bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery of cobalt and nickel from spent lithium ion batteries with citric acid using leaching process: Kinetics study
Authors: Yuliusman  , Silvia  , Nurqomariah Annisaa , Fajaryanto Radifan
Published: November 2018

Lithium ion batteries are commonly used as power sources for mobile phone, but by using it continually will degrade their capabilities. Battery replacements will cause a lot of waste in environment. Spent lithium ion batteries cathode contain heavy metals, such as cobalt and nickel. However it is also included as valuable metals thus recovery process is necessary. In this research, hydrometallurgical leaching process has been done for recovery of cobalt and nickel from spent lithium ion batteries using citric acid as a leaching agent by varying citric acid concentration (0.5-1 M), reaction temperature (50-80) and reaction time (5-20 minutes). The spent lithium ion batteries were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The result showed that the leaching of lithium ion batteries using citric acid was depend on citric acid concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time. Based on kinetics study, the leaching reaction of cobalt and nickel from cathode powder using citric acid was chemically controlled process and the activation energy of cobalt and nickel were 67.12 kJ/mole and 58.22 kJ/mole. The reaction order of leaching cobalt and nickel using citric acid was first-order reaction.
Hull Design of Solar Powered Recreational Electric Boat for Indonesian Waters
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Yusro Fahmi
Published: November 2018

Indonesia with its more than 17,000 islands and its geographical location as tropical country is blessed with many marine tourism destinations such as beautiful beaches and coral reefs, coastal community culture etc., in fact tourism is ranked as 3rd highest foreign income. On the other hand Indonesian government is also committed to promote the use of environmentally friendly new and renewable energy as an alternative to the fossil fuel which highly contribute to the air pollution. In conjunction with government’s program in developing the marine tourism and in using green energy, the research is aimed to design solar powered recreational boat for tourism in Indonesia. The paper is focused on the design of the boat structure such as the hull type, the environmental friendly material for the boat hull, the arrangement of the boat that would suitable to be powered with solar energy etc. For this purpose references are obtained from literature study, experts’ opinion, and previous experiments.
Recent advances in antimicrobial air filter
Authors: Komaladewi A.A.I.A.S. , Khoiruddin K. , Surata I.W. , Subagia I.D.G.A. , Wenten I.G.
Published: November 2018

The worsening air quality has become an environmental issue since it has a serious effect on human health. This is generally attributed to airborne particles including various pathogens and others fine particles. Even though air filters show excellent removal efficiency towards pathogens, the captured microorganism can remain viable in the filter, grow, and re-suspended into an air stream resulting in a secondary source of pollutants. Considerable studies have been conducted to develop air filters which also have antibacterial properties for solving this issue. Results of several studies showed that air filters with antimicrobial activities have been successfully prepared by incorporating inorganic nanoparticles and natural plant extracts. With antibacterial properties, the air filters may be potentially used to control air quality, particularly for indoor spaces e.g. hospitals, by removing fine particles and inhibiting microorganism. In this paper, the recent development of antimicrobial air filter is reviewed. In addition, preparation and performance of developed antimicrobial filters are discussed. Prospects and challenges of antimicrobial air filter are also pointed out.
Recent progress in microfiltration polypropylene membrane fabrication by stretching method
Authors: Komaladewi Anak Agung Istri Agung Sri , Aryanti Putu Teta Prihartini , Lugito Graecia , Wayan Surata I , Gede Wenten I
Published: November 2018

Microfiltration polypropylene (MF-PP) membrane has been widely used in many industries due to their excellent combination of good separation performances and low production cost. In addition to membrane configuration, the structure of MF-PP membrane also plays an important role in separation performance. MF-PP membrane is commonly produced by thermal induced phase separation (TIPS) and stretching. TIPS is the simplest one where the polymer is dissolved in a solvent at a decent temperature and then cooled to induce phase separation which leads to the formation of microporous structure. However, this method is limited by the nature of PP that is difficult to dissolve in organic solvents and the solvent-contaminated effluent produced during the fabrication process. Therefore, the stretching method is more favorably used. The Stretching method involves four processing stages in sequence (i.e. melt-extrusion, annealing, stretching, and heat setting). Polymer composition, extrusion draw ratio, as well as stretching rate and temperature, are important parameters that significantly affect the pore structures evolved and thus the properties as well as the performances of MF-PP membrane. In this paper, the recent development of MF-PP fabrication by stretching methods as well as the parameters involved in each method will be reviewed and discussed comprehensively.
Preparation and characterization of soybean straw activated carbon for natural gas storage
Authors: Yuliusman  , Nasruddin  , WidhiNugroho Yugo , IlmiNaf’an Hizba , Sinto Jervis
Published: November 2018

