bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control relation change into trust relationship in volunteering
Authors: Gudzinskiene Vida , Kurapkaitiene Neringa
Published: December 2020

The phenomenon of volunteering reveals itself through the time a person spends for volunteering, through the duration of the volunteering, the area in which volunteering occurs, and the age group of the volunteers. Object of the study – volunteering experiences of young adults. The issue of the research is how young adults experience volunteering in the social help field. The research is phenomenological and not focusing on any foreseen objectives, oriented to the experience of the volunteers. According to phenomenological approach, research methodology was Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In this article, part of the research is presented, giving deeper view on one of the super-ordinates theme, with the aim: to present change of control relation into the trust relationship with the Other in long term and full-time volunteering. In the study participated 6 research participants, 3 young men and 3 young women, 20 to 30 years old. To collect data of the research we used semi-structured interviews. Conclusions of the study, presented in this article, reveal: 1) The volunteers' experience of volunteering shows that the relationship of control in trying to fit the lives of met people into a personal imagination – what life should be like – changes through confrontation, surprise and even shock to discover authentic relationship of trust based no longer on appreciation but on intimacy and communion; 2) Hidden abilities of volunteers, new opportunities and self-disclosure are possible when a close relationship of trust is created; 3) Abandoning preconceptions about the Other and volunteering, the study participants changed the relationship of control to a relationship of trust. On that base, they began to volunteer in their environment without waiting for permission, instructions or other actions to legalize volunteering. As the relationship changed, as control shifted to a trust-based relationship with those around them, volunteers, realizing the experience, discovered the significance of volunteering, empowered by trust, and personal freedom and creativity; 4) The relativity of the study participants in volunteering was experienced dialogically, seeing the person and associating themselves with the person, and thus experiencing a constant interplay as ignorance, uncertainty, but at the same time as devotion and trust.
On-Ticagrelor Platelet Reactivity and Clinical Outcome in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Laine Marc , Panagides Vassili , Frère Corinne , Cuisset Thomas , Gouarne Caroline , Jouve Bernard , Lemesle Gilles , Paganelli Franck , Alessi Marie-Christine , Mancini Julien , Bonello Laurent
Published: December 2020

Background A strong association between on-thienopyridine platelet reactivity (PR) and the risk of both thrombotic and bleeding events in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been demonstrated. However, no study has analyzed the relationship between on-ticagrelor PR and clinical outcome in this clinical setting.

Objectives We aimed to investigate the relationship between on-ticagrelor PR, assessed by the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) index, and clinical outcome in patients with ACS undergoing PCI.

Methods We performed a prospective, multicenter, observational study of patients undergoing PCI for ACS. PR was measured using the VASP index following ticagrelor loading dose. The primary study endpoint was the rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type ≥2 at 1 year. The key secondary endpoint was the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and urgent revascularization.

Results We included 570 ACS patients, among whom 33.9% had ST-elevation myocardial infarction. BARC type ≥2 bleeding occurred in 10.9% and MACE in 13.8%. PR was not associated with BARC ≥2 or with MACE (p = 0.12 and p = 0.56, respectively). No relationship between PR and outcomes was observed, neither when PR was analyzed quantitatively nor when it was analyzed qualitatively (low on-treatment PR [LTPR] vs. no LTPR).

Conclusion On-ticagrelor PR measured by the VASP was not associated with bleeding or thrombotic events in ACS patients undergoing PCI. PR measured by the VASP should not be used as a surrogate endpoint in studies on ticagrelor.
Ki-67 Proliferative Activity in the Tumor Margins as a Robust Prognosis Factor in Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Tejada Sonia , Becerra-Castro Maria Victoria , Nuñez-Cordoba Jorge , Díez-Valle Ricardo
Published: December 2020

Introduction The infiltrative margin of glioblastomas (GBM) contains proliferative tumor cells difficult to estimate radiologically as they are included in the hyperintense signal of T2 sequences and they remain in the cavity margin after tumor resection. The amount of these cells could determine overall survival (OS) of these patients.

Material and Methods From October 2007 to January 2010, patients whose MRI were suggestive of newly diagnosed, resectable high-grade glioma were operated using fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). Separate samples were selectively taken from nonfluorescent white matter areas just adjacent to the border of the pale fluorescence and staining was made for Ki-67. OS was analyzed with Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. Multivariate analysis included the following prognosis variables: age, extent of resection (EOR), O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, and performance status index.

Results Sample included 65 patients, comprising 37 men and 28 women, with a median Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of 80 (40–100) and mean age of 60 (34–78) years. Mean preoperative tumor volume was 35.8 mL. EOR was 100% in 52 patients (80%), with the lower EOR being 88%. For Ki-67, 39 patients had <5% and 26 had ≥5%. OS was 26.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.9–28.2) for the Ki-67 low group versus 15.8 months (95% CI: 7.7–18.2) for the Ki-67 high group (p = 0.002).

