bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WATER QUALITY OF LAKE KATLABUKH
Authors:   SE ", Miedviediev O. ,   Black Sea Center for Water Resources and Soils", Miedviedieva O. ,   Radioenvironmental Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: February 2023

The soil and thermal resources of the Odessa region allow growing a variety of agricultural crops with a yield much higher than currently obtained. But this is possible only when using irrigation. The southwestern part of the region has such a powerful source of water as the Danube River, from which irrigation is carried out and the lakes Cahul, Yalpug, Katlabukh, China and a number of reservoirs are filled. For a number of reasons, after 2000 the actual amount of irrigated land has decreased significantly. Along with this, the quality of water in reservoirs changes, and sometimes they disappear from the map. At the state level, various programs are being adopted to restore irrigation in the southern regions of Ukraine without understanding the presence and hydrochemical composition of the waters of reservoirs. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis of the presence of water bodies and assess their chemical composition. This work is devoted to one of the sources of water supply for the national economy, namely Lake Katlabukh. Lake Katlabukh is used as the main source of irrigation for three state systems - Suvorivskaya, Izmailskaya and Kislytskaya (formerly Kirovskaya) irrigation systems (IS) and small irrigation areas (SIA) on an area of 16.671 hectares. In addition, the Loschinivske, Kaminske, Banivske and Muravlivske reservoirs were additionally filled with lake waters to irrigate 22063 hectares within the limits of the Loschinivske, Tashbunarske, Muravlivske and Banivske IS and the SIA adjacent to them. The aim of the work is to analyze the hydrochemical state and assess the quality of water according to agronomic criteria over a thirty-year period of one of the lakes, the waters of which have been and continue to be used for irrigation. To solve this problem, materials of hydrochemical observations were collected and processed. The main indicators of anionic and cationic composition, mineralization index and pH are summarized and averaged for every five years from 1991 to 2020. Separately, data for 2021 is given. To assess the quality of water according to agronomic criteria, all indicators were calculated according to the latest methodology. The main reasons for the deterioration of water quality have been identified.
The Recovery of Ukraine
Authors: Heyets Valeriy , Blyzniuk Viktoriia , Nykyforuk Olena
Published: February 2023

Ukraine is currently facing enormous humanitarian challenges as a result of the ongoing aggression of the Russian government and its military and financial establishment. This article discusses essential aspects of the societal impacts of this aggression. Our attention is focused on the recovery of the socioeconomic and financial sphere and of human potential. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of Ukraine's implementation of a social quality-based management approach after the end of the war. This may help politicians and citizens to rethink and reconstruct Ukrainian society on the basis of socioeconomic security, social cohesion, social inclusion, and guaranteed societal opportunities, rooted in the societal values of equality and solidarity, social justice, human dignity, and eco-equilibrium. We argue that introducing the concept of social quality, adapted to domestic conditions, into the public administration system of postwar Ukraine would contribute to rethinking the “social contract” so as to gradually find a reasonable balance between two priorities: the simultaneous increase of efforts to systematically eliminate the threats of external aggression and the accelerated restoration of the national socioeconomic space on principles of sustainable, inclusive development.
Postradiosurgery cystic degeneration in brain metastases causing delayed and potentially severe sequelae: systematic review and illustrative cases
Authors: Giantini-Larsen Alexandra , Abou-Mrad Zaki , Goldberg Jacob L. , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Beal Kathryn , Young Robert J. , Rosenblum Marc , Moss Nelson S.
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Cystic postradiation degeneration has previously been described in the literature as a rare but potentially severe complication after central nervous system (CNS) irradiation for vascular malformations. Limited cases have been reported in the setting of brain metastases.

OBSERVATIONS

Thirty-six total cases, including three reported here, of cystic postradiation degeneration are identified. Of 35 cases with complete clinical information, 34 (97.25%) of 35 were symptomatic from cystic changes at diagnosis. The average time between initial radiation dose and cyst development was 7.61 years (range 2–31 years). Although most patients were initially treated conservatively with medication, including steroids, 32 (88.9%) of 36 ultimately required surgical intervention. The most common interventions were craniotomy for cyst fenestration or resection (25 of 36; 69.4%) and Ommaya placement (8 of 36). After intervention, clinical improvement was seen in 10 (67%) of 15 cases, with persistent or worsening deficit or death seen in 5 (33%) of 15. Cysts were decompressed or obliterated on postoperative imaging in 20 (83.3%) of 24 cases, and recurrence was seen in 4 (16.7%) of 24.

LESSONS

Cystic degeneration is a rare and delayed sequela after radiation for brain metastases. This entity has the potential to cause significant and permanent neurological deficit if not properly recognized and addressed. Durable control can be achieved with a variety of surgical treatments, including cyst fenestration and Ommaya placement.
Populacja piekła
Authors: Dulles Avery
Published: February 2023

Jeżeli znalibyśmy Boży scenariusz, w którym właściwie każdy skazany zostaje potępiony, wówczas wiedza taka rodziłaby w nas pokusę popadania w rozpacz. Jeżeli mielibyśmy pewność, że wszyscy, lub prawie wszyscy dostępują zbawienia, wówczas coś takiego mogłoby rodzić w nas postawę arogancji. Jeżeli wiedzielibyśmy, że tylko jakaś część ludzkości, powiedzmy, pięćdziesiąt procent dostępuje zbawienia, wówczas moglibyśmy popaść w niezdrową rywalizację.
Personalizm w teologii. Przyczynek do metody teologicznej
Authors: Barth Grzegorz
Published: February 2023

