bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Clinical Impact of High Platelet Reactivity After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Yu Jennifer , Mehran Roxana , Baber Usman , Ooi Sze-Yuan , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Weisz Giora , Rinaldi Michael J. , Neumann Franz-Josef , Metzger D. Christopher , Henry Timothy D. , Cox David A. , Duffy Peter L. , Mazzaferri Ernest L. , Brodie Bruce R. , Stuckey Thomas D. , Maehara Akiko , Xu Ke , Ben-Yehuda Ori , Kirtane Ajay J. , Stone Gregg W.
Published: February 2017

Background—

Sex differences in the outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents and in the response to clopidogrel therapy have been reported; however, the differential risk of high platelet reactivity (HPR) on clopidogrel in women versus men is unknown.

Methods and Results—

We compared 8448 patients enrolled in the ADAPT-DES study (Assessment of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Drug-Eluting Stents) according to sex and the presence/absence of HPR on clopidogrel (defined as P2Y12 reactivity units >208). Study end points were definite and probable stent thrombosis (ST), clinically relevant bleeding, all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and major adverse cardiac events (comprising mortality, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization). HPR was more common among women (1118/2163, 51.7%) than men (2491/6285, 39.6%). HPR was associated with a roughly double risk of 1-year ST in both women and men (women with versus without HPR: 1.4% versus 0.7%; hazard ratio [HR], 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82–4.95;
P
=0.12; and men: 1.2% versus 0.5%; HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.36–4.30;
P
=0.002;
P
interaction
=0.73). HPR was associated with almost half the rate of clinically relevant bleeding in women (women: HPR versus no HPR, 5.3% versus 9.8%; HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40–0.74;
P
<0.001), whereas men had similar rates of bleeding regardless of HPR status (men: HPR versus no HPR, 5.7% versus 5.9%; HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.78–1.18;
P
=0.70;
P
interaction
=0.003). In propensity-adjusted models, HPR was an independent predictor of ST and myocardial infarction in men; although both associations were nonsignificant among women, no interaction was observed in the associations between HPR and either ST or myocardial infarction. Conversely, HPR was an independent predictor of reduced bleeding only in women (women: adjusted HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41–0.82;
P
=0.002; and men: adjusted HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.65–1.04;
P
=0.11;
P
interaction
=0.01).

Conclusions—

In the current analysis, the associated risk of HPR for ST was similar in both sexes. However, HPR was associated with significantly reduced bleeding only among women.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00638794.
Aspirin Desensitization in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Rossini Roberta , Iorio Annamaria , Pozzi Roberto , Bianco Matteo , Musumeci Giuseppe , Leonardi Sergio , Lettieri Corrado , Bossi Irene , Colombo Paola , Rigattieri Stefano , Dossena Cinzia , Anzuini Angelo , Capodanno Davide , Senni Michele , Angiolillo Dominick J.
Published: February 2017

Background—

There are limited data on aspirin (ASA) desensitization for patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a standard rapid desensitization protocol in patients with ASA sensitivity undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods and Results—

This is a prospective, multicenter, observational study including 7 Italian centers including patients with a history of ASA sensitivity undergoing coronary angiography with intent to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. A total of 330 patients with history of ASA sensitivity with known/suspected stable coronary artery disease or presenting with an acute coronary syndrome, including ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction were enrolled. Adverse effects to aspirin included urticaria (n=177, 53.6%), angioedema (n=69, 20.9%), asthma (n=65, 19.7%), and anaphylactic reaction (n=19, 5.8%). Among patients with urticaria/angioedema, 13 patients (3.9%) had a history of idiopathic chronic urticaria. All patients underwent a rapid ASA (5.5 hours) desensitization procedure. The desensitization procedure was performed before cardiac catheterization in all patients, except for those (n=78, 23.6%) presenting with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction who underwent the desensitization after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 235 patients (71%) of the overall study population. The desensitization procedure was successful in 315 patients (95.4%) and in all patients with a history of anaphylactic reaction. Among the 15 patients (4.6%) who did not successfully respond to the desensitization protocol, adverse reactions were minor and responded to treatment with corticosteroids and antihistamines. Among patients with successful in-hospital ASA desensitization, 253 patients (80.3%) continued ASA for at least 12 months. Discontinuation of ASA in the 62 patients (19.7%) who had responded to the desensitization protocol was because of medical decision and not because of hypersensitivity reactions.

Conclusions—

A standard rapid desensitization protocol is safe and effective across a broad spectrum of patients, irrespective of the type of aspirin sensitivity manifestation, with indications to undergo coronary angiography with intent to perform percutaneous coronary intervention.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02848339.
Incidence and Survival After In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Nonelderly Adults
Authors: Mallikethi-Reddy Sagar , Briasoulis Alexandros , Akintoye Emmanuel , Jagadeesh Kavyashri , Brook Robert D. , Rubenfire Melvyn , Afonso Luis , Grines Cindy L.
Published: February 2017

Background—

Survival trends after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ICPR) for cardiac arrest in nonelderly adults is not well known. Influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines on nationwide survival after ICPR is yet to be well elucidated.

