bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NaB3O5·0.5H2O and NH4NaB6O10: Two Cluster Open Frameworks with Chiral Quartz and Achiral Primitive Cubic Nets Constructed from Oxo Boron Cluster Building Units
Authors: Wang Jun‐Hua , Cheng Jian‐Wen , Wei Qi , He Huan , Yang Bai‐Feng , Yang Guo‐Yu
Published: August 2014

Two new cluster open framework borates, NaB3O5·0.5H2O (1) and NH4NaB6O10 (2) have been made under solvothermal conditions and characterized by IR, emission, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The common structural features contain the oxoboron cluster building units, B3O7 and B6O13 cluster units for 1 and 2, in which the B3O7 and B6O13 clusters act as 4‐ and 6‐connected nodes to further link each other, resulting in chiral qtz and achiral pcu nets, respectively.
Controls on knickpoint migration in a drainage network of the moderately uplifted Ardennes Plateau, Western Europe
Authors: Beckers A. , Bovy B. , Hallot E. , Demoulin A.
Published: August 2014

Much research has been devoted to the development of numerical models of river incision. In settings where bedrock channel erosion prevails, numerous studies have used field data to calibrate the widely acknowledged stream power model of incision and to discuss the impact of variables that do not appear explicitly in the model's simplest form. However, most studies have been conducted in areas of active tectonics, displaying a clear geomorphic response to the tectonic signal. Here, we analyze the traces left in the drainage network 0.7 My after the Ardennes region (western Europe) underwent a moderate 100–150 m uplift. We identify a set of knickpoints that have traveled far upstream in the Ourthe catchment, following this tectonic perturbation. Using a misfit function based on time residuals, our best fit of the stream power model parameters yields m = 0.75 and K = 4.63 × 10‐8 m‐0.5y‐1. Linear regression of the model time residuals against quantitative expressions of bedrock resistance to erosion shows that this variable does not correlate significantly with the residuals. By contrast, proxies for position in the drainage system prove to be able to explain 76% of the residual variance. High time residuals correlate with knickpoint position in small tributaries located in the downstream part of the Ourthe catchment, where some threshold was reached very early in the catchment's incision history. Removing the knickpoints stopped at such thresholds from the data set, we calculate an improved m = 0.68 and derive a scaling exponent of channel width against drainage area of 0.32, consistent with the average value compiled by Lague for steady state incising bedrock rivers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty quantification for evaluating the impacts of fracture zone on pressure build‐up and ground surface uplift during geological CO2 sequestration
Authors: Bao Jie , Hou Zhangshuan , Fang Yilin , Ren Huiying , Lin Guang
Published: August 2014

A series of numerical test cases reflecting broad and realistic ranges of geological formation and fracture zone properties was developed to systematically evaluate the impacts of fracture zone on pressure build‐up and ground surface uplift during CO2 injection. Numerical test cases were conducted using a coupled hydro‐geomechanical simulator, eSTOMP‐RBSM (extreme‐scale Subsurface Transport over Multiple Phases, rigid‐body‐spring model). For efficient sensitivity analysis and reliable construction of a reduced‐order model, a quasi‐Monte Carlo sampling method was applied to effectively sample a high‐dimensional input parameter space to explore uncertainties associated with hydrologic properties. The uncertainty quantification results show that the impacts on geomechanical response from the fracture zone mainly depend on reservoir and fracture zone permeability. When the fracture zone permeability is two to three orders of magnitude smaller than the reservoir permeability, the fracture zone can be considered as an impermeable block that resists fluid transport in the reservoir, which causes pressure increase near the fracture zone. When the fracture zone permeability is close to the reservoir permeability, or higher than 10−15 m2 in this study, the fracture zone can be considered as a conduit that penetrates the caprock, connecting the fluid flow between the reservoir and the upper rock.© 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Safe prescribing of physical health medication in patients with dementia
Authors: Bishara Delia , Harwood Daniel
Published: August 2014

Objective

The prescription of multiple medications for older people is common, despite concerns over the dangers associated with this. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of medication, and this is an even greater risk in patients with dementia. Many drugs used for physical health conditions can negatively affect cognition. Our aim was to identify areas of concern and which drugs to avoid in patients with dementia.

Design

A review of the literature was carried out using Pubmed, Medline and Embase.

Results

Many drugs used for physical health conditions may worsen the symptoms of dementia. They do this either by negating the effects of cognitive enhancers or through direct adverse effects on cognition

Conclusions

Where evidence exists, we provide guidance as to the safest drugs to prescribe in particular clinical situations. Anticholinergic drugs should be avoided in dementia wherever possible. Effective pain management is important in older patients, but caution should be used when selecting an opioid analgesic because of their adverse central effects. Cardiac drugs have overall negligible effects on cognition, although some have been reported to cause delirium. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct measurement of planar flow rate in an excised canine larynx model
Authors: Oren Liran , Khosla Sid , Dembinski Doug , Ying Jun , Gutmark Ephraim
Published: August 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

During phonation, skewing of the glottal flow waveform (Q) refers to a phenomenon that occurs when the flow decelerates more rapidly than it accelerates. This skewing is clinically important because it increases the glottal efficiency, which is defined by the acoustic intensity (sound pressure level) divided by the subglottal pressure. Current theoretical models predict that the only mechanism to cause skewing of Q involves changes in the vocal tract inertance. The purpose of the current work is to show that other factors at the vocal fold level can also cause skewing of Q and to determine if the acoustic intensity is correlated with maximum flow declination rate.

