bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Mold Fluid Flow on a New Type Nozzle Bottom in Continuous Casting of Steel
Authors: Ji Chuan Bo , Li Jing She , Lin Xiao Chuan
Published: July 2011

There are many serious problems are directly associated with the flow pattern in the mold in the continuous casting of steel process. The nozzle flow plays an important role in determining the mold flow pattern and to minimize casting defects. In this work a new type nozzle designed for a slab casting mold is developed. The 3-D steady k-ε finite-volume model has been applied to study the turbulent flow in nozzle and mold, which predict velocities agree with the impeller measurements in the water model well. The results show that nozzles with a mountain bottom are more impressionable to problems from asymmetric flow and large fluctuation on the mold surface. The impact of liquid at wave bottom nozzle can suppress the jet flow effectively and reduce the velocity variation.
Research on Steelmaking Dust Based on Difference of Mn,Fe and Mo Vapor Pressure
Authors: Zhu Rong , Bi Xiu Rong , Lv Ming , Liu Run Zao , Bao Xiang
Published: July 2011

Based on difference of Mn，Fe and Mo vapor pressure，Fe-Mn，Fe-Mo alloys were added into induction furnace and steelmaking dust was collected during smelting process，whose granularity was analyzed by granulometer，microscopic structure and energy spectrum were analyzed by SEM to study characteristics of dust and ulteriorly to explore mechanism of dust generation. It was showed that the mechanism of dust generation was “evaporation theory” and “bubble theory”，dust lied in evaporation had uniform distribution，granularity and element distribution，Mn/Fe ratio of dust was larger than that in molten pool. However, dust caused by spitting or bubbles from molten metal surface had remarkable aggregation，nonuniform granularity and element segregation，Mn/Fe ratio was equal to that in molten pool.
Effects of Rare Earth on the Impact Toughness of High-Carbon Steel
Authors: Liu Cheng Jun , Liu Hong Liang , Li Chun Long , Jiang Mao Fa
Published: July 2011

The effects and mechanism of cerium, lanthanum and cerium-lanthanum alloys on microstructure and the impact toughness of high-carbon steel were studied in the present work. For high-carbon steel, the state and the content of RE were measured, and the effects and the mechanism of RE on sulfide inclusions, microstructure and the impact toughness of steel were determined. With increasing the RE addition, the sulfide inclusion can be changed from strip-like, spindle, ellipsoidal and spheric in shape. Strip-like sulfide disappears in high-carbon steel with the RE addition being 0.05%. A small quantity of RE can fine the austenitic grain, decrease the height of the SKK peak of the internal friction curve, and improve the impact toughness of high-carbon steel evidently. And the effects of lanthanum on fining the austenitic grain and improving the impact toughness is the largest, next to that of cerium-lanthanum alloys, and that of cerium is the least, which can be verified by the internal friction experiments.
Adaptive Neural Network Modelling in Fatigue life Prediction under Load History effects
Authors: Razzaq M. Abdul , Ariffin Kamal A. , El Shafie Ahmed , Abdullah Shahrum , Sajuri Z. , Akeel N.A.
Published: July 2011

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and in particular, adaptive neural networks (ANN) have been commonly used in order to Fatigue life prediction. The aim of this paper is to consider a new crack propagation principle based on simulating experimental tests on three point-bend (TPB) specimens, which allow predicting the fatigue life and fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). An important part of this paper is estimation of FCG rate related to different load histories. The effects of different load histories on the crack growth life are obtained in different representative simulation and experiments.
Study on Smelting High-Al Cold Heading Steel SWRCH6A Using Single-Slag Process
Authors: Wang Hai Chuan , Sun Wei , Wang Jian Jun , Lie Jie , Wang Kai Zhong , Wu Jian , Zhao Bin
Published: July 2011

Based on the actual process for smelting cold heading steel, this article adopts the single-slag process to smelt the low-carbon, low-silicon and high-alumina cold heading steel SWRCH6A, so as to study the effect of technological factors of the smelting process on the change of molten steel component in various working procedures and steel properties. The results show that, the smelting process control level for smelting high-Al cold heading steel using single-slag process is improved, the content change for main elements in the steel, w[Al]t and calcium treatment effect are stable, w[C] and w[Si] have a close relationship with w[P] and w[S]. The calcium yield after calcium treatment by single-slag process has a linear relation with w[Ca], and ηCa=2323.4*w[Ca] -1.040. The maximum calcium yield may reach 21%. All the mechanical properties of cold heading steel exceed the ML08Al standard. The smelting cold heading steel using single-slag process can fully reach the property requirements for cold heading steel grade.
Influence of Sijiaying Iron Ore on the Structure of Sinter
Authors: Liu Li Na , Han Xiu Li , Li Chang Cun , Li Jie
Published: July 2011

Microstructure and quality of sinter of Sijiaying iron ore were studied systematically by means of optical microscope. Results show that the content of sinter of different ratio of Sijiaying iron ore are simple, the content of metal phase are magnetite and hematite, binding phases mainly are calcium ferrite and dicalcium silicate, and the contents of calcium ferrite are higher. The whole microstructure of sinter is uniform, which is interweaving corroded structure. The magnetites are major tiny allotriomorphic crystal. The shape of calcium ferrite is needle-like. The quality of sinter can meet the production request when the proportions of Sijiaying iron ore are from 50% to 100%.
Potential Applications of Foam Ceramics in Gas Explosion Prevention
Authors: Nie Bai Sheng , Zhang Ru Ming , He Xue Qiu , Li Xiang Chun , Wang Hui , Zhai Sheng Rui
Published: July 2011

