bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A spectral three-dimensional color space model of tree crown health
Authors: Monahan William B. , Arnspiger Colton E. , Bhatt Parth , An Zhongming , Krist Frank J. , Liu Tao , Richard Robert P. , Edson Curtis , Froese Robert E. , Steffenson John , Lammers Tony C. , Frosh Randy
Published: October 2022

Protecting the future of forests in the United States and other countries depends in part on our ability to monitor and map forest health conditions in a timely fashion to facilitate management of emerging threats and disturbances over a multitude of spatial scales. Remote sensing data and technologies have contributed to our ability to meet these needs, but existing methods relying on supervised classification are often limited to specific areas by the availability of imagery or training data, as well as model transferability. Scaling up and operationalizing these methods for general broadscale monitoring and mapping may be promoted by using simple models that are easily trained and projected across space and time with widely available imagery. Here, we describe a new model that classifies high resolution (~1 m2) 3-band red, green, blue (RGB) imagery from a single point in time into one of four color classes corresponding to tree crown condition or health: green healthy crowns, red damaged or dying crowns, gray damaged or dead crowns, and shadowed crowns where the condition status is unknown. These Tree Crown Health (TCH) models trained on data from the United States (US) Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), for all 48 States in the contiguous US and spanning years 2012 to 2019, exhibited high measures of model performance and transferability when evaluated using randomly withheld testing data (n= 122 NAIP state x year combinations; median overall accuracy 0.89–0.90; median Kappa 0.85–0.86). We present examples of how TCH models can detect and map individual tree mortality resulting from a variety of nationally significant native and invasive forest insects and diseases in the US. We conclude with discussion of opportunities and challenges for extending and implementing TCH models in support of broadscale monitoring and mapping of forest health.
The influence of sexual arousal on subjective pain intensity during a cold pressor test in women
Authors: Lakhsassi Lara , Borg Charmaine , Martusewicz Sophie , van der Ploeg Karen , de Jong Peter J.
Published: October 2022

Background & objectives

Pain can be significantly lessened by sex/orgasm, likely due to the release of endorphins during sex, considered potent analgesics. The evidence suggests that endorphins are also present during sexual arousal (that is, prior to sex/orgasm). It follows then that pain can be modulated during sexual arousal, independent of sex/orgasm, too. Accordingly, sexual arousal induced by erotic slides has been demonstrated to lessen pain in men, but not in women. One explanation could be that for women, the erotic slides were not potent enough to elicit a lasting primed state of sexual arousal by the time pain was induced. Thus, the current study aims to optimize the means of inducing a potent state of sexual arousal and subsequently examine the potentially analgesic influence of sexual arousal on pain in women. As a subsidiary aim, the study also assesses whether the anticipated analgesic effect of sexual arousal would be stronger than that of distraction or generalized (non-sexual) arousal.

Methods

Female participants (N = 151) were randomly distributed across four conditions: sexual arousal, generalized arousal, distraction, neutral. Mild pain was induced using a cold pressor while participants were concurrently exposed to film stimuli (pornographic, exciting, distracting, neutral) to induce the targeted emotional states. A visual analogue scale was utilized to measure the subjective level of pain perceived by the participants.

Results

Sexual arousal did not reduce subjective pain. Generalized arousal and distraction did not result in stronger analgesic effects than the neutral condition.

Conclusion

The present findings do not support the hypothesis that sexual arousal alone modulates subjective pain in women. This might be due to the possibility that genital stimulation and/or orgasm are key in pain reduction, or, that feelings of disgust may inadvertently have been induced by the pornographic stimulus and interfered with sexual arousal in influencing pain.
iEngage: A digital health education program designed to enhance physical activity in young adolescents
Authors: Caillaud Corinne , Ledger Susan , Diaz Claudio , Clerc Gaël , Galy Olivier , Yacef Kalina
Published: October 2022

iEngage is a modular health education and behavioural change program designed to help adolescents increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The program is delivered through the iEngage app which integrates activity trackers data (Misfit Ray©) within 10 interactive learning modules. Key features include guidance to set goals, self-monitor and assess achievements, and experiential learning via the connected activity trackers which allows for continuous steps recording during the program. iEngage was implemented in two schools over 5 weeks with 10–12 years old adolescents (n = 57) and PA outcomes compared to control group (n = 26). Results show that adolescents successfully set goals and self-assessed achievements during the program, progressing toward higher physical activity (PA) levels as shown by the 30% increase in daily steps through the program (+ 2647 steps/day, P < .001) with boys increasing goals and achievements faster than girls. The consistency in days totalling at least 11,000 steps/day increased from 35% at the start to 48% at the end of the program. The increase in PA is confirmed through the assessment of MVPA during schooldays pre- and post- program via research grade wrist accelerometers in both iEngage and control participants. Contrasting with the control group, MVPA was increased in the week following the program (~+5 min/day, P = .023) in short bouts, particularly during lunch time, recess and after school. This study shows that a digital program integrating activity trackers data, health education, goals setting and self-monitoring of PA, helped young adolescents enhance PA goals, improve achievements and increase MVPA.
College student Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and maladaptive behavior: Traditional statistical modeling and predictive analysis using machine learning
Authors: McKee Paul C. , Budnick Christopher J. , Walters Kenneth S. , Antonios Imad
Published: October 2022

