bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Centrosomal Amplification Score Predicts Local Recurrence of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Mittal Karuna , Toss Michael S. , Wei Guanhao , Kaur Jaspreet , Choi Da Hoon , Melton Brian D. , Osan Remus M. , Miligy Islam M. , Green Andrew R. , Janssen Emiel A.M. , Søiland Håvard , Gogineni Keerthi , Manne Upender , Rida Padmashree , Rakha Emad A. , Aneja Ritu
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to predict risk of local recurrence (LR) in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with a new visualization and quantification approach using centrosome amplification (CA), a cancer cell–specific trait widely associated with aggressiveness.

Experimental Design:

This first-of-its-kind methodology evaluates the severity and frequency of numerical and structural CA present within DCIS and assigns a quantitative centrosomal amplification score (CAS) to each sample. Analyses were performed in a discovery cohort (DC, n = 133) and a validation cohort (VC, n = 119).

Results:

DCIS cases with LR exhibited significantly higher CAS than recurrence-free cases. Higher CAS was associated with a greater risk of developing LR (HR, 6.3 and 4.8 for DC and VC, respectively; P < 0.001). CAS remained an independent predictor of relapse-free survival (HR, 7.4 and 4.5 for DC and VC, respectively; P < 0.001) even after accounting for potentially confounding factors [grade, age, comedo necrosis, and radiotherapy (RT)]. Patient stratification using CAS (P < 0.0001) was superior to that by Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI; HR for CAS = 6.2 vs. HR for VNPI = 1.1). Among patients treated with breast-conserving surgery alone, CAS identified patients likely to benefit from adjuvant RT.

Conclusions:

CAS predicted 10-year LR risk for patients who underwent surgical management alone and identified patients who may be at low risk of recurrence, and for whom adjuvant RT may not be required. CAS demonstrated the highest concordance among the known prognostic models such as VNPI and clinicopathologic variables such as grade, age, and comedo necrosis.
Targeting Super-Enhancer–Associated Oncogenes in Osteosarcoma with THZ2, a Covalent CDK7 Inhibitor
Authors: Zhang Jiajun , Liu Weihai , Zou Changye , Zhao Zhiqiang , Lai Yuanying , Shi Zhi , Xie Xianbiao , Huang Gang , Wang Yongqian , Zhang Xuelin , Fan Zepei , Su Qiao , Yin Junqiang , Shen Jingnan
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Malignancy of cancer cells depends on the active transcription of tumor-associated genes. Recently, unique clusters of transcriptional enhancers, termed super-enhancers, have been reported to drive the expression of genes that define cell identity. In this study, we characterized specific super-enhancer–associated genes of osteosarcoma, and explored their potential therapeutic value.

Experimental Design:

Super-enhancer regions were characterized through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA level of CDK7 in patient specimens and confirm the regulation of sensitive oncogenes by THZ2. The phosphorylation of the initiation-associated sites of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) C-terminal repeat domain (CTD) was measured using Western blotting. Microarray expression analysis was conducted to explore transcriptional changes after THZ2 treatment. A variety of in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess the effects of CDK7 knockdown and THZ2 treatment in osteosarcoma.

Results:

Super-enhancers were associated with oncogenic transcripts and key genes encoding cell-type–specific transcription factors in osteosarcoma. Knockdown of transcription factor CDK7 reduced phosphorylation of the RNAPII CTD, and suppressed the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma. A new specific CDK7 inhibitor, THZ2, suppressed cancer biology by inhibition of transcriptional activity. Compared with typical enhancers, osteosarcoma super-enhancer–associated oncogenes were particular vulnerable to this transcriptional disruption. THZ2 exhibited a powerful anti-osteosarcoma effect in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

Super-enhancer–associated genes contribute to the malignant potential of osteosarcoma, and selectively targeting super-enhancer–associated oncogenes with the specific CDK7 inhibitor THZ2 might be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with osteosarcoma.
A Phase I Study of Ruxolitinib, Lenalidomide, and Steroids for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Berenson James R. , To Jennifer , Spektor Tanya M. , Martinez Daisy , Turner Carley , Sanchez Armando , Ghermezi Matthew , Eades Benjamin M. , Swift Regina A. , Schwartz Gary , Eshaghian Shahrooz , Stampleman Laura , Moss Robert A. , Lim Stephen , Vescio Robert
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Ruxolitinib with lenalidomide and dexamethasone shows antimyeloma effects in vitro and in vivo. MUC1 leads to lenalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma cells, and ruxolitinib blocks its expression. Thus, ruxolitinib may restore sensitivity to lenalidomide. Therefore, a phase I trial was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib with lenalidomide and methylprednisolone for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who had been treated with lenalidomide/steroids and a proteasome inhibitor and showed progressive disease at study entry.

Patients and Methods:

A traditional 3+3 dose escalation design was used to enroll subjects in four cohorts with planned total enrollment of 28 patients. Subjects received ruxolitinib twice daily, lenalidomide daily on days 1–21 of a 28-day cycle, and methylprednisolone orally every other day. Primary endpoints were safety, clinical benefit rate (CBR), and overall response rate (ORR).

