bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of “Internet+” in the Ageing Adaptation of Elderly People with Disabilities at Home
Authors: Juan Huang , Li Li , Jiasong Mai , Lifang Zhang , Baoying Huang
Published: December 2021

This paper focuses on the role of the Internet in empowering social work to intervene in ageing-in-place services for the disabled elderly in terms of time, space, and resources. Through the practical analysis of home care service providers, the advantages and characteristics of the “Internet” for ageing-in-place services for the disabled elderly are identified, as well as some of the problems that exist in the current intelligent home care service platform. This paper proposes to improve and optimize the “Internet+” by fully enhancing the technical empowerment of the Internet, improving the integration and spanning of space, and giving full play to the role of social work on the Internet. This paper proposes to improve and optimize the “Internet+” elderly home care services for the disabled, so as to solve to a certain extent the practical problems faced by the “Internet+” elderly home care services in the early stage of development. The significance of this paper is that, through the study of the “Internet+” home care services for the elderly with disabilities, the process of the services is sorted out and summarized, and suggestions and measures are put forward for its shortcomings, providing practical methods and feasible paths for future generations, which are of great significance for other social work agencies using Internet tools.
Fault Detection Method and Simulation Based on Abnormal Data Analysis in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Chen Xiaogang
Published: December 2021

With the rapid development of Internet of things and information technology, wireless sensor network technology is widely used in industrial monitoring. However, limited by the architecture characteristics, software and hardware characteristics, and complex external environmental factors of wireless sensor networks, there are often serious abnormalities in the monitoring data of wireless sensor networks, which further affect the judgment and response of users. Based on this, this paper optimizes and improves the fault detection algorithm of related abnormal data analysis in wireless sensor networks from two angles and verifies the algorithm at the same time. In the first level, aiming at the problem of insufficient spatial cooperation faced by the network abnormal data detection level, this paper first establishes a stable neighbor screening model based on the wireless network and filters and analyzes the reliability of the network cooperative data nodes and then establishes the detection data stability evaluation model by using the spatiotemporal correlation corresponding to the data nodes. Realize abnormal data detection. On the second level, aiming at the problem of wireless network abnormal event detection, this paper proposes a spatial clustering optimization algorithm, which mainly clusters the detection data flow in the wireless network time window through the clustering algorithm, and analyzes the clustering data, so as to realize the detection of network abnormal events, so as to retain the characteristics of events and further classify the abnormal data events. This paper will verify the realizability and superiority of the improved optimization algorithm through simulation technology. Experiments show that the fault detection rate based on abnormal data analysis is as high as 97%, which is 5% higher than the traditional fault detection rate. At the same time, the corresponding fault false detection rate is low and controlled below 1%. The efficiency of this algorithm is about 10% higher than that of the traditional algorithm.
Food Safety Practices and Associated Factors among Food Handlers of Fiche Town, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Teferi Samuel Chane , Sebsibe Israel , Adibaru Birhanu
Published: December 2021

Background. Foodborne diseases remain a major public health problem globally, but the problem is severe in developing countries like Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess food safety practices and associated factors among food handlers of Fiche town. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 food handlers working in food and drink establishments. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire and observational checklist. Data were entered and coded into SPSS for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictor variables associated with the practice of food handlers (

p
<
0.05

). Result. 61.6% of food handlers knew the potential risk of contaminating food with dirty hands, and 70% washed hands with soap before working with food. 52.8% of food handlers covered the hair with restraints. 66.8% of food handlers used outer garments, and the majority of food handlers (71.1%) had a trimmed fingernail. Two hundred thirteen (50.5%) of food handlers had good food handling practices. Medical checkup (AOR = 3.16; 95% CI 1.89, 5.26), sanitary inspection (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI 1.16, 2.69), knowledge (AOR = 2.31; 95% CI 1.53, 3.48), service year (AOR = 3.11; 95% CI 1.53, 6.31), and educational status (AOR = 3.42, 95% CI 1.29, 9.04) were found to be significantly associated with food handling practices. Conclusion. The food handlers should take various training concerning food hygiene and safety to enhance their knowledge and practice. Regular sanitary inspection of food and drink establishments is recommended.
An Unscented Kalman Filter-Based Method for Reconstructing Vehicle Trajectories at Signalized Intersections
Authors: Mu Jiantao , Han Yin , Zhang Cheng , Yao Jiao , Zhao Jing
Published: December 2021

