bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STM Spectroscopy of Star-Type Molecular Magnet
Authors: Alam MS , Chowdhury FA , Saalfrank RW , Postnikov AV , Müller P
Published: April 2012

In order to achieve a better understanding of how scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of metallo-complexes are related to the geometric and electronic structure, we performed scanning microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) techniques on [FeIIIFeIII 3L6] (L= N-methylaminediethanolate) star-type tetranuclear molecular magnet. The experiments were performed under ambient condition. We were able to image single molecule by STM with submolecular resolution. In our STS measurements we found a rather large signal at the positions of iron ion centers in the molecules. This direct addressing of metal centers was further confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10343  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 87-91 2012 (January)
Indanylation of Phenol with Indene in the presence of Benzenesulphonic Acid
Authors: Saha Manoranjan , Palma Bithi Scholastica , Saha Dipti , Alam Md Zahangir , Azim Md Alaul , Chowdhury AM Sarwaruddin , Kamruzzaman Mohammad
Published: April 2012

Indanylphenol has been obtained in high yield by the reaction of phenol with indene in the presence of benzenesulphonic acid. The effects of variation of temperature, molar ratio of phenol to indene, time of reaction and amount of benzenesulphonic acid have been studied on the reaction. The optimum conditions for the production of indanyl phenol have been determined.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10344Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 93-96 2012 (January)
Preparation and Characterization of Vitamin B12 Model Complexes
Authors: Shaikh AA , Reza Shabed , Rahman MS , Bakshi Pradip K
Published: April 2012

Cobaloxime complexes of the type [CoCl(DMGH)2(L)], where DMGH = dimethylglyoxime monoanion, L = tri-ethanolamine and 1,10- phenanthroline, were synthesized. The compounds were formulated on the basis of cobalt and chloride contents, IR and UV-visible spectral analyses and magnetic moment measurement. Cyclic voltammetric technique was also employed to investigate the interaction between Co(II) and the ligands under studied.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10345Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 97-101 2012 (January)
Layout Design of a 2-bit Binary Parallel Ripple Carry Adder Using CMOS NAND Gates with Microwind
Authors: Ul Alam Arif , Majid Nishatul , Aditya SK
Published: April 2012

A good deal of ingenuity can be exercised and a vast amount of time wasted exploring layout topologies to minimize the size of a gate or other circuitry such as an adder or memory element in an integrated circuit. This paper represents a simple and compact layout design for two bit binary parallel ripple carry adder using only CMOS NAND gates with the help of Microwind as a tool for design and simulation. Construction of this adder for fabricating involves the design of 2-input, 3-input, 4-input NAND gates and CMOS NAND inverters. The performance parameters are analyzed from the simulation responses and characteristics curves of the proposed design. The optimization of the design towards single P+ or N+ diffusion, single +Vdd and single Vdd supply contributed to lesser area and improved functionality of the adder circuits performance.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10346  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 103-108 2012 (January)
Globally Robust Confidence Intervals for Location
Authors: Haque M Ershadul , Khan Jafar A
Published: April 2012

Classical inference considers sampling variability to be the only source of uncertainty, and does not address the issue of bias caused by contamination. Naive robust intervals replace the classical estimates by their robust counterparts without considering the possible bias of the robust point estimates. Consequently, the asymptotic coverage proportion of these intervals of any nominal level will invariably tend to zero for any proportion of contamination.In this study, we attempt to achieve reasonable coverage percentages by constructing globally robust confidence intervals that adjust for the bias of the robust point estimates. We improve these globally robust intervals by considering the direction of the bias of the robust estimates used. We compare the proposed intervals with the existing ones through an extensive simulation study. The proposed methods have reasonable coverage percentage while the existing method show very poor coverage as sample size increases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10347  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 109-113 2012 (January)
Balancing of an Inverted Pendulum Using PD Controller
Authors: Hasan Mahadi , Saha Chanchal , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Sarker Md Rabiual Islam , Aditya Subrata K
Published: April 2012

Balancing of an inverted pendulum robot by moving a cart along a horizontal track is a classical problem in the field of Control Theory and Engineering, for the beginners to understand its dynamics. Several physical models can also be simplified as elastic inverted pendulums like rockets and walking robots. Many researchers have been applying different control algorithm and design techniques such as PID Controller, State Space, Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm (GA) even Particle Swam Optimization (PSO), in both digital and analog domain using various sensors. However, this can also be done by using a single potentiometer as a sensor and Proportional Derivative Controller (PD) controller as the design algorithm. The comparison or difference between the reference and the potentiometer generates control signal to drive the system. In this case, it consists of a thin vertical rod attached at the bottom, referred to as pivot point mounted on a mobile toy car. The car, depending upon the direction of the deflection of the pendulum moves horizontally in order to bring the pendulum to absolute rest. The main idea behind this control process is the use of PD (Proportional and Derivative) controller to generate signal to control the speed and direction of the motor. The only sensor used in this project was a potentiometer (pot) which was attached with the pendulum rod. The variation in its resistance causes change in voltage and afterward, it was compared with the reference voltage to generate the appropriate control signal. PROTEUS software was used for circuit simulation, frequency responses of the system were analyzed in MATLAB with different values of KP and KD. Finally, to represent the system stability, root locus diagram was drawn using MATLAB.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10348  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 115-120 2012 (January)
A Convenient Synthesis of Substituted Spiro[5.5]Undecanes Using Lewis Acid Catalysts
Authors: Ahmed M Glasuddin , Romman UKR , Akhter Kawsari , Islam Monarul , Hossain Mohammad Mosharrag , Halim Md Ershad
Published: April 2012

