bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Role of Microclimate and Microorganisms in the Deterioration of Stone Heritage: The Case of Rupestrian Church from Jac, Romania
Authors: Ilieș Dorina Camelia , Apopei Andrei-Ionuț , Mircea Cristina , Ilieș Alexandru , Caciora Tudor , Zharas Berdenov , Barbu-Tudoran Lucian , Hodor Nicolaie , Turza Alexandru , Pereș Ana Cornelia , Hassan Thowayeb H. , Safarov Bahodirhon , Noje Ioan-Cristian
Published: September 2024

Natural stone can undergo disaggregation from various causes, including physical actions such as freeze–thaw cycles, temperature and humidity variations, chemical actions such as the solubilization of minerals by organic and inorganic acids, as well as biological actions due to the colonization of organisms that can produce biocorrosion and biomineralization. This research investigates the impact of microclimatic conditions and microbial activity on the physical and chemical integrity of stone heritage, particularly the biodeterioration caused by fungi in the case of a Romanian rock church. Various analytical techniques were employed, including macroscopic and optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and culture-based identification methods, to characterize the mineral composition and microbial contamination of the rock samples. The analyses revealed that the sandstone consists primarily of quartz (over 90%), muscovite (5–10%), and feldspars. The identified fungi included Cladosporium herbarium, Aspergillus niger, and Mortierella hyalina. The SEM images showed fungal hyphae and spores within the kaolinite–illite matrix, indicating significant microbial colonization and its role in rock deterioration. Additionally, microclimatic data collected over a 12-week period highlighted the substantial fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity within the church, which contribute to the physical and chemical weathering of the stone. This study also noted high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and volatile organic compounds, which can exacerbate microbial growth and stone decay. The comprehensive analysis underscores the need for targeted preservation strategies that consider both microclimatic factors and microbial colonization to effectively conserve stone heritage sites, ensuring their longevity and structural integrity.
An Environmentally Sustainable Approach for Raw Whey Treatment through Sequential Cultivation of Macrophytes and Microalgae
Authors: Mamani Condori Marco Alberto , Montesinos Pachapuma Karen Adriana , Gomez Chana Maria Pia , Quispe Huillca Olenka , Veliz Llayqui Nemesio Edgar , López-Rosales Lorenzo , García-Camacho Francisco
Published: September 2024

The cheese industry produces substantial amounts of raw cheese whey wastewater (RW), which requires effective treatment prior to environmental disposal. This study presents an innovative sequential batch system that combines macrophyte and microalgal cultivation for RW remediation. The efficacy of Lemna minor MO23 in first-line photobioreactors (PBR-1) and Chlorella sp. MC18 (CH) or Scenedesmus sp. MJ23-R (SC) in second-line photobioreactors (PBR-2) for pollutant removal was evaluated. The nutrient removal capacity of L. minor, CH, and SC was assessed at optimal tolerance concentrations, alongside nutrient recovery from treated RW (TRW) by PBR-1 for microalgae biomass production. The results demonstrate that all three species effectively purified the cheese whey wastewater. L. minor efficiently removed COD, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate from RW, producing TRW effluent suitable for microalgal growth. CH and SC further purified TRW, enhancing biomass production. CH outperformed SC with a 4.79% higher maximum specific growth rate and 20.95% higher biomass yield. Biochemical analyses revealed the potential of CH and SC biomass for applications such as biofuels and aquaculture. After treatment, the physicochemical parameters of the effluent were within the regulatory limits. This demonstrates that the PBR-1 and PBR-2 series-coupled system effectively purifies and recovers dairy effluents while complying with discharge standards.
An Algorithm for Nutrient Mixing Optimization in Aquaponics
Authors: Kobelski Alexander , Nestler Patrick , Mauerer Mareike , Rocksch Thorsten , Schmidt Uwe , Streif Stefan
Published: September 2024

