bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Interviewer Günter Gaus
Authors: Holz Benjamin
Published: April 2022

Due to his youthful experiences with the end of National Socialism, Günter Gaus wanted to exert political influence. His television interviews »Zur Person« and »Zu Protokoll« gave him the decisive tailwind from the 1960s onwards. With cleverly formulated questions and psychological tricks, Günter Gaus elicited answers that stimulate critical and rational questioning. Using statements by Konrad Adenauer, Willy Brandt, Gustav Heinemann, Helmut Schmidt, Hannah Arendt and Rudi Dutschke, Günter Gaus described the first Federal Chancellor of the FRG, compared consensus with criticism and drew parallels between the German past and the goals of the 1968 movement. Günter Gaus was a questioner who already knew the answers.
Feasibility of a Conical Piled Monopod in Multiyear Ice
Authors: Aurora Ravi P. , Williams Alan , Argiolas Ricardo
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the results of a ConocoPhillips sponsored study examining the feasibility of a Conical Piled Monopod (CPM), Figure 1, in about 30m water depth in a multi year ice environment. The CPM concept considered is a standalone pile supported drilling and production structure. It was concluded that the CPM concept is feasible in a multi-year ice environment and offers cost and time saving advantages by eliminating need for solid ballast and seafloor preparation where soft soils are present at the seafloor. In addition, the CPM has large enclosed volume, which could accommodate a potentially significant amount of oil storage. ConocoPhillips has patent pending on the CPM concept.
Modeling and Optimization of Docking Stations and AUVs for Ice Floe Measurement
Authors: Lu Fang , Shu Zhichao , Hasenbein John , Morton David , Berta Dominic , Soofi Khalid
Published: April 2022

We consider an Arctic drilling platform, which must withstand seasonal ice floes and be protected against extreme ice features. Adequate ice floe thickness estimates are not discernible from satellite images, so autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with sonar scan the thickness of the floes. We approximate this system by an M/G/k+G queue and develop a high fidelity simulation model. We develop and solve a stochastic facility location model, which addresses the design and operational decisions related to the system. Finally, we create a visualization tool to graphically represent the docking station configurations, ice floe arrivals, and the AUV scanning process. These simulations were part of a desktop study and have not been validated through field trials, which we hope to accomplish in the next phase of this study.
Ice Ridging Forces, Ice Rubble, and Other Neglected Topics in Ice-Structure Interaction
Authors: Croasdale Ken
Published: April 2022

Ice ridging and rubbling is commonly seen in nature and is also observed against wide man-made structures. The topic is important for a range of ice problems, including; ice circulation models; “limit-force” ice loads; ice loads on wide structures; and in understanding pressured ice; which in turn affects ship transits and loads on floaters in managed ice. This paper reflects on past work leading to the current algorithm for ridge building in ISO 19906 which was derived by the author. Recent work using the mechanics for ice loads on sloping structures applied to ridging is reported, results are given and recommendations made. It is emphasized that this paper is focused solely on the forces involved in rubble and ridge building not with the forces due to ridges and rubble on either platforms or subsea facilities.
Development of Composite Sandwich Structures for Arctic Region
Authors: Sohel KMA , Liew J. Y. Richard , Jiabao Yan , Zhang M. H. , Marshall P. W.
Published: April 2022

A cone-shaped steel-concrete composite structure has been proposed for Arctic offshore structures. This type of cone structure is able to withstand the ice forces imposed thereon by impinging ice sheets and other larger masses of ice wherein the structure has an upper conical portion coaxially positioned relative to a lower cylindrical portion. This study explores the use of curved steel concrete- steel (SCS) sandwich system in the proposed arctic cone structure. SCS sandwich system, which combines the beneficial effects of steel and concrete materials, has shown promising benefits over conventional plates and stiffeners design and heavily reinforced concrete design because of their high strength to weight ratio. Shear connectors has been proposed to connect steel face plates and cementitious core material. The proposed SCS sandwich system can reduce structural complexity in particularly the number of weld joints which are prone to fatigue and corrosion, hence increase service life, cut down the cost of fabrication, and reduce the manpower cost to operate, inspect and maintain the structure in the long run. Considering local ice load, the punching shear strength of the SCS sandwich composite shell was studied experimentally. The SCS specimens were designed using the ISO ice pressure. The experimental results show that they possess far higher resistance against patch load caused by ice. Moreover, the load-deflection behavior of the curved SCS sandwich system is ductile and it can absorb a great deal of energy at failure.
Ice Management Numerical Modeling and Modern Data Sources
Authors: Brown Jeff S. , Martin Evan H. , Keinonen Arno
Published: April 2022

Numerical modeling is a cost effective planning tool for both operational feasibility and design studies. This is particularly true in the Arctic offshore industry where operational costs are high. Ice management, the defense of platforms or floaters via systematic icebreaking, is a useful tool to ensure ice loads are kept within manageable limits. The availability of new data types, departing in detail from traditional ice observer records allows more specific modeling to occur in support of conceptual designs. Issues with applying these data sources have been identified, and are generally caused by the assumptions made during calibration of existing icebreaker performance models.

