bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanographene’s influence on a recycled high-density polyethylene/poplar wood flour nanocomposite
Authors: Beigloo Jafar Ghaje , Khademi Eslam Habibollah , Hemmasi Amir Hooman , Bazyar Behzad , Ghasemi Ismaeil
Published: October 2020

The effect of nanographene amount was evaluated relative to the physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological features of wood-plastic composites. Composites were prepared using recycled polyethylene (high-density polyethylene), nanographene, and wood-flour. The amount of 80% of polymer matrix and 20% of wood flour, and nanographene at four weight levels of 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5%, were used. An internal mixture was utilized for making the samples. The results showed that with the 0.5 wt% increase of the amount of nanographene, the tensile and flexural strengths, the flexural and tensile modulus and the notched impact strength composite increased. With the addition of 2.5 wt% nanographene, these properties decreased. With the increase of the level of nanographene by 2.5 wt%, water absorption and the thickness swelling of the composite decreased. With the increase of the level of nanographene, the level of residue ash and thermal stability also increased. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the samples with 0.5 wt% nanographene had less holes and a smoother surface compared to the other samples.
Effects of ingredient proportions on the performance of α-Cellulose/PLA mixtures used for laser sintering
Authors: Zhang Hui , Guo Yanling , Bourell David L. , Meng Deyu
Published: October 2020

A new powder feedstock composed of biocompatible and degradable biomass materials was introduced and evaluated for laser sintering in this research. The goal for the material is to facilitate high-value utilization of sustainable materials and expand the variety of feedstock that can be used for laser sintering. It was mechanically mixed with polylactic acid (PLA) powder and the filler of α-cellulose powder in the content of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt%. The effects of the ingredient proportions were evaluated relative to laser sintering performance of α-cellulose/PLA mixtures. The results revealed that the increasing cellulose loading had almost no influence on the mixtures’ glass transition temperature, the melt temperature, and the crystallization temperature; thus, the mixtures would share the same processing parameters with neat PLA during the laser sintering fabrication. Although the cellulose loading reduced the materials’ melt fluidity and mechanical properties, it decreased the dimensional deformation of the laser-sintered parts and made the mixture more feasible as the feedstock of laser sintering compared to neat PLA.
Fungal Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Genetically-modified Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Edmunds Charles W. , Peralta Perry , Sharma-Shivappa Ratna R. , Kelley Stephen S. , Chiang Vincent L. , Miller Zachary D. , Giles Richard L. , Sykes Robert W. , Deoppke Crissa , Gjersing Erica , Davis Mark F. , Peszlen Ilona
Published: October 2020

Fungal pretreatment of Populus trichocarpa wood genetically modified to reduce lignin and alter lignin chemistry is investigated for its effectiveness as an alternative to common pretreatment methods. The goal of this work is to improve biomass utilization for biofuel and biochemical applications by increasing sugar release. Sugar release after enzymatic hydrolysis was measured after various biomass pretreatments (including wood-rot fungus, hot water, and dilute acid). In the wildtype, and in constructs downregulated in PAL, 4CL, and C3H, the fungal pretreatment resulted in substantial improvements in sugar yields, up to 2.4-fold increase in glucose yield and 6-fold increase in xylose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis compared to the unpretreated control. However, the effects of fungal pretreatment were inconsistent, and in genetic lines down-regulated in 4CL, CCoAOMT, CAld5H, and C3H, fungal pretreatment yielded similar or decreased sugar release after enzymatic hydrolysis.
Relative Pronouns in Light of Epigraphic Evidence:The Province of Lusitania*
Authors: Gaspar Catarina , Tantimonaco Silvia
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on the uses and forms of the relative pronouns as evidenced from the Latin epigraphy in Lusitania. Inscriptions are considered from the 1st to the 8th century AD, with special attention being paid to the future developments in the Portuguese language. To this purpose, other in- scriptions or documents of a different nature dated to later chronologies are also considered as a point of comparison.
Bricht Der Thesaurus Linguae Latinae mit dem Jahr 600 n. Chr. ab? Der ThLL als spätlateinisches Wörterbuch
Authors: Schrickx Josine
Published: October 2020

In introductions to the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae it is always stated that the ThLL considers all texts up to about 600 AD. But what does this mean in concrete terms: ‘all’ and ‘up to approx. 600’? Is an inscription from the year 610 still cited? And how did the ThLL define this limit? I will deal with these questions here. In addition, I will briefly explain to what extent the ThLL is not only the most comprehensive Latin dictionary, but also the only modern Late Latin dictionary.
The Sociolinguistic Research of the Cult of Jupiter Dolichenus
Authors: Vágási Tünde
Published: October 2020

Jupiter Dolichenus was a Roman god, a so-called ‘Oriental deity’ whose mystery cult gained popularity in the 2nd century AD, reached a peak under the Severi in the early 3rd century AD, and died out shortly after. As for Jupiter Dolichenus, he is sometimes referred to by scholars as ‘Baal of Doliche’ or ‘Dolichenian Baal’.1 The name Baal is derived from the term Ba’al, meaning ‘owner’ or ‘lord’, and the word must have been used as a title for gods in general. Over six hundreds monuments – mainly inscriptions – of the Dolichenian cult have come to light from the Eastern and Western parts of the Empire. The name Jupiter with the epithet Dolichenus – from the original name of Doliche – appears in inscriptions in many incorrect forms including Dolichenius, Dolychenus, Dolochenus, Dolicenus, Dolcenus, Dulcenus, Dolucens.

