bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoscience skills supplement emissions reduction through carbon solutions
Authors: Ball Jeffrey , Reynolds Melinda , Kennedy Nick
Published: May 2024

As the energy sector transitions, traditional geoscience occupations have been impacted by the decrease in upstream oil and gas activity. However, these roles are highly technical and innovative, and could benefit many sectors if re-deployed. Carbon offsetting is available now to support meeting emission reduction targets and is expected to be deployed in the long term for hard-to-abate areas. In 2018, Woodside started a carbon business that includes the origination of offsets through carbon farming. Millions of seedlings have been planted on less productive farmland in WA. The program has been enhanced through the transferable skills that geoscientists provide, including uncertainty analysis, software technology and data acquisition. Much like the petroleum geoscience discipline, carbon offset investment requires an assessment of a natural resource. There is uncertainty in the total volume, the future state, and the policy conditions impacting the resource. Geoscientists at Woodside have led initiatives to assess carbon yield, quantify and forecast uncertainty, and develop decision-making frameworks for project investment. These initiatives have informed the business as a market participant and project developer in the nascent carbon market. Geospatial analytics is critical throughout the value chain of a planting project, including site selection, project design, site execution, monitoring and reporting. Remote sensing and imagery analysis are used for monitoring growth and quantifying carbon sequestration. Further, geospatial projects have aided efficiency, providing accurate, real-time data to and from the field and re-deploying geoscientists from in-house has contributed towards Woodside’s success.
Macrophage transplantation rescues RNASET2-deficient leukodystrophy by replacing deficient microglia in a zebrafish model
Authors: Rutherford Holly A. , Candeias Diogo , Duncan Christopher J. A. , Renshaw Stephen A. , Hamilton Noémie
Published: May 2024

RNASET2-deficient leukodystrophy is a rare infantile white matter disorder mimicking a viral infection and resulting in severe psychomotor impairments. Despite its severity, there is little understanding of cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis and no treatments. Recent research using the
rnaset2
mutant zebrafish model has suggested that microglia may be the drivers of the neuropathology, due to their failure to digest apoptotic debris during neurodevelopment. Therefore, we developed a strategy for microglial replacement through transplantation of adult whole kidney marrow–derived macrophages into embryonic hosts. Using live imaging, we revealed that transplant-derived macrophages can engraft within host brains and express microglia-specific markers, suggesting the adoption of a microglial phenotype. Tissue-clearing strategies revealed the persistence of transplanted cells in host brains beyond embryonic stages. We demonstrated that transplanted cells clear apoptotic cells within the brain, as well as rescue overactivation of the antiviral response otherwise seen in mutant larvae. RNA sequencing at the point of peak transplant-derived cell engraftment confirms that transplantation can reduce the brain-wide immune response and particularly, the antiviral response, in rnaset2-deficient brains. Crucially, this reduction in neuroinflammation resulted in behavioral rescue—restoring
rnaset2
mutant motor activity to wild-type (WT) levels in embryonic and juvenile stages. Together, these findings demonstrate the role of microglia as the cellular drivers of neuropathology in
rnaset2
mutants and that macrophage transplantation is a viable strategy for microglial replacement in the zebrafish. Therefore, microglia-targeted interventions may have therapeutic benefits in RNASET2-deficient leukodystrophy.
A data recovery method for extra-long-span railway bridge health monitoring based on TVFEMD and CNN-GRU
Authors: Hao Changshun , Liu Baodong , Li Yan , Zhuo Yi , Ma Yongpeng
Published: May 2024

Structure health monitoring systems play a crucial role in understanding the condition of structures. However, owing to various uncertain factors, sensor data may be missing, which poses a great challenge to capture the real-time dynamic characteristics of the bridge. To address this problem, this paper proposes a model that integrates time varying filtering based empirical mode decomposition (TVFEMD), convolutional neural network (CNN), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) to forecast and fill in the missing data. The proposed model initially employs TVFEMD to decompose the signal into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) of different frequency bands. Subsequently, CNN is utilized to extract data features for each IMF, followed by prediction through GRU. The model linearly combines the prediction results obtained from each IMF to obtain the actual prediction result. Simulation data and measured data from the large railway bridge are utilized in this research to validate the model’s efficacy. The analysis results demonstrate a significant improvement in prediction performance compared to traditional models, showcasing strong generalization ability and robustness. In conclusion, the model proposed in this paper has a high utilization value in health monitoring data recovery.
Structural damage detection based on structural macro-strain mode shapes extracted from non-stationary output responses
Authors: Chen Shaocong , Zheng Xingjian , Yang Xiongjun , Zheng Tao , Yang Ben , Lei Ying
Published: May 2024

