bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Challenge of Preparing and Testing Combinatorial Compound Libraries in the Fast Lane, at the Front End of Drug Development
Authors: Felder Eduard R.
Published: March 2022

Combinatorial Compound Libraries (CCL) are at the front end of the development of new chemical entities. They are the result of a pragmatic, goal-oriented attitude, which emphasizes the discovery side of research activities. The odds to bump into a discovery, however, are pushed to
the extreme with rigorously planned rationales. The CCL field has its origin in peptide chemistry but is migrating into general organic chemistry. The incentive is the coveted goal to be able to prepare large libraries of 'small molecules'. Efforts are directed towards an expansion of the
repertoire of high yield reactions on solid phase, in order to readily access semi-rigid globular ligands. The CCL approach comes with its own strategies to provide a massive increase of compound evaluations by taking full advantage of the integrated preparation process with the option to
control the physical format of compound ensembles or to classify them into defined subpopulations. A noticeable impact on the drug discovery process is expected. The libraries' preparation and evaluation principles are briefly discussed in this essay.
Isolation of Capsanthone ((all-E,3R,5'R)-3-Hydroxy-β,κ-carotene-3',6'-dione) from Paprika (Capsicum annuum)
Authors: Deli József , Matus Zoltán , Molnár Péter , Tóth Gyuta , Steck Andrea , Pfander Hanspeter
Published: March 2022

From different species of paprika (Capsicum annuum) capsanthone (1) was isolated and characterized as (all-E,3R,5'R)-3-hydroxy-β,κ-carotene-3',6'-dione.
NEW TOBACCO SORTS OF TRAPEZOND AND OSTROLIST SORT TYPES
Authors: Саломатин В.А. , Павлюк И.В. , Жигалкина Г.Н.
Published: March 2022

Постоянное сортообновление сельскохозяйственных культур позволяет поддерживать на высоком уровне их продуктивность, устойчивость к болезням, качество получаемой продукции. Созданные в результате селекционной работы новые перспективные сорта табака передаются в государственное сортоиспытание. В предлагаемой работе приводится обзорный анализ многолетних данных, полученных в процессе научноисследовательских работ по государственному сортоиспытанию. После их завершения к районированию были допущены семь новых сортов табака сортотипов Трапезонд и Остролист: Трапезонд 92, Трапезонд 182, Рубин, Остролист 316, Юбилейный новый 142. На сорта Трапезонд 182, Рубин, Юбилейный новый 142 получены патенты.

Permanent renewal of sorts of agricultural plants allows keeping their productivity, resistance to diseases, product quality. New prospective sorts, created after selection, are transferred to state sort testing. Review on longterm researches on state sort testing is presented in the article. Seven new sorts of Trapezond and Ostrolist sort types after fi nishing the researches were granted to zoning. They are: Trapezond 92, Trapezond 182, Rubin, Ostrolist 316, Jubileinyi novyi 142. For sorts Trapezond 182, Rubin, Jubileinyi novyi 142 patents have been obtained.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Primary Headache as well as Coping Strategies among Medical Students of Taibah University
Authors:   Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, AY Hawalah , S Al-Mutairy ,   Consultant Family Medicine, Joint Program of Family Medicine, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Published: March 2022

Background: Primary headaches are more prevalent than secondary headache, accounted for about 90% of cases. Prevalence of headache among university students was high. Moreover, medical students have higher prevalence of all headache types than other university students. Aims of our study were to investigate the prevalence and character of primary headache as well as coping strategies among medical students. Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted among a sample of medical students (from 2nd to 6th academic years) at Taibah University in Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A self-administrated valid English questionnaire was applied, which contains demographics of students, 23 questions about the primary headache character and coping strategies used with headache. Results: The study included 488 medical students. Their age ranged between 18 to 26 years with a mean (±) SD of 21.78±1.41. Females represented 58% of them. The prevalence of primary headache among the participants was 94.9%. Regarding the usual site of the primary headache, frontal ranked first (41.5%), followed by generalized (34.8%), temporal (32.8%) and orbital (22.7%). The commonest reported quality of primary headache was pressing/tightening (60.9%). The commonest reported therapy/medication was paracetamol (69.8%), followed by sleeping (54%), and caffeine (26.1%). Academic level was not affected by 54.5% of male students compared to 42.8% of females. This difference was statistically significant, p=0.041. Conclusion: Primary headache is very prevalent among medical students at Taibah University, with no difference between them according to age, gender and academic level. It impacts the academic performance of a considerable proportion of the students, particularly males.
Accelerating AutoDock VINA with GPUs
Authors: Shidi Tang , Ruiqi Chen , Mengru Lin , Qingde Lin , Yanxiang Zhu , Ji Ding , Jiansheng Wu , Haifeng Hu , Ming Ling
Published: March 2022

