bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of K-Pop Lovers' Self-Control in Purchasing K-Pop Merchandise
Authors: Putri Kharisma Dika Aqida , Paryontri Ramon Ananda
Published: October 2024

The increasing spread of the Kpop industry today has made many phenomena from various groups of fans, some of the problems that often arise are impulsive purchases of Kpop merch related to idols, the purpose of this study is to find out the picture of self-control in the purchase of kpop merch owned by 2 K-Pop fans with early adulthood who live in Sidoarjo,  The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, using unstructured interviews that are open and very flexible. The analysis technique uses thematic analysis techniques in the form of coding, the method used to test the validity of the data in this study uses data triangulation and observational observations. The results of this study show an overview of aggressive behavior, fanaticism, hedonism, exceeding the budget limit set by oneself, long time memory as an influence on purchases, flexing, and social support. However, behind this behavior, there is still a process of self-control carried out by the subject such as limiting purchases, waiting for the next month to buy, buying pre-order to save, realizing oneself because it is just a desire, not tampering with damaged goods, hiding the device used to buy merchandise.Semakin menyebarnya industri Kpop dewasa ini menjadikan banyaknya fenomena dari berbagai kalangan penggemar, beberapa masalah yang sering muncul yaitu pembelian impulsif pada merch Kpop yang berhubungan dengan idola, tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui gambaran kontrol diri pada pembelian merch kpop yang dimiliki oleh 2 orang penggemar K-Pop dengan usia dewasa awal yang bertempat tinggal di Sidoarjo, metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, dengan menggunakan wawancara tidak terstruktur yang bersifat terbuka dan sangat fleksibel. Teknik analisa menggunakan teknik analisis tematik yang berbentuk coding, Metode yang digunakan untuk menguji keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi data dan juga perpanjagan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan gambaran bahwa adanya perilaku agresif, fanatisme, hedonisme, melebihi batas anggaran yang ditetapkan olleh dirinya sendiri, long time memory sebagai pengaruh pembelian, flexing, dan dukungan sosial. Namun dibalik adanya perilaku tersebut masih adanya proses kontrol diri yang dilakukan oleh subjek seperti membatasi pembelian, menunggu bulan depan untuk membeli, membeli secara pre-order untuk menghemat, menyadarkan diri karena itu hanya keinginan, tidak mengotak-atik yang rusak, menyembunyikan perangkat yang digunakan untuk membeli merchandise.
The Impact of TikTok Social Media on Users: A Neuropsychological Perspective
Authors: Wicaksono Thomas Ari , Reformasianto Viki Love , Mufidah Diffani , Anggelina Elsa , Wimbarti Supra , Kusrohmaniah Sri
Published: October 2024

TikTok has a personalized algorithm and is designed with a user-centered approach, which raises concerns about the impact it will have on cognitive function and user behavior. There is a lack of literature that discusses the integration of topics between the impact of TikTok algorithms on cognitive function and user behavior. This study uses the literature review method by collecting and selecting relevant literature from various databases to compile information about the impact of using TikTok on cognitive function and individual behavior in one scientific article. Based on the results of a review of 14 literatures, TikTok has a negative impact on several areas in the brain. The areas affected by using Tiktok are the user's reward system, activation of the default mode network (DMN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the amygdala, and affect the hippocampus. Then, the impact of Tiktok on individual behavior includes decreased concentration, impulsivity in making decisions, and addictive behavior. Therefore, the use of TikTok needs to be balanced with awareness of the potential impact behind it and wise choices for its use.TikTok memiliki Algoritma yang dipersonalisasi dan dirancang dengan pendekatan yang berpusat pada pengguna atau user-centered, hal ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran pada dampak yang akan dihasilkan pada fungsi kognitif dan perilaku pengguna. Kurangnya literatur yang membahas mengenai integrasi topik antara dampak algoritma Tiktok pada fungsi kognitif dan perilaku pengguna. Studi ini menggunakan metode literature review dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan dan menyeleksi literatur yang relevan dari berbagai database untuk menghimpun informasi mengenai dampak penggunaan Tiktok pada fungsi kognitif dan perilaku individu dalam satu artikel ilmiah. Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan dari 14 literatur, Tiktok memberi dampak negatif terhadap beberapa area di otak. Area yang terdampak dari penggunaan Tiktok yaitu reward system pengguna, aktivasi area default mode network (DMN) dan ventral tegmental area (VTA), penurunan grey matter volume (GMV) pada amygdala, dan mempengaruhi hippocampus. Kemudian, dampak Tiktok terhadap perilaku individu di antaranya menurunnya konsentrasi, impulsif dalam mengambil keputusan, dan perilaku adiktif. Karenanya, penggunaan Tiktok perlu diimbangin dengan kesadaran akan dampak potensial dibaliknya serta pilihan-pilihan bijak untuk penggunaannya.
Analysis of Organizational Structure Changes in the Rupiah Money Management Implementation Unit at the Representative Office of Bank Indonesia
Authors: Humairoh Kirana , Kadiyono Anissa Lestari
Published: October 2024

