bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Catolicismo. Direito e a política no Estado brasileiro
Authors: Campos Neto Antonio Augusto Machado de
Published: April 2018

Catolicismo é a Religião dos cristãos que reconhecem o Papa como autoridade máxima, que se confirma e expande por meio dos sacramentos, que venera a Virgem Maria e os santos, incluso Maria Madalena, e aceita os dogmas como verdades incontestáveis e fundamentais. Dentre todos destaca-se a missa como o ato litúrgico mais importante. Nascido na Palestina por meio de comunidades primitivas chamadas de Corpo de Cristo, em processo secular desde o reforço e da conversão do imperador romano Constantino I e de sua mãe, a imperatriz Helena, o Catolicismo, apêndice do Cristianismo, abrange 1/3 da população mundial. O fundamento sistêmico na aderência do Povo católico é baseado no Codex das Escrituras e do Clérigo, uma vez considerar o Papa o representante de Jesus Cristo. Suas igrejas são espalhadas em todo o planeta, incluso na China. A Bíblia cristã, em seus 76 Livros e 2 mil leis bíblicas, oriunda e parte da Bíblia hebraica é o Livro de orientação, estudo e pesquisa dos católicos. O Direito brasileiro, embora o Estado seja laico, se embasa na interligação do Direito Canônico e Direito Romano, principalmente em áreas de visão paroquial religiosa no âmbito do Direito Civil, Direito Consuetudinário, Direito Comparativo e Direito Penal e Processual. A Política brasileira encontra-se embaraçada, repleta de controvérsias, enfatizando os crimes de corrupção postergados há anos no País.
Doação: aspectos gerais e doação entre ascendente e descendente
Authors: Paiano Daniela Braga
Published: April 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a relevância do tema doação e em especial alguns assuntos polêmicos concernentes à temática. Para tanto, inicia-se veiculando alguns fatos trazidos pela mídia bem como alguns julgados exemplificativos que elucidam seu estudo. Uma vez que o tema se relaciona com diversos campos do Direito Civil, percebe-se a preocupação do legislador ao tratá-lo, tentando evitar a ocorrência de eventuais lesões a direito. Desta feita, na primeira parte deste artigo, serão abordados alguns aspectos gerais com relação à doação, tais como as espécies, classificação, sua natureza jurídica, restrições à liberdade de testar, elucidando-se com casos em concreto. Após, analisar-se-á o tema doação como forma de adiantamento da legítima e a questão da nulidade da doação que exceder a parte disponível prevista no art. 549 do Código Civil. Finalmente, será tratada a questão da necessidade de colação ou não dos bens recebidos para se falar da redução das disposições recebidas no caso de doações inoficiosas.
Constituição e criação: o problema da representação
Authors: Alves André Toledo Porto
Published: April 2018

Há uma crescente insatisfação nos últimos anos relativa à política, de uma maneira geral, e aos governos e governantes, de maneira específica. Tal circunstância é expressa em um aumento no número de protestos e na quantidade e variedade das pessoas que protestam. Tal movimento é bastante abrangente, tendo ocorrido na maioria dos países e independe do regime político. No cerne deste movimento emergente está o sentimento de não representatividade, possivelmente enraizado em uma ilegitimidade ainda mais profunda e que demanda um questionamento acerca da própria experiência e existência humana, as quais se colocam em xeque pela instrumentalização esvaziante da política e da linguagem, do poder pelo poder e da persuasão pela persuasão, não bastando a mera legalidade de um determinado sistema normativo. Se no âmbito da história política moderna encontra-se o conceito de representação, independentemente da atribuição em casos específicos ou valoração conjectural de tal conceito, então, o mundo encontra-se em grave risco, diante de uma mediocridade amorfa e uma violência silente, que, a despeito de poderem conviver por determinado período com estruturas e instituições mais ou menos representativas, impedem o movimento de representatividade essencial. Assim, faz-se necessário uma compreensão profunda do conceito de representação e de sua realização prática por meio do direito, da política e da linguagem.
Precedentes no novo Código de Processo Civil v. Ações Coletivas
Authors: Almeida Ursula Ribeiro de
Published: April 2018

Os litígios de massa podem ser tutelados por ações coletivas, mas elas se mostraram insuficiente para lidar com o aumento exponencial da quantidade de processos. O novo Código de Processo Civil trata dos litígios de massa por meio da vinculação dos precedentes.
Prova penal e segredo profissional
Authors: Cesca Brenno Gimenes , Orzari Octavio Augusto Da Silva
Published: April 2018

