bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of three morphotypes of garlic using quantative traits based on bulb characters in Niger Republic
Authors: Abdou R. , So T.K.A. , Halilou A. I. , Bakasso Y.
Published: March 2022

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a bulbous plant from the Alliaceae family, mainly produced in the dry seasons under irrigation in Niger. The objective of this study was to assess garlic morphotypes for their agronomic performance traits. The experiment was conducted at the Université de Zinder in Niger Republic, in a randomised complete block design during the dry season of 2019-2020. Data were collected on bulb diameter, bulb length, bulb weight, number of cloves per bulb, clove diameter, clove length, clove weight, number of outer clove lets per clove, outer clove lets diameter, outer clove lets length, and outer clove lets weight. There were significant differences for all characters, except bulb weight, clove diameter and number of outer clove lets per clove. The morphotypes Pink and Dark purple revealed good performances and could be useful for a breeding programme.
Outcomes of the Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA)
Authors: Mecenero Silvia , Edge David A. , Staude Hermann S. , Coetzer Bennie H. , Coetzer André J. , Raimondo Domitilla C. , Williams Mark C. , Armstrong Adrian J. , Ball Jonathan B. , Bode Justin D. , Cockburn Kevin N.A. , Dobson Chris M. , Dobson Jeremy C.H. , Henning Graham A. , Morton Andrew S. , Pringle Ernest L. , Rautenbach Fanie , Selb Harald E.T. , Van Der Colff Dewidine , Woodhall Steve E.
Published: March 2022

The Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA) was a collaborative venture between the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa (LepSoc Africa), the Brenton Blue Trust (BBT) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), and formed part of the National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). SALCA was founded on the importance of Lepidoptera both ecologically and as biodiversity indicators and the proven expertise of the participants during the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA). The main outcomes of the SALCA project are presented and discussed here.The SALCA tool, a custom-designed interactive distribution database, enabled high quality data to be derived so that accurate conservation assessments could be produced in accordance with IUCN methodology. The Red Lists of SALCA and SABCA facilitated the first opportunity to calculate the Red List Index (RLI) for South African butterflies during the period from 2012–2018. Other metrics required for the NBA included protection level and threats analyses. A further outcome was the critical habitat mapping for butterflies, which formed part of a screening tool implemented by SANBI, to ensure that land use changes did not cause any further loss of butterfly biodiversity.A comprehensive distribution database was developed for South African moths, enabling data to be analysed so that moth species potentially threatened could be short-listed for further investigation.Geographical hotspots and ecosystems (vegetation types) containing butterflies of conservation concern are highlighted. The societal, economic and human wellbeing benefits of conserving Lepidoptera are identified. Responses by LepSoc Africa to the increasing pressures on South African Lepidoptera biodiversity, are also reported on and discussed. The significant outcomes of SABCA and SALCA are benchmarked against a well-known European butterfly atlasing and conservation assessment project.The 165 SALCA Red Lists and conservation assessments are presented at the end of this publication.
Article continued - Outcomes of the Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA)
Authors: Mecenero Silvia , Edge David A. , Staude Hermann S. , Coetzer Bennie H. , Coetzer André J. , Raimondo Domitilla C. , Williams Mark C. , Armstrong Adrian J. , Ball Jonathan B. , Bode Justin D. , Cockburn Kevin N.A. , Dobson Chris M. , Dobson Jeremy C.H. , Henning Graham A. , Morton Andrew S. , Pringle Ernest L. , Rautenbach Fanie , Selb Harald E.T. , Van Der Colff Dewidine , Woodhall Steve E.
Published: March 2022

Issue consists of one article divided into downloadable PDFS.

The Southern African Lepidoptera Conservation Assessment (SALCA) was a collaborative venture between the Lepidopterists’ Society of Africa (LepSoc Africa), the Brenton Blue Trust (BBT) and the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), and formed part of the National Biodiversity Assessment (NBA). SALCA was founded on the importance of Lepidoptera both ecologically and as biodiversity indicators and the proven expertise of the participants during the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA). The main outcomes of the SALCA project are presented and discussed here.The SALCA tool, a custom-designed interactive distribution database, enabled high quality data to be derived so that accurate conservation assessments could be produced in accordance with IUCN methodology. The Red Lists of SALCA and SABCA facilitated the first opportunity to calculate the Red List Index (RLI) for South African butterflies during the period from 2012–2018. Other metrics required for the NBA included protection level and threats analyses. A further outcome was the critical habitat mapping for butterflies, which formed part of a screening tool implemented by SANBI, to ensure that land use changes did not cause any further loss of butterfly biodiversity.A comprehensive distribution database was developed for South African moths, enabling data to be analysed so that moth species potentially threatened could be short-listed for further investigation.Geographical hotspots and ecosystems (vegetation types) containing butterflies of conservation concern are highlighted. The societal, economic and human wellbeing benefits of conserving Lepidoptera are identified. Responses by LepSoc Africa to the increasing pressures on South African Lepidoptera biodiversity, are also reported on and discussed. The significant outcomes of SABCA and SALCA are benchmarked against a well-known European butterfly atlasing and conservation assessment project.The 165 SALCA Red Lists and conservation assessments are presented at the end of this publication.
Leaf multiplicity in a Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson tree
Authors: Brandenberger Anna M. , Devroye Luc , Goh Marcel K. , Zhao Rosie Y.
Published: March 2022