Zastosowanie metody personalistycznej sprawia, że refleksja teologiczna zyskuje nowe wartości poznawcze i werytatywne. To osoba te wartości syntetyzuje i porządkuje, ponieważ jest jej właściwa wszelka otwartość na byt, poznawczość i twórczość. Osoba stanowi podstawowy wzorzec czynności polegający na przezwyciężeniu opozycji obiectum – subiectum. Dzięki temu udaje się przezwyciężyć w teologii dualizm myśli i rzeczy, rozumu i miłości, łaski i świata doczesnego, natury i historii.
Gottes Kenosis in Schöpfung und Vollendung der Welt
Authors: Moltmann Jürgen
Published: February 2023

Von der Schöpfung über die Versöhnung bis in die Erlösung hinein vertiefen und entfalten sich die Selbsterniedrigungen und Selbstentäußerungen Gottes. Warum? Weil die Schöpfung aus der Liebe Gottes kommt und diese Liebe das eigene Dasein aller Dinge und die Freiheit der menschlichen Geschöpfe respektiert. Eine Liebe, die den geliebten Wesen Raum gibt, Zeit lässt und Freiheit zumutet, ist die Kraft der Liebenden, die sich zurücknehmen können, um die Geliebten wachsen und kommen zu lassen. Darum gehört zur schöpferischen Liebe nicht nur die Selbsthingabe, sondern auch die Selbstbegrenzung, nicht nur die Zuneigung zu, sondern auch der Respekt vor der Eigenart der Anderen.
Mężczyzna i kobieta obrazem Boga. Płeć a obraz Boży w człowieku
Authors: Kunka Sławomir
Published: February 2023

Dzięki różnicy płci człowiek, mężczyzna i kobieta, ma możliwość realizowania obrazu Boga, który jest Trójjedyny. Nawet czysto intelektualne neutralizowanie różnicy między płciami jest niepotrzebne, bo nie przyczynia się ani do zachowania równouprawnienia kobiet, ani tym bardziej do tłumaczenia stosunku między naturą człowieka a faktem Bożego obrazu w człowieku. Podkreślanie jedności w różnorodności, charakteryzującej człowieka jako mężczyznę i kobietę, ma walor pedagogiczny i służy przyswojeniu klucza interpretacyjnego całego stworzonego przez Trójjedynego Boga świata. Właściwą przestrzenią realizowania się rzeczywistości Bożego obrazu jest wzajemne oddziaływanie na siebie mężczyzny i kobiety. Każdy człowiek jest także obrazem Boga dla drugiego (por. Mt 25,40), mężczyzna dla kobiety i kobieta dla mężczyzny.
Zarys personalizmu integralnego Wincentego Granata
Authors: Kosche Michał
Published: February 2023

Człowiek od dawna próbował rozumieć siebie samego oraz otaczający go świat. Historia ludzkiej myśli obfituje w wielu uczonych, którzy przy użyciu rozmaitych systemów filozoficznych, etycznych, społecznych czy religijnych, a w czasach najnowszych także za pomocą wysoko rozwiniętej aparatury technicznej, próbowali i próbują wyjaśnić fenomen człowieka. Na tym tle niezwykle interesująca jawi się droga personalistyczna. Stara się ona wyjaśnić istotę bycia człowiekiem za pomocą kategorii ściśle związanych z tym, co prawdziwie ludzkie: z jego doświadczeniem; z jego egzystencją; z relacjami, w których żyje i działa. Współczesna polska myśl antropologiczna posiada co najmniej kilku wybitnych przedstawicieli tego prądu. Jednym z nich był znakomity lubelski personalista i teolog Wincenty Granat.
Kościół świętych - Kościół grzeszników według Josepha Ratzingera − Benedykta XVI
Authors: Góźdź Krzysztof
Published: February 2023

Trzeba wyraźnie rozróżnić Kościół święty, czyli wolę Bożą i orędzie Boga, i Kościół grzeszników jako słabość człowieka. Kościół święty stara się orędzie Boga przekazać światu.
Sakrament pokuty i pojednania. Kryzys współczesny i kryzys doktrynalny
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: February 2023

Sakrament pokuty i pojednania – spowiedź – stał się w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach przedmiotem rozmaitych interpretacji teologicznych, które wpłynęły na jego praktykowanie. Niejednokrotnie proponowane interpretacje przyczyniły się do wywołania rozmaitych sytuacji kryzysowych w jego praktykowaniu albo przynajmniej wzbudzają podejrzliwość w stosunku do niego. Sytuacja domaga się ponownego przemyślenia niektórych aspektów teologii sakramentu pokuty i pojednania. Wydaje się, że utrwalona doktryna kościelna w tej materii sugeruje potrzebę przemyślenia zwłaszcza trzech kwestii: jaka jest specyficzna łaska sakramentu spowiedzi, na czym polega upodobnienie do Chrystusa, którego ten sakrament dokonuje, oraz w czym wyraża się jego właściwa eklezjalność. Na te trzy kwestie zostaje zwrócona uwaga w niniejszym artykule, przy bezpośrednim odniesieniu się do wspomnianych przejawów kryzysu w dziedzinie pokuty sakramentalnej.
Problem obecności i teologii języka łacińskiego w liturgii rzymskiej pięćdziesiąt lat po II Soborze Watykańskim
Authors: Beyga Paweł
Published: February 2023

