bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Cross-Sectional Screening for the Assessment of Macronutrient Consumption and Body Mass Index in Orphans Aged 7 to 15 Years in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Ghazzawi Hadeel
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study was to screen for malnutrition by evaluating macronutrient intake and calculating the ratio of body mass index (BMI) to age of orphans in 7 selected governmental orphanages in Amman, Jordan. The study recruited 277 orphans, including 156 girls and 121 boys aged 7 to 15 years. Nutritional assessments (BMI and 3 days food recall) were recorded by trained nutritionists. Macronutrient content was analyzed by EISHA software. The ratio of BMI to age among orphans was at the lower end of the normal range for boys and girls, at 18.8 and 20.73, respectively. The macronutrient daily intake of orphans met the requirements for their age groups. The majority of assessed orphans from orphanages in Amman had proper body weights and met the recommendations for macronutrient and energy intake. However, eating habits should be improved. Changes should be applied to improve the provision of nutrient-dense foods to orphanages. In summary, our study shows that orphans in Amman do not suffer from malnutrition, but their dietary quality should be adjusted.

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو فحص سوء التغذية من خلال تقييم كمية المغذيات الكبيرة وحساب نسبة مؤشر كتلة الجسم (BMI) إلى عمر الأيتام في 7 دور أيتام مختارة حكومية في عمان، الأردن. وشملت الدراسة 277 يتيماً. 156 فتاة و121 فتى تتراوح أعمارهم بين 7 إلى 15 سنة. تم تعيين التقييمات الغذائية (مؤشر كتلة الجسم و 3 أيام تذكر سجل الغذاء) من قبل خبراء التغذية المدربين. تم تحليل محتوى المغذيات الكبيرة بواسطة برنامج EISHA. النتائج: كانت نسبة مؤشر كتلة الجسم إلى العمر بالنسبة للأيتام في النطاق الطبيعي الأدنى للبنين والبنات (18.8، 20.73)؛ على التوالي. تلبية المغذيات اليومية من المغذيات الكبيرة المتطلبات لمجموعاتهم العمرية. الخلاصة: إن غالبية الأيتام الذين تم تقييمهم من دور الأيتام في عمان كان وزنهم سليمًا وقد استوفوا توصية المغذيات الكبرى ومآخذ الطاقة. يجب تحسين عادات الأكل. وينبغي أن تنطبق هذه التغييرات على تحسين مدخول دور الأيتام في المغذيات من الوجبات الغذائية الكثيفة. وهذا يشير إلى أن الأيتام في عمان لا يعانون من سوء التغذية ، ولكن يجب تعديل جودتهم الغذائية.
An Optimal Control for AHomogeneous Linear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Daraghmeh Adnan
Published: April 2023

In this article we introduce an approach to ﬁnd the optimal control for homogeneous linear dynamical systems. Wei ntroduce the linear quadratic regulator problem for the reduced order model of a dynamical system. We apply the singular perturbation approximations techniques to the original system and obtained our reduced order system. In this paper, our goal is to examine the solution of the problem as the positive parameter ε tends to zero. Our approach that is based on a formal asymptotic expansion of an algebraic Riccati equations associated with the Pontryagin maximum principle. We derive an approximate expressions for the optimal feedback controls. We compute the L2-norm beween the optimal control of the original and reduced system and compare it with the L2-norm of the solution of the Riccati equations of the original and reduced systems. We test the results numerically and obtained a good closed-loop performance for the model reduction.

في هذا العمل، قمنا بدراسة الانظمة الخطية المتجانسة والهدف العام ايجاد التحكم الامثل لها. قمنا باستخدام احدى الطرق المتبعة في نظرية التحكم لايجاد نظام مصغر عن النظام الاصلي. قمنا بدراسة معادلة ريكاتي الجبرية لكل من النظامين الاصلي والمصغر وكذلك استخدام مبدأ بنتريتدين المطلق. قمنا باشتقاق معادلات جبرية للتحكم الامثل لكل من النظامين الاصلي والمصغر. لاختبار هذه النتائج التي توصلنا اليها، قمنا بتطبيق مثال عددي وقياس الفرق بين التحكم الامثل للنظامين.
Phytoconstituents, antioxidant and inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of Opuntia ficus-indica
Authors: Rabi Lamees , Altamimi Mohammad , Jaradat Nidal
Published: April 2023

Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are associated with type 2 diabe-tes mellitus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, anti α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes and fruit juice. Four extracts of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes were used, while fruit juice was only freeze-dried. Phytochemicals were determined of each extract and each extract was in-vitro evaluated for free radical scavenging, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes methanol extract has the highest contentin flavo-noid, phenols and alkaloids and it also has the highest antioxidant capaci-ty with IC50 value 6.16±0.59 µg/ml; compared to Trolox’s IC50value 2.09±1.7µg/ml. For α-amylase inhibitory effect aqueous extract was the most potent with IC50 value 16.98±0.77µg/ml followed by acetone ex-tract with IC50 value 25.11±0.89µg/ml. All extracts showed inhibitory activity with different extent against α-glucosidase enzyme, the aqueous extract showed the most potent activity followed by acetone extract.