This note defines a notion of multiplicity for nodes in a rooted tree and
presents an asymptotic calculation of the maximum multiplicity over all leaves
in a Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson tree with critical offspring distribution $\xi$,
conditioned on the tree being of size $n$. In particular, we show that if $S_n$
is the maximum multiplicity in a conditional Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson tree,
then $S_n = \Omega(\log n)$ asymptotically in probability and under the further
assumption that ${\bf E}\{2^\xi\} < \infty$, we have $S_n = O(\log n)$
asymptotically in probability as well. Explicit formulas are given for the
constants in both bounds. We conclude by discussing links with an alternate
definition of multiplicity that arises in the root-estimation problem.
Determining Number of Kneser Graphs: Exact Values and Improved Bounds
Authors: Das Angsuman , Dey Hiranya Kishore
Published: March 2022

The determining number of a graph $G = (V,E)$ is the minimum cardinality of a
set $S\subseteq V$ such that pointwise stabilizer of $S$ under the action of
$Aut(G)$ is trivial. In this paper, we provide some improved upper and lower
bounds on the determining number of Kneser graphs. Moreover, we provide the
exact value of the determining number for some subfamilies of Kneser graphs.
The COVID-19 Paradox and Exit Strategy for Nepal
Authors: Thakur Rahul Kumar , Singh Rajshree , Shrestha Gambhir , Gautam Swotantra , Singh Sunil Kumar
Published: March 2022

Nepal’s challenges in combating the COVID-19 pandemic include a fragile economy, inadequate preparedness, open borders with India, and China. So far, Nepal has a toll of 22972 cases with 75 deaths as of August 10, 2020. Although, certain postulates like innate factors and the difference in virulence among different strains may have some protective effect as shown by the mild clinical picture in COVID-19 affected Nepalese citizens; the escalation of the daily number of cases is very alarming when the active cases in most of the countries are decreasing. So far, the cases have an increasing trend which shows that the government’s strategies are not working in favor of limiting the disease. This paper reviews how Nepal is tackling pandemic, comparing its strategy with the global scenario and reviewing efficiency of our previously adopted measures with an aim to understand the paradox of unique trend of pandemic in the South Asian region. With unsatisfactory results of current steps and injured economy, Nepal needs revise its strategy especially addressing the areas that need strengthening and incorporate this with the current re-opening plans as we move towards normalcy. Therefore, the government needs to come up with effective strategies including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery to manage this global pandemic.
Design and Analysis of Area Efficient 128 Bytes SRAM Architecture
Authors: Srinivasarao B.N. , Rao K. Chandrabhushana
Published: March 2022

SRAM Memory architecture design and implementation is a challenging task for memory applications. Practical architecture was developed and used successfully using various double ended SRAM cells like 6 and 4 transistors. But for single ended SRAM cell like 5 transistors or any other number of transistors there is no specific architecture for practical applications. Conventional SRAM architecture has SRAM cell, write driver circuit along with bit inverter, Pre-charge circuit and sense amplifier which consists more, number of transistors required to handle single bit storage. In this paper SRAM architecture is implemented for single ended SRAM cell that is three transistor SRAM cell. Area is reduced by 60% with average power consumption 3.05µW and speed with 20.87GHz. Finally,28 bytes memory structure is implemented and verified its operation.
Experimental and Simulative Analysis of Tire Enveloping Characteristics Based on a Tire Measurement Database
Authors:   Technische Universität Dresden, GERMANY, Pang Yun , Schramm Tobias ,   Technische Universität Dresden, GERMANY, Kubenz Jan ,   Technische Universität Dresden, GERMANY, Prokop Günther ,   Technische Universität Dresden, GERMANY
Published: March 2022

