bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Gloria for Satie's Messe des pauvres
Authors: Schwandt Erich
Published: August 2013

Erik Satie worked on his Messe des pauvres from 1893 to 1895 but never completed it. After Satie's death, Darius Milhaud selected movements from the composer's notebooks and published them in 1929 as the Messe des pauvres for organ and voices. The Mass is missing its Gloria; however, the only contemporary account suggests that the Gloria was in existence in 1895. The object of this article is to propose a new Gloria based on one of Satie's contemporaneous piano préludes. As well, to involve the singers more fully, two very short movements are furnished with Latin texts.
Stratégies citationnelles dans Die Soldaten de Bernd Alois Zimmermann
Authors: Viens Lise
Published: August 2013

L’auteure examine trois extraits de l’opéra Die Soldaten (1958-60, 1962-64) de Bernd Alois Zimmermann et montre comment la citation est venue fournir des solutions aux problèmes compositionnels rencontrés la dans conception d’une œuvre dramaturgique à ce moment crucial dans l’évolution vers la formulation du pluralisme musical, technique compositionnelle définie par le compositeur vers 1960 et visant à traduire une conception sphérique du temps. Ces trois passages sont la deuxième scène du deuxième acte (janvier 1960), où l’insertion d’un choral de Bach est venue résoudre le problème de la représentation simultanée de trois scènes, « Intermezzo » du même acte (avril 1963), privilégiant également un choral de Bach comme fondement du complexe (à la manière d’un cantus firmus) et enfin, le « Preludio » (novembre 1962), où la démultiplication du Dies Irae en canon proportionnel révèle à la fois la fascination de Zimmermann pour les techniques polyphoniques franco-flamandes et l’importance structurelle qu’accorde le compositeur aux passages citants, ici non plus au centre d’une structure tripartite comme dans les deux cas précédents, mais comme aboutissement du processus dramaturgique.
Post-World War II Rhythm and Blues: Jump Blues, Club Blues,
and Roy Brown
Authors: Bowman Rob
Published: August 2013

The classification of different styles of North American popular music has often been
problematic. This paper investigates some of the music referred to as rhythm and blues
(r & b) in the late 1940s and early 1950s by specifically looking at the works of one of
the music's leading practitioners of the time, Roy Brown. Brown recorded both jump and
club blues between 1947 and 1955, placing fifteen records in the Top 20 of the Billboard
rhythm and blues charts.

For the purposes of this paper fifty-four of the seventy-four songs that Brown recorded
in this period were analyzed with respect to structure, performing force, performance
style, tempo, arrangement, bass lines, approach to the beat, rate of singing, vocal
ornamentation, and lyric content and structure. Three main subdivisions were found
within Brown's repertoire, all connected to social behaviour, namely, dance. In the
process, a basic biography of Brown is provided and his influence on many subsequent
rhythm and blues and rock and roll performers is contextualized.
Mrs. J.B. Carmichael and the Edmonton Civic Opera Society, 1935-1971
Authors: Berg Wesley , Paulson Gerry
Published: August 2013

Born in Indiana and trained as a singer, violinist, and conductor in Chicago and New York, Beatrice van Loon travelled to Edmonton, Alberta, in the fall of 1920 as the leader of an all-female ensemble. She married a local dentist and as Mrs. J.B. Carmichael played in the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra and conducted an orchestra at the University of Alberta until 1934. She founded the Edmonton Civic Opera Society in 1935 and worked as its artistic director until her death in 1964. For more than four decades she gave unstintingly of herself to audiences and music students in her adopted city.
Richard Strauss à l’oeuvre : les premières esquisses pour Salome
Authors: Boulay Jean-Michel
Published: August 2013

L’auteur, après avoir tenté d’établir à quel moment Richard Strauss commence son travail sur Salome, fait un inventaire des sources manuscrites de l’opéra. Puis il se concentre sur un exemplaire de la première édition de la traduction allemande de la pièce d’Oscar Wilde ayant appartenu au compositeur et qui contient de nombreuses annotations musicales. Une classification et une description de celles-ci sont suivies de l’analyse détaillée du premier stade de conception de deux passages clés de Salome.
Common Ownership and Equality of Autonomy
Authors: di Robilant Anna
Published: August 2013

In recent years, common ownership has enjoyed unprecedented favour
among policy-makers and citizens in the United States, Canada, and
Europe. Conservation land trusts, affordable-housing co-operatives,
community gardens, and neighbourhood-managed parks are spreading
throughout major cities. Normatively, these common-ownership regimes
are seen as yielding a variety of benefits, such as a communitarian
ethos in the efficient use of scarce resources, or greater freedom to
interact and create in new ways. The design of common-ownership
regimes, however, requires difficult trade-offs. Most importantly,
successful achievement of the goals of common-ownership regimes
requires the limitation of individual co-owners’ ability to
freely use the common resource, as well as to exit the common-ownership
arrangement.

