bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLICAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE CONCENTRAÇÃO DE RUGOSIDADE (ICR) PARA ANÁLISE DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS E PARA TRAÇADO DE LINEAMENTOS ESTRUTURAIS
Authors: Flores Diego Moraes , Oliveira Déborah De
Published: January 2017

RESUMOO presente trabalhou aplicou o índice ICR (índice de concentração de rugosidade) em três bacias hidrográficas (bacias dos rios Coutinho, Maracujá e Campo Real), localizadas no município de Guarapuava, no centro sul do Estado do Paraná.O ICR se mostrou uma técnica adequada para identificação da dissecação do relevo, pois identificou com precisão as zonas de grande interferência tectônica, a partir dos lineamentos traçados, demonstrando as áreas com maior e menor incisão fluvial. Além disso, a visualização das zonas de intensidade de ICR facilitou uma interpretação geral da disposição das morfologias que compõem o relevo, sejam elas ligadas direta ou indiretamente às zonas de falha e fratura.Palavras-Chave: ICR; Lineamentos; declividade.
The fungal pathogens causing diseases in pines
Authors: Raitelaitytė Kristina , Rutkauskas Arvydas , Radzijevskaja Jana , Žukauskienė Judita , Markovskaja Svetlana , Paulauskas Algimantas
Published: January 2017

Fungal infections are the main cause of emerging infectious diseases in forest trees. Over the past decades, the number of invasive fungal pathogens in Europe has increased exponentially. In this paper the  fungal pathogens causing the  most common diseases in pines like Dothistroma needle blight, brown spot needle blight, Lophodermium needle cast, Scots pine blister rust, Scleroderris canker, and Pitch canker were analyzed. These diseases cause defoliation, increase susceptibility of plants to other diseases and pests, and tree mortality can also occur. As a result, the forest industry is suffering severe economic losses. The fungi species causing infection in forest trees have been described as serious pathogens across the  world including Europe, confirming a  fast spread of their ranges. Knowledge of pathogens distribution, life cycle and disease symptoms are essential for the diagnostic and control of pathogenic fungi. Human-driven species expansion has increased in the last century due to the growth of international travel and trade, resulting in huge disturbance to ecosystems. Most of the plant diseases are strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Climate change has important consequences on plants, pathogens, and the interaction between them, resulting in changes on diseases epidemics. Fungal infections of plants are difficult to control because pathogens populations are variable in time, space, and genotypes. The potential damage in the future may be large, and that is why we have to be aware of the problems and discuss some possible approaches to reducing the threats.
COLT: Mark-up and Trends
Authors: Haslerud Vibeke , Stenström Anna-Brita
Published: January 2017

The following is a progress report on COLT (A Corpus of London Teenager Language), the first large English corpus focussing on the language of teenagers. The paper consists of two parts: a description of the mark-up system that will be used for the prosodic transcription of the material is followed by a report on the most obvious linguistic and interactional trends that immediately struck us when we looked at the data.
Natural Language Identification using Corpus-Based Models
Authors: Souter et al. Clive
Published: January 2017

This paper describes three approaches to the task of automatically identifying the language a text is written in. We conducted experiments to compare the success of each approach in identifying languages from a set of texts in Dutch/Friesian, English, French, Gaelic (Irish), German, Italian, Portuguese, Serbo-Croat and Spanish.....
Vore mænd i Havanna. Værkstedsrapport fra dansk-cubansk samarbejde om udarbejdelse af en genteknologisk ordbog
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Kaufmann Uwe , Tarp Sven
Published: January 2017

No abstract.
Representaciones interculturales del exilio. Los usos de la videoperformance del artista-Prometeo Fernando Baena / Intercultural representations of Exile. Uses of videoperformance of Prometeus-artist Fernando Baena
Authors: Alfonso Bouhaben Miguel , Piñeiro Aguiar Eleder
Published: January 2017

En el presente trabajo se aborda el análisis de los usos de las videoperformances de Fernando Baena con el fin de definir las problemáticas del exilio económico español en las últimas décadas y las complejidades del diálogo intercultural entre Europa y Latinoamérica. Para ello, es necesario plantear las razones de la migración de cerebros a Ecuador gracias a las becas Prometeo. Asimismo, resulta fundamental describir las trabadas relaciones entre conocimiento, colonialidad e interculturalidad. Las obras de Baena en Ecuador, Coraza (2015) e Historias de Cuenca (2015) son un ejemplo claro de representaciones interculturales en el exilio.Palabras clave: Representación intercultural; Exilio económico; Becas Prometeo; Videoperformance; Decolonialidad. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the uses of videoperformances of Fernando Baena order to reflect on the problems of the Spanish economic exile in recent decades and the complexities of intercultural dialogue between Europe and Latin America. It is therefore necessary to consider the reasons for the ‘brain migration’ to Ecuador thanks to Prometheus scholarships. Baena works in Ecuador, Coraza (2015) and Historias de Cuenca (2015) are a clear example of intercultural representations in exile. Keywords: Intercultural representation; Economic exile; Prometheus scholarships; Videoperformance; Decoloniality.
Exílio político brasileiro e circulação revolucionária internacional: um olhar para a Rede Solidariedade / Brazilian Political Exile and International Revolutionary Movement: a look at the Solidarity Network
Authors: Badan Ribeiro Maria Claudia
Published: January 2017

