bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic framework of creative metacognition
Authors: Lebuda Izabela , Benedek Mathias
Published: January 2023

Creative cognition does not just involve cognitive processes in direct service of the main task objective (e.g., idea generation), but also metacognitive processes that monitor and regulate cognition adaptively (e.g., evaluation of ideas and task performance, or development and selection of task strategies). Although metacognition is vital for creative performance, relevant work is sparse, which may be partly due to persistent ambiguities in the theoretical conceptualization of creative metacognition. Therefore, this article proposes a systematic framework of creative metacognition (CMC), which builds on recent advancements in metacognition theory and extends them to meet the specifics of creative cognition. The CMC framework consists of two dynamic components—monitoring and control—and a static component of metacognitive knowledge, each subsuming metacognitive processes applying to the level of task, performance, and responses. We describe the presumed function of these metacognitive components in the creative process, present evidence in support of each, and discuss their association with related constructs, such as creative self-beliefs. We further highlight the dynamic interplay of metacognitive processes across task performance and identify promising avenues for future research.
Bad Beliefs: Automaticity, Arationality, and Intervention
Authors: Gadsby Stephen
Published: January 2023

Levy (2021) argues that bad beliefs predominately stem from automatic (albeit rational) updating in response to testimonial evidence. To counteract such beliefs, then, we should focus on ridding our epistemic environments of misleading testimony. This paper responds as follows. First, I argue that the suite of automatic processes related to bad beliefs extends well beyond the deference-based processes that Levy identifies. Second, I push back against Levy’s claim that bad beliefs stem from wholly rational processes, suggesting that, in many cases, such processes are better characterised as arational. Finally, I note that Levy is too quick to dismiss the role that individuals can play in cleaning up their own epistemic environments, and I suggest one route through which this is possible.
Different electrophysiological signatures of similarity-induced and Stroop-like interference in language production
Authors: Nozari Nazbanou , Pinet Svetlana
Published: January 2023

Contextual similarity between targets and competitors, whether semantic or phonological, often leads to behavioral interference in language production. It has been assumed that resolving such interference relies on control processes similar to those involved in tasks such as Stroop. This paper tests this assumption by comparing the electrophysiological signatures of interference resulting from a contextual similarity vs. a Stroop-like manipulation. In blocks containing two items, participants repeatedly named pictures that were semantically related, phonologically related or unrelated (contextual similarity manipulation). In straight blocks, the pictures were named by their canonical names. In reverse blocks, participants had to reverse the names (Stroop-like manipulation). Both manipulations led to behavioral interference, but with different electrophysiological profiles. Whole-scalp stimulus-locked and response-locked analyses of semantic and phonological similarity pointed to a system with global modularity with some degree of cascading and interactivity, whereas the effect of phase reversal was sustained and of the opposite polarity. More strikingly, a representational similarity analysis showed a biphasic pattern for Stroop-like reversal, with earlier higher similarity scores for the reverse phase flipping into lower scores ~500 ms post-stimulus onset. In contrast, contextual similarity induced higher similarity scores up to articulation. Finally, response-locked mediofrontal components indexing performance monitoring differed between manipulations. Correct response negativity’s (CRN) amplitude was lower in the phonological blocks, whereas a pre-CRN component had higher amplitude in reverse vs. straight blocks. These results argue against the involvement of Stroop-like control mechanisms in resolving interference from contextual similarity in language production.
The de jure and the de facto of the compensation payments system for human-elephant conflict in Sonitpur district, Assam
Authors: Gaur Mandvi , Sekar Nitin , Baishya Hiten
Published: January 2023

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) leads to losses of human life and property, often in already- marginalized communities. This in turn causes resentment towards and retaliatory action against globally endangered species. Compensation schemes are seen as a valuable reactive tool in mitigating HWC across the world, but there is also widespread acknowledgment that they often do not provide timely or sufficient remedy for HWC in practice. We conduct a case study of the provision of ex-gratia payments for human-elephant conflict in the Sonitpur East and Sonitpur West divisions of Assam, attempting to understand (a) whether the objectives of compensation are clearly delineated in national law or administrative documents or relevant case-law, (b) how the de jure and de facto processes of providing ex-gratia compare, and (c) whether ex-gratia appears to be achieving social justice or conservation objectives. We examine administrative guidelines, case law, and process documents for ex-gratia, as well as conduct qualitative interviews with both government officials and villagers who experienced human-elephant conflict. We conclude that in order to promote social justice and wildlife conservation, the objectives of Assam’s system for compensation in cases of human-wildlife conflict should be made explicit and the administrative process should be clarified and streamlined, and we discuss specific recommendations.
Policy Responses to Technological Change in the Workplace
Authors: Bürgisser Reto
Published: January 2023

The rise of new technologies has been a defining feature of advanced capitalist countries over the last decades, reigniting concerns about the future of work, rising inequality, and technological unemployment. While there is little doubt that rapid technological progress has far-reaching economic, social, and political consequences, little is known about viable and effective policies governments can implement to assist workers and communities in adjusting to a fast-changing economic landscape and rising labor market insecurity. This paper focuses on the ability of public policies to moderate technology-induced labor market vulnerability and its well-documented political downstream consequences. First, I suggest to theoretically classify policy responses according to their intended goal into a three-fold typology, distinguishing between investment, steering, and compensation policies. After that, I provide a detailed discussion of the current state of the empirical literature on how such policy responses affect workers coping with technological change. In the last section, I discuss to what extent these findings can guide the adoption of policies to help workers adapt to technological change and point out potential avenues for future research.
The Dual-Perspective Model’s “Primacy of Communion” Hypothesis: A Vignette Experiment Using LIWC-22 and Further Theoretical Exploration
Authors: Stolte John
Published: January 2023

