bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Correlation of Histopathological Findings with Ultrastructural Changes in Hepatocytes after Yangonin “Ya”-Intoxicated Rats Alone and In Combination with EtOH: Sub-Acute & Sub-Chronic Study
Authors: Hasan Mohammed A.
Published: May 2021

Yangonin “Ya” has been used for centuries as a herbal supplement, for its mood-altering properties. It has been used as a recreation agent, for relaxation, as well as for pain relief. However, hepatotoxicity is a widespread problem associated with medicines in general. Most herbal supplements are metabolized by the liver, and thus the liver represents the target organ. At present, Yangonin toxicity appears to be “idiosyncratic”. Therefore, a study was designed in order to investigate the organelle-based changes in hepatocytes, after treatment with Yangonin alone and in combination with EtOH. Thirty rats were divided into five groups comprising of six animals each. The groups comprised of the control groups {(NCx) & (PCx)}, Yangonin (Ya) group, ethanol (EtOH) group, and the combination of (Ya) and ethanol (EtOH+Ya) group. The experiment was conducted over a period of 14 weeks, as a sub-chronic study. At the end of the 14thweek, mitochondria, peroxisome, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclei of hepatocytes, were evaluated using a scoring system. The results were compared with histopathological findings, as well. Treatment with Ya significantly induced hepatotoxic scores as compared to the control groups. Organelle injury scores increased significantly with Ya treatment, while rats that received “EtOH+Ya” showed the severest lesions of liver scores such as, severe hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, and hypertrophy. Ultrastructural and histopathological scores in both groups were in very strong correlation (r = 0.928 for EtOH, r = 0.921 for Ya alone and r = 0.903 for Ya plus EtOH group). In conclusion, ethanol enhanced the sedative and hypnotic activity of Ya, and markedly increased toxicity. Findings based on TEM examination of organelles, supported the histological results as well as tissue lesions/injuries in hepatocytes, a result of hepatotoxin-induced hepatopathy.
First record of Gyrodactylus hrabei Ergens, 1957 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) in Iraq from gills of mugilid fish Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843)
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Kefah Naser
Published: May 2021

The A total of 118 specimens of the mugilid fish Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) were collected weekly from Al-Graiat region at the Tigris river in Baghdad city, during the period from July 2015-March 2016. In this study, investigated of fish gills of Planiliza abu and was noticed of Monogenean Gyrodactylus hrabei, Ergens, 1957 and registered for the first time in Iraq. The description and measurements of this parasite as well as its illustrations were given.
A first record of seven species of terrestrial isopoda-crustacea in central Iraq
Authors: Lafta Al-Doori Maysaloon , Aboud Hansh Talal , Lafta Al-Doori Nibrass
Published: May 2021

This study is the first kind of it in Iraq. The samples were collected from April to Junuary 2018, we recorded seven species for the first time in Iraq (Procellio laevis, P. cingendus, Lacasius pallidus, Armadillidium album, A. assimile, Orthodillo chiltoni, Cylisticus convexus). These species belong to four famillies (Procellionidae, Armadillidae, Armadillidae, Cylistieidaeà). The samples were saved in the natural histroy museum in Baghdad-Iraq.
Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in frozen food using a specific inlB virulence gene
Authors: Al-Ghanim Aula M. , Abbas Basil A.
Published: May 2021

This study was undertaken to detect the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in frozen food. A total of 200 different food samples were collected from Basrah markets, southern Iraq, during September 2015 to March 2016. These samples included frozen fish, frozen burger, frozen chicken and worker’s hands swabs, 50 each. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to evaluate the presence of Listeria monocytogenes by using of inlB specific gene. The PCR results revealed that only four samples (7.27%) were contaminated by Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion frozen food may carry a dangerous type of bacteria and lead to human illness.
Role of toll like receptor-9 (1237 T/C) gene polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Al-Karawi Furqan Naeem , Abeer Thaher Naji Al-Hasnawiand , Jebur Al-Kashwan Thekra Abd
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to evaluate whether (1237 T/C) polymorphism is related with diabetic foot ulcer in type-2 diabetes mellitus of Iraqi patients in Najaf city. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most prevalent and serious diabetic complications. DFU accounts for about 15% of the diabetic population. It is commonly associated with the increased diabetic morbidities and mortalities. The type 2 diabetes is recognized by aberrations of glucose, lipid and protein metabolism. It is increasingly appreciated that wound healing defect seen in diabetic patients is attributed to the altered protein and lipid metabolism. This study involved (180) subjects, between them, 60 were patients as group one suffering from type 2 diabetes and 60 were patient suffering from type 2 diabetes and foot ulcer as group two. In addition, 60 healthy group three as control subjects. Polymerase chain analysis was used for detection of TLR-9 genotypes followed by restriction analysis. We observed no significance differences in the distribution of the genotypes and alleles of (1237 T/C) polymorphism among the study groups.
Biochemical study of alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kanaan Ibtihal Idrees , Ibrahim Najwa Khaleel
Published: May 2021