Methods and Results—

We examined survival trends and factors associated with survival after ICPR in nonelderly adults aged 18 to 64 years, using Healthcare Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database from 2007 through 2012 in the United States. Furthermore, we studied the impact of 2010 American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines on survival. We identified 235 959 patients who underwent ICPR after cardiac arrest. Overall, 30.4% patients survived to hospital discharge. Survival improved from 27.4% in 2007 to 32.8% in 2012 (
P
trend
<0.001). Shockable arrest rhythms were noted in 23.3% of patients. Incidence of ICPR increased from 1.81 per 1000 hospitalizations in 2007 to 2.37 per 1000 hospitalizations in 2012 (
P
trend
<0.001). There was no statistically significant change in survival trends before and after 2010 cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines. Female sex and shockable rhythms were associated with higher adjusted odds of survival, whereas black race, lack of health insurance, age, and weekend admission were associated with lower adjusted odds of survival.

Conclusions—

Among nonelderly adults, survival after ICPR improved significantly from 2007 through 2012, with an overall survival rate of 30.4%. Incidence of ICPR increased significantly during the study period. There was no statistically significant change in survival before and after 2010 cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines. Female sex and black race were associated with higher and lower odds of survival, respectively.
Testosterone Represses Estrogen Signaling by Upregulating miR-22
Authors: Shao Xuan , Liu Yanlei , Liu Ming , Wang Yongqing , Yan Liying , Wang Hao , Ma Liyang , Li Yu-xia , Zhao Yangyu , Wang Yan-ling
Published: February 2017

Preeclampsia, a multisystem syndrome occurring during mid- to late gestation in humans, is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Patients usually present with high circulating testosterone and reduced estradiol production, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Revealing the mechanism that modulating the imbalance of testosterone and estradiol in preeclampsia is of great value in understanding the cause of the disease. The placenta is the predominant source of steroid hormone production during gestation, and we observed markedly increased 17β-HSD3 (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3) levels and downregulated aromatase expression, the key enzymes responsible for synthesis of testosterone and estradiol, respectively, in preeclamptic placentas compared with controls. Furthermore, we found a significant upregulation of microRNA (miR)-22 in preeclamptic placentas. In a trophoblast cell line, JEG-3 cells, testosterone repressed the expression of aromatase and estrogen receptor α and the production of estradiol while promoting miR-22 expression. miR-22 directly targeted and inhibited estrogen receptor α expression while indirectly decreasing aromatase expression and estradiol production by interfering with estrogen receptor α signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-22 expression significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of testosterone on de novo estradiol synthesis in human trophoblastic cells. The findings reveal a mechanism underlying the balanced production of androgen and estrogen modulated by miR-22 in the human placenta and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia from the aspect of endocrine regulation.
Outcome-Driven Thresholds for Increased Home Blood Pressure Variability
Authors: Juhanoja Eeva P. , Niiranen Teemu J. , Johansson Jouni K. , Puukka Pauli J. , Thijs Lutgarde , Asayama Kei , Langén Ville L. , Hozawa Atsushi , Aparicio Lucas S. , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Tsuji Ichiro , Imai Yutaka , Stergiou George S. , Jula Antti M. , Staessen Jan A.
Published: February 2017

Increased blood pressure (BP) variability predicts cardiovascular disease, but lack of operational thresholds limits its use in clinical practice. Our aim was to define outcome-driven thresholds for increased day-to-day home BP variability. We studied a population-based sample of 6238 individuals (mean age 60.0±12.9, 56.4% women) from Japan, Greece, and Finland. All participants self-measured their home BP on ≥3 days. We defined home BP variability as the coefficient of variation of the first morning BPs on 3 to 7 days. We assessed the association between systolic/diastolic BP variability (as a continuous variable and in deciles of coefficient of variation) and cardiovascular outcomes using Cox regression models adjusted for cohort and classical cardiovascular risk factors, including BP. During a follow-up of 9.3±3.6 years, 304 cardiovascular deaths and 715 cardiovascular events occurred. A 1 SD increase in systolic/diastolic home BP variability was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 1.17/1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.30/1.11–1.34;
P
=0.003/<0.0001) and cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.13/1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.21/1.07–1.23;
P
=0.0007/0.0002). Compared with the average risk in the whole population, risk of cardiovascular deaths (hazard ratio, 1.66/1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.17/1.42–2.37;
P
=0.0002/<0.0001) and events (hazard ratio, 1.46/1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–1.76/1.17–1.71;
P
<0.0001/0.0004) was increased in the highest decile of systolic/diastolic BP variability (coefficient of variation>11.0/12.8). Increased home BP variability predicts cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. Individuals with a systolic/diastolic coefficient of variation of day-to-day home BP >11.0/12.8 may have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. These findings could help physicians identify individuals who are at an increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Arterial Pressure, Heart Rate, and Cerebral Hemodynamics Across the Adult Life Span
Authors: Xing Chang-Yang , Tarumi Takashi , Meijers Rutger L. , Turner Marcel , Repshas Justin , Xiong Li , Ding Kan , Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Yuan Li-Jun , Zhang Rong
Published: February 2017

