bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The physiologic effects of dexamethasone
Authors: West Kelly M. , Johnson Philip C. , Kyriakopoulos Adrian A. , Bahr W. Julian , Bloedow Carmen E.
Published: February 2007

The hyperglycemic, eosinopenic and adrenal suppressive potencies of dexamethasone in man were all found to be similar to the previously reported anti‐inflammatory potency of this drug (about 5 to 8 times those of prednisolone and 25 to 30 times those of hydrocortisone). Dexamethasone (1.5 mg. three times daily) produced a slight antidiuresis of sodium, chloride and water of equivocal significance. A marked but transitory potassium diuresis occurred. Excretion of urinary magnesium was unaffected.
Examination of the latex fixation test using sulfated mucopolysaccharides
Authors: Heimer Ralph , Freyberg Richard H.
Published: February 2007

The sulfated mucopolysaccharides heparin and chondroitin sulfate are immunologically inactive toward highly purified rheumatoid factors or any other components of the serum of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Positive latex fixation tests of selected serum samples using heparin in place of human gamma globulin are due to the simultaneous presence of endogenous gamma globulin. Nearly similar results may he obtained with latex tests using no coating agent whatever. Addition of heparin to latex suspensions imparts stability to the colloidal dispersion and remedies prozone phenomena encountered in such titrations.
The stiff‐man syndrome: Report of a case
Authors: Stuart Fletcher S. , Henry Margaret , Holley Howard L.
Published: February 2007

An additional case of the stiff‐man syndrome manifested by extremely painful, fluctuating muscular spasm and rigidity is reported. Eighteen cases previously reported in the literature are reviewed, and the accumulated indications for a metabolic defect and/or myopathy are presented.
Cardiac lesions in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Goehrs Homer R. , Baggenstoss Archie H. , Slocumb Charles H.
Published: February 2007

Post‐mortem cardiac examinations of 36 patients who had rheumatoid arthritis revealed a high incidence of lesions suggesting previous attacks of rheumatic fever. A variety of inflammatory changes were observed supporting previous reports of similar studies.
Observations on the measurement of joint stiffness
Authors: Wright Verna , Johns Richard J.
Published: February 2007

Joint stiffness is a major manifestation of joint disease. Nevertheless, an extensive review of the literature reveals that little has been done to characterize joint stiffness quantitatively or qualitatively. A method is described whereby joint stiffness can be measured in precise physical terms. The major components of joint stiffness in normal and arthritic subjects are elasticity and plasticity. Viscous stiffness is small, and friction is negligible even in badly damaged joints.
Vascular lesions in dermatomyositis
Authors: Boylan Rowan C. , Sokoloff Leon
Published: February 2007

Extensive vascular lesions were found at necropsy in two childhood cases of dermatomyositis. Attention is drawn to the role of blood vessels in the pathogenesis of this disease and to the possible effect of steroid therapy on their development.
The relationship of human genital pleuropneumonia‐like organisms to arthritis complicating urethritis
Authors: Ford Denys K.
Published: February 2007

A tissue culture method, employing human amnion cells was applied to the primary isolation of PPLO from patients with venereally acquired urethritis and complicating arthritis. Fifteen synovial exudates from 12 patients with arthritis failed to reveal PPLO by this method. In addition, 240 patients attending a venereal disease clinic were investigated and 75 PPLO strains isolated, but no evidence was obtainable that PPLO were etiologically related to nongonococcal urethritis or Reiter's syndrome.
Periarthritis produced in rats with Freund's adjuvants
Authors: Silverstein Emanuel , Sokoloff Leon
Published: February 2007

Evidence is presented that the inflammatory swelling of the paws produced in rats by injection of Freund's adjuvants does not represent an arthritis; and that such swellings like the visceral granulomata observed in these animals, arise by migration of adjuvant materials from the depot site.
The mechanism of particulate carrier reactions with rheumatoid sera. II. Sensitizing capacity of various human gamma globulins for latex particles
Authors: Singer Jacques M. , Altmann Gideon , Goldenberg Arnold , Plotz Charles M.
Published: February 2007

Latex particles can be sensitized by 7S gamma globulin as well as by aggregated gamma globulin. The excess of gamma globulin not on the particle surface may act as an inhibitor of agglutination if it is in the aggregated state. Studies are presented to demonstrate the sensitizing capacity of various human gamma globulin preparations for latex particles.
Vasculitis, Mast Cells and the Collagen Diseases
Authors: Smyth Charley J. , Gum Oren B.
Published: February 2007

Purpura and necrotizing vasculitis complicate high dose adrenocortical therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Pathological changes in five cases are summarized. Tissue mast cells are concentrated around blood vessels and store heparin, histamine, hyaluronic acid and in some species, serotonin. These pleuri‐potential cells upon „trauma”︁ yield these potent biological substances which may act as prime movers in the inflammatory reaction. Association of these cells with adrenocortical steroids, fibrogenesis and anaphylaxis is further evidence that they play a role in the panangiitic reaction of hypercortisonism.
Isolation of rheumatoid factors
Authors: Heimer Ralph , Schwartz Edith R.
Published: February 2007

