bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oído y oyentes en la Tragicomedia de Lisandro y Roselia (y demás continuaciones celestinescas)
Authors: Guerry François-Xavier
Published: December 2022

Este artículo se propone trazar los contornos del paisaje sonoro de las obras que forman el ciclo celestinesco, con un énfasis puesto en la Tragicomedia de Lisandro y Roselia de Sancho de Muñón (1542). El conjunto de las seis continuaciones de La Celestina de Fernando de Rojas (y el antiguo autor), en que el ruido y todas las referencias atinentes al oído revisten especial relevancia y son objeto de una amplificación con respecto al modelo, se presta particularmente a este tipo de análisis. A la par que satura el espacio diegético y nos hace penetrar en la intimidad precaria de los personajes, el ruido se convierte en un atributo esencial de algunos de ellos, y el resorte recurrente de unas escenas que suelen tener implicaciones eróticas. Relacionamos este paisaje sonoro así caracterizado, en que las notas acústicas son otros tantos rasgos descriptivos y didascalias implícitas, con las modalidades de recepción de estas continuaciones ruidosas y la ausencia de una representación escénica. Esta materia sonora celestinesca adquiriría todo su sentido y encontraría una verdadera caja de resonancia en unas obras leídas en voz alta, y no faltan los indicios textuales de una lectura dramatizada.
Martí Caloca, Ivette. «Todo se ha hecho a mi voluntad»: Melibea como eje central de «La Celestina» (reseña)
Authors: Winkler Bryan
Published: December 2022

Reseña de Martí Caloca, Ivette. «Todo se ha hecho a mi voluntad»: Melibea como eje central de «La Celestina». Iberoamericana Vervuert, 2019. https://doi.org/10.31819/9783964568441
La Tercera Celestina de Gaspar Gómez: Identidad del continuador de la obra de Feliciano de Silva y licencia literaria para un final pactado
Authors: Cáseda Teresa Jesús Fernando
Published: December 2022

Esta investigación identifica a Gaspar Gómez de Toledo, el autor de la obra. Se trata de un comerciante toledano, tratante ocasional de esclavos y administrador de Feliciano de Silva. Propongo la hipótesis de que se compuso de común acuerdo con este último con un objetivo: cerrarla e impedir su continuación. Para ello se hacía necesario acabar con todos los personajes y dar un final feliz a los amores de Felides (Feliciano de Silva) y Polandria (Gracia Fe, su esposa) con su boda. Un enlace que, en la vida real, resultó muy cuestionado por los orígenes judíos de aquella y por la gran diferencia de edad de ambos. Se recupera en todo caso el decoro estamental perdido durante la historia: los rufianes tienen un final trágico y los señores alcanzan sus «lícitos» propósitos.
Sobre las zorras Celestina y Lozana: el simbolismo animal en la configuración del personaje de la puta alcahueta
Authors: López-Rodríguez Irene
Published: December 2022

La influencia indiscutible de La Celestina en La Lozana andaluza no se limita a su estructura, contenido y función (Botta 2002; Checa 2005; Imperiale 1991; Márquez Villanueva 2006), sino que abarca también el simbolismo animal empleado en la configuración del personaje de la puta alcahueta (Shipley 2020; López-Rodríguez 2018; Miaja de la Peña 2017; Snow 2021). Celestina y Lozana son melosas y laboriosas como las abejas, putas y maternales como las gallinas, locuaces y libres como las aves, tentadoras y pecaminosas cuales sierpes, libidinosas y obstinadas como las asnas e incluso mansas e indefensas como las ovejas. En efecto, existe una suerte de bestiario en la creación de las figuras de las proxenetas, cuyo físico y personalidad, vivienda, oficios, creencias y función social están marcados con rasgos animales. Aparte de recalcar el mundo instintivo animal del sexo con el que se ganan la vida estas dos rameras, la iconografía bestial sirve para esbozar la naturaleza polifacética de Celestina y Lozana. A fin de cuentas, su supervivencia, cual animal, depende de su adaptación al medio, porque, en palabras del personaje de Francisco Delicado, «¿Qué me tengo que mantener […] como camaleón?» (179).
CORRELATION AND REGRESSION RELATIONSHIPS OF PARAMETERS OF RAINWATER DRAINAGE FROM ROADS
Authors: Galamić Anadel , Bašić Zahid , Suljić Nedim
Published: December 2022

In order to find the optimal solution for the drainage of rainwater from roads in urban areas, as well as for the evaluation and ranking of conceptual solutions, appropriate mathematical models and software packages were used in this research. For relevant rain episodes, i.e. rainfall of appropriate duration and intensity, runoff coefficients and flows were taken into account and analyzed according to the rational method, all for the purpose of obtaining data on the amount of rainwater entering the sewage system. Through this research, very good correlations and regressions were established between the cross slope of the road and the parameters of rainwater drainage from the road, as well as the correlation and regression relationships of the cross slope of the road and the efficiency of the drain. Likewise, the dependences of the drainage parameters, the efficiency of the drains and the cross slope of the road were determined, expressed through mathematical functions.
STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION FOR RESPONDING TO PRIMARY, SECONDARY AND RESIDUAL RISKS CONSIDERING COST AND TIME DIMENSIONS IN PETROCHEMICAL PROJECTS
Authors: Asl Tabatabay Maryam , Asl Tabababay Saeedeh
Published: December 2022