Which of the above epithets reflects the original Syrian form and tradition? Is it possible that Dulcenus is the original and correct form of the deity’s name, or is it just another vulgar change which appeared separately in time and space? This paper tries to prove the latter with the help of the LLDB. The Dolichenian cult is thought to have first been introduced by Syrian merchants and auxiliary soldiers, including troops from Commagene (the province that includes Doliche). In the light of the names of the priests of Jupiter Dolichenus, Speidel2 states that the Jupiter Dolichenian cult in the army was largely supported by Syrians and other Orientals.
Augusta Treverorum Vulgaris: Linguistic Change and Cultural Integration in the Vulgar Latin Inscriptions of Trier (germany)
Authors: Willms Lothar
Published: October 2020

The copious corpus of deviations from standard Latin from Trier spans more than 800 years (50 BC–800 AD) and comprises both pagan and Christian inscriptions, the latter exclusively on tombstones. This paper points out the most salient non-standard features in the categories of phonetics, morphology, syntax and vocabulary. Most of them conform to standard Vulgar Latin, but some yield features of the inscriptions’ area, such as Western Romance (preservation of final -s, voicing intervocalic stops), Gallo-Romance (qui instead of quae, nasalisation), and the extinct Moselle Romance. A few features might reflect Gaulish substrate influence ([u] > [y], e before nasals > i, ē > ī, ō > ū, -m > -n). Clues for palatalisation and the raisings ē > ī, ō > ū are the most prominent phonetic features, the latter supporting, combined with the preservation of final -s, a renewed paradigm of nominal inflection. Morphosyntactic changes are driven by analogy and regularisations. Starting at the fringes, the erosion of case syntax ended up in a complete breakdown. Christianity fostered the recording of previously undocumented substandard features, completed the assimilation of Celtic (which pagan polytheism and the upwards mobility of Roman society had initiated) and supported the cultural integration of Germanic immigrants.

Piae memoriae Henrici Heinen, viri doctissimi
On Back and Front Vowels in Latin Inscriptions from Sardinia
Authors: Tamponi Lucia
Published: October 2020

Despite the numerous studies carried out on Latin inscriptions from different parts of the Empire, up to date a complete quantitative analysis on the vowel alternations occurring in Latin inscriptions from Sardinia has not yet been carried out. However, such an investigation could shed light on the dynamics of the emergence of the Sardinian vowel system, where the ‘common romance' mergers of ĭ, ē and ŭ, ō did not take place. Therefore, we conducted a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the graphemic alternations (o) ∼ (U) and (e) ∼ (i) occurring in an epigraphic corpus containing the available Latin inscriptions from Sardinia. The alternations have been examined with reference to four variables: the proportion against standard spellings, the dating of the inscriptions, the position of lexical stress and the amount of other misspellings in the texts examined. The results show a vowel system which seems to foreshadow the Romance development of the Sardinian varieties from early times due to the low number of misspellings. The reconstruction of the sociocultural context of the inscriptions could help us to explain the distribution of the vowel alternations.
The Role of Vegan Diets in Lipotoxicity-Induced Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Type-2-Diabetes
Authors: Storz Maximilian Andreas
Published: October 2020

Type-2-diabetes is considered the new plague of the current century and both, its incidence and prevalence are rapidly increasing. Chronic insulin resistance and a progressive decline in beta-cell function are discussed as the root causes of type-2-diabetes. Both were associated with obesity and pathologically elevated concentrations of circulating free fatty acids in the blood.

The harmful effects of chronically elevated free fatty acid levels on glucose homeostasis and non-adipose tissues are referred to as lipotoxicity. Pancreatic beta-cells appear to be particularly vulnerable and both, dietary fat quantity and quality may impact beta-cell function.

Diets high in saturated fats are especially harmful to beta-cells while (poly-)unsaturated fatty acids were associated with beta-cell protective effects. This review examined how a dietary modification towards a low-fat vegan diet, which is particularly low in saturated and trans-fats, could help to prevent or reduce lipotoxicity-induced beta cell dysfunction.

Several potential mechanisms of action were identified including: (1) reduced total fat intake (fat quantity), (2) a more favorable polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio (fat quality), (3) improved body weight and a reduction in adipose tissue mass, and finally (4) improved glycemic control. The latter appears of paramount importance in light of the accumulating evidence that lipotoxic events are tightly coupled to excess glucose levels.

