bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The targeted exome sequencing strategy (NeoExome) for Chinese newborns with the pilot study of 3423 neonates
Authors: Zou Lin , Cao Ziyang , He Xiaoyan , Wang Dongjuan , Gu Maosheng , Suo Feng , Qiang Rong , Zhang Ruixue , Song ChengRong , Wang Xiaohua , Zhu Bo , Cao Donghua , Yu Haihua , Qu Yiping , Shen Guosong , Wu Jian , Wang Xiaobin , Jin Zhengyu , Wang Pengpeng , Wang Jinxia , Zhang Hongyang , Yan Zijun , Yu Guangjun
Published: May 2022

Newborn screening (NBS) is an effective way for 3-step prevention of
birth defects. The suitable technology and rational NBS screening
diseases are critical for each country and area. High-throughput
sequencing has shown high application potential in NBS. However, lack of
sequencing strategy for monogenic inherited diseases NBS in China. In
this study, we systematically evaluated the application efficiency of
different sequencing approaches for NBS, and a gene-disease association
list (NeoExome panel) for the Chinese population with 601 genes was
designed based on the top rare disease list and databases. In the 1000
Genomes Project, 7.6% (23/301) were NGS positive. Among the 3249
neonates recruited, NGS positive rate was 12.0%. In the 200
conventional NBS (+) subgroup, 118 were NGS positive, with 76.3%
(90/118) neonates harboring consistent results of conventional NBS and
NGS; in the conventional NBS (-) subgroup, the NGS positive rate was
8.9% (271/3049). Our study designed a personal NBS targeted-sequencing
NeoExome panel of monogenic inherited diseases for Chinese, which has
shown acceptable performance.
Level of therapeutic innovation of new drugs for the treatment of migraine
Authors: Motola Domenico , Laurini Greta Santi , Bonaldo Giulia , Montanaro Nicola
Published: May 2022

Aim: Migraine is one of the most prevalent and disabling medical
illnesses. Preventive drugs are used to reduce the frequency, severity,
and duration of attacks. Most patients were no longer on their
medication due to contraindications or poor clinical response.
Therefore, there is need for novel prophylactic agents for migraine. New
preventive treatments are those of the class of Calcitonin Gene Related
Peptide (CGRP)-targeting therapies. We aimed to assess the real level of
therapeutic innovation of these new drugs. Methods: The information on
the new drugs was collected from several documents, including the
European public assessment reports (EPARs). The level of therapeutic
innovation was assessed with the algorithm published by some of us in
2006. Results: All new approved drugs (eptinezumab, galcanezumab,
fremanezumab, erenumab) are indicated for the prophylaxis of migraine in
adults who have at least 4 migraine days for month. All these drugs have
been tested only in comparison to placebo. Their level of therapeutic
innovation was only modest, i.e. the lowest value of our algorithm.
Conclusion: The new monoclonal antibodies of the class of CGRP targeting
therapies have been authorized with efficacy data only against placebo.
They do not offer additional clinical benefits compared to available
therapies for the prevention of migraine attacks, with the exception of
a lower frequency of administration and a more rapid effect. All this
assigns to these drugs only a modest role in therapy according to our
algorithm for therapeutic innovation with a significantly higher cost
than similar therapies.
TGF-β Signaling: a Potential Therapeutic Target of Single Herbs and Extracts for Renal Fibrosis
Authors: gengzhen huang , yaodan Zhang , chao Hu , yingying Zhang , yuerong Ma
Published: May 2022

Chronic kidney disease has emerged as a global public health problem in
recent years. Chronic kidney disease progression, characterized by the
development of renal fibrosis, leads to end-stage kidney disease.
Transforming growth factor β has been shown to play a key role in the
mechanism of renal fibrosis. Several studies have shown that individual
Chinese herbal extracts can inhibit transforming growth factor β
activation and reduce extracellular matrix formation, thereby imparting
an anti-renal fibrosis effect through multiple pathways and multiple
targets. In the present manuscript, the research trends of single
traditional Chinese medicines and extracts in preventing and treating
renal fibrosis are summarized, which may be insightful for generating
new ideas for preventing and delaying renal fibrosis.
EVALUATION OF ALVEOLAR-CAPILLARY MEMBRANE FUNCTIONS BY THORACIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN HEART FAILURE
Authors: Gürses ECEM , Zaoghi Mehdi
Published: May 2022

