bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing nudges to promote utilization of low tidal volume ventilation (INPUT): a stepped-wedge, hybrid type III trial of strategies to improve evidence-based mechanical ventilation management
Authors: Kerlin Meeta Prasad , Small Dylan , Fuchs Barry D. , Mikkelsen Mark E. , Wang Wei , Tran Teresa , Scott Stefania , Belk Aerielle , Silvestri Jasmine A. , Klaiman Tamar , Halpern Scott D. , Beidas Rinad S.
Published: August 2021

Background

Behavioral economic insights have yielded strategies to overcome implementation barriers. For example, default strategies and accountable justification strategies have improved adherence to best practices in clinical settings. Embedding such strategies in the electronic health record (EHR) holds promise for simple and scalable approaches to facilitating implementation. A proven-effective but under-utilized treatment for patients who undergo mechanical ventilation involves prescribing low tidal volumes, which protects the lungs from injury. We will evaluate EHR-based implementation strategies grounded in behavioral economic theory to improve evidence-based management of mechanical ventilation.

Methods

The Implementing Nudges to Promote Utilization of low Tidal volume ventilation (INPUT) study is a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, hybrid type III effectiveness implementation trial of three strategies to improve adherence to low tidal volume ventilation. The strategies target clinicians who enter electronic orders and respiratory therapists who manage the mechanical ventilator, two key stakeholder groups. INPUT has five study arms: usual care, a default strategy within the mechanical ventilation order, an accountable justification strategy within the mechanical ventilation order, and each of the order strategies combined with an accountable justification strategy within flowsheet documentation. We will create six matched pairs of twelve intensive care units (ICUs) in five hospitals in one large health system to balance patient volume and baseline adherence to low tidal volume ventilation. We will randomly assign ICUs within each matched pair to one of the order panels, and each pair to one of six wedges, which will determine date of adoption of the order panel strategy. All ICUs will adopt the flowsheet documentation strategy 6 months afterwards. The primary outcome will be fidelity to low tidal volume ventilation. The secondary effectiveness outcomes will include in-hospital mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay, and occurrence of potential adverse events.

Discussion

This stepped-wedge, hybrid type III trial will provide evidence regarding the role of EHR-based behavioral economic strategies to improve adherence to evidence-based practices among patients who undergo mechanical ventilation in ICUs, thereby advancing the field of implementation science, as well as testing the effectiveness of low tidal volume ventilation among broad patient populations.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04663802. Registered 11 December 2020.
Machine learning model for early prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric critical care
Authors: Dong Junzi , Feng Ting , Thapa-Chhetry Binod , Cho Byung Gu , Shum Tunu , Inwald David P. , Newth Christopher J. L. , Vaidya Vinay U.
Published: August 2021

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric critical care patients is diagnosed using elevated serum creatinine, which occurs only after kidney impairment. There are no treatments other than supportive care for AKI once it has developed, so it is important to identify patients at risk to prevent injury. This study develops a machine learning model to learn pre-disease patterns of physiological measurements and predict pediatric AKI up to 48 h earlier than the currently established diagnostic guidelines.

Methods

EHR data from 16,863 pediatric critical care patients between 1 month to 21 years of age from three independent institutions were used to develop a single machine learning model for early prediction of creatinine-based AKI using intelligently engineered predictors, such as creatinine rate of change, to automatically assess real-time AKI risk. The primary outcome is prediction of moderate to severe AKI (Stage 2/3), and secondary outcomes are prediction of any AKI (Stage 1/2/3) and requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Predictions generate alerts allowing fast assessment and reduction of AKI risk, such as: “patient has 90% risk of developing AKI in the next 48 h” along with contextual information and suggested response such as “patient on aminoglycosides, suggest check level and review dose and indication”.

Results

The model was successful in predicting Stage 2/3 AKI prior to detection by conventional criteria with a median lead-time of 30 h at AUROC of 0.89. The model predicted 70% of subsequent RRT episodes, 58% of Stage 2/3 episodes, and 41% of any AKI episodes. The ratio of false to true alerts of any AKI episodes was approximately one-to-one (PPV 47%). Among patients predicted, 79% received potentially nephrotoxic medication after being identified by the model but before development of AKI.

Conclusions

As the first multi-center validated AKI prediction model for all pediatric critical care patients, the machine learning model described in this study accurately predicts moderate to severe AKI up to 48 h in advance of AKI onset. The model may improve outcome of pediatric AKI by providing early alerting and actionable feedback, potentially preventing or reducing AKI by implementing early measures such as medication adjustment.
First hemispheric report of invasive tick species Haemaphysalis punctata, first state report of Haemaphysalis longicornis, and range expansion of native tick species in Rhode Island, USA
Authors: Tufts Danielle M. , Diuk-Wasser Maria A.
Published: August 2021

Background

Invasive arthropod vectors and the range expansions of native vectors can lead to public and veterinary health concerns, as these vectors may introduce novel pathogens or spread endemic pathogens to new locations. Recent tick invasions and range expansion in the USA has been attributed to climate and land use change, an increase in global travel, and importations of exotic animals.