Controlled environment agriculture is a promising alternative to conventional production methods, as it is less affected by climate change and is often more sustainable, especially in circular and recycling frameworks such as aquaponics. A major cost factor in such facilities, however, is the need for skilled labor. Depending on available resources, there are endless possibilities on how to choose ingredients to realize a desired nutrient solution. At the same time, the composition of the desired solution is subject to fluctuations in fish water quality, fertilizer availability, weather, and plant development. In high-evaporation scenarios, e.g., summer, nutrient solutions might be mixed multiple times per day. This results in a complex, multi-variable task that is time-consuming to solve manually, yet requires frequent resolution. This work aims to help solve this challenge by providing methods to automate the nutrient mixing procedure. A simple mass-balance-based model of a nutrient mixing tank with connections to different water sources, drains, and fertilizers is provided. Using methods of static optimization, a program was developed which, in consideration of various process constraints and optimization variables, is able to calculate the necessary steps to mix the desired solution. The program code is provided in an open-source repository. The flexibility of the method is demonstrated in simulation scenarios. The program is easy to use and to adapt, and all necessary steps are explained in this paper. This work contributes to a higher automation level in CEA.
Can Virtual Reality Cognitive Remediation in Bipolar Disorder Enhance Specific Skills in Young Adults through Mirror Neuron Activity?—A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Primavera Diego , Migliaccio Gian Mario , Perra Alessandra , Kalcev Goce , Cantone Elisa , Cossu Giulia , Nardi Antonio Egidio , Fortin Dario , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Impairments in social cognition and cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder (BD) offer insights into the disorder’s progression. Understanding how interventions impact both cognitive and emotional aspects of social cognition is essential. This study examines the effects of virtual reality (VR) cognitive remediation on cognitive skills, stratified by age, in the early stages of the disorder. Methods: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) compared the efficacy of VR cognitive remediation on cognitive skills between young adults (≤58 years) and older adults (≥59 years) in the experimental group with BD. Results: The experimental group included 39 participants: 24 ≤ 58 years and 15 ≥ 59 years. Young adults showed greater improvement in the Digit Span Backward (0.37 ± 0.35 vs. 0.07 ± 0.26, F = 9.882, p = 0.020) and Digit Symbol tests (3.84 ± 3.05 vs. 1.16 ± 3.8, F = 5.895, p = 0.020). Older adults improved more in the Frontal Assessment Battery (1.00 ± 0.95 vs. 0.54 ± 0.21, F = 5.295, p = 0.027), Matrix test (0.58 ± 0.35 vs. 0.37 ± 0.26, F = 4.606, p = 0.038), and Test of Tale (0.81 ± 0.36 vs. 0.42 ± 0.38, F = 10.115, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Young adults improved more in complex cognitive tasks, while older adults showed better results in simpler tasks. The effectiveness of VR may be due to hyperstimulation of mirror neurons. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Artificial Intelligence Reinventing Materials Engineering: A Bibliometric Review
Authors: Vergara Diego , Lampropoulos Georgios , Fernández-Arias Pablo , Antón-Sancho Álvaro
Published: September 2024

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing many professions and research fields. Thus, the present study focuses on the implications that AI is having on research in materials science and engineering (MSE). To this end, a bibliometric review has been conducted to analyze the advances that AI is generating in MSE. Although expectations for AI advances in the field of MSE are high, the results of this study indicate that we are still at a preliminary stage of development. It is worth highlighting that despite the progress made, the potential of AI in MSE has not been fully exploited and numerous challenges remain to be overcome to achieve effective and widespread implementation. It should be noted that the subarea “Materials structure, processing, and properties” is the one that currently presents the largest number of research works linked to AI. It appears that the United States and China are currently the countries with the greatest involvement in the use of AI in the field of MSE. The emerging themes and thematic map of the topic are revealed, and future research directions are provided.
Fourier Features and Machine Learning for Contour Profile Inspection in CNC Milling Parts: A Novel Intelligent Inspection Method (NIIM)
Authors: Méndez Manuel Meraz , Quintana Juan A. Ramírez , Jardón Elva Lilia Reynoso , Nandayapa Manuel , Vergara Villegas Osslan Osiris
Published: September 2024

