bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Setting the Terms for Zoonotic Diseases: Effective Communication for Research, Conservation, and Public Policy
Authors: Shapiro Julie Teresa , Víquez-R Luis , Leopardi Stefania , Vicente-Santos Amanda , Mendenhall Ian H. , Frick Winifred F. , Kading Rebekah C. , Medellín Rodrigo A. , Racey Paul , Kingston Tigga
Published: July 2021

Many of the world’s most pressing issues, such as the emergence of zoonotic diseases, can only be addressed through interdisciplinary research. However, the findings of interdisciplinary research are susceptible to miscommunication among both professional and non-professional audiences due to differences in training, language, experience, and understanding. Such miscommunication contributes to the misunderstanding of key concepts or processes and hinders the development of effective research agendas and public policy. These misunderstandings can also provoke unnecessary fear in the public and have devastating effects for wildlife conservation. For example, inaccurate communication and subsequent misunderstanding of the potential associations between certain bats and zoonoses has led to persecution of diverse bats worldwide and even government calls to cull them. Here, we identify four types of miscommunication driven by the use of terminology regarding bats and the emergence of zoonotic diseases that we have categorized based on their root causes: (1) incorrect or overly broad use of terms; (2) terms that have unstable usage within a discipline, or different usages among disciplines; (3) terms that are used correctly but spark incorrect inferences about biological processes or significance in the audience; (4) incorrect inference drawn from the evidence presented. We illustrate each type of miscommunication with commonly misused or misinterpreted terms, providing a definition, caveats and common misconceptions, and suggest alternatives as appropriate. While we focus on terms specific to bats and disease ecology, we present a more general framework for addressing miscommunication that can be applied to other topics and disciplines to facilitate more effective research, problem-solving, and public policy.
A New Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR for Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Avian Bornaviruses
Authors: Sigrist Brigitte , Geers Jessica , Albini Sarah , Rubbenstroth Dennis , Wolfrum Nina
Published: July 2021

Avian bornaviruses were first described in 2008 as the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in parrots and their relatives (Psittaciformes). To date, 15 genetically highly diverse avian bornaviruses covering at least five viral species have been discovered in different bird orders. Currently, the primary diagnostic tool is the detection of viral RNA by conventional or real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). One of the drawbacks of this is the usage of either specific assays, allowing the detection of one particular virus, or of assays with a broad detection spectrum, which, however, do not allow for the simultaneous specification of the detected virus. To facilitate the simultaneous detection and specification of avian bornaviruses, a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay was developed. Whole-genome sequences of various bornaviruses were aligned. Primers were designed to recognize conserved regions within the overlapping X/P gene and probes were selected to detect virus species-specific regions within the target region. The optimization of the assay resulted in the sensitive and specific detection of bornaviruses of Psittaciformes, Passeriformes, and aquatic birds. Finally, the new rRT-PCR was successfully employed to detect avian bornaviruses in field samples from various avian species. This assay will serve as powerful tool in epidemiological studies and will improve avian bornavirus detection.
COVID-19 Vaccine mRNABNT162b2 Elicits Human Antibody Response in Milk of Breastfeeding Women
Authors: Guida Maurizio , Terracciano Daniela , Cennamo Michele , Aiello Federica , La Civita Evelina , Esposito Gennaro , Gargiulo Valentina , Maruotti Giuseppe M. , Portella Giuseppe , Sarno Laura
Published: July 2021

Objective: The objective of this research is to demonstrate the release of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) antibodies in human milk samples obtained by patients who have been vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Milk and serum samples were collected in 10 volunteers 20 days after the first dose and 7 seven days after the second dose of the mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were measured by the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S ECLIA assay (Roche Diagnostics AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), a quantitative electrochemiluminescence immunometric method. Results: At first sample, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (103.9 ± 54.9 U/mL) and only in two (40%) milk samples with a low concentration (1.2 ± 0.3 U/mL). At the second sample, collected 7 days after the second dose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (3875.7 ± 3504.6 UI/mL) and in all milk samples (41.5 ± 47.5 UI/mL). No correlation was found between the level of serum and milk antibodies; the milk antibodies/serum antibodies ratio was on average 2% (range: 0.2–8.4%). Conclusion: We demonstrated a release of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies in the breast milk of women vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2. Vaccinating breastfeeding women could be a strategy to protect their infants from COVID-19 infection.
Low Risk Perception about Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases in an Area Recently Invaded by Ticks in Northwestern Italy
Authors: Garcia-Vozmediano Aitor , Giglio Giorgia , Ramassa Elisa , Nobili Fabrizio , Rossi Luca , Tomassone Laura
Published: July 2021

