bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unmet Needs in Pain Management in Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery
Authors: Redondo-Enríquez Juan Manuel , Rivas-Medina María , Galán-Mateos Manuel María
Published: August 2024

Perioperative acute pain management in pediatric patients is essential to reduce complications. Adenoidectomy-Tonsillectomy are surgical procedures requiring pain control, and risk minimization for postoperative bleeding, nausea, and vomiting. Despite their known secondary effects, the use of opioid analgesics remains preponderant in pediatric perioperative management. We present an updated review on perioperative pain management in children and describe the development and implementation of a multimodal analgesia protocol aimed to improve patients’ pain management while consistently reducing opioids use. Information from relevant articles was summarized, then compared to our clinical needs. Learnings were used to create and implement a multimodal analgesia protocol to be used in patients 3-9 years-old undergoing adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy. Analgesic strategies have emerged to reduce or avoid the use of opioids. Among these strategies, combining different non-opioid analgesics (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Metamizole) has been shown to be an effective and safe pharmacological strategy when implemented as part of postoperative multimodal analgesia protocols. Significant evidence associating the use of NSAIDs with a bigger risk of postoperative bleeding does not exist. Multimodal and preventive analgesia has shown to provide significantly more effective analgesia than some opioid regimens. Ibuprofen offers highly effective analgesia for postoperative pain, particularly when combined with acetaminophen.
Identification of Petit Vert Leaf-Derived Sinapic Acid Derivatives and Their Enhancement of Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Murine Myoblasts
Authors: Yamada Shizuo , Warashina Tsutomu , Shirota Osamu , Kato Yoshihisa , Fukuda Toshiyuki
Published: August 2024

Petit vert (scientific name: Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC. × Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC.) is a new variety of vegetable created by crossbreeding kale and brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea species). The present study aimed to identify biologically active compounds in extracts of the outer leaves of Petit vert by purification and to examine their biological activities. Dried and powdered outer leaves of Petit vert were extracted, fractionated, and purified to isolate active compounds. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometries were performed to elucidate the structures of five compounds (1‒5). The compounds isolated from Petit vert leaves were glycosides that contained kaempferol, quercetin (flavonol), or sinapinic acid (phenylpropanoid).　Glucose uptake in cultured C2C12 murine myoblasts in the absence of insulin was significantly increased by these compounds, kaempferol, sinapic acid, and ferulic acid, while that in the presence of insulin was also significantly increased by compounds 3 and 4, kaempferol, and sinapic acid. The present study reports for the first time the isolation of five compounds containing sinapic acid from the outer leaves of Petit vert and their stimulation of glucose uptake in cultured C2C12 murine myoblasts. The results obtained herein suggest the potential of these compounds to effectively attenuate hyperglycemia and maintain muscle strength by promoting glucose metabolism in muscle cells.
3D Printed K-band Radar Stealth Lightweight Material with Lotus Leaf Structure
Authors: Liu Chuangji , Xu Yingjie , Huang Beiqing , Zhang Wan , Wang Yuxin
Published: August 2024

K-band radar waves have high penetration and low attenuation coefficients. However, the wavelength of this radar wave is relatively short; thus, designing and preparing both broadband and wide-angle radar wave absorbers in this band presents considerable challenges. In this study, a resin-based K-band radar wave absorber with a biomimetic lotus leaf structure was designed and formed by UV curing. Here, microscale lotus leaf papillae and antireflection structures were prepared using a DLP 3D printer, and the contact angle between the material and water droplets was increased from 56° to 130°. In addition, the influence of the geometric parameters of the lotus leaf antireflection structure on the electromagnetic absorption performance and mechanical strength was investigated. After simulation optimization, the maximum electromagnetic loss of the lotus leaf structure 3D printed sample was −32.3 dB, and the electromagnetic loss was below −10 dB in the 20.8–26.5 GHz frequency range. When the radar incidence angle was 60°, the maximum electromagnetic loss was still less than −10 dB. The designed lotus leaf structure has a higher mechanical energy absorption per unit volume (337.22 KJ/m3) and per unit mass (0.55 KJ/Kg) than commonly used honeycomb lightweight structures during the elastic deformation stage, and we expect that the designed structure can be used as an effective lightweight material for K-band radar stealth.
The Integral Nature of the Scientific Enterprise
Authors: Jeynes Chris , Parker Michael C.
Published: August 2024