Form deviation generated during the milling profile process challenges the precision and functionality of industrial fixtures and product manufacturing across various sectors. Inspecting contour profile quality relies on commonly employed contact methods for measuring form deviation. However, the methods employed frequently face limitations that can impact the reliability and overall accuracy of the inspection process. This paper introduces a novel approach, the novel intelligent inspection method (NIIM), developed to accurately inspect and categorize contour profiles in machined parts manufactured through the milling process by computer numerical control (CNC) machines. The NIIM integrates a calibration piece, a vision system (RAM-StarliteTM), and machine learning techniques to analyze the line profile and classify the quality of contour profile deformation generated during CNC milling. The calibration piece is specifically designed to identify form deviations in the contour profile during the milling process. The RAM-StarliteTM vision system captures contour profile images corresponding to curves, lines, and slopes. An algorithm generates a profile signature, extracting Fourier descriptor features from the contour profile to analyze form deviations compared to an image reference. A feed-forward neural network is employed to classify contour profiles based on quality properties. Experimental evaluations involving 60 machined calibration pieces, resulting in 356 images for training and testing, demonstrate the accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed NIIM for profile line tolerance inspection. The results demonstrate that the NIIM offers 96.99% accuracy, low computational requirements, 100% inspection capability, and valuable information to improve machining parameters, as well as quality classification.
Perceptions of Young People Regarding the Tax on Sweetened Drinks in Poland and an Assessment of Changes in Their Consumption in Terms of Taxation
Authors: Wierzejska Regina Ewa , Wiosetek-Reske Agnieszka , Wojda Barbara
Published: September 2024

In 2021, the tax on sweetened beverages was introduced in Poland. It is worth knowing how consumers, especially young people, perceive the tax and whether there are any changes in the consumption of such drinks. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 and analyzed a convenience sample of young people’s attitudes towards the effectiveness of the tax as well as beverage consumption in the second year of the tax’s implementation. This study was conducted using a questionnaire method among 334 young people (167 school students and 167 university students). The vast majority of the study participants (84%) had heard about the introduction of the tax (there was no statistically significant difference between the school students’ and the university students’ knowledge). Of these, 90% knew that beverages with added sugar are taxed, but only 43% were conscious that beverages with sweeteners are also subject to the tax. Forty percent of those surveyed believed that the introduction of the tax could reduce beverage consumption, while 35% denied this possibility. The view that the tax would have a beneficial effect on reducing drink consumption was statistically significantly more frequently expressed by school students compared to university students (55% vs. 25%; p < 0.05). Of those who were aware of the tax, 31% declared they drank fewer beverages following its introduction, while 58% reported that they had not changed the amount they drank. About 33% of the respondents said they drank sweetened beverages several times a week. According to the study, as a result of the tax, almost one-third of surveyed young Poles reported drinking less beverages than before the tax.
Application of Life Cycle Assessment in Beer Production: Systematic Review
Authors: D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Vinci Giuliana , Maddaloni Lucia , Ruggeri Marco , Savastano Marco
Published: September 2024

The production of beer, a beverage of global cultural and industrial importance, has a significant impact on the environment due to the use of natural resources and the emissions generated during the various stages of the production process. Therefore, this article examines the sustainability of beer production through a review of literature articles that have used Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to assess its environmental impacts. A systematic literature review was conducted by selecting peer-reviewed articles published between 2001 and July 2024 using databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar. The search included studies analyzing different stages of the beer life cycle, from raw material production to packaging and distribution, using specific keywords related to LCA and brewing. The results showed that energy use and packaging are the two critical aspects identified in the review, which represent a significant part of the environmental footprint. However, it is important to note that the available studies on the subject are few and heterogeneous and they use different methodologies, impact categories, and functional units, which complicates the comparison and synthesis of results, limiting the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Recommendations were made to improve sustainability, including the adoption of more efficient technologies, the use of recycled materials for packaging, and the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices. These strategies could aim to significantly reduce the overall environmental impact of beer production.
Combining Historical and Molecular Data to Study Nearly Extinct Native Italian Grey Partridge (Perdix perdix) at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Greco Claudia , Tabarroni Cristiano , Pellegrino Irene , Lucentini Livia , Brustenga Leonardo , Sorbini Lorenza , Mucci Nadia
Published: September 2024

