bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T Regulatory and T Helper 17 Cells in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: Facts and Perspectives
Authors: Alunno Alessia , Carubbi Francesco , Bistoni Onelia , Caterbi Sara , Bartoloni Elena , Mirabelli Giulia , Cannarile Francesca , Cipriani Paola , Giacomelli Roberto , Gerli Roberto
Published: April 2015

Historically, primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) was thought to be a T helper (h) 1 driven disease due to the predominance of CD4+T lymphocytes and their products in target organs and peripheral blood of patients. In the last decades, the identification of a number of T cell subsets, including Th17, T regulatory (Treg), and follicular helper T cells, challenged this long‐standing paradigm and prompted to identify their role in pSS pathogenesis. In addition the impact of abnormal proinflammatory cytokine production, such as IL‐6, IL‐17, IL‐22, and IL‐23, has also attracted considerable attention. However, although several studies have been carried out in experimental models and patients with pSS, many aspects concerning the role of Treg cells and IL‐17/Th17 cell system in pSS pathogenesis are not fully elucidated. In particular, the role played by different IL‐17‐producing T cell subsets as well as the effects of pharmacological therapies on Treg/Th17 cell balance represents an intriguing issue. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of current knowledge on Treg cells and IL‐17‐producing T cells in pSS pathogenesis. We believe that these insights into pSS pathogenesis may provide the basis for successful therapeutic intervention in this disease.
Neurodevelopmental Plasticity in Pre- and Postnatal Environmental Interactions: Implications for Psychiatric Disorders from an Evolutionary Perspective
Authors: Lee Young-A , Yamaguchi Yoshie , Goto Yukiori
Published: April 2015

Psychiatric disorders are disadvantageous behavioral phenotypes in humans. Accordingly, a recent epidemiological study has reported decreased fecundity in patients with psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Moreover, the fecundity of the relatives of these patients is not exceedingly higher compared to the fecundity of the relatives of normal subjects. Collectively, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among humans is expected to decrease over generations. Nevertheless, in reality, the prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders in humans either have been constant over a long period of time or have even increased more recently. Several attempts to explain this fact have been made using biological mechanisms, such as de novo gene mutations or variants, although none of these explanations is fully comprehensive. Here, we propose a hypothesis towards understanding the biological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders from evolutionary perspectives. This hypothesis considers that behavioral phenotypes associated with psychiatric disorders might have emerged in the evolution of organisms as a neurodevelopmental adaptation against adverse environmental conditions associated with stress.
Brain Abscess and Keratoacanthoma Suggestive of Hyper IgE Syndrome
Authors: Alyasin Soheyla , Amin Reza , Teymoori Alireza , Houshmand Hamidreza , Houshmand Gholamreza , Bahadoram Mohammad
Published: April 2015

Hyper immunoglobulin-E (IgE) syndrome is an autosomal immune deficiency disease. It is characterized by an increase in IgE and eosinophil count with both T-cell and B-cell malfunction. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy whose disease started with an unusual skin manifestation. When 6 months old he developed generalized red, nontender nodules and pathologic report of the skin lesion was unremarkable (inflammatory). Then he developed a painless, cold abscess. At the age of 4 years, he developed a seronegative polyarticular arthritis. Another skin biopsy was taken which was in favor of Keratoacanthoma. Laboratory workup for immune deficiency showed high eosinophil count and high level of immunoglobulin-E, due to some diagnostic criteria (NIH sores: 41 in 9-year-olds), he was suggestive of hyper IgE syndrome. At the age of 8, the patient developed an abscess in the left inguinal region. While in hospital, the patient developed generalized tonic colonic convulsion and fever. Brain computed tomography scan revealed an abscess in the right frontal lobe. Subsequently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain indicated expansion of the existing abscess to contralateral frontal lobe (left side). After evacuating the abscesses and administrating intravenous antibiotic, the patient’s condition improved dramatically and fever stopped.
Chi-Squared Distance Metric Learning for Histogram Data
Authors: Yang Wei , Xu Luhui , Chen Xiaopan , Zheng Fengbin , Liu Yang
Published: April 2015

Learning a proper distance metric for histogram data plays a crucial role in many computer vision tasks. The chi-squared distance is a nonlinear metric and is widely used to compare histograms. In this paper, we show how to learn a general form of chi-squared distance based on the nearest neighbor model. In our method, the margin of sample is first defined with respect to the nearest hits (nearest neighbors from the same class) and the nearest misses (nearest neighbors from the different classes), and then the simplex-preserving linear transformation is trained by maximizing the margin while minimizing the distance between each sample and its nearest hits. With the iterative projected gradient method for optimization, we naturally introduce thel2,1norm regularization into the proposed method for sparse metric learning. Comparative studies with the state-of-the-art approaches on five real-world datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Decreased Pulmonary Function in School Children in Western Japan after Exposures to Asian Desert Dusts and Its Association with Interleukin-8
Authors: Watanabe Masanari , Noma Hisashi , Kurai Jun , Sano Hiroyuki , Saito Rumiko , Abe Satoshi , Kimura Yutaka , Aiba Setsuya , Oshimura Mitsuo , Yamasaki Akira , Shimizu Eiji
Published: April 2015

