bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Maxilla-Mandible Oncoplastic Reconstruction: A 25 Patient Case Series
Authors: Burns Heather R. , Yim Nicholas H. , Hashemi Ammar S. A. , Upadhyaya Raghave M. , Montgomery Ashley , Dimachkieh Amy L. , Pederson William C. , Buchanan Edward P.
Published: August 2023

Objective:

We present a case series of 25 pediatric patients who underwent maxillary and mandibular oncoplastic reconstruction at a single institution. Further, we discussed the present review of the literature and underscored the unique considerations for the pediatric population.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of 25 pediatric oncoplastic patients undergoing maxillary and/or mandibular reconstruction was performed from March 2015 to January 2022.

Results:

Thirteen patients underwent maxillary reconstruction, and 12 patients underwent mandibular reconstruction. The mean age of the maxillary cohort was 10.2 years, and the mean age of the mandibular cohort was 9.8 years. The age range of patients followed was from 6 months to 18.8 years. All patients displayed satisfactory postoperative swallowing and facial symmetry at subsequent follow-up visits.

Conclusion:

Maxillary and mandibular reconstruction following oncologic resection requires special attention in the pediatric population because of the difficulty to predict bony growth of the mid and lower face, and the resultant effects on dentition and symmetry. Our case series demonstrates successful pediatric maxillomandibular reconstruction utilizing microvascular free tissue transfer and 3D virtual surgical planning.
Relationship between DNA methylation changes and skeletal muscle mass
Authors: Gim Jeong-An , Lee Sang-Yeob , Kim Seung Chan , Baek Kyung-Wan , Seo Sung Hyo , Yoo Jun-Il
Published: August 2023

Background

Sarcopenia is a disease diagnosed in the elderly. In patients with sarcopenia, the muscle mass decreases every year. The occurrence of sarcopenia is greatly affected by extrinsic factors such as eating habits, exercise, and lifestyle. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between muscle mass traits and genes affected by epigenetic factors with three different adjustment methods using Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KOGES) data.

Results

We conducted a demographic study and DNA methylation profiling by three studies according to the muscle mass index (MMI) adjustment methods: appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by body weight (MMI1); appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by square of height (MMI2); appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by BMI (MMI3). We analyzed differentially methylated regions (DMRs) for each group. We then restricted our subjects to be top 30% (T30) and bottom 30% (B30) based on each MMI adjustment method. Additionally, we performed enrichment analysis using PathfindR to evaluate the relationship between identified DMRs and sarcopenia. A total of 895 subjects were included in the demographic study. The values of BMI, waist, and hip showed a significant difference in all three groups. Among 446 participants, 44 subjects whose DNA methylation profiles were investigated were included for DNA methylation analysis. The results of enrichment analysis showed differences between groups. In the women group through MMI1 method, only the glutamatergic synapse pathway showed a significant result. In the men group through MMI2 method, the adherens junction pathway was the most significant. Women group through MMI2 method showed similar results, having an enriched Rap1 signaling pathway. In men group through MMI3 method, the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway was the most enriched. Particularly, the notch signaling pathway was significantly enriched in women group through MMI3 method.

Conclusion

This study presents results about which factor should be concerned first in muscle mass index (MMI) adjustment. The present study suggested that GAB2 and JPH3 in MMI1 method, HLA-DQB1 and TBCD in MMI2 method, GAB2, NDUFB4 and ISPD in MMI3 method are potential genes that can have an impact on muscle mass. It could enable future epigenetic studies of genes based on annotation results. The present study is a nationwide study in Korea with the largest size up to date that compares adjustment indices for MMI in epigenetic research.
Pre-treatment with Dazomet enhances the biocontrol efficacy of purpureocillium lilacinum to Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Nie Haizhen , Lv Binna , Sun Manhong , Zhong Zengming , Li Shidong
Published: August 2023

Background

Meloidogyne incognita greatly restricts the production of protected vegetables in China. Application of biocontrol agent Purpureocillium lilacinum is an important practice to control the nematode; however, instability usually occurs especially in heavily infested field. This study aimed to illustrate the high efficiency of P. lilacinum agent with fumigant Dazomet in vitro.

Results

P. lilacinum YES-2-14 showed strong parasitic and nematicidal activities to M. incognita. Pre-treatment with Dazomet significantly enhanced the biocontrol effects of the fungus. After fumigation with Dazomet at a dosage of 7.5 mg kg− 1 soil, parasitism of YES-2-14 on M. incognita eggs increased by more than 50%. Meanwhile, when P. lilacinum fermentation filtrate treated following Dazomet fumigation at 10 and 20 mg kg− 1 soil, the mortalities of second-stage juveniles (J2s) increased by 110.2% and 72.7%, respectively. Both Dazomet and P. lilacinum significantly reduced the penetration ability of J2s to tomato roots. When P. lilacinum filtrate used alone, the J2s penetrating into the young roots decreased by 48.8% at 4 dpi; while in the combined treatment, almost no J2 was detected within the roots at 4 dpi and the number of knots reduced by more than 99% at 45 dpi, indicating a synergistic effect of the biocontrol fungus and fumigant.

