bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From eDNA to decisions using a multi-method approach to restoration planning in streams
Authors: Adams A. J. , Kamoroff C. , Daniele N. R. , Grasso R. L. , Halstead B. J. , Kleeman P. M. , Mengelt C. , Powelson K. , Seaborn T. , Goldberg C. S.
Published: June 2024

Reintroduction efforts are increasingly used to mitigate biodiversity losses, but are frequently challenged by inadequate planning and uncertainty. High quality information about population status and threats can be used to prioritize reintroduction and restoration efforts and can transform ad hoc approaches into opportunities for improving conservation outcomes at a landscape scale. We conducted comprehensive environmental DNA (eDNA) and visual encounter surveys to determine the distribution of native and non-native aquatic species in two high-priority watersheds to address key uncertainties—such as the distribution of threats and the status of existing populations—inherent in restoration planning. We then used these occurrence data to develop a menu of potential conservation actions and a decision framework to benefit an endangered vertebrate (foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii) in dynamic stream systems. Our framework combines the strengths of multiple methods, allowing managers and conservation scientists to incorporate conservation science and site-specific knowledge into the planning process to increase the likelihood of achieving conservation goals.
Serum vitamin D, blood pressure and hypertension risk in the HUNT study using observational and Mendelian randomization approaches
Authors: Jiang Lin , Sun Yi-Qian , Denos Marion , Brumpton Ben Michael , Chen Yue , Malmo Vegard , Sanderson Eleanor , Mai Xiao-Mei
Published: June 2024

Limited studies have triangulated the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) or hypertension risk utilizing both observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. We employed data from the Norwegian Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) to conduct cross-sectional (n = 5854) and prospective (n = 3592) analyses, as well as one-sample MR (n = 86,324). We also used largest publicly available data for two-sample MR. Our cross-sectional analyses showed a 25 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a 1.73 mmHg decrease in SBP (95% CI − 2.46 to − 1.01), a 0.91 mmHg decrease in DBP (95% CI − 1.35 to − 0.47) and 19% lower prevalence of hypertension (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.90) after adjusting for important confounders. However, these associations disappeared in prospective analyses. One-sample and two-sample MR results further suggested no causal relationship between serum vitamin D levels and blood pressure or hypertension risk in the general population.
The potential of a novel enzyme-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor for direct detection of dopamine
Authors: Jabbari Safoura , Dabirmanesh Bahareh , Daneshjou Sara , Khajeh Khosro
Published: June 2024

Dopamine is one of the significant neurotransmitters and its monitoring in biological fluids is a critical issue in healthcare and modern biomedical technology. Here, we have developed a dopamine biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). For this purpose, the carboxymethyl dextran SPR chip was used as a surface to immobilize laccase as a bioaffinity recognition element. Data analysis exhibited that the acidic pH value is the optimal condition for dopamine interaction. Calculated kinetic affinity (KD) (48,545 nM), obtained from a molecular docking study, showed strong association of dopamine with the active site of laccase. The biosensor exhibited a linearity from 0.01 to 189 μg/ml and a lower detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml (signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 3) that is significantly higher than the most direct dopamine detecting sensors reported so far. Experiments for specificity in the presence of compounds that can co-exist with dopamine detection such as ascorbic acid, urea and l-dopa showed no significant interference. The current dopamine biosensor with high sensitivity and specificity, represent a novel detection tool that offers a label-free, simple procedure and cost effective monitoring system.
Hippocampal-dependent navigation in head-fixed mice using a floating real-world environment
Authors: Stuart Sarah A. , Palacios-Filardo Jon , Domanski Aleks , Udakis Matt , Duguid Ian , Jones Matt W. , Mellor Jack R.
Published: June 2024

Head-fixation of mice enables high-resolution monitoring of neuronal activity coupled with precise control of environmental stimuli. Virtual reality can be used to emulate the visual experience of movement during head fixation, but a low inertia floating real-world environment (mobile homecage, MHC) has the potential to engage more sensory modalities and provide a richer experimental environment for complex behavioral tasks. However, it is not known whether mice react to this adapted environment in a similar manner to real environments, or whether the MHC can be used to implement validated, maze-based behavioral tasks. Here, we show that hippocampal place cell representations are intact in the MHC and that the system allows relatively long (20 min) whole-cell patch clamp recordings from dorsal CA1 pyramidal neurons, revealing sub-threshold membrane potential dynamics. Furthermore, mice learn the location of a liquid reward within an adapted T-maze guided by 2-dimensional spatial navigation cues and relearn the location when spatial contingencies are reversed. Bilateral infusions of scopolamine show that this learning is hippocampus-dependent and requires intact cholinergic signalling. Therefore, we characterize the MHC system as an experimental tool to study sub-threshold membrane potential dynamics that underpin complex navigation behaviors.
Assessment of TP53 and CDKN2A status as predictive markers of malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma
Authors: Kwon Soohyeon , Kim Jeong-Whun , Kim Eun Sun , Paik Jin Ho , Chung Jin-Haeng , Cho Sung-Woo , Won Tae-Bin , Rhee Chae-Seo , Wee Jee Hye , Kim Hyojin
Published: June 2024