A methodology to extract general ice severity statistics from spatial Upward Looking Sonar (ULS) data is presented to allow for a direct application within existing performance models. Identification of severe features (first year ridges and multi-year floes) is also discussed. In addition, a method for deriving floe size distributions from analytical ice management predictions is briefly described. Finally recommendations for of future work in terms of increasing the reliability and accuracy of icebreaker performance and ice management modeling are made.
ARKTOS New Developments
Authors: Seligman Bruce , Bercha Frank
Published: April 2022

The ARKTOS vehicle is an amphibious craft system capable of operation in a wide range of Arctic ice conditions and seastates. It is approved as an evacuation system by various regulators, including the US Coast Guard (USCG), and is currently operational in several marine cold regions as an EER and utility system. Following is a description of recent additional operational and ergonomical tests of the 52 Person USCG Approved ARKTOS Evacuation Craft. This description is followed by a summary of some of the ongoing developments for the system in oil spill control, ice management, and its extension to new applications in forestry and pipeline construction in swampy locations. As part of a reliability investigation of the ARKTOS EER capability, a series of non-Arctic calm condition manoeuvrability and performance drills were carried out to focus on both global performance and operator ergonomic factors. These tests were carried out at a temperate location in the Fraser River Delta and Robert’s Bank, near Vancouver, B.C. Operation of the Craft in deep water with jets only, shallow water using both tracks and jets, and on tidal flats above water using tracks only. The planned utilization of the Craft by ENI Petroleum, Inc. in the Beaufort Sea is described. Next, descriptions of some other current new developments for oil spill cleanup, river and sea ice management, and disaster response applications are given. Conclusions and recommendations for further developments and reliability improvements are given.
Assessment of Ice Management Success in Pack Ice
Authors: McKenna Richard , Wright Brian
Published: April 2022

The assessment of ice management success is important for ensuring the safety of floating structures in sea ice environments. The context is the ISO 19906 standard for arctic offshore structures, which specifies ice load requirements. General aspects of ice management systems that influence success are described and a specific example for the Beaufort Sea is provided to illustrate a way of determining managed swath width based on drift forecasting capabilities. Regulatory objectives are also discussed.
Comparison of Existing US Coast Guard Icebreaker Structural Designs to IACS Polar Class Structural Requirements
Authors: Yu Han C. , McAllister Timothy A. , Dolny John
Published: April 2022

Interest in Arctic shipping routes as well as the development of natural resources in remote Arctic regions has increased in recent years. This presents many new challenges in the design of vessels and their operations in harsh environments. Increased maritime activities in the Arctic also demand increased presence of government vessels capable of operating in the high Arctic in order to provide security and emergency services. The US Coast Guard (USCG) has a long history of operating icebreakers in Polar regions and its design practice employs a rational engineering approach supported by actual service experience including results from full-scale ice load measurements. One of the recent developments in the ice strengthening rules of hull structures is the adoption of Polar Class requirements developed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) and other coastal state authorities under the guidance of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). This paper presents a comparison of the structure of the existing USCG icebreakers to IMO/IACS Polar Class structure requirements.
“Quel nobilissimo sesso di Donne”. Descripción de la construcción semiótica de una gramática de los géneros en un texto de la “Querelle des Femmes”: L’assonto amoroso in difesa delle donne, de Cesare Barbabianca (1593)
Authors: Broullón-Lozano Manuel A.
Published: April 2022

En términos semióticos, el cuerpo se concibe como un dispositivo sobre el que se pueden escribir y reescribir toda clase de significaciones. En este sentido, en la esfera social, los sujetos usan sus cuerpos para poner en escena conductas y representar identidades, las cuales es posible analizar como formas semióticas apoyadas en escrituras reducibles a gramáticas. En consecuencia, el género es una tecnología simbólica y corporal que se impone a los sujetos, como si fueran artefactos poéticos o teatrales.

En este ensayo se analizarán las estructuras semióticas de algunos conceptos históricos como los de “belleza” o “virtud” –pues dichos conceptos contienen prescripciones de género que rigen cuerpos tanto masculinos como femeninos– representados en un texto singular de la “Querelle des Femmes” italiana y enmarcado bajo la Polémica del Véneto: L’assonto amoroso in difesa delle donne de Cesare Barbabianca (1593). Dicho texto, a través de las enunciaciones performativas de los cuerpos en el plano discursivo y de los esquemas actanciales, muestra una convergencia de voces y argumentos que, basada en la discusión desde la tradición, permite deconstruir modelos, describir las gramáticas prescriptivas del género y, en última instancia, cuestionar la articulación semántica de ciertos conceptos históricos.
Lodovico Domenichi e Lucia Bertani: un’amicizia letteraria nella Querelle des Femmes
Authors: Cerrato Daniele
Published: April 2022

