bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential gene expression in nasal airway epithelium from overweight or obese youth with asthma
Authors: Xu Zhongli , Forno Erick , Acosta‐Pérez Edna , Han Yueh‐Ying , Rosser Franziska , Manni Michelle L. , Canino Glorisa , Chen Wei , Celedón Juan C.
Published: April 2022

Background

The mechanisms underlying the known link between overweight/obesity and childhood asthma are unclear. We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with obesity‐related asthma through a transcriptomic analysis of nasal airway epithelium.

Methods

We compared the whole transcriptome in nasal airway epithelium of youth with overweight or obesity and asthma with that of youth of normal weight and asthma, using RNA sequencing data from a cohort of 235 Puerto Ricans aged 9–20 years (EVA‐PR) and an independent cohort of 66 children aged 6–16 years in Pittsburgh (VDKA). Differential expression analysis adjusting for age, sex, sequencing plate number, and sample sorting protocol, and the first five principal components were performed independently in each cohort. Results from the two cohorts were combined in a transcriptome‐wide meta‐analysis. Gene enrichment and network analyses were performed on top genes.

Results

In the meta‐analysis, 29 genes were associated with obesity‐related asthma at an FDR‐adjusted p <.05, including pro‐inflammatory genes known to be differentially expressed in adipose tissue of obese subjects (e.g., CXCL11, CXCL10, and CXCL9) and several novel genes. Functional enrichment analyses showed that pathways for interferon signaling, and innate and adaptive immune responses were down‐regulated in overweight/obese youth with asthma, while pathways related to ciliary structure or function were up‐regulated. Upstream regulatory analysis predicted significant inhibition of the IRF7 pathway. Network analyses identified “hub” genes like GBP5 and SOCS1.

Conclusion

Our transcriptome‐wide analysis of nasal airway epithelium identified biologically plausible genes and pathways for obesity‐related asthma in youth.
Validation of molecular markers linked to Fusarium wilt resistance (Foc 1) in recombinant inbred lines of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: Lal Dalpat , Ravikumar Rampura Lakshmipathi , Jingade Pavankumar , Subramanya Sunil
Published: April 2022

Molecular markers closely linked to Fusarium wilt (FW) resistance in chickpea were identified from earlier studies to validate them in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from JG62 (FW susceptible) and WR315 (FW resistant). The RILs were phenotyped for Foc race 1 over two seasons in a wilt sick field condition and wilt sick pots under greenhouse conditions. A total of 42 markers linked to FW resistance in chickpea were selected from earlier reports for validation. Out of 42 markers, 23 markers were polymorphic among parental lines, and hence, these markers were used for genotyping the mapping population. The genotyping data together with phenotyping data have identified 12 markers linked to wilt resistance by single‐marker analysis. The markers TA96, CS27, TA110 and TA59 were found consistently linked to FW resistance in this and previous studies. The composite interval mapping has identified two major resistance loci for Foc 1 LG1 (H4G11, CaM1402) and LG2 (H3A12, CS27) explaining 12.37%–76.76% of phenotypic variance. These validated markers will be useful in chickpea breeding.
MLKs kinases phosphorylate the ESCRT component FREE1 to suppress abscisic acid sensitivity of seedling establishment
Authors: Li Hongbo , Wei Juan , Liao Yanglan , Cheng Xiaoling , Yang Shuhong , Zhuang Xiaohong , Zhang Zhonghui , Shen Wenjin , Gao Caiji
Published: April 2022

The FYVE domain protein required for endosomal sorting 1 (FREE1), which was previously identified as a plant‐specific component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery, plays an essential role in endosomal trafficking. Moreover, FREE1 also functions as an important negative regulator in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling. Multiple phosphorylations and ubiquitination sites have been identified in FREE1, hence unveiling the factors involved in posttranslational regulation of FREE1 is critical for comprehensively understanding FREE1‐related regulatory networks during plant growth. Here, we demonstrate that plant‐specific casein kinase I members MUT9‐like kinases 1–4 (MLKs 1–4)/Arabidopsis EL1‐like 1–4 interact with and phosphorylate FREE1 at serine residue S582, thereby modulating the nuclear accumulation of FREE1. Consequently, mutation of S582 to non‐phosphorylable residue results in reduced nuclear localization of FREE1 and enhanced ABA response. In addition, mlk123 and mlk134 triple mutants accumulate less FREE1 in the nucleus and display hypersensitive responses to ABA treatment, whereas overexpression of the nuclear‐localized FREE1 can restore the ABA sensitivity of seedling establishment in mlks triple mutants. Collectively, our study demonstrates a previously unidentified function of MLKs in attenuating ABA signalling in the nucleus by regulating the phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of FREE1.
Consideration of possible effects of vitamin D on established cancer, with reference to malignant melanoma
Authors: Hutchinson Peter E. , Pringle James H.
Published: April 2022