Results of a vignette experiment supporting the “primacy of communion over agency” hypothesis implied by “the dual-perspective model” (Abele and Wojciszke, 2014) are reported here. However, while the results partially support this model, they do not fit it completely and they prompt a wider exploration of some additional theoretical questions concerning the context, process, and outcomes of the communion-agency dynamic. The present study uses the latest Linguistic Inquiry Word Count tool (LIWC-22) to analyze the implicit motive to affiliate observed in written transcripts collected as part of an earlier study (Stolte, 2021a). The broad goal of the work reported here is to extend our grasp of the agency-communion dynamic as it operates across a wide array of social behavior and social situations. Below, we (a) discuss the central logic of the “dual-perspective model” (DPM), (b) report data partially supporting the “primacy of communion” hypothesis, then (c) expand the analysis by examining three theoretical issue areas focused on: (i) the broader socio-cultural context, (ii) the interactive process of social framing, and (iii) the existential need for social grappling. We argue that while communion does, under certain conditions, have primacy over agency as DPM asserts, other conditions are likely to lead to the primacy of agency over communion. Such other conditions need to be more fully explored and specified as theoretical scope conditions
Musical instruments in Nepali sculpture
Authors: Poudel Parsuram Prasad
Published: January 2023

Nepal is rich in fine arts. Within the fine arts, music and sculpture have an interdependent relationship because of the various religions, cultures, festivals, and traditional practices, that have been existing since ancient times. As a result, varieties of musical instruments can be seen in some of the sculptural works such as metal, stone, and wood sculptures that the ancestors carved out and installed in the various temple courtyards. The main purpose of this article is to interpret and analyze, only the string instruments (Tantri V dya), that have been carved in Nepali sculptures. To solve the query, some temple areas in the Kathmandu Valley have been visited to find out the sculptures carved along with musical instruments. From the study, it has been found that some tantri v dya, such as veena and other string instruments which are played using the bow, were seen played by various religious and mythological characters. Likewise, the instrument playing style and posture were also found in many manners. The present study is more focused on only the string instruments in sculptures rather than their historical background. Thus, future researchers will be get precise guide to study about others musical instruments too.  Although the research is carried out within a limited time and area, the present paper appears to be relevant and fruitful for all the readers.
Philosophy in Art Research
Authors: Sharma Yam Prasad
Published: January 2023

Philosophy is the exploration, quest or search of truth, essence, idea or a thing that has certain value. In art research, there is a question, and we search for the answer. The answer is the essence. Ontology is the study of essence or existence. There is a method to find the truth or essence. Epistemology is the study of method or way of finding truth. What is the use or value of the truth to the researcher and the society? Does it teach or help us in our life? Does it provide us beauty and pleasure? Axiology is the study of the value of the research. There is a problem in a research area. We search for the solution of the problem. We have a method of solving the problem. The solution has certain impact on the society. The research area is explored from certain perspective. This article attempts to clarify the connection of philosophy and research methodology in the research of arts and humanities.
English Language Teachers’ Perception of Teaching Writing in Nepali High Schools
Authors: Pandey Madhukar
Published: January 2023

Writing is a part of learning a language in any academic institution. As teaching writing is a process of learning this article tries to dig out the reasons why teaching writing is becoming complex and rigid in Nepali high school classrooms. In this study, for the purpose of data collection, ten Nepali high school English teachers were interviewed and they shared their experiences of teaching writing skills in their classrooms. The study found some issues that make teaching writing more complex: central- design curriculum, a lack of resources and training, and a lack of English competency of the students in the classrooms. Moreover, students’ performance in grammar, word combination, and sentence composition is rather low that does not encourage students to write. Hence, teaching writing in Nepali high school classrooms is considered a complex genre.
Integration of Information and Communication Technology in Pedagogy: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Joshi Bishnu Maya
Published: January 2023

This paper examines an effective integration of information and communication technology (ICT) in pedagogy in an educational setting. Presently, teaching-learning activities in higher education are becoming more complex and challenging. Therefore, knowledge of the content alone is insufficient to teach social sciences in higher education specified by the curriculum. The knowledge and skills of modern information and communication technology have become equally essential for a skilled teacher to have effective teaching and learning. This study aims to analyze teachers' perceptions of the importance of ICT integration in pedagogy at higher levels of education. Thus, this paper focuses on integrating information and communication technology in pedagogy. It is integral to education in many developing countries, including Nepal. The connotations of information and communication technology have been used variously in teaching. All the electronic materials including computer technology used in teaching-learning activities are considered information and communication technology (ICT). A systematic review of literature on 'Importance of ICT in education and 'Teacher's perception on the integration of ICT in pedagogy' with the theoretical base of content knowledge (CK), pedagogical knowledge (PK), and pedagogical and content knowledge (PCK) with ICT are the main bases of this study. Information was collected from the review of 14 articles published from 2013-2020 in English, which covers teachers' views and perceptions on integrating ICT in pedagogy. The findings indicate that teachers can inevitably use ICT to deliver content effectively and fulfil students' 21st-century ICT needs by integrating pedagogical content knowledge with ICT.
Inequality in Institutional Delivery of Recent Birth among Married Women in Nepal: A Trend Analysis
Authors: Adhikari Ramesh , Wagle Aakriti , Adhikari Anuska
Published: January 2023

