bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In VitroPlant Regeneration from Commercial Cultivars of Soybean
Authors: Raza Ghulam , Singh Mohan B. , Bhalla Prem L.
Published: June 2017

Soybean, a major legume crop, is the source of vegetable oil and protein. There is a need for transgenic approaches to breeding superior soybean varieties to meet future climate challenges. Efficient plant regeneration is a prerequisite for successful application of genetic transformation technology. Soybean cultivars are classified into different maturity groups based on photoperiod requirements. In this study, nine soybean varieties belonging to different maturity group were regenerated successfully from three different explants: half split hypocotyl, complete hypocotyl, and cotyledonary node. All the genotypes and explant types responded by producing adventitious shoots. Shoot induction potential ranged within 60–87%, 50–100%, and 75–100%, and regeneration rate ranged within 4.2–10, 2.7–4.2, and 2.6–10.5 shoots per explant using half split hypocotyl, complete hypocotyl, and cotyledonary explants, respectively, among all the tested genotypes. Bunya variety showed the best regeneration response using half split and complete hypocotyl explants and the PNR791 with cotyledonary node. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted and acclimatized to glasshouse conditions. This study shows that commercial varieties of soybean are amenable to shoot regeneration with high regeneration frequencies and could be exploited for genetic transformation. Further, our results show no correlation between shoots regeneration capacity with the maturity grouping of the soybean cultivars tested.
Synthesis of New (E)-2-(1H-Indole-3-ylcarbonyl)-3-heteroaryl-acrylonitriles via Microwave-Assisted Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Treuer Adriana V. , De-La-Torre Pedro , Gutiérrez Margarita I.
Published: June 2017

Given the broad spectrum of biological uses of heteroaryl-acrylonitrile derivatives, it is necessary to find simple methods to synthesize and diversify this family of compounds. We report a stereoselective synthesis of a series of new (E)-2-(1H-indole-3-ylcarbonyl)-3-heteroaryl-acrylonitriles (3a–3i) obtained from 3-(cyanoacetyl)indole and heteroaryl-aldehydes under microwave-assisted Knoevenagel reaction at 300 W of potency and 100°C. The desired derivatives (3a–3i) were obtained with variable yields (30–94%) and time reactions (8–90 min). All the heteroaryl-acrylonitriles were characterized by physicoanalytical techniques such IR, 1H, 13C NMR, and electrospray mass spectrometry.
Laparoscopic Radical Cholecystectomy for Primary or Incidental Early Gallbladder Cancer: The New Rules Governing the Treatment of Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Piccolo Gaetano , Piozzi Guglielmo Niccolò
Published: June 2017

Aim. To evaluate the technical feasibility and oncologic safety of laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy (LRC) for primary or incidental early gallbladder cancer (GBC) treatment. Methods. Articles reporting LRC for GBC were reviewed from the first case reported in 2010 to 2015 (129 patients). 116 patients had a preoperative diagnosis of gallbladder cancer (primary GBC). 13 patients were incidental cases (IGBC) discovered during or after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results. The majority of patients who underwent LRC were pT2 (62.7% GBC and 63.6% IGBC). Parenchyma-sparing operation with wedge resection of the gallbladder bed or resection of segments IVb-V were performed principally. Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy was carried out according to the reported depth of neoplasm invasion. Lymph node retrieved ranged from 3 to 21. Some authors performed routine sampling biopsy of the inter-aorto-caval lymph nodes (16b1 station) before the radical treatment. No postoperative mortality was documented. Discharge mean day was POD 5th. 16 patients had post operative morbidities. Bile leakage was the most frequent post-operative complication. 5 y-survival rate ranged from 68.75 to 90.7 months. Conclusion. Laparoscopy can not be considered as a dogmatic contraindication to GBC but a primary approach for early case (pT1b and pT2) treatment.
Prostate Cancer Stem Cell Markers Drive Progression, Therapeutic Resistance, and Bone Metastasis
Authors: Harris Koran S. , Kerr Bethany A.
Published: June 2017

Metastatic or recurrent tumors are the primary cause of cancer-related death. For prostate cancer, patients diagnosed with local disease have a 99% 5-year survival rate; however, this 5-year survival rate drops to 28% in patients with metastatic disease. This dramatic decline in survival has driven interest in discovering new markers able to identify tumors likely to recur and in developing new methods to prevent metastases from occurring. Biomarker discovery for aggressive tumor cells includes attempts to identify cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are defined as tumor cells capable of self-renewal and regenerating the entire tumor heterogeneity. Thus, it is hypothesized that CSCs may drive primary tumor aggressiveness, metastatic colonization, and therapeutic relapse. The ability to identify these cells in the primary tumor or circulation would provide prognostic information capable of driving prostate cancer treatment decisions. Further, the ability to target these CSCs could prevent tumor metastasis and relapse after therapy allowing for prostate cancer to finally be cured. Here, we will review potential CSC markers and highlight evidence that describes how cells expressing each marker may drive prostate cancer progression, metastatic colonization and growth, tumor recurrence, and resistance to treatment.
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy after Spinal Anesthesia for a Minimally Invasive Urologic Procedure
Authors: Lilitsis Emmanuel , Dermitzaki Despina , Avgenakis Georgios , Heretis Ioannis , Mpelantis Charalampos , Mamoulakis Charalampos
Published: June 2017