A one-pot synthesis of 3, 3-Dimethyl-7, 11-diphenyl-spiro [5, 5] undecane-1, 5, 9-triones 4a-c has been achieved by the application of Michael reaction between dimedone (5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione) 1 and trans,trans diarylideneacetones [1,5-diaryl-1,4- pentadien-3-ones] 2a-c (a. Ar = C6H5-, b. Ar = 2-Cl-C6H4-, c. Ar = 2- CH3O- C6H4) using Lewis acid catalysts.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10349  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 121-124 2012 (January)
Mechanical and Electrical Properties: Electrospun Alginate/Carbon Nanotube Composite Nanofiber
Authors: Islam Md Shahidul , Ashaduzzaman Md , Masum Shah Md , Yeum Jeong Huyn
Published: April 2012

Nanofibers of the composite of alginate (Alg) and carbon nanotube (CNT) were prepared using electrospinning method out of aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), mechanical measurement, and electrical conductivity were done to characterize the Alg/CNT composite nanofibers morphology and properties. The SEM and TEM images show the CNT to be well incorporated along the nanofibers. The study shows that the introduction of CNT results in improvement in tensile strength and electrical conductivity of the Alg matrix. The electrospinning of Alg/CNT composites could potentially supply useful options for the fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10350  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 125-128 2012 (January)
Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on Volumetric Properties of Methanol Ethanol n-Propanol and iso-Propanol at (298.15 - 323.15)K
Authors: Motin MA , Mia MA Hafiz , Reza KM Salim , Islam AKM Nasimul , Yousuf MA , Salam MA
Published: April 2012

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in water was determined from the conductance and viscosity measurement. The estimated value of CMC was found to be 0.0085 mol.L-1 at 29°C. The concentration of SDS in pre-micellar and postmicellar region of 0.005M and 0.01M, respectively were used for the volumetric measurements of Methanol, Ethanol, n-Propanol and iso- Propanol with SDS solutions. Densities of ternary mixtures of Methanol, Ethanol, n-Propanol and iso-Propanol with 0.005M and 0.01M aqueous SDS have been studied over the entire range of composition at 298.15- 323.15K with an interval of 5K except Methanol. Methanol system was studied at 298.15-308.15K due to its low boiling point. The values of excess molar volumes, VE for all the systems are negative over the entire range of composition, showing minima at ~ 0.45 mole fraction of Methanol, ~ 0.4 mole fraction of Ethanol, ~ 0.25 mole fraction of n-Propanol and ~ 0.3 mole fraction of iso-Propanol. All the systems are showing minima at aqueous SDS rich region. The VE values for the n-Propanol + aqueous SDS and iso-Propanol + aqueous SDS mixtures are slightly sigmoid, being negative at lower mole fractions (x2) and positive at higher x2 of Propanols. The excess properties (VE) data have been fitted by the least square method to the four parameter Redlich-Kister equation and the values of the parameter aj have been reported.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10351  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 129-136 2012 (January)
Characterization of Electrodeposited Cadmium Selenide Thin Films
Authors: Chowdhury RI , Islam MS , Sabeth F , Mustafa G , Farhad SFU , Saha DK , Chowdhury FA , Hussain S , Islam ABMO
Published: April 2012

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films have been deposited on glass/conducting glass substrates using low-cost electrodeposition method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique has been used to identify the phases present in the deposited films and observed that the deposited films are mainly consisting of CdSe phases. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell measurements indicate that the CdSe films are n-type in electrical conduction, and optical absorption measurements show that the bandgap for as-deposited film is estimated to be 2.1 eV. Upon heat treatment at 723 K for 30 min in air the band gap of CdSe film is decreased to 1.8 eV. The surface morphology of the deposited films has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and observed that very homogeneous and uniform CdSe film is grown onto FTO/glass substrate. The aim of this work is to use n-type CdSe window materials in CdTe based solar cell structures. The results will be presented in this paper in the light of observed data.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10352  Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 137-140 2012 (January)
Unconscious Effects of Action on Perception
Authors: Halász Veronika , Cunnington Ross
Published: April 2012

