bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION WITH PENTOXIFYLLINE, VITAMIN E IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS IN SULAIMANI
Authors: Ahmed Chra , Al-Tukmagi Haydar , Mohammed Mohammed
Published: October 2019

Background 

The burden of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis is growing and current pharmacologic treatments are limited by adverse effects and inconsistent efficacy. Pilot studies suggest that Pentoxifylline and vitamin E can reduce degree and pattern of fatty liver, liver enzyme and inflammatory marker in patients with NASH. 

Objectives 

Evaluation of the clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic effects of pentoxifylline, and vitamin E in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Methods

A total of 110 participants with NASH which diagnosed by ultrasonography fatty infiltration and raised aminotransferase level were included, only 90 participants completed the study. Demographic data, anthropometric measures such as Body Mass Index (BMI), waist/hip ratio were taken, liver function test, lipid profile, blood glucose, serum creatinine and High sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP). The patients were divided into three comparable groups in age, gender and BMI. All enrolled participants were treated by lifestyle modification but pharmacologically they were randomly divided into three groups and followed for 6 months. Group 1; treated with placebo as a control group (starch prepared by capsule 400mg twice daily). Group 2; treated with vitamin E soft gelatin capsule 400 IU twice daily.Group 3; treated with pentoxifylline caplet 400mg twice daily.

Results

Out of 110 participants, only 90 participants (48 male, 42 female) completed this study, with age range of 23-65 years with age mean was 42.1±11.2. All the three groups showed decreased steatosis by ultrasonography and a significant reduction in aminotransferase levels, Hs-CRP, lipid profile, blood glucose, blood pressure and waist circumference compared to baseline. In the pentoxifylline group, side effects such as nausea, heartburn and dizziness were noted while in vitamin E group; abdominal pain and blurred vision were recorded after the second visit. 

Conclusions

Pentoxifylline or Vitamin E with dietary changes and exercise led to significant improvement in hepatic steatosis indicated by ultrasonography, reduction in aminotransferase levels and improved inflammatory marker (Hs-CRP).
SUBHYPNOTIC DOSES OF PROPOFOL VERSUS MIDAZOLAM TO PREVENT NAUSEA AND VOMITING DURING SPINAL ANESTHESIA FOR CAESAREAN SECTION
Authors: Khudadad Amir , Aghawaise Bafrin
Published: October 2019

Background 

Nausea and vomiting is a common complication in parturients with cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia it may causes significant distress to the patient and increases the chance of aspiration pneumonitis, it also affects the surgical procedure. Many drugs have been used to prevent this complication but none proved to be effective to abolish it completely.

Objectives 

Subhypnotic dose of Midazolam or Propofol were evaluated to prevent intraoperative nausea and vomiting during elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Methods

This study is a randomized control clinical trial, after local ethical committee approval A 93 consenting (ASAII ) parturients, who underwent spinal anesthesia for caesarean section were divided randomly into three groups received Propofol (20 milligram bolus and 0.1 milligram /kilogram/hour by infusion immediately after the bolus dose, 30 parturients ), Midazolam (1 milligram bolus and 1 milligram/hour by infusion after bolus dose, 31 parturients ), and placebo (saline, 32 parturients ) intravenously after umbilical cord clamping. Bupivacaine 0.5% (12.5-15 milligram) used for spinal anesthesia. Intraoperative and post delivery emetic episodes were recorded.

Results

The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly less in the propofol and Midazolam groups in compared to placebo group. There was insignificant difference between Propofol and Midazolam group in postoperative nausea and vomiting (P = 0.616) and there were no significant hemodynamic changes in all the groups. 

Conclusion

The use of Propofol is as effective as Midazolam in decreasing nausea and vomiting during Caesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
GEOGRAPHIC REGION AS AN OBJECT OF TOURIST MARKETING
Authors: Berkova О. , Borysiuk O. , Dudnyk I.
Published: October 2019