Epidemiological studies indicate that Vitamin D has a beneficial, inhibitory effect on cancer development and subsequent progression, including melanoma (MM), and favourable MM outcome has been reported as directly related to vitamin D3 status, assessed by serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) levels taken at diagnosis. It has been recommended that MM patients with deficient levels of 25(OH)D3 be given vitamin D3. We examine possible beneficial or detrimental effects of treating established cancer with vitamin D3. We consider the likely biological determinants of cancer outcome, the reported effects of vitamin D3 on these in both cancerous and non‐cancerous settings, and how the effect of vitamin D3 might change depending on the integrity of tumour vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling. We would argue that the effect of defective tumour VDR signalling could result in loss of suppression of growth, reduction of anti‐tumour immunity, with potential antagonism of the elimination phase and enhancement of the escape phase of tumour immunoediting, possibly increased angiogenesis but continued suppression of inflammation. In animal models, having defective VDR signalling, vitamin D3 administration decreased survival and increased metastases. Comparable studies in man are lacking but in advanced disease, a likely marker of defective VDR signalling, studies have shown modest or no improvement in outcome with some evidence of worsening. Work is needed in assessing the integrity of tumour VDR signalling and the safety of vitamin D3 supplementation when defective.
Leader–follower equilibria to examine investment decisions in grid resilience‐enhancing measures
Authors: Lo Prete Chiara , Radhakrishnan Ashish
Published: April 2022

Large‐area, long‐duration power outages are increasingly common in the United States, and cost the economy billions of dollars each year. Building a strategy to enhance grid resilience requires an understanding of the optimal mix of preventive and corrective actions, the inefficiencies that arise when self‐interested parties make resilience investment decisions, and the conditions under which regulators may facilitate the realization of efficient market outcomes. We develop a bi‐level model to examine the mix of preventive and corrective measures that enhances grid resilience to a severe storm. The model represents a Stackelberg game between a regulated utility (leader) that may harden distribution feeders before a long‐duration outage and/or deploy restoration crews after the disruption, and utility customers with varying preferences for reliable power (followers) who may invest in backup generators. We show that the regulator's denial of cost recovery for the utility's preventive expenditures, coupled with the misalignment between private objectives and social welfare maximization, yields significant inefficiencies in the resilience investment mix. Allowing cost recovery for a higher share of the utility's capital expenditures in preventive measures, extending the time horizon associated with damage cost recovery, and adopting a storm restoration compensation mechanism shift the realized market outcome toward the efficient solution. If about one‐fifth of preventive resilience investments is approved by regulators, requiring utilities to pay a compensation of $365 per customer for a 3‐day outage (about seven times the level of compensation currently offered by US utilities) provides significant incentives toward more efficient preventive resilience investments.
Ordinal Variables and the Measurement of Upward and Downward Intergenerational Educational Mobility in European Countries
Authors: Apouey Bénédicte , Nissanov Zoya , Silber Jacques
Published: April 2022

This article proposes a new approach to the measurement of intergenerational mobility in education. Borrowing the concept of inequality‐sensitive and additive achievement measure axiomatically developed by Apouey et al., we derive new indices of upward, downward, and total mobility, using a “movement approach.” It turns out that the Prais‐Bibby and Bartholomew mobility indices are particular cases of the mobility indices we introduce. We then present an empirical illustration based on the 2016 European Social Survey. Particular attention is given to within country differences between fathers to children and mothers to children educational mobility. When comparing two countries, we also make a distinction between gross and net mobility, the latter referring to the case where country differences in the educational structure of parents and children are neutralized.
Exploring British Accents: Modelling the Trap–Bath Split with Functional Data Analysis
Authors: Koshy Aranya , Tavakoli Shahin
Published: April 2022

The sound of our speech is influenced by the places we come from. Great Britain contains a wide variety of distinctive accents which are of interest to linguistics. In particular, the ‘a’ vowel in words like ‘class’ is pronounced differently in the North and the South. Speech recordings of this vowel can be represented as formant curves or as mel-frequency cepstral coefficient curves. Functional data analysis and generalised additive models offer techniques to model the variation in these curves. Our first aim was to model the difference between typical Northern and Southern vowels /æ/ and /ɑ/, by training two classifiers on the North-South Class Vowels dataset collected for this paper. Our second aim is to visualise geographical variation of accents in Great Britain. For this we use speech recordings from a second dataset, the British National Corpus (BNC) audio edition. The trained models are used to predict the accent of speakers in the BNC, and then we model the geographical patterns in these predictions using a soap film smoother. This work demonstrates a flexible and interpretable approach to modelling phonetic accent variation in speech recordings.
Family functioning and emotion socialization in Chinese two‐parent households: A person‐centered approach
Authors: Zhu Danhua , Dunsmore Julie C.
Published: April 2022

