bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infants use contextual memory to attend and learn in naturalistic scenes
Authors: Tummeltshammer Kristen , Amso Dima
Published: February 2023

Infants encounter new objects and learn about object features in relation to a rich and detailed visuospatial context. Using a contextual cueing task, recent work showed that 6‐ and 10‐month‐old infants search more efficiently for target objects in repeated rather than novel visuospatial contexts (i.e., arrays of shapes on a blank background). Here, we investigate whether infants' sensitivity to visuospatial context scales up to more complex and potentially more distracting, naturalistic scenes. In an eye‐tracking task, 8‐month‐olds searched for a novel target object in colorful photographs of everyday environments (e.g., bedrooms and kitchens). Repeated (“Old”) contexts co‐varied with target locations, such that the target object appeared in exactly the same location on the same scene, while varying (“New”) contexts contained target objects placed in different counterbalanced locations across a variety of scenes. Infants exhibited faster search times, more anticipation of target animation, and longer looking at targets that appeared in Old relative to New contexts. In a subsequent memory test, infants showed better recognition of label‐object pairings for target objects that had appeared in Old, rather than New, contexts. These results indicate that infants can use visuospatial contextual information in complex naturalistic scenes to facilitate memory‐guided attention and learning of object‐paired labels.
Quercetin prevents osteoarthritis progression possibly via regulation of local and systemic inflammatory cascades
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Yan Yongyong , Pathak Janak L. , Hong Wei , Zeng Jing , Qian Dongyang , Hao Binwei , Li Haiqing , Gu Jinlan , Jaspers Richard T. , Wu Gang , Shao Ming , Peng Gongyong , Lan Haifeng
Published: February 2023

Due to the lack of effective treatments, osteoarthritis (OA) remains a challenge for clinicians. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid, has shown potent anti‐inflammatory effects. However, its effect on preventing OA progression and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, Sprague–Dawley male rats were divided into five groups: control group, OA group (monosodium iodoacetate intra‐articular injection), and three quercetin‐treated groups. Quercetin‐treated groups were treated with intragastric quercetin once a day for 28 days. Gross observation and histopathological analysis showed cartilage degradation and matrix loss in the OA group. High‐dose quercetin‐group joints showed failure in OA progression. High‐dose quercetin inhibited the OA‐induced expression of MMP‐3, MMP‐13, ADAMTS4, and ADAMTS5 and promoted the OA‐reduced expression of aggrecan and collagen II. Levels of most inflammatory cytokines and growth factors tested in synovial fluid and serum were upregulated in the OA group and these increases were reversed by high‐dose quercetin. Similarly, subchondral trabecular bone was degraded in the OA group and this effect was reversed in the high‐dose quercetin group. Our findings indicate that quercetin has a protective effect against OA development and progression possibly via maintaining the inflammatory cascade homeostasis. Therefore, quercetin could be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent OA progression in risk groups.
Alternative hypotheses regarding the association between early engagement in gambling and gambling‐like activities and later problem gambling – a commentary on Richard and King (2023)
Authors: Rhee Soo Hyun , Ellingson Jarrod M.
Published: February 2023

This issue of the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry includes a systematic review on the emergence of problem gambling from childhood to emerging adulthood (Richard & King, 2023). The importance of understanding the risks for problem gambling earlier in development is clear, given the increasing availability of gambling to minors, especially online gambling.
Caregivers' nutrition‐related knowledge, perceptions, practices and barriers regarding the therapeutic diet for classical galactosaemia
Authors: Blaauw Giana F. , Dolman‐Macleod Robin C. , Van Niekerk Evette
Published: February 2023

Background

Classical galactosaemia is a life‐threatening disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, and the primary treatment is a lifelong galactose‐restricted diet commenced in infancy. Adherence to restrictive diets can be burdensome for patients and their families; however, little is known about the impact on caregivers.

Aim

This study aims to determine the nutrition‐related knowledge, perceptions, practices, and barriers of caregivers related to the therapeutic diet for classical galactosaemia.

Methods

An online survey was conducted among 98 eligible members of the Galactosaemia Support Group using a novel questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2021 and Stata/MP (version 17.0), respectively. Forty‐three caregivers participated in the study.

Results and Conclusion

Of those who participated, 98% had high levels of dietary knowledge. Caregivers' knowledge scores ( = 17.9, standard deviation [SD] = 1.7) were positively correlated with educational level (r = 0.383, p = 0.013). High attitudinal scores ( = 32.5, SD = 5.5) obtained by most caregivers (65%) revealed an overall positive attitude towards the galactosaemia diet. Negative perceptions of being unable to feed their child breast milk (49%) were apparent, and this perception was positively correlated with caregivers' intention to feed their child breast milk (r = 0.450, p = 0.003). Caregivers' concerns about the safety of their child in social settings (79%) and feeling that their child was excluded in social settings (49%) were clear barriers. A multidisciplinary approach to galactosaemia management is warranted, with healthcare interventions focusing on addressing caregivers' negative perceptions and barriers related to the diet to enable tailored support and facilitate lifelong compliance.
B‐cell and T‐cell receptor repertoire in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, a prospective cohort study
Authors: van Lieverloo G. G. A. , Al‐Soudi A. , Wieske L. , Klarenbeek P. L. , Anang D. C. , Adrichem M. E. , Niewold I. , van Schaik B. D. C. , van Kampen A. H. C. , van Schaik I. N. , de Vries N. , Eftimov F.
Published: February 2023

The immunopathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in an individual patient are largely unknown. Better understanding of these mechanisms may aid development of biomarkers and targeted therapies. Both B‐ and T‐cell dominant mechanisms have been implicated. We therefore investigated whether B‐cell and T‐cell receptor (BCR/TCR) repertoires might function as immunological biomarkers in CIDP. In this prospective cohort study, we longitudinally sampled peripheral blood of CIDP patients in three different phases of CIDP: starting induction treatment (IT), starting withdrawal from IVIg maintenance treatment (MT), and patients in remission (R). BCR and TCR repertoires were analyzed using RNA based high throughput sequencing. In baseline samples, the number of total clones, the number of dominant BCR and TCR clones and their impact on the repertoire was similar for patients in the IT, MT, and remission groups compared with healthy controls. Baseline samples in the IT or MT did not predict treatment response or potential relapse at follow‐up. Treatment responders in the IT group showed a potential IVIg‐induced increase in the number of dominant BCR clones and their impact at follow‐up (baseline1.0 [IQR 1.0‐2.8] vs. 6 m 3.5 [0.3‐6.8]; P < .05, Wilcoxon test). Although the BCR repertoire changed over time, the TCR repertoire remained robustly stable. We conclude that TCR and BCR repertoire distributions do not predict disease activity, treatment response or response to treatment withdrawal.
The longitudinal link between popularity, likeability, fear of negative evaluation and social avoidance across adolescence
Authors: Henricks Lisan A. , Lange Wolf‐Gero , Luijten Maartje , van den Berg Yvonne H. M. , Stoltz Sabine E. M. J. , Cillessen Antonius H. N. , Becker Eni S.
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the longitudinal bidirectional associations between likeability, popularity, fear of negative evaluation, and social avoidance, to aid in preventing the negative consequences and persistent trajectories of low social status and heightened social anxiety. In total, 1741 adolescents in grades 7–9 participated at 3 yearly waves. A self‐report questionnaire measured fear of negative evaluation. Peer nominations assessed likeability, popularity, and social avoidance. Lower popularity predicted more avoidance, and vice versa. More avoidance was related to lower likeability over time. Being less popular and/or more liked by peers, increased fear of negative evaluation. Support for a transactional model between social anxiety and social status was found, but distinguishing different social status and social anxiety components is necessary.
Long‐term acoustic monitoring of nonstereotyped blue whale calls in the southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Torterotot Maëlle , Samaran Flore , Royer Jean‐Yves
Published: February 2023

Monitoring the presence of blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus ssp.) stereotyped calls has been a widely used method to assess the different populations' distribution worldwide. All blue whale populations also produce nonstereotyped vocalizations, or D‐calls. Here, we monitored the presence of D‐calls in long‐term records from a large hydrophone array located in the open southern Indian Ocean, using an automated detection method and manual validation of the detections. D‐calls were detected at all sites of the array, which extends from 24°S to 56°S, but the majority of them were detected at the two southernmost sites. We observed a latitudinal shift in their seasonal occurrence, with more D‐calls in the north during austral autumn and winter and more in the south during austral spring. The geographical occurrence of D‐calls compared to that of songs indicates that blue whale acoustic behavior switches from a song‐intensive and sparse‐D‐call emission in the north to song‐moderate and more intensive D‐call emissions in the south. These findings support the hypothesis that both call types are used for different purposes, as D‐calls are mainly detected around foraging grounds and songs in wintering grounds. Monitoring both call types might therefore be a relevant acoustic indicator of blue whale behavior.
Obesity and weight change during the COVID‐19 pandemic in children and adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Anderson Laura N. , Yoshida‐Montezuma Yulika , Dewart Nora , Jalil Ezza , Khattar Jayati , De Rubeis Vanessa , Carsley Sarah , Griffith Lauren E. , Mbuagbaw Lawrence
Published: February 2023

Many obesity risk factors have increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including physical inactivity, poor diet, stress, and poverty. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, as well as associated lockdowns or restrictions, on weight change in children and adults. We searched five databases from January 2020 to November 2021. We included only longitudinal studies with measures from before and during the pandemic that evaluated the change in weight, body mass index (BMI) (or BMI z‐scores for children), waist circumference, or the prevalence of obesity. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted to obtain pooled estimates of the mean difference in outcomes. Subgroups were evaluated for age groups and diabetes or obesity at baseline. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A total of 74 studies were included (3,213,776 total participants): 31 studies of children, 41 studies of adults, and 2 studies of children and adults. In children, the pooled mean difference was 1.65 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40, 2.90; 9 studies) for weight and 0.13 (95% CI 0.10, 0.17; 20 studies) for BMI z‐scores, and the prevalence of obesity increased by 2% (95% CI 1%, 3%; 12 studies). In adults, the pooled mean difference was 0.93 kg (95% CI 0.54, 1.33; 27 studies) for weight and 0.38 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.21, 0.55; 25 studies) for BMI, and the prevalence of obesity increased by 1% (95% CI 0%, 3%; 11 studies). In children and adults, the pooled mean difference for waist circumference was 1.03 cm (95% CI −0.08, 2.15; 4 studies). There was considerable heterogeneity observed for all outcomes in both children and adults, and the certainty of evidence assessed using GRADE was very low for all outcomes. During the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic, small but potentially clinically significant increases in weight gain, BMI, and increased prevalence of obesity in both children and adults were observed. Increases were greater in children, and targeted prevention interventions may be warranted.
Psychosocial impact of pediatric alopecia areata: A survey study
Authors: Benton Sarah , Bellefeuille Gretchen , Rypka Katelyn , Nguyen Audrey , Raymond Ora , Gorbatenko‐Roth Kristina , Maguiness Sheilagh , Hordinsky Maria K.
Published: February 2023