Objective This study aims to research the effect of the
increased interstitial fluid accumulation in patients with congestive
heart failure on the diffusion capacity of the alveolar-capillary
membrane. Methods This prospective study is conducted on 77 in-patients
diagnosed with pulmonary edema and decompansated heart failure. The
B-line counts of the patients are calculated through echocardiography
and thoracic ultrasonography within the first 24 hours of their
admission and the patients are categorized into two groups based on
their B-line counts being higher or lower than 15. After sufficient
diuretic treatment, the patients are subjected to respiratory function
test, diffusion test(DLCO) and 6 minute walk test. Results The following
results in study have been found in the echocardiography of the patients
in the higher-than-15 B-line group: lower RVEF (p=0,003), lower RVSm
(p=0,014), higher SPAP (p<0,0001), higher TRV (p=0,001), more
dilated VCI radius (p<0,0001), higher LA volume(p=0,007),
higher E/e’>15 (p<0,0001), higher pleural
effusıon (p=0,014). The following results have been found in the
respiratory function test, DLCO and 6 minute walk test of the patients
in the higher-than-15 B-line group: lower FVC (p
<0,0001),lower FEV1 (p=0,002), lower corrected DLCO
(p<0,0001), lower 6 minute walk test (p<0,0001).16
of the 77 patients have undergone right heart catheterization during
their stay in the hospital and higher PVR (p=0,039) has been found in
the higher-than-15 B-line group. Conclusion B-line counts of higher than
15 may be predictor of decrease in diffusion capacity, restrictive
patern in respiratory function, decrease in right ventricular function
and increase in pulmonary vascular resistance.
Epidemiological assessment and Motif Fingerprint-based Genomic Characterization of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) infection and co-infections in Colombia
Authors: Barato Paola , Miguel Montufar , Daniela Carroza , Mardones Fernando , Win Surachetpong , Valdivia Willy , Sandra Ariza , Ricardo Piñeros , Jairo Palomares , Nataly Bacca , Julian Zuñiga , Eduardo Castillo , Jaime Hernandez , Deepak Sheoran , Rafael Molina-Luque , Carlos Iregui
Published: May 2022

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) infection is one of the most challenging
diseases of farmed tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) production systems
globally, however, few studies have described the epidemiology of TiLV.
Here, we assessed the TiLV infection’s status in Colombia Departments by
RT-PCR amplification of a pool of tissues (liver, spleen, eye, and
brain) collected from units of five to ten tilapias per lot/pond. From
June 2016 to March 2018, epidemiological assessments of TiLV infection
found positive cases of TiLV from 109 out of 463 submitted samples
(23%) representing 25 TiLV positive farms, 21 districts, and 13
departments. Spatial distribution of cases indicate that the disease is
widespread in Colombia including 21 TiLV positive municipalities out of
29 sampled (72,4%). Segment 6 of Colombian TiLV showed 98 to 100% of
sequence identity to the viruses previously reported from Ecuador,
Israel, and Peru. Almost all cases of TiLV (103/109; 94.5%) were
associated to mortalities and clinical signs attributed to the disease
and were reported at any life stages of tilapia. Six additional cases
(5,5%) were reported from apparently healthy alevins at three
Epidemiological Units (EU). Among the 109 cases, 44 cases (40.4%) had
concomitant TiLV infection with other bacterial and/or parasitic
diseases, highlighting the complex interactions between the virus and
other pathogens. Grouping tests such as histopathology and molecular
techniques, may be able to improve the detection of moribund and
apparently healthy TiLV cases. This study, TiLV was reported throughout
Colombia as the first comprehensive epidemiological investigation of
TiLV status in South America.
Diagnostic accuracy of a novel endometriosis staging system: an external validation study
Authors: Mak Jason , Eathorne Allie , Leonardi Mathew , Espada Mercedes , Reid Shannon , Zanardi Jose , Uzuner Cansu , Rocha Rodrigo , Armour Mike , Condous George
Published: May 2022

Objective To externally validate the “2021 AAGL Endometriosis
Classification” staging system. Design Retrospective, diagnostic
accuracy study Setting Multicentre Population or Sample Two hundred and
seventy-two endometriosis patients (January 2016 - October 2021) Methods
Three independent observers analysed coded surgical data to assign an
AAGL surgical stage (1 to 4) as the index test, and surgical complexity
level (A to D) as the reference standard. Main Outcome Measures The
diagnostic accuracy of each AAGL stage to predict corresponding AAGL
surgical complexity level was determined. Receiver operating
characteristic curves used to determine the accuracy of cut off points
used in the AAGL staging system to discriminate between surgical
complexity levels. Results 272 cases were analysed. Diagnostic accuracy
(sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV) for three observers were: stage
1 to predict level A 97.9-98.7%, 60.2-64.2%, 75.0-76.9%, and
96.3-97.5%; stage 2 to predict level B 26.1-30.4%, 93.2-95.6%,
26.3-35.3%, and 92.9-93.6%; stage 3 to predict level C 7.5-10.0%,
93.8-94.8%, 33.3-42.1%, and 70.9-71.5%; stage 4 to predict level D
90.-95.0%, 90.1-91.7% &, 41.9-47.5%, and 99.1-99.6%. For three
observers AUROC for A vs B/C/D (cut-point 9) 0.75-0.88, A/B vs C/D
(cut-point 16) 0.81 and A/B/C vs D (cut-point 22) 0.95-0.96. Conclusions
This external validation study demonstrates that the AAGL Endometriosis
Classification performs poorly overall for the prediction of surgical
complexity. The results from this external validation study suggest that
the system in its current form is not generalizable to all endometriosis
patients and should be reviewed before its universal implementation.
Funding Nil Keywords Endometriosis, staging, laparoscopy
Design of K-band miniaturized MIMO antenna based on CSRR
Authors: Nan Jingchang , HAN Xinxin , Gao Mingming , WANG Ji Yu
Published: May 2022