Results:

Twenty-eight patients were enrolled. The median age was 67 years and received a median of six prior treatments including lenalidomide and steroids to which 93% were refractory. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred. The CBR and ORR were 46% and 38%, respectively. All 12 responding patients were refractory to lenalidomide. Grade 3 or grade 4 adverse events (AE) included anemia (18%), thrombocytopenia (14%), and lymphopenia (14%). Most common serious AEs included sepsis (11%) and pneumonia (11%).

Conclusions:

This phase I trial demonstrates that a JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, can overcome refractoriness to lenalidomide and steroids for patients with RRMM. These results represent a promising novel therapeutic approach for treating multiple myeloma (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03110822).
Plasma Thymidine Kinase Activity as a Biomarker in Patients with Luminal Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated with Palbociclib within the TREnd Trial
Authors: McCartney Amelia , Bonechi Martina , De Luca Francesca , Biagioni Chiara , Curigliano Giuseppe , Moretti Erica , Minisini Alessandro Marco , Bergqvist Mattias , Benelli Matteo , Migliaccio Ilenia , Galardi Francesca , Risi Emanuela , De Santo Irene , Romagnoli Dario , Biganzoli Laura , Di Leo Angelo , Malorni Luca
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is downstream to the CDK4/6 pathway, and TK activity (TKa) measured in blood is a dynamic marker of outcome in patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC). This study explores TK1 as a biomarker of palbociclib response, both in vitro and in patients with ABC.

Experimental Design:

Modulation of TK1 levels and activity by palbociclib were studied in seven estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer cell lines: sensitive (PDS) and with palbociclib acquired resistance (PDR). TKa was assayed in plasma obtained at baseline (T0), after one cycle (T1), and at disease progression on palbociclib (T2) in patients enrolled in the “To Reverse ENDocrine Resistance” (TREnd) trial (n = 46).

Results:

Among E2F-dependent genes, TK1 was significantly downregulated after short-term palbociclib. Early TKa reduction by palbociclib occurred in PDS but not in PDR cells. In patients, median TKa (mTKa) at T0 was 75 DiviTum units per liter (Du/L), with baseline TKa not proving prognostic. At T1, mTKa decreased to 35 Du/L, with a minority of patients (n = 8) showing an increase—correlating with a worse outcome than those with decreased/stable TKa (n = 33; mPFS 3.0 vs 9.0 months; P = 0.002). At T2, mTKa was 251 Du/L; patients with TKa above the median had worse outcomes on post-study treatment compared with those with lower TKa (2.9 vs 8.7 months; P = 0.05).

Conclusions:

TK is a dynamic marker of resistance to palbociclib which may lead to early identification of patients in whom treatment escalation may be feasible. In addition, TKa may stratify prognosis in patients with acquired resistance to palbociclib.
New Technologies for Outcome Measures in Glaucoma: Review by the European Vision Institute Special Interest Focus Group
Authors: Traber Ghislaine L. , della Volpe-Waizel Maria , Maloca Peter , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Rubin Gary , Roska Botond , Cordeiro M. Francesca , Otto Tilman , Weleber Richard , Lesmes Luis Andres , Arleo Angelo , Scholl Hendrik P.N.
Published: January 2020

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with an increasing prevalence. The complexity of the disease has been a major challenge in moving the field forward with regard to both pathophysiological insight and treatment. In this context, discussing possible outcome measures in glaucoma trials is of utmost importance and clinical relevance. A recent meeting of the European Vision Institute (EVI) special interest focus group was held on “New Technologies for Outcome Measures in Retina and Glaucoma,” addressing both functional and structural outcomes, as well as translational hot topics in glaucoma and retina research. In conjunction with the published literature, this review summarizes the meeting focusing on glaucoma.
Finasteride and Suicide: A Postmarketing Case Series
Authors: Irwig Michael S.
Published: January 2020