Conclusions

Pre-treatment with Dazomet greatly increased the biocontrol efficacy of P. lilacinum to M. incognita. This research provides insight into the efficient management of plant parasitic nematodes and effective use of biocontrol agents.
Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy combined with non-doppler hemorrhoidal artery ligation for the treatment of grade III/IV hemorrhoids: a single centre retrospective study
Authors: Long Qing , Wen Yong , Li Jun
Published: August 2023

Background

Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy (MMH) is the most widely used surgical procedure because of its precise curative effect, but it has the disadvantages such as obvious postoperative pain and bleeding. To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of MMH combined with non-Doppler hemorrhoidal artery ligation (MMH + ND-HAL) for the treatment of grade III/IV hemorrhoids.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 115 patients with grade III/IV hemorrhoids, 53 patients had received MMH + ND-HAL, and the remaining 62 patients received MMH. We collected and compared demographic and clinical characteristics of both groups, including intraoperative blood loss, postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, analgesic consumption, postoperative bleeding, perianal incision edema, urinary retention, anal stenosis, anal incontinence incidence, recurrence rate (prolapse or bleeding), and patient satisfaction.

Results

The VAS pain score of the first postoperative defecation and at the postoperative 12 h, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and 7 days, as well as the total analgesic consumption within 7 days, for the MMH + ND-HAL group were lower than those for the MMH group (P < 0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, the incidence of postoperative bleeding, perianal incision edema, and urinary retention in the MMH + ND-HAL group was lower than that in the MMH group (P < 0.05). No anal stenosis or anal incontinence occurred in either group. At follow-up by telephone or outpatient 12 months after surgery, the recurrence rate (prolapse or bleeding) was lower in the MMH + ND-HAL group than in the MMH group (P < 0.05), and satisfaction was higher in the MMH + ND-HAL group than in the MMH group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

MMH + ND-HAL was a satisfactory surgical modality for treating III/IV hemorrhoids.
Examining the social networks of older adults receiving informal or formal care: a systematic review
Authors: Ho Iris Szu-Szu , McGill Kris , Malden Stephen , Wilson Cara , Pearce Caroline , Kaner Eileen , Vines John , Aujla Navneet , Lewis Sue , Restocchi Valerio , Marshall Alan , Guthrie Bruce
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To address the care needs of older adults, it is important to identify and understand the forms of care support older adults received. This systematic review aims to examine the social networks of older adults receiving informal or formal care and the factors that influenced their networks.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted by searching six databases from inception to January 31, 2023. The review included primary studies focusing on older adults receiving long-term care, encompassing both informal and formal care. To assess the risk of bias in the included studies, validated appraisal tools specifically designed for different study types were utilized. Network analysis was employed to identify the grouping of study concepts, which subsequently formed the foundation for describing themes through narrative synthesis.

Results

We identified 121 studies relating to the formal and informal care of older adults’ networks. A variety of social ties were examined by included studies. The most commonly examined sources of care support were family members (such as children and spouses) and friends. Several factors were consistently reported to influence the provision of informal care, including the intensity of networks, reciprocity, and geographical proximity. In terms of formal care utilization, older age and poor health status were found to be associated with increased use of healthcare services. Additionally, physical limitations and cognitive impairment were identified as factors contributing to decreased social engagement.

Conclusion

This review found that older people were embedded within a diverse network. The findings of this review emphasize the importance of recognizing and incorporating the diversity of social networks in care plans and policies to enhance the effectiveness of interventions and improve the overall well-being of older adults.
Establishment of the early prediction models of low-birth-weight reveals influential genetic and environmental factors: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mizuno Satoshi , Nagaie Satoshi , Tamiya Gen , Kuriyama Shinichi , Obara Taku , Ishikuro Mami , Tanaka Hiroshi , Kinoshita Kengo , Sugawara Junichi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Yaegashi Nobuo , Ogishima Soichi
Published: August 2023

Background

Low birth weight (LBW) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, and increases various disease risks across life stages. Prediction models of LBW have been developed before, but have limitations including small sample sizes, absence of genetic factors and no stratification of neonate into preterm and term birth groups. In this study, we challenged the development of early prediction models of LBW based on environmental and genetic factors in preterm and term birth groups, and clarified influential variables for LBW prediction.

Methods

We selected 22,711 neonates, their 21,581 mothers and 8,593 fathers from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation cohort study. To establish early prediction models of LBW for preterm birth and term birth groups, we trained AI-based models using genetic and environmental factors of lifestyles. We then clarified influential environmental and genetic factors for predicting LBW in the term and preterm groups.

Results

We identified 2,327 (10.22%) LBW neonates consisting of 1,077 preterm births and 1,248 term births. Our early prediction models archived the area under curve 0.96 and 0.95 for term LBW and preterm LBW models, respectively. We revealed that environmental factors regarding eating habits and genetic features related to fetal growth were influential for predicting LBW in the term LBW model. On the other hand, we identified that genomic features related to toll-like receptor regulations and infection reactions are influential genetic factors for prediction in the preterm LBW model.

