bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swedish Dental Students’ Notetaking - an In-depth Material-based Interview Study
Authors: Lindberg Viveca , Jounger Sofia Louca , Christidis Maria , Christidis Nikolaos
Published: December 2020

Background: The transition from upper secondary to higher education and from higher education to professional practice requires that students adapt to new literacy practices, academic and professional. However, there is a gap of knowledge regarding literacy practices in dental education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify what characterizes dental students’ notetaking and secondarily to determine what dental students express regarding their notetaking.Methods: To analyze students' perspectives about the purposes of notetaking and to examine their written notes in depth, three volunteer students, out of the 24 students that voluntarily and anonymously handed in their notes, were interviewed. The three undergraduate dental students that participated in this material-based, semi-structured interview study, framed within a New Literacy Studies approach, were on their third year (6th semester). The focus of these material-based interviews was on each student’s notes. Questions prepared for semi-structured interviews were open-ended and allowed for individual follow-up questions related to the interviewee’s answer. To analyze the outcome of the interviews a thematic analysis was used. Results: From the material-based interviews eight themes (T1-8) that relate to what, how and for what purpose students write were discerned. These include a) what: T1-Professional vocabulary; T2-Core content; T3-Clinical example; b) how: T4-Multimodal accentuation; T5-Synthesis; and c) for what purpose: T6-Mnemonic strategies; T7-Academic purposes; and T8 professional purposes.Conclusions: Findings from the interviews indicate that the digital development, offering a variety of available tools, has expanded the notion of notetaking. This study identified that dental students’ notetaking has changed during their education from initially being synchronous, to also include multimodal and asynchronous writing, making notetaking more of a writing practice. Further, students’ writing practices seem to be motivated by their knowledge formation in relation to a subject matter, but also in relation to their experiences during clinical training. Although, our hypothesis was that the main purpose of notetaking and writing was to pass their course examinations, this study showed that students that were half-way through their dental education, are aware that literacy practices are for learning for their future profession, and not only for passing their exams.
When can total knee arthroplasty be safely performed following prior arthroscopy?
Authors: Ma Jin-Ning , Li Xiao-Lin , Liang Pan , Yu Sheng-Li
Published: December 2020

Background The optimal timing to perform a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after knee arthroscopy (KA) was controversial in the literature. We aimed to 1) explore the effect of prior KA on the subsequent TKA; 2) identify who were not suitable for TKA in patients with prior KA, and 3) determine the timing of TKA following prior KA.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 87 TKAs with prior KA and 174 controls using propensity score matching in our institution. The minimum follow-up was two years. Postoperative clinical outcomes were compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were created with reoperation as an endpoint. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to identify risk factors of severe complications in the KA group. The two-piecewise linear regression analysis was performed to examine the optimal timing of TKA following prior KA.Results The all-cause reoperation, revision, and complication rates of the KA group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). The survivorship of the KA group and control group was 92.0% and 99.4% at the 2-year follow-up (p=0.002), respectively. Male (Hazards ratio [HR]=3.2) and prior KA for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (HR=4.4) were associated with postoperative complications in the KA group. There was a non-linear relationship between time from prior KA to TKA and postoperative complications with the turning point at 9.4 months.Conclusion Prior KA is associated with worse outcomes following subsequent TKA, especially male patients and those with prior KA for ACL injury. There is an increased risk of postoperative complications when TKA is performed within nine months of KA. Surgeons should keep these findings in mind when treating patients who are scheduled to undergo TKA with prior KA.
Recommend a simple, sustained and sufficient perioperative calcium regulation therapy and analysis of related factors during perioperative period for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Zhang WeiBin , Dong Jia , Wu YunFei , Zheng Bin , Dai Jin , Ma Yan , Zhang Xinsheng
Published: December 2020

Background: Patients of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) with chronic renal failure treated by long-term dialysis have received surgical treatment. The severe complications, especially severe hypocalcemia, would endanger lives during perioperative treatment. Therefore, this study aims to recommend a simple, sustained and sufficient perioperative calcium regulation scheme, and analysis of preoperative related indicators, the patient's condition for a preliminary assessment, thus guiding the postoperative calcium regulation, to avoid the occurrence of serious complications.Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of 136 patients with chronic renal failure in uremic stage, who received dialysis treatment for a long time and finally diagnosed as SHPT, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019, were accepted different operations to treat hyperparathyroidism, were given corresponding calcium regulation therapy to avoid serious complications, and were divided into the observation group and the control group according to the mean time of postoperative calcium regulation time.Results: According to the median time of adjusting the pump calcium(7.67 + 2.823)d, the patients were divided into two groups: the observation group (≤7d) and the control group (> 7d). Compared with the control group, the observation group were elder (54.01±9.215, P<0.01), shorter preoperative dialysis time (5.05±2.855, P<0.01), significant difference in operation mode (P=0.026), positive preoperative oral calcium(c2=9.941, P=0.002), higher preoperative calcium value (t=4.795, P<0.001), lower preoperative Parathyroid Hormone(PTH) value (t=6.327, P<0.001), lower preoperative Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) value (t=3.527, P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age, preoperative calcium value, preoperative PTH value and preoperative ALP value were independent risk factors for postoperative calcium regulation therapy. Those factors, Gender, preoperative dialysis mode, complications, preoperative Hemoglobin(HB) value, were not related to postoperative calcium regulation. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: The simple, sustained and sufficient calcium regulation scheme can maintain a stable level of blood calcium in SHPT, and be able to avoid the occurrence of severe hypocalcemia and increase the curate. Especially for the younger, the lower preoperative serum calcium, the higher blood PTH and ALP, should lengthen the calcium pump time appropriately, until the right time and stop the medicine. This is more safe.
Hiccups and Psychosis: Two atypical presentations of COVID -19
Authors: Alvarez-Cisneros Teresa , Lara-Reyes Aldo , Sansón-Tinoco Stephanie
Published: December 2020

