bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of steroid-producing cells in pink salmon and lamprey fries during gonadal sex differentiation
Authors: Mosyagina Marina , Zelennikov Oleg
Published: May 2020

A comparative study of the first stages of gametogenesis and ultrastructure of steroid-secretory cells in the gonads of juvenile pink salmon and lamprey was performed. In individuals of both species the gonad development is accompanied by natural sex change. It has been shown that increasing of the number and activity of steroid-producing cells in the testes coincides with resorption of previtelligenous oocytes. In the ovaries there is a gradual increase in the activity of steroid-producing cells and change of their localization from stroma towards follicular layers of oocytes. Based on these results we can conclude that the described processes are similar in taxonomically different species. Refs 21. Figs 3. Tables 2.
Laterality of head position at rest in mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) from two distinct northern wintering groups
Authors: Birina Uliana , Malashichev Yegor
Published: May 2020

Motor asymmetries are wide spread among vertebrate and invertebrate animals. More frequently asymmetries in the use of paired appendages and turns of the body in space become the subject of research. Unpaired organs, positioned along the long axis of the body become the subjects of investigation of the functional asymmetries less often. Here we performed a preliminary estimation of populational characteristics of asymmetry in the turn of the head while resting in Mallards (Anas platyrynchos) from two distinct wintering groups. On tracks along the banks of rivers and channels in the center of Saint-Petersburg, Russia, and along the Buksnesfjord at the Vestvagøy island (Lofoten Islands, Norway Sea, Norway), we recorded the position of the head (under the left wing, or under the right wing) in resting birds ones for each individual. Totally we recorded head position in 151 individuals from Saint-Petersburg and in 77 individuals at Vestvagøy. Individuals keeping heads under the right wing were predominant in Saint-Petersburg, while at Vestvagøy the proportion of «left» and «right» individuals did not differ significantly from 1:1. Difference between the populations was significant, while sex differences in both populations were not found. We discuss possible reasons for the differences in population characteristics of asymmetry in the head position («head-under-wing»), particularly conditions of wintering, birds behaviour. We conclude that the study of different wintering groups of mallards can be possibly perspective for estimation of population status by assessment of relative proportion of «left» and «right» birds.
Electrogenesis of end-plates of mdx mice diaphragm: effect of cell therapy
Authors: Timonina Natalya , Kravtsova Violetta , Mikhailova Elena , Sokolova Anastasia , Mikhailov Vyacheslav , Krivoi Igor
Published: May 2020

Disturbances of muscle electrogenesis are observed in a number of muscle pathologies, particularly, they are found in the mdx mice, which are a laboratory model of Duchenne myodystrophy. This myodystrophy develops due to mutations in the gene of the dystrophin protein, which controls the synthesis of this protein in the cytoskeleton. The effectiveness of therapy for such myodystrophy by methods of cellular and genetic engineering has not been studied with regard to the muscle membrane electrogenesis. In this study, two months old mdx mice were irradiated by X-ray at a dose of 3 Gy and injected intravenously by wild type bone marrow cells suspension from long bones of C57Bl/6 mice. Four months after such non-myeloablative bone marrow cells transplantation the recovery of resting membrane potentials as well as parameters of miniature end-plate potentials of mdx mice diaphragm muscle was observed. Our data show the effectiveness of the replacement of the mutant bone marrow with the bone marrow of wild type in myodystrophy caused by the deficiency in dystrophin protein synthesis. Refs 20. Figs 3. Table 1.
The study of barrier characteristics of Peyer’s patches epithelium in rats
Authors: Falchuk Evgeny , Markov Alexander
Published: May 2020

The aim of the study was to investigate the barrier function of Peyer’s patches epithelium, which covers the clusters of organized lymphoid tissues in the small intestinal. We used the Ussing chamber method to determine electrophysiological characteristics of epithelium and Western blot method and immunohistochemistry to investigate expression of tight junction proteins. We revealed that Peyer’s patches epithelium, which is specialized in sampling and transporting of antigen structures, has lower conductance compare to adjacent intestinal villous epithelium, the main function of which is to uptake ions, water and nutrients. On molecular level Peyer’s patch epithelium has lower expression of claudin-2 and claudin-7, which increases the permeability of the intercellular space, and higher expression of claudin-5 and -8, which decreases the paracellular pathway. Immunohistochemistry confirmed localization of claudins in the tight junction complex. We suggest that the restriction of paracellular transport is a prerequisite for the antigen presentation through specialized M-cells in Peyer’s patches epithelium. Refs 29. Figs 4.
The dynamics of heart rate variability measures during mental load in different age groups
Authors: Tumanyan Anush , Tadevosyan Narine , Khachunts Aleksandr , Tadevosyan Ira
Published: May 2020