Geographical and regional-economic studies are explored approaches to studying the content and features of tourism marketing, including its regional aspects. The analysis of scientific publications on the problems of the scientific reflection of regional aspects of tourism marketing is presented. Considered and substantiated expediency of separation the terms “regional tourism marketing” and “marketing of the tourist region”. Are substantiated necessity and expediency of application of the category of the geographic region as a complex territorial system as an integral object of regional marketing in tourism; features and principles of such application are considered. It is emphasized on the necessity of applying the principle of regionalism because system-geographical and regional-economic aspects are one of the foundations of regional tourism marketing. It is noted that in scientific research on the basis of a systematic approach, it is usually necessary to take into account two aspects: ontological and epistemological. It is determined that the region is a socio-geographical system, which first of all represents an interconnected set of various quality elements (nature-population-economy) in conditions of an integral territory. The features of perspective approaches to the geographical deepening of the principles of regional tourism marketing are outlined. The authors state that in accordance with the geographical methodology, the hierarchy of geographical regions is divided: the zonal region-macroregion – mezoregion – microregion – nanoregion. Based on the study, indicated the urgency of the task of applying geographic approaches to the substantiation of the essence and methods of evaluation of tourist resources, identification and substantiation of the marketing essence of the forms of territorial localization of the tourist sphere, a comprehensive analysis of the territorial structure and regional differentiation of the tourist product, substantiation of geoecological norms, analysis and optimization of transport-territorial systems as elements of a tourist product and as elements of the infrastructure of the region.
Characteristic features of perinatal period in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation of different gestation age
Authors: Yuditskiy Anton D. , Kovalenko Tatyana V. , Petrova Irina N.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To study the perinatal features and sickness rate of newborns of different gestation age with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).
Materials and methods. Group 1 (n = 82) included newborns with gestation age boarders 3236 weeks, group 2 (n = 120) full-term newborns with gestation age 3740 weeks. Characteristic features of anamnesis, gestation period and labor were evaluated; clinical and laboratory-instrumental investigations were performed.
Results. Early hypoglycemia during the first hours of life was registered in 46.3% of premature newborns with IUGR and in 26.7 % of full-term newborns (p 0.01), transitory hypocalcaemia in 13.4 and 20.0 %, respectively. In patients of group 1 chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia (25.7 %) (p 0.05), intranatal asphyxia (40.2 %) (p 0.05), respiratory distress-syndrome at early neonatal period (34.1 %) (p 0.01) were registered more often. During the neonatal period, no differences in frequency and character of perinatal nervous system lesions were detected in the examined groups.
Conclusions. Thus, there were obtained the proofs of significant influence of gestation age on the course of perinatal period, character and severity of pathological states in newborns with IUGR.
Exacerbation of ulcer as a cause of Mellory-Weiss syndrome. Case reports
Authors: Timerbulatov Sh. V. , Valeev Maksim V.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To analyze the results of treatment of patients with Mellory-Weiss syndrome (MWS) and describe a number of MWS cases, caused by exacerbation of the ulcer. To detect the characteristic features of the course of disease and possible variants of unfavorable outcome.
Materials and methods. There were analyzed the results of treatment of 176 patients with MWS, who received hospital treatment from 2008 to 2018. Fifteen MWS cases, caused by ulcer exacerbation, were described. Statistical analysis was conducted; features of disease course were revealed. A clinical case of unfavorable variant of the disease course is presented.
Results. The study included 176 patients. Mellory-Weiss syndrome, caused by ulcer, was registered in 15 of them (main group). The patients of the main group had pain syndrome, lower systolic arterial pressure, lower hemoglobin and erythrocyte amount at admission to hospital. The paper presents the variant of extremely unfavorable course of disease, when relapse of bleeding occurred not from laceration of the mucous membrane, but from the ulcer.
Conclusions. According to our observations, ulcer is a relatively frequent cause of MWS development and takes the second place after alcohol etiology. Such patients have peculiar features of disease course, which require different approach to diagnosis and management.
Online Realtime Sentiment Analysis Tweets by Utilizing Streaming API Features From Twitter
Authors: Bahrawi Nfn
Published: October 2019

Twitter is one of the social media that has a simple and fast concept, because short messages, news or information on Twitter can be more easily digested. This social media is also widely used as an object for researchers or industry to conduct sentiment analysis in the fields of social, economic, political or other fields. Opinion mining or also commonly called sentiment analysis is the process of analyzing text to get certain information in a sentence in the form of opinion. Sentiment analysis is one of the branches of the science of Text mining where text mining is a natural language processing technique and analytical method that is applied to text data to obtain relevant information. Public opinion or sentiment in social media twitter is very dynamic and fast changing, a real time sentiment analysis system is needed and it is automatically updated continuously so that changes can always be monitored, anytime and anywhere. This research builds a system so that it can analyze sentiment from twitter social media in realtime and automatically continuously. The results of the system trial succeeded in drawing data, conducting sentiment analysis and displaying it in graphical and web-based realtime and updated automatically. Furthermore, this research will be developed with a focus on the accuracy of the algorithms used in conducting the sentiment analysis process.
Microvascular complications and their prevalence in newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Manhas Angli , Gupta Meenakshi , Manhas Rameshwar S. , Gupta Dinesh , Manhas Gaurav S.
Published: October 2019

Background: A group of metabolic diseases is ‘diabetes’ which has become a major global concern is characterized by high blood sugar. In the world about 347 million people have diabetes. Untreated long standing hyperglycemia leads to microvascular complications in newly diagnosed DM. The objective of the study was to find out prevalence of microvascular complications in newly diagnosed Type-2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 6 months involved 200 patients who were diagnosed with T2DM having ≤6 months duration was conducted in the out-patient department of medicine and ophthalmology at a tertiary care hospital. Informed consent was taken from all the participants who were willing to participate. Detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations were done to diagnose microvascular complications.Results: Maximum number of studied subjects i.e. 54% were seen in age group of 41-50 yrs. Males were 56% whereas females comprised 44%. Total of 52% of subjects were from rural background. Nephropathy was the most common microvascular complication present in 54% patients followed by neuropathy in 30% and retinopathy in 8% (NPDR in 7% and PDR in 1%) of patients.Conclusions: From the present study it has been concluded that nephropathy is the most common microvascular complication in newly diagnosed T2DM followed by neuropathy and retinopathy. Authors recommend that education of high-risk group regarding diabetes and its complications by electronic and print media is required so that they seek medical consultation at the earliest. Screening for diabetes at a younger age in view of lower average age at presentation and high prevalence of microvascular complications.
National health insurance system for universal health coverage: prospects and challenges in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Mohammad F.
Published: October 2019

