bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ГЕОТЕХНІЧНИЙ МОНІТОРИНГ В УМОВАХ УЩІЛЬНЕНОЇ МІСЬКОЇ ЗАБУДОВИ
Authors: ІЩЕНКО Ю.І. , СЛЮСАРЕНКО Ю.С. , МЕЛАШЕНКО Ю. Б. , ЯКОВЕНКО М.С. , БЄНЬ І.В.
Published: October 2020

В останні роки значно зросла увага громадськості та наукових установ до проблеми моніторингу довкілля. Це пов’язано зі збільшенням з кожним роком техногенного навантаження людини на довкілля і, в першу чергу, на геологічне середовище, а також необхідністю на новому, більш високому організаційному і технічному рівні, вирішувати завдання пов’язані з його змінами. Останні дані моніторингових спостережень свідчать про тенденцію до активізації цього негативного природно-техногенного процесу в просторово-часовому масштабі і збільшення, в першу чергу, площ підтоплення, а також просідання, зсувних та інших небезпечних явищ. Відповідно, в процесі експлуатації будівель, під впливом вищевказаних чинників, змінюється напружено-деформований стан системи «основа-фундамент-верхня будова». У багатьох випадках це призводить до пошкодження будівельних конструкцій, виникнення аварійних ситуацій і істотного зниження надійності будівель. Сьогодні в Україні понад 11 000 житлових будинків перебувають в аварійному стані.Наведено два приклади геотехнічного моніторингу: облаштування «стіни в ґрунті» та протизсувних споруд. Спеціально розроблена програма моніторингу включала: геодезичний інструментальний контроль деформацій будівель навколишньої забудови і конструкцій будівлі, що реконструюється; системні спостереження за деформаціями конструкцій в процесі відкопування котловану і будівництва, з влаштуванням інклінометричних систем спостережень, деформаційних маяків і геодезичних марок; спостереження за коливанням рівня ґрунтових вод при будівництві; спостереження за осіданнями деформаційних маяків, зміною ширини розкриття тріщини в конструкціях будинків навколишньої забудови; інженерно-геологічний моніторинг із забезпеченням підтвердження фізико-механічних характеристик ґрунтів несучого (опорного) шару пальових фундаментів і паль підсилення. Геотехнічний моніторинг дозволив забезпечити збереження існуючої історичної забудови в зоні впливу зведення «стіни в ґрунті» та протизсувних споруд, виключити ризик виникнення аварійних ситуацій.
Cultural imperialism on £10 a day: The short, tumultuous history of the British Institute of Afghan Studies 1972–1982
Authors: Fleming David
Published: October 2020

The British Institute of Afghan Studies in Kabul existed for only ten years, but during that period endured violent changes of government, rapid turnover of its senior staff, and the arrest and imprisonment of its director. Yet it also sponsored important archaeological work that became fundamental to an understanding of the linkages among Western Asia, Iran, the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent, and Central Asia. This paper examines the Institute's foundation, the philosophical frame within which it was conceived, its work, and its fate.
PROBLEMS OF CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS
Authors:   Moscow City Government University of Management, Moscow, Russian Federation, IVANOVA SVETLANA
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the research work is to analyze the norms of Federal laws, as well as the laws of the Russian Federation's constituent entities, devoted to the definitions and classification of the concepts “cultural heritage”, “historical and cultural monuments”, “cultural values”. Conclusions obtained in the course of the research: based on the study of current legislation, it is concluded that the definitions of “cultural values”, “cultural property”, “objects of cultural inheritance” contained in various normative legal acts differ in content. Based on the research, the author proposes the concept of “cultural values”.
PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PROHIBITIVE-PUNITIVE INSTITUTIONS OF SOCIAL REGULATION: FROM TABOO TO CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: ANDRIANOV VLADIMIR
Published: October 2020

Formulation of the problem. The very existence and role of objective patterns in society, including in the legal sphere, causes doubt among some thinkers, up to the complete denial of any patterns in social life. However, even a shallow analysis, conducted from the perspective of the general scientific concept of patterns, leaves no doubt that in the development and functioning of law, in its matter, its constituent elements, in their correlation there are objective laws that, like laws in any other matter, have the nature of the necessary and stable relationships and dependencies. Therefore, it is clear that their specific laws are inherent in legal reality, including criminal law as its component. The emergence of criminal law - a natural process, which at one time was experienced by any modern society. It was due to the development of the system of social regulation and the objective needs of protecting social interests from the most dangerous attacks. Purpose of article. This article analyzes the process of the emergence of criminal law, examines the concepts of genesis and genetic patterns of criminal law, it turns out the preconditions of criminal law in the social regulation of the primitive era. Results. The study made it possible to formulate a number of specific patterns of the emergence of criminal law, in particular: the pattern of the genetic dependence of criminal law prohibitions on the system of sacred taboos and prohibitions of prestate society; the regularity of the emergence of criminal law norms only in a state-organized society; the regularity of the dependence of the emergence of criminal law on the formation of the idea of a crime as an act that causes harm to the whole society as an integral organism; regularity of conditionality of norms on criminal and punishable by moral ideas of society about good and evil; regularity, expressed in the sequential consolidation in the criminal law of crimes of mala in se (by nature), then mala prohibita (according to law).
CODIFICATION PROBLEMS OF NECESSARY DEFENSE AFFECTING ITS IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Dzerzhinsk branch of the Lobachevsky State University, Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russian Federation, ALEXANDR PETRUSHENKOV
Published: October 2020

