bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Refugee Students in Spain: The Role of Universities as Sustainable Actors in Institutional Integration
Authors: Marcu Silvia
Published: June 2018

This article examines the role of institutions—particularly universities—in the recent refugee crisis. It contributes to the debate on the integration of refugees through the higher education system in Spain. Based on semi-structured interviews with refugees and experts in the institutions linked to the reception and integration of refugees, the paper presents evidence—albeit within an under-developed field of analysis—which has strong practical and sustainable policy implications. I argue that expanding access to university, by recognizing refugees’ qualifications and their overcoming of language barriers, increases the potential of refugees to contribute to the socio-economic progress of the receiving country and thus avoid marginalization. The evidence-based analysis of the effectiveness of the existing initiatives and programs for the integration of student refugees identifies challenges that still need to be addressed. The conclusions highlight the role of universities as sustainable actors in the integration of refugees, which through their programs make the reality of refugees more visible to other actors throughout Europe in the hope of encouraging institutions and other organizations to follow their lead in effective and sustainable initiatives.
How to Address the Sustainability Transition of Farming Systems? A Conceptual Framework to Organize Research
Authors: Martin Guillaume , Allain Sandrine , Bergez Jacques-Eric , Burger-Leenhardt Delphine , Constantin Julie , Duru Michel , Hazard Laurent , Lacombe Camille , Magda Danièle , Magne Marie-Angélina , Ryschawy Julie , Thénard Vincent , Tribouillois Hélène , Willaume Magali
Published: June 2018

Stakeholders from academic, political, and social spheres encourage the development of more sustainable forms of agriculture. Given its scale and scope, the sustainability transition is a challenge to the entire agricultural sector. The main question is, how to support the transition process? In this article, we explore how agricultural science can address the sustainability transition of farming systems to understand and support transition processes. We discuss the potential for articulating three research approaches: comprehensive analysis, co-design, and simulation modeling. Comprehensive analysis of the sustainability transition provides perspectives on the interplay between resources, resource management, and related performances of farming systems on the one hand and technical, economic, and sociocultural dimensions of change on the other. Co-design of the sustainability transition stimulates local-scale transition experiments in the real world and identification of alternatives for change. Simulation modeling explores future-oriented scenarios of management at multiple levels and assesses their impacts. We illustrate the articulation of research approaches with two examples of research applied to agricultural water management and autonomy in crop-livestock systems. The resulting conceptual framework is the first one developed to organize research to understand and support the sustainability transition of farming systems.
A Case Study on Spatio-Temporal Data Mining of Urban Social Management Events Based on Ontology Semantic Analysis
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Liu Xianxiong , Wang Haiyin , Hu Qingwu
Published: June 2018

The massive urban social management data with geographical coordinates from the inspectors, volunteers, and citizens of the city are a new source of spatio-temporal data, which can be used for the data mining of city management and the evolution of hot events to improve urban comprehensive governance. This paper proposes spatio-temporal data mining of urban social management events (USMEs) based on ontology semantic approach. First, an ontology model for USMEs is presented to accurately extract effective social management events from non-structured UMSEs. Second, an explorer spatial data analysis method based on “event-event” and “event-place” from spatial and time aspects is presented to mine the information from UMSEs for the urban social comprehensive governance. The data mining results are visualized as a thermal chart and a scatter diagram for the optimization of the management resources configuration, which can improve the efficiency of municipal service management and municipal departments for decision-making. Finally, the USMEs of Qingdao City in August 2016 are taken as a case study with the proposed approach. The proposed method can effectively mine the management of social hot events and their spatial distribution patterns, which can guide city governance and enhance the city’s comprehensive management level.
Changes in Environmental Awareness and Its Connection to Local Environmental Management in Water Conservation Zones: The Case of Beijing, China
Authors: Du Yi , Wang Xiaoyan , Brombal Daniele , Moriggi Angela , Sharpley Andrew , Pang Shujiang
Published: June 2018

This paper aims at investigating the change over time in the environmental awareness in rural Chinese communities and its correlation with environmental management measures implemented at the local level. We identify three main components of awareness, namely: perception, behavior, and attitude toward environmental management measures. Data were collected from two surveys in three villages in northern China in 2006 and 2015 that interviewed 125 and 129 respondents, respectively, and were analyzed employing an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The results discussed in the paper show that environmental awareness increased between 2006–2015, and was mainly manifested in better environmental behavior and understanding of environmental status due an improvement in rural infrastructure and a greater amount of information provided to rural residents about the environment. Place of residence had a considerable influence on respondents’ environmental awareness: residents in eco-villages had a higher environmental awareness than those living in common agricultural villages. This appears to indicate a positive nexus between the comprehensiveness of environmental management measures implemented locally, and environmental awareness. Also, the universality of environment issues reduced the importance of socioeconomic and demographic factors in determining the degree of environmental awareness. However, more attention should be paid to villagers’ external behavior and inner feelings, such as their attitude to governmental management policies. These findings yield important policy implications that are relevant to the promotion of environmental awareness in China’s rural communities, and the adoption of more effective environmental management measures.
Consumer Intervention Mapping—A Tool for Designing Future Product Strategies within Circular Product Service Systems
Authors: Sinclair Matt , Sheldrick Leila , Moreno Mariale , Dewberry Emma
Published: June 2018