The WHO defines a possible case of COVID-19 as a person experiencing fever, cough, shortness of breath and neurological signs including anosmia, ageusia or dysgeusia. However, experiences from hospitals all over the world have shown that presentations vary widely. Some atypical presentations include cardiac, gastrointestinal, neurological and cutaneous and while some are driven by the inflammatory response, other are a consequence of the hypercoagulable state. In our emergency department in a private hospital in Mexico City, we received two patients with very different symptoms on the same shift. Two previously healthy men in their 40s presented to the ER with very atypical manifestations of COVID-19. Neither of them complained of fever, cough or shortness of breath. The first referred a 3-day history of hiccups that had not resolved with metoclopramide. The second presented with an acute episode of altered mental status. While the first case revealed lung involvement of the disease, the second case had a clean chest CT scan. These cases are relevant as manifestations of COVID-19 vary widely, especially in previously healthy young adults.
Comparative analysis of clinical factors associated with pedicle screw pull-out during or immediately after surgery between intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography and postoperative computed tomography
Authors: Sumiya Satoshi , Fukushima Kazuyuki , Kurosa Yoshiro , Hirai Takashi , Inose Hiroyuki , Yoshii Toshitaka , Okawa Atsushi
Published: December 2020

Background No studies to date have elucidated the clinical factors associated with pedicle screw pull-out during or immediately after surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of pedicle screw pull-out by comparing intraoperative scans obtained using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) with postoperative scans obtained using computed tomography (CT). We also sought to determine the incidence of pedicle screw pull-out and identify relevant risk factors.Methods This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for 742 pedicle screws placed in 76 consecutive patients who underwent at least triple-level posterior fixation for thoracic or lumbar spinal injury, spinal metastasis, or pyogenic spondylitis between April 2014 and July 2020. Pedicle screw pull-out distance in the axial and sagittal planes was compared between CT scans obtained 2 days postoperatively and CBCT images acquired intraoperatively. Risk factors associated with pedicle screw pull-out were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results Pedicle screw pull-out was seen with 58 pedicle screws (7.8%) in 26 patients (34.2%). There were significant differences in age, number of fused segments, frequency of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), and medical history of osteoporosis for pedicle screw pull-out. Risk factors for pedicle screw pull-out were older age (odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.130) and a diagnosis of DISH (odds ratio 3.35, 95% confidence interval 1.12–10.00). Several cases suggest that use of connecting rods was an important factor in intraoperative pedicle screw pull-out.Conclusions Our findings suggest that age, number of fused segments, presence of DISH, and medical history of osteoporosis are risk factors for pedicle screw pull-out, with the greatest being older age and DISH.
Changes in hemodialysis catheter management after introduction of the end-stage renal disease prospective payment system
Authors: Roetker Nicholas S. , Guo Haifeng , Decker-Palmer Marquita , Peng Yi , Wetmore James
Published: December 2020

Background: We investigated whether implementation of the end-stage renal disease prospective payment system (ESRD PPS) was associated with changes in thrombolytic therapy use and other aspects of catheter management in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Using quarterly, period prevalent cohorts of patients undergoing maintenance HD with a catheter in the US Renal Data System (2008-2015), we studied rates of claims for within- and outside-HD-unit thrombolytic use, and thrombus/fibrin sheath removal, and rates of delayed HD treatment after ESRD PPS implementation, January 1, 2011. Associations between PPS implementation and change in trend of rates of each outcome were assessed using covariate-adjusted Poisson regression, using a piecewise linear function for quarter-time (with breakpoint at PPS implementation).Results: Among an average of 69,428 quarterly catheter users, rates of claims for within-HD-unit thrombolytic use declined from 236.6 (Q1-2008) to 81.4 (Q4-2012) per 100 person-years (P < 0.0001, PPS association with change in trend); rates of claims for thrombus/fibrin sheath removal procedures increased from 3.9 (Q1-2008) to 8.8 (Q3-2015) per 100 person-years (P = 0.0001, PPS association with change in trend). Rates of delayed HD treatment increased from 1.6 (Q2-2008) to 2.3 (Q3-2015) per patient-quarter, although PPS implementation was associated with a decrease in this rising trend (1.6% increase per quarter pre-PPS, 1.2% post-PPS; P < 0.0001, change in trend). Conclusions: After PPS implementation, thrombolytic use decreased and thrombus/fibrin sheath removal increased. The increasing trend in delayed HD treatment appeared to slow after PPS implementation, but delayed sessions continued to increase year over year for unclear reasons.
Alteration of Transthyretin and Thyroxine-Binding Globulin in Major Depressive Disorder: Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Based Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Woo Hye In , Park Jisook , Lim Shinn-Won , Kim Doh Kwan , Lee Soo-Youn
Published: December 2020

