bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplikasi Registrasi Laporan Pertanggungjawaban Kegiatan Pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Soppeng
Authors: Villa Waru Misveria , Riskayani
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa aplikasi Registrasi Laporan             Pertanggungjawaban Kegiatan Pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Soppeng, dan merancang Aplikasi Registrasi Laporan Pertanggungjawaban Kegiatan Pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Soppeng sesuai dengan analisa aplikasi yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Serta mengimplementasikan Aplikasi Registrasi Laporan Pertanggungjawaban Kegiatan Pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Soppeng. Aplikasi ini dirancang dengan menggunakan DFD (Data Flow Diagram) dengan pengembangan SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) dengan model Waterfall, kemudian diimplementasikan menggunakan pemrograman Web, dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Aplikasi Registrasi Laporan Pertanggungjawaban Kegiatan Pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Soppeng
Sistem Monitoring Audio Streaming Pada Stasiun Radio Suara Adyafiri
Authors: Suherman  , Narmianti
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang Sistem Monitoring Audio Streaming Pada Stasiun Radio Suara Adyafiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Merancang dan mengimplementasikan Sistem Monitoring Audio Streaming Pada Stasiun Radio Suara Adyafiri. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian Kualitatif. Tehnik pengumpalan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Observasi, Wawancara dan studi pustaka. Teknik pengembangan sistem menggunakan metode system development life cycle dan sistem monitoring audio streaming menggunakan shoutcast server dan client. Berdasarkan hasil implementasi yang dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa Monitoring Audio Streaming Pada Stasiun Radio Suara Adyafiri dengan menggunakan shoutcast server streaming radio dapat didengarkan secara online dan dimana saja selama terkoneksi dengan jaringan internet. User dapat mendengarkan audio streaming melalui shoutcast client yang diakses melalui link radio yang terbentuk melalui server shoutcast. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan monitoring audio streaming berjalan dengan baik dengan menggunkan shoutcast dan dapat memudahkan user untuk mendengarkan radio secara real time dan dapat diakses kapan saja
Papilledema due to Bilateral Stenosis of the Foramen of Monro
Authors: Woodfield Dale A. , Van Law Heather
Published: October 2022

Papilledema is a key diagnostic factor in the management of several neurological conditions. Papilledema has a variety of causes related to increased intracranial pressure (ICP), several of which require prompt surgical or medical intervention due to potential vision or life-threatening consequences. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is key to making the correct diagnosis and management decisions.

Case Report:

This case report illustrates acute onset papilledema in a young Caucasian male due to acquired hydrocephalus from a rare condition, idiopathic stenosis of the foramen of Monro. An MRI performed following the eye examination prompted a referral to neurology and neurosurgery for urgent intervention, leading to eventual good visual outcome for the patient. The important role of eye care providers in diagnosis, referral, and post-surgical management is emphasized.
BOARD POWERS AND UNETHICAL ACCOUNTING OF PUBLIC QUOTED CORPORATIONS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Abbas Usman , Usman Hassan Shehu
Published: October 2022

Numerous scandals have been committed globally due to excessive use of unethical accounting. Various research has been conducted on board activities and unethical accounting and their discoveries were assorted. None to the researchers’ awareness examined such association in an entire population of the registered public non-financial corporations in Nigeria for a period of 10 years (2010-2019). Secondary data was extracted from the annual reports and accounts, companies, and directors’ profile of the firms. The data was analyzed using Ordinary Least Square regression. The study found among other things that board power and its proxies except board capability have significant impact on the unethical accounting of listed firms in Nigeria. It is therefore, recommended that, the quoted firms in Nigeria should ensure the composition of all-encompassing and robust audit committees. They should also guarantee the presence of assorted gender, varied ethnic groups, directors with national honor and oversea directors on the boards. The organizations should ensure the formation of risk management committee in the entire corporations. The management should guarantee the existence of vastly skilled, experienced, and knowledgeable directors on the boards as these will aid in curbing the unethical accounting. The implication of the outcomes of this research to literature is that the discoveries of the research are to be utilized by researchers in confirming tokenism/critical mass theory, social capital theory. Also, to validate upper echelon theory, efficient contracting theory, resource dependency theory, signaling theory, human capital theory, behavioral theory of corporate boards and governance and agency theory. The discovery of the study is only applicable to listed organizations in Nigeria. The research utilized only six proxies of board power which is a limiting factor, and the result of the study might vary if other substitutions of board power are utilized. Moreover, the research did not capture the financial sector of Nigerian economy for the reason that the unethical accounting model utilized of Collins et al (2017) has elements which are only relevant to non-financial corporations. If other models of unethical accounting that can capture the financial industry are applied, the outcome of research may had been changed.
BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND FINANCIAL REPORTING TIMELINESS OF FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Eguavoen Imuetinyan , Nosa Ugbogbo Sunday , Kadiri Idris
Published: October 2022