The mechanism and predictive biomarkers of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are still unclear. We investigated the genetic mutations involved and the predictive biomarkers. Fourteen patients with SCC arising from IP and six patients with IPs without malignant transformation (sIP) were included. DNA was extracted separately from areas of normal tissue, IP, dysplasia, and SCC. Whole exome sequencing and immunohistochemistry was performed. Major oncogenic mutations were observed in the progression from IP to SCC. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (39%) and CDKN2A (27%). Mutations in TP53 and/or CDKN2A were observed in three of six IPs with malignant transformation (cIP); none were observed in sIPs. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) increased from IP to SCC (0.64/Mb, 1.11/Mb, and 1.25 for IP, dysplasia, and SCC, respectively). TMB was higher in the cIPs than in the sIPs (0.64/Mb vs 0.3/Mb). Three cIPs showed a diffuse strong or null pattern in p53, and one showed a total loss of p16, a distinct pattern from sIPs. Our result suggests that TP53 and CDKN2A status can be predictive markers of malignant transformation of IP. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry of p53 and p16 expression can be surrogate markers for TP53 and CDKN2A status.
Identification and analyses of exonic and copy number variants in spastic paraplegia
Authors: Shafique Anum , Nadeem Ayesha , Aslam Faiza , Manzoor Humera , Noman Muhammad , Wohler Elizabeth , Witmer P. Dane , Sobreira Nara , Naz Sadaf
Published: June 2024

Hereditary spastic paraplegias are a diverse group of degenerative disorders that are clinically categorized as isolated; with involvement of lower limb spasticity, or symptomatic, where spastic paraplegia is complicated by further neurological features. We sought to identify the underlying genetic causes of these disorders in the participating patients. Three consanguineous families with multiple affected members were identified by visiting special schools in the Punjab Province. DNA was extracted from blood samples of the participants. Exome sequencing was performed for selected patients from the three families, and the data were filtered to identify rare homozygous variants. ExomeDepth was used for the delineation of the copy number variants. All patients had varying degrees of intellectual disabilities, poor speech development, spasticity, a wide-based gait or an inability to walk and hypertonia. In family RDHR07, a homozygous deletion involving multiple exons and introns of SPG11 (NC000015.9:g.44894055_449028del) was found and correlated with the phenotype of the patients who had spasticity and other complex movement disorders, but not those who exhibited ataxic or indeterminate symptoms as well. In families ANMD03 and RDFA06, a nonsense variant, c.985C > T;(p.Arg329Ter) in DDHD2 and a frameshift insertion‒deletion variant of AP4B1, c.965-967delACTinsC;p.(Tyr322SerfsTer14), were identified which were homozygous in the patients while the obligate carriers in the respective pedigrees were heterozygous. All variants were ultra-rare with none, or very few carriers identified in the public databases. The three loss of function variants are likely to cause nonsense-mediated decay of the respective transcripts. Our research adds to the genetic variability associated with the SPG11 and AP4B1 variants and emphasizes the genetic heterogeneity of hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Partner gaze shapes the relationship between symptoms of psychopathology and interpersonal coordination
Authors: Macpherson M. C. , Brown A. J. , Kallen R. W. , Richardson M. J. , Miles L. K.
Published: June 2024

Interpersonal coordination is a key determinant of successful social interaction but can be disrupted when people experience symptoms related to social anxiety or autism. Effective coordination rests on individuals directing their attention towards interaction partners. Yet little is known about the impact of the attentional behaviours of the partner themselves. As the gaze of others has heightened salience for those experiencing social anxiety or autism, addressing this gap can provide insight into how symptoms of these disorders impact coordination. Using a novel virtual reality task, we investigated whether partner gaze (i.e., direct vs. averted) influenced the emergence of interpersonal coordination. Results revealed: (i) spontaneous coordination was diminished in the averted (cf. direct) gaze condition; (ii) spontaneous coordination was positively related to symptoms of social anxiety, but only when partner gaze was averted. This latter finding contrasts the extant literature and points to the importance of social context in shaping the relationship between symptoms of psychopathology and interpersonal coordination.
Freshwater microalgae Nannochloropsis limnetica for the production of β-galactosidase from whey powder
Authors: Li Yuchen , Miros Svitlana , Eckhardt Hans-Georg , Blanco Alfonso , Mulcahy Shane , Tiwari Brijesh Kumar , Halim Ronald
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the first-ever reported use of freshwater Nannochloropsis for the bioremediation of dairy processing side streams and co-generation of valuable products, such as β-galactosidase enzyme. In this study, N. limnetica was found to grow rapidly on both autoclaved and non-autoclaved whey-powder media (referred to dairy processing by-product or DPBP) without the need of salinity adjustment or nutrient additions, achieving a biomass concentration of 1.05–1.36 g L−1 after 8 days. The species secreted extracellular β-galactosidase (up to 40.84 ± 0.23 U L−1) in order to hydrolyse lactose in DPBP media into monosaccharides prior to absorption into biomass, demonstrating a mixotrophic pathway for lactose assimilation. The species was highly effective as a bioremediation agent, being able to remove > 80% of total nitrogen and phosphate in the DPBP medium within two days across all cultures. Population analysis using flow cytometry and multi-channel/multi-staining methods revealed that the culture grown on non-autoclaved medium contained a high initial bacterial load, comprising both contaminating bacteria in the medium and phycosphere bacteria associated with the microalgae. In both autoclaved and non-autoclaved DPBP media, Nannochloropsis cells were able to establish a stable microalgae–bacteria interaction, suppressing bacterial takeover and emerging as dominant population (53–80% of total cells) in the cultures. The extent of microalgal dominance, however, was less prominent in the non-autoclaved media. High initial bacterial loads in these cultures had mixed effects on microalgal performance, promoting β-galactosidase synthesis on the one hand while competing for nutrients and retarding microalgal growth on the other. These results alluded to the need of effective pre-treatment step to manage bacterial population in microalgal cultures on DPBP. Overall, N. limnetica cultures displayed competitive β-galactosidase productivity and propensity for efficient nutrient removal on DPBP medium, demonstrating their promising nature for use in the valorisation of dairy side streams.
Intermediate multidomain state in single-crystalline Mn-doped BiFeO3 thin films during ferroelectric polarization switching
Authors: Nakashima Seiji , Kimura Koji , Happo Naohisa , Ang Artoni Kevin R. , Yamamoto Yuta , Sekhar Halubai , Osaka Ai I. , Hayashi Koichi , Fujisawa Hironori
Published: June 2024