Methods

A 10-year surveillance study was conducted on Block Island, Rhode Island, from 2010 to 2020 including sampling ticks from small mammal and avian hosts.

Results

We report the discovery and establishment of the red sheep tick (Haemaphysalis punctata) for the first time in the western hemisphere and in the US. This invasive species was first collected in 2010 on Block Island, was collected continuously throughout the study, and was collected from an avian host. We document the first report of the invasive Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) in the state of Rhode Island, first observed at our sites in 2018. Finally, we present data on the range expansion and establishment of two native tick species, the lone star tick and the rabbit tick, on Block Island.

Conclusion

This study emphasized the importance of long-term surveillance to detect changes in tick host communities, including invasive and expanding native vectors of potential significance to humans and wildlife.

Graphical abstract
Microbiome diversity declines while distinct expansions of Th17, iNKT, and dendritic cell subpopulations emerge after anastomosis surgery
Authors: Vomhof-DeKrey Emilie E. , Stover Allie , Basson Marc D.
Published: August 2021

Background

Anastomotic failure causes morbidity and mortality even in technically correct anastomoses. Initial leaks must be prevented by mucosal reapproximation across the anastomosis. Healing is a concerted effort between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), immune cells, and commensal bacteria. IEC TLR4 activation and signaling is required for mucosal healing, leading to inflammatory factor release that recruits immune cells to limit bacteria invasion. TLR4 absence leads to mucosal damage from loss in epithelial proliferation, attenuated inflammatory response, and bacteria translocation. We hypothesize after anastomosis, an imbalance in microbiota will occur due to a decrease in TLR4 expression and will lead to changes in the immune milieu.

Results

We isolated fecal content and small intestinal leukocytes from murine, Roux-en-Y and end-to-end anastomoses, to identify microbiome changes and subsequent alterations in the regulatory and pro-inflammatory immune cells 3 days post-operative. TLR4+ IECs were impaired after anastomosis. Microbiome diversity was reduced, with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Saccharibacteria decreased and Proteobacteria increased. A distinct TCRβhi CD4+ T cells subset after anastomosis was 10–20-fold greater than in control mice. 84% were Th17 IL-17A/F+ IL-22+ and/or TNFα+. iNKT cells were increased and TCRβhi. 75% were iNKT IL-10+ and 13% iNKTh17 IL-22+. Additionally, Treg IL-10+ and IL-22+ cells were increased. A novel dendritic cell subset was identified in anastomotic regions that was CD11bhi CD103mid and was 93% IL-10+.

Conclusions

This anastomotic study demonstrated a decrease in IEC TLR4 expression and microbiome diversity which then coincided with increased expansion of regulatory and pro-inflammatory immune cells and cytokines. Defining the anastomotic mucosal environment could help inform innovative therapeutics to target excessive pro-inflammatory invasion and microbiome imbalance.
Data of bacterial community dynamics resulting from total rumen content exchange in beef cattle
Authors: Clemmons Brooke A. , Henniger Madison T. , Myer Phillip R.
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Extensive efforts have been made to characterize the rumen microbiome under various conditions. However, few studies have addressed the long-term impacts of ruminal microbiome dysbiosis and the extent of host control over microbiome stability. These data can also inform host-microbial symbioses. The objective was to develop preliminary data to measure the changes that occur in the rumen bacterial communities following a rumen content exchange to understand the effects major perturbations may impart upon the rumen microbiome, which may be host-driven.

Data description

We report here an initial rumen content exchange between two SimAngus (Simmental/Angus) non-pregnant, non-lactating cows of ~ 6 years of age weighing 603.4 ± 37.5 kg. To measure bacterial community succession and acclimation following the exchange, rumen content was collected via rumen cannula at the beginning of the study immediately prior to and following the rumen content exchange, and weekly for 12 weeks. The V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was targeted for DNA sequencing and bacterial analysis. Over 12 weeks, numerous genera and diversity varied, before partial return to pre-exchange metrics. These preliminary data help support potential host control for the rumen microbiome, aiding in efforts to define bovine host-microbe relationships.
Research on application of GPS-based wireless communication system in highway landslide
Authors: Xiong Zhiwen
Published: August 2021

Machine learning is a branch of the field of artificial intelligence. Deep learning is a complex machine learning algorithm that has unique advantages in image recognition, speech recognition, natural language processing, and industrial process control. Deep learning has It is widely used in the field of wireless communication. Prediction of geological disasters (such as landslides) is currently a difficult problem. Because landslides are difficult to detect in the early stage, this paper proposes a GPS-based wireless communication continuous detection system and applies it to landslide deformation monitoring to achieve early treatment and prevention. This article introduces the GPS multi-antenna detection system based on deep learning wireless communication, and introduces the time series analysis method and its application. The test results show that the GPS multi-antenna detection system of the wireless communication network has great advantages in response time, with high accuracy and small error. The horizontal accuracy is controlled at 0–2 mm and the vertical accuracy is about 1 mm. The analysis method is simple and efficient, and can obtain good results for short-term deformation prediction.
Estimation of divergence measures on time scales via Taylor’s polynomial and Green’s function with applications in q-calculus
Authors: Ansari Iqrar , Khan Khuram Ali , Nosheen Ammara , Pečarić Ðilda , Pečarić Josip
Published: August 2021