AutoDock Vina is one of the most popular molecular docking tools. In the latest benchmark CASF-2016 for comparative assessment of scoring functions, AutoDock Vina won the best docking power among all the docking tools. Modern drug discovery is facing the most common scenario on large virtual screening of drug hits from huge compound databases. Due to the seriality characteristic of the AutoDock Vina algorithm, there is no successful report on its parallel acceleration with GPUs. Current acceleration of AutoDock Vina typically relies on the stack of computing power as well as the allocation of resource and tasks, such as the VirtualFlow platform. The vast resource expenditure and the high access threshold of users will seriously limit the popularity of AutoDock Vina and the flexibility of usage in modern drug discovery. Thus, the design of a new method for accelerating AutoDock Vina with GPUs is greatly needed for reducing the investment for large virtual screens, and also for a wide application in large-scale virtual screening on personal computers, station servers orcloud computing etc. Our proposed method Vina-GPU greatly raises the number of initial random conformations and reduces the search depth of each lane, and then a heterogeneous OpenCL implementation was developed to realize its parallel acceleration leveraging thousands of GPU cores. Large benchmarks show that Vina-GPU reaches a maximum of 403- fold docking acceleration against the original AutoDock Vina while ensuring their comparable docking accuracy, indicating its potential of pushing the popularization of AutoDock Vina in large virtual screens. The Vina-GPU code and tool can be freely available at http:// www.noveldelta.com/Vina_GPU for academic usage.
Co-design of zinc titanium nitride semiconductor towards durable photoelectrochemical applications
Authors: Greenaway Ann L. , Ke Sijia , Culman Theodore , Talley Kevin R. , Mangum John S. , Heinselman Karen N. , Kingsbury Ryan S. , Smaha Rebecca W. , Miller Elisa M. , Persson Kristin A. , Gregoire John M. , Bauers Sage R. , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Tamboli Adele C. , Zakutayev Andriy
Published: March 2022

Photoelectrochemical fuel generation is a promising route to sustainable liquid fuels produced from water and captured carbon dioxide with sunlight as the energy input. Development of such technologies requires photoelectrode materials that are both photocatalytically active and operationally stable in harsh oxidative and/or reductive electrochemical environments. Such photocatalysts can be discovered based on co-design principles, wherein design for stability is based on the propensity for the photocatalyst to self-passivate under operating conditions and design for photoactivity is based on the ability to integrate the photocatalyst with established semiconductor substrates. Here we report on synthesis and characterization of zinc titanium nitride (ZnTiN2) that follows these design rules by having a wurtzite-derived crystal structure and showing self-passivating surface oxides created by electrochemical polarization. The sputtered ZnTiN2 thin films have optical absorption onsets below 2 eV and n-type electrical conduction of 0.1 S/cm. The band gap of this material is reduced from the 3.5 eV theoretical value by cation site disorder, and the impact of cation antisites on the band structure of ZnTiN2 is explored using density functional theory. Under electrochemical polarization, the ZnTiN2 surfaces have TiO2- or ZnO-like character, consistent with Materials Project Pourbaix calculations predicting the formation of stable solid phases under near-neutral pH. These results show that ZnTiN2 is a promising candidate for photoelectrochemical liquid fuel generation and demonstrate a new materials design approach to other photoelectrodes with self-passivating native operational surface chemistry.
Enzyme-Catalysed Spiroacetal Formation in Polyketide Antibiotic Biosynthesis
Authors: Bilyk Oksana , Leeper Finian , Bertacine Dias Marcio Vinicius , Leadlay Peter
Published: March 2022

A key step in the biosynthesis of numerous polyketides is the stereospecific formation of a spiroacetal (spiroketal). We report here that spiroacetal formation in the biosynthesis of the macrocyclic polyketides ossamycin and oligomycin involves catalysis by a novel spiroacetal cyclase. OssO from the ossamycin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) is homologous to OlmO, the product of an unannotated gene from the oligomycin BCG. Deletion of olmO abolished oligomycin production and led to the isolation of oligomycin-like metabolites lacking the spiroacetal structure. Purified OlmO catalysed complete conversion of the major metabolite into oligomycin C. Crystal structures of OssO and OlmO reveal an unusual 10-strand -barrel. Three conserved polar residues are clustered together in the -barrel cavity, and site-specific mutation of any of these residues either abolished or substantially diminished OlmO activity, supporting a role for general acid/general base catalysis in spiroacetal formation.
Reconstructing Reactivity in Dynamic Host-Guest Systems at Atomistic Resolution: Amide Hydrolysis Under Confinement in the Cavity of a Coordination Cage
Authors: Delle Piane Massimo , Pesce Luca , Cioni Matteo , Pavan G. M.
Published: March 2022

Spatial confinement is widely employed by Nature to attain unique efficiency in controlling chemical reactions. Notable examples are enzymes, which selectively bind reactants and exquisitely regulate their conversion into products. In the attempt to mimic natural catalytic systems, supramolecular metal-organic cages capable of encapsulating guests in their cavity and of controlling/accelerating chemical reactions under confinement are attracting increasing interest. However, the complex nature of these systems, where reactants/products continuously exchange in-and-out the host, makes it often difficult to elucidate the factors controlling the reactivity in dynamic regimes. As a case study, here we focus on a coordination cage that can encapsulate amide guests and enhance their hydrolysis by favoring their mechanical twisting towards reactive molecular configurations under confinement. We designed an advanced multiscale simulation approach that allows us to reconstruct the reactivity in such host-guest systems in dynamic regimes. In this way, we can characterize the amide encapsulation/expulsion in/out the cage cavity (thermodynamics and kinetics), coupling such host-guest dynamic equilibrium with the characteristic hydrolysis reaction constants. All computed kinetic/thermodynamic data are then combined, obtaining a statistical estimation of reaction acceleration in the host-guest system that is found in optimal agreement with the available experimental trends. This shows how, to understand the key factors controlling accelerations/variations in the reaction under confinement, it is necessary to take into account all dynamic processes that occur as intimately entangled in such host-guest systems. This also provides us with a flexible computational framework, useful to build structure-dynamics-property relationships for a variety of reactive host-guest systems.
A Cost Comparison and Cost Variation Analysis of Anti Rheumatoid Drugs and Anti-Hypertensive Drugs in Ayurveda and Allopathy
Authors: Renuka Munshi  , Vivek Singh
Published: March 2022