Adsorbed natural gas (ANG) can be developed through its porous adsorbent, especially activated carbon (AC) which has larger specific surface area. AC made of soybean straw is developed because of its abundance as agricultural waste in Indonesia and high lignocellulosic content. AC is produced in 500°C furnace for 1 hour with nitrogen gas flow of 200 mL/minute. For AC production, variations of chemical activating agents utilizing ZnCl2 and KOH and the concentration NiO as modification substance are made in this paper. Characterizations are made through iodine number, SEM, EDX, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption for obtaining data of adsorption capacity, surface topography, main composition, and particles specification. ZnCl2 activated carbon shows better result with iodine number of 577.73 mg/g and SBET of 741.26 m2/g, and the second-best is found in 2%-NiO-modified ZnCl2 activated carbon with iodine number of 534.79 mg/g and SBET of 632.24 m2/g. It is concluded that development of soybean straw as activated carbon precursor is still needed to obtain larger SBETand better adsorption capacity.
Characterization and Fabrication of Metakaolin using Pulau Bangka Kaolin
Authors: Astutiningsih Sotya , Banjarnahor Irwin M. , Zakiyuddin Ahmad
Published: November 2018

Geopolymer material is an advanced material that is now being looked for its use as a refractory material, additive for building material, as well as other applications. Geopolymer is produced by polymerizing the precursor used in the process. One of the common precursors being used as geopolymer is metakaolin. The metakaolin was produced by thermal treatment (calcination) of kaolin minerals, which will convert its mineral structure from crystaline into amorphous and make it more reactive. This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of metakaolin using kaolin from Bangka island. The main structure of kaolin used in this study are kaolinite and muscovite according to XRD results obtained. Metakaolin was produced by thermal treatment using three different calcination temperatures ranged from 600 to 700°C and calcined for 4 hours. Prior to calcination, some specimens will be mechanically milled using planetary ball mill for 15 minutes with the milling speed of 20.00 rad/s and will also be calcined with the same parameter. As a comparison, commercial metakaolin MetaStar also be used to compare it to all metakaolin produced. All metakaolin produced are characterized by XRD and SEM, and STA test will be performed to kaolin to examine its thermal behavior. The STA test performed to both milled and non-milled sample shows that dehydroxylation and reconstruction process occurs at temperature range of 460-520°C and 520-640°C for kaolin sample, and at temperature of 426-537°C and 537-618°C for milled kaolin sample. XRD pattern obtained shows that almost all metakaolin produced have the relatively similar pattern to each other as well as to MetaStar, with the main peak of quartz (SiO2) at 2= 26.60° to 26.65°. The SEM results shows the characteristic layered-laminate plate-like structure of kaolin. Compared to another SEM results obtained, it can be concluded that there are no changes to the visible structure of metakaolin produced with the same kaolin used after calcination.
Characterization and Comparison of Geopolymer Synthesized Using Metakaolin Bangka and Metastar as Precursors
Authors: Astutiningsih Sotya , Tambun Dicky , Zakiyuddin Ahmad
Published: November 2018

Various aluminosilicate material have been used as precursor for geopolymer. Geopolymer gets its strength from the polycondensation of silicate and alumina. Metakaolin, calcinated kaolin, is pozzolan with the highest alumina and silicate purity. Indonesia, especially Bangka Island, has a large amount of kaolin deposit that being sold at low price. This price could be increased ten times when being sold as metakaolin. This study aimed to compare mechanical and metallurgical properties of commercial metakaolin and Bangka kaolin which calcinated at 700°C. Both metakaolins reacted with NaOH and waterglass as the activator followed by curing at room temperature for 7, 14 and 28 days and elevated temperature of 60°C for 4, 12 and 24 hours. Mechanical properties will be examined by compressive strength and flexural strength test, while the metallurgical properties will be evaluated with SEM, and TAM. The results of the mechanical test will be used to determine which geopolymer will perform well with the microstructure and thermal activity to support the finding. These attempts will be done in order to improve the properties of Bangka metakaolin geopolymer superior to commercial metakaolin.
Development of pma/pvac-tpai-bmii solid polymer electrolytes for application in dye sensitized solar cell
Authors: Azmar Amisha , Winie Tan
Published: November 2018

Electrolyte film of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with composition of 90:10 and 20 wt.% of tetrapropyl ammonium iodide (TPAI) at different of 1-butyl-3- methyl imidazoliumiodide (BMII) concentration were prepared by solution casting technique. Highest conductivities achieve at 5wt.% of BMII is 1.2 x 10-11 S cm-1. Effects of temperature of this sample on the dielectric properties was studied by impedance spectroscopy. The dielectric constant, εr and dielectric loss, εi increased with increasing temperature. Charge carrier relaxation time was extracted from the electrical modulus spectra. It was found that the relaxation time decreased with temperature. The ac conductivity was observed to obey the Jonscher’s Universal Power Law. The correlated barrier hopping model (CBH) was used to interpret the conduction mechanism of the present electrolyte system. Electrolyte films were sandwiched between titanium dioxide photoanode and platinum counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) assembly. The solar cell with 5wt.% showed highest efficiency of 4.62% with maximum short circuit current density(Jsc) of 10.04 mAcm-2, open circuit voltage (Voc) 0.70 V and fill factor, ff of 66.04%.
Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Batteries Using Heat Pipe and Phase Change Materials
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Ariantara Bambang , Putra Nandy , Sandi Adjie Fahrizal , Abdullah Nasruddin A.
Published: November 2018

