bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Truth, Knowledge, and “the Pretensions of Idealism”: A Critical Commentary on the First Part of Mendelssohn’s Morning Hours
Authors: Dahlstrom Daniel O.
Published: February 2021

Whereas research on Moses Mendelssohn’s Morning Hours has largely focused on the proofs for the existence of God and the elaboration of a purified pantheism in the Second Part of the text, scholars have paid far less attention to the First Part where Mendelssohn details his mature epistemology and conceptions of truth. In an attempt to contribute to remedying this situation, the present article critically examines his account, in the First Part, of different types of truth, different types of knowledge, and the case against idealism. The examination stresses potential but overlooked strengths of his account (e. g., a conception of immediate knowledge that is both far broader than the sensory field and distinctive for having change as its object), questions of ambiguity if not inconsistency in his concepts of existence and substance, and the potential import of these questions for the role he assigns to common sense.
Numeral classifiers in Sinitic languages: Semantic content, contextuality, and semi-lexicality
Authors: Wu Yicheng
Published: February 2021

Numeral classifiers have consistently been treated as lexical words (实词shicior 体词tici) by traditional Chinese grammarians but considered functional elements in most theoretical linguistic literature and treated as functionally equivalent to the definite article in English. In this paper, I point out that (i) unlike the definite articlethein English that denotes “definiteness” regardless of context, bare nouns and numeral classifiers in Sinitic languages indicate neither “definiteness” nor “indefiniteness” out of context; (ii) the analysis of equating Chinese numeral classifiers with English definite article is the consequence of mistaking an essentially pragmatic phenomenon for a grammatical one (Wu 2016. 语法性与语用性 Yufaxing yu yuyongxing [Grammaticality versus pragmaticality]. Shougao 手稿). Based on various sources of evidence, I demonstrate that the primary function of classifiers has remained unchanged, namely that of classification and individualization (cf. Bisang 1999. Classifiers in East and Southeast Asian languages: Counting and beyond. In Jadranka Gvozdanović (ed.),Numeral types and changes worldwide, 113–185. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter). Although bare [Cl+N] phrases and even bare classifiers in some Sinitic languages can sometimes be interpreted definitely, it is strictly subject to context and the pragmatic restriction of familiarity (Li and Bisang 2012. Classifiers in Sinitic languages: From individuation to definiteness-marking.Lingua122. 335–355). This is confirmed by our questionnaire survey that reveals that the grammatical feature of “definiteness” in these languages is invariably indicated by demonstratives. I thus conclude that numeral classifiers in Sinitic languages can be treated as belonging to the semi-lexical category in the sense of Corver and van Riemsdijk (2001.Semi-lexical categories: The function of content words and the content of function words. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter), which is in agreement with analyses of classifiers asfu mingci“quasi-nominals” (Lü 1953. Hanyu xuexi [Chinese learning]. Beijing: Chinese Youth Press) or “nominal auxiliaries” (Chao 1968.A grammar of spoken Chinese. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press).
Restructured phonological phrases in French: evidence from clash resolution
Authors: Post Brechtje
Published: February 2021

In common with English and German and many other languages, French has an accentual configuration that arises in clash contexts, here referred to as clash resolution. Experimental research has shown that clash resolution is bounded by the phonological phrase. Moreover, the optional application of clash resolution has provided evidence for the restructured phonological phrase. However, the conditions on restructuring that have been proposed in the literature have been found to make the wrong predictions in a number of cases. In contradiction to earlier claims, perceptual and acoustic evidence shows that lexical heads can also be restructured with their branching complements. In addition, an analysis of the phonetic evidence shows that clash resolution is characterized by the absence of a final pitch accent, while the simultaneous realization of an initial pitch accent on the stress-shift item is optional. In our conclusions, we will discuss the implications of these findings for a phonological account of clash resolution.
Mary Shepherd on Causal Necessity
Authors: Fantl Jeremy
Published: February 2021

Lady Mary Shepherd’s critique of Hume’s account of causation, his worries about knowledge of matters of fact, and the contention that it is possible for the course of nature to spontaneously change relies primarily on three premises, two of which – that objects are merely bundles of qualities and that the qualities of an object are individuated by the causal powers contributed by those qualities – anticipate contemporary metaphysical views in ways that she should be getting credit for. The remaining premise – that it is impossible for an object to begin to exist uncaused – seems more old fashioned. I argue that Shepherd can do without her old-fashioned premise and that she provides the materials for arguing that her remaining premises demonstrate a stronger anti-Humeanism than is maintained even by the contemporary representatives of those views, even though she may have to concede more to Humeanism than she would like.
Sequences of cantor type and their expressibility
Authors: Hančl Jaroslav , Šustek Jan
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with a criterion for sequences of Cantor type to have an expressible set with zero Lebesgue measure.
Crystal structure of poly[dipoly[aqua-di(µ2-pyrazin-2-olato-κ2
N:N′) zinc(II)], C8H8N4O3Zn
Authors: Zheng Huan , Feng Sisi , Lu Liping
Published: February 2021

C8H8N4O3Zn, tetragonal,

P

4
‾

c
2

$P‾{4}c2$

(no. 116), a = 7.340(1) Å, c = 18.285(4) Å, V = 985.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0404, ωR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1214, T = 100 K.
“Non potest non peccare”: Karl Barth on original sin and the bondage of the will
Authors: Tseng Shao Kai
Published: February 2021