Neste texto procura-se analisar as implicações do sigilo profissional na prova penal, seara em que possui natureza de exclusão de prova por razões extraprocessuais. Dá-se ênfase à prova testemunhal e à busca e apreensão, fazendo-se observações quanto à profissão de advogados e médicos, além de referências à regulamentação da matéria no Projeto de Código de Processo Penal em tramitação no Congresso Nacional (Projeto de Lei do Senado n. 156/09. Antes, porém, na primeira parte, como antecedentes lógicos, são alinhavados problemas como a tutela da intimidade, os motivos individuais e coletivos da proteção ao sigilo profissional, do confidente necessário e do objeto do segredo, com alusões à regulamentação do direito positivo estrangeiro (Itália, Portugal, Espanha, Chile e Argentina) e do direito positivo brasileiro, desde o texto constitucional, até o regramento infralegal (portaria do Ministério da Justiça que trata da busca e apreensão em escritórios de advocacia).
Estimated Cardiac Risk Associated With Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones Decreases Substantially When Adjusting for Patient Characteristics and Comorbidities
Authors: Polgreen Linnea A. , Riedle Benjamin N. , Cavanaugh Joseph E. , Girotra Saket , London Barry , Schroeder Mary C. , Polgreen Philip M.
Published: April 2018

Background

Some studies have found that antimicrobials, especially macrolides, increase the risk of cardiovascular death. We investigated potential cardiac‐related events associated with antimicrobial use in a population of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

For 185 010 Medicare beneficiaries, we recorded prescriptions for azithromycin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, doxycycline, and amoxicillin‐clavulanate. In the following week, we recorded death, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, a non–atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter arrhythmia, or ventricular arrhythmia. We fit unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations. Adjusted models included patients’ comorbidities, medications, procedures, demographics, insurance status, time since index acute myocardial infarction, number of visits, and the influenza rate. In unadjusted analyses, macrolides and fluoroquinolones were associated with a risk of cardiac events. However, the risk associated with macrolide use was substantially attenuated after adjustment for a wide range of variables, and the risk associated with fluoroquinolones was no longer statistically significant. For example, for azithromycin, the odds ratio for any cardiac event or death was 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.44;
P
<0.0001), but after controlling for a wide range of covariates, the odds ratio decreased to 1.01 (95% confidence interval, 0.95–1.08;
P
<0.6688).

Conclusions

Controlling for covariates explains much of the adverse cardiac risk associated with antimicrobial use found in other studies. Most antimicrobials are not associated with risk of cardiac events, and others, specifically azithromycin and clarithromycin, may pose a small risk of certain cardiac events. However, the modest potential risks attributable to these antimicrobials must be weighed against the drugs’ considerable and immediate benefits.
Prodomain of Furin Promotes Phospholipid Transfer Protein Proteasomal Degradation in Hepatocytes
Authors: Yu Yang , Lei Xia , Jiang Hui , Li Zhiqiang , Creemers John W. M. , Zhang Ming , Qin Shucun , Jin Weijun , Jiang Xian‐Cheng
Published: April 2018

Background

Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is one of the major modulators of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis development; however, little is known about the regulation of PLTP. The effect of hepatic prodomain of furin (profurin) expression on PLTP processing and function is investigated.

Methods and Results

We used adenovirus expressing profurin in mouse liver to evaluate PLTP activity, mass, and plasma lipid levels. We coexpressed PLTP and profurin in human hepatoma cell line cells and studied their interaction. We found profurin expression significantly reduced plasma lipids, plasma PLTP activity, and mass in all tested mouse models, compared with controls. Moreover, the expression of profurin dramatically reduced liver PLTP activity and protein level. We further explored the mechanism using in vivo and ex vivo approaches. We found that profurin can interact with intracellular PLTP and promote its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, resulting in less PLTP secretion from the hepatocytes. Furin does not cleave PLTP; instead, it forms a complex with PLTP, likely through its prodomain.

Conclusions

Our study reveals that hepatic PLTP protein is targeted for proteasomal degradation by profurin expression, which could be a novel posttranslational mechanism underlying PLTP regulation.
Disparities in the Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate According to Cockcroft‐Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease‐4, and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration Equations and Relation With Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Rivera‐Caravaca José Miguel , Ruiz‐Nodar Juan Miguel , Tello‐Montoliu Antonio , Esteve‐Pastor María Asunción , Quintana‐Giner Miriam , Véliz‐Martínez Andrea , Orenes‐Piñero Esteban , Romero‐Aniorte Ana Isabel , Vicente‐Ibarra Nuria , Pernias‐Escrig Vicente , Carrillo‐Alemán Luna , Candela‐Sánchez Elena , Hortelano Ignacio , Villamía Beatriz , Sandín‐Rollán Miriam , Nuñez‐Martínez Laura , Valdés Mariano , Marín Francisco
Published: April 2018