Science seeks to explicate truths about our reality. But what is truth? How do we know things? Given our ignorance, and our fallibility, why should scientists be trusted?
A theory of knowledge that addresses these human questions is sketched, in conversation with recent advances in thermodynamics which underline the seminal importance of unity by demonstrating (i) a definite physical meaning of the idea of “unitary entity”, (ii) the commensurability of the local and the non-local (resolving the Loschmidt Paradox), and (iii) the applicability of this entropic physics to entities at all scales, whether small (“quantum mechanical”) or large (subject to “general relativity”). Similarly, integrity is indispensable to the scientific enterprise, whether at the level of the mathematico-physical, the practising scientist, the scientific community, or the public.
As a human activity aimed at touching reality, it is fundamental that the scientific enterprise necessarily also has an irreducibly poetic component. Although in principle it cannot be completely specified, this enterprise is a cluster of procedures designed to increase our understanding of the natural world. Our apprehension of knowledge is irreducibly personal, depending both on our own individual integrity as well as on the integrity of the scientific community.
Believing that “reality” exists and can be grasped (however incompletely), scientists look for coherence and value unified accounts. Strictly speaking, although reality can be known truly (if only in part) the idea of “objective” knowledge is an oxymoron, even if such an idea is often a useful approximation. Knowledge is necessarily personal.
Improved Gaussian Filter Deep Learning Based General Adversarial Network Artificial Humming Bird Optimization Classifier for Hand Written Personality Prediction
Authors: B S PUTTASWAMY , N Thillaiarasu
Published: August 2024

Deep learning-based handwriting personality prediction uses neural networks (CNNs) to consider and predict personality characters from handwritten text to improve applications such as adaptive technology and automated data access. This method requires high computational resources and widely classified data, and its accuracy may suffer from signature variation and overfitting. This study introduces a novel optimizeddeep learning for Hand Written Personality Prediction. First the input data is collected from givendataset and an enhanced Gaussian filter is used in pre-processing to improve image quality by reducing noise and increasing contrast.After pre-processing, features are extracted by PCA-based normalized GIST, which standardizes the features to improve image representation.These extracted features are generated using an adaptive horse herd optimization algorithm to select the most important features. Based on selected features Improved Generative Adversarial Networks with artificial hummingbird optimization (IGAN_AHb) enables fast and efficient convergence of GANs. This reduce the mode collapse and ensures training with consistently fine-tuned parameters.The selected features are considered by characters such as openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, and finally classified using the IGAN_AHb classifier. In the result section, the proposed model is compared with various models with the matrix precision, recall, F1-score. The proposed model attained the value of 97.3% of precision and a recall rate of 96%, respectively. By comparing with other models, the proposed model attained highest values.
Enhancing Performance of Nanocrystalline SnO2 by Photonic Curing Using Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Slimani Moulay Ahmed , Cloutier Sylvain G. , Izquierdo Ricardo
Published: August 2024

Wide-bandgap tin oxide (SnO2) thin-films are frequently used as an electron-transporting layers in perovskite solar cells due to superior thermal and environmental stabilities. However, its crystallization by conventional thermal methods requires typical temperatures between 300 and 900 ◦C [1] with up-to 60 min crystallization times. These post-processing conditions severely limit the choice of substrates and reduce the large-scale manufacturing capabilities. This work describes the intense pulsed light-induced crystallization of SnO2 thin films using only 500 μs of exposure time. Thin-film properties are investigated using both impedance spectroscopy and photoconductivity characteristic measurements. Nyquist plot analysis establishes that the process parameters have a significant impact on the electronic and ionic behaviors of the SnO2 films. Most importantly, we demonstrate that light-induced crystallization yields improved topography and excellent electrical properties through enhanced charge transfer, improved interfacial morphology and better ohmic contacts compared to thermally-annealed SnO2 films.
Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Individuals with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Dan , Yu Liyan , Wu Xian , Moreira Julia , Mujica Benjamin Felipe , Mukhopadhyay Elora Shelly , Novotney Angelena , Rietman André B. , Hou Yang
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: The disparities in internalizing and externalizing symptoms between individuals with versus without neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are poorly understood, based on mixed evidence in the literature. The current meta-analysis aimed to synthesize existing findings on the topic and explore moderators of the group disparities. Method: Electronic databases were searched from inception to March 26th 2024, which identified 59 eligible studies (N of NF1 = 3,182, mean ages 2.38 to 46.4 years). The primary outcome was differences in internalizing and externalizing symptoms between individuals with and without NF1. Data were analyzed using robust variance estimation and random-effects models. Results: Compared with unaffected controls, individuals with NF1 showed more severe depressive (k = 21; g = 0.43; 95% CI [0.21, 0.65]), anxiety (k = 24; g = 0.27; 95% CI [0.01, 0.54]), somatic (k = 27; g = 0.56; 95% CI [0.30, 0.83]), total internalizing (k = 75; g = 0.50; 95% CI [0.33, 0.67]), aggression (k = 33; g = 0.33; 95% CI [0.08, 0.58]), delinquency, (k = 37; g = 0.43; 95% CI [0.26, 0.60]), and total externalizing symptoms (k = 47; g = 0.24; 95% CI [0.13, 0.35]). Studies that included more participants with NF1 who had ADHD or a lower verbal IQ reported greater group disparities in total internalizing symptoms or aggression. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of including psychosocial needs in monitoring and treating NF1. Future research should identify predictors of internalizing and externalizing symptoms within the NF1 population to inform our knowledge and intervention development.
The Role of Douglasectomy Instead of Random Biopsies in the Surgical Treatment of Presumed FIGO Stage I Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Tsolakidis Dimitrios , Zouzoulas Dimitrios , Tzitzis Panagiotis , Sofianou Iliana , Theodoulidis Vasilis , Chatzistamatiou Kimon , Karalis Tilemachos , Topalidou Maria , Timotheadou Eleni , Grimbizis Grigoris
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Douglasectomy is defined as the removal of the pelvic peritoneum of the entire pouch of Douglas. In presumed FIGO Stage I ovarian cancer isolated microscopic cancer cells might disseminate from the ovaries to their neighboring pelvic peritoneum. However, simple hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and a staging procedure is the standard of care. This study aims to investigate the safety and feasibility of douglasectomy, compared to random pelvic biopsies, and its on the survival of patients with early ovarian cancer; Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with presumed FIGO Stage I ovarian cancer that underwent surgery in the 1st Department of Obstetrics – Gynecology Clinic from 2012 – 2022. Patient characteristics, oncological and follow-up information were collected.; Results: 88 patients were categorized into two groups: Group A (27 patients) with douglasectomy and Group B (61 patients) with random biopsies. There was no statistically significant difference in age, BMI, comorbidities, intraoperative blood loss and ICU admittance between the two groups. On the other hand, patients with en-block hysterectomy-douglasectomy had a statistically significant higher pre-operative CA-125 values, surgery duration, rate of postoperative complications and hospital stay. Concerning survival rates, there was a statistically significant difference in dis-ease-free survival (p=0.033), but no difference was observed in overall survival (p=0.66); Conclu-sions: En-block removal of the pelvic peritoneum of the entire pouch of Douglas with the uterus is a safe and feasible technique during surgery for early ovarian cancer, which leads to improved disease-free survival and local control.
From Bioink to Tissue: Exploring Chitosan-Agarose Composite in the Context of Printability and Cellular Behaviour
Authors: Mania Szymon , Banach-Kopeć Adrianna , Maciejewska Natalia , Czerwiec Katarzyna , Słonimska Paulina , Deptuła Milena , Baczyński-Keller Jakub , Pikuła Michał , Sachadyn Paweł , Tylingo Robert
Published: August 2024

