bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: CEVHER AKDULUM Munire Funda , DEMİRDAĞ Erhan , ARIK ALPÇETİN Seçil İrem , ERDEM Mehmet , ERDEM Ahmet
Published: October 2022

The most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM can occur in anywhere between 1.7 and 11.6 percent of people. In hypothyroidism, the rates of glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis are reduced, and the peripheral tissues' consumption of glucose is also delayed. Patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism develop insulin resistance because insulin is unable to adequately maintain the muscles' use of glucose. According to the literature, hypothyroidism is linked to 6–15 percent of GDM pregnancies. Additionally, the chance of having GDM is 4.3 times higher in pregnant women who have hypothyroidism. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between first-trimester thyroid function tests and GDM. This retrospective cohort study was conducted between May 2021 and May 2022. 100 pregnant patients diagnosed with GDM and 500 healthy controls were included in the study. Using a 75 g glucose challenge test, GDM was identified. The trimester-specific recognized normal limits were used to evaluate the TSH and fT4 readings. There was a statistically significant difference in terms of SCH between patients with and without GDM (p=0.04). TSH's performance in predicting GDM was evaluated using AUC and ROC (AUC=0.586 and p=0.006). To forecast GDM, the TSH level cut-off value was discovered to be 1.58. The AUC was found to be 0.586 (0.521-0.652). Furthermore, the selectivity is 58% and the sensitivity is 41%. There are many studies in the literature investigating thyroid functions and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Our study also found a correlation between the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester and GDM. The study adds to the literature the importance of being cautious and vigilant in terms of the development of gestational diabetes mellitus based on the results of the thyroid function test in the first trimester.
Sonography in surveillance for HCC in NAFLD patients
Authors: Radu Pompilia , Dufour Jean Francois
Published: October 2022

Over the last decade, we have been facing a new aetiology responsible for the development of HCC - the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of HCC development in this group is higher than that observed in the general population and in non-cirrhotic subjects with other causes of liver disease. Conventional ultrasound (US) is the first-line tool for HCC surveillance, but, in this population, it has a decreased diagnostic accuracy due to several particular features, including obesity and steatosis. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) appeared as a new branch of US due to its ability to depict the vascular architecture of all types of focal lesions (FLs). Nevertheless, CEUS has several limitations besides those inherited from US, which renders this method unreliable as the first-line HCC diagnostic tool and for HCC staging. Artificial intelligence eliminates operator limitations, which has led to an increased sensitivity and specificity of US. However, this approach is still in its early stages and more data are needed. Consequently, the purpose of the current study is to highlight the strengths and limits of US, along with its alternatives to HCC screening in NAFLD population.
A MARCA SR. BACANA NA PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: memória afetiva no Instagram
Authors: Gonzales Lucilene dos Santos , Molini Tatiani Cristina
Published: October 2022

A micro marca Sr. Bacana de Bauru se reinventou na pandemia, período em que foi lançada na mídia social Instagram. Para se diferenciar no mercado de commodities, apostou na memória afetiva do avô acolhedor e bem humorado, que vende caldo de cana e água de coco há 30 anos na cidade. A metodologia iniciou-se com a fundamentação bibliográfica sobre marca, publicidade e mídia social Instagram para uma descrição analítica da história e comunicação da marca no seu primeiro ano de existência, chegando a quase 30.000 seguidores. Identificamos três fases nesse percurso do Sr. Bacana: 1) lançamento da marca; 2) conexão com a marca; 3) a marca como influenciadora digital.
IMAGES OF PALMAS: cultural consumption in profile @descubraotocantins
Authors: Ramos Luciélia de Aquino , Mara Miranda Cynthia
Published: October 2022

This article seeks to analyze the cultural consumption of the image of Palmas, capital of the state of Tocantins, from the institutional dissemination of images of the city published in the Instagram profile @descubraotocantins managed by the Agency for the Development of Tourism, Culture and Creative Economy of the State of Tocantins. The research was carried out based on the collection of images of the capital posted on the profile. Critical and content analysis of the images was carried out in order to propose reflections on the cultural consumption of images. The analysis pointed to a limited and often repeated selection with alternating angles, randomly selected from third parties. It can be said that the absence of image production inherent to the profile limits the diversity that the city offers and that could present tourism potential.
Acidity, pH and Viscosity of Red Dragon Fruit Yoghurt with The Addition of Some Levels of Sucrose
Authors: Rohman Zainur , Hindratiningrum Novita , Zulaikhah Siti Rahmawati
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the level of addition of sucrose on the characteristics (acidity, pH, and viscosity) of red dragon fruit yoghurt. This research was carried out using an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) using 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment in this study was the addition of various levels of sucrose (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % (w/v)). The variables observed were the level of acidity, pH, and viscosity of red dragon fruit yoghurt. The results showed that the addition of various levels of sucrose affects the acidity of the yoghurt which tends to decrease, the pH of the yoghurt tends to increase and the viscosity of the yoghurt was decreasing.
Profitability Ratio Analysis of the Leather Tanning Industry With Loan Capital Structure Interest System
Authors: Kurniawan Aceng
Published: October 2022