Study Design

Basic science.

Methods

Intraglottal geometry and velocity measurements were taken in five canine larynges at the mid‐membranous plane using 2‐dimensional particle imaging velocimetry (PIV). The flow rate at the glottal exit was computed from the PIV measurements for low, medium, and high subglottal pressures.

Results

Vortices form in the superior aspect of the divergent glottis during closing. These vortices produce negative pressure that increases both the maximum value of Q and the rapid deceleration of the flow. The skewing of the flow rate is increased as the intraglottal vortices are increased by increasing the subglottal pressure. The increase in the acoustic intensity is highly correlated with certain properties of the flow rate waveform, such as maximum flow rate.

Conclusion

Flow skewing and the acoustic intensity can be increased by increasing the intraglottal vortices.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 125:383–388, 2015
Pediatric Sialendoscopy: Initial experience in a pediatric otolaryngology group practice
Authors: Semensohn Ryan , Spektor Zorik , Kay David J. , Archilla Alfredo S. , Mandell David L.
Published: August 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

To describe the initial results of sialendoscopy as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in pediatric inflammatory salivary gland disease.

Study Design

Retrospective review of patient medical records from a private practice consisting of three fellowship‐trained pediatric otolaryngologists.

Methods

Consecutive pediatric patients with either recurrent or chronic sialadenitis underwent diagnostic and therapeutic sialendoscopy as an alternative to continued antibiotic therapy or surgical gland excision. Data collected included age, gender, indications for surgery, intraoperative findings, complications, recurrences, follow‐up intervals, and need for additional procedures.

Results

Twelve pediatric patients underwent sialendsocopy (9 cases of juvenile recurrent parotitis, 3 cases of chronic submandibular sialadenitis. Intraoperative findings included ductal stricture (n = 8), thick intraductal mucus (n = 6), and ductal calculus (n = 1). The only postoperative complication was one case of a submandibular gland, which remained enlarged for 1 month postoperatively before resolving. Average follow‐up was 16.5 months (range: 1–49 months), during which time two patients had recurrence (17%). One patient had repeated recurrences that only resolved after salvage parotidectomy. Another patient had one isolated recurrence that resolved with antibiotics. To date, 92% of patients have not required any further surgical intervention after a sialendoscopy procedure.

Conclusions

Sialendoscopy was successfully implemented as a safe and effective technique for management of recurrent and chronic parotid and submandibular sialadenitis in a pediatric otolaryngology practice.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 125:480–484, 2015
Spatiotemporal characteristics of swallowing in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kim Yeo H. , Oh Byung‐Mo , Jung II‐Young , Lee Jung C. , Lee Goo J. , Han Tai R.
Published: August 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate spatiotemporal movement abnormalities during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to investigate relationships between disease and dysphagia severities.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Methods

We performed two‐dimensional motion analysis of the hyoid bone, epiglottis, and vocal folds using videofluoroscopic images from 33 PD patients and 33 age‐matched, healthy controls. The outcome measures were spatial and temporal movement variables during swallowing. Additionally, three subgroups of patients were compared based on the Hoehn and Yahr scale to identify the relationship between disease and dysphagia severities.

Results

Individuals with PD showed a reduced anterior hyoid bone displacement after normalization for each individual. The maximal angle of the epiglottic rotation was smaller in PD patients. The time to maximal displacement of the hyoid bone, epiglottis, and vocal folds were significantly delayed in PD patients (P = 0.001, 0.002, and < 0.001, respectively); the mean velocities of the hyoid bone and epiglottic movements were also reduced in PD patients (P < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). The velocity curves of the hyoid bone revealed more peaks in individuals with PD, representing incoordination during swallowing. Clinical disease severity was related to level of diet and supervision but not with dysphagia severity.

Conclusion

This study shows that oropharyngeal bradykinesia, incoordination, reduced anterior hyoid bone movement, and decreased epiglottic rotation angle during swallowing are the most noticeable findings in individuals with PD.

Level of Evidence

N/A. Laryngoscope, 125:389–395, 2015
Transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal and tongue cancer in the United States
Authors: Chung Thomas K. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Magnuson J. Scott , Carroll William R.
Published: August 2014

Objectives/Hypothesis

To compare the clinical and cost outcomes of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) versus open procedures following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval in December 2009.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2008 to 2011.

Methods

Elective partial pharyngectomies and partial glossectomies for neoplasm were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification code.

Results

TORS represented 2.1% in 2010 and 2.2% in 2011 of all transoral ablative procedures. Patients undergoing open partial pharyngectomy for oropharyngeal neoplasms (n = 1426) had more severe illness compared to TORS (n = 641). However, after controlling for minor‐to‐moderate severity of illness, open partial pharyngectomy was associated with longer hospital stay (5.2 vs. 3.7 days, P < 0.001), higher charge ($98,228 vs. $67,317, P < 0.001), higher cost ($29,365 vs. $20,706, P < 0.001), higher rates of tracheostomy and gastrostomy tube placement, and more wound and bleeding complications. TORS was associated with a higher rate of dysphagia (19.5% vs. 8.0%, P < 0.001). The lower cost of TORS remained significant in the major‐to‐extreme severity of illness group but was associated with higher complication rates when compared to open cases of the same severity of illness. A similar analysis of TORS partial glossectomy for base of tongue tumors had similar cost and length of stay benefits, whereas TORS partial glossectomy for anterior tongue tumors revealed longer hospital stays and no benefit in charge or cost compared to open.