Long-gauge fiber Bragg grating strain sensors have been widely employed because of their broader measuring range and higher sensitivity. However, current structural damage detection methods using macro-strain modal parameters are based on structural frequency response function or stationary power spectrum density, which are not applicable to non-stationary responses. To overcome this limitation, an improved method is proposed in this paper for structural damage detection based on structural macro-strain responses under unknown multi-point non-stationary excitations. First, a new concept of macro-strain energy spectrum transmissibility (MEST) is proposed using structural non-stationary macro-strain responses, and it is derived that MEST at a certain system pole equals the ratio of macro-strain mode shape. Then, the singular value decomposition technique is adopted for the MEST matrix to identify structural natural frequencies and macro-strain mode shapes. Finally, two damage detection indicators are constructed based on the identified normalized macro-strain mode shape (NMMS). The first indicator is the difference in structural NMMS before and after structural damage. The second one is based on the curvatures of structural NMMS, which can be used for structures without intact baseline. Numerical verifications are conducted to identify beam-type structural damage under multi-point non-stationary excitations or vehicle loads. Five damage scenarios with different measurement noise levels are investigated, and damage detection results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Detection of electrode misalignment and its effect on joint quality in resistance spot welding: a low-cost computer vision-based approach
Authors: Bhavsar Param , Dutta Ananta , Pal Surjya K
Published: May 2024

Electrode misalignment in resistance spot welding can be caused by poor fitting or deformation of electrode with continuous usage. This leads to asymmetric weld nugget formation, porosity and expulsion. This paper presents a novel low-cost real-time inspection system for angular misalignment using an image processing approach. The proposed solution can effectively segment the electrode tips even from the image captured at noisy industrial background such as automotive assembly line, by using a regional convolutional neural network based object identification method. The trained model has a mean average precision and recall of 99.01% and 96.6%, respectively. A series of image processing tools and mathematical operations were used to identify the edge line contours of electrode tips accurately from the detection mask, and determine the angular misalignment with a maximum deviation of less than 0.06°. Experimental results showed that the weld nuggets exhibited porosity, shrinkage voids, and cracks when performed under angular misalignment conditions.
A feature reconstruction and SAE model based diagnosis method for multiple mixed faults
Authors: Yang Jing , Chen Jianwen , Zhan Xuan , Liu Chuanshui , Yang Cheng
Published: May 2024

Owing to the merits of automatic feature extraction and depth structure, intelligent fault diagnosis based on deep neural networks has become a great concern. However, the non-fault state monitoring data volume of actual industrial machinery is rich, whereas the fault state data volume is insufficient and weak. Furthermore, achieving multiple mixed-fault diagnoses using skewed data distributions is extremely difficult. A feature reconstruction and sparse auto-encoder (AE) model-based diagnosis method for multiple mixed faults is proposed in this study to bridge these gaps. Such a feature reconstruction algorithm is designed and employed to address the following issues: (1) expensive computing resulting from the long sequential features of vibration monitoring data and (2) the extraction problem caused by the submersion of scarce data features. Furthermore, an adaptive loss function was formulated, and a deep AE network was constructed to identify the health status and determine the fault level. Diagnoses of artificial and real faults verify the availability and superiority of the proposed scheme, demonstrating the adaptability and robustness of these hyperparameters.
Scalar fields in Bonnor-Melvin-Lambda universe with potential: a study of dynamics of spin-zero particles-antiparticles
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin , Bouzenada Abdelmalek
Published: May 2024

In this study, our primary focus is on exploring the relativistic quantum dynamics of spin-zero scalar particles in a magnetic space-time background. Our investigation revolves around solving the Klein–Gordon (KG) equation within the framework of an electrovacuum space-time, while incorporating an external scalar potential. Specifically, we consider a cylindrical symmetric Bonnor-Melvin magnetic universe featuring a cosmological constant, where the magnetic field aligns parallel to the symmetry axis. Our approach involves deriving the radial equation of the wave equation, initially considering a linear confining potential and subsequently incorporating a Cornell-type scalar potential. We successfully obtain an approximate analytical solution for the eigenvalues of the quantum system under examination. Worth noting is our observation that the energy spectrum and the corresponding radial wave function experience notable modifications due to the presence of various factors including the cosmological constant, the topological parameter characterizing the space-time geometry, and the potential parameters.
Adhesion improvement of sputtered Cu films on flexible polymer substrates through the design of metal interlayers
Authors: Wang Enze , Wang Shunhua , Wang Fu , Zhang Guangan , Shang Lunlin
Published: May 2024

Magnetron sputtering is an alternative approach to prepare flexible copper clad laminates because of low cost and thin copper clad laminate thickness. However, Cu film has poor adhesion when directly deposited on polymer substrates, imposing certain limits to the use of magnetron sputtering technique. This work aims to improve the adhesion between the copper film and the polymer substrate. In this work, we succeeded improved the adhesion between the polymer substrates and copper film by introducing different metal interlayers into the polymer/Cu interfaces. It was found that the the copper films with Ni interlayer have the best adhesion with polymer substrates. This study proposes a promising route to overcome the wear adhesion problem between Cu film and polymers in the preparation of magnetron sputtered flexible copper clad laminates.
A hybrid algorithm for quadratically constrained quadratic optimization problems
Authors: Zhou Hongyi , Peng Sirui , Li Qian , Sun Xiaoming
Published: May 2024

Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programs (QCQPs) are an important class of optimization problems with diverse real-world applications. In this work, we propose a variational quantum algorithm for general QCQPs. By encoding the variables in the amplitude of a quantum state, the requirement for the qubit number scales logarithmically with the dimension of the variables, which makes our algorithm suitable for current quantum devices. Using the primal-dual interior-point method in classical optimization, we can deal with general quadratic constraints. Our numerical experiments on typical QCQP problems, including Max-Cut and optimal power flow problems, demonstrate better performance of our hybrid algorithm over classical counterparts.
Fiber-optic Michelson interferometric trace dimethyl methyl phosphate sensor based on MnO2/ZnO composites film
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Yang Xiaozhan
Published: May 2024

A dimethyl-methyl phosphonate (DMMP) sensor based on MnO2/ZnO composite film integrated fiber-optic Michelson interference structure is proposed. The sensing structure is formed by a thick taper between a single-mode fiber (SMF) and a four-core fiber (FCF), and then the no-core fiber (NCF) is spliced at the other end of the FCF. To enhance reflection, the silver film was deposited on the end of the NCF, and the fiber optic Michelson interference structure is formed. MnO2/ZnO composite sensing film was deposited on the FCF surface, and the structure, morphology, and properties of the sensing material were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. The sensitivity and the response time of the sensor are 0.3478 dB/ppm and 180 s, respectively. The sensor has good selectivity and stability, and it has a good application prospect in trace DMMP detection with high sensitivity.
Measurement of the small-scale 3D Lyman-α forest power spectrum
Authors: Abdul Karim Marie Lynn , Armengaud Eric , Mention Guillaume , Chabanier Solène , Ravoux Corentin , Lukić Zarija
Published: May 2024

Small-scale correlations measured in the Lyman-α (Lyα) forest encode information about the intergalactic medium and the primordial matter power spectrum. In this article, we present and implement a simple method to measure the 3-dimensional power spectrum, P
3D, of the Lyα forest at wavenumbers k corresponding to small, ∼ Mpc scales. In order to estimate P
3D from sparsely and unevenly distributed data samples, we rely on averaging 1-dimensional Fourier Transforms, as previously carried out to estimate the 1-dimensional power spectrum of the Lyα forest, P
1D. This methodology exhibits a very low computational cost. We confirm the validity of this approach through its application to Nyx cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Subsequently, we apply our method to the eBOSS DR16 Lyα forest sample, providing as a proof of principle, a first P
3D measurement averaged over two redshift bins z = 2.2 and z = 2.4. This work highlights the potential for forthcoming P
3D measurements, from upcoming large spectroscopic surveys, to untangle degeneracies in the cosmological interpretation of P
1D.
A wide-angle formulation of foreground filters for HI intensity mapping
Authors: Kothari Rahul , Maartens Roy
Published: May 2024

Neutral hydrogen intensity mapping can in principle deliver rapid and large-volume cosmological surveys with exquisitely accurate redshifts that are determined directly from imaging. However, intensity maps suffer from very strong foreground contamination. Future surveys will require efficient data pipelines to remove the foregrounds and reveal the cosmological signal. It is expected that this cleaning will not remove the signal in substantial parts of the available Fourier space and that significant loss of signal due to imperfect cleaning will be confined to specific regions of Fourier space. This suggests
a strategy which is useful for simplified estimates and rapid computations — i.e., to apply foreground filters that avoid the regions where loss of signal is significant. The standard Fourier-space power spectrum and foreground filters use a flat-sky approximation and thus exclude wide-angle correlations.
We provide a new geometrical formulation of foreground filters in harmonic space, which naturally includes all wide-angle effects in the power spectrum.
Foreground filtering leads to a loss of isotropy in
Fourier space. In harmonic space this produces off-diagonal correlations. We derive analytical expressions for the generalised HI power spectrum and its cross-power with CMB lensing, for both single-dish and interferometer mode surveys.
We show numerically that the off-diagonal contributions are negligible for
the auto power. In the cross power, there is a non-negligible off-diagonal contribution, but only for a small interval of the largest available scales.
For auto and cross power, the signal loss due to foreground avoidance decreases with increasing multipole (i.e. smaller scales), and the loss in interferometer mode is equal to, or slightly greater than, in single-dish mode.
We find that the cross power in single-dish mode vanishes below a critical multipole, ℓ < ℓ
0. For an SKA-like survey, ℓ
0 ∼ 20 – 40 over redshifts z = 1 – 3. This feature is not seen in interferometer mode as the pertinent angular scales are larger than those allowed by the minimum baseline.
The effect of impurity seeding on edge toroidal rotation in the ADITYA-U tokamak
Authors: Kumar Ankit , Shah K. , Chowdhuri M.B. , Ramaiya N. , Gauttam Aman , Jadeja K.A. , Hedge Bharat , Yadava N. , Singh Kaushlender , Dolui Suman , Macwan Tanmay , Kumawat Ashok , Gautam Pramila , Pradhan Laxmikanta , Raj Harshita , Shukla G. , Modi Dipexa , Patel S. , Banerjee Soumitra , Hoque Injamul , Komal  , Aich Suman , Patel Ankit , Utsav  , Kanik A. , Kumar Rohit , Verma Priyanka , Patel K.M. , Galodiya Kalpesh , Shah M. , Tanna R.L. , Ghosh Joydeep
Published: May 2024

