bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty Quantification in Coastal Aquifers Using the Multilevel Monte Carlo Method
Authors: Litvinenko Alexander , Logashenko Dmitry , Tempone Raul , Vasilyeva Ekaterina , Wittum Gabriel
Published: February 2023

We consider a class of density-driven flow problems. We are particularly interested in the problem of the salinization of coastal aquifers. We consider the Henry saltwater intrusion problem with uncertain porosity, permeability, and recharge parameters as a test case. The reason for the presence of uncertainties is the lack of knowledge, inaccurate measurements, and inability to measure parameters at each spatial or time location. This problem is nonlinear and time-dependent. The solution is the salt mass fraction, which is uncertain and changes in time. Uncertainties in porosity, permeability, recharge, and mass fraction are modeled using random fields. This work investigates the applicability of the well-known multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method for such problems. The MLMC method can reduce the total computational and storage costs. Moreover, the MLMC method runs multiple scenarios on different spatial and time meshes and then estimates the mean value of the mass fraction. The parallelization is performed in both the physical space and stochastic space. To solve every deterministic scenario, we run the parallel multigrid solver ug4 in a black-box fashion. We use the solution obtained from the quasi-Monte Carlo method as a reference solution.
Did Virtual Patients Help Medical Students Learn Clinical Skills? Impact Study During COVID-19
Authors: Nedungadi Prema , Jina Romita , Mathew George , Rudraraju Ramaraju , Raman Raghu
Published: February 2023

Simulation-Based Medical Education that uses Virtual Patients has become increasingly important during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the need for social distancing and minimizing contact, medical simulation technology has provided a valuable tool for healthcare professionals to practice and improve their skills without the need for face-to-face interactions. MedSIM is a medically accurate simulation platform with Virtual Patients designed for undergraduate medical education. Our study involved two groups of students. The PreCOVID group, before the pandemic, underwent conventional teaching methods. The COVID group, during the pandemic, had students exposed to conventions skills taught earlier and were taught again with MedSIM. Students indicated high satisfaction with the clinical skills demonstrated by the Virtual Patients. More than half agreed that MedSIM had enabled them to perform all kinds of procedures on patients (PreCOVID group 68.8%, COVID group 71.3%), showed cues and consequences much like those in natural clinical environments (PreCOVID 68.4%, COVID 71.3%). Also, MedSIM allowed them to have a repetitive practice that helps in critical skills transfer to actual patients (PreCOVID 72.7%, COVID 74.7%). MedSIM met the expectations of most of the students. Students from both groups rated the online performance of the MedSIM simulator as "Very good." Analysis from a customized word cloud indicated that most students found MedSIM to be good and of educational value. MedSIM platform enhances healthcare professionals' skills and knowledge, leading to better patient outcomes and increased access to healthcare, supporting SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being). It also provides a safe and controlled environment for healthcare professionals to learn and practice essential skills, supporting SDG 4 (Quality Education).
Three-Year Follow-Up of a Traumatic Critical-Sized Tibial Bone Defect Treated with a 3D Printed Titanium Cage
Authors: Johnson Lindsey G. , Kearney Molly M. , Allen Nicholas B. , Adams Samuel B.
Published: February 2023

Case:

We report a case involving a 21-year-old woman who sustained a Grade III open pilon fracture of the left ankle during a motor vehicle accident that resulted in a 12-cm critical-sized bone defect (CSD) that was successfully treated with a three-dimensional (3D) printed titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) cage, a tibiotalocalcaneal intramedullary nail, and autogenous and allograft bone. The patient’s reported outcome measures were comparable with those reported for non-CSD injuries at 3-year follow-up. The authors conclude that 3D printed titanium cages offers a unique approach to traumatic limb salvage for tibial CSD.

Conclusions:

3D printing offers a novel solution to CSDs. To the best of our knowledge, this case report details the largest 3D printed cage, to date, used to treat tibial bone loss. This report describes a unique approach to traumatic limb salvage with favorable patient-reported outcomes and evidence of radiographic fusion at a 3-year follow up.
Atraumatic Fracture of the Femoral Component of a Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Pujol Oriol , Reverté Mercè , Pijoan Joan , Minguell Joan , Joshi-Jubert Nayana , Castellet Enric
Published: February 2023

Case:

An 81-year-old man presented with severe atraumatic knee pain. Sixteen years before, he had undergone a primary cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A radiological study showed osteolysis and loosening of the femoral component. Intraoperatively, a medial femoral condyle fracture was found. A rotating-hinge revision TKA with cemented stems was implanted.

Conclusion:

Femoral component fracture is extremely rare. Surgeons should remain vigilant with younger and heavier patients with severe unexplained pain. Early revision TKA using cemented, stemmed, and more constrained implants is usually necessary. Full and stable metal-to-bone contact through perfect cuts and a careful cementing technique avoiding debonded areas are recommended to prevent this complication.
Anomalous Extensor Indicis Proprius Muscle Extending Beyond the Extensor Retinaculum
Authors: Yoon Christine , Hadavi Cyrus , Engler Alan , Erlich Mark , Mishall Priti , Pinkas Adi
Published: February 2023

Case:

During dissection of the upper limb of a cadaver in preparation for a first-year anatomy course, an extensor indicis proprius (EIP) variant was discovered with its muscle belly extending distal to the extensor retinaculum and beyond what has been previously described in the literature.