W świadomości wielu wiernych łacina jako język liturgiczny należy już do przeszłości. Jednakże ostatni sobór podtrzymał używanie tego języka w celebracji katolickiej Mszy św. Nie tylko liturgika, lecz także dogmatyka powinna podjąć problematykę związaną z używaniem łaciny w czasie sprawowania Eucharystii. Jednym z powodów podjęcia tego tematu jest niedawna pięćdziesiąta rocznica zakończenia II Soboru Watykańskiego.
Pacyfizm oczami chrześcijan. Przyczynek do badań nad rolą religii w procesach tworzenia bezpieczeństwa
Authors: Smuniewski Cezary
Published: February 2023

Kościół, przyjmując paschalny dar pokoju, niesie go w kolejnych pokoleniach wierzących, jednocześnie odcinając się od ideologii pacyfistycznych. W głoszeniu Ewangelii zaś nie obawia się on posługiwać słownictwem militarnej proweniencji. Wolność, którą przynosi Chrystus, może być fundamentem dla wolności poszczególnych narodów i państw. Wypowiedzi teologów o antropologiach fundujących pacyfizmy to obok opinii filozofów, historyków i politologów ważny głos mogący się przyczynić do tworzenia bezpieczeństwa tak narodowego, jak i międzynarodowego.
Znaczenie pojęcia duszy dla rozwoju twierdzeń eschatologicznych. Dogmatyczne implikacje reformy liturgicznej Vaticanum II w świetle nauczania J. Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI
Authors: Trojnar Wiktor
Published: February 2023

W ciągu ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat we współczesnej refleksji teologicznej zrodził się kryzys pojęcia duszy, który wyraźnie wpłynął na kształt rzymskiej liturgii. Rezygnacja z terminu traktowanego dotąd przez chrześcijańską antropologię jako składnik, na którym opiera się nieśmiertelność, doprowadziła w konsekwencji do zmiany obrazu człowieka i jego ostatecznego przeznaczenia. W odpowiedzi J. Ratzinger/Benedykt XVI, odwołując się do tradycji liturgicznej, uznał pojęcie ludzkiej duszy za kluczowe w wyjaśnianiu prawd eschatologicznych. Jednocześnie wskazał na przyczyny kryzysu pojęcia duszy i dostrzegł płynące z niego zagrożenia dla chrześcijańskiej wiary.
"Analogia entis" Ericha Przywary jako model myślenia katolickiego w postmodernistycznej rzeczywistości
Authors: Raczyński-Rożek Maciej
Published: February 2023

Współczesny katolik porusza się w szeroko pojętej kulturze postmodernistycznej, która już w swoich założeniach nie da się pogodzić z myśleniem katolickim, zwłaszcza ze względu na negację istnienia prawdy obiektywnej. Musi on więc zadbać sam o swoją wizję rzeczywistości. Erich Przywara przedstawia światopogląd, który może być odpowiedzią na to zapotrzebowanie. Z jednej strony jest on bowiem głęboko osadzony w tradycji katolickiej, a z drugiej strony otwarty na myślenie współczesne. Uwzględnienie historyczności podmiotu i przedmiotu sprawiło, że analogia entis Przywary nie zamyka się w jakimś statycznym systemie, ale jest dynamicznym ujęciem, które pozwala wchodzić w dialog lub polemikę z gorącymi kwestiami bieżącymi.
Історія зарубіжної літератури: Середньовіччя – XVIII століття : навчальний посібник
Authors: Яременко Н. В. , Коломієць Н. Є.
Published: February 2023

Посібник містить матеріали для організації навчального процесу студентів спеціальності 014.01 Середня освіта (Українська мова і література). У ньому виокремлено п’ять змістових модулів (відповідно до програми курсу), де висвітлено особливості розгортання мистецького процесу європейських країн Середньовіччя - XVIII століть. У книзі подано теоретичні матеріали, які відображають специфіку розвитку літератури Середньовіччя, барокової літератури; зосереджено увагу на особливостях класицистичної художньої парадигми; окреслено форми реалізації естетичних концептів епохи Просвітництва. Видання вміщує матеріали для практичних, семінарських занять, організації самостійної роботи студентів.
Best Practices in Disaster Public Communications: Evacuation Alerting and Social Media
Authors:   San Jose State University, Edwards Frannie , Liu Kaikai ,   San Jose State University, Hughes Amanda Lee ,   Brigham Young University, Gao Jerry Zeyu ,   San Jose State University, Goodrich Dan ,   Mineta Transportation Institute, Barner Alan ,   Mineta Transportation Institute, Herrera Robert ,   Mineta Transportation Institute
Published: February 2023

This research project examines the current state of the practice for disaster public communication, the distrust of government, the training available to public information officers, and the literature available to guide the design of effective public outreach messaging, especially for rapid on-set events. Growing distrust in government had led to lack of public confidence in public agency messaging during emergencies, yet public agency public information officers are using multiple pathways, including both traditional and social media resources, to try to reach impacted communities effectively. The introduction explains the development of wildfire events in the West and their context. A literature review displays the sociological and political research that guides the development of public outreach, warning and evacuation. The findings display the SCU Complex Fire and CZU Complex Fire of 2020 as case studies of outreach efforts during rapid onset wildfire events and explains techniques of data scraping that could enhance public messaging. The analysis categorizes a variety of best practices in disaster communications. The project concludes with a white paper outlining a pathway toward creating a cell phone app that would provide event, time and location specific information about a disaster event, using official sources and social media.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF MIXED PROPYLENE GLYCOL DIESTERS OF SYNTHETIC PETROLEUM- AND FATTY ACIDS
Authors: N.F. Sadiyeva N.F. Sadiyeva , S.A. Iskenderova S.A. Iskenderova , Y.P. Cherepnova Y.P. Cherepnova , L.M. Afandiyeva L.M. Afandiyeva , S.G. Aliyeva S.G. Aliyeva
Published: February 2023

