bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Funcionalidad familiar como factor asociado a trastornos de ansiedad en estudiantes de medicina
Authors: Lima Pollyanna Viana , Villar Zenda Anahí , Dos Santos Josivan Mauricio , Tavares Valdirene , Dominici Ana Caroline , Meza Armando , Valdés Nathalia , Duarte Mirna , Chaux Alcides
Published: December 2024

El presente estudio examina la relación entre la funcionalidad familiar y los trastornos de ansiedad en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada en Ciudad del Este, Paraguay. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo con una muestra de 288 estudiantes, quienes completaron el Test de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) para medir niveles de ansiedad y el APGAR Familiar para evaluar funcionalidad familiar. Los resultados mostraron niveles significativamente más altos de ansiedad en mujeres (11.03% ansiedad moderada, 7.24% ansiedad grave) comparado con hombres (3.45% moderada, 1.72% grave). En cuanto a la funcionalidad familiar, el 8.97% de mujeres y 7.93% de hombres con disfunción familiar severa presentaron niveles altos de ansiedad. Los estudiantes de 23-27 años registraron mayores tasas de ansiedad grave (2.76%) y disfuncionalidad familiar severa (6.90%) que el grupo de 18-22 años (1.72% y 4.83% respectivamente). La correlación entre funcionalidad familiar y ansiedad fue significativa (rho = 0.47, P < 0.01). Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de la funcionalidad familiar en la salud mental de los estudiantes de Medicina, sugiriendo que aquellos en entornos familiares disfuncionales son más propensos a experimentar ansiedad.
Kohti digiosaamisen strategista kehittämistä: Kansainvälinen monilukutaidon ja ohjelmoinnillisen ajattelun tutkimus (ICILS 2023)
Authors: Fagerlund Janne , Leino Kaisa , Niilo-Rämä Mikko , Puhakka Eija , Markkanen Ilona
Published: December 2024

Kansainvälinen monilukutaidon ja ohjelmoinnillisen ajattelun tutkimus, josta käytetään nimitystä ICILS (International Computer and Information Literacy Study), arvioi 8. vuosiluokan oppilaiden monilukutaitoa sekä ohjelmoinnillisen ajattelun taitoja. Monilukutaidolla tarkoitetaan tässä tutkimuksessa digitaalisia tekstitaitoja eli niitä tekstitaitoja sekä tietokoneen käytön tietoja ja tai- toja, joita oppilaat tarvitsevat hakiessaan, käsitellessään ja jakaessaan tietoa tietokonetta hyödyntäen, erityisesti verkkoympäristössä. Tarkastelun kohteena ei siis ole vain tiedon yksipuolinen kuluttaminen, vaan myös sen arviointi, muokkaaminen ja jakaminen omien tavoitteiden mukaisesti. Ohjelmoinnillisella ajattelulla puolestaan tarkoitetaan erityisesti tietotekniseen ongelmanratkaisuun liittyvää ymmärrystä ja osaamista. Siihen sisältyvät esimerkiksi tiedot ja taidot esittää ongelmia algoritmisesti, eli vaihe vaiheelta ratkaistavassa muodossa, sekä erilaisiin ongelmiin liittyvien ratkaisujen toteuttaminen tietokoneella. ässä raportissa näihin osaamisalueisiin viitataan yhteis nimellä “digitaalinen osaaminen”. ICILS 2023 -tutkimuksen osaamisen arvioinnin kokeeseen ja oppilaskyselyyn osallistui Suomessa oppilaita 158 koulusta. Heiltä kerättiin tietoa heidän tieto- ja viestintäteknologiaan liittyvästä osaamistasostaan, kotitaustastaan, harrastuneisuudestaan sekä asenteistaan. Lisäksi mukaan otostettujen koulujen opettajia, rehtoria sekä tieto- ja viestintäteknologian vastuuhenkilöä pyydettiin täyttämään heille kohdistetut kyselyt, joista tarkastellaan muun muassa opettajien ja koulujen valmiuksia hyödyntää TVT:tä opetuksessa sekä TVT:n käyttöön liittyviä asenteita. Lisäksi kunkin osallistuvan maan edustajat täyttivät maakyselyn, jossa kerättiin tietoja muun muassa maiden opetussuunnitelmista sekä opetuksen järjestämisvastuista.
Limousin választott borjak testméreteinek elemzése döntési fa eljárással egy törzstenyészetben
Authors: Demény Márton , Tarr Bence , Szűcs Márton , Tőzsér János
Published: December 2024