Objectives. The goal of scholarly research is to develop proposals for amendments in criminal law General and Special part of Criminal code of the Russian Federation governing self-defense. The scientific article identifies legislative gaps and contradictions that hinder the effective implementation of the necessary defense and require prompt solutions. Methods. The article analyzes such concepts as “self-defense”, “public assault”, “excess of limits of necessary defense”, “violation of the conditions of lawfulness of necessary defense”, “surprise assault”, “rights defending or other persons, interests of the state”. The use of logical and comparative legal methods allowed us to develop proposals for making changes to the criminal law norms that establish the necessary defense. Conclusions. The article shows the conflicts and gaps legislative recognition of self-defense and, in this regard, the complexity of its implementation in the articles of the Special part of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation and practical application. Changes are proposed to the criminal law norms regulating the necessary defense, both in the General and in the Special part of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Sense. The content of the scientific article can be used by the teaching staff of higher educational institutions when teaching the course “Criminal law”. The results of the work can be useful to persons who carry out legislative activities in the field of criminal law. The leitmotif of the article can be used in the preparation of dissertation research.
THE EFFECT OF THE RELIGIOUS FACTOR ON THE MILITARY MEN VALUE BASED ORIENTATION FORMING
Authors:   Military University of the Russian Federation of the Defense Ministry, Moscow, Russian Federation, ROMAKHIN ALEXEY
Published: October 2020

This article reveals the problem of the role of the religious factor in the formation of the value orientations of the military personnel of the Russian army from its inception to the present state. In the article, the author reveals the significance of the Church in the formation of the value orientations of military personnel. The problem of religious situation in foreign armies is considered. The article presents data from sociological studies confirming the increase in the number of religious servicemen in the modern Armed Forces. The concept of “religious factor” is revealed. The author suggests considering the influence of the religious factor on the formation of value orientations through the functions of religion. The article provides examples of the influence of religion on the formation of value orientations of military personnel from the time of the Baptism of Russia to the present. Examples of writers of Russian classical literature about the influence of religion on the morale of troops are given. Examples of religious participation in major battles and wars of the past years are shown. The significance of the religious factor in uniting the people and the army is shown. The work of officials of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation in strengthening values among military personnel in modern conditions is demonstrated. The role of the Minister of defense of the Russian Federation, General of the army S.K. Shoigu in strengthening the faith of the Russian army is outlined. Issues related to the construction of the Main Temple of the Armed Forces and its impact on the public masses were discussed. In this study, the author aims to show the significant role of religion in the formation of value orientations in Russian military personnel. The analysis shows an increasing role of religion in the minds of military personnel in modern conditions.
PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF THE PARLIAMENT AS A POLITICAL INSTITUTE
Authors:   Volga State University of Water Transport, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russian Federation, POPOVA AKSANA
Published: October 2020

The article examines the issues of parliament as a political institution, the main purpose of which is the development and adoption of laws in the interests of the population and the state. At the same time, in addition to law-making, the parliament also performs other equally important functions, among which are representative, control and organizational. It should be noted that the representative function is a priority, because, firstly, it is implemented both through the legislative sphere and through other aspects of the parliament; secondly, representative powers compel us to consider the activity of parliament as a way to realize the collective right of the people to power; thirdly, representation as the central function of the parliament should be ensured in the daily activities of the latter and express the interests of the majority in society, and not just the parliamentary majority itself. The purpose of the study is to analyze scientific research materials and legal regulation of the parliament as the bearer of the supreme legislative power. It should be noted that the fundamental place of representative power is determined by the normative consolidation of the leading role of parliament, where representation is implemented in a very complicated legislative procedure, which is aimed at working out a compromise solution and is due to the removal of social tension and the legitimization of the state apparatus. At the same time, parliamentary law can be considered as a sufficiently formed and dynamically developing branch of law, which does not contradict its characterization as a sub-branch of constitutional law. Parliamentary law, along with suffrage and constitutional procedural law, develops in the fundamental system of constitutional law, and is one of its largest entities. At the same time, parliamentary law can be considered as a sufficiently formed and dynamically developing branch of law, which does not contradict its characterization as a sub-branch of constitutional law. Parliamentary law, along with suffrage and constitutional procedural law, develops in the fundamental system of constitutional law, and is one of its largest entities. Based on the research, the author comes to the conclusion that parliament as a political institution in Russia is one of the instruments for implementing the modern principles of a democratic rule of law with a federal structure and a republican form of government. The Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation has real means to avoid concentration or usurpation of power in the hands of one body, group of persons or one person. These tools include both the general principles of the Federal Assembly (separation of powers, openness, legality, collegiality, etc.), and direct rights, duties of the houses of parliament (legislative, representative, control).
POLITICAL PLURALISM: NOTION, CONCEPTUAL AND INTERPRETATIVE FORESHORTENING
Authors:   Law Institute of the National Research University “BelSU”, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, GELUNENKO VALERIA , ANDREEV SERGEY
Published: October 2020

