bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of uncertainty factors in the prediction of missile pitch damping derivatives by unstructured CFD solver
Authors: Zhang Jian , Gong Xiaoquan , Zhang Peihong , Liu Jie , Zhang Yaobing
Published: October 2023

Based on the transient planar pitching method, the dynamic derivative calculation function is implemented on an unstructured computational fluid (CFD) software NNW-FlowStar. Then the pitch-damping dynamic derivatives of the standard model of the ANF missile at zero angles of attack and different Mach numbers (0.5∼4.5) are calculated. The influence of various numerical and physical parameters on the calculation results of dynamic derivatives is studied in detail. It is found that the dynamic derivatives of pitch damping are independent of the values of amplitude (0.125° ≤ A ≤ 1°) and reduction frequency (0.025 ≤ k ≤ 0.2). When the number of calculation steps of the sine oscillation period is 200 and the number of inner iterations is 40, the prediction accuracy and computing efficiency can meet the engineering requirements simultaneously in this case. The influence of different grid resolutions on the dynamic derivative calculation results is studied. Results show that the grid requirements of dynamic derivative calculation are consistent with those of steady-state calculations. Finally, the calculation results are compared with the free flight test results, which verifies the reliability of the methods and parameters suggested in this paper.
Numerical Simulation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Dry Gas Seal
Authors: Cao Yue , Jin Jian , Chang Yinhui , Wang Xiaojing
Published: October 2023

A theoretical model of the dry gas seal (DGS) was established, considering real gas, inertia, turbulence, and choked flow effects. The steady-state performance of supercritical carbon dioxide DGSs under high-pressure and high-speed operating conditions was analyzed. The results show that: the increase in groove depth will result in higher opening force and leakage; the opening force and leakage initially increase and then decrease with the increase in the spiral angle; the opening force and leakage increase with the increase in the inlet pressure; the increasing rotation speed leads to an increase in opening force and leakage.
Kinetic Equation Study on Momentum Conservation of Aerodynamics Incompressible Fluid of High-Altitude Aircraft
Authors: Tao Meiying
Published: October 2023

This paper introduces an integrated aerodynamic design method for aircraft based on numerical solution of hydrodynamics and electromagnetics equations. By using Pro/Engineer, ANSA, Fluent and MATLAB, the geometric shape, unstructured fluid mesh, hydrodynamic parameters and unpowered flight trajectory data of an aircraft were processed and calculated. In this paper, N-S equations are studied, and a test scheme for a hydrodynamic material aerodynamic model is established. Then, relevant parameters of the aircraft are tested and studied. The feasibility of this method for unsteady aerodynamics analysis of aircraft is verified.
Impact of Inclined Magnetic Field of Casson Fluid on Double Diffusive Natural Convection in a Curvilinear Enclosure
Authors: Chuhan Imran Shabir , Li Jing , Zhao Hongzhen , Guo Ziyu , Yaqub Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad Aqib
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the Casson fluid model and the inclined magnetic field are used to analyse mathematically the energy transport of double diffusive natural convection (DDNC) in a curvilinear enclosure. The Galerkin finite element method (GFEM) is used to discretize the equations. When simulating the different ranges of Rayleigh numbers (105 ≤ Ra ≤ 108) and the heated part, we adopt isotherms and streamlines to visualize the thermal and flow fields. In addition, we study the impact of the Casson parameter on the Nusselt number along the cavity wall. The results show that the lower values of Casson fluid parameter have a significant effect on the Nusselt number in the middle of the cavity. Finally, the results are verified with the existing studies, and various parameters such as streamline, isotherm, isoconcentration contour and kinetic energy are presented in the form of graphs and tabular formats.
Numerical Simulation of the Internal Flow Field of Test Chamber at High Altitude Environment
Authors: Wang Guohong , Liu Zhenting , Zhang Baojun , Li Shuang
Published: October 2023

In order to further promote the digitalization extent of environmental test, ensure that the test chamber can more realistically simulate the actual environment, and improve the environmental adaptability of vehicle equipment in extreme environments, the three-dimensional CFD simulation method was used to calculate simulation test chamber of an armored vehicle in high-altitude environment in the form of low-speed return flow wind tunnel. There are movable suspension and flap in the entrance to the contraction section of the test chamber. The velocity field and temperature field were analyzed, the temperature distribution and heat transfer in the characteristic section of the test section under different flap deflection angles were compared and analyzed by selecting working conditions, and make the relationship among flow speed and flow rate and the temperature field of the test section clear.
Study on the mechanism and simulation of slurry diffusion in fractured rock mass based on detour effect
Authors: Lu Guozhi , Ni Ping , Hu Fei
Published: October 2023