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD), common mental disorder, lacks objective diagnostic and prognosis biomarkers. The objective of this study was to perform proteomic analysis to identify proteins with changed expression levels after antidepressant treatment and investigate differences in protein expression between MDD patients and healthy individuals.Methods: A total of 111 proteins obtained from literature review were subjected to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based protein quantitation. Finally, seven proteins were quantified for plasma specimens of 10 healthy controls and 78 MDD patients (those at baseline and at 6 weeks after antidepressant treatment of either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or mirtazapine). Results: Among 78 MDD patients, 35 patients were treated with SSRIs and 43 patients were treated with mirtazapine. Nineteen (54.3%) and 16 (37.2%) patients responded to SSRIs and mirtazapine, respectively. Comparing MDD patients with healthy individuals, alteration of transthyretin was observed in MDD (p = 0.026). A few differences were observed in protein levels related to SSRIs treatment, although they were not statistically significant. Plasma thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) was different between before and after mirtazapine treatment only in responders (p = 0.007).Conclusions: In proteomic analysis of plasma specimens from MDD patients, transthyretin and TBG levels were altered in MDD and changed after antidepressant treatment.
Power-law productivity and positive regime shift of symbiotic and climate-resilient edible ecosystems
Authors: Funabashi Masatoshi
Published: December 2020

Transformative change in primary food production is urgently needed in the face of climate change and biodiversity loss. Although there are a growing number of studies aimed at global policymaking, actual implementations require on-site deep analyses of social-ecological feasibility. Here, we report the first implementations of low-input mixed polyculture of highly diverse crops (synecoculture) in Japan and Burkina Faso. Results showed that the self-organized primary production of ecosystems follows a power law and performs better compared with conventional monoculture methods in 1) promoting diversity and total quantity of products along with rapid increase of in-field biodiversity, especially in a semi-arid environment where local reversal of regime shift is observed; 2) a fundamental reduction of inputs and environmental load; and 3) ecosystem-based autonomous adaptation of the crop portfolio to climatic variability. The overall benefits imply substantial possibilities for a new typology of sustainable farming based on human-guided augmentation of ecosystem services and biodiversity maintenance mechanisms that could overcome the historical trade-off between productivity and biodiversity.
Oroszlánok, sárkányok, zene és fegyverek – a kínai előadó-művészet sokszínűsége
Authors: Magyar Márton
Published: December 2020

A kultúra sokszínűsége felfedezhető különböző művekben, például az irodalomban, építészetben, zenében, táncban, festészetben stb. Ez kifejezetten sajátságos az olyan „rejtelmes”, több évezredes múlttal rendelkező országban, mint Kína. Gondoljunk csak például a pagodákra, a Nagy Falra, a porcelánra, a ruházatra, a selyemre vagy akár a kínai írásmódra, a kalligráfiára (書法 / 书法). Ebben a tanulmányban a tánccal és zenével összefüggő látványos előadó-művészetre helyeződik a hangsúly.
Foresight technologies of economic systems: evidence from the tourism sector of Ukraine
Authors: Melnychenko Svitlana , Boiko Margarita , Okhrimenko Alla , Bosovska Myroslava , Mazaraki Nataliia
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, it is imperative to use forecasting technologies that are most likely to predict the development of economic systems. Foresight technologies based on a combination of strategic analysis and forecasting of key indicators provide a high level of probability of achieving certain results and contribute to shaping conditions for their achievement. Among economic systems, tourism sector is the most vulnerable to the negative impact of the global pandemic. In 2020, its revenues fell by 70%, leading to an unprecedented crisis. Accordingly, questions arise about the Ukrainian tourism sector’s ability to use the crisis as a prerequisite for recovery and growth.Based on the results of a two-round survey using the Delphi method among experts (56 at the first stage and 42 at the second) representing various tourism directions for Ukraine’s tourism sector up to 2030, six strategic development priorities were formed. Key indicators were identified, such as contribution to GDP (7-8%), place in the global tourism competitiveness rating (60-70th position among 140 countries), and average annual growth rate of international arrivals (5-10%). It has been determined that in case of the end of the world pandemic, the Ukrainian tourism sector can achieve the indicators of “pre-crisis” functioning in 1-3 years.The proposed architectonics of the foresight platform in the context of digitalization of network communications will ensure the adoption of management decisions to develop Ukraine’s tourism sector in the domestic and international markets. It will strengthen its position, image, and strategic sustainability in the markets for tourist services.
AcknowledgmentThe paper reflects the results of the authors in the framework of studies conducted in 2018–2020 at the Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Paradigmatic and Conceptual Shifts in the Economic Theory of the 21st Century) (Q1 2018 – Q4 2020; state registration number 0118U000126), and Formation of the National Brand of Ukraine in the International Environment (Q1 2018 – Q4 2020; state registration number 0118U000127)).
Pharmacy market for 9 months 2020: coronavirus and digital
Authors:   RM Analytics, Kalinina Nadezhda
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has wre aked havoc with the global economy, challenging health systems, governments and businesses taken as a whole. In particular, the pharmacy retail trade also had to adapt to a new reality in an emergency mode.
Постантибиотиковая эра: человечество теряет контроль над инфекцией
Authors:   Remedium, Kuminova Ekaterina
Published: December 2020