The current study adopted cluster analysis as a person‐centered approach to identify patterns of Chinese families’ functioning and parents’ emotion socialization responses and investigate their associations with children's emotion regulation and behavioral outcomes. Both parents residing in the same family were included to explore joint contributions of mothers and fathers within the family system. Participants were 204 Chinese two‐parent (mother and father) households of 5‐ to 10‐year‐old children (Mage = 7.43 years, SD = .81; 98 girls). Both parents filled out online questionnaires about their perceptions of family functioning (cohesion, adaptability) and endorsement of responses to children's negative emotions (supportive, nonsupportive). Mothers also reported children's lability/negativity, emotion regulation, problematic behaviors (internalizing, externalizing) and prosocial behaviors. Five clusters were identified: poor‐functioning/dismissing, well‐functioning/coaching, engaged fathers, engaged mothers, and balanced/diffuse. Overall, poor‐functioning/dismissing families had children with the lowest functioning and well‐functioning/coaching families had children with the most optimal outcomes. The other three clusters were moderate in terms of child functioning with children of engaged fathers having less optimal outcomes than the other two. The nuanced variations among clusters and meaning of results are discussed in relation to Chinese cultural contexts. Findings support the utility of a person‐centered approach for illuminating how parents’ socialization practices interconnect holistically within dynamic family systems.
Assembling antimicrobial resistance governance in UK animal agriculture
Authors: Helliwell Richard , Morris Carol , Jones Stephen
Published: April 2022

The desire to govern antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal agriculture has gained renewed prominence in the UK and international policy and practice in response to growing concern about the impact of AMR infections on human and animal health. This article adopts a more‐than‐human approach inspired by assemblage and biopolitical thinking to explorehowdiverse actors work to assemble a regime of governance in animal agriculture through their efforts to tackle AMR. How agricultural animals are represented and positioned in this process, and the consequences of these efforts for broader agricultural animal–human relation in UK animal agriculture is also a concern. Qualitative, empirical material is produced from documents published by government, industry organisations, NGOs and retailers. We highlight the negotiated contingencies of actions on AMR in UK animal agriculture and reflect on the limited extent to which they constitute a new front in the regulation of agricultural animals.
Threshold estimation for continuous three‐phase polynomial regression models with constant mean in the middle regime
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hao , Wong Kam‐Fai , Lim Wei‐Yee
Published: April 2022

This paper considers a continuous three‐phase polynomial regression model with two threshold points for dependent data with heteroscedasticity. We assume the model is polynomial of order zero in the middle regime, and is polynomial of higher orders elsewhere. We denote this model by , which includes models with one or no threshold points, denoted by and , respectively, as special cases. We provide an ordered iterative least squares (OiLS) method when estimating and establish the consistency of the OiLS estimators under mild conditions. When the underlying model is and is th‐order differentiable but not th‐order differentiable at the threshold point, we further show the convergence rate of the OiLS estimators, which can be faster than the convergence rate given in Feder when . We also apply a model‐selection procedure for selecting ; . When the underlying model exists, we establish the selection consistency under the aforementioned conditions. Finally, we conduct simulation experiments to demonstrate the finite‐sample performance of our asymptotic results.
Revisiting the Schrage Equation for Kinetically Limited Evaporation and Condensation
Authors: Vaartstra Geoffrey , Lu Zhengmao , Lienhard John H. , Wang Evelyn N.
Published: April 2022

The Schrage equation is commonly used in thermofluid engineering to model high-rate liquid–vapor phase change of pure fluids. Although shortcomings of this simple model were pointed out decades ago and more rigorous models have emerged from the kinetic theory community, Schrage's equation continues to be widely used. In this paper, we quantify the accuracy of the Schrage equation for evaporation and condensation of monatomic and polyatomic fluids at the low to moderately high flux operating conditions relevant to thermofluid engineering applications. As a high-accuracy reference, we numerically solve a Bhatnagar, Gross, and Krook (BGK)-like a model equation for polyatomic vapors that have previously been shown to produce accurate solutions to the Boltzmann transport equation. We observe that the Schrage equation overpredicts heat/mass fluxes by ∼15% for fluids with accommodation coefficients close to unity. For fluids with smaller accommodation coefficients, such as water, the Schrage equation yields more accurate flux estimates. We find that the Mott-Smith-like moment methods developed for liquid–vapor phase change are much more accurate than the Schrage equation, achieving heat/mass flux estimates that deviate by less than 1% (evaporation) and 4% (condensation) from the reference solution. In light of these results, we recommend using the moment method equations instead of the Schrage equation. We also provide tables with our high-accuracy numerical data for evaporation of any fluid and condensation of saturated water vapor, engineering equations fit our data, and code for moment method calculations of evaporation and condensation.
Transient Flow and Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Rectangular Channel Considering Thermal–Fluid–Structure Interaction
Authors: Li Yong , Xie Gongnan , Fu Jiahong , Zhang Bolun , Sunden Bengt
Published: April 2022