The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of Asian dust storms (ADS) on pulmonary function of school children and the relationship of this effect with interleukin-8. Morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured daily in 399 children from April to May 2012 and in 384 of these children from March to May 2013. The data were analyzed for an association between ADS events and PEF by linear mixed models. Interleukin-8 transcriptional activity was assessed in THP-G8 cells stimulated by airborne particles collected on ADS days. Seven ADS days were identified: April 23 and 24, 2012; March 8 to 10, 2013; and March 19 and 20, 2013. Changes in PEF after ADS exposure were −8.17 L/min (95% confidence interval, −11.40 to −4.93) in 2012 and −1.17 L/min (−4.07 to 1.74) in 2013, and there was a significant difference between 2012 and 2013. Interleukin-8 transcriptional activity was significantly higher in 2012 at10.6±2.9-fold compared to3.7±0.4in March 8 to 10, 2013, and2.3±0.2in March 19 and 20, 2013. The influence of ADS events on pulmonary function of children differs with each ADS event and may be related to interleukin-8 production.
The Ovariectomized Rat as a Model for Studying Alveolar Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Johnston Bryan D. , Ward Wendy E.
Published: April 2015

In postmenopausal women, reduced bone mineral density at the hip and spine is associated with an increased risk of tooth loss, possibly due to a loss of alveolar bone. In turn, having fewer natural teeth may lead to compromised food choices resulting in a poor diet that can contribute to chronic disease risk. The tight link between alveolar bone preservation, tooth retention, better nutritional status, and reduced risk of developing a chronic disease begins with the mitigation of postmenopausal bone loss. The ovariectomized rat, a widely used preclinical model for studying postmenopausal bone loss that mimics deterioration of bone tissue in the hip and spine, can also be used to study mineral and structural changes in alveolar bone to develop drug and/or dietary strategies aimed at tooth retention. This review discusses key findings from studies investigating mandible health and alveolar bone in the ovariectomized rat model. Considerations to maximize the benefits of this model are also included. These include the measurement techniques used, the age at ovariectomy, the duration that a rat is studied after ovariectomy and habitual diet consumed.
Cognitive Impairment and Brain Imaging Characteristics of Patients with Congenital Cataracts, Facial Dysmorphism, Neuropathy Syndrome
Authors: Chamova Teodora , Zlatareva Dora , Raycheva Margarita , Bichev Stoyan , Kalaydjieva Luba , Tournev Ivailo
Published: April 2015

Congenital cataracts, facial dysmorphism, neuropathy (CCFDN) syndrome is a complex autosomal recessive multisystem disorder. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the degree of cognitive impairment in a cohort of 22 CCFDN patients and its correlation with patients’ age, motor disability, ataxia, and neuroimaging changes. Twenty-two patients with genetically confirmed diagnosis of CCFDN underwent a detailed neurological examination. Verbal and nonverbal intelligence, memory, executive functions, and verbal fluency wеre assessed in all the patients aged 4 to 47 years. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 20 affected patients. Eighteen affected were classified as having mild intellectual deficit, whereas 4 had borderline intelligence. In all psychometric tests, evaluating different cognitive domains, CCFDN patients had statistically significant lower scores when compared to the healthy control group. All cognitive domains seemed equally affected. The main abnormalities on brain MRI found in 19/20 patients included diffuse cerebral atrophy, enlargement of the lateral ventricles, and focal lesions in the subcortical white matter, different in number and size, consistent with demyelination more pronounced in the older CCFDN patients. The correlation analysis of the structural brain changes and the cognitive impairment found a statistically significant correlation only between the impairment of short-term verbal memory and the MRI changes.
microProtein Prediction Program (miP3): A Software for Predicting microProteins and Their Target Transcription Factors
Authors: de Klein Niek , Magnani Enrico , Banf Michael , Rhee Seung Yon
Published: April 2015

An emerging concept in transcriptional regulation is that a class of truncated transcription factors (TFs), called microProteins (miPs), engages in protein-protein interactions with TF complexes and provides feedback controls. A handful of miP examples have been described in the literature but the extent of their prevalence is unclear. Here we present an algorithm that predicts miPs and their target TFs from a sequenced genome. The algorithm is called miP prediction program (miP3), which is implemented in Python. The software will help shed light on the prevalence, biological roles, and evolution of miPs. Moreover, miP3 can be used to predict other types of miP-like proteins that may have evolved from other functional classes such as kinases and receptors. The program is freely available and can be applied to any sequenced genome.
Impact of Bromocriptine-QR Therapy on Glycemic Control and Daily Insulin Requirement in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects Whose Dysglycemia Is Poorly Controlled on High-Dose Insulin: A Pilot Study
Authors: Roe Erin D. , Chamarthi Bindu , Raskin Philip
Published: April 2015

