bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION OF LUCS
Authors: XIONG SHI-JIE  , CAI JIAN-HUA  ,   南京大学固体物理研究所
Published: November 2020

Layered Ultrathin Coherent Structures (LUCS) made up of transition metals Nb and Ti exhibit peculiar electrical conduction properties, which reflect the energy band charateri-stics of these artificial superlattices such that there is a transition from metallic to semiconducting or semi-metallic properties with decreasing superlattice period. Owing to the supe-rlattice modulation, there are two catagories of electronic states in LUCS: extended states and strongly localized states in the direction of modulation. Electrons in these two kinds of states have very different effective masses along the modulation direction. We have considered separately the contributions of the two kinds of electronic states, and have obtained the resistivity and its temperature coefficient which show variations with the inverse superlattice period in accordance with measurements.
A STUDY OF TRANSIENT CAPACITANCE OF GOLD ACCEPTOR ENERGY LEVEL IN SILICON UNDER UNIAXIAL STRESS
Authors: YAO XIU-CHEN  , QIN GUO-GANG  , ZENG SHU-RONG  , YUAN MIN-HUA  ,   北京大学物理系
Published: November 2020

Using the method of transient capacitance at constant temperature, the shift of gold acceptor energy level in silicon under 〈100〉,〈110〉,〈111〉 uniaxial press has been studied. Considering the split of conduction band caused by uniaxial stress, a formula for electron emission rate from deep center to conduction band has been derived. With this formula and experimental data of emission rate and reported tangential deformation potential constant Ξu ,the active energy of gold acceptor under various uniaxial stress has been determined. In the range of experimental stress (0-9 kbar), a linear dependence of active energy on stress has been found. When uniaxial presses are parallel to 〈110〉,〈111〉 crystal orientations, the proportionality constants are α=-3.2±0.6 meV/kbar, α=-0.3±0.6 meV/kbar respectively. When uniaxial press is parallel to 〈100〉 crystal orientation and if we take Ξu = 9.2 eV, α= -5.8± 0.8 meV/kbar, or if Ξu =11.4 eV, α=-5.3± 0.8 meV/kbar. The changes of active energy are strongly anis-otropic. Further more, we have determined the shift coefficients of gold acceptor level in the presence of uniaxial stress relative to the bottom of conduction band in the absence of uniaxial stress. When Ξu=9.2 eV, the coefficients are S=-1.3±0.8 meV/kbar, S=0.7±0.6 meV/kbar, S=-0.7±0.6 meV/kbar respectively, when Ξu=11.4 eV, the values are S= - 3.5± 0.8 meV/kbar, S = 0.0±0.6 meV/kbar, S=- 1.0±0.6 meV/kbar. Deviations among three coefficients of each group are larger than uncertainty of experiments. Thus, the possibility that gold centers in silicon have cubic symmetry and at the same time both negatively charged and neutral gold centers have nondegenerate basic states is quite small.
SPECIFIC HEAT MEASUREMENT FOR Ti-Pd ALLOYS
Authors: JIN DUO  , MA MING-RONG  , LIU ZHI-YI  , NI YONG-MING  , JIN ZUO-WEN  , LUO QI-GUANG  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The specific heats of Ti-Pd alloys have been measured between 1-6 K, and the electronic specific heat coefficients γ of samples Ti0.92Pd0.08 and Ti0.8Pd0.2 are found to be 5.89 mJ/mol·K2 and 4.78mJ/mol·K2 respectively, which are obviously higher than 3.32mJ/mol·K2 of pure Ti. Therefore, the densities of states at Fermi surface for these alloys are higher than that of pure Ti, this is the reason why the alloys have much higher superconductive transition temperature Tc than pure Ti.
SPIN WAVES IN MAGNETIC METALLIC SUPERLATTICES
Authors: MA HONG-RU  , CAI JIAN-HUA  ,   南京大学固体物理研究所
Published: November 2020

We study here, in terms of a simple model, the spin waves, magnetic phases, and respo-nces to alternating fields of magnetic metallic superlatticcs.
SOFT X-RAY EMISSION AND ITS FLUCTUATION IN CT-6B TOKAMAK
Authors: QI XIA-ZHI  , ZHENG SHAO-BAI  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

Soft X-ray diagnosis is a important method in the research of tokamak plasma instability. In this paper, we give the result of soft X-ray measurment in CT-6B tokamak by using Au(Si) surface barrier detector array, and present the spatial distributions of sofr X-ray emission for various plasma instability in our device.
MEASURING ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RADIATION FROM PLASMAS BY MEANS OF CONFOCAL RESONANTOR
Authors: WANG ZHAO-SHEN  , WANG YA-MIN  ,   中国科学院离子体物理研究所
Published: November 2020

A method of measuring the electron cyclotron radiation from plasmas by using confocal resonant cavity and sweep frequency receiver is proposed. A radiation spectrum expression for a uniform plasma slab in the confocal resonant cavity has been derived. The analysis shows this method can independently measure TOKAMAK's electron temperature and its radial distribution. Furthermore, as a quasi-optical receiving system, it possesses high spatial resolution power.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSVERSE ZEEMAN LASER
Authors: BA EN-XU  , YANG XING-YU  , SHEN SHOU-CHUN  ,   南开大学物理系
Published: November 2020