A pesquisa que ampara este artigo teve como foco investigar os graus de relações políticas estabelecidas entre o movimento revolucionário brasileiro e o exterior, em países que favoreceram tanto a luta de brasileiros, como serviram de acolhimento e proteção aos exilados e perseguidos políticos. O presente texto traz um olhar sobre a Rede Solidariedade, grupo de apoio francês formado por antigos combatentes da Guerra da Argélia que deu contribuições importantes a diferentes movimentos revolucionários no Brasil e na América Latina. Ditadura, Militância política brasileira, Luta armada, Redes de apoio estrangeiras, Exílio. Our research focuses on investigating the degree of political relationship between the Brazilian revolutionary movement and others countries that have favored the struggle of Brazilian exiles. This text provides a look at the Solidarity Network, French support group formed by veterans of the Algerian War that has made significant contributions to various revolutionary movements in Brazil and Latin America. Keywords: Dictatorship, Brazilian Political Activism, Guerrilla, Foreign Support Networks, Exile
La diáspora obligada a partir del ‘arreo’: aproximaciones a poemas de Juan Pablo Riveros y Christian Formoso / Round-up forced diaspora in poems by Juan Pablo Riveros y Christian Formoso
Authors: Mellado Silvia Renee
Published: January 2017

En una serie de trabajos, he abordado la representación de los traslados forzosos del pueblo mapuche y tehuelche (1870 - 1900), a partir de la imagen del ‘arreo’, en textos actuales del ‘área cultural sur’ (Espinosa 2014). El presente trabajo intenta continuar las indagaciones sobre las relaciones entre sujeto, cuerpo y mercancía vinculadas con la ganadería a partir de un corpus de poemas pertenecientes a Juan Pablo Riveros y Christian Formoso. En especial, las relaciones que se establecen entre el exterminio de los pueblos australes durante el proceso de colonización del siglo XIX y las detenciones en el marco de la dictadura cívico militar de chile (1973 -1990). Palabras clave: poesía, arreo, Patagonia austral, Riveros, Formoso. In a group of works in “Área Cultural Sur” (Espinosa, 2014), I have dealt with the representation of the forced moves of the Mapuche and Tehuelche people ((1870 – 1900) based on the image of “The roundup” (arreo).  The present work aims to continue the enquiry about the relationship between subject, body and goods in connection to stockbreeding by exploring a corpus of poems by Juan Pablo Riveros and Christian Formoso. I particularly aim to explore the relation between the extermination of the southern people during the process of colonization in the XIX century and the detentions during the civic- military dictatorship in Chile (1973-1990). Keywords: Poetry, roundup (‘arreo’), Southern Patagonia, Riveros, Formoso.
Exilios cruzados: representaciones, identidades y memorias en los exilios europeos y latinoamericanos del siglo XX y XXI / Crossed Exiles: memory, representations and identities in the European and Latinoamerican Exiles of XXth and XXIth centuries
Authors: Simón Porolli Paula
Published: January 2017

Presentación del monográfico "Exilios cruzados: representaciones, identidades y memorias en los exilios europeos y latinoamericanos del siglo XX y XXI"
'Comunicación musical y cultura popular. Una introducción crítica' de Antonio Méndez Rubio
Authors: García del Río Antonio
Published: January 2017

Reseña de Méndez Rubio  Antonio (2016). Comunicación musical y cultura popular. Una introducción crítica. Valencia: Tirant Humanidades.
El testimonio recurrente de la experiencia concentracionaria de Jorge Semprún: dar voz al silencio y a la palabra
Authors: Coca Méndez Beatriz
Published: January 2017

La prosa sempruniana se caracteriza por la circularidad y la reiteración de ciertos episodios vividos, que ilustran pasajes de su narrativa –autobiográfica y de ficción. La iteración, más que recurso estilístico, parece dar consistencia a una inquietud de primer orden: dar consistencia al recuerdo de una experiencia límite y, por ello, perseguir sin descanso su vitalidad para que sea contraofensiva al olvido. El paso por Buchenwald es una vivencia capital para el escritor-testigo, ya que lo inefable de dicha experiencia requiere una organización estética que dé cartas de naturaleza a la sustancia que la nutre. La estructura reticular se torna una sutil tela de araña que enlaza los diferentes episodios, con la esperanza de dar voz a los acallados y a los que sobrevivieron.  Palabras clave: prosa concentracionaria; Buchenwald; memoria; autobiografía; Jorge Semprún.
Los olores de Buchenwald. Memoria olfativa de Jorge Semprún en La escritura o la vida
Authors: García Cames David
Published: January 2017

La literatura de los supervivientes de los campos se expresa como una tensión entre la exigencia ética del testimonio y la búsqueda de la palabra precisa que sepa dar cuenta de él. Este trabajo aborda uno de los clásicos de la literatura concentracionaria, La escritura o la vida (1994) de Jorge Semprún, a partir del análisis de los mecanismos descriptivos mediante los cuales el autor se acerca a los olores que era posible percibir en Buchenwald. La memoria olfativa se constituye como una forma de construcción de la otredad cuya pregnancia queda fijada en la escritura. La persistencia de ese recuerdo sensorial simboliza para Semprún la vivencia directa de la muerte y la condición inefable de su paso por el Lager.  Palabras clave: Jorge Semprún; literatura concentracionaria; memoria olfativa; inefabilidad; otredad.
'Maus' y 'El arte de volar': dos representaciones paradigmáticas del universo concentracionario
Authors: García Navarro Carmen
Published: January 2017

