bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful Kidney Transplantation in a Patient with Unipapillary Kidney
Authors: Kosoku Akihiro , Uchida Junji , Shimada Hisao , Kabei Kazuya , Nishide Shunji , Iwai Tomoaki , Kuwabara Nobuyuki , Naganuma Toshihide , Maeda Keiko , Kumada Norihiko , Takemoto Yoshiaki , Nakatanti Tatsuya
Published: August 2018

A unipapillary kidney is a very rare anomaly in humans. In this paper, we report on a case of a 47-year-old woman with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) due to unipapillary kidney, who had been on hemodialysis for 20 years and who had successfully received deceased-donor kidney transplantation. The aim of this report is to present a case of a rare unipapillary kidney patient who underwent kidney transplantation without any urological complications. Our results suggest that kidney transplantation may be an effective renal replacement therapy for patients with ESKD due to unipapillary kidney.
An Autopsy Case of Edwardsiella tarda Meningoencephalitis
Authors: Makino Takahiro , Sugano Isamu , Kamitsukasa Ikuo
Published: August 2018

A 62-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse was admitted with a headache and rapidly progressing altered consciousness that led to coma over several hours. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures were positive for Edwardsiella tarda. Despite prompt treatment initiation, the patient died on the third hospital day. Autopsy showed meningitis of the entire cerebrum with ventriculitis, and alcoholic fatty liver was observed. Clinicians should be cognizant of E. tarda meningoencephalitis, a rare presentation which can be associated with poor outcomes in patients with excessive alcohol consumption and alcoholic liver disease.
Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis with Crescentic and Necrotizing Glomerulonephritis and Concurrent Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Authors: Tsui Calvin , Dokouhaki Pouneh , Prasad Bhanu
Published: August 2018

We present a 77-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with nephrotic-range proteinuria, microhematuria, renal impairment, and extremely elevated blood pressure. She had a long history of well-controlled type 2 diabetes. Renal biopsy revealed fibrillary deposits in the mesangium and glomerular basement membrane consistent with fibrillary glomerulopathy (FGN), with crescentic changes and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). We could not identify any radiological, clinical, or laboratory evidence of autoimmune disorders, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancy. It was decided not to offer her any immunosuppressive therapy, as she was frail with substantial renal damage on the biopsy. Five months after presentation, she gradually progressed to requiring renal replacement therapy and is currently on maintenance hemodialysis. Crescentic changes in FGN, though rare, have been previously described, but the concurrent presence of TMA has never been previously reported.
Blood in a Haab Stria
Authors: Lages Vânia , Coelho João , Abreu Carolina , Menéres Maria João , Barbosa Irene
Published: August 2018

We describe a case of an asymptomatic and spontaneous intracorneal hemorrhage in an adult with congenital glaucoma and blood collected in a Haab stria.
History, Current Advances, Problems, and Pitfalls of Nephrology in Russia
Authors: Zakharova Elena
Published: August 2018

Background: The anatomy and physiology of kidneys as well as kidney diseases have been studied in Russia since the 18th century. However, there was a surge in interest in the 1920s, with numerous researchers and clinicians making substantial advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology, pathology, and diagnostics of kidney diseases. The field of nephrology as clinical practice can be traced back to 1957–1958, when the first beds for patients with kidney diseases became available and the first hemodialysis procedure was performed. Nephrology and hemodialysis units were opened soon after, offering kidney biopsy, corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapies, and dialysis for acute renal failure and end stage of renal disease. In 1965 kidney transplantation commenced. Between 1970 and 1990, the number of centers providing care for patients with kidney diseases increased; however, they were insufficient to meet the demands of native kidney disorders and renal replacement therapy. To address this, several educational institutions established postgraduate programs in nephrology and dialysis, and professional societies and journals were funded. While economic changes at the end of the 1990s resulted in a rapid increase of dialysis service, kidney transplantation and pathology-based diagnostics of kidney diseases remained underdeveloped. During the last 2 decades cooperation among international professional societies, continuing medical education courses, and the translation and implementation of international guidelines have resulted in substantial improvements in the quality of care provided to patients with kidney diseases. Summary: We describe the history and development of clinical nephrology, dialysis, kidney transplantation, education in nephrology and dialysis, professional societies and journals, and registry of patients on renal replacement therapy in Russia during almost 60 years. We also present the most recent registry data analysis, address current problems and difficulties, and stress the role of incorporation into the international nephrology community. Key Message: Nephrology in Russia, despite currently experiencing many difficulties, made great advances during the 60 years of its development. General nephrology, nephropathology, and renal replacement therapy are developing fast; implementation of international guidelines, access to modern educational tools, and cooperation with international professional societies are improving the quality of care of renal patients and ensuring further progress.
Noninfectious Inflammatory Response following Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injections: Description of a Cluster of Cases in Two Centers and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Trivizki Omer , Schwartz Shulamit , Negri Neta , Loewenstein Anat , Rabina Gilad , Shulman Shiri
Published: August 2018