Conclusions

We developed precise early prediction models of LBW based on lifestyle factors in the term birth group and genetic factors in the preterm birth group. Because of its accuracy and generalisability, our prediction model could contribute to risk assessment of LBW in the early stage of pregnancy and control LBW risk in the term birth group. Our prediction model could also contribute to precise prediction of LBW based on genetic factors in the preterm birth group. We then identified parental genetic and maternal environmental factors during pregnancy influencing LBW prediction, which are major targets for understanding the LBW to address serious burdens on newborns' health throughout life.
Comparative efficacy and safety of different combinations of three CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapies in HR+/HER-2 − metastatic or advanced breast cancer patients: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Yiyuan , Wu Jinyao , Ji Zeqi , Chen Lingzhi , Zou Juan , Zheng Jiehua , Lin Weixun , Cai Jiehui , Chen Yaokun , Zheng Daitian , Chen Yexi , Li Zhiyang
Published: August 2023

Background

This network meta-analysis aimed to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of combinations involving three cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors and endocrine therapies (ETs) in patients with metastatic or advanced breast cancer (BC) who are hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-).

Methods

We initially identified relevant studies from previous meta-analyses and then conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases to locate additional studies published between February 2020 and September 2021. Essential data were extracted, and a network meta-analysis was performed using R 4.1.1 software with a random-effects model. Furthermore, we assigned rankings to all available treatment combinations by calculating their cumulative probability.

Results

Data analysis included ten reports from nine studies. Pooled results demonstrated that each treatment combination significantly reduced the hazard risk of progression-free survival (PFS) compared to treatment with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or fulvestrant alone. However, there were no differences observed in PFS or overall survival (OS) among the different treatment combinations. Additionally, patients receiving palbociclib plus AI and abemaciclib plus AI or fulvestrant experienced more severe adverse events (AEs), with hazard ratios (HRs) of 10.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3 to 52.51) and 4.8 (95%CI = 1.41 to 16.21), respectively. The HR for ribociclib plus AI was 9.45 (95%CI = 2.02 to 43.61), and the HR for palbociclib plus fulvestrant was 6.33 (95%CI = 1.03 to 39.86). Based on the ranking probabilities, palbociclib plus fulvestrant had the highest probability of achieving superior PFS (37.65%), followed by abemaciclib plus fulvestrant (28.76%). For OS, ribociclib plus fulvestrant ranked first (34.11%), with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in second place (25.75%). In terms of safety, palbociclib plus AI (53.98%) or fulvestrant (51.37%) had the highest probabilities of being associated with adverse events.

Conclusions

Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant or ribociclib plus AI appear to be effective and relatively safe for the treatment of HR+/HER2- metastatic or advanced BC patients. However, given the reliance on limited evidence, our findings require further validation through additional studies.
Food insecurity and cognitive function in older adults: findings from the longitudinal aging study in India
Authors: Roy Alok
Published: August 2023

Background

As we grow older, food insecurity (FI) may have an impact on our cognitive abilities. The study examines the association of FI with the cognitive function of older adults in India.

Methods

We have used the data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI), with a sample of 27,032 older adults aged 60 years and older. Bivariate analysis and linear regression models with clusters were applied to show the association. The cognitive performance tests include episodic memory, orientation, arithmetic function, executive function, and object naming.

Results

The mean cognition was 24.2 (range 0–43), while 36.4%, 2.1%, and 6.4% experienced mild, moderate, and severe FI, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, mild (β = −0.18, 95% CI: −0.32, − 0.04) and severe (β = −0.52, 95% CI: −0.82, − 0.22) food insecurity was associated with poor overall cognitive performance. Domain-specific differences in cognition, such as memory, orientation, arithmetic function, executive function, and object naming, were also validated by the level of FI.

Conclusion

The finding suggests that FI is associated with a poor level of cognition among older adults, highlighting the need for increasing the coverage and intervention strategies to address FI in India.
Relationship among subjective exercise experience, exercise behavior, and trait anxiety in adolescents
Authors: Luo Shuyu , Feng Lian , Zhao Jiabao
Published: August 2023

Objective

To investigate the influence of subjective exercise experience on adolescent trait anxiety and to reveal the mediating effect of exercise behavior.

Methods

Using the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale (SEES), Physical Exercise Rating Scale (PARS-3), and Trait Anxiety Inventory (T-AI), a questionnaire survey was conducted among 500 adolescents in Southwest China, and the SPSS21.0 and AMOS21.0 statistical analysis software was used to statistics and analysis on the questionnaires.

