bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RACISM TOWARDS AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY AS REFLECTED IN MAYA ANGELOU’S I KNOW WHY THE CAGED BIRD SINGS: BLACK AESTHETIC CRITICISM
Authors: Saputri Gisa Maya
Published: October 2021

The study of the African American community always circulates among the issues of race, racism, discrimination, slavery, and oppression. All these issues become the grand themes of African American literature. These literary works could be studied and covered under the scope of Black Aesthetic criticism. One of the prominent works of African American literature is an autobiography of Maya Angelou entitled I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969). This autobiography portrays Angelou’s childhood experiences which brings up the issues of race, racism, and oppression. This paper aims to analyze the kinds of racism experienced by the African American community and their struggle against it as depicted in the book. To provide a thorough discussion of the matter, critical race theory was employed as the method of analysis. The result is drawn based on the basic tenets of critical race theory proposed by Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic (2001); everyday racism, interest convergence, the social construction of race, differential realization, intersectionality, and voice of Color. The findings show the struggle of African American community against racism which are expressed through the act of ignorance, promoting intelligence, communal efforts, resistance, promoting social movement, and stepping forward to voice their experience through African American literature.
FASHION AND COMMODIFICATION: AN ANALYSIS ON THE GLOBAL PHENOMENON OF SUPREME
Authors: Ayuningtyas Winda Eka Pahla , Adhitya Galant Nanta
Published: October 2021

Globalization is the global information spread and people interconnectivity. It is driven by technological developments in transportation and communication, removing cultural boundaries among nations. Cultural differences are increasingly less tangible and visible in all cultural products, including in fashion. Due to globalization, fashion brands that originate in a certain country can open stores across multiple continents. The invention of the Internet further widens their accessibility by consumers in any part of the world. However, globalization also brings an affordability gap between the upper and the lower classes. Nonetheless, fashion brands can also take advantage of this economic difference in appealing to their consumers. One of those brands is Supreme. Founded in 1994, it became the most sought-after hypebeast brand among street-fashion enthusiasts worldwide. How do they do it in less than 30 years is interesting to analyze. To answer this objective, this article is conducted from the cultural studies standpoint and the case study method. There are three formulas of positioning it adopts in order to grow globally: (1) the commodification African-American community, (2) the use of celebrity endorsement, and (3) the hype of limited-edition releases. Supreme sells oversized streetwear, heavily influenced by Hip-hop culture, a music genre rooted in the lives of African Americans. The brand makes use of celebrities, especially rappers, to endorse its clothes and accessories. It also continually makes headlines by releasing limited-edition products as well as collaborating with well-known figures and brands.
Poe entre las sombras: una poética del silencio
Authors: Muñoz Adrián
Published: October 2021

Este ensayo analiza la poética de Edgar Poe a través de los símbolos del silencio y la sombra. El ensayo se centra en los cuentos “Silence” y “Shadow” pero también dialoga con otras obras. Más que abordar al autor desde la literatura detectivesca o de terror, el propósito es explorar la impronta de angustias religiosas en su narrativa poética.  Mediante un examen del modo en que se articula la disyuntiva silencio/sonido en distintas obras, es posible detectar una “resonancia numinosa” que subyace a la producción de Poe y la cual apuntala una escatología fónica muy clara. Así, la repetición de motivos y sonidos funciona como una suerte de epitafio poético o “hipnosis fónica” que integra cuentos y poemas en una red numinosa.
Assessment of Productivity Constraints in Building Construction Industry
Authors: Patil Pratima V.
Published: October 2021

Abstract: Construction management deals with planning, organizing, securing and managing resources to bring out the successful completion of specific engineering project goal and objectives. Assessment of productivity in construction industries includes identifying the key constraints to on site labor productivity and improvement measures.This study aims to identify the key constraints to on-site labour productivity and improvement measures. Using the descriptive survey method, views of some project managers, contractors and subcontractors in Kolhapur was canvassed via pilot interviews and questionnaire surveys at the qualitative and quantitative data gathering stages, respectively. Multi-attribute technique was used to analyse the quantitative data. Results showed that the key external constraints to on-site labour productivity comprise, in order of decreasing impact, statutory compliance, unforeseen events and wider external dynamics. The internal constraints were found to have much higher impact on onsite productivity than the external factors. In order of diminishing levels of impact, the internal constraints comprise reworks, level of skill and experience of the workforce, adequacy of method of construction, buildability issues, and inadequate supervision and coordination.The factors underlying each broad category of external and internal constraints are reported. The relative levels of impact of the identified constraints are expected to guide the project team in addressing the constraints in a cost-effective manner. Keywords: Construction management, Labour productivity, Performance improvement, Productivity constraints.
Assessment of the impact of climatic characteristics and landscape changes on the maximum flow of small watersheds
Authors: Ilinich Vitaly V. , Perminov Aleksey V. , Naumova Anna A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. The article dedicated to safety of hydraulic structures in small catchments. The research consists in the development of a methodology for assessment of influence of climatic and landscape changes on the maximum flow which determins sizes for the construction elements. The practical significance is due to the assessment of changes in the reliability of hydraulic structures, as well as the degree of potential flooding of territories and soil erosion during rain floods. In scientific terms, the practical significance lies in the justification of changes in the parameters of the formula for the maximum flow calculating. The main goal of the study was to test hypotheses about an increase in the intensity of storm rainfalls and of changes in landscape characteristics during recent decades. Accordingly the next problems were desided: assessment the increase in the daily maximums of precipitation and landscape changes over the past decades; as well as assessing the degree of influence of the above factors on the increase in the maximum water.