Background. The concurrent use of a postprandial insulin sensitizing agent, such as bromocriptine-QR, a quick release formulation of bromocriptine, a dopamine D2 receptor agonist, may offer a strategy to improve glycemic control and limit/reduce insulin requirement in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients on high-dose insulin. This open label pilot study evaluated this potential utility of bromocriptine-QR.Methods. Ten T2DM subjects on metformin (1-2 gm/day) and high-dose (TDID ≥ 65 U/day) basal-bolus insulin were enrolled to receive once daily (morning) bromocriptine-QR (1.6–4.8 mg/day) for 24 weeks. Subjects with at least one postbaselineHbA1cmeasurement (N=8) were analyzed for change from baselineHbA1c, TDID, and postprandial glucose area under the curve of a four-hour mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT).Results. Compared to the baseline, averageHbA1cdecreased 1.76% (9.74±0.56to7.98±0.36,P=0.01), average TDID decreased 27% (199±33to147±31,P=0.009), and MMTT AUC60–240decreased 32% (P=0.04) over the treatment period. The decline inHbA1cand TDID was observed at 8 weeks and sustained over the remaining 16-week study duration.Conclusion. In this study, bromocriptine-QR therapy improved glycemic control and meal tolerance while reducing insulin requirement in T2DM subjects poorly controlled on high-dose insulin therapy.
Awareness of Prediabetes and Diabetes among Persons with Clinical Depression
Authors: Rosedale Mary , Strauss Shiela M. , Knight Candice , Malaspina Dolores
Published: April 2015

Background. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly comorbid with diabetes, a relationship underappreciated by clinicians.Purpose. Examine the proportion of nonpregnant individuals ≥20 years with MDD and elevated glucose and the demographic and clinical characteristics associated with unrecognized elevated glucose.Methods. 14,373 subjects who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2012) completed the PHQ-9 depression screen and had hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) measured. PHQ-9 scores ≥10 and HbA1c scores ≥5.7% were defined as MDD and elevated HbA1c, respectively. Data were analyzed using complex survey sampling software.Results. 38.4% of the sample with MDD had elevated HbA1c readings. Compared with nondepressed subjects, they were significantly more likely to have elevated glucose readings (P=0.003) and to be aware of their elevated glucose levels if they had a higher body mass index, family history of diabetes, more doctor visits in the past year, a usual care source, health insurance, or were taking hypertension or hypercholesterolemia medications.Conclusions. Many adults with MDD have elevated HbA1c levels, have never been advised of elevated HbA1c, have not received diabetes screening, and have minimal contact with a healthcare provider. Additional opportunities for diabetes risk screening in people with MDD are needed.
Evolving Concepts: Immunity in Oncology from Targets to Treatments
Authors: Khan Hina , Gucalp Rasim , Shapira Iuliana
Published: April 2015

Cancer is associated with global immune suppression of the host. Malignancy-induced immune suppressive effect can be circumvented by blocking the immune checkpoint and tip the immune balance in favor of immune stimulation and unleash cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Human antibodies directed against immune checkpoint proteins: cytotoxic T lymphocytes antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have shown therapeutic efficacy in advanced melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer and other malignancies. Immune check point blockade antibodies lead to diminished tolerance to self and enhanced immune ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. As a class these agents have immune-related adverse events due to decreased ability of effector immune cells to discriminate between self and non-self. Seventy percent of patients participating in clinical trials have experienced anticancer activities and varying degrees of immune mediated dose-limiting side effects.
Nutritional Content and Elemental and Phytochemical Analyses ofMoringa oleiferaGrown in Mexico
Authors: Valdez-Solana Mónica A. , Mejía-García Verónica Y. , Téllez-Valencia Alfredo , García-Arenas Guadalupe , Salas-Pacheco José , Alba-Romero José J. , Sierra-Campos Erick
Published: April 2015

Moringa oleiferais a tree distributed in Mexican semiarid and coastal regions.M. oleiferais used in practice in the treatment of various diseases and is available without a medical prescription, often in the form of an herbal infusion for everyday use. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritional values of driedM. oleiferaleaf powder collected from two different regions in Mexico. All samples ofM. oleiferaexhibited moisture levels varying from 3.06 to 3.34%, lipids from 10.21 to 10.31%, fiber from 7.29 to 9.46%, ashes from 10.71 to 11.18%, crude protein from 10.74 to 11.48%, and carbohydrates from 54.61 to 57.61%. The predominant mineral elements in the leaf powder according to ICP-MS were Ca (2016.5–2620.5 mg/100 g), K (1817–1845 mg/100 g), and Mg (322.5–340.6 mg/100 g). The HPLC analysis indicated the presence of phenolic acids (gallic and chlorogenic acids) and flavonoids (rutin, luteolin, quercetin, apigenin, and kaempferol). We concluded that LombardiaM. oleiferasamples could be employed in edible and commercial applications. Our results showed that the highest mean value of As from the San Pedro samples exceeds the recommended level and may constitute a health hazard to consumers.
Cost-Effective Location Management for Mobile Agents on the Internet
Authors: Chen Chien-Sheng , Hwang Jiing-Dong , Lu Chyuan-Der , Yeh Ting-Yuan
Published: April 2015

Many mobile agent system-related services and applications require interacting with a mobile agent by passing messages. However, an agent’s mobility raises several challenges in delivering messages to a mobile agent accurately. Consisting of tracking and message delivery phases, most mobile agent location management schemes create or receive many update messages and interaction messages to ensure the effectiveness of the schemes. In addition to downgrading the overall performance of a mobile agent location management scheme, excessive transmission of messages increases the network load. The migration locality of a mobile agent and the interaction rate between mobile agents significantly affect the performance of a mobile agent location management scheme with respect to location management cost. This work presents a novel Dual Home based Scheme (DHS) that can lower the location management costs in terms of migration locality and interaction rate. While the DHS scheme uniquely adopts dual home location management architecture, a selective update strategy based on that architecture is also designed for cost-effective location management of mobile agents. Moreover, DHS is compared with available schemes based on formulations and simulation experiments from the perspective of location management costs. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DHS scheme performs satisfactorily in terms of migration locality and interaction rate.
Unusual Synchronous Methimazole-Induced Agranulocytosis and Severe Hepatotoxicity in Patient with Hyperthyroidism: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhang Jun , Xu Qin , Sheng Guo-ping , Weng Wan-wen , Dong Meng-jie
Published: April 2015