Устойчивость микроорганизмов к антибиотикам в скором времени может перечеркнуть все завоевания современной хирургии. Даже после успешно проведенной сложнейшей операции с применением высоких технологий пациент может умереть от сепсиса, если весь больничный арсенал антибиотиков окажется бессилен против таких давно известных возбудителей, как кишечная палочка или золотистый стафилококк. Лет десять назад подобные случаи называли «казуистикой», но сегодня по поводу антибиотикорезистентности бьют в набат врачи во всем мире. На уровне государств принимаются программы и стратегии с крупными бюджетами, направленные на борьбу с внутрибольничной инфекцией. Об этой недооцененной микробиологической угрозе журналистам рассказали ведущие российские врачи, знающие о проблеме из опыта собственной многолетней работы в стационарах.
WEBSİTESİ ERİŞİLEBİLİRLİK DEĞERLENDİRMESİ: BİR BARİYER GEZİNTİ ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: YERLİKAYA Zehra , ONAY DURDU Pınar
Published: December 2020

Günümüzde web siteleri tüm kurumların iletişim ve bilgi sağlama konusunda ana kaynaklarından biri haline gelmiştir. Bu web sitelerinin tüm kullanıcılar tarafından etkin bir şekilde kullanılabilmesi önemlidir. Özellikle engelli kullanıcıların web tarafından sunulan hizmetlere erişimde sorun yaşayabildikleri bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle web sitesi geliştiricilerinin özellikle uygulamalarının erişilebilirliğini sağlamaları bunun için de web sitelerinin erişilebilirliklerini değerlendirerek varsa problemleri gidermeleri oldukça önemlidir. Web sitesi erişilebilirlik değerlendirmelerinde genellikle otomatik değerlendirme araçları ile gerçekleştirilen uygunluk testleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntem ile var olan problemler listelenmekte ancak problemlerin önceliklendirilmesini ya da çözüm önerileri sağlanmamaktadır. Diğer taraftan bu çalışma kapsamında buna alternatif olarak kullanılabilecek olan sezgisel bir değerlendirme yaklaşımı olan bariyer gezinti (BG) yönteminin kullanım potansiyeli incelenmektedir. BG değerlendiricilerin problemleri farklı kullanıcı türlerine göre tespit edip önceliklendirmelerini sağlamakta ve çözüm önerilerini de içinde barındırmaktadır. Çalışmada BG kullanılarak farklı düzeylerde erişilebilirlik problemine sahip üç kamu üniversite web sitesinin görme engeli bulunan kullanıcılar açısından erişilebilirlik değerlendirilmesi yapılmaktadır. Bu yöntemin uygulanması ile görme engelli, görme zayıflığı olan ve renk körlüğü olan kullanıcıların sitelerde görevlerini yerine getirmesini engelleyen durumların belirlenmesi ve bunların ortadan kaldırılmasını sağlayacak iyileştirmelerin önerilmesi sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarının web sitelerinin özellikle görme engelli bireylerin erişim problemlerini en aza indirilmesi için katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Adsorption of nitrate and phosphate in an aqueous solution on composites of PVA and chitosan prepared from a Somanniathelphusa sinensis shell
Authors: Nguyen Hieu Trung , Bui Ha Manh
Published: December 2020

In this study, chitosan was prepared from the shell of Somanniathelphusa sinensis, which is a crab ubiquitous in Vietnam. The 3-level, 3-factor Box–Behnken design was applied to the preparation of chitosan to investigate effects of factors such as the HCl solution concentration, protein removal time and deacetylation time on the degree of deacetylation (%DD). Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography were employed to examine the chitosan structure, as well as pH titration and antibacterial testing of the chitosan solution. Results revealed that as-p chitosan comprises specific functional groups, with almost no impurities. Its average molecular weight was ∼225,000 g/mol, and %DD was ∼89.7%. The chitosan/PVA composite was prepared and investigated for the adsorption of nitrate and phosphate ions in water. Experimental results revealed that the adsorption capacity of a chitosan/PVA (1:2) composite is better than that of chitosan. Accordingly, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of nitrate and phosphate ions on chitosan were 122.0 mg/g and 344.8 mg/g, respectively. The corresponding values on the chitosan/PVA (1:2) composite were 135.1 mg/g and 384.6 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics data at 25 °C were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.998). These results revealed that crab shell chitosan and the chitosan/PVA (1:2) composite can be used for the adsorption of nitrates and phosphates in aqueous solutions.
The current use and potential of cost benefit analysis in water sector projects
Authors: Ratnaweera Dino , Heistad Arve , Navrud Ståle
Published: December 2020