Materials and methods. The data of the network weather station and the landscape characteristics of the catchment area served as the research materials. Methods of statistical analysis and geoinformation technologies were used as research methods.

Results. The main results of the research were the characteristics of the increase in maximum daily precipitation and landscape changes over the past decades and the characteristics of their influence on the increase in maximum water flow, obtained on the base of probability theory and of the surface flow theory.

Conclusions. A confirmation of the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for assessing changes in the climatic and landscape characteristics of catchments and their impact on the flood maximums. The hydraulic structures built both in the second half of the twentieth century on small catchments, and in subsequent years when using existing building regulations that do not have proper updating have lost their original reliability.
BASHKIR TROOPS ON THE STERLITAMAK FRONT 2ND HALF 1918 TO BEGINNING 1919
Authors:   Bashkir State University (Russia), Gafarov A.Z.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the participation of the Bashkir army on the Sterlitamak front during the Civil War. The author set the task to consider in detail the events on this front. He gave a brief overview of the participation of the Bashchast in the battles against the Red Army on the side of the Whites. The events on the Sterlitamak front, where fierce battles took place between the White Bashkirs and the Red units, were particularly carefully analyzed. The study of this problem helps to reveal in more detail the little-known pages of the Civil War in Bashkortostan. The forces, condition and equipment of the Bashkir troops participating in the battles on this front are described in detail. The author focuses on the Bashkir troops, despite their serious condition, which successfully held the defense at the front, attracting large forces of the Red Army. On the basis of the report of the Chief of staff of the Sterlitamak Front, the winter events of 1919 were restored. The characteristic features of the Bashkir troops are highlighted and described. The actions on this front were one of the decisive moments of the Civil War on the territory of Bashkortostan. In conclusion, it is concluded that the fighting on this front partially led to the process of transition and further choice of the path to create the autonomy of Bashkortostan. The chronological framework of the events covered in this publication covers the period from the second half of 1918 to the beginning of 1919, the period of active battles of the Civil War on the territory of Bashkortostan.
SPECIAL INTERMEDIATION OF BASHKIR LANDS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE UFA PROVINCE)
Authors:   Bashkir State University (Russia), Minlebaev I.U.
Published: October 2021

This paper analyzes the socio-economic reality of the second half of the XIX century and provides material on special land surveying of the Bashkir lands. As sources, the materials of the fund "Ufa Provincial presence on Peasant affairs" were used. In addition to the survey materials, there are some narrative sources, in particular, a book by the famous writer and ethnologist, S. I. Rudenko, describing the daily life of the Bashkirs and the activities of the authorities in this period of time. Here attention is drawn to the activities of various state institutions that sought to provide the population with the necessary land. The authorities differentiated the norms of minimum land security for Bashkirs-patrimonial owners, mishars, teptyars, and various categories of peasants. Periodically, the authorities adjusted the norms of legal support for different groups of the rural population, allowed the possibility of exchanging land, and also did not exclude monetary compensation from the state if there was a shortage of land. In addition, the authorities created new state institutions with the involvement of interested parties to regulate land relations in the province. So from the second half of the XIX century, the government begins its activities in this direction. New approaches began to manifest themselves in the actions of the authorities since the 60s of the XIX century, when attempts were made to settle the land issue in the region through detailed regulation. At the same time, positive trends in the further development of the region's territory were periodically accompanied by acts of direct administrative arbitrariness against the Bashkirs, both on the part of the provincial authorities and land buyers in the region.
Participant motivation to engage in a citizen science campaign: the case of the TESS network
Authors: Celino Irene , Re Calegari Gloria , Scrocca Mario , Zamorano Jaime , Gonzalez Guardia Esteban
Published: October 2021

Citizen science involves laymen in some steps of a scientific experiment: citizens are volunteers devoting their free time to citizen science projects. Therefore it is important to investigate the factors influencing their motivation and engagement. In this paper, we present our study to investigate the motivation factors of the TESS photometer network participants, an initiative to collect light pollution data. We present the results and insight of our investigation and the instrument we adopted, which can be useful for the broad citizen science community.
CÓDIGOS ÉTICOS DE EMPRESA: FUNCIÓN Y REMEDIOS
Authors: Benatti Francesca
Published: October 2021

Este ensayo se enmarca los códigos éticos en el contexto de la globalización y la gobernanza global. Los códigos éticos como instrumento de responsabilidad social empresarial han tenido una importante difusión y aplicación en los últimos años. Sin embargo, hoy se está discutiendo su efectividad legal. El artículo se centra en una posible identificación de remedios civiles.
Presentación
Authors: Prado Pamela
Published: October 2021

Presentación
Cooperation of Two Institutes in the Study of Humanitarian Relations of the Peoples of the Union State in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: Saverchenko Ivan V.
Published: October 2021