The huge discrepancy in health statistics between developed and developing countries occur in the area of maternal mortality, with developing countries contributing most of the figures. This study assesses the trend of institutional delivery of recent birth and compares the inequalities with associated factors that affect institutional delivery in Nepal. The data for this study were obtained from three sequential Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys [NDHS] of 2006, 2011, and 2016. The association between institutional delivery and the explanatory variables was assessed via bivariate analysis (Chi-square test) and multivariate analysis (binary logistic regression). The utilization of health service during delivery stepped up from 21% in 2006 to 62% in 2016. Although the proportion of delivery in health facility increased among poorest over the period of 10 years, the disparity between richest and poorest still persisted from 2006 to 2016 and the association was highly significant in all the surveys. Although government of Nepal has launched the maternity incentive scheme through safe delivery incentive program in 2005, poor women are still deprived from utilizing the service. Poorest and poorer women were 78 per cent (aOR=0.22, 95% CI 0.17-0.27) and 71 Per cent (aOR=0.23, 95%CI 0.23-0.35) respectively less likely to have institutional delivery than the richest women after controlling the other socio-demographic and culture factors. Furthermore, this study has found that education, place of residence, women’s autonomy, religion, number of ANC visits, exposure to newspaper and TV were significant predicators for place of delivery. Although there has been three-fold increment in utilization of health services during delivery over the period of 10 years, the discrepancy between rich and poor, educated and uneducated and urban and rural area is highly evident. Overall, the present study highlights the necessity of interventions to promote institutional delivery with greater focus on poor, uneducated, and rural women
सामुदायिक विद्यालयका राहत शिक्षकका समस्या र समाधान {Problems and the Solutions of Aid Quota 'Rahat' Teachers at Community Schools }
Authors: खनाल Khanal गणेश प्रसाद Ganesh Prasad , नेपाल Nepal दाताराम Dataram
Published: January 2023

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन सामुदायिक विद्यालयका राहत शिक्षकहरूका समस्या र ती समस्याहरूको समाधानमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । यो अध्ययन दोलखा जिल्लाको कालिञ्चोक गाउँपालिकाभित्रका सामुदायिक विद्यालयमा अध्यापनरत छ जना राहत शिक्षकहरूलाई उद्देश्यमूलक नमुना छनोट गरी फिनोमिनोलोजिकल ढाँचामा यो अध्ययन तयार गरिएको छ । अध्ययनमा आवश्यक पर्ने सामग्रीहरू अन्तरवार्ता र छलफलद्वारा सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । अध्ययन अनुसार राहत शिक्षकलाई नीतिगत रूपमा नेतृत्वगत जिम्मेवारी नदिइएको, राहत शिक्षक नियुक्तिमा   व्यवस्थित र पारदर्शी आधारसमेत नभएको पाइयो। यसका कारण विद्यालयमा राहत शिक्षकलाई हेर्ने दृष्टिकोण सकारात्मक देखिएन । राहत शिक्षकहरूको पेसाप्रतिको दृष्टिकोण सकारात्मक बनाउन नेपाल सरकारले नीतिगत रूपमा राहत शिक्षकलाई पनि अन्य शिक्षकसरह समान सेवासुविधा प्रदान गर्नुपर्ने देखिन्छ । राहत शिक्षकहरूलाई विद्यालय तहमा नेतृत्व, जिम्वेवारी, पेसागत सुरक्षाको सुनिश्चित गराउनु पर्दछ । राहत शिक्षक नियुक्ति प्रक्रियामा एकै प्रकारको मापदण्ड अपनाएर दक्ष, योग्य, क्षमतावान् शिक्षक विद्यालयमा प्रवेश गराउने नीतिगत व्यवस्था गरी कार्यान्वयन गर्नु पर्ने देखिन्छ । उनीहरूको पेसागत सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित गर्नाका लागि निश्चित अवधि सेवा अनुभव भएका मध्येबाट आन्तरिक प्रतिस्पर्धाद्वारा स्थायी नियुक्ति दिने व्यवस्था मिलाउनु न्यायोचित देखिन्छ ।
नेपालमा बुढ्यौलीको अवस्था {Old Aged Situation in Nepal}
Authors: उपाध्याय Upadhyay शान्ता Shanta
Published: January 2023