We spend much of our life predicting the future. This involves developing theories and making predictions about others’ intentions, goals and about the consequences of the actions we are observing. Adapting our actions and behaviours to the environment is required for achieving our goals, and to do this the motor system relies on input from sensory modalities. However, recent theories suggest that the link between motor and perceptual areas is bidirectional, and that predictions based on planned or intended actions can unconsciously influence and modify our perception. In the following review we describe current theories on the link between action and perception, and examine the ways in which the motor system can unconsciously alter our perception.
The Impact of an Intervention Taught by Trained Teachers on Childhood Overweight
Authors: Rosário Rafaela , Oliveira Bruno , Araújo Ana , Lopes Oscar , Padrão Patrícia , Moreira André , Teixeira Vítor , Barros Renata , Pereira Beatriz , Moreira Pedro
Published: April 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a six-months’ nutrition program, delivered and taught by classroom teachers with in-service nutrition training, on the prevention of overweight and obesity among children in grades 1 to 4. In this randomized trial, four hundred and sixty four children from seven elementary schools were allocated to a nutrition educational program delivered by their own teachers. Intervened teachers had 12 sessions of three hours each with the researchers throughout six months, according to the topics nutrition and healthy eating, the importance of drinking water and healthy cooking activities. After each session, teachers were encouraged to develop activities in class focused on the learned topics. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary, and physical activity assessments were performed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. In the intervention group the increase in Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score was significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.009); fewer proportion of children became overweight in the intervened group compared with the control (5.6% vs. 18.4%; p = 0.037). Our study provides further support to decrease the overweight epidemic, involving classroom teachers in a training program and making them dedicated interventionists.
Vegetable and Fruit Intakes of On-Reserve First Nations Schoolchildren Compared to Canadian Averages and Current Recommendations
Authors: Gates Allison , Hanning Rhona M. , Gates Michelle , Skinner Kelly , Martin Ian D. , Tsuji Leonard J. S.
Published: April 2012

This study investigated, in on-reserve First Nations (FN) youth in Ontario, Canada, the following: (a) the intakes of vegetable and fruit, “other” foods and relevant nutrients as compared to current recommendations and national averages, (b) current prevalence rates of overweight and obesity and (c) the relationship between latitude and dietary intakes. Twenty-four-hour diet recalls were collected via the Waterloo Web-Based Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (WEB-Q) (n = 443). Heights and weights of participants were self reported using measured values and Body Mass Index was categorized using the International Obesity Task Force cutoffs. Food group and nutrient intakes were compared to current standards, Southern Ontario Food Behaviour data and the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, using descriptive statistics. Mean vegetable and fruit, fibre and folate intakes were less than current recommendations. Girls aged 14–18 years had mean intakes of vitamin A below current recommendations for this sub-group; for all sub-groups, mean intakes of vegetables and fruit were below Canadian averages. All sub-groups also had intakes of all nutrients and food groups investigated that were less than those observed in non-FN youth from Southern Ontario, with the exception of “other” foods in boys 12–18 years. Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 31.8% and 19.6%, respectively, exceeding rates in the general population. Dietary intakes did not vary consistently by latitude (n = 248), as revealed by ANOVA. This study provided a unique investigation of the dietary intakes of on-reserve FN youth in Ontario and revealed poor intakes of vegetables and fruit and related nutrients and high intakes of “other” foods. Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity exceed those of the general population.
After-School Based Obesity Prevention Interventions: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Branscum Paul , Sharma Manoj
Published: April 2012

The purpose of this article was to review primary prevention interventions targeting childhood obesity implemented in the after school environment from 2006 and 2011. A total of 20 interventions were found from 25 studies. Children in the interventions ranged from kindergarten to middle schoolers, however a majority was in the 4th and 5th grades. Most of the interventions targeted both physical activity and dietary behaviors. Among those that focused on only one dimension, physical activity was targeted more than diet. The duration of the interventions greatly varied, but many were short-term or brief. Many interventions were also based on some behavioral theory, with social cognitive theory as the most widely used. Most of the interventions focused on short-term changes, and rarely did any perform a follow-up evaluation. A major limitation among after school interventions was an inadequate use of process evaluations. Overall, interventions resulted in modest changes in behaviors and behavioral antecedents, and results were mixed and generally unfavorable with regards to indicators of obesity. Recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of after school based childhood obesity interventions are presented.
Analyzing Sub-Threshold Bitcell Topologies and the Effects of Assist Methods on SRAM VMIN
Authors: Boley James , Wang Jiajing , Calhoun Benton H.
Published: April 2012

The need for ultra low power circuits has forced circuit designers to scale voltage supplies into the sub-threshold region where energy per operation is minimized [1]. The problem with this is that the traditional 6T SRAM bitcell, used for data storage, becomes unreliable at voltages below about 700 mV due to process variations and decreased device drive strength [2]. In order to achieve reliable operation, new bitcell topologies and assist methods have been proposed. This paper provides a comparison of four different bitcell topologies using read and write VMIN as the metrics for evaluation. In addition, read and write assist methods were tested using the periphery voltage scaling techniques discussed in [4–13]. Measurements taken from a 180 nm test chip show read functionality (without assist methods) down to 500 mV and write functionality down to 600 mV. Using assist methods can reduce both read and write VMIN by 100 mV over the unassisted test case.
Gene Cloning, Expression and Activity Analysis of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase from Two Strains of Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) under Heat Stress
Authors: Lu Ning , Zang Xiaonan , Zhang Xuecheng , Chen Hao , Feng Xiaoting , Zhang Lu
Published: April 2012

Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) plays a crucial role in antioxidant responses to environmental stress. To determine whether Mn-SOD affects heat resistance of Gracilaria lemaneiformis, we cloned Mn-SOD cDNA sequences of two strains of this red alga, wild type and cultivar 981. Both cDNA sequences contained an ORF of 675 bp encoding 224 amino acid residues. The cDNA sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of the two strains shared relatively high identity (more than 99%). No intron existed in genomic DNA of Mn-SOD in G. lemaneiformis. Southern blotting indicated that there were multiple copies, possibly four, of Mn-SOD in both strains. Both in the wild type and cultivar 981, SOD mRNA transcription and SOD activity increased under high temperature stress, while cultivar 981 was more heat resistant based on its SOD activity. This research suggests that there may be a direct relationship between SOD activity and the heat resistance of G. lemaneiformis.
Modelling of Amperometric Biosensor Used for Synergistic Substrates Determination
Authors: Simelevicius Dainius , Baronas Romas , Kulys Juozas
Published: April 2012

In this paper the operation of an amperometric biosensor producing a chemically amplified signal is modelled numerically. The chemical amplification is achieved by using synergistic substrates. The model is based on non-stationary reaction-diffusion equations. The model involves three layers (compartments): a layer of enzyme solution entrapped on the electrode surface, a dialysis membrane covering the enzyme layer and an outer diffusion layer which is modelled by the Nernst approach. The equation system is solved numerically by using the finite difference technique. The biosensor response and sensitivity are investigated by altering the model parameters influencing the enzyme kinetics as well as the mass transport by diffusion. The biosensor action was analyzed with a special emphasis to the effect of the chemical amplification. The simulation results qualitatively explain and confirm the experimentally observed effect of the synergistic substrates conversion on the biosensor response.
Penalty Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Dim Targets Detection in Sensor Systems
Authors: Huang Dayu , Xue Anke , Guo Yunfei
Published: April 2012

In order to detect and track multiple maneuvering dim targets in sensor systems, an improved dynamic programming track-before-detect algorithm (DP-TBD) called penalty DP-TBD (PDP-TBD) is proposed. The performances of tracking techniques are used as a feedback to the detection part. The feedback is constructed by a penalty term in the merit function, and the penalty term is a function of the possible target state estimation, which can be obtained by the tracking methods. With this feedback, the algorithm combines traditional tracking techniques with DP-TBD and it can be applied to simultaneously detect and track maneuvering dim targets. Meanwhile, a reasonable constraint that a sensor measurement can originate from one target or clutter is proposed to minimize track separation. Thus, the algorithm can be used in the multi-target situation with unknown target numbers. The efficiency and advantages of PDP-TBD compared with two existing methods are demonstrated by several simulations.
Effects of Double Filtration Plasmapheresis, Leflunomide, and Methotrexate on Inflammatory Changes Found Through Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: YU XIAOXIA , WANG LIXIN , XU PING , LU WEIWEI , LAN GUOBIN , PING LIFENG , WANG XIAOLEI , TIAN JUNGE , LIU JUNLAN
Published: April 2012

Objective.

To evaluate the effects of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) in combination with leflunomide and methotrexate (MTX) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected inflammatory changes (synovitis and bone edema) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with high disease activity.

Methods.

Sixty RA patients with highly active disease of 6 months’ to 3 years’ duration were randomized to receive DFPP in combination with leflunomide and MTX (DFPP group), and leflunomide plus MTX (no-DFPP group). The primary endpoint was the improvement in MRI-detected synovitis from baseline over 6 months. Secondary endpoint variables included DAS28 remission and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria responses for 6 consecutive months.

Results.

The study achieved significant improvement in synovitis and bone edema, with significantly lower synovitis and bone edema scores in the DFPP group compared with the no-DFPP group (p < 0.001). Synovitis scores in 48.39% of patients (15/31) in the DFPP group were 0 at Month 6. Bone edema scores in 32.26% of patients (10/31) in the DFPP group were 0 at Month 6. We observed significantly greater ACR20, ACR50, ACR70, and ACR90 responses and DAS28 remission rates in the DFPP group than in the no-DFPP group (p < 0.001). Sustained DAS28 remission and ACR90 response for at least 6 months were achieved in 100% of patients receiving DFPP therapy.

Conclusion.

The combination of DFPP and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) was superior to DMARD alone for reducing MRI-detected signs of synovitis and bone edema in patients with early highly active RA. DFPP therapy enabled rapid and more complete suppression of inflammation in patients with highly active RA. Nearly half the patients (48.39%) who had received DFPP therapy achieved both clinical remission and imaging remission, a state characterized as true remission.
Effect of Golimumab on Patient-reported Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the GO-FORWARD Study
Authors: GENOVESE MARK C. , HAN CHENGLONG , KEYSTONE EDWARD C. , HSIA ELIZABETH C. , BUCHANAN JACQUELINE , GATHANY TIMOTHY , MURPHY FREDERICK T. , WU ZHONG , PARASURAMAN SHREEKANT , RAHMAN MAHBOOB U.
Published: April 2012

Objective.