We present the case of a patient who suffered from Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) immediately after the initiation of subarachnoid anesthesia for a minimally invasive urologic procedure (tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) surgery for stress urine incontinence). TCM mimics acute coronary syndrome and is caused by an exaggerated sympathetic reaction to significant emotional or physical stress. Our patient suffered from chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, and hemodynamic instability immediately following subarachnoid anesthesia and later in the postanesthesia care unit. Blood troponin was elevated and new electrocardiographic changes appeared indicative of cardiac ischemia. Cardiac ultrasound indicated left ventricular apical akinesia and ballooning with severely affected contractility. The patient was admitted to coronary intensive care for the proper care and finally was discharged. TCM was attributed to high emotional preoperative stress for which no premedication had been administered to the patient. In conclusion, adequate premedication and anxiety management are not only a measure to alleviate psychological stress of surgical patients, but, more importantly, an imperative mean to suppress sympathetic nerve system response and its cardiovascular consequences.
Results of Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Hosny Mohamed H. , Marrie Ayah , Karim Sidky M. , GamalEldin Sherif , Salem Mohsen
Published: June 2017

Purpose. To evaluate femtosecond laser in DSAEK surgery as an improvement to manual DSAEK. Settings. Department of Ophthalmology, Cairo University. Design. A retrospective observational clinical study. Methods. 20 eyes with SBK and Fuchs’ dystrophy underwent a Femto-assisted DSAEK by laser cutting of two matching posterior stromal discs in the recipient and donor corneas and then fitting the donor disc in the posterior corneal defect of the recipient using Busin’s glide or Terry forceps. Results. Corneal thickness decreased significantly from a mean of 900-micron preoperative values (900.7 m) to 562 m postoperatively. Evidence of side healing was documented by OCT. One patient had a double AC, one patient had an air interface entrapment “Double Bubble,” one patient had a fungal infection and was treated by a therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, and one patient had a CMO. Conclusion. Femtolaser-assisted DSAEK may be superior to manual techniques as it offers better centration, thinner graft/host complex, earlier corneal detergecense, and stronger healing. This study was registered at Researchregistry.com with a UID: researchregistry2274.
Relationships between Bone Turnover and Energy Metabolism
Authors: Fernandes Tânia A. P. , Gonçalves Luísa M. L. , Brito José A. A.
Published: June 2017

It is well established that diabetes can be detrimental to bone health, and its chronic complications have been associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. However, there is growing evidence that the skeleton plays a key role in a whole-organism approach to physiology. The hypothesis that bone may be involved in the regulation of physiological functions, such as insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, has been suggested. Given the roles of insulin, adipokines, and osteocalcin in these pathways, the need for a more integrative conceptual approach to physiology is emphasized. Recent findings suggest that bone plays an important role in regulating intermediary metabolism, being possibly both a target of diabetic complications and a potential pathophysiologic factor in the disease itself. Understanding the relationships between bone turnover and glucose metabolism is important in order to develop treatments that might reestablish energy metabolism and bone health. This review describes new insights relating bone turnover and energy metabolism that have been reported in the literature.
Traumatic Submacular Hemorrhage with Macular Hole Repaired by Pneumatic Displacement and Intravitreal t-PA Injection
Authors: Mehta Amy A. , Berdia Jay , Wagner Lilly H. , Choi Irene , Johnson Brandon B.
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a case demonstrating repair of traumatic macular hole and submacular hemorrhage with intravitreal gas tamponade and t-PA in an office setting.
Antifungal Resistance, Metabolic Routes as Drug Targets, and New Antifungal Agents: An Overview about Endemic Dimorphic Fungi
Authors: Parente-Rocha Juliana Alves , Bailão Alexandre Melo , Amaral André Correa , Taborda Carlos Pelleschi , Paccez Juliano Domiraci , Borges Clayton Luiz , Pereira Maristela
Published: June 2017

Diseases caused by fungi can occur in healthy people, but immunocompromised patients are the major risk group for invasive fungal infections. Cases of fungal resistance and the difficulty of treatment make fungal infections a public health problem. This review explores mechanisms used by fungi to promote fungal resistance, such as the mutation or overexpression of drug targets, efflux and degradation systems, and pleiotropic drug responses. Alternative novel drug targets have been investigated; these include metabolic routes used by fungi during infection, such as trehalose and amino acid metabolism and mitochondrial proteins. An overview of new antifungal agents, including nanostructured antifungals, as well as of repositioning approaches is discussed. Studies focusing on the development of vaccines against antifungal diseases have increased in recent years, as these strategies can be applied in combination with antifungal therapy to prevent posttreatment sequelae. Studies focused on the development of a pan-fungal vaccine and antifungal drugs can improve the treatment of immunocompromised patients and reduce treatment costs.
In Situ Vaccination after Accelerated Hypofractionated Radiation and Surgery in a Mesothelioma Mouse Model
Authors: De La Maza Luis , Wu Matthew , Wu Licun , Yun Hana , Zhao Yidan , Cattral Mark , McCart Andrea , Cho BC John , de Perrot Marc
Published: June 2017

Purpose: How best to sequence and integrate immunotherapy into standard of care is currently unknown. Clinical protocols with accelerated nonablative hypofractionated radiation followed by surgery could provide an opportunity to implement immune checkpoint blockade.