Background

A simple method to assess renal function is the estimated glomerular filtration rate, and it shows prognostic implications. However, it remains unknown which equation should be used in patients with acute coronary syndrome. We compared the ability and correlation of the Cockcroft‐Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease‐4 (MDRD‐4), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equations and their predictive performance for major adverse cardiovascular events, all‐cause mortality, and major bleeding in a cohort of patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods and Results

Multicenter prospective registry involving 1699 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome from 3 tertiary institutions. At entry, renal function was assessed using the Cockcroft‐Gault,
MDRD
‐4, and
CKD
‐
EPI
‐creatinine equations. During 12 months of follow‐up, we recorded all major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal ischemic stroke), bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium classification), and all‐cause mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve comparisons demonstrated that Cockcroft‐Gault equation had higher predictive ability compared with
MDRD
‐4 equation for major adverse cardiovascular events (0.651 versus 0.616;
P
=0.023), major bleeding (0.600 versus 0.551;
P
=0.005), and all‐cause mortality (0.754 versus 0.717;
P
=0.033), as well as higher predictive ability compared with
CKD
‐
EPI
equation for major bleeding (0.600 versus 0.564;
P
=0.018). Integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement analyses showed superior discrimination and reclassification of Cockcroft‐Gault equation. Decision curve analyses graphically demonstrated higher net benefit and clinical usefulness of the Cockcroft‐Gault equation in comparison with
MDRD
‐4 and
CKD
‐EPI equations.

Conclusions

In patients with acute coronary syndrome, the Cockcroft‐Gault equation presented superior predictive ability for major adverse cardiovascular events, major bleeding, and all‐cause mortality compared with
MDRD
‐4 equation, and superior predictive ability for major bleeding compared with
CKD
‐EPI equation. The Cockcroft‐Gault equation also showed higher net benefit and clinical usefulness.
African American Twelver Shia Community of New York
Authors: Aghdassi Abbas , Marandi Seyed Mohammad
Published: April 2018

Few studies analyze minorities among the African American Muslims in the United States. The absence of ethnographic research shows that the current scholarship neglects the minority status of African American Twelver Shias. Based on fieldwork observations from March to December 2015 and several informal interviews, I try to understand how the African American Shia community of New York was formed and how it negotiated its identity when encountered with African American non-Shia Muslims and with Twelver Muslims of other ethnic backgrounds. I try to revisit the diasporic/immigrant religious culture that some Twelver Shias like to practice. This culture seems to have no resonance for the African American Twelver Muslims. Because some African American Twelvers joined Shia Islam after the end of the classic period of the Nation of Islam, it is argued that highlighting cultural practices by the immigrant community might force some African American Twelvers back to their practices of origin.
New genus and species of brachypterous planthopper of the tribe Elicini (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae) from Chile
Authors: CAMPODONICO JUAN F.
Published: April 2018

Selamorpha variegata gen. et sp. nov. is described from Coquimbo Region, Chile. It is characterized by the body dorsally saddle-shaped, brachypterous, tegmina with moderate reticulation, metope elongate, and terga caudally elevated. The new taxon is the second genus of Elicini in Chile and the third of South America. It was found associated with Calceolaria polifolia Hook. (Calceolariaceae).
Carrier Balloon Windfinding Subsystem Evaluation
Authors: Passi Ranjit M. , Olson Michael L.
Published: April 2018

The Carrier Balloon System (CBS) uses Omega Navigation to derive vertical wind profiles. The windfinding subsystem tests of CBS were conducted at Wallops Island during 16–19 October 1973. This paper describes the encouraging results of the test.
Satellite-Tracked Drifters between Africa and Antarctica
Authors: Harris T. F. W. , Stavropoulos C. C.
Published: April 2018

Trajectories and velocities are reported for six drifters launched in February 1976 in the South Atlantic Ocean mostly along the 10°W meridian between 35° and 57°S. These drifters had drogues centered on 7 or 57 m and the tracking durations were 33–302 days. In the Circumpolar Current the tracks were remarkably zonal, remaining generally within ±1° of latitude, except for one drifter deployed at ~42°S, which when it was south of the Cape curved equatorward in the Agulhas Current terminal region, and one at 57°S, which slanted equatorward along the Atlantic-Indian Ridge. The expected deflections occurred at the mid-ocean ridges, and generally the course of the drifters was consistent with the published streamlines of geostrophic transport. The trajectory of a drifter launched equatorward of the subtropical convergence, at 35°S, was one of complex eddying motion, accompanied by a slow drift to the northeast.

