bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining overlooked structures reveals new associations between cortex and cognition in aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Maboudian Samira A. , Willbrand Ethan H. , Jagust William J. , Weiner Kevin S.
Published: February 2024

Recent work suggests that indentations of the cerebral cortex, or sulci, may be uniquely vulnerable to atrophy in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that posteromedial cortex (PMC) is particularly vulnerable to atrophy and pathology accumulation. However, these studies did not consider small, shallow, and variable tertiary sulci that are located in association cortices and are often associated with human-specific aspects of cognition. Here, we manually defined 4,362 PMC sulci in 432 hemispheres in 216 human participants (50.5% female) and found that these smaller putative tertiary sulci showed more age- and AD-related thinning than larger, more consistent sulci, with the strongest effects for two newly uncovered sulci. A model-based approach relating sulcal morphology to cognition identified that a subset of these sulci was most associated with memory and executive function scores in older adults. These findings lend support to the retrogenesis hypothesis linking brain development and aging, and provide new neuroanatomical targets for future studies of aging and AD.

Significance StatementLarge-scale changes in cortical structure in aging suggest sulci are particularly vulnerable to atrophy. However, tertiary sulci, the smallest and most individually variable cortical folds associated with cognitive development, have not been studied in aging. Here, we investigate tertiary sulci for the first time in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We find that these smaller and shallower sulci show more age- and AD-related thinning than larger sulci in posteromedial cortex (PMC), and that the atrophy of a subset of PMC sulci is most associated with cognition in older adults. These findings support classical theories linking developmental and aging trajectories at a novel anatomical resolution and provide insight into relationships between individual differences in structural brain changes and cognitive decline.
Erosion of community complexity increases temperature-dependency of microbial respiration, but not growth, in short-term incubations
Authors: Rohner Nadja , Lepori Selina , Loaiza Viviana , Sebag David , Verrecchia Eric , Nelson Daniel B. , Kahmen Ansgar , Niklaus Pascal A. , Laine Anna-Liisa , Domeignoz-Horta Luiz A.
Published: February 2024

Biodiversity loss and climate change are 2 of the most alarming threats to ecosystem functioning and stability. These factors are, however, typically investigated separately, overlooking potential interactions between species extinctions and climate change on ecosystems. Here, we evaluated how different temperature regimes impact the relationship between microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning, in terms of temperature sensitivity of carbon (C) cycling functions. We hypothesized that more complex communities promote the stability of C cycling functions under both temperature regimes. We did not observe a ubiquitous response of all C-cycling processes to temperature increases within communities of distinct complexities. While growth was stable with increasing temperatures across the complexity levels, respiration rates increased more strongly at low complexity than high complexity levels at higher temperatures. Carbon use efficiency, which integrates both growth and respiration, tended to decrease with temperature at lower levels of complexity. Jointly, these results demonstrate the importance of community complexity for maintaining C-cycling thermal response under a changing climate.
Xylella fastidiosa en Costa Rica: Impacto económico, relevancia agrícola y una visión general de la investigación nacional
Authors: Fernández Vargas Rachelle , Navarro Flores Luis
Published: February 2024

Xylella fastidiosa is a phytopathogenic bacterium considered a quarantine pest in crops of agricultural importance. It is associated with various diseases in crops such as: coffee, citrus, grapes, olive and ornamental species. This bacterium has negative repercussions on the export market of Costa Rica, due to phytosanitary restrictions imposed especially on the phoenix palm (Phoenix spp.). In addition, its high dispersion capacity, the existence of genetic variants and its interaction with other microorganisms make X. fastidiosa a bacterium of interest to agriculture. Currently, different research efforts are being conducted to expand the understanding about X. fastidiosa and involve the general population in the subject. This article describes the economic and social impact of X. fastidiosa on national agricultural production. Information was collected through a bibliographic review and was complemented by contributions from professionals from the Center for Cell and Molecular Biology Research (CIBCM) who currently lead research on the subject.
The Net Normal Force Per Crossing Point: A Uniﬁed Concept for the Low Consistency Reﬁning of Pulp Suspensions
Authors:   Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers, UMR CNRS 5518, Grenoble INP-Pagora, Roux J.-C. , Bloch J.-F. ,   Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers, UMR CNRS 5518, Grenoble INP-Pagora, Bordin R. ,   Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers, UMR CNRS 5518, Grenoble INP-Pagora, Nortier P. ,   Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers, UMR CNRS 5518, Grenoble INP-Pagora
Published: February 2024