Intrinsic toroidal rotation velocity (Vφ
) has been measured from the Doppler shift of C5+ carbon spectral lines (at 529.05 nm) in the edge region of the ADITYA-U tokamak without any auxiliary torque input in an ohmically heated pure hydrogen (H2) plasma as well as in H2 plasmas seeded with medium-Z (neon and argon) impurities . The toroidal rotation in the edge region is observed to reverse its direction from the counter-current to the co-current direction with an increase in plasma current beyond I
p ∼ 145–150 kA. Furthermore, a systematic decrease in the co-current Vφ
has been observed with the edge density, which tends to decrease to almost zero velocity with an increase in the edge density. The injection of medium-Z (neon and argon) impurities is observed to influence the edge toroidal rotation significantly. In low I
p discharges, argon injection leads to a reversal of edge intrinsic rotation from the counter-current to the co-current direction. In high I
p discharges, both neon and argon seeding enhance the co-current rotation by about ∼5–10 km s−1, at a constant I
p compared to pure H2 discharges. Simultaneous measurements of the edge radial electric field, E
r, shows that the E
r × Bθ
flow seems to be driving the edge toroidal rotation in ADITYA-U. With impurity injection, the E
r also gets modified, leading to an observed increase in the edge toroidal rotation.
Turbulent drifts of impurity ions as an explanation for anomalous radial transport in the far-SOL of DIII-D
Authors: Zamperini S.A. , Bernard T.N. , Rudakov D.L , Boedo J.A
Published: May 2024

Successful fusion reactor operation relies on minimal core contamination by impurities, otherwise too much power may be radiated and harm performance. This requires reliable predictions of impurity transport from the scrape-off layer (SOL) into the core, beyond the traditional ‘anomalous’ diffusion approach. We report a set of far-SOL tungsten transport simulations that demonstrate the role of turbulent drifts on radial impurity transport. A turbulent plasma background is simulated using the gyrokinetic SOL code Gkeyll. Tungsten ions are followed within the plasma background using only their drifts. We find that tungsten tends to travel radially outwards with velocities between v
r = 300–1200 m s−1 primarily due to polarization drift. We also extract an anomalous radial diffusion coefficient that varies from

D

r

anom

= 5–20 m2 s−1. These results are compared to and agree with previous interpretive modeling results. We also show how the turbulent polarization drift can transport some tungsten ions from the wall inwards with effective pinch velocities up to 10 000 m s−1. We conclude that turbulent drifts are a likely explanation for historically anomalous radial impurity transport.
Limitations of the eye and how to overcome them
Authors: Vollmer Michael
Published: May 2024

Human eyes have spatial, temporal, and spectral limitations which impose constraints on our perception. With appropriate optical devices and cameras, the limitations can be easily overcome. As a consequence, a huge variety of physical phenomena can be made accessible for teaching.
Methodological suggestions for creating subquestions for the Force Concept Inventory (and other research-based assessments)
Authors: Hull Michael M , Yasuda Jun-ichiro , Mae Naohiro
Published: May 2024

The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) is a research-based assessment that is used internationally to assess student understanding of Newtonian mechanics. The assessment has been investigated from a number of perspectives and many suggestions have been made for its improvement. One suggestion is the creation of subquestions. Subquestions are a tool to reduce false positives (answering a survey item correctly without correct understanding) and false negatives (answering incorrectly despite correct understanding). In this presentation, we will discuss how we created subquestions for two items on the FCI, informed by survey-based interviews with students and the original intended targets of the items. Our research aims are not only to present the subquestions we developed, but to share our methodology of creating these subquestions, as this methodology can be used in general for producing subquestions on other research-based assessments as well.
Multimodal expressions of disciplinary relevant aspects in inquiry-based physics learning
Authors: Andersson Roger , Jääskeläinen Markku
Published: May 2024