नेपालको सन्दर्भमा ६० वर्ष र सो भन्दा माथिको जनसङ्ख्यालाई वृद्ध जनसङ्ख्याको रूपमा लिइन्छ । हाल विश्वमा वृद्धहरूको जनसङ्ख्या कुल जनसङ्ख्याको १०% रहेको पाइन्छ भने नेपालको अवस्था ८.१३% देखिन्छ । यस अध्ययनको उदेश्य नेपालमा बुढ्यौलीको जनसाङ्ख्यिक अवस्थाको विश्लेषण गर्नु रहेको छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा वि.सं. २००९/११ देखि वि.सं. २०६८ सम्मको जनगणनाका तथ्याङ्कलाई स्रोत मानी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । नेपालमा बि. स. २००९/११ मा कुल जनसङ्ख्या ८२५६६२५ मा वृद्ध जनसङ्ख्या ४०९७६१ (४.९९%) रहेकामा त्यसपछि भएका १०/१० वर्षको जनगणनामा वृद्ध जनसङ्ख्या बढेको देखिन्छ । वि. स. २००९/११ मा जम्मा जनसङ्ख्याको ४.९९% वृद्ध जनसङ्ख्या रहेकोमा वि. स.२०५८ लगभग ४७ वर्षमा सो जनसङ्ख्या १.५१% ले मात्र वृद्धि भई ६.५०% पुगेको पाइन्छ । स्वास्थ्य प्रतिको चेतना, गुणस्तरीय जीवनयापन, पोषणयुक्त खाना, स्वास्थ सेवामा पहुँचका कारण बुढ्यौली वा ज्येष्ठ नागरिकको जनसङ्ख्या र दिनप्रतिदिन बढ्दो क्रममा छ । हाम्रो देशले विकसित देशले जत्तिकै सेवा सुविधा नगरे पनि कल्याणकारी राज्यको अवधारणा अनुरूप वृद्ध भत्ता, सामाजिक सुरक्षा, स्वास्थय उपचार जस्ता कल्याणकारी व्यवस्था गरेको पाइन्छ ।
Children with Disabilities in Digital Era: A Perspective for Physical Education
Authors: Acharya Yadav
Published: January 2023

This study critically analyzes the prospect of physical education for children with disabilities in a digital era. A qualitative design was used to explore the in-depth information. Both primary and secondary data were applied. This study covers blind, deaf and physically disabled students. Altogether 22 key informants and participants were selected for the first-hand information. The data are analyzed and interpreted based on themes by using critical discourse analysis and narrative techniques. The study found that digital technology as the main cause of physical inactivity. Physical activities are essentially needed for children with disabilities especially those who tend to be less physically active and are at higher risk of inactivity complications for coping with the challenges posed by the technology. The study further recommended teachers and parents of children with disabilities to increase outdoor activities so that they can be physically active.
Turismo rural: um caminho para a qualidade de vida
Authors: Tonnini C. Codevila , Lunardi R. , Guido L. de Azevedo
Published: January 2023

Com a vida agitada nas cidades, o estresse relacionado às atividades cotidianas pode produzir transformações na vida dos indivíduos, exigindo constantes adaptações, novas posturas e posicionamentos. No intuito de aliviar as pressões diárias, verifica-se que os indivíduos procuram no turismo rural uma maneira de resgatar a tranqüilidade, a descontração e o lazer, obtidos pelo contato com a natureza, com os animais, com as tradições e a cultura do homem do campo. Assim, o turismo rural pode ser entendido como uma alternativa de melhora na qualidade de vida, minimizando o estresse do cotidiano. Buscou-se com esse estudo identificar como os estabelecimentos que oferecem essa prática associam suas ações à promoção da qualidade de vida. Foram analisados os web sites de 23 propriedades do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando-se como instrumento a internet. Foi possível identificar a relação de três elementos com a promoção da qualidade de vida: a natureza, o convívio com os hábitos e a cultura local e a união do conforto e da tecnologia da cidade com o aconchego da casa no campo.
La forestación en Uruguay: cambio demográfico y empleo en tres localidades
Authors: Carámbula M. , Piñeiro D.
Published: January 2023

En el contexto de los grandes cambios a nivel societal que están ocurriendo en los últimas décadas del siglo XX en este artículo se analizan los impactos que tiene la forestación sobre los cambios demográficos y el empleo. La forestación parece haber incidido en retener y aun aumentar la población en los pequeños poblados estudiados. La forestación también ha aumentado el empleo pero por otro lado ha precarizado la relación laboral. El artículo también sugiere la existencia de dos modelos forestales distintos: uno con transformación de la materia prima en el lugar que da lugar aun desarrollo mas equilibrado, y otro modelo destinado a la producción de pasta de celulosa fuera de la localidad donde los desequilibrios poblacionales y la precarización del empleo parecen ser mayores.
Regímenes silvícolas y retorno financiero para Pinus taeda en las zonas litoral oeste y noreste de Uruguay
Authors: Bussoni A. , Cabris J.
Published: January 2023