The grout diffusion law and grouting effect of fractured rock mass are affected by the roundabout effect. In this paper, based on the power law fluid theory, the formula of slurry diffusion mechanism in fractured rock mass considering the circuitous effect is derived; Further, based on COMSOL numerical simulation software, the influence of grouting pressure and grouting time on the slurry diffusion range is studied; Finally, through comparative analysis, the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical analysis are verified based on the numerical simulation results. The research results can provide theoretical reference and technical support for the design and construction of grouting engineering.
Numerical investigation of the discharging process in a latent cold storage unit
Authors: Yang Xun , Li Chao
Published: October 2023

In this study, a latent cold storage unit using vertical cylindrical structure coupled with a concentric air duct is proposed. The cold discharging process of the unit is simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on the enthalpy-porosity method. The temperature distribution and liquid fraction distribution of the latent cold storage unit are analyzed. In addition, thermal performance including the average temperature of phase change material, outlet air temperature, the liquid fraction and the cold discharging power are analyzed in detail.
Investigation of dynamic characteristics in the hydraulic shock absorber based on different FSI FEA methods
Authors: Xu Wenxue , Gu Changming , Fu Shuguang , Lv Mingliang
Published: October 2023

Two three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) finite element analysis (FEA) models with different fluid cells and coupling solution methods of a gas-pressured hydraulic shock absorber is constructed, and the results are partially verified experimentally. Models with FCBI fluid cell and direct FSI solution method or FCBI-C fluid cell and iterative FSI solution method provide good simulation results of the FSI system of the hydraulic damper.
Delayed onset of the tropical Asian summer monsoon in CMIP6 can be linked to the cold bias over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hu Die , Duan Anmin , Tang Yuheng , Yu Wei
Published: October 2023

Most global circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulate a delayed onset of the tropical Asian summer monsoon of 3–6 pentads when compared with the observations. However, a clear explanation of this model bias has yet to be developed. This study indicates that 23 of the 31 of CMIP6 models generate both the Tibetan Plateau (TP) cold bias and the delayed monsoon onset across tropical Asia. The aloft TP cold air temperature associated with these models tends to reduce the land–sea thermal contrast and monsoon circulation, and hence it generates a delayed onset for the tropical summer monsoon. Two sensitivity experiments based on a coupled ocean–atmosphere–land GCM, together with additional data analysis, further confirm the underlying connection between monsoon onset and temperature anomaly over the TP. Therefore, it is of great importance that we attempt to reduce the model bias associated with the simulation of monsoon onset by improving the physical process parameterization scheme related to the TP temperatures.
Logarithmic negativity and spectrum in free fermionic systems for well-separated intervals
Authors: Bettelheim Eldad
Published: October 2023

We employ a mathematical framework based on the Riemann-Hilbert approach developed by Bettelheim et al (2022 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.
55 135001) to study logarithmic negativity of two intervals of free fermions in the case where the size of the intervals as well as the distance between them is macroscopic. We find that none of the eigenvalues of the density matrix become negative, but rather they develop a small imaginary value, leading to non-zero logarithmic negativity. As an example, we compute negativity at half-filling and for intervals of equal size we find a result of order

(
log
(
N
)
)

−
1

, where N is the typical length scale in units of the lattice spacing. One may compute logarithmic negativity in further situations, but we find that the results are non-universal, depending non-smoothly on the Fermi level and the size of the intervals in units of the lattice spacing.
Enhancing Soybean Eco-Farming Sustainability Through On-Farm, Off-Farm Sub-System, and Value Chain Integration
Authors: Setiawan A. B. , Junaedy F. A. , Dzikri R. A. , Bowo P. A. , Nindhita Y.
Published: October 2023

Soybean is a highly demanded agricultural product. However, it is miserable that national soybean production has yet to meet the high demand, resulting in the high value of soybean imports. In addition, Indonesia’s soybean productivity is relatively low compared to the productivity of other soybean centers worldwide. This study aims to examine the condition and sustainability of soybean farming as a whole, namely from the on-farm and off-farm side, as well as the trading system, which then provides technical input to increase the productivity of soybean farming through synergy between sub-systems. Sustainable agriculture is also essential to ensure that farming can be self-sufficient. Therefore, research and development of the agricultural sector are essential, considering that agricultural commodities are not only consumer goods but are also closely related to the problem of food security. This quantitative research uses Analytic Network Process (ANP) analysis and descriptive statistics.
Determinants of Agricultural Income to Promote Economic Sustainability in Indonesia
Authors: Pratiwik Erida , Rahmayani Dwi
Published: October 2023