This paper reports a two-part study examining the relationship between fear of missing out (FoMO) and maladaptive behaviors in college students. This project used a cross-sectional study to examine whether college student FoMO predicts maladaptive behaviors across a range of domains (e.g., alcohol and drug use, academic misconduct, illegal behavior). Participants (N = 472) completed hard copy questionnaire packets assessing trait FoMO levels and questions pertaining to unethical and illegal behavior while in college. Part 1 utilized traditional statistical analyses (i.e., hierarchical regression modeling) to identify any relationships between FoMO, demographic variables (socioeconomic status, living situation, and gender) and the behavioral outcomes of interest. Part 2 looked to quantify the predictive power of FoMO, and demographic variables used in Part 1 through the convergent approach of supervised machine learning. Results from Part 1 indicate that college student FoMO is indeed related to many diverse maladaptive behaviors spanning the legal and illegal spectrum. Part 2, using various techniques such as recursive feature elimination (RFE) and principal component analysis (PCA) and models such as logistic regression, random forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM), showcased the predictive power of implementing machine learning. Class membership for these behaviors (offender vs. non-offender) was predicted at rates well above baseline (e.g., 50% at baseline vs 87% accuracy for academic misconduct with just three input variables). This study demonstrated FoMO’s relationships with these behaviors as well as how machine learning can provide additional predictive insights that would not be possible through inferential statistical modeling approaches typically employed in psychology, and more broadly, the social sciences. Research in the social sciences stands to gain from regularly utilizing the more traditional statistical approaches in tandem with machine learning.
Statistical methodologies for evaluation of the rate of persistence of Ebola virus in semen of male survivors in Sierra Leone
Authors: Habib Ndema , Hughes Michael D. , Broutet Nathalie , Thorson Anna , Gaillard Philippe , Landoulsi Sihem , McDonald Suzanne L. R. , Formenty Pierre ,   on behalf of Sierra Leone Ebola Virus Persistence Study Group
Published: October 2022

The 2013–2016 Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa was the largest and most complex outbreak ever, with a total number of cases and deaths higher than in all previous EBOV outbreaks combined. The outbreak was characterized by rapid spread of the infection in nations that were weakly prepared to handle it. EBOV ribonucleic acid (RNA) is known to persist in body fluids following disease recovery, and studying this persistence is crucial for controlling such epidemics. Observational cohort studies investigating EBOV persistence in semen require following up recently recovered survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD), from recruitment to the time when their semen tests negative for EBOV, the endpoint being time-to-event. Because recruitment of EVD survivors takes place weeks or months following disease recovery, the event of interest may have already occurred. Survival analysis methods are the best suited for the estimation of the virus persistence in body fluids but must account for left- and interval-censoring present in the data, which is a more complex problem than that of presence of right censoring alone. Using the Sierra Leone Ebola Virus Persistence Study, we discuss study design issues, endpoint of interest and statistical methodologies for interval- and right-censored non-parametric and parametric survival modelling. Using the data from 203 EVD recruited survivors, we illustrate the performance of five different survival models for estimation of persistence of EBOV in semen. The interval censored survival analytic methods produced more precise estimates of EBOV persistence in semen and were more representative of the source population than the right censored ones. The potential to apply these methods is enhanced by increased availability of statistical software to handle interval censored survival data. These methods may be applicable to diseases of a similar nature where persistence estimation of pathogens is of interest.
Effects of contact with a dog on prefrontal brain activity: A controlled trial
Authors: Marti Rahel , Petignat Milena , Marcar Valentine L. , Hattendorf Jan , Wolf Martin , Hund-Georgiadis Margret , Hediger Karin
Published: October 2022

Background

There is a broad range of known effects of animal contact on human mental and physical health. Neurological correlates of human interaction with animals have been sparsely investigated. We investigated changes in frontal brain activity in the presence of and during contact with a dog.

Methods

Twenty-one healthy individuals each participated in six sessions. In three sessions, participants had contact with a dog, and in three control sessions they interacted with a plush animal. Each session had five two-minute phases with increasing intensity of contact to the dog or plush animal from the first to the fourth phase. We measured oxygenated, deoxygenated, and total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation of the blood in the frontal lobe/frontopolar area with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SenSmart Model X-100) to assess brain activity.

Findings

In both conditions, the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin increased significantly from the first to the fourth phase by 2.78 μmol/l (CI = 2.03–3.53, p < .001). Oxygenated hemoglobin concentration was 0.80 μmol/l higher in the dog condition compared to in the control condition (CI = 0.27–1.33, p = .004). Deoxygenated-hemoglobin concentration, total hemoglobin concentration, and oxygen saturation showed similar patterns.