All four mechanisms are likely to contribute complementarily to improved beta-cell function in individuals with type-2-diabetes and may reduce the likelihood of lipotoxic events to occur. Physicians must consider these findings when counseling patients on lifestyle and nutrition.
ACCELEROMETRY UNDERESTIMATES ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN CIRCUIT-BASED RESISTANCE TRAINING
Authors: Peinado Ana Belén , Castro Eliane Aparecida , Zapico Augusto García , Benito Pedro Jose
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Accelerometry is a very accurate method for determining energy expenditure (EE) in endurance training. However, further studies are needed to prove its accuracy in resistance training. Objective: To compare the EE obtained by accelerometry and indirect calorimetry in three different circuit resistance training circuits. Methods: Six overweight volunteers performed three sets in three resistance training circuits: machine circuit (MC), free-weight circuit (FWC) and resistance + aerobic circuit (RAC). EE was measured by indirect calorimetry using an Oxycon Mobile® and by the accelerometers SenseWear® Armband Pro2 and ActiTrainer®. Results: ActiTrainer® and SenseWear® underestimated EE in all circuits when compared to indirect calorimetry (p<0.05). The difference was greater in the FWC: 44.4% METs and 81.4% Kcal for ActiTrainer® and 32.3% METs and 24.9% Kcal for SenseWear® compared to indirect calorimetry. Conclusion: Both ActiTrainer® and SenseWear® underestimated EE when compared to indirect calorimetry in three different resistance training circuits. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.
ANTHROPOMETRIC FACTORS AND BODY COMPOSITION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH DYNAMIC BALANCE TESTS
Authors: Ferreira Brenda Aparecida da Silva , Benetti Fernanda Antico , Luna Natália Mariana Silva , Brech Guilherme Carlos , Bocalini Danilo Sales , Maifrino Laura Beatriz Mesiano , Magaldi Fernanda , Greve Júlia Maria D' Andrea , Alonso Angélica Castilho
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: The limit of stability is characterized by the maximum angle of inclination that an individual can reach and greater variability in extreme conditions; it is a bold and/or dangerous motor control strategy. Objective: Assess whether anthropometric measurements and body composition interfere with limits of stability and weight-bearing at different speeds in adults. Methods: Eighty-seven subjects of both sexes aged between 20 and 40 years were analyzed using anthropometric assessment and body composition. A force platform, limits of stability (LoS) and rhythmic weight shift (RWS) tests were used for the balance assessments. Results: In the LoS test, being female was negatively correlated with foot size and reaction time, and positively correlated with maximum excursion. In the RWS test, the female group had a negative correlation with height and upper limb length (ULL), with mediolateral directional control. The male group had a negative correlation with ULL and laterolateral directional control. Conclusion: Body composition variables do not interfere in the LoS and RWS tests in subjects with normal body mass index (BMI) values, except for bone densitometry (BMD) in women. As regards anthropometric parameters, height, ULL and foot size in the female and male groups were as follows: ULL and foot size exert little influence on postural balance control. Level of evidence II, Diagnostic studies - Investigation of a diagnostic test.
BRADYCARDIA IN ATHLETES: DOES THE TYPE OF SPORT MAKE ANY DIFFERENCE? – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Morlin Michelle Teles , Cruz Carlos Janssen Gomes da , Melo Paula Beatriz Silvestre , Lopes Guilherme Henrique Ramos , Soares Edgar de Melo Keene Von Koening , Porto Luiz Guilherme Grossi , Molina Guilherme Eckhardt
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Bradycardia in athletes can range from moderate to severe, and the factors that contribute to slow heart rate are complex. Studies investigating the mechanisms associated with this condition are controversial, and may be linked to the form of exercise practiced. A systematic literature review was conducted to discuss bradycardia mechanisms in athletes who practice different forms of sport. The databases consulted were Pubmed (MEDLINE), Clinical Trials, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Sport Discus and PEDro. The search included English language articles published up to January 2019, that evaluated athletes who practiced different forms of sport. One hundred and ninety-three articles were found, ten of which met the inclusion criteria, with 1549 male and female athletes who practiced diverse forms of sport. Resting heart rate and cardiac structure were studied in association with the form of sport practiced, through heart rate variability, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and pharmacological blockade. The studies suggest that a slow resting heart rate cannot be explained by increased vagal modulation alone, but also includes changes in cardiac structure. According to the studies, different sports seem to produce different cardiac responses, and the bradycardia found in athletes can be explained by non-autonomic and autonomic mechanisms, depending on the type of effort or the form of sport practiced. However, the mechanism underlying the slow heart rate in each form of sport is still unclear. Level of evidence II; Prognostic studies - Investigating the effect of a patient characteristic on the outcome of disease.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN BLOOD PARAMETERS AMONG KYRGYZ ELITE JUDO ATHLETES
Authors: Demirhan Bilal , Kısadere İhsan , Kılıç Mehmet , Patlar Süleyman , Günay Mehmet , Dzhanuzakov Kanat , Güzelbekteş Hasan
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Evaluation of health status and physical condition of Kyrgyz Judo Athletes before the Olympic Games. Objective: To evaluate changes in hematological, biochemical and blood gas values of athletes during the training period. Methods: Eight elite athletes (n=8 men), participated to the study. Before and after the exercise periods (baseline, 3rd month and 6th month), blood samples were taken, to determine plasma red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), blood clot cell (PLT), granulocyte (NOTR) and agranulocyte (LNF) counts, hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) values, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and venous blood pH, PO2, PCO2, SAT O2, HCO3, BE, Na, K, Cl values. In addition, serum glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, triglyceride (Trig), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Creat), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values were measured. Results: Although, the athletes’ WBC and LNF counts increased significantly (p<0.05) in post-exercise periods, no statistical significance (p>0.05) was found in the other hematological parameters. Blood pH, pCO2, HCO3 and BE values decreased (P<0.05) after the exercise periods. Conclusion: The effects of exercise on judo athletes were evaluated before the Olympics. Level of Evidence III; Case-control study.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PHYSICAL FITNESS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ADOLESCENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Rodriguez Cristiano Copetti , Camargo Edina Maria de , Rodriguez-Añez Ciro Romelio , Reis Rodrigo Siqueira
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: To synthesize the evidence available in the literature on the relationship between the components of physical activity, physical fitness and academic achievement in adolescents. Methods: The review followed the methodological procedures described by PRISMA and was carried out in the Lilacs, Medline, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases. Quantitative empirical studies published as of 2006 were included. The following descriptors and keywords were used: “Motor activity”, “Physical fitness”, “Physical activity”, “Educational status”, “Academic achievement”, “Academic performance”, and their equivalents in Portuguese and Spanish. Results: The most widely investigated variable was physical fitness (45.5%) followed by physical activity (40.9%), whereas only three studies (13.6%) investigated both. Conclusion: Physical activity and physical fitness are positively associated with the academic achievement of adolescents. In more than 80% of studies the association was considered strong. The physical fitness component most frequently associated with academic achievement was cardiorespiratory fitness. Level of evidence II; Systematic review.
PLYOMETRIC TRAINING IMPROVES SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN RECREATIONALLY-TRAINED SWIMMERS
Authors: Cañas-Jamett Rodrigo , Figueroa-Puig Julio , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Tuesta Marcelo
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Plyometric training significantly improves strength performance, including in aquatic sports. Objective: To compare changes in thigh girth, hamstring flexibility, squat jump height, and 200m swimming trial time induced by plyometric training in recreationally-trained swimmers. Methods: Eighteen recreationally-trained male swimmers (age=18-20 years) were randomly divided into a plyometric training group (PTG) and a control group (CG). All the swimmers completed a six-week speed swimming training plan. In the PTG only, the last ~15 min of each session was replaced with plyometric exercises. The physical characteristics and the thigh girth were measured before and after the six weeks of training. In addition, sit-and-reach flexibility and squat jump tests were conducted, as well as a 200m swimming trial. Results: Two-way ANOVA with post-hoc analysis revealed an increase in sit-and-reach flexibility (PRE: 4.5±5.3 cm; POST: 10.9±5.9 cm, p<0.01) and squat jump height (PRE: 24.9±3.7 cm; POST: 28.3±4.2 cm, p<0.01) and a decrease in 200m-swimming time (PRE: 220±26.5 sec; POST: 204±24.4 sec, p<0.01) for the PTG only. Comparing the absolute changes (post-pre) between the groups by the Student's t-test, the PTG showed a greater increase in distance reached in the sit-and-reach flexibility (PTG: 6.34±0.6 cm vs. CG: 2.4±1.2 cm, p<0.01) and squat jump height (PTG: 3.4±0.7 cm vs. CG: 0.7±0.3 cm, p<0.01) than the CG. In addition, the 200m swimming time decreased significantly more than in the CG (PTG: -15.1±2.4 sec vs. CG: -0.8±2.7 sec, p<0.01). Conclusion: Plyometric training improves jump height, flexibility, and 200m swimming performance in recreationally-trained adult swimmers. Level of Evidence II; Lesser quality RCT.
EFFECT OF AQUATIC EXERCISE AFTER ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION-INDUCED MUSCLE INJURY
Authors: Boeira Daniel , Doyernart Ramiro , Sombrio Fernanda , Medeiros Julia Santos , Milhomens Iuri Pinheiro , Souza Gabrielli Brina de , Silva Luciano Acordi da