A testméretek elemzése fontos szerepet játszik mind az élősúly becslés mind pedig a tenyészállat kiválogatás és minősítés szempontjából. Minden olyan módszer mely segíti a korai tenyészállat kiválogatást, nem csak hatékony eszköz a tenyésztői munkában, de költségmegtakarítást is jelent. Jelen tanulmányban egy limousin törzstenyészetből származó összesen 311 (146 bika és 165 üsző) választott borjú testméreteit (marmagasság, farmagasság, háthosszúság, marszélesség, csípőszélesség, ülőgumótávolság) elemezzük (2021 és 2022 év között) döntési fa eljárással. Vizsgálataink során azt találtuk, hogy az életkor és a testméretek között a korrelációs értékek rrang = 0,02-től, rrang = 0,36 -ig változtak (n=311, P≤0,01). Ugyan akkor az élősúly vonatkozásban, ugyan ezek az értékek az alábbiak voltak: rrang = 0,32; rrang = 0,77 (n=311, P≤0,01). Megállapíthatjuk, hogy ebben az életkorban, a választott borjak esetében az egyes testméretek alakulására az élősúly nagyobb befolyással bírt, az életkorhoz képest. Az is megállapítható, hogy a CHAID elemzés alkalmas a testméretek és az élősúly közötti összefüggéseinek feltárására, melynek külön előnye, hogy megjeleníti a homogén csoportok jellemzőit.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy as a paraneoplastic manifestation of metastatic melanoma
Authors: Patel Deep , Li Yuebing , Spolter Yonatan , Isaacs James , Naffouje Samer
Published: December 2024

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune disease that leads to proximal greater than distal weakness. It follows a relapsing course and requires treatment with chronic immune suppressing therapy such as steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin infusions. The vast majority of cases are idiopathic. However, there has been an established association with malignancy. Hematologic malignancies are the most commonly associated, but solid tumors are implicated as well. CIDP associated with melanoma has been reported in several previous case reports. Despite these reports, this association is not widely known. We report a case of a patient with a remote history of resected melanoma who developed severe refractory CIDP. He was found to have a recurrent metastatic melanoma. He experienced sustained clinical improvement with treatment of both the CIDP and malignancy. We then compare the characteristics of this case with others reported in the literature. This case along with other reports highlights the importance of being aware of this association and emphasizes that treatment of both the neuropathy and malignancy leads to maximal clinical effect.
Iran’s growing role in Eurasian transport and communication projects
Authors:   Kyrgyz Russian Slavic University, Garbuzarova Elena G.
Published: December 2024

Iran, belonging to the “middle powers” type in terms of its military and economic capabilities, is one of the influential and energetic states in Eurasia with great ambitions. In the emerging new geopolitical reality, accompanied by an imbalance of the existing international system and a change in the configuration of forces, Iran positions itself as an important regional player. The aim of this study is to analyze the growing role of Iran in the emerging Eurasian transport and communication systems. The emerging transport and communication systems in Eurasia with the participation of two major regional centers of power – Russia and China – became a challenge for Iran. The respond of the Iranian administration is increasing the activity of its Eurasian diplomacy. In turn, Russia and China, recognizing Iran’s unique geopolitical location, show interest in building strategic and mutually beneficial cooperation in the field of joint implementation of transport and communication projects. Iran’s transit potential is one of the factors contributing to the strengthening of cooperation with the countries of Central Asia. At the same time, there is mutual interest when the countries of Central Asia that do not have access to the open sea respond positively to Iran’s proposal to strengthen transport and communication cooperation. The Chinese BRI project, where Central Asian countries play a key role, opened a new chapter in bilateral cooperation between Iran and China. In Iran, China is perceived as an ally in the fight against American hegemony, which allows us to talk about the Sino-Iranian model of cooperation that developed in the conditions of the formation of a new world order. The author concludes that Iran has good opportunities for wider involvement in regional processes due to its geostrategic position. Iran’s transit advantages allow it to play a significant role in the emerging Eurasian transport and logistics systems and position itself as the leading transport and logistics hub of Eurasia. In view of the global geopolitical competition that changed international trade flows, the importance of countries that have significant transit potential and can offer attractive alternative routes is increasing. In this regard, Iran is a rather interesting partner, acting as a bridge between North and South, East and West. Given the geopolitical and geo-economic potential, Iran’s role in regional and global processes will increase.
Local government and local self-government in the Akmola region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Konovalov Igor A.
Published: December 2024