In the Circumpolar Current, the latitudinal variation of zonal current velocity was qualitatively similar to the mean annual wind shear and (in the region of 0° meridian) to the geostrophic zonal surface velocities calculated by Ostapoff (1962). Drifter velocities were, however, considerably larger than the geostrophic velocities. Maximum mean velocities (~0.3 m/s) occurred along 49°50′.
An Evaluation of Some Ultra-Long-Range Weather Predictions
Authors: Hindman Edward E. , Spear James
Published: April 2018

Predictions of wet and dry days made with an ultra-long-range weather prediction method for the Los Angeles, St. Louis, and Boston regions for November 1977–April 1978 are compared with the actual weather. The method predicted, on average, 61% of the wet and dry days correctly. A climatologically based random prediction method is developed and is shown to predict for the same data set, on average, 57% of the wet and dry days correctly. The monthly averages of the daily predictions in each category are highly correlated for the two methods. The ultra-long-range method is shown to predict with about the same skill as the random method for the period investigated.
Broadening the Science of Broadening Participation in STEM Through Critical Mixed Methodologies and Intersectionality Frameworks
Authors: Metcalf Heather , Russell Dorian , Hill Catherine
Published: April 2018

If we wish to see our STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) broadening participation efforts affect change, we must also critically reflect upon and broaden our scientific approaches to studying STEM participation, adopting methodologies and frameworks that most appropriately fit the problems and questions at hand. In this article, we discuss how critical mixed-methodological approaches and intersectionality frameworks offer the possibility of a science of broadening participation that deeply understands, contextualizes, and addresses complex barriers to STEM inclusion. First, we describe the suggested approaches and frameworks, illustrating how they allow us to improve how we collect, measure, interpret, and analyze data. Next, we provide some specific examples of how such approaches and frameworks have enriched our scientific work. Last, we offer some final recommendations for researchers seeking to broaden the science of broadening participation in STEM.
Diamonds in the Rough: Claims, Evidence, and Reasoning in Facebook Pollshare.com Comments
Authors: Miller Jerry L. , Kay Carson S. , Sanburg Savannah
Published: April 2018

This article studies the argumentative content of online comments posted in response to the Pollshare.com survey, “How satisfied are you with Trump as President?” Positioned within the body of research exploring the public sphere, this quantitative and qualitative content analysis identifies trends in word use, prominent phrases, and argumentative strategies used. A lack of civility and promotion of self-interest are evident in the three main categories of responses (i.e., satisfied, dissatisfied, and neutral). However, there is evidence of sound argument as well, particularly in the form of argument by comparison, found to be the most prominent argument type among those satisfied and dissatisfied. Directional arguments and argument of sacrifice and waste were identified as well.
Phenomenography as a Foundation for Mixed Models Research
Authors: Feldon David F. , Tofel-Grehl Colby
Published: April 2018

Phenomenography is a methodological paradigm, which emphasizes personal conceptions as a necessary construct to understand the relationship between the physical events that people experience and the personal meanings that they derive from those experiences. This perspective provides a useful framework for mixed methodology research, because its ontology provides both equal legitimacy to objective and subjective phenomena and an integrated paradigm within which one can jointly engage quantitative and qualitative methods. We examine several instances of mixed methods research from the literature that utilize a phenomenographic perspective and identify implications for further development of mixed research strategies.
Competing Origin-country Perspectives on Emigrant Descendants: Moroccan Diaspora Institutions’ Policy Views and Practices Regarding the “Next Generation Abroad”
Authors: Mahieu Rilke
Published: April 2018

This article contributes to the literature on diaspora policies by offering a deeper understanding of origin-state perspectives on emigrants’ descendants. It addresses how diaspora policies targeting this group are rationalized by the state of origin; that is, how policy practices, expectations, and modes of thought related to this “next generation” of the emigrant population are interlinked conceptually. An in-depth inquiry of two Moroccan diaspora institutions reveals the different governing rationalities underlying the cultural diaspora policies in place. The rationalities disagree on the fundamental question of whose interests diaspora policies should serve primarily: the homeland’s or the diaspora’s. As such, the analysis not only draws attention to the way in which the emergence of post-migrant generations alters the governmentality of the diaspora but also points at implications of intrastate institutional plurality.
The Selfie Generation: Examining the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Early Adolescent Body Image
Authors: Salomon Ilyssa , Brown Christia Spears
Published: April 2018

Social media use among adolescents continues to increase each year. This cross-sectional study explored how the amount of time spent using social media and the frequency of specific behaviors on social media, namely, behaviors that involve self-objectification, were related to body surveillance and body shame among a sample of early adolescents ( N = 142; 43 boys and 99 girls, [Formula: see text] = 12.44 years, SDage = 0.61). Utilizing self-report measures, three types of social media were examined: Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Analyses indicated that greater levels of self-objectifying social media use predicted greater body shame among youth, and this was mediated by an associated increase in body surveillance. This mediation was moderated by self-monitoring and gender, such that the mediating role of body surveillance was stronger among girls and adolescents who are particularly focused on others for approval (i.e., high in self-monitoring). Implications of these findings are discussed.
The Scale of Student Engagement in Statistics: Development and Initial Validation
Authors: Whitney Brendan M. , Cheng Ying , Brodersen Alex S. , Hong Maxwell R.
Published: April 2018