Indonesia is an agricultural country where most of the population works as farmers. The share of the agricultural sector in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ranks third, with an average informal sector employment of 88.34% in the last five years. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the contribution of the agriculture sector to economic sustainability growth, proxied by national income, in the short and long run through the Error Correction Model (ECM) regression analysis tool with time series data of Indonesia for the 1991 – 2020 period through four independent variables; arable land, agricultural machinery, GDP growth per capita, and labor productivity of the agricultural sector. The results showed that Arable Land has a positive effect on Agricultural Income, significant in the long run but insignificant in the short run. Agricultural Machinery and Labor Productivity have a significant positive effect both in the short and long run. Then, the GDP per capita growth has a significant negative effect in the short and long run. From the results of the research, several policy recommendations have been compiled for the advancement of the agricultural sector in Indonesia, one of them is the intensification of machinery utilization.
Effectiveness of eco enzyme liquid on the growth of Catfish (Pangasius djambal) raised in peat soil fish ponds
Authors: Suriani M , Winarti S , Arifin S , Alpian  , Setyowati E D P , Wibowo A
Published: October 2023

Eco enzymes are derived from the fermentation of organic matter, particularly fruit and vegetable peels, offering the advantage of being a versatile natural cleaning solution. They also serve as essential nutrients for plant and algae growth, while converting CO2into carbon trioxide (CO3), which benefits marine plants and aquatic life. This study aimed to investigate the impact of providing alternative feed/companion in the form of eco enzyme liquid, composed of 90% organic matter from three types of fruit peels and 10% vegetable residues from fern plants, on the growth ofPangasius djambalin conventional fish ponds with peat water. The implementation of 1 litre of ecoenzyme per 100 ml of peat water in the fish ponds led to the enhancement ofPangasius djambal, resulting in increased weight and varying lengths. The correlation coefficient (>1) indicates a strong relationship between fish weight and length, suggesting that the total weight of the fish is directly proportional to its length. Moreover, the water quality standards, including physical, chemical, and biological parameters, in the conventional fish enlargement ponds with peat soil pond water type were well-maintained, preventing contamination from feed residues and fish feces, even after 28 days of fish enlargement.
Examining Passenger Trust and Experience to Develop Loyalty in Eco Friendly Transportation
Authors: Prihandono D. , Abiprayu K. B. , Wijaya A. P.
Published: October 2023

This study examines the effects of passenger trust and passenger experience on passenger satisfaction and passenger loyalty in the context of eco-friendly transportation. The research objective is to analyze the relationship between these variables and their implications for promoting sustainable transportation practices. A sample of participants, consisting of eco-friendly transportation users with the number 116 sample as respondents, was surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis, including multiple regression, was conducted to determine the relationships and significance of these variables. The findings revealed a significant positive effect of passenger trust on passenger satisfaction and passenger loyalty. Similarly, passenger experience demonstrated a significant positive effect on passenger satisfaction and passenger loyalty. This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the significance of passenger trust and passenger experience in influencing satisfaction and loyalty in the context of eco-friendly transportation. The findings have implications for policymakers and transportation stakeholders, offering insights into strategies to promote sustainable transportation practices and enhance passenger satisfaction and loyalty.
The Causality Between CO2 Emissions and Electricity Generations: Evidence from Environmental Quality
Authors: Pujiati A. , Nihayah D. M. , Rahman Y. A. , Rosalia A. C. T. , Saputra A. M. , Damayanti N.
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the causality relationship between CO2 emissions and electricity generations in the 10 most populous countries. This study uses secondary data from the British Petroleum (BP) annual report from 2000-2021. The data analysis method uses Pairwise Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel causality analysis, carried out by stationarity and cointegration tests. The results of the analysis state that there is a bidirectional relationship that influences each other between CO2 emissions and electricity generations. The implication of this research is the need for countries to prepare for renewable sources of electrical energy to be able to reduce CO2 emissions, especially those sourced from fossil energy.
Where does flood resilience grow? the flood environmental management and socioeconomic configurations of the smart environment model
Authors: Hidayati B. , Wardana F.C. , Tiarantika R. , Setiawan E. , Suwanan A.F. , Riyanto F.D.
Published: October 2023

The most common natural hazard in the world, flooding often damages Indonesia’s economy and claims many lives and properties. This article explores the significance of flood environmental management and socioeconomic configurations to flood resilience. The Smart Environment Model (SEM) helps understand the flow of the theoretical framework of flood reliance growth. Methodology in this research uses the quantitative method with independent sample two tests to analyze different patterns of flood experience in Malang City. The Multinomial Logistic Regression statistical analysis is used to evaluate causal models in Smart Environment Model. The Smart Environment Model provides a framework for methodically analyzing flood learning from various events (socioeconomic and smart environment) to demonstrate how to apply the SEM model and as an initial attempt to explore the question, of the linking between environmental flood management and flood resilience. These two environments are characterized by contrasting levels of flood resistance. There are differences between these two village flood resistance, Glintung Village and Sukun Village. The result shows that the SEM model has factors that are socio-economics, smart learning environment, and ecological path which have a significant impact on flood environment management. On the other hand, external factors including mitigation and preparation, have a significant in flood resilience that have subsequently in flood environmental management patterns. The linking flood environmental management and Socioeconomic to nurture flood resilience in the Face of Climate Change.
Communication Marketing Capability Through Social Media to Improve Awareness of Climate Change Mediated by Green Knowledge Sharing (A Case Study of Indonesian and Japanese Students)
Authors: Umboh I. A. , Aryanto V. D. W. , Sepang S. M. E. W. , Lombogia C. A.
Published: October 2023