Simulation of ride comfort and durability demands a reliable model for characterizing tire-road interface. Considering of computational efficiency and accuracy, semi-empirical contact models are widely utilized for the calculation of tire forces operating on uneven roads. A subsequent challenge is effective parameterization for a correct prediction of tire performances. However there exist few open publications relating to parameter tuning techniques and parameter value ranges based on a credible database. In this paper, 46 passenger vehicle tires from various tire manufactures, with different sizes, usages and season types were investigated. As a first step toward understanding of the tire-road contact behavior, static stiffness tests, footprint tests and drum-cleat tests were conducted, all of which were vital for the following model parameterization. Test findings reveal tires radial deformation properties, contact patch and quasi-static enveloping characteristics at different operation conditions. Secondly a tandem-cam model was applied to reconstruct real profiles because tires geometry and deformability acts as a geometric filter to road unevenness. With regard to the influence of load variation on tire contact length when rolling over obstacles, an improvement of the original model was made by implementing a load dependent coefficient to the tandem base length, which meant that this parameter value was updated at each integration step of the simulation. Supported by the measurements above, all model parameters were identified with the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm in MATLAB. The effectiveness of the proposed parameterization method was validated through a complete comparison (for all the investigated tires) between cleat test measures and numerical outputs. A further assessment of the simulation quality was conducted by introducing an evaluation criterion, namely the root mean square error. Results showed that on average, the model accuracy approached to 84% for the prediction of the vertical spindle force and was around 71% to the longitudinal spindle force. At the end, the upper and lower bound of each parameter in this enveloping model based on the 46 tire datasets were listed, which provides a statistical insight into the model-based tire characterization as well as a reference for tire and vehicle simulation.
Economic Analysis of Bagging in Litchi Fruit: A Feasibility Estimation from Jammu Region
Authors: Singh Varun Pal
Published: March 2022

The present investigation was carried out at Fruit Nursery, Department of Horticulture, Marallia (Miran Sihab), Jammu during the year 2019-2020. Considering the importance of Dehradun cultivar in Jammu region, the present investigation was under taken to study the effect of different type of bags with the objective to work out the economic feasibility of bagging. The experiment was conducted on twenty year old mature litchi trees cv. Dehradun during the year 2019-2020. Trees planted in square system at 10-meter distance of uniform size, vigour and maintained under uniform cultural practice were selected. The 24 treatment combinations were used comprised of seven different bagging materials with one control (un-bagged) at three different time period of bagging (20 days after fruit set and 40 days after fruit set). Pink polypropylene bagging with highest gross returns, net returns and added returns in all the experiments was found to be most effective type of bagging. The net returns and cost benefit ratio was worked out based on added returns and added cost of bagging. The bagging technique was found to be highly economically viable for adoption in commercial cultivation with a highest cost benefit ratio of 1:2.84, 1:3.56 and 1:3.74, respectively after 20 days, 30 days and 40 days of fruit set due to pink polypropylene bagging. Therefore, on the basis of technical feasibility and economic viability, litchi cultivation must be promoted for export purpose
Trade Competitiveness and Trend Pattern of Plantation Crop Exports in India
Authors: T. Kumareswaran,
Published: March 2022

The foremost focus of this study is to scan the export performance of plantation sector in India for the years 1987-2019 using the CGAR, Cuddy-Della Valle instability index and index number. The analysis mainly draws conclusion on the selected major plantation crop tea, coffee, and cocoa. The analysis of growth trends of plantation crop exports during the overall period registered positive growth rate for export quantity and export unit value. The high growth rates of cocoa products together with high instability indices in the export revealed the prospects for Indian plantation sector in the global market during the post liberalization period. Incase of tea and coffee showed annual growth rate at minimum and instability indicating low to medium range during the overall period. While the trend analysis with the help of index number showed fluctuations in export quantity and export value throughout the study period which may be due to changing policies and its execution at different periods of time. The result indicated that India must give much effort to increase the export share of plantation crop and other value-added plantation products like green tea, toasted coffee grain, cocoa paste etc. to augment the foreign earnings.
Economics of Rapeseed-Mustard Production in Begusarai District of Bihar
Authors: Rathour Sachin
Published: March 2022

An attempt has been made in this study to examine the economic analysis of production of rapeseed-mustard in Begusarai District of Bihar, India. Primary data was collected from 120 rapeseed-mustard growers of Begusarai District from a cluster of three villages each from two blocks through simple random sampling without replacement Technique. Study revealed that average per hectare total cost of cultivation of rapeseed-mustard was estimated as ` 63873 on sample farms and the average gross income obtained was ` 83746.92 per ha. The return to cost ratio was 1:1.39. Therefore, it is suggested that the improved variety of seeds and technology along with proper package and practices should be targeted in these areas to increase the supply. There is a need to step up investment in agricultural research, education, extension to reach among unreached section of society emphasizing quality of production and value addition. The outreach of most modern crop production technology may be facilitated up to the last frame
Instrumentacion de un pulsioximetro basado en la biofisica
Authors: Dutan Amy Andrea Armijos
Published: March 2022

El principio del funcionamiento del pulsioximetro está basado en la luz que es emitida por los dos diodos LED, las cuales se realizan a diferentes longitudes de onda generalmente 650 nm (rojo) y 805 nm (infrarrojo), las mismas logran atravesar el tejido y se censa por un fotodiodo que responde en el mismo ancho de banda. La luz emitida por los diodos es absorbida por el tejido, sangre arterial y la sangre venosa. Cuando el corazón realiza el bombeo de sangre oxigenada a los tejidos, el pulsioximetro no toma en cuenta las absorciones realizadas en el mismo en un estado estacionario y mide solo aquella absorción en los tejidos que son expandidos por la presión de los pulsos.
Critical Review of Ayurvedic and Contemporary Concept of Dushi Visha and its Treatment
Authors: Narayan Pandey  , Anita Sharma  , Amol Kadu  , Rahesh Ali  , Praveen Kumar Yadav
Published: March 2022