Technological and economic developments in Indonesia have made Bank Indonesia continue to adjust, one of which is in the form of changes to the organizational structure carried out on the Payment System and Rupiah Management Team at the Representative Office of Bank Indonesia Province X. This study aims to see the effectiveness of these changes by providing an overview of the process of change in qualitative descriptive using the Star Model approach which consists of five aspects, namely strategy, structure, process, rewards, and people. Data collection was carried out using interviews and observations of informants who had been selected based on the purposive sampling method to 3 (three) employees of the Rupiah Money Management Division at the Bank Indonesia Representative Office Province X with different positions, namely cash administration assistant, cash administration senior executive, and an assistant supervisor. Furthermore, the data is analyzed by reviewing all available data sources until a synthesis is produced and a working hypothesis is developed. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of changes has considered policies in each category of the Star Model.Perkembangan teknologi dan ekonomi di Indonesia membuat Bank Indonesia terus melakukan penyesuaian, salah satunya adalah dalam bentuk perubahan struktur organisasi yang dilakukan pada Tim Pengelolaan Uang Rupiah di Kantor Perwakilan Bank Indonesia Provinsi X. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas perubahan tersebut dengan memberikan gambaran proses perubahan secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan Star Model yang terdiri dari lima aspek, yaitu strategy, structure, process, rewards, dan people. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi terhadap informan yang telah dipilih berdasarkan metode purposive sampling kepada 3 (Tiga) pegawai Divisi Pengelolaan Uang Rupiah Kantor Perwakilan Bank Indonesia Provinsi X dengan jabatan yang berbeda-beda, yaitu asisten administrasi perkasan, pelaksana senior administrasi perkasan, dan asisten penyelia perkasan. Selanjutnya data dianalisis sesuai dengan menelaah seluruh sumber data yang ada hingga kemudian dihasilkan sintesisasi dan menyusun hipotesis kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi perubahan telah mempertimbangkan kebijakan dalam setiap kategori pada Star Model.
Роль кальция в системе питания лука репчатого (обзор)
Authors: Федосов Александр Юрьевич , Васючков Игорь Юрьевич , Иванова Мария Ивановна , Меньших Александр Михайлович
Published: October 2024

Лук репчатый является вторым по распространенности овощем, производимым и потребляемым во всем мире благодаря своим питательным, лечебным свойствам и экономической выгоде производителя. В обзоре суммируются текущие знания о роли кальция в системе питания лука репчатого с акцентом на структурные аспекты, питание и иммунитет. Описываются источники кальция, российский и мировой опыт применения кальциевых удобрений в посевах лука репчатого. Подчеркивается важность питания кальция в физиологических процессах лука репчатого, на которые влияет кислотность почвы, и актуальность этой связи для будущих исследований, планирования и развития. Разные типы почв содержат разное количество валового и обменного кальция и в различной степени используются растениями. Кальциевые удобрения играют решающую роль в восполнении дефицита кальция, улучшения структуры почвы и снижения ее кислотности в системах земледелия. В сильнокислых почвах основные питательные вещества становятся менее доступными, что устанавливает корреляцию между pH почвы и питанием растений. Различные кальциевые и кальциево-магниевые удобрения и мелиоранты, такие как известняковая мука (CaCO3), доломитовая мука (CaCO3 + MgCO3), гашёная известь [пушонка, Ca(OH)2], гипс, способны изменять рН почвенной среды и подвижность (доступность) других питательных веществ. Рассмотрена эффективность применения и других видов кальциевых удобрений и мелиорантов: цианамида кальция, известково-аммиачной селитры, тиосульфата кальция, кальциевой селитры, кальция хлористого.
Secondary Spaces of Entrance, Corridor, and Balcony in Tehran Housing - A Comparative Analysis with Nagoya Residences
Authors: Makino Kengo , Natsume Yoshinori
Published: October 2024

Due to increasing costs and shrinkage of Tehran housing, interior layout plays a more critical role. In addition to the main spaces, such as the bathroom, kitchen, and bedroom, which are present and vital in each residential unit, we identified entrance, corridor, and balcony in our Tehran samples as secondary spaces. We aimed to investigate these spaces' role in Tehran's current housing; we analyzed their existence, size, and relationship with the unit's total area by considering the background and history of these spaces. Japan's experience in small housing convinced us to utilize under 100 m2 of Nagoya samples for comparison. Results revealed sufficient area for these three spaces in all Nagoya samples. In contrast, these spaces in a large percentage of Tehran samples did not exist or lacked efficiency contrary to related rules and regulations. There was a weak correlation between unit size and the lack of entrance and balcony, but corridor was usually removed in smaller units. We suggest separate entrance and corridor as essential spaces and not optional, regardless of unit size. Also, transparent, and visible balconies, especially in dense urban areas, are incompatible with the Iranian lifestyle and should be adjusted to cultural beliefs and norms.
Membaca Pemikiran Orang Jawa Tentang Kesempurnaan Hidup Melalui Teks Piwulang
Authors: Pristia Nugroho Akbar , Edy Nugroho Yusro
Published: October 2024