The leather tannery industry in Sukanggang Garut declined in number due to bankruptcy, which was caused by declining business profitability. The profitability of tanned leather craftsmen was initially 6.5 million rupiah to 2.3 million rupiah per ton of raw materials. The decline in the level of profitability was due to changes in the capital structure, with many using loan capital with an interest system compared to own capital. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of interest system loans on the profitability of the leather industry. This study uses the method of profitability ratio analysis. From the research results, the ratio of GPM, NPM and ROI decreased along with the increase in the number of loans with an interest system. GPM continued to decline from 39.02 percent to 35.37 percent. NPM continued to decline from 15.26 percent to 8.26 percent. ROI decreased from 18.00 percent to 8.05 percent. ROE actually increases with the increase in the number of loans in its capital structure.
PELANGGARAN PRINSIP KERJA SAMA SERTA IMPLIKATUR DIALOG TOKOH ARYA DAN INGGIT DALAM WEB SERIES MY LECTURER MY HUSBAND EPISODE 1, 4, DAN 8
Authors: Aminuddin Imam Fatoni , JUNAWAROH SITI , NURDIYANTO ERWITA
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu mendeskripsikan data kebahasaan mengenai pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama beserta implikatur pada tuturan tokoh utama dalam web series berjudul My Lectuter My Husband episode 1, 4, dan 8.Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak. Teknik dasar yang digunakan yaitu teknik sadap. Kemudian, teknik lanjutan yang digunakan yaitu teknik simak bebas libat cakap dan teknik catat. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu metode padan dengan jenis yang digunakan adalah metode padan referensial. Data yang telah dianalisis, selanjutnya disajikan secara informal.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan 102 dialog yang melanggar prinsip kerja sama dengan rincian 20 dialog pada episode 1; 37 dialog pada episode 4; dan 45 dialog pada episode 8 dengan 56 pelanggaran maksim kuantitas; 31 pelanggaran maksim kualitas; 11 maksim relevansi; dan 41 maksim pelaksanaan. Pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama yang ditemukan yaitu sebagai bentuk penegasan tentang suatu hal dan pengungkapan perasaan.
Authors: Novianti Zahra Dwi , Ediati Rifah , Listanti Riana
Published: October 2022

Ready-to-eat packaged food is now widely recognized by people from various economic circles. Ranging from heavy to light food can be found in the form of ready-to-eat packages. Ready-to-eat food products in packaging cannot be separated from the quality of the products produced. In this case as a guarantee to consumers who will consume. The quality of packaged ready-to-eat food products cannot be separated from the influence of the materials and packaging used. This study aims to 1) determine the effect of sugar syrup concentration on the quality of packaged young coconuts during storage, 2) determine the effect of the type of packaging on packaged young coconuts during storage, and 3) determine the interaction effect of sugar syrup and the type of packaging on packaged young coconuts during storage.

Preparation of ready-to-eat young coconut in packaged sugar syrup using granulated sugar and water as sugar syrup with 3 levels of sugar syrup concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20%, as well as 2 levels of packaging types, namely polypropylene (PP) and Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol packaging. (EVOH).

The characteristics of the test in the sixth week of ready-to-eat young coconut in sugar syrup and packaging showed that the results of the treatment did not affect the quality of texture and free fatty acids (FFA), while the quality of color (degrees of whiteness), pH, and brix showed the results of the influence of given treatment.
The Study of Protein Hydrolysis and Peptide Antioxidants Activity of Chicken Slaughterhouse Waste and Its Potential for Feed Additives
Authors: Hartoyo Bambang , Widyastuti Titin , Rahayu Sri , Santoso Raden Singgih Sugeng
Published: October 2022