Experimental Design: We therefore assessed the impact of nonablative hypofractionated radiation on the immune system in combination with surgery in a mouse mesothelioma model. Blunt surgery (R1 resection) was used to analyze the short-term effect, and radical surgery (R0 resection) was used to analyze the long-term effect of this radiation protocol before surgery.

Results: Nonablative hypofractionated radiation led to a specific immune activation against the tumor associated with significant upregulation of CD8+ T cells, limiting the negative effect of an incomplete resection. The same radiation protocol performed 7 days before radical surgery led to a long-term antitumor immune protection that was primarily driven by CD4+ T cells. Radical surgery alone or with a short course of nonablative radiation completed 24 hours before radical surgery did not provide this vaccination effect. Combining this radiation protocol with CTLA-4 blockade provided better results than radiation alone. The effect of PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade with this radiation protocol was less effective than the combination with CTLA-4 blockade.

Conclusions: A specific activation of the immune system against the tumor contributes to the benefit of accelerated, hypofractionated radiation before surgery. Nonablative hypofractionated radiation combined with surgery provides an opportunity to introduce immune checkpoint blockades in the clinical setting. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5502–13. ©2017 AACR.
Calcium-Sensing Receptor Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk of Developing Nephrolithiasis in a Chinese Population
Authors: Ding Qi , Fan Bo , Shi Ying , Fan Zhijiang , Ding Li , Li Feng , Tu Wenjian , Jin Xiaohua , Qin Chao , Cao Qiang , Yuan Qinbo , Wang Jing , Ouyang Jun
Published: June 2017

Objective: To evaluate the association between calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) Arg990Gly (rs1042636, A > G), Ala986Ser (rs1801725, G > T) polymorphisms, and urolithiasis risk. Methods: Polymorphisms mentioned above were genotyped in a hospital-based case-control study of 615 patients diagnosed with nephrolithiasis and 315 kidney stone-free controls in a Chinese population using the SNaPshot method. Results: The results indicated a significantly increased risk associated with CaSR Arg990Gly GG genotypes (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.08-2.50) compared with the AA genotype. The CaSR Arg990Gly G carriers (AG/GG) had an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.45 (1.04-2.03, p = 0.021) compared with the wild genotype in the dominant model. In the stratified analyses, the risk remained for the subgroup of patients with age >48, never smokers and patients with hypertension and calcium oxalate stones (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.02-3.09; OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.03-2.30; OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.32-6.07; OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.12-2.28, respectively). Conclusion: Our results provide evidences that the CaSR Arg990Gly polymorphism is associated with the risk of nephrolithiasis development in a Chinese population.
Should We Screen for Janus Kinase 2 V617F Mutation in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis?
Authors: Lamy Matthias , Palazzo Paola , Agius Pierre , Chomel Jean Claude , Ciron Jonathan , Berthomet Aline , Cantagrel Paul , Prigent Julia , Ingrand Pierre , Puyade Mathieu , Neau Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2017

Background: The presence of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation represents a major diagnostic criterion for detecting myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and even in the absence of overt MPN, JAK2 V617F mutation is associated with splanchnic vein thrombosis. However, the actual prevalence and diagnostic value of the JAK2 V617F mutation in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) are not known. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of JAK2 V617F mutation in a large group of consecutive CVT patients, to detect clinical, biological, and radiological features associated with the mutation, and to determine the long-term venous thrombosis recurrence rate in CVT patients with JAK2 mutation but without overt MPN in order to recommend the best preventive treatment. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted on consecutive patients with a first-ever radiologically confirmed CVT. JAK2 V617F mutation analysis was assessed in all the study subjects. JAK2 V617F-positive patients were followed up to detect new venous thrombotic events. Results: Of the 125 included subjects, 7 were found to have JAK2 V617F mutation (5.6%; 95% CI 2.3-11.2). Older age (p = 0.039) and higher platelet count (p = 0.004) were independently associated with JAK2 V617F positivity in patients without overt MPN. During a mean follow-up period of 59 (SD 46) months, 2 JAK2 V617F-positive patients presented with 4 new venous thromboembolic events. Conclusions: Screening for the JAK2 V617F mutation in CVT patients seems to be useful even in the absence of overt MPN and/or in the presence of other risk factors for CVT because of its relatively high prevalence and the risk of thrombosis recurrence.
Epidemiology of Acne Vulgaris in 18-Year-Old Male Army Conscripts in a South Brazilian City
Authors: Pereira Duquia Rodrigo , da Silva dos Santos Iná , de Almeida Jr. Hiram , Martins Souza Paulo Ricardo , de Avelar Breunig Juliano , Zouboulis Christos C.
Published: June 2017