The article presents a one-stage method for the synthesis of mixed diesters based on propylene glycol, synthetic petroleum- and aliphatic fatty acids (C6-C8) using a ZnO catalyst under optimal conditions - temperature -110-120°C, amount of catalyst - 1.3% wt. (by acid), molar ratio of components - acid:alcohol - 2:1.3. The properties of the synthesized mixed diesters were studied and their parameters were determined by analytical and spectral methods. In order to determine the plasticizing properties of the mixed diesters, compositions were prepared under laboratory conditions with the addition 100 m.p. of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for 30-70 m.p. of synthesized diesters and compared them with an industrial plasticizer - dioctyl phthalate. Also, these diesters have been studied as antioxidants that improve the thermal-oxidative stability of diesel fuel. An analysis of the research results shows that the synthesized mixed diesters can be proposed as effective plasticizers for PVC and new antioxidants for diesel fuels.
Keywords: propylene glycol, synthetic petroleum acids, mixed diesters, diesel fuel, antioxidant, polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer
Więzienne matki. Pomiędzy zachowaniem przywiązaniowym a transmisją międzypokoleniową
Authors: Arczewska Magdalena
Published: February 2023

According to the Polish law, pregnancy is not an attenuating circumstance, which is why children have been and will be present behind prison walls. The law on criminal sanctions provides that in order to enable imprisoned mothers to deliver continuous and direct care to their children, designated penitentiaries must have mother and child centres where, as approved by a guardianship court, children may stay with their mothers until they reach three years of age, unless, because of educational or health concerns as confirmed by a physician or a psychologist in the relevant opinion, the child should be separated from his or her mother or the period should be extended or shortened. In Poland, there are two such facilities: in Krzywaniec and Grudziądz. Before a female inmate can be sent to a mother and child centre, she must be admitted to Penitentiary No. 1 in Grudziądz, which is the only facility in Poland that includes a gynaecology and obstetrics ward inside prison walls. Since 1949, several thousand children have been born there. The aim of this article is to analyse the results of the studies carried out by the author in Grudziądz in October 2019 as part of her research project ‘Motherhood of female inmates. Developing bonds with children by women serving prison sentences’. Among others, the project analysed the impact of isolation experienced by inmate mothers on the bond with the child and the prevalence of intergenerational transmission.
Polish penal policy – Twenty Years after Enactment of the Criminal Code Act of 6 June 1997
Authors: Witkowska-Rozpara Katarzyna
Published: February 2023

On 6 June 2017, 20 years passed from enactment of the Polish Criminal Code which is now in force. The purpose of the 1997 Code was to reform penal policy in order to mitigate several adverse phenomena which spread under the regime of the 1969 Criminal Code. This article is an analysis of the statistical picture of the Polish penal policy, based mainly on statistical data concerning adults convicted (for the main offence) and confirmed offences in 1999–2018. The author presents and evaluates the structure of penalties adjudicated in Poland taking into consideration the intent of the authors of the 1997 Criminal Code to noticeably increase the share of non-custodial penalties in the number of all penalties, with particular consideration given to fines as the main form of response to perpetrators of minor (and sometimes medium) offences and the penalty of restriction of freedom – as an element supporting the implementation of a reasonable penal policy as a non-custodial alternative to a fine in certain situations.
Efektywność środków izolacyjnych orzekanych wobec nieletnich
Authors: Włodarczyk-Madejska Justyna
Published: February 2023

The article presents the results of analyses devoted to the effectiveness of measures involving isolation applied in case of juveniles: placement in a youth educational centre or in a youth correctional institution. Analyses in this area were carried out using information from two data sources. The first of them was a case file study: 370 cases relating to 397 juveniles, in which the courts validly adjudicated one of the above measures in 2014. The second data source was enquiries about criminal record obtained in 2019 from the National Criminal Register. The gathered material enabled checking how many juveniles returned to crime after five years, who those juveniles were, in what environments they had been brought up, what crimes they committed, for what crimes they were sentenced in adulthood and to what punishment, and how they differed from persons who desisted from crime before reaching adulthood. The article also presents the problems related to measuring the effectiveness of measures applied in case of juveniles.
O pojęciu sztucznej inteligencji i możliwościach jej zastosowania w postępowaniu cywilnym
Authors: Płocha Ewa
Published: February 2023

The article presents the issues related to the notion of ‘artificial intelligence’ and the possibilities of its application in civil proceedings. The author discusses the main definitions of artificial intelligence presented so far, as well as types of AI. She also refers to technical aspects of artificial intelligence to then determine in which areas of civil proceedings it may be used in particular. At the same time, the author draws attention to the risks connected with it and the requirements and standards which have to meet if AI is to serve the participants of civil proceedings.
Ist das Hautfarbe?
Authors: Stärck Alexander
Published: February 2023