The present research aimed to isolate and purify Alkaline phosphatase enzyme from crude protein extract (Lysate supernatant) of Escherichia coli, by using different biotechnologies. To proceed, the following steps were taken: Firstly, The verification of the existence of enzyme in bacteria, the bacteria were diagnosed by using the API 20 stripe that consists of (20) items. the enzyme was isolated to ensure its availability in bacteria within the logarithmic phase and this was done through proliferating them for 18 hours in a nutrient agar. It had been detected that the enzyme was intracellular because of the occurrence of enzyme activity in the lysate supernatant without occurring it in the cell free culture supernatant. Secondly, Enzyme purification, the enzyme had been purified through three stages: precipitation of protein by ammonium sulphate, dialysis and finally, the protein extract was passed through column chromatography by using Sephadex G-100 gel, the estimated enzyme activity after this step was 22.0 in comparison with its activity before the purification processes (crude protein extract). The approximate molecular weight of alkaline phosphatase was 81.000 Dalton estimated by using gel filtration technique.
Investigation of fungal contamination in some types of chips in the market in Karbala
Authors: Al-Zamily Ihsan Ali
Published: May 2021

Different types of chips samples sell were collected from some markets in Karbala city, which its made in Jordan (Chipsico and Alsaada), Saudia (Liz, Gillts, Doritos), Iran (Bovac, G Toz and Macho) and Iraq (Hala, Dalia, Al-Aseel). The Iranian Chips were the most contaminated, where Iraqi and Jordanian Chips comes in the second. The results of isolating fungi study in chips types, showed diversity in numbers and kinds of fungi. The genus Aspergillus is a fungus predominate on all isolates and followed by Penicillium. Also different genera including Fusarium, Alternaria, Curvularia and Rhizopus have been isolated. It is mentioned that these fungi are dangerous because they produce myctoxins, especially aflatoxin and ochratoxin. It was noted that, the Saudi products are free from contamination. Ammonia test and Fluorescence was used to identify the aflatoxin-producing isolates and it appeared that isolates of Aspergillus had great potential to produce these toxins.
Occurrence and composition of copepods abundance in Tigris river, southern Baghdad, and effects of Rasheed power plant effluents on its biodiversity
Authors: Nashaat Muhanned R. , Muftin Fatema S. , Abbas Enaam K. , Eman H Ali
Published: May 2021

The quantitative and qualitative structure of the Tigris River copepods communities, were identified to investigate the biological composition, especially near the outcome of Rasheed power plant (RPP). on its biodiversity at four sites those were chosen on the Tigris River in south part of Baghdad Governorate during the period January to December 2012. The sites S2 was located near Rasheed Power Plant to represent the ecological features of the plant site, whereas other sites, S1 was located at the upstream of the RPP as a control site to investigate the ecological characters of the Tigris River. Moreover, the two other sites S3 and S4 were located down to the impact of RPP to reflect the possible effects of the plant on the copepoda fauna biodiversity by comparison with the control site. Thirty-nine taxonomic units of copepoda fauna were identified in the present study, Including 17 taxonomic units of Cyclpoida, 13 taxonomic units of Calanoida, six taxonomic units of Harpacyicoida and three taxonomic units of Parasitic Copepoda. This study found that the highest copepod density was recorded during the winter period on site below RPP. While at sites near RPP during the summer period, Copepoda showed the lowest density. The results also showed that the sites below RPP included the most constant species, while the lowest were included at site near RPP. The results of the biodiversity indexes generally showed the negative actual impact of RPP on the copepoda commu nity..
Prospective gene therapy design against coronavirus COVID-19 by recruiting CRISPR Cas9 approach
Authors: Albanna Ayman , Alomari Arqam
Published: May 2021

A novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has being originated from animals and causing to running outbreak of viral pneumonia in human all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has considered COVID-19 infection as Epidemic disease in March 2020. The high percentages of death rate among people lead the researchers and scientists in different fields of medicine in order to find solution for this threating problem. In this regard, an editing gene technique was employed in this study, in order to deter the viability of coronavirus genetically. The main objective in this paper first has been determined and obtained the essential proteins of COVID-19 coronavirus proliferation by using NCBI website which included S, E, N, M, ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, ORF10 proteins. The second objective is to use a very precise technique of editing gene called CRISPR-Cas9 to make changes to the virus’s RNA, through designing single-guide RNA for the essential each protein of COVID-19, in order to inactivate an effective certain protein. These techniques will be provided for each patient and healthy person by injection of all genes components using the Gene-gun machine or spray aerosol to make ensure reach it to the target cell.
Effect of amino acid proline on some growth characteristics of cowpea which exposed to drought stress
Authors: Al-Shammari Maher Zaki Faisal , Al-Jboory Wael Shakir Hameed
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted in Al-Youssoufia region which located in North West of Baghdad city during the growing season of 2018-2019. The experiment was aimed to demonstrate the optimum concentration of amino acid proline that reduce the effect of drought stress. By using three time for irrigation (4, 8, 12) day and four concentrations of proline (0, 20, 40, 60) mg. L-1 and their interaction on some growth characteristics: Root length, dry weight, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content, carbohydrate percentage and peroxidase activity in vegetative part. Data were statistically analysed to find out the least significant difference (LSD) between treatments at 0.05 level. The results indicated the increase of proline concentration from (0 to 60) mg.L-1 caused significant decrease in the average of growth characteristics and peroxidase activity unite.mg.proline-1 with increase in the average of irrigation periods under drought stress.
Studying the levels of some Biochemical variables in blood serum for smoking of Tikrit University students
Authors: Muhsin Saria Naji , majeed Alnassiri Shurooq hameed , Muhsin Sina Naji
Published: May 2021