In this study we are interested in how learners of geometrical optics express disciplinary relevant aspects multimodally in an inquiry-based learning with support of a computer simulation. Students’ discussions and work with the simulation were filmed, transcribed, and we analysed some parts of the transcript where the students show signs of disciplinary relevant aspects by a method based in conversation analysis. We found evidence that the students use multiple semiotic resources for expressing disciplinary relevant aspects about the tasks, especially gestures. The letter are by their visual nature well suited for communication in physics, and are used by the students to transduct semiotic information.
A framework for designing experimental tasks in contemporary physics lab courses
Authors: Lahme Simon Z , Pirinen Pekka , Rončević Lucija , Lehtinen Antti , Sušac Ana , Müller Andreas , Klein Pascal
Published: May 2024

While lab courses are an integral part of studying physics aiming at a huge variety of learning objectives, research has shown that typical lab courses do not reach all the desired goals. While diverse approaches by lab instructors and researchers try to increase the effectiveness of lab courses, experimental tasks remain the core of any lab course. To keep an overview of these developments and to give instructors (and researchers) a guideline for their own professional efforts at hand, we introduce a research-informed framework for designing experimental tasks in contemporary physics lab courses. In addition, we demonstrate within the scope of the EU-co-funded DigiPhysLab project how the framework can be used to characterize existing or develop new high-quality experimental tasks for physics lab courses.
Exploring students’ views about basic concepts in introductory quantum mechanics
Authors: Giuliana G. , Marzoli I. , Testa I. , Scotti di Uccio U.
Published: May 2024

Literature in physics education shows that students still experience difficulties learning quantum mechanics, although it is now part of the high school curriculum and many research-based proposals are available. Prior works mostly focused on specific misconceptions and a clearer picture of students’ ideas on general quantum concepts is still lacking. We addressed these issues by inspecting, through multiple correspondence analysis and cluster analysis, the responses given by 408 Italian high school and undergraduate students to a Likert scale questionnaire on quantum physics. From our preliminary results, we can conclude that the majority of students leave high school and enter university without a sound model of the quantum world.
“The Elegance of Quantum Mechanics”: a didactic path for high school
Authors: Lovisetti Luisa , Melli Ester , Giliberti Marco
Published: May 2024

This paper describes the work of design, testing and evaluation of the effectiveness of a pilot teaching-learning sequence on Quantum Mechanics (QM) presented to high school students and teachers. The aim is to construct a path starting from the discussion of real experiments to get to the mathematical basic structure of QM, and to test whether this path can be effectively proposed at high school level. The experimentation consisted of 10 Zoom meetings, between October 2021 and January 2022. At the end of each of the first nine meetings, each student was given a form aimed at bringing out the reasoning used, and the level of understanding achieved. At the end of the course a satisfaction survey was also given. The effectiveness of the activity was assessed by means of all homework and interviews with 13 students and 6 teachers.
An approach to the Second Quantum Revolution for secondary school students: the case of the random walk algorithm
Authors: Satanassi Sara , Ercolessi Elisa , Levrini Olivia
Published: May 2024

The teaching of quantum technologies has now become a leading topic and is at the heart of numerous international programs (e.g., quantum flagship, National Quantum Initiative, UK national quantum technology program) with the aim of widening the workforce and preparing the next generations of experts. In the present contribution, we present an approach for teaching the Second Quantum Revolution to secondary school students that we developed in recent years. The approach aims to emphasize the ongoing revolution as first of all a cultural revolution and its intrinsic interdisciplinary character. As an emblematic case of some aspects of the approach, we present an activity on the classical and quantum random walk algorithms whose main aims are to recontextualize some basic quantum concepts (quantum state, state manipulation/evolution, measurement, and entanglement) in the case of the algorithm and to reflect on the main differences between the classical and quantum case in terms of logic behind its functioning as well as from an epistemological perspective.
Evaluation of Croatian students’ physics knowledge during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Štibi I , Čepič M , Pavlin J
Published: May 2024

The paper presents the results of the study in physics learning during the pandemic in Croatian schools. The aim of the study was to identify students’ views on physics lessons and problems with the online study process, as well as their knowledge. Data were collected by an online questionnaire in the school year 2020/2021 and knowledge tests for each level of pre-university education for two testing cycles, school year 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. The results of the questionnaire show that, from the students’ point of view, teaching during the pandemic was as detailed as in regular classes, and experiments were conducted very rarely. The knowledge test results show the difference in the level of physics knowledge in the pre-pandemic period, during online and hybrid classes.
First results using a Home-Kit designed in the COSID-20 project: teaching physics laboratory at a distance
Authors: Rosi T , Zendri G , Tufino E , Toffaletti S , Oss S , Onorato P
Published: May 2024

We designed and tested a personalized home-kit that was distributed to students in a Physics Education course during the pandemic as part of the COSID-20 project. A goal of the design of the kit was to be inexpensive enough to be attractive to schools and universities: a collaboration with a local start-up has proven very valuable in this sense. In this work we will present our kit, discussing how to be able to perform many different experiments with low-cost, easy to find materials and tools.
Evaluation of a university seminar on the use of digital media in the physics classroom
Authors: Weiler David , Burde Jan-Philipp , Große-Heilmann Rike , Lachner Andreas , Riese Josef , Schubatzky Thomas
Published: May 2024