On-board data of detected vehicles play a critical role in the management of urban road traffic operation and the estimation of traffic status. Unfortunately, due to limitations of technology and privacy issues, the sampling frequency of the detected vehicle data is low and the coverage is also limited. Continuous vehicle trajectories cannot be obtained. To overcome the above problems, this paper proposes an unscented Kalman filter (UKF)-based method to reconstruct the trajectories at signalized intersections using sparse probe data of vehicles. We first divide the intersection into multiple road sections and use a quadratic programming problem to estimate the travel time of each section. The weight of each initial possible trajectory is calculated separately, and the trajectory is updated using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF); then, the trajectory between two updates is also obtained accordingly. Finally, the method is applied to the actual scenario provided by the NGSIM data and compared with the real trajectory. The mean absolute error (MAE) is adopted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed trajectory reconstruction. Sensitivity analysis is provided in order to provide the requirement of sampling frequency to obtain highly accurate reconstructed vehicle trajectories under this method. The results demonstrate the applicability of the technique to the signalized intersection. Therefore, the method enables us to obtain richer and more accurate trajectory data information, providing a strong prior basis for future urban road traffic management and scholars using trajectory data for various studies.
Research on Privacy Data Protection Based on Trusted Computing and Blockchain
Authors: Zhu Linkai , Peng Sheng , Cai Zhiming , Liu Wenjian , He Chunjiang , Tang Weikang
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the problems of low protection accuracy and long time consumption in traditional privacy data protection methods, a privacy data protection method based on trusted computing and blockchain is proposed. Set up the Internet node secure transmission protocol through the trusted node uplink transmission protocol and the downlink transmission protocol, and according to the transmission protocol, combined with the blockchain technology, the ECC elliptic curve encryption algorithm is used to encrypt the amount of data existing in the blockchain, and the AES symmetric encryption algorithm is used to encrypt the private data that exists in the nonblockchain, thereby completing the protection of network private data. The simulation experiment results show that the privacy data protection accuracy of the proposed method is higher and the work efficiency is faster.
IL-38 Alleviates Inflammation in Sepsis in Mice by Inhibiting Macrophage Apoptosis and Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Ge Yun , Chen Juan , Hu Yanting , Chen Xinyi , Huang Man
Published: December 2021

Interleukin- (IL-) 38 is an emerging cytokine with multiple functions involved in infection and immunity. However, the potential role of IL-38 in the host immune response during sepsis remains elusive. Herein, we investigated if macrophages in septic mice express IL-38, the molecular mechanisms behind its expression, and the downstream effects of its expression. In mouse peritoneal macrophages, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulated IL-38 and its receptor IL-36R, and the resulting IL-38 shifted macrophages from a M1 to M2 phenotype. Moreover, exposure to IL-38 alone was sufficient to inhibit macrophage apoptosis and LPS-driven activation of the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. These effects were partly abrogated by IL-38 downregulation. In septic mice, IL-38 markedly lowered serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and greatly improved survival. Conversely, IL-38 blockade aggravated their mortality. Collectively, these findings present IL-38 as a potent immune modulator that restrains the inflammatory response by suppressing macrophage apoptosis and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. IL-38 may help protect organs from sepsis-related injury.
A Unique Presentation of Metastatic Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Tian Yuqian , Luu Carrie , Carpenter Danielle H. , Montenegro Grace
Published: December 2021

Gallbladder carcinoma can be challenging to diagnose and treat and usually leads to poor outcome, due to its aggressive nature and the nonspecific clinical presentation at early stage. We describe an interesting case of a 60-year-old female who presented with stage 3 appendiceal carcinoma after appendectomy was performed outside hospital. Further imaging workup demonstrated enlarged ovarian cysts and porcelain gallbladder. Upon exploration, she was found to have carcinomatosis and we proceeded with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal therapy (HIPEC). Final pathology demonstrated carcinoma from gallbladder primary.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber‐Reinforced Concrete with High Content of Stone Powder at High Temperatures
Authors: Xu Lina , Song Daohan , Liu Ning , Tian Wei
Published: December 2021

Concrete materials are an important part of global structure, and their fire resistance directly affects the safety of buildings and tunnels. In this study, basalt fiber was used to reinforce concrete with high content of stone powder in order to enhance its high‐temperature performance. The mechanical properties and ultrasonic characteristics at different temperatures were studied using the cube compressive strength test and nonlinear ultrasonic test. The results indicated that the addition of basalt fiber in specimens improved their compressive strength; however, this strength did not continuously increase with increases in the fiber length and fiber content, and the optimal values for fiber length and fiber content were determined to be 12 mm and 1 kg/m3 at 600°C, respectively. With increases in temperature, the unconfined compressive strength increased first and then decreased. When the temperature was 400°C, the unconfined compressive strength of the specimens reached their highest values and then decreased. When the temperature was 400°C and 600°C, the strength of the stone powder concrete with fiber was higher than that without fiber, which shows that fiber can improve the mechanical properties of concrete at high temperatures. Based on the Box‐Behnken design (BBD) method, the unconfined compressive strength response regression model of basalt fiber‐reinforced concrete with high content of stone powder, which follows parameters including fiber content, fiber length, and temperature at high‐temperature environments, was established, and it was found that the interaction of fiber content, fiber length, and the temperature was significant based on multifactor interaction analysis. The analysis of ultrasonic signals based on the S transform showed that, with increases in temperature, the amplitudes of the acoustic response signals, the corresponding frequency spectrum, and the time‐frequency spectrum were clearly reduced. At the same temperature, the amplitudes of the acoustic response signals of different concrete testing blocks did not change much and remained at the same level.
Intelligent Classification Method of Low Occupancy Big Data Based on Grid Index
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Li Shuangxi
Published: December 2021