This study proposes a model of social marketing communication through social media to improve awareness of climate change among Generation Z. The comparative analysis between two nationalities on climate change communication so far is under research. This comparative study discussed the issue of two countries’ Generation Z: Indonesia and Japan. We conducted this comparative study between Universitas Dian Nuswantoro and Universitas Katolik De La Salle in Indonesia and the Tokyo University of Technology in Japan; data were collected by distributing questionnaires from January to March 2020, right before the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. This research has withdrawn respondents of 200 sophomore students representing Generation Z in both universities with the criteria of frequent engagement in social media to have environmental awareness. This study revealed that hypothesis 1, social media communication marketing capability has a significant impact on climate change awareness, hypothesis 2, that communication marketing capability has a significant effect on green knowledge sharing, and hypothesis 3, that green knowledge sharing has a significant impact on climate change awareness. The research findings revealed that green knowledge sharing was essential in bridging the gap between communication marketing capability and climate change awareness. Therefore, to effectively improve climate change understanding among Generation Z, our research suggests including green knowledge sharing through social media. Students of both countries grabbed green knowledge sharing, and people can consider this study that represented two countries to improve how to communicate climate change awareness among Generation Z.
Sustainable nature tourism object selection in North Barito Regency: Formulating criteria and determining priorities
Authors: Sunarty S , Lautt B S , Masliani  , Erang D
Published: October 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has shifted tourists’ preferences towards natural open spaces offering opportunities for social distancing, enjoying natural beauty, and engaging in recreational activities that support physical and mental well-being. However, some of these tourist destinations lack proper regulations, leading to unsustainability issues. This research aims to formulate criteria for prioritizing tourist attraction objects or Objek Daya Tarik Wisata (ODTW) in North Barito Regency, Central Kalimantan. The study employs expert judgment to ensure the selection process considers ecological, social, and economic factors. A set of criteria is then formulated to guide the selection of nature tourism objects. The criteria include alignment with regional spatial planning, compatibility with regional development plans, consistency with tourism development plans, and exclusion from mining permit areas, proximity to urban centres and transportation hubs, and inclusion as assets of the local government. Based on the established criteria, Trinsing reservoir and Trahean reservoir with its Panglima Batur camping ground are selected as priority ODTW. However, the evaluation reveals that each selected ODTWs still faces shortcomings in attraction, accessibility, amenity, and ancillary aspects. Consequently, there is a need for appropriate development and management strategies to address these challenges and enhance the ecotourism potential in the Regency.
Environment Concern Through Digitalization of Village Financial Reporting and Accountability of Village Fund Management: Can it Accelerate the Achievement of Village Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
Authors: Handayani B. D. , Ismiyati I. , Astuti D. P.
Published: October 2023

The use of Village Funds is prioritised for programmes aimed at accelerating the accomplishment of Village Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Because village funds are critical to achieving the SDGs, transparency and accountability in their management are critical. Digitising village financial reporting is an endeavour to eliminate the usage of paper (paperless) to contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition to lowering the use of paper, it is believed that the digitalization of financial reporting will make it easier for the community to have supervision over the use of village funds. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of village fund management accountability and digitization of village financial reporting on expediting village Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) attainment. The quantitative descriptive research method was applied in this study. A questionnaire with a Likert scale was used to collect primary data. Village officials from 11 villages in Poncowarno Sub-District participated in this study, which included village heads, village secretaries, heads of financial affairs, and heads of welfare. With 44 respondents, the sampling technique employed was purposive sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilised to analyse the data in this study. The data analysis results suggest that accountability for managing village money and digitalization village financial reporting have a substantial impact on advancing local SDG accomplishment.
Biochar-ZnO Composites from Petung Bamboo Stems to Increase Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue in Wastewater
Authors: Astuti W. , Sulistyaningsih T. , Pradnya I. N. , Wulansarie R. , Tongo M. M. A. , Rahmawati D. , Amalia P. , Liana A. W.
Published: October 2023