The performance of an electric vehicle depends on the battery used. While, in the operation of an electric vehicle, batteries experience a quick heating especially at the beginning of charging and could cause a fire. Therefore, the solution could be proposed is by employing heat pipe and Phase Change Material (PCM) for cooling of battery. The heat pipe serves to transfer the battery’s heat energy. In other hands, PCM functions as a heat sink when the battery runs, so its performance will stable and extend the lifespan. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of electric vehicle batteries at a temperature of 50°C using the combination of heat pipe and PCM. The ‘L’ type of heat pipe and beeswax PCM were assembled as cooling device. In addition, a battery simulator was employed as a test instrument by varying the heat load of 20, 30, 40, and 50 W. The experiments were successfully conducted, and the results showed that the addition of heat pipe and PCM could keep the surface temperature of battery below 50°C, at heat load of 20 - 50 W. Heat pipe and PCM for battery’s cooling system, can reduce the battery surface temperature significantly and can be proposed as an alternative system for cooling battery.
Synthesis of carbon nanotube using ferrocene as carbon source and catalyst in a vertical structured catalyst reactor
Authors: Wulan Praswasti PDK , Rivai Ghassan Tsabit
Published: November 2018

Development of nano-carbon technology in the world has recently occurred due to its excellent electric, thermal, and mechanical properties and it diverse of applications such as electronics, biology, and material. Fixed bed reactor run into blocked due to carbon deposition on the catalyst that cause pressure drop enhancement. Whereas, application of fluidized bed reactor as an alternative of prior reactor have some trouble for complicated of feed flow control that can cause change of catalyst particle size during reaction since agglomeration and adhesion of nanoparticles transpire. Synthesis of carbon nanotube material used a vertical structured catalyst gauze reactor with double furnace system to maintain the catalyst and carbon source in the form of gas phase. This will lead growth of CNT on the surface of the substrate proved by SEM and XRD characterization. Furnace 1 used to ferrocene vaporizer at 400°C and furnace 2 provide substrate placement for CNT growth at 850°C. CNTs characterization confirmed yield and CNT diameter 29.33% and 11.38 nm respectively. Characterization of SEM show that CNT grows on stainless steel type 316 substrate preferable with oxidative heat treatment. Nevertheless, CNTs product still contain many of impurities such as Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe3C, hexagonal graphite, and amorphous carbon.
Mechanical Physicial Properties of Chlorella-PVA based Bioplastic with Ultrasonic Homogenizer
Authors: Sabathini H.A. , Windiani L. , Dianursanti  , Gozan M.
Published: November 2018

Public demand for environmentally friendly packaging material especially in food industry is increasing. One of the many solutions invented for this problem is the development of biodegradable plastic. Biopolymer can be mixed with synthetic polymer to produce biodegradable films with properties suitable for varying applications. This study examines the mechanical physical properties of Chlorellapolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based bioplastic by pre-treating the Chlorella powder with ultrasonic homogenizer. Variation of Chlorella concentration and temperature was done during the ultrasonication. Before being used as bioplastic base, pre-treated Chlorella with different concentrations were equated. Bioplastic films were then prepared with the pre-treated Chlorella powder and PVA using solvent casting method. Mechanical physical properties of the pre-treated Chlorella films then compared with non pretreated Chlorella film as control. Mechanical test shows the increasing of bioplastic tensile strength up to 15,3 kgf/cm2 and elongation percentage up to 99,63%. Field emission scanning electron microscopy test shows the increasing of bioplastic homogenity and smoother surface with less pores. Fourier transform infrared analysis shows that there are crosslinkages between Chlorella and PVA. Thermal analysis by thermogravimetric analysis shows ultrasonication creates a more compact linkages. The performance of the film could suggest its potential as an eco-sustainable food packaging plastic material.
Application of multivariable model predictive control to overcome the intervariable interaction in CO2 removal process
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Meizvira Fitriani , Wiranoto Yoga
Published: November 2018

Multivariable model predictive control (MMPC) was applied in CO2 removal process in a natural gas treatment from an industry located in Subang field, which used chemical absorption. MMPC is a variation of model predictive control (MPC) which can account for more than one control variable at once and is classified in advanced control category. MMPC is expected to give a better performance in handling the process as well as being able to overcome intervariable interaction that is prone to happen in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. MMPC was applied in the process to get a better process control performance compared to the one using PI controller and to make any intervariable interaction in the process more manageable. The indicator for each goal was integral square error (ISE). The result showed that identified intervariable interaction was between the pressure of gas feed in and the flow of make-up water to absorber. By using MMPC, the ISE of controller’s performance was improved from the PI-controller that was used in the plant. The improvement for ISE was 32.62% (PIC-1101) and 72.67% (FIC-1102) in the SP tracking, and 52.54% (PIC-1101) and 57.41% (FIC-1102) in the disturbance rejection. MMPC implementation also showed a better response in handling intervariable interaction in the process.
The effect of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) addition on the reduction-roasting process of titania iron sand
Authors: Nugraha Agung , Priyono Bambang , Maksum Ahmad , Juna Haidir , Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi
Published: November 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) addition on the reduction proses of tiania iron sand. The sample that used in this research are the iron sand that taken from Sukabumi, West Java, coal as reductor, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as additive and primary parameter. From the result of XRD characterization and semi-quantitative analysis the addition of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) on roasting process remove the impurities like alumuniom oxide (Al2O3). In the other hand, the content of titano-magnetite (Fe2TiO4-Fe3O4) in the iron sand increase with addition of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). Meanwhile, from semi-quantitative analysis result with the variation of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) in 5%, 15%, and 25% have an optimum point on the addition of 15% sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) with 46,9% of titano-magnetite (Fe2TiO4-Fe3O4) content.
Energy Audit on Oil and Gas Industry Facility: Case Study at Field Y, East Kalimantan
Authors: Zulfah  , Muliahati Annisa , Karamah Eva Fathul
Published: November 2018