Explosion suppression and isolation apparatus act as the last barrier to minimize casualties and property loss. Regrettably, the present techniques, such as water tubs and dust barriers, cannot effectively suppress multiple and continuous explosions. Being a porous medium, foam ceramics are characterized with large porosity and strong resistance against high temperature and shocks. Theoretical analysis and experimental study suggest that, due to numerous collisions with the walls in foam ceramics, the free radicals –generated in the chemical reactions of gas combustion and responsible for flame propagation, can be significantly destroyed, the reactive heat release be restrained, thus making the chemical reactions non-self-sustained. As a result, flame propagation is quenched. Furthermore, foam ceramics can markedly attenuate shock waves. Thus, if properly designed and arranged in the roadways, the material is expected to become a new-generation gas explosion suppression and isolation method in coal mines.
Preparation of Porous Catalyst Support with Gangue of Bauxite Tailing
Authors: Liu Da Cheng , Liu Shi Zhe , Hao Bin , Li Yue
Published: July 2011

Porous catalyst support was prepared using gangue of bauxite tailing which was a solid waste material. It was found that the mass ratio of gangue of bauxite and knar clay was 4: 1. The masses of cellulose and water were individually 1 wt% and 25 wt% of the total mass of gangue of bauxite tailing and knar clay. The pore forming agent M was optimum among the selected pore forming agents. The pore forming agent M didn’t residue in support after sintering so that the support wasn’t polluted. The appropriate addition of the pore forming agent M was 4%, and the catalyst support with the porosity of 41.3% was preparated. The appropriate sintering temperature and holding time were 1250 °C and 2.0 h, respectively. Mullite and quartz were the main mineral phase of the porous catalyst support and the catalyst support have good chemical stability and heat-resisting property.
Influence of Heat Treatment on Glaze Melting Characteristics
Authors: Ma Tian Fei , Liu Guo Qi , Yu Jian Bin , Yang Wen Gang
Published: July 2011

Using SiO2 – Al2O3 – B2O3 – K2O – Na2O system glaze as base material, under different temperature, sintering states of glaze were test. The influence of heat treatment on glaze melting characteristics was study. The results show that high heat treatment temperature can debase softening point, raise flow point, extend melting temperature range, long heat treatment time.has little effect on glaze melting characteristics.
Function Basis for Mechatronic System Design
Authors: Xu Yong
Published: July 2011

A new function-oriented theoretical basis for mechatronic system design is presented in the paper, with a technology-independent functional description of such aspects in a mechatronic system as 1) relations and distinctions among purpose function, transformation function and state transition and 2) structure of information processing. All discussions are summarized in a set of principles, which consequently form the basis for devising design models and methods for mechatronic systems.
Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of 0.82Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.18Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Yan Jie , Chu Rui Qing , Xu Zhi Jun , Chen Qian , Liu Yong
Published: July 2011

La2O3-doped lead-free 0.82Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.18Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 (abbreviated to 0.82BNT-0.18BKT) piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by the conventional mixed-oxide method, and the effect of La2O3 addition on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that La2O3 diffuses into the lattice of the 0.82BNT-0.18BKT ceramics to form a solid solution with a pure perovskite structure. SEM images indicate that the grain size of the 0.82BNT-0.18BKT ceramics increased with the addition of La2O3 doping. The electrical properties of 0.82BNT-0.18BKT ceramics have been greatly improved by certain amount of La2O3 substitutions. At room temperature, the 0.82BNT-0.18BKT ceramics doped with 0.25 wt. % La2O3 exhibited the optimum properties with high piezoelectric constant (d33 = 142 pC/N) and high planar coupling factor (kp = 0.23).
The Study of the Oxygen Permeability of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ Membranes after Laser Ablation
Authors: Shen Zi Gang , Guo Xiao Rui , Li Dong
Published: July 2011

The surfaces of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCFO) membranes were decorated by laser ablation treatment in order to increase the specific surface of these membranes. Arc shape stripes with width about 150µm and depth about 25µm were formed on the surface of these membranes. The oxygen permeation fluxes through these membranes were measured. Comparing with the membrane without laser ablation treatment, the oxygen permeation fluxes through the membranes with cross stripes pattern decorated on both sides after laser ablation treatment can increase by 34.7%.
Structural Characteristics and Dielectric Properties of Nd-Doped SrTiO3 Ceramics by Introducing Ti Vacancies for Valence Compensation
Authors: Shen Zong Yang , Li Yue Ming , Wang Zhu Mei , Hong Yan , Liao Run Hua
Published: July 2011

By introducing Ti vacancies for valence compensation, Nd-doped SrTiO3 ceramics yielding the formula NdxSr1-xTi1-x/4O3 (0≤x≤0.200) were successfully prepared by solid state reaction route in air. All the ceramics had single perovskite structure indexed by XRD profiles, while the symmetry changed from cubic to tetragonal with increasing x value. The grain size markedly decreased from ~30 μm for un-doped SrTiO3 ceramics to ~1 μm for NdxSr1-xTi1-x/4O3 ceramics with x=0.024, which was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The dielectric properties were measured at 1 kHz in ambient temperature. The dielectric constant was found to be leading to a maximum value of 5410 for as-sintered sample with x=0.104. The breakdown strength of all NdxSr1-xTi1-x/4O3 samples was examined to be higher than 10 kV/mm. These results indicated that Nd-doped SrTiO3 ceramics could be used to fabricate high voltage capacitors with enhanced energy storage density.
Preparation and Dielectric Properties of Li2O Doped BaZr0.25Ti0.75O3 Ceramics
Authors: Chen Di , Deng Xiang Yun , Li Jian Bao , Wang Li Ming , Wu Xin Zheng , Zhang Hai Tao , Chen Ri Ke
Published: July 2011

