bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-site, multi-disorder resting-state magnetic resonance image database
Authors: Tanaka Saori C. , Yamashita Ayumu , Yahata Noriaki , Itahashi Takashi , Lisi Giuseppe , Yamada Takashi , Ichikawa Naho , Takamura Masahiro , Yoshihara Yujiro , Kunimatsu Akira , Okada Naohiro , Hashimoto Ryuichiro , Okada Go , Sakai Yuki , Morimoto Jun , Narumoto Jin , Shimada Yasuhiro , Mano Hiroaki , Yoshida Wako , Seymour Ben , Shimizu Takeshi , Hosomi Koichi , Saitoh Youichi , Kasai Kiyoto , Kato Nobumasa , Takahashi Hidehiko , Okamoto Yasumasa , Yamashita Okito , Kawato Mitsuo , Imamizu Hiroshi
Published: August 2021

Machine learning classifiers for psychiatric disorders using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have recently attracted attention as a method for directly examining relationships between neural circuits and psychiatric disorders. To develop accurate and generalizable classifiers, we compiled a large-scale, multi-site, multi-disorder neuroimaging database. The database comprises resting-state fMRI and structural images of the brain from 993 patients and 1,421 healthy individuals, as well as demographic information such as age, sex, and clinical rating scales. To harmonize the multi-site data, nine healthy participants (“traveling subjects”) visited the sites from which the above datasets were obtained and underwent neuroimaging with 12 scanners. All participants consented to having their data shared and analyzed at multiple medical and research institutions participating in the project, and 706 patients and 1,122 healthy individuals consented to having their data disclosed. Finally, we have published four datasets: 1) the SRPBS Multi-disorder Connectivity Dataset 2), the SRPBS Multi-disorder MRI Dataset (restricted), 3) the SRPBS Multi-disorder MRI Dataset (unrestricted), and 4) the SRPBS Traveling Subject MRI Dataset.
T-bet represses collagen-induced arthritis by suppressing Th17 lineage commitment through inhibition of RORγt expression and function
Authors: Shimizu Masaru , Kondo Yuya , Tanimura Reona , Furuyama Kotona , Yokosawa Masahiro , Asashima Hiromitsu , Tsuboi Hiroto , Matsumoto Isao , Sumida Takayuki
Published: August 2021

T-bet is a key transcription factor for the T helper 1 lineage and its expression level is negatively correlated to inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our previous study using T-bet transgenic mice revealed over-expression of T-bet completely suppressed collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a murine model of RA, indicating a potential suppressive role of T-bet in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Here, we show T-bet-deficiency exacerbated CIA. T-bet in CD4 + T cells, but not in CD11c + dendritic cells, was critical for regulating the production of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and TNFα from CD4 + T cells. T-bet-deficient CD4 + T cells showed higher RORγt expression and increased IL-17A production in RORγt-positive cells after CII immunization. In addition, T-bet-deficient naïve CD4 + T cells showed accelerated Th17 differentiation in vitro. CIA induced in CD4-Cre T-betfl/fl (cKO) mice was more severe and T-bet-deficient CD4 + T cells in the arthritic joints of cKO mice showed higher RORγt expression and increased IL-17A production. Transcriptome analysis of T-bet-deficient CD4 + T cells revealed that expression levels of Th17-related genes were selectively increased. Our results indicate that T-bet in CD4 + T cells repressed RORγt expression and function resulting in suppression of arthritogenic Th17 cells and CIA.
Aggregation modeling of the influence of pH on the aggregation of variably charged nanoparticles
Authors: Xiong Yu , Liu Xinmin , Xiong Hailing
Published: August 2021

The aggregation of variably charged nanoparticles is usually induced by the changes in internal and external conditions, such as solution temperature, pH, particle size, van der Waals force, and electrostatic repulsion among particles. In order to explore the effect of pH on the aggregation of variable charge nanoparticles, this paper proposed an extended model based on the 3D on-lattice Cluster–Cluster Aggregation (CCA) model. The extended model successfully established the relationship between pH and sticking probability, and used Smoluchowski theory to calculate the aggregation rate of nanoparticles. The simulation results showed that: (1) the change of the aggregation rate of the variable charge nanoparticles with pH conforms to the Gaussian distribution, (2) the initial particle concentration has a significant effect on the aggregation rate of the nanoparticles, and (3) pH can affect the competition between van der Waals force and electrostatic repulsion between particles, thereby affecting the degree of openness of clusters. The research demonstrated the extended CCA model is valuable in studying the aggregation of the variably charged nanoparticles via transforming the corresponding influence factors into the influence on the sticking probability.
Age is associated with unfavorable neuropathological and radiological features and poor outcome in patients with WHO grade 2 and 3 gliomas
Authors: Krigers Aleksandrs , Demetz Matthias , Thomé Claudius , Freyschlag Christian F.
Published: August 2021

