bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Antimodularity and Multiscale Influence in Random Boolean Networks
Authors: Escobar Luis A. , Kim Hyobin , Gershenson Carlos
Published: June 2019

We investigate the effects of modularity, antimodularity, and multiscale influence on random Boolean networks (RBNs). On the one hand, we produced modular, antimodular, and standard RBNs and compared them to identify how antimodularity affects the dynamical behaviors of RBNs. We found that the antimodular networks showed similar dynamics to the standard networks. Confirming previous results, modular networks had more complex dynamics. On the other hand, we generated multilayer RBNs where there are different RBNs in the nodes of a higher scale RBN. We observed the dynamics of micro‐ and macronetworks by adjusting parameters at each scale to reveal how the behavior of lower layers affects the behavior of higher layers and vice versa. We found that the statistical properties of macro‐RBNs were changed by the parameters of micro‐RBNs, but not the other way around. However, the precise patterns of networks were dominated by the macro‐RBNs. In other words, for statistical properties only upward causation was relevant, while for the detailed dynamics downward causation was prevalent.
Vector Weighting Approach and Vector Space Decoupling Transform in a Novel SVPWM Algorithm for Six‐Phase Voltage Source Inverter
Authors: Wu Peng , Yuan Lei , Zuo Zhen , Wei Junyu
Published: June 2019

For six‐phase permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) which has two sets of Y‐connected three‐phase windings spatially phase shifted by 30 electrical degrees, to increase the utilization ratio of the DC bus voltage, a novel space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm in full modulation range capability based on vector weighted method is proposed in this paper. The basic vector action time of SVPWM method is derived in detail, employing vector space decomposition transformation approach. Compared with the previous algorithm, this strategy is able to overcome the inherent shortcomings of the four‐vector SVPWM, and it achieves smooth transitions from linear to overmodulation region. Simulation and experimental analyses demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy.
Distributed Learning Algorithms and Lossless Convex Relaxation for Economic Dispatch with Transmission Losses and Capacity Limits
Authors: Kim Kwang-Ki K.
Published: June 2019

This paper considers problems of economic dispatch in power networks that contain independent power generation units and loads. For efficient distributed economic dispatch, we present a mechanism of multiagent learning in which each agent corresponding to a generation unit updates the power generation based on the received information from the neighborhood. The convergence of the proposed distributed learning algorithm to the global optimal solution is analyzed. Another method of distributed economic dispatch we propose is a decentralized iterative linear projection method in which the necessary optimality conditions are solved without considering the generation capacities and the obtained solutions are iteratively projected onto the convex set corresponding to the generation capacities. A centralized method based on semidefinite programming for economic dispatch with a loss coefficient matrix is also presented for comparisons. For demonstration, the proposed methods of distributed economic dispatch are applied to a 6‐generator test case and the three different methods of economic dispatch give the same solutions. We also analyze parametric dependence of the optimal power generation profiles on varying power demands in economic dispatch.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Proximal and Distal Gastric Cancer during 1997–2017 in China National Cancer Center
Authors: Zhao Lulu , Huang Huang , Zhao Dongbin , Wang Chengfeng , Tian Yantao , Yuan Xinghua , Ma Fuhai , Ren Hu , Zhao Yajie , Aimaiti Saderbiek , Zhang Shuisheng , Zhou Hong , Wang Tongbo , Wang Nianchang , Sun Yuemin , Bai Xiaofeng , Chen Yingtai
Published: June 2019

Background. The prognostic relevance of gastric tumor location has been reported and debated. Our study was conducted to examine the differences in clinicopathological features, prognostic factors, and overall survival (OS) between patients with proximal gastric cancer (PGC) and distal gastric cancer (DGC).Patients and Methods. Patients with PGC or DGC were identified from the China National Cancer Center Gastric Cancer Database (NCCGCDB) during 1997–2017. Survival analysis was performed via Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models.Results. We reviewed 16,119 cases of gastric cancer patients, including 6,479 of PGC and 9,640 of DGC. PGC patients presented as older patients (61.5 versus 56.4 years,P<0.001) and more males (82.9% versus 68.2%,P<0.001). Compared with DGC, PGC was more likely to be in later pT stage (pT3 and pT4, 65.0% versus 52.8%,P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (54.8% versus 50.9%,P<0.001). In univariate analysis, PGC patients had a worse survival outcome in stage I (Hazard ratio [HR] = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.42-2.94) but a better prognosis in stage IV (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-0.98) when compared to DGC patients. However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that PGC was not an independent predictor for poor survival (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00-1.14). Results from multivariate analysis also revealed that pT4, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, no gastrectomy, and Borrmann IV were independent predictors associated with poor survival for both PGC and DGC patients. Additional prognostic factors for PGC patients included underweight (BMI < 18.5) (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.06-1.58), linitis plastica (HR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.25-3.65), and overweight (23 ≤ BMI <27.5) (HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71-0.90). During the 20-year study period, the 5-year OS increased significantly for both PGC and DGC, with the increase rate of 91.7% and 67.7%, respectively.Conclusion. In China, PGC significantly differed from DGC in clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors. However, there was no significant relationship between survival outcome and gastric tumor location.
Aurora Kinase A Inhibition: A Mega-Hit for Myelofibrosis Therapy?
Authors: Piszczatowski Richard T. , Steidl Ulrich
Published: June 2019

The positive but limited efficacy of JAK inhibitors has sparked the need for alternative therapeutic targets in the treatment of myelofibrosis. The discovery of novel targets, like Aurora Kinase A, may provide new avenues of single-agent and combinatorial therapy for myelofibrosis and restoration of normal bone marrow function.

