bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A broadband single layer edge‐fed cavity‐backed microstrip antenna
Authors: Zhang H.‐T. , Wang W. , Zhang Z.‐H. , Lu X.‐P.
Published: September 2011

A new configuration of an X‐band planar microstrip antenna is presented.As the base element a single layer cavity‐backed microstrip patch antenna is chosen, and the proposed antenna is optimized by Ansoft HFSS. A metallic cavity is introduced for expanding the frequency band. The simulated and measured results show that the impedance bandwidth with −15 dB return loss is about 24.6%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2831–2834, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26436
Dual‐band applicable CMOS PA with a switched inductor for 802.16e WiMAX application
Authors: Jin Yoo Hyun , Kyu Cho Moon , Geun Kim Jeong , Seong Eo Yun
Published: September 2011

A 2.3/3.5 GHz dual‐band applicable CMOS power amplifier (PA) is implemented using 0.13‐μm CMOS process.To achieve the optimal dual‐band characteristics, a switched inductor is used for the driver amplifier (DA) load. To improve the PAE and linearity at back off power, class AB‐B combined PA transistor cell is used. The measured maximum output power Psat of the dual‐band PA is about 29 dBm and 28 dBm at 2.3 GHz and 3.5 GHz, respectively. The achieved EVM is −30 dB and −26 dB at 23 dBm output power for each band, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2799–2802, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26437
Novel compact size bandstop filter with shorted‐stub loaded ring resonator
Authors: Olvera‐Cervantes José‐Luis , Corona‐Chávez Alonso , Murthy D.V. B.
Published: September 2011

A planar compact bandstop filter (BSF) and a miniaturized resonator structure are presented along with its analytical equation to obtain resonance. The resonator is miniaturized by means of a shorted‐stub which is loaded to a closed‐loop resonator. Design and implementation of a 2.1 GHz BSF with 6% fractional bandwidth is presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2766–2768, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26439
Lifshitz localization‐based reconfigurable photonic crystals
Authors: De Los Santos Héctor J. , Kang Seok‐Won , Banerjee Debjyoti
Published: September 2011

We theoretically investigate programming the functionality of photonic crystals (PCs) by reconfiguring the random location of defects. It is shown, via numerical finite‐difference time‐domain simulations, that the random spatial location of defects, implemented as identical changes in refractive index with respect to the host lattice, has the potential to enable realizing a large number of functions, from optical switching, based on the transition from localized to extended light wave propagation states, to beam steering, and slow light functions. The reconfigurability concept exploits nanofluidic capillarity in nanochannels to change the refractive index properties of individually addressable fluidic‐based defects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2721–2724, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26441
Practical design of a high power L‐band linear phase filter for radar applications
Authors: Venanzoni G. , Morini A. , Farina M.
Published: September 2011

The design procedure of a linear phase filter suited for radar applications in L‐band is presented.It can manage more than 1 KW of peak power, although it is built in a compact case by using coaxial resonators instead of usual rectangular ones. The design is performed by using the adaptive method invented by the authors. The filter was built and measured, showing good agreement between simulations and experiments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2717–2721, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26442
Switch‐mode power amplifier design method
Authors: Božanić Mladen , Sinha Saurabh
Published: September 2011

In this letter, it is shown that doctrines behind the devised switch‐mode design method investigated by means of simulations for 0.35‐μm technology are indeed technology node and application independent.Experimental results verifying this claim are presented for 180‐nm SiGe BiCMOS process. Furthermore, a possible expansion of the method is proposed for mm‐wave applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:2724–2728, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26444
Wide-Awake Trapeziectomy: Video Detailing Local Anesthetic Injection and Surgery
Authors: Farhangkhoee Hana , Lalonde Jan , Lalonde Donald H.
Published: September 2011

The use of local anesthesia with epinephrine and no tourniquet/no sedation is becoming an excellent alternative for hand surgeries. This wide-awake approach is the most commonly used method of anesthesia for carpal tunnel release in Canada. The purpose of this paper is to provide a video detailing this technique for trapeziectomy for trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis.
Arrachement du scrotum par morsure humaine: présentation d’un cas et revue de la littérature
Authors: Dekou A. , Fofana A. , Vodi C. , Gowe E. , Manzan K.
Published: September 2011

La morsure humaine des organes génitaux externes est rare. Nous rapportons un cas de plaie scrotale par morsure humaine, liée à un différend d’ordre sexuel. La lésion était une plaie récente par arrachement du sommet du scrotum, sans atteinte testiculaire. Cette plaie a été favorablement traitée par un parage et une suture scrotale sous couverture d’une antibiothérapie, avec un calendrier vaccinal contre le tétanos à jour.
Myiase préputiale: à propos d’une observation
Authors: Sarr A. , Sow D. , Diao B. , Ndoye A. K. , Gueye O. , Ba M. , Diagne B. A.
Published: September 2011