Taylor’s polynomial and Green’s function are used to obtain new generalizations of an inequality for higher order convex functions containing Csiszár divergence on time scales. Various new inequalities for some divergence measures in quantum calculus andh-discrete calculus are also established.
Spatial distribution and determinants of iron supplementation among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis
Authors: Agegnehu Chilot Desta , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Yeshaw Yigizie , Kebede Sewnet Adem , Liyew Alemneh Mekuriaw
Published: August 2021

Background

Maternal anemia continues as a global public health concern particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia. It is associated with an increased risk of maternal death, obstetric complications, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Even though maternal anemia is the commonest problem in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the spatial distribution and determinants of iron supplementation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution and determinants of iron supplementation among pregnant women in Ethiopia.

Method

A secondary data analysis was conducted based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total weighted sample of 7589 women was included for analysis. For the spatial analysis; ArcGIS version 10.6, and SaT Scan version 9.6 statistical software were employed to explore the spatial distribution, and to identify significant hotspot areas of iron supplementation in Ethiopia. For the determinant factors, multilevel logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify significant individual and community level determinants of iron supplementation. Deviance, Median Odds Ratio (MOR), and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used for model comparison and for assessing model fitness. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were considered in the multivariable multilevel analysis. In the multivariable multilevel analysis, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to declare significant determinants of iron supplementation.

Results

The spatial distribution of iron supplementation was significantly varied across the country with Global Moran’s index value of 0.3 (p < 0.001). The SaTScan analysis identified a total of 271 significant clusters, of these 89 clusters were primary clusters located in the Southwest Somali and Central Oromia regions (LLR = 66.69, P < 0.001, RR = 1.35). ANC visit (AOR = 3.66, 95%CI: 3.21, 417), community education [AOR = 1.31, 95%CI, 1.07, 1.59), media exposure (AOR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.53), distance to health facility (AOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.16, 1.50), region and household wealth index were statistically significant determinant factors of iron supplementation.

Conclusion

Iron supplementation among pregnant women were significantly varied across the country. Therefore, the finding of this study could help to design effective public health interventions targeting areas with low iron supplementation and maternal health services should be delivered in all areas of our country. Besides, public health programs should enhance iron supplementation through promoting ANC visits, media exposure, and giving special emphasis to marginalized and remote areas.
Characteristics of seismicity in the southern Okinawa Trough and their relation to back-arc rifting processes
Authors: Arai Ryuta
Published: August 2021

The southern part of the Okinawa Trough forms a narrow back-arc rift basin where evidence for submarine volcanoes and active hydrothermal venting is observed. The region is also known to cause large crustal earthquakes frequently which often accompany a rapid increase in seismicity rate. Although such swarm-like activities are common in active volcanic regions and are considered to be primarily induced by crustal fluid flows, potential interactions between tectonic, magmatic and hydrologic processes have been poorly examined in the southern Okinawa Trough despite these processes happening in the proximity. Here, I report the spatial and statistical characteristics of seismic activity in the southern Okinawa Trough and discuss their relation to other rifting-related phenomena. Most of the earthquakes with magnitude greater than 5 are localized around the rift axes (the Yaeyama Rift and the Yonaguni Rift) where seismic reflection data indicated the presence of solidified magmatic intrusions into the shallow sedimentary layers. I found the areas around the rift axes show low b values of < 0.8 and suggest that stress changes directly induced by dike intrusions beneath the rift axes control the occurrence of swarm activities. On the contrary, regions with high b values (> 1.2) are found around the Ishigaki Knoll and the Hatoma Knoll. These two areas are located between the rift axes and the Ryukyu Islands and correspond to potential submarine volcanoes proposed by seafloor bathymetry and seismic reflection images. This result may constrain the location of the volcanic front in the region.
Impact of cancer and cardiovascular disease on in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 patients: results from the american heart association COVID-19 cardiovascular disease registry
Authors: Tehrani David M. , Wang Xiaoyan , Rafique Asim M. , Hayek Salim S. , Herrmann Joerg , Neilan Tomas G. , Desai Pooja , Morgans Alicia , Lopez-Mattei Juan , Parikh Rushi V. , Yang Eric H.
Published: August 2021

Background

While pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) appears to be associated with poor outcomes in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), data on patients with CVD and concomitant cancer is limited. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of underlying CVD and CVD risk factors with cancer history on in-hospital mortality in those with COVID-19.

Methods

Data from symptomatic adults hospitalized with COVID-19 at 86 hospitals in the US enrolled in the American Heart Association’s COVID-19 CVD Registry was analyzed. The primary exposure was cancer history. The primary outcome was in-hospital death. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for demographics, CVD risk factors, and CVD. Interaction between history of cancer with concomitant CVD and CVD risk factors were tested.