Universal health coverage (UHC) is one of the major health policy objectives to achieve a Nation’s sustainable development. This goal is achieved when all citizens in the country enjoy the highest standards of healthcare at no or low cost. Many countries around the world have achieved UHC through a national health insurance framework and have an extensive range of risks funded by government revenue and contributions from both employers and employees. This study examines the feasibility of developing a National Health Insurance System (NHIS) as a way to achieve UHC in Saudi Arabia. It also highlights the potential role of health insurance in health coverage, improving the quality of care, and use of healthcare. Although establishing a NHIS poses many challenges, addressing them makes it feasible to provide and finance healthcare in the country.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of human herpes virus 6 and 7 in patients with pityriasis rosea using polymerase chain reaction in a tertiary care hospital, Puducherry
Authors: Murugaiyan Rangaraj , Kaliyaperumal Karthikeyan , Rangasamy Balamurugan
Published: October 2019

Background: Human herpes virus (HHV) 6 and 7 belongs to Betaherpesviridae a sub-family of Herpesviridae. HHV-6 and HHV-7 are double stranded DNA group viruses. The cause of PR and the disease caused by HHV is not well established. The association of HHV 6 and HHV 7 with pityriasis rosea (PR) is under controversy. The HHV DNA is also detected in normal controls which evidence the non- significance of HHV in the pathogenesis of PR.

Methods: The study design was planned for 35 consecutive cases of pityriasis rosea of all age groups. This study was carried out at the department of Dermatology and Central Research Lab, at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry. Since there is no universally accepted diagnostic protocol for PR, we have planned to detect HHV-6 and 7 DNA by PCR from the lesions of all clinically diagnosed cases of pityriasis rosea.

Results: In contrary to the expected outcome that HHV-6 and HHV-7 positivity would correlate to the possible pathogenesis of the disease, the PCR results of all the 35 samples from clinically suspected PR cases were found to be negative.

Conclusions: We conclude that HHV-6 and HHV-7 viruses may not always play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus PR speculated to have more than one etiology may have agents other than HHV6 and HHV7 involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Trabalho uno ou omni: entre o trabalho concreto e o trabalho abstrato
Authors: Antunes Ricardo
Published: October 2019

Nos últimos anos, ao mesmo tempo em que perdeu relevância o debate em torno do fim do trabalho, dada sua monumental fragilidade teórica e empírica, obteve certo destaque um conjunto de formulações que unilateralizam o trabalho, associando-o diretamente ao capitalismo e seu trabalho assalariado e abstrato, de tal modo que qualquer esforço de emancipação humana e societal somente poderia ser vivenciada a partir da negação do trabalho.
Microcrédito: uma política social de redução da pobreza?
Authors: Colodeti Vicente de Paulo
Published: October 2019

Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o presente trabalho busca alcançar dois objetivos principais: a) conhecer e analisar as limitações e as potencialidades da concessão de microcrédito — vista como suposta política social — para a redução significativa da pobreza no Brasil; b) analisar criticamente um conjunto de argumentos teóricos nitidamente favoráveis ao desenvolvimento de programas de microcrédito voltados ao “combate à pobreza”, argumentos esses que, em conjunto, constituem o que é aqui chamado “teoria pró-microcrédito”. Para tanto, lançou-se mão de algumas das principais produções teóricas favoráveis ao microcrédito, de documentos institucionais e governamentais com informações sobre o funcionamento de programas que concedem tal modalidade de crédito na contemporaneidade brasileira e de diversos dados sobre a pobreza e o trabalho informal no País. Discute-se a diversidade de concepções teóricas da pobreza, da informalidade e da política social, dadas as interfaces destas com o microcrédito, o qual, no campo teórico, é predominantemente considerado um tipo de investimento “produtivo e orientado” fornecido a responsáveis por pequenos negócios (em sua maioria, informais) e que funcionaria como importante ativo gerador de renda para os “microepreendedores”, possibilitando-lhes, assim, superar a pobreza. Entende-se que a conexão estabelecida entre a teoria pró-microcrédito e a agenda política de “combate à pobreza” funda-se numa visão neoliberal da realidade social. Conclui-se que os programas de microcrédito têm impacto muito pouco significativo na redução da pobreza brasileira e que não tocam num aspecto central do e nfrentamento resoluto da pobreza, no País: o elevado grau de concentração da riqueza socialmente produzida.
Tendências contemporâneas da Política de Assistência Social: uma análise das transformações ocorridas na concepção de Assistência Social no Brasil
Authors: Campos Naara Lima
Published: October 2019