In order to reveal the content of political pluralism, the article considers conceptual, conceptual and interpretative approaches to its definition in the context of constitutional relations with the foundations of the constitutional system, constitutional values, freedom of speech and expression. It is revealed that the absence of the term “political pluralism” in the constitutional text of Russia is made up for by its disclosure through the interpretation of the related principles of “ideological diversity”, “political diversity” and “multiparty”. It is this perspective of the study of political pluralism that helps to justify it as the basis of the constitutional system of Russia. It is noted that since freedom of speech and expression are associated primarily with political freedoms, they are most logically associated with political pluralism. It is proved that the latter implies the presence of citizens in society who have their own interests, adhere to different views on the development of the state and society and unite on this basis in groups, as well as finding a compromise between them based on common ideals and values when solving issues of national importance. The analysis of the motivational part of the decisions of the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation served to reveal the content of political pluralism. The authors concluded that the structure of political pluralism consists of political diversity, freedom of speech, freedom of expression, and political compromise. As a generalization, the authors noted that the principle of political pluralism is revealed by this body through guarantees of political diversity and the possibility of finding a compromise of political interests at the level of the Parliament. In addition, it was stressed that the principle of political diversity in a democratic state is ensured through the functioning of such institutions of direct democracy as freedom of speech, free elections, freedom of peaceful public events, the right to Association and freedom of their activities, including political parties. It is concluded that the coordination of political interests should be provided by parliaments of various levels.
SOME ASPECTS OF LEGAL AND MORAL & ETHICAL BASIS OF EUTHANASIA IN INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICA (EXPERIENCE OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES)
Authors:   Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation, BELIKOVA KSENIA
Published: October 2020

This article is aimed at identifying of legal framework and ethical problems of euthanasia in two of the five BRICS countries belonging to the Anglo-Saxon system of law - India and South Africa. In this format, the article analyzes the approaches of these countries that create patterns of admissibility of euthanasia, its potential and ethical and legal basis for today, based on analytical reflections on the information gathered from sources and literature from the list of sources and literature. The relevance of this research is due to the fact that a number of approaches to legislation and the judicial acts under study can be useful in finding answers to similar questions related to euthanasia on our, Russian legal order. The analyzed ethical and legal experience is reflected both in historical (1986, 1996, 2011) and in new (2015, 2018) judicial acts. Thus, this study serves to fill the existing gap. The author’s results are presented in the identified partial similarity of approaches based on adherence to the Anglo-Saxon system of law, and differences in the understanding of the grounds for the permissibility of euthanasia. The theoretical and practical significance of the results obtained is determined by the fact that Russian readers will be provided with up-to-date scientific information about the state of the Indian and South African approaches in the field under study, which in practical terms will contribute to understanding the gap (or lack thereof) with the approaches of Russian researchers and practitioners (lawyers, etc.).
THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF A LEGITIMATE COMPANY CANNOT BE A SIGN OF A CRIMINAL OF A CRIMINAL ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Asnis & Partners Law Office, Moscow, Russian Federation, ASNIS ALEXANDER
Published: October 2020