„Ist das Hautfarbe?“ Schon junge Kinder nutzen Unterschiede als Basis vorurteilsvoller Gedanken, die sich in diskriminierenden Handlungen äußern. Der Autor besuchte für die Studie Kitas, in denen pädagogische Maßnahmen gegen Vorurteile und Diskriminierung zum Einsatz kommen. Doch wie wirkt die Prävention? Die Studie wertet videographierte Alltagssituationen sowie Gruppengespräche dokumentarisch aus und liefert damit Fachpraxis und Wissenschaft eine Grundlage zur weiteren Auseinandersetzung mit dem gesellschaftlich relevanten Thema.
Structure-Preserving Model Order Reduction of second-order systems using Iterative Rational Krylov Algorithm
Authors: Rahman Motlubar , Andallah L. S. , Uddin Monir , Uddin Mahtab
Published: February 2023

In this work, we are going to discuss the Structure-Preserving Model Order Reduction (SPMOR) techniques of second-order linear time-invariant (LTI) continuous-time systems using the Iterative Rational Krylov Algorithm (IRKA). IRKA is well established for the first-order standard and/or generalized systems. Recently, the idea of this model reduction technique is generalized for second-order systems by converting the system into a first-order form. In this case, one can’t return back to the original second-order system since the structure of the system is already demolished. Sometimes preservation of second-order structure is essential to perform the further simulations of the system. Also, Structure-preserving MOR allows meaningful physical interpretation and provides a more accurate approximation to the full model. We mainly focus on the SPMOR of the second-order systems using IRKA without converting the system into first-order forms. We have applied and numerically investigated the applicability and efﬁciency of the proposed techniques to some practical data derived from real-world models.
Report “on the military warfare of the task group in kazakhstan in march, april and may 1930"as a historical source
Authors:   Zhezkazgan University named after O.A. Baikonurov, Allaniyazov T.
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the "Report on the military warfare of the task group in Kazakhstan in March, April and May 1930" which has been deposited in the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (APRK). The document refers to the middle of 1930 and directly relates to the events that took place in the Kustanai and Kyzylorda districts of Kazakhstan - the armed uprisings of the Kazakh sharua (peasants) against the policy of agricultural campaigns and forced collectivization. The goals and objectives of the study include, first of all, understanding the significance of the source chosen by the author for enriching ideas about the processes and phenomena that took place in Soviet Kazakhstan in the late 1920s and early 1930s. In addition, the conditions for generating the "Report ..." are identified, which characterizes the cause-and-effect relationships of the emergence and development of armed uprisings on the territory of the Kustanai and Kyzyl-Orda districts. The source materials demonstrate the level of knowledge of its authors about the background of the events and their orientation allowing a comprehensive and objective assessment and determination of the activities of specific units and subdivisions of the Red Army, divisions of the VOGPU, their place and role in suppressing armed uprisings on the territory of the Kustanai and Kzyl-Orda districts.
The essence of ecotourism and the problems of its development in Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhunusova A. , Ayapbekova A. , Kurmankulova N.
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the essence of ecotourism and the analysis of the economic, social and environmental consequences of the development of ecotourism in modern conditions. The research methodology is based on the application of general scientific methods of cognition such as analysis, synthesis and generalization. The information base of the study was made up of scientific publications on the topic of ecotourism, published in foreign peer-reviewed journals, as well as data from international organizations and statistical bodies. The article outlines measures aimed at reducing negative impacts and increasing economic benefits from ecotourism. The problems of development of ecotourism in Kazakhstan are identified and recommendations are given for their elimination, the implementation of which can help increase the potential of Kazakhstan in the development of ecotourism. The results of the study can be used in the preparation of lecture materials in the relevant discipline, and can also serve as a starting point for more in-depth research.
Micro level of economic coordination processes
Authors: Parinov S. I.
Published: February 2023

Economic agents (humans) exchange information and thus can consider each other’s activities. This allows them to coordinate their activities. This study identifies three basic forms of coordination, depending on the communication options between agents: 1) the contractual form, which is possible with direct communications between agents; 2) the stigmergy, possible with indirect communications; 3) the common rules­based action form, possible in the absence of communications. The presentation of the observed processes of economic coordination as various combinations of these three basic forms corresponds to their description at micro level. Such a micro level representation has signs of a fundamental one, since the proposed three basic forms of coordination fully reflect the diversity of a person’s natural abilities to consider the activities of other people. As an illustration, a description of the known methods of economic coordination (market, hierarchical and network) is presented as combinations of basic forms of coordination. Within the framework of this micro level approach, the features of economic activity are analyzed, which determine the structure and main characteristics of the system of economic coordination processes. The analysis showed that, at the micro level, the processes of economic coordination are a complex hybrid of the three basic forms of coordination. This approach creates a unified methodological basis for the analysis of diverse methods of coordination used in the economy. The results obtained allow one to explore directions for improving coordination processes in the economy.
Police crime in 1947 in the coverage of the Ukrainian SSR state security agencies
Authors: Yarmysh O. N. , Grechenko V. A.
Published: February 2023

