bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magicoterapia: O uso de Mágicas Contextualizadas como Instrumento para auxiliar na Ludoterapia
Authors: Guedes José Demontier , Gonçalves Francisco Robson de Brito
Published: July 2016

Este Artigo apresenta concepções sobre o uso de mágicas na terapia infantil e os efeitos no processo psicoterapêutico. O trabalho tem como objetivo geral inserir a mágica como instrumento para facilitar a comunicação entre terapeuta e paciente. Quanto aos objetivos específicos, busca-se analisar a percepção das crianças diante da técnica utilizada, despertando o interesse pelo tema através da contextualização com apresentação de truques e estimular o relato sobre a queixa através da observação e da escuta. O método utilizado para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa ocorreu pela análise de experiências do uso de mágicas aplicadas na Educação Infantil da Rede Pública de Ensino Municipal e, também em sessões de psicoterapia. Os relatos apresentados fazem parte da experiência dos próprios autores e refletem a realidade da necessidade de inovar para adquirir melhores resultados, visto que a arte da mágica como instrumento, possui características peculiares capaz de desenvolver na criança habilidades cognitivas para o seu desempenho e relação com o outro, atuando na fixação de ideias implícitas mediante a contextualização com o assunto de interesse em investigação. A mágica é uma excelente estratégia e um instrumento de apoio, capaz de falar a linguagem para qualquer público quando bem aplicada. Em razão disto, tem-se como finalidade apresentar essa técnica inovadora para ser aplicada na terapia infantil.
History of Education Research in Australia
Authors: Campbell Craig
Published: July 2016

History of education research has flourished in Australia since the 1960s. However, fewer university appointments in recent years suggest that a decline will soon occur. Nevertheless, research over the previous fifty years has produced much excellent work, following three significant historiographical trends. The first is the dominant Anglo-Empirical Whig tradition, which has concentrated on conflicts between church and state over schooling, and the founders and establishment of schools and public school systems. The second arose from social history, shifting the focus of research onto families, students and teachers. However, the concentration on the social class relations of schooling was eventually overtaken by substantial studies into gender relations. In more recent times, cultural studies and the influence of Foucault have been responsible for new research questions and research, marking a new historiographical trend. A survey of topics for which more research is required concludes the editorial, not least of which is the history of Indigenous education.
Does gender influence color matching quality?
Authors: Ristić Ivan , Paravina Rade
Published: July 2016

Objectives: To compare shade matching skills of color normal males and females. Material and Methods: A total of 174 dental students of both genders (117 females and 57 males, 20 to 25 years old), with no experience in color matching in dentistry, participated in the study. All recruited students passed the Ishihara color vision test for color deficiency, and matched the colors of eight shade tabs using VITA Linearguide 3D-Master shade guide. Standardized lighting conditions were provided using Rite-Lite (Addent Danbury, CT, USA) hand-held shade matching unit. Color differences between the task tabs and selected tabs were calculated using two CIE color difference formulae and students results were evaluated from 10 (for the best match score) to 1 for the 10th best match score. Means and standard deviations were determined. Student's t-test was used for result analysis (p = .05). Results: The mean shade matching scores and standard deviations for male and female students were 5.86 (SD 1.38) and 6.10 (SD 1.36), respectively (p = .266). No statistically significant differences in overall and individual target tab scores by gender were recorded. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it was concluded that gender did not influence color matching quality.
The Problems of Eastern Orthodox Church Buildings of Historical Value – Changing Uses over the Years
Authors: Jarocka-Mikrut Aleksandra , Gleń Piotr
Published: July 2016

There are many Eastern Orthodox church buildings throughout the Lublin Province. Over the years, these architectural objects have undergone multiple transformations, both in terms of changing religious denominations and rituals and also adaptation to new functions, such as warehousing.

This article classifies and presents the transformations carried out in selected Eastern Orthodox churches in the Lublin province. By using comparative analysis of the buildings’ primary condition and their current state, it was possible to identify the risks and opportunities arising from the process of adapting these buildings and their rich historical background. Additionally, the article includes a subjective assessment of the adaptation works and their influence on the physical form of the Eastern Orthodox churches examined. To present the adaptation methods currently applied to religious buildings located in Poland, this article focuses on examples of already-transformed properties that used to have a religious function in the past, but that have now been turned into commercial properties.
Road Investment Design in Areas Protected by the Monuments Conservator
Authors: Juszczyk Artur
Published: July 2016

Design works on road construction plans for areas protected by conservation require a proper preparation, especially in terms of formality, which has been described in this paper.

One has shown the various methods of conduct in the course of obtaining administrative decisions and related difficulties, which are dependent on the form of monument protection and the scope of the proposed building works.