This study, which aimed to identify distress by sites of hair loss and psychosocial stressors for a pediatric alopecia areata population, enrolled 50 patients (32 females, 18 males, ages 7–17 years) from pediatric dermatology clinics, including a monthly hair disease clinic. Patients completed a 47‐question survey. Scalp hair loss was rated as often or always bothersome in 34.7%; eyebrow loss in 24.3%; and eyelash loss in 21.6%, and 6 patients (12%) discontinued a social activity due to hair loss. Referral to behavioral/mental health specialists should be considered to improve psychosocial outcomes.
Screening for polyomavirus nephropathy and viremia in children with renal transplantation
Authors: Hamed Radi , Al Maghrabi Mohammed , Kasem Mohammed F. , El Fekky Mohamed AbdelRaheem , Al Shami Al‐Anoud , Mohamed Nasreen H. , Sheyyab Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Background

Polyomavirus, known as BK virus, is an important cause of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant patients, leading to BK virus nephropathy. The main study objectives were to assess the disease incidence and disease course in pediatric patients, and assess the diagnostic accuracy of BK screening for asymptomatic patients.

Methods

This is a single‐center observational study, which included 81 pediatric renal allograft recipients that were transplanted and/or followed at King Fahad Specialist Hospital‐Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Screening for BK virus was performed prospectively according to a predetermined hospital protocol. Our BK screening protocol consisted of periodic quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction test in the plasma. In patients with deranged graft function, graft biopsies were evaluated for the presence of BK nephropathy.

Results

Our study detected BK viremia in 14 patients (17.3%), while BK nephropathy occurred in seven patients (8.6%). The onset of BK viremia had bimodal distribution, 78 percent occurring within first year post‐transplantation, while 21.4% occurred late.

Patients who developed BK nephropathy had a higher BK level than BK viremia patients, for both mean and peak values (p = .02, p = .02). A BK cutoff level of 40 000 copies/mL showed sensitivity and specificity of 85.7%, 85.7%, respectively, in predicting the conversion of BK viremia to BK nephropathy.

Conclusions

BK viremia and BK nephropathy occur in pediatric patients with similar incidence rates compared to adult patients. Protocolized screening led to early detection of viremia, and could predict the conversion of BK viremia to BK nephropathy and allow for early immunosuppression modulation.
Bronchial provocation testing: Should we look beyond FEV1?
Authors: Finlay Paul , Smith Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

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Visual analytics for diagnosing spatial interpolation models
Authors: de Oliveira Bastos André , Santos Emanuele , Viana Darniton , Barbosa Luciano
Published: February 2023

The development and widespread use of statistical learning models have brought the need for tools that help analysts diagnose, build, and refine those models. In this work, in particular, we focus on interpolation models, which spatially predict the value of a variable based on the values of its neighborhood. Investigating these results spatially or comparing them with other models at different levels of granularity is still a challenge for the analysts trying to understand and refine their models. To deal with that, we propose a visual analytics model‐agnostic tool for facilitating the comparison and refinement of spatial models at different levels of granularity using interactive visualization techniques. The tool was built in collaboration with specialists who used it to diagnose and improve a spatial model for predicting residential real estate prices.
The transcription factor MYC1 interacts with FIT to negatively regulate iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Song Hui , Geng Qingliu , Wu Xi , Hu Min , Ye Min , Yu Xin , Chen Yifan , Xu Jiena , Jiang Li , Cao Shuqing
Published: February 2023

