bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two Birds with One Stone: Therapeutic Targeting of IL1α Signaling Pathways in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and the Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Ling Jianhua , Chiao Paul J.
Published: February 2019

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Biffi and colleagues report that IL1 signaling cascades resulted in JAK/STAT activation and promoted an inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblast (iCAF) state, which contributed to the establishment of distinct fibroblast niches in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) microenvironment to support the growth of PDAC cells. Furthermore, the investigators demonstrated that TGFβ signaling inhibited IL1R1 expression, antagonized IL1α responses, and promoted differentiation of CAFs into myofibroblasts; thus, IL1α signaling is an important therapeutic target for both PDAC cells and the iCAFs in the tumor microenvironment.

See related article by Biffi et al. p. 282.
Second Trimester Biochemical Markers as Possible Predictors of Pathological Placentation: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Berezowsky Alexandra , Pardo Joseph , Ben-Zion Maya , Wiznitzer Arnon , Aviram Amir
Published: February 2019

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between second trimester biochemical markers and pathological placentation. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study (2007–2014) of singleton gestations at a university-affiliated tertiary center. Women with pathologic placentation were subdivided into three groups: placenta accreta (group A), placenta previa (group B), or both (group C). We compared second trimester biochemical screening markers taken between 16 + 0 and 19 + 6 weeks of gestation between groups A, B, and C, and women with normal placentation (group D). Obstetrical and neonatal outcomes, risk factors for pathologic placentation, and second trimester biochemical marker values were compared between groups. Results: Overall, 301 deliveries were evaluated: 64 (21%) in group A, 66 (22%) in group B, 17 (6%) in group C, and 153 (51%) in group D. Each of the pathological placentation groups individually had a higher median alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) multiples of median (MoM) than the controls, with the highest values of AFP and hCG observed among women with placenta accreta and the lowest values among the controls. When a multivariant analysis was applied, the hCG levels remained significantly correlated with pathological placentation. Receiver operation characteristic curves for AFP, hCG, or both were computed. For AFP the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.573 (95% CI 0.515–0.630, p < 0.0274) and a cut-off value above 0.99 MoM demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 71 and 46%, respectively, for the prediction of pathological placentation. For hCG, the AUC was 0.662 (95% CI 0.605–0.715, p < 0.0001) and a cut-off value of 1.25 MoM demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 53 and 68%. When both markers were plotted, the AUC was 0.668 (95% CI 0.611–0.721, p < 0.0001) and sensitivity and specificity were 63 and 64%, respectively. A percentile MoM cut-off approach distinguished between two groups: a high-risk group (patients with AFP or hCG or both above the 75th percentile, odds ratio (OR) for pathological placentation 2.27, 95% CI 1.42–3.63), and a low-risk group (patients with AFP or hCG or both below the 25th percentile, OR for pathological placentation 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.60). Conclusion: Second trimester biomarkers such as hCG and AFP can be used to raise a suspicion towards characterizing women into high-risk and low-risk groups for pathological placentation.
Fetoscopic Release of Amniotic Bands Causing Limb Constriction: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gueneuc Alexandra , Chalouhi Gihad E. , Borali Denisa , Mediouni Imen , Stirnemann Julien , Ville Yves
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to review the perioperative complication rates and neonatal outcomes after fetoscopic release of amniotic bands that caused bilateral limb constrictions. We present 5 cases of limb constriction by amniotic bands occurring spontaneously or following fetoscopic surgery and also include a review of 21 previously published cases. The cases were analyzed for indication, surgical technique, and postoperative follow-up. In our population and the literature, the majority of the children acquired a functional limb (75%), with few perioperative complications (15%). Fetal morbidity was mainly linked to the consequences of preterm premature rupture of the membranes (38.4%) and preterm birth (34.7 GW). The mortality rate was low (7.7%). This review only describes amniotic bands causing limb constriction, and illustrates that fetoscopic surgery for their release is technically feasible with an acceptable perioperative complication rate. However, the 75% success rate is very likely to be an overestimation of the true success rate. In view of these observations we cannot recommend treatment for cases where the fetus has been extensively affected by the bands. We believe, however, that we could consider this technique for a fraction of amniotic band syndrome cases isolated to the limb constrictions. This kind of surgery should be proposed as a potential treatment for amniotic band syndrome.
Cochlear Implant Users with Otosclerosis: Are Hearing and Quality of Life Outcomes Worse than in Cochlear Implant Users without Otosclerosis?
Authors: Calvino Miryam  , Sánchez-Cuadrado Isabel  , Gavilán Javier , Lassaletta Luis
Published: February 2019