La conjunción de lo visual y lo textual ofrece en el cómic una particular visión de la representación ficcional del referente histórico. Si bien los autores que nos ocupan (Spiegelman; Altarriba) no son testigos directos, la transmisión intergeneracional de lo vivido permite articular y reflexionar en sus narraciones sobre lo traumático, lo criminal y lo inhumano de estos campos de exterminio o internamiento que fueron tanto Auschwitz como, en el caso francés, Saint-Cyprien. El ejercicio metanarrativo de Maus o la apropiación de la voz testimonial del narrador de Altarriba son algunos de los recursos narrativos y gráficos sometidos aquí a análisis como estrategias para solventar la problemática representación de lo real, la experiencia traumática y la imagen de los campos de concentración.  Palabras clave: cómic; campos de concentración; memoria; testimonio; compromiso.
La memoria catalana de los campos de concentración franceses. Apuntes para una síntesis
Authors: García Raffi Josep Vicent
Published: January 2017

La diáspora republicana producida por el final de la Guerra Civil española significó el exilio de decenas de miles de personas. Muchas de ellas pasaron por los Pirineos y fueron internadas en grandes campos de concentración improvisados en playas y toda clase de lugares, sobre todo del Rosellón. Esta experiencia límite generó una gran variedad de textos de literatura memorialista de los exiliados republicanos. Una parte importante la realizaron refugiados catalanes, alguno de ellos escritores, otros ciudadanos anónimos que querían consignar lo que habían vivido con la derrota. Se trata de una literatura memorialística, autobiográfica o ficcional que ofrece una textualidad diversa.  Palabras clave: campos de concentración franceses; escritura concentracionaria; literatura catalana; literatura autobiográfica; diàspora republicana.
Presos en Rusia: la memoria española del Gulag durante el franquismo (1954-1975)
Authors: Guzmán Mora Jesús
Published: January 2017

Miembros de la División Azul y del exilio republicano permanecieron en los campos de trabajo rusos durante más de una década. A su vuelta, fueron utilizados por el régimen franquista para contribuir a la propaganda antisoviética que se desarrolló a lo largo de la dictadura. En primer lugar, el objetivo de este artículo es proponer una periodización para el corpus de la literatura española del Gulag durante el periodo 1954-1975. Y en segundo lugar, se analizan tres ejes temáticos para mostrar cómo el nuevo Estado aprovechó esta horrible experiencia con fines políticos.  Palabras clave: Gulag; División Azul; Exilio republicano en la URSS; España y la II Guerra Mundial.
Liana Millu e Charlotte Delbo: scrivere e riscrivere la memoria
Authors: Sanfilippo Marina
Published: January 2017

Questo lavoro propone un’analisi delle strategie di costruzione della memoria del lager usate da autrici che vissero la deportazione nazista e a tal scopo studia le opere di Millu e Delbo, due delle voci femminili più personali della letteratura della Shoah caratterizzate da una poetica frammentaria, in cui la riscrittura ossessiva di alcuni episodi occupa un luogo cruciale. Considero opportuno stabilire tra le due autrici un parallelismo che, superando i confini delle letterature nazionali, serva ad evidenziare possibili coincidenze tematiche e strutturali e a verificare la solidità di ipotesi generali su caratteristiche specifiche della scrittura a mano femminile nella letteratura concentrazionaria.  Parole chiave: Charlotte Delbo; Liana Millu; memoria; letteratura della Shoah; prospettiva di genere.
La influencia de las nuevas tecnologías en la traducción: el traductor en la era de internet
Authors: Barceló Martínez Tanagua , García Luque Francisca
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo pretende describir cuáles son las principales modificaciones que Internet ha introducido en el quehacer de traductores e intérpretes, desde su etapa formativa hasta su vida laboral. Para ello, haremos un breve recorrido histórico para dar cuenta de otros hitos que han marcado la historia de estas dos profesiones hasta desembocar en las últimas décadas del siglo XX, profundamente marcadas por la irrupción de este fenómeno.Palabras clave: traducción; interpretación; Internet; nuevas tecnologías.
El traductor en el laberinto jurídico: el caso Dreyfus
Authors: Campos Martín Natalia , Birch Méndez Jasmine
Published: January 2017

El affaire Dreyfus fue un acontecimiento que estremeció a la sociedad francesa a finales del siglo XIX y, por ello, se convirtió en un fenómeno social que tuvo grandes repercusiones en Francia tanto a nivel político como social gracias a la información que facilitó la prensa y los medios de comunicación de la época. El llamado caso Dreyfus llegó a convertirse en la causa común de numerosos intelectuales (como Émile Zola, con su famoso artículo J’accuse) y sindicatos. Nuestro objetivo será, por tanto, el de analizar el laberinto lingüístico y terminológico al que se enfrenta el traductor de textos jurídicos, y para ello hemos elegido las sentencias del tres de junio de 1899 y del doce de julio de 1906 que fueron emitidas por la Cour de cassation francesa sobre este caso. Palabras clave: affaire Dreyfus; traducción judicial; terminología jurídica, arrêt; Cour de cassation.
Excitation and inhibition in anterior cingulate predict use of past experiences
Authors: Scholl Jacqueline , Kolling Nils , Nelissen Natalie , Stagg Charlotte J , Harmer Catherine J , Rushworth Matthew FS
Published: January 2017

Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) mediates updating and maintenance of cognitive models of the world used to drive adaptive reward-guided behavior. We investigated the neurochemical underpinnings of this process. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy in humans, to measure levels of glutamate and GABA in dACC. We examined their relationship to neural signals in dACC, measured with fMRI, and cognitive task performance. Both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in dACC were predictive of the strength of neural signals in dACC and behavioral adaptation. Glutamate levels were correlated, first, with stronger neural activity representing information to be learnt about the tasks’ costs and benefits and, second, greater use of this information in the guidance of behavior. GABA levels were negatively correlated with the same neural signals and the same indices of behavioral influence. Our results suggest that glutamate and GABA in dACC affect the encoding and use of past experiences to guide behavior.
Forward Head Posture and Activation of Rectus Capitis Posterior Muscles
Authors: Hallgren Richard C. , Pierce Steven J. , Sharma Dhruv B. , Rowan Jacob J.
Published: January 2017

Context: Rectus capitis posterior (RCP) muscles have physical attachments to the pain-sensitive spinal dura. Atrophy of these muscles is associated with chronic headache in some patients. The authors suspect that the significance of atrophy in the RCP muscles has been undervalued because the functional role of these muscles is not well defined.

Objective: To determine whether a statistically significant change in normalized levels of electromyographic activity in RCP muscles occurs when the head is voluntarily moved from a self-selected neutral head position to a protruded head position.

Methods: Fine wire, intramuscular electrodes were used to collect electromyographic data as asymptomatic participants moved their head from a neutral head position into a forward head position and back into the neutral head position. This sequence was repeated 4 times. Normalized levels of electromyographic activity were quantified using a 2-head position × 2 sides of the body repeated measures design that incorporated mixed-effects β regression models.

Results: Twenty participants were studied. Electromyographic activity collected from RCP muscles was found to increase as the head was voluntarily moved from a self-selected neutral head position (11% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC] in RCP minor, 14% of MVIC in RCP major) into a protruded head position (35% of MVIC in RCP minor, 39% of MVIC in RCP major) (P<.001).

Conclusion: Rectus capitis posterior muscles may contribute to segmental stabilization of the occipitoatlantal and atlantoaxial joints by helping to maintain joint congruency during movement of the head.
Delirium Update for Postacute Care and Long-Term Care Settings: A Narrative Review
Authors: Forsberg Martin M.
Published: January 2017

Advances have been made in our understanding of the neuropathogenesis, recognition, and strategies for reducing the incidence of delirium in acute-care settings. However, relatively little attention has been given to delirium in elderly patients in the postacute care (PAC) and long-term care (LTC) settings. The present article reviews the most relevant current research pertaining to this population. Hospital patients with delirium are often discharged to PAC settings. Delirium that develops in the LTC setting is often more insidious and subtle in presentation. Despite incorporating systematic screening tools for delirium in PAC and LTC settings, delirium prevention strategies have not yet been shown to be beneficial beyond the acute-care setting. The management of delirium combined with dementia and guidance on when it is appropriate to use antipsychotic medications is also discussed.
An updated assessment ofSymbiodiniumspp. that associate with common scleractinian corals from Moorea (French Polynesia) reveals high diversity among background symbionts and a novel finding of clade B
Authors: Rouzé Héloïse , Lecellier Gaël J. , Saulnier Denis , Planes Serge , Gueguen Yannick , Wirshing Herman H. , Berteaux-Lecellier Véronique
Published: January 2017

The adaptative bleaching hypothesis (ABH) states that, depending on the symbiotic flexibility of coral hosts (i.e., the ability of corals to “switch” or “shuffle” their algal symbionts), coral bleaching can lead to a change in the composition of their associatedSymbiodiniumcommunity and, thus, contribute to the coral’s overall survival. In order to determine the flexibility of corals, molecular tools are required to provide accurate species delineations and to detect low levels of coral-associatedSymbiodinium. Here, we used highly sensitive quantitative (real-time) PCR (qPCR) technology to analyse five common coral species from Moorea (French Polynesia), previously screened using only traditional molecular methods, to assess the presence of low-abundance (background)Symbiodiniumspp. Similar to other studies, each coral species exhibited a strong specificity to a particular clade, irrespective of the environment. In addition, however, each of the five species harboured at least one additionalSymbiodiniumclade, among clades A–D, at background levels. Unexpectedly, and for the first time in French Polynesia, clade B was detected as a coral symbiont. These results increase the number of known coral-Symbiodiniumassociations from corals found in French Polynesia, and likely indicate an underestimation of the ability of the corals in this region to associate with and/or “shuffle” differentSymbiodiniumclades. Altogether our data suggest that corals from French Polynesia may favor a trade-off between optimizing symbioses with a specificSymbiodiniumclade(s), maintaining associations with particular background clades that may play a role in the ability of corals to respond to environmental change.
Sources and pathways of dust during the Australian “Millennium Drought” decade
Authors: O'Loingsigh Tadhg , Chubb Thomas , Baddock Matthew , Kelly Tyler , Tapper Nigel J. , De Deckker Patrick , McTainsh Grant
Published: January 2017

