bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common Bile Duct Obstructed by Lipiodol After Transcater Arterial
Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Fulong , Xu Jing , Zhu Yuandong , Shi Yan , Chen Shurong , Jin Zhiwang , Jiang Yuhong , Wang Hai
Published: February 2023

Background:

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an effective treatment
for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the complications of TACE have gradually become a
concern of clinicians. Injury to the bile duct has been the focus of many scholars.

Case Presentation:

HCC was diagnosed in a 51-year-old female patient, and the first TACE was performed
on April 10, 2020. The second TACE was performed on October 18, 2021. After the second
TACE, The patient suffered from nausea, jaundice, and body itching. Computed tomography (CT) of the
abdomen showed that the lower common bile duct was obviously blocked by the solidified lipiodol accompanied
by dilatation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts on October 27, 2021. Endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancretography (ERCP) and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) were performed
on October 29, 2021. The deposition of lipiodol in the common bile duct was significantly reduced.

Conclusion:

After the transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma, we
should be on alert for damage to the bile duct, and pay attention to the deposition of lipiodol in the
common bile duct.
Aberrant Origin of the Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery from the Middle
Cerebral Artery Related to Obstruction of Bilateral Proximal Anterior
Cerebral Arteries: A Case Report
Authors: Kwak Hyo Sung , Chung Gyung Ho , Hwang Seungbae
Published: February 2023

Background:

Aberrant origin of the distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) arising from the
middle cerebral artery (MCA) is extremely rare.

Case Presentation:

A 74-year-old woman with a sudden onset of left-sided weakness was admitted to
the emergency department. Angiography revealed an unusual course of the distal ACA originating
from the MCA with bilateral obstruction of the proximal segment of the ACA and simultaneous occurrence
of infarction in the ACA and MCA territories.

Conclusion:

Knowledge of a rare vascular variation or anomaly could help understand brain imaging,
which has an unusual involvement of vascular territories, performed in patients with acute ischemic
stroke.
Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumors: A Case Series of Five Patients
with Parenchymal Forms and an Analysis of the Diagnostic Challenges,
Treatment Options and Outcomes
Authors: Demir Mustafa Kemal , Yapıcıer Ozlem , Kılıc Turker , Celik Serkan , Oven Bala Basak , Ozdamarlar Umut , Kundak Naz Ece , Kanan Duaa , Dincer Alp , Ertem Onder , Yakut Tahsin , Yılmaz Baran , Safi Sebnem
Published: February 2023

Background:

Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors (DL-GNT) are rare glioneuronal
neoplasms with oligodendroglioma-like cells. These tumors can present as a dominant intracranial
mass or as a solitary spinal cord mass without leptomeningeal involvement. In this study, we aimed to
determine the magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological features, treatment modalities, and
clinical outcomes of the parenchymal forms of DL-GNTs.

Methods:

This is a retrospective three-center case series study of 5 patients with a confirmed parenchymal
form of DLGTs, out of which 4 patients were adults. Brain and spinal cord MR imaging were
performed in all patients at either 1.5 or 3T. The patients' age ranged from 5 years to 50 years with a
mean age of 27.6 years at presentation.

Results:

Four of the tumors were located in the frontal lobe, and one in the tectum. They were usually
solid-cystic enhancing tumors as the other mixed neuronal-glial tumors. All of the tumors had an extension
to the superficial surface of a cerebral hemisphere. One had systemic bone metastases. The
clinical signs and symptoms of the parenchymal form varied based on the location of the mass, in contrast
to the leptomeningeal form associated with hydrocephalus. In one case, the tumor’s initial grade
was defined as intermediate. The initial histopathology of the two cases was low-grade and no upgrade
occurred in the follow-up period. In two cases, although the tumors were low grade initially, they
progressed to an anaplastic form in the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

The parenchymal form of DL-GNTs is common in adults. Extension to the superficial
surface of a cerebral hemisphere is a distinctive imaging feature. Systemic osseous metastasis may
occur. Due to the presence of common histopathological features, including the biphasic composition
of glial and neuronal cell elements and oligodendroglioma-like cells, a proposed classification approach
might be more beneficial for the histopathological and imaging description, and management of
the glioneuronal tumors with oligodendroglioma-like features.
Recent Advances in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Management: From Diagnosis
to Theranostics
Authors: Benzeid Rajaa , Gihbid Amina , Benchekroun Nadia , Tawfiq Nezha , Benider Abdellatif , Attaleb Mohammed , Filali Maltouf Abdelkarim , El Mzibri Mohammed , Khyatti Meriem , Chaoui Imane
Published: February 2023