Risk perception, together with the adoption of measures to prevent tick bites, may strongly influence human exposure to ticks and transmitted pathogens. We created a questionnaire to evaluate how people perceive the health risk posed by ticks in an area recently invaded by these arthropods, in the western Italian Alps. Moreover, through a collaborative effort with park rangers and physicians, we investigated which tick species bite humans and their infection with pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and spotted-fever group Rickettsiae). Apart from two Dermacentor marginatus bites, we identified Ixodes ricinus (n = 124) as the main species responsible for tick bites. The investigated pathogens infected 25.4% of tested I. ricinus. The evaluation of the engorgement rate of biting I. ricinus revealed that they had been likely feeding on humans for 24 h or more, suggesting a high probability of pathogen transmission. Indeed, the questionnaires revealed that people infrequently adopt preventive measures, such as inspecting the body for ticks, although most respondents claimed that ticks are a threat to human health. Having suffered from previous tick bites was positively associated with the adoption of personal protection measures. Given the increasing incidence of tick-borne diseases in the region, the public should be better informed about the possibility of being bitten by infected ticks in order to mitigate the risk.
Rise and Fall of the Grand Canal in the Ancient Kaifeng City of China: Role of the Grand Canal and Water Supply in Urban and Regional Development
Authors: Huang Wenji , Xi Mingwang , Lu Shibao , Taghizadeh-Hesary Farhad
Published: July 2021

In the long history of the feudal society of China, Kaifeng played a vital role. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng became a worldwide metropolis. The important reason was that the Grand Canal, which was excavated during the Sui Dynasty, became the main transportation artery for the political and military center of the north and the economic center of the south. Furthermore, Kaifeng was located at the center of the Grand Canal, which made it the capital of the later Northern Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty was called “the canal-centered era.” The development of the canal caused a series of major changes in the society of the Northern Song Dynasty that were different from the previous ones, which directly led to the transportation revolution, and in turn, promoted the commercial revolution and the urbanization of Kaifeng. The development of commerce contributed to the agricultural and money revolutions. After the Northern Song Dynasty, the political center moved to the south. During the Yuan Dynasty, the excavation of the Grand Canal made it so that water transport did not have to pass through the Central Plains. The relocation of the political center and the change in the canal route made Kaifeng lose the value of connecting the north and south, resulting in the long-time fall of the Bianhe River. Kaifeng, which had prospered for more than 100 years, declined gradually, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty, it became a common town in the Central Plains. In ancient China, the rise and fall of cities and regions were closely related to the canal, and the relationship between Kaifeng and the Grand Canal was typical. The history may provide some inspiration for the increasingly severe urban and regional sustainable development issues in contemporary times.
The Changing and Distribution Laws of Oxygen Transfer Efficiency in the Full-Scale IFAS Process
Authors: Liu Xuyang , Bi Xuejun , Huang Qing , Wang Xiaodong , Gu Ruihuan , Zhou Xiaolin
Published: July 2021

The integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process has been widely used in the upgrading of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The oxygen transfer efficiency (αOTE) is of great significance to the design and operation of the IFAS process. The carrier filling ratio (CFR) and aeration type are two critical factors affecting αOTE and standard oxygen transfer efficiency (αSOTE). However, the distribution and changing laws of αOTE and αSOTE in the full-scale IFAS process areunclear. To optimize the operation of a WWTP and to improve the αOTE of the aeration systems, several off-gas tests were conducted under different aeration types and different CFRs. The results show that for the aerobic tank investigated (the ratio of length and width was 8:1), the αOTE and the αSOTE of the middle of the aeration systems were higher than those of the other two sides. However, the reason for the low αOTE at the beginning and the end of the tank may be different. Coarse-bubble aeration systems had a lower αOTE and almost the same oxygenation capacity (αSOTE) as the fine-bubble aeration systems under constant CFR (43%). The average αSOTE (18.7–28.9%) of the hybrid aeration systems increased with increasing CFR (7.7–57.7%), and different locations exhibited different degrees of change. The results reveal the distribution and changing law of the αOTE of aeration systems in the IFAS process, and attention should be paid to the improvement of the OTE of the plug-flow IFAS process.
What Effect Does Rehabilitation of Wastewater Pipelines Have on the Share of Infiltration and Inflow Water (I/I-Water)?
Authors: Sola Kristin , Bjerkholt Jarle , Lindholm Oddvar , Ratnaweera Harsha
Published: July 2021

Infiltration and inflow water (I/I-water) is a big challenge in sewage systems in many countries. I/I-water above an acceptable level indicates that the sewage system is not functioning properly. I/I-water leads to increased pumping costs and increased sewage overflow, leading to increased pollution of the receiving waters. Many rehabilitation projects are driven by the need to reduce the share of I/I-water and common measures are to replace pipes and manholes. The share of I/I-water is predominantly driven by rainfall. This makes it difficult to document the efficiency of mitigating measures. One way to address this issue is to compare data from rehabilitation areas to areas where no measures have been implemented. Three rehabilitation areas in Asker Municipality, Norway, were successfully assessed by applying this approach. Asker has a 100% separate system. The strategy to reduce I/I-water in Asker Municipality was to rehabilitate sewage mains, either by full replacement or lining the old pipes, and replacement of manholes. The assessment shows that rehabilitation of selected municipal pipes, pipes proven to be in bad condition through closed circuit TV inspection, reduced the share of I/I-water only to a limited extent. Since the rehabilitation done was not a complete replacement of all pipes and manholes, the limited effects are assumed to be caused by the water finding other ways into the system. In separate systems other measures than renovations of pipes should be considered when aiming to reduce I/I-water.
Mesocosm Experiments Reveal Global Warming Accelerates Macrophytes Litter Decomposition and Alters Decomposition-Related Bacteria Community Structure
Authors: Pan Meng , Wang Tao , Hu Bowen , Shi Penglan , Xu Jun , Zhang Min
Published: July 2021