Re-distributed manufacturing presents a number of opportunities and challenges for New Product Development in a future Circular Economy. It has been argued that small-scale, flexible and localised production systems will reduce resource consumption, lower transport emissions and extend product lifetimes. At the same time smart products within the Internet of Things will gather and report data on user behaviour and product status. Many sustainable design tools have previously been developed but few are able to imagine and develop visions of how future sustainable product service systems might be manifested. This paper introduces the concept of Consumer Intervention Mapping as a tool for creating future product strategies. The tool visualises the points within a product’s lifecycle where stakeholders are able to intervene in the product’s expected journey. This perspective enables the rapid construction of scenarios that explore and describe future circular product service systems. Validation of the tool in three workshops is described and the outcomes are presented. Consumer Intervention Mapping is successful in creating scenarios that describe existing product service systems and new product concepts adapted to a Circular Economy paradigm. Further work is required to refine the tool’s performance in more focused and reflective design exercises.
Detection of Clostridium tetani Neurotoxins Inhibited In Vivo by Botulinum Antitoxin B: Potential for Misleading Mouse Test Results in Food Controls
Authors: Bano Luca , Tonon Elena , Drigo Ilenia , Pirazzini Marco , Guolo Angela , Farina Giovanni , Agnoletti Fabrizio , Montecucco Cesare
Published: June 2018

The presence of botulinum neurotoxin-producing Clostridia (BPC) in food sources is a public health concern. In favorable environmental conditions, BPC can produce botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) outside or inside the vertebrate host, leading to intoxications or toxico-infectious forms of botulism, respectively. BPC in food are almost invariably detected either by PCR protocols targeted at the known neurotoxin-encoding genes, or by the mouse test to assay for the presence of BoNTs in the supernatants of enrichment broths inoculated with the tested food sample. The sample is considered positive for BPC when the supernatant contains toxic substances that are lethal to mice, heat-labile and neutralized in vivo by appropriate polyclonal antibodies raised against purified BoNTs of different serotypes. Here, we report the detection in a food sample of a Clostridium tetani strain that produces tetanus neurotoxins (TeNTs) with the above-mentioned characteristics: lethal for mice, heat-labile and neutralized by botulinum antitoxin type B. Notably, neutralization occurred with two different commercially available type B antitoxins, but not with type A, C, D, E and F antitoxins. Although TeNT and BoNT fold very similarly, evidence that antitoxin B antiserum can neutralize the neurotoxic effect of TeNT in vivo has not been documented before. The presence of C. tetani strains in food can produce misleading results in BPC detection using the mouse test.
Classes, Databases, and Prediction Methods of Pharmaceutically and Commercially Important Cystine-Stabilized Peptides
Authors: Islam S M Ashiqul , Kearney Christopher Michel , Baker Erich
Published: June 2018

Cystine-stabilized peptides represent a large family of peptides characterized by high structural stability and bactericidal, fungicidal, or insecticidal properties. Found throughout a wide range of taxa, this broad and functionally important family can be subclassified into distinct groups dependent upon their number and type of cystine bonding patters, tertiary structures, and/or their species of origin. Furthermore, the annotation of proteins related to the cystine-stabilized family are under-represented in the literature due to their difficulty of isolation and identification. As a result, there are several recent attempts to collate them into data resources and build analytic tools for their dynamic prediction. Ultimately, the identification and delivery of new members of this family will lead to their growing inclusion into the repertoire of commercial viable alternatives to antibiotics and environmentally safe insecticides. This review of the literature and current state of cystine-stabilized peptide biology is aimed to better describe peptide subfamilies, identify databases and analytics resources associated with specific cystine-stabilized peptides, and highlight their current commercial success.
Staphylococcus aureus Toxins and Their Molecular Activity in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Oliveira Diana , Borges Anabela , Simões Manuel
Published: June 2018

Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism resident in the skin and nasal membranes with a dreadful pathogenic potential to cause a variety of community and hospital-acquired infections. The frequency of these infections is increasing and their treatment is becoming more difficult. The ability of S. aureus to form biofilms and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains are the main reasons determining the challenge in dealing with these infections. S. aureus' infectious capacity and its success as a pathogen is related to the expression of virulence factors, among which the production of a wide variety of toxins is highlighted. For this reason, a better understanding of S. aureus toxins is needed to enable the development of new strategies to reduce their production and consequently improve therapeutic approaches. This review focuses on understanding the toxin-based pathogenesis of S. aureus and their role on infectious diseases.
A Rapid Appraisal of Factors Influencing Praziquantel Treatment Compliance in Two Communities Endemic for Schistosomiasis in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Coulibaly Jean T. , Ouattara Mamadou , Barda Beatrice , Utzinger Jürg , N’Goran Eliézer K. , Keiser Jennifer
Published: June 2018