Results

1) Among adolescents, the exercise behavior of boys was significantly higher than that of girls (p < 0.05), and the subjective exercise experience of students aged 9 to 12 was significantly higher than that of students aged 12 to 15 (p < 0.05). 2) The subjective exercise experience could directly and positively predict exercise behavior (β = 0.45, p < 0.001) and negatively predict trait anxiety (β = -0.26, p < 0.05), and exercise behavior could directly and negatively predict trait anxiety (β = -0.32, p < 0.01). 3) The exercise behavior played a partial mediating effect between subjective exercise experience and trait anxiety (the mediation effect was -0.14). Among them, compared with low- and high-exercise amounts, the exercise behavior of moderate exercise amounts had the strongest mediating effect between subjective exercise experience and trait anxiety.

Conclusion

The good subjective exercise experience not only has direct benefits for improving trait anxiety in adolescents but also helps to improve their exercise behavior, enrich daily physical exercise activities, and indirectly promote the reduction of trait anxiety.
German mammography screening program: adherence, characteristics of (non-)participants and utilization of non-screening mammography—a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Heinig Miriam , Schäfer Wiebke , Langner Ingo , Zeeb Hajo , Haug Ulrike
Published: August 2023

Background

In Germany, all women aged 50–69 have been invited to biennial mammography screening since 2009. We aimed to assess longitudinal adherence over ten years in women aged 50 in 2009 and characterize the different adherence groups.

Methods

Using the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD, ~ 20% of the German population), we included women aged 50 in 2009 (baseline) with continuous health insurance coverage and without breast cancer or in-situ-carcinoma. We followed them until age 59 and categorized them according to mammography screening participation into the following groups: never, 1–2, 3–4, 5–6 times. We characterized these groups, inter alia, regarding the use of other preventive measures, non-screening mammography (i.e., mammography outside the organized screening program) and menopausal hormone therapy.

Results

Overall, 82,666 women were included. Of these, 27.6% never participated in the screening program, 15.1% participated 1–2 times, 31.7% participated 3–4 times and 25.6% participated regularly (5–6 times). Among regular participants, 91% utilized other preventive measures (e.g., cervical cancer screening, general health checkup) before baseline as compared to 66% among non-participants. Menopausal hormone therapy was least common among non-participants (11% vs. 18% among regular participants). Among non-participants, the proportions using ≥ 1, ≥ 2, and ≥ 3 non-screening mammographies between age 50–59 were 25%, 18%, and 15%, respectively.

Conclusions

Using a large cohort based on claims data, this study provides novel insights into longitudinal adherence to the mammography screening program and the use of mammography outside of the program in Germany. Between age 50–59, 57% of eligible women participated at least three times in the German mammography screening program and 28% (~ 3 in 10 women) never participated. Among non-participants, 15% had at least three non-screening mammographies during this period, indicating potential gray screening. Participants more often utilized other preventive measures as compared to non-participants.
Sequential correction of severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis: a new technical note and preliminary results
Authors: Hua Wenbin , Li Shuai , Feng Xiaobo , Wang Kun , Yin Huipeng , Wu Xinghuo , Zhang Yukun , Gao Yong , Ling Li , Yang Cao
Published: August 2023

Objective

The present study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of the sequential correction of severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis.

Methods

Between January 2014 and December 2020, 27 adults with severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis underwent sequential correction combined with posterior grade 4 or grade 5 spinal osteotomy. Radiological parameters, including the major curve Cobb angle, kyphotic angle, coronal imbalance, and sagittal vertical axis (SVA), were compared. Patient self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores were used to evaluate clinical outcomes.

Results

The mean major curve Cobb angle improved from 134.30 ± 13.24° to 44.48 ± 9.34° immediately after surgery and to 46.11 ± 8.94° at the final follow-up. The mean kyphotic angle improved from 112.15 ± 20.28° to 38.63 ± 15.00° immediately after surgery and to 39.85 ± 14.92° at the final follow-up. The mean preoperative major curve Cobb angle of grade 5 spinal osteotomy group was higher than that of grade 4 spinal osteotomy group. Coronal imbalance and SVA slightly improved. The patient self-reported HRQOL scores improved postoperatively and at the final follow-up. Activity, appearance and total scores of the SRS-22 of the grade 5 spinal osteotomy group at the final follow-up were significantly better than those of the grade 4 spinal osteotomy group.

Conclusions

Sequential correction combined with posterior grade 4 or grade 5 spinal osteotomies is an excellent and safe treatment for severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis in adults. Sequential correction combined with posterior grade 5 spinal osteotomies can be used to correct severe and rigid kyphoscoliosis with higher major curve Cobb angle.
Pregnancy risk and contraception among reproductive-age women with rheumatic heart disease attending care at a tertiary cardiac center in Tanzania: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Paulo David G. , Mutagaywa Reuben , Mayala Henry , Barongo Aileen
Published: August 2023

Background

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains prevalent in the developing world and reproductive-age women are disproportionately affected. It is among the common est cardiac diseases during pregnancy and is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Despite its importance among reproductive-age women, there are no local studies that characterize the clinical characteristics, risk of poor pregnancy outcomes and contraception which represents one effective way to prevent unplanned pregnancies in this population.