This paper discusses energy audit in operating oil and gas production facility in Indonesia by taking a case study at Field Y, East Kalimantan. Energy audit is essential to be carried out in order to identify current rate of efficiency and energy intensity in oil and gas production facility, and extrapolate the data as baseline to recommend potential room for improvement in increasing efficiency. Calculation on efficiency and energy intensity has been performed against main equipments which consumes fuel gas, namely generators and turbo compressors. Data from 2015-2017 were collected to perform the calculation. Calculation results showed that generator thermal efficiency ranges from 13.54% - 17.45%, which was affected by generator load power itself. The efficiency improves as the load power increases. Meanwhile, compressor thermal efficiency ranged from 28.36% - 33.79% depending on process variables and compressed gas volume. Energy intensity calculation result showed the value of 64.554 - 71.064 and greenhouse gas emission ranged from 160.48-208.17 kt CO2 eq. From this study, it is identified that improvements to increase efficiency and reduce energy intensity can be made through operating one generator and one compressor, and assessing the use of renewable energy resources to supply power requirement for non-process facilities on site.
Standard review and update for tropical comfort shift of the built environment
Authors: Samodra FX Teddy Badai , Irvansyah  , Erwindi Collinthia
Published: November 2018

The urban building standards recommend adaptable shift on heat and noise criteria as the main issues related to the high-density environment. The previous studies relating to building thermal comfort provided the comparison results between the past and recent conditions. This study reviews the guidelines and regulations of international standard, overseas countries, and specific region of tropical climate research in Indonesia. The evaluation is focused on tropical climate in order to reach the accurate thermal comfort and noise criteria comparison for Indonesia. Furthermore, the field study of the 71 of the tropical built environment respondents was also conducted in order to update and compare to the existing standards. The review results show that compared to 17°C to 31°C thermal comfort range from the World Health Organization, the tropical thermal comfort should be determined with a range of 29.3°C to 31°C. Based on the field studies, for lowland is formulated by 1.4x+29.3 and in highland is 1.5x+29.3 as two representative regions of the tropical environment. For noise criteria, some countries set the policy for determining noise limits which has the same value between day and night condition as the result of the constant number of noise source with the similar level of annoyance. Based on the field study, this study updates the noise criteria which the denser environment, lowland, has limits of noise in 49.9 dBA when in highland is 47.8 dBA. Both of them are lower than 55 dBA of Indonesian Standard. Noise perception by occupants in nighttime shows that both in the lowland and in the highland, the vote is lower than daytime. The noise limits are 45.9 dBA and 40.0 dBA for lowland and highland, respectively. In general, the updated standard completes the existing and the detail of Indonesia national standard and the will be useful to guide the tropical building design.
The Reeds Performance Study on Traditional Architecture as Building Material in Wae Rebo Village
Authors: Juwono Indri L. , Susanto Dalhar
Published: November 2018

The use of natural materials in traditional architecture has the advantage that the natural resources are owned together by the people living around the resources, the distance is not too far away from the settlement, the extraction resource’s process didn’t spend a lot of energy, and it’s more environmental friendly because easy to decompose and return to nature. Natural material as an element in traditional architecture become important as part of architectural research, not only to preserve the form, but also to pass on local knowledge about the traditional architectural construction process. One of the dominant materials for building’s roof located on small islands along the banks of the Indian Ocean is reed roof. It is derived from tall grassshaped grasses with the latin name Imperata cylindrica. This study aims to explore the material’s potential of reeds as a local identity by tracing local-based techniques/indigeneous utilization of reeds in traditional architecture in Indonesia. By tracing the way the reeds are utilized, we can find technical performance that makes the reeds useful as building materials that survive for hundreds of years which is also known of the life cycle process. The methods were by doing interviews and observation at traditional settlements at Wae Rebo and by measuring the reeds’ performance in each cycle of life cycle so that we could identify the causes of reeds decay. From these methods it would be revealed how humidity influenced at each stage of the life cycle ranging from extraction to maintenance, and to the strength of reeds. The traditional treatment on the process of the reeds maintenance could reduce moisture and extend the life of the reed roof.
Waste treatment of remazol blue compounds based on ozonation/AOP in a bubble column reactor
Authors: Sekar Nadisti Meidina , Annisa Nur , Fathul Karamah Eva , Saksono Nelson , Bismo Setijo
Published: November 2018