La industria forestal en Uruguay, i.e. aserrado, fabricación de pastas celulósicas, tableros MDF y de contrachapado están en rápida expansión. Pinus taeda se ha cultivado tanto para la producción de pulpa como de madera de aserrío. Los productos de aserradero incluyen varias categorías de calidad, desde tablas de encofrado y pallets hasta tablas sin nudos y defectos. La producción de mayor calidad supone aumentar la complejidad de sistemas silvícolas, las tasas de inversión y la duración de rotaciones, con diferentes niveles de riesgo. En el presente trabajo se diseñaron tres sistemas silvícolas para P. taeda cultivado en dos zonas de producción forestal, el Litoral Oeste (lat. 32º40’–33ºS; long. 57–58ºW) y el Noreste (lat. 31º–32º20’S; long. 55–55º30’W). Los sistemas difieren en podas, raleos y duración de la rotación y fueron denominados extensivo, para producción de trozas pequeñas (pulpa o tableros de partículas), intermedio e intensivo, para obtener trozas aserrables de alta calidad. Para cada sistema se simuló crecimiento y rendimiento; estos volúmenes fueron separados en cinco clases de trozas, según diámetro apical y longitud podada. Se compararon según criterios de evaluación financiera, Valor Esperado de la Renta Forestal Anual (RFA) y Valor Esperado de la Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR). La probabilidad de retorno negativo fue calculada usando simulación Montecarlo y se determinaron perfiles de riesgo productivo para cada zona. En el Litoral Oeste, el sistema I produce 196m3 ha-1, 61% en trozas pequeñas, 37% trozas aserrables intermedias; pese a su viabilidad económica, la probabilidad de retorno negativo es 70%. El sistema II presenta bajo rendimiento (154m3 ha-1, rotación 24 años) y alta probabilidad de retorno negativo. El sistema III produce 219m3 ha-1 en rotación 24 años; 60% en trozas aserrables podadas. La TIR promedio es 6,4% y la probabilidad de retorno negativo es baja (5%). En el Noreste, los tres sistemas son viables técnica y financieramente. El sistema II fue el más eficiente, con 309m3 ha-1 en rotación 24 años; sólo 9% se cosecha en trozas pequeñas. El Litoral Oeste presenta baja aptitud para la producción de trozas aserrables de calidad. El Noreste es la zona más apta para la producción forestal en general, puesto que la producción con cualquier sistema es factible. El retiro de subsidios a la plantación no alteró la viabilidad de los regímenes simulados, excepto el sistema extensivo en el Litoral Oeste. Las técnicas de simulación empleadas pueden ser aplicadas a la toma de decisiones sobre carteras de inversión adecuadas al perfil de riesgo del inversor forestal. A medida que se desarrolle la industria local, las desventajas de distancia a mercados se reducirán y los sistemas silvícolas intensivos deberían resultar comparativamente más competitivos.
Efecto de una leguminosa invernal como cultivo de cobertura sobre rendimiento en grano y respuesta a nitrógeno de maíz sembrado sin laboreo
Authors: Ernst O.
Published: January 2023

Cuando el sistema de producción incluye una rotación de cultivos con pasturas plurianuales con leguminosas, existe un ingreso de N por fijación simbiótica, que en promedio supera los 100 kg ha-1 año-1. La siembra de leguminosas anuales entre dos cultivos de verano consecutivos, permitiría incorporar N adicional en el sistema aprovechando el período improductivo que se genera entre la cosecha de un cultivo y la siembra del siguiente. Se evaluó el efecto de incorporar un cultivo cobertura de leguminosa (Trifolium alexandrinum) sobre el aporte de N y rendimiento en grano de maíz sembrado sin laboreo, en una secuencia maíz-barbecho-maíz. Los tratamientos fueron arreglados en un diseño factorial, y consistieron de dos manejos del período de barbecho con cultivo de cobertura (CC) y sin cobertura (SC), por cuatro dosis de N agregados como urea a la siembra de maíz (0, 20, 40 y 60 kg ha-1). No existió diferencia en la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo entre los tratamientos CC y SC. La disponibilidad de N-NO3 - en suelo, absorción de N y producción de materia seca al estadio V6 y R1 de maíz fue significativamente mayor para CC. La eficiencia de recuperación aparente del N fijado por el CC se incrementó de 13% a V6 a 24% en R1 y 47% a cosecha. El N equivalente fertilizante fue de 24 kg ha-1 y la Utilización Aparente de N fijado fue de 36%.
Censo de agricultores urbanos de la zona metropolitana de Montevideo: desafíos para los programas de la Universidad de la República y del Municipio de Montevideo
Authors: García de Souza M. , Álvarez J. , Dieste J. P. , Rachetti M.
Published: January 2023

A comienzo del 2004 se realizó el primer censo de huertas urbanas pertenecientes a los Programas de Producción de Alimentos y Organización Comunitaria de la Universidad de la República (PPAOC - UDELAR) y de Agricultura Urbana de Montevideo Rural del Municipio de Montevideo (PAU - UMR - IMM). Las huertas urbanas han constituido una respuesta de los vecinos para enfrentar la crisis económica y social que los afecta. El conjunto de emprendimientos relevados en este trabajo permite realizar una caracterización de la agricultura urbana localizada en el área metropolitana de Montevideo. Este estudio permite obtener una base de datos confiable de la población y de los emprendimientos con los que trabaja el PPAOC y el PAU. Conociendo este "estado de situación" se podrán plantear líneas de investigación futuras como complementar con datos globales, investigaciones en curso de carácter puntual. Se pueden obtener parámetros poblacionales de los cuales extraer en el futuro muestras representativas. La gran mayoría de los emprendimientos posee una organización en torno al núcleo familiar; se vincula históricamente con la crisis económica-social de 2002, en tanto desencadenante de la implementación de los emprendimientos; accede a la tierra de diversas formas, incluyendo el uso de terrenos cedidos y ocupados, además de terrenos propios; señala el autoconsumo como destino principal de la producción. Simultáneamente, se relevó la presencia de un número importante de emprendimientos organizados a partir de núcleos humanos extra-familiares (emprendimientos comunitarios), de aparición más tardía, utilizando preponderantemente tierras no propias, y manejando escalas de mayor tamaño (número de trabajadores y área cultivada). Fue posible constatar algunas fortalezas en las prácticas productivas implementadas, así como algunos elementos que no han sido bien resueltos hasta el presente. Dentro de las primeras se destacan la diversidad biológica (número de cultivos) en la gran mayoría de los emprendimientos, así como, el altísimo porcentaje de huertas que autoproducen parte de la semilla y la utilización del fertilizante orgánico. Dentro de los problemas pendientes, que pueden constituirse en factores de insustantebilidad, se destacan el mal quipamientos de los emprendimientos, las formas de tenencia precarias, y la falta de disponibilidad de fuentes de agua para realizar el riego de las huertas. Se confirma la necesidad de continuar generando información e interacción con estos nuevos actores del sistema de producción de alimentos.
ADMINISTRACJA PUBLICZNA JAKO PRZEDMIOT BADAŃ POLITOLOGICZNYCH
Authors: Nocoń Jarosław
Published: January 2023