Conclusion:

EIP is commonly used as a tendon transfer for extensor pollicis longus rupture. Few anatomic variants of EIP have been reported in the literature, but such variants should be considered because of their consequences to the success of tendon transfer and potential implications for diagnosis of an otherwise unexplained mass of the wrist.
Opioid-Sparing Multimodal Analgesia Efficacy in Hispanic Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Olivella Gerardo , Natal-Albelo Eduardo , Rosado Edwin , Rivera Lenny , Tresgallo Rubén , Vidal-Figueroa José , Torres-Lugo Norberto J. , Ramírez Norman , Zayas-Torres Fernando , Otero-López Antonio
Published: February 2023

Background:

Adequate pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been associated with improved patient mobility and satisfaction, and is a task that has historically relied on opioids. Multimodal analgesic regimens can be considered a therapeutic alternative for postoperative pain control to avoid opioid consumption and its adverse side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the use of a multimodal analgesia protocol based on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen as an alternative to reduce opioid consumption in Hispanic patients undergoing primary TKA.

Methods:

An institutional review board-approved, randomized controlled trial evaluated postoperative pain control after TKA in a Hispanic population. The experimental opioid-sparing group received 30-mg ketorolac intravenously every 6 hours and 1-g acetaminophen orally every 6 hours as the patient requested. The experimental group had the option to use morphine and oxycodone combined with acetaminophen as a rescue therapy. The control group received opioids in the form of 0.1-mg/kg morphine intravenously every 6 hours and/or oxycodone combined with acetaminophen (2.5 and 325 mg), 2 tablets orally every 6 hours, as the patient requested. Sociodemographic, operative, and immediate postoperative data and pain intensity measurements according to the numerical rating scale (NRS) were compared between groups. Analgesic efficacy was assessed according to the NRS scores at 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively.

Results:

Eighty-one Hispanic patients met inclusion criteria: 42 patients in the experimental group and 39 patients in the control group. None of the patients in the experimental group requested oxycodone combined with acetaminophen as a rescue therapy. Only 2 patients in the experimental group used a mean of 3.0 ± 1.4 mg of rescue morphine; in comparison, the control group consumed a mean of 28.0 ± 7.9 mg of morphine and 64.8 ± 26.0 mg of oxycodone per patient. A pain intensity decrease was observed in the experimental and control groups, with no postoperative evaluation differences at 12 hours (6.7 ± 2.9 compared with 5.9 ± 2.8; p = 0.209), 24 hours (6.2 ± 2.0 compared with 6.1 ± 2.2; p = 0.813), and 48 hours (4.7 ± 2.1 compared with 4.6 ± 1.7; p = 0.835).

Conclusions:

The use of a multimodal analgesic regimen based on intravenous ketorolac and oral acetaminophen was adequate in reducing postoperative pain and opioid consumption in Hispanic patients undergoing TKA.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An Evaluation of Resources Available to Learn About Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Programs
Authors: Malyavko Alisa , Bernstein Simone A. , Gu Alex , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Orthopaedic surgery is one of the most competitive residencies to match into, and understanding what information is useful for applicants can reduce the number of programs applied to. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine which residency recruitment resources influence where applicants apply and how they rank programs, (2) identify what information would be most helpful for applicants to learn about programs, and (3) determine whether orthopaedic surgery applicants have preferential solutions to improve the application process.

Methods:

Medical students who applied to the orthopaedic surgery residency program at the senior author's institution during the 2021-2022 application cycle were invited to participate in this study. The anonymous Qualtrics survey covered several domains of demographics and questions about recruitment resources (e.g., residency websites, in-person away rotations, rankings, and databases with information about orthopaedic surgery programs).

Results:

Of the 216 survey respondents, 77 (35.6%) identified as female and 132 (61.1%) as male. Twenty-four (11.1%) respondents were the first in their family to graduate from an undergraduate program, and 47 (21.8%) applicants had a physician in their immediate family. Survey respondents selected in-person away rotations as the most influential factor in deciding where to apply (n = 97) and how to rank programs (n = 117). Regarding the residency match, 152 survey respondents (70.4%) would like interview caps, 128 (59.3%) would like an increase in program information available on residency databases, and 120 (55.5%) would like application caps.

Discussion:

Medical students applying to orthopaedic surgery residency programs found in-person away rotations to be most influential on which programs they applied to. Applicants would like more transparency during the application process to make better informed decisions when applying to and ranking programs. Residency program directors can apply these preferences to facilitate a more equitable process for all students applying to orthopaedic surgery.