Over the past decade, a significant reduction in the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been achieved, partially explained by the large-scale administration of praziquantel. Yet, the burden of schistosomiasis remains considerable, and factors influencing intervention coverage are important. This study aimed to deepen the understanding of low treatment coverage rates observed in two schistosomiasis-endemic villages in Côte d’Ivoire. The research was conducted in August 2015, in Moronou and Bigouin, two villages of Côte d’Ivoire that are endemic for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, respectively. After completion of a clinical trial, standard praziquantel treatment (single 40 mg/kg oral dose) was offered to all village inhabitants by community health workers using a house-to-house approach. Factors influencing treatment coverage were determined by a questionnaire survey, randomly selecting 405 individuals. The overall treatment coverage rate was only 47.6% (2730/5733) with considerable intervillage heterogeneity (27.7% in Bigouin (302/1091) versus 52.3% in Moronou (2428/4642)). Among the 200 individuals interviewed in Moronou, 50.0% were administered praziquantel, while only 19.5% of the 205 individuals interviewed in Bigouin received praziquantel. The main reasons for low treatment coverage were work-related (agricultural activities), the bitter taste of praziquantel and previous experiences with adverse events. The most suitable period for treatment campaigns was reported to be the dry season. More than three-quarter of the interviewees who had taken praziquantel (overall, 116/140; Moronou, 84/100; Bigouin, 32/40) declared that they would not participate in future treatments (p < 0.001). In order to enhance praziquantel treatment coverage, careful consideration should be given to attitudes and practices, such as prior or perceived adverse events and taste of praziquantel, and appropriate timing, harmonized with agricultural activities. Without such understanding, breaking the transmission of schistosomiasis remains a distant goal.
Is it no Longer Necessary to Test Cosmologies with Type Ia Supernovae?
Authors: Vishwakarma Ram Gopal , Narlikar Jayant V.
Published: June 2018

We look at the current practice of analyzing the magnitude–redshift relation from the data on Type Ia supernovae. We show that, if the main aim of such analysis were to check the validity of a cosmological model, then the recently advanced arguments do not serve the purpose. Rather, the procedure followed tells us only about the statistical significance of the internal parameters used in the model, whereas the model itself is tacitly assumed to give a good fit to the data. A statistical assessment of the procedure is given and it is argued that given the growing data, the validity of the cosmological model should be checked first rather than the spread of any internal parameters. In passing we also discuss some aspects of the Milne model in the light of the present test.
Improving the Muskingum Flood Routing Method Using a Hybrid of Particle Swarm Optimization and Bat Algorithm
Authors: Ehteram Mohammad , Binti Othman Faridah , Mundher Yaseen Zaher , Abdulmohsin Afan Haitham , Falah Allawi Mohammed , Bt. Abdul Malek Marlinda , Najah Ahmed Ali , Shahid Shamsuddin , P. Singh Vijay , El-Shafie Ahmed
Published: June 2018

Flood prediction and control are among the major tools for decision makers and water resources planners to avoid flood disasters. The Muskingum model is one of the most widely used methods for flood routing prediction. The Muskingum model contains four parameters that must be determined for accurate flood routing. In this context, an optimization process that self-searches for the optimal values of these four parameters might improve the traditional Muskingum model. In this study, a hybrid of the bat algorithm (BA) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, i.e., the hybrid bat-swarm algorithm (HBSA), was developed for the optimal determination of these four parameters. Data for the three different case studies from the USA and the UK were utilized to examine the suitability of the proposed HBSA for flood routing. Comparative analyses based on the sum of squared deviations (SSD), sum of absolute deviations (SAD), error of peak discharge, and error of time to peak showed that the proposed HBSA based on the Muskingum model achieved excellent flood routing accuracy compared to that of other methods while requiring less computational time.
Research on Cascade Reservoirs’ Short-Term Optimal Operation under the Effect of Reverse Regulation
Authors: Ji Changming , Yu Hongjie , Wu Jiajie , Yan Xiaoran , Li Rui
Published: June 2018

Currently research on joint operation of a large reservoir and its re-regulating reservoir focuses on either water quantity regulation or water head regulation. The accuracy of relevant models is in need of improvement if the influence of factors such as water flow hysteresis and the aftereffect of tail water level variation are taken into consideration. In this paper, given the actual production of Pankou-Xiaoxuan cascade hydropower stations that combines two operation modes (‘electricity to water’ and ‘water to electricity’), a coupling model of their short-term optimal operation is developed, which considers Xiaoxuan reservoir’s regulating effect on Pankou reservoir’s outflow volume and water head. Factors such as water flow hysteresis and the aftereffect of tail water level variation are also considered to enhance the model’s accuracy. The Backward Propagation (BP) neural network is employed for precise calculation of the downstream reservoir’s inflow and the upstream reservoir’s tail water level. Besides, we put forth Accompanying Progressive Optimality Algorithm (APOA) to solve the coupling model with aftereffect. An example is given to verify the scientificity of the proposed model and the advantages of APOA. Through analysis of the model calculation results, the optimal operation rules of the cascade reservoirs are obtained in terms of water quantity regulation and water head regulation, which can provide scientific reference for cascade reservoirs’ optimal operation.
End Use Level Water and Energy Interactions: A Large Non-Residential Building Case Study
Authors: Nair Sudeep , Hashim Hafiz , Hannon Louise , Clifford Eoghan
Published: June 2018