By using Lamb's theory, the concrete calculations for the amplitude and frequency-deter mining equations of laser field with arbitrary J values (total angular momentum of energy level) in the transverse magnetic field are made, the analytical expressions of the first- and third-order coefficients with arbitrary J values and J=1→2 are obtained. As a concrete applicable example, the beat frequency tuning curve of 6328? He-Ne20 transverse Zeeman laser is successfully explained.
ON THE FORM FACTOR OF RADIATION SCATTERING IN A BI-MAXWELLIAN PLASMA
Authors: QIN YUN-WEN  ,   中国西南物理研究所
Published: November 2020

In a recent paper, the form factor of radiation scattering in a bi-maxwellian plasma had been calculated, distinguishing the case T⊥≥T∥ form the case T⊥≤T∥ . It had led to different analytic expressions for the form factor in these two cases respectively. The present note shows that it is not necessary to differentiate the cases T⊥≥T∥ and T⊥≤T∥, and the common analytic expression for the form factor can be obtained with better accuracy.
STATISTICAL THEORY OF DEFECTS AND INPURITIES IN AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTORS
Authors: CHEN GUANG-HUA  , LIU HUI-CHUN  ,   兰州大学物理系
Published: November 2020

This article discusses doping effects in amorphous semiconductors, especially the properties at low temperatures, using the method of statistical physics. With approximation of single dangling bond, the positions of Fermi level and the electron densities have been calculated for two groups of amorphous semiconductors.
DISCUSSION ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING CRITICAL TEMPERATURE IN A N-S MULTI-FILM STRUCTURE
Authors: GONG CHANG-DE  , XING DING-YU  , LIU MIE  ,   (1)南京大学固体物理研究所; (2)南京工学院理化系
Published: November 2020

The McMillan tunneling model has been generalized and applied to a N-S multi-film structure with thickness of each film smaller than the superconducting coherent length. The order parameters and superconducting critical temperature of the structure are calculated, and the possibilities of enhancing Tc by modifying the electron-phonon coupling and contaminating with different atom in the interface regions are also discussed.
Joint Cruise 1-2 2018
Authors: Ingvaldsen Randi , Bluhm Bodil , Aberle-Malzahn Nicole , Amundsen Rita , Van Ardelan Murat , Bagøien Espen , Bratbak Gunnar , Bratrein Marius , Chierici Melissa , Descoteux Raphaelle , Dietrich Ulrike , Divine Dimitry , Ellingsen Pål Gunnar , Fransson Agneta , Halvorsen Elisabeth , Hoff Siv , Holm Else , Jentoft Sissel , Jones Elizabeth , Jørgensen Lis , Pedersen Ronald , Sanchez Nicolas , Skjoldal Evy , Stige Leif Christian , Stippkugel Angela , Seim Silje , Supraha Luka , Steinsland Asgeir , Svensen Camilla , Vader Anna , Vieweg Ireen , Vonnahame Tobias , Åström Emmelie
Published: November 2020

Joint Cruise 1-2 with R/V Kronprins Haakon addressed objectives of RF1, RF2 and RF3 on the Nansen Legacy main transect in open water and within the sea ice. The focus was on comparing the state of the physical, chemical and biological conditions in the southern and northern parts of the study area. Given this was the first research cruise on the vessel, the cruise also focused on testing gear and equipment, and establishing routines for gear deployments, collaboration, data management and storing.
Best practices for ecological model evaluation I
Authors: Planque Benjamin , Carroll JoLynn , Fransner Filippa , Hansen Cecilie , Husson Bérengère , Keenlyside Noel , Lindstrøm Ulf , Pedersen Torstein , Primicerio Raul , Sivel Elliot , Skogen Morten , Stige Leif Christian , Yoccoz Nigel
Published: November 2020

The Nansen Legacy workshop on best practices for ecological model evaluation, chaired by Benjamin Planque (IMR) was held in Tromsø on the 6-7th November 2018. The objective of the workshop was to develop recommendations for best practice in evaluation of the performance of food-web simulation models (deliverable 4-4.1.1 of the Nansen Legacy project).
The Rite of Male Circumcision among the Muslim Population in the Western Balkans
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera), Novik Alexander ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Russia
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the rite of circumcision among the Muslims in the Western Balkans, one of the most widespread ritual practices, held with some variations mostly at the age of 3 to 7. The tradition that never gets explicitly brought up in the sacred text of the Quran has become practically mandatory. Among the rites of passage, circumcision is considered by Muslims a significant act, as it symbolizes the transition from the status of a child to the status of an adult who has all the rights of a “full-fledged” man. In the Balkan Muslim community, an uncircumcised man is regarded as an exception to the rule. In the second half of the twentieth century, the technical side of the rite was radically changed, but it has not affected its sacred and traditional elements. Nowadays, in its origins, its religious roots, its folk depictions and its place in the relations between “us” and “them”, the circumcision ceremony is a rite of initiation and is one of the most remarkable ritual practices that demonstrates committal to Islam. The article is mainly based on the actual field data gathered by the author in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and other countries of the region during the last three decades.
Child in the Natal Narratives of Modern Ukrainian Mothers: Folkloric Symbols and Frequent Motifs
Authors:   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine, Labashchuk Oksana , Derkach Halyna , Reshetukha Tetiana
Published: November 2020