Risk management throughout the project life cycle, from the initial phase beginning to the final phase, ended continuously and dynamically, is one of the basic requirements for the success of any project-oriented organization. To effectively identify and manage risks at all stages of the project, careful selection must be made at all levels of the organization. In some cases, implementing the response may eliminate the risk but reciprocally create additional risks for the project. Most of the available risk selection methods mainly focus on eliminating the primary risks without understanding the secondary and residual risks that may arise during the project implementation. The occurrence of secondary risk can be a direct result of performing an activity that responds to a primary risk. This study proposes an optimization model to select risk response measures for primary and secondary risks. The difference between our proposed method and Zhao method (2018) will be that the proposed one does not lead to selecting a predetermined strategy. This method examines the two dimensions of time and costs in response to primary and secondary risks. In addition, the genetic metaheuristic algorithm has been used to solve the problem in the dimensions mentioned above.
Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type on the Dorsal Foot in a Senior Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Kelly Joel , Mirkin Gene , Yim Joon , Hao Xingpei
Published: December 2022

Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT) is a rare variant of the cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, with rapid growth and poor prognosis. Here, we report a case of PCDLBCL-LT on the foot in a senior woman. An 81-year-old woman presented with a rapidly growing mass on her left foot, and discoloration in both lower legs over the past 2 months was analyzed. Physical examination revealed hyperpigmented macules and papules on both lower extremities and a 3.0 × 2.0 × 0.5-cm, gray-dark nodule on the dorsal surface of the left foot. Histologic observation of the punch biopsy specimen revealed a sheet of atypical large centroblast/immunoblast-like lymphocytes; diffusely and evenly distributed in the dermis; with the immunophenotypes of CD45-positive, CD20-positive, Melan A-negative, Sox10-negative, S-100–negative, and CK20-negative; and a very high Ki-67 proliferative index (>90%). Further punch biopsy specimens of papules in the patient’s lower extremities and bone marrow did not reveal atypical lymphoid tissues. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography did not show any metastatic lesions in distant organs and lymph nodes. The lesion was diagnosed as PCDLBCL-LT stage T1N0M0. The patient was treated with four cycles of combined therapy of rituximab and cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine (Oncovin), and prednisolone and the tumor was further treated with local radiotherapy. The tumor size was significantly shrunken. Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type is a rare entity on the foot, characterized by a confluent sheet of diffuse large centroblast- and or immunoblast-like B cells with B-cell immunophenotyping. The combined therapy of rituximab and cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine (Oncovin), and prednisolone is the first-line treatment regimen, with increased survival.
The missing link between genetic association and regulatory function
Authors: Connally Noah J , Nazeen Sumaiya , Lee Daniel , Shi Huwenbo , Stamatoyannopoulos John , Chun Sung , Cotsapas Chris , Cassa Christopher A , Sunyaev Shamil R
Published: December 2022

The genetic basis of most traits is highly polygenic and dominated by non-coding alleles. It is widely assumed that such alleles exert small regulatory effects on the expression of cis-linked genes. However, despite the availability of gene expression and epigenomic datasets, few variant-to-gene links have emerged. It is unclear whether these sparse results are due to limitations in available data and methods, or to deficiencies in the underlying assumed model. To better distinguish between these possibilities, we identified 220 gene–trait pairs in which protein-coding variants influence a complex trait or its Mendelian cognate. Despite the presence of expression quantitative trait loci near most GWAS associations, by applying a gene-based approach we found limited evidence that the baseline expression of trait-related genes explains GWAS associations, whether using colocalization methods (8% of genes implicated), transcription-wide association (2% of genes implicated), or a combination of regulatory annotations and distance (4% of genes implicated). These results contradict the hypothesis that most complex trait-associated variants coincide with homeostatic expression QTLs, suggesting that better models are needed. The field must confront this deficit and pursue this ‘missing regulation.’
Gigapixel imaging with a novel multi-camera array microscope
Authors: Thomson Eric E , Harfouche Mark , Kim Kanghyun , Konda Pavan C , Seitz Catherine W , Cooke Colin , Xu Shiqi , Jacobs Whitney S , Blazing Robin , Chen Yang , Sharma Sunanda , Dunn Timothy W , Park Jaehee , Horstmeyer Roarke W , Naumann Eva A
Published: December 2022

The dynamics of living organisms are organized across many spatial scales. However, current cost-effective imaging systems can measure only a subset of these scales at once. We have created a scalable multi-camera array microscope (MCAM) that enables comprehensive high-resolution recording from multiple spatial scales simultaneously, ranging from structures that approach the cellular scale to large-group behavioral dynamics. By collecting data from up to 96 cameras, we computationally generate gigapixel-scale images and movies with a field of view over hundreds of square centimeters at an optical resolution of 18 µm. This allows us to observe the behavior and fine anatomical features of numerous freely moving model organisms on multiple spatial scales, including larval zebrafish, fruit flies, nematodes, carpenter ants, and slime mold. Further, the MCAM architecture allows stereoscopic tracking of the z-position of organisms using the overlapping field of view from adjacent cameras. Overall, by removing the bottlenecks imposed by single-camera image acquisition systems, the MCAM provides a powerful platform for investigating detailed biological features and behavioral processes of small model organisms across a wide range of spatial scales.
A coordinated transcriptional switching network mediates antigenic variation of human malaria parasites
Authors: Zhang Xu , Florini Francesca , Visone Joseph E , Lionardi Irina , Gross Mackensie R , Patel Valay , Deitsch Kirk W
Published: December 2022