A method for the separation of rheumatoid factors into two serologically distinct macroglobulins is described. Macroglobulins, reacting with cells coated with human as well as with rabbit gamma globulin, were found to be mainly 19.4S, but occasionally such preparations contained minor constituents sedimenting at 22s as well as 27s. Macroglobulins which reacted with cells coated with human gamma globulin, but which were inactive when rabbit gamma globulin was used, were mainly 19.5S. Some sera, however, contained substances serologically similar in behavior but sedimenting at 17.5S, 22.0S, and 27s.
On the acid glycoproteins of serum and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Nettelbladt Erik , Sundblad Lars
Published: February 2007

Orosomucoid, haptoglobin, PCA‐soluble glycoproteins, and sialic acid have been determined in serum and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis. The increase in the serum content of sialic acid in rheumatoid arthritis is largely due to an increase in orosomucoid and haptoglobin. There is no indication that these glycoproteins arise from peripheral production in the inflammatory synovial tissue. The presence in synovial fluid of other glycoproteins of tissue origin, however, can not be excluded.
Depolymerization of hyaluronic acid by the ORD reaction
Authors: Pigman Ward , Rizvi S. , Holley Howard L.
Published: February 2007

Hyaluronic acid is shown to be degraded irreversibly by oxygen in the presence of „reducing agents”︁ such as ascorbic acid, thiols, or ferrous ions. The degradation could be inhibited by substances such as sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, penicillamine, and thiourea. The reaction is called the ORD reaction (oxidative‐reductive depolymerization). It is suggested that the reaction may control tissue permeability, in vivo, and play a part in arthritic processes.
The effect of hyperventilation on rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kahn Fredrick H. , Simmons Daniel H. , Weinberger Howard J.
Published: February 2007

Clinical improvement in rheumatoid arthritis has been observed in certain situations associated with hyperventilation. A consistent pharmacological effect of massive aspirin therapy is hyperventilation. In this preliminary study, the authors tested the hypothesis that the symptomatic improvement with aspirin therapy in rheumatoid arthritis is related to the ventilatory effects of the drug. Hyperventilation induced by using a Drinker respirator simulated some of the clinical effects of massive aspirin therapy. Improvement was correlated better with alveolar pCO2 levels than with aspirin dosage or serum salicylate levels. Significant but unexplained improvement in sedimentation rates occurred after respirator hyperventilation.
Serologic methods employing F–II reactant as an aid to diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Howell David S. , Vaughn Phyllis P. , Broome Betty L.
Published: February 2007

Sera of 129 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 512 patients with variants of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, and other diseases were subjected to a battery of serologic procedures. With no apparent loss of specificity, the test employing a modified hydrochloric acid method of euglobulin fractionation produced a significantly greater frequency of positive reactions in patients with rheumatoid artbritis.
Involvement of the hips in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jacqueline F. , Boujot A. , Canet L.
Published: February 2007

Rheumatoid coxitis occurring in childhood develops differently from that occurring at an adult age. Inflammation quickly leads to considerable stiffness, and even to bony ankylosis, but does not cause extensive destruction. The functional disturbances set up by the inflammation interfere with the development of the hip joints, and the extent of the resultant morphologic abnormalities depends on the earliness of onset and the severity of the disturbances. Luxation and subluxation due to malformations in severe coxitis developed before the age of eight contrast with the acetabular protrusion of destructive coxitis in the adult.
Evaluation of rheumatoid factor tests
Authors: Waller Marion V. , Decker Barry , Toone Elam C. , Irby Robert , Curry N. H.
Published: February 2007

Fourteen (4 per cent) of 340 blood donors showed the presence of rheumatoid factor and some of these were studied in detail. One young donor with very high titers of rheumatoid factor and a 22S component, followed for over two years, has shown no clinical evidence of disease. The sensitized human cell test compares favorably with latex reagent. Both methods are more sensitive and less specific than the sensitized sheep cell test.
Inhibition of glucosamine‐6‐PO4 synthesis by salicylate and other anti‐inflammatory agents in vitro
Authors: Bollet Alfred Jay
Published: February 2007

Sodium salicylate and phenylbutazone were found to inhibit the enzyme which synthesizes glucosamine‐6‐phosphate. Enzyme in homogenates from connective tissue was more sensitive to this inhibitory effect than enzyme from liver homogenates. The known effects of antirheumatic agents and inflammation on mucopolysaccharide metabolism are reviewed.
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroyuine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Scull Edward
Published: February 2007

One hundred and ninety‐six poorly controlled rheumatoid arthritics were divided into three groups: 80 received chloroquine, 80 hydroxychloroquine, and 36 placebo, for an average duration of 24, 18 and 5.2 months respectively. Fifty‐seven per cent of patients were able to reduce or abolish their corticosteroid requirements while on the active drugs under study. It appeared from this study that chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine possessed definite antirheuniatic effect. No serious side effects were observed.
Comparative studies of serologic tests for rheumatoid disease. I. A comparison of a latex test and two erythrocyte agglutination tests in a random population sample
Authors: Ball J. , De Graaff R. , Valkenburg H. A. , Boerma F. Westendorp
Published: February 2007