Conclusion Proliferative activity in the normal-looking brain around the resection cavity measured with Ki-67 immunostaining is an important independent prognostic factor for GBM cases with complete resection of enhancing tumor. When complete resection is not reached, this factor is not relevant for prognosis.
Endonasal Odontoidectomy in Basilar Invagination
Authors: Simal-Julián Juan A. , Miranda-Lloret Pablo , Sanchis-Martín Maria R. , Quiroz Arnold , Botella-Asunción Carlos , Kassam Amin B.
Published: December 2020

Objective The endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (EEO) is emerging as a feasible surgical alternative to conventional microscopic transoral approach. In this article, we show EEO in the basilar invagination (BI) and describe in detail the technical aspects, advantages, and disadvantages of this approach (Fig. 1).

Methods We describe EEO using audiovisual material from the neurosurgical department of Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe Valencia database.

Results We present the case of a 61-year-old male patient with BI. Initially, we performed suboccipital decompression and occipitocervical fusion. Subsequently, after a no significant neurological improvement and persistent anterior compression, EEO was performed. The postoperative evolution was uneventful and the preoperative neurological deficits were recovered rapidly after surgery

Discussion EEO technique enables complete odontoid resection, preventing invasion of aggressive oral bacterial flora, and it is not limited by the mouth opening. As well, it avoids manipulation of the soft palate, therefore evades the risk of velopalatal insufficiency, facilitates immediate oral tolerance, and early extubation. The rostral position of C1–C2 complex in BI could suppose a great advantage in favor the endonasal approaches. Mucoperichondrial vascularized flaps could be obtained to avoid a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and facilitate the reepithelization process of the surgical bed.

Conclusion EEO may provide a significant anatomic and technical advantage over the trans-oral approach.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/Td6MDcjCNKk.
Impact of Modifiable Risk Factors on Long-Term Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Leviner Dror B. , Zafrir Barak , Jaffe Ronen , Saliba Walid , Flugelman Moshe Y. , Sharoni Erez
Published: December 2020

Background Risk factors control and secondary prevention measures are often reported to be suboptimal in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and may lead to worse clinical outcomes. We aimed to examine potentially modifiable risk factors in patients undergoing CABG and investigate their association with long-term coronary events.

Methods Cardiovascular risk factors were recorded preoperatively in the setting of a cardiac catheterization laboratory and were analyzed in relation to long-term coronary events, defined as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or revascularization after CABG.

Results Study population included 1,125 patients undergoing CABG without previous revascularization. Modifiable risk factors included hypertension (71%), hyperlipidemia (67%), diabetes (42%), obesity (28%), and smoking (21%). Only 8% did not have any of the five risk factors. During the mean follow-up of 93 ± 52 months after CABG, 179 patients (16%) experienced a coronary event. Incidence rates were higher in patients with than without the presence of each of the modifiable risk factors, except obesity. Active smoking (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: (1.07–2.13); p = 0.020), presence of diabetes (HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.18–2.18; p = 0.002), and hyperlipidemia (HR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.45–3.14; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of future coronary events after CABG; they also displayed a progressive stepwise increment in the risk of long-term coronary events when cumulatively present.

Conclusions In patients undergoing CABG, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, as documented preoperatively, were potentially modifiable risk factors that were independently and cumulatively associated with long-term risk of ACS or coronary revascularization, highlighting the importance of early identification and risk factors control for improving cardiovascular health after CABG.
Role of the third metal oxide in In–Ga–Zn–O4 amorphous oxide semiconductors: Alternatives to gallium
Authors: Zhang Zhaofu , Guo Yuzheng , Robertson John
Published: December 2020

We study the role of the third metal oxide in In–Ga–Zn-type oxides (IGZO), Ga2O3, by comparing the calculated electronic properties of various alternatives (Al, Y, Hf, Ti, Si, and W) with Ga. It is found that Ga2O3 causes little disorder in the conduction band minimum (CBM) energy based on In or Zn oxides, and it has a large O vacancy suppression effect, which benefits both a high mobility and a low OFF current of IGZO. However, other alternatives give a pronounced conduction band disorder potential due to their higher CBM energies and thus are not ideal components in amorphous oxide semiconductors. Si and W may reduce the negative bias illumination stress instability by lowering hydrogen-induced states to below the bulk valence band maximum, but Si is not beneficial for mobility. Their role in back-end-of-line transistors is also noted.
Insults in political comments on GhanaWeb
Authors: Thompson Rachel
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the practice of insults on GhanaWeb, a popular online platform on which some Ghanaians post comments and share opinions in reaction to various news reports. Among other things, the study entails understanding how the prevalence of harsh insults stands against the backdrop of traditional Ghanaian speech culture, which places high value on respect for the elderly and authority figures. Examining a sample of online comments directed at key political leaders in the build-up to the national elections in December 2016, the study identifies their characteristic textual and discursive features and interprets them in cultural and socio-political contexts. The study asserts that although the practice of using insults against political leaders in online commentary appears to be ‘normal’ in the online context, it is a transgression when one considers the Ghanaian sociocultural norms of communication.
A dialogical approach to the acquisition and usage of referring
expressions
Authors: Salazar Orvig Anne , de Weck Geneviève , Hassan Rouba , Rialland Annie
Published: December 2020