Malaria parasites avoid immune clearance through their ability to systematically alter antigens exposed on the surface of infected red blood cells. This is accomplished by tightly regulated transcriptional control of individual members of a large, multicopy gene family called var and is the key to both the virulence and chronic nature of malaria infections. Expression of var genes is mutually exclusive and controlled epigenetically, however how large populations of parasites coordinate var gene switching to avoid premature exposure of the antigenic repertoire is unknown. Here, we provide evidence for a transcriptional network anchored by a universally conserved gene called var2csa that coordinates the switching process. We describe a structured switching bias that shifts overtime and could shape the pattern of var expression over the course of a lengthy infection. Our results provide an explanation for a previously mysterious aspect of malaria infections and shed light on how parasites possessing a relatively small repertoire of variant antigen-encoding genes can coordinate switching events to limit antigen exposure, thereby maintaining chronic infections.
A computer vision-based system for recognition and classification of Urdu sign language dataset
Authors: Zahid Hira , Rashid Munaf , Syed Sidra Abid , Ullah Rafi , Asif Muhammad , Khan Muzammil , Abdul Mujeeb Amenah , Haider Khan Ali
Published: December 2022

Human beings rely heavily on social communication as one of the major aspects of communication. Language is the most effective means of verbal and nonverbal communication and association. To bridge the communication gap between deaf people communities, and non-deaf people, sign language is widely used. According to the World Federation of the Deaf, there are about 70 million deaf people present around the globe and about 300 sign languages being used. Hence, the structural form of the hand gestures involving visual motions and signs is used as a communication system to help the deaf and speech-impaired community for daily interaction. The aim is to collect a dataset of Urdu sign language (USL) and test it through a machine learning classifier. The overview of the proposed system is divided into four main stagesi.e., data collection, data acquisition, training model ad testing model. The USL dataset which is comprised of 1,560 images was created by photographing various hand positions using a camera. This work provides a strategy for automated identification of USL numbers based on a bag-of-words (BoW) paradigm. For classification purposes, support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest, and K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) are used with the BoW histogram bin frequencies as characteristics. The proposed technique outperforms others in number classification, attaining the accuracies of 88%, 90%, and 84% for the random forest, SVM, and K-NN respectively.
The rhythm of chemotherapy and cancer patients’ time perspectives
Authors: Moskalewicz Marcin , Kordel Piotr , Sterna Anna
Published: December 2022

Background

While it is well known that illnesses such as cancer modify the experience of time, the impact of the rhythm and length of treatment on patients’ time perspectives remains unknown.

Methods

A short version of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Transcendental Future Perspective Questionnaire as well as a demographic questionnaire on a convenience sample of 259 patients (66.8% female, mean age 52.36) with various cancers and undergoing chemotherapy with different frequencies (1, 2, 3 weeks) and mean time in treatment 23.4 months.

Results

The temporal perspectives mean scores of cancer patients are: positive past 3.69, negative past 3.13, present hedonism 3.08, future 3.77, transcendental future 3.40. Patients tend only slightly to lose faith alongside the course of oncological treatment regardless of their age (ρ =  − 0.210, p < 0.01). The frequency of chemotherapy mildly differentiates temporal perspectives of patients regarding present hedonism and transcendental future: a weekly treatment is more disturbing than the triweekly one and no treatment in terms of hedonism, while patients not in chemo score significantly higher in transcendental future than patients in biweekly and triweekly chemo.

Conclusions

The variations of treatment rhythm are less significant than predicted, although still relevant. Since most sociodemographic variables are of no relevance, cancer experience likely unifies temporal perspectives among people of different backgrounds.
Nuevos alcances para una poética de Soledad Fariña y sus proyecciones en Yllu
Authors:   Universidad de Chile (Chile), Bello Javier
Published: December 2022

Este artículo intenta –en parte como continuidad de un trabajo anterior (Bello 2009)– aportar a la formu-lación de una poética de Soledad Fariña, centrando esta vez su atención en el poema-novela o novela-poema Yllu (Fariña 2015), obra que pone en primer plano la cuestión de los géneros literarios por medio de la complejidad tanto narrativa como lírica de las principales voces/figuras/personajes del texto, que enmascaran y revelan la presencia de la sujeto en tanto escritora, como manifestación encarnada de una poética que insiste y profundiza en las claves mayores de la obra de la gran poeta chilena.
Poéticas descolonizadoras del género. Políticas de la memoria comunitaria en la poesía de Roxana Miranda Rupailaf
Authors:   Universidad Andrés Bello (Chile), Moraga-García Fernanda
Published: December 2022