See related article by Gangat et al., p. 4898
Challenges Associated with Colorectal Cancer in Pregnancy
Authors: Amarjothi  J.M.V. , Ramasamy Villalan , Senthil Kumaran G.R. , Naganath Babu O.L.
Published: June 2019

Colorectal cancer is epidemiologically a disease of the middle-aged and elderly. However, it may occur in the young where it presents with virulent biological behavior and poor prognosis. The symptoms of colorectal cancer may be masked by symptoms of pregnancy and the patient may attribute it to the pregnancy, especially in multiparous patients whose anxiety and apprehension levels may be lower and hence present late to health care providers. Antenatal women who present with such symptoms must be investigated further under the available repertoire of investigations possible in pregnancy without causing any maternal or fetal hazard. Treatment with chemotherapy and radiation for cancer in this setting is further hampered by justifiable concerns over fetal well-being. We present a case of colorectal cancer in a young multiparous female and the associated difficulties in diagnosis and management. The challenges with colorectal cancers and pregnancies are expected to rise in the future with a decreasing trend in age of colorectal cancer occurrence and an increasing age of pregnancy due to lifestyle changes.
Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions during Tapering of High-Dose Systemic Steroid Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases: Implications for Non-HIV Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
Authors: Sueki Hirohiko , Kitami Yuki , Watanabe Hideaki
Published: June 2019

We present 2 cases of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) during the tapering of corticosteroids, following several courses of high-dose pulse therapy for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Their general symptoms and mucous membrane lesions, including those of the eye, were milder than those usually seen in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis. Based on their initial presentation, these cases were not initially identified as SCARs, but continued to progress over the course of a few days. The mechanism underlying the paradoxical response to steroid administration seen in these patients can be interpreted as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients.
Unexpected Coexistence of a Derivative t(21;21) and Complementary Mosaic r(21) in a Female with Multiple Miscarriages
Authors: Onur Cura Duygu , Bora Elcin , Ozkalayci Hande , Kirbiyik Ozgur , Kutbay Yasar B. , Ercal Derya , Cankaya Tufan
Published: June 2019

The case presented here describes a female patient with recurrent miscarriages and a normal microarray analysis result. However, the coexistence of a robertsonian (21;21) translocation and complementary mosaic ring chromosome 21 was detected by karyotyping and FISH analysis. Partial trisomy 21 was found with QF-PCR and microarray analysis in one of the fetuses. The aim of this report was to emphasize the diagnostic importance of conventional cytogenetics.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Distinct Roles for Tissue Transglutaminase and Factor XIII in Maternal Angiogenesis During Early Mouse Pregnancy
Authors: Cohen Gadi , Hadas Ron , Stefania Rachele , Pagoto Amerigo , Ben-Dor Shifra , Kohen Fortune , Longo Dario , Elbaz Michal , Dekel Nave , Gershon Eran , Aime Silvio , Neeman Michal
Published: June 2019

Objective:

The early embryo implantation is characterized by enhanced uterine vascular permeability at the site of blastocyst attachment, followed by extracellular-matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. Two TG (transglutaminase) isoenzymes, TG2 (tissue TG) and FXIII (factor XIII), catalyze covalent cross-linking of the extracellular-matrix. However, their specific role during embryo implantation is not fully understood.

Approach and Results:

For mapping the distribution as well as the enzymatic activities of TG2 and FXIII towards blood-borne and resident extracellular-matrix substrates, we synthetized selective and specific low molecular weight substrate analogs for each of the isoenzymes. The implantation sites were challenged by genetically modifying the trophoblast cells in the outer layer of blastocysts, to either overexpress or deplete TG2 or FXIII, and the angiogenic response was studied by dynamic contrast–enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging. Dynamic contrast–enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging revealed a decrease in the permeability of decidual vasculature surrounding embryos in which FXIII were overexpressed in trophoblast cell. Reduction in decidual blood volume fraction was demonstrated when either FXIII or TG2 were overexpressed in embryonic trophoblast cell and was elevated when trophoblast cell was depleted of FXIII. These results were corroborated by histological analysis.