Our study aimed to analyze and compare monthly costs along with cost variation between Ayurveda and Allopathy medicines used to treat 2 chronic disease conditions, viz. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Hypertension. The prices of Allopathic & Ayurvedic drugs mentioned in the treatment guidelines for these 2 conditions were obtained from different sources.  The minimum and the maximum cost of a particular drug of the same strength manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies were noted for both Ayurvedic and as Allopathic medicines. Cost Ratio and percent Cost Variation were also calculated. The results showed that the percent Cost Variation Difference (%CVD) for ayurvedic medicines for Anti-Rheumatoid arthritis ranged from 105% to 166.33%. In the case of Allopathic drugs, the %CVD ranged from 182% for DMARDs to 1184.39% for Corticosteroids. In the case of Anti-hypertensive medicines, too, the mean %CVD ranged from 84.21% for Rasaushadhi to 353.33% for Arishta, while %CVD ranged from 150.70% for ACE inhibitors to 269.85% for Calcium channel blockers for Ayurvedic and Allopathic medicines, respectively. A comparison of the monthly medicine cost for Rheumatoid Arthritis in Ayurveda and Allopathy showed that the cost for Ayurveda medicine ranged from ₹993.16 to ₹1994 while that for Allopathic medicines ranged from ₹735.53 to ₹2634.57. In the case of hypertension, the monthly medicine cost ranged from ₹255.64 to 2136.35 depending on the grade of Hypertension for Ayurvedic medicines and ₹312.65 to ₹631.15 for Allopathic medicines. Thus, we can conclude that there is a wide difference in the prices of the various brands of the same oral Antihypertensive and Anti-Rheumatoid arthritis drugs available in both Ayurveda and Allopathy in the Indian market.
PECULIARITIES OF CARRYING OUT SOME PROCEDURAL ACTIONS DURING PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Харитошкин Валерий Вячеславович
Published: March 2022

Рассматриваются особенности проведения некоторых процессуальных действий при расследовании преступлений, совершенных осужденными в исправительных учреждениях.

The article discusses the features of carrying out some procedural actions in the investigation of crimes committed by convicts in correctional institutions.
Are Magi the Priests of Ancient Russia?
Authors:   East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Chernykh V. V.
Published: March 2022

Based on the comparative and historical method, hermeneutics, anthropology and ethnography, and the principle of objectivity, the analysis of such social group of Ancient Russia as Magi was carried out. Historiography and source study of this issue allowed the author to determine the contribution of his predecessors who were interested in this issue and to identify main contradictions on the Magi phenomenon. The article provides a rationale for historical and ideological necessity of analyzing ideas about man and the world as a system that functioned in the ancient Russian state. The period before the Christianization of Rus’ is understudied, and, at the same time, paganism (including the institute of priesthood, to which many think Magi belong) was the official and predominant religion among the Eastern Slavs until the Christianization of Rus’ in 988. The author is of the view that there should be continuity of all periods of the national history of Rus’-Russia, and it is necessary to reflect both bright and heroic events, and those kept secret for ideological reasons.
Revisiting the Post-Colonial Character of the Siberian Renovationist Church
Authors:   Novosibirsk Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kulpinov S. S.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes church practices of the Siberian Renovationist Church in the 1920s – the first half of the 1930s in the view of their postcolonial nature. The features of the postcolonial approach in theology and church practices have been outlined. The article examines the national postcolonialism in the communities and dioceses of the Siberian church, and analyzes some features of Siberian church nationalism in the context of postcolonial issues as well. The author has come to the conclusion that the Siberian Renovationist Church sought to make its own ideas primary, as well as to develop national heritage within individual communities. However, a coherent system of views that could be described as postcolonial was not formed.
The Impact of the Internet and Social Networks on Sustainability of Liberal Democracies
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service EMERCOM Russia, Furs V. A.
Published: March 2022

The article examines causal links between the development of Internet technologies and crisis phenomena in liberal democratic systems. Following the principles of a comparative analysis, the author compared the state of democratic institutions and mechanisms before and after total digitalization. The author analyzed the stereotype concerning liberalizing effect of social networks and confirmed the con-clusion about their ideological neutrality. The study found two main forms of destabilizing effect of the Internet and social networks on liberal democracies.
Sociocultural Dynamics of the Value Orientations of Athletes in the Context of Youth Policy
Authors:   Armavir State Pedagogical University, Biryukov I. L. , Denisova L. L. ,   Armavir State Pedagogical University, Pokhilko A. D. ,   Armavir State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2022

Realising national strategies and projects aimed at various social groups, it is necessary to take a new level of understanding of the nationwide idea expressing the interests of new generations. Making the national priorities of state policy meaningful for various youth groups seems to be impossible without a targeted system of patriotic education, value education and certain cultural identity. The ideas of patriotism, spirituality, and cultural identification occupy a special place in all priority spheres of a society in educational work with young people. They are manifested at the junction of integral and border disciplines – political theology, sports policies and sports philosophy.
Search of arrivals of an m/g/1 retrial queueing system with delayed repair and optional re-service using modified bernoulli vacation
Authors: C Revathi , L Francis Raj
Published: March 2022