To evaluate the effect of golimumab on physical function, general health, and fatigue in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) despite methotrexate (MTX) therapy.

Methods.

In the multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled GO-FORWARD study, 444 adults with active RA despite MTX received subcutaneous placebo + MTX (crossover to golimumab 50 mg at Week 24), golimumab 100 mg + placebo, golimumab 50 mg + MTX, or golimumab 100 mg + MTX every 4 weeks. Physical function and general health were assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and Physical and Mental Component Summary (PCS, MCS) scores of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36), respectively, through Week 52. Fatigue was measured through Week 24 using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) questionnaire.

Results.

Mean improvements from baseline in HAQ-DI, SF-36 PCS, and FACIT-Fatigue scores (Weeks 14 and 24) were significantly greater for golimumab 50 mg + MTX and 100 mg + MTX versus placebo + MTX. Significantly greater proportions of patients treated with golimumab + MTX achieved clinically meaningful improvements from baseline to Weeks 14 and 24 in HAQ-DI, PCS, and FACIT-Fatigue scores. Mean improvements in SF-36 PCS (Week 14), MCS (Week 24), and FACIT-Fatigue (Weeks 14 and 24) scores were significantly greater for golimumab 100 mg + placebo versus placebo + MTX. Mean improvements from baseline in HAQ-DI, SF-36 PCS, and MCS scores through Week 24 were sustained through Week 52.

Conclusion.

Patients with active RA despite MTX had significant improvement in physical function, general health, and fatigue following golimumab + MTX therapy; improvements in physical function and general health were maintained through Week 52. (Clinical Trials Registration NCT00264550)
Indirect Treatment Comparison of Abatacept with Methotrexate Versus Other Biologic Agents for Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Methotrexate Therapy in the United Kingdom
Authors: GUYOT PATRICIA , TAYLOR PETER C. , CHRISTENSEN ROBIN , PERICLEOUS LOUISA , DROST PIETER , EIJGELSHOVEN INDRA , BERGMAN GERT , LEBMEIER MAXIMILIAN
Published: April 2012

Objective.

To compare the efficacy of abatacept and alternative biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) in the United Kingdom.

Methods.

A systematic literature search identified 11 individual studies investigating the efficacy of abatacept, infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, certolizumab pegol, and golimumab in adult patients with RA that did not respond to MTX. The clinical trials included in this analysis were similar in trial design, baseline patient characteristics, and background therapy (i.e., MTX). The key clinical endpoints of interest were the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) change from baseline (CFB) and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses at 6 months (24–28 weeks). Results were analyzed using Bayesian network metaanalysis methods, and were expressed as differences in HAQ CFB and ACR20/50/70 relative risks, with 95% credible limits (CrL).

Results.

Analysis of HAQ CFB at 6 months showed that abatacept is more efficacious than placebo [mean difference in HAQ CFB: −0.30 (95% CrL −0.42; −0.16)] and comparable to all other biologic agents, in patients receiving MTX as background treatment. Abatacept is also expected to result in a higher proportion of ACR responders compared to placebo, with relative risks ranging from 1.90 (95% CrL 1.24; 2.57) for ACR20 to 3.72 (95% CrL 1.50; 10.52) for ACR70, and to result in comparable proportions of ACR responders as other biologic agents, at 6 months.

Conclusion.

Abatacept is expected to result in improvement in functional status comparable to other recommended biologic agents in patients with RA who are unresponsive to MTX in the UK.
Incidence of New-onset and Flare of Preexisting Psoriasis During Rituximab Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Data from the French AIR Registry
Authors: THOMAS LAURE , CANOUI-POITRINE FLORENCE , GOTTENBERG JACQUES-ERIC , ECONOMU-DUBOSC ANDRA , MEDKOUR FATIHA , CHEVALIER XAVIER , BASTUJI-GARIN SYLVIE , LE LOUËT HERVÉ , FARRENQ VALÉRIE , CLAUDEPIERRE PASCAL
Published: April 2012

Objective.

Psoriasis could be a paradoxical reaction to tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist therapy and it has been reported with rituximab therapy. Our objective was to assess the rates of new-onset and flare of preexisting psoriasis in patients taking rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

The nationwide multicenter prospective AutoImmunity and Rituximab (AIR) registry was set up in 2006 by the French Society for Rheumatology to collect data on patients taking rituximab for joint diseases. We identified patients with RA in the registry who had psoriasis listed as an adverse drug reaction, and we obtained additional information from their physicians if needed. We computed the incidence rates of new-onset and flare of preexisting psoriasis according to the rituximab exposure time.

Results.