Context. To report a patient with hyperthyroidism who developed concurrent occurrence of agranulocytosis and severe hepatotoxicity after taking methimazole (MMI).Case. A 51-year-old Chinese male was diagnosed as hyperthyroidism with normal white blood count and liver function. After 4 weeks’ treatment with MMI 20 mg/d, it developed to agranulocytosis and severe cholestatic hepatotoxicity. The patient’s symptoms and laboratory abnormalities disappeared after the withdrawal of MMI; his white blood count and liver function recover to normal in 2 weeks and 5 weeks, respectively. 296 MBq dose of131I was given to the patient 3 weeks after the withdrawal of MMI and his thyroid function was back to normal in 6 months. As we know through literature review, only 5 previous cases reported the synchronous ATD-induced agranulocytosis and severe hepatotoxicity in patients with hyperthyroidism.Methods. Review of the patient’s clinical course. Literature review of cases of hyperthyroidism with agranulocytosis and severe hepatotoxicity demonstrated that these complications occurred after taking antithyroid drug (ATD).Conclusions. Patient with hyperthyroidism can have synchronous ATD-induced agranulocytosis and severe hepatotoxicity. This case is extremely rare, but the adverse effects with ATDs is clinically significant. The clinicians need to be careful about this and monitor biochemical of patients who take ATDs.
Correlations of Human Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Overexpression with MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, p53, and Clinicopathological Characteristics in Gastric Cancer Patients with Curative Resection
Authors: Park Kwang Kuk , Yang Song I , Seo Kyung Won , Yoon Ki Young , Lee Sang Ho , Jang Hee Kyung , Shin Yeon Myeong
Published: April 2015

Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between HER2 overexpression in the tumor and MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and p53 status and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients.Methods. This retrospective study included 282 consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery at the Kosin University Gospel Hospital between April 2011 and December 2012. All tumor samples were examined for HER2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, and p53 expression by staining. A retrospective review of the medical records was conducted to determine the correlation between the presence of HER2 overexpression and clinicopathological factors.Results. The HER2-positive rate was 18.1%. Although no association was found between HER2 expression and MUC5AC, the expression of MUC2, MUC6, and p53 was significantly correlated with HER2 positivity, respectively (P= 0.004, 0.037, 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that HER2 overexpression and nodal status were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions. HER2 overexpression in gastric carcinoma is an independent poor prognostic factor.
Quality Measures for Improving Technology Trees
Authors: Heinimäki Teemu J. , Elomaa Tapio
Published: April 2015

The quality oftechnology treesin digital games can be improved by adjusting their structural and quantitative properties. Therefore, there is a demand for recognizing and measuring such properties. Part of the process can be automated; there are properties measurable by computers, and analyses based on the results (and visualizations of them) may help to produce significantly better technology trees, even practically without extra workload for humans. In this paper, we introduce useful technology tree properties and novel measuring features implemented into our software tool for manipulating technology trees.
Desenvolvimento e progresso técnico na cadeia produtiva de carne suína da Espanha
Authors: Espindola Carlos José
Published: April 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo desvendar a trajetória da cadeia produtiva de carne suína da Espanha tendo como referencial os padrões de inovações tecnológicas que promoveram a modernização de sua estrutura produtiva. Assim, ao longo das suas quatro grandes fases evolutivas – (l) século XIX-1930; (2) 1930-1975; (3) 1975-1990 e (4) pós-1990 –, foram sendo introduzidas inovações tecnológicas visando ao melhoramento qualitativo e quantitativo da matéria-prima, a adoção de biotécnicas reprodutivas, a difusão de novos processos produtivos e o lançamento de novos produtos. O resultado final foi à constituição de uma cadeia produtiva moderna, diversificada e altamente competitiva na estrutura alimentar mundial e europeia de proteínas animal.
Bairro rural-bairro urbano: um revisão conceitual
Authors: Halley Bruno Maia
Published: April 2015

O texto se propõe a apresentar uma revisão conceitual do termo bairro, desde seus estudos iniciais centrados no espaço rural, passando por leituras posteriores dentro do contexto urbano. No Brasil, as primeiras análises, tanto na Sociologia como na Geografia, assentavam-se na conceituação de “bairros caipiras” do interior paulista, que depois se desdobraram, em meados do século passado, em análises de células urbanas no Rio de Janeiro e em São Paulo. Depois destes estudos tradicionais, e de um hiato de trabalhos sobre o bairro (1958-1982), há o advento em 1980/90, de uma nova série de estudos, estes apoiados, especialmente, em duas vertentes teóricas da Geografia: a humanista-cultural e a marxista-lefebvreana. É, pois, através destas diferentes perspectivas que o texto apoia sua revisitação conceitual sobre o bairro.
Concentração espacial de fábricas de cutelaria em Arroio Grande – Santa Maria-RS: uma abordagem locacional
Authors: Rocha Anderson Mendes , Leal Carmen Luyara Canabarro
Published: April 2015