Background: In 2011, depression was added to the product labeling of finasteride in the USA. The US Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System database contains at least 36 death cases for finasteride. The aim of this study is to characterize the clinical histories and symptoms reported by a series of 6 suicide victims who took finasteride for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Methods: Medical records and autopsy reports were provided by family members of the cases. Relevant information was extracted according to guidelines for submitting adverse event reports. Results: An important pattern of symptoms was common among all cases who committed suicide in the setting of finasteride use – insomnia and persistent sexual dysfunction after medication discontinuation. Insomnia and fatigue/tiredness were some of the most debilitating symptoms. Apart from 1 case who had hyperlipidemia, there was no documentation of concomitant medication use with finasteride or any baseline medical or psychiatric diagnoses prior to starting finasteride. The findings of this postmarketing series may not be generalizable to the population of men who committed suicide in the setting of finasteride use due to small sample size and bias. Associations between medication use and symptoms cannot prove causality. Conclusion: Men under the age of 40 who use finasteride for alopecia are at risk for suicide if they develop persistent sexual adverse effects and insomnia. Further research is needed to establish whether finasteride has a causal relationship to suicide.
Eradication of Microorganisms Embedding in Biofilm by a Dose-Dependent Urokinase-Based Catheter Lock Solution in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Peng Xiaofei , Yin Wenqing , Peng Youming , Liu Hong , He Liyu
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Catheter-related blood stream infection (CRBSI), the most common complication of central vein catheter (CVC), was closely associated with high morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Conjunction with systemic antibiotic, antibiotic lock (ABL) is an important therapeutic option to salvage the catheter. With extra antimicrobial and biofilm removing properties, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)-based ABL could have a potential role in the treatment of CRBSI. Objective: In this study, we aimed to explore effectiveness of uPA-based (ABL) on microorganisms embedded in biofilms in vitro and CVC salvage rate in HD patients with CRBSI. Methods: In vitro, we induced biofilms formation on the surface of HD catheter by mimicking the development of CRBSI. Applying uPA with or without antibiotics on the kinds of microorganism biofilms to explore its antimicrobial and biofilm removing properties. In vivo, 86 HD patients diagnosed as CRBSI were retrospectively enrolled to see effectiveness of uPA-based ABL on catheter salvage rate as compare to heparin-based ABL. Results: uPA was effect to Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms compared to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Less biofilm residues made the regrowth of S. epidermidis also limited. The combination of uPA with antibiotic showed better antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity than uPA alone or heparin-based ABL in vitro and in vivo. Among HD patients, uPA-based ABL did not cause any obvious adverse affects, and it was more effective in treating coagulase-negative Staphylococci related CRBSI than other microorganisms. Conclusions: The combination of uPA and a therapeutic plasma concentration of sensitive antibiotic can work together to effectively remove coagulase-negative S. epidermidis embedded in biofilms in vitro. uPA-based ABL is safe and effective therapeutic intervention for HD patients with CRBSI, especially compared to heparin-based ABL.
Cardiac Intervention Improves Heart Disease and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Muscular Dystrophy in a Multidisciplinary Care Setting
Authors: Nikhanj Anish , Yogasundaram Haran , Miskew Nichols Bailey , Richman‐Eisenstat Janice , Phan Cecile , Bakal Jeffrey A. , Siddiqi Zaeem A. , Oudit Gavin Y.
Published: January 2020

Background

Patients with muscular dystrophy (
MD
) represent a vulnerable patient population with no clearly defined care model in modern‐day clinical practice to manage a high burden of heart disease and comorbidities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of cardiac interventions, namely the initiation and optimization of medical and device therapies, as part of a multidisciplinary care approach to improve clinical outcomes in patients with
MD
.

Methods and Results

We conducted a prospective cohort study at the Neuromuscular Multidisciplinary clinic following patients with dystrophinopathies, limb‐girdle
MD
, type 1 myotonic dystrophy, and facioscapulohumeral
MD
. A negative control group classified as non‐
MD
myopathies without heart disease, was also tracked. Our cohort of 185 patients (median age: 42 years; 79 [42.7%] women), included 145 patients with
MD
. Cardiomyopathy was present in 65.6% of the patients with dystrophinopathies (21 of 32) and 27.3% of the patients with limb‐girdle
MD
(9 of 33). Conduction abnormalities were common in type 1 myotonic dystrophy (33.3% [20/60] patients). Cardiac intervention reversed systolic dysfunction, with left ventricular ejection fraction improving from 43% to 50.0% over a 3‐year period. A sustained reduction in healthcare utilization was also observed. The number of outpatient clinic visits decreased from 3.0 to 1.5 visits per year, the duration of hospitalizations was reduced from 14.2 to 0.9 days per year, and the number of cardiac‐related hospitalizations decreased from 0.4 to 0.1 hospitalizations per year associated with low mortality.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that cardiac intervention as part of a comprehensive multidisciplinary care approach to treating patients with
MD
leads to a sustained improvement in clinical outcomes.
Madame Desoye, “First Woman Importer” of Japanese Art in Nineteenth-Century Paris
Authors: Emery Elizabeth
Published: January 2020

The shop run by Madame Desoye at 220, rue de Rivoli in Paris is legendary in Japonisme studies thanks to the writings of Edmond de Goncourt and Philippe Burty, yet the identity of the woman hidden behind this married name, like the extent of her participation in Japoniste activities, has long remained a mystery. The present article draws upon new archival research to provide information about the life of Louise Mélina Desoye, née Chopin (1836-1909) and her important contributions to the first wave of French Japonisme.
The Painters of the Blaue Reiter and Japan
Authors: Delank Claudia
Published: January 2020

Japonisme, like today’s Japanese pop culture, is a transcultural phenomenon. In the ‘classical phase of Japonisme’ individual artists were influenced by Japanese art (especially by ukiyo-e woodblock prints) and transcended thematic and compositional adaption: the confrontation with Japanese art sparked a creative process and led to new developments in art. Japonisme became not only an important medium in the development of modern western art, but also attested a cultural transcendence.
Pilosella bulgarica (Asteraceae) a new hybridogenous species from Bulgaria

