bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD1d-dependent natural killer T cells attenuate angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodelling via IL-10 signalling in mice
Authors: Wang Hong-Xia , Li Wen-Jun , Hou Cui-Liu , Lai Song , Zhang Yun-Long , Tian Cui , Yang Hui , Du Jie , Li Hui-Hua
Published: June 2018

Aims

CD1d is a member of the cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various antigen-presenting cells, which is recognized by natural killer T (NKT) cells. CD1d-dependent NKT cells play an important role in immune-mediated diseases; but the role of these cells in regulating cardiac remodelling remains unknown.

Methods and results

Cardiac remodelling was induced by angiotensin (Ang) II infusion for 2 weeks. Ang II-induced increase in hypertension, cardiac performance, hypertrophy and fibrosis, inflammatory response, and activation of the NF-kB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathways was significantly aggravated in CD1d knockout (CD1dko) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, but these effects were markedly abrogated in WT mice treated with α-galactosylceramide (αGC), a specific activator of NKT cells. Adoptive transfer of CD1dko bone marrow cells to WT mice further confirmed the deleterious effect of CD1dko. Moreover, IL-10 expression was significantly decreased in CD1dko hearts but increased in αGC-treated mice. Co-culture experiments revealed that CD1dko dendritic cells significantly reduced IL-10 mRNA expression from NKT cells. Administration of recombinant murine IL-10 to CD1dko mice improved hypertension, cardiac performance, and adverse cardiac remodelling induced by Ang II, and its cardioprotective effect was possibly associated with activation of STAT3, and inhibition of the TGF-β1 and NF-kB pathways.

Conclusion

These findings revealed a previously undefined role for CD1d-dependent NKT cells in Ang II-induced cardiac remodelling, hence activation of NKT cells may be a novel therapeutic target for hypertensive cardiac disease.
Van Gennep Meets Ontological (In)Security: A Processual Approach to Ontological Security in Migration
Authors: Gazit Orit
Published: June 2018

This article utilizes van Gennep's neglected theory of territorial passages to answer two key questions in the study of ontological security (OS) in migration. First, why do the members of the receiving society lose their perceived sense of OS in face of a mass of strangers arriving at their gates? Second, how, if at all, do they attempt to reconstitute it while incorporating the strangers into their world? Following the recent call within OS studies in international relations (IR) to spell out the social mechanisms that facilitate the anxiety and uncertainty of the agents, I use the case of the German societal response to the 2015 refugee crisis to demonstrate that van Gennep's classical approach, far from being structural and functionalist, offers an advanced, power-informed, and processual perspective for uncovering a possible sociosymbolic mechanism behind the perceived “losing” and “re-finding” of OS in migratory encounters. The article delineates the principles of a “thick” approach to OS in migration, explains how van Gennep's theory adds to this approach, and highlights the ultimate unattainability of OS as an essentialist category that is either “present” or “absent” throughout the migratory encounter. It concludes by discussing the added value of van Gennep's theory to the study of OS in the contemporary global milieu of the “age of migration.”
VEGF-C sustains VEGFR2 activation under bevacizumab therapy and promotes glioblastoma maintenance
Authors: Michaelsen Signe R , Staberg Mikkel , Pedersen Henriette , Jensen Kamilla E , Majewski Wiktor , Broholm Helle , Nedergaard Mette K , Meulengracht Christopher , Urup Thomas , Villingshøj Mette , Lukacova Slávka , Skjøth-Rasmussen Jane , Brennum Jannick , Kjær Andreas , Lassen Ulrik , Stockhausen Marie-Thérése , Poulsen Hans S , Hamerlik Petra
Published: June 2018

Background

Glioblastoma ranks among the most lethal cancers, with current therapies offering only palliation. Paracrine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling has been targeted using anti-angiogenic agents, whereas autocrine VEGF/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling is poorly understood. Bevacizumab resistance of VEGFR2-expressing glioblastoma cells prompted interrogation of autocrine VEGF-C/VEGFR2 signaling in glioblastoma.

Methods

Autocrine VEGF-C/VEGFR2 signaling was functionally investigated using RNA interference and exogenous ligands in patient-derived xenograft lines and primary glioblastoma cell cultures in vitro and in vivo. VEGF-C expression and interaction with VEGFR2 in a matched pre- and post-bevacizumab treatment cohort were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and proximity ligation assay.