The subject of the article was the negative tendency in recent years to use by law enforcers the high repressive potential enshrined in art. 35 and 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (CC RF) on liability for the creation, leadership and participation in criminal communities for the purpose of criminal prosecution of owners and heads of legal companies that use the latter to commit crimes in economic field. More and more often, the law enforcer began to consider the organizational structure of a commercial organization, fixed in the charter and well-documented, as indisputable evidence of the presence of structural features of a criminal community (criminal organization). Until recently, such an interpretation of the criminal law was not hindered by either the criminal law or the position of the highest court in criminal matters. An attempt to solve this problem by the Federal Law of April 1, 2020 No. 73-ФЗ initiated by the President of the country, according to the author, is a “half measure”. This novelty also raises new problems for the law enforcer in interpreting such valuation concepts as “reliable knowledge” and “are not subject to criminal liability ... due to the organizational and staff structure of the organization”. In this regard, the legislator will be forced to continue the search for new, more effective and reliable barriers for the incorrect application of Article 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author proposes to the expert community a number of specific legal and technical solutions to the problem of the unreasonably widespread application of art. 210 of the CC RF, including: using judicial control over the conformity of the legal entity with the goals of its creation and removing unreasonable restrictions when deciding whether there is a reason for initiating a criminal case under art. 210 CC RF in relation to owners, beneficiaries and heads of organizations, if the latter is charged with creating a legal entity for the purpose of committing a grave or especially grave crime; legislative limitation of the range of grave and especially grave crimes for the commission of which a criminal community (criminal organization) can be created; consolidation in the criminal law of the concept of creating a criminal community (criminal organization) in the form of a legal entity that does not belong to the state and municipal sectors, on the basis of the exceptional character of the criminal purpose of creating such a person.
EFFICIENCY OF DRYING AND CALCINING OF WELDING ELECTRODES IN FURNACES USING RADIATION FROM NANOSTRUCTURED FUNCTIONAL CERAMICS (NFC)
Authors:   Institute of Materials Science, SPA “Physics-sun”, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, SAIDOV RUSTAM ,   Andijan Machine-Building Institute, Andijan, Republic of Uzbekistan,   Fergana University, Fergana, Republic of Uzbekistan, RAKHIMOV RUSTAM , YUSUPOV BEKZOD , KHOLDOROV MUHAMMAD
Published: October 2020

This article presents the results of research on the influence of various methods of drying and calcining welding electrodes coated with acid-rutile type standard technology in electric furnaces and in furnaces using nanostructured functional ceramics (NFC) radiation on the welding and technological properties of welding electrodes. According to the results of research, the improvement of welding and technological properties during the drying and calcining of welding electrodes in a furnace using radiation with NFC was revealed. Calcination of welding electrodes using NFC radiation allows to obtain high-quality welding and technological properties of coatings without the use of natural drying after coating the welding wire. This makes it possible to perform heat treatment of welding electrodes with great savings in power consumption and reduced calcination time compared to standard technology.
COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE STRUCTURAL APPEARANCE OF TRANSMISSION SHAFTS MADE USING COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, Russian Federation, EREMIN VALENTIN , BOLSHIKH ALEXANDER , SHKURIN MAKSIM
Published: October 2020

This computational and experimental work is dedicated to the development of promising designs of vehicle drive shafts made of polymer composite materials. The paper analyzes the existing models of drive shafts vehicles and substantiates the use of a carbon-fiber drive shaft with titanium tips. A manufacturing technology for such a product is also presented. Evaluation of structure performance under the action of ultimate loads was carried out by the finite element method considering anisotropic properties of reinforced materials. Prototypes of composite drive shafts were produced for further laboratory tests. According to the tests results, the drive shafts withstands a greater torsional moment than the calculated one. As a result, it was decided to install them on a racing vehicle for carrying out field tests. During the field tests of the composite drive shaft, the mounting structure between titanium tip and composite tube was destroyed. During the full-scale tests there were no loads exceeding 60% of the calculated ones, therefore, the main cause of structural failure is fatigue failure. The next stage of the research was the development of a design that is resistant to long-term cyclic loads and has sufficient reliability. This design was designed, manufactured and tested in the framework of field tests.
INFLUENCE OF THE BASICITY INDEX ON WELDING ELECTRODE COATINGS ON THEIR WELDING AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors:   Institute of Materials Science, SPA “Physics-Sun”, Academy of Science of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, SAIDOV RUSTAM , SONG YONG-WON , RAKHIMOVA FATIMA , ABRALOV MUZAFAR
Published: October 2020

At this article presented the results of researches on studying of influence of basicity index BI of the electrode coating and the Melting Temperature Tm of the slag of electrode coatings consisting of a two-component CaO-SiO2 oxide system and ore-mineral raw materials of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the welding and technological properties of the welding electrodes. The relationship between these indicators was determined, the strength of linear correlation of which was estimated using the coefficient of determination R2. The influence of the BI value on such properties of the welding electrode as the breaking length of the arc, the formation of the deposited metal, and the formation of a visor or cover at the end of the electrode is established. Based on the research results, recommendations for the basicity index BI of the electrode coating were identified, which can be used in the development of electrode coating compositions for their effective impact on the welding and technological properties of welding electrodes.
Assessment of the impact of capital cost recovery on the international tax competitiveness of OECD countries and Ukraine
Authors:   SE “Institute for Economics and Forecasting of NAS of Ukraine”, FROLOVA Nataliya
Published: October 2020