En este artículo me interesa explorar dos poemarios de Roxana Miranda Rupailaf: Las tentaciones de Evay Pu llimeñ ñi rulpázuamelkaken. Seducción de los venenos. La lectura se focaliza en tres problemáticas con las que dialoga su poesía y, además, en un cuarto aspecto que actúa como metáfora vincular de las tres temáticas anteriores. La primera de ellas reorienta la historia e interviene uno de los relatos fundamentales del dominio patriarcal y la desigualdad de género: el mito bíblico de la serpiente del Edén. La segunda, resignifica el relato de origen mapuche de Tren Tren y Kai Kai, infiltrando otras formas de comprender y establecer la dualidad en el presente. La tercera, produce comunidad, es decir, su poética retorna al tejido social dañado o invadido por los relatos hegemónicos, reactualizando las posibilidades de identificación comunitaria mapuche. Por último, el cuarto aspecto corresponde al lugar metafórico que ocupa el ojo, que más que conformarse como un atributo de lo visual en los poemas, se articula a la posibilidad de liberar algunas clandestinidades de la mirada.
Para un “pueblo que falta”: presentación de Nicomedes Guzmán a partir del vitalismo de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari
Authors:   Universidad de Playa Ancha (Chile), Landaeta Mardones Patricio
Published: December 2022

Se analiza el aporte al realismo efectuado por Nicomedes Guzmán desde la perspectiva vitalista de la filosofía de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari. Las categorías de “literatura menor” y “pueblo que falta”, serán utilizadas para analizar los lineamientos estéticos del nuevo realismo que pone en escena el escritor que encabeza la generación del 38. El énfasis recaerá en presentar la dimensión crítica y clínica de Los hombres obscuros (1939) y de La sangre y la esperanza (1943), que, junto con desmontar el canon del realismo tradicional, busca hacer hablar un pueblo silenciado en los márgenes de la ciudad.
Effect of Rock Phosphate, Single Super Phosphate and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria on Phosphorus Concentration and Dry Matter Yield of Paddy
Authors: Babulu Ningthoujam , Devi N. Surbala , Singh Athokpam Herojit , Devi K. Nandini , Singh N. Gopimohan , Lalmalsawma Ralte
Published: December 2022

The majority of tropical and subtropical soils are acidic which are mostly deficient in phosphorus and have strong phosphorus sorption capacity. Exploring different phosphorus inputs is essential not only to increase crop production but also to improve soil phosphorus status to avoid further soil degradation. Acidic nature of the soils of these regions help to solubilize the rock phosphate and increases the amount of phosphorus that is made available to the plants. A pot experiment was conducted in Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal (Manipur) during kharif season of 2021 to study the effect of rock phosphate, single super phosphate and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on phosphorus concentration and dry matter yield of paddy. To each experimental pot, recommended dose of 60 kg of N ha-1 in the form of urea and 30 kg K2O ha-1 in the form of muriate of potash were applied as basal and thoroughly mixed with the soil. Rock phosphate and single super phosphate were administered to the pots as phosphorus sources according to different sets of treatment based on the recommended amount of 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 for paddy. Seeds were treated with Bacillus megatherium. Result revealed that the changes in soil phosphorus concentration and dry matter yield of paddy were significantly affected by rock phosphate applied either singly or in combination with single super phosphate and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. All the parameters showed different trend of changes during the whole crop growth stages till harvest. Among the treatments higher values were recorded in soil treated with T10 (50% recommended dose of P2O5 from single super phosphate + 50% recommended dose of P2O5 from rock phosphate + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria). Addition of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria enhances release of less soluble and fixed forms into easily available form as well as reduces phosphorus fixation. Efficiency of rock phosphate as phosphorus source for crop production is improved by the solubility effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria.
Adiposity, Body Fat Distribution, and Risk of Major Stroke Types Among Adults in the United Kingdom
Authors: Pillay Preyanka , Lewington Sarah , Taylor Hannah , Lacey Ben , Carter Jennifer
Published: December 2022

Importance

Uncertainty persists regarding the independent association of general and central adiposity with major stroke types.

Objective

To determine the independent associations of general and central adiposity with risk of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Between 2006 and 2010, adults without prior stroke at recruitment in England, Scotland, and Wales were recruited into the UK Biobank prospective cohort study and were followed up through linkage with electronic medical records. Data were analyzed from September 2021 to September 2022.

Exposures

General adiposity (body mass index [BMI] calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and central adiposity (waist circumference).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incident ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage as recorded through record linkage with electronic hospital records. Cox regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) by stroke type.

Results

Among 490 071 participants, the mean (SD) age was 56.5 (8.1) years, 267 579 (54.6%) were female, and 461 647 (94.2%) were White. During a median (IQR) of 12 (11.2-12.7) years follow-up, 7117 incident ischemic strokes, 1391 intracerebral hemorrhages, and 834 subarachnoid hemorrhages were identified. After mutual adjustment for waist circumference, BMI had no independent association with ischemic stroke (HR per 5-unit higher BMI, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97-1.11), but was inversely associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.96) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.96). Waist circumference (adjusted for BMI) was positively associated with ischemic stroke (HR per 10-cm higher waist circumference, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.13-1.25) and intracerebral hemorrhage (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05-1.30), but was not associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.93-1.22).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this large-scale prospective study, the independent and contrasting associations of BMI and waist circumference with stroke types suggests the importance of considering body fat distribution to stroke risk. Waist circumference was positively associated with the risk of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, while BMI was inversely associated with the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. This study also suggests that some adverse correlate of low BMI may be associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, which warrants further investigation.
Mass Violence and the Complex Spectrum of Mental Illness and Mental Functioning
Authors: Knoll James , Dietz Park
Published: December 2022

Importance

Psychiatry has struggled to clarify the types of mental turmoil that are associated with mass violence. While the problem is complex, it may present an opportunity to improve research, as well as inform public dialogue about what types of mental illness are actually associated with such mass tragedies.

