bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ISSUE OF INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Akinrinde Adeniyi Felix , Omotesho Kemi Funmilayo , Ogulande Israel
Published: October 2018

The rising incidences of poverty among rural farming families are the reason behind renewed interest in income diversification. This study determined the level of income diversification; identified alternative income sources; examined the reasons for diversification; and identified the constraints to diversification. A three-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 160 households on which a structured interview schedule was administered. Descriptive statistics, a Likert-type scale, and the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation were used for data analyses. Findings reveal that 1.3% of the households had no additional sources of income while 40.6% had at least four. Trading (55%) and livestock keeping (40.7%) were the most popular alternative income sources. The declining farm income (mean = 2.96) was the primary reason for diversification, while poor rural infrastructure (mean = 3.04) was the most severe constraint to income diversification. Farm size, access to extension services, household size, age and educational level of the household head were significantly related to the level of income diversification at p < 0.05. The study concluded that the level of income diversification was high and influenced by socioeconomic characteristics of the households. It recommends that the government should provide adequate infrastructural facilities in rural areas. Farmer associations should also ensure better prices for agricultural produce through joint marketing.
CREATING AND ALLOCATING THE SUPPLY OF AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: Mrówczyńska-Kamińska Aldona , Baer-Nawrocka Agnieszka
Published: October 2018

The main purpose of this paper is to assess the importance of agriculture and food industry in creating and allocating the supply of agri-food products in European Union countries. The years covered by the analysis were 1995 and 2010. As demonstrated, there are differences in the contribution of imports to the supply of agricultural products among EU countries. Low shares of imports are particularly characteristic of the new member states, which is indicative of weaker connections with the European and global agribusinesses in comparison with EU-15 countries. On the other hand, the proportion between volumes of agri-food products allocated to intermediate and final demand confirm that the agricultural sector is primarily a supplier of raw materials in most EU countries. In turn, the main role of the food industry is to satisfy the final demand and provide the population with food products.
Bidirectional Violence among Male and Female University Students: Comparison of Observations and Results between Two Countries
Authors: Fernández de Juan Teresa , Florez Madan Lourdes
Published: October 2018

This paper presents the results of a research project that included the application of a survey in 597 university students in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, and Tijuana, México, whose central aim was to examine the degree of violence in intimate couples, including that of men towards women and women against men, in different countries. It also explores the level of knowledge and analyzes the degree of awareness that the samples have about existing abuse. The results show similarity in the exercise of violence by both sexes; aspects of hegemonic masculinity that still permeates both, and the need for studies that have a real impact on education against this problem. This, irrespectively of age and socio-economic stratum to which both sexes belong.
Production of Gender: A Study on Performativity in Female-To-Male Transsexuals
Authors: Priya Tanu , Panniko Dhishna
Published: October 2018

Gender identity is critical to every individual; it is self-defined and yet affected by culture and society at large. Gender identities are formed through public and private spaces. Of the two traditions of thinking (essentialist and constructionist) about sex and gender, constructionist formulations are based on performance theory. It believes that sex and gender are viewed as not residing in the individual but are found in “those interactions that are socially constructed as gendered as opposed to essentialist tradition. Within performative theory, gender is a process rather than something naturally possessed. This study explores the process of formation of gender or social role in female-to-male (FTM) transsexual.  It will do so by exploring the factors that add to the formation of a gender role as seen through sartorial style, mannerisms, body language, and other aspects that influence one’s presentation of self. It includes the process of construction of FTM transsexual’s corporeality through performative attributes in order to approximate masculinity and come in accord with the social role of a man. The themes that are discussed in the analysis emerged after a careful reading of FTM autobiographical narratives. The instances are extracted from FTM autobiographical narratives; Becoming a Visible Man, The Testosterone Files, Both Sides now and the publication of these narratives range from 2005-2006.
ILLUSTRATING THE IDEAL: CRYSTAL MODELS AND ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: INSLEY JANE
Published: October 2018

In the stores of museums and university departments of mineralogy and crystallography, there are collections of sets of models of crystal shapes. Representing the external form of natural specimens, their use was for identification and demonstration purposes, by scientists, teachers and students from the late eighteenth century onwards. Whilst studying crystal model collections at the National Museums Scotland in Edinburgh, I came across the illustration work of Miss Delvalle Lowry. Her name, along with that of her father Wilson, appeared on plates illustrating an 1820 textbook by Nathaniel Larkin, a London teacher of solid geometry. Miss Lowry married the painter John Varley in 1825 and wrote a number of mineralogical texts that were reprinted through the first half of the nineteenth century. Delvalle Lowry was able to enjoy this career not least as a result of her ability to draw. The role of the Society of Arts in encouraging both drawing and the study of crystallography may well have been a feature of her success.
EDWARD HITCHCOCK, RODERICK MURCHISON, AND REJECTION OF THE ALPINE GLACIAL THEORY (1840–1845)
Authors: MARCHÉ JORDAN D.
Published: October 2018

Massachusetts geologist Edward Hitchcock was among the first of his American colleagues to investigate the glacial theory of Swiss geologist Louis Agassiz. After studying a copy of Agassiz's Études sur les Glaciers 1840, Hitchcock displayed an initial enthusiasm regarding its explanatory powers in the published version of his presidential address before the newly-founded Association of American Geologists, and in his concurrently-published Final Report on the Geology of Massachusetts 1841. But that same year, Hitchcock also undertook a 400-mile journey to the White Mountains of New Hampshire, to test the possible validity of a hypothetico-deductive argument that he had formulated, about whether Alpinestyle glaciers had once descended from their summits. From the lack of supporting field evidence, Hitchcock abruptly retreated into a non-committal stance that merely argued for some combination of ice-and-water that he labeled “glacio-aqueous action.”