The Serat Piwulang Kasampurnaning Ngagesang manuscript is one of the Javanese manuscripts that contains the teachings of life. This manuscript is important to study because it contains teachings to achieve perfection in life according to Javanese thinking. The problem in this study is that the Javanese people's thoughts about the perfection of life contained in this manuscript have not been revealed. The purpose of the research is to explore the thoughts of the Javanese people from the source of the text of Serat Piwulang Kasampurnaning Ngagesang which then the results of the description can be known to the general public and can be used as a guideline for the younger generation. This study uses an objective approach, with heuristic and hermeneutic reading models. Heuristic reading is carried out by reading the entire text sourced from the NB 807 manuscript of the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia. Hermeneutic reading is carried out by paying attention to textual, historical and philosophical meanings. The results of the study show that there is a view of the importance of names for human life and the seven things that are desired in life. Javanese people view the name as something important because it is an honor for everyone. Perfection of life for Javanese people is the fulfillment of seven desired things consisting of health and safety, food, shelter, clothing, honor or power, security and peace of mind, sincerity and sustainability. And the key to getting these seven things is to be grateful, patient, praying, and trying. All of it comes from the heart of each one. The heart can have taste, but the taste does not have the heart.
Hongos micorrícicos arbusculares y endófitos septados oscuros en raíces de helechos nativos de uso medicinal de las Sierras Centrales de San Luis, centro-oeste de Argentina
Authors: Torres María Luz , Crespo Esteban M. , Carosio M. Cecilia , Lugo Mónica
Published: October 2024

Background and aims: The plant´s roots and fungi establish symbiotic endophytic associations that can coexist: arbuscular mycorrhizae and “dark septate” endophytes. Ferns and lycophytes are vascular plants that can form both fungal symbioses. The objective of this work is to detect the presence of fungal root endosymbiosis, know the mycorrhizal status, and analyze the type of colonizationin in native and ornamental ferns from the “Sierras Centrales de San Luis”.
M&M: In three sites in the “Sierras Centrales de San Luis”, 9-10 individuals of each studied species were collected, their roots were processed to study these fungal. Characterization and quantification of their root colonization was evaluated.
Results: In the three sites studied, Anemia tomentosa var. anthriscifolia formed mycorrhizal associations, the colonization presented abundant hyphal and arbusculated intracellular coils. In addition, glomoid spores of mycorrhizal fungi were found in their rhizospheres. Dark septate endophytes were absent in all species analyzed, none hyphae neither microsclerotia were recorded in roots of these native medicinal ferns.
Conclusions: The mycorrhizal status of Anemia tomentosa var. anthriscifolia, one of the five medicinal fern species from the Sierras Centrales de San Luis studied, is presented. The arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization is described and quantified, and its type is determined as Paris. None of the fern species studied was associated with dark septate endophytes.
Estudio palinológico de las Licofitas (Lycopodiopsida) de las Sierras Pampeanas centrales de Argentina
Authors: Macluf C. Cecilia , Arana Marcelo D. , Giudice Gabriela E. , Luna M. Lujan
Published: October 2024

Background and aims: The Sierras Pampeanas Centrales of Argentina constitute the fourth centre of diversity of lycophytes and ferns in the Cono Sur, where representatives of four families of lycophytes live: Huperziaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Isoetaceae and Selaginellaceae. The aim of this work is to provide data of the morphology of their spores observed with optical and scanning electron microscopes, as a contribution to the taxonomy and conservation.
M&M: The materials were analysed without prior chemical treatment and photographic records were obtained with both observation equipments.
Results: The morphological diagnostic features of the spores are presented. The Huperziaceae and Lycopodiaceae are isosporous with trilete spores. Huperziaceae presents foveolated or fossulated spores, while Lycopodiaceae spores are reticulate, scabrate and baculate. In Isoetes hieronymi (heterosporate), the microspores are monolete with echinate ornamentation, while the megaspores are trilete, with reticulate ornamentation. The Selaginellaceae, all heterosporate, produce trilete microspores and megaspores, both with varied ornamentation.
Conclusions: Spore characteristics provide relevant information for regional floristic studies as well as for taxonomic assignments, both of extant flora and fossil records. Also, for studies of the composition of soil spore banks as a tool for the conservation of local floristic biodiversity.
Perceived Level of Family Relationships and Predictors of Students’ Motivation from a Higher Education Institution
Authors: De Dios Erin E. Riego , Guevara Maria Isabel
Published: October 2024

