bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CROMqs: An infinitesimal successive refinement lossy compressor for the quality scores
Authors: No Albert , Hernaez Mikel , Ochoa Idoia
Published: July 2020

The amount of sequencing data is growing at a fast pace due to a rapid revolution in sequencing technologies. Quality scores, which indicate the reliability of each of the called nucleotides, take a significant portion of the sequencing data. In addition, quality scores are more challenging to compress than nucleotides, and they are often noisy. Hence, a natural solution to further decrease the size of the sequencing data is to apply lossy compression to the quality scores. Lossy compression may result in a loss in precision, however, it has been shown that when operating at some specific rates, lossy compression can achieve performance on variant calling similar to that achieved with the losslessly compressed data (i.e. the original data).

We propose Coding with Random Orthogonal Matrices for quality scores (CROMqs), the first lossy compressor designed for the quality scores with the “infinitesimal successive refinability” property. With this property, the encoder needs to compress the data only once, at a high rate, while the decoder can decompress it iteratively. The decoder can reconstruct the set of quality scores at each step with reduced distortion each time. This characteristic is specifically useful in sequencing data compression, since the encoder does not generally know what the most appropriate rate of compression is, e.g. for not degrading variant calling accuracy. CROMqs avoids the need of having to compress the data at multiple rates, hence incurring time savings. In addition to this property, we show that CROMqs obtains a comparable rate-distortion performance to the state-of-the-art lossy compressors. Moreover, we also show that it achieves a comparable performance on variant calling to that of the lossless compressed data while achieving more than 50% reduction in size.
Cylindrical shock wave in a self-gravitating perfect gas with azimuthal magnetic field via Lie group invariance method
Authors: Nath G. , Devi Arti
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we have studied the propagation of cylindrical shock waves in a self-gravitating perfect gas under the influence of azimuthal magnetic field. The method of Lie group invariance is used to construct some special class of self-similar solutions in the presence of the azimuthal magnetic field. The different cases of solutions with a power law and exponential law shock paths are obtained with the choice of arbitrary constants appearing in the expressions for the infinitesimal generators. The similarity solution for cylindrical shock wave with power law shock path is discussed in detail. The effects of variation of Alfven-Mach number, gravitation parameter, initial density variation index and adiabatic exponent on the flow variables are analyzed graphically. It is obtained that the increase in the values of Alfven-Mach number, gravitation parameter and adiabatic exponent have decaying effect on the shock strength. Also, the shock strength increases with an increase in the values of initial density variation index. A comparison is also made between the solutions in gravitating and non-gravitating cases in the presence of magnetic field.
A Study on N-Type Bismuth Sulphochloride (BiSCl): Efficient Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Zhang H. , Sun S. H. , Liu J. C. , Hong F. , Zhu Y. , Zhou B. , Hu Y. M.
Published: July 2020

Irregular rod-like bismuth sulphochloride (BiSCl) was synthesized by a high efficiency process in which BiCl3 and Bi2S3 were fully ground and mixed in N2 atmosphere followed by a sintering at 227∘C for 9 h to achieve crimson BiSCl powder. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The BiSCl is an n-type semiconductor with a bandgap of 1.9 eV. In the temperature range of 300–500 K, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of the BiSCl were tested and calculated. It is resulted that the BiSCl has a thermal conductivity of 0.45 Wm−1K−1 at 500 K and a Seebeck coefficient of −579 μVK−1 at 400 K. This work will help inform future in-depth studies on possible applications of BiSCl in the fields of thermoelectricity, optoelectronics and photocatalyticity.
Development of a High Energy Density, Long Cycle Life and Safety Enhanced Li-S Battery
Authors: Xing Weibing
Published: July 2020

Rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are widely considered the most promising “Beyond Li-Ion” candidates, notably for their high theoretical specific capacity/energy and energy density. Other compelling attributes of Li-S batteries include high natural abundance and low cost of S materials, and safety characteristics owing to an intrinsic tolerance to overcharge. In addition, the primary constituents of Li-S batteries are non-toxic and environmentally friendly. However, some significant technical challenges have thus far prevented the realization of the tremendous energy density and performance potentials of Li-S batteries. Here we show a holistic/comprehensive approach to address the multifaceted technical challenges facing Li-S batteries.
Effect of Electrolyte Additives on Cycling Performance of 18650 Graphite//NMC811 Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Tubtimkuna Suchakree , Sawangphruk Montree , Duriyasart Farkfun
Published: July 2020

The practical application of Nickel-rich NMC811lithium-ion battery cylindrical cell type 18650 has been limited with its poor cycling stability due to transition metal dissolution, microcrack of NMC811 cathode, and thermodynamic instability of graphite anode. Herein, we study the effect of each electrolyte additive; VC, VEC, FEC, and PS, on the stability performance of the battery by varying the additive content at 1%, 2% and 3%. The study revealed the effect of electrolyte additives on the creation of stable SEI and CEI layers, which efficiently protected the surface of anode and cathode, respectively. It was found that high capacity retention of 61.98% can be obtained after 70 cycles, when 3%wt of VC, VEC, FEC, and PS was added. The average degradation rate of 0.54% per cycle was also observed. The improvement of cycling performance of the battery is confirmed.
Effect of Tomography Resolution on Calculation of Microstructural Properties for Lithium Ion Porous Electrodes
Authors: Le Houx James , Osenberg Markus , Neumann Matthias , Binder Joachim R. , Schmidt Volker , Manke Ingo , Carraro Thomas , Kramer Denis
Published: July 2020