Results

VEGF-C was expressed by patient-derived xenograft glioblastoma lines, primary cells, and matched surgical specimens before and after bevacizumab treatment. VEGF-C activated autocrine VEGFR2 signaling to promote cell survival, whereas targeting VEGF-C expression reprogrammed cellular transcription to attenuate survival and cell cycle progression. Supporting potential translational significance, targeting VEGF-C impaired tumor growth in vivo, with superiority to bevacizumab treatment.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate VEGF-C serves as both a paracrine and an autocrine pro-survival cytokine in glioblastoma, promoting tumor cell survival and tumorigenesis. VEGF-C permits sustained VEGFR2 activation and tumor growth, where its inhibition appears superior to bevacizumab therapy in improving tumor control.
Introduction
Authors: Shapiro Lisa
Published: June 2018

This chapter provides an overview of Pleasure: A History. The book traces a narrative in four acts. The first act shows how ancient Greek and medieval philosophers from both the Islamic and Latin traditions were concern with unifying the variety of pleasures. In the second act, early modern European philosophers became focused on pleasure as psychological. The third act shows how in the nineteenth century pleasure become of the object of scientific psychology. The book concludes by showing how contemporary psychology and philosophy are recognizing the shortcomings of the scientific approach and returning to questions from earlier in the story to enrich the approach. The introduction also provides chapter summaries and recognizes key figures who have been omitted.
Two Platonic Criticisms of Pleasure
Authors: Fletcher Emily
Published: June 2018

Does Plato have a consistent view about the nature and value of pleasure? In the Phaedo, pleasure is the primary obstacle to a philosopher’s pursuit of wisdom, while the Republic presents the philosopher’s life as the most pleasant. In the Gorgias, Plato’s character Socrates rejects hedonism by showing that the ceaseless pursuit of pleasure is foolish, but in the Philebus Socrates argues that the best human life requires some pleasures. There is more continuity in Plato’s views about pleasure than one might think from these conflicting assessments. In particular, there are two distinctively Platonic criticisms of pleasure: (1) that pleasure is essentially linked with pain, and (2) that pleasure produces false beliefs. These criticisms recur throughout the corpus, but they do not apply uniformly to all pleasures. Plato eventually recognizes a special class of pleasures that are immune to these criticisms and play an important role in the best life.
Malebranche on Pleasure and Awareness in Sensory Perception
Authors: Shapiro Lisa
Published: June 2018

Malebranche, in his telling of the Fall of Man, provides the core of his account of our distinctively human perception. At the moment of the Fall, Adam comes to see the apple not simply as something serving his self-preservation, but as an object with particular properties. The key to that shift is the pleasure Adam takes in the apple. This puzzling account sheds light on both Malebranche’s account of the ‘interior sentiment’ that constitutes our phenomenal consciousness of objects and his account of sensation as natural judgments. Malebranche positions pleasure as centrally involved in sensory perception in helping structure our representations. For him, it is neither representational in itself nor epiphenomenal.
Reflection
Authors: Grant Roger Mathew
Published: June 2018

This short Reflection considers the question of how music has the ability to elicit pleasure in its listeners. Although some early modern aesthetic theorists held music low in their estimations because of its perceived lack of mimetic capabilities, later eighteenth-century thinkers took music’s indefinite signification to be its greatest virtue. For critics like Dennis Diderot and Christian Goffried Krause, the difficulty of following and interpreting the sounds of complex music afforded a distinct pleasure. This reflection engages their ideas in the context of the interweaving melodies of J. S. Bach’s Fugue in C Major from book 1 of The Well-Tempered Clavier.
Reflection
Authors: Kring Ann M. , Sanchez Amy H.
Published: June 2018

Many people with schizophrenia have the symptom of anhedonia, which refers to diminished experience of pleasure. Interestingly, however, one of the most well-replicated affective science findings in schizophrenia is that people with schizophrenia report experiencing similar (or slightly less) amounts of pleasure and positive emotion compared to those without schizophrenia in the presence of emotionally evocative stimuli (e.g., films, food) and in daily life. If people with schizophrenia experience pleasure and positive emotion, how can they have anhedonia? Our research has shown that people with schizophrenia report expecting less pleasure from enjoyable activities, and experience less pleasure when anticipating future events, than people without schizophrenia. However, when participating in pleasant activities, people with and without schizophrenia report experiencing the same amount of pleasure. The example of anhedonia in schizophrenia illustrates the multifaceted nature of pleasure, showing that it emerges from interacting cognitive, affective, and motivational systems.
ARC Stages and Component Tools
Authors: Hemmelgarn Anthony L. , Glisson Charles
Published: June 2018

This chapter describes the 12 component tools of ARC within three stages of the ARC model. The first stage of collaboration focuses on ARC component tools for relationship, network, and leadership development. These tools establish the foundational relationships and conceptual development of leaders necessary to begin ARC’s second stage. In the participation stage, component tools such as team building, participatory decision making, and feedback (as well as others) are introduced to illustrate how ARC builds effective teams that apply ARC tools to improve services quality. Innovation represents the third stage as ARC participants employ the tools in a continuous improvement process to eliminate barriers to effective services, drive job redesign, and assure stabilization for sustainable improvement.
Mission-driven versus Rule-driven Human Service Organizations
Authors: Hemmelgarn Anthony L. , Glisson Charles
Published: June 2018