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers.
NPC differs significantly from other cancers in its etiology, epidemiology, clinical behavior,
and treatment. Being highly radiosensitive, the standard treatment for NPC is radiotherapy.
However, radioresistance hampers the success of treatment and may cause local recurrence
and distant metastases in NPC patients. In this review, we discuss the updated protocols
for NPC diagnosis and treatment based on recent literature with an emphasis on the
mechanisms of radioresistance at the molecular level with a special focus on genetic and epigenetic
events, affecting genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification and DNA repair. We
also highlight the importance of some cellular and Epstein Barr viral miRNAs targeting
specific DNA repair factors and consequently promoting NPC radioresistance. These molecular
markers may serve as promising tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and radioresistance
prediction to guide theranostics of patients with NPC in the future.
Oxidative Chlorination: A Sustainable Alternative for the Preparation of
Chloroarenes
Authors: de Andrade Vitor S.C. , de Mattos Marcio C.S.
Published: February 2023

Chloroarenes are important from both academic and industrial points of view. They are useful
intermediates and building blocks in manufacturing a range of bulk and fine aromatic chemicals, dyes,
flame retardants in electronic boards, disinfectants, and pharmaceutical drugs. In addition, diverse agrochemicals, synthetic drugs, and natural products are chloroarenes. Although conventional chlorination of
arenes is a well-established transformation that has been studied in detail in many textbooks, current challenges
have driven scientists to design new strategies that can address the need for efficiency and sustainability. The
oxidative chlorination reaction proceeds via an oxidation step of the chloride ion to generate the active
electrophilic chlorenium species in situ. In these regards, the present review focused on the main
achievementsof the oxidative chlorination of arenes, with special focus on their generality and green aspects. Therefore, the use of different oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, iodine(III) reagents, enzymes)
and conditions of electrochemistry and photocatalysis are presented.
The Prevalence of Blood Borne Diseases in Blood Donors of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Mudassir , Shah Hafsa , ur Rahman Zia , Zaman Fakhar , Badshah Shahid
Published: February 2023

Background:

The goal of the study was to investigate the burden of transfusion- transmitted infections (TTIs) hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malarial parasite (MP) in ABO Blood Groups and Rh Type System among voluntarily blood donors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. It is a retrospective single center cross sectional study. This study was conducted from June 2020 to September 2021 (16 months) at the frontier foundation thalassemia center Peshawar KPK. Donors were physically healthy and fit for donation. Donors with physical disabilities and/or having co-morbid conditions were excluded from the report.

Methods:

All the samples were screened for anti-HIV, anti-HCV, HBsAg, Syphilis, and Malarial Parasite via ELISA kit and Immune Chromatographic Technique (ICT), respectively. A total of 6311 blood donations were evaluated. The majority of the donations (92%) were from (VNRBD) voluntary non-remunerated blood donation, while only 8% came from replacement donors.

Results:

Amongst 6311 blood donations, 1.50 % (n = 95) were infected at least with one pathogen, HBV positive cases were 0.855 % (n = 54), HCV positive cases were 0.316% (n = 20), syphilis positive were 0.30% (n = 19) and MP positive cases were only 0.031% (n = 2). HBV, HCV, syphilis and malaria infections rates were found to be low as compared to the previous data published, while no case was reported for HIV. The study also revealed the distribution pattern of the aforementioned pathogens in blood groups and the Rh type system of the reactive samples.

Conclusion:

The lower reported in our study indicates the awareness among the people of Peshawar about TTIs and their precautions. The prevalence rate that we are reporting is less than previously published articles in the same domain.
Dementia in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sitorus Lena Sovi E , Diniari Ni Ketut Sri , Kuswardhani R A Tuty
Published: February 2023

The role of diabetes mellitus in neurodegeneration has been confirmed by neuroimaging and neuropathological studies. Apart from causing schizophrenia, chronic exposure to hyperglycemia may worsen cognitive function and cause significant cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and dementia. An 81-year-old woman was consulted to the Psychiatry department with fatigue and forgetfulness. She was found unconscious in her room. In the emergency room, her blood glucose level was 30 mg/dl with type 2 diabetes since 2012. She was able to pronounce her name correctly but forgot her age, said that she was in her home, the examinations were in the morning, and the name of her ex-employee who accompanied her and said that she already had breakfast, could repeat the names of 3 objects given. She  was asked to repeat in 1 minute  can only say 1 name of the object correctly, cannot count the subtraction several times. The patient correctly pronounced the name of the object shown to her, but cannot fold paper, write sentences, or draw. Psychiatrist give her Avram 1x5 mg and Aricept 1x5 mg also provided assistance, family education, and reminiscence therapy, and she had 8 units of Novorapid injection subcutaneously after a meal from the geriatrist.
ANALYSIS OF HYPERTENSION RISK FACTOR IN THE COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDY IN THE COMMUNITY OF BATURETNO VILLAGE, DAMPIT DISTRICT, MALANG REGENCY
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Candini Naura Anindya , Indrianto Yunita Lestari , Iqromi Deden Ahmad , Simanulang Azzura Jasmine , Pratama Gusti Rajendra Yoga , Ratri Devita Rahmani , Rahmah Shofi Nur
Published: February 2023

Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases which has been identified as the main cause of premature death in the world. In 2020, the number of people with hypertension in Malang Regency reached 704,698 people, making Malang Regency the third-highest hypertension rate regency in Java. In Dampit District, the prevalence of hypertension was 3.31% with 1,019 residents were diagnosed with this disease. Better management of hypertension is needed, considering the high morbidity and mortality caused by the disease. This study aimed at determining the main gap in knowledge, attitude, and practice about hypertension; as well as investigating the effect of health promotion on knowledge about hypertension of the residents of Baturetno Village, Dampit District, Malang Regency. We employed a pre-experimental one-group pretest post-test design. The study was conducted on 11-18 January 2022, involving 50-82 samples who were selected through consecutive sampling. This study consisted of 2 stages. The first stage used the questionnaire to identify the gap in the knowledge, attitude, and practice about hypertension. The result was then analyzed using Chi-Square, then the main problem was selected using the Nominal Group Technique. In the second stage, we developed a health promotion to address issues selected in the first stage. Wilcoxon was used to analyzing the impact of the promotion on respondents’ knowledge. We found that the main risk factor for hypertension in Baturetno Village was the low level of knowledge regarding the use of hypertension drugs. We found a significant increase in the level of knowledge after health promotion was delivered through roleplay and simulation.
Фотостабильность люминесценции углеродных наноточек, синтезированных плазменным методом из раствора глюкозы, под воздействием УФ-излучения
Authors: Тютрин А.А. , Ракевич А.Л. , Мартынович Е.Ф.
Published: February 2023

Carbon nanodots (CNTs) were synthesized by the microplasma method using a glucose solution as a precursor. The photoluminescence of CNTs before and after UV irradiation was studied. The spectral and kinetic properties of the synthesized CNTs were studied using a MicroTime 200 confocal scanning luminescence microscope. It was experimentally demonstrated that the short component (τ1) of luminescence refers to C=O bonds on the CNT surface. A significant decrease in the luminescence intensity of CNT’s after UV irradiation due to a decrease in oxygen-containing groups on the surface of carbon dots was found.
Формирование интерметаллического покрытия Ni-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-Al холодным газодинамическим напылением механически обработанной в планетарной мельнице порошковой смеси Ni-Al
Authors: Чесноков А.Е. , Смирнов А.В. , Дроздов В.О. , Скороход К.А.
Published: February 2023

The features of the formation of an intermetallic Ni3Al coating by cold spraying of a Ni–Al powder mixture mechanically treatment in a planetary mill and prepared in a V-shaped mixer are presented. It is shown that the powder deposition efficiency is 1.5 times higher when coatings are obtained from a mechanically treated powder mixture of Ni and Al components. Subsequent high-temperature treatment in the furnace chamber creates a condition for the formation of an intermetallic compound of the Ni-Al system of various stoichiometric proportions.
Исследование квантовых ям InP/GaP, полученных методом газофазной эпитаксии
Authors: Баранов А.И. , Уваров А.В. , Максимова А.А. , Вячеславова Е.А. , Калюжный Н.А. , Минтаиров С.А. , Салий Р.А. , Яковлев Г.Е. , Зубков В.И. , Гудовских А.С.
Published: February 2023

We consider structure with single quantum well InP 5 nm thick grown by vapor phase epitaxy on n-GaP wafer. By classical capacitance-voltage profiling of Schottky diode on sample and electrochemical profiling, electron accumulation were detected in InP layer so existence of quantum well is confirmed. Results of admittance spectroscopy and deep-level transient spectroscopy showed defect formation in GaP layers above InP with energy position of Ec-0.21 eV, 0.30 eV и 0.93 eV.
Оптический магнитометрический датчик для магнитоэнцефалографического комплекса
Authors: Вершовский А.К. , Петренко М.В.
Published: February 2023

A new implementation of the method of optical pumping of alkaline atoms in the scheme of a highly sensitive compact single-beam sensor of a nonzero magnetic field is proposed, which allows it to be used as part of a magnetoencephalographic complex with a remote laser pumping source. The proposed method makes it possible, in particular, to pump an array of sensors with a single source of polarization-modulated resonant radiation connected to sensors by means of polarization-supporting optical fibers. A model experiment has been carried out confirming the principle feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
A Review of the Effects of Anthropogenic Activities during the Pandemic Lockdown Period Timeline on Water Quality
Authors: Shahrir Aini Hidayati , Hayder Gasim
Published: February 2023