This work uses an open-source, data-driven, image-based modelling framework; OpenImpala. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) electrode samples were imaged using micro-CT. Two scans were performed using the Zeiss 160 kVp Versa 510 at the University of Southampton. The two scans were both carried out on the same sample and using the same focal point, this is so they could be used as a direct comparison to see how porosity and tortuosity changed with spatial resolution. It is found that the Bruggeman correlation significantly underestimates the tortuosity compared to the OpenImpala calculated results. It is also found that there is a larger statistical variability in the 801 nm results, whereas the 400 nm results have a much smaller standard deviation. These results were compared to computer-generated images based on FIB/SEM tomographic data of a single Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) porous active particle and found to have the same trends.
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Using CVD Graphene on Non-noble Metal Foams as Carbo-/Electro-Catalysts
Authors: Srimanon Krisara , Krittayavathananon Atiweena , Sarawutanukul Sangchai , Sawangphruk Montree , Duangdangchote Salatan
Published: July 2020

Herein, we present the catalytic activity of CVD graphene on copper and nickel foam substrates towards electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R). As the result, the graphene on nickel foam (GP/NiF) shows the lower onset potential (-0.6 V vs. RHE) of CO2R process in 0.1 M KHCO3 under sat. CO2 atmosphere than that of copper foam (GP/CuF), -1.0 V vs RHE. When increasing the concentrations of KHCO3 from 0.1 to 2.0 M, the current density of the GP/NiF electrode increases due to the reduction of H+ or increase of pH.
Terahertz Transmission Limiters Using Randomly Oriented Carbon Nanotubes Network Near Percolation Threshold
Authors: Park Junsung , Kim Jin Ho , Xu Jimmy , Shur Michael
Published: July 2020

We demonstrated a dramatic reduction in the terahertz (THz) transmittance and enhancement in the conductance of the carbon nanotube (CNT) random network system at high radiation intensities near the critical density limit. Amplification of the mesoscopic tunneling and rectification mechanism at the junctions between the adjacent nanotubes into the network induces the macroscopic phenomenon–optical limiting effect. In the percolative networks, the film conductance is dominantly determined by the electron tunneling at the CNT junctions, and the symmetry of the junctions breaks down by the randomness and defects in the network structure. This junction asymmetry enables the optical rectification and reduction of the tunneling barrier height when THz light impinges on the CNT network, and in turn enhancement in the CNT’s and their junctions’ conductance. Consequently, as the radiation intensity increases, the network becomes more conductive and less transparent.
Electrodeposition of Stoichiometric CdTe from a Reusable Ionic Liquid Bath
Authors: Patel Dipal B , Mukhopadhyay Indrajit , Chauhan Khushbu
Published: July 2020

Electrodeposition (ED) from ionic liquid (IL) medium is of much importance due to a variety of architectures can be synthesized by IL assisted growth. However, these liquids are relatively new for the fabrication of compounds and alloys with a great control over the stoichiometry and thickness. In this article, we have discussed the prerequisites and a detailed methodology to develop stoichiometric CdTe thin films from IL medium with required thicknesses in a controlled way. We have found that the required precursor ratio of Te:Cd can be lower down to 1:10 for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) IL which is usually 1:1000 for the aqueous electrolytes. Moreover, the aspect ratio of nanostructures can be tuned by changing the precursors’ ratio in IL bath. Nevertheless, IL can be reused multiple times to develop identical thin films which guarantee green and low cost pathway.
(Invited) Electrochemistry Meets Heterogeneous Catalysis: Solid Acid Based Electrochemical Cells Using Cu- and Pt-Based Electrodes in CO2 Containing Atmospheres
Authors: Hallinder Jonathan , Holtappels Peter , Mogensen Mogens Bjerg
Published: July 2020

Electrochemical reactors operating at intermediate temperatures (200 – 400 °C) have the advantage that they can be thermally integrated into other chemical processes like synthesis of synthetic fuels and chemicals, such as methanol and ammonia. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to chemical building blocks such as CO, CH3OH, and CH4 is a dream for electrochemists, and high faradaic efficiencies have been reported for liquid electrochemical cells operated at ambient temperature, using e.g. Cu electrodes. However, selectivity and electrochemical activity are far from being technically relevant, so that heterogeneous catalysis processes still are the matter of choice. In this contribution, solid state electrochemical cells under operating conditions close to the well-known catalytic synthesis of methanol. For CO2 reduction, cells based on CsH2PO4 as electrolyte and Cu based cathodes have been investigated towards their electrochemical activity in both H2/H2O and H2/H2O/CO2 containing atmospheres at elevated temperatures of 240 °C.
Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell Testing Up to the Above 30,000 h Time Range
Authors: Schefold Josef , Poepke Hendrik , Brisse Annabelle
Published: July 2020