With the rising life expectancy and availability of neuroimaging, increased number of older patients will present with diffuse and anaplastic gliomas. The aim of our study was therefore to investigate age-related prognostic clinical, neuropathological and radiological features of lower-grade gliomas. All consecutive patients with diffuse or anaplastic glioma WHO grade 2 and 3 who underwent first tumor resection between 2010 and 2018, were selected from the institutional neuro-oncological database and evaluated. The mean age of 55 males and 44 females was 46 years (SD ± 16). Wild-type IDH1 (p = 0.012), persistent nuclear ATRX expression (p = 0.012) and anaplasia (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher age. The CE volume before resection was found to be increased in older patients (r = 0.42, p < 0.0001), and CE rate was higher in the IDH wild-type population only (p = 0.02). The extent of resection did not differ with age. Overall, one year of life resulted in a PFS reduction of 9 days (p = 0.047); in IDH sub-group analysis, this dependency was confirmed only in wild-type tumors (p = 0.05). OS was significantly reduced in older patients (p = 0.033). In conclusion, behavior and prognosis of WHO grade 2 and 3 glioma were unfavorable in correlation to patient’s age, even if the extent of resection was comparable. Older age imparted a poorer PFS and higher CE rate only in the IDH wild-type population.
Materials interacting with inorganic selenium from the perspective of electrochemical sensing
Authors: Filip Jaroslav , Vinter Štěpán , Čechová Erika , Sotolářová Jitka
Published: August 2021

Se occurrence in environment should be monitored, e.g. by electrochemical sensors. The diverse (nano)materials covered in the review interact strongly with selenium, and therefore, can be employed for selenium sensor development.
Overview, consequences, and strategies for overcoming matrix effects in LC-MS analysis: a critical review
Authors: Nasiri Azadeh , Jahani Reza , Mokhtari Shaya , Yazdanpanah Hassan , Daraei Bahram , Faizi Mehrdad , Kobarfard Farzad
Published: August 2021

The high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique is subjected to drawbacks called matrix effects that could lead to ion suppression or ion enhancement.
Mechanochemical syntheses of all-inorganic iodide perovskites from layered cesium titanate and bismuth (and antimony) iodide
Authors: Saothayanun Taya (Ko) , Ogawa Makoto
Published: August 2021

All-inorganic iodide perovskite nanoparticles (e.g., Cs3Bi2I9) were prepared by grinding bismuth triiodide with a layered cesium titanate under ambient conditions.
First-principles calculations on the deposition behavior of LixNay (x + y ≤ 5) clusters during the hybrid storage of Li and Na atoms on graphene
Authors: Shen Ding , Liu Yaohan , Li Mingyue , Dong Wei , Yang Fang , Wang Laigui , Yang Shaobin , Sun Wen
Published: August 2021

Co-deposition behavior of Li atoms and Na atoms on graphene in lithium/sodium hybrid ion batteries.
Tuning the structural, electronic and dynamical properties of Janus M4X3Y3 (M = Pd, Ni and Co; X,Y = S, Se and Te) monolayers: a DFT study
Authors: Eren Ismail , Akgenc Berna
Published: August 2021

Based on density functional theory, the structural, electronic and vibrational properties of two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides M2X3 and their Janus type M4X3Y3, where M = Pd, Co and Ni and X = Se, S and Te, are investigated.
UVPD spectroscopy of differential mobility-selected prototropic isomers of protonated adenine
Authors: Heldmaier Fiorella Villanueva , Coughlan Neville J. A. , Haack Alexander , Huard Rebecca , Guna Mircea , Schneider Bradley B. , Le Blanc J. C. Yves , Campbell J. Larry , Nooijen Marcel , Hopkins W. Scott
Published: August 2021

Differential mobility spectrometry is used to separate prototropic isomers of protonated adenine prior to laser spectroscopic investigation.
Are all charge-transfer parameters created equally? A study of functional dependence and excited-state charge-transfer quantification across two dye families
Authors: Marshburn Richard Drew , Ashley Daniel C. , Curtin Gregory M. , Sultana Nadia , Liu Chang , Vinueza Nelson R. , Ison Elon A. , Jakubikova Elena
Published: August 2021

Twenty dyes from the Max Weaver Dye Library were used to benchmark six commonly used DFT functionals to understand the interplay between the errors in the calculated excitation energies and the degree of charge transfer character of the excitations.
Designing hierarchical porosity in tin oxide monoliths and their application as a solid acid catalyst
Authors: Suzuki Yoshinao , Hasegawa George , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Nakanishi Kazuki
Published: August 2021

Hierarchically porous tin oxide monoliths were prepared through a sol–gel accompanied by phase separation for application as a solid acid catalyst.
Colorimetric detection of hypoxanthine in aquatic products based on the enzyme mimic of cobalt-doped carbon nitride
Authors: Wang Xin , Lin Zheng-Zhong , Hong Cheng-Yi , Huang Zhi-Yong
Published: August 2021

A colorimetric method for the rapid detection of Hx in aquatic products was established based on the peroxidase-like activity of cobalt-doped graphite phase carbon nitride (Co-doped-g-C3N4).
Hemocompatible MOF-decorated pollen hemoperfusion absorbents for rapid and highly efficient removal of protein-bound uremic toxins
Authors: Chao Zhenhua , Li Jingyu , Jiang Wenning , Zhang Chong , Ji Jiaxin , Hua Xia , Xu Li , Han Lulu , Jia Lingyun
Published: August 2021

Heparin-modified NU-1000/pollen nanoporous hollow microspheres were synthesized and achieved a significantly improved toxin removal efficiency of 85% within 10 s.
Enhancing catalytic performance of Cu-SSZ-13 for the NH3-SCR reaction via in situ introduction of Fe3+ with diatomite
Authors: Chen Mengyang , Wei Yingzhen , Han Jinfeng , Yan Wenfu , Yu Jihong
Published: August 2021