Single server queueing system in retrial is investigated, as well as optional re-service,customer search and delayed repair. Furthermore, the server is permitted to take a vacation under Modified Bernoulli vacation. In this model, some of the customer’s seek voluntary reservice for the identical service taken, dissatisfied with the first attempt without entering the retrial group (probability r1) or leaving the service area (probability 1 – r1). The failing server's repair begins after an arbitrary length of time termed delay time has passed. The supplementary variable technique is used to calculate orbit size, server status, and performance metrics. We explore several special situations of our suggested model and compare the results to previous research.
Türkiye'de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı, depresyon ve tükenmişlik sendromunun incelenmesi
Authors: TÜRKİLİ Seda , ASLAN Eda , TOT Şenel
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Yeni tip koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisi dünya çapında sağlık çalışanlarını gerek fiziksel gerekse ruhsal açıdan etkileyecek birçok zorluğu beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmada amaç, COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde görev alan sağlık çalışanlarının karşılaştıkları zorlukların, kaygı yaratan durumların belirlenmesi ve tükenmişlik sendromu ve ilişkili faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi ve risk faktörleri için bir çerçeve sunulmasıdır. Yöntem: Çalışmamız internet üzerinden (Google.docs) uygulanan bir anket çalışması olup, sadece hekim, hemşire, ebe, diş hekimi ve eczacılardan oluşan sağlık çalışanlarının üye oldukları sosyal platformlarda uygulanmıştır. Toplam 618 katılımcı anketi tamamlamıştır. Ankette sosyodemografik veriler ve COVID-19 pandemisi deneyimleri soru formu, Hasta Sağlık Anketi-4 ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Anketi Türkiye genelinde 618 sağlık çalışanı tamamlamıştır. Çalışmamızda katılımcıların %51.9’unun anksiyete riski, %54.4’ünün depresyon riski yaşadığı saptanmıştır. Tükenmişlik alt ölçeklerinde ortalama puanlar “Duygusal Tükenme” için 18.7(±9.21), “Duyarsızlaşma” için 6.32 (±4.55) ve “Kişisel Başarı” için 12.48 (±5.31) olarak bulunmuştur. Kadın cinsiyet, COVID-19 hastaları ile temas sıklığı, kronik tıbbi veya psikiyatrik hastalık varlığı, sigara kullanımı, aynı evde 65 yaş üstü veya kronik hastalığa sahip bireylerle yaşamak, COVID-19 pozitif test sonucu ve hastane yatışı, kişisel koruyucu ekipmanlara erişim sorunu, idareciler tarafından algılanan destek eksikliği, komplo teorilerine inanmak, sosyal destek eksikliği, damgalanma ve aşırı sosyal medya kullanımının artmış depresyon, anksiyete ve tükenmişlik seviyeleri ile ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Pandemi sürecinde sağlık hizmetlerinin etkin ve kaliteli bir şekilde sürdürülmesi, sağlık çalışanlarının gerek fiziksel gerekse ruhsal açıdan iyi oluş hali ile doğrudan ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu süreçte büyük özveri ile yüksek risk altında çalışan sağlık görevlilerinde, sürecin zorluklarına bağlı ortaya çıkması olası ruhsal bozuklukların erken dönemde tespiti ve ilerlemesinin önlenmesi pandemi ile mücadelenin etkin bir şekilde sürdürülmesi için son derece önemlidir.
Geriatrik disfaji ve beslenme tedavisi
Authors: ÖZYALÇIN Büşra , ŞANLIER Nevin
Published: March 2022