Conclusion

Prefrontal brain activation in healthy subjects increased with the rise in interaction closeness with a dog or a plush animal. Moreover, interaction with a dog stimulated more brain activity compared to the control condition, suggesting that interactions with a dog can activate stronger attentional processes and elicit more emotional arousal than interacting with a nonliving stimulus.
The role of cooking practices in the transmission of the foodborne parasite Taenia solium: A qualitative study in an endemic area of Southern Tanzania
Authors: Møller Karen Schou , Magnussen Pascal , Thamsborg Stig Milan , Gabriël Sarah , Ngowi Helena , Magne Jeanette
Published: October 2022

The pork tapewormTaenia soliumis a zoonotic food-borne parasite endemic in many developing countries causing human cysticercosis and taeniosis as well as porcine cysticercosis. It mainly affects the health of rural smallholder pig farmers and their communities, resulting in lower health status, reduced pork quality, and economic loss due to condemnation of pigs or low pricing of pork. This qualitative study aimed to identify key food related practices linked to consumption of pork at village level, of importance for transmission of taeniosis. We used an interpretivist-constructivist paradigm in a multiple case study of exploratory qualitative research design. Data was acquired through guided and probing interviews with 64 pork cooks, and 14 direct observations in four villages in aT.soliumendemic area of Mbeya Region in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. The study showed that the informants were members of communities of practice through their pork cooking practices, one community of practice for the restaurant cooks and one for the home cooks, learning, sharing, and distributing their cooking skills. Furthermore, the analysis showed that the pork cooks generally had some awareness of there being something undesirable in raw pork, but they had very diverse understandings of what it was, or of its potential harm. Major potential transmission points were identified in restaurants and in home kitchens. It appears that the pork cooks act according to socio-cultural and economic factors guiding them in their actions, including pressure from customers in restaurants, the family values of tradition in the home kitchens, and the culturally guided risk perception and appraisal. These practices might generate potential transmission points. Future research on interventions aimed at preventing the spread ofT.soliumtaeniosis should recognise the importance of tradition and culture in risky food practices.
A RT-qPCR system using a degenerate probe for specific identification and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants of concern
Authors: Jessen Randi , Nielsen Line , Larsen Nicolai Balle , Cohen Arieh Sierra , Gunalan Vithiagaran , Marving Ellinor , Alfaro-Núñez Alonzo , Polacek Charlotta ,   The Danish COVID-19 Genome Consortium (DCGC), Fomsgaard Anders , Spiess Katja
Published: October 2022

Fast surveillance strategies are needed to control the spread of new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and gain time for evaluation of their pathogenic potential. This was essential for the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) that replaced the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) and is currently the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant circulating worldwide. RT-qPCR strategies complement whole genome sequencing, especially in resource lean countries, but mutations in the targeting primer and probe sequences of new emerging variants can lead to a failure of the existing RT-qPCRs. Here, we introduced an RT-qPCR platform for detecting the Delta- and the Omicron variant simultaneously using a degenerate probe targeting the key ΔH69/V70 mutation in the spike protein. By inclusion of the L452R mutation into the RT-qPCR platform, we could detect not only the Delta and the Omicron variants, but also the Omicron sub-lineages BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5. The RT-qPCR platform was validated in small- and large-scale. It can easily be incorporated for continued monitoring of Omicron sub-lineages, and offers a fast adaption strategy of existing RT-qPCRs to detect new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants using degenerate probes.
Leaving academia: PhD attrition and unhealthy research environments
Authors: Kis Andrea , Tur Elena Mas , Lakens Daniël , Vaesen Krist , Houkes Wybo
Published: October 2022

This study investigates PhD candidates’ (N = 391) perceptions about their research environment at a Dutch university in terms of the research climate, (un)ethical supervisory practices, and questionable research practices. We assessed whether their perceptions are related to career considerations. We gathered quantitative self-report estimations of the perceptions of PhD candidates using an online survey tool and then conducted descriptive and within-subject correlation analysis of the results. While most PhD candidates experience fair evaluation processes, openness, integrity, trust, and freedom in their research climate, many report lack of time and support, insufficient supervision, and witness questionable research practices. Results based on Spearman correlations indicate that those who experience a less healthy research environment (including experiences with unethical supervision, questionable practices, and barriers to responsible research), more often consider leaving academia and their current PhD position.
Readiness of Ghanaian health facilities to deploy a health insurance claims management software (CLAIM-it)
Authors: Abekah-Nkrumah Gordon , Antwi Maxwell , Attachey Alex Yao , Janssens Wendy , Rinke de Wit Tobias F.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Inadequate, inefficient and slow processing of claims are major contributors to the cost of health insurance schemes, and therefore undermining their sustainability. This study uses the Technology, Organisation and Environment (TOE) framework to examine the preparedness of health facilities of the Christian Health Association of Ghana (CHAG) to implement a digital mobile health insurance claims processing software (CLAIM-it), which aims to increase efficiency.