In order to enhance the load balance in the big data storage process and improve the storage efficiency, an intelligent classification method of low occupancy big data based on grid index is studied. A low occupancy big data classification platform was built, the infrastructure layer was designed using grid technology, grid basic services were provided through grid system management nodes and grid public service nodes, and grid application services were provided using local resource servers and enterprise grid application services. Based on each server node in the infrastructure layer, the basic management layer provides load forecasting, image backup, and other functional services. The application interface layer includes the interfaces required for the connection between the platform and each server node, and the advanced access layer provides the human-computer interaction interface for the operation of the platform. Finally, based on the obtained main structure, the depth confidence network is constructed by stacking several RBM layers, the new samples are expanded by adding adjacent values to obtain the mean value, and the depth confidence network is used to classify them. The experimental results show that the load of different virtual machines in the low occupancy big data storage process is less than 40%, and the load of each virtual machine is basically the same, indicating that this method can enhance the load balance in the data storage process and improve the storage efficiency.
Real‐Time Wireless Sensor Network‐Assisted Smart Tourism Environment Suitability Assessment for Tourism IoT
Authors: Ding Min , Xu Yingda
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we conduct an in‐depth study and analysis of the suitability of real‐time wireless sensor network‐assisted smart tourism environment for tourism IoT and evaluate its suitability. We use nodes in wireless sensor networks as relays and collaborative transmission using mutual information accumulation. Using riteless codes, nodes can accumulate information in advance to decode out the original text. Due to the mobility of mobile robots, the planned routing paths can fail quickly, so we propose a dynamic mutual information accumulation collaborative transmission algorithm. For both cases of information transmission from the cloud to the robot and from the robot to the cloud, we dynamically acquire routing paths using neighbour search and chance transmission, respectively. Experimental results show that our dynamic mutual information accumulation collaborative transfer algorithm has lower time complexity and latency. We use a cooperative transmission algorithm with mutual information accumulation, because wireless transmission has the nature of broadcasting, and all neighbour nodes can receive part of the information when the sender starts to transmit information. Riteless codes are used in single‐hop transmissions to improve the probability of successful transmissions. Since transmission failure requires waiting for the next neighbour to wake up, which consumes a lot of energy and time in a low duty cycle environment, using riteless codes to improve the transmission success rate of single‐hop transmissions can effectively improve the global transmission efficiency. Experimental results show that the opportunity routing algorithm using riteless codes has lower delay and energy consumption. The two major systems, surface, and underground are used to quantitatively measure 23 indicators in five subsystems, including geological environment, soil and water environment, sensitive geological bodies, groundwater resources, and mineral resources, to evaluate the two‐way grade of underground space development suitability, revealing the comprehensive bearing characteristics of the study area with an overall high bearing capacity of underground space resources and environment and an overall surplus of bearing status.
A Sleep Stage Classification Algorithm of Wearable System Based on Multiscale Residual Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Zhong Qinghua , Lei Haibo , Chen Qianru , Zhou Guofu
Published: December 2021

Sleep disorder is a serious public health problem. Unobtrusive home sleep quality monitoring system can better open the way of sleep disorder‐related diseases screening and health monitoring. In this work, a sleep stage classification algorithm based on multiscale residual convolutional neural network (MRCNN) was proposed to detect the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals detected by wearable systems and classify sleep stages. EEG signals were analyzed in each epoch of every 30 seconds, and then 5‐class sleep stage classification, wake (W), rapid eye movement sleep (REM), and nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM) including N1, N2, and N3 stages was outputted. Good results (accuracy rate of 92.06% and 91.13%, Cohen’s kappa of 0.7360 and 0.7001) were achieved with 5‐fold cross‐validation and independent subject cross‐validation, respectively, which performed on European Data Format (EDF) dataset containing 197 whole‐night polysomnographic sleep recordings. Compared with several representative deep learning methods, this method can easily obtain sleep stage information from single‐channel EEG signals without specialized feature extraction, which is closer to clinical application. Experiments based on CinC2018 dataset also proved that the method has a good performance on large dataset and can provide support for sleep disorder‐related diseases screening and health surveillance based on automatic sleep staging.
Multislice Spiral CT Imaging Localization and Nursing Care of Catheter Fracture of Scalp Vein Indwelling Needle
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Yanhong , Zhang Lifen
Published: December 2021