Background: The otosclerotic process may influence the performance of the cochlear implant (CI). Difficulty in inserting the electrode array due to potential ossification of the cochlea, facial nerve stimulation, and instability of the results are potential challenges for the CI team. Objectives: To evaluate hearing results and subjective outcomes of CI users with otosclerosis and to compare them with those of CI users without otosclerosis. Method: Retrospective review of 239 adults with bilateral profound postlingual deafness who underwent unilateral cochlear implantation between 1992 and 2017. Hearing and speech understanding were assessed via pure-tone audiometry and speech perception tests. Subjective outcomes were assessed via the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ), the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI), and the Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index (HISQUI19) at 6 months, 12 months, and at the last follow-up. Results: Subjects were 22 CI users with otosclerosis and 217 without otosclerosis. Both groups had a similar duration of deafness and age at CI implantation. Results did not significantly differ according to group: no significant intergroup difference was found regarding the frequency of complete electrode insertion, facial stimulation, reimplantation, or PTA4 scores at the last follow-up. Regarding speech perception, no significant intergroup difference was found on any test or at any interval. Further, subjective outcomes, as measured by the GBI, NCIQ, and HISQUI19, did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusions: Adults with otosclerosis and profound hearing loss derive significant benefit from CI use. Audiological and self-reported outcomes are not significantly different from that of other CI users with postlingual deafness.
A Double Inverted Flap Surgical Technique for the Treatment of Idiopathic Lamellar Macular Hole Associated with Atypical Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Frisina Rino , Parrozzani Raffaele , Pilotto Elisabetta , Midena Edoardo
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To propose a new technique of a double inverted epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap (double flap group) for the treatment of idiopathic lamellar macular hole (LMH) with atypical ERM (AERM) and to compare surgical outcomes to those of the standard technique of ERM and ILM peeling of the fovea including LMH (control group). Methods: AERM was tomographically defined as a medium reflective thickened membrane above the retinal fiber layers without retinal traction signs. A series of patients affected by LMH with AERM were recruited. Preoperative parameters were: intraretinal cysts (IRC), intraretinal splitting diameter, residual foveal thickness, and ellipsoid zone integrity. Postoperative findings were: full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) development, and persistence or new appearance of IRC. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline, first, third, and sixth postoperative month was evaluated. Results: A total of 48 eyes of 48 patients were included in this study. In the double flap group (30 eyes), a clear improvement of BCVA was noted (p = 0.004), and there were no complications. In the control group (18 eyes), BCVA did not improve and 3 patients developed postoperative FTMH. Conclusions: The double inverted flap technique is associated with better functional recovery compared to the standard technique and reduces the risk of postoperative FTMH development.
Growth Disturbances in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Antal Zoltan , Balachandar Sadana
Published: February 2019

Survival from childhood cancer has improved dramatically over the last few decades, resulting in an increased need to address the long-term follow-up and care of childhood cancer survivors. Appropriate linear growth is an important measure of health, with alterations of growth in children and short adult height in those who have completed growth serving as potential indicators of the sequelae of the underlying diagnosis or the cancer treatments. It is therefore critical that clinicians, particularly endocrinologists, be familiar with the patterns of altered growth which may be seen following diagnosis and treatment for childhood cancer. In this article, we will review the growth alterations seen in childhood cancer survivors, focusing on risk factors and considerations in evaluation and care.
Progressive Renal Dysfunction due to IgG4-Related Kidney Disease Refractory to Steroid Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Wakabayashi Keiichi , Yanagawa Hiroyuki , Hayashi Yoko , Aoyama Rumi , Shimizu Yoshio , Tomino Yasuhiko , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: February 2019

Recently, as the number of case reports of IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) has increased, the histopathological features and clinical approach have been clarified. IgG4-RKD generally has a benign prognosis due to the efficacy of steroid therapy and rarely requires dialysis. Herein, we report a case of IgG4-RKD that presented with a subacute onset, advanced to end-stage kidney disease, and finally required maintenance hemodialysis despite steroid therapy. A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for further evaluation of subacute renal failure. Diffuse enlargement of the kidney on computed tomography and increased urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and α1-microglobulin levels led us to suspect IgG4-RKD. Upon admission, the laboratory serological findings were as follows: creatinine 3.3 mg/dL, urea nitrogen 46.9 mg/dL, and IgG4 235 mg/dL. Urinalysis showed slight proteinuria without hematuria. Percutaneous renal needle biopsy showed diffuse infiltration of abundant lymphocytes and IgG4-positive plasma cells and storiform fibrosis, which is specific to IgG4-RKD, in the interstitium on light microscopy. Slight linear deposition of C3 was also observed in the tubules on immunofluorescence microscopy, with no electron-dense deposits. He was definitively diagnosed as having IgG4-RKD and started on prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg/day. However, the renal insufficiency continued to progress and hemodialysis was necessary. As the prednisolone was tapered, renal function did not improve and maintenance hemodialysis was started. In conclusion, this case indicates that the prognosis of IgG4-RKD is not necessarily benign and that further studies involving more patients are needed.
Prediction Models for Early Childhood Obesity: Applicability and Existing Issues
Authors: Butler Éadaoin M. , Derraik José G.B. , Taylor Rachael W. , Cutfield Wayne S.
Published: February 2019

Statistical models have been developed for the prediction or diagnosis of a wide range of outcomes. However, to our knowledge, only 7 published studies have reported models to specifically predict overweight and/or obesity in early childhood. These models were developed using known risk factors and vary greatly in terms of their discrimination and predictive capacities. There are currently no established guidelines on what constitutes an acceptable level of risk (i.e., risk threshold) for childhood obesity prediction models, but these should be set following consideration of the consequences of false-positive and false-negative predictions, as well as any relevant clinical guidelines. To date, no studies have examined the impact of using early childhood obesity prediction models as intervention tools. While these are potentially valuable to inform targeted interventions, the heterogeneity of the existing models and the lack of consensus on adequate thresholds limit their usefulness in practice.
EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AGE AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON CALLUS BROWNING OF COCONUT ENDOSPERM CULTURE IN VITRO
Authors: SUKAMTO* LAZARUS AGUS
Published: February 2019