ان تحلون الدم والاجهاد المؤكسد عوامل مرتبطة بمرض السكري النوع الثاني. ان هدف هذه الدراسة هو تقييم النشاط المضاد للأكسدة والمضاد لأنزيمات الفا-اميلازالفا- جلوكوسيداز لألواح وعصير ثمار الصبر. تم استخدام أربع مستخلصات مجفده من الواح الصبر وواحد من عصير الثمار. تم تحديد الكيماويات النباتية لكل مستخلص ومن ثم تقييمها من حيث نشاطها كمضادات اكسده او مثبطه لأنزيمات الفا -اميلاز والفا -جلوكوسيداز. كان مستخلص الالواح الميثانولي يحتوي على اعلى محتوي من الفلافونويدات والفينولات والالكلويدات وكذلك الأعلى كمضاد اكسدة بمقدار اقل تركيز 50 = 6.16±0.59 مايكر غ/مل مقارنة بقيمته لترولوكس2.09 ±0.17 مايكروغ/مل. بينما في تثبيط انزيم الفا-اميلاز كان المستخلص المائي هو الأقوى حيث كان قيمة التركيز الأقل 50= 16.98 ±0.77 مايكروغ/مل متبوعاً بمستخلص الاستون بقيمة اقل تركيز 50= 25.11 ± 0.89 مايكروغ/مل. كل المستخلصات أظهرت نشاطاً مضاداً لأنزيم الفا-جلوكوسيداز بدرجات متفاوتة ولكن المستخلص المائي هو الأقوى متبوعا بمستخلص الاستون.
Climatic models and climate change in the eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Anbar Ali , Shehdeh Numan
Published: April 2023

Climate models are considered the main tool in evaluating actual climate change, and to predict future climate. Best types of such models are dynamic models, which evaluate the impact of expected increase of greenhouse gases upon greenhouse effect. They also represent present climate systems including its entire elements. Climate models can provide good results when they are applied on the entire world, but it does not give the same accuracy when regional level is concerned, specially the Eastern Mediterranean corner, due to relief and climate variation and high content of dust and seasonal climate variation. Main objective of this study is conducting a comparison between such climate models evaluation in the eastern Mediterranean with local results obtained by applying different statistical methods such as CUSUM, Moving Averages and Linear Regression.

تعد النماذج المناخية الوسيلة الرئيسة لتقدير التغير المناخي الذي حدث فعلا، والتوقع بما سيكون عليه المناخ في المستقبل. وأفضل أنواع تلك النماذج هي النماذج الديناميكية التي تقوم - بالإضافة إلى تقدير تأثير الزيادة المتوقعة لغازات الدفيئة على ظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري – بتمثيل النظام المناخي الحالي بجميع عناصره. وإذا كانت النماذج المناخية تعطي نتائج جيدة عند تطبيقها على مستوى الكرة الأرضية بأكملها، إلا أنها لا تعطي نتائج بنفس الدقة عند تطبيقها على المستوى الإقليمي، خاصة للركن الجنوبي الشرقي من الحوض الشرقي للبحر المتوسط، وذلك بسبب التباين التضاريسي والمناخي الكبيرين، وارتفاع نسبة الغبار في الأجواء، والتباين الفصلي الشديد في مناخ الإقليم. ولهذا، فإن الهدف الرئيس لهذه الدراسة هو مقارنة التقديرات التي تقدمها تلك النماذج للتغيرات المناخية في الحوض الشرقي من البحر المتوسط مع نتائج دراسات محلية في الأردن للتغيرات التي تم تقديرها باستخدام أساليب إحصائية متعددة منها الفروقات المتجمعة والمتوسطات المتحركة والانحدار الخطي وغيره.
The effect of nutritional educational programs involving parents on the children dietary behaviour: a systematic review of clinical controlled trails
Authors: Altamimi Mohammad , Abu Alwafa Reem , Zidan Souzan
Published: April 2023

Although many efforts have been applied to tackle obesity, it’s still on the rise, especially among children. Recently, many nutritional educational programs have been conducted in schools to reduce the prevalence of obesity and overweight. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate how effective these programs on the participants' dietary behavior and how far their effect can prevent childhood obesity and overweight if parents/guardians have been involved. Studies were systematically reviewed after searching the Pubmed, Questia, and Science Direct databases. Twelve relevant studies involving parents, have met the inclusion criteria, 8 of them had available results. The assessed outcomes of the reviewed studies have included: nutritional knowledge, food intake, anthropometric measurements, and physical activity. Half of the reviewed studies had positive results and the other half has mixed results. However, data showed significant positive improvements in both anthropometric measurements (for girls a significant reduction in the BMI within the interventional group BMI (p = 0.047) and physical activity (Interventional group mean of steps =13,681 compared to the control mean = 9619 and the attendance in physical education class had increased as well in both genders as well (p = 0.003, p = 0.002) in most studies. It was concluded from the reviewed studies that nutritional educational programs can be an effective prevention action against childhood obesity and overweight with emphasis on the parents as a key role. More efforts from researchers, schools, and stakeholders are required to develop and carry these programs on larger scales and inevitably involving the parents.