The rapid development of industrial sector worldwide has contributed greatly to environmental pollution. In many countries, surface and groundwater are polluted by industrial wastewater effluent, such as synthetic dyes. Dyes are difficult to decompose naturally and cause disruption to aquatic ecosystems. To eliminate risks associated with the presence of synthetic dyes, photocatalytic-adsorption is still considered the most environmentally friendly and effective for dye removal. In this work, a novel biochar-ZnO composite was synthesized from petung bamboo stems having a high cellulose content, and used to eliminate methylene blue dye in the water. Biochar-ZnO composite was prepared from bamboo stems via a two-step pyrolysis process in a furnace with nitrogen flow at 400°C and 700°C for one hour. The addition of ZnO into biochar enhanced methylene blue removal up to 94.6% at an initial concentration of 10 mg.dm-3, pH 3, and contact time of 180 minutes, under UV light. It can be concluded that biochar-ZnO composite is highly feasible for dye removal from wastewater.
Abandonment and Site Restoration (ASR) Funding Scheme in the Context of Environmental Protection after Upstream Oil and Gas Business Activities from an Economic Law Perspective
Authors: Waspiah W , Arifin R , Baiquni M I , Adiyatma S E
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on the Abandonment and Site Restoration (ASR) Funding Scheme and its significance in environmental protection following upstream oil and gas activities. ASR activities have a substantial impact on the environment, necessitating an adequate funding scheme to ensure both environmental preservation and economic sustainability in the oil and gas sector. The presence of comprehensive regulations governing the implementation of ASR activities is crucial, as they address not only the restoration of environmental functions but also accountability and financing. Failure to address these concerns could lead to future problems, particularly when operations are completed and oil and gas companies have departed from Indonesia. This research, conducted through legal analysis, examines the implementation of ASR activities in accordance with international and Indonesian laws and regulations, while also identifying the obstacles encountered in their execution. The study employs normative legal research methodology, utilizing secondary data such as laws, regulations, and books. The findings of this research elucidate the funding scheme for post-operation ASR activities, including the ASR funds outlined in SKK Migas Decree No. KEP-OO87/SKKMAO0O0/2018/SO, which provides guidelines for Abandonment and Site Restoration Work, and the subsequent fund arrangements following upstream oil and gas operations as stipulated in Permen ESDM No. 15 of 2018.
Implementation of the Green Productivity Strategy in Achieving Food Security through the Role of Education
Authors: Munawaroh  , Wibowo I , Ifada LM , Hamdani H MA , Kamaludin
Published: October 2023

Building a food security system involves all main actors including the community, government, industry and education. The Green Productivity Strategy can be applied in the education system at all levels of education with the stages of awareness, improvement and maintenance. A boarding school education foundation in Bekasi City that manages primary to senior secondary education levels was selected as a pilot project to describe the implementation of the Green Productivity Strategy and illustrate the strength of food security in the school, foundation and family environment. Paired Sample T-Test results show that there are differences in the improvement stage based on the level of education because tools, methods, technology and experts are required according to the needs in the era of knowledge and technology. The results of this study also show that the implementation of green productivity through education is a method that is expected to be integrated with all key actors to foster a culture of socializing with nature and the environment from an early age as an effort to welcome the demographic bonus in strengthening food security.
Study on laser prepared reinforcement unit distribution of large scale non-uniform hardness surface of gray cast iron against wear
Authors: Pang Xiuyun , Gu Zhengwei , Zhang Peng , Zhou Hong
Published: October 2023

By mimicking the ‘non-smooth structural unit’ of the dung beetle’s cuticle layer through laser, a large-scale striped surface structure with alternating hard and soft areas was fabricated on gray cast iron, which effectively enhanced various properties. This work investigated the impact of different distributions of the striped reinforcement units on wear resistance by introducing distinct local reinforcement areas on the surface. By integrating finite element analysis, an in-depth study of the wear resistance mechanism of the striped bionic samples was conducted. The findings highlight that different distributions of the striped reinforcement units significantly influence the surface stress distribution. In this work, the increase in wear resistance is directly proportional to the uniformity of the reinforcement units’ distribution. Notably, the wear resistance is optimized when the reinforcement units are uniformly dispersed at a spacing of 4.2 mm.
Equivariant neural networks for spin dynamics simulations of itinerant magnets
Authors: Miyazaki Yu
Published: October 2023

I present a novel equivariant neural network architecture for the large-scale spin dynamics simulation of the Kondo lattice model. This neural network mainly consists of tensor-product-based convolution layers and ensures two equivariances: translations of the lattice and rotations of the spins. I implement equivariant neural networks for two Kondo lattice models on two-dimensional square and triangular lattices, and perform training and validation. In the equivariant model for the square lattice, the validation error (based on root mean squared error) is reduced to less than one-third compared to a model using invariant descriptors as inputs. Furthermore, I demonstrate the ability to simulate phase transitions of skyrmion crystals in the triangular lattice, by performing dynamics simulations using the trained model.
Universal adversarial perturbations for multiple classification tasks with quantum classifiers
Authors: Qiu Yun-Zhong
Published: October 2023