Global climate change scenarios predict that lake water temperatures will increase up to 4 °C and extreme weather events, such as heat waves and large temperature fluctuations, will occur more frequently. Such changes may result in the increase of aquatic litter decomposition and on shifts in diversity and structure of bacteria communities in this period. We designed a two-month mesocosm experiment to explore how constant (+4 °C than ambient temperature) and variable (randomly +0~8 °C than ambient temperature) warming treatment will affect the submerged macrophyte litter decomposition process. Our data suggests that warming treatments may accelerate the decomposition of submerged macrophyte litter in shallow lake ecosystems, and increase the diversity of decomposition-related bacteria with community composition changed the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, especially members of Alphaproteobacteria increased while that of Firmicutes (mainly Bacillus) decreased.
A MILESTONE TO ENHANCE RUNWAY SAFETY: THE NEW GLOBAL REPORTING FORMAT
Authors: TUNCAL Arif , USLU Suat , DURSUN Erdal
Published: July 2021

Runway excursion continues to cause serious deaths and economic losses in aviation. 179 people died in the accidents occurring between 2010 and 2019. The direct cost of accidents in 2019 is estimated at over $4 billion. A new method known as Global Reporting Format (GRF) is introduced after studies carried out by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to prevent aircraft accidents caused by runway excursion and to minimize risks associated with it. GRF is considered an important milestone to flight safety by ICAO. In this study, GRF is explained with all its components, and benefits and transition to the application process are discussed. As a result of the study, it is assessed that GRF is a positive contribution to flight safety in the process of take-off or landing by matching information about runway surface conditions obtained to the flight crews especially in adverse conditions.
Maintaining face-to-face contact during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal qualitative investigation in UK primary care
Authors: Turner Andrew , Scott Anne , Horwood Jeremy , Salisbury Chris , Denholm Rachel , Scott Lauren , Iyer Geeta , Macleod John , Murphy Mairead
Published: July 2021

Background

In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic required a rapid reconfiguration of UK general practice to minimise face-to-face contact with patients to reduce infection risk. However, some face-to-face contact remained necessary and practices needed to ensure such contact could continue safely.

Aim

To examine how practices determined when face-to-face contact was necessary and how face-to-face consultations were reconfigured to reduce COVID-19 infection risk.

Design & setting

Qualitative interview study in general practices in Bristol, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire.

Method

Longitudinal semi-structured interviews with clinical and managerial practice staff were undertaken at four timepoints between May and July 2020.

Results

Practices worked flexibly within general national guidance to determine when face-to-face contact with patients was necessary, influenced by knowledge of the patient, experience, and practice resilience. For example, practices prioritised patients according to clinical need using face-to-face contact to resolve clinician uncertainty or provide adequate reassurance to patients. To make face-to-face contact as safe as possible and keep patients separated, practices introduced a heterogeneous range of measures that exploited features of their indoor and outdoor spaces, and altered their appointment processes. As national restrictions eased in June and July, the number and proportion of patients seen face to face generally increased. However, the reconfiguration of buildings and processes reduced the available capacity and put increased pressure on practices.

Conclusion

Practices responded rapidly and creatively to the initial lockdown restrictions. The variety of ways practices organised face-to-face contact to minimise infection highlights the need for flexibility in guidance.
Tahapan Pemberdayaan Berbasis Aset Komunitas pada Desa Wisata Pentingsari Yogyakarta
Authors: Aini Putri Noer , Wulandari Sri Dewi
Published: July 2021

One of the efforts to reduce poverty is through community asset-based empowerment, as has been done by the people of Pentingsari Village, Yogyakarta. Through the Pentingsari Tourism Village program, people who initially relied on income only from agriculture can now be more prosperous through village nature-based tourism management and the social life of village communities. Various development obstacles can be overcome by carrying out development stages. Therefore, the focus of this study is to determine the stages of asset-based empowerment carried out by the people of Pentingsari Village in 2008 - 2018. This study uses a literature study approach. Empowerment in Pentingsari Village shows a relevance to Christopher Dureau's asset-based empowerment theory. In this study, the findings of community asset-based development in Pentingsari Village from 2008-2018 include the six stages of empowerment. The implementation of these six stages has always involved the local community and has brought positive changes to the community. The implementation of the stage of studying and arranging scenarios (define), the stage of uncovering the past (discovery), and the stage of dreaming of the future are carried out continuously, with the role of the pioneer character being more dominant. After that, the asset mapping stage was carried out in a sustainable and sustainable manner, with the asset mobilization stage and the monitoring stage through routine forums attended by community members and village officials.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter dalam Mata Pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Authors: Ekasari Raudah Devi , Savira Liza , Musnatiwi Erni
Published: July 2021