على الرغم من الجهود المبذوله لمعالجه السمنه الا انها بازدياد، خاصه بين الأطفال. حاليا العديد من البرامج التغذويه التعليميه تم اجراؤها في المدارس للتقليل من انتشار السمنه والوزن الزائد. ان هدف هذه المراجعه الممنهجه هو التحري عن مدى فعاليه هذه البرامج والمنطويه على الإباء او المربين للوقايه من السمنه. لقد تم مراجعه الدراسات بعد البحث في المحركات البحثيه التاليه: بوب ميد، كويستيا، سيانس دايريكت. اثنا عشره دراسه منوطيه على الإباء وافقت الخصائص المطلوبه وكان منها ثمان دراسات تحوي على نتائج. لقد تم تقييم مخرجات الأبحاث التاليه: المعرفه التغذويه، الغذاء المتناول، قياسات الجسم، والنشاط البدني. لقد احتوى نصف الدراسات على نتائج ايجابيه والأخر كانت نتائجه مختلطه. وعلى أي حال كانت النتائج ذات فروق معنويه في قياسات الجسم والنشاط البدني في معظم الدراسات. يمكن الاستنتاج من الدراسات التي تم مراجعتها ان البرامج التغذويه يمكن ان تكون فعاله لتجنب السمنه في فتره الطفوله بالتأكيد على دور الإباء كعامل أساسي. يجب بذل المزيد من الجهود من قبل الباحثين وأصحاب القرار على المستوى الاوسع لتطوير هذه البرامج وإدخال الإباء فيها لزياده فعاليتها.
Hydromorphmetry analysis of the eastern basins of the Dead Sea using geographical information systems and remote sensing (ibn Hammad, Karak, Zarqa Ma'ain)
Authors: Ghumaid Atef Ayed
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze the hydromorphometric) morphometric AND hydrological( characteristics of the water drainage network of the selected sample of the eastern basins of the dead sea, represented by the cadastral, formal, longitudinal and topographic characteristics, as well as to identify some hydrological variables such as response time, slowing down and the volume of runoff, the study relied on remote sensing techniques, geographic information systems, digital elevation models (DEM) and climate and hydrological data. The study demonstrated the importance of GIZ and remote sensing as a means of collecting data, analyzing data spatially AND linking IT to metadata AND its role in analyzing its hydrological properties. The study recommended the establishment of regular metrological AND hydrological measurement stations in basins to create a database of basins variables in their territory in order to contribute accurate data for use in studies.

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الخصائص الهيدرومورفومترية (المورفومترية والهيدرولوجية) لشبكة التصريف المائية للعينة المختارة من الأحواض الشرقية للبحر الميت، والمتمثلة بالخصائص المساحية والشكلية والطولية والتضاريسية، فضلاً عن التعرف على بعض المتغيرات الهيدرولوجية مثل زمن الاستجابة والتباطؤ وحجم الجريان السطحي. واعتمدت الدراسة على تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية ونماذج الارتفاعات الرقمية (DEM) وبيانات مناخية وهيدرولوجية. وأظهرت الدراسة أهمية نظم المعلومات الجغرافية والاستشعار عن بعد كوسيلة لجمع البيانات وتحليل البيانات مكانيًا وربطها بالبيانات الوصفية ودورها لتحليل خصائصها الهيدرولوجية. وقد أوصت الدراسة بإنشاء محطات قياس مترولوجية وهيدرولوجية منتظمة في الأحواض لعمل قاعدة بيانات عن المتغيرات الحوضية في أراضيها من أجل الإسهام في الحصول على بيانات دقيقة لاستخدامه في الدراسات.
Detecting diabetic retinopathy exudates in fundus images using fuzzy c-means (FCM)
Authors: Dwickat Tahreer , Hamad Hadi
Published: April 2023

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of blindness for diabetic patients. As the exudates are the primary sign of DR, therefore early detection and timely treatment can prevent and delay the risk of vision loss. Automatic screening could facilitate the screening process, reduce inspection time, and increase accuracy, which is vital in ophthalmic treatment, this development of exudates detection will help doctors in detecting symptoms faster. In this research, we use an automatic method to detect exudates from retinal digital images with non-dilated pupils of retinopathy patients; starting by detecting both the optic disc (OD) and retinal vessels, then probable exudates are defined through morphological techniques, in the last main phase, four features are implemented as input data for the fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering to define the existing exudates in the fundus images. The overall detection performance is evaluated through measuring sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and accuracy. These measures are done by comparing results to hand-drawn ground truth (GT) done by an expert; which are comparatively analyzed. It is found that the proposed method detects exudates successfully with average values of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, PLR and accuracy of 86.3%, 98.4%, 20.8%, 86.2 and 98.4% respectively on the testing studied database.

اعتلال الشبكية بمرض السكري يعتبر من أكثر الأمراض خطورة على العين والذي قد يؤدي الى فقدان البصر وخاصة عند مرضى السكري. تعتبر الافرازات من أولى العلامات الدالة على الاصابة بالمرض، لذلك من المهم اكتشافها واحصائها من أجل العلاج والوقاية من تفاقم المرض وفقدان البصر. في هذا البحث قمنا باقتراح طريقة تلقائية (اوتوماتيكية) للكشف عن الافرازات من صور شبكية العين لمرضى السكري، والتي بدورها تساعد الأطباء في عملية مراقبة التغير في وضعية العين واكتشاف اعراض امراض العين في مراحل مبكرة. وقد تم التطبيق على صور شبكية العين لمرضى السكري، وكانت الخوارزمية تعتمد اولا على استخراج قرص العين والاوعية الدموية وذلك لتحسين عملية اكتشاف الافرازات، ثم قمنا بتعيين وتحديد الافرازات وذلك بالاعتماد على خوارزمية التجميع الضبابي بالإضافة الى مجموعة من تقنيات معالجة الصور باستخدام برنامج الماتلاب. في النهاية تم تقييم النتائج عن طريق حساب مجموعة معايير منها: الحساسية، النوعية، والدقة وذلك بمقارنتها بالصور التي تم رسمها عن طريق الاخصائيين والأطباء، وكانت متوسطات النتائج كما يلي :86.3%، 98.4% و98.4% على التوالي.
Comparative analysis of interpolation methods for rainfall mapping in the Faria catchment, Palestine
Authors: Shadeed Sameer , Jayyousi Anan , Khader Abdelhaleem , Chwala Christian , Kunstmann Harald
Published: April 2023