Results

Among 8222 patients, 892 (10.8%) had a history of cancer and 1501 (18.3%) died. Cancer history had significant interaction with CVD risk factors of age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking history, but not underlying CVD itself. History of cancer was significantly associated with increased in-hospital death (among average age and BMI patients, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.07–6.24; p < 0.0001 in those with a smoking history and aOR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.01—1.76; p = 0.04 in non-smokers). Among the cancer subgroup, prior use of chemotherapy within 2 weeks of admission was associated with in-hospital death (aOR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.05–2.80; p = 0.03). Underlying CVD demonstrated a numerical but statistically nonsignificant trend toward increased mortality (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.99—1.41; p = 0.07).

Conclusion

Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, cancer history was a predictor of in-hospital mortality. Notably, among cancer patients, recent use of chemotherapy, but not underlying CVD itself, was associated with worse survival. These findings have important implications in cancer therapy considerations and vaccine distribution in cancer patients with and without underlying CVD and CVD risk factors.
Influence of ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Lagos, southwest Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Tajudeen O. , Oladele Esther O. , Mshelia Mari B. , Sifau Mutiu O. , Fashola Oluwatosin D. , Bunza M. D. A. , Nathaniel Josephine
Published: August 2021

Background

The literature shows that ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may be used to stem the rising incidence of the disease. However, these associations vary geographically, which necessitates the need to determine the association in every locality. This study determined the ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics of 486 type 2 diabetic patients with no family history in selected hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria.

Results

The results showed that age class 50–59 years (35.8%) was the most susceptible to T2DM, while age class 30–39 years (8.6%) was the least. Female diabetics accounted for 56.8%, while males constituted 43.2%. Diabetes was less prevalent among singles (9.5%), while married couples had the highest prevalence (55.6%). Primary school leavers were the least diabetic (9.9%), while secondary school leavers were the most diabetic (41.6%). Approximately 59.05% of the patients were overweight, while 5.35% were underweight. Blood group O positive was the most prevalent (38.5%; p < 0.05), followed by A positive (20.2%; p < 0.05), and the least was AB negative (4.5%). Severe conditions were less common among groups O positive and A positive (p < 0.05) compared to other blood groups. Thus, the relatively high prevalence of T2DM among blood groups O and A could be due to natural selection owing to their fitness.

Conclusions

ABO blood groups and demographic characteristics influenced the prevalence of T2DM in the city. Residents with blood groups O and A positive should pay special attention to T2DM.
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in evaluation of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in pediatric age group
Authors: Elshal Fatma Ibrahim Soliman , Elshehaby Walid Ahmed , Dawoud Mahmoud Abd elaziz , Shaban Ekhlas Abdelmonem
Published: August 2021

Background

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is a major cause of pediatric mortality and morbidity, with possible long-term neurologic sequel, such as cerebral palsy. With improvements in care of at-risk neonates, more children survive. This makes it increasingly important to assess, soon after birth, the prognosis of children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The aim of the study was to assess the additive role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy over conventional MRI in diagnosis and early prediction of pathological motor development in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Results

MRS ratios showed significant difference between unfavorable and normal outcome infants. MRS ratios as Lac/Cr, NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho within basal ganglia, thalamus and white matter can significantly differentiate between patients with normal and pathological outcome at 1 year.

Lac/Cr positively correlates with the severity of HIE. Both NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho negatively correlate with the severity of the disease. Ratios cutoff values as Lac/Cr above 0.38 and 0.42 in basal ganglia and white matter, respectively, NAA/Cr below 0.9 and 0.8 in basal ganglia and occipital white matter, respectively, and NAA/Cho below 0.29 and 0.31 in basal ganglia and frontal white matter, respectively, were significantly predictive of pathological outcome.

Conclusion

High Lac/Cr, low NAA/Cr and low NAA/Cho ratios within examined regions of the brain including deep grey matter nuclei as well as white matter are associated with an adverse outcome in infants with perinatal asphyxia. MRS is an accurate quantitative MR biomarker within the neonatal period for prediction of neurodevelopmental outcome after perinatal HIE. MRS may be useful in early clinical management decisions, and counseling parents thereby ensuring appropriate early intervention and rehabilitation.
Predicting persistence of hallucinations from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Steenkamp Lisa R. , Tiemeier Henning , Blanken Laura M. E. , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Kushner Steven A. , Bolhuis Koen
Published: August 2021

Background

Psychotic experiences predict adverse health outcomes, particularly if they are persistent. However, it is unclear what distinguishes persistent from transient psychotic experiences.

Aims

In a large population-based cohort, we aimed to (a) describe the course of hallucinatory experiences from childhood to adolescence, (b) compare characteristics of youth with persistent and remittent hallucinatory experiences, and (c) examine prediction models for persistence.