Sera from a random sample of the population of Rotterdam were tested by a latex fixation test (LFT) in Leiden, a sensitized sheep cell agglutination test (SCAT) in Manchester and a human erythrocyte test (HEAT) in Groningen with an overall agreement of 93.3 per cent. In both rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid subjects sera were encountered which were positive in the cell tests but negative in the LFT and vice versa.
Comparative studies of serologic tests for rheumatoid disease. II. A comparison of the bentonite flocculation test and the sensitized sheep cell agglutination test
Authors: Ball J. , Bloch K. J. , Burch T. A. , Kellgren J. H. , Lawrence J. S. , Tsigalidou V.
Published: February 2007

Agreement was obtained between the bentonite flocculation test (BFT) and the sensitized sheep cell agglutination test (SCAT) in 96 per cent of a random population sample and in 88 per cent of a clinical sample. Rarely, positive results were obtained in either test alone. The BFT was more often positive than the SCAT both in rheumatoid arthritis and in other syndromes.
The characteristics of human synovial tissue as seen with the electron microscope
Authors: Coulter William H.
Published: February 2007

Synovial tissue specimens from the joints of nine persons, determined to be normal by light microscopic studies, were examined with the electron microscope. The arrangement of microstructures within the synovial cell indicates a moderate amount of metabolic activity, and appears to be clonsistent with the production of mucopcdysaccharides. A process of active transport was observed between the syno'vial cell and the joint space. Incorporation of collagen into the general architecture is also described, and the technical problems are considered.
A family study of rheumatoid (ankylosing) spondylitis
Authors: Karten Irving , DiTata Domenick , McEwen Currier , Tanner Martin
Published: February 2007

Close relatives of patients with ankylosing spondylitis had that disease with significantly greater frequency than did similar relatives of non‐rheumatic controls. Rheumatoid arthritis on the other hand occurred no more often than in the controls. These relatives also gave positive tests for rheumatoid factors no more often than did the controls. The results support the view that hereditary factors are involved in the causation of ankylosing spondylitis but are different from those in rheumatoid arthritis.
The pathogenesis of mycoplasmal (PPLO) arthritis in rats
Authors: Ward John R. , Jones Russell S.
Published: February 2007

The pathogenesis of mycoplasmal polyarthritis in rats was investigated by cultural and morphologic procedures. Virulent Mycoplasma, injected intravenously, localized in joint structures. Synovitis appeared within several days and rapidly advanced to suppurative arthritis and periosteal new bone formation. Arthritis of interspinal articulations produced hind limb paralysis. Lesions resolved with fibrosis, ankylosis and remodeling of new bone. Histologically, mycoplasmal arthritis resembled other forms of experimental suppurative arthritis, distinguishable only by isolation of the pathogenic agent.
Synovial fluid lipids in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis
Authors: Chung A. C. , Shanahan J. R. , Brown E. M.
Published: February 2007

Joint fluid and serum from rheumatoid and osteoarthritic patients revealed essentially normal values for serum lipids, but phospholipid and cholesterol/phospholipid (dp) ratios for synovial fluid resembled lipoprotein fractions of density < 1.063. Data bore no relationship to the type of arthritis. The findings indicate a qualitative difference between serum and joint lipids and pose a question of the nature of handling of fats by inflamed synovial membrane.
A comparative roentgenologic study of rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid (ankylosing) spondylitis
Authors: Dilsen Nihat , McEwen Currie , Poppel Maxweell , Gersh William J. , DiTata Dominick , Carmel Philip
Published: February 2007

Comparative roentgenologic and clinical studies of 97 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 98 with rheumatoid arthritis revealed marked differences between the two. Among the features showing the greatest differences were the frequency and degree of involvement of individual joints, sacroiliac damage, abnormalities of apophyseal joints, paravertebral calcification, abnormalities in the shape of vertebral bodies, and pelvic periostitis and osteitis.
Rheumatoid pleuritis
Authors: Schools George S. , Mikkelsen William M.
Published: February 2007

Three patients are described in whom pleural effusion appeared to be a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. In each, needle biopsy demonstrated granulomatous pleural lesions resembling the subcutaneous rheumatoid nodule while extensive studies failed to reveal any evidence of infection or neoplasm. The presence of extremely low fluid sugar concentration is regarded as strongly suggestive of rheumatoid pleuritis.
Rubella arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Santor Thomas G. , Tanner Martin
Published: February 2007

Fourteen cases of rubella arthritis were followed between 2 and 5 years after the attack. All were women. None showed any clinical manifestation suggesting rheumatoid disease over this follow‐up period nor was there a positive reactor using the englobulin sensitized sheep cell agglutination method. One patient, the daughter of a rheumatoid patient, was, and still is, positive by the englobulin inhibition reaction. The authors conclude that there is no relationship between the two diseases.
Influence of griseofulvin upon acute gouty arthritis
Authors: Slonim Roberte R. , Howell David S. , Brown Harvey E.
Published: February 2007

Antiphlogistic properties of griseofulvin, a fungistatic antibiotic, were demonstrated in patients with acute gouty arthritis. By use of moderate‐to‐high dosages, complete remissions appeared in 14 patients and partial remissions in 2 within 24 to 48 hours. Side effects of the drug were negligible.
Statistical study of variation in systemic and articular indexes
Authors: Lansbury John , Baier Howard N. , McCracken Stewart , Fettus George H. , Ecker Malcolm L. , Gaydos Thomas S.
Published: February 2007