This article makes two contributions. First, at the normative level, it
argues that common ownership has the potential to help foster greater
“equality of autonomy”. By “equality of
autonomy”, I mean more equitable access to the material and
relational means that allow individuals to be autonomous. Second, at
the level of design, this article argues that the difficult trade-offs
of common-ownership regimes should be dealt with by grounding the
commitment to equality of autonomy in the context of specific
resources. In some cases, this resource-specific design helps to
minimize or avoid difficult trade-offs. In hard cases, where trade-offs
cannot be avoided, this article offers arguments for privileging
greater equality of autonomy over full negative freedom.
Polymerization‐Induced Colloidal Assembly and Photonic Crystal Multilayer for Coding and Decoding
Authors: Yang Dongpeng , Qin Yuhang , Ye Siyun , Ge Jianping
Published: August 2013

Photonic crystal (PC) films are prepared by precipitation of colloidal crystal seeds in supersaturated solution of particles, followed by crystal growth and structure fixing with photo‐polymerization. As the liquid monomer becomes a solid matrix, the highly concentrated particles are forced to precipitate into colloidal microcrystals in short time, and ‘polymerization‐induced colloidal assembly’ (PICA) is shown to be the major driving force to form colloidal crystals. PICA is intrinsically different from evaporation‐induced colloidal assembly, because the seed formation and crystal growth are separated into two independent steps, which makes the synthesis more flexible, controllable, and efficient. The PICA process is capable of quickly producing PC films with an ultra‐narrow bandgap, tunable thickness, and large size. Based on these characteristics and the blocking effect of the outer PC layer to the reflection signal of inner layer, a coding–decoding system is developed in which the film's composition and stacking sequence can be identified by its distinctive reflection spectrum.
Photostable Iodinated Silica/Porphyrin Hybrid Nanoparticles with Heavy‐Atom Effect for Wide‐Field Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy Using Single Light Source
Authors: Hayashi Koichiro , Nakamura Michihiro , Miki Hirokazu , Ozaki Shuji , Abe Masahiro , Matsumoto Toshio , Kori Toshinari , Ishimura Kazunori
Published: August 2013

Physical therapies including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) can be effective against diseases that are resistant to chemotherapy and remain as incurable malignancies (for example, multiple myeloma). In this study, to enhance the treatment efficacy for multiple myeloma using the synergetic effect brought about by combining PDT and PTT, iodinated silica/porphyrin hybrid nanoparticles (ISP HNPs) with high photostability are developed. They can generate both 1O2 and heat with irradiation from a light‐emitting diode (LED), acting as photosensitizers for PDT/PTT combination treatment. ISP HNPs exhibit the external heavy atom effect, which significantly improves both the quantum yield for 1O2 generation and the light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency. The in vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrates that ISP HNPs, modified with folic acid and polyethylene glycol (FA‐PEG‐ISP HNPs), locally accumulate in the tumor after 18 h of their intravenous injection into tumor‐bearing mice. The LED irradiation on the tumor area of the mice injected with FA‐PEG‐ISP HNPs causes necrosis of the tumor tissues, resulting in the inhibition of tumor growth and an improvement in the survival rate.
Declining rates of work‐related overexertion back injuries among union drywall installers in Washington State, 1989–2008: Improved work safety or shifting of care?
Authors: Schoenfisch Ashley L. , Lipscomb Hester J. , Marshall Stephen W. , Casteel Carri , Richardson David B. , Brookhart M. Alan , Cameron Wilfrid
Published: August 2013

Introduction

Construction workers are at high risk of work‐related musculoskeletal back disorders, and research suggests medical care and costs associated with these conditions may be covered by sources other than workers' compensation (WC). Little is known about the back injury experience and care seeking behavior among drywall installers, a high‐risk workgroup regularly exposed to repetitive activities, awkward postures, and handling heavy building materials.

Methods

Among a cohort of 24,830 Washington State union carpenters (1989–2008), including 5,073 drywall installers, we identified WC claims, visits for health care covered through union‐provided health insurance and time at risk. Rates of work‐related overexertion back injuries (defined using WC claims data) and health care utilization for musculoskeletal back disorders covered by private health insurance were examined and contrasted over time and by worker characteristics, stratified by type of work (drywall installation, other carpentry).

Results

Drywall installers' work‐related overexertion back injury rates exceeded those of other carpenters (adjusted IRR 1.63, 95% CI 1.48–1.78). For both carpentry groups, rates declined significantly over time. In contrast, rates of private healthcare utilization for musculoskeletal back disorders were similar for drywall installers compared to other carpenters; they increased over time (after the mid‐1990s), with increasing years in the union, and with increasing numbers of work‐related overexertion back injuries.

Conclusions

Observed declines over time in the rate of work‐related overexertion back injury, as based on WC claims data, is encouraging. However, results add to the growing literature suggesting care for work‐related conditions may be being sought outside of the WC system. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:184–194, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cleaning and asthma characteristics in women
Authors: Dumas Orianne , Siroux Valérie , Luu Frédéric , Nadif Rachel , Zock Jan‐Paul , Kauffmann Francine , Le Moual Nicole
Published: August 2013

Background

We aimed to assess the associations between occupational exposure to cleaning products, a gender‐related exposure, and asthma characteristics, considering clinical, immunological and inflammatory aspects.