A running steam electrolysis test with a 10Sc1CeSZ electrolyte supported cell with Ni/GDC hydrogen and LSCF oxygen electrodes has passed 34,000 h with -0.6 Acm-2 current density. The high specific ionic electrolyte conductivity allowed a moderate initial cell temperature (~780°C) for operation with a cell voltage close to the thermal neutral voltage (U
th ~1.29 V), i.e. with highest energy-conversion efficiency. Part of the wide margin for temperature increase was used for compensation of the voltage degradation, done after 20 and 31 kh, respectively. The resulting compensation rate of 0.9°C/kh extrapolates to a degradation compensated lifetime beyond current system requirements (>50,000 h). Compensation was traced with voltage-current curves and with impedance. Voltage degradation for constant temperature amounted, after several kh initial stabilisation, to (4 - 5) mV/kh (0.3 - 0.4 %/kh). Degradation was mainly ohmic, without clearly detectable non-ohmic electrode contributions. Non-ohmic terms therefore added to the compensation of ohmic degradation via temperature increase.
(Invited) Earth-Abundant Ni-Mo-S Based Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Chu Deryn , Li Jiangtian
Published: July 2020

Designing and synthesizing proper electrocatalysts with bifunctions for hydrogen and oxygen generation catalytic activity remains a great challenge. In this manuscript, we successfully develop and fabricate an earth abundant Ni-Mo-S based electrocatalyst that is bifunctionally active for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by water splitting in alkaline electrolyte (1M NaOH). Such an electrocatalyst demonstrates the capability for water splitting in alkaline electrolyte with an applied potential of 1.539 V at the current density of 10 mA/cm2 when used as both anode and cathode. Though detailed studies in the reaction mechanism are still further required, the results suggest that the geometrical high surface area and the modified electronic structures and surface chemistry are very important in designing bifunctional electrocatalysts.
Conductive Metal Oxide-Based Fuel Cell Catalyst Supports Prepared by Doping TiO2 with Si: Understanding the Role of Si Content
Authors: Sullivan Mason Thomas , Alipour Moghadam Esfahani Reza , Easton E. Bradley
Published: July 2020

We report the synthesis of a Ti3O5-Si (TOS) conductive metal oxide fuel cell catalyst support. TOS is prepared by doping TiO2 with Si, endowing the resultant material with enhanced electronic conductivity and durability. Support with various amounts of dopant were prepared and a 15-20 wt% Si was determined to be optimal. Intensive electrochemical durability testing shows that the TOS supports are highly stable making them highly suitable for use as a fuel cell catalyst support.
Investigation to Minimize Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Drift
Authors: Ziino Emily , Marnoto Sabrina , Halpern Jeffrey M
Published: July 2020

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a technique used to characterize physiochemical processes, especially in the field of biosensors. However, EIS has been known to have reproducibility issues due to an inherent drift. When taking repeated measurements of the same exact solution using EIS, impedance measurements have an increasing trend which can be detailed by a linear slope. The reported EIS drift ranges from 0.11 to 5.5 Ω/min. We studied the drift to assist with future data interpretation and model fitting. We discovered the cleanliness and treatment of the working electrode effects EIS drift, and the minimization of the drift can occur by rinsing the working electrode in-between repeated runs.
Cathodically Deposited Birnessite as the Electrode Material
Authors: Pugolovkin Leonid V. , Levin Eduard E. , Arkharova Natalya A , Orekhov Anton , Presnov Denis E , Tsirlina Galina A.
Published: July 2020

The data for birnessite deposited from alkaline permanganate solutions under two- and single step potentiostatic modes are reported. The analysis of capacity vs. scan rate dependences confirmed higher contribution of interfacial recharging to capacity of the compact nanoporous deposits as compared to more resistive ramified deposits with morphology typical for natural birnessite. Two-step mode allowed us to fabricate mm-thick deposits with satisfactory adhesion and the essential content of more favorable compact birnessite.
Application of a Holed Cathode and Anode Prepared with a Picosecond Pulsed Laser to Lithium Ion Battery (2) ~ Analysis of the Structure of Holed Cathode Layers ~
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuya , Gunji Takao , Tsuda Takashi , Ando Fuma , Ando Nobuo , Nakamura Susumu , Hayashi Narumi , Soma Naohiko , Matsumoto Futoshi
Published: July 2020