Authors: SZELĄG ZBIGNIEW , VLADIMIROV VLADIMIR
Published: January 2020

The newly described Pilosella bulgarica combines the morphological features of P. pavichii and P. rhodopea, and grows in the subalpine habitats in the Kurudere gorge in the Triglav massif, Central Stara Planina Mountains, Bulgaria. It is illustrated with photos of the holotype (kept at SOM) and living plants in the locus classicus.
A protocol for online documentation of spider biodiversity inventories applied to a Mexican tropical wet forest (Araneae, Araneomorphae)
Authors: ÁLVAREZ-PADILLA FERNANDO , GALÁN-SÁNCHEZ M. ANTONIO , SALGUEIRO-SEPÚLVEDA F. JAVIER
Published: January 2020

Spider community inventories have relatively well-established standardized collecting protocols. Such protocols set rules for the orderly acquisition of samples to estimate community parameters and to establish comparisons between areas. These methods have been tested worldwide, providing useful data for inventory planning and optimal sampling allocation efforts. The taxonomic counterpart of biodiversity inventories has received considerably less attention. Species lists and their relative abundances are the only link between the community parameters resulting from a biotic inventory and the biology of the species that live there. However, this connection is lost or speculative at best for species only partially identified (e. g., to genus but not to species). This link is particularly important for diverse tropical regions were many taxa are undescribed or little known such as spiders. One approach to this problem has been the development of biodiversity inventory websites that document the morphology of the species with digital images organized as standard views. Their main contributions are the dissemination of phenotypic data for species difficult to identify or new with the assignment of species codes, allowing species comparisons between areas regardless of their taxonomic status. The present paper describes a protocol to produce these websites almost automatically. This protocol was successfully applied to 237 species from a tropical primary forest in Mexico. The time and infrastructure required for the documentation of these species are discussed. Taxonomic information in terms of identification challenges, possible new species, and potential nomenclatural issues is described. In addition, the conventional community parameters (e. g., inventory completeness, species richness estimations, sampling intensity) are also calculated and compared through time and between methods. An optimized version for sampling allocation effort per season is presented and compared with protocols optimized for other tropical forests.
Two new species of coastal Atyphella Olliff (Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
Authors: SAXTON NATALIE A. , POWELL GARETH S. , MARTIN GAVIN J. , BYBEE SETH M.
Published: January 2020

Additional work on the islands of Vanuatu has improved our understanding of the actual diversity of South Pacific coastal fireflies. Prior to recent fieldwork in Vanuatu, the only known lampyrid from Vanuatu was Atyphella aphrogeneia (Ballantyne), a coastal species also found in Papua New Guinea. After further examination, we determined that specimens from Vanuatu formerly classified as Atyphella aphrogeneia actually belong to an undescribed species. New species, Atyphella maritimus Saxton and Powell and Atyphella marigenous Saxton and Bybee, are described from specimens collected in Vanuatu. An updated key for coastal Atyphella in the South Pacific is provided.
Lohmannella (Acari, Halacaridae) from a cold-water coral reef off Norway, description of two new and a list of North Atlantic species
Authors: BARTSCH ILSE
Published: January 2020

Cold water coral reefs proved to harbour a diverse halacarid fauna. The fauna extracted from small pieces of corals was dominated by the genus Lohmannella which was represented by three species. Two species, new to science, are described and illustrated, namely Lohmannella njoerdri and Lohmannella sulensis. Of the third species only a single juvenile stage is available, since a reliable identification is not possible. Lohmannella njoerdri is characterized by long, slender claws. Lohmannella sulensis differs from other Lohmannella species by its wide dorsal plates, long and slender gnathosoma and legs and the part of the idiosoma posterior to insertion of leg IV being short.
First description of male worms of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus (Nematoda: Oxyuridae), the pinworm parasite of proboscis monkeys
Authors: HASEGAWA HIDEO , FRIAS LIESBETH , PETER SURDENSTEEVE , HASAN NOOR HALIZA , STARK DANICA J. , LYNN MILENA SALGADO , SIPANGKUI SYMPHOROSA , GOOSSENS BENOIT , MATSUURA KEIKO , OKAMOTO MUNEHIRO , MACINTOSH ANDREW J. J.
Published: January 2020

Males of Enterobius (Colobenterobius) serratus Hasegawa et al., 2003 (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) are described for the first time based on six individuals collected from the feces of proboscis monkeys, Nasalis larvatus, in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. The males show identical cephalic morphology to females, being readily distinguishable from their congeners by the serrated inner margins of the lips. The bicolored esophageal corpus, long thin spicule and developed spicular pouch with paired muscular bands are also remarkable characteristics, presumably shared by other Asian members of the subgenus.
A minority language in the globalizing world: The Buryat language on the Internet
Authors: Zhanaev Ayur , Połeć Wojciech
Published: January 2020