Methods

This was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study. Non-pregnant reproductive-age women with echocardiographically diagnosed RHD were consecutively recruited from in- and out-patients units of the Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute (JKCI). A clinical research form was used to gather socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, contraception status and echocardiographic information. The maternal/pregnancy risk class was determined using the modified World Health Organization (WHO) classification of maternal risk.

Results

Two hundred thirty-eight women of reproductive age with RHD were recruited. The median age (range) was 36 years (15–49). Two-thirds were dyspneic on moderate exertion and 17.2% had New York Heart Association class IV heart failure. A quarter had atrial fibrillation/flutter. On echocardiography, mitral regurgitation was the most common valvular lesion (68.1%), followed by mitral stenosis (66.8%), and 12.2% of participants had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Two-thirds (66%) had a high pregnancy risk (class IV) based on the modified WHO classification system. The proportion of participants using contraception was 7.1% and common methods were: bilateral tubal ligation 5 of 17 (29.4%) and hormonal implant (4 of 17). The most common reason for the choice of a method was safety, 10 out of 17 (58.8%).

Conclusion

The majority of women of reproductive age with RHD in our hospital cohort are at the highest pregnancy risk based on the modified WHO classification and a very small proportion of them are on contraception. These results call for action among clinicians to offer counselling to these patients, educating them on their risk and offering appropriate contraception advice while waiting for definitive interventions.
The effect of capacity building evidence-based medicine training on its implementation among healthcare professionals in Southwest Ethiopia: a controlled quasi-experimental outcome evaluation
Authors: Ngusie Habtamu Setegn , Ahmed Mohammadjud Hasen , Mengiste Shegaw Anagaw , Kebede Mihretu M. , Shemsu Shuayib , Kanfie Shuma Gosha , Kassie Sisay Yitayih , Kalayou Mulugeta Hayelom , Gullslett Monika Knudsen
Published: August 2023

Background

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) bridges research and clinical practice to enhance medical knowledge and improve patient care. However, clinical decisions in many African countries don’t base on the best available scientific evidence. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effect of training interventions on background knowledge and awareness of EBM sources, attitude, competence, and practice of EBM among healthcare professionals.

Method

We designed a controlled group quasi-experimental pre-post test study to evaluate the effect of capacity-building EBM training. A total of 192 healthcare professionals were recruited in the study (96 from the intervention and 96 from the control group). We used a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to determine the effect of the training. Along the way, we used a fixed effect panel-data regression model to assess variables that could affect healthcare professionals’ practice of EBM. The cut point to determine the significant effect of EBM training on healthcare professionals’ background knowledge and awareness of EBM sources, attitude, and competence was at a P-value < 0.05.

Result

The DID estimator showed a significant net change of 8.0%, 17.1%, and 11.4% at P < 0.01 on attitude, competence, and practice of EBM, respectively, whereas no significant increment in the background knowledge and awareness of EBM sources. The fixed effect regression model showed that the attitude [OR = 2.288, 95% CI: (1.049, 4.989)], competence [OR = 4.174, 95% CI: 1.984, 8.780)], technical support [OR = 2.222, 95% CI: (1.043, 3.401)], and internet access [OR = 1.984, 95% CI: (1.073, 4.048)] were significantly affected EBM practice.

Conclusion

The capacity-building training improved attitude, competence, and EBM practice. Policymakers, government, and other concerned bodies recommended focusing on a well-designed training strategy to enhance the attitude, competence, and practice towards EBM among healthcare professionals. It was also recommended to enhance internet access and set mechanisms to provide technical support at health facilities.
Development of a Plasmodium vivax biobank for functional ex vivo assays
Authors: Dash Rashmi , Skillman Kristen M. , Pereira Ligia , Mascarenhas Anjali , Dass Sheena , Walke Jayashri , Almeida Anvily , Fernandes Mezia , Gomes Edwin , White John , Chery-Karschney Laura , Khandeparkar Anar , Rathod Pradipsinh K. , Duraisingh Manoj T. , Kanjee Usheer
Published: August 2023

Background

Plasmodium vivax is the second most prevalent cause of malaria yet remains challenging to study due to the lack of a continuous in vitro culture system, highlighting the need to establish a biobank of clinical isolates with multiple freezes per sample for use in functional assays. Different methods for cryopreserving parasite isolates were compared and subsequently the most promising one was validated. Enrichment of early- and late-stage parasites and parasite maturation were quantified to facilitate assay planning.

Methods

In order to compare cryopreservation protocols, nine clinical P. vivax isolates were frozen with four glycerolyte-based mixtures. Parasite recovery post thaw, post KCl-Percoll enrichment and in short-term in vitro culture was measured via slide microscopy. Enrichment of late-stage parasites by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) was measured. Short and long-term storage of parasites at either − 80 °C or liquid nitrogen were also compared.