Methods

The study used a cross-sectional mixed method design to collect data (technology and human capital capacity and baseline operational performance of claims management) from a sample of 20 CHAG health facilities across Ghana. While quantitative data was analysed using simple descriptive statistics statistics (frequencies, mean, minimum and maximum values), qualitative interviews were recorded, transcribed and abstracted into two major themes that were reported to re-enforce the quantitative findings.

Results

The quantitative results revealed challenges including inadequate computers and accessories, adequate numbers and skills for claims processing, poor intranets and internet access, absence of a robust post-implementation support system and inadequate standard operating procedures (SOPs) for seamless automation of claims processing. In addition to the above, the qualitative results emphasised the need to make CLAIM-it more flexible and capable of being integrated into third-party softwares. Notwithstanding the challenges, decision-makers in CHAG health facilities see the CLAIM-it software as having better functionality and superior capabilities compared to existing claims processing systems in Ghana.

Conclusion

Notwithstanding the challenges, the CLAIM-it software is more likely to be adopted by decision-makers, given the positive perception in terms of superior functionality. It is important that key actors in claims management at the National Health Insurance collaborate with relevant stakeholders to adopt the CLAIM-it software for claims processing and management in Ghana.
Identification and characterization of miRNAome and target genes in Pseudostellaria heterophylla
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Chongmin , Zhou Tao , Jin Haijun , Liu Xiaoqing
Published: October 2022

miRNAs play a crucial role in the development and growth of plants by inhibiting the function of targeted genes at the post-transcription level. However, no miRNAs in Pseudostellaria heterophylla have been reported and their function in the morphogenesis of organs is still unclear. In this study, a total of 159 conserved miRNAs (belonging to 64 families) and 303 level miRNAs were identified from P. heterophylla. Some of them showed specifically up or down-regulated expression in different tissues and numbers of unigenes involved in Plant-pathogen interaction and MAPK signaling pathway-plant were targeted. The significant negative correlation of expression profiles between 30 miRNAs and their target genes (37 unigenes) was observed, respectively. Further, a large number of genes involved with signal transduction of auxin, zeatin, abscisic acid and, jasmonic acid were targeted. Predicated targets of two miRNAs were validated by 5′RLM-RACE, respectively. A large number of mRNAs from four pathogens were targeted by miRNAs from P. heterophylla and some of them were targeted by miR414. In summary, we reported a population of miRNAs from four different vegetative tissues of P. heterophylla by high throughput sequencing, which was analyzed by combining with the constructed transcriptome. These results may help to explain the function of miRNAs in the morphogenesis of organs and defense of pathogens, and may provide theoretical basis for breeding and genetic improvement of P. heterophylla.
Ecotype-specific blockage of tasiARF production by two different RNA viruses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gyula Péter , Tóth Tamás , Gorcsa Teréz , Nyikó Tünde , Sós-Hegedűs Anita , Szittya György
Published: October 2022

Arabidopsis thalianais one of the most studied model organisms of plant biology with hundreds of geographical variants called ecotypes. One might expect that this enormous genetic variety could result in differential response to pathogens. Indeed, we observed previously that the Bur ecotype develops much more severe symptoms (upward curling leaves and wavy leaf margins) upon infection with two positive-strand RNA viruses of different families (turnip vein-clearing virus, TVCV, and turnip mosaic virus, TuMV). To find the genes potentially responsible for the ecotype-specific response, we performed a differential expression analysis of the mRNA and sRNA pools of TVCV and TuMV-infected Bur and Col plants along with the corresponding mock controls. We focused on the genes and sRNAs that showed an induced or reduced expression selectively in the Bur virus samples in both virus series. We found that the two ecotypes respond to the viral infection differently, yet both viruses selectively block the production of theTAS3-derived small RNA specimen called tasiARF only in the virus-infected Bur plants. The tasiARF normally forms a gradient through the adaxial and abaxial parts of the leaf (being more abundant in the adaxial part) and post-transcriptionally regulates ARF4, a major leaf polarity determinant in plants. The lack of tasiARF-mediated silencing could lead to an ectopically expressed ARF4 in the adaxial part of the leaf where the misregulation of auxin-dependent signaling would result in an irregular growth of the leaf blade manifesting as upward curling leaf and wavy leaf margin. QTL mapping using Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) suggests that the observed symptoms are the result of a multigenic interaction that allows the symptoms to develop only in the Bur ecotype. The particular nature of genetic differences leading to the ecotype-specific symptoms remains obscure and needs further study.
Contrasted phylogeographic patterns of hydrothermal vent gastropods along South West Pacific: Woodlark Basin, a possible contact zone and/or stepping-stone
Authors: Poitrimol Camille , Thiébaut Éric , Daguin-Thiébaut Claire , Le Port Anne-Sophie , Ballenghien Marion , Tran Lu Y Adrien , Jollivet Didier , Hourdez Stéphane , Matabos Marjolaine
Published: October 2022