Within the European Union, buildings account for around 40% of the energy use and 36% of CO2 emissions, thus representing a significant challenge in the context of recent EU directives that require all new buildings to be nearly zero-energy by 2020. Reduced consumption of water, and hot water in particular, provides a significant opportunity to reduce energy consumption. While there have been numerous studies pertaining to the water-energy nexus of residential buildings, the complexity of water networks in larger buildings has meant that this area has been relatively unexplored. The paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the hot water use profile, associated energy use, on-site pumping energy use, carbon emissions, and solar energy harvesting potential in an Irish university building over periods before and after water conservation efforts. Total water-related energy consumption (including the heating and pumping losses) were analysed using the WHAM model and modified pumping energy expressions. The results revealed that water heating including losses contributed to as high as 30% of total building energy consumption, and stringent water conservation measures reduced the average hot water use rate by 8.5 m3/day. It was found that 10% of the total pumping energy was constituted by pump start-ups. Simulation results for solar harvesting potential in the study site found that around 60% of water heating energy demand could be met by solar energy in the new water demand scenario. The study results can act as a benchmark for similar buildings, and the model combination can be emulated in future studies.
Simulation of Fluid and Complex Obstacle Coupling Based on Narrow Band FLIP Method
Authors: Zou Changjun , Yin Yong
Published: June 2018

With the continuous development of fluid simulation theory and technology, there are increasingly higher requirements for simulation of complex fluid interaction. Fluid simulation based on the Eulerian method is limited by the grid resolution, and the sawtooth phenomenon occurs near the obstacle boundary. To enhance the fluid interaction performance with complex obstacle, an advanced fluid interaction method was proposed based on NBFLIP. Improved from FLIP method, the NBFLIP method combines the advantages of Euler method and Lagrangian method. The SDF method is proposed in complex obstacle discretion, with an expectation to facilitate the processing with obstacle boundary and efficiency improvement. Compared with FLIP method, particle number in NBFLIP method is reduced by 86.2% and the average running time per frame is reduced by 36.1%.
Steric “attraction”: not by dispersion alone
Authors: Gryn’ova Ganna , Corminboeuf Clémence
Published: June 2018

Non-covalent interactions between neutral, sterically hindered organic molecules generally involve a strong stabilizing contribution from dispersion forces that in many systems turns the ‘steric repulsion’ into a ‘steric attraction’. In addition to London dispersion, such systems benefit from electrostatic stabilization, which arises from a short-range effect of charge penetration and gets bigger with increasing steric bulk. In the present work, we quantify this contribution for a diverse set of molecular cores, ranging from unsubstituted benzene and cyclohexane to their derivatives carrying tert-butyl, phenyl, cyclohexyl and adamantyl substituents. While the importance of electrostatic interactions in the dimers of sp2-rich (e.g., π-conjugated) cores is well appreciated, less polarizable assemblies of sp3-rich systems with multiple short-range CH···HC contacts between the bulky cyclohexyl and adamantyl moieties are also significantly influenced by electrostatics. Charge penetration is drastically larger in absolute terms for the sp2-rich cores, but still has a non-negligible effect on the sp3-rich dimers, investigated herein, both in terms of their energetics and equilibrium interaction distances. These results emphasize the importance of this electrostatic effect, which has so far been less recognized in aliphatic systems compared to London dispersion, and are therefore likely to have implications for the development of force fields and methods for crystal structure prediction.
Estimating the Porosity Structure of Granular Bodies Using the Lane–Emden Equation Applied to Laboratory Measurements of the Pressure–Density Relation of Fluffy Granular Samples
Authors: Omura Tomomi , Nakamura Akiko M.
Published: June 2018

The porosity structure of a granular body is an important characteristic that affects evolutionary changes in the body. We conducted compression experiments using fluffy granular samples with various particle sizes, shapes, and compositions. We approximated the pressure-filling factor relationship of each sample with a power law (a modified polytropic relationship). We also fit our previous data and literature data for fluffy granular samples using a power-law equation. The fitting with a power-law form was as good as that achieved with the equations used for powders in previous studies. The polytropic indices obtained in the current study ranged from ∼0.01 to ∼0.3 and tended to decrease with increasing particle size for samples of similar porosities. We calculated the radial porosity structure and bulk porosity of granular bodies with various radii using the Lane–Emden equation. The results provide the initial, most porous structures of accreted primordial bodies, or re-accumulated rubble-pile bodies consisting of particles that have compression properties similar to those of the assumed granular materials. A range of porosity structures is allowed for a body of given size and macroporosity, depending on the compression properties of the constituent granular material.
Blooming Trees: Substructures and Surrounding Groups of Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Yu 余 Heng 恒 , Diaferio Antonaldo , Serra Ana Laura , Baldi Marco
Published: June 2018