The objectives of this article are: – First, to theoretically propose a uniﬁed concept: the net normal force per crossing point, – Second, to experimentally undertake reﬁning trials on a pilot disc reﬁner in order to compare all concepts for the reﬁning intensity and to validate the chosen one. We will begin by re-visiting the old concepts of the reﬁning intensity, in the low consistency regime. After a theoretical proof based upon the physics of the phenomena, applied to beaters and industrial reﬁners, a uniﬁed concept of the reﬁning intensity is proposed and strengthened: the net normal force per crossing point. Then, experimentations are undertaken on a pilot reﬁner (single disc) in hydracycle (or batch) conditions. More precisely, the effects of the grinding codes and of the average crossing angle of the bars are analyzed in a set of 6 reﬁning trials. For these experimentations, different engineering concepts of the reﬁning intensity are compared (speciﬁc edge load Bs, speciﬁc surface load SSL, modiﬁed edge load MEL, net tangential force per crossing point and net normal force per crossing point). These reﬁning intensities should allow to analysing the cutting kinetics of ﬁbres. All the chosen engineering concepts reach this goal more or less however the net normal force per crossing point is the best tool. Indeed, through the range of the data concerned, it revealed a clear monotonous evolution with the cutting kinetics on ﬁbres. The more is the net normal force per crossing point, the more is the cutting effect on ﬁbres.
„Aš myliu ir gerbiu visą Čekijos tautą“. Elzės Ožeškienės čekofilinės veiklos pėdsakai, pagrįsti laiškais Edvardui Jelinekui
Authors: Błasińska Aleksandra
Published: February 2024

The article, based on Eliza Orzeszkowa’s letters to Edvard Jelínek from 1881–1896, pre­sents the relationship between the two writers. They were guided by the common idea of vzajemnosti, i.e. promoting cultural activities among the Slavs, aimed at bringing nations together. In this regard, Orzeszkowa undertook many initiatives in cooperation with the Czech writer. The first was an attempt to publish in Polish the work The Fall and Rebirth of the Czech Nation, presenting the history of the Czechs. On the pages of the letters, the project of publishing an anthology works by famous Czech poets and prose writers translated by Czesław Jankowski, Bronisław Teodor Grabowski, Władysław Bełza and Wilhelmina Zyndram-Kościałkowska was discussed. The income from the sale of the publication was planned to be used to rebuild the National Theater in Prague (Národní divadlo), which burned down in 1881. The writer also organized a fundraising for this purpose at the “Orzeszkowa i S-ka” bookstore in Vilnius. The last undertaking was the intention to publish Orzeszkowa’s memories from her stay in Prague – it was to familiarize the reader with Czech culture. Even though some of the discussed plans were already advanced, they were not implemented, mainly due to tsarist decrees. This correspondence is therefore a valuable trace of the Polish–Czech cooperation between writers. The quoted fragments of Orzeszkowa’s letters to Jelínek are in the National Literature Museum in Prague (Památník Národního Písemnictví). They have not been released yet.
Semantyka „szarości“ w języku młodzieży polskiego pochodzenia w Wilnie
Authors: Ušinskienė Viktorija
Published: February 2024

The article aims to reveal the concept of GRAY in the sociolect of Polish youth in Vilnius. The semantic analysis of the gray name szary is carried out against the background of the standard Polish language. The main task is to show what meanings accompany the name of this color in the respondents’ questionnaires and how they connote the world of non-linguistic reality. The conducted research shows that the respondents’ answers partially do not coincide with the definitions and connotations presented in the subject literature. For example, the prototypical associations with ash typical of Polish dictionaries did not appear in the questionnaires. However, in both varieties of the Polish language, the color gray is associated with natural phenomena (evening, clouds, rainy weather) and animals (mouse, hare, wolf, elephant, etc.). Differences are noticeable when it comes to the emotional component of the semantics of grayness: both negative (sadness, depression, failure, etc.) and positive (calmness, elegance, high class) connotations of the word szary ‘gray’ are characteristic of the youth sociolect, which emphasizes the greater ambivalence of the semantics of this term, compared to the situation in standard Polish.
An Updated Review of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Prevalence finds EPI to be More Common in General Population than Rates of Co-Conditions
Authors: Lewis Dana
Published: February 2024

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is frequently described as underscreened, underdiagnosed, and undertreated. The treatment for EPI is pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), which is costly, and provider confidence in prescribing may be one barrier to reducing undertreatment. The lack of interchangeability studies for prescription PERT and/or lack of efficacy studies of over-the-counter enzyme options may be another barrier. This paper reviewed the prevalence of EPI in the general population and in co-conditions. Prevalence of EPI in the general population is commonly estimated around 10-20%, and further research is needed to evaluate EPI across all age groups and to better understand in which age group EPI becomes more prevalent, as an age effect is often seen in EPI prevalence studies. EPI is perceived to be highly correlated with certain co-conditions, and the majority (~65%) of EPI literature is related to a co-condition such as cystic fibrosis, pancreatitis, post-surgery, cancer, or diabetes. It can be estimated that 85% of literature in identified co-conditions, or 56% of total EPI literature, is on rarer co-conditions which only represent <1% of EPI overall. In contrast, there is very little research and literature on EPI in the general population. The highest absolute rates of EPI with co-conditions are likely diabetes and possibly irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, yet they are among the least commonly researched in co-condition and EPI studies. A lack of research on EPI in the general population and in the more common co-conditions may be contributing to the rates of underdiagnosis and underscreening, as well as undertreatment for those with low fecal elastase-1 levels.
Double trouble: Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) as prey of two Erythrolamprus miliaris (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)
Authors: Canal Filho Anderson Lozorio , Endringer Letícia Schunk , Soares Thiago Silva
Published: February 2024