This chapter gives a general overview of the
dialogical, theoretical, and methodological framework of the studies
presented in the book, and the implications of that framework for
understanding the acquisition of referring expressions and
children’s early skills in this domain. Section 1 considers the formal aspects of
children’s acquisition of the relevant morphological paradigms
(mainly pronouns, and including fillers) in relation to certain
aspects of syntactic development. Section 2 is devoted to studies on reference and
referential strategies in children. After dealing with some
discrepant results, we focus on the dialogical foundation of
reference. As a whole, the chapter builds up a rationale for a
multidimensional approach, considering the interaction of formal and
functional factors in the acquisition of referring expressions, and,
more generally, the way meaning is constructed in socially situated
interactions driven by activities and scaffolded by adults. Section 3 presents the
methodological choices this approach entails. Section 4 introduces the issues tackled by
the nine studies presented in the book.
Early Implementation of Screening for Substance use in Rural Primary Care: A Rapid Analytic Qualitative Study
Authors: Moore Sarah K. , Saunders Elizabeth C. , Hichborn Emily , McLeman Bethany , Meier Andrea , Young Robyn , Nesin Noah , Farkas Sarah , Hamilton Leah , Marsch Lisa A. , Gardner Trip , McNeely Jennifer
Published: December 2020

Background

Few primary care patients are screened for substance use. As part of a phased feasibility study examining the implementation of electronic health record-integrated screening with the Tobacco, Alcohol, and Prescription Medication Screening (TAPS) Tool and clinical decision support (CDS) in rural primary care clinics, focus groups were conducted to identify early indicators of success and challenges to screening implementation.

Method

Focus groups ( n = 6) were conducted with medical assistants (MAs: n = 3: 19 participants) and primary care providers (PCPs: n = 3: 13 participants) approximately one month following screening implementation in three Federally Qualified Health Centers in Maine. Rapid analysis and matrix analysis using Proctor's Taxonomy of Implementation Outcomes were used to explore implementation outcomes.

Results

There was consensus that screening is being used, but use of the CDS was lower, in part due to limited positive screens. Fidelity was high among MAs, though discomfort with the CDS surfaced among PCPs, impacting adoption and fidelity. The TAPS Tool's content, credibility and ease of workflow integration were favorably assessed. Challenges include screening solely at annual visits and self-administered screening for certain patients.

Conclusions

Results reveal indicators of implementation success and strategies to address challenges to screening for substance use in primary care.
SLAM family receptors control pro-survival effectors in germinal center B cells to promote humoral immunity
Authors: Zhong Ming-Chao , Lu Yan , Qian Jin , Zhu Yingzi , Dong Lingli , Zahn Astrid , Di Noia Javier M. , Karo-Atar Danielle , King Irah L. , Veillette André
Published: December 2020

Expression of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)–associated protein (SAP) is critical for the germinal center (GC) reaction and T cell–dependent antibody production. However, when SAP is expressed normally, the role of the associated SLAM family receptors (SFRs) in these processes is nebulous. Herein, we established that in the presence of SAP, SFRs suppressed the expansion of the GC reaction but facilitated the generation of antigen-specific B cells and antibodies. SFRs favored the generation of antigen-reactive B cells and antibodies by boosting expression of pro-survival effectors, such as the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and Bcl-2, in activated GC B cells. The effects of SFRs on the GC reaction and T cell–dependent antibody production necessitated expression of multiple SFRs, both in T cells and in B cells. Hence, while in the presence of SAP, SFRs inhibit the GC reaction, they are critical for the induction of T cell–mediated humoral immunity by enhancing expression of pro-survival effectors in GC B cells.
Radius and roundness measurement of micro spheres based on a set of AFM surface scans
Authors: Oertel Erik , Manske Eberhard
Published: December 2020

Micro coordinate measuring machines have been developed for the traceable characterization of small complex parts, due to the demand in research and industry. These machines require geometrically well characterized probing spheres of ever smaller radii. Currently, there is no established procedure for the measurement of such spheres below radii of 500 µm. In this paper we, therefore, propose and investigate an approach which is based on a set of atomic force microscope (AFM) surface scans in conjunction with a stitching algorithm. The strategy was implemented on a nano measuring machine and investigated on a ruby sphere with a radius of 150 µm. Although the strategy can generally be applied to the characterization of a full sphere, we limit ourselves to the measurement of one great circle (equator). The technique enables the measurement of micro spheres with a high lateral and vertical resolution. The mean radius of the ruby sphere was measured with a standard deviation of 3.7 nm over six repetitions. As our experiments have shown, the measurement procedure is at the moment mainly influenced by the shape of the AFM tip which requires further attention.
Velocity and thermal slip effects on two-phase flow of MHD Jeffrey fluid with the suspension of tiny metallic particles
Authors: Firdous Hina , Husnine S M , Hussain Farooq , Nazeer Mubbashar
Published: December 2020