The article focuses on the manner natal narratives accumulate and transmit prevailing traditional ideas about motherhood and the baby in modern society. It lists and exemplifies the major motifs that are typical of oral tradition of the Ukrainians, Slavs, and other peoples. This research is based on stories of more than 500 women about personal experience of pregnancy and childbirth, which were recorded using the narrative interview method. The thick description method (Clifford Geertz 1973) has been applied for material interpretation. The authors analyse animal–child symbolism in the narration of pregnancy, the accents on weather and time while telling about the moment of birth, and the manifestation of each child’s uniqueness in the mother’s interpretation.
Adherence to Treatment in First Episode Psychosis: Acceptance, Refusal, or Ambivalent Process?
Authors: Artaud Laurence , Abdel-Baki Amal , Nolin Marie , Rousseau Cécile
Published: November 2020

Drawing from the perspectives of 18 youth (characterized as adherent, ambivalent, nonadherent), 13 relatives and 8 clinicians, this qualitative study, using semi-structured individual interviews and a focus group, explores why individuals suffering from early psychosis accept or refuse treatment. Identity and relationships, understanding of the diagnosis and significance given to treatment are key themes. Varying degrees of ambivalence and nonadherence can be seen as normal stages of a process to rebuild their sense of self and construct their identity. A trusting relationship may facilitate gradual resolution of ambivalence, promoting the individuals’ sense of ownership and empowerment in the context of treatment.
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Social Stories Purpose and Utility
Authors: Riga Asimina , Ioannidi Vasiliki , Papayiannis Nikolaos
Published: November 2020

This paper is a brief overview of the use of Social Stories (SS) as a strategy to support students in attaining communicative skills. More specifically, it presents the general purpose as well as the positive results after integrating story-telling methods into the learning and teaching process for children within the autism spectrum; this is so because they typically manifest serious weaknesses with respect to social and communicative skills. Additionally, this study refers to the beneficial prospects of creating SS through digital media as they arouse children’s interest in the subject matter and do reinforce their creativity in developing a variety of life skills. Finally, some enlightening examples of digitally integrated SS are presented within the Greek educational setting especially nowadays in connection with the Covid pandemic. Any educator can actually benefit from reading this paper and, more particularly, those educators who instruct students identified with autism spectrum disorder or any other developmental disability.
Dermatoglyphics of the Digits and Inter-digit Areas in Down Syndrome Patients of a Sampled Nigeria Population
Authors: Oghenemavwe Loveday Ese , Uche Doris Ada
Published: November 2020

This study was carried out to determine the possible differences between the dermatoglyphic characteristics of the digit and inter-digit areas of Down Syndrome (DS) patients and healthy Nigerians. The dermatoglyphic prints of the digit and inter-digit areas were obtained by using the improvise digital method. Parameters evaluated were the digit patterns, inter-digit patterns and single flexion crease of the fifth digit. Comparison of dermal patterns in DS patients and normal ones was done using Chi-square test at a significant level of P = .05. The result of the digit patterns showed that the total mean percentage frequency for arch, radial loop, ulnar loop and whorl were 5.28%, 0.34%, 75.94% and 18.45% in DS patients and 9.55%, 1.11%, 60.11% and 29.22% in normal subjects respectively. The distribution of dermal ridge differ significantly in digits I, II and III of the right hand and digits II and III of the left hand in patients and normal subjects at P = .05 level. Down syndrome patients had more of open fields in all the inter-digit areas except in inter-digit C. The difference in patterns between DS patients and normal subjects was significant in inter-digit C and D of the left hand only. One normal subject had single flexion crease compared to four in Down syndrome patients. The findings of the study could be used as supplementary diagnostic aid for Down syndrome.
A Review of COVID-19 Pandemic: Myths, Misconceptions, and Role of Media Education in Nigeria
Authors: Izekor E. D. , Okpuzor V. N. , Morka E. , Nnaji P. T.
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected Nigeria and many countries of the world in recent times. It has introduced some level of new concepts and social phenomena in many countries. The interference of myths and misconceptions in the mitigation of the epidemics in Nigeria calls for attention. Many Nigerians harbor some level of myth or misconceptions about COVID-19. Lack of confidence in the integrity of government, security agents, health officers among many other factors is the popular opinion that has contributed to the spread of misconceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic by many Nigerians. The mass media through programs, activities, campaigns, information dissemination etc, educates and detect to the society what is important. There is need for synergism between the private, public, local and international organization for the masses to receive the proper education that will debunk the harmful myths and misconceptions among many Nigerians.
Constraints in the Production and Marketing of Cabbage in Khandwa District of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Rathod B. S. , Narvariya R. K. , Shrivastava A.
Published: November 2020

Cabbage is one of the most popular winter vegetables grown in India. It is cultivated in 0.245 million hectares with the total production of 5.617 million metric tonnes and average productivity of 22.9 metric tonnes/hectare. Cabbage is used as salad, boiled vegetable and dehydrated vegetable as well as in cooked curries and pickles. A multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted for data collection. The study was conducted in block Pandhana district of Khandwa (M.P.) where cabbage is an important cash crop. observed constraints in production of cabbage, High cost of quality seed (86.66%), Lack of labour (78.33%), Costly and irregular supply of electricity (75%), Costly irrigation due to higher electricity charges (73.33%), Lack of knowledge about insect, pest and diseases (63.33%), Lack of capital (60%), Costly equipments (51.67%), Lack of knowledge about seed treatment (41.66%) and High wages of labour charge (30%) were the major constraints reported and the proper correction, amendment or allocation requires to be observed as indicated in resource use productivity analysis, per hectare higher returns of cabbage as well as higher return ratio over per rupee invested cost shows better prospect for area expansion and production of cabbage cultivation.
An Insight into Digital Education in India during COVID-19 from the Lens of Students
Authors: Devi G. Padmini , Sornapudi Sirisha Deepthi
Published: November 2020

Aim: To identify infrastructure facilities used by the students for digital education as well as to find out the significant difference in knowledge and skills of various online tools before and after lockdown.