Yaşlı bireylerin, 2050 yılında gelişmiş ülkelerdeki nüfusun %25'ini oluşturacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Yaşlanmanın fizyolojisi ile birlikte yaşlı bireylerde disfaji, önemli bir sağlık sorunu olarak ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Disfaji, nöromüsküler bozukluk veya mekanik tıkanmadan kaynaklanabilen yutma güçlüğüdür. Malnütrisyon, dehidratasyon ve aspirasyon pnömonisi gibi birçok komplikasyonu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Son dönemde disfajinin, geriatrik sendrom olarak tanınmasına dair artan farkındalık mevcuttur. Yaşlılarda disfaji yaşlanmanın normal bir parçası olarak düşünüldüğü için fark edilmeyebilmektedir. Bu durumda hastalığın ilerlemesine ve beraberinde komplikasyonları getirmesine yol açmaktadır. Disfaji için doğru teşhis ve multidisipliner yaklaşım tedavide başarıyı getirmektedir. Yaşlılarda disfaji tedavisi için standart bir yaklaşım bulunmamaktadır. Disfaji tedavileri arasında duruş ayarlamaları, besin ve sıvı oranı-miktarı, diyet değişikliği, ağız sağlığı, yutma rehabilitasyonu ve farmakolojik tedavi gibi diğer yaklaşımlar yer almaktadır. Disfajide beslenme için dokusu değiştirilmiş diyetlerin kullanımı tavsiye edilmektedir. Tüm bakım ortamları için ve her yaştan disfajili bireyler tarafından kullanılan dokusu değiştirilmiş besinleri ve koyulaştırılmış sıvıları tanımlamak için Uluslararası Disfaji Diyet Standardizasyon Girişimi kurulmuştur. Bazı kılavuzlarda disfaji hastaları için beslenme önerileri mevcuttur. Ancak disfajide beslenme için netlik olmadığından bu derleme çalışma, geriatrik disfaji ve beslenme tedavisine ilişkin bilgileri sunmak amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür.
The Efficiency Evaluation of Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Pregnant Women
Authors:   Dnipro State Medical University. 9, Vernadskogo St., Dnipro 49044, Ukraine, Petrashenko I. I.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study is to assess the efficiency results of treatment of acute appendicitis in pregnant women by using laparoscopy at different periods of gestation on the basis of studying the effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure due to carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the course of pregnancy, the state of the uterus and fetus, as well as improving the technique of performing the operation. Materials and methods. 73 pregnant women with acute appendicitis were examined. The average age of the surveyed was 25.9±0.7 years, ranged from 17 to 42 years. The gestation period ranged from 4-5 to 37-39 weeks. There were 26 (35.6%) pregnant women in the first trimester, 32 (43.8%) – in the second trimester, and 15 (20.5%) – in the third trimester. The intervention was performed using the Olympus OTV-SC endoscopic complex. Pneumoperitoneum with CO2 was created about 10-12 mm Hg. In all women, the parameters of body temperature and blood pressure were studied, and the postoperative restoration of the motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract was assessed. Laboratory research included the study of individual indicators of the leukocyte formula, changes in the hemostasis system and microbial contamination of tissues of trocar wounds. The results of the effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopy on the state of the fetus and uterus in the early postoperative period were assessed using the BMT-9141 (Germany) and FM-7 (England) fetal monitor in women with a gestational age of 32 - 39 weeks. Results and discussion. The study showed that laparoscopy is possible with good results in the treatment of acute appendicitis in pregnant women in the first, second and third trimesters but with few exceptions. The technical features of performing laparoscopy in pregnant women are associated with the increased size of the uterus during the development of pregnancy. When substantiating therapeutic measures for endoscopic interventions based on the study and assessment of signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome like temperature reaction, individual indicators of leukocyte count, peripheral hemodynamics, as well as restoration of dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract, the revealed advantages of laparoscopic appendectomy. Removal of the appendix from the abdominal cavity in plastic containers reduced microbial contamination of wounds, leading to a decrease in the number of postoperative complications. Conclusion. Laparoscopic interventions are effective in acute appendicitis in pregnant women. They provide a mild intoxication syndrome, rapid physical rehabilitation of patients. Their advantages are the reduction of manifestations of uterus and fetal disorders, rapid postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal tract functions
State of Microflora and Degree of Expression of Local Immune Protection in the Endometry of Women with Infertility Developing on the Ground of Chronic Endometritis and Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors:   Zaporozhzhia State Medical University. 26, Maiakovskyi Ave., Zaporozhzhia 69035, Ukraine, Postolenko V. Yu. , Avramenko N. V. , Barkovskiy D. Ye.
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the taxonomic profile of the microbiota and the state of local immunity in the endometrium of women with infertility under conditions of chronic endometritis combined with bacterial vaginosis. Materials and methods. Diagnosis of chronic form of endometritis was performed on clinical symptoms, medical history, scraping, endoscopic and ultrasound examinations. All women were divided into three groups: Group I – 12 healthy women, who had no signs of chronic endometritis and formed a control group; Group II – patients with severe chronic endometritis (n = 16); Group III – patients with chronic endometritis developed on the background of bacterial vaginosis (n = 12). Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in patients was performed by detecting an increase in the pH of vaginal secretions >4.5, the presence of homogeneous vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, detection of vaginal epitheliocytes with adherent gram-variable microorganisms, detection of "fishy" odor. The study was performed in the second phase of the menstrual cycle (day 18-23). Endometrial aspirate for the study of microflora was selected using a device for obtaining endometrial cytology Endobrash Standard for Endometrial Cytology. Results and discussion. It was found that the development of chronic endometritis on the background of bacterial vaginosis increases the frequency of detection of opportunistic anaerobic microflora in the endometrium compared to women without bacterial vaginosis. It has been shown that a decrease in the level of T-helpers and an increase in the level of T-suppressors / killers in the endometrium are exacerbated in patients with chronic endometritis developed against the background of bacterial vaginosis. Thus, the level of CD4 + cells decreased by 1.6 times, and the level of CD8 + cells increased by 1.9 times compared to healthy women. Against this background, the level of B-lymphocytes and IgA in the endometrium of women with chronic endometritis and bacterial vaginosis decreased. Conclusion. The development of chronic endometritis is associated with an increase in the frequency of detection and quantitative content in the endometrium of Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. The development of bacterial vaginosis is accompanied by the detection in the endometrium of new species of microorganisms – Prevotella spp., Mobiluncus spp. The imbalance of the endometrial microflora is accompanied by significant violations of local cellular and humoral immune defense, which is expressed by a decrease in the level of T-helpers, B-lymphocytes and IgA with a simultaneous increase in T-suppressors / killers in women with chronic endometritis. The established changes amplify at a bacterial vaginosis
Efektivitas Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Pepaya Jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol dan Struktur Histologi Aorta Mencit Hiperkolesterolemia
Authors: Maghfiroh Rahma Maulidina , Hariani Dyah , Khaleyla Firas
Published: March 2022

