bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morpho-arrangement study of the anthropogenic landform for potential exposure of tsunami hazard identification in parangtritis, yogyakarta
Authors: Mardiatno D , Malawani M N , Iswari M Y , Listyaningrum N , Hafizah K N
Published: November 2022

This research was conducted in the tsunami prone area of Parangtritis, Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study is to classify and analyse the distribution of anthropogenic landforms, as preliminary information to identify the potential exposure to tsunami. The method used in this research is descriptive-comparative, i.e. by comparing the variations of anthropogenic landforms typology within the present management zones (core, restricted, supporting zone). For each zone, the type of human intervention were identified with regard to the following classification: industrogenic, urbanogenic, traffic, agrogenic, water management, tourism, and sports. The anthropogenic landforms are then classified into excavation, planation, and accumulation types. The results of the study were presented in the form of tables and maps of anthropogenic landforms in each management zone. Assessment of the level of exposure to tsunami hazard is carried out qualitatively for each anthropogenic landform in the different management zones. This research revealed that type of intervention in each management zone are varied. The supporting zone and restricted zone have the most complex interventions, i.e. industrogenic, urbanogenic, traffic, water management, tourism, and sports. The excavation, planation, and accumulation forms are very diverse, depend on the people activities in each management zone. A particular human activity in the study area has a certain level of exposure to tsunami hazard. It is necessary to consider for reducing the specific risk to tsunami.
Integration of linear and non-linear regression for estimating land value
Authors: Sugito N T , Abidin H Z , Soemarto I , Hendriatiningsih S
Published: November 2022

Land valuation is one aspect of the cadastral system that is integrated with land use and land tenure. Land can be valued on the basis of the benefits that can be given. High and low land values are influenced by many factors, including economic, social, government, and physical factors. Based on factors that can determine the value of the land, it is known that the use of land (zoning) can also affect the formation of land values. The statistical analysis of a good land value model must take into account the effect of the location (X, Y) of the land parcels with the variable determining the land value comprehensively plus the city service center variable. The estimation model of land values resulting from the integration of linear regression and non-linear regression can be used as a reference to a single value for various purposes. The resulting land value estimation model is expected to reflect the true value.
Vegetation spectral characteristics based on altitude zone in galunggung volcano
Authors: Himayah S , Ridwana R
Published: November 2022

Galunggung is an active volcano with an altitude of 2168 meter above sea level. Galunggung Volcano has a diversity of vegetation and habitat for various fauna. Previous research explained that Galunggung Volcano has at least 43 species of typical plants, which are divided into categories of mature trees, poles, saplings, and seedlings / undergrowth. However, the spectral characteristics of these plant types are still unknown. On the other hand, remote sensing with infrared channels is the right technology to analyze the spectral characteristics of vegetation in Galunggung Volcano. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the specific characteristics of vegetation on Galunggung Volcano based on height zones. This research uses Landsat 8 imagery, Aster GDEM imagery, and Hyperion imagery. It is expected that the results of image processing can show how the altitude affects the different spectral characteristics and types of vegetation in the study area.
Morphometric analysis using geographical information system techniques in serpeng and sumurup watersheds
Authors: Septianingrum R S , Haryono E
Published: November 2022

Serpeng and Sumurup are allogeneic rivers in Wonosari’s basin, which derive water to Gunungsewu karst drainage system. The river flow characteristics of their allogeneic system are influenced by the watershed and weather conditions of the area. In addition, quantitative morphometry plays an important role in hydrological processes with remote sensing and geospatial techniques used to carry out a morphometric analysis. SRTM (DEM) was an efficient tool for extracting morphometric parameters. The watershed of the Sumurup river was much wider, and covers a total area of 42.80 km2, with a length of the main river being 21.44 km, while the Serpeng watershed covers an area of 10.58 km2 and length of the main river has 8.85 km. However, morphometry of the drainage density of both of them was classified on a medium category which indicates the basin is moderate permeability and has susceptible to flooding and erosion process. The highest order of Sumurup river has 4th level stream orders with has an elongated shape and Serpeng has 3rd level stream orders with an oval shape. Comparative analysis of watershed in the allogenic system could represent the geomorphological expression on the spatiotemporal variation of hydrology behavior of both rivers.
Spatial distribution of rice planting pattern using sentinel-1a sar in pabuaran subdistrict, subang regency, indonesia
Authors: Yazid H , Wibowo A , Kustiyo Kustiyo
Published: November 2022