Age-related alterations in systemic and cerebral hemodynamics are not well understood. The purpose of this study is to characterize age-related alterations in beat-to-beat oscillations in arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cardiac baroreflex sensitivity, and dynamic cerebral autoregulation across the adult life span. We studied 136 healthy adults aged 21 to 80 years (60% women). Beat-to-beat BP, HR, and CBF velocity were measured at rest and during sit-stand maneuvers to mimic effects of postural changes on BP and CBF. Transfer function analysis was used to assess baroreflex sensitivity and dynamic cerebral autoregulation. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was measured to assess central arterial stiffness. Advanced aging was associated with elevated carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, systolic and pulse BP, cerebrovascular resistance, and CBF pulsatility, but reduced mean CBF velocity. Compared with the young and middle-aged, older adults had lower beat-to-beat BP, HR, and CBF variability in the low-frequency ranges at rest, but higher BP and CBF variability during sit-stand maneuvers. Baroreflex sensitivity was reduced, whereas dynamic cerebral autoregulation gain was elevated at rest in older adults. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that systolic BP variability is correlated positively with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity independent of HR variability. In conclusion, advanced aging is associated with elevated pulsatility in BP and CBF; reduced beat-to-beat low-frequency oscillations in BP, HR, and CBF; and impaired baroreflex sensitivity and dynamic cerebral autoregulation at rest. The augmented BP and CBF variability in older adults during sit-stand maneuvers indicate diminished cardiovascular regulatory capability and increased hemodynamic stress on the cerebral circulation with aging.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the Circulating miRNome After Cerebral Ischemia Reveals a Reperfusion-Induced MicroRNA Cluster
Authors: Uhlmann Stefan , Mracsko Eva , Javidi Ehsan , Lamble Sarah , Teixeira Ana , Hotz-Wagenblatt Agnes , Glatting Karl-Heinz , Veltkamp Roland
Published: February 2017

Background and Purpose—

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging biomarkers for stroke because of their high stability in the bloodstream and association with pathophysiologic conditions. However, the circulating whole-genome miRNAs (miRNome) has not been characterized comprehensively in the acute phase of stroke.

Methods—

We profiled the circulating miRNome in mouse models of acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke by next-generation sequencing. Stroke models were compared with sham-operated and naive mice to identify deregulated circulating miRNAs. Top-ranked miRNAs were validated and further characterized by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results—

We discovered 24 circulating miRNAs with an altered abundance in the circulation 3 hours after ischemia, whereas the circulating miRNome was not altered after intracerebral hemorrhage compared with sham-operated mice. Among the upregulated miRNAs in ischemia, the top-listed miR-1264/1298/448 cluster was strongly dependent on reperfusion in different ischemia models. A time course experiment revealed that the miR-1264/1298/448 cluster peaked in the circulation around 3 hours after reperfusion and gradually decreased thereafter.

Conclusions—

Alteration of the miRNome in the circulation is associated with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, but not hemorrhage, suggesting a potential to serve as biomarkers for reperfusion in the acute phase. The pathophysiological role of reperfusion-inducible miR-1264/1298/448 cluster, which is located on chromosome X within the introns of the serotonin receptor HTR2C, requires further investigation.
《翻譯老乞大·朴通事》與明代官話入聲調的分化
Authors: Dong Jianjiao
Published: February 2017

提要

《翻譯老乞大•朴通事》右音入聲調存在按主元音高低分化的現象。本文結合粵語、閩南語、晉語和江淮官話等方言中元音差異影響入聲調和入聲尾演變的情況，證明《翻譯老乞大•朴通事》右音入聲調分化模式可能是有實際語音依據的，崔世珍記錄的十六世紀漢語官話入聲調消變的過程中出現過按主元音分化的現象，和現代江淮官話六安、舒城方言最為接近。這種相似性可能說明十六世紀官話和江淮官話之間存在某種淵源關係，但更可能只是相同音理導致的類型上的一致。
SUBIR BANDYOPADHYAY & PARTHA PRATIM GHOSHAL (2014). Two new combinations in Lysiphyllum (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae). Phytotaxa 178(4): 298–300.
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY SUBIR , GHOSHAL PARTHA PRATIM
Published: February 2017

N/A
Novelties and notes in Lindsaea (Lindsaeaceae) from Mexico and Central America
Authors: ROJAS-ALVARADO ALEXANDER FRANCISCO , TEJERO-DÍEZ JOSÉ DANIEL
Published: February 2017

Three new species of Lindsaea are described and illustrated from Mesoamerica: L. angustipinna, L. fuscopetiolata and L. mesoamericana. Additionally, the status of L. quadrangularis subsp. subalata is modified to L. subalata and Lindsaea horizontalis and L. moritziana Klotzsch are reinstated as valid species. New records of L. cubensis, L. divaricata L. horizontalis and L. leprieurii are reported from several countries in the area. A key to the species of Lindsaea in Mexico and Central America is provided.
The Effect of Vertical Baroclinicity Concentration on Atmospheric Macroturbulence Scaling Relations
Authors: Yuval Janni , Kaspi Yohai
Published: February 2017

