abuse and Support for Social Insurance
Authors: Bokemper Scott E. , Fang Albert H. , Huber Gregory A.
Published: June 2020

Do perceptions of abuse in social insurance programs undercut program support? Answering this causal question is difficult because perceptions of program abuse can arise from multiple potential causes. Examining the case of disability insurance, we circumvent this challenges using laboratory experiments to study the interplay between program abuse and program support. Specifically, we test whether participants vote to reduce benefit levels when they observe program abuse, even if that abuse is not directly costly to them. We use a labor market shock to induce program abuse and show that the observation of a healthy worker receiving benefits causes workers who are unaffected by the shock to vote to lower benefits. This effect arises only when reducing benefit levels also reduces taxes. Our results demonstrate a causal link between program abuse and diminished support for social insurance, validating accounts that stress how violations of cooperative norms can undercut socially beneficial government programs.
Application of Zizao Yangrong Granules for Treating Targeted Drugs–Related Skin Xerosis: A Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Study
Authors: Peng Yan Mei , Duan Hua , Zhang Jingyi , Sun Chenyao , Zhang Xu , Shen Wen , Zheng Shuyue , Tan Kexin , Jiang Xuejiao , Li Jia , Cui Hui Juan
Published: June 2020

Background: Dermatologic toxicities are the most common side effects associated with the targeted drugs epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs), in which xerosis commonly complicated by pruritus severely disturbs the quality of life. The study has observed the curative effect of Zizao Yangrong granules (ZYG) from Chishui Xuanzhu in the treatment of EGFRIs-related xerosis and pruritus, as well as evaluating the safety of the prescription. Methods: Patients (n = 68) who had xerosis after using EGFRIs were enrolled and then randomly divided into the treatment group and control group, respectively, receiving ZYG and placebo granules combined with vitamin E ointment. The intervention lasted 4 weeks. Changes in xerosis and pruritus were observed, and blood routine examination as well as liver and kidney function are observed as safety indexes. The water content of skin and qualify of life were observed. Results: A total of 66 out of 68 patients finished the study with 34 patients in each group. The effective rates of xerosis among the treatment group and control group were 84.8% and 69.7% after 2 weeks’ treatment ( P < .05), while they were 84.8% and 75.8% after 4 weeks’ treatment ( P < .05). The patients in the experimental group had better quality of life than that in the control group ( P = .045). Conclusion: ZYG can effectively improve the skin dryness associated with EGFRIs, and significantly improve the quality of life of patients with good safety; however, larger randomized controlled trials are needed to verify these findings.
Home Environmental Assessment Protocol–Revised Initial Psychometrics: A Pilot Study
Authors: Struckmeyer Linda R. , Pickens Noralyn , Brown Diane , Mitchell Katy
Published: June 2020

Efficient home assessments are needed for persons with dementia and their caregivers. Pilot studies to establish a content validity index (CVI), measure concurrent criterion validity, and examine test–retest reliability of the Home Environment Assessment Protocol–Revised (HEAP-R). Six experts reviewed the tool and scored content validity items. Twenty-one caregiver/person with dementia dyads engaged with HEAP and HEAP-R to examine concurrent criterion validity. Seventeen occupational therapists viewed 10 videos of home environments to examine reliability. The CVI score was .980. Concurrent criterion validity for domains: hazards ( r =.792), adaptations ( r = .742), clutter ( r = .843), and comfort ( r = .958). Test–retest reliability: hazards ( r = .820), adaptations ( r = .887), visual cues ( r = .487), and clutter ( r = .696). Pilot data suggest the HEAP-R has preliminary content and concurrent criterion validity and test–retest reliability. Robust psychometric analysis is needed prior to use in clinical practice.
Transformative Learning and the Arts: A Literature Review
Authors: Blackburn Miller Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Between 2005 and 2017 yielded fertile ground for research studies and articles about transformative learning and the arts within the field of adult education. The main questions this article seeks to answer are: What art forms are being used for transformative learning, how are they being used, and with what effect? The article begins by establishing the rationale for Artistic Ways of Knowing and gives a brief summary of the topic. The remainder of the article focuses on transformative learning and is organized around a variety of artistic categories. The conclusion includes critical reflections and suggestions for further applications of this topic, through research, programs, and policy. The overall goal for this literature review is to serve as a foundational source, to gather the research on this topic together, and to provide a springboard for future research in this area.
Relationship between upper limb motor function and activities of daily living after removing the influence of lower limb motor function in subacute patients with stroke: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yamamoto Haruka , Takeda Kazuya , Koyama Soichiro , Morishima Keisuke , Hirakawa Yuichi , Motoya Ikuo , Sakurai Hiroaki , Kanada Yoshikiyo , Kawamura Nobutoshi , Kawamura Mami , Tanabe Shigeo
Published: June 2020

Background

Previous studies have reported a relationship between upper limb motor function and activities of daily living. However, their relationship after removing the influence of lower limb motor function has not been clarified.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Fugl-Meyer assessment upper limb and total Functional Independence Measure motor score and between Fugl-Meyer assessment upper limb and each item contained in Functional Independence Measure motor score after eliminating the influence of the motor function of the affected lower limb.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study included 58 subacute stroke patients. To investigate the relationship between the Fugl-Meyer assessment upper limb and total Functional Independence Measure motor score before and after removing the influence of Fugl-Meyer assessment lower limb, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and partial correlation analysis were used. Additionally, the relationship between Fugl-Meyer assessment upper limb and each item of Functional Independence Measure motor score after removing the influence was assessed.

Results

Before removing the influence of Fugl-Meyer assessment lower limb, Fugl-Meyer assessment upper limb was strongly correlated with total Functional Independence Measure motor score (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). However, it became weak after removing the influence (r = 0.27, p = 0.04). Regarding each item of Functional Independence Measure motor score, Fugl-Meyer assessment upper limb was correlated with grooming (r = 0.27, p = 0.04), bathing (r = 0.28, p = 0.03), dressing upper body (r = 0.33, p = 0.01), dressing lower body (r = 0.31, p = 0.02), and stair-climbing (r = 0.31, p = 0.02) after removing the influence.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the relationship between the upper limb motor function and activities of daily living is strongly influenced by lower limb motor function.
Adaptive Kalman filtering-based pedestrian navigation algorithm for smartphones
Authors: Yu Chen , Haiyong Luo , Fang Zhao , Qu Wang , Wenhua Shao
Published: June 2020

Pedestrian navigation with daily smart devices has become a vital issue over the past few years and the accurate heading estimation plays an essential role in it. Compared to the pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) based solutions, this article constructs a scalable error model based on the inertial navigation system and proposes an adaptive heading estimation algorithm with a novel method of relative static magnetic field detection. To mitigate the impact of magnetic fluctuation, the proposed algorithm applies a two-way Kalman filter process. Firstly, it achieves the historical states with the optimal smoothing algorithm. Secondly, it adjusts the noise parameters adaptively to reestimate current attitudes. Different from the pedestrian dead reckoning-based solution, the error model system in this article contains more state information, which means it is more sensitive and scalable. Moreover, several experiments were conducted, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed heading estimation algorithm obtains better performance than previous approaches and our system outperforms the PDR system in terms of flexibility and accuracy.