Method

Youth were assessed longitudinally for hallucinatory experiences at mean ages of 10 and 14 years (n = 3473). Multi-informant-rated mental health problems, stressful life events, self-esteem, non-verbal IQ and parental psychopathology were examined in relation to absent, persistent, remittent and incident hallucinatory experiences. We evaluated two prediction models for persistence with logistic regression and assessed discrimination using the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

The persistence rate of hallucinatory experiences was 20.5%. Adolescents with persistent hallucinatory experiences had higher baseline levels of hallucinatory experiences, emotional and behavioural problems, as well as lower self-esteem and non-verbal IQ scores than youth with remittent hallucinatory experiences. Although the prediction model for persistence versus absence of hallucinatory experiences demonstrated excellent discriminatory power (AUC-corrected = 0.80), the prediction model for persistence versus remittance demonstrated poor accuracy (AUC-corrected = 0.61).

Conclusions

This study provides support for the dynamic expression of childhood hallucinatory experiences and suggests increased neurodevelopmental vulnerability in youth with persistent hallucinatory experiences. Despite the inclusion of a wide array of psychosocial parameters, a prediction model discriminated poorly between youth with persistent versus remittent hallucinatory experiences, confirming that persistent hallucinatory experiences are a complex multifactorial trait.
Krüppel-like factor gene function in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi assessed by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing
Authors: Presnell Jason S. , Browne William E.
Published: August 2021

The Krüppel-like factor (Klf) gene family encodes transcription factors that play an important role in the regulation of stem cell proliferation, cell differentiation and development in bilaterians. Although Klf genes have been shown to specify functionally various cell types in non-bilaterian animals, their role in early-diverging animal lineages has not been assessed. Thus, the ancestral activity of these transcription factors in animal development is not well understood. The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi has emerged as an important non-bilaterian model system for understanding early animal evolution. Here, we characterize the expression and functional role of Klf genes during M. leidyi embryogenesis. Zygotic Klf gene function was assessed with both CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and splice-blocking morpholino oligonucleotide knockdown approaches. Abrogation of zygotic Klf expression during M. leidyi embryogenesis resulted in abnormal development of several organs, including the pharynx, tentacle bulbs and apical organ. Our data suggest an ancient role for Klf genes in regulating endodermal patterning, possibly through regulation of cell proliferation.
Engaging new audiences with imaging and microscopy
Authors: Barresi Michael J. , Coen Enrico , Kugler Elisabeth , Shuda Jamie , Sung Derek C.
Published: August 2021

In this Spotlight, we hear first-hand accounts from five scientists and educators who use microscopy and imaging to engage, entertain, educate and inspire new audiences with science and the field of developmental biology in particular. The ‘voices’ that follow each convey each authors' own personal take on why microscopy is such a powerful tool for capturing the minds, and the hearts, of scientists, students and the public alike. They discuss how microscopy and imaging can reveal new worlds, and improve our communication and understanding of developmental biology, as well as break down barriers and promote diversity for future generations of scientific researchers.
The role of radiotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Huguet Florence , Dabout Victoire , Rivin del Campo Eleonor , Gaujoux Sébastien , Bachet Jean Baptiste
Published: August 2021

At diagnosis, about 15% of patients with pancreatic cancer present with a resectable tumour, 50% have a metastatic tumour, and 35% a locally advanced tumour, non-metastatic but unresectable due to vascular invasion, or borderline resectable. Despite the technical progress made in the field of radiation therapy and the improvement of the efficacy of chemotherapy, the prognosis of these patients remains very poor. Recently, the role of radiation therapy in the management of pancreatic cancer has been much debated. This review aims to evaluate the role of radiation therapy for patients with locally advanced tumours.
Moral Universalism: Measurement and Economic Relevance
Authors: Enke Benjamin , Rodríguez-Padilla Ricardo , Zimmermann Florian
Published: August 2021

Many applied economic settings involve trade-offs between in-group members and strangers. To better understand decision making in these contexts, this paper measures and investigates the economic relevance of heterogeneity in moral universalism: the extent to which people exhibit the same level of altruism and trust toward strangers as toward in-group members. We first introduce a new experimentally validated, survey-based measure of moral universalism that is simple and easily scalable. We then deploy this tool in a large, representative sample of the U.S. population to study heterogeneity and economic relevance. We find that universalism is a relatively stable trait at the individual level. In exploratory analyses, heterogeneity in universalism is significantly related to observables: Older people, men, the rich, the rural, and the religious exhibit less universalist preferences and beliefs. Linking variation in universalism to self-reports of economic and social behaviors, we document the following correlations. Universalists donate less money locally, but more globally, and are less likely to exhibit home bias in equity and educational investments. In terms of social networks, universalists have fewer friends, spend less time with them, and feel more lonely. These results provide a blueprint for measuring moral universalism in applied settings and suggest that variation in universalism is relevant for understanding a myriad of economic behaviors.