Nous rapportons un cas de myiase préputiale chez un enfant qui a consulté pour une tuméfaction pénienne douloureuse faisant croire à une balanoposthite. Le traitement a consisté à une extraction manuelle du ver suivie d’une circoncision. L’examen parasitologique du ver a permis d’identifier une larve de Cordylobia anthropophaga de stade 3. À travers cette observation et une revue de la littérature, nous allons discuter des particularités épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des myiases humaines.
Brand Personality Factor Based Models: A Critical Review
Authors: Avis Mark
Published: September 2011

Brand personality has become an increasingly important concept within brand theory and factor based research is the method most widely used in the study of brand personality. There have been critiques of some aspects of early factor models, leading to an evolution and improvement in the methods used in factor model development. However, several problems remain which have yet to be addressed, and these raise questions about what exactly the factor models are measuring. This paper introduces and explains the problems of category confusions, domain meaning shifts, and the descriptor selection problem. In doing so, the paper extends existing critiques of the methods in brand personality factor research, and raises questions about the validity of current factor based models. The paper concludes with a recommendation that brand personality researchers re-evaluate their models and the brand personality concept, and that brand personality returns to its roots in qualitative projective methods.
Robotic radical parametrectomy for unstaged invasive endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Frey Melissa K. , Worley Michael J. , Slomovitz Brian M.
Published: September 2011

A 51‐year‐old woman underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for complex hyperplasia; however, final postoperative pathology revealed a deeply invasive high‐grade adenocarcinoma. The patient was, therefore, unstaged. Forty‐five days later, she underwent robot‐assisted radical parametrectomy, upper vaginectomy, and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy with pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node dissection.
Shrink-Induced Single-Cell Plastic Microwell Array
Authors: Lew Valerie , Nguyen Diep , Khine Michelle
Published: September 2011

The ability to interrogate and track single cells over time in a high-throughput format would provide critical information for fundamental biological understanding of processes and for various applications, including drug screening and toxicology. We have developed an ultrarapid and simple method to create single-cell wells of controllable diameter and depth with commodity shrink-wrap film and tape. Using a programmable CO2 laser, we cut hole arrays into the tape. The tape then serves as a shadow mask to selectively etch wells into commodity shrink-wrap film by O2 plasma. When the shrink-wrap film retracts upon briefly heating, high-aspect plastic microwell arrays with diameters down to 20 μm are readily achieved. We calibrated the loading procedure with fluorescent microbeads. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the wells by loading fluorescently labeled single human embryonic stem cells into the wells.
Strategies for Implementing Hardware-Assisted High-Throughput Cellular Image Analysis
Authors: Tse Henry Tat Kwong , Meng Pingfan , Gossett Daniel R. , Irturk Ali , Kastner Ryan , Di Carlo Dino
Published: September 2011

Recent advances in imaging technology for biomedicine, including high-speed microscopy, automated microscopy, and imaging flow cytometry are poised to have a large impact on clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, and biological research. Enhanced acquisition speed, resolution, and automation of sample handling are enabling researchers to probe biological phenomena at an increasing rate and achieve intuitive image-based results. However, the rich image sets produced by these tools are massive, possessing potentially millions of frames with tremendous depth and complexity. As a result, the tools introduce immense computational requirements, and, more importantly, the fact that image analysis operates at a much lower speed than image acquisition limits its ability to play a role in critical tasks in biomedicine such as real-time decision making. In this work, we present our strategy for high-throughput image analysis on a graphical processing unit platform. We scrutinized our original algorithm for detecting, tracking, and analyzing cell morphology in high-speed images and identified inefficiencies in image filtering and potential shortcut routines in the morphological analysis stage. Using our “grid method” for image enhancements resulted in an 8.54× reduction in total run time, whereas origin centering allowed using a look up table for coordinate transformation, which reduced the total run time by 55.64×. Optimization of parallelization and implementation of specialized image processing hardware will ultimately enable real-time analysis of high-throughput image streams and bring wider adoption of assays based on new imaging technologies.
Shelfbreak upwelling induced by alongshore currents: analytical and numerical results
Authors: Miller Robert N. , Matano Ricardo P. , Palma Elbio D.
Published: September 2011

Alongshore flow in the direction of propagation of coastal trapped waves can result in upwelling at the shelfbreak. The intensity of this upwelling can be comparable in magnitude to wind-driven coastal upwelling, with its associated ecological features. Recent numerical experiments by Matano & Palma indicate that this upwelling results from convergence of Ekman transport at the shelfbreak. The mechanism for this phenomenon can be understood in terms of steady solutions to the shallow water equations in the presence of Coriolis force and bottom drag. Matano & Palma interpreted their numerical results in terms of the arrested topographic wave, but did not present direct comparisons. Here we present a family of analytical solutions to the equations of the arrested topographic wave that shows striking quantitative agreement with earlier numerical results.
On the propagation of non-isothermal gravity currents in an inclined porous layer
Authors: Rayward-Smith W. J. , Woods Andrew W.
Published: September 2011