This article offers an exposition of Karl Barth’s actualistic reorientation of the Augustinian notions of original sin and the bondage of the will in § 60 and § 65 of Church Dogmatics IV/1–2. Barth redefines human nature as a total determination of the human being (Sein/Dasein) “from above” by the covenantal history of reconciliation. Human nature as such remains totally intact in the historical state of sin. The human being, however, is also determined “from below” by the Adamic world-history of total corruption. With this dialectical construal of sin and human nature, Barth redefines original sin as the radically sinful activities and decisions that determine the confinement of human beings to the historical condition of fallenness. Barth also challenges the famous Augustinian account of the bondage of the will to which original sin gives rise, and uses the present active indicative to express his actualistic reorientation of the Augustinian notion of the bondage: “non potest non peccare”.
Do We Believe in Consequences? Revisiting the “Incoherence Objection” to Penal Substitution
Authors: Woznicki Christopher
Published: February 2021

Among recent assessments of penal substitutionary accounts of atonement one significant critique is Mark Murphy’s “incoherence objection.” In this essay I express general agreement with Murphy’s critique of penal substitution, yet I suggest that there is a way to reconceive the doctrine of atonement such that it is conceptually coherent, is commensurate with scripture, and is a version of penal substitution. I call this view: The Penal-Consequence View of Atonement. This is a view of atonement that makes use of a distinction between what I call “penal consequences” and “mere consequences.” The view is defended with special reference to the topics of corporate moral responsibility and union with Christ.
Mobile Robots and Autonomic Ambient Assisted
Living
Authors: Brady Guanitta , Sterritt Roy , Wilkie George
Published: February 2021

The use of Smart Environments in the delivery
of pervasive care is a research topic that has witnessed increasing
interest in recent years. These environments aim
to deliver pervasive care through ubiquitous sensing by
monitoring the occupants Activities of Daily Living. In order
for these environments to succeed in achieving their
goal, it is crucial that sensors deployed in the environment
perform faultlessly. In this research we investigate
addressing anomalous sensor behavior through the utilization
of a mobile robot. The robot’s role is twofold; it
must provide substitution in the presence of suspected
sensor faults and act as an observer of anomalous sensor
behavior in order to understand the changes that occur in
the behavior of sensors deployed within the environment
over time. The aim of this work is to explore a paradigm
shift to the use of Autonomic Ambient Assisted Living.We
have discovered that the use of a mobile robot is a viable
means of introducing this paradigm to a Smart Environment.
Clothing, Law and the Institution of the Subject’s Internal Normativity
Authors: Letellier Isabelle
Published: February 2021

Gender Studies have shown that gender is a social construct. In the paper, I argue that gender as a social construct should not hide its “Real” dimension: social constructs participate in what Lacan calls the Real. In this perspective, gender is conceived as a symptom built by the subject to protect itself against castration. The subject is therefore tied to its gender as it is tied to its symptom – in the psychoanalytical sense. It builds the image of gender in order to be able to enter in a relationship with the Other. In other words, the imaginarization of gender makes possible – paradoxically – for the subject to access the impossibility of a sexual relationship. Gender is therefore the result of the imaginarization of castration. Whereas the psychoanalytical reading has often been interpreted – especially in Gender Studies – through a structuralist view, I argue that the psychoanalytical approach to the construction of gender does not contradict its social determination. However, one may stress that social determination according to psychoanalysis cannot but be introduced by the symptom, that is by the subject itself and through the fantasied construction of its relationship with the Other. I suggest to read this psychoanalytical interpretation of gender with the notion of the institution as developed by Merleau-Ponty. Merleau-Ponty’s view of the institution is particularly relevant here for two reasons. First it overcomes the opposition between the subject and the social which are both instituted and instituting at the same time. Second, Lacan’s theory of sinthome which reads the symptom in terms of sexual relationship implicitly refers to Merleau-Ponty’s notion of the institution. I will show to what extent the Merleau-Pontian notion of the institution helps to conceive of the Real in gender understood as an intertwining of social and subjective construct. I claim that this view overcomes both a structuralist approach – which represses the historicity of the social – and a view which represses the function of gender in the subject’s construction and its symptom.
Post-Mabo White Settler Fables and the Negotiation of Native Title Legislation in Andrew McGahan’s The White Earth (2004)
Authors: Antor Heinz
Published: February 2021

In his novel The White Earth, Andrew McGahan engages with an important chapter in the history of his country, namely the period of the famous Mabo case of 1992, which overturned the doctrine of terra nullius, and the subsequent Native Title Act of 1993. This novel of initiation with gothic features draws attention to both the woeful history of the dispossession, maltreatment and partial elimination of Australian Aborigines and to the issue of how white Australians cope with this past as well as the guilt, anxieties, and loss of orientation this may create. The novel thus turns into a critical engagement with the legal history of race relations in Australia and probes possible paths for future change.
Ian Mc Ewan’s The Children Act: Minors’ Rights and Family Justice Perspectives in Italy and the UK
Authors: Cordiano Alessandra , Ligugnana Giovanna
Published: February 2021

