bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: East James E. , Webster George J.
Published: August 2022

Endoscopy is the procedure of choice in patients with retrosternal or upper abdominal symptoms who require investigation, and is essential in significant gastrointestinal bleeding to identify and—in most cases—treat the cause, with various therapeutic methods possible for erosions, ulcers, and oesophageal varices. More recent developments in the practice of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy include the use of enteroscopy for direct vision of the small bowel, video capsule endoscopy for diagnosis of obscure bleeding lesions, and an expanding range of minimally invasive therapeutic techniques. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is the standard of care for the removal of gallstones from the common bile duct, and palliating obstructing pancreatobiliary tumours.
Cardiac arrest
Authors: Perkins Gavin D. , Soar Jasmeet , Nolan Jerry P. , Gabbott David A.
Published: August 2022

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest, which causes over 60% of adult coronary heart disease deaths. Most cardiac arrests are preventable. Survival depends on early recognition and prompt initiation of chest compressions and ventilations (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), and early defibrillation if appropriate. High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation is defined by compressions to a depth of 5–6 cm, at a rate of 100–120 per minute, full release of pressure between compressions and minimal interruptions to chest compression. Drugs have a limited role in treating cardiac arrest. If initial resuscitation is successful the quality of post-resuscitation care determines the patient’s final outcome. Use emergency care treatment plans to record in advance, recommendations for emergency treatments, including CPR.
Loading‐induced bone formation is mediated by Wnt1 induction in osteoblast‐lineage cells
Authors: Lawson Lisa Y. , Migotsky Nicole , Chermside‐Scabbo Christopher J. , Shuster John T. , Joeng Kyu Sang , Civitelli Roberto , Lee Brendan , Silva Matthew J.
Published: August 2022

Mechanical loading on the skeleton stimulates bone formation. Although the exact mechanism underlying this process remains unknown, a growing body of evidence indicates that the Wnt signaling pathway is necessary for the skeletal response to loading. Recently, we showed that Wnts produced by osteoblast lineage cells mediate the osteo‐anabolic response to tibial loading in adult mice. Here, we report that Wnt1 specifically plays a crucial role in mediating the mechano‐adaptive response to loading. Independent of loading, short‐term loss of Wnt1 in the Osx‐lineage resulted in a decreased cortical bone area in the tibias of 5‐month‐old mice. In females, strain‐matched loading enhanced periosteal bone formation in Wnt1F/F controls, but not in Wnt1F/F; OsxCreERT2 knockouts. In males, strain‐matched loading increased periosteal bone formation in both control and knockout mice; however, the periosteal relative bone formation rate was 65% lower in Wnt1 knockouts versus controls. Together, these findings show that Wnt1 supports adult bone homeostasis and mediates the bone anabolic response to mechanical loading.
Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Measurements With Goldmann Applanation Tonometry, Tonopen XL, and Pascal Dynamic Contour Tonometry in Patients With Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Yildiz Izlem , Altan Cigdem , Çakmak Semih , Genc Selim , Yildirim Yusuf , Agca Alper
Published: August 2022

Précis:

IOP measured with Tonopen and DCT was higher than GAT in eyes that underwent DMEK.

Purpose/Aim of the study:

To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements measured based on Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), Tonopen XL, and Pascal Dynamic Contour Tonometry (DCT) in patients who had undergone descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and to appraise the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT) on IOP measurements.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-four eyes (from 34 patients) who underwent DMEK at least 1 month before the study were included. We performed Tonopen XL, GAT, and DCT IOP measurements at 10 min intervals. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between GAT, Tonopen XL, and DCT. Spearman rank correlation was used to calculate the deviation from GAT readings by each device and correlate the readings with the CCT variable.

Results:

The mean IOP values with GAT, Tonopen XL, and DCT were 14.9±5.8, 16.2±5.5, and 19.2±5.0, respectively. Statistically significant differences between GAT and Tonopen XL and between GAT and DCT were noted (r=0.942 [0.885–0.971]; P=0.0001 and r=0.942 [0.885–0.971]; P=0.0001, respectively). DCT tended to return a higher IOP relative to GAT and Tonopen XL. CCT and IOP readings obtained by GAT, Tonopen XL, and DCT did not show a statistically significant correlation with each other.

Conclusion:

IOP as measured with both Tonopen and DCT was found to be higher than GAT in eyes that underwent DMEK surgery although the techniques showed a good correlation. After DMEK surgery, all 3 measurement techniques can be practical in routine postoperative examinations, however it is recommended to measure IOP with the same device during patient follow-up.
Short Nose Lengthening in Primary and Revision Rhinoplasty in Asians
Authors: Li Jie , Liang Xuebing , Yu Lu , Yang Xiaoning , Li Xin , Wang Chunhu , Ma Jiguang , Wang Keming
Published: August 2022

Background:

Surgical techniques and graft materials are important factors for short nose lengthening in both primary and revision rhinoplasty in Asian patients. Other subunit of the nose need to be improved as well to achieve aesthetic perfection.

