bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide methylomic analyses identify prognostic epigenetic signature in lower grade glioma
Authors: Guo Wenna , Ma Shanshan , Zhang Yanting , Liu Hongtao , Li Ya , Xu Ji‐Tian , Yang Bo , Guan Fangxia
Published: December 2021

Glioma is the most malignant and aggressive type of brain tumour with high heterogeneity and mortality. Although some clinicopathological factors have been identified as prognostic biomarkers, the individual variants and risk stratification in patients with lower grade glioma (LGG) have not been fully elucidated. The primary aim of this study was to identify an efficient DNA methylation combination biomarker for risk stratification and prognosis in LGG. We conducted a retrospective cohort study by analysing whole genome DNA methylation data of 646 patients with LGG from the TCGA and GEO database. Cox proportional hazard analysis was carried out to screen and construct biomarker model that predicted overall survival (OS). The Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and time‐dependent ROC were constructed to prove the efficiency of the signature. Then, another independent cohort was used to further validate the finding. A two‐CpG site DNA methylation signature was identified by multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. Further analysis indicated that the signature was an independent survival predictor from other clinical factors and exhibited higher predictive accuracy compared with known biomarkers. This signature was significantly correlated with immune‐checkpoint blockade, immunotherapy‐related signatures and ferroptosis regulator genes. The expression pattern and functional analysis showed that these two genes corresponding with two methylation sites contained in the model were correlated with immune infiltration level, and involved in MAPK and Rap1 signalling pathway. The signature may contribute to improve the risk stratification of patients and provide a more accurate assessment for precision medicine in the clinic.
Comparison of the efficacies of polycaprolactone filler and lidocaine‐added filler on neocollagenesis in a rat model
Authors: Sezer Suat , Sarac Gulbahar , Gul Mehmet , Zayman Emrah , Kapicioglu Yelda
Published: December 2021

Background

Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a semi–permanent filler stimulating neocollagenesis. Lidocaine is frequently used to reduce the pain and, however, may have negative effects on collagen. It was aimed to compare the histological changes on rat skin and efficacies of PCL filler and lidocaine addition.

Objective

In this study, results of PCL and PCL+Lidocaine application on rat skin were compared using hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome (MT) staining, and electron microscope (EM).

Methods

A total of 30 adult female rats were divided into three groups: the control group, the PCL group, and the PCL+Lidocaine group. The tissue samples taken at months 2 and 4 were examined using H&E, MT, and EM.

Results

At month 2, dermis thickness, fibroblast count, and collagen fiber diameter increased similarly in the PCL and PCL+Lidocaine groups. Collagen fiber diameter was significantly higher in the PCL group than in the PCL+Lidocaine (p:0.016) and control groups (p:0.009). At month 4, no significant difference was detected between the PCL and PCL+Lidocaine groups in terms of fibroblast count, collagen fiber count, and collagen fiber diameter; dermis thickness was lower in the PCL+Lidocaine group at month 4 (p < 0.46). Dermis thickness, fibroblast count, collagen fiber count, and collagen fiber diameter were found to be significantly lower than in the PCL and PCL+Lidocaine groups.

Conclusions

Our study showed that lidocaine addition to PCL filler does not affect the efficacy of the filler and PCL filler stimulates neocollagenesis.
Dual identity in context: The role of minority peers and school discrimination
Authors: Kende Judit , Baysu Gülseli , Phalet Karen , Fleischmann Fenella
Published: December 2021

Immigrant‐origin minority adolescents combine their common national identity with distinct ethnic identities. Depending on different social ecologies they develop more or less compatible dual identifications. Taking an ecological approach to ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS), we investigate how schools and peers as socializing agents can afford compatible ethnic and national identifications. We draw on the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey of 944 Turkish and Moroccan minority adolescents in 229 classrooms across 55 Belgian secondary schools with low (10%) to high minority presence (60%+). On average ethnic and national identifications were not significantly associated. In support of the protective role of minority peers, multilevel modeling revealed that national and ethnic identifications were more compatible in classrooms with more minority peers; while school discrimination undermined compatibility only in classrooms with fewer minority peers. We conclude that minority peers are key agents in the socialization of compatible ethnic and national identities.
Food hardness can regulate orthodontic tooth movement in mice
Authors: Ustriyana Putu , He Rui , Srirangapatanam Sudarshan , Chang Jasper , Arman Sheeler T. , Sidhu Sukhmandeep , Wang Bo , Kang Misun , Ho Sunita P.
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives

Orthodontic treatment is often accompanied with prescription of softer foods to patients. The question to ask is, is this prescribed load regimen congruent with Wolff's law, and does it provide an adequate mechanical stimulus to maintain the functional health of periodontal complex? This question was answered by studying the effects of mice chewing on soft food (SF) and hard food (HF) while undergoing experimental tooth movement (ETM).