Increased production in the textile industry has the potential to result in high dye waste water. Various conventional methods to handle with textile waste treatment have been done, but still considered not yet or less effective. The AOP technology (Advanced Oxidation Processes) applied in this research is a rapid degradation technology in textile wastes with advanced oxidation process through the formation of hydroxyl radical (OH) which is considered to optimize the degradation process of textile dye waste. This study aims to evaluate the performance of ozonation methods and AOP (O3/UV/H2O2) in dye degradation of textile wastewater containing remazol blue compounds. Both configuration methods used are optimized in several parameters such as waste flow rate, ozone voltage and pH to obtain maximum remazol blue degradation. From this study, the higher percentage to remazol blue degradation is 99.99%, which is achieved by AOP method, with double air injection air flow rate of 10 L/min and 0.25 L/min liquid flow rate.
Mix Concrete: Combining the Composition to Create New Surface of Architectural Building
Authors: Amalia Ningsih Tria , Susanto Dalhar , CHairunnisa Intan
Published: November 2018

Concrete has been transfigured from the object of mass production at twentieth century to advancing technology of building a new formation of contemporary architectural design. Concrete has evolved in ranging aggregate particles, to push the boundary the concept of reinforcing concrete with high-performance quality the thinness or elasticity. There are several conditions of concrete construction based on assembling this material towards architectural buildings. In the architectural practice, the issue of structure underlines the combination of concrete system which resists the tensile strength. Concrete also reflects on surfaces of architectural elements and potentially reshaped as a vehicle for sculptural form. Mixed concrete is a preliminary idea of mixing concrete composition with other materials such as gravel, ceramic and plastic which then discovers different form or texture. The forms of expression which have emerged alongside the technical developments reflect aesthetic value with various surfaces. This exploration is a part of learning activities in building technology class which aims at directing students to utilize concrete through mixing technique. It is developed in order to create a sustainability process of concrete and discuss the possibilities of future environmental impact by using concrete. Reshaping the visible face of concrete reveals the astonishing achievement of architecture.
Daylight Performance of Colonial Houses in Surabaya
Authors: Antaryama I Gusti N. , Ekasiwi Sri N.N. , Irvansyah  , Ulum Muhammad S.
Published: November 2018

The present study explores and evaluates daylight performance of colonial houses in Surabaya. It is a prelimanary study that is aimed to further extent the knowledge regarding the daylight conditions in the colonial houses which is limited and previously arised only by small number of studies. Daylight condition of the building is collected through a field measurement which is conducted in four colonial houses in Surabaya during the dry season. The daylight factor of the building is then analyzed and evaluated to indicate the daylight performance of the houses. The study found that not all of the colonial houses under study were able to suffice the minimum daylight requirements for domestic activities. Good daylight performance can be achieved by the building design and the appropriate utilisation schedule of window. Design strategies used in the colonial house reflect the adapatability of the building to the warm humid climate of Surabaya.
Methane Number Improvement of Gas from LNG Regasification Unit
Authors: Tjojudo Danianto Hendragiri , Kartohardjono Sutrasno
Published: November 2018

Methane Number (MN) is one of quality requirement of gas as fuel for gas engine, which indicates fuel capability to avoid knocking in the engine. Higher MN provides better quality of gas for gas engine. Natural gas with higher methane (CH4) and fewer higher hydrocarbon, tends to have higher MN score. This study aims to obtain heating methods of LNG to produce vapor that has appropriate MN as a fuel gas supply to gas engine. The simulation for LNG regasification prepared is an approach to the design of the existing regasification facility of the power plant in Bali. The temperature ranges for LNG heating simulation were obtained based on saturated temperatures of LNG phase envelopes. In the simulation. to obtain a certain MN value can be conducted by adjusting the temperatures at two different values i.e. above -110 ° and below - 80 °. To produce LNG vapor that has MN of 80 either through higher temperature of heating (HT heating) or lower temperature of heating (LT heating) requires more energy than direct heating without MN improvement. Heat loading for LT heating is higher than HT heating due to more temperature defference between LT and heating fluid temperatures. The ability of engine to produce power decreased with decreasing fuel gas MN. The power increment increases for lower MN gas if MN improvement is conducted.
Building Rejuvenation Approach Through Revitalization, Rehabilitation and Redevelopment - Case of Vertical Housing in Jakarta
Authors: Saputra Apriansyah , Isnaeni Hendrajaya
Published: November 2018