From the late 1990s to mid‐2010, Australia was affected by a prolonged period of drought, the “Millennium Drought,” during which numerous severe dust storms crossed the continent. We inspect this period to produce the first continental‐scale climatology of air‐parcel trajectories that is specific to dust and use it to gain new insights into dust transport dynamics over the eastern half of Australia. The analysis is based upon dust arrival times from airport meteorological observations made at nine mostly coastal cities for 2000–2009. The Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model was used to calculate 1.26 million backward trajectories from receptor cities, with only those trajectories associated with a dust storm observation considered in the analysis of dust transport. To tie dust trajectories from receptors to likely emission sources, trajectories were linked to six known major dust source regions in and around the Lake Eyre Basin. The Lake Eyre North ephemeral lake system, alluvial‐dominated Channel Country, and agricultural Mallee‐Riverina regions emerge as important sources for the period, providing variable contributions to different parts of the seaboard as controlled by different front‐related wind systems. Our study also provides new detail regarding dust pathways from continental Australia. For the Millennium Drought we identify that the broadly established Southeast Dust Path may be more accurately subdivided into three active pathways, driven by prefrontal northerly winds and a variation in the influence of frontal westerlies. The detail of these pathways has implications for dust delivery from specific Australian sources to different marine environments.
Summertime tropospheric ozone enhancement associated with a cold front passage due to stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport and biomass burning: Simultaneous ground‐based lidar and airborne measurements
Authors: Kuang Shi , Newchurch Michael J. , Johnson Matthew S. , Wang Lihua , Burris John , Pierce Robert B. , Eloranta Edwin W. , Pollack Ilana B. , Graus Martin , de Gouw Joost , Warneke Carsten , Ryerson Thomas B. , Markovic Milos Z. , Holloway John S. , Pour‐Biazar Arastoo , Huang Guanyu , Liu Xiong , Feng Nan
Published: January 2017

Stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT) and biomass burning (BB) are two important natural sources for tropospheric ozone that can result in elevated ozone and air‐quality episode events. High‐resolution observations of multiple related species are critical for complex ozone source attribution. In this article, we present an analysis of coinciding ground‐based and airborne observations, including ozone lidar, ozonesonde, high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL), and multiple airborne in situ measurements, made on 28 and 29 June 2013 during the Southeast Nexus field campaign. The ozone lidar and HSRL reveal detailed ozone and aerosol structures as well as the temporal evolution associated with a cold front passage. The observations also captured two enhanced (+30 ppbv) ozone layers in the free troposphere (FT), which were determined from this study to be caused by a mixture of BB and stratospheric sources. The mechanism for this STT is tropopause folding associated with a cutoff upper level low‐pressure system according to the analysis of its potential vorticity structure. The depth of the tropopause fold appears to be shallow for this case compared to events observed in other seasons; however, the impact on lower tropospheric ozone was clearly observed. This event suggests that strong STT may occur in the southeast United States during the summer and can potentially impact lower troposphere during these times. Statistical analysis of the airborne observations of trace gases suggests a coincident influence of BB transport in the FT impacting the vertical structure of ozone during this case study.
Liposomal Delivery Enhances Immune Activation by STING Agonists for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Koshy Sandeep T. , Cheung Alexander S. , Gu Luo , Graveline Amanda R. , Mooney David J.
Published: January 2017

Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to realizing the potential of cancer immunotherapy strategies. Agonists of stimulator of interferon genes (STING), a cytosolic immune adaptor protein, have been shown to induce potent antitumor activity when delivered into the TME. However, the anionic properties of STING agonists make them poorly membrane permeable, and limit their ability to engage STING in the cytosol of responding cells. In this study, cationic liposomes with varying surface polyethylene glycol levels are used to encapsulate 2′3′ cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) to facilitate its cytosolic delivery. In vitro studies with antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) revealed that liposomal formulations substantially improve the cellular uptake of cGAMP and proinflammatory gene induction relative to free drug. Liposomal encapsulation allows cGAMP delivery to metastatic melanoma tumors in the lung, leading to antitumor activity, whereas free drug produces no effect at the same dose. Injection of liposomal cGAMP into orthotopic melanoma tumors shows retention of cGAMP at the tumor site and colocalization with tumor‐associated APCs. Liposomal delivery induces regression of injected tumors and produces immunological memory that protects previously treated mice from rechallenge with tumor cells. These results show that liposomal delivery improves STING agonist activity, and could improve their utility in clinical oncology.
The Challenge of Measuring Strain in FDSOI Device Structures – HRXRD as a Potential Method of Resolution
Authors: Geisler Holm , Weisheit Martin , Hofmann Petra , Engelmann Hans‐Juergen
Published: January 2017

The strain state of Si1‐xGex/SiO2 dummy structures on FDSOI wafers is non‐destructively characterized by HRXRD reciprocal space mapping. A transition from biaxial to uniaxial strain is detected on narrow condensed Si1‐xGex lines with shallow trench isolation (STI), revealing an increasing in‐plane elastic strain relaxation perpendicular to the trenches with decreasing line width, but no strain relaxation parallel to the trenches. The degree of crystallinity of Si1‐xGex lines degrades with increasing annealing temperature and time. An additional elastic strain reduction appears in the direction parallel to the STI trenches after deposition of source‐drain Si1‐yGey islands between dummy gates. The separation of the Si1‐xGex peaks from Si1‐yGey remains unresolved if x and y are close to each other.
High performance of la‐promoted Fe2O3/α‐Al2O3oxygen carrier for chemical looping combustion
Authors: Tian Ming , Wang Chaojie , Li Lin , Wang Xiaodong
Published: January 2017