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle microlesions produced by eccentric contractions (EC) cause changes in strength, endurance, power and neuromuscular activity parameters for an extended period of time. Objectives: To investigate the effect of aquatic exercise after EC-induced muscle injury on strength, endurance, power and neuromuscular activity parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional experimental study with six subjects (age 25 ± 4 years, weight 77 ± 4kg and height of 162 ± 2 cm) with EC-induced muscle injury followed up during a recovery period (48h, 72h and 96h) without intervention (Group 1A) and involving aquatic exercises (Group 1B). Dynamic and isometric strength, muscular endurance, and vertical/horizontal power tests as well as vastus lateralis neuromuscular activity measurements were performed before, immediately after, and during the recovery period. Results: Our results indicate that the intervention in Group 1B, when compared to Group 1A, accelerated the recovery of dynamic (p <0.01) and isometric (p <0.03) strength at 48h and 72h, increased vertical power at 48h (p <0.05) and horizontal power at 48h and 72h (p <0.05), and reduced neuromuscular activity (p <0.05) at 48h and 72h after EC. Conclusions: According to our findings, performing aquatic exercises during the recovery period improves muscle efficiency and accelerates strength, power and neuromuscular activity recovery. Level of evidence l; Randomized clinical trial.
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF GAIT WITH INSOLE USE IN DIABETIC FEMALE RATS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Souza Karla Camila Lima de , Martins Jonathan Elias Rodrigues , Modesto Filho Antônio Nadson , Fortes Jefferson Pacheco Amaral , Silva Denner Silvino da , Santos-Júnior Francisco Fleury Uchoa , Ceccatto Vânia Marilande
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is characterized by causing damage to the peripheral nervous system, generating sensory and motor changes. Objective: This study aims at analyzing the impact of the use of different orthotic insoles on the gait of diabetic female rats. Methods: Twenty-six female Wistar rats were randomly divided into the Control and Diabetic groups. The mechanical sensitivity test was performed manually on the surface of the animals' hind paws using the von Frey test. The functional evaluation was carried out on an adapted platform where the animals were stimulated to walk in order to capture images of the ventral region for measurements of the right and left hind paws. After the images were collected they were processed using Kinovea software version 0.8.27 to assess: stride distance, time, speed and acceleration. Results: There was a reduction in the weight of the animals in the Diabetic Group (p = 0.0018), associated with hyperglycemia (p = <0.0001), and a decrease in mechanical sensitivity as compared to the Control Group (p = 0.0372). Gait analysis showed a reduction in stride speed (p = 0.0482) and acceleration (p = 0.0149), with the silicone orthosis in the Diabetic Group. Conclusions: The silicone orthosis demonstrated a reduction in stride speed and acceleration, without compromising the other variables in the diabetic rats. The other insoles showed no functional difference between groups. Even though the animals showed a change in sensitivity at the end of 28 days of DM induction, this time does not appear to have been able to develop extensive changes in the rats' gait function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAINING AND ASSOCIATION WITH INJURIES IN RECREATIONAL ROAD RUNNERS
Authors: Torres Fernando Carmelo , Gomes Antonio Carlos , Silva Sergio Gregorio da
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: Road running has been increasing dramatically in Brazil and worldwide for years. However, research into this practice has privileged high performance athletes while neglecting recreational runners, even though they constitute a significant majority of participants. Objectives: This study analyzed the associations between demographic and training characteristics of recreational runners in 5 km, 10 km and half marathon events, and the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries. Methods: The study used data from 395 adult runners (229 men and 166 women, respectively aged 37.9 ± 9.5 and 37.1 ± 8.7 years, body weight 77 ± 10.5 and 61 ± 9 kg, and height 1.75 ± 0.07 m and 1.62 ± 0.07 m), who voluntarily and anonymously answered a questionnaire available on the Internet. Results: Plantar fasciitis, chondromalacia patellae (runner's knee) and tibial periostitis were the most frequently mentioned injuries in both sexes. Predisposing factors for injury (longer running time, average weekly mileage, maximum mileage and average speed in a workout) predominated in the male group, which had more types of injury and longer layoffs for this reason. Most respondents (63.3% men and 60.2% women) did not perform isolated stretching exercises; in those who did perform these exercises, and in those who stretched before and/or after training for races or competitions, there was no reduction in the incidence of injuries. Conclusion: Men showed a tendency towards greater intensity and volume of race training, in addition to longer running time, which are predisposing factors for injury. This may explain the greater number of different injuries reported in the male group, as well as the longer layoff periods. Level of evidence II; Prognostic studies - Investigating the effect of patient characteristics on disease outcome.
THICKNESS AND CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF THE ACHILLES TENDON IN MARATHON RUNNERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Salinero Juan José , Lara Beatriz , Gutierrez-Hellin Jorge , Gallo-Salazar César , Areces Francisco , Jiménez Fernando , Coso Juan Del
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study aimed to measure thickness and cross-sectional area of the Achilles tendon (AT), and the range of motion of the ankle joint in dorsiflexion of amateur marathon runners compared to non-active people. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between cross-sectional area and thickness of the Achilles tendon in marathon runners and age, anthropometric characteristics (height and body mass), training habits, running experience, marathon performance, and range of motion in the ankle joint. Methods: Achilles tendon thickness and cross-sectional area were measured using ultrasound images of the left leg in 97 male amateur marathon runners (age 42.0 ± 9.6 years; height 175 ± 6 cm; and body mass 73.7 ± 8.6 kg), and 47 controls (39.9 ± 11.6 years; 176 ± 7 cm; 79.6 ± 16.1 kg). Results: Achilles tendon thickness (4.81 ± 0.77 vs. 4.60 ± 0.66 mm; p = 0.01) and cross-sectional area (60.41 ± 14.36 vs. 53.62 ± 9.90 mm2; p < 0.01) were greater in the marathon runners than in non-active people. Achilles tendon thickness has been correlated, in a weak but significant manner, with years of running experience. Moreover, marathon runners showed increased ankle range of motion (81.81 ± 6.93 vs. 77.86 ± 7.27 grades; p<0.01). Conclusion: Male amateur marathon runners have hypertrophy of the Achilles tendon compared to non-active people, and this enlargement is mediated by running experience. In addition, range of motion in ankle dorsiflexion is favored by marathon training. Level of evidence III; Retrospective study.
DOES THE NUMBER OF JOINTS INVOLVED IN EXERCISE PROMOTE CHANGES IN ENERGY EXPENDITURE?
Authors: João Gustavo Allegretti , Rodriguez Daniel , Rica Roberta Luksevicius , Cavas Júnior Nelson , Bocalini Danilo Sales , Figueira Júnior Aylton
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Introduction: The benefits of strength training (ST) include not only strength improvement but also favorable body composition changes, which has led to a considerable increase in the indication of this training method in overweight and obese individuals, and has made the investigation of outcomes attributed to different manipulations of ST variables an important task. However, acute metabolic responses related to energy expenditure (EE) associated with the manipulation of exercises which, in turn, are associated with the number of joints involved in movement, are still inconclusive. Objective: To verify the influence of the number of joints involved in movement on EE with equalized volume in ST at different intensities. Methods: This training program was held on alternate days, with a 48-hour interval between each session, and with two randomized protocols, as follows: multi joint protocol with four common exercises for ST participants compared to the single joint protocol with four exercises. Each protocol was evaluated at three training intensities (90%, 75% and 60% of 1-RM) according to the one-repetition maximum test. Results: Significant increases in EE were observed in the multi joint session as compared to the single joint session: 90% 1-RM multi joint 246.80 ± 26.17 kcal vs single joint 227.40 ± 24.54 kcal (∆ -7.86, 95% CI 7.33; 31.46; t 3.44; p <0.05); 75% 1-RM multi joint 124.13 ± 25.40 kcal vs single joint 111.80 ± 22.78 kcal (∆ -9.93, 95% CI 3.25; 21.41; t 2.91; p <0.05); 60% 1-RM multi joint 70.80 ± 6.28 kcal vs single joint 64.40 ± 6.72 kcal (∆-9.04, 95% CI 3.95; 8.84; t 5.60; p <0.05). Conclusion: Multi joint exercises may be a variable to consider when EE balance is the main target of the ST program. However, further studies are needed to supplement our findings. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic studies-Investigating a diagnostic test.
COVID-19 AND ITS EFFECT ON OLYMPIC SPORT: THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING SOCIAL ISOLATION AND THE HARM IT CAUSES, IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE IT
Authors: Côrte Ana Carolina Ramos e , Camargo-Junior Franklin , Chalhub Thiago , Moraes Filho Josué Morisson de , Santos Ruan , Feitosa Fabio , Freire Raul , Benayon Paula , Hausen Matheus , Bachini Flavio , Wolff Aline , Pereira Glauber , Aguiar Ronaldo , Itaborahy Alex
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, known as COVID-19, to be a pandemic. The sporting world, too, is suffering from the global effects of this disease, with the postponement or cancellation of competitions, including the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. As a proposal for containing the disease, social isolation was declared. Despite the importance of this measure, it was harmful for Olympic athletes, as they had to stay away from their training site and trainers, as well as their interdisciplinary teams. It is therefore important to study this harm caused, in order to minimize it. In general, it is believed that regular physical activity is associated with improved immune system functioning. The lack of training can therefore have significant consequences for the performance and health of the Olympic athlete. From the athlete's point of view, the impaired immune system, due to the reduced frequency of physical exercise, leaves them more vulnerable to contracting or developing infections or other diseases. The risk of harm due to the decreased performance of preventive works is also evident in this population. The reductions in training load and intensity can cause changes in the athlete's body composition and affect various aspects of cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as reducing strength levels and muscle potency. In relation to the athlete's mental health, two aspects are particularly challenging: isolation and uncertainty. Based on the possible harm caused by social isolation, the need is seen for a specific and joint work, in an attempt to minimize it. This work addresses the following topics: (I) context: transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, isolation and post-pandemic consequences; (II) harm and proposals: nutritional, physiological, biomechanical and psychological. Level of evidence II; Review Article.
Efficacy of aggregation nano gel pheromone traps on the catchability of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) in Egypt
Authors: El-Wahab A. S. Abd , El-Fattah A. Y. Abd , El-Shafei W. K. M. , Helaly A. A. El
Published: October 2020