Purpose: To report a cluster of high incidence of noninfectious inflammatory reaction shortly after bevacizumab injection. Methods: Data were collected from medical records of consecutive patients who underwent bevacizumab injections and presented with acute uveitis within 1–4 days. Results: All 7 patients were injected intravitreally with bevacizumab from different batches and presented with visual deterioration. One patient with anterior uveitis complained of pain. None had hypopyon. Three patients with vitritis underwent a vitreous tap with an intravitreal injection of vancomycin and ceftazidime for possible infectious endophthalmitis. All patients received intensive topical antibiotic drops and steroids, and the intraocular inflammation resolved completely within 1 month. Five patients continued to receive bevacizumab injections without recurrent episodes. Conclusions: Our series demonstrates an incidence of noninfectious inflammatory reaction shortly after bevacizumab injection that is higher than that reported in the literature. The cause is more likely the preparation process in the same compounding pharmacy.
Transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade e cocaína-crack
Authors: Cancian Ana Carolina Maciel , Germano Luiza Drissen Signorelli , Cerutti Fernanda , Oliveira Margareth Da Silva
Published: August 2018

O objetivo, neste estudo, foi analisar a relação entre o uso de cocaína-crack e o diagnóstico de transtorno de déficit de atenção com hiperatividade. Foram analisadas associações entre o grupo clínico de usuários de cocaína-crack e o não clínico, proveniente da população geral, de amostra de 971 participantes, que responderam ao Adult Self-Report. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas relacionadas à presença do diagnóstico de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (p=0,001), como problemas de atenção (p=0,001) que podem estar relacionados a alterações associadas à busca por situações recompensadoras, como o uso de substâncias. Isso, aliado à impulsividade, nos dois transtornos, tornaria tal associação digna de formulação de diretrizes específicas a fim de maximizar a eficácia do tratamento.
Scientific evidence on therapeutic marihuana use in individuals treated in Health Care Services
Authors: Acosta Leslie Del Carmen Luza , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena
Published: August 2018

The aim of this integrative review was to “identify, synthesize and evaluate the scientific evidence available on therapeutic marihuana use in those treated in health care services”. The articles analyzed were selected from the following databases LILACS, CINAHL and MEDLINE and using tools such as WOS (Web of Science) and SCOPUS. After a broad search in Spanish, Portuguese and English, a total of ninety article were identified. The final selection consisted of six articles, four of which were primary articles and the other two were case studies. The analysis found that there are gaps in the evidence on the therapeutic effects of cannabis. Some positive effects are suggested, potentially useful in some cases, but probable adverse effects were also reported, it being therefore recommended that use of marihuana and marihuana-based products be weighed up depending on the pathologies present in the individual.
Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform in the Developing World: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why?
Authors: Coxhead Ian , Grainger Corbett
Published: August 2018

Fossil fuel subsidies are widespread in developing countries, where reform efforts are often derailed by disputes over the likely distribution of gains and losses. The impacts of subsidy reform are transmitted to households through changes in energy prices and prices of other goods and services, as well as through factor earnings. Most empirical studies focus on consumer expenditures alone, and computable general equilibrium analyses typically report only total effects without decomposing them by source. Meanwhile, analytical models neglect important open-economy characteristics relevant to developing countries. In this paper, we develop an analytical model of a small open economy with a preexisting fossil fuel subsidy and identify direct and indirect impacts of subsidy reform on real household incomes. Our results, illustrated with data from Viet Nam, highlight two important drivers of distributional change: (i) the mix of tradable and nontradable goods, reflecting the structure of a trade-dependent economy; and (ii) household heterogeneity in sources of factor income.
Height and Climate in Mediterranean Spain, 1850–1949
Authors: Galofré-Vilà Gregori , Martínez-Carrión José-Miguel , Puche Javier
Published: August 2018

Analysis of anthropometric evidence about conscripts born in the region of València (Mediterranean Spain) between 1850 and 1949, in conjunction with high-resolution gridded climatic data and GIS analysis, finds that modern agriculture within a warm climate was conducive not only to regional economic development but also to improvements in health, as signified by increased height. The most benefits accrued to those living in irrigated rural areas. Results show a strong influence of summer and autumn weather on growth, overlapping with the production of food. In irrigated areas, warm temperatures mattered much more than rainfall, whereas in nonirrigated areas, rainfall was crucial for the development of well-being.
Emerson's Telescope: Jones Very and Romantic Individualism
Authors: Davis Clark
Published: August 2018

Ralph Waldo Emerson described the poet Jones Very as a “telescope,” the kind of intensely focused idealist who challenges the commitments of those he encounters. Very can be compared to Herman Melville's Bartleby as a test case that reveals the limits of nineteenth-century individualism and late romanticism.
Transforming an Environmentally Pernicious Holiday into an Environmentally Healthy Festival
Authors: Kerret Dorit , Tal Alon
Published: August 2018