For the supercritical n-decane horizontally flowing in a rectangular channel of an active regenerative cooling system, a transient thermal–fluid–structure coupling method is employed to investigate the unsteady thermal-hydraulic characteristics and the wall deformation at a starting stage. The temperature distributions of the fluid domain and solid domain along the flow direction are investigated at fixed times as well as at a certain cross section. Streamlines in cross sections are employed to explain the temperature distribution. The velocity and pressure at a fixed point versus time are also given. Besides, the solid deformation is presented according to the uneven pressure distribution and temperature distribution. It is found that the response time is less than 30 s when the heat flux is less than 3.0 MW/m2. A larger heat flux contributes to promoting the steady state. The high-temperature part of the solid domain is close to the heated wall, but the situation is reversed for the fluid domain. This is because a bunch of dead-zone vortices appears in the vicinity of the upper wall of the channel. The maximum deformation is 0.132 mm for the condition of heat flux 3.0 MW/m2 and it is exacerbated by the uneven temperature and pressure distributions on the solid domain.
Simple apparatus for demonstrating factors that influence lift and drag
Authors: Šlégrová Leontýna , Šlégr Jan
Published: April 2022

Although the inaccurate explanation of lift based solely on the Bernoulli equation can still be found in textbooks, there are many places where interested readers can gain a correct understanding. However, it is complex and involves several physical phenomena. In this paper, we describe a simple device that can be used in teaching to support the understanding of the correct mechanism of the generation of lift either during lecture demonstrations or in undergraduate laboratory measurements.
A note on Newton's shell-point equivalency theorem
Authors: Reed B. Cameron
Published: April 2022

An isotropic sphere or shell of matter can be regarded as acting as a point mass at its center so far as its gravitational force on an external test mass is concerned. This is well-known, but what is often not appreciated is that this behavior also holds for a central potential of the harmonic form V(r) ∼ r2. This paper proves this assertion and shows that only the gravitational and harmonic potentials possess this property.
Mathematical characterization of dose uncertainty effects on functions summarizing findings of community noise attitudinal surveys
Authors: Horonjeff Richard D.
Published: April 2022

Previous Monte Carlo simulations have quantified the extent to which dose (sound level) uncertainty in community noise dose–response surveys can bias the shape of inferred dose–response functions. The present work extends the prior findings to create a mathematical model of the biasing effect. The exact effect on any particular data set depends on additional attributes (situational variables) beyond dose uncertainty itself. Several variables and their interaction effects are accounted for in the model. The model produced identical results to the prior Monte Carlo simulations and thereby demonstrated the same slope reduction effect. This model was further exercised to demonstrate the nature and extent of situational variable interaction effects related to the range of doses employed and their distribution across the range. One manifestation was a false asymptotic behavior in the observed dose–response relationship. The mathematical model provides a means to not only predict dose uncertainty effects but also to serve as a foundation for correcting for such effects in regression analyses of transportation noise dose–response relationships.
Modern human incursion into Neanderthal territories 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France
Authors: Slimak Ludovic , Zanolli Clément , Higham Tom , Frouin Marine , Schwenninger Jean-Luc , Arnold Lee J. , Demuro Martina , Douka Katerina , Mercier Norbert , Guérin Gilles , Valladas Hélène , Yvorra Pascale , Giraud Yves , Seguin-Orlando Andaine , Orlando Ludovic , Lewis Jason E. , Muth Xavier , Camus Hubert , Vandevelde Ségolène , Buckley Mike , Mallol Carolina , Stringer Chris , Metz Laure
Published: April 2022

Determining the extent of overlap between modern humans and other hominins in Eurasia, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, is fundamental to understanding the nature of their interactions and what led to the disappearance of archaic hominins. Apart from a possible sporadic pulse recorded in Greece during the Middle Pleistocene, the first settlements of modern humans in Europe have been constrained to ~45,000 to 43,000 years ago. Here, we report hominin fossils from Grotte Mandrin in France that reveal the earliest known presence of modern humans in Europe between 56,800 and 51,700 years ago. This early modern human incursion in the Rhône Valley is associated with technologies unknown in any industry of that age outside Africa or the Levant. Mandrin documents the first alternating occupation of Neanderthals and modern humans, with a modern human fossil and associated Neronian lithic industry found stratigraphically between layers containing Neanderthal remains associated with Mousterian industries.
Optical absorption of interlayer excitons in transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
Authors: Barré Elyse , Karni Ouri , Liu Erfu , O’Beirne Aidan L. , Chen Xueqi , Ribeiro Henrique B. , Yu Leo , Kim Bumho , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Barmak Katayun , Lui Chun Hung , Refaely-Abramson Sivan , da Jornada Felipe H. , Heinz Tony F.
Published: April 2022