Il presente articolo analizza l’amicizia letteraria tra Lodovico Domenichi e Lucia Bertani ed esamina le opere più importanti del poligrafo piacentino in cui vi sono riferimenti alla poetessa modenese. Lucia Bertani compare sia come personaggio sia come dedicataria di opere e i riferimenti a lei sono costanti soprattutto negli ultimi anni della produzione di Domenichi. Il rapporto di reciprocità è dimostrato dai sonetti che Bertani gli dedica e la loro relazione si può inserire nell’ambito della Querelle des Femmes che caratterizzò il Cinquecento e dove Domenichi rappresenta uno dei principali protagonisti.
Escrituras y reescrituras biopolíticas del canon literario argentino
Authors: Siac Tomás
Published: April 2022

In order to understand the effects of modernity in nation-state organizations through XIX century, we consider biopolitics –as a Foucauldian category– a thoroughly productive tool for the analysis of the discourses that constitute such territories. The nineteenth-century literary speeches, in our opinion, respond to the biopolitical debates on how to order the bodies, their functioning and the subjectivities that derive from them. The state policies of the nineteenth century and the subsidiary literary discourses will consequently lead to pose lifestyles but, above all, foreign measures for the establishment of the national territory. Throughout texts such as those of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Esteban Echeverría and Eugenio Cambaceres, we can realize the articulation of who constitute we and who constitutes the others. These nineteenth-century discourses will resort to the notion of barbarity, affirmed as another excluded figure, to sediment the category of civilization as living lives. Julio Cortázar and Osvaldo Lamborghini will help to demonstrate the persistence or decline of the biopolitical civilizing model in the following century. For such analysis, we will take the Foucauldian proposal and theories that stem from it from theorists such as G. Agamben, G. Giorgi, among others.

Para entender los efectos de la modernidad en la organización de los Estado-naciones del siglo XIX, la categoría foucaultiana biopolítica es una herramienta ampliamente productiva para pensar los discursos que atraviesan la constitución de dichos territorios. Los discursos literarios del siglo XIX, a nuestro parecer, responden a las discusiones biopolíticas sobre cómo ordenar los cuerpos, los funcionamientos de estos y las subjetividades que derivan de estos. Las políticas estatales del siglo XIX, y los discursos literarios subsidiarios, van a llevar a postular, en consecuencia, formas de vida pero sobre todo de extranjería para el establecimiento del territorio nacional. A lo largo de textos como los de Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Esteban Echeverría y Eugenio Cambaceres, podemos percatarnos de la articulación de quiénes constituyen el nosotros y quiénes el otros. Estos discursos decimonónicos recurrirán a la noción de barbarie, afirmada como figura otra excluida, para sedimentar la categoría civilización como vidas vivibles. Julio Cortázar y Osvaldo Lamborghini servirán para demostrar las persistencias o declinaciones, en el siglo siguiente, del modelo civilizatorio biopolítico. Para dicho análisis, tomaremos la propuesta foucaultiana y derivas, a partir de teóricos como G. Agamben, G. Giorgi, entre otros.
La intertextualidad en la obra poética de Ida Vitale
Authors: Conesa Erragbaoui Amal
Published: April 2022

This work analyzes the intertextuality in the poetic work of the Uruguayan writer Ida Vitale, showing not only the influence that classical Greco-Latin literature has on her poetry, but also the intertextual dialogues with certain authors and universal works in her "acts of conciliation".

Este trabajo analiza la intertextualidad en la obra poética de la escritora uruguaya Ida Vitale, mostrando no sólo la influencia que la literatura clásica grecolatina tiene en su poesía, sino los diálogos intertextuales con determinados autores y obras universales en sus “actos de conciliación”.
Contemplar la vida: paseos, excursiones y viajes de Carmen Laforet
Authors: Rodríguez Fischer Ana
Published: April 2022

Taking as corpus of my work the articles published by Carme Laforet between 1948 and 1953 in the review Destino, untitled "Puntos de vista de una mujer”, and the cronicles about her journey to the United States in the fall of 1965, collected in the book Paralelo 35, I study an aspect almost unknown of the Spanis writer: her profile as Walker or voyeur in different cities, excursionist who seeks refuge in the Nature or traveller who visits the most relevant places of the USA. I analize how she projects her unprejudiced watch upon reality and life, taking as a guide only her curiosity or personal desires, and paying special attention to anything which stimulates her imagination and causes an impresión in mind and heart. I also analize the narrative aspects of these texts: scenes and descriptions, or small stories about an event, an experience, an unexpected encounter or sudden rememberings. We discover another Carmen Laforet: a woman who watches and hears contemporary life in its great variety.