Observations

Assuring the diagnostic accuracy of those who commit mass violence is challenging due to the retrospective nature of the analysis and lack of reliable psychiatric data. Psychiatric research has begun to use a dimensional approach that may be well suited to the study of mental illness in perpetrators of mass violence. This approach aggregates psychiatric symptoms into 3 domains of psychopathology: (1) internalizing, (2) externalizing, and (3) psychotic experience. This approach has practical clinical use and research support. A dimensional approach may help clear up misconceptions about the rate of psychosis in mass violence perpetrators, as well as reveal the most common dimensions of mental functioning associated with perpetrators.

Conclusions and Relevance

Improved research methods are needed to clarify and prevent mass violence. More precisely identifying the symptoms and mental turmoil of perpetrators may be associated with improved early identification and prevention. Because adolescence is a critical and formative period in which internalizing and externalizing problems arise, early interventions may have the best chance of reducing future mass violence.
Diagnostic Hematology
Authors: Cheng Xiaodong
Published: December 2022

This article reviews the concepts and basic physiology of hematological system which include hematopoiesis, functions of each type of blood cells and hemostasis. Pathophysiology and common diseases of hematological system are also reviewed with an emphasis on diagnostic approaches of the most common hematological diseases.
Miniaturized Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy – The Ultimate Analytical Tool in Food and Agriculture
Authors: Grabska Justyna , Beć Krzysztof B. , Huck Christian W.
Published: December 2022

Near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is widely used in qualitative and quantitative analysis in various fields of applications. Compared to conventional methods of analytical chemistry, NIR spectroscopy offers many practical advantages in terms of speed, efficiency, minimal (or no) requirements for sample preparation, and the applicability to many types of samples. In the past decade, the technology of portable NIR spectrometers has rapidly advanced, which enabled new applications of this technique in science and industry where the capacity to perform spectral analysis directly on site is the key advantage. Miniaturization introduced NIR spectroscopy to practical use in analytical scenarios that were unattainable for standard laboratory equipment. The advantages of miniaturized NIR spectroscopy are particularly evident in several areas where fast and nondestructive on‐site analysis is essential – e.g. natural products and resources, and agri‐food items in particular. The sample types commonly focused in these applications are characterized by chemical complexity and diversity depending on the geographic origin, conditions of cultivation and/or storage, or harvest time. Miniaturization necessitated different engineering solutions that introduced wide diversity in the elements used for construction of portable spectrometers. Consequently, the applicability of these instruments and their performance in a given application attract keen attention. Intensive studies are devoted to method development and evaluation of miniaturized NIR sensors in a variety of analytical problems. This article discusses the essential topics related to fundamentals and applications of miniaturized NIR spectrometers, with an emphasis on practical applications in food and agriculture sectors. However, an overview of the design principles of portable NIR instruments and their relationships with analytical figures of merit are provided as well in an attempt to draw a comprehensive picture of the state‐of‐the‐art and future potential of this increasingly influential analytical technique.
Dethiobacteria class. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: December 2022

De.thi'o.bac.ter.i.a. N.L. masc. n.
Dethiobacter
, type genus of the type order of the class
Dethiobacterales
; N.L. neut. pl. n. suff.
‐ia
, ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Dethiobacteria
, class of the order
Dethiobacterales
.

Firmicutes D / Dethiobacteria class. nov.

The class
Dethiobacteria
forms a deep‐branching phylogenetic lineage in the phylum “
Firmicutes D
” (according to the GDTB classification) and includes obligately anaerobic haloalkaliphilic bacteria with respiratory metabolism from soda lakes. It consists of a single order
Dethiobacterales
, family
Dethiobacteraceae
, and genus
Dethiobacter
.
Piscibacillus
Authors: Tanasupawat Somboon , Namwong Sirilak
Published: December 2022

Pis.ci. ba.cil'lus. L. gen. masc. n.
piscis
, fish; L. masc. n.
bacillus
, small rod; N. L. masc. n.
Piscibacillus
, a rod from fish.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Piscibacillus

Piscibacillus
is a genus in the family
Bacillaceae
. It currently comprises two species –
Piscibacillus salipiscarius
and
Piscibacillus halophilus
. Members of the genus are distributed in fermented fish and a hypersaline lake. This genus encompasses moderately halophilic bacteria that grows in 1–30% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10–20% (w/v) NaCl), but no growth occurs in the absence of NaCl. Growth is observed at 15–55°C (optimum 35–37°C) and at pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5). Cells are rod shaped, Gram‐stain‐positive, and motile by peritrichous flagella. Oval terminal endospores are formed in swollen sporangia. Colonies are circular, entire, smooth, and cream in color. Facultatively anaerobic. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite. The diagnostic diamino acid in peptidoglycan is
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone is MK‐7. The major fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
and anteiso‐C
15::0
. Phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol are predominant polar lipids. The type species of the genus is
Piscibacillus salipiscarius
, originally isolated from fermented fish (
pla‐ra
).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.7–37.5 (HPLC) and 36.7–37.1 (
in silico
genomic).