The grey partridge (Perdix perdix Linnaeus, 1758), is a polytypic species with seven recognized subspecies, including P. p. italica (Hartert, 1917), which is endemic to Italy. Until World War II, the species was widespread across Europe but severely declined due to anthropogenic causes, jeopardizing the Italian subspecies gene pool. Genetic characterization and haplotype identification were performed by analyzing the 5′-end of the mitochondrial control region (CR). A total of 15 haplotypes were detected, seven of which were present in the population before 1915. Among them, three haplotypes were never detected again in the individuals collected after 1915. Interestingly, eight of the 15 haplotypes detected in Italian museum samples belonged exclusively to individuals collected after 1915. The obtained data highlight a high presence of specimens originating from other European populations and, despite all the conservation efforts, suggest an uncertain situation of the subspecies in Italy. This research was strongly backed up by extensive bibliographic research on historical documents, allowing the identification of hundreds of restocking events all over Italy. This is an integral part of this research and has laid the foundations for identifying and circumscribing historical periods in which introductions from the rest of Europe had different pressures, aiming to define a baseline.
Proteomic Profile of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in the Brain after Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhalation
Authors: Lallai Valeria , Lam TuKiet T. , Garcia-Milian Rolando , Chen Yen-Chu , Fowler James P. , Manca Letizia , Piomelli Daniele , Williams Kenneth , Nairn Angus C. , Fowler Christie D.
Published: September 2024

Given the increasing use of cannabis in the US, there is an urgent need to better understand the drug’s effects on central signaling mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as intercellular signaling mediators that contain a variety of cargo, including proteins. Here, we examined whether the main psychoactive component in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), alters EV protein signaling dynamics in the brain. We first conducted in vitro studies, which found that THC activates signaling in choroid plexus epithelial cells, resulting in transcriptional upregulation of the cannabinoid 1 receptor and immediate early gene c-fos, in addition to the release of EVs containing RNA cargo. Next, male and female rats were examined for the effects of either acute or chronic exposure to aerosolized (‘vaped’) THC on circulating brain EVs. Cerebrospinal fluid was extracted from the brain, and EVs were isolated and processed with label-free quantitative proteomic analyses via high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Interestingly, circulating EV-localized proteins were differentially expressed based on acute or chronic THC exposure in a sex-specific manner. Taken together, these findings reveal that THC acts in the brain to modulate circulating EV signaling, thereby providing a novel understanding of how exogenous factors can regulate intercellular communication in the brain.
Platelet and Lymphocyte-Related Parameters as Potential Markers of Osteoarthritis Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Salamanna Francesca , Pagani Stefania , Filardo Giuseppe , Contartese Deyanira , Boffa Angelo , Angelelli Lucia , Maglio Melania , Fini Milena , Zaffagnini Stefano , Giavaresi Gianluca
Published: September 2024