A intermediate multidomain state and large crystallographic tilting of 1.78° for the (hh0)pc planes of a (001)pc-oriented single-domain Mn-doped BiFeO3 (BFMO) thin film were found when an electric field was applied along the [110]pc direction. The anomalous crystallographic tilting was caused by ferroelastic domain switching of the 109° domain switching. In addition, ferroelastic domain switching occurred via an intermediate multidomain state. To investigate these switching dynamics under an electric field, we used in situ fluorescent X-ray induced Kossel line pattern measurements with synchrotron radiation. In addition, in situ inverse X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) experiments revealed that atomic displacement occurred under an applied electric field. We attributed the atomic displacement to crystallographic tilting induced by a converse piezoelectric effect. Our findings provide important insights for the design of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials and devices.
Exposure assessment of dairy cows to parabens using hair samples analysis
Authors: Gonkowski Slawomir , Tzatzarakis Manolis , Kadyralieva Nariste , Vakonaki Elena , Lamprakis Thomas
Published: June 2024

Parabens (PBs) are used as preservatives in various products. They pollute the environment and penetrate living organisms, showing endocrine disrupting activity. Till now studies on long-term exposure of farm animals to PBs have not been performed. Among matrices using in PBs biomonitoring hair samples are becoming more and more important. During this study concentration levels of methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), propyl paraben (PrP) butyl paraben (BuP) and benzyl paraben (BeP) were evaluated using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in hair samples collected from dairy cows bred in the Kyrgyz Republic. MeP was noted in 93.8% of samples (with mean concentration levels 62.2 ± 61.8 pg/mg), PrP in 16.7% of samples (12.4 ± 6.5 pg/mg) and EtP in 8.3% of samples (21.4 ± 11.9 pg/mg). BuP was found only in one sample (2.1%) and BeP was not detected in any sample included in the study. Some differences in MeP concentration levels in the hair samples depending on district, where cows were bred were noted. This study has shown that among PBs, dairy cows are exposed mainly to MeP, and hair samples may be a suitable matrix for research on PBs levels in farm animals.
Agricultural landscape simplification affects wild plant reproduction indirectly through herbivore-mediated changes in floral display
Authors: Schroeder Hayley , Salzberg Annika , Grab Heather , Crowther Shea , Hale Casey , Poveda Katja
Published: June 2024

As natural landscapes are modified and converted into simplified agricultural landscapes, the community composition and interactions of organisms persisting in these modified landscapes are altered. While many studies examine the consequences of these changing interactions for crops, few have evaluated the effects on wild plants. Here, we examine how pollinator and herbivore interactions affect reproductive success for wild resident and phytometer plants at sites along a landscape gradient ranging from natural to highly simplified. We tested the direct and indirect effects of landscape composition on plant traits and reproduction mediated by insect interactions. For phytometer plants exposed to herbivores, we found that greater landscape complexity corresponded with elevated herbivore damage, which reduced total flower production but increased individual flower size. Though larger flowers increased pollination, the reduction in flowers ultimately reduced plant reproductive success. Herbivory was also higher in complex landscapes for resident plants, but overall damage was low and therefore did not have a cascading effect on floral display and reproduction. This work highlights that landscape composition directly affects patterns of herbivory with cascading effects on pollination and wild plant reproduction. Further, the absence of an effect on reproduction for resident plants suggests that they may be adapted to their local insect community.
CD248-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer via inducing M2-polarized macrophages
Authors: Xiao Jing , Yang Zeyang , Wang Siyu , Liu Xinlei , Wang Yun , Hu Zuquan , Zeng Zhu , Wu Jieheng
Published: June 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-originating cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) expressing CD248 regulate interaction with immune cells to accelerate cancer progression. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key feature of metastatic cells. In our pervious study, we found that CD248+CAFs activated M2-polarized macrophages, enhancing the progression of NSCLC. However, it is yet unclear how CD248+CAFs inducing M2-polarized macrophages induce EMT program in NSCLC cells. Herein, we examined CD248 expression from CAFs derived from NSCLC patient tumour tissues. Furthermore, we determined the influence of CD248 knock down CAFs on macrophages polarization. Next, we explored the influences of CD248-harboring CAFs-mediated M2 macrophage polarization to promote NSCLC cells EMT in vitro. We constructed fibroblasts specific CD248 gene knock out mice to examine the significance of CD248-harboring CAFs-induced M2-polarized macrophages to promote NSCLC cells EMT in vivo. Based on our analysis, CD248 is ubiquitously expressed within NSCLC-originating CAFs. CD248+CAFs mediated macrophages polarized to M2 type macrophages. CD248+CAFs induced M2 macrophage polarization to enhance NSCLC cells EMT both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings indicate that CD248-harboring CAFs promote NSCLC cells EMT by regulating M2-polarized macrophages.
Heat shock protein 70 is associated with duration of cell proliferation in early pod development of soybean
Authors: Tanaka Seiya , Ariyoshi Yuri , Taniguchi Takatoshi , Nakagawa Andressa C. S. , Hamaoka Norimitsu , Iwaya-Inoue Mari , Suriyasak Chetphilin , Ishibashi Yushi
Published: June 2024