Methods

Three‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice (n = 18) were fed either hard pellet (HF; n = 9) or soft‐chow food (SF; n = 9). ETM was performed on mice at 8 weeks of age, and mice were euthanized at 1 min, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks (8, 10, and 12 weeks old, respectively). A logistic regression model was applied to the experimental data to extrapolate the prolonged effects of ETM on the physical features of the dentoalveolar joint (DAJ).

Results

By 12 weeks, mice that chewed on SF expressed wider periodontal ligament space than those that chewed on HF. Mice that chewed on SF demonstrated increased alveolar socket roughness with larger alveoli and decreased bone volume fraction but with significantly lower bone mineral density and reduced overall tooth movement.

Conclusions

These altered physical features when contextualized within the DAJ illustrated that (a) the regions farther away from the “site of insult” also undergo significant adaptation, and (b) these adaptations vary between mesial and distal sides of the periodontal complex and topographically differentiate in the direction of the ETM. These insights underpin the main conclusion, in that there is a need to “regulate chewing loads” as a therapeutic dose following ETM to encourage regeneration of periodontal complex as an effective clinical outcome. The discussed multiscale image analyses also can be used on patient cone beam computed tomography data to identify the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment within the realm of masticatory function.
Clinical review of the pharmacological and anaesthetic effects of alfaxalone in dogs
Authors: Martín Bellido V. , Vettorato E.
Published: December 2021

This clinical review summarises the pharmacological and anaesthetic properties of alfaxalone in the dog. Available pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic data and factors affecting the induction dose have been reported. Furthermore, quality of induction and recovery after alfaxalone administration, the use of alfaxalone for total intravenous anaesthesia, and its effects on the cardio‐respiratory system, on laryngeal motion, on intraocular pressure and tear production have been evaluated. Finally, the use of alfaxalone in dogs undergoing caesarean section and the effect of intramuscular alfaxalone administration have been considered.
Frequency of signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease in dogs after an episode of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea
Authors: Skotnitzki Elisabeth , Suchodolski Jan S. , Busch Kathrin , Werner Melanie , Zablotski Yury , Ballhausen Bianca D. , Neuerer Felix , Unterer Stefan
Published: December 2021

Background

Acute enteropathy is a trigger of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease in humans.

Objective

To report the prevalence of and explore possible risk factors for signs of chronic GI disease in dogs after an episode of acute hemorrhagic diarrhea (AHD).

Animals

One hundred and fifty‐one dogs, 80 dogs with a historical diagnosis of AHD, 71 control dogs with no history of AHD.

Methods

In this retrospective longitudinal study, data were collected from dogs with a historical diagnosis of AHD and healthy controls matched by breed, age and sex, aged between 1 year and 15 years of age, for which a follow‐up of at least 12 months after enrolment was available. Dog owners responded to a questionnaire to determine the history of signs of chronic GI disease.

Results

There was a higher prevalence of signs of chronic GI disease in the dogs with a previous episode of AHD compared to control dogs (AHD 28%; controls 13%; P = .03; odds ratio = 2.57; confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.12‐6.31) over a similar observation time (median 4 years; range, 1‐12 years).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Severe intestinal mucosal damage and associated barrier dysfunction might trigger chronic GI disease later in life.
Phenylbutazone pharmacokinetics in southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) after oral administration
Authors: Houck Emma L. , Papich Mark G. , Delk Katie W.
Published: December 2021

Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) frequently develop painful conditions, such as traumatic injuries or osteoarthritis, necessitating the administration of pain‐relieving medications. One of the preferred treatments is the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug phenylbutazone because of the availability of oral formulations and the familiarity of its use in horses. For the main study, a single oral dose of phenylbutazone at 2 mg/kg was administered to healthy adult rhinoceros (n = 33) housed at six North American zoological institutions. Each rhinoceros had up to four blood samples collected under voluntary behavioural restraint at up to four predetermined time points (0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 30 and 48 h). Drug analysis was performed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The population pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling, and analysis showed a peak concentration (CMAX) of 3.8 µg/ml at 1.8 h and an elimination half‐life of 9 h. The concentrations achieved were similar to what has been reported for horses and were within the half maximal effective concentration for horses for at least 10 h. A multi‐dose trial in five rhinoceros receiving 2 mg/kg orally once daily for five days found mild accumulation at a predicted factor of 1.2. This study represents the first pharmacokinetic data of phenylbutazone in any rhinoceros species.
Treatment and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia
Authors: Torimura Takuji , Iwamoto Hideki
Published: December 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of malignant tumour in Asia. Treatment is decided according to the staging system with information on tumour burden and liver function. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system is the most commonly used staging system for the selection of appropriate treatments worldwide, and although it is highly evidenced‐base, it has very strict guidelines for treatment. In Asian countries, many efforts have been made to expand the indications of each treatment and combination therapies as well as alternative therapies for better outcomes. The guidelines in Asia are less evidence‐based than those in Western countries. More aggressive treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma are generally employed in the guidelines of Asian countries. Surgical resection is frequently employed for selected hepatocellular carcinoma patients with the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages B and C, and combination therapies are sometimes selected, which are contrary to the recommendations of American and European association for the study of the liver guidelines. Recently, a paradigm shift in treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma has occurred with molecular targeted agents, antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors in Asia. Atezolizumab+bevacizumab therapy has become the first‐line systemic treatment ineligible for radical treatment or transarterial chemoembolization in Asian countries. The overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma varies substantially across Asia. Taiwan and Japan have the best clinical outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Intensive surveillance programmes and the development of radical and non‐radical treatments are indispensable for the improvement of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Progress towards achieving viral hepatitis B and C elimination in the Asia and Pacific region: Results from modelling and global reporting
Authors: Le Linh‐Vi , Blach Sarah , Rewari Bharat , Chan Polin , Fuqiang Cui , Ishikawa Naoko , Sharma Mukta , Mangadan‐Konath Nabeel , Razavi Homie , Low‐Beer Daniel , Razavi‐Shearer Devin
Published: December 2021

In 2016, Asia and Pacific countries endorsed action plans for reaching viral hepatitis elimination targets set in the Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) for Viral Hepatitis 2016‐2021. We examine the region's progress by modelling disease burden and constructing the cascade of care. Between 2015 and 2020, chronic HBV prevalence declined from 4.69% to 4.30%, and HCV prevalence declined from 0.64% to 0.58%. The region achieved the 2020 target of 30% incidence reduction for HBV, whereas HCV incidence declined by 6%. Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence for HBV and HCV increased by 9% and 7%, respectively. Liver‐related deaths from HBV rose by 8%, and mortality attributable to HCV plateaued. Large testing and treatment gaps remained in 2019: only 13% of chronic HBV infections were diagnosed and 25% treated; 21% of chronic HCV infection were diagnosed and 11% treated. Viral hepatitis must become national priority with adequate funding to reach elimination goals by 2030.
Contour variations and acoustic characteristics of whistle sounds emitted by Pacific white‐sided dolphins in shallow coastal waters of the Sea of Japan
Authors: Matsushiro Marin , Nakamura Misato , Chayahara Yuko , Kooriyama Takanori
Published: December 2021

Pacific white‐sided dolphins,Lagenorhynchus obliquidens(PWSDs), migrate along the coast of Japan. PWSDs rarely emit whistles, instead utilizing pulses, unlike many other delphinid species that frequently emit whistle sounds. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the acoustic characteristics and repertoire of the whistle of PWSDs, which have not been reported so far. We analyzed PWSD whistle sound systems (e.g., acoustic parameters and contours) during boat surveys and using passive acoustic monitoring in shallow coastal waters in the northern Sea of Japan. PWSDs in Shakotan rarely emitted whistles, while the burst pulse frequently was as reported in previous studies in other waters. The PWSD whistle vocalization rates were higher during traveling than during foraging. The frequency and duration of their whistles did not appear to change between behaviors. Although complex multiloop whistles were not recorded, whistle contours were classified into seven types. Whistles are often recorded intensively in a short period as a sequence or bout. Considering the extremely low whistle vocalization rates, dolphins may choose whistles instead of pulsed sounds in limited contexts. Our results shed light on the differences in whistle sound usage within odontocete species.
Impact of imatinib treatment on renal function in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
Authors: Singh Avinash Kumar , Hussain Salman , Ahmed Rayaz , Agrawal Narendra , Bhurani Dinesh , Klugar Miloslav , Sharma Manju
Published: December 2021

Background

Recently, multiple epidemiological studies have linked imatinib with the alteration of renal function in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients. This meta‐analysis aimed to summarize the impact of imatinib use on renal function in CML patients.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE and Embase to identify articles assessing the impact of imatinib exposure on renal function in CML patients. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale (NOS). Two authors independently performed literature‐screening, risk of bias and data extraction. The risk of renal dysfunction (chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury) among imatinib users was computed as the primary outcome of interest. The certainty of findings was assessed using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) criteria.