Conclusions:

In this study, we report on the isoenzyme-specific roles of TG2 and FXIII during the early days of mouse pregnancy and further reveal their involvement in decidual angiogenesis. Our results reveal an important magnetic resonance imaging-detectable function of embryo-derived TG2 and FXIII on regulating maternal angiogenesis during embryo implantation in mice.Visual Overview: An online visual overview is available for this article.
Left Atrial Volume Index Is Associated With Cardioembolic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Detection After Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source
Authors: Jordan Kevin , Yaghi Shadi , Poppas Athena , Chang Andrew D. , Mac Grory Brian , Cutting Shawna , Burton Tina , Jayaraman Mahesh , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Sabeh M. Khaled , Merkler Alexander E. , Kamel Hooman , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Furie Karen , Song Christopher
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—

Left atrial enlargement has been shown to be associated with ischemic stroke, but the association with embolic stroke mechanisms remains unknown. We aim to study the associations between left atrial volume index (LAVI) and embolic stroke subtypes and atrial fibrillation (AF) detection on cardiac event monitoring in patients with embolic stroke of unknown source.

Methods—

Data were collected from a prospective cohort of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke admitted to a comprehensive stroke center over 18 months. Stroke subtype was classified into cardioembolic stroke, noncardioembolic stroke of determined mechanism (NCE), or embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Univariate and prespecified multivariable analyses were performed to assess associations between LAVI and stroke subtype and AF detection in patients with ESUS.

Results—

Of 1224 consecutive patients identified during the study period, 1020 (82.6%) underwent transthoracic echocardiography and had LAVI measurements. LAVI was greater in patients with cardioembolic stroke than NCE (41.4 mL/m
2
±18.0 versus 28.6 mL/m
2
±12.2;
P
<0.001) but not in ESUS versus NCE (28.9 mL/m
2
±12.6 versus 28.6 mL/m
2
±12.2;
P
=0.61). In multivariable logistic regression models, LAVI was greater in cardioembolic stroke versus NCE (adjusted odds ratio per mL/m
2
, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.09;
P
<0.001) but not in ESUS versus NCE (adjusted odds ratio per mL/m
2
, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.99–1.02;
P
=0.720). Among 99 patients with ESUS who underwent cardiac monitoring, 18.2% had AF detected; LAVI was independently associated with AF detection in ESUS (adjusted odds ratio per mL/m
2
, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02–1.15;
P
=0.007).

Conclusions—

LAVI is associated with cardioembolic stroke as well as AF detection in patients with ESUS, 2 subsets of ischemic stroke that benefit from anticoagulation therapy. Patients with increased LAVI may be a subgroup where anticoagulation may be tested for stroke prevention.
Modernism and World Art, 1950–72
Authors: Drosos Nikolas
Published: June 2019

Focusing on a series of exhibitions of modern art from the 1950s to the early 1970s, this article traces the frictions between two related, yet separate endeavors during the first postwar decades: on the one hand, the historicizing of modernism as a specifically European story; and on the other, the constitution of an all-encompassing concept of “World Art” that would integrate all periods and cultures into a single narrative. The strategies devised by exhibition organizers, analyzed here, sought to maintain the distance between World Art and modernism, and thus deferred the possibility of a more geographically expansive view of twentieth-century art. Realist art from the Soviet bloc and elsewhere occupied an uneasy position in such articulations between World Art and modernism, and its inclusion in exhibitions of modern art often led to the destabilizing of their narratives. Such approaches are contrasted here with the prominent place given to both realism and non-Euro-American art from the twentieth century in the Soviet Universal History of Art, published from 1956 to 1965. Against the context of current efforts at a “global” perspective on modern art, this article foregrounds the instances when the inner contradictions of late modernism's universalist claims were first exposed.
On Curating Postwar
Authors: Golan Romy , Siegel Katy
Published: June 2019

On March 8, 2017, curator and art historian Katy Siegel delivered a lecture at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, about the exhibition Postwar: Art Between the Pacific and the Atlantic, 1945–1965 she curated with Okwui Enwezor and Ulrich Wilmes at Haus der Kunst, Munich from October 2016 to March 2017. Postwar, and its accompanying publications, explored how artists responded to the Holocaust, the atomic bomb, a radically transforming world in the aftermath of World War II, and—amidst Cold War divides—decolonization movements, the struggle for civil rights, and the invention of new communication technologies. Ambitious in scope, generous in outlook, and remarkable in its capacity for critical and self-reflexive dialogue, Postwar exemplified many of the qualities that made Enwezor the most significant curatorial voice of the last quarter century. As the final event in the Art, Institutions, and Inter nationalism conference on which this special issue is based, Siegel's lecture capped off two days of intensive discussions on how political internationalism and its attendant institutions impacted the development of art around the world in the mid-twentieth century. During a conversation with art historian Romy Golan following her lecture, Siegel outlined the curatorial decisions that went into Postwar and discussed how exhibitions can confront entrenched ideas of quality and belatedness inherited from Eurocentric readings of modernism. Find the complete conversation between Siegel and Golan at artmargins.com .
Southward and Otherwise
Authors: Pajović Uroš , Mohaiemen Naeem
Published: June 2019