In situ introduction of Fe3+ by diatomite greatly enhanced the hydrothermal stability and activity of Cu-SSZ-13 for the NH3-SCR reaction.
Visible-light-induced and copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of substituted o-aminophenylacetylene for the synthesis of quinoline and indole derivatives
Authors: Huang Quan , Zhao Mingming , Yang Yiqiang , Niu Yan-Ning , Xia Xiao-Feng
Published: August 2021

A visible-light-induced and copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of substituted o-aminophenylacetylene for the synthesis of quinoline and indole derivatives was developed.
Synthesis of trisubstituted hydroxylamines by a visible light-promoted multicomponent reaction
Authors: Cai Bao-Gui , Li Qian , Zhang Qiong , Li Lei , Xuan Jun
Published: August 2021

A green and efficient route for the synthesis of trisubstituted hydroxylamines from β-keto ester, 2-nitrosopyridine and aryldiazoacetates has been reported. This multicomponent reaction occurred under mild conditions without catalysts or additives.
Resolution of 3D bioprinting inside bulk gel and granular gel baths
Authors: Xie Zheng-Tian , Kang Dong-Hee , Matsusaki Michiya
Published: August 2021

This review introduces the decisive factors for resolution in both bulk gel bath systems and granular microgel bath systems, providing guidelines for high-resolution 3D bioprinting based on the bath properties and printing parameters.
Glass transition of ion-containing polymer melts in bulk and thin films
Authors: Li Wei , Olvera de la Cruz Monica
Published: August 2021

We investigate the glass transition behavior of ion-containing polymers via molecular dynamics simulations, revealing its coupling with ionic correlations as well as variations of the glass transition temperature in bulk and thin films.
Research on obstacle climbing gait of snake‐like robot on high‐voltage cables cables
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Zihao , Fang Qiao , Zhang Daode , Liu Xing , Wang Fan
Published: August 2021

Aiming at the gait control problem of a snake‐like inspection robot performing variable‐diameter spiral motion on high‐voltage cables, a gait generation method is proposed here, the snake‐like robot can adapt to the change in diameter when it is winding around the obstacles of high‐voltage cables. The piecewise helix is fitted with the Bezier curve of degree 3, which solves the problem of discontinuous speed and abrupt change of joint angle when the snake‐like robot moves with variable diameter, and avoids periodic motion impact. The new idea provides for the application of a snake‐like robot on high‐voltage cables.
Face anti‐spoofing with refined triplet loss and multi‐level attention constraint network
Authors: Nong Xingzhong , Zeng Ying , Hu Haifeng
Published: August 2021

One critical issue for existing face recognition (FR) systems is to ensure its accuracy and robustness, which calls for the development of face anti‐spoofing (FAS) algorithms to work against presentation attacks (PA). This letter proposes a novel Multi‐level Attention Constraint Network with a Refined Triplet Loss (MACN‐RTL) for the task of FAS. Specifically, an MACN which consists of two components is designed, that is, Multi‐level Attention Network (MAN) and Distribution Constraint (DC). MAN aims to exploit effective information from different levels, while DC helps to learn a more compact and discriminative feature embedding for classification. Besides, a Refined Triplet Loss for better model optimisation is devised. Compared with existing FAS works, MACN is designed for better feature extraction and a better solution for optimisation by RTL. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.

To ensure the security of FR systems towards PA, a novel MACN‐RTL is proposed, which can generate a more informative and discriminative feature embedding for accurate classification.

The designed MACN leverages attention mechanisms to obtain effective representations and reduces the distributional discrepancy of cross‐domain samples.

An RTL is devised to refine the widely used triplet loss by adding a refinement term to achieve a better optimisation of the model.
Properties of Alpha Monocerotid meteors from the observation of the 2019 outburst in the Czech Republic
Authors: Shrbený Lukáš , Borovička Jiří , Koten Pavel , Spurný Pavel , Štork Rostislav , Hornoch Kamil , Vojáček Vlastimil
Published: August 2021

We observed the predicted outburst of the Alpha Monocerotid (AMO) meteor shower on 2019 November 22 with our modernized video and photographic cameras. Due to the short duration and moderate intensity of the outburst, atmospheric trajectories and radiants were obtained for only ten meteors, seven of which included velocities, magnitudes, and orbits. In addition, one incomplete video spectrum was captured. The radiants and orbits were found to be compatible with that of the 1995 outburst. The spectrum confirmed that AMO meteoroids are deficient in sodium. Unlike any other meteor shower, meteor end heights were found to be distributed along a constant level of 90 km for all meteors with magnitudes between +4 and −2 and with atmospheric trajectory lengths up to 40 km. We propose that Alpha Monocerotids were formed from a devolatilized and fragile cometary crust composed from relatively large fundamental grains.
Ohrgeräusche zutreffend begutachten: Möglichkeit, Plausibilität und Wahrscheinlichkeit
Authors: Michel Olaf
Published: August 2021

Ohrgeräusche als subjektive, individuelle Empfindung entziehen sich einem objektiven Nachweis. In der Begutachtungssituation sind sie zudem von physiologischen oder spontanen Hörsensationen abzugrenzen.

In Bezug auf die neue Königsteiner Empfehlung und auf die Rechtsprechung des letzten Jahres ist vor dem Hintergrund der unterschiedlichen Kausalitätsbegriffe in der Gesetzlichen und Privaten Unfallversicherung eine stringente Prüfung zur Feststellung, ob eine ausreichend hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit eines unfallbedingten subjektiven Ohrgeräusches vorliegt, bei der Begutachtung erforderlich. Um eine nachvollziehbare und vergleichbare Grundlage zu schaffen, wurde der Vorschlag einer Plausibilitätsprüfung mit der Erfassung von 5 Kriterien – angemessenes Ereignis, Unmittelbarkeit, Reproduzierbarkeit auf der Basis der heutigen Untersuchungsmethoden von Tinnitus-Masking und -Matching, Fortdauer und Fixierung und die Erfassung mit nichtsuggestiven Fragen – einer Überprüfung unterzogen.