Level of Evidence:

VI
Product Quality Control In Cv. Xyz Using Seven Tools and Quality Control Circle
Authors: Sambodo Priyo , Cahyana Atikha Sidhi
Published: February 2023

In the industrial world, competition for technological advances and marketing strategies is a very big thing, with the level of In this competition, business people are required to always innovate and implement the best strategies to improve product quality or quality. The purpose of this study was to identify the most dominant product defects of the active speaker production process at CV. XYZ. The method used is Seven Tools and Quality Control Circle (QCC) to identify and evaluate the potential failure of the product in CV.  XYZ. the Quality Control Circle (QCC) method by applying the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) and with the Seven Tools (Stratification, Histogram Graph, Pareto Chart, Cause-Effect Diagram, Control Graph). The results of the study indicate that the known factors causing product defects that can be seen from fishbone are humans, machines, materials, environment, and methods and provide suggestions for improvements that are implemented using PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) which can minimize the occurrence of defects. repeated.
Analysis of Riser Gas Pressure from Full-Scale Gas-in-Riser Experiments with Instrumentation
Authors: Kunju Mahendra R. , Almeida Mauricio A.
Published: February 2023

Because the use of adaptive drilling processes, such as managed pressure drilling (MPD), facilitate drilling of otherwise nondrillable wells with faster corrective action, the drilling industry should include the effect of gas dispersion, bubble suspension, fluid compressibility, and riser ballooning to avoid the overestimation of riser pressure and to produce more efficient well control methods. The IADC Deepwater Well Control Guideline recommends always addressing riser gas first, before proceeding to control the well in a well control situation. The intent is to remove the risk of gas reaching the surface and the rig floor, putting personnel and assets at risk. However, with the availability of equipment on the rig dedicated to handling riser gas and the fact that the riser is isolated from the wellbore, the atmosphere reduces the level of risk of gas in the riser, whereas the well below the subsea blowout preventer (SSBOP) poses a greater risk. In this paper, we discuss the results from full-scale experiments recently conducted in an extensively instrumented test well (LSU Well-2) and demonstrate that the riser pressures resulting from upward transport or aggregation of riser gas are much lower than the values estimated using the single-bubble model and industry thumb rules. We explain the danger of using an open-top riser top during the monitoring of gas-in-riser and how the situation can get out of control due to the potential dynamic unloading situation. Our research also demonstrates the minimal fluid bleedoff volumes required to reduce pressure buildup consequences of free gas migration in a fully closed riser containing low-compressibility liquid. A differential pressure methodology used in this paper for analysis was also used for detecting the presence, position, void fraction, and lead and tail velocity of the gas column in real time during each of the tests to make decisions during the tests. The results from a successful application of the fixed choke constant outflow (FCCO) method as a new method for circulating out gas from the riser by staying within the gas-handling capacity of the existing mud gas separator (MGS) on the rig are presented. This is the industry’s first test of the FCCO method.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of CO2 Hydrate Growth in NaCl Aqueous Solution
Authors: Jing Xianwu , Zhou Li , Liu Youquan , Xu Yingying , Yin Wenjian
Published: February 2023

Climate change has brought enormous adverse outcomes to biological activities around the world. The main reason is that too much CO2 has been released into the atmosphere. In recent years, storing CO2 in the form of CO2 hydrate is a research hotspot, the main purpose of which is to reduce carbon emissions to mitigate the greenhouse effect. In this work, we use the molecular dynamics simulation method to study the growth of CO2 hydrate in NaCl aqueous solution with the assumption of induction of CO2 sequestration in the ocean. The temperature is 275 K and the pressure is 10 MPa in this work. Under these conditions, stucture I type (sI-type) CO2 hydrate with a density of about 1150 kg/m3 formed within a very short period of time. The simulation results show that during hydrate growth, Na+ and Cl− are “driven” together and the water molecules remain liquid in this region, where they are near Na+ and Cl−. From the independent gradient model (IGM) based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) analysis, Na+ does not bond with any ions/molecules, which hinders the formation of water cages and thus inhibits hydrate growth; Cl− forms multiple H-bonds with neighboring H2O molecules and can participate in the formation of water cages. However, it is worth noting that not all Cl– and the nearby water molecules can form either a five-membered ring or a four-membered ring; even some water molecules and Cl− cannot form a closed ring. Therefore, it is impossible to determine whether the water molecules near the Cl− are all in liquid or solid state.
Treatment-mediated selection of lethal prostate cancer clones defined by copy number architectures
Authors: Hasan A M Mahedi , Cremaschi Paolo , Wetterskog Daniel , Jayaram Anuradha , Wong Stephen Q , Williams Scott , Pasam Anupama , Trigos Anna , Trujillo Blanca , Grist Emily , Friedrich Stefanie , Vainauskas Osvaldas , Parry Marina , Ismail Mazlina , Devlies Wout , Wingate Anna , Lise Stefano , Sandhu Shahneen , Attard Gerhardt
Published: February 2023

Despite initial responses to hormone treatment, metastatic prostate cancer invariably evolves to a lethal state. To characterize the intra-patient relationships of metastases that evade treatment, we performed genome-wide copy number profiling and bespoke approaches targeting the androgen receptor (AR) on 142 metastatic regions from 10 organs harvested post-mortem from nine men who died from prostate cancer. We identified diverse and patient-unique alterations clustering around the AR in metastases from every patient with evidence of independent acquisition of related genomic changes within an individual and, in some patients, the co-existence of AR-neutral clones. Using the genomic boundaries of pan-autosome copy number change, we confirmed a common clone of origin across metastases and diagnostic biopsies; and identified in individual patients, clusters of metastases occupied by dominant clones with diverged autosomal copy number alterations and cluster-specific AR gene architectures. Copy number boundaries identified treatment-selected clones with distinct lethal trajectories.
A global analysis of coral reef conservation preferences
Authors: Robinson Peter , Beukering Pieter van , Brander Luke
Published: February 2023