BaZr0.25Ti0.75O3 (BZT) ceramics were prepared by conventional ceramic process at a relatively low sintering temperature and with an addition of Li2O as the liquid-phase sintering aid. X-ray diffraction characterized results showed that the main crystal phase of the samples with 1.0wt% Li2O additive sintered at 1050°C～1250°C for 4h presented perovskite structure. The dielectric properties of BZT ceramics have been investigated. The dielectric constant of 1.0wt% Li2O doped BZT sintered at 1150°C decreased, and the dielectric loss increased by 0.0012 compared with that of the pure BZT sintered at 1450°C.
Preparation of High-Purity Titanium by Molten-Salt Electrolysis Process
Authors: Yuan Tie Chui , Weng Qi Gang , Zhou Zhi Hui , Li Jian , He Yue Hui
Published: July 2011

Titanium sponge is used as anode, titanium plate as cathode and NaCl-KCl-TiClx molten salt as electrolyte, to prepare high purity titanium by molten-salt electrolysis at 900~980°C. The effects of feeding TiCl4 temperature, electrolytic temperature, soluble titanium concentration and cathode current density on the content of impurities of cathode products have been studied. The results show that the impurities in product can be controlled when the temperature of feeding and electrolyte is higher. The final product with different morphology and degree of purity can be prepared by controlling the soluble titanium concentration and cathode current density.
Effect of Er on Ignition-Proof Property of Mg-Zn Alloys
Authors: Zhang Jian Fen , Wang Zhao Hui , Wang Xu Dong , Du Wen Bo
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the effect of Er element on ignition-proof property of Mg-Zn alloys was studied. XRD, SEM and EDS were used to investigate the ignition-proof performance and the oxidation film of the alloys. The element of Er tended to enrich in the surface of molten magnesium alloys during the oxidation process. And the oxidation film was composed of MgO and Er2O3. With the Er content in Mg-Zn alloy increasing, the content of Er2O3 in oxidation film increases and the ignition point of Mg-Zn alloys rise. So Er can improve the ignition-proof properties of Mg-Zn alloys greatly.
Preparation and Characterization of As-Cast and Hot-Rolled Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-1Ce Alloy
Authors: Wang Jian Li , Li Jian Ping , Wang Li Min , Wang Li Dong
Published: July 2011

Mg-5Al-0.3Mn-1Ce alloy was prepared by metal mould casting method. The as-cast ingot was homogenized and hot-rolled with total thickness reduction of 61% after four passes. Texture, microstructure and mechanical properties of the studied alloy were investigated. Results showed that the as-cast sample was mainly composed of a-Mg, Mg17Al12 and Al11Ce3 phases. Average grain size of the as-cast sample was about 500 μm. After hot-rolling, average grain size was greatly refined to about 20 μm. Further more, the long acicular Al11Ce3 phase was smashed to small pieces. Tensile test results demonstrated that ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the hot-rolled sample were improved by 65.2% and 165% respectively compared with those of the as-cast sample. Strength enhancement was attributed to grain refining strengthening and dislocation strengthening mechanisms.
Microstructure and Creep Property of As-Cast Mg-6Al-XSr(x=0, 2, 3) Alloys
Authors: Wu Yu Feng , Du Wen Bo , Zhang Yi Nan , Zuo Tie Yong
Published: July 2011

The microstructure and creep property of as-cast Mg-6Al-xSr(x=0, 2,3) alloys were studied. Results showed that the branch-like Al4Sr phase is the main precipitating phase in these alloys containing Sr. Their secondary creep rates under the applied stress of 70MPa at 175°Cdecreased with the increasing in the content of Sr and reached the minimum value of 1.4×10-8s-1 in the Mg-6Al-3Sr alloy, which is one thirtieth of secondary creep rates of the Mg-6Al alloy. It was mainly attributed to Al4Sr, which effectively hindered the grain boundaries sliding and dislocation motion in the creep.
Microstructures of Low Angle Boundaries of the Second Generation Single Crystal Superalloy DD6
Authors: Shi Zhen Xue , Li Jia Rong , Liu Shi Zhong , Zhao Jin Qian
Published: July 2011

The specimens of low angle boundaries were machined from the second generation single crystal superalloy DD6 blades. The microstructures of low angle boundaries (LAB) were investigated from three scales of dendrite, γ′ phase and atom with optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transition electron microscope (TEM) and high resolution transmission electrion microscopy (HREM). The results showed that on the dendrite scale LAB is interdendrite district formed by three dimensional curved face between the adjacent dendrites. On the γ′ phase scale LAB is composed by a thin layer γ phase and its bilateral imperfect cube γ′ phase. On the atom scale LAB is made up of dislocations within several atom thickness.
Study on the Initial Discontinuity State Distribution of LY12CZ Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Han Wei , Yu Da Zhao , Fan Qing He
Published: July 2011

