bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGIONAL ASYMMETRY OF TRANSPORT COMPLEX LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE
Authors: Kukharchyk V.G.
Published: August 2018

Personnel policy is aimed at the formation of such a system of work with personnel, which would be guided by obtaining not only economic, but also social effect, under the conditions of the current legislation, normative acts and government decisions.
The mechanism of personnel policy implementation is the system of plans, norms, organizational, administrative and social measures aimed at solving personnel problems and meeting needs. The market of educational services can be considered as a market with asymmetric information: one of the parties in market relations (often the university - the seller of educational services) has information that is not known to the other side (service users - for future students). The manifestation of asymmetry is the problem of the inconsistency of the professional structure of graduates of vocational education institutions for labor market demands, taking into account regional asymmetry. This problem, which does not lose its relevance, is multifaceted. In solving this problem it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the development of branches, regional differences, the peculiarities of training specialists at the levels of education, etc. It is impossible not to take into account both subjective and personal moments: that the needs of the economy in specific personnel are not always the same as people's desire Receive the "demanded" profession. This is the question of the right to choose a person.
THEORETICAL BASES OF THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE CANNING ENTERPRISE RESEARCH
Authors: Laiko O.I. , Ivanchenkov V.S. , Strutynska I.V.
Published: August 2018

It is considered the essence of the terms of innovations and innovative activity of the canning industry enterprise, on example of enterprises of the Ukrainian Black Sea region. It is improved the classification of types of innovations and innovative processes for canning enterprises, by allocating relevant classification groups, that are actual in the aspect of modern scientific and practical approaches. The economic essence of the category of innovative susceptibility of enterprises is determined. According to the modern requirements and challenges that arise in the process of transformation of the national economic system it is determined the need of update of the theoretical basis for the study of innovation processes, and it is proved the necessity of formulation of the objective definitions and classifications of innovations, of the types of innovation activities that make key-point in the research process of the current realities of economic development. As a result of the research of various types and definitions of innovations, it is established that the most important for the analyzing process of innovations for enterprises in the canning industry are such classifications, which are based on the degree of participation in the production process (production and non-productive innovations: administrative, in other processes of internal management, in the processes of supply-sales, in circulation processes, financial services), on the functional purpose of innovations (production and technological, personnel, economic, logistic, marketing, financial, investment, infrastructure innovations). The definition of innovations for canning enterprises is given in the article, it is developed the classification of types of innovation for the canning enterprise that is oriented on objective features and distinguishes of the innovation process, which is actually carried out by domestic enterprises that allows to take into account the aspect of actuality.
Queen Marie and the Baha'i Faith
Authors: Postlethwaite Robert
Published: August 2018

This article focuses on the first monarch to embrace the Baha'i Faith, Queen Marie of Romania. It sets out to convey the stature and the character of this remarkable woman, her unique position in the early twentieth century, and, above all, her position in the Baha'i Faith. It also sets out to examine two issues. First, it is widely known that Queen Maries was a Baha'i. yet, a number of her own statements seem to contradict this affiliation and bring into question her conversion to the Baha'i Faith. Through examining her diaries and publisc statements, this work attempts to clarify the apparent contradiction. the second issue concersn Queen Marie's plan to visit the Baha'i World Centre in Haifa in 1929. Shoghi Effendi had made arrangements for a visit that never took place. It is well known that she reached Haifa in Palestine (Israel) on March 30, 1929, but failed to contact Shoghi Effendi or to visit the places she had deeply desired to visit. Information from her unpublished personal diaries sheds new light on her aborted pilgrimage. In the process of exploring the above issues, what emerges is the faithful friendship of Martha Root, an early Baha'i teacher, from the moment Martha met the Queen in 1926. An integral part of that relationship were some deeply touching, loving letters from Martha to Marie about the Baha'i Faith. Excerpts from these letters are included in this article.
Psychological and Spiritual Dimensions of Persecution and Suffering
Authors: Ghadirian Abdu'l-Missagh
Published: August 2018

At the root of human suffering and persecution, one can often discern the traces of prejudice that have plagued humanity throughout history. Parallel with the waves of oppression and suffering in society, there has been an awakening of human souls not only to the spiritual meanings and mysteries of these adversities but also to their effect on personal development and transformation. Beyond the psychological understanding of persecution is the spiritual realm of this experience. What are the spiritual meanings of suffering and adversity? While confronted with inevitable persecution, torture, and even death, why do some individuals rise with such resilience and radiance? What role does faith and belief play, and what are some of the spiritual responses as compared to the psychological reactions to life crises and religious persecutions? This article cites persecution of the Bahá’ís of Iran as an example of spiritual resilience.
The Alimentary Forms of Religious Life
Authors: Malara Diego
Published: August 2018