The pandemic has shown its effect on the world regarding health, economy, society, and environment. Whether it is a negative or positive impact, the period of this pandemic has a vast open platform for further studies. This review focused on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on water quality. It is hypothesized that due to the reduced amount of anthropogenic activity due to the global lockdown, the water quality of water resources increased and rejuvenated. This review showed the study period, methods and parameters used by past researchers in this area. The research methods in this review have proven to be reliable in producing coherent results. The data presented showed a dependable indicator for the pollution and water quality standard whether it is based on the country’s standard or World Health Organization (WHO). The review focused on 23 articles from China, India, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, and Turkey. Findings from this review showed that the trend between the lockdown period and water quality is not rigid and may be affected by how the area is managed throughout the period. Moreover, this review gives definite suggestions for future studies and highlights the need for actions taken by policymakers.
Zn(OCOCH3)2·2H2O Catalysed Efficient Preparation of 2-Phenyl-4-Arylmethylidene-5-Oxazolinones under Ultrasonic Condition
Authors: Azzam Sadeq Hamood Saleh , Khanum Amreen , Pasha Mohamed Afzal
Published: February 2023

2-Phenyl-4-arylmethylidene-5-oxazolinones were synthesized in very high yield by subjecting a mixture of an aryl aldehyde/heterocyclic aldehyde/cinnamaldehyde and hippuric acid in anhydrous acetic anhydride and catalytic Zn(OCOCH3)2·2H2O to ultrasonication at 35 KHz for 4 to 8 min. This method has many advantages: use of a green catalyst; yields are high, involves easy workup procedure, is energy efficient and economically feasible.
Exoskeletons in the Digital Era: A Way to Improve the Level of Physical Activity Among Older Citizens
Authors: Madeleine Pascal , Christensen Daniel J R , Franch Jesper , Svendsen Lone , Hansen Ernst A , Hostrup Hanne , Pirscoveanu Cristina-Ioana
Published: February 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the level of physical activity among older citizens.

Objective

The aim of this short paper is to set focus on the potential benefits of assistive walking devices for older citizens.

Methods

In this feasibility study, 24 older citizens aged >65 years participated in the study. The participants answered to the following questionnaires after fulfilling a consent form: Tilburg Frailty Indicator, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Quality of Life. Then, physiological and biomechanical assessments were made in a laboratory setting with and without wearing an exoskeleton (aLQ, IMASEN Electrical Industrial Co). The aLQ is a passive-assistive lower-limb walking exoskeleton activated by a cam spring system designed to improve gait. After the tests, the participants were asked to answer the following questions: “Do you feel the exoskeleton is helping you to walk?” and “What is your opinion on the device?”.

Results

The participants were community-dwelling older individuals, aged 72.6 (SD 4.5) years, and were characterized by an overall high level of physical activity of 3069 (SD 2847) metabolic equivalent–minutes per week. Their Tilburg Frailty Indicator indicated an overall frailty score of 3.5 (SD 2.5). The participants reported a Quality of Life score of 6.7 (SD 1.6) and an overall health score of 76.4 (SD 17.1). Moreover, of the 24 participants, 7 (29%) reported that carrying the tested exoskeleton did not induce any noticeable changes, and 3 (10%) reported that they walked better with the device than without.

Conclusions

These findings are of importance in our current digital era where the COVID-19 pandemic forced municipalities and hospitals to cancel or postpone the training and rehabilitation of older citizens, resulting in a degradation of the level of physical activity and health in general. The use of assistive walking devices can be a way to improve or maintain their level of physical activity. Future studies using a prospective design should confirm that.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.
Implementation Challenges for Danish Hospitals in Digital Transformation
Authors: Kidholm Kristian
Published: February 2023

Background

Increased digitalization of hospitals is a goal for national and regional health strategies. Since 2019, it has been an explicit goal to increase the use of virtual consultation with hospital patients. Two years after the start of the pandemic, virtual consultation for hospital patients has increased. At Odense University Hospital (OUH), we have seen a 30% and 337% increase in the annual number of telephone and video consultations with patients, respectively. However, the annual number of video consultations is still below 1% of the total number of outpatient visits.

Objective

This presentation describes challenges that may explain the slow implementation of telemedicine at OUH and how these challenges are handled in practice.

Methods

The description is based on 12 meetings with hospital managers and staff at OUH. Analysis of the content of the meetings has been condensed into the major themes specified in the results.

Results

Three main challenges have been found: (1) uncertainty regarding the quality of telemedicine interventions, (2) uncertainty regarding the technical and communicative skills needed to do video consultation, and (3) misunderstandings regarding the economic consequences of telemedicine. To address the uncertainty among our staff toward the clinical quality of telemedicine, a database including randomized trials of telemedicine interventions described in the PubMed database from 2010-2022 was produced. The database shows that more than 96% of interventions results in similar or improved clinical outcomes for selected patient groups. To ensure the skills needed by the hospital staff to do video consultation, we have offered courses in the technical and communicative aspects of video consultation to interested departments. Finally, some members of our staff believe that reducing the number of physical visits may reduce the hospital budget, which is contrary to the actual financial agreements with capitation payment. To address this misunderstanding, information about the true economic consequences of implementing telemedicine has been provided.