The article presents an assessment of the impact of capital cost recovery policies of the OECD countries and Ukraine on their international tax competitiveness, based on a comparison of the treatments of investment in machinery, buildings, and intangibles that a business can recover through the tax code via depreciation. The rating of the international tax competitiveness of the OECD countries and Ukraine is based on the standardized capital allowances. Although the assessment of international tax competitiveness is expressed by the only indicator, such as capital allowances, it serves to prove that international tax competition is responded not only by reducing tax rates but also by defining a business tax base. According to the results of the study, the dominant position in the ranking of the OECD countries is occupied by countries that are able to recover higher costs of capital investments (over 68%). These countries are characterized by particularly high (by international standards) capital allowances for equipment and intangibles (over 82%). Unfortunately, due to the lack of tax harmonization of the Ukrainian tax system, specifically its treatment of capital allowances, with the EU and OECD countries, Ukraine falls behind in the ranking of international tax competitiveness. Thus, in order to enhance the competitiveness of the domestic corporate income tax system, Ukraine's treatment of capital investments in core assets, especially buildings and intangibles, should be improved and brought in line with both modern Ukrainian socio-economic realities and the capital cost recovery provisions accepted in the OECD.
Trends in the transformation of Bretton-Wood organizations in global space
Authors:   National Institute for Strategic Studies, KOLOSOVA Viktoriia
Published: October 2020

The article highlights the historical aspects and preconditions for the creation of the International Monetary Fund (the IMF) and the World Bank, which since 1944 have been the most influential international financial organizations and have played the role of the world's largest creditors. The essence of the transformations of their activity caused by the phenomena of the new economic reality is revealed. The solution to the problems of financial stability on a global scale in the postwar period by the United States and the newly created the IMF was to peg national currencies to the US dollar in the Fund's arbitration. The events related to the crisis of the Bretton Woods system of single fixed exchange rates and the irreversible disruptions in the world circulation of oil and its derivatives in the 1970s were important reasons for changing the principles of the world monetary and financial system towards the introduction of free exchange. At the same time, due to the intensification of domestic trade and investment, there were abrupt outpacing transformations of the economies of the south-eastern part of the Asian continent. Following the irreversible events involving the collapse of the socialist camp, support for reform programs in transition economies has been added to the IMF's targets. The activities of the World Bank under the impact of these total changes were also significantly renewed. Further, the IMF and the World Bank began to work more closely, integrating anti-crisis approaches and measures, while remaining a universally recognized instrument of stabilization in the global dimension. The activities of the Bretton Woods organizations are aimed at assisting the governments of developing countries in implementing market economic policies to protect the rights of all forms of ownership, modernize institutional structures, achieve financial balance, and improve the social situation of all segments of the population. It is concluded that in order to ensure sustainable development, the strategic renewal of the IMF and the World Bank provides for the expansion of quotas to support structural reform programs, improve the allocation of credit and financial resources, support opportunities to meet the needs of socio-economic systems, develop human capital and efforts for solving macroeconomic problems, etc. The directions of impact of these international financial institutions on solving actual problems concerning climate change, displays of corruption, overcoming inequality, resistance to threats of destabilization, struggle against a pandemic of a coronavirus disease of COVID-19 are defined.
Decentralized but Globally Coordinated Biodiversity Data
Authors: Sterner Beckett W. , Gilbert Edward E. , Franz Nico M.
Published: October 2020

Centralized biodiversity data aggregation is too often failing societal needs due to pervasive and systemic data quality deficiencies. We argue for a novel approach that embodies the spirit of the Web (“small pieces loosely joined”) through the decentralized coordination of data across scientific languages and communities. The upfront cost of decentralization can be offset by the long-term benefit of achieving sustained expert engagement, higher-quality data products, and ultimately more societal impact for biodiversity data. Our decentralized approach encourages the emergence and evolution of multiple self-identifying communities of practice that are regionally, taxonomically, or institutionally localized. Each community is empowered to control the social and informational design and versioning of their local data infrastructures and signals. With no single aggregator to exert centralized control over biodiversity data, decentralization generates loosely connected networks of mid-level aggregators. Global coordination is nevertheless feasible through automatable data sharing agreements that enable efficient propagation and translation of biodiversity data across communities. The decentralized model also poses novel integration challenges, among which the explicit and continuous articulation of conflicting systematic classifications and phylogenies remain the most challenging. We discuss the development of available solutions, challenges, and outline next steps: the global effort of coordination should focus on developing shared languages for data signal translation, as opposed to homogenizing the data signal itself.
Childhood Vascular Tumors
Authors: Hinen Harriet Bagnal , Boccuto Luigi , Trenor Cameron C. , Wine Lee Lara
Published: October 2020