This study included (75) samples of the males students at the Tikrit University, The samples were divided into three groups; the first group: (25) blood samples pulled from healthy no smoking students (males) as Control sample. The second group: (25 males) samples of diabetic mellitus (smoker students). Third group: (25 males) samples of hypertension (smoking students). The results of the study indicated a significant increase in the concentration of the levels Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at level (P <0.005) in the samples of smoker students when compared to the healthy group. And showed decrease in the concentration level of HDL, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) at level (P <0.005) when compared to the healthy group (non-smokers ).
First record of Myxobolus insignis Eiras, Malta, Varella, Pavanelli, 2005 (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) in Iraq from gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Abdul-Ameer Kefah Naser , Shalal Rana Saheb
Published: May 2021

The Myxozoan parasite, Myxobolus insignis Eiras, Malta, Varella, Pavanelli, 2005 is recorded in the present study from gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio for the first time in Iraq. The fishes were caught from the Al-Ataifiya location on the Tigris River at Baghdad city during the period from January to October 2020. The measurements and description of this external parasite in addition to its illustrations were given.
Detection of antibiofilm formation by sliver nanoparticles created by tetracycline antibiotic
Authors: Hameed Alaa Z. , Hussein Nehia N.
Published: May 2021

Silver conjugated Tetracycline, was created and characterized by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction Patterns (XRD). Using antibacterial assays, the effects of tetracycline alone and drugs-conjugated with silver nanoparticles were tested against Gram-ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates by well diffusion assay. The UV-vis spectra of silver-drug Nano conjugates showed a characteristic surface Plasmon resonance band in the range of 400–450 nm. FTIR analysis demonstrated the involvement of Hydroxyl groups in both drugs in the stabilization of silver nanoparticles. (XRD) showed that they cubic structure of silver and, antibacterial assays showed that biosynthesis silver nanoparticle conjugation enhanced antibacterial potential of Tetracycline compared with drug alone.
Effect of ginger alcoholic extract on the ovary tissue in quail
Authors: Hamad Mohammed Hayder , Al-Bakri Nahla , Labi Abdul-Razak
Published: May 2021

This research was carried out in quail in the laboratory of histopathology diseases during four months. The objectives of this study was to detecting the effects of the addition of the alcohol extract of ginger to ovary tissue of quail. The two groups of birds were in almost similar weights and were placed in cages. Each group consisted of 8 quails. The first group (control group) fed on regular feeding without adding alcoholic extract of ginger. The second group (treated group) fed on the same normal food after adding the alcohol extract of ginger at a concentration of 300 mg / kg. The results indicated that ginger have positive effects on folliculogenesis.
Physiological and histological protective role of Astragalus spinosus root alcoholic extract against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in rabbits
Authors: Zeidan Moafaq Mutlak , Noori Raddam Qussay
Published: May 2021

This study amid to evaluate the role of plant’s root (Astragalus spinosus), in biochemical parameters and histological sections effect in reduce the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in rabbits Oryctalagus cuniculus, 7-9 months age and (1300-1500 g) of weight. Animals were distributed to three groups, every group were included five rabbits; group (1) control received water and diet. Group (2): animals treated with H2O2 (0.05) and drinking water. Group (3): animals treated with H2O2 and alcoholic extract of the plant root (5mg/kg body weight) for period one month. Study showed high significant increasing in Creatinine and ALP, LDH concentrations of animals treated with H2O2 alone (1.74±0.40) (9.900±1.058), (260.40±26.66) respectively, in compared with control (0.838±0.08) (8.420±1.132), (154.0±49.79) respectively while the concentration of Creatinine, ALP and LDH had been decreased with high significant (P≤ 0.05) in group treated with H2O2 and extract of the plant roots (0.79±0.09), (9.220±0.801) and (166.2±36.08) respectively in compared with H2O2 group. And the result of histological sections of liver, kidneys and heart, which showed an improvement of cells in group treated with the extract of the plant which had been induced by oxidative stress.
Response of model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria & phosphate concentration
Authors: Mashkoor Sulaiman Abdulhusein , Kisko Mushtak F. Karomi
Published: May 2021

Several reports have shown that various rhizobia can interact with non-hosted plant species, enhancing mineral nutrition and promoting plant growth. To further investigate the effects of such non-host interactions on plant growth and phosphate nutrition, we inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana with the model rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens at three phosphate concentrations in the nutrient medium. In vitro, we showed that root colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens contributes to an increase in the amount of available phosphate that is important in plant growth, especially in the shoots, in all concentrations used in the study. In addition to improving plant growth as well as increasing plant biomass production.
Study of chemical content in Pimpinella armena and Pimpinella kotschyana: tribe Pimpinelleae/Apiaceae
Authors: Muhammad Zahra B. , Al-Khesraji Talib O.
Published: May 2021