Coral reefs and many associated fish populations may cease to exist by the end of the century without additional long-term strategic conservation effort. This paper examines demand for global coral and reef fish conservation in twelve countries of varying income and tropical reef proximity. We analyze preferences for several conservation measures, as well as the impact of country- and individual-specific characteristics and preferences on conservation demand. Moreover, the role of scarcity in shaping this demand is explored. Overall, our findings suggest that preferences of the general public are not well-aligned with coral reef conservation measures that are likely to be effective over time. Individuals are more willing to act to save reefs when they are in serious decline than moderate decline. They also prefer hands on restoration measures, which empirically have been shown to have varying rates of success, over expanding marine protected areas and strengthening legislation. We further find that conservation demand is highest in countries where income is low and where tropical reefs are present. Based on these results, we draw key implications for policymaking decisions based on insights from behavioural science, such as highlighting worst-case future coral reef scenarios.
Detection of attacks in the Internet of Things with the feature selection approach based on the whale optimization algorithm and learning by majority voting
Authors: Aliabadi Mohammad Sharifi , Jalalian Afsaneh
Published: February 2023

Penetration into the Internet of Things network is a challenge in the security of new-generation networks and smart cities. In most cases, malware is distributed in the Internet of Things and smart objects are infected by malware. Objects infected with malware or viruses, which are called botnets, perform attacks such as DDoS against network services. DDoS attacks make network services inaccessible to users. A suitable approach to detect attacks based on malware and botnet is to use intelligent and distributed intrusion detection systems in the Internet of Things and smart cities. In other research, a centralized architecture and deep learning and machine learning method have been used to design intrusion detection systems. Centralized approaches have limited ability to process large volumes of traffic and are vulnerable to DDoS attacks. In this paper, a distributed intrusion detection system is designed with two stages dimensionality reduction and classification. In the first stage, a new and improved version of the whale optimization algorithm(WOA) has been used to select features and reduce traffic dimensions in fog nodes. In the second stage, each fog node performs the classification of the important features of the network traffic by voting and combined learning. The fog nodes share the IP address of the attacking nodes with the detection of the attacking node. Experiments showed that the improved WOA algorithm has less error in calculating the optimal solution than the optimization algorithm of the WOA algorithm. Reducing the feature selection objective function in the proposed method shows that the WOA algorithm is finding optimal features for intrusion detection and reducing the intrusion detection error. The advantage of the proposed intrusion detection system is to deal with DDoS attacks and cooperation between fog nodes to share blacklists. Tests showed that the proposed method in detecting network intrusion without feature selection has accuracy, sensitivity, and precision of 98.21%, 98.09%, and 97.88%. The proposed method with feature selection has accuracy, sensitivity, and precision of 99.39%, 99.31%, and 99.28%. The accuracy and precision of the proposed method in network intrusion detection are higher than the gray wolf algorithm, genetics and support vector machine, the binary gray wolf algorithm, and the hybridized GWO and GA algorithm. The proposed method is more accurate in intrusion detection than the GWO + PSO and firefly algorithms.
Ultrasound Assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of Isoproturon and Triasulfuron Herbicides Using Visible Light Driven Impregnated Zinc Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Khan Kahif , Khitab Fatima , shah Jasmin , Jan Muhammad Rasul
Published: February 2023

Herbicides in wastewater are considered as a serious issue to environmental pollution. Different impregnated metal zinc oxide (Cu/ZnO and Ni/ZnO) as catalyst were prepared through wet impregnation method. The prepared impregnated catalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) Analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, band gap and surface area. The degradation of selected herbicides Isoproturon and triasulfuron were investigated using combine effort of photocatalysis and sonication. The experimental parameters such as pH, irradiation time, photocatalyst dose, effect of oxidants, diverse ion effect, herbicide concentration and catalyst reusability have been optimized. The percent removal of isoproturon was found to be 99% and 98% at pH 7 and triasulfuron was 98% and 99% at pH 6 and 7 using (Cu/ZnO and Ni/ZnO) photocatalysts respectively.
Tunable molecular editing of indoles with fluoroalkyl carbenes
Authors: Liu Shaopeng , Yang Yong , Song Qingmin , Liu Zhaohong , Lu Ying , Wang Zhanjing , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Bi Xihe
Published: February 2023

Building molecular complexity from simple feedstocks through peripheral and skeletal editing is central to modern organic synthesis. Nevertheless, a controllable strategy that can modify both the core skeleton and periphery of an aromatic heterocycle with a common substrate remains undeveloped, despite its potential to maximize structural diversity and applications. Here we report a fluoroalkyl carbene-initiated chemodivergent molecular editing of indoles, allowing both skeletal and peripheral editing by trapping electrophilic fluoroalkyl carbene generated in situ from fluoroalkyl N-triftosylhydrazones. A variety of fluorine-containing N-heterocyclic scaffolds could be efficiently achieved through the tunable chemoselective editing reactions at skeleton or periphery of the indole, including one-carbon insertion, C3−H gem-difluoroolefination, tandem cyclopropanation/N1−H gem-difluoroolefination, and cyclopropanation. Mechanistic experiments and computations have probed the reaction mechanism and the origins of chemo- and regioselectivity.
Environmental regulation intensity, green finance, and environmental sustainability: empirical evidence from China based on spatial metrology
Authors: DENG WENYUEYANG , Zhang Zenglian
Published: February 2023