While the environmental impacts of religious and secular holidays are increasingly characterized, interventions to reduce their effects are modest and poorly understood. Israel’s L’ag B’omer holiday has emerged as a major air pollution source due to the common practice of lighting bonfires. We implemented and evaluated an intervention amongst Israeli school children in which they were challenged to design and adopt alternative “environmentally friendly” celebrations that maintained the holiday spirit. The interventions were observed and a mixed method approach applied to study implementation involving, interviews with teachers, parents and students as well as an ex-post questionnaire answered by participants. Children supporting environmental celebrations displayed higher levels of environmental behavior, and environmental hope than those preferring bonfires. Those who voted for an environmental alternative, against the majority, also displayed higher levels of self-control skills. The study confirms the potential of well-designed, environmentally friendly holiday celebrations to replace environmentally deleterious ones.
Sponge grounds of Artemisina (Porifera, Demospongiae) in the Iberian Peninsula, ecological characterization by ROV techniques
Authors: RÍOS PILAR , AGUILAR RICARDO , TORRIENTE ANA , MUÑOZ ARACELI , CRISTOBO JAVIER
Published: August 2018

Artemisina Vosmaer, 1885 is a poecilosclerid microcionoid sponge genus with 20 valid species, seven of which have been recorded in the Atlantic Ocean.The present study describes Artemisina sponge grounds in Iberia Peninsula. A. transiens is a sponge described in 1890 by Topsent in Galicia (Spain); A. hispanica was also collected in the north of Spain by Ferrer-Hernández (1917); World Porifera Database (WPD) considers at the moment both mushroom-shaped species as synonyms (van Soest et al., 2018), but we have only been able to check the types of A. hispanica. The studied samples were collected in Somos Llungo station and they correspond clearly to those described as A. hispanica by Ferrer-Hernández (1917) and it presents differences in the skeleton with respet to description of A. transiens in the literture. There are no more records after 1917 and there are no data of ecological characterisation nor is there a detailed description of its skeletal composition with Scanning Electron Microscopy. In the previous records the formation of sponge grounds of these species was not known.                                                                                                                          Oceana, the largest international organization focused solely on protecting the world’s oceans, has recorded the habitat of Artemisina in Atlantic and Cantabrian waters during a series of ROV cruises for the identification of marine areas with high ecological value that need protection. Its life conditions and associated fauna are described from direct observations for the first time.
From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region
Authors: CÁRDENAS PACO , VACELET JEAN , CHEVALDONNÉ PIERRE , PÉREZ THIERRY , XAVIER JOANA R.
Published: August 2018

Caminella Lendenfeld, 1894 is a poorly known Geodiidae genus with unclear phylogenetic relationships. In order to find new lines of evidence that could shed light on the evolutionary history of Caminella, we decided to revise type material and museum material, as well as examine new material from underwater caves and deep-sea ecosystems. In doing so, we formally show that Isops maculosus Vosmaer, 1894 and Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894 are junior synonyms of Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). We discuss different spicule morphological phenotypes in C. intuta, which may be linked to silica availability. We also discovered two new species of deep-sea Caminella: 1) from Cape Verde (Caminella caboverdensis sp. nov.) and 2) from seamounts located south of the Azores archipelago and the North of Spain (Caminella pustula sp. nov.). We reveal that Caminella sterrasters have complex surface microstructures, unique amongst the Geodiidae, where actin tips are linked to each other. Molecular markers (COI, 28S (C1-D2) and 18S) sequenced for some specimens led to new phylogenetic analyses, which continue to suggest a close relationship of Caminella with the Erylinae and Calthropella; these affinities are discussed in light of morphological characters.
Sponge inventory of the French Mediterranean waters, with an emphasis on cave-dwelling species
Authors: GRENIER MARIE , RUIZ CÉSAR , FOURT MAIA , SANTONJA MATHIEU , DUBOIS MAUDE , KLAUTAU MICHELLE , VACELET JEAN , BOURY-ESNAULT NICOLE , PÉREZ THIERRY
Published: August 2018

Mediterranean sponges represent about 10 % of the world sponge biodiversity, with these sessile organisms dominating in terms of diversity and biomass in most of the rocky bottoms shaded from light. After 60 years of intensive study of the sponge diversity along the French coast, we present the first comprehensive reference-list for this biogeographic area. A total of 389 sponge species was recorded, of which 222 known in the Marseille region. In this area, special attention was paid to species from underwater caves. Although this particular habitat appeared as one of the richest, a wealth of hidden diversity still requires description. About 37 % of the sponge diversity can be found in underwater caves, most of these species being also distributed in other habitats. However, 23 % of this sponge diversity is cave-exclusive. An easy and rapid assessment method was developed with a selection of 65 representative sponge species, for the monitoring of semi-dark cave communities. This method, based on data acquisition with photoquadrats and their processing using a DataBase built with ACCESS, was deployed in 13 studied sites. Altogether, this study represents a useful contribution for marine environment managers who might refer to this French reference list and apply the rapid and easy assessment method in the framework of several European Directives and international Conventions.
A new cave-dwelling species of Plakina (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from Crete, Greece (South Aegean Sea)
Authors: LAGE ANAÍRA , ARAUJO HANNAH PAOLA MOTA , GEROVASILEIOU VASILIS , MURICY GUILHERME
Published: August 2018