This project comes out of a conversation between Mohaiemen and Pajović, about the relative absence of Non-Aligned Movement co-founder Josip Broz Tito, from the three-channel film Two Meetings and a Funeral (2017, dir: Mohaiemen). In the film, a series of conversations between Vijay Prashad, Samia Zennadi, Atef Berredjem, Amirul Islam, and Zonayed Saki sketch out the shadow play of warring forces inside the Non-Aligned Movement, especially around the decolonizing nations of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia that found an option to look toward an "Islamic" supra-national identity. Because of that focus, the role of Central and Eastern Europe, especially that of Yugoslavia under Tito, is absent from the film. Pajović's text re-integrates the Yugoslav bloc into Two Meetings and a Funeral. While Pajović's text concludes with a hopeful view of the potential of the Non-Aligned Movement, Mohaiemen's images and superimposed quote from Tito express an ironic doubling back. Indira Gandhi's Indian coalition of 1971, while maneuvering for Bangladesh independence from Pakistan, encountered Tito's confident comment that such problems of “tribalism” were only happening in Asia. Yugoslavia had solved the “Balkan problem”– this was spoken confidently twenty years before Tito's nation would split apart during the Yugoslav Wars. The geopolitical struggles that Tito fails to see in 1971 are harbingers for the blind spots that would cause Non-Alignment's collapse.
There Were No Medals To Be Won
Authors: Azzolini Monica
Published: June 2019

While in modern times excellence in science is often acknowledged with a prize medal, this was not the case in the Renaissance. Despite the fact that the Italian Renaissance saw a remarkable revival of medal casting, there were no medals to be won in the Renaissance for originality and scientific priority. Rather, professional success was determined by the ability to win public disputations and debate contested topics. This article illustrates how this mode of knowledge production, which reached its peak in the second half of the sixteenth century, was deeply rooted in the culture of verbal and physical duelling that developed in Italy around that time. Transforming the culture of academic disputation into one of public spectacle, the sixteenth century saw scientific practitioners make careers out of controversy and polemical exchange. From the mid-seventeenth century onwards, this model of knowledge production was slowly superseded by more moderate exchanges and collaborations.
Normal Science
Authors: Widmalm Sven
Published: June 2019

Prizes have been awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from its foundation in 1739 onwards. In the 18th century these were of a kind typical of the period: problems were posed, almost always with a utilitarian bent, and awards (money or medals) were promised to those who could come up with practical solutions. The Academy’s first prize question, in 1739, concerned an improved method for bleaching cloth; the response was zero, a not untypical result. This type of award was never a success, and from around 1810 prizes became more academically oriented and were offered for recent publications or innovations rather than solutions to problems posed beforehand. The Letterstedt Prize was the most important among these awards during the 19th century, and a model for the Nobel Prize. It was awarded mostly for work in the natural sciences, but sometimes also in the humanities or for technological innovations (Alfred Nobel received it in 1868); a special prize was awarded for translations. An analysis of nominations and discussions preserved in the Academy’s archive shows that the Letterstedt science prizes functioned as a kind of benchmarking of national science (foreigners were not awarded on principle); high-quality “normal” science that seemed to put Swedish science on par with research in countries like Germany or France was awarded rather than work of high originality.
Prizes, Medals and Honourable Mentions
Authors: Brenni Paolo
Published: June 2019

Ever since antiquity, medals that were often also remarkable works of art were used to mark the achievements and testify to the glory of a person or his bravery on the battlefield, or to celebrate or commemorate a particular event. Sovereigns and nobles wore medals as symbols of their power, wealth and achievements or distributed them as exceptional gifts in order to maintain or garner support. In the 19th century the use of medals increased dramatically. In fact, with the machine age a new class of heroes was born. These were the engineers, the technicians and the manufacturers who were industrializing the Western world. And these pioneers of technological progress became the new recipients of a tide of medals, diplomas and awards which were primarily distributed at the national, international and universal exhibitions and fairs which abounded during the last decades of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th centuries. This essay will focus on instrument makers, whose activities bridged science and industry. Their products represented the high technology of their day in the sector of precision instruments, and the most outstanding ones, judged to be deserving of an award, were selected following examination by a jury composed of specialists. But what were the criteria adopted by the jurors? Did political considerations influence their judgments? What were the importance and the significance of these awards? Did they have an impact on the instrument maker’s trade or were they just attractive souvenirs to be taken home from the exhibitions? Based on an analysis of many documents (reports, lists of medallists, catalogues, specialized articles, etc.) relating to industrial exhibitions held in Europe and the United States during the 19th century, the present essay provides an answer to these questions.
I Second That Emotion: Modelling the Anxious Experiences of Thirteenth-Century Episcopal Office
Authors: Byrne Philippa
Published: June 2019

The episcopacy in the High Middle Ages (c.1100–1300) can be understood through the idea of a shared emotional language, as seen in two treatises written to advise new bishops. In them, episcopal office was largely defined by the emotions it provoked: it was a cause for sorrow, a burden akin to back-breaking agricultural service. The ideas most associated with episcopal office were anxiety, labour and endurance. Ideas about Christian service as painful labour became particularly important in the twelfth century, alongside the development of the institutional authority of the Church. As episcopal power began to look more threatening and less humble, this emotional register provided one means of distinguishing episcopal power from secular lordly power: both were authorities, but bishops were distinguished by sorrowing over office and ‘enduring’, not enjoying it.
Inquiétude / Uneasiness: Between Mental Emotion and Bodily Sensation (Eighteenth–Twentieth Centuries)
Authors: Louis-Courvoisier Micheline
Published: June 2019