Results

Of the four cryopreservation mixtures, one mixture (glycerolyte:serum:RBC at a 2.5:1.5:1 ratio) resulted in improved parasite recovery and statistically significant (P < 0.05) enhancement in parasite survival in short-term in vitro culture. A parasite biobank was subsequently generated using this protocol resulting in a collection of 106 clinical isolates, each with 8 vials. The quality of the biobank was validated by measuring several factors from 47 thaws: the average reduction in parasitaemia post-thaw (25.3%); the average fold enrichment post KCl-Percoll (6.65-fold); and the average percent recovery of parasites (22.0%, measured from 30 isolates). During short-term in vitro culture, robust maturation of ring stage parasites to later stages (> 20% trophozoites, schizonts and gametocytes) was observed in 60.0% of isolates by 48 h. Enrichment of mature parasite stages via MACS showed good reproducibility, with an average of 30.0% post-MACS parasitaemia and an average of 5.30 × 105 parasites/vial. Finally, the effect of storage temperature was tested, and no large impacts from short-term (7 days) or long-term (7–10 years) storage at − 80 °C on parasite recovery, enrichment or viability was observed.

Conclusions

Here, an optimized freezing method for P. vivax clinical isolates is demonstrated as a template for the generation and validation of a parasite biobank for use in functional assays.
Addressing health inequity during the COVID-19 pandemic through primary health care and public health collaboration: a multiple case study analysis in eight high-income countries
Authors: Vanden Bossche Dorien , Zhao Q. Jane , Ares-Blanco Sara , Peña Maria Pilar Astier , Decat Peter , Kondo Naoki , Kroneman Madelon , Nishioka Daisuke , Petrazzuoli Ferdinando , Rortveit Guri , Schaubroeck Emmily , Stark Stefanie , Pinto Andrew D. , Willems Sara
Published: August 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic substantially magnified the inequity gaps among vulnerable populations. Both public health (PH) and primary health care (PHC) have been crucial in addressing the challenges posed by the pandemic, especially in the area of vulnerable populations. However, little is known about the intersection between PH and PHC as a strategy to mitigate the inequity gap. This study aims to assess the collaboration between PHC and PH with a focus on addressing the health needs of vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic across jurisdictions.

Methods

We analyzed and compared data from jurisdictional reports of COVID-19 pandemic responses in PHC and PH in Belgium, Canada (Ontario), Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, and Spain from 2020 to 2021.

Results

Four themes emerge from the analysis: (1) the majority of the countries implemented outreach strategies targeting vulnerable groups as a means to ensure continued access to PHC; (2) digital assessment in PHC was found to be present across all the countries; (3) PHC was insufficiently represented at the decision-making level; (4) there is a lack of clear communication channels between PH and PHC in all the countries.

Conclusions

This study identified opportunities for collaboration between PHC and PH to reduce inequity gaps and to improve population health, focusing on vulnerable populations. The COVID-19 response in these eight countries has demonstrated the importance of an integrated PHC system. Consequently, the development of effective strategies for responding to and planning for pandemics should take into account the social determinants of health in order to mitigate the unequal impact of COVID-19. Careful, intentional coordination between PH and PHC should be established in normal times as a basis for effective response during future public health emergencies. The pandemic has provided significant insights on how to strengthen health systems and provide universal access to healthcare by fostering stronger connections between PH and PHC.
Impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life among Indians- a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: James Anju , Janakiram Chandrashekar , Meghana R. V. , Kumar Vijay S. , Sagarkar Anitha R. , Y. Yuvraj B.
Published: August 2023

Objective

This review assessed the impact of oral conditions on Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Indians.

Methods

Databases, including PubMed and Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycInfo were systematically searched for English Language studies conducted among Indians up to July 2022. Two independent reviewers assessed studies selected for retrieval for methodological quality using standardised quality assessment instruments for analytical cross-sectional studies in JBI SUMARI.

Results

Fourty one publications were included in this review (N = 23,090). Studies includes both cross sectional study and Randomized Controlled Trials. Based on the JBI critical appraisal tools, the quality of the included studies was low to high. Twenty-six studies were considered for the meta-analysis. Individuals with dental caries [OR: 3.54 (95% CI 2.24- 5.60), ten studies, 4945 participants] and malocclusion [ OR: 5.44 (95% CI 1.61, 18.39), six studies, 3720 participants] had poor OHRQoL compared to individuals without oral conditions.

Conclusions

Despite the various definitions of the exposures and instruments used to assess Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, our review found that people with dental caries and malocclusion have a significantly higher experience of poor quality of life.

Prospero Systematic Review Registration No.