Understanding drivers of biodiversity patterns is essential to evaluate the potential impact of deep-sea mining on ecosystems resilience. While the South West Pacific forms an independent biogeographic province for hydrothermal vent fauna, different degrees of connectivity among basins were previously reported for a variety of species depending on their ability to disperse. In this study, we compared phylogeographic patterns of several vent gastropods across South West Pacific back-arc basins and the newly-discovered La Scala site on the Woodlark Ridge by analysing their genetic divergence using a barcoding approach. We focused on six genera of vent gastropods widely distributed in the region: Lepetodrilus, Symmetromphalus, Lamellomphalus, Shinkailepas, Desbruyeresia and Provanna. A wide-range sampling was conducted at different vent fields across the Futuna Volcanic Arc, the Manus, Woodlark, North Fiji, and Lau Basins, during the CHUBACARC cruise in 2019. The Cox1-based genetic structure of geographic populations was examined for each taxon to delineate putative cryptic species and assess potential barriers or contact zones between basins. Results showed contrasted phylogeographic patterns among species, even between closely related species. While some species are widely distributed across basins (i.e. Shinkailepas tollmanni, Desbruyeresia melanioides and Lamellomphalus) without evidence of strong barriers to gene flow, others are restricted to one (i.e. Shinkailepas tufari complex of cryptic species, Desbruyeresia cancellata and D. costata). Other species showed intermediate patterns of isolation with different lineages separating the Manus Basin from the Lau/North Fiji Basins (i.e. Lepetodrilus schrolli, Provanna and Symmetromphalus spp.). Individuals from the Woodlark Basin were either endemic to this area (though possibly representing intermediate OTUs between the Manus Basin and the other eastern basins populations) or, coming into contact from these basins, highlighting the stepping-stone role of the Woodlark Basin in the dispersal of the South West Pacific vent fauna. Results are discussed according to the dispersal ability of species and the geological history of the South West Pacific.
Hip adduction and abduction strength in youth male soccer and basketball players with and without groin pain in the past year
Authors: Marušič Jan , Šarabon Nejc
Published: October 2022

The objectives of this study were to 1) assess the differences between youth soccer and basketball players with and without past year groin pain (GP) in hip adduction and abduction strength and several training characteristics (age at the start of regular training, weekly training frequency, warm-up and training duration, use of stretching and/or stabilisation exercises during warm-up, use of resistance training); 2) present strength reference values for youth soccer and basketball players. 227 players participated (age 16.9 ± 1.4 years; height 184.2 ± 8.5 cm; mass 75.5 ± 11.9 kg). Hip adduction and abduction strength was measured in supine position (hip, knee and ankle in neutral position) using a MuscleBoard dynamometer. Interlimb asymmetries and hip adduction:abduction ratios were calculated. Past year GP and training characteristics were assessed with a retrospective questionnaire. 11.9% of players reported past year GP (16.9% in soccer and 6.4% in basketball). The only significant difference between the past year GP and the control groups was found in the age of the players at the start of regular training (7.2 ± 1.8 years for the GP group vs. 8.5 ± 2.6 years for the control group). Additionally, soccer players without past year GP have significantly higher hip adduction strength (1.1 ± 0.2 Nm/kg vs. 1.0 ± 0.2 Nm/kg) and adduction:abduction strength ratio (1.10 ± 0.18 vs. 1.03 ± 0.16) compared to basketball players. Our results show that hip adduction and abduction strength, interlimb asymmetry and hip adduction:abduction ratio do not differentiate between players with and without past year GP (p = 0.29–0.90), which means that their adduction or abduction strength can be analysed regardless of the GP presence in the past year. Additionally, players with past year GP started regularly training at significantly lower age, which could indicate the problematic nature of early/premature sports specialisation.
Risk factors of mortality among children under age five in Awi Zone, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Yenew , Dessie Habtamu , Birara Melak
Published: October 2022

Background

Globally, under-five mortality rates have dropped, but in Ethiopia, the under-five mortality rate is still high. In Amhara region, the death of children under the age of five is still a public health problem. This study assessed the risk factors of mortality among children under age five in Awi Zone.

Method

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2020, up to April 30, 2021. Data entry and analysis were conducted using SPSS version 26 and Stata version 16, respectively. A zero-inflated Poisson regression model was fitted to identify the risk factors of under-five mortality.

Result

Out of the 1,340 mothers in the Awi zone, 11.9% of women lost at least one child. Single births (IRR = 0.598, 95% CI: 0.395, 0.906), fathers whose level of education is secondary or above(IRR = 0.223, 95% CI: 0.064, 0.782), mothers who completed their secondary and above education level(IRR = 0.116, 95% CI: 0.014, 0.971), mothers who have birth interval greater than 24 months (IRR = 0.619,95% CI: 0.417, 0.917), 8 and above family size the households (IRR = 0.543, 95% CI: 0.302, 0.976), 31 and above mother age groups (IRR = 0.296, 95% CI: 0.093, 0.943), medium households of mothers (IRR = 0.540, 95% CI: 0.316, 0.920), working mothers (IRR = 1.691, 95% CI: 1.040, 2.748) and mothers who had not antenatal visits during pregnancy (IRR = 2.060, 95% CI: 1.259, 3.371) were significant factors of under-five mortality.