Fostering digital competencies is an important aspect of pre-service teacher education. However, for physics, there is a lack of systematically surveyed and evidence-based seminars that specifically take into account relevant research findings. Thus, we developed a research-based seminar on the effective use of digital media in physics classrooms and investigated its effects on pre-service teachers (PSTs) professional competencies in a mixed-methods design. Our quantitative analyses of different competence components surveyed in a pre-post-design indicate that the seminar leads to an increase in motivation to use digital media in the physics classroom. Nevertheless, no significant increase in digital-media PCK was found, which could be due to the small sample. The seminar design, however, was predominantly evaluated positively by experts and PSTs in guided interviews. Based on the results, it is planned to further refine the original seminar using a Design-Based Research approach.
Physics Teachers and use of Sensors by Pupils Themselves, Preliminary Ideas of Typology of Physics Teachers
Authors: Novotná S , Demkanin P
Published: May 2024

Sensors for use in schools within physics education have a firm place in many educational systems. However, even in these educational systems, some teachers do not use them. In this contribution, we offer preliminary ideas leading to the preparation of a typology of physics teachers. We start with the model of personality developed by C.R. Cloninger and proceed with preliminary work by the team from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, focused on Teachers on the Market: A Typology of Teachers’ Philosophy, Mission, Vision, and Values. Finally, we try to ground our work on the neuroscience view of teachers formulated by T. Tokuhama-Espinosa.
Properties of self-compacting concrete developed using marble dust as a partial replacement of fine aggregates
Authors: Singh Harkamal , Teja Chukka Venkata , Kumar Vivek , Singh Himanshu , Sharma Amol
Published: May 2024

This study looked into the possibility of substituting marble dust for some of the fine aggregates used in concrete production. The purpose was to determine if such a substitute may improve concrete’s properties while also minimizing the negative consequences of mining and processing natural sand and assisting in the attainment of sustainability goals. Experimental testing was done on a variety of concrete mixtures that contained various amounts of sand and marble dust. Compressive strength, flexural strength, and workability were evaluated for a control mix consisting entirely of unrefined sand. The results showed that there was little difference in concrete’s compressive or flexural strength when up to 30% marble dust was used in place of sand. The workability and strength, on the other hand, decreased as marble dust concentrations rose. contains marble dust.
Research on Design and Analysis of Multi-Story Building by using AutoCAD and STAAD-Pro
Authors: Verma Monika , Bisen Gagan , Reddy Sura Naveen Kumar , Singh Abhinandan , Narnoli Vishal Kumar
Published: May 2024

“The population of India is the second highest in the world as per the 2022 report” [1]. In order to live well, there is an increasing demand for adequate infrastructure. People are migrating from rural to urban regions. Problems will rise due to the high population in urban areas. Due to a lack of available land for construction in metropolitan areas, high-rise building structures are becoming more necessary to address the population density issue. High-rise structures are in high demand, and their construction must be completed without compromising any of the three criteria of cost, timeliness, and safety. AutoCAD design software enables the production of both 2D and 3D drawings for use in constructing multi-story buildings. This study aims to utilize the software package STAAD-Pro to analyze and design a multi-story building, following the production of 2D and 3D drawings using AutoCAD. STAAD-Pro offers a far quicker method of structural analysis and planning for the likelihood of the fewest faults. The design involves load calculations and analyzing the whole structure by STAAD Pro. “The method used in STAAD Pro analysis is Limit State Design followed by Indian Standard Codes. The loads considered for designing the building are dead loads, live loads, and Wind loads. For analyzing a multi-storied building, one has to consider all the possible loadings and see that the structure is safe against all possible loading conditions” [2]. The aim of this study is to analyze the structural behavior of the building and ensure that it meets the necessary design standards and codes. To remain competitive in the constantly expanding market, it is crucial for structural engineers to optimize their time management. This study highlights the importance of using advanced software tools in the design and analysis of complex structures to ensure their safety and stability.
BIM based on energy & cost analysis in response to the day light intensity of a building
Authors: Chowdhury Arpon , Ganesh S.
Published: May 2024

