bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Cognitive Load Produced by the Use of Subtitles in Multimedia Educational Material and Its Relationship with Learning
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias de la educación de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa-Peru, Peru, Benjamín Maraza-Quispe , Alejandro-Oviedo Olga Melina , Fernandez-Gambarini Walter Cornelio , Cuadros-Paz Luis Ernesto , Choquehuanca-Quispe Walter , Rodriguez-Zayra Eduardo
Published: June 2022

The research aims to develop an analysis of the cognitive load produced by the use of subtitles in multimedia educational material and its relationship with learning. The methodology used for the development of the research presents a qualitative approach of experimental type, the population selected for experimentation is made up of 100 students of the fifth year of secondary school of Regular Basic Education, of which a sample of 45 students was selected through a simple random sampling, which have been divided into 3 groups of 15 students each, four learning sessions are developed using subtitled multimedia videos and without subtitle and a pre test and post test are applied in order to analyze the cognitive load involved in the use of subtitled videos in the learning sessions, the scale standardized by Pass and Van Merrienboer is used. The results show that the application of subtitles in the videos mean a potential proposal in the teaching-learning processes, due to the improvement in learning since 30% of students improve their performance in relation to the initial Pretest, in addition to promoting inclusion through support for people with hearing disabilities, they also represent a constant support material. In conclusion, the application of subtitles in multimedia material is evaluated by the student and the developer, because not all videos are productive to apply them if there are videos where subtitles of an intralinguistic, bilingual and other nature are required; except for situations where the learning condition warrants it.
Exploring Thai Distant Learning Using Satellite TV (eDLTV) and Problem-Based Learning
Authors:   the Faculty of Information Technology, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, Thailand, Arreerard Worapapha
Published: June 2022

To solve the problems of teacher shortage and their indirect educational qualifications in the underprivileged rural schools, the Government of Thailand has issued the policy to use eDLTV media (Electronic Distance Learning TV Media) in its pedagogical system. Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University is assigned as one of the educational institutions to promote the application of such media in the Northeast of the country. Assigned by the university, and to support the mission, the researcher has conducted this study with the following objectives: 1) to develop a model of participatory eDLTV media technology transfer to promote learning at Phrapariyattidhamma Schools (PDS) by using Project-Based Learning (PBL) activities; 2) to study the results of the experiments of using the model’s manuals and tools; 3) to examine the results of acceptance and application of eDLTV media technology for the learning of PDS. The samples were 99 teachers and 956 students in this study, purposively selected from 1,435 students from 9 PDS in Sisaket Province. The instruments used were three questionnaires and manuals on participatory eDLTV media technology transfer. The results of the research showed that the model of participatory technology transfer of eDLTV is a form of participatory collaboration of 3 important agencies: RMU, PDS, and NSTDA (National Science and Technology Development Agency) as they together define roles, duties, and activities to promote learning in 3 phases. The overall teachers' opinions towards the model experiment showed the most suability of the model in use. The significance of this model relies upon after the training, 100 % of teachers were able to apply eDLTV in PBL in various subjects even though they had no experience in using eDLTV before.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of e-Learning Technologies: An Indian Perspective
Authors:   the Department of Political Science, Gauhati University, Gauhati, Assam, India, Khundrakpam Prakash , Singh Khundrakpam Devananda , Singh Elangbam Nixon
Published: June 2022

The importance of e-learning has become very significant across the globe in recent decades. India, with a burgeoning learning environment and huge prospect of human capital is at the forefront of such changes. As a result, stakeholders are increasingly opting for extensive use of available technologies in this context. The objective of this study is to draw the factors influencing the adoption of e-learning technologies by school teachers. Data collected from 85 teacher respondents through Google Forms questionnaire were analysed. Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation was then applied for the study. As a result of analysis, five factors were drawn and renamed as Prospects: perceived and real; Facilities: availability and accessibility; Material challenges; Assured outcomes and Skill-based challenges. The overall findings of the study conclude that these five factors influence the adoption of e-learning technologies.
Under COVID-19 the Transformation of Enterprise Strategy — A Case Study of Disney
Authors:   Beijing Normal University, China, Liu Fuhan , Luo Bingzhu , Zhu Yanyuan , Wang Yukun
Published: June 2022

The emerge of new technology and media platforms has deeply changed the landscape of strategic business management and the global media industry. The company business strategy optimization is becoming increasingly significant in the era of the digital economy, especially amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This article will utilize SWOT analysis and financial models to develop data-driven insights and in-depth recommendations on enterprise strategy transformation based on the case study of Walt Disney. The research results show that Disney should shift from offline business lines such as parks and stores to online streaming and interactive media, which will help Disney fully take advantage of their competitive strengths of the intellectual property portfolio and distribution channels to further develop the streaming media business segment aligned with the studio department. By transforming weaknesses and threats into new growth opportunities, Walt Disney will be able to achieve further global market outreach and maximize the profitability of innovation on creative content.
Treatment dropout: the hidden truth behind the treatment failure of malignancy
Authors: Chakraborty Bhaskar , Dhar Anasuya
Published: June 2022