This chapter explains how mission-driven organizations require that all administrative, managerial, and service provider behavior and decisions contribute to improving the well-being of clients. This principle addresses the threat posed by the conflicting organizational priority of relying on bureaucratic processes and rules to guide policy and practice decisions. The description of mission-driven versus rule-driven organizations includes case examples, empirical evidence supporting the principle, and discussion of the central of role of aligning organizational priorities to focusing on improving client well-being. The chapter explains what it means to be mission driven, the role of leadership in supporting the principle, and why it is important. The chapter also describes the mechanisms that link being mission driven to effective services, including maintaining clear direction for all organizational members in their work, promoting motivation and shared purpose and fostering innovation. A case example illustrates ARC’s success to become more mission-driven.
Relationship-centered versus Individual-centered Human Service Organizations
Authors: Hemmelgarn Anthony L. , Glisson Charles
Published: June 2018

The chapter explains that relationship-centered organizations place a priority on developing and sustaining a network of inter-organizational and intra-organizational relationships to serve clients. Case studies drawn from the authors’ experiences in human service organizations illustrate the application of this principle, including ensuring that strong networks are in place to serve clients and maintaining underlying beliefs, assumptions, and mindsets of service providers that support network development. Research and examples illustrate the importance of establishing effective relationships among service providers, between service providers and clients, and throughout the network of stakeholders associated with clients. A case study illustrates how the ARC process fosters a relationship-centered approach with external stakeholders to achieve client success.
Introduction
Authors: Hartman Laura M.
Published: June 2018

This chapter establishes flourishing as an ethical issue. The chapter explores unequal human flourishing, as well as human flourishing that comes at the cost of ecosystem health, both of which occur in a case study of the oil fields of the Niger Delta. The history of the concept of flourishing follows, from its origin as one translation of Aristotle’s central concept, eudaimonea—the goal of all human lives, the necessary effect of a life of virtue—to its expansion into religious belief. The chapter then introduces the book by reference to the fields of comparative religious ethics and religious environmental ethics. Finally, the chapter introduces the method and contents of the volume.
Buddha, Aristotle, and Science
Authors: Sciberras Colette
Published: June 2018

This chapter compares Western philosophical and scientific foundations with Buddhist philosophies on the topic of flourishing in nature. It argues that flourishing is good by querying the purpose of nature, the existence of God and the good. Defining flourishing in terms of Aristotle’s final cause, and questioning some of the assumptions of the founders of modern science, the chapter presents a common quandary—whether science and faith are reconcilable. Through attempting to steer a Middle way between belief in eternal souls, gods and divine purposes, and the depressing conclusions of nihilists and (some) atheists, it suggests that Buddhism can be seen as scientific, if the definition of what counts as an ‘observation’ is widened. Then, by weaving together Buddhism and Aristotle, the chapter makes the case for the positive value of flourishing in nature and among humans.
All God’s Creatures Are Communities Like You (Qur’an 6:38)
Authors: Robinson-Bertoni Sarah E.
Published: June 2018

This chapter builds a careful case for eco-halal meat, using analysis of key traditional sources, the Quran and hadith, other Muslim literature, and contemporary perspectives and practices. The chapter draws out themes of care and trusteeship from Muslim traditions affirming human responsibilities toward animals, land, and water, protecting their safe and moderate agricultural use. Further, eco-halal practices combine humane slaughter, land and water stewardship, and ethical consideration by eaters toward people who work in agriculture and meat production. The chapter assembles a critical-constructive chorus against factory-farm abuses, unnatural practices, and pollution. These voices concur that Muslims may avoid factory farms and pursue eco-halal meat as an expression of religious responsibility toward the balance and flourishing of lands, waters, and animal communities, which are temporarily and divinely entrusted to the current generation.
Yoga Bodies and Bodies of Water
Authors: Miller Christopher Patrick
Published: June 2018

This chapter analyzes the confluence of environmental politics, biopolitics, and the cultural role of yoga in India. It begins with an overview of India’s current economic development challenges and shows how the country’s current prime minister has subsumed both yoga bodies and water bodies into biopolitical discourse to support a neoliberal economic boom that will contribute to the proliferation of anthropogenic climate change. The chapter then argues that alternative forms of yoga aimed at nurturing intimacy between the human body and the natural world are helping to prevent unnecessary climate-change-producing development activities in India, including the river-linking project and other massive hydroelectric projects that threaten India’s riparian environments.
Understanding a “Broken World”
Authors: Bell Dianna
Published: June 2018

The chapter and the Mali field research it is based on reveal how Muslim subjects in Mali encounter climate change and respond to it with a fascinating and creative blend of religious and political ideas. Ethnographic anecdotes relate the environmental changes that people in Ouélessébougou have confronted during their lifetimes and illustrate how residents dealt with the causes of climate change. In southern Mali, residents’ religious beliefs and practices played a central role in their interpretations of climate change and their criticisms of the moral state of the world in their blend of politics, religion, and ethics to assess causality and find meaning in chronic, climate-change-related drought.
Intertextually Modified Organisms
Authors: Epstein-Levi Rebecca J.
Published: June 2018