Based on pre-revolutionary legislation and archival materials, the article identifies the features of the administrative–territorial structure and local government in the cross-border territories of southern Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, and analyzes these features. The increased interest in the history of local government is connected not only with the desire of historians to look more deeply into the past, but also with purely practical needs. Returning to the forgotten traditions of local government, it is important to take into account more fully the historical experience that has been accumulated over the centuries. It is also necessary, taking into account modern realities, to take a fresh look at already known facts and events in order to overcome old myths and misconceptions and prevent the birth of new ones. The aim of the study is to explore the features of the administrative-territorial structure and local government of the Akmola region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the principles of historical cognition – objectivity, historicism, social approach and alternativeness, suggesting an unbiased approach to the analysis of the studied problems, as well as a critical attitude to sources. The historical trends in the development of the system of local government and self-government in relation to the general processes of the development of Russian statehood are revealed. The author concludes that the powers of the administrative and police authorities in the region had their own specifics and were much broader than in the central provinces of the Russian Empire. A characteristic feature of the administration in the Akmola region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries was its paramilitary organization. Therefore, the powers of the authorities had their own specifics from the powers in the European provinces of Russia. Administrative and territorial transformations in the Akmola region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries did not cause protest among the local population. Russian culture was promoted in cross-border territories; the regulation and legal consolidation of self-governing principles among the indigenous population of Northern Kazakhstan and the inclusion of representatives of the Kazakh population in the local administrative apparatus had a progressive character and contributed to the strengthening of good-neighborly relations between the Russian and Kazakh peoples. Carrying out the political rapprochement of the region with other regions of the country, the imperial government wanted to make the transition from a system of custom-based management to modern, bureaucratic administration, extending departmental management and new legislation to Northern Kazakhstan.
Evaluation of classical (desktop) user interfaces textuality: The formal aspect
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Krapivina Kseniya P.
Published: December 2024

One of the key tasks in software development is to achieve “usability”, commonly interpreted as a balance of learnability, efficiency, memorability, and satisfaction in user–computer interaction. Initially being graphical designers’ area of responsibility, in the 2010s this concept expanded onto the verbal interface content – “microcopy” – button and window labels, confirmation and error messages, etc. Over the following years, a set of basic principles as well as recommendations for writing individual elements of interfaces were developed, and the structural and communicative features of error messages and on-board “Help” texts were studied. However, to date, there are no guidelines for developing an interface as a cohesive semiotic entity. In this study, the software user interface is considered as a type of text whose criteria are manifested implicitly or in an unconventional way. Foremost, based on the commonly cited literature, the set of formal textuality criteria was identified, namely the delimitation (presence of marked beginning and ending), divisibility (presence of a clear structure), and cohesion (means employed to unify this structure). The applicability of these criteria then was evaluated utilizing the comparative method on the textual content of Microsoft Word 2013 and EmEditor 21.2.1 interfaces with attention to its hypertextual and creolized nature. It was revealed that, due to the artefact nature of the object, identification of the starting and ending points of the interface requires determining the static functionally central “home page”, from which the routine intended operations are initiated and aborted by a user. On this page, the starting point is placed according to pragmatic considerations and by writing system rules both, and the linearity vectors could be traced to the ending points in several directions. At the same time, hypertextuality of interfaces is limited by a strict modeling of the task order in the context of the software functionality. From the divisibility point, the hypertext fractionality notwithstanding, classic desktop interfaces could be perceived as a dynamic series of “pages” comprised from ever-present on screen content (such as main menu and status bar) and called-on content (like dropdown menus, windows and messages). Such pages are naturally divided into a number of smaller texts, including separate one-word buttons, each acting as a title and starting point of a called-on text fragment. Regarding cohesion, the analysis shows that user interfaces vastly employ creolized means of cohesion, relaying the conjunction, anaphoric and cataphoric relations visually or by juxtaposition, and repetition, and do not employ any means prone to create ambiguity and misinterpretation. Thus, the article concludes that the verbal content of desktop interfaces could be considered to be a special kind of the dynamic creolized text with a complex structure and several reading vectors.
The symbolic component of the semantics of clothing nominations (based on the dialects of the Middle Ob region)
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Manashova Valentina D.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the symbolic component of the semantics of nominations for items of clothing in Russian traditional costume. The symbolic component of the meaning of the analyzed lexical units was identified through linguoculturological analysis. With its help, representatives are identified that testify to it as a cultural sign. The purpose of linguocultural analysis is to determine the totality of connotative components of the meaning of a word, including the symbolic one. To optimally structure a commentary, an answer to several questions is necessary: identifying the degree of objectivity of the procedure, clarifying the scope of its content, as well as determining the sequence of inclusion of components through which the symbolic semantics of a word is represented. The aim of the work is to determine the specifics of objectification of the cultural-symbolic component of the semantics of clothing nominations. The objectives are to identify lexical representative units that have a symbolic component of meaning in their semantics and to determine the set of symbolic components of meaning in clothing names. The research material was data from the dialects of the Middle Ob region recorded in the dictionaries of the Tomsk Dialectological School and the database of the Tomsk Dialect Corpus. The empirical basis of the work was formed using a continuous sampling method. The article implements the general scientific method of description. Methods of interpretation and linguocultural commentary are used. Techniques of contextual analysis, classification, systematization are the main ones when working with the studied layer of lexical units. The illustrative material included in the article contains facts of actualization of the symbolic component of clothing nominations in living dialect speech. Linguoculturological analysis, which allows stating that there is a symbolic connotative component in the semantics of the studied units, shows the idea of the symbolic in culture, which is firmly rooted in the archaic consciousness because it establishes a model of integral existence, knowledge about the orderliness of the world on the principles of correlation between phenomena and processes.
On the correlation of religious experience and philosophy in the project of Ivan Ilyin
Authors:   Bunin Yelets State University, Usachev Aleksandr V.
Published: December 2024