Este artigo discute a concentração de fábricas de cutelaria do distrito de Arroio Gran- de, no município de Santa Maria-RS, a partir do enfoque locacional e das teorias de lo- calização industrial. Procura caracterizar o objeto de estudo em suas temporalidades, para identificar os fatores locacionais que favoreceram a concentração das fábricas no referido distrito. O estudo baseia-se na contribuição metodológica de Lefebvre (1978) e Santos (1979) e também nas discussões sobre localização industrial encon- tradas principalmente em Manzagol (1985), Corrêa (1986) e Braga (2008).
Tecnologias sonoras terapêuticas
Authors: Costa Celso Rodrigues da , Souza Suelen Tompson , Gontijo Guilherme Pereira , Simões Guilherme Reis , Fonseca Pierre Souza , Bortolus Marcos Vinicius
Published: April 2015

Objetivo: apresentar os trabalhos finais desenvolvidos na disciplina Processos Criativos e Empreendedorismo. Método: os estudantes devem apresentar ao final da disciplina uma tecnologia para ajudar na aprendizagem ou reabilitação de um cliente em tratamento na Clínica de Musicoterapia. Para a realização do trabalho final da disciplina foram formados grupos de três estudantes, no qual cada grupo deveria desenvolver uma adaptação ou instrumento como recurso terapêutico para um cliente atendido na Clínica de Musicoterapia da UFMG. Resultados: dez trios de estudantes criaram dez instrumentos e duas adaptações. Os dispositivos já renderam três exposições abertas ao público. Os instrumentos e adaptações foram repassados à Clínica de Musicoterapia da UFMG para serem utilizados nos atendimentos. O Projeto de Extensão Paramec da UFMG criou um subgrupo de trabalho para dar continuidade aos trabalhos desenvolvidos na disciplina. Conclusão: a disciplina demonstrou ter grandes sucessos e alcançou os seus objetivos, sendo os instrumentos e adaptações desenvolvidas, as formas expressas dos processos criativos. Foi possível também perceber que uma equipe inter ou transdisciplinar é benéfi ca para uma melhor criação de dispositivos de tecnologia educacional, reabilitadora e assistiva.
A prática do terapeuta ocupacional em iniciativas de geração de trabalho e renda: contribuição dos fundamentos da profissão e das dimensões da categoria trabalho
Authors: Morato Giovana Garcia , Lussi Isabela Aparecida de Oliveira
Published: April 2015

Os terapeutas ocupacionais vêm buscando aprimorar-se e legitimar-se como profissional diante das mudanças ocorridas no campo da saúde mental e assim vêm aperfeiçoando suas intervenções no nível de prevenção e promoção de saúde, tratamento, reabilitação e inclusão social. Este estudo é um recorte da pesquisa de mestrado cujo objetivo geral foi investigar a prática dos terapeutas ocupacionais que trabalham em iniciativas de geração de trabalho e renda no âmbito da saúde mental no estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa do qual participaram 16 terapeutas ocupacionais que atuam em iniciativas de geração de trabalho e renda destinados a usuários da saúde mental no Estado de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se 2 instrumentos, um questionário semiestruturado e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. Os dados provenientes dos questionários foram analisados de maneira descritiva e as entrevistas foram submetidas à técnica de Análise Temática. Foi possível verificar a concepção amadurecida, por parte das profissionais, acerca da compreensão da atividade e do trabalho nestes contextos que rompem com a concepção terapêutica, demonstrando uma prática condizente com os pressupostos da reabilitação psicossocial e com o que vem sendo preconizado pela política de inclusão social pelo trabalho.
A contribuição do método Meir Schneider - Self-healing em um caso de osteoartrose de mãos
Authors: Spaziante Turolla Ana Carolina , Gebrael Tatiana Luísa Reis , Nascimento Beatriz Ambrósio do
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de apresentar uma alternativa de tratamento para a osteoartrose de mão com a utilização do método Meir Schneider - Self Healing. Foi realizado um estudo de caso, no qual a participante selecionada tinha o diagnóstico osteoartrose de mãos bilateral. Foi realizada intervenção clínica de Terapia Ocupacional com a utilização dos exercícios e massagens propostos pelo método, em uma clínica particular de terapia ocupacional. Foram realizadas medidas de pré-testes e pós-testes para a verifi cação da melhora da dor da
paciente e da sua qualidade de vida. Os resultados indicam que o método pode ser uma alternativa de tratamento para esses casos, pois, apontaram melhora da dor, da capacidade funcional e da qualidade de vida da paciente. Conclui-se, no entanto, que por se tratar de um estudo de caso ainda são necessários mais estudos.
Violência e Sociabilidade: A Formação do Estudante
Authors: Sarmento Gabriela
Published: April 2015

graduanda em Jornalismo na Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo (ECA-USP) e repórter da Revista de Cultura e Extensão USP
Co-Labora Incubadora de Empreendimentos Solidários: Experiência de Economia Solidária em Projetos de Extensão Universitária em Ribeirão Preto
Authors: Rebehy Perla Calil Pongeluppe Wadhy , Bellissimo Daniel Yacoub , Sandrin Samantha Gordo , Fiorati Regina Célia , Carretta Regina Yoneko Dakuzaku
Published: April 2015