Iron (Fe) is an indispensable trace mineral element for the normal growth of plants, and it is involved in different biological processes; Fe shortage in plants can induce chlorosis and yield loss. The objective of this research is to identify novel genes that participated in the regulation of Fe‐deficiency stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. A basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor (MYC1) was identified to be interacting with the FER‐LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT) using a yeast‐two‐hybrid assay. Transcript‐level analysis showed that there was a decrease in MYC1 expression in Arabidopsis to cope with Fe‐deficiency stress. Functional deficiency of MYC1 in Arabidopsis leads to an increase in Fe‐deficiency tolerance and Fe‐accumulation, whereas MYC1‐overexpressing plants have an enhanced sensitivity to Fe‐deficiency stress. Additionally, MYC1 inhibited the formation of FIT and bHLH38/39 heterodimers, which suppressed the expressed level for Fe acquisition genes FRO2 and IRT1 during Fe‐deficiency stress. These results showed that MYC1 functions as a negative modulator of the Fe‐deficiency stress response by inhibiting the formation of FIT and bHLH38/39 heterodimers, thereby suppressing the binding of FIT and bHLH38/39 heterodimers to the promoters of FRO2 and IRT1 to modulate Fe intake during Fe‐deficiency stress. Overall, the findings of this study elucidated the role of MYC1 in coping with Fe‐deficiency stress, and provided potential targets for the developing of crop varieties resistant to Fe‐deficiency stress.
Mass spectrometry‐based analysis on the impact of whole blood donation on the global plasma proteome
Authors: Kreft Iris C. , Hoogendijk Arie J. , van der Zwaan Carmen , van Alphen Floris P. J. , Boon‐Spijker Mariette , Prinsze Femmeke , Meijer Alexander B. , de Korte Dirk , van den Hurk Katja , van den Biggelaar Maartje
Published: February 2023

Background

Biomonitoring may provide important insights into the impact of a whole blood donation for individual blood donors.

Study Design and Methods

Here, we used unbiased mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics to assess longitudinal changes in the global plasma proteome, after a single blood donation for new and regular donors. Subsequently, we compared plasma proteomes of 76 male and female whole blood donors, that were grouped based on their ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb) levels.

Results

The longitudinal analysis showed limited changes in the plasma proteomes of new and regular donors after a whole blood donation during a 180‐day follow‐up period, apart from a significant short‐term decrease in fibronectin. No differences were observed in the plasma proteomes of donors with high versus low Hb and/or ferritin levels. Plasma proteins with the highest variation between and within donors included pregnancy zone protein, which was associated with sex, Alfa 1‐antitrypsin which was associated with the allelic variation, and Immunoglobulin D. Coexpression analysis revealed clustering of proteins that are associated with platelet, red cell, and neutrophil signatures as well as with the complement system and immune responses, including a prominent correlating cluster of immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin J chain (JCHAIN), and CD5 antigen‐like (CD5L).

Discussion

Overall, our proteomic approach shows that whole blood donation has a limited impact on the plasma proteins measured. Our findings suggest that plasma profiling can be successfully employed to consistently detect proteins and protein complexes that reflect the functionality and integrity of platelets, red blood cells, and immune cells in blood donors and thus highlights its potential use for donor health monitoring.
Investigação da Previsibilidade Sazonal da Precipitação na Região do Alto São Francisco em Minas Gerais
Authors: Weber Taciana Menezes , Dereczynski Claudine Pereira , Souza Ricardo Henrique Dos Santos , Chou Sin Chan , Bustamante Josiane Ferreira , Paiva Neto Arthur Chaves de
Published: February 2023

Seasonal rainfall forecasts generated with regional Eta model for the rainy season of the São Francisco River Basin, upstream Hydroeletric Power Plant (HPP) Três Marias in Minas Gerais are evaluated in this work. The use of such forecasts as an input in energy planning models, represent a better management in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. However, it is well known that most of the globe, seasonal climate predictability is much reduced, since the effects of boundary conditions to determine the evolution of the average state of the atmosphere compete with internal variability associated with the chaotic instabilities and nonlinear interactions of the atmospheric flow. The forecasts of the Eta-Seasonal-15km model are initiated on days 13 to 17 October, extending until February 28, during the years 2001-2010. The evaluation results indicate that the noise (inter members variability) is higher than the signal (interannual variability), suggesting low reliability of the forecasts for the region during the rainy season. Forecasts of precipitation are underestimated and the Root Mean Square Error of 77.03 mm / month is high, almost twice its standard deviation. Note A high spatial variability of rainfall due to very steep topography, which further reduces the performance of numerical models. A hit rating category of precipitation (IACP), based on the distribution of tertiles, was applied to account for the number of times that the forecasts point to the same category of observed rainfall: rainfall below, within or above the normal range. The IACP for the whole area and during the ten years was low (mean 29%), however in the southern Basin IACP is a bit higher, around 50% to 70% in the Southeast region. The annual review of the forecasts for the entire area indicated that the best model performance occurred in 2005, when conditions ATMS negative in Pacific, near the coast of Peru were persisted in October 2005 and in fact such anomalies occurred through the month of February 2006.
Los funerales del Piojo. Muerte y Pandemia
Authors:   Universidad Arturo Prat, Guerrero Bernardo
Published: February 2023

Se describe un velorio y funeral de un personaje popular de la ciudad de iquique, Chile, en plena pandemia.
Profesora Victoria Castro Rojas (1944-2022), fuente inspiradora para la SOSOET.
Authors:   Universidad de Murcia, Muñoz Maluenda Cristian , Guerrero Gatica Matías
Published: February 2023

Con esta publicación queremos enaltecer, a través de la vía de difusión de vuestra plataforma, el legado de una gran profesional, quien acaba de fallecer hace un par de días y merece que se conozca su aporte a nuestra organización que es la Sociedad Chile
Oxidation behavior of a cathodic arc evaporated Cr0.69Ta0.20B0.11N coating
Authors: Kainz Christina , Letofsky-Papst Ilse , Saringer Christian , Krüger Hannes , Stark Andreas , Schell Norbert , Pohler Markus , Czettl Christoph
Published: February 2023