K-band, as an important application frequency band in the microwave
frequency band, is widely used in wireless communication, RF
identification and civil radar. And K-band microstrip antenna has become
a research hotspot in recent years due to its advantages of small size
and good directionality. In this paper, a miniaturized Multiple-input
Multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed to widen the bandwidth of the
antenna by cutting the angle of the radiating patch and digging a slot
in the ground plane; meanwhile, a raised rectangular parasitic branch
with an open slot is placed on the ground plane and a Complementary
Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR) is etched to generate a resonance at a fixed
frequency point. resonance at a fixed frequency point, effectively
reducing the mutual coupling. The simulated and measured results show
that the overall size of the antenna is only 15×24×0.8mm3, the overall
isolation is less than -18.3dB in the operating bandwidth range of
17~27.2GHz（relative bandwidth reaches 46.2%）, and the
Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.001, so the
designed K-band MIMO antenna has good radiation characteristics and gain
GIPR Agonism Inhibits PYY-Induced Nausea-Like Behavior
Authors: Samms Ricardo J. , Cosgrove Richard , Snider Brandy M. , Furber Ellen C. , Droz Brian A. , Briere Daniel A. , Dunbar James , Dogra Mridula , Alsina-Fernandez Jorge , Borner Tito , De Jonghe Bart C. , Hayes Matthew R. , Coskun Tamer , Sloop Kyle W. , Emmerson Paul J. , Ai Minrong
Published: May 2022

The induction of nausea and emesis is a major barrier to maximizing the weight loss profile of obesity medications, and therefore, identifying mechanisms that improve tolerability could result in added therapeutic benefit. The development of peptide YY (PYY)-based approaches to treat obesity are no exception, as PYY receptor agonism is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Here, we sought to determine whether glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) agonism reduces PYY-induced nausea-like behavior in mice. We found that central and peripheral administration of a GIPR agonist reduced conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) without affecting hypophagia mediated by a PYY analog. The receptors for GIP and PYY (Gipr and Npy2r) were found to be expressed by the same neurons in the area postrema (AP), a brainstem nucleus involved in detecting aversive stimuli. Peripheral administration of a GIPR agonist induced neuronal activation (cFos) in the AP. Further, whole-brain cFos analyses indicated that PYY-induced CTA was associated with augmented neuronal activity in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), a brainstem nucleus that relays aversive/emetic signals to brain regions that control feeding behavior. Importantly, GIPR agonism reduced PYY-mediated neuronal activity in the PBN, providing a potential mechanistic explanation for how GIPR agonist treatment reduces PYY-induced nausea-like behavior. Together, the results of our study indicate a novel mechanism by which GIP-based therapeutics may have benefit in improving the tolerability of weight loss agents.
Indirect and Direct Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on Human Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Ben Nasr Moufida , D’Addio Francesca , Montefusco Laura , Usuelli Vera , Loretelli Cristian , Rossi Antonio , Pastore Ida , Abdelsalam Ahmed , Maestroni Anna , Dell’Acqua Marco , Ippolito Elio , Assi Emma , Seelam Andy Joe , Fiorina Roberta Maria , Chebat Enrica , Morpurgo Paola , Lunati Maria Elena , Bolla Andrea Mario , Abdi Reza , Bonventre Joseph V. , Rusconi Stefano , Riva Agostino , Corradi Domenico , Santus Pierachille , Clark Pamela , Nebuloni Manuela , Baldi Gabriella , Finzi Giovanna , Folli Franco , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Galli Massimo , Herold Kevan C. , Fiorina Paolo
Published: May 2022

Recent studies have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may induce metabolic distress, leading to hyperglycemia in patients affected by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). We investigated the potential indirect and direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 on human pancreatic islets in 10 patients who became hyperglycemic after COVID-19. Although there was no evidence of peripheral anti-islet autoimmunity, the serum of these patients displayed toxicity on human pancreatic islets, which could be abrogated by the use of anti–interleukin-1β (IL-1β), anti–IL-6, and anti–tumor necrosis factor α, cytokines known to be highly upregulated during COVID-19. Interestingly, the receptors of those aforementioned cytokines were highly expressed on human pancreatic islets. An increase in peripheral unmethylated INS DNA, a marker of cell death, was evident in several patients with COVID-19. Pathology of the pancreas from deceased hyperglycemic patients who had COVID-19 revealed mild lymphocytic infiltration of pancreatic islets and pancreatic lymph nodes. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2–specific viral RNA, along with the presence of several immature insulin granules or proinsulin, was detected in postmortem pancreatic tissues, suggestive of β-cell–altered proinsulin processing, as well as β-cell degeneration and hyperstimulation. These data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 may negatively affect human pancreatic islet function and survival by creating inflammatory conditions, possibly with a direct tropism, which may in turn lead to metabolic abnormalities observed in patients with COVID-19.
Endothelial Prohibitin Mediates Bidirectional Long-Chain Fatty Acid Transport in White and Brown Adipose Tissues
Authors: Gao Zhanguo , Daquinag Alexes C. , Yu Yongmei , Kolonin Mikhail G.
Published: May 2022