Jakarta, as the center of government, trading, business, and industry becomes the main destination for many migrants to find jobs. This results in the massive population increase in Jakarta every year while the urban area availability has contrast proportion with the needs of housing area. The limited urban area, as well as the increase of land value, is not possible to build new housing area in the city center. The solution of this problem is rejuvenation of the buildings that have already existed. In this case, the writers carry the rejuvenation case of the vertical housing in Kebon Kacang XI that is close to the age limit of the building and has looked slum thus created visibility gap between the vertical housing and the other housing areas and could get the gentrification results. Besides, Kebon Kacang XI vertical housing is located in the center of Jakarta and has increasing BCR so that it is able to maximize the unit of building capacity to fulfill the needs of affordable houses in the city. The aims of this paper are to find out and to compare three different forms of rejuvenation as the solution of housing area provision for the low-income people in the city center through revitalization, rehabilitation, and redevelopment approach.
The Fabrication of Hierarchical Carbon Nanotube/carbon fibre/polyethylene Composites via Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Hu Chao , Liao Xinwen , Qin Qinghua , Wang Gang
Published: November 2018

In this research, the hierarchical carbon nanotube/carbon fibre/polyethylene (CNT/CF/PE) composites were fabricated via the conventional twin-screw extrusion technique. For this multi-component composite, 1% wt CNTs were uniformly coated onto the surface of CF by using spray coating method. The effect of CNTs and CFs as reinforcing fillers on the mechanical properties was investigated through mechanical test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization. It has been found that with the content increase of CFs (i.e. 0% wt, 5% wt, 10% wt, 15% wt, 20% wt, 25% wt), both of tensile strength and tensile modulus exhibited an upward trend. Moreover, CF/PE composites with CNT coatings have higher mechanical performance than the counterparts without CNT coatings. The SEM results demonstrated that with the spray coating of CNTs onto CFs, the surface roughness of CFs was increased, thus contributing to the improvement of interfacial bonding between the reinforcement (CFs) and the matrix (PE).
Producing Bio-Oil from Coconut Shell by Fast Pyrolysis Processing
Authors: Fardhyanti Dewi Selvia , Megawati  , Kurniawan Cepi , Sigit Lestari Retno Ambarwati , Triwibowo Bayu
Published: November 2018

The utilization of biomass as a source of new and renewable energy is being carried out. One of the technologies to convert biomass as an energy source is pyrolysis which is converting biomass into more valuable products, such as bio–oil. Bio–oil is a liquid which produced by steam condensation process from the pyrolysis of coconut shell. The composition of biomass such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin will be oxidized to phenol as the main content of the bio–oil. Production of bio–oil from coconut shell was investigated via fast pyrolysis reactor. Fast pyrolysis was carried out at 500 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C and 1 hour holding time at pyrolysis temperature. The Bio-oil chemical composition was investigated using GC–MS. Percentage value of phenol, 2–methoxy phenol, 3–methoxy 1,2–benzenediol, and 2,6–dimethoxy phenol was 45.42%, 13.37%, 10.09%, and 11.72% respectively.
Wheel Loader Driving Intention Recognition with Gaussian Mixture - Hidden Markov Model
Authors: Cao Guoxiang , Wang Anlin , Xu Donghuan
Published: November 2018

Accurate recognition of driving intentions can delay upshifts under the intention of quick acceleration to maximize vehicle power performance; avoid frequent gear changes in automatic transmissions for rapid deceleration intention and make all power to flow to the bucket in the desire for fast motion of cylinders. However, due to the ambiguity of the human intentions and multiple meanings of depressing on the accelerator pedal in wheel loader, it is difficult to recognize driving intention. Nevertheless, the driver’s intentions are directly reflected in the accelerator pedal, brake pedal and hydraulic valve control handle. By detecting these observable signals such as the signals of acceleration pedal’s displacement and velocity, brake pedal’s displacement and velocity and valve status Gaussian Mixture – Hidden Markov Model(MGHMM) can recognize the unobservable driving intentions. The experiment is done in Simulink and the results show that MGHMM can recognize driving intentions as expected.
Rule Optimization of Self-organization Control of Traffic Signals in Urban Net Based on Hydrodynamic
Authors: Zhong Fusheng , Wang Anlin
Published: November 2018

Prior researchers indicate that hydrodynamics models of traffic-flow is lack of description of changing mechanism under urban traffic, and self-organization control system can not explain the dynamic characteristics of urban traffic flow clearly. The aim of the paper is to puts forward an optimized method on control rules that make the united application of hydrodynamics and self-organization system in signal control. The parameter sets of control rules are built from parameter sets of road network which are evolution under hydrodynamic equations such as the length of each lane, phase, queue length and so on .With the aim of the maximum traffic volume at each intersection in the road network, the control rules optimize its parameter sets to adapt to the dynamic change. By means of the computer simulation, the application of signal self-organizing control under hydrodynamic is proved effective in urban traffic.a
Space Charge Accumulation in Silicone Rubber Influenced by Poole-Frenkel Effect
Authors: Kang Wenbin , Meng Shaoxing , Cui Haozhe , Li Yuwei , Mi Rui , Yan Chenyu , Li Shijun , Min Daomin
Published: November 2018