Recent studies showed a high diversity of the class Homoscleromorpha (Porifera) in the North Aegean Sea. In the South Aegean Sea, however, only one species of the homoscleromorph genus Plakina, P. weinbergi, was reported so far. Here we describe a new species of Plakina from a marine cave in the South Aegean Sea (Crete Island, Greece), viz., Plakina strongylata sp. nov. The new species is white, fragile, with a highly folded surface, and its spicules are diods, triods and calthrops with rounded extremities plus mono- and dilophose diods, mono-, di- and trilophose triods, and mono-, di, tri- and tetralophose calthrops. The number of Plakina species worldwide is raised to 35, of which nine occur in the Aegean Sea.
Two new Hamacantha (Vomerula) from the Rio Grande Rise (SW Atlantic (Hamacanthidae, Porifera)
Authors: CASTELLO-BRANCO CRISTIANA , HAJDU EDUARDO
Published: August 2018

Hamacantha occurs worldwide and frequently in deep-waters. It is easily distinguished from any other sponge by the possession of conspicuous diancistra microscleres. Here we describe two new species from the Rio Grande Rise. Hamacantha (Vomerula) jeanvaceleti sp. nov. is the sole Hamacantha with styles, diancistras in two categories with the smaller ones cyrtancistra-like; and H. (V.) klausruetzleri sp. nov., the sole with two types of megascleres (styles and strongyles), two categories of diancistras, and two categories of sigmas.
A Comparative Study of Fog and Low Ceilings at the Portland, Ore., (Swan Is.) Airport and the New Portland-Columbia Airport*
Authors: Williams Philip
Published: August 2018

The present Portland airport located on Swan Is. in the Willamette River is to be moved in the near future to the larger and more spacious Portland Columbia Airport on the Columbia River. Since terminal forecasts will soon be made for this new airport, comparative weather conditions, especialy fog, are of interest.

In the study, Portland Columbia was found to have 31% more hours per year with visibility equal to or less than ½ mile, and also slightly more hours with ceilings equal to or less than 600 feet. This makes Portland Columbia somewhat less favorable for airline operations. Portland Columbia also has 23% more days per year, on the average, with visibility equal to or less than ½ mile and/or ceilings equal to or less than 600 ft. However, the strong easterly winds of the Columbia River Gorge are a factor which frequently keep Portland Columbia relatively fog free while Swan Is. has dense fog.

Portland Columbia airport has the advantage of being so located as to have considerably less city smoke, and because of this, less hours of instrument weather.
The Annual March of Temperature at Washington, D. C.*
Authors: Slocum Giles
Published: August 2018

A number of diagrams are shown, contrasting day-by-day average temperatures at Washington with the accepted “normals”, showing extreme highest and lowest temperatures for each day of the year, the “January Thaw,” a recurrent cold period in February, an estimation of the potentially highest and lowest temperatures at Washington, and recent abnormal temperature trends are discussed. The annual day-by-day march of degree days for heating is also noted. The results in general suggest some revision of the popular conception of “normals” is in order.
Examples and Outline of Certain Modifications in Upper-Air Analysis*
Authors: Montgomery R. B. , Spilhaus Athelstan F.
Published: August 2018

The first part deals with methods of isentropic analysis on the scaled values of data transmitted for the purpose by the United States Weather Bureau. The practical application of shear-stability ratio vectors is demonstrated. A logical order of analysis is presented, designed to make the fullest possible use of all data available. The preferred isopleths for direct representation are those of temperature, acceleration potential and specific humidity; a system of isopleth spacing convenient in conjunction with surface weather maps is employed.

In the second part the properties of various surfaces for upper-air analysis are systematically studied. It is found that severe restrictions exist in the use of surfaces of constant entropy or potential temperature. All the properties discussed are however adequately satisfied by a surface of constant potential virtual temperature, a quantity newly introduced and defined as the potential temperature of matter of standard composition, in this case dry air, at the same pressure and density as the sample. The thermodynamic configuration of this surface is described by isotherms of virtual temperature.
Pressure Changes And “Tornadoes” (Squalls) On the West Coast Of Africa*
Authors: Regula H.
Published: August 2018