Serial appraisals of rheumatoid activity by the systemic and articular indexes, performed by seasoned observers on patients who were accustomed to this type of examination, show an interobserver variation no greater than inter‐laboratory variations in determinations made on stock samples for uric acid, albumin and hemoglobin. However, the variation found when medical students examined new patients was considerably higher. Interobserver variation was not significantly greater than intraobserver variation. The precision and sensitivity of the various items composing the indexes are compared.
Zoxazolamine as a uricosuric agent. II. Clinical evaluation in the treatment of gout
Authors: Reed Elizabeth B.
Published: February 2007

Zoxazolamine was a well‐tolerated and effective uricosuric agent in 20 gouty patients treated for 3 to 31 months. Cardiovascular disease adversely affected the uricosuric response. Increases in creatinine clearance during treatment indicate that gout nephropathy may be reversible. Evidence suggesting that inadequate fluid intake may hasten the development of renal complications in gout is presented.
The effect of hemodialysis on acute gouty arthritis
Authors: Duncan Howard , Elliott Walter , Horn David B. , Kerr David N. S. , Pearson Derek T. , Robson Alan M.
Published: February 2007

A man with tophaceous gout was treated by hemodialysis on three occasions, starting 24 hours after the onset of an acute attack of arthritis. His plasma uric acid was reduced to sub‐normal levels for periods up to 8 hours and more than 8 Gm. of uric acid was removed. The course of the acute attack was uninfluenced by hemodialysis, suggesting that acute attacks of gout are not maintained by any dialyzable metabolite.
Studies on adjuvant‐induced polyarthritis in rats. II. Histogenesis of joint and visceral lesions
Authors: Jones Russell S. , Ward John R.
Published: February 2007

Mycobacterium butyricum in olive oil was injected intradermally and the sequential histologic changes in viscera and joints determined. Foci of suppuration in viscera occurred concomitantly with the onset of suppurative arthritis and periarthritis. The acute visceral lesions underwent healing by the time of onset of macroscopic polyarthritis. These observations are interpreted as evidence for an important infectious component in adjuvant‐induced disease.
Anti‐gamma globulin factors in liver disease
Authors: Bonomo Lorenzo , Lospalluto Joseph , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

Sera from patients with liver disease, showing positive reactions with human Fraction II (F‐II) were submitted to cation exchange chromatography. Rheumatoid factor‐like material, reacting only with F‐II and F‐II sensitized systems, was eluted at pH 6.0 and pH 7.0. In rheumatoid sera, activity was also eluted at pH 6.5. In the latter fraction, the active material reacted not only in F‐II sensitized systems but also with rabbit amboceptor sensitized sheep cells. The distribution of the activity of portal cirrhosis and infectious hepatitis sera between the pH 6.0 and pH 7.0 fractions appeared to differ. The rheumatoid factor‐like material of the serum of a patient with portal cirrhosis was isolated as a 19 S macroglobulin.
Phosphate transfer enzymes in cartilage
Authors: Eyring Edward J. , Anderson Carl E. , Ludowieg Julio
Published: February 2007

An enzymically stable powder prepared from embryonic chick cartilage has permitted demonstration and partial purification of pyruvate kinase and adenylate kinase for the first time in cartilage. Pyruvate kinase from cartilage catalyzes synthesis of UTP, a process of potential usefulness to mucopolysaccharide synthesis. It has also been possible to conclusively demonstrate the presence of glucose‐6‐phosphatase in several fractions of cartilage extract, including one rich in matrix mucopolysaccharide.
Clutton's joints with keratitis and periostitis a case report with histology of synovium
Authors: Argen Ralph J. , Dixon Allan St. John
Published: February 2007

A case of Clutton's joints or chronic synovitis as a late manifestation of congenital syphilis is presented. Progressive patchy periostitis and interstitial keratitis were also present in this 19‐year‐old‐Negro girl. All three manifestations of the disease and the serology were apparently unaffected by penicillin therapy. The histology of the synovium is presented and illustrated.
Amopyroquin (Propoquin) in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bartholomew Lee E. , Duff Ivan F.
Published: February 2007

A controlled, double‐blind trial of amopyroquin vs. placebo has been completed in 15 patients with active, classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis.

Improvement in all the parameters determined occurred while the patients were on amopyroquin. Grip strength, sedimentation rate, and Lansbury's indices showed statistically significant improvement while on amopyroquin. Improvement in the 50‐foot walk and A.R.A. functional capacity approached statistical significance.