Interlayer excitons, electron-hole pairs bound across two monolayer van der Waals semiconductors, offer promising electrical tunability and localizability. Because such excitons display weak electron-hole overlap, most studies have examined only the lowest-energy excitons through photoluminescence. We directly measured the dielectric response of interlayer excitons, which we accessed using their static electric dipole moment. We thereby determined an intrinsic radiative lifetime of 0.40 nanoseconds for the lowest direct-gap interlayer exciton in a tungsten diselenide/molybdenum diselenide heterostructure. We found that differences in electric field and twist angle induced trends in exciton transition strengths and energies, which could be related to wave function overlap, moiré confinement, and atomic reconstruction. Through comparison with photoluminescence spectra, this study identifies a momentum-indirect emission mechanism. Characterization of the absorption is key for applications relying on light-matter interactions.
Organometallic-functionalized interfaces for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Zhen , Li Bo , Wu Xin , Sheppard Stephanie A. , Zhang Shoufeng , Gao Danpeng , Long Nicholas J. , Zhu Zonglong
Published: April 2022

Further enhancing the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is crucial for their commercialization. We report that the functionalization of multication and halide perovskite interfaces with an organometallic compound, ferrocenyl-bis-thiophene-2-carboxylate (FcTc
2
), simultaneously enhanced the efficiency and stability of inverted PSCs. The resultant devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 25.0% and maintained >98% of their initial efficiency after continuously operating at the maximum power point for 1500 hours under simulated AM1.5 illumination. Moreover, the FcTc
2
-functionalized devices passed the international standards for mature photovoltaics (IEC61215:2016) and have exhibited high stability under the damp heat test (85°C and 85% relative humidity).
A fresh look at somatic mutations in cancer
Authors: Szüts Dávid
Published: April 2022

Analysis of cancer genome sequences reveals new mutational signatures
SARS-CoV-2 epitope–specific CD4
+
memory T cell responses across COVID-19 disease severity and antibody durability
Authors: Nelson Ryan W. , Chen Yuezhou , Venezia Olivia L. , Majerus Richard M. , Shin Daniel S. ,   MGH COVID-19 Collection & Processing Team, Carrington Mary N. , Yu Xu G. , Wesemann Duane R. , Moon James J. , Luster Andrew D.
Published: April 2022

CD4
+
T cells are central to long-term immunity against viruses through the functions of T helper 1 (T
H
1) and T follicular helper (T
FH
) cell subsets. To better understand the role of these subsets in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunity, we conducted a longitudinal study of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–specific CD4
+
T cell and antibody responses in convalescent individuals who seroconverted during the first wave of the pandemic in Boston, MA, USA, across a range of COVID-19 disease severities. Analyses of spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) epitope–specific CD4
+
T cells using peptide and major histocompatibility complex class II (pMHCII) tetramers demonstrated expanded populations of T cells recognizing the different SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in most individuals compared with prepandemic controls. Individuals who experienced a milder disease course not requiring hospitalization had a greater percentage of circulating T
FH
(cT
FH
) and T
H
1 cells among SARS-CoV-2–specific cells. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2–specific CD4
+
T cells responses in a subset of individuals with sustained anti-S antibody responses after viral clearance also revealed an increased proportion of memory cT
FH
cells. Our findings indicate that efficient early disease control also predicts favorable long-term adaptive immunity.
The Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Activity of Lysozyme Reduces Viable
Enterococcus faecalis
Cells in Biofilms
Authors: Rouchon Candace N. , Harris Joann , Zubair-Nizami Zahra , Weinstein Arielle J. , Roky Mohammad , Frank Kristi L.
Published: April 2022

Enterococcus faecalis
, a leading cause of health care-associated infections, forms biofilms and is resistant to many antimicrobial agents. Planktonic-phase
E. faecalis
is resistant to high concentrations of the enzyme lysozyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of
N
-acetylmuramic acid and
N
-acetylglucosamine linkages in peptidoglycan and is also a cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAMP).
E. faecalis
lysozyme resistance in planktonic cells is stimulated upon activation of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor SigV via cleavage of the anti-sigma factor RsiV by the transmembrane protease Eep.
Interbacterial Antagonism Mediated by a Released Polysaccharide
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Gloag Erin S. , Hill Preston J. , Parsek Matthew R. , Wozniak Daniel J.
Published: April 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Staphylococcus aureus
are two important opportunistic human pathogens commonly coisolated from clinical samples. However,
P. aeruginosa
can utilize various mechanisms to antagonize
S. aureus
in vitro
.
Emerging of H5N6 Subtype Influenza Virus with 129-Glycosylation Site on Hemagglutinin in Poultry in China Acquires Immune Pressure Adaption
Authors: Xu Nuo , Wu Yuwei , Chen Yulian , Li Yue , Yin Yuncong , Chen Sujuan , Wu Huiguang , Qin Tao , Peng Daxin , Liu Xiufan
Published: April 2022

H5N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were first reported in 2013 and have spread throughout many countries. In China, compulsory vaccine inoculation has been adopted to control H5 subtype avian influenza.
Supplemental Material: U-Pb dating reveals multiple Paleoproterozoic orogenic events (Hamersley orogenic cycle) along the southern Pilbara margin (Australia) spanning the onset of atmospheric oxygenation
Authors: Rasmussen Birger , al. et
Published: April 2022