This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
KONTEKSTUALISASI KISAH MARYAM DI DALAM AL-QUR’AN SEBAGAI BASIS TELADAN GENERASI MUDA MUSLIM ERA KONTEMPORER
Authors: Perdana Tazkia Anugraheni
Published: August 2021

Salah satu dari sekian banyak kisah yang Allah ceritakan di al-Qur’an adalah kisah Maryam binti Imran ia adalah perempuan yang tangguh dan sekaligus ibu dari Nabi Isa. Ia memiliki banyak keistimewaan dan pelajaran yang dapat kita ambil darinya. Pengetahuan tentang tokoh Islam sendiri memang sangatlah minim. Beberapa orang hanya beranggapan bahwa tokoh-toko tersebut hanya akan dibahas pada kajian agama dan tidak dipraktekkan kedalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Padahal, jika mengamalkan apa yang terkandung dalam al-Qur’an, hidup akan menjadi teratur dan terarah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengenalkan kembali kepada masyarakat Maryam binti Imran yang mungkin sebagian melupakan atau bahkan tidak tahu menahu tentang hal ini. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka.
KONSTRUKSI PENAFSIRAN YUNAHAR ILYAS (Studi Buku Kisah Para Rasul Tafsir Al-Qur’an Tematis)
Authors: Insan N.A. Afifatur Rasyidah , Chirzin Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Pemahaman terhadap konstruksi penafsiran merupakan hal penting dalam membantu memahami penafsiran al-Qur’an dari karya seseorang, serta memahami pesan-pesan al-Qur’an. Demikian pula pemahaman terhadap konstruksi  penafsiran sangat penting dalam memahami kisah-kisah dalam al-Qur’an, agar manusia mendapatkan hikmah dan pesan moral usai melakukan perenungan terhadap peristiwa-peristiwa yang dikisahkan. Kisah Para Rasul Tafsir Al-Qur’an Tematis merupakan karya Yunahar Ilyas, yakni salah seorang cendekiawan muslim dan sosok muballigh-intelektual. Konstruksi penafsiran Yunahar Ilyas terdiri dari aspek yang meliputi metode penafsiran dan langkah-langkah penafsiran. Metode penafsiran yang diterapkan Yunahar Ilyas adalah metode mauḍū‘i dengan pendekatan hermeneutika. Buku Kisah Para Rasul Tafsir Al-Qur’an Tematis memiliki relevansi dengan konteks kekinian, yaitu memiliki kontribusi dalam keilmuan tafsir, nilai pendidikan, dan sebagai dakwah bagi masyarakat. Kelebihan dari tafsir tematis ini adalah cukup informatif, ringkas, bahasanya mudah dipahami, dan memiliki sumber-sumber yang jelas. Kekurangannya adalah tidak sering membahas sastra, kurangnya korelasi dengan pengetahuan ilmiah, dan pada kisah Nabi Muhammad saw. pembahasannya belum tuntas.
APPLICATION OF THE RULES OF COMMANDMENTS AND PROHIBITIONS IN TAFSIR AL-MISHBAH
Authors: Usman Abur Hamdi , Ibrahim Mazlan , Abdullah Mohd Farid Ravi
Published: August 2021

Shihab, in full M. Quraish Shihab (b. 1944) is a prominent exegete who became one of the leading intellectual figures of 20th-century Indonesia. As a scholar, Shihab is best remembered for his 30-chapter exegesis entitled Tafsir Al-Mishbah. In the Commentary, Shihab had applied several rules that had driven him towards exegeting the verses. This kind of rule is also adopted by the other exegetes to ensure their exegeses are in line with the Islamic law. Therefore, this paper seeks to analyse the rules of interpretation applied by Shihab which focuses on the discussions of commandments (al-amr) and prohibitions (al-nahy). To get a proper understanding and to ensure the rules that Shihab had employed can be analysed perfectly, We adopted the document analysis method by making language scriptures and venerated exegeses as the main sources of references. The study found that Shihab had applied six rules related to al-amr and al-nahy in his Tafsir Al-Mishbah, and the rules have been affirmed by grand exegetes.
TRAUMA DAN FRAMING PERSEPSI DALAM TINJAUAN AL-QUR’AN (Analisis Kisah Bani Israil di Surah Al-Māidah dan Kisah Bani Musthaliq di Surah Al- Ḥujurāt)
Authors: Bahri Saiful
Published: August 2021

Trauma yang dialami seseorang dapat mengakibatkan mental block yang membuatnya terkunci dalam persepsi negatif dan sulit untuk dilepaskan. Begitu juga persepsi terhadap sesuatu jika tidak sempurna atau salah akan berakibat merugikan diri sendiri dan orang lain. Al-Qur’an sebagai hudan (petunjuk) dan ṡifā' (solusi) tentu memiliki perhatian dan solusi untuk menghadapi dua kondisi mental tersebut. Artikel ini membahas kedua tema tersebut dengan pendekatan psikologis dan tematik. Kasus-kasus yang dianalisis adalah trauma persepsi yang dialami oleh Bani Israel yang diriwayatkan dalam Surat al-Maidah, serta framing persepsi yang dialami oleh utusan Nabi Muhammad SAW kepada suku Bani Musthaliq yang diriwayatkan sebagai penyebab diturunkannya Surat tersebut. al-Hujarat ayat enam. Solusi psikologis berdasarkan ayat al-Qur'an ini diharapkan mampu mengatasi dan mencegah kedua permasalahan psikologis tersebut.
RELEVANSI PRODUKSI AIR MINUM KH-Q DENGAN WASIAT KH. MUHAMMAD ARWANI BERDASARKAN AYAT WA LĀ TAṠTARŪ BI ᾹYĀTĪ ṠAMANĀN QALĪLĀN
Authors: Noor Azka
Published: August 2021