We consider the buoyancy-driven flow in an inclined porous layer which results when fluid of different temperature and composition to that in the reservoir is injected from a horizontal line well. The thermal inertia of the porous matrix leads to a transition in the temperature of the injectate as it spreads from the well and heats up to reservoir temperature. Since the buoyancy and viscosity of the injectate change across this thermal transition, the alongslope characteristic speed of the current also changes. Density and viscosity typically decrease with temperature and, so, for injectate that is positively buoyant at reservoir temperature, the changes in density and viscosity with temperature have complementary effects on the characteristic speed. In contrast, for injectate that is negatively buoyant at reservoir temperature, the changes in viscosity and density with temperature have competing influences on the characteristic speed. The change in characteristic speed, combined with the change in buoyancy across the thermal transition, leads to a series of different flow morphologies with the thermally adjusted injectate either running ahead of or lagging behind the original injectate. By approximating the thermal transition as a discrete jump, we derive the leading-order structure of these currents for the different possible cases. We then build on this to develop a more detailed boundary layer description of the thermal transition based on the theory of thin gravity driven flows in porous media. Under certain injection conditions, we show that the thermal transition is gravitationally unstable and that this may lead to mixing across the thermal transition. We consider the implications of the models for several industrial processes including geothermal heat recovery, aquifer thermal storage and carbon dioxide sequestration.
Determination of prey capture rates in the stony coralGalaxea fascicularis: a critical reconsideration of the clearance rate concept
Authors: Osinga Ronald , Van Delft Sanne , Lewaru Muhammad Wahyudin , Janse Max , Verreth Johan A.J.
Published: September 2011

In order to determine optimal feeding regimes for captive corals, prey capture by the scleractinian coralGalaxea fasciculariswas determined by measuring clearance of prey items from the surrounding water. Colonies ofG. fascicularis(sized between 200 and 400 polyps) were incubated in 1300 ml incubation chambers. Nauplii of the brine shrimpArtemiasp. were used as the prey item. A series of incubation experiments was conducted to determine the maximal capture per feeding event and per day. To determine maximal capture per feeding event, total uptake of nauplii after one hour was determined for different prey item availabilities ranging from 50 to 4000 nauplii per polyp. To determine maximal capture per day, the corals were subjected to four repetitive feeding events at three different prey item densities (50, 100 and 150 nauplii per polyp). Alongside these quantitative experiments, it was tested to what extent the feeding response of corals is triggered by chemical cues. One hour after food addition, extract ofArtemianauplii was added to the incubation chambers to test its effect on subsequent prey capture rates. In all experiments, prey capture was expressed as the number of nauplii consumed per coral polyp. Total capture ofArtemianauplii byG. fascicularisafter a single feeding event increased linearly up till a prey item availability of 2000 nauplii per polyp. Maximal capture per feeding event was estimated at 1200 nauplii per polyp, which is higher than rates reported in previous studies. It became apparent that at high densities ofArtemianauplii, the clearance rate method does not discriminate between active capture and passive sedimentation. Repetitive feeding with 50 nauplii per polyp resulted in a constant total prey capture per feeding event. At a supply of 100 nauplii per polyp, total capture decreased after the first feeding event, and remained constant during the subsequent feeding events at a level comparable to the lower food availability. However, at a supply of 150 nauplii per polyp, total capture per event was higher throughout the entire four-hour incubation period, which obfuscates an accurate estimation of the maximal daily food uptake. In all incubations, a decrease in capture efficiency was observed within the course of the feeding event. In all repetitive feeding experiments, capture efficiency increased immediately upon addition of a new batch of food. This increase in efficiency was not caused by a priming effect of extract ofArtemia. The inconsistencies in the data show that estimates of prey capture based on clearance rates should be interpreted with caution, because this method does not take into account potential dynamics of prey capture and release.
Actinia ebhayiensissp. nov., a new species of sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from South Africa
Authors: Schama Renata , Mitchell Michela , Solé-Cava Antonio Mateo
Published: September 2011

In this work we describeActinia ebhayiensissp. nov. from South Africa. The species is externally similar to the type species of the genus,Actinia equina, from which it can be distinguished by nematocyst and allozyme data.Actinia ebhayiensishas a smooth, red column, with well-delimited parapet leading to a deep fosse where conspicuous blue acrorhagi can be found. Tentacles and oral disc are crimson red, and the pedal disc has a lighter pink colour. The microbasicp-mastigophores andb-mastigophores of the mesenterial filaments of the new species are significantly smaller than those ofA. equina. Actinia ebhayiensiscan also be clearly distinguished from other species of the genus in nematocyst measurements, genetic data and muscle morphology.
The mushroom coral as a habitat
Authors: Hoeksema Bert W. , Van der Meij Sancia E.T. , Fransen Charles H.J.M.
Published: September 2011