Several studies have examined issues relating to board characteristics and financial reporting timeliness in Nigeria, but none have conducted studies to examine board independence and board size in relation to financial reporting timeliness of non-financial distress likelihood zone firms in Nigeria. This study aims to examined board characteristics as well as financial reporting timeliness of firms in Nigeria. Different variables of board characteristics like board independence as well as board size were examined to determine how they are related to financial reporting ttimeliness. For the purpose of the study to be achieved, twenty-eight (28) distress likelihood zone firms from 2012 to 2021 as it relates to the non-financial firms that are listed on Nigerian Exchange Group (NXG) PLC as at 31st December, 2021 were carefully selected and studied. The panel least squares (PLS) regression was employed in the study and E-view 9.0 packages was used for the analysis of data. The regression analysis revealed a positive as well as a relationship that is significant between board independence and financial reporting timeliness while board size was found to be insignificant and negatively related with financial reporting timeliness of firms in Nigeria. Hence, it is recommended that the presence of independent board and their skills should not be neglected as it is in a better position to make sure financial statements are properly presented and reported for the shareholders to make good decision.
COMUNICAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA NA PSICANÁLISE, ONTEM E HOJE:
Authors: Barbeiro Felipe de Souza , Reis Maria Elizabeth Barreto Tavares dos
Published: October 2022

Com o advento tecnológico, as formas de comunicação se modificaram, incluindo o contexto da clínica psicanalítica. Se hoje é possível o contato via aplicativos digitais, como o WhatsApp e o Skype, anteriormente, psicanalistas como Freud, Bion, Klein, Lacan e Dolto se comunicavam por cartas e programas de rádio. Muitos aspectos teórico-metodológicos da psicanálise se desenvolveram permeados pelas correspondências entre os profissionais. Toda escrita é virtual e, a partir dela, verifica-se tanto o progresso dos conceitos psicanalíticos como a pessoalidade dos autores. Este estudo consiste em uma revisão narrativa, com o objetivo de descrever as formas de comunicação a distância utilizadas por psicanalistas ontem e hoje. Pôde-se compreender que os modos de comunicação se alteraram conforme as tecnologias disponíveis a cada época, fato importante para se refletir acerca da subjetividade dos indivíduos e seu reflexo na clínica psicanalítica.
TEORIAS DA IDENTIDADE E CORRESPONDÊNCIA IDENTITÁRIA
Authors: Naujorks Carlos José
Published: October 2022

Este trabalho apresenta as diversas teorias sobre identidade que contribuem para a construção do conceito de correspondência identitária. Correspondência identitária é um conceito que pretende abarcar os processos de alinhamento e congruência entre os referentes identitários das dimensões pessoal, social e coletiva de identidade individual. A psicanálise, o cognitivismo social, o interacionismo simbólico e os estudos culturais são as diferentes matrizes teóricas que subsidiam sua a elaboração. Aspectos específicos do fenômeno identitário são abordados por teorias específicas. O conceito de correspondência identitária propõe uma abordagem que relacione diferentes perspectivas teóricas presentes no campo. São apresentados, neste trabalho, as possíveis contribuições dessas teorias e os limites de sua apropriação para a elaboração do conceito de correspondência identitária.
Beyond Click-and-View: a Comparative Study of Data Management Approaches for Interactive Visualization
Authors: Nascimento Lorenna Christ'na , P. Chagas Rodolfo , Lage Marcos , De Oliveira Daniel
Published: October 2022

Visual analytics solutions have been growing in popularity in recent years, not only for showing final results but also for assisting in interactive analysis and decision-making. Analysis of a large amount of data requires flexible exploration and visualizations. However, queries that span geographical regions over time slices are expensive to compute, which turns it challenging to accomplish interactive speeds for huge data sets. Such systems require efficient data availability, so that response time does not interfere with the user’s ability to observe and analyze. Simultaneously, researches in the database domain have proposed solutions that can be used to support visualization systems. This article presents a comparative study of data management approaches to support interactive visualizations. The chosen data management solutions are (i) Apache Drill (a Polystore system), (ii) Apache Spark (a big data framework), (iii) Elasticsearch (a search engine), (iv) MonetDB (a column-oriented DBMS), and (v) PostgreSQL (a relational DBMS). To evaluate the performance of each solution, we selected a list of spatiotemporal queries among multiple queries submitted by users in a visual analytics system for rainfall data analysis named TEMPO. The results of this study show that Apache Spark and MonetDB present the best performance for the selected queries.
Exploring the Intersection between Databases and Digital Forensics
Authors: B. Seufitelli Danilo , A. Brandão Michele , Moro Mirella M.
Published: October 2022

Digital forensics has attracted attention from assorted researchers, who primarily work on predicting and solving digital hacks and crimes. In turn, the number and types of digital crimes have increased considerably, mainly due to the growing use of digital media to perform daily personal and professional tasks. Like most computer-related activities, data is at the center of such hacks and crimes. Hence, this work presents a systematic literature review of publications at the intersection between Digital Forensics and Databases. We discuss problems and trends of two main categories: Data Building and Database Management Systems. Overall, this research opens the doors for the communication between databases and an area with several exciting and concrete challenges, with great potential for social, economic, and technical-scientific contributions.
Scientific Collaboration Network Views: A Brazilian Computer Science Graduate Programs Case
Authors: Ribeiro Costa Aurelio , Tavares Nunes Vanessa , Ghedini Ralha Célia
Published: October 2022