Conclusions

Early data demonstrate a clinical and cost benefit in TORS partial pharyngectomy and partial glossectomy for the base of tongue but no benefit in partial glossectomy of the anterior tongue. It is likely that anatomic accessibility and extent of surgery factor into the effectiveness of TORS.

Level of Evidence

2c. Laryngoscope, 125:140–145, 2015
TAX AND DEVELOPMENT: DONOR SUPPORT TO STRENGTHEN TAX SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Fjeldstad Odd‐Helge
Published: August 2014

Recent years have seen a growing interest among donors on taxation in developing countries. This reflects a concern for domestic revenue mobilisation to finance public goods and services, as well as recognition of the centrality of taxation for growth and redistribution. The global financial crisis has also led many donor countries to pay more attention to the extent and effectiveness of the aid they provide and to ensuring that they support rather than discourage developing countries' own revenue‐raising efforts. This article reviews the state of knowledge on aid and tax reform in developing countries, with a particular focus on Sub‐Saharan Africa. The article argues that considerable and sustained efforts are required before the tax systems in most low‐income countries will be significantly broadened and perceived as legitimate by the majority of citizens. Thus, donors should complement the traditional ‘technical’ approach to tax reform with measures that encourage constructive engagement between governments and citizens over tax issues. Finally, the article cautions against potential problems of donor duplication and fragmentation, which may weaken reform efforts by diverting local capacities, reducing local ownership and undermining the coherence of reform programmes. © 2014 The Authors. Public Administration and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The pig as an animal model for human pathologies: A proteomics perspective
Authors: Bassols Anna , Costa Cristina , Eckersall P. David , Osada Jesús , Sabrià Josefa , Tibau Joan
Published: August 2014

Traditional biomedical models are easy to manage in experimental facilities and allow fast and affordable basic genetic studies related to human disorders, but in some cases they do not always represent the complexity of their physiology. Translational medicine demands selected models depending on the particularities of the human disease to be investigated, reproducing as closely as possible the evolution, clinical symptoms and molecular pathways, cells or tissues involved in the dysfunction. Thus, pig models offer an alternative because of their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans and the availability of genomic, transcriptomic and, progressively more, proteomic tools for analysis of this species. Furthermore, there is a wide range of natural, selected and transgenic porcine breeds. The present review provides a summary of the applications of the pig as a model for metabolic, cardiovascular, infectious diseases, xenotransplantation and neurological disorders and an overview of the possibilities that the diverse proteomic techniques offer to study these pathologies in depth.
Establishment of multiple pesticide biodegradation capacities from pesticide‐primed materials in on‐farm biopurification system microcosms treating complex pesticide‐contaminated wastewater
Authors: Sniegowski Kristel , Springael Dirk
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND

On‐farm biopurification systems (BPSs) treat pesticide‐containing wastewater at farms by biodegradation and sorption processes. The inclusion of pesticide‐primed material carrying a pesticide‐degrading microbial community is beneficial for improving biodegradation, but no data exist for treating wastewater containing multiple pesticides, as often occurs on farms. In a microcosm set‐up, an examination was carried out to determine whether multiple pesticide degradation activities could be simultaneously established in the matrix of a BPS by the simultaneous inclusion of different, appropriate pesticide‐primed materials. The microcosms were fed with a mixture of pesticides including the fungicide metalaxyl and the herbicides bentazon, isoproturon, linuron and metamitron, and pesticide‐degrading activities were monitored over time.

RESULTS

The strategy immediately provided the microcosms with a multiple pesticide degradation/mineralisation capacity, which improved during feeding of the pesticide mixture. Not only did the degradation of the parent compound improve but also that of the produced metabolites and compound mineralisation. The time to achieve maximum degradation/mineralisation capacity depended on the pesticide degradation capacity of the pesticide‐primed materials.

CONCLUSIONS

The data obtained show that the addition of pesticide‐primed materials into the matrix of a BPS as an approach to improve biodegradation can be extended to the treatment of pesticide mixtures. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A project management improvement program according to ISO/IEC 29110 and PMBOK®
Authors: Mesquida Antoni‐Lluís , Mas Antonia
Published: August 2014

This paper describes the results obtained and the lessons learned from the implementation of the ISO/IEC 29110 standard in four small software development companies, clustered in a joint process improvement program. The main results of this initiative have been, on the one hand, the definition of a standardized set of processes and procedures and, on the other, the development of a Process Asset Library to support project management good practices within the participant organizations. The PMBOK® Guide was used to complement the ISO/IEC 29110‐5‐1‐2 standard, in order to provide detailed knowledge about project management inputs, outputs, and best techniques. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eigenvalues of Toeplitz minimal systems of finite topological rank
Authors: DURAND FABIEN , FRANK ALEXANDER , MAASS ALEJANDRO
Published: August 2014