Background: Bangladesh is a country with a high burden of malignant people. As this burning issue is recklessly increasing day by day, the aim of this study is to point out the causes behind the cancer patients getting dropped out of the midway of their treatment.Methods:  A total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study at a tertiary level cancer hospital. They were selected from the treatment drop out of the registry of our oncology ward, connected through their contact numbers, and several questions were asked systematically according to a pre-formed questionnaire containing patients’ age, gender, socio-economic and educational status, different possible causes of treatment drop out, etc. Data were collected and analyzed systematically with the help of SPSS 25.Results: Among the study population (n=40), the number of male and female patients was 12 (30%) and 28 (70%) respectively. The mean age of male patients was 65 years (range 45 to 78 years) and that of female were 45 years (35 to 60 years. Most of the patients were from lower-middle-class socio-economic status (45%) with an average of educational status up to secondary school certificate (SSC) exam and family income less than 20,000 BDT per month. Only 15% of patients were self-dependent and the rest of all were dependent on either husband (in the case of female) or children. Among twelve male patients (n=12), five patients (5, 41.6%) had colorectal cancer, three patients (3, 25%) had lung cancer and two patients (2, 16.7%) was harboring prostate cancer. Of twenty-eight female study populations (n=28), more than half of the population (15, 53.6%) had breast cancer, one-fourth of patients (7,25%) had cervical cancer and only two patients (2, 7.14%) had ovarian cancer. The possible vital reason behind early treatment dropout among patients was financial problems (55%). Husbands’ deprivation (13%), Social harassment and isolation (8%) after the first cancer diagnosis,Conclusions: Social awareness, proper steps, and policies of government and non-government organizations for cancer patients taking into consideration all of the causative factors behind treatment drop out can reach the goal of cancer-free Bangladesh.
Correlation of height with hand length and breadth in adult Kashmiri population of Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Gulzar Shameema , Yousf Syed Mubashir , Itoo Mohd Saleem
Published: June 2022

Background: Nature has designed the anatomical framework of an individual in such a way that the significant correlation between different body parts do exists which can be applied to solve the conflicts and controversies, and also there is strong ethnic and geographical variations among individuals is considered to be important assessment in identification of unknown human remains. Estimation of stature from hand dimensions which is one of the very important chapters in the field of Forensic anthropometry.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 200 participants (100male and 100 female) of Kashmiri population from district Baramulla of Jammu and Kashmir over a period of 4 months during 2021-22. Hand dimensions along with hand dimensions along with stature were measured instead of hand dimensions along with stature and weight were measured. Linear regression coefficient was calculated.Results: Obtained were statistically significant and showed a positive correlation between height and hand length. P value was <0.05.Conclusions: The correlation between height and hand dimensions ( length and breadth) instead of height and hand length measurements of an individual were statistically significant. This significance of correlation between the measurements can be used practically in forensic medicine to establish identity of persons in case of accidents and disasters where bodies are mutilated and body parts are fragmented.
Report of dengue outbreak investigation in Jothinagar village, Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India, 2017: epidemiological, entomological, and geospatial investigations
Authors: Bajwala Viral R. , Nagamuthu Arun , Venkatasamy Vettrichelvan , Rajasekar T. Daniel , John Denny , Ranga Vikram , Eapen Alex , Murhekar Manoj V.
Published: June 2022

Background: During July 2017 to August 2017, five cases of laboratory-confirmed dengue cases were reported from Jothinagar village, Tamil Nadu, India. The episode was investigated to confirm the existence of an outbreak and formulate appropriate recommendations for containment.Methods: The monthly occurrence of dengue cases from 2014 to 2017 was compared to confirm the outbreak. Additional blood specimens from 22 patients were sent for laboratory confirmation. We conducted active case search, eco-entomological survey, and geo-mapping of cases and Aedes breeding spots.Results: The occurrence of 36 cases of dengue in the village, previously free from the disease for the past 3.5 years, confirmed the outbreak. Twelve were laboratory-confirmed while the remaining 24 were probable cases. The attack rate was highest amongst females in the age group 11-15 years (10.8/100 population). Case fatality was zero. The house index, Breteau index, container index (CI) and pupal index was 37.7% (23/61), 54.1% (33/61), 16.7% (33/198) and 32.8% (20/61) respectively. Discarded tyres were the key productive containers (CI=28.36%). Geo-analysis suggested clustering of cases within 70 m of the Aedes breeding spots particularly within the central part of the village.Conclusions: Based on high entomological indices, an intensive vector elimination campaign was implemented with a special focus on managing discarded tyres. Geo-analysis can be incorporated in surveillance to identify clusters early for control measures.
Relation of radial nerve to superficial bony and soft tissue landmarks- a cadaveric study
Authors: Gupta Renu , Nayyar Ashish Kumar , Ghatak Surajit
Published: June 2022