Construction of building with proper auditing of energy is one of the challenges faced in the AEC (Architecture Engineering and Construction) industries. The need of opt sources of energy affordability in the building lights can reduce the consumption of electricity and cut down the cost of bills. The trending application in using building information modelling (BIM) for the energy saving concept on daylight factors in various building like government office, commercial complex, school building and office building are significant to achieve the sustainability goals on sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production including life on land. For the present studies, perspective BIM model is developed for the G+1 residential building covering the plot area of 1,815 square feet located in Phagwara, India. The building plan is prepared considering the sunlight orientation to configure the maximum daylight and ventilation are provided for the building as per the prevailing wind direction towards North-East latitude and longitude of 31° 13’ 26.4720’' N and 75° 46’ 14.8728’' E respectively. On the aspect of saving energy, the solar panel idea is added over the roof top, which can be utilized for the electric geysers and garden lighting, excess energy is used for the recharging of inverter batteries of the house. The energy model is audited with conventional building, it is understood the annual energy consumption has decreased to 36.9 k Wh/m2/ year as per the Punjab state electric board. Building Energy Simulation (BES) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) data is collected as per the location of the building, further the details are used for the modelling by using the Autodesk Revit and Autodesk Insight. Energy Used Intensity identified as less than 14.6 kWh/m2/year is needed to meet the Passive House criteria as per the studies, which can reduce the daylight effect on energy consumption. Therefore, it is understood, by the application of BIM is adding the virtual importance and elicit awe in the civil engineering domain.
Comparative investigation of the bulk and electronic properties of dimethyl disulphide adsorbed indium doped zigzag graphene nanoribbon: A DFT Study
Authors: Phull Jaskaran Singh , Kaur Harmandar , Singh Manjit , Sarangal Himali , Singh Butta
Published: May 2024

For the purpose of understanding the adsorption process using the density functional theory method, the bulk and electronic properties of the complex consisting of dimethyl disulphide (C2H6S2) and indium doped zigzag graphene nanoribbon are investigated. Also, a comparison with the electronic and bulk characteristics of indium-doped zigzag graphene nanoribbon is made with molecule adsorbed zigzag graphene nanoribbon. Following complete geometric optimization, the electronic and bulk characteristics are calculated. The stated complex’s structural changes exhibit observable differences, prompting further research based on its electronic properties. Calculating the complex’s various electronic properties reveals that it possesses semi metallic behavior.
Modelling and numerical simulation of high-speed railway slab track structure
Authors: Chholak Kiran , Dev Nirendra
Published: May 2024

In terms of maintenance and structural behavior, slab track proves to be an advantage over conventional ballasted track due to increasing train speed, axle load, and traffic density. Since the vibration, noise, and risk of derailment, all accelerate as train speed increases, an in-depth investigation of track dynamics becomes essential for identifying the fundamental cause of the problem. In this paper modelling and numerical simulation of high-speed railway slab track structure has been studied using finite element method. Using the multi-body simulation approach and the finite element method a model of the 3D slab track system is developed. The slab track model has rail, rail pad, and concrete slab, HBL, and subgrade layers. In order to determine the fundamental frequency and the mode shapes associated with it, a modal analysis is carried out. Dynamic response, or acceleration against frequency curves derived via harmonic response analysis, is the result of the numerical simulation. The dynamic reaction of the structure of a high-speed slab track is studied, and the effect of elastic materials on reducing vibration is investigated. The results suggest that a layer of elastic material, like a slab of mat, inserted between a layer of concrete slab and a layer of HBL is capable of lowering the amount of vibration response of the track.
Geospatial Assessment Of Urban Sprawl Using Remote Sensing And GIS: A Case Study of Western Himalayan City of Dharmashala, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Authors: Mehra Nishant , Swain Janaki Ballav
Published: May 2024

The small cities in the Asian subcontinent are supposedly going to witness exponential growth in the next two decades. The situation could be very challenging in Himalayan cities owing to topo-geographical complexities and limited resources in the region. The increasing population coupled with being a favored tourist destination had resulted in dispersed, inefficient, and unplanned built-up activities in the region. Monitoring the urban sprawl can help in adopting sustainable development strategies equally balanced towards the society and environment. The availability of geospatial data integrated into the GIS interface can help immensely in monitoring and measuring LULC changes and thereby help in formulating necessary interventions and strategies for realizing a sustainable ecosystem. The present study employs Landsat imagery for creating the built-up land cover maps for the year 2016, 2019, and 2022 and the ALOS-PALSAR Digital Elevation Model for understanding the trend and direction of urban sprawl in Dharamshala city. It was found in the study that the built-up dynamic index had increased to 23.3% from the year 2016 to 2022. The built-up growth rate for the study period was found to be 145% for the elevation less than and equal to 1000m, 143% for elevations ranging from 1000-1500m, and 119% for the elevation greater than 1500m. The built-up growth rate for a distance up to 100 m from the streams was 119% from the year 2016 to 2022. The geospatial risk assessment highlights potential threats in the region due to increased built up activities, emphasizing the need for prompt intervention by policy-makers, administrators, and environmentalists to advocate for a sustainable development model.
Impact of Humic Acid and Sulphur application on growth and yield of Indian Mustard under variable Water moisture regimes
Authors: Manna Toko , Siddique Anaytullah
Published: May 2024