presente trabalho reúne os elementos que compõem a atual concepção de assistência social no Brasil, a partir da promulgação da constituição de 1988 quando a assistência social foi reconhecida pela primeira vez como direito de cidadania e dever legal do Estado, garantido pela Lei Suprema. Nesta lei a assistência social pressupunha uma lógica de pleno emprego, destinada, portanto, prioritaria-mente aos incapazes para o trabalho. No entanto, em um contexto de desemprego estrutural esta passa a ser compreendida em termos de garantias de seguranças, bus-cando assumir a proteção social daqueles capazes para o trabalho, tendo em vista a deterioração do mercado de trabalho, restrição de oportunidades e de renda e o cres-cimento progressivo do desemprego e da informalidade. A idéia central é de que se trata de uma descrição crítica da concepção de assistência social no Brasil, problema-tizando cada um de seus argumentos mais explícitos com o intuito de revelar uma intencionalidade vinculada à uma perspectiva de Estado. Utilizamos o termo concepção no sentido de conceber, pensar, sentir, entender ou interpretar algo. A assistência social na atualidade, responde a um único processo que reúne aspectos históricos, econômicos, políticos, sociais e ideológicos e neste sentido, representa uma concepção de mundo e um projeto de sociedade, defendido pela classe domi-nante, pautado pela exploração do trabalho. A atual concepção de assistência social segue, portanto, uma nova forma de política social a partir da perspectiva de desen-volvimento humano e combate à pobreza em que a grande ênfase tem sido a de reti-rar as discussões e a intervenção na pobreza do âmbito da questão social, alocando-a nos indivíduos e em suas "incapacidades". A assistência social ao assumir a respon-sabilidade ou co-responsabilidade no desenvolvimento de capacidades dos indiví-duos sinaliza a tendência de uma nova concepção de bem-estar social.
Política de Segurança Pública no Brasil contemporâneo: entre a segurança cidadã e a continuidade autoritária
Authors: Santos Valber Ricardo dos
Published: October 2019

O objeto de estudo dessa pesquisa é a política de segurança pública brasileira visando compreender o seu percurso ideológico e político no contexto de retomada e da con-solidação da democracia no Brasil, após 21 anos de ditadura militar. Considerando o contexto no qual se verifica a existência de disputa política em torno da concepção de segu-rança pública, o objetivo geral deste trabalho é compreender a matriz estruturante da política de segurança pública no Brasil contemporâneo. Seu intuito visa responder à pergunta inicial e condutora do interesse que estrutura este trabalho, aqui apresentada nos seguintes termos: a política de segurança pública no Brasil após o restabelecimento das eleições diretas para a Presidência da República está em vias de transição, tendendo a assumir caráter democrático ou a força da tradição autoritária na cultura política brasileira tem-se garantido a sua continu-idade neste campo da intervenção estatal? Ancoramos a nossa reflexão nas categorias teóricas de dominação, coerção e consenso no pensamento clássico de Hobbes, Marx, Weber e Grams-ci, extraindo deles os elementos que nos auxiliam no entendimento da política de segurança pública brasileira. Para o estudo dessa política foi fundamental operamos uma profunda revi-são bibliográfica, especialmente para entender como a manutenção da ordem foi se dese-nhando no contexto brasileiro e como historicamente tem prevalecido um modelo de segu-rança pública marcado pelo autoritarismo. Entretanto, a partir da redemocratização brasileira há a emergência de outro paradigma para a política de segurança pública, a segurança cidadã, propondo, entre outras coisas, a reforma das instituições de segurança pública e a formação em direitos humanos nas instituições policiais. Para a análise do paradigma emergente de segurança, buscamos apoio no Programa Nacional dos Direitos Humanos e no Plano Nacio-nal de Segurança Pública, documentos federais que representam a construção de uma nova intencionalidade para a segurança pública no Brasil. Finalmente, reconhecemos que, embora haja significativas reformas na segurança pública, tal política, diante da prevalência de um paradigma de segurança tradicional com fortes componentes autoritários, se encontra entre a segurança cidadã e a continuidade autoritária.
Voting Preferences at Getasan Sub-District in Semarang Regency Head Election
Authors: Mediatati Nani , R. Nababan Kristina
Published: October 2019

The regional head election in Semarang Regency was followed by two candidate pairs namely Mundjirin-Ngesti Nugraha and Nur Jatmiko - Mas' Ridudwan. One of the candidates is an incumbent from the previous regent, Mundjirin. This research tries to analyze related to voter preferences in Semarang Regency Regent election. Data collection methods used were interviews, observation and literature study. From the results of the study, researchers found two factors that had a significant influence in influencing the preferences of the Getasan sub-district community voters in the Semarang Regent election, namely the popularity and success team of the candidate pair. The habit of blusukan to the community while serving as regent previously made the popularity of Mundjirin known by the community. This has become a big capital in influencing people's preference to choose because the community's trust in their leaders has been built. On the other hand, Mundjirin is paired with Ngesti where Ngesti is a native / native son of Getasan sub-district, making Getasan to contribute greatly in giving victory to this couple. In addition, Ngesti was also the chairperson of Commission C of the Semarang Regency DPRD with the vote of 14,728 as the only candidate to reach the BPP and have a good role in the Semarang community. The factor of the campaign team and volunteers also has a big contribution because the success team becomes a form of socialization that is more easily understood by the community and even the successful team moves up to the RT level, besides of course inviting family and colleagues who have the right to vote.
Granting of the Usufructuary Rights over Customary Land for Oil Palm Plantations in Nagari Inderapura of Pesisir Selatan Regency
Authors: Supriyanto Heroe , Warman Kurnia , Nurdin Zefrizal
Published: October 2019