Vascular tumors in pediatric patients are an important entity for the clinician to recognize and correctly diagnose. They may present at birth or develop at any point during infancy, childhood, or adolescence. Most are benign, but even benign lesions may have significant morbidity without proper intervention. Malignant vascular tumors are also rarely seen in the pediatric population, and may be associated with various syndromes.
Investigating Social Contextual Factors in Remaining-Time Predictive Process Monitoring—A Survival Analysis Approach
Authors: Ogunbiyi Niyi , Basukoski Artie , Chaussalet Thierry
Published: October 2020

Predictive process monitoring aims to accurately predict a variable of interest (e.g., remaining time) or the future state of the process instance (e.g., outcome or next step). The quest for models with higher predictive power has led to the development of a variety of novel approaches. However, though social contextual factors are widely acknowledged to impact the way cases are handled, as yet there have been no studies which have investigated the impact of social contextual features in the predictive process monitoring framework. These factors encompass the way humans and automated agents interact within a particular organisation to execute process-related activities. This paper seeks to address this problem by investigating the impact of social contextual features in the predictive process monitoring framework utilising a survival analysis approach. We propose an approach to censor an event log and build a survival function utilising the Weibull model, which enables us to explore the impact of social contextual factors as covariates. Moreover, we propose an approach to predict the remaining time of an in-flight process instance by using the survival function to estimate the throughput time for each trace, which is then used with the elapsed time to predict the remaining time for the trace. The proposed approach is benchmarked against existing approaches using five real-life event logs and it outperforms these approaches.
Implication of Urochloa spp. Intercropping and Conservation Agriculture on Soil Microbiological Quality and Yield of Tahiti Acid Lime in Long Term Orchard Experiment
Authors: Arantes Ana Carolina Costa , Cotta Simone Raposo , Conceição Patrícia Marluci da , Meneghin Silvana Perissatto , Martinelli Rodrigo , Próspero Alexandre Gonçalves , Boaretto Rodrigo Marcelli , Andreote Fernando Dini , Mattos-Jr. Dirceu , Azevedo Fernando Alves de
Published: October 2020

Techniques such as intercropping and minimum tillage improve soil quality, including soil microbial activity, which stimulates the efficient use of soil resources by plants. However, the effects of such practices in soil under citrus orchards have not been well characterized. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of mowing and intercrop species on soil microbiological characteristics beneath a Tahiti acid lime orchard. The orchard was planted using minimum tillage and intercropped with two species of Urochloa species (U. ruziziensis—ruzi grass; U. decumbens—signal grass), with two types of mowers for Urochloa biomass (ecological; conventional) and herbicide applications. The study was conducted over 10 years. The ecological mower made the largest deposition of the intercrop biomass, thus providing the lowest disturbance of soil microbial activity and increasing, on average over all 10 years, the basal soil respiration (45%), microbial biomass carbon (25%), abundance of 16S rRNA (1.5%) and ITS (3.5%) genes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (30%), and providing a ca. 20% higher fruit yield. U. ruziziensis in combination with ecological mowing stimulated the abundance of the genes nifH (1.5%) and phoD (3.0%). The herbicide showed little influence. We conclude that the use of U. ruziziensis as an intercrop in citrus orchards subjected to ecological mowing can be recommended for improving and sustaining soil quality and citrus fruit production.
Effect of Hot-Air and Freeze-Drying on the Quality Attributes of Dried Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Arils During Long-Term Cold Storage of Whole Fruit
Authors: Adetoro Adegoke Olusesan , Opara Umezuruike Linus , Fawole Olaniyi Amos
Published: October 2020

This study investigated the effect of hot-air and freeze-drying on the physicochemical, phytochemical and antioxidant capacity of dried pomegranate arils during long-term cold storage (7 ± 0.3 °C, with 92 ± 3% relative humidity) of whole fruit over a single experiment. Extracted arils were processed at monthly intervals during 12 weeks of cold storage of whole fruit. After the 12-week storage period, hot-air and freeze-dried arils showed the least (3.02) and highest (23.6) total colour difference (TCD), respectively. Hot-air dried arils also contained 46% more total soluble solids (TSS) than freeze-dried arils. During the storage of pomegranate fruit, total phenolic content (TPC) steadily increased from 20.9 to 23.9 mg GAE/100 mL and total anthocyanin content (TAC) increased from 6.91 to 8.77 mg C3gE /100 mL. Similarly, an increase in TPC and TAC were observed for hot-air (9.3%; 13%) and freeze-dried arils (5%; 5%), respectively. However, the radical scavenging activity (RSA) reduced by 8.5 and 17.4% for hot-air and freeze-dried arils, respectively, after 12 weeks of cold storage. Overall, the parameters such as colour, TPC and TAC as well as the lower degradation in RSA stability during storage showed distinct differences in quality when using the freeze-drying method, which is, therefore, recommended.
Phenolic Compounds Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of Monocultivar Olive Oils from Northeast Algeria
Authors: Boussahel Soulef , Di Stefano Vita , Muscarà Claudia , Cristani Mariateresa , Melilli Maria Grazia
Published: October 2020