Apesar da ausência de políticas públicas no município que incentivassem a formação de empreendimentos econômicos solidários (EES) e que fortalecessem a articulação desses, havia um grupo de professores que atuavam na sociedade no combate à extrema pobreza com projetos de geração de renda. As experiências individuais realizadas em cada área profissional careciam de articulação para alavancar o processo de incubação. Em dezembro de 2013, por meio da Chamada nº 89/2013 MCTI-SECIS- -MTE-SENAES-CNPq, foi fundada a Co-Labora, Incubadora de empreendimentos solidários da USP, campus Ribeirão Preto. Assim, formou-se uma equipe de pesquisa e extensão multidisciplinar com professores, alunos (graduação e pós-graduação) das áreas de terapia ocupacional, economia, administração, direito e psicologia para desenvolver serviços tecnológicos às EES. O método de incubação consiste em: formação semanal em economia solidária; visita dos estagiários e supervisor semanalmente aos grupos; reuniões semanais dos supervisores e estagiários; reuniões quinzenais da equipe de docentes e coordenadores; e capacitações específicas com profissionais externos, dada a demanda. A partir desse método temos conseguido fortalecer as cooperativas existentes, incentivar a formação de novas cooperativas, disseminar o conceito de economia solidária nos empreendedores de bairros e apresentar essas iniciativas baseadas em economia solidária para a Prefeitura e várias secretarias públicas.
Oficinas de Atividades: Reconstruindo o Cotidiano de Pacientes Submetidos ao Transplante de Medula Óssea
Authors: Patrocínio Flávia Andréa Prado , Oliveira-Cardoso Érica Arantes de , Von Zuben Bruna Vieira , Santos Manoel Antônio Dos
Published: April 2015

O Transplante de Medula Óssea (TMO) é um procedimento de alta complexidade, cujo desenvolvimento permitiu o tratamento de doenças que, anteriormente, eram fatais. Como parte do processo de reabilitação, foram implementadas oficinas terapêuticas com a finalidade primordial de estimular a socialização e a troca de experiências entre pacientes e acompanhantes. Além desses propósitos, as oficinas funcionavam como um espaço de aprendizado para profissionais em formação. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o funcionamento das oficinas terapêuticas oferecidas na sede do Grupo de Apoio ao Transplantado de Medula Óssea (GATMO) e investigar as percepções de seus participantes em relação às atividades desenvolvidas. As oficinas terapêuticas do GATMO foram realizadas semanalmente, coordenadas por estagiários-bolsistas do curso de Psicologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FFCLRP-USP) e frequentadas por pacientes e seus acompanhantes (mínimo de quatro, máximo de 12 pessoas). Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que as oficinas se configuraram como meio de expressão de sentimentos, ferramenta de resgate da capacidade produtiva e de socialização. Observou-se que as produções dos usuários, como artesanatos e mosaicos, extrapolam os limites dos workshops, uma vez que as tarefas também são realizadas em outros contextos, permitindo que o paciente desempenhe atividades alternativas, de modo a ampliar seu repertório ocupacional.
Effect of Advanced Maternal Age on Pregnancy Outcomes and Vascular Function in the Rat
Authors: Care Alison S. , Bourque Stephane L. , Morton Jude S. , Hjartarson Emma P. , Davidge Sandra T.
Published: April 2015

Advanced maternal age is becoming increasingly common in Western societies and is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that aging results in impaired vascular function in pregnancy because of increased vascular oxidative stress and resultant scavenging of nitric oxide in both uterine and systemic arteries, causing reduced uteroplacental perfusion and poor pregnancy outcomes. Using aged rats (9.5 months), we investigated the effect of a delayed first natural pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes and uterine and mesenteric artery function on gestational day 20. Delayed pregnancy in the rat reduced fertility by 46%, reduced litter size by 36%, caused fetal growth restriction, increased placental weight, and increased maternal systolic blood pressure (by 16 mm Hg). Uterine arteries from aged dams displayed reduced constriction to phenylephrine (young: 14.3±0.94 mN/mm versus aged: 11.4±0.5 mN/mm,
P
=0.02) and potassium chloride (124 mmol/L; young: 21.8±1.27 mN/mm versus aged: 14.2±1.7 mN/mm;
P
=0.01). Methacholine-induced vasodilation was similar in uterine arteries from young and aged dams. However, mesenteric arteries from aged dams had a greater nitric oxide and a reduced endothelial-derived hyperpolarization contribution to methacholine-mediated vasodilation compared with young dams. Both uterine and mesenteric arteries from aged dams had greater active myogenic responses, with area under the curve increased by 228% and 151%, in aged uterine and mesenteric arteries, respectively. These results demonstrate that vascular function is altered at an advanced maternal age and provides further insights into the risks of poor pregnancy outcomes observed in women who delay pregnancy.
Politics of Sectarianism: Rethinking Religion and Politics in the Middle East
Authors: Hurd Elizabeth Shakman
Published: April 2015