Methods

Analyses were conducted in 391 women (73 with adult‐onset asthma) from the follow‐up of the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA). Occupational exposure to cleaning/disinfecting products was estimated using the asthma‐specific job‐exposure‐matrix (44 women exposed).

Results

Occupational exposures were associated with more symptomatic asthma (odds ratio (95% CI): 2.8(1.2–6.4)) and severe asthma (5.1(1.7–15.3)). An association was suggested for poorly controlled asthma (2.2(0.9–5.5)). Associations were observed for asthma without positive skin prick test (3.0(1.1–8.3)), with a low IgE level (2.8(1.2–6.2)), and with a low eosinophil count (3.2(1.5–7.1)).

Conclusions

Results strengthen the evidence of a deleterious role of cleaning products in asthma and are consistent with the hypothesis of non‐allergic mechanisms in relation to workplace cleaning exposures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:303–311, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Katalytische Wasserspaltung und Solarbrennstoffzellen: künstliche Blätter auf dem Vormarsch
Authors: Joya Khurram Saleem , Joya Yasir F. , Ocakoglu Kasim , van de Krol Roel
Published: August 2013

Die Erschließung von erneuerbaren Ressourcen zur Herstellung sauberer Brennstoffe aus reichlich vorhandenen und einfach zugänglichen Ressourcen zählt derzeit zu den anspruchsvollsten Aufgaben der Wissenschaft. Katalytische Prozesse zur Wasserspaltung mithilfe von Solarenergie können als Quelle für Elektronen und Protonen zur Erzeugung sauberer Brennstoffe wie Wasserstoff sowie zur Sequestrierung von CO2 und dessen Umwandlung in kohlenstoffarme Energieträger genutzt werden. In letzter Zeit wurden große Anstrengungen unternommen, um ein eigenständiges Element zur Umwandlung von Solarenergie in Brennstoff zu bauen: ein “künstliches Blatt”, das mit Licht und Wasser als Rohstoffen arbeitet. Hier werden jüngste Fortschritte bei elektrochemischen und photoelektrokatalytischen Wasserspaltungssystemen vorgestellt, die sowohl Wasser oxidierende molekulare Komplexe als auch nanostrukturierte Anordnungen zur Entwicklung eines künstlichen Photosyntheseapparats nutzen.
Allen's Rule Revisited: Temperature Influences Bone Elongation During a Critical Period of Postnatal Development
Authors: Serrat Maria A.
Published: August 2013

Limbs of animals raised at warm ambient temperature are significantly and permanently longer than those of siblings housed in the cold. These highly reproducible lab results closely parallel the ecogeographical tenet described by Allen's extremity size rule, which states that appendage length correlates with temperature and latitude. It is unclear what mechanisms underlie these differences and in what pattern they emerge, since the morphology is traditionally thought to reflect naturally selected genomic adaptations for thermoregulation. This study tests the a posteriori hypothesis that adult extremity length is subject to substantial modification by temperature during a brief but critical period of early postnatal development. Weanling mice (N = 28) were divided into three groups and housed at 7°C, 21°C, or 27°C for eight weeks. Tail lengths and body mass were measured weekly. Mass did not differ at any age. Analysis of tail elongation curves revealed two distinct phases: an initial period of rapid temperature‐sensitive growth in which elongation rate was directly impacted by temperature; and a second phase of continued growth in which rates were identical among groups. Comparable growth reactions occur in response to other environmental variables such as exercise, suggesting that the skeleton is most responsive to external stimuli during a window of heightened sensitivity when growth occurs most rapidly. Knowledge of the timing and degree to which growth plasticity permits mammals to immediately adjust to novel temperature conditions will be important for analyzing skeletal variation in fluctuating climates, particularly for assessing factors that may accelerate skeletal evolution at temperature extremes. Anat Rec, 296:1534–1545, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ovarian Follicular Morphometry of South American Fur Seal Pups (Arctophoca australis)
Authors: Katz Helena , Johansson Olle
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to analyze the morphometric characteristics of ovarian follicles and their distribution in the ovarian cortex in South American fur seal pups (Arctophoca australis). Samples were obtained from animals stranded in the Uruguayan Atlantic coast. Ovaries were dissected, fixed, weighed, and processed by standard histological techniques. Ovarian weight increased with pup age and body length. There was an increase in the diameter of the oocytes (22.24 ± 0.6 to 68.2 ± 5.3 µm), the nuclei (10.04 ± 0.2 to 20.7 ± 1.6 µm), and follicles (30.4 ± 1.2 to 252.6 ± 53.6 µm) of type 1 to type 5 follicles; there was a wide range of variation in the diameter of follicle type 4 and 5. Granulosa layer thickness increased between follicles type 3 and 4, whereas between type 4 and 5 there was a reduction. Thecal layer from follicles type 3 and 4 consisted of 1–2 layers of cells, whereas type 5 showed an increase in thickness (3.13 ± 0.3 to 13.8 ± 5.2 µm). Follicles type 1 and 2 occupied superficial regions within the ovarian cortex while the remaining follicles had a deeper location. These results provide a basis for comparison with females of other age categories as well as follicular dynamics studies in South American fur seals. Anat Rec, 296:1658–1663, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Green Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonate Derivatives on a Solid Supported TiO2–SiO2 Catalyst and Their Anticancer Activity
Authors: Chinthaparthi Radha Rani , Bhatnagar Ira , Gangireddy Chandra Sekhar Reddy , Syama Sundar Chereddy , Cirandur Suresh Reddy
Published: August 2013