Iron oxide supported oxygen carrier (OC) is regarded to a promising candidate for chemical looping combustion (CLC). However, phase separation between Fe2O3and supports often occurs resulted from the severe sintering of supports during calcination, which leads to the sintering and breakage of Fe2O3thus the decrease of redox reactivity. In this article, La‐promoted Fe2O3/α‐Al2O3were used as OCs for CLC of CH4and for the first time found that the OC with the addition of 18 wt % La exhibited outstanding reactivity and redox stability during 50 cycles of CLC of CH4. Such a superior performance originated from the formation of LaAl12O19hexaaluminate (La‐HA) phase with not only small particle size but also excellent thermal stability at CLC conditions, which worked as a binder to prevent the phase separation thereby the sintering and breakage of active species α‐Fe2O3were avoided during reaction. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 63: 2827–2838, 2017
TEMPO‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Thiols for Metal‐Free Formation of S−N/S−S Bonds
Authors: Yang Liting , Li Shuding , Dou Yingchao , Zhen Shan , Li Heng , Zhang Panke , Yuan Bingxin , Yang Guanyu
Published: January 2017

Catalytic syntheses of organic sulfenamides and disulfides have great significance and value in synthetic chemistry and bioscience. To establish a versatile and efficient technology for such reactions, an aerobic oxidative coupling method for the formation of S−N and S−S bonds, using TEMPO as a catalyst and O2 as an oxidant, has been successfully developed. Reactions showed good tolerance toward various amines and thiols. Sulfenamides were produced in up to 99 % yield, while disulfides were formed in up to 97 % yield in one‐pot syntheses. Activation of the N−H bond by 2,2‐disbenzothiazoledisulfide showed the great potential in organic synthesis.
Analysis of sea almond (Terminalia catappa) cracking sites used by wild Burmese long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea)
Authors: Falótico Tiago , Spagnoletti Noemi , Haslam Michael , Luncz Lydia V. , Malaivijitnond Suchinda , Gumert Michael
Published: January 2017

Nut‐cracking is shared by all non‐human primate taxa that are known to habitually use percussive stone tools in the wild: robust capuchins (Sapajus spp.), western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus), and Burmese long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea). Despite opportunistically processing nuts, Burmese long‐tailed macaques predominantly use stone tools to process mollusks in coastal environments. Here, we present the first comprehensive survey of sea almond (Terminalia catappa) nut‐cracking sites created by macaques. We mapped T. catappa trees and nut‐cracking sites that we encountered along the intertidal zone and forest border on the coasts of Piak Nam Yai Island, Thailand. For each nut‐cracking site, we measured the physical properties (i.e., size, weight, use‐wear) of hammer stones and anvils. We found that T. catappa trees and nut‐cracking sites primarily occurred on the western coast facing the open sea, and cracking sites clusters around the trees. We confirmed previous results that nut cracking tools are among the heaviest tools used by long‐tailed macaques; however, we found our sample of T. catappa stone tools lighter than a previously collected sea almond sample that, unlike our sample, was collected immediately after use within the intertidal zone. The difference was likely the result of tidal influences on tool‐use sites. We also found that tool accumulations above the intertidal region do not resemble those within them, possibly leading to incomplete assessments of macaque stone tools through archaeological techniques that would use these durable sites.
Seed‐Assisted Synthesis of MWW‐Type Zeolite with Organic Structure‐Directing Agent‐Free Na‐Aluminosilicate Gel System
Authors: Kamimura Yoshihiro , Itabashi Keiji , Kon Yoshihiro , Endo Akira , Okubo Tatsuya
Published: January 2017

The seed‐assisted synthesis of zeolites without using organic structure‐directing agents (OSDAs) has enabled alternative routes to the simple, environmentally friendly and low‐cost production of industrially important zeolites. In this study, the successful seed‐assisted synthesis of MCM‐22 (MWW‐type) zeolite with an OSDA‐free gel is reported for the first time. MWW‐type zeolites are obtained by the addition of as‐synthesized MCM‐22 seeds prepared with hexamethyleneimine (HMI) into OSDA‐free Na‐aluminosilicate gels. Based on the results of XRD, ICP‐AES, NMR, N2physisorption and NH3‐TPD, the product exhibited different features compared to those of the seeds. The H‐form product can serve as a catalyst in Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction of anisole with 1‐phenylethanol, and its catalytic activity is comparable to the seeds. Furthermore, XRD, FE‐SEM, TG‐DTA, CHN, FT‐IR and NMR analyses of products and intermediates provide insights into the role of seeds and occluded HMI, the crystallization process, and key factors for achieving seed‐assisted synthesis of MWW‐type zeolites with an OSDA‐free gel system. The present results provide a new perspective for the economical and environmentally friendly production of MWW‐type zeolites.
Antileishmanial Activity and Immunomodulatory Effects of Tricin Isolated from Leaves of Casearia arborea (Salicaceae)
Authors: Santos Augusto L. , Yamamoto Eduardo S. , Passero Luiz Felipe D. , Laurenti Márcia D. , Martins Ligia F. , Lima Marta L. , Uemi Miriam , Soares Marisi G. , Lago João Henrique G. , Tempone Andre G. , Sartorelli Patricia
Published: January 2017