One has also raised a question regarding the law on the subject. One has suggested the consolidation of existing regulations and introduced the likely new direction that is currently in preparation.
Historical Allotment Gardens in Wrocław - The Need to Protection
Authors: Kononowicz Wanda , Gryniewicz-Balińska Katarzyna
Published: July 2016

Since about the mid-nineteenth century, together with the changing socio-economic situation, different types of allotments appeared in Wrocław. Initially, they were rented gardens, gardens for the poor or for factory workers. At the beginning of the twentieth century, school gardens and the so called Schreber gardens with a large common square were set up as part of Dr. Schreber’s educational health program. In 1914-1918, “war” vegetable gardens were commonly cultivated. In the 1920s allotment gardens began to be systematically introduced to the city plan as permanent, purposefully designed elements of urban greenery. They were often designed together with urban parks, or so called “Folk Parks” of a recreational and sport character. In the 1930s, during the economic crisis, allotments with garden houses were adapted for the unemployed and the homeless to live in. Wrocław allotment gardens have undeniable historical, social, recreational, economic and compositional value. These gardens are a cultural heritage that should be protected. In Western Europe we are witnessing a renaissance of the idea of allotments, while in Poland - a tendency to eliminate them from urban landscapes.
Steel Construction of Modern Building of Former Sports Hall at Chopin Street in Zielona Góra
Authors: Michalak Bartosz
Published: July 2016

Modernism in architecture of the lubuskie voivodeship is not dominating style. Objects created in the period of its greatest popularity are still fighting for recognition of their value as historical monuments. One of such facilities in Zielona Góra is building at Chopin street, where today is The Teacher Training Centre. However, originally object was intended to be a sports hall. The topic worth of further analysis is the construction of the building. The skeleton is a unique steel frame, made in 1930 by the famous pre-war company Fabrik und für Brückenbau Eisenkonstruktionen BEUCHELT & Co. Grünberg in Schlesien. In order to build walls the brick technology was used. It is a rarely seen combination that indicates the attempt to experiment with new solutions by engineers of the era of modernism.
Sediments Contamination with Organic Micropollutants: Current State and Perspectives
Authors: Popenda Agnieszka , Włodarczyk-Makuła Maria
Published: July 2016

This study focused on the sediment contamination with some organic micropollutants based on the monitoring data together with available literature in Poland. The following persistent organic pollutants (POPs): polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides (CP) were characterized in sediments with respect to current legislations in force. Based on accessible data, higher PAHs, PCBs and CP concentrations were found in river sediments than in lake sediments. Especially, sediments of the Oder River and its tributary in the southern part of Poland, were highly polluted. In order to minimize the risk of the secondary pollution of surface waters, it is necessary to introduce consolidated management system with sediments proceeding. Furthermore, it is also of great importance to elaborate specific regulations concerning conditions of sediments management.
Unusual Rebuilding Method of Historic St Mary’s Cathedral in the Capital of Western Australia
Authors: Wysokowski Adam
Published: July 2016

St Mary’s Cathedral is the Archbishop church of the Archdiocese in Perth in Western Australia. The presented sacral building was built in neo-Gothic style during the years 1863-1865. Cathedral was officially dedicated and opened for the service on 29th January, 1865. In 1973 was proclaimed the Marian Sanctuary and now represents one of the largest religious facilities in Perth. In 2005, the city authorities, together with the Archdiocese took a collective decision on the necessity of a comprehensive renovation of this sacred object. The renovation was due to the technical condition and the lack of usability of the object. The author of the paper had the opportunity to experience these problems by visiting this place several times, first time in 1989 and next years. Thus, the renovation of the present Cathedral was in its assumption not only to perform maintenance of the building and its specific architectural elements but also to increase its functional features - usable for the faithful and tourists.

Reconstruction of St Mary’s Cathedral in Perth can be a good example increasing the wider functionality of such facilities while keeping their antique and historical qualities. In this paper the above-mentioned issues will be more widely developed by the author.
Zeamatin-Like Protein (ZLP) Gene is Associated with Resistance against A. niger in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sajjad A.M. , Bahsir T. , Saeed S. , Iqbal M. ,   Ahmad, Islam S.
Published: July 2016

Maize (Zea mays L.) constitutes one of the most important crops worldwide with multi-billion dollar annual revenue. The plant is however a good substrate for growth, development and activity of filamentous fungi. A large number of fungal species causes spoilage and accumulation of mycotoxins. Plants restrict the hyphal growth by producing pathogenesis related proteins. So far 17 groups of such proteins are identified. PR-5 group comprises of the thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs), which have diverse modes of actions and act at various stages of fungal attack. Zeamatin-like protein (ZLP) is a member of TLPs, which is basically localized in seeds with enhanced expression during physiological growth and cellular differentiation. However a basal quantity is found in the leaves of many crop plants. Here we report the response of maize plant tissues against A. niger inoculation by measuring the variation in expression profile of a zeamatin-like gene. Conventional PCR coupled with RT-qPCR identifies a significant change in the expression magnitude of ZLP in pre- and post-inoculated plant samples. SDS-PAGE, followed by antimicrobial activities against A. niger, E.coli, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, S. aureus and S. typhimurium, however, do not register a direct relationship with enhancement in gene expression. It is in line with the fact that response to pathogenesis in plants is a multigenic activity involving a series of responsible/induced genes. The assay developed is useful in primary sorting out of the maize hybrids with respect to their resistance against Aspergillus spp., especially in areas with high rate of incidence of fungal pathogenesis.
Comparison of Response of Canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Hyola 401) to Biofertilizer Inoculation in Optimal and Delayed Cropping Dates
Authors: Yasari E. , Mozaffari S. , Chepi O. Ghasemi , Garousi S. , Bahrami B. , Nikparvar E. , Farzin N.
Published: July 2016