Quantum adversarial machine learning is an emerging field that studies the vulnerability of quantum learning systems against adversarial perturbations and develops possible defense strategies. Quantum universal adversarial perturbations are small perturbations, which can make different input samples into adversarial examples that may deceive a given quantum classifier. This is a field that was rarely looked into but worthwhile investigating because universal perturbations might simplify malicious attacks to a large extent, causing unexpected devastation to quantum machine learning models. In this paper, we take a step forward and explore the quantum universal perturbations in the context of heterogeneous classification tasks. In particular, we find that quantum classifiers that achieve almost state-of-the-art accuracy on two different classification tasks can be both conclusively deceived by one carefully-crafted universal perturbation. This result is explicitly demonstrated with well-designed quantum continual learning models with elastic weight consolidation method to avoid catastrophic forgetting, as well as real-life heterogeneous datasets from hand-written digits and medical MRI images. Our results provide a simple and efficient way to generate universal perturbations on heterogeneous classification tasks and thus would provide valuable guidance for future quantum learning technologies.
Comparing experimental auctions and real choice experiments in food choice: a homegrown and induced value analysis
Authors: Caputo Vincenzina , Lagoudakis Angelos , Shupp Robert , Bazzani Claudia
Published: October 2023

This study compares a real choice experiment (RCE) with three commonly used experimental auction (EA) mechanisms (Becker–DeGroot–Marschak, random nth price auction (RNPA), second price auction (SPA)) to determine whether willingness to pay (WTP) estimates differ across these elicitation methods. We use quality labels on eggs as the empirical application and find that the SPA, RNPA and RCE yield similar WTP estimates, while the BDM mechanism generally produces higher WTP estimates. We also compare these EAs and the RCE in an induced value setting and find that the BDM auction produces greater deviations from the underlying value than the other EAs and RCE. We suggest that RCEs may be preferable to BDMs for collecting WTP estimates in logistically difficult experimental settings.
The Fourth Age in Prospect
Authors: Ekerdt David J , Adamson Erin , HasmanováMarhánková Jaroslava , Chin David C W , Fung Helene H , Liou Shyhnan , Morgan Cyleen A , Lessenich Stephan , Münch Anne
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Higgs and Gilleard (2015) have uniquely theorized the fourth age as a “social imaginary” of deep old age that blends notions of frailty, abjection, and the moral relations of care. This report evaluates the coherence and reach of the fourth-age imaginary among older adults in relative good health.

Methods

In a qualitative design and within samples at 5 sites (in Czechia, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the United States), 138 adults aged 70+ and still living independently discussed what it would mean to be “not independent” in later life. Replies referenced other people in general, specific people, and one’s own actual or potential experience.

Results

Pooled across sites, the views of our participants confirm the theorized features of the social imaginary. Participants spoke readily of gateway infirmities heralding frailty and of frailty’s abjection; expressed dread and abhorrence of dependence, some saying that death would be preferable; and were anxious about nursing homes and about burdening others with an obligation to care for them.

Discussion

The bleak but formidable reputation of the fourth age impinges on those living in the third. The consonant expression of fourth-age features among older adults on 3 continents supports Gilleard and Higgs’s claim that the fourth-age imaginary “contains a universal ontological quality” owing to human corporeality and the senescence to which it is subject. Fourth-age studies that document the lived experience of frailty and dependence have the potential to undermine the imaginary and furnish new narratives for facing the future.
Marital Satisfaction, Gender, and Active Social Engagement in Older Adults: Longitudinal Evidence From South Korea
Authors: Kim Jinho
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This study investigated the longitudinal association between marital satisfaction and active social engagement among older adults, while also considering potential gender differences in these associations.

Methods

Seven waves of data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from 2006 to 2019 were utilized (N = 2,568, aged 65 or older). Fixed-effects Poisson regression models were employed to account for unobserved individual-level confounders. To capture active social engagement comprehensively, multiple activity types including social interaction, physical activity, travel activity, and volunteer activity were considered. An interaction model was used to examine potential gender differences.

Results

The results of this study suggested that an individual’s marital satisfaction is associated with an increase in their active social engagement. A one-standard deviation increase in marital satisfaction was associated with a 1.9%, 2.9%, 5.8%, and 18.1% higher incidence rate of engagement in social interaction, physical activity, travel activity, and volunteer activity, respectively, after accounting for individual-specific factors. The associations for social interaction and travel activity were largely driven by older men. In contrast, the associations for physical activity and volunteer activity were similar for older men and older women.