In an interview with the magazine “Two centuries of the Russian classics” director of the branch of the Institute of Literary Criticism of Janka Kupala of the Center for the Study of Belarusian Culture, Language and Literature of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Ivan Vasilyevich Saverchenko talks about the ongoing cooperation of his Institute with the IWL RAS since 2015, connected with the study of literary and cultural relationships between Russians and Belarusians in the 19th and 20th centuries. Ivan Saverchenko shows the uniqueness of the project, which, on the basis of archival and rare materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, makes it possible to recreate the entire historical panorama of national interconnections in its original form. In the interview, it is reported about the funds and archives investigated by scientists, about unique documents found in the process of work, about the personalities of writers, cultural and public figures, whose work was of great importance for the creative interaction of Russian and Belarusian peoples. Particular attention is paid to the presentation of joint collective monographs, scientific articles based on research materials, international scientific forums, conferences, round tables and scientific and practical seminars.
Did Khor Need Literacy? (I. S. Turgenev and A. A. Fet: Two Views on Primary Education)
Authors: Generalova Natalya P.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses two points of view on the primary education, literacy — I. S. Turgenev’s and A. A. Fet’s. The author describes the landmark clash between Turgenev and Fet, and also shows the mood and plans of both writers in the early 1860s. In August 1860, in anticipation of the abolition of serfdom, while in England, on the Isle of Wight, Turgenev conceived and drew up a “Draft Program for the Society for the Promotion of Literacy and Primary Education”. And Fet, forced to leave literature as a result of “persecution” of “pure art”, acquired 200 acres of black soil in the Mtsensk district. On the eve of the abolition of serfdom, the poet, who did not have his own estate and serfs, found himself in the position of a farmer, who had to endure fully on his own experience the endless troubles associated with the introduction of reforms in all spheres of economic and political life. His journalism touched upon a variety of issues, one of which was literacy. Fet’s opinion on this issue looks paradoxical. However, he was not alone, urging not to equate literacy, education and upbringing, giving preference to the moral upbringing of the people in solving the problem. A similar position was taken by V. I. Dal, whose letter to the publisher of the journal “Russkaya Beseda” A. I. Koshelev is analyzed in the article.
INFLUENCIA DEL GÉNERO, NIVEL EDUCATIVO Y PRÁCTICA DEPORTIVA DE LOS PROGENITORES SOBRE HÁBITOS DEPORTIVOS EN ESCOLARES
Authors: Mateo-Orcajada Adrián , Vaquero-Cristóbal Raquel , Abenza-Cano Lucía , Martínez-Castro Sonia María , Gallardo-Guerrero Ana María , Leiva-Arcas Alejandro , Sánchez-Pato Antonio
Published: October 2021

La importancia de los padres en la actividad física de sus hijos durante la adolescencia ha sido constatada previamente, pero pocos estudios han establecido cuáles son las variables más determinantes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las diferencias en la práctica deportiva de los adolescentes según el nivel educativo, el nivel de práctica deportiva y los estereotipos de género de sus progenitores. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 965 adolescentes y 1599 progenitores de la Región de Murcia. Los resultados mostraron diferencias en la práctica deportiva de los adolescentes al considerar el nivel educativo de las madres, la actividad física realizada por los padres para los varones, la frecuencia de práctica de las madres para las mujeres y los estereotipos de género de las madres. Como conclusiones, señalar que los estereotipos de género y el nivel educativo de los progenitores influyeron en la práctica deportiva de los adolescentes.
Odontossecção intermediária em retenção atípica de caninos inferiores
Authors: Azambuja Taís Weber Furlanetto de , Bercini Francesca , Padilha Dalva Maria Pereira
Published: October 2021

Two lower canines horizontally situated in the anterior mental region were removed. In order to minimize bone loss during teeth extraction it was used an intermediate tooth section technique. Sectioning allows central, crown and apical portions of the tooth to be removed through a not too large opening provided by bone removal.
Estudo radiográfico e microscópico das reabsorções radiculares na presença de periodontites apicais crônicas (microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura).
Authors: Ferlini Filho João , Garcia Roberto Brandão
Published: October 2021

The objective of this dissertation, which employed 72 extracted human teeth, carrices of periapical lesion, was the morphological study of the resorptions, trying to relate their microscopic identification With the presence or not of the phenomenon in the X-ray of diagnosis. In a first stage we proceeded to the analysis of the X-ray pictures related to the seventy two samples, then in a second stage we submitted chem to Che analysis in optical microscopy. The third stage of our work comprised the confrontation of the radiographic and microscopic findings of the sampling, observing the aspects that occurred in both analyses or in just one of them. The results of the radiographic analysis showed that 63,88% of the samples did not allow to identify radicular resorption, being included in the monobservable radicular resorption category. The rest of the sampling, 36, 11% allowed to see in the X-ray some form of resorption called ohservable radicular resorption. In the microscopic analysis, 5 of the roots kept complete radicular contour, being included in the category of absent radicular resorption. However, most part of the roots, 94,44%, showed some kind of resorption, being included in the group with present radicular resorption. The present dissertation also showed evidence that the conventional X-ray pictures are not efficient resources for the diagnosis of radicular resorptions at initial stages
Comparison of three cohorts of COVID-19 patients with different severity: exposure to antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid-lowering agents
Authors: Riera-Arnau Judit , Agustí Antònia , Miarons Marta , Sanchez-Montalva Adrian , Cossio Yolima , Diogène Eduard , Vidal Xavier , Danés Immaculada
Published: October 2021