A holed structure formed in cathodes with a picosecond laser method, which could remarkably improve the high-rate performance, was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman microprobe spectroscopy, focused ion beam (FIB)-SEM and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Percussion drilling by the laser beam was adapted to produce holes. During the formation of holes in the lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) cathode layer, a very small amount of LFP was transformed to Fe2O3 by the laser irradiation. The laser evaporated the Al current collectors, and after laser ablation, Al deposits were formed on the sidewall of the holes by the cooling Al vapors. In addition, the laser irradiation caused an increase in the porosity of the LFP cathode layers due to the strong impact of the laser on the LFP layer. The three-dimensional (3D) electron pathway formed by the Al deposits and Al current collector plane and the increase in the porosity of the LFP layers enhanced Li+ ion and electron transfer in the LFP cathode layer, resulting in a remarkable improvement of the high-rate performance of holed cathodes.
Modification of Carbon Black by Thermal Decomposition of Lead Acetylacetonate to Improve Activities for Ethanol Oxidation at Supported Pt Catalysts
Authors: Hang Hui , Pickup Peter G
Published: July 2020

Thermal decomposition of lead acetylacetonate was used to modify high surface area carbon black supports for ethanol oxidation catalysts. X-ray diffraction showed that the main product was Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 (basic lead carbonate). Platinum nanoparticles were prepared separately and adsorbed onto the modified supports, and electrodes were fabricated by painting catalyst inks onto carbon fibre paper. The presence of Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 greatly enhanced the activity of the Pt nanoparticles for ethanol oxidation, particularly in cyclic voltammetry. However, a rapid decay of the enhancement was observed in chronoamperometry at low potentials, suggestion that there were changes in the nature of the Pb containing layer with time and potential in the aqueous sulfuric acid electrolyte.
Review—Solution Processing of CIGSe Solar Cells Using Simple Thiol-Amine Solvents Mixture: A Review
Authors: Albalawneh G , Ramli M
Published: July 2020

Recent results demonstrate the potential of thiol-amine binary solvents to prepare highly efficient thin-film chalcopyrite photovoltaic devices. The power of these solvent mixtures lies in their ability to dissolve a large variety of metal and metal chalcogenide precursors and their ease of application in low-temperature solution-based deposition techniques. This review recounts the early reports that revealed the flexibility and broad ability of the thiol-amine solvent system, and the chemistry behind these solvents. Next, the resulting CIGSe films PV devices fabricated using amine-thiol solution processing techniques are being introduced and analyzed in detail. Finally, Current challenges, as well as prospects for effective technology implementation, were discussed.
The mechanism of osmotically induced sealing of cardiac t tubules
Authors: Uchida Keita , Nikouee Azadeh , Moench Ian , Tamkus Greta , Elghoul Yasmine , Lopatin Anatoli N.
Published: July 2020

This study provides new insights into how t-tubular membranes respond to osmotic forces. In particular, the data show that osmotically induced sealing of cardiac t tubules is a threshold phenomenon initiated by detachment of t-tubular membrane from the underlying cytoskeleton. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that final sealing of t tubules is driven by negative hydrostatic intracellular pressure coincident with cell shrinking.
A Transformation Method for Delta Partial Difference Equations on Discrete Time Scale
Authors: Haider Syed Sabyel , Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to develop a transform method for discrete calculus. We define the double Laplace transforms in a discrete setting and discuss its existence and uniqueness with some of its important properties. The delta double Laplace transforms have been presented for integer and noninteger order partial differences. For illustration, the delta double Laplace transforms are applied to solve partial difference equation.
A Novel HER2-targeted Antibody–drug Conjugate Offers the Possibility of Clinical Dosing at Trastuzumab-equivalent Exposure Levels
Authors: Barfield Robyn M. , Kim Yun Cheol , Chuprakov Stepan , Zhang Fangjiu , Bauzon Maxine , Ogunkoya Ayodele O. , Yeo Dominick , Hickle Colin , Pegram Mark D. , Rabuka David , Drake Penelope M.
Published: July 2020

Trastuzumab and the related ADC, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), both target HER2-overexpressing cells. Together, these drugs have treatment indications in both early-stage and metastatic settings for HER2+ breast cancer. T-DM1 retains the antibody functionalities of trastuzumab and adds the potency of a cytotoxic maytansine payload. Interestingly, in the clinic, T-DM1 cannot always replace the use of trastuzumab plus chemotherapy administered together as single agents. We hypothesize that this failure may be due, in part, to the limited systemic exposure achieved by T-DM1 relative to trastuzumab because of toxicity-related dosing constraints on the ADC. We have developed a trastuzumab-based ADC site specifically conjugated to maytansine through a noncleavable linker. This construct, termed CAT-01-106, has a drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 1.8, approximately half the average DAR of T-DM1, which comprises a mixture of antibodies variously conjugated with DARs ranging from 0 to 8. The high DAR species present in T-DM1 contribute to its toxicity and limit its clinical dose. CAT-01-106 showed superior in vivo efficacy compared with T-DM1 at equal payload dosing and was equally or better tolerated compared with T-DM1 at equal payload dosing up to 120 mg/kg in Sprague–Dawley rats and 60 mg/kg in cynomolgus monkeys. CAT-01-106 also showed improved pharmacokinetics in rats relative to T-DM1, with 40% higher ADC exposure levels. Together, the data suggest that CAT-01-106 may be sufficiently tolerable to enable clinical dosing at trastuzumab-equivalent exposure levels, combining the functions of both the antibody and the payload in one drug and potentially improving patient outcomes.
Effects of Glycosaminoglycan from Urechis unicinctus on ADP-Induced Platelet Calcium and Membrane Glycoprotein Expressions in Rats
Authors: Cui Qingman , Zhao Ziyue , Gao Tong , Yuan Chunying
Published: July 2020