Ensuring food safety in livestock requires specific feeding technology in agriculture by using feed additives in the form of antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, acidifiers, hormones and enzymes. Bioactive peptides improve the health status of humans and animals. Protein hydrolysis produce peptides that are safe, quickly metabolizable, less risky for livestock products to have contaminant residue. Bioactive peptides are still bound to the original protein, so they need to be released through an enzymatic process. This research explored the potential of chicken slaughterhouse waste to produce biopeptides by hydrolyzing proteins using various proteolytic enzymes. The slaughterhouse waste included chicken feet, intestines, filleting waste and blood plasma. The proteolytic enzymes used were papain, bromelain, protease by Rhizopus oligosphorus, probiotic protease. The observed variables were dissolved protein content with and without precipitation, protein hydrolyzate content, and the degree of enzyme hydrolysis. The research was conducted using exploratory methods. The results showed that the dissolved protein content in the chicken slaughterhouse waste protein concentrate was 1,585 mg/ml (feet), 2,361 mg/ml (intestines), 1,787 (filleting waste) and 2,372 mg/ml (blood plasma). Blood plasma protein concentrate showed the highest yield among other chicken slaughterhouse waste protein concentrates, namely 0.14 mg/ml (hydrolysis of papain), 0.18 mg/ml (hydrolysis of bromelain), 0.56 mg/ml (hydrolysis of R.oligosphorus protease) 0.68 mg/ml (hydrolysis of probiotic proteases). The highest degree of hydrolysis was shown in blood plasma hydrolyzates using probiotic protease enzymes, namely 28.72%. The highest antioxidant activity was 92.92% as observed in chicken feet protein hydrolyzate which was hydrolyzed using papain.  Therefore, chicken feet, intestines and fillet waste can produce protein concentrates through precipitation using ammonium sulfate, and plasma using acetone. The highest protein concentration was in blood plasma protein which also produced the highest hydrolysis from hydrolyzing blood plasma proteins with hydrolyzed probiotic protease. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in chicken feet protein hydrolyzate which was hydrolyzed using papain enzyme and incubated for 6h.
Entre a finalidade revolucionária e os meios de luta: o anarco-comunismo e o sindicalismo revolucionário no jornal A Terra Livre (1905-1910)
Authors: Rodrigues Andre
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a trajetória do jornal A Terra Livre e a sua relação com o anarco-comunismo e o sindicalismo revolucionário. De modo crítico à interpretação produzida pela historiografia brasileira do movimento operário da década de 1980, que colocava A Terra Livre como um jornal anarcossindicalista e que fazia uma contraposição às concepções de La Battaglia, visto como anarco-comunista e contrário à luta sindical, procuramos demonstrar que o jornal tinha uma relação muito próxima com os princípios anarco-comunistas, tal como aparece nas obras de  Piotr Kropotkin, Errico Malatesta e Élisée Reclus, e que o posicionamento favorável às lutas sindicais sustentado por seus editores não era anarcossindicalista, mas uma concepção anarquista organizacional do sindicalismo revolucionário.
Application of Local Gauge Theory to Fluid Mechanics - Part Ii: Example: Basic Model of Tollmien-Schlichting Waves and Analytical Solution
Authors: Merz Thomas
Published: October 2022

The gauge field equation for fluid mechanics established in Part I is developed into a first-order scattering theory in the simplified case of a two-dimensional incompressible flow over a flat plate. This is used to present a model for the origin of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves based on scattering between fluid particles. As a result, analytical formulae for the maximum amplification factor and the transition point from laminar to turbulent flow in the boundary layer are obtained. The mathematical transformations from the stationary field equations in Part I to a scattering theory with time evolution along the flow axis using Wick rotation are elaborated in detail.
A Randomized Trial of Home-Applied Dual-Light Photodynamic Therapy in Stable Chronic Periodontitis -Three-Month Interim Results
Authors: Pakarinen Saila , Saarela Riitta , Välimaa Hanna-Mari , Heikkinen Anna-Mari , Kankuri Esko , Noponen Marja , Alapulli Heikki , Tervahartiala Taina , Räisänen Ismo T. , Sorsa Timo , Pätilä Tommi
Published: October 2022

A single-site, randomized clinical trial was designed to determine the efficacy of regular home use of Lumoral® dual-light antibacterial aPDT in periodontitis patients. For the study, 200 patients are randomized to receive non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT), including standardized hygiene instructions and electric toothbrush, and scaling and root planing, or NSPT with adjunctive Lumoral® treatment. A complete clinical intraoral examination is conducted in the beginning, at three months, and at six months. This report presents the three-month results of the first 59 consecutive randomized subjects. At three months, bleeding on probing (BoP) was lower in the NSPT+Lumoral®-group than in the NSPT group (p=0.045), and more patients in the NSPT+Lumoral®-group had their BoP below 10% (52% vs. 29%, respectively, p=0.008). Patients in the NSPT+Lumoral®-group improved their oral hygiene by visible-plaque-index (p=0.0002), while the NSPT group showed no statistical improvement as compared to baseline. Both groups significantly reduced the number of deep periodontal pockets, but more patients with a reduction in their deep pocket number were found in the NSPT+Lumoral® group (92% vs. 63%, p=0.01). Patients whose number of deep pockets was reduced by 50% or more were also more frequent in the NSPT+Lumoral®-group (70% vs. 33%, p=0.01). Patients with initially less than ten deep pockets had fewer deep pockets at three-month follow-up in the Lumoral® group (p=0.02). In conclusion, adjunctive use of Lumoral® in NSPT results in improved treatment outcomes at three months post-therapy.
Trivariate Joint Distribution Modelling of Compound Events Using the Nonparametric D-Vine Copula Developed Based on Bernstein and Beta Kernel Copula Density Framework
Authors: Latif Shahid , Simonovic Slobodan P.
Published: October 2022