The Monitoring of paddy fields conducts to guarantee national food data. One of the ways is to use the Sentinel-1A (Synthetic-Aperture Radar) system with a spatial resolution of 10 meters and able to penetrate the clouds. The purpose of this research is the identification of the spatial distribution of rice planting period and planting patterns within one year. The variable is a value of rice plating period based on backscattered value on Sentinel-1A imagery. The image analysis method used supervised maximum likelihood classification with training sample based on ground truth survey to generate rice planting period. The rice planting periods was land preparation, vegetative, reproductive, generative, and fallow phase. The results showed that the backscatter value in the land preparation phase was very low (-25.81 dB), then continued to increase upon entering the vegetative phase (-20.64 dB), which achieve maximum value on reproductive phase (-14.82 dB). At the time of paddy field entering the generative phase, the backscatter value would drop to averages -17.76 dB. The fallow phase is characterized by backscatter values that are ascending or not patterned due to the absence of roughness changes on the paddy field’s surface. The results of the study found there are three times of rice planting period in Pabuaran Subdistrict. Moreover, the research found there are six rice planting patterns, which are (1) paddy-paddy-paddy, (2) paddy-paddy-fallow, (3) paddy-fallow-paddy, (4) fallow-paddy-paddy, (5) paddy-fallow-fallow, and (6) fallow-paddy-fallow. This research concludes that spatial distribution dominated with rice planting patterns is paddy-fallow-paddy and distributed spread around Pabuaran Subdistrict.
Spatial segregation at large-scale planned residential bintaro jaya
Authors: Wardhani S A , Nurlambang T , Rizqihandari N , Setiadi H
Published: November 2022

The local government of Jakarta has limited capacity to meet the needs for residential. Therefore, A private developer has the opportunity to help the local government respond by building a large-scale planned residential named Bintaro Jaya. It is developed in the South Jakarta Area and the South Tangerang Region. The development caused a gated community and led to physical and social segregation with the previous local community. This research is aimed to identify the spatial segregation in Bintaro Jaya. These hypotheses are analyzed by using a socio-spatial approach and descriptive analysis. The method is interpreted from Google Earth Imagery map Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS based on the masterplan of Bintaro Jaya to identify delineation settlement status and field observation as an image interpretation data validation. This paper describes the phenomenon of spatial segregation that potentially can be exclusive space. The form of segregation is identified by walls, roads, and economic centers. In which the economic center can be a transitional space that functions as a communal space between segregations.
Community characteristic as a base in planting bamboo and vetiver in hilly areas, a case study of Cibeureum Village, West Java
Authors: Sumadio W , Zulkarnain F , Zubair A , Maulidina K , Rosyidy M K
Published: November 2022

Involving the community is a way of protecting the environment. The area of Mount Gede Pangrango is a tourist destination for people from Jakarta and its surroundings. Changes in land use happen rapidly, as well as deforestation of hills. Community participation to reforest the hills is one of the ways that is carried out in community service activities. Based on the characteristics of the community, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the procedures of community participation in planting bamboo and vetiver at the slopes of Mount Gede Pangrango. The method of collecting data is by observing and interviewing various stakeholders. The community that gets involved come from various backgrounds and intentions. The analysis shows that the most important stage in community participation is in action planning. At this stage, the community leader is an important position. According to the community, the less important phase was evaluating the activities results. In this stage, the organizer could complete the stage by itself. The conclusion of this study shows that the backgrounds of the community leaders and the community members are keys to the program. A direct economic benefit could strengthen community participation. The community will not offer their support unless the program offers benefits of economic profit.
Pawang uteun local wisdom values in managing aceh forest
Authors: Muslihin  , Maryani E , Yani A
Published: November 2022

Environmental damage on earth is mostly caused by human activities in overexploiting nature. This activity shows that people’s attitudes are still low in environmental preservation. Local people still carry out the traditions passed down by their ancestors in managing the forest wisely and wisely. This study aims to see the perceptions of the Acehnese community towards the pawang uteun and to formulate the local wisdom values of the uteun pawang in maintaining and managing forests in a manner. The method used in this research is a survey method with a descriptive approach. This research shows that the values contained in the local wisdom of pawang uteun are very suitable to be taught to students. Conclusion The community’s perception of the importance of forests is very high and this is why they want this forest to be managed by indigenous peoples with their wisdom. There are conservative values in customary forest management by pawang uteun, religious values as well as togetherness and deliberation. Pawang uteun traditional wisdom values in managing forests must be socialized to the community so that the community knows and obeys in protecting customary forests. It is hoped that it can increase awareness and concern for the environment, besides that it can also maintain the existence of culture in the era of globalization.
Local wisdom of the indigenous society of kampung kuta in maintaining leuweung gede as a form of environmental conservation efforts
Authors: Rohman S N , Maryani E , Yani A
Published: November 2022