Die Übersichtsarbeit zeigt, dass sich die Anforderungen an den jeweiligen Beweismaßstab mit den angegebenen Nachweisschritten erfüllen lassen. Die einfache Möglichkeit des Vorliegens von Ohrgeräuschen kann über die Plausibilitätskriterien, die psychoakustische Verfahren beinhalten, sowie offene Fragen systematisch zur Wahrscheinlichkeit des Vorliegens geführt werden. Damit sind die Voraussetzungen für eine nachvollziehbare Kausalbetrachtung zwischen Ereignis und angegebenen Tinnitus nach aktuellen medizinisch-wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen geschaffen.
Psychopharmaka – Anwendungspraxis in Maßregelvollzug und Allgemeinpsychiatrie im Vergleich
Authors: Stübner Susanne , Yundina Elena , Mußmann Lisa , Korbmacher Julie , Brieger Peter , Steinböck Herbert
Published: August 2021

Die psychopharmakologische Anwendungspraxis in Maßregelvollzug und Allgemeinpsychiatrie sollte vergleichend untersucht werden.

Die Medikamentenstichtagserhebungen 2014–2019 der Pharmakoepidemiologie und -Vigilanz (Pharmako-EpiVig) des Bayerischen Institut für Daten, Analysen und Qualitätssicherung (BIDAQ) aus Maßregelvollzug (n = 4590) und Allgemeinpsychiatrie (n = 5136) des Isar-Amper-Klinikums München Ost wurden ausgewertet.

Mittleres Alter und Diagnoseverteilung der Patientenklientele unterschieden sich, ferner Substanzauswahl und Dosierung, die im Maßregelvollzug nahezu durchweg höher lag. Bei schizophren erkrankten forensischen Patienten wurde am häufigsten Clozapin gegeben. In beiden Fachbereichen fiel die häufige Anwendung von Valproat auf.

Die Ergebnisse könnten als Hinweis gewertet werden, dass forensische Patienten schwerere und therapierefraktärere Erkrankungen aufweisen, und dass in der klinischen Praxis insgesamt eine symptombezogene antiaggressive Behandlung bedeutsam scheint.
Facile Access to Triazole-Fused 3,1-Benzoxazines Enabled by Metal-Free Base-Promoted Intramolecular C–O Coupling
Authors: Kotovshchikov Yury N. , Tatevosyan Stepan S. , Latyshev Gennadij V. , Lukashev Nikolay V. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: August 2021

A convenient approach to assemble 1,2,3-triazole-fused 4H-3,1-benzoxazines has been developed. Diverse alcohol-tethered 5-iodotriazoles, readily accessible by a modified protocol of Cu-catalyzed (3+2)-cycloaddition, were utilized as precursors of the target fused heterocycles. The intramolecular C–O coupling proceeded efficiently under base-mediated transition-metal-free conditions, furnishing cyclization products in yields up to 96%. Suppression of the competing reductive cleavage of the C–I bond was achieved by the use of Na2CO3 in acetonitrile at 100 °C. This practical and cost-effective procedure features a broad substrate scope and valuable functional group tolerance.
Placental Findings in Preterm and Term Preeclampsia: An Integrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Pietro Luciana , Guida José Paulo de Siqueira , Nobrega Guilherme de Moraes , Antolini-Tavares Arthur , Costa Maria Laura
Published: August 2021

Introduction Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication associated with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The disease presents with recent onset hypertension (after 20 weeks of gestation) and proteinuria, and can progress to multiple organ dysfunction, with worse outcomes among early onset preeclampsia (EOP) cases (< 34 weeks). The placenta is considered the root cause of PE; it represents the interface between the mother and the fetus, and acts as a macromembrane between the two circulations, due to its villous and vascular structures. Therefore, in pathological conditions, macroscopic and microscopic evaluation can provide clinically useful information that can confirm diagnosis and enlighten about outcomes and future therapeutic benefit.

Objective To perform an integrative review of the literature on pathological placental findings associated to preeclampsia (comparing EOP and late onset preeclampsia [LOP]) and its impacts on clinical manifestations.

Results: Cases of EOP presented worse maternal and perinatal outcomes, and pathophysiological and anatomopathological findings were different between EOP and LOP placentas, with less placental perfusion, greater placental pathological changes with less villous volume (villous hypoplasia), greater amount of trophoblastic debris, syncytial nodules, microcalcification, villous infarcts, decidual arteriolopathy in EOP placentas when compared with LOP placentas. Clinically, the use of low doses of aspirin has been shown to be effective in preventing PE, as well as magnesium sulfate in preventing seizures in cases of severe features.