Discussion

Marital satisfaction plays a crucial role in fostering active social engagement among older adults. Interventions designed to address social and financial obstacles within marital relationships among older adults could effectively improve their health and well-being by promoting various types of activities. The impact of these interventions may differ based on gender and the specific types of activities involved.
Securing the supply of benzathine penicillin: a global perspective on risks and mitigation strategies to prevent future shortages
Authors: Seghers Frederic , Taylor Melanie M , Storey Andrew , Dong Jicui , Wi Teodora C , Wyber Rosemary , Ralston Kate , Nguimfack Boniface Dongmo
Published: October 2023

Benzathine benzylpenicillin is a globally indispensable medicine. As a long-lasting injectable penicillin, it serves as the primary treatment for syphilis, group A streptococcal infections, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. A competitive market and low profit margins, compounded by limited visibility of demand, have resulted in a decreased number of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturers. By 2016, only three Chinese API manufacturers remained, continuing to supply to the global market today. Recurring global shortages, a consequence of supply and demand imbalances, indicate underlying market risks. Therefore, the need for mitigation strategies is imperative.
Prediction of the daily nutrient requirements of gestating sows based on sensor data and machine-learning algorithms
Authors: Durand Maëva , Largouët Christine , de Beaufort Louis Bonneau , Dourmad Jean Yves , Gaillard Charlotte
Published: October 2023

Precision feeding is a strategy for supplying an amount and composition of feed as close that are as possible to each animal’s nutrient requirements, with the aim of reducing feed costs and environmental losses. Usually, the nutrient requirements of gestating sows are provided by a nutrition model that requires input data such as sow and herd characteristics, but also an estimation of future farrowing performances. New sensors and automatons, such as automatic feeders and drinkers, have been developed on pig farms over the last decade, and have produced large amounts of data. This study evaluated machine-learning methods for predicting the daily nutrient requirements of gestating sows, based only on sensor data, according to various configurations of digital farms. The data of 73 gestating sows was recorded using sensors such as electronic feeders and drinker stations, connected weight scales, accelerometers, and cameras. Nine machine-learning algorithms were trained on various dataset scenarios according to different digital farm configurations (one or two sensors), to predict the daily metabolizable energy and standardized ileal digestible lysine requirements for each sow. The prediction results were compared to those predicted by the InraPorc model, a mechanistic model for the precision feeding of gestating sows. The scenario predictions were also evaluated with or without the housing conditions and sow characteristics at artificial insemination usually integrated into the InraPorc model. Adding housing and sow characteristics to sensor data improved the mean average percentage error by 5.58% for lysine and by 2.22% for energy. The higher correlation coefficient values for lysine (0.99) and for energy (0.95) were obtained for scenarios involving an automatic feeder system (daily duration and number of visits with or without consumption) only. The scenarios including an automatic feeder combined with another sensor gave good performance results. For the scenarios using sow and housing characteristics and automatic feeder only, the root mean square error was lower with gradient tree boosting (0.91 MJ/d for energy and 0.08 g/d for lysine) compared with those obtained using linear regression (2.75 MJ/d and 1.07 g/d). The results of this study show that the daily nutrient requirements of gestating sows can be predicted accurately using data provided by sensors and machine-learning methods. It paves the way for simpler solutions for precision feeding.
‘What Are You Going Through?’ Reflections on Lyndsey Stonebridge’s Placeless People: Writing, Rights, and Refugees—in memory of David Petrasek
Authors: Phillips Brian
Published: October 2023

This review (in memory of David Petrasek) considers Lyndsey Stonebridge’s Placeless People: Writing, Rights, and Refugees and explores the book’s key implications for human rights practitioners and their organizations. The review is one of three contributions to this Fifteenth Anniversary Issue’s Review Section from members of the JHRP Editorial Team and JHRP Editorial Board—highlighting a book of particular significance to human rights practitioners and educators published between 2008 and 2023.
Sustainability of White Oak (Quercus alba) Timber Supply in Kentucky
Authors: Dhungel Gaurav , Ochuodho Thomas O , Lhotka John M , Stringer Jeffrey W , Poudel Kamana
Published: October 2023

White oak is a major commercial tree species and an important timber resource in Kentucky. However, current forest inventory trends from the Central Hardwood Forest Region (CHFR) reveal a sustainability threat from declining white oak regeneration and recruitment leading to a disproportionate inventory structure. Using Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data together with the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS), we performed a base run analysis of projected inventory levels of white oak sawlogs to better understand whether the inventory level is sustainable to support the current harvest level of white oak in the future. The projections were further examined by tree grades to provide a general outlook on the quality of white oak timber growing in Kentucky’s forests in posterity. By doing so, we generated results that indicate that projected inventory levels of white oak sawlogs cannot be considered sustainable to support current harvest levels from 2058 onwards. In addition, the long-term trends in inventory levels of high-quality white oak sawlogs would be continuously declining whereas that of low-quality sawlogs would be steadily increasing. On the brink of these significant inventory shifts, our study calls for proactive forest management approaches to stabilize the white oak timber resource supply in Kentucky and beyond.
En bloc resection of pararectal ectopic thyroid tissue: a case report
Authors: Charbonneau Janyssa , Lefebvre Véronique , Bouchard Philippe
Published: October 2023