Family relationships and student motivation are two crucial factors that can significantly impact student academic performance. Studies have shown that students from supportive family environments tend to have higher motivation levels and better academic performance compared to those from less supportive homes. The objective of this study is to determine the perceived level of family relationships and student motivation for a higher education institution in Olongapo City, Philippines. At the same time, the study also intends to discover the underlying predictors of student motivation. The proponents then used a descriptive correlational research design to attain the objectives. Four hundred (400) students participated voluntarily in the online survey using purposive sampling. The online poll adopted two (2) validated research instruments to analyze the perceived level of family relationships and student motivation. The garnered data underwent statistical analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results reveal that the students had a high level of cohesion and a moderate degree of expressiveness and conflict in their family. There was also a high student motivation level. The study also observed significant differences in the perceived level of family relationships and students’ motivation when grouped according to their demographic characteristics. There was a weak positive association between family relationships and students’ motivation. Cohesion, expressiveness, and conflict were predictors that influenced students’ motivation to confirm relationships. This study contributes in the aspect exploring family relationship variables and how they influence a student’s learning motivation.
Modeling the Relationship Between Employee Conflict, Work Stress, and Turnover Intention in the Food-Service Industry
Authors: Campos Josephine Diana S. , Campos Jofrey Ramos
Published: October 2024

The fast-paced and demanding food service industry faces challenges like employee conflict, workplace stress, and high turnover intentions, which impact both employee well-being and business performance. This study examines the causal relationships among employee conflict, work stress, and turnover intention using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). A sample of 237 food service restaurant workers from Pampanga, Philippines, was selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected using a survey instrument with rating scales. The study evaluated the model’s fit, internal reliability, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis. Path analysis revealed a moderate fit of the model to the data, indicating acceptable reliability and validity. Findings showed a direct positive effect of employee conflict on turnover intention, with work stress having an indirect influence. Recommendations include the following:  implementing conflict resolution and stress management programs, improving communication, offering flexible work hours, task management, employee assistance programs, rewards, and career advancement opportunities. Due to geographical limitations, future studies should also employ qualitative or mixed methods and longitudinal designs to examine these effects over time.
Lived Experiences of School Heads During Post-Pandemic: Building Resilience and Navigating Schools to Recovery Amidst Disruptive Times
Authors: Alonzo Jermaine D. , Yazon Alberto D. , Manaig Karen A. , Buenvinida Lerma P. , Bandoy Marcial M.
Published: October 2024

Crisis management practices among school leaders are critical for effective emergency response and resilience. Crisis management studies are essential because unanticipated crises, such as health concerns and calamities, disrupt the learning process. This phenomenological research explores the lived experiences of school heads during the post-pandemic period when they built resilience and navigated their schools back to recovery. Adapting to changing circumstances, finding effective ways to bridge learning gaps and promoting staff and learner well-being are the major challenges facing school heads after pandemic. Real-life situations are further explored through this research to aid in crisis management. This study is crucial because it aids organizations in their effective planning, rapid response, and recovery from unexpected crises. Eight school heads from the Philippines were selected as participants. The researcher utilized a validated questionnaire to gather data on various school management strategies before and after the pandemic. The post-pandemic posed challenges, needs, and opportunities due to protocols, settings, and requirements while incorporating resilience strategies and implementing proactive school recovery approaches. The ANCHOR model was developed as a crisis management framework based on the findings and observations. This process consists of five stages: acclimatization, necessity appraisal, counter-response and handling, opportune resilience strategies application, and recovery and restructuring. It can be applied by organizations to manage crises and recover, emphasizing crisis management skills to improve organizational performance. The model can aid school heads in making informed decisions and navigate institutions to recovery. Finally, this research encapsulates that crisis management skills are essential to organizational performance, particularly in academic institutions.
Optimizing Administrative Professionalism: A Strategic Approach to Elevate Clientele Satisfaction in Service-Oriented Environments
Authors: Montano Mary Rose , Dasal Aveto M. , Artificio Jr., Renante A. , Opeña Anna Rhea C. , Mosca Meljhon G.
Published: October 2024