Background: Prevalence of acne varies worldwide. Several factors (age, skin color, body fat, diet, and smoking) have been investigated as risk factors. Objective: A total of 2,201 18-year-old males living in Pelotas, South Brazil, were evaluated in order to examine the prevalence of acne and associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted. A dermatologist performed the clinical examination of the face and trunk for identification of acne lesions. Acne was evaluated as clinically noninflammatory, inflammatory, and acne with both types of lesions. Skin color, schooling, height, smoking, skinfolds, waist circumference, BMI, and dietary dairy intake were the independent variables used. Results: A response rate of 97.2% was obtained. Individuals without any acne lesion were 241 (10.9%); 161 (7.3%) only had noninflammatory lesions, 404 (18.4%) only inflammatory lesions; and 1,395 (63.4%) presented both types of lesions. In multivariate analysis, the type of lesions was different in light and dark skin phototype adolescents, with more common inflammatory lesions in the light phototype and noninflammatory ones in the dark phototype patients. Height was directly associated with the occurrence of all types of acne, whereas lower fat mass was associated with the occurrence of noninflammatory acne. While daily consumption of whole milk or yogurt was found to be associated with inflammatory acne in crude analysis, the association with milk was not detected and that with yogurt was low in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that future studies should explore determinants of noninflammatory and inflammatory acne separately, especially if mixed populations are studied.
Anastomotic Leakage after Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery: Endoscopic Treatment
Authors: Kähler Georg
Published: June 2017

Anastomotic leakages substantially influence the outcome of patients after major surgery of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy is important for making a diagnosis and for managing anastomotic leakages. By means of endoscopic inspection of the anastomotic site, not only the size and position of dehiscences but also the blood supply of the anastomotic region and an imminent leakage can be assessed. To close anastomotic leakages, several therapeutic methods are available, i.e. stenting, clipping, and the application of glue. In the majority of cases, the endoscopic application of a sponge for permanent suction (endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure therapy) is promising.
Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy and Long Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Procedure Time on Early and Delayed Postoperative Bleeding
Authors: Ueki Nobue , Futagami Seiji , Akimoto Teppei , Maruki Yuta , Yamawaki Hiroshi , Kodaka Yasuhiro , Nagoya Hiroyuki , Shindo Tomotaka , Kusunoki Masafumi , Kawagoe Tetsuro , Gudis Katya , Miyake Kazumasa , Iwakiri Katsuhiko
Published: June 2017

Background: Recent updated guidelines of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology recommend the use of a single dose of antiplatelet agents in patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, the postoperative bleeding risk after gastric ESD associated with the continuation or interruption of antithrombotic therapy remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate whether certain factors including interrupted antithrombotic therapy could affect early and delayed post-ESD bleeding risk. Methods: Three hundred sixty-four patients with gastric neoplasms were treated with ESD at our hospital between October 2005 and December 2012. Seventy-four patients with interrupted antithrombotic therapy were undertaken with ESD. Early and delayed postoperative bleeding patterns were estimated. Various clinical characteristics such as gender, age, tumor location, tumor size, ESD procedure time, platelet count, and comorbidity were evaluated. Results: There was a significant difference (p = 0.042) in the ESD procedure time between the patients with postoperative bleeding and those without it. There was no significant difference in postoperative bleeding between the patients on antithrombotic therapy and not on it. Moreover, interrupted antithrombotic therapy and platelet count were significantly (p = 0.0461 and p = 0.0059, respectively) associated with early postoperative bleeding in multivariate analysis. In addition, in univariate analysis, ESD procedure time was significantly (p = 0.041) associated with delayed postoperative bleeding. Conclusions: Antithrombotic therapy and prolonged ESD procedure time were significantly associated with early and delayed postoperative bleeding, respectively.
University Extension Project: It's Cool!
Authors: Silva Lorrayne Luiz , Paula Diego Galvão de , Mendo Cesar David
Published: June 2017