Aim: The association between COVID-19 disease severity and certain
medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases is currently under
discussion. We herein evaluated if previous exposure to
antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic, and lipid-lowering drugs increases the
risk of poorer COVID-19 outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective
study on three cohorts of COVID-19 adult patients between March 2020 and
May 2020 at the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Information relating
to the patient lifestyle, comorbidities, and chronic exposures was
retrieved from primary healthcare electronic records. Three cohorts were
examined, namely patients who had died or required intensive care
treatment (ICU/Death [ICU-D] Cohort), patients who required
hospitalisation (Hospitalisation [HOSP] Cohort), and patients who
only attended the emergency department (Emergencies [EM] Cohort).
Descriptive statistics and a multivariate logistic regression model were
used to investigate associations with drug exposure, where EM was
employed as the reference cohort. Results: We included 1,778 patients:
417 (23.5%) from the ICU-D Cohort, 1,052 (59.2%) from the HOSP Cohort,
and 309 (17.4%) from the EM Cohort. After multiple imputations and data
adjustment by potential confounders, no statistically significant
association was observed between the COVID-19 severity and the use of
antihypertensives, hypoglycaemic agents, or lipid-lowering agents, with
the exception of calcium channel blockers (CCB) (ICU-D Cohort: OR 2.23;
CI 95% [1.03–4.83]; P = 0.042). Conclusions: Most results on
lifestyle characteristics and comorbidities related to COVID-19 severity
were in agreement with current knowledge, although some associated
factors are nowadays a matter of controversy and further investigation
is required.
Variation in the intestinal microbiota of tadpole and adult Hynobius maoershanensis
Authors: Yang Bo , NING MEIHONG , CHEN YU , CUI ZHENZHEN , WU ZHENGJUN , HUANG HUAYUAN
Published: October 2021

The intestinal microbiota play an important role in the life of
amphibians. The composition of the intestinal microbial community may
vary by developmental stage. In this study, 16S rRNA high-throughput
sequencing was used to study the intestinal microbiota of Hynobius
maoershanensis tadpoles and adults that exclusively inhabit the Maoer
Mountain swamp at an altitude of approximately 2000 m. The results
indicated that there was no significant difference in intestinal
microbiota between tadpoles and adults. Nevertheless, the abundance of
intestinal microbiota in adults was much higher than that in tadpoles.
Specifically, at the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was more abundant in
adults than in tadpoles. At the genus level, Proteobacteria,
Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Planctomycetes were more abundant in
tadpoles, whereas Burkholderiaceae, Caedibacter, Bacteroides, and
Serratia were more abundant in adults. A functional prediction analysis
revealed that there was no significant difference between tadpoles and
adults; however, the function of the intestinal microbiota in H.
maoershanensis includes amino acid transport and metabolism, general
function prediction only, transcription, energy production and
conversion, liquid transport, and metabolism. The aquatic and
terrestrial living environment of tadpoles and adults may be the main
reason for the difference in intestinal microbiota between tadpoles and
adults. Our study provides evidence of variations in the intestinal
microbiota of tadpoles and adult amphibians, highlighting the influence
of historical developments on the intestinal microbiota and the need for
increased understanding of the importance of physiological
characteristics in shaping intestinal microbiota of amphibians, which
consequently help us to understand the adaptative mechanism of
amphibians from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment.
Bacillus Subtilis as Self-Healing Agent in Cement Mortar: The Effect of Curing Time and Amount of Calcium Lactate on Strength
Authors: Muhammad Sohail , Siddiqui Humair Ahmed
Published: October 2021

Crack growth is a major cause of failure in structures that are made using cement and concrete. Healing of these cracks can increase the life span of structures. In the present study micro-organism based self-healing of structures is studied. A commonly occurring micro-organism bacterium called Bacillus Subtilis, is used in the manufacturing of cement mortar blocks as a self-healing agent for cement mortar blocks, with the use of Calcium Lactate as feed for bacteria. In the first step, colonies of Bacillus Subtilis were grown and added with calcium lactate to produce a solution. The solution was then kept for one week to observe the metabolic product of Bacillus Subtilis. It was found that the bacterial product was composed of CaCO3 and thus the bacteria is suitable to be used as self-healing agent. Self-healing cement mortar blocks were made by adding Bacteria and Calcium Lactate with usual ingredients of cement mortar, i.e. cement, sand and water. It was found that the bacteria were also effective in converting Calcium Lactate to Calcium Carbonate, when mixed in cement mortar blocks. It was observed that the pores of cement mortar blocks were filled by Calcium Carbonate and that cracks get healed by the deposition of Calcium Carbonate in the cracks. Cement mortar blocks, with and without healing agent, were made to compare the effect of curing time. The samples were tested after seven, fourteen and twenty-eight days to compare the effect of healing agent. All the samples with the healing agent showed a higher compressive strength in comparison with the samples that were made without healing agent. Different percentages of Calcium Lactate, ranging from 1-7% were also used to find the best composition for future use. It was found that the compressive strength was increasing up to 5% while above 5% the increase was marginal thus it is proposed that Calcium Lactate should be used in between 5-7 % to reduce the cost of self-healing cement in construction industry.
Electrical Submersible Pump Design in Vertical Oil Wells
Authors: S Gomaa
Published: October 2021