In this paper we characterize measure-theoretical eigenvalues of Toeplitz Bratteli–Vershik minimal systems of finite topological rank which are not associated to a continuous eigenfunction. Several examples are provided to illustrate the different situations that can occur.
Invariant coupling of determinantal measures on sofic groups
Authors: LYONS RUSSELL , THOM ANDREAS
Published: August 2014

To any positive contraction $Q$ on $\ell ^{2}(W)$, there is associated a determinantal probability measure $\mathbf{P}^{Q}$ on $2^{W}$, where $W$ is a denumerable set. Let ${\rm\Gamma}$ be a countable sofic finitely generated group and $G=({\rm\Gamma},\mathsf{E})$ be a Cayley graph of ${\rm\Gamma}$. We show that if $Q_{1}$ and $Q_{2}$ are two ${\rm\Gamma}$-equivariant positive contractions on $\ell ^{2}({\rm\Gamma})$ or on $\ell ^{2}(\mathsf{E})$ with $Q_{1}\leq Q_{2}$, then there exists a ${\rm\Gamma}$-invariant monotone coupling of the corresponding determinantal probability measures witnessing the stochastic domination $\mathbf{P}^{Q_{1}}\preccurlyeq \mathbf{P}^{Q_{2}}$. In particular, this applies to the wired and free uniform spanning forests, which was known before only when ${\rm\Gamma}$ is residually amenable. In the case of spanning forests, we also give a second more explicit proof, which has the advantage of showing an explicit way to create the free uniform spanning forest as a limit over a sofic approximation. Another consequence of our main result is to prove that all determinantal probability measures $\mathbf{P}^{Q}$ as above are $\bar{d}$-limits of finitely dependent processes. Thus, when ${\rm\Gamma}$ is amenable, $\mathbf{P}^{Q}$ is isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift, which was known before only when ${\rm\Gamma}$ is abelian. We also prove analogous results for sofic unimodular random rooted graphs.
Levels of circulating anti-muscarinic and anti-adrenergic antibodies and their effect on cardiac arrhythmias and dysautonomia in murine models of Chagas disease
Authors: DALIRY ANISSA , PEREIRA ISABELA RESENDE , PEREIRA-JUNIOR PEDRO PAULO , RAMOS ISALIRA PEROBA , VILAR-PEREIRA GLAUCIA , SILVARES RAQUEL RANGEL , LANNES-VIEIRA JOSELI , CAMPOS DE CARVALHO ANTÔNIO CARLOS
Published: August 2014

Antibodies (Ab) recognizing G-protein coupled receptors, such asβ1andβ2adrenergic (anti-β1-AR and anti-β2-AR, respectively) and muscarinic cholinergic receptors (anti-M2-CR) may contribute to cardiac damage, however their role in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is still controversial. We describe thatTrypanosoma cruzi-infected C3H/He mice show increased P and QRS wave duration, and PR and QTc intervals, while the most significant ECG alterations in C57BL/6 are prolonged P wave and PR interval. Echocardiogram analyses show right ventricle dilation in infected animals of both mouse lineages. Analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) in chronically infected C3H/He mice show no alteration of the evaluated parameters, while C57BL/6 infected mice display significantly lower values of HRV components, suggesting autonomic dysfunction. The time-course analysis of anti-β1-AR, anti-β2-AR and anti-M2-CR Ab titres in C3H/He infected mice indicate that anti-β1-AR Ab are detected only in the chronic phase, while anti-β2-AR and anti-M2-CR are observed in the acute phase, diminish at 60 dpi and increase again in the chronic phase. Chronically infected C57BL/6 mice presented a significant increase in only anti-M2-CR Ab titres. Furthermore, anti-β1-AR, anti-β2-AR and anti-M2-CR, exhibit significantly higher prevalence in chronicallyT. cruzi-infected C3H/He mice when compared with C57BL/6. These observations suggest thatT. cruziinfection leads to host-specific cardiac electric alterations.
Design and numerical characterization of a new leg exoskeleton for motion assistance
Authors: Copilusi Cristian , Ceccarelli Marco , Carbone Giuseppe
Published: August 2014

This paper addresses attention to a design for a low-cost exoskeleton with fairly simple construction, lightweight, easy to wear and to adapt to human legs. The design core is focused on a cam-mechanism implementation at the ankle joint level of the leg exoskeleton. The engineering feasibility of the proposed design is characterized by numerical simulations for the design process.
The use of English in Korean TV drama to signal a modern identity
Authors: Baratta Alex
Published: August 2014

While code-switching is quite a common phenomenon, this paper seeks to investigate a common but underreported use of code-switching. In this paper, I focus on the use of code-switching from Korean to English in South Korean TV dramas. The paper first briefly discusses the literature on the connotations of English language in the Korean media and then proceeds to focus on code-switching using data sampled from three Korean TV dramas. The previous literature (e.g. Lee, 2006; Park, 2006, 2009) which discusses the use of the English language in the Korean media, argues that English carries connotations of modernity and power and this subsequently helps to construct a modern identity for Koreans. However, while Korean music, advertisements and comedies have been discussed with regard to their switches to English, there is little, if any research that focuses on switching to English in Korean TV dramas. The argument put forth in this paper is that switching to English in this context is often a means to reflect an identity of power for the characters and this subsequently might be a reflection of the power and dominance that the English language has in Korean society. In turn, this contributes to conclusions that a modern Korean identity of power derives from being proficient in English.
Cooperative secretions facilitate host range expansion in bacteria
Authors: McNally Luke , Viana Mafalda , Brown Sam P.
Published: August 2014