The possibility of physiological age and growth regulators affecting callus browning of coconut endosperm was investigated. Solid endosperm explants of four coconut fruits from same brunches of two coconut cultivars â€œSamoan Dwarfâ€ were grown on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) formula with addition of 10 mg l-1 putresine, 2.50 g l-1 activated charcoal (AC), 1.70 g l-1 phytagel, 0, 10-6, 10-5, 10-4, 10-3 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (Picloram) Â combined with 10-5M 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Callogenesis occurred on 98.83% of explants. Â Callus browning between different physiological ages (antipodal and micropylar tissues) of coconut endosperm at Â 9, 26 and 31 weeks of culture (WOC) was significantly different, but not at 16 and 21 WOC. Auxins of 2,4-D and Picloram did not affect significantly callus browning of endosperm cultures. Auxin doses at 10-6, 10-5, and 10-4M decreased significantly callus browning at 9 and 16 WOC, respectively, Â but at 10-6M Â browning was less significant compared to Â other doses at Â 21 WOC. Auxin dose at 10-3 M caused Â less significant Â browning compared to Â other doses at Â 31 WOC. The addition of BA decreased significantly callus browning at Â 9 WOC , but did not affect callus browning thereafter.
Key words: Coconut, in vitro, Picloram, 2,4-D, BA
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Economia criativa na relação entre trabalho e cultura para a juventude
Authors: Silva Carla Regina , Silvestrini Marina Sanches , Almeida Prado Ana Carolina da Silva , Cardinalli Isadora , Lavacca Antonio Belforte , Vasconcelos Débora Isabele , Farias Aline Zacchi , Mancini Marco Antonio Liu Targa
Published: February 2019

A racionalidade neoliberal produz reorientação do capitalismo que fomenta a precarização do trabalho, a responsabilização individual, o enfraquecimento do Estado, das políticas e dos direitos sociais. Com enfoque nas políticas culturais, a Economia Criativa e a profissionalização da criatividade têm sido universos de disputa discursiva e jogos de poderes que geram diversas dificuldades, mas também de resistências e estratégias. Este trabalho apresenta resultados de um programa universitário de Terapia Ocupacional no campo da Cultura, cujo objetivo foi compreender os processos de profissionalização de jovens no campo da cultura. Para tanto, foram realizados mapeamentos para identificação dos jovens (18 a 29 anos), trabalhadores no campo da cultura e atuantes no município no qual foi desenvolvida a pesquisa. Posteriormente, foram realizadas entrevistas com foco na identificação dos processos de trabalho, suas dificuldades e potências. Em seguida foram realizados encontros formativos abertos para os interessados. Por meio de seus relatos, foi possível verificar que o trabalho está submetido à precarização, flexibilização, individualização e mercadorização da cultura. Como estratégias de resistência os jovens artistas elaboram propostas buscando fortalecimento de redes, atividades colaborativas, significado e transformação social. Ressalta-se a necessidade de políticas culturais integradas entre as diferentes dimensões da cultura, a considerando como direito e intrínsecas aos processos de cidadania.
Specificity and sensitivity of the DCDQ for children aged 8 to 10 years in Brazil
Authors: Sarraff Thamires da Fonseca de Souza , Martinez Claudia Maria Simões , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) – Brazil for a group of children aged 8, 9 and 10 years, using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Mabc-2) as the gold standard, and to identify the cut-off point for each specific age. Method: We evaluated the motor skills of 100 students through DCDQ-Brazil and Mabc-2. The collected data were submitted to statistical analysis of association; cut-off points were defined through the Youden index and Roc curve (Receiver Operator Characteristic). This survey was submitted and approved by the Ethics Committee of Research on Human Beings of the Federal University of São Carlos (CEP-UFSCar). Results: The data revealed that DCDQ-Brazil does not show satisfactory validity for the analyzed Brazilian context in the sample of children aged 8 and 10, because the cut-off points are higher than what was defined in this research, in a ratio that varies from 4 to 7 points. Conclusions: there is need for future investigations on the data regarding the age of 9 years in order to use the DCDQ adapted to Brazilian children aged 8-10 years, in order to favor the early identification of DCD.
Caracterização do desempenho de destreza manual pelo teste caixa e blocos em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros
Authors: Turco Bruna Paula Boe De Almeida , Cymrot Raquel , Blascovi-Assis Silvana Maria
Published: February 2019

