bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Envisioning a Sustainable, Resilient Tourism Future
Authors: Elliot Statia , Chris Choi Hwansuk , Zolfaghari Alireza
Published: January 2025

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, many studies have explored the impact and implications of this global crisis on tourism. This article, however, takes a unique approach by conducting a thematic review of more than 300 studies published on the Web of Science database during the pandemic,
generating 12 topic clusters. With a strong focus on sustainability, the study’s objective is to encapsulate and present the responsibilities of tourism professionals, the desired behavior of tourists and host communities, and the research agenda for a more regenerative, resilient future
for tourism. The overarching message that emerges from this in-depth analysis is one of change. The findings challenge all stakeholders to prioritize traveler safety, value the workforce, invest in technology, and adopt inclusive and sustainable approaches to product development based on lessons
learned during the pandemic. Crucially, the article underscores the need for collaboration among all stakeholders, as it is only through collective action that a new, resilient path forward for tourism can be forged.
Meningkatkan Higher Order Thinking Skills Peserta Didik melalui Pengembangan Skenario Pembelajaran Berbasis Saintifik
Authors: Setyowati Ririn , Rahma Rista Utami Novia
Published: January 2025

Hasil survey PISA pada tahun 2015 dan 2018 mengalami penurunan yang menunjukkan bahwa Higher Order Thinking Skills peserta didik belum optimal sehingga diperlukan pengembangan skenario pembelajaran yang lebih efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mendiskripsikan karakteristik skenario pembelajaran berbasis saintifik, (2) pengembangan skenario pembelajaran berbasis saintifik, dan (3) mengetahui keefektifan skenario pembelajaran berbasis saintifik untuk meningkatkan HOTS peserta didik. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini menggunakan metode modifikasi Sukmadinata dan Thiagajaran, et al. yang terdiri dari fase define, design, development dan disseminate. Subjek penelitian merupakan peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri di Kabuapaten Ngawi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes HOTS dan angket respon guru dan peserta didik. Teknik analisis data HOTS menggunakan Independent Sample T-Test berdasarkan gain score pretest dan posttest pada kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Hasil analisis gain score menunjukkan taraf signifikansi 0,019 kurang dari α = 0,05 sehingga H0 ditolak yang berarti terdapat perbedaan HOTS peserta didik pada kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan skenario pembelajaran berbasis saintifik dapat meningkatkan HOTS peserta didik kelas IV di SD Negeri Kabupaten Ngawi
A adaptive learning strategies in open and distance eLearning: Opportunities and challenges for quality assurance
Authors: Sebopelo Phineas
Published: January 2025

The chapter is premised on the ever-changing landscape of distance learning and the infusion of the e-learning aspect into the teaching and learning strategies. The adoption of adaptive learning strategies necessitated institutions to deliver custom learning experiences that address the unique needs of individual students.

The chapter points to the importance of institutions adopting a variety of adaptive learning strategies such as personalized learning, automated feedback, visualized learning, to enhance the student learning experience rather than assuming a one-fits-all-all experience.
The book chapter highlights challenges that impede institutions in adopting adaptive Learning Strategies.

The chapter underscores the point that at the core of Higher education institutions is the need to address challenges and threats to the quality of education by adopting efficient instructional strategies for Adaptive learning.

The book also suggests strategies to mitigate against challenges that impede the adoption of adaptive learning strategies.
Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Sejarah: Analisis Perkembangan Sistem Pendidikan di Berbagai Peradaban
Authors: Widodo
Published: January 2025

This article aims to analyze the development of education systems in various civilizations from a historical perspective, focusing on how education developed and was influenced by social, cultural, political, and economic conditions in each period so that policy makers and society in general can design a better future for education. This research uses the historical method with a focus on collecting, analyzing, and interpreting historical sources relevant to the development of education systems in various civilizations. Researchers will explore archives, manuscripts, documents and other historical evidence to trace how education systems developed in the context of a particular time and place. The results show that although there are variations in educational approaches between civilizations, there are similarities in the role of education as a tool to maintain and expand power, as well as to adapt to social and technological change. The education system also reflects the social hierarchy that existed at the time, where access to education was often limited to certain elites or classes. It is hoped that this research will bring an understanding of the history of education essential for developing a more inclusive and adaptive education system in the present, taking into account the historical legacies that shape current educational patterns.
SUBSTANTIATION OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REDUCING THE DOWNTIME OF EQUIPMENT WHILE WAITING FOR EVACUATION, THROUGH APPROPRIATE DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN REPAIR AND RESTORATION UNITS
Authors: Rakhmanyi O. , Kostiuk I.
Published: January 2025