In modern research, increased attention is paid to Russian philosophy. The main ideas of Russian thought are being developed as the main strategies of thinking about reality. A special place is occupied by the philosophy of Ivan Ilyin (1883–1954), who expressed the position of the consistency of religion and religious experience in the cognitive process. The article is devoted to the interpretation of religious experience, which plays a certain role in the actualization of philosophical knowledge. In particular, the thesis is considered that religious experience is essential on the basis that philosophy is spiritual creativity. This indicates that religion is not divorced from philosophy, but highlights its main research and features. The article uses the works of representatives of Russian religious and philosophical thought, the subject of which is the correlation of religious experience and its elements, and philosophy. To evaluate the discussion of this topic, articles by G.V. Bolotnov, I.I. Evlampiev, as well as books by such authors as N.A. Berdyaev, S.N. Trubetskoy, P.A. Florensky, I.A. Ilyin, V.V. Bibikhin, were used. The ideas that were presented in the periodical press correlated with fundamental works on this topic. The authorial analysis of the constructive correlation of religious experience and philosophy revealed general and special features. As a result of the research work, the programmatic judgment was clarified that religion does not hinder philosophical work, but contributes to it; religion has spirituality as a universal basis for setting topics and tasks of philosophy, each of which is a kind of step in generalizations. A characteristic thesis is that religious experience is the universal included as entity into its own singular, i.e., into philosophy. The study found that religion is one of the leading qualities of philosophical thought in Russia: it affects the formulation of topics, the specifics of the formation of problems, the way to solve the main issues. It is religion that contributes to the fact that philosophical questioning has the quality of thoughtful experience, attentive attitude to what is most relevant at the current moment of history.
Экстерриториальное применение международных договоров в сфере прав человека (на примере права на жизнь).
Authors: Savryga K.P.
Published: December 2024

В настоящее время многие государства, столкнувшиеся с угрозой терроризма, идущей из-за рубежа, были вынуждены перейти к практике так называемых «целевых убийств», состоящей в ликвидации членов террористических формирований. В связи с этим возникает вопрос, насколько жертвы «атак», произведенных во исполнение такой практики, могут обратиться к международным средствам защиты своих прав в случае их нарушения. В особенности внимание к этой проблеме было привлечено после начала так называемой «войны с терроризмом» после террористических актов 11 сентября 2001 года, когда большое количество военных, полицейских и специальных операций, направленных на уничтожение или задержание потенциальных террористов, производились на территориях, не имеющих должного механизма защиты прав человека. В связи с этим возник вопрос — должно ли государство отвечать за деяния своих агентов, совершенных вне его территории и юрисдикции? Данная статья пытается разрешить этот вопрос на основе самого важного права — права на жизнь, которое является наиболее уязвимым звеном в конфликтах, где отсутствует четкая грань между парадигмой вооруженного конфликта и прав человека. Также необходимо отметить, что механизм экстерриториального применения права на жизнь аналогичен механизму применения права на свободу от пыток, что приобретает большую важность ввиду распространенной практики экстерриториальных задержаний и заключений (extraordinary rendition). В данной статье рассмотрены основные международные договоры в сфере права прав человека, которые представляют собой различные универсальные и региональные системы прав человека. Проанализирована практика судебных и квази судебных органов, которые созданы для защиты прав человека в своей юрисдикции, а также рассмотрены доктринальные положения, касающиеся вопроса ответственности государств за деяния, совершенные их служащими, агентами и иными акторами, действующими под их контролем. В итоге автор приходит к выводу — несмотря на то, что, по общему правилу, государство ответственно за нарушение права на жизнь, совершенное его агентами за рубежом, пределы такой ответственности в режимах различных конвенций не одинаковы.
Развитие законодательства в области обеспечения информационной безопасности: тенденции и основные проблемы
Authors: Polyakova Tat'yana , Akulova E.V.
Published: December 2024