Conclusions

Successful implementation of telemedicine requires more than solid evidence; it also requires initiatives focusing on the challenges among the hospital staff.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.
Promoting Healthy Aging in a Digital World
Authors: Young Heather M , Nesbitt Thomas S
Published: February 2023

Background

The aging of the population is a global phenomenon, with growing numbers of persons over the age of 65 years, greater diversity of aging societies, and fewer younger people available to provide care and support for older adults. At the same time, enabling technology offers new solutions for aging well, including self-management of chronic conditions, communication with family and the health care team, passive monitoring, and enriching the home and community environments.

Objective

This keynote address highlights the demand characteristics for healthy aging and identifies potential solutions and challenges with enabling technology.

Methods

This presentation is based on literature review and engagement with diverse scientific collaborators.

Results

Major societal trends include the following: the growth of the older population with associated increases in the prevalence of chronic conditions and functional and cognitive disability; increased demand for both health and social services; increased demands on family caregivers at a time when there are fewer caregivers available; explosion of health information and desire to self-manage chronic conditions while remaining at home; widespread workforce shortages; and escalating costs of care. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the urgency of these demands and exacerbated health needs and workforce shortages while accelerating systematic change to address emergent challenges. New solutions are required to promote health, well-being, and health equity that entail both care model redesign and deployment of enabling technology. Optimal care for the future will place the older adult at the center; assure that information is available to all for good decision-making; and deploy human resources in the most effective way possible, providing the right person at the right time for the right task.

Conclusions

Technology has the potential to collect and make meaningful use of everyday data to inform plans for care; engage and optimize communication among the older adult, family, and care team; and enhance function and well-being. Actualizing this future requires appropriate policy, training, and leadership.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion of Dermatology Journals and Their Editorial Board Members
Authors: Kiene Julianne , Minion Sarah , Rodriguez Ramiro , Dellavalle Robert
Published: February 2023

Dermatology as a whole suffers from minority underrepresentation. We conducted a search of the top 60 dermatology journals for mention of their approach to increasing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) within their publication through editorial board members or peer-review processes. Of those 60, only 5 had DEI statements or editorial board members dedicated to increasing DEI. There are publications with checklists and frameworks for increasing DEI within the literature. We propose that more journals implement these resources within their peer-review process to increase diversity within their publication.
UTERINE LEIOMYOSARCOMA - A CASE REPORT
Authors: T HEERA SHENOY , SHIVAKUMAR  , KAILASH NISHI , ANTONY V ABHILASH , HASHIM BH HIBA , VALIYAKATH FATHIMA , A KHADER RESLIN
Published: February 2023