Syntheses of a new series of biologically potent α‐aminophosphonates were accomplished by one‐pot Kabachnik–Fields reaction using TiO2–SiO2 as solid supported catalyst under microwave irradiation conditions. The chemical structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral (IR, 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, and mass) data. Their anticancer nature was evaluated by screening the in vitro activity on two human cancer cell lines, HeLa and SK‐BR‐3. Compounds 4i and 4o showed the best activity on these cancer cells even though the majority of the compounds, and particularly 4l and 4p, have good cytotoxic activity against them.
Horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes: The weak‐link model
Authors: Huang Jinling
Published: August 2013

The significance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in eukaryotic evolution remains controversial. Although many eukaryotic genes are of bacterial origin, they are often interpreted as being derived from mitochondria or plastids. Because of their fixed gene pool and gene loss, however, mitochondria and plastids alone cannot adequately explain the presence of all, or even the majority, of bacterial genes in eukaryotes. Available data indicate that no insurmountable barrier to HGT exists, even in complex multicellular eukaryotes. In addition, the discovery of both recent and ancient HGT events in all major eukaryotic groups suggests that HGT has been a regular occurrence throughout the history of eukaryotic evolution. A model of HGT is proposed that suggests both unicellular and early developmental stages as likely entry points for foreign genes into multicellular eukaryotes.
Deep Red to Near‐Infrared Emitting Rhenium(I) Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemistry, Photophysics, and Electroluminescence Studies
Authors: Yu Tao , Tsang Daniel Ping‐Kuen , Au Vonika Ka‐Man , Lam Wai Han , Chan Mei‐Yee , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: August 2013

A series of triarylamine‐containing tricarbonyl rhenium(I) complexes, [BrRe(CO)3(N^N)] (N^N=5,5′‐bis(N,N‐diaryl‐4‐[ethen‐1‐yl]‐aniline)‐2,2′‐bipyridine), has been designed and synthesized by introducing a rhenium(I) metal center into a donor‐π‐acceptor‐π‐donor structure. All of the complexes showed an intense broad structureless emission band in dichloromethane at around 680–708 nm, which originated from an excited state of intraligand charge transfer (3ILCT) character from the triarylamine to the bipyridine moiety. Upon introduction of the bulky and electron‐donating pentaphenylbenzene units attached to the aniline groups, the emission bands were found to be red shifted. The nanosecond transient absorption spectra of two selected complexes were studied, which were suggestive of the formation of an initial charge‐separated state. Computational studies have been performed to provide further insight into the origin of the absorption and emission. One of the rhenium(I) complexes has been utilized in the fabrication of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), representing the first example of the realization of deep red to near‐infrared rhenium(I)‐based OLEDs with an emission extending up to 800 nm.
Base‐Stabilized Boryl and Cationic Haloborylene Complexes of Iron
Authors: Bissinger Philipp , Braunschweig Holger , Damme Alexander , Dewhurst Rian D. , Kraft Katharina , Kramer Thomas , Radacki Krzysztof
Published: August 2013

The synthesis of base‐stabilized boryl and borylene complexes is reported. An N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized iron–dihydroboryl complex was prepared by two different routes including methane liberation and salt elimination. A range of base‐stabilized iron–dichloroboryl complexes was prepared by addition of Lewis bases to boryl complexes. Base‐stabilized, cationic monochloroborylene complexes were synthesized from these boryl complexes by halide abstraction by using weakly coordinating anions.
The beneficial effect of metformin on β‐cell function in non‐obese Chinese subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bi Y. , Tong G. Y. , Yang H. J. , Cai M. Y. , Ma J. H. , Liang J. , Xin B. , Miao H. , Peng Z. H. , Zhu D. L.
Published: August 2013

Aim

Studies with metformin suggest a favourable change in β‐cell function over sulphonylureas in the early course of obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but it remains unclear whether a similar effect is observed in non‐obese individuals. Here we investigated the effects of metformin or glipizide gastrointestinal therapeutics system extended‐release formulation (GITS) on β‐cell function in non‐obese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.

Methods

A total of 160 newly diagnosed patients with fasting glucose 7.0–13.0 mmol/L and body mass index <30 kg/m2 from five centres in China were randomized to metformin or glipizide GITS for 24 weeks. Early insulin secretion [the ratio of area under the curve (AUC) of insulin to glucose during 0–30 min (InsAUC30/GluAUC30)] and insulin sensitivity [Matsuda index (ISIM)] were assessed during the standard meal tolerance test before and after therapy. Plasma glucagon‐like peptide‐1(GLP‐1) and glucagon levels were also measured.