The majority of emergent human pathogens are zoonotic in origin, that is, they can transmit to humans from other animals. Understanding the factors underlying the evolution of pathogen host range is therefore of critical importance in protecting human health. There are two main evolutionary routes to generalism: organisms can tolerate multiple environments or they can modify their environments to forms to which they are adapted. Here we use a combination of theory and a phylogenetic comparative analysis of 191 pathogenic bacterial species to show that bacteria use cooperative secretions that modify their environment to extend their host range and infect multiple host species. Our results suggest that cooperative secretions are key determinants of host range in bacteria, and that monitoring for the acquisition of secreted proteins by horizontal gene transfer can help predict emerging zoonoses.
Synthesis, X-ray characterization and DFT studies of bis-N-imidazolylpyrimidine salts: the prominent role of hydrogen bonding and anion–π interactions
Authors: Orvay Francisca , Bauzá Antonio , Barceló-Oliver Miquel , García-Raso Angel , Fiol Joan J. , Costa Antoni , Molins Elies , Mata Ignasi , Frontera Antonio
Published: August 2014

Five new compounds have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. They present interesting assemblies in the solid state dominated by H-bonding and anion–π interactions.
Screening of hypothetical metal–organic frameworks for H2 storage
Authors: Gomez Diego A. , Toda Jordi , Sastre German
Published: August 2014

138 000 MOFs from the Northwestern University database have been screened for hydrogen storage using specific physico-chemical descriptors.
Designing mixed metal halide ammines for ammonia storage using density functional theory and genetic algorithms
Authors: Jensen Peter Bjerre , Lysgaard Steen , Quaade Ulrich J. , Vegge Tejs
Published: August 2014

New superior ammonia storage materials are suggested from computational screening. Global optimum of 27 000 mixtures identified testing only ∼1.5% of the candidates, proving the success of the genetic algorithm.
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nano-bioprobes: electronic structures, optical properties, and biodetection
Authors: Zheng Wei , Huang Ping , Tu Datao , Ma En , Zhu Haomiao , Chen Xueyuan
Published: August 2014

The latest advances in lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles were comprehensively reviewed, which covers from their fundamental photophysics to biodetection.
The stability of η2-H2borane complexes – a theoretical investigation
Authors: Könczöl László , Turczel Gábor , Szpisjak Tamás , Szieberth Dénes
Published: August 2014

A comprehensive quantum chemical study reveals the electronic structure and stability of novel η2-H2BR3complexes. The electronic effects of substituents are investigated using NBO analysis and MO theory. A new type of natural pentavalent borane compound is also presented.
Organ-targeted high-throughput in vivo biologics screen identifies materials for RNA delivery
Authors: Chang Tsung-Yao , Shi Peng , Steinmeyer Joseph D. , Chatnuntawech Itthi , Tillberg Paul , Love Kevin T. , Eimon Peter M. , Anderson Daniel G. , Yanik Mehmet Fatih
Published: August 2014

High-throughput in vivo screening of biologics is achieved by automated delivery into target tissues of small vertebrates oriented and immobilized within arrays of hydrogel droplets.
Carbon fragments are ripped off from graphite oxide sheets during their thermal reduction
Authors: Jankovský Ondřej , Hrdličková Kučková Štěpánka , Pumera Martin , Šimek Petr , Sedmidubský David , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: August 2014

The laser induced thermal exfoliation of graphite oxide with simultaneous TOF-MS analysis of exfoliation products was performed on graphite oxide.
Base-promoted dehydrogenative coupling of benzene derivatives with amides or ethers
Authors: Ueno Ryota , Shirakawa Eiji
Published: August 2014

Electronically neutral and deficient benzene derivatives are introduced into the dehydrogenative coupling as arenes that couple with amides/ethers.
Easy approach to synthesize N/P/K co-doped porous carbon microfibers from cane molasses as a high performance supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Kurniawan Alfin , Ong L. K. , Kurniawan Fredi , Lin C. X. , Soetaredjo Felycia E. , Zhao X. S. , Ismadji Suryadi
Published: August 2014

For the first time, porous carbon microfibers co-doped with N/P/K were synthesized from cane molasses by combination of electrospinning and carbonization techniques and its electrochemical application to electrode materials for supercapacitors was investigated.
Comparative EPR studies of Cu(ii)-conjugated phosphorous-dendrimers in the absence and presence of normal and cancer cells
Authors: Ottaviani M. F. , El Brahmi N. , Cangiotti M. , Coppola C. , Buccella F. , Cresteil T. , Mignani S. , Caminade A. M. , Costes J. P. , Majoral J. P.
Published: August 2014

EPR analysis revealed peculiar structural and dynamical properties of anticancer-activeG3B–Cu(ii) in absence and presence of normal and cancer cells.
Hydrothermal growth and optical properties of Nb2O5 nanorod arrays
Authors: He Jing , Hu Yongming , Wang Zhao , Lu Wei , Yang Shulin , Wu Guitai , Wang Yu , Wang Shengfu , Gu Haoshuang , Wang John
Published: August 2014

H–Nb2O5 nanorod arrays with c-axis orientation were in situ synthesized by a hydrothermal process, and they exhibit a blue and cyan light emission.
Minimally Invasive Treatment of a Painful Osteolytic Lumbar Lesion Secondary to Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Sebastian Arjun S. , Adair Marcus J. , Morris Jonathan M. , Khan Mustafa H. , Arndt Carola A. S. , Nassr Ahmad
Published: August 2014

Study Design

Case report.