Conclusion

Mother’s age group, preceding birth interval, family size, wealth index, duration of pregnancy, antenatal visits during pregnancy, types of birth, mother’s education level, husband’s education level, and place of delivery were significant factors of under-five mortality in Awi zone. So, Awi zone public health institute, Awi zone children’s and youth office, and other relevant bodies should work to reduce under-five mortality by focusing on child mortality issues.
Navigating the leaky pipeline: Do stereotypes about parents predict career outcomes in academia?
Authors: Stefanova Vasilena , Latu Ioana
Published: October 2022

The motherhood penalty seemingly reflects a preference to hire female professionals who are not parents compared to mothers, however, little is known about whether this effect is attributable to parent stereotypes per se. Study 1 assessed the content of the parent-academia stereotypes of 180 individuals working in Education and revealed stronger stereotypical associations of fathers with academia than mothers. Study 2 investigated what parent-academia stereotypes predict in terms of endorsements for hiring men versus women in a mock hiring task set in an academic context. Academics (N = 112) evaluated mock job candidates for an Assistant Professor post while the gender, parental status and leave status of the candidates were manipulated. The findings showed that parents were significantly less likely to be endorsed to be hired than non-parents, regardless of gender. Parent-academia stereotypes led to biased hiring recommendations, such that a greater endorsement of parent-academia stereotypes predicted a reduced likelihood to endorse hiring parents compared to non-parents. Implications for reducing parent stereotypes in academic contexts are discussed.
The Bumba-Meu-Boi rei da boiada festival: Reflections on a cultural tourist attraction of the city of Parnaíba – Piauí
Authors: Neto Otavio Altino do Nascimento , Braga Solano de Souza , Oliveira Sofia Araujo de
Published: October 2022

The Bumba-meu-boi is a traditional festival that takes place in the Northeast of Brazil, and is one of the most important festivals in Brazilian popular culture. In Parnaíba, in the state of Piauí, there is Rei da Boiada cultural group that carries high symbolic value for those who take part in the ritual. This group is part of the cultural heritage of the city that is home to the participants, who invest a great deal of love, dedication and effort to the art, dance and local culture. Based on a case study of the Rei da Boiada Group, this qualitative research study investigates whether the Bumba-meu-boi Rei da Boiada cultural festival can be considered a tourist attraction. The methods used in this research included a bibliographic review, field study and interviews. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and field observations from 2015 to 2019. The descriptive and explanatory method was used for the data analysis. It was concluded that the group is culturally rich and can be considered a tourist attraction, as it is part of the “Festa de Juninha” – the June festival that attracts tourists. But there has been little research on the Bumba-meu-boi itself, despite its great potential to contribute to the development of cultural tourism in the city.
The Night Sky as a heritage of humanity and Astrotourism as a tourist potential in the rural regions of Rosana/SP.
Authors: Violin Fábio Luciano , Honorato Vitor Barbato , Lima Ana Beatriz Rodrigues
Published: October 2022

This study presents a review of the literature on the interconnection between the quality of the night sky and the growing interest in astrotourism. As a basis for the data collection, studies of secondary documentary were used. It was observed that there is growing interest in the subject among academics considering the possibilities of astrotourism activity, due to the distinctive elements of the offer in the field of tourism, as well providing an element of fun and enjoyment, in the tourists’ perception. The study is relevant in view of the small number of studies in Brazil on the subject and the possibility of incorporating this type of service in the national tourist sector, as well as the possibility of including astrotourism as a distinctive element of the offer in rural areas, as occurs in other countries.
Memories and traditions of street food: Gastronomic practices on the streets of Pelotas
Authors: Mussi Paula Pinheiro , Pinheiro Pedro Mascarenhas de Souza , Soca Grazielle Younan , Bianchini Valéria Skupien
Published: October 2022

The overall objective of this work is to carry out a survey on street gastronomy through the memories of residents and non-residents of the city of Pelotas, discovering which memories are most present in the respondent's imaginations, and to analyze which neighborhoods these foods were found in and the memories they evoke. A questionnaire was prepared, to which 103 participants responded. Based on the responses, it was concluded snacks are in the memory of most residents and non-residents alike, such as traditional sweets of the city, and that the downtown area was the location with the greatest presence of these services.
Map of brazilian tourism: A study on the categorization of tourist regions in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Soares Patrick Flores , Paula Fábio Zanini de , Xavier Thiago Reis
Published: October 2022