Erythrolamprus miliaris is a Neotropical aglyph snake with a generalist feeding habit. We report herein the first observed instance of simultaneous predation on an adult Leptodactylus latrans by two adult individuals of E. miliaris. Although the ultimate outcome remains unknown, this report underscores the importance of comprehensive documentation in understanding predator-prey relationships and ecological dynamics in urban areas.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with COVID-19: A review of the literature
Authors: Jaramillo Camila Escobar , Carmach Ananias Gabriela , Kilchemmann Fuentes Carlos
Published: February 2024

Objective: To determine obstetric and perinatal outcomes in COVID-19 infection through a literature review. Methodology: An advanced search was carried out in Pubmed, with the format: patient, intervention and results with 67 terms, among them: “pregnant”, “newborn”, “covid-19”, “abortion” and “placental pathology”. A filter for the year 2019 and 2020 was applied, 506 studies were found that were filtered by title, abstract and type of study, selecting those whose sample is pregnant and/or neonates diagnosed with COVID-19, and who report negative obstetric and/ or perinatal results. Finally, 42 were selected. Results: The results that stood out due to their prevalence or severity were: premature delivery, placental patholog y, IgM and/or IgG antibodies to COVID-19 increased in pregnant women and newborns, non-reassuring fetal status, COVID-19(+) in breast milk, in liquid amniotic or vaginal swab, probable intrapartum transmission, admission to the NICU, poor fetal or maternal vascular perfusion and caesarean section due to a maternal condition associated with the virus. Conclusions: We suggest establishing timely prevention measures in pregnant women to avoid contagion by COVID-19 during and after pregnancy, in order to avoid the risk of complications associated with the virus that carries important consequences for the mother and/or newborn
An overview of anthrax: a neglected zoonosis of the tropical region
Authors: Pal Mahendra , Dhanze Himani , Regassa Motuma , Rebuma Tesfaye , Tafese Wubit
Published: February 2024

Anthrax is a neglected bacterial zoonosis that can be highly contagious and potentially lethal. The disease, which mainly affects herbivorous ungulate animals, is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium. The pathogenicity depends on the production of toxins by Bacillus anthracis and the sensitivity of the host. The infection is transmitted to humans when they come in to contact with infected animals or their products. It is an important occupational risk to the abattoir workers. Clinical manifestations of disease in humans include different forms, including cutaneous, pulmonary and intestinal. The disease is widespread in African and Asian countries with frequent reports of cases. Lack of appropriate and effective control programs in these countries has led to increase in the number of human cases. Bacillus anthracis spores are extremely resistant to environmental conditions, and can persist for several decades in nature and, thus making the control or eradication of the disease difficult. Disease control involves managing contaminated animal products, avoiding contact with infected animals, livestock vaccination in endemic regions and routine surveillance of animals. The most effective and dependable way to control zoonotic diseases like anthrax is through collaborative monitoring programs including the "One Health" approach.
Bodies in crisis: prostitutes and covid-19 in Brazil
Authors: Dantas dos Anjos Neto João , Rodrigues Vaz Camila
Published: February 2024

This article aims to analyze the impasses faced by prostitutes during the COVID-19 pandemic and how the media portrayed these professionals, seeking to bring visibility to the challenges faced: marginalization, lack of assistance and support from the State and persistent prejudice. Qualitative methodology in which extensive research was carried out on the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil, the concepts and history of prostitution, media, social representations in the country, in addition to delving deeper into the social representations of prostitution in the media.
Food and childhood pathologies and social representations among the ewondo of Cameroon
Authors: Alexandre Ndjalla
Published: February 2024