Background: Prevention of iatrogenic nerve injury during humerus fracture surgery would be of prodigious importance. Several methods were used to ease this type of injury but no flawless result is at hand. Therefore, this study was designed to predict the location of the radial nerve (RN) by bony as well as soft tissue landmarks and also identify the safe zone for RN in arm.Methods: Fifty upper limbs belonging to 25 cadavers with no macroscopic deformity of their elbow joint were dissected for the study. RN was dissected in the spiral groove of the humerus and measurements were taken from different anatomical landmarks.Results: There was no bilateral asymmetry as well as no statistical difference was observed in male and female measurements. The mean distance between olecranon to spiral groove 16.91±0.18 cm, olecranon to entry in Intermuscular septum 10.65±0.16 cm, triceps aponeurosis to RN in spiral groove 2.50±0.06 cm, medial epicondyle to upper margin of spiral groove 17.01±0.09 cm and lateral epicondyle to lower margin of spiral groove 10.97±0.12 cm was observed.Conclusions: Understanding the zone of danger of humerus provide more safety during surgical intervention of humerus by predicting the location of RN by different bony and soft tissue landmarks.
Role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Sarkar Shish Mohammad , Khatun Julekha , Hossain A. K. M. Mosharraf , Rahman Mohammad Atiqur , Ahmed Shamim , Chakrabortty Rajashish
Published: June 2022

Background: Early diagnosis of lung cancer plays a vital role in reducing the lung cancer death rate. Different modalities can be applied e.g. radiology, bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and fine needle aspiration cytology. Cytological diagnostic techniques are safer, economical, and provide quick results. The aim of the study was to find out diagnostic yields of bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosing lung cancer, and to determine the sensitivity, and specificity of BAL fluid cytology considering the bronchial biopsy as the gold standard.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka during the period from November 2018 to March 2020 with a total of 38 participants.Results: 33 (86.84%) patients were male, and 5 (13.16%) were female; the mean age was 58.29±13.11 years. In clinical presentations, cough was present in all 100% of the patients, and some more frequent presentations were shortness of breath in 26 (68.4%), hemoptysis in 24 (63.15%), and chest pain in 21 (55.26%). Majority of the patients (78.95%) were smokers. Considering histopathological findings, maximum patients had squamous cell carcinoma 13 (38.23%), then adenocarcinoma 11 (32.35%), small cell carcinoma 5 (14.70%), large cell carcinoma 3 (8.82%), and poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma 2 (5.88%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and overall accuracy of BAL were 70.59%, 100%, 100%, 28.57%, and 73.68% respectively.Conclusions: BAL fluid cytology is a useful tool for the diagnosis of lung cancer. It has good sensitivity, and specificity, and shows nearly identical information as biopsy.
Recurrent COVID-19 suggesting reinfection among seven health care workers in a teaching hospital in Mumbai
Authors: Shah Anuradha K. , Raul Mayuri U. , Anto Rosna M. , Dakshit Kosturi
Published: June 2022

The The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) recently came up with an epidemiological definition for reinfection- a gap of 102 days between two positive molecular or rapid antigen tests with a negative molecular test in between. As it is not always feasible to do a genomic analysis, this working definition can provide useful insights. Here we describe a case series of seven health care workers (HCWs) who turned positive for the second time after a mean duration of 245.14 days (130-305 days). All of them had a minimum of one reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) negative report in between the two episodes. Mere presence of neutralizing antibodies after natural infection or post-vaccination cannot be considered safe against COVID infection. Therefore, prevention should be always the priority -wearing masks, hand washing/sanitizing and social distancing needs to be continued, till we see an end to this pandemic.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in dengue: a rare manifestation
Authors: Kaur Manjot , Singh Pushpinder , Bansal Anshul
Published: June 2022

Dengue is an important arthropod born disease with its cases spiking every 2-3 years and spectrum of disease ranging from mild febrile illness to severe illness with multiple systemic complications including rare neurological manifestation. We hereby presented a case report of rare presentation of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in an eight year old child suffering from dengue.
Evaluation of the level of general and occupational health of employees working in the headquarters of Ardabil University of medical sciences
Authors: Sharghi Afshan , Zeynizadeh Jeddi Somayeh , Pourzarea Ghafour , Amani Firouz , Bazeghi Neghin
Published: June 2022