Allegations of sectarian violence and discrimination saturate popular and scholarly accounts of developments in the mena region, particularly in the wake of renewed violence in Syria and Iraq. These accounts should sound a warning bell to scholars of religion and politics. The discourse of sectarianism is a modern discourse of religion-in-politics authorized by particular authorities in particular times and places. It relies on a fixed and stable representation of the shifting roles played by that which is named as “religion” or “sect” in politics and society. The complex and often conflicting forces that come together in any given episode of violence or discrimination subvert the stable notions of sectarian motivation and causation that form the bedrock in which such accounts rest. This essay disaggregates and politicizes the discourse of sectarianism, drawing on examples from Egypt, Bahrain, and Israel. It argues for distinguishing between religious difference as construed by those in positions of power, and religious difference as construed and experienced—and at times downplayed or ignored—by individuals and communities that are subjected to, and shaped by, sectarian projects, policies, and narratives.
The Case for Cognitive Interviewing Techniques in the Post-Arab Spring Environment
Authors: Gorman Brandon
Published: April 2015

Many social scientists rely on survey data, such as the World Values Survey and the Arab Barometer, to measure individual political attitudes cross-nationally. Yet, research suggests that individuals’ political attitudes fluctuate and evolve, casting doubt on the validity of survey data when used alone. This is especially problematic during times of rapid change, when the political situation undergoes dramatic shifts and individual attitudes are easily influenced by current events. This essay proposes that using cognitive interviewing techniques, which involve asking respondents to answer a set of survey items along with follow-up probes about their answers, can help researchers better understand the content of political attitudes and the contexts that help shape them. To make this point, I first review the literature on the theoretical problems with measuring political attitudes during times of rapid political change. I then introduce cognitive interviewing as a mixed-method data collection technique, describe the challenges and difficulties associated with it, and offer a number of practical recommendations for researchers interested in using it in the post-Arab Spring environment. Finally, I demonstrate the effectiveness of cognitive interviewing techniques through examples drawn from my fieldwork in Tunisia between August 2013 and March 2014.
Music in Cultural Construction
Authors: Tsetsentsolmon Baatarnarany
Published: April 2015

The paper aims to examine the concept of ‘national’ or ‘folk’ music within the state culture-building process in both the socialist and post-socialist eras in Mongolia. By focusing on process of nationalisation, commercialisation and popularisation, the paper argues that musical culture was and has been politicised in both eras. Furthermore, it argues that musical culture in post-socialist Mongolia can be regarded as the continuation, transformation and, in some cases, the amplification of the state-socialist culture-building process, designed to be ‘national in form and socialist in content’, so as to become nationalist in form and commercial in content.
Review of Tumidiclava Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from Xingjiang, China, with description of two new species and taxonomic notes on other Holarctic taxa
Authors: AISHAN ZHULIDEZI , TRIAPITSYN SERGUEI V. , HU HONG-YING
Published: April 2015

Four species of Tumidiclava Girault are recorded from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Two new species, T. buerjinica Triapitsyn & Aishan sp. nov. and T. tamariska Hu & Aishan sp. nov., are described; the former is also known from Turkmenistan and the latter from Israel. One Palaearctic species, T. subcaudata Nowicki, is newly recorded from China, and a key to females of the Chinese species is given. Taxonomic notes and illustrations are provided on these and also other described taxa of Tumidiclava from the Holarctic region, both sexes of which are keyed including the type species of the genus, T. pulchrinotum Girault (USA), whose male is newly described. Lectotypes are designated for Orthoneura bimaculata Blood & Kryger, 1928 and T. (Orthoneurella) minuscula Nowicki, 1940 and a neotype is designated for Orthoneura bimaculata Blood, 1923.
Organized Convection Parameterization for the ITCZ*
Authors: Khouider Boualem , Moncrieff Mitchell W.
Published: April 2015

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are of fundamental importance in the dynamics of the atmospheric circulation and the climate system. They are often observed to develop over significant terrain in ambient shear flows in midlatitudes and embedded within the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and convectively coupled equatorial wave (CCEW) envelopes, as well as in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Yet general circulation models (GCMs) fail to resolve these systems, and their underlying convective parameterizations are not directed to represent organized circulations. Shear-parallel MCSs, which are common in the ITCZ, have a three-dimensional structure and, as such, present a serious modeling challenge. Here, a previously developed multicloud model (MCM) is modified to parameterize MCSs. One of the main modifications is the parameterization of stratiform condensation to capture extended stratiform outflows, which characterize MCSs, resulting from strong upper-level jets. Linear analysis shows that, under the influence of a typical double African and equatorial jet shear flow, this modification results in an additional new scale-selective instability peaking at the mesoalpha scale of roughly 400 km. Nonlinear simulations conducted with the modified MCM on a 400 km × 400 km doubly periodic domain, without rotation, resulted in the spontaneous transition from a quasi-two-dimensional shear-perpendicular convective system, consistent with linear theory, to a fully three-dimensional flow structure. The simulation is characterized by shear-parallel bands of convection, moving slowly eastward, embedded in stratiform systems that expand perpendicularly and propagate westward with the upper-level jet. The mean circulation and the implications for the domain-averaged vertical transport of momentum and potential temperature are discussed.
A Multiwavenumber Theory for Eddy Diffusivities and Its Application to the Southeast Pacific (DIMES) Region
Authors: Chen Ru , Gille Sarah T. , McClean Julie L. , Flierl Glenn R. , Griesel Alexa
Published: April 2015