Among the 1927 patients in the registry with RA, 2 had new-onset and 5 had flare of preexisting psoriasis after a median followup of 39.2 weeks. Incidence rates were 1.04/1000 person-years (95% CI 0.13 to 3.8) for new-onset psoriasis and 2.6/1000 person-years (95% CI 0.84 to 6.1) for flare of preexisting psoriasis. Rituximab rechallenge in the 2 new-onset cases and in 2 flare cases was not followed by recurrence or exacerbation of psoriasis. Two of the 5 flare cases developed after discontinuation of methotrexate.

Conclusion.

Despite the small number of cases observed, leading to wide CI, the incidence rates in our study do not support a causative role of rituximab therapy in new-onset or flare of preexisting psoriasis in patients with RA.
Correlates of Axial Gout: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: KONATALAPALLI RUKMINI M. , LUMEZANU ELENA , JELINEK JAMES S. , MURPHEY MARK D. , WANG HONG , WEINSTEIN ARTHUR
Published: April 2012

Objective.

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of axial gout in patients with established gouty arthritis and to analyze clinical, laboratory, and radiological correlations.

Methods.

Forty-eight subjects with a history of gouty arthritis (American College of Rheumatology criteria) for ≥ 3 years under poor control were included. Subjects underwent history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and imaging studies, including radiographs of the hands and feet and computerized tomography (CT) of the cervical and lumbar spines and sacroiliac joints (SIJ). Patients with characteristic erosions and/or tophi in the spine or SIJ were considered to have axial or spinal gout.

Results.

Seventeen patients (35%) had CT evidence of spinal erosions and/or tophi, with tophi identified in 7 of the 48 subjects (15%). The spinal location of axial gout was cervical in 7 patients (15%), lumbar in 16 (94%), SIJ in 1 (6%), and more than 1 location in 14 (82%). Duration of gout, presence of back pain, and serum uric acid levels did not correlate with axial gout. Extremity radiographs characteristic of gouty arthropathy found in 21 patients (45%) were strongly correlated with CT evidence of axial gout (p < 0.001). All patients with tophi in the spine had abnormal hand or feet radiographs (p = 0.005).

Conclusion.

Axial gout may be a common feature of chronic gouty arthritis. The lack of correlation with back pain, the infrequent use of CT imaging in patients with back pain, and the lack of recognition of the problem of spinal involvement in gouty arthritis suggest that this diagnosis is often missed.
Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type 4 and Methyl-CpG Binding Domain 4 Polymorphisms in Chinese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: CHENG JINLUO , ZHANG HUI , ZHUANG CHAO , LIU RUIPING
Published: April 2012

Objective.

Peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) and methyl-CpG binding domain 4 (MBD4) are closely related with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that PADI4 and MBD4 polymorphisms may contribute to RA susceptibility.

Methods.

We studied PADI4 rs2240340 G/A, PADI4 rs874881 C/G, MBD4 rs140693 G/A, and MBD4 rs2005618 T/C gene polymorphisms in 329 patients with RA and 697 controls in a Chinese population. Genotyping was done using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Results.

When the PADI4 rs2240340 GG homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of RA. In the recessive model, when PADI4 rs2240340 GG/GA genotypes were used as the reference group, the AA homozygote genotype was associated with a significant increased susceptibility to RA. PADI4 rs874881 C/G was in complete linkage disequilibrium with PADI4 rs2240340 G/A. MBD4 rs140693 G/A and MBD4 rs2005618 T/C polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of RA. In stratification analyses, a significantly increased risk for RA associated with the PADI4 rs2240340 AA genotype was evident among older patients and patients who were anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive compared with the PADI4 rs2240340 GG/GA genotype.

Conclusion.

These findings suggest that the functional single-nucleotide polymorphism PADI4 rs2240340 G/A variant allele is associated with RA development, especially among older patients and ACPA-positive patients. However, our results were obtained from a moderate-sized sample, and therefore this is a preliminary conclusion. Validation by a larger study from a more diverse ethnic population is needed to confirm these findings.
Rheumatic Manifestations of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: The Other Autoimmune Disease
Authors: TAGOE CLEMENT E. , ZEZON ANNA , KHATTRI SAAKSHI
Published: April 2012

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is an inflammatory thyroiditis that in some cases is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland, also referred to as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or Hashimoto thyroiditis. Hashimoto thyroiditis is one of the commonest causes of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism has been associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and inflammatory forms of arthritis and with several well defined connective tissue diseases, which in turn can cause arthritis. The presence of arthritis in patients with AITD with normal thyroid function is now being increasingly recognized. There is also considerable evidence to suggest that AITD is highly associated with fibromyalgia syndrome. We review the current literature on the rheumatologic manifestations of AITD and describe the features in its presentation that set it apart from other forms of autoimmune arthritis.
Le it anaphorique dans le film Shallow Grave : un exemple de l'apport des nouvelles technologies à la rénovation pédagogique de l'enseignement supérieur et à la réflexion sur les faits de langue
Authors: Vidalenc Jean-Louis
Published: April 2012