The function of prohibitin-1 (PHB1) in adipocyte mitochondrial respiration, adaptive thermogenesis, and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism has been reported. While intracellular PHB1 expression is ubiquitous, cell surface PHB1 localization is selective for adipocytes and endothelial cells of adipose tissue. The importance of PHB1 in adipose endothelium has not been investigated, and its vascular cell surface function has remained unclear. Here, we generated and analyzed mice with PHB1 knock-out specifically in endothelial cells (PHB1 EC-KO). Despite the lack of endothelial PHB1, mice developed normally and had normal vascularization in both white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Tumor and ex vivo explant angiogenesis assays also have not detected a functional defect in PHB1 KO endothelium. No metabolic phenotype was observed in PHB1 EC-KO mice raised on a regular diet. We show that both male and female PHB1 EC-KO mice have normal body composition and adaptive thermogenesis. However, PHB1 EC-KO mice displayed higher insulin sensitivity and increased glucose clearance when fed a high-fat diet. We demonstrate that the efficacy of LCFA deposition by adipocytes is decreased by PHB1 EC-KO, in particular in BAT. Consistent with that, EC-KO mice have a defect in clearing triglycerides from systemic circulation. Free fatty acid release upon lipolysis induction was also found to be reduced in PHB1 EC-KO mice. Our results demonstrate that PHB1 in endothelial cells regulates bidirectional LCFA transport and thereby suppresses glucose utilization.
Circulating C-Peptide Levels in Living Children and Young People and Pancreatic Beta Cell Loss in Pancreas Donors Across Type 1 Diabetes Disease Duration
Authors: Carr Alice L.J. , Inshaw Jamie R.J. , Flaxman Christine S. , Leete Pia , Wyatt Rebecca C. , Russell Lydia A. , Palmer Matthew , Prasolov Dmytro , Worthington Thomas , Hull Bethany , Wicker Linda S. , Dunger David B. , Oram Richard A. , Morgan Noel G. , Todd John A. , Richardson Sarah J. , Besser Rachel E.J.
Published: May 2022

C-peptide declines in type 1 diabetes although many long-duration patients retain low, but detectable levels. Histological analyses confirm that beta cells can remain following type 1 diabetes onset. We explored the trends observed in C-peptide decline in UK Genetic Resource Investigating Diabetes (UK GRID) cohort (N=4,079), with beta cell loss in pancreas donors from the network for Pancreatic Organ donors with Diabetes (nPOD) biobank and the Exeter Archival Diabetes Biobank (EADB) (combined N=235), stratified by recently reported age at diagnosis endotypes (< 7, 7-12, ≥ 13 years) across increasing diabetes durations. The proportion of individuals with detectable C-peptide declined beyond the first year after diagnosis, but this was most marked in the youngest age group (< 1 year duration: age < 7 years: 18/20 (90%), 7-12 years: 107/110 (97%), ≥ 13 years: 58/61 (95%) versus. 1-5 years post diagnosis: < 7 years: 172/522 (33%), 7-12 years: 604/995 (61%), ≥ 13 years: 225/289 (78%)). A similar profile was observed in beta cell loss, with those diagnosed at younger ages experiencing more rapid loss of islets containing insulin-positive (insulin+) beta cells 

< 1 year post diagnosis: age < 7 years: 23/26 (88%), 7-12 years: 32/33 (97%), ≥ 13 years: 22/25 (88%) versus. 1-5 years post diagnosis: < 7 years: 1/12 (8.3%) ,7-12 years: 7/13 (54%), ≥ 13 years: 7/8 (88%)). These data should be considered in the planning and interpretation of intervention trials designed to promote beta cell retention and function. 
Antifungal Coating Based on Pyocyanin Nanoparticles (Np-Pyo)
Authors: Da Silva Jonas Emanuel Guimarães , Do Amaral Ian Porto Gurgel , Kretzschmar Elisângela Afonso de Moura , Vasconcelos Ulrich
Published: May 2022

Pyocyanin is a pigment produced by 95% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and exhibits antimicrobial properties that can be used for different purposes. In this work, PMMA-based nanoparticles that were encapsulated into 200 µg/mL of pyocyanin (Np-Pyo) were produced by the nanoprecipitation method. They were evaluated with respect to antifouling activity against Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. With an encapsulation efficiency of 56%, the NpPyo remained stable for 90 days. Their characteristics were satisfactory for the following parameters: average size (616.90±38.30 nm; blank: 282.58±22.89 nm), polydispersion index (0.51±0.01; blank: 0.45±0.78), zeta potential (-5.13±0.41 mV; blank: -6.44±1.12 mV) and pH (6.18±0.03; blank: 6.42±0.01). The in vitro biofilm formation assay was performed on dolomite coupons measuring 1 cm2, on which the formulation was applied. There were tested conditions with and without immersion for 72h at 30 ºC. In the tests with the immersed coupons, there was fungal colonization; this was, however, lower than that observed in the control. A. niger decreased by 3 log units. No growth was observed on the coupons that were not immersed. The results were promising and demonstrated viability as a means of antifouling protection, particularly on dry surfaces.
Teachers’ Views about the Reasons Causing Long-Term Disobedience to School Age Children: Could Long-Term Child Disobedience or Aggressiveness Provide Indications of a Subsequent Criminal Personality?
Authors: Stamatis Panagiotis J. , Chatzinikola Maria
Published: May 2022

This paper deals with long-term child disobedience and its potential evolution first into aggressiveness and then into criminality. Sixty-one teachers at primary education school units participated in this empirical survey. Teachers agree that long-term child disobedience is due to: a) reasons linked to problematic family relationships, such as lack of affection, absence of rules or limits, conflicting attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of parents, domestic violence, etc., b) reasons linked to education environment, such as children’s learning difficulties, poor interaction between teacher and student, children’s difficulty in adapting to teaching methods, bullying that a child may suffer because of classmates, absence of communication between parents and school, etc. and c) reasons linked to a child’s broader social environment, such as a child’s participation in cliques with out-of-school individuals, rejection by peers, absence from creative extracurricular activities, watching violent child TV series or playing violent video games, long exposure to the internet, etc. In addition, teachers believe that long-term child disobedience may turn first into aggressiveness and subsequently become criminality. According to teachers, aggressiveness is due to family, education and social reasons, while criminality is due to family and social reasons. Finally, teachers assert that long-term child disobedience is not due to genetic or environment factors and criminality is not due to education structures. Their views are listed, analyzed and discussed in this paper.
Geomorphologic and geologic Analysis of Satellite Data of the Betic and Rif orogenic Belts in the Western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Theilen-Willige Barbara
Published: May 2022