In Algeria, the olive tree is one of the main fruit species and plays a very important socioeconomic role. The objective of this study was firstly, to identify and quantify the phenolics of some Algerian olive oils, and secondly, to assess the antioxidant activity of the samples. The olive oils used in this study were derived from Algerian cultivars, including Tefahi, Gelb Elfarroudj, Chemlal, and imported cultivar Manzanilla and Zebboudj. For this purpose, gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify olive oil fatty acids profile, while the individual phenolic compounds were assessed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HESI-MS). To verify the antioxidant capacity, five in vitro free radical assays were used. Questionable values of particular physico-chemical parameters, such as the high value of free acidity and the low concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in oil from the Zebboudj cultivar, indicate that improvements in olive cultivation and oil production practices are needed. Gelb Elfarroudj, Tefahi, and Manzanilla oils contain quantities of monounsaturated fatty acids in accordance with EU regulations. The oil obtained from the Zebboudj cultivar is not usable for food purposes due to the high value in free acidity and the low concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids. Tefahi and Manzanilla cultivars have given oils with the best antioxidant activity as compared to other studied cultivars; this is attributable to their composition in bioactive phenolic compounds, such as secoiridoids, which play an important role in human health as scavengers of free radicals. The results are interesting for producers and consumers to promote the culture of olive oils derived in particular from the Tefahi cultivar. However, in order to improve the health qualities of this oil, the agronomic techniques essentially linked to the time of harvesting of the olives destined for oil production must be improved.
The Effect of the Long-Term Cold Storage and Preservatives on Senescence of Cut Herbaceous Peony Flowers
Authors: Skutnik Ewa , Rabiza-Świder Julita , Jędrzejuk Agata , Łukaszewska Aleksandra
Published: October 2020

Recently peonies have become very popular cut flowers. As peony flowering period is short, long term cold storage could assure its prolonged supply and make long distance transport feasible. The effect of dry cold storage, of 8-hydroxyquinoline and nanosilver preservatives on the peony keeping qualities were tested on the most popular cultivar ‘Sarah Bernhardt’. The 12 week storage (0–1 °C) shortened flower longevity by 20%, to 8 days and no vascular blockages in the shoots were observed. However, the presence of callose, not considered as a blocking factor, was evident. The sucrose-containing preservatives with either 8-hydroxyquinoline or nanosilver did not extend the flower longevity but they increased flower diameters in both fresh and stored material. Generally, the soluble total and reducing sugars increased in senescing flowers in both non-stored and stored flowers, and they were lower after storage. The free proline increased ca. 20-times during cold storage and at the end of the vase life it remained generally higher in the stored than in fresh flowers. The level of hydrogen peroxide dropped after 12 weeks storage and its contents at the end of the vase life differed depending on the holding solution. Generally it was lower after storage. Storage increased the catalase activity which remained on higher levels in stored flowers from all holding solutions as compared to freshly cut flowers. A five-fold reduction in the peroxidase activity occurred during storage but its activities at the end of the vase life were similar in stored and non-stored flowers. The effects of nanosilver and 8-hydroxyquinoline were similar.
Deficit Irrigation and Its Implications for HydroSOStainable Almond Production
Authors: García-Tejero Iván Francisco , Lipan Leontina , Gutiérrez-Gordillo Saray , Durán Zuazo Víctor Hugo , Jančo I. , Hernández F. , Cárceles Rodríguez Belén , Carbonell-Barrachina Ángel Antonio
Published: October 2020

Deficit irrigation (DI) strategies are considered essential in many arid and semi-arid areas of Mediterranean countries for proper water management under drought conditions. This fact is even more necessary in crops such as almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.), which in the last recent years has been progressively introduced in irrigated areas. An essential aspect to be considered would be the ability to improve fruit-quality parameters when DI strategies are imposed, which can boost the final almond price and ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of this crop. This work examines the effects of sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) on three almond cultivars (Marta, Guara, and Lauranne) on parameters related to almond functionality, aroma and sensory profile, which consequently influence its marketability and consumers acceptance. SDI strategies allowed the improvement of physical parameters such as unit weight, kernel length, kernel thickness or color. Moreover, higher total phenolic compounds, organic acids and sugars were found in SDI almonds. Finally, the highest concentrations of volatile compounds were obtained under SDI, this being a clear advantage in relation to almond flavor. Thus, moderate SDI strategy offered relevant improvements in parameters regarding the marketability, by enhancing the final added value of hydroSOStainable almonds with respect to those cultivated under full irrigation conditions.
Meta-Analysis of Strategies to Reduce NH3 Emissions from Slurries in European Agriculture and Consequences for Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Emmerling Christoph , Krein Andreas , Junk Jürgen
Published: October 2020