In order to compare the effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria as biofertilizer and mineral phosphorous application in optimal date of sowing with delayed cropping date on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth and productivity, a split-plot experiment, using randomized complete block design with three replications, was conducted at Dashate-Naz Agronomy Research Station, in 2014. Four levels of bacterial inoculation (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, singly or in combination) were applied as main plots and five levels of mineral phosphorus (P) application (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg·ha-1 of mineral phosphorous) were applied as sub plots. Canola plant were sown at two dates of sowing, one at optimal date of sowing (30 Sept., 2014) and the other one month later as delayed cropping (30 Oct., 2014). The results obtained showed that effects of bacterial inoculation on number of seeds per pod, number of pods on plant, and seed yield were significant at one percent probability level at both sowing dates. Moreover, rates of phosphate application had significant effects on all traits at one percent level. Comparing the means showed that application of mineral P resulted in substantial increase in seed yield. At optimal date of sowing, it was shown that while minimum seed yield obtained at control treatment (1600 kg·ha-1), the maximum (2980 kg·ha-1) obtained with interaction effects of application of both bacterial strains along with 75 kg·ha-1 mineral P, having no statistically difference with that of P. fluorescens, along with 75 kg·ha-1 mineral P (2940 kg·ha-1). It was shown that delayed cropping resulted in decreasing canola growth which is reflected in seed yield and yield components. Minimum seed yield at control plot at first date of sowing (1600 kg·ha-1) decreased to 740 kg·ha-1, in the second date of sowing, showing 54 % decrease. The maximum seed yield also decreased in delayed cropping, from 2980 kg·ha-1 at 30 Sept., 2014, as compared to 1074 kg·ha-1 at 30 Oct., 2014, showing a 64% decrease. The results obtained showed that an increase in P level, eventually enhanced the seed yield. This increasing trend continued until a threshold level (75 kg·ha-1 of P), after which seed yield showed a declining fashion.
The Effect of Applying Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Aphid Infection and its Influence on Histo-Physiological Traits and Thermal Imaging of Canola
Authors: Elhamahmy M.A.M. , Mahmoud M.F. , Bayoumi T.Y.
Published: July 2016

Insect damage in canola adversely affects its productivity andquality and is considered one of the most important degrading factors in Egypt. The effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on aphid populations, growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus, L.) cv. serw 4 was the major goal of this study. Two experiments were conducted at the farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, during 2014 and 2015 seasons, to achieve this target. Each experiment included four levels of SA (0, 50, 100, 200 mg 1-1). The experimental results revealed that SA, at low concentration (50 mg 1-1), was an effective treatment for reduction the number of aphid populations and colony depth on the main inflorescence, contributed with reducing the thickness of secretory tissue of flower pedicel. The level of 50 mg 1-1 of SA-treated canola had the highest number of stomata cm-2, along with the lowest width of both stoma and its aperture. Thickness of xylem tissue and the number of xylem vessels bundle-1 in leaf midrib, reducing sugars and free amino acids was increased at 50 mg 1-1 SA, but free phenolics content did not affected significantly. Under controlled conditions, changes in temperature of infected leaves allowed the discrimination between healthy and infected areas in thermo-image, even before visible symptoms of aphid infestation appeared. The detection of modifications in plants or canopies, associated with low insect severity in the early stages of infestation, was crucial for the targeted, site-specific or on demand application of integrated aphid control. Canola, which was treated with 50 mg 1-1 of SA, gave 30.5 and 27.9 kg of oil ha-1 over the control. It was concluded that spraying of SA at 50 mg 1-1 was an effective elicitor to diminish the aphid numbers on canola inflorescence and improve its yield.
Stakeholder Colaboration in Tourism Destination Planning – The Case of Montenegro
Authors: Pjerotić Ljiljana , Rađenović Miško , Tripković-Marković Ana
Published: July 2016

The importance of involving diverse stakeholders in tourism planning is receiving growing recognition. Effective tourism destination planning is a complex process, due to the existence of a wide variety of stakeholders with a wide range of opinions, multiple problem visions and different interests. Despite the complexity of the planning process one feature acknowledged for successful destination management planning is a high level of stakeholder engagement and cooperation. The implementation and success of a tourism plan often relies on the support of destination stakeholders.