Scientific collaboration networks can present different views of researchers’ interactions. This work presents SCI-synergy, an online navigable artifact aiming to promote mechanisms and views of scientific collaboration networks. The artifact focuses on the researchers’ interaction in the co-authorship of publications considering intra- and interprogram relationships. SCI-synergy is developed upon the design science research paradigm using scientific publication data available on the large Digital Bibliography & Library Project (DBLP) repository. Official data from the Sucupira repository of six Brazilian graduate program members including Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), State University of São Paulo (USP), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), University of Brasília (UnB), and University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) is used. Data from these graduate programs illustrate the artifact usage regarding the scientific collaboration network of each program, how each researcher cooperates, and what relationship patterns exist in intra- and inter-programs views. We advocate that, even though it is necessary to consider data from each program’s history and current contextualization regarding politics, economics, and administration, the collaboration network views provided by SCI-synergy might help to understand collaboration network patterns.
Court of Justice of the European Union on Non-material Damage
Authors: Pavelek Ondřej , Adamová Hana
Published: October 2022

V mnoha případech rozhoduje o náhradě nemajetkové újmy Evropský soudní dvůr. Na základě analýzy současné zavedené praxe SDEU v oblasti náhrady nemajetkové újmy si tento příspěvek klade za cíl nalézt odpovědi na následující otázky: jaká je koncepce a formy nemajetkové újmy v současné zavedené praxi SDEU, tj. v ESD a GC, a jaký význam má pro rozhodnutí SDEU, jaké jsou různé druhy nemajetkové újmy v zavedené praxi SDEU a jaké jsou jednotlivé regulační oblasti rozhodování o náhradě nemajetkové újmy. Následně budou formulovány východiska pro rozhodování o nemajetkové újmě, aby se dospělo k závěru, zda je možné na základě současných soudních rozhodnutí formulovat obecné zásady soudních řízení před SDEU ohledně náhrady nemajetkové újmy. Tento příspěvek by rád přispěl k diskusi o otázkách týkajících se problematiky odškodnění za nemateriální věci, jak je uvedeno v soudních rozhodnutích SDEU.
The Assesment of Permissibility of Using Non-statutory Justifications in Czech and Polish Criminal Law
Authors: Grudecki Michał
Published: October 2022

The subject-matter of this paper is the acceptability of non-statutory justifications, analysed on the instance of very similar penal law systems of closely related countries, namely the Republic of Poland and the Czech Republic. In both of them, one can observe a phenomenon of invoking circumstances not set forth in any legal act and rendering an action prohibited in the light of judicature. This paper studies whether it is permitted that public authorities invoked such circumstances in a democratic state of law. It is claimed by certain author that by invoking it judicial authorities violate the principles of specificity, separation of powers and legality, being the cornerstones of Polish and Czech law, and, thus, jeopardise the legal security of individuals; moreover, this course of action may be a threat to the legal system. Regardless of the fact that Poland and the Czech Republic are studied here, the considerations may well apply to any other penal law systems based on the formal and material definition of a crime and the above-mentioned principles. The research method in use was that of analysing legal provisions (mainly, basic laws and penal codes) formally and dogmatically.
Role soudu při opravě přednesů stran – možnosti inspirace ve švýcarském civilním procesu
Authors: Mazel Filip
Published: October 2022

Článek se zabývá rolí soudu při opravě vadných přednesů stran občanského soudního řízení sporného. Pozornost je věnována jak nápravě chybějících či neurčitých skutkových tvrzení, tak chybějících či neurčitých důkazních návrhů. Na tuto činnost soudu je přitom pohlíženo při zohlednění zásady projednací, kterou je sporné řízení ovládáno. Otázkou, na kterou byla zaměřena pozornost, je nalezení přiměřených mezí této soudní činnosti tak, aby při ní nedocházelo k nahrazování aktivity stran a aby nebyla deformována povaha civilního sporného procesu.
Legal Symbolism in Fine Art
Authors: Jelínková Klára
Published: October 2022

An article discusses the use of special characters in the fine art, through which the author conveys deeper meaning of these characters to the observer. Use of special characters in the fine art is called symbolism. The presentation of hidden meanings also required law and justice, as well as their specific processes, their performance, and their results. The thesis defines the key terms – law, art, symbolism, and their interrelationships. The main goal of the thesis is the search of legal symbolism and analysis of legal symbolism in fine art and in specific art works. The work attempts to identify the hidden meanings of legal symbolism in its various dimensions. Through the research, thesis also focuses on the perception of legal symbolism in the fine art by its observers, as well as their ability to decipher the hidden legacy of the author.
Cybersecurity Framework Profile for Hybrid Satellite Networks (HSN) Final Annotated Outline NIST Cybersecurity White Paper NIST CSWP 27 Final Annotated Outline
Authors: McCarthy James , Mamula Dan , Brule Joseph , Meldorf Karri
Published: October 2022