Environmental conservation is an issue that has never stopped being discussed. Human awareness in protecting and preserving the environment today is decreasing, and it has an impact on the quality of the environment which is getting worse. Knowledge of the local wisdom of indigenous society in managing nature and preserving the environment in Indonesia is a very valuable instrument to raise public awareness of the importance of environmental conservation. The indigenous society of Kampung Kuta have a form of local wisdom in environmental conservation. This study aims at identifying the local wisdom of indigenous society of Kampung Kuta in protecting Leuweung Gede as a form of environmental conservation efforts. Descriptive method, with a qualitative approach, is used in this study. Observations, in-depth interviews, and literature studies from various related articles were done to collect the data. Data analysis techniques by performing data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions The results showed that the indigenous society of Kampung Kuta have local wisdom in the form of prohibitions as customary rules for the local community and visitors in protecting Leuweung Gede as a form of environmental conservation efforts in the area of Kampung Kuta.
The contribution ecoliteracy in environmental care behavior students of state high school in the city of medan
Authors: Wahyuni N , Maryani E , Kastolani W
Published: November 2022

Global environmental problems that occur on earth include global warming, urban air pollution, water crisis, noise pollution and loss of biodiversity, which are environmental problems caused by human activities. Environmental problems have not been resolved due to the lack of environmental awareness of the community. The educational institutions ranging from elementary schools to tertiary institutions will be able to contribute and play their role in realizing the goals and protection of environmental management. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of ecoliteracy of students in Medan, the environmental care behaviour of students, and the contribution of ecoliteracy to environmental care behavior. This research uses a survey method, with a quantitative approach. The sample in this study was 243 students. The results showed that the level of ecoliteracy was included in the moderate category of 62%, while the environmental care behaviour was also in the moderate category of 53% and the ecoliteracy of students contributed to the environmental care behaviour of students with the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.254 (25.4 %) while the rest (74.6%) is influenced by other factors. The conclusion is that a good level of ecoliteracy can provide a good understanding of the environmental care behaviour of students.
The important of environmental awareness and industrial hygiene for workers
Authors: Bratanegara A S , Somantri L , Astari A J , Ihsan M H , Aliyan S A
Published: November 2022

Environmental damage caused by industrial development is not only a result of industrial activities, but also a result of the demands of human life which require humans to adapt to the environment and all its changes through education and technology. In this case, a change in human behavior in managing natural resources is needed as a solution to these problems. Environmental damage in the PT. X Bojenegara - Banten, which is engaged in the oil and gas industry is still happening. Most of the causes of environmental damage in the region of PT. X such as air pollution, water, and soil as a result of the behavior of workers who don’t have an attitude of environmental awareness in the work. Several factors, namely environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program used to see the connection with the behavior of workers at PT. X. This research was conducted at PT. X Bojonegara, Banten in February 2015 to March 2015 by using a quantitative approach. Data were collected by using questionnaires, field observation and in-depth interviews. There are 79 respondents and 5 informants which were analyzed by univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics. The result shown that there are any relationship between environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program with worker behavior (R = 0.292). The correlation value of 0.292 indicates that the relationship between environmental awareness and Industrial Hygiene program with worker behavior is moderate. The conclusion from these results shows that the higher the environmental awareness and the more understanding of the Industrial Hygiene program, the better the behavior of the workers.
Effects of land use on the number of coliform bacteria in boyong river, sleman
Authors: Puspitasari N N A , Hadi M P
Published: November 2022

Watershed management is important, especially to water management. River water pollution in the upstream has an impact on the water quality in the midstream and downstream. Boyong River is an upstream part of Code Watershed which has three dominant land uses. Land use activities in the Boyong River cause faecal pollution from animals or humans waste in river bodies. This can cause the presence of coliform bacteria in rivers, both Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC). This study aims to determine the effect of land use on the number of TC and FC in the Boyong River. The study focused on three dominant land uses, mixed-use gardens, irrigated fields, and settlements. Sampling was carried out during the dry season and rainy season, using a purposive sampling method. Based on laboratory tests with the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, the number of TC ranged from <1,8 – 350.000 MPN/100mL and the number of FC ranged from <1,8 – 79.000 MPN/100mL. Third land use contributes to river pollution. Settlements have the highest number of TC and FC changing. During the rainy season, the number of TC and FC tends to be higher than during the dry season. Almost all sample points exceed the Boyong River allotment quality standard.
Household livelihood strategies of inhabitant traditional javanese house in brayut tourist village
Authors: Setiadi D O R , Baiquni M
Published: November 2022