Results

A total of nine articles qualified for inclusion in the systematic review, of which four articles were eligible for meta‐analysis. Based on the scoring on NOS, majority of the included studies were found to be of moderate risk of bias. Majority of the studies (n = 6) reported significantly (p < .05) decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after imatinib treatment. The risk of developing renal dysfunction (chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury) was found to be significantly higher in imatinib users as compared to other tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) users with a pooled relative risk of 2.70 (95% CI: 1.49–4.91). Sensitivity analysis also revealed a consistently high risk of renal dysfunction with imatinib use. GRADE criteria revealed low certainty of evidence.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis found an increased risk of renal dysfunction in imatinib users compared to other TKI users.
Association between variants around IRF6 and non‐syndromic orofacial cleft in Western Han Chinese
Authors: Zhang Sidi , Chen Qianming , Yang Chao , Shi Jiayu , Lin Yansong , Duan Shijun , Shi Bing , Jia Zhonglin
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Considering limitations of previous studies and differences across populations and subtypes, this study aimed to identify new potential SNPs around IRF6 associated with non‐syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOC) in Western Han Chinese.

Materials and Methods

We recruited 376 NSOC case–parent trios, including 125 non‐syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) trios, 151 non‐syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP) trios, and 100 non‐syndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) trios. Twenty‐two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using MassARRAY method. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test, allelic transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis, sliding‐window haplotype TDT analysis, and tests for parent‐of‐origin effect were performed using the PLINK software. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) was computed using the Haploview program.

Results

In TDT analysis, allele A at rs17015217 (p = 0.00011, OR = 0.61 and 95% CI: 0.47–0.78) and allele T at rs12080691 (p = 0.00011, OR = 0.61 and 95% CI: 0.47–0.78) were under‐transmitted among NSCLO trios but over‐transmitted among NSCPO trios. Haplotypes showing evidence of under‐transmission in NSCLO trios were over‐transmitted in NSCPO trios. In tests for parent‐of‐origin effects, T allele at rs12080691 presented paternal under‐transmission among NSCLO trios but over‐transmission among NSCPO trios.

Conclusions

Allele A at rs17015217 and allele T at rs12080691 are associated with NSCLO and NSCPO with potential to have opposite effects on two subtypes in this sample from Western Han Chinese.
Stem‐cell mobilization of healthy sibling donors with pegfilgrastim—A prospective open‐label phase II trial (EudraCT no: 2005‐004971‐39)
Authors: Vucinic Vladan , Jentzsch Madlen , Leiblein Sabine , Bach Enrica , Remane Yvonne , Schulze‐Forster Kai , Cross Michael , Pönisch Wolfram , Schwind Sebastian , Franke Georg‐Nikolaus , Platzbecker Uwe , Niederwieser Dietger
Published: December 2021

Background

Pegfilgrastim is a covalently bound conjugate of filgrastim and mono‐methoxypolyethylene glycol with a longer half‐life.

Study Design and Methods

We report on phase II prospective monocentric trial examining the feasibility of stem cell mobilization with 12 mg single dose pegfilgrastim in related donors. The objectives were to determine the optimal collection day, defined as CD34+ concentration in peripheral blood (PB) >50 cells/μl, the number of donors collected with single leukapheresis, and the peak level of pegfilgrastim in donor‐serum. Furthermore, the cell composition of grafts was assessed and compared to published data.

Results

The results included about 28 matched related donors. The median pegfilgrastim serum level remained >200 ng/mL for 48 hours before declining, with the maximal measured concentration of 259.49 ng/ml 24 h after application. The median white blood cell count and CD34 count in PB peaked on day four with 52.6 (range 22.8–85.0) Gpt/l and 66.25 (range 22.9–136.6) cells/μl, respectively. A CD34+ count >50 cells/μl on day four was detected in 75% of donors.

79% of the donors underwent a single collection. Conventional filgrastim was administered additionally in two donors, due to insufficient CD 34+ concentration in PB. 89% of donors showed CD34+ yields ≥4 (median 6.5, range 4.6–14.5) × 10/kg body weight of the recipient. All grafts were administered without rejections.

Discussion

The results of this trial showed that stem cell mobilization with pegfilgrastim is a feasible, and attractive option. This is the first trial presenting the kinetics of pegfilgrastim serum levels in healthy donors.
Nonergodicity in Load and Recovery: Group Results Do Not Generalize to Individuals
Authors: Neumann Niklas D. , Van Yperen Nico W. , Brauers Jur J. , Frencken Wouter , Brink Michel S. , Lemmink Koen A.P.M. , Meerhoff Laurentius A. , Den Hartigh Ruud J.R.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The study of load and recovery gained significant interest in the last decades, given its important value in decreasing the likelihood of injuries and improving performance. So far, findings are typically reported on the group level, whereas practitioners are most often interested in applications at the individual level. Hence, the aim of the present research is to examine to what extent group-level statistics can be generalized to individual athletes, which is referred to as the “ergodicity issue.” Nonergodicity may have serious consequences for the way we should analyze, and work with, load and recovery measures in the sports field. Methods: The authors collected load, that is, rating of perceived exertion × training duration, and total quality of recovery data among youth male players of a professional football club. This data were collected daily across 2 seasons and analyzed on both the group and the individual level. Results: Group- and individual-level analysis resulted in different statistical outcomes, particularly with regard to load. Specifically, SDs within individuals were up to 7.63 times larger than SDs between individuals. In addition, at either level, the authors observed different correlations between load and recovery. Conclusions: The results suggest that the process of load and recovery in athletes is nonergodic, which has important implications for the sports field. Recommendations for training programs of individual athletes may be suboptimal, or even erroneous, when guided by group-level outcomes. The utilization of individual-level analysis is key to ensure the optimal balance of individual load and recovery.
Birth Weight was Favorably Associated With Physical Fitness in Childhood After Adjustment for Several Perinatal Factors
Authors: Tambalis Konstantinos D. , Mourtakos Stamatis , Sidossis Labros S.
Published: December 2021