In the Third World, childhood pathologies are associated with malnutrition and, above all, environmental conditions. However, there are pathological foci that are not linked to these two entities. We have a range of morbidities which are the result of the diet of either the mother or the child. These are morbidities considered to be endo-cultural. An approach to pathology that finds meaning and a solution in the perspective of a particular cultural entity, and for which it has its foundation. This is reflected in dietary prohibitions. The relationship between diet and morbidity makes perfect sense here. In fact, we have childhood pathologies that are the result of parents' failure to respect social and dietary prohibitions. In the light of a few examples, we can see how these two particularities of human and child life are linked. Using an ethnographic approach to the issue of food, we relate the childhood morbidities that Ewondo socioculture includes in its childhood nosology to the related perceptions and representations. Childhood illnesses are not caused by the environment or malnutrition, but rather by the culture and its vision of the world and of things.
Application of actinomycetes in the control of Salmonella species
Authors: CG Daokoru-Olukole , N Pureaziba
Published: February 2024

This review is purposed to highlight the potential of finding novel antibiotics by screening various metabolites of actinomycetes. A significant global issue is drug-resistant bacteria and fungi that cause infectious illnesses. The emergence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella species have caused immense public health concern due to the resulting negative impacts. Salmonella causes foodborne illnesses, which result in significant monetary loss and a high death rate. The majority of Salmonella species are zoonotic infections, meaning they can spread from animals to people when they consume tainted meat, animal products, or other food items that have been contaminated with excrement from other animals. The overuse of antibiotics in treating Salmonella infections has increased the urgency to search for new potential sources of effective antibiotics. Actinomycetes are a group of bacteria species found in soil that create vital biological products, primarily powerful antibiotics. actinomycetes make up about two-thirds of all antibiotics, with Streptomyces species producing the majority of them. Several studies have shown that there is an abundant of potent antibiotics produced by actinomycetes. These bioactive compounds have been extensively demonstrated to cause bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities. Thus, more intensity should be put into unraveling more potential antibiotics from actinomycetes to help reduce the burden of drug resistance.
Pediatric sedation for emergency, imaging and endoscopic procedures: a worldwide review from the last five years
Authors: Monteiro Laranjeira Ana Clara , Cardoso Andrade Fernanda , Souza Cordeiro Léa Jenifer , Barros Cardoso Letícia , Metedeiro Nunes Câmara Beatriz , Carvalho de Miranda Júlia , Fabiane Monteiro Laranjeira Patrícia
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Anatomical, physiological, pharmacokinetic, pharmaco dynamic and behavioral particularities relevant to the pediatric population make its sedation challenging for quick and low-complexity procedures. Robust evidence on this subject is still scarce, and the variety of drugs available, with their multiple routes of administration and dosage schemes, makes it difficult for providers to make a decision. Methods: Through research in four databases, we found 170 articles that addressed pediatric sedation and, after applying the exclusion criteria, we selected 32 articles for analysis. Results: In sedation for invasive or painful procedures, Esketamine in monotherapy was effective, despite the significant incidence of adverse effects. Satisfactory responses were also obtained with associations between Esketamine and Propofol and Fentanyl with Propofol or Midazolam. To perform imaging tests, continuous infusions of Propofol or Dexmedetomidine were sufficient, with associations with Esketamine or opioids associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects. Endoscopic procedures have been successfully performed after administration of continuous infusion of Propofol or Dexmedetomidine, associated with Remifentanil infusion or Fentanyl bolus. Esketamine in monotherapy was also effective. Discussion: The drugs studied have an adverse effect profile compatible with safe pediatric sedation, whether administered by a specialist or not. However, alternative administration routes and dosages still need further studies before being routinely applied. Conclusion: Sedation in pediatrics is still an open field for research in our country.
Black Puddings
Authors: Brears Peter
Published: February 2024

A survey of black pudding recipes and historical references to them especially in the North of England.
Hélène Jawhara Piñer: Jews, Food and Spain, the oldest Medieval Spanish Cookbook and the Sephardic Culinary Heritage
Authors: Perry Charles
Published: February 2024

Hélène Jawhara Piñer: Jews, Food and Spain, the oldest Medieval Spanish Cookbook and the Sephardic Culinary Heritage. Academic Studies Press; 2022: 278 pp., hardback $23.79.
D. Purkiss: English Food: A People's History
Authors: Wilkins John
Published: February 2024

D. Purkiss: English Food: A People's History: Collins, 2022: 560 pp., hardback, £30.00.
METHOD FOR AGENT-ORIENTED TRAFFIC PREDICTION UNDER DATA AND RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Lovkin V. M. , Subbotin S. A. , Oliinyk A. O.
Published: February 2024

Context. Problem of traffic prediction in a city is closely connected to the tasks of transportations in a city as well as air pollution detection in a city. Modern prediction models have redundant complexity when used for separate stations, require large number of measuring stations, long measurement period when predictions are made hourly. Therefore, there is a lack of method to overcome these constraints. The object of the study is a city traffic.

Objective. The objective of the study is to develop a method for traffic prediction, providing models for traffic quantification at measuring stations in the future under data and resource constraints.