In order to improve the success rate of scalp venous indwelling needles in infants, image positioning and nursing of scalp venous indwelling needle catheters broken with multislice spiral CT were discussed. In this method, three-dimensional reconstruction of multislice spiral CT was used to diagnose and locate the broken catheter according to the anatomical morphology of the indwelling needle, and the treatment and related nursing were carried out. The results showed that the body temperature was 38.7°C, the pulse was 106 times/min, the respiration was 30 times/min, and the body weight was 15 kg. Laboratory examination: the percentage of leukocytes was 10.00 × 10/L, the percentage of lymphocytes was 24.8%, and the percentage of neutrophils was 63.7%. Head CT examination: no obvious abnormalities were observed. 31.9% of children diagnosed with hyperfebrile convulsions had good image quality after treatment with MSCT for catheter fracture of scalp vein indwelling needle; good quality was 52.8%, and barely diagnosed was 12.1%. Multiple post-treatment functions of MSCT have important value in the application of three-dimensional localization of foreign bodies in soft tissues in children and play a more important role in the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of foreign bodies. Appropriate nursing care for children in the image location examination has very important guiding significance.
Vibration Isolation System with Kalman Filter Estimated Acceleration Feedback: An Approach of Negative Stiffness Control
Authors: Shahadat Mhia Md Zaglul , Mizuno Takeshi , Takasaki Masaya , Rashid Fazlur , Ishino Yuji
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the isolation of vibration through the acceleration feedback of the Kalman filter. In this paper, vibration isolation was analyzed both analytically and experimentally through the estimation of the Kalman filter (KF). A negative stiffness mechanism was used to reduce the level of vibration for the developed dynamic system. The technique of negative stiffness can provide stiffness of infinite level to low stiffness as well as disturbance generated by the ground vibration directly. The performance of an isolation system through a mechanism of negative stiffness was improved by the addition of acceleration feedback. Acceleration was measured using a microelectromechanical (MEMS) type accelerometer instead of traditional servo type accelerometers due to lower cost. However, the output of a microelectromechanical (MEMS) type accelerometer is usually noisy. To avoid this difficulty, an acceleration that was estimated by a Kalman filter was considered in the acceleration feedback instead of directly measured acceleration. The dynamic behaviors of the system were compared for both the Kalman‐filtered acceleration and the directly measured acceleration feedback. It is observed that the former has a significant effect on the improvement of the characteristics of the vibration isolation systems than later.
An Algorithm Using DBSCAN to Solve the Velocity Dealiasing Problem
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Qinglan , Jin Kuifeng
Published: December 2021

Velocity dealiasing is an essential task for correcting the radial velocity data collected by Doppler radar. To improve the accuracy of velocity dealiasing, traditional dealiasing algorithms usually set a series of empirical thresholds, combine three- or four-dimensional data, or introduce other observation data as a reference. In this study, we transform the velocity dealiasing problem into a clustering problem and solve this problem using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) method. This algorithm is verified with a case study involving radar data on the tropical cyclone Mangkhut in 2018. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is close to that of the four-dimensional dealiasing (4DD) method proposed by James and Houze; yet, it only requires two-dimensional velocity data and eliminates the need for other reference data. The results of the case study also show that the 4DD algorithm filters out many observation gates close to the missing data or radar center, whereas the proposed algorithm tends to retain and correct these gates.
Research on Visual Management Technology of Tunnel Construction Process Based on BIM Technology
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wang Chuang , Yuan Bingxiang , Chen Minjie , Lv Jianbing
Published: December 2021

In order to achieve more efficient management of BIM technology in the field of tunnel construction, this paper took Zhuhai Dahengqinshan No. 1 Tunnel as the project background and studied the visualization management technology of tunnel construction process based on BIM technology. Firstly, we created the 3D geological model and tunnel BIM model by using Revit, 3dsmax, and other software. Secondly, the detailed design was carried out, and there was no gap in the model after the detailed design was checked by ABAQUS software. Then, we checked the problems between disciplines and conducted collision inspection in the model. Finally, we carried out the 4D construction progress simulation to solve the conflict between time and space in the whole life cycle of tunnel construction. The results revealed that the deepening design could optimize the design scheme of tunnel construction engineering. Collision inspection directly exposed problems such as unscientific site layout. 4D construction schedule management could not only realize the visualization of field construction process but also improve the quality of project management compared with traditional means. The research results provide technical experience for the visualization management of tunnel construction.
Loss of Integrin-Linked Kinase Sensitizes Breast Cancer to SRC Inhibitors
Authors: Beetham Henry , Griffith Billie G.C. , Murina Olga , Loftus Alexander E.P. , Parry David A. , Temps Carolin , Culley Jayne , Muir Morwenna , Unciti-Broceta Asier , Sims Andrew H. , Byron Adam , Brunton Valerie G.
Published: December 2021

SRC is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase with key roles in breast cancer development and progression. Despite this, SRC tyrosine kinase inhibitors have so far failed to live up to their promise in clinical trials, with poor overall response rates. We aimed to identify possible synergistic gene–drug interactions to discover new rational combination therapies for SRC inhibitors. An unbiased genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen in a model of triple-negative breast cancer revealed that loss of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and its binding partners α-Parvin and PINCH-1 sensitizes cells to bosutinib, a clinically approved SRC/ABL kinase inhibitor. Sensitivity to bosutinib did not correlate with ABL dependency; instead, bosutinib likely induces these effects by acting as a SRC tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo models showed that loss of ILK enhanced sensitivity to eCF506, a novel and highly selective inhibitor of SRC with a unique mode of action. Whole-genome RNA sequencing following bosutinib treatment in ILK knockout cells identified broad changes in the expression of genes regulating cell adhesion and cell–extracellular matrix. Increased sensitivity to SRC inhibition in ILK knockout cells was associated with defective adhesion, resulting in reduced cell number as well as increased G1 arrest and apoptosis. These findings support the potential of ILK loss as an exploitable therapeutic vulnerability in breast cancer, enhancing the effectiveness of clinical SRC inhibitors.