Carbon emissions are closely related to human activities. China has become the largest carbon dioxide emitter in the world because of its extensive use of high-carbon energy. The price paid by the deterioration of China's environmental quality is about 3%-8% of the total GDP yearly, and environmental sustainability is declining. Therefore, it is urgent to play the role of environmental regulation and introduce green funds to lower the carbon cycle and green development. Therefore, based on the data from 30 provinces from 2004 to 2019, this paper uses a spatial econometric model to consider the dynamic impact of environmental regulation intensity and green financial development on regional environmental sustainability. The research shows that:(1) China’s local environmental sustainability shows a noticeable spatial agglomeration effect, which is significant and spatially autocorrelated and clustered. (2) Based on the national level, the improvement of environmental regulation intensity will significantly improve regional environmental sustainability, and the development of green finance will also significantly improve regional environmental sustainability. Additionally, the intensity of environmental regulation has a significant positive spatial spillover effect, which may increase environmental sustainability in neighboring provinces. The impact of green financial development on environmental sustainability also has a significant positive spatial spillover effect. (3) Based on the provincial level, environmental regulation and green financial development have a significant positive impact on the environmental sustainability of each region, with the most significant impact on the western region, the northeast and central regions in the middle, and the east coefficient being the smallest. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward the "5R" model to comprehensively promote the sustainable improvement of the regional environment.
Asymptomatic Monkey Pox Virus Infection: a Self-sampling Screening Intervention Adressed to Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men and Trans Women in Spain
Authors: Agusti Cristina , Martínez-Riveros Héctor , Hernández-Rodríguez Àgueda , Casañ Cristina , Díaz Yesika , Alonso Lucía , Martró Elisa , Muñoz-Basagoiti Jordana , Gallemí Marçal , Folch Cinta , Sönmez Ibrahim , Adell Héctor , Villar Marta , de León Alexia París , Martinez-Puchol Sandra , Pelegrin Andreu C , Perez-Zsolt Daniel , Raïch-Regué Dàlia , Mora Rubén , Villegas Luis , Clotet Bonaventura , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria , Cardona Pere-Joan , Casabona Jordi
Published: February 2023

We aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic cases of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and trans women (TW), using a self-sampling strategy. Anal and pharyngeal swabs were tested by MPXV real-time PCR and positive samples inoculated into Vero E6 cells, which were subsequently checked for cytopathic effect (CPE).
Seven out 113 participants were MPXV positive (6.19% (95% CI: 1.75%-10.64%)). Five tested positive in pharyngeal swabs, one in anal swab and one in both. Six did not present symptoms recognized as MPXV infection. Three samples were positive for CPE, and showed anti-vaccinia pAb staining by FACS and confocal microscopy.
We describe Mpox cases that remain undiagnosed and show reproductive virus despite low viral loads and who might be able to infect others. Restricting testing to individuals reporting Mpox symptoms may not be enough to contain outbreaks.
Association rule mining with fuzzy linguistic information based on attribute partial ordered structure
Authors: Pang Kuo , Li Shaoxiong , Lu Yifan , Kang Ning , Zou Li , Lu Mingyu
Published: February 2023

Numerous linguistically valued facts from the actual world have been modeled using the fuzzy linguistic approaches. Data owners urgently need to mine attribute associations hidden in linguistic concept knowledge. In order to solve the problem of association rule mining with fuzzy linguistic information, this paper proposes an association rule mining approach based on fuzzy linguistic attribute partial ordered structure diagram. Firstly, complex relationships between linguistic values in association rule mining are represented by fuzzy linguistic association nodes and association paths via fuzzy linguistic attribute partial ordered structure diagram (FL-APOSD). On this basis, the maximum frequent attribute set is mined from the FL-APOSD, and then the non-redundancy association rules are extracted. Secondly, in order to show the information hidden in the rules and help users to deeply understand the mining results, a fuzzy linguistic association rule visualization approach is proposed to convert the association rules into the FL-APOSD-based knowledge representation. Finally, experimental results on real-world datasets show the proposed approach's high efficiency, outperforming two relevant state-of-the-art approaches.
HCT Frailty Scale for Younger and Older Adults Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Kumar Rajat , Salas Maria , Atenafu Eshetu , Pasic Ivan , Bascom Ora , Wilson Leeann , Lam Wilson , Law Arjun , Chen Carol , Novitzky-Basso Igor , Kim Dennis , Gerbitz Armin , Viswabandya Auro , Michelis Fotios , Lipton Jeffrey , Mattsson Jonas , Alibhai Shabbir
Published: February 2023