From the eighteenth century patients might use ‘uneasiness’ / inquiétude to describe both a physical sensation and a personal anxiety. This double definition reflects the deep interrelation between emotion and sensation in the period. Inquiétude was embedded in a specific historical context, defined by humoral medical discourse, by the practice of self-writing, by the doctor-patient relationship, and by a semantic confusion in the use of certain words. Analysis of the different uses of inquiétude in nineteenth- and twentieth-century French novels shows that it increasingly described a mental state, such as an anxiety, but that the sensorial meaning persisted discreetly in different ways. Elements of neurophysiological theories and relevance theory offer some tools to bridge the gap between the two narrative genres and historical contexts.
Cow Protection, Hindu Identity and the Politics of Hurt in India, c.1890–2019
Authors: Tejani Shabnum
Published: June 2019

Recent violence in India towards minority Muslim and Dalit communities in response to their alleged killing of cows is shocking in its brutality. Those responsible maintain the cow is sacred to Hindus and a threat to its life is an attack on Hinduism itself. They claim a deep sense of hurt at what they see to be the historic violation of their religion. In contrast, liberal commentators argue that right-wing forces have become emboldened since Hindu nationalists came to power in 2014. Yet, Hindu nationalism alone cannot explain the widespread belief that people whose livelihoods depend on cattle are beyond the democratic norms of tolerance. Rather, we must consider ‘affect’ and the role of history to understand the currency of cow protection in the cultural politics of hurt in contemporary India.
Becoming Subject: Chinese Female Migrants in Switzerland within a Transnational Family–Individual Dichotomy
Authors: Chen Yali
Published: June 2019

This article argues that Chinese female migrants in Switzerland exert their agency to become the subject responsible for the care practices for their families in both Switzerland and China during their post-migratory lives. Based on fieldwork comprising 52 semi-structured interviews conducted with Chinese female migrants in Switzerland during 2016 and 2017, this article analyses the strategies Chinese female migrants develop to ensure their social role as woman, migrant, wife, mother, and daughter. Their self-development is also realized through the adjustment of their opinions about their roles and lives within household activities in Switzerland, and their strategies for making sense of the transnational parental care practice by overcoming difficulties induced by different social power relations during their post-migratory life from a gendered perspective.
A new genus, Zeoliarus, for the endemic New Zealand species Oliarus atkinsoni Myers and O. oppositus (Walker) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae: Cixiinae: Pentastirini)
Authors: LARIVIÈRE MARIE-CLAUDE , FLETCHER MURRAY J.
Published: June 2019

The New Zealand cixiid planthoppers were revised by Larivière (1999) who noted that further systematics work was required on a world basis or at least in an Australasian context before the position of New Zealand genera could be determined. As a consequence, most existing generic concepts were accepted by Larivière (1999), including the placement of two species in Oliarus Stål, 1862, a well-known catch-all pentastirine genus with species from all over the world.
Description of new chiactine-bearing sponges provides insights into the higher classification of Calcaronea (Porifera: Calcarea)
Authors: ALVIZU ADRIANA , XAVIER JOANA R. , RAPP HANS TORE
Published: June 2019

A recent phylogenetic study revealed a close relationship between chiactine-bearing (family Achramorphidae, order Leucosolenida) and pugiole-bearing (order Baerida) calcaronean sponges as well as new putative taxa within Achramorphidae. In this study, we present a revision of chiactine-bearing sponges based on morphological re-examination of type material and recently collected specimens, in addition to new molecular data for the ribosomal 18S and C-region of the 28S. We provide re-descriptions for all known chiactine-bearing species, and further describe two new species from the Antarctic (Achramorpha antarctica sp. nov. and Megapogon schiaparellii sp. nov.) and two new species and a new genus from the Nordic Seas (Achramorpha ingolfi sp. nov. and Sarsinella karasikensis gen. nov. sp. nov.). The new phylogenetic reconstruction based on ribosomal 18S and C-region of the 28S confirms previous findings about the close relationship of some members of Baerida and the family Achramorphidae of the order Leucosolenida. However, new material and the addition of molecular data from the type species of both taxa would be required to formally propose changes at (sub-)ordinal levels within the classification of Calcaronean sponges.
Replacement names for four preoccupied talitrid genus-group names proposed by Lowry & Myers in 2019 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Senticaudata)
Authors: LOWRY JAMES K. , MYERS ALAN A. , NAKANO TAKAFUMI
Published: June 2019

A recent comprehensive review of the generic-level classification of the amphipod family Talitridae established 37 new genera (Lowry & Myers 2019). Among the 37 genus-group names, however, four names—Fleuria Lowry & Myers, 2019, Hurleyella Lowry & Myers, 2019, Tasmanella Lowry & Myers, 2019 and Wairua Lowry & Myers, 2019—are respectively preoccupied by the dipteran Fleuria Kieffer, 1924, the dipteran Hurleyella Runyon & Robinson, 2010, the brachiopod Tasmanella Laurie, 1991, and the arachnid Wairua Forster in Forster et al., 1990. Accordingly, new replacement names for each of the talitrid genus-group names are proposed herein. Additionally, the authorship of the superfamily Talitroidea cited in Lowry & Myers (2019) as Bulycheva, 1957, should be cited as Rafinesque, 1815.
Observed Link of Extreme Hourly Precipitation Changes to Urbanization over Coastal South China
Authors: Wu Mengwen , Luo Yali , Chen Fei , Wong Wai Kin
Published: June 2019