Focusing on the practice of fasting, this article traces the ethical efforts and conundrums of Ethiopian Orthodox Christians who take their religion seriously, but do not necessarily see themselves as disciplined believers. I argue that the flexibility and lenience of the Orthodox system allow for morally ambivalent disciplinary projects that, in order to preserve their efficacy, must be sustained by an array of intimate relationships with more pious individuals who are fasting for others or on others’ behalf. By examining this relational economy of spiritual care, its temporalities and divisions of labor, I ask whether recent preoccupations with ‘technologies of the self’ in the anthropology of religion might have overlooked the relevance of ‘technologies of the other’.
Delayed hardware complication after lateral retroperitoneal lumbar surgery: an unusual case of painless hematuria
Authors: Head Jeffery R. , Rymarczuk George N. , He Kevin D. , Harrop James S.
Published: August 2018

Lateral approaches to the spine are becoming increasingly popular methods for decompression, restoration of alignment, and arthrodesis. Although individual cases of intraoperative injuries to the renal vasculature and the ureters have been documented as rare complications of lateral approaches to the spine, the authors report the first known case of postoperative renal injury due to the delayed extrusion of the screw of a lateral plate/screw construct directly into the renal parenchyma. The migration of the screw from the L1 vertebra into the superior pole of the left kidney occurred nearly 5 years after the index procedure, and presented as painless hematuria. A traditional left-sided retroperitoneal approach had been used at the time of the initial surgery, and the same exposure was used to remove the hardware, which was done in conjunction with general surgery and urology.
Einfluss von Klima und Baumvitalität auf den Befall von Waldföhren durch rindenbrütende Insekten
Authors: Wermelinger Beat , Gossner Martin M. , Mathis Doris Schneider , Trummer Dieter , Rigling Andreas
Published: August 2018

Effects of climate and tree vitality on the infestation of Scots pines by bark-dwelling insects

The development of insects depends not only on temperature but also on the chemical composition of their host plant. On the one hand, the nutritional quality and in particular the nitrogen content affects insect propagation, and on the other hand, toxic defense compounds impact the colonization by and the survival of insects. The production of such plant defense compounds is restricted under dry conditions. In the Valais, Switzerland, studies on the influence of temperature and drought on bark-dwelling insects were carried out during the last 15 years. The buprestid Phaenops cyanea, the bark beetle Ips acuminatus, and to a lesser extent the bark beetle Tomicus minor showed the greatest potential for damage. They were able to colonize Scots pines within a large range of vitality levels, measured as crown needle loss, but with large regional differences. Infestation levels by these and other bark-dwelling beetles increased with increasing needle loss. The same pattern was found for predatory insects. The intensity of maturation feeding of Tomicus bark beetles depended on crown transparency interacting with tree water supply. The temporal development of infestations by aggressive bark-dwelling insects followed the course of an index of tree drought stress quite closely. In general, infestation levels showed large regional differences. Breeding density of aggressive bark-dwelling insects increased with elevation which can be attributed to decreasing numbers of natural enemies and to reduced resin flow at lower temperatures.
Wiederbesiedlung der Waldbrandfläche von Leuk durch Gliederfüsser
Authors: Moretti Marco , Wermelinger Beat , Gossner Martin M. , Obrist Martin K.
Published: August 2018

Arthropod recolonization after the forest fire in Leuk

The forest fire of Leuk (Wallis) in 2003 offered the opportunity to assess the impact of fire on arthropods and their succession after the event. We used standardized traps to sample arthropods in the center and at the edge of the burned area as well as in the intact forest outside the surface, two, three, five and ten years after the fire. We investigated different taxonomic and functional groups with particular focus on deadwood dwelling and endangered beetle species. We sampled 1898 species: 949 exclusively within the burned area and 159 exclusively in the intact forest. While the species number in the intact forest hardly changed during the investigation period, it increased dramatically in the burned area immediately after the fire. This was true for the herbivores and pollinators, as well as for the deadwood dwelling and endangered beetle species. In contrast, the number of species in two ground-dwelling groups, i.e., spiders (predators) and woodlice (decomposers), in the burned area exceeded those of the intact forest plots only five or ten years after the fire. During the first three years after the fire, we also sampled pyrophilic (fire-adapted) species, such as the bark bug Aradus lugubris and the longhorn beetles Acmaeops septentrionis and A. marginatus in the burned area. In total, there were 285 indicator species of specific and 38 further indicator species of unspecific post-fire successional stages. In contrast, only 18 indicator species of intact forests could be found. As such, forest fire is an ecological disturbance that can be considered as an important driver for maintaining and enhancing biodiversity as well as fire-specialized species.
The Tourism Planning and the Development of the Tourist Services for the Province of Halabja
Authors: Samin Nian Wali
Published: August 2018