In the following year, Hitchcock engaged in a brief controversy with British geologist Roderick Murchison, in which the two men accused each other of mis-representing his support for the glacial theory. In reality, both had ended up on exactly the same side of the debate, having independently reached identical conclusions concerning rejection of the Alpine glacial theory. Hitchcock's stance appears to have influenced at least a few of his American colleagues to adopt this line of reasoning. But neither Hitchcock, nor Murchison, was able to extrapolate from the notion of Alpine to continental glaciation, as Agassiz had daringly conjectured, with the result that acceptance of the glacial theory was delayed for the next two decades or more. Ironically, neither man seemed to have realized that they had reached a virtual consensus on this question.
Консорциум предпринимательских структур и высших учебных заведений в рамках развития региональной экономики
Authors: Кадацкая Дарья Вячеславовна , Лаврова Юлия Сергеевна
Published: October 2018

В материалах статьи рассмотрены предпосылки, свидетельствующие об эффективном сотрудничестве вузов и предпринимательских структур, реализуемом в виде консорциума. Автор рассматривает преимущества такого сплава науки, производства и образования и особенности, которые необходимо учитывать для эффективного взаимодействия вузов и субъектов предпринимательства (человеческий фактор, фактор времени, запросы предпринимательских структур, интеллектуальная собственность вуза).
В статье также рассматривается алгоритм взаимодействия между вузами и субъектами предпринимательства, особенности применения метода «тройной спирали», особенно его инновационной составляющей.
Создание консорциума предпринимательских структур и вузов помогают внедрению инноваций в сфере малых и средних предприятий, формирует благоприятный инвестиционный климат и инфраструктуру, что способствует созданию новых производств и развитию экономики региона.
Анализ и прогноз конкурентоспособности новых индустриальных стран
Authors: Смирнов Валерий Владиславович , Осипов Денис Геннадьевич , Бабаева Анна Александровна , Григорьева Елена Вячеславовна , Перфилова Елена Фаритовна
Published: October 2018

Предметом исследования являются конкурентные преимущества новых индустриальных стран – Индии, Индонезии, Китая, Малайзии, Сингапура, Таиланда, Филиппин, Южной Кореи, Аргентины, Бразилии, Мексики, Туниса, Кипр, Турция и Гонконга. В статье проведен анализ и прогноз динамики развития новых индустриальных стран с оценкой технологических темпов прироста (TGR) комплекса взаимообусловленных показателей: высокотехнологичного экспорта, затрат на исследования и разработки, количества заявок на товарные знаки, количества патентных заявок (нерезиденты и резиденты), промышленного проектирования (нерезиденты и резиденты), государственных расходов на образование. В результате анализа TGR новых индустриальных стран выявлены конкурентные преимущества по TGR2006-2016: Тунис (высокотехнологичный экспорт и промышленное проектирование (нерезиденты)), Индия (высокотехнологичный экспорт), Таиланд (затраты на исследования и разработки и количество патентных заявок (нерезиденты), Китай (количество заявок на товарные знаки и патентных заявок (резиденты)), Индонезия (промышленное проектирование (резиденты); Турция (государственные расходы на образование); TGR2006-2020: Сингапур и Индия (высокотехнологичный экспорт), Таиланд (затраты на исследования и разработки и количество патентных заявок (нерезиденты)), Китай (количество заявок на товарные знаки), Кипр (количество патентных заявок (резиденты)), Тунис (промышленное проектирование (нерезиденты)), Индонезия (промышленное проектирование (резиденты), Турция (государственные расходы на образование).
Catheter-related candidemia and identification of causative Candida species in patients with cardiovascular disorder
Authors: Fesharaki Shirinsadat Hashemi , Aghili Seyed Reza , Shokohi Tahereh , Boroumand Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose: Catheter-related blood circulation infection is the most
dangerous and serious side-effects of vascular catheters, which leads to the enhancement of the costs, mortality, and hospital stay duration, especially in the Intensive Care Unit. Regarding this, the aim of the current study was to identify the prevalence of catheter- induced candidemia in the Tehran Heart Center, a heart hospital in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on patients admitted to Tehran Heart Center for a minimum of 7 days during 18 months. To detect the fungal elements, blood culture and catheter culture were performed in the patients receiving central or peripheral venous catheter. Then, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to determine the possible diagnosis.
Results: The investigation of 223 samples led to the identification of a total of 15 (6.7%) yeast isolates obtained from 9 (60%), 4 (26.6 %), and 2 (13.4%) catheter, blood, and skin (of the catheter insertion areas) cultures, respectively. Out of nine Candida isolates obtained from the catheter samples, 1 (11.1%), 1 (11.1%), 2 (22.2%), and 5 (55.6%) cases were identified as C. tropicalis, C. membranifaciens, C. glabrata, and C. albicans, respectively, using the internal transcribed spacer region sequencing. Furthermore, the four yeasts isolated from the blood culture included C. tropicalis, C. carpophila, C. membranifaciens, and Cryptococcus albidus. Additionally, one case of C. glabrata and one case of C. albicans were isolated from the skin culture of the catheter insertion areas in patients with positive catheter culture. We reported two cases of catheter-related candidemia caused by C. membranifaciens and C. tropicalis on the basis of the genetic similarity of the species isolated from the blood and catheter. These cases were treated successfully with intravenous fluconazole and catheter removal.