Background: Previous studies had shown that glycosaminoglycan (GAG) from Urechis unicinctus exerts an obvious antiplatelet aggregation effect. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of GAG from Urechis unicinctus on ADP-induced platelet calcium and membrane glycoprotein expressions in rats. Methods: Fura-2/AM fluorescence probe was used to measure intracytosolic free-calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of platelets and calculate platelet calcium influx and release concentrations. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expressions of platelet membrane glycoproteins GPIIb/IIIa (PAC-1) and P-selectin (CD62P) in rats. Results: The results showed that the GAG from U. unicinctus significantly inhibited the release of platelet calcium (p < 0.01) and the expressions of platelet GPII b/IIIa and P-selectin (p < 0.01) induced by ADP in rats but had no significant effect on the influx of platelet calcium (p > 0.01). Conclusions: This study indicated that GAG may inhibit platelet activation and aggregation by reducing the release of Ca2+ and ADP-induced expression of platelet membrane glycoprotein in rats.
Dietary Restriction Suppresses Steatosis-Associated Hepatic Tumorigenesis in Hepatitis C Virus Core Gene Transgenic Mice
Authors: Jia Fangping , Diao Pan , Wang Xiaojing , Hu Xiao , Kimura Takefumi , Nakamuta Makoto , Nakamura Ibuki , Shirotori Saki , Sato Yoshiko , Moriya Kyoji , Koike Kazuhiko , Gonzalez Frank J. , Nakayama Jun , Aoyama Toshifumi , Tanaka Naoki
Published: July 2020

Background and Aims: Dietary restriction (DR) is a preventive strategy for obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Although an interconnection between obesity, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma has been documented, the mechanism and impact of DR on steatosis-derived hepatocarcinogenesis are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate whether DR can prevent hepatic tumorigenesis. Methods: Male hepatitis C virus core gene transgenic (HCVcpTg) mice that develop spontaneous age-dependent insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and ensuing liver tumor development without apparent hepatic fibrosis, were fed with either a control diet ad libitum (control group) or 70% of the same control diet (DR group) for 15 months, and liver phenotypes were investigated. Results: DR significantly reduced the number and volume of liver tumors. DR attenuated hepatic oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress and markedly suppressed nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5, and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, leading to downregulation of several pro-oncogenic mediators, such as cyclin D1. Serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, as well as hepatic expression of insulin receptor substrate 1/2, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and serine/threonine-protein kinase AKT, were downregulated by DR. A transcriptome analysis revealed that STAT3 signaling and lipogenesis were the most suppressed hepatocarcinogenic pathways affected by DR. Additionally, DR stimulated autophagy and p62/sequestosome 1 degradation, enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α, increased fibroblast growth factor 21 expression, and attenuated expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes. Conclusion: DR suppressed steatosis-associated hepatic tumorigenesis in HCVcpTg mice, mainly due to attenuation of pathways involved in inflammation, cellular stress, cell proliferation, insulin signaling, and senescence. These findings support the notion that persistent 30% reduction of daily food intake is beneficial for preventing steatosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis caused by HCV core protein.
New Avenues to Investigate Childhood from the Perspective of the Sociology of Culture
Authors: Détrez Christine , Perronnet Clémence
Published: July 2020

In this article, Christine Détrez and Clémence Perronnet discuss the contributions of the sociology of culture to the study of childhood. They trace back the emergence of this approach in France and the theoretical and methodological challenges faced by a field of study that mobilizes concepts from both a bourdieusian theoretical framework and international cultural studies – with a particular focus on the concept of agency. The conversation also touches on the opportunities for future research, particularly on the learning of feeling rules and new digital practices and the early construction of inequalities in science during childhood.
New taxa of crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phaloriinae, Phalangopsinae, Itarinae and Podoscirtinae) from Borneo (Brunei Darussalam and Sandakan)
Authors: TAN MING KAI , JAPIR RAZY , CHUNG ARTHUR Y. C. , WAHAB RODZAY BIN HAJI ABDUL
Published: July 2020

Three new species were described from Borneo: Itara (Bornitara) spinosa sp. nov. and Aphonoides duri sp. nov. from Brunei and Varitrella (Cantotrella) suikei sp. nov. from Sandakan in Sabah. We describe the call of Varitrella (Cantotrella) suikei sp. nov. In addition to the new species descriptions, we also report new locality records of other recently discovered species: Borneloria spinosa Gorochov, 2018 in Belait (Brunei Darussalam), species of Anemozara Gorochov, 2014 in Brunei Darussalam and Terrozacla borneo Gorochov, 2014 in Belait.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Eurasian wryneck Jynx torquilla (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) and its phylogenetic inference
Authors: DU CHAO , LIU LI , LIU YUNPENG , FU ZHAOHUI
Published: July 2020