Study Design:  Exploratory design.

Place and Duration of Study: Students from the government, aided colleges, and state agriculture universities in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were administered the questionnaire in May 2020.

Methodology: A total of 315 students (age range under 20-40 years) actively participating in online classes were chosen.

Results: The majority of the students possessed mobile phones even before lockdown and used them for digital learning. Students reported an increase in the amount spent on internet connectivity per month (50%), increased usage of data (70%), and increased recharge amount (46%). Since the overall mobile data usage of the students has greatly increased, consequently the amount spent on the internet also has increased after lockdown. Although most students (90.48%) were aware of online education, only 30.79% were enrolled in online classes before lockdown. Three fourth of the students were using smartphones for accessing online classes and more than fifty per cent of the students were spending two to three hours per day in the digital learning process. When it came to knowledge up-gradation, 48.89% of the students have not made use of any e-learning platform, only 21.27% used the Swayam e-learning portal, and 12.06% used UGC MOOCs. During the lockdown, students were actively participating in the online classes, which could be gleaned from their knowledge of various apps. There was a significant difference in the students’ usage of various applications before and after lockdown. There exists a significant difference between students’ knowledge of usage of apps, data, the amount spent, and time spent in the digital learning process during Covid-19. Students who were active in the online classes inadvertently consumed more amounts of mobile data, which gave them continuous network coverage enabling them to finish assignments, attend webinars, and in turn improved their knowledge.

Conclusion: Despite hardships, the students were actively engaged in digital learning during the lockdown period imposed due to Covid-19 by adapting to the new normal mode of online education.
Assessment of Some Heavy Metals and Physico-Chemical Parameters of Surface Water of Matara-Uku Wetlands
Authors: Haruna Abbas Umar , Muhammad Yahaya Abdullahi , Muhammad Zaharaddeen , Ahmad Misbahu Said , Goje Fatima Abdullahi , Ibrahim Musbahu
Published: November 2020

The study assessed the levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and some heavy metals in Matara-Uku wetland. Twenty water samples were collected from surface water of Matara-Uku using polyethene plastic container, the physicochemical parameters of the samples were measured and the samples were analyzed for Nitrogen, Phosphorous and heavy metals. Results from physicochemical analysis are obtained as; pH (7.6 – 8.0), total dissolve solid (70.82 - 84.26 mg/l), electric conductivity (105.0 – 163.0 μs/cm) and temperature (24.4 – 25.4ºC). All the results are in line with World Health Organization standard of 6.5 - 8.5, <600 mg/l, 400 μs/cm and ambient temperature respectively.  The Nitrogen and phosphorous were analyzed using UV- Visible spectrophotometer. From the results, it was found that all the samples had Nitrogen level below the World Health Organization maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L with a mean concentration range (0.2293 ± 0.0057) mg/L to (2.2455 ± 0.0216) mg/L. Phosphorus was also analyzed and the results indicated that all the sampling sites had phosphorus level above the WHO maximum contaminant level of 0.03 mg/L with a mean concentration range (3.8208 ± 0.4109) mg/L to (4.56 ± 0.1325) mg/L. The water samples were digested using concentrated HCl and HNO3, in which the digested samples were used for heavy metals analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentrations of the heavy metals analyzed were between the ranges Pb (0.1272 ± 0.0445) mg/L to (0.2727 ± 0.1285) mg/L, Cd (0.0026 ± 0.0024) mg/L to (0.0053 ± 0.0054) mg/L and Ni (0.0705 ± 0.0235) mg/L to (0.1411 ± 0.0819) mg/L respectively. Concentrations of Cd and Ni are generally below the maximum permissible limit of 0.03 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, whereas concentrations of Pb exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 0.01 mg/L for surface water. It was concluded that the surface water of Matara-Uku is polluted with respect to Pb, which is known to bio-accumulate and even undergo bio-magnification in organisms such as fishes and even plants with serious health implications to human being.
Effects of Justicia carnea Leave on Hematological Parameters in Albino Mice Carried Out in Mbingo Annex Hospital Laboratory in Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Nji Asakizi Augustine , Chrysanthus Nchang , Monyongo Ngombe David
Published: November 2020