Background: The purpose was to examine the potential associations of birth weight and infant growth with physical fitness (PF) components in childhood. Method: A random sample of 5125 dyads of children aged 8–9 years and their mothers were evaluated. Telephone interviews were carried out with the use of a standardized questionnaire for the collection of maternal lifestyle factors. Mothers were asked to provide information contained in their medical booklets and pregnancy ultrasound records. Data from 5 PF tests were used to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, and body strength. Linear regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between birth weight and infant growth with PF test performances and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the associations of normal weight versus low birth weight and normal versus accelerated infant growth with PF tests performance categories (low vs high/average). Results: Birth weight was favorably associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (b = 0.12 stage increase per SD increase in birth weight, P = .047), lower body strength (b = 1.07, P = .037), upper body strength (b = 0.10, P = .038), and speed (b = −0.04, P = .001), and infant growth was associated with upper body strength (b = 0.21 cm increase per SD increase in infant weight gain, P < .001) after adjusting for children’s body mass index and several perinatal factors. Low birth weight children had 35% increased odds for low performances in PF tests compared with their normal birth weight counterparts. Conclusion: Low birth weight negatively affects childhood PF, and hence, it could play an unfavorable role in the future health of the offspring.
The three point asymmetric cumulants in high multiplicity pp collisions
Authors: Blok B. , Segev R.
Published: December 2021

We study the influence of quantum interference and colour flow on three point correlations described by asymmetric cumulants in high multiplicity events in pp collisions. We use the model previously developed for the study of the collectivity in symmetric cumulants. We show that the resulting three point asymmetric cumulant is in qualitative agreement with the experimental data for the same parameters of the model as it was with the symmetric cumulants. Our results show that the initial state correlations must play a major role and may be even dominant in the explanation of the correlations in high multiplicity pp events.
Designing Hierarchical IsoTruss Column Based on Controlling Multi-Buckling Behaviors
Authors: Lai Changliang , Sui Qianqian , Fan Hualin
Published: December 2021

To develop large-span but ultralight lattice truss columns, a hierarchical IsoTruss column (HITC) was proposed. The multi-buckling behavior of the axially compressed HITC was analyzed by the finite element method (FEM) using a parametric approach in the framework of ANSYS parametric design language (APDL). It was demonstrated that the program enables efficient generation of the finite element (FE) model, while facilitating the parametric design of the HITC. Using this program, the effects of helical angles and brace angles on the buckling behavior of the HITC were investigated. Depending on the helical angles and brace angles, the HITCs mainly have three buckling modes: the global buckling, the first-order local buckling and the second-order local buckling. Theoretical multi-buckling models were established to predict the critical buckling loads. Buckling failure maps based on the theoretical analyses were also developed, which can be useful in preliminary design of such structures.
A novel fluorescent “on-off-on” sensor for monohydrogen phosphate based on the 5, 10, 15, 20-(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin (TSPP) in nutrient solution and DFT calculation
Authors: Ma Qin , Ran Baocheng , Wu Jiang , Zhang Rong , Wei Zechen , Wang Huan
Published: December 2021

We successfully synthesized the 5, 10, 15, 20-(4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) by the most environmentally friendly method, afterwhich, we proposed a novel fluorescent “on-off-on” sensor for monohydrogen phosphate (HPO[Formula: see text] in the nutrient solution using the appealing fluorescence of TSPP. The switchable sensor based on TSPP was developed to determine HPO[Formula: see text] via fluorescence quenching of TSPP solution by Fe[Formula: see text] (off) and recovery by HPO[Formula: see text] (on). Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for HPO[Formula: see text] was 0.31 [Formula: see text]M (S/N=3), and a good linearity is showed in the range of 0–54.7 [Formula: see text]M with R2=0.9989. This method displayed several excellent properties including convenience, high selectivity and fast fluorescence response.
Automated Annotations for AI Data and Model Transparency
Authors: Thirumuruganathan Saravanan , Kunjir Mayuresh , Ouzzani Mourad , Chawla Sanjay
Published: December 2021

The data and Artificial Intelligence revolution has had a massive impact on enterprises, governments, and society alike. It is fueled by two key factors. First, data have become increasingly abundant and are often available openly. Enterprises have more data than they can process. Governments are spearheading open data initiatives by setting up data portals such as data.gov and releasing large amounts of data to the public. Second, AI engineering development is becoming increasingly democratized. Open source frameworks have enabled even an individual developer to engineer sophisticated AI systems. But with such ease of use comes the potential for irresponsible use of data.