Social studies subject is a learning process for humans that aims to make students have positive behavior and interesting skills. Character education is a component of social science studies. From this research, the aim is to determine the supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of character education at SD Krajan 1 Magetan on social studies subjects. Thus this study contributes to education regarding how character education in elementary schools experienced by students in social studies learning. The results of this study are the implementation of character education has gone according to plan, because it is supported by teacher factors, character-based school management and community support. There are several obstacles such as the problem of attitude assessment and environmental factors, so the solution to overcome the problem is to create an assessment format and use of monitoring cameras in each hallway and class. The research method needed is to use qualitative research, so that the data collection technique is through interviews and observation.
Analysis of Reporting and Investigation Problems in Criminal Procedure
Authors: Dedi I Ketut Kasna , Hadjon Gratia Clara , Anam Choirul
Published: July 2021

Laws in Indonesia, especially regarding criminal procedural law, are often unprofessional and overlapping or one-sided. The purposes of this paper are as to know the follow-up if there is a court request regarding a case but it is not processed legall, and to find out the follow-up to the problem if there is a case when the initial investigation is not enough. This research uses qualitative research. Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that the case was in the reporting stage, the police did not follow up on the case report. In this case, the reporter can submit a pretrial application as a basis for the case not being processed for one year. The reporter must first confirm the letter on the progress of the investigation results. Then, regarding the issue of sufficient evidence investigation, the Court considers the minimum requirement of two pieces of evidence and examination of a potential suspect for transparency and protection of a person's human rights so that before a person is declared a suspect he can provide a balanced statement.
Pengaturan Pendaftaran Secara Online Single Submission terhadap Usaha Kecil dan Menengah di Indonesia
Authors: Munawir Zaini , Hidayani Sri
Published: July 2021

The OSS system is aimed at accelerating and increasing investment and making efforts and making it easier for Business Actors, both individuals, and non-individuals. To simplify the registration/management of business activity licenses, for example, the purpose of this study is to determine the background of OSS registration for MSMEs in Indonesia and its implementation in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research. Normative legal research is research that discusses legal aspects, by conducting library research that is oriented towards applicable laws and regulations. Registration is the registration of businesses and/or activities by Business Actors through OSS. Business Actors as referred to in Article 6 of Government Regulation Number 24 of 2018 shall register for business activities by accessing the OSS page as stipulated in Government Regulation Number 24 of 2018 concerning Electronically Integrated Business Licensing Services.
Kajian Bentuk dan Kesesuaian Gerak Patung Legenda Danau Toba terhadap Cerita Legenda Danau Toba
Authors: Manik Joy Endiko , Mirwa Tetty
Published: July 2021

This study aims to describe the shape and suitability of the statue's motion to the legendary story of Lake Toba in Siallagan village. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The population in this study were ten human statues in the Taman Wisata Legenda Danau Toba which consisted of 10 statues. The 10 statues were assessed to get answers about the shape and suitability of body movements with the Legendary Story of Lake Toba in Siallagan Village. The highest value of a statue has an average value of 73, namely the 2nd sculpture work.While the lowest score of the statue has an average value of 57.25, is the 6th statue work. which is large enough from the beginning of the story to the illustration of the last goldfish statue depicting the end of the story that Uli returned to being a goldfish and the whole village sank to form a lake and an island.
Penegakan Hukum Oleh Polri Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencurian Sepeda Motor Dengan Pemberatan (Studi di Polrestabes Medan)
Authors: Syah Putra Jaya , Zulyadi Rizkan , Ramadhan M.Citra
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze law enforcement efforts, obstacles and prevention of criminal acts of theft by POLRI against perpetrators of the crime of motorcycle theft with weights in the jurisdiction of Medan Police. This type of research is directed to normative juridical law research. The nature of the research is descriptive analysis of the law enforcement by the Indonesian National Police against the perpetrators of the crime of theft. The results showed that law enforcement efforts were carried out, after the personnel received a complaint report from the victim regarding the occurrence of theft with weighting proceed to the stage of investigation and investigation, against the perpetrators of theft with the weight of a motorcycle subject to Article 363 of the Criminal Code with a maximum penalty of 9 years imprisonment depending on the the method used by the perpetrator to commit theft by weight. Barrier factors include the identity of the perpetrator is not clear, the perpetrator does not have an ID card, the perpetrator does not admit his actions, there are no witnesses at the crime scene. The perpetrator lost evidence, the victim did not want to report it to the police, there were no supporting witnesses. Countermeasures include carrying out preventive measures by carrying out patrols in suspected places, conducting socialization and community approaches in order to create synergistic coordination and cooperation in creating security. Repressive efforts by increasing efforts to take action against perpetrators of theft by weighting motorbikes by providing strict sanctions and having a deterrent effect on perpetrators and providing guidance to the community to comply with the law.
The Impact of Outpatient Laboratory Alerting Mechanisms in Patients with AKI
Authors: Tolan Nicole V. , Ahmed Salman , Terebo Tolumofe , Virk Zain M. , Petrides Athena K. , Ransohoff Jaime R. , Demetriou Christiana A. , Kelly Yvelynne P. , Melanson Stacy E.F. , Mendu Mallika L.
Published: July 2021

Key Points

An AKI alert attached to increasing creatinine results improved recognition of AKI and reduced the time to obtain a follow-up creatinine.