This study is design to ascertain the hematological status in albino mice treated with Justicia carnea leave, which could aid in the treatment of anemia. The hematological parameters investigated include Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Platelets (PLTS), Hemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Pack Cell Volume (PCV) and White Blood Cells (WBCs). Nine (9) male albino mice of approximately the same weight 300 g were grouped into 3 groups that’s Negative Control (NC) Positive Control (PC) and Test Control (TC), each made up of 3 mice. Negative control mice were given normal feed moisten with water,  Positive control received diluted iron folate with normal feed, finally Test control mice were  administered powdered leaves of Justicia carnea with normal feed for 7 days, after which blood samples were collected using EDTA tubes by exsanguination and run for hematological parameters using auto-hematological analyzer. The results of various groups were found to be; as there was a significant increase in RBCs, Hb, & PCV (P=0.05), between the groups. No significant change was observed on the MCV, MCH, and MCHC. Lymphocytosis was observed in all groups with mark difference in granulocytosis. TC had granulocytosis, NC showed normal granulocyte scores and the PC show granulocytopenia with a statistical difference of P=0.0017. A significant difference was seen in platelets between the groups P=0.02. This study shows that J. carnea leaves possess anti-anemic potential, lending credence to the use of these plant leaves in folk medicine for the management of hemolytic anemia would be helpful. Further research on the various phytochemicals of the plant should be done and also its toxicological aspects.
Maternal Near Miss in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Patil Sanjay Kumar , Bahulakar Ashitosh , Vhawal S. S. , Ragunath Guvari , Jadhav Sanjay M.
Published: November 2020

A hospital-based observational study was performed with 250 patients to assess the incidence of near-miss maternal related to extreme obstetric problems or maternal disease and near-miss mortality level institutional maternal. A majority of patients were from middle class (78%) followed by lower class (12%) and upper class (10%). Hypertension in pregnancy was diagnosed in 40% patients, while 12% and 6% patients had diabetes mellitus and cardiac diseases respectively. The gestational age at delivery was between 37-41 weeks in 64%, followed by 36% delivering before 37 weeks. The live birth rate was 68% while fresh still birth and macerated still birth was 22% and 10% respectively.
Neonatal Outcome in Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Porwal Narendra P. , Potdar Danesh B. , Kanvikar Rashmi , Ingle Suryakant Y.
Published: November 2020

Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is a commonly studied topic in neonatal outcomes. Meconium was commonly thought a precursor to eventual or active fetal death, although, some scholars do not consider this to be connected with foetal hypoxia, fetal acidosis, or trauma. Purpose of the study was to identify various maternal risk factors leading to meconium staining of amniotic fluid. The study was conducted in KIMSDU, Karad for a duration of 18 months. In this study the neonates with meconium stained amniotic fluids were classified into two groups based on type of staining (thin-MSAF and thick-MSAF). Most of the babies with MSAF had birth weight between 2.6-3.5 kg (64.65%) followed by 1.6-2.6 kg (25.57%) and then ≥3.6 kg (9.78%). Number of babies requiring newborn intensive care unit (NICU) admission were 66 in case of thick meconium and 42 in case of thin meconium. In this study the overall neonatal mortality was 0.86% among MSAF cases. Among MAS cases, mortality was 25.87%. The study outcomes were statistically correlated using Chi-square test to validate the significance of the results.
All‐Dielectric Nanostructure Fabry–Pérot‐Enhanced Mie Resonances Coupled with Photogain Modulation toward Ultrasensitive In2S3 Photodetector
Authors: Lu Jianting , Yan Jiahao , Yao Jiandong , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Mao Bijun , Zhao Yu , Li Jingbo
Published: November 2020

As the fresh blood of 2D family, non‐layered 2D materials (2DNLMs) have demonstrated great potential in the application of next‐generation optoelectronic devices. However, stemming from the weak light absorption brought by atomically thin thickness and the interfacial recombination brought by surface dangling bonds, traditional 2DNLM photodetectors are always accompanied by limited performance. Herein, a structure that integrates Si nanopillar array and non‐layered 2D In2S3 to construct an ultrasensitive photodetector is designed. In particular, periodically Si nanopillars can act as Fabry–Pérot‐enhanced Mie resonators that can effectively control and enhance the light absorption of 2D In2S3. On the other hand, a vertical built‐in electric field is introduced in the In2S3 channel to capture photogenerated holes and leave electrons recycling in In2S3, obtaining a high photogain. Benefiting from these two mechanisms, this proposed photodetector presents a high responsivity of 4812 A W−1 and short rise/decay time of 5.2/4.0 ms at the wavelength of 405 nm. Especially, a high light on–off ratio greater than 106 and a record‐high detectivity of 5.4 × 1015 Jones are achieved, representing one of the most sensitive photodetectors based on 2D materials. This deliberate device design concept suggests an effective scheme to construct high‐performance 2DNLM optoelectronic devices.
Sec‐Eliminating the SARS‐CoV‐2 by AlGaN Based High Power Deep Ultraviolet Light Source
Authors: Liu Shangfeng , Luo Wei , Li Dan , Yuan Ye , Tong Wei , Kang Junjie , Wang Yixin , Li Duo , Rong Xin , Wang Tao , Chen Zhaoying , Li Yongde , Wang Houjin , Wang Weiyun , Hoo Jason , Yan Long , Guo Shiping , Shen Bo , Cong Zhe , Wang Xinqiang
Published: November 2020