The availability of rainfall data is essential for the prediction of extreme rainfall events, hydrological modeling, and the design of water resources systems. In Palestine, the limited available rain gauges and the available rainfall data are insufficient to precisely characterize the areal rainfall distribution over the entire area. Hence, it is essential to find proper methods to utilize the available rainfall data at the existing raingauges to predict rainfall values at certain locations where rainfall measurements are not available. This study aims at identifying the most suitable interpolation method that can be used to produce interpolated rainfall surfaces at the Faria catchment, Palestine. Faria catchment (320 km2), located in the northeastern part of the West Bank, Palestine, is characterized by high temporal and spatial rainfall variations. Six, GIS-based, spatial interpolation methods have been tested by visual observation and cross-validation. These methods are: Inverse Distance Weighted, Spline completely Regularized, Spline with Tension, Ordinary Kriging, Universal Kriging, and Regression. Available seasonal rainfall data recorded at 16 locations for two rainy seasons; 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 were utilized. Results indicate that the Universal Kriging method has slightly a higher correlation coefﬁcient and lower mean relative error than the other methods for the two seasons that make the method the most optimal one for mapping rainfall distribution in the Faria catchment. Moreover, the spatial distribution of raingauges between the two seasons affects the performance of different interpolation methods in the catchment.
Eating behaviours changes during COVID-19 lockdown due to gender and residential disparities amongst university students
Authors: Badrasawi Manal , Altamimi Mohammad , Saabneh Siren
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to determine the changes in the eating behaviours of university students during the lockdown due to COVID-19. A total of 118 students were invited to fill an electronic questionnaire regarding eating behaviour before and after the onset of the lockdown. Participants significantly scored higher “before” than “during” the lockdown for the item “consuming unhealthy food”. Moreover, “eating snacks between meals”, “eating irregular meals” and “soft drinks consumption” items increased significantly during the lockdown. Male participants showed a significant decrease in eating unhealthy food compared to female participants, while other eating patterns have similar trend. During the lockdown, city residents have significant increases in the frequency of eating regular meals, eating snacks between meals, frequency of soft drinks consumption and consuming 3 meals daily. City-outsiders have significant increases in consuming snacks between meals and significant decrease in soft drinks consumption. Generally, diet intake, irregular, extra meal and snacks have increased during the lockdown. Variations with regard to eating behaviours were dependant on gender. City residents eating behaviour was different may be due to availability of food items and variations in social life.
Center and Quasi Center on Banach Normal Hyperalgebra
Authors: mizyed ayman , As'ad As'ad Y.
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we prove that every strongly distributive hyperalgebra is normal. Also, we prove
that if X is a normed normal hyperalgebra with a propertyza◦x.zb◦y = zab◦xy and |λ| > ‖x‖, then
(zλ◦e − x) is invertible. Moreover, we give a characterization of the center of a unital complex
Banach normal hyperalgebra with the same property. Finally, we define the quasi-center, σ-quasi
center and ρ-quasi center of Banach normal hyperalgebra as a generalization of the center and
study some basic properties and relations between them.
Perception of Patients towards dental treatment during COVID-19
Authors: Satyarup Dharmashree , Mohanty Sharmistha , Nagarajappa Ramesh , Mahapatra Ipshita , Dalai Radha Prasanna , Rath Shakti
Published: April 2023

This study identifies different factors influencing the patient’s decision to receive dental treatments during the ongo-ing pandemic and identifies their expectations at the dental office during Covid-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 306 people in a dental institute. A questionnaire was used to collect primary demographic data. It consisted of questions concerning patient attitude regarding the utilization of dental services and expectations from the dental setup during the pandemic. The chi-square test was used to analyze the association between variables with a significance level set at p≤0.05. The mean age of the study population was 37±5.3 years, with the majority being males (52%). Many female patients (60.76%) and those from the lower middle class (38.59%) were appre-hensive about getting the disease during their visit. Covid19 was not considered a threat among adoles-cents/middle-aged (47.27%) and upper lower-class patients (41.81%). Spending extra during this period was ac-ceptable by 65.7% of patients, though a few (16.3%) responded or felt that the hospital should be considerate and bear the expenses. They (38.9%) had no specific complaints about the cleanliness issue of the hospital premises. All the above results were significant statistically (p≤0.05). Though apprehension of contracting the disease was observed among many patients, their dental problems were considered a priority, influencing their visit to the dental hospital
Pollution Levels of Drinking Water in Nablus
Authors: Hilal H.S. , Salim R. , Qattawi Z.
Published: April 2023

Metal concentrations in drinking water used in Nablus have been studied. Samples from houses located in various districts of Nablus have been collected between Dec. 22, 1985, and Jan. 19, 1986, acidified and then analyzed for their metal content of the elements lead, copper, zinc, nickel, iron, manganese, calcium and magnesium using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy with an acetylene-air flame The results showed that the concentrations of lead, copper, nickel, iron and manganese were well below the safe limits. The concentrations of both zinc and magnesium were high but still below the maximum limit allowed in drinking water. The concentration of calcium was found always above the allowed limit. The effect of storing water in tanks (this is very common in Nablus) on the concentration of the above elements has been studied. The only effect found for storing water in tanks was a decrease in the concentration of zinc from water. No effect was found for using sun-heaters on the concentrations of the above elements in water.
Pollution Levels of Drinking Water in Several Villages in Nablus Area and in the City of Hebron
Authors: Salim R. , Khatib I. , Hilal H. , Qattawi Z. , Abu-El-Halawa R.
Published: April 2023