Conclusion The anatomopathological characteristics between EOP and LOP are significantly different, with large morphological changes in cases of EOP, such as hypoxia, villous infarctions, and hypoplasia, among others, most likely as an attempt to ascertain adequate blood flow to the fetus. Therefore, a better understanding of the basic macroscopic examination and histological patterns of the injury is important to help justify outcomes and to determine cases more prone to recurrence and long-term consequences.
Using artificial neural networks and multiple regression models to generate economic solar thermal energy
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: August 2021

Optimizing parabolic trough solar collector systems to create more mature, reliable and cost-efficient solar energy
The influence of micro/nano-structure on transmission ability of low-energy Electron Transmission Window
Authors: Tian Zunyi , Zhang Mengmeng , Zhang Wei , Hou Zhongyu
Published: August 2021

It is a extremely difficult to make the Electron Transmission Window (ETW) have the transmission ability for low-energy electrons, excellent mechanical strength, and thicker thickness at a large barometric pressure gradient, i.e., from vacuum to atmosphere. We present a new physical model of the ETW, which has a periodic array microstructure to restrain the temperature increase and nanostructures to provide transmission channels for electron sources. Two different periodic array micro-pattern ETWs with nanostructures have been prepared to testify the physical mechanisms, which are a thicker periodic array triangle micro-pattern unit with a nested triangle pillar type (NETW) and a thinner one without nested part type (OETW). A nanosecond-pulse power source and an array field emission electrode are adopted to focus the energy and reduce the energy dissipation of the electron source. The transmission efficiencies of the NETW and the OETW are 5.86% and 2.82% at −3.5 kV, 8.90% and 5.77% at −5.5 kV, and 12.69% and 11.97% at −8.5 kV pulsed voltages, respectively. In addition, the transmission abilities of the two ETWs have been compared by visualization diagnoses in transient and steady states, which match well with the results of transmission efficiencies. It is found that the results are consistent with those of this novel model mechanism.
An inertial piezoelectric actuator with small structure but large loading capacity
Authors: Cao Yinghua , Xu Zhi , You Linjing , Wu Yaxuan , Huang Hu
Published: August 2021

For inertial piezoelectric actuators, there generally exists a contradiction between the structure size and loading capacity, i.e., large loading capacity requiring a large structure size. To address this issue, a novel inertial piezoelectric rotary actuator with the size of 30 × 30 × 30 mm3 was proposed. Its structure and working principle were discussed in detail, followed by characterizing its output performances under various driving voltages, frequencies, and vertical loads. The results indicated that this actuator achieved good forward and reverse motion consistency. Under 100 V, it obtained the maximum angular speed of 302 007 µrad/s at about 600 Hz; especially, at 10 Hz, its vertical loading capacity was over 6700 g, being significantly higher than many previous inertial actuators with the similar size.
Broadband complex permittivity and conductivity measurements in the millimeter-wave bands over variable temperatures using a balanced-type circular disk resonator
Authors: Kato Y. , Horibe M.
Published: August 2021

A broadband measurement system is developed to address the issue of temperature dependence of the complex permittivity and conductivity of low-loss substrates in the millimeter-wave bands for fifth/sixth generation wireless communication applications. The developed system can provide broadband material measurements from less than 20 GHz to over 100 GHz over variable temperatures by utilizing higher order mode resonances of a balanced-type circular disk resonator (BCDR). The broadband measurement capability of the developed system is attributed to the mode-selective behavior of the BCDR over a wideband. To demonstrate the developed system, we measure the complex permittivity of the following three substrate materials over variable temperatures from 25 °C to 100 °C: cyclo-olefin polymer (COP), ceramic-filled polytetrafluoroethylene composites, and fused silica. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the conductivity of the surface-mounted metal is characterized for the COP substrate. The measurements indicate that the loss tangents and conductivities of the substrates increase and decrease, respectively, with the temperature and frequency in the millimeter-wave bands. The full-wave simulations using the measured complex permittivity and conductivity of the COP substrate reveal that the propagation loss of the microstrip line using the COP substrate increases with the temperature and frequency and that the increase in the loss is primarily attributed to the decrease in the conductivity.
High performance ferroelectric ZnO thin film transistor using AlOx/HfZrO/ZrOx gate insulator by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Hasan Md Mehedi , Mohit  , Bae Jinbaek , Tokumitsu Eisuke , Chu Hye-Yong , Kim Sung Chul , Jang Jin
Published: August 2021

There is increasing interest in a ferroelectric transistor, mainly using vacuum processed hafnium oxide based materials. We report in this paper a solution processed ZnO thin-film transistor (TFT) with improved ferroelectric performance in Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) using a triple layer of ZrOx/HZO/AlOx by spray pyrolysis. The performance enhancement is due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the bottom/top dielectric and HZO layers. Grazing incident x-ray diffraction, current–voltage, capacitance–voltage, polarization–voltage, and anticlockwise hysteresis in transfer curve confirm the excellent ferroelectricity of the triple layer. A memory window as large as ∼3 V, the maximum on/off ratio of 3.5 × 109, the field-effect mobility of 125 cm2/V s, and the subthreshold slope of 0.18 V/decade were obtained from the ZnO TFT with the ZrOx/HZO/AlOx gate insulator, demonstrating the high performance ferroelectric ZnO TFT. This result can open opportunities for ferroelectric oxide TFT for large area electronics on glass, including display.
Simulation of protein pulling dynamics on second time scale with boxed molecular dynamics
Authors: Mapplebeck Sarah , Booth Jonathan , Shalashilin Dmitrii
Published: August 2021