The objectives of this study are to: 1) describe and explain the granting of oil palm plantation licensing which becomes usufructuary rights, 2) describe and explain the release of customary rights for the oil palm plantation business, and 3) describe and explain the granting and registration of usufructuary rights of oil palm plantation originating from customary rights. This study employs an empirical juridical approach. Granting of oil palm plantation business licensing occurs with the approval of the principle of oil palm plantation cultivation business, application for location permits and a letter from the Governor of the Level I Region of West Sumatra Province regarding licensing for land clearing for the oil palm plantation business. Currently, the release of customary rights for the oil palm plantation business in Nagari Inderapura is carried out using the custom of “diisi limbago dituang” method through consensus agreement with payment of silihjariah money to ninik mamak with a total land area of ± 11,930 hectares. Granting and registration of usufructuary rights of oil palm plantations must be registered in the land book at the land office and must also advance the rights of local customary people. In this case, the main target of the use of customary land is to improve the welfare and prosperity of customary people. In addition, in agrarian reform, land redistribution is required to provide at least 20% (twenty percent) of the land area used for the local community.
Legal Protection to Creditors and Debtors in the Case of Withheld Fiducia Guarantee Object as Evidence of Criminal Case
Authors: Putra Andika , Ismansyah Ismansyah , Yulfasni Yulfasni
Published: October 2019

Land is a very important means to carry out development, and the problem of land acquisition for these needs is not easy to solve because with the increasing development of land demand is also increasing while the land supply is very limited. Regarding the existence and function of land, there is a legal relationship between humans with land, including the act of transferring rights and release of land rights, in order to provide legal certainty for the act referred to, it is necessary to set forth in the form of a deed made before a Notary or before the District Head or before the Head of the National Land Agency. But today, the public is more entrusted to make this SPPHT before a Notary Public in order to ensure legal certainty, and also the Land Agency has suggested making a transitional deed through a Notary Deed to be more efficient. The method used is empirical juridical research. Research data were collected through field studies through interviews with resource persons to obtain primary data and literature studies to obtain primary data. The focus of this research is to find out and analyze how the process of releasing land rights for development through a notarial deed in the city of Padang. The results showed that  1) the release of rights before the Notary Public through the Signing of the Deed of Relinquishment of Land Rights which first checked all the requirements by the Notary, then the deed is perfectly signed into an authentic deed and guarantees legal certainty. 2) The process of land registration is based on the deed of release of rights made by a Notary in the City of Padang by submitting an application along with the Deed of Relinquishment of Land Rights and other requirements, then reviewing the field and issuing maps by the Land Agency.
THE EFFECTS OF THE QUESTION “WHAT DO YOU WANT?” ON MAND TRAINING OUTCOMES OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM
Authors: Bowen Crystal N. , Shillingsburg M. Alice , Carr James E.
Published: October 2019

Mands sometimes are taught using the question “What do you want?” as a supplement to the required features of the mand relation: an establishing operation and a related consequence. Although verbal prompts have been used during mand training, they also may result in undesirable stimulus control. However, no direct empirical evidence exists to support this concern. The purpose of the present study was to compare mand training with and without supplemental questions on acquisition rate and maintenance when those questions were no longer presented. The 2 training conditions did not differ substantially in their outcomes for 2 children with autism.
The Potential Influence of the Microbiome on the Development and Progression of ADHD
Authors: Bull-Larsen Stephanie , Mohajeri M. Hasan
Published: October 2019

The latest research cumulates staggering information about the correlation between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review aims to shed light on the potential influence of the microbiome on the development of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disease, attention-deficit-hyperactive disorder (ADHD). As the etiology and pathophysiology of ADHD are still unclear, finding viable biomarkers and effective treatment still represent a challenge. Therefore, we focused on factors that have been associated with a higher risk of developing ADHD while simultaneously influencing the microbial composition. We reviewed the effect of a differing microbial composition on neurotransmitter concentrations important in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Additionally, we deduced factors that correlate with a high prevalence of ADHD while simultaneously affecting the gut microbiome such as emergency c-sections, and premature birth as the former leads to a decrease of the gut microbial diversity and the latter causes neuroprotective Lactobacillus levels to be reduced. Also, we assessed nutritional influences such as breastfeeding, ingestion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the host’s microbiome and development of ADHD. Finally, we discussed the potential significance of Bifidobacterium as a biomarker for ADHD, the importance of preventing premature birth as prophylaxis and nutrition as a prospective therapeutic measurement against ADHD.
Au Extraction from Mineral Rocks with Aeration-Cyanidation Hydrometallurgy and Comparative Study of Its Effectiveness in Various Methods and Solvents
Authors: Ariyanti Dhita , Syaifuddin Muhammad
Published: October 2019

Indonesia is a country with abundant mining potential, one of it is gold (Au) which has a high economic value. Separation of gold metal from mineral rock consists of several methods, such as extraction, hydrometallurgy, and membrane emulsifier technology. These three methods produce different effectiveness of percentage recovery (%recovery), depend on the optimum conditions of each method and type of solvent. This study aims to separate the gold metal from mineral rocks through the hydrometallurgical method with an aeration-cyanidation solvent combination. Hidrometallurgy method is liquid extraction from ores. The test used is a qualitative test of SnCl2 solution and characterization test with XRF. The results showed that the percentage of recovery (%recovery) of Au with aeration and cyanidation process for 24 hours was 92.8%. Aeration and cyanidation better than emulsifier membrane method and hydrometallurgy with sodium bisulphite, hydrogen peroxide, Cyanex 272 and NH4Cl 0.9 M.
Right-to-Carry Laws and Firearm Workplace Homicides: A Longitudinal Analysis (1992–2017)
Authors: Doucette Mitchell L. , Crifasi Cassandra K. , Frattaroli Shannon
Published: October 2019

Objectives. To examine the impact of right-to-carry (RTC) firearm laws on firearm workplace homicides (WPHs) in the United States from 1992 to 2017.