SYNOPSIS

Forecasting the weather on the west coast of Africa is made difficult by the inaccurate pressure reports of ships at sea and of land stations whose elevation are not definitely known. However, from reliable reports of coastal stations a relation between pressure changes and wind variations is demonstrated, (see fig. 2–4). In each example a 24–48 hour pressure fall with onshore winds all along the coast was followed by a 24–48 hour pressure rise with off-shore winds. Two examples of pressure variations on a ship's barogram when a “tornado” occurred are given in fig. 5–6. Each diagram shows a falling pressure tendency followed by a rising tendency, with the “tornado” at the minimum pressure in the first case and 10 hours after the minimum in the second case. Evidently whenever these tendencies are observed together thunderstorms should be forecasted. This is born out for the statistics July to October 1934 which show 15 thunderstorms on the 22 days when the pressure was rapidly rising, and only 10 thunderstorms for the other 61 days!
WRF Model Study of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet: Effects of Grid Spacing and Boundary Layer Parameterization
Authors: Smith Elizabeth N. , Gibbs Jeremy A. , Fedorovich Evgeni , Klein Petra M.
Published: August 2018

Previous studies have shown that the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model often underpredicts the strength of the Great Plains nocturnal low-level jet (NLLJ), which has implications for weather, climate, aviation, air quality, and wind energy in the region. During the Lower Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (LABLE) conducted in 2012, NLLJs were frequently observed at high temporal resolution, allowing for detailed documentation of their development and evolution throughout the night. Ten LABLE cases with observed NLLJs were chosen to systematically evaluate the WRF Model’s ability to reproduce the observed NLLJs. Model runs were performed with 4-, 2-, and 1-km horizontal spacing and with the default stretched vertical grid and a nonstretched 40-m vertically spaced grid to investigate which grid configurations are optimal for NLLJ modeling. These tests were conducted using three common boundary layer parameterization schemes: Mellor–Yamada Nakanishi Niino, Yonsei University, and Quasi-Normal Scale Elimination. It was found that refining horizontal spacing does not necessarily improve the modeled NLLJ wind. Increasing the number of vertical levels on a non-stretched grid provides more information about the structure of the NLLJ with some schemes, but the benefit is limited by computational expense and model stability. Simulations of the NLLJ were found to be less sensitive to boundary layer parameterization than to grid configuration. The Quasi-Normal Scale Elimination scheme was chosen for future NLLJ simulation studies.
Ensemble Spread Grows More Rapidly in Higher-Resolution Simulations of Deep Convection
Authors: Weyn Jonathan A. , Durran Dale R.
Published: August 2018

Idealized ensemble simulations of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) with horizontal grid spacings of 1, 1.4, and 2 km are used to analyze the influence of numerical resolution on the rate of growth of ensemble spread in convection-resolving numerical models. The ensembles are initialized with random phases of 91-km-wavelength moisture perturbations that are captured with essentially identical accuracy at all resolutions. The rate of growth of ensemble variance is shown to systematically increase at higher resolution. The largest horizontal wavelength at which the perturbation kinetic energy (KE′) grows to at least 50% of the background kinetic energy spectrum is also shown to grow more rapidly at higher resolution. The mechanism by which the presence of smaller scales accelerates the upscale growth of KE′ is clear-cut in the smooth-saturation Lorenz–Rotunno–Snyder (ssLRS) model of homogeneous surface quasigeostrophic turbulence. Comparing the growth of KE′ from the MCS ensemble simulations to that in the ssLRS model suggests interactions between perturbations at small scales, where KE′ is not yet completely saturated, and somewhat larger scales, where KE′ is clearly unsaturated, are responsible for the faster growth rate of ensemble variance at finer resolution. These results provide some empirical justification for the use of deep-convection-related stochastic parameterization schemes to reduce the problem of underdispersion in coarser-resolution ensemble prediction systems.
Political Consequences of Survival Strategies among the Urban Poor
Authors: Desmond Matthew , Travis Adam
Published: August 2018

Combining ethnographic and statistical methods, this study identifies interlocking mechanisms that help explain how disadvantaged neighborhoods influence their residents’ political capacity. Support systems that arise in low-income neighborhoods promote social interaction that helps people make ends meet, but these systems also expose residents to heavy doses of adversity, which dampens perceptions of collective political capacity. For the poorest residents of these neighborhoods in particular, the expected positive effect of informal social support is suppressed by the negative effect of perceived trauma. These findings present a micro-level account of poverty, social interaction, and political capacity, one that holds implications for scholarship and public policy on participatory inequality.
Relationship between interpersonal violence victimization and suicide risk in Indian college students: Does prior exposure to interpersonal violence also matter?
Authors: Chang Edward C , Kamble Shanmukh V , Li Mingqi , Zhou Zihao , Yang Jeff Z , Duan Tianbi , Batterbee Casey N-H , Chang Olivia D
Published: August 2018