This study is focused on the description of the arcuated geomorphology and the structural pattern of the Betic and Rif Domain surrounding the West-Alboran Sea bordering S-Spain and N-Morocco based on remote sensing data. Sentinel 2, Landsat 8 and ASTER-images and Sentinel 1 radar images help to identify the structural pattern. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and the DEM derived morphometric maps support these investigations being integrated into a GeoInformation System (GIS). The evaluations of the various satellite data, especially after digital image processing of the Landsat thermal bands, contribute to the inventory of a large ring structure with more than 130 km in diameter. This distinct expressed ring structure becomes evident even more on slope gradient and dropraster maps.
Hate Speech Acts in Populist Rhetoric
Authors: Bavili Negin
Published: May 2022

This research will study populism and populist rhetoric. At the first section of the research, common features of populist rhetoric is highlighted. In the second section of this study, by means of descriptive methodology phenomenon of populist rhetoric is studied. Also, communicative patterns of populist leaders are formulated. Furthermore, Speech act theory, is used in analysis of populist rhetoric. In brief, the side effects of use of hate speech acts in populist politicians’ rhetoric will be evaluated. For this study tweets of Donald Trump will be used as the input of research study. And the traces of hate speech will be followed in his speech.
How Anheuser-Busch InBev is tackling the top challenges of Category Management for modern offline retail channel
Authors:   Growth Analytics Center, Anheuser-Busch InBev, Bangalore, India, VC Nidhin , Prakash Rahul ,   Growth Analytics Center, Anheuser-Busch InBev, Bangalore, India
Published: May 2022

In this paper we present a practical approach that AB InBev’s Global Capabilities Centre (“GCC or ABI or Ab InBev”) has developed to solve the challenges of Category Management for Retailers. The approach brings technical rigor from the areas of data science, econometrics, and measurement methodologies very close to business context. This has allowed us to create a solution which is highly contextual and relatable to our business stakeholders. The strength of the presented solution lies in it being a semi-automated framework that allows a wide array of disparate data to be modelled and captures the nuances of different markets - such as socio-demographic profiles, consumption behaviours, local preferences towards beer styles. We also present the ABI created 4C framework to arrive at the optimal assortment recommendation for a Retailer.
Análise dos estudos e das propostas de alterações dos fatores de ponderação do Fundeb
Authors: De Assis Alves Fabiana , Lopes de Souza Marcelo
Published: May 2022

A Meta 20 do atual Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) tem por objetivo a ampliação do investimento público em educação pública de modo a atingir, em 2024, o valor equivalente a dez por cento (10%) do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB). Para isso, são elencadas 12 estratégias. Este artigo traz contribuições para duas dessas estratégias. Elas tratam da garantia de fontes de financiamento permanentes e sustentáveis (20.1) e dos estudos dos custos por aluno da educação básica (20.5). Das fontes de financiamento da educação básica, a principal é o Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (Fundeb). Este artigo aborda um aspecto essencial do Fundeb, que são os fatores de ponderação (FP) para cada tipo de matrícula considerada na distribuição dos recursos do Fundeb. Esses FP impactam diretamente no volume de recursos que cada ente irá receber e deveriam refletir os custos médios das etapas, das modalidades, dos tipos de jornada e de estabelecimentos escolares. Nesse sentido, o artigo traz uma análise dos principais estudos existentes sobre os custos médios da educação básica e das propostas de alteração dos atuais FP. Além disso, são realizadas simulações aplicando os FP de algumas dessas propostas e avaliados os impactos sobre o valor aluno ano (VAA) de cada tipo de matrícula do Fundeb e os efeitos redistributivos ocorridos entre os entes em decorrência dessas alterações. Conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços trazidos por esses estudos e essas propostas, ainda existem lacunas e deficiências importantes a serem consideradas para uma adequada alteração dos FP, ainda mais considerando os efeitos de redução nos valores de VAA da maioria dos tipos de matrículas, a redução de recursos para boa parte das redes, que já operam com subfinanciamento, e o aumento da desigualdade no sistema educacional brasileiro.
The effect of prostaglandins E2 and F2α on orexin system expression in the porcine uterus during the peri-implantation period
Authors: Kiezun Marta , Dobrzyn Kamil , Gudelska Marlena , Rytelewska Edyta , Kisielewska Katarzyna , Zaobidna Ewa , Orzechowska Kinga , Kopij Grzegorz , Szymanska Karolina , Kaminska Barbara , Kaminski Tadeusz , Smolinska Nina
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and F2α (PGF2α) on orexins (OXA and OXB) secretion (ELISA), prepro-orexin (PPO) gene expression and the content of orexin receptors (OX1R, OX2R) mRNA (qPCR) and proteins (Western blot) in porcine endometrial and myometrial tissue slices during early pregnancy (days 10–28) and on days 10–11 of the oestrous cycle. On days 10–11 of pregnancy, prostaglandins (PGs) decreased the expression of the PPO gene and OXR gene and protein in the endometrium. On days 12– 13, PGs increased OXB secretion, PGE2 enhanced OXA secretion, and PGF2α suppressed PPO expression. On days 15–16, both PGs inhibited PPO expression and OXB secretion, and PGF2α increased OXA release. On days 27–28, PGs decreased PPO mRNA and OX1R protein levels, PGE2 decreased OX2R protein content, and PGF2α decreased OXB secretion. On days 10-11 of the cycle PGs increased the expression of PPO mRNA and OX2R protein, whereas PGE2 increased OX1R protein content. The effect of PGs on orexin system expression in the porcine myometrium was dependent on the animal physiological status and the concentrations of specific PGs. The study demonstrated that PGs exert regulatory effects on orexin system expression in the porcine uterus, which suggests that a local regulatory mechanism could be responsible for modulating uterine metabolism. The observed differences in PGs’ influence on orexin system expression could be attributed to changes in the sensitivity of the studied tissues, associated with the phase of the oestrous cycle, the stage of early pregnancy or PGs concentration.
Rapeseed meal as a feed component in monogastric animal nutrition – a review
Authors: Gołębiewska Kinga , Fraś Anna , Gołębiewski Damian
Published: May 2022