Ian MacEwan’s The Children Act presents many interesting aspects of the often troubled relationship between childhood and the law. Fiona Maye, nearly 60, wise and respected judge of the High Court, faces the most dreadful family disputes and tries to solve them through fair decisions, showing expert and competent legal reasoning. The urgent case of a young boy, Jehovah’s Witness, suffering from leukaemia and refusing transfusion, leads Fiona to the most difficult decision, one that involves life and death, religious freedom and the child’s welfare. The novel constitutes the occasion for some reflections on the English Family Law system and minors’ protection – as settled by Parliament in The Children Act 1989 – and on the recent reforms of the Family Justice, aimed at improving the “private” resolution of family conflicts through mediation as a means of reducing the “expensive” Courts intervention.
Neftenbach (CH), Velika Gruda (YU), Kastanas (GR) und Trindhej (DK) – Argumente für einen Beginn der Spätbronzezeit (Reinecke Bz D) im 14. Jahrhundert v. Chr.
Authors: Della Casa Philippe , Fischer Calista
Published: February 2021

Seit Müller-Karpes grundlegender Arbeit zur Chronologie der Urnenfelderzeit nördlich und südlich der Alpen war die Diskussionsbasis für die zeitliche Verankerung des Beginns der Spätbronzezeit (Reinecke Bz D) nur unwesentlich erweitert worden. Mit Neftenbach (CH) und Velika Gruda (YU) liegen nun gleich zwei Serien von Präzisions- 14C-Daten aus neu ergrabenen, spätbronzezeitlichen Nekropolen vor. Das Material dieser Fundplätze erlaubt weiträumige Verknüpfungen, einerseits im cirkumalpinen Gebiet, andrerseits im südosteuropäischen Raum und bis nach Makedonien in die mykenische Welt. Die chronologische Fixierung dieser stark von überregionalen Elementen geprägten Βz-D-Fundgruppen noch im 14. Jahrhundert v. Chr. wird nicht nur von den kalibrierten 14C-Daten, sondern auch - zumindest indirekt - von den Dendrodaten nordeuropäischer Eichensärge der Montelius-Perioden II und III gestützt.
Grammaticalization of causatives and passives and their recent development into stance markers in Korean
Authors: Rhee Seongha , Koo Hyung Jung
Published: February 2021

This paper reports a unique state of affairs of "causatives" and "passives" in Korean. The two grammatical notions have long remained unstable due to the fact that certain morphological causatives and passives are formally identical and that these two no-tions are conceptually closely related. The paper also analyzes the processes involved in their development by tracing their paths to Middle Korean. In addition, it describes their recent change in Modern Korean, which has further complicated their usage, i.e. some of them have acquired an extended function as markers of the speaker’s attenuative stance to show politeness. This extension is motivated at the conceptual level by the demotion of agent to promote humility and the functional reinterpretation of existing forms; and, furthermore, at the socio-cultural level by political influence and language contact, among others. The current paper argues that this development involves diverse participating factors, i.e. discursive strategies, subjectification, inter-subjectification, and functional extension, and that linguistic variability may persevere over a long period of time.
Early Bronze Age metalwork in Central Anatolia – An archaeometric view from the hamlet
Authors: Geniş Evren Y. , Zimmermann Thomas
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung: Folgender Beitrag diskutiert die Ergebnisse von an Metallfunden der frühbronzezeitlichen Nekropole Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe in Zentralanatolien vorgenommenen Spektralanalysen. Da archäometrische Daten für Zentralanatolien im 3. Jahrtausend immer noch lückenhaft sind und bevorzugt Fundkomplexe früher Zentralorte berücksichtigt, Assemblagen aus dörflichen Ansiedlung jedoch bislang weitgehend unerschlossen sind, ist diese Studie in erster Linie als dringend benötigte Verbreiterung der Quellenbasis zu verstehen. Arsen-Kupferlegierungen bestehen neben „echten“ Bronzen (Kupfer-Zinn), Kontaminationen wie Nickel mögen Rückschlüsse auf bestimmte Lagerstätten zulassen. Die erzielten Resultate ergeben somit einen guten Einblick in Metallverwendung und Legierungstraditionen einer Kleinsiedlung in der jüngeren anatolischen Frühbronzezeit

Résumé: L’article ci-dessous présente les résultats d’analyses spectroscopiques menées sur un ensemble d’objets de l’âge du Bronze Ancien provenant de la nécropole de Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe en Anatolie centrale. Vu que les données archéométriques concernant le 3e millénaire av. J.-C. en Anatolie centrale sont encore fort rares, qu’elles proviennent surtout de grands centres occupés précédemment et que les ensembles provenant d’établissements ruraux n’ont presque pas fait l’objet de recherches, l’intention primaire de l’étude que nous présentons ici est d’attirer l’attention sur les données qui sont à notre disposition. Les alliages de cuivre et d’arsenic existent à côté de ‘vrais’ bronzes (alliages de cuivre et d’étain), et la contamination, par exemple par le nickel, peut fournir de nombreux indices sur la présence de dépôts spécifiques. Les résultats permettent de se faire une bonne idée de l’emploi des métaux et des techniques traditionnelles d’alliage utilisés dans un habitat mineur d’Anatolie vers la fin de l’âge du Bronze Ancien.