Student engagement has been a focal point of research, partly due to its efficacy in promoting long-term academic success. However, many scales are designed to measure engagement across the school setting rather than within specific classes. Though some accomplish the latter, there are even fewer designed to measure student engagement for course-specific material as opposed to generalized classroom engagement. The Scale of Student Engagement in Statistics was developed to better understand and measure the structure of student engagement at this micro level, resulting in a three-factor structure of engagement consisting of affective, behavioral, and cognitive features. The use of the full- and subscale scores were validated and their utility in predicting academic outcomes was demonstrated. This new measure is a crucial step in researching how students engage with introductory statistics courses and provides a scaffold to measure student engagement in other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects.
Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Intimate Partner Violence in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors: Adhia Avanti , Gordon Allegra R. , Roberts Andrea L. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Hemenway David , Austin S. Bryn
Published: April 2018

Childhood gender nonconformity has been associated with numerous adverse experiences, including peer bullying and homophobic violence. However, little is known about gender nonconformity in the context of intimate relationships, independent of sexual orientation. This study aimed to examine associations between childhood gender nonconformity and intimate partner violence (IPV) in adolescence and early adulthood. Using data from the 2007 wave of the U.S. Growing Up Today Study ( N = 7,641, mean age = 22.8 years), we estimated risk ratios (RRs) for the association of gender nonconformity up to age 11 years and lifetime IPV victimization and perpetration. Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics, including sexual orientation identity. We assessed effect modification by gender and examined whether childhood abuse mediated the association between nonconformity and IPV. Males in the top decile of nonconformity were at elevated risk of IPV victimization (RR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.15, 1.71]) and IPV perpetration (RR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.54, 3.56) compared with those below median nonconformity, adjusting for sexual orientation and demographic characteristics. There was no evidence of a similar association for females in the top decile of gender nonconformity. Childhood abuse did not mediate IPV disparities by gender nonconformity. We identify gender nonconformity as an important risk indicator for IPV victimization and perpetration among young adult males, independent of sexual orientation. Findings highlight the vulnerability of boys and men who do not conform to societal gender norms and the importance of studying gender expression as a determinant of violence. IPV prevention efforts may be improved with more explicit focus on socially constructed gender norms and support for diverse gender expressions. Further research into the pathways between nonconformity and IPV and in more diverse populations is needed to build a more comprehensive understanding of the unique experiences gender nonconforming youth face.
Workplace Psychological Aggression, Job Stress, and Vigor: A Test of Longitudinal Effects
Authors: Malik Omer Farooq , Schat Aaron C. H. , Shahzad Asif , Raziq Muhammad Mustafa , Faiz Rafia
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationships between supervisor- and customer-initiated psychological aggression and vigor across time, and to determine the mediating role of job stress in these relationships. We also investigated the potential for differential impacts of supervisor and customer aggression on our outcome variables. A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted with a time lag of 6 months. The study sample consisted of 215 branch office employees of five large commercial banks situated in Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). It was found that Time 1 supervisor and customer aggression were negatively related to Time 2 vigor, and these relationships were partially mediated by job stress. Contrary to our expectations, however, we found no significant differences between Time 1 supervisor and customer aggression in relation to Time 2 job stress and Time 2 vigor. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. We extended research on multifoci approach to workplace aggression and empirically examined the direct and mediated effects of supervisor- and customer-initiated psychological aggression on vigor.
Self-Blame and PTSD Following Sexual Assault: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Kline Nora K. , Berke Danielle S. , Rhodes Charla A. , Steenkamp Maria M. , Litz Brett T.
Published: April 2018