The traditional house as a tourist attraction in Brayut Tourism Village is an assest need of great treatment. This study tries to describe the livelihood condition of household in traditional Javanese house in Brayut Tourist Village and identify the household livelihood strategy in traditional Javanese house in Brayut Tourist Village. Combination quantitative and qualitative methods with sequential explanatory model are used with census techniques. Assets in households participate in the tourist village activities show human capital having the highest score. Physical capital like electronic, transportation, and household furnishings is the highest capital the household not participate in the tourist village activities. Households capable of inhabiting of Javanese traditional house is divided into two categories that is households that have only able to survive the occupies a house, consist of survival and passive income strategies. And households that have high capabilities and capital. This category consist of a intensification consolidation, diversification consolidation, and accumulation strategies.
Suitability of seaweed cultivation areas on serangan island, denpasar city, bali
Authors: Nabila V C , Damayanti A , Dimyati M
Published: November 2022

Seaweed cultivation is an alternative used in coastal areas. It is necessary to increase seaweed production because of the high carrying capacity and potential seaweed cultivation areas. The seaweed cultivation on Serangan Island continues to be pressured by the development of tourism and human activities. This study aims to analyze the suitability of the seaweed cultivation area in Serangan Island. The variables used in this study are water conditions such as sea surface temperature, salinity, total suspended solids, and dissolved oxygen—the data obtained through processing Landsat 8 imagery in January and May 2020. The method used is scoring and overlaying all variables, which are then analyzed spatially. The results showed a suitable area covering 616 Ha dominantly and the appropriate regions for 1,52 Ha, located in several parts of the northern and southern waters of Serangan Island in the rainy season. Whereas in the dry season, suitable areas are covering 223 Ha located in 31 grids in the northern, eastern, southern, and southwestern parts of Serangan Island, quite ideal for 392 Ha in 72 grids dominantly and unsuitable for 2,52 Ha located in part east and west grid of Serangan Island waters.
Governing the urban water challenges of surakarta
Authors: Rahayu P , Rini Erma Fitria , Wardhani Jayanti Kusuma
Published: November 2022

Urban water is one of the most important natural resources to support urban growth. However, conflicting interests from different sectoral needs interfere with its management as the demand for water increases as a result of rapid urbanization. This paper compares the theory and practice of urban water governance, particularly the extent to which the concept of urban water governance can be implemented in Surakarta, Indonesia. The paper also provides lessons for practitioners. This study applies a qualitative single case study method using in-depth interviews with eight key players from eight institutions related to urban water governance. The respondents represent the local Planning Agency, Public Works Agency, Local Water Utility, Environmental Agency, Disaster Mitigation Agency, Housing Agency, the Regional Water Cooperation Body, and the Provincial Water Resources Management Agency. Surakarta is a rapidly growing medium-sized city that faces the challenge of urban clean water provision. The results indicate that although to a certain extent a gap between theory and practice exists, all the interviewed stakeholders have realized and have started initiating collaborations in urban water management. The most important point forward is to establish an effective regular platform for more solid collaboration to attain integrated urban water governance for Surakarta.
Criteria for the Protected Area Management Category Framework in Peninsular Malaysia for Sustainable Conservation Planning
Authors: Hashim Zakaria , Abdullah Saiful Arif
Published: November 2022

The categories of protected area management are essential tools for ensuring the agenda of conserving biodiversity is achieved. Almost all countries in the world have established the management categories intending to provide the guidelines to manage the conservation site. Peninsular Malaysia is not exceptional and the management categories are following the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It has been implemented since 1996 specifically for all protected areas managed by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP). However, the implementation is done without using any criteria and sub-criteria in assigning the management category to each protected area. Therefore, the objective of this article is to highlight the criteria and sub-criteria that need to be considered in the management category framework of protected areas in Peninsular Malaysia. All criteria/sub-criteria were identified through a literature review, followed by filtering, integration and expert validation. A total of 46 sub-criteria were identified and can be categorized into 5 criteria: general, environmental, social, economic and management. For sustainable conservation planning all the identified criteria and sub-criteria are essential for determining the management categories of protected areas in Peninsular Malaysia.
Adaptation and application of low impact urban design and development (LIUDD) in Resistencia, Argentina
Authors: Prayogi L , Yandri S , Schneider V
Published: November 2022