Abstract: The following contribution discusses the results of spectroscopic analyses carried out on metal artefacts from the Early Bronze Age cemetery of Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe in central Anatolia. Given that archaeometric data from 3rd- millennium BCE Central Anatolia are still quite sparse, tend to stem mainly from earlier central places, and the assemblages from village sites have so far remained largely unexplored, the study we present here is primarily intended to draw much needed attention to the data that are available. Copper-arsenic alloys exist alongside ‘true’ bronzes (copper-tin alloys), and contamination, for example by nickel, can yield much information about specific deposits. The results obtained provide good insights into the use of metals and traditional alloying techniques on a minor settlement at the end of the Anatolian Early Bronze Age.
Introducing the ORIGINS project: a community-based interventional birth cohort
Authors: Silva Desiree T. , Hagemann Erika , Davis Jacqueline A. , Gibson Lisa Y. , Srinivasjois Ravisha , Palmer Debra J. , Colvin Lyn , Tan Jamie , Prescott Susan L.
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose the greatest threat to human health globally. The dramatic rise in early onset NCDs – such as childhood obesity, the allergy epidemic and an increasing burden of mental ill health in children and youth – reflect the profound early impact of modern environments on developing systems. The ORIGINS Project is a research platform enabling world class investigation of early antecedent pathways to NCDs, and how to curtail these. As well as facilitating strategic long-term research capacity, ORIGINS is a pipeline for short-term productivity through a series of clinical trials, early interventions, mechanistic studies, and targeted research questions to improve maternal and paternal health and the early environment.

Methods

ORIGINS is a decade-long collaborative initiative between the Joondalup Health Campus (JHC) and the Telethon Kids Institute (TKI) to establish a Western Australian (WA) birth cohort of 10,000 families, enrolled during pregnancy. It is currently funded to follow up participating children and their families to five years of age. Comprehensive data and biological samples are collected from participants at up to 15 different timepoints, from the first antenatal clinic visit. In the process, ORIGINS is creating a major research platform, consisting of an extensive, world class biobank and databank. Of key strength and novelty, ORIGINS includes a series of harmonised nested sub-projects integrated with clinical and diagnostic services and providing real-time feedback to improve the health of individuals and the community.

Conclusions

At its core, ORIGINS aims to improve the health and quality of life of the next generation through improved pathways to optimise the early environment and reduce adversity by promoting primary prevention, early detection and early intervention. This dynamic, interactive, community-based project not only provides novel research capacity, productivity, collaboration and translational impact on future generations – it is also anticipated to have flow on benefits for community engagement, cohesion and purpose. This will provide a sentinel example for tailored replication in other communities around the world as part of interconnected grass root strategies to improve planetary health.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Aloizou Athina-Maria , Pateraki Georgia , Anargyros Konstantinos , Siokas Vasileios , Bakirtzis Christos , Liampas Ioannis , Nousia Anastasia , Nasios Grigorios , Sgantzos Markos , Peristeri Eleni , Dardiotis Efthimios
Published: February 2021

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most well-known autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system, and constitutes a major cause of disability, especially in young individuals. A wide array of pharmacological treatments is available, but they have often been proven to be ineffective in ameliorating disease symptomatology or slowing disease progress. As such, non-invasive and non-pharmacological techniques have been gaining more ground. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) utilizes the electric field generated by a magnetic coil to stimulate neurons and has been applied, usually paired with electroencephalography, to study the underlying pathophysiology of MS, and in repetitive trains, in the form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), to induce long-lasting changes in neuronal circuits. In this review, we present the available literature on the application of TMS and rTMS in the context of MS, with an emphasis on its therapeutic potential on various clinical aspects, while also naming the ongoing trials, whose results are anticipated in the future.
Systemwechsel in der Pflegeversicherung?
Authors: Meyer Dirk
Published: February 2021

In October 2004, in Germany a pre-operating study was started in order to prove the feasibility and consequences of the use of personal budgets by persons who are in need of nursing care. About 1.000 care dependent persons living in seven regions are included in this triannual study. For three years they receive a budget amounting to 100 percent of their right of benefit in kind according to the German compulsory long term care insurance. This budget has to be used exclusively for care-related services and must not be spent for assistance deliv­ered by family members or neighbours.

From socio-economic perspectives, the personal budget will result in a pro­motion of individuals instead of certain services or service institutions. An analysis shows, that the consequences might be an increased efficiency and effectiveness as well as structural changes within the supply of nursing care services. But to achieve these advantages, certain conditions must be provided. At first, the amount of the budget has to correspond to the individual need of care, which can change over time. Secondly, a misapplication of the personal fund has to be prevented without to exclude the potential of local or family dedication. And finally, new ways of quality assurance are requested due to the scope for development, which arises through deregulation.
Ertragsunabhängige Unternehmenssteuerbelastung im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Broer Michael
Published: February 2021

One of the federal government’s most important projects is its reform of business taxation, planned for 2008. The key elements of this reform, published in summer 2006, provide for a reduction in the nominal tax burden on corporations from 38.65 % to 29.8 %. In return, an aspect of German taxation, namely the Hinzurechnung method, by which the interest paid on long-term debt was added back onto profit and which up to now has applied only with respect to the trade tax collected by the municipalities, is to be extended to corporation tax and is to include all interest paid as well as the financing part of rents, hire and leasing amounts. The key elements did not mention what percentage was to be added back on. One aspect which is important in terms of the effect the 2008 reform of business taxation has on the tax burden on companies is whether, despite a reduction in the tax rate, extending the Hinzurechnung method will lead to an increase in the burden on companies from taxes not dependent on earnings, and how this burden fares in international comparison. Attempts are being made to answer this question using a microeconomic and a macroeconomic approach. It would appear that the amendments as set out in the key elements published would lead to an increase in Germany’s currently very low burden from taxes not dependent on earnings. However, it should also be noted that even if this burden were to experience a strong percentage rise, it would still be relatively low in international comparison. In contrast to the extension of the Hinzurechnung method used in trade tax, a critical view should be taken of any inclusion into corporate taxation of non-earnings-dependent elements.
What Drives Investment in Telecommunications Markets? Evidence from OECD Countries
Authors: Heimeshoff Ulrich
Published: February 2021