The Eurasian Wryneck is a species of wryneck woodpecker breeding in temperate regions of Europe and Asia. We sequenced the mitochondrial genome of Jynx torquilla (Aves, Piciformes, Picidae) using the next generation sequencing. The circular genome is 16,832 bp long, encoding 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and two control regions. Gene order and orientation are similar to the most common type suggested as ancestral for birds but have a 1,221 bp control region and a 60 bp remnant control region. Phylogenetic analyses of 17 piciform taxa, based on both nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mitochondrial PCGs, strongly support the monophyly of Picidae. All phylogenetic trees indicate that the subfamily Jynginae is a monophyletic lineage sister to other woodpeckers, including monophyletic Picinae. Only the Bayes inferred tree based on the nucleotide dataset, recovered Picumninae as monophyletic. These findings will be helpful for the understanding of the phylogeny and evolution of Picidae.
The Effect of Marijuana Legalization on Jail Populations in Washington State
Authors: Stanton Duane , Mei Xiaohan , Kim Sohee , Willits Dale , Stohr Mary , Hemmens Craig , Wu Guangzhen , Lu Ruibin , Makin David , Lovrich Nicholas
Published: July 2020

In 2012, Washington State legalized the production, sale, and possession of marijuana through Initiative 502. Advocates of legalization argued that it would decrease the jail population and reduce the disproportionate incarceration of minorities, reasoning that the police would refocus their resources on other matters. In order to evaluate this assumption, we examined jail booking data using a set of interrupted time-series regression models. Our findings indicate that jail population trends differ among counties across time and with respect to impacts on minorities and women. With regard to ethnic and racial disproportionate impact, there appears to be little positive change.
A study of the association between cognitive abilities and dietary intake in young women
Authors: Askari Masoumeh , Abbaszadeh Arefeh , Saharkhiz Mansoore , Karbasi Samira , Talebpour Amir , Fashami Akram Agha Amini , Rezapour Hadis , Hoseini Zahra Sadat , Mahmoudzadeh Sara , Ayadilord Malaksima , Ferns Gordon A , Bahrami Afsane
Published: July 2020

Background:

Cognitive abilities comprise activities that relate to receiving and responding to information from the environment, internal processing, making complex decisions, and then responding to this in the context of behavior.

Aim:

The current study investigated the association between dietary intake and seven aspects of cognitive abilities among healthy young women.

Methods:

The study was carried out among 182 women aged 18–25 years. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire containing 65 food items was used to estimate dietary intake. Neuropsychological function and cognitive abilities of participants were determined using standard questionnaires.

Results:

Significant differences were found in depression, anxiety, stress, physical, and mental health-related quality of life as well as daytime sleepiness for the participants in different quartiles of cognitive abilities score ( p<0.05). Participants in the fourth quartile of cognitive abilities score consumed significantly higher energy, carbohydrate, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, and riboflavin compared to those in the lowest quartile ( p<0.05). There were strong correlations between total cognitive abilities score and dietary sodium, calcium, phosphorus, and thiamin ( p<0.05). Using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, iron and thiamin were statistically significant factors for the prediction of cognitive abilities.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that neurocognitive function is related to dietary macro and micronutrients including energy, carbohydrate, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, and riboflavin on cognitive performance among young women without memory deficit.
Two newly-emerging substituted phenethylamines MAL and BOD induce differential psychopharmacological effects in rodents
Authors: Custodio Raly James Perez , Sayson Leandro Val , Botanas Chrislean Jun , Abiero Arvie , Kim Mikyung , Lee Hyun Jun , Ryu Hye Won , Lee Yong Sup , Kim Hee Jin , Cheong Jae Hoon
Published: July 2020

Background:

Recently, the recreational use of substituted phenethylamines has grown rapidly. Among these are 2-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-((2-methylallyl)oxy)phenyl)ethanamine (MAL) and 2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-methoxyethan-1-amine (BOD). However, studies characterizing their abuse potential are still lacking.

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the abuse potential of MAL and BOD.

Methods:

The psychostimulant, reinforcing, and rewarding properties of MAL and BOD were analyzed using locomotor sensitization, self-administration, and conditioned place preference tests. Dopamine antagonists (i.e. SCH23390, haloperidol) were administered during conditioned place preference to evaluate the involvement of the mesolimbic dopamine system. Furthermore, dopamine-related protein expression in the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area was measured along with dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens. Electroencephalography was conducted to determine effects of MAL and BOD on brain wave activity.

Results:

MAL induced psychostimulant effects and sensitization, while BOD induced locomotor depression in mice. Only MAL was self-administered by rats. Both drugs induced conditioned place preference in mice at different doses; dopamine receptor antagonists blocked MAL- and BOD-induced conditioned place preference. Both the compounds altered the expression of dopamine receptor D1 and D2 proteins in the nucleus accumbens and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter in the ventral tegmental area, enhanced dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, and increased delta and gamma wave activities in the brain.