Poisoning is a major public health concern that is becoming more common by the day. Poison can be consumed directly or indirectly from a variety of sources. Poisoning can now be found in a variety of areas, including junk food with chemical preservatives, various sorts of growing products like rice and wheat, and pesticide-laced veggies. As a result of diverse human behaviours, water, air, and soil have become contaminated, posing a hazard to human health. According to Ayurvedic doctrine, there are several sources of obtaining of toxins i.e., either through animate, inanimate or Kritim(artificial). Such toxins are accumulated without eliminating through the body or remains with being the less potent inside the body for several years generally called Dushi Visha. All the sign and symptoms of Dushi Visha looks like that of chronic poisoning and varies from organs to organs, where it becomes deposited. Such accumulated Visha then vitiates Dosha and that leads to vitiation of different kinds of Dhatus respectively. like, Rakta Dusti, Kitiva, Vrana, Kotha are the major manifestations that will see after prolong exposure to Dushi Visha. The main line of treatment of Dushi Visha is through Detoxification (i.e., Vamana, Virechana, Raktamokshana karma) followed by Dushivisari Agad Paana, that has mentioned by Charak. Classical text book has mentioned different level of clinical manifestations including sign and Symptoms and its complication along and its management with specific Justification.
Concept of Ayurgenomics in Context to Nutrigenomics
Authors: Soni Kapil  , Laxmita Gaiju
Published: March 2022

Nutrigenomics is an emerging branch of science that creates foundation of the relationship between nutrients from diets and their effects on expression of genomes. It also encompasses the heterogenous response of gene to different nutrients, dietary components and developing nutraceuticals under the heading of nutrigenetics. Exploring the aspects of nutrigenomics has been conceptualised to develop the approaches for the determination of the etiology of different physiological conditions, pathological conditions alongside the management of different morbidities by application of the dietics and also prevention of certain possible gene expression causing morbid conditions. All these facts that diet plays in determination of health or disease have already been mentioned in the ancient times by the scholars of Ayurveda. Ayurgenomics in other side includes of classical facts that has been mentioned in the Ayurvedic classic texts which clearly mentions that the Aahar determines the state of health and diseased conditions in an individual. It determines the individuality in the requirement of the nutritional sources in all different individual is different and unique. When the nutrition for the individual is personalised determining the Prakriti (constitution) of the individual, this will ensure maintaining the health and resolving the diseases in the subject. Also different forms of incompatible combinations of Aahar have also been mentioned in Ayurveda and their different levels of effects in different individual have been described under the topic of Virruddhaahar. Analytical study of these subjects together could be manifested in the management of different pathological conditions or even for the prevention of the disease condition in the field of disease management
Knowledge and Attitude of Market Traders in Using Masks as Personal Protective Equipment during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Public Health Deparment Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Immanuel Bandung, Jl. Kopo 161 Bandung West Java, Indonesia 40234, Fuadah Fahmi
Published: March 2022

Knowledge and attitudes towards health problems are factors related to health behavior. During the pandemic, the use of personal protective equipment is very important to prevent the occurrence of covid-19, for market traders, who must interact directly with buyers. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of traders towards the use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Leuwi Panjang market area. The method used is quantitative research with a cross sectional approach, data obtained from 75 respondents by random sampling using questionnaires and observation sheets. The results of this study indicate that 30 (40.0%). The results of chi square test obtained a p-value of 0.005 > 0.05, which means that there is a relationship between the knowledge of traders on the use of masks and the attitude of traders towards the use of masks, a p-value of 0.01 > 0.05, which means that there is a relationship. There is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes of traders towards the use of masks. The suggestion from this research is to collaborate with the Covid-19 task force and this research provides new knowledge for traders regarding the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of traders towards the use of masks as a personal protective equipment.
Frontalis Sling Procedure for Blepharoptosis Following Trauma to the Head
Authors:   University Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Skopje, Medical Faculty “Ss.Cyril and Methodius”, North Macedonia, Smilja Tudjarova Gjorgova
Published: March 2022

Blepharoptosis is a relatively common condition and the treatment remains unpredictable as the choice of one of the many surgical options relies on the cause of the ptosis. We report a case of severe blepharoptosis, the surgical technique, the materials that were used the post-op outcomes. Frontalis suspension is a commonly used surgery that is indicated in patients with blepharoptosis and poor levator muscle function. This surgery connects the eyelid to the brow with a sling material and utilizes the power of the frontalis muscle to elevate the poorly functioning eyelid. In our, discussion we propose possible treatments in severe blepharoptosis such as resection and advancement of the levator aponeurosis, The Whitnall sling procedure, the frontalis muscle flap procedure, use of fascia lata, and Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection surgery. We elaborate on our predilection for use of the Frontalis sling procedure. Even though our patients may suggest that using general anesthesia is better for their comfort we prefer, and recommend the use of local anesthesia with intravenous sedation due to the advantage of the ease in balancing the lids during surgery. Deciding on which technique to use depends on many factors such as the operator experience, their comfort level with various techniques, the degree of ptosis of levator muscle function.
Rectal Cancer Watch and Wait Approach: A Promising Rectal Salvaging Strategy
Authors: Juma IM  , Saeed MF  , Almahmeed EA  , Elhennawy RYG  , Varkey RG
Published: March 2022