Materials and Methods:

A cohort of 98 patients who underwent primary and revision rhinoplasty for moderate to severe short nose deformity from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, were enrolled. Nasal elongation was achieved via an open rhinoplasty approach using autologous costal cartilage exclusively for grafting. Aesthetic outcomes were evaluated by anthropometric measurement and satisfaction assessment from patients and physicians.

Results:

The mean duration of follow-up was 10.6 months. In both primary and revision cases, nasal length relative to preoperative measurements increased significantly, while nasal tip projection did not differ significantly. Columellar-facial angle and nasofrontal angle decreased significantly in both groups. Both physicians and patients reported improvement in aesthetic outcomes.

Conclusions:

Aesthetic satisfaction was reported from both patients and physicians. Autologous costal cartilage is an ideal graft material that offers strong structural support. Caudal septal extension graft using autologous costal cartilage sandwiched by extended spreader grafts achieve satisfactory lengthening of the central compartment and also increase nasal tip projection and rotation.
Targeting of the Mon1-Ccz1 Rab guanine nucleotide exchange factor to distinct organelles by a synergistic protein and lipid code
Authors: Herrmann Eric , Langemeyer Lars , Auffarth Kathrin , Ungermann Christian , Kümmel Daniel
Published: August 2022

Activation of the small GTPase Rab7 by its cognate guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Mon1-Ccz1 (MC1) is a key step in the maturation of endosomes and autophagosomes. This process is tightly regulated and subject to precise spatiotemporal control of MC1 localization. We here identify and characterize an amphipathic helix in Ccz1, which is required for the function of Mon-Ccz1 in autophagy, but not endosomal maturation. Furthermore, our data show that the interaction of the Ccz1 amphipathic helix with lipid packing defects, binding of Mon1 basic patches to positively charged lipids and association of MC1 with recruiter proteins collectively govern membrane recruitment of the complex in a synergistic and redundant manner. The data demonstrate that specific protein and lipid cues convey the differential targeting of MC1 to endosomes and autophagosomes. We reveal the molecular mechanism how MC1 is adapted to recognizes distinct target compartments by exploiting the unique biophysical properties of organelle membranes and thus provide a model how the complex is regulated and activated independently in different functional contexts.
Microevolutionary system identification and climate response predictions
Authors: Ergon Rolf
Published: August 2022

Microevolutionary system identification was introduced in Ergon (2022), with the specific purpose to show that predictions of genetic adaptations to climate change require that environmental reference values are properly defined. The theoretical development was then limited to single-input single-output (SISO) systems, and the simulations used a toy example with spring temperature as input and mean breeding date as output. Generations were assumed to be non-overlapping. Here, the theory is extended to cover multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, while the simulation example uses two environmental inputs (spring temperature and rainfall) and two adaptive phenotypic outputs (breeding date and breeding habitat). These extended simulations reveal difficulties involved in predictions of genetic adaptations for complex systems based on short data, where the reference environment values are not included.
Technical reporting in digital forensics
Authors: Horsman Graeme
Published: August 2022

One of the primary roles of a practitioner in the field of digital forensics (DF) is to conduct the examination of any lawfully seized digital device content and report upon any findings that may support an inquiry being conducted. While there are many intricacies to this task, in some cases, an inquiry will commence with a practitioner carrying out the necessary examination work required to report any findings at a “technical level.” Such technical reports are often used for intelligence gathering purposes in an attempt to establish the potential evidential value of a device or data set and are often a precursor to, and catalyst for, further and often more extensive forensic work being commissioned. Therefore, the ability to report at a technical level should be considered a fundamental skill required of all practitioners in this discipline and any attempts to provide guidance and support for conducting this task effectively should be encouraged. This work explores the role of technical reporting, where a series of reporting examples are presented that explore the intricacies involved with conveying digital forensic findings at a technical level. Procedural and linguistic challenges are investigated and evaluated in order to acknowledge the pitfalls that practitioners may encounter and to identify potential technical reporting best practices.
Tectonics of the Solomon Sea Basin from Vertical Gravity Gradient and Seismic Data
Authors: GONG Wei , XING Junhui , MENG Qingwei , XING Lei , XU Chong , ZHANG Hao
Published: August 2022

The Solomon Sea Basin is a Cenozoic back‐arc spreading basin within the convergence system of the Pacific and Indo‐Australian plates. Against the background of subduction polarity reversal, the current Solomon Sea Basin gradually formed a rhombic morphology with the subduction of the basin along the New Britain Trench and the Trobriand Trough. By analyzing the vertical gravity gradient, natural earthquake and seismic reflection data, this study determines the structural characteristics of the Solomon Sea Basin. It was found that the tectonics of the basin are characterized by the original expansion structure within the central part in addition to the structure induced by the latest subduction along the basin margin. The original spreading structure of the basin presented an east–west linear graben and horst controlled by normal faults during the basin expansion period. As a result of the subduction and slab‐pull of the Solomon Sea Basin, extensional structure belts parallel to the New Britain Trench formed along the basin margin.
6‐nitrodopamine is a major endogenous modulator of human vas deferens contractility
Authors: Britto‐Júnior José , da Silva‐Filho Walter Pinto , Amorim Amanda Consulin , Campos Rafael , Moraes Manoel Odorico , Moraes Maria Elisabete A. , Fregonesi Adriano , Monica Fabiola Z. , Antunes Edson , De Nucci Gilberto
Published: August 2022