Understanding changes in subdaily rainfall extremes is critical to urban planners for building more sustainable and resilient cities. In this study, the hourly precipitation data in 1971–2016 from 61 rain gauges are combined with historical land-use change data to investigate changes in extreme hourly precipitation (EXHP) in the Pearl River delta (PRD) region of South China. Also, 120 extreme rainfall events (EXREs) during 2011–16 are analyzed using observations collected at densely distributed automatic weather stations and radar network. Statistically significant increase of hourly precipitation intensity leads to higher annual amounts of both total and extreme precipitation over the PRD urban cluster in the rapid urbanization period (about 1994–2016) than during the preurbanization era (1971 to about 1993), suggesting a possible link between the enhanced rainfall and the rapid urbanization. Those urbanization-related positive trends are closely related to more frequent occurrence of abrupt rainfall events with short duration (≤6 h) than the continuous or growing rainfall events with longer duration. The 120 EXREs in 2011–16 are categorized into six types according to the originating location and movement of the extreme-rain-producing storms. Despite the wide range of synoptic backgrounds and seasons, rainfall intensification by the strong urban heat island (UHI) effect is a clear signal in all the six types, especially over the inland urban cluster with prominent UHIs. The UHI thermal perturbation probably plays an important role in the convective initiation and intensification of the locally developed extreme-rain-producing storms during the daytime.
Australian welfare workers and street-level discretion when working with clients from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds
Authors: Nguyen Tran
Published: June 2019

This article explores street-level discretion of Australian welfare workers when working with clients from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. The research is situated within the context of New Public Management (NPM) and neoliberalism in the welfare sector. Findings suggest that workers’ discretion oscillates between extra support for clients, or further scrutiny and sanction. Such contradictory patterns of discretion highlight workers’ capacity to resist neoliberalism while concurrently upholding it. The article argues that cultural understanding, recognition of the limitations in welfare-to-work policies and neoliberalism, and how those factors, together with ethnicity, may influence street-level discretion are necessary for welfare workers to support CALD clients effectively.
Dalla sapienza antica alla Vita Nova: “omnia mea mecum sunt”
Authors: Favaro Francesca
Published: June 2019

Il contributo si propone di illustrare la singolare affinità che si può cogliere (pur nella consapevolezza della distanza culturale e della differente genesi del motivo ispiratore) fra la ricerca di autosufficienza interiore, propria di movimenti filosofici del mondo classico, riassunta nel motto latino omnia mea mecum sunt, e l’autosufficienza dell’amore verso Beatrice che – e Dante scopre questa realtà in modo graduale, nel percorso d’illimpidimento intellettuale narrato nel libello della giovinezza – è un amore che vive di sé, di sé si nutre, a sé deve e non può che bastare.
The Impact of Explicit Comprehension Strategy Instruction on First- and Second-Grade At-Risk Students
Authors: Pilonieta Paola , Hathaway Jennifer , Medina Adriana , Casto Amanda
Published: June 2019

This study examined the impact of explicit comprehension strategy instruction supported by guided reading and partner reading on at-risk students’ strategy knowledge and reading comprehension. Participants were 47 first graders (25 in the treatment group; 22 in the control group) and 44 second graders (19 in the treatment group; 25 in the control group). Treatment group participants developed more specific knowledge of strategies, were more likely to apply those strategies during reading, and demonstrated statistically significant growth in reading comprehension. Strong correlations appeared between students’ strategic knowledge and overall comprehension. Implications are addressed at length following the discussion of results.
Two Tales of Cities: Revisiting Sex-Based Occupational Segregation in U.S. Municipal Bureaucracies, 1991-2015
Authors: Hunt Valerie H. , Rucker Larra , Kerr Brinck
Published: June 2019

Drawing upon 24 years (1991-2015) of U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission data, we ask whether sex-based occupational segregation among professional and administrative employees in municipal bureaucracies is related to agency policy missions. We evaluate occupational segregation using two different benchmarks, 30% women and 50% women. At the 30% threshold in distributive and regulatory agencies, our findings suggest erosion of glass walls among professional workforces, but widespread occupational segregation among administrative workforces. At the 50% benchmark, we find a different story. Most cities reach or exceed gender parity in redistributive agencies; however, we observe widespread occupational segregation among administrative and professional workforces in distributive and regulatory agencies. Patterns of sex-based occupational segregation are related to agency policy missions. Analyses of glass walls should not be based on a single benchmark. One option is to supplement evaluations using the customary 30% threshold with evaluations employing a threshold of 50%, or true gender parity.
Salvindolin elicits opioid system-mediated antinociceptive and antidepressant-like activities
Authors: Keasling Adam W , Pandey Pankaj , Doerksen Robert J , Pedrino Gustavo R , Costa Elson A , da Cunha Luiz C , Zjawiony Jordan K , Fajemiroye James O
Published: June 2019

Background:

Salvinorin A is known as a highly selective kappa opioid receptor agonist with antinociceptive but mostly pro-depressive effects.