We develop the Blooming Tree Algorithm, a new technique that uses spectroscopic redshift data alone to identify the substructures and the surrounding groups of galaxy clusters, along with their member galaxies. Based on the estimated binding energy of galaxy pairs, the algorithm builds a binary tree that hierarchically arranges all of the galaxies in the field of view. The algorithm searches for buds, corresponding to gravitational potential minima on the binary tree branches; for each bud, the algorithm combines the number of galaxies, their velocity dispersion, and their average pairwise distance into a parameter that discriminates between the buds that do not correspond to any substructure or group, and thus eventually die, and the buds that correspond to substructures and groups, and thus bloom into the identified structures. We test our new algorithm with a sample of 300 mock redshift surveys of clusters in different dynamical states; the clusters are extracted from a large cosmological N-body simulation of a ΛCDM model. We limit our analysis to substructures and surrounding groups identified in the simulation with mass larger than 1013
h
−1
M
⊙. With mock redshift surveys with 200 galaxies within 6 h
−1 Mpc from the cluster center, the technique recovers 80% of the real substructures and 60% of the surrounding groups; in 57% of the identified structures, at least 60% of the member galaxies of the substructures and groups belong to the same real structure. These results improve by roughly a factor of two the performance of the best substructure identification algorithm currently available, the σ plateau algorithm, and suggest that our Blooming Tree Algorithm can be an invaluable tool for detecting substructures of galaxy clusters and investigating their complex dynamics.
Space-based Coronagraphic Imaging Polarimetry of the TW Hydrae Disk: Shedding New Light on Self-shadowing Effects
Authors: Poteet Charles A. , Chen Christine H. , Hines Dean C. , Perrin Marshall D. , Debes John H. , Pueyo Laurent , Schneider Glenn , Mazoyer Johan , Kolokolova Ludmilla
Published: June 2018

We present Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer coronagraphic imaging polarimetry of the TW Hydrae protoplanetary disk. These observations simultaneously measure the total and polarized intensity, allowing direct measurement of the polarization fraction across the disk. In accord with the self-shadowing hypothesis recently proposed by Debes et al., we find that the total and polarized intensity of the disk exhibits strong azimuthal asymmetries at projected distances consistent with the previously reported bright and dark ring-shaped structures (∼45–99 au). The sinusoidal-like variations possess a maximum brightness at position angles near ∼268°–300° and are up to ∼28% stronger in total intensity. Furthermore, significant radial and azimuthal variations are also detected in the polarization fraction of the disk. In particular, we find that regions of lower polarization fraction are associated with annuli of increased surface brightness, suggesting that the relative proportion of multiple-to-single scattering is greater along the ring and gap structures. Moreover, we find strong (∼20%) azimuthal variation in the polarization fraction along the shadowed region of the disk. Further investigation reveals that the azimuthal variation is not the result of disk flaring effects, but is instead from a decrease in the relative contribution of multiple-to-single scattering within the shadowed region. Employing a two-layer scattering surface, we hypothesize that the diminished contribution in multiple scattering may result from shadowing by an inclined inner disk, which prevents direct stellar light from reaching the optically thick underlying surface component.
Revealing the Nature of Blazar Radio Cores through Multifrequency Polarization Observations with the Korean VLBI Network
Authors: Park Jongho , Kam Minchul , Trippe Sascha , Kang Sincheol , Byun Do-Young , Kim Dae-Won , Algaba Juan-Carlos , Lee Sang-Sung , Zhao Guang-Yao , Kino Motoki , Shin Naeun , Hada Kazuhiro , Lee Taeseok , Oh Junghwan , Hodgson Jeffrey A. , Sohn Bong Won
Published: June 2018

We study the linear polarization of the radio cores of eight blazars simultaneously at 22, 43, and 86 GHz with observations obtained by the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) in three epochs between late 2016 and early 2017 in the frame of the Plasma-physics of Active Galactic Nuclei project. We investigate the Faraday rotation measure (RM) of the cores; the RM is expected to increase with observing frequency if core positions depend on frequency owing to synchrotron self-absorption. We find a systematic increase of RMs at higher observing frequencies in our targets. The RM–ν relations follow power laws with indices distributed around 2, indicating conically expanding outflows serving as Faraday rotating media. Comparing our KVN data with contemporaneous optical polarization data from the Steward Observatory for a few sources, we find indications that the increase of RM with frequency saturates at frequencies of a few hundred gigahertz. This suggests that blazar cores are physical structures rather than simple τ = 1 surfaces. A single region, e.g., a recollimation shock, might dominate the jet emission downstream of the jet-launching region. We detect a sign change in the observed RMs of CTA 102 on a timescale of ≈1 month, which might be related to new superluminal components emerging from its core undergoing acceleration/deceleration and/or bending. We see indications for quasars having higher core RMs than BL Lac objects, which could be due to denser inflows/outflows in quasars.
Similar Scaling Relations for the Gas Content of Galaxies Across Environments to z ∼ 3.5
Authors: Darvish Behnam , Scoville Nick Z. , Martin Christopher , Mobasher Bahram , Diaz-Santos Tanio , Shen Lu
Published: June 2018