Background: Workplace and employee health is an important public health issue that affects both employers and employees at all levels of government. Therefore, it seems absolutely necessary to check the health of employees, determine their medical problems and screen them with clinical examination. The aim of the study was to assess the health of the staff working in Ardabil University of medical science office central.Methods: In this descriptive study, 244 of Ardabil University of medical sciences staff were screened for diseases of hearing, vision, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal, skin, psychiatric, muscular-skeletal, cardiovascular and other cases. Participants were examined by an occupational medicine specialist. If imaging is needed to diagnose some diseases, they were referred to the imaging ward of Alavi hospital and evaluated by a radiologist. Data collected through checklist and then analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS statistical software version 26.Results: Most of the participants had a university education (83.6%). 86.4% of the participants had more than 10 years of work experience. 64.8% of the participants were male. The average age of employees was 43.11±7.68 years. 11.1% of employees were smokers. cardiovascular disease was present in 5.7%, lung disease in 1.2%, kidney disease in 5.7%, skin disease in 3.3%, musculoskeletal disease in 15.2%, psychiatric disease in 3.7%, gastrointestinal disease in 6.1%, hearing loss at 1.2%, diabetes at 5.7%, high blood pressure at 14.3%, hyperlipidemia at 14.8%, thyroid disease at 4.9% and other diseases at 11.9% of employees.Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of non-communicable diseases among employees, including musculoskeletal diseases, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to screen non-communicable diseases regularly and with maximum participation of employees.
Prevalence of disrespect and abuse and its determinants during delivery in rural Uttar Pradesh India
Authors: Yadav Akhilesh , Singh T. B. , Sachan Shikha
Published: June 2022

Background: Disrespect and abuse treatment during childbirth in health facilities is a burning issue all over the world and emerged as a common problem in maternal health care. It is contributing to untold suffering and discouraging women from seeking care in health facilities. Women experiencing disrespect, abusive, or abandonment during childbirth is an international agenda. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of disrespect and abuse (D and VA) during delivery and identifies the associated factors.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Balarampur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study included 364 women who underwent facility-based childbirth before six months of the survey. A multistage cluster sampling was used to select the potential participants of the study.Results: the findings of the study show Utmost every woman (98.5%) experienced any kind of disrespect or abuse during institutional delivery. However, 92% of women experienced non-consent care in which women were neither informed nor their verbal or written consent was taken before any medical procedures in the labor room. Disrespect and abuse during labor and delivery were significantly associated with Age group, religion, level of education, age at marriage, place of delivery, no. of ANC visit. Conclusions: Every woman has the right to receive kind and respectful maternity care, and mistreatment during maternal care services remains hindrance to achieving safe motherhood and child care.
A retrospective study to analyse epidemiological profile of community acquired infectious keratitis in a tertiary care hospital located in Northern Mumbai
Authors: Patel Kinjal Prashant , Kini Sapna , Ballamudi Manjula , Poojary Reshma Ashwin
Published: June 2022

Background: Epidemiology of infectious keratitis varies with geographical location. The aim of the study was to review the etiology of infectious keratitis in community that will help in management strategy.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at tertiary care hospital from November 2017 to December 2020. Corneal scrapings and corneal button were processed as per microbiological standards. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done by automated Vitek-2 compact system. Significant fungal growth was confirmed by its colony morphology, pigment production and lacto phenol cotton blue (LPCB) mount examination.Results: Of total 130 patients, culture positivity was 63 (48%), of these 59 (53%) were from corneal scrapping and 4 (21%) from corneal button. The most common bacterial isolates were Streptococcus pneumoniae 12 (38%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 (19%) and Staphylococcus aureus 4 (12%). The most common fungi isolated was Fusarium spp 14 (47%) followed by Aspergillus spp 9 (30%). One specimen showed Acanthamoba spp in wet mount preparation. Major associated factors were injury with vegetative matter 30 (48%) followed by contact lens use 12 (19%) and diabetes mellitus 11 (17%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that all gram-positive cocci were susceptible to vancomycin (100%) and fluoroquinolones (100%) followed by third generation cephalosporins (80%). Whereas all gram-negative bacilli were susceptible to aminoglycosides (100%) followed by fluoroquinolones (90%).  Conclusions: Epidemiology of infectious keratitis vary with geographical location. Understanding local microbiological profile assist in empirical therapy when diagnostic facilities are not readily available.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the house wives following kitchen work
Authors: Chovatiya Nandani K. , Solanki Mayur
Published: June 2022