Pod is an important organ for seed production in soybean. Pod size varies among soybean cultivars, but the mechanism is largely unknown. Here we reveal one of the factors for pod size regulation. We investigate pod size differences between two cultivars. The longer pod of ‘Tachinagaha’ is due to more cell number than in the short pod of ‘Iyodaizu’. POD SIZE OF SOYBEAN 8 (GmPSS8), a member of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family, is identified as a candidate gene for determining pod length in a major QTL for pod length. Expression of GmPSS8 in pods is higher in ‘Tachinagaha’ than ‘Iyodaizu’ and is highest in early pod development. The difference in expression is the result of an in/del polymorphism　which includes an enhancer motif. Treatment with an HSP70 inhibitor reduces pod length and cell number in the pod. Additionally, shorter pods in Arabidopsis hsp70-1/-4 double mutant are rescued by overexpression of GmPSS8. Our results identify GmPSS8 as a target gene for pod length, which regulates cell number during early pod development through regulation of transcription in soybean. Our findings provide the mechanisms of pod development and suggest possible strategies enhancing yield potential in soybean.
Reconciling privacy and accuracy in AI for medical imaging
Authors: Ziller Alexander , Mueller Tamara T. , Stieger Simon , Feiner Leonhard F. , Brandt Johannes , Braren Rickmer , Rueckert Daniel , Kaissis Georgios
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) models are vulnerable to information leakage of their training data, which can be highly sensitive, for example, in medical imaging. Privacy-enhancing technologies, such as differential privacy (DP), aim to circumvent these susceptibilities. DP is the strongest possible protection for training models while bounding the risks of inferring the inclusion of training samples or reconstructing the original data. DP achieves this by setting a quantifiable privacy budget. Although a lower budget decreases the risk of information leakage, it typically also reduces the performance of such models. This imposes a trade-off between robust performance and stringent privacy. Additionally, the interpretation of a privacy budget remains abstract and challenging to contextualize. Here we contrast the performance of artificial intelligence models at various privacy budgets against both theoretical risk bounds and empirical success of reconstruction attacks. We show that using very large privacy budgets can render reconstruction attacks impossible, while drops in performance are negligible. We thus conclude that not using DP at all is negligent when applying artificial intelligence models to sensitive data. We deem our results to lay a foundation for further debates on striking a balance between privacy risks and model performance.
Single-nucleus sequencing reveals enriched expression of genetic risk factors in extratelencephalic neurons sensitive to degeneration in ALS
Authors: Limone Francesco , Mordes Daniel A. , Couto Alexander , Joseph Brian J. , Mitchell Jana M. , Therrien Martine , Ghosh Sulagna Dia , Meyer Daniel , Zhang Yingying , Goldman Melissa , Bortolin Laura , Cobos Inma , Stevens Beth , McCarroll Steven A. , Kadiu Irena , Burberry Aaron , Pietiläinen Olli , Eggan Kevin
Published: June 2024

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of motor function linked to degenerating extratelencephalic neurons/Betz cells (ETNs). The reasons why these neurons are selectively affected remain unclear. Here, to understand the unique molecular properties that may sensitize ETNs to ALS, we performed RNA sequencing of 79,169 single nuclei from cortices of patients and controls. In both patients and unaffected individuals, we found significantly higher expression of ALS risk genes in THY1+ ETNs, regardless of diagnosis. In patients, this was accompanied by the induction of genes involved in protein homeostasis and stress responses that were significantly induced in a wide collection of ETNs. Examination of oligodendroglial and microglial nuclei revealed patient-specific downregulation of myelinating genes in oligodendrocytes and upregulation of an endolysosomal reactive state in microglia. Our findings suggest that selective vulnerability of extratelencephalic neurons is partly connected to their intrinsic molecular properties sensitizing them to genetics and mechanisms of degeneration.
Reversibly-bonded microfluidic devices for stable cell culture and rapid, gentle cell extraction
Authors: Feng Xiaohan , Wu Zehaoyu , Cheng Lily Kwan Wai , Xiang Yang , Sugimura Ryohichi , Lin Xuyan , Wu Angela Ruohao
Published: June 2024

This reversible bonding approach allows for rapid and gentle live cell extraction after long-term on-chip culturing, facilitating downstream manipulation and characterization, and opening new avenues for various applications.
Detection of sulphur(ii) of carbon dots synthesized from Gardenia residue
Authors: Li Zhaoxia , Dong Yuchuan , Li Xinyi , Li Dongchun , Dong Jia , Wang Panchen , Chen Shuwei , Geng Huiling
Published: June 2024