Significance:

A CRISPR-Cas9 screen reveals that loss of integrin-linked kinase synergizes with SRC inhibition, providing a new opportunity for enhancing the clinical effectiveness of SRC inhibitors in breast cancer.
A Summary of the Inaugural WHO Classification of Pediatric Tumors: Transitioning from the Optical into the Molecular Era
Authors: Pfister Stefan M. , Reyes-Múgica Miguel , Chan John K.C. , Hasle Henrik , Lazar Alexander J. , Rossi Sabrina , Ferrari Andrea , Jarzembowski Jason A. , Pritchard-Jones Kathy , Hill D. Ashley , Jacques Thomas S. , Wesseling Pieter , López Terrada Dolores H. , von Deimling Andreas , Kratz Christian P. , Cree Ian A. , Alaggio Rita
Published: December 2021

Pediatric tumors are uncommon, yet are the leading cause of cancer-related death in childhood. Tumor types, molecular characteristics, and pathogenesis are unique, often originating from a single genetic driver event. The specific diagnostic challenges of childhood tumors led to the development of the first World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Pediatric Tumors. The classification is rooted in a multilayered approach, incorporating morphology, IHC, and molecular characteristics. The volume is organized according to organ sites and provides a single, state-of-the-art compendium of pediatric tumor types. A special emphasis was placed on “blastomas,” which variably recapitulate the morphologic maturation of organs from which they originate.

Significance:

In this review, we briefly summarize the main features and updates of each chapter of the inaugural WHO Classification of Pediatric Tumors, including its rapid transition from a mostly microscopic into a molecularly driven classification systematically taking recent discoveries in pediatric tumor genomics into account.
Colon Cancer: An Unusual Presentation with a Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Authors: Almasoud Reham , Alloush Rasha , Al-Ozaibi Labib
Published: December 2021

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rheumatological disorder characterized by proximal myositis and distinctive dermatological manifestations. It can be an isolated clinical syndrome or, in rarer cases, can be the initial presentation for an underlying malignancy as a part of a paraneoplastic syndrome. In this case report, we describe a case of a 51-year-old lady who presented with proximal myopathy, typical DM skin rash, dysphagia, and markedly elevated creatine kinase. She was diagnosed with a seronegative DM and her malignancy screening revealed a mass in the ascending colon. During her hospital course, she also developed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, another paraneoplastic disorder typically associated with late stages of malignancy, manifested as hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and low fibrinogen. The patient received intravenous corticosteroids and underwent tumor resection with following resolution of her both rheumatological and hematological manifestation. Unfortunately, due to her general poor health, she developed sepsis and died in the hospital.
Effects of Fluid Therapy on Mesenteric Microcirculation Using New Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (Cellvizio®) in a Porcine Model of Endotoxic Shock
Authors: Daniere Charlotte , Louart Guillaume , Louart Benjamin , Bacle Marylène , Bazalgette Florian , Perez Martin Antonia , Muller Laurent , Lefrant Jean-Yves , Roger Claire
Published: December 2021