يعتبر التخطيط السياحي من أهم أدوات التنمية السياحية المعاصرة، التي تهدف إلى زيادة الدخل الفردي والقومي، وإلى تنمية حضارية شاملة لكافة المقومات الطبيعية والإنسانية والمادية في البلاد أذتمثل السياحة ركنا مهما من أركان دعم الاقتصاد الوطني، ولكننا ومنذ عقود طويلة لم نلاحظ اهتماماً بهذا القطاع الذي من شأنه أن يوفر فرص عمل كثيرة، خاصة في محافظة حلبجة ذات السياحة المتنوعة ما بين دينية وتاريخية وطبيعية, وهو مايمثل اهم عوامل الجذب السياحي, وما نريد أن نشير الية في هذا الصدد بأن السياحة في محافظة حلبجة ممكن أن تكون صناعة فعالة ذات ابعاد اقتصادية كبير ة إذا ما تم وضع إستراتيجية عمل قائمة على استثمار ما متوفر من مقومات سياحية وفي مقدمتها العناصر البشرية والطبيعية المتمثلة بالأماكن الأثأرية أو الدينية أو البيئية .ودمج المناطق الريفية بهذة العملية لغرض زيادة التطوير والتنمية فيها, وتنعكس ايجابا لصالح البيئة والسكان المحليين على الصعيد الاقتصادي والثقافي والاجتماعي, وحدوث تنمية حقيقية على الصعيد المحلي والوطني.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Türkçe Ders Kitaplarında Yer Alan Metinlere Yönelik Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Fidan MEHMET
Published: August 2018

Okuma becerisi eğitim-öğretim
sürecinde bireylere kazandırılması amaçlanan en önemli hedeflerin başında
gelir. Özellikle toplumsal açıdan iyi bir okur olabilme eğitim sistemlerinin
temel amaçlarındandır. Düzenli okuma alışkanlığının kazanılması bireylerin çocukluk
dönemine kadar uzanan bir süreçten oluşmaktadır. Araştırmacılar bu
alışkanlığın kazanılmasında ebeveynlerin tutumlarının etkili olduğunu
belirtmektedirler. Ayrıca bireylerin ilerleyen dönemlerde okumaktan zevk
aldıkları türlerin kapsamında yer alan kitapları daha çok tercih ettikleri görülmektedir.
Araştırma sürecinde ortaokul öğrencilerinin Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan
metinlere yönelik tutumları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla içerisinde hem nitel hem
de nicel ögeler barındıran bir anket geliştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma
yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve değer anketi bu araştırma
sürecinde kullanılan veri toplama araçlarıdır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel
analiz ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca elde edilen sonuçlar sınıf düzeyleri
açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda sınıf düzeyinde farklılıklar
olduğu görülmüştür. Örneğin 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin en beğendiği metin
türleri içinde masallar, hikâyeler yer alırken, 8. sınıf öğrencileri ise daha
çok bilgi verici metinleri beğenmektedir. Öğrencilerin Türkçe ders
kitaplarında yer alan metinleri değerlendirirken farklı ölçütler
geliştirdikleri görüldü. Özellikle beşinci ve altıncı sınıflar metinleri
değerlendirirken daha öznel ve ölçülmesi zor olan duygusal ögeleri
kullanırken, yedinci ve sekizinci sınıfların ise ölçülmesi daha kolay ve
öznel olan ögeleri ölçüt olarak kullandıkları sonucuna ulaşıldı. Bu nedenle
özellikle alt sınıf kademelerinde daha nesnel değerlendirmeler sağlayabilmek
için öğretmenlerin metin değerlendirme yöntemleri açısından öğrencilerle
ortak çalışmalar yapmaları önerilmektedir.
Imagining a Hellenic Republic, 1797–1824: Rigas, Korais, Byron
Authors: Beaton Roderick
Published: August 2018

The ‘New Constitution’ for a Hellenic Republic, published in Vienna by Rigas Velestinlis in 1797, was modelled closely on the French republican constitution of 1793, and envisaged what is now called a ‘civic nation’ based on inclusiveness and the ‘Rights of Man’. Rigas was arrested by the Austrian authorities, handed over to the Ottomans, and executed the following year. The turn from ‘civic’ to ‘ethnic’ nationalism among Greeks in the years leading up to the successful Revolution of 1821 is marked in the work of the influential classical scholar and national ideologue Adamantios Korais (Koraes, or Coray). Lord Byron, visiting Greek lands between 1809 and 1811, saw evidence for the enthusiasm with which Rigas was remembered and Korais was revered by the Greeks he met, and one of his early published works is a piece of revolutionary doggerel that at the time was attributed to Rigas. Byron's later determination to exchange the ‘words’ of the poet for the ‘things’ achieved by a statesman and man of action can be traced back to these early experiences in Greece – as well as to his ambivalent admiration for the more moderate among the leaders of the Revolution in France.
Ancient Revolutions in the Literature of Polish Romanticism
Authors: Junkiert Maciej
Published: August 2018

This article aims to examine the Polish literary reception of the French Revolution during the period of Romanticism. Its main focus is on how Polish writers displaced their more immediate experiences of revolutionary events onto a backdrop of ‘ancient revolutions’, in which revolution was described indirectly by drawing on classical traditions, particularly the history of ancient Greeks and Romans. As this classical tradition was mediated by key works of German and French thinkers, this European context is crucial for understanding the literary strategies adopted by Polish authors. Three main approaches are visible in the Polish reception, and I will illustrate them using the works of Zygmunt Krasiński (1812–1859), Juliusz Słowacki (1809–1849) and Cyprian Norwid (1821–1883). My comparative study will be restricted to four works: Krasiński's Irydion and Przedświt (Predawn), Słowacki's Agezylausz (Agesilaus) and Norwid's Quidam.
The Democratization of Anti-Religious Thought in Revolutionary Times: a Transnational Perspective
Authors: Mannucci Erica Joy
Published: August 2018