In today's dynamic battles, where quick response and precise actions are the key to victory, optimizing the process of evacuating damaged equipment from the combat zone is of paramount importance. Effective management of this process can make a dramatic difference, ensuring the safety of personnel, minimizing the loss of equipment and preserving the combat power of our troops.
In the ever-changing landscape of modern warfare, optimizing the evacuation of equipment is not only an operational necessity, but also a moral imperative. By simplifying this process, we protect our personnel, conserve resources, and ensure that our forces remain at peak combat strength, which ultimately contributes to victory on the battlefield.
However, a thorough assessment of the existing repair system during Russia's war against Ukraine revealed a critical flaw: damaged equipment suffers excessive downtime due to inefficient task allocation between repair units.
This state of affairs indicates the existence of an inappropriate distribution of the capabilities of repair and restoration units between the actual number of people who need to evacuate damaged weapons and equipment, which subsequently leads to significant delays in its evacuation and restoration and entails delays in restoring the combat capability of troops (forces).
Reducing the downtime of equipment damaged in combat is a critical task for ensuring the combat capability of troops. The sooner the damaged equipment is evacuated from the combat zone and repaired, the sooner it can return and restore its combat potential.
Thus, for the first time, using the improved model of the RMMO with waiting, the article substantiates recommendations for reducing the total evacuation time of disabled weapons and military equipment by changing the approaches to the distribution of evacuation means between repair and restoration units. The application of these proposals made it possible to reduce the waiting time for evacuation by 35.7% of the total evacuation time, which can be used as an example in further research to develop practical recommendations for the appropriate distribution of mobile means of repair and maintenance of military equipment.
SUBSTITUTION OF OPTIMIZATION CRITERIA FOR UAV INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF OUTPUT INFORMATION
Authors: Sydorenko R. , Sotnikov O. , Kozhushko Yа. , Babenko D.
Published: January 2025

The use of UAVs with combined navigation systems during the repulsion of large-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation was analyzed. The models of description of information features for correlation-extreme navigation systems were analyzed. The characteristics of different types of objects and backgrounds of the sighting surface were determined. The general principles that determine the description of the sighting surface of any type were formulated. It was shown that current images formed using informative features should be described using the same indicator. An approach to describing the sighting surface through brightness was developed, separately for each channel of correlation-extreme navigation systems, which are formed by information sensors. Analytical expressions for the current image in each information sensor of correlation-extreme navigation systems are given. The results of numerical modeling of brightness and contrast distributions for a randomly selected section of the sighting surface are given. The results of numerical modeling of correlation analysis fields of brightness, contrast and fractal dimension for selected objects on the viewing surface are presented. The results of numerical modeling were analyzed and conclusions were drawn on its basis regarding the dependence of information features on changes in UAV navigation parameters and the influence of obstacles.
The dependence of information features on changes in UAV navigation parameters and interference effects is confirmed. This means that the formation of a set of reference images taking into account the navigation and angular parameters of the UAV orientation and the influence of interference is possible in accordance with the selected information features. But minimizing the number of fragments of reference images in the set requires determining the degree of coincidence of the compared images, which necessitates solving the problem of determining this indicator and its thresholds, the use of which will ensure the formation of a unimodal decision function, or a decision function with several maxima, the use of which in further processing will ensure the determination of the global maximum of the decision function. The results obtained can be used for further development and optimization of subsystems for detecting and processing information and forming UAV control signals in difficult interference conditions. They can be useful for creating new approaches to increasing the accuracy and probability of location of modern and promising air attack means produced by the state.
ANALYSIS OF A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF TEST DATASETS FOR TRAINING UAV SWARMS UNDER DYNAMIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Dmіtriiev O. , Chimbanga E.
Published: January 2025

The article addresses the issue of generating test datasets for the training of swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) under complex and dynamic operational conditions, which are in constant change. The study emphasises the necessity of considering various factors, including the presence of obstacles, terrain features, and challenges associated with the lack of a stable GPS signal. Proper test dataset formation ensures swarm reliability and combat effectiveness by enabling training algorithms to pre-emptively account for diverse scenarios.
The analysis of existing methods highlights three main directions. Firstly, clustering techniques (e.g. K-means, DBSCAN) enable the automatic grouping of numerous potential scenarios, identification of typical and rare conditions, and avoidance of data duplication that does not contribute to broader scenario coverage. Secondly, the application of genetic algorithms facilitates the search for globally optimal parameter configurations, taking into account the multidimensional nature of the problem (simultaneous changes in UAV positioning, variability of weather conditions, and various types of obstacles). This approach helps identify critical combinations of factors that are often overlooked by other methods. Thirdly, machine learning methods (including neural networks, support vector machines, and multi-agent reinforcement learning) equip swarms with the ability to adaptively 'learn' from historical data, respond to new types of threats, and predict future developments.
The article proposes a comprehensive approach that integrates the advantages of clustering, genetic algorithms, and machine learning. Initially, clustering is employed to structure a broad range of scenarios, categorising them from the simplest to the most complex conditions. At the next stage, genetic algorithms analyse each cluster, identifying key scenario parameters that could reduce swarm performance. Simultaneously, machine learning methods enable the development of adaptive models capable of promptly adjusting their behaviour based on obtained results. This approach ensures a balanced test dataset that encompasses both typical and non-trivial cases, thereby facilitating more flexible and informed configuration of swarm control systems.
The practical significance of this approach lies in the substantial enhancement of the combat readiness of UAV swarms. These swarms are able to learn to perform effectively under predictable conditions and to acquire the necessary skills to operate in complex scenarios with limited resources. Future research will focus on improving the process of forming adaptive and test datasets to ensure high combat readiness of UAV swarms. This approach will substantially mitigate risks during combat missions and maximise the potential of swarms in challenging and rapidly changing environments.
Transformando Biomassa em Energia: Oportunidades Sustentáveis para o Brasil
Authors: Peleteiro Diogo de , Ferreira Lorena , Andrade Cássio Henrique , Rosa Licianne Pimentel Santa , Damasceno Laio
Published: January 2025