Abstract Field experiments were carried out in the reclaimed land east of Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Village of Wardan, Giza Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the impact of using nano-gels pheromone for the first time on the attraction of the RPW adults by pheromone traps compared to the control which is normal pheromone during two successive seasons in 2018 and 2019. Also, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of two types of trap, traditional trap (type 1) and dry funnel trap (type 2) in capturing of RPW adults. Results revealed that the nano gel pheromone traps attracted significantly more adults with an average of (4.26 and 3.56) adults/trap and total of (55.33 and 46.33) adults/trap compared to control with an average (2.69 and 2.46) and total of (35.00 and 32.00) adults/trap for the two seasons 2018 and 2019 respectively. Results indicated that the use of nano gel pheromone for the first time in field improved the trap catchability to RPW adults by 22.51 and 18.30% of total number of RPW adults captured throw out the two successive seasons respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference between the total numbers of RPW adults collected by the two tested type of traps over the two successive seasons. Furthermore, the sex ratio between males and females of total collected RPW adults found to be1: 1.43 and 1: 1.94 at 2018 and 2019 respectively.
Da relação com o saber às identidades da educação física: narrativas de estudantes do Ensino Médio
Authors: Santos Wagner dos , Santos Verônica Freitas dos , Gama Jean Carlos Freitas , Paula Sayonara Cunha de , Cassani Juliana Martins
Published: October 2020