Objective

Multifocal epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) of the spine is a rare disorder. We describe a novel, multimodal treatment of a painful osteolytic lumbar lesion secondary to EHE. The minimally invasive treatment results in an excellent patient outcome with decreased morbidity compared to traditional techniques.

Methods

A previously healthy young adult presented with a painful osteolytic lesion at the L2 vertebrae. Imaging revealed multifocal spinal lesions consistent with a history of EHE. Core needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Preoperative cryoablation of L2 was followed by a staged surgery, which included a partial L2 corpectomy, tumor resection, bone grafting, and vertebral reconstruction using a minimally invasive technique. This treatment was followed by prolonged therapy with interferon and bisphosphonate.

Results

At 3.5 years’ follow-up, the patient has maintained his vertebral body height, has not required a fusion, and has had no recurrence of disease.

Conclusion

Multimodal treatment consisting of tumor cryoablation, partial corpectomy, allograft reconstruction of the vertebrae, and adjuvant interferon and bisphosphonate can result in good outcomes for well-contained EHE tumors of the spine.
Undulator beamline of the Brockhouse sector at the Canadian Light Source
Authors: Diaz B. , Gomez A. , Meyer B. , Duffy A. , Hallin E. , Kycia S.
Published: August 2014

The Brockhouse project at the Canadian Light Source plans the construction of three beamlines, two wiggler beamlines, and one undulator beamline, that will be dedicated to x-ray diffraction and scattering. In this work, we will describe the undulator beamline main components and performance parameters, obtained from ray tracing using XOP-SHADOW codes. The undulator beamline will operate from 4.95 to 21 keV, using a 20 mm period hybrid undulator placed upstream of the wiggler in the same straight section. The beamline optics design was developed in cooperation with the Brazilian Synchrotron - LNLS. The beamline will have a double crystal monochromator with the options of Si(111) or Si(311) crystal pairs followed by two mirrors in the KB configuration to focus the beam at the sample position. The high brilliance of the undulator source will produce a very high flux of ∼1013 photons/s and high energy resolution into a small focus of 170 μm horizontal and 20-60 μm vertical, depending on the optical configuration and energy chosen. Two multi-axis goniometer experimental stations with area detectors and analyzers are foreseen to enable diffraction, resonant and inelastic scattering experiments, and SAXS/WAXS experiments with high resolution and time resolving capabilities.
Wavelength calibration of x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer on Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak
Authors: Yan W. , Chen Z. Y. , Jin W. , Huang D. W. , Ding Y. H. , Li J. C. , Zhang X. Q. , Lee S. G. , Shi Y. J. , Zhuang G.
Published: August 2014

The wavelength calibration of x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer is a key issue for the measurements of plasma rotation. For the lack of available standard radiation source near 3.95 Å and there is no other diagnostics to measure the core rotation for inter-calibration, an indirect method by using tokamak plasma itself has been applied on joint Texas experimental tokamak. It is found that the core toroidal rotation velocity is not zero during locked mode phase. This is consistent with the observation of small oscillations on soft x-ray signals and electron cyclotron emission during locked-mode phase.
Enhanced localized energetic ion losses resulting from first-orbit linear and non-linear interactions with Alfvén eigenmodes in DIII-D
Authors: Chen X. , Heidbrink W. W. , Kramer G. J. , Van Zeeland M. A. , Pace D. C. , Petty C. C. , Fisher R. K. , Nazikian R. , Zeng L. , Austin M. E. , Grierson B. A. , Podesta M.
Published: August 2014

Two key insights into interactions between Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) and energetic particles in the plasma core are gained from measurements and modeling of first-orbit beam-ion loss in DIII-D. First, the neutral beam-ion first-orbit losses are enhanced by AEs and a single AE can cause large fast-ion displacement. The coherent losses are from born trapped full energy beam-ions being non-resonantly scattered by AEs onto loss orbits within their first poloidal transit. The loss amplitudes scale linearly with the mode amplitude but the slope is different for different modes. The radial displacement of fast-ions by individual AEs can be directly inferred from the measurements. Second, oscillations in the beam-ion first-orbit losses are observed at the sum, difference, and harmonic frequencies of two independent AEs. These oscillations are not plasma modes and are absent in magnetic, density, and temperature fluctuations. The origin of the non-linearity as a wave-particle coupling is confirmed through bi-coherence analysis, which is clearly observed because the coherences are preserved by the first-orbit loss mechanism. An analytic model and full orbit simulations show that the non-linear features seen in the loss signal can be explained by a non-linear interaction between the fast ions and the two independent AEs.
Device modeling of perovskite solar cells based on structural similarity with thin film inorganic semiconductor solar cells
Authors: Minemoto Takashi , Murata Masashi
Published: August 2014