A pirolise de biomassa para obtenção de bio-óleo tem se tornado uma opção viável como alternativa ao petróleo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo pesquisar de forma bibliográfica o efeito do rendimento da pirolise em relação a diferentes tipos de biomassa e reatores assim levantar a possibilidade de possíveis fontes de biomassa para Brasil de acordo com a sua produção regional, com desenvolvimento de tabelas e gráficos através de dados obtidos oriundas de pesquisas. Sendo possível observar que dentre os estudo analisados a serragem, casca de arroz, sabugo de milho, sabugo da palha de milho, fibra de juta e resíduos da cana-de-açúcar foram às biomassas que apresentaram rendimentos superiores a 50% e que a região a que Sudeste apresenta o maior potencial de produção em cadeia nacional no cultivo do bagaço/palha da cana-de-açúcar, biomassa que se destaca com um dos maiores rendimentos estudados.
AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO DE SARCOPENIA EM PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS TIPO 2
Authors: Chinchette Ana Luísa , Peres Giovanna Suriani , Soares Thasila Vitória dos Santos , Souza Wallison da Silva
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Realizar a análise nas bases de dados e a criação de uma ação educativa em uma escola voltada para a faixa etária de 12 à 16 anos sobre o tema. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica da literatura, foi realizada busca avançada em base de dados baseada nos Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS) indexados, sendo eles: Sarcopenia, vulnerabilidade, isolados ou de forma combinada com a utilização dos operadores booleanos AND, OR e NOT. Os critérios de inclusão considerados foram: Periódicos e publicações nacionais e internacionais, disponíveis em texto completo publicadas no período de 2018 a 2024. Resultados: Obtiveram-se 6 publicações de acordo com os critérios descritos no método publicadas nos anos de 2019 a 2024.Na sequência após a leitura minuciosa dos títulos e dos resumos foram excluídas 23 citações por não atenderem os objetivos do estudo e por não contemplarem o critério de inclusão. Para contextualização deste estudo foram selecionadas 6 referências que foram analisadas segundo o título, autoria, ano, periódico ou livro, bases de dados e objetivos. Conclusão:Esse cuidado é especialmente crítico quando consideramos a sarcopenia, caracterizada pela perda de massa muscular e força, e o Diabetes Mellitus, gerando uma síndrome metabólica resultante da falta ou insuficiência de insulina. Essas condições agravam ainda mais a síndrome de fragilidade, que envolve a redução progressiva dos sistemas biológicos dos idosos, aumentando a vulnerabilidade e os problemas clínicos dessa parcela da população.
Excess Ultraviolet Emission at High Galactic Latitudes: A New Horizons View
Authors: Murthy Jayant , Shull J. Michael , Postman Marc , Parker Joel Wm. , Redfield Seth , Cunningham Nathaniel , Gladstone G. Randall , Pineau Jon P. , Brandt Pontus , Verbiscer Anne J. , Singer Kelsi N. , Weaver Harold A. , Henry Richard C. , Stern S. Alan
Published: January 2025

We present new observations of the cosmic ultraviolet background (CUVB) at high Galactic latitudes (∣b∣ > 40∘), made using the Alice UV spectrograph on board the New Horizons spacecraft. These observations were taken at about 57 au from the Sun, outside much of the foreground emission affecting previous missions, and allowed a new determination of the spectrum of the CUVB between 912–1100 Å and 1400–1800 Å. We found a linear correlation between the CUVB and the Planck E(B − V) with offsets at zero-reddening of 221 ± 11 photon units at 1000 Å and 264 ± 24 photon units at 1500 Å (4.4 ± 0.2 nW m−2 sr−1 at 1000 Å and 5.3 ± 0.5 nW m−2 sr−1 at 1500 Å). The former is the first firm detection of the offset in the range 912–1100 Å while the latter result confirms previous results from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer, showing that there is little emission from the solar system from 1400 to 1800 Å. About half of the offset may be explained by known sources (the integrated light of unresolved galaxies, unresolved stars, emission from ionized gas, and two-photon emission from warm hydrogen in the halo) with the source of the remaining emission as yet unidentified. There is no detectable emission below the Lyman limit with an upper limit of 3.2 ± 3.0 photon units.
The Influence of General Relativity on the Spins of Celestial Bodies in Inclined Orbits
Authors: Yuan Huan-Rong , Wang Ying , Wu Xin , Xie Ji-Wei , Liu Hui-Gen , Zhou Ji-Lin , Sun Wei
Published: January 2025