Low impact urban design and development (LIUDD) emerged as an approach promoting urban development while reducing its negative impact on the natural environment, especially on the natural hydrology cycle. While the object being concerned (i.e., the natural hydrology cycle) is universal, the processes and steps taken for reducing urban development negative impact on it as promoted by LIUDD are supposedly contextualized to the place where LIUDD is conceived, that is New Zealand. This article explores the adaptation and application of LIUDD done jointly by Argentinian and Indonesian landscape architecture students when intervening a naturally flooded area and designing a flood park in Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina. This article was written through a qualitative and descriptive research. The design process and outcomes were analysed using the LIUDD process and design principles as the framework. It is found that designing properly following the LIUDD process requires extensive data on the natural environment that are not always easily available for the Resistencia context. However, the LIUDD design principles are rather universal and can be adapted to the Resistencia context.
Analysis of Potential Objects for Ecotourism Development Based on Landscape Character in the Gunung Pongkor Post-Mining Area Through Expert Judgement
Authors: Kusumoarto A , Gunawan A , Machfud  , Hikmat A
Published: November 2022

The Gunung Pongkor post-mining area has several objects that have the potential as ecotourism objects such as natural phenomena, flora and fauna, as well as tailings and mine buildings that will be abandoned and have the potential as heritage buildings. The study aims to identify and analysis the potential of these objects for ecotourism development based on landscape character through expert judgement. This study used a qualitative descriptive method through assessment surveys and interviews. The stages in this research are: 1) identification of ecotourism objects and 2) analysis of potential ecotourism objects. The uniqueness of potential natural phenomena is the most important variable compared to its beauty and scarcity. The existence of areas where there are almost extinct, vulnerable, and critical flora and fauna is the most important assessment variable and must be protected. The scarcity of heritage buildings is the most important variable compared to their uniqueness and beauty. The potential variable is compared to the value of the weight of its importance as something that must be a concern for protecting ecotourism objects and developing ecotourism destination area. The protection carried out is to protect the character of the landscape where the unique natural phenomena are located, protect the habitat and types of flora and fauna from extinction and protect the scarcity of heritage buildings from destruction.
Perspectives on the orbital angular momentum of light
Authors: Forbes Andrew
Published: November 2022

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been known and understood in mechanical systems for centuries, but far less venerable in optical systems. It was only 30 years ago that OAM was directly associated with the spatial structure of light, specifically its phase structure, allowing OAM carrying light to be routinely created in optical laboratories. The explosion in activity since then has been startling, with OAM finding applications in microscopy, imaging, metrology and sensing, optical trapping and tweezing, communication and quantum science. Many of these advances have been reported in this very journal, and so it is fitting that the Journal of Optics should have a special issue dedicated to the topic, celebrating 30 years of advances with a collection that includes original work, reviews and tutorials, covering the past, present while pointing to an exciting future.
Optimized architectures for universal quantum state transformations using photonic path and polarization
Authors: Chen Dong-Xu , Jia Junliang , Zhang Pei , Yang Chui-Ping
Published: November 2022

An arbitrary lossless transformation in high-dimensional (HD) quantum space can be decomposed into elementary operations which are easy to implement, and an effective decomposition algorithm is important for constructing HD systems. Here, we present two optimized architectures to effectively realize an arbitrary unitary transformation by using the photonic path and polarization based on the existing decomposition algorithm. In the first architecture, the number of required interferometers is reduced by half compared with previous works. In the second architecture, by using the HD X gate, all the elementary operations are transferred to the operations which act locally on the photonic polarization in the same path. Such an architecture could be of significance in polarization-based applications. Both architectures maintain the symmetric layout. Our work facilitates the optical implementation of HD transformations and could have potential applications in HD quantum computation and quantum communication.
Tidal influence on dissolved CO2 at Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA
Authors: Turner Jess , Desai Ankur R , Blackstock Joshua M , Smith Dontrece
Published: November 2022

Measuring carbon (C) loss through different pathways is essential for understanding the net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) in tidal wetlands, especially in a reality where wetland mitigation and protecting coastlines from rapid sea-level rise is a growing priority. Tracking C loss can help reveal where an ecosystem is storing the most C, but it can also help scientists understand near- and long-term impacts of wetland restoration on climate. A recently developed partial pressure of dissolved CO2 platform was tested in a subtropical salt marsh with an apparatus that raised and lowered sensor housing with the tide. Additional low-cost water quality sensors were installed nearby for measuring turbidity and salinity. Here, we evaluated how well this floating sensor platform along with 28 d of biogeochemical data from a tidal salt marsh could detect C import and export from tidal effects. This work provides a pathway to low-cost, routine in-situ C exchange measurements which serve the needs of environmental managers, researchers, and others interested in better estimating wetland C storage and transport.
On spectral theory of random fields in the ball
Authors: Leonenko Nikolai , Malyarenko Anatoliy , Olenko Andriy
Published: November 2022