Samples of drinking water were collected from several villages in Nablus area, and from the city of Hebron. The concentrations of lead, copper, nickel, manganese, iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium were determined in these samples using flame atomic absorption Spectroscopy. The obtained results were compared with the maximum allowed limit of concentration for each of these elements in drinking water.
Free Odd Periodic Actions on the Solid Klein Bottle
Authors: Abudiak Fawas M.
Published: April 2023

The cyclic actions of odd period and empty fixed point set are studied on the solid Klein Bottle K. It is shown that up to weak equivalence there is only one such action.
Effect of Root and Foliar Treatment of Marrow Plants with Copper Solutions on the Growth of Plants and on its Uptake of Copper and the Distribution of this Uptake in the Various Parts of Plant (Roots, Stem, Leaves, and Fruits)
Authors: Dauod Radi , Al-Subu M. M. , Atallah A.
Published: April 2023

In this study we have measured the effect of root and foliar treatments of marrow plants with 03 - 7.3 ppm copper solutions. Both types of treatment resulted in a substantial inhibition of growth of plant. This inhibition was compared for the various parts of plant (roots, stern, leaves and fruits) and for the two types of treatment. The concentration and the total content of copper in the various parts of treated plants were measured and compared with each other. The percentage of copper taken by plant from the total amount of copper added during the treatment of marrow plants was found to be very small. This percentage was found to be very small. This percentage was found higher in foliar - treated plants than in root - treated plants. It was also higher front dilute copper solutions than front more concentrated copper solutions.
On the HK Completions of Sequence Spaces
Authors: Hakawati Abduallah , Snyder K.
Published: April 2023

If the space ? (the finite sequences) is equipped with the norm which is naturally induced by a positive definite Hermitian and diagonally blockwise constructed matrix, then an HK completion exists.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Cobalt (II) by Iron (III) in the Presence of 1,10 Phenanthroline
Authors: Shraydeh Bassem F.
Published: April 2023

The kinetics of oxidation of cobalt (II) by iron (III) in the presence of 1, 10 phenanthroline has been investigated spectrophotometrically. Hydrogen ions exhibited an inhibitory effect on the rate of the reaction while 1,10 phenanthroline showed an accelerating effect The order with respect to iron (III) was found to be unity. On the other hand, the order with respect to cobalt varies with its concentration being 0.3+ 0.004 at high concentration and 0.791-0.019 at low concentrations. A plausible mechanism was postulated and a rate law was derived that accounted for the various experimental results obtained.
Microbiological Screening of the Environments of Two Hospitals in Nablus
Authors: Faydi Yahya , Hamdan Abdel Hadi , Shtayeh Mohammed Saleem Ali , Al-Khalil Suleiman
Published: April 2023

Both blood agar and MacConkey plates were used for the isolation of bacteria from the environments of two hospitals in Nablus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococci were isolated from saline solution kept in glass bottles for washing and cleansing wounds, suction machines, respirators, endotracheal tubings, oxygen pumps and sinks. Alcaligenes odorans was isolated from the suction machines and Dettol solution. Aeromonas species were isolated from deionized water and sinks, the implications of these findings were also discussed.
Effects of Copper on the Growth, Uptake and Distribution of Uptake in Roots and Shoots of Carrot Plants Treated with Copper Solutions by Either Root-Treatment or Foliar-Treatment
Authors: Dauod Radi , Al-Subu Mohammed M. , Douleh Ahmed
Published: April 2023

Effect of treatment of carrot plant with copper solutions have been investigated. The growth of plant as well as its uptake of copper and the distribution of this uptake between roots and shoots of the treated plants were followed in the study. Two types of treatment have been used: root-treatment and foliar- treatment. Copper solutions with concentrations of 0.3 - 7.6 ppm were used for root - treatment (200 nil batches repeated for 12 times over the whole period of growth) and for foliar treatment (50 ml batches repeated for 12 times over the whole period of growth). The root -treatment of the plants resulted in 10 - 63% reduction in the dry weight of plant while foliar - treatment resulted in 2 - 69% weight reduction. Comparing the two types of treatment (via determination of amounts of copper causing 50% growth inhibition) indicated a much higher effect of foliar - treatment over root - treatment on the growth of the plants and more obviously on the growth of the shoots. The concentration and total content of copper in the treated plants as well as in their roots and shoots increased with the increase of copper concentration in solutions used for either the root - treatment or the foliar-treatment. The copper content of the shoots of treated plants exceeded the content in their roots, and this was more so in the case of foliar - treatment.
Topological and Chemical Thresholds in Glasses of the Ge-Sb-S System
Authors: Saffarini G.
Published: April 2023