Tomando como corpus del trabajo los artículos que Carmen Laforet publicó de 1948 a 1953 en el semanario barcelonés Destino, en la sección titulada "Puntos de vista de una mujer", y las crónicas de su viaje a Estados Unidos en el otoño de 1965, recogidas en el libro Paralelo 35, estudio una faceta poco conocida de la autora: su perfil de paseante por diversas ciudades, de excursionista que se refugia en la naturaleza y de viajera que visita los más destacados enclaves de ese país norteamericano. Analizo en él cómo la escritora extiende una mirada desprejuiciada sobre la realidad y la vida que la rodea y envuelve, guiada por sus apetencias y gustos, por la curiosidad, atenta a detalles mínimos que estimulan su imaginación, a cualquier novedad o cambio que la impresione e impacte. También analizo la factura narrativa de los mismos: estampas y escenas o relatos articulados en torno a un suceso, una experiencia, un encuentro azaroso o los recuerdos personales. Vemos en ellos a una Carmen Laforet espectadora y oidora -e interlocutora- de la vida contemporánea, atenta siempre a captar esa realidad fluida y en constante movimiento que desfila ante sus ojos.
Language Acquisition in Al-Attas’ Epistemological Viewpoints
Authors:   Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Cucu Cahyana  , Muhajir  ,   Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta
Published: April 2022

This article discusses language acquisition based on Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas’ epistemology where language as part of ‘ilm (knowledge) is the major subject of the discussion. This aims to undergo preliminary study in language acquisition in non-western epistemology. The object of the study is Al-Attas’ epistemology which is confined to the rasm (description) of ‘ilm, the sources of ‘ilm, and the process of the arrival. This research is library research using a systematic literature review. The study revealed that language acquisition and language teaching concept which is grounded to Al-Attas’ Islamic epistemology can enrich recent paradigms and theories on language acquisition and language teaching.
Alumni Engagement and Financial Sustainability of Higher Education Institutions: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, Sukkur IBA University Sukkur, Pakistan, Nabeel Nisar  , Ellisha Nasruddin  ,   Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this paper is to describe the various attitudes of alumni towards engagement in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) of Pakistan, based on a phenomenological study of their lived experiences. Empirical data was collected in the form of semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with 26 alumni from eight selected public HEIs of Pakistan, which was later analysed through employing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). This paper highlights six superordinate themes which indicated that alumni held strong determination to engage with institutions to meet the financial sustainability challenge, provided that institutions observed adequate communication and engagement efforts with them. Theoretically, this paper extended the use of S-O-R framework in the higher education philanthropic domain where institutional engagement efforts and personal connection, coupled with emotional bonding, led to alumni engagement with institutions. In addition, this study also contextually extended the use of social exchange theory where the inclination of alumni to engage with institutions is driven by their sense of indebtedness and serving the community.
Determinants for Awareness to Contribute in Cash Waqf
Authors: Siti Khadijah, A. M.  , Ahmad Nazri, K
Published: April 2022

The public, in general, may still be unaware of the availability of cash waqf even though it was introduced a long time ago. This is proven with the insignificant contribution of the Muslims to cash waqf. The question to ponder here is why the public is still not contributing to cash waqf. Could some factors influence them to contribute? Contributing to cash waqf is essential as it could add to the well-being of the beneficiaries. This study aims at identifying the factors that influence the awareness of the public in contributing to cash waqf. This study employed a quantitative research method by collecting primary data through a survey. Since the population is the public, simple random sampling was used to draw the samples. A total of 160 respondents had fulfilled the distributed questionnaires entirely, and all were useable for the study. Data were analysed using descriptive and hypothesis testing method by using of multiple regression. The study found that respondents’ understanding and religiosity are the significant factors that influenced them to contribute to cash waqf. Findings of this study are expected to help waqf institutions in planning strategic actions to inculcate greater understanding among the public on cash waqf hence increasing the overall collection of cash waqf in the country.
Profile Analysis of Gold Investment in Malaysia Using the Rasch Persons-Items Distribution Map (PIDM) Model.
Authors: Najahudin, L.  , Siti Noorbiah, M.R
Published: April 2022

Pelaburan emas mempunyai kriteria patuh syariah yang tersendiri. Kriteria tersebut pula telah disusun oleh penyelidik mutakhir yang seterusnya menjadi panduan khusus kepada masyarakat Muslim serta institusi pengelola terhadap pelaburan emas. Namun, gambaran kepatuhan tersebut, termasuklah di Malaysia jarang dibuktikan secara empirikal. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil pelaburan emas di Malaysia. Kaedah kuantitatif melalui kajian tinjauan digunakan ke atas 40 responden yang terdiri daripada pelabur dan institusi pelaburan emas. Data dikutip menggunakan Instrumen Pelaburan Emas Patuh Syariah (i-PEPS) berbentuk soal selidik respons tertutup dengan skala Likert 4-Poin. Data diperolehi kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch melalui fungsi Persons-Items Distribution Map (PIDM) dengan tumpuan kepada aras kepatuhan item dalam instrumen tersebut. Hasil kajian ini mendapati 17 item (53.1%) sukar untuk dipatuhi, sementara 12 item (37.5%) adalah mudah untuk dipatuhi. Oleh itu, institusi pelaburan dicadangkan mempunyai majlis penasihat syariah dalam operasi mereka. Institusi dan orang ramai boleh menggunakan i-PEPS sebagai panduan dalam pemilihan atau penyediaan produk pelaburan emas patuh syariah.
The Role of Selangor Zakat Board on Human Development Among the Fakir and Miskin Asnaf
Authors: Mohd Zahid Emie Sylviana , Razali Mastura
Published: April 2022