A minority language in the globalizing world: The Buryat language on the InternetThe situation of languages on the Internet seems to reproduce their situation in offline reality: dominant languages with a large number of users and support from state and society are more widespread. This does not mean, however, that minority languages are not present in the Internet. In this paper, using the example of the Buryat language, we are trying to show that websites or webpages in minority languages are created not only for instrumental but also autotelic reasons. Buryats make efforts to preserve their own language and culture; they are driven by a desire to emphasize their activity or by comparison with other nations which have websites in their own languages. An important issue in our discussion is the relationship between efforts aimed at the preservation and development of ethnic language in spoken and written form and the development of web content in that language. We thus show the relationship between “on-line” and “off-line” problems faced by Buryats today. Język mniejszości w globalizującym się świecie: język buriacki w InternecieSytuacja języków w Internecie zdaje się reprodukować ich sytuację w rzeczywistym świecie: języki dominujące, z dużą liczbą użytkowników, mogące liczyć na pomoc państw są bardziej rozprzestrzenione. Nie znaczy to jednak, że języki mniejszości nie są w Internecie obecne. W niniejszym opracowaniu, posługując się przykładem języka buriackiego, staramy się pokazać, że witryny czy też strony internetowe w językach mniejszościowych są tworzone nie tylko w celach instrumentalnych, ale także autotelicznych. Buriaci podejmują wysiłki, by chronić swój język i swoją kulturę, kierowani są chęcią podkreślenia swojej aktywności, porównaniami z innymi narodami, które mają witryny internetowe w swoich własnych językach. Ważną częścią naszej analizy są związki między wysiłkami mającymi na celu zachowanie i rozwój języka tnicznego w formie mówionej i pisanej a rozwojem treści internetowych w tym języku. Pokazujemy więc związki między problemami on-line i off-line, z jakimi borykają się współcześnie Buriaci.
Rozwój i stan krajobrazu językowego – przypadek języka wilamowskiego
Authors: Majerska-Sznajder Justyna
Published: January 2020

The development and current state of the linguistic landscape – the case of the Wymysorys languageWymysorys is a micro-language with Germanic roots spoken by the residents of Wilamowice, a small Silesian town located between Oświęcim and Bielsko-Biała, where it was brought by settlers from Western Europe in the thirteenth century. It has been the subject of scholarly interest among specialists in a number of fields, not only linguistics and ethnology, since the early twentieth century. Following a ban issued by local authorities in 1945, the use of Wymysorys was prohibited and public manifestations of local culture were severely punished. This policy resulted in a drastic decline of the number of its users. The recent interest of researchers is focused not only on the documentation of Wymysorys or its sociolinguistic situation in the past and today, but also on the effects of its revitalization in the last decade. Despite the lack of institutional support, the users’ community has been engaged in grass-roots initiatives leading to the emergence of Wymysorys in the cultural landscape. Recent activity of its users indicates that the language has already spread beyond the circles of local activists and, after years of persecution, functions again in society, evolving and taking new forms. Rozwój i stan krajobrazu językowego – przypadek języka wilamowskiegoJęzyk wilamowski, którym posługują się mieszkańcy Wilamowic (wym. Wymysoü), od początku XX wieku interesuje naukowców wielu dziedzin – nie tylko lingwistów i etnologów. Został on przywieziony przez osadników z Europy Zachodniej w XIII wieku na teren obecnych Wilamowic – małego miasteczka na Śląsku leżącego między Oświęcimiem a Bielskiem-Białą. Na skutek zakazu wydanego przez władze lokalne w 1945 roku używanie wilamowskiego było zabronione, a wszelkie publiczne przejawy odmiennej kultury ostro karane, w związku z czym liczba użytkowników wilamowskiego zaczęła drastycznie maleć. Zainteresowanie badaczy ostatnimi czasy wzbudza nie tylko kwestia dokumentacji tego mikrojęzyka o germańskich korzeniach czy stan etnolingwistyczny. Obserwacji podlegają również obecne efekty zaaplikowanych w ostatniej dekadzie procesów rewitalizacji językowej i zmiany lokalnej, a także państwowej polityki językowej. Mimo braku instytucjonalnego wsparcia, społeczeństwo użytkowników oddolnie podejmuje inicjatywy, których efektem jest między innymi pojawianie się wilamowskiego w krajobrazie kulturowym. Ostatnie działania użytkowników języka świadczą o tym, że opuścił już kręgi lokalnych aktywistów i ponownie, po latach zakazu, funkcjonuje samodzielnie w społeczeństwie, ewoluując i przybierając nowe formy.
The effect of heat stress on hematological parameters and oxidative stress among bakery workers
Authors: Gharibi Vahid , Khanjani Narges , Heidari Hamidreza , Ebrahimi Mohammad Hossein , Hosseinabadi Majid Bagheri
Published: January 2020

Heat stress causes physiological changes, and changes in hematological parameters and hormonal levels in the human body, known as thermal strain. This study was conducted to determine the effect of exposure to heat stress on hematological parameters and oxidative stress in the bakers of Shahroud City, Iran. A total of 163 bakery workers (exposed group) and 135 office workers (unexposed group) with a minimum of 1-year working experience were selected. Exposure to heat stress was measured using ISO-7243 criteria on the hottest days of the year (late July and August). Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was calculated based on indoor environments. Oxidative stress indices including malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the bakers' and office workers’ serum and hematological parameters were measured. Statistical analysis was done through independent t-test, and multivariate linear regression using SPSS v24. Analysis of hematological parameters showed that about 70% and 68% of the bakers had abnormal mean cell volume (MCV) and white blood cell (WBC) count, respectively, while only around 12% of them had abnormal mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The counts of red blood cells (RBC), WBC, lymphocytes (LYM), and MCV showed significant differences in different occupational groups ( p < 0.05). The levels of MDA and NO were significantly higher in bakers with WBGT more than the threshold value ( p < 0.05). The WBGT index for assessing heat stress can be used as a predictor variable for MDA and NO levels. In addition, heat stress exposure could be a risk factor for abnormal WBC, RBC, LYM, and MCV.
Experimental studies of helical coils in laminar regime for mechanically agitated vessel
Authors: SK Ansar Ali , Kumar Pardeep , Kumar Sandeep
Published: January 2020