The paper deals with the issue of effective tourism destination planning from the perspective of harmonizing stakeholders’ interests. It explores tourism destination planning in the Montenegrin tourist destinations, the level of stakeholder cooperation and correlation between destination plans implementation and stakeholder cooperation. An empirical research was carried on the population of 19 local tourist organizations in Montenegro. Findings and implications of the research are given in the paper. The results revealed the problem of insufficient implementation of tourism development plans and low level of stakeholder cooperation. Also, there are implications based on recently conducted research reported in this paper, that there is a strong positive correlation between the level of stakeholder cooperation and implementation of a tourism destination plans.
The Consumer Policy in the Eu Law / Spotrebiteľská Politika V Práve Eú
Authors: Lazíková Jarmila
Published: July 2016

Consumer protection is a dominant policy of the EU. Despite this fact, the article 169 of the Treaty on Functioning of the European Union does not enable to adopt the binding legal laws on consumer protection per se. The binding legal laws could be adopted only within the context of other politics and activities on the internal market of the EU. The paper addresses the consumer policy and its status in the EU law by the historical development and legal analysis of the article 169 of the Treaty, secondary law development of consumer protection, jurisprudence, and judicature of the Court of the Justice of the EU.
Dysmenorrhea and self-care strategies in Iranian female students: a regression modeling of pain severity and underlying factors
Authors: Ghaderi Fariba , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad , Mohseni Bandpei Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2016

Objective:

Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecologic condition experienced by menstruating women and has significant medical and psychosocial impacts. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the problems related to menstruation, self-care strategies and their relations with pain severity in female students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

Methods:

This cross sectional study was carried out among 197 unmarried and healthy female medical students during April 2013 to July 2013. A standardized questionnaire was given to participants to complete, which included questions about demographic information, prevalence and severity of pain, self-care strategies and its effectiveness.

Results:

The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 98.4% (95% confidence interval=97.6%–99.2%). Almost 76% (149) of students reported limitation of daily activities. The most common method for relief pain were: taking analgesics (64.3%), rest (61.9%), taking herbal medicine (11.7%), and applying hot compress on area of pain (22.3%). Obtaining information about self-care strategies offered from family and friends 79 (41%) were more common than scientific articles 56 (28.7%) and the Internet 43 (22%). Significant relations were observed between self-care strategies’ scales and pain severity.

Conclusion:

The results indicated that dysmenorrhea was highly prevalent among female medical students and is a major problem affecting their life. A variety of treatments is available for dysmenorrhea but most of the participants did not seek medical advice and they used self-care strategies. However, further studies focusing on health education and routine screening for menstrual problems are recommended.
Internationalization by State-owned Enterprises (SOEs) and Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) after the 2008 Crisis. Looking for Generalizations
Authors: Götz Marta , Jankowska Barbara
Published: July 2016

This paper seeks to detect (post) crisis tendencies in the international activities of state-owned enterprises (SOE) and sovereign wealth funds (SWF) and identify the main challenges posed in exploring this topic. In doing so it draws on the inductive approach and qualitative method and discusses available studies on recent internalization trends in SOEs and SWFs. The number of SWFs worldwide has been rising since 2008, despite the 2008 crisis which brought heavy losses and negative publicity that caused a rerouting of funds towards domestic purposes. The long-term perspective adopted by SWFs is expected to make less vulnerable to financial market volatility, which should stimulate FDI. SOTNCs are a minority among SOEs in general, i.e. only a fraction of SOEs worldwide can be labeled as state-owned transnational companies; and no exceptional impact of the 2008 crisis is apparent in their functioning The review of selected literature and UNCTAD survey reports is the basis for our conclusions and suggestions for future research avenues.
Selected Issues in Innovation in the Energy Industry. The Case of Poland
Authors: Nyga-Łukaszewska Honorata
Published: July 2016

Innovation determines the competitiveness of companies and countries. Innovative products and processes have revolutionized the world economy, and are particularly important in the energy industry. Demand for energy innovation originates from resource scarcity, a surge in energy consumption and stringent environmental regulations. The objective of this paper is to examine the application of selected energy-related innovations in Poland. The analysis is based on the database of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Our analysis covers the period 2009–2014, as extended by limited data availability. From it, we conclude that Poland performed well in selected energy-related innovations. This study extends knowledge concerning the link between energy efficiency/renewables and innovation.
Predictions of the Ejected Water Mass from Shallow Depth Explosion Plumes
Authors: Szymczak William G. , Gamache Raymond M.
Published: July 2016

A study is presented showing results of predictions of the amount of water ejected from shallow depth explosions. Measurements of the Equivalent Water Length (EWL) are determined by integrating the density along a horizontal line through the plume. These EWL values are important for the assessment of the viability of using plumes as an effective water barrier for vessel defense. The predictions are obtained using a model based on a generalized formulation of hydrodynamics using an incompressible liquid assumption. This formulation is well suited for predicting long-time bubble and plume dynamics and has been previously validated on a variety of applications including water plume predictions. The purpose of this study is to obtain estimates for EWL values at specified heights, the time length that these levels persist during the plume evolution, as well as estimates for the effects of charge depth and size.
The Personalities of Significant Others in Association with Regular Drinking in Adolescence
Authors: Sarov Georgi M.
Published: July 2016