The world‐wide spreading of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has greatly shaken human society, thus effective and fast‐speed methods of non‐daily‐life‐disturbance sterilization have become extremely significant. In this work, by fully benefitting from high‐quality AlN template (with threading dislocation density as low as ≈6×108 cm−2) as well as outstanding deep ultraviolet (UVC‐less than 280 nm) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) structure design and epitaxy optimization, high power UVC LEDs and ultra‐high‐power sterilization irradiation source are achieved. Moreover, for the first time, a result in which a fast and complete elimination of SARS‐CoV‐2 (the virus causes COVID‐19) within only 1 s is achieved by the nearly whole industry‐chain‐covered product. These results advance the promising potential in UVC‐LED disinfection particularly in the shadow of COVID‐19.
Ultra‐Low Dark Current Organic–Inorganic Hybrid X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Nanayakkara M. Prabodhi A. , Matjačić Lidija , Wood Sebastian , Richheimer Filipe , Castro Fernando A. , Jenatsch Sandra , Züfle Simon , Kilbride Rachel , Parnell Andrew J. , Masteghin Mateus G. , Thirimanne Hashini M. , Nisbet Andrew , Jayawardena K. D. G. Imalka , Silva S. Ravi P.
Published: November 2020

Organic‐inorganic hybrid semiconductors are an emerging class of materials for direct conversion X‐ray detection due to attractive characteristics such as high sensitivity and the potential to form conformal detectors. However, existing hybrid semiconductor X‐ray detectors display dark currents that are 1000–10 000× higher than industrially relevant values of 1–10 pA mm−2. Herein, ultra‐low dark currents of <10 pA mm−2, under electric fields as high as ≈4 V µm−1, for hybrid X‐ray detectors consisting of bismuth oxide nanoparticles (for enhanced X‐ray attenuation) incorporated into an organic bulk heterojunction consisting of p‐type Poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) and n‐type [6,6]‐Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) are reported. Such ultra‐low dark currents are realized through the enrichment of the hole selective p‐type organic semiconductor near the anode contact. The resulting detectors demonstrate broadband X‐ray response including an exceptionally high sensitivity of ≈1.5 mC Gy−1 cm−2 and <6% variation in angular dependence response under 6 MV hard X‐rays. The above characteristics in combination with excellent dose linearity, dose rate linearity, and reproducibility over a broad energy range enable these detectors to be developed for medical and industrial applications.
Nanotools for Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Papafilippou Lana , Claxton Andrew , Dark Paul , Kostarelos Kostas , Hadjidemetriou Marilena
Published: November 2020

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with high mortality rates and a pathological complexity hindering early and accurate diagnosis. Today, laboratory culture tests are the epitome of pathogen recognition in sepsis. However, their consistency remains an issue of controversy with false negative results often observed. Clinically used blood markers, C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are indicators of an acute‐phase response and thus lack specificity, offering limited diagnostic efficacy. In addition to poor diagnosis, inefficient drug delivery and the increasing prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms constitute significant barriers in antibiotic stewardship and impede effective therapy. These challenges have prompted the exploration for alternative strategies that pursue accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Nanomaterials are examined for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in sepsis. The nanoparticle (NP)‐enabled capture of sepsis causative agents and/or sepsis biomarkers in biofluids can revolutionize sepsis diagnosis. From the therapeutic point of view, currently existing nanoscale drug delivery systems have proven to be excellent allies in targeted therapy, while many other nanotherapeutic applications are envisioned. Herein, the most relevant applications of nanomedicine for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of sepsis is reviewed, providing a critical assessment of their potentiality for clinical translation.
Impact of Individual Structural Defects in GaAs Solar Cells: A Correlative and In Operando Investigation of Signatures, Structures, and Effects
Authors: Chen Qiong , McKeon Brandon S. , Zhang Sunny Y. , Zhang Fan , Hu Changkui , Gfroerer Timothy H. , Wanlass Mark W. , Smith David J. , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2020

Defects usually degrade device performance. Thus, many techniques and effort are devoted to studying semiconductor defects. However, it is rarely known: i) how individual defects affect device performance; ii) how the impact depends on the device operating conditions; iii) how the impact varies from one defect to another; and iv) how these variations are correlated to the microscopic‐scale defect structure. To address these crucial questions, an array of correlative and spatially resolved techniques, including electroluminescence, photoluminescence, Raman, I–V characteristics, and high‐resolution electron microscopy, are used to characterize dislocation defects in GaAs solar cells. Significantly, the study is carried out in a series mode and in operando. This approach provides quantitative and definitive correlation between the atomistic structure of defects and their explicit effects on device performance, thus giving unprecedented insight into defect physics.
Biofabrication of Nanocellulose–Mycelium Hybrid Materials
Authors: Attias Noam , Reid Michael , Mijowska Sylwia Carolina , Dobryden Illia , Isaksson Marcus , Pokroy Boaz , Grobman Yasha J. , Abitbol Tiffany
Published: November 2020