Method. The method for agent-oriented traffic prediction under data and resource constraints was proposed in the paper. This method uses biLSTM models with input features, including traffic data obtained from agent, representing target station, and other agents, representing informative city stations. These agents are selected by ensembles of decision trees using Random Forest method. Input time period length is proposed to set using autocorrelation data.

Results. Experimental investigation was conducted on traffic data taken in Madrid from 59 measuring stations. Models created by the proposed method had higher prediction accuracy with lower values of MSE, MAE, RMSE and higher informativeness compared to base LSTM models.

Conclusions. Obtained models as study results have optimal number of input features compared to the known models, do not require complete system of city stations for all roads. It enables to apply these models under city traffic data and resource constraints. The proposed solutions provide high informativeness of obtained models with practically applicable accuracy level.
SONGS CONTINUATION GENERATION TECHNOLOGY BASED ON TEST GENERATION STRATEGIES, TEXTMINING AND LANGUAGE MODEL T5
Authors: Mediakov O. , Vysotska V.
Published: February 2024

Context. Pre-trained large language models are currently the driving force behind the development of not only NLP, but also deep learning systems in general. Model transformers are able to solve virtually all problems that currently exist, provided that certain requirements and training practices are met. In turn, words, sentences and texts are the basic and most important way of communication between intellectually developed beings. Of course, speech and texts are used to convey certain emotions, events, etc. One of the main ways of using language to describe experienced emotions is songs with lyrics. However, often due to the need to preserve rhyme and rhyming, the dimensions of verse lines, song structure, etc., artists have to use repetition of lines in the lyrics. In addition, the process of writing texts can be long.

Objective of the study is to develop information technology for generating the continuation of song texts based on the T5 machine learning model with (SA, specific author) and without (NSA, non-specific author) consideration of the author's style.

Method. Choosing a decoding strategy is important for the generation process. However, instead of favoring a particular strategy, the system will support multiple strategies. In particular, the following 8 strategies: Contrastive search, Top-p sampling, Top-k sampling, Multinomial sampling, Beam search, Diverse beam search, Greedy search, and Beam-search multinomial sampling.

Results. A machine learning model was developed to generate the continuation of song lyrics using large language models, in particular the T5 model, to accelerate, complement and increase the flexibility of the songwriting process.

Conclusions. The created model shows excellent results of generating the continuation of song texts on test data. Analysis of the raw data showed that the NSA model has less degrading results, while the SA model needs to balance the amount of text for each author. Several text metrics such as BLEU, RougeL and RougeN are calculated to quantitatively compare the results of the models and generation strategies. The value of the BLEU metric is the most variable, and its value varies significantly depending on the strategy. At the same time, Rouge metrics have less variability, a smaller range of values. For comparison, 8 different decoding methods for text generation, supported by the transformers library, were used. From all the results of the text comparison, it is clear that the metrically best method of song text generation is beam search and its variations, in particular beam sampling. Contrastive search usually outperformed the conventional greedy approach. The top-p and top-k methods are not clearly superior to each other, and in different situations gave different results.
Analysis of demand and cost trends of telecommunications market operators in Russia
Authors:   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev, Geraskin Mikhail , Moiseeva Kristina ,   Samara National Research University named after academician S.P. Korolev
Published: February 2024

The analysis of the functions of demand and costs of mobile operators leading in the telecommunications market is carried out. Methods used in the study: mathematical modeling, regression analysis, optimization. The Russian telecommunications market is an oligopoly, which makes it possible to analyze the dynamics of the development of the three dominant firms (MTS, Megafon and VimpelCom), since they are the ones that influence the market to a greater extent. Various models of demand and costs are considered in accordance with the dynamics of the development of the telecommunications market. Analysis of a number of weighted average voice communication prices depending on the total volume of voice traffic of services showed the presence of linear and power-law models of the inverse demand function in 2002-2021. The functions of the costs of mobile operators are considered and the direct dependence of costs on the volume of voice traffic is revealed. Cost functions and demand functions have a linear and power-law character in different periods of operator development, which indicates different types of scale expansion effects. The regularity of the influence of price dynamics on market growth is established: a power-law downward trend in prices stimulated intensive market growth, a linear downward trend contributed to smooth growth, and an increasing trend corresponding to the Giffen effect caused stagnation; it is proved that the concentration of the telecommunications market mainly determines the change in the market price of communication services; the principles of the impact of the scale-up effect on the change in the company's market share are defined: the constant return on scale-up can lead to both an increase and a narrowing of the operator's market share, depending on whether the company increases the pace of investment or reduces; the positive effect of scale-up, as a rule, causes an increase in the operator's market share, and the negative effect leads to a reduction in market share/ The conducted research can be used for further analysis of the actual data and trends of demand functions and costs functions of telecommunications market companies.
Studying of Privacy-Enhancing Technologies
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Chumburidze Yana , Kakorina Olesya ,   Volgograd State University
Published: February 2024