Recent studies provide clear evidence that the quality of telecommunications infrastructure has strong impacts on economic growth. Especially in Germany there is a controversial debate how to stimulate telecommunications investment to foster the introduction of Next Generation Networks. To find appropriate policies to enhance infrastructure investment one has to get a thorough understanding of the determinants of infrastructure investment. Using a panel consisting of 30 OECD countries for the period 1990 to 2011 and taking account of possible non-stationarities in aggregate data, we investigate the main drivers of telecommunications investment on an aggregate level applying dynamic panel data methods. Our main finding is an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita telecommunications investment and competition.
The Effect of Public Capital on Aggregate Output
Authors: Wesselhöft Jan-Erik
Published: February 2021

Based on new estimates of public and private capital stocks for 22 OECD countries we study the dynamic effect of public capital on the real gross domestic product using a vector autoregression approach. Whereas most former studies put effort on examining the effects of public capital in a single country, this paper covers a large set of OECD countries. The results show that public capital has a positive effect on output in the short-, medium- and long-run in most countries. In countries where the effect is negative, possible explanations as the different productivities of investments, crowding out or high growth rates of government debt are analyzed.
Nowcasting Regional GDP: The Case of the Free State of Saxony
Authors: Henzel Steffen R. , Lehmann Robert , Wohlrabe Klaus
Published: February 2021

We tackle the nowcasting problem at the regional level, using a large set of indicators (regional, national and international) for the years 1998 to 2013. We explicitly take into account the ragged-edge data structure and consider the different information sets faced by a regional forecaster within each quarter. It appears that regional survey results in particular improve forecasting accuracy. Among the 10% best performing models for the short forecasting horizon, one fourth contain regional indicators. Hard indicators from the German manufacturing sector and the Composite Leading Indicator for Europe also deliver useful information for the prediction of regional GDP in Saxony. Unlike national GDP forecasts, the performance of regional GDP is similar across different information sets within a quarter.
Determinants of house price dynamics. What can we learn from search engine data?
Authors: Oestmann Marco , Bennöhr Lars
Published: February 2021

There is a broad literature on determinants of house price dynamics, which received increasing attention in the aftermath of the subprime crisis. Additional to macroeconomic standard variables, there might be other hard to measure or even unobservable factors influencing real estate prices. Using quarterly data, we try to increase the informational input of conventional models and capture such effects by including Google search engine query information into a set of standard fundamental variables explaining house prices. We use the house price index (HPI) published by Eurostat to perform fixed-effects regressions for a panel of 14 EU-countries comprising the years 2005-2013. We find that Google data as a single aggregate measure plays a prominent role in explaining house price developments.
Money growth variability and output: evidence with credit card-augmented Divisia monetary aggregates
Authors: Liu Jinan , Serletis Apostolos
Published: February 2021

We reexamine the effects of the variability of money growth on output, raised by Mascaro and Meltzer (1983), in the era of the increasing use of alternative payments, such as credit cards. Using a bivariate VARMA, GARCH-in-Mean, asymmetric BEKK model, we find that the volatility of the credit card-augmented Divisia M4 monetary aggregate has a statistically significant negative impact on output from 2006:7 to 2019:3. However, there is no effect of the traditional Divisia M4 growth volatility on real economic activity. We conclude that the balance sheet targeting monetary policies after the financial crisis in 2007–2009 should pay more attention on the broad credit card-augmented Divisia M4 aggregate to address economic and financial stability.
Erlebniswert Olympischer Winterspiele in München 2018/ Experiential Value of Hosting the 2018 Winter Olympics in Munich
Authors: Preuß Holger , Werkmann Katrin
Published: February 2021

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, mittels der Contingent Valuation Methode (CVM) den Erlebniswert der Ausrichtung der Olympischen Winterspiele in München 2018 sowie den Stolz, diese Veranstaltung in Deutschland zu wissen, für die deutsche Bevölkerung monetär zu quantifizieren. Die Stichprobe zur Erfassung der sog. Zahlungsbereitschaft umfasst 1.011 Personen. Diese wurden mit Fragebögen dazu befragt, was sie dafür zu zahlen bereit wären, dass die Winterspiele 2018 in Deutschland stattfinden. Die Berechnung der gesamten aggregierten Zahlungsbereitschaft (ZB) der deutschen Bevölkerung erfolgt mittels zweier Szenarien, wonach sich insgesamt 535,4 Mio. € bzw. 787,4 Mio. € ergeben. Regressionsanalytische Auswertungen zeigen, dass die Sportbegeisterung und die Einstellung zu den Olympischen Spielen im Allgemeinen wesentliche Faktoren sind, die die ZB beeinflussen. Abschließend wird die CVM kritisch diskutiert und ihre Schwächen und Anwendungsrestriktionen dargestellt.
Strukturelle und kontextuelle Spezifika von selbstorganisierten Migrantensportvereinen / Structural and Contextual Aspects of Self-Organized Migrant Sports Clubs
Authors: Stahl Silvester , Wicker Pamela , Breuer Christoph
Published: February 2021