Conclusions:

MAL may induce abuse potential via the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and possibly accompanied by alterations in brain wave activity. Moreover, the lack of rewarding and reinforcing effects in BOD suggest that this drug may have little to no capability to engender compulsive behavior, though having found to induce alterations in dopaminergic system and brain wave activities.
Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on a Target Moving in Front of a Static or Random Dynamic Visual Noise
Authors: Battaglini Luca
Published: July 2020

Observers report seeing as slower a target disk moving in front of a static visual noise (SVN) background than the same object moving in front of a random dynamic visual noise (rDVN) background when the speed is the same. To investigate in which brain region (lower vs. higher visual areas) the background and the target signals might be combined to elicit this misperception, the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered over the early visual cortex (V1/V2), middle temporal area (MT) and Cz (control site) while participants performed a speed discrimination task with targets moving in front of an SVN or an rDVN. Results showed that the TMS over MT reduced the perceived speed of the target moving in front of an SVN, but not when the target was moving in front of an rDVN background. Moreover, the TMS do not seem to interfere with encoding processing but more likely affected decoding processing in conditions of high uncertainty (i.e., when targets have similar speed).
Computer Vision for Rapid Updating of the Highway Asset Inventory
Authors: Strain Tom , Eddie Wilson R. , Littleworth Roger
Published: July 2020

In this paper, a decision support system is proposed to assist an analyst in updating the highway roadside asset inventory. The feasibility of the system is tested with assets along an 8 km section of the A27 highway on the south coast of England, UK. Survey data from a vehicle equipped with a single forward-facing camera and a GPS-enabled inertial measurement unit, aerial imagery of the highway, and the asset inventory are fused to develop the system. The camera on the vehicle is calibrated so that assets may be automatically located within the survey images. The assets are then classified by a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network. Therefore, those assets recorded correctly in the inventory and those needing further manual inspection are automatically identified. Three different asset types are considered (traffic signs, matrix signs, and reference marker posts), and overall 91% of the assets in a withheld test set are verified automatically. Thus the analyst is presented with a much smaller set of assets for which the inventory is incorrect and which require further inspection. We therefore demonstrate the value in fusing multiple data sources to develop decision support systems for transportation asset monitoring.
Epistemic Communities in Unlikely Regions: The Role of Multi-level Governance in Fostering Regionalism
Authors: Mattiuzzi Elizabeth , Chapple Karen
Published: July 2020

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development recently awarded regional planning grants to seventy-four regions, raising the question of whether these regions were able to form lasting cross-sectoral knowledge communities (“epistemic communities”). We conduct in-depth case studies examining the politics and mechanics of how epistemic communities formed and have continued in regions where it might be challenging to do so (in Arkansas, Tennessee, and Virginia), finding that the planning process promoted the growth of regional networks and incipient governance. We trace the new collaboration to the federal program, suggesting a role for higher levels of government in fostering regionalism.
“Down Woodward”: A Case Study of Empowering Youth to See and Disrupt Segregation Using Photovoice Methods
Authors: Aldana Adriana , Richards-Schuster Katie , Checkoway Barry
Published: July 2020

This case study examined how the Michigan Youth Policy Fellows program—which aimed to create a space for a team of adolescents to engage in a collaborative photovoice project with peers from diverse backgrounds—empowered young people to critically analyze and interrupt racial segregation. The study describes how nine racially and socioeconomically diverse adolescent girls and boys (14–17 years old), from the inner city and suburbs of Detroit, collectively evaluated the cultural, economic, and racial markers of differences found along one of the region’s thoroughfares, Woodward Avenue. The case study used multiple sources of data, collected over 8 years from 2006 to 2014, and a hybrid inductive-deductive analysis approach to examine the process of youth empowerment. The collaborative nature of the photovoice tour helped youth move from critical self-reflection of lived experiences to a collective understanding of segregation and inequality in the metropolitan region. The findings also suggest that engagement in a photovoice project fostered collective action through intergroup advocacy and supported youths’ civic development. As a practical method, the case study demonstrates that photovoice is a useful tool for group empowerment with adolescents.
Comparison of Student Pharmacists’ Clinical Interventions by Semester During APPE Internal Medicine and Critical Care Rotations
Authors: Casey Molly R. , Smith Susan M. , Griffiths Carrie L.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Students contribute to health care through clinical interventions made during rotations. Previous studies assessed student interventions through cost savings instead of student progression throughout the year.

Objective:

The purpose of this project is to assess clinical interventions made by student pharmacists completing internal medicine and critical care rotations during their Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPE) year to determine whether there is a difference in the number and type of interventions between three 3-block rotations, rotation type, and participation in a concentrated learning experience.

Methods:

Student clinical interventions from 2013 to 2018 were collected. Interventions were organized into categories and subcategories. The primary end point was the difference in the number of interventions between rotation blocks 1 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 9. Secondary objectives compared interventions based on rotation type and participation in a concentrated learning experience. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact tests were conducted.

Results:

A total of 848 interventions were analyzed. Average student interventions were 39 in blocks 1 to 3, 18 in blocks 4 to 6, and 62 in blocks 7 to 9. Interventions were significantly above the median for students in blocks 1 to 3 and blocks 7 to 9 compared to blocks 4 to 6 ( P = .048 and P = .036), respectively. Interventions were significantly above the median for students completing critical care rotations ( P = .03). No significant difference was noted in the number of interventions above the median based on participation in a concentrated learning experience ( P = .34).