The management of zakat collection and distribution in Selangor is managed by Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS: Selangor Zakat Board). The role of LZS in distributing zakat includes the managing of five main programs: economic, social, educational, human, and religious institution development programs. These five programs can give individual balance to the receivers of zakat from all angles, whether physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual. But there are a few among the poor and needy who are troubled by values and attitudes. This concerns the issue of human development because the poor and needy feel comfortable with the attribute of being an 'asnaf' thereby preferring to rest at home and have fun with family, and thus forgetting their obligations to God. This study was conducted to find out the nature of the role of LZS on human development programs among the poor and needy to address the issue. This study adopts the qualitative research approach relying on a semi-structured interview with three informants from the staff of Lembaga Zakat Selangor, observation of the running of the program in six mosques, and an open-ended questionnaire distributed to 220 respondents from the poor and needy. The data collected were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study found that LZS places great emphasis on human development from the spiritual aspect of the poor and needy before the material aspect is developed. The spiritual aspect emphasized by LZS is by providing a Tahsinul Ibadah program or Islah program.
Main Intersections in the Approaches of Russian and Chinese Artists to Chinese Landscapes Painting
Authors: Tsyaomin Mi
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of Chinese landscapes painting by Chinese and Russian artists. Comparative analysis of landscape painting by Chinese and Russian artists dedicated to China allows to identify the most important trends and patterns in the methods of landscapes painting in Russia and China of the late XX в - early XXI century. The purpose of this study is to determine the main intersections in the approaches of artists of the two countries. The specificity of the artistic and expressive language of Chinese and Russian landscape artists in the embodiment of landscapes of China is determined primarily by the influence of the modern national school of painting, as well as the desire to develop and update existing traditions, finding inspiration in foreign experience, coming into contact with foreign culture and artistic tradition. The main conclusions of the study are that landscape painting by artists of Russia and China reveals similarities in formal terms: artists of both countries use techniques of both, realistic school and impressionism. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that the mechanism of integration of the principles of realism and Western impressionism by Chinese painters is revealed. The author introduces an extensive body of artistic materials of Russian and Chinese painters into Russian science, notes that there are significant differences between the artists of the two countries.
A RESPONSABILIZAÇÃO DOS PAIS EM DECORRÊNCIA DO ABANDONO MATERIAL DA CRIANÇA E ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Correia Peneluc Igor , De Moraes Santos Taiana
Published: April 2022

A Constituição Federal de 1988, propõe uma base familiar estruturada na dignidade da pessoa humana e na solidariedade social, trazendo para centralidade do debate a relação recíproca paterno-filial como elementos determinantes para constituição familiar. Nesta linha, os genitores não podem negar os encargos fundamentais para o sustento dos filhos e nem o apoio afetivo-moral para o pleno desenvolvimento cidadão. Assim, o presente trabalho busca refletir sobre a responsabilização jurídica dos pais pelo abandono material da criança e do adolescente. A pesquisa utiliza o levantamento bibliográfico e documental acerca do tema, levando em consideração o contexto evolutivo da família brasileira perante o ordenamento jurídico, as prerrogativas utilizadas para caracterização do abandono material e as implicações resultantes pelo descumprimento da legislação. Nota-se que, o sistema judiciário tem tentado encontrar soluções alternativa para resguardar e garantir o melhor interesse da criança e do adolescente, em face da conduta dolosa devidamente comprovada em processo judicial.
Artificial micro- and nano-structure enhanced long and very long-wavelength infrared detectors
Authors: Ge Hao-Nan , Xie Run-Zhang , Guo Jia-Xiang , Li Qing , Yu Yi-Ye , He Jia-Le , Wang Fang , Wang Peng , Hu Wei-Da ,   State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China,   School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: April 2022

The infrared detectors own the ability to convert information carried by photons radiated by objects into electrical signals, which broadens the horizons of human beings observing the natural environment and human activities. At present, long and very long-wavelength infrared detections have many applications in atmospheric monitoring, biological spectroscopy, night vision, etc. As the demand for high-performance infrared detectors grows rapidly, it is difficult for traditional infrared detectors to arrive at performance indicators such as high response rate, high response speed, and multi-dimensional detection. The artificial structure designed based on micro- and nano-optics can be coupled with infrared photons efficiently, and control the degrees of freedom of infrared light fields such as amplitude, polarization, phase, and wavelength comprehensively. The systems integrated by infrared detectors and artificial micro- and nano-photonic structures provide additional controllable degrees of freedom for infrared detectors. And they are expected to achieve high quantum efficiency and other merits such as high response rate, excellent polarization, and wavelength selectivity. In this review paper, the research progress of the application of artificial micro- and nano-structure in the long and very long-wavelength infrared bands is presented; the advantages, disadvantages, and the application status of different mechanisms are described in detail, which include surface plasmon polaritons, localized surface plasmon, resonant cavity structure, photon-trapping structure, metalens, spoof surface plasmon, gap plasmon, and phonon polariton. In addition, the development prospect and direction of artificial micro- and nano-structure in long-wave and very long-wave infrared devices are further pointed out.
Species limits and recent diversification ofCerradomys(Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini) during the Pleistocene
Authors: Di-Nizo Camilla B. , Suárez-Villota Elkin Y. , Silva Maria José J.
Published: April 2022