Results

Metformin improved InsAUC30/GluAUC30 significantly (from 8.1 ± 0.6 pmol/mmol to 10.7 ± 0.7 pmol/mmol, p < 0.05), comparable to results with glipizide GITS. In the metformin‐treated lean (body mass index < 25 kg/m2) subgroup, the increase in ISIM was not significant, but the improvement in InsAUC30/GluAUC30 was of great magnitude. Increased GLP‐1 responses during meal tolerance test and decreased fasting glucagon level were observed after metformin treatment. Correlation analysis showed that the improvement of InsAUC30/GluAUC30 was associated with the changes in HbA1c (r = −0.374, p = 0.000), ISIM (r = 0.356, p = 0.001), and ΔGLP‐10–30 (r = 0.225, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Metformin improved β‐cell function in non‐obese subjects with newly diagnosed T2DM, which was partly independent of the change in insulin sensitivity in these subjects. This study provides evidence‐based data to support metformin use in non‐obese patients with T2DM as the first‐line agent, which can improve both insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New insights into mRNA trafficking in axons
Authors: Gumy Laura F. , Katrukha Eugene A. , Kapitein Lukas C. , Hoogenraad Casper C.
Published: August 2013

In recent years, it has been demonstrated that mRNAs localize to axons of young and mature central and peripheral nervous system neurons in culture and in vivo. Increasing evidence is supporting a fundamental role for the local translation of these mRNAs in neuronal function by regulating axon growth, maintenance and regeneration after injury. Although most mRNAs found in axons are abundant transcripts and not restricted to the axonal compartment, they are sequestered into transport ribonucleoprotein particles and their axonal localization is likely the result of specific targeting rather than passive diffusion. It has been reported that long‐distance mRNA transport requires microtubule‐dependent motors, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the sorting and trafficking of mRNAs into axons have remained elusive. This review places particular emphasis on motor‐dependent transport of mRNAs and presents a mathematical model that describes how microtubule‐dependent motors can achieve targeted trafficking in axons. A future challenge will be to systematically explore how the numerous axonal mRNAs and RNA‐binding proteins regulate different aspects of specific axonal mRNA trafficking during development and after regeneration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 233–244, 2014
Molecular determinants of the axonal mRNA transcriptome
Authors: Gomes Cynthia , Merianda Tanuja T. , Lee Seung Joon , Yoo Soonmoon , Twiss Jeffery L.
Published: August 2013

Axonal protein synthesis has been shown to play a role in developmental and regenerative growth, as well as in cell body responses to axotomy. Recent studies have begun to identify the protein products that contribute to these autonomous responses of axons. In the peripheral nervous system, intra‐axonal protein synthesis has been implicated in the localized in vivo responses to neuropathic stimuli, and there is emerging evidence for protein synthesis in CNS axons in vivo. Despite that hundreds of mRNAs have now been shown to localize into the axonal compartment, knowledge of what RNA binding proteins are responsible for this is quite limited. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of RNA transport mechanisms and highlight recently uncovered mechanisms for dynamically altering the axonal transcriptome. Both changes in the levels or activities of components of the RNA transport apparatus and alterations in transcription of transported mRNAs can effectively shift the axonal mRNA population. Consistent with this, the axonal RNA population shifts with development, with changes in growth state, and in response to extracellular stimulation. Each of these events must impact the transcriptional and transport apparatuses of the neuron, thus directly and indirectly modifying the axonal transcriptome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 218–232, 2014
Revisiting the evidence linking Arctic amplification to extreme weather in midlatitudes
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2013

Previous studies have suggested that Arctic amplification has caused planetary‐scale waves to elongate meridionally and slow down, resulting in more frequent blocking patterns and extreme weather. Here trends in the meridional extent of atmospheric waves over North America and the North Atlantic are investigated in three reanalyses, and it is demonstrated that previously reported positive trends are likely an artifact of the methodology. No significant decrease in planetary‐scale wave phase speeds are found except in October‐November‐December, but this trend is sensitive to the analysis parameters. Moreover, the frequency of blocking occurrence exhibits no significant increase in any season in any of the three reanalyses, further supporting the lack of trends in wave speed and meridional extent. This work highlights that observed trends in midlatitude weather patterns are complex and likely not simply understood in terms of Arctic amplification alone.
Application of data assimilation in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model to the study of day‐to‐day variability in the middle and upper atmosphere
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Raeder K. , Anderson J. L. , Liu H.‐L.
Published: August 2013

The Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF) is employed to perform data assimilation in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). To demonstrate the potential of the WACCM+DART for studying short‐term variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), results are presented based on the assimilation of synthetic observations that are sampled from a known model truth. We assimilate temperature and wind from radiosondes and aircraft, satellite drift winds, and COSMIC refractivity in the lower atmosphere, and SABER temperature observations in the middle/upper atmosphere. Relative to an unconstrained WACCM simulation, the assimilation of only lower atmosphere observations reduces the global root mean square error (RMSE) in zonal wind by up to 40% at MLT altitudes. Using data assimilation to constrain the lower atmosphere can therefore provide significant insight into MLT variability. The RMSE in the MLT is reduced by an additional 10–15% when SABER observations are also assimilated. The WACCM+DART is shown to be able to reproduce the large‐scale features of the day‐to‐day variability in the zonal mean, migrating, and nonmigrating tides in the MLT. Though our simulation results are based on idealized conditions, they demonstrate that the WACCM+DART can reproduce the day‐to‐day variability in the MLT. Assimilation of real observations in the WACCM+DART will therefore enable significant insight into the real day‐to‐day dynamical variability from the surface to the lower thermosphere.
A single nucleotide polymorphism on the GALNT14 gene as an effective predictor of response to chemotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yeh Chau‐Ting , Liang Kung‐Hao , Lin Chen‐Chun , Chang Ming‐Ling , Hsu Cheng‐Lung , Hung Chien‐Fu
Published: August 2013