The features of heart rate variability before, during and after a brief mental load in three age groups (17–21, 22–35 and 36–60 years old) were studied. It is shown that for all groups during the mental load some tension of central regulatory mechanisms of heart is typical. The highest degree of tension is found in subjects from the III group (36–60 years old). In these subjects the recovery of regulatory systems up to the baseline took more time. These changes of regulatory systems that occur in older age group, most probably, are connected with a decrease of adaptive responses and some limitation of functional capabilities. Refs 16. Figs 2. Tables 2.
Problems of the organization and activities of bodies of the Soviet justice in the national regions of the north of the Tyumen Region Tobol District in 1920-1927
Authors: Kodintsev Alexander Ya.
Published: May 2020

This article reveals the history of the formation of the early Soviet justice authorities in the northern regions of Western Siberia and the Urals in the 1920s using archival materials. The activities of the first judges, investigators, bailiffs, and prosecutors show the state policy in introducing the principles of Soviet law in an isolated region of Russia. This paper explains the role of the Soviet justice authorities in strengthening the new government in the isolated regions of the RSFSR. The information provided expands our knowledge about the process of establishing the law enforcement system in Russia.
The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the activities of the Soviet justice authorities in the conditions of the North of Russia in the 1920s. Native justice authorities are not the subject of research in this article. The sources of the research include the documents of the bolshevik, Soviet, and law enforcement agencies stored in the archives of Tyumen, Tobolsk, Yekaterinburg, Omsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, and Surgut. This article has used the system-structural and the comparative analysis methods.
The territorial scope of the study includes two northern districts of the Tyumen Region and five northern areas of the Tobolsk District of the Ural region. The chronological framework is defined by the period in 1920-1927. The first date is the moment of the creation of the first Soviet judicial bodies in the Tyumen province. The second date is related to the beginning of the Cultural Revolution and the transfer of managerial powers to the district courts. This moment starts the rejection of the model of Soviet justice created in 1922.
This study has revealed the inability of the Soviet state to establish a permanent system of repressive organs in the north of the Urals. The management structure, territorial structure, and staff changed with kaleidoscopic speed. Young communists, mobilized to serve in courts and as prosecutors, tried to pursue the Bolshevik policy. Yet the outrageous illiteracy and severe climatic conditions forced them to leave the North, and the party bodies could not stop this process.
Features of support of agriculture (the case of the Tyumen Region)
Authors: Balakhnina Aleksandra G. , Romashkina Gulnara F.
Published: May 2020

This article systematizes the legal framework, forms, and volumes of support for agriculture from the federal budget of Russia and the regional budget (on the example of the Tyumen Region). The authors have performed a detailed analysis of the directions of such support for 2016-2019. The historical, economic and social features of the relationship between the state and agriculture are shown. State support for agriculture is objectively necessary, and competent budget planning makes it possible to develop. However, the dominance of direct forms of spending support does not stimulate cost-effective and innovative activities, which in the future can bring the industry to a competitive level. There is very little and irregular support for social forms, the development of farming and other forms of private farming in rural areas. The authors conclude that the policy of state support is sufficiently provided by legislative acts, resolutions and state programs. Many programs are updated, and new versions are adopted even before the previous ones expire. Such strong volatility hurts strategic projects and agricultural initiatives. Less expensive forms of activity-mediation and trade turn profitable. Living conditions in the villages significantly stay behind in quality and opportunities, which leads to the human capital leaving rural areas. The authors propose to pay more attention to the development of indirect forms of support, to stimulate economic activity and small businesses.
Comparative Proteomics of Commensal and Pathogenic Strains of Escherichia coli
Authors: Singhal Neelja , Sharma Divakar , Kumar Manish , Bisht Deepa , Virdi Jugsharan Singh
Published: May 2020

Background:

Most of the proteomic studies in Escherichia coli have focussed on pathogenic
strains, while very few studies have studied the commensal strains. It is important to study
the commensal strains because under the selective pressure of their habitat, commensal strains
might serve as reservoirs of virulent and pathogenic strains.

Objective:

In this study, we have performed a comparative proteomic analysis of commensal and
pathogenic strains of E. coli isolated from a major river flowing through northern India.

Methods:

Proteins were resolved by two dimensional gel electrophoresis and the differentially expressed
proteins were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight
mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Results:

Many proteins of the commensal strain showed an increased expression compared to the
pathogenic strain, of which seventeen proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Functional
classification of these proteins revealed that they belonged to different functional pathways like energy
metabolism, nucleotide and nucleoside conversions, translation, biosynthesis of amino acids
and motility and energytaxis/chemotaxis.

Conclusion:

As per the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on comparative proteomic
analysis of E. coli commensal and pathogenic strains of aquatic origin. Our results suggest that the
increased production of these proteins might play an important role in adaptation of E. coli to a
commensal/pathogenic lifestyle. However, further experiments are required to understand the precise
role of these proteins in regulating the pathogenicity/commensalism of E. coli.
Transcription/Expression of KLRB1 Gene as A Prognostic Indicator in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Guangwei , Liu Ying , Dong Fajin , Liu Xianming
Published: May 2020

Aim and Objective:

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most prevalent
type of cancer with worldwide distribution and dismal prognosis despite ongoing efforts to
improve treatment options. Therefore, it is essential to determine the prognostic factors for ESCC.