À partir de difficultés de compréhension relevées dans une population étudiante à Bac+3 et Bac+4, cet article propose une stratégie didactique prenant appui sur les nouvelles technologies de l'enseignement. L'exemple du traitement de l'implicite sous-jacent au marqueur it dans le film Shallow Grave (Petits meurtres entre amis) montre que les présupposés idéologiques des énonciateurs sont susceptibles de modifier le programme de sens de marqueurs ou de lexies et de les rendre opaques à une proportion significative d'étudiants. Les nouvelles technologies de l'enseignement doivent permettre de résoudre bien des difficultés rencontrées par les nouvelles populations étudiantes. Leur apport à l'enseignement à distance rendrait de grands services à des étudiants travaillant à plusieurs heures de train d'un centre universitaire, prenant en charge cette dimension de compréhension orale de l'enseignement de l'anglais à l'université.
Experimental Studies to Understand the Hover and Forward Flight Performance of a MAV-Scale Flapping Wing Concept
Authors: Malhan Ria , Benedict Moble , Chopra Inderjit
Published: April 2012

Systematic experimental studies were performed to understand the role of two key degrees of freedom, flapping and pitching, in aerodynamic performance of a flapping wing, in both hover and forward flight. Required flapping kinematics is prescribed mechanically, and dynamic pitching/twisting
is obtained passively using inertial and aerodynamic forces. Forces produced by the wing are measured at the root using a six-component balance at different flapping frequencies, flapping/pitching amplitudes, and wind speeds. The results clearly show that maximum average thrust over a flap
cycle in hover can be achieved using symmetric, high amplitude passive pitching. However, in forward flight, optimum aerodynamic performance (lift and propulsive thrust) is obtained using asymmetric wing pitching with low pitching amplitudes. Furthermore, dynamic twisting (obtained using flexible
wings), instead of dynamic pitching, produces better performance in forward flight due to spanwise and temporal modulation of the wing pitch angle. Pure flapping (no pitching) of rigid wings in forward flight at high reduced frequencies and high pitch angles produces a threefold increase in
lift coefficient over static values. Maximum average propulsive thrust over a flap cycle in forward flight is obtained using symmetric pitching. To produce high values of both, average lift and thrust, an asymmetry in kinematics along with pitching is required in forward flight. This can be
achieved either through asymmetric pitching of rigid wings or dynamic twisting of torsionally flexible wings.
Certification Of Occupational Therapists in the Public Schools: The Wisconsin Experience
Authors: Punwar Alice , Wendt Eugene
Published: April 2012

The history of public school certification for occupational and physical therapists is reviewed. The process used to develop the current standards for certification of public school occupational therapists in Wisconsin and the standards that resulted are described. The implications of school certification requirements are discussed in terms of basic professional education in occupational therapy, and recommendations are made regarding the establishment of certification standards for school-based therapists.
Single Subject Research in Occupational Therapy: A Case Illustration
Authors: Madsen Paula S. , Conte Jon R.
Published: April 2012

Three male children with behavior-disorders were treated by tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive sensory stimulation in 20-minute sessions 3 times per week for a period ranging from 4-to-6 weeks. Attention to a mathematical computation task was measured for several sessions before the introduction of treatment and immediately after each treatment session. Attention was operationally defined as the total time spent attending to the task during a ten minute test period.

Of the three subjects, one showed negligible change, one showed some performance improvement and a reduction in response variability, and the third showed improvement followed by performance deterioration, though not to original low baseline levels.

Although improvements were coincident with the onset of treatment, they may not be attributed to it, because no response stability was achieved during the baseline condition.
Patterns of Static Prehension in Normal Hands
Authors: Kamakura Noriko , Matsuo Michiko , Ishii Harumi , Mitsuboshi Fumiko , Miura Yoriko
Published: April 2012

According to the finger positions and the contact areas, the static prehensile patterns of normal hands were classified into 14 patterns under 4 categories. The patterns that 7 subjects used for holding each of 98 objects were confirmed under these new classifications. The findings could be of reference value for the therapist interested in the evaluation and the re-education of disabled hands.
Normative Comparison of the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test: Los Angeles vs. Syracuse Data
Authors: Kimball Judith Giencke
Published: April 2012

A normative comparison was carried out on the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test. Two hundred and twenty two (222) children, ages five to nine, from Syracuse, New York, were compared with the original Los Angeles sample of 226. In analyzing the Syracuse data, no significant differences were found in duration of postrotary nystagmus by age, sex, or age/sex interaction. Comparison of the Syracuse with the Los Angeles data revealed significantly different means and standard deviations, with the effect that the cut-off point for diagnosing prolonged nystagmus shifted upward. It was concluded that postrotary nystagmus is a consistent measure unaffected by age or six in normal five- to nine-year-olds, but that in view of the differences between the Syracuse and Los Angeles data, care should be taken in diagnosing prolonged postrotary nystagmus.
Gaming Technique: An Assessment and Training Tool for Individuals with Learning Deficits
Authors: Hurff Janith McCready
Published: April 2012