It is well known that some psychological features of adolescents are positively associated with alcohol drinking but less attention is paid to the psychological features of their significant others. The aim of the study was to describe a common psychological profile of significant others to regularly alcohol drinking adolescents. A survey was conducted using an original questionnaire, which classifying alcohol drinking as regular, social (incidental) and abstinence. Of 903 students (aged 15-19), 169 identified themselves as regular drinkers (RDA) and 279 - as abstainers (NDA). The significant others of these two groups were compared statistically in terms of a wide range of psychological features. It was found that RDAs were significantly more likely to have: fathers (OR=1.94; 95% Cl 1.04-3.62) and friends (OR=l .55; 95% Cl 1.02-2.36) that tended to avoid obligations in favor of pleasure; extravert friends (OR=1.55; 95% Cl 1.06-2.28) and lovers (OR=1.72; 95% Cl 1.14-2.59); impulsive lovers (OR=l .76; 95% Cl 2.86- 1.08), and obeying (OR=l .95; 95% Cl 1.01-3.80) friends; conventional fathers (OR=2.17; 95% Cl 1.27-3.72) and less likely to have independent mothers (OR=0.57; 95% Cl 0.32-0.99) and hardworking friends (OR=0.58; 0.35- 0.95). It seems that significant others of RDAs are less likely to exhibit models of rational reactions in everyday life that prevent adolescents from developing rational personality, thus making it possible to increase the probability of regular drinking in adolescence.
Hypothermia in a Patient Treated with Antipsychotics
Authors: Andreeva-Gateva Pavlina A. , Gatev Tzvetelin N. , Nachova Ralitza , Tafradjiiska-Hadjiolova Radka K. , Grozeva Maria
Published: July 2016

We present a case of 58-year-old female patent with a long-term history of paranoid schizophrenia treated with different antipsychotics. She died with sign and symptoms of hypothermia. Autopsy revealed an ischemic stroke. We could not exclude involvement of antipsychotic medications as culprits.
Mitigating the Effects of Fog Attenuation in FSO Communication Link Using Multiple Transceivers and EDFA
Authors: Singh Mehtab
Published: July 2016

Free Space Optics (FSO) technique is an advanced form of the wireless communication system capable of transmitting data at higher transmission rates with higher channel bandwidth and over longer link distances. One of the major challenges faced by FSO technology is the distortion of received signal due to atmospheric effects which degrade the performance of the communication link by increasing the bit error rate (BER). By implementing Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) in the FSO link, the degradation of the information signal due to atmospheric effects can be minimized. Also, by deploying spatial diversity technique in the FSO link, where multiple copies of the information signal are transmitted to increase the redundancy of the system, the system performance can be enhanced. In this paper, the performance of an FSO communication link has been analyzed under fog weather condition using a different number of Tx/Rx pairs and EDFA amplifier using OPTISYSTEM simulation software. Performance has been analyzed on the basis of Q Factor, SNR, BER, and total power of the received signal. Results show a significant improvement in the system performance by deploying multiple transceiver techniques.
Cyberbullying as a negative result of cyber-culture of Slovak children and adolescents: selected research findings
Authors: Hollá Katarína
Published: July 2016

Cyber-culture points out the life in cyberspace and goes beyond national cultures. It is particularly attractive for the young people who use Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) to express their attitudes, values, beliefs and thinking. Those do not need to be necessarily in accordance with the standards of an individual society. Cyberculture becomes dangerous. Great risk lies in cyberbullying that represents negative impact of cyber-culture on human behavior. The aim of the study is to detect cyberbullying as a negative impact of cyber-culture among of Slovak children and adolescents. The research was carried out on a sample of 1619 11-18-year old respondents (average age was 14.51). Results of cyberbullying research carried out using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) have proved the appropriateness of 3-latent-class module. Relative entropy of the module reached 0.915. It was demonstrated that 52.9% of respondents belonged to the group of uninvolved, 42.7% were victims and 4.4% were victims-aggressors. Being a negative consequence of cyber-culture, cyberbullying is a challenge that educators - including other assisting professions - face when educating children and adolescents to orientate in cyberspace, behave responsibly, express themselves in a way that would not interfere others’ integrity and identity (personal and virtual). The study was written under VEGA MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV č. 1/0244/15: “Detekcia a riešenie kyberšikany”.
Visual advertisements: a tool for English language teaching?
Authors: Babocká Mária
Published: July 2016