This article focuses on an important cultural aspect of secularization in the French revolutionary period: the circulation of sceptical free-thinking outside the circles of the cultivated few; that is, the democratization of critical knowledge through translations and migrations of texts toward historically new audiences. Examples are given to show what an important political stake this was, even after Bonaparte's Concordat, for many French revolutionary intellectuals, including women writers like Marie-Armande Gacon-Dufour. The article's perspective is transnational: I argue that cultural tradition had always been typically cosmopolitan. And, though the most visible political outcomes of the Revolution were nationalisms, what is more interesting to us today is its cosmopolitan legacy, in its broadest, inter-cultural sense: the way revolutionary culture and authors crossed not only national boundaries, but social and gender barriers as well. The main example here is a case study on the multiple versions of a radical text which appeared in English, French and Italian over at least three generations, from the 1740s to the 1820s. In Italy, a local anti-religious, materialist current emerged publicly for the first time at the end of the eighteenth century, thanks to the partial freedom of expression of the Cisalpine Republic, which gave rise to a series of publishing projects, including both original works and translations. Tracing the story of the translations of Peter Annet's History and Character of Saint Paul Examined, before and after the 1790s, allows us to contextualize the Italian version, based on d'Holbach's French adaptation of the text. The annotated work of a translator calling himself ‘citizen of the world’, it was published in 1798 in Milan, the capital of the Cisalpine Republic, with the eloquent heading ‘Democracy or Death’.
Analysis of Green Public Procurement of Works by Spanish Public Universities
Authors: Fuentes-Bargues Jose Luis , Ferrer-Gisbert Pablo Sebastian , González-Cruz Mª. Carmen
Published: August 2018

Universities play an important role among public institutions because they initiate huge purchasing and contracting activities and contribute to sustainable development through education, research, and day-to-day operations. Existing studies on green public procurement (GPP) practices at Spanish universities focus on products and services. For this study, a total of 316 procedures were collected and analysed from the calls for tenders made by Spanish public universities between 2016 and 2017. The environmental criteria involved in the tenders and their weights were classified by subsector, geographical scope, and project budget. The results of this study show the use of environmental criteria in the works tendered by Spanish public universities is low (19.2%) in comparison with the results of other studies. It is therefore necessary to encourage GPP practices in the contracting process to comply with the environmental policies that universities have defined as part of their institutional policies.
Rapid Population Growth throughout Asia’s Earthquake-Prone Areas: A Multiscale Analysis
Authors: Dou Yinyin , Huang Qingxu , He Chunyang , Meng Shiting , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2018

Assessing the changes of the population living throughout the most seismically hazardous area (MSHA) constitutes an important foundation for seismic risk assessment. However, the changes of the population living in the MSHA of Asia, which exhibits the highest number of earthquake related fatalities, were poorly understood. Therefore, this study analyzed the changes of the population in the MSHA between 2000 and 2015 at the continental, subcontinental, and national scales. We found that the population, especially the vulnerable population (i.e., children under or equal to the age of 14 and elderly people over or equal to the age of 65), in Asia’s MSHA increased rapidly between 2000 and 2015. The population in the MSHA increased by 185.88 million with a growth rate of 20.93%, which was 3.38% greater than that in the non-MSHA region. Meanwhile, the vulnerable population in the MSHA increased by 63.65 million with a growth rate of 19.73%. The increase of the vulnerable population in the MSHA was 19.93% greater than that in the non-MSHA region. We also found that urban population growth was a major factor impacting the increase in both the population and the vulnerable population throughout Asia’s MSHA. Therefore, attention should be paid to the changes of the population in Asia’s MSHA, whilst it is imperative to execute strict building codes and select the development location more carefully in the MSHA.
Using a Clustering Approach to Investigate Socio-Environmental Inequality in Preterm Birth—A Study Conducted at Fine Spatial Scale in Paris (France)
Authors: Deguen Severine , Ahlers Nina , Gilles Morgane , Danzon Arlette , Carayol Marion , Zmirou-Navier Denis , Kihal-Talantikite Wahida
Published: August 2018

Background & Objectives: Today, to support public policies aiming to tackle environmental and health inequality, identification and monitoring of the spatial pattern of adverse birth outcomes are crucial. Spatial identification of the more vulnerable population to air pollution may orient health interventions. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the geographical distribution of the risk of preterm birth (PTB, gestational age ≤36 weeks) at the census block level in in city of Paris, France. We also aimed to assess the implication of neighborhood characteristics including air pollution and socio-economic deprivation. Material & Methods: Newborn health data are available from the first birth certificate registered by the Maternal and Child Care department of Paris. All PTB from January 2008 to December 2011 were geocoded at the mother residential census block. Each census block was assigned a socioeconomic deprivation level and annual average ambient concentrations of NO2. A spatial clustering approach was used to investigate the spatial distribution of PTB. Results: Our results highlight that PTB is non-randomly spatially distributed, with a cluster of high risk in the northeastern area of Paris (RR = 1.15; p = 0.06). After adjustment for socio-economic deprivation and NO2 concentrations, this cluster becomes not statistically significant or shifts suggesting that these characteristics explain the spatial distribution of PTB; further, their combination shows an interaction in comparison with SES or NO2 levels alone. Conclusions: Our results may inform the decision makers about the areas where public health efforts should be strengthened to tackle the risk of PTB and to choose the most appropriate and specific community-oriented health interventions.
Low-Complexity Blind Selected Mapping Scheme for Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction in Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Systems
Authors: Xia Yujie , Ji Jinwei
Published: August 2018