Healthy material alternatives based on renewable resources and sustainable technologies have the potential to disrupt the environmentally damaging production and consumption practices established throughout the modern industrial era. In this study, a mycelium–nanocellulose biocomposite with hybrid properties is produced by the agitated liquid culture of a white‐rot fungus (Trametes ochracea) with nanocellulose (NC) comprised as part of the culture media. Mycelial development proceeds via the formation of pellets, where NC is enriched in the pellets and depleted from the surrounding liquid media. Micrometer‐scale NC elements become engulfed in mycelium, whereas it is hypothesized that the nanometer‐scale fraction becomes integrated within the hyphal cell wall, such that all NC in the system is essentially surface‐modified by mycelium. The NC confers mechanical strength to films processed from the biocomposite, whereas the mycelium screens typical cellulose–water interactions, giving fibrous slurries that dewater faster and films that exhibit significantly improved wet resistance in comparison to pure NC films. The mycelium–nanocellulose biocomposites are processable in the ways familiar to papermaking and are suggested for diverse applications, including packaging, filtration, and hygiene products.
Partial‐Single‐Atom, Partial‐Nanoparticle Composites Enhance Water Dissociation for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hu Chun , Song Erhong , Wang Maoyu , Chen Wei , Huang Fuqiang , Feng Zhenxing , Liu Jianjun , Wang Jiacheng
Published: November 2020

The development of an efficient electrocatalyst toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of significant importance in transforming renewable electricity to pure and clean hydrogen by water splitting. However, the construction of an active electrocatalyst with multiple sites that can promote the dissociation of water molecules still remains a great challenge. Herein, a partial‐single‐atom, partial‐nanoparticle composite consisting of nanosized ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles (NPs) and individual Ru atoms as an energy‐efficient HER catalyst in alkaline medium is reported. The formation of this unique composite mainly results from the dispersion of Ru NPs to small‐size NPs and single atoms (SAs) on the Fe/N codoped carbon (Fe–N–C) substrate due to the thermodynamic stability. The optimal catalyst exhibits an outstanding HER activity with an ultralow overpotential (9 mV) at 10 mA cm−2 (η10), a high turnover frequency (8.9 H2 s−1 at 50 mV overpotential), and nearly 100% Faraday efficiency, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C and other reported HER electrocatalysts in alkaline condition. Both experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the coexistence of Ru NPs and SAs can improve the hydride coupling and water dissociation kinetics, thus synergistically enhancing alkaline hydrogen evolution performance.
Gene‐specific facial dysmorphism in Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome caused by FOXC1 and PITX2 variants
Authors: Souzeau Emmanuelle , Siggs Owen M. , Pasutto Francesca , Knight Lachlan S. W. , Perez‐Jurado Luis A. , McGregor Lesley , Le Blanc Shannon , Barnett Christopher P. , Liebelt Jan , Craig Jamie E.
Published: November 2020

Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by ocular and systemic features and is most commonly caused by variants in the FOXC1 or PITX2 genes. Facial dysmorphism is part of the syndrome but the differences between both genes have never been systematically assessed. Here, 11 facial traits commonly reported in Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome were assessed by five clinical geneticists blinded to the molecular diagnosis. Individuals were drawn from the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma in Australia or recruited through the Genetic and Ophthalmology Unit of l'Azienda Socio‐Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda in Italy. Thirty‐four individuals from 18 families were included. FOXC1 variants were present in 64.7% of individuals and PITX2 variants in 35.3% of individuals. A thin upper lip (55.9%) and a prominent forehead (41.2%) were common facial features shared between both genes. Hypertelorism/telecanthus (81.8% vs 25.0%, p = 0.002) and low‐set ears (31.8% vs 0.0%, p = 0.036) were significantly more prevalent in individuals with FOXC1 variants compared with PITX2 variants. These findings may assist clinicians in reaching correct clinical and molecular diagnoses, and providing appropriate genetic counseling.
Craniofacial phenotypes associated with Robinow syndrome
Authors: Conlon Christopher J. , Abu‐Ghname Amjed , Raghuram Anjali C. , Davis Matthew J. , Guillen Diana E. , Sutton V. Reid , Carvalho Claudia M. B. , Maricevich Renata S.
Published: November 2020

Robinow syndrome is characterized by mesomelic limb shortening, hemivertebrae, and genital hypoplasia. Due to low prevalence and considerable phenotypic variability, it has been challenging to definitively characterize features of Robinow syndrome. While craniofacial abnormalities associated with Robinow syndrome have been broadly described, there is a lack of detailed descriptions of genotype‐specific phenotypic craniofacial features. Patients with Robinow syndrome were invited for a multidisciplinary evaluation conducted by specialist physicians at our institution. A focused assessment of the craniofacial manifestations was performed by a single expert examiner using clinical examination and standard photographic images. A total of 13 patients with clinical and molecular diagnoses consistent with either dominant Robinow syndrome (DRS) or recessive Robinow syndrome (RRS) were evaluated. On craniofacial examination, gingival hyperplasia was nearly ubiquitous in all patients. Orbital hypertelorism, a short nose with anteverted and flared nares, a triangular mouth with a long philtrum, cleft palate, macrocephaly, and frontal bossing were not observed in all individuals but affected individuals with both DRS and RRS. Other anomalies were more selective in their distribution in this patient cohort. We present a comprehensive analysis of the craniofacial findings in patients with Robinow Syndrome, describing associated morphological features and correlating phenotypic manifestations to underlying genotype in a manner relevant for early recognition and focused evaluation of these patients.
Chiral Bifunctional Sulfide‐Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Bromolactonizations of 4‐Pentenoic Acids
Authors: Nishiyori Ryuichi , Okada Megumi , Maynard John R. J. , Shirakawa Seiji
Published: November 2020