With the rapid increase of electrical energy consumption in metropolises, more and more power cables are utilized in power grid or urban power network to transmit and distribute electrical energy. Silicone rubber is widely used as polymeric insulating materials of power cable accessories due to their excellent electrical and thermal performances. However, under high dc electric field space charges can accumulate inside the silicone rubber, which will distort the electric field in the bulk of the material, influencing the reliability and safety of operation. A bipolar charge injection and transport model is adopted to investigate the accumulation of space charges and distortion of electric field in silicone rubber. It is found that when charge injection rate is higher than the charge migration rate, space charges will accumulate in the material and the accumulation increases with an increase in electric field. The influence of the Poole-Frenkel effect is then studied. It is found that stronger Poole-Frenkel effect can enhance the nonlinearity of effective carrier mobility of silicone rubber, reducing the accumulation of space charges. This indicates that tuning the nonlinearity of effective carrier mobility by nano-doping can suppress space charges, improving the reliability of power cable accessories.
The preparation, characterization and application of glycol aqueous base graphene oxide nanofluid
Authors: Li Yihuai , Wu Zihua , Xie Huaqing , Tang Dingcong , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Zhen
Published: November 2018

Enhancement of the heat transfer of the cold side is one of the approaches to improve the performance of thermoelectric generator systems (TEGs). In order to investigate viability and further performance of the TEG for waste heat recovery in industry area, a small low-temperature waste heat thermoelectric generator setup has been constructed with graphene oxide (GO) nanofluids as coolants in the paper. The results showed excellent stability of GO nanofluids through the preparation of two-step method to be applied in the TEGs .The highest open output voltage of TEG system were obtained by 0.15% weight fraction of GO nanofluids as coolant when the temperature difference (△T) was designed at 95K and the hot side temperature was fixed at 373K in the TEGs. Compared with conventional glycol-water base fluid as coolant, the highest open voltage enhancement ratio has reached 65.26% in the TEGs.
Microwave Synthesis of AlFeCuCrNi /TiB2 High-Entropy Alloy Matrix Composites
Authors: Lan Lijuan , Pu Tianjiao , Gu Yingying , Zhu Chengyan , Zhu Heguo
Published: November 2018

The Al-Fe-Cu-Cr-Ni-Ti-B system was microwaved to generate high entropy alloy matrix composites reinforced by TiB2 particles. The micro structure and reaction process of the composites were observed and investigated by modern analysis methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis. The results show that AlFeCuCrNi /TiB2 composites can be prepared by microwave heating method. The matrix structure was FCC, and the reinforcement TiB2 showed regular geometric morphology in the matrix and evenly distributed in the matrix when the volume fraction of the reinforcement is 10%. When the volume fraction of the reinforcement increased to 15%, TiB2 partially aggregates in the matrix, and the system activation energy was 195.69 kJ/mol.
Photocatalytic oxidation degradation mechanism study of methylene blue dye waste water with GR/iTO2
Authors: Wang Xi-quan , Han Song-fu , Zhang Qing-wen , Zhang Nan , Zhao Dan-dan
Published: November 2018

Graphene/titania multiplex photo-catalyst was prepared through hydrothermal method. Methylene blue with initial concentration of 20 mg/L in aqueous solution was treated by photocatalytic oxidation and the degradation process was investigated by UV/Vis spectrum, FTIR and GC-MS Spectra analysis. The results indicated that the conjugate structure of N-S heterocyclic compound was broken and aromatic ring was oxidized to open the ring. The methylene blue molecules were finally mineralized to H2O and CO2 in the photocatalytic degradation process.
Effect of calcination temperature on the catalytic performance of CoFe2O4/Nitrogen doped sludge based activated carbon in activation of peroxymonosulfate for degradation of coking wastewater
Authors: Tao Yongkang , Li Lihua , Ren Lixiong , Liang Yu , Wang Xin
Published: November 2018

A novel supported heterogeneous magnetic catalyst CoFe2O4/N-doped sludge based activated carbon (CoFe2O4/N-SAC) was prepared by polymer network gel method for the first time. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, VSM and XPS techniques. The prepared catalyst is applied to the heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate for degradation of coking wastewater, and the effect of calcination temperature on the catalytic activity was investigated. The result reveals that the catalyst shows the highest catalytic activities under the calcination temperature is 800 °C with the TOC removal rate of coking wastewater is 84.31%.
A new rhodamine fluorescent OFF-ON-OFF probe for selective sensing of Fe3+ and AcO- in aqueous media and living cells
Authors: Liu Qinglei , Liu Huimin , Lei Yanan , Gao Yan , Zhao Bing
Published: November 2018

A new fluorescent chemosensor for Fe3+ was developed based on a rhodamine platform. L displayed highly selective and sensitive “OFF-ON” fluorescence response and naked-eye color change to Fe3+ in aqueous solution. The resulting L-Fe3+ complex was found to act as a selective“ ON-OFF” fluorescence probe for AcO- against common anions and cations with a Fe3+ displacement approach. The detection limits of L to Fe3+ and L-Fe3+ complex to AcO- were estimated to be 6.04×10-8 mol/L and 7.51×10-8 mol/L, respectively. The good biocompatibility of L enabled the investigation of fluorescent response for Fe3+ and AcO- in living Ana-1 cells by confocal microscope.
Studied on the extraction, response surface analysis and antioxidant activity of flavonoids in the Momordia cochinchinensis seeds
Authors: Jiang Junyu , Fei Aiping , Wang Yong , Fang Zhigang , Teng Yingxue , Hao Xiaoliang
Published: November 2018