Conclusion: There is some evidence indicating the growing prevalence of non-albicans Candida infections. Many risk factors, including prior antibiotic therapy, use of a central venous catheter, surgery, and parenteral nutrition, are considered to be associated with candidemia in hospitalized heart failure patients. The identification of the route of infection in candidemia is difficult. In the current study, the positive blood and catheter cultures for Candida isolates and the similarity of the ITS region of ribosomal DNA sequence of Candida isolated from two patients confirmed the diagnosis of intravenous catheter-related candidemia.
Keywords: Candidiasis, Catheter-related candidemia, Nosocomial infection
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Candida species isolated from candideamia in Iran
Authors: Sadrossadati Seyedeh Zahra , Ghahri Mohammad , Fooladi Abbas Ali Imani , Sayyahfar Shirin , Beyraghi Sedigheh , Baseri Zohre
Published: October 2018

Background and Purpose: Candidemia is one of the most important fungal
infections caused by Candida species. Infections and mortality caused by Candida species have been on a growing trend during the past two decades. The resistance of yeasts to antifungal drugs and their epidemiological issues have highlighted the importance of accurately distinguishing the yeasts at the species level. The technique applied for yeast identification should be fast enough to facilitate the imminent initiation of the appropriate therapy. Candidemia has not been studied comprehensively in Iran yet. Regarding this, the current study aimed to assess the epidemiology of candidemia at Tehran hospitals and compare the results with the previous findings.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 204 positive blood cultures obtained from 125 patients hospitalized in several hospitals located in Tehran, Iran, within a period of 13 months. The yeast isolation and species identification were accomplished using several phenotypic methods (i.e., production of germ tube in human serum, culture on CHROMagar Candida, and Corn meal agar containing Tween 80) and molecular methods, such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In addition, unknown cases were subjected to PCR sequencing. These methods were then compared in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and speed of identification.
Results: According to the results, C. albicans (62.4%) was the most common isolate, followed by C. parapsilosis (n=36, 17.5%), C. glabrata (n=18, 8.8%), C. tropicalis (n=13, 6.3%), Trichosporon asahii (n=3, 1.5%), C. kefyr (n=2, 1.0%), C. lusitaniae (n=2, 1.0%), C. intermedia (n=1, 0.5%), C. guilliermondii (n=1, 0.5%), and C. krusei (n=1, 0.5%), respectively.
Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the most common species causing candidemia were C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata, respectively. Children less than one year old and people with cancer were at higher risk for candidemia, compared to other groups. Moreover, phenotypic and molecular methods resulted in the identification of 65.2% and 96.6% of the isolates, respectively. Consequently, PCR-RFLP could be concluded as a more favorable technique for species identification.
Keywords: Candidemia, Blood culture, Epidemiology, PCR-RFLP
Antifungal and antibacterial activities of polyherbal toothpaste against oral pathogens, In vitro
Authors: Sadeghi-Nejad Batool , Moghimipour Eskandar , Naanaie Sedigheh Yusef , Nezarat Shahrzad
Published: October 2018

Original article
Article History:
Received: 23 April 2018 Revised: 20 July 2018 Accepted: 06 August 2018
* Corresponding author:Batool Sadeghi-NejadAbadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.Email: batsad4@yahoo.com
Introduction
One of the most common chronic oral infections in the world is dental caries [1]. Oral pathogenic microorganisms have been the cause of dental plaques, dental caries, as well as gingival and periodontal diseases [2]. Streptococcus mutans is one of the main opportunistic pathogens of dental caries, which is responsible for the formation of dental plaque and caries [3]. Other microorganisms associated with this oral condition include Escherichia coli, S. aureus [4], and Candida species.
C. albicans is the most frequent yeast isolated from the oral cavities with poor oral hygiene [2]. The formulation ingredients of commercial toothpastes are mostly chemical substances, such as fluoride and whitening agents [2]. The literature contains evidence regarding the adverse effects of fluoride and bleaching agents (e.g., peroxide-based agents) used in the commercial toothpastes [5].
With this background in mind, the present study aimed to formulate a polyherbal toothpaste without any

A B S T RA C TBackground and Purpose: Herbal toothpastes are more secure and efficacious and less
poisonous due to containing natural chemicals as compared with the synthetic toothpastes. The present study aimed to formulate a polyherbal toothpaste using accessible medicinal plants in Iran and evaluate its efficiency in the protection of oral hygiene and prevention of dental caries.
Materials and Methods: The developed toothpaste was made of the leaf extracts of Artemisia dracunculus, Satureja khuzestanica (Jamzad), and Myrtus communis (Linn), combined at four different dilutions, namely 1:4 (25%), 1:1 (50%), 3:4 (75%), and (100%), with sterile distilled water. The product was tested against five microorganisms, including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobaccilus caseie, S. sanguis, S. salivarius, and Candida albicans, using agar well diffusion method.
Results: After 24 h of incubation, the maximum mean diameters of inhibition zone against L. caseie and C. albicans were obtained as 17-30 and 10-25 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the minimum mean diameter of inhibition zone against S. salivarious was estimated as 15-20 mm.
Conclusion: The formulated toothpaste showed potent inhibitory activities against Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans. Therefore, more studies are required to accurately investigate the efficacy of the formulated toothpaste.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Oral pathogens, Polyherbal toothpaste, Yeast
Clinico-Histomorphological and Immunohistochemical Profile of Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: Report of Five Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Pradhan Prita , Dey Biswajit , Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman , Jacob Sajini Elizabeth , Rathakrishnan Roopesh Kumar Vadivel
Published: October 2018