1.1. Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, with rectal cancer being the 10th fatal cancer. The current recommended treatment for locally-advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery, with surgical resection carrying significant postoperative morbidity (intestinal, sexual, urinary) and a negative effect on the quality of life. A newly developed strategy is ‘watch and wait approach’ that renounces surgical resection in the setting of complete clinical response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy only with regular follow ups
Oral Minocycline Challenge as a Potential First-Line Therapy for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Long Covid-19 Syndrome
Authors: K Miwa
Published: March 2022

Chronic fatigue syndrome characterized by severe disabling fatigue, prolonged post-exertional malaise, and unrefreshing sleep markedly reduces the activities of daily living and impairs the quality of life. Central nervous system dysfunction associated with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) has been postulated as the main cause of chronic fatigue syndrome. Recently, oral minocycline therapy has been reported to exert favorable therapeutic effects in some patients with ME, especially in the initial stage of the disease, although many patients discontinued treatment in the first few days because of acute adverse effects such as nausea and/or dizziness. Minocycline appeared to exert a variety of biologic actions against neural inflammation that are independent of their anti-microbial activity, including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects. In recent years, it has been noted that COVID-19 disease may cause persistent signs and symptoms described as post-COVID syndrome or long COVID, in which the clinical presentation is remarkably similar to those seen in patients with ME. A wide range of infectious agents have been suggested to trigger the development of ME, and one of such pathogens may be the COVID-19 virus. Recently, I had a valuable experience of a 22-year-old female patient with a 14-month duration of long COVID who completely recovered from ME-like symptoms after treatment with minocycline. This case suggests that oral minocycline could be an effective first-line therapy for long COVID-19, although a large scale of trial is obviously needed to justify the therapy.
The New Scientific Foundation of Fluid Therapy in Shock Management
Authors: M Ghanem Ahmed Nasr
Published: March 2022

Intravenous fluids are commonly prescribed, but uncertainty remains about how to assess when fluids are required and how much to give [1]. Two recent guidelines have acknowledged a limited evidence base to guide fluid assessment. A recommended means to assess hypovolaemia includes assessment of fluid responsiveness. Fluid responsiveness is a rise in stroke volume following an increase in preload, achieved using a fluid challenge or a passive leg raise. However, the means of defining fluid responsiveness and its ability to identify patients who would benefit from fluid resuscitation is currently unclear.
Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Type 1 Diabetes in A Male Patient: A Case Report
Authors: A Nkhaili , R Semlali , M Aouroud , F Chakor , AA Errami , S Oubaha , Z Samlani , K Krati
Published: March 2022

Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) isa cholestatic disease of autoimmune origin characterized by the destruction of small to medium size intrahepatic bile ducts due to lymphocytic infiltration. The diagnosis is made by the presence of Anti-Mitochondrial Antibodies (AMAs) specific for the disease. PBC typically affects middle-aged women and is often associated with other autoimmune pathologies which are in decreasing order of frequency: Sjogren's syndrome, autoimmune dysthyroidism, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and celiac diseasewhich are also more common in women. Few clinical studies evaluate the presentation of PBC in men with concomitant type 1 diabetes due to its low incidence compared to the prevalence of PBC in women.This case report presents that of a male patient with type 1 diabetes, admitted for cholestatic jaundice with pruritus, and in whom the diagnosis of PBC was only made late in the cirrhosis stage
Assets of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles for Early Diagnosis and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer by Liquid Biopsy
Authors: Tatischeff I
Published: March 2022

Gastric cancer (GC) is an important human cancer, which needs new biomarkers for early diagnosis in order to improve the patients outcome. The aim of this review is to stress the huge interest of extracellular vesicles circulating into blood and other body fluids, as potential candidates for early diagnosis of gastric cancer. After briefly recalling the previous blood-based liquid biopsies as a non-invasive help to GC diagnosis and the main properties of extracellular vesicles, the review will be focused on the recent progressive emergence of exosomes as important partners in GC liquid biopsy. Faced with the always increasing number of exosomal biomarker candidates, the necessity of two independent searches is suggested. The biologists need to solve some pending biological problems about extracellular vesicles, and the eukaryotic microorganism Dictyostelium discoideum might be an appealing both "in vitro and in vivo" model for that purpose. On the other hand, the protocols for isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and their cargoes have to be strictly standardized for a further validation at a large scale, prerequisite for an efficient clinical translation of some promising biomarker (s) for gastric cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Urban Flooding Assessment using SWMM Model
Authors: Khandelwal Aman
Published: March 2022