The aim of this experimental study is to determine the heat transfer coefficients in laminar regime of mechanically agitated vessel for Newtonian (water) and non-Newtonian fluids, i.e. CMC (carboxy methyl cellulose) solutions in mechanically agitated vessel. It is found that Dean number and Prandtl number play an important role with Nusselt number while determining heat transfer coefficients. Modified Wilson plot is used to find heat transfer. The effect of friction factor on Reynolds number is also studied. The laminar flow heat transfer results have been successfully correlated in the following form with 15% standard deviation and this equation is suitable for the correlation for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids to find heat transfer coefficients in helical coils in mechanically agitated stirred vessel.
Uncertainty quantification of the effects of squealer tip geometry deviation on aerothermal performance
Authors: Shi Wei , Chen Pingting , Li Xueying , Jing Ren , Jiang Hongde
Published: January 2020

The first-stage rotor squealer tip is a key area in gas turbine for both aerodynamic performance and blade cooling tasks, which should be carefully designed. However, harsh operating conditions near the rotor squealer tip can cause the geometry of the squealer tip to degrade, and manufacturing inaccuracies can also cause the squealer tip geometry to deviate from the ideal design. These geometry deviations would change the flow field near the blade tip, which will influence the thermal and aerodynamic performance. Thus, it is important to quantitatively investigate the effects of squealer tip geometry deviation on the aerothermal performance. In this paper, a typical transonic first-stage turbine is employed, and three important geometric features of squealer tip, the tip clearance height (H), the squealer depth (D), and the squealer edge chamfer (R), are selected. An uncertainty quantification process is performed to study the effect of deviation of H, D, and R on the aerothermal performance. Many cases with different geometry features are checked in the current study using 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. A parameter sensitivity analysis using Sobol Indice method is carried out to identify the key parameters to aerothermal performance of the squealer tip. The uncertainty quantification results show that the existence of the tip chamfer reduces the size of separation bubble and the dwelling range of the scraping vortex, thus, the blockage effect of the leakage flow is weakened, which results in larger amount of leakage flow and more mixing loss of squealer tips with edge chamfer than those without edge chamfer. The results of the parameter sensitivity analysis show that the height of tip clearance is the main factor that affects the aerodynamic performance of the squealer tip. This work provides a certain guiding direction for the optimization design of the turbine groove tip.
Voices from the Past. Rearranging Values in Times of Crisis: The Example of North Indian Vaishnava Hagiographies
Authors: Rousseva-Sokolova Galina
Published: January 2020

This article is focussed on the study of a particular case of shift in religious values embodied in two seventeenth-century North Indian compilations of hagiographical narratives, elaborated within the religious community of Vallabhacharya, namely the collections of the 84 and 252 Vaishnava saints. The sect is presented against the backdrop of the mosaic-shaped Hindu landscape, where new ideas about sainthood and merit had come to challenge the established hierarchies and prevalent practices. The hagiographies, as a typical example of the ‘story with a message’ genre, bring down the lofty theological concepts, expounded in Sanskrit, to down-to-earth examples, voiced in everyday language, thus functioning as a practical guidance for followers of the sect. The article deconstructs the way narratives negotiate the establishing of a new religious value— bhakti—while addressing, at the same time, the devotees’ more traditional concerns, pertaining to the well-being of the forefathers, ritual purity or the concept of salvation, and promoting to them the lifestyle of economically engaged householders against the withdrawal of renouncement.
The Dynamics of Secondary Victimization: When Social Workers Blame Mothers
Authors: Fleckinger Andrea
Published: January 2020

The article describes the main results from a qualitative research project, which analyzes the relations between mothers exposed to gender-based violence and child protection social workers, looking at the risk of secondary victimization. The issue emerged from 10 years’ experience as a social worker at a women’s shelter where I was required several times to mediate the difficult relationship between child protection social worker and mother. The starting point was a preliminary field research with peers (staff members of women’s shelters) and women who had been blamed for the violence by their child protection social worker. These results formed the basis for the interviews held with child protection social workers. The analysis shows how victim–offender dynamics might also influence social work practices and illustrate the connections between dynamics of secondary victimization and the expectations regarding mothers and victims. Furthermore, some positive examples of support emerged which could be used as a basis for developing targeted methods for social work practice.
Damage mechanics-based modeling approaches for cyclic analysis of precast concrete structures: A comparative study
Authors: Feng De-Cheng , Wang Zhun , Cao Xu-Yang , Wu Gang
Published: January 2020