We study the effects of the local environment on the molecular gas content of a large sample of log(M
*/M
⊙) ≳ 10 star-forming and starburst galaxies with specific star formation rates (sSFRs) on and above the main sequence (MS) to z ∼ 3.5. ALMA observations of the dust continuum in the COSMOS field are used to estimate molecular gas masses at z ≈ 0.5–3.5. We also use a local universe sample from the ALFALFA H i survey after converting it into molecular masses. The molecular mass (M
ISM) scaling relation shows a dependence on z, M
*, and sSFR relative to the MS, but no dependence on environmental overdensity Δ(M
ISM ∝ Δ0.03). Similarly, gas mass fraction (f
gas) and depletion timescale (τ) show no environmental dependence to z ∼ 3.5. At

 ∼ 1.8, the average

,

, and

in densest regions is (1.6 ± 0.2) × 1011
M
⊙, 55 ± 2%, and 0.8 ± 0.1 Gyr, respectively, similar to those in the lowest density bin. Independent of the environment, f
gas decreases and τ increases with increasing cosmic time. Cosmic molecular mass density (ρ) in the lowest density bins peaks at z ∼ 1–2, and this peak happens at z < 1 in densest bins. This differential evolution of ρ across environments is likely due to the growth of the large-scale structure with cosmic time. Our results suggest that the molecular gas content and the subsequent star formation activity of log(M
*/M
⊙) ≳ 10 star-forming and starburst galaxies is primarily driven by internal processes, and not by their local environment since z ∼ 3.5.
Breaking Taylor–Proudman Balance by Magnetic Fields in Stellar Convection Zones
Authors: Hotta H.
Published: June 2018

We carry out high-resolution calculations for the stellar convection zone. The main purpose of this Letter is to investigate the effect of a small-scale dynamo on the differential rotation. The solar differential rotation deviates from the Taylor–Proudman state in which the angular velocity does not change along the rotational axis. To break the Taylor–Proudman state deep in the convection zone, it is thought that a latitudinal entropy gradient is required. In this Letter, we find that the small-scale dynamo has three roles in the deviation of the stellar differential rotation from the Taylor–Proudman state. 1) The shear of the angular velocity is suppressed. This leads to a situation where the latitudinal entropy gradient efficiently breaks the Taylor–Proudman state. 2) The perturbation of the entropy increases with the suppression of the turbulent velocity between upflows and downflows. 3) The convection velocity is reduced. This increases the effect of the rotation on the convection. The second and third factors increase the latitudinal entropy gradient and break the Taylor–Proudman state. We find that an efficient small-scale dynamo has a significant impact on the stellar differential rotation.
How to Improve Clinical Outcome of Epileptic Seizure Control Based on Medication Adherence? A Literature Review
Authors: Ernawati Iin , Islamiyah Wardah Rahmatul , - Sumarno
Published: June 2018

Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs) are the main therapy for epilepsy to prevent seizures. Non-adherence situation plays an important factor in the failure of seizure control. Such a condition may generate several impacts on clinical, social, and economic aspect. Several methods are used to measure adherence in epilepsy patients, including direct and indirect measurement. The direct measure involves measurement of drug levels in hair or body fluids such as blood and saliva. Whereas, indirect measure involves the non-biological tools, for example, a self-report measure, pill counts, appointment attendance, medication refills, and seizure frequency. Numerous factors may affect adherence in epilepsy patients, such as age, sex, and seizure aetiology, seizure sites, which are categorised as irreversible factors and hardly to be improved. However, there are factors that can be influenced to improve adherence such as patient knowledge, medication, cultural, health care professionals, and national health policies, which are related to treatment and education factor which is associated with behaviour to be likely adherence.
The Effect of Orthodontic Intervention on Mental Health and Body Image
Authors: Imani Mohammad Moslem , Jalali Amir , Dinmohammadi Mohammadreza , Nouri Parichehr
Published: June 2018