Cerradomysis a genus of the tribe Oryzomyini with eight species currently recognized, and a controversial taxonomy. These species are mainly distributed in the South America dry diagonal, but some species extend into Atlantic Forest, reaching the coastal sandy plains known as Restingas. This study aimed to address species limits and patterns of diversification ofCerradomysspecies. For this purpose, we performed cytogenetic and molecular analyses (phylogeny, coalescent species delimitation, barcoding, and divergence times estimation) using multiple mitochondrial and nuclear markers on a comprehensive sampling, representing all nominal taxa reported so far. Chromosomal information was a robust marker recognizing eightCerradomysspecies. Reciprocal monophyly was recovered for all the species, except forC. subflavus. These results together with coalescent analyses recovered eight species as the most congruent species delimitation scenario for the genus (mean Ctax: 0.72). Divergence time estimates revealed thatCerradomys’ diversification occurred about 1.32 million years ago (Mya) during the Pleistocene. Although our results conservatively support the eightCerradomysspecies described so far, different lines of evidence suggest thatC. langguthiandC. subflavuscould potentially be species-complexes. We discussed this scenario in the light of multiple evolutionary processes within and between species and populations, sinceCerradomyscomprises a species group with recent diversification affected by Pleistocene climatic changes and by the complex biogeographic history of South America dry diagonal. This work supports that the diversity ofCerradomysis underestimated and reiterates that interdisciplinary approaches are mandatory to identify small rodent species properly, and to unhide cryptic species.
Evaluation of Incidence, Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Muralidas Anjali , Baby Shilpa Ann
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Detection of any definite established pattern in aetiological factors can help identify high risk groups among vesicular mole patients, so that the development of Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN) can be anticipated to avoid delay in management of this disease with almost 100% cure rate. Aim: To determine the incidence of GTN, various factors associated with the condition, and any difference in risk factors between low risk and high risk disease and to evaluate the efficacy of the different treatment protocols used. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study done in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary level hospital in South India which included 100 cases of GTN who were registered in the Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) clinic for a period of ten years from January 2002 to December 2011. Data analysis was done from January 2020 to August 2020 The hospital incidence of GTN and proportion of GTN among vesicular mole was calculated. The different sociodemographic factors, clinical features and hormonal profile of all cases of GTN were studied in detail. Results: The incidence of GTN was 0.76 per 1000 deliveries. The proportion of GTN among molar pregnancy was 10.7%. Uterine size greater than period of amenorrhoea, bilateral theca leutin cysts especially with size >6 cm and pre-evacuation Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) >100,000 mIU/mL was associated with development of GTN. GTN was found more in those with complete mole and that was around 71%. Around 81% had low risk GTN and 19% had high risk GTN. Major indication for starting chemotherapy was rising βhCG (72%). Presence of theca lutein cysts and uterine size greater than period of amenorrhoea were statistically significant risk factors for high risk GTN (p=0.022 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Identification of risk factors helps in early recognition of GTN and improves the overall outcome. The choice of chemotherapy depends on risk categorisation based on International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) scoring system. Single agent for low risk and combination chemotherapy for high risk group is often sufficient.
Effect of Combined Aqueous Leaf Extract of Mentha spicata and Murray Koenigii on Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Induced Hepatic Damage on Wistar Rats
Authors: Omeodu S. I. , Eruotor H. , Akpede J. N.
Published: April 2022

The study investigated the effect of combined leaves extract of Mentha spicata and Murray koenigii leaves on acetaminophen induced hepatic damage on wistar rat. Twenty five (25) wistar rats with weights range of 100g-130g were used for this study. They were obtained from the animal house of the Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, rivers State, Nigeria. They were kept in the animal house of the University. They had free access to water and feed during the period of the experiment. Treatment of test animal with 80mg/kg, 120mg/kg, 150mg/kg dose of the leaf extract showed ameliorative effect on the animals with specified dose producing the best result. The significant increase in liver marker enzymes (AST, ALP, and AST) activities of acetaminophen-induced rats caused by liver injuries which resulted in leakage of liver enzymes to the extra hepatic tissue due to compromised liver architecture and permeability. The improvement of the effect of the acetaminophen suggests that these combined leaves action can be of valuable use in the management of hepatic injury caused by this toxic action.
The New Relationship between Kawasaki Disease and MIS-C
Authors: Jiao Fuyong , Ding Xiaojin , Xu Haotian , Elakabawi Karim , Kuo Ho-Chang , Wang Jiale
Published: April 2022