The paper investigates random fields in the ball. It studies three types of such fields: restrictions of scalar random fields in the ball to the sphere, spin, and vector random fields. The review of the existing results and new spectral theory for each of these classes of random fields are given. Examples of applications to classical and new models of these three types are presented. In particular, the Matérn model is used for illustrative examples. The derived spectral representations can be utilised to further study theoretical properties of such fields and to simulate their realisations. The obtained results can also find various applications for modelling and investigating ball data in cosmology, geosciences and embryology.
Boltzmann–Gibbs Random Fields with Mesh-free Precision Operators Based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Hristopulos Dionissios
Published: November 2022

Boltzmann–Gibbs random fields are defined in terms of the exponential expressionexp⁡(−H)\exp \left (-\mathcal {H}\right ), whereH\mathcal {H}is a suitably defined energy functional of the field statesx(s)x(\mathbf {s}). This paper presents a new Boltzmann–Gibbs model which features local interactions in the energy functional. The interactions are embodied in a spatial coupling function which uses smoothed kernel-function approximations of spatial derivatives inspired from the theory of smoothed particle hydrodynamics. A specific model for the interactions based on a second-degree polynomial of the Laplace operator is studied. An explicit, mesh-free expression of the spatial coupling function (precision function) is derived for the case of the squared exponential (Gaussian) smoothing kernel. This coupling function allows the model to seamlessly extend from discrete data vectors to continuum fields. Connections with Gaussian Markov random fields and the Matérn field withν=1\nu =1are established.
Performance of Existing and Novel Symptom- and Antigen Testing–Based COVID-19 Case Definitions in a Community Setting
Authors: Lee Scott , Almendares Olivia , Prince-Guerra Jessica , Anderson Mark , Heilig Charles M , Tate Jacqueline E , Kirking Hannah L
Published: November 2022

Point-of-care antigen tests are an important tool for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection, yet are less clinically sensitive than real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), affecting their efficacy as screening procedures. Our goal in this analysis was to see whether we could improve this sensitivity by considering antigen test results in combination with other relevant information, namely exposure status and reported symptoms. In November 2020, we collected 3,419 paired upper respiratory specimens tested by RT-PCR and the Abbott BinaxNOW (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois) antigen test at 2 community testing sites in Pima County, Arizona. We used symptom, exposure, and antigen-testing data to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of various symptom definitions in predicting RT-PCR positivity. Our analysis yielded 6 novel multisymptom case definitions with and without antigen test results, the best of which overall achieved a Youden’s J index of 0.66, as compared with 0.53 for antigen testing alone. Using a random forest as a guide, we show that this definition, along with our others, does not lose the ability to generalize well to new data despite achieving optimal performance in our sample. Our methodology is broadly applicable, and our code is publicly available to aid public health practitioners in developing or fine-tuning their own case definitions.
Biological network topology features predict gene dependencies in cancer cell-lines
Authors: Benstead-Hume Graeme , Wooller Sarah K , Renaut Joanna , Dias Samantha , Woodbine Lisa , Carr Antony M , Pearl Frances M G
Published: November 2022

Motivation

Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks have been shown to successfully predict essential proteins. However, such networks are derived generically from experiments on many thousands of different cells. Consequently, conventional PPI networks cannot capture the variation of genetic dependencies that exists across different cell types, let alone those that emerge as a result of the massive cell restructuring that occurs during carcinogenesis. Predicting cell-specific dependencies is of considerable therapeutic benefit, facilitating the use of drugs to inhibit those proteins on which the cancer cells have become specifically dependent. In order to go beyond the limitations of the generic PPI, we have attempted to personalise PPI networks to reflect cell-specific patterns of gene expression and mutation. By using 12 topological features of the resulting PPIs, together with matched gene dependency data from DepMap, we trained random-forest classifiers (DependANT) to predict novel gene dependencies.

Results

We found that DependANT improves the power of the baseline generic PPI models in predicting common gene dependencies, by up to 10.8% and is more sensitive than the baseline generic model when predicting genes on which only a small number of cell types are dependent.

Availability and implementation

Software available at https://bitbucket.org/bioinformatics_lab_sussex/dependant2

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
An ensemble prediction model for COVID-19 mortality risk
Authors: Li Jie , Li Xin , Hutchinson John , Asad Mohammad , Liu Yinghui , Wang Yadong , Wang Edwin
Published: November 2022

Background

It’s critical to identify COVID-19 patients with a higher death risk at early stage to give them better hospitalization or intensive care. However, thus far, none of the machine learning models has been shown to be successful in an independent cohort. We aim to develop a machine learning model which could accurately predict death risk of COVID-19 patients at an early stage in other independent cohorts.

Methods

We used a cohort containing 4711 patients whose clinical features associated with patient physiological conditions or lab test data associated with inflammation, hepatorenal function, cardiovascular function, and so on to identify key features. To do so, we first developed a novel data preprocessing approach to clean up clinical features and then developed an ensemble machine learning method to identify key features.