To avoid the Urban Flooding scenario during rainy season, accessing the ground reality of the study area and running a SWAT analysis would help us to access and study the sub catchment parameters. The present case study of IIT Delhi campus will help us to deal to provide a solution to storm water management problem in an urbanized area. A two-dimensional (2D) SWMM model will be used to access the natural stream flow in the study area and 24 hours rainfall data is used as input parameters. This model will assess how to design an efficient drainage system and how we can overcome the flooding phenomenon. This study provides the insights that how importance it is channelized storm water flow according to natural stream flows.
Sistem Keamanan Untuk Otorisasi Pada Smart Home Menggunakan Pengenalan Wajah Dengan Library OpenCV
Authors: Riyadani Moh Eki , Subiyanto Subiyanto
Published: March 2022

As industrial 4.0 advances such as Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Cloud Computing , and Artificial Intelligent  (AI) has prompted reseachers to innovate in various fields, including security systems. The security system is an important issue due to rise of theft in a residence. A security system is needed for home authorizon to prevent the crime of theft. Security systems are built using facial recognition. The research proposes to develop a security system using facial recognition  based Raspberry Pi with Python programming and utilize the OpenCV. System testing includes training function testing, facial recognition function, image delevery function, decision-making function, and system performance testing, system performance for facial recognition is calculated using confusion matrix formula that produces 100% sensitivity, 13% specitificity, and 97% accuracy.
Terms of Trade for Selected Crops in Rajasthan: Insights on Farmers’ Complex Crop Choice Behaviour
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Madhu , Manjunatha B. L. , Hajong Dipika
Published: March 2022

This study estimated the Terms of Trade (TOT) between the input and output prices for pearl millet, wheat, paddy and gram crops cultivated in Jaipur, Sri Ganganagar, Hanumangarh and Ajmer districts respectively in Rajasthan state for the period 1996-97 to 2018-19. It was found that the Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Procurement Price Index (PPI) and Farm Harvest Price Index (FHPI) have increased consistently for all crops with a CAGR ranging from 5-8 per cent p.a. The CAGR of Composite Input Price Index (CIPI) was always higher (ranging from 6-8% p.a.) than the PPI and FHPI indicating that the input prices have increased at a much higher rate than the output prices during the study period. Analysis revealed that TOT (ratio of PPI to CIPI and ratio of FHPI to CIPI) for all crops for most of the years was unfavourable (<100) as evident from negative CAGR (ranging from -0.15 to -2.40% p.a.). The selection of the base year in which output prices are around 150% (i.e. 1.5 times the cost of cultivation) of the composite input prices for estimating TOT is recommended. The study further explored as to why farmers cultivated these crops despite declining and negative TOT.
Estimation of Farmers’ Willingness-to-Pay for Quality Planting Material of Greater Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)
Authors: Sivakumar P. Sethuraman , Nedunchezhiyan M. , Adhiguru P. , Jata S. K.
Published: March 2022

Greater yam being a commercial tuber crop in Odisha state occupying a prominent place in food basket, the importance of meeting the planting material demand of the farmers, was realized by the ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute and initiated mass efforts to multiply the high-yielding and disease-resistant varieties of yam to supply to farmers as quality planting materials.. As the farmers’ willingness to pay for the planting material depends on their assessment of the utility of each attribute of it, a research investigation was carried out in Odisha to estimate the utility value of each yam planting material attribute from the farmers’ perspective. The utility values for each planting material attribute were estimated through a choice-based conjoint analysis. Results indicated that yield had the highest utility level (30 t/ha = 5.20 and 25 t/ha = 2.60), followed by planting material price (Rs. 30/kg = 1.147) and culinary quality (excellent quality = 0.794). The marginal WTP for the yield 30 t/ha versus 25 t/ha was Rs 4.54/kg. It clearly shows that the farmers were willing to pay an additional amount of Rs 4.54/kg for a quality yam planting material that gave a higher yield than their variety.
Impact of Cluster Front Line Demonstrations on Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in valley areas of Manipur
Authors: Singh Laishram Kanta , Zimik Lydia , Devi S. Roma
Published: March 2022