O teste Caixa e Blocos (TCB) tem se mostrado eficaz para avaliar a destreza manual, que se caracteriza pela capacidade das mãos e dos dedos para desempenhar uma tarefa que requer movimentos coordenados, como a manipulação de objetos sob os aspectos de velocidade, resistência e força. O objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar o desempenho de destreza manual pelo TCB para a faixa etária de 7 a 14 anos. O estudo contou com 105 participantes, de ambos os sexos, sem apresentação de anormalidades de membro superior, divididos em dois grupos: (7-10 anos) e (11 a 14). Os resultados mostraram melhor desempenho para o lado dominante (direita) no TCB. Em relação à comparação de grupos por idade o grupo de 11-14 anos obteve melhor desempenho, demonstrando que quando maior a idade, melhor o desempenho no teste para ambas as mãos (p=0,000 para mão dominante e mão não dominante para o sexo feminino e p=0,000 e p=0,001 para mão dominante e mão não dominante no sexo masculino). Pode-se concluir que, para a população estudada com desenvolvimento típico, quanto maior a idade, melhor o desempenho no teste caixa e blocos para ambas as mãos e que, a partir dos dados coletados, foi possível apresentar parâmetros de desempenho para esse teste na faixa etária entre 07 a 14 anos, faixa etária não contemplada na proposta do estudo original de Mathiowetz em 1985.
Evolução do comportamento lúdico de crianças com síndrome de Down
Authors: Pelosi Miryam Bonadiu , Munaretti Andreza Santos , Nascimento Janaína Santos , Melo Juliana Valéria de
Published: February 2019

O brincar é fundamental para o desenvolvimento infantil e é o principal papel ocupacional na infância. A utilização do Modelo Lúdico como referencial teórico possibilita a análise do brincar e a reflexão da prática da Terapia Ocupacional neste contexto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento lúdico de um grupo de crianças com síndrome de Down antes e após as intervenções realizadas por terapeutas ocupacionais. Trata-se de um estudo observacional, analítico e retrospectivo realizado em um hospital-escola infantil, no setor de Terapia Ocupacional, cujo atendimento aconteceu em uma brinquedoteca terapêutica. Participaram da investigação 30 crianças com diagnóstico de síndrome de Down, com idades entre 8 meses e 14 anos. Os resultados sugerem que o grupo estudado evoluiu de maneira significativa no Interesse Geral e Lúdico, na Capacidade Lúdica e na Atitude Lúdica, exceto na habilidade de Expressão por palavras e frases. As considerações finais apontam para a adequação do uso dos instrumentos propostos pelo Modelo Lúdico em mensurar o comportamento lúdico de crianças com síndrome de Down, com idade até 14 anos.
Pobreza familiar, desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e brincadeiras de crianças de regiões insular e continental de Belém
Authors: Costa Elson Ferreira , Cavalcante Lília Iêda Chaves , Lima Samyra Said de , Alencar Camila de Nazaré
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre pobreza familiar, desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e brincadeiras de crianças de dois contextos (insular e continental) do município de Belém. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com caráter descritivo-exploratório. Participaram deste estudo 319 crianças na faixa etária de três a quatro anos de idade. Utilizou-se o Teste de Triagem do Desenvolvimento de Denver II, um questionário para identificar as condições socioeconômicas da família e características das brincadeiras, além de um instrumento de medição do nível de pobreza familiar. Foi usado o teste χ2, com nível de significância de 5% (p-valor <0,05). Das 319 crianças avaliadas, o percentual de suspeita de atraso no desenvolvimento chegou a 77,7%. O nível de pobreza da família (p=0,01) associou-se ao tipo de brincadeira. Já a variável de espaço para brincar associou-se com o contexto geográfico do município (p=0,004). Considera-se que este estudo possa colaborar para o entendimento da importância das brincadeiras em contextos de desenvolvimento marcados pela pobreza familiar e em regiões com características peculiares como a Amazônia e adequação das políticas públicas.
Hospitalizations due to primary care sensitive conditions
Authors: Maia Ludmila Grego , Silva Luiz Almeida Da , Guimarães Rafael Alves , Pelazza Bruno Bordin , Pereira Ana Cláudia Souza , Rezende Wender Lopes , Barbosa Maria Alves
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the trend of hospitalizations due to primary care sensitive conditions and its relationship with the Family Health Strategy coverage. METHODS: Ecological study of time series using the records from the Hospital Information System, from 2005 to 2015, with data for the state of Goiás, Brazil. Trend analyses were performed by the generalized linear regression method of Prais-Winsten with robust variance, which allowed to verify if the trend of hospitalizations due to primary care sensitive conditions was stationary (p > 0.05), declining (p < 0.05 and negative regression coefficient), or ascending (p < 0.05 and positive regression coefficient) in each region of Goiás and for each diagnosis group, stratified by sex. Pearson correlation was used to verify the degree of association between the Family Health Strategy coverage and the rate of hospitalizations due to primary care sensitive conditions. RESULTS: Hospitalizations due to primary care sensitive conditions accounted for 1,092,070 (30.0%) of hospitalizations in Goiás. The average hospitalizations rate due to primary care sensitive conditions was statically less than the rate for other conditions in the analyzed period (167.6% against 386.2%; t = -13.18; p < 0.001). There has been a downward trend in hospitalizations trend due to primary care sensitive conditions in Goiás and in most health regions. The trends varied between sexes in the groups of causes. We observed a negative correlation between the Family Health Strategy coverage and the hospitalizations trend due to primary care sensitive conditions in the state and also in most health regions. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalizations due to primary care sensitive conditions had a significant reduction trend over the analyzed period. Despite this progressive decrease, this rate remains high and the reduction trend was not linear for all causes. These results allow for directing public policies, while drawing a general overview of hospitalizations due to primary care sensitive conditions by sex and region in the state.
Effectiveness of brief group intervention in the harmful alcohol use in primary health care
Authors: Soares Janaina , Vargas Divane De
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effectiveness of brief group intervention, performed by nurses, in reducing the hazardous or harmful alcohol use in users of a primary health care service. METHODS: Clinical and randomized trial with follow-up of three months. The sample had 180 individuals with a pattern of hazardous or harmful alcohol use, recruited in a Basic Health Unit in the city of São Paulo. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Audit) were applied. The experimental group underwent the Brief Group Intervention, which had four group sessions, with weekly meetings. The control group received an information leaflet about issues related to alcohol consumption. Both groups participated in the follow-up of three months. The linear mixed model was used for data analysis, in which a 5% significance level was adopted. RESULTS: Forty-four individuals under hazardous or harmful alcohol use completed all phases of the research. The experimental group had a statistically significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) of about 10 points in Audit score after the brief group intervention [before BGI = 15.89 (SD = 6.62) – hazardous use; after BGI = 6.40 (SD = 5.05) – low hazardous use] maintaining the low hazardous use in follow-up [6.69 (SD = 6.38) – low hazardous use]. The control group had a statistically significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) of about three points in Audit score [before BGI = 13.11 (SD = 4.54) – hazardous use; after BGI = 9.83 (SD = 5.54) – hazardous use] and in follow-up presented the mean score of 13.00 (SD = 5.70), indicative of hazardous use. Differences between the two groups (experimental group versus control group) in reduction of consumption were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our evidence showed that the brief group intervention performed by the nurse in the primary health care context was effective to reduce alcohol consumption in individuals with patterns of hazardous or harmful use.
Fetal mortality and the challenges for women’s health care in Brazil
Authors: Barros Patrícia De Sá , Aquino Érika Carvalho de , Souza Marta Rovery de
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE: To establish a historical series of fetal mortality in Brazil and regions between 1996 and 2015, identifying its behavior and trend. METHODS: A descriptive study on cases of fetal deaths in Brazil and in each region reported from 1996 to 2015, registered in DATASUS and classified by ICD-10. Maternal age and schooling, duration of gestation and type of delivery were considered. We calculated the fetal mortality rate between 1996 and 2015 to build historical series. RESULTS: The time series shows a steady chart of the fetal mortality rate (FMR) from 2000 in Brazil and in all regions. The country’s fetal mortality rate rose from 8.19 in 1996 to 9.50 per 1,000 births in 2015. There was an increasing trend in fetal deaths whose root cause appears in chapter XVII of ICD-10 in Brazil and in all regions. Deaths from Chapter XVI causes showed a trend of increase only in the Northeast region, while other basic causes showed a trend of increase in the Southeast and South regions. In the Brazilian scope, there was an increasing trend of fetal deaths in mothers in the 10-14 and 25-44 years age groups. In Brazil and in all regions, there was an increase of the FMR in women with more than 8 years of schooling. Fetal deaths predominated between 28 and 36 weeks of gestation, with a growing trend in Brazil and all regions, except in the South (steady). Vaginal delivery prevailed, with a steady trend, while cesarean sections showed an increasing trend in Brazil and in all regions. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of information about fetal deaths, investments in research committees, and improvement in the quality of prenatal care should be prioritized to enable more effective coping and to reduce the fetal mortality rate in Brazil.
Early and Late Leaflet Thrombosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Yanagisawa Ryo , Tanaka Makoto , Yashima Fumiaki , Arai Takahide , Jinzaki Masahiro , Shimizu Hideyuki , Fukuda Keiichi , Watanabe Yusuke , Naganuma Toru , Higashimori Akihiro , Mizutani Kazuki , Araki Motoharu , Tada Norio , Yamanaka Futoshi , Otsuka Toshiaki , Yamamoto Masanori , Hayashida Kentaro
Published: February 2019