Background: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is a rare tumour of children and young adults, particularly for those with features of anaplasia.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study comprises five cases of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas diagnosed over a period of 4 years in a tertiary care institute.  A detailed clinicopathological and immunohistochemical profile of the tumours were noted from the hospital database.
Results: Five cases of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas were evaluated for their clinicoradiological, histomorphological as well as immunohistochemical findings, which included 3 females and 2 males, with age range of 11-40 years and a mean age at presentation of 22 years. Histologically a solid cystic biphasic tumour with moderate to high cellularity, spindled pleomorphic astrocytes, hyperchromatic nuclei showing moderate to marked atypia, intranuclear inclusions, ≥5 mitoses per 10 high power fields, with evidence of necrosis and atypical mitoses was noted. One of the cases showed transformation into glioblastoma with evidence of spinal metastasis on follow-up. The tumours expressed both glial as well as neuronal markers with expression of CD34 with increased Ki 67 ranging between 5-20%.
Conclusion: It was concluded that PXA, a low-grade glioneuronal tumour, can show odd site presentation, marked pleomorphism, increased mitosis, atypical mitoses and increased Ki 67 when associated with features of anaplasia. An appropriate panel of immunohistochemical markers in conjunction with a detailed evaluation of histomorphological features and clinicoradiological information are useful for its diagnosis.
 
Keywords: Astrocytoma, Anaplasia, Mitosis, Immunohistochemistry, Ki 67
Investigating the Effects of Oral Ginseng on the Cancer-Related Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Non-Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Pourmohamadi Khatereh , Ahmadzadeh Ahmad , Latifi Mahmood
Published: October 2018

Background: Cancer affects the physical, psychological, and social aspects of the patients’ life. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common and severe condition among cancer patients. Ginseng has long been used as an efficient treatment for CRF and improvement of quality of life (QOL). The present study aims to assess the efficacy of Panax Ginseng (PG) in reducing CRF in patients with non-metastatic cancer. In addition, the safety of the medication is evaluated. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective clinical trial conducted on the patients (n=113) suffering from non-metastatic colon cancer (age range: 20-70 years old) referring to the Shafa Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran for chemotherapy treatment. After the chemotherapy sessions, the patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received daily dose of 100 mg PG for 30 days and the second group received placebo medication. The demographic information and clinical parameters of the patients including age, sex, weight, symptoms of fatigue, depression, sleep disturbances, and pain were measured pre and post intervention. Afterwards, the variables were compared in each group and between the groups. Results: Results of study showed that the ginseng improved the quality of life and mood in the subjects. (P<0.0001) and no difference was observed in the placebo group (P=0.887). Conclusion: The use of ginseng may can effective on reducing CRF and the associated symptoms in the patients with cancer, but further studies should be conducted for the evaluation of comprehensive therapeutic efficacy.
The Relationship between Fatigue and Cytokine Levels in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Khosravi Malihe , Masoumi Hamidreza Taghvaye , Gholami Kheirollah , Vaezi Mohammad , Hadjibabaei Molouk , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir
Published: October 2018