Results

Finally, we identified 14 key clinical features whose combination reached a good predictive performance of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.907. Most importantly, we successfully validated these key features in a large independent cohort containing 15 790 patients.

Conclusions

Our study shows that 14 key features are robust and useful in predicting the risk of death in patients confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage, and potentially useful in clinical settings to help in making clinical decisions.
Unveiling Whiteness within organisations working with people of refugee background
Authors: Vincent Kate
Published: November 2022

This article explores how Australian social workers who work with people resettling interpret Whiteness operating within organisational practices and contexts. Eight White Tasmanian social workers participated in a multimethod qualitative study informed by relationality and a dialogical framework. The research data were analysed using narrative analysis. Participants reported that Whiteness operated through workplace climate, culture and practices, and how physical spaces are constructed. Whilst the majority reported feeling discomfort about these contexts and practices, many had not spoken up or challenged Whiteness within organisations, affirming and perpetuating Whiteness. This research highlights the importance of social workers becoming actively involved in decision-making that explores alternatives to dominant approaches to refugee resettlement. Given the research suggests that knowing about Whiteness does not guarantee action, social workers also need to explore strategies for ensuring that they speak up to challenge Whiteness. However, service delivery models which are refugee-led and/or refugee-staffed organisations, or who utilise accountability practices are alternatives requiring more attention.
Association Between the Development of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Reservoir Markers in People With HIV on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Turcotte Isabelle , El-Far Mohamed , Sadouni Manel , Chartrand-Lefebvre Carl , Filali-Mouhim Ali , Fromentin Rémi , Chamberland Annie , Jenabian Mohammad-Ali , Baril Jean-Guy , Trottier Benoit , Thomas Réjean , Tremblay Cécile L , Durand Madeleine , Chomont Nicolas ,   the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study
Published: November 2022

We report that people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosed with coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques display higher levels of HIV DNA compared with those without atherosclerotic plaques. In a multivariable prediction model that included 27 traditional and HIV-related risk factors, measures of HIV DNA were among the most important predictors of atherosclerotic plaque formation.
RSCOEWR: Radical-Based Sentiment Classification of Online Education Website Reviews
Authors: Li Jie , Sun GuoYing
Published: November 2022

Online education is becoming more and more popular with the development of the Internet. In particular, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries around the world are increasing the popularity of online education, which makes the research on sentiment classification of course reviews of online education websites an important research direction in natural language processing tasks. Traditional sentiment classification models are mostly based on English. Unlike English, Chinese characters are based on pictograms. Radicals of Chinese characters can also express certain semantics, and characters with the same radical often have similar meanings. Therefore, RSCOEWR, a word-level and radical-level based sentiment classification model for course reviews of Chinese online education websites is proposed, which solves the problem of data sparsity of reviews by feature extraction of multiple dimensions. In addition, a deep learning model based on CNN, BILSTM, BIGRU and Attention is constructed to solve the problem of high dimension and assigning the same attention to context of traditional sentiment classification model. Extensive comparative experiment results show that RSCOEWR outperforms the state-of-the-art sentiment classification models, and the experimental results on public Chinese sentiment classification datasets prove the generalization ability of RSCOEWR.
Kudzu Bug (Megacopta cribraria) and Associated Egg Parasitoids Emergence Rates in Alabama are Predicted by Weather Indices
Authors: Chicas-Mosier Ana M , Balusu Rammohan R , Ajayi Olufemi S , Kafle Basu D , Morawo Tolulope , Mertoglu Gamze , Smith Chelsea M , Warsi Sanower , Fadamiro Henry Y
Published: November 2022

The kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae), is a major economic pest of soybean in the southeastern United States. With climate warming, this pest is expected to move northward and cause additional crop damage. Parasitoid biocontrol is a potential method of integrated pest management for kudzu bug. Two species of egg parasitoid wasps have been observed emerging from kudzu bug egg masses in the southeastern United States: Paratelenomus saccharalis (Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Ooencyrtus nezarae (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). This paper used egg mass emergence data collected between 2018 and 2020 in Alabama soybean fields and compared the data to weather indices. Indices included the number of days with minimum temperatures below zero, accumulated rainfall (mm m−2), as well as species specific metrics of accumulated growing degree days, accumulated daily minimum temperature (°C), and accumulated daily maximum temperature (°C). Emergence of the generalist parasitoid, O. nezarae, was highly correlated with kudzu bug nymph abundance, accumulated degree day, accumulated daily temperatures, and precipitation. Ooencyrtus nezarae emergence was predicted in a stepwise regression equation by aggregated degree day and date of collection, which indicates that seasonality may be a predictor of its presence. In contrast, collections of the specialist parasitoid, P. saccharalis, were near-zero throughout the collection period, suggesting that this species may no longer be a usable biocontrol agent in the southeastern United States as a result of external limiting factors.
Variation in Larval Thermal Tolerance of Three Saproxylic Beetle Species
Authors: Lawhorn Kane A , Yanoviak Stephen P
Published: November 2022