The detection of anions using carbon dots (CDs) has received less attention compared to cations.
Visible-light-induced Ritter-type amidation of α-hydroxy ketones in the selective synthesis of α,α-diamido and monoamido ketones
Authors: Tang Enrong , Zhou Quan-Quan , Wan Jie-Ping
Published: June 2024

Visible light-induced, transition metal-free oxidative dehydroxylation and C–H amidation of α-hydroxy ketones involving Ritter-type amidation has been developed, leading to the selective synthesis of α,α-diamido- and α-monoamido ketones.
Physical and chemical properties and degradation of MAPbBr3 films on transparent substrates
Authors: Carpenella Valentina , Messina Fabrizio , Barichello Jessica , Matteocci Fabio , Postorino Paolo , Petrillo Caterina , Nucara Alessandro , Dini Danilo , Fasolato Claudia
Published: June 2024

We explore the physical and chemical degradation mechanisms of methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3) thin films, depending on the storage conditions. We show that, under vacuum conditions, the NH4Pb2Br5 degradation compound can be formed.
Metal-catalyzed Markovnikov-type selective hydrofunctionalization of terminal alkynes
Authors: Chen Jieping , Wei Wen-Ting , Li Zhuocheng , Lu Zhan
Published: June 2024

Metal-catalyzed highly Markovnikov-type selective hydrofunctionalization of terminal alkynes providing a straightforward and atom-economical route to access 1,1-disubstituted alkenes has been summarized.
What about the development of catalytic after-treatment processes as part of the transition from vehicles powered by liquid fuels to gaseous fuels
Authors: Zheng Yuanshuang , Decoster Amaury , Parvulescu Vasile , Granger Pascal
Published: June 2024

More stringent regulations on air pollutant emissions from engines fuelled by diesel and gasoline inevitably raise the question of the future of this type of motorization.
External oxidant-free, ligand-assisted heterogeneous gold-catalyzed C(sp2)–C(sp) cross-coupling of aryldiazonium salts with terminal alkynes
Authors: Song Boling , Li Jiajia , Hao Wenyan , Cai Mingzhong
Published: June 2024

External oxidant-free, recyclable gold-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates and terminal alkynes has been achieved by using 2,2′-bipyridine as a ligand.
Facet-governed Zn homoepitaxy via lattice potential regulation
Authors: Yang Xianzhong , Lu Yan , Liu Zhetong , Ji Haoqing , Chen Ziyan , Peng Jun , Su Yiwen , Zou Yuhan , Wu Chao , Dou Shixue , Gao Peng , Guo Zaiping , Sun Jingyu
Published: June 2024

The comprehensive regulation of an in situ grown overlayer and ionic liquid additive enables the Zn anode to harvest homoepitaxial deposition along certain Zn crystal facets, facilitating the commercial application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
Fully exploited imidazolium bromide for simultaneous resolution of cathode and anode challenges in zinc–bromine batteries
Authors: Hu Linyu , Dai Chunlong , Zhu Yudong , Hou Xu , Liu Zhimeng , Geng Xin , Wang Hailong , Chen Jing , Sun Nuo , Rong Qinlang , Zhu Yuhao , He Xin , Lin Yuanjing
Published: June 2024

An imidazolium bromide is developed to simultaneously tackle the challenges of the bromine cathode and the Zn anode in Zn–Br2 batteries.
Porphyra haitanensis glycoprotein regulates glucose homeostasis: targeting the liver
Authors: Ou Yujia , Guo Yuehong , Wang Haoyu , Guo Zebin , Zheng Baodong
Published: June 2024

Combined transcription and metabolomics methods were employed to target the liver for investigating the regulatory effect of P. haitanensis glycoprotein on glucose metabolism in hyperglycemic mice.
Conductivity-mediated in situ electrochemical reconstruction of CuOx for nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Liang Hao , Zhang Yinqiao , Zhang Xiaona , Zhao Erzhuo , Xue Wendan , Nie Enguang , Chen Jianqiu , Zuo Sijin , Zhou Minghua
Published: June 2024

CP/CuOx with suitable copper valence states obtained by fine-tuning the conductivity of electrochemical reconstruction may provide a competitive cathode catalyst for achieving excellent activity and selectivity of NO3−-to-NH3 conversion.
Blue light emission enhancement and robust pressure resistance of gallium oxide nanocrystals
Authors: Jin Zongqing , Lv Pengfei , Xu Yifan , Li Yongguang , Dong Qingfeng , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo
Published: June 2024

Pressure-induced blue emission enhancement and robust pressure resistance are achieved in the fourth-generation ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor Ga2O3 nanocrystals.
Identifying and embedding transferability in data-driven representations of chemical space
Authors: Gould Tim , Chan Bun , Dale Stephen G. , Vuckovic Stefan
Published: June 2024

We show that human intuition in the curation of training data introduces biases that hamper model transferability. We introduce a transferability assessment tool which rigorously measures and subsequently improves transferability.
Germaborene reactivity study – addition of carbon nucleophiles, cycloaddition reactions, coordination chemistry
Authors: Reik Christian , Jenner Lukas W. , Schubert Hartmut , Eichele Klaus , Wesemann Lars
Published: June 2024

Germaborene chemistry is presented: halide substitution by carbon nucleophiles, Cp*Al insertion into the B–Br bond, cycloaddition of CO2, dimethylbutadiene and selenium and coordination of CuBr, AuCl and Fe(CO)4 fragments at the BGe double bond.
Manganese, nitrogen co-doped porous carbon with high-loading active sites as the oxygen reduction catalyst for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Xu Hao , Gao Yuxuan , Li Ruopeng , Sun Weiyan , Lu Xiangyu , Bai Jie , Yang Peixia
Published: June 2024