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a very prominent complaint and disabling symptom in cancer patients probably influenced by endogenous cytokines. But, the published data on this subject are limited. We explored the relationship of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with fatigue in patients with AML. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 45 patients (25 men, 20 women) with newly diagnosed AML. We examined fatigue in these patients with validated questionnaire. Simultaneously, blood samples were obtained for quantitative measurement of IL-6 and TNF-α. Results: Our results showed a positive correlation between fatigue and circulating levels of IL-6 (P=0.004, R=0.416). Conclusion: Many patients with AML experienced severe fatigue before the onset of treatment, which is not related to their hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Cytokine levels may be beneficial markers in resistance to fatigue, but further studies are needed before considering targeted therapies as a treatment for CRF.
Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi 2011 ile 2015 Yılları Arasındaki Partikül Madde ve Kükürt Dioksit Ölçümlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Muammer
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Dünyada birçok bölgede olduğu gibi Türkiye‟nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde (GDA) de hava kirliliği önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada 20112015 yılları arasında GDA hava kalitesi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma için veriler T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı Hava Kalitesi İzleme İstasyonları Web Sitesinden alınmıştır. Araştırmanın bağımlı değişkenleri; PM10 ve SO2 iken bağımsız değişkenleri; il, kış sezonu, yaz sezonu ve yıldır. Ölçümler WHO sınır değerleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: GDA'da SO2 ortalama 26.05±72.85'dir. İllere göre Adıyaman 9.94±11.50, Batman 15.93±23.47, Diyarbakır 10.91±12.19, Gaziantep 12.03±14.55, Kilis 6.31±5.43, Mardin 20.95±24.30, Siirt 21.39±31.38, Şanlıurfa 8.83±11.01, Şırnak 138.07±186.87'dir. GDA'da PM10 ortalama 62.33±54.47'tür. İllere göre Adıyaman 63.42±45.14, Batman 86.12±62.14, Diyarbakır 55.88±42.82, Gaziantep 76.29±55.46, Kilis 42.68±39.94, Mardin 57.60±62.33, Siirt 96.09±63.29, Şanlıurfa 52.98±44.68, Şırnak 29.89±30.48'dir. GDA illere göre PM10 ve SO2 ortalamaları arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p<0.001). Sonuç: GDA illeri arasında PM10 ve SO2 beraber değerlendirildiğinde hava kirliliğinin en büyük sorun olduğu il Siirt olarak dikkati çekmektedir. Beş yıllık değerlendirmede; GDA illeri arasında diğer illere göre hava kalitesi daha iyi olarak değerlendirilen il ise Kilis‟tir. Şırnak‟ta ise halk sağlığını ciddi bir şekilde tehdit edebilecek SO2 kirliliği bulunmaktadır.
Çocuk Yoğun Bakım Ünitesindeki Hastaların D Vitamini Seviyeleri
Authors: Açık Sait , Yakıncı Mehmet Cengiz
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Çocuk Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde (ÇYBÜ) yatan hastalarda serum 25-hidroksivitamin D (25-OHVitD) düzeyleri tespit edilerek D vitamini eksikliği saptananlara D vitamini desteği verilmesi; ayrıca ÇYBÜ’deki kronik hastalığı üstüne akut hastalık eklenen hastalarla sadece akut hastalığı olanların D vitamini seviyelerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Ocak 2015- Haziran 2016 tarihleri arasında İnönü Üniversitesi Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi ÇYBÜ’ye yatırılan 1 ay-18 yaş aralığındaki 327 hasta (A grubu) ve kontrol grubu olarak sağlıklı 90 vaka (B grubu) alındı. A grubu, sadece akut hastalığı olan (A1 grubu=125 hasta) ve kronik hastalığı üzerine akut hastalık eklenen (A2 grubu=202 hasta) hastalar olmak üzere ikiye ayrıldı. Tüm vakaların demografik bilgileri, 25-OHVitD, Ca, P ve ALP düzeyleri retrospektif taranarak kaydedildi.Bulgular: 25-OHVitD seviye ortalamaları sırasıyla A grubunda 20,9±16,4 ng/dl; A1 grubunda 25,7±17,2 ng/dl; A2 grubunda 17,9±15,2 ng/dl; B grubunda 25,9±14,4 ng/dl bulundu. D vitamini eksikliği sırasıyla A grubunda %55, A1 grubunda %43,2, A2 grubunda %62,4, B grubunda %40; yetersizliği A grubunda %16, A1 grubunda %17,6, A2 grubunda %14,9, B grubunda %20; yeterliliği A grubunda %29, A1 grubunda %39,2, A2 grubunda %22,8, B grubunda %40 bulundu. Yaşın artışı ve kronik hastalık varlığı D vitamini düzeyi üzerinde belirleyici faktörlerdi.Sonuç: Hastaların yaşı arttıkça D vitamini eksikliği görülme sıklığının arttığı görüldü. ÇYBÜ’deki hastalarda ve özellikle de kronik hastalığı olanlarda D vitamini eksikliğinin daha sık görüldüğü tespit edildi. ÇYBÜ’de yatan ve ek olarak kronik hastalığı olan çocuklarda D vitamini eksikliğinin giderilmesinin tedavilerine katkıda bulunabileceği sonucuna varıldı.
“İdeal Tıp Eğiticisi”: Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Bilişsel Kurguları
Authors: Karadağ Engin , Kılıç Fatma Sultan , Arslantaş Didem , Esen Ferhan , Uzuner Kubilay , İlhan Hüseyin , EROL Kevser
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin tıp eğiticisi kavramına ilişkin algılarında çeşitli faktörler etkilidir. Bunlardan en önemlisi öğrenim gördükleri fakültedeki tıp eğiticileridir. Bu bağlamda, araştırmada öğrencilerin bilişsel yapılarında yer alan „ideal tıp eğiticisi‟ niteliklerinin belirlenmesi ve bu niteliklere göre ideal tıp eğiticisi modellemesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Karma yöntemlerden keşfedici desenle tasarlanan araştırmada, İç Anadolu Bölgesi‟ndeki bir devlet üniversitesi tıp fakültesinde farklı sınıf seviyelerinde öğrenim gören 217 öğrenci çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniklerinden „dağarçık ağı‟ tekniği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi ve ağ benzerlik formülü kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Bulgular, ideal tıp eğiticisi niteliklerini temsil eden 1.627 adet geçerli bilişsel kurgunun (sadece olumlu nitelikler) olduğunu; bu kurguların 24 alt ve beş ana kategoride sınıflandırılabileceğini göstermiştir. En fazla tekrarlanan ilk üç bilişsel kurgu sınıf yönetimi becerisi, sevecenlik ve ölçme-değerlendirme becerisidir. Bilişsel kurguların sınıflandırıldığı ana kategoriler ise pedagojik yetkinlik, bireysel olgunluk, iletişim becerisi, yenilikçi ruh/uyarılım ve diğer özelliklerdir.Sonuç: Sonuçlar tıp eğiticisi niteliğinin sadece birkaç nitelikle değil bir bütün olarak açıklanmasını gerektiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu nitelikler pedagoji bilgisinden alan (tıp) bilgisine; nezaketlilikten ve samimiyete uzanan çizgide çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Araştırmada elde edilen niteliklere göre oluşturulan „Çembersel Tıp Eğiticisi Modeli‟ altı bileşen ve her bir bileşenin birbirleriyle ilişkili 24 yapıdan oluşmaktadır. Her bir bileşen ise kendi içinde yapılara ayrılmaktadır. Modelde tıp eğiticisinin olmazsa olmaz en önemli iki temel niteliği „Pedagojik Yetkinlik‟ ve Bireysel Olgunluk‟tur. Oluşturulan çembersel model tıp eğiticisini bir bütün olarak değerlendirmeye olanak vermekte olup bütün bileşen ve yapılar, tıp eğiticisi niteliklerini sistematik bir ilişki örüntüsüyle açıklamakta kullanılabilmektedir.
Deneysel Künt Duodenum Yaralanmalarında Hiperbarik Oksijen Tedavisi ve Timokinon’un Etkisi
Authors: Güneş Ali Erdal , Gözeneli Orhan , Akal Ali , Taşkın Abdullah , Sezen Hatice , Güldür Muhammed Emin
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Duodenumun abdomenin iyi korunmuş bir alanında olmasına rağmen, duodenum arkasında lomber vertebralar bulunmasından ve iyi fikse olmasından dolayı özellikle künt travmalarda yaralanabilmektedir. Hiperbarik Oksijen (HBO2) tedavisi, sekonder hasarın en önemli nedenlerinden biri olan iskemiyi azaltır. Travmadan sonra seri olarak verilen HBO2 tedavileri klinik, histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal fayda sağlar. Timokinon’un (TQ) topikal veya sistemik kullanımda yara iyileşmesini hızlandırdığı gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda deneysel oluşturulmuş Grade 1-2 künt duodenal travmalarda HBO2 ve oral TQ tedavisinin yararlı olabileceği yönünde sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.Gereç ve Yöntem: 32 adet Wistar Albino cinsi rat rastgele 4 gruba ayıldı. Birinci grup dışındaki ratlara cerrahi işlem uygulanmıştır. İlk grup sham olarak seçilirken 2. grup kontrol, 3. grup HBO2 tedavisi, 4. grup ise HBO2+TQ tedavisi almıştır. Sonuçlar duodenum ve serumda histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak incelenmiştir.Bulgular: Histopatolojik bulgularda HBO2 tedavisi iyileşmeyi hızlandırırken tedaviye eklenen TQ tedavisi iyileşmedeki başarıyı artırmıştır. Duodenum dokusunda ve serumda çalışılan parametreler histopatolojik değişikliklere kısmen paralel olsa bile biyokimyasal değerler genel olarak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır.Sonuç:  Bu çalışmada duodenumun 2. kısmına künt hasar taklit edilmiş ve HBO2 ve TQ tedavisinin Grade 1-2 hasarlarda diğer gruplara göre iyileşme sağladığı gösterilmiştir. Grade 1 ve 2 duodenal hasarlarda, konservatif tedavinin yanında belirlenecek bir HBO2 programı ve bu programa TQ eklenerek tedavide başarılı yanıtlar alınabileceğini düşünüyoruz.
Levels of Serum M30 and M65 Proteins as Biomarkers of Apoptosis in Children Exposed to Passive Smoking
Authors: SHERMATOV Kabil , KAZANASMAZ Halil , GUZEL Bulent , CEBİ Nazime
Published: October 2018