Precast concrete frame structures are widely adopted around the world due to their various advantages, so it is important to study their seismic performance. The development of damage mechanics has enabled us to accurately investigate the typical failure mechanisms of precast structures. This paper presents three of the most commonly used modeling approaches based on damage mechanics for analysis of precast reinforced concrete structures under cyclic loading and compares the performance of the three models. Particularly, the shear behavior of the joint panel and the bond-slip behavior of the beam–column interfaces are especially considered, which are the key issues for precast concrete structures. First, the fundamental assumptions, formulations, and modeling strategies are given in detail for each approach. Then, the unified damage mechanics for concrete is introduced, and the model for reinforcement bars and the consideration of the bond-slip effect are also presented. Several benchmark cyclic tests of precast beam-to-column connections are chosen to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the modeling approaches. The numerical results, e.g. the capacities, deformations, and energy dissipation of the connections, are compared to the experimental results to show the ability of each approach. With this study, we can gain a further understanding of the characteristics and applicability of each modeling approach, helping us make a better decision in choosing which modeling approach is appropriate.
Relationship Distress in Couples With and Without Reported Existing Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Making a Case for Relationship Education (RE)
Authors: Daire Andrew P. , Williams Brooke , Griffith Sandy-Ann M. , Wheeler Naomi , Tucker Kelsee , Liu Xun , Broyles Amanda , Carlson Ryan , Spears Nickolas
Published: January 2020

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, costing billions of dollars per year in direct and indirect costs, and its prevalence is projected to increase exponentially over the next 15 years. Additionally, low-income and ethnic minority populations are especially at risk for CVD and CVD-related adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the influence of a 12-hr, evidence-based relationship education (RE) program, Within Our Reach (WOR), on relational distress and satisfaction in participants with and without CVD risk factors. Findings indicated that participants significantly improved in their relationship satisfaction following the RE intervention with the female group improving in their relationship satisfaction at an amount significantly greater than the male group. However, no differences were found between CVD risk factor group and non-CVD risk factor group on their relationship satisfaction either before or after the RE intervention. Clinical implications and future directions for research in this area are also discussed.
Understanding the landscape of scientific software used on high-performance computing platforms
Authors: Grannan A , Sood K , Norris B , Dubey A
Published: January 2020

Scientific discovery increasingly relies on computation through simulations, analytics, and machine and deep learning. Of these, simulations on high-performance computing (HPC) platforms have been the cornerstone of scientific computing for more than two decades. However, the development of simulation software has, in general, occurred through accretion, with a few exceptions. With an increase in scientific understanding, models have become more complex, rendering an accretion mode untenable to the point where software productivity and sustainability have become active concerns in scientific computing. In this survey paper, we examine a modest set of HPC scientific simulation applications that are already using cutting-edge HPC platforms. Several have been in existence for a decade or more. Our objective in this survey is twofold: first, to understand the landscape of scientific computing on HPC platforms in order to distill the currently scattered knowledge about software practices that have helped both developer and software productivity, and second, to understand the kind of tools and methodologies that need attention for continued productivity.
Delay Maturation in Occipital Lobe in Girls With Inattention Subtype of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Chang Tung-Ming , Yang Rei-Cheng , Chiang Ching-Tai , Ouyang Chen-Sen , Wu Rong-Ching , Yu Sebastian , Lin Lung-Chang
Published: January 2020

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder. Differences in the presentations of ADHD between boys and girls have been well established. Three subtypes of ADHD exist. In addition to sex difference, different mechanisms may underlie different subtypes. The present study enrolled 30 girls with the inattentive subtype of ADHD and 30 age-matched controls. Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and instantaneous frequency were used to analyze electroencephalography (EEG) for investigating the brain area and EEG bands involved in girls with inattentive ADHD. We found that the instantaneous frequencies in all EEG channels in girls with ADHD were lower than those in controls. Alpha 2 was the only EEG band that showed significant difference in current density between the ADHD and control groups ( P = .0014). In the entire brain area, the posterior cingulate cortex, cingulate gyrus, and precuneus demonstrated the most significant difference between the ADHD and control groups. Our results suggest that brain maturation delay in the posterior areas might result in the inattention subtype of ADHD. In addition, posterior cingulate cortex, cingulate gyrus, and precuneus may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Our study provides a new approach method and possible mechanism of girls with inattentive subtype ADHD.
The driving factors of the social commerce intention of Saudi Arabia’s online communities
Authors: Al-Tit Ahmad Adnan , Omri Anis , Hadj Tarek Bel
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the driving factors of the social commerce intention of online communities in Saudi Arabia by building a model that comprises two exogenous variables (social support and social commerce constructs (SCCs)), a mediating variable (trust), and one endogenous variable (social commerce intention). The study population comprises Facebook and Twitter users in the kingdom. A convenience sample of 500 social media users was chosen. Data were gathered via a questionnaire-based online survey. Our findings indicate that social support had a significant relationship with trust and social commerce intention. This relationship was significantly mediated by trust. SCCs also had a significant relationship with emotional as well as informational support and social commerce intention. Unexpectedly, the relationship between SCCs and social support dimensions was significantly mediated by trust. Consequently, it was concluded that social support, trust, and SCCs are key drivers of social commerce intention. These results invite social media retailers to consider such factors to increase social media users’ intention to purchase.
Health Care Resource Utilization in Commercially Insured Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Degenerative Cervical Pathology
Authors: Marrache Majd , Harris Andrew B. , Puvanesarajah Varun , Raad Micheal , Hassanzadeh Hamid , Riley Lee H. , Skolasky Richard L. , Bicket Mark , Jain Amit
Published: January 2020

Study Design:

Retrospective review of an administrative database.