The spatial confinement method is developed to synthesize Mn–N–C catalysts with dense Mn–Nx sites and porous structures.
Biocatalytic PEI–PSS membranes through aqueous phase separation: influence of casting solution pH and operational temperature
Authors: Li Lijie , Baig Muhammad Irshad , de Vos Wiebe M. , Lindhoud Saskia
Published: June 2024

PEI–PSS membranes with lysozyme were prepared via one-step aqueous phase separation using different pH changes. The so formed membranes showed temperature-responsive enzymatic activity and kept 60% activity after 60 days.
A multifunctional collagen-base bilayer membrane integrated with a bimetallic/polydopamine network for enhanced guided bone regeneration
Authors: Huang Dou , Yang Die , Li Kaide , Wang Jiran , Zheng Xiaohui , Long Jie , Liu Lei
Published: June 2024

In this study, a novel multifunctional GBR membrane was developed for promoting the repair of bone defects effectively.
Oriented α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoporous films obtained by topotactic-like pseudomorphic transformation of γ- and δ-FeOOH films
Authors: Shinagawa Tsutomu , Kanemoto Yuya , Ohtaka Atsushi
Published: June 2024

Oriented growth of FeOOH films followed by topotactic-like pseudomorphic transformation allows the template-free formation of oriented nanoporous iron oxide films.
Achieving high microscale photoconductivity in Gd-modified bismuth ferrite via modulating ferroelectric polarization
Authors: Mana-ay Haidee , Chen Cheng-Sao , Chien R. R. , Tu Chi-Shun , Chen Pin-Yi
Published: June 2024

The modulation of the ferroelectric polarization of (Bi0.93Gd0.07)FeO3 ceramic is an effective route to boosting its microscale photocurrent.
Enhancing performance of organic photovoltaic and photodetector devices using non-atomically doped ZnO electrodes with superior optical properties
Authors: Su Ziqi , Pan Hailin , Lin Yi , Li Zheng , Wang Ming , Ma Zaifei
Published: June 2024

ZnO electrodes with superior NIR transmittance yield higher Jsc in OPVs under solar light than ITO-based devices. ZnO devices outperform ITO-based under LED illumination. In OPDs, the enhanced D*, indicating their potential for OPD applications.
Cation-placement control in double-perovskite GdBaCo2O6 and its impact on magnetism via spin-state modification
Authors: Katayama Tsukasa , Magara Kento , Sakai Shiro , Zeng Yijie , Chikamatsu Akira , Hasegawa Tetsuya
Published: June 2024

A-site-ordered and -disordered GdBaCo2O6 films were synthesized through topotactic oxidation. These films exhibit distinct magnetic and conductive properties, attributed to variations in Co spin states driven by changes in ionic arrangement.
Advances in the construction of photonic structures with dual stopbands and beyond
Authors: Bai Yu , Du Xiaoyang , Cai Zhongyu , Hu Yuandu
Published: June 2024

The advances in developing multiple stopband photonic structures are reviewed, which can help researchers to develop photonic structures with multiple stopbands and tackle the challenges to meet the demands for anticounterfeiting, etc.
Pressure-induced white-light emission of a Cu(i) cluster with effective blue phosphorescence
Authors: Wu Xin-Yi , Xu Ji-Tong , Liu Dan-Qing , Ou Bei-Qi , Zhang Hui-Ying , Li Chen-Hui , Ye Jia-Wen , Chen Ling , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: June 2024

Blue phosphorescence with the PLQY of 68.5% is achieved in a Cu(i) cluster by dispersing the phosphor centres. And the ground sample show white-light emission and the CIE is (0.34, 0.36), which is further fabricated as the WLED with the Ra of 81.5.
A graph embedding‐based approach for automatic cyber‐physical power system risk assessment to prevent and mitigate threats at scale
Authors: Sun Shining , Huang Hao , Payne Emily , Hossain‐McKenzie Shamina , Jacobs Nicholas , Poor H. Vincent , Layton Astrid , Davis Katherine
Published: June 2024

Power systems are facing an increasing number of cyber incidents, potentially leading to damaging consequences to both physical and cyber aspects. However, the development of analytical methods for the study of large‐scale power infrastructures as cyber‐physical systems is still in its early stages. Drawing inspiration from machine‐learning techniques, the authors introduce a method inspired by the principles of graph embedding that is tailored for quantitative risk assessment and the exploration of possible mitigation strategies of large‐scale cyber‐physical power systems. The primary advantage of the graph embedding approach lies in its ability to generate numerous random walks on a graph, simulating potential access paths. Meanwhile, it enables capturing high‐dimensional structures in low‐dimensional spaces, facilitating advanced machine‐learning applications, and ensuring scalability and adaptability for comprehensive network analysis. By employing this graph embedding‐based approach, the authors present a structured and methodical framework for risk assessment in cyber‐physical systems. The proposed graph embedding‐based risk analysis framework aims to provide a more insightful perspective on cyber‐physical risk assessment and situation awareness for power systems. To validate and demonstrate its applicability, the method has been tested on two cyber‐physical power system models: the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) 9‐Bus System and the Illinois 200‐Bus System, thereby showing its advantages in enhancing the accuracy of risk analysis and comprehensiveness of situational awareness.
The mathematical optimization model of Chernozems soil indicators for obtaining quality grain of soft winter wheat
Authors: Malyarets Lyudmyla , Dorokhov Oleksandr , Martynova Olena
Published: June 2024