Methods and Results:

We determined KLRB1 to be a prognostic indicator of human ESCC.
KLRB1 was expressed at low levels in ESCC patients. Based on the risk score, patients were
divided into high and low-risk groups. High-risk patients showed a poor survival rate. The
prediction model based on the N stage, sex, and KLRB1 was significantly better than that based on
the N stage and sex. The modified prediction model showed a robust ROC curve with an AUC
value of 0.973. The knockdown of KLRB1 inhibited the growth of human ESCC cells. KLRB1
regulated Akt, mTOR, p27, p38, NF-κB, Cyclin D1, and JNK signaling, which was consistent with
the result of GSEA.

Conclusion:

KLRB1 is a potential prognostic marker for human ESCC patients.
Potential Pharmaceutical and Food Applications of Postbiotics: A Review
Authors: Rad Aziz H. , Abbasi Amin , Kafil Hossein S. , Ganbarov Khudaverdi
Published: May 2020

In recent decades, functional foods with ingredients comprising probiotics, prebiotics and
postbiotics have been gaining a lot of attention from scientists. Probiotics and postbiotics are usually
applied in pharmaceutical formulations and/or commercial food-based products. These bioactive
agents can be associated with host eukaryotic cells and have a key role in maintaining and restoring
host health. The review describes the concept of postbiotics, their quality control and potential applications
in pharmaceutical formulations and commercial food-based products for health promotion, prevention
of disease and complementary treatment. Despite the effectiveness of probiotic products, researchers
have introduced the concept of postbiotic to optimize their beneficial effects as well as to
meet the needs of consumers to provide a safe product. The finding of recent studies suggests that
postbiotics might be appropriate alternative agents for live probiotic cells and can be applied in medical,
veterinary and food practice to prevent and to treat some diseases, promote animal health status
and develop functional foods. Presently scientific literature confirms that postbiotics, as potential alternative
agents, may have superiority in terms of safety relative to their parent live cells, and due to their
unique characteristics in terms of clinical, technological and economical aspects, can be applied as
promising tools in the drug and food industry for developing health benefits, and therapeutic aims.
Targeting Enteric Neurons and Plexitis for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Stavely Rhian , Abalo Raquel , Nurgali Kulmira
Published: May 2020

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are pathological conditions with an unknown aetiology that are characterised by severe inflammation of the intestinal tract and collectively referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current treatments are mostly ineffective due to their limited efficacy or toxicity, necessitating surgical resection of the affected bowel. The management of IBD is hindered by a lack of prognostic markers for clinical inflammatory relapse. Intestinal inflammation associates with the infiltration of immune cells (leukocytes) into, or surrounding the neuronal ganglia of the enteric nervous system (ENS) termed plexitis or ganglionitis. Histological observation of plexitis in unaffected intestinal regions is emerging as a vital predictive marker for IBD relapses. Plexitis associates with alterations to the structure, cellular composition, molecular expression and electrophysiological function of enteric neurons. Moreover, plexitis often occurs before the onset of gross clinical inflammation, which may indicate that plexitis can contribute to the progression of intestinal inflammation. In this review, the bilateral relationships between the ENS and inflammation are discussed. These include the effects and mechanisms of inflammation-induced enteric neuronal loss and plasticity. Additionally, the role of enteric neurons in preventing antigenic/pathogenic insult and immunomodulation is explored. While all current treatments target the inflammatory pathology of IBD, interventions that protect the ENS may offer an alternative avenue for therapeutic intervention.
Artificial RNA Editing with ADAR for Gene Therapy
Authors: Bhakta Sonali , Tsukahara Toshifumi
Published: May 2020

Editing mutated genes is a potential way for the treatment of genetic diseases. G-to-A mutations are common in mammals and can be treated by adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, a type of substitutional RNA editing. The molecular mechanism of A-to-I editing involves the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to an inosine base; this reaction is mediated by RNA-specific deaminases, adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs), family protein. Here, we review recent findings regarding the application of ADARs to restoring the genetic code along with different approaches involved in the process of artificial RNA editing by ADAR. We have also addressed comparative studies of various isoforms of ADARs. Therefore, we will try to provide a detailed overview of the artificial RNA editing and the role of ADAR with a focus on the enzymatic site directed A-to-I editing.
Combined Analysis of Clinical Data on HGF Gene Therapy to Treat Critical Limb Ischemia in Japan
Authors: Morishita Ryuichi , Shimamura Munehisa , Takeya Yasushi , Nakagami Hironori , Chujo Mitsuaki , Ishihama Tetsuya , Yamada Ei , Rakugi Hiromi
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

The objective of this combined analysis of data from clinical trials in Japan, using
naked plasmid DNA encoding hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), was to document the safety and
efficacy of intramuscular HGF gene therapy in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI).