CRD42021277874.
Updated overall survival from the MONALEESA-3 trial in postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer receiving first-line ribociclib plus fulvestrant
Authors: Neven P. , Fasching P. A. , Chia S. , Jerusalem G. , De Laurentiis M. , Im S.-A. , Petrakova K. , Bianchi G. V. , Martín M. , Nusch A. , Sonke G. S. , De la Cruz-Merino L. , Beck J. T. , Zarate J. P. , Wang Y. , Chakravartty A. , Wang C. , Slamon D. J.
Published: August 2023

Background

The phase III MONALEESA-3 trial included first- (1L) and second-line (2L) patients and demonstrated a significant overall survival (OS) benefit for ribociclib + fulvestrant in patients with hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HR+/HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC) in the final protocol-specified and exploratory (longer follow-up) OS analyses. At the time of these analyses, the full OS benefit of 1L ribociclib was not completely characterized because the median OS (mOS) was not reached. As CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) + endocrine therapy (ET) is now a preferred option for 1L HR+/HER2− ABC, we report an exploratory analysis (median follow-up, 70.8 months; 14.5 months longer than the prior analysis) to fully elucidate the OS benefit in the MONALEESA-3 1L population.

Methods

Postmenopausal patients with HR+/HER2− ABC were randomized 2:1 to 1L/2L fulvestrant + ribociclib or placebo. OS in 1L patients (de novo disease or relapse > 12 months from completion of [neo]adjuvant ET) was assessed by Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier methods. Progression-free survival 2 (PFS2) and chemotherapy-free survival (CFS) were analyzed. MONALEESA-3 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02422615).

Results

At data cutoff (January 12, 2022; median follow-up time, 70.8 months), mOS was 67.6 versus 51.8 months with 1L ribociclib versus placebo (hazard ratio (HR) 0.67; 95% CI 0.50–0.90); 16.5% and 8.6% of ribociclib and placebo patients, respectively, were still receiving treatment. PFS2 (HR 0.64) and CFS (HR 0.62) favored ribociclib versus placebo. Among those who discontinued treatment, 16.7% and 35.0% on ribociclib or placebo, respectively, received a subsequent CDK4/6i. No new safety signals were observed.

Conclusions

This analysis of MONALEESA-3 reports the longest mOS thus far (67.6 months) for 1L patients in a phase III ABC trial. These results in a 1L population show that the OS benefit of ribociclib was maintained through extended follow-up, further supporting its use in HR+/HER2− ABC.
CD64 as novel molecular imaging marker for the characterization of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Theeuwes Wessel F. , Di Ceglie Irene , Dorst Daphne N. , Blom Arjen B. , Bos Desiree L. , Vogl Thomas , Tas Sander W. , Jimenez-Royo Pilar , Bergstrom Mats , Cleveland Matthew , van der Kraan Peter M. , Laverman Peter , Koenders Marije I. , van Lent Peter L. , van den Bosch Martijn H. J.
Published: August 2023

Background

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating joint diseases worldwide. RA is characterized by synovial inflammation (synovitis), which is linked to the development of joint destruction. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography are widely being used to detect the presence and extent of synovitis. However, these techniques do not reveal the activation status of inflammatory cells such as macrophages that play a crucial role in synovitis and express CD64 (Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)I) which is considered as macrophage activation marker.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate CD64 expression and its correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-damaging factors in human-derived RA synovium. Furthermore, we aimed to set up a molecular imaging modality using a radiolabeled CD64-specific antibody as a novel imaging tracer that could be used to determine the extent and phenotype of synovitis using optical and nuclear imaging.

Methods

First, we investigated CD64 expression in synovium of early- and late-stage RA patients and studied its correlation with the expression of pro-inflammatory and tissue-damaging factors. Next, we conjugated an anti-CD64 antibody with IRDye 800CW and diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA; used for111In labeling) and tested its binding on cultured THP1 cells, ex vivo RA synovium explants and its imaging potential in SCID mice implanted with human RA synovium explants obtained from RA patients who underwent total joint replacement.

Results

We showed that CD64 is expressed in synovium of early and late-stage RA patients and thatFCGR1A/CD64 expression is strongly correlated with factors known to be involved in RA progression. Combined, this makes CD64 a useful marker for imaging the extent and phenotype of synovitis. We reported higher binding of the [111In]In-DTPA-IRDye 800CW anti-CD64 antibody to in vitro cultured THP1 monocytes and ex vivo RA synovium compared to isotype control. In human RA synovial explants implanted in SCID mice, the ratio of uptake of the antibody in synovium over blood was significantly higher when injected with anti-CD64 compared to isotype and injecting an excess of unlabeled antibody significantly reduced the antibody-binding associated signal, both indicating specific receptor binding.

Conclusion

Taken together, we successfully developed an optical and nuclear imaging modality to detect CD64 in human RA synovium in vivo.
Resilience and spirituality mediate anxiety and life satisfaction in chronically Ill older adults
Authors: Shabani Mohammadamin , Taheri-Kharameh Zahra , Saghafipour Abedin , Ahmari-Tehran Hoda , Yoosefee Sadegh , Amini-Tehrani Mohammadali
Published: August 2023

Background

Spirituality and psychological resilience can be considered as a protective factor for coping with anxiety in geriatric populations. The aim of the study was to investigate the structural model related to the mediating role of spirituality and psychological resilience in predicting the relationship between anxiety and life satisfaction in older adults with chronic illness.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, one hundred patients over sixty years of age from one university hospital were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Spiritual Health Scale, the Anxiety Module of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) structure modeling.