A pararectal mass’ specific diagnosis can be challenging as a broad range of both benign and malignant tumors are possible. Many of these lesions are congenital and do not require treatment, if asymptomatic. Special attention is to be paid when imaging findings are not typical. In such cases, definitive diagnostic can require surgical excision. To this day, ectopic thyroid tissue was not part of known differential diagnosis. This is the first reported case of thyroid adenoma found in the perirectal area. Ectopic thyroid gland can progress over time and include malignant transformation, although rare. It needs to be considered when managing these cases, especially in unusual locations. This case report offers a systematic approach to the atypical pararectal tumor. It shares new specific clinical experience in managing a case  of pararectal ectopic thyroid adenoma, from both a surgical and a histopathological point of view.
Intraoperative glanspexy during complex repair of Peyronie’s disease
Authors: Mossack Spencer , Greydanus Matthew , Yoon Jamie , Roadman Daniel , Levine Laurence
Published: October 2023

Background

Men undergoing surgical correction of Peyronie’s disease (PD) have had intraoperative identification of a glans tilt or floppy glans not recognized preoperatively.

Aim

To describe the outcomes of a novel modified glanspexy performed on a large cohort of men with PD who also underwent a partial plaque excision or incision and grafting, tunica albuginea plication, or inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) with straightening maneuvers.

Methods

A retrospective analysis (2016-2021) was performed on all patients who presented to a single surgeon with PD and were treated with a surgical procedure that included a glanspexy. Patients were tracked longitudinally, and interventions and outcomes were collected. All glanspexies were performed with the same surgical technique, where the glans was secured over the tips of the corpora cavernosa with several 4-0 Monocryl sutures between the glans and the tunica albuginea contralateral to the tilt through a subcoronal incision.

Outcomes

Our novel modified glanspexy technique resulted in excellent postoperative results with a high rate of durable repair.

Results

A total of 88 glanspexies were performed during surgery for PD with a median follow-up of 9 months (range, 1-77). All patients underwent a glanspexy plus partial plaque excision or incision and grafting (34.1%), tunica albuginea plication (10.2%), or an IPP with straightening maneuvers (55.7%). The most common direction of the glans tilt was dorsal (78.8%). Glanspexies were successful in 97.3% of patients, as only 2 (2.7%) had recurrent glans deformity >20° during the follow-up period. Our glanspexy technique repaired the glans deformity without compromising sensitivity or sexual function. Sensory complaints were noted in 1 patient (1.1%), who complained of hypoesthesia of the glans; however, there was no adverse effect on orgasm or ejaculation. A repeat glanspexy for recurrent glans deformity was performed on 1 patient (1.1%).

Clinical Implications

While most literature focuses on glanspexy after IPP placement, our article provides evidence for use of our glanspexy technique to repair glans hypermobility in patients with PD.

Strengths and Limitations

Our data are strengthened by the relatively large sample population and consistent outcomes regardless of straightening maneuver used. Conclusions regarding glanspexy and long-term satisfaction are limited by the lack of a validated questionnaire to illicit satisfaction during the postoperative period.

Conclusion

Glanspexy with 4-0 Monocryl suture on a TF needle appears to be a safe, easy, minimally invasive, and effective technique for the treatment of a glans tilt or floppy glans identified during the surgical management of PD.
Mansonella perstans infection in a Gabonese immigrant in Japan: an illustrative case of a clinical conundrum and management dilemma
Authors: Kawashima Akira , Nomoto Hidetoshi , Takagi Hidekazu , Hayakawa Kayoko , Komaki-Yasuda Kanako , Kano Shigeyuki , Ohmagari Norio
Published: October 2023

This report illustrates the complexities of diagnosis and treatment of Mansonella perstans infection in a Gabonese immigrant to Japan, underscoring the increasing need to consider such tropical infections due to increased global migration and highlighting the challenges of co-infection and drug resistance in management strategies.
Virus-induced overexpression of heterologous FLOWERING LOCUS T for efficient speed breeding in tomato
Authors: Deng Yingtian , Yarur-Thys Antonia , Baulcombe David C
Published: October 2023

Potato virus X (PVX) vectors expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) or tomato FT ortholog SINGLE-FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) shortened the generation time in tomato due to accelerated tomato flowering and ripening by 14–21 d, and caused a 2–3-fold increase in the number of flowers and fruits, compared with non-infected or empty vector-infected plants. The Arabidopsis FT was more effective than the tomato orthologue SFT and there was no alteration of the flower or fruit morphology. The virus was not transmitted to the next generation; therefore viral vectors with expression of a heterologous FT will be a useful approach to speed breeding in tomato and other species.