A multiwavenumber theory is formulated to represent eddy diffusivities. It expands on earlier single-wavenumber theories and includes the wide range of wavenumbers encompassed in eddy motions. In the limiting case in which ocean eddies are only composed of a single wavenumber, the multiwavenumber theory is equivalent to the single-wavenumber theory and both show mixing suppression by the eddy propagation relative to the mean flow. The multiwavenumber theory was tested in a region of the Southern Ocean (70°–45°S, 110°–20°W) that covers the Drake Passage and includes the tracer/float release locations during the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES). Cross-stream eddy diffusivities and mixing lengths were estimated in this region from the single-wavenumber theory, from the multiwavenumber theory, and from floats deployed in a global ° Parallel Ocean Program (POP) simulation. Compared to the single-wavenumber theory, the horizontal structures of cross-stream mixing lengths from the multiwavenumber theory agree better with the simulated float-based estimates at almost all depth levels. The multiwavenumber theory better represents the vertical structure of cross-stream mixing lengths both inside and outside the Antarctica Circumpolar Current (ACC). Both the single-wavenumber and multiwavenumber theories represent the horizontal structures of cross-stream diffusivities, which resemble the eddy kinetic energy patterns.
Carcinogenicity of psychotropic drugs: A systematic review of US Food and Drug Administration–required preclinical in vivo studies
Authors: Amerio Andrea , Gálvez Juan Francisco , Odone Anna , Dalley Shannon A , Ghaemi S Nassir
Published: April 2015

Objective:

The US Food and Drug Administration approval process for psychotropic drugs requires safety studies of carcinogenicity in animals. These studies are consistently conducted and provide a database for assessment of potential biological risk of carcinogenicity in humans. This report is a systematic review of that database for psychotropic drugs.

Method:

US Food and Drug Administration–approved registration data (‘package inserts’) were examined, where available, for all psychotropic drugs in the following classes: antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines/sedative-hypnotics, amphetamines and anticonvulsants.

Results:

Overall, new generation (atypical) antipsychotics (90%, 9/10 agents) and anticonvulsants (85.7%, 6/7 agents) showed the highest evidence of carcinogenicity among psychotropic drugs classes assessed. Antidepressants (63.6%, 7/11) and benzodiazepines/sedative-hypnotics (70%, 7/10) were next, and stimulants (with the exception of methylphenidate) were last (25%, 1/4 agents). Overall, 71.4% of all drugs examined (30/42) showed evidence of carcinogenicity in 43.2% (38/88) of specific experimental studies.

Conclusions:

US Food and Drug Administration–based analyses demonstrate that almost all atypical antipsychotics and anticonvulsants are carcinogenic in animals, as are the majority of antidepressants and benzodiazepines and methylphenidate. These animal-based results are not sufficient to draw definitive conclusions in humans, but they provide data that could be acknowledged in the informed consent process of clinical treatment.
The Diplomatic History of Global Women's Rights: The British Foreign Office and International Women's Year, 1975
Authors: McCarthy Helen
Published: April 2015

This article explores the British Foreign Office's engagement with International Women's Year (IWY) in 1975, an event which has been viewed as a milestone in histories of transnational feminist activism, and a moment when the status of women became part of mainstream thinking about development, human rights and global security. Much of the existing literature on IWY dwells on the role of non-state actors, especially women's NGOs active at the United Nations (UN). In contrast, this article shifts the lens on to state actors, in order to ask what role diplomats, politicians and ministries of foreign affairs played in the construction of ‘women’ as a global political subject in the late twentieth century. It finds that the Foreign Office's reading of IWY was refracted through the prism of Cold War power politics and postcolonial struggles. Gender politics was conceptualised as essentially a proxy for these larger ideological battles, an approach dating back to Britain's semi-clandestine anti-communist propaganda campaigns after the Second World War. British women's NGOs, by contrast, insisted that women's activism should be accorded an independent dynamic of its own, imagining the possibilities of gender-based solidarities operating across political, social and economic divides. IWY and the subsequent UN Decade for Women tempered this idealism and set the international women's movement on a political learning curve. But, as the article will suggest, the 1970s was also a moment when state elites were forced to confront a new kind of global politics, the repercussions of which for the conduct of foreign policy and diplomatic relations only further fine-grained archival research can fully reveal.
Young Children’s Interactions With Sound-Producing Objects
Authors: Dansereau Diana R.
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to observe, analyze, and document the range of young children’s interactions with sound-producing objects in order to better understand the nature of such interactions. Of particular interest was whether theories of cognitive play, social play, object play, and existing research on musical play could guide concurrently the interpretation of children’s interactions with these objects and whether the interactions were consistent with these theories. Two groups of participants, nine 3-year-old children and seven 4-year-old children, played with sound-producing objects for approximately 15 min once a week for 12 weeks. Participants interacted with the objects in rich and varied ways, including explorations of the objects’ sound-producing capabilities and other physical attributes, nonmusical and musical functional and pretend play episodes, and construction behaviors. Movement and singing often were layered upon the children’s interactions with the objects. Musical functional play was the most frequently observed behavior across both ages of participants. The children were more likely to engage in solitary/parallel behaviors than group interactions, and group interactions were more common among the 4-year-old children than the 3-year-olds. All behaviors that were anticipated via the conceptual framework were observed, with the exception of group nonmusic exploration.