Background

Rat isolated vas deferens releases 6‐nitrodopamine (6‐ND), and the spasmogenic activity of this novel catecholamine is significantly reduced by tricyclic compounds such as amitriptyline, desipramine, and carbamazepine and by antagonists of the α1‐adrenergic receptors such as doxazosin, tamsulosin, and prazosin.

Objectives

To investigate the liberation of 6‐ND by human epididymal vas deferens (HEVDs) and its pharmacological actions.

Methods

The in vitro liberation of 6‐ND, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline from human vas deferens was evaluated by LC‐MS/MS. The contractile effect of the catecholamines in HEVDs was investigated in vitro. The action of tricyclic antidepressants was evaluated on the spasmogenic activity ellicited by the catecholamines and by the electric‐field stimulation (EFS). The tissue was also incubated with the inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase L‐NAME and the release of catecholamines and the contractile response to EFS were assessed.

Results

6‐ND is the major catecholamine released from human vas deferens and its synthesis/release is inhibited by NO inhibition. The spasmogenic activity elicited by EFS in the human vas deferens was blocked by tricyclic antidepressants only at concentrations that selectively antagonize 6‐ND induced contractions of the human vas deferens, without affecting the spasmogenic activity induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline in this tissue. Incubation of the vas deferens with L‐NAME reduced both the 6‐ND release and the contractions induced by EFS.

Discussion and conclusion

6‐ND should be considered a major endogenous modulator of human vas deferens contractility and possibly plays a pivotal role in the emission process of ejaculation. It offers a novel and shared mechanism of action for tricyclic antidepressants and α1‐adrenergic receptor antagonists.
Wor(l)ds struggle against wor(l)ds: Public discourse around children's removal from families in Lithuania
Authors: Šumskienė Eglė , Charenkova Jūratė , Gvaldaitė Lijana , Seniutis Miroslavas , Gevorgianienė Violeta , Petružytė Donata , Žalimienė Laimutė
Published: August 2022

Objective

This article aims to identify the different truths perceived and experienced by the four main parties involved in the process of removing children from families. Furthermore, the article examines the potential implications of these individuals' “versions of the truth” on the public discourse.

Background

This article offers a unique lens for analyzing situations when children are removed from their homes by employing the principles of the sociology of knowledge and the concept of the Rashomon effect. This combination reveals the different truths, reasons, and motives of all parties involved in situations of removing children from their homes in Lithuania.

Method

Seventy‐one semistructured interviews were undertaken with the parties who have direct experience of the process of child removal from families: children, parents, child protection workers (CPWs), and the police.

Results

The interviews with parents reveal the unexpectedness and unfairness of the removal situation, and lack of institutional support in their efforts to recover the child. Similarly, for children the removal experience was traumatizing, resulting in losing trust in their parents and CPWs. However, in some cases they were glad to be taken away from the neglecting and violent environment. Child protection workers experience strong emotions and face ethical dilemmas during the removal. Nevertheless, they perceive themselves as life‐saving professionals who meet children's best interests.

Conclusions

The research revealed that all four involved parties have their own diverse and competing truths. These truths do not have equal chances to be told, listened to, or to shape the general discourse. They are limited by privacy, professionalism requirements, and feelings of shame and guilt.

Implications

The research results have implications for further research, practice, and policy. They offer a methodological approach, combining competing truths, which can guide the daily work of child protection workers. On the policy level, the results of this study might be helpful for professionals in other countries developing or reforming their child protection systems.

The ability to openly express one's truth can be seen as a crucial factor, serve as a means of parents' attempts to publicly prove one's suitability to care for children, or CPWs' professionalism in making appropriate decisions.
Change in long‐term care service usage in Japan following the COVID‐19 pandemic: A survey using a nationwide statistical summary in 2018–2021
Authors: Sato Kenichiro , Niimi Yoshiki , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Ishii Shinya
Published: August 2022

Aim

Social restrictions due to the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic forced many long‐term care (LTC) service‐users to refrain from using services. We aimed to evaluate the degree of change in the use of LTC services.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data from the publicly distributed nationwide statistics summarizing the monthly number of public LTC insurance users in Japan between April 2018 and March 2021. The degree of decline was quantified as a ratio, where the ratio of a certain month to the reference month was divided by the ratio in the previous year.