The evolution of symbiotic relationships involving reef corals has had much impact on tropical marine biodiversity. Because of their endosymbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) corals can grow fast in tropical shallow seas where they form reefs that supply food, substrate and shelter for other organisms. Many coral symbionts are host-specific, depending on particular coral species for their existence. Some of these animals have become popular objects for underwater photographers and aquarists, whereas others are hardly noticed or considered pests. Loss of a single coral host species also leads to the disappearance of some of its associated fauna. In the present study we show which mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) are known to act as hosts for other organisms, such as acoel flatworms, copepods, barnacles, gall crabs, pontoniine shrimps, mytilid bivalves, epitoniid snails, coralliophilid snails, fish and certain types of zooxanthellae. Several of these associated organisms appear to be host-specific whereas other species are generalists and not even necessarily restricted to fungiid hosts.Heliofungia actiniformisis one of the most hospitable coral species known with a recorded associated fauna consisting of at least 23 species. The availability of a phylogeny reconstruction of the Fungiidae enables comparisons of closely related species of mushroom corals regarding their associated fauna. Application of a phylogenetic ecological analysis indicates that the presence or absence of associated organisms is evolutionarily derived or habitat-induced. Some associations appear to be restricted to certain evolutionary lineages within the Fungiidae, whereas the absence of associated species may be determined by ecomorphological traits of the host corals, such as coral dimensions (coral diameter and thickness) and polyp shape (tentacle size).
Identification of a gene cluster for cell-surface genes of the SRS superfamily inNeospora caninumand characterization of the novelSRS9gene
Authors: RISCO-CASTILLO V. , MARUGÁN-HERNÁNDEZ V. , FERNÁNDEZ-GARCÍA A. , AGUADO-MARTÍNEZ A. , JIMÉNEZ-RUIZ E. , RODRÍGUEZ-MARCO S. , ÁLVAREZ-GARCÍA G. , ORTEGA-MORA L. M.
Published: September 2011

Here we present the detection of a gene cluster forNeospora caninumsurface genes, similar to theToxoplasma gondiiSRS9 locus, and the cloning and characterization of the NcSRS9gene. PCR genome walking, using NcBSR4gene as a framework, allows the identification, upstream NcBSR4, of 2 sequences homologous to theSRS5and the Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase genes and, downstream NcBSR4, of an ORF of 1191 bp coding for a 396-amino acid polypeptide with 59% similarity to the TgSRS9 antigen. A putative 39-residue signal peptide was found at the NH2-terminus followed by a hydrophilic region, and a potential site for a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor at the COOH-terminus. A recombinant NcSRS9 protein was produced and was recognized on a Western blot by a low proportion of sera from a panel of naturally infected cows and calves. In addition, Western blot analysis using polyclonal anti-rNcSRS9 revealed stage-specific expression of NcSRS9 in bradyzoites but not in tachyzoites, and immunohistochemistry on brain from a congenitally infected calf showed NcSRS9 recognition in bradyzoites contained in tissue cysts. However, bradyzoite-specific expression of NcSRS9 could not be proven by immunofluorescence on bradyzoites obtainedin vitroand RT-PCR analysis showed no significant variations of NcSRS9transcripts duringin vitrotachyzoite-bradyzoite switch, probably due to incomplete maturity ofin vitrobradyzoites. Initial characterization of NcSRS9 in this study may lead to further studies for a better understanding ofN. caninumpersistence.
The effects of dietary non-starch polysaccharides onAscaridia galliinfection in grower layers
Authors: DAŞ G. , ABEL H. , HUMBURG J. , SCHWARZ A. , RAUTENSCHLEIN S. , BREVES G. , GAULY M.
Published: September 2011

This study examined whetherAscaridia galliinfection can be controlled by dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in chickens. One-day-old chicks were fed either a basal diet (CON) or CON plus insoluble NSP (I-NSP), or CON plus soluble NSP (S-NSP) for 11 weeks. Three weeks later, birds from half of each feeding group were inoculated with 250 embryonated eggs ofA. galli, and slaughtered 8 weeks post-infection to determine worm counts. Both NSP diets, particularly S-NSP, increased prevalence of infection (P<0·05) and worm burden (roughly +50%) of the birds (P<0·001).A. galliinfection caused a less efficient (P=0·013) feed utilization for body weight gain (BWG) resulting in lower body weights (P<0·001) irrespective of type of diet consumed. NSP-fed birds, particularly those on I-NSP, consumed more (+8%) feed per unit BWG and showed retarded (P<0·001) BW development compared to CON-fed birds. Intracaecal pH was lowered by S-NSP (P<0·05). Both NSP diets increased the volatile fatty acids pool size in caeca (P<0·001) with S-NSP exerting a greater effect (+46%) than I-NSP (+24%). It is concluded that both NSPs supplemented diets alter gastrointestinal environment in favour of the nematode establishment, and thus have no potential for controllingA. galliinfection in chickens.
A functional account of verb use in the early stages of English multiword development
Authors: CAMERON-FAULKNER THEA
Published: September 2011

The present study investigates flexibility of verb use in the early stages of English multiword development, and its relationship with patterns attested in the input. The data is taken from a case study of a monolingual English-speaking boy aged 2 ; 5–2 ; 9 and his mother while engaged in daily activities in the home. Data were coded according to Halliday's (1975) functional system. The findings suggest that early multiword verb use is functionally restricted and closely tied to verb use in the input.
Influence of the Antarctic Oscillation, the Pacific–South American modes and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the Antarctic surface temperature and pressure variations
Authors: Yu Lejiang , Zhang Zhanhai , Zhou Mingyu , Zhong Sharon , Lenschow Donald , Hsu Hsiaoming , Wu Huiding , Sun Bo
Published: September 2011