Tulisan ini berisi tentang penelusuran makna jual beli ayat yang terkandung dalam Qs. al-Baqarah ayat 41 dan konteks penggunaannya dalam al-Qur’an menurut perspektif mufassir, baik klasik maupun kontemporer serta perspektif KH. Muhammad Arwani, sebagai upaya menemukan jawaban dari asumsi-asumsi sebagian masyarakat terkait produksi air minum Kh-Q oleh PT. Buya Barokah yang bernaung di bawah Badan Usaha Yayasan Arwaniyyah yang sementara oleh sebagian masyarakat dipandang sebagai tindakan memperjualbelikan ayat. Hal di atas bermuara pada wasiat KH. Muhammad Arwani yang sudah banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat berkenaan dengan larangan bagi santri-santri beliau mencari dunia dengan menggunakan al-Qur’an terutama larangan mengikuti perlombaan musabaqah tilawatil quran dan musabaqah ajwad huffazil quran. Untuk menjawab permasalahan-permasalahan di atas, penulis menggunakan metode maudhui tematik secara keseluruan ayat dan metode wawancara dengan zurriyyah (keluarga) dan orang-orang terkait serta observasi guna pengumpulan data-data dan menganalisisnya agar dapat menemukan jawaban yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Dalam hal ini penulis menggunakan metode diskriptif analitik. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya unsur pencarian sesuatu yang bersifat duniawi dari penjualan Kh-Q dan tidak seperti apa yang terkandung dalam Qs. al-Baqarah ayat 41, sehingga penulis tidak menemukan relevansi antara produk Kh-Q dengan wasiat KH. Muhammad Arwani terkait larangan memperjualbelikan ayat berdasarkan Qs. al-Baqarah ayat 41.
sobre partos y nacimientos: derivas ético-políticas de la figura del “maestro-partero” en filosofía con/para niñxs.
Authors: Macias Julian
Published: August 2021

In this paper, I endeavor to evaluate the ethical-political consequences of the metaphor of "teacher-midwife" awarded to Plato’s Socrates in Theaetetus and its use by different scholars to describe the role of teacher in a Philosophy with/for children (Pf/wC) context. The paper is divided into three sections: first (1) an approach is made to the figure of Socrates in Meno, to the critique of his method as expressed by Jacques Rancière in The Ignorant Schoolmaster, and to the echoing of that  critique by Walter Kohan in his evaluation of the pedagogy of Pf/wC. Next, (2) different descriptions of the teacher’s role in Pf/wC are reviewed, emphasizing the elements that emphasize the Socratic figure. For Matthew Lipman, one of the keys to turning classrooms into communities of philosophical inquiry was to substantially modify the teaching role. Because, on Lipman’s account, the teacher should not teach in the traditional sense, different metaphors have been sought to describe her role. In section (3), I argue that a description of the teacher as "guide" can be applied to many features that characterize Socrates. I analyze in depth the metaphor of the "teacher-midwife" establishing the links with those developed in (1) and (2). Emphasis is placed on the ethical-political consequences of equating the teacher with a "teacher-midwife", especially if we take into account Plato's complete description of pedagogical maiusis  in Theaetetus, and the centrality of the metaphor in Pf/wC pedagogical practice. Finally, I consider the very different image of the “birth” metaphor that is suggested by Hannah Arendt’s concept of “natality,”  and explore its implications for a pedagogical alternative to the Socratic.
authenticity as an inarticulate ideal in the contemporary discourse of good childhoods
Authors: Miranda Luiz
Published: August 2021

This paper consists of an initial investigation about the meaning of a good childhood following the ethical ideal of authenticity. In this introduction to a philosophy of childhood and authenticity, the central theme is to investigate how the authenticity ideal is already presupposed in the contemporary discourse on what constitutes a good childhood. In the emerging field of philosophy of childhood, the capacities of children for agency, autonomy, and committing and the fundamental role of parents in guaranteeing possibilities to exercise them are being increasingly highlighted, together with a discourse that there are some intrinsic goods of childhood. These developments parallel contemporary reconstructions of authenticity as an ethical ideal. Current debates emphasize the importance of a person finding, creating and constructing their originality, and how to realize it. At the same time, this search must recognize demands emanating from something more than human desires: from one’s culture and community. The parallel dynamics between these two discourses - children-parent and individual-society - point to a direction that applying the concept of authenticity to the construction of novel interpretations and practices of a good childhood can bring fruitful results. After examining such parallels, some of these practices that emerge from the analysis of good childhoods as authentic childhood are pointed out, such as the importance of cultivating children’s moments of caring and committing, and the development of personal projects. The paper concludes by exploring some limitations of the applied methodology and how it can be a strength in future research on this topic.
The ‘COVID cohort’
Authors: Bandali Mahdiyah
Published: August 2021

With the pandemic having a significant impact on student paramedics, Mahdiyah Bandali reflects on what this means for newly qualified paramedics and how they can be supported
Pioneering retrieval of neonates as a paramedic
Authors: Eason Josh
Published: August 2021