We examined interpersonal violence victimization and prior interpersonal violence exposure as predictors of suicide risk, namely, suicide ideation and suicide attempt, in a sample of 207 Indian college students. Results of regression analyses indicated that interpersonal violence victimization, but not prior interpersonal violence exposure, was a unique predictor of suicide risk, independent of age and sex. Finally, we found support for a significant Interpersonal Violence Victimization × Past Interpersonal Violence Exposure interaction effect consistent with the notion that the association between interpersonal violence victimization and suicide risk is potentiated by the presence of prior interpersonal violence exposure among Indian students.
Geographical inequity in social work research: A snapshot of research publications from the global South
Authors: Roche Steven , Flynn Catherine
Published: August 2018

Social work is observing an increasing awareness of geographical inequity in knowledge creation and dissemination, an interest in research by scholars from the global South, and debates about the extent to which the multiple contexts of social work are recognised. This article extends understandings of these research dynamics through reviewing recent articles authored in the global South and published in the 10 largest social work journals, subjecting them to analysis across institutional affiliation, author order and research type. Findings highlight an absence of knowledge from the global South, identifying major gaps in social work theorising, research and knowledge.
Western and Islamic International Theories
Authors: Nuruzzaman Mohammed
Published: August 2018

Islamic theories of international relations (IR) have been traditionally dominated by debates between two distinct approaches—traditionalism and modernism. A third perspective, often labelled the ‘jihadist perspective’, has emerged following the 11 September 2001 attacks and this radical perspective principally embodies the worldview of al-Qaeda and its off-shoot the Islamic State. The jihadist perspective directly challenges the Western concepts, methods and theories of IR. This article examines how the Islamic and Western international theories clash in terms of ontological foundations, epistemological approaches and modes of inquiry. It argues that Islamic discourse on IR has contributed to the development of a set of theories to analyse and interpret relations between the Islamic and the non-Islamic world, and secondly, it implicitly presents arguments in favour of opening up IR for rather more global perspectives.
Better peacekeepers, better protection? Troop quality of United Nations peace operations and violence against civilians
Authors: Haass Felix , Ansorg Nadine
Published: August 2018

Why do similarly sized peacekeeping missions vary in their effectiveness to protect civilians in conflicts? We argue that peace operations with a large share of troops from countries with high-quality militaries are better able to deter violence from state and non-state actors and create buffer zones within conflict areas, can better reach remote locations, and have superior capabilities – including diplomatic pressure by troop contributing countries – to monitor the implementation of peace agreements. These operational advantages enable them to better protect civilians. Combining data from military expenditures of troop contributing countries together with monthly data on the composition of peace operations, we create a proxy indicator for the average troop quality of UN PKOs. Statistical evidence from an extended sample of conflicts in Africa and Asia between 1991 and 2010 supports our argument.
Nicorandil-induced penile ulceration – surgical excision: case series and review of literature
Authors: Mokool L , Rooney H , Ramsay A , James A , Nalagatla SK
Published: August 2018

Nicorandil, a nicotinamide ester, is used in the prevention of angina pectoris. There is now a well-established association of perianal ulceration and the use of the drug. However, in the recent years, there have been reports of penile skin, vulval and even vaginal ulcers caused by nicorandil. We report three cases of nicorandil-induced penile ulcers which were surgically managed, and present a review of current literature.
Empty stocks and loose paper: Governing access to medicines through informality in Northern India
Authors: Dahdah Marine Al , Kumar Aalok , Quet Mathieu
Published: August 2018

Based upon research in the state of Bihar, India, this article argues that informal access to medicines in Northern India is a core element of the government of healthcare. Informal providers such as unlicensed village doctors and unlicensed drug sellers play a major role in access to medicines in Bihar, in the particular context of the dismantling of public procurement services. Building on recent works in the socio-anthropology of pharmaceuticals, the article shows the importance of taking into account the political economy of drugs in India, in order to understand local problems of access more fully. If informal providers occupy such an important position in the government of healthcare in India, this is partly due to the shaping of healthcare as access to drugs on health markets. Elaborating the argument from interviews with health professionals and patients, the article first shows the situation of public healthcare and public procurement in Bihar; then it presents the role of informal medicine providers; lastly, it shows how patients deal with the fact that they live in a ‘pharmaceutical world’ where access to health equates with access to medicines.
A study of the influence of cognitive complaints, cognitive performance and symptoms of anxiety and depression on self-efficacy in patients with acquired brain injury
Authors: Brands Ingrid MH , Verlinden Inge , Ribbers Gerard M
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To examine the relationship between self-efficacy for managing brain injury–specific symptoms and cognitive performance, subjective cognitive complaints and anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with acquired brain injury (ABI).

Design:

Clinical cohort study.

Setting:

General hospitals, rehabilitation centres.

Subjects:

A total of 122 patients with newly ABI (mean age = 54.4 years (SD, 12.2)) were assessed at discharge home from inpatient neurorehabilitation or at start of outpatient neurorehabilitation after discharge home from acute hospital. Mean time since injury was 14.1 weeks (SD, 8.6).

Main measures:

Self-efficacy was measured using the Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SEsx), mean score = 82.9 (SD, 21.8). Objective cognitive performance was measured with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), mean z-score = −1.36 (SD, 1.31). Anxiety and depression symptoms were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), cognitive complaints with the self-rating form of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX-P).