The flavonoid and alkaloid content in the alcoholic extract of the shoots and flowers were identified in two species of the tribe Pimpinelleae / Apiaceae: Pimpinella armena and Pimpinella kotschyana, and the flavonoids that were detected in this study are: (Apigenin, Coumarin, Kaempferol and Quercetin). The total alkaloids are estimated for these two species. It has been noticed that the species Pimpinella armena is a new record on the Iraqi flora, as it was identified through the genetic analysis of nucleotide sequences and registered in the National Center of Biotechnology (NCBI).
Effect of application of Chitosan in skin grafting surgeries in rabbits
Authors: Mohsen Al-Tomah Hayder Mohammed , Hameed Falah Mahmood , AL-Nuaimi Ali J. , Sadeq Ail Wasfi
Published: May 2021

A study was done at the theatre of department of veterinary Surgery & obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq which performed to compare the effect of application of chitosan action as scaffold with collagen fibers. The histopathological findings in operation’s sites showed the developments of skin graft’s healing which was the guide to monitoring the healing. The results showed that the chitosan-treated grafts was healed more controllable with less scar tissue than non-treated grafts which indicates that the chitosan was coordinated the healing.
Metal complexes of 1,6-bis(1-benzimidazolyl) hexane: synthesis, characterization and biological activity against some soil-borne fungi
Authors: Salman Abbas Washeel , Alkooranee Jawadayn Talib , Arkawazi Hayder Dawood , Kadhim Alsharifi Haitham , Hardie Michaele
Published: May 2021

Metal complexes Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) of the ligand 1,6-bis(1-benzimidazolyl)hexane were synthesized by the reaction of the ligand and appropriate metal salts in l: 1 mole ratio. The ligand and its complexes were characterized using IR, Uv-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, Mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis CHN. Depending on the abovementioned techniques, a polymeric structure was proposed to the prepared complexes. Further, all the synthesized compounds were tested against some of the soil-borne fungi namely; Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. The results showed that the tested compounds have an effect on the growth of pathogenic fungi. This leads to thinking that these compounds could be used one day as new chemical pesticides as an alternative to chemical compounds that have been shown to be resistant to pathogens.
Diagnostic study to detect toxoplasmosis in some Iraqi sheep
Authors: Al-abodi Hiba Riyadh
Published: May 2021

Parasites are cause a lot of important and serious diseases which widespread to peoples and animals all over the world, vector for disease to humans by consumption of meat sheep fresh as liver or not cooked well meat, so in this way the toxoplasmosis in sheep considered one of the causes economic and social damage and important sources of transfer this infection human, for this fact we must value economic and social damage by investigate the incidence of this disease in sheep, and using accurate methods for detection of this infection in blood fluids or tissue of sheep, so in this study we using immunological and molecular methods to detection of the parasite in sheep blood specimens in Al-Shamiya city/Al-Qadisiyah government/Iraq, the results explained presence that antibodies in 14 samples (14%) below level significant (P≤ 0.05) by using Rapid Test Cassette, while the results depending on (RT PCR) for detection of specific gene of parasite B1 gene in blood specimens showed to (9 of 100)(9%) positive infection results in examined sheep. from these results, we can give simple picture ensured rule the infected sheep in transmission the disease to human although a low percentage of positive infection, presence the disease in sheep indicator to role sheep to transfer the disease to the human an achieved the economic and social damage.
Molecular study to detect blaTEM
and blaCTx-M
genes in ESpL Escherichia coli and their antimicrobial resistance profile
Authors: Jaleal Raoof May Abdul , Fayidh Mohammed A.
Published: May 2021

The common use of beta-lactam antibiotics resulted in the emergence of bacterial strains capable of spreading and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESβL). Up to 70 of clinical samples, 30 of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were investigated as ESβL isolates. These isolates collected from inpatients and outpatients to some hospitals in Baghdad. The samples include urine, pus, stool, and blood from both genders, different age groups. The VITEK2 was used to check production of ESβL and for the automated diagnosis of rapid antimicrobial susceptibility experimentation and to the identification of the target bacteria. Technique of PCR was applied to detect the presence of blaTEM
and blaCTx-M genes. The results demonstrated that 30(43%) isolates of the current study were ESβL producers. The gel electrophoresis of DNA for positive ESβL isolates gives differentiate results of both blaTEM
and blaCTX-M genes were observed in 15(50%) and 29(96%) isolates respectively. The antibiotic resistance pattern to 20 antibiotics were showed majority of isolates have the multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes and susceptible to carbapenems of antibiotic. Furthermore, the results of the genetic analysis, along with the pattern of isolates for antibiotic resistance, it may give an acceptable explanation for the higher presence of the blaCTX-M
gene compared with the proportion of the blaTEM
gene in the same isolates.
Antibacterial, antivirulence and antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using alkhal mother shae
Authors: Al-Kalifawi Esam J. , Al-Azzawi Yasamine. J. , Feaza Mohammed A.
Published: May 2021

Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using alkhal mother shae. Nanoparticles were characterized using four methods. The results of the fourth methods proved that silver nanoparticles are spherical shape with a size ranging between 30-40 nm. AMS-AgNPs has antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against gram negative and gram positive tested bacteria, and it has antifungal and antivirulence activity against five types of fungi. Results declare the effect of AMS-AgNPs on the fungus, it can disrupt the integrity fungal cell wall, promoting the permeability and the leakage of the cell constituents, and eventually induce cell death, which is reached from the Congo red dye absorption test and the formation of swelling in the hyphae of the fungal. This study revealed that AMS-AgNPs can be used as an alternative medicin for pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Adsorption Studies of Cobalt (II) Complex By Bentonite clay surface
Authors: Abd-Ulrazzaq Sahira S. , Dawood Farah A. , T. Numan Ahmed
Published: May 2021

This paper is summarized with one of the applications of adsorption behavior; A UV-Vis method has been applied to survey the isotherm of adsorption. Results for experimental showed the applicability of Langmuir equation. The effect of temperature on the adsorption of cobalt (II) Complex by bentonite surface was studied. The results shown that the amount of adsorption was formed to increase, such as the temperature increase (Endothermic process). Cobalt (II) Complex has adsorption studies by bentonite surface at different pH values (1.6-10); these studies displayed an increase in adsorption with increasing pH.

ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS thermodynamic functions of the cobalt (II) Complex for their adsorption have been calculated.
Influence of ultrasonic pre-treatment on Pyrolysis and Combustion of Sewage Sludge by TG
Authors: Taha Ruaa O. , Mohammed Farah Ali
Published: May 2021

The combustion and pyrolysis processes of sewage sludge were studied in the current report. Two kinds of sewage sludge(SS) were used, SS the sewage sludge was not treated, while SS-U90KHz the ultrasonic bath pre-treated sewage sludge with a frequency of 90KHz was not treated. Wastewater treatment plants are the origins of waste sludge. Analyses were performed roughly and finally. Thermogravimetric research analyzed the thermal behaviour of the analysed sewage bucket (TGA). The samples were heated at a constant rate of 25 to 800 Celsius by air (combustion) and nitrogen flow (pyrolysis). For sludges which have been investigated. In the TG/DTG curves, comparable thermal profiles were available. All of the TG/curves DTG’s were divided into three periods. At the same time, during the combustion stage, the sewage sludge decomposition occurred in the 180-580 0C range. The pyrolysis procedure took place at a lower rate, but less weight loss..
Removal Congo Red Dye on Surface of Nano Charcoal Activated by Used Central Composite Chemometric Method
Authors: Sayhood Aayad Ammar , Abdulrudhaand Noor Hassan , Halboos Mohanad Hazim
Published: May 2021

In this paper; the modern method was used to remove the congo red dye (CR) from its aqueous solutions by chemometric separation. The nano charcoal activated (NCA) was used to remove the CR and the factors affecting the adsorption process were studied simultaneously to reduce the number of experiments followed and to rely on central composite design and the method of response surface by used statistica 12 program. This gives the relationship between all the variables simultaneously. It was found that the removal efficiency reached to 98.371%.
Loading and Activating a Carbon Surface and Applied for Congo Red Adsorption, Kinetic Study
Authors: Faraj Russol Abdul Salam , Abbas Ahmed Mohammed
Published: May 2021

this paper contains preparation of Active carbon surface (AC) from pro so millet grain husks and Loading and activating by Iron oxide and hydrogen peroxide sequentially to obtain surface (ACIPE). The changes of previous processes on Active carbon surface were diagnosed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ). These surfaces (AC and ACIPE ) were using as adsorbent for removing of congo red dye from aqueous solutions under certain conditions through batch system. More than one kinetic model was applied to congo red dye adsorption process and it was found that the most kinetic model applied to it is a model ( pseudo second order model). In addition to the adsorption efficiency of the surface after activation and loading, it was much better than the main surface where the adsorption efficiency of the first and second surface was equal ( 27%, 85% ) sequentially at higher temperatures.
Human Activity Diagnosis System Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Jabar Mohammed Khammas , Al-Qurabat Ali Kadhum M.
Published: May 2021

The Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT) is the next step in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology used for Cognitive Computing, which plays a main role in health and disease diagnosis. The study was suggested a diagnosis method to sound sensitivity by developing a framework with IoT and cloud based on a facial expression recognition system. It was achieved through the creation of a cognitive IoT hardware-based environment and the elements of the programs that are implemented to test the behaviour of people suffering from sound sensitivity, this operation is done by using a camera and image processing and it used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) as a facial recognition software to track human facial emotions through live video. The sentiment values were analysed that they were collected and stored in a cloud using Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) protocol. These emotions were categorized as abnormal or normal. Normal states represented by happy or natural feelings that give the impression that the environment is suitable for people’s senses and that they do not suffer from discomfort towards this environment, therefore; the system operates on a mechanism to increase the volume in this environment by using an Arduino microcontroller. Although the device operates automatically in the event of hypersensitivity detection, it reduces this severity. The obtained results showed the efficiency of the proposed system in recognizing facial emotions with 80% accuracy.
The Classification of Fetus Gender Based on Fuzzy C-Mean Using a Hybrid Filter
Authors: Aljuboori Ahmed S , Abdullatif Firas A. , Mahmmed Duraid Y.
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes a new approach, of Clustering Ultrasound images using the Hybrid Filter (CUHF) to determine the gender of the fetus in the early stages. The possible advantage of CUHF, a better result can be achieved when fuzzy c-mean FCM returns incorrect clusters. The proposed approach is conducted in two steps. Firstly, a preprocessing step to decrease the noise presented in ultrasound images by applying the filters: Local Binary Pattern (LBP), median, median and discrete wavelet (DWT), (median, DWT & LBP) and (median & Laplacian) ML. Secondly, implementing Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) for clustering the resulted images from the first step. Amongst those filters, Median & Laplace has recorded a better accuracy. Our experimental evaluation on real data from the Kadhimiya teaching hospital shows that the proposed CUHF is a better method when compared to the accuracy of the other integrated filters.
Multi-Camera Collaborative Network Experimental Study Design of Video Surveillance System for Violated Vehicles Identification
Authors: Rashid Hasan Thabit , Ali Israa Hadi
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we propose an experimental study of multi-camera collaborative network for surveillance the highway traffic turn in real life scenario, the target of surveillance based offline video processing is capturing the violated vehicles that driving violated paths in many cases specified by user-defined rules. Best topology of the experiment zone is considered and covered by four pillars; each has two (fixed and motorized) cameras that casing the entire specific effective field of view. As to author knowledge, there is no such available experiment, and hence, it could serve researchers that interested in. However, the experiment is done for around 180 recorded hours for 8 videos during 9 days, each video for one camera. It is designed based on the collaborative cameras principle for intelligent video surveillance systems and the outcomes show that the surveillance and the tracking of violated vehicles have been successes in most user-defined rules cases for more than 90 % cases.
Higher Education’s Certificates Model based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Ali Mustafa A. , Bhaya Wesam S.
Published: May 2021

Blockchain technology has revolutionized economic transactions, and it is expected to spread and influence other fields. It can create innovative and destructive effects on the systems that need to be executed, store, verified, and continually update digital data among participating parties. Moreover, it provides security, privacy, trust, and transparency. In the education field, there is a shy presence of some blockchain applications, and the majority of them have a pilot character. Hence, a model based on blockchain is introduced in this study, which aims to provides easy to apply for certificates, as well as share and verify these certificates with a third party. Moreover, the mechanism of the proposed model proposes permanent distributed hashes records of students’ certificates in Higher Education to reduce forgery. In conclusion, the study discussed the opportunities, benefits, features, and challenges are represented by deploying this model in the Higher Education field.
Improving Flower Pollination Algorithm for Solving 0–1 Knapsack Problem
Authors: Basheer Ghalya Tawfeeq , Algamal Zakariya Yahya
Published: May 2021

Binary knapsack problem has received considerable attention in combinational optimization. Various meta-heuristic algorithms are dedicated to solve this problem in the literature. Recently, a binary flower pollination algorithm (BFPA) was proposed, which has been successfully applied to solve 0-1 knapsack problem. In this paper, two new time-varying transfer functions are proposed to improve the exploration and exploitation capability of the BFPA with the best solution and short computing time. Based on small, medium, and high-dimensional scales of the knapsack problem, the computational results reveal that the proposed time-varying transfer functions not only to find the best possible solutions but also to have less computational time. Compared to the standard transfer functions, the efficiency of the proposed time-varying transfer functions is superior, especially in the high-dimensional scales.
Application of Fixed Point in Algebra Fuzzy Normed Spaces
Authors: Kider Jehad R
Published: May 2021

In the present paper first we recall the definition of algebra fuzzy metric space and some basic properties of algebra fuzzy metric space are introduced. Our goal is to prove the fixed point theorem in fuzzy complete algebra fuzzy metric space. Finally, the application to this theorem introduced.
Radiative peristaltic transport of Ree-Eyring fluid through porous medium in asymmetric channel subjected to combined effect of inclined MHD and convective conditions
Authors: Ali Hayat A
Published: May 2021

This study emphasizes the flow phenomenon of trapped bolus traveling along the interior walls of asymmetric inclined channels contains a non-Newtonian Ree-Eyring. The flow was exposed to influenced by inclined MHD field, thermal heat radiative, and porous media. Further, no slip and convective thermal conditions are considered. Mathematical expression for governing equations are reformulated and in accordance with lubrication approximations, nonlinear partial differential equations of the flow reduced into a system of ordinary differential equations associated with boundary conditions an approximate solution is deduced by implementing perturbation strategy for tiny A Ree-Eyring fluid parameter. Finally, a graphical description is presented to figure out the elevation behavior of flow quantities i.e. velocity profile, temperature distribution, pressure rise, and streamlines formulation due to variation of emerging involved parameters. The study analyzed that the velocity profile reveals mixed behavior via increment of Ree-Eyring parameters η, A as well as Hartman number H and Darcy number Da. whereas the thermal radiative parameter Rn accelerates the temperature distribution profile. The study calculations are made by the “Mathematica 11.3” package.
A reduction of Dynamic Fault Tree to a Simple Form
Authors: Abdulkadhim Ali Salman
Published: May 2021