The initial discontinuity state (IDS) concept was developed just several years ago in an attempt to describe the as-manufactured or as-produced state of material. As a geometric and material characteristic, IDS is the major parameter of holistic life assessment methodology which establishes the initial analysis condition. In this paper, a number of IDS values were determined for several types of smooth specimens. A crack growth analysis software was used to develop the IDS. The results obtained indicate that the calculated IDS values scatter widely. A statistical analysis shows that the distribution of the calculated IDS values fit well with Weibull distribution.
Enhanced Tensile Ductility of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Qiao Jun , Wang Yu , Shi Guo Dong , Nie Bao Xin
Published: July 2011

Tensile behaviors of extruded and rolled AZ80 Mg alloy were investigated with elongation-to-failure tensile tests at constant temperatures of 300 °C, 350 °C, 400 °C, and 450 °C, and constant strain rates of 10-2 s-1 and 10-3 s-1. Experimental data show that the material exhibits tensile ductilities of over 100% at 400 °C and 450 °C, featured by long steady state deformation. Microstructure studies show that annealed coarse grains were remained in the gauge region during the tensile tests, and the enhanced tensile ductilities resulted from dislocation creep, other than dynamic recrystallization or grain boundary sliding. Cavity evolution and recrystallized coarse grains near fracture end caused premature failure of the material.
Spark Plasma Sintering of Al6061 and Al2124 Alloys
Authors: Nouari Saheb
Published: July 2011

Recently spark plasma sintering has been proven to be effective non-traditional powder metallurgy technique to sinter fully dense materials in short sintering times at relatively low sintering temperatures and without a binder or pre-compaction step. Despite the importance of aluminum based alloys as candidate materials for applications in aerospace and automotive industries because of their light weight, very little work was dedicated to spark plasma processing of these materials. In this work we explored the possibility to process Al2124 and Al6061 alloys using spark plasma sintering technique. The sample were sintered for 20 minutes at 400, 450 and 500°C using fully automated FCT system spark plasma sintering equipment. A scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the microstructure of sintered samples. The density and Vickers microhardness of the sintered samples were measured using an electronic densimeter and a digital microhardness tester respectively. The hardness and density of the spark plasma sintered samples were reported as a function of sintering temperature. It was found that full density (100 % of the theoretical density) was achieved with sintering for 20 minutes at 450°C for Al6061 alloy and at 500°C for Al2124 alloy. The density and microhardness of the sintered samples increased with the increase of sintering temperature.
The Effects of Cooling Holes on the Creep Life in a Modeling Specimen of Single Crystal Air-Cooled Turbine Blade
Authors: Liu Da Shun , Wang Bai Zhi , Wen Zhi Xun , Yue Zhu Feng
Published: July 2011

This paper presents the study of the influences of cooling holes on the creep life behavior in the modeling specimen of single crystal cooling turbine blade at high temperature. Thin-walled cylindrical specimens with holes are tested to model the air-cooled turbine blade. Specimens without holes are also studied to make comparisons. Experimental results show that at 900°C, the creep lives of specimens with holes are longer than those of specimens without holes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses reveal that creep deformations occur firstly around the cooling holes and finally rupture at the region with low stress and strain. Finite element analyses are used to study the creep damage development by a K-R damage model which has been implemented into the Abaqus user subroutine (UMAT). Simulation results show that stress concentration and redistribution occur around the cooling holes during the creep development. It is also shown that the maximum strain and stress are around the cooling holes which are the initial rupture region in the experiments.
EBSD Study on Boundaries and Texture of 1235 Aluminum Alloy Affected by Strain Rates
Authors: Yan Wen Duan , Fu Gao Sheng , Chen Gui Qing , Cheng Chao Zeng
Published: July 2011

Texutre evolution of 1235 aluminum alloy deformed at different strain rates was studied by dynamic thermal-simulated technology with the aid of some modern analytical and testing technique called election backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that the effect of strain rate on grain boundary and deformation texture of 1235 aluminum alloy was obvious. At deformation temperature for 400°C and distortion for 50%, the value of the maximum density level came to the minimum by 11.489 at the strain rate for 0.01s-1. The texture was weaker for the grains were less likely to rotate. The relative volume of textures increased as the strain rate increasing. The relative volume of textures was merely 1.95% at strain rate for 0.01s-1 but ascended to 5.4% at strain rate for 50s-1.
Research of Hot Ductility for ML40Cr with Cold Forging Steel
Authors: Liu Zhan Ying , Zhang Hong Qi , Hou Yue Hua
Published: July 2011

Hot ductility of ML40Cr steel at the temperatures from 700°C to 1300°C was measured on simulator Gleeble-1500. The results are as follows: the hot ductility reduces in temperature range of 950°C to 1300°C, and increases in temperature range of 700°C to 950°C. The reduction of cross section area is reduced obvious in temperature range of 950°C to 1300°C, and Extensibility fall is slow. The best hot ductility of ML40Cr steel is 950°C.
Thermalstability of Polyclonal Antibody to Salmonella typhimurium on a Magnetostrictive Sensor Platform
Authors: Hu Jing , Guntupalli R , Lakshmanan Ramji S , Chin Bryan
Published: July 2011