Low-lying coastal communities are often threatened by compound flooding (CF), which can be determined through the joint occurrence of storm surges, rainfall and river discharge either successively or in close succession. The trivariate distribution can demonstrate the risk of the compound phenomenon more realistically rather than considering each contributing factor independently or in a pairwise dependency. Recently vine copula has been recognized as the highly flexible approach to constructing a higher dimensional joint density framework. In such construction, parametric class copula with parametric univariate marginal distributions is often involved. Such incorporation can lack flexibility due to parametric functions with prior distribution assumptions about their univariate marginal and/or copula joint density. This study introduces the vine copula approach in a nonparametric setting by introducing Bernstein and Beta kernel copula density in establishing trivariate flood dependence. The proposed model is applied to 46 years of flood characteristics collected on the west coast of Canada. The univariate flood marginal distribution is modelled using nonparametric kernel density estimation (KDE). The 2-D Bernstein estimator and Beta kernel copulas estimator are tested independently in capturing pairwise dependencies to establish D-vine structure in a stage-wise nesting approach in three alternative ways, each by permutating the location of the conditioning variable. The best-fitted vine structure is selected using goodness-of-fit (GOF) test statistics. The performance of the nonparametric vine approach is also compared with the vine constructed in the parametric and semiparametric fitting procedure. Investigation reveals that the D-vine constructed using Bernstein copula with normal KDE marginals nonparametrically performed well in capturing dependence of the compound events. Finally, the derived nonparametric model is used in the estimation of trivariate OR- and AND-joint return periods, further employed in estimating failure probability (FP) statistics. The trivariate return periods for the AND-joint case are higher than for the OR-joint case for the same flood combination. Also, the trivariate flood hazard results in a high-value FP than bivariate and univariate events. Ignoring the trivariate dependence could result in the underestimation of FP
Influence of Cellulose Nanofibers on the Behavior of Pickering Emulsions. Part 1. Microscopy and Startup Flow Test
Authors: Cui Shu-Ming , Hashmi Saud , Li Wen-Qiang , Handschuh-Wang Stephan , Zhu Cheng-Tian , Wang Shi-Chang , Yang Pian-Pian , Huang Yan-Fei , Zhu Guang-Ming , Stadler Florian J.
Published: October 2022

When existing at emulsion interface and continuous phase, dispersibility of water-soluble flexible polymer chains has obvious effect on rheology and dielectric properties of whole emulsion. CNF Pickering emulsion is a good system to research these properties with respect to their microscopic phase structure, dielectric and rheological properties by using cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as water-soluble Pickering emulsifier, liquid Paraffin as oil phase and DDAB as a cationic auxiliary surfactant. The CNF- and DDAB-contents were systematically varied while the water to paraffin oil ratio remained constant to discern the influence of the Pickering emulsifiers. Polarized optical microscopic images revealed that the droplets have tendency to become smaller size for higher CNF content, but bigger size for higher DDAB content, which was proved by the fluorescent analysis for CNF dispersibility with varying DDAB content. The dielectric damping exhibits a minimum, whose value decreases with increasing DDAB- and CNF-content. Increasing the DDAB-content promotes solubilization of CNFs in the aqueous phase and will increase the overall viscosity and yield points. Similarly, a higher CNF-content leads to a higher viscosity and yield point, but at high DDAB-contents the viscosity function exhibits an S-shape at intermediate CNF-content. To evaluate the results further they were compared with CNF-dispersions (without oil-phase), which showed a surfactant effect slightly on maximum stress but strongly on yield stress τy, indicating DDAB can promote the formation of CNF network rather than the viscosity of whole system.
Food Safety Practices of Women Aged 18-65 Years: A Sample from Turkey
Authors: Durduran Yasemin , Taskin Havvanur , Demir Lütfi Saltuk , Sagdiç Ayse , Uyar Mehmet , Evci Reyhan , Sahin Tahir Kemal
Published: October 2022

There are different practices for preparing, cooking and storing foods at home. These practices are generally attributed to women and food safety is an important point in these. The study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitudes of women aged 18-65 years in terms of food safety practices and to identify the lacking points. The study was conducted in 2015 in Konya (Turkey). The sample size was considered as 786. A survey including 44 questions prepared was practiced with the participants, using the face-to-face interview method. Descriptive statistics were summarized and appropriate statistical tests were used. The significance level was set as p<0.05. Of the women, 70.9% read the labels of the products. 70.5% of the participants cook every day and 89.1% paid attention to the hygiene of the place where foods are prepared and cooked and the utensils they use. 92.2% of the women did not know that the animal products that are not cooked at the appropriate time and heat could be potentially dangerous. 29.0% cut down the mouldy parts and use the rest. 72.9% of the participants chop the raw meat, chicken and fish, and vegetable and fruit in different chopping boards. The score of the married, the employed and homeowners was higher than others in terms of food safety practices. In this study, beside correct practices in some cases such as buying food, hygiene, there are some wrong practices in cases such as lack of information about potentially dangerous foods, chopping meat products and others on the same chopping board and cutting down the mouldy part of the product and using the rest. Considering the lack of information or mistakes that may result from habits in practice, believed that education and new studies should be carried out in order to inform and raise awareness in society.
A Systematic Review on Micronutrients in Memory: Feeding the Brain
Authors: Bhoir Anjali , Patil Rupali , Boraste Sahebrao , Pingale Prashant , Amrutkar Sunil
Published: October 2022