Despite extensive studies into the design of effective chiral catalysts for asymmetric halolactonizations, the development of highly enantioselective catalytic bromolactonization of 4‐aryl‐4‐pentenoic acids, which is one of the benchmark reactions, has not been completely satisfactory. Herein, we report the use of BINOL‐derived chiral bifunctional sulfide catalysts to achieve highly enantioselective bromolactonizations of 4‐aryl‐4‐pentenoic acids. The importance of the bifunctional design of chiral sulfide catalysts was clearly demonstrated in the present study. Furthermore, the present catalytic asymmetric reaction system could be applied to highly stereoselective desymmetrizing bromolactonizations.
Additive manufacturing of green composites: Poly (lactic acid) reinforced with keratin materials obtained from Angora rabbit hair
Authors: Flores‐Hernandez Cynthia Graciela , Velasco‐Santos Carlos , Rivera‐Armenta José Luis , Gomez‐Guzman Oscar , Yañez‐Limon José Martin , Olivas‐Armendariz Imelda , Lopez‐Barroso Juventino , Martinez‐Hernandez Ana Laura
Published: November 2020

In this research, additive manufacturing of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with keratin was studied. Keratin was obtained from Angora rabbit hair and modified with NaOH. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the modified surfaces were rougher than untreated surfaces. Furthermore, SEM images in the composites' fracture regions showed surface changes, associated with the nature of the reinforcement. Likewise, thermomechanical properties of the composites were attributed to the nature of the reinforcement and the type of keratin. Besides, the 3D printed composites showed higher thermal conductivity values than PLA with the addition of keratin. Cytotoxicity tests revealed an improvement in cell growth compared to the control and PLA. These results are meaningful toward the development of high thermal conductors and biocompatible composites with applications in different fields, where the use of only natural polymers is necessary.
Berberine promotes peri‐implant osteogenesis in diabetic rats by ROS‐mediated IRS‐1 pathway
Authors: Shao Jingjing , Liu Shibo , Zheng Xiao , Chen Jing , Li Lei , Zhu Zhimin
Published: November 2020

Accompanying with diabetes mellitus‐induced osteoporosis (DM‐OS), diabetic patients show poor peri‐implant osteogenesis after implantation for dentition defect. Berberine (BBR), a candidate oral hypoglycemic agent, is a promising agent for treating DM‐OS. In this study, BBR was applied on DM rats and high‐glucose‐cultured bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to investigate its therapeutic mechanism on DM‐OS, thus laying a theoretical basis for the future application of BBR in implant restoration. Phenotypes were assessed in the DM rats after 4 w of gavage with BBR. Furthermore, BMSCs were cultured with high glucose and BBR. Cell Counting Kit‐8, 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H2DCF‐DA), quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), and western blot were performed to estimate the cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the DM rats treated with BBR and insulin receptor substrate‐1 anti‐sense oligonucleotide (IRS‐1‐ASO) underwent a 4‐w implant‐healing period and then micro computed tomography (Micro‐CT) and histology were performed to verify the mechanism. Results showed that the 4‐w administration of BBR markedly improved the glucose metabolism and bone metabolism in the DM rats. in vitro experiments revealed that BBR alleviated high‐glucose‐inhibited osteogenesis of the BMSCs by upregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated IRS‐1 signaling. Besides, injection of IRS‐1‐ASO abolished the BBR promotion of implant osseointegration in the DM rats. In conclusion, targeting ROS‐mediated IRS‐1 signaling, BBR acted as an efficient agent to advance osseointegration in DM, which indicated that BBR use is a good strategy for future implants restoration in diabetic patients.
Construction of a disease‐specific lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network reveals potential regulatory axes and prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Qi , Sun Lin , Zhang Qiuju , Zhang Wei , Tian Wei , Liu Meina , Wang Yupeng
Published: November 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Exploration of the underlying mechanisms and effective prognostic indicators is conducive to clinical management and optimization of treatment. The RNA‐seq and clinical phenotype data of HCC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and differential expression analysis was performed. Then, a differential lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network was constructed, and the key genes were further identified and validated. By integrating this network with the online tool‐based ceRNA network, an HCC‐specific ceRNA network was obtained, and lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory axes were extracted. RNAs associated with prognosis were further obtained, and multivariate Cox regression models were established to identify the prognostic signature and nomogram. As a result, 198 DElncRNAs, 120 DEmiRNAs, and 2827 DEmRNAs were identified, and 30 key genes identified from the differential network were enriched in four cancer‐related pathways. Four HCC‐specific lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory axes were extracted, and SNHG11, CRNDE, MYLK‐AS1, E2F3, and CHEK1 were found to be related with HCC prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified a prognostic signature, comprised of CRNDE, MYLK‐AS1, and CHEK1, for overall survival (OS) of HCC. A nomogram comprising the prognostic signature and pathological stage was established and showed some net clinical benefits. The AUC of the prognostic signature and nomogram for 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival was 0.777 (0.657‐0.865), 0.722 (0.640‐0.848), and 0.630 (0.528‐0.823), and 0.751 (0.664‐0.870), 0.773 (0.707‐0.849), and 0.734 (0.638‐0.845), respectively. These results provided clues for the study of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC. In addition, the obtained 30 key genes and 4 regulatory axes might also help elucidate the underlying mechanism of HCC.