Предметом исследования является процесс формирования правовой системы обеспечения международной информационной безопасности, а также системы информационной безопасности в рамках законодательства Российской Федерации. Актуальность указанной темы обусловлена высокими темпами развития глобального информационного пространства и информатизации всех сфер жизнедеятельности общества, а также непростой политической ситуацией, сложившейся на мировой арене. Все это в совокупности способствует появлению новых вызовов и угроз информационной безопасности, проблему предотвращения которых можно отнести к числу наиболее серьезных вопросов как национальной, так и международной безопасности. Неуклонное нарастание таких угроз вызывает необходимость построения эффективной системы МИБ, совершенствования национального законодательства в данной области, проведения научных исследований. В связи с этим авторы анализируют тенденции развития законодательства и государственной политики в области обеспечения информационной безопасности, а также обозначают наиболее актуальные проблемы и вопросы, подлежащие научному исследованию. Целью данного научного исследования является формирование практических и теоретических предложений при построении правовой системы МИБ и модернизации правовой системы информационной безопасности Российской Федерации. Достижению поставленной цели способствовали: проведение анализа формирования и развития правовой системы МИБ в современных политических условиях, анализ развития национального законодательства Российской Федерации в области информационной безопасности, выявление правовых проблем и неопределенностей, оказывающих влияние на успешное формирование системы МИБ и модернизации законодательства Российской Федерации в области информационной безопасности, а также формулировка на основе проведенного анализа ряда предложений, способствующих успешной реализации государственной политики Российской Федерации в области МИБ. Методологическую основу исследования составляют общенаучный метод познания, дедуктивный, сравнительно-правовой, формально-юридический методы и метод системного анализа. Одним из основных выводов научной статьи является необходимость расширения договорно-правовой базы межгосударственного сотрудничества, а также разработки общих правил применения норм в информационной сфере, создание единого для участников межгосударственных образований подхода в области правового регулирования — гармонизация и унификация законодательства государств-членов союзных государств, интеграция в законодательство Российской Федерации рекомендаций, закрепленных в международных документах.
Replacing the Dollar in International Payments: A Preliminary Assessment
Authors:   FGV, Flores Renato
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the different issues and limits involved in the process of replacing the US dollar in a sizeable share of international transactions. One specific transaction, the payment of trade in goods, receives special attention. It also dwells on other important currency flows, discussing likely evolutions and pointing out the scarcity of data for effective evaluations of most cases. After outlining the complex array of changes involved in the overall replacement, a preliminary quantitative assessment of the prospects for the trade in goods payments is made. Results signal the possibility of attaining replacement shares of 40 and 35%, for total export and import flows, respectively. Other complementary measures and questions regarding international reserves, global clearing systems, and plastic or similar means for individual across-the-border settlements are addressed. The importance of a coherent and significant group of pro-replacement countries is highlighted, BRICS standing as the main candidate. The whole movement is a geopolitical decision: its limits, uncertainties, and purpose must always be kept in mind.
The Question of Traditional Russian Values in the Perspective of Ontological Hermeneutics
Authors:   HSE University (Moscow)., Pavlov Ilia
Published: December 2024

The National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, adopted in 2021, underscores
the critical importance of safeguarding traditional Russian values. While a detailed enumeration
of these values was provided in Presidential Decree No. 809 in 2022, a comprehensive academic
and philosophical understanding of the concept of traditional values remains underdeveloped.
This article argues that the notion of traditional values is not inherently contradictory; rather,
the evolution of the theory of value within neo-Kantian epistemology enables an exploration
of non-modern traditions through a methodology of value attribution. This epistemological
framework posits that values are rooted at the subjective level. In response, the article proposes
an interpretation of traditional Russian values informed by Heidegger’s appeal to themes of
world and being. However, it diverges from Heidegger’s focus on death, instead emphasizing the
value of life through the turn to phenomenology of the past, memory, and the recollection of birth.
This shift facilitates a conceptualization of Russia as a constellation of historical and spatial
perspectives, which, drawing on Leibniz’s ontology, are understood not merely as subjective but
as real perspectives that constitute a shared reality. Within this framework, the empirically
observed dimension of traditional values among Russians can be enriched by the common
political level conceived through the principle of patriotic consensus. This stands in contrast to
the overlapping consensus model, which tends to be indifferent to common values. The article
highlights the relevance of engaging with history of Russian philosophy to address the mediation
between intra-religious and common dimensions of traditional values.
Speaking about Traditional Values Seriously
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Philosophy (Moscow)., Afanasov Nikolai
Published: December 2024