Through the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, several hot Jupiters have been found to exhibit spin–orbit misalignment and even retrograde orbits. The high obliquity observed in these planets can be attributed to two primary formation mechanisms, as summarized in the existing literature. First, the host star's spin becomes misaligned with the planetary disk during the late stages of star formation, primarily due to chaotic accretion and magnetic interactions between the star and the planetary disk. Second, the orbital inclination of an individual planet can be excited by dynamical processes such as planet–planet scattering, the Lidov–Kozai cycle, and secular chaos within the framework of Newtonian mechanics. This study introduces a third mechanism, where, within the framework of general relativity, the post-Newtonian spin–orbit coupling term induces precession of the host star's spin around the orbital angular momentum. The orbital inclination, relative to a reference plane, can expand the range of deviation in the spatial orientation of the bodies’ spins from the plane's normal. The varying amplitude and period of spin precession for both the star and the planet are derived theoretically, and the results, which can be applied without restriction, agree well with numerical simulations.
Rotating Neutron Stars with Relativistic Ab Initio Calculations
Authors: Qu Xiaoying , Wang Sibo , Tong Hui
Published: January 2025

The equation of state (EOS) of extremely dense matter is crucial for understanding the properties of rotating neutron stars. Starting from the widely used realistic Bonn potentials rooted in a relativistic framework, we derive EOSs by performing state-of-the-art relativistic Brueckner–Hartree–Fock calculations in the full Dirac space. The self-consistent and simultaneous consideration of both positive- and negative-energy states (NESs) of the Dirac equation allows us to avoid the uncertainties present in calculations where NESs are treated using approximations. To manifest the impact of rotational dynamics, several structural properties of neutron stars across a wide range of rotation frequencies and up to the Keplerian limit are obtained, including the gravitational and baryonic masses, the polar and equatorial radii, and the moments of inertia. Our theoretical predictions align well with the latest astrophysical constraints from observations of massive neutron stars and joint mass–radius measurements. The maximum mass for rotating configurations can reach up to 2.93 M
⊙ for Bonn A potential, while the radius of a 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star in the nonrotating case can be extended to around 17 km through constant baryonic mass sequences. Relations with good universalities between the Keplerian frequency and static mass as well as radius are obtained, from which the radius of the black widow PSR J0952-0607 is predicted to be less than 19.58 km. Furthermore, to understand how rotation deforms the equilibrium shape of a neutron star, the eccentricity is also calculated. The approximate universality between the eccentricity at the Keplerian frequency and the gravitational mass is found.
La Libre-Réalisation de l’Arbre généalogique en contexte togolais : enjeux et perspectives cliniques
Authors: Veuillet-Combier Claudine , Bansard Nolhan , Vinay Aubeline
Published: January 2025

Cet article examine l’adaptabilité de la Libre-Réalisation de l’Arbre généalogique (LRAg) dans le contexte socioculturel togolais. En tant qu’outil projectif, la LRAg s’avère particulièrement pertinente dans une culture où les liens familiaux et communautaires jouent un rôle fondamental dans la structuration de la subjectivité et de l’identité. Cette médiation projective permet de rendre tangibles les processus conscients et inconscients de la transmission psychique.L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment la LRAg matérialise par l’acte graphique certaines dynamiques psychiques, individuelle comme groupale, tout en révélant les spécificités culturelles de la transmission au Togo. Soixante arbres généalogiques ont été recueillis dans le cadre d’une pratique clinique et d’une recherche inductive en théorisation ancrée, auprès d’une population de la même génération résidant à Lomé, répartie en deux groupes : un groupe clinique et un groupe témoin.L’analyse qualitative de ces productions graphiques a permis de dégager des indicateurs cliniques et graphiques propres aux particularités lignagères et matrimoniales de la culture togolaise. Les résultats mettent en lumière des zones de conflits psychiques aux niveaux intrapsychique, intergénérationnel et transgénérationnel. Les thèmes de l’identité, de la filiation, de l’affiliation et des rivalités entre lignage et descendance apparaissent fréquemment. De plus, les représentations généalogiques s’inscrivent dans un continuum tradi-moderne, révélant différentes tensions sociopsychiques. L’affiliation à un modèle moderne favorise l’appropriation de l’héritage et la subjectivation, tandis que dans le modèle traditionnel, la subjectivité reste subordonnée à la groupalité psychique.
Du temps circulaire au temps linéaire : médiation et processus de changement chez un enfant avec traits autistiques
Authors: Boudrant Emmanuelle , Barabé Nathalie
Published: January 2025