Rapeseed is an important oil crop worldwide, with an annual production of more than 70 million tons. Rapeseed meal (RSM) is a by-product of rapeseed oil production and is second after soybean meal (SBM) in the world production of protein meal. Rapeseed meal derived from black-seeded winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) usually contains between 35 and 40% of crude protein (CP), which is considered to be one of the more valuable plant proteins. It has a good balance of essential amino acids and a very high protein efficiency ratio (PER=3.29). However, full utilisation of this protein is difficult due to presence of the non-protein components of the seed which are associated with it. These are called antinutritional factors and they limit the utilisation of RSM in monogastric animal nutrition. The main antinutritional factors in RSM are dietary fibre, glucosinolates, phytic acid, and phenolic compounds (sinapine, tannins). For many years, research has been conducted in many centres around the world to improve the nutritional value of RSM, which will consequently increase its use in feeding monogastric animals. The attempts that have been undertaken include breeding strategy, optimisation, modernisation and better control of the oil extraction process, as well as technological treatments of seeds and meal. This review provides information on how RSM has evolved in recent years, as well as on its nutritive value, particularly protein, fibre and glucosinolate content. Techniques which have been used to improve the nutritional value of rapeseed products are also discussed. However, the used methods do not allow for full replacement soybean meal by RSM in monogastric animal nutrition.
A Study on a Recuperative Suspension as an Alternative Energy Source
Authors: Zizivadze Omari , Kachakhidze Isidore , Geguchadze Archil , Zivzivadze Badri , Kuparadze Anzor , Sulakvelidze Nata
Published: May 2022

The paper describes the problem of using the vehicle’s suspension as a source of an alternative energy. One of the best ways to improve the vehicle efficiency and its smooth ride is to make some rational changes in the vehicle design, one of which is to convert the mechanical energy accumulated in the vehicle’s suspension into electricity. The shock absorber in the suspension has been replaced with two different-type new recuperative devices, which replace the shock absorber and convert into electricity the loads coming from the road irregularities to pavement.
Lithology Evaluation of Nahr Umr Formation Using AI with Vp/Vs relationship at Amara Oil Field, Southern Iraq
Authors: Jaleel Hiba Tarq , Al- Banna Ahmed S. , Al-Sharaa Ghazi H.
Published: May 2022

The litholog     of Nahr Umr Formation was evaluated using the Acoustic Impedance (AI), Vp/Vs ratio cross plot colored by petrophysical properties (Vsh, PHIT, PHIE, and Sw) in Am-6-Am-10 wells. Bulk density is an important physical property that reflects matrix density and fluid density that exist in rocks pores. It is used as the main parameters to estimate physical characteristics (porosity, water saturation, shale volume, and others). AI was calculated using RHOB and VP logs. Shear velocity was calculated using Greenberg Castagna equations used for estimating the Vp/Vs ratio and the result Showed that the Nahr Umr Formation is composed of two main lithological units. The upper unit (depth 3540m -3672m) is composed of limestone (limestone with low shale volume and low porosity high AI and limestone with high shale volume of high porosity and low AI), while the lower unit (depth 3672m-3740m composed of sandstone with a high volume of shale have the lower AI value.  The type of fluid was high water saturation in the carbonate part with low effective porosity and hydrocarbons existing in the sandstone part with lower acoustic impedance value.
Assessment of Liver, Thyroid Gland and Growth Hormone Functions in Beta Thalassemia Major
Authors: Faiq Ary Bahman , Hamabor Salah Omer , Hama Salih Mariwan Abdulla
Published: May 2022

Labile plasma iron and tissue iron overload are major complications of thalassemia disease that increase mortality rate. The iron that is exceeding the capacity of transferrin and ferritin is the leading cause of cell oxidation of many organs such as liver, heart, endocrine systems, etc. This study is designed to investigate the status of liver, thyroid gland and the growth hormone in beta thalassemia patients. In a cross-sectional study, 65 samples of beta thalassemia major were taken who were on a regular chelation therapy and blood transfusion and were to be compared with reference values. The results of the study estimated that 98.46% of the cases had high serum ferritin level, 12.3% high ALT, 27.7% high AST, 86.15% high ALP, 69.23% high total serum bilirubin, and 36.92% high TSH level.  The results revealed that more than half of the patients had Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD).  The serum ferritin was found to be correlated with ALT and AST enzymes (p< 0.01. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin can be good markers for monitoring bile duct obstruction resulted from hemolysis and blood transfusion.
A Review on Face Detection Based on Convolution Neural Network Techniques
Authors: Dhahir Hayder Kadhim , Salman Nassir Hussein
Published: May 2022