In Imphal district of Manipur, the field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a prominent rabi season pulse crop. In comparison to other sections of the country, however, its output is quite poor. The productivity and economics of cluster front line demonstrations, as well as the adoption of newest production technologies including technology and extension gap by 50 Cluster Front Line Demonstrations (CFLD) farmers and 50 non-CFLD farmers were investigated during 2018-19 to 2020-21. The results revealed that average yield of the demonstration were 15.33 q/ha against the potential yield of 22 q/ha. The yield gap of 6.67 q/ha indicates that there still a technology gap and still there is big scope for increasing the yield. The percentage of increase in yield in CFLD ranged from 38.43 to 40.17 per cent with an average increase of 39.57 per cent over the farmers practice in local check plots. The extension yield gap fluctuated between 27.97 and 28.64 per cent. Overall it is concluded that cluster frontline demonstrations (CFLD) proved an effective tool for increasing the productivity of field pea.
Client’s Satisfaction towards Indian Veterinary Research Institute- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic Services: A Case Study
Authors: Biam Kamni P. , Chander Mahesh , Paul Pampi
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted at Indian Veterinary Research Institute- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic (RVP), Izatnagar, to assess the client’s satisfaction on the overall veterinary service provided by the polyclinic from 2019-2020. A total of 60 clients visiting the RVP were at random selected irrespective of the animal they brought and place they belong too. 95 per cent of the clients prefer IVRI-RVP over other private or government-run clinics because of nominal consultation fees and 93.33 per cent due to their belief in the Institutes’ reliability of treatment of the diseases diagnosed on their animals. All the clients agreed that the IVRI-RVP cleanliness was very satisfactory, 98.33 per cent of them felt that the veterinarians were courteous and genuinely concerned for their animals and clearly explained their problems upon diagnosis. 56.67 per cent of the clients rated the overall quality of veterinary services as very good and were more than happy to recommend the polyclinic to their families and friends.
Perception of Farmers towards Custom Hiring Service Centres in Tumakuru District of Karnataka
Authors: Kadaraiah Anil , Jirli Basavaprabhu , Yarazari Shivananda P. , Nandini H. M. , Chaubey P. N.
Published: March 2022

The study was carried out in Tumakuru district of Karnataka state during the year 2019- 20. Eight taluks and 130 farmers were selected where the Custom Hiring Service Centres were working effectively. The majority of the farmers strongly agreed with helps in overcoming the problem of labour through custom hiring service centre, for visiting farmers field after completion of the work, farmers pays only for the number of acres or number of hours used. The overall perception of farmers indicated that 43.8 % were categorized under favourable level of perception towards CHSC. The small and medium-sized farmers could not possess the modern machinery, due to high hiring charges with private vendors they were unable to take the farm machinery for the rent and some of the large farmers also were in great need of the modern machinery thus they require modern machinery through custom hiring. Hence, extension efforts need to be more strengthened to create awareness among the farming community about the services available in CHSCs.
Response of Green Gram Demonstrated Technology under Cluster Front Line Demonstration in Samastipur, Bihar, India
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Tiwari R. K. , Upadhaya Bharati , Kumar Shailesh , Kumar Ranjan
Published: March 2022

Cluster Front Line Demonstration on green gram was conducted during 2016-17 to 2017- 18 in Samastipur district of Bihar to evaluate the performance of improved management techniques in green gram during each year. Performance of demonstrated technology revealed the highest number of nodules/plant at 20 DAS (12.78 & 11.92) & 40 DAS (26.83 & 25.14) and dry weight of nodules/plant at 20 DAS (29.14 & 78.57) & at 40 DAS (26.87 & 73.26) was observed in CFLD. Highest grain yield of (14.20 & 11.20 q/ha) were recorded in demonstrated plot over farmers’ practice during both the years. Lowest technology index was observed in demonstrated technology, 29.0 per cent and 43.8 per cent, respectively. The extension gap varied from 3.62 to 4.855 q/ha. Maximum net returns (Rs. 44,630/ha during 2016-17 and Rs. 40,740/ha in 2017-18) was obtained with higher benefit-cost ratio 2.69 and 2.53, respectively compared to 1.99 in case of local check. The results clearly indicate that use of improved package of practice with scientific intervention under cluster frontline demonstration programme led to increase the productivity and profitability of green gram.
Determinant of Access to Credit and Availing Subsidies for Protected Cultivation in Maharashtra
Authors: Prakash P. , Kumar Pramod , Kishore Prabhat , Jaganathan D. , Immanuel Sheela , Raj S. Varadha
Published: March 2022

Protected cultivation requires high initial investment and intensive use of inputs for crop production but offers better yield which in turn increases the profitability of the farm. The study attempts to explore the economics of protected cultivation with different interest rates regime and subsidy in Pune and Nasik districts of Maharashtra conducted during 2018-19. About 95 to 97 per cent of the farmers availed subsidy from the government and the rest of the farmers constructed their polyhouse and shade net house without subsidy. About 47 to 50 per cent of the total cost was given as subsidy. Heckman selection model showed that the factors such as years of education, farm size, farm income, membership and occupation were the major determinants of access to credit. The study also indicated that household age, farm size, farm income, distance from the market and access to subsidies were important drivers of technology adoption. Among all, the access to subsidy reflected the availability of external capital support as one of the determining factors for adoption of technology. The factors responsible for non-repayment of loans were increase in farm income, family size and years of schooling.
Seed Production of Selected Crops in Telangana State, India: Assessment of Demand, Supply and Constraints
Authors: Reddy Pannala Divakar , K Seema , Kumari R. Vijaya , Sreenivasulu M. , Chary D. Srinivasa , Manjunatha B. L.
Published: March 2022