La participation à une activité thérapeutique permet de voir chez un enfant différentes capacités cognitives, émotionnelles et spatio-temporelles à l’œuvre. Nous avons pu constater le passage d’un abord du temps d’abord vécu comme circulaire, puis oscillant et enfin linéaire, chez un enfant de neuf ans, prématuré avec des traits autistiques, lors d’un atelier bibliothèque. Nous présentons cet enfant, son évolution au cours de l’atelier et son accès progressif à la quadri-dimensionnalité, étayé par la médiation.
« Compliqué de manger à sa faim » : la vulnérabilité alimentaire des étudiants au prisme de la presse française nationale et régionale
Authors: De Iulio Simona , Romanelli Cristina
Published: January 2025

Cet article porte sur la médiatisation de la vulnérabilité alimentaire des étudiants en France de 2013 à 2023. Il se situe dans le sillage des études qui ont montré en quoi l’alimentation est devenue une affaire publique et fait l’objet de savoirs divers mis et remis en circulation par différents acteurs sociaux et par le biais de nombreux médias. Il cherche également à contribuer à la réflexion sur les implications sociales et politiques de la désignation de certains groupes sociaux comme vulnérables. À partir d’une analyse sémio-communicationnelle d’un corpus d’articles publiés dans Le Monde et La Voix du Nord, il examine les aspects de la vulnérabilité alimentaire des étudiants mis en avant dans la presse, les témoins convoqués ainsi que les formes narratives utilisées pour rendre compte de l’expérience de l’insécurité alimentaire des jeunes adules en milieu universitaire. Les résultats de cette analyse révèlent une volonté de la presse de rendre visible la vulnérabilité alimentaire des étudiants, jusqu’alors peu publicisée dans les médias. Le mode du micro-récit est largement emprunté pour proposer une compréhension de l’expérience qu’en font les étudiants sous un registre du pathos qui permette de briser l’indifférence, mais qui est plus alarmiste qu’explicatif ou engagé.
La base de données événementielles RTM pour la connaissance des risques naturels en montagne : L’exemple du département de l’Isère (France)
Authors: Bisquert Alix , Mainieri Robin , Carladous Simon , Robert Yannick , Giacona Florie , Verry Pierre , Eckert Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Les bases de données événementielles sont importantes pour la compréhension des risques d’origine naturelle et la limitation des dommages associés. En France, en zones de montagne, les phénomènes naturels potentiellement dommageables et les enjeux sont nombreux et diversifiés, mais les bases de données recensant les informations liées aux événements du passé sont peu nombreuses. La base de données du service de Restauration des terrains de montagne de l’Office national des forêts (BD-RTM) capitalise l’information selon une approche multi-phénomènes et sur une longue période temporelle en associant une alimentation régulière par des observations directes et une compilation historique a posteriori. Cet article présente les caractéristiques principales de cette source d’information originale. À partir de l’exemple du département de l’Isère (38), celui recensant le plus d’événements sur les 12 couverts par la BD-RTM, (1) l’historique et la structure de cette base de données, notamment l’origine des données, sont présentés et (2) la richesse et la diversité des informations consignées sont illustrées. Dans la BD-RTM, 5888 événements sont recensés en Isère au 31/12/2023, dont près de 70 % sont des crues torrentielles et des glissements de terrain. Également, 85 % des événements enregistrés ont causé des dommages. Une nette augmentation dans la chronologie des événements est visible à partir des années 2000, en moyenne 85 événements sont répertoriés chaque année. Ces informations sont disponibles pour des analyses spatiales et temporelles plus approfondies : statistiques, historiques, couplages avec d’autres données, etc.
The RTM Event Database for Understanding Natural Hazards in Mountainous Regions: The Example of the Isere Department (France)
Authors: Bisquert Alix , Mainieri Robin , Carladous Simon , Robert Yannick , Giacona Florie , Verry Pierre , Eckert Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Databases of natural hazards play a crucial role for assessing related risks and in mitigating their impacts on the environment. In the mountainous regions of France, potentially destructive events are both numerous and diverse, however, only a limited number of databases containing information on past occurrences exist. The database of the RTM service (Restoration of Mountainous Areas service, BD-RTM) consolidates such information through a multi-hazard approach over an extended timeframe, integrating systematic observations and a retrospective compilation of various sources. This article outlines the key features of this unique database. Focusing on the Isère department (38), which records the highest number of events among the 12 areas covered by the BD-RTM, we present (1) the history of the database, particularly the origins of the data and its structural framework, and (2) the richness and diversity of the recorded information. On the 31st of December 2023, the BD-RTM had documented 5,888 events in the Isère department, with nearly 70% consisting of torrential floods and landslides. Furthermore, 85% of the recorded events resulted in damages. A notable increase in the frequency of events is evident from the 2000s onwards, with an average of 85 events recorded annually since that time. All the information is accessible for further spatial and temporal analyses, including statistical and historical assessments, as well as integration with other data
Application of Recycled Tires in Improving the Seismic Performance of Railway Embankments
Authors: Sadrinezhad Arezoo , Jeevanlal Bhavesh , Martinez Merced , Tehrani Fariborz M. , Fagundes Darren
Published: January 2025