Hiperkolesterolemia penyebab timbulnya aterosklerosis dengan mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak sebagai sumber kolesterol dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya penyakit jantung koroner. Kadar kolesterol dapat diturunkan dengan pemberian Simvastatin sebagai obat sintetis atau bahan alam dari daun pepaya Jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) mengandung bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efektivitas pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya Jepang terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol dan perbaikan tingkat kerusakan struktur histologi aorta mencit (Mus musculus) dengan diet aterogenik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap terbagi dalam kelompok kontrol negatif (pakan pur) dan positif (pakan pur + kuning telur puyuh), perlakuan pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya Jepang dosis 11,2, 16,8, 22,4, dan 28 mg/20gBB + pakan pur + kuning telur puyuh dengan empat pengulangan. Parameter: kadar kolesterol [total, LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), dan HDL (High Density Lipoprotein)] diuji menggunakan alat glukometer, histologi aorta mencit diamati menggunakan mikroskop. Data kadar kolesterol total, LDL, dan HDL dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA. Data histologi aorta dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan ada pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya Jepang terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol total secara signifikan (P<0,005), kadar LDL tidak signifikan (P>0,108) maupun kadar HDL (P>0,105), demikian pula dapat menurunkan tingkat kerusakan struktur histologi aorta sangat signifikan (P<0,000) terhadap mencit dengan diet aterogenik. Dosis terbaiknya yang dapat menurunkan kolesterol total, jumlah LDL dan HDL serta perbaikan tingkat kerusakan aorta paling rendah adalah 28 mg/20gBB. Simpulan penelitian ini pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya Jepang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan memperbaiki tingkat kerusakan struktur histologi aorta. Daun pepaya Jepang dapat dikonsumsi untuk menurunkan kolesterol dan memperbaiki kerusakan struktur histologi aorta.
Desgaste profesional en enfermeras durante la COVID-19, Hospital de segundo nivel en Ecuador
Authors: Anzules Guerra Jazmín Beatriz , Menéndez Pin Tania del Rocío , Villegas Chiriboga Margoth Elizabeth , Mastarreno Cedeño Mónica Patricia , Loor Vélez Karina Guadalupe
Published: March 2022

Introducción: El desgaste profesional ocurre tras la exposición sostenida al estrés crónico, tiene mayor connotación entre los profesionales sanitarios, principalmente las enfermeras, generando consecuencias amplias e importantes sobre la salud mental, física y el ejercicio profesional. Objetivo: detectar los niveles de desgaste profesional y la relación laboral que presentan las enfermeras que laboran en un hospital de segundo nivel en Manta, Manabí, Ecuador, durante la pandemia COVID-19. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, no experimental, observacional y prospectivo. Se aplicó una encuesta durante el segundo trimestre del 2020, entre las enfermeras que laboraron en el área de emergencia COVID-19, se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas y laborales, el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory. Se realizó análisis descriptivo e inferencial; se emplearon los estadísticos de Spermann. Resultados: Respondieron la encuesta 32 profesionales, con una población femenina en su totalidad; 22 profesionales (28,1%) no tenían estabilidad laboral; no se presentaron los 3 criterios positivos del síndrome, prevalecieron los niveles medios con 18.8 % cansancio emocional, 14.4% de despersonalización, mientras que la mayoría (78.1%) presentaba alta realización personal, el burnout moderado prevaleció en 87.5%, además, se observó una relación positiva y significativa (p=0.025), lo que reflejó que la relación laboral de contrato fue la más expuesta a un mayor desgaste profesional. Conclusión: en el área de emergencia COVID-19, las contratadas expresaron más compromiso en las 3 dimensiones, estos hallazgos resultan importantes para trazarse un estudio más amplio, y así establecer la detección temprana de esta patología que tiene implicaciones serias en el desempeño profesional.
Livelihood assets and food consumption status of riverbank erosion hazard people in a selected area of Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Toma , Rahman Mohammad Ataur , Khan Md. Akhtaruzzaman , Akter Tanjima
Published: March 2022