Professionalism is crucial in shaping client experience in organizations, yet many organizations lack strategies to enhance staff conduct, leading to inconsistent service, communication gaps, and inadequate training.  Essential qualities such as competence, courtesy, honesty, integrity, and specialized knowledge significantly impact client interactions, complaint resolution, and organizational image. This study, conducted at the City College of Calamba, Philippines, surveyed 1,126 students to assess their perceptions of professionalism among administrative personnel providing student services and evaluate customer satisfaction.   Using a descriptive correlational approach with stratified random sampling and simple statistical treatment such as mean and Goodman and Kruskal's Gamma Correlation, the study established a correlation between staff professionalism and satisfaction, proposing a development program based on its findings. The survey found high levels of professionalism and customer satisfaction, recognized staff strengths in professional communication and accountability, and indicated areas for growth in problem-solving. The significant relationships between job performance, service delivery, ethics, and satisfaction highlight professionalism’s impact on consumer perspectives. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the correlation between professionalism and satisfaction within an educational setting, offering insights for targeted development programs. Limitations include a small sample size, which may affect generalizability, reliance on self-reported data, cross-sectional design, and a focus on one institution, which may overlook broader contextual nuances.
The development of the administrative-territorial structure of Kabardino-Balkaria in the 1920s: problems, tasks, trends
Authors:   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kasbolat F. Dzamikhov , Artur G. Kazharov ,   The Institute for the Humanities Research – Affiliated Kabardian-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The article studies the problems of internal administrative and territorial reorganization of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast (Region) in the 1920s. During this period, there was an active process of searching for effective forms of power organization, the formation of a system of Soviet autonomies and the establishment of a new Russian state in the region. In such circum-stances, the Soviet government identified one of the fundamental factors of state national policy as taking into account the interests of non-titular peoples living closely in national autonomies – national minorities. In Kabardino-Balkaria, those minorities included Cossacks, mountain Jews, Germans, Kumyks, etc. The governance of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast (Region) has actively joined in solving the issues of their self-determination. At the same time, certain forms of self-determination of national minorities provided for direct subordination to regional authorities. The administrative and territorial transformations carried out in the 1920s affected the foundations of the national autonomy of the Kabardian and Balkarian peoples, which was reflected in the institutional transformation and involvement in its structure of the majority of peoples liv-ing on the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria. The issues of self-determination of national minorities were considered in July 1925 at the plenum of the Central Executive Committee of the Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Oblast (Re-gion), the transcript and protocol of the decision of which are published as an appendix to this ar-ticle. They are of great scientific importance for understanding the main problems, tasks and trends in the development of the administrative and territorial development of Kabardino-Balkaria in the reviewed period.
Some features of documenting the financial activities of government and self-government institu-tions of the Nalchik district in the early XX centuries
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakub T. Olmezov
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on studying some features of documenting the financial activities of govern-ment and self-government institutions of the Nalchik district in the early twentieth century. The paper considers the records of government and local government institutions that were entrusted with financial functions (district and district boards, Treasuries, including Nalchik, Stavropol Treasury Chamber, Congress of Trusted Rural Societies of Greater and Lesser Kabarda and Five Mountain Societies, Kabardian public Sum and its treasurer, rural boards, rural public funds). The informative impact of such clerical documents as prescriptions, resolutions, reports, relations, re-ceipts from residents of villages, bills from various institutions to the treasurer of the Kabardian public sum and the head of the Nalchik district, statements, receipts, certificates, etc. is deter-mined for the study of various areas of the economic history of the Kabardian and Balkarian popu-lation of the district. The exchange of information between the subjects of financial relations oc-curred through telegrams and notices, and their description is given. It is concluded that the rec-ords of the institutions of government and self-government of the Nalchik district in financial ac-tivity contain information about how, in what form and on what issues they interacted with each other and with other non-financial institutions, what the hierarchy of financial institutions of the Nalchik District looked like during the period under study; and also reflected information on the composition of employees of financial institutions, authorities and self-government and their em-ployees, including representatives of the Kabardian and Balkarian population.
Rhyme and stanza of the Abaza verse of the late 1940s – 50s.
Authors:   Karachay-Cherkess Institute of Humanitarian Studies named after H.H. Khapsirokov, Petr K. Chekalov
Published: October 2024

The article examines the emergence of rhyme and stanza in postwar Abaza poetry. The transition from rhymeless verse to poems with infrequent interspersed homogenous (mostly verbal) rhymes is described, followed by the appearance of the first completely rhymed poems. The progression of rhyming kinds from paired to cross and ring, terminal to internal, butt, compound, and their numerous combinations is investigated. Specific instances highlight the difficulty in mastering the rhyming approach. The analysis of stanzas begins with a quantitative ratio of astrophysical and strophic compositions, followed by the discovery of eight major types of stanzas, each with its own set of variations: couplets, three-line verses (2 variants), quatrains (7 variants), pentameters (4 variants), six-lines (8 variants), eight-lines, ten-lines, and twelve-lines. All findings are based on the examination of works from the literary age.
Review of the monograph by Przemyslaw Adamczewski, Jakub Wojtkowiak, George Mamulia. «Memories of Izmael-bek (Jozef) Petrucin-Petrushevsky as a source on the history of the February revolution and the war in the Caucasus. 1917-1919". – Warsaw: Institute of political studies of the polish academy of sciences, 2022. – 332 p.» (in Russian, translated from Polish)
Authors:   N.N. Miklukho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuri D. Anchabadze
Published: October 2024