Artificial Lift is a very essential tool to increase the oil production rate or lift the oil column in the wellbore up to the surface. Artificial lift is the key in case of bottom hole pressure is not sufficient to produce oil from the reservoir to the surface. So, a complete study is carried to select the suitable type of artificial lift according to the reservoir and wellbore conditions like water production, sand production, solution gas-oil ratio, and surface area available at the surface. Besides, the maintenance cost and volume of produced oil have an essential part in the selection of the type of artificial lift tool. Artificial lift tools have several types such as Sucker Rod Pump, Gas Lift, Hydraulic Pump, Progressive Cavity Pump, Jet Pump, and Electrical Submersible Pump. All these types require specific conditions for subsurface and surface parameters to apply in oil wells. This paper will study the Electrical Submersible Pump “ESP” which is considered one of the most familiar types of artificial lifts in the whole world. Electrical Submersible Pump “ESP” is the most widely used for huge oil volumes. In contrast, ESP has high maintenance and workover cost. Finally, this paper will discuss a case study for the Electrical Submersible pump “ESP” design in an oil well. This case study includes the entire well and reservoir properties involving fluid properties to be applied using Prosper software. The results of the design model will impact oil productivity and future performance of oil well.
Loss Prevention Mitigation in Sour Water Stripper (SWS) Cooler Using Process and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modelling
Authors: H Hassan-Beck
Published: October 2021

Sour water stripping (SWS) units are similar to other process units that can bring many operational challenges to meet target stripped water specifications. Failure of any equipment in the unit leads to unplanned shutdown and hence increases the downtime of the unit. In this study we investigated the outlet nozzle and elbow downstream the finfan cooler as they occasionally leak due to apparently metal thinning. Process simulation using appropriate electrolyte thermodynamic package to predict vapour liquid equilibrium and streams flow rates was used. Subsequently, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was use to predict the erosion patterns. To mitigate and prevent unit upset, many option have been recommended to change the operating mode of the finfan cooler so as to circumvent alloy change. The CFD simulation results matched the erosion pattern that caused the loss of wall thickness. Different cases were investigated addressing elbow size, flow regime and elbow angle. The results, however, have indicated that the erosion is unavoidable irrespective of the fluctuation in the throughputs to the unit.
Muutoksia ruokavalinnoissa COVID-19-pandemian aikana: Kansainvälisen Corona Cooking Survey -tutkimuksen tuloksia Suomesta
Authors: Salmivaara Laura , Niva Mari , Torkkeli Kaisa , Mäkelä Johanna , Vainio Annukka
Published: October 2021

COVID-19-pandemian aikaiset rajoitustoimet muuttivat ihmisten arkisia käytäntöjä monin tavoin.  Tarkastelemme artikkelissamme, millaisia muutoksia kevään 2020 rajoitustoimet aiheuttivat ruokavalinnoissa ja aterioiden valmistamisessa käyttäen terveellisiä raaka-aineita sekä miten sosioekonomiset ja muut taustatekijät, kuten koettu psyykkinen rasitus ja etätyö, olivat yhteydessä tapahtuneisiin muutoksiin.
Analysoimme kansainvälisessä Corona Cooking Survey -hankkeessa Suomessa kerättyä syömistä ja ruoanlaittoa tarkastelevaa kyselyaineistoa. Sosiaalisessa mediassa jaettuun kyselyyn vastasi touko-kesäkuussa 2020 yhteensä 744 Suomessa asuvaa 19–85-vuotiasta. Kyselyn vastaajat eivät ole väestöä edustava otos, sillä suurin osa vastaajista oli naisia (91 %) ja korkeakoulututkinnon suorittaneita (81 %). Kuvaamme vastaajien raportoimia muutoksia yhteensä 19 ruoka-aineen käytön useudessa sekä aterioiden valmistamisessa terveellisistä raaka-aineista. Multinomiaalisissa logistisissa regressiomalleissa tarkastelemme terveellisistä raaka-aineista tehtyjen aterioiden valmistuksessa sekä viiden erilaisen ruoka-aineen käytössä tapahtuneisiin muutoksiin yhteydessä olevia tekijöitä.
Kaikkien ruoka-aineiden osalta yli puolet vastaajista raportoi, ettei kulutus ollut muuttunut. Eniten lisääntyi makeiden naposteltavien (29 % raportoi syövänsä aikaisempaa useammin) ja suolaisten naposteltavien (21 %) sekä valkoisen leivän, pastan ja viljojen (21 %) käyttö ja harventui liha-, siipikarja-, kala- tai kasvisjalosteiden (34 %), palkokasvien (29 %) ja pähkinöiden (27 %) käyttö. Regressiomallien tulosten mukaan useimmilla taustatekijöillä ei ollut yhteyttä muutoksiin ja selittävät tekijät vaihtelivat eri ruoka-aineissa. Koettu psyykkinen rasitus oli yhteydessä todennäköisyyteen kuluttaa aiempaa useammin makeita naposteltavia, sokeroituja juomia ja alkoholijuomia. Etätyö oli yhteydessä todennäköisyyteen syödä aiempaa harvemmin kasviksia ja useammin suolaisia naposteltavia, mutta myös todennäköisyyteen valmistaa aiempaa useammin aterioita terveellisistä raaka-aineista. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että pandemia on lisännyt välipalaistumista. Jatkotutkimusta tarvitaan väestöä edustavilla otoksilla syömisrutiinien pidempiaikaisista muutoksista ja niiden mahdollisesta muuttumisesta terveellisemmiksi tai epäterveellisemmiksi tottumuksiksi eri väestöryhmissä.
Tutusta tuntemattomaan: työyksikön muutos sairaalan henkilökunnan henkisen hyvinvoinnin riskitekijänä COVID-19-pandemian aikana
Authors: Mattila Elina , Peltokoski Jaana , Parkkila Anna-Kaisa , Helminen Mika , Neva Marko , Kaunonen Marja
Published: October 2021