Amopyroquin was well tolerated, but asymptomatic elevation of SGOT occurred in four patients and appeared to be related to the drug. Other tests of liver function remained normal.
Passive transfer of antinuclear activity in immunologically tolerant animals
Authors: Clark Richard F. , Burkhart Cecil R. , Bates Hampton R.
Published: February 2007

Rats made immunologically tolerant of human plasma proteins were inoculated with sera from patients with systemic L. E. The L. E. cell phenomenon was reproduced in the blood of these animals. The duration of activity of the transferred antinuclear factors was observed to be very transient in contrast to the relatively long persistence of human gamma globulin in the rat sera.
Rupture of the calcified anterior spinal ligament in the thorax
Authors: Evans Harold W.
Published: February 2007

Trauma (automobile accident) produced rupture of the anterior spinal ligament in the thoracic area with concomitant anterior separation of the adjacent vertebrae in each of two men who had rheumatoid spondylitis. This injury is unusual. The pain due to it complicated medical management of other disorders and injuries.
Simultaneous salicylate concentrations in synovial fluid and plasma in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rosenthal Robert K. , Bayles Theodore R. , Fremont‐Smith Kenneth
Published: February 2007

Total, free (diffusible) and proteinbound salicylate concentrations were determined in synovial fluid samples obtained from 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and compared with simultaneously obtained plasma concentrations. Free salicylate concentrations were essentially identical in the two fluids, implying complete equilibrium. Both the total and protein‐bound salicylate concentrations were consistently lower in the synovial fluids than in the corresponding plasmas; this difference may be explained by the lower albumin concentration in the joint fluid.
Evolution of the anti‐Gm substances and of the reactivity of rheumatoid sera for human red cells sensitized with 3 different anti‐Rh sera or immune rabbit sera and for F. II Latex
Authors: Jacqueline F. , Podliachouk L. , Eyquem A.
Published: February 2007

In rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) in addition to the rheumatoid factors detected by the Waaler‐Rose and latex F. II tests,

Henceforth we will use instead of “rheumatoid factors detected by the Waaler‐Rose and latex F II tests,” the abbrevation “rheumatoid factor.”

anti‐Gm substances and agglutinins for human red cells sensitized with 3 different anti‐Rh sera appear, mainly in cases of severe disease of long duration. Usually, during the evolution of the disease, their titer does not parallel that of the rheumatoid factors; this fact is in favor of the individuality of the anti‐Gm substances.
Effect of orally administered D‐penicillamine on gold deposited in the rat kidney
Authors: Davidson Paul , Engleman Ephraim P.
Published: February 2007

Although orally administered D‐penicillamine, a chelating agent, is known to enhance urinary excretion of gold in man, studies in experimental animals raised the possibility that renal deposition of gold might increase in the presence of the circulating gold‐penicillamine complex. To investigate this possibility, rats previously treated with a gold salt were given a diet containing the chelating agent for a 28‐day period. The renal content of gold was assayed at the end of the study period. The results showed that administration of D‐penicillamine significantly enhanced the removal of gold from the kidneys.
A clinical‐pathological study of aleutian mink disease; an experimental model for study of the connective‐tissue diseases
Authors: Thompson George R. , Aliferis Peter
Published: February 2007

A chronic disease spontaneously occurring in mink is described. This disease is characterized by a genetic predisposition for mink carrying the Aleutian gene. It is manifested by renal, hepatic, and possibly arterial changes. There is marked hyperglobulinemia. The pathologic features of the disease are reviewed. Current studies have extended the knowledge regarding the hematologic and biochemical abnormalities. Comparison of the abnormalities of this disease to human connective‐tissue diseases is made.
Urinary excretion of pyridoxine and 4‐pyridoxic acid in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: McKusick Anne B. , Sherwin Roger W. , Jones Lynn Grupenhoff , Hsu Jeng M.
Published: February 2007

Seven patients with active rheumatoid arthritis excreted significantly less pyridoxine in the urine than controls when patient‐control pairs were fed identical constant diets while receiving no drugs. After a 10 mg. dose of pyridoxine hydrochloride, change in objectively measured stiffness appeared to be inversely related to change in urinary excretion of pyridoxine. The study does not necessarily show that giving rheumatoid arthritics pyridoxine is beneficial.
Urinary hydroxyproline levels in an aged population a study of non‐osteoporotic and osteoporotic patients
Authors: Moskowitz Roland W. , Klein Leroy , Katz David
Published: February 2007

Total urinary hydroxyproline in both a non‐osteoporotic and osteoporotic group of aged persons did not differ significantly from that in a young adult population, suggesting that collagen metabolism in the aged as reflected by urinary hydroxyproline does not differ markedly from that in younger persons. No direct correlation could be made between measurements of bone size and hydroxyproline excretion. Serum alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyproline excretion did not parallel within the normal range of values studied.
The detection of anti‐globulin factors utilizing pre‐coated latex particles
Authors: Singer Jacques M. , Plotz Charles M. , Goldberg Rosalie
Published: February 2007

A modified serological procedure for the detection of anti‐gamma globulin factors has been developed. This test employs polystyrene latex particles with a diameter of 0.25 microns. The particles are coated with gamma globulin and the excess protein in solution is removed by repeated washing. A solution of these gamma globulin coated particles is stable for at least one year, and yields more reproducible titers than those originally described for the latex agglutination test.
Multiplicity of rheumatoid factor
Authors: Milgrom Felix , Tönder Olav
Published: February 2007

The reactions between rheumatoid factor and erythrocytes sensitized by antibodies of human, rabbit and guinea pig origin were studied using absorption, elution, dispersion, inhibition and mixed agglutination experiments. The results indicated that there are separate molecules of the rheumatoid factor combining with γ‐globulin of the three species.
The concentration of haptoglobin in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Niedermeier William , Cross Richard , Beetham William P.
Published: February 2007