Device modeling of CH3NH3PbI3−xCl3 perovskite-based solar cells was performed. The perovskite solar cells employ a similar structure with inorganic semiconductor solar cells, such as Cu(In,Ga)Se2, and the exciton in the perovskite is Wannier-type. We, therefore, applied one-dimensional device simulator widely used in the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. A high open-circuit voltage of 1.0 V reported experimentally was successfully reproduced in the simulation, and also other solar cell parameters well consistent with real devices were obtained. In addition, the effect of carrier diffusion length of the absorber and interface defect densities at front and back sides and the optimum thickness of the absorber were analyzed. The results revealed that the diffusion length experimentally reported is long enough for high efficiency, and the defect density at the front interface is critical for high efficiency. Also, the optimum absorber thickness well consistent with the thickness range of real devices was derived.
Structural and magnetic resonance investigations of CuCr2S4 nanoclusters and nanocrystals
Authors: Pankrats A. I. , Vorotynov A. M. , Tugarinov V. I. , Zharkov S. M. , Velikanov D. A. , Abramova G. M. , Zeer G. M. , Ramasamy K. , Gupta A.
Published: August 2014

Nanoclusters and nanocrystals of the room temperature magnetic spinel CuCr2S4 synthesized using a facile solution-based method have been examined by transmission electron microscopy, magnetic measurements, and magnetic resonance over a wide frequency range 9.6–80 GHz and at temperatures down to 4.2 K. Decreasing of the resonance field and broadening of the resonance lines below 50 K for both samples are due to the freezing of magnetic moments of nanocubes and nanocrystalline particles constituting nanoclusters. The effective fields of averaged magnetic anisotropy ⟨HA⟩≅ 2.4 kOe are similar for both nanopowder samples as estimated from resonance measurements at T = 4.2 K. An additional blocking temperature Tb ≅ 300 K appears in nanoclusters due to freezing of the magnetic moment of the entire cluster as a whole. Below this blocking temperature, the magnetic dipolar field acting in boundary areas of interacting constituent nanocrystals is responsible for the additional low-field resonance line observed in the resonance spectra of nanoclusters at X-band.
Time domain analysis of a gyrotron traveling wave amplifier with misaligned electron beam
Authors: Wang Qiushi , Luo Jirun , Peng Shuyuan
Published: August 2014

This article develops a time-domain theory to study the beam-wave interaction in gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) with a misaligned electron beam. The effects of beam misalignment on the TE01 mode gyro-TWA operating at the fundamental are discussed. Numerical results show that the effect of misalignment is less obvious when the input power is larger, and the influences of misalignment on the stable gain and the stable time are basically opposite.
Charging dynamics of a floating gate transistor with site-controlled quantum dots
Authors: Maier P. , Hartmann F. , Emmerling M. , Schneider C. , Höfling S. , Kamp M. , Worschech L.
Published: August 2014

A quantum dot memory based on a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wire with site-controlled InAs quantum dots was realized by means of molecular beam epitaxy and etching techniques. By sampling of different gate voltage sweeps for the determination of charging and discharging thresholds, it was found that discharging takes place at short time scales of μs, whereas several seconds of waiting times within a distinct negative gate voltage range were needed to charge the quantum dots. Such quantum dot structures have thus the potential to implement logic functions comprising charge and time dependent ingredients such as counting of signals or learning rules.
Probing ultrafast energy transfer between excitons and plasmons in the ultrastrong coupling regime
Authors: Balci Sinan , Kocabas Coskun , Küçüköz Betül , Karatay Ahmet , Akhüseyin Elif , Gul Yaglioglu H. , Elmali Ayhan
Published: August 2014

We investigate ultrafast energy transfer between excitons and plasmons in ensembles of core-shell type nanoparticles consisting of metal core covered with a concentric thin J-aggregate (JA) shell. The high electric field localization by the Ag nanoprisms and the high oscillator strength of the JAs allow us to probe this interaction in the ultrastrong plasmon-exciton coupling regime. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of the coupled system have been measured using transient absorption spectroscopy revealing that the hybrid system shows half-plasmonic and half-excitonic properties. The tunability of the nanoprism plasmon resonance provides a flexible platform to study the dynamics of the hybrid state in a broad range of wavelengths.
Plasma oxytocin concentrations and
OXTR
polymorphisms predict social impairments in children with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Parker Karen J. , Garner Joseph P. , Libove Robin A. , Hyde Shellie A. , Hornbeak Kirsten B. , Carson Dean S. , Liao Chun-Ping , Phillips Jennifer M. , Hallmayer Joachim F. , Hardan Antonio Y.
Published: August 2014

Significance

The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is critically involved in mammalian social functioning, and initial clinical research suggests that OXT biology may be altered in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we provide important evidence that blood OXT concentrations are highly heritable within families, yet also strongly predict social functioning in ASD children, their unaffected siblings, and healthy control children. These findings also extend to OXT receptor genotypes which are significantly associated with differences in social functioning independent of disease status. These findings indicate that dysregulated OXT biology is not uniquely associated with ASD social phenotypes as widely theorized, but instead variation in OXT biology contributes to important individual differences in human social functioning, including the severe social impairments which characterize ASD.
Synthesis and scavenging role of furan fatty acids
Authors: Lemke Rachelle A. S. , Peterson Amelia C. , Ziegelhoffer Eva C. , Westphall Michael S. , Tjellström Henrik , Coon Joshua J. , Donohue Timothy J.
Published: August 2014