Methods. We employed 2 longitudinal methods to examine the average effect (pooled, cross-sectional, time-series analysis) and the state-specific effect (random effects meta-analysis) of RTC laws on WPHs committed by firearms from 1992 to 2017 in a 50-state panel. Both methods utilized a generalized linear mixed model with a negative binomial distribution.

Results. From 1992 to 2017, the average effect of having an RTC law was significantly associated with 29% higher rates of firearm WPHs (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14, 1.45). No other state-level policies were associated with firearm WPHs. Sensitivity analyses suggest robust findings. State-specific estimates suggest that passing an RTC law during our study period was significantly associated with 24% increase in firearm WPH rates (95% CI = 1.09, 1.40).

Conclusions. This is the first study to our knowledge to examine the link between RTC firearm laws and firearm WPHs. Findings indicate that RTC laws likely pose a threat to worker safety and contribute to the recent body of literature that finds RTC laws are associated with increased incidence of violence.
Health Impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on St Thomas and St John, US Virgin Islands, 2017–2018
Authors: Chowdhury Muhammad Abdul Baker , Fiore Andrew J. , Cohen Scott A. , Wheatley Clayton , Wheatley Barnard , Balakrishnan Meenakshi Puthucode , Chami Michael , Scieszka Laura , Drabin Matthew , Roberts Kelsey A. , Toben Alexandra C. , Tyndall J. Adrian , Grattan Lynn M. , Morris J. Glenn
Published: October 2019

Objectives. To assess the health impact of Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria on St Thomas, US Virgin Islands.

Methods. We collected data from interviews conducted 6 and 9 months after the hurricanes, a review of 597 randomly selected emergency department (ED) encounters, and administrative records from 10 716 ED visits 3 months before, between, and 3 months after the hurricanes.

Results. Informants described damaged hospital infrastructure, including flooding, structural damage, and lost staff. The greatest public health impact was on the elderly and persons with chronic diseases. In the setting of loss of the electronic medical record system, ED chart reviews were limited by problems with missing data. ED administrative data demonstrated that posthurricane patients, compared with prehurricane patients, were older and had less severe complaints. There was a significant increase in patients being seen for diabetes-related and respiratory complaints, especially asthma. Suboptimal recordkeeping for medical evacuees limited the ability to assess outcomes for patients with severe illnesses.

Conclusions. Hurricanes Irma and Maria caused major disruptions to health care on St Thomas. Emphasis should be given to building a resilient health care system that will optimally respond to future hurricanes.
SNAP at the Community Scale: How Neighborhood Characteristics Affect Participation and Food Access
Authors: Cohen Nevin
Published: October 2019

Cities are spatially diverse, with enclaves of particular demographic groups, clusters of businesses, and pockets of low-income individuals living amid affluence.

This essay presents data from New York City to illustrate the importance of measuring and addressing neighborhood characteristics that affect Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and the purchasing power of SNAP benefits: pockets of “eligible-but-not-enrolled” individuals, proximity between SNAP participants and jobs, and variations in food prices across neighborhoods.

It concludes with 5 examples of how addressing these community-scale issues can increase SNAP participation and food access.
Archivos de zootecnia. Informe editorial 2009.
Authors: Gómez Castro A. G. , López de Bustamante M. C. , Perea Muñoz J. , Arcos Castejón J.
Published: October 2019

Se analiza el proceso editorial de Archivos de Zootecnia durante 2009. Se recibieron 342 manuscritos procedentes de 24 países, principalmente de Brasil (75,8%). Consecuentemente, el lenguaje más frecuentemente usado fue el portugués, seguido del español y el inglés. El tiempo medio entre recepción y publicación de un manuscrito fue elevado (690,7 dias). La tasa de rechazo fue del 53,5%. En 2009 fueron publicados 44 artículos, 72 notas breves y 9 revisiones (125 trabajos en total) cuyos autores pertenecían a 29 países diferentes.
Fixação biológica de nitrogênio em pastagens com diferentes intensidades de corte*.
Authors: Silva L. L. G. G. , Alves G. C. , Ribeiro J. R. A. , Urquiaga S. , Souto S. M. , Figueiredo M. V. B. , Burity H. A.
Published: October 2019

O manejo correto numa pastagem e o uso da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) ajudam a torná-la sustentável. Foram realizados três experimentos, cada um com uma espécie de capim forrageiro na estação experimental da Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária em Itambé, na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Foram avaliadas a produção de matéria seca, acúmulo de nitrogênio e FBN das plantas sob vários regimes de corte. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 5 repetições que foram usasadas. Para Brachiaria decumbens e B. humidicola foram usadas intensidades de corte 5, 15, 25 cm e 25 cm + 80 kg N ha-1, e para o Pennisetum purpureum, 5, 25, 50 cm e 50 cm + 80 kg N ha-1. Os períodos avaliados foram transição seca/águas e águas em 2001. A FBN foi estimada pela abundância natural (d15N). Corte drástico (5 cm), no período de transição seca/águas, contribuiu para produção e acúmulo de nitrogênio na B. decumbens, mas não houve influência significativa das intensidades de cortes na FBN nas três pastagens e nas estações. Concluiu-se que a contribuição da FBN variou com a estação e que cortes altos não teve influência sobre o N acumulado, deste modo confirma-se que as três gramíneas são tolerantes a cortes drásticos.
Alimentação de leitoas pré-púberes com dietas contendo aflatoxinas ou Zearalenona.
Authors: Andretta I. , Lovatto P. A. , Lanferdini E. , Lehnen C. R. , Rossi C. A. R. , Hauschild L. , Fraga B. N. , Garcia G. G. , Mallmann C. A.
Published: October 2019