One of the least researched issues in historical and legal science, such as crime in one of the main law enforcement agencies of police, which operated on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR, has been covered. Instead of counteracting, some police officers organized crimes and participated in them personally. The involvement of police officers in various criminal and official crimes has been revealed: treason during the Soviet-German war, robbery, bribery, extortion, assistance to criminals, official negligence. Materials collected by the employees of the Ministry of State Security regarding some negative aspects of the police officers activities during 1947 testify to significant abuses and violations of the law. It has been established that a certain part of the policemen were traitors during the war, worked with the occupation authorities and took part in repressions against members of the Resistance movement and ordinary people. This problem was acute at that time, because only 2 years had passed since the end of the war, and the state security authorities continued to work on identifying and detaining these persons, who were also among the police officers. The problem of bribery in the police is the second in number of facts. It was widespread, as in the previous periods, among the employees of passport offices, traffic police, district police officers, who collected “tribute” from traders in the markets, having established a certain system of extortion, prices and appointed “senior” to collect bribes. There were even more odious cases when a whole group of policemen engaged in robbery, taking products and things from local villagers, while trying to disguise themselves as Banderites (copying the work methods of the KGB agents). Drunkenness was also quite common among police officers, which led to abuse, merging with criminal elements, and connivance with lawbreakers. It has been emphasized that that was not the main aspect of the police activity that time. The majority of police officers faithfully fulfilled their duty to protect the law and combat crime. The stated facts are based on the materials of the Branch State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine, which have not been published before. Most of the given materials concern Kyiv, obviously, the capital’s KGB agents worked better than their colleagues from the periphery. Also, the document quite often does not indicate what measures were applied to the specified violators of the law and what was their further fate.
ОКРЕМІ АСПЕКТИ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Мельниченко А. А. , Варжанський І. В.
Published: February 2023

У статті автори звертають увагу на значущість здійснення раціональної, активної і, водночас, науково обґрунтованої інформаційної політики в умовах воєнного стану. Особливий акцент зроблений авторами на проблемах дотримання прав людини в умовах здійснення деструктивних інформаційних впливів. Використовуючи результати соціологічних опитувань, проведених провідними соціологічними компаніями, автори доводять результативність інформаційних впливів на громадян, що виражається в показниках динаміки громадської думки. У статті автори намагаються підійти до вирішення дилеми між морально-правовим статусом дій держави при реалізації інформаційної політики та потребами безпеки держави і її громадян. При здійсненні дослідження авторами використовується системний підхід, який дозволяє врахувати морально-етичні, правові, управлінські і, врешті-решт, психологічно-емоційні аспекти реалізації державної інформаційної політики в умовах воєнного стану. У статті розглядаються актуальні приклади інформаційно-психологічних операцій, які мали місце під час гібридної агресії РФ в Україні з 2014 року та повномасштабної війни з 2022 року. Проведено аналіз ефективності операцій та їх прийнятності з точки зору нормативно-правового регулювання. Окремо розглядаються можливі підходи до оцінки гуманітарного аспекту інформаційних кампаній. Наведено класифікацію інформаційних заходів, зокрема розподіл на «наступальні» та «оборонні», «тактичні» та «стратегічні» інформаційні операції. Приділяється увага порівнянню окремих аспектів вітчизняної та іноземної державної інформаційної політики в умовах війни. Сформульовані пропозиції для підвищення ефективності проведення інформаційних операцій в рамках етичних обмежень, які встановлені міжнародним правом. В роботі аргументовано доведено, що одним з найгуманніших засобів реалізації державної інформаційної політики у воєнний час є здійснення захисних профілактичних заходів, направлених на зростання та зміцнення патріотичних настроїв у суспільстві.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ У СОЦІАЛЬНО-ГУМАНІТАРНІЙ СФЕРІ ЩОДО ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я СЕРЕД СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ
Authors: Рибчич І. Є.
Published: February 2023

У статті дослідженою що індивідуальне здоров’я є соціально значущим феноменом, за рівнем і станом якого судять про благополуччя суспільства. Сьогодні дедалі очевидніше простежується тривожна тенденція у реалізації державної політики у соціально-гуманітарній сфері щодо погіршення стану здоров’я студентської молоді, а також дорослого населення. Значна кількість студентської молоді мають відхилення у стані фізичного та психічного здоров’я, багато студентів потребують стаціонарного лікування, а також викладачі мають хронічні захворювання. Погіршення стану здоров’я відбувається на фоні низької рухової активності, гіподинамія серед студентської молоді на сучасному етапі в Україні досягла великого значення. Доведено, що головним джерелом збереження та зміцнення ресурсів індивідуального здоров’я є систематична рухова активність протягом усього життя. Збільшення поширення серед студентської молоді куріння, вживання алкоголю та наркотиків, захоплення комп’ютерними іграми, недостатня рухова активність свідчать про низький рівень культури здоров’я, а також неефективність існуючих форм фізичного виховання. Саме фізичне виховання в закладах вищої освіти у форматі реалізації державної політики в соціально-гуманітарній сфері покликані формувати потребу студентства в збереженні здоров’я, систематичних заняттях фізичною культурою та масовим спортом. З’ясовано, що при вирішенні завдань, пов’язаних із формуванням культури здоров’я особистості на різних етапах вікового розвитку, є доцільним звернення до системи фізичного виховання, що охоплює різні заклади вищої освіти, в межах яких можна вирішувати завдання навчання, виховання та розвитку студентської молоді, дорослого населення в аспекті залучення їх до здорового способу життя, формування мотивації здоров’я, навчання навичок фізкультурно-оздоровчої діяльності. Сьогодні утверджується соціальний феномен, котрий виражається у зацікавленості студентської молоді в збереженні здоров’я як основи активного довголіття, матеріального благополуччя, успіхів у професійній діяльності. Усвідомлено, що сьогодні існують протиріччя між провідними цінностями здорового способу життя і відсутністю вмотивованої потреби більшості населення у систематичних заняттях фізичною культурою та масовим спортом, невідповідність проголошуваних цілей фізичного виховання та реальних можливостей їх здійснення для студентської молоді та необхідність комплексного формування здорового способу життя. Незважаючи на те, що з кожним роком все більше людей відвідують оздоровчі центри, систематичні заняття фізичною культурою та масовим спортом серед студентської молоді ще не набули ознак стійкої та цілісної системи, що має стати головним завданням для формування та реалізації державної політики у соціально-гуманітарній сфері.
Field validation of the performance of paper-based tests for the detection of the Zika and chikungunya viruses in serum samples
Authors: Karlikow Margot , da
Silva Severino Jefferson Ribeiro , Guo Yuxiu , Cicek Seray , Krokovsky Larissa , Homme Paige , Xiong Yilin , Xu Talia , Calderón-Peláez María-Angélica , Camacho-Ortega Sigrid J. , Ma Duo , Magalhães Jurandy Júnior Ferraz de , Souza Bárbara Nayane Rosário Fernandes , Cabral Diego Guerra de Albuquerque , Jaenes Katariina , Sutyrina Polina , Ferrante Tom , Benitez Andrea Denisse , Nipaz Victoria , Ponce Patricio , Rackus Darius , Collins James J. , Paiva Marcelo , E. Castellanos Jaime , Cevallos Varsovia , Green Alexander A. , Ayres Constância , Pena Lindomar , Pardee Keith
Published: February 2023