Leiomyomas are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms. Smooth muscle cells with variable amounts of fibrous stroma make up these benign tumors. The tumor occurs most frequently in uterus in 20–30% of women of reproductive age. Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS/LMS) is a rare cancer originating from smooth muscle lining the walls of the uterus. We report a case of postmenopausal women of 65 years presented with retention urine, diagnosed as LMS of uterus on histopathology.
EXPLORATION OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTION OF BILIRUBIN IN ISOPRENALINE-INDUCED ISCHEMIA MODEL OF MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Authors: BAREJIA ASIF , CR ACHARYA , SHAH AASHAL , PATEL ANKIT , NAVADIYA VIPUL
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Ischemic heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Bilirubin, an endogenous product of heme catabolism, has remarkable antioxidant properties. This study was planned with an aim to evaluate cardioprotective potential of bilirubin in isoprenaline (ISO)- induced rat myocardial ischemia model.
Methods: In this study, a total of 24 adult male Wistar albino rats (200–250 g) were divided into four groups of six rats each. Groups I, III, and IV, respectively, received distilled water (10 mL/kg bw), bilirubin (40 mg/kg bw), and bilirubin (60 mg/kg bw) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 21 days. Along with that, Groups III and IV received ISO (85 mg/kg bw) subcutaneously (s.c.) on 20th and 21st day. Group II received ISO (85 mg/kg bwi. p.) on 20th and 21st day. After 24 h of ISO administration, rats were sacrificed and biochemical and histopathological parameters were assessed. These parameters were evaluated: Cardiac biomarkers-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK-MB) and antioxidant-glutathione reductase (GR). Isolated heart specimens were processed for light microscopy.
Results: Administration of bilirubin in Groups III and IV significantly prevented ISO-induced elevation of CK-MB and LDH levels as compared to Group II. Furthermore, there is a significant increase in the levels of GR in Groups III and IV compared to Group II. These changes were significantly higher in Group IV (high dose) compared to Group III (low dose). Light microscopic findings of the myocardium in bilirubin-treated group revealed a well preserved normal morphology of cardiac muscle with minimal evidence of myocardial injury as compared to ISO-treated hearts.
Conclusion: Pre-administration with bilirubin is protective against ISO-induced myocardial infarction. This beneficial effect is most likely due to its antioxidant property. This study may trigger interest toward the use of bilirubin as a cardioprotective agent in myocardial infarction.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN VISAKHAPATNAM ON DELAYED CRY AT BIRTH: AN IMPORTANT PREDICTOR OF FUTURE NEURO DEVELOPMENTAL PROBLEM-ASSOCIATED FACTORS
Authors: RAO TATAVARTI SRINIVASA , RAO SIDDANATHI NARASINGA , SUBBALAKSHMI TELIDEVARA DURGA POORNA
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of non-progressive neurological disorders caused by an injury to the area of the brain that controls muscle movement and posture. Physical and cognitive signs and symptoms that indicate CP vary widely, depending on which parts of the brain are affected, severity of the disease, and the age of the baby or child when symptoms first appear and one such symptom is delay in crying at birth.
Methods: Data collected from the mothers of 177 children of CP children with history of delayed cry at birth, admitted or attended to Rani Chandramani Devi Government Hospital, Visakhapatnam from the period of 2014–2020.
Results: The data collected retrospectively from the mothers of 177 CP children with history of delayed cry at birth were analyzed. Among them, 114 were male and 63 were female. Considering the age of the mother at the time of conception in the mothers of 177 CP children with delayed cry at birth, it was found that, more number of cases were reported in the maternal age between 19 and 30 years 106 (60%). The age of the mother at the time of conception, extremes of mother age both below 18 years and above 30 years, poses risk both to the mother and the fetus. In the present study, it was found to be 40%. Mothers with anemia were reported to be high 32.2% and act as a most prevalent antenatal factor of CP cases. By performing a student “t” test between the CP cases with associated factors and CP cases without associated factors, the results were highly significant p<0.001.
Conclusion: Delayed cry at birth should be taken as an early hint that the child might develop neurodevelopmental problems in the future. This should alert the parents and the family physicians and should be attended with appropriate consultation of a team of doctors to address any deviations observed at an early age for a better outcome.
BACTERIOGICAL PROFILE OF CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN BANGALORE
Authors: N SHRUTHI , KUMAR M RAVISH , KT RAMESHA
Published: February 2023

Objective: Intensive care units (ICUs) are considered as the epicentre of infections due to its vulnerable conditions for development, amplification, and dissemination of drug-resistant microorganisms. Furthermore, the use of inappropriate or incorrect antibiotics is also closely related to development and spread of drug-resistant microorganisms. Hence, the present study was conducted in a private hospital in South Bangalore, to evaluate the spectrum of micro organisms isolated from clinical samples of patients admitted in ICU and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.
Methods: This observational study was conducted on critically ill patients admitted in medical ICUs of private hospital in south Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The study was designed to include all patients with age 18 years or older, admitted for more than 48 h in medical ICUs of the hospital and having at least two of the clinical signs of SIRS. Depending on the clinical suspicion, clinical samples such as pus, blood, urine, body fluids, respiratory specimen were collected. The samples collected were first subjected to gram staining and then were inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates taking proper aseptic precautions. Antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of respective organisms were studied on Mueller Hinton agar media by Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion method.
Results: A total of 665 clinical samples were received in the microbiology laboratory out of which 60% samples showed significant microbial growth. The most predominant isolates were Gram-negative organisms 72.68% and Gram-positive isolates were seen in 27.3%. Sample-wise distribution of positive culture was done. Pus 33%, respiratory specimen 26%, urine 20%, blood 15%, and body fluids 6%. Majority of Gram-negative isolates were susceptible to amikacin, followed by piperacillin/tazobactum, cefeperazone/salbactum and imipenem and high resistance rates to ampicillin, amoxy clav was noted. Most of the Staphylococcus aureus were sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin, followed by amikacin, pipercillin/tazobactum, and cefeperazone/salbactum.
Conclusion: The present study showed the high prevalence of aerobic bacteria in clinical samples of critically ill patients in ICUs. The study identified both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms to be responsible for causing blood stream infections. There should be continuous surveillance of data of clinical isolates along with their sensitivity pattern with routine surveillance for baseline resistance, stringent hospital infection policy, and their implementation in the hospital is the need of the hour to stop or reduce drug resistance.
COCHLEAR SYNAPTIC TINNITUS – CAN IT BE CURED
Authors: SOWMYA RAMARAPPU , MAHESH DASARI
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the tinnitus demography, etiology, treatment options, and their response in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.
Methods: The study was conducted on patients above 21 and below 80 years who presented with tinnitus and hearing loss to ENT outpatient department (OPD) of Dr. Patnam Mahender Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences (PMRIMS), Chevella from May 2019 to February 2020. To identify the cause of tinnitus, the following investigations were considered: Pure-tone audiogram; tympanometry; blood investigations, color Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate blood flow disturbance in the vertebral and basilar artery, middle/inner ear high-resolution computerized tomography scan (CT), and, in the case of suspicion of vestibular Schwannoma or neurovascular conflict, magnetic resonance imaging/angio-CT (MRI/Angio-CT) was done.
Results: Among the patients attending ENT OPD with tinnitus, those with idiopathic cochlear synaptic tinnitus were identified, and 100 were selected and treated with various modalities of pharmacological treatment available for the same found that no specific drug was 100% effective in relieving the symptom.
Conclusion: The present study treated tinnitus of cochlear origin with various drugs and followed up with patients for 3 months. They were assessed with tinnitus sample case history questionnaire, and the study concluded that no pharmacological treatment effectively treats cochlear synaptic tinnitus.
CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN BHUJ, KUTCH: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: JILADIA ASHOKKUMAR G , PATEL HARDIK MAHESHBHAI , SONI HET YOGESH , NAYAK CHINTAN
Published: February 2023