The article discusses premises for distinguishing scientific disciplines and their relationship to their object of research. The main thesis is related to the claim that currently, the disciplinary status of public administration research is a result of political decision rather than of the subject matter specificity and methodological consistency of the research problems. This is primarily influenced by the fragmented and hybrid nature of public administration issues. Next, arguments are presented for the separation of public administration from the political science perspective. Arguments justifying the close relationship between the problems of administration and political science are also offered. The focus is on an attempt to answer the questions whether administration only implements policy or also creates its value and goals, and why administration can be considered an integral part of the political sphere of social life. In this context, the conditions for capturing administration as part of politics and politicization of public administration are presented.
KONSOLIDOWAĆ, NIE KONSOLIDOWAĆ… GŁOS DO DYSKUSJI O POŁĄCZENIU KORPUSU SŁUŻBY CYWILNEJ I PRACOWNIKÓW SAMORZĄDOWYCH
Authors: Włodyka Ewa Maria
Published: January 2023

The paper explores selected issues related to the possibility of establishing a selfgovernment civil service in Poland. The analysis was carried out from the perspective of recognizing selfgovernment administration (public administration at the level of local government) as public administration conceived in terms of formal and doctrinal assignment of public administration being part of executive power in the classical triad of power division. Empirical data were demonstrated illustrating the characteristics of appointments as the basis of the employment relationship in the civil service corps, and periodically of the local government employees, as a factor stabilizing staff fluctuation in public administration. The main objective was to find an answer, on the basis of the collected data, to the research question whether local government administration should become a permanent element of professional public administration as an element of the civil service corps.
KSZTAŁTOWANIE SIĘ ETOSU SŁUŻBY CYWILNEJ W POLSCE – ANALIZA HISTORYCZNOPRAWNA I SYSTEMATYCZNA
Authors: Barankiewicz Tomasz , Przywora Bogusław
Published: January 2023

The subject of this study is the ethos of the civil service in Poland. The authors analyze the issue at two levels of: historical and systematic. The main motive for the considerations is the 100th anniversary of the Polish civil service. We ask about the achievements, changes, and direction of further development of the civil service ethos. We propose to look at the development of the ethos starting from the model of a “professional role performer” to the model of the “communication ethos”. Further development of public administration will not change its fundamental direction, however, it should be noted that the importance of the state is emphasized as a guarantor of the stability of social processes, including the role and importance of the civil service.
ZMIANY W ZAKRESIE KARY 25 LAT POZBAWIENIA WOLNOŚCI NA GRUNCIE KODEKSU KARNEGO Z 1997 R. ORAZ PRÓBA ICH OCENY
Authors: Lachowski Jerzy
Published: January 2023

The Act of 7 July 2022 deleted the penalty of 25 years of imprisonment from the list of penalties in Article 32 of the Polish Criminal Code. As a rule, such a solution should be assessed positively: after all, between a prison sentence of up to 15 years and a penalty of 25 years of imprisonment there was too large a gap, forcing the imposition of penalties that were not always fair. Such situations occurred in particular when, in a particular case, the penalty of up to 15 years of imprisonment appeared to be too lenient and the penalty of 25 years of imprisonment too severe. The problem, however, is that as a result of the amendment, the upper limit of imprisonment was increased to 30 years, which led to some inconsistencies in the Polish Criminal Code. In addition, such a legislative solution has resulted in a rather serious tightening of penalties for some crimes so far also punishable by 25 years of imprisonment, despite the fact that the number of crimes in this area is currently falling. This study attempts to assess the introduction of a sentence of up to 30 years in lieu of a 25 year’s prison sentence, taking into account the de lege ferenda postulates formulated so far in the relevant literature.
CHARAKTER PRAWNY PRZEDAWNIENIA KARALNOŚCI W POLSKIM PRAWIE KARNYM
Authors: Vachev Valeri
Published: January 2023

Despite the fact that for over a hundred years the statute of limitations has been a very popular subject among scholars and an issue of paramount importance, no satisfactory answer has yet been given to the question of its legal nature. Although the dominant view in the Polish science of criminal law is that the statute of limitations is substantive, in this text the author proves its procedural nature. This issue has a significant impact on a number of problems that are essential for the proper application of criminal law.
MIĘDZY PREWENCYJNYM A BEZPRAWNYM POZBAWIENIEM WOLNOŚCI − UWAGI NA TLE INSTYTUCJI KWARANTANNY
Authors: Wasylik Przemysław
Published: January 2023