Background: Microcirculatory alterations have been observed at the early phase of sepsis, although macrocirculation seems preserved. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of crystalloid fluid therapy on mesenteric microcirculation, assessed by using the confocal laser endomicroscope Cellvizio®, in an endotoxic porcine model. Methods: It is a prospective endotoxic shock (lipopolysaccharide infusion) experimental trial. Piglets were divided into 3 groups: 6 in the sham group (no LPS injection, no fluid), 9 in the control group (LPS infusion, no fluid), and 6 in the crystalloids group (LPS infusion and fluid resuscitation with crystalloids). Fluid resuscitation consisted in a fluid bolus of 20 mL/kg 0.9% saline over 30 min followed by a 10 mL/kg/h fluid rate over 4 h. Mesenteric microcirculation was assessed using a confocal laser endomicroscope (Cellvizio®). Blood flow within capillaries was visually assessed according to the point of care microcirculation (POEM) score. Results: At baseline, the 3 groups were similar regarding hemodynamic, biological, and microcirculatory parameters. At T360, the POEM score significantly decreased in the control and crystalloids groups, whereas it remained unchanged in the sham group (respectively, 1.62 ± 1.06, 1.2 ± 0.45, and 5.0 ± 0, p = 0.011). There was no significant difference in cardiac output at T360 between the sham and crystalloids groups (3.1 ± 0.8 vs. 2.3 ± 0.6, p = 0.132) or between the control and crystalloids groups (2.0 ± 0.6 vs. 2.3 ± 0.6, p = 0.90). Conclusion: There was no significant improvement of microcirculatory alterations after crystalloids resuscitation despite improvement in macrocirculatory parameters in early experimental sepsis.
Efficacy and Safety of 4 Fractions of Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Study
Authors: Shibuya Kei , Katoh Hiroyuki , Koyama Yoshinori , Shiba Shintaro , Okamoto Masahiko , Okazaki Shohei , Araki Kenichiro , Kakizaki Satoru , Shirabe Ken , Ohno Tatsuya
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Prospective evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains lacking. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated C-ion RT in patients with HCC. Methods: The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) pathologically or clinically diagnosed HCC; (2) measurable tumor and tumor size ≤10 cm; (3) absence of major vascular invasion; (4) no extrahepatic metastasis; (5) the alimentary tract was not adjacent to the target lesion (>1 cm); (6) not suitable for or refusal to undergo surgery or local ablative therapies; (7) an interval ≥4 weeks from previous therapy; (8) no other intrahepatic lesion or at least 2 years after the previous curative therapy; (9) performance status score, 0–2; and (10) Child-Pugh score, 5–9. The prescribed C-ion RT dose was 52.8 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) or 60.0 Gy (RBE) in 4 fractions. Results: In total, 35 patients with HCC were enrolled between October 2010 and May 2016. The median follow-up durations in the survivor group (n = 23) and in the whole cohort were 55.1 and 49.0 months, respectively. The 2-, 3-, and 4-year overall survival rates were 82.8%, 76.7%, and 69.4%, respectively. The 2-, 3-, and 4-year local control (LC) rates were 92.6%, 76.5%, and 76.5%, respectively. The median time-to-progression was 25.6 months (95% confidence interval, 13.7–37.5 months). Grade 4 or 5 toxicities were not observed. Grade 3 acute and late toxicities were observed in 2 patients. There was no significant deterioration in serum albumin, bilirubin, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, platelet count, or Child-Pugh score after C-ion RT. Conclusion: Four fractions of C-ion RT for HCC did not yield serious adverse events and showed promising LC, thus making it a safe and effective modality for this type of malignancy.
Primary Small Cell Malignancies of the Breast: Are They Rare Malignancies?
Authors: Behzatoğlu Kemal , Schmitt Fernando
Published: December 2021

In contrast with the other organs such as the lung, small cell tumors have been less studied in the breast due to their relatively less frequency. Although rare, neuroendocrine neoplasms, some lymphomas, and some small cell sarcomas such as undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma can be seen in small cell morphology in the breast. Many cytological specimens such as fine-needle aspiration biopsies and touch imprint cytology are used for diagnosis and further prognostic/predictive marker determination in primary breast masses, sentinel and axillary lymph nodes, and metastatic masses. Lobular carcinoma deserves to be considered in the small cell tumor group because of its small, monomorphic, discohesive, scant cytoplasmic cytological features. Since so many different types of tumors in the breast can have small cell characteristics, they should be divided into small cell neuroendocrine tumors and small cell nonneuroendocrine tumors. When evaluating small cell breast tumors cytologically, wide tumor diversity should be kept in mind, and clinical, hematological, and radiological features should be taken into consideration.
GNRH1 Variants in Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Single-Center Experience and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Patil Virendra A. , Lila Anurag Ranjan , Shah Nalini , Ekbote Alka V. , Shah Ravikumar , Bhandare Vishwambhar Vishnu , Sarathi Vijaya , Arya Sneha , Memon Saba Samad , Kunwar Ambarish , Bandgar Tushar
Published: December 2021

Objective: As GNRH1 genotype-phenotype correlation in CHH is not well studied, we aim to describe the GNRH1 variants in our CHH cohort and present a systematic review as well as genotype-phenotype analysis of all mutation-positive cases reported in the world literature. Design: This is a retrospective study of GNRH1 mutation-positive patients from a western Indian center. PRISMA guidelines-based PubMed search of the published literature of all GNRH1 mutation-positive patients was conducted. Setting: This study was conducted in an academic medical center. Patient(s): This study included 2 probands from our cohort and 19 probands from the world literature. Main Outcome Measure(s): Demographic details, clinical presentation, biochemistry, imaging, treatment details, and genotypic data were recorded. Result(s): Two probands in our cohort carried two novel pathogenic biallelic GNRH1 variants (p.Glu24Leu, c.238-2A>G). Both had a severe reproductive phenotype. We report successful gonadotropin therapy and fertility in 1 proband. We included 19 probands from 12 studies after the literature review. Ten CHH probands (inclusive 2 from this study) with biallelic GNRH1 variants had severe reproductive phenotype, low gonadotropin levels, low/normal prolactin, normal pituitary imaging, and no extra-reproductive phenotype. Of seven biallelic variants reported, three were frameshift, two were splice-site, and two were missense mutations. All of them were pathogenic/likely pathogenic without oligogenicity. Of seven monoallelic GNRH1 variants reported in 11 probands, 4 had nonreproductive phenotype, 3 were benign/likely benign, and 4 were oligogenic. Conclusion(s): GNRH1 biallelic variants lead to severe reproductive phenotype, with low gonadotropin levels without nonreproductive features or oligogenicity. However, the role of GNRH1 monoallelic variants in CHH pathophysiology for reported variants remains questionable.
Freire, comunicação e tolerância na Índia
Authors: Thomas Pradip
Published: December 2021