Sexual assault is a prevalent trauma associated with high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Social cognitive theories posit that behavioral self-blame (i.e., attributing the cause of the assault to personal peri-event behavior) contributes to the etiology and maintenance of PTSD symptoms. Yet the direction of the association between self-blame and PTSD symptoms in the acute aftermath of sexual assault is unknown. This study evaluated temporal pathways between behavioral self-blame and PTSD symptom severity in an epidemiological sample of sexual assault survivors ( n = 126) assessed at four time points in the months immediately following the assault. Results of cross-lagged panel modeling revealed that reports of behavioral self-blame at the first assessment following sexual assault predicted PTSD symptom severity at Time 2. However, there was no association between behavioral self-blame at Time 2 and PTSD symptom severity at Time 3, nor was there an association between behavioral self-blame at Time 3 and PTSD symptom severity at Time 4. Instead, PTSD symptom severity predicted behavioral self-blame at Times 3 and 4. Findings suggest that behavioral self-blame following sexual assault may be particularly relevant to the onset of PTSD symptoms, while PTSD symptoms themselves appear to intensify subsequent perceptions of behavioral self-blame. Clinical implications and limitations are discussed.
Lifetime Victimization in Children and Adolescents With ADHD
Authors: Aguado-Gracia Jorge , Mundo-Cid Pilar , Lopez-Seco Fernando , Acosta-García Silvia , Cortes-Ruiz María José , Vilella Elisabet , Masana-Marín Adela
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study is to describe the frequency and type of victimization in a Spanish child and adolescent clinical ADHD sample and to analyze the association between the types of victimization and the severity of the symptoms. The sample is composed of 106 outpatients in treatment for ADHD, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria. Symptom severity was measured by the Conners-3 scales. ADHD and comorbid diagnostics were evaluated with the Mini-Kid interview. The victimization experiences were studied using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). Children with child maltreatment history showed a greater intensity of hyperactivity/impulsivity, aggression and behavioral disorders as well as depression and anxiety disorders. The presence of peer victimization was associated with inattention, learning disorders, executive functioning, and relationship problems. Episodes of victimization should be considered in the treatment of the ADHD. Child maltreatment history is more associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, while peer victimization is more associated with attentional symptoms.
The Link Between Domestic Violence and Abuse and Animal Cruelty in the Intimate Relationships of People of Diverse Genders and/or Sexualities: A Binational Study
Authors: Riggs Damien W. , Taylor Nik , Fraser Heather , Donovan Catherine , Signal Tania
Published: April 2018

Over the past three decades, a growing body of research has focused on experiences of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) among people of diverse genders and/or sexualities. Missing, however, has been a focus on what is known as “the link” between DVA and animal cruelty with regard to people of diverse genders and/or sexualities. The present article reports on a study of 503 people living in either Australia or the United Kingdom, who reported on both their intimate human relationships and their relationships with animals, including relationships that were abusive. In terms of “the link,” a fifth of respondents who had experienced violence or abuse also reported that animal cruelty had been perpetuated by the violent or abusive partner. Statistical interactions were found between having witnessed animal cruelty perpetrated by a partner, gender and sexuality, and both psychological distress and social connectedness. Female participants who had witnessed animal cruelty reported greater psychological distress and lower levels of social support, and both lesbian and bisexual participants who had witnessed animal cruelty reported lower levels of social support. The article concludes by considering the implications of these findings for future research and service provision.
Collective Efficacy and Violence in Chicago Neighborhoods: A Reproduction
Authors: Maxwell Christopher D. , Garner Joel H. , Skogan Wesley G.
Published: April 2018

This research tests the reproducibility of the neighborhood-level effects of social composition and collective efficacy on community violence that Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls reported in a Science article entitled “Neighborhood and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy.” Based upon data from a resident survey, the U.S. Census, and official homicide reports from Chicago, Sampson et al. found that neighborhood collective efficacy directly affects perceived neighborhood violence, household victimization, and homicide rates. In addition, they reported that the relationship between residential stability and concentrated disadvantage with each measure of violence is mediated after adding their collective efficacy measure to the regression models. This article uses Earls, Brooks-Gunn, Raudenbush, and Sampson’s archived data collection and other archived data collections to assess the extent to which Sampson et al.’s core substantive findings are independently reproducible. While the reanalysis identified some differences between the archived data and the information provided in Sampson et al., the reanalysis produced findings in the same reported direction and statistical significance for virtually all of Sampson et al.’s core substantive outcomes. This confirmation of their key conclusions provides added confidence in their collective efficacy thesis and enhances the prospects for extending it by assessing the degree to which it also affects other crime types and whether these effects persist over time.
The Effects of Wars on Postwar Homicide Rates: A Replication and Extension of Archer and Gartner’s Classic Study
Authors: Stamatel Janet P. , Romans Samuel H.
Published: April 2018

This study replicates and extends Archer and Gartner’s classic work testing whether wars increase postwar homicide rates because they legitimize the use of violence as a means of conflict resolution. Using the Comparative Crime Data File (CCDF), we replicated the original study with data from the two World Wars, as well as 12 smaller wars occurring prior to 1980. Our replication results generally confirmed the hypothesis that wars increase postwar homicide rates, although there were differences in results based on the method of analysis. We then examined the validity of this theory using data on four wars occurring after 1990, but found no support for the legitimation of violence argument. We argue that the null findings encourage theoretical expansion, which is an underappreciated aspect of replication that is just as valuable as empirical validation.
Assessment of Teams in a Digital Game Environment
Authors: Mayer Igor
Published: April 2018

Background. Despite the increasing pervasiveness of digital entertainment and serious games in organisational life, there is little evidence for the validity of game-based team training and assessment.