Confidential information is a valuable asset for organizations, and its protection is critical to ensure business security and maintain the trust of customers and partners. The issue of data privacy is becoming increasingly relevant in light of the growing number of data leaks both around the world and in Russia. This paper discusses various privacy-enhancing technologies. In this regard, new technologies are emerging that allow you to protect data from unauthorized access and maintain their confidentiality. This paper discusses various technologies that increase data privacy, such as data anonymization, pseudonymization, multiple computing methods, blockchain, differential confidentiality, homomorphic encryption, their advantages and disadvantages. The classification of technologies that increase privacy is given.
Barreras que afronta el alumnado con discapacidad visual en los servicios de apoyo para la inclusión en educación superior en México
Authors: Velázque Wong Karime , Rodríguez Robles Dolores
Published: February 2024

Esta investigación tiene como propósito conocer los servicios de apoyo (SA) para la inclusión con que cuentan las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en México, y detectar las barreras que existen en los mismos para el logro de una inclusión efectiva del alumnado con discapacidad visual (DV), así como también, conocer las propuestas del estudiantado con DV para la mejora de estos servicios. Se contó con la participación de doce estudiantes, de ocho universidades de México, de diferentes semestres y carreras profesionales. Partiendo del análisis de los datos, se estructuraron las respuestas por temáticas enfocadas en indagar los SA con que cuentan las IES, las barreras a las que se enfrenta el alumnado con DV en estos servicios y las propuestas de los mismos para su mejora. Los resultados arrojaron información concerniente a la escasez en los SA para la inclusión con que cuentan las IES en México y el peso que tienen para el aprendizaje del alumnado con DV, además apuntaron a una tarea más centrada en lo administrativo, que en lo pedagógico. Se concluyó que es necesario analizar en qué parte del proceso de inclusión se encuentran las IES, no sólo para garantizar el acceso e incorporación del alumnado con DV, sino para reconocer los diversos perfiles y brindar servicios de apoyo efectivos y eficaces.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS FOR ENTROPY GENERATION AND IRREVERSIBILITY ON NiZnFe2O4: ENGINE OIL BASED NANOFLUID IN POROUS MEDIUM
Authors: RamReddy Chetteti , Sweta  , Pranitha Janapatla
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of volume fraction on entropy generation in a melting stretching/shrinking sheet scenario, considering both first and second-order velocity slips. The investigation focuses on the mixed convective flow of a nanofluid in a porous medium comprising nickel-zinc ferrite and SAE 20W-40 motor oil, which is characterized by Society of Automotive Engineer. Ferrites possess exceptional resistance properties, a crucial consideration in microwave applications. The solution to the derived nondimensional flow governing differential equations is computed using the spectral local linearization method combined with a local non-similarity technique. An assessment of the error is performed to verify the convergence of the numerical approach utilized. A comparison to existing results for specific cases highlights a strong agreement. Various flow-influencing parameters are considered to investigate entropy production, Bejan number, velocity, temperature, heat transport, and skin friction characteristics. The outcomes are presented in graphical form for different parameter values. After simulation, it is perceived that the melting parameter and Darcy number disrupt the entropy by 35.94 and 2.21%, respectively, and enhance the heat transport rate by 27.71 and 2.72%, respectively. This work can be utilized in designing innovative materials for electronics and textiles, in environmental processes like groundwater movement and pollutant dispersion, and in the biomedical field like hyperthermia treatments, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
Correlation of soil magnetic susceptibility with heavy metals and physico-chemical profile
Authors: Ghobadi Farnaz , Khoramnejadian Shahrzad , Alipour Sadredin
Published: February 2024

The present study was conducted to determine magnetic susceptibility and its correlation with the concentration of selected heavy metals, including arsenic, chromium, cadmium and lead, as well as the physico-chemical properties of topsoil samples collected from District 5 of Tehran Municipality, Iran. The specimens were collected from 13 stations (0–10 cm depth), and the location of the sampling points was recorded as well using the Global Positioning System. The specimens were then analysed for physico-chemical properties, heavy metal concentration (by atomic absorption spectrometry) and in situ magnetic susceptibility at low frequency (χ lf, using a Bartington MS2 dual-frequency sensor). According to the results, the highest and lowest χ lf values were 34.1 × 10−8 and 16.3 × 10−8 m3/kg at stations 3 (Azadi bus station) and 11 (Jannatabad neighbourhood), respectively. A significant correlation was found between χ lf and the concentration of lead and chromium (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a positive and significant correlation between χ lf and the soil organic matter in the study area (P < 0.01). Based on the research findings, the magnetic susceptibility measure can be used to evaluate quickly the level of soil contamination with heavy metals and also to monitor the changes in soil organic matter.
Implementation of the Defense by a Lawyer at the Stage of Execution of the Sentence
Authors: Nepomnyashchikh Larisa
Published: February 2024