The HCT Frailty Scale is an easy prognostic tool composed of (a) Clinical Frailty Scale; (b) Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; (c) Timed-up-and-Go test; (d) Grip Strength; (e) Self-Health Rated Questionnaire; (f) Falls tests; (g) Albumin and C-reactive protein levels. This scale was designed to classify allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) candidates into fit, pre-frail and frail groups, irrespective of age. This study evaluates the ability of this frailty classification to predict overall survival (OS) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) in adult patients of all ages, in a prospective sample of 298 patients transplanted between 2018 and 2020. At first consultation, 103 (34.6%) patients were fit, 148 (49.7%) pre-frail, and 47 (15.8%) were frail. The 2-year OS and NRM of the three groups were 82.9%, 67.4%, and 48.3% (P<0.001), and 5.4%, 19.2%, and 37.7% (P<0.001). For patients younger than 60 years (n=174), the 2-year OS and NRM of fit, pre-frail, and frail groups were 88.4%, 69,3% and 53.1% (P=0.002), and 5.8%, 22,8%, and 34.8% (P=0.005), respectively; and in patients older than 60 (n=124), OS and NRM were 75.5%, 63.8% and 41.4% (P=0.006), and 4.9%, 16.4%, and 42.1% (P=0.001). In conclusion, frailty predicted worse transplant outcomes in both younger and older adults.
Parechovirus infections in human brain organoids: host immune response and not neuro-infectivity as a correlate of neuropathology
Authors: Capendale Pamela , García-Rodríguez Inés , Mulder Lance , Depla Josse , Freeze Eline , Koen Gerrit , de Sá Renata Vieira , Calitz Carlemi , Pajkrt Dasja , Srid Adithya , Wolthers Katja
Published: February 2023

Parechovirus A (PeV-A) is a species in the Picornaviridae family that can cause a variety of diseases, mainly in children.The most prevalent genotype, PeV-A1, can causes mild respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms while the second most prevalent genotype, PeV-A3 can elicit severe neurological disease such as meningoencephalitis in infants. The factors determining differential outcomes between genotypes are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the viral dynamics and tropism of PeV-A1 and PeV-A3 infection in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived unguided neural organoids (UNOs). UNOs supported PeV-A1 and PeV-A3 replication, as measured by RT-qPCR and confirmed by TCID50. Both genotypes showed similar cell tropism and infected neurons and astrocytes. Despite replicating up to a higher titre as compared to PeV-A3, PeV-A1 infection showed no significant cytokine upregulation while PeV-A3 infection resulted in an increased production of IFN-λ1 and CXCL10. This effect was also seen for Echovirus 11, another picornaviruses resulting in neurological disease. Blocking the IFN-pathway with Ruxolitinib resulted in enhanced replication of PeV-A3 indicating IFN-mediated restriction of PeV-A3 replication. This genotype-specific immune response could explain the exacerbated PeV-A3 associated severe clinical neuropathology.
Stable Trapping of Multiple Proteins at Physiological Conditions Using Nanoscale Chambers with Macromolecular Gates
Authors: Svirelis Justas , Adali-Kaya Zeynep , Emilsson Gustav , Andersson John , Medin Jesper , Vattikunta Radhika , Hulander Mats , Kolman Krzysztof , Olsson Oliver , Sakiyama Yusuke , Lim Roderick , Dahlin Andreas
Published: February 2023

The possibility to detect and analyze single or few biological molecules has proven very important for understanding their function and interaction mechanisms. Ideally, the molecules should be confined to a nanoscale volume so that the observation time can be extended. However, it has proven difficult to develop reliable, non-invasive trapping techniques for biomolecules under physiological conditions. Here we present a new concept for long-term and tether-free trapping of proteins without exposing them to any field gradient forces. We show that a responsive polymer brush can make solid state nanopores switch between a fully open and a fully closed state with respect to proteins, while always allowing the passage of solvent, ions and small molecules (up to ~1 kg/mol). This makes it possible to trap a very high number of proteins (500-1000) inside nanoscale chambers with a volume as small as one attoliter, reaching concentrations up to 60 g/L, which is orders of magnitude higher than for existing container-based technologies. Additionally, our method is fully compatible with parallelization by imaging arrays of nanochambers. As an application example, we show that enzymatic cascade reactions can be performed with multiple native enzymes under full nanoscale confinement and steady supply of reactants. This platform will greatly extend the possibilities of single/few molecule analysis by optical methods, and should be particularly useful for studying protein-protein interactions, such as the dynamics of oligomerization.
The design of crosslinks in different vulcanized systems to improve crack growth resistance for carbon black/graphene oxide/ natural rubber composites
Authors: Li Zhiwei , An Dong , He Rizheng , Sun Zhijian , Li Jiaxiong , Zhang Zhiyi , Liu Yaqing , Wong Chingping
Published: February 2023