CrTaBN hard coatings deposited by cathodic arc evaporation are a promising new material class for use in demanding applications, due to their high hardness and good thermal stability in protective atmosphere. Up to now however, studies on the detailed oxidation mechanism of quaternary CrTaBN coatings are lacking in the literature. Thus, within this work, the oxidation behavior of a Cr0.69Ta0.20B0.11N coating grown by cathodic arc evaporation was studied in a combinatorial approach of advanced characterization techniques. In situ high-energy x-ray diffraction at a synchrotron radiation facility showed that up to ∼1100 °C, only the face-centered cubic (fcc) CrxTayB1−x−yN solid solution of powdered CrTaBN contributes to the crystalline phase composition. As the temperature is further increased, tetragonal CrTaO4 and rhombohedral Cr2O3 form. In situ high-temperature Raman spectroscopy evidenced that B2O3 contributes to the phase composition of the material in the temperature regime from ∼600 to 1000 °C. Applying high-resolution transmission electron microscopy allowed to identify the presence of four discrete zones in a partly oxidized CrTaBN coating on sapphire: intact fcc-CrTaBN at the interface to the substrate, followed by a Cr-deficient and Cr-enriched layer, respectively, and a porous layer with small grains at the surface.
An updated dichotomous key to the snakes of Europe
Authors: Di Nicola Matteo Riccardo , Faraone Francesco Paolo , Zabbia Thomas
Published: February 2023

This work presents an updated dichotomous key to all snake species of Europe, based on morphological, morphometric and distributional characters. It gathers data from both the last dichotomous keys concerning European snake species and every following paper giving updates on taxonomic classification or the occurrence of new allochthonous species. The key includes 58 snake taxa, including 57species and one still unnamed taxon, distributed on the European territory, and photographic material for each species. The aim of this paper is to make the identification of all European snake species through a single manuscript more accessible, not only for researchers, but also for citizen science, thus enhancing data collection and assist species conservation.
The resilience of amphibians to wildfire is habitat dependent
Authors: Chergui Brahim , Ayres César , Santos Xavier
Published: February 2023

Climate and socioeconomic factors are modifying fire regimes. In this scenario, some taxa such as amphibians may be increasingly vulnerable. However, knowledge concerning how amphibian species respond to wildfires is limited and information is puzzling, with studies reporting positive, negative or neutral responses. We examined amphibian species occurrence after a 1600-ha fire in a fire-active region located in the north-western Iberian Peninsula. This area is a biogeographical crossroad where Atlantic and Mediterranean amphibian species can coexist in the same ponds. We sampled 33 water points in native (mainly oak) and non-native (eucalyptus) forests. Water points were sampled in two different periods: just after the fire to report direct mortality (resistance to fire), and two years after the fire to evidence resilience. We examined the influence of forest type and fire occurrence on the number of amphibian species detected per point (species richness). Species richness per point varied both depending on forest type (i.e. higher richness in the native forest) and fire occurrence (i.e. more species at burnt points). The occurrence of Atlantic species did not change with fire at native forest points but declined in exotic forest points affected by fire. Mediterranean species richness was higher at native than exotic points, as the number of species increased in native burnt forests, benefiting from the open spaces cleared by the fire. This study identified the negative effect of eucalyptus plantations on amphibians and showed that the response of this taxon to fire is shaped by species-specific bioregion affinity.
Activation of Anterolateral Abdominal Muscles During Sling Bridge Exercises: Comparison of Different Pelvic Positions
Authors: Kim Seungmin , Salazar Fajardo Jhosedyn Carolaym , Yoon BumChul
Published: February 2023

Context: Inappropriate activation of the anterolateral abdominal muscles affects the stability of the lumbopelvic zone and increases the appearance of pain and lesion in the area. Therefore, ways to improve its effective contraction are crucial in rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to compare the activation of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) muscles in 3 different pelvic positions (down pelvis [DP], horizontal pelvis [HP], and up pelvis [UP]) during sling bridge exercise (SBE) to determinate which position is more effective to promote a correct contraction of the anterolateral abdominal muscles. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifteen participants performed 3 variations (DP, HP, and UP) of a one-legged exercise called “supine pelvic lift” on a sling device. The thicknesses of the TrA, IO, and EO were recorded at rest and at the 3 positions using ultrasound imaging. Thickness, change ratio, lateral slide of TrA, and preferential and contraction activation ratio of TrA, IO, and EO were analyzed. Results: TrA and IO showed greater activation (P = .01) in the UP position than the other pelvic positions. In addition, UP position decreased the activation of the EO (P = .01). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, SBE in the UP position has the potential to improve normal contraction patterns of the musculature and can be used in future intervention of the lumbopelvic zone.
Organic carbon generation in 3.5-billion-year-old basalt-hosted seafloor hydrothermal vent systems
Authors: Rasmussen Birger , Muhling Janet R.
Published: February 2023