Methods:

HGF gene transfer was performed in 22 patients with CLI in a single-center open trial at
Osaka University; 39 patients in a randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center phase III trial, 10 patients
with Buerger’s disease in a multi-center open trial; and 6 patients with CLI in a multi-center
open trial using 2 or 3 intramuscular injections of naked HGF plasmid at 2 or 4 mg. Resting pain on a
visual analogue scale (VAS) and wound healing as primary endpoints were evaluated at 12 weeks after
the initial injection. Serious adverse events caused by gene transfer were detected in 7 out of 77 patients
(9.09%). Only one patient experienced peripheral edema (1.30%), in contrast to those who had
undergone treatment with VEGF. At 12 weeks after gene transfer, combined evaluation of VAS and
ischemic ulcer size demonstrated a significant improvement in HGF gene therapy group as compared
to the placebo group (P=0.020).

Results:

The long-term analysis revealed a sustained decrease in the size of ischemic ulcer in HGF
gene therapy group. In addition, VAS score over 50 mm at baseline (total 27 patients) demonstrated a
tendency (P=0.059), but not significant enough, to improve VAS score in HGF gene therapy as compared
to the placebo group.

Conclusions:

The findings indicated that intramuscular injection of naked HGF plasmid tended to improve
the resting pain and significantly decreased the size of the ischemic ulcer in the patients with
CLI who did not have any alternative therapy, such as endovascular treatment (EVT) or bypass graft
surgery. An HGF gene therapy product, CollategeneTM, was recently launched with conditional and
time-limited approval in Japan to treat ischemic ulcer in patients with CLI. Further clinical trials
would provide new therapeutic options for patients with CLI.
A Polyphenolic Complex Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Blood- Brain Barrier Disruption
Authors: Bian Yuting , Yamashita Toru , Taira Yuki , Shang Jingwei , Tsunoda Keiichiro , Feng Tian , Sasaki Ryo , Liu Xia , Shi Xiaowen , Tadokoro Koh , Nomura Emi , Matsumoto Namiko , Osakada Yusuke , Omote Yoshio , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Abe Koji
Published: May 2020

Background:

Cerebral ischemia causes a strong inflammatory response. Neumentix is a
dietary supplement containing 14.9% rosmarinic acid and 29.9% total phenolic content, which has
been proved to be beneficial against inflammatory response. Therefore, Neumentix’s effect on
anti-inflammatory and blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion
(tMCAO) model mice is investigated in this study.

Methods:

After the pretreatment of vehicle or Neumentix 134 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal injection
(i.p.) (containing rosmarinic acid 20 mg/kg/d) for 14 days, mice were subjected to tMCAO for
60 min and kept receiving vehicle or Neumentix daily 5 days afterward.

Results:

Neumentix treatment ameliorated neurobehavioral impairment in the corner test (5d after
tMCAO, **P<0.01), reduced infarct volume (#P<0.05), suppressed expression of ionized calciumbinding
adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant
protein-1 (MCP-1) (###P<0.001), and improved the integrity of BBB (§P<0.05) at 5 days
after tMCAO.

Conclusios:

The present study provided an evidence of Neumentix’s anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection
effect against BBB disruption on experimental tMCAO model mice, suggesting that
Neumentix could be a potential therapeutic agent for stroke.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Medicinal Plants used for Vitiligo in Traditional Persian Medicine
Authors: Ebrahimabadi Mohsen Haghir , Lamardi Seyede Nargess Sadati , Shirbeigi Laila
Published: May 2020

Background:

Vitiligo is a hypopigmentation disorder that affects 1% of the world's
population. Vitiligo causes white spots on the skin, mucous membranes, or white hair by destroying
skin melanocytes. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is unknown but autoimmune, autocytotoxic, and
neural mechanisms are suggested. According to the autoimmune theory, in people with vitiligo,
immune cells invade and damage melanocytes. T cells are more commonly present in vitiligo patients'
skin and remain in the lesion site, which is composed of CD8 and CD4 T cells. Many studies
have been conducted on the presence and role of cytokines such as interleukins and interferongamma
(IFN-γ) in the vitiligo process.

Aim:

This study aimed to introduce herbs effective against vitiligo from the perspective of Persian
medicine and to investigate their possible therapeutic mechanisms with the possible effects of
herbs on autoimmune mechanisms.

Methods:

For this purpose, keywords were used to extract data from Persian medicine textbooks,
and then relevant scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and
Scopus were examined.

Results:

It was found that Persian medicine scholars used 50 different medicinal plants to treat and
reduce the complications of vitiligo, and recent scientific studies have proven immune-regulating
properties and reducing the effect of many of them on cytokines.