The study estimated the gap in demand and supply of seed production in paddy, groundnut and soybean in Telangana state from 2012-13 to 2016-17. There was a surplus in paddyseed production (95 to 216%), which was exported to other states; inconsistency in groundnut seed production and deficit in few years was met through seed imported from Gujarat state; and deficit in soybean (13 to 80%) was met by imports from Madhya Pradesh. The constraints in seed production were assessed through primary data collected during 2017-18, using the multistage random sampling technique. Farmers reported that
Captura fotográfica gigapíxel de obras de arte
Authors:   Universitat Politècnica de València, Cabezos Bernal Pedro , Rodríguez Navarro Pablo ,   Universitat Politècnica de València, Gil Piqueras Teresa ,   Universitat Politècnica de València
Published: March 2022

La captura gigapíxel es una técnica muy novedosa que está empezando a ser utilizada por importantes museos internacionales como medio de documentación, análisis y divulgación. Esta publicación expone los logros de un proyecto de investigación centrado en documentar y divulgar importantes obras de arte pictóricas del patrimonio valenciano mediante imágenes fotográficas de ultra alta resolución o resolución gigapíxel.En este trabajo se ha utilizado esta metodología para documentar las principales obras del Museo de Bellas Artes de València y otras pertenecientes a la Diputación de València, al Fondo de Arte de la Universitat Politècnica de València y algunas obras de juventud del pintor valenciano Leopoldo García Ramón.
The Klobuchar Bill: Is Something Rotten in the US Antitrust Legislative Reform?
Authors: Ilić Nikola
Published: March 2022

An intense public debate is currently taking place in the US. The main subject of this debate is tech giants and the antitrust law reform. The fundamental dilemma is whether giant corporations, such as Apple, Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Facebook, fit the traditional antitrust law or not. Senator Klobuchar proposed the new bill (the Competition and Antitrust Law Enforcement Reform Act) in 2021, and Congress is currently between a rock and a hard place. If Congress decides to support the New Brandeis movement and enact the bill, it could harm the tech giants and make the US start lagging behind China. If it decides otherwise, it could cause considerable dissatisfaction among US voters. This paper analyses the bill in detail and explores the possible outcomes. The conclusions suggest that enactment of the bill could have overwhelmingly adverse economic consequences for the competitiveness of US markets, innovation, and consequently for consumer welfare.
Using the Science of Hurricane Resilience to Foster the Development of Student Understanding and Appreciation for Science in Puerto Rico
Authors:   The Learning Partnership, McGee Steven , Mcgee-Tekula Randi ,   The Learning Partnership, Baez Rodriguez Noelia ,   University of Puerto Rico
Published: March 2022

For school age children on the island of Puerto Rico, the back-to-back hurricane strikes of Irma and Maria were their first experience with the tragedy of hurricanes in Puerto Rico. There is much concern in the general public about the ability of the Puerto Rican forests, like El Yunque, to recover. These concerns reveal common misconceptions about the dynamics of forest ecosystems. The focus of this research is Journey to El Yunque, a middle school curriculum unit that engages students in evidence-based modeling of hurricane disturbance using long-term data about population dynamics after Hurricane Hugo. Research was guided by the following research question: How does engagement in the science of disturbance ecology impact students’ understanding of and appreciation for ecosystems dynamics? Students completed pre and post assessment understanding of ecosystems dynamics and rated the teacher implementation using the Inquiry-Based Science Teaching survey. Based on a paired t-test, students statistically increased their performance from pretest to posttest with an effect size of 0.22. At the teacher level, the Inquiry-Based Instruction score was a statistically significant predictor of the posttest performance. In other words, these results provide evidence that engaging students in the practices of ecology predicted increased understanding of population dynamics.
O PAPEL DO GESTOR ESCOLAR, PRÁTICAS EMERGENTES E INOVADORAS – POR UMA TRIADE PEDAGÓGICA: ESCOLA DEMOCRÁTICA, PARTICIPATIVA E INOVADORA
Authors: Cardoso Henrique Marylin , de Souza Dantas Hildeci
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo é parte integrante de um estudo realizado com pesquisa-estudo bibliográfico voltado à gestão escolar, em especial, ao campo do saber: escola democrática, participativa e inovadora. O trabalho em si tem participação cunhada dos autores na busca por compreender no que há de melhor na construção de uma escola diretiva, ou seja, gestão diretiva com maior ênfase no trato democrático. Sendo por sua vez traçado um elo de gestão escolar e pedagogo gestor e/ou gestor pedagogo pelo trato de maior participação, inovação e práticas emergentes para os dias contemporâneos. Nesse contexto, os autores trabalharam as temáticas pela plenitude do olhar do diretor escolar pelo viés de suas práticas emergentes bem como as inovações percorridas ao longo de gestão diretiva e sua tríade pedagógica, a saber: escola democrática, escola participativa e escola inovadora. Sobretudo, alinhou-se para este trabalho aspectos de gestão mais acurada de inovação pedagógica de gestão.