This study analyzes the Categorization of Tourist Municipalities in the Rio Grande do Sul, and discusses the process of regionalization of tourism in the State and how tourism has impacted the development of the localities of Rio Grande do Sul that are part of the Brazilian Tourism Map, in light of the performance of their respective tourism economies. For this, an exploratory and descriptive study was carried out, based on secondary data available on the Mapa do Turismo 2019-2021 Portal of the Brazilian Ministry of Tourism. As a result, the categorization of tourist municipalities was created from the Tourism Regionalization Program, dividing the State of Rio Grande do Sul into twenty-seven tourist regions. The results show that in addition to the capital Porto Alegre, the Região das Hortênsias is the most important tourist destination in the state; it is the region with the most abundant offer of accommodation facilities, the one that generates more jobs in the hotel industry, and the one that collects the most taxes in the sector. Also of note are the Costa Doce, the Litoral Norte Gaúcho and the Região da Fronteira.
The use of agile methodologies and their contribution to innovation of the business model: a study of multiple cases in the context of incubators and startups
Authors: Mota Patrícia Guimarães , Silva André Luiz Barbosa da , Limongi Ricardo França Coelho
Published: October 2022

Purpose: to understand the phenomenon of agile methodologies and their application in the innovation of existing business models. Methodology: a qualitative study, with a multiple case approach. Main results: the empirical findings confirmed the importance of incubator contributions to the development of innovation in incubated startups. Theoretical or methodological contributions: the research corroborates what the literature says on the subject and contributes useful information to the process of implementing agile methodologies. Relevance and originality: this study is relevant because it deals with challenges that are still little known in the implementation of agile methodologies, thus collaborating to fill the gap in the literature. Social or managerial contributions: the results of this study can help startup managers to deal with the adversities in implementing and adapting to agile methodologies; and to seek a more effective monitoring of the incubator throughout this process.
The Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) and Associated Driving Factors of Modeling in Mining Areas
Authors: Li Jun , Guo Tianyu , Zhang Chengye , Yang Fei , Sang Xiao
Published: October 2022

To determine the fractional vegetation cover (FVC ) and associated driving factors of modeling in mining areas, six types of data were used as driving factors and three methods—multi-linear regression (MLR ), geographically weighted regression (GWR ), and geographically weighted
artificial neural network (GWANN )—were adopted in the modeling. The experiments, conducted in Shengli mining areas located in Xilinhot city, China, show that the MLR model without consideration of spatial heterogeneity and spatial non-stationarity performs the worst and that the GWR
model presents obvious location differences, since it predefines a linear relationship which is unable to describe FVC for some locations. The GWANN model, improving on these defects, is the most suitable model for the FVC driving process in mining areas; it outperforms the other two models,
with root-mean-square error (RMSE ) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE ) reaching 0.16 and 0.20. It has improvements of approximately 24% in RMSE and 33% in MAPE compared to the MLR model, and those values grow to 59% and 71% when compared with the GWR model.
Introduction
Authors: Jackson Jason Baird , Jordan Michael Paul
Published: October 2022