The additive intervention of an email alert to the ordering provider increased the discontinuation of nephrotoxins.

Background

AKI is an abrupt decrease in kidney function associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Electronic notifications of AKI have been utilized in patients who are hospitalized, but their efficacy in the outpatient setting is unclear.

Methods

We evaluated the effect of two outpatient interventions: an automated comment on increasing creatinine results (intervention I; 6 months; n=159) along with an email to the provider (intervention II; 3 months; n=105), compared with a control (baseline; 6 months; n=176). A comment was generated if a patient’s creatinine increased by >0.5 mg/dl (previous creatinine ≤2.0 mg/dl) or by 50% (previous creatinine >2.0 mg/dl) within 180 days. Process measures included documentation of AKI and clinical actions. Clinical outcomes were defined as recovery from AKI within 7 days, prolonged AKI from 8 to 89 days , and progression to CKD with in 120 days.

Results

Providers were more likely to document AKI in interventions I (P=0.004; OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.38 to 5.67) and II (P=0.01; OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.21 to 5.81). Providers were also more likely to discontinue nephrotoxins in intervention II (P<0.001; OR, 4.88; 95% CI, 2.27 to 10.50). The median time to follow-up creatinine trended shorter among patients with AKI documented (21 versus 42 days; P=0.11). There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes.

Conclusions

An automated comment was associated with improved documented recognition of AKI and the additive intervention of an email alert was associated with increased discontinuation of nephrotoxins, but neither improved clinical outcomes. Translation of these findings into improved outcomes may require corresponding standardization of clinical practice protocols for managing AKI.
Slope-Assisted Brillouin-Based Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing Techniques
Authors: Fan Xinyu , Wang Bin , Yang Guangyao , He Zuyuan
Published: July 2021

Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensing has been regarded as a powerful distributed measurement tool for monitoring the conditions of modern large civil and geotechnical structures, since it provides continuous environmental information (e.g., temperature and strain) along the whole fiber used for sensing applications. In the past few decades, great research efforts were devoted to improve its performance in terms of measurement range, spatial resolution, measurement speed, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness, of which the slope-assisted measurement scheme, achieved by exploiting the linear slope of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), have paved the way for dynamic distributed fiber-optic sensing. In this article, slope-assisted Brillouin-based distributed fiber-optic sensing techniques demonstrated in the past few years will be reviewed, including the slope-assisted Brillouin optical time-domain analysis/reflectometry (SA-BOTDA/SA-BOTDR), the slope-assisted Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) sensor, and the slope-assisted Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis/reflectometry (SA-BOCDA/SA-BOCDR). Avenues for future research and development of slope-assisted Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensors are also prospected.
Insights into the Taxonomy of Citharexylum (Verbenaceae): A Revision of the South American Taxa
Authors: O'Leary Nataly , Frost Laura A. , Mirra Fabiana , Moroni Pablo
Published: July 2021

Citharexylum L. belongs to the recently circumscribed tribe Citharexyleae of the Verbenaceae, along with Rehdera Moldenke. It comprises around 50 to 60 species of trees and shrubs growing in the Neotropics. A complete taxonomic revision of Citharexylum in South America is here provided for the first time. Thirty taxa are present in South America, 27 of these are endemic, and three of them also grow in Central America. Detailed morphological descriptions are given for each taxon, as well as a key for their identification; illustrations, photographs, or iconography; updated synonymy; geographic distribution maps and ecological notes; list of selected specimens; and discussion about the relationship among closely related taxa. A new status, C. poeppigii Walp. var. anomalum (Moldenke) N. O’Leary, and a new combination, C. dentatum D. Don var. canescens (Moldenke) N. O’Leary, are proposed. Thirty-five new synonyms are suggested, and lectotypes are designated for C. fruticosum L. var. brittonii (Moldenke) I. E. Méndez, C. laurifolium Hayek, and Rauvolfia spinosa Cav.
NETWORK POSITIONING IN 5G ECOSYSTEM
Authors: ФОКИН Г.А. , КУЧЕРЯВЫЙ А.Е.
Published: July 2021

Анализируются особенности построения и функционирования сети радиодоступа 5G, как экосистемы сетевого позиционирования устройств. В ходе анализа новых технологий радиоинтерфейса 5G, существенных с точки зрения задач геолокации, выявляются принципиальные возможности повышения точности определения местоположения за счетугломерных измерений. Проведенный анализ показывает роль сетевого позиционирования, как инструмента повышения эффективности функционирования радиостанций в составе сетей радиодоступа 5G за счет пространственной фильтрации радиосигналов при наличии и отсутствии прямой видимости. Проиллюстрированы возможности компенсации внутрисистемных помех в условиях сверхплотного распределения устройств за счет адаптивного диаграммообразования, реализованного путем предваритель -ного позиционирования радиостанций.