In low-resource settings, resilience to infectious disease outbreaks can be hindered by limited access to diagnostic tests. Here we report the results of double-blinded studies of the performance of paper-based diagnostic tests for the Zika and chikungunya viruses in a field setting in Latin America. The tests involved a cell-free expression system relying on isothermal amplification and toehold-switch reactions, a purpose-built portable reader and onboard software for computer vision-enabled image analysis. In patients suspected of infection, the accuracies and sensitivities of the tests for the Zika and chikungunya viruses were, respectively, 98.5% (95% confidence interval, 96.2-99.6%, 268 serum samples) and 98.5% (95% confidence interval, 91.7-100%, 65 serum samples) and approximately 2 aM and 5 fM (both concentrations are within clinically relevant ranges). The analytical specificities and sensitivities of the tests for cultured samples of the viruses were equivalent to those of the real-time quantitative PCR. Cell-free synthetic biology tools and companion hardware can provide de-centralized, high-capacity and low-cost diagnostics for use in low-resource settings.

Double-blinded studies show that paper-based diagnostic tests and a companion portable device designed for use in low-resource settings perform well for the diagnosis of the Zika and chikungunya viruses in serum samples.
A posztgraduális gyakornokok tisztességes díjazásához való joga – a 150/2019 ECSR panaszeljárási határozat tükrében
Authors: Hajdú József
Published: February 2023

A fizetetlen posztgraduális gyakornoki foglalkoztatás jogellenes. Éppen ezért a Szociális Jogok Európai Bizottságának 150/2019 sz. döntése megtiltja ezt a gyakorlatot a kollektív panaszeljárásban érintett Belgiumban, de hatása kiterjed egész Európára. A kollektív panaszeljárást az European Youth Forum kezdeményezte annak érdekében, hogy a posztgraduális gyakornoki programban résztvevő fiatalok számára – függetlenül társadalmi és anyagi lehetőségeiktől – biztosítsa a fizetett gyakornoki munkavégzést. A panasz előterjesztésekor az EU-s tagállamok közül Belgiumban volt a legmagasabb a fizetetlen posztgraduális gyakornokok száma. Az Eurobarometer tanulmánya szerint minden öt gyakornokból csak egy kapott fizetést 2015-ben.
Structural Performance of Topologically Interlocked Flat Vaults According to Joint Details
Authors: Kurucu Aybala Tuba , İlerisoy Zeynep Yeşim
Published: February 2023

Although the notion of topological interlocking (TI) is not new, today's environment of parametric design tools encourages architects and engineers to reconsider the potential of TI systems and alternative geometries for TI blocks. This paper aims to generate alternatives for TI blocks by increasing the contact surface area of interlocking using X-joints to demonstrate the relationship between contact surface incrementation and structural performance of slab-like TI assemblies. A case study is presented in which two flat vaults with dimensions of 50 × 50 cm were designed using truncated octahedra and a new geometry based on X-joints added to the truncated octahedra. Each flat vault was subjected to a finite element analysis using SimScale to compare structural performances using displacement and von Mises stress maps. According to the findings, there was a 74.7% improvement in displacement and 76.8% reduction in von Mises stresses. Another analysis was conducted over a seven-element system by applying force to the centre element to measure the results on a single element. Results indicated a 41.7% improvement in displacement and a 39% reduction in von Mises stresses. The improved structural performance was demonstrated through these two-stage evaluations.
Efficacy of Retrobulbar Filler Injections for Correcting Enophthalmos Associated with Phthisis Bulbi or Anophthalmos
Authors: Han Sol Ah , Yang Min Kyu , Choi Yeong A , Sa Ho-Seok
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To describe the clinical outcome of retrobulbar injection of synthetic fillers to correct enophthalmos associated with phthisis bulbi or anophthalmos.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent enophthalmos correction using retrobulbar filler injections at Asan Medical Center between January 2015 and October 2019, and who were followed for at least 6 months. We evaluated the number of injections and amount of filler injected, improvement in enophthalmos, interval between injections, and adverse effects of filler injection.Results: The study enrolled five patients (four females and one male). Two patients had anophthalmos after evisceration and three had phthisis bulbi. Two patients received hyaluronic acid (HA) filler only, one had collagen-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) filler only, and two had both fillers. The HA and collagen-PMMA filler volumes per injection were 1.0–1.4 and 0.75–1.0 mL, respectively. The average degree of enophthalmos, compared to the contralateral eye, was 1.8 mm; the amount of enophthalmos correction per 1 mL of filler injection was 1.5 mm for HA filler and 1.4 mm for collagen-PMMA filler. The longest duration of enophthalmos correction was 15 months for HA filler and 25 months for collagen-PMMA filler. There were no significant adverse effects, but anterior migration of HA filler was observed in one case that resolved with hyaluronidase injection.Conclusions: Retrobulbar filler injection is a safe, effective, minimally invasive procedure for correcting enophthalmos in patients with anophthalmos or phthisis bulbi. If HA filler injection shows good outcomes without adverse effects, semi-permanent fillers can be used for long-term maintenance of enophthalmos correction. Further studies with more patients and long-term follow-up are needed to compare the effectiveness of various fillers.
Effect of Double-needle Stabilizer during Flanged Intrascleral Fixation of Intraocular Lens
Authors: Park Joon Young , Moon Jong Won
Published: February 2023