Analytical procedures and results, Figures S1–S3, and Tables S1–S5. 
Supplemental Material: A one-million-year isotope record from siderites formed in modern ferruginous sediments
Authors: Vuillemin Aurèle , et al.
Published: April 2022

Supplemental Figures S1–S9 and Supplemental Tables S1–S5 
Competition of chiral soliton lattice and Abrikosov vortex lattice in QCD with isospin chemical potential
Authors: Grønli Martin Spillum , Brauner Tomáš
Published: April 2022

We investigate the thermodynamics of two-flavor quark matter in presence of nonzero isospin chemical potential and external magnetic field. It is known that at sufficiently high isospin chemical potential, charged pions undergo Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC). The condensate behaves as a superconductor, exhibiting Meissner effect in weak external magnetic fields. Stronger fields stress the superconducting state, turning it first into an Abrikosov lattice of vortices, and eventually destroying the condensate altogether. On the other hand, for sufficiently strong magnetic fields and low-to-moderate isospin chemical potential, the ground state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is expected to be a spatially modulated condensate of neutral pions, induced by the chiral anomaly: the chiral soliton lattice (CSL). We map the phase diagram of QCD as a function of isospin chemical potential and magnetic field in the part of the parameter space accessible to a low-energy effective field theory description of QCD. Our main result is an explicit account of the competition between the CSL and the Abrikosov vortex lattice. This is accomplished by adopting a fast numerical algorithm for finding the vortex lattice solution of the equation of motion and the corresponding Gibbs energy. We find that the Abrikosov vortex lattice phase persists in the phase diagram, separating the uniform charged pion BEC phase from the CSL phase. The precise layout of the phase diagram depends sensitively on the choice of the vacuum pion mass.
Proximity-Distance Mapping and Jaya Optimization Algorithm Based on Localization for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Peng Duo , Gao Yuwei
Published: April 2022

Aiming at the problem of large location errors of traditional ranging-free algorithms in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), a novel node location algorithm based on proximity-distance mapping (PDM) and Jaya optimization was proposed. In this algorithm, proximity and Euclidean distance are extracted from the relationship of anchor nodes to construct a mapping matrix by using the idea of PDM. It is calculated by using the mapping matrix that the estimated distance from the unknown node to the anchor node can be used for the subsequent calculations. After the estimated distance is obtained, the Jaya optimization algorithm is imported to calculate the location of the unknown one. To accelerate the convergence and enhance the accuracy of the algorithm, the idea of a boundary box is used to limit the initial feasible region of unknown nodes. The experiment results show that the PDM–Jaya algorithm has better positioning accuracy than the original PDM in the same condition.
A bag model of matter condensed by the strong interaction
Authors: Miao Zhi-Qiang , Xia Cheng-Jun , Lai Xiao-Yu , Maruyama Toshiki , Xu Ren-Xin , Zhou En-Ping
Published: April 2022

Inspired by various astrophysical phenomenons, it is suggested that pulsar-like compact stars are comprised entirely of strangeons (quark-clusters with three-light-flavor symmetry) and a small amount of electrons. In order to better constrain the properties of strangeon stars, we propose a linked bag model to describe the condensed matter by the strong interaction (i.e., strong condensed matter) in both 2-flavored (nucleons) and 3-flavored (hyperons, strangeons, etc.) scenarios. The model parameters are calibrated to reproduce the saturation properties of nuclear matter, which are later applied to hyperon matter and strangeon matter. Compared with baryon matter, the derived energy per baryon of strangeon matter is reduced if the strangeon carries a large number of valence quarks, which stiffens the equation of state and consequently increases the maximum mass of strangeon stars. In a large parameter space, the maximum mass and tidal deformability of strangeon stars predicted by the linked bag model are consistent with the current astrophysical constraints. It is found that the maximum mass of strangeon stars can be as large as [Formula: see text], while the tidal deformability of a [Formula: see text] strangeon star lies in the range of [Formula: see text].
Sequel to “stationary optical solitons with Kudryashov’s laws of refractive index” (generalized temporal evolution)
Authors: Biswas Anjan , Sonmezoglu Abdullah , Ekici Mehmet
Published: April 2022