Previously, a pilot genome‐wide association study has identified candidate single nucleotide polymorphism predictors for the therapeutic response of 5‐fluorouracil, mitoxantrone and cisplatin (FMP) combination chemotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we conducted a prospective confirmatory study to examine the predictive value of rs9679162 (located on GALNT14 gene) for the therapeutic responses using a split‐dose FMP protocol. One hundred and seven advanced HCC patients receiving split‐dose FMP therapy were enrolled. All patients were in Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer Stage C with either main portal vein thrombosis and/or distant metastasis. Of them, 105 (98.1%) were Child‐Pugh classification B. GALNT14 genotype was determined before therapy. Of the patients included, 28 were rs9679162 “TT” and 79 were “non‐TT” (“GG” + “GT”) genotype. The median overall survival, time‐to‐progression, response rate and disease control rate were (“TT” versus “non‐TT”) 6.8 versus 3.9 months (p < 0.001), 3.9 versus 2.1 months (p < 0.001), 28.6% versus 10.1% (p = 0.029) and 35.7% versus 15.2% (p = 0.030), respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that rs9679162 genotype was an independent predictor for overall survival (p = 0.002). Categorical analysis showed that 17 patients with “TT” genotype, tumor size < 10 cm and neutrophils < 74% had a median overall survival of 25.5 months and a therapeutic response rate of 47.1%. In conclusion, this prospective study confirmed that GALN14 genotype (rs9679162) was an effective predictor for therapeutic outcome in advanced HCC patients treated by FMP chemotherapy. Combining GALNT14 genotype and clinical parameters, a subgroup of patients with excellent outcome was identified.
Low level epifluorescent detection of nanoparticles and DNA on dielectrophoretic microarrays
Authors: McCanna James P. , Sonnenberg Avery , Heller Michael J.
Published: August 2013

Common epifluorescent microscopy lacks the sensitivity to detect low levels of analytes directly in clinical samples, such as drug delivery nanoparticles or disease related DNA biomarkers. Advanced systems such as confocal microscopes may improve detection, but several factors limit their applications. This study now demonstrates that combining an epifluorescent microscope with a dielectrophoretic (DEP) microelectrode array device enables the detection of nanoparticles and DNA biomarkers at clinically relevant levels. Using DEP microarray devices, nanoparticles and DNA biomarkers are rapidly isolated and concentrated onto specific microscopic locations where they are easily detected by epifluorescent microscopy. In this study, 40nm nanoparticles were detected down to 2–3 × 103/ul levels and DNA was detected down to the 200 pg/ml level. The synergy of epifluorescent microscopy and DEP microarray devices provides a new paradigm for DNA biomarker diagnostics and the monitoring of drug delivery nanoparticle concentrations. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Smad7 Modulates TGFβ Signaling During Cranial Suture Development to Maintain Suture Patency
Authors: Zhou Hao , Zou Shujuan , Lan Yu , Fei Wei , Jiang Rulang , Hu Jing
Published: August 2013

Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of one or more sutures between the calvarial bones, is a common birth defect. Mutations in genes encoding receptors for the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) family of signaling molecules have been associated with craniosynostosis, but how TGFβ signaling is regulated during suture development is not known. In the present study, we found that expression of Smad2 and Smad3, intracellular mediators of canonical TGFβ signaling, gradually increases during early postnatal suture development in rat in both the coronal suture (CS), which remains patent throughout life, and the posterior frontal suture (PFS), which undergoes programmed closure by postnatal day 22. The amounts of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 proteins showed a similar gradual increase in the PFS and CS, but in the CS, Smad2/3 activation was suppressed after neonatal day 10. The suppression of Smad2/3 activation in the CS correlated with upregulation of Smad7 expression. We demonstrate that siRNA-mediated knockdown of Smad7 caused increased phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 and induced osseous obliteration of the CS from postnatal days 10 to 22. The Smad7 siRNA-induced CS closure was associated with significantly increased levels of Fgf10 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 in the suture mesenchyme. Moreover, addition of the Erk1/2 inhibitor U0126 partially blocked Smad7-siRNA–induced CS closure. These findings suggest that canonical TGFβ signaling induces suture closure at least in part through activation of FGF and ERK signaling and that Smad7 plays an important role in maintaining suture patency by suppressing canonical TGFβ signaling during suture development. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bone Histomorphometry of Transiliac Paired Bone Biopsies After 6 or 12 Months of Treatment With Oral Strontium Ranelate in 387 Osteoporotic Women: Randomized Comparison to Alendronate
Authors: Chavassieux Pascale , Meunier Pierre J , Roux Jean Paul , Portero-Muzy Nathalie , Pierre Marlène , Chapurlat Roland
Published: August 2013