Railways are a crucial component of infrastructure, enabling the rapid transportation of goods and passengers over long distances while producing fewer emissions compared to road vehicles. However, seismic events can damage railways, reducing track accessibility and raising maintenance costs for these infrastructure components. For ballasted tracks, which are the most common type of railway construction, using tire derived aggregates (TDA), which are recycled from scrap tires, in combination with ballast and/or sub-ballast particles can help reduce deformations and displacements caused by seismic activities. In this study, the application of TDA in the sub-ballast layer to reduce deformations and displacements of railway embankments caused by seismic loads is discussed. Shake table testing is used to investigate the seismic behavior of railway embankments with a sub-ballast layer consisting of sand and TDA. Then, numerical studies are utilized to estimate the optimum amount of TDA that should be added in the sub-ballast layer to improve the seismic behavior of railway embankments.
Design and Numerical Modelling of Highway Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
Authors: Kapoor Gaurav , Saini Gaurav , Zunaid Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) represent a significant advancement in harnessing wind energy, offering enhanced efficiency and adaptability. Their ability to capture wind from any direction makes them particularly suitable for urban environments and areas with unpredictable wind patterns.This study describes the design and its optimization for savonius vertical axis wind turbine for application in efficient energy generation on highways and our objective is to optimize the key parameters of design, including the blade arc angle , overlap ratio, and tip speed ratio to identify the best set of design configuration using Numerical Modelling done with the help of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study of Turbine Blade Profile and enhance efficiency indicators like power and torque coefficient to achieve an optimal level of performance. The Outcomes and key findings of this study suggested that a rotor configuration with (Ø = 130°, OR = 0.15, TSR = 1) demonstrated the highest CP of 0.473 (47.3% wind to mechanical power conversion) and a CT of 0.255 (25.5% wind to torque generation), these values suggests an enhanced performance of turbine in terms of capturing wind energy and generating torque, this provides evidence for consideration of these results while defining design criteria for the vertical axis wind turbine suitable to our application.
Exploring antifungal activity of selected medicinal plant extracts: Enhancing their efficacy through microencapsulation
Authors: Tissera A. N. , Somaratne G. , Lankathilaka W. , Sandaruwan C.
Published: January 2025

This research investigates antifungal potential of ethanolic extracts from Allium sativum (AS), Alpinia galangal (AG), and the hexane extract of Costus speciosus (CS), with a primary emphasis on preserving their stability through encapsulation. A comprehensive evaluation of three extraction methods was conducted, namely, column extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and maceration for 24 hours. Qualitative tests, such as sodium nitroprusside and lead sulfide tests, were employed to identify sulfur compounds associated with antifungal activity. Quantitative assessments included total polyphenolic content and analyses utilizing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Encapsulation was applied to extracts demonstrating antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. The subsequent characterization of encapsulated beads involved assessing particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The choice of extraction methods was guided by their efficiency, with column extraction selected for AS (4%) due to its capacity to preserve heat-sensitive compounds. Soxhlet extraction (100 ℃, 4 h) was deemed effective for AG (26%) and CS (11%) owing to higher yields. Accurate sulfur detection methods, including the lead sulfide test and XPS analysis, revealed exclusive sulfur compounds in AS. The phenolic content of AS, AG, and CS was quantified at 59.0 ± 0.3, 60.7 ± 0.0, and 65.1 ± 1.0 mg GAE/g, respectively. Notably, only AS (500000 mg/L) exhibited significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, with a mean inhibition zone of 23.7 ± 7.3 mm after 48 hours of incubation at 35℃. To enhance the antifungal efficacy of AS, microencapsulation was employed, and the encapsulated AS beads displayed an average size of 2.38 ± 2.00 μm, a zeta potential of 2.09 ± 0.81 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency of 23%. The presence of phenolics and sulfur compounds in AS suggests promising applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical antifungal products.
Convergence of Academic Excellence, Industry Innovation, and Government Investment to Propel Advanced Packaging at ASU
Authors: Holman Zachary
Published: January 2025

ASU is a comprehensive public research university, measured not by whom it excludes, but by whom it includes and how they succeed; advancing research and discovery of public value; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic, social, cultural and overall health of the communities it serves.
Advanced Package Evaluation Platform through Collaboration
Authors: Abe Hidenori
Published: January 2025

1. Japan’s Semiconductor Industrial Policy and Strategy 2. Corporate Introduction 3. Packaging

Solution Center & Co -Creative R&D Platform

and JOINT2 R&D Status

1. 4. Overseas

Strategy of Semiconductor Business

1. 5. Carbon Neutrality and Supply Chain Management
Multi-axis Process integration for Wafer Scale and Substrate-Like Printed Electronics
Authors: Newton C. Mike , Ghosh Rudy , Wachtel Grant , Whitley Connor
Published: January 2025