This investigation addresses the mathematical analysis of three fundamental multiphase flows through diverse channels. Jeffrey fluid is taken as the base liquid which suspends with tiny spherical particles of Hafnium (Hf). Owing to the magnetic susceptibility of the metal particles and electrically conducting fluid, the effects of transversely applied magnetic fields have also been taken into account. Thermal slip boundary conditions are imposed on the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) of multiphase flows which are confined by the lubricated flat walls. The additional contribution of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation. Flow dynamics are modeled with the help of Navier–Stokes equations; which end up in the system of nonlinear and coupled differential equations, then solved exactly. A detailed parametric study is also carried out, which reveals that the momentum of each phase reduces in response to Hartmann number while having an opposite influence on the temperature profile. More energy is added to the system due to an increase in Brinkman number and magnetic field. Finally, the presented theoretical study not only addresses many industrial applications. But, also helps to predict that multiphase flows through a horizontal channel is more prominent when generated by moving wall with the contribution of constant pressure gradient. Moreover, the present work serves as the precedent, for it bridges the missing gap in the existing literature.
Metamaterial-inspired 2D cavity grating with electromagnetically induced reflection as a glucose sensor
Authors: Shen Zhaoyang , Yang Dong , Xia Yingqing , Huang Xiaojun
Published: December 2020

A three-dimensional structure is designed, fabricated, and measured to achieve electromagnetically induced reflection (EIR) using metamaterial-inspired 2D cavity grating (MICG). The unit cell is composed of a orthogon ring resonator (ORR), a circle ring resonator (CRR), and the metal cavity. The physics mechanism of EIR is a weak hybridization between the ORR and CRR at 15.15 GHz, which exhibits a high reflection coefficient of 95%. We use the electric and magnetic field distributions to analyze and verify this physics mechanism. The geometric parameters of the ORR, CRR, and metal cavity have a profound influence on the reflectance spectra. In addition, the proposed MICG can be used to detect the concentration of the glucose solution (GS) as the liquid sensor, and sensitivity (S) reaches up to 3.26 GHz RIU−1 (refractive index unit). The figure of merit (FOM) is calculated as 8.15, which shows favorable sensing in the microwave sensor. Furthermore, the proposed MICG has potential applications to detect different liquids.
Superconducting anisotropy and vortex pinning in CaKFe4As4 and KCa2Fe4As4F2
*
Authors: Yu A B , Huang Z , Zhang C , Wu Y F , Wang T , Xie T , Liu C , Li H , Peng W , Luo H Q , Mu G , Xiao H , You L X , Hu T
Published: December 2020

The vortex pinning determining the current carrying capacity of a superconductor is an important property to the applications of superconducting materials. For layered superconductors, the vortex pinning can be enhanced by a strong interlayer interaction in accompany with a suppression of superconducting anisotropy, which remains to be investigated in iron based superconductors (FeSCs) with the layered structure. Here, based on the transport and magnetic torque measurements, we experimentally investigate the vortex pinning in two bilayer FeSCs, CaKFe4As4(Fe1144) and KCa2Fe4As4F2(Fe12442), and compare their superconducting anisotropy γ. While the anisotropy γ ≈ 3 for Fe1144 is much smaller than γ ≈ 15 in Fe12442 around T
c, a higher flux pinning energy as evidenced by a higher critical current density is found in Fe1144, as compared with the case of Fe12442. In combination with the literature data of Ba0.72K0.28Fe2As2 and NdFeAsO0.82F0.18, we reveal an anti-correlation between the pinning energy and the superconducting anisotropy in these FeSCs. Our results thus suggest that the interlayer interaction can not be neglected when considering the vortex pinning in FeSCs.
Impact of counter-rotating-wave term on quantum heat transfer and phonon statistics in nonequilibrium qubit–phonon hybrid system*
Authors: Wang Chen , Wang Lu-Qin , Ren Jie
Published: December 2020