Objective: The current research was performed to know the outcome of conservative treatment in acute appendicitis using antibiotic therapy.
Methods: The present and prospective research performed at Department of Surgery, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch for a duration of 2 years. All subjects diagnosed as acute appendicitis radiologically were enrolled into the research considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Modified Alvarado score (MAS) was calculated based on clinical symptoms, signs, and laboratory investigations. Injection ceftriaxone and injection metronidazole were given for 48–72 h. Subjects who responded for i.v. antibiotics were switched to tablet ciprofloxacin and tablet metronidazole for 7 days and followed for 6 months. Subjects who did not respond to conservative treatment or had recurrence were classified as treatment failure/recurrence.
Results: In the present research, total of 300 subjects were incorporated that comprise of 140 males and 160 females. Tenderness in the right inguinal fossa was observed in all the Subjects. MAS were in between 4 and 6 in 84 subjects and were 7–9 in 216 subjects with an average of 7.30. Thirty-six subjects had complicated acute appendicitis and 264 had uncomplicated acute appendicitis.
Conclusion: In general, achievement rate of conservative management according to the present research was 82%. On the other hand, there were 12% failures and 6% recurrences in the current research. One of the major future goals will be to recover diagnosis of appendicitis, particularly the diagnostic capability to distinguish among the various forms of appendicitis.
CLINICAL PROFILE AND SPIROMETRIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS HAVING OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: SAIFUDDIN MOHAMMED , DUBEY PARIKSHIT KUMAR
Published: February 2023

Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) To study the clinical profile of patients with OSA. (2) To assess the prevalence of spirometric abnormalities in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Methods: This was a prospective study in which 50 patients with OSA were included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants. Demographic data such as age, gender, weight, height, and BMI were recorded. Severity of OSA was diagnosed on the basis of Apnea-Hypoapnea index. Presenting complaints were analyzed. Spirometry was done in all the cases and disease pattern such as obstructive or restrictive was determined. SSPS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: Among the 50 studied cases, there were 36 (72 %) males and 14 (28.00%) females with a M: F ratio of 1: 0.38. The mean age of the studied cases was found to be 50.04±13.58 years. majority of the patients presenting with obstructive sleep apnea were either obese (64.00%) or overweight (26.00%). OSA was found to be mild, moderate, and severe in 27 (54.00 %), 18 (36.00%), and 5 (10.00 %) patients, respectively. snoring (100%) followed by disturbed sleep or difficulty falling asleep 32 (64%) were most common presenting complaints. Overall abnormal spirometry findings were seen in 35 (70%) patients.
Conclusion: Snoring and sleep disturbance are the common presenting complaints in patients with OSA. A significant number of patients with OSA are found to have spirometric abnormalities.
EVALUATION OF SERUM ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND ANTIOXIDANT LEVELS IN CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS AND HEALTHY CONTROL – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: KAUR JASPREET , MITTAL MRIDULA , GUPTA VISHAL , KAUR JASWANT
Published: February 2023

Objective: Several studies indicate the existence of an abnormal balance between the oxidative and protective mechanisms in patients can be a causative factor for cerebrovascular disease. High plasma levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) contribute to the development of vascular diseases. Serum ACE and antioxidant levels were determined in cerebrovascular disorders (CVD) and compared between CVD and healthy person.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 cases of stroke and 10 cases of transient ischemic attack (TIA) with 60 controls matched for age and sex. Fasting blood samples were estimated for serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, serum lipid profile, MDA, SOD, and serum Vitamin E). ACE was estimated by spectrophotometry. The levels of ACE were correlated with the severity and outcome of the stroke.
Results: The level of serum ACE was significantly higher in stroke (27.50±1.14U/L) and TIA (31.60±2.02 U/L) as compared to controls (22.61±0.79 U/L). Fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and MDA were significantly increased whereas a significant decrease was observed in serum HDL, erythrocyte SOD, and Vitamin E levels in cerebrovascular disease patients as compared to the control group. Statistical p<0.05 was considered significant.
Conclusion: Oxidative stress is a potential contributor to acute ischemic stroke and TIA besides deranged lipid profile. The oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may contribute to the severity of stroke. The levels of serum ACE increase significantly in stroke and TIA patients and are associated with increased severity and worse outcome of cerebrovascular diseases.
ROLE OF SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON ANTIOXIDANT CHANGES IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS AFTER CHRONIC RESTRAINT STRESS
Authors: S QAIRUNNISA , G PURUSHOTHAMAN , P MOHANAPRIYA , KUMBAKONAM NAGARAJAN POORNIMA
Published: February 2023