The methodical approaches to optimization of soil indicators of chernozems with natural fertility for obtaining high-quality grains of soft winter wheat were considered in the work. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the determination of the optimal levels and ratios of main grain quality indicators (protein, gluten, vitrification) and soil indicators of chernozem, which ensure high quality of winter wheat grain. Research methods are direct field studies, laboratory-analytical and mathematicalstatistical calculations, and optimization. It was obtained on podzolized chernozems with optimization of soil indicators - protein content - 14.7%, gluten -20.2%, vitreousness - 62%; on typical chernozems - protein content - 14.6%, gluten - 23.7%, vitreousness - 51%; on ordinary chernozems - protein content - 16.1%, gluten - 35.7%, vitreousness - 60%; on the southern chernozems - protein content - 16.6; gluten - 34.2%, vitreous - 79%. The development approach and results allow for determining the regions of cultivation of high-quality soft winter wheat grain on the territory of Ukraine that is important for farmers, as well as for the agricultural economy in general.
La transfusion sanguine chez les NAC
Authors: Guillier David
Published: June 2024

Comme chez le chien et le chat, la transfusion peut être un acte nécessaire pour traiter une anémie grave chez un NAC, en particulier les hémorragies rapidement dangereuses chez ces petites espèces. Une transfusion de sang sera recommandée chez les mammifères ou les oiseaux ayant perdu entre 30 % et 40 % de leur volume sanguin, ou présentant un hématocrite inférieur à 12-15 %. Quant aux reptiles, ils supportent généralement des hématocrites extrêmement bas, jusqu’à 5 %. Chez la plupart des espèces, une transfusion de 10-20 mL/kg est généralement considérée acceptable, souvent limitée par la quantité de sang récupérable chez le donneur. Des précautions hygiéniques identiques à celles des carnivores domestiques s’appliquent chez les NAC. Malheureusement, les connaissances théoriques sur les compatibilités intra et inter-espèces sont rudimentaires, à l’exception du furet pour lequel des transfusions multiples, même avec donneurs différents, sont très bien tolérées. Dans ce contexte, la réalisation d’un test de compatibilité ainsi qu’un monitoring des effets secondaires sont recommandés. En l’absence de connaissances précises sur la conservation des prélèvements sanguins chez la plupart des espèces et l’inexistence de banques de sang pour les NAC, l’établissement d’une liste de donneurs pour les espèces régulièrement reçues en consultation est conseillé.
Traitement du diabète sucré : choisir l’insuline la plus adaptée (type, dose, fréquence)
Authors: Canonne-Guibert Morgane
Published: June 2024

Le diabète sucré est une endocrinopathie se définissant par une insuffisance absolue en insuline (chez le chien) ou une insuffisance relative (secondaire à une glucotoxicité, chez le chat), à l’origine d’un déséquilibre dans l’homéostasie glucidique. L’insulinothérapie est l’une des pierres angulaires de la prise en charge thérapeutique d’un chien ou d’un chat diabétique.

Le clinicien doit alors relever le défi de prescrire l’insuline la plus adaptée et ce choix repose, le plus souvent, sur la considération de l’espèce (chatvschien), la situation clinique (acidocétosevsdiabète sucré stable, existence de comorbidités occasionnant une insulinorésistance) et la possibilité ou non d’une administration par un stylo injecteur.

Enfin, une évolution clinique et biologique peu satisfaisante peut conduire le praticien à choisir une insuline de 2deintention selon certains critères (durée d’action différente, correction d’une grande variabilité glycémique).
Défi thérapeutique du diabète sucré chez le chat : les clés pour obtenir une rémission du diabète
Authors: Kurtz Maxime , Benchekroun Ghita
Published: June 2024

En médecine vétérinaire, la possibilité de rémission diabétique constitue une spécificité du chat. Elle est définie par la résolution de l’hyperglycémie et des signes cliniques associés à la maladie pendant plus de quatre semaines consécutives, chez un animal ne recevant pas d’insuline exogène. Elle est rendue possible par le caractère souvent réversible des phénomènes de glucotoxicité et d’insulinorésistance : l’administration initiale d’insuline exogène conduit à une diminution de la glycémie moyenne, ayant pour résultat une reprise des capacités sécrétoires d’insuline endogène, et donc l’amélioration du tableau clinique.

L’entrée en rémission diabétique est le plus souvent favorisée par une gestion rigoureuse du diabète sucré, associant une prise en charge alimentaire (régime humide et pauvre en glucides), une perte de poids en cas d’obésité, et un contrôle glycémique rapproché. Cette approche peut être perçue comme lourde, et altérer la qualité de vie du propriétaire ou de l’animal.