The objective of this Cybersecurity Profile is to identify an approach to assess the cybersecurity posture of Hybrid Satellite Networks (HSN) systems that provide services such as satellite-based systems for communications, position, navigation, and timing (PNT), remote sensing, weather monitoring, and imaging. The HSN systems may interact with other government systems and the Critical Infrastructure as defined by the Department of Homeland Security to provide increased resiliency. This Profile will consider the cybersecurity of all the interacting systems that form the HSN rather than the traditional approach of the government acquiring the entire satellite system that includes the satellite bus, payloads, and ground system. NIST is developing a consistent approach to better understand the attack surface, incorporate security, and achieve greater resilience for space systems that may be leveraged by critical infrastructure owners and operators, the DoD, or other government missions.
El diseño participativo en los orígenes del co-diseño
Authors: Pelta Resano Raquel
Published: October 2022

El co-diseño se define como un proceso de creación colectiva que incorpora a losusuarios finales o partes interesadas en el diseño de un producto o servicio, colaborandodurante todo el proceso con los diseñadores profesionales y los expertos de otrosámbitos, para encontrar las soluciones más adecuadas a sus necesidades y problemas.Aunque actualmente, también, se emplea en el ámbito empresarial, tiene raícespolíticas, vinculadas a la mejora de la sociedad. Sus orígenes pueden rastrearse en losaños sesenta y setenta del siglo XX, cuando la participación ciudadana en el diseñourbanístico, de viviendas y de nuevas tecnologías aplicadas al ámbito laboral, seconvirtieron en temas clave en la discusión sobre las políticas sociales. Fue entoncescuando en el campo del Diseño, comenzó a hablarse de «diseño participativo». En esteartículo rastreamos los antecedentes del co-diseño, a través de un breve recorridohistórico por la evolución del diseño participativo.
Medición del Valor del Diseño a través del ROI en diseño en las pymes
Authors: Lecuona López Manuel
Published: October 2022

El diseño como proceso ha ganado terreno en los círculos de gestión, más por su capacidad demejorar productos y comunicaciones, menos para crear servicios, experiencias de clientes, procesosinternos, decisiones estratégicas y modelos comerciales (Simon, 1996) . Es por lo que la Gestión delDiseño, nexo entre la Cultura del Diseño y la Cultura Corporativa en las pymes, aborda la medicióndel valor del diseño y el cálculo del ROI. Ambos aspectos, en la actualidad endémicos, deberían serabordados por diferentes agentes del ecosistema del diseño (administraciones, empresas, centrosformativos, profesionales…) Medir los coeficientes de los ROI en diseño es fundamental para quelas pymes y profesionales del diseño puedan cuantificar su peso dentro de las inversiones. Establecerherramientas de medición cuantitativas y cualitativas, son acciones pendientes para la verificación delos beneficios resultantes de la inversión en diseño.
L’ampliació i reforma del teixit urbà de Vilafamés (Castelló) des d’època andalusí fins el segle XIX
Authors: Allepuz Marzà Xavier
Published: October 2022

S’analitza al present article l’evolució històrica del teixit urbà de Vilafamés. A partir de la delimitaciódel recinte que va ocupar el hisn andalusí es detalla el creixement urbà i la configuració que va experimentarla vila fins al segle xix. A l’anàlisi efectuada diferenciem tres períodes. El primer abraça els seglesxiii-xv amb la creació de la vila cristiana i la construcció de la muralla que va determinar l’estructuracióinterna en l’ocupació del sòl. Un segon període té lloc entre els segles xvi-xviii caracteritzat, en el seumoment inicial, per un desenvolupament important de la construcció d’habitatges, fruit del creixementeconòmic i demogràfic de la població, que van definir el teixit urbà existent a l’interior del recintefortificat fins a l’actualitat. El final del període va estar marcat per la introducció de l’ideari il·lustrat enla planificació urbanística alhora que la població va iniciar el seu creixement a l’exterior de la muralla.Finalment, el tercer moment, s’estén fins a finals del segle xix amb el desenvolupament urbà a l’exteriordel recinte murat arribant a la part baixa de la població on es van ubicar una sèrie d’instal·lacions quemarquen el canvi en l’orientació econòmica tradicional del poble.
Valoración biogeográfica de diferentes agrupaciones vegetales de la península tangerina (Marruecos)
Authors: Lozano Valencia Pedro José , Díaz Sanz Mª Cristina , Meaza Rodríguez Guillermo
Published: October 2022

Durante una corta estancia de investigación en el norte de Marruecos en 2015, se abordó el inventariado,la caracterización y la evaluación biogeográfica de cinco agrupaciones vegetales forestalesrepresentativas de la zona. El objetivo principal era realizar una primera aproximación a la caracterizacióny evaluación de unos ecosistemas no demasiado conocidos e investigados. Para ello se utilizó la metodologíaLANBIOEVA (Lanscape Biogeographical Evaluation) y se seleccionaron cinco parcelas diferentesque respondían a facies tipo de cinco agrupaciones vegetales características de este sector de Marruecos.Los resultados hablan de unos valores generales bastante elevados, con agrupaciones relativamentediversas en taxones, con importantes valores tanto fitocenóticos como territoriales y mesológicos. Losvalores culturales también son elevados y muestran unas prácticas antrópicas relativamente sostenibles,lo que hace que las presiones no sean elevadas y, por tanto, las amenazas sean discretas. No obstante,los elevados valores tanto para el interés de conservación como de la prioridad de conservación hablande la necesidad de medidas de conservación, ordenación y gestión para estos sectores y ecosistemas.
¿Cambio de paradigmas frente a los riesgos hidroclimáticos? La experiencia de Sevilla.
Authors: Del Moral Ituarte Leandro , Lara García Ángela
Published: October 2022