We demonstrate how recently developed Boxed Molecular Dynamics (BXD) and kinetics [D. V. Shalashilin et al., J. Chem. Phys. 137, 165102 (2012)] can provide a kinetic description of protein pulling experiments, allowing for a connection to be made between experiment and the atomistic protein structure. BXD theory applied to atomic force microscopy unfolding is similar in spirit to the kinetic two-state model [A. Noy and R. W. Friddle, Methods 60, 142 (2013)] but with some differences. First, BXD uses a large number of boxes, and therefore, it is not a two-state model. Second, BXD rate coefficients are obtained from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. BXD can describe the dependence of the pulling force on pulling speed. Similar to Shalashilin et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 165102 (2012)], we show that BXD is able to model the experiment at a very long time scale up to seconds, which is way out of reach for standard molecular dynamics.
Near-field terahertz nanoscopy of coplanar microwave resonators
Authors: Guo Xiao , He Xin , Degnan Zach , Donose Bogdan C. , Bertling Karl , Fedorov Arkady , Rakić Aleksandar D. , Jacobson Peter
Published: August 2021

Superconducting quantum circuits are one of the leading quantum computing platforms. To advance superconducting quantum computing to a point of practical importance, it is critical to identify and address material imperfections that lead to decoherence. Here, we use terahertz scanning near-field optical microscopy to probe the local dielectric properties and carrier concentrations of wet-etched aluminum resonators on silicon, one of the most characteristic components of the superconducting quantum processors. Using a recently developed vector calibration technique, we extract the THz permittivity from spectroscopy in proximity to the microwave feedline. Fitting the extracted permittivity to the Drude model, we find that silicon in the etched channel has a carrier concentration greater than buffer oxide etched silicon and we explore post-processing methods to reduce the carrier concentrations. Our results show that near-field THz investigations can be used to quantitatively evaluate and identify inhomogeneities in quantum devices.
Influence of planar Hall effect on the output signal in a T-shaped spin conversion device
Authors: Mizuno Hayato , Isshiki Hironari , Kondou Kouta , Zhu Yuanzhi , Otani Yoshichika
Published: August 2021

The T-shaped spin conversion device consisting of ferromagnetic and spin Hall (or spin conversion) materials is an indispensable component in a new type of logic circuit called a magnetoelectric spin–orbit device. We examine the influence of the planar Hall effect (PHE) on the output signal in the T-shaped device. Angular dependences of decomposed even and odd components in the signal reveal that the PHE causes an even-symmetric component in the output signal because the magnetic moment continuously rotates clockwise (or counterclockwise). Thus, the PHE makes it challenging to detect odd magnetic field responses induced by the inverse spin Hall effect containing the zero-field magnetic state information. We can suppress the adverse effect by choosing a low anisotropic magnetoresistance ferromagnet. This study gives valuable information for designing the optimal T-shaped structure for the magnetoelectric logic device application.
A perspective on ordered vacancy compound and parent chalcopyrite thin film absorbers for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Gaillard Nicolas
Published: August 2021

Chalcopyrites could fill the gap between the low-cost, poor-efficiency single junction metal oxide photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting cells and the high efficiency, yet costly III–V tandems. In this Perspective, we first review the key barriers that must be addressed by the community to enable economical chalcopyrite-based PEC water splitting. Then, we highlight how theoretical modeling can be used to identify promising ordered vacancy compound absorbers with improved energetics compared to their chalcopyrite parents. Finally, we describe how advanced spectroscopic analysis performed on chalcopyrite photocathodes after PEC testing uncovered a new passivation layer candidate for prolonged durability.
Ab initio symmetric quasi-classical approach to investigate molecular Tully models
Authors: Weight Braden M. , Mandal Arkajit , Huo Pengfei
Published: August 2021

We perform on-the-fly non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations using the symmetrical quasi-classical (SQC) approach with the recently suggested molecular Tully models: ethylene and fulvene. We attempt to provide benchmarks of the SQC methods using both the square and triangle windowing schemes as well as the recently proposed electronic zero-point-energy correction scheme (the so-called γ correction). We use the quasi-diabatic propagation scheme to directly interface the diabatic SQC methods with adiabatic electronic structure calculations. Our results showcase the drastic improvement of the accuracy by using the trajectory-adjusted γ-corrections, which outperform the widely used trajectory surface hopping method with decoherence corrections. These calculations provide useful and non-trivial tests to systematically investigate the numerical performance of various diabatic quantum dynamics approaches, going beyond simple diabatic model systems that have been used as the major workhorse in the quantum dynamics field. At the same time, these available benchmark studies will also likely foster the development of new quantum dynamics approaches based on these techniques.
Disinfection of Escherichia coli in ice by surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma
Authors: Guo Yuntao , Liu Peipei , Zhang Liyang , Peng Siqi , Wang Xinxin , Luo Haiyun , Wu Guizhen
Published: August 2021

A variety of pathogens can cause people to suffer from serious diseases, and the transmission of COVID-19 through the cold chain has once again attracted people's attention to cold chain disinfection. Unfortunately, there is no mature cold chain disinfection technique yet. In this study, a low-temperature plasma disinfection technique for a cold chain is proposed. The disinfection effect of plasma generated by surface dielectric barrier discharge on Escherichia coli in ice at cryogenic temperature is studied, and the possible disinfection mechanism is discussed. It is found that the O3 mode and the NOx mode also exist in the surface dielectric barrier discharge at cryogenic temperature, just as at room temperature. The disinfection effect of both modes is weak in 5 min plasma treatment, but in 60 min post-treatment, the NOx mode shows a stronger disinfection effect, with 4.45 log reduction. It is speculated that gaseous H2O2 and NOx can be adsorbed on the ice surface in the NOx mode and then converted into peroxynitrite, which is a powerful bactericidal species. In conclusion, a low-temperature plasma is a promising technique for cold chain disinfection, which is of great significance for ensuring people's health.
Low threshold amplified spontaneous emission in ultrastable CsPbBr3-TS-1 nanocomposite films under two-photon excitation
Authors: Li Jiaming , Liu Jianming , Mei Enrou , Du Juan , Liang Xiaojuan , Liu Zhengzheng , Wang Xin , Xiang Weidong
Published: August 2021