Type species
:
Piscibacillus salipiscarius
Tanasupawat et al. 2007
VP
.
Natronospira
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: December 2022

Na.tro.no.spi'ra. N.L. neut. n.
natron
(arbitrarily derived from the Arabic n.
natrun
or
natron
), soda; L. fem. n.
spira
, coil; N.L. fem. n.
Natronospira
, a soda‐loving coil‐shaped bacterium.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Natronospirales / Natronospiracea / Natronospira

The genus
Natronospira
was originally classified as a member of the family
Ectothiorhodospiraceae
, order
Chromatiales
, and class
Gammaproteobacteria
, according to the 16S rRNA‐based gene sequence comparison, while according to the phylogenomic analysis it forms a separate order‐level branch within the
Gammaproteobacteria
unrelated to the
Chromatiales
members. It is an aerobic heterotroph that preferably utilizes proteins and peptides for growth.
Natronospira
is an extremely salt‐tolerant, chloride‐independent obligate alkaliphile. It inhabits oxic brines of hypersaline soda lakes, particularly in southwestern Siberia. The genus currently includes a single (type) species:
N. proteinivora
.

DNA G
 + 
C content (%)
: 59.8 (genome).

Type species
:
Natronospira proteinivora
Sorokin et al. 2017
VP
.
Halomicrococcus
Authors: Chen Shaoxing , Ke Juntao
Published: December 2022

Ha.lo.mi.cro.coc'cus. Gr. masc. n.
hals
,
halos,
salt; Gr. masc. adj.
mikros,
small; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
, (from Gr. masc. n.
kokkos,
grain, seed) coccus; N.L. masc. n.
Halomicrococcus,
halophilic small coccus.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae / Halomicrococcus

The genus
Halomicrococcus
accommodates halophilic, neutrophilic, and chemoheterotrophic archaea that can use acetate as their sole carbon and energy source. Cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, facultatively anaerobic, and nonmotile.
Halomicrococcus
species are capable of feeding on
d
‐glucose, starch,
d
‐mannose,
l
‐sorbose, maltose, and lactose. They are also capable of thriving on glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, and some amino acids including
l
‐arginine,
l
‐glutamate,
l
‐ornithine, and some other multicarbon compounds, but citrate is not utilized. They are able to reduce nitrate to nitrite under anaerobic conditions. Mg
2+
is essential for growth. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, and sulfated mannosyl‐glucosyl‐glycerol diether‐1. The sole isolate characterized was obtained from a salt mine.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
62.9 (
Genome
).

Type species
:
Halomicrococcus hydrotolerans
Chen et al. 2020
VP
.
Piraeus
Authors: Lovén Bjørn , Davis Dan
Published: December 2022

The Piraeus served as Athens’ naval and commercial port.
Proletarii
Authors: Kendall Seth L.
Published: December 2022

Proletarii
were Romans who were too poor to be liable for taxation or conscription into the army for infantry service. Their name comes from the fact that the only thing they contributed to the state were proles, or offspring. Despite not being eligible to serve in the infantry, the
proletarii
apparently did some military service, even before the reforms of Marius.
Balsam
Authors: Hartmann Andreas
Published: December 2022

An aromatic resin, probably from the
Commiphora opobalsamum/gileadensis
, enjoyed fame as a perfume and potent drug throughout antiquity. The plant was cultivated only in the Jordan valley and its products were extremely expensive.
Dead Sea Scrolls
Authors: Babkina Svetlana V.
Published: December 2022

Manuscripts discovered by archaeologists and Bedouins in different places in the Judean Desert, written during the period from the fourth century
bce
to the Middle Ages, cast light on the history of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Alabanda
Authors: Blümel Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

Alabanda was an ancient city in Caria, Asia Minor. Historically, Alabanda was of minor importance and shared the checkered history of the region under different rulers.
Smyrna
Authors: Hernández Juan Pablo Sánchez
Published: December 2022

Smyrna (modern Izmir) is a Greek city located on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. It was allegedly founded by Aiolians in the eleventh centurybce, but Ionians occupied the city in the seventh centurybceand the Lydians destroyed it in the sixth centurybce. Legend says that the city was refounded by Alexander the Great and, during the Roman period, Smyrna became a great metropolis, frequently visited by Roman governors and emperors, as well as by sophists and scientists of international prestige. In the midst of this multicultural atmosphere, Christianity gained ground as early as the first centuryce.
Hispalis (Seville)
Authors: Hernández Juan Pablo Sánchez
Published: December 2022

Hispalis was a Roman colony founded on an indigenous settlement by Julius Caesar in 45
bce
, after his military campaigns in Spain. The importance of Hispalis in Roman times – attested by both literary sources and inscriptions – was based on its favorable location on the River Betis, at a point where it opened to an estuary (today a marsh). With new settlers established under emperors Augustus and Otho, the city developed into a regional commercial hub, thus fulfilling an important role in transporting agrarian and mineral products from Spain to Rome.
Pottery, Roman Empire
Authors: Poblome Jeroen , Malfitana Daniele , Lund John
Published: December 2022