El artículo revisa la historia de la relación de Sevilla con los riesgos hidroclimáticos; una largatrayectoria, frecuentemente trágica, que ha conducido a la situación actual caracterizada por el altonivel de control de las amenazas que afectan a la ciudad y una, quizás históricamente transitoria, sensaciónde seguridad. Esa es la base sobre la que hoy, con los efectos del cambio climático ya presentes,se manifiestan nuevos riesgos (olas de calor) y nuevas demandas colectivas en relación con el territorio(infraestructuras verdes). En el caso de Sevilla, se expresan de manera concreta y contextualizada (geográfica)los debates actuales, no resueltos en la práctica, entre los planteamientos heredados (resistencia,dominio, robustez) y los nuevos paradigmas (sostenibilidad, adaptación, resiliencia). El trabajo se basaen la revisión del proceso histórico de lucha contra sequías e inundaciones en Sevilla; en el análisis dela planificación de riesgos actualmente vigente, y en un trabajo de campo materializado en la identificaciónde la constelación de agentes implicados y en entrevistas a 23 actores locales, tanto socialescomo institucionales. Las conclusiones, en el marco de la teoría espacial de la transición, confirman lasignificación de las realidades locales, en las que se activan los factores de otras escalas, para entenderel sentido de las transformaciones.
Asymptotic formula of a “hyperbolic” summation related to the Piltz divisor function
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Djilali Bounaama, Bouderbala Mihoub , Karras Meselem ,   Department of Mathematics, University of Djilali Bounaama
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we obtain asymptotic formula on the "hyperbolic" summation \begin{equation*} \underset{mn\leq x}{\sum }D_{k}\left( \gcd \left( m,n\right) \right) \text{ \ \ }\left( k\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 2}\right), \end{equation*} such that $D_{k}\left( n\right) = \dfrac{\tau _{k}\left( n\right) }{\tau_{k}^{\ast }\left( n\right) }$, where $\tau _{k}\left( n\right) =\!\!\sum\limits_{n_{1}n_{2}\ldots n_{k}=n}\!\!1$ denotes the Piltz divisor function, and $\tau _{k}^{\ast }\left( n\right) $ is the unitary analogue function of $\tau _{k}\left( n\right) $.
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy versus Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Timurtaş Eren , Çinar Eda , Selçuk Halit , Avci Ender Ersin , Batar Suat , Demirbüken İlkşan , Polat Mine Gülden
Published: October 2022

Background: Plantar fasciitis is predominantly treated conservatively through modalities such as extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), yet the short-term effect of these modalities on pain and function is still ambiguous. We compared the short-term effectiveness of ESWT and LLLT on pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis.

Methods: Participants (n = 47) were randomly assigned to the ESWT group (n = 27) or the LLLT group (n = 20). Participants received ESWT (once a week) and LLLT (three times a week) for 3 weeks. The Foot Function Index, including the pain, disability, and activity limitation subscales, was administered at baseline and after treatment. A reduction of 1 point in total scores was considered a minimum clinically important difference. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the changes in outcomes and compare groups.

Results: There were significant main effects of time, and significant interaction effects between group and time on pain (P < .001), disability (P < .001), and activity limitation (P < .05). The main effect of group was not significant for all of the subscales (P = .811, P = .481, P = .865, respectively). The LLLT group showed significant declines in pain (P < .001), disability (P < .001), and activity limitation (P < .001), and there was no change in the ESWT group over time (P = .319, P = .711, P > .99, respectively). Consistently, 95% of participants in the LLLT group had a clinically important difference in the pain subscale versus 48% of the ESWT group.

Conclusions: Compared with ESWT, LLLT was found to be superior as an effective approach in the short-term management of plantar fasciitis.
Rolling circle amplification (RCA) -based biosensor system for the fluorescent detection of miR-129-2-3p miRNA
Authors: Ye Yan , Lin Yao , Chi Zilin , Zhang Jiasheng , Cai Fan , Zhu Youzhi , Tang Dianping , Lin Qingqiang
Published: October 2022