Bioactivity‐guided fractionation of antileishmanial active extract from leaves of Casearia arborea led to isolation of three metabolites: tricin (1), 1′,6′‐di‐O‐β‐d‐vanilloyl glucopyranoside (2) and vanillic acid (3). Compound 1 demonstrated the highest activity against the intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum, with an IC50 value of 56 μm. Tricin (1) demonstrated selectivity in mammalian cells (SI > 7) and elicited immunomodulatory effect on host cells. The present work suggests that tricin modulated the respiratory burst of macrophages to a leishmanicidal state, contributing to the parasite elimination. Therefore, the natural compound tricin could be further explored in drug design studies for leishmaniasis treatment.
Dinuclear Iron(III) and Nickel(II) Complexes Containing N‐(2‐Pyridylmethyl)‐N′‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine: Catalytic Oxidation and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Jeong Ah Rim , Shin Jong Won , Jeong Jong Hwa , Bok Kwon Hee , Kim Cheal , Jeong Donghyun , Cho Jaeheung , Hayami Shinya , Min Kil Sik
Published: January 2017

Dinuclear FeIII and NiII complexes, [(phenO)Fe(N3)]2(NO3)2 (1) and [(phenOH)Ni(N3)2]2 (2), were prepared by treating Fe(NO3)3⋅9 H2O and Ni(NO3)2⋅6 H2O in methanol, respectively, with phenOH (=N‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐N′‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine) and NaN3; both 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Two ethoxo‐bridged FeIII and two azido‐bridged NiII were observed in 1 and 2, respectively; corresponding antiferromagnetic interaction via the bridged ethoxo groups and strong ferromagnetic coupling via the bridged end‐on azido ligands within the dimeric unit were observed. Complex 1 did not exhibit any catalytic activity, while 2 exhibited excellent catalytic activities for the epoxidation of aliphatic, aromatic, and terminal olefins.
Evaluation of proposed staging systems for human papillomavirus‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Malm Ian‐James , Fan Caleb J. , Yin Linda X. , Li David X. , Koch Wayne M. , Gourin Christine G. , Pitman Karen T. , Richmon Jeremy D. , Westra William H. , Kang Hyunseok , Quon Harry , Eisele David W. , Fakhry Carole
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) have improved survival when compared with those with HPV‐negative OPC. Unfortunately, the American Joint Committee on Cancer seventh edition (AJCC‐7ed) staging system does not account for the prognostic advantage observed with HPV‐positive OPC. The purpose of the current study was to validate and compare 2 recently proposed staging systems for HPV‐positive OPC.

METHODS

Patients treated for HPV‐positive OPC from 2005 to 2015 at Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) were included for analysis. The International Collaboration on Oropharyngeal cancer Network for Staging (ICON‐S) and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) staging systems were applied and survival was calculated using Kaplan‐Meier methods. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to determine the relationship between stage of disease and survival. Models were compared using the Akaike information criterion (AIC).

RESULTS

A total of 435 patients were eligible for analysis. There was a dramatic shift in lymph node category and overall stage of disease when ICON‐S and MDACC stage were applied to the JHH cohort. There was superior stratification of overall survival and progression‐free survival by ICON‐S stage. Both proposed models had an improved fit based on AIC scores (P<.001 for both) over the AJCC‐7ed. The ICON‐S staging system had the lowest AIC score, and thus a better fit within the JHH population.

CONCLUSIONS

The current analysis provides external validation for both staging systems in an independent and heterogeneously treated patient population. Although the MDACC staging system is an improvement over the AJCC‐7ed, the ICON‐S stage provides superior stratification of overall and progression‐free survival, thereby supporting its use as the updated AJCC staging system for OPC. Cancer 2017;123:1768–1777. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Survivorship after lower gastrointestinal cancer: Patient‐reported outcomes and planning for care
Authors: Frick Melissa A. , Vachani Carolyn C. , Hampshire Margaret K. , Bach Christina , Arnold‐Korzeniowski Karen , Metz James M. , Hill‐Kayser Christine E.
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

There is significant need for quality follow‐up care to optimize long‐term outcomes for the growing population of lower gastrointestinal (GI) cancer survivors. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) provide valuable information regarding late and long‐term effects (LLTEs).

METHODS

A convenience sample from 1129 colon, rectal, and anal cancer survivors (n = 792; 218, and 119, respectively) who participated in an Internet‐based survivorship care plan (SCP) tool between May 2010 and October 2014 was used to examine patient‐reported demographics, treatment, and toxicity data. Responses from a follow‐up survey were reviewed.

RESULTS

The median age of diagnosis was 51 years, and 81% of survivors were Caucasian. The most commonly reported LLTEs for all survivors were neuropathy, fatigue, cognitive changes, changes in GI function, urogenital and sexual dysfunction, and dermatologic effects. The prevalence of these effects varied with time since diagnosis, treatment modality, and treatment center. Individuals who had survived anal cancer reported a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction and radiation‐induced dermatologic effects. Over 87% of users reported satisfaction levels of good to excellent using the SCP tool, and 69% reported that they intend to share the SCP with their health care team.