Carbon is the key element of life, and its origin in ancient sedimentary rocks is central to questions about the emergence and early evolution of life. The oldest well-preserved carbon occurs with fossil-like structures in 3.5-billion-year-old black chert. The carbonaceous matter, which is associated with hydrothermal chert-barite vent systems originating in underlying basaltic-komatiitic lavas, is thought to be derived from microbial life. Here, we show that 3.5-billion-year-old black chert vein systems from the Pilbara Craton, Australia contain abundant residues of migrated organic carbon. Using younger analogs, we argue that the black cherts formed during precipitation from silica-rich, carbon-bearing hydrothermal fluids in vein systems and vent-proximal seafloor sediments. Given the volcanic setting and lack of organic-rich sediments, we speculate that the vent-mound systems contain carbon derived from rock-powered organic synthesis in the underlying mafic-ultramafic lavas, providing a glimpse of a prebiotic world awash in terrestrial organic compounds.
Lactate anion catalyzes aminolysis of polyesters with anilines
Authors: Wu Fengtian , Wang Yuepeng , Zhao Yanfei , Tang Minhao , Zeng Wei , Wang Ying , Chang Xiaoqian , Xiang Junfeng , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: February 2023

Chemical transformation of spent polyesters into value-added chemicals is substantial for sustainable development but still challenging. Here, we report a simple, metal-free, and efficient aminolysis strategy to upcycle polylactic acid by anilines over lactate-based ionic liquids (e.g., tetrabutylammonium lactate), accessing a series of
N
-aryl lactamides under mild conditions. This strategy is also effective for degradation of poly(bisphenol A carbonate), affording bisphenol A and corresponding diphenylurea derivatives. It is found that, with the assistance of water, lactate anion as hydrogen-bond donor can efficiently activate carbonyl C atom of polyesters via hydrogen bonding with carbonyl O atom; meanwhile, as hydrogen-bond acceptor, it can enhance nucleophilicity of the N atom of anilines via hydrogen bonding with amino H atom. The nucleophilic attack of N atom of anilines on carbonyl C atom of polyesters results in cleavage of C─O bond of polymers and formation of the target products.
Microbiology and Climate Change: a Transdisciplinary Imperative
Authors: Lennon J. T. , Frost S. D. W. , Nguyen N. K. , Peralta A. L. , Place A. R. , Treseder K. K.
Published: February 2023

Climate change is a complex problem involving nonlinearities and feedback that operate across scales. No single discipline or way of thinking can effectively address the climate crisis.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Bacillus pacificus CR121, a Fish Probiotic Candidate
Authors: Paul Sulav Indra , Khan Saif Uddin , Sarkar M. Khadiza , Foysal M. Javed , Salam Mohammad Abdus , Rahman M. Mahbubur
Published: February 2023

We describe a promising fish probiotic,
Bacillus pacificus
CR121, which was isolated from the intestine of a healthy Indian major carp species, rohu (
Labeo rohita
) and shown to possess
in vivo
disease prevention efficacy in
L. rohita
and
Oreochromis niloticus
. The genome sequence information will help us make use of the probiotic potential of this strain.
The Role of
luxS
in Campylobacter jejuni Beyond Intercellular Signaling
Authors: Ramić Dina , Jug Blaž , Šimunović Katarina , Tušek Žnidarič Magda , Kunej Urban , Toplak Nataša , Kovač Minka , Fournier Marjorie , Jamnik Polona , Smole Možina Sonja , Klančnik Anja
Published: February 2023

Campylobacter jejuni
is the world's leading foodborne bacterial pathogen of gastrointestinal disease in humans.
C. jejuni
is a fastidious but widespread organism and the most frequently reported zoonotic pathogen in the European Union since 2005. This led us to believe that
C. jejuni
, which is highly sensitive to stress factors (starvation and oxygen concentration) and has a low growth rate, benefits significantly from the
luxS
gene.
Oral Vaccination with Engineered Probiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri Has Protective Effects against Localized and Systemic Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Pan Na , Liu Yang , Zhang Haochi , Xu Ying , Bao Xuemei , Sheng Shouxin , Liang Yanchen , Liu Bohui , Lyu Yueqing , Li Haotian , Ma Fangfei , Pan Haiting , Wang Xiao
Published: February 2023

We systematically screened and evaluated protective effects of engineered
Lactobacillus
against
S. aureus
infection in terms of differing delivery vehicle strains and
S. aureus
antigens and in localized and systemic infection models. Engineered
L. reuteri
was developed and showed strong protective effects against both types of
S. aureus
-induced infection.
Supplemental Material: Insights into magma dynamics at Etna (Sicily) from SO2 and HCl fluxes during the 2008–2009 eruption
Authors: La Spina A. , al. et
Published: February 2023

Description of volcanic gas plume measurements by the OP-FTIR solar occultation method. 
Community mental health funding, stakeholder engagement and outcomes: a realist synthesis
Authors: Duncan Andrea , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Dainty Katie N , Wodchis Walter P , Kirst Maritt
Published: February 2023

Mental health services continues to be a high priority for healthcare and social service systems. Funding structures within community mental health settings have shown to impact service providers’ behaviour and practices. Additionally, stakeholder engagement is suggested as an important mechanism to achieving the intended goals. However, the literature on community mental health funding reform and associated outcomes is inconsistent and there are no consistent best practices for stakeholder engagement in such efforts.