Face detection is one of the important applications of biometric technology and image processing. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been successfully used with great results in the areas of image processing as well as pattern recognition. In the recent years, deep learning techniques specifically CNN techniques have achieved marvellous accuracy rates on face detection field. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of face detection research and applications that use various CNN methods and algorithms. This paper presents ten of the most recent studies and illustrate the achieved performance of each method.
Formação prática na Residência Pedagógica em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Tardin Heitor Perrud , Romero Luiz Rogério
Published: May 2022

O Programa Residência Pedagógica (PRP) se apresenta nos últimos anos como uma iniciativa para contribuir com a formação inicial, principalmente promovendo a prática e o contato dos licenciandos com seu futuro local de trabalho e professores atuantes. No entanto, o grave cenário pandêmico causado pela COVID-19 influenciou o cenário educacional em proporções globais, e com isso a formação prática foi prejudicada. Entender como o Programa contribuiu com o desenvolvimento dos futuros docentes é essencial para avaliar e aprimorar o PRP, assim como auxiliar na formação dos graduandos envolvidos. Conclui-se que apesar dos obstáculos impostos, o PRP foi crucial para os residentes, pois o contato direto (mesmo que remoto) com os preceptores foi essencial para expandir seu “repertório de saberes” e se prepararem para o futuro. Outro ponto destacado foi a troca de experiências entre os pares, colaborando para a solução de problemas envolvendo aulas a distância e socialização de saberes.
A genetic and chemical study of six Oedipodinae species (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acrididae) from Algeria
Authors: SOFRANE Zina , DUPONT Simon , DOUMANDJI Salaheddine , BAGNÈRES Anne-Geneviève
Published: May 2022

The Oedipodinae subfamily is the most species-rich and numerically abundant group of Acrididae in Algeria. Here, genetic and chemical data were used to characterize the identities of six species: Oedipoda miniata mauritanica (Lucas, 1849); Acrotylus patruelis (Herrich-Shaeffer, 1838); A. insubricus insubricus (Scopoli, 1786); Sphingonotus (Neosphingonotus) azurescens (Rambur, 1838); Sphingonotus (Neosphingonotus) finotianus (Saussure, 1885); and Sphingoderus carinatus (Saussure, 1888). Individuals were collected from two different sites in the Sétif region of northeastern Algeria. First, specimens were classified based on their morphological traits. Second, phylogenetic analysis was performed using DNA barcoding data (COI gene). Third, the specimens’ cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) were analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis revealed clear distinctions among the species. The chemotaxonomic analysis highlighted CHC profile similarities between S. azurescens and S. finotianus and CHC profile differences between A. patruelis and A. i. insubricus. Compared to S. azurescens and S. finotianus, S. carinatus had n-alkanes and trimethylalkanes with much shorter carbon chains. The genetic and chemical data obtained here have helped clarify differences within and between genera. These data also enabled to clearly distinguish among the six species.
Temporal dynamics of Epormenis cestri Berg (Hemiptera: Flatidae) and its association with the landscape components of the Entre Rios Littoral
Authors: CAVIGLIASSO Pablo , MESSINA Natalia , BARRETO Carolina G. , ROMAN Lilian , BULACIO CAGNOLO Natalia V. , RODRIGUEZ Graciela A.
Published: May 2022

The condition called "river disease" (MDR by its acronym in Spanish) is an intoxication in immature stages of honey bees caused by a compound from the genus Sebastiania Spreng and concentrated in the exudates of Epormenis cestri Berg. Our objective was to determine the temporal dynamics of the life cycle of E. cestri, its association with the predominant vegetation components and the influence of the Uruguay river on the size of its populations. With this aim, we selected 5 sites in the vicinity of the Uruguay river where populations of E. cestri were sampled using the Stem-tap technique modified for this purpose. The effect of landscape components on the abundance of E. cestri was evaluated using GLMM. It was determined that the hatching of the E. cestri eggs was in mid-October, finding a staggered distribution of its phenophases. In addition, we found significantly negative effects of the Espinal forest cover and the increase in the distance from the banks of the Uruguay river on the total abundance of E. cestri. This work shows some first clues for the understanding of how the components of the landscape structure the populations of E. cestri, allowing to predict the critical moment of incidence of MDR.
Relative abundance and use of resources by Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, D. simulans Sturtevant and Zaprionus indianus Gupta (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in localities of northern Argentina
Authors: FANARA Juan J. , IMBERTI Marcos , LAVAGNINO Nicolás J.
Published: May 2022

Zaprionus indianus Gupta is an invasive pest species that has colonized the American continent in the last 20 years. This species is a polyphagous species that with Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and D. simulans Sturtevant utilized a wide variety of fruits as breeding and feeding resources. In the present study we quantified the relative abundance of these species in adult and emerged samples collected from various hosts (commercial fruits) in different localities in northern Argentina. We detected overlapping of rearing and feeding resources between the analyzed species although, our results revealed that the relative abundance between Drosophila and Z. indianus species varied between both adult and emerged samples. This result revealed a differential use of resources and/or interspecific competition.
Detection of the "poplar moth", Leucoptera sinuella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), in Argentina
Authors: SAN BLAS German , QUIROGA Viviana , HOLGADO Miriam
Published: May 2022