Counter-rotating-wave terms (CRWTs) are traditionally viewed to be crucial in open small quantum systems with strong system–bath dissipation. Here by exemplifying in a nonequilibrium qubit–phonon hybrid model, we show that CRWTs can play the significant role in quantum heat transfer even with weak system–bath dissipation. By using extended coherent phonon states, we obtain the quantum master equation with heat exchange rates contributed by rotating-wave-terms (RWTs) and CRWTs, respectively. We find that including only RWTs, the steady state heat current and current fluctuations will be significantly suppressed at large temperature bias, whereas they are strongly enhanced by considering CRWTs in addition. Furthermore, for the phonon statistics, the average phonon number and two-phonon correlation are nearly insensitive to strong qubit–phonon hybridization with only RWTs, whereas they will be dramatically cooled down via the cooperative transitions based on CRWTs in addition. Therefore, CRWTs in quantum heat transfer system should be treated carefully.
Time-resolved estimation of strength of motor imagery representation by multivariate EEG decoding
Authors: Tidare Jonatan , Leon Miguel , Astrand Elaine
Published: December 2020

Objective. Multivariate decoding enables access to information encoded in multiple brain activity features with high temporal resolution. However, whether the strength, of which this information is represented in the brain, can be extracted across time within single trials remains largely unexplored. Approach. In this study, we addressed this question by applying a support vector machine (SVM) to extract motor imagery (MI) representations, from electroencephalogram (EEG) data, and by performing time-resolved single-trial analyses of the multivariate decoding. EEG was recorded from a group of healthy participants during MI of opening and closing of the same hand. Main results. Cross-temporal decoding revealed both dynamic and stationary MI-relevant features during the task. Specifically, features representing MI evolved dynamically early in the trial and later stabilized into a stationary network of MI features. Using a hierarchical genetic algorithm for selection of MI-relevant features, we identified primarily contralateral alpha and beta frequency features over the sensorimotor and parieto-occipital cortices as stationary which extended into a bilateral pattern in the later part of the trial. During the stationary encoding of MI, by extracting the SVM prediction scores, we analyzed MI-relevant EEG activity patterns with respect to the temporal dynamics within single trials. We show that the SVM prediction score correlates to the amplitude of univariate MI-relevant features (as documented from an extensive repertoire of previous MI studies) within single trials, strongly suggesting that these are functional variations of MI strength hidden in trial averages. Significance. Our work demonstrates a powerful approach for estimating MI strength continually within single trials, having far-reaching impact for single-trial analyses. In terms of MI neurofeedback for motor rehabilitation, these results set the ground for more refined neurofeedback reflecting the strength of MI that can be provided to patients continually in time.
A model for incompressible fluids using finite element methods for the Brinkman problem
Authors: Altamirano-Fernández A , Gómez-Hernández E A , Duque-Marín E , Vásquez A
Published: December 2020

The partial differential equations for fluid flow dynamics based on the Brinkman equations, written in terms of velocity-vorticity and pressure in three dimensions, are essential for predicting climate, ocean currents, water flow in a pipe, the study of blood flow and any phenomenon involving incompressible fluids through porous media; having a significant impact in areas such as oceanographic engineering and biomedical sciences. This paper aims to study the Brinkman equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary are studied, the existence and uniqueness of solution at a continuous level through equivalence of problems is presented. It is discretized to approximate the solution using Nédélec finite elements and piecewise continuous polynomials to approximate vorticity and pressure. The velocity field is recovered, obtaining its a priori error estimation and order of convergence. As a result, ensuring a single prediction of the flow behavior of an incompressible fluid through porous media. Finally, a numerical example in 2D with the standard L2 is presented, confirming the theoretical analysis.
A hybrid optimization method for reallocation of mobile resources
Authors: Catumba-Ruiz J , Aguiar L , Redondo J M , Renteria R , Barrera J O
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we propose a hybrid optimization method to compute a reallocation of ambulances to obtain improved response times. As we want to minimize response times by changing ambulances allocations, we develop a hybrid algorithm based on a genetic algorithm, with randomized ambulances configurations as population individuals. Also, we embed into the genetic algorithm discrete event simulations to model the reporting, assignment, travel, and attendance processes. We later find that the algorithm optimizes the response times for simulated events, even though these times don’t yet compare to response times found in real data. So, we need to evaluate any improvement in real response times. As a study case, we use data from 2014 to 2017 provided by the health authority of Bogotá, Colombia, that contains real values of emergency medical incidents, and the quantity and type of ambulances that attended such incidents.
Discrimination of seismic waves produced by volcanoes using self-organizing maps
Authors: Salazar A , Salazar E , Cadena O , Hernández R
Published: December 2020

The analysis and classification of seismic records of volcanoes allow us to determine the alert state in which it is. A timely study of these signs can contribute to decision-making to safeguard the integrity of people in the face of a natural disaster. The present work applies a methodology that combines the analysis of linear prediction coefficients and artificial neural networks to classify earthquakes. Two types of earthquakes that come from Galeras Volcano, Colombia, are studied volcano-tectonic and long-period. The classification is made using the clustering technique based on unsupervised learning. The signals are transformed using the linear prediction filter coefficients technique, which has the function of reducing the size of the vector that contains the original data. MATLAB software is used to generate a self-organizing network that handles clustering. The results show that the best alternative in unsupervised learning is to use the linear prediction coefficients of order 5, 6, and 7 to represent a seismic signal. For lower orders, the necessary information is not captured and for higher orders, noise information is shown.
Construction of a genetic decomposition: theoretical analysis of the concept of the value theorem medium
Authors: Duque-Marín E , Ramirez-Carrasco C , Altamirano-Espinoza M
Published: December 2020