Temperature is a key abiotic condition that limits the distributions of organisms, and forest insects are particularly sensitive to thermal extremes. Whereas winged adult insects generally are able to escape unfavorable temperatures, other less-vagile insects (e.g., larvae) must withstand local microclimatic conditions to survive. Here, we measured the thermal tolerance of the larvae of three saproxylic beetle species that are common inhabitants of coarse woody debris (CWD) in temperate forests of eastern North America: Lucanus elaphus Fabricius (Lucanidae), Dendroides canadensis Latreille (Pyrochroidae), and Odontotaenius disjunctus Illiger (Passalidae). We determined how their critical thermal maxima (CTmax) vary with body size (mass), and measured the thermal profiles of CWD representing the range of microhabitats occupied by these species. Average CTmax differed among the three species and increased with mass intraspecifically. However, mass was not a good predictor of thermal tolerance among species. Temperature ramp rate and time in captivity also influenced larval CTmax, but only for D. canadensis and L. elaphus respectively. Heating profiles within relatively dry CWD sometimes exceeded the CTmax of the beetle larvae, and deeper portions of CWD were generally cooler. Interspecific differences in CTmax were not fully explained by microhabitat association, but the results suggest that the distribution of some species within a forest can be affected by local thermal extremes. Understanding the responses of saproxylic beetle larvae to warming habitats will help predict shifts in community structure and ecosystem functioning in light of climate change and increasing habitat fragmentation.
Initial hospital length of stay and long-term survival of patients successfully resuscitated using extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Alexy Tamas , Kalra Rajat , Kosmopoulos Marinos , Bartos Jason A , Elliott Andrea , Gutierrez Bernal Alejandra , Martin Cindy M , John Ranjit , Shaffer Andrew W , Raveendran Ganesh , Tsangaris Adamantios , Yannopoulos Demetris
Published: November 2022

Aims

The long-term outcomes of patients treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for refractory ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remain poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to describe the hospital length of stay and long-term survival of patients who were successfully rescued with ECPR after refractory VT/VF OHCA.

Methods and results

In this retrospective cohort study, the length of index admission and long-term survival of patients treated with ECPR after OHCA at a single centre were evaluated. In a sensitivity analysis, survival of patients managed with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation or heart transplantation during the same period was also evaluated. Between 1 January 2016 and 12 January 2020, 193 patients were transferred for ECPR considerations and 160 underwent peripheral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation. Of these, 54 (33.7%) survived the index admission. These survivors required a median 16 days of intensive care and 24 days total hospital stay. The median follow-up time of the survivors was 1216 (683, 1461) days. Of all, 79.6 and 72.2% were alive at 1 and 4 years, respectively. Most deaths within the first year occurred among the patients requiring discharge to a long-term acute care facility. Overall survival rates at 4 years were similar in the ECPR and LVAD cohorts (P = 0.30) but were significantly higher for transplant recipients (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

This data suggest that the lengthy index hospitalization required to manage OHCA patients with ECPR is rewarded by excellent long-term clinical outcomes in an expert ECPR programme.
Evaluating the efficacy of demand-side communication interventions on claiming rights: evidence from an action research field experiment in India
Authors: Milap Akshay , Sarin Ankur
Published: November 2022

Communication-based interventions increasingly characterize attempts to strengthen policy implementation, especially policies targeting disadvantaged populations who despite their eligibility often fail to access potential benefits. However, factors that determine their effectiveness remains an open empirical question. To examine elements of effective communication in the exercising of rights, we designed and implemented a randomized field experiment around a public informational assistance campaign, spanning an entire urban district in India as part of a larger action research initiative. Situated within the context of India’s ambitious “Right to Education” Act, our intensive campaign employed distinct instruments varying in terms of trustworthiness, expertise, and media richness—frontline public health workers, trained student volunteers, and an interactive voice response system—to assist individuals in the claiming process. While our results reiterate the value of information, we find these effects to be less pronounced for the most disadvantaged. Our results also emphasize the role of expertise in navigating complex administrative processes. However, our analysis points to the necessity of complementing communication-based interventions with other supply-side enabling measures that ensure they aid the most disadvantaged.