The presence of Leucoptera sinuella (Reutti) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), commonly known as the poplar moth, is cited for the first time for Argentina and, in particular, for the province of Mendoza. This economically important microlepidoptera mines poplar leaves (Populus spp.), reducing photosynthetic activity. Additionally, it can migrate to neighboring crops, for example, apple crops, pupating in its pedicle cavity. In Chile, it has caused the quarantine rejection of this fruit in countries such as the United States and Mexico. For all these reasons, monitoring the species, analyzing its establishment and taking control measures to prevent its spreading to other regions of the country, are imperative for the evaluation of this economically important species.
Damage caused by the weevil Listroderes foveatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in sunflower crops in southeastern Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: TULLI María C. , MARTIARENA Diego A. , DIVITA Ignacio F. , MATEOS INCHAUSPE Facundo , CARMONA Dora M. , DEL RÍO María G.
Published: May 2022

Sunflowers are attacked by insect pests at various stages of crop development. Among them there is a complex of species of Coleoptera order, genus Listroderes Schoenherr, commonly known as “sunflower weevils”. The adults affect the crop at the early stages of its development. During 2019-2020 growing season, adult of Listroderes foveatus (Lea) species caused significant losses in the sunflower plant stand, in several sunflower plots of the southeastern region of Buenos Aires province. Damage at basal level of the plant stem was registered. Depending on the vegetative development stage, they caused their cut or strangulation, followed by overturning and subsequent death. The magnitude of the damage caused was reflected in the need for total or partial resowing in several sunflower plots.
Resiliencia hídrica. Un análisis comparativo de Suelos Hidro Conductores entre sabanas de la frontera agrícola
Authors: Castro Méndez Carlos Enrique , Agualimpia Dualiby Yolima Del Carmen
Published: May 2022

El propósito de este artículo es comprender la función de los suelos hidro-conductores SHC en sectores representativos de las sabanas estacional de la Orinoquía y del altiplano, para comparar los grados de resiliencia hídrica ante la implementación de programas agrícolas intensivos provenientes de la creación de la frontera agrícola, así como de la delimitación de áreas productivas y áreas ambientales. El método aplicado obtiene sus bases teóricas de la descolonización del saber eurocentrista de Boaventura de Souza Santos con el que se justifica un análisis integral que parte de la memoria histórica territorial, continúa con el análisis de los paisajes, las características de los suelos e incluye el análisis de los servicios ambientales. Se confrontó la oferta hídrica natural con las necesidades de los cultivos que se proponen para estos sectores.
De acuerdo con los resultados las sabanas localizadas dentro de la frontera agrícola presentan diferente capacidad natural para afrontar un uso intensivo y su implementación afectaría de manera distintiva los caudales bases de los ríos. La sabana estacional de la Orinoquía colombiana presentó las mayores limitaciones y sus tierras se denominaron de muy baja resiliencia, esto orienta el uso agrícola a decisiones comprometidas con el medio ambiente.
¿Religión y ciencia sin creencia?
Authors: Cíntora Armando
Published: May 2022

Se describen dos ejemplos de tradiciones religiosas en las que se enfatiza el ritual, la ortopraxis, para posteriormente argumentar que ejemplos como estos hacen sicológica y sociológicamente plausible la actitud hacia la religión de un Sexto Empírico, para el que la religión es exclusivamente ritualista, sin doctrina, mientras suspende el juicio sobre el credo, sobre la ortodoxia; se argumenta que los pirrónicos también procedían así con relación a la medicina. Se esboza un argumento en favor de un pirronismo rústico.
La separación de las Formas platónicas: una crítica a la interpretación de Gail Fine
Authors: Peña Raigoza Jesús Alfonso
Published: May 2022

Según Aristóteles, las Formas platónicas son problemáticas porque son separadas de sus participantes. Una interpretación reciente de Gail Fine propone que, para Aristóteles, dicha separación no es categórica, como se ha mantenido tradicionalmente, sino modal, y que esto es consistente con los diálogos platónicos. Además, Fine sostiene que ver a la separación de esta manera podría hacer a la teoría platónica menos objetable. En este trabajo presento varios argumentos en contra de que la separación de las Formas sea modal, pues suponer tal cosa conlleva problemas de tipo textual y de coherencia interna. Por ende, las objeciones a la separación deberían ser contestadas de otra manera.
La explicación de los nombres de ficción. Santamaría, F. (2016). Hacer mundos: el nombrar y la significatividad. Siglo del hombre editores
Authors: García Berger Mario
Published: May 2022

En su reciente libro titulado Hacer mundos: el nombrar y la significatividad, el profesor Freddy Santamaría Velasco, de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, elabora una explicación de cómo los nombres de ficción tienen significado. Su propuesta se sitúa, digámoslo así, a medio camino entre las teorías referencialistas y las descripcionistas del significado. El libro empieza con una revisión del tratamiento que tanto Gottlob Frege como Bertrand Russell dieron al problema de la significatividad de los nombres.
Desertification danger: the aridification of humid regions
Authors: Vimpere Lucas
Published: May 2022

Several periods in the Earth's history were warmer than today and provide insight into future impacts of global warming. Climate and atmospheric changes can reactivate the continental dunes presently stabilised by vegetation. They are most likely to be reactivated in today's humid regions, threatening desertification within the densely-populated temperate zones of the northern hemisphere.