In this article, we analyze new features of the construction and functioning of the 5G radio access network, as an ecosystem of network positioning of devices. During the analysis of new technologies of the 5G radio interface, which are significant from the point of view of geolocation, fundamental opportunities for improving the accuracy of location estimation through goniometric measurements are identified. The analysis shows the role of network positioning as a tool for increasing the efficiency of 5G networks radio stations due to the spatial filtering of radio signals in the presence and absence of line of sight. The possibilities of compensating for intra-system interference in the conditions of ultra-dense distribution of devices due to adaptive beamforming, which can be implemented through the preliminary positioning of radio stations, are illustrated.
CONSTRUCTION OF ADAPTIVE NOISE COMPENSATOR COMPLEXES WITH HYBRID MIRROR ANTENNAS
Authors: ПРИХОДЬКО В.В. , КОСОВ С.Б.
Published: July 2021

Представлены результаты исследования возможности использования антенных решеток с гексагональным расположением облучателей в целях создания на их базе эффективных комплексов адаптивных компенсаторов помех.

The article presents the results of the research on the possibility of using antenna arrays with a hexagonal arrangement of irradiators to create effective complexes of adaptive noise compensators based on hybrid mirror antennas.
PROBLEMS OF RADIO FREQUENCY RESOURCE FOR HIGH-ALTITUDE PLATFORM STATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: МЫСЕВ М.В.
Published: July 2021

Представлен обзор проблем радиочастотного обеспечения станций на высотной платформе. Результаты анализа показывают, что выделенный в соответствии с Таблицей распределения полос радиочастот между радиослужбами Российской Федерации частотный ресурс ограничивает возможные коммерческие применения станций на высотной платформе.

This article presents an overview of some problems of radio frequency resource for high-altitude platform stations. The results of the analysis show that the frequency resource allocated by the Table of frequency allocations in the Russian Federation limits the possible commercial applications of high-altitude platform stations.
METHOD OF FORMING THE STRUCTURE OF DIRECTIONS OF A TWO-LEVEL RADIAL-NODE DATA TRANSMISSION NETWORK IN A COMMUNICATION SESSION
Authors: МОСКВИН А.А.
Published: July 2021

Рассматривается радиально-узловая сеть передачи данных (СПД) с коммутацией пакетов в иерархической автоматизированной системе управления (АСУ), необходимым условием успешного функционирования которой является обеспечение надежного информационного обмена между ее звеньями управления (ЗУ). Оценивание качества информационного обмена осуществляется посредством вероятностно-временныххарактеристик(ВВХ). Показано, что улучшения ВВХ в отдельном направлении связи между двумя ЗУ при исчерпании ресурсов прямого и обратного каналов передачи данных можно достичь путем увеличения числа таких каналов при их использовании для дублирования процессов доставки пакетов передаваемого сообщения. Приводится методика формирования структуры направлений двухуровневой радиально-узловой СПД на сеансе связи, позволяющая выполнить требования по ВВХ доведения информации в соединениях типа точка-точка минимальным количеством парциальных каналов передачи данных.

The article considers a radial-node data transmission network with packet switching in a hierarchical automated control system, a necessary condition for the successful operation of which is to ensure reliable information exchange between its management units. Evaluation of the quality of information exchange is carried out by means of probabilistic-time characteristics. It is shown that improving the probabilistic-temporal characteristics in a separate direction of communication between two control links when the resources of its forward and reverse data channels are exhausted can be achieved by in creasing the number of such channels when using them to duplicate the processes of delivering packets of the transmitted message. The article presents a method for forming the structure of directions of a two-level radial-node data transmission network in a communication session, which allows meeting the requirements for probabilistic-temporal characteristics of information delivery in point-to-point connections with a minimum number of partial data transmission channels.
DIGITAL SATELLITE MODEM RECEIVING PATH BUILT ON THE DOMESTIC CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY
Authors: БЕЛОВ Е.В. , БРУСИН Е.А.
Published: July 2021

Предложена структура приемного тракта современного спутникового модема, построенного на основе компонентов отечественного производства. Обсуждаются параметры разработанного приемника. Представлена 3D-модель платы приемного тракта, полученная с использованием комплексной системы автоматизированного проектирования радиоэлектронных средств Altium Designer.

The structure of a modern satellite modem receiving path built on the domestic components is proposed. The parameters of the developed receiver are discussed. It is presented the 3D model of the receiving path board, obtained using the Altium Designer integrated computer-aided design system for radio-electronic devices.
METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE DYNAMIC ALLOCATION OF SERVICE POINTS AND TRAFFIC PREDICTION FOR ULTRA-LOW LATENCY NETWORKS
Authors: ЧИСТОВА Н.А.
Published: July 2021

Предложены методы определения динамического распределения точек предоставления услуг (центров обработки данных) и прогнозирования трафика для сетей связи с ультрамалыми задержками (СУМЗ). Для методов прогнозирования использованы статистические данные, экспертные оценки и эмпирические прогнозы. Методы построены с учетом проникно -вения наиболее востребованных и перспективных услуг связи в СУМЗ, а так же изменения числа пользователей и удельного трафика пользователя.