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is an important oilseed crop cultivated in various regions of the world, particularly in India. However, its productivity faces limitations due to various abiotic factors, notably variable soil moisture. This study aimed to explore the influence of humic acid and sulphur application on Indian mustard growth and yield within different moisture regimes. A field experiment was conducted in rabi season, employing a split plot design with four replications. Four moisture treatments were imposed: (1) no post sowing irrigation, (2) one post sowing irrigation (3) two post sowing irrigation and (4) three post sowing irrigation. Within each moisture regime, four treatment groups were established: (A) control (no application), (B) humic acid alone, (C) sulphur alone, and (D) a combination of humic acid and sulphur. The results revealed significant improvements in various growth and yield parameters when humic acid and sulphur were applied, particularly under moisture stress conditions. Application of humic acid and sulphur enhanced root development, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate, which ultimately led to increased plant height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation. Notably, the combined application exhibited synergistic effects, resulting in the highest yield increments, especially under severe moisture stress. This study provides valuable insights into the potential advantages of incorporating humic acid and sulphur as soil amendments in Indian mustard cultivation, particularly in moisture-variable regions. The results highlight the combined application’s effectiveness in mitigating water scarcity effects, thereby promoting sustainable agriculture and bolstering food security.
Water Quality Assessment using different Indices for Irrigation Purpose at Wardha District
Authors: Shende Ashay Devidas , Sahoo Mrunmayee M. , Tekade Shrikant A.
Published: May 2024

With the help of multiple indices (SAR, LI, RI, SSP, and RSC) for irrigation, the current study set out to determine the level of groundwater pollution in the Wardha region. The research involved 15 villages in the Wardha District, five from each of Wardha, Seloo, and Hinganghat. Over the course of two years, 90 samples were taken from fifteen groundwater structures. 13 physicochemical factors and 5 indices were evaluated using analysis. The study discovered that the groundwater sources in each of the 15 villages in the Wardha District are contaminated, making the water unfit for human consumption and necessitating some sort of filtration before usage for domestic or agricultural purposes. The findings of Langlier that practically all groundwater samples exhibit factors that cause scaling are supported by the Ryznar index values, which range from 5 to 7. SAR data indicates that around 60% of the groundwater being examined had low levels (10.0).
Effects of Air Pollution on Surface Water Contamination
Authors: Sharma Anuj Kumar , Gupta Mohit , Khan Salman Ali , Neem Ashwani , Kumar Himanshu , Bhati Anubhav , Patel Utkarsh
Published: May 2024

Water is unpolluted for life, but when it is polluted, it dies. we are known pollution big problem for any country today. An engineer is a scientist who finds a solution to this problem. Some major problems for Environment pollution are water, air, land and sound pollution. This pollution is harmful to the environment, humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. It also affects aquatic life and water parameters. Not only India but also other countries suffer from the same problem. Air pollutants increase the alkalinity of the water surface with the changes of Ph, BOD and turbidity, which directly affects the water surface. Some human activities that affect water quality include fertilizers, mining, industrial waste emissions, animal activity, domestic waste, burning fossil fuels, especially coal, and as-loaded water for irrigation. Water use, As-based pesticides, herbicides, and leisure activities. Air pollution and smoke debris are a complicated combination of natural and inorganic debris which include soot, smoke droplets and aerosols. The purpose of this study is to produce pm diagrams of water quality parameters such as turbidity, COD, pH, Total dissolved solids, and hardness.
MetaPhyNet: intelligent design of large-scale metasurfaces based on physics-driven neural network
Authors: Su Jian Lin , You Jian Wei , Chen Long , Yu Xin Yi , Yin Qing Chun , Yuan Guo Hang , Huang Si Qi , Ma Qian , Zhang Jia Nan , Cui Tie Jun
Published: May 2024

Metasurface has garnered extensive attention across multiple disciplines owing to its profound capability in electromagnetic (EM) manipulations. To determine its EM characteristics accurately, full-wave simulations are essential. These simulations necessitate significant amounts of time and memory resources, hindering the efficiency of the design process. In this article, we propose MetaPhyNet, a novel physics-driven neural network based on temporal coupled-mode theory (CMT) to address the challenges of low efficiency and high memory consumption in large-scale metasurface design. In the proposed approach, a surrogate model is developed to achieve rapid prediction of the EM responses of ultra-large-scale metasurfaces. In comparison with the full-wave EM simulation, the proposed model reduces the simulation time of the ultra-large-scale metasurface by up to two orders of magnitude and the memory consumption by more than two orders of magnitude. Our proposed approach aims to enhance the efficiency and intelligence in metasurface design by leveraging the principles of CMT within a neural network framework. Through this innovative integration of physics-based modeling and machine learning, we seek to achieve significant advancements in the design efficiency of metasurfaces. We apply the proposed model to optimize the design of two metasurface absorbers to showcase the effectiveness of our proposed approach. Simulations and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the value and impact of our approach in addressing existing challenges in full-wave EM simulation-based design optimizations of metasurfaces.