Results:

Higher levels of subjective cognitive complaints and higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms were significantly associated with lower self-efficacy (β = −0.35; P = .001 and β =−0.43; P < .001, respectively). Objective cognitive performance was not significantly associated with self-efficacy (β = 0.04, P = .53). DEX-P scores accounted for 42% and HADS scores for 7% of the total 57% variance explained. Objective cognitive performance did not correlate significantly with subjective cognitive complaints (r = −.13, P = .16).

Conclusion:

Control over interfering emotions and mastery over brain injury–associated symptoms seems important in the development of self-efficacy for managing brain injury–specific symptoms.
Public Comments’ Influence on Science Use in U.S. Rulemaking: The Case of EPA’s National Emission Standards
Authors: Costa Mia , Desmarais Bruce A. , Hird John A.
Published: August 2018

Scholarship on bureaucratic policymaking has long focused on both the use of expertise and public accountability. However, few have considered the degree to which public input affects the use of research in U.S. regulatory impact analyses (RIAs). We examine changes in the research that is cited in RIAs in response to public comments to assess the influence of participation on the use of information for rulemaking. We conduct an in-depth analysis of comments on a major proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rule to determine whether regulators alter the evidence used based on public input and whether some types of commenters have more influence than others. We analyze the text similarity of comments to scientific research utilized in the RIAs to determine whether regulators iteratively update their rule justification based on scientific information referenced in comments. We find support for seminal subgovernment theories about the relationship between business interests, Congress, and the bureaucracy; in relation to all kinds of commenters, members of Congress and industry groups had the strongest effect on changes in the research used in the RIAs. The article provides one of the first statistical analyses of science exchange between the public and a bureaucratic agency.
Prompt admission to intensive care is associated with improved survival in patients with severe sepsis and/or septic shock
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Jiajiong , Liu Guomin , Xu Meng , Qin Yanguo , Han Qin , Liu He , Wang Xiaonan , Wang Zonghan , Yang Kerong , Gao Chaohua , Wang Jin-cheng , Zhang Zhongheng
Published: August 2018

Objective

To investigate the association between time from hospital admission to intensive care unit (ICU) admission (door to ICU time) and hospital mortality in patients with sepsis.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included routinely collected healthcare data from patients with sepsis. The primary endpoint was hospital mortality, defined as the survival status at hospital discharge. Door to ICU time was calculated and included in a multivariable model to investigate its association with mortality.

Results

Data from 13 115 patients were included for analyses, comprising 10 309 survivors and 2 806 non-survivors. Door to ICU time was significantly longer for non-survivors than survivors (median, 43.0 h [interquartile range, 12.4, 91.3] versus 26.7 h [7.0, 74.2]). In the multivariable regression model, door to ICU time remained significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.006, 1.017) and there was a significant interaction between age and door to ICU time (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99, 1.00).

Conclusion

A shorter time from hospital door to ICU admission was shown to be independently associated with reduced hospital mortality in patients with severe sepsis and/or septic shock.
Effect of the H1-antihistamine clemastine on PACAP38 induced migraine
Authors: Vollesen Luise Haulund , Guo Song , Andersen Malene Rohr , Ashina Messoud
Published: August 2018

Objective

To investigate the effect of the H1-antihistamine clemastine on the migraine-inducing abilities of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38.

Methods

We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled two-way cross-over study. Twenty migraine without aura patients were randomly allocated to receive bolus clemastine 2 mg (1 mg/ml) or bolus saline 2 ml intravenously over 2 min on two study days. Following each bolus injection, 10 pmol/kg/min of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 was administered intravenously over 20 min. We recorded migraine/headache characteristics every 10 min until 90 min after the start of infusion, and collected blood to investigate mast cell degranulation and the inflammation markers tryptase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha before and after infusion of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38.

Results

After clemastine pretreatment, five out of 20 participants developed a migraine-like attack in response to a pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 infusion compared to nine out of 20 after placebo pretreatment ( p = 0.288). Following clemastine pretreatment, 15 out of 20 participants reported headache in response to a pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 infusion, whereas 19 out of 20 participants did so following placebo pretreatment ( p = 0.221). We found no difference in area under the curve 12 h for headache intensity between the two experimental days ( p = 0.481). We found no difference in area under the curve 180 min for tryptase ( p = 0.525) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( p = 0.487) between clemastine and placebo pretreatment days.

Conclusion

H1-antihistamine, clemastine, failed to prevent migraine or headache after pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38 infusion, thus making a role for histamine release or mast cell degranulation in pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-38-induced migraine less likely.
Reduced Time to Surgery Improves Patient-Reported Outcome After Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Svedman Simon , Juthberg Robin , Edman Gunnar , Ackermann Paul W.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Patient outcome after an acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) continues to be suboptimal and heterogeneous. Thus, prognostic factors are called for to optimize evidence-based ATR treatment protocols; however, the influence of delayed time from injury to surgery (TTS) on patient outcome after ATR remains largely unknown.