It is hard to conceive of a household in the Roman Empire that could make do without pottery – for the storing of foodstuffs, the cooking and serving of meals, the drinking of beverages, and so on. Artifacts of glass, metal, and, occasionally, other materials were used for similar purposes, and some of them were more prestigious than their ceramic counterparts, but the consumer's choice was guided by more than one factor, and these included the price.
An Epoxy‐Free Sample Preparation Approach to Enable Imaging of Ionomer and Carbon in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Soleymani Amir Peyman , Reid Marcia , Jankovic Jasna
Published: December 2022

Performance and durability of electrodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), as one of the most promising zero‐emission power generation technologies, depend on the composition, microstructure, and distribution of its components—metal catalyst, carbon support, and ionomer. Their improvement requires an in‐depth understanding of the electrodes’ structure‐property‐performance relationship, for which transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been an invaluable tool. However, the conventional TEM sample preparation, namely epoxy‐embedding ultramicrotomy, poses impediments in imaging ionomer and distinguishing it from carbon. Therefore, in this research, an epoxy‐free ultramicrotome technique is implemented on beginning‐of‐life (BOL) and end‐of‐life (EOL) PEMFC samples. For the first time, TEM and electron tomography‐TEM images reveals fascinating details of the ionomer network, carbon particles’ structure, and Pt distribution in BOL, as well as their structural changes after the cell degradation. Finally, the structural descriptors, extracted by a proprietary quantification method, are correlated with visual observations.
Systematic Modification of MoO3‐Based Cathode by the Intercalation Engineering for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Zhitang , Liu Cong , Li Xiaoge , Peng Luming , Ding Weiping , Guo Xuefeng , Hou Wenhua
Published: December 2022

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries are attracting extensive attention, but their large‐scale application is prevented by the poor electrochemical kinetics and terrible lifespan. Herein, a strategy of introducing the conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) into the interlayers of α‐MoO3is reported to systematically overcome the above shortcomings. Through data analyses of the cyclic coltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, the electrochemical kinetics of the PEDOT‐intercalated MoO3(PEDOT‐MoO3) is proved to be significantly improved. The first‐principles calculations microscopically disclose that the changed energy band and the lowered binding energy between Zn2+and host O2−boost electrochemical kinetics of PEDOT‐MoO3. Meanwhile, its decreased hydrophilicity and the suppressed dissolution of molybdenum stabilizes the repeated cycling processes. Interestingly, it is found that excellent electrochemical kinetics of cathode electrode can restrain the growth of zinc dendrite on the Zn anode, prolonging the lifespan of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. As a result, the PEDOT‐MoO3exhibits the enhanced specific capacity (341.5 vs 146.7 mAh g−1at 0.1 A g−1), high rate capacity (178.2 vs 19.4 mAh g−1at 30 A g−1) and prolonged cycling stability (77.6% capacity retention over 500 cycles vs 2.3% capacity retention over 100 cycles at 30 A g−1) compared with pristine MoO3. Moreover, the PEDOT‐MoO3as cathode of quasi‐solid‐state ZIBs also delivers an impressive electrochemical performance.
Microfluidic Construction of Responsive Photonic Microcapsules of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal for Colorimetric Temperature Microsensors
Authors: Pan Yangsong , Xie Shuting , Wang Haoyu , Huang Linwei , Shen Shitao , Deng Yueming , Ma Qilin , Liu Zhenping , Zhang Minmin , Jin Mingliang , Shui Lingling
Published: December 2022

As alternatives to electronic devices, optically active structures from responsive nanomaterials offer great opportunity for building up smart functional sensors. This work reports on the construction and application of photonic microcapsules (PMCs) for colorimetric temperature microsensors, enabling miniaturization for injectable local micro‐area sensing and integration for large‐area sensing. Monodispersed PMCs are produced by in situ photopolymerization of hydrogel shells of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC)‐in‐water‐in‐oil double emulsion droplets prepared using microfluidic devices, with controllable physical structures and chemical compositions. Constructed PMCs exhibit thermal responsive structural color according to the selective Bragg reflection of CLC's periodical helical structures within the microdroplet's spherical confinement. CLC mixtures with phase transition temperature of 56.0 and 37.8 °C have been prepared and employed to construct PMCs exhibiting obviously visible and quantifiable optical response in 52–56 and 33–38 °C, respectively. The PMCs have been successfully applied for monitoring the living cell extracellular temperature via co‐incubation with cell suspension, and for sensing human forehead temperature via a flexible device from assembled PMCs. These PMCs can be flexibly applied in either micro‐environment or large‐area surface, enabling wide applications for a precision temperature monitoring of biological activities (e.g., cells or organs), optoelectronic devices working conditions (e.g., temperature indicators under extreme conditions), etc.
Single‐Shot Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Full‐Length H2 Relaxin Disulfide Surrogates
Authors: Zhao Rui , Shi Pan , Cui Ji‐bin , Shi Chaowei , Wei Xiao‐Xiong , Luo Jie , Xia Zhemin , Shi Wei‐Wei , Zhou Yingxin , Tang Jiahui , Tian Changlin , Meininghaus Mark , Bierer Donald , Shi Jing , Li Yi‐Ming , Liu Lei
Published: December 2022