Der Beitrag behandelt strukturelle und kontextuelle Spezifika von selbstorganisierten Migrantensportvereinen auf statistischer Grundlage. Er beruht auf einer Sonderauswertung des für den Sportentwicklungsbericht 2009/2010 durch eine Befragung von Sportvereinen in ganz Deutschland gewonnenen Datensatzes (N=19.345). Durch univariate Varianzanalysen abgesicherte Mittelwertvergleiche zwischen den anhand ihrer Mitglieder- und Vorstandszusammensetzung als solche kategorisierten Migrantensportvereinen und den restlichen Vereinen der Stichprobe werden ergänzt durch eine Matched-Pairs- Analyse und eine Regressionsanalyse. Die dafür herangezogenen Vergleichsvariablen liegen in den Bereichen Mitgliederstruktur, Vereinstätigkeit, Standort und Problembelastung. Unter anderem haben Migrantensportvereine im Durchschnitt weniger Mitglieder und einen höheren Männeranteil, öfter Fußball im Angebot und häufiger existenzbedrohende Probleme als andere Sportvereine.
Zwischen Regelgebundenheit und diskretionären Spielräumen: Die Finanzierung des bundesdeutschen Spitzensports/ Between rule-based decisions and discretionary power: On the system of financing German elite sports
Authors: Emrich Eike , Pierdzioch Christian , Rullang Christian
Published: February 2021

Der Geschäftsbereich Leistungssport (GBL) des Deutschen Olympischen Sportbundes (DOSB) agiert als Common Agent („Diener zweier Herren“), nämlich der Sportverbände und des Bundes­ministern des Innern (BMI) bei der Verteilung der Sportfördermittel des BMI an die olympischen Spitzenverbände im DOSB. In diesem Beitrag wird theoriegeleitet ein Hypothesensystem entwickelt, welches beschreibt, nach welchen Kriterien der GBL bei der Verteilung der Mittel vorgeht. Es zeigt sich, dass neben den Bewertungskriterien, die im so genannten Förderkonzept 2012 formalisiert werden, diskretionäre Handlungsspielräume bestehen. Diese werden quantifiziert und mittels des Hypothesensystems interpretiert. Es wird diskutiert, wie die Problematik einer Common Agency entschärft werden kann.
Kult, Tora und Offenbarung
Authors: Gesundheit Shimon
Published: February 2021

Benno Jacob war nicht nur ein wichtiger Kritiker der literarhistorischen Bibelwissenschaft Julius Wellhausens, sondern er stand auch in der Behandlung allgemeinerer theologischer Themen im Widerspruch zu ihm. Gegenüber Julius Wellhausen verwies er zum Beispiel gegen eine zu starke Historisierung auf die Symbolsprache der Bibel, argumentierte für das biblische Gesetz als »wahres praktisches Evangelium« und hob es gemäß der Tora als göttliche Offenbarung hervor – wie sich anhand einer Durchsicht seiner veröffentlichten und bisher noch unveröffentlichten Werke zeigt.
Canu Aneirin Awdl LI revisited: Gildas and the Gododdin
Authors: Isaac Graham R.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this note is to reconsider the contents and significance of an awdl of the Gododdin which I discussed in an earlier article. It will be opportune first of all to recapitulate the form and meaning of the awdl, taking account of the recent edition of the Gododdin by John T. Koch.
Gutun Owain and his orbit: the Welsh bardic grammar and its cultural context in Northeast Wales
Authors: Matonis Ann T. E.
Published: February 2021

I began this study – as most studies are begun – with questions. What is the probable date of the composition of the bardic grammar? What were the circumstances of its composition? Was it originally intended as a manual of written instruction for bards whose instruction had been traditionally oral? How probable is it that a tract based on a Latin text would have been useful to Welsh bards? Why was it repeatedly copied by hand from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries, long after the disintegration of the bardic orders? Might historical events or the threat to Welsh culture ensuant on such events explain – or help to explain – why it enjoyed the attentive support of the higher clergy, uchelwyr, and emergent gentry across divergent social origins and political and religious divides?
Zinsbereinigung des Eigenkapitals im internationalen Steuerwettbewerb – Eine kostengünstige Alternative zu “Thin Capitalization Rules”?
Authors: Rumpf Dominik
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates the impact of an Allowance for Corporate Equity (ACE) on the expected tax revenues and on the international tax competition. Beginning with an analysis of the relation between the rate of return on equity and the interest rate on the capital market, this paper figures out some effects which cause surprisingly low net assets used to calculate the ACE. This yields to a strong impact on the financial structure of multicorporate enterprises although there is only a moderate decline in tax revenues. Focusing profit shifting via transfer prices, the ACE has no positive effect. Only a cut of the corporate tax rate is useful in this context. The relevance of these results is additionally affirmed by using the statistical data published by the “Deutsche Bundesbank”, the central bank of Germany, which includes an aggregated corporate balance sheet. All in all, the ACE can be seen as an alternative to the new German thin capitalization rules applied in 2008 (“Zinsschranke”). Additionally, the low tax revenue losses constitute a new advantage for the ACE as a blueprint for corporate tax reforms. This is also interesting because an ACE could reduce the negative effects on the financial structure of firms which accompanies the implementation of a low withholding tax on interests.
Kristall- und Molekülstruktur von bis -Methallylnickel Ni[(CH2)2C · CH]2
Authors: Uttech Rüdiger , Dietrich Hans
Published: February 2021