The material provides an overview of the Expert Round Table at the HSE School
of Philosophy and Cultural Studies “Traditional Values in the Optics of National Philosophy”,
which took place on April 10, 2024. The key objective of the event was to contribute to the
creation of a theoretical framework for the discussion of values, which could serve as a basis for
the implementation of practical initiatives in academic, cultural, public, and political spaces. To
solve this problem, which Russian society has recently faced in all its acuteness, first of all it is
necessary to clarify the content and meaning of the concept of traditional spiritual and moral
values; to answer the critical arguments that are put forward in relation to this concept; to
map the position of Russian traditional spiritual and moral values in the actual global context
and cultural process; finally, to determine the strategy that would give a basis to include this
theoretical concept in the work in various fields of expertise. An important result of the discussion
was the explication of the practical meaning of philosophy as applied to the designated task. It is
the diversity and heuristic potential of philosophical tools (from the history of philosophy and
axiology to the philosophy of religion and social philosophy) that makes it possible to organize
intellectual work to preserve, protect and strengthen Russian traditional spiritual and moral
values. Many participants specifically noted that the rich Russian philosophical tradition,
both pre-revolutionary and Soviet, has great potential in this context, filling existing modern
methodological approaches with specific content and adapting them to the Russian sociocultural
space.
REDI-NET B-5 BLOOD SHIPPING v2
Authors: Consortium REDI-NET
Published: December 2024

This protocol describes proper packaging and shipping of preserved blood samples.
REDI-NET FF-4 FILTH FLY TESTING v1
Authors: Consortium REDI-NET
Published: December 2024

The overarching aim of the REDI-NET is to develop a collaborative laboratory network between domestic and international partnering institutions to address disease surveillance needs in order to effectively detect, predict and contain potentially emergent zoonosis. This SOP provides guidance on testing of filth fly samples and their purified nucleic acid to preserve their integrity for downstream sequencing library preparation.
SPRI beads, variable PEG concentration v1
Authors: Nickel Birgit , Patova Anya , Meyer Matthias
Published: December 2024

This is a protocol for the preparation of beads suspension for the purification of nucleic acids using the Solid Phase Reversible Immobilization (SPRI) method (DeAngelis et al. 1995). Preparations of SPRI beads are used in various steps of sample preparation by the Ancient DNA Core Unit of the MPI-EVA as an alternative to commercially available products, such as AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter). The size selectivity of SPRI beads depends primarily on the concentration of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the reaction, which can be modulated by adjusting the PEG concentration in the bead suspension or by changing the volume ratio between SPRI bead suspension and sample. We here provide protocols for the preparation of bead suspensions containing 18%, 33% and 38% PEG-8000 (w/v) in three different volumes (50 ml, 100 ml and 250 ml). SPRI bead suspension containing 18% PEG performs similar to AMPure XP beads, which are often used in a 1.8x beads suspension/sample ratio. SPRI bead suspensions containing 33% or 38% PEG are useful if smaller volume ratios are desired, for example due to constraints in pipetting or reaction volumes. Instructions for DNA purification using these SPRI bead suspensions are provided in the protocols citing this document. References DeAngelis, M. M., Wang, D. G., Hawkins, T. L. (1995) Solid-phase reversible immobilization for the isolation of PCR products. Nucleic Acids Res. 23(22):4742-3. doi: 10.1093/nar/23.22.4742
REDI-NET F-5 FECES SHIPPING v2
Authors: Consortium REDI-NET
Published: December 2024

The overarching aim of the REDI-NET is to develop a collaborative laboratory network between domestic and international partnering institutions to address disease surveillance needs in order to effectively detect, predict and contain potentially emergent zoonosis. This protocol provides guidance on the packaging and shipping of feces samples.
On the Research Methodology for Institute of Joint Performance
Authors: Martyanova E.Yu.
Published: December 2024

The increasing number of joint performances, as opposed to individual efforts, leads to the need for a focused approach of legislators, the scientific community, and law enforcement officers to developing effective legal regulation for the relations of coactors. However, the methodological tools for studying the designated institute are used inconsistently, lacking consideration for the inherent nature of the object under study. The work aims to identify the prerequisites, directions, and limits of applying cultural, sociological, and economic analyses of law to the study of the institute of joint performance. It is proved that the culturological analysis is geared towards revealing the naturally evolved practice within a particular sphere of life, derived from the cultural codes. The article reviews key areas of cultural analysis of law. It is revealed that the study of artistic texts, cinematographic works, judicial acts, texts of agreements, as well as customs and traditions used by co-actors in the joint creation of performance results, is an effective tool for selecting the appropriate normative structure to frame these relationships. The use of tools from cultural analysis is positioned as a necessary stage in the study of the institute of joint performance due to its original genetic affiliation to cultural phenomena. As part of the sociological analysis of institute of joint performance, it is proposed to use such techniques as secondary data analysis, questionnaires, expert surveys, content analysis, and SWOT analysis. The need to study institute of joint performance through the application of tools of economic analysis of law, including the theory of incentives, the theory of performance optimization, and normative economic analysis is argued. It is concluded that the use of cultural, sociological, and economic analyses of law will enable the identification of limits and boundaries of state-legal intervention in the field of art. The use of this triad of methods should precede the application of special legal methods.
Is Effective Altruism Effective?
Authors: Balashov D.V.
Published: December 2024