The intensification of livestock production, to accommodate rising human population, has led to a higher emission of ammonia into the environment. For the reduction of ammonia emissions, different management steps have been reported in most EU countries. Some authors, however, have criticized such individual measures, because attempts to abate the emission of ammonia may lead to significant increases in either methane, nitrous oxide, or carbon dioxide. In this study, we carried out a meta-analysis of experimental European data published in peer-reviewed journals to evaluate the impact of major agricultural management practices on ammonia emissions, including the pollution swapping effect. The result of our meta-analysis showed that for the treatment, storage, and application stages, only slurry acidification was effective for the reduction of ammonia emissions (−69%), and had no pollution swapping effect with other greenhouse gases, like nitrous oxide (−21%), methane (−86%), and carbon dioxide (−15%). All other management strategies, like biological treatment, separation strategies, different storage types, the concealing of the liquid slurry with different materials, and variable field applications were effective to varying degrees for the abatement of ammonia emission, but also resulted in the increased emission of at least one other greenhouse gas. The strategies focusing on the decrease of ammonia emissions neglected the consequences of the emissions of other greenhouse gases. We recommend a combination of treatment technologies, like acidification and soil incorporation, and/or embracing emerging technologies, such as microbial inhibitors and slow release fertilizers.
Effect of Tourist Activities on Fecal and Salivary Glucocorticoids and Immunoglobulin A in Female Captive Asian Elephants in Thailand
Authors: Kosaruk Worapong , Brown Janine L. , Plangsangmas Tithipong , Towiboon Patcharapa , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak , Silva-Fletcher Ayona , Thitaram Chatchote , Khonmee Jaruwan , Edwards Katie L. , Somgird Chaleamchat
Published: October 2020

Asian elephants have been an important part of wildlife ecotourism in Thailand for over two decades. Elephants in tourist camps are exposed to a variety of management styles and daily activities that can potentially affect health and welfare. This study investigated relationships between a novel welfare biomarker, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and daily camp activities, and compared results to glucocorticoid (GC) measures. Often no-riding camps are portrayed as providing better welfare than camps that offer riding. Therefore, we predicted that elephants at no-riding camps would have lower GC and higher IgA concentrations, and a low GC/IgA ratio. Forty-four female elephants from six elephant camps were divided into three groups based on riding activities: saddle-riding, bareback-riding, and no-riding. Fecal and salivary samples were collected monthly for 1 year along with evaluations of body condition, foot health, and wounding. Camp environment and management varied among camps, although the major difference was in riding activities. Concentrations of GCs and IgA varied among the working groups, but not always consistently between sample matrices. Overall fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations were lowest in the saddle-riding group. Only in one bareback-riding camp did the elephants exhibit a potentially positive welfare response with a low GC/IgA ratio over time. Other results varied between the two biomarkers, with considerable variability across camps, suggesting there is more to good welfare than whether elephants participate in riding or not. Several other human-induced stressors, like chaining, ankus use, and limited social opportunities are likely to be impacting well-being and should be considered to ensure management practices meet physical and psychological welfare needs.
“HerdGPS-Preprocessor”—A Tool to Preprocess Herd Animal GPS Data; Applied to Evaluate Contact Structures in Loose-Housing Horses
Authors: Salau Jennifer , Hildebrandt Frederik , Czycholl Irena , Krieter Joachim
Published: October 2020

Sensors delivering information on the position of farm animals have been widely used in precision livestock farming. Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors are already known from applications in military, private and commercial environments, and their application in animal science is increasing. However, as trade-offs between sensor cost, battery life and sensor weight have to be made, GPS based studies scheduling long data collection periods and including a high number of animals, have to deal with problems like high hardware costs and data disruption during recharging of sensors. Furthermore, human–animal interaction due to sensor changing at the end of battery life interferes with the animal behaviour under analysis. The present study thus proposes a setting to deal with these challenges and offers the software tool “HerdGPS-Preprocessor”, because collecting position data from multiple animals nonstop for several weeks produces a high amount of raw data which needs to be sorted, preprocessed and provided in a suitable format per animal and day. The software tool “HerdGPS-Preprocessor” additionally outputs contact lists to enable a straight analysis of animal contacts. The software tool was exemplarily deployed for one month of daily and continuous GPS data of 40 horses in a loose-housing boarding facility in northern Germany. Contact lists were used to generate separate networks for every hour, which are then analysed with regard to the network parameter density, diameter and clique structure. Differences depending on the day and the day time could be observed. More dense networks with more and larger cliques were determined in the hours prior to the opening of additional pasture.