Background: DNA damage associated with passive
smoking has been shown in children. Severe DNA damage can change the apoptosis
process of the cell.  M30 and M65
biomarkers are markers showing the apoptosis process and can be quantitatively
measured. We aimed to determine M30 and M65 levels as apoptosis biomarkers in
children exposed to passive smoking.

Methods: A total of 79 children were included
in the study. Urine cotinine level was measured with the chemiluminescence
method and the levels of apoptosis biomarkers M30 and M65 were measured in
peripheral venous blood with PEVIVA/ALEXIS ELISA kits.

Results: The mean serum M30 level of the group
exposed to smoking was found to be significantly low compared to that of the
control group (p=0.01). The serum M65 value was not significant in either group
(p=0.1). No correlation was determined between the mean cotinine level and M30
(r=0.25, p=0.02) or M65 (r=0.16, p=0.15).

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that
the apoptosis biomarker M30 levels of the children exposed to passive smoking
were low compared to those of the control group which can be interpreted as
apoptosis inhibition in exposure to cigarette smoke. Further clinical studies
are needed.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors on the Breast Care of Patients and Health Care Personnels Who Apply to Family Medicine Policlinic
Authors: Ozkan Pehlivanoglu Elif Fatma , Balcioglu Huseyin , Bilge Ugur , Unluoglu İlhami
Published: October 2018

Objective: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in women after lung cancer in the World. Early diagnosis and treatment is life-saving. Our aim with this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of breast cancer awareness of health care professionals and patients who apply to our Family Medicine Policlinic in Eskisehir.Methods: A total of 424 female patients were included in the study. "Evaluation of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of Breast Health of Patients and Healthcare Personnels Attending to the Family Physician Policlinic Form" which was prepared by the researchers was applied with a face-to-face interview method.Results: A total of 424 female patients were included in the study, 178 of them were health professionals. The average age was 40.2 ± 11.1 years. 54.1% (n= 153) of 283 patients who performed BSE were health care personnels and health care personnels’ performances of BSE were found to be statistically higher than non-health care personnels. 47.9% (n= 203) of participants in study are over 40 years of age and 66.5% (n= 135) of them are screened by mammogram, 33.5% (n= 68 ) of them did not have a mammogram. There was no significant difference about screened by mammography between health care personnels and non-health care personnels.

Conclusion: While attending preventive health services, they should have positive attitudes towards developing health for health care personnel, which is also an example of cancer screenings.
Hastalık Maliyet Analizinin Bibliyometrik ve Doküman Açısından İncelemesi
Authors: BOZDEMİR Enver , TAŞLI Meltem
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, hastalık maliyeti analizini odağına alan çalışmaları en çok atıf alma şartına bağlı olarak incelemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada yöntem olarak iki teknikten (bibliyometrik ve doküman analizi) yararlanılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda Web of Science Core Collection veri tabanından 1975-2017 yılları arasını kapsayan “cost of illness”, “cost of disease” ve “economic burden of” kavramlarıyla ilgili çalışmalar derlenmiştir.Bulgular: Hastalık maliyet analizi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalara ülkeler bazında bakıldığında en fazla yayın yapan ülke ABD’dir. En fazla atfa sahip olan yazarlar ise Boncz, I. ve Baser, O.’dur. Dagenais ve ark.’nın (2008), Brown’un (2003) ve Burge ve ark. (2007) çalışması “cost of illness”, “cost of disease” ve “economic burden of” kavramları en çok atıf alan çalışmalardır.Sonuç: Yapılan bu çalışma, hastalık maliyet analizi konusunda bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalara yol gösterir niteliktedir. Hastalık maliyeti alanında çalışma yapmak isteyen araştırmacılar konu hakkında en hızlı şekilde ilerleyebilmek için en çok atıf alan ilk on çalışmaya başvurmalıdır.
Comparing the Long-Term Outcome of Uterosacral and Sacrospinous Ligament Suspension Surgeries in Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: SUKGEN Gokmen , ELLİBES KAYA Askı
Published: October 2018