Este artigo explora a contínua relevância de Freire para a educação e a ação cultural na Índia. Aborda as especificidades das contribuições de Freire, revendo as obras dos principais pedagogogos indianos, Tagore e Gandhi. Trata, ainda, do pensamento freiriano na conjuntura específica da política indiana, caracterizada pelo hipernacionalismo. A partir das experiências do autor com a práxis do teatro popular, o artigo discute os desafios da educação crítica na Índia contemporânea, no contexto de uma pandemia que escancarou a falta de acesso à educação e a exclusão digital. O artigo reforça a necessidade de compreensão do contexto e de uma abordagem esclarecida para uma educação que promova a tolerância como contraponto ao hipernacionalismo.
Saberes em movimento na biblioteca municipal de Juína – MT
Authors: Souza Marinete  Luzia Francisca de
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo, examinamos o projeto “Arte, Leitura e Cultura, uma bela mistura”, sediado na Biblioteca Municipal Profa. Maria Santana, em Juína – MT. O projeto tem recebido reconhecimento nacional e internacional por meio da participação em eventos e de premiações. Visa-se analisar o papel das ações desenvolvidas para a democratização de conhecimentos e a concepção de leitura que subjaz ao projeto analisado. Para a realização desta análise, entrevistamos a idealizadora do projeto e as ações desenvolvidas. Com foco, perpassamos a função das bibliotecas e o conceito de letramento, segundo Pereira (2009), Scribner e Cole (1981) utilizados como norteadores para o balizamento teórico deste estudo.
Preoperative Computed Tomography Angiography Reveals Leaflet-Specific Calcification and Excursion Patterns in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Chen Ian Y. , Vedula Vijay , Malik Sachin B. , Liang Tie , Chang Andrew Y. , Chung Kieran S. , Sayed Nazish , Tsao Philip S. , Giacomini John C. , Marsden Alison L. , Wu Joseph C.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Computed tomography–based evaluation of aortic stenosis (AS) by calcium scoring does not consider interleaflet differences in leaflet characteristics. Here, we sought to examine the functional implications of these differences.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the computed tomography angiograms of 200 male patients with degenerative calcific AS undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement and 20 male patients with normal aortic valves. We compared the computed tomography angiography (CTA)-derived aortic valve leaflet calcification load (AVLC
CTA
), appearance, and systolic leaflet excursion (LE
sys
) of individual leaflets. We performed computer simulations of normal valves to investigate how interleaflet differences in LE
sys
affect aortic valve area. We used linear regression to identify predictors of leaflet-specific calcification in patients with AS.

Results:

In patients with AS, the noncoronary cusp (NCC) carried the greatest AVLC
CTA
(365.9 [237.3–595.4] Agatston unit), compared to the left coronary cusp (LCC, 278.5 [169.2–478.8] Agatston unit) and the right coronary cusp (RCC, 240.6 [137.3–439.0] Agatston unit; both
P
<0.001). However, LCC conferred the least LE
sys
(42.8° [38.8°–49.0°]) compared to NCC (44.8° [41.1°–49.78°],
P
=0.001) and RCC (47.7° [42.0°–52.3°],
P
<0.001) and was more often characterized as predominantly thickened (23.5%) compared to NCC (12.5%) and RCC (16.5%). Computer simulations of normal valves revealed greater reductions in aortic valve area following closures of NCC (−32.2 [−38.4 to −25.8]%) and RCC (−35.7 [−40.2 to −32.9]%) than LCC (−24.5 [−28.5 to −18.3]%; both
P
<0.001). By linear regression, the AVLC
CTA
of NCC and RCC, but not LCC, predicted LE
sys
(both
P
<0.001) in patients with AS. Both ostial occlusion and ostial height of the right coronary artery predicted AVLC
CTA, RCC
(
P
=0.005 and
P
=0.001).