Background:

The occurrence and clinical impact of untreated subclinical leaflet thrombosis beyond 1 year after transcatheter aortic valve replacement still remain unclear.

Methods and Results:

In a multicenter transcatheter aortic valve replacement registry, we analyzed data from 485 patients who underwent 4-dimensional multidetector computed tomography posttranscatheter aortic valve replacement performed to survey hypoattenuated leaflet thickening with reduced leaflet motion compatible with thrombus at a median of 3 days, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years. Incidence, predictors, and clinical outcomes of early (median 3 days) and late (>30 days) leaflet thrombosis were assessed. Additional anticoagulation was not administered because of subclinical findings at the time of computed tomography in all patients. Early leaflet thrombosis occurred in 45 (9.3%) of 485 patients. Mean pressure gradient at discharge was higher in patients with early leaflet thrombosis than in those without. Independent predictors of early leaflet thrombosis in balloon-expandable prostheses were low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis, severe prosthesis-patient mismatch, and 29-mm prostheses. No predictors could be identified for self-expanding prosthesis. Cumulative event rates of death, stroke, or rehospitalization for heart failure over 2 years were 10.7% and 16.9% in patients with and without early leaflet thrombosis, respectively (
P
=0.63). Late leaflet thrombosis occurred late up to 3 years, and male sex and paravalvular leak less than mild were independent predictors.