The investment needed in global water infrastructure is significant. Infrastructures in water supply and sanitation alone are expected to require USD 6.7 trillion by 2050. These infrastructures must provide investment justifications when seeking funding from disbursement sources, in competition with other services (such as health, education, transport, elderly care etc.). We present a review that identifies monetary valuation gaps in regional and global cost benefit analysis (CBA) guidelines that underpin investment justifications. Case studies of Scandinavian appraisal reports written according to these guidelines indicate an alarmingly low use of monetary valuation on socioeconomic and environmental impacts caused by water sector projects. The findings suggest a need for broader and more accessible recommendations for water sector specific valuation methods. The need to develop a more accessible CBA framework for water infrastructure project managers is theoretically discussed, with emphasis on utilising monetary valuation methods and secondary source data. We identify valuation methods fragmentally discussed in the guidelines that should be adapted and applied, in time and cost-efficient ways, to water infrastructure projects.
Sonochemical degradation of bisphenol A using persulfate activated by hematite nanoparticles
Authors: Dehvari Mahboobeh , Ghanbari Farshid , Ahmadi Mehdi
Published: December 2020

In this study, hematite nanoparticles (HNPs) were used as the persulfate (PS) activator for the sonocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The physicochemical properties of the synthesized HNPs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of different operational parameters (pH, nanoparticle dosage, persulfate concentration, and ultrasonic power) on catalytic activity were evaluated. The BPA degradation rate was improved when ultrasonic (US) irradiation was used simultaneously with HNPs for activating PS. According to the results, 98.94% of BPA (10 mg/L) was degraded within 15 min of reaction time at 4 mM persulfate and 0.01 g/L HNPs under ultrasonic irradiation of 250 W. The degree of mineralization of BPA was measured using chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 36.98% was achieved under optimum conditions. Quenching tests were done using different scavenger compounds; these showed that both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were reactive species in BPA degradation. According to the results of reusability tests, the degradation efficiency decreased to 86.34%, indicating that HNPs can be recycled several times. All of the anions tested, but mainly hydrogen phosphate, had an inhibitory effect on BPA degradation. The results showed that the US/HNPs/PS process is effective for the degradation of the organic pollutants.
Selective and rapid removal of Mo(VI) from water using functionalized Fe3O4-based Mo(VI) ion-imprinted polymer
Authors: Wu Lang , Luo Zhengwei , Jiang Hui , Zhao Zijian , Geng Wenhua
Published: December 2020

Fe3O4 nanoparticles-based magnetic Mo(VI) surface ion-imprinted polymer (Mo(VI)-MIIP) was elaborated employing 4-vinyl pyridine as a functional monomer. The adsorbent preparation was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, thermogravimetric analysis, and surface area analysis. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Mo(VI)-MIIP was 296.40 mg g−1 at pH 3, while that of the magnetic non-imprinted polymer (MNIP) was only 147.10 mg g−1. The adsorption isotherm model was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption experiments revealed that Mo(VI)-MIIP reached adsorption equilibrium within 30 min, and the kinetics data fitting showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model suitably described the adsorption process. Mo(VI)-MIIP exhibited an excellent adsorption selectivity to Mo(VI) in binary mixtures of Mo(VI)/Cr(VI), Mo(VI)/Cu(II), Mo(VI)/, Mo(VI)/Zn(II), and Mo(VI)/I–, with relative selectivity coefficients toward MNIP of 13.71, 30.27, 20.01, 23.53, and 15.89, respectively. After six consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of Mo(VI)-MIIP decreased by 9.5% (from 228.4 mg g−1 to 206.7 mg g−1 at initial Mo(VI) concentration of 250 mg L−1), demonstrating its reusability.
Kaosun Eşiğinde Kadın Yönetici: Cam Uçurum
Authors: Seven Şarkaya Sevda , Çobanoğlu Fatma
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, kadınların sayıca fazla yer aldığı eğitim örgütlerinde görev yapan öğretmen ve yöneticilerin, yönetici kavramına ilişkin cinsiyet algılarının ve tercihlerinin belirlenmesinin yanı sıra, kriz dönemlerinde yöneticilerin hangi özelliklere sahip olması gerektirdiğine ve bu tür durumlarda özellikle kadınların atanmasına ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması tercih edilmiştir. Maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemiyle farklı kademelerdeki devlet okullarında görev yapan öğretmenler ve yöneticiler arasından seçilen 69 katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yürütülmüştür ve verilere içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular ışığında; öncelikle erkek egemen yönetim ve toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri algısı nedeniyle, okul yönetiminde cinsiyetin değil, yöneticilik özelliklerinin, görev bilincinin ve kişilik gibi özelliklerin daha önemli olduğunu düşünmelerine rağmen hem öğretmenlerin hem de yöneticilerin yönetici kavramını “erkek olma” ile ilişkilendirdikleri ve erkek yönetici ile çalışmayı daha fazla tercih ettikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, kadınların yönetim kademelerindeki görünürlüklerinin artmasının bu algıyı azalttığını düşündükleri de görülmüştür. Katılımcılarda kadın yöneticilere yönelik hassaslıkları nedeniyle yönetimde duygularıyla hareket etme ve fazla ayrıntıcı olmalarına ilişkin olumsuz; çoklu bakış açısına sahip olma, detay ve düzene önem verme ve iletişim becerilerine sahip olmalarına ilişkin olumlu bir algı olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların kriz dönemlerinde yöneticilerin sahip olmaları gerektiğini düşündükleri özelliklerin, sakin ve soğukkanlı olma, adil olma, sağ duyulu ve empati yeteneğine sahip olma gibi kişisel özelliklerin ve çözüm odaklı olma, kriz yönetimi becerisine sahip olma, deneyim ve bilgi gibi mesleki yeterlilikler olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin ve kadın yöneticilerin çoğunluğu kriz dönemlerinde kadın yöneticilerin atanmasını olumlu bir adım olarak görülürken erkek yöneticilerin bir bölümünün kadın yönetici atanmasının krizi daha da derinleştireceğini düşündüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ancak araştırmanın en çarpıcı sonucu ise kadın yöneticilerin neredeyse yarısının kriz dönemlerinde özellikle atandıklarını düşünmelerine rağmen bunun nedeninin kadınların kriz yönetimindeki başarısı olduğunu düşünmeleridir.
Significance of Hemodynamics Biomarkers, Tissue Biomechanics and Numerical Simulations in the Pathogenesis of Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Campisi Salvatore , Jayendiran Raja , Condemi Francesca , Viallon Magalie , Croisille Pierre , Avril Stéphane
Published: December 2020