Significance

Fatty acids comprise a large class of compounds that serve broad roles in cells and society. These hydrophobic compounds provide integrity for biological membranes, make them impermeable to solutes and toxins, and modulate the cellular response to signals or stresses. Fatty acids, or the products derived from them, are also important as dietary supplements, lubricants, specialty chemicals, and fuels. Their potential utility in biology or industry could be increased by producing novel classes of fatty acids. This paper reports on the occurrence and synthesis of a newly discovered class of furan-containing fatty acid. It also provides evidence that furan-containing fatty acids scavenge toxic reactive oxygen species, suggesting a previously unnoticed role for this class of compounds in bacteria and other cells.
Universal mobile electrochemical detector designed for use in resource-limited applications
Authors: Nemiroski Alex , Christodouleas Dionysios C. , Hennek Jonathan W. , Kumar Ashok A. , Maxwell E. Jane , Fernández-Abedul Maria Teresa , Whitesides George M.
Published: August 2014

Significance

The ability to perform electrochemical testing in the field, and in resource-limited environments, and to transmit data automatically to “the cloud” can enable a broad spectrum of analyses useful for personal and public health, clinical analysis, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Although the developed world has many options for analysis and web connection, the developing world does not have broad access to either the expensive equipment necessary to perform these tests or the advanced technologies required for network connectivity. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a simple, affordable, handheld device that can perform all the most common electrochemical analyses, and transmit the results of testing to the cloud from any phone, over any network, anywhere in the world.
Different tradeoffs result from alternate genetic adaptations to a common environment
Authors: Rodríguez-Verdugo Alejandra , Carrillo-Cisneros David , González-González Andrea , Gaut Brandon S. , Bennett Albert F.
Published: August 2014

Significance

Tradeoffs are a basic assumption in evolutionary models. Demonstrating their prevalence has been difficult, however. In this work, we used large-scale experimental evolution with bacteria to assess the prevalence of fitness tradeoffs after high-temperature stress adaptation. Combining measurements of phenotypic variation with genome-scale approaches, our work shows that some populations adapt with fitness tradeoffs at low temperatures, whereas others adapt without a measurable tradeoff. The presence or absence of tradeoffs is associated in part with two different adaptive genetic pathways to thermal stress. Overall, our work provides insights into the prevalence of tradeoffs and the underlying genetic complexities that contribute to them.
Curvature-processing network in macaque visual cortex
Authors: Yue Xiaomin , Pourladian Irene S. , Tootell Roger B. H. , Ungerleider Leslie G.
Published: August 2014

Significance

The brain processes visual stimuli along different feature dimensions, including edge orientation, visual motion, and color. To expedite visual processing, cells that process a common visual dimension are often anatomically grouped in cortical columns, patches, and/or areas. Here, we tested the hypothesis that (
i
) image curvature is one of these fundamental visual dimensions and, as such, (
ii
) curvature-selective cells are grouped together in discrete cortical areas. Using neuroimaging techniques, we confirmed this hypothesis and localized the curvature-processing sites in extrastriate visual cortex. These sites lay along a common cortical strip, spanning lower- to higher-level processing stages. Furthermore, the curvature-processing sites are adjacent to the well-known face-processing cortical areas, suggesting a possible functional link between them.
The PML domain of PML–RARα blocks senescence to promote leukemia
Authors: Korf Katharina , Wodrich Harald , Haschke Alexander , Ocampo Corinne , Harder Lena , Gieseke Friederike , Pollmann Annika , Dierck Kevin , Prall Sebastian , Staege Hannah , Ma Hui , Horstmann Martin A. , Evans Ronald M. , Sternsdorf Thomas
Published: August 2014

Significance

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a model for oncoprotein-targeted therapy because induced degradation of the promyelocytic leukemia protein–retinoic acid receptor (PML–RAR) fusion protein by retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide essentially eradicates the disease. Here we elucidate a previously unidentified feature of the PML domain, demonstrating that inhibition of cellular senescence may be the key to cell proliferation. We find that PML–RARα acts by blocking the ATRX senescence checkpoint, resulting in its well-known immortalization phenotype. This supports the idea that disruption of the PML-associated ATRX/Daxx–H3.3 chaperone complex is a key feature of PML–RAR fusion, directly linking disruption of cellular senescence to the leukemogenic mechanism.
Chained metonymies in lexicon and grammar
Authors: Hilpert Martin
Published: August 2014

This chapter investigates chained metonymies, which are metonymies that involve multiple conceptual shifts. Drawing on a survey of body part terms in a large balanced sample of languages, it explores which types of conceptual shifts give rise to extended lexical meanings, and which types are involved in the development of more schematic, grammatical meaning. It is shown that for body part terms, chained metonymies mostly lead to lexical extensions, while serial extensions that are rooted in metaphor are cross-linguistically common in the development of grammatical meaning.