This study presents an innovative method for producing thermosensitive bio-ink from chitosan hydrogels saturated with carbon dioxide and agarose. It focuses on a detailed characterization of their physicochemical properties and potential applications in biomedicine and tissue engineering. The ORO test approved rapid regeneration of the three-dimensional structure of chitosan-agarose composites in the unidirectional bench press simulation test. The diffusion of dyes through chitosan-agarose hydrogel membranes strongly depended on the share of both polymers in the composite and the molecular weight of the dyes. Glucose, as a nutrient marker, also diffused through all membranes regardless of composition. Biocompatibility assessment using MTT tests on 46BR.1N fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes confirmed the safety of the bioink. The regenerative potential of the bioink was confirmed by efficient cell migration, especially HaCaT. Long-term viability studies showed that chitosan-agarose scaffolds, unlike the agarose ones, support cell proliferation and survival, especially 14 days after bioink extrusion. Experiments in a skin wound model in mice confirmed the biocompatibility of tested dressing and the beneficial action of chitosan on healing. Studies on vessel formation in chicken embryos highlight the potential of the chitosan-agarose composition for enhancing proangiogenic effects. This composition meets all entry criteria and possesses excellent biological properties.
Bridging the Gap: Public Perception and Acceptance of Hydrogen Technology in the Philippines
Authors: Palanca Alvin Garcia , Chao Cherry Lyn V , Yap Kristian July R. , de Leon Rizalinda L.
Published: August 2024

The study examines the effects of transitioning to hydrogen production in the National Capital Region (NCR) and Palawan Province, Philippines, focusing on technology, environment, and stakeholder impact. The research, conducted through a July 2022 survey, aimed to assess public awareness, knowledge, risk perception, and acceptance of hydrogen and its environmentally friendly variant, green hydrogen, infrastructure. Disparities were found between urban NCR and rural Palawan, with lower awareness in Palawan. Safety concerns were highlighted, with NCR respondents generally considering hydrogen production safe, while Palawan respondents had mixed feelings, particularly regarding nuclear-based hydrogen generation. The report emphasizes the potential ecological advantages of hydrogen technology but highlights potential issues concerning water usage and land impacts. It suggests targeted public awareness campaigns, robust safety assurance programs, regional pilot projects, and integrated environmental plans to facilitate the seamless integration of hydrogen technology into the Philippines' energy portfolio. This collective effort aims to help the country meet climate action obligations, foster sustainable development, and enhance energy resilience.
How the Music Machine Makes Myths Real: AI, Holograms, and Ashley Eternal
Authors: Kennedy Victor Robert
Published: August 2024