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive multicarrier technique for the simplicity of equalization and high data throughput. However, the transmitted OFDM signal has a very high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which severely degrades the performance of practical OFDM systems and reduces the efficiency of high-power amplifiers (HPA). The selected mapping (SLM) scheme is an effective PAPR reduction method of OFDM signals. However, this approach usually requires side information (SI) transmission, which increases the difficulty of the hardware implementation with high complexity and reduces the data transmission rate. In this paper, based on designing phase rotation vectors in the time domain, a novel blind SLM method with low complexity is proposed to reduce the PAPR of OFDM signals. At the transmitter, the proposed method properly designs the phase rotation vectors in the time domain, which can be considered as an equivalent wireless channel without SI transmission. At the receiver, the effect of phase rotation vectors can be removed by the conventional channel estimation method, and the data demodulation processing can be easily performed by the frequency domain equalization. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve low complexity in PAPR reduction and has great robustness in bit error rate (BER) performance compared to the other low-complexity SLM PAPR schemes.
Agent Based Model to Estimate Time to Restoration of Storm-Induced Power Outages
Authors: Walsh Tara , Layton Thomas , Wanik David , Mellor Jonathan
Published: August 2018

Extreme weather can cause severe damage and widespread power outages across utility service areas. The restoration process can be long and costly and emergency managers may have limited computational resources to optimize the restoration process. This study takes an agent based modeling (ABM) approach to optimize the utility storm recovery process in Connecticut. The ABM is able to replicate past storm recoveries and can test future case scenarios. We found that parameters such as the number of outages, repair time range and the number of utility crews working can substantially impact the estimated time to restoration (ETR). Other parameters such as crew starting locations and travel speeds had comparatively minor impacts on the ETR. The ABM can be used to train new emergency managers as well as test strategies for storm restoration optimization.
Biobased Functional Carbon Materials: Production, Characterization, and Applications—A Review
Authors: Correa Catalina Rodriguez , Kruse Andrea
Published: August 2018

Even though research on porous carbon materials from biomass dates back to at least hundred years, it is still an extremely relevant topic. These materials can be found in applications that range from those that are widely known, such as water treatment, to others that are newer and indispensable for the transition towards environmentally friendly technologies, such as lithium- and sodium-ion batteries. This review summarizes some of the most relevant research that has been published concerning production technologies, insights on the chemical reaction mechanisms, characterization techniques, as well as some examples of the applications and the properties that the carbon materials must fulfil to be used in those applications.
Porous Silicon-Based Catalysts for the Dehydration of Glycerol to High Value-Added Products
Authors: Cecilia Juan Antonio , García-Sancho Cristina , Jiménez-Gómez Carmen Pilar , Moreno-Tost Ramón , Maireles-Torres Pedro
Published: August 2018

Increasing worldwide biodiesel production has led to the generation of an important glycerol surplus, which needs to be valorized in order to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the biodiesel industry. In this context, glycerol dehydration to acrolein by acid catalysis appears to be a potential route of glycerol valorization, since acrolein is an important intermediate for many chemical industries. The main drawback of this catalytic process is catalyst deactivation. Different alternatives have been proposed for overcoming it, such as the use of mesoporous materials in order to facilitate the diffusion of glycerol and reaction products, thus minimizing deactivation. This review compiles the main achievements of the use of mesoporous silica-containing materials that have been deployed either as a catalyst or for support in glycerol dehydration to acrolein. Thus, the effect of mesoporosity on both catalytic performance and deactivation will be discussed, as well as the blocking of pores by coke deposition.
Impact of Gender and Age on Hyperthermia-Induced Changes in Respiration of Liver Mitochondria
Authors: Šilkūnienė Giedrė , Žūkienė Rasa , Naučienė Zita , Degutytė-Fomins Laima , Mildažienė Vida
Published: August 2018

Aim: This study aimed to compare hyperthermia-induced changes in respiration and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver mitochondria derived from animals of different gender and age. Methods: The effects of hyperthermia (40–47 °C) on oxidation of different substrates and ROS production were estimated in mitochondria isolated from the liver of male and female rats of the 1–1.5, 3–4, or 6–7 months age. Results: Gender-dependent differences in response of respiration to hyperthermia were the highest at 3–4 months of age, less so at 6–7 months of age, and only minor at juvenile age. Mild hyperthermia (40–42 °C) stimulated pyruvate + malate oxidation in mitochondria of females, but inhibited in mitochondria of males in the 3–4 month age group. The resistance of mitochondrial membrane to hyperthermia was the highest at 3–4 month males, and the lowest in the 6–7 month age group. Inhibition of glutamate + malate oxidation by hyperthermia was caused by thermal inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase. ROS generation at 37 °C was higher at 1–1.5 month of age, but the increase in ROS generation with rise in temperature in this age group was the smallest, and the strongest in 6–7 month old animals of both genders. Conclusions: The response to hyperthermia varies during the first 6–7 months of life of experimental animals: stronger gender dependence is characteristic at 3–4 months of age, while mitochondria from 6–7 months animals are less resistant to hyperthermia.
Management of Lime in Steel
Authors: Manocha Sanjeev , Ponchon François
Published: August 2018