This article attempts to provide a partial examination of the title issue in the Polish legal order from the point of view of criminal law. The basic thesis of the article boils down to the statement that the criminal law limits of admissibility of the application of quarantine in Poland, during the Covid-19 pandemic, contradicted, inter alia, article 5(1)(e) of the ECHR, but also violated the accepted order of hierarchy of Polish legal acts as referred to in the Constitution and the rules of correct legislation. In order to demonstrate such a statement, the manner and conditions and the possibility of applying this type of measure of medical coercion, as well as the sanctions for its violation, were taken into account. Attention was paid to selected consequences resulting from this classification. In addition, a survey of the case law of the common courts, administrative courts, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court on the violation of quarantine was carried out. It has been assumed that the court’s imputation of a criminal act the elements of which are defined by a blanket provision of the criminal act and supplementary provisions of other normative acts, requires: 1) verifying the admissibility of regulating a specific matter with regulations of a sub-statutory rank; 2) examining the compliance with the Constitution of the content of such regulations are in line with the blanket regulation, and 3) observing the scope of the authorization to issue them, placed in the law. The aforementioned matters must be regulated directly in the law, which will ensure that the standards resulting from the Constitution are met, and their enforcement should be carried out by sanitary authorities or courts. The view was expressed that in criminal procedure, preventive measures should be aimed at the prevention of crimes and not at every unlawful act. It was stressed that the public authorities should take responsibility for every unlawful violation of constitutionally protected rights. It was argued that the size of any administrative fines imposed for noncompliance with the quarantine obligation should be proportionate to the financial capacity of the majority of citizens, in accordance with the directives that follow from administrative law. Finally, a critical assessment was made of the legality of imposing quarantine in the context of international treaty obligations for the protection of human rights.
DZIAŁANIE NA SZKODĘ INTERESU PUBLICZNEGO JAKO ZNAMIĘ PRZESTĘPSTWA Z ART. 231 K.K. POPEŁNIONEGO PRZEZ FUNKCJONARIUSZA PUBLICZNEGO WYKONUJĄCEGO ZAWÓD PRAWNICZY
Authors: Wilkowska-Płóciennik Aneta
Published: January 2023

One of the conditions of criminal liability for committing the offense under Art. 231 of the Criminal Code is acting to the detriment of public or individual interest. In the case of an offense under Art. 231 of the Criminal Code by a legal practitioner, i.e. a judge, public prosecutor, notary or bailiff, it is important to define the concept of “public interest”. Due to the scope of powers and duties of the above-mentioned professional groups, acting to the detriment of the public interest will be a much more common feature of a crime than acting to the detriment of the individual interest. It should be noted that the notion of “public interest” as a definition element of a crime under Art. 231 of the Penal Code is an undefined phrase, which is understandable due to the blank nature of this crime. It is therefore important to define this concept as precisely as possible when resolving a case in a specific factual state – in view of the importance of public tasks of these professional groups, as well as the legal and social consequences of their actions or omissions. One cannot lose sight of the fact that too broad an interpretation of this concept would result in an unauthorized extension of the scope of liability, with a negative effect on the functioning of the legal system. This publication is an attempt to answer the question whether such a definition of “acting to the detriment of the public interest” in judicial practice is accepted as a standard of judgment.
Understanding Anti-Asian Racism from Communication Perspectives: Insights from a Rapid Literature Review
Authors: Chen Sibo , Shiga John , Sher Chloe
Published: January 2023

Background: Given the escalating anti-Asian racism and xenophobia caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, this Research in Brief presents a rapid review of relevant research published between March 2020 and February 2022 in cultural studies and communication journals.

Analysis: The data collection identified only 13 articles published by the target journals, indicating the marginal status of communication and media studies in the expanding body of research on anti-Asian racism. Further qualitative thematic analysis of the 13 articles revealed their analytical emphasis on anti-Asian discourse and rhetoric online. Meanwhile, the structural factors underlying the reproduction of systemic racism remain underexplored.

Conclusion and implications: Based on this rapid review, it is recommended that future research pay more attention to how racial tension and discrimination are woven into everyday communications across a range of media including social media, traditional media, and interpersonal communication. There is also an urgent need for communication scholars to develop intersectional lenses that facilitate the critical analysis of macro factors (class, gender, geopolitics, etc.) that contribute to the reproduction of racial hierarchy in Canada and other settler states.
Spectrum Auctions: Designing markets to benefit the public, industry and the economy
Authors: Myers Geoffrey
Published: January 2023