The variation of the molar volume, V, and the glass transition temperature, TQ with the average coordination number, m, for twenty-three glass compositions. belonging to the Ge15SbxS85-x and Ge20SbxS80-x families of the Ge-Sb-S system, is reported and discussed. The V-m dependence for the Ge15SbxS85-x family shows a minimum in V at m=2.4 which is attributed to the floppy-to-rigid transition in network glasses. For both families of the glasses examined, the V-m and Tg-m dependences show peaks at m=2.52 for Ge15SbxS85-x and at m=2.56 for Ge20SbxS80-x, corresponding to the respective stoichiometric composition for each family. These features are found to be consistent with topological and chemically ordered covalent network models proposed for the structure of these glasses.
Second-stage potential-induced degradation of n-type front-emitter crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and its recovery
Authors: Ohdaira Keisuke , Komatsu Yutaka , Yamaguchi Seira , Masuda Atsushi
Published: April 2023

We investigate the second-stage potential-induced degradation (PID) of n-type front-emitter (n-FE) crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic (PV) modules. The PID of n-FE c-Si PV modules is known to occur in three stages under negative bias stress. The second-stage PID is characterized by a reduction in fill factor (FF), due to the invasion of sodium (Na) into the depletion region of a p+–n junction and the resulting increase in recombination current. The second-stage PID shows a curious independence from a negative bias voltage for the PID stress. This may indicate that the Na inducing the FF reduction comes not from the cover glass but originally existed on and/or near the cell surface. The FF reduction is recovered quite rapidly, within a few seconds, by applying a positive bias to the degraded cell. The recovered n-FE c-Si PV modules show more rapid degradation if they receive the negative bias stress again, which can be explained by Na remaining in the p+ emitter.
NUSYUZ AS A CONFLICT FAMILY AND THE SOLUTION (Study of Syaikh Nawawi Al-Bantani in The Uqud al-Lujayn Book)
Authors: Ropei Ahmad
Published: April 2023

Every family couple certainly wants a harmonious and happy household life which in religious terms is called sakinah, mawaddah and rahmah. However, in the course of the household life is often faced with various problems that often lead to divorce. Among the problems that are often faced in domestic life is nusyuz. This study aims to describe the views of Syekh Nawawi in the book 'Uqûd al-Lujayn about nusyuz and its solutions. This research belongs to the descriptive-qualitative type by collecting data using literature techniques. The results showed that Nusyuz in Syekh Nawawi's view was an act of hatred between husband and wife as a family partner in the form of a violation of commitment in exercising their respective rights and obligations. The solution offered is in the form of hierarchical stages (advice, separation of beds, and beatings) with a note that beatings should be avoided as much as possible because they do not reflect the welfare side and are considered not of much use in resolving family conflicts caused by nusyuz.
KHULU’ AND TALAK, IS IT SAME? Philosophical-Comparative Study of Women's Divorce Rights in Fiqh and Positive Law
Authors: Daud Fathonah K.
Published: April 2023

This paper is a philosophical-comparative study of Islamic law in Islam and in the provisions of Positive Law. Are the discussions and provisions the same between khuluc and talak in fiqh and positive law? This research is a descriptive-qualitative research, using a literature review approach and analyzing it with the deduction method. The findings of this study indicate that khuluc in Indonesian law is called a divorce suit with different procedures. Both fiqh and positive law do not give the same meaning between khuluc (here called fasakh) and talak, this is the opinion of the Syafi'i school, except in Imam Malik's view that khuluc is talak bain. Therefore, the two have different legal provisions after the divorce. For example, for groups that distinguish the two, after the khulu’ occurs, they may be reconciled again. Meanwhile, those who equate khulu’ with talak bain, after khulu 'are prohibited from making reconciliation for ex-husbands and wives. However, between khulu 'and talak are different. Khulu’ occurs there must be 'iwad, while divorce there is no' iwad.
ILLEGAL MARRIAGE ANTICIPATION IN BENGKALIS DISTRICT (Case Study of KUA And North Rupat District Community Leaders)
Authors: Mansur Muhammad Al
Published: April 2023

The large number of cases of illegal marriages in Bengkalis Regency have had a big impact on the community, especially in Rupat Utara District. Illegal marriages are also known as illegal marriages or unregistered marriages, namely a marriage that is carried out under Islamic law without being legally registered at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA). In almost all villages in Rupat Utarat, illegal marriages were found with a total of 32 cases. The formulation in this research is what are the factors that cause the occurrence of illegal marriages in Rupat Utara District and how to anticipate the occurrence of illegal marriages by the KUA and community leaders in North Rupat. The method used in this research is qualitative research, using normative juridical approaches (positive law) and normative theology (Islamic law), observation, interviews and documentation are used to collect data. The object of this research is the perpetrators of illegal marriages, KUA and community leaders in Rupat Utara. The location of this research is in Rupat Utara District, with interviews with 7 cases of illegal marriage. The results of this study indicate that there are information factors, age limit of marriage, economic and distance factors that cause illegal marriages. KUA and community leaders have made efforts to anticipate illegal marriages very well in Rupat Utara District. Keywords: Anticipation Effort, Illegal Marriage, KUA, Community Leader
THE ROLE OF THE ADVISORY BODY FOR GUIDANCE AND PRESERVATION (BP4) AND THE MEDIATOR OF THE SURABAYA RELIGIOUS COURT IN DEALING WITH DOMESTIC CONFLICTS
Authors: Jamilah Fitrotin , Salsabila Vierna Nurihza
Published: April 2023