Conclusion:

According to scientific evidence on immunomodulatory effects, new research into the
effects of these plants on vitiligo can lead to the discovery of new drugs and approaches for treating
this disease.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Polyphenol Compounds by Nano ZnO-TBAB as a Heterogeneous Catalytic Media
Authors: Bargebid Rahele , Khalafi-Nezhad Ali , Zomorodian Kamiar , Zamani Leila , Ahmadinejad Ali , Khabnadideh Soghra
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Mannich reaction is a typical example of a three-component condensation reaction
and the chemistry of Mannich bases has been the matter of search by researchers. Here, an efficient
procedure for the synthesis of some new Mannich derivatives of simple phenols is described.
Methods: In this procedure, a microwave-assisted and solventless condensation was done between different
phenols, secondary amines and paraformaldehyde. The reactions proceeded in the presence of
the catalytic amount of nano ZnO and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) in excellent yields. Ten
new compounds were synthesized (A1-A10). Chemical structures of all new compounds were confirmed
by different spectroscopic methods. We optimized the chemical reactions in different conditions. Optimization
reactions were done in the presence of different mineral oxides, different amounts of TBAB
and also different solvents. Nano ZnO and TBAB in catalytic amounts and solvent-free conditions
were the best conditions. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities.
Antifungal and antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against some
Candida species, filaments fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by the broth microdilution
method as recommended by CLSI. Results: The result showed that compounds A2, A3 and A4 against
most of the tested Candida species and compounds A5 and A7 against C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis
exhibited considerable antifungal activities. Moreover, compounds A8 and A10 showed desirable antifungal
activities against C. neoformance and C. parapsilosis, respectively. The antibacterial activities
of the synthesized compounds were also evaluated. Compounds A6 - A10 against E. fecalis and compounds
A5, A7, A9 and A10 against P. aeruginosa showed desirable antibacterial activities. Discussion:
We have synthesized some new Mannich adducts of poly-hydroxyl phenols in the presence of nano-
ZnO as a reusable catalyst, with the hope of discovering new lead compounds serving as potent antimicrobial
agents. The advantages of this method are generality, high yields with short reaction times,
simplicity, low cost and matching with green chemistry protocols. The antimicrobial studies of Mannich
derivatives of phenols showed desirable results in vitro.
Optimized Radial Basis Neural Network for Classification of Breast Cancer Images
Authors: Rajathi G. M.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Breast cancer is a curable disease if diagnosed at an early stage. The
chances of having breast cancer are the lowest in married women after the breast-feeding phase because
the cancer is formed from the blocked milk ducts.

Introduction:

Nowadays, cancer is considered the leading cause of death globally. Breast cancer is
the most common cancer among females. It is possible to develop breast cancer while breast-feeding
a baby, but it is rare. Mammography is one of the most effective methods used in hospitals and
clinics for early detection of breast cancer. Various researchers are used in artificial intelligence-
based mammogram techniques. This process of mammography will reduce the death rate of
the patients affected by breast cancer. This process is improved by the image analysing, detection,
screening, diagnosing, and other performance measures.

Methods:

The radial basis neural network will be used for classification purposes. The radial basis
neural network is designed with the help of the optimization algorithm. The optimization is to tune
the classifier to reduce the error rate with the minimum time for the training process. The cuckoo
search algorithm will be used for this purpose.

Results:

Thus, the proposed optimum RBNN is determined to classify breast cancer images. In
this, the three sets of properties were classified by performing the feature extraction and feature reduction.
In this breast cancer MRI image, the normal, benign, and malignant is taken to perform
the classification. The minimum fitness value is determined to evaluate the optimum value of possible
locations. The radial basis function is evaluated with the cuckoo search algorithm to optimize
the feature reduction process. The proposed methodology is compared with the traditional radial basis
neural network using the evaluation parameter like accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score. The
whole system model is done by using Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) with the adaptation of 2018a
since the proposed system is most efficient than most recent related literature.

Conclusion:

Thus, it concluded with the efficient classification process of RBNN using a cuckoo
search algorithm for breast cancer images. The mammogram images are taken into recent research
because breast cancer is a major issue for women. This process is carried to classify the various features
for three sets of properties. The optimized classifier improves performance and provides a better
result. In this proposed research work, the input image is filtered using a wiener filter, and the
classifier extracts the feature based on the breast image.
The Effect of Alkaloid Extracted from Huperzia Phlegmaria on Cognitive Deficits Scopolamine-Induced in Mice
Authors: Thu Dang K. , Vui Dao T. , Huyen Nguyen T.N. , Binh Nguyen T.T. , Huyen Nguyen T. , Yen Nguyen T.H. , Tung Bui T.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Huperzia phlegmaria has been used for the treatment of neurological disorder. Alkaloids are main bioactive
compounds found in Huperzia phlegmaria. We aimed to investigate the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity in vitro of
Huperzia phlegmaria alkaloid extract (HpAE) and protective effects on mice which were induced cognitive deficits by scopolamine.

Methods:

AChE inhibitory activity and kinetic inhibition mechanism was investigated by Ellman's assay. Mice were administrated
orally HpAE (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) for fourteen days, and injected scopolamine at a dose of 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally for four
days to induce cognitive impairment. The Y-maze and the Morris water maze were used for evaluating the memory behaviors. Acetylcholine (ACh) levels and AChE activity were measured in brain tissue. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)
activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) groups were also evaluated in the mouse brain tissues.