In this study, from a cognitive perspective, we present the structures necessary for a student to construct the concept of the mean value theorem. The theoretical framework used for this research is based on the action-process-object-scheme theory. We propose, as a result, two genetic decompositions that describe two possible ways to construct the concept: a graphical path and an analytical path. Generic decompositions become a point of reference for the design of teaching strategies; in that sense, the results of this research are presented as a theoretical proposal for teaching and learning the model of the mean value theorem to undergraduate students of mathematics, physics, engineering or in whichever area this particular subject is studied, with the purpose of contributing to the strengthening of educational practices and student learning.
Supporting communities of practice as a strategy to accelerate uptake of environmental science for climate action: TV weathercasters as a case study
Authors: Maibach E
Published: December 2020

Advantageous new ideas and practices have a vexing track record of taking root slowly, if at all. Identifying or creating, and then supporting, communities of practice is a promising approach to enhancing the likelihood that science-based environmental science knowledge will be applied to solve societal problems. A community of practice, simply put, is a group of individuals who have shared interests and problems related to a specific topic. This article provides a brief overview of what communities of practice are, and how they might be embraced as a strategy to accelerate the development of climate change solutions. The approach is illustrated with a brief case study of Climate Matters, a highly successful program designed to support TV weathercasters as local climate change educators. It concludes with a heuristic to guide future efforts at supporting communities of practice.
Phytocenological study of environmental quality using the fluctuating asymmetry index Betula pendula Roth
Authors: Popova E
Published: December 2020

The structure and species composition of communities of 9 areas within the city of Tobolsk (Tyumen region, Russia) and its surroundings were studied. The method used to assess the quality of the environment consisted in determination of the fluctuating asymmetry index of the Betula pendula Roth lamina. For spatial characterization of the state of the test object and assessment of the anthropogenic load, a bioindication map was drawn up using isolines. The environmental heterogeneity of environmental conditions and the degree of deviation from the environmental optimum were revealed. During the examination of groups of individuals, insignificant fluctuations in the nature of environmental conditions from conditionally normal (I point) to critical (V points) were noted. Such fluctuations are explained by the uneven distribution of pollution sources between the compared territories. It was established that under conditions optimal for a species, the smallest level of deviations from the norm is observed, and that the territory under study is heterogeneous in terms of the fluctuating asymmetry index.
Movement simulation of flexible working body links in the Unity cross-platform development environment
Authors: Bukhtoyarov L D , Maksimenkov A I , Lysych M N , Abramov V V
Published: December 2020

The analytical modeling of multi-link mechanisms with a large number of degrees of freedom is a difficult task, therefore, it is advisable to use a simulation model Since it is planned to use a flexible working body on an area overgrown with vegetation, this will require a significant number of elements and, as a result, it will be very difficult to perform work using computer-aided design. In this paper, a simulation model of a flexible working body is implemented in a cross-platform Unity development environment. In computer-aided design systems, we are limited to tools and algorithms created by developers. In Unity, we have the opportunity to create our own tools and algorithms, adding it to the links of interest to us, which are solids in the field of gravitational forces. We created a 3D model of each link of a flexible working body, connected it with hinges with the possibility of moving relative to each other. Added scripts to accelerate the rotor and save the coordinates of the links. Based on the obtained coordinates, dependencies were constructed to determine the kinematics of the links of the flexible working body, taking into account its bending in the vertical and horizontal plane under the action of gravity.
Features of the formation of vegetation on alkaline soils of anthropogenic origin
Authors: Kharitintsev B , Popova E
Published: December 2020

As a result of the environmental impact, natural landscapes are substantially transformed into derivative anthropogenic systems. An example of this process is the anthropogenic extrazonal alkali soils (Tobolsk district, Tyumen region, Russia) at the places where salt water exits from wells drilled during geological exploration works. The vegetation of such alkali soils was studied in two areas of the Tobolsk district: near the villages of Kachipovo and Bekerevka. The species composition of such communities depends on the location relative to the well, and the time of exposure to ground and flood waters. The maturity of the associations of alkali soils is characterized by the halophyte saturation and by the peculiarity of the age composition of their populations. As the impact of salt water decreases, indigenous zonal vegetation is restored at the site of alkali soils. Artificial salinization of the soil near the wells contributed to the accumulation of halophytes of both relict and anthropogenic origin. To compare vegetation on alkaline soils of anthropogenic origin, a site with natural vegetation was studied as a control.
Justification of the device operation principle for measuring the potential difference in tree trunks
Authors: Kamalova N S , Evsikova N Yu
Published: December 2020