Resumo Este artigo objetiva compreender as relações que os alunos estabelecem com os saberes nas aulas de educação física e suas implicações para a constituição das identidades desse componente curricular. Analisa as narrativas autobiográficas de alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Médio sobre os diferentes modos de apropriação do seu processo de escolarização com a educação física. Utiliza narrativas orais e imagéticas dos estudantes como fontes. Os resultados mostraram que a relação com o saber e as identidades da educação física produzidas é tensionada pela lógica escolar e pelas experiências, o que resulta na perda do seu interesse nas aulas ao decorrer do processo de escolarização.
Impact of oral and mental health over the quality of life of older people in a Family Health Unit
Authors: MUSSOLIN Mariama Gentil , MESQUITA-LAGO Luana Pinho de , SARAIVA Maria Conceição Pereira , MESTRINER Soraya Fernandes
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective This study sought to analyze the impact of oral and mental health on the quality of life of older people enrolled in a Family Health Unit, as well as its associated factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory study, conducted through interviews. The probabilistic sample consisted of 86 older people, users of the unit, aged 60 and over, dependent or independent, from both sexes. The methodological frameworks adopted for data collection were the evaluation of oral health conditions (edentulism) and the structured interview, employing oral health perception questionnaires (SB-Brazil), the OHIP – 14 (Oral Health Impact Profile), and the PHQ-2 (Patient Health Questionnaire – Two Items) screening tool for depressive disorders. Secondary data was collected from e-SUS individual records (e-SUS Primary Care). Results The majority of the sample (64%) was female, between 60 and 90 years old (mean of 72.4 years). Most frequently occurring OHIP-14 dimensions were pain (16.3%) and psychological disability (11.6%). The variables age, income, schooling, need for and use of prostheses, activities of daily living (ADL), self-reported diseases (diabetes, hypertension and cancer) had no significant association with quality of life measures related to oral health. A good correlation and association (p < 0.001) between PHQ-2 (depressive disorders) and OHIP-14 scores was observed. Conclusion In conclusion, an association between oral and mental health can be observed in older people; thus, for this population-especially in the case of older women oral and mental health care requires an extensive and multiprofessional approach, aimed at improving quality of life.
Reliability of a Centroid method to estimate head position in cephalometric diagnosis
Authors: SUZUKI Hideo , SUZUKI Selly Sayuri , GARCEZ Aguinaldo Silva , CARVALHAES Juliana Mandello , FUJII Denise Nami , LIMA-ARSATI Ynara Bosco
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to 1) evaluate the reproducibility of natural head position (NHP) in different professional groups; 2) compare three cephalometric methods of estimating head position to the established natural head position and 3) investigate the applicability of a new method to estimated head position using a Centroid method. Methods The sample consisted of 105 individual cephalometric tracings and photographs. For the first evaluation, copies of the lateral photographs were reproduced for each patient and 3 professionals with different expertise (experienced orthodontists, orthodontic students and orthognatic surgeon) were instructed to position the photographs in NHP. Later, 3 different methods to obtain NHP were assessed: 1) the Frankfort Horizontal Plane (FRANK), 2) Sella-Nasion 7º Line (SN7) and 3) proposed Horizontal Reference Line based on Centroid. Angles formed by the evaluated planes/lines and True Vertical Line obtained were measured. Gender and skeletal discrepancy were considered. Results The results showed a significant difference between NHP obtained from orthodontists and surgeons compared to students (p<0.0001). Also results showed no effect of skeletal classification and gender did on measurement (p>0.05). Both SN minus 7º and FRANK methods showed a high variability (p < 0,01) compared to Centroid method. Conclusion NHP may be affected by the professional experience. The proposed horizontal line based on Centroid is a valid method for estimating head position, thus, may be indicated to use as a diagnostic tool in Orthodontics and Orthognatic Surgery.
Pandemics, crisis conjunctures, and professional practices: what is the role of nursing with regard to Covid-19?
Authors: David Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal , Acioli Sonia , Silva Maria Rocineide Ferreira da , Bonetti Osvaldo Peralta , Passos Hozana
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss the role of Brazilian nursing to face political, economic and sanitary challenges that compose the crisis situation related to Covid-19 pandemics. Methods: Critical-thinking study with analytics characteristics, based on latin-american critical epidemiology and on the concept of social determination of health. Results: the central issues related to the Brazilian political-economic and health scenario are problematized, with emphasis on the impacts in terms of social inequality deepening. Nursing role is discussed considering the impacts in these worker’s health, and the relevance of nurses’ actions in the several professional practice scenarios to defend social protection. Conclusions: the role of Brazilian nursing as a social practice for the defense of life and universal access to health is reaffirmed as a way of achieving social justice.
Percepción social del riesgo y dinâmicas de género en la producción agrícola basada en plaguicidas en la pampa húmeda Argentina
Authors: Kunin Johana , Lucero Paula Aldana
Published: October 2020