This paper discusses the role of the advisory body for the development and preservation of marriage and the mediator of the Surabaya religious court in dealing with domestic conflicts. Judging from the observations in Surabaya, many married couples are not able to recognize the type of household conflict they are facing. They tend to resolve conflicts by going through a divorce, without ascertaining the lightness or severity of the problem; can still be resolved by referring or ending. This makes the divorce rate in Surabaya increasing. What the public needs to know is that there is a body that has been recognized by the Ministry of Religion, namely BP4 which is found in every KUA, which is a facility for married couples who need guidance in their household, resolve conflicts, and become a united family. The position of BP4 is equivalent to that of a Mediator in the Religious Courts in the field of resolving conflicts in the household, but different strategies and ways of resolving them. In this regard, the purpose of this thesis is to determine the role and strategy of resolving BP4 Surabaya and PA Surabaya Mediator in dealing with conflicts. household. The type of method used is descriptive qualitative, meaning that it does not use percentage calculations. Using interview techniques and supported by related literacy as a support for the thesis that will be carried out by researchers.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PRE-MARRIAGE EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN THE OFFICE OF RELEGIOUS AFFAIRS (KUA) CIPUTAT DISTRICT TANGERANG CITY
Authors: Saleh Marhamah Saleh , Yulia Neng Yunita
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determime the pre-marital education curriculum used by the office of Religious Affairs of Ciputat Sub-District, South Tangerang City and describe the learning process of pre-marital education, as well as describe inhibiting factors in the implementation of pre-marital education. The method used is descriptive qualitative, this research uses a case study approach that only focuses on one phenomenon.Data collection techniques by conducting observations, interviews and documentation. The analysis uses is data reduction, presenting the data, the drawing conclusions. In this study, the respondents were extention workers from the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA). Thus study concludes that the curriculum used in KUA, Ciputat Sub-District South Tagerang City is the curriculum contained in the regulation of the DirectorGeneral of Islamic Community Guidence No. DJ/II/542 of 2013 concernig guidelines for the implementation of pre-marriage Guidence Module prepared by the Directorate of KUA and Family Sakinah, the Directorate General of Islamic Community Guidance, Ministry of Religion of Republic of Indonesia. The module contains debriefing materials of families and various solutions to problems in the family. While the learning process in pre-marital educations is prepared by being given a special module for prospective brides with the title Sakinah Family Development, Directorate General of Islamic Community Guidance. Ministry of Religion, RI with 16 hours of lessons per week. The obstacles in pre-merital education contained in internal factors, namely insfrastructure. While the external factor in pre-merital education is the lack of public awereness in attending pre-marital education.
TASYRȊḤ AL JATSTSAT (AUTOPSY): Its Function and Urgency of Medicine in Islamic Law
Authors: Fahri Herfin , Ulya Vita Fitriatul
Published: April 2023

This article discusses the autopsi (tasyri>h} al Jatsts\at) in the perspective Islamic law. In this modern era, autopsies are an alternative choice for the medical and police to resolve a criminal case. So there needs to be a discussion regarding how the scholars of jurisprudence punish the autopsy. This study uses a qualitative research type with a literature review approach. Researchers conduct studies and analyzes of various literatures relevant to the topic to obtain information. Through this literature review, it was found that there were ikhtilaf from fiqh scholars in judging autopsies. Some scholars do not allow forensic autopsies because they can damage the corpse and violate the honor of the corpse. However, some other scholars allow forensic autopsies on the grounds of realizing the benefit of the ummah (mashalih mursalah). Tasyri>h} al Jatstsat or autopsies are allowed if they have aclear and good purpose, such as for educational purposes (anatomical autopsies), for scientific purposes (clinical autopsies), and for justice (forensic autopsies). Anatomical autopsies are needed by medical or other health students in order to study anatomy or parts of the human body. A clinical autopsy is needed by a doctor to observe a case of a disease suffered by a patient who dies for the development of medical science. And a forensic autopsy is needed to help law enforcement officers or the police to determine the cause of someone's death that involves a crime. Dissection of forensic corpses is allowed to establish the law fairly as stated in (QS. An-Nisa [4]: 58) that we as Muslims are encouraged to set the law between humans fairly. An autopsy is not justified by religious law if there is no emergency cause, does not cause benefit and is not accompanied by permission from the heirs.
STATUS AND DOWRY RETURN AFTER DIVORCE IN GENDER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Supriyanto Toto Supriyanto
Published: April 2023

This article discusses dowry status and return of dowry after divorce from a gender perspective. The background is ambiguity in the transaction status and the wife's ownership status of the dowry, which implies that there is a provision for returning the dowry that has been given by the husband or withholding the dowry that has not been given but has been promised in the marriage contract. The provision for the return of the dowry was allegedly against the principles of gender equality. By using the literature survey method this article was carried out. This article finds evidence of ambiguity in the transactional status of dowry in Islamic law between grants: selfless gifts or ijarah: rewards for the pleasures that the wife gives to her husband. There is also evidence that the wife's ownership status of the dowry is not clear, whether it is absolute property, or non-absolute ownership because it depends on the behavior of the wife in carrying out her role as a wife, whether she is obedient or rebellious. After being analyzed using gender principles in the form of 14 basic rights and five types of indicators of gender inequality, it was found that the dowry status for wives is not gender equal in the form of discrimination and subordination. Provisions for returning the dowry either in half or in full because there has been no sexual intercourse between husband and wife is classified as subordination and marginalization; as well as the return of dowry due to divorce with khulu 'and fascikh, including discrimination and stereotypes
THE ABSOLUTE COMPETENCE OF RELIGIOUS COURTS IN RESOLVING DIFFERENT RELIGION GRANTS CASES: STUDY ON CASE NUMBER 1116/Pdt.P/2019/PA.Sby
Authors: Hakim Ahmad Ni'am Chabibil , Nasution Khoiruddin , Astuti Daharmi
Published: April 2023