COVID-19-pandemia on johtanut laajamittaisiin yhteiskunnan rajoittamistoimiin terveydenhuollon kantokyvyn turvaamiseksi. Terveydenhuollossa on jouduttu tekemään toimintojen uudelleenorganisointia, joka on vaatinut henkilökunnalta sopeutumista uudenlaisiin työnkuviin ja työskentely-ympäristöihin. Muutokset ovat heijastuneet henkilöstön henkiseen hyvinvointiin ja lisänneet stressin kokemuksia. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on kuvailla sairaalan sisällä uuteen työyksikköön siirtyneen ja omaan työyksikköön jääneen henkilökunnan henkistä hyvinvointia COVID-19-pandemian aikana keväällä 2020. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kahdesta suomalaisesta sairaalasta sähköisellä Webropol-kyselyllä koko henkilökunnalta. Henkinen hyvinvointi koostui ahdistuneisuuden, työstressin ja COVID-19 infektion tarttumisen pelkojen tarkastelusta. Lisäksi tutkittavia pyydettiin kirjoittamaan kokemuksistaan uuteen työyksikköön siirtymisestä. Kyselyyn vastasi yhteensä 1995 työntekijää. Vastanneista 17 % (n=345) oli siirtynyt työhön uuteen työyksikköön. Uuteen työyksikköön siirtyneillä oli merkitsevästi enemmän ahdistuneisuutta kuin omaan työyksikköön jääneillä (p<0.001). Uuteen työyksikköön siirtyminen synnytti mielipiteen ohittamisen ja tukea vaille jäämisen kokemuksia, ammatillisen itsetunnon horjumista sekä pitkittynyttä epävarmuutta ja pettymystä palkitsemattomuuteen. Uuteen työyksikköön siirtynyt henkilökunta koki jääneensä ilman emotionaalista tukea. He myös epäilivät omaa osaamistaan ja pelkäsivät virheiden tekemistä. Siirtynyt henkilökunta koki tulevaisuutensa monin tavoin epäselväksi. Henkilöstösiirrot tulisi toteuttaa hallitusti henkilöstöä kuunnellen ja osaamista kunnioittaen. Pakkosiirtymisen kokemusten sijasta tulee vahvistaa henkilökunnan osallisuutta päätöksenteossa, ja pyrkiä vapaaehtoisuuteen siirroissa. Keskeistä on myös tukea henkilökunnan ammatillista itsetuntoa ja sopeutumista uuteen työyksikköön. Uuteen työyksikköön siirtymisen herättämät tunteet ja ajatukset, on tärkeää käsitellä pandemia tilanteen väistyessä.
The concept of "legal consciousness" in modern philosophical and legal discourse
Authors: Skorobogatov Andrey Valerievich , Samovich Yulia Vladimirovna , Krasnov Alexander Valerievich , Sharifullin Ramil Anvarovich , Gumerov Lenar Askhatovich
Published: October 2021

In the process of communication, the subjective image of reality becomes intersubjective and acquires convectional features. Under these conditions, basic legal concepts become crucial, on the one hand, allowing a person to make the reflection of legal reality more reasonable, on the other hand, contributing to the study of these processes not only in an abstract but also in a wide socio-cultural context. In this regard, the most significant concept is "legal consciousness" which determines the general direction of legal research and forms the methodological basis for the study of legal concepts and phenomena. The understanding, interpretation and assessment of other legal phenomena (lawmaking, law enforcement, legal relations, subjective rights and legal obligations, legality and order, principles of law, etc.) depend on how the essence of law is understood, what is included in this concept, what features it is endowed with.
Empirical investigation of factors affecting online shopping behavior
Authors: Nasidi Qaribu Yahaya , Ahmad Muhamad Fazil bin , Garba Murtala , Hassan Isyaku , Gamji Musa Barau
Published: October 2021

This study aims to examine advertising, online risk, perceived usefulness, and reliability as factors affecting online shopping behavior among subscribers of online stores in Nigeria. This research adopted a quantitative approach in which a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The respondents consist of 375 subscribers of online stores who had prior online shopping experiences from an online store based in Nigeria. The study used Smart-PLS for data analysis. The findings revealed that advertising and perceived usefulness have a significant positive effect on online shopping behavior. On the other hand, online risk has a negative effect on online shopping behavior. Additionally, there is a positive relationship between reliability and online shopping behavior. This research could be a valuable guideline for online firms to make informed decisions on how to increase online sales. Additionally, this research could advance online shoppers’ knowledge, particularly Nigerians, regarding online shopping.
Issues of implementation of equality of arms principle in case of declaring the applied law unconstitutional
Authors: Berestova Iryna , Khotynska-Nor Oksana
Published: October 2021