In this study, the impacts of the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), the Pacific–South American teleconnection (PSA) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Antarctic sea level pressure and surface temperature are investigated using surface observational data, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40 Year Re-analysis (ERA-40) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) re-analysis data from 1958–2001. There is the most significant correlation between PSA and Antarctic sea level pressure and surface temperature in the northern Antarctic Peninsula during four seasons. But the correlation between Southern Oscillation Index and surface temperature and sea level pressure is significant at some stations only in spring. The three indices can explain a large portion of the trends found in sea level pressure and temperature at some stations, but not at all stations. Among the three indices the most important contribution to the trends in the two surface variables comes from AAO, followed by PSA, and finally by ENSO. The two re-analysis datasets show great similarity for the trends in surface temperature and sea level pressure in April–May and October–November, but not December–February. In summer the trends in surface temperature and sea level pressure in East Antarctica for ERA-40 re-analysis are opposite to those of NCEP re-analysis.
Blue ice areas and their topographical properties in the Lambert glacier, Amery Iceshelf system using Landsat ETM+, ICESat laser altimetry and ASTER GDEM data
Authors: Yu Jaehyung , Liu Hongxing , Wang Lei , Jezek Kenneth C. , Heo Joonghyeok
Published: September 2011

Blue ice extent and its geographical distribution during the three years from December 1999–January 2003 have been mapped together with rock exposure areas for the entire Lambert-Amery glacial basin at an unprecedented level of spatial detail using Landsat ETM+ images. Various geometric and shape attributes for each blue ice patch have been derived. The total area of blue ice is estimated to be 20 422 km2, accounting for 1.48% of the glacial basin. We also found that the image texture information is helpful for distinguishing different types of blue ice: rough blue ice, smooth blue ice, and level blue ice. Rough blue ice areas are mostly associated with glacial dynamics and located in relatively low elevation regions, smooth blue ice areas are often related to nunataks and mountains, steep slopes and wind blows, and level blue ice areas are formed by melt-induced lakes in the margin of the ice shelf and melt-induced ponds on the ice shelf in low elevations. The elevation and surface slope properties of different types of blue ice area are characterized through regional topographical analysis with ICESat laser altimetry data. The effect of mountain height on the blue ice extent is also examined with local topographic profile analysis based on the ASTER global digital elevation model. The wide variation of the ratio of blue ice area length to mountain height indicates that the factors controlling the formation and extent of blue ice are more complicated than we previously thought.
Salazar, the Portuguese Army and Great War Commemoration, 1936–45
Authors: DE MENESES FILIPE RIBEIRO
Published: September 2011

António de Oliveira Salazar, dictatorial premier of Portugal from 1932 to 1968, like most conservatives of his generation, had opposed Portugal's intervention in the Great War. Once in power, and especially during his time as Minister of War (1936–44), Salazar attempted to wind down the commemoration ceremonies, which centred on 9 April. His failure to do so is very revealing of the difficult relationship between Salazar and the Portuguese army, which was the main beneficiary of these ceremonies, and which saw itself as having a privileged role within Salazar's New State.
National Identities for Export: East European Cultural Diplomacy in Inter-War Pittsburgh
Authors: NAGY ZSOLT
Published: September 2011

This article examines inter-war east-central European cultural diplomacy as played out in one apparently remote locale: the Nationality Rooms of the Cathedral of Learning at the University of Pittsburgh. Here, a local project originally intended to pay homage to the various immigrants of the Steel City was transformed into a transatlantic project in which the Czechoslovak, Hungarian and Romanian governments (among others) each aimed to construct and propagate a national image abroad. A close looks at this particular ‘transnational construction site’ reveals a surprisingly complex entanglement of cultural production, the construction of national identities, and foreign policy. Battles over space and artistic content also lay bare the sense of competition, urgency and anxiety that, this article argues, characterised inter-war cultural diplomacy in east-central Europe.
Kundenbezogene Arbeitsanforderungen und -aufgaben von VerkäuferInnen (KAVEK)
Authors: Scherp Ella , Antoni Conny H.
Published: September 2011

Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die Entwicklung und Validierung eines neuen Instruments zur bedingungsbezogenen Analyse der kundenbezogenen Arbeitsanforderungen von VerkäuferInnen aus der Perspektive der Vorgesetzten, der VerkäuferInnen und der Kunden dar. Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des Instruments wurden in den Stichproben der Vorgesetzten (N = 52), VerkäuferInnen (N = 157) und Kunden (N = 511) von drei Einzelhandelsvertriebsformen (Warenhaus, Supermarkt, SB-Warenhaus) getestet. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen ergaben eine gute Modellpassung für ein Drei-Faktoren-Modell: Umgang mit Reklamationen, Ermitteln von Kundenaufträgen, Beziehungsaufbau zum Kunden mit befriedigenden bis sehr guten internen Konsistenzen der Skalen. Erwartungskonform wurden die drei Anforderungsdimensionen innerhalb der drei Vertriebsformen ähnlich, jedoch zwischen den Vertriebsformen nur zum Teil unterschiedlich beurteilt. Wie postuliert, konnten kundenbezogene Arbeitsanforderungen von kundenorientiertem VerkäuferInnenverhalten unterschieden werden. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen für die Konstruktvalidität des Instruments. Damit eignet sich das neue Analyseinstrument für die Erfassung kundenbezogener Arbeitsanforderungen von VerkäuferInnen und kann in der Forschung und Praxis eingesetzt werden.
A Psychometric Evaluation of a Brief School Relationship Questionnaire
Authors: Dong Yang , Liu Ying , Ding Cody
Published: September 2011

This study evaluates a brief version of the school relationship questionnaire and determines its psychometric properties. The concept of school relationship is important to student outcomes, including academic performance, risk behaviors, and mental health. Typically, measures of school life have tended to be multidimensional, covering various areas of student life on campus. In this study, we focus on a relationship component as an essential aspect of school climate concept. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis were conducted based on samples from two countries (United States and China). Results indicate that the data fit a three-factor model (Relationship with school, Relationship with teachers, and Relationship with peers) with good factor structure and internal consistency. These results were replicated across countries.
Psychometric Properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C)
Authors: Ogliari Anna , Scaini Simona , Kofler Michael J. , Lampis Valentina , Zanoni Annalisa , Pesenti-Gritti Paola , Spatola Chiara A. M. , Battaglia Marco , Beidel Deborah C.
Published: September 2011

Reliable and valid self-report questionnaires could be useful as initial screening instruments for social phobia in both clinical settings and general populations. The present study investigates the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) in a sample of 228 children from the Italian general population aged 8 to 11. The children were asked to complete the Italian version of the SPAI-C and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that social phobia can be conceptualized as a unitary construct consisting of five distinct but interrelated symptom clusters named Assertiveness, General Conversation, Physical/Cognitive Symptoms, Avoidance, and Public Performance. Internal consistency of the SPAI-C total scores and two subscales was good; correlations between SPAI-C total scores and SCARED total scores/subscales ranged from moderate to high (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, for social phobia), with the SCARED Social Phobia subscale as the best predictor of SPAI-C total scores. The results indicate that the SPAI-C is a reliable and sensitive instrument suitable for identifying Social Phobia in the young Italian general population.
Cytoprotective effect of trolox against oxidative damage and apoptosis in the NRK‐52e cells induced by melamine
Authors: Guo Chengzhi , He Zuping , Wen Lixin , Zhu Li , Lu Yin , Deng Sijun , Yang Yang , Wei Qiang , Yuan Hui
Published: September 2011

An outbreak of urinary stones associated with consumption of melamine‐tainted milk products occurred in 2008 in China, leading to serious illness of many infants and even death. However, the toxicity of melamine in kidney epithelial cells remains unclear. We have explored the effects of melamine and trolox on renal NRK‐52e (normal rat kidney 52e) cells. The IC50 of melamine was measured by MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide] assay. Total SOD (superoxide dismutase) was determined by NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium) staining method. GSH‐Px (glutathione peroxidase) activity was detected by UV colorimetric assay, and MDA (malondialdehyde) content was determined by thiobarbituric acid assay. Apoptosis induced by melamine was determined by flow cytometry. The IC50 increased when NRK‐52e cells were treated with both melamine and trolox compared with melamine only. SOD and GSH‐Px activities were decreased, but MDA content was increased by melamine in a dose‐dependent manner. Trolox significantly enhanced SOD and GSH‐Px activity in melamine‐treated NRK‐52e cells, but it decreased their MDA content. LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) activity and the level of ROS (reactive oxygen species) of the NRK‐52e cells were enhanced by melamine compared with the control. Furthermore, the apoptosis rate increased in NRK‐52e cells treated with melamine, whereas trolox was protective. These results show that melamine has an obvious adverse effect on proliferation of NRK‐52e cells, causing oxidative damage and apoptosis, thus providing a novel insight into renal cytotoxicology of melamine. Trolox ameliorates the effect on melamine toxicity.
Microfluidic endothelial cell culture model to replicate disturbed flow conditions seen in atherosclerosis susceptible regions
Authors: Estrada Rosendo , Giridharan Guruprasad A. , Nguyen Mai-Dung , Prabhu Sumanth D. , Sethu Palaniappan
Published: September 2011