The chapter examines genetic engineering through analogy with the Torah: if Judaism permits rabbis, in some very specific circumstances, to alter the text of the sacred Torah, might it not also permit alteration of the “sacred text” of a plant’s genome? The chapter carefully plots these specific circumstances and their plant-based analogues to argue, with a comparison of genetic and scriptural languages, for respectful “dialogical engagement” to promote human and nonhuman flourishing. While not offering a clear answer to a challenging issue, the purpose is to establish the beginning of a religiously and textually attentive ethical framework with which to evaluate genetic technology.
Flourishing in Crisis
Authors: Phillips Jennifer
Published: June 2018

This chapter examines the tradition of Roman Catholic social teachings. Of particular interest and power is Pope Francis’s environmental encyclical, Laudato Si’, which connects and condemns both ecological and economic crises, exposes the weakness of technocratic thought, and offers a theological paradigm to replace it. The chapter also examines the social teachings on flourishing, those doctrines’ pertinence to environmental care, and the Church’s response to the contemporary ecological crisis. Finally, this chapter underscores the Catholic social teachings’ profound connections between poverty and ecological crises, and it pushes that tradition provocatively, in dialogue with non-Catholic environmentalists, to more fully consider animals and gender.
Dialogue
Authors: Epstein-Levi Rebecca J. , Phillips Jennifer
Published: June 2018

This dialogue brings together work on Rabbinic Judaism and Roman Catholicism to introduce the economic and feminist implications of the authors’ respective chapters on genetically modified organisms and Catholic environmental ethics. The authors frame ecological thriving, technological development, and the relation between the two as feminist concerns. Further, they consider the potential and/or limits of their source traditions for feminist engagement. Their discussion affirms the importance of naming unjust power structures, while cautioning against preemptive restrictions that may inhibit promising research and therefore undermine efforts to address injustice. This dialogue illuminates both the potential for innovation and the challenges in comparative religious ethical dialogue.
Interfaith Environmentalism and Uneven Opportunities to Flourish
Authors: Baugh Amanda J.
Published: June 2018

The chapter explores two communities—a Unitarian women’s urban garden and a green mosque—to examine motivations and effects of both “mainstream” and “alternative” environmental practices. Both the gardening group and the members of the ecofriendly mosque enacted religious environmental projects through partnerships with a Chicago-based interfaith environmental nonprofit. As the groups combined principles of environmental stewardship and justice, along with interfaith cooperation, these projects seem to represent interfaith environmentalism at its best. But the chapter calls readers to acknowledge that discussions of human and earth flourishing must recognize the diversity among humans. Not all humans are accorded equal opportunities to flourish.
Developing a Mengzian Environmental Ethic
Authors: Cottine Cheryl
Published: June 2018

The chapter creates the framework for a Mengzian environmental ethic by reference to respect and restraint, relying primarily on ancient Confucian texts. These qualities underpin a “tempered anthropocentrism” because a synthesis of role-based virtue and sensitivity to larger ecological forces may, when synthesized, be key to human and earth flourishing. And two competing Confucian and ecology schools might find reconciliation in a shift in focus to some of the earliest Confucian texts—particularly the Mengzi, one of the most important and influential Confucian texts next to Confucius’s Analects—and, in the process, find richer intellectual resources to help address the numerous environmental issues that China faces today.
Conclusion
Authors: Hartman Laura M.
Published: June 2018

This concluding chapter assesses the volume’s achievements and synthesizes major themes, including mysticism and the nature of reality; politics, power, and inclusion; and relational or responsive human agency. The chapter describes how themes were treated in unique and particular ways and how emphases created bridges of commonality, as well as insight and inspiration. Discussion about the purposes behind the dialogues and the process of creating them leads to examination of the connection between and among the participants as they ventured into metaphysics and reached conclusions about stewardship. An invitation to the reader for further exploration suggests topics such as water, land use, and climate change, for a better understanding of human and nonhuman flourishing.
Tolerance
Authors: Johansen Birgitte Schepelern
Published: June 2018

In public campaigning and NGO mobilization against hate crimes, tolerance is often called upon as the antidote to hate. Yet, while tolerance in its classical liberal versions is a balanced negative attitude in contexts of profound disagreements, when mobilized in the context of fighting hate, tolerance loses its negative emotional component. This happens, the chapter argues, because the anti-hate activities promote an understanding of difference (racial, ethnic, religious, sexual, etc.) in which acts and beliefs are largely invisible. Instead, what is foregrounded is political being. Such an understanding of difference may work well to underscore the irrationality of harboring hate against them, but it significantly alters the meaning of tolerance. When the fundamental message in the anti-hate mobilization is that these differences are illegitimate sites of aversion, what we are left with is a simplified dichotomy between either hate or tolerance as benign acceptance or even warm embrace.
Introduction
Authors: Brogaard Berit
Published: June 2018