Treatment with micronutrients resulted in substantial gains on measures of verbal learning and memory. Identifying and preventing sub-clinical deficiencies may be necessary to avoid the negative effects of undernutrition.The molecular mechanisms of micronutrients must be understood in food’s impact on memory can assist us to find out how to better control nutrition to improve neuronal tolerance to encourage mental health. Food’s ability to prevent and combat disease is becoming more universally understood. Over the last five years, the research has shown intriguing evidence for the impact of dietary variables on complex biochemical processes and pathways that promote mental function. Our brain is similar to a muscle in that the more we utilize it, the stronger it becomes. At every age-as student, professionals, and the elderly-we require our brain to work optimally, as well as retrieve information that we have acquired or experienced. Memory consolidation is aided by “healthy habits” such as a proper diet and adequate sleep. It also contributes to the brain’s optimal functioning. However, the most significant method is through nutrition and nutrients, which have no side effects or contraindications. A diet high in omega 3 fatty acids, for example, is being praised for its capacity to improve cognitive processes in both humans and animals. This review aimed to emphasize on micronutrients in memory.
Chocolate as Prebiotic and Probiotic Delivery Vehicle
Authors: Kanchana R. , Myla Pereira , Aliya Sayed , Patel Saina , Carvalho Kimberly , Naik Ashwini
Published: October 2022

In today’s world, food, besides their basic role in nutrition, has to meet additional aspects such as maintenance of health and to counteract diseases. Scientific research refers to health benefits of probiotics and prebiotics in human nutrition. An increasing demand of consumers for foodstuffs supplemented with live probiotic bacteria, gave rise to studies on the development of foods with these microorganisms. However, the possible applications of probiotics in non-dairy food products have not studied well. This study explores the new product, chocolate as a delivery vehicle for pre and probiotics. Probiotic chocolates were made using microencapsulated Lactobacillus strains along with fruit pulp to serve as prebiotics. The confirmatory tests for probiotics, sensory properties and shelf life were studied. The results revealed that the probiotic chocolate prepared with the incorporation of fruit extract like Passion fruit and Strawberry fruit rated the maximum by the consumers through sensory evaluation and the product has shelf-life of twenty days at room temperature without losing any organoleptic properties
Energy Drinks Consumption and its Effect on Health: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Zahrani Maryam H. , Aljehani Raghad Marzouq , Algahtani Norah Mohammed , Saddeek Razan Youniss
Published: October 2022

The first energy drink was known about in 1987 and now found in more than one hundred and forty countries. With the increase in consumption of Energy Drinks (ED) among young adults and adolescents over the last few years and the significant health events, the study aims to show the relationship between energy drinks consumption and health problems, like obesity, heart attack and diabetes mellitus. In 2020, the online survey was developed for Saudi females and the total number was 64. In this study around half of the participants (43%) reported being ED consumers and energy drinks consumption was not scientifically associated with health problems. The finding from this study suggests that there is no relationship between energy drinks consumption and health problems.
Changes in Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Quality in Food Grains after Processing
Authors: Yadav Anjali , Singh Usha , Chaudhary Gitanjali
Published: October 2022

Food grains contain abundant of nutrients which are beneficial for health and minimize the risk of various communicable and non-communicable diseases. But they are bounded with numerous inhibiting substances such as tannins, oxalates, trypsin inhibitors etc. which hinders the bioavailability of nutrients. Different processing methods were applied like soaking, roasting, boiling and drying which reduces those inhibiting factors and enhances absorption. The study was conducted to determine the changes in physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of grains before and after processing. The result indicates that the hundred grain weight of processed food grains ranged from 0.29 to 22.25 g/100 g; bulk density 0.63 to 0.83 g/cc. Nutritional quality like moisture content ranged from 2.41 to 8.44 g/100 g, ash 1.49 to 2.55 g/100 g, crude protein 8.72 to 20.27 g/100 g, crude fat 0.57 to 32.74 g/100 g, dietary fibre 12.12 to 27.02 g/100 g, carbohydrate 11.95 to 66.46 g/100 g including minerals iron 2.55 to 8.37 mg/100 g, zinc 3.03 to 5.64 mg/100 g and calcium 28.01 to 371.53 mg/100 g respectively. It can be concluded that processing of grains reduces anti-nutritional factors, promotes enzymatic activity and declines glycemic index in addition with rich in protein, calcium, zinc, iron, omega-3 fat, dietary fibre whereas lower in carbohydrate and moisture. The flour of processed food grains can be applied to develop many value added food products which helps to overcome day to day lifestyle diseases.
Maternal Nutrition and Birth Weight in Dual Nutrition Burden Era
Authors: Pramanik Amrita , Ramachandran Prema , K. Kalaivani
Published: October 2022