O Projeto É Legal é um projeto de extensão universitária de ação contínua que vem sendo realizado desde 2012, vinculado ao Departamento de Ciências Jurídicas, Cá- ceres, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso. O desenvolvimento do projeto contempla crianças das escolas públicas da região de Cáceres-MT, onde são realizados cinco encontros a cada semestre por universitários matriculados nos três primeiros semestres do referido curso, ministrando aulas com os seguintes temas: O que é Polí- tica?, O que é Participação?, Democracia, História do Voto e Cidadania. O fim almejado é fazer com que as crianças, que são o futuro de nosso país vejam a política da forma que ela realmente é e se desenvolve no meio social, não apenas tenham uma visão pejorativa e clichê do que é política, bem como auxiliar na interação da universidade e a sociedade local, gerando um aprendizado mais prático e humano
Extension as a Singular Dimension of Knowledge Construction
Authors: Oliveira Dennis De
Published: June 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão crítica da concepção de extensão apenas como uma socialização do conhecimento e propõe a sua ampliação para dimensão singular da construção do conhecimento. Para tanto, apresenta elementos para uma metodologia das ações extensionistas baseadas na concepção dialógica de Paulo Freire e outros autores, sinalizando para que a universidade se constitua como um espaço onde possam dialogar várias narrativas, inclusive dos grupos minoritários que, por esta condição, não têm suas vozes reconhecidas
All the World's a Stage: Theatre Workshops Experience in Mental Health
Authors: Gherardi-Donato Edilaine Cristina Silva , Fernandes Maria Neyrian De Fátima , Teixeira Carla Araujo Bastos , Gimenez Larissa Bessani Hidalgo , Moraes Vinícius Santos de
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho objetiva descrever a experiência das atividades desenvolvidas no Grupo de Teatro relacionadas ao projeto de cultura e extensão “Teatro e Saúde Mental” iniciado em 2010. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa e descritiva das atividades de desenvolvimento do Grupo de Teatro e sobre os resultados obtidos como desdobramento do projeto. A leitura dos resultados advindos da exploração da vivência dos facilitadores do grupo, somado ao material obtido das discussões pós- -atividades resultaram em três categorias: Quando abrem-se as cortinas: o grupo; A encenação do Eu e do Nós e Os bastidores. Pôde-se verificar que, ao estimular diferentes habilidades gerais, tais como criatividade, atenção, orientação, memória, raciocínio, reflexão, sensibilidade, expressão vocal e corporal, criou-se elementos para uma rela- ção profissional-paciente menos engessada e mais contextualizada. Além disso, através da valorização dos participantes, foi possível despertar sentidos, emoções e trocas de vivências, bem como estimular o pensar e o desenvolvimento cognitivo-comportamental e de habilidades sociais de cada qual, cujas experiências vividas no grupo desvelaram-se como referência para as situações reais do cotidiano. Percebeu-se que o teatro é um instrumento de promoção de mudança social, por isso, considera-se importante utilizá-lo com maior frequência nos ambientes clínico e terapêutico, bem como estimular o interesse de mais pesquisadores da Saúde a realizarem abordagens sobre os impactos da Arte nesses contextos
Trends in Prehypertension and Hypertension Risk Factors in US Adults
Authors: Booth John N. , Li Jiexiang , Zhang Lu , Chen Liwei , Muntner Paul , Egan Brent
Published: June 2017

Prehypertension is associated with increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Data are limited on the temporal changes in the prevalence of prehypertension and risk factors for hypertension and cardiovascular disease among US adults with prehypertension. We analyzed data from 30 958 US adults ≥20 years of age who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 1999 and 2012. Using the mean of 3 blood pressure (BP) measurements from a study examination, prehypertension was defined as systolic BP of 120 to 139 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg or diastolic BP of 80 to 89 mm Hg and systolic BP <140 mm Hg among participants not taking antihypertensive medication. Between 1999–2000 and 2011–2012, the percentage of US adults with prehypertension decreased from 31.2% to 28.2% (
P
trend=0.007). During this time period, the prevalence of several risk factors for cardiovascular disease and incident hypertension increased among US adults with prehypertension, including prediabetes (9.6% to 21.6%), diabetes mellitus (6.0% to 8.5%), overweight (33.5% to 37.3%), and obesity (30.6% to 35.2%). There was a nonstatistically significant increase in no weekly leisure-time physical activity (40.0% to 43.9%). Also, the prevalence of adhering to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension eating pattern decreased (18.4% to 11.9%). In contrast, there was a nonstatistically significant decline in current smoking (25.9% to 23.2%). In conclusion, the prevalence of prehypertension has decreased modestly since 1999–2000. Population-level approaches directed at adults with prehypertension are needed to improve risk factors to prevent hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Effects of Folic Acid Therapy on the New-Onset Proteinuria in Chinese Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Li Youbao , Liang Min , Wang Guobao , Wang Binyan , He Mingli , Tang Genfu , Yin Delu , Xu Xin , Huo Yong , Cui Yimin , Hou Fan Fan , Qin Xianhui
Published: June 2017

We aimed to test the hypothesis that treatment with enalapril and folic acid is more effective in preventing new-onset proteinuria than enalapril alone among hypertensive patients. This is a post hoc analysis of the renal substudy of the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial). A total of 13 071 eligible participants without proteinuria were randomized to receive a double-blind daily treatment of a single tablet containing 10-mg enalapril and 0.8-mg folic acid (n=6511) or 10-mg enalapril alone (n=6560). The primary outcome was new-onset proteinuria, defined as a urine dipstick reading of ≥1+ at the exit visit. Secondary outcomes included a composite of the primary outcome and all-cause death and the annual rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline. After a median 4.4 years of treatment, the primary event occurred in 213 (3.9%) and 188 (3.5%) participants, respectively, in the enalapril and the enalapril–folic acid group (odds ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–1.11). However, among participants with diabetes mellitus at baseline, folic acid therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the risk for the primary event (3.7% in the enalapril–folic acid group versus 7.4% in the enalapril group; odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–0.81) and the composite event (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–0.92) and a 55% slower annual rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline (0.5% versus 1.1% per year;
P
=0.002). Among those without diabetes mellitus at baseline, there were no between-group differences in all the outcomes. In conclusion, enalapril–folic acid therapy, compared with enalapril alone, significantly reduced the development of proteinuria in diabetic patients with hypertension.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00794885.
The Sequential College Application Process
Authors: Smith Jonathan
Published: June 2017