Objectives

This study sought to understand how stakeholder engagement impacts outcomes when there is a change in public funding within community mental health settings.

Design

A realist synthesis approach was used to address the research question to fully understand the role of stakeholder engagement as a mechanism in achieving outcomes (system and service user) in the context of community mental health service reform. An iterative process was used to identify programme theories and context–mechanism–outcome configurations within the literature.

Results

Findings highlight that in the absence of stakeholder engagement, funding changes may lead to negative outcomes. When stakeholders were engaged in some form, funding changes were more often associated with positive outcomes. Stakeholder engagement is multifaceted and requires considerable time and investment to support achieving intended outcomes when funding changes are implemented.

Conclusions

To support successful transformation of community mental health programmes, it is important that stakeholders are meaningfully engaged during funding allocation changes. Stakeholder engagement may entail connecting around a shared purpose, individual participation and meaningful interactions and dialogue.
Individual physical activity, neighbourhood active living environment and mental illness hospitalisation among adults with cardiometabolic disease: a Canadian population-based cohort analysis
Authors: Gupta Neeru , Crouse Dan Lawson , Miah Pablo , Takaro Tim
Published: February 2023

Objectives

This population-based observational study explores the associations between individual-level and neighbourhood-level indices of active living with inpatient mental healthcare use among adults with an underlying chronic cardiometabolic condition.

Design and setting

Data from the 2013–2014 Canadian Community Health Survey were linked longitudinally to hospital records from the 2013/2014‒2017/2018 Discharge Abstract Database and to a geocoded measure of active living environments (ALE). Relationships between individuals’ leisure-time physical activity and neighbourhood ALE with risk of hospital admission for mental health disorders were assessed using multivariable Cox regressions.

Participants

A national cohort was identified from the survey data of 24 960 respondents aged 35 years and above reporting having been diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension and/or heart disease.

Outcome measure

Potentially avoidable hospitalisation for a mood, anxiety or substance use disorder over a 5-year period.

Results

More than half (52%) of adults aged 35 years and above with a cardiometabolic disease were physically inactive in their daily lives, and one-third (34%) resided in the least activity-friendly neighbourhoods. The rate of being hospitalised at least once for a comorbid mental disorder averaged 8.1 (95% CI: 7.0 to 9.3) per 1000 person-years of exposure. Individuals who were at least moderately active were half as likely to be hospitalised for a comorbid mental health problem compared with those who were inactive (HR: 0.50 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.65)). No statistically discernible associations between neighbourhood ALE and hospitalisation risks were found after controlling for individuals’ behaviours and characteristics, including in separate models stratified by age group and by sex.

Conclusions

The evidence base to support prioritisation of interventions focusing on the built environment favouring mental health-promoting physical activity among higher-risk adults at the population level, independently of individual-level behaviours and characteristics, remains limited.
Religious disparities in health in Bangladesh–the case of hypertension and diabetes: evidence from two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Haider M Moinuddin , Kamal Nahid , Bashar Mamun Ibn , Rahman Md Mahabubur , Khan Shusmita Hossain , Alam Nurul
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Religious affiliation, beliefs, and practices shape lifestyles and disease risks. This study examined Hindu–Muslim differences in the prevalence and management of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh, a religiously plural country with 91% Muslims and 8% Hindus.

Design, settings and participants

We used the nationally representative 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) and 2017–2018 BDHS data. The 2011 BDHS collected blood pressure (BP) data with an 89% response rate (RR) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) data (RR 85%) from household members aged 35 years and above. The 2017–2018 BDHS collected BP and FBG data from household members aged 18 years and above with 89% and 84% RRs, respectively. We analysed 6628 participants for hypertension and 6370 participants for diabetes from the 2011 BDHS, 11 449 for hypertension and 10 744 for diabetes from the 2017–2018 BDHS.

Methods

We followed the WHO guidelines to define hypertension and diabetes. We used descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression to examine the Hindu–Muslim differences in hypertension and diabetes, and estimated predicted probabilities to examine the changes in hypertension and diabetes risk over time.

Results

Nine in 10 of the sample were Muslims. About 31% of Hindus and 24% of Muslims were hypertensive; 10% of both Hindus and Muslims were diabetic in 2017–2018. The odds of being hypertensive were 45% higher among Hindus than Muslims (adjusted OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.71; p<0.001). The levels of awareness, medication and control of hypertension were similar between the religious groups. Between the 2011 and 2017–2018 BDHS, the Hindu–Muslim difference in the prevalence of hypertension increased non-significantly, by 3 percentage points.