Results

The use of LTC services started to decline in March 2020 and reached its largest decline in May 2020. Thereafter, it recovered but insufficiently, even as of late 2020. The degree of decline was particularly large for services provided in facilities for community‐dwelling elderly individuals [Ratio to the previous year = 0.717 (95% CI: 0.645–0.796) in short‐stay services, and Ratio = 0.876 (95% CI: 0.802–0.957) in outpatient services], but was non‐significant in other types of services, including those provided for elderly individuals living in nursing homes.

Conclusions

Community‐dwelling elderly individuals who had used outpatient or short‐stay services were especially affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020. This underlines the need for further investigation of the medium‐ or long‐term influence of the decline in service usage on the mental and physical health of the LTC service‐users and their caregivers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 803–809.
Early Eocene fossil illuminates the ancestral (diurnal) ecomorphology of owls and documents a mosaic evolution of the strigiform body plan
Authors: Mayr Gerald , Kitchener Andrew C.
Published: August 2022

We describe a partial skeleton of a fossil owl (Strigiformes) from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton‐on‐the‐Naze (Essex, UK). The holotype ofYpresiglaux michaeldanielsi, gen. et sp. nov. is one of the most complete specimens of a Palaeogene owl and elucidates the poorly known ecomorphology of stem group Strigiformes. Whereas most of the postcranial bones show the characteristic strigiform morphology, the new species exhibits plesiomorphic features of the skull and cervical vertebrae that differ distinctly from extant owls. A well‐developed supraorbital process of the lacrimal bone suggests that the eyes were not as greatly enlarged and forward‐facing as in extant owls. A plesiomorphic quadrate morphology indicates differences in the otic region, and a proportionally longer axis suggests that the fossil species was not able to rotate its head to the degree found in crown group Strigiformes. Therefore, the fossil documents a mosaic evolution of the strigiform body plan, with owls developing raptorial adaptations before specializations of the visual and acoustic systems evolved. Because the latter relate to a crespuscular or nocturnal activity pattern, we hypothesize thatYpresiglauxwas diurnal. Nocturnality in owls may have evolved in response to the emergence of evolutionary opportunities, which enabled owls to exploit new ecological niches, or owls may have been driven into nocturnal habits by ecological competition.
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic versus open partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in patients with severe chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiko , Kobari Yuki , Iizuka Junpei , Kondo Tsunenori , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari , Takagi Toshio
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To compare surgical and functional outcomes between robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma with stage 4 chronic kidney disease.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of 60 patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate 15–30 ml/min/1.73 m2) who underwent partial nephrectomy for T1 renal cell carcinoma between April 2004 and April 2020. We compared perioperative outcomes according to the surgical approach. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify predictive factors for end‐stage renal disease.

Results

Robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy were performed in 31 and 29 patients, respectively. The median age was 68 years and 17% of all patients were women. Patient and tumor characteristics did not differ between groups. The operative time (155.2 vs. 221.0 min, p < 0.0001) and the postoperative length of hospital stay (5.2 vs. 10.6 days, p = 0.0083) were significantly shorter, and the estimated blood loss was lower (53.4 vs. 363.2 ml, p = 0.0003) in the robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy group than in the open partial nephrectomy group. Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate was the only significant predictor of end‐stage renal disease after partial nephrectomy on multivariable analysis.

Conclusions

Both procedures preserved renal function in this patient cohort, delaying the requirement for postoperative dialysis. Furthermore, robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was associated with shorter operative time and postoperative length of hospital stay, as well as lesser estimated blood loss than open partial nephrectomy.
Participatory Stakeholder Engagement in Design Studio Education
Authors: Dhadphale Tejas , Wicks Brad
Published: August 2022

Researchers have highlighted the need for ongoing design pedagogy reform in order to reflect worldwide transformations, changing socio‐cultural contexts and the expanding scope of design practice. New pedagogical models have emerged in architectural education that incorporate stakeholder perspectives and encourage community engagement. Participatory Design (PD) methodology has become a promising pedagogical approach to engage diverse stakeholders and communities in the design process. The twofold goal of this article is to describe and categorise student learning experiences in an architecture studio and to delineate the benefits of applying PD methodology to architecture studio pedagogy. Students from a graduate level integrated architectural studio participated in the study and led a series of three participatory co‐creation activities with diverse stakeholders who were planned for the front, middle and backend of the design process. Observations, questionnaires and interviews were used to describe and categorise student learning experiences as well as determine the benefits of integrating PD methodology into a design studio. The study results demonstrate that participatory activities positively impact student learning experiences as well as greatly enhance student empathy for stakeholders, thus integrating the social and technical aspects of their experience and demonstrating the importance of stakeholder engagement in collective and creative experimentation.
Cardiac sympathetic afferent ablation to prevent ventricular arrhythmia complicating acute myocardial infarction by inhibiting activated astrocytes
Authors: Chen Jugang , Chu Yingjie , Gao Meng , Dai Xin , Li Bin , Qu Xiufen , Yin Dechun
Published: August 2022