Results:

Our data showed that HpAE had a strong AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of
5.12 ± 0.48 μg/mL in a concentration-dependent manner. Kinetic inhibition analysis demonstrated
that HpAE inhibited AChE followed the mixed inhibition type with Ki (representing the affinity of
the enzyme and inhibitor) was 4.37 ± 0.35 μg/mL. Scopolamine induced the cognitive impairment
in the Morris Water Maze and Y-maze test along with reduced brain levels of ACh and antioxidant
enzyme and increased AChE activity in mouse brain tissues. Treatment with HpAE at both doses
(30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) decreased the SCP-induced cognitive impairment in both behavioral tests
along with decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and MDA level, and increased ACh level and antioxidant
enzyme in mouse brain tissues.

Conclusion:

Our results suggested that the HpAE at both dose (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) may be used for prevent and treatment of
Alzheimer’s disease.
Molecular Docking, Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antileishmanial Effects of Newly Synthesized Quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Malghani Zoonish , Khan Arif-Ullah , Faheem Muhammad , Danish Muhammad Z. , Nadeem Humaira , Ansari Sameen F. , Maqbool Madeeha
Published: May 2020

Background:

Due to the pressing need and adverse effects associated with the available anti-cancer
agents, an attempt was made to develop the new anti-cancer agents with better activity and lesser adverse
effects.

Objective:

Synthetic approaches based on chemical modification of quinoline derivatives have been undertaken
with the aim of improving anti-cancer agents’ safety profile.

Methods:

In the present study, quinoline derivatives 6-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) quinoline-4-carboxylic
acid (M1) and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid (M3) were synthesized by the reaction
of aldehyde and pyruvic acid. The complete reaction was indicated by thin-layer chromatography. Newly synthesized
M1and M3were tested for in silico and in vitro studies.

Results:

M1 and M3 were docked against selected targets. Both the test compounds showed good affinity against
all targets except the p300\CBP-associated factor target as there was no H-bond formed by M1. IC50 values of
M1 and M3 against 1, 1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity were 562 and 136.56ng/mL,
respectively. In brine shrimp lethality assay, M1 and M3 showed IC50 value of 81.98 and 139.2ng/mL, respectively.
IC50 values recorded for M1 and M3 in tumor inhibition activity were 129 and 219μg/mL, respectively.
M1 and M3 exhibited concentration-dependent anti-cancer effects against human cell lines of hepatocellular
carcinoma (HepG2) and colon cancer (HCT-116). Against HepG2 cells, M1 and M3 exhibited IC50 of 88.6 and
43.62μg/mL, respectively. M1 and M3 utilized against HCT-116 cell lines possessed IC50 values of 62.5 and
15.3μg/mL. M1 and M3 also showed an anti-leishmanial effect with IC50 values of 336.64 and 530.142μg/mL,
respectively.

Conclusion:

From the results of pharmacological studies, we conclude that the newly synthesized compound
showed enhanced anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-leishmanial profile with good yield.
Sero-epidemiology of Hydatidosis Among General Population of Jolfa County, Northwestern Iran Using IHA, ELISA and Western Blot (2017-2018)
Authors: Sakhaei Ghorban , Khademvatan Shahram , Hazrati Tappeh Khosrow , Masudi Sima , Feizollahzadeh Sadegh , Aminpour Arash , Asadi Negar
Published: May 2020

Background:

Human hydatidosis is mostly a latent and neglected disease with known
endemicity in Iran.

Aims :

Due to the importance of this infection in the country and its latent nature, we aimed to
evaluate the serological status of hydatid cyst in northwestern Iran.

Objectives:

Herein, we evaluated the serological status of hydatid cyst in urban and rural
inhabitants of Jolfa county, northwestern Iran during 2017-2018.

Methods:

In total, 1296 blood samples were obtained from human individuals and the presence of
anti-E. granulosus antibodies was investigated using IHA, ELISA and WB.

Results:

Based on results, 25 IHA positive person were detected in the examined population, however
ELISA test showed 14 of 25 IHA positive patients as negative. Also, 269 IHA negative fellows
were shown as negative by ELISA. WB analysis of sera from 25 IHA positive subjects revealed
consistent results with the ELISA test, and the most reactive SHCF Ag was a 37 KDa protein.
The age-standardized seroprevalence of hydatidosis among Jolfa's general population was
1.12% with 95%CI: 1.02-1.20. Moreover, there existed a significant association between keeping/-
contact with dogs (P = 0.022) as well as vegetable consumption (P < 0.001) with ELISA positive
test results.