In the 1970s low dietary intake, pre-pregnancy under-nutrition and low weight gain during pregnancy were thought to be the major factors responsible for over 1/3rd of infants being born with low birth weight in India. Over decades there has been improvement in nutritional status of women; currently both maternal under-nutrition and over-nutrition are major public health problems. Despite improvement in maternal nutritional status, there has been no improvement in birth weight. A study was taken up in women from urban low-middle-income families, to assess maternal nutritional status, weight gain during pregnancy and birth weight; in a sub-group of women the magnitude of residual post-pregnancy weight retention was investigated. Urban women from low-middle-income families (1235) attending antenatal clinics in primary health care institution or receiving antenatal care in community settings, were enrolled for this longitudinal observational study. Gestational age and weight were recorded in 1235 women during 4467 antenatal visits. Mean weight gain in 2nd and 3rd trimester was 7.5 kg. Data on birth-weight was available in 853 women; mean birth-weight was 2.7 kg. In 145 women in whom pre- and post-pregnancy weight was available; the post-pregnancy weight retention was 1.9 kg. Women were heavier before and during pregnancy and there has been improvement in pregnancy weight gain as compared to two decades ago but there was no change in mean birth-weight. Screening, identifying under- or over-nourished pregnant women and providing them with appropriate nutrition and health care can enable improvement in maternal nutrition and birth weight.
Disparity between High Iodised Salt Usage and Knowledge of Iodine Nutrition in Pregnancy among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Saggu Sofia Rani , Prasad Ranu , Verma Anisha
Published: October 2022

The micronutrient Iodine is essential throughout life especially during fetal brain development. The deficiency of which is deemed the single most important cause of preventable mental retardation. Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is manifested in infancy and childhood, which are primarily influenced by low iodine levels in pregnancy. Using iodised salt is a key to ensure elimination of IDD, for which the knowledge and awareness of iodised salt are of prime importance. The study was aimed to determine the knowledge of iodine nutrition and its association with awareness and usage of iodised salt among pregnant women living in eastern UP. Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted through random sampling on 200 pregnant women at the regional women’s hospital, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. A pre-tested interview schedule was used to assess knowledge. Scores and descriptive statistics were analyzed, bivariate analyses were employed to describe and determine the association among variables. Mean age of respondents was 25.23 ±3.75. The majority of the population belonged to the lower middle (38%) and upper lower class (36%). Nearly half had heard of the nutrient ‘Iodine’ and 37% self-reported usage of iodised salt whereas usage as per brand was 81%. The mean knowledge score was 1.53. Three-fourths of the respondents (74.5%) had a low level of knowledge and a quarter of the respondents (25.5%) had a high level of knowledge. These scores were significantly associated with socioeconomic status, usage of iodised salt (both self-reported and brand used) and with an awareness of iodine as an essential nutrient and its deficiencies (p<0.05). The study shows a significant disparity between knowledge of iodised salt, its use and actual consumption, which can be attributed to successful Universal Salt Iodisation; however, the disparity highlights the need for strategic awareness schemes in women of reproductive age.
Molecular Docking and Therapeutic Targets of Flavanol Compounds from Camellia sinensis on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Baskaran Nandhini , Subash Anitha
Published: October 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with neuropsychiatric symptoms and several cognitive functions and is biochemically characterized by a significant decrease in the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The current study is performed to investigate possible interaction of the active components identified from Camellia sinensis (Green tea) with acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) through docking studies using Schrödinger software (Maestro V: 11.8 Schrödinger_suite-2019). In silico study results clearly showed that catechin and epicatechin-3-gallate binds effectively with AChE through strong hydrogen bonding
Pumpkin Seeds as a Power House of Nutrition: A Review
Authors: Saxena Dipali , Sharma Uttam , Gupta Sneha , Mahajan Shubham
Published: October 2022

Today the need to obtain nutritious foods from new sources and lower in waste food processing industry has created a high interest. Modification of agro industrial waste products into valuable elements is probably a huge footstep towards the direction of food sustainability. The seeds of pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.) are generally considered to be agro-industrial wastes and discarded. But pumpkin seeds are densely packed with useful nutrients and nutraceuticals such as amino acids, phytosterols, unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, cucurbitacins and valuable minerals. All these bioactive compounds are important to a healthy life and well-being. The present study aims at reviewing the various researches done in the past on the uses of the pumkin seed for the treatment of digestion problems, diarrhoea, colic, dyspepsia etc. Various researcher investigated that the used of pumpkin seed are beneficial for some diseases such as diabetes, alzheimer, anti cancer, hypercholesterolemic and hypertension patients. Pumpkin seeds have wide application, as antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticidal, encapsulation, antifungal. As from all the studies, that done and concluded that pumpkin seed have been used as functional food for humans by combining with unit operations of food processing for treatment of various ailments.
Stability of β-carotene in Pumpkin Flour Fortified Vermicelli
Authors: K. Balaswamy , P.G. Prabhakara Rao , G. Sulochanamma , A. Nagender , K. Sathiya Mala
Published: October 2022