Herein, a versatile fluorescent bioanalysis platform for sensitive and specific screening of target miRNA (miR-129-2-3p) was innovatively designed by applying target-induced rolling circle amplification (RCA) for efficient signal amplification. Specifically, miR-129-2-3p was used as a ligation template to facilitate its ligation with padlock probes, followed by an RCA reaction in the presence of phi29 DNA polymerase. The dsDNA fragments and products were stained by SYBR Green I and then detected by fluorescence spectrophotometry. As a result, miR-129-2-3p concentrations as low as 50 nM could be detected. Furthermore, the expression of miR-129-2-3p in breast cancer patients was about twice that in healthy people. Therefore, the results indicated that the RCA-based biosensor system could be a valuable platform for miRNA detection in clinical diagnosis and biomedical study.
Issues and Challenges Faced by Persons with Disabilities in Basco, Batanes
Authors: Billote William Jo Se , Ponce Ryan , Ponce Trixie Elaine , Arca Julie Melanie , Cabrito Ma. Kimberly Christine , Candel Cristine Joy , Dasig Charleth , Gato Lyca Jade , Regidor Ira Nicole , Zabala Victor Jacob
Published: October 2022

Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are one of the concerns of society. But due to prejudice, they are put in a disadvantageous position. Since then, there have always been issues in employment, social roles, and accessibility to education. These have led to self-doubt and inferiority, resulting in negative attitudes from non-PWDs. The study aimed to explore the issues and challenges faced by persons with disabilities in Basco, Batanes, Philippines. This study used a qualitative research design. The researchers used purposive sampling and gathered data from eight (8) qualified participants. The researchers determined the issues and challenges they faced across the four areas of their lives. First, they face difficulties at work and looking for work because of their condition and the prejudice they receive in the work environment. Second, they faced problems in school due to poverty and discrimination from classmates. Third, they receive discrimination and stereotyping from their community. Lastly, the majority of the participants receive support from their families. However, they also faced financial problems, especially with their medication.
Organizational Commitment and Effectiveness of a Holding Company for a Conglomerate in Cebu City
Authors: Balonias Krystel May , Polinar Mark Anthony , Delantar Alexander Franco
Published: October 2022

The paper aimed to examine rank-and-file employees’ organizational commitment and the effectiveness of a holding company by assessing the level of agreement of the dimensions and variables. A quantitative technique engaging a descriptive research method was used in the study. The study applied Slovin’s formula, with 92 rank-and-file employees responding, and the data collected were analyzed using weighted mean and descriptive equivalents. The findings revealed that normative commitment has the most dominant dimensions perceived by the rank-and-file employees constituting the overall mean of organizational commitment with a descriptive match of ‘agree.’  Additionally, teamwork and direct manager gained the top two highest average weighted mean with a descriptive equivalent of 'agree,' resulting in the core variables that constitute organizational effectiveness. The researchers concluded that normative commitment that has had the most direct impact on the holding company’s organizational commitment had stimulated teamwork and a leadership style that has operated as a cultural scaffold for building strong competitive advantage and effectiveness. Over and above that, the study suggested that nurturing and sustaining activities that will bring to light the employees’ shared vision and goals aligned with the organization will help buoy the level of the organization's moderate level into a high level of organizational commitment and effectiveness.
Characteristics of Terminated Medicare Advantage Contracts, 2011 to 2020
Authors: Meyers David J. , Dixit Meehir N. , Trivedi Amal N.
Published: October 2022

This cross-sectional study characterizes Medicare Advantage contract terminations and identifies the characteristics of enrollees who may have been disproportionately affected by these events.
Right Bundle-Branch Block Pattern in Precordial Leads and Left Bundle-Branch Block Pattern With Left Axis Deviation in Frontal Plane Leads—What Does This Mean?
Authors: Scheffer Matheus Kiszka , De Marchi Mariana Fuziy Nogueira , Costa Ana Carolina Muniz
Published: October 2022

This case report describes a patient in their 70s who presented to the emergency department with a history of syncope that occurred 7 days before admission.
Muhammad Ali and Young-Onset Idiopathic Parkinson Disease—The Missing Evidence
Authors: Okun Michael S. , Mayberg Helen S. , DeLong Mahlon R.
Published: October 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the degree to which Parkinson disease vs repetitive boxing-related head trauma contributed to Muhammad Ali’s progressive motor and cognitive impairments.
Cardinal Manifestations of Cancer
Authors: Holland James F. , Bast Robert C. , Byrd John C. , Croce Carlo M. , Hawk Ernest , Khuri Fadlo R. , Pollock Raphael E. , Tsimberadou Apostolia M. , Willett Christopher G. , Willman Cheryl L.
Published: October 2022

Overview

Cancer is a singular word that embraces a vast diversity of diseases that can occur in any organ system throughout the animal kingdom. The unique characteristic of cancer is the proliferation of cells of a type different from, if ever so slightly, the normal complement of the organism. The proliferation may be rapid or slow, the accumulation of cells may be massive or miniscule. The essence of the matter, however, is that aberrant cells, distinct from the ordinary evolution of cell types, appear, and accumulate. Thus, a cancer differs from hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which involve normal cells.
Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Translational Models of Human Cancer
Authors: Traub Benno , Scheufele Florian , Viswanathan Srinivas R. , Meyerson Matthew , Tuveson David A.
Published: October 2022

Overview

Cancer is a disease of abnormal cellular behavior and characterized by molecular aberrations that promote cellular proliferation and survival. Neoplastic progression ultimately produces tumor masses that compromise local organ function, and the invasion and metastasis of malignant cells away from their tissue of origin and spread throughout the body cause a diverse array of pathophysiologic sequelae that compromise the quality and length of life of patients. A background knowledge of cancer pathogenesis and cancer models should help oncologists understand the developing approaches for optimal patient care, including the new concept of personalized medicine.