Motivated by the expectation that under global warming upper-level meridional temperature gradients will increase while lower-level temperature gradients will decrease, the relations between the vertical structure of baroclinicity and eddy fields are investigated. The sensitivity of eddies and the relation between the mean available potential energy and eddy quantities are studied for cases where the vertical structure of the lapse rate and meridional temperature gradient are modified. To investigate this systematically, an idealized general circulation model with a Newtonian cooling scheme that has a very short relaxation time for the mean state and a long relaxation time for eddies is used. This scheme allows for any chosen zonally mean state to be obtained with good precision. The results indicate that for similar change in the lapse rate or meridional temperature gradient, eddies are more sensitive to changes in baroclinicity where it is already large. Furthermore, when the vertical structure of the lapse rate or the meridional temperature gradient is modified, there is no universal linear relation between the mean available potential energy and eddy quantities.
Role of Rain as Perception Aid in Assessing Wind Speeds and Associated Personal Risks
Authors: Agdas Duzgun , Masters Forrest J. , Webster Gregory D.
Published: February 2017

Extreme event perception drives personal risks and, consequently, dictates household decision-making before, during, and after extreme events. Given this, increasing the extreme event perception accuracy of the public is important to improving decision-making in extreme event scenarios; however, limited research has been done on this subject. Results of a laboratory experiment, in which 76 human participants were exposed to hurricane-strength weather conditions and asked to estimate their intensities and associated personal risks, are presented in this article. Participants were exposed to a range of identical wind speeds [20, 40, 60 mph (1 mph = 1.61 km h−1)] with [8 in. h−1 (1 in. = 2.54 cm)] and without rain. They then provided estimates of the perceived wind and rain (when present) speeds, and associated personal risks on a nominal scale of 0 to 10. Improvements in the accuracy of wind speed perception at higher speeds were observed when rain was present in the wind field (41.5 and 69.1 mph) than when it was not (45.2 and 75.8 mph) for 40- and 60-mph wind speed exposures, respectively. In contrast, risk perceptions were similar for both rain and nonrain conditions. This is particularly interesting because participants failed to estimate rain intensities (both horizontal and wind-driven rain) by a significant margin. The possible implications of rain as a perception aid to wind and the viability of using perception aids to better convey extreme weather risks are discussed. The article concludes by revisiting discussions about the implications of past hurricane experience on wind intensity perception, personal risk assessment, and future directions in extreme weather risk perception research.
Strategic Silence: Withholding Certification Status as a Hypocrisy Avoidance Tactic
Authors: Carlos W. Chad , Lewis Ben W.
Published: February 2017

We examine why organizations that obtain prominent certifications may at times elect not to publicize them. Drawing on the impression management literature, we argue and show that concerns about being perceived as hypocritical may cause organizations to strategically withhold their certification status. Using a longitudinal panel of corporations that were members of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, a prominent environmental certification, we show that in the face of reputational threats, organizations are less likely to publicize their certification status when the threat appears to directly contradict the claims implied by the certification. Our findings suggest that the threat of hypocrisy is amplified for firms with stronger reputations in the same domain as the certification and when audience members better understand and value the certification. Our findings delineate new boundary conditions under which firms will make prosocial claims and inspire reconsideration of long-held assumptions about the process of decoupling the implementation and communication of socially valued practices. This study also provides insights for scholars of nonmarket strategy on how corporations strategically communicate with external constituents about their sustainability initiatives.
Quantitative Imaging of Ozone Vapor Using Photofragmentation Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF)
Authors: Larsson Kajsa , Hot Dina , Ehn Andreas , Lantz Andreas , Weng Wubin , Aldén Marcus , Bood Joakim
Published: February 2017

In the present work, the spectral properties of gaseous ozone (O3) have been investigated aiming to perform quantitative concentration imaging of ozone by using a single laser pulse at 248 nm from a KrF excimer laser. The O3 molecule is first photodissociated by the laser pulse into two fragments, O and O2. Then the same laser pulse electronically excites the O2 fragment, which is vibrationally hot, whereupon fluorescence is emitted. The fluorescence intensity is found to be proportional to the concentration of ozone. Both emission and absorption characteristics have been investigated, as well as how the laser fluence affects the fluorescence signal. Quantitative ozone imaging data have been achieved based on calibration measurements in known mixtures of O3. In addition, a simultaneous study of the emission intensity captured by an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera and a spectrograph has been performed. The results show that any signal contribution not stemming from ozone is negligible compared to the strong fluorescence induced by the O2 fragment, thus proving interference-free ozone imaging. The single-shot detection limit has been estimated to ∼400 ppm. The authors believe that the presented technique offers a valuable tool applicable in various research fields, such as plasma sterilization, water and soil remediation, and plasma-assisted combustion.
On the Immersion Liquid Evaporation Method Based on the Dynamic Sweep of Magnitude of the Refractive Index of a Binary Liquid Mixture: A Case Study on Determining Mineral Particle Light Dispersion
Authors: Niskanen Ilpo , Räty Jukka , Peiponen Kai-Erik
Published: February 2017