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood disease associated with serious coronary artery complications. It is the most common cause of pediatric acquired heart disease in developed countries and is increasingly reported from many developing countries. The etiology of KD is still uncertain; interaction between a genetic predisposition and several environmental and immunological factors has been hypothesized. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that many children with MIS-C were infected with the new coronavirus or had close contact with people with the new coronavirus. Children with MIS-C show symptoms similar to severe cases of Kawasaki disease. An early discussion of similarities and differences between the novel coronavirus and Kawasaki disease was initiated towards the end of March 2020 between Dr. Karim Elakabawi, Benha university, Egypt; Prof. Manuel Katz, the chairman of the global CIP, Israel; and Prof. Jiao Fuyong, the head of the Center of Kawasaki disease diagnosis and treatment, shaanxi province, China. The three doctors discussed their strong observations about the epidemiologic distribution of KD cases and global affection of the Corona viruses family: SARS, MERS, and the most recently COVID-19. This article mainly summarizes the similarities and differences between KD and MIS-C.
Optimization of Water Distribution in Pagerwojo District Tulungagung, Indonesia, using Linear Programming Model
Authors: Hapsari Ratih Indri , Suryadi Akhmad , Tajalla Affan Nurun
Published: April 2022

Optimization approaches has been utilized in solving complex water service problems. This study attempts to determine the optimal distribution system for clean water pipelines by applying linear programming method which enables the determination of the optimal and most affordable solution under all constraints. The decision variable was the water quantity allocated to the system. The piping investment, operational and maintenance costs in present value with 4% interest were calculated to obtain the water unit price. The allocated water should meet the requirements within a dependable discharge. The study was conducted in Pagerwojo District, Tulungagung Regency, Indonesia, grouped into three transmission lines with 106 l/s demand. There are three sources of fresh water, namely Song River, Klantur River, and Gondang Spring. The analysis reveals that the minimum cost was Rp456,679,296/month. Linear programming method is proven useful for determining the allocation of clean water in the most cost-efficient manner.
Death (ancient Near East)
Authors: Tatlock Jason R.
Published: April 2022

Ancient writers and religious specialists devised several rituals and theological conceptualizations by which the inhabitants of the Near Eastern world could mediate their shared apprehensions about the inevitable end of life and what might follow it.
Race, Ethnicity, and Disparities in the Risk of End‐Organ Lupus Manifestations Following a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis in a Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Aguirre Alfredo , Izadi Zara , Trupin Laura , Barbour Kamil E. , Greenlund Kurt J. , Katz Patti , Lanata Cristina , Criswell Lindsey , Dall'Era Maria , Yazdany Jinoos
Published: April 2022

Objective

Data on the onset of lupus manifestations across multiple organ domains and in diverse populations are limited. The objective was to analyze racial and ethnic differences in the risk of end‐organ lupus manifestations following systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosis in a multiethnic cohort.

Methods

The California Lupus Epidemiology Study (CLUES) is a longitudinal study of SLE. Data on major end‐organ lupus manifestations were collected and categorized by organ system: renal, hematologic, neurologic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary. Multiorgan disease was defined as manifestations in ≥2 of these distinct organ systems. Kaplan‐Meier curves assessed end‐organ disease‐free survival, and Cox proportional hazards regression estimated the rate of end‐organ disease following SLE diagnosis, adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, and self‐reported race and ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Black, and Asian).

Results

Of 326 participants, 89% were female; the mean age was 45 years. Self‐reported race and ethnicity were 30% White, 23% Hispanic, 11% Black, and 36% Asian. Multiorgan disease occurred in 29%. Compared to White participants, Hispanic and Asian participants had higher rates, respectively, of renal (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.8–4.7], HR 2.9 [95% CI 1.9–4.6]); hematologic (HR 2.7 [95% CI 1.3–5.7], HR 2.1 [95% CI 1.0–4.2]); and multiorgan disease (HR 3.3 [95% CI 1.8–5.9], HR 2.5 [95% CI 1.4–4.4]) following SLE diagnosis.

Conclusion

We found heightened risks of developing renal, hematologic, and multiorgan disease following SLE diagnosis among Hispanic and Asian patients with SLE, as well as a high burden of multiorgan disease among CLUES participants.
Concerns about risks of drinking at home don't offset heavy promotion
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: April 2022

More than two years into a global pandemic that fueled intensive marketing of at‐home alcohol use, there remains little evidence of public health authorities engaging in organized counter‐messaging to warn of potential consequences ranging from substance use disorders to domestic abuse.
Dianion Induced Electron Delocalization of Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries and Self‐Powered Water Splitting
Authors: Ding Kuixing , Hu Jiugang , Jin Wei , Zhao Liming , Liu Yunpeng , Wu Zhonghua , Weng Baicheng , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: April 2022

The development of low‐cost multifunctional electrocatalysts with high activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for the advancement of sophisticated energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, a trifunctional Ni(S0.51Se0.49)2@NC catalyst is designed and fabricated using a dianionic regulation strategy. Synchrotron radiation X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that simultaneous sulfidation and selenization can induce the electronic delocalization of Ni(S0.51Se0.49)2 active sites to enhance the adsorption of *OOH/*OH intermediate for ORR/OER and H* intermediate for HER. The OER and HER mechanisms are revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The Ni(S0.51Se0.49)2@NC exhibits trifunctional catalytic activity for the HER (111 mV at 10 mA cm−2), OER (320 mV at 10 mA cm−2), and ORR (half‐wave potential of 0.83 V). The rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs) exhibit an open‐circuit voltage of 1.46 V, a specific capacity of 799.1 mAh g−1, and excellent stability for 1000 cycles. The water electrolytic cell using Ni(S0.51Se0.49)2@NC electrodes delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.59 V, and it can be powered using the constructed ZABs. These findings contribute to developing low‐cost and efficient non‐noble metal multifunctional catalysts.
Sr‐Doped Superionic Hydrogen Glass: Synthesis and Properties of SrH22
Authors: Semenok Dmitrii V. , Chen Wuhao , Huang Xiaoli , Zhou Di , Kruglov Ivan A. , Mazitov Arslan B. , Galasso Michele , Tantardini Christian , Gonze Xavier , Kvashnin Alexander G. , Oganov Artem R. , Cui Tian
Published: April 2022