To demonstrate the sequential nature of the college application process, in this paper I analyze the evolution of applications among high-achieving low-income students through data on the exact timing of SAT score sends. I describe at what point students send scores to colleges and which score sends ultimately become applications, resulting in three main points. First, score sends are not synonymous with applications—rather, only 62 percent of score sends in this sample turn into applications. Second, the conversion from score send to application is nonrandom as it relates to college characteristics: Score sends are more likely to convert into applications when they are to colleges with lower tuition, higher graduation rates, and relatively near a student's home. Third, the timing of score sends is related to the probability of its becoming an application, whereby score sends sent relatively early are least likely to become applications. These facts imply that there is room for improvement when modeling the application process and, in addition, the timing of an intervention or policy may be critical to its success.
‘Aram’ in the Aramaic Inscriptions from Sefire
Authors: Dušek Jan
Published: June 2017

Over many decades the references to ‘Aram’ in the Aramaic inscription Sefire I A, 5–6 have been interpreted as referring to a geographical location. Various scholars have proposed different solutions for the identification of this region. Nevertheless, a parallel formula, which appears in some Neo-Assyrian adê-texts, sheds new light on the meaning of ‘Aram’ in the Sefire inscription.
The Psylloidea (Hemiptera) of Israel
Authors: SPODEK MALKIE , BURCKHARDT DANIEL , FREIDBERG AMNON
Published: June 2017

The psyllids or jumping plant-lice of Israel are reviewed from literature records and collected insect material. Eighteen species are reported from Israel for the first time, bringing the total to 94 species from 35 genera, in five families. Three species are described as new: Caillardia springatei Spodek & Burckhardt, Craspedolepta merzi Spodek & Burckhardt and Eremopsylloides vicinus Spodek & Burckhardt, and one new combination is proposed: Crastina heslopharrisoni (Samy, 1972), comb. nov. from Craspedolepta. Six additional unidentified species are recorded from the genera Bactericera (2 species), Cacopsylla, Craspedolepta, Eryngiofaga and Pachypsylloides. We list new taxa for Israel, update the taxonomy and indicate the known geographic distribution for each species. Host plants and economically important psyllids are discussed. A key to adult psyllids is provided.
Restoring the species status of Catharus maculatus (Aves: Turdidae), a secretive Andean thrush, with a critique of the yardstick approach to species delimitation
Authors: HALLEY MATTHEW R. , KLICKA JOHN C. , CLEE PAUL R. SESINK , WECKSTEIN JASON D.
Published: June 2017

In the 1850s, two species of "Spotted" Nightingale-Thrush (Aves: Catharus) were independently described from montane rainforests of Guatemala, C. dryas (Gould, 1855) and Ecuador, C. maculatus (Sclater, 1858). However, due to similarities in plumage color, C. maculatus was reclassified as a subspecies of C. dryas in 1878, a decision that has been upheld for 137 years. We collected multiple lines of evidence including phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences (ND2), discriminant and principal components analysis of morphometric and vocal data, and statistical modeling of ecological niches, that collectively indicate that C. d. dryas and C. d. maculatus are independent species. We recommend restoring species status to C. maculatus of South America and applying the common name Sclater’s Nightingale-Thrush to this species.
Stigma and work discrimination among cancer survivors: A scoping review and recommendations
Authors: Stergiou-Kita Mary , Qie Xueqing , Yau Hau Ki , Lindsay Sally
Published: June 2017

Background.

Stigma and workplace discrimination can hinder employment opportunities for cancer survivors.

Purpose.

This study explored perceptions of stigma and workplace discrimination for cancer survivors to understand the impact on survivors’ engagement in paid work and to identify strategies to address stigma and workplace discrimination.

Method.

Using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, we searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL for evidence that intersected three concepts: cancer, stigma, and employment/workplace discrimination. Of the 1,514 articles initially identified, 39 met our inclusion criteria. Findings were charted, collated, and analyzed using content analysis.

Findings.

Myths regarding cancer (i.e., it is contagious, will always result in death) persist and can create misperceptions regarding survivors’ employability and lead to self-stigmatization. Workplace discrimination may include hiring discrimination, harassment, job reassignment, job loss, and limited career advancement. Strategies to mitigate stigma and workplace discrimination include education, advocacy, and antidiscrimination policies.

Implications.

Occupational therapists can enhance awareness of workplace concerns and advocate on behalf of cancer survivors.
Beliefs of Applied Studio Faculty on Desirable Traits of Prospective Music Education Majors
Authors: Royston Natalie Steele , Springer D. Gregory
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the beliefs of applied music faculty on desirable traits of prospective music education majors. Respondents ( N = 326), who were sampled from 73 National Association of Schools of Music–accredited institutions in the United States, completed a survey instrument developed to determine the characteristics of the admissions process at their institutions, their perceptions of various professional dispositions for entering music education majors, and their perceptions of various selection criteria for entering music education majors. Results indicated that music education faculty hold little or no responsibility for admissions decisions and that admissions decisions are primarily made by applied music faculty at many institutions. They also reported that “demonstrates a passion for music” and “is responsible and dependable” are the most desirable professional dispositions for entering freshmen music education majors and that “desire to be a music educator” and “teachability” are the most important selection criteria used when admitting freshmen music education majors. Free-response data suggest that applied faculty members consider various facets during the admissions process, including a prospective music education major’s personal characteristics, musical characteristics, academic characteristics, and prior teaching/leadership experience. Implications for music educators are discussed, and suggestions for future research are proposed.
The Financial Burden of Public Health Responses to Hepatitis A Cases Among Food Handlers, 2012-2014
Authors: Morey Rebecca J. , Collier Melissa G. , Nelson Noele P.
Published: June 2017