This is a feasibility study of a modified immersion liquid technique for determining the refractive index of micro-sized particles. The practical challenge of the traditional liquid immersion method is to find or produce a suitable host liquid whose refractive index equals that of a solid particle. Usually, the immersion liquid method uses a set of immersion liquids with different refractive indices or continuously mixes two liquids with different refractive indices, e.g., using a pumping system. Here, the phenomenon of liquid evaporation has been utilized in defining the time-dependent refractive index variation of the host liquid. From the spectral transmittance data measured during the evaporation process, the refractive index of a solid particle in the host liquid can be determined as a function of the wavelength. The method was tested using calcium fluoride (CaF2) particles with an immersion liquid mixed from diethyl ether and diffusion pump fluid. The dispersion data obtained were consistent with the literature values thus indicating the proper functioning of the proposed procedure.
Efficacy of a universal smoking cessation intervention initiated in inpatient psychiatry and continued post-discharge: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Metse Alexandra P , Wiggers John , Wye Paula , Wolfenden Luke , Freund Megan , Clancy Richard , Stockings Emily , Terry Margarett , Allan John , Colyvas Kim , Prochaska Judith J , Bowman Jenny A
Published: February 2017

Objective:

Interventions are required to redress the disproportionate tobacco-related health burden experienced by persons with a mental illness. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a universal smoking cessation intervention initiated within an acute psychiatric inpatient setting and continued post-discharge in reducing smoking prevalence and increasing quitting behaviours.

Method:

A randomised controlled trial was undertaken across four psychiatric inpatient facilities in Australia. Participants ( N = 754) were randomised to receive either usual care ( n = 375) or an intervention comprising a brief motivational interview and self-help material while in hospital, followed by a 4-month pharmacological and psychosocial intervention ( n = 379) upon discharge. Primary outcomes assessed at 6 and 12 months post-discharge were 7-day point prevalence and 1-month prolonged smoking abstinence. A number of secondary smoking-related outcomes were also assessed. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on psychiatric diagnosis, baseline readiness to quit and nicotine dependence.

Results:

Seven-day point prevalence abstinence was higher for intervention participants (15.8%) than controls (9.3%) at 6 months post-discharge (odds ratio = 1.07, p = 0.04), but not at 12 months (13.4% and 10.0%, respectively; odds ratio = 1.03, p = 0.25). Significant intervention effects were not found on measures of prolonged abstinence at either 6 or 12 months post-discharge. Differential intervention effects for the primary outcomes were not detected for any subgroups. At both 6 and 12 months post-discharge, intervention group participants were significantly more likely to smoke fewer cigarettes per day, have reduced cigarette consumption by ⩾50% and to have made at least one quit attempt, relative to controls.

Conclusions:

Universal smoking cessation treatment initiated in inpatient psychiatry and continued post-discharge was efficacious in increasing 7-day point prevalence smoking cessation rates and related quitting behaviours at 6 months post-discharge, with sustained effects on quitting behaviour at 12 months. Further research is required to identify strategies for achieving longer term smoking cessation.
Sexuality education delivery in Australian regional secondary schools: A qualitative case study
Authors: Hulme Chambers Alana , Tomnay Jane , Clune Samantha , Roberts Sarah
Published: February 2017

Background:

Factors affecting the delivery of sexuality education to school students include government policy, school leadership and teacher confidence.

Objective:

The aim of this paper was to understand, from the perspective of regional education, health and welfare sector professionals, what is needed to support good sexual health for secondary school students.

Methods:

A qualitative study that took place in ‘Fairview’, a regional location in Victoria, Australia. Five focus groups, totalling 37 participants, were conducted in 2015. An inductive analysis was used to identify key themes.

Findings:

The main theme was the inconsistent presence and delivery of sexuality education curriculum in Fairview schools. This was attributed to factors such as perceived lack of commitment at government level to sexuality education, lack of importance in comparison with other subjects and variation in inclusion across year levels. Teachers and the delivery of sexuality education and the role of school leadership in supporting sexuality education were the two sub-themes present within the broader narrative. Teacher capacity to deliver sexuality education was ascribed to lack of training. Perceptions concerning the use of external providers to deliver sexuality education differed, as did opinions about the role of school leadership in supporting sexuality education.

Conclusion:

Sexuality education in schools could be improved through clearer government policy direction. This would signal the importance of sexuality education to school leaders and, if supported via resources such as training for teachers, could assist in achieving the aim of improving students’ sexual health and well-being.
Experimental and numerical investigation of process-induced deformations of glass/epoxy wind turbine blade spar cap
Authors: Ganapathi AS , Joshi Sunil C , Chen Zhong
Published: February 2017