The EU28 total lime demand in 2017 was estimated at about 20 million tons, out of which about 40% are consumed in the iron and steel industry. Steel remains the major consumer after environment and construction. The lime industry is quite mature and consolidated in developed countries, with enough reserves and production to serve regional markets while being fragmented in developing nations where steel producers rely on local sourcing. There is relatively very little trade for lime worldwide. Lime has a critical role at different steps of the steelmaking process, and especially to make a good slag facilitating the removal of sulphur and phosphorus, and for providing a safer platform to withstand high intensity arc plasma in the electric arc furnace (EAF), and violent reactions in the basic oxygen furnace (BOF). Lime quality and quantity has a direct effect on slag quality, which affects metallurgical results, refractory life, liquid metal yield, and productivity, and therefore the total cost of the steel production. In this paper, we present the importance of careful selection in the limestone and calcination process, which influences critical lime quality characteristics. We shall further elaborate on the impact of lime characteristics in the optimization of the steelmaking process, metallurgical benefits, overall cost impact, potential savings, and environmental benefits.
Experimental Characterization of the Thermal Conductivity and Microstructure of Opacifier-Fiber-Aerogel Composite
Authors: Zhang Hu , Zhang Chao , Ji Wentao , Wang Xian , Li Yueming , Tao Wenquan
Published: August 2018

Due to their high-porosity, nanoporous structure and pores, aerogel materials possess extremely low thermal conductivity and have broad potential in the thermal insulation field. Silica aerogel materials are widely used because of their low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance. Pure silica aerogel is very fragile and nearly transparent to the infrared spectrum within 3–8 μm. Doping fibers and opacifiers can overcome these drawbacks. In this paper, the influences of opacifier type and content on the thermal conductivity of silica fiber mat-aerogel composite are experimentally studied using the transient plane source method. The thermal insulation performances are compared from 100 to 750 °C at constant pressure in nitrogen atmosphere among pure fiber mat, fiber mat-aerogel, 20% SiC-fiber mat-aerogel, 30% ZrO2-fiber mat-aerogel and 20% SiC + 30% ZrO2-fiber mat-aerogel. Fiber mat-aerogel doped with 20% SiC has the lowest thermal conductivity, 0.0792 W/m·K at 750 °C, which proves that the proper type and moderate content of opacifier dominates the low thermal conductivity. The pore size distribution indicates that the volume fraction of the micropore and mesopore is also the key factor for reducing the thermal conductivity of porous materials.
NMR as a Tool to Investigate the Processes of Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis
Authors: Cai Kai , Markley John L.
Published: August 2018

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, the ubiquitous protein cofactors found in all kingdoms of life, perform a myriad of functions including nitrogen fixation, ribosome assembly, DNA repair, mitochondrial respiration, and metabolite catabolism. The biogenesis of Fe-S clusters is a multi-step process that involves the participation of many protein partners. Recent biophysical studies, involving X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), have greatly improved our understanding of these steps. In this review, after describing the biological importance of iron sulfur proteins, we focus on the contributions of NMR spectroscopy has made to our understanding of the structures, dynamics, and interactions of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of Fe-S cluster proteins.
Development of Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescence Membranes for Detection of Nitrate in the Presence of Aluminum-Containing Compounds
Authors: Duong Hong Dinh , Kim Han Lae , Rhee Jong Il
Published: August 2018

In this study, a quantitative analysis of nitrate in aqueous solution was performed through the combination of an oxazine170 perchlorate–ethyl cellulose (O17-EC) membrane with aluminum-containing compounds. Aluminum of Devarda’s alloy (DA) or a clay hydrotalcite (HT) was employed for the reduction of nitrate to produce ammonia, and the produced ammonia was detected by the O17-EC membrane. The method of combining the O17-EC membrane with aluminum compounds has showed a broad detection range of nitrate. That is, the DA was combined with the O17-EC membrane and showed the linear nitrate detection ranges of 1–10 mM and 10–100 mM, while the O17-EC membrane immobilized with the clay HT showed a linear detection range of 0.1–1 mM nitrate. The visual color transition of the nitrate-sensing membranes at different nitrate concentrations was clearly observed under sunlight or irradiation of a light-emitting diode (LED) at an excitation wavelength of 470 nm (LED470).
An Effective and Secure Key Management Protocol for Message Delivery in Autonomous Vehicular Clouds
Authors: Li Congcong , Ji Shouwen , Zhang Xi , Wang Haiping , Li Dongfeng , Liu Huiyong
Published: August 2018