Objective: Stress is a non-specific response of the body to any physical or physiological demand. Oxidative stress may occur due to imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Restraint stress or immobilization has been used extensively as a stressor for the study of stress-related biological, biochemical, and physiological responses in animals. Nutritional treatment by exogenous supplementation of antioxidants like selenium reactivates which guard against the insult caused ROS during the repeated restraint stress. The objective of the study is to determine the role of selenium on antioxidant changes in Wistar albino rats after chronic restraint stress.
Methods: Adult male Wistar albino rats weighing about 180–200 g were taken for the study and were divided into three groups – the control group (n=6) chronic restraint stress group (n=6) and chronic stress treated with selenium (n=6). Restraint stress was given in wire mesh restrainers for 30 days (6 h/day), and the blood from the jugular vein was collected for estimation of antioxidant status (Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, CAT, Vit C, and Vit E) in rats.
Results: One-way analysis of variance statistical test was used to analyses the mean and SD among the groups. The rats pre-treated with selenium (p<0.001) showed a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation. In chronic restraint stress, albino rats administered with Selenium showed a significant increase (p<0.001) in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity when compared to controls.
Conclusion: The effect of the Selenium acts as a antidote to counteract the effects of restraint stress and has significant therapeutic application in counter acting oxidative damage on Wistar albino rats.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE STORED WHOLE BLOOD ASSESSED AT PERIODIC INTERVALS IN CPDA-1 ANTICOAGULANT CONTAINING BLOOD BAGS: A STUDY AT THE BLOOD BANK OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTHERN RAJASTHAN
Authors: REWAL DIKSHA , SHARMA RAJARAM , LODHA SAMBHAV , PRAKASH SANJAY
Published: February 2023

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the various biochemical changes occurring in a stored whole blood unit at day 0, day 17th, and the 35th day in full blood bag containing citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 anticoagulant.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study had been carried out among 110 healthy volunteer donors in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, between August 2019 and July 2020. A 10 mL blood sample from each bag containing anti-coagulated blood being collected, and the level of sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein, and albumin were measured on days 0, 17th, and the 35th. Mean and standard deviation had been calculated for the parameters, a one-way analysis of variance test was applied to compare the differences, and a p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A higher proportion of males in the age group 18–27 years, and a generally steady increase in serum potassium level with a steady decrease in serum sodium, chloride, total protein, and albumin levels over the 35-day storage period.
Conclusions: In this study, stored whole blood undergoing changes in its biochemical parameters had been studied and found to be significant. The study also recommends transfusion of fresh blood for high-risk patients.
HAEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES TO TRACHEAL EXTUBATION OR LARYNGEAL MASK AIRWAY REMOVAL IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SHORT SURGICAL PROCEDURES: A COMPARATIVE AND CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: PHAPHAGIRE NIKITA BHAGWAT , UBALE PRAVIN , B SYED ANESA
Published: February 2023

Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the hemodynamic responses after endotracheal tube (ET) extubation and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) removal in American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) I and ASA II patients undergoing short surgical procedures.
Methods: This was a randomized, comparative, observational, and clinical study conducted in a tertiary care medical college. The duration of study was 1 year. Hundred patients of ASA Grade I and II with age between 18 and 60 years, including both males and females posted for short surgeries under general anesthesia were selected for the study. Patients were divided into two groups (Depending on whether endotracheal intubation was done or LMA was used) of 50 patients each. Hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], mean arterial pressure [MAP], and heart rate [HR]) were recorded and compared before induction, during surgery and postoperatively at 1, 2, 5, and 10 min between both the groups.
Results: There was no significant difference between these two groups regarding the demographic aspect of the patients such as age and gender. Furthermore, the parameters such as ASA grade and duration of surgery were comparable. The baseline hemodynamic parameters between the two groups were also similar and no significant difference was observed. The changes in hemodynamics (mean HR, SBP, DBP, and MAP) were more in Group E as compared to Group L and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Similarly respiratory events were more profound in Group E as compared to Group L and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: LMA is a better choice for short surgical procedures as it provides more hemodynamic stability during removal as compared to ET extubation. LMA is also associated with less complications as compared to ET.