Ensuring that AI systems adhere to a set of ethical principles is one of the major problems of our age. We believe that data and model transparency has a key role to play in mitigating the deleterious effects of AI systems. In this article, we describe a framework to synthesize ideas from various domains such as data transparency, data quality, data governance among others to tackle this problem. Specifically, we advocate an approach based on automated annotations (of both data and the AI model), which has a number of appealing properties. The annotations could be used by enterprises to get visibility of potential issues, prepare data transparency reports, create and ensure policy compliance, and evaluate the readiness of data for diverse downstream AI applications. We propose a model architecture and enumerate its key components that could achieve these requirements. Finally, we describe a number of interesting challenges and opportunities.
Machine-Learning Assisted Exploration: Toward the Next-Generation Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wei Sichen , Baek Soojung , Yue Hongyan , Liu Maomao , Yun Seok Joon , Park Sehwan , Lee Young Hee , Zhao Jiong , Li Huamin , Reyes Kristofer , Yao Fei
Published: December 2021

The development of active catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) made from low-cost materials constitutes a crucial challenge in the utilization of hydrogen energy. Earth-abundant molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been discovered recently with good activity and stability for HER. In this report, we employ a hydrothermal technique for MoS2 synthesis which is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach and has the potential for future mass production. Machine-learning (ML) techniques are built and subsequently used within a Bayesian Optimization framework to validate the optimal parameter combinations for synthesizing high-quality MoS2 catalyst within the limited parameter space. Compared with the heavy-labor and time-consuming trial-and-error approach, the ML techniques provide a more efficient toolkit to assist exploration of the most effective HER catalyst in hydrothermal synthesis. To investigate the structure-property relationship, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and various electrochemical characterizations have been conducted to investigate the superiority of the ML validated optimized sample. A strong correlation between the material structure and the HER performance has been observed for the optimized MoS2 catalyst.
Crosstalk between Venous Thromboembolism and Periodontal Diseases: A Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: He Zheng , Jiang Qilong , Li Fuping , Chen Mingxiang
Published: December 2021

Background. This current study applied bioinformatics analysis to reveal the crosstalk between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and periodontitis, as well as the potential role of immune-related genes in this context. Methods. Expression data were downloaded from the GEO database. Blood samples from venous thromboembolism (VTE) were used (GSE19151), while for periodontal disease, we used gingival tissue samples (GSE10334, GSE16134, and GSE23586). After batch correction, we used “limma” packages of R language for differential expression analysis (

p

value < 0.05,

∣
logFC
∣
≥
0.5

). We used Venn diagrams to extract the differentially expressed genes common to VTE and periodontitis as potential crosstalk genes and applied functional enrichment analysis (GO biological process and KEGG pathway). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of crosstalk genes was constructed by Cytoscape software. The immune-related genes were downloaded from the literature. The Wilcoxon test was used to test the scores of immune infiltrating cells. The crosstalk genes were further screened by LASSO Logistic Regression. Results. For periodontitis, 427 case and 136 control samples, and for VTE, 70 case and 63 control samples were included. The obtained PPI network had 1879 nodes and 2257 edges. Moreover, 782 immune genes and 28 cell types were included in the analysis. Over 90% of immune cells had different expressions in VTE and periodontitis. We obtained 12 significant pathways corresponding to crosstalk genes. CD3D, CSF3R, and CXCR4 acted as an immune gene and a crosstalk gene. We obtained a total of 12 shared biomarker crosstalk genes. Among those 12 biomarker crosstalk genes, 4 were immune genes (LGALS1, LSP1, SAMSN1, and WIPF1). Conclusion. Four biomarker crosstalk genes between periodontitis and VTE were also immune genes, i.e., LGALS1, LSP1, SAMSN1, and WIPF1. The findings of the current study need further validation and are a basis for development of biomarkers.
Efficacy and Safety of Shexiang Baoxin Pill for Coronary Heart Disease after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Jingjing , Liu Shanshan , Wang Xinlu , Li Bin , Qiao Lijie , Wang Yongxia , Zhu Mingjun
Published: December 2021