Um experimento foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho, a morfologia vulvar e os pesos de órgãos viscerais e de trato reprodutivo em leitoas pré-púberes alimentadas com dietas contendo aflatoxinas ou zearalenona durante 28 dias. Foram utilizados 18 animais com peso médio inicial de 11 quilogramas. Três tratamentos (dieta controle - DC; DC + 1 mg kg-1 de aflatoxinas; DC + 2 mg kg-1 de zearalenona) foram utilizados em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições. As aflatoxinas reduziram (p0,05) o consumo de ração (DC x DC + zearalenona: 1,087 x 0,986 kg), a conversão alimentar (1,85 x 1,86), o ganho de peso (0,608 x 0,539 kg) e o peso vivo dos animais (27,4 x 25,5 kg) em relação ao grupo controle. Os pesos relativos de fígado e coração também não foram alterados (p>0,05) pelas micotoxinas. Porém, a zearalenona aumentou (p
Degradación de las enzimas fibrolíticas de Trametes sp. EUM1, Pleurotus ostreatus IE8 y de Fibrozyme®.
Authors: Márquez Araque A. T. , Mendoza Martínez G. D. , González Muñoz S. S. , Buntinx Dios S. , Meneses Mayo M. , Loera Corral O.
Published: October 2019

Se determinó la degradación en líquido ruminal de las enzimas producidas por los hongos Trametes sp. EUM1, P. ostreatus IE8 y de las presentes en un producto fibrolítico comercial (Fibrozyme®) mediante la medición del nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH3) liberado. Para cada enzima los resultados se analizaron como un experimento factorial (3x2x2) con los factores: sustrato (xilano, carboximeticelulosa y sin sustrato), nivel de proteína de la enzima (1 ó 2) y el tiempo de contacto de la enzima con el sustrato previo a la incubación (0 ó 1 h). La concentración de N-NH3 en líquido ruminal fue diferente (p£0,05) entre sustratos en todos las enzimas estudiadas. El nivel de proteína de la enzima tuvo efecto (p£0,05) sobre la concentración de N-NH3 en el líquido ruminal con enzimas de Trametes sp. y P. ostreatus, pero no en el incubado con Fibrozyme. La interacción sustrato por nivel de proteína tuvo efecto (p£0,05) en la concentración de N-NH3 en las enzimas de Trametes sp. y P. ostreatus. Se observaron menores concentraciones de N-NH3 al incubar las enzimas con un sustrato, por lo que se considera un factor importante en la estabilidad de las enzimas estudiadas.
Método simple para recolección total de orina de vacas en pastoreo de gramíneas o arbustivas.
Authors: Valdivia V. , Sandoval Castro C. A. , Otaduy K. , Kú Vera J. C.
Published: October 2019

Se diseñó y evaluó una metodología de recolección total de orina en la hembra bovina en condiciones de silvopastoreo. Para evaluar las bolsas se utilizaron 4 vacas (Bos taurus x B. indicus) con un peso vivo de 415 kg. El tiempo de pastoreo fue de 20 horas/día. La bolsa diseñada funcionó bien y no se observaron pérdidas de orina ni contaminación de la orina con excretas. La excreción de orina por día fue de 12,8; 13,6; 11,97 y 12,3 kg/día sin diferencias estadísticas.
Homeopatia na terminação de novilhos em confinamento.
Authors: Ítavo L. C. V. , Dias A. M. , Ítavo C. C. B. F. , Ottoni A. L. , Morais M. G. , Torres Júnior R. A. A.
Published: October 2019

Avaliou-se o desempenho de novilhos da raça Brangus em confinamento recebendo produto homeopático (promotor de crescimento) na fase de terminação. Foram utilizados 28 novilhos, com 18 meses e 401,5 kg de peso corporal (PC) médio inicial, distribuídos em dois tratamentos com, sendo que 14 animais receberam 2 g/animal/dia de produto homeopático e 14 animais não receberam (tratamento controle). A alimentação foi fornecida duas vezes ao dia, sendo 60% de silagem de milho e 40% de concentrado, com base na matéria seca (MS). Não houve efeito do tratamento homeopático sobre os parâmetros avaliados. O ganho de peso diário (GMD) foi de 1,35 e 1,23 kg/dia para os tratamentos com e sem homeopatia. Os animais que receberam o tratamento homeopático apresentaram peso de abate de 515,79±18,71 kg contra 504,36±14,36 kg para o grupo controle. O uso de homeopatia não proporcionou melhor desempenho aos animais terminados em confinamento. Sugere-se que novos estudos sejam realizados com o produto homeopático em diferentes sistemas de produção e níveis de alimentação.
Suplementación postdestete de corderas Pelibuey x Blackbelly en pastoreo en el trópico húmedo.
Authors: Cadenas J. A. , Oliva-Hernández J. , Hinojosa J. A. , Torres-Hernández G.
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del complemento alimenticio en el comportamiento productivo postdestete de corderas Pelibuey x Blackbelly manejadas bajo condiciones de pastoreo. Veintiocho corderas Pelibuey x Blackbelly se asignaron a uno de dos tratamientos: 1) complementación alimenticia baja: 0,18 Mcal de energía metabolizable (EM) cordera-1d-1 y 10,5 g de proteína bruta (PB) cordera-1d-1 o 2) complementación alimenticia media: 0,54 Mcal de EM y 31,6 g de PB cordera-1d-1, durante 70 días. La complementación alimenticia no afectó (p>0,05) al peso corporal y la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP). Se concluye, que en corderas Pelibuey x Blackbelly en pastoreo, la complementación alimenticia media no mejora la GDP con respecto a la complementación alimenticia baja.
Estudo comparativo de diferentes técnicas de avaliação da concentração espermática em suínos.
Authors: Murgas L. D. S. , Lima D. , Alvarenga A. L. N. , Zangeronimo M. G. , Oberlender G. , Oliveira S. L.
Published: October 2019