Since ancient times, music has been instrumental in giving life to the stories we build our identities and cultures around. Music perpetuates myth by storytelling, retelling and updating old stories, and creating new ones. Many musicals, such as The Phantom of the Opera, Les Miserables, Wicked, and Hamilton, have been based on novels or epic poems. I will examine adaptations on a smaller scale, of rock songs based on novels, poems, and/or myths, and look at how, in our time, music creates myth by creating its own heroes and heroines through capital and the star system. In traditional literary and cultural analysis, a distinction was drawn between the natural and the supernatural when discussing literary mythology (Frye, 1957); in the twentieth century, an equivalent distinction was made in works of art that, in Baudrillard’s terminology, make use of the realms of the real and the “hyperreal” (1981). In today’s mythmaking, the supernatural has been largely replaced by the technological, and recent developments blur the line between science fiction and fantasy; tech has become megalotech. Examples can be seen in a number of recent and current songs, as well as films and television shows about music, musicians, and the music business.
The Journey of Genome Sequencing
Authors: Annapureddy Pravalika , Gupta Vandana , Kumar Gulshan
Published: August 2024

A genome represents the complete collection of genetic material in an organism or cell. This genetic information is encoded in nucleic acids, which can be either single or double-stranded and arranged in linear or circular forms. DNA, the most common type of genetic material, consists of just four nucleotides: adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. These nucleotides are organized in a double helix structure, a discovery made by Watson and Crick. The sequence of these nucleotides forms the basic blueprint of a gene or genome. The process of determining this sequence is known as genome sequencing. The field of genome sequencing has evolved dramatically over time, advancing from sequencing short DNA fragments to analyzing millions of base pairs. Initially, efforts were focused on determining the sequence of individual genes, but now whole genome sequencing is both rapid and widely accessible. Recent improvements in sequencing technology emphasize faster, more accurate results, lower costs, and better data analysis. Sanger sequencing, which became the gold standard for DNA sequencing for about thirty years, was instrumental in completing various genome sequences, including the human genome. It laid the groundwork for newer sequencing methods. Today, these newer methods, known collectively as “Next-Generation Sequencing” (NGS), include several generations of technology. Second-generation methods, such as Illumina, Pyrosequencing, ABI/SOLiD, and Ion Torrent Sequencing, and third-generation methods like PacBio and Helicos Sequencing, have advanced the field further. Fourth-generation technology, such as Nanopore sequencing, is also emerging. Most modern research now relies on NGS for analyzing biological sequences, and understanding these technologies offers insight into current methods and future developments.
Surfactant-Assisted Binder-Free NiCo2S4 with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Aqueous Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Amedzo-Adore Mawuse , Han Jeong In
Published: August 2024

Until now, crystalline NiCo2S4 and its composites have demonstrated improve performances in supercapacitor applications, compared to their oxide analogous, due to their relatively higher electrical conductivity, and multifaceted redox reaction. However, amorphous phase materials have recently shown promise in electrochemical energy storage systems. In this work, urea-assisted amorphous NiCo2S4 on nickel foam (referred to as aNCS) with high nitrogen atom% content, was obtained via hydrothermal method. In comparison to the crystalline NiCo2S4 (referred to as cNCS), aNCS exhibited superior electrochemical performance with specific capacitance of ~3506 F g-1 which is higher than cNCS specific capacitance of ~2185 F g-1 at 2 A g-1. Additionally, aNCS in two-electrode asymmetry supercapacitor exhibited specific capacitance and energy density of ~196 F g-1 and 56 Wh kg-1, respectively.
A Preliminary Experimental Study on Biodegradation of 3D Printed Samples from Biomass-Fungi Composite Materials
Authors: Akib Yeasir Mohammad , Bedsole Caleb Oliver , Rahman Al Mazedur , Hamilton Jillian , Khan Fahim , Pei Zhijian , Shaw Brian D. , Ufodike Chukwuzubelu Okenwa
Published: August 2024

Products made from petroleum-derived plastic materials are linked to many environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions and plastic pollution. It is desirable to manufacture products from environmentally friendly materials instead of petroleum-based plastic materials. Products made from biomass-fungi composite materials are biodegradable and can be utilized for packaging, construction, and furniture. In biomass-fungi composite materials, biomass particles (derived from agricultural wastes) serve as the substrate and the fungal hyphae network binds the biomass particles together. There are many reported studies on 3D printing of biomass-fungi composite materials. However, there are no reported studies on biodegradation of 3D printed samples from biomass-fungi composite materials. In this study, two types of biomass materials were used to prepare printable mixture hemp hurd and beechwood sawdust. The fungi strain used was Trametes versicolor. Extrusion based 3D printing was used to print samples. 3D printed samples were left for five days to allow fungi to grow. The samples were then dried in an oven for 4 hours at 120ºC to kill all the fungi in the samples. The samples were buried in the soil using a mesh bag and kept in an environmental chamber at 25℃ with a relative humidity of 48%. The weight of these samples was measured every week over the period of three months. Both types of samples (prepared from beechwood sawdust and hemp hurd, respectively) showed weight change after three months. Furthermore, the samples made from hemp hurd had more weight change than the samples made from beechwood sawdust. The SEM (scanning electron microscope) micrographs and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy showed evidence of biodegradation of these samples.
The Threat of Foreign Tilapia Species to the Ghanaian Aquaculture Industry
Authors: Duodu Samuel , Ayiku Angela N.A. , Attu Gifty Anane-Taabeah , Cudjoe Kofitsyo S.
Published: August 2024