Objective: We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of the sacrospinous ligament suspension (SSLS) and uterosacral ligament suspension (ULS) procedures used for the treatment of apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP).Methods: Fifty-two patients, diagnosed with apical POP, were included in this retrospective study. Twenty of these patients underwent The ULS procedure Fifty-two patients, diagnosed with apical POP, were included in this retrospective study. Twenty of these patients underwent The ULS procedure (Group 1), thirty-two patients (Group 2) were treated with bilateral SSLS. Operation type and time, objective and subjective cure rates, patient satisfaction rates and complications were obtained from hospital records at the operation time and 12-mounts, 36-mounts.Results: The objective cure rates were 80% of group 1, 78.1% of group 2 at 12-month follow-up and %70 of group 1, 71.8% of group 2 at 36-month follow-up; the subjective cure rates were defined as 100% of group 1, 87.4% of group 2 at 12-month follow-up and %100 of group 1, 84.3% of group 2 at 36-month follow-up (p>0.05). Very satisfied patients were significantly higher in the ULS group compared to the SSLS group (p=0.048) but when compared totally satisfied (very satisfied and greatly improved) and dissatisfied patients, there was no significant difference between groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: It was found that ULS and SSLS were not superior to each other according to success rates and patient’s satisfaction in the comparison of two commonly used methods apical prolapse by vaginal approach.
A Study About The Power Flow In Brushless Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generators For Wind Power Systems
Authors: Voltolini Hélio , Carlson Renato , Rüncos Fredemar
Published: October 2018

This paper presents dynamic modeling and simulation of Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator (BDFIG) as an alternative for variable speed wind power applications. The mathematic models of active and reactive power for BDFIG have been developed. The power control systems of a 75 kVA generator and wind turbine were simulated in Matlab/Simulink/SymPower Systems. The generator’s control system is based on vector control principles which enable to decouple active and reactive power control. The power flow in the two stator windings and in the grid is analyzed in two different power factor correction schemes. The results presented show that the rating of the two converters used in this system can be calculated considering that both converters are compensating reactive power. It allows a reduction of the kVA rating of the auxiliary-side converter.
Controle Adaptativo Por Posicionamento De Pólos E Estrutura Variável Aplicado Ao Controle De Velocidade De Um Motor De Indução Trifásico
Authors: Silva Jr. Francisco C. , Araújo Aldayr D.
Published: October 2018

Existem dois métodos principais para a construção de controladores adaptativos. Um deles é o Controle Adaptativo por Modelo de Referência (MRAC) e o outro é o Controle Adaptativo por Posicionamento de Pólos (APPC). No MRAC, um modelo de referência é escolhido para gerar a trajetória desejada que o sinal de saída da planta deve seguir, e este modelo pode requerer o cancelamento de zeros da planta. Devido a sua flexibilidade em escolher a metodologia de projeto do controlador (realimentação de estado, projeto de compensador, linear quadrático, etc.) e a lei adaptativa (mínimos quadrados, método do gradiente, etc.), o APPC é o tipo mais geral de controle adaptativo. Tradicionalmente, vem sendo desenvolvido em uma abordagem indireta e, como uma vantagem, pode ser aplicado a plantas de fase não-mínima, já que não envolve cancelamentos de zeros e pólos. A integração aos sistemas com estrutura variável permite agregar rapidez no transitório e robustez às variações paramétricas e perturbações. Neste artigo, um Controlador Adaptativo por Posicionamento de Pólos e Estrutura Variável (VSAPPC) é aplicado ao controle de velocidade de um motor de indução trifásico. São mostrados resultados de simulação e experimentais.
Estimation of hearing impairment occurrence in patients with Lyme borreliosis – preliminary study
Authors: Oczko-Grzesik Barbara , Lisowska Grażyna , Rubicz Nina , Kępa Lucjan , Boroń-Kaczmarska Anna , Kawecka Izabela , Misiołek Maciej , Hamann Karl-Friedrich
Published: October 2018

Wstęp

Borelioza z Lyme (Lyme borreliosis – LB) jest najczęstszą chorobą odkleszczową u ludzi. Celem pracy było przeprowadzenie wstępnej analizy występowania zaburzeń słuchu u chorych na LB.

Materiał i metody

Testy audiometryczne objęły 66 chorych z rozpoznaną LB, w wieku od 18 do 45 lat. Wszyscy badani (kobiety i mężczyźni) zostali podzieleni na dwie główne grupy: 1 – wczesnej, rozsianej LB i 2 – późnej LB; wśród nich zostały wyodrębnione podgrupy pacjentów z rozpoznaniem neuroboreliozy (Lyme neuroborreliosis – LNB). Diagnostykę narządu słuchu przeprowadzono na podstawie badań audiometrii tonalnej, audiometrii tonalnej rozszerzonej (o wysokiej częstotliwości do 18 kHz), audiometrii impedancyjnej i audiometrii mowy.

Wyniki

Nieprawidłowe wyniki testów audiometrycznych stwierdzono u 66,7% badanych, a analiza statystyczna wskazała na istotny związek z zakażeniem Borrelia burgdorferi (p = 0,017). Większość stanowiły osoby z późną LB, zarówno bez, jak i z LNB.