Chemical synthesis of insulin superfamily proteins (ISPs) has recently been widely studied to develop next‐generation drugs. Separate synthesis of multiple peptide fragments and tedious chain‐to‐chain folding are usually encountered in these studies, limiting accessibility to ISP derivatives. Here we report the finding that insulin superfamily proteins (e.g. H2 relaxin, insulin itself, and H3 relaxin) incorporating a pre‐made diaminodiacid bridge at A‐B chain terminal disulfide can be easily and rapidly synthesized by a single‐shot automated solid‐phase synthesis and expedient one‐step folding. Our new H2 relaxin analogues exhibit almost identical structures and activities when compared to their natural counterparts. This new synthetic strategy will expediate production of new ISP analogues for pharmaceutical studies.
Nanoscale metallic‐organic frameworks as an advanced tool for medical applications: Challenges and recent progress
Authors: Pourmadadi Mehrab , Ostovar Shima , Eshaghi Mohammad Mahdi , Rajabzadeh‐Khosroshahi Maryam , Safakhah Sara , Ghotekar Suresh , Rahdar Abbas , Díez‐Pascual Ana M.
Published: December 2022

Recently, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have received a lot of interest for application in many fields ranging from catalysis, energy storage, and gas sensing to chemosensory and biomedicine owed to their flexible composition, tunable porosity, and easy functionalization ability. In particular, nanoscale MOFs have been broadly investigated as carriers for the delivery of therapeutics to cancerous organs owed to their high encapsulating capacity and controlled cargo release, versatility, biodegradability, and good biocompatibility. Several methods such as solvothermal, mechanochemical, electrochemical, microwave, and ultrasound have been utilized to fabricate MOFs via custom‐made synthesis. Many efforts have been made to functionalize MOFs through “post‐synthetic modification,” by adjusting the nature, size, and charge of the linkers or tuning its main components. Herein, a comprehensive literature review on recent papers dealing with drug‐loaded MOFs for the detection and treatment of cancer as well as bacterial, fungal, and viral infections is presented. Different types of MOFs applied as carriers in drug delivery systems and biosensing platforms are described. Furthermore, perspectives and challenges for future research in the field, particularly for cancer therapy, are discussed. Thus, very limited literature is available on in vitro and in vivo toxicity of nanoscale MOFs. Besides, their biological stability and long‐term safety are crucial factors that should be further investigated. Based on the reviewed papers, zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) and Materials of Institute Lavoisier (MIL) families have been the main focus for drug delivery and diagnosis applications, respectively, while many types of MOFs have exhibited antibacterial and antifungal properties regardless of their cargo.
A dual‐stimuli responsive supramolecular nanovector anchoring folic acid ligands for targeted delivery of anti‐colorectal drug hydroxycamptothecin
Authors: Li Bi‐Lian , Teng Jin‐Kui , Chen Shuai , Yang Jian‐Mei , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Zhang Jin , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2022

Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is a first‐line anti‐colorectal cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Nevertheless, the poor tumor‐specific delivery properties of HCPT make it indiscriminate in killing normal and cancer cells, as well as impossible to achieve sustained treatment due to its low cumulative concentration in cancer cells. Here, a pH and temperature co‐responsive supramolecular nanocarrier anchoring with folic acid (FA) ligands, termed PEHA‐β‐CD‐FA/SDS NPs, was prepared based on electrostatic interaction between cationic mono‐(6‐pentaethylenehexamine)‐β‐CD (PEHA‐β‐CD‐FA) and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). PEHA‐β‐CD‐FA/SDS NPs exhibited assembly/disassembly behavior accompanied by co‐regulation of temperature and pH and are therefore employed as nanocarriers to load, deliver, and release HCPT. Notably, the release rate of HCPT achieved 93.6% at pH = 8.5 andT = 45°C which simulates the microenvironment of colon cancer cells. Cell biology experiments demonstrated that the more precise targeting ability of HCPT‐loaded NPs resulted in higher cytotoxicity to tumor cells but also less toxicity to normal cells BEAS‐2B. Flow cytometry apoptosis analysis also demonstrated that HCPT‐loaded NPs had a significant growth‐inhibitory effect on SW480 colon cancer cells. We expected that the supramolecular nanoparticles combining active and passive targeting capabilities could be further developed as potential drug carrier formulations for enhancing the clinical efficacy of anti‐colon cancer drugs.
Topological Photonic States in Waveguide Arrays
Authors: Kang Juan , Wei Ruishan , Zhang Qinglong , Dong Guoping
Published: December 2022

Topological photonics, accompanied by the ability to manipulate light, has emerged as a rapidly growing field of research. More platforms for displaying novel topological photonic states are being explored, thus offering efficient strategies for the realization of robust photonic devices. Optical waveguide arrays, described as a (n+1)‐dimensional system, are ideal platforms for studying topological photonics because of the characteristic that can exhibit light dynamics. Here, this work reviews the experimental implementations of the various topological phases in the optical waveguide arrays, and specifically discusses novel physical phenomena arising from the combination of topology with non‐Hermitianity and nonlinearity. It is believed that topological waveguide arrays provide powerful support for enriching topological physics and promoting the development of topological photonic integrated devices.