In this month's instalment of Paramedic Roles, Josh Eason, one of the first trainee advanced paramedic practitioners in intensive care retrieval medicine, shares a typical day in one of the profession's newest roles
Should we routinely prescribe proton pump inhibitors peri-operatively in elderly patients with hip fractures? A review of the literature
Authors: Chuene Mabua A. , Pietrzak Jurek R.T. , Sekeitto Allan R. , Mokete Lipalo
Published: August 2021

Elderly hip fracture patients are at risk of stress-related gastric mucosal damage, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the underrecognized but devastating complications. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) offer effective prophylaxis against stress-related gastric mucosal damage. Systematic analysis of the literature revealed numerous articles on PPIs and hip fractures, but only three articles dedicated to the analysis of prophylactic use of PPIs in patients with a hip fracture. There is significant reduction in upper gastrointestinal bleeding following PPI prophylaxis and reduced 90-day mortality in elderly hip fracture patients on prophylaxis. PPIs are generally safe, cost-effective and based on available evidence. Their prophylactic use is justifiable in elderly patients with hip fractures. We suggest that PPIs be prescribed routinely peri-operatively in elderly hip fracture patients. Further level-one studies on the subject will allow for firmer recommendations.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:686-691. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200053
Posterolateral corner knee injuries: a narrative review
Authors: Figueroa Francisco , Figueroa David , Putnis Sven , Guiloff Rodrigo , Caro Patricio , Espregueira-Mendes João
Published: August 2021

Limited knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee, coupled with poor patient outcomes with non-operative management, resulted in the PLC often being labelled as the ‘dark side’ of the knee. In the last two decades, extensive research has resulted in a better understanding of the anatomy and function of the PLC, and has led to the development of anatomic reconstructions that have resulted in improved patient outcomes. Despite considerable attention in the clinical orthopaedic literature (nearly 400 articles published in the last decade), a standardized algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of the PLC is still lacking, and much controversy remains. Considering the literature review, there is not a reconstruction technique that clearly prevails over the others. As anatomic, biomechanical, and clinical knowledge of PLC injuries continues to progress, finding the balance between re-creating native anatomy and safely performing PLC reconstruction provides a big challenge. Treatment decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:676-685. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200096
Growth modulation with tension-band plates for the correction of paediatric lower limb angular deformity: current concepts and indications for a rational use
Authors: Masquijo J. Javier , Artigas Cristian , de Pablos Julio
Published: August 2021

Growth modulation (GM) with tension-band plates (TBPs) by tethering part of the growth plate is an established technique for the correction of angular deformities in children, and it has increasingly supplanted more invasive osteotomies. Growth modulation with TBPs is a safe and effective method to correct a variety of deformities in skeletally immature patients with idiopathic and pathological physes. The most common indication is a persistent deformity in the coronal plane of the knee exceeding 10°, with anterior and/or lateral joint pain, patellofemoral instability, gait disturbance, or cosmetic concerns. GM has also shown good results in patients with fixed flexion deformity of the knee and ankle valgus. This paper reviews the history of the procedure, current indications, and recent advances underlying physeal manipulation with TBPs.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:658-668. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200098
Giant cell tumour of bone around the knee: a systematic review of the functional and oncological outcomes
Authors: Soares do Brito Joaquim , Spranger André , Almeida Paulo , Portela José , Barrientos-Ruiz Irene
Published: August 2021

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) is a relatively rare, locally aggressive benign neoplasm observed in the long bone epiphyseal-metaphyseal regions of young adults. The optimal treatment strategy for these tumours remains controversial, and a huge amount of contradictory data regarding the functional and oncological outcomes can be found. Therefore, we performed a systematic review intended to investigate the functional and oncological outcomes after surgical treatment of GCTs arising around the knee, namely in the distal femur and proximal tibia. A trend towards better oncological control was found using wide resections, nonetheless, curettage-based techniques achieve a highly acceptable recurrence rate with overall better knee function. A slight advantage favouring proximal tibia GCTs regarding the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was also observed. Prospective studies comparing groups of more homogeneous patients, tumours, and treatment options should be developed to obtain more conclusive and definitive results regarding the optimal strategy for treating GCTs.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:641-650. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200154
Passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser with a lead zirconate titanate saturable absorber
Authors: Li Shuangcheng , Li Linjun , Qi Tianqi , Wu Zhengyang , Duan Xiaoming , Yang Xining , Shen Yingjie
Published: August 2021

In the paper, we prepare a lead zirconate titanate saturable absorber, which is used to demonstrate a passively

Q

-switched (PQS) Tm:YAP laser. In the PQS mode, an average output power of 0.81 W and pulse width of 1.69 µs at 175 kHz are obtained at 1991.9 nm with a pump power of 12.76 W, corresponding to an optical–optical conversion efficiency of 6.35%. In addition, the beam quality factors

M
2

of the PQS Tm:YAP laser in the

x

and

y

directions are 1.17 and 1.15, respectively.