In the early 21st century, effective altruism (EA), a philosophical and social movement developing ideas of classical utilitarianism, started to gain popularity in the USA and European countries. It has attracted followers from various fields, including philosophers, economists, entrepreneurs, and philanthropists. As its name implies, effectiveness (maximum benefit) of actions taken serves as the bedrock for the EA movement. But how high is this effectiveness really? To assess it, the author of the article suggests addressing the crucial issue of EA – helping the world’s poorest countries. This problem also occupies a central place in development economics, a branch of economics that is closest to EA and aimed at helping the poorest countries and their inhabitants. In this regard, the article compares the key approaches to effectiveness in development economics. It is concluded that effectiveness is understood in different ways and it is often achieved by opposite tools. To demonstrate the logic leading to such discrepancies, the author of the article identifies a number of criteria that allow, with a certain degree of convention, combining the theories into several groups: idealists (Thomas Pogge, Jeffrey Sachs), missionaries (Paul Romer, Paul Collier), fatalists (Daron Acemoglu, James Robinson), and realists (William Easterly, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo). The author comes to the conclusion that EA is not a magic cure for all diseases, but only one of the possible tools for solving world problems. And although it is impossible to talk about its global effectiveness, in particular aspects it is effective, which indicates the development of general utilitarian ethics.
Cancel Culture in Russia: From Rejection to Limited Application?
Authors: Fishman L.G.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the evolving attitudes towards cancel culture in Russia, a phenomenon that originated in the West. Until recently, negative assessments prevailed, largely due to several features inherent in cancel culture. Notably, among these are fear; the spread of alienation up to direct betrayal by colleagues, relatives, and acquaintances; self-affirmation at the expense of victims; and practices of public self-deprecation. Another reason was Russia’s own historical experience of cancel culture, which fostered a wary and negative attitude towards it. The dominant view of cancel culture in Russia contributes to the overlooking of some of its key aspects, as well as the uncritical reception of exaggerated critiques from Western right-wing conservative (“republican”) reviewers. There are serious premises at the heart of Western cancel culture that cannot be eliminated in any society where double standards exist. Cancel culture directs its attention toward the powerful and wealthy, from media figures to brands and companies. In this regard, it has a distinctly egalitarian and democratic aspect. In Russia, assessments of cancel culture have recently shifted from being overwhelmingly negative to more moderately positive. For example, the cancellation of concerts by certain artists for their real or perceived anti-patriotism is framed as the application of cancel culture to them, with Russian civil society involved. The justifications for these actions resemble those seen in the West. Appeals to the democratic aspect of cancel culture, which were previously met with skepticism, are now emerging. In this form, cancel culture may be seem by the political elite as a safe and controllable phenomenon. However, the author of the article believes within the Russian context, the moral and other costs associated with the spread of cancel culture seem unacceptable.
Diversity and population structure of Criollo Lechero Tropical and Romosinuano cattle breeds in Mexico
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Martínez-Rocha Ricardo E , Parra-Bracamonte Gaspar Manuel ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ramírez-Valverde Rodolfo ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Núñez-Domínguez Rafael ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, García-Muñiz José G ,   Universidad Autónoma Chapingo
Published: December 2024

Background: The assessment of genetic diversity, population structure, as well as within and across breed relationships using DNA markers is essential to develop conservation and genetic improvement programs. Objective: To assess the genetic diversity and population structure of Criollo Lechero Tropical (CLT) and Romosinuano (ROMO) cattle breeds in Mexico and compare them with other Criollo and Spanish breeds. Methods: The study included CLT and ROMO genotypes from the 65k Axiom©BovMDv3 array. Genomic data of Criollo and Spanish breeds were retrieved from a repository. Genetic diversity across breeds was evaluated by pairwise Wright's FST, principal components, and structure analysis. Results: Observed and expected heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, and effective population size (Ne) were 0.31, 0.30, -0.018 and 56 in CLT, and 0.32, 0.31, -0.023 and 99 in ROMO, respectively. Wright's FST indicated that both breeds are related to American Criollo and some Spanish cattle. ROMO cattle showed more significant Spanish ancestry than CLT. Conclusions: This study presents novel evidence indicating that, although the Ne of these breeds is small, they are still diverse and can be used as genetic reservoirs in conservation programs.
Calidad de la atención en salud con enfoque de género en MujerESalud, la estrategia de atención integral en salud de Bogotá
Authors:   Secretaría Distrital de Salud, Valencia Aguirre Salomé , Pineda Restrepo Bibiana del Carmen ,   Secretaría Distrital de Salud, Acosta Silva Natalia ,   Secretaría Distrital de Salud, Rincón Vega Ana Milena ,   Secretaría Distrital de Salud, Ibáñez Sastoque Sandra Milena ,   Secretaría Distrital de Salud
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Identificar las percepciones que el personal de salud y las mujeres usuarias tienen acerca de la calidad de la atención en salud con enfoque de género en la estrategia “Servicios Integrales de Atención en Salud” (MujerESalud), implementada por la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá en 2023, para brindar atención integral en salud a las mujeres de la ciudad, en el marco de las iniciativas, políticas y programas derivados del Plan Distrital de Desarrollo 2020-2024 “Un nuevo contrato social y ambiental para la Bogotá del siglo XXI”.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cualitativo, de diseño fenomenológico, de alcance descriptivo y narrativo. Se entrevistó a 44 personas, entre gestores, personal de salud y usuarias de nueve centros de atención de Bogotá en donde se implementó la estrategia.