Organic based HDI packaging technology has been in use for quite a long time in various forms, but line and space limitations are limited to 40 microns. With the interest in chip level disintegration or chiplets there is a need for even higher levels of multichip integration and ever smaller feature sizes for PCB. Additionally wafer scale packaging technologies that incorporate substrates/interposers like silicon and glass take advantage of foundry capabilities that do not require the most process node feature sizes required for chiplet packaging driving wafer costs down. Substrate-like PCBs (SLP) fill a gap between WSP and HDI and push lines and space features size to below 30 microns. The 5G market is a key driver for SLPs. This presentation will discuss a multi-axis and process capability enabling Substrate-Like Printed electronics or SLPe that are traditionally flat or conformal. A modular factory in a tool capability will be outlined that that incorporates processes like aerosol printing of interconnect, photonic curing, micro dispensing of solder dots, chip assembly and in-situ metrology.
Achieving Large-Scale HBM Integration with Adaptive Pad Stacks on Molded Embedded Bridge Die Interposers
Authors: San Jose Benedict , Sandstrom Cliff , Bishop Craig , Olson Tim
Published: January 2025

Chiplets and heterogeneous integration are now common vernacular in the semiconductor industry. One of the more pressing issues facing device designers and system architects in this new reality is the insatiable appetite for high-bandwidth memory tightly integrated with GPU, CPU and other chiplet processing devices. This ever-increasing drive for higher levels of integration is resulting in module sizes that now exceed the bounds of the industry’s current de-facto standard silicon interposer solutions. With module dimensions exceeding 50 mm on a side, the industry is transitioning to organic substrates or molded fan-out interposers with embedded bridge die. These embedded bridge technologies provide a practical roadmap for significant module size growth to 100mm per side and beyond.

As module sizes continue to grow, the number of embedded bridge die similarly increase. An emerging device currently in design now exceeds 20 bridge die. During assembly of the molded interposer, manufacturing tolerances to achieve the true positions required for all the bridge die become incredibly challenging to achieve in a cost-effective high-volume process.

Within this paper, an innovative solution, Adaptive Pad Stacks, will be presented which increases process tolerances by up to 10X versus the conventional approach. For example, the ± 1.5 µm true position required for 35 µm pitch bridge die interfaces can be achieved with a die attach specification allowing up to ± 25 µm. Adaptive Pad Stacks utilize Adaptive Patterning® and mask-less laser direct imaging photolithography to not only deliver high yield on large scale interposers, but also remove the historical challenge with reticle stitching.
Annealing Behavior of Electroplated Nano-grained Copper
Authors: Dobrovolska Tsvetina , Mack Martin , Leyendecker Klaus , Zhang Yun , Dong Peipei , Martin Kevin
Published: January 2025

Copper bonding (direct and hybrid) in interconnection – one of these concepts, will benefit from an electroplated nanograined copper. The copper grain size for this purpose should not change for up to 1 month at RT, but increases up to 10 times under bonding conditions. It is desirable that the electroplated copper has low impurities and achieves strong Cu2Cu bonds at low temperatures without voids.

The electrodeposition of nanograined copper with IntraCu® SC-4 electrolyte was investigated with voltammetry, SEM, EBSD, GDEOS and SIMS methods. The effect of current density, grain size of seed layer and geometry of vias on the structure of nanograined copper was established. The resulting coatings were characterized for:

• Grain size (less than 150nm) stability at room temperature storage - unchangeable more than 3 weeks (almost suppressed self-annealing behavior); • Increasing of the size of copper grains after different annealing temperature and duration – from 120⁰ to the 260⁰ C, from 1 to 10 hours, also with different annealing profile. Size of grains is shown to increase more than 7 times-10, even at lower than 200⁰ C temperature

A linear relationship between the impurities, voids in the layer and the concentration of additives (as well current density) was found. According to this relation, the size, stability in time, impurities and annealing behavior of the nanocrystals could be predicted and controlled.
Novel Pressure-less Adhesive Dispensing Strategy for Thin Die Applications
Authors: Quattrocchio Matteo Luca
Published: January 2025

The automotive electronics market is facing increasingly demanding reliability requirements, along with restrictive European and international environmental legislations targeting the elimination of lead-based materials in electronics packages. As a result, pressure-less Ag-sinter adhesives have been identified as one of the most mature lead-free bonding materials, with thermal and electrical performances comparable or superior to lead-tin alloys, as well as reliability performances compliant with automotive mission profiles.

Simultaneously, there is a clear trend towards using thinner dice (<200 µm) in the semiconductor packaging industry for automotive applications, driven primarily by the demand for devices with higher electrical performance. This poses a challenge for the use of pressure-less adhesives, as they have a natural tendency to climb up the vertical sides of the die, potentially causing adhesive to flow over the die surface and resulting in short circuits or yield loss during subsequent IC assembly process steps.

Currently, one of the most established processes for controlling the rise of adhesive on the vertical sides of thin dice is 2D screen printing (also known as stencil printing). This process involves selectively printing a complete pattern of adhesive material onto a substrate, onto which the die can then be placed without the need to forcibly spread the pressure-less adhesive to achieve full die backside coverage. However, this process is associated with significant material wastage and is only applicable to flat substrates.