Aims:

In this article, we present its new semisynthetic analog with preferential mu opioid affinity, and promising antinociceptive, as well as antidepressant-like activities.

Methods:

Competitive binding studies were performed for salvindolin with kappa opioid and mu opioid. The mouse model of nociception (acetic-acid-induced writhing, formalin, and hot plate tests), depression (forced swim and tail suspension tests), and the open field test, were used to evaluate antinociceptive, antidepressant-like, and locomotion effects, respectively, of salvindolin. We built a 3-D molecular model of the kappa opioid receptor, using a mu opioid X-ray crystal structure as a template, and docked salvindolin into the two proteins.

Results/outcomes:

Salvindolin showed affinity towards kappa opioid and mu opioid receptors but with 100-fold mu opioid preference. Tests of salvindolin in mice revealed good oral bioavailability, antinociceptive, and antidepressive-like effects, without locomotor incoordination. Docking of salvindolin showed strong interactions with the mu opioid receptor which matched well with experimental binding data. Salvindolin-induced behavioral changes in the hot plate and forced swim tests were attenuated by naloxone (nonselective opioid receptor antagonist) and/or naloxonazine (selective mu opioid receptor antagonist) but not by nor-binaltorphimine (selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist). In addition, WAY100635 (a selective serotonin 1A receptor antagonist) blocked the antidepressant-like effect of salvindolin.

Conclusions/interpretation:

By simple chemical modification, we were able to modulate the pharmacological profile of salvinorin A, a highly selective kappa opioid receptor agonist, to salvindolin, a ligand with preferential mu opioid receptor affinity and activity on the serotonin 1A receptor. With its significant antinociceptive and antidepressive-like activities, salvindolin has the potential to be an analgesic and/or antidepressant drug candidate.
Can venous cannula design influence venous return and negative pressure with a minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation?
Authors: Bennett Mark J , Hodgkiss Sian , Lloyd Clinton T , Webb Gerry
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Recent advances to make cardiopulmonary bypass more physiological include the use of kinetic-assisted venous drainage but without a venous reservoir. Despite manipulation of intravascular volume and patient positioning, arterial flow is frequently reduced. Negative venous line pressures can be generated, which may elicit gaseous microemboli. We investigated the influence of venous cannula design on venous return and negative venous line pressures.

Methods:

In a single-centre, single-surgeon, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, 48 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery, aortic valve or combined coronary artery and aortic valve surgery, with a minimally invasive circuit, were randomized to a conventional two-stage (2S) or three-stage venous cannula (3S), or to a three-stage venous cannula with additional ‘fenestrated’ ridges (F3S). Blood flow, venous line pressures and gaseous microemboli number and size were measured.

Results:

The pump flow achieved was the same between groups, but in each case fell below the target range of 2.2–2.4 L min–1 m–2. The three-stage cannula recorded significantly lower negative pressure than the other cannulae. The total count and volume of gaseous emboli detected with the F3S cannulae was very high in some cases, with wide heterogeneity.

Discussion:

The low negative pressures recorded with three-stage cannula, despite having a larger drainage orifice area, suggest that negative pressure may be more influenced by lumen diameter and vena cava collapse rather than drainage hole size. The additional fenestrations resulted in flow characteristics and negative pressures similar to the larger two-stage cannula but are associated with generation of gaseous microemboli.
Most TV/Newspapers Partners at Cross Promotion Stage
Authors: Dailey Larry , Demo Lori , Spillman Mary
Published: June 2019

A survey of editors at U.S. daily papers shows that almost 30 percent have partnerships with television stations and those partnerships exist across circulation levels. Yet, few papers are committed to convergence.
Few Papers use Online Techniques to Improve Public Communication
Authors: Rosenberry Jack
Published: June 2019

A content analysis of 47 online newspaper sites finds that few newspapers are using the Internet's interactive technologies to improve the coverage of public affairs.
Where Should Critically Ill Adolescents Receive Care? A Qualitative Interview-Based Study of Perspectives of Staff Working in Adult and Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Wood Dora , Geoghegan Sophie , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Davis Peter J. , Tume Lyvonne , Pappachan John V. , Goodwin Sarah , Wray Jo
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

In the United Kingdom, critically ill adolescents are treated in either adult or pediatric intensive care units (AICUs or PICUs). This study explores staff perspectives on where and how best to care for this distinct group.

Materials and Methods:

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 members of staff (3 medical, 6 nursing, and 3 allied health professionals) working in 4 ICUs; 2 general hospital AICUs and 2 tertiary centre–based PICUs in England. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using framework analysis.

Findings:

One overarching theme was identified, reflecting staff understanding of the term “adolescent,” and this was linked to 2 further themes, each of which had several subthemes. “Needs of the critically ill adolescent” included medical needs, dignity and privacy, issues around consent, and the impact of intensive care admission. “Implications for staff” included managing parental presence and lack of familiarity, and emotional impact, of dealing with this patient group. Some of these factors are currently better accommodated in adult settings.