Guidelines for the treatment of aortic wall diseases are based on measurements of maximum aortic diameter. However, aortic rupture or dissections do occur for small aortic diameters. Growing scientific evidence underlines the importance of biomechanics and hemodynamics in aortic disease development and progression. Wall shear stress (WWS) is an important hemodynamics marker that depends on aortic wall morphology and on the aortic valve function. WSS could be helpful to interpret aortic wall remodeling and define personalized risk criteria. The complementarity of Computational Fluid Dynamics and 4D Magnetic Resonance Imaging as tools for WSS assessment is a promising reality. The potentiality of these innovative technologies will provide maps or atlases of hemodynamics biomarkers to predict aortic tissue dysfunction. Ongoing efforts should focus on the correlation between these non-invasive imaging biomarkers and clinico-pathologic situations for the implementation of personalized medicine in current clinical practice.
Medicinal and Biological Significance of Phenoxazine Derivatives
Authors: Dwivedi Jaya , Yaduvanshi Neetu , Shukla Shruti , Jain Sonika
Published: December 2020

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Since 1887, phenoxazine derivatives have attracted attention of chemist due to its versatile utility, industrially
and pharmacologically. Literature is found abundant with various pharmacological activities of phenoxazine derivatives
like antitumor, anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-viral, anti-malarial, antidepressant, analgesic and many other drug resistance reversal activities. This review covers detailed over-view on
pharmacological application of phenoxazine nucleus, its chemistry and reactivity and also illustrating the incorporation of
different group at different positions enhancing its biological application, besides some synthetic procedures.
Current Pharmaceutical Aspects of Synthetic Quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Tabassum Rukhsana , Ashfaq Muhammad , Oku Hiroyuki
Published: December 2020

Quinoline derivatives are considered broad-spectrum pharmacological compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Integration of quinoline moiety can improve its physical and chemical properties and also pharmacological behavior. Due to its wide range of pharmaceutical applications, it is a very popular compound to design new drugs for the treatment of multiple diseases like cancer, dengue fever, malaria, tuberculosis, fungal infections, AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes. In this review, our major focus is to pay attention to the biological activities of quinoline compounds in the treatment of these diseases such as anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-tubercular and anti-diabetic.
Development and Optimization of Luliconazole Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Based Gel by Quality by Design its Skin Distribution Studies, Dermatokinetic Modeling & In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Correlation
Authors: Bhargav Eranti , Reddy Yiragamreddy Padmanabha , Koteshwara Kunnatur B
Published: December 2020

Aims:

The present study was aimed to improve the permeability of Luliconazole (LZ)
and to localize high drug concentrations at skin layers by Quality by Design (QbD) based Nanostructured
lipid carriers (NC) based gel.

Methods:

Quality Target Product Profile was set, and Critical Quality attributes were identified.
FT-IR and DSC studies confirmed compatibility. Risk assessment was carried out by screening the
factors using 2IV7-2 fractional factorial design and optimization by Box Behnken design. Cholesterol:
Cetyl Palmitate, PEG 200 and probe sonication time were identified as factors, Particle size (<200
nm), PDI (0.4), % Entrapment efficiency (% EE, >80%) and % Cumulative Drug release (% CDR,
>95%) as responses. Contour plots, overlay plots and desirability, were utilized to create design
space.

Results:

The quadratic polynomial equations showed increased lipid content, PEG 200 and optimum
sonication time reduced particle size, PDI, improved % EE and % CDR. The optimized formula
was formulated into a gel. Ex-vivo permeation studies performed using pig ear pinna skin revealed
that developed LZ NC gel exhibited greater permeation 272.98±8.57 (μg/cm2) and 32.11
±4.7 (μg/cm2/h) flux than plain drug dispersed gel. Dermatokinetic parameters of LZ NC gel revealed
that a highly significant amount of LZ was permeated, distributed and transported through
the skin layers. The better linear correlations were obtained by LZ permeation through a synthetic
membrane (in-vitro) and pig ear pinna skin (ex-vivo).