Seeing and Saying is an extended defense of the view that visual experience in creatures like us is fundamentally representational. The majority of the author’s arguments rest on the semantics of ‘seem’, ‘look’, and ‘see’ and the corresponding mental states. In the introduction to the book, the author reflects on the question of what has caused the relatively sudden interest in the question of whether experience is representational, as witnessed in the last two decades. The author then discusses the common complaint against the argumentative strategy that language cannot in general be thought to provide insight into the nature of the world. Finally, the author provides an overview of the main arguments and the structure of the book.
The Semantics of ‘Appear’ Words
Authors: Brogaard Berit
Published: June 2018

In this initial chapter, the author establishes her framework for discussion of perceptual verbs like ‘look’, ‘see’, ‘seem’. Perceptual reports are particular speech acts made by utterances of sentences that contain a perceptual verb. More specifically, they are assertions made by utterances of these sentences. Perceptual reports assert how objects in the world and their perceptible property instances are perceived by subjects. A subset of these reports purport to assert how objects in the world and their visually perceptible property instances are visually perceived by subjects. This chapter is primarily concerned with the semantics of ‘seem’ and ‘look’, which—it is argued—subject-raising verbs. Subject-raising verbs function as intensional operators at the level of logical form, just like ‘it is possible’, ‘it was the case’, and ‘it might be the case’. The author’s main argument for the representational view rests on this fact about ‘seem’ and ‘look’.
Arguments Against the Representational View
Authors: Brogaard Berit
Published: June 2018

This chapter defends the representational view of visual experience against objections by Brewer, Siegel, Johnston, and Travis. Four problems are discussed: (1) the generality problem, or how to account for the specificity of visual experience; (2) how to explain illusions; (3) how the representational view can be true of all the visual experiences that we have, including brain grey, pink glow, after-images and phosphenes; and (4) how the phenomenology of visual experience can determine a unique representational content, given that there are indefinitely many different environments that could give rise to any particular look. The author takes on each of these objections and shows why they fail.
Seeing Things
Authors: Brogaard Berit
Published: June 2018

In this chapter, the author argues that the English verb ‘see’ is an intensional transitive, like the search word ‘look for’. She argues that ‘see’ is akin to ‘look for’, both when it takes a noun-phrase complement (the objectual use) and when it takes a ‘that’-clause as its complement (the propositional use). This proposal goes against common wisdom to the effect that ‘see’ is a factive, non-intensional verb. The main argument of the chapter proceeds by showing that the objectual use of ‘see’ can be analyzed in terms of the propositional use. It then establishes that when used propositionally, ‘see’ functions as an intensional transitive. Finally, the author argues that the idea that ‘see’ is an intensional transitive provides evidence for a representational view of experience.
No Small Hope
Authors: Reinert Kenneth A.
Published: June 2018

This book argues in favor of an approach to global policy priorities that emphasizes the attempt to put a minimal set of basic goods and services into the hands of everyone. This universal provision of basic goods and services includes nutritious food, clean water, sanitation, health services, education services, housing, electricity, and human security services. The book argues that this policy focus is appropriate both for practical and ethical reasons, but that success in this provision will not be easy and therefore is no small hope. Basic goods and services meet central and objective human needs. The basic goods approach tries to form a bridge between the standard growth perspective on development and the capabilities/human development perspective. What really matters about growth is the possibility that growth will lead to an increase in the broad-based provision of basic goods and services, an outcome that is not always guaranteed. The hoped-for expansion of human capabilities and development is predicated on this expanded provision of basic goods, and the expanded provision of basic goods and services also can promote growth. In these ways, basic goods and services are critical link between growth and human development. The book explores each of the identified basic goods and services, the basic rights to them, and the many challenges to be overcome in their expanded provision.
Growth and Capabilities
Authors: Reinert Kenneth A.
Published: June 2018

This chapter critically reviews the standard growth perspective to development policy and contrasts it with the capabilities approach and human development paradigms. It reviews the research on the causes of growth and assesses the role of growth in development. It argues that, although important, growth is not always as necessary as alleged for some advances in human development, including health. It also argues that growth can be dependent on minimal levels of basic goods provision. The chapter characterizes the capabilities approach as overly aspirational and suggests that it downplays the actual determinants of capabilities expansion. Without a focus on determinants, desired outcomes cannot be achieved.
Health Services
Authors: Reinert Kenneth A.
Published: June 2018

This chapter considers health services as a basic good that satisfy critical basic human needs for maintaining minimal levels of well-being. It considers the widespread nature of health services deprivation and the consequent negative health impacts. The chapter examines the subsistence right to health services and the role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It doing so, it makes a distinction between the right to health services and the right to health itself, favoring the former. It also examines the leading causes of death, child survival, the provision of health services to poor people, essential medicines, medical brain drain, antimicrobial resistance, and pandemics.
Human Security
Authors: Reinert Kenneth A.
Published: June 2018