Conclusions:

Untreated early leaflet thrombosis did not affect the cumulative event rates of death, stroke, and rehospitalization for heart failure. Late leaflet thrombosis was newly detected during 3-year follow-up.
Predicting the Physiological Effect of Revascularization in Serially Diseased Coronary Arteries
Authors: Modi Bhavik N. , Sankaran Sethuraman , Kim Hyun Jin , Ellis Howard , Rogers Campbell , Taylor Charles A. , Rajani Ronak , Perera Divaka
Published: February 2019

Background:

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is commonly used to assess the functional significance of coronary artery disease but is theoretically limited in evaluating individual stenoses in serially diseased vessels. We sought to characterize the accuracy of assessing individual stenoses in serial disease using invasive FFR pullback and the noninvasive equivalent, fractional flow reserve by computed tomography (FFR
CT
). We subsequently describe and test the accuracy of a novel noninvasive FFR
CT
-derived percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) planning tool (FFR
CT-P
) in predicting the true significance of individual stenoses.

Methods and Results:

Patients with angiographic serial coronary artery disease scheduled for PCI were enrolled and underwent prospective coronary CT angiography with conventional FFR
CT
-derived post hoc for each vessel and stenosis (FFR
CT
). Before PCI, the invasive hyperemic pressure-wire pullback was performed to derive the apparent FFR contribution of each stenosis (FFR
pullback
). The true FFR attributable to individual lesions (FFR
true
) was then measured following PCI of one of the lesions. The predictive accuracy of FFR
pullback
, FFR
CT
, and the novel technique (FFR
CT-P
) was then assessed against FFR
true
. From the 24 patients undergoing the protocol, 19 vessels had post hoc FFR
CT
and FFR
CT-P
calculation. When assessing the distal effect of all lesions, FFR
CT
correlated moderately well with invasive FFR (
R
=0.71;
P
<0.001). For lesion-specific assessment, there was significant underestimation of FFR
true
using FFR
pullback
(mean discrepancy, 0.06±0.05;
P
<0.001, representing a 42% error) and conventional trans-lesional FFR
CT
(0.05±0.06;
P
<0.001, 37% error). Using FFR
CT-P
, stenosis underestimation was significantly reduced to a 7% error (0.01±0.05;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

FFR pullback and conventional FFR
CT
significantly underestimate true stenosis contribution in serial coronary artery disease. A novel noninvasive FFR
CT
-based PCI planner tool more accurately predicts the true FFR contribution of each stenosis in serial coronary artery disease.
Behavioural and hormonal changes during group formation by male chimpanzees
Authors: Kutsukake Nobuyuki , Teramoto Migaku , Honma Seijiro , Mori Yusuke , Ikeda Koki , Yamamoto Rain , Ishida Takafumi , Hasegawa Toshikazu
Published: February 2019

Group housing of socially-deprived individuals facilitates welfare and socialisation of primates. Here, we studied behavioural and hormonal changes in the course of group formation among nine male chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. Aggression, reassurance, and grooming were observed in various dyads during group formation. The pattern of fluctuations in salivary cortisol level changed through the process of group formation, with particularly high cortisol levels immediately after group interactions relative to other sampling timings during group formation. Salivary testosterone levels were unaffected by the process of group formation or sampling time. These results suggested that a combination of behavioural observation and hormonal analyses is a powerful approach to assess the impact of group formation.
Jubilees and Hellenistic Encyclopaedism
Authors: Hartog Pieter B.
Published: February 2019

The final form of the book of Jubilees is commonly dated to the Hellenistic period. It may come as no surprise, therefore, that various parallels between Jubilees and Greek scholarship have been discovered. Yet scholars remain divided on Jubilees’ attitude towards Greek culture. In this article, I argue that Jubilees is fully conversant with global intellectual developments in the Hellenistic period and exhibits a type of encyclopaedic rhetoric similar to non-Jewish scholarly writings from this period. At the same time, Jubilees exhibits a local outlook, as it emphasises the timelessness and distinctiveness of the Jewish nation and its laws. Hence, the book must be understood as a “glocal” work, in which global and local trends merge and are intricately intertwined.
Invention of a Bathing Tradition in Hasmonean Palestine
Authors: Fatkin Danielle Steen
Published: February 2019

While scholars have known about the earliest ritual immersion pool in the Buried Palace at Jericho for more than thirty years, they have yet to produce a clear understanding of why the Hasmoneans began building ritual immersion pools when they did. Further, scholars have also failed to acknowledge the innovative nature of these spaces. I argue that we can best resolve these shortcomings by understanding the construction of the earliest known purpose-built ritual immersion pool (PBRIP) by John Hyrcanus I as an innovation driven by the political and social disruptions of the late second century BCE, and that once he had pioneered the idea of a PBRIP that it rapidly gained popularity. This article contextualizes the PRBIPs within the framework of Hellenistic palatial architecture and Second Temple literature rather than rabbinic literature.
Four new species of coral crabs belonging to the genus Tetralia Dana, 1851 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Tetraliidae)
Authors: TRAUTWEIN SANDRA E.
Published: February 2019