Thermalstability of polyclonal antibodies to Salmonella typhimurium was investigated by studying the effect of temperature on the binding activity to Salmonella typhimurium using a magnetostrictive platform. Antibodies were immobilized using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Then sensors were stored at temperatures of, 25°C (room temperature), 45°C and 65°C, respectively, and then the ability of these sensors to detect S. typhimurium was tested at a predetermined schedule. Changes in the fundamental resonance frequency of sensors after exposure to 1 ml of 1×109cfu/ml of S. typhimurium were recorded over the testing period. The shift in resonance frequency was attributed to the binding of bacteria to antibody immobilized sensor. The results showed that at each temperature, the binding ability of the antibody to S. typhimurium decreased gradually over the testing period, and the higher the temperature, the lower the longevity of the polyclonal antibody. The longevity of polyclonal antibody on the magnetostrictive sensor platform was about 30, 8 and 5 days at room temperature (25°C), 45°C and 65°C, respectively.
Bioceramic Hydroxyapatite Granules for Purification of Biotechnological Products
Authors: Lakevics Vitalijs , Locs Janis , Loca Dagnija , Stepanova Valentina , Berzina-Cimdina Liga , Pelss Juris
Published: July 2011

Sorption experiments of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramic granules, prepared at three temperatures 900°C, 1000°C and 1150°C were performed at room temperature 18,6 °C and phosphate buffer, pH 5,83; 6.38 and 7,39. Thermal treatment contributed to the decrease of bovine serum albumin immobilization indicating that sorption process depended on HAp ceramics specific surface area and pH values of phosphate buffer solution. However, it was confirmed that granule size was also an important parameter for bovine serum albumin adsorption. As a result of these experiments, the most appropriate adsorption conditions and phosphate buffer pH values influence on to BSA sorption were analyzed.
Preparation and Application of Hydrophobically Associating Cationic Polyacrylamide
Authors: Wu Wei Bing , Liu Bin , Zhou Xiao Fan , Jing Yi , Dai Hong Qi
Published: July 2011

“Water-in-water” emulsions of hydrophobically associating cationic polyacrylamide (HACPAM) with both cationic groups (methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, DMC) and hydrophobic groups (n-butyl acrylate, BA) were synthesized by dispersion polymerization. The structure of the copolymer was confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR. The prepared “water-in-water” emulsions possessed high solid content, low viscosity, good stability and solubility. An image analyzer photographed the size of the emulsion particles. The polymerization behaviors with varying concentrations of acrylamide, DMC, BA, stabilizer and reaction time were investigated. Appropriate concentrations of monomer, BA and DMC for stable dispersion system were in the scope of 10~15 wt%, 0.025 ~ 0.15 wt% and 1~ 4 wt%, respectively. The dynamic drainage experiment results show that the HACPAM “water-in-water” emulsions can be directly used as retention aid and obviously improve the retention efficiency of bleached broad-leaved pulp.
Imprinted β-Cyclodextrin Polymer for Recognition of Naringin
Authors: Zheng Xi , Ma Xiu Ling , Xie Hong Fang , Li Shao Bin , Ren Yu Xi , Chen Zhen
Published: July 2011

The objective of this study was to find out a kind of MIP which was suitable for recognizing NG in aqueous medium. A non-covalent NG-β-CD imprinted polymer was prepared by using β-cyclodextrine (β-CD) as a functional monomer, naringin (NG) as a template molecule and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) as cross linker. The binding property and selectivity were evaluated by the equilibrium binding experiment, its imprinting factors α is 1.39.
Flame Retardant ABS with a Novel Polyphosphate Derived from Biomass
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen Xiao Ling , Fang Zheng Ping
Published: July 2011

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) was treated with various formulations containing an intumescent fire retardant, which consists of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and a novel char-forming agent, poly(diphenolic phenyl phosphate)(poly(DPA-PDCP)). The behaviour of this intumescent system was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), LOI test and cone calorimeter test, respectively. The results showed that the addition of poly(DPA-PDCP) enhanced the thermal stability and flame retardancy of ABS/APP. The weight of residues improved with the addition of poly(DPA-PDCP) . SEM investigations of residual char burning after cone calorimeter test revealed that poly(DPA-PDCP) plays an stimulative role in the process of carbonization. The intumescent chars formed from ABS/APP/ poly(DPA-PDCP) composites were intact and strong. It is confirmed that the poly(DPA-PDCP) is an efficient char-forming agent for flame retardant ABS resin.
Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-B-Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Self-Assembly
Authors: Kang Ke Xin , Liu Min Ying , Zhao Qing Xiang , Fu Peng , Wang Xiao Bing
Published: July 2011

A series of amphiphilic block copolymers mPEO-b-PCL with different PCL molecular weight were successfully prepared by combination of anionic ring-opening polymerization with coordination-insertion ring-opening polymerization. Firstly, the linear mPEO was prepared by anionic ring-opening copolymerization of EO with 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxide potassium as the small molecule initiators, then the mPEO as the macroinitiator was used to initiate the ring-opening polymerization of CL, in the absence of Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst, and amphiphilic block copolymers mPEO-b-PCL were obtained. By changing the ratio of monomer and macroinitiator, prepared a series of different molecular weight mPEO-b-PCL. The structure of intermediates and final products were characterized by 1H NMR and GPC. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the final copolymer was measured. In addition, the sizes and morphologies of the obtained micelles at different PCL chains were studied with Laser nano-particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Synthesis, Characterization and Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Dodecamethylene Terephthalamide)
Authors: Li Kai Feng , Fu Peng , Liu Chuan Lin , Zhao Qing Xiang , Liu Min Ying
Published: July 2011