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las vinculaciones entre las identidades de género y las lógicas de la organización social del cuidado, relacionadas con los riesgos ambientales-sanitarios a partir de los significados y prácticas relativas a la producción agrícola basada en plaguicidas en la pampa húmeda argentina. Realizamos dos trabajos de campo etnográficos de largo alcance y analizamos, por una parte, el proceso de identificación y denuncia de los riesgos relativos a los plaguicidas por mujeres y su relación con la construcción social de femineidades y con la organización generizada del cuidado. En segundo lugar, indagamos un posible vínculo entre la exposición a los plaguicidas y una estrategia de reafirmación de la virilidad.
A mentira terapêutica e o silenciamento do idoso e do morrer
Authors: Macedo Juliana Lopes de
Published: October 2020

Resumo Um importante dispositivo do poder médico pode ser caracterizado pela atitude paternalista frente ao paciente, estabelecendo uma relação assimétrica na qual o médico possui o conhecimento necessário para definir o melhor para o paciente. A bioética busca minimizar essa assimetria através da ideia de que o paciente possui o direito de consentir sobre as intervenções que serão (ou não) realizadas em seu corpo. Porém, uma situação comum para algumas especialidades médicas é o recurso da mentira terapêutica. O presente artigo busca refletir sobre o uso da mentira terapêutica a partir da análise de um caso viés etnográfico. A análise realizada evidencia a mentira terapêutica enquanto um desdobramento do ocultamento da morte e do morrer. Além disto, possibilita a reflexão sobre o processo de apagamento da capacidade de autonomia e de consentimento entre idosos como resultado da individualidade e da independência enquanto valores fundamentais para a sociedade moderna contemporânea.
Reflexividad, autonomía y consentimiento. Un análisis de las experiencias de mujeres en la búsqueda de un parto fisiológico en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Mantilla María Jimena , Di Marco Martín Hernán
Published: October 2020