The Akosombo Nile tilapia is the only approved local strain for aquaculture production in Ghana. In this study, an exotic red tilapia sample suspected to be cultured in a fish farm within the Lower Volta River Basin of the Lake Volta was collected for species identification. A molecular screening using DNA barcoding sequencing was performed on the samples targeting the cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene (COX1). We confirmed the identity of the red tilapia fish to be a non-native Oreochromis sp. recently introduced into the country. The data obtained clearly demonstrates a breach of biosecurity that potentially threatens Ghana’s native tilapia genetic resources and aquaculture development.
Immunogenicity Persistence of Different Immunization Regimens of Rabies Vaccine in the 10–60 Years Age Group: a Follow-up Report Based on Phase III Clinical Trial
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Wu Zhiang , Li Jia , Cao Shouchun , Shi Leitai , Zhao Danhua , Mo Zhaojun , Liang Haiyan , Wu Xiaohong
Published: August 2024

We evaluated the immunogenicity persistence of different immunization regimens of freeze-dried human rabies vaccine (Vero cells) in the 10–60 years age group of the Chinese population. Based on phase III clinical trials of Vero cells, participants who completed the full course of immunization were continuously enrolled in four-dose trial, five-dose, and five-dose control groups. Venous blood samples were collected 12 months after completion of the full immunization for rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (RVNA) testing, and the antibody-positive rate and geometric mean concentration (GMC) were calculated. Analysis of variance was used to compare three groups. The four-dose trial, five-dose trial, and five-dose control groups included 200, 186, and 214 participants, respectively. Twelve months after full immunization, the overall RVNA-positive rates were 97.00%, 93.55%, and 94.86% in the four-dose trial, five-dose control, and five-dose trial groups, respectively. The post-immunization RVNA GMCs values were 2.50, 2.05, and 2.04 IU/mL, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between them. Twelve months after full immunization, the overall RVNA-positive rate remained high, demonstrating satisfactory immunogenicity persistence for both immunization regimens.
Perched Hydrologic Systems of the Monahans and the Kermit Dune Fields, Northern Chihuahuan Desert West Texas, USA
Authors: Fournier Alix , Forman Steven L. , Mayhack Connor , Money Griffin
Published: August 2024

This study highlights the importance of quantifying groundwater resources for the Monahans and Kermit dune fields in the northern Chihuahua Desert, West Texas USA as potential contributors to the regional Pecos Valley Aquifer (PVA). Sedimentary architecture models of these dune fields show perched aquifers with water tables 1-10m below the surface and southwestward groundwater flow sub-parallel to a Pleistocene/Pliocene aquitard. Sinkhole-like features into the top of the aquitard are infilled with the thickest occurrences of aeolian sand. Groundwater recharge occurs from the enhanced capture of precipitation on mostly bare active dunes where infiltration rates >250mm/hr. The deuterium and oxygen isotopic ratios for groundwater from the Kermit and Monahans dune fields show pronounced evaporative isotopic depletion and less isotopic variability than corresponding rainfall, particularly for deuterium values. Groundwater from a shallow central well in the Kermit dune field yielded contemporary 14C activity (Fm =1.02), indicating contributions from recent precipitation. In contrast, more evolved 14C values at the western margin (FM=0.84) and at 30m below the surface (FM=0.76), similar to proximal Fm values from the PVA (0.89-0.82), may indicate dissolution of older (> 100 ka) DIC from buried playa-lake sediments and carbonate-soils with groundwater flux to the southwest, and less direct atmospheric influence. The perched aquifers of the Monahans and Kermit dune fields contain water volumes > 0.1 km3 and may contribute up to 9% of the total annual recharge to the PVA.
Biochemical Characterization of Escherichia coli FtsZ Protein Using Native 1 PAGE, Size-Exclusion Chromatography, Sedimentation Gradient, Chemical 2 Cross-Linking and Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction
Authors: Araujo Nelson , Veloso Marcelo , Pouchucq Luis
Published: August 2024

FtsZ is a bacterial protein that plays a crucial role in cytokinesis by forming the Z-ring. This ring acts as a scaffold to recruit other division proteins and guide the synthesis of septal peptidoglycan, which leads to cell constriction. In its native state, the FtsZ protein from Escherichia coli (EcFtsZ) exists as a multi-oligomer comprising dimers, trimers, tetramers, and hexamers in dynamic equilibrium of self-association and dissociation is dependent on protein concentration. This study employed classical biochemical techniques, including native PAGE, size-exclusion chromatography, sucrose gradient, and chemical cross-linking with formaldehyde, to characterize the trimeric state of EcFtsZ. The results of size-exclusion chromatography demonstrate that the trimer of EcFtsZ has a mass of 131 kDa and an experimental friction quotient (Rs/Rmin) of 1.9, which is very similar to the theoretical friction quotient (fn/f1) of 1.8 for a linear trimer. Cross-linking EcFtsZ with formaldehyde resulted in the occurrence of a polypeptide band of 128 kDa, which was recognized by anti-FtsZ antibodies. The result of the sedimentation of EcFtsZ cross-linking with formaldehyde returned a value (Smax/S20,w) equal to 1.9. This experimental value was found to be equal to the theoretical calculation of the sedimentation quotient (Sn/S1) for a lateral trimer. These findings indicate that at micromolar concentrations, the EcFtsZ trimer may assume a linear or lateral structure in the protein. Finally, the protein-protein interaction prediction program (PEPPI) indicated the potential for EcFtsZ to form two protein-protein contacts in its C-terminal domain, which may be involved in trimer formation.
Mechanistic Insights on Microbiota-Mediated Development and Progression of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Moe Kyaw Thu , Tan Kevin Shyong Wei
Published: August 2024