Recently, several research groups announced reaching the point of metallization of hydrogen above 400 GPa. Despite notable progress, detecting superconductivity in compressed hydrogen remains an unsolved problem. Following the mainstream of extensive investigations of compressed metal polyhydrides, here small doping of molecular hydrogen by strontium is demonstrated to lead to a dramatic reduction in the metallization pressure to ≈200 GPa. Studying the high‐pressure chemistry of the Sr–H system, the formation of several new phases is observed: C2/m‐Sr3H13, pseudocubic SrH6, SrH9 with cubic ‐Sr sublattice, and pseudo tetragonal superionic P1‐SrH22, the metal hydride with the highest hydrogen content (96 at%) discovered so far. High diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in the latter phase DH = 0.2–2.1 × 10−9 m2 s−1 indicate an amorphous state of the H‐sublattice, whereas the strontium sublattice remains solid. Unlike Ca and Y, strontium forms molecular semiconducting polyhydrides, whereas calcium and yttrium polyhydrides are high‐TC superconductors with an atomic H sublattice. The discovered SrH22, a kind of hydrogen sponge, opens a new class of materials with ultrahigh content of hydrogen.
Controllable Physical Synergized Triboelectricity, Shape Memory, Self‐Healing, and Optical Sensing with Rollable Form Factor by Zn cluster
Authors: Ahn Dahye , Sun Jingzhe , Han Seunghye , Lee Jiwoo , Jeong Songah , Cha Seokjun , Noh Seonmyeong , Choi Hyeongsub , Ren Bingqi , Yoon Hyeonseok , Kim Hyungwoo , Park Jong‐Jin
Published: April 2022

To build devices offering users comfortable experience, it is important to focus on form factor and multifunctionality. In this study, for the first time, multifunctional Zn clusters with shape memory, self‐healing, triboelectricity, and optical sensing synergized with rollable form factor are designed and fabricated by coordinating COO− and Zn2+. As pore forming agent, Zn clusters produce hierarchical porous structure depending on Zn amount. Zn clusters are applied as message transmitters and charge containers in optical sensing and corona charge injection, respectively. Moreover, Zn clusters in PVB‐COO‐Zn serve as positive tribomaterial due to Zn ion doping effect, increasing the output performance as the Zn amount reaches 20 wt%. In addition, injecting positive charge into PVB‐COO‐Zn 20 lead to more than 24 times increase in output performance compared to those of non‐porous structures. The reversibility of Zn clusters endows shape memory and self‐healing, synergized with the rollable form factor. The rollability is implemented using the long alkyl chain and the energy absorption of porous structure, providing damage resistance. The advancements in this work provide opportunities for multifunctional and unique applications (shape memory rotating‐triboelectric nanogenerator, rollable self‐healing touchpad, hidden tag) synergized with rollability that accomplishes working in broadened condition in near future.
Novel Functionality in Switchable Polar Materials
Authors: Rabe Karin M. , Walker Frederick J. , Shin Yeong Jae , Ahn Charles H.
Published: April 2022

In research on functional materials, the focus of attention has increasingly shifted from ferroelectrics, with electric‐field‐driven switching between two or more symmetry‐related insulating polar states, to materials with functional behavior based on the competition of antipolar and polar states, or two or more symmetry inequivalent polar states, with switching driven by applied electric fields and/or stresses. When the competing states are not symmetry related, they can have quite distinct magnetic, optical, transport, and topological properties, with functionality derived from modulating these properties or even turning them on and off. In this perspective, the authors set out joint experimental–theoretical strategies for the discovery and development of new functional materials in this class.
Silver Triflate Catalyzed Domino Reactions of o‐Alkynylanilines: An Approach Toward Unsymmetrical Diarylacetates and Triarylmethanes
Authors: Jadhav Santosh D. , Singh Tavinder , Thakur Naveen , Singh Anand
Published: April 2022

Straightforward and efficient Ag(I) catalyzed domino reactions for the synthesis of unsymmetrical diarylacetate and triarylmethane derivatives has been reported. These reactions proceed via an initial 5‐endo‐dig cyclization of o‐alkynylanilines to result in the indole motif which further reacts with various electrophiles resulting in a wide range of unsymmetrical diarylacetates, diaryl ketones, and triarylmethanes. The strategy is versatile, displays broad substrate scope, and provides excellent yields of the products.