This article is a basic, “methods‐oriented” survey of molecular biology directed toward the clinician or trainee who wants a fundamental understanding of this discipline. It describes the principles that underlie the procedures used most commonly by molecular biologists and provides examples of clinically relevant situations that draw on particular techniques. Molecular biology already plays an important role in clinical cancer medicine, both in terms of diagnosis (e.g., in the analysis of tumors for prognostic or pathogenetic information) and in treatment (e.g., in the production of pharmacologic and biologic agents, such as recombinant growth factors and monoclonal antibodies).

We will begin with an overview of genes, gene expression, and gene cloning. Our discussion of techniques will follow the flow of genetic information as we explain the procedures used to analyze gene expression at the levels of DNA,
ribonucleic acid
(
RNA
), and protein. We conclude with a discussion of current cancer modeling systems
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Good general overviews of these topics can be found in several books.
1–3
Cancer Genomics and Evolution
Authors: Hendricks William P. D. , Sekulic Aleksandar , Bryce Alan H. , Murtaza Muhammed , Ramos Pilar , Lang Jessica D. , Whitsett Timothy G. , McDaniel Timothy K. , Rockne Russell C. , Banovich Nicholas , Trent Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2022

Overview

Over 100 years ago, the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine was given to Paul Ehrlich for postulating that “magic bullets” could specifically target and kill cells such as cancer cells based on their unique molecular features. The completed Human Genome Project and the cancer genomics revolution have now mapped many of the genetic changes underlying the unique features of common malignancies. Although cancer has long been recognized to be heterogeneous in its clinical presentation, course, pathology, and response to therapy, we now recognize that it is far more molecularly heterogeneous than anticipated and that such variability will require an individualized approach to patient care. Rather than a single magic bullet, we need an arsenal requiring precise delivery. While inter‐ and intratumoral genomic heterogeneity present significant challenges to cancer management and drug development, a number of developments foster hope for accelerated progress in the war on cancer. First, our catalogue of genomic targets underlying diverse cancers is rapidly growing. Second, we are beginning to understand how diverse mutations converge on a small number of druggable pathways. Third, we continue to develop drugs and biologic agents (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors) that target an increasingly diverse array of genomic subtypes of cancer. Finally, advances in “next‐generation” sequencing technologies now enable far earlier detection of disease and disease recurrence. This article focuses on these developments and how their integration is aiding in the precise delivery of “magic bullets.”
RNA
Tumor Viruses
Authors: Gallo Robert C. , Reitz Marvin S.
Published: October 2022

Overview

Retroviruses are enveloped viruses that contain a diploid RNA genome and are defined by the presence of reverse transcriptase (RT), a DNA polymerase that transcribes RNA into DNA, which is then inserted into the host cell chromosome. These processes often lead to the capture and/or alteration of genetic material and the transfer of information between cells, with neoplastic transformation of the infected cell being an occasional outcome of infection. Retroviruses are also associated with immunodeficiencies and with neurologic diseases, although infection is often asymptomatic. Retroviruses can also enter the germ line and be present as a part of the genetic complement of some or all members of a species. These viruses are called endogenous retroviruses. Although most retroviral malignancies occur as leukemia/lymphomas in nonhuman species, human T‐cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐I) causes adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma in a minority of infected humans, as well as a neurologic disease and a variety of other pathologies. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1), although not considered a true tumor virus, is associated with an increased incidence of several types of tumors, especially those caused by viruses such as human papillomavirus and Epstein–Barr virus.
Hepatitis Viruses and Hepatoma
Authors: Wang Hongyang
Published: October 2022

Overview

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, typically the result of virus infections or the exposure of the liver to toxic substances such as alcohol or aflatoxin B. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common causes of transient and persistent liver infections, frequently resulting in hepatitis and, in the context of chronic infections, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B may be worsened by super or co‐infection with hepatitis delta virus, a subviral satellite.
Behavioral Approaches to Cancer Prevention
Authors: Gonzalez Roberto , Karam‐Hage Maher
Published: October 2022

Overview

Various behaviors are well known to increase the risk of developing cancer. Between 30% and 50% of all cancer‐related deaths worldwide can be prevented by following healthier behaviors that relate to food intake, substance use, sun exposure, and physical activity. This article will summarize the available literature on the overall effects of modifiable behaviors as risk factors of chronic disease, in particular cancer, as well as describe behavioral changes and/or interventions that could lead to cancer prevention.
Principles of Imaging
Authors: Schwartz Lawrence H.
Published: October 2022

Overview

Radiological studies offer vital information about tumor detection, characterization, staging, and therapeutic response monitoring. There are a myriad of imaging modalities available for each of these tasks and their use is dependent upon both the primary tumor type and the clinical need. Increasingly, integration of other diagnostic tools including genomic and proteomic assays. Other techniques including AI enhancements to imaging diagnostics aid in diagnostic potential.
Interventional Radiology for the Cancer Patient
Authors: Metwalli Zeyad A. , Ahrar Judy U. , Wallace Michael J.
Published: October 2022