A kind of semi-aromatic polyamide, poly(dodecamethylene terephthalamide) (PA12T) was synthesized via a three-step reaction of terephthalic acid and 1,12-dodecanediamine. The structure of the prepared PA12T was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The thermal behaviour of PA12T was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Melting temperature (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg) and decomposition temperature (Td) of PA12T are 311°C, 144°C and 429°C, respectively. Isothermal crystallization kinetics of PA12T have been investigated in the temperature range of 270-280°C using DSC. The activation energies (ΔE) were determined to be -170.4 kJ/mol for the isothermal crystallization processes by the Arrhenius’ methods.
Analysis of Stress on Interface Crack of Orthotropic and Isotropic Bi-Materials
Authors: Li Jun Lin , Zhang Shao Qin , Yang Wei Yang , Zhao Jing
Published: July 2011

This paper is concerned in semi-infinite interface crack of orthotropic and isotropic bi-materials and using the composite material fracture complex function method. By means of constructing special stress functions with two real singularity index and solving the problem of a class of generalized bi-harmonic equations , the stress and displacement fields of two dissimilar materials are obtained .Results demonstrate that the stress and displacement fields near the crack tip show mixed crack characteristics without oscillation.
Synthesis and Properties Epoxy Resin/Mesoporous Silica-Organic Clay Nanocomposites
Authors: Shan Shao Yun , Jia Qing Ming , Wang Ya Ming , Peng Jin Hui
Published: July 2011

A novel nanofiller containing layered organo-modifed montmorillonite (oM) and mesoporous silica micro-sphere (MS) was prepared by in situ deposition method, and the microstructures and morphologies of this nanofiller were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). EP/oM-MS nanocomposite was obtained by adding oM-MS to EP matrix. Morphologies and mechanical of the new ternary nanocomposite were investigated. For purpose of comparison, the corresponding binary nanocomposites, i.e., EP modified with either oM or MS, were tested as well. The test results of mechanical properties show that oM obviously improves the strength of EP and MS enhances the toughness of EP, but oM-MS exhibits synergistic effect on toughening and reinforcing of EP.
Research on Properties of Liquid Crystalline Polymers as New Packaging Materials
Authors: Xiao Ying Zhe , Hao Xi Hai
Published: July 2011

Liquid crystal polymer is widely used in field of manufacturing of equipment parts because of its excellent performance of injection molding and special physical properties. Based on related research and discussion on properties of liquid crystal polymer, we proposed in this paper its properties of high impact resistance, hear, transparency, anti-water/gas, and microwave penetration, which make it widely concerned in field of packaging materials. We can foresee the high possibility of developing new markets with the rapidly expanding range of applications of liquid crystal polymer.
Research Development on Heating System of EVs Battery Pack
Authors: Lei Zhi Guo , Zhang Cheng Ning
Published: July 2011

Both the performance and lifetime of battery pack are substantially reduced in the cold temperatures, and it influences the performance and cost of electric vehicle strongly. Reasonable and effective heating system becomes very critical for solving the problem. This paper introduces the research development of heating system in the world, including the primary cause of the poor performance of battery pack at cold temperatures and heating of batteries, analyses the methods of heating that have been used or are researching. The limitation of current heating systems is pointed out for the future research.
Preparation of a Certified Reference Material of Trifunctional Polypropylene Oxide
Authors: Wang Jing Xia , Fan Xiao Dong , Tian Wei , Cheng Guang Wen , Li Juan Li
Published: July 2011

Due to the lack of trifunctional polypropylene oxide (TPPO) certified reference material (CRM) with precise molecular weight on the market, it is therefore very important to prepare such CRM to calibrate the molecular weight testing equipments, and assure the quality in polyurethanes manufacture. In this paper, the certification of TPPO CRM was introduced based on the size-exclusion chromatography with a multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) method and end-group analysis method. First, TPPO was synthesized via controlled ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide in the condition of both high temperature and pressure using double metal cyanide (DMC) complexes as catalyst, and TPPO oligomer as coinitiator. Then, the molecular weight homogeneity of TPPO CRM was evaluated by using the F-distribution model, and the storage stability of the molecular weight of TPPO CRM was assessed. All potential uncertainty factors for the certification of TPPO CRM were evaluated using cause-effect diagram. The results showed that the chemical structure of TPPO CRM was an anticipatory structure, which was confirmed by IR. The molecular weight homogeneity of TPPO CRM was qualified. The storage stability period of the final product was one year with respect to its molecular weight, and the certification results of TPPO CRM obtained by SEC-MALLS and end-group analysis were 4996±162 and 5025±146, respectively.
Mechanism of the Modulus Increase of Carbon-Black-Filled Rubber at Small Extension
Authors: Hu Xiao Ling , Ouyang Yong , Zhou Xiong , Luo Wen Bo
Published: July 2011

The tensile stress-strain relationship of rubbers is fairly linear and can be used for obtaining tensile modulus E. In this work we analyzed the tensile stress-strain relationship of filled rubber experimentally and employed the extended 2D homogenization method to compute the modulus of the carbon black (CB) filled rubbers with various CB volume fractions ranging from 5% to 25%. The results reveal that the modulus of CB-filled rubbers increased with the increase in CB volume fraction and in CB aggregation.
Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Spreading System of Rapid Prototyping Machine for Ceramic Parts Based on ANSYS
Authors: Gao Dong Qiang , Zhang Fei , Guo Zhi Gang
Published: July 2011