Conclusions:

Decision-making about the place of care should take into account the individual circumstances of the patient (e.g., nature of their medical condition and previous experiences, maturity, family preference) and not be based only on age at admission. We should work across disciplines to ensure we can discover, and consistently deliver, best practice to meet the needs of critically ill adolescents.
The Triarchic Model of Psychopathy and Antisocial Behavior: Results From an Offender Population With Personality Disorder
Authors: Gray Nicola S. , Blumenthal Stephen , Shuker Richard , Wood Heather , Fonagy Peter , Snowden Robert J.
Published: June 2019

The triarchic model posits that psychopathy is a combination of phenotypes related to boldness, meanness, and disinhibition. We examined how each of these phenotypes of psychopathy related to past violence and antisocial behavior and to behavior within the prison. The sample consisted of men ( n = 108) with a history of serious offending and a diagnosis of personality disorder at the point of admission to a prison serving as a therapeutic community. We took four indices of violence and antisocial behavior, (a) self-report of lifetime proactive and reaction aggression, (b) criminal convictions prior to admission to the prison, (c) exclusion from the prison within 12 months due to rule breaking, and (d) behavior within the first 12 months of admission to the unit. The constructs of the triarchic model, as assessed by the triarchic psychopathy measure (TriPM), were strong predictors of self-reported aggression, with disinhibition being related to both proactive and reactive aggression, whereas boldness was related to proactive aggression alone. Past criminal convictions were also associated with disinhibition, except for convictions for violent behavior. Both meanness and disinhibition were predictive of exclusion from the prison within 12 months for rule-breaking behavior and of aggressive behavior within the prison. The triarchic model of psychopathy is associated with past antisocial behavior and is predictive of antisocial behaviors within the prison, and the different constructs of the triarchic model are associated with different manifestations of antisocial behavior. The TriPM holds great promise for improved assessment and enhanced understanding of psychopathic personality within institutions and can facilitate offender management via improved phenotypic analysis of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition.
Real-world electronic health record identifies antimalarial underprescribing in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Xiong W W , Boone J B , Wheless L , Chung C P , Crofford L J , Barnado A
Published: June 2019

Antimalarials (AMs) reduce disease activity and improve survival in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but studies have reported low AM prescribing frequencies. Using a real-world electronic health record cohort, we examined if patient or provider characteristics impacted AM prescribing. We identified 977 SLE cases, 94% of whom were ever prescribed an AM. Older patients and patients with SLE nephritis were less likely to be on AMs. Current age (odds ratio = 0.97, p < 0.01) and nephritis (odds ratio = 0.16, p < 0.01) were both significantly associated with ever AM use after adjustment for sex and race. Of the 244 SLE nephritis cases, only 63% were currently on AMs. SLE nephritis subjects who were currently prescribed AMs were more likely to be followed by a rheumatologist than a nephrologist and less likely to have undergone dialysis or renal transplant (both p < 0.001). Non-current versus current SLE nephritis AM users had higher serum creatinine ( p < 0.001), higher urine protein ( p = 0.05), and lower hemoglobin levels ( p < 0.01). As AMs reduce disease damage and improve survival in patients with SLE, our results demonstrate an opportunity to target future efforts to improve prescribing rates among multi-specialty providers.
Fencing unmasked: A case of penetrating cranio-orbital injury
Authors: Yu Stephanie Dorothy Pui Ming , Lau James Siu Ki , Chau Yau Ming , Kan Pui Gay
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Transorbital low-velocity penetrating head injuries are uncommon but important. Minor skin wounds may herald intracranial injury with high morbidity and mortality.

Case presentation:

A fencing coach was pierced by a sabre between his nose and right eye resulting in orbital roof fracture and frontal lobe laceration. With prompt recognition of these injuries under multidisciplinary management, he attained uncomplicated recovery.

Conclusion:

The emergency physician should maintain a high index of suspicion for intracranial injury in patients presenting with history of penetrating head injury. Understanding orbital anatomy, injury mechanisms and patterns can facilitate timely management to prevent potentially sight-threatening and life-threatening complications.
The Double-Edged Prospects of Peer-to-Peer Cooperative Learning in Ethiopian Secondary Schools
Authors: Mulisa Feyisa , Kassahun Mekonnen Simret
Published: June 2019

Cooperative learning is an instructional approach that has several advantages to students’ learning. Over the last two decades, Ethiopia has been trying to adopt this approach to its education system. However, little is known about its actual socio-academic advantages and barriers to students. The objective of this study is, therefore, assessing the benefits and barriers associated with this approach to students from Johnson and Johnson’s elements of cooperative learning. Using a focus group discussion method, we collected data from 23 students. Based on classical grounded theory analysis, we found that peer-to-peer cooperative learning (PCL) has several advantages and barriers to students. The primary benefit of PCL is social interaction instead of academic. The attributes of cooperative learning are more than Johnson and Johnson’s five elements of cooperative learning and have double-edged outcomes in school. This study might help to promote benefits and to intervening barriers associated with PCL.