Purpose: We evaluated the difference in clinical outcome according to the use of double-needle stabilizer in flanged intrascleral fixation of intraocular lens (IOL).Method: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 44 patients (44 eyes) who underwent flanged intrascleral fixation of IOL. Groups 1 and 2 (respectively) underwent surgery that did not and did employ a double-needle stabilizer. We evaluated the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, spherical equivalent (SE), refractive prediction error (RPE), IOL tilt and decentration, and other complications.Results: The postoperative BCVA, SE, and RPE did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.672, p = 0.131, p = 0.247). IOL tilt was significantly less in group 2 than in group 1 (p = 0.038, p = 0.015 [horizontal and vertical]) (3.96 ± 2.01° horizontally and 4.17 ± 2.07° vertically in group 1; 2.59 ± 2.02° horizontally and 2.50 ± 1.92° vertically in group 2). IOL decentration was also significantly less in group 2 than in group 1 (p = 0.001, p = 0.004 [horizontal and vertical]) (0.44 ± 0.21 mm horizontally and 0.45 ± 0.20 mm vertically in group 1; 0.25 ± 0.09 mm horizontally and 0.27 ± 0.13 mm vertically in group 2).Conclusions: Use of a double-needle stabilizer during flanged intrascleral fixation of IOL significantly reduced postoperative IOL tilt and decentration, and may thus improve postoperative visual quality.
Video-recording the Eyedrop Instillation Techniques of Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Cho Young Ri , Lee Tae Eun
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To analyze eye drop instillation by glaucoma patients using video-recording.Methods: Glaucoma patients who had applied eye drops to both eyes for more than 1 month were enrolled. Patients who did not self-instill eye drops, those with best-corrected visual acuities of 0.01 or less, and patients requiring glaucoma surgery, were excluded. The patients were requested to instill their eye drops as usual, and this was video-recorded. Patients completed questionnaires exploring their usual instillation methods and the videos were viewed. The correctness of instillation (10 steps) was evaluated. We used the survey and imaging data to explore whether each step was performed correctly, and whether the patients were conscious of their instillation behaviors. We explored whether the survey responses and the video data were consistent.Results: Fifty-four patients were enrolled. Of the 10 steps, washing hands before instillation (9.3%), blocking the tear duct (9.3%), gently shaking the bottle (11.1%), and wiping away excessive eye drops with tissue (11.1%) were the steps that were most commonly poorly performed (as revealed by the videos). The mismatches between the survey and actual performances were greatest in the following order: Wiping away excessive eye drops with tissue (66.7%), delivering a single drop accurately into the eye (59.3%), and closing the eye to allow of absorption (57.4%).Conclusions: Great proportion of glaucoma patients instill eye drops incorrectly revealed by video recording. Careful education on how to instill eye drops is required. It may be difficult to detect problems regarding eye drop instillation only by asking questions.
Conjunctival Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Kim Young-Eun , Jang Kyu Yun , You In Cheon
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To report a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the conjunctival fornix.Case summary: A 49-year-old man visited our clinic with redness and foreign body sensation in the right inferior conjunctival fornix that had begun 20 days previously. The patient had no pain, no fever, weight loss, and no past history of chronic disease. On slit lamp biomicroscopic examination, a large, salmon-colored, raised, well-defined, mass was detected in the inferior bulbar and fornix conjunctiva. We performed excision biopsy. The soft tissue lesion was 17 × 5 × 4 mm in size. Microscopic examination identified an area of small, mature mononuclear lymphocytes and an area of lymphocytes, such as large lymphoblasts with divided nuclei and conspicuous nucleoli. On immunohistochemical staining, the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma areas were positive for CD20 and Bcl-6, negative for CD3, CD5, and CD23, and the Ki-67 positive rate was relatively high. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma accompanying mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. There were no findings suggestive of metastasis invasion from other organs. The patient underwent immunochemotherapy after excisional biopsy. No recurrence has occurred over 1-year follow-up.Conclusions: Although rare, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of conjunctival lymphomatous lesions.