Aim. The authors used the game, TEAMUP for a series of team training and assessment sessions, while at the same time researching the internal validity of the game for this purpose.

Method. A total of 106 sets of data on games played by teams of professionals (police officers, auditors, consultants, etc.) and undergraduates and postgraduates (in aerospace engineering, entrepreneurship, etc.) were gathered for analysis through pre- and post-game questionnaires focusing on constructs for team quality, such as psychological safety and team cohesiveness. In addition, a large quantity of such data as time to complete task, distance and avoidable mistakes were logged to measure in-game team performance. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to find relationships between team structure factors, team quality constructs and in-game performance measures.

Results. The main finding is that the in-game performance measure ‘avoidable mistakes’ (a proxy for task quality) correlates markedly and pervasively with ‘team cohesiveness’. More important, the findings support the premise that in-game assessment can be internally valid for team research and assessment purposes.
Men on Losing a Male to Suicide: A Gender Analysis
Authors: Oliffe John L. , Broom Alex , Kelly Mary T. , Bottorff Joan L. , Creighton Genevieve M. , Ferlatte Olivier
Published: April 2018

Although male suicide has received research attention, the gendered experiences of men bereaved by male suicide are poorly understood. Addressing this knowledge gap, we share findings drawn from a photovoice study of Canadian-based men who had lost a male friend, partner, or family member to suicide. Two categories depicting the men’s overall account of the suicide were inductively derived: (a) unforeseen suicide and (b) rationalized suicide. The “unforeseen suicides” referred to deaths that occurred without warning wherein participants spoke to tensions between having no idea that the deceased was at risk while reflecting on what they might have done to prevent the suicide. In contrast, “rationalized suicides” detailed an array of preexisting risk factors including mental illness and/or substance overuse to discuss cause–effect scenarios. Commonalities in unforeseen and rationalized suicides are discussed in the overarching theme, “managing emotions” whereby participants distanced themselves, but also drew meaning from the suicide.
“The Weight Is Even Worse Than the Cancer”: Exploring Weight Preoccupation in Women Treated for Breast Cancer
Authors: Pila Eva , Sabiston Catherine M. , Taylor Valerie H. , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly
Published: April 2018

Cancer-related changes in body weight are problematic given that excess weight is associated with an increased risk of cancer reoccurrence and mortality. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of weight-concerned women treated for early-stage breast cancer. A purposeful sample of women were selected based on criteria for high weight and body image concerns ( n = 11; Mage = 65.31 ± 10.96 years). Each participant engaged in a one-on-one semi-structured interview. Five themes were identified: weight concerns contributed to psychological distress, prevalent history of weight cycling and ongoing quest to manage weight, shifting psychological impact of cancer versus weight, perceptions of failure around goal-oriented weight management behaviors, and internalized and explicit social pressures for weight loss in the context of risk reduction. In light of the fundamental challenges of weight management, and the present findings, improving weight-related distress should be a clinical priority to improve the well-being of women in survivorship.
Reaping the Rewards of Functional Diversity in Healthcare Teams: Why Team Processes Improve Performance
Authors: Johnson Anya , Nguyen Helena , Groth Markus , White Les
Published: April 2018

Functional diversity in healthcare teams—where members from different healthcare professions work together—is often advocated as the key to achieving quality patient outcomes. However, although functionally diverse teams promise much, they do not always deliver on that promise. Based on the informational diversity perspective, we argue that functional diversity increases role conflict and is an important factor that can help to explain why functional diversity does not always lead to effective team performance. We also argue that team processes play an important role in moderating the effect of functional diversity on role conflict and that depending on how functionally diverse healthcare teams are, certain team processes are more important than others for reducing role conflict thereby leading to improved team performance. We contrast two specific team processes (interpersonal conflict management and back up and helping) and argue for their relative importance depending on the level of functional diversity in healthcare teams. Data from 75 hospital teams support our differential predictions that interpersonal conflict management is a particularly important team process for reducing role conflict and improving team performance for teams with high functional diversity, whereas for teams with low functional diversity, back up and helping is a more important team process. These results have important implications for the management of functionally diverse healthcare teams. By identifying the relative importance of team processes, these results provide evidence for investing in team processes that enable healthcare teams to reap the rewards of functional diversity.
Examining the Indirect Effects of Perceived Organizational Support for Teamwork Training on Acute Health Care Team Productivity and Innovation: The Role of Shared Objectives
Authors: Lyubovnikova Joanne , West Thomas H. R. , Dawson Jeremy F. , West Michael A.
Published: April 2018