Methods for determining the dynamic allocation of service points (data centers) and traffic prediction for ultra-low latency networks are proposed. Statistical data, expert assessments, and empirical forecasts were used for the development of the traffic prediction method. The methods are built taking into account the penetration of the most popular and promising telecommunication services in the ultra-low latency networks, as well as changes in the number of users and the amount of specific user traffic.
INTEGRATED PROCESSING OF INFORMATION ON THE COVERAGE AREA STATUS OF THE MOBILE OPERATOR’S NETWORK USING FUZZY INFERENCE ALGORITHM
Authors: СОРОКИН А.А. , КВЯТКОВСКАЯ И.Ю.
Published: July 2021

Для обработки информации о состоянии зоны покрытия сети (ЗПС) оператора мобильной связи построена иерархическая система нечеткого вывода (СНВ), по результатам работы которой формируются интегральная оценка участка ЗПС и массив промежуточных переменных, характеризующих состояние определенной группы параметров. Численные эксперименты по исследованию работы предложенной иерархической СНВ показали, что каждая из входных переменных оказывает достаточно высокое влияние на итоговую интегральную оценку. Предложенные положения закладывают основу для создания информационно-измерительного комплекса, позволяющего идентифицировать состояние участков ЗПС на основании интеграции факторов технического и социально-экономического характера. С использованием полученных результатов разработаны и зарегистрированы программы для оценки качества телекоммуникационных услуг, оказываемых оператором мобильной связи, и идентификации состояния мобильных абонентских устройств.

To processthe information on thestateofthenetworkcoverage area of the mobile communication operator, a hierarchical system of fuzzy inference has been built. Numerical experiments to study the work of the proposed hierarchical system of fuzzy input showed that each of the input variables has a rather high impact on the final integral score. The proposed provisions lay the foundation for the formation of an information-measuring complex for identifying the status of the telecommunications network coverage area based on the integration of technical and socio-economic factors. Using the obtained results, programs were developed and registered for assessing the quality of telecommunication services and identifying the status of mobile subscriber devices.
FEATURES OF ADJUNCT TRAINING IN MILITARY UNIVERSITIES
Authors: САМОХИН В.Ф. , БАГРЕЦОВ С.А. , МИТРОФАНОВ М.В. , ЛАУТА О.С.
Published: July 2021

Анализируется состояние подготовки адъюнктов в военных вузах (на примере Военной академии связи). Показано, что перевод адъюнктской подготовки с формы подготовки высших научных кадров в рамках послевузовского образования на один из уровней высшего профессионального образования (в соответствии с ФЗ «Об образовании в Российской Федерации», первый уровень - бакалавриат, второй - магистратура и специалитет, третий - аспирантура) отрицательно сказался на каче -стве работы адъюнктов над диссертациями, особенно на сроках их представления в диссертационные советы. Приведены результаты исследований по выявлению различного рода барьеров в адъюнктской подготовке. Предложен ряд мероприятий, реализация которых позволит оптимизировать работу научно-педагогических коллективов военных вузов с адъюнктами.

The article analyzes the state of adjunct training in military universities on the example of the Military Academy of Communications. It is shown that the transfer of adjunct training to one of the levels of higher education had a negative impact on the quality of thesis work and especially on the timing of their submission to dissertation councils. Several measures have been proposed, the implementation of which will optimize the work of the scientific and pedagogical teams of military universities in terms of improving the adjunct training.
TO THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE CREATION OF THE RADIO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE’S LOGO
Authors: ВАСИЛЬЕВ А.В. , ПАВЛЮК А.П.
Published: July 2021

Показаны первые шаги Научно-исследовательского института радио (НИИР) на международной арене в начале 90-х годов прошлого века,потребовавшие наличия эмблемы НИИР на русском и английском языках,а также перевода названия организации на английский язык. Непосредственные участники этих работ представляют перипетии создания эмблемы и трудности перевода наименования института.

The article considers the history of the first steps of the Radio Research and Development Institute (NIIR) at the international arena in the early 90's of the last century, which required the creation of the NIIR’s logo in Russian and English, as well as an accurate translation of the name of this organization in English. Rather unusual peripeteias of these events are described in the article, the authors of which are direct participants of the described activities.
METHODOLOGY FOR SUBSTANTIATING THE RATIONAL ROUTE OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION IN THE INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COMPLEX IMPACT OF THE ENEMY
Authors: БАГРЕЦОВ С.А. , АЧКАСОВ Н.Б. , ЛАУТА О.С. , ВАСЮКОВ Д.Ю.
Published: July 2021

Представлены подходы к повышению устойчивости функционирования информационно-телекоммуникационной сети, которые способствуют оптимизации процесса передачи данных среди обменников информации за счет повышения быстродействия и нахождения оптимального пути передачи данных. Отмечается, что сокращение времени обмена информацией между абонентами будет происходит по наиболее короткому пути и это должно существенно повлиять на качество информации,ее важность и необходимость при ведении боевых действий в условиях радиоэлектронного противодействия противника.