The Article considers the issue of ensuring the constitutional principle of equality of litigants before the law and the court during review of the judgement in view of the exceptional circumstances after consideration of the case by the Constitutional Court. Based on the study of legal nature of such consequences of nullity of the law as pro futuro, ex nunc, ex tunc, the risks of violation of the constitutional right of a person to judicial protection shall be established. The aim of the Article is to detect the objective demonstration of the constitutional principle of equality of litigants before the law and the court. The methods of the study: system, dialectical, integrative, interdisciplinary and scientific methods applied to detect the interrelation between the constitutional principle of equality of arms and its practical demonstration in litigation process. The main results of the study. Two components affecting the efficiency of protection of such right have been established: future effect of the judgement of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and impossibility to consider the application in view of exceptional circumstances if before appeal to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine a person’s claim was dismissed in full under the applicable laws and was further declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court. The erroneous legal position of the supreme court in the system of the judiciary of Ukraine was proved in terms of the impossibility of initiating proceeding in exceptional circumstances after delivery of the judgement of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine due to the fact that the person’s claim had previously been dismissed and such a judgement does not provide for its enforcement. This conclusion deprives a person of the right to a final trial at the national level in accordance with the procedure of applying to the court (Articles 8, 24, 55, paragraph 1 Part 2 of Article 129 of the Constitution of Ukraine). It is proposed to develop a special law establishing the grounds and procedure for compensation by the state of moral and financial damages caused by the law recognized as the unconstitutional one.
Collisions in local lawmaking
Authors: Lenher Yana
Published: October 2021

The study is devoted to clarifying the problem of existing collisions in local lawmaking, which allowed to substantiate the common understanding of this problem, as well as to identify new theoretical and applied conclusions and positions related to the need to resolve collisions in local lawmaking, their specifics and special characteristics. It is established that the country has adopted and operates a large number of regulations, many of which contradict each other, have internal inconsistencies and inconsistencies. Legal science and practice face the task of in-depth analysis of the causes of municipal legal collisions, finding ways to prevent and resolve them. It is pointed out that the emergence and increasing severity of conflicts in local lawmaking in most cases due to incomplete legal regulation of public relations, violation of the rules of legal technique in the adoption of local acts, insufficiently effective ways to prevent and resolve the latter. In addition, it is established that the method of settling and resolving local conflicts through the prism of legislative establishment of the priority of application of the norm and act is the most clear and effective.

In the course of the research the systematic analysis of views on the collisions in law in general is carried out, the basic signs of the conflict in local law-making, its place among the specified categories in the plane are defined; analysis of the process of evolution of the social contradiction into a legal one with the subsequent transformation into a collision and a gap; legal conflict is defined as a subjective-objective phenomenon of legal reality. Among the existing large number of classifications of legal conflicts are local-legal, which are legal contradictions that arise due to subjective and objective reasons and errors in the exercise of powers to resolve the population directly and (or) through local governments, local issues, which is manifested in the adoption of regulations of local governments and their officials. Based on the analysis, the characteristic features of local-legal conflict are determined, which are detailed by the specified provisions on the connection of partial and general, manifestation in various forms and types, depending on the specifics of causes and solutions, local self-government issues of local significance and the emergence of the implementation of powers and the adoption of relevant municipal legal acts of local governments and their officials, with its own specific set of elements of the resolution mechanism.
CHALLENGE AND CHANGE IN SCHOLASTIC JOURNALISM AS RELATED TO THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS
Authors: Haynes-Moore Stacy
Published: October 2021

Changing notions of literacy impact and complicate ways in which English language arts educators adapt curriculum in meaningful ways for students. In this paper, I position scholastic journalism as authentic, 21st

It is a wintery Saturday morning and a small group of student writers and editors wait outside Publications Room 70 eager for me to unlock the school door. The group is ready to work. They

century ELA coursework. I provide an historical overview of scholastic journalism. I emphasize impacts of media law, emergent technologies, and redesigned school literacy goals to the ways in which scholastic journalism negotiates acceptance within ELA curriculum.
SULA: A PORTRAYALOFBLACKAMERICA.N"WOMA.~ ASHEADOFTHEFANULY
Authors: Dukut Ekawati Marhaenny
Published: October 2021

In a world of patriarchy, the head of a family is usua/~v the

male. However, under certain circumstances, such as the depression

era of the 1930s that the Black American family had to face, the

mother is forced to become the head of the family. Through a brief

look at history, actual~v the function of Black American woman as

the key person of upholding the family ties and sustaining thefamity 's

livelihood has been carried out ever since the Blacks arrived in

America as slaves. 7'hrough one kind of cultural studies approach,

i. e. an American studies approach, the article discusses this event

through a close analysis of the female characters described in the

novel 'Sula '.
SUPERNATURAL BELIEF IN JAVANESE CULTURE: INEVITABLE AND ERRONEOUS
Authors: Bruce Stuart A.
Published: October 2021

The Javanese people have a healthy beliefin ghosts. magic

and the supernatural; one which often seems contradictory to the

more scientifically-based beliefs held in the western world. These

beliefs are born from ignorance and from culture. Ignorance here

has a relationship to levels of both literacy and personal intelligence.

and if ignorance causes a lack of understanding. lack of

understanding is a breeding ground for belief in ghosts. The culture

of the Javanese is the other major factor in producing such strong

and widely-held beliefs. Traditional and modern popular cultures

create a mental pre-conditioning that affects judgement. Similarly.

collective belief and especially the use of story give the Javanese an

excellent foundation for embraCing all things supernatural.