This work is a sequel to the previously reported results on stationary optical solitons with several forms of Kudryashov’s law of self-phase modulation. The study is conducted with generalized temporal evolution by the aid of extended trial function approach. The solutions that naturally emerged from this scheme are in terms of Jacobi’s elliptic function which finally led to stationary solitons with the modulus of ellipticity approaching its appropriate limit.
Development of Moving Force Identification for Simply Supported Bridges: A Comprehensive Review and Comparison
Authors: Zhou Hai-Chao , Li Hong-Nan , Yang Dong-Hui , Yi Ting-Hua
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a comprehensive review of moving force identification on simply supported bridges. When a vehicle moves on a bridge deck, there is a dynamic interaction force between the vehicle and the bridge deck. This dynamic interaction force is crucial for the design and condition assessment of bridges. However, this interaction force cannot be directly measured. Therefore, the indirect measurement method based on the bridge response, namely, the moving force identification method, has become an important issue in evaluating bridge condition. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research and development activities in bridge moving force identification. First, the development and application of moving force identification are introduced. Next, the theoretical methods of bridge moving force identification are presented. Then, the robustness and accuracy of moving time-varying force identification methods are numerically simulated and compared. Finally, the characteristics of these methods are summarized, which provides a basis for selecting the suitable identification methods under different conditions and prospects of the further development of moving force identification.
Study on the Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of Spherical Rubber Isolators by Experiments and Simulations Based on Harmonic Balance Method
Authors: Li Hao , Yang Chengliang , Wang Shaoxin , Su Ping , Zhu Youqiang , Zhang Xingyun , Peng Zenghui , Mu Quanquan
Published: April 2022

This study aims to elucidate the nonlinear characteristics (dynamic stiffness and damping) of a thin-walled hallowed spherical rubber isolator subjected to harmonic excitations using harmonic balance method (HBM). Firstly, harmonic excitation experiments with different loads and different acceleration levels were carried out to test the softening effect of the spherical rubber isolator. The dependence of the dynamic stiffness and damping of the spherical rubber isolator on the displacement amplitude was established. Secondly, the [Formula: see text]th harmonic of the experimental time signal was extracted, and the nonlinear contribution of the second and third harmonics to the experimental results was verified. Finally, the simulations were performed and the results were in line with the experimental results. Our study identifies that the nonlinear model is feasible to predict the vibration characteristic of the thin-walled hallowed spherical rubber isolation systems.
Structural Damage Recognition Based on Filtered Feature Selection and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Jin Zihan , Teng Shuai , Zhang Jiqiao , Chen Gongfa , Cui Fangsen
Published: April 2022

This study proposes a structural damage recognition method based on the filtered feature selection (FFS) and the convolutional neural network (CNN). The FFS usually provides a better sample feature input for a CNN, avoiding the problem that the CNN is prone to over-fitting for the data containing a large amount of invalid feature information. To demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method, a steel frame structure is investigated. The acceleration signals under three different measures (Chi-square test, F test and Mutual information method) of the FFS are studied, along with their influence on the CNN recognition accuracy, network training time and feature dimension. Studies have shown that the Chi-square test has the best effect over the other two measures in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The results of numerical simulations and vibration experiments show that the method has achieved good results in terms of recognition accuracy and training time, and it can significantly reduce the feature dimension while ensuring the accuracy of the CNN recognition.
Identification of Independent Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality in Brazil by a Functional QR Decomposition
Authors: Lucero Jorge C.
Published: April 2022

The subset selection problem of linear algebra is applied to identify independent patterns of COVID-19 evolution within Brazil. The data consist of a set of mortality curves in states of Brazil. A subset of the most independent curves is selected by using a functional version of the QR matrix decomposition technique with column pivoting. The selected subset is used next as a basis to represent the remaining curves filtering out any data redundancy. For each independent curve, an associated epidemiological region of influence is defined. The results show two main independent curves with a similar two-peak pattern and a 50-day shift between the patterns. Two main epidemiological regions are next identified: one encompassing most of the country from the center and northeast states to the south, an another one containing the Amazonian region at the northwest.
Ten Questions About Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) Surgery
Authors: LALONDE Donald H.
Published: April 2022

The aim of this review article is to provide many important tips and tricks for surgeons to start Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) hand surgery in their practice. The massive cost reduction of this disruptive new approach will enable them to increase access to hand surgery for their patients who cannot afford unnecessary sedation or unnecessary sterility of the expensive main operating room environment. Evidence-based sterility will permit surgeons to move a lot of their surgery out of the main operating room to minor procedure rooms without a significant increase in infection rates. Important pointers on how to inject minimally painful local anaesthesia will have patients thinking the surgeon injector is a bit of a magician. WALANT enables surgeons to improve the outcomes of many hand surgery procedures.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
A Preliminary Report on Augmented Reality Assisted Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: LIAWRUNGRUEANG Wongthawat , TANGADULRAT Pasin , HAYITAHE Sofian , WONGSIRI Sunton
Published: April 2022

Augmented reality (AR) refers to the use of technology to enhance a real-world environment by computer generated visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and/or olfactory stimuli. We developed an augmented reality-assisted surgery (ARAS) for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). It generates a virtual image of the operative field that the surgeon can view. This enhances the operative experience. We report the use of ARAS in performing limited open carpal tunnel release.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
The Ouarzazate Supergroup and its plutonic keel: the relicts of an Ediacaran silicic large igneous province in North Africa
Authors: Schulte B. , Boger S. D. , Benziane F. , Yazidi A. , Fanning C. M.
Published: April 2022