Conclusions

Further studies on religious-based lifestyles, Hindu–Muslim differences in diet, physical activity, stress, and other risk factors of hypertension and diabetes are needed to understand Hindus’ higher likelihood of being hypertensive, in contrast, not diabetic compared with Muslims.
Arctic marine ecosystems face increasing climate stress
Authors: Deb Jiban Chandra , Bailey Sarah A.
Published: February 2023

Arctic warming is occurring at a much faster rate than in other parts of the globe, with potentially devastating consequences for the diverse array of species within ecologically and biologically sensitive areas in the Arctic marine region. However, climate change research in this region is sparse compared to other biomes, hindering conservation efforts. In this article, we review and synthesize the available literature to understand the observed and potential impacts of climate change on different species and ecosystems in the Arctic marine region. We reviewed 253 articles reporting changes in species and ecosystems in the Arctic marine region in response to climate change (225 studies documenting observed impacts and 28 reporting predicted impacts). The review revealed that most research effort has been concentrated in only a subset of Arctic Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs) (5/18 LMEs), with the majority of Arctic LMEs being poorly studied. The majority of the reviewed papers focused on marine mammals (19%) followed by microalgae (17%). A number of studies documented variability in planktonic communities (microalgae, macroalgae, zooplankton), resulting in alteration in ecosystem structure and function. Reproductive failure, decline in populations, and changes in diet composition, behavior, and breeding biology were reported for sea birds and mammals. Further, shifts in spatial distribution of fishes were observed by several studies. This review provides persuasive evidence that multiple climate change indices in the Arctic region are changing, with impacts on almost all components of marine biotic ecosystems (from plankton to top predators). We identify a number of gaps (such as limited inventory of biota, robustness of data supporting climate change indices on an Arctic Ocean scale, and climate suitability assessment for all species) in climate change research in Arctic marine ecosystems where future studies can help to quantify the impacts of climate change on species and ecosystems and advance understanding for their adaptive management.
Detection of ultra high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos with lunar orbital radio telescope
Authors: Chen Linjie , Wolt Marc Klein , Aminaei Amin , Buitink Stijn , Falcke Heino
Published: February 2023

Particle cascades induced by ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays and neutrinos impacting on the lunar regolith usually radiate Cherenkov radio emissions due to the presence of excess negative charge, which is known as Askaryan effect. Several experiments have been carried out to detect the Cherenkov radio emissions in the lunar regolith. To prepare for future lunar Ultra-Long Wavelength (ULW, frequencies below 30 MHz) radio astronomy missions, we study the detection of the Cherenkov radio emissions with the ULW radio telescope that are operating at the lunar orbit. We have carried out instrument modelling and analytic calculations for the analysis of aperture, flux and event rate, and the analyses show the detectability of the Cherenkov radiation. Based on the properties of the Cherenkov radiation, we have demonstrated that the cosmic ray and neutrino events could be reconstructed with the three ULW vector antennas onboard the lunar satellites via measurements of the Askaryan radio pulse intensity, polarizations, etc. The results obtained by this study would be useful for future lunar radio explorer mission, where the detections of UHE cosmic rays and neutrinos could be successfully attempted.
Real-Time Multi-Object Detection Using Enhanced Yolov5-7S on Multi-GPU for High-Resolution Video
Authors: Shaikh Shakil A. , Chopade Jayant J. , Sardey Mohini Pramod
Published: February 2023

Multiple objects tracking in a video sequence can be performed by detecting and distinguishing the objects that appear in the sequence. In the context of computer vision, the robust multi-object tracking problem is a difficult problem to solve. Visual tracking of multiple objects is a vital part of an autonomous driving vehicle’s vision technology. Wide-area video surveillance is increasingly using advanced imaging devices with increased megapixel resolution and increased frame rates. As a result, there is a huge increase in demand for high-performance computation system of video surveillance systems for real-time processing of high-resolution videos. As a result, in this paper, we used a single stage framework to solve the MOT problem. We proposed a novel architecture in this paper that allows for the efficient use of one and multiple GPUs are used to process Full High Definition video in real time. For high-resolution video and images, the suggested approach is real-time multi-object detection based on Enhanced Yolov5-7S on Multi-GPU Vertex. We added one more layer at the top in backbone to increase the resolution of feature extracted image to detect small object and increase the accuracy of model. In terms of speed and accuracy, our proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques.
Optimized ResUNet++-Enabled Blood Vessel Segmentation for Retinal Fundus Image Based on Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Improvement
Authors: Sau Paresh Chandra , Gupta Manish , Bansal Atul
Published: February 2023

In recent years, several studies have undergone automatic blood vessel segmentation based on unsupervised and supervised algorithms to reduce user interruption. Deep learning networks have been used to get highly accurate segmentation results. However, the incorrect segmentation of pathological information and low micro-vascular segmentation is considered the challenges present in the existing methods for segmenting the retinal blood vessel. It also affects different degrees of vessel thickness, contextual feature fusion in technique, and perception of details. A deep learning-aided method has been presented to address these challenges in this paper. In the first phase, the preprocessing is performed using the retinal fundus images employed by the black ring removal, LAB conversion, CLAHE-based contrast enhancement, and grayscale image. Thus, the blood vessel segmentation is performed by a new deep learning model termed optimized ResUNet[Formula: see text]. As an improvement to this deep learning architecture, the activation function is optimized by the J-AGSO algorithm. The objective function for the optimized ResUNet[Formula: see text]-based blood vessel segmentation is to minimize the binary cross-entropy loss function. Further, the post-processing of the images is carried out by median filtering and binary thresholding. By verifying the standard benchmark datasets, the proposed model outperforms and attains enhanced performance.