In this article the literature on gaming technique is reviewed as applied to life simulation experiences. The gaming technique is the use or the adaptation of existing games or the development of training games. Training games are useful educational tools to teach daily living skills to the mild to moderate mentally retarded population and other individuals with learning deficits. The author discusses the application of games to a variety of training situations in the occupational therapy clinic and summarizes techniques for making an adaptation of or for constructing games. Four games are included: a pegboard game, a friendship or socialization game, a money-calculator game, and a disaster game.
A Study of Reliability and Validity of a Preschool Play Scale
Authors: Bledsoe Nancy Parry , Shepherd Jayne T.
Published: April 2012

Childhood play is a major arena for development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that permit productive adult behavior. Occupational therapists must assess and treat play dysfunctions in order to promote normal development. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a play assessment tool, the Preschool Play Scale. Ninety children were observed and rated on the Preschool Play Scale, Lunzer’s Scale of Organization of Play Behavior, and Parten’s Social Play Hierarchy. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlation coefficients. Significant results suggest that the Preschool Play Scale will yield objective, stable, and valid measurements of play for normal preschool children when administered by trained observers. Recommendations for further study of the Preschool Play Scale are given.
A Transdisciplinary Mobile Intervention Program for Rural Areas
Authors: Magrun W. Michael , Tigges Kent Nelson
Published: April 2012

A critical priority in allied health today is the efficient delivery of comprehensive services with the family and professionals as equal partners. In rural areas this is particularly important because of sparsely located populations and limited distribution of services. Few facilities in the rural community are able to deliver comprehensive services to a wide geographical area. Location of the services also presents additional burdens on the rural family with a developmentally disabled child. In this paper the stages of program development to meet a specific regional health need are described. The use and characteristics of a mobile program of early intervention serving developmentally disabled infants and preschoolers in rural areas of southwestern New York State are discussed. The practical application of this approach is considered.
Self-Catheterization Training of a Child with Myelomeningocele
Authors: Clarkson Jean Douglas
Published: April 2012

This paper describes how the occupational therapist, following a urologists’ orders, teaches clean intermittent self-catheterization as a self-care skill to handicapped school children when no trained enterostomal therapist is available. It contains a review of the literature, a definition of neurogenic bladder types, a description of intermittent catheterization, and the steps involved in teaching the technique to children. A case study is given that shows the training of a child with myelomeningocele to catheterize herself, and the therapist’s interaction with the school nurse and other members of the team.
Identification of Factors of Affective Meaning in Four Selected Activities
Authors: Nelson David L. , Thompson Gayle , Moore Jacquelyn A.
Published: April 2012

The premise that activities have inherent meanings is basic to the theory and practice of occupational therapy. In this study the investigators hypothesized that different activities would elicit different kinds of affective meanings in their participants. The subjects in this study were 59 students beginning their training in occupational therapy. On their first day in an activities class, and before instruction in activity analysis, the subjects were presented with four selected activities. Immediately after performing each activity, the students were requested to rate the activity according to Osgood’s 12-scale short-form semantic differential. The data generated were reduced subsequently to Osgood’s three factors of affective meaning: “evaluation,” “power,” and “activity” (in this study called action). Results indicated that the four activities elicited significantly different responses on all three factors. Specific results and implications of this study’s methodology for future occupational therapy research are discussed.
Quality Assurance Requirements of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals
Authors: Ostrow Patricia Curran
Published: April 2012

In 1981, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals instituted new quality assurance requirements. As occupational therapy departments plan for accreditation review, they must address these changes, which are markedly different from earlier standards. This article outlines the essentials. Official interpretations of the Joint Commission’s quality assurance standard and its application to occupational therapy are presented. The focus of this paper is on one possible quality assurance system. The elements of an effective quality assurance plan for an occupational therapy department are defined, and a hypothetical quarterly report for a department is presented. The ongoing review and evaluation monitors required by the Joint Commission are described.
The Effect of Psychological Type on the Mood and Meaning of Two Collage Activities
Authors: Carter Barbara A. , Nelson David L. , Duncombe Linda W.
Published: April 2012

This study used the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to identify two types of college students who differed in preferred perceptual processes, with one group strongly preferring the use of sense impressions (sensing types), and the other preferring the use of unconscious associations (intuitive types) in becoming aware of phenomena. All subjects then participated in two collage activities with slightly different instructions, one requiring a creative approach and the other requiring imitation. Change in mood after each collage was measured by the Bipolar Form of the Profile of Mood States, and the affective meanings of the two activities were assessed by Osgood’s 12-scale short-form semantic differential. Results indicated that the creative activity elicited significantly higher scores on two mood states (agreeable-hostile and composed-anxious) and two factors of affective meaning (power and evaluation). Intuitive types rated both activities higher than sensing types on one mood (agreeable-hostile) and one factor of affective meaning (action). Hypothesized interactions were not found. The findings have possible implications for the effects of occupational therapy activities that require creativity as opposed to imitation as well as for the effects of perceptual preferences on the moods and meanings of activities.