Enhanced cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) contributes to ventricular arrhythmia (VA) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, central regulation mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether local cardiac sympathetic afferent ablation (LCSAA) could reduce VA by inhibiting activated astrocytes in the hypothalamus paraventricular (PVN) in an AMI rat model. The rats were randomly divided into AMI, AMI + BD (baroreceptor denervation), AMI + LCSAA and AMI + BD+ LCSAA groups. Before the generation of AMI, BD and (or) LCSAA were performed. At 24 h after AMI, the incidence and duration of VA in AMI + LCSAA group and AMI + BD + LCSAA group were significantly reduced than AMI group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LCSAA significantly reduced GFAP (a marker for activated astrocytes) positive cells and their projections as well as the level of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in the PVN of AMI + LCSAA group and AMI + BD+ LCSAA group, along with the decrease of neuronal activation in PVN and sympathetic nerve activity (P < 0.05). but BD had no obvious difference between AMI + LCSAA and AMI + BD + LCSAA group (P > 0.05). Therefore, LCSAA could decrease sympathoexcitation and VA occurrence in AMI rats by inhibiting astrocyte and neuronal activation in the PVN. Our study demonstrates that activated astrocytes may play an important role on CSAR in AMI.
Worldviews in Conflict: Negotiating to Bridge the Divide
Authors: Shapiro Daniel L. , Iwry Jonathan
Published: August 2022

Many global and political conflicts involve differences in worldviews. As our world grows increasingly interconnected, and as differences in identity—and the politics of identity—play an increasingly prominent role in our cultural discourse, these differences become harder than ever to ignore. Yet worldviews remain poorly understood, and traditional methods of interest‐based negotiation are insufficient to address this dimension of conflict, which implicates core aspects of who we are, what we believe, and how we make meaning in the world. In this article, we examine what worldviews are, why they matter, and how clashes of worldviews can impede conflict resolution. We offer strategies and tactics to overcome these obstacles, drawing on scholarship in conflict management, social identity theory, relational identity theory, and moral psychology. Overcoming the clash of worldviews requires that we learn to build bridges across our respective worldviews, acknowledging each party’s relationship to their beliefs and values while emphasizing similarities to build a common identity that transcends our respective differences.
Significance of ultrasonography in the assessment of patients with a groin mass: a large, single-center case series
Authors: Kojima Yuki , Maeoka Etuko , Nisaka Yoshimi , Hashimoto Takunori , Sato Aya , Morimoto Hirotoshi , Nagai Hidemasa , Yuasa Norihiro
Published: August 2022

Aim: There is a concern that the differential diagnosis of a groin mass depends on a physicians’ subjective judgment and experience. We aimed to clarify the significance of US in the diagnosis of a groin mass.Material and methods: This retrospective study included 1,898 patients who underwent US examination of a groin mass. Physicians’ diagnoses were compared with US-based diagnoses. Furthermore, the incidence of asymptomatic contralateral hernia was analyzed. The frequency of unnecessary surgery in patients with and without preoperative US was compared. In 1,451 patients who underwent surgery with preoperative US, the preoperative US classification was compared with surgical diagnosis.Results: Of 1,805 patients diagnosed with an inguinal hernia by physicians, 190 (10.5%) exhibited no US findings of inguinal hernia. US revealed asymptomatic contralateral hernia in 13.3% of the 1,543 patients in whom a physician detected unilateral inguinal hernia. The frequency of unnecessary surgery was significantly associated with preoperative US (1/1451; 0% vs. 2/351, 0.6%; p=0.0382). The overall US diagnostic accuracy for the inguinal hernia type was 92.7%.Conclusions: US imaging of a groin mass can help avoid unnecessary surgery, detect latent inguinal hernia, and guide surgical planning.
Seabed classification and source localization with Gaussian processes and machine learning
Authors: Frederick Christina , Michalopoulou Zoi-Heleni
Published: August 2022

Workshop '97 data are employed for seabed classification and source range estimation. The data are acoustic fields computed at vertically separated receivers for various ranges and different environments. Gaussian processes are applied for denoising the data and predicting the field at virtual receivers, sampling the water column densely within the array aperture. The enhanced fields are used in combination with machine learning to map the signals to one of 15 sediment-range classes (corresponding to three environments and five ranges). The classification results after using Gaussian processes for denoising are superior to those when noisy workshop data are employed.
Women’s College Volleyball Players Exhibit Asymmetries During Double-Leg Jump Landing Tasks
Authors: Taylor Jeffrey B. , Nguyen Anh-Dung , Westbrook Audrey E. , Trzeciak Abigail , Ford Kevin R.
Published: August 2022