Various approaches to improving the stability of telecommunications networks, which lead to optimizing the data transfer process by increasing the speed and finding the most optimal data transfer path, are presented. It is noted that the reduction of the data exchange time between subscribers will occur along the shortest path, which will significantly affect the quality of information, its importance, and the need for conducting combat operations in the condition of electronic counteraction of the enemy.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS BASED ON RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION USING SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: БУТЕНКО В.В. , БАГДАСАРЯН А.С. , БАГДАСАРЯН С.А. , НИКОЛАЕВ В.И.
Published: July 2021

Представлен подход к управлению критически важными процессами с использованием инфокоммуникационных систем и стремительно развивающейся технологии поверхностных акустических волн (ПАВ). Проведен краткий анализ принципов работы,особенностей проектирования,методик расчета и найдены оптимальные решения радиочастотных компонентов на ПАВ для RFID-систем. Выполнен анализ способов повышения эффективности RFID-систем для защиты информации от несанкционированного доступа в телекоммуникационных системах. Разработан метод выбора оптимальной радиочастотной системы идентификации с учетом совокупности количественных показателей ее качества. Обоснованы и формализованы основные показатели комплексной оценки эффективности RFID-систем. Разработана методология выбора оптимальной RFID-системы на основе теории нечетких множеств.

An approach to the management of critical processes using info-communication systems and the rapidly developing technology of surface acoustic waves (SAW) is presented. A brief analysis of the principles of operation, design features, calculation methods is carried out, and optimal solutions of radio frequency components based on SAW for RFID systems are found. The analysis of ways to improve the efficiency of RFID systems for information access security in telecommunication systems is performed. A method for choosing an optimal radio frequency identification system has been developed taking into account a set of quantitative indicators of its quality. The main indicators of a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of RFID systems are substantiated and formalized. A methodology for choosing the optimal RFID system based on the theory of fuzzy values has been developed.
mujeres en situación de violencia y acceso a la justicia en el Noroeste Argentino.
Authors: Marchese Fernanda María , Rotondo María Fernanda , Espíndola Pinela Ariadna Soledad
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo propone no solo investigar cuales son los obstáculos que encuentran las mujeres, cis, trans, lesbianas, pertenecientes a diferentes sectores: mujeres indígenascampesinas, migrantes y defensoras de derechos humanos, frente al acceso a la justicia, sino también proponer y llevar adelante una solución a los mismos.
Efecto de la dieta cetogénica baja en calorías sobre la composición corporal en adultos con sobrepeso y obesidad: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Authors: Díaz-Muñoz Gustavo Alfonso , Castañeda-Gómez Ángela María , Belalcázar-Monsalve María Paula , Zambrano-Salazar Juan Pablo , Bautista-Velandia María Camila , Ballesteros-Arbeláez Felipe
Published: July 2021

Introducción: la dieta cetogénica baja en calorías (DC) se conoce por su efecto para reducir el peso corporal. La pérdida de peso saludable debe reducir la grasa corporal y mantener la masa muscular, pero los metaanálisis previos no han evaluado estos cambios. El objetivo de este metaanálisis fue cuantificar el efecto de la dieta cetogénica comparada con una dieta hipocalórica (DH), sobre los cambios de composición corporal en adultos con exceso de peso. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis según la metodología Cochrane. Se consultaron 5 bases de datos usando los términos “Body Weight” OR “Body Composition” AND “Diet, Ketogenic”. Se incluyeron estudios experimentales controlados, seguimiento ≥4 semanas realizados en adultos con IMC ≥25 kg/m2 y desenlaces de peso y composición corporal. Resultados: la búsqueda arrojó 492 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 10 para el metaanálisis y solo 3 presentaron bajo riesgo de sesgo. El metaanálisis indicó que la dieta cetogénica, respecto a la dieta hipocalórica, promueve mayor pérdida de peso (-6,9 kg, intervalo de confianza [IC] 95 %: -10,4; -3,3), de índice de masa corporal (IMC; -1,6 kg/m2; IC 95 %: -3,0; -0,2) y masa grasa (-0,8 kg; IC 95 %: -1,1; -0,5). No se encontró suficiente información para indagar sobre la masa muscular. Los riesgos de sesgo junto con el sesgo de publicación y de reporte podrían estar sobreestimando el efecto de la dieta cetogénica. Conclusiones: en adultos con exceso de peso y con seguimiento hasta de 12 meses, la dieta cetogénica, comparada con la dieta hipocalórica, presentó mayor pérdida de peso, disminución del IMC y reducción en la masa grasa, pero podría estar sobreestimado por sesgos de publicación o reporte. Por lo anterior, se considera innecesario emplear la dieta cetogénica para el control del peso corporal. Palabras clave: dieta cetogénica, sobrepeso, obesidad, metaanálisis.