Four new species of Tetralia Dana, 1851, are described from the west Pacific. Like the six previously described sister species, the new species (Tetralia aurantistellata, T. brengelae, T. brunalineata, and T. ocucaerulea) are obligate symbionts of scleractinian corals belonging to the genus Acropora. The new species are described herein, placing particular emphasis on live color patterns.
A redescription of two atyid shrimps (Decapoda: Caridina) from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: KLOTZ W. , KARGE A. , VON RINTELEN K.
Published: February 2019

The two atyid shrimp species Caridina buehleri and Caridina appendiculata have not been reported since their first description many years ago. Based on new material from the Luwuk Peninsula in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, we here redescribe these poorly known species and provide a discussion of their taxonomic status. In addition, we give a brief review of the atyid shrimp known from Sulawesi.
Echiniscus ganczareki, a new species of Tardigrada (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae, bigranulatus group) from Costa Rica
Authors: MICHALCZYK ŁUKASZ , KACZMAREK ŁUKASZ
Published: February 2019

A new species, Echiniscus ganczareki sp. nov., is described from a liverwort sample collected in Costa Rica. It is the fifth known species of the Echiniscus bigranulatus group and the only one that has pores on ventral cuticle and on legs. It is also the first bigranulatus group species within which males were observed. We also provide an updated key to the Echiniscus bigranulatus group in this paper.
Subgeneric classification of the Palaearctic bees of the genus Evylaeus Robertson (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: PESENKO YURI A.
Published: February 2019

A subgeneric classification for the 318 currently recognised species of the genus Evylaeus recorded from the Palaearctic Region (in the narrower understanding) is suggested. It includes 29 subgenera all of which are keyed. An annotated list of subgenera contains diagnoses and information about type species, general geographic distribution, and species included. The following 19 new subgenera are described: Aerathalictus subg. n. (type species: Melitta aerata Kirby), Biennilaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus marginatus Brullé), Crassevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus crassepunctatus Blüthgen), Fratevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus fratellus Pérez), Glauchalictus subg. n. (type species: Halictus problematicus Blüthgen), Laevinodilaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus laevinodis Morawitz), Limbevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus limbellus Morawitz), Loethalictus subg. n. (type species: Halictus loetus Brullé), Malachevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Melitta malachura Kirby), Minutulaeus subg. n. (type species: Hylaeus minutulus Schenck), Monilevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus immunitus Vachal), Nitidiusculaeus subg. n. (type species: Melitta nitidiuscula Kirby), Nodicornevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus nodicornis Morawitz), Pallidevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Nomioides pallida Radoszkowski), Pauxevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Hylaeus pauxillus Schenck), Tricinctevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus tricinctus Schenck), Truncevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus truncaticollis Morawitz), Virenshalictus subg. n. (type species: Hylaeus virens Erichson), Viridihalictus subg. n. (type species: Halictus viridis Brullé). Hylaeus politus Schenck is fixed as the type species of the subgenus Pyghalictus Warncke 1975. Evylaeus albitarsoides (Blüthgen) is resurrected as a valid species. The following new synonymies are ascertained: Halictus fedtschenkoi Blüthgen 1938 = Lasioglossum andromeda Ebmer 1978, syn. n.; Lasioglossum fratellus betulae Ebmer 1978 = L. nupricola Sakagami 1988, syn. n. The lectotype of Halictus fedtschenkoi Blüthgen is designated. Advantages of a more finely divided and hierarchically deeper classification of large taxa are discussed. A synonymic catalogue of species-group names of the Palaearctic Evylaeus, comprising 679 names, appended.
On the immature stages of the crazy ant Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille 1802) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: FOX EDUARDO GONÇALVES PATERSON , SOLIS DANIEL RUSS , DE JESUS CARLOS MASSURETTI , BUENO ODAIR CORREA , YABUKI ANTONIO TENIYOSHI , ROSSI MÔNICA LANZONI
Published: February 2019

The ant Paratrechina longicornis is a cosmopolitan ant species that has been accidentally spread by commerce around the world, and now is a pest of houses and hospitals. The morphology of its larval stages has been previously described without knowledge of the number of instars. The present study revisits the original description of P. longicornis larvae by adding differences observed among the three larval instars. Compared to other Paratrechina species studied so far, P. longicornis presents smaller larvae, less evident variation in mandible morphology, and clear variation in the morphology of head hairs between the analysed specimens of the second and third instar larvae. Ultrastructural images of the eggs, larval spiracle ornamentation, and pupae are also presented for the first time.
A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)
Authors: BROADLEY DONALD G. , WALLACH VAN
Published: February 2019

The genus Letheobia Cope 1869 is revived for the “worm-like blind-snakes” which were assigned to the genus Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger 1843 by Roux-Estève in 1974 (her Groups IV to VII). Letheobia pallida is restricted to Zanzibar, and the specimens from Pemba Island, the East African coast, southern Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia are described as four new species. Three species included by Roux-Estève (1974) in the polyphyletic genus Typhlops Oppel, T. uluguruensis  Barbour & Loveridge (Group II), T. obtusus Peters and T. decorosus Buchholz & Peters (Group V) are considered basal forms in the genus Letheobia and a related species, L. jubana sp. nov., is described from southern Somalia.
Larval morphology of Liodessus Guignot, 1939: generic characteristics, descriptions of five species and comparisons with other members of the tribe Bidessini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae)
Authors: ALARIE YVES , MICHAT MARIANO C. , ARCHANGELSKY MIGUEL , BARBER-JAMES HELEN M.
Published: February 2019