Context: Women’s volleyball requires frequent and repetitive jumping that when performed with altered biomechanics, including kinematic or kinetic asymmetry, may place the athlete at high risk for injury. This study identified and analyzed lower-extremity biomechanical asymmetries in college women’s volleyball players during standard and sport-specific double-leg landing tasks. Design: Cross-sectional laboratory study. Methods: Eighteen female college volleyball players were analyzed using standard 3D motion capture techniques during a drop vertical jump and an unanticipated lateral reactive jump task. Repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance identified asymmetries in kinematic and kinetic variables of each task. Results: Average symmetry indices ranged from 9.3% to 31.3% during the drop vertical jump and 11.9% to 25.6% during the reactive jump task. During the drop vertical jump, the dominant limb exhibited lower knee abduction moments (P = .03), ankle dorsiflexion moments (P = .02), ankle eversion moments (P = .003) and vertical ground reaction forces (P = .03), and greater ankle inversion moments (P = .001). Both kinematic (λ = 0.27, P = .03) and kinetic (λ = 0.12, P = .008) asymmetries were identified during the reactive jump task. The dominant limb exhibited greater peak knee flexion (P = .003) and ankle dorsiflexion (P = .02) angles, and greater ankle dorsiflexion (P = .005) and inversion (P = .03) moments than the nondominant limb. Conclusions: These asymmetries observed during double-leg landing tasks may predispose volleyball athletes to unilaterally higher ground reaction or muscle forces and ultimately a greater risk of injury during landing.
IFI16 Partners with KAP1 to Maintain Epstein-Barr Virus Latency
Authors: Xu Huanzhou , Li Xiaofan , Rousseau Beth A. , Akinyemi Ibukun A. , Frey Tiffany R. , Zhou Kevin , Droske Lauren E. , Mitchell Jennifer A. , McIntosh Michael T. , Bhaduri-McIntosh Sumita
Published: August 2022

The interferon-gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) is a nuclear DNA sensor that mediates antiviral responses by activating the inflammasome, triggering an interferon response, and silencing lytic genes of herpesviruses. The last, which helps maintain latency of the oncoherpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is accomplished via H3K9me3 heterochromatinization through unknown mechanisms.
A pyramid model to describe changing decision making under high uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Haier Joerg , Mayer Maximilian , Schaefers Juergen , Geyer Siegfried , Feldner Denise
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic put healthcare systems, hospitals and medical personal under great pressure. Based on observations in Germany, we theorise a general model of rapid decision-making that makes sense of the growing complexity, risks and impact of missing evidence. While adapting decision-making algorithms, management, physicians, nurses and other healthcare professionals had to move into uncharted territory while addressing practical challenges and resolving normative (legal and ethical) conflicts. During the pandemic, this resulted in decisional uncertainties for healthcare professionals. We propose an idealised risk-based model that anticipates these shifts in decision-making procedures and underlying value frameworks. The double pyramid model visualises foreseeable procedural adaptations. This does not only help practitioners to secure operational continuity in a crisis but also contributes to improving the conceptual underpinnings of the resilience of healthcare during the next pandemic or similar future crises situations.
Engage, understand, listen and act: evaluation of Community Panels to privilege First Nations voices in pandemic planning and response in Australia
Authors: Crooks Kristy , Taylor Kylie , Law Charlee , Campbell Sandra , Miller Adrian
Published: August 2022

Introduction

First Nations Peoples of Australia have not been included in the development nor prioritised in pre-2009 pandemic plans despite being a priority population in Australian health policy. Marginalised groups experience amplified barriers and systemic disadvantage in emergencies, however, their voices have not been heard in past pandemic responses. Through effective engagement with disadvantaged and oppressed groups, health authorities can gain a deeper understanding of how to design and implement pandemic control strategies. There have been limited studies with First Nations Peoples that has focused on pandemic planning and response strategies. Deliberative inclusive approaches such as citizens juries have been a way to uncover public perceptions.

Methods

Qualitative thematic research methods were used to conduct the study. We convened five First Nations Community Panels in three locations in Australia between 2019 and 2020. We used an Indigenist research approach, community-based Participatory Action Research framework and ‘yarning’ to understand whether Community Panels were an acceptable and appropriate way of engaging First Nations Peoples. Forty First Nations participants were purposively recruited through local and cultural networks. Panels heard evidence supporting various pandemic response strategies, and cross-questioned public health experts.

Results

All 40 participants from the 5 panels verbally indicated strong support of the Community Panels approach as an effective way of engaging First Nations Peoples in making decisions about pandemic planning and response strategies. The main theme of ‘respect’ centred on the overarching principle that First Nations Peoples are important in the context of continuation of culture and ongoing political resistance.

Conclusion

First Nations Community Panels are a way of enabling active participation of First Nations peoples, increasing knowledge and understanding, and a way for government and policymakers to respectfully listen to First Nations opinions and values.
Type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Vietnam: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies between 2000 and 2020
Authors: Biswas Tuhin , Tran Nam , Thi My Hanh Hoang , Van Hien Pham , Thi Thu Cuc Nguyen , Hong Van Phan , Anh Tuan Khuong , Thi Mai Oanh Tran , Mamun Abdullah
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The objective of this study was to determine the level of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN) in Vietnam and to assess the trend and recommend the future direction of prevention research efforts.