Conclusion:

The above findings revealed that developed LZ NC gel exhibited better permeation
and localization at skin layers in treating fungal infections.
The Complexity of Purinergic Signaling During Toxoplasma Infection
Authors: Moreira-Souza Aline Cristina Abreu , Coutinho-Silva Robson
Published: December 2020

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Toxoplasmosis is a neglected disease caused by infection by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. One-third of the global population is expected to be by infected T. gondii. In Europe and North America, most infections do not induce disease, except in the context of immunosuppression. However, in endemic regions such Central and South America, infections induce severe ocular and potentially lethal disease, even in immunocompetent individuals.

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The immune response against T. gondii infection involves components of innate immunity even in the chronic phase of the disease, including dangerous signal molecules such as extracellular nucleotides.

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Purinergic signaling pathways include ionotropic and metabotropic receptors activated by extracellular nucleotides that are divided into P2X, P2Y, and A1 receptor families. The activation of purinergic signaling impacts biological systems by modulating immune responses to intracellular pathogens such as T. gondii. Ten years ago, purinergic signaling in the T. gondii infection was reported for the first time. In this review, we update and summarize the main findings regarding the role of purinergic signaling in T. gondii infection; these include in vitro findings: the microbicidal effect of P2Y and P2X7 activation phagocytic cells and parasite control by P2X7 activation in non-phagocytic cells; and in vivo findings: the promotion of early pro-inflammatory events that protect the host in acute and chronic models.
Methods of Masseter and Temporal Muscle Thickness and Elasticity Measurements by Ultrasound Imaging: A Literature Review
Authors: Blicharz Gabriela , Rymarczyk Małgorzata , Rogulski Mateusz , Linek Paweł
Published: December 2020

Background:

The positive correlation between changes in morphology of masseter and temporal muscles, and
some disorders, incline diagnosticians to search for an effective method of assessment muscle thickness and elasticity.
Ultrasound imaging as a relatively simple and cheap method seems to be a useful diagnostic tool.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to present the existing ultrasound imaging methods in the assessment of the elasticity
and thickness of the masseter and temporal muscles.

Methods:

The literature review has been done with a focus on the accurate description of the masseter and/or temporal
muscle examination by ultrasonography imaging methods. Articles were categorized into two groups. First group included
articles in which muscle thickness was assessed by ultrasound imaging. Second group concerned elasticity aspect of
mentioned muscles.

Results:

It is difficult to achieve an objective protocol of masseter and temporal thickness assessment by ultrasonography
and there is no method that has been fully verified in terms of reliability. The shear-wave sonoelastography revealed
higher-level reliability of masseter muscle elasticity than strain sonoelastography. During the shear-wave
sonoelastography the effect of scan plane in relation to masseter muscle pennation and the day-to-day variation were
statistically significant. With regard to elasticity of temporal muscle further research is needed.

Conclusion:

This review has shown that there is a limited number of methods for masseter and
temporal muscle thickness and elasticity measurements by ultrasonography. All procedures (methods)
were not fully verified in terms of reliability and agreement. Thus, it is still necessary to develop
standardized procures to assess thickness and elasticity of the masseter and temporal muscles
with appropriate reliability and accuracy.
Ultrasound Elastography in Ocular and Periocular Tissues: A Review
Authors: Bontzos Georgios , Douglas Vivian Paraskevi , Douglas Konstantinos A.A. , Kapsala Zoi , Drakonaki Eleni E. , Detorakis Efstathios T.
Published: December 2020

Ultrasound elastography has become available in everyday practice, allowing direct measurement
of tissue elasticity with important and expanding clinical applications. Several studies
that have evaluated pathological and non-pathological tissues have demonstrated that ultrasound
elastography can actually improve the diagnostic accuracy of the underlying disease process by detecting
differences in their elasticity. Ocular and periocular tissues can also be characterized by
their elastic properties. In this context, a comprehensive review of literature on ultrasound elastography
as well as its current applications in Ophthalmology is presented.
Advances in the Use of Graphene Nanocomposites for the Electrochemical Determination of Glucose: A Review
Authors: Wu Weihong , Zhou Qinwei , Fan Boyuan , Zhu Jiangwei , Fu Liqing
Published: December 2020

Background:

Glucose detection is of great significance in biomedicine. In clinical medicine, diabetes seriously endangers human health. By accurately measuring the blood glucose content of diabetic patients, diabetes can be effectively monitored and treated. At present, there are many methods for measuring glucose content, such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. Among them, electrochemical glucose sensors are widely used because of their high reliability, low cost, and easy operation.

Methods:

Combining graphene with other nanomaterials (including graphene, metal oxides, semiconductor nanoparticles, polymers, dye molecules, ionic liquids and biomolecules) is an effective way to expand or enhance the sensing performance.

Results:

The composite of graphene and nanomaterials is an effective way to enhance the functionality of the electrochemical sensor. Graphene can accelerate electron transfer and realize direct electrochemistry and biological sensing. At the same time, graphene derivatives with rich composition and structure provide the possibility to further regulate their electrochemical performance. These graphene composite-based biosensors have shown excellent sensitivity and selectivity for glucose detection.