Conclusion:

Along such serological evidence in this region, we highly suggest physical
examination and applying imaging techniques for suspected cases in the area for better
understanding of CE.
Theranostic Nanoparticles for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Jaidev Leela R. , Chede Laxmi S. , Kandikattu Hemanth K.
Published: May 2020

Pancreatic cancer is one of the low vascular permeable tumors with a high mortality rate.
The five-year survival period is ~5%. The field of drug delivery is at its pace in developing unique
drug delivery carriers to treat high mortality rate cancers such as pancreatic cancer. Theranostic
nanoparticles are the new novel delivery carriers where the carrier is loaded with both diagnostic and
therapeutic agents. The present review discusses various therapeutic and theranostic nanocarriers for
pancreatic cancer.
Potent Antihyperglycemic Effect of an Endemic Plant from Morocco (Matthiola Maroccana Coss.) on Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Amssayef Ayoub , Lahrach Nadia , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: May 2020

Background:

Matthiola maroccana (Coss.) belongs to the Brassicaceae family and it is an
endemic plant from Morocco.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Matthiola maroccana
(Coss.) on blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic rats.

Methods:

The effect of single dose (6 hours) and daily oral administration for seven days of the Aerial
Part Aqueous Extract (A.P.A.E) of Matthiola maroccana (Coss.) (M. maroccana) at a dose of 20
mg/kg body weight on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats
was observed. Furthermore, body weight, oral glucose tolerance test, liver histopathological examination,
phytochemical screening, and in vitro antioxidant activity of A.P.A.E were evaluated in this
study.

Results:

The results showed that M. maroccana A.P.A.E exerts potent hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic
effects on normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats (p<0.0001). Also, it was able to restore body
weight in diabetic rats (p<0.05). Furthermore, the aqueous extract has been shown to regenerate hepatic
tissues in diabetic rats. Besides, A.P.A.E revealed the presence of several phytochemical constituents
(polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, sterols and terpenoids), and possessed
antioxidant activity.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our findings showed that A.P.A.E of M. maroccana (A.P.A.E MM) possesses
significant antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic activities.
Awareness and Practices of Dental Students and Dentists Regarding Infection Control in Prosthodontic Clinics
Authors: Halawani Ragheb , Aboalshamat Khalid , Alwsaidi Ruba , Sharqawi Sultana , Alhazmi Rawan , Abualsaud Zahra , Alattallah Amal , Alamri Maha
Published: May 2020

Background:

Patient safety is a priority for achieving higher quality health care standards and human error> reduction.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of appropriate infection control practices in a prosthodontic clinic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 460 dental students and dentists recruited from five centers. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires> composed of 25 questions. The questionnaires> assessed infection control practices in prosthodontic clinics, including wearable barriers, disinfection measures among patients, disinfection of laboratory submissions, and proper infection control. Other questions assessed sources of knowledge, self-evaluation of knowledge, implementation, and satisfaction with knowledge application.

Results:

Total correct answers for proper practice (16 questions) had a mean of 12.5 with a standard deviation of 2.8. The most commonly practiced procedure was wearing a mask (99.8%) and the least was sterilizing the facebow before its use by the patient (53.7%). Participants from governmental colleges (m = 13.67, SD = 2.17) had significantly higher scores than participants from private colleges (m = 12.35, SD = 2.9),p<0.001. Only 2.8% had never attended a lecture, and only 13.8% had never had hands-on training for infection control. Despite 49.1% evaluating themselves as having very poor to poor knowledge, 90.7% had fair to very good valuation of their infection control implementations, and 87.6% were satisfied with their knowledge and performance levels.

Conclusion:

Dental students and dentists have high levels of adequate infection control practices in the prosthodontic clinic despite the moderate level of their satisfaction with their knowledge.
Oncogenomics and CYP450 Implications in Personalized Cancer Therapy
Authors: Udayaraja G.K. , Emerson I. Arnold
Published: May 2020

Background:

The Human Genome Project has unleashed the power of genomics
in clinical practice as a choice of individualized therapy, particularly in cancer
treatment. Pharmacogenomics is an interdisciplinary field of genomics that deals with
drug response, based on individual genetic makeup.

Objective:

The main genetic events associated with carcinogenesis activate oncogenes or
inactivate tumor-suppressor genes. Therefore, drugs should be specific to inactivate or
regulate these mutant genes and their protein products for effective cancer treatment. In
this review, we summarize how polymedication decisions in cancer treatments based on
the evaluation of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) polymorphisms are applied for pharmacogenetic
assessment of anticancer therapy outcomes.

Results:

However, multiple genetic events linked, inactivating a single mutant gene product,
may be insufficient to inhibit tumor progress. Thus, genomics and pharmacogenetics
directly influence a patient’s response and aid in guiding clinicians to select the safest and
most effective combination of medications for a cancer patient from the initial prescription.