Une rechute est attendue chez environ un tiers des chats entrant en phase de rémission diabétique. Elle peut survenir dans les mois ou années suivant cette dernière. La prévention de la rechute est difficile, mais repose sur l’éviction du phénomène de glucotoxicité, principalement permis par le maintien d’une alimentation pauvre en glucides. Des traitements médicamenteux adjuvants pourraient, à l’avenir, concourir à maintenir le statut de rémission au long terme.
L’insulinorésistance : causes et prise en charge chez le chien et le chat
Authors: Menard Maud
Published: June 2024

Une insulinorésistance peut conduire au développement d’un diabète sucré et en compliquer la prise en charge. D’autres facteurs d’échec au traitement sont cependant possibles et doivent être recherchés (erreurs techniques, cinétique ou dose d’insuline inadéquates, etc.). Les principales maladies associées à une insulinorésistance chez le chien (syndrome de Cushing, imprégnation en progestérone lors du diœstrus chez la chienne non stérilisée) et le chat (sécrétion excessive d’hormone de croissance par un adénome hypophysaire) sont présentées dans cet article.
Protein Intake and Bone Health in the Elderly
Authors: Götz Helene Josefa , Amrein Karin
Published: June 2024

Protein plays an important role in muscle and bone metabolism. This is of great
importance for optimal bone health, especially in the elderly, in sarcopenia and
osteoporosis. Adequate protein intake is a prerequisite for optimal
musculoskeletal health and efficient strength training. Protein is one of the
macronutrients and besides calcium the most abundant structural component of our
musculoskeletal system. However, elderly subjects often consume too little
protein. In 2017, the revised reference values in the D-A-CH region were
increased for adults>65 years to 1.0 g protein/kg (ideal) body weight [BW]/
day and ESPEN even advocates for an intake of 1.0–1.5 g protein/kg BW/ day. Many
elderly people, especially women do not meet these targets. In our experience,
there is a fundamental misconception that protein needs can only be met
consuming animal products. Many studies have investigated whether sufficient
protein intake has a positive effect on bone. In this short review, the
importance of protein for bone and the problem of inadequate protein intake in
sarcopenia will be discussed and the most relevant clinical guidelines and
studies will be presented. For practical use, we give examples of omnivore and
vegetarian meal plans and important protein sources (plant and animal origin)
are given. Usually, the minimal demands can easily be met with simple
nutritional advice. Sometimes however, additional protein supplements (often
liquids, puddings, powders) are needed, especially in nursing home residents,
and when poor appetite or dysphagia impair appropriate caloric and protein
intake.
Chondrocutaneous Custom-made Graft for Upper Lateral and Alar Cartilage Nose Reconstruction: The T Graft
Authors: Recchi Vania , Pau Alberto , Talevi Davide , Russo Simone , Torresetti Matteo , Di Benedetto Giovanni
Published: June 2024

Upper lateral cartilage and alar cartilage nose reconstruction secondary to failed aesthetic procedure or tumor excision, surely represents a reconstructive challenge for plastic surgeons, because of the support needed and for the function of the internal nasal valve (INV).

Several scientific publications deal with internal nasal reconstructive techniques, including simple homologous or heterologous tissue grafts.

We describe a new hybrid chondrocutaneous graft used for reconstruction of the upper lateral cartilage and a portion of the alar cartilage (cephalic part), excised with the adherent nasal mucosa (in correspondence with INV), included in the tumor mass.
Revolutionizing education: unleashing the power of social media in Saudi Arabian public universities
Authors: Alshammari Mohammad Mulayh , Al-Mamary Yaser Hasan , Abubakar Aliyu Alhaji
Published: June 2024

This study examines the influence of social media on learning and education inside higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia. This study attempts to utilize the e-learning acceptance model (e-LAM) in order to identify some of the variables that impact Saudi students’ inclination to utilize social media for educational purposes at higher learning institutions in Saudi Arabia. The e-LAM draws on a number of different theoretical viewpoints in order to present a more comprehensive picture of the variables that encourage the use of social media in learning and education in Saudi Arabian higher education institutions while students are enrolled in universities. The study’s survey was completed by 369 undergraduates’ participants enrolled in various academic programs and different educational levels. With the use of structural equation modeling, the analysis was carried out in order to investigate the correlations that existed between the variables that were stated in the conceptual model. Social media adoption intentions in Saudi Arabian higher education institutions were found to be significantly related to performance and self, supporting hypotheses 3 and 4, while communication functionality (COM) and effort (E) were found to be not significant towards Saudi Arabian students’ intentions to adopt social media, thus rejecting hypotheses 1 and 2.
Structural regulation strategies and advances of antiperovskites in electrocatalysis
Authors: Guo Jiahui , Liu Huan , Li ChunPing , Bai Jie
Published: June 2024

Forced by the problems of severe energy crisis, it is urgent to explore high efficiency sustainable energy storage and conversion technologies, particularly for electrolytic water devices and rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs). The efficiency of these two devices is mainly dominated by the half-reactions of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The design of efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts is the key for the development of water splitting and rechargeable ZABs. The antiperovskites as a promising family of electrocatalyst with structure flexibility, high electrical conductivity, and excellent electrocatalytic properties. Defining the enhancement mechanism toward HER, OER, and ORR is an urgent problem for the application of antiperovskite in the electrocatalysis field. This review brief introduces the fundamentals of HER/OER/ORR and summarizes the recent progress of antiperovskite materials in electrocatalysis field, including the research on structural regulation strategies of catalytic properties and catalytic mechanism. Based on ex situ/in situ characterized of electrocatalytic mechanism, the future challenges of antiperovskite in electrocatalytic mechanism and intrinsic modulation were prospected. The basic frontier issues are aimed in the field of HER/OER/ORR to provide theoretical guidance for the development of efficient and economical multifunctional electrocatalysts for ZAB and water splitting.