3D modle of spreading platform of rapid prototyping machine for ceramic parts is established in PRO/E, and the modle is input to ANSYS, and the finite element analysis modle of the spreading platform is established by plane elemet; According to the structural strength of the experimental condition, considering the gravity of spreading platform to get the splatform’s stress annlysis and structure deformation in the different working conditions. And the dagenrous section is identitied to provide evidence for the further research, and aslo to provide a reference for other similar products.
Preparation and Performance of Polyethylene Glycol / Polyacrylamide Phase Change Material
Authors: Shi Qi Song , Liu Tai Qi
Published: July 2011

This study involved the preparation and characterization of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ polyacrylamide (PAM) composite as solid-solid phase change materials (PCM). In this study, the polyethylene glycol / polyacrylamide composites as solid-solid phase change material was prepared, and the phase change behavior and crystalline morphology of the phase change materials were investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) , wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Results indicated that the composite remained solid when the weight percentage of PEG was less than 60%. The PEG/PAM composite that exhibited solid-solid phase change behavior can be used as a new kind of phase change material for the shortage of thermal energy and temperature control.
The Surface Characteristics and Friction Properties of PTFE Yarn
Authors: Wang Jin Quan , Qu Li Jun , Guo Xiao Qing , Sun Ya Ning
Published: July 2011

To discuss the surface characteristics and friction properties of PTFE yarn, the longitudinal structure and cross section were analyzed, it were investigated that the influence on friction coefficient of running speed, guide material and initial tension on ring spinning for producing PTFE film yarn. The results show that the longitudinal section of PTFE yarn was regular cylinder, the cross section was polygon, the yarn surface was very smooth, not easy to absorb dust, PTFE yarn had very good self-cleaning function. The friction coefficient of PTFE yarn was decreased at first with the increase of running speed but increased later, and the friction coefficient of PTFE yarn was reduced with the increase of initial pressure. The friction coefficient between PTFE yarn and plastic was very small, it can be said that plastic was the best guide material for ring spinning of PTFE yarn. Introduction
The Effect of the Proportion of Prepolymer and Monomer on the Performance of UV Offset Ink
Authors: Ma Xiao Xu , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing
Published: July 2011

Prepolymer and monomer which are the main components of the UV ink have significant influence on the performance. By changing the proportion of prepolymer and monomer to make the different kinds of UV offset ink samples, the samples’ flow curve, yield stress, curing rate, glossiness, emulsification ratio, solid density and ink transfer rate were tested. And the effects of the proportion of prepolymer and monomer on the performance of UV offset ink were studied. The results show that with the decrease of prepolymer, the viscosity, yield stress and glossiness of the ink were reduce, and the curing rates were more or less the same. The emulsification ratio, solid density and ink transfer rate increased with the decrease of prepolymer.
Numerical Study on Characteristics Shock Initiation of Double-Shell Charges by Hypervelocity Impact
Authors: Liu Xue , Zhang Qing Ming
Published: July 2011

Response of shock initiation of cast TNT charges with double-shell casing impacted by hypervelocity fragment was studied using the non-linear dynamics software AUTODYN. The purpose of the study is to gain insight into the physical phenomena underlying debris cloud impacts, and to develop an equation that predicts critical fragment velocity at which a fragment must travel to cause initiation. First, strength model, reaction rate equation and equation of state of materials are briefly described. Second, the threshold law of shock-induced initiation of cast TNT with double-shell casings was obtained by analyzing pressure of the growth process. Final, the threshold shock initiation velocity of the fragment is calculated under different fragment diameter. Based upon above data we modified empirical Jacobs-Roslund model, which is very helpful to guide the safety study on shell charges structure.
Traveling Wave Exact Solutions for Nonlinear Coupled Scalar Field Equations
Authors: Cao Dong Bo , Yan Jia Ren
Published: July 2011

In the present paper, with the aid of symbolic computation, the nonlinear coupled scalar field equations relevant to materials physics are investigated by using the trigonometric function transform method. More exact traveling wave solutions are obtained for nonlinear coupled scalar field equations. The solutions obtained in this paper include four kinds of soliton solutions and four kinds of trigonometric function solutions.
High-Efficiency Modified Alkyd Resin Application Research
Authors: Liu Yan Yan , Tian Jian Wen , Zhang Wen Long
Published: July 2011

Alkyd resin dispersions are used in the paint industry as the basis for the new generation of environmentally friendly gloss paints. This research based on two-component seed oil soybean oil and castor oil to synthesis high-efficiency modified alkyd resin. The experimental conditions are the mass ratio of soybean oil with castor oil is 2:1, 55% degree of oil, Ni(OH)2 as the catalyst and 210°C~220°C for alcohol solution reaction, 220°C for esterification under the protection of nitrogen. The experimental results show that the product non-drying days are more than 30 days, acid value is 6.6, the migration is 1.2%, adhesion is one level, flexibility is 0.5, chroma value is 8.
Study on Character of Ilmenite Modified by Thermal Treatment
Authors: Xiong Xue Liang , Yang Zhi , Ouyang Hong Yong
Published: July 2011