AIM: Physical health especially oral and dental health can play a leading role in individuals’ mental health status. Therefore, determining the relationship between orthodontics, mental health, and body image can provide solutions for the development of treatment services and provision of greater accessibility of communities to them.METHODS: The present study was natural experimental research conducted to determine the relationship between orthodontic treatment, mental health, and body image. To conduct this research, individuals referring to orthodontic clinics in the city of Kermanshah and meeting the inclusion criteria in the study were selected using convenience sampling method and then they were assessed before and after undergoing orthodontics via the standardised Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ).RESULTS: The mean scores of mental health problems in the study participants reduced and such a difference calculated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a 95% confidence level was significant (P = 0.001). Moreover, all the subscales of GHQ in the study participants showed a significant decrease after orthodontics compared to the stage before that (P ˂ 0.05). The mean score of MBSRQ before orthodontics was equal to 171.78 and this value reached 172.51 after that, indicating individuals’ increased scores and their high levels of satisfaction with their body image. Nevertheless, the given difference was trivial, and it was not statistically significant (P = 0.751).CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study showed that orthodontic treatment could significantly increase mental health status in the clients and also improve multidimensional attitudes towards body image.
Third and Fourth Degree Perineal Tear in Four-Year Period at Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
Authors: Djaković Ivka , Ejubović Emina , Bolanča Ivan , Markuš Sandrić Marina , Bečić Dino , Djaković Željko , Košec Vesna
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVES: Obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) includes the third and fourth degree of perineal injury. The risk for OASIS is about 1% of all vaginal deliveries. If not recognised and treated properly, obstetric anal sphincter injury can have serious consequences for reproductive age woman.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have retrospectively gathered and analysed data on obstetric anal sphincter injury in a four-year period at our department. The control group in this study included vaginal deliveries in 2012.RESULTS: We recorded 0.34% third and fourth degree of perineal injury in all vaginal deliveries, and 87.9% of those patients were primiparae. Episiotomy was performed in 57.6% of all women with obstetric anal sphincter injury. In 30.3% of cases, newborns were large for gestational age. Gestational diabetes was found in 9.1% of OASIS cases, occipitoposterior position was found in 9.1% of cases. Induced labour took place in 39.4%, and oxytocin infusion was applied in 60.6% of OASIS cases. Vacuum extraction was performed in 12.1% of deliveries with OASIS. The average BMI in 3a and 3b injuries was 29.9. In 3c degree it was 28.0, and in the fourth degree, it was 32.1. In 27.0% of OASIS cases due to the extent of the injury surgeon engagement was necessary. When compared with vaginal deliveries in 2012 we found a significant increase in OASIS in primiparas, large for gestational age, occipitoposterior position, induced labour, vacuum extraction and hypertension (P < 0.01). There is also increased incidence of OASIS in episiotomy and oxytocin use group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Low incidence of OASIS in our department is a result of active management of delivery, manual perineal protection and timely episiotomy.
Are resilient factors increasing the risk for childhood psychological victimization?
Authors: Jordanova-Peshevska Dimitrinka , Tozija Fimka
Published: June 2018

Background: Understanding the resilient factors and why some children do well despite early adverse experiences is crucial, because it can inform more effective policies and programs that help more children reach their full potential.Aim: The main objective of the study is to describe the associations between psychological abuse in childhood and resilient risk factors on individual, relational, contextual level among adolescents in the country and see the probability of resiliency to predict psychological victimization.  Material and method: Cross-sectional study on two stage quota sample of 622 university students was applied in the study, including adolescents at first-year at the main public University “St Cyril and Methodius, Skopje”, from the 12 faculties in the country. Adverse Childhood Experiences Study International Questionnaires was used for collecting information on psychological abuse, while the individual, relational and contextual resilient factors were measured using the Child аnd Youth Resilience Measure - Youth version. The study was conducted from March to September 2017. Statistical significance was set up at p<0.05.Results: The results from the study have shown statistically significant negative correlation between exposure to psychological abuse in childhood and individual (rpb =-.159), relational (rpb =-.263), contextual factors (rpb = -.147), and resilience in total (rpb =-.232). The regressive model presents that 5.2% of the variance of the variable experienced psychological abuse is explained with resilience (F(1, 527)=28.909; p<.001), showing that resilience is negatively significant predictor for being psychologically abused in childhood (β=-.228; t=-5.377; p<.001).Conclusion: Supporting children by prevention means foster competence and prevent problems. Preventive programms represent developing protective factors in childhood, increasing competence and skills for the growth of resilience and decreasing the likelihood for developing psychopathology in adolescence and adulthood. It is of common interest of society for implementation of evidence based interventions with nurturing environments and in the long run setting up positive childhood platform  for future generations.
Les labyrinthes du pouvoir : les mairies du changement face aux administrations
Authors: Blanca Rodrigo , Ganuza Ernesto , Jami Irène
Published: June 2018

Madrid, 3,5 millions d’habitant.e.s, épicentre de la quatrième aire métropolitaine d’Europe par sa taille, est aujourd’hui gouvernée par un parti qui n’existait pas avant 2015. Après plus de 25 ans de gouvernements conservateurs, la cité madrilène est passée sous l’autorité de personnes quasiment dépourvues d’expérience de politique institutionnelle. Neuf des onze membres de la Junta de Gobierno Local  – l’organe de gestion le plus important des municipalités en Espagne – de Madrid (en février 2018) n’avaient aucune expérience de politique institutionnelle avant 2015. Ce sont en majorité des universitaires, qui étaient activistes ou militant.e.s dans des mouvements sociaux 1 . Cette description photographique du gouvernement madrilène est très proche de celles que l’on peut observer dans d’autres villes comme Barcelone, dont la maire était jusqu’en 2013 la porte-parole du mouvement de la plateforme des victimes du crédit hypothécaire (PAH, Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca ), l’un des mouvements de protestation les plus emblématiques de la décennie dans le pays. On rencontre des situations similaires à La Corogne, Saint-Jacques de Compostelle, Saragosse, Valence ou Cadix. Dans nombre d’autres villes (Cordoue, Alicante, Getafe, Séville..), des élu.e.s issu.e.s de nouveaux partis ont rejoint les groupes parlementaires des conseils municipaux, même lorsque les élections ne leur ont pas donné le pouvoir. Les élections de mai 2015 ont, sans aucun doute, été l’occasion d’affirmer partout, au niveau municipal, une nouvelle rhétorique qui a permis de moduler, avec plus ou moins de succès, la gestion politique de certaines villes.
Oui, on peut concilier démocratie radicale et gestion efficace
Authors: Soto Pablo , Ganuza Ernesto , Nez Héloïse , Sintomer Yves , Jami Irène
Published: June 2018