Background: Platelets and lymphocytes levels are important in assessing systemic disorders, reflecting inflammatory and immune responses. This study investigated the relationship between blood parameters (platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), lymphocyte count (LINF), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)) and osteoarthritis (OA) severity, considering age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Methods: Patients aged ≥40 years were included in this cross-sectional study and divided into groups based on knee OA severity using the Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grading system. A logistic regression model, adjusted for confounders, evaluated the ability of PLT, MPV, LINF, and PLR to categorize OA severity. Model performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity was assessed using ROC curves. Results: The study involved 245 OA patients (51.4% female, 48.6% male) aged 40–90 years, 35.9% with early OA (KL < 3) and 64.1% moderate/severe OA (KL ≥ 3). Most patients (60.8%) were aged ≥60 years, and BMI was <25 kg/m2 in 33.9%. The model showed that a 25-unit increase in PLR elevates the odds of higher OA levels by 1.30 times (1-unit OR = 1.011, 95% CI [1.004, 1.017], p < 0.005), while being ≥40 years old elevates the odds by 4.42 times (OR 4.42, 95% CI [2.46, 7.95], p < 0.0005). The model’s accuracy was 73.1%, with 84% sensitivity, 52% specificity, and an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI [0.675, 0.805]). Conclusions: Higher PLR increases the likelihood of moderate/severe OA, suggesting that monitoring these biomarkers could aid in early detection and management of OA severity. Further research is warranted to cross-validate these results in larger populations.
The Importance of the Concentration of Selected Cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, TNF-α) and Inflammatory Markers (CRP, NLR, PLR, LMR, SII) in Predicting the Course of Rehabilitation for Patients after COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Mińko Alicja , Turoń-Skrzypińska Agnieszka , Rył Aleksandra , Mańkowska Katarzyna , Cymbaluk-Płoska Aneta , Rotter Iwona
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: In the course of COVID-19, there may be an excessive immune response of the body with the release of large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, causing a “cytokine storm”, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The COVID-19 pandemic has shown how important an integrated approach to health care is, with physiotherapy being one of its fundamental aspects. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential relationship between the level of selected cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, TNF-α) and inflammatory markers (CRP, NLR, PLR, LMR, SII) and the duration of rehabilitation in patients after COVID-19. Methods: The examined patients participated in a comprehensive rehabilitation program, which included breathing exercises, aerobic training, and strength and endurance training. Peripheral venous blood samples were also collected from each patient. Results: Factors such as gender, smoking status, IL-10, and the presence of pneumonia during infection were significantly associated with the length of rehabilitation after COVID-19. Conclusions: The course of rehabilitation after COVID-19 may depend on many factors, including smoking, the presence of pneumonia due to infection, and some parameters of inflammation.
Post-Traumatic Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain: A Narrative Review of Understanding, Management, and Prognosis
Authors: Park Hyun-Jeong , Ahn Jong-Mo , Ryu Ji-Won
Published: September 2024

This study provides an updated overview of the clinical characteristics of post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain (PTNP) resulting from dental procedures or facial trauma, addressing its etiology, prevalence, evaluation, management, and prognosis. PTNP arises from injury to the trigeminal nerve, which governs sensory and motor functions in the maxillofacial region. The prevalence and characteristics of PTNP vary considerably across studies, with a reported prevalence ranging from 1.55% to 13%. The predominant causative factors are dental procedures, particularly third molar removal and implant placement. While gender distribution varies, a trend towards higher incidence in females is observed, particularly within the 40–60-year age group. Anatomically, the mandibular nerve is frequently involved. PTNP presents with a spectrum of symptoms ranging from tingling sensations to severe pain. Diagnostic challenges arise due to the lack of standardized criteria and potential overlap with focal neuralgia, necessitating comprehensive evaluation. Misdiagnosis can lead to prolonged patient suffering and unnecessary interventions. Successful management hinges on prompt diagnosis and interdisciplinary collaboration, with early intervention crucial in mitigating progression to chronic pain. Although nerve recovery post-trauma is challenging, preventive measures through accurate evaluation and treatment are paramount. Management strategies for PTNP include non-invasive and surgical interventions, with non-invasive approaches encompassing systemic and local pharmacological management. This narrative review aims to enhance uniformity in PTNP evaluation and treatment approaches, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.
The Impact of Polychlorinated Biphenyls on the Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Moma Megan , Lee Abi , Olson M. Brady , Lemkau Karin L. , Cooper W. James
Published: September 2024

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of 209 highly stable molecules that were used extensively in industry. Although their commercial use ceased in 1979, they are still present in many aquatic ecosystems due to improper disposal, oceanic currents, atmospheric deposition, and hydrophobic nature. PCBs pose a significant and ongoing threat to the development and sustainability of aquatic organisms. In areas with PCB exposure high mortality rates of organisms inhabiting them are still seen today, posing a significant threat to local species. Zebrafish were exposed to a standard PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) for the first 5 days post fertilization, as there is a gap in knowledge during this important developmental period for fish (i.e., organization of the body). This PCB mixture was formally available commercially and has a high prevalence in PCB-contaminated sites. We tested for the effects of PCB dosage (control (embryo water only; 0 mg/L), methanol (solvent control; 0 mg/L); PCB 1 (0.125 mg/L), PCB 2 (0.25 mg/L), PCB 3 (0.35 mg/L), and PCB 4 (0.40 mg/L)) on zebrafish survival, rate