The character of ilmenite was modified by pretreatment, the effect of pre-oxidation temperature and time on structure of ilmenite were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Thermo-gravimetric/differential thermal analysis. The results indicated that new microcrystal rutile and FeTiO3·Fe2O3 solid solution were appeared on the surface of mineral below 800°C, but evident rutile crystals and pseudobrookite Fe2O3·TiO2 were appeared above 850°C with the structure of ilmenite disrupting simultaneously. The preoxidation time increased from 15min to 60min, evident microcrystal rutile and FeTiO3·Fe2O3 solid solution were appeared by degrees without structure of ilmenite breaking.
Corrosion-Deformation Interactions (CDI)of AA2024-T3 in Chloride Media
Authors: Rao Si Xian , Zhang Li Bing , Wei Wei , Pan Zi Wei
Published: July 2011

Effects of CDI on corrosion behavior of AA2024-T3 in 3% NaCl aqueous solution are investigated through electrochemical techniques. the results show that CDI could lead to negative shift of free potential, breakdown potential and protection potential of AA2024-T3 and enhance the sensitivity of AA2024-T3 to pitting. The electrochemical impedance spectrum results show that Rp decreased significantly under applied stress and Rp can be taken as the indicator to evaluate the effect of CDI. Different strain rate could influence the effect of CDI on corrosion behavior and effect of CDI exhibit more significantly under low strain rate.
Effect of Silicon on Molten Iron Corrosion Resistance of Corundum-Silicon Nitride Composites
Authors: Wei Jun Cong , Tu Jun Bo , Cao Jian
Published: July 2011

Molten iron corrosion resistance of silicon-corundum-silicon nitride composites were investigated using corundum, silicon nitride, clay and silicon powder as the main starting materials by static crucible method. The corrosion mechanism of the composites was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM with EDS). The results revealed that corundum-silicon nitride composites possessed good molten iron corrosion behavior and the active oxidation of silicon nitride was the main reason for loose structure of the corroded specimen; The composites produced a dense layer by addition of silicon, which made superior molten iron corrosion resistance behavior.
Preparation Research of CaB6 Powder by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis
Authors: Wang Yi Yong , Jin Hui
Published: July 2011

Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) method was adopted to synthesize powder containing CaB6, and the power was leaching by sulfuric acid. Effects of reaction atmosphere, magnesium addition, H2SO4 acidity and leaching temperature on the performances of CaB6 powderwas investigated, the microstructure of products were researched by SEM and XRD, the results show that the phases of products by SHS are CaB6、Mg3B2O6 and Ca3B2O6, and high purity CaB6 powders are obtained after the products by SHS was leaching by Sulfuric acid. The SHS conditions are the vacuum atmosphere and 30% excessive magnesium addition and the leaching conditions are 55% acidity of Sulfuric acid and 40°C leaching temperature, the perfect and uniform grain of CaB6 powers are obtained at the above conditions.
Study of Synthesis and Properties on Poly L-Glutamate Initiated by Aniline
Authors: Zhang Zhi Ming , Wei Shi Qian , Han Li Hua
Published: July 2011

With L-glutamic acid as raw materials, N-carboxy-L-glutamic acid-benzyl-anhydride (BLG-NCA) was synthesized by triphosgene. With aniline as the initiator in the anhydrous dichloromethane, ring-opening polymerization of BLG-NCA was initiated, poly-l-glutamic acid benzyl ester was obtained. The amount of initiators, Molar ratio of monomer/initiators, reaction temperature and reaction time to the effect of poly-l-glutamic acid benzyl ester in the ring-opening polymerization of BLG-NCA were studied. Through infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis and characteristic viscosity method, polymerization product was characterized and analysized. Results showed that in dichloromethane, ring-opening polymerization of BLG-NCA could be initiated by aniline, which expands greater scope of the initiators of poly-l-glutamate to aromatic compounds, and the introduction of the active group provided by aromatic compounds make it possible for the advanced development of block copolymer with poly-l-glutamic acid as a basic unit.
Study on the Electrochemical Behaviors of CeO2 in Eutectic CaCl2 – NaCl Melt
Authors: Kim Pyong Hun , Xie Hong Wei , Zhai Yu Chun , Ji Su Hong
Published: July 2011

The electro–reduction of CeO2 in eutectic CaCl2–NaCl melt was studied by cyclic voltammetry and constant voltage electrolysis techniques. One cathodic current peak in the cyclic voltammogram was observed and supports a one–step electro–reduction mechanism of CeO2. During different times of electrolysis at 800°Cof temperature and 3.0V of constant voltage, the products CeOCl and CeO2 were observed by XRD and confirms the following electro–reduction sequence: CeO2CeOCl.
Study on Recovery of Vanadium from Low-Vanadium Slag by Calcified Roasting Methods
Authors: Xu Ying , Cai Yan Qing , Lu Xiang , Ma Peng Hua
Published: July 2011

Vanadium was recovered by using technology of calcified roasting→alkali leaching→ion exchange→precipitating→deaminizing, the principles of this recovery process were described in detail. Through the experiments, the parameters of roasting, leaching and ion exchange were determined, a new operational, low-polluting method to recovery vanadium was formed. This method not only can overcame the disadvantage of traditional technology, such as long process, serious pollution, but also has advantages such as high recovery and high purity of vanadium. In this study, pure V2O5 products with national standard were obtained. The total recovery was up to 65% or more, which was higher than that of the sodium roasting methods.