This chapter introduces the concept of human security and relates the concept to the basic goods approach. It considers the widespread nature of human security deprivation and the consequent negative impacts for well-being and safety. The chapter examines the right to human security and the central role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It considers the related concepts of the right to protect and humanitarian space, the many causes of human insecurity, the contribution of the drug and arms trade to human insecurity, and the various kinds of costs and impacts of human insecurity. It concludes with a brief consideration of various means to better provide human security services.
No Small Hope
Authors: Reinert Kenneth A.
Published: June 2018

This concluding chapter reviews the basic goods approach, its intellectual sources, and its practical importance. It emphasizes the role of basic goods as basic rights and connects these basic subsistence rights to the tradition of moral minimalism in political philosophy. It questions the claims of technological optimists and calls for a “rational pessimism” in the setting of global policy priorities. It also proposes a set of ten basic development goals to replace the current and often criticized sustainable development goals. It considers the feasibility of basic goods provision using back-of-the-envelope calculations, concluding that the goal of universal basic goods provision is indeed feasible.
Introduction
Authors: Gillespie Caitlin C.
Published: June 2018

The introduction outlines the aims of the book and justifies the thematic approach. It discusses the complications in establishing the details of Boudica’s life and revolt due to the lack of contemporary literary accounts, and the need to juxtapose written narratives against material evidence of late Iron Age and early Roman Britain in order to gain a more comprehensive picture. This study analyzes literary and material evidence alongside comparative figures of female leadership and rebellion, from the seer Veleda to Cartimandua, queen of the Brigantes. The interpretation of Tacitus’s and Cassius Dio’s narratives of the rebellion takes into account authorial bias, the overarching goals of each author’s works, and the relationship between Rome and Britain during their lifetimes. An overview of scholarship on Boudica and the history of Roman Britain reveals complexities in the discourse surrounding this topic, from the outmoded idea of “Romanization” to the colonial connotations of “tribe.”
Britain
Authors: Gillespie Caitlin C.
Published: June 2018

Chapter 1 establishes the historical timeframe for Roman Britain and places Boudica’s revolt in the context of Roman imperial expansion. The early history of Roman Britain shows the impact of the Romans from the time of Julius Caesar onward. After Claudius’s conquest of Britain in AD 43, Boudica’s Iceni rebelled unsuccessfully in AD 47/48. After the death of her husband Prasutagus, a number of issues combined to spark the revolt of AD 60/61. This chapter details Boudica’s revolt, focusing on discrepancies in our ancient sources and archaeological evidence. After her death, Roman rule continued to expand. While Boudica had little lasting impact on the expansion of Roman rule, she remained a cultural reference point for questions of gender and the negotiation of power in the Roman Empire.
I Call Upon You, Andraste
Authors: Gillespie Caitlin C.
Published: June 2018

Chapter 6 turns to Boudica as a religious figure, examining her role in divination and ritual. Boudica’s revolt has been interpreted as a reaction against the destruction of the center of Druidic worship at Mona (Anglesey). Dio’s Boudica is involved in two ritualistic moments during the revolt. As a diviner, she deserves praise and respect, like Livy’s Tanaquil or Tacitus’s Veleda. Her patron goddess, Andraste or Andate, is associated with victory and thus aligned with the meaning of Boudica’s name. Her actions after her initial victories and the sacrifice of female captives in particular are worthy of condemnation by Dio’s readership. The speech of Suetonius Paulinus guides readers toward this interpretation. Boudica’s death provides a third opportunity for ritual celebration.
The School of Abbé Vogler
Authors: Gooley Dana
Published: June 2018

Chapter 1 tracks a line of improvisational influence that issued from the organ playing and theoretical teachings of Georg Joseph (Abbé) Vogler, whose most famous students were Carl Maria von Weber and Giacomo Meyerbeer. Although Vogler was in many respects a product of eighteenth-century aesthetic and theoretical dispositions, he also had a progressive, even experimental streak that manifested itself in his improvisations. He anticipated the figure of the modern virtuoso by touring and playing organ concerts that featured dramatic improvisations depicting biblical narratives. Most important, he made keyboard improvisation an integral part of his pedagogical method, requiring students to improvise simultaneously with him and with each other. While Vogler instructed his students in thoroughbass methods, his improvisational teaching featured freer types of contrapuntal and figural elaboration that influenced their performances and compositions. Vogler’s approach to improvisation encouraged harmonic experimentation that influenced Weber’s and Meyerbeer’s expanded use of tonality.
Carl Loewe’s Performative Romanticism
Authors: Gooley Dana
Published: June 2018