Overview

In the past decades, there has been a substantial expansion in the use of image‐guided procedures for diagnosing and treating various types of cancer. There are several reasons for this increased use. Advances in cancer diagnosis and novel medical and surgical therapies have led to increased survival in this patient population. More patients now present with primary or metastatic disease confined to an organ and are consequently more likely to benefit from locoregional therapies.
1–3
Thus, a neoplasm can be defined using standard imaging modalities, and then minimally invasive percutaneous techniques can be used to establish the diagnosis and to provide locoregional or palliative therapies to treat the cancer patient. Improvements in catheter/device technology, embolic agents and chemotherapy drugs, and delivery systems are associated with improved patient outcome and have sparked renewed interest in these approaches. In this chapter, we discuss hepatic vascular interventions, genitourinary interventions, thoracic interventions, several forms of palliative therapeutic procedures, and some additional image‐guided procedures.
Principles of Surgical Oncology
Authors: Bauer Todd W. , Tanabe Kenneth K. , Pollock Raphael E.
Published: October 2022

Overview

The discipline of surgical oncology describes a surgical super specialty to which a board certification process is now attached in the United States. With specific cognitive as well as technical surgical expertise, the surgical oncologist is an oncology specialist who uses surgery as his or her mainstay therapeutic modality in treating tumors. The surgical oncologist has a thorough grounding in the natural history of solid malignancy, extensive experience in tumor biopsy and staging approaches, the knowledge needed to direct a multidisciplinary solid tumor treatment program, and the commitment required to participate in the many relevant research opportunities that will advance comprehensive care of the cancer patient.
Pain and Palliative Care
Authors: Baum Laura Van Metre , Smith Cardinale B.
Published: October 2022

Overview

Palliative care is an essential component of comprehensive cancer care. Palliative care is given concurrently with other disease‐modifying, life‐prolonging, and curative therapy. Palliative medicine specialists focus on helping patients and their families with a variety of care needs including symptom control, psychosocial support, physician–patient communication, addressing care goals in relation to the patient's condition, prognosis, values, and preferences, as well as with transitions in care. Cancer patients often experience significant symptom distress either from the illness itself or from the associated treatments. The beneficial effects of palliative care have been well documented. When integrated into early oncologic care, palliative care is associated with a significant improvement in quality of life, depression, and survival. As such, palliative care should be given throughout the trajectory of cancer care whether during early‐stage disease in which the focus is on cure or in more advanced disease when the focus is on maximizing quality of life. Currently, national and international organizations have clinical guidelines that recommend palliative care be routinely integrated into comprehensive cancer care.
Drug Resistance and Its Clinical Circumvention
Authors: Moscow Jeffrey A. , Hughes Shannon K. , Cowan Kenneth H. , Sikic Branimir I.
Published: October 2022

Overview

Tumors initially sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents frequently develop resistance to them, resulting in the familiar clinical pattern of initial response followed by a recurrence that no longer responds to therapy. Laboratory and clinical investigation have identified a plethora of drug resistance mechanisms, some that are particular to an individual agent and others that are applicable across classes of agents. These mechanisms include altered cellular accumulation and detoxification of drugs, mutation of the drug target, change in expression of the drug target, and activation of alternative signaling pathways. The identification of drug resistance mechanisms has led to strategies to overcome resistance and improved clinical outcomes.
Cytokines, Interferons, and Hematopoietic Growth Factors
Authors: Epperla Narendranath , Hanel Walter , Talpaz Moshe
Published: October 2022

Overview

Cytokines are a diverse family of signaling molecules encompassing interleukins, interferons, and hematopoietic growth factors. As important mediators of immune responses, cytokines play critical roles and have clinical relevance in cancer. Interleukins have numerous diverse effects in cancer, including influencing the growth, differentiation, or survival of endothelial cells; attracting inflammatory cell types or induce secondary cytokines to regulate angiogenesis; influencing the tumor environment and infiltrating hematopoietic effector cells; inhibiting or stimulating tumor growth; and regulating immune responses. Various immunostimulatory cytokines, including ILs, are administered to patients in an attempt to initiate or augment antitumor immune responses. Interferons are a large family of multifunctional secreted proteins involved in antiviral defense, cell growth regulation, and immune activation. The three types of IFNs, types I, II, and III, signal via specific cell surface receptors and the JAK‐STAT pathway to transcriptionally activate IFN‐regulated genes (IRGs). Alterations in IRG expression result in modulation of receptors for other cytokines, concentration of regulatory proteins on the surface of immune effector cells, and activation of enzymes that control cellular growth and function. Both natural and recombinant IFNs have shown antitumor activity as single agents in more than a dozen malignancies. Hematopoietic growth factors, most notably epoetin, thrombopoietin, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), are used in the clinic to stimulate the growth and differentiation of red blood cells, platelets, or neutrophils in clinical settings including after chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation in a restorative role.