A scaled, 7.5-mm thick, unidirectional glass/epoxy wind turbine spar cap cured in a vacuum-assisted oven was found to have attained non-uniform thickness along its length. Edge deformations were severe, leading to noticeable edge curvature even at the vacuum pressure. These unforeseen discrepancies could only be predicted and/or dealt beforehand through a process simulation that integrates the complete processing physics. A fully coupled numerical simulation of composites manufacturing was established and implemented for a portion of a spar cap in multiphysics finite element software. Phenomena such as resin flow-induced compaction and cure-induced deformation were captured. The simulation results indicated that even though the distorted edge of the laminate is trimmed off, there will still be some curvature left within the part. It was noted that simulating percolation flow of resin alone leads to less accurate deformation predictions. Therefore, a method to include shear flow-induced deformation of the resin-saturated fiber beds were proposed and implemented. Such a fully coupled and integrated procedure is useful for optimizing process parameters to achieve intended final part with accurate dimensions and minimal manufacturing-induced defects or deformities.
Restorative Thresholds for Carious Lesions: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Innes N.P.T. , Schwendicke F.
Published: February 2017

Current evidence supports noninvasive/nonrestorative treatment of “early” carious lesions: those confined to enamel or reaching the enamel-dentin junction. The extent that dentists’ thresholds for intervening restoratively have changed with this evidence is unknown. This systematic review aimed to determine dentists’ and therapists’ current lesion threshold for carrying our restorative interventions in adults/children and primary/permanent teeth. Embase, Medline via PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for observational studies, without language, time, or quality restrictions. Screening and data extraction were independent and in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analyses with subgroup and meta-regression analysis were performed. Thirty studies, mainly involving dentists, met the inclusion criteria. There was heterogeneity in sampling frames, methods, and scales used to investigate thresholds. The studies spanned 30 y (1983–2014), and sample representativeness and response bias issues were likely to have affected the results. Studies measured what dentists said they would do rather than actually did. Studies represented 17 countries, focusing mainly on adults ( n = 17) and permanent teeth ( n = 24). For proximal carious lesions confined to enamel (not reaching the enamel-dentin junction), 21% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15%–28%) of dentists/therapists would intervene invasively. The likelihood of a restorative intervention almost doubled (risk ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.68–2.33) in high caries risk patients. For proximal lesions extending up to the enamel-dentin junction, 48% (95% CI, 40%–56%) of dentists/therapists would intervene restoratively. For occlusal lesions with enamel discoloration/cavitation but no clinical/radiographic dentin involvement, 12% (95% CI, 6%–22%) of dentists/therapists stated they would intervene, increasing to 74% (95% CI, 56%–86%) with dentin involvement. There was variance between countries but no significant temporal trend. A significant proportion of dentists/therapists said they would intervene invasively (restoratively) on carious lesions where evidence and clinical recommendations indicate less invasive therapies should be used. There is great need to understand decisions to intervene restoratively and to find implementation interventions that translate research evidence into clinical practice.
Predictors of HIV Risk Behavior in Iranian Women Who Inject Drugs
Authors: Habibi Mojtaba , Farmanfarmaee Solmaz , Darharaj Mohammad , Khoshnood Kaveh , Matacotta Joshua J. , O’Bryan Jane
Published: February 2017

This study aimed to investigate predictors of drug-related HIV risk behaviors among women who inject drugs. A total of 163 women were recruited from harm-reduction-oriented drug-treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. Each completed a set of measures that included the Risk Behavior Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition, Revised Self-Efficacy Scale, and Peer Group Beliefs Regarding HIV-related Risk Behaviors Scale. The results indicated that past attempts to abstain from drugs, using methadone maintenance treatment programs, and acceptance of peers’ risky norms were significant predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing predictors of frequency of injection, respectively. Furthermore, predictors of frequency of sharing injection paraphernalia included purchasing drugs jointly with other drug users and peers’ norms conforming injecting drug use behaviors. Harm reduction services that take into consideration cultural and peer norms, as well as the development and implementation of HIV prevention programs, are likely to reduce drug-related HIV risk behaviors in women who inject drugs.
What’s in a Word: Observing the Contribution of Underlying and Surface Representations
Authors: Chien Yu-Fu , Sereno Joan A. , Zhang Jie
Published: February 2017

Abstract underlying representations play a crucial role in capturing predictable relations among different phonetic categories in phonological theory. Tone sandhi is a tonal alternation phenomenon in which a tone changes to a different tone in certain phonological environments. This study investigates whether Taiwanese listeners are more sensitive to the surface form of the tones or the underlying tonal representations of tone sandhi words. An auditory lexical decision experiment was conducted to examine priming effects between monosyllabic primes and disyllabic target words (tone sandhi T51 → T55 and sandhi T24 → T33). Each target was preceded by either a surface-tone prime (e.g., ping55-ping55tsun24; pue33-pue33jong51), an underlying-tone prime (e.g., ping51-ping55tsun24; pue24-pue33jong51), or an unrelated control (e.g., ping21-ping55tsun24; pue21-pue33jong51). Results showed significant differences in the natue of the priming effects across the two sandhi types, with productivity of the tone sandhi rule influencing how listeners’ process and represent tone sandhi words.
Destination Competitiveness: Public and Private Sector Tourism Management in Serbia
Authors: Armenski Tanja , Dwyer Larry , Pavluković Vanja
Published: February 2017