Colour is one of the important attributes which influences the acceptance of a food product. Carotenoids are a class of compounds which impart colour into food products. The micronutrient in the fresh pumpkin such as carotene was found to be in good amounts (8 mg /100 g), while minerals such as P (27.8 mg/100 g) and Fe (1.5 mg/100 g) were present in considerable amounts. In the present study, attempts were made to store the carotene rich pumpkin flour (PF) at both ambient and refrigerated temperature for 6 months and its application in the preparation of vermicelli. The PF and PF fortified vermicelli samples were evaluated for the stability of β-carotene during storage. It was observed that at 4°C, the retention of β-carotene in PF was 25.5% at 6 months, while at 30°C, the retention was 11.45% for the same duration. The retention of β-carotene in vermicelli was higher at higher levels of PF incorporation (85.19%) as compared to lower levels of application (6.35%). However, a significant decrease in carotene during storage was observed in both PF incorporated vermicelli and PF stored under both refrigerated and ambient conditions.
Application of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Maintaining Gut Health
Authors: Upasana .
Published: October 2022

The health benefits proclaimed by probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been the subject of extensive research for the last few decades. Researchers focused on searching the role of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics that help in maintaining gastrointestinal tract health. Many studies stated that probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics supplementation is beneficial in maintaining optimal microflora in the gut that ultimately helps in the prevention of numerous diseases associated with nutritional health. This review article portrays various roles played by probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in maintaining the beneficial microbiota of the human gut.
Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties of Microgreen Masala Mix and Assessment of Organoleptic Properties of Microgreen Masala Mix Incorporated Products
Authors: K. S. Sneha , Fathima Thabassum Z Anees , Reddy Madhavi , C. S. Shivakumara , A. Satish
Published: October 2022

The study aimed to develop masala mix using microgreens, to assess the organoleptic properties of products prepared by incorporating Microgreen Masala Mix (MMM) and compare the antioxidant properties of the most acceptable variation of MMM with Standard Masala Mix (SMM). Four varieties of microgreens - Spinach, Fenugreek, Coriander and Amaranthus were cultivated, harvested, dehydrated and powdered separately. A microgreen mix (MM) was prepared by mixing 5 g each of the dehydrated powder. SMM was prepared using different spices.MMM was prepared by replacing the SMM with MM at 10, 15 and 20% (i.e Variation- 1,2 and 3) respectively. Masala rice and Masala potato fry were prepared by incorporating SMM and MMM. Sensory attributes of the developed products were evaluated by 15 semi-trained panellists using 9 point hedonic scale. Masala rice-Standard and variation 1 had a higher and similar mean score of 8.4±0.63 and 8.4±0.82 respectively. A similar trend was noticed for masala potato fry, where standard and variation 1 had a mean score of 8.13±0.74 and 7.9±1.33 respectively indicating a high overall acceptability. Hence, the antioxidant properties of MMM (variation 1) were analysed and compared with SMM. MMM (variation 1) had high total phenolic content (55.7 ?g of gallic acid equivalent/ml) and essentially similar flavonoid content (13.45 ? Quercetin/ml). The free radical scavenging activity IC50 value of variation 1 was higher (99.0 ?g/ml) than the standard. Microgreens are rich source of antioxidants hence incorporating microgreens in regular recipes along with other spices and condiments will prove useful to maintain health.
Quality Deterioration of Rice Grains under High Temperature Stress
Authors: K P Aswathi , K Ajith , B Ajithkumar , E.R Aneena
Published: October 2022

High temperatures, which cause a decline in grain weight and quality, are one of the most significant environmental concerns checking productivity of rice in tropical areas. To combat these problems, understanding the consequences of high temperature stress on nutritional qualities of rice is imperative. An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi during 2019-2020 with rice variety Jyothi cultivated during five dates of planting [June 1st (D1), June 30th (D2), October 1st (D3), October 30th (D4) and January 1st (D5)] under open condition (O) and climate-controlled green house (GH). Grains obtained from different treatments were analyzed for different quality parameters like milling percentage, head rice recovery, starch, amylose, protein, fat and mineral (Ca, Fe, Zn, P) content. Highest milling percentage, head rice recovery, starch, amylose, protein, fat and mineral (Ca, Fe, Zn, P) content were observed during June 1st planting and lowest during January 1st planting. When comparing the two growing conditions, grains obtained from open condition had high milling percentage, head rice recovery, starch, amylose, protein, fat and mineral (Ca, Fe, Zn, P) content than that under climate-controlled greenhouse. The study shows that high temperature stress on plants can be managed by early sowing of rice cultivars in all the three seasons viz. virippu, mundakan and puncha and rice grains obtained from virippu sowing gives good quality grains as compared to that of mundakan and puncha planted grains.
Characteristics Associated With a Previous COVID-19 Diagnosis, Vaccine Uptake, and Intention to Be Vaccinated Among Essential Workers in the US Household Pulse Survey
Authors: Steege Andrea L. , Luckhaupt Sara E. , Guerin Rebecca J. , Okun Andrea H. , Hung Mei-Chuan , Syamlal Girija , Lu Peng-Jun , Santibanez Tammy A. , Groenewold Matthew R. , Billock Rachael , Singleton James A. , Sweeney Marie Haring
Published: October 2022

Objectives. To explore previous COVID-19 diagnosis and COVID-19 vaccination status among US essential worker groups.