Autonomous vehicular clouds, as the combination of cloud computing and conventional vehicular ad hoc networks, will provide abundant resources and services by sharing under-utilized resources of future high-end vehicles such as computing power, storage and internet connectivity. Autonomous vehicular clouds will have significant impact if widely implemented in the intelligent transportation system. However, security and privacy issues are still big challenges in autonomous vehicular clouds. In this paper, after analyzing the particularity of autonomous vehicular clouds, we implement a two-layered architecture, in which vehicles are self-organized without the help of roadside units. Then based on the architecture, we put forward an effective key management protocol to distribute a group key efficiently and also provide the authentication and confidentiality that lots of current secure schemes ignore. In addition, according to the different scenarios and security levels we categorize the way of message transmitting into three kinds. At last, with performance evaluations, the proposed protocol can perform more efficiently than other well-known available schemes.
Spatially Resolved Broadband Synchrotron Emission from the Nonthermal Limbs of SN1006
Authors: Li Jiang-Tao , Ballet Jean , Miceli Marco , Zhou Ping , Vink Jacco , Chen Yang , Acero Fabio , Decourchelle Anne , Bregman Joel N.
Published: August 2018

We present ∼400 ks NuSTAR observations of the northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) nonthermal limbs of the Galactic SNR SN1006. We discovered three sources with X-ray emission detected at ≳50 keV. Two of them are identified as background active galactic nuclei. We extract the NuSTAR spectra from a few regions along the nonthermal limbs and jointly analyze them with the XMM-Newton spectra and the radio data. The broadband radio/X-ray spectra can be well described with a synchrotron emission model from a single population of CR electrons with a power-law energy distribution and an exponential cutoff. The power-law index of the electron particle distribution function (PDF) is ≈1.88–1.95 for both the NE and SW limbs, and we do not find significant evidence for a variation of this index at different energy (curvature). There are significant spatial variations of the synchrotron emission parameters. The highest energy electrons are accelerated in regions with the lowest expansion velocity, which is opposite to what has been found in Tycho’s supernova remnant. In addition to a gradual steepening of synchrotron emission from the center of the nonthermal limbs to larger azimuthal angles, we also find that both the emission spectrum and the PDF are significantly flatter in three regions in the SW limb where the shock encounters a higher density ambient medium. The NE limb also shows significantly higher cutoff energy in the PDF than the SW limb. By comparing with the roughly symmetric TeV emission and largely asymmetric GeV emission from the two nonthermal limbs, we conclude that the asymmetry in the ambient medium and magnetic fields may have largely modified the acceleration and emission of CR leptons.
Two Different Grain Size Distributions within the Protoplanetary Disk around HD 142527 Revealed by ALMA Polarization Observation
Authors: Ohashi Satoshi , Kataoka Akimasa , Nagai Hiroshi , Momose Munetake , Muto Takayuki , Hanawa Tomoyuki , Fukagawa Misato , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Murakawa Kohji , Shibai Hiroshi
Published: August 2018

The origin of polarized emission from protoplanetary disks is uncertain. Three mechanisms have been proposed for this polarized emission: grain alignment with magnetic fields, grain alignment with radiation gradients, and self-scattering of thermal dust emission. Aiming to observationally identify the polarization mechanisms, we present ALMA polarization observations of the 0.87 mm dust continuum emission toward the circumstellar disk around HD 142527 with high spatial resolution. We confirm that the polarization vectors in the northern region are consistent with self-scattering. Furthermore, we show that the polarization vectors in the southern region are consistent with grain alignment by magnetic fields, although self-scattering cannot be ruled out. To understand the differences between the polarization mechanisms, we propose a simple grain size segregation model: small dust grains (≲100 μm) are dominant and aligned with magnetic fields in the southern region, and middle-sized (∼100 μm) grains in the upper layer emit self-scattered polarized emission in the northern region. The grain size near the middle plane in the northern region cannot be measured because the emission at 0.87 mm is optically thick. However, it can be speculated that larger dust grains (≳cm) may accumulate near this plane. These results are consistent with those of a previous analysis of the disk, in which large grain accumulation and optically thick emission from the northern region were found. This model is also consistent with theories where smaller dust grains are aligned with magnetic fields. The magnetic fields are toroidal, at least in the southern region.
Planck 2015 Constraints on the Non-flat ΛCDM Inflation Model
Authors: Ooba Junpei , Ratra Bharat , Sugiyama Naoshi
Published: August 2018

We study Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data using the energy density inhomogeneity power spectrum generated by quantum fluctuations during an early epoch of inflation in the non-flat ΛCDM model. Unlike earlier analyses of non-flat models, which assumed an inconsistent power-law power spectrum of energy density inhomogeneities, we find that the Planck 2015 data alone, and also in conjunction with baryon acoustic oscillation measurements, are reasonably well fit by a closed ΛCDM model in which spatial curvature contributes a few percent of the current cosmological energy density budget. In this model, the measured Hubble constant and nonrelativistic matter density parameter are in good agreement with values determined using most other data. Depending on parameter values, the closed ΛCDM model has reduced power, relative to the tilted, spatially flat ΛCDM case, and can partially alleviate the low multipole CMB temperature anisotropy deficit and can help partially reconcile the CMB anisotropy and weak lensing σ
8 constraints, at the expense of somewhat worsening the fit to higher multipole CMB temperature anisotropy data. Our results are interesting but tentative; a more thorough analysis is needed to properly gauge their significance.
Eigenvalue Method for NEI Unit in FLASH Code
Authors: Zhang 張高 Gao-Yuan 原 , Foster Adam , Smith Randall
Published: August 2018