The review examines the publication of “Memoirs” by Jozef Petrucina-Petrushevsky, who was in the Caucasus in 1917-1920 and became a participant and witness of many historical events in the region. The review acknowledges the good archeographic preparation of the publication and con-siders the text itself as an addition to the rich heritage of Polish narratives about the Caucasus. The extraordinary personality of the author gives the originality of the “Memories”. The Russian officer and Polish patriot became a devoted soldier of the Caucasus, sharing the fate of its peoples during the hard years of historical trials of the period of revolutions and civil war. The review draws attention to the key aspects of “Memoirs” related to the history of the Mountain Republic, the author’s military activities, and his meetings with Caucasian leaders at that time. The conclu-sion is substantiated that “Memoirs” are a valuable source of the history of the Caucasus at the beginning of the last century.
Uncertainty-dependent learning bias in value-based decision making
Authors: Ban Kitti , Tóth-Fáber Eszter , Kóbor Andrea , Lages Martin
Published: October 2024

Do we preferentially learn from positive rather than negative decision outcomes? Previous studies indicated that such bias characterises learning during simple reward learning tasks. However, no research has yet confirmed whether learning bias is also present during sequential decision making under uncertainty. To fill this gap, we utilised a complex yet ecologically valid paradigm, the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which measures risk-taking propensity under uncertainty in everyday decision making. Comparing learning from positive and negative outcomes in the BART has been made possible by the Scaled Target Learning model, which characterises both risk-taking propensity and sensitivity to wins and losses. For the first time, we applied this model to a modified BART paradigm with different levels of perceived uncertainty. Crucially, our analyses revealed learning bias during high levels of uncertainty, under which condition bias was negatively tied to task performance. Furthermore, increased sensitivity to wins compared to losses was linked to more risk-seeking behaviour across all conditions, suggesting that learning bias could mediate risky behaviour. Overall, our results contribute to a more accurate characterisation of reward learning behaviour and suggest that learning bias arises when the level of perceived uncertainty surges.
Personalized neural state segmentation: validating the GSBS algorithm for individual-level fMRI data
Authors: Wilford Robyn E. , Chen Huiqin , Wharton-Shukster Erika , Finn Amy , Duncan Katherine
Published: October 2024

Humans segment experience into a nested series of discrete events, separated by neural state transitions that can be identified in fMRI data collected during passive movie viewing. Current neural state segmentation techniques manage the noisiness of fMRI data by modelling groups of participants at once. However, the perception of event boundaries is itself idiosyncratic. As such, we developed a novel denoising pipeline to separate meaningful signal from noise and validated the Greedy State Boundary Search (GSBS) algorithm for use in individual participants. We applied the GSBS to publicly available (1) young adult (YA) and (2) developmental fMRI datasets. After extensive denoising, we confirmed that personalized YA neural state transitions exhibited a canonical temporal cortical hierarchy and were related to normative behavioural boundaries across time in key regions such as the posterior parietal cortex. Further, we used machine learning to show that the strongest neural transitions could be used to predict the timing of normative boundary judgements. Results from the developmental dataset also demonstrated important boundary conditions for estimating personalized neural state transitions. Nonetheless, some brain-behaviour relations were still apparent in individually modelled developmental data. These validations pave the way for applying personalized fMRI modelling to the study of event segmentation; what meaningful insights could we be missing when we average away what makes each of us unique?
Evaluating Robustness and Diversity in Visual Question Answering Using Multimodal Large Language Models
Authors: Ga Xixi , Liu Wenjie , Zhu Tongyu , Kou Shan , Liu Meishen , Hu Yue
Published: October 2024

The increasing complexity of tasks requiring both visual and textual understanding has driven the development of advanced models capable of handling multimodal data. A novel evaluation of robustness and diversity in Visual Question Answering (VQA) was introduced through the application of multimodal models, specifically LLaMA, across a range of diverse datasets and challenging conditions. LLaMA demonstrated strong performance not only in standard benchmarks but also in handling adversarial attacks, out-of-distribution inputs, and noisy environments, showcasing its adaptability in unpredictable scenarios. The study highlighted the role of modular visual encoders and cross-modal attention mechanisms in maintaining model coherence and accuracy under varying degrees of input perturbation. Through rigorous comparative testing, the research underscored the importance of sophisticated model architectures for improving generalization capacity and robustness in VQA tasks. Key findings emphasized the strengths of LLaMA in maintaining performance under challenging conditions while also identifying areas for potential improvements in generalization across unfamiliar domains.
Applications of Gene Therapy Strategies for Podoycte Function and CKD
Authors: Khavari Sepehr
Published: October 2024