Perovskite nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in the field of nanoscale laser field, however, poor environmental stability is the biggest challenge that restricts their applications. In this study, an in situ synthesis method was used to encapsulate CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) in titanium silicalite molecular sieve (TS-1). Owing to the hollow structure and the hydrophobicity of the TS-1, the hydro and thermal stabilities of the perovskite NCs were significantly improved. Using AB glue, we prepared thin films using a one-step spin coating method, and synthesized highly compact and smooth CsPbBr3 nanocomposite thin films. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) was achieved with a low-threshold under two-photon excitation at room temperature, and a stable emission under continuous intense laser shots in an ambient atmosphere was maintained. The influence of the perovskite concentration and calcination temperature on the ASE threshold was also investigated. This study will significantly broaden the application of perovskite nanocrystals in practical nonlinear optical devices.
Role of dark exciton states in the relaxation dynamics of bright 1s excitons in monolayer WSe2
Authors: Kusaba Satoshi , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yanagi Kazuhiro , Tanaka Koichiro
Published: August 2021

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs) are excellent platforms for exciton physics. In tungsten-based 1L-TMDs, the existence of dark excitons at lower energy has important roles for bright exciton relaxation. However, the detailed relaxation dynamics from bright to dark excitons have not been revealed sufficiently. In this paper, we studied the rise dynamics of out-of-plane polarized photoluminescence (PL) from spin-forbidden dark excitons in monolayer WSe2. Under conditions of resonant excitation to the bright 1s excitons, PL from the spin-forbidden dark exciton has a finite rise time of a few tens of picoseconds, which suggests that intermediate states, probably hot indirect dark excitons, should play an important role in the relaxation pathway from the bright to the spin-forbidden dark excitons. The excitation density dependence indicates that exciton–exciton scattering should promote faster relaxation to the spin-forbidden dark excitons.
Priming COVID-19 salience increases prejudice and discriminatory intent against Asians and Hispanics
Authors: Lu Yao , Kaushal Neeraj , Huang Xiaoning , Gaddis S. Michael
Published: August 2021

Significance

This study investigates whether the COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated prejudice and discrimination against racial/ethnic minority groups. Results from a nationally representative survey experiment about roommate selection suggest that incidents of anti-Asian hostility reported in the media are not isolated acts but signal-amplified racism against East Asians. While popular rhetoric has blamed East Asians for the pandemic, we find that COVID-19–associated discrimination has spilled over to South Asians and Hispanics, suggesting a generalized phenomenon of xenophobia. Prejudice fueled by COVID-19 against Asians has been particularly widespread, but for Hispanics, such negative sentiments are mitigated by respondents’ prior social contact with them. These findings highlight the need to develop a multitargeted approach to address racism and xenophobia associated with COVID-19.
Early assessment of the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and births in high-income countries
Authors: Aassve Arnstein , Cavalli Nicolò , Mencarini Letizia , Plach Samuel , Sanders Seth
Published: August 2021

Drawing on past pandemics, scholars have suggested that the COVID-19 pandemic will bring about fertility decline. Evidence from actual birth data has so far been scarce. This brief report uses data on vital statistics from a selection of high-income countries, including the United States. The pandemic has been accompanied by a significant drop in crude birth rates beyond that predicted by past trends in 7 out of the 22 countries considered, with particularly strong declines in southern Europe: Italy (−9.1%), Spain (−8.4%), and Portugal (−6.6%). Substantial heterogeneities are, however, observed.
Global kidney chains
Authors: Nikzad Afshin , Akbarpour Mohammad , Rees Michael A. , Roth Alvin E.
Published: August 2021

Significance

Kidney failure is among the leading causes of death worldwide, and the best treatment is transplantation. However, transplants are in short supply because of shortfalls of transplantable organs and of finances. In the United States and some other countries, kidney exchange chains have emerged as a way to increase the number of transplants; patients who have a willing donor but cannot receive that donor’s kidney can each receive a compatible kidney from another patient’s intended donor. Such programs are much better developed within the borders of wealthy countries, which is of little help to patients in countries with limited kidney transplantation or exchange. This paper proposes and analyzes a way to extend kidney exchange chains to share the benefits globally.
Chronic
Toxoplasma gondii
infection enhances susceptibility to colitis
Authors: Saraav Iti , Cervantes-Barragan Luisa , Olias Philipp , Fu Yong , Wang Qiuling , Wang Leran , Wang Yi , Mack Matthias , Baldridge Megan T. , Stappenbeck Thaddeus , Colonna Marco , Sibley L. David
Published: August 2021

Significance

We examined the long-term consequences of oral infection with the parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
on a model for inflammatory bowel disease caused by chemical injury of the intestinal mucosa. Despite the fact that the parasite no longer persists in the mucosal tissue, chronic infection altered the function of monocytes that emerge from the bone marrow in a preactivated state and home to sites of inflammation. The heightened inflammatory responses by infiltrating monocytes worsened the severity of tissue damage caused by chemical injury and also blunted the wound healing responses in the gut. Our findings illustrate how chronic subclinical infections can have lasting impacts on environmental triggers of inflammation.
Y yo en plan: “¿Qué es esto?”:
Authors: Grutschus Anke
Published: August 2021