Chapter 3 is about Carl Loewe, a little-known musician who undertook an unprecedented and remarkable task: improvising entire songs, both the melody and the accompaniment, on poems given to him by the audience. This chapter reconstructs Loewe’s methods for performing this difficult feat and describes the cultural impetuses that motivated it. I propose that Loewe’s improvisations, performed mainly on a series of concert tours he undertook in the 1830s, condensed a number of independent cultural strains—the kapellmeister’s fluency in keyboard improvisation, the practice of touring virtuosos, the literary cult of poetic improvisers, and the genre theory of the ballad, which described it as a species of epic or bardic narration that was understood as improvisatory in character.
Postlude
Authors: Gooley Dana
Published: June 2018

THE FOREGOING CHAPTERS about free playing and discourses of improvisation could leave the impression that improvisation was “everywhere,” or at least common and familiar, in European music of the nineteenth century. It was not. One can read through hundreds of pages of musical periodicals reporting on symphonic music, amateur choirs, domestic parlor music, concert virtuosos, opera, and oratorios without discovering a single mention of an improvisation. In the one sphere where free playing was actually standard—the world of liturgical organists—it was barely recognized as improvisation and was described simply as “organ-playing” or “accompaniment.”...
The Expansive Years of Hospice in the World (1967 – 1985)
Authors: Clark David
Published: June 2018

Cicely Saunders rose steadily though the honours system — from O.B.E., to Dame, to Order of Merit. She mixed with archbishops and aristocrats. Journalists and writers sought her out. This may have given expression to some less-appealing qualities, of vanity and impatience. If she offered complete attentiveness to her patients, she may have been a less-good listener with others. By now she was intimately involved with a third Polish man — an artist whose estranged wife was still alive and living in Poland. Eventually, they created a ‘kibbutz’ with others to enable living together with a veneer of respectability. This chapter explores her complicated life with and eventual marriage to Marian Bohusz-Szyszko. It also takes us into Cicely Saunders’s extensive travels, her influence on the shaping of hospice care as it broadened into the emerging speciality of palliative medicine, and the scientific work that under-pinned it.
Epilogue: Making Sense of Cicely Saunders
Authors: Clark David
Published: June 2018

Cicely Saunders married late in life and had no children. Her closest personal relationships were complicated. Her steely look and assured manner masked years of vulnerability, poor self-image, and struggles with her femininity. She was an unlikely pioneer of an improbable movement. Stripping away the hagiography, there is no doubt that Cicely shaped a new field of medicine which was gaining significant ground by the time of her death, and one which made further progress in the decade following it. A whole generation of palliative-care professionals was trained at St Christopher’s, many of whom spread their knowledge and expertise in other places. The hospice ideal transferred and translated around the world — and eventually led to universal support through the encouragement of the World Health Organization. This chapter concludes the book with an assessment of her legacy — and the complex and demanding life that shaped it.
The Disillusioned Nationalist
Authors: Ansari Emily Abrams
Published: June 2018

This chapter looks at the Cold War experience of leading Americanist composer Roy Harris. Harris is a complicated case because although he held politically progressive views, he participated in creating an image for himself that aligned with a more conservative, exceptionalist nationalism. This contradiction between his personal politics and the politics his image projected was mostly sustainable during the 1930s and 1940s, when leftist attitudes and exceptionalist nationalism were not considered entirely incompatible. But during the first decades of the Cold War, a period in which Harris felt increasingly alienated from mainstream American values, it engendered a personal and aesthetic crisis. This crisis is assessed through an examination of Harris’s writings, music, and cultural diplomacy work during this period, including an analysis of his Symphony no. 11 (1967).
The Principled Brand Strategist
Authors: Ansari Emily Abrams
Published: June 2018

This chapter examines the Cold War experience of composer Aaron Copland. It argues that after suffering at the hands of Senator Joseph McCarthy and his cronies in the early 1950s, Copland reoriented himself. He not only turned away from musical Americanism as a composer but also took advantage of opportunities to tour overseas for the State Department, both to remove the taint of leftism from his image and to politically neutralize the Americanist style. Yet Copland’s Cold War choices were not simply a strategic response to a radically altered political landscape. Both his work with government and his musical works from this period show his enduring commitment to a set of strong personal principles that shaped his compositions, his writings, and his cultural diplomacy work across his long career. Copland’s ability to stay true to what he believed in ensured he never succumbed to cynicism, as did many other members of the Old Left.
Social Catholicism and Christian Democracy
Authors: Shadle Matthew A.
Published: June 2018

This chapter looks at the two most important Catholic social movements following the Second World War: social Catholicism and Christian democracy. Dating back to the nineteenth century, social Catholicism was the Catholic Church’s response to capitalism by organizing workers and urging individuals to transform society according to Christian principles. In the postwar period, the organizations of social Catholicism increasingly came to accept the secularization of society and saw greater leadership roles for the laity. Christian democracy was a political movement that governed much of Western Europe in the years after the Second World War. It supported a platform in which the government collaborated with social associations to steer the economy toward the common good and meet the needs of all citizens. Both social Catholicism and Christian democracy had an important influence on later official Catholic social teaching.
Liberation Theology and Social Analysis
Authors: Shadle Matthew A.
Published: June 2018