Ouarzazate igneous rocks from Sidi Ifni, SW Morocco, define a >3 km thick pile of mostly pyroclastic falls and flows of rhyolitic and dacitic ignimbrite and tuff, underlain by co-magmatic granitoid plutons. These rocks formed during two closely spaced periods of magmatism dated to
c.
595–585 and 575–560 Ma, with the majority of rocks comprised of ferroan alkali feldspar rhyolite, syenorhyolite or monzorhyolite. They can be divided into high and low heavy rare earth element types that discriminate as both volcanic arc and within-plate magma types. Coeval, but less common, mafic rocks consist of olivine-normative trachybasalt and basaltic trachyandesite. Temporal and compositional equivalents of the Ouarzazate volcanic and intrusive rocks crop out widely across North Africa and extend into the previously contiguous regions of NE North America. Collectively, these erupted/shallowly emplaced Ouarzazate-like rocks represent asthenospheric partial melts that are variably hybridized by additions from the lithospheric mantle and crust. The root cause of asthenospheric upwelling remains unknown, although the foundering of pre-collison subducted oceanic lithosphere may provide a plausible explanation. The vast geographical extent over which Ouarzazate-like igneous rocks are found, together with their composition and intra-plate setting, support the conclusion that these rocks represent the remnants of a late Ediacaran silicic large igneous province.

Supplementary material:
A tabulation of the geochronologic and geochemical datasets from Sidi Ifni is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5945756
Users Meet Clarifying Questions: Toward a Better Understanding of User Interactions for Search Clarification
Authors: Zou Jie , Aliannejadi Mohammad , Kanoulas Evangelos , Pera Maria Soledad , Liu Yiqun
Published: April 2022

The use of clarifying questions (CQs) is a fairly new and useful technique to aid systems in recognizing the intent, context, and preferences behind user queries. Yet, understanding the extent of the effect of CQs on user behavior and the ability to identify relevant information remains relatively unexplored. In this work, we conduct a large user study to understand the interaction of users with CQs in various quality categories, and the effect of CQ quality on user search performance in terms of finding relevant information, search behavior, and user satisfaction. Analysis of implicit interaction data and explicit user feedback demonstrates that high-quality CQs improve user performance and satisfaction. By contrast, low- and mid-quality CQs are harmful, and thus allowing the users to complete their tasks without CQ support may be preferred in this case. We also observe that user engagement, and therefore the need for CQ support, is affected by several factors, such as search result quality or perceived task difficulty. The findings of this study can help researchers and system designers realize why, when, and how users interact with CQs, leading to a better understanding and design of search clarification systems.
Review—Orbital Physics: Glorious Past, Bright Future
Authors: Khomskii D. I.
Published: April 2022

Transition metal (TM) compounds present a very big class of materials with quite diverse properties. There are insulators, metals and systems with insulator–metal transitions among them; most magnetic systems are TM compounds; there are also (high-T

c
) superconductors among them. Their very rich properties are largely determined by the strong interplay of different degrees of freedom: charge; spin; orbital; lattice. Orbital effects play a very important role in these systems—and not only in them! The study of this field, initiated by Goodenough almost 70 years ago, turned out to be very fruitful and produced a lot of important results. In this short review I discuss the basics of orbital physics and summarize the main achievements in this big field, in which Goodenough played a pivotal role, and which are nowadays widely used to explain many properties of TM compounds. In the main part of the text I discuss novel developments and perspectives in orbital physics, which is still a very active field of research, constantly producing new surprises.
Detection and Blockchain-Based Collaborative Mitigation of Internet of Things Botnets
Authors: Sajjad Syed Muhammad , Mufti Muhammad Rafiq , Yousaf Muhammad , Aslam Waqar , Alshahrani Reem , Nemri Nadhem , Afzal Humaira , Khan Muhammad Asghar , Chen Chien-Ming
Published: April 2022

DDoS (distributed denial of service) attacks have drastically effected the functioning of Internet-based services in recent years. Following the release of the Mirai botnet source code on GitHub, the scope of these exploitations has grown. The attackers have been able to construct and launch variations of the Mirai botnet thanks to the open-sourcing of the Mirai code. These variants make the signature-based detection of these attacks challenging. Moreover, DDoS attacks are typically detected and mitigated reactively, making DDoS mitigation solutions very expensive. This paper presents a proactive IoT botnet detection system that detects the anomalies in the behavior of the IoT device and mitigates the DDoS botnet exploitation at the source end, which makes our proposal a low-cost solution. Further, this paper uses a collaborative trust relationship-based threat intelligence-sharing mechanism to prevent other IoT devices from being compromised by the detected botnet. The researchers have evaluated the collaborative threat intelligence sharing mechanism using Ethereum Virtual Machine and Hyperledger. The performance of our proposed system can detect 97% of the Mirai botnet attack activities. Furthermore, our collaborative threat intelligence sharing mechanism based on the Ethereum Virtual Machine showed more scalability.