The low concentrations of haptoglobin found in “normal” synovial fluid suggested that the synovial membrane normally possesses a mechanism for specifically excluding this glycoprotein from the joint space. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis this mechanism is apparently at least partially blocked as evidenced by the marked increase in haptoglobin concentration relative to the increase in concentration of albumin and total proteins in the synovial fluid.
The use of ultrasound in synovial fluid analysis
Authors: Dorner Robert W. , Gantner George E. , Uddin Jamal , Zuckner Jack
Published: February 2007

Ultrasound is proposed as a means of reducing synovial fluid viscosity. Ultrasound reduced the relative viscosity of synovial fluid as satisfactorily as hyaluronidase digestion. Comparison of the effect of ultrasonic treatment and of testicular hyaluronidase treatment on various constituents of synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis revealed no significant difference with respect to (1) the titer of rheumatoid factor as determined by the latex and sensitized sheep cell tests, (2) the serum protein distribution as determined by cellulose acetate and paper electrophoresis, and (3) the beta‐glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activities.
Standardization of the sheep cell agglutination test the use of pooled reference sera and hemagglutination trays
Authors: Cathcart Edgar S. , O'sullivan John B. , Lincoln Grace
Published: February 2007

An accurate and time‐saving method of performing the Waaler‐Rose test has been developed. The present paper describes in detail the technic and the experimental justification for certain modifications that were used, particularly the method of reading titration end points in perspex hemagglutination trays. Laboratory intercomparability of results was attained by standardizing the test against pooled reference sera.
Salicylate inhibition of cartilage degeneration
Authors: Simmons David P. , Donald Chrisman O.
Published: February 2007

Sodium salicylate significantly inhibits the ability of saline extracts of human articular cartilage to decrease the viscosity of chondromucoprotein. Two groups of rabbits were subjected to superficial scarification of their knee articular cartilage. Those rabbits receiving sodium salicylate in their diets did not develop many of the degenerative changes seen in the untreated animals. Salicylate inhibition of chondromucoprotein degradation in vitro and cartilage degeneration in vivo has been shown for the first time.
The effect of penicillamine on the laboratory parameters in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jaffe Israeli A.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐one patients with rheumatoid arthritis were given penicillamine for periods of four to six months, and the changes in RF titer, ESR, and CRP were measured weekly. An improvement in one or more of these parameters from their initial values was found in most of the patients at the time the agent was terminated. A review of the related literature, as well as original observations, suggests several possible explanations for the mechanism of action of the drug.
The treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis with disodium edetate
Authors: Mongan Edward S.
Published: February 2007

Four patients with biopsy‐proven progressive systemic sclerosis received six month courses of intravenous disodium edetate therapy. Extensive clinical and laboratory studies were performed prior to therapy, at the completion of therapy, and after an additional six month period during which only supportive measures were used. No consistent improvement was noted in any of the treated patients.
Reactions of Aggregated Mercaptoethanol Treated Gamma Globulin with Rheumatoid Factor Precipitin and Complement Fixation Studies
Authors: Zvaifler Nathan J. , Schur Peter
Published: February 2007

Reduction and alkylation of human gamma globulin prior to aggregation results in a loss of complement‐fixing ability, and retention of the capacity to react with rheumatoid factor. The addition of aggregated, reduced gamma globulin to serum containing high tilers of rheumatoid factor produces a typical bell‐shaped precipitin curve with an equivalence point and little precipitate in the region of antigen excess. Since aggregated, reduced gamma globulin fixes little complement by itself, it was possible to determine whether its reaction with rheumatoid factor fixes complement. Under appropriate conditions rheumatoid factor can fix complement. When aggregated, reduced gamma globulin was added to heat‐inactivated sera with varying liters of rheumatoid factor, no fixation of guinea pig or human complement was observed. But preformed complexes of rheumatoid factor and gamma globulin will fix human complement at 37 C. Intradermal injection of 40 m̈g N of aggregated, reduced gamma globulin into control subjects or patients with rheumatoid arthritis produced no immediate or delayed skin reactions.
Demonstration of rheumatoid factor in tissue by mixed agglutination with tissue sections
Authors: Milde E. J. , TÖNder O.
Published: February 2007

The mixed agglutination procedure was applied to sections of synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The tissues were examined with three test systems: 1) Sheep erythrocytes sensitized by rabbit antiserum, 2) human O Rh‐positive (CD) erythrocytes sensitized by anti‐Rh serum “Ripley,” and 3) rabbit erythrocytes sensitized with mercaptoethanol‐treated pooled human serum. Adsorption of the sensitized cells to the tissue sections was obtained in most of the cases. This mixed agglutination was inhibited by denatured Γ‐globulin and by antibodies to γM, indicating that the reaction depended on RF bound in the synovial tissue. Of 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, tissue from 30 gave positive reactions. Tissue from many patients also gave a positive reaction with RF applied to the tissue, indicating that the reactant for RF is bound in the tissue.
Some Observations of Joint Effusions
Authors: Palmer David G. , Myers Donald B.
Published: February 2007