Resumen En este artículo se analiza el uso del consentimiento informado en torno a partos y nacimientos, mediante el análisis de las estrategias que efectúan las mujeres gestantes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires en pos del reconocimiento de sus cuerpos, sus bebés, la fisiología de sus partos y el respeto por sus decisiones informadas. A partir de una investigación etnográfica, se analizan las tensiones que experimentan en sus intentos por hacer respetar sus necesidades, derechos y elecciones. Diferentes estrategias (directivas anticipadas, plan de parto, etc.) son desplegadas por las mujeres para efectivizar su protagonismo en las decisiones médicas respecto de sus partos. Este trabajo sugiere que el consentimiento informado no solo es un procedimiento médico formal que utilizan los/as médicos/as para avalar sus decisiones y dejar por sentado la aceptación del paciente, sino que se trata de una herramienta por la cual las mujeres se apropian y movilizan en sus interacciones con el sistema de salud.
Criopreservação de uma espécie de butiá ameaçada de extinção
Authors: Vargas Daiane Peixoto , Ferreira Letícia Vanni , Taniguchi Marisa , Coradin Juliana Hey , Dutra Leonardo Ferreira
Published: October 2020

Resumo Butia yatay é uma palmeira nativa do Rio Grande do Sul que encontra-se em risco de extinção. Sua propagação é realizada por via sexuada, porém a germinação por sementes é baixa, lenta e desuniforme. Objetivou-se estabelecer um protocolo de criopreservação visando a conservação da espécie. Foram testadas concentrações de sacarose em pré-tratamento de embriões antes do congelamento. Embriões de Butia yatay podem ser criopreservados, com subseqüente retomada do crescimento, quando submetidos ao prévio tratamento com sacarose a 0,4 M. Neste estudo, os embriões foram congelados por 10 dias, indicando que o pré-tratamento possibilita a conservação de Butia yatay por longo tempo.
Protocolo para germinação assimbiótica e desenvolvimento inicial de protocormos de orquídeas nativas do Cerrado brasileiro
Authors: Soares Jackeline Schultz , Sorgato José Carlos , Ribeiro Luan Marlon
Published: October 2020

Resumo Devido ao extrativismo, Orchidaceae apresenta elevada vulnerabilidade, necessitando de medidas para a conservação de suas espécies. Assim, objetivou-se determinar um protocolo para germinação e estabelecimento inicial de Cattleya nobilior, Cattleya lundii e Brassavola tuberculata quanto à desinfestação de sementes e a utilização de meios de cultura. Sementes foram desinfestadas em solução de NaClO a 0,8%, por 5 min ou 15 min, recebendo ou não tríplice lavagem. Em seguida, foram semeadas nos meios MS, MS 1/2, K ou VW. Posteriormente, foram transferidas para sala de crescimento com temperatura e fotoperíodo controlados. A porcentagem de germinação e o estabelecimento inicial das espécies estudadas foram avaliados 45 dias após a semeadura. Para todas as espécies, as sementes desinfestadas por 5 min e submetidas à tríplice lavagem apresentaram maiores %G. Dessa forma, recomenda-se para a germinação in vitro e desenvolvimento inicial de protocormos das espécies C. nobilior e B. tuberculata, a utilização do tempo de desinfestação de 5 min, seguido da tríplice lavagem e semeadura em meio MS 1/2 (%G = 100 e 72,8%, propágulos em estágios 3 e 2, respectivamente). Para C. lundii, a semeadura deve ser realizada em meio KC, com a desinfestação por 5 min e tríplice lavagem das sementes (%G = 95,8% e propágulos em estágio 2).
Bromeliaceae nos fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Dias Letícia do Carmo Dutra , Faria Ana Paula Gelli de , Nogueira Matheus Guimarães Cardoso , Furtado Samyra Gomes , Cardoso Pedro Henrique , Cabral Andressa , Menini Neto Luiz
Published: October 2020

Resumo Os fragmentos de vegetação do município de Juiz de Fora, região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, integram o domínio da Floresta Atlântica, e são considerados prioritários para a conservação da flora no estado. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo taxonômico da família Bromeliaceae em fragmentos florestais do município. Bromeliaceae está representada nesta região por 10 gêneros e 23 espécies. Tillandsia é o gênero mais representativo, seguido por Aechmea e Billbergia. Nós também reportamos a primeira ocorrência de Vriesea grandiflora para o estado de Minas Gerais. São incluídos neste estudo uma chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, comentários taxonômicos, além de informações sobre a distribuição geográfica e estado de conservação das espécies.