When food handlers become ill with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, state and local health departments must assess the risk of HAV transmission through prepared food and recommend or provide postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) for those at risk for HAV infection. Providing PEP (eg, hepatitis A [HepA] vaccine or immunoglobulin), however, is costly. To describe the burden of these responses on state and local health departments, we determined the number of public health responses to HAV infections among food handlers by reviewing public internet sources of media articles. We then contacted each health department to collect data on whether PEP was recommended to food handlers or restaurant patrons, the number of PEP doses given, the number of HepA vaccine or immunoglobulin doses given as PEP, and the mean number of health department person-hours required for the response. Of 32 public health responses identified from Twitter, HealthMap, and Google alerts from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2014, a total of 27 (84%) recommended PEP for other food handlers or restaurant patrons or both. Per public health response, the mean cost per dose of the HepA vaccine or immunoglobulin was $34 139; the mean personnel cost per response was $7329; and the total mean cost of each response was $41 468. PEP is expensive. Less aggressive approaches to PEP, such as limiting PEP to fellow food handlers in nonoutbreak situations, should be considered in the postvaccination era. HepA vaccine for PEP provides long-term immunity and can be used when immunoglobulin is unavailable or cannot be administered within 14 days of exposure to HAV.
Resilience From a Virtue Perspective
Authors: Kim Jeong Han , Hawley Carolyn E. , Gonzalez Rene , Vo Abigail K. , Barbir Lara A. , McMahon Brian T. , Lee Dong-Hun , Lee Jung Hee , Lee Yun Woo
Published: June 2017

Resilience refers to one’s ability to adapt and navigate through challenges in the face of a chronic illness and disability (CID). Originally reported in posttraumatic stress literature, resilience has been studied in various contexts; however, very few studies have been conducted from a virtue perspective. Virtue, in psychological terms, is consistent, everyday action toward a worthwhile pursuit, based on one’s values. From a virtue perspective, resilience is defined as a positive by-product of having endured adversities while transforming them into insightful opportunities for renewal. This article introduces the virtue-based psychosocial adaptation model (V-PAM) and its applicability to the study of resilience. College students with CID ( N = 256) were recruited, and their resilience was empirically examined based on the proposed model.
Cities in music videos: Audiovisual variations on London’s neoliberal skyline
Authors: Rossetto Tania , Andrigo Annalisa
Published: June 2017

Despite the resurgence of music video clips in the YouTube era, they have not received attention as a specific subject of inquiry in either cultural or urban geography. This article is aimed at providing a full consideration of music videos with a focus on the urban realm. In particular, the paper concentrates on how neoliberal iconic buildings and city skylines emerge in music videos by using London as a case study. Drawing from recent developments within architectural geography and urban morphology, as well as in the geocultural subfields of music geography, media geography and film geography, the paper shows how a partial return to critical traditional interests and text-based research styles could be still useful to appreciate the mutable, fluid, and affective ways in which skylines are mediated. The empirical part of the paper provides an analysis of three music videos set in London and with lyrics and music that refer to a mood or feeling ascribed to London’s iconic architecture.1
Four worlds of productivity growth: A comparative analysis of human capital investment policy and productivity growth outcomes
Authors: Sakamoto Takayuki
Published: June 2017

Labor productivity is an important determinant of the wealth of national economies and standards of living, as its growth explains half of per capita GDP growth. I show that there are four worlds of productivity growth among industrialized countries, by decomposing labor productivity growth into multifactor productivity (MFP) growth and capital deepening. The four worlds that emerge from the analysis are: (1) human capital investment- and MFP growth-dominant Nordic countries; (2) physical capital investment- and labor productivity growth-dominant liberal countries; (3) continental European countries whose moderately high human capital investments create decently high MFP growth, but whose low physical capital investments push down their labor productivity; and (4) South European countries with both the lowest human capital investment and lowest productivity growth. The four worlds are a result partly of the countries’ partisan politics, economic growth strategies, and human capital formation policies – different policies add differently to the components of labor productivity.
Survival Outcomes in Patients with T2N0M0 (Stage II) Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx
Authors: Gainor Danielle L. , Marchiano Emily , Bellile Emily , Spector Matthew E. , Taylor Jeremy M. G. , Wolf Gregory T. , Hogikyan Norman D. , Prince Mark E. , Bradford Carol R. , Eisbruch Avraham , Worden Francis , Shuman Andrew G.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Emerging data have demonstrated suboptimal outcomes among patients with stage II larynx cancer. Our objective is to report survival outcomes for T2N0M0 larynx cancer and to determine the cause‐specific survival.

Study Design

Case series with planned data collection.

Setting

Tertiary academic center.

Subjects

Adults with T2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx treated with curative intent.