Modern instruments for assessing the characteristics of plants vital state are mainly formed by measuring the parameters of gas exchange in the leaves or are based on standard humidity sensors. However, such techniques are useless in coniferous forests and have a high cost. And they cannot be applied throughout the year in many regions due to the lack of leaves in winter. The water transport processes are the most important for researches in solving problems of predicting the fire condition of forests. Aqueous solutions are weak electrolytes. Therefore, water transport can be investigated using electrical measuring instruments. The purpose of the work was substantiating of digital device operation principle for measuring the potential difference in tree trunks as a device for studying its state. For the first time, to achieve the purpose, the analysis of temperature fluctuations during the year has carried out, a theoretical concept for the influence of temperature and humidity fluctuations on the potential difference in the tree trunks and a schematic diagram of the device have proposed.
Frequency of external influences as a source of biological system negentropy
Authors: Lisitsyn V I , Arkhipov V V
Published: December 2020

This paper provides a qualitative analysis of one of the possible channels of negative entropy (negentropy) to ensure the evolution of biological systems. In particular, it is shown for the first time that a periodically changing flow of equilibrium radiation carries a reduced entropy content in comparison with a constant flow of the same power. This conclusion is made based on the analysis of the Shannon entropy time dependence graph for the model under consideration. The study relevance is due to the well-known contradiction between the statement of the second principle of thermodynamics about the tendency of closed systems to a state with maximum entropy (chaos) and Darwin’s evolutionary theory describing the complexity of biological systems. This problem is worked out in many aspects and devoid of the status of an inexplicable paradox. However, a number of important questions, including the sources of negative entropy, remain open. As a function describing the frequency of incident radiation, a simple harmonic is chosen, which does not quite correspond to the daily change in illumination observed on the Earth, but allows us to draw conclusions about the qualitative nature of its influence. The result obtained can be of great importance for evaluating the equilibrium parameters and stability of open thermodynamic systems.
About the possibility of using 1-vinylnaphthalene to modify natural wood
Authors: Nikulina N S , Dmitrenkov A I , Nikulin S S
Published: December 2020

The work studies the possibility of using 1-vinylnaphthalene for modification and protective treatment of birch wood. 1-vinylnaphthalene used in the work was obtained by the method given in the literature. In order to facilitate the introduction of 1-vinylnaphthalene into the wood cavity, hydrocarbon impregnating solutions were prepared on its basis using toluene as a solvent. The samples of birch wood were kept in solutions for 24 hours at a temperature of 20°C after removing the wood samples from the impregnation baths, toluene was removed using a vacuum. After extracting the bulk of the toluene, the samples were subjected to heat treatment. It is shown that during heat treatment in conducting elements of birch wood under the influence of high temperatures, polymerization of 1-vinylnaphthalene proceeds by a radical mechanism. To determine the effect of 1-vinylnaphthalene content in wood on the properties of the resulting composites, toluene solutions with different modifier content were prepared. It is shown that with an increase in the content of the proposed modifier in birch wood, water absorption and swelling of samples of the resulting wood-polymer composites significantly decreases, which will increase the service life of products based on modified wood.
To the justification of the parameters of the disk case for undisturbed notches
Authors: Zimarin S V , Pham N L , Khripchenko M S
Published: December 2020

The influence of technological parameters of the design of the housing of the discator for basic tillage on unrecorded cuttings on its traction resistance is studied. Resource-saving reforestation technologies, which allow to avoid stump clearing, cause the least harm to deforestation ecology and save material resources. Disk tools in the conditions of uncorrupted cuttings significantly surpass plow plows in terms of providing the required maneuverability. The advantage of the discs is the individual attachment of the hulls to the frame, which eliminates clogging of the hull with plant residues and soil. The design of the casing of the discator is investigated, which ensures the required quality of soil turnover and its preservation in the form of a continuous tape laid near the furrow on uncorrupted cuttings. The disk case increases the technical level of modern forest tillage tools, which will improve their competitive advantages among other forest machines used for plowing. As a result of experimental studies of the obtained regression model traction case disc header, allowing to determine its optimal parameters, ensuring the quality of technological process of tillage with minimum energy consumption. The mathematical model is used in the design of forest tools.
Integration development processes in the wood industry based on clusterization
Authors: Polyanin A , Pronyaeva L , Pavlova A , Stepanova Yu
Published: December 2020