Background: Kitchen work related pain is one of the commonest problems now a day in housewives. During the kitchen work females have to work in awkward postures, prolonged working positions, repeated movements, improper working environment and manual handling of objects with different size, shape and weights. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in housewives following kitchen work.Methods: The study examined 85 healthy housewives aged between 20 to 45 years from Ahmedabad. Participants were selected as per selection criteria by simple random sampling. Written informed consent was taken from all the participants and participants were requested to fill up the questionnaires. The questionnaires- Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire (CMDQ) and Cornell hand discomfort questionnaire (CHDQ) were used in this study. Participants were not involved in any other type of work.Results: The result of the study showed that there was high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in lower back (64.61%), neck (61.18%), upper back (56.47%), hand (55.29 %), and wrist (52.38%) areas.Conclusions: The study concluded that high prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort was found among the housewives following kitchen work with predominant affection of lower back, neck, upper back, hand and wrist areas.
The prevalence of anxiety and depression among MBBS students in the medical colleges in Thrissur district, Kerala during the shutdown of colleges due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Paul Steve , Vincent Jose
Published: June 2022

Background: The medical students of India, who are already facing psychological challenges due to their existing study system will be much more significantly affected, including their academics and social interactions, because of the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression among MBBS students due to this.Methods: This was a cross sectional study and the setting were two medical colleges in Thrissur district, Kerala namely, Government Medical College and Amala Institute of Medical Sciences. The study subjects were the students undergoing MBBS course in these two medical colleges and the data was collected between July and December, 2020. The sample size was calculated as 200. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaire and attitude towards mental illness scale (AMI) questionnaire was used to obtain data along with relevant sociodemographic details. Stratified random sampling was used.Results: 26.2% and 13.1% of the participants had abnormal scores for anxiety and depression respectively. Out of all the participants that underwent isolation, 71.4% and 61.9% of them had abnormal scores for anxiety and depression respectively. Out of all the participants whose residential area had been a containment zone, 68% had normal score for depression. A minority of participants (8%, 3.3%) had unfavourable responses regarding their attitude towards mental illnesses.Conclusions: Our study established a significant prevalence of anxiety and depression among the participants and these results may be generalised to all Indian medical students. This study also showed that their attitude towards mental illness were not appropriate.
Drug misuse by teenagers in schools in Benin and genetic polymorphism of cytochrome p450: interest and perspectives of cytochrome p450 genotyping
Authors: Agbanlinsou Arnaud Coffi , Cisse Ibrahim , Laleye Anatole
Published: June 2022

The misuse of psychoactive substances by students is a reality in Beninese schools. These students are exposed to experimentation with these substances with or without prescriptions. The systematic genotyping of cytochromes in these students and in general in subjects exposed to the use of psychoactive substances would be an asset in their therapeutic management and more specifically in the adaptation of dosages and will also allow us to add a particular touch during sensitizations on the experimentation of substances. To achieve this, we checked the availability of drugs that metabolize by cytochromes 2D6 and 3A4 and that are in pharmacies in Benin. What would happen when they consume one or more substances that are metabolized by two cytochrome? PharmGKB is a pharmacogenomics knowledge base that provides information on how human genetic variation affects drug response by collecting information on clinically relevant gene-drug associations and genotype-phenotype relationships. For dosage individualization in therapeutics, the use of the PharmGKB knowledge base preceded by cytochrome genotyping in exposed subjects are assets that clinicians should make use of today for disease treatment.
Edutainment: tendencias y estrategias digitales: arte, cultura y nuevas tecnologías en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Villers Andrea , Hernández Trujillo Oswaldo
Published: June 2022

El presente estudio aborda los retos y las posibilidades del edutainment en vínculo con las nuevas tecnologías, en respuesta a los nuevos escenarios digitales impulsados por la COVID-19. Analiza las principales características que distinguen al edutainment más innovador. Genera datos cuantitativos y cualitativos que permiten analizar las posibilidades de crecimiento e innovación. Y presenta reflexiones para la creación de políticas públicas y la inyección de recursos que favorezcan al sector.
Medición del impacto socioeconómico del desarrollo de infraestructura de última milla en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Puig Gabarró Pau , Katz Raúl , Galperin Hernán , Callorda Fernando , Iglesias Rodriguez Enrique , García Zaballos Antonio , Robles Marcos , Valencia Ramiro
Published: June 2022