This study explores the underlying dimensions of destination competitiveness, analyzing the contributions of government and industry stakeholders in enhancing the competitive position of Serbia on the international tourism market. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to explore latent dimensionality of “destination competitiveness” among 48 competitiveness attributes evaluated by experts from the public and private sectors of Serbia’s tourism industry. Results show that Serbian competitiveness structure comprises five dimensions: risk management and adaptive environmental strategies, innovation and product development, planning for sustainable development, networking and community concern, and education for sustainability. The research identifies challenges and suggests areas where private and public linkages should be strengthened in order to enhance the competitiveness of Serbia’s tourism industry. Generically, the study advances our understanding of destination competitiveness, its multidimensional nature, and the implications for policy making.
The Allure of Climate and Water Independence: Desalination Projects in Perth and San Diego
Authors: Morgan Ruth
Published: February 2017

In the past decade, Perth and San Diego have both added desalination technology to their suite of water resources. In both contexts, the “independence” that desalination purportedly offers is a shorthand for diversification and drought-proofing in places where future water supplies appear uncertain. Yet the rhetoric of independence may be little more than an illusion, at best, simplifying, or at worst, misrepresenting, the complexity of water management in the face of climate change, climate variability, and population growth. Focusing on desalination, this article examines the different paths that Perth and San Diego have taken toward “independent” water supplies. It explores the cultural and political resonance of independence in these Western contexts, and argues that the invocation of independence is more a rhetorical strategy for political gain than a realistic approach to urban water management.
Being Your Actual or Ideal Self? What It Means to Feel Authentic in a Relationship
Authors: Gan Muping , Chen Serena
Published: February 2017

Relational authenticity—which refers to subjective feelings of authenticity in a specific relationship—confers well-being; yet little is known about what gives rise to it. The present research tested competing hypotheses about the basis of relational authenticity, whether it arises from being one’s actual self in a relationship (actual–relational selves overlap), ideal self (relational–ideal selves overlap), or both. A pilot study examined lay beliefs about the basis of relational authenticity. Study 1 then showed that relational–ideal, but not actual–relational, overlap predicts relational authenticity. The remaining studies experimentally manipulated relational–ideal overlap, and showed that low overlap reduced relational authenticity compared with a control condition (Study 2), with varying actual–relational overlap (Study 3), and with varying actual–ideal overlap (Study 4). Several alternative accounts (e.g., negative general relationship perceptions) were addressed. We conclude that relational authenticity emanates largely from being one’s ideal self in the relevant relationship, and discuss implications and future directions.
On the Optimality of the Detection of Examinees With Aberrant Answer Changes
Authors: Belov Dmitry I.
Published: February 2017

In standardized multiple-choice testing, examinees may change their answers for various reasons. The statistical analysis of answer changes (ACs) has uncovered multiple testing irregularities on large-scale assessments and is now routinely performed at many testing organizations. This article exploits a recent approach where the information about all previous answers is used only to partition administered items into two disjoint subtests: items where an AC occurred and items where an AC did not occur. Two optimal statistics are described, each measuring a difference in performance between these subtests, where the performance is estimated from the final responses. Answer-changing behavior was simulated, where realistic distributions of wrong-to-right, wrong-to-wrong, and right-to-wrong ACs were achieved under various conditions controlled by the following independent variables: type of test, amount of aberrancy, and amount of uncertainty. Results of computer simulations confirmed the theoretical constructs on the optimal power of both statistics and provided several recommendations for practitioners.
Developing a hybrid collaborative filtering recommendation system with opinion mining on purchase review
Authors: Yun Youdong , Hooshyar Danial , Jo Jaechoon , Lim Heuiseok
Published: February 2017

The most commonly used algorithm in recommendation systems is collaborative filtering. However, despite its wide use, the prediction accuracy of this algorithm is unexceptional. Furthermore, whether quantitative data such as product rating or purchase history reflect users’ actual taste is questionable. In this article, we propose a method to utilise user review data extracted with opinion mining for product recommendation systems. To evaluate the proposed method, we perform product recommendation test on Amazon product data, with and without the additional opinion mining result on Amazon purchase review data. The performances of these two variants are compared by means of precision, recall, true positive recommendation (TPR) and false positive recommendation (FPR). In this comparison, a large improvement in prediction accuracy was observed when the opinion mining data were taken into account. Based on these results, we answer two main questions: ‘Why is collaborative filtering algorithm not effective?’ and ‘Do quantitative data such as product rating or purchase history reflect users’ actual tastes?’
Prevention of Tracheostomy‐Related Hospital‐Acquired Pressure Ulcers
Authors: O’Toole Thomas R. , Jacobs Natalie , Hondorp Brian , Crawford Laura , Boudreau Lisa R. , Jeffe Jill , Stein Brian , LoSavio Phillip
Published: February 2017

Objective

To determine if standardization of perioperative tracheostomy care procedures decreased the incidence of hospital‐acquired tracheostomy‐related pressure ulcers.