Objective. Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SBP) is a licensed Chinese herbal pharmaceutical that has been widely accustomed to treat coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study points to systematically assess the efficacy and security of the combination of SBP with conventional western medicine in the treatment of CHD after PCI. Methods. Databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SINOMED were searched to collect RCTs on SBP in CHD after PCI before July 2021. Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze the data. The Cochrane Collaboration Bias Risk Tool is used to assess the quality of methods. Results. A total of 19 eligible trials of 2022 patients with CHD after PCI were finally included. The results of the aggregate evidence showed that, compared with routine western medicine treatment alone, the combination of SBP with conventional treatment trial groups could significantly reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) of the patients (RR = 0.38, 95% CI (0.29, 0.51),

P
<
0.00001

). SBP also significantly enhanced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (MD = 4.00, 95% CI (3.42, 4.58),

P
<
0.00001

) and lessened N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels (MD = −167.18, 95% CI (−174.80, −159.57),

P
<
0.00001

). In addition, the inflammatory mediators and blood lipid index in the experimental group after the combined therapy were also mediated (

P
<
0.05

). Moreover, SBP did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions during treatment. The results of subgroup analysis illustrated that the length of the intervention course might be the source of the heterogeneity of NT-pro-BNP and hs-CRP. Conclusion. SBP could demonstrate a beneficial role in patients with CHD after PCI of reducing the incidence of MACE and improving LVEF, NT-pro-BNP, inflammatory mediators, and blood lipid index. However, limited by the quantity and quality of eligible studies, the above conclusions required more standardized, rigorous, high-quality clinical trials to verify further.
Research and Application of Ancient Chinese Pattern Restoration Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Fu Xuhui
Published: December 2021

In recent years, deep learning, as a very popular artificial intelligence method, can be said to be a small area in the field of image recognition. It is a type of machine learning, actually derived from artificial neural networks, and is a method used to learn the characteristics of sample data. It is a multilayer network, which can learn the information from the bottom to the top of the image through the multilayer network, so as to extract the characteristics of the sample, and then perform identification and classification. The purpose of deep learning is to make the machine have the same analytical and learning capabilities as the human brain. The ability of deep learning in data processing (including images) is unmatched by other methods, and its achievements in recent years have left other methods behind. This article comprehensively reviews the application research progress of deep convolutional neural networks in ancient Chinese pattern restoration and mainly focuses on the research based on deep convolutional neural networks. The main tasks are as follows: (1) a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the basic knowledge of deep convolutional neural and a summary of related algorithms along the three directions of text preprocessing, learning, and neural networks are provided. This article focuses on the related mechanism of traditional pattern repair based on deep convolutional neural network and analyzes the key structure and principle. (2) Research on image restoration models based on deep convolutional networks and adversarial neural networks is carried out. The model is mainly composed of four parts, namely, information masking, feature extraction, generating network, and discriminant network. The main functions of each part are independent and interdependent. (3) The method based on the deep convolutional neural network and the other two methods are tested on the same part of the Qinghai traditional embroidery image data set. From the final evaluation index of the experiment, the method in this paper has better evaluation index than the traditional image restoration method based on samples and the image restoration method based on deep learning. In addition, from the actual image restoration effect, the method in this paper has a better image restoration effect than the other two methods, and the restoration results produced are more in line with the habit of human observation with the naked eye.
Improvement of Bronchial Immune Hypersensitivity Reaction Using Extracts from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramatuelle and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
Authors: Cho Kyoungwon , Park Sung Sun , Choi Hakjoo
Published: December 2021

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramatuelle and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (skullcap) have been used as safe raw materials for drinking or as traditional medicines in Korea. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of ovalbumin-induced asthma in a mouse model. After establishing the model, mice were treated with a mixture of chrysanthemum and skullcap extracts at different mixing ratios (6 : 4, 7 : 3, and 8 : 2). Immune cell counts and the production of various inflammatory cytokines were measured using biochemical tests. Among the mixtures tested, the 7 : 3 ratio (CS73) showed the most pronounced effects. CS73 significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17E in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice. In addition, CS73 treatment significantly increased the production of IL-2 and interferon-γ and decreased the production of immunoglobulin E, histamine, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in asthmatic mice compared to the control group. Our results suggest that the combination of chrysanthemum and skullcap extracts, especially at a 7 : 3 ratio, can be used to improve bronchial health and contribute to improved public health.
WCL: Client Selection in Federated Learning with a Combination of Model Weight Divergence and Client Training Loss for Internet Traffic Classification
Authors: Guo Yingya , Huang Kai , Chen Jianshan
Published: December 2021