El objetivo del presente estudio es estimar el impacto socioeconómico del despliegue de infraestructura digital de última milla en América Latina y el Caribe. Para medir el impacto económico y social de este tipo de infraestructura, el análisis diferencia según el contexto geográfico (urbano y rural), el género y el nivel educativo, y detalla los efectos y los canales de transmisión que vinculan el despliegue de infraestructura de última milla con algunos beneficios socioeconómicos. En particular, los resultados de este estudio demuestran que la banda ancha mejora la creación de empleo, el pasaje a la formalidad y el nivel salarial para toda la población. En tanto, los hallazgos indican que la diferencia entre la población con mayor calificación y aquella con menos habilidades se plantea en términos del nivel de impacto. Los resultados también revelan que el despliegue de banda ancha puede generar un aumento de la desigualdad entre géneros, entre población urbana y población rural, y entre individuos con más años de educación formal e individuos con menos años de educación formal si no se encuentra acompañado de políticas públicas que permitan acceder a un aprovechamiento igualitario de dicha tecnología. Esta evidencia concuerda con la hallada en estudios precedentes que destacan la complementariedad entre banda ancha y nivel de calificación y habilidades en la estimación de beneficios. Por ello, la contribución de las políticas públicas debe ser considerada como un mecanismo compensatorio para contrarrestar los efectos no esperados. El conjunto de resultados constituye una rica base empírica que podría ayudar a los gobiernos de la región a tomar decisiones de políticas públicas teniendo en cuenta la importancia de extender el despliegue de última milla al contexto rural.
Ranas de cristal
Authors: Rivera-Correa Mauricio
Published: June 2022

Guayasamin JM, runner RM, Valencia-Aguilar A, Franco- Mena D, Ringler E, Medina Armijos A, Morochz C, Bustamante L, Maynard RJ, Culebras J. 2022. Two new glassfrogs (Centrolenidae: Hyalinobatrachium) from Ecuador, with comments on the endangered biodiversity of the Andes. PeerJ 10:e13109 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13109
Plataforma de analítica de datos para la caracterización poblacional y la evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes del centro-occidente de Colombia
Authors: Daza Genaro , Castañeda Jhon Jairo , Castaño Jorge Iván
Published: June 2022

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la primera causa de muerte en el mundo. Por tanto, muchas investigaciones han sido dirigidas hacia la predicción del riesgo cardiovascular, con el fin de poder evitarlo. Asimismo, se ha buscado la implementación de sistemas que involucren el análisis de datos automatizados que permita que la información se ponga a disposición, no solo del personal administrativo y directivo, sino también del personal clínico, para mejorar el control de las patologías. Objetivo: construir una herramienta para la caracterización poblacional y la evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes del centro-occidente de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se propone la construcción de una plataforma de análisis de datos sociodemográficos y clínicos. El modelo general de diseño de la plataforma es el desarrollo evolutivo, que entrelaza actividades de especificación, desarrollo y validación. La plataforma presenta un modelo vista-controlador que permite la creación de plantillas dinámicas distribuidas en módulos de acceso controlados por perfiles de usuario. Resultados: se implementó el cálculo automatizado del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y la emisión de alertas tempranas, lo cual mejoró la gestión de los procesos clínicos, así como el apoyo a la toma de decisiones administrativas, a través de la conformación de dos módulos interactivos en la plataforma. Conclusiones: la unión de saberes clínicos, administrativos y de ingeniería permitió la consolidación de una herramienta que contribuye en el monitoreo y trazabilidad de los pacientes, orientando la priorización de posibles intervenciones que impacten en la salud de estos.
Success and Failure Influence Hopeful Thinking in Polish Women and Men Differently
Authors: Trzmielewska Weronika Daria , Brzóska Paweł , Zięba Mariusz
Published: June 2022

In Snyder’ theory the construct of hope is central to successful goal attainment. The present studies aimed to examine whether the experience of success versus failure in goal pursuits influence state hope, as was found in previous research. In Study 1, the participants completed a scale assessing current hopeful thoughts, and recall and describe successful, or unsuccessful goal pursuits. Then they again completed the state hope scale. In Study 2, the participants were instructed to complete two measures, assessing current hopeful thinking, and self-esteem. Then, they performed anagram tasks—representing easy, mixed, or difficult levels of difficulty, in which they respectively succeed, perform neutrally, or fail, or were assigned to control condition (the participants were sitting only). Next, they filled in the same two scales. In Study 1, state hope increased in the respondents who recalled successful goal pursuits, and decreased in those who recalled unsuccessful goal pursuits. However, this effect was moderated by gender: thinking about success increases state hope only in men, whereas thinking about failures decreases state hope just in women. In Study 2, those who experience failure experienced a decrease in state hope. However, such an effect was found only in women.
Respiratory Infectious Disease and the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Review of Medieval Unani Medical Literature
Authors: Azmi Fatima , Bano Humaira
Published: June 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a life-threatening disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified as an infectious agent in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 gradually spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. As of mid-November 2020, the virus has infected over 55.6 million people worldwide and caused more than 1.3 million deaths. In the absence of clinically proven prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, the pandemic has continued its global spread. In this scenario, the role of traditional systems in tackling the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic by improving the immune system and providing supportive care to patients is being investigated. The Unani system of medicine is one of the traditional medicine systems officially recognized by the World Health Organization to cater to peopleâ€™s healthcare needs. Herein, we reviewed the medieval Unani medical literature regarding respiratory pandemic diseases, symptoms, clinical features, and suggested treatments, especially literature related to the acute catarrh and influenza pandemics. From our review, beside isolation and quarantine, the following measures appear essential: 1. habitat sanitization and purification using herbal sprays or fumigation, 2. enhancing the immune system, strengthening the heart, and preventing infections with antidote Tiryaq Wabai, and 3. use of herbal drugs and formulations useful for strengthening the body and gastrointestinal tract, and for the prevention of respiratory distress, pneumonia, pleurisy and other symptoms. The data reviewed here show that the Unani system of medicine can prevent and manage epidemic/pandemic diseases, including conditions similar to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there is scope for the Unani system of medicine to provide supportive and preventive measures for COVID-19 until an effective cure is developed.
The Effect of Strain Rate and Initial Grain Size on Deformation Behavior of OFHC Copper at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: YILDIRIM Selim , ARIKAN Mustafa Merih
Published: June 2022