Atherosclerotic lesions occur non-randomly at vascular niches in bends and bifurcations where fluid flow can be characterized as “disturbed” (low shear stress with both forward and retrograde flow). Endothelial cells (ECs) at these locations experience significantly lower average shear stress without change in the levels of pressure or strain, which affects the local balance in mechanical stresses. Common in vitro models of atherosclerosis focus primarily on shear stress without accounting for pressure and strain loading. To overcome this limitation, we used our microfluidic endothelial cell culture model (ECCM) to achieve accurate replication of pressure, strain, and shear stress waveforms associated with both normal flow seen in straight sections of arteries and disturbed flow seen in the abdominal aorta in the infrarenal segment at the wall distal to the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), which is associated with high incidence of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were cultured within the ECCM under both normal and disturbed flow and evaluated for cell shape, cytoskeletal alignment, endothelial barrier function, and inflammation using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Results clearly demonstrate quantifiable differences between cells cultured under disturbed flow conditions, which are cuboidal with short and randomly oriented actin microfilaments and show intermittent expression of β-Catenin and cells cultured under normal flow. However, in the absence of pro-inflammatory stimulation, the levels of expression of activation markers: intra cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and vascular endothelial cell growth factor – receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) known to be involved in the initiation of plaque formation were only slightly higher in HAECs cultured under disturbed flow in comparison to cells cultured under normal flow.
Microfluidic separation of viruses from blood cells based on intrinsic transport processes
Authors: Zhao Chao , Cheng Xuanhong
Published: September 2011

Clinical analysis of acute viral infection in blood requires the separation of viral particles from blood cells, since the cytoplasmic enzyme inhibits the subsequent viral detection. To facilitate this procedure in settings without access to a centrifuge, we present a microfluidic device to continuously purify bionanoparticles from cells based on their different intrinsic movements on the microscale. In this device, a biological sample is layered on top of a physiological buffer, and both fluids are transported horizontally at the same flow rate in a straight channel under laminar flow. While the micron sized particles such as cells sediment to the bottom layer with a predictable terminal velocity, the nanoparticles move vertically by diffusion. As their vertical travel distances have a different dependence on time, the micro- and nanoparticles can preferentially reside in the bottom and top layers respectively after certain residence time, yielding purified viruses. We first performed numerical analysis to predicate the particle separation and then tested the theory using suspensions of synthetic particles and biological samples. The experimental results using dilute synthetic particles closely matched the numerical analysis of a two layer flow system containing different sized particles. Similar purification was achieved using diluted blood spiked with human immunodeficiency virus. However, viral purification in whole blood is compromised due to extensive bioparticle collisions. With the parallelization and automation potential offered by microfluidics, this device has the potential to function as an upstream sample preparation module to continuously provide cell depleted bio-nanoparticles for downstream analysis.
Low-frequency Raman scattering from silicon nanostructures
Authors: Shukla A. K. , Kumar Vivek
Published: September 2011

Low-frequency Raman scattering due to acoustic phonons is studied for silicon nanostructures. The lineshapes of the first-order Raman active modes exhibit asymmetry. A tail is observed toward low frequency and high frequency for the optic mode and acoustic mode, respectively. The Raman lineshapes of these modes are determined by a Gaussian envelope function convoluted with the vibrational density of states. The observed blueshift of the acoustic mode with reducing size of the nanostructures can be explained by the relaxation of the wavevector selection rule (q = 0), which is used in the phonon confinement model for positive-slope (dω/dq > 0) phonon dispersion. Because the acoustic and optical phonon branches have high positive and moderate negative slopes, respectively, around the “Gamma”-point in the phonon dispersion, a larger Raman shift of the acoustic mode to a higher frequency is observed in comparison with the shift to a lower frequency of the optic mode for a given nanostructure size.
Improvement of thermoelectric properties for half-Heusler TiNiSn by interstitial Ni defects
Authors: Hazama Hirofumi , Matsubara Masato , Asahi Ryoji , Takeuchi Tsunehiro
Published: September 2011

We have synthesized off-stoichiometric Ti-Ni-Sn half-Heusler thermoelectrics in order to investigate the relation between randomly distributed defects and thermoelectric properties. A small change in the composition of Ti-Ni-Sn causes a remarkable change in the thermal conductivity. An excess content of Ni realizes a low thermal conductivity of 2.93 W/mK at room temperature while keeping a high power factor. The low thermal conductivity originates in the defects generated by an excess content of Ni. To investigate the detailed defect structure, we have performed first-principles calculations and compared with x ray photoemission spectroscopy measurement. Based on these analyses, we conclude that the excess Ni atoms randomly occupy the vacant sites in the half-Heusler structure, which play as phonon scattering centers, resulting in significant improvement of the figure of merit without any substitutions of expensive heavy elements, such as Zr and Hf.
Unipolar and bipolar operation of InAs/InSb nanowire heterostructure field-effect transistors
Authors: Nilsson Henrik A. , Caroff Philippe , Lind Erik , Pistol Mats-Erik , Thelander Claes , Wernersson Lars-Erik
Published: September 2011

We present temperature dependent electrical measurements on n-type InAs/InSb nanowire heterostructure field-effect transistors. The barrier height of the heterostructure junction is determined to be 220 meV, indicating a broken bandgap alignment. A clear asymmetry is observed when applying a bias to either the InAs or the InSb side of the junction. Impact ionization and band-to-band tunneling is more pronounced when the large voltage drop occurs in the narrow bandgap InSb segment. For small negative gate-voltages, the InSb segment can be tuned toward p-type conduction, which induces a strong band-to-band tunneling across the heterostructucture junction.
Orthorhombic distortion and novel magnetic phase separation in Pr0.5Eu0.5MnO3
Authors: Karmakar A. , Majumdar S. , Giri S.
Published: September 2011