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its two major types, esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) present a severe global public health problem with an increasing incidence and mortality. Established risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits, but recent research highlights the substantial role of oral microbiota in EC pathogenesis. This review explores the intricate relationship between microbiome and esophageal carcinogenesis, focusing on eight significant mechanisms: chronic inflammation, microbial dysbiosis, production of carcinogenic metabolites, direct interaction with epithelial cells, epigenetic modifications, interaction with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), metabolic changes, and angiogenesis. Certain harmful bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are specifically implicated in sustaining irritation and tumor progression through pathways including NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, the review explores how microbial byproducts, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), contribute to DNA harm and disease advancement. Furthermore, the impact of reflux on microbiota composition and its role in esophageal carcinogenesis is evaluated. By combining epidemiological data with mechanistic understanding, this review underscores the potential to target microbiota-immune system interplay for novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to prevent and treat esophageal cancer.
Occurrence and Distribution of Major Cassava Pests and Diseases in Western Kenya
Authors: Wosula Everlyne N. , Shirima Rudolph R. , Amour Massoud , Woyengo Vincent W. , Otunga Boniface M. , Legg James P.
Published: August 2024

Field surveys were conducted in October 2022 and March 2023 (60 fields each year) to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD), whitefly numbers and incidence of cassava green mite (CGM) in six counties of western Kenya. A total of 29 varieties were recorded out of which 13 (45%) were improved. The improved varieties were present in 62% of the 120 fields sampled with the most predominant MM96/4271 found in 36% of the fields. There was more CMD infection in 2022 with a prevalence of 68%, incidence of 26.4% and severity score of 2.7, while in 2023 these parameters were 60%, 10.1% and 3.0 respectively. CMD incidence attributed to planting infected cuttings was 20.1% in 2022 but dropped to 4.3% in 2023 while for whitefly-borne infection incidence remained 4.4% for both years. CMD incidence was significantly lower (5.9%) for improved varieties than it was for local varieties (35.9%) in contrast to CBSD incidence which did not differ significantly between improved (2.3%) and local varieties (9.7%). However, the improved variety MM96/4271 was among the varieties most affected by CBSD, with an incidence of 6.3%. Overall, CBSD in 2022 had a prevalence of 20%, incidence of 6.4% and severity of 2.7, while in 2023 these parameters were 12%, 4.1% and 2.7 re-spectively. Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) were both detected. Most infections were single CBSV infections (82.9%), followed by single UCBSV (34.3%) and coinfection with both viruses (16.7%). Whiteflies were more abundant in 2023, in which 28% of the fields had super-abundant populations of >100/plant, compared to 5% in 2022. Molecular characterization based on mtCOI sequencing identified the whiteflies as Bemisia tabaci. KASP SNP genotyping designated 92.8% of the specimens as SSA-ECA for 2022 while it was 94.4% for 2023, compared to 72% for an earlier sample collection in western Kenya in 2017. CGM prev-alence was 95% with a severity of 2.7 in both years, but incidence was lower in 2022 (65.4%) compared to 2023 (79.9%). This study demonstrates that the majority of farmers are cultivating improved varieties, although cassava viruses, whiteflies and cassava green mites are still a threat. There is a need to develop and deploy integrated management strategies against these pests which will include components of resistant varieties, clean seed and control of whiteflies and CGM.
Sex-Biased Associations of Circulating Ferroptosis Inhibitors with Reduced Lipid Peroxidation and Better Neurocognitive Performance in People with HIV
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Alluri Ravi Kumar , Wu Kunling , Kalayjian Robert C , Bush William S , Palella Frank J , Koletar Susan L , Hileman Corrilynn O , Erlandson Kristine M , Ellis Ronald J , Bedimo Roger J , Taiwo Babafemi O , Tassiopoulos Katherine K , Kallianpur Asha R
Published: August 2024