Advertising as one of the phenomena of modern times is often an inseparable, though undesirable part of our everyday lives. Current trends indicate that there are still more and more anglicisms, internationalisms, and particles of different cultures penetrating billboard advertisements in many towns and cities around the world, and Slovakia is no exception. The crucial question of this article is: How is it possible to use advertisements in English language teaching and learning? To answer this question, the examination is focused on: (1) defining the role and characteristic traits of advertisements; (2) searching for the linkage between the psychological principles of advertising and psychology of learning foreign languages; (3) the frequency of anglicisms and internationalisms in billboard advertisements in particular areas of selected Slovak cities; (4) concrete suggestions for teaching practice based on the previous findings.
Culture as a distinctive feature of an ethnic group (based on the example of translated handwritten literature of Polish-Lithuanian Tatar)
Authors: Kulwicka-Kamińska Joanna
Published: July 2016

The article is focused on Tatar ethnic group. It tries to show on its example, how one can be open on other cultures without losing one’s identity and how to persevere in a different cultural environment. It refers to Tatars’ religious writings as the source helpful in maintaining cultural identity. An example of connection between Tatar translations and European tradition of translation, is used to characterize both permeation of cultures and features which served to build cultural separateness of Tatars living in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Mathematics and Liberature: Fajfer’s Ten Letters
Authors: Matuszyk Łukasz
Published: July 2016

The article discusses liberature in the context of its mathematical qualities. In this trend which inextricably connects the textual and physical layer of the work, each element in the book is expected to be created according to a certain formula which should bring a holistic piece of literature. After 1999, a great number of mathematically-oriented works have appeared which are strictly liberary. In the presentation, I base on the theoretical idea behind liberature when discussing Zenon Fajfer’s liberary work Ten Letters (Pol. Dwadzieścia jeden liter). This innovative piece is analysed mainly from the point of view of geometry and play with numbers, which is visible already in the title: the ten-letter phrase “ten letters.” Mathematical qualities are indicated on various layers of the piece: the physical, the textual, and the visual, but especially in its form. The game of numbers is found not only where it is obviously visible and essential to understand the message, but also in places which might not have been intended. Liberature is analysed as literature but at the same time, it is shown not to be literature, and in this respect, to be mathematical at the core.
The Middle-spotted Woodpecker Leiopicus medius in the Basque Country, Northern Spain: review of current ecological status
Authors: Fernández-García José María
Published: July 2016

Despite previous inventories and atlas of the avifauna in the Basque Country, Northern Spain, the dense population of the Middle-spotted Woodpecker Leiopicus medius in the Izki forest was not discovered until the 1990’s. This population mainly occupies a 3,700 ha Quercus pyrenaica forest, showing an average density of 0.89 territories/10 ha. The occurrence and abundance of territories is positively associated to the density of large caducifolious Quercus trees (>35 cm diameter). While nesting trees are apparently easily available, large trees for foraging could be a more limiting resource, given the historical exploitation regime of the forest. There are several other massifs in the region with smaller populations, but the functional connectivity, demographic and dispersal dynamics relating the core Izki and the peripheral areas have not been investigated. The conservation relevance of the Izki population in the Spanish context is high and given the need to understand the effects of forest management, future research should include spatial ecology, breeding performance as well as population monitoring.
Picidae in the European fossil, subfossil and recent bird faunas and their osteological characteristics
Authors: Kessler Jenő (Eugen)
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the European fossil, subfossil and recent representatives of the Picidae family. Following the list of fossil and subfossil remains, the author analyzes and presents images of the osteological characteristics of the order’s 10 recent European species.

Skeletal parts that are usually present both in the fossil and subfossil material were examined (mandibula, coracoideum, scapula, humerus, ulna, metacarpus, the first phalanx of the second finger of the wing, femur, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus and distal phalanx). The text is complemented with the bibliography concerning the fossilized material, tables and figures and a size chart.
Efficient Server-Aided Secure Two-Party Function Evaluation with Applications to Genomic Computation
Authors: Blanton Marina , Bayatbabolghani Fattaneh
Published: July 2016

Computation based on genomic data is becoming increasingly popular today, be it for medical or other purposes. Non-medical uses of genomic data in a computation often take place in a server-mediated setting where the server offers the ability for joint genomic testing between the users. Undeniably, genomic data is highly sensitive, which in contrast to other biometry types, discloses a plethora of information not only about the data owner, but also about his or her relatives. Thus, there is an urgent need to protect genomic data. This is particularly true when the data is used in computation for what we call recreational non-health-related purposes. Towards this goal, in this work we put forward a framework for server-aided secure two-party computation with the security model motivated by genomic applications. One particular security setting that we treat in this work provides stronger security guarantees with respect to malicious users than the traditional malicious model. In particular, we incorporate certified inputs into secure computation based on garbled circuit evaluation to guarantee that a malicious user is unable to modify her inputs in order to learn unauthorized information about the other user’s data. Our solutions are general in the sense that they can be used to securely evaluate arbitrary functions and offer attractive performance compared to the state of the art. We apply the general constructions to three specific types of genomic tests: paternity, genetic compatibility, and ancestry testing and implement the constructions. The results show that all such private tests can be executed within a matter of seconds or less despite the large size of one’s genomic data.
Lower-Cost ∈-Private Information Retrieval
Authors: Toledo Raphael R. , Danezis George , Goldberg Ian
Published: July 2016