Internet traffic classification (TC) is a critical technique in network management and is widely applied in various applications. In traditional TC problems, the edge devices need to send the raw traffic data to the server for centralized processing, which not only generates a lot of communication overhead but also leads to the privacy leakage and information security issues. Federated learning (FL) is a new distributed machine learning paradigm that allows multiple clients to train a global model collaboratively without raw traffic data sharing. The TC in a FL framework preserves the user privacy and data security by keeping the raw traffic data local. However, because of the different user behaviours and user preferences, traffic data heterogeneity emerges. The existing FL solutions introduce bias in model training by averaging the local model parameters from all heterogeneous clients, which degrades the classification accuracy of the learnt global classification model. To improve the classification accuracy in heterogeneous data environment, this paper proposes a novel client selection algorithm, namely, WCL, in federated paradigm based on a combination of model weight divergence and local model training loss. Extensive experiments on the public traffic dataset QUIC and ISCX have proved that the WCL algorithm obtains, compared to CMFL, superior performance in improving model accuracy and convergence speed on low heterogeneous traffic data and high heterogeneous traffic data, respectively.
Analysis of Sports Event Management Teaching from the Perspective of Multimedia considering Multiobjective Teaching Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Wang Rongrong
Published: December 2021

At present, the combination of multimedia technology and physical education has been extensively applied, and the reform of sports event management has also attracted the attention of researchers. Reform and innovation have been carried out on the effective utilization of physical education resources and the image display of sports actions with great difficulties in the process of teaching and cross school and class synchronous learning, which has not only enriched the approaches and methods of sports management and teaching but also achieved certain effects.
A Large Goaf Group Treatment by means of Mine Backfill Technology
Authors: Jia Hanwen , Yan Baoxu , Yilmaz Erol
Published: December 2021

There are few studies on the management methods of large‐scale goaf groups per the specific surrounding rock mass conditions of each goaf. This paper evaluates comprehensively the stability of the multistage large‐scale goaf group in a Pb‐Zn mine in Inner Mongolia, China, via the modified Mathews stability diagram technique. The volume of each goaf to be backfilled was quantitatively analyzed in the combination of theoretical analysis and three‐dimensional laser scanning technology. The corresponding mechanical characteristics of the filling were determined by laboratory testing while formulating the treatment scheme of the large goaf group using the backfill method. The applicability of the treatment scheme using the backfill was verified by the combination of the numerical results of the distribution of the surrounding rock failure zone and the monitored data of the surface subsidence. The research results and treatment scheme using the backfill can provide a reference for similar conditions of mines worldwide.
Finite Element Modeling for Static Bending Behaviors of Rotating FGM Porous Beams with Geometrical Imperfections Resting on Elastic Foundation and Subjected to Axial Compression
Authors: Van Dang Nguyen
Published: December 2021

The static bending analysis of the FG porous beam resting on the two‐parameter elastic foundation is initially carried out using a combination of Reddy’s high‐order shear deformation theory and the finite element technique, where the initial geometrical imperfection and rotation movement in one fixed axis are calculated. Through the power‐law distribution function with porosities, material characteristics vary constantly from one surface to the next in the direction of thickness, and the beam is concurrently impacted by an acting force perpendicular to the beam axis and an axial compressive force. The stiffness matrix of the beam element changes as a result, and the static bending response of this beam is significantly different from that of ordinary beams. Comparison cases with published findings are used to verify the computational theory. The calculations clearly reveal many innovations for rotating beams that are influenced by many different kinds of loads, which may be used to the designing, manufacturing, and usage of these structures in reality.
Shock Hugoniot Data for Water up to 5 Mbar Obtained with Quartz Standard at High-Energy Laser Facilities
Authors: Mancelli D. , Errea I. , Tentori A. , Turianska O. , Larreur H. , Katagiri K. , Ozaki N. , Kamimura N. , Kamibayashi D. , Ishida K. , Ogura H. , Kawasaki K. , Maeda Y. , Hironaka Y. , Shigemori K. , Batani K. , Schaumann G. , Rosmej O. , Neumayer P. , Zielbauer B. , Martynenko A. S. , Filippov E. D. , Pikuz S. , Batani D.
Published: December 2021

In this work, we present experimental results on the behavior of liquid water at megabar pressure. The experiment was performed using the HIPER (High-Intensity Plasma Experimental Research) laser facility, a uniaxial irradiation chamber of GEKKO XII (GXII) at the Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), and the PHELIX at GSI (GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research), a single-beam high-power laser facility, to launch a planar shock into solid multilayered water samples. Equation-of-state data of water (H2O are obtained in the pressure range 0.50–4.6 Mbar by tuning the laser-drive parameters. The Hugoniot parameters (pressure, density, etc.) and the shock temperature were simultaneously determined by using VISAR and SOP as diagnostic tools and quartz as the standard material for impedance mismatch experiments. Finally, our experimental results are compared with hydrodynamic simulations tested with different equations of state, showing good compatibility with tabulated SESAME tables for water.