The dynamic fault tree expands fault tree by giving the design of complex system components’ actions and crossings. Because DFT is high grade design and simple to use it is proving a rising not fail through reliability researchers. Unluckily, an issue of problems as yet stays when we using DFT These problems are (1) There are no formalities, (2) restriction in symbolic analysis and thus sensitiveness to increasing the trouble, and (3) there is a few of modular type-structure. Chain of Markov (I/O-IMC) input/output formularization are used to analyse DFT. I/O-IMC have accurate semantics and are expansion of uninterrupted-time Markov chains with output and input conducts.
On semi strongly (E, F)-convex functions and semi strongly (E, F)-convex optimization problems
Authors: Majeed S N , Enad A A
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a new class of non-convex functions called semi strongly (E, F)-convex functions are presented. This class represents a natural extension of semi stronglyE-convex functions shown in the literature. Different properties of this class of functions are discussed. Optimality properties of constrained optimization problems in which the objective function or the inequality constraints functions are semi strongly (E, F)-convex are proved for this class.
Stabilization study of a non-Linear self-regression model using Linear Approximation Technique
Authors: Neamah Kawther Abbood , Namah Safa Abood
Published: May 2021

In this paper, stability in a polynomial model called a polynomial self-regression model with trigonometric boundaries was studied. A linear approximation technique was used, and the Box-Genghis method was used in data analysis, and time series modeling of numbers of people with media. Data were obtained from AL-Yarmouk Hospital in Baghdad AL-Karkh for the period (2011-2016) shows the numbers of patients with the disease through the technique of Linear approximation. Then we found the single point and the stability of the final cycle, and we tried to apply the results that we obtained on the correct data for audit.
Generalized Projectivity and *Generalized Projectivity
Authors: Hussain Mukdad Qaess , Rasheed Ammar Saied
Published: May 2021

Let R be a Ring with identity and let T be a unitary left Module over R. In this paper, we recall the concepts of generalized projectivity and *generalized projectivity. These types of projectivity are very useful for the study on direct sums of Modules to be semihollow-lifting.
Equivalence of Some Iterations for Class of Quasi Contractive Mappings
Authors: Maibed Zena Hussein , Thajil Ali Qasem
Published: May 2021

In this article, we recalled different types of iterations as Mann, Ishikawa, Noor, CR-iteration and, Modified SP_iteration of quasi δ-contraction mappings, and we proved that all these iterations equivalent to approximate fixed points of δ-contraction mappings in Banach spaces.
The Homomorphism of a cubic set of a semigroup in a KU-algebra
Authors: Hasan Omniat Adnan , Kareem Fatema F.
Published: May 2021

The study of homomorphisms in cubic sets is considered one of the important concepts that transfer algebraic properties between different structures, so we study a homomorphism of a cubic set of a semigroup in a KU-algebra and defined the product of two cubic sets in this structure. Firstly, we define the image and the inverse image of a cubic set in a KU-semigroup and achieve some results in this notion. Secondly, the Cartesian product of cubic subsets in a KU-semigroup is discussed and some important characteristics are proved.
Soft Convergence Via Soft-ᶅ-Pre-Generalized-Open Sets
Authors: Esmaeel R B , Hammood A A
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the concept of soft open set is inserted by using soft ideal with soft pre-open sets, like: soft-ᶅ-pre-g-open sets “spᶅg-open” some of the characteristics of these sets are offered. New soft functions are given such as; sᶅpg-open functions, soft ᶅ*pg-open functions, soft ᶅ** pg-open functions, soft ᶅpg-continuous functions, strongly soft ᶅpg-continuous functions and soft ᶅpg-irresolute-functions. New separation axioms and convergences are introduced by using soft-ᶅ-pre-g-open sets like; sᶅpg-Ʈ0-space, sᶅpg-Ʈ1-space, sᶅpg-Ʈ2-space. some figures and suggestions have been introduced the relationships with near soft functions as well some examples are explained.
Approximate Solution of Delay Integral Equations via Functions of two Variable
Authors: Al-Jubory Abdul Khaleq O.
Published: May 2021

In this work, we adopt B. spline function of two variables basis for solving linear multi-dimensional delay Volterra integral equations nonhomogeneous of the second type. We employ the two methods to approximate solution via B. spline function of two variables basis that yields linear system. Some examples are given, the results shown in tables and figures. These methods are very effective, convenient and overcome the difficulty of traditional methods. We solve this problem with the assistance of Matlab18.
Global Convergence Condition for a New Spectral Conjugate Gradient Method for Large-Scale Optimization
Authors: Sheekoo Ahmed Hussien , al-Naemi Ghada M.
Published: May 2021

The spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) method is an effective method to solve large-scale nonlinear unconstrained optimization problems. In this work, a new spectral conjugate gradient method is proposed with a strong Wolfe-Powell line search (SWP). The idea of the new one is using theβBZAformula which is proposed by Baluch and et al., with suitable parameter φ denoted by (SCGBZA). Under the usual assumptions, the descent properties and overall global convergence of the proposed method (SCGBZA) are proved. The proposed method is numerically proven to be effective.
Mean Square Analytical Solution for Beta Statistical Function with Second-Order Random Differential Equation
Authors: Jasim Abeer Majeed
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the second-order random differential equation was solved using the new iterative method (NIM). This NIM is based on an integrated equation with the resulting solutions are a series of powers. There are many examples that demonstrate that the method is an effective and accurate technique.
Stress-Strength Reliability for P(T < X < Z) using Dagum Distribution
Authors: Karam Nada S. , Attia Ali M.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the reliability formula of the stress-strength model is derived for probability P(T<X<Z) of a component having strength X falling between two stresses T and Z, that these stresses and strength variables have Dagum distribution with unknown shape parameters and known common scale parameters. Three methods for estimating the Dagum parameters are discussed which are the Maximum Likelihood, Regression method and Method of Moment, and the comparison between these estimation method based on a simulation study by the mean square error criteria for each of the small, medium and large samples. The most important conclusion is that this comparison confirms that the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator works better for most of the experiments studied.
Reliability of n-Cascade Stress-Strength P(X<Y<Z) System for four different distributions
Authors: Karam Nada S. , Yousif Shahbaa M.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the n-cascade with P(X<Y<Z) is used to find the reliability of stress-strength system, where X and Z are the strengths of a component subjected to stress Y. The n-cascade stress-strength system reliability expression is obtained for four different distributions which are [Exponential Pareto, Inverted Exponential, Exponentiated Invers Rayleigh, Frechet]. For some specific values of the parameters of the distribution, the numerical values of the four different reliabilities have also been computed, provided, and discussed.
Spectrum of Secondary Submodules
Authors: Ahmed Ghaleb , Gedaan Suaad , Ibrahim Rasha
Published: May 2021

Let M be a right module over a commutative ring R with identity. The spectrum of secondary modules is defined in this paper. Some connections between the algebraic properties of these modules and the topological properties of their spectrum are investigated.
Some Results On The N —Fuzzy Domination in Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Yousif Hayder J. , Omran Ahmed A.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this work is to introduce a new fuzzy domination parameter in fuzzy graphs Gf
= (η, ρ) it is called a (N – fuzzy domination number) denoted by γN
(Gf
). Some properties and boundaries of this definition are introduced. The N – fuzzy domination number of fuzzy certain graphs as fuzzy complete, path, star, cycle, complete bipartite, and star are determined. Additionally the relation between the N-degrees of the vertices and the number of edges and N-edges of a fuzzy graph is discussedgraph discussed, with some suitable graphs and examples are given.
On Prime and Semiprime Gamma Rings with Symmetric Gamma n-Centralizers
Authors: Saed Ikram A.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we assume that M is Γ-ring then we will present the definition of symmetric Γ-n-centralizers and the definition of Jordan Γ-n-centralizers of M. After that, we try to find the commutativity of a prime Γ-ring that has a left Γ-n-centralizers of M when it satisfies certain identities. Finally, we find the relationship between Jordan Γ-n-centralizers and symmetric Γ-n-centralizers when M is semiprime Γ-ring.
Closed Fuzzy Dominating Set in Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Yousif Hayder J. , Omran Ahmed A.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we focus on closed fuzzy domination number of a fuzzy graph GF
= (η, ρ) by using effective edge and is denoted by γcl
(GF
) and we obtain some result on this concept, the relationship between λλcl
(GF
) and some other concepts is obtained, finally the concept of closed fuzzy domination number of a join fuzzy graphs is introduced.
Properties and Applications of Truncated Exponential Marshall Olkin Weibull Distribution
Authors: Al-Noor Nadia Hashim , Hadi Hadi Hassan
Published: May 2021

A new flexible compound distribution with four parameters called Truncated Exponential Marshall Olkin Weibull (TEMOW) is proposed as a sub-model of a new generator of continuous distributions named Truncated Exponential Marshall Olkin-G family. Reliability characteristics with several main statistical properties are presented. The maximum likelihood estimation method is adopted to estimate the unknown parameters. Furthermore, to assess the usefulness and flexibility, the TEMOW distribution applied upon simulation study besides real application with two real data set. The simulation results clearly shown the flexible performance of the maximum likelihood estimators for the parameters. Also, the real application results clearly shown that the proposed distribution has outstanding performance than other considered distributions for all information criteria.
Cech Fuzzy Soft Bi-Closure Spaces
Authors: Hmood M T , Majeed R N
Published: May 2021

In the present study, Čech fuzzy soft bi-closure spaces (Čfs bi-csp’s) are defined. The basic properties of Čfs bi-csp’s are studied such as we show from each Čfs bi-csp’s (u, L1, L2, S) we can obtain two types of associative fuzzy soft topological spaces, the first is a fuzzy soft bitopological space (U, τL1
, τL2
, S) and the second is a fuzzy soft topological space (U, τL1

L2
, S). Also, the concepts of the fuzzy soft interior, subspace, and continuity which are the building blocks of classical bi-closure spaces are defined on Čfs bi-csp’s. Besides, several examples have been given so that the subject can be better understood.