The larvae of Liodessus affinis (Say, 1823), L. crotchi Nilsson, 2001, L. flavofasciatus (Steinheil, 1869), L. involucer (Brinck, 1948), and L. patagonicus (Zimmermann, 1923) are described with an emphasis on chaetotaxy of the head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment and urogomphi. Larvae of these species are very uniform in terms of larval morphology. Considering all known bidessine larvae, Liodessus Guignot, 1939 is more similar to Hypodessus Guignot 1939, Amarodytes Régimbart, 1900, Anodocheilus Babington, 1841, Glareadessus Wewalka & Biström, 1998, Allodessus Guignot, 1953, and Neoclypeodytes Young, 1967, all these genera sharing a short siphon and an elongate first urogomphomere. Liodessus differs from Hypodessus, Amarodytes and Anodocheilus by absence of the primary pore PAj whereas it shares with Anodocheilus the absence of a ventroapical spinula on the third antennomere.
Phylogeny, taxonomy and nomenclature:the problem of taxonomic categories and of nomenclatural ranks
Authors: DUBOIS ALAIN
Published: February 2019

The use of ranks and nominal-series in zoological nomenclature has recently been challenged by some authors who support unranked systems of nomenclature. It is here shown that this criticism is based on a double misunderstanding: (1) the confusion between nomenclatural ranks and taxonomic categories; (2) the request for a monosemic nomenclatural system, not for scientific reasons, but to please non-taxonomists, especially customers of the web. It is here argued that nomenclatural ranks and taxonomic categories should be clearly distinguished and designated by different terms, and that the Code should be modified in order to make this distinction clear. Whereas taxonomic categories have biological definitions, nomenclatural ranks do not, as they express only a position in a taxonomic hierarchy. If used consistently (which is not always the case), the system of nomenclatural ranks is very useful for the storage and retrieval of taxonomic and phylogenetic information. Taxa referred to a given rank in different groups cannot therefore be considered equivalent by any criterion, so that using ranks for comparisons between taxa (e.g., for biodiversity richness assessment) is irrelevant and misleading. Although the current Code needs to be improved in several respects, the superiority of this nomenclatural system, which is theory-free regarding taxonomy as it relies on ostensional allocation of nomina to taxa rather than on intensional definitions of nomina, is again stressed. It is suggested that all taxonomists should follow the Code for the allocation and validity of nomina, whatever taxonomic theory they favour, and in particular whatever kinds of definitions or diagnoses they wish to use for taxa. This would avoid the considerable loss of manpower, time and energy that would be required by the implementation of a new nomenclatural system (e.g., in order to require “phylogenetic definitions” for nomina, or to make nomenclature fully monosemic), and the confusion that would result for most users of nomina. The new paradigm imposed to biology by the combination of the taxonomic impediment and of the biodiversity crisis requires from taxonomists, who are already considerably much less numerous than required by this new situation, to concentrate on what should be their priority at the beginning of the century of extinctions, namely the inventory of the living species of our planet before they get extinct.
Coastal Fishes of São Tomé and Príncipe islands, Gulf of Guinea (Eastern Atlantic Ocean)—an update
Authors: WIRTZ PETER , FERREIRA CARLOS EDUARDO L. , FLOETER SERGIO R. , FRICKE RONALD , GASPARINI JOÃO LUIZ , IWAMOTO TOMIO , ROCHA LUIZ , SAMPAIO CLÁUDIO L.S. , SCHLIEWEN ULRICH K.
Published: February 2019

Here we report 59 new records of shore fishes for São Tomé and Príncipe islands (Gulf of Guinea), Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Ten of these are new species still to be described, including a new genus of a gobiid fish that lives in association with an axiid shrimp. A large proportion of the shore fishes of São Tomé and Principe occur on both sides of the Atlantic and many have their sister-species in the western Atlantic. To a lesser degree, there are also affinities to the western Indian Ocean.
A new species of Trombidium (Acari: Trombidiidae) from East Azarbaijan province, Iran
Authors: SABOORI ALIREZA , IRANI-NEJAD KARIM HADDAD
Published: February 2019

A new species of larval Trombidium, collected as free-living on soil, is described and illustrated from Tickmadash, Mianeh City, East Azarbaijan province, Iran. This is the second species of Trombidium from Iran. A key to Iranian genera of Trombidiidae (larva) is presented.
Checklist of the mites (Arachnida: Acari) of Turkey. Second supplement
Authors: ERMAN ORHAN , ÖZKAN MUHLİS , AYYILDIZ NUSRET , DOĞAN SALİH
Published: February 2019

As a suplement to the lists of the mites fauna of Turkey compiled by Özkan et al. (1988 and 1994), a faunistic list of mites (Arachnida: Acari) from Turkey is presented based on published data. The species are arranged alphabetically within orders and for each entrance the origin of reference to the published record is provided. Among the 504 taxa, 134 belong to the Gamasida, 2 to the Ixodida, 291 to the Actinedida, 7 to the Acaridida and 70 to the Oribatida.