The article deals with problematic issues in the determination by the legislator of the procedural status of a lawyer participating in criminal enforcement proceedings to consider issues arising in the process of execution of final court. An analysis of the norms of criminal procedure legislation on the powers of a lawyer and his functions to protect the rights of convicts was carried out. Attention is drawn to the imperfection of the regulatory regulation of the procedural position of a lawyer when carrying out his activities in the enforcement process to protect the rights of convicts. Differences in the legislative norms on the name of a person who protects the rights of a convicted person in a penitentiary dispute have been established, which require improvement of the current legislation. The article presents various points of view of process scientists regarding the legal status of a person providing qualified legal assistance to convicted persons in court proceedings to resolve issues of execution of a sentence. The scientific position defining the exercise of representative functions by a lawyer in executive proceedings has been criticized, since the main function of a lawyer, regardless of the type of legal proceedings, is to provide qualified legal assistance during criminal proceedings, the purpose of which is to protect violated or disputed rights, freedoms and interests of a person in need. The article reflects some positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on the regulation of the provisions of the penal enforcement proceedings, including issues of the participation of a lawyer, which have a significant impact on the criminal process as a whole and ensuring the implementation of general legal principles of judicial proceedings, including ensuring the right to defense. The procedural norms of the legislation regulating the powers of the defense counsel in the implementation of the protection of the rights of convicts in the courts of the first, appeal and cassation instances are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the lack of legislative regulation of cases of mandatory participation and the procedure for appointing a lawyer in enforcement proceedings. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that it is necessary to endow a lawyer who protects the rights of convicts at the stage of execution of a sentence with the procedural status of a defender with legally fixed powers.
Prerequisites for Optimizing the Competencies of Subjects Carrying Out Criminal Pre-Trial Proceedings
Authors: Merlakov Danil
Published: February 2024

The author studies the establishment and development of Russian pre-trial proceedings in the pre-revolutionary time and later periods. Using the analysis of normative legal acts and opinions of scholars of criminal process, the author presents a vision of Russian pre-trial proceedings, which are carried out in two forms: preliminary investigation and inquiry. The essence of each form is presented and certain similarities between them are established. The analysis of changes in Russian criminal procedure legislation made it possible to identify time periods when steps were taken to blur the boundaries between investigation and inquiry. This could be viewed as an attempt for a gradual reorganization of preliminary investigation bodies into inquiry bodies. It is established that the post-revolutionary reforms of the law enforcement system led to the abolition of the bodies of preliminary investigation and the implementation of a new approach to pre-trial proceedings when investigation was carried out by separate unrelated bodies. The author draws attention to the fact that criminal procedural order of the inquiry became a vital feature of conducting it. It is concluded that, currently, the bodies of inquiry and investigation have equal powers at the stage of preliminary investigation, and there is no balanced correlation of competences between the investigation and the inquiry; at present, these forms of preliminary investigation compete with each other, which has a negative effect on the implementation of criminal procedure competence of subjects carrying out criminal pre-trial proceedings.
Cybervictimization: An Assessment of Consequences
Authors: Zhmurov Dmitriy
Published: February 2024

The author analyses the consequences of cybervictimization, i.e. the situation when a person becomes a victim in virtual space. A number of terms are defined, specifically, “the consequences of cybervictimization”, “the damage inflicted by cybervictimization”, their essential differences are pointed out. Besides, the characteristics of the damage inflicted by cybervictimization are described in detail, including: regressivity, ambivalence, irradiation, polymorphism, situational character and disproportionality. A typology of the forms of damage is proposed, which is based on both one-dimensional and poli-dimensional models of analyzing consequences. A detailed description is provided for thirty main forms of harm that could result from the victimization of a person online. Based on the suggested classification, as well as the recording of the degree of the inflicted damage, the author compiles a sample list for evaluating the degree of victimization on the Internet.
Agricultural Industry of Russia: Current State and Effectiveness of Protection Measures within Import Substitution Programs
Authors: Chuck Arthur , Shupletsov Alexander , Ogorodnikova Tatiana
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study is to assess effectiveness of the new ways to protect the agricultural industry of the Russian Federation from the negative impact of the economic sanctions imposed against the state in 2022. It is revealed that in the current situation the markets of plant protection products, seeds and agricultural machinery have suffered significantly. The protective measures are considered, their potential to mitigate the sanctions pressure of unfriendly countries on the Russian agribusiness and stimulate the development of the economy as a whole is assessed. The state needs to increase and stimulate funds in this sector of demand for scarce goods, improving the technical and technological component, establishing new supply routes, raising interest in theoretical and applied sciences. As a large number of foreign companies have terminated their activities in Russia and withdrawn from the Russian domestic market, the state has now more opportunities to develop its own production facilities.
Russia in the Regional Media of the People's Republic of China (Based on the Materials of “Heilongjiang Ribao”)
Authors: Stavrov IIvan
Published: February 2024