Design

We searched scientific literature, databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CINHAL and Google Scholar; grey literature and reference lists for primary research published, nation database websites between 1 January 2000 and 30 September 2020. We adapted the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of the study, as recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.

Results

In total, 83 studies met our inclusion criteria, representing data of approximately 239 034 population of more than 15 years of age in Vietnam. The findings show that prevalence rates varied widely across studies, from 1.0% to 29.0% for T2DM and 2.0% to 47.0% for HTN. For the total study period, pooled prevalence of T2DM and HTN in Vietnam for all studies was 6.0% (95% CI: 4.0% to 7.0%) and 25% (95% CI: 19% to 31%), respectively. Prevalence rate of both T2DM and HTN was higher among the male population compared with female counterpart.

Conclusion

There is evidence of a rising trend of HTN and T2DM prevalence in Vietnam. Future research should focus on the major drivers, incidence and prognosis of T2DM and HTN. Policy approaches should base upon the trends of T2DM and HTN in Vietnam over the last 20 years and pay more attention on the effective interventions to combat T2DM and HTN. In our study, we included both English and Vietnamese language articles and seems that majority of the articles came from Vietnamese language.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020182959.
Educational inequalities in adult mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Asia Pacific region
Authors: Beck Kathryn Christine , Balaj Mirza , Donadello Lorena , Mohammad Talal , Vonen Hanne Dahl , Degail Claire , Eikemo Kristoffer , Giouleka Anna , Gradeci Indrit , Westby Celine , Sripada Kam , Jensen Magnus Rom , Solhaug Solvor , Gakidou Emmanuela , Eikemo Terje Andreas
Published: August 2022

Objectives

In this study, we aim to analyse the relationship between educational attainment and all-cause mortality of adults in the high-income Asia Pacific region.

Design

This study is a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis with no language restrictions on searches. Included articles were assessed for study quality and risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the overall effect of individual level educational attainment on all-cause mortality.

Setting

The high-income Asia Pacific Region consisting of Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Brunei Darussalam.

Participants

Articles reporting adult all-cause mortality by individual-level education were obtained through searches conducted from 25 November 2019 to 6 December 2019 of the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Global Health (CAB), EconLit and Sociology Source Ultimate.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Adult all-cause mortality was the primary outcome of interest.

Results

Literature searches resulted in 15 345 sources screened for inclusion. A total of 30 articles meeting inclusion criteria with data from the region were included for this review. Individual-level data from 7 studies covering 222 241 individuals were included in the meta-analyses. Results from the meta-analyses showed an overall risk ratio of 2.40 (95% CI 1.74 to 3.31) for primary education and an estimate of 1.29 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.54) for secondary education compared with tertiary education.

Conclusion

The results indicate that lower educational attainment is associated with an increase in the risk of all-cause mortality for adults in the high-income Asia Pacific region. This study offers empirical support for the development of policies to reduce health disparities across the educational gradient and universal access to all levels of education.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020183923.
Navigating the river(s) of systems change: a multi-methods, qualitative evaluation exploring the implementation of a systems approach to physical activity in Gloucestershire, England
Authors: Nobles James , Fox Charlotte , Inman-Ward Alan , Beasley Tom , Redwood Sabi , Jago Russ , Foster Charlie
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Systems approaches aim to change the environments in which people live, through cross-sectoral working, by harnessing the complexity of the problem. This paper sought to identify: (1) the strategies which support the implementation of We Can Move (WCM), (2) the barriers to implementation, (3) key contextual factors that influence implementation and (4) impacts associated with WCM.

Design

A multi-methods evaluation of WCM was completed between April 2019 and April 2021. Ripple Effects Mapping (REM) and semi-structured interviewers were used. Framework and content analysis were systematically applied to the dataset.

Setting

WCM—a physical activity orientated systems approach being implemented in Gloucestershire, England.

Participants

31 stakeholder interviews and 25 stakeholders involved in 15 REM workshops.

Results

A white-water rafting analogy was developed to present the main findings. The successful implementation of WCM required a facilitative, well-connected and knowledgeable guide (ie, the lead organisation), a crew (ie, wider stakeholders) who’s vision and agenda aligned with WCM’s purpose, and a flexible delivery approach that could respond to ever-changing nature of the river (ie, local and national circumstances). The context surrounding WCM further strengthened and hampered its implementation. Barriers included evaluative difficulties, a difference in stakeholder and organisational perspectives, misaligned expectations and understandings of WCM, and COVID-19 implications (COVID-19 also presented as a facilitative factor). WCM was said to strengthen cohesion and collaboration between partners, benefit other agendas and policies (eg, mental health, town planning, inequality), and improve physical activity opportunities and environments.