Podocyte injury is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease, which has become increasingly abundant on a global scale. Pathological insults - including genetic mutations and oxidative stress - can disrupt the integrity of podocytes, specialized epithelial cells that are components in the glomerular filtration barrier. Potential therapeutic strategies to target podocyte dysfunction involve the application of gene therapies as well as a greater understanding of the mechanisms of podocyte injury. Showing promise in recent clinical studies, gene therapies rely on AAV vectors to deliver the treatment to the correct target with high efficacy. In addition, with the rise of FDA approvals for gene therapy treatment in humans, therapies such as PS-001 offer promising results for treating genetic kidney disorders. Beyond the therapy itself, new advances in delivery platforms can aid in minimizing systemic toxicity. However, the limited regenerative capabilities of podocytes and inadvertent side effects must still be addressed in both the creation and delivery of new treatments.
Evolutionary Significance of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Red Blood Cells and Implications in Carcinogenesis
Authors: Khavari Sepehr
Published: October 2024

Mechanisms that control the epigenome of organisms, such as DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, consequently modulate the expression of certain genes. Evolutionary development in red blood cells stems from these modifications in the epigenetics of the cell that are integral in the functional adaptation and specialization of the cells. The incorporation of histone modifications and noncoding RNAs, in addition to the utilization of DNA methylation and acetylation, allocates adaptation in gene expression in response to environmental conditions without changes to genetic code. Particularly in hematologic malignancies, oncogenesis results from the dysregulation of epigenetic alterations. Therefore, potential new therapeutic targets, including DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and BET inhibitors, offer potential strategies to treat hematological malignancies with greater efficacy.
The Socioeconomic Impacts of Sea Level Rise and Phragmites australis in the New Jersey Meadowlands
Authors: Peng Kayla
Published: October 2024

Sea level rise is one of the most alarming impacts of climate change and is projected to have devastating economic consequences for coastal communities such as increased flood damage, lost economic productivity, and decreased property values. To measure this impact in the New Jersey Meadowlands, an urban estuary ecosystem, I used a digital elevation model (DEM) to create inundation maps modeling 1, 2, and 3 ft of SLR. The DEM was combined with real estate and land use maps to assess the value of properties impacted by SLR and to identify the impacted economic sectors. Our nearest neighbor analysis revealed a negative correlation between the distance of properties of the nearest waterbody and their sale prices. Our modeling efforts indicate that the Meadowlands area will be greatly impacted by inundation from SLR with projected at-risk real-estate ranging between $1.7 – 4.3 billion between the years 2050 and 2130. Additionally, as sea levels rise, the proportion of commercial, industrial, and residential areas affected increases relative to the proportion of forests, wetlands, and open areas affected. These insights point to the severity of potential SLR impacts on the New Jersey coastal economy. It is crucial that decision-makers in the Meadowlands and beyond integrate climate change impacts, particularly SLR, into development and infrastructure planning to avoid these severe economic consequences.
The Impacts of Climate Activism
Authors: Thomas-Walters Laura , Scheuch Eric , Ong Abby , Goldberg Matthew H.
Published: October 2024

We review 53 studies on the impacts of climate activism. We present the existing evidence in a map of what we know about climate activism and its impacts. We have strong evidence that climate activism shifts public opinion and media coverage in a pro-climate direction, but this varies by context and the tactics employed. We have more moderate evidence that activism can pressure policymakers to communicate more about climate change, encourage voters to vote in a more pro-climate direction, and financially pressure carbon intensive companies. We review suggestive evidence that protest can influence emissions and environmental policy. Although these studies cover a wide swath of outcome variables, a majority examine intermediate variables, rather than long term impacts. Generalizability is challenged by a bias towards the U.S. and Western Europe. We call for greater focus outside those geographic areas and more attention to activism's impact on public policy and emissions.
Impact of Workforce Diversity on Organizational Effectiveness: Evidence from Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Subedi Dhurba Prasad , Bhandari Dilli Ram
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between workforce diversity and overall effectiveness of Nepalese commercial banks, focusing on how diverse employee backgrounds contribute to organizational performance and operational success.Method: The descriptive and casual comparative research designs were used. The data were collected from 210 managerial level employeesof Nepalese commercial banks through structured questionnaires. The study applied purposive sampling technique to collect the data. Both descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used for data analysis. Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS 4.Results: The study reveals that ethnic diversity does not significantly influence organizational effectiveness. Conversely, gender and age diversity are significant predictors of organizational effectiveness. These results underscore the relevance of gender and age diversity in enhancing organizational performance in the Nepalese commercial banks.Conclusion: The research highlights the importance of fostering gender-balanced and age-diverse workforces for improving organizational effectiveness. By focusing on gender and age diversity, banks can better harness diverse perspectives and experiences, leading to improved outcomes. These findings suggest that workforce diversity is a major organizational strategy to enhance organizational effectiveness by fostering innovation, improving decision-making, increasing employee satisfaction, and enhancing customer services.
Capital Structure and Profitability of Non-Life Insurance Company in Nepal
Authors: Thapa Bhim Kumar
Published: October 2024