Pablo Soto, né en 1979, est souvent présenté comme le « geek » de Podemos : informaticien, il a développé des protocoles et des logiciels de partage des fichiers musicaux, puis un logiciel peer to peer open source de partage d’espace de stockage, ce qui lui a valu d’éprouvantes poursuites judiciaires dont il est sorti conforté dans ses pratiques. Il met aujourd’hui à profit sa connaissance des réseaux sociaux pour concevoir des mécanismes de démocratie participative innovants à la mairie de Madrid. Après la table ronde consacrée, le 2 mars 2018, au nouveau municipalisme, Mouvements souhaitait approfondir avec lui le bilan de l’expérience de la mairie du changement emmenée par Manuela Carmena à Madrid.
Quand la JAI fait dissidence
Authors: Tacea Angela
Published: June 2018

Malgré le renforcement des prérogatives des parlements nationaux dans la procédure décisionnelle européenne en matière de justice et de sécurité intérieure, l’existence d’un contrôle parlementaire des politiques européennes dans ce domaine et les conditions d’exercice d’un tel contrôle sont, à ce jour, largement méconnues. Grâce à une analyse quantitative de l’ensemble des parlements nationaux européens pour la période 2010-2012, cet article rend compte de l’existence d’un contrôle parlementaire des politiques européens de justice et de sécurité intérieure et identifie les conditions d’exercice d’un tel contrôle. L’analyse montre d’une part, que les parlements ne restent pas indifférents au domaine de liberté, de sécurité et de justice et contrôlent les politiques européennes dans ce domaine. D’autre part, elle relève que le contrôle parlementaire des politiques européennes de justice et de sécurité intérieure s’explique par les capacités institutionnelles et techniques des parlements à exercer un contrôle du domaine, de même que par la volonté des acteurs impliqués d’en faire usage.
Is there an MEP in the House?
Authors: Shemer-Kunz Yoav
Published: June 2018

Comment les eurodéputés participent-ils à l’élaboration des politiques européennes au sein de leurs parlements nationaux ? Avec un sondage unique parmi des eurodéputés (N = 150), nous évaluons leur présence au sein de la commission des Affaires européennes du Parlement national de leur État de nationalité. Nous constatons que les eurodéputés assistent plus souvent aux réunions de cette commission lorsque celle-ci est forte ; quand ils ont une possibilité réelle de participer aux travaux de la commission ; et lorsque ces eurodéputés appartiennent à un grand parti politique. En effet, les eurodéputés ayant une réelle chance d’influencer la position de leur gouvernement national sur des enjeux politiques au niveau européen sont plus enclins à assister aux réunions de la commission des Affaires européennes que les eurodéputés dont la capacité d’influence sur les décisions du gouvernement est moindre.
De la possibilité d’une citoyenneté universelle
Authors: Policar Alain
Published: June 2018

Promouvoir la citoyenneté, c’est avant tout lutter efficacement contre les inégalités économiques et sociales. Cette lutte peut-elle se limiter aux frontières nationales ? Le recours à la pensée stoïcienne et au cosmopolitisme kantien permet de penser ce que pourrait être une citoyenneté universelle, dont on souligne la vocation critique. La tâche est donc de construire un statut politique indépendant des frontières.
Citoyenne du monde : mon au-delà de la maladie et du handicap
Authors: Colombe Christelle
Published: June 2018

En quelques pages, Christelle Colombe invite le lecteur à partager les multiples aspects de son existence. Binationale, Française et Malgache, ayant vécu tant en Amérique qu’en France, à bon droit peut-elle se considérer comme citoyenne du monde. Elle décrit des débuts difficiles ayant conduit à des hospitalisations psychiatriques, puis un courage lui ayant permis une insertion dans le monde du travail dans les limites du possible. Elle n’hésite pas à se soigner et n’oublie jamais de s’ouvrir aux autres. Elle donne le sentiment d’être parvenue à une vie sereine, ayant bien sa place dans la cité, une vraie parisienne.
En partant des GEM : je trame, nous tramons
Authors: Monsaingeon Clarisse , Mugnier Christophe , Sabatier Julie , Vaillant Alexandre
Published: June 2018

Le choix du mot trame prend tout son sens quand il vise à proposer un accueil inconditionnel pour les personnes en difficulté psychique dans le département de Seine-Saint-Denis. Dans le prolongement des GEM, La Trame assume une continuité entre le sanitaire, le médico-social et le social. Pour dépasser les obstacles rencontrés, la créativité s’avère indispensable. Elle permet une continuelle ouverture sur le monde. Ainsi se dessine la mise en œuvre effective d’une psychiatrie citoyenne sans méconnaître la fragilité des personnes.