Conclusion:

This review outlines the roles of oncogenes, the importance of cytochrome
P450 (CYP450) in cancer susceptibility, and its impact on drug metabolism, proposing
combined approaches to achieve precision therapy.
In-situ Intestinal Absorption and Pharmacokinetic Investigations of Carvedilol Loaded Supersaturated Self-emulsifying Drug System
Authors: Krishna Vamshi M. , Kumar Vijaya B. , Dudhipala Narendar
Published: May 2020

Background:

Carvedilol (CD), a non-selective beta-blocker, is indicated for the management
of mild to moderate congestive heart failure. After oral administration, CD is rapidly absorbed
with an absolute bioavailability of 18-25% because of low solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism.

Objective:

The present investigation focused on enhanced oral delivery of CD using supersaturated
self-emulsifying drug delivery (SEDDS) system.

Methods:

Optimized SEDDS consisted of a blend of Oleic acid and Labrafil-M2125 as an oil-phase,
Cremophor-RH40, polyethylene glycol-400 and HPMC-E5 as a surfactant, co-surfactant and supersaturation
promoter respectively. Formulations were characterized for physical characteristics, invitro
release in simulated and biorelevant dissolution media, intestinal permeability and bioavailability
studies in Wistar rats. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were used to confirm the crystalline nature and
shape of the optimized formulation.

Results:

DSC and XRD, SEM studies showed that the drug was in amorphous form, and droplets
were spherical in shape. Dissolution studies clearly showed distinct CD release in compendial and
biorelevant dissolution media. The results from permeability and in-vivo studies depicted 2.2-folds
and 3.2-folds increase in permeability and bioavailability, respectively from supersaturated SEDDS
in comparison with control.

Conclusions:

The results conclusively confirmed that the SEDDS formulation could be considered as
a new alternative delivery vehicle for the oral supply of CD.

Lay Summary:

Carvedilol (CD) is a non-selective antihypertensive drug with poor oral bioavailability.
Previously, various lipid delivery systems were reported with enhanced oral delivery. We developed
suprsaturable SEDDS formulation with immediate onset of action. SEDDS formulation was developed
and optimized as per the established protocols. The optimized SEDDS formulation was stable
over three months and converted to solid and supersaturated SEDDS. The results from permeability
and in-vivo studies demonstrated an enhancement in permeability and bioavailability from supersaturated
SEDDS in comparison with control. The results conclusively confirmed that the SEDDS formulation
could be considered as a new alternative delivery vehicle for the oral administration of CD.
Numerical DEM Analysis on Coal Loading Process of Shearer Spiral Drum
Authors: Tian Zhen , Jing Shuangxi , Gao Shan , Zhao Lijuan
Published: May 2020

Background:

In order to study the loading process of shearer spiral drum, the theoretical
model of loading process of spiral drum was established based on the kinematic characteristics of coal
block in the envelope region of spiral drum.

Objective:

A spiral drum was designed for MG400/951-WD shearer, and this spiral drum was taken as
the research object, the influence of spiral angle of the blade and rotation speed of the spiral drum on
the theoretical coal capacity was analyzed.

Methods:

The intrinsic parameters of coal were calibrated according to the physical and mechanical
properties of coal samples in Ordos Wenyu coal mine, a discrete element model of the coupling of the
spiral drum and the coal wall was constructed.

Results:

The velocity and mass distribution of coal particles in the loading process were obtained by
numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the loading rate of spiral drum was 65.6%.
Through industrial test and theoretical calculation, the coal loading rate of spiral drum under the same
conditions was 63% and 68.4%, and the maximum relative error between the results and theoretical
calculation was 7.89%.

Conclusion:

The error between the coal loading rate obtained by the simulation, theoretical calculation
and the test was small. It shows that the simulation results can accurately reflect the coal charging process
of the spiral drum. In this article, various patents have discussed.
An Efficient Shot Boundary Detection Using Data-cube Searching Technique
Authors: Kavitha J. , Rani P. Arockia Jansi , Fathimal P. Mohamed , Paul Asha
Published: May 2020

Background::

In the internet era, there is a prime need to access and manage the huge
volume of multimedia data in an effective manner. Shot is a sequence of frames captured by a single
camera in an uninterrupted space and time. Shot detection is suitable for various applications such
that video browsing, video indexing, content based video retrieval and video summarization.

Objective::

To detect the shot transitions in the video within a short duration. It compares the visual
features of frames like correlation, histogram and texture features only in the candidate region
frames instead of comparing the full frames in the video file.

Methods:

This paper analyses candidate frames by searching the values of frame features which
matches with the abrupt detector followed by the correct cut transition frame with in the datacube
recursively until it detects the correct transition frame. If they are matched with the gradual detector,
then it will give the gradual transition ranges, otherwise the algorithm will compare the frames within
the next datacube to detect shot transition.

Results::

The total average detection rates of all transitions computed in the proposed Data-cube
Search Based Shot Boundary Detection technique are 92.06 for precision, 96.92 for recall and 93.94
for f1 measure and the maximum accurate detection rate.

Conclusion::

Proposed method for shot transitions uses correlation value for searching procedure
with less computation time than the existing methods which compares every single frame and uses
multi features such as color, edge, motion and texture features in wavelet domain.