Purpose:

To determine whether patient outcomes and adverse events after surgical repair of acute ATR are related to delayed TTS.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Two hundred twenty-eight patients with ATR who were treated with uniform anesthetic and surgical techniques, within 10 days after injury, were retrospectively assessed. TTS depended on availability of the operating theater, and neither surgeon nor patient could influence the TTS. Patients were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: short TTS (<48 hours), intermediate TTS (48-72 hours), and long TTS (>72 hours). Patient-reported outcome at 1 year was assessed with the validated Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score, with scores higher than 80 on a 0- to 100-point scale indicating an overall good outcome. The incidences of adverse events (perioperative and postoperative) and deep venous thrombosis were assessed.

Results:

Short TTS was significantly associated with increased rate of good outcome and reduced risk of adverse events. Seventy-one percent (95% CI, 60%-83%) of the patients with short TTS attained a good outcome compared with 44% (95% CI, 33%-56%) of the patients with long TTS ( P = .002), with the intermediate TTS group in between, 63% (95% CI, 47%-78%). The incidence of adverse events was significantly reduced among patients with short TTS, 1.4% (95% CI, 1%-4%) compared with those with intermediate TTS, 11% (95% CI, 2%-21%) ( P = .035) and those with long TTS, 14.8% (95% CI, 7%-23%) ( P = .003). The risk of sustaining a deep venous thrombosis was not statistically significantly different among the 3 groups ( P = .15).

Conclusion:

Patients with acute ATR undergoing operation within 48 hours after injury had better outcomes and a lower number of adverse events compared with patients undergoing operation after 72 hours. These results align with evidence-based recommendations from other surgical disciplines and should be used as guidelines for optimizing ATR treatment protocols.

Registration:

NTC01317160 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Component Score Prediction of In-hospital Mortality From Sepsis
Authors: Gupta Tushar , Puskarich Michael A. , DeVos Elizabeth , Javed Adnan , Smotherman Carmen , Sterling Sarah A. , Wang Henry E. , Moore Frederick A. , Jones Alan E. , Guirgis Faheem W.
Published: August 2018

Objectives:

Early organ dysfunction in sepsis confers a high risk of in-hospital mortality, but the relative contribution of specific types of organ failure to overall mortality is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive ability of individual types of organ failure to in-hospital mortality or prolonged intensive care.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study of adult emergency department patients with sepsis from October 1, 2013, to November 10, 2015. Multivariable regression was used to assess the odds ratios of individual organ failure types for the outcomes of in-hospital death (primary) and in-hospital death or ICU stay ≥ 3 days (secondary).

Results:

Of 2796 patients, 283 (10%) experienced in-hospital mortality, and 748 (27%) experienced in-hospital mortality or an ICU stay ≥ 3 days. The following components of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were most predictive of in-hospital mortality (descending order): coagulation (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.93), hepatic (1.58, 95% CI: 1.32-1.90), respiratory (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21-1.47), neurologic (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.07-1.35), renal (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.27), and cardiovascular (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.25). For mortality or ICU stay ≥3 days, the most predictive SOFA components were respiratory (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.79-2.16), neurologic (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.54-1.92), cardiovascular (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.23-1.54), coagulation (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10-1.55), and renal (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08-1.30) while hepatic SOFA (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.98-1.37) did not reach statistical significance ( P = .092).

Conclusion:

In this retrospective study, SOFA score components demonstrated varying predictive abilities for mortality in sepsis. Elevated coagulation or hepatic SOFA scores were most predictive of in-hospital death, while an elevated respiratory SOFA was most predictive of death or ICU stay >3 days.
Alcohol Use and Risk Factors for Sexual Aggression: Differences According to Relationship Status
Authors: Norona Jerika C. , Borsari Brian , Oesterle Daniel W. , Orchowski Lindsay M.
Published: August 2018

The present study examined the ways alcohol use and risk factors for sexual assault perpetration vary by relationship status. Participants included 242 college men (age = 18-22 years) from a northeastern university who identified as being single or in a casual or committed dating relationship with a female partner. ANCOVAs and paired t tests compared individuals who were single, casually dating, and in committed relationships on self-reported alcohol use during sexual situations, beliefs about sexual communication, behavior associated with sexual aggression, and peer approval of sexual aggression. Differences in alcohol use during sexual situations and behavior associated with sexual aggression according to relationship status emerged. Post hoc analyses examining whether alcohol use during sexual situations moderated significant associations between relationship status and behavior associated with sexual aggression suggested that men in committed relationships who endorsed more frequent alcohol use during sexual situations also endorsed more behavior associated with sexual aggression. Findings suggest that individuals in committed relationships who often use alcohol during sexual situations may be at increased risk of sexually aggressive behavior.