Purpose: The study aims to find out the non-life insurance firms in Nepal that create profit using capital. The research closely examines several important factors like business size (Size), liquidity ratio (LQ), total debt to total assets (TDR) and equity to total assets (ETA).Methods: Secondary data were gathered from annual reports and financial statements of twelve non-life insurance firms in Nepal which provided basis for this descriptive and explanatory research design with quantitative research approach. This study used multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation to find important impact and associations by SPSS data analysis.Results: Debt ratios and ROA and ROE have a negative association that implies too much leverage reduces profitability. Although lowering risk depends mostly on liquidity, it also lowers assets returns. This is seen by the liquidity ratio and it greatly reduces ROA but has little effect on ROE. The equity ratio reveals how difficult it is to deploy equity correctly with a strong negative connection with ROA and a great negative link with ROE. Further illustrating the advantages of economies of scale, organizational size positively links with returns on Assets (ROA). All academics, legislators and practitioners agree that the expansion and competitiveness of the insurance sector depend on a sound capital structure.Conclusion: According to the study, non-life insurance firms need to improve profitability by means of strategic capital structure management. Managers need to monitor whether the company has adequate liquidity and a good debt equity ratio or not if the company wants to improve overall financial success.
Digital Wallet Adoption Through Service Quality in Rupandehi District of Nepal
Authors: Karki Prasanna Jung , Upadhyaya Tara Prasad
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This research aims to investigate the dynamics of digital wallet usage in Rupandehi District considering service quality and accommodate the elements that influence digital wallet adoption. Methods: Data were obtained via a self-administered questionnaire using a convenience sampling method. Three hundred ninety seven bank customers, who use mobile banking services, were selected as sample. Smart PLS 4 was used to evaluate the model. The questionnaire addressed two components of the technological acceptance model namely perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Service quality model was used considering perceived risk and financial risk.Results: Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and service quality have positive and direct effects on the adoption of digital wallets. The study reveals the consequences for businesses and customers in Nepal’s changing digital environment through service quality and digital wallet usage.Conclusion: Investments and internet connectivity and mobile networks are keys to expanding digital wallet access. It is important to understand technology acceptance, service quality, and financial risk in digital wallet adoption.
Government Expenditure and Economic Growth of Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Santosh , Nepal Sunil
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between various categories of government expenditure and economic growth in Nepal. The purpose is to understand how these defense, health, agriculture and education expenditures influence economic performance and offer insights for more effective resource allocation.Methods: This research used a combination of descriptive and causal research designs, using secondary data sourced from published reports. Data from 1976 to 2022 AD were selected for its comprehensive data availability and analyzed.Results: The findings reveal that defense expenditure has a negative and significant association with economic growth, suggesting that high levels of defense spending are detrimental to economic development. Conversely, health and education expenditures show positive and significant relationships with economic growth, highlighting the importance of investing in human capital for fostering sustainable development. Agriculture expenditure, although positively related to economic growth, is statistically insignificant, indicating the need for policy refinements to enhance its impact. Conclusion: The study underscores the necessity for strategic reallocation of government resources. Reducing defense expenditures and increasing investments in health, education and agriculture are essential for promoting robust and sustainable economic growth.
Impact of Computer Application in Teaching and Learning at Higher Education in Nepal
Authors: Manihar Abdul Hak
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes the role of computer as a technology in accelerating the efficiency and effectiveness of teaching and learning activities accomplished in the undergraduate and postgraduate educations. The article has employed the secondary data to assess the impact of the computer application in the Nepalese education system. The research done by exploring the pervasiveness of the technologies especially the computer—the latest advancement in science and information-will examine the other relevant elements as used in the higher education. With ICT, things may be created, processed, stored, shown, and shared. Numerous technologies exist, including computers, televisions, and mobile phones, data via electronic media etc., but videoconferencing, blogs, and email are seen as technology-related tools and services.
Aristotle's Theory and Nepali Politics
Authors: Khanal Bishnu Prasad
Published: October 2024

This paper encompasses the concept of aristocracy and its significance in current Nepalese politics. How the popular Nepalese politicians and their respective political parties have failed to execute the principles of political science that teaches the process of governance in a polity. This article is based on the secondary data collected from both print and electronic versions. The research has been grounded on critical and analytical approach to look into the political figures who control and affect Nepalese politics. Most of the items of information in this paper have been anecdotal and they hold significance in the contemporary Nepalese politics.
Weyl Algebra
Authors: Belbase Himal
Published: October 2024

Not Available.