Riverbank erosion is a major threat to Bangladesh refers to an endemic and recurrent natural hazard of our country. The study was conducted to identify the socioeconomic characteristics, find out the root causes of riverbank erosion, determine the livelihood assets and measure the calorie intake level of the riverine people. Primary data were collected from Jamalpur district in Bangladesh. The DFID approaches of livelihood and the consumption data of riverine households of seven days was measured by per person per day calorie intake level. The findings revealed that 72% of the respondents belonged to the age up to 60 years, 33.33% respondents’ education level was primary, 36% of the respondents’ primary occupation was agriculture, and 40% respondents had annual household income more than Tk. 100000 (US$ 1556.60). Most of the households identified flood, heavy rainfall, and stream of current as the main cause of riverbank erosion. Overall, human assets were in good position. About 54% respondents used leased land for their cultivation and 37.33% respondents had cash in hand. About 80% of the respondents belonged to the poor and their calorie intake level was < 2122 K. Cal. The Water Development Board of Bangladesh needs more attention to riverine people for improvement of their livelihood and food security status.
Effect of seasonal variations on the physicochemical characteristics of spring water in Oji River LGA, Enugu State Nigeria
Authors: Okoye Elochukwu Chidubem Sunday , Onuorah Samuel Chinedu , Okoye Lydia Chidimma , Nwadiogbu Joseph Onyebuchi
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of seasonal variations on the physicochemical characteristics of spring water samples in Oji River Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected in sterile plastic water containers at the point of discharge during the dry and wet seasons and analyzed physicochemically using the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The results showed that the colour (7-14.2 TCU); pH (7.18-8.4); temperature (24.6-28.1 oC); electrical conductivity in wet season (128.5-285.6 µs/cm); total dissolved solids (114.7-401 mg/L); total suspended solids (101.8-423.6 mg/L); total hardness (58-255 mg/L); total acidity (3.55-19.5 mg/L); total alkalinity (9.2-47 mg/L); biological oxygen demand (1.70-3.28 mg/L); nitrate (0.73-2.23 mg/L); ammonium in wet season (0.18-0.34 mg/L); zinc (0.011-0.085 mg/L); mercury (0.001-0.005 mg/L); copper (0.002-1.008 mg/L) and iron (0.031-0.318 mg/L) of water were within the WHO standard for drinking water quality while the phosphate (0.14-1.08 mg/L), lead (0.013-0.098 mg/L) and ammonium in dry season (0.48-0.75 mg/L) levels were not found within the prescribed limit of WHO drinking water standards. Therefore, this investigation indicated that the spring water is unfit for drinking without adequate treatment. Liming, boiling and ozonation treatment techniques are recommended for the treatment of water.
A review of the water quality indices of riverine ecosystem, Bangladesh
Authors: Tasnim Nishat , Sultana Mst. Armina , Tabassum Khushnud , Islam Md. Jahidul , Kunda Mrityunjoy
Published: March 2022

Rivers have been the most important freshwater resource, and our ancient civilizations have flourished along the banks of rivers. River water finds multiple uses like agriculture, industry, transportation, aquaculture, and public water supply. Natural waters are being contaminated as the quality of water is being affected by anthropogenic activities, in developing countries like Bangladesh. From the point of view, the physicochemical parameters (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, DO, BOD, alkalinity, total hardness, nitrate) of seventeen rivers in Bangladesh were reviewed from January 2021 to June 2021. The water quality parameters of some rivers were found to be far above the suitable limits, which is dangerous for human health, agriculture, and fisheries. It is therefore necessary to check the water quality at regular interval of time to conserve the natural ecosystem of the rivers of Bangladesh. Furthermore, this study would help to create and develop awareness among the people to help maintain the quality of the river waters.
Screening of sweet potato feathery mottle virus resistant sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L., Lam.) cultivars in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Musa Abdulrahman , Tanimum Musa Umar , Muhammad Adamu , Muhammad Abubakar Sadiq , Umar Ibrahim Mohammed
Published: March 2022

Sweet potato is a food security crop because of its ability to withstand adverse climatic conditions. This security, however, is being threaten by viral diseases and use of resistant cultivars remain the best management. This research was conducted to screen cultivars of sweet potato against sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) infection. The treatments consisted of five cultivars coded as CV1, CV2, CV3, CV4 and CV5, respectively. The asymptomatic experimental plants were established, maintained under screen house conditions and graft-inoculated using infected vines which were tested SPFMV positive using both Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated three times. Results obtained from disease incidence and symptom severity indicated that there was significant difference (P <0.05) among cultivars in their reaction to SPFMV infection. CV2 had the highest mean disease incidence (60.67%) while, CV3 had the lowest mean disease incidence (36.67%). CV1, CV3, and CV5 have the same lowest mean symptom severity score of 2.00 while, CV2 had the highest mean severity score of 4.00. Based on the reaction of the cultivars after inoculation, it could be concluded that, all the cultivars screened were susceptible to SPFMV but CV1, CV3 and CV4 cultivars have some degree of resistance to SPFMV infection and were therefore recommended for use by the farmers in the study area. This is the first research that screened sweet potato cultivars for resistance to SPFMV in Kebbi State, Nigeria.
As concepções dos professores de Ciências acerca das potencialidades do cinema para o ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: Pinheiro Rosângela Barbosa , Lima Guilherme da Silva
Published: March 2022

Este estudo tem como objetivos compreender e interpretar as concepções de professores acerca da utilização do cinema na educação científica. A literatura indica que o cinema pode contribuir para abordar elementos dos conteúdos escolares e contextualizar questões socioculturais, históricas e políticas, de modo a colaborar com o aprendizado. O desenho metodológico deu-se, inicialmente, por meio da indução da leitura de uma Sequência Didática de Ciências que propunha o uso do cinema como atividade educativa, seguida pela aplicação de um questionário sobre o uso do cinema em situações de ensino.  Para delinear os resultados, este estudo valeu-se da metodologia qualitativa para se descreverem os dados. Para analisá-los, criaram-se categorias de análises condizentes com os sentidos produzidos pelos professores, tendo o significado da palavra como unidade de análise, tal como defendido pela perspectiva histórico-cultural. Os resultados apontaram que, embora os docentes participantes concordem sobre a utilização do cinema como atividade educativa, eles ainda têm dificuldades em explorar esse potencial.
THE MILK CONTENT OF KARAKUL SHEEP OF THE COLOR SUR OF THE KARAKALPAK BREED TYPE
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, URIMBETOV A.A.
Published: March 2022