This study examines the relationship between a specific type of team climate for perceived organizational support, team perceived organizational support for teamwork training (team POS-TT), and its effects on the productivity and innovation of acute health care teams. Drawing on organizational support theory, we examine how this relationship emerges via the mediating mechanism of shared objectives. Using survey data from 88 teams based in 13 health care organizations across the United Kingdom, we found support for the indirect effects of team POS-TT via shared objectives, but not for the direct effect of team POS-TT, thus indicating a mediated relationship with team productivity and innovation. As predicted, through the satisfaction of important esteem and affiliation needs of team members, team POS-TT compelled teams to engage in the process of generating shared objectives, which, in turn, positively predicted team productivity and innovation. These findings contribute to the scant literature on perceived organizational support (POS) as a form of team climate, and respond to recent calls to consider different types of POS by focusing on perceived support for teamwork training, an area which has particular relevance in the context of health care. Furthermore, the study serves to extend understanding regarding exactly how team POS-TT affects team outcomes via the specific process of shared objectives. We conclude with a discussion of these contributions to the literature and delineate several practical implications for leaders and managers in health care organizations.
From Sustainability to Integrated Reporting: The Legitimizing Role of the CSR Manager
Authors: Argento Daniela , Culasso Francesca , Truant Elisa
Published: April 2018

This article aims to explore how an individual actor, embodying the role of the institutional entrepreneur, legitimizes new corporate reporting practices. This study is based on a longitudinal and explanatory case study of an Italian listed public utility, operating in the electricity sector, which has recently implemented Integrated Reporting. Findings were analysed through the lens of institutional entrepreneurship, revealing that Integrated Reporting can be implemented through the legitimizing activities carried out by the corporate social responsibility manager. This organizational professional, with strong competences and intrinsic engagement, efficiently uses available resources and gains support from various organizational groups through intense networking. A substantial change in corporate reporting practices can influence the position of the institutional entrepreneur who originally triggered the change process. The institutional entrepreneur first moves from the periphery to the centre of the organization and then shares such central role with other organizational professionals once the change has been implemented.
Radical Responses: Architects and Architecture in Urban Development as a Response to Violence in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Dolan Martin
Published: April 2018

This study looks at the innovative urban regeneration now known as “social urbanism” seen in Medellín, Colombia, with a specific focus on how architects and architectural processes were utilized in urban development approaches by the mayors in their innovative responses to tackling the socioeconomic problems in marginalized areas of the city that was declared the most violent city in the world in 1991. It serves as a discourse on the role of professional groups, in this case, architects, and the role of inclusive design process in conflict transformation by building on the literature relating to peace building and urban regeneration and uses primary qualitative research and secondary quantitative research and reports, offering personal perceptions of the responses adopted. The findings show the influence of the mayors’ policies on the way that architects now operate and also on how these architects were used to imbue a philosophy and mentality of inclusive design that permeates the city. The greatest innovations that came out of the responses were the adoption of collaborative approaches, building on community strengths and the development of a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to design that increased social, human, and physical capital and contributed to increasing the legitimacy of the state.
Spatial Realism Through the Lens of Cinematic History: A Framework for Space Evaluation in Academic Libraries
Authors: Block Courtney M.
Published: April 2018

This essay attempts to combine the concept of spatial realism, which is revealed through an analysis of historical cinematic techniques, with a framework for studying the efficacy of physical spaces in the academic library. This framework will help librarians gain a better understanding of the user experiences happening in the library. Furthermore, analyzing space and user experience through this holistic framework can help ensure that decisions regarding redesign will be as efficacious as possible. In a rapidly shifting information environment, the spatial realism framework can assist librarians concerned with measuring spatial efficacy and user experience when they are otherwise unsure of how to start such an analysis.
The Influences and Importance of the UNESCO World Heritage List: The Case of Plaošnik, Ohrid
Authors: Milojković Aleksandar , Brzaković Milan , Nikolić Marko
Published: April 2018

The World Heritage List was created as a result of the need to protect and conserve cultural and natural heritage. The Ohrid region is one of only 28 sites on UNESCO’s World Heritage List that are both cultural and natural sites. Ohrid is one of the oldest human settlements in Europe, boasting exquisite medieval religious architecture, as well as urban architecture from the 18th and 19th centuries. The site of Plaošnik is a large archaeological and historic location in Ohrid’s old town that witnessed all cultural eras from prehistory to Ottoman, but most importantly it was the location of the oldest Slavic monastery and the first Slavic University in the Balkans. In 2007, the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Macedonia prepared a controversial plan of activities for the instauration of St. Clement’s University at Plaošnik. The main interest of this study is the position of cultural heritage in the evolution of a town, and the treatment of heritage in this process, shown through the case of Plaošnik; it focuses on the influence of pressure for (re)development projects on the key elements of an area recognized by the World Heritage List, as well as the influence of the World Heritage List, as an international legal instrument, on the preservation of these features.