This brief editorial introduces the special double issue of Museum Anthropology Review titled Studies in Museum Ethnography in Honor of Daniel C. Swan.
How about the quality of information concerning periodontal diseases our patients are finding online?
Authors: Bizzi Isabella H. , Piardi Carla Cioato , Weidlich Patricia
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the websites returned by Google and Bing on periodontal disease by the JAMA criteria and the HONCode, and to evaluate the quality of the websites’ content. MATERIALS AND METHODS: “Gum disease” was searched in Brazilian Google and Bing in May 2017. The first 200 websites were analyzed by the Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA) criteria and the Health On the Net Foundation (HONCode) certification. The websites’ content was analyzed according to an instrument previously described in the literature. RESULTS: The JAMA scores of websites returned by Google and Bing were similar (median, 2; IQR [1, 3]). The proportion of websites with a JAMA score ≥3 was significantly higher for Google than for Bing (41% versus 29.7%, P=0.03). Journalism websites showed the highest scores in both platforms, while Dental Practices websites scored the lowest. Comparing the first 10 results of Google and Bing with the rest of the websites, there was no significant difference in the JAMA score for both platforms. Google’s content analysis showed a mean score of 34.3±18.4, while in Bing it was 39.1±18.5 (P=0.83). CONCLUSION: The online information concerning periodontal diseases in Brazilian Portuguese present low trustworthiness and low quality of disease-specific content. This issue deserves attention not only from the researchers but also from government entities and specialized institutions in order to ensure access to safe, sound and readable oral health information to Brazilian’s citizens.
Periodontal management in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Borges Samuel Batista , Araújo Lidya Nara Marques de , Calderon Patrícia dos Santos , Gurgel Bruno César de Vasconcelos
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION: The global pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has brought new challenges for healthcare personnel. In Dentistry, during the performance of specialized procedures, such as the periodontal management, it is necessary to find solutions for urgent and emergency demands, even in contexts of social isolation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to provide a global overview of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral environment, in order to encourage strategies and measures to prevent or reduce transmission in the dental setting. We particularly highlight periodontal management issues in view of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Information used for this review was sourced from the PubMed database, as well as studies and guidelines on COVID-19. CONCLUSION: This study provides an overview of the relationship between saliva, the oral microbiome, dysbiotic biofilm, and the novel coronavirus. Concomitantly, it focuses on the role of periodontists and all dental health care personnel (DHCP) in adopting infection prevention and control measures during periodontal care.
Relationship between reduced IL-10 expression and improvement of periodontal conditions of periodontal and diabetic patients
Authors: Costa Priscila Paganini , Moura Nathalya Maria Vilela , Mariguela Viviane Casagrande , Vanderlei Janine Montenegro Toscano Moura de Medeiros , Souza Sérgio Luís Scomba􀆫 de , Novaes Junior Arthur Belém , Freitas Maria Cristi na Foss , Taba Junior Mario
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE: Th is study aims to determine the profi le of infl ammatory proteins in unstimulated whole saliva of periodontal patients with or without type 2 diabetes two months aft er non-surgical periodontal therapy. METHODS: Fift y-six patients were enrolled: PD group with 21 patients, PD + DM group with 20 patients and control group with 15 patients. Clinical examination and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement were performed before and two months aft er periodontal therapy. Saliva samples were collected to assess 39 salivary proteins using Multiplex Cytokine Profi ling Assay. RESULTS: Th ere were signifi cant reduction two months aft er periodontal therapy for salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, IL-10, eotaxin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3 in PD group, and for salivary levels of IL-1ra, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) in PD+DM group. Clinical parameters improved signifi – cantly aft er periodontal therapy in both diseased groups, and HbA1c levels in PD+DM group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical periodontal therapy was eff ective in producing shortterm clinical benefi ts to the patients with a signifi cant reduction of important infl ammatory markers related to the pathogenesis of the disease. Among the studied cytokines only IL-10 shared similar outcome in the diseased groups, suggesting its potential applicability as a salivary biomarker for monitoring periodontitis associated or not to diabetes and infl ammation during the early response to therapy.
Osteotome technique: literature review
Authors: Correia Francisco , Gouveia Sonia , Pozza Daniel Humberto , Felino Antonio Campos , Almeida Ricardo Faria
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE: This focus literature review aimed to identify, in a clear and systematic way, the various factors (indications, influence of biomaterials and survival rates of the implants) that a clinician must take into account when addressing the maxillary sinus using trasncrestal maxillary sinus floor elevation techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The papers to include in this focus review were obtained via automatic search and screening of articles published in scientific journals with peer review and indexed in the well-known sources of scientific information e.g. PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, Web of Science, Scielo, Cochrane Library. RESULTS: After screening, 25 papers were included in this focus review. Overall literature results highlight that the osteotome technique is a valid alternative when the remaining bone is >5mm. Also, the most frequent complication is the perforation of the Schneider membrane. Furthermore, different grafts, or no graft at all, can be used with different results, depending on the individual case. Summarizing the results, the average sinus floor elevation was 3,8 mm with variation between 2.6±1.2mm and 5,65±1.93mm. Analyzing the implant survival rate with 5 years follow-up periods, the overall survival rate was 94,3% (varying between 91,9% and 98,3%). The 10 years’ follow-up studies report an average survival rate of 97% (varying between 94% and 100%). CONCLUSIONS: The consensual minimum residual bone height for the indication of osteotome technique is >5mm. Osteotome techniques are predictable, well documented and present a high success rate when correctly carried on.
Efektivitas Pengendalian Sampah Plastik Untuk Mendukung Kelestarian Lingkungan Hidup Di Kota Semarang
Authors: Rahmayani Chanidia Ari , Aminah Aminah
Published: October 2022

Sampah plastik adalah sampah non organik yang sulit terurai, beracun dan mencemari lingkungan. Jumlah sampah plastik setiap tahun cenderung semakin meningkat, dan mengancam kelestarian lingkungan hidup. Diperlukan upaya pengelolaan sampah plastik yang berwawasan lingkungan. Peraturan Walikota Semarang Nomor 27 Tahun 2019 tentang Pengendalian Penggunaan Plastik, diharapkan dapat mendukung kelestarian lingkungan hidup di Kota Semarang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bagaimana efektivitas pengendalian sampah plastik untuk mendukung kelestarian lingkungan hidup di Kota Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif yaitu dengan menganalisis permasalahan berdasarkan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku dan juga literatur yang membahas permasalahan. Hasil dari penelitian dapat dinyatakan bahwa regulasi pengendalian sampah plastik yang dituangkan dalam Peraturan Walikota Semarang Nomor 27 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pengendalian Penggunaan Plastik telah dipatuhi dan dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh pelaku usaha toko modern dan swalayan, namun demikian regulasi ini belum dipatuhi dan dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh pelaku usaha restoran/rumah makan/cafe/penjual makanan. Perlunya sosialisasi dan penegakkan hukum terhadap Peraturan Walikota Semarang Nomor 27 tahun 2019 tentang Pengendalian Penggunaan Plastik terutama bagi para pelaku usaha restoran/rumah makan/cafe/penjual makanan.