Private Information Retrieval (PIR), despite being well studied, is computationally costly and arduous to scale. We explore lower-cost relaxations of information-theoretic PIR, based on dummy queries, sparse vectors, and compositions with an anonymity system. We prove the security of each scheme using a flexible differentially private definition for private queries that can capture notions of imperfect privacy. We show that basic schemes are weak, but some of them can be made arbitrarily safe by composing them with large anonymity systems.
Polynomial Batch Codes for Efficient IT-PIR
Authors: Henry Ryan
Published: July 2016

Private information retrieval (PIR) is a way for clients to query a remote database without the database holder learning the clients’ query terms or the responses they generate. Compelling applications for PIR are abound in the cryptographic and privacy research literature, yet existing PIR techniques are notoriously inefficient. Consequently, no such PIRbased application to date has seen real-world at-scale deployment. This paper proposes new “batch coding” techniques to help address PIR’s efficiency problem. The new techniques exploit the connection between ramp secret sharing schemes and efficient information-theoretically secure PIR (IT-PIR) protocols. This connection was previously observed by Henry, Huang, and Goldberg (NDSS 2013), who used ramp schemes to construct efficient “batch queries” with which clients can fetch several database records for the same cost as fetching a single record using a standard, non-batch query. The new techniques in this paper generalize and extend those of Henry et al. to construct “batch codes” with which clients can fetch several records for only a fraction the cost of fetching a single record using a standard non-batch query over an unencoded database. The batch codes are highly tuneable, providing a means to trade off (i) lower server-side computation cost, (ii) lower server-side storage cost, and/or (iii) lower uni- or bi-directional communication cost, in exchange for a comparatively modest decrease in resilience to Byzantine database servers.
Data-plane Defenses against Routing Attacks on Tor
Authors: Tan Henry , Sherr Micah , Zhou Wenchao
Published: July 2016

Tor is susceptible to traffic correlation attacks in which an adversary who observes flows entering and leaving the anonymity network can apply statistical techniques to correlate flows and de-anonymize their endpoints. While an adversary may not be naturally positioned to conduct such attacks, a recent study shows that the Internet’s control-plane can be manipulated to increase an adversary’s view of the network, and consequently, improve its ability to perform traffic correlation. This paper explores, in-depth, the effects of control-plane attacks on the security of the Tor network. Using accurate models of the live Tor network, we quantify Tor’s susceptibility to these attacks by measuring the fraction of the Tor network that is vulnerable and the advantage to the adversary of performing the attacks. We further propose defense mechanisms that protect Tor users from manipulations at the control-plane. Perhaps surprisingly, we show that by leveraging existing trust anchors in Tor, defenses deployed only in the data-plane are sufficient to detect most control-plane attacks. Our defenses do not assume the active participation of Internet Service Providers, and require only very small changes to Tor. We show that our defenses result in a more than tenfold decrease in the effectiveness of certain control-plane attacks.
The Right to be Forgotten in the Media: A Data-Driven Study
Authors: Xue Minhui , Magno Gabriel , Cunha Evandro , Almeida Virgilio , Ross Keith W.
Published: July 2016

Due to the recent “Right to be Forgotten” (RTBF) ruling, for queries about an individual, Google and other search engines now delist links to web pages that contain “inadequate, irrelevant or no longer relevant, or excessive” information about that individual. In this paper we take a data-driven approach to study the RTBF in the traditional media outlets, its consequences, and its susceptibility to inference attacks. First, we do a content analysis on 283 known delisted UK media pages, using both manual investigation and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). We find that the strongest topic themes are violent crime, road accidents, drugs, murder, prostitution, financial misconduct, and sexual assault. Informed by this content analysis, we then show how a third party can discover delisted URLs along with the requesters’ names, thereby putting the efficacy of the RTBF for delisted media links in question. As a proof of concept, we perform an experiment that discovers two previously-unknown delisted URLs and their corresponding requesters. We also determine 80 requesters for the 283 known delisted media pages, and examine whether they suffer from the “Streisand effect,” a phenomenon whereby an attempt to hide a piece of information has the unintended consequence of publicizing the information more widely. To measure the presence (or lack of presence) of a Streisand effect, we develop novel metrics and methodology based on Google Trends and Twitter data. Finally, we carry out a demographic analysis of the 80 known requesters. We hope the results and observations in this paper can inform lawmakers as they refine RTBF laws in the future.
Listening to Whispers of Ripple: Linking Wallets and Deanonymizing Transactions in the Ripple Network
Authors: Moreno-Sanchez Pedro , Zafar Muhammad Bilal , Kate Aniket
Published: July 2016