Objectives:

The aim of our study was to investigate the distribution of spending for the entire episode of care among nonelderly, commercially insured patients undergoing elective, inpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgeries for degenerative cervical pathology.

Methods:

Using a private insurance claims database, we identified patients who underwent single-level, inpatient ACDF for degenerative spinal disease. Patients were selected using a combination of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes. Entire episode of care was defined as 6-months before (preoperative) to 6 months after (postoperative) the surgical admission.

Results:

In our cohort containing 33 209 patients, perioperative median spending per patient (MSPP) within the year encompassing surgery totaled $37 020 (interquartile range [IQR] $28 363-$49 206), with preoperative, surgical admission, and postoperative spending accounting for 9.8%, 80.7%, and 9.5% of total spending, respectively. Preoperatively, MSPP was $3109 (IQR $1806-$5215), 48% of patients underwent physical therapy, and 31% underwent injections in the 6 months period prior to surgery. Postoperatively, MSPP was $1416 (IQR $398-$3962), and unplanned hospital readmission (6% incidence) accounted for 33% of the overall postoperative spending. Discharge to a nonhome discharge disposition was associated with higher postoperative spending ($14 216) compared with patients discharged home ($1468) and home with home care ($2903), P < .001.

Conclusion:

Understanding the elements and distribution of perioperative spending for the episode of care in patients undergoing ACDF surgery for degenerative conditions is important for health care planning and resource allocation.
High-parametric evaluation of human invariant natural killer T cells to delineate heterogeneity in allo- and autoimmunity
Authors: Erkers Tom , Xie Bryan J. , Kenyon Laura J. , Smith Brian , Rieck Mary , Jensen Kent P. , Ji Xuhuai , Basina Marina , Strober Samuel , Negrin Robert S. , Maecker Holden T. , Meyer Everett H.
Published: January 2020

Human invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a rare innate-like lymphocyte population that recognizes glycolipids presented on CD1d. Studies in mice have shown that these cells are heterogeneous and are capable of enacting diverse functions, and the composition of iNKT cell subsets can alter disease outcomes. In contrast, far less is known about how heterogeneity in human iNKT cells relates to disease. To address this, we used a high-dimensional, data-driven approach to devise a framework for parsing human iNKT heterogeneity. Our data revealed novel and previously described iNKT cell phenotypes with distinct functions. In particular, we found 2 phenotypes of interest: (1) a population with T helper 1 function that was increased with iNKT activation characterized by HLA-II+CD161– expression, and (2) a population with enhanced cytotoxic function characterized by CD4–CD94+ expression. These populations correlate with acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and with new onset type 1 diabetes, respectively. Our study identifies human iNKT cell phenotypes associated with human disease that could aid in the development of biomarkers or therapeutics targeting iNKT cells.
Molecular patterns of response and treatment failure after frontline venetoclax combinations in older patients with AML
Authors: DiNardo C. D. , Tiong I. S. , Quaglieri A. , MacRaild S. , Loghavi S. , Brown F. C. , Thijssen R. , Pomilio G. , Ivey A. , Salmon J. M. , Glytsou C. , Fleming S. A. , Zhang Q. , Ma H. , Patel K. P. , Kornblau S. M. , Xu Z. , Chua C. C. , Chen Xufeng , Blombery P. , Flensburg C. , Cummings N. , Aifantis I. , Kantarjian H. , Huang D. C. S. , Roberts A. W. , Majewski I. J. , Konopleva M. , Wei A. H.
Published: January 2020

The BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax combined with hypomethylating agents or low-dose cytarabine represents an important new therapy for older or unfit patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed 81 patients receiving these venetoclax-based combinations to identify molecular correlates of durable remission, response followed by relapse (adaptive resistance), or refractory disease (primary resistance). High response rates and durable remissions were typically associated with NPM1 or IDH2 mutations, with prolonged molecular remissions prevalent for NPM1 mutations. Primary and adaptive resistance to venetoclax-based combinations was most commonly characterized by acquisition or enrichment of clones activating signaling pathways such as FLT3 or RAS or biallelically perturbing TP53. Single-cell studies highlighted the polyclonal nature of intratumoral resistance mechanisms in some cases. Among cases that were primary refractory, we identified heterogeneous and sometimes divergent interval changes in leukemic clones within a single cycle of therapy, highlighting the dynamic and rapid occurrence of therapeutic selection in AML. In functional studies, FLT3 internal tandem duplication gain or TP53 loss conferred cross-resistance to both venetoclax and cytotoxic-based therapies. Collectively, we highlight molecular determinants of outcome with clinical relevance to patients with AML receiving venetoclax-based combination therapies.