Understanding of plastic deformation mechanisms and/or microstructural changes of metals and alloys at elevated temperatures makes possible to control their hot working behavior and final mechanical properties. The aim of the present work is to optimize the conditions to achieve maximum ductility in terms of initial grain size, process temperature and deformation rate. In this study, the OFHC (oxygen-free high conductivity) copper samples of different initial grain sizes (25, 50, 100 and 150 μm) were subjected to tensile tests at temperatures 300, 405, 500 and 700 °C (0.42 - 0.75 Tm) and cross-head speeds of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mm/min (strain rates of 5.6x10-4 - 2.8x10-2 s-1). Experimental results indicated that particular conditions (initial grain size of 50 µm; 700 °C of working temperature and 5.6x10-3 s-1 of strain rate) should be provided in terms of process temperature and deformation rate depending upon initial grain size for dynamic recrystallization and also maximum ductility.
The evaluation Of The Non-Toxic Ferrous Matrix Based WC Reinforced Composites: A Review
Authors: KAYA Esad , ULUTAN Mustafa
Published: June 2022

Metal matrix composites are mainly used as a cutting tool insert material. These types of materials are essential to maintain desired mechanical and microstructure properties at elevated temperatures due to friction and wear. Nano sized Tungsten Carbide reinforced composites are mostly used for these conditions. The production of sintered nano sized Tungsten Carbide reinforced composites are done by using powder metallurgy. The different mass ratios of elements including mostly Cobalt and the others could be added as binder phase. The binder phase provides to metal matrix composite superior features including high elasticity, good solubility, similar thermal conduction coefficient and, effective liquid phase sintering mechanism. Cobalt is one of the base elements of high-performance superalloys and rechargeable battery technology. Also, 40% of global need supplied by a single country makes itself higher-priced. It is also known that Cobalt is a high skin allergen and carcinogenic. Together with these obstacles, the investigations of low-cost, non-toxic, or reduced-toxicity materials are always needed. In this study, the related current literature has been investigated in detail. The studies focus on an alternative matrix that providing mentioned conditions explained with pros and cons.
Synthesis of Poly(azomethine) Containing Sulfonic Acid Unit Oxygen and Sulphur Bridged: Investigation of Its Thermal, Optical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: KARACAN YELDİR Elif
Published: June 2022

In this study, a poly(azomethine) compound (SBP) containing sulfur and oxygen bridge was obtained from 4,4'-[thiobis(4,1-phenyleneoxy)]dibenzaldehyde (DBA) and 4,4'diamino-2,2'-biphenyl sulfonic acid from condensation reaction. Structural, optical, electrochemical and morphological analyzes of the obtained polymeric material were performed. Structural characterizations were performed from 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectra. Optical properties were determined in the UV-Vis spectrum and the optical band gap was calculated as 3.63 eV. Electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and HOMO-LUMO and electrochemical band gap values were calculated. In addition, with the help of Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), the number average molecular mass was found to be 5050 Da. By thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the thermal decomposition of SBP occurred in four steps and the maximum mass loss was 391 °C. The surface analysis of the obtained polymeric material was investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and it was determined that the surface was rough.
Effects of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on Hemocyte Types of Galleria mellonella
Authors: ESKİN Ata
Published: June 2022