Results

There was a positive and significant relationship between resilience, spirituality and life satisfaction of the samples. The structural model showed that spirituality, and psychological resilience mediated in the relationship between anxiety and life satisfaction directly and in indirectly in the older people with chronic disease, explaining approximately 34% of the variance in life satisfaction.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that spirituality and psychological resilience can help older adults with chronic illness to negate the impact of anxiety on satisfaction, with the effect of spirituality being stronger than resilience in this relationship.
Wine or Beer? A reinvestigation of residues from bronze vessels from the Beibai’e cemetery, Shanxi China
Authors: Li Yufang , Zhang Ganyu , Nan Puheng , Yang Jiyun , Cao Jun , Ma Zhikun , Ge Wei , Wen Rui
Published: August 2023

The Beibai’e cemetery is a high-status noble tomb group from the early Spring–Autumn period (770 B.C–476 B.C). Three sealed bronze vessels with mud and liquid residues were excavated from the M1 tomb. In a previous investigation, it was concluded that the residues were fruit wine since syringic acid was detected. However, this finding contradicts the grain-based brewing traditions prevalent in the central plains region of China since the Neolithic era. In the previous study, syringic acid was considered a unique biomarker for fruit wine. In this study, multiple analytical techniques, including microfossil analysis, HPLC‒MS and FTIR were applied. The results indicated that the residue was beer rather than fruit wine. This study demonstrated that comprehensive analysis and multiple pieces of evidence are necessary in wine residue research.
Spatial distribution analysis and driving factors of traditional villages in Henan province: a comprehensive approach via geospatial techniques and statistical models
Authors: Liu Wenxiang , Xue Ying , Shang Cun
Published: August 2023

Traditional villages are repositories for preserving human artifacts and cultural heritage. An investigation of the spatial distribution characteristics and factors influencing traditional villages in provincial administrative regions can provide new insights regarding the protection of traditional villages and rural development. This study focused on 275 traditional villages in Henan Province. Using ArcGIS and GeoDa software, we analysed the spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity of the nearest neighbour index, Gini coefficient, Moran’s I, and kernel density of the villages. Additionally, in conjunction with the Python sklearn library and GeoDetector, 15 indicators were selected to construct a decision tree model, spatial lag regression model, and geographic detector. Then the influence and interaction mechanisms of each indicator were analysed. The results revealed that (1) the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Henan Province was clustered and uneven, with a spatial layout comprising “3 high-density areas + 1 medium-density belt”; (2) overall, the number of traditional villages was negatively correlated with altitude, slope, rainfall, population density, proportion of the minority population, and historical-cultural intensity; and (3) the decision tree model results demonstrated that the selected 15 indicators had good predictive ability and that population density was particularly important. The spatial lag regression model results showed that the spatial distribution of traditional villages was positively correlated with distance from rivers, urbanization rate, and tourism resources, and negatively correlated with population density, per capita GRP, historical-cultural intensity, and NDVI. (4) The GeoDetector results indicated that historical-cultural intensity and population density were the two factors with the most significant explanatory power for the spatial differentiation of traditional villages in Henan Province. In terms of interactive factors, population density

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population was the strongest interactive driving force, followed by population

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historical-cultural intensity.
Simple and validated method to quantify lacosamide in human breast milk and plasma using UPLC/MS/MS and its application to estimate drug transfer into breast milk
Authors: Furugen Ayako , Nishimura Ayako , Umazume Takeshi , Ishikawa Hina , Narumi Katsuya , Kobayashi Masaki
Published: August 2023

Background

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. Lacosamide is a third-generation antiepileptic drug used to treat partial-onset seizures. Limited information is currently available on the transfer of lacosamide to breast milk. To facilitate studies on the safety of lacosamide use during breastfeeding, we aimed to develop a method to quantify lacosamide in human breast milk and plasma using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

Methods

Fifty microliters of breast milk or plasma was used, and samples were prepared by protein precipitation using methanol containing lacosamide-d3 as an internal standard (IS). Chromatography was performed using an ACQUITY HSS T3 column with an isocratic flow of 10 mM ammonium acetate solution/methanol (70:30, v/v). Lacosamide and IS were detected by multiple reaction monitoring in positive ion electrospray mode. The run time was 3.5 min.

Results

Calibration curves were linear and in the range of 0.5 to 100 ng/mL both in breast milk and plasma. The validation assessment indicated that precision, accuracy, matrix effects, selectivity, dilution integrity, and stability were acceptable. The developed method was successfully applied to quantify lacosamide in breast milk and plasma obtained from a volunteer who had been orally administered lacosamide twice a day (100 mg × 2). Relative infant dose of lacosamide was estimated to be 14.6% in breast milk at five time points.

Conclusions

We developed a simple and robust method to quantify of lacosamide in human breast milk and plasma. This method could be useful for in future studies investigating the safety of lacosamide use during breastfeeding.