Ferroptosis is implicated in viral neuropathogenesis and may underlie HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI). Emerging data also suggest differences in brain iron transport by sex. We hypothesized that circulating ferritins that inhibit ferroptosis associate with neurocognitive function and NCI in people with HIV (PWH) in a sex-biased manner. Serum ferritin heavy-chain-1 (Fth-1), ferritin light-chain (Ftl), and urinary F2-isoprostanes (uF2-isoPs, specific lipid peroxidation marker) were quantified in 324 PWH (including 61 women) with serial global (NPZ4) and domain-specific neurocognitive testing. Biomarker associations with neurocognitive test scores and NCI were evaluated by multivariable regression; correlations with uF2-isoPs were also assessed. Higher Ftl and Fth-1 associated with less NCI in all PWH (adjusted odds ratios 0.53, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 0.36-0.79 and 0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.97, respectively). In women, higher Ftl and Fth-1 associated with better NPZ-4 (Ftl: adjusted beta (β)=0.15, 95% CI 0.02-0.29; Ftl-by-sex βinteraction=0.32, p=0.047) and domain-specific neurocognitive test scores. Effects on neurocognitive performance persisted for up to 5 years. Levels of both ferritins correlated inversely with uF2-isoPs in women (Ftl: rho=-0.47, p<0.001). Circulating Ftl and Fth-1 exert sustained, sex-biased neuroprotective effects in PWH, possibly by protecting against iron-mediated lipid peroxidation (ferroptosis). Larger studies are needed to confirm the observed sex differences and further delineate underlying mechanisms.
DIAMOnD Genes Expression in Human Macrophages Infected with Leishmania major
Authors: Caixeta Felipe , Martins Vinicius Dantas , Figueiredo Amanda Braga , Afonso Luis Carlos Crocco , Tieri Paolo , Castiglione Filippo , Freitas Leandro Martins , Maioli Tatiani
Published: August 2024

Leishmania spp. commonly infects phagocytic cells of the immune system, particularly macrophages, employing various immune evasion strategies that enable their survival by altering the intracellular environment. In mammals, these parasites establish persistent infections by modulating gene expression in macrophages thus interfering with immune signaling and response pathways ultimately creating a favorable environment for the parasite survival and reproduction. In this study, our objective was to use data mining and subsequent filtering techniques to identify the genes that play a crucial role in the infection process of Leishmania spp. We aimed to pinpoint genes that have the potential to influence the progression of Leishmania infection. To achieve this, we exploited prior, curated knowledge from major databases and constructed 16 datasets of human molecular information consisting of coding genes and corresponding proteins. We obtained over 400 proteins, identifying approximately 200 genes. The proteins coded by these genes were subsequently used to build a network of protein-protein interactions, which enabled the identification of key players. Approximately 10% of these genes were then selected for biological validation. THP-1 cells, a line of human macrophages, were infected with L. major in vitro for the validation process. We observed that L. major has the capacity to impact crucial genes involved in the immune response, resulting in macrophage inactivation and creating a conducive environment for the survival of Leishmania parasites
Basic Prototype of Islamic Boarding School Enterprise System
Authors: Saputra Nova Andre , Darmanto Darmanto , Septyanto Kevin Cornelius
Published: August 2024

The impact of Information Technology (IT) on the management of Islamic boarding schools (ponpes) is profound, yet administrative tasks often remain handled through traditional means, leading to inefficiencies. This research aims to address this gap by developing a basic prototype of an Islamic boarding school enterprise system, focusing on optimizing information management across various administrative domains. Employing the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) prototype method, the study progresses through needs analysis, design, prototype construction, evaluation, implementation, and maintenance phases. The prototype system, tested at Darul Atsar Islamic boarding school, demonstrates significant improvements in academic, secretarial, student, financial management, and reporting processes. This study underscores the potential of IT integration to streamline routine tasks and enhance decision-making in Islamic educational institutions, contributing to broader discussions on educational technology adoption and management optimization.
Highlights: 

Administrative efficiency: Enterprise system streamlines tasks across academic, secretarial, student, and financial domains.
Data-driven decision-making: Prototype system empowers administrators with comprehensive reporting for strategic planning.
Technological integration: IT solutions address traditional challenges, enhancing management practices.

Keywords : Boarding School, Enterprise System, Prototype
Makeup as a Form of Self-Representation: Queer Beauty Vlogger
Authors: Loveitha Devi , Febriana Poppy
Published: August 2024

This qualitative research explores makeup as a form of self-representation by queer beauty vlogger Deta Cahyaa. Applying Roland Barthes' semiotic theory, the study focuses on denotation, connotation, and myth concepts. Utilizing additional insights from Stuart Hall's Representation theory, the research employs an intensional approach to understand the nuances of makeup representation by queer beauty vlogger Deta Cahyaa in his YouTube channel. Through observational and documentary methods, the analysis reveals that queer representation in makeup has evolved beyond societal myths, transforming into a professional representation rather than reinforcing traditional stereotypes. The findings, illustrated through videos titled "Tutorial Makeup Dragon Makeup Halloween" and "Serum Foundation Pixy Makeup Going Out," contribute to reshaping perceptions surrounding makeup artists within the queer community. This study sheds light on the broader implications of makeup as a non-gender-bound profession.
Highlights :

Deta Cahyaa's YouTube Channel: Explore makeup representation by queer beauty vlogger Deta Cahyaa.

Semiotic Analysis: Apply Roland Barthes' semiotic theory to dissect denotation, connotation, and myth in makeup representation.

Evolution of Queer Representation: Examine how makeup transcends societal myths, transforming into a professional representation beyond gender stereotypes.