The crystal structure of bis-methallylnickel has been determined from three-dimensional x-ray diffraction data. The space group is P21/c-C5
2h with α = 6.05; 6 = 13,48; c = 5.83 Å; β = 117.1°. The unit cell contains 2 molecules with Ni in centres of symmetry. The methallyl groups are symmetrically bonded to the nickel in an anti-sandwich arrangement. This causes the intramolecular symmetry to be 2/m. The methallyl groups are found to be nonplanar and the Ni-C bonds are quite short (average 2.02 Å).
Phases and twinning in C2Al3B48 (beta AlB12)
Authors: Matkovich Υ. I. , Giese Κ. F. , Economy J.
Published: February 2021

Auszug

Die Aluminium-Bor-Phase, die kürzlich als β-AlB12 beschrieben wurde, besteht aus zwei kristallographisch verwandten, miteinander verwachsenen Phasen der Zusammensetzung C2Al3B48. Beide Phasen sind rhombisch. Die eine hat die Gitterkonstanten a = 12,34 Å, 6 = 12,63 Å, c = 5,08 Å und die Raumgruppe Cmma oder C2ma; bei der anderen ist a = 6,17 Å, 6 = 12,63 Å, c = 10,16 Å, mögliche Raumgruppen sind Ammm, A222 und A2mm.

Die Kristalle sind immer nach (110) und (110) verzwillingt. Gelegentlich entsteht eine ungewöhnliche Zwillingsverwachsung, in welcher die Richtungen der a- und 6-Achsen beider Phasen vertauscht sind. Das ist als ein Beweis für eine Umwandlung aus einer einzigen Hochtemperaturform anzusehen. Diese Umwandlung wurde auch röntgenographisch beobachtet. Die Hochtemperaturphase ist tetragonal mit o = 8,82 Å, c = 5,09 Å; ihre Raumgruppe ist P4/nmm, P4/n oder P42/n. Die reversible Umwandlung ist graduell und bei ungefähr 850° C vollständig.
The crystal structure of glauberite, CaNa2(SO4)2
Authors: Cocco G. , Corazza E. , Sabelli C.
Published: February 2021

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Die Kristallstruktur des Glauberits CaNa2(SO4)2 wurde bestimmt mit Fräzessions-Daten einer einkristallinen Kugel. Es ergaben sich 4 Moleküle in der monoklinen Zelle C6
2h-C2/c; mit a = 10,158, b = 8,333, c = 8,551 Å und β = 112° 20'. Die SO4-Tetraeder sind „regulär“. Ca ist von acht O umgeben (irreguläres quadratisches Antiprisma). Na zeigt Bindungen zu sieben O (in den Ecken und im Mittelpunkt einer Fläche eines stark verzerrten Oktaeders, oktaedrische Umgebung mit einer zentrierten Fläche). Als bester B-Wert ergab sich 9,0%.
Elastische und thermoelastische Eigenschaften von CaSO4 · 2H2O (Gips)
Authors: Haussühl S.
Published: February 2021

All elastic and thermoelastic constants of gypsum have been determined by ultrasonic methods. The observed elastic anisotropy shows close relations to other anisotropic properties. The thermoelastic anisotropy as well as the different deviations from the Cauchy relation cii = c9-i-i, 9-i-i are explained as typical for hydrogen bonds with a preferential orientation.
Growth of NaCl whiskers on NaCl single crystals
Authors: Patel A. B. , Vagh A. S. , Βahl O. P.
Published: February 2021

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NaCl-Haarkristalle bilden sich auf Natriumchlorid-Spaltfiächen beim Erhitzen im Muffelofen auf 785 °C. Die Haarkristalle wurden parallel zu ihrer Längsrichtung gespalten und in einer Mischung von Eisessig und Methylalkohol geätzt. Die Ätzfiguren sind, wie bei größeren Kristallen, auf den zusammengehörigen Spaltflächen in gleicher Weise angeordnet.
Systematic derivation of inorganic close-packed structures: AX and AX2 compounds, sequence of equal layers
Authors: Lima-De-Faria J.
Published: February 2021

Auszug

Ein System der anorganischen Verbindungen ΑΧ und AX2, die auf dichtester Kugelpackung beruhen und aus aufeinanderfolgenden gleichen Schichten großer Ionen X und kleiner Ionen A in den Lücken der ersten bestehen, wird abgeleitet. Die Ableitung stützt sich auf Stabilitätsbedingungen der Kristallstrukturen. Ein allgemeines Gesetz für die Verteilung der kleinen Ionen wird entwickelt. Für die in der Mitteilung behandelten Typen werden neue Bezeichnungen vorgeschlagen.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetically separable La1−x
Bi
x
Cr1−y
Fe
y
O3 and photocatalytic activity evaluation under visible light
Authors: Ghafoor Aamir , Bibi Ismat , Ata Sadia , Majid Farzana , Kamal Shagufta , Rehman Fariha , Iqbal Shahid , Aamir Muhammad , Slimani Yassine , Iqbal Munawar , Mailk Abdul
Published: February 2021