Methods. We analyzed the US Census Household Pulse Survey (May 26–July 5, 2021), a nationally representative sample of adults aged 18 years and older. We compared currently employed essential workers working outside the home with those working at home using adjusted prevalence ratios. We calculated proportion vaccinated and intention to be vaccinated, stratifying by essential worker and demographic groups for those who worked or volunteered outside the home since January 1, 2021.

Results. The proportion of workers with previous COVID-19 diagnosis was highest among first responders (24.9%) working outside the home compared with workers who did not (13.3%). Workers in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting had the lowest vaccination rates (67.5%) compared with all workers (77.8%). Those without health insurance were much less likely to be vaccinated across all worker groups.

Conclusions. This study underscores the importance of improving surveillance to monitor COVID-19 and other infectious diseases among workers and identify and implement tailored risk mitigation strategies, including vaccination campaigns, for workplaces. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(11):1599–1610. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307010 )
Abortion Criminalization: A Public Health Crisis Rooted in White Supremacy
Authors: Riley Taylor , Zia Yasaman , Samari Goleen , Sharif Mienah Z.
Published: October 2022

The Supreme Court decision to overturn Roe v. Wade and the growing onslaught of state laws that criminalize abortion are part of a long history of maintaining White supremacy through reproductive control of Black and socially marginalized lives.

As public health continues to recognize structural racism as a public health crisis and advances its measurement, it is imperative to explicate the connection between abortion criminalization and White supremacy.

In this essay, we highlight how antiabortion policies uphold White supremacy and offer concrete strategies for addressing abortion criminalization in structural racism measures and public health research and practice. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(11):1662–1667. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307014 )
Quantitative evaluation of cerebellar perfusion in elderly patients with unilateral vertebral artery hypoplasia using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling
Authors: jun Chen , Chuanying Shi , chunqing Bu , Xiaotong Yang , Chuanchen Zhang
Published: October 2022

Background: To quantify cerebellar perfusion in elderly patients with unilateral vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL), and to further investigate the effect of VAH on the ipsilateral cerebellar perfusion.
Methods: 273 elderly patients with unilateral VAH were included in this study. All patients underwent MRI measurement at 3T, including PCASL and T1-weighted imaging. Two neuroradiologists independently post-processed and evaluated PCASL images. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) of the bilateral inferior cerebellar hemispheres was measured. All data were divided into two groups: VAH-side group and normal-side group. The CBF of each side was the average of the data measured by the two neuroradiologists. CBF values were tested for the difference between the two groups using SPSS 26.0 software.
Results: There was a good interobserver agreement in the CBF values between the two neuroradiologists (ICC=0.893, p<0.05). The CBF values of the VAH-side and normal-side groups were 39.844±9.235 and 45.174±8.342 respectively. Significantly reduced CBF values were shown in the VAH-side group compared with the normal-side group (t = −13.351, p<0.01).
Conclusions: PCASL can accurately detect cerebellar hypoperfusion in elderly patients with unilateral VAH. The cerebellums with ipsilateral VAH in elderly patients are mostly hypoperfused and vulnerable to ischemia.
Sex-Specific Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Short and Middle-Distance Swimming Performance
Authors: Massini Danilo A. , Almeida Tiago A. F. , Macedo Anderson G. , Espada Mário A. C. , Reis Joana F. , Alves Francisco J. B. , Fernandes Ricardo J. P. , Filho Dalton M. Pessôa
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Since sex-specific accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) during high-intensity swimming remains unstudied, this study aimed to assess AOD during 50, 100, and 200 m front-crawl performances to compare the responses between sexes and analyse the effect of lean body mass (LBM).
Methods Twenty swimmers (16.2±2.8 years, 61.6±7.8 kg, and 48.8±11.2 kg LBM) performed 50, 100, and 200 m to determine accumulated oxygen uptake (V̇O2Ac). The swimmers also performed an incremental test from which five submaximal steps were selected to estimate the oxygen demand (V̇O2demand) from the V̇O2 vs velocity adjustment. V̇O2 was sampled using a gas analyser coupled with a respiratory snorkel. AOD was the difference between V̇O2demand and V̇O2Ac, and LBM was assessed by dual-energy absorptiometry.
Results: A two-way ANOVA evidenced an AOD increase with distance for both sexes: 19.7±2.5 vs 24.9±5.5, 29.8±8.0 vs 36.5±5.8, and 41.5±9.4 vs 55.2±11.9 ml×kg-1, respectively for 50, 100, and 200 m (with highest values for females, P<0.01). Inverse correlations were observed between LBM and AOD for 50, 100, and 200 m (r = -0.60, -0.38 and -0.49, P<0.05). AOD values at 10 and 30 s elapsed times in each trial decreased for both sexes, with higher values for female swimmers than males in the 200 m trial (2.6±0.6 vs 3.4±0.6 and 7.9±1.7 vs 10.0±1.8 ml×kg-1, P<0.05).
Conclusion: Therefore, LBM differences between sexes influenced AOD values during each trial, suggesting that reduced muscle mass in female swimmers plays a role on the higher AOD (i.e., anaerobic energy) demand than males while performing supramaximal trials.