Methods

All patients at least 18 years old who underwent placement of a tracheostomy tube in the operating room from July 1, 2014, through June 30, 2015, were cared for postoperatively through an institutionally adopted quality improvement protocol. This included 4 elements: (1) placement of a hydrocolloid dressing underneath the tracheostomy flange in the postoperative period, (2) removal of plate sutures within 7 days of the tracheostomy procedure, (3) placement of a polyurethane foam dressing after suture removal, and (4) neutral positioning of the head. One year after the bundle was initiated, a retrospective analysis was performed to compare the percentage of tracheostomy patients who developed pressure ulcers versus the preintervention period.

Results

The incidence of tracheostomy‐related pressure ulcers decreased from 20 of 183 tracheostomies (10.93%) prior to use of the standardized protocol to 2 of 155 tracheostomies (1.29%). Chi‐square analysis showed a significant difference between the groups, with a P value of. 0003.

Discussion

Adoption of this care bundle at our institution resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of hospital‐acquired tracheostomy‐related pressure ulcers. The impact of any single intervention within our protocol was not assessed and could be an area of further investigation.

Implications for Practice

Adoption of a standardized posttracheostomy care bundle at the institution level may result in the improved care of patients with tracheostomies and specifically may reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers.
Coverage of Tendon Exposure after Radial Forearm Free Flap by the Dorsoulnar Artery Perforator Flap
Authors: Foissac Rémi , Benatar Marc , Dassonville Olivier , Bozec Alexandre , Poissonnet Gilles , Camuzard Olivier
Published: February 2017

Objective

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of an alternative technique using a perforator flap to manage secondary tendon exposure after a radial forearm free flap in head and neck oncologic surgery.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Nice University Hospital, Pasteur 2 Hospital, France.

Subjects and Methods

Despite its numerous advantages, the radial forearm free flap is associated with significant donor site morbidity and the risk of secondary tendon exposure. Conventional skin grafts for secondary tendon exposure can lead to diminished wrist range of motion and grip strength, with residual pain and cold intolerance. Between 2012 and 2015, we prospectively studied 20 patients with secondary tendon exposure after a forearm radial free flap for head and neck reconstruction. Two techniques of secondary coverage were compared: a reference technique with a secondary full skin graft (10 patients) and a dorsoulnar artery perforator (DUAP) flap (10 patients).

Results

Maximum wrist extension (100%) was observed for the DUAP group compared with only 87% for the skin graft (SG) group (P =. 001). An improvement in grip strength (+14 kg) (P =. 028) and a decrease in pain or cold intolerance (P =. 002) were also observed in the DUAP group, in addition to a better aesthetic appearance.

Conclusion

The perforator flap procedure is an interesting tool in reconstructive surgery. The DUAP flap is a reliable, useful flap for secondary tendon exposure coverage after a radial forearm free flap.

Level of Evidence

III (case‐control analytic studies of 1 center).
Wrong‐Site Surgery in California, 2007‐2014
Authors: Moshtaghi Omid , Haidar Yarah M. , Sahyouni Ronald , Moshtaghi Afsheen , Ghavami Yaser , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R.
Published: February 2017

Objective

The implementation of a universal surgical safety protocol in 2004 was intended to minimize the prevalence of wrong‐site surgery (WSS). However, complete elimination of WSS in the operating room continues to be a challenge. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of WSS in the state of California.

Study Design

A retrospective study of all WSS reports investigated by the California Department of Public Health between 2007 and 2014.

Methods

Prevalence of overall and specialty‐specific WSS, causative factors, and recommendations on further improvement are discussed.

Results

A total of 95 cases resulted in incident reports to the California Department of Public Health and were included in our study. The most common errors were operating on the wrong side of the patient’s body (n = 60, 62%), performing the wrong procedure (n = 21, 21%), operating on the wrong body part (n = 12, 12%), and operating on the wrong patient (n = 2, 2%). WSS was most prevalent in orthopedic surgery (n = 33, 35%), followed by general surgery (n = 26, 27%) and neurosurgery (n = 16, 17%). All 3 otolaryngology WSS cases in California are associated with the ear.

Conclusion

WSS continues to surface despite national efforts to decrease its prevalence. Future research could establish best practices to avoid these “never events” in otolaryngology and other surgical specialties.
Novel hydrophilic and hydrophobic amorphous silica: Characterization and adsorption of aqueous phase organic compounds
Authors: Tasca Andrea Luca , Ghajeri Farnaz , Fletcher Ashleigh J
Published: February 2017

Very few studies have investigated the adsorption performance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic silicas with dissolved organics in water, which is a required final step during produced water treatment. The cost of functionalization also hinders the use of hydrophobic materials as sorbents. Novel hydrophilic silicas, prepared at low temperature and ambient pressure, were characterised by SEM, FTIR and BET analysis, and studied for the adsorption of aqueous phase organic compounds at concentrations below their solubility limits. Adsorption capacities were found to be up to 264 mg/g for benzene and 78.8 mg/g for toluene. Direct comparison is made with the analogous hydrophobic version of one of the silica materials, demonstrating comparable uptakes for benzene concentrations lower than 50 mg/L. This finding supports the hypothesis that, at very low aqueous phase organic concentrations, hydrophobicization has no discernible effect on access of the pollutants to the internal porosity of the material.