The aim of this paper is to introduce an innovative dispensing strategy for thin dice, which dispenses the adhesive in a spiral pattern shape. This technique can be applied to both flat (2D) and non-flat (3D or downset) substrates and minimizes material waste by utilizing a standard time-pressure dispensing system. The paper provides an overview of the concept and the underlying dispensing strategy developed by Besi, as well as an example of its application for die thicknesses down to 110um and 3D substrates in some power packages manufactured by STMicroelectronics. Process capability is validated, and package reliability is demonstrated up to MSL3 + 1000 thermal cycles through scanning acoustic microscopy.
Chiplets and Heterogeneous IC Packaging: Building Blocks and Tradeoffs
Authors: Kelly Mike , Hiner Dave , Jayaraman Suresh
Published: January 2025

Chiplets-based IC packages have arrived. This year, many more customers are developing and qualifying their products at Amkor and in the outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) and foundry space at large.

The rationale for this surge into new multi-die embodiments has been well documented and discussed. In the final analysis, the chiplets approach has become the preferred alternative to large system on chip (SoC) designs. The chiplets approach often permits a better product performance, while lowering total silicon costs. This also enables more transistors in the package than an equivalent SoC, and most importantly, reuse flexibility that reduces time-to-market (TTM) for follow-on products.

Heterogeneous IC packages are more expensive than traditional alternatives, for example a single-die Flip Chip ball grid array (FCBGA), but this increase is often offset by lower total silicon cost and the positive time-to-market benefits. However, moving to a heterogeneous approach requires a strong infrastructure to be established for: 1) design, 2) new IC and package structure development and fabrication techniques, and 3) electrical test.

IC packaging options to support chiplets have now consolidated into just a few primary constructions that are being developed in the industry and entering early production. These package configurations are much simpler than the now-confusing terminology currently present in the industry. This presentation will review these constructions, simplify their attributes and provide some groundwork for doing the tradeoff analyses during the package construction evaluation and down-selection phase of a project.

These higher density integration approaches create modules which integrate the die or chiplets that need ultra fine-line routing for die-die interfaces. Today, these are: (a) modules based on silicon interposers – 2.5D Through Silicon Via (TSV), (b) modules based on High-Density Fan-Out (HDFO) multi-layer redistribution layer (RDL) approaches or (c) modules with bridges. Silicon die can be singular planar devices or combinations using 3D die integration achieved with copper (Cu)-hybrid construction.

1. (c) Bridges (S-Connect) (RDL + Bridge(s))

In Amkor, 2.5D TSV with silicon interposers technology has been in high volume manufacturing (HVM) since 2017. HDFO packaging is internally qualified and currently being qualified for multiple customer products.
Applications of White Light Interferometry in Advanced Packaging: Metrology and Quality Assurance
Authors: Chintala Ravi , Mariaravi Daphne , Lesko Samuel
Published: January 2025

How White Light Interferometer profiler helps:

▪ Monitoring

▪ Controlling

▪ Optimizing

Advanced Packaging

1. Die/Wafer stacking optimization 2. Through Silicon Via control 3. Bump control 4. Redistribution Layer quality
Enhanced patient recovery with early extensive surgical deb-ridement in Fournier's Gangrene: evaluation of perioperative outcomes in a multicentric experience
Authors: Cochetti Giovanni , Paladini Alessio , Lepri Luca , Vitale Andrea , La Mura Raffaele , Russo Miriam , Mangione Paolo , Mearini Matteo , Fabiani Andrea , Iacobone Emanuele , Servi Lucilla , Mearini Ettore , Del Zingaro Michele
Published: January 2025

Objective: Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rare, life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis primarily affecting the perineal, genital, and perianal regions. This rapidly progressing bacterial infection predominantly affects middleaged and elderly men. This multicenter study aims to describe the management in a wide cohort of Fournier's gangrene cases that presented to three tertiary centers with early extensive surgical debridement. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collect data from patients with FG who were referred to the Urology Clinic of the Department of Medicine and Surgery (Perugia), the Urological Andrological Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques Unit (Terni) of the University of Perugia, and the Urology Unit of the Surgery Department of the Macerata Civic Hospital between January 2019 and March 2024 for onset of classic signs and symptoms of FG. Extensive surgical debridement was immediately performed under general anesthesia to reach normochromic and vascularized tissue in wide and depth extension, assuring vital and healthy margins. For all patients, intravenous daptomycin plus piperacillin/tazobactam were administered. Results: 28 male patients with FG underwent early surgical debridement. In two cases, orchidectomy and partial penectomy were required during surgical debridement due to extensive necrosis. Colon diversion and urinary diversion were not necessary for any of the patients. 32.1% complications were recorded according to the Clavien Dindo classification; 6 patients died in the perioperative. Excluding death data, the average duration of antibiotic therapy was 22.0±9.1 days, and the average length of stay was 17.6±11.8 days. Conclusions: Fournier's gangrene has high mortality rates. It requires timely surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy to achieve positive outcomes. This study shows that a primary extensive debridement can help reduce the need for further intervention and shorten the hospital stay.