The study discusses the competence of the Religious Courts in accepting and deciding cases of interfaith grants Number: 1116/Pdt.P/2019 /PA.Sby. The main discussion is what the judges’ considerations in deciding the case will be and how will the effect on the results of decision on subsequent Islamic law in Indonesia. This studu is a type of library research. The data were collected using the documentation method with descriptive-analytical method. The application of the grant case being studied is not the same as the provisions in article 49 of Law number 3 of 2006 concerning the Religious Courts, so it is necessary to study on what considerations the Religious Courts accept and decide the case. The result of this study indicate that the absolute competence of the Religious Courts in deciding this case is based on two things : first, the applicant is a Muslim women, in accordance with the principles of the Religious Caurts, namely the principle of Islamic personality. Second, the contract at the time the grant transacsion is carried out is based on Islamic law. This stipulation can be categorized as non-permanent jurisprudence, making it possible to be followed by subsequent judges in similar case as legal considerations to accept new case whose authority is still unclear in try it.
THE VALIDITY OF THE PRACTICE OF MUSLIM MARRIAGE CONTRACTS WITH THE SAMIN INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN KARANGROWO VILLAGE, UNDAAN, KUDUS REGENCY
Authors: Azzulfa Fatihatul Anhar , Nafis Moh Durrul Ainun
Published: April 2023

The study aims to determine the practice of the Samin customary marriage contract with Muslims (non Samin) in Karangrowoi Village, Undaani district, Kudus Regency hich has differences with the marriage contract procession in general, where between ijab and kabul there must be a grace period (separately). The method used is descriptive-qualitative, which describe and explore the practice of marriage contract in the Samin community and then analyzes it based on the perspective of Islamic law and positif law. This tudy found that, what should have been the implementation of ijab and kabul carried out in one assembly (in one space and time), isn’t done that way by indigenous people of Samin. The implementation, kabul is delivered at different times so that its validity isn’t fulfilled as required by the pillars and conditions of marriage.
ABORTUS PROVOCATUS (DUE TO RABE) IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF AL-ḌARAR YUZÂLU
Authors: Maghfiroh Vevi Alfi
Published: April 2023

This article discusses the discourse on abortion in pregnancy of victims of rape in the perspective of al-ḍarar yuzâlu. Act No 36 of 2009 about health and Government Regulation Number 61 by 2014 about reproductive health, allows abortion due to rape. However, in its implementation there are still many obstacles, because of the abortion discourse which is still pro and contra, especially in terms of religion and cultural morals. This paper is a library research with qualitative data. Normatively, the discussion on abortion still raises various polemics and negative stigmas among the community as well as legal explanations. Therefore, this study is analyzed using the fiqh rule approach used in legal istinbaṭ by describing the reality of abortion and the impact of pregnancy due to rape for women. The purpose of this study is to become a discussion discourse to encourage good policies and regulations for women who become pregnans as a resultof rape. By using the rules of fiqh al-ḍarar yuzâlu, it is hoped that the harm is sought to be removed by terminating the pregnancy, as part of the protection of women, hifdz an-nafs, which is part of the maqâṣid al-syarȋ’ah.
Handling Teacher Spiritualism Based On Local Wisdom Towards Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
Authors: Listrianti Feriska , Rozi Fathor , Cahyono Adi Nur
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze the Handling of Teacher Spiritualism Based on Local Wisdom towards Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). This research was conducted at the Madrasah Ibtidhaiyah Tarbiyatul Hasan Sumberasih Probolinggo institution using qualitative methods of case study types. The sources of informants in the study were the principal and the teacher council. Data collection techniques using observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. While the data analysis uses data display, data reduction and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that in handling spiritualism teachers are first, education and the cultivation of spiritual values of teachers. Second Handling Teacher Spiritualism Based on Local Wisdom Against Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Strategies The work ethic of teacher spiritualism. Third, teacher spiritualism education based on local wisdom and fourth, Media Organizational Citizenship Behaviour in achieving targets.
HR Policies and Strategies in It Companies in India - A Conceptual Study
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Business Management, Osmania University, Hyderabad (Telangana), India, Challa Raju , Sambrani Dr. Smitha ,   Professor & Research Supervisor, Department of Business Management, Osmania University, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
Published: April 2023

HR are abilities, disposition, imaginative capacities, comprehension and various qualities acquired in an organization or company point of view. They compare to the complete inbuilt limits, got data and abilities as mentioned in the job description. The approach, practice and techniques lead the organization in achieving its objectives which in turns builds an image or brand to the company in society. Methodology adopted in this is clear with the objective that everyone working in the firm can fathom its objective, the necessary resources to achieving the goals or objectives. Sky is the limit on the off chance that the HR department of firm is working satisfactorily and is adjusted to the business activities of the association. The paper is destined to clear information about different elements of HR approaches and methodologies chosen by IT firms in India.
Relativistic effects on phaseshift in frequencies invalidate time dilation II
Authors: Thakur Soumendra Nath , Samal Priyanka , Bhattacharjee Deep
Published: April 2023

Relative time emerges from relative frequencies. It is the phase shift in relative frequencies due to infinitesimal loss in wave energy and corresponding enlargement in the wavelengths of oscillations; which occur in any clock between relative locations due to the relativistic effects or difference in gravitational potential; result error in the reading of clock time; which is wrongly presented as time dilation.