Herein, the carbon black/graphene oxide/natural rubber composites (CB/GO/NR) with different crosslink networks were prepared through the latex co-precipitation approach. Meanwhile, the type of crosslinks on the crack propagation resistance and fatigue life in different vulcanized systems were investigated. As a result, CB/GO/NR composites dominated by polysulfide in conventional vulcanization (CV) system exhibited the improved tear strength (71.6 KN/m) and lowest crack growth rate (64.1 nm/cycle), the developed crosslink network and polysulfide based crosslink structure in CV system were the key factors to improve the crack propagation resistance. In addition, the relationship between viscoelasticity and dynamic crack propagation behavior of CB/GO/NR was studied, and the CV system had the lowest loss compliance modulus( J "), thus more energy dissipation occurred in the crack propagation region and the crack propagation resistance of CV system was improved. Importantly, this work can provide the guideline for designing the rubber-based composites in the practical engineering applications.
Anticancer activity of lycopene in HT-29 colon cancer cell line
Authors: Ataseven Dilara , Öztürk Ayşegül , Özkaraca Mustafa , Joha Zıad
Published: February 2023

Purpose: An inverse association between serum lycopene levels and risk of cancers has been pointed out by many prospective and retrospective epidemiological studies which prompted more studies to be performed on animal models and cell cultures in order to test this hypothesis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of lycopene on colon cancer HT-29 cell lines.
Materials and Methods: The effect of lycopene on the viability of HT-29 cell line was investigated using XTT assay. the levels of BCL-2, cleaved caspase 3, BAX, cleaved PARP and 8-oxo-dG in lycopene-treated HT-29 cells were measured using ELISA. gamma-H2AX and cytochrome C expression was assessed semi-quantitatively using immunofluorescence staining.
Results: Lycopene at doses of 10 and 20 μM produced a significant antiproliferative effect on HT-29 cells compared to the control (p < 0.05). The IC50 value of lycopene in HT-29 cells was found to be 4.382 μM for 24 hours. Lycopene (4.382 μM) significantly elevated cleaved caspase 3 (p <0.01), BAX, and cleaved PARP, 8-oxo-dG levels (p<0.05). the levels of γ-H2AX foci are significantly higher while the levels of cytochrome-C are lower (p<0.05) in lycopene treated HT-29 cells.
Conclusion: These results indicate that lycopene has an antiproliferative apoptotic and genotoxic effect on HT-29 colon cancer cell lines.
The multi-kinase inhibitor CG-806 exerts anti-cancer activity against acute myeloid leukemia by co-targeting FLT3, BTK, and Aurora kinases
Authors: Yu Guopan , Zhang Weiguo , Zhang Hongying , Ly Charlie , Basyal Mahesh , Rice William G. , Andreeff Michael
Published: February 2023

Background: Despite the development of several FLT3 inhibitors that have improved outcomes in patients with FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemias (AML), drug resistance is frequently observed, which may be associated with the activation of additional pro-survival pathways such as those regulated by BTK, aurora kinases, and potentially others in addition to acquired tyrosine kinase domains (TKD) mutations of FLT3 gene. FLT3may not always be a driver mutation.
Objective: To evaluate the anti-leukemia efficacy of the novel multi-kinase inhibitor CG-806, which targets FLT3 and other kinases, in order to circumvent drug resistance and target FLT3 wild-type (WT) cells.
Methods: The anti-leukemia activity of CG-806 was investigated by measuring apoptosis induction and analyzing cell cycle with flow cytometry in vitro, and its anti-leukemia
Results: CG-806 demonstrated superior anti-leukemia efficacy compared to commercially available FLT3 inhibitors, both in vitro and in vivo, regardless of FLT3 mutational status. The mechanism of action of CG-806 may involve its broad inhibitory profile of FLT3, BTK, and aurora kinases. InFLT3 mutant cells, CG-806 induced G1 phase blockage, while in FLT3WT cells, it resulted in G2/M arrest. Targeting FLT3 and Bcl-2 and/or Mcl-1 simultaneously resulted in a synergistic pro-apoptotic effect in FLT3mutant leukemia cells.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that CG-806 is a promising multi-kinase inhibitor with anti-leukemia efficacy, regardless of FLT3 mutational status. A phase 1 clinical trial of CG-806 for the treatment of AML has been initiated (NCT04477291).
Political teaching application in high vocational care courses based on machine learning systems
Authors: Zhou Zixia , Liu Yang
Published: February 2023

Higher vocational colleges need to use video system technology to transform teaching methods to transform ideological and political teaching into more vivid, more attractive and infectious forms, thereby effectively assisting students to actively learn. This article studies a video system based on machine learning, and has developed a type of high -vocational nursing course political teaching system. The system uses the principle of machine learning to build a learning early warning monitoring algorithm, then the performance and accuracy of the model are evaluated by using the algorithm.This article finds that the module can extract the hidden characteristics of traffic, and is not affected by the knowledge. The design of the high -vocational nursing course political teaching system is equipped with multiple modules such as video on -demand, management, interaction, and recording. Compared with the group comparison, it is very efficient to find that the high -vocational nursing course political teaching system in this article is very efficient. This article studies machine learning technology and applies it to the construction process of high -vocational nursing curriculum political teaching video systems.
Prevalence and demographic variation of cardiovascular, renal, metabolic, and mental health conditions in 12 million English primary care records
Authors: Cooper Jennifer , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Crowe Francesca , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , McCowan Colin , Jackson Thomas , Acharya Aditya , Gokhale Krishna , Gunathilaka Niluka , Marshall Tom , Haroon Shamil
Published: February 2023