This text was mainly studied the extraction flavonoids technology from Momordia cochinchinensis seeds. The optimum extraction condition was as follows: when the ratio of liquid to solid was 20:1, the ethanol concentration was 90% and the extraction time was 2h. Under this condition, the actual average yield of flavonoids could reach 0.363%.
Effect of transition metal ions on luminescence of MOFs
Authors: Ruan Bo , Liu Huan-Li , Zhan Xue-Qing , Ding Hui , Xie Lei , Tsai Fang-Chang
Published: November 2018

Three kinds of metal-organic framework materials (MOF-5, MLI-101(Cr), UiO-66) are synthesized, which are based on transition metal (Zn, Cr, Zr) as the center ions, and terephthalic acid (H2BDC) as organic ligand. At the same time, three kinds of MOFs were characterized and analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible absorption spectrometer (UV-Vis), and fluorescence spectrometer (PL). This article analyzes the fluorescence effects of these three MOFs and investigates the role of different transition metal ions in MOF luminescence. The results show that the ionic radii of Zn2 + and Zr4 + are similar, which are 0.074 nm and 0.072 nm, respectively. MOF-5 and UiO-66 have similar fluorescence effects, both of which emit blue-violet light. However, MIL-101 (Cr) fluorescence centers on Cr3 + with an ionic radius of 0.0651 nm emits yellow-green light, which is different from the foregoing MOFs. Therefore, the ionic radius of the transition metal has an important effect on the fluorescence effect of the MOF. For larger ionic radii, the fluorescence of MOF is generally in the blue-violet square region.
Study on aluminum foam as a filler material for impact limiter of spent fuel transport cask
Authors: Li Zhongfang , Yang Siyi , Xu Haile , An Yukun
Published: November 2018

Spent fuel transport cask is a significant carrier of spent fuel transport. The main function of impact limiters installed at both ends of the container is to absorb energy and limit overload to ensure the integrity of the structure. The quasi-static compression process of aluminum foam was simulated on the platform of ANSYS Workbench. Foam aluminum was prepared by melt foaming method and quasi static compression test was carried out. The experimental results show that the deformation process of aluminum foam is basically the same as that of experiment, and the aluminum foam has good compressive and energy absorption properties. The yield stress (σys) and plateau stress (σpl) of aluminum foam with density of 0.64 g/cm3 can reach 8.26 MPa and 11.11 MPa respectively, and the energy absorption capacity (WEA) and unit energy absorption capacity (WSEA) can reach 6.31 x 103KJ/m3 and 9.87 KJ/Kg respectively, and the difference between the foam with density of 0.61g/cm3 and its various properties is very small. It can be concluded that the aluminum foam in a certain density range has roughly the same performance, and it also reflected the stability of aluminum foam's performance. Additionally, aluminum foam is an isotropic material, which can overcome directional limitation when used as shock absorber filler material for spent fuel transport cask.
Preliminary study of vibration characteristics of intelligent beam with the influence of SMA's restoring force
Authors: Shen Chuanliang , Su Wei , Sun Guochao , Zhou Binyu , Sun Tairong , Liu Yi
Published: November 2018

In order to solve the problem of noise and comfort caused by vibration during automobile driving, this paper proposes to use shape memory alloy wire as driving element and simplified beam structure to form intelligent beam composite structure, and use the restoring force generated by shape memory alloy wire to realize vibration control of the structure. several macroscopic phenomenological constitutive models of NiTi alloy were summarized and analyzed. On the basis of the Liang-Rogers one-dimensional constitutive model, Simulating the response force changing process of the SMA wire by useing MATLAB. According to the oretical analysis, we can obtain the system stiffness matrix and mass matrix, establish the dynamic model of smart beam composite structure, and analyze the interaction between shape memory composite wire prestress and natural frequency. The numerical simulation method is used to establish the simulation model and study the influence of the size and position parameters of the intelligent beam structure and the restoring force on its vibration characteristics. The results show that the natural frequency of the beam decreases and the natural frequency of the SMA wire increases with the increasing restoring force of SMA wire. As the distance from the SMA wire to the neutral axis increases, the natural frequency of the system increases, revealing the mechanism of vibration control of the shape memory alloy smart beam composite structure.
Proportion Design Method and Water Stability of Cement-Emulsified Asphalt Cold Recycling Mixtures
Authors: Li Junxiao , Fu Wei , Yin Xiaobo
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, a large amount of work has been done in the field of emulsified asphalt cold regeneration. Three different proportions of emulsified asphalt cold recycling mixtures were designed by mixing different ratios of new aggregates and RAP, the effect of cement content and RAP content on the mixtures's water stability was studied. The results show that the addition of cement can improve the mixtures's water stability, but there is an optimum content; the mixtures's water stability reduces with the increase of RAP content.