A study has been made of some of the factors involved in the production of joint effusions. The intra‐articular hydrostatic pressure appeared to be the best measure of the disturbance in fluid balance across the damaged synovio‐capillary barrier. The colloidal osmotic pressures of the effusion fluids were not related to the intra‐articular hydrostatic pressures. There was a non‐linear relationship between the protein content and the colloidal osmotic pressure of the synovial fluids. The level of hydrostatic pressure and the nature of the intra‐articular fluid were of importance in promoting the passage of fluid from the joint cavity. Preliminary observations indicated that it should prove possible to relate some of the characteristics of an effusion to the histological appearances of the synovial membrane.
Effect of Gold Salts and Other Drugs on the Release and Activity of Lysosomal Hydrolases
Authors: Ennis Robert S. , Granda Jose Luis , Posner Aaron S.
Published: February 2007

Acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, phen‐ylbutazone, gold thiomalate and gold thioglucose had no protective effect on the release of hydrolases from lysosomes. Only the gold compounds produced a marked inhibition of acid phosphatase, /8‐glucuronidase and cathepsin, obtained from both rabbit liver lysosomes and human synovial fluid. This inhibition is reversible by the addition of a sulfhydryl compound. It is suggested that a possible mechanism of gold action in rheumatoid arthritis is the inhibition of intra‐articular hydrolases.
Elimination of Na131I from the head and the neck of the femur in unaffected and osteoarthritic hip joints
Authors: Hernborg Jerker
Published: February 2007

The elimination of Na131I from the head and the neck of the femur was determined in 14 cases of hip osteoarthritis and in 28 control subjects. The rate of elimination was significantly decreased in the osteoarthritic femoral heads. The finding was interpreted to be due to impaired capillary circulation.
Reactivity of rheumatoid factor with autologous IgG antibodies
Authors: Bandilla Klaus K. , McDuffie Frederic C.
Published: February 2007

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal subjects were immunized with sheep cell stromata. The isolated rheumatoid factor (RF) from 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed reactivity with autologous IgG anti‐sheep cell antibody coated onto sheep erythrocytes, whereas the whole serum failed to agglutinate antibody coated cells. The Gm type of the antibody, denaturation, and antigen‐antibody complex formation could be excluded as factors leading to autoreactivity. Inhibition studies suggested that RF has a greater affinity for autologous native IgG than for isologous IgG.
The relationship of rheumatoid factor to age of onset in Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hanson Vergil , Rexler Elizabeth D. , Kornreich Helen
Published: February 2007

In a prospective study of 110 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the incidence of rheumatoid factor was shown to be clearly related to age at onset. Only 3.8 per cent of children with onset before 4 years of age had positive tests by the latex fixation method, compared to 25.6 per cent with onset from 4 to 12 years of age and 77.8 per cent with onset between 12 and 16 years of age. These differences were confirmed by the SSC method, and the differences were statistically highly significant.
Giant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumatica, loss of vision, and abdominal symptoms occurring during a four year course
Authors: Simkin Peter A. , Healey L. A. , Pearson Carl M. , Simkin Peter A. , Healey L. A.
Published: February 2007

A 75‐year‐old man presented with symptoms suggesting polymyalgia rheumatica. During the following 4 year period he suffered temporal arteritis with visual loss and weight loss with abdominal symptoms of cramps and diarrhea, each episode separated by asymptomatic periods when his erythrocyte sedimentation rate was normal. Prednisone ultimately controlled his symptoms, and his erythrocyte sedimentation rate improved.
Basal urinary pyrophosphate excretion in pseudogout
Authors: Pflug Michael , McCarty Daniel J. , Kawahara Frank
Published: February 2007

Urinary pyrophosphate excretion was measured in 4 patients with calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease, and was found to be in the low normal range reported by others. A more strictly controlled diet may account for the relatively low values obtained.
Murine amyloid. II. Transfer of an amyloid‐accelerating substance
Authors: Willerson James T. , Gordon Joyce K. , Talal Norman , Barth Werner F.
Published: February 2007

The transfer of an amyloid‐accelerating substance in several different mouse strains is described. The relative ease of transfer was strain‐dependent. Nitrogen mustard enhanced amyloid deposition but was not necessary in one strain. Liver and lung as well as spleen cell suspensions and subcellular fractions from mice treated with casein were able to transfer the amyloid‐promoting material. Endotoxin may be used interchangeably with casein for the induction of amyloidosis in the donor mice with comparable transfer results. The possible mechanisms involved in “amyloid transfer” are discussed.
Leukocyte‐connective tissue cell interaction. II. The specificity, duration, and mechanism of interaction effects
Authors: Castor C. William , Yaron Michael
Published: February 2007

Human fibroblasts grown in vitro as monolayer cultures were “activated” by syngeneic lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and fibroblasts as well as by allogeneic leukocytes, human embryonic kidney cells, fibroblasts, and thrombocytes. “Activation” was characterized by increased medium acidity, increased glucose uptake, increased lactate formation, and marked stimulation of hyaluronic acid formation. The “activation” process was blocked by preincubation with actinomycin D, but not by incubation with 2,4 dinitrophenol. “Activated” fibroblasts continued to exhibit increased mucopolysaccharide synthesis for 5 to 28 days following a single exposure to stimulatory materials.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a mother and her identical twin sons
Authors: Kapusta M. A. , Metrakos J. D. , Pinsky L. , Shugar J. L. , Naimark A. P.
Published: February 2007