Background
Primary care electronic health records (EHR) are widely used to study long-term conditions in epidemiological and health services research. Therefore, it is important to understand how well the recorded prevalence of these conditions in EHRs, compares to other reliable sources overall, and varies by socio-demographic characteristics. We aimed to describe the prevalence and socio-demographic variation of cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic (CRM) and mental health (MH) conditions in a large, nationally representative, English primary care database and compare with prevalence estimates from other population-based studies.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum primary care database. We calculated prevalence of 18 conditions and used logistic regression to assess how this varied by age, sex, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. We searched the literature for population prevalence estimates from other sources for comparison with the prevalences in CPRD Aurum.
Results
Depression (16.0%, 95%CI 16.0-16.0%) and hypertension (15.3%, 95%CI 15.2-15.3%) were the most prevalent conditions among 12.4 million patients. Prevalence of most conditions increased with socio-economic deprivation and age. CRM conditions, schizophrenia and substance misuse were higher in men, whilst anxiety, depression, bipolar and eating disorders were more common in women. Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) were more prevalent in black and Asian patients compared with white, but the trends in prevalence of cardiovascular diseases by ethnicity were more variable. The recorded prevalences of mental health conditions were typically twice as high in white patients compared with other ethnic groups. However, PTSD and schizophrenia were more prevalent in black patients.
The prevalence of most conditions was similar or higher in the primary care database than diagnosed disease prevalence reported in national health surveys. However, screening studies typically reported higher prevalence estimates than primary care data, especially for PTSD, bipolar disorder and eating disorders.
Conclusions
The prevalence of many clinically diagnosed conditions in primary care records closely matched that of other sources. However, we found important variations by sex and ethnicity, which may reflect true variation in prevalence or systematic differences in clinical presentation and practice. Primary care data may underrepresent the prevalence of undiagnosed conditions, particularly in mental health.
Long-term intake of Lacticaseibacillus helveticus enhances bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids in the mouse retina
Authors:   Marie-Agnè BRINGER, Lapaquette Pierre , Terrat Sébastien , Proukhnitzky Lil , Martine Lucy , Grégoire Stéphane , Buteau Bénédicte , Cabaret Stéphanie , Rieu Aurélie , Bermudez-Humaran Luis G. , Gabrielle Pierre-Henry , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine , Berdeaux Olivier , Acar Niyazi
Published: February 2023

Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are required for the structure and function of the retina. They could also help to prevent or delay the development of retinopathies. Given the accumulating evidence showing the role of gut microbiota in regulating retinal physiology and host lipid metabolism, we evaluated the potential of long-term dietary supplementation with the Gram-positive bacterium Lacticaseibacillus helveticus strain VEL12193 to modulate the retinal n-3 PUFA content. A set of complementary approaches was used to study the impact of such a supplementation on the gut microbiota and host lipid/fatty acid (FA) metabolism. L. helveticus-supplementation was associated with a decrease in retinal saturated FAs (SFAs) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) as well as an increase in retinal n-3 and omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs. Interestingly, supplementation with L. helveticus enriched the retina in C22:5n-3 (docosapentaenoic acid, DPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), C18:2n-6 (linoleic acid, LA) and C20:3n-6 (dihomo gamma-linolenic acid, DGLA). Long-term consumption of L. helveticus also modulated gut microbiota composition and some changes in OTUs abundance correlated with the retinal FA content. This study provides a proof of concept that targeting the gut microbiota could be an effective strategy to modulate the retinal FA content, including that of protective n-3 PUFAs, thus opening paths for the design of novel preventive and/or therapeutical strategies for retinopathies.
Surface finishing and change in residual stress of AMed titanium alloy by combination of grit blasting and large-area EB irradiation
Authors: Shinonaga Togo , Kobayashi Hiroya , Okada Akira , Tsuji Toshiya
Published: February 2023

Additively manufactured (AMed) titanium products are typically produced by electron beam melting (EBM), since oxidation of titanium alloy surface can be suppressed in vacuum ambience. The surface roughness of AMed titanium products becomes more than 200µmRz, and the very rough surface would lead to reduction in surface strength. Therefore, a post surface finishing process is required. Abrasive blasting is one of the common surface smoothing processes of AMed metal products. Large surface roughness can be decreased, and compressive residual stress can be introduced to the surface. However, there is a limitation to reduction of surface roughness to several µmRz. On the other hand, it was recently found that AMed metal surface produced by powder bed fusion with laser beam could be smoothed by large-area electron beam (LEB) irradiation. However, it is difficult to smooth surface with large initial surface roughness, and a tensile residual stress may be generated on the surface. In this study, surface finishing and change in residual stress of AMed titanium alloy were proposed by combination of grit blasting and LEB irradiation. Surface roughness of AMed titanium alloy significantly decreases from 265µmRz to about 2.0µmRz by combination of grit blasting and LEB irradiation. Reduction rate of surface roughness by LEB irradiation linearly increases with decreasing mean width of blasted surface. Influence of the mean width on smoothing effect by LEB irradiation can be explained by thermo-fluid analysis. Moreover, tensile residual stress caused by LEB irradiation can be reduced when LEB is irradiated to blasted surface.