Conclusions:

In male patients, the AVLC
CTA
of NCC and RCC contribute more to AS than that of LCC. LCC’s propensity for noncalcific leaflet thickening and worse LE
sys
, however, should not be underestimated when using calcium scores to assess AS severity.
Back to the Iron Age Chronology in Southern Central Asia
Authors: Lyonnet Bertille , Fontugne Michel
Published: December 2021

The article reconsiders two major sites of the 1st millennium BC in southern Uzbekistan, Kyzyltepa and Kurganzol. It contests their recent dating – exclusively the Achaemenid and transitional Hellenistic period for the first one, and the end of the 4th c. BC for the second one – mainly based upon dendrochronological analyses relating the samples to the time of Alexander the Great’s conquest or slightly before, and ruling out the other dates given to these sites in previous publications. Our argumentation is based upon (1) various archaeological arguments and (2) scientific criteria that question the dendrochronological data and the supposed aging of the 14C results due to “old waters” from glaciers.
Displacement of Manuscripts, Printing Revolution and Rediscovering Islamic Classics
Authors: Din Mehraj
Published: December 2021

Taking as the starting point, Ahmed El-Shamsy’s new book Rediscovering the Islamic Classics is a comprehensive introduction to trace the historical trajectory of Islamic intellectual legacy. In this engaging yet pleasantly thought-out book El Shamsy intends to offer a fresh conversation on the massive loss of manuscripts, role of colonialism and its role in strengthening the Orientalist enterprise in Muslim World including the drain of manuscripts into Europe. Bringing to light the agents and events of the Islamic print revolution, this work is also an absorbing examination of the central role printing and its advocates played in the intellectual history of the modern Arab world. This review essay offers a contextual perspective and a detailed rationale behind the loss of manuscripts and unpacks some of the important debates behind the decline and restoration of Islam’s intellectual legacy.
Discourse on Pedagogy between Academy and the Public
Authors: du Plessis Amanda L.
Published: December 2021

This theoretical paper reviews the current theory about curriculum transformation and renewal in higher education in Africa and, in particular, South Africa. Although the findings are applicable to different universities, the pedagogical approach of North-West University will be the focus. The aim is to understand curriculum responsiveness pertaining to decolonisation and sustainable development that can align with the African Union’s proposed Agenda 2063. The epistemology is from a practical public theological paradigm. A single-system research method has been followed to integrate current research about tertiary education curriculum transformation with the latest practice theory. Three different aspects are explored, namely how Agenda 2063 is applicable to higher education in a post-colonial context, the fibre of human relations based on Nagy’s contextual theory, and the curriculum as a powerful tool for change. The paper concludes that lecturers and students can join forces in growing towards the Africa they want by active experiential student-centred pedagogy.
Juggling Several Balls at Once
Authors: Mueller Grace , Diehl Paul F. , Druckman Daniel
Published: December 2021

Peacekeeping during the Cold War was primarily, and in some cases exclusively, charged with monitoring cease-fires. This changed significantly, as peace operations evolved to include other missions (e.g., rule of law, election supervision), many under the rubric of peacebuilding. What is lacking is consideration of how the different missions affect one another, simultaneously and in sequences. This study addresses that gap by looking at the interconnectedness of missions and their success in the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), which was mandated to perform eight different missions over a decade. The article examines success or failure in each of those missions and how they relate to one another guided by theoretical logics based on the “security first” hypothesis and mission compatibility expectations. Early failure to stem the violence had negative downstream consequences for later peacebuilding missions. Nevertheless, MONUC’s election supervision mission was successful.
Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agriculture: Implications for Developing Members at the World Trade Organization
Authors: Das Abhijit , Sharma Sachin Kumar , Akhter Raihan , Lahiri Teesta
Published: December 2021

With rising levels of food and livelihood insecurity among poor farmers, many developing members at the World Trade Organization (WTO) are demanding a special safeguard mechanism (SSM) for shielding their agriculture from import surges and price declines. Similar to special agricultural safeguards (SSGs) which are available only to some members, SSM seeks to provide flexibility to developing members to breach the bound tariff in special cases of import surges and price dips. In this context, this study identifies the agricultural products facing import surges in eight selected developing members. The study evaluates the policy space available to selected members in terms of tariff overhang under their existing schedules as well as proposed tariff reductions under agriculture negotiations. Besides this, it critically scrutinizes various issues such as cross-check conditions, triggers and remedies in order to highlight the sensitivities of developing members in accessibility, effectiveness, and other technical aspects of SSM.
COVID-19, International Human Rights Law and the State-Corporate Complex
Authors: Ford Jolyon
Published: December 2021

Data-driven technologies (such as mobile phone-based tracing apps) have been at the forefront of public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we have also seen high-level expressions of concern about how state actions ostensibly in pursuit of public health goals have in fact greatly accelerated existing human rights concerns about newer technologies, especially increased state and corporate surveillance. This article explores issues at the nexus of COVID-19 public health responses, civil-political rights under international human rights law, and the responsible governance of data-driven technologies. In particular, it offers a framework to evaluate the human rights compatibility of tech-assisted COVID-related state measures. The articles also explore analogies between COVID-related measures and post-2001 counter-terrorism actions taken by states in the name of public security. It cautions against exceptional measures becoming hardwired in ways that may unreasonably impact on pre-COVID freedoms. The article argues that the blurring of state and corporate surveillance and data-gathering and the often symbiotic relationship between tech firms and governments (the ‘state-corporate complex’) complicate efforts to assert clear frames of responsibility.