The most controversial aspect of Latin American liberation theology was its use of Marxist analysis and dependency theory. This chapter examines the use of social analysis by liberation theologians, identifying the important insights they gained from this analysis while also looking at the weaknesses of Marxism and dependency theory. In particular, Marxism and dependency theory provided liberation theologians with an interpretation of the economy that explained its structural features and the role of conflict in society. The chapter includes an exploration of the concepts of structure, praxis, and class conflict in the theology of Gutiérrez and Ellacuría, as well as their treatment of secularization.
Progressive Catholicism in the United States
Authors: Shadle Matthew A.
Published: June 2018

American Catholicism has long adapted to US liberal institutions. Progressive Catholicism has taken the liberal values of democratic participation and human rights and made them central to its interpretation of Catholic social teaching. This chapter explores in detail the thought of David Hollenbach, S.J., a leading representative of progressive Catholicism. Hollenbach has proposed an ethical framework for an economy aimed at the common good, ensuring that the basic needs of all are met and that all are able to participate in economic life. The chapter also looks at the US Catholic bishops’ 1986 pastoral letter Economic Justice for All, which emphasizes similar themes while also promoting collaboration between the different sectors of American society for the sake of the common good.
Catholic Social Thought in an Age of Austerity
Authors: Shadle Matthew A.
Published: June 2018

This chapter looks at recent Catholic social thought in the United States in the age of globalization and after the financial crisis of 2007–08, drawn from four schools of thought: progressive, neoconservative, liberationist, and communitarian. As an exponent of progressive Catholicism, Meghan J. Clark has promoted an interpretation of Catholic social teaching focused on human rights and solidarity, whereas Samuel Gregg has furthered the neoconservative perspective by promoting free markets and commerce. Illustrating the varieties of liberation theology in the United States, Christine Firer Hinze has reflected on economic life from a feminist perspective, while Mária Teresa Dávila draws on Latino/a theology. William T. Cavanaugh has offered a communitarian critique of globalization. The chapter concludes with a proposal for an organicist communitarian vision of economic life, guided by a theology of interruption rooted in the proclamation of the Gospel and open to dialogue with others.
Conclusion
Authors: Shadle Matthew A.
Published: June 2018

The conclusion looks at the teaching of Pope Francis, considering the possibility that it represents the emergence of a new framework for Catholic social teaching. Pope Francis has emphasized that the encounter with Jesus Christ brings about an experience of newness and openness. He has also proposed a cosmic theological vision. His concept of “integral ecology,” introduced in his encyclical Laudato Si’, illustrates how human society is interconnected with the natural ecology of the planet earth and the entire cosmos. He proposes that the economy, society, culture, and daily life are all interconnected “ecologies.” In a speech to the World Meeting of Popular Movements in 2015, Pope Francis also explains how social movements devoted to local issues can nevertheless have a profound effect on the structures of the global economy. In his teachings, Pope Francis presents an organicist and communitarian vision of economic life.
Remembering from the Outside
Authors: McCarroll Christopher
Published: June 2018

When recalling events that one personally experienced, one often visualizes the remembered scene as one originally saw it: from an internal visual perspective. Sometimes, however, one sees oneself in the remembered scene: from an external “observer perspective.” In such cases one remembers from-the-outside. This book is about such memories. Remembering from-the-outside is a common yet curious case of personal memory: one views oneself from a perspective one seemingly could not have had at the time of the original event. How can past events be recalled from a detached perspective? How is it that the self is observed? And how can we account for the self-presence of such memories? Indeed, can there be genuine memories recalled from-the-outside? If memory preserves past perceptual content then how can one see oneself from-the-outside in memory? This book disentangles the puzzles posed by remembering from-the-outside. The book develops a dual-faceted approach for thinking about memory, which acknowledges constructive and reconstructive processes at encoding and at retrieval, and it uses this approach to defend the possibility of genuine memories being recalled from-the-outside. In so doing it also elucidates the nature of such memories and sheds light on the nature of personal memory. The book argues that field and observer perspectives are different ways of thinking about a particular past event. Further, by exploring the ways we have of getting outside of ourselves in memory and other cognitive domains, the book sheds light on the nature of our perspectival minds.
Being Faithful to the Past
Authors: McCarroll Christopher
Published: June 2018

Observer perspectives are used as a departure point for developing a dual-faceted framework for thinking about personal memory: the Constructive Encoding approach, which emphasizes the multiple sources of information available to memory at encoding; and the Reconstructive Retrieval approach, which stresses how the context of retrieval can affect the content of memory. Observer perspective memories are defended from two related objections (the argument from perceptual impossibility and the argument from perceptual preservation) by drawing on the insights of this dual-faceted framework. This chapter shows that memory can be (re)constructive, dynamic, and flexible, but also accurate and faithful to the past.