Structural and magnetic measurements were done on polycrystalline manganite, Pr0.5Eu0.5MnO3. The Rietveld refinement of the x-ray powder diffraction pattern at room temperature suggests considerable Jahn-Teller distortion due to ionic size mismatch of the isovalent ions. Dc and ac magnetometry suggest a disordered antiferromagnetic (AFM) state, exhibiting glassy magnetic behavior at low temperature. Cooling in a static magnetic field reveals a considerable shift of the magnetic hysteresis loops, a typical manifestation of exchange bias. Interestingly, we observe the absence of training effect in exchange bias. The temperature, cooling field dependent study of exchange bias, and absence of exchange bias in La0.5Eu0.5MnO3 suggest a novel low temperature phase separation between a disordered AFM phase induced by the Mn moments and another highly anisotropic phase involving ordering related to the rare-earth moments. It appears that this unique magnetic ground state exhibiting exchange bias is a consequence of the structural distortion inherent in the system.
Resonance and localization effects at a dipolar organic semiconductor interface
Authors: Steele Mary P. , Kelly Leah L. , Ilyas Nahid , Monti Oliver L. A.
Published: September 2011

The image state manifold of the dipolar organic semiconductor vanadyl naphthalocyanine (VONc) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite is investigated by angle-resolved two-photon photoemission (AR-TPPE) spectroscopy in the 0 – 1 monolayer regimes. Interfacial charge-transfer from the image potential state of clean graphite populates a near-resonant VONc anion level, identifiable by the graphite image potential state by its distinct momentum dispersion obtained from AR-TPPE. This affinity level is subject to depolarization by the neighboring molecules, resulting in stabilization of this state with coverage. Near a coverage of one monolayer, a hybrid image potential/anion state is also formed, showing progressive localization with coverage. Intensities for all these features develop rather differently with molecular coverage, pointing towards the different types of charge-transfer interactions at play at this interface.
On warped product Finsler spaces of Landsberg type
Authors: Hushmandi Ataabak B. , Rezaii Morteza M.
Published: September 2011

Using the Cartan connection for the study of the warped product Finsler spaces, we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for such manifolds to be Riemannian, Landsberg, Berwald, and locally Minkowski, separately. Using the theorems, we deal with the problem of finding non-Berwald Landsberg manifolds. Remarkably, we prove that a manifold of this type having the lowest dimension cannot be of warped product type. We also construct infinitely many new examples of Berwald manifolds of dimension 2 + k for every positive integer k, which are not locally Minkowski. We give the method of constructing infinitely many of such manifolds. As corollaries, we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for the Sasaki-Finsler metric G of a warped product Finsler manifold to be bundlelike for the vertical foliation, and the necessary and sufficient conditions on a warped product Finsler manifold to have the vertical foliation on the Riemannian manifold (M′, G) be totally geodesic.
A generalized mean field theory of coarse-graining
Authors: Krishna Vinod , Larini Luca
Published: September 2011

A general mean field theory is presented for the construction of equilibrium coarse-grained models. Inverse methods that reconstruct microscopic models from low resolution experimental data can be derived as particular implementations of this theory. The theory also applies to the opposite problem of reduction, where relevant information is extracted from available equilibrium ensemble data. Additionally, a complementary approach is presented and problems of representability in coarse-grained modeling analyzed using information theoretic arguments. These problems are central to the construction of coarse-grained representations of complex systems, and commonly used coarse-graining methods and variational principles for coarse-graining are derived as particular cases of the general theory.
Local and nonlocal pressure Hessian effects in real and synthetic fluid turbulence
Authors: Chevillard Laurent , Lévêque Emmanuel , Taddia Francesco , Meneveau Charles , Yu Huidan , Rosales Carlos
Published: September 2011

The Lagrangian dynamics of the velocity gradient tensor A in isotropic and homogeneous turbulence depends on the joint action of the self-stretching term and the pressure Hessian. Existing closures for pressure effects in terms of A are unable to reproduce one important statistical role played by the anisotropic part of the pressure Hessian, namely the redistribution of the probabilities towards enstrophy production dominated regions. As a step towards elucidating the required properties of closures, we study several synthetic velocity fields and how well they reproduce anisotropic pressure effects. It is found that synthetic (1) Gaussian, (2) multifractal, and (3) minimal turnover Lagrangian map incompressible velocity fields reproduce many features of real pressure fields that are obtained from numerical simulations of the Navier Stokes equations, including the redistribution towards enstrophy-production regions. The synthetic fields include both spatially local, and nonlocal, anisotropic pressure effects. However, we show that the local effects appear to be the most important ones by assuming that the pressure Hessian is local in space, an expression in terms of the Hessian of the second invariant Q of the velocity gradient tensor can be obtained. This term is found to be well correlated with the true pressure Hessian both in terms of eigenvalue magnitudes and eigenvector alignments.