Keywords: Makeup, Queer Representation, Semiotics, Beauty Vlogger, Gender Neutrality
Analysis of School Student Reception on the Application Room as Students' Online Learning Media
Authors: Pratiwi Eka , Rochmaniah Ainur
Published: August 2024

This study aims to investigate the reception of high school students towards the Ruangguru application as an online learning medium. Utilizing a qualitative approach, data collection involved in-depth interviews, observations, and a review of relevant literature, engaging students as participants. The purposive sampling technique determined informants. The findings reveal a hegemonic-dominant position held by 2 informants, indicating their satisfaction with the application, while 8 informants negotiate their position, recognizing the innovative nature of animated content delivery as a solution to monotony. This study sheds light on the diverse perceptions among students, emphasizing the need for adaptive features in online learning platforms.
Highlights :

The study investigates high school students' perceptions of the Ruangguru application as an online learning medium.
Qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and observations, provide insights into students' experiences with the application.
Findings highlight a diversity of responses, with some students endorsing the application's suitability while others negotiate its innovative features as a remedy for boredom.

Keywords: reception, Ruangguru application, online learning, high school students, qualitative research
Cultural Acculturation Among Students from Outside Java: A Study Beyond Java's Borders
Authors: Ilmy Ana Fieka Niswatul , Hariyanto Didik
Published: August 2024

This study explores cultural acculturation among students from outside Java at Muhammadiyah University Sidoarjo (Umsida). Utilizing qualitative methods, including purposive sampling, interviews, and observations, the research reveals swift adaptation in language, accents, habits, and cuisine. While students embrace Javanese culture through interactions and active participation, they maintain their original identity. This research contributes valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics of cultural assimilation within educational contexts, emphasizing the importance of fostering cultural understanding and inclusivity.
Highlights :

Swift Assimilation: Non-Javanese students at Umsida rapidly adapt to local language, accents, habits, and cuisine.

Identity Maintenance: Despite cultural assimilation, students consciously retain aspects of their original identity.

Educational Dynamics: The study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of cultural exchange within the educational setting, emphasizing the need for inclusivity and cultural understanding.

Keywords: Cultural Adaptation, Non-Javanese Students, Umsida, Intercultural Communication, Identity Preservation
The Tuina Acupressure Boosts Toddler Weight
Authors: Normaulida Anggraini Sekarlita , Rinata Evi
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of tuina acupressure on the weight of malnourished toddlers in Jenisgelaran Village, Bareng, Jombang, Indonesia. Using a quasi-experimental design, 22 toddlers were divided into control and treatment groups, with the latter receiving daily tuina acupressure for 15 minutes over one month. Weight changes were measured before and after the intervention. Results showed a significant increase in the weight of toddlers who received tuina acupressure (P = 0.003). These findings suggest that tuina acupressure can effectively enhance weight gain in malnourished toddlers, recommending its integration into health practices by caregivers and healthcare providers.
Highlights:
1. Effective Intervention: Tuina acupressure increased toddler weight significantly (P = 0.003).2. Study Methodology: Quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest on 22 toddlers.3. Practical Application: Recommends tuina acupressure for malnutrition management in toddlers.
Keywords: tuina acupressure, toddler weight gain, malnutrition, quasi-experimental study, Indonesia
Disabled Workers Outperform Non-Disabled Peers in Indonesia
Authors: Praseno Hadi , Kusuma Kumara Adji , Abadiyah Rifdah , Ubaidillah Hasan
Published: August 2024

This study examines the productivity differences between disabled and non-disabled workers at PT. United Pharmatic Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 120 employees in the production department through proportional random sampling and analyzed with SPSS 22. Questionnaires provided quantitative data on employee productivity. Results show no significant difference in productivity levels, with disabled workers having a slightly higher average score (39.59) than non-disabled workers (39.16). The findings suggest that disability does not negatively impact productivity, supporting inclusive hiring practices.
Highlight:
 

No significant productivity difference: Disabled and non-disabled workers show comparable productivity levels.
Higher productivity in disabled workers: Slightly higher average productivity for disabled workers.
Support for inclusive hiring: Findings encourage integrating disabled individuals into the workforce.

 
Keywoard: worker productivity, disabilities, non-disabilities, quantitative research, SPSS
Boosting Productivity through Recruitment, Motivation, and Training in Indonesia
Authors: Amelia Kiki , Indayani Lilik
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of recruitment, work motivation, and job training on employee productivity at PT. Sinar Bima Sakti. Utilizing a quantitative, descriptive approach, data were gathered from 71 employees through accidental sampling and analyzed using SPSS Version 2022. Results show that all three factors positively and significantly influence productivity, explaining 66.1% of its variance. The study suggests that improving recruitment practices, maintaining effective motivation strategies, and optimizing job training can significantly enhance employee productivity.
Highlights:
 
1. Positive Impact: Recruitment, motivation, and training boost employee productivity.
2. Significant Contribution: Factors explain 66.1% of productivity variance.
3. Improvement Needed: Enhance recruitment, maintain motivation, optimize training.
 
Keywords: recruitment, work motivation, job training, employee productivity, quantitative analysis