Conclusions

This paper is one of the first to evaluate a systems approach to increasing physical activity. We highlight key strategies and contextual factors that influenced the implementation of WCM and demonstrate some of the wider benefits from such approaches. Further research and methodologies are required to build the evidence base surrounding systems approaches in Public Health.
A characterization of plurisubharmonic functions by holomorphic pull-backs
Authors: Li Zhenqian
Published: August 2022

In this note, relying on a variant of Grauert–Remmert extension theorem for plurisubharmonic functions on locally irreducible complex spaces, we show that if [Formula: see text] is a holomorphic surjection from an irreducible complex space [Formula: see text] to a locally irreducible complex space [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is an upper semicontinuous function on [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text]. Moreover, by concrete examples, we also present that both of the irreducibility assumptions on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are sharp.
Tangle number of virtual rational tangles
Authors: Khan Noureen A.
Published: August 2022

We extend the classical coloring rule to compute the tangle (fraction) number of a virtual rational tangle. We use the contemporary argument used by Kauffman [Virtual knot theory, Eur. J. Comb. 20(7) (1999) 662–690] and show that tangle (fraction) number is a complete invariant. The main purpose of this paper is to provide an alternate yet elementary proof of John Conway’s classification theorem for the virtual rational tangles.
Singular manifold, auto-Bäcklund transformations and symbolic-computation steps with solitons for an extended three-coupled Korteweg-de Vries system
Authors: Gao Xin-Yi , Guo Yong-Jiang , Shan Wen-Rui , Zhou Tian-Yu
Published: August 2022

Korteweg-de Vries (KdV)-type models are frequently seen during the investigations on the optical fibers, cosmic plasmas, planetary oceans and atmospheres. In this paper, for an extended three-coupled KdV system, noncharacteristic movable singular manifold and symbolic computation help us bring about four sets of the auto-Bäcklund transformations with some solitons. All of our results rely on the coefficients in that system.
Transfer Learning for Low-Resource Multilingual Relation Classification
Authors: Nag Arijit , Samanta Bidisha , Mukherjee Animesh , Ganguly Niloy , Chakrabarti Soumen
Published: August 2022

Relation classification (sometimes called
relation extraction
) requires trustworthy datasets for fine-tuning large language models, as well as for evaluation. Data collection is challenging for Indian languages, because they are syntactically and morphologically diverse, as well as different from resource-rich languages like English. Despite recent interest in deep generative models for Indian languages, relation classification is still not well served by public datasets. In response, we present
IndoRE
, a dataset with 21K entity- and relation-tagged gold sentences in three Indian languages (Bengali, Hindi, and Telugu), plus English. We start with a multilingual BERT (mBERT)-based system that captures entity span positions and type information, and provides competitive performance on monolingual relation classification. Using this baseline system, we explore transfer mechanisms between languages and the scope to reduce expensive data annotation while achieving reasonable relation extraction performance. Specifically, we

(a)

study the accuracy-efficiency trade-off between expensive, manually labeled gold instances vs. automatically translated and aligned silver instances to train a relation extractor,

(b)

device a simple mechanism for budgeted gold data annotation by intelligently converting distant-supervised silver training instances to gold training instances with human annotators using active learning, and finally

(c)

propose an ensemble model to provide a performance boost over that achieved via limited gold training instances.

We release the dataset for future research.

1
SIGCAS showcase
Authors: Goldweber Mikey , Kaczmarczyk Lisa , Clear Alison
Published: August 2022

Over the years, SIGCAS has been involved in a number of conference activities. These include

• Workshops co-located with the SIGCSE Technical Symposium,

• In-Cooperation conferences; conferences organized by other organizations whose purpose/mission align with SIGCAS's mission, and

• Sponsored conferences; conferences put on by SIGCAS members and organized as official ACM/SIGCAS conferences: COMPASS, GoodIT, and previously, LIMITS.
Thinking like a lawyer
Authors: Blumenthal Johanna
Published: August 2022

In April, I decided that I wanted to give my writing more attention by committing to a daily writing practice. Although I really like to express myself using pen and paper, I find that it is much easier if I just digitize my writings from the beginning. I decided that the new version of Microsoft OneNote might be a good way to keep these daily scraps in an organized way. I am a mac user so I haven't used this software much. I opened my version of OneNote, which came with my office 365 subscription for mac. Note: this subscription must be renewed each year in order to keep using the service and to have access to OneNote.
CSG-Ed drop-in conversations
Authors: Team CSG-Ed
Published: August 2022

Computing for the Social Good in Education (CSG-Ed) focuses on the methods for producing computing graduates who are intended on using their computing education towards the benefit of society. The virtual
CSG-Ed Dropin Conversation
events are essentially an "open house", which provides anyone interested in CSG-Ed an opportunity to interact with others, who are also interested in CSG-Ed, by sharing ongoing projects, discussing topics of interest, receiving feedback on projects and ideas, learning how others are approaching CSG-Ed, etc. These events are scheduled three times a year with a fourth SIGCSE Affiliated Event planned.