Conclusions:

Although a difference exists in the number of interventions made during 3 semesters, more research is needed to assess the relationship of rotation block, student program, and rotation type to intervention number.
Dignity as an Intersubjective Phenomenon: Experiences of Dyads Living With Serious Illness
Authors: Persson Carina , Benzein Eva , Morberg Jämterud Sofia
Published: July 2020

Research results suggest that illness can undermine patients’ dignity and that dignity can be understood as an experience formed in communion with others. The aim of this study was, therefore, to illuminate the meanings of lived experiences of dignity as an intersubjective phenomenon from the perspective of dyads in palliative care. The authors analyzed transcripts from interviews with nine dyads using a phenomenological–hermeneutical method. Within the contexts of the dyadic relationship and the dyadic–health care professional relationship, the authors’ interpretation revealed two meanings based on the participants’ lived experiences: “Being available,” related to responding and being responded to in terms of answerability and we-ness, and “Upholding continuity,” linked to feeling attached through the maintenance of emotional bonds and being connected through upholding valued activities and qualities in daily living. The authors further reflected on the meanings in relation to philosophically grounded concepts such as presence, objectification, dependence, and dyadic body.
Why Is Student Deviance Lower in Japan Than in the United States?: Influences of Individual, Parental, Peer, Social, and Environmental Factors
Authors: Kobayashi Emiko , Farrington David P.
Published: July 2020

Drawing on the cultural collectivism–individualism literature, we predict that Japanese students, compared to Americans, tend to commit fewer deviant acts because they are less inclined toward individualistic value orientations, risk seeking, negative emotionality, and subjective stress; because they are exposed to greater parental discipline and have stronger parental attachment; because they have weaker peer attachment and associate with peers who react less favorably to deviance; because they have stronger bonds to conventional society and greater social support from significant others; and because they are exposed to fewer deviance opportunities. Analyses of comparable data from college students in Japan ( N = 469) and the United States ( N = 594) provided mixed support for our predictions. As expected, Japanese students committed fewer deviant acts during their high school days. Furthermore, consistent with expectations, Japanese students had lower scores on all four individual factors, the two peer factors, and the environmental factor of deviance opportunities. After controlling for these seven factors, the effect of Japan versus the United States decreased by one third. The decrease was not greater at least partly because, in Japan, compared to the United States, risk seeking had significantly less influence on student deviance, and subjective stress had significantly more influence on student deviance.
Hydrogen Peroxide 40% for the Treatment of Seborrheic Keratoses
Authors: Funkhouser Colton H. , Coerdt Kathleen M. , Haidari Wasim , Cardis Michael A.
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Hydrogen peroxide 40% (HP40) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for topical treatment of seborrheic keratosis (SK) in December 2017. This article will review phase II and III clinical trials to assess the drug’s efficacy, safety, and clinical application.

Data Sources:

A systematic literature review was performed using the terms “Eskata AND seborrheic keratosis,” and “hydrogen peroxide AND seborrheic keratosis” in the OVID MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched to identify ongoing or nonpublished studies.

Study Selection and Data Abstraction:

Articles written in English between January 2000 and mid-June 2020 discussing phase II and phase III clinical trials were evaluated.

Data Synthesis:

In 2 phase III clinical trials, 4% and 8% of patients treated with HP40 had a Physician Lesion Assessment score of zero for all 4 SKs, respectively, compared with 0% in both vehicle groups at the primary end point of day 106 ( P < 0.01; P < 0.0001).

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

HP40, although less effective, has a better safety profile than other treatment options. It should be especially considered for treatment of facial SKs, where it is most efficacious and where other treatment modalities, such as cryotherapy, are more challenging.

Conclusions:

HP40 is a new, safe alternative treatment for SKs, although it is expensive and only modestly effective, both of which somewhat limit its overall utility. HP40 is a promising topical alternative, particularly for cosmetically sensitive locations, such as the face.
Imagining and instituting future media: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Pentzold Christian , Kaun Anne , Lohmeier Christine
Published: July 2020

In our fast-forward times, the special issue ‘Back to the Future: Telling and Taming Anticipatory Media Visions and Technologies’ examines the future-making capacity of networked services and digital data. Its contributions ask about the role media play in forecasting the future and their part in bringing it about. And they are interested in the expectations and anticipatory visions that accompany the formation and spread of new media. Along these lines, the eight articles in this special issue explore the future-making dimension of new media. As a whole, they provide an empirically grounded analysis of the ways media reconfigure the relations and distances among present, past, and future times. The contributions delineate imaginaries of futures related to digital media. Furthermore, they attend to interventions into the plans and efforts of making futures and they inquire about the creation of differently vast and (un)certain horizons of expectation. Together, the articles share the assumption that mediated futures are actively accomplished and enacted; they do not simply appear or wait for us to arrive in them.