Abstracta

El presente artículo tiene por objeto los marcadores de citacomoyen plan, a los que no se ha prestado suficiente atención hasta el momento. Pretende describir el empleo de los dos marcadores en un corpus de habla auténtico, comparándolos según criterios como la autenticidad presumida del enunciado referido, su marcación prosódica o la introducción de contenidos no verbales. Además, se tienen en consideración los valores semánticos en los que se origina la función citativa de los marcadores, para lo cual se contrasta un significado de aproximación a un matiz ejemplificador.
Quantum droplets in a dipolar Bose gas at a dimensional crossover
Authors: Zin Paweł , Pylak Maciej , Wasak Tomasz , Jachymski Krzysztof , Idziaszek Zbigniew
Published: August 2021

We study the beyond-mean-field corrections to the energy of a dipolar Bose gas confined to two dimensions by a box potential with dipoles oriented in plane such that their interaction is anisotropic in the two unconfined dimensions. At a critical strength of the dipolar interaction the system becomes unstable on the mean field level. We find that the ground state of the gas is strongly influenced by the corrections, leading to formation of a self-bound droplet, in analogy to the free space case. Properties of the droplet state can be found by minimizing the extended Gross–Pitaevskii energy functional. In the limit of strong confinement we show analytically that the correction can be interpreted as an effective three-body repulsion which stabilizes the gas at finite density.
Digital material science for industrial companies
Authors: Stoyanova M V , Novikov A D , Morozov S A , Brom A E
Published: August 2021

Abstracts

Today, the main tool for the development of any technical product made of traditional materials (metals for example) is computer-aided design (CAD) systems. CAD means a wide range of solutions that allow you to solve almost all design problems, from creating drawings to logistics. However, the engineering software visualization methods have not undergone major changes over the past decades and do not take into account the composite materials feature, and to improve the development process, it is rational to apply virtual reality technologies.
Increasing the resistance to interlayer shear of composite materials due to the modification of carbon fabric fibers with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Tarasov V A , Galinovskiy A L , Boyarskaya R V , Romanenkov V A , Boyarskiy D S
Published: August 2021

Interlaminar shear strength is an important characteristic of the characteristics of composite structures. This article presents the results of an experimental study of the role of carbon nanotube reinforcement of a fibrous filler of carbon fabrics in increasing the interlayer shear strength of composite articles made of carbon fiber reinforced plastics. Studies were conducted using dry roving carbon twill weave (Twill type grade: 3K, 2 x 2 Twill Weave Carbon Fiber Fabric, 5.7 Oz/Sq Yd, 50 “Wide,.012” Thick, and 3K, 2 x 2 Twill Weave).The creation of carbon composite materials based on a polyester matrix with additional reinforcement using grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on filler fibers has been proposed and investigated. It is shown that with a uniform distribution of CNTs on filler fibers, the interlayer shear resistance increases by 60%.
To the question of the vibroacoustic methodology for the development of carbon plastics’ diagnostics
Authors: Galinovskiy A L , Bochkarev S V , Salnikov A F , Yanko M A , Glotova M P
Published: August 2021

This article describes in detail the process of creating panels from a composite material by the method of vacuum infusion with various types of defects pre-installed in them. The most common types of defects that can arise in parts made of composite materials as a result of a violation of the technological process, the presence of defects in the original material, in particular, reinforcing fabric, as well as defects associated with the low qualification of the master are considered. The creation of such prototypes is necessary for the development of quality control methods for products made of composite materials. A vibroacoustic diagnostic method based on the passage of acoustic waves through a composite product is considered. It is shown that it is possible to estimate the size of a defect and the depth of its occurrence in a composite material by changing the intrinsic frequency characteristics of the wave field. Experimental data on diagnosing panels with defects is presented.
Mathematical and numerical models of buckling of three-dimensional structures taking into account the thermal effect
Authors: Dimitrienko Yu I , Bogdanov I O
Published: August 2021

Abstracts

A mathematical model of buckling of three-dimensional structures is considered, considering the thermal effect on them. The proposed methodology for studying stability consists in solving a system of three problems: thermal conductivity, quasi-static linear thermoelasticity, and, in fact, the problem of buckling theory. The first two tasks correspond to the basic state of the structure, and the third to the varied one, which occurs when the structure loses its stability. The approach described in the work allows considering the influence on the buckling of the structure not only of three-dimensional phenomena (holes, joined local element etc.) but also the influence of thermal stresses. In the study, an algorithm for solving the buckling problem is considered and a variational statement is formulated. The presented model was tested on the rod buckling problem, which showed good agreement with the results obtained in CAE ANSYS software. The modelling presented was carried out in the SMCM software, developed by SIMPLEX Scientific and Educational Centre of Bauman Moscow State Technical University.
The role of communication in a remote learning environment on the subject of «Polymer composite materials»
Authors: Guzeva T A
Published: August 2021

The study considers the role of communication in the standard (full-time) and remote forms of education. The research work of students with the main task of developing a new design and technological solution in the field of polymer composite materials was chosen as an object of research. The paper presents structural schemes of interaction between the student, teacher and university environment typical for different forms of learning. The university environment is represented at several scale levels. The study demonstrates that the structure of communication changes during switchover to remote learning.