Resultados: La experiencia fue positiva para las mujeres usuarias, así como para el personal vinculado a la estrategia. No obstante, también se identificaron algunas oportunidades de mejora y barreras que se deben eliminar para garantizar una mejor calidad y acceso a los servicios de salud de las mujeres de la capital.

Conclusión: La estrategia MujerESalud logró mejorar la calidad de atención con enfoque de género entre las beneficiadas, mediante la asignación de citas por medicina general y enfermería en un plazo menor a tres días y la capacitación del personal de salud en atención con enfoque de género. Asimismo, logró articularse con la oferta de servicios de las Manzanas del Cuidado. No obstante, futuras experiencias requieren ampliar la oferta de servicios, para lograr la atención integral en salud, oportuna y resolutiva para las mujeres.
DECOLONIALIDADE: A INTERAÇÃO DOS SABERES NO CENÁRIO DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Pinheiro Cicera , Pimentel Lopes Jr. Orivaldo
Published: December 2024

Resumo: Este artigo pretende analisar o conhecimento construído sob a perspectiva teóricas e metodológica decolonial com o objetivo de discutir brevemente sobre as possibilidades de compreender as relações sociais a partir da interação de saberes. Realçando a importância de rever o quadro conceitual moderno a fim de entender como o projeto civilizatório na América Latina reflete no cenário do século XXI. Essa proposta é importante porque problematiza a forma como a homogeneização do pensamento afetou outras formas de conhecimento sobre o outro, bem como a ótica decolonial rebate tal posicionamento. Para tanto, serão objetos de análise, literaturas que dão suporte à discussão sobre a interação interdisciplinar e dialógica que orienta esse trabalho.
Arrival Infrastructuring at a Southern European Gate: Public Action and Spaces in Palermo, Italy
Authors: Bovo Martina , Bully Eléonore
Published: December 2024

This article investigates how the interplay of different actors has shaped the arrival of newcomers in the city of Palermo in Southern Italy. The recent debate on arrival infrastructures is currently developing in Central Europe, where arrival has been experienced as part of a reception crisis starting in 2015. Within this framework, Southern European contexts represent interesting fields of observation, both for the way arrivals are deployed and for the type of public action that has been mobilized. Here, arrivals are often linked to further departures; infrastructuring processes involve a wide range of in/formal actors, which can be inscribed into a Southern (European) definition of public action. Stemming from two research projects in urban studies, the article unpacks how different actors channeled newcomers’ arrivals between 2015 and 2020. Methodologically, the work builds on qualitative methods and fieldwork, as well as on documents and discourse analysis. It highlights the interplay of a robust pro-hospitality political discourse, a broad—and partly informal—public action around it, everyday infrastructuring practices, and how they spatialized into diverse arrival spaces. In Palermo, public action takes roots in a specific urban historical trajectory of the city, through actions and spaces that lie between formality and informality and that often also reveal resourceful aspects.
Multiscalar and In/Formal: Infrastructuring Refugee Arrival in Disempowered Cities
Authors: Schemschat Norma
Published: December 2024

This article explores how refugee arrival is infrastructured in declining cities in the US, France, and Germany, examining whether urban shrinkage affects local practices of facilitating the arrival and emplacement of newcomers. In doing so, it reveals how refugee arrival is infrastructured across scales and by a bricolage of actors operating on a spectrum of in/formality. While a great deal of arrival infrastructuring takes place locally, the municipalities themselves were found to be notably absent from many processes. As a result of long-term decline and limited municipal budgets, local non-governmental actors, including refugees themselves, have been found to play important roles alongside regional and national foundations in shaping arrival in the cities under investigation. While bottom-up action was found to have considerable impact through various interventions, its influence was constrained as its institutionalization was contingent upon funding from external entities such as foundations. The article introduces the concept of multiscalar arrival infrastructuring to showcase these complex interdependencies and to question the power imbalances and competing interests among actors shaping arrival infrastructures for newcomers in downscaled and disempowered places.