Access to the radio spectrum is vital for modern digital communication. It is an essential component for smartphone capabilities, the Cloud, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, and multiple other new technologies. Governments use spectrum auctions to decide which companies should use what parts of the radio spectrum. Successful auctions can fuel rapid innovation in products and services, unlock substantial economic benefits, build comparative advantage across all regions, and create billions of dollars of government revenues. Poor auction strategies can leave bandwidth unsold and delay innovation, sell national assets to firms too cheaply, or create uncompetitive markets with high mobile prices and patchy coverage that stifles economic growth. Corporate bidders regularly complain that auctions raise their costs, while government critics argue that insufficient revenues are raised. The cross-national record shows many examples of both highly successful auctions and miserable failures. Drawing on experience from the UK and other countries, senior regulator Geoffrey Myers explains how to optimise the regulatory design of auctions, from initial planning to final implementation. Spectrum Auctions offers unrivalled expertise for regulators and economists engaged in practical auction design or company executives planning bidding strategies. For applied economists, teachers, and advanced students this book provides unrivalled insights in market design and public management. Providing clear analytical frameworks, case studies of auctions, and stage-by-stage advice, it is essential reading for anyone interested in designing public-interested and successful spectrum auctions.
LUSO-TROPICALISM AND ITS DISCONTENTS: The Making and Unmaking of Racial Exceptionalism
Authors: Roque Ricardo
Published: January 2023

Modern perceptions of race across much of the Global South are indebted to the Brazilian social scientist Gilberto Freyre, who in works such as The Masters and the Slaves claimed that Portuguese colonialism produced exceptionally benign and tolerant race relations. This volume radically reinterprets Freyre’s Luso-tropicalist arguments and critically engages with the historical complexity of racial concepts and practices in the Portuguese-speaking world. Encompassing Brazil as well as Portuguese-speaking societies in Africa, Asia, and even Portugal itself, it places an interdisciplinary group of scholars in conversation to challenge the conventional understanding of twentieth-century racialization, proffering new insights into such controversial topics as human plasticity, racial amalgamation, and the tropes and proxies of whiteness.
The Professionalization of the Clergy
Authors: Ciappara Frans
Published: January 2023

This article engages with the role of the parish priests in Malta in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It focuses especially on their degree of professionalization by examining their relations with the bishop and with the other members of the clergy and the laity. It concludes that, as in other countries, it was difficult for the decrees of the council of Trent to be fully implemented in Malta. If some parish priests were diligent in exercising their duty, others preferred to put their personal interests before those of their flock. For some, the gaining of money was their besetting sin with the result that running feuds were an inseparable part of most parishes.
Microfinance, Rural Women Entrepreneurs and Sustainable Development
Authors: Barman Bhajan Chandra
Published: January 2023

It is undeniable that the emergence of microfinance programme in India in the late 1990s led to a significant portion of rural poor women being able to link with banking services today. As SHG members, poor women now have access to bank deposits and loans. At present, more than 8 crore women are linked with microfinance institutions in India, and a total credit flow of Rs 17,342 crore has been generated within SHGs. Microfinance has a considerable role in encouraging women entrepreneurs to start small businesses in rural areas. In addition to farming and housework, rural poor women are now running small businesses. They work in a broad range of micro-enterprises, including baking, dairy farming, poultry farming, etc. Their contributions include an increase in family income, raising household savings, empowering women, reducing poverty, investing in children's health and education, housing, clean water, improved sanitation, creating new jobs, increasing GDP, and so on. In this way, women entrepreneurs have a great role in positive social change. Thus, the development of the country through rural poor women entrepreneurs is not just a temporary development, it is a sustainable development.
Entrepreneurship as a Catalyst in Creating Sustainable Livelihood of the Handicraft Artisans of India
Authors: Guha Sriparna , Mandal Anirban , Poddar Sandeep , Kujur Fedric
Published: January 2023

This research tries to investigate the effect of entrepreneurship on the sustainable livelihood of handicraft artisans. The study focuses on to check the relations between sustainable livelihood, entrepreneurship and employment by providing insight into rural crafts activities and evaluating the decision to engage in the craft business. In this study, several literatures have been reviewed which are based on sustainable livelihood and entrepreneurial activities. The uniqueness of the paper is that this study uses the concept of entrepreneurship as a method to find ways to support the livelihood of the artisans, offering an innovative understanding of a phenomenon that has the potential to make a real contribution to the lives of the artisans.
Experimental Determination of Physical Properties of aSun Dried Clay Bricks with Cement and Ashes
Authors: Hamza B  , Abubakar A.
Published: January 2023

The rising cost of cement and the problem of waste disposal with regard to coconut and rice husks lead to research on a clay brick with good physical properties that can replace cement brick and at the same time keep our environment clean. In line with this, bricks were moulded with clay, cement, rice husk ash, and coconut husk ash. The bricks were analyzed to determine their physical properties. In this study, a set of tables for mixing the proportion of raw material in grams with 33.3 cm3 of water, the table involved the addition of a certain additive to clay to improve the physical properties of adobe bricks developed. Five bricks were constructed for seventeen samples that give a total of 85 bricks which were tested in the laboratory for physical properties. The results shows that the bricks constructed with clay mixed with cement and coconut husk ash has the highest compressive strength of 4270.0 x 10-3 Nmm-2 and a modulus of rupture of 1750.0 x 10-2 Nmm2. The bricks constructed with clay, cement and ricehusk ash and bricks of clay mixed with cement and rice husk ash and coconut husk ash both are having the highest water absorption of 1000 cm3. This result indicated that the brick moulded with clay, cement and coconut husk ash is stronger for building thatcan stay for many years without collapsing. Also, it indicated that the bricks moulded with clay, and coconut husk ash were good for the low heat conduction in the houses. And also bricks constructed with clay, cement, rice husk ash and coconut husk ash has low weight and can be used for the construction of lightweight houses.