In this study, 70 nm-sized and nanorod-shaped Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs) concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 µg/10 µl) was force-fed to fourth instar (110 ± 20 mg) Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae. The effects of ZnO NPs on plasmatocyte, granulocyte, spherulocyte, prohemocyte, oenocytoid, and coagulocyte numbers in hemolymph of G. mellonella larvae was determined. Results showed that treating G. mellonella with 10 μg/10 µl ZnO NPs significantly decreased spherulocytes numbers, whereas numbers of plasmatocyte, granulocyte, prohemocyte, oenocytoid, and coagulocyte numbers did not differ significantly when compared to the control group after 24 h force feeding treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental groups in the prohemocyte numbers of larvae that exposed to 1 and 5 μg/10 µl ZnO NPs.
Association between Serum Vitamin B12 Level and Bone Mineral Density in Older Women
Authors: Navaeifa Nasrin , Tabrizi Ali , Motalebizadeh Mehrdad
Published: June 2022

Background: Vitamin B12 is a micronutrient essential for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, which can affect osteogenesis. Based on in-vivo investigations, vitamin B12 is associated with osteogenesis, and low levels of this vital vitamin in the human body can be related to an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 60 women over 65 years who visited an orthopedic clinic were included. They were divided into three groups based on bone density in the hip and lumbar areas using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans, including normal bone density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. The average serum level of vitamin B12 in the experimental subjects was then determined and compared.
Results: 6 (10%) showed normal bone density, 25 (41.7%) osteopenia, and 29 (48.3%) were considered to have osteoporosis. Measured vitamin B12 levels showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups of normal bone density (601.3 ± 194.8) and osteopenia (560.4 ± 131.5). However, there was a significant statistical difference between vitamin B12 levels in people with osteoporosis (400.7 ± 162.4) and the two groups of normal and osteopenic individuals. There was also a negative statistical relationship between vitamin B12 levels and bone density (P = 0.004, r = -0.8).
Conclusion: A low serum level of vitamin B12 is associated with a severe decline in bone density in elderly Iranian women.
Epidemiology of Traumatic Orthopedic Injuries: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Northern Tehran, Iran
Authors: Biglari Farsad , Sadighi Mehrdad , Khabiri Seyyed Saeed , Jafari Kafiabadi Meisam , Sabaghzadeh Amir , Hakakzadeh Azadeh , Khalighinejad Pedram , Hoveidaei Amir Human , Ebrahimpour Adel
Published: June 2022

Background: Trauma is a leading cause of death and morbidity in developing countries. Previous research has revealed that epidemiological features of fractures may change from one study to the next. National Trauma Registry of Iran (NTRI) was launched in 2015, but it did not include any centers in northern Tehran, Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of fractures in the only Level 1 Trauma Center in that area.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with the primary diagnosis of orthopedic injury, from July to October 2019, who referred to the emergency department of Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tehran. The patients’ files and operation notes were reviewed for demographics, medical history, physical examination, referral time, mechanism of injury, hospital stay, level of education, and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization.
Results: 398 patients with orthopedic trauma were referred to the hospital with a mean age of 40.85 ± 21.03 years. 317 patients (79.65%) were men. The peak referral time was between 12 AM and 12 PM. A road traffic accident was the main cause of orthopedic trauma (39.4%). The mean days of hospital stay were 6.29 ± 5.36 days. The waiting time for surgery and days of hospital stay were related to the fracture site (high in lower extremity fractures) and older age.
Conclusion: Trauma in northern Tehran is primarily caused by motor vehicle accidents and falls, respectively. Patients with older age and lower extremity fractures need more time of hospitalization.
Validity of E-module on Ion equilibrium and pH of salt solution oriented Chemo-Entrepreneurship (CEP)
Authors: Holiwarni Betty , Erna Maria , Sari Mala
Published: June 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected many sectors of life, including education. Educators are required to be able to carry out online learning processes and design interesting learning instruments. One of them is a teaching material in form of E-module. In this study, the E-module was designed by utilizing a digital application, namely the kvisoft flipbook maker. The design of this e-module was oriented to chemo-entrepreneurship (CEP) on ion equilibrium and the pH of salt solution materials. The aim of this study was that students possessed the skills to make a chemical-based product. The validity of the E-module was carried out with the Plomp research design consist of an initial investigation phase, a design phase, a realization/construction phase, and a validation phase. The results of the validity of E-module oriented  CEP on ion equilibrium and the pH of salt solution materials revealed that the validity from the material expert was 95% with valid category and the validity from the media expert was 87% with valid category.
An Empirical Study on Compensation Management Practices in Digital Marketing Company
Authors: Kumar Thoti Kiran
Published: June 2022

Compensation management is often referred as salary and wage administration. Human resource management department designs compensation policy. Organizations can be competitive if they update their compensation package according to market conditions. Standard human resource policy gives high priority for better compensation package. The parameters considered while designing compensation management are job responsibilities, experience, company budget and job market. Human resource managers design compensation strategy through scorecard. Pay equity can be attained with competitive compensation package. The research was conducted to the employee working in Hyderabad digital marketing companies. The hypotheses were tested using chi square test, ANOVA & other statistical testing tools.