The decentralized I owe you (IOU) transaction network Ripple is gaining prominence as a fast, low-cost and efficient method for performing same and cross-currency payments. Ripple keeps track of IOU credit its users have granted to their business partners or friends, and settles transactions between two connected Ripple wallets by appropriately changing credit values on the connecting paths. Similar to cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, while the ownership of the wallets is implicitly pseudonymous in Ripple, IOU credit links and transaction flows between wallets are publicly available in an online ledger. In this paper, we present the first thorough study that analyzes this globally visible log and characterizes the privacy issues with the current Ripple network. In particular, we define two novel heuristics and perform heuristic clustering to group wallets based on observations on the Ripple network graph. We then propose reidentification mechanisms to deanonymize the operators of those clusters and show how to reconstruct the financial activities of deanonymized Ripple wallets. Our analysis motivates the need for better privacy-preserving payment mechanisms for Ripple and characterizes the privacy challenges faced by the emerging credit networks.
MUC1 immunotherapy against a metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma model: Importance of IFN-gamma
Authors: Lees Catherine J. , Smorodinsky Nechama , Horn Galit , Wreschner Daniel H. , McKenzie Ian F.C. , Pietersz Geoffrey , Stojanovska Lily , Apostolopoulos Vasso
Published: July 2016

Immunotherapy using mucin 1 (MUC1) linked to oxidised mannan (MFP) was investigated in an aggressive MUC1+ metastatic tumour, DA3-MUC1 because, unlike many MUC1+ tumour models, DA3-MUC1 is not spontaneously rejected in mice making it an alternative model for immunotherapy studies. Further, DA3-MUC1 cells are resistant to lysis by anti-MUC1 cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). The inability of DA3-MUC1 tumours to be rejected in naïve mice as well as vaccination to MUC1 was attributed to a deficiency of expression of MHC class I molecules on the tumour cell surface. In vitro and in vivo analysis of subcutaneous tumours and lung metastases demonstrated that DA3-MUC1 tumour cells have a low expression (< 6%) of MHC class I which can be upregulated (> 90%) following culturing with IFN-γ. Results from flow cytometry analysis and immunoperoxidase staining indicated that the in vitro up-regulation of MHC class I could be maintained for up to seven days in vivo, without affecting the expression levels of MUC1 antigen. Interestingly, MUC1-specific CTL that lyse DA3-MUC1 targets in vitro were induced in MFP immunised mice but failed to protect mice from a DA3-MUC1 tumour challenge. These results highlight the importance of MHC class I molecules in the induction of anti-tumour immunity and the MFP immune response.
Biosimilar medical products – licensing, pharmacovigilance and interchangeability
Authors: Grozdanova Aleksandra , Netkovska Katerina Ancevska , Sterjev Zoran , Naumovska Zorica , Zarevski Rubin , Dimovski Aleksandar , Suturkova Ljubica
Published: July 2016

The use of biological medicine has significantly increased in recent decades and has made substantial contributions to improving the effectiveness of therapies in many diseases. The expiration of patents of biological innovative medicines enables copies of those drugs called similar biological products (biosimilars) to be approved by regulatory authorities and to enter in clinical use. Biosimilars are comparable but not identical and are not a generic version of the innovator biological product. Although biosimilars undergo rigorous characterization as well as clinical studies to prove their safety and effectiveness, specific regulatory requirements for registration apply in the case of biosimilars. They are highly complex molecules and small changes in the production process can have major implications in its safety and effectiveness profile. The availability of biosimilars enhances competition, with the potential to improve patient access to biological medicines and to contribute to the financial sustainability of healthcare systems. In order to be certain that a biosimilar reaches its potential in clinical use, an intensive pharmacovigilance monitoring system must be established in order to prove the true similarity between the original biologic and its biosimilar. There is a need for further guidance and resolution of the ongoing discussions on biosimilar labelling, naming, pharmacovigilance and substitution in order to ensure effective and appropriate use of biosimilars in clinical practice.
Doppler velocimetry of the uterine arteries: an early screening test for miscarriage
Authors: Trayanov Ilian , Dimitrakova Elena
Published: July 2016

Introduction: According to the WHO, miscarriage is defined as “the loss of a pregnancy before the age of 20 weeks of gestation or fetal weight below 500 g”. Only 50–60% of all conceptions fail to survive 20 weeks of gestation. It is estimated that about 75% of all unsuccessful conceptions are due to failed implantation and are not reported as spontaneous abortions.

Material and Methods: We performed a prospective observational study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Medical University Plovdiv between October 2014 and September 2015. We studied two groups of pregnant women: women with threatened abortion and those with normal pregnancy. All women underwent a transvaginal ultrasound evaluation of the uterine arterial blood flow. We measured peak systolic and end-diastolic velocity and calculated the average IR (resistance index) and S / D (systolic to diastolic ratio).

Results: There was no association between pregnancy outcome and the mean difference between uterine arterial IR and S / (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: In our study, Doppler ultrasound could not differentiate between women at risk for miscarriage and normal women. Further studies are necessary to answer this question.