We describe an improved nonequilibrium ionization (NEI) method that we have developed as an optional module for the FLASH magnetohydrodynamic simulation code. The method employs an eigenvalue approach rather than the earlier iterative ordinary differential equation approach to solve the stiff differential equations involved in NEI calculations. The new code also allows the atomic data to be easily updated from the AtomDB database. We compare both the updated atomic data and the methods separately. The new atomic data are shown to make a significant difference in some circumstances, although the general trends remain the same. Additionally, the new method also allows simultaneous calculation of the nonequilibrium radiative cooling, which is not included in the original method. The eigenvalue method improves the calculation efficiency overall with no loss of accuracy. We explore some common ways to present the NEI state with a sample simulation and find that using average ionic charge difference from the equilibrium tends to be the clearest method.
Les antécédents de la régulation du service d'électricité en Espagne (1890-1945)
Authors: Bartolomé Rodríguez Isabel
Published: August 2018

Cet article traite de l'intervention publique sur les marchés espagnols de l'électricité au cours de ses cinquante premières années d'existence. Depuis 1900, le gouvernement central a pris en charge l'approbation technique et, depuis la Première guerre mondiale, a intensifié son intervention, déclarant en 1924 l'approvisionnement en électricité comme un service public, mais la législation concernant la régulation physique et économique des marchés de l'électricité est restée dispersée. Sur le plan technique, si la normalisation était adéquate, bien qu'elle n'ait pas fait l'objet d'un contrôle, les coupures de courant et les fraudes de la part des entreprises et des utilisateurs étaient tolérées. Dans le domaine strictement réglementaire, l'accélération de l'accès au marché et le gel des tarifs depuis 1920 ont accéléré à la fois la diffusion de l'éclairage et la transition vers l'hydroélectricité, tout en renforçant l'intégration verticale des entreprises.
Les conseillers au Conseil supérieur de Pondichéry, élite locale ou administrateurs de l’empire ? Étude prosopographique de ses membres de 1765 à 1790
Authors: Morel Anne
Published: August 2018

Après la suppression de la Compagnie française des Indes orientales en 1770, dans une période marquée par la perte d’influence de la France en Inde, Pondichéry et les comptoirs indiens sont restitués à la Couronne et passent alors sous l’autorité directe du Secrétariat d’État à la Marine. Centre névralgique du pouvoir politique et administratif en Inde, le Conseil supérieur fait alors l’objet de réformes répétées, qui transforment en profondeur les structures sociales de l’administration. Cet article se propose d’analyser les effets de ces évolutions à l’aune des trajectoires individuelles de ses membres de 1765 à 1790. En apportant un éclairage sur la manière dont ces agents coloniaux se situent par rapport à un double horizon géopolitique, à la fois impérial et indien, il s’inscrit dans une réflexion sur les structures sociales de l’empire, dont les comptoirs français en Inde ont jusqu’à présent largement été écartés.
Business as usual ? Société de consommation et Grande Guerre. L’expérience des camions-bazars dans l’armée française
Authors: Le Bras Stéphane
Published: August 2018

Alors que les armées françaises s’installent dans la guerre de position, la question du ravitaillement prend des proportions inédites. Au cœur de cette problématique se trouve la thématique de la vie chère, de ses causes et des moyens d’y remédier. Pour ce faire, l’armée française met en place des structures commerciales innovantes, les camions-bazars. Censés répondre à une demande constante sur le front, ceux-ci ont surtout pour but de maintenir le moral des troupes et donc de participer à l’effort de guerre. Dans le même temps, ils témoignent d’une transformation du rapport des soldats à la consommation, diffusant de nouvelles pratiques et représentations. Dès lors, dans ce domaine également, la guerre s’apparente à un accélérateur de l’histoire.
Variation de la durée des pauses silencieuses : impact de la syntaxe, du style de parole et des disfluences
Authors: Grosman Iulia , Simon Anne Catherine , Degand Liesbeth
Published: August 2018

Dans cette contribution, nous cherchons à rendre compte de la fréquence et de la durée des pauses silencieuses en fonction de leur localisation dans la chaîne parlée, de leur combinaison avec d’autres disfluences et de la situation de parole dans laquelle elles sont produites. À partir de l’analyse de 4 845 pauses silencieuses extraites d’un corpus (durée 3 h 38 min) représentant 14 situations de parole contrastées, nous montrons que la localisation syntaxique des pauses est le facteur qui explique le mieux leur durée et que cette corrélation est renforcée dans les situations de parole préparées ou médiatiques. Nous proposons aussi une réflexion approfondie sur l’opportunité d’utiliser des seuils de durée (inférieurs ou supérieurs) pour exclure certaines pauses de l’analyse et sur les manières de représenter les durées des pauses pour tenir compte du fait qu’elles ne suivent pas une distribution normale.