Combined with prevalent social conditions. the Javanese are

convinced. but wrongly so. of the existence of ghosts and magic.
INCIDENCIA DE LAS INSTITUCIONES DE APOYO A LA CREACIÓN DE EMPRESAS EN LA CIUDAD DE SINCELEJO AÑO 2010 Y 2011
Authors: DE LA OSSA GUERRA SANTANDER JOSE , HERNANDEZ TABOADA FERNANDO , HERNANDEZ RUYDIAZ JORGE
Published: October 2021

El fomento  productivo a  través  de  las  MIPYMES, así como la promoción del emprendimiento por parte del estado,  consolidan un marco institucional de apoyo a la creación de empresas, que facilitan el desarrollo económico local, aprovechando las potencialidades del microentrono. Este trabajo describe la incidencia de los servicios ofrecidos por las entidades de apoyo a la creación de empresas en la ciudad de Sincelejo, determinando el número de unidades productivas, el nivel de inversión y el sector de la economía, entre  los años 2010 y 2011. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio–descriptivo, tomando de manera intencional como población objeto la base de proyectos financiados por el fondo emprender que se hubiesen gestionado a través de las unidades de emprendimiento de la Universidad de Sucre, CECAR, la Corporación Incubadora de Empresas   de Sucre y  el Centro de la Innovación, la Tecnología y los Servicios del Sena regional Sucre. Los resultados mostraron  que en la ciudad de Sincelejo se crearon, 8 empresas en el año 2010 y 4 en el año 2011 financiadas por el fondo emprender. El nivel de inversión canalizado fue de $524.785.000  para el año 2010 y de $323.502.400  para el año 2011. El sector de negocios más representativo, donde se crearon  estas  empresas,  fue el sector de agricultura, ganadería, caza y silvicultura. La incidencia en términos relativos se cuantifica con el 0,65% para el 2010 y el 0,41% para el 2011, siendo la unidad de emprendimiento del Sena seccional Sucre la de mayor capacidad de gestión.
La memoria como derecho humano en Argentina: una reconstrucción desde la teoría crítica
Authors: Escalante Lucía S.
Published: October 2021

Para la teoría crítica de los derechos humanos, la memoria se ha convertido en un instrumento eficaz y necesario para visibilizar a las víctimas y condenar una parte de nuestra historia. La importancia de la memoria como derecho humano recae en su doble dimensión, actúa como reparación de las víctimas y sus familiares evitando el olvido que se traduce en impunidad, y como garantía de no repetición, ya que promueve la creación de una conciencia o memoria colectiva en aquellos países que transitan periodos de justicia transicional.

Sin embargo, el derecho humano a la memoria no ha sido reconocido explícitamente por la normativa y jurisprudencia internacional y nacional, como sí lo fue el derecho a la verdad íntimamente relacionado con el primero como se expone a lo largo del texto. En este trabajo se realizará una aproximación a su reconstrucción desde la teoría crítica asumida y, se indagarán las políticas públicas adoptadas en Argentina que permitan concluir el estado de reconocimiento del derecho a la memoria en el país. La metodología utilizada consiste en el análisis documental del material bibliográfico y normativo pertinente que permita definir conceptos y parámetros mediante el análisis de textos.
obstáculos para manutenção da rescisão do contrato individual de trabalho por justa causa
Authors: Gonçalves Juliani Pontes , Maciel Juliana
Published: October 2021

A justa causa é uma das modalidades de rescisão, do contrato individual de trabalho, aplicadas nos casos em que houver uma infração contratual, praticada pelo empregado, seja ela por ação ou omissão, revestida de gravidade e que torne insustentável a relação de trabalho. As hipóteses para o cabimento desta modalidade de rescisão contratual têm previsão legal na CLT, por meio de rol taxativo, nos moldes do artigo 482 da CLT. Tendo em vista que a lei traz um rol taxativo, porém de ampla interpretação, abrindo margem para subjetividade na análise judiciária, pesquisa-se sobre as dificuldades para manutenção da rescisão por justa causa, quando o caso concreto chega à análise do Poder Judiciário. O presente artigo tem por objetivo principal auxiliar empresários, acadêmicos e profissionais da área do direito do trabalho, a obterem uma melhor compreensão acerca das decisões jurídicas do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 12ª Região, sobre as rescisões dos contratos de trabalho com justa causa. Quanto a metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa, é a descritiva, com ênfase no estudo bibliográfico e jurisprudencial. Faz-se um breve apanhado do contexto histórico, seguido pelas questões pertinentes ao contrato individual de trabalho. Podemos concluir que a empresa deve estar segura que estejam presentes todos os requisitos antes de aplicar a justa causa, para não correr o risco de ensejar na reversão da justa causa, conforme examinado nos julgados.