A series of Bi and Fe doped La1−x
Bi
x
Cr1−y
Fe
y
O3 (x = 0.00–0.10 and y = 0.02–0.12) perovskites were fabricated through a facile microemulsion method and were characterized by XRD, DC electrical-resistivity, dielectric, VSM, and UV–Visible measurements. Orthorhombic phase of synthesized substituted chromite nanocrystallite was confirmed by powdered XRD analysis with crystallite size in 47.8–32.9 nm range. DC electrical resistivity was observed to increase from 1.70–39.99 × 108 Ω-cm. Dielectric parameters analyzed in frequency range of 20 kHz–20 MHz were decreased, while magnetic parameters were observed to increase with the increase in dopant (Bi+3 and Fe+3) concentration. Whereas coercivity values was low (narrow hysteresis loop), which indicate the soft ferromagnetic of the prepared material materials which are quite useful to employ in storage devices and electronics. Moreover, La1−x
Bi
x
Cr1−y
Fe
y
O3 degraded 90.80% Rhodamine B dye under visible light irradiation within 55 min. The increase in electrical resistivity, while decrease in dielectric parameters was also observed with increase in dopant concentration, ferromagnetic nature and excellent photocatalytic properties make this material suitable for high frequency energy devices, microwave appliances as well as an excellent magnetically separable photocatalyst for the purification of contaminated wastewater.
Quantum chemical study of inner-sphere complexes of trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions on the corundum (110) surface
Authors: Polly R. , Schimmelpfennig B. , Flörsheimer M. , Rabung Th. , Kupcik T. , Klenze R. , Geckeis H.
Published: February 2021

Sorption plays a major role in the safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal. In the present theoretical study we focused on understanding the interaction of trivalent lanthanides and actinides (La3+, Eu3+ and Cm3+) with the corundum (110) surface. Optimization of the structures were carried out using density functional theory with different basis sets. Additionally, Møller-Plesset perturbation theory of second order was used for single point energy calculations. We studied the structure of different inner-sphere complexes depending on the surface deprotonation and the number of water molecules in the first coordination shell. The most likely structure of the inner-sphere complex (tri- or tetradentate) was predicted. For the calculations we used a cluster model for the surface. By deprotonating the cluster a chemical environment at elevated pH values was mimicked. Our calculations predict the highest stability for a tetradentate inner-sphere surface complexes with five water molecules remaining in the first coordination sphere of the metal ions. The formation of the inner-sphere complexes is favored when a coordination takes place with at most one deprotonated surface aluminol group located beneath the inner-sphere complex. The mutual interaction between sorbing metal ions at the surface is studied as well. The minimal possible distance between two inner-sphere sorbed metal ions at the surface was determined to be 530 pm.
Isolation of hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves extract, radioiodination and investigation of bioaffinity using in vivo/in vitro methods
Authors: Ozkan M. , Muftuler F. Z. Biber , Kilcar A. Yurt , Medine E. I. , Unak P.
Published: February 2021

It is known that medicinal plants like olive have biological activities due to their flavonoid content such as olueropein, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol etc. In current study, hydroxytrosol (HT) which is one of the major phenolic compounds in olive, olive leaves and olive oil, was isolated after methanol extraction and purification of olive leaves which are grown in the northern Anatolia region of Turkey. The isolated HT was radiolabeled with 131I (131I-HT) and the bioaffinity of this radiolabeled component of olive leaves extract was investigated by using in vivo/in vitro methods. It was found that HT could be radiolabeled with 131I in yields of 95.6±4.4% (n = 8), and in vivo studies showed that 131I-HT is taken up by urinary bladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, breast and prostate. Significant incorporation of activity was observed in cell lines via in vitro studies.
Study on cleaning solvents using activated alumina in PUREX process
Authors: Arai Y. , Ogino H. , Takeuchi M. , Kase T. , Nakajima Y.
Published: February 2021

The PUREX process is used to extract uranium and plutonium from dissolved solutions (spent nuclear fuel liquor). The extractant is 30% tributyl phosphate in n-dodecane, which is known to be degradable by radiation and nitric acid. Tributyl phosphate degradation products can generally be washed in alkali solutions like sodium carbonate solution; however, it is more difficult to remove n-dodecane degradation products using this method. A method of cleaning solvents using activated alumina is discussed in this study. A degradation sample of 30% TBP/n-dodecane was prepared by irradiating (1.6 MGy) with a 60Co gamma-source. The degradation products were then qualitatively analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). After being irradiated the solvents were cleaned with activated alumina, and a phase separation test with performed in evaluating the cleaned solvent. This resulted in the discovery of a procedure for the removal of n-dodecane degradation products of dodecanol and dodecanone, with about 70% of the degradation products, and the phase separation performance could be clearly improved through use of activated alumina.
Chlorination of antimony and its volatilization treatment of waste antimony-uranium composite oxide catalyst
Authors: Sawada K. , Enokida Y.
Published: February 2021

For the waste antimony-uranium composite oxide catalyst, the chlorination of antimony and its volatilization treatment were proposed, and evaluated using hydrogen chloride gas at 873–1173 K. During the treatment, the weight loss of the composite oxide sample, which resulted from the volatilization of antimony, was confirmed. An X-ray diffraction analysis showed that uranium oxide, U3O8, was formed during the reaction. After the treatment at 1173 K for 1 h, almost all the uranium contained in the waste catalyst was dissolved by a 3 M nitric acid solution at 353 K within 10 min, although that of the non-treated catalyst was less than 0.1%. It was found that the chlorination and volatilization treatment was effective to separate antimony from the composite oxide catalyst and change uranium into its removable form.