A determinação precisa e acurada da concentração espermática do ejaculado suíno é importante na produção de doses inseminantes com um número determinado de espermatozóides. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar a eficiência de algumas técnicas de mensuração da concentração espermática no sêmen e determinar equações de predição, estabelecendo uma correlação entre elas. Foram coletados 93 ejaculados que tiveram as concentrações espermáticas determinadas de forma direta (câmara de Neubauer, CN) ou indireta (espermiodensímetro, ED e espectrofotômetro, EF). Foi utilizado um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 93 repetições e duas análises por parcela experimental. Os valores foram submetidos à análise de variância, as médias submetidas ao teste SNK e os tratamentos interrelacionados pelo ajuste do modelo linear entre os dados (equações de predição). Não houve diferença na determinação da concentração espermática obtida com ED (361,7 x 106 sptz/ml) e EF (343,7 x 106 sptz/ml), porém estes valores foram maiores com relação a CN (245,3 x 106 sptz/ml). As equações obtidas foram: ED= -0,30 [volume (em ml)] + 0,61 EF + 213,47 (R2= 0,72) e ED= -0,50 [volume (ml)] + 0,47 CN (R2= 0,7). As técnicas de mensuração da concentração espermática pelo ED e EF superestimam os valores em relação à CN. Novos estudos devem ser conduzidos para determinar a verdadeira eficiência com que essas técnicas são empregadas a campo.
Características sensoriais da carne de cordeiro maturada e injetada com cloreto de cálcio.
Authors: Zeola N. M. B. L. , Souza P. A. , Souza H. B. A. , Silva Sobrinho A. G.
Published: October 2019

Foram estudadas as características sensoriais da carne de cordeiros Morada Nova proveniente dos músculos Biceps femoris, Longissimus e Triceps brachii submetidos aos efeitos do tempo de maturação e da injeção com cloreto de cálcio. Os cordeiros foram abatidos ao atingirem 25 kg de peso vivo. Após o período de instalação do rigor mortis, os músculos foram retirados e submetidos aos respectivos tratamentos. A análise de variância indicou que o tempo de maturação e o fator cloreto de cálcio não influenciaram os atributos sabor (6,71) e maciez (7,13) das carnes provenientes do Biceps femoris. A interação entre os fatores foi não significativa para o atributo maciez, entretanto foi significativa para o atributo sabor. O tempo de maturação não afetou os atributos cor (7,08), sabor (7,42), maciez (7,83) e impressão global (7,58) das carnes provenientes do Longissimus sem cloreto de cálcio, para as carnes com cloreto de cálcio estes atributos também não foram afetados. O tempo de maturação e o cloreto de cálcio não influenciaram os atributos sabor (6,88) e maciez (7,34) das carnes provenientes do Triceps brachii. A interação entre os fatores foi não significativa para os atributos sabor e maciez. A qualidade sensorial da carne de cordeiros Morada Nova, mostrou-se semelhante quanto aos atributos avaliados quando foi submetida aos processos de maturação e injeção com cloreto de cálcio.
Desempenho de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) suplementada com vitamina C.
Authors: Navarro R. D. , Ferreira W. M. , Ribeiro Filho O. P. , Botion L. M. , Pereira F. K. S. , Silva R. F. , Maciel T. E. F.
Published: October 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar a suplementação de vitamina C no desempenho produtivo de tilápias revertidas (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram utilizadas 400 pós-larvas revertidas num delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg/kg de vitamina C monofosfato de ácido ascórbico L) numa ração isoprotéica de 36% de PB e isocalórica 3600 kcal de ED/kg com 4 repetições. Observou-se efeito significativo no peso médio final e ganho de peso com 50, 100 e 200 mg de vitamina C por kg. Não foi observada diferença significativa para o comprimento total. No entanto, para o comprimento padrão foi observada diferença significativa com os tratamentos 50, 100 e 200 mg/kg. Verificou-se efeito significativo na taxa de eficiência protéica com suplemen-tação de 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg/kg de vitamina C. A suplementação de vitamina C não influenciou a porcentagem de MS, proteína bruta e porcentagem de proteína no ganho de peso. Não foi observada diferença significativa dos tratamentos para extrato etéreo, porcentagem de gordura no ganho de peso. A suplementação de vitamina C não influenciou significativamente a concentração de glicogênio no músculo. Não foi observada diferença significativa para glicogênio do fígado.