Preclinical studies indicate that strontium ranelate (SrRan) induces opposite effects on bone osteoblasts and osteoclasts, suggesting that SrRan may have a dual action on both formation and resorption. By contrast, alendronate (ALN) is a potent antiresorptive agent. In this multicenter, international, double-blind, controlled study conducted in 387 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, transiliac bone biopsies were performed at baseline and after 6 or 12 months of treatment with either SrRan 2 g per day (n = 256) or alendronate 70 mg per week (n = 131). No deleterious effect on mineralization of SrRan or ALN was observed. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) population (268 patients with paired biopsy specimens), changes in static and dynamic bone formation parameters were always significantly higher with ALN compared with SrRan at month 6 (M6) and month 12 (M12). Static parameters of formation were maintained between baseline and the last value with SrRan, except for osteoblast surfaces, which decreased at M6. Significant decreases in the dynamic parameters of formation (mineralizing surface, bone formation rate, adjusted apposition rate, activation frequency) were noted at M6 and M12 in SrRan. Compared with ALN, the bone formation parameters at M6 and M12 were always significantly higher (p < 0.001) with SrRan. ALN, but not SrRan, decreased resorption parameters. Compared with the baseline paired biopsy specimens, wall thickness was significantly decreased at M6 but not at M12 and cancellous bone structure parameters (trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, number of nodes/tissue volume) were significantly decreased at M12 with SrRan; none of these changes were significantly different from ALN. In conclusion, this large controlled paired biopsy study over 1 year shows that the bone formation remains higher with a lower diminution of the bone remodeling with SrRan versus ALN. From these results, SrRan did not show a significant anabolic action on bone remodeling. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Safety and efficacy of autologous hemopoietic progenitor cell collection in tandem with hemodialysis in multiple myeloma with myeloma cast nephropathy
Authors: Weinstein Robert , Kershaw Glen , Bailey Jeff , Greene Mindy , Chhibber Vishesh , Vauthrin Michelle , Nath Rajneesh , Galvin Karr Eileen
Published: August 2013

Autologous hemopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) collection is the most frequent indication for an apheresis procedure in patients with multiple myeloma, up to 10% of whom may also require hemodialysis because of myeloma kidney. We investigated whether HPC collection could be performed in tandem with hemodialysis, to avoid extra outpatient visits for extracorporeal procedures, without compromising the efficacy of the hemodialysis, the HPC collection efficiency (CE) or patient safety. Four dialysis‐dependent patients with multiple myeloma underwent 5 large volume leukapheresis HPC collections in tandem with hemodialysis. Under our protocol, all of the blood processed through the apheresis instrument was dialyzed against a standard calcium‐rich bath prior to being returned to the patient, therefore no supplemental calcium was needed. No significant changes in pulse rate (P = 0.625) or mean arterial pressure (P = 0.188) were noted between the start and end of the procedures. The patients exhibited no signs or symptoms of hypocalcemia or other adverse effects. Calculated urea reduction ratios ranged between 62.5 and 73.9%, and HPC CE was between 53 and 84% for 4 of the 5 procedures, indicating that there was no compromise of either procedure when performed in tandem. Ionized calcium measured at the beginning, midpoint and end of every procedure did not change (P = 0.954). The two patients who proceeded to autologous HPC transplant engrafted on Days 11 and 10, respectively. We conclude that autologous HPC collection can safely be performed in tandem with hemodialysis without compromising the efficacy of dialysis, HPC CE, or patient safety. J. Clin. Apheresis 29:83–89, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Malignant Mesothelioma: Development to Therapy
Authors: Thompson Joyce K. , Westbom Catherine M. , Shukla Arti
Published: August 2013

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer of the mesothelium caused by asbestos. Asbestos use has been reduced but not completely stopped. In addition, natural or man‐made disasters will continue to dislodge asbestos from old buildings into the atmosphere and as long as respirable asbestos is available, MM will continue to be a threat. Due to the long latency period of MM development, it would still take decades to eradicate this disease if asbestos was completely removed from our lives today. Therefore, there is a need for researchers and clinicians to work together to understand this deadly disease and find a solution for early diagnosis and treatment. This article focuses on developmental mechanisms as well as current therapies available for MM. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1–7, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of fludarabine on the pharmacokinetics of oral busulfan during pretransplant conditioning for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: de Castro Francine Attié , Lanchote Vera Lucia , Voltarelli Julio Cesar , Colturato Virgílio Antônio Rensi , Simões Belinda Pinto
Published: August 2013