Wnioski

Zaburzenia słuchu różnego stopnia występują u ponad połowy chorych na LB, zwłaszcza w późnych stadiach procesu chorobowego. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na konieczność prowadzenia dalszych wszechstronnych badań uwzględniających uszkodzenie narządu słuchu i równowagi w przebiegu LB, obejmujących większe grupy chorych.
EMDR et TCC chez des patients atteints de cancer : étude comparative de leurs effets sur l'ESPT, l'anxiété et la dépression
Authors: Capezzani Liuva , Ostacoli Luca , Cavallo Marco , Carletto Sara , Fernandez Isabel , Solomon Roger , Pagani Marco , Cantelmi Tonino
Published: October 2018

Cette étude-pilote teste l'efficacité comparée de la thérapie EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) et de la thérapie cognitive comportementale (TCC) dans le traitement de l'état de stress post-traumatique (ESPT) chez des patients atteints de cancer, dans la phase de suivi de la maladie. Le second objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer si l'EMDR avait un impact différent sur l'ESPT pendant la phase active du traitement ou au cours des étapes de suivi de la maladie. On a assigné aléatoirement vingt-et-un patients en soins de suivi à des groupes d'EMDR ou de TCC, et dix patients en phase active de traitement ont été assignés à un groupe EMDR. Pour évaluer l'ESPT en pré-traitement et à un mois après traitement, on a utilisé l'Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) et la Clinician- Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). L'anxiété, la dépression et les symptômes psycho-physiologiques ont également été évalués. Pour les patients en phase de suivi, l'absence d'ESPT après traitement était associée à une probabilité significativement plus grande d'avoir reçu de l'EMDR que de la TCC. L'EMDR était significativement plus efficace que la TCC pour faire décroître les notes à la sous-échelle des symptômes intrusifs de l'IES-R et de la CAPS, mais l'anxiété et la dépression étaient améliorées de façon semblable dans les deux groupes de thérapie. En outre, l'EMDR se montrait aussi efficace dans le traitement actif du cancer que dans la phase de suivi de la maladie.
La investigación de la conciencia: Una introducción a los fundamentos de la neurobiología del EMDR
Authors: Bergmann Uri
Published: October 2018

La mente humana es difícil de investigar, pero los fundamentos biológicos de la mente, sobre todo de la conciencia, generalmente conllevan una mayor complejidad. En este artículo, extraído del libro Fundamentos neurobiológicos para la práctica de EMDR (Bergmann, 2012), introducimos y delineamos aspectos de la conciencia, el procesamiento de información y su relación con la terapia de desensibilización y reprocesamiento por movimientos oculares (EMDR). Examinamos la conciencia en relación a tres características: la unidad de percepción y función, la subjetividad y la predicción. Examinamos la relación de estas características con EMDR.
Estudio comparativo de tres aditivos zootécnicos en el comportamiento productivo y sanitario de cerdos en el período post-destete
Authors: Flores-Mancheno Luis Gerardo , García-Hernández Yaneisy , Usca-Méndez Julio Enrique , Caicedo-Quinche William Orlando
Published: October 2018

El objetivo del trabajo fue comparar el efecto de tres aditivos (dos probióticos y un antibiótico) en el comportamiento productivo y la salud de cerdos en el período post- destete. Para esto se utilizaron 120 cerdos castrados, del cruce Landrace x Large White con padre Blanco Belga x Pietrain, de 28 d de edad y 6,87 kg, distribuidos en tres grupos experimentales según diseño completamente aleatorizado con cuatro repeticiones cada uno. Los tratamientos (T) evaluados fueron: 1 kg de virginiamicina al 2% por tonelada de alimento (T1), 1 kg de probiótico con Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis y enzimas digestivas por tonelada de alimento (T2) y 15 mL de preparado ecuatoriano con bacterias lácticas, levaduras y enzimas por kg de peso vivo (PV) de los animales (T3). En este último grupo fue donde se obtuvo el mayor peso vivo final (25,85 kg, P<0.0001) y la mejor ganancia de peso total (18,97 kg, P<0.0001) y diaria (451,75 g/d, P<0.0001). También, para el mismo grupo se encontraron las conversiones de materia seca, proteína bruta y energía metabolizable más eficientes (1,52 kg/kg de PV; 381,57 g/kg de PV y 22,99 MJ/kg de PV, respectivamente). El porcentaje de animales con diarreas difirió (P<0,0001) entre el grupo que recibió la virginiamicina (50,61%) y los aditivos microbianos (27,98% y 21,39%), sin diferencias entre estos últimos. Se concluye que los aditivos microbianos mejoran el comportamiento productivo y sanitario de cerdos en post-destete con respecto a la virginiamicina, y este efecto fue mayor con el preparado microbiano ecuatoriano.
Preparado microbiano con actividad ácido láctica como acelerante biológico en los procesos de fermentación para alimento animal
Authors: Borrás-Sandoval Luis Miguel , Valiño-Cabrera Elaine Cristina , Rodríguez-Molano Carlos Eduardo
Published: October 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un preparado microbiano a partir de un yogurt elaborado conbase en un cultivo de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) heterofermentativas de mediana y rápida acidificación(Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus y Streptococcust hermophilus), provenientes de un cultivocomercial liofilizado (Liofast Y452B, SACCO ®). Para el pH del preparado microbiano se realizó análisisde ANOVA, medido en 6 tiempos de fermentación (0, 6, 12, 24, 36 y 48 horas) con tres repeticiones.La elaboración del inóculo parte de la elaboración del yogurt; se preparó con leche entera de vaca, secalentó a 45 ºC y se inoculó con el cultivo de bacterias lácticas; el producto final de este presentó un pHde 4,63 a las 48 h (p<0,0001), el cual controló el crecimiento bacteriano de patógenos y permitió uncrecimiento final de bacterias ácido lácticas de 99x106 UFC/mL, para su uso como aditivo microbiano,como acelerante biológico en los procesos de fermentación y, posiblemente, como probiótico para laalimentación animal.