A family is presented in which a mother and her monozygotic twin sons have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Anterior occipitocervical fusion in rheumatoid arthritis: Report of a Case
Authors: deAndrade J. Robin , Macnab Ian
Published: February 2007

A case of rheumatoid arthritis with cervical spine involvement leading to quadriparesis is reported. Cord pressure necessitated laminectomy to achieve decompression. This was done with a partial reversal of the neurological abnormalities. Since structural disease of bone was present, stabilization was mandatory. The laminectomy had rendered posterior fusion unlikely to succeed; hence a method was devised to fuse the occipital and upper cervical region from the front through an extraoral approach.
The inhibition of adjuvant disease in rats by the interferon‐inducing agent pyran copolymer
Authors: Kapusta M. A. , Mendelson J.
Published: February 2007

The effect of pyran copolymer, a synthetic polyanionic interferon inducer, was studied in adjuvant‐induced disease in rats. This agent was shown to induce interferon in Sprague‐Dawley and CD®F rats and to inhibit adjuvant‐induced arthritis in both species of rats. Splenomegaly was inhibited in CD®F rats. Based on the time at which single injections were most effective, pyran did not seem to have an antiinflammatory effect and its action was different from antilymphocyte serum. These data open the question of the role of a virus or virus‐like microorganism in the pathogenesis of adjuvant disease. A hypothesis reconciling immune participation in this disease with the role of a possible infectious agent is presented.
Mechanism of complement binding by the red cell in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gilliland Bruce C. , Turner Elizabeth
Published: February 2007

Red cells of 8 rheumatoid arthritis patients, reactive with an anti‐complement serum only, were shown to have a dissociable factor capable of inducing complement fixation to normal red cells in vitro. Red cells coated with complement in vitro by exposure to autologous low ionic strength serum or by the action of cold agglutinins did not induce complement fixation to normal red cells. It is postulated that the complement fixation to red cells in vivo observed in these patients is mediated by small amounts of red cell autoantibodies or antigen‐antibody complexes.
The removal of aggregated and nonaggregated autologous gamma globulin from rheumatoid joints
Authors: Sliwinski Anthony J. , Zvaifler Nathan J.
Published: February 2007

The removal of proteins from the knee joints of patients with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis was studied. IgG is removed at the same rate as albumin. Reduction of IgG with 2‐mercaptoethanol does not alter this rate. Heat aggregation of reduced IgG enhances, rather than retards, its removal from the joint. This enhancement was noted in both rheumatoid and osteoarthritic joints. No articular inflammation was produced with the intraarticular injection of autologous or homologous reduced IgG in aggregated or nonaggregated forms.
Negative result: Treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with gamma globulin: A double‐blind controlled study
Authors: Herman Jerome H. , Jasin Hugo E. , Smiley J. Donald , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

Because agammaglobulinemic patients show a markedly increased incidence of a rheumatoid‐like arthritis, which improves after γ globulin treatment, the clinical and serological changes resulting from repeated injections of pooled human γ globulin given to adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been evaluated in a controlled, double‐blind study. No significant beneficial effects on laboratory or clinical parameters were observed. However, 2 of the 10 patients treated developed precipitating antibody to a β globulin component of the γ globulin preparation given.
Rheumatoid arthritis, dysproteinemic arthropathy, and paraproteinemia
Authors: Zawadzki Zbigniew A. , Benedek Thomas G.
Published: February 2007

The results of clinical and immunochemical studies of 16 patients with rheumatoid disease and 2 with secondary joint disease who had coexistent para‐proteinemias are presented. The former include 8 cases of lanthanic dysimmuno‐globulinemia, 6 cases of multiple myeloma, and one case each of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and heavy‐chain disease. The latter group consisted of 2 patients with multiple myeloma in whom dysproteinemic arthropathy developed. Other primary neoplasms occurred in 6 of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The onset of rheumatoid arthritis antedated the detection of para‐proteinemia by 1 to 44 years (average 15). Prolonged antigenic stimulation manifested by rheumatoid arthritis is discussed as a possible pathogenetic factor in the evolution of immunoproliferative disorders.
CRST syndrome and “neuropathic” arthropathy
Authors: Karten Irving
Published: February 2007

A 48‐year‐old woman had features of the CRST variant of systemic sclerosis as well as a severe “neuropathic” arthropathy. No underlying neurologic disorder could be found with certainty. She denied the existence of joint pain, and it is suggested that hysterical indifference to joint pain aggravated the otherwise mild arthritis of systemic sclerosis.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility in vitro. IV. colchicine inhibition of chemotactic activity formation after phagocytosis of urate crystals
Authors: Phelps Paulding
Published: February 2007

Phagocytosis of urate crystals by polymorphynuclear leukocytes has previously been reported to be associated with the generation of a substance chemotactic for distant polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In the present studies, the chemotactic substance was not dialyzable and was not found after freeze‐thawing normal cells. It was detectable approximately 11 min after crystals were added to polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and the amount generated was proportional to the phagocytosis of crystals. Colchicine suppressed the generation of this chemotactic substance.