This study evaluated the influence of fludarabine on the pharmacokinetics of busulfan administered orally to patients receiving a conditioning regimen for hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Twenty‐six patients treated with oral busulfan (1 mg/kg/6 h for 4 days) were divided into two groups according to the concomitant administration of fludarabine (n = 11; 30 mg/m2 for 5 days) or subsequent administration of cyclophosphamide (n = 15; 60 mg/kg for 2 days). Serial blood samples were collected on Day 4 of busulfan administration. Plasma busulfan concentrations were determined by HPLC‐UV and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the WinNonlin program. Patients concomitantly treated with fludarabine showed reduced apparent clearance of busulfan (110.5 mL/h/kg vs. 157.4 mL/h/kg) and higher AUC0–6 (area under the plasma concentrations vs. time curve) than patients subsequently treated with cyclophosphamide (7.9 µg h/mL vs. 5.7 µg h/mL). No association was observed between busulfan AUC0–6 and clinical evolution of the patients. Although plasma busulfan concentrations were higher in patients receiving concomitant fludarabine, myelosuppression‐related toxicity was less frequent than in patients treated with busulfan and cyclophosphamide. The results suggest that patients treated with fludarabine should receive 30% lower busulfan doses during conditioning protocols for HSCT.
Atmospheric response to sea surface temperature mesoscale structures
Authors: Lambaerts J. , Lapeyre G. , Plougonven R. , Klein P.
Published: August 2013

Recent studies have revealed that strong sea surface temperature (SST) fronts, on the scale of a Western Boundary Current, significantly affect not just the Marine Boundary Layer but the entire troposphere. This has aroused renewed interest in air‐sea interactions. The present study investigates the atmospheric response to fixed SST anomalies associated with mesoscale oceanic eddies and submesoscale filaments, using idealized simulations. Our main result is that in weak wind conditions, the vertical velocity in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is linearly proportional to the SST Laplacian. This is established by a quantitative analysis in the spatial space as well as in the spectral space. Comparing the responses to two different SST fields shows that vertical velocities are much more intense when the submesoscales are more energetic. These results hold for different configurations of the atmospheric large‐scale state and for different PBL parameterizations. Surface winds play the role of low‐pass filter and reduce the response at the smaller scales. To our knowledge, this study is the first to clearly reveal the high impact of oceanic submesoscales on the atmospheric boundary layer at midlatitudes, as well as the direct link between the vertical velocity and the SST Laplacian.
Two Questions of Erdős on Hypergraphs above the Turán Threshold
Authors: Markström Klas
Published: August 2013

For ordinary graphs it is known that any graph G with more edges than the Turán number of must contain several copies of , and a copy of , the complete graph on vertices with one missing edge. Erdős asked if the same result is true for , the complete 3‐uniform hypergraph on s vertices. In this note, we show that for small values of n, the number of vertices in G, the answer is negative for . For the second property, that of containing a , we show that for the answer is negative for all large n as well, by proving that the Turán density of is greater than that of .
Carbon‐14 labeling of K777•HCl, a therapeutic agent for Chagas disease
Authors: Rhee Sung‐Whi , Bradford Wallace W. , Malerich Jeremiah P. , Tanga Mary J.
Published: August 2013

The antitrypanosomal agent K777•HCl was labeled with carbon‐14 to support absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies of this potential new drug for the treatment of Chagas disease. The radiolabeled compound was prepared in eight steps from [14C(U)]‐(l)‐phenylalanine with a specific activity of 54.4 mCi/mmol and an overall radiochemical yield of 4.1%.
Body MRI artifacts in clinical practice: A physicist's and radiologist's perspective
Authors: Graves Martin J. , Mitchell Donald G.
Published: August 2013

The high information content of MRI exams brings with it unintended effects, which we call artifacts. The purpose of this review is to promote understanding of these artifacts, so they can be prevented or properly interpreted to optimize diagnostic effectiveness. We begin by addressing static magnetic field uniformity, which is essential for many techniques, such as fat saturation. Eddy currents, resulting from imperfect gradient pulses, are especially problematic for new techniques that depend on high performance gradient switching. Nonuniformity of the transmit radiofrequency system constitutes another source of artifacts, which are increasingly important as magnetic field strength increases. Defects in the receive portion of the radiofrequency system have become a more complex source of problems as the number of radiofrequency coils, and the sophistication of the analysis of their received signals, has increased. Unwanted signals and noise spikes have many causes, often manifesting as zipper or banding artifacts. These image alterations become particularly severe and complex when they are combined with aliasing effects. Aliasing is one of several phenomena addressed in our final section, on artifacts that derive from encoding the MR signals to produce images, also including those related to parallel imaging, chemical shift, motion, and image subtraction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:269–287. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Virological diagnosis and management of two cases of congenital measles
Authors: Giusti Delphine , Burette Julie , Nguyen Yohan , Lévêque Nicolas , Graesslin Olivier , Andreoletti Laurent
Published: August 2013

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection causing congenital infections with a risk of neurological complications in the newborn. Two cases of measles, which occurred in pregnant women within 14 days before the delivery, are described. Mother‐to‐child transmission of the virus was documented in the newborns either by RT‐PCR in saliva or by IgM detection in blood. The measles strains evidenced in saliva samples were genotyped and belonged to the D4 Genotype. An early viral RT‐PCR detection allowed successful immunoglobulin prophylaxis in one newborn taking into account that the duration between the onset of the skin rash in the mother and the delivery was less than 6 days. Twenty‐four months later, none of the newborns developed classical or neurological clinical signs of measles infection. Measles RT‐PCR assay in salivary samples can be used before symptoms develop in the infant to confirm early mother‐to‐child transmission, therefore permitting the use of an immunoglobulin prophylaxis in the newborn. J. Med. Virol. 85:2136–2138, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.