Methods

A head and neck cancer epidemiology database was queried for eligible subjects from 2003 to 2014. Data were extracted from the electronic medical record and research database, and survival analyses were performed.

Results

Thirty‐four patients with previously untreated stage II larynx cancer were identified (median follow‐up 48 months). Patients included 27 males and 7 females with a mean age of 59 years. The majority of tumors arose from the glottis (59%). Of the cohort, 12% were treated with surgery, 65% radiation therapy, and 24% chemoradiation therapy. The estimated 2‐year overall survival was 81%, (95% confidence interval [CI], 59%‐92%), disease‐specific survival was 91% (95% CI, 69%‐98%), and recurrence‐free survival was 84% (95% CI, 65%‐93%). Four of 5 patients with persistent or recurrent disease posttreatment were successfully salvaged with total laryngectomy with 100% locoregional control. There were 11 mortalities (2 disease related, 2 due to metachronous primaries, 3 treatment related, and 4 from other/unknown causes).

Conclusion

Stage II laryngeal cancer has suboptimal survival outcomes. This appears to be a reflection of medical comorbidities, propensity for metachronous primaries, and the sequelae of late treatment effects rather than poor locoregional control.
Milk, ‘Race’ and Nation: Medical Advice on Breastfeeding in Colonial Bengal
Authors: Saha Ranjana
Published: June 2017

This article analyses medical opinion about nursing of infants by memsahibs and dais as well as the Bengali-Hindu bhadramahila as the ‘immature’ child-mother and the ‘mature’, ‘goddess-like’ mother in the tropical environment of nineteenth and early twentieth century Bengal. It shows how the nature of lactation, breast milk and breastfeeding are socially constructed and become central to medical advice on motherhood and childcare aimed at regenerating community, ‘racial’ and/or national health, including manly vigour for imperial, colonial and nationalist purposes. In colonial Bengal, the topic of breastfeeding surfaces as crucial to understanding colonial and nationalist, medical and medico-legal representations of maternal and child health constituted by gendered, racialised, classed and caste-ridden, biological/cultural and pure/polluting traits, often considered transferable through milk and blood.
Sikh Women’s Biography
Authors: Manchanda Mahima
Published: June 2017

This article examines the biography of Bibi Harnam Kaur, the young co-founder of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya, established in 1892 in Ferozepur, Punjab as one of the earliest schools for the education of Sikh girls. The opening of this school by her husband, Bhai Takht Singh, raises questions about the extent to which such initiatives reflected the desire of Sikh men and of the Singh Sabha at that time to ensure that their women should become educated to emerge as ideal wives and mothers. The clearly hagiographical biography presents Bibi Harnam Kaur as an extraordinary young woman destined for greatness, but also raises many tensions, contradictions and conflicts hidden below the surface concerning female education in India, which a feminist reading of this biography against the grain seeks to bring out.
Effects of the acetabular fracture index and other factors of posterior wall acetabular fracture on functional outcome
Authors: Long Hai-Tao , Deng Zhen-Han , Zou Min , Lin Zhang-Yuan , Zhu Jian-Xi , Zhu Yong
Published: June 2017

Objective

To analyze the effects of the acetabular fracture index (AFI) and other factors on the functional outcome of patients with acetabular fractures involving the posterior wall.

Methods

Forty-eight patients who underwent surgery in our department were reviewed. According to the AFI, which indicates the percentage of remaining intact posterior acetabular arc, the patients were divided into Group A (AFI ≤ 25%, 11 patients), Group B (25% < AFI ≤ 50%, 23 patients), Group C (50% < AFI ≤ 75%, 7 patients), and Group D (75% < AFI ≤ 100%, 7 patients). The AFI was measured with a computed tomography picture archiving and communication system or calculated with the cosine theorem. A nonparametric test and ordinal regression were used to determine the role of the AFI and other factors on the functional outcome. Perioperative information, including demographic and fracture-related data, reduction quality, physical therapy duration, association with a lower limb fracture and avascular necrosis of the femoral head were prospectively gathered.

Results

The mean AFIs of A, B, C, and D groups were 14.3%, 35.9%, 59.5%, and 81.2%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed among the groups for demographic and fracture-related data. A better reduction quality (OR = 4.21, 95%CI 1.42 ∼ 12.43, χ2 = 6.781, P = 0.009) and a larger value of AFI (OR = 2.56, 95%CI 1.18 ∼ 5.55, χ2 = 5.648, P = 0.017) result in a higher functional score. The functional outcome of a physical therapy duration of more than 12 months (OR = 0.15, 95%CI 0.02 ∼ 0.90, χ2 = 4.324, P = 0.038) was better than that of less than 12 months. Lower limb fracture (OR = 0.13, 95%CI 0.02 ∼ 0.74, χ2 = 5.235, P = 0.022) and avascular necrosis of femoral head (OR = 0.02, 95%CI 0.00 ∼ 0.87, χ2 = 4.127, P = 0.042) were found to correlate with a lower functional score.

Conclusion

With a greater of AFI, the functional outcome score would be better. Other factors, including reduction quality, physical therapy duration, association with a lower limb fracture, and avascular necrosis of the femoral head, most likely also affect hip functional recovery.