CONCLUSIONS

For lower GI cancer survivors, it is feasible to obtain PROs from an Internet‐based survivorship tool. Survivors report a wide spectrum of LLTEs, and these can be used to inform counseling at the time of diagnosis and to help anticipate and respond to disease‐related and treatment‐related sequelae during follow‐up. The authors are among the first to report on PROs in anal cancer survivors. Further investigation on the impact of SCPs on health care communication and use is needed. Cancer 2017;123:1860–1868. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Filter paper‐assisted cell transfer (FaCT) technique: A novel cell‐sampling technique for intraoperative diagnosis of central nervous system tumors
Authors: Kawamura Jumpei , Kamoshida Shingo , Shimakata Takaaki , Hayashi Yurie , Sakamaki Kuniko , Denda Tamami , Kawai Kenji , Kuwao Sadahito
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

Intraoperative diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors provides critical guidance to surgeons in the determination of surgical resection margins and treatment. The techniques and preparations used for the intraoperative diagnosis of CNS tumors include frozen sectioning and cytologic methods (squash smear and touch imprint). Cytologic specimens, which do not have freezing artifacts, are important as an adjuvant tool to frozen sections. However, if the amount of submitted tissue samples is limited, then it is difficult to prepare both frozen sections and squash smears or touch imprint specimens from a single sample at the same time. Therefore, the objective of this study was to derive cells directly from filter paper on which tumor samples are placed.

METHODS

The authors established the filter paper‐assisted cell transfer (FaCT) smear technique, in which tumor cells are transferred onto a glass slide directly from the filter paper sample spot after the biopsy is removed.

RESULTS

Cell yields and diagnostic accuracy of the FaCT smears were assessed in 40 CNS tumors. FaCT smears had ample cell numbers and well preserved cell morphology sufficient for cytologic diagnosis, even if the submitted tissues were minimal. The overall diagnostic concordance rates between frozen sections and FaCT smears were 90% and 87.5%, respectively (no significant differences). When combining FaCT smears with frozen sections, the diagnostic concordance rate rose to 92.5%.

CONCLUSIONS

The current results suggest that the FaCT smear technique is a simple and effective processing method that has significant value for intraoperative diagnosis of CNS tumors. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:277–282. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Insertion of Neurotransmitters into a Lipid Bilayer Membrane and Its Implication on Membrane Stability: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Shen Chun , Xue Minmin , Qiu Hu , Guo Wanlin
Published: January 2017

The signaling molecules in neurons, called neurotransmitters, play an essential role in the transportation of neural signals, during which the neurotransmitters interact with not only specific receptors, but also cytomembranes, such as synaptic vesicle membranes and postsynaptic membranes. Through extensive molecular dynamics simulations, the atomic‐scale insertion dynamics of typical neurotransmitters, including methionine enkephalin (ME), leucine enkephalin (LE), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), and aspartic acid (ASP), into lipid bilayers is investigated. The results show that the first three neurotransmitters (ME, LE, and DA) are able to diffuse freely into both 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (POPC) and 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine (POPE) membranes, and are guided by the aromatic residues Tyr and Phe. Only a limited number of these neurotransmitters are allowed to penetrate into the membrane, which suggests an intrinsic mechanism by which the membrane is protected from being destroyed by excessive inserted neurotransmitters. After spontaneous insertion, the neurotransmitters disturb the surrounding phospholipids in the membrane, as indicated by the altered distribution of components in lipid leaflets and the disordered lipid tails. In contrast, the last two neurotransmitters (ACh and ASP) cannot enter the membrane, but instead always diffuse freely in solution. These findings provide an understanding at the atomic level of how neurotransmitters interact with the surrounding cytomembrane, as well as their impact on membrane behavior.
C=N Bond Activation and Hydration by an Iron(III) Complex with Asymmetric Sulfur Oxygenation
Authors: Wu Yun‐Ru , Chang Chia‐Ming , Wang Chia‐Chi , Hsieh Chang‐Chih , Horng Yih‐Chern
Published: January 2017

The presence of asymmetric cysteine sulfur‐oxygenation donors, consisting of sulfenate (SO), sulfinate (SO2), and thiolate (S), around a trivalent iron is essential for the catalytic function of Fe‐ or Co‐type nitrile hydratase (NHase). To gain insight into the role of this asymmetric ligation, an octahedral bisthiolate low‐spin FeIII complex and two of its S‐oxygenation derivatives, unprecedented mixed sulfinate/thiolate and O‐bound bissulfinate complexes, were generated. The placement of anionic nitrogen atoms trans to the thiolates in the bisthiolate complex caused the axial imino C=N bonds to be more polarized and thus resembled the activation of bound nitrile in nitrile hydratase. The polarization was found to be even more severe in the monosulfinate species, and hydration of the Fe‐bound C=N bond by HO– was observed. The generation of an O‐bound bissulfinate octahedral complex implied that the equatorial carboxamido and axial thiolate ligation in Fe‐NHase provided greater electron buffering capacity in keeping the electron density of the FeIII ion constant even in the presence of equatorial S‐oxygenations.