The article "Russia in the regional media of the People's Republic of China (Based on the materials of Heilongjiang Ribao)" is an analysis of the materials of the regional newspaper "Heilongjiang Ribao" (China, Harbin) — the central printing body of the provincial CPC committee of Heilongjiang Province, — for 2022. During the study, the following issues were considered: reflection of the Special Military Operation (SMO) of the Russian Federation; assessment of Russian-Chinese relations of interstate and cross-border relations; humanitarian cooperation between the PRC and the Russian Federation. Consideration of the press materials of the Heilongjiang province bordering Russia allows us to make several generalizations in accordance with the objectives of this work. Firstly, the coverage of the SMO was in line with the trends common to the PRC: the presentation of individual facts, assessments of different sides of the conflict and the positive-neutral position of the PRC. Secondly, the insignificance of issues on the international agenda for the region, which resulted in a limited presentation of material on this topic. Thirdly, in publications about Russian-Chinese border relations, Russia acts not so much as a subject, but as an object of interaction. On the one hand, cooperation with our country seems to be an important element of the economic development of Heilongjiang Province, on the other hand, information is provided without specifying the role of Russian regions in the development of such cooperation. And finally, when reviewing the interaction in the cultural sphere, a high assessment of the culture of Russia is obvious, the importance of relations with the relevant institutions of the Russian Federation for the development of their own cultural institutions, which have become the "hallmark of Longjiang". The volume of materials about Russia at the present time, as before, is influenced by the characteristic focus of the Chinese mass media on covering internal processes and a weak interest in the international agenda. The assessment of Russia in these materials is generally positive and neutral and reflects the main vectors of bilateral relations set by the governments of the two countries.
Root and canal morphology of the mandibular first molar: A micro-computed tomography-focused observation of literature with illustrative cases. Part 2: Internal root morphology
Authors: Jonker Casper H , Van der Vyver Peet J , Oettlé Anna C
Published: February 2024

The endodontic intervention of the mandibular first molar can be challenging. Once root canals or any portion of them remain undiscovered and untreated, the risk of treatment failure greatly increases. The consensus is that mandibular first molars may have three or four main root canals. However, variations have been noted between populations, which include the mid-mesial canal (MM) and the mid-distal canal (MD). Authors have also attempted to classify root canal configurations to identify common patterns for diagnostic and treatment planning purposes. The introduction of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to root and canal morphological studies revolutionised observation of complex root canal anatomy in three dimensions and high definition. This paper is the second of two providing an overview of literature on various aspect of the external and internal root and canal morphology of the mandibular first permanent molar. The aim is to provide an overview of relevant aspects of the internal root morphology of the mandibular first molar in different populations. The content is supported by illustrative micro-CT images and a report on clinical cases where anomalies have been treated
A simplified and evidence-informed approach to designing removable partial dentures. Part 3. The biomechanical basis of retention
Authors: Owen CP
Published: February 2024

For many decades the literature has regularly reported that there is a discrepancy between what is taught in dental school and what is practised, especially in the field of removable partial dentures. Not only that, but for more than 60 years reports from around the world have shown that, usually, most clinicians abdicate their responsibility to design a removable partial denture (RPD) and instead leave this to the dental technician, who has no knowledge of the clinical condition of the patient and works only from a cast. The majority of patients around the world who require RPDs to improve aesthetics and chewing can only afford a removable prosthesis simply because the majority are poor. But RPDs can improve these aspects and contribute to an improved quality of life
Andrena nahua, a new bee species from central Mexico (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Andreninae)
Authors: Neff John L
Published: February 2024

Andrena nahua Neff, new species, is described from three males from central Mexico.  It does not fit easily in any currently recognized subgenus of Andrena but can be distinguished from other Mexican Andrena by the combintion of its broad head, absence of facial maculation, striate frons, black color and weak tergal fascia.
Features of the architecture of modern rehabilitation centers
Authors: Rybacheva Olga , Doraev Mark
Published: February 2024

Architectural techniques for forming the space of rehabilitation centers of various directions are explored, and the main ways in which architecture influences the psychological and emotional perception of a person are identified. Using the example of implemented objects, the principles of organizing a spatial planning solution and forming the internal environment of rehabilitation centers, characteristic of a certain territorial context or architectural design, are considered. Particular attention is paid to the topic of introducing the natural environment into the space of the object, or its interaction with the landscape and environment.