Conclusion:

Electrochemical glucose sensors based on graphene composite have received extensive attention. Although these materials have made significant progress in improving the sensitivity, lowering the detection limit and broadening the linear range, there are still facing challenges that require further study.
Effects of Mycotoxins on Child Development
Authors: Kadan Gül , Aral Neriman
Published: December 2020

Mycotoxins are defined as fungi that have negative effects on human health. The immune
system of the organism is affected by mycotoxins first, and developmental problems, systemic
diseases and death can be observed. Although this damage is important for all individuals,
due to immaturity of the developmental areas, weak immune system and vulnerability against external
factors, it can seriously affect children both in the pre- and in the postpartum period. It is aimed
to examine the effects of mycotoxins on child development, which is also very important in the
study, together with the studies conducted. In the research, a document analysis method was used
to determine the effects of mycotoxins on children. The articles examining the effects of mycotoxins
and mycotoxins on children were searched from Google Scholar between 2002 and 2020, accessible
books were examined and the results of these studies were discussed as a whole. As a result
of the encounter of the fetus with mycotoxins in the womb, the rate of low birth weight babies
increases. At the same time, growth retardation, congenital anomalies and neural tube defects are
encountered in the fetus. In infancy, mycotoxins cause developmental retardation, damage to the
immune system, health problems, especially gastrointestinal problems, and cognitive development
problems. As a result of encountering mycotoxins in childhood and adolescence, developmental delays,
cognitive and neurological problems, and academic failures can be seen.
Mérnöktanár-képzés – Tanárjelöltek önértékelése
Authors: Nagyné Kondor Rita
Published: December 2020

A mérnöktanár-képzésből kerülnek ki a szakképzés leendő tanárai. A mérnöktanár-képzés végén e hallgatóknak önértékelést kell írniuk a legjelentősebb tapasztalataikról. Jelen cikk a leendő mérnöktanárok önértékelésének fejlődésével foglalkozik a szakképző iskolákban folytatott tanítási gyakorlat után. A képzés hallgatói különféle készségeik fejlődéséről számoltak be, illetve az eredmények szerint a hallgatók úgy vélik, hogy a tanítási gyakorlat nagyon jelentős hozzáadott értéket képviselt a képzésükben és a jövőbeli szakmájukban.
Thermoelastic problems of multilayered spherical pressure vessels subjected to axisymmetric loading
Authors: Gönczi Dávid
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the linear thermoelastic analysis of functionally graded multilayered spherical bodies subjected to constant mechanical and thermal loading. The temperature field is arbitrary function of the radial coordinate, the material properties and the radial body force vary according to power law functions along the radius of the sphere. An analytical method is presented to calculate the displacements and stresses within the multilayered spherical body. The method is expanded to tackle the problem of spherical bodies made from radially graded materials with temperature dependent material properties. The results are compared to finite element simulations and other methods.
Characteristics of Diadochokinesis in Typically Developing Children and Adults
Authors: Jang Jisu , Choe Yu Gyeong , Ha Seunghee
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of the rate and perceptual judgment of diadochokinesis (DDK) in typically developing children and adults.Methods: Participants were typically developing children aged 2;6 to 9;11 and normal adults. For DDK tasks, they were asked to repeat [p*a], [t*a], [k*a], [p*at*a], and [p*at*ak*a] accurately and quickly with one breath. The number of repetitions per second was measured as DDK rate for each stimuli. The perceptual judgment of DDK were also performed in terms of regularity, rate, and accuracy using a three-point scale.Results: Children showed increases in the number of repetitions per second for all the DDK tasks with age. However, all the children groups between ages 2;6 and 9:11 exhibited significantly slower DDK rates than adults. In the perceptual judgment of DDK tasks, accuracy, rate, and consistency of sequential motion rates using [p*at*a] and [p*at*ak*a] showed statistically significant differences across age groups. Children demonstrated similar accuracy of SMR tasks with adults after age 6;0.Conclusion: This study showed developmental patterns of speech motor skills based on rate, accuracy, and consistency of DDK tasks. This study provides references for assessing speech motor skills related to children with speech difficulties.
Development of Hearing Aid Gain for Korean Hearing Impaired version 2.0 Considering Levels and Spectra of Korean Conversational Speech, and Preferred Gain
Authors: Lee Kyoungwon , Ahn Soohyun , Jo Hyeryeong
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to report the development of Hearing Aid Gain for Korean Hearing Impaired version 2.0 (HAG-K v2.0), the Korean-type hearing aid fitting formula to improve the satisfaction of hearing aids and the communication ability of the Korean hearing impaired.Methods: HAG-K v2.0 was compared to NAL-NL2 with real-ear insertion gain (REIG) of the Korean hearing impaired, which was produced by considering most comfortable level and uncomfortable level, the levels and spectra of Korean conversational speech, band importance function, and preferred gain.Results: When REIG produced from HAG-K v2.0 was compared to NAL-NL2, it resulted low at HTL 40 and 80 dB HL and the compression threshold of HAG-K v2.0 was higher in all HTL compared to NAL-NL2. And the compression ratio was high at HTL 40 dB HL for NAL-NL2 and at 80 dB HL for HAG-K v2.0.Conclusion: HAG-K v2.0 developed in this study is the initial version of the Korean-type hearing aid fitting formula considering the characteristics of Korean conversational speech levels, spectra and preferred gain. With the systematic corrections and supplements for HAG-K v2.0 in the future, the Korean hearing impaired would benefit from this formula in electroacoustic control of the hearing aids.