The article presents data on the milk productivity of Karakul sheep sur Karakalpak breed type. It was noted that during the first 20 days of lactation, the lactation of Karakul queens of sur color is quite high – 1213-1125 g per day.
MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CARCASS OF SHAKHRINAU-REGAR SHEEP OF THE HISSAR BREED TYPE IN THE AGE ASPECT
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, DZHURAEVA U.SH.
Published: March 2022

The article considers data on the morphological composition of the carcasses of sheep of Shakhrinau-Regar breed type of Hissar sheep aged 5 and 18 months.
EFFICIENCY OF USING FLASK IN FEEDING HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE GOATS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ZOTEEV V.S.
Published: March 2022

The results of using the flask of the Balasheyskoye deposit of the Samara region in the diets of lactating goats of the Zaanen breed are presented. The inclusion of this additive as a filler in the composition of 1% and 4% premixes provides an increase in the dairy productivity of goats and the economic efficiency of milk production.
PRESERVATION AND USE OF THE GENE POOL OF INDIGENOUS AND SOME ENDANGERED DOMESTIC SHEEP BREEDS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, EROKHIN A.I.
Published: March 2022

The article focuses on the need to preserve the gene pool of indigenous and a number of endangered domestic sheep breeds, which have a high polymorphism of productivity combined with good adaptability to local conditions of feeding and maintenance.
HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF RAMS WHEN USING FEED ADDITIVES OF DIFFERENT COMPOSITION
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, VARAKIN А.T.
Published: March 2022

The results of the study are presented morphological and biochemical parameters of ram blood when added to diets organic selenium preparation DAFS-25 and a combined feed additive, including the preparation DAFS-25 and additionally sulfur for animal husbandry. Use in diets of these feed additives had a positive impact on the hematological parameters of sheep.
Country-specific approaches to latent tuberculosis screening targeting migrants in EU/EEA* countries: A survey of national experts, September 2019 to February 2020
Authors: Margineanu Ioana , Rustage Kieran , Noori Teymur , Zenner Dominik , Greenaway Christina , Pareek Manish , Akkerman Onno , Hayward Sally , Friedland Jon S , Goletti Delia , Stienstra Ymkje , Hargreaves Sally ,   on behalf of the ESGITM/ESGMYC Study Groups
Published: March 2022

Background

Migrants in low tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) are an at-risk group for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and are increasingly included in LTBI screening programmes.

Aim

To investigate current approaches and implement LTBI screening in recently arrived migrants in the EU/EEA and Switzerland.

Methods

At least one TB expert working at a national level from the EU/EEA and one TB expert from Switzerland completed an electronic questionnaire. We used descriptive analyses to calculate percentages, and framework analysis to synthesise free-text responses.

Results

Experts from 32 countries were invited to participate (30 countries responded): 15 experts reported an LTBI screening programme targeting migrants in their country; five reported plans to implement one in the near future; and 10 reported having no programme. LTBI screening was predominantly for asylum seekers (n = 12) and refugees (n = 11). Twelve countries use ‘country of origin’ as the main eligibility criteria. The countries took similar approaches to diagnosis and treatment but different approaches to follow-up. Six experts reported that drop-out rates in migrants were higher compared with non-migrant groups. Most of the experts (n = 22) called for a renewed focus on expanding efforts to screen for LTBI in migrants arriving in low-incidence countries.

Conclusion

We found a range of approaches to LTBI screening of migrants in the EU/EEA and Switzerland. Findings suggest a renewed focus is needed to expand and strengthen efforts to meaningfully include migrants in these programmes, in order to meet regional and global elimination targets for TB.
Pregnancy and post-partum tuberculosis; a nationwide register-based case–control study, Denmark, 1990 to 2018
Authors: Nordholm Anne Christine , Suppli Camilla Hiul , Norman Anders , Ekstrøm Claus Thorn , Ertberg Pia , Koch Anders , Lillebaek Troels , Andersen Aase Bengaard
Published: March 2022

Background

Pregnancy increases the risk of tuberculosis (TB), however, data on TB epidemiology in pregnant women are limited.

Aim

To guide possible interventions, we analysed risk factors for TB in pregnant and post-partum women.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide retrospective register-based case–control study from January 1990 to December 2018 in Denmark. Cases were women diagnosed with TB during their pregnancy or in the post-partum period. We selected two control groups: pregnant or post-partum women without TB, and non-pregnant women with TB. Differences were assessed by chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test. Risk factors for TB were identified through logistic regression and estimated by odds ratio (OR).

Results

We identified 392 cases, including 286 pregnant and 106 post-partum women. Most were migrants (n = 366; 93%) with a shorter median time spent in Denmark (2.74 years; interquartile range (IQR): 1.52–4.64) than non-pregnant TB controls (3.98 years; IQR: 1.43–8.51). Cases less likely had a Charlson comorbidity index ≥ 2compared with non-pregnant TB controls (p < 0.0001), and had no increased risk of severe disease (p = 0.847). Migrants from other World Health Organization regions than Europe, especially Africa (OR: 187; 95%CI: 125–281) had persistently higher odds of TB.

Conclusions

In Denmark, the risk of TB in pregnant and post-partum women is increased in migrant women who have stayed in the country a median time of approximately 3 years. We recommend increased focus on TB risk during pregnancy and suggest evaluating targeted TB screening of selected at-risk pregnant women to promote early case finding and prevent TB among mothers and their newborn children.