The research is aimed at substantiating a mechanism for the formation of interregional clusters. In order to identify the current state and development prospects for the Russian wood industry, we conducted an analysis of its functioning on the basis of official statistics. We substantiated the advantages of a cluster form of integration and made an assessment of the foreign and domestic clustering experience in the wood industry on the basis of an in-depth study of the related literature, analysis and synthesis of the data taken from certain specialized Internet portals of the Russian wood industry. To implement into practice our approach to the formation of interregional wood industry clusters in the Central Federal District (CFD), we carried out a research into these territories’ resource potential for clusterization (a rating-and-score method, methods of localization and concentration, a method of territorial proximity, a method of formalization, etc.). The obtained results showed that is it possible to form 4 wood industry clusters in the CFD of Russia, allowing to concentrate a resource capacity of several territories for the purpose of strengthening the interregional interaction of the timber industry enterprises, to create opportunities for the implementation of large-scale innovative projects in the industry.
Study on the competitiveness of Russian-made wood panels in the development of import-substituting industries
Authors: Bahur O , Nebesnaya A , Azarova N
Published: December 2020

The article examines the competitiveness of Russian-made wood panels in the world market, analyzes their competitiveness factors and determines the development paths of wood panels production within the framework of the import substitution policy. Today in the Russian Federation, there are tendencies towards the construction of competitive production of wood panel products. A few years ago, the Russian Federation was the clear leader in the import of these goods from the European Union. In view of the change in the foreign trade policy of the Russian Federation for the export of industrial wood such industries began to develop within the country. As a result, we analyzed the dynamics of the development of production and consumption of wood panels, conducted analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the competitiveness of wood panels. We have developed a mechanism for increasing the level of competitiveness of Russian-made wood panels. Within the framework of the mechanism, we propose to give a current assessment of the level of competitiveness of wood-based panels, using tools to conduct information monitoring, which allows predicting the values of the competitiveness of wood-based panels in the future and adjusting these values.
The effect of drought on the expression of stress resistance genes in perspective forms of birch
Authors: Grodetskaya T , Evlakov P , Isakov I , Padutov V
Published: December 2020

Drought stress greatly limits distribution of forest-forming species, in particular, birch. The actual task is to identify resistance mechanisms in order to select perspective genotypes for further reproduction. The purpose of this work was to identify drought-tolerant genotypes of silver birch (B. pendula Roth.), downy birch (B. pubescens Ehrh.) and their hybrids based on the analysis of drought tolerance. We studied the expression of genes encoding proteins of metabolic pathways that are activated in response to abiotic stress (phenylpropanoid way) associated with the pathogenesis of proteins (PR1 and PR10), transcription factors (DREB2), and proteins of late embryogenesis (LEA). As a result of the effects of drought, a significant increase in expression was detected for the PAL, PR-1, PR-10, and DREB2 genes in the analyzed samples; at the same time, expression changes were revealed for the LEA8 gene for two out of ten genotypes. Birch samples 29-58 and 233 was selected as most stable showing adaptive response for all genes analyzed. Analyzed genes can be recommended as markers for assessing drought resistance of other woody plant species.
Forestry digital platform of Russia
Authors: Morkovina S , Nasriddinov S , Shanin I
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the introduction of digital technologies in the forestry industry of Russia. Forestry of the Russian Federation is significantly inferior to the world forest powers in the field of digitalization of forestry, which makes it necessary to accelerate the transition to digital technologies most demanded at the level of state management of forests and in forest business. Similar to the countries of Europe, a State policy should be developed in the field of forest informatization, as well as the creation of a digital forest platform. The results of the study of the system of state management of forests at the level of regions of Russia for the application of digital technologies are presented. The need to create a digital forestry platform as an important component of the modern digital economy is justified. It has been established that the creation of a single digital forest platform will contribute to the improvement of forest management efficiency, increased openness of information on forest resources of regional systems, simplification of the communication process. The objectives and structure of the digital platform, which includes sub-platforms corresponding to six important forestry subsystems and application modules for various practical tasks, are defined. A sequence of stages of digital platform development is proposed.
Possibilities for the structural transformation of the timber industry of Rostov Region
Authors: Dzhukha V , Mishchenko K , Zolotuhin E
Published: December 2020

The current task for the regions is to diversify the sectoral structure, which ensures the overall stability of the economy. For industrial regions, such as the Rostov region, the priority of structural transformation is the formation of technological and non-resource industries, such as the timber industry. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to assess the potential for structural transformation of the emerging timber industry in the Rostov region and identify mechanisms to enhance its growth. The provisions of the concept of regional competitiveness, the model of technologization at the institutional level, as well as problem-oriented and predictive approaches are the methodological basis of the research. The methods of the study are statistical and grapho-analytical. As a result of the analysis, the transformations that have taken place in the industry of the Don region over the past 10 years are identified, and the main results of this transformation in the timber industry are described (in terms of employment, wages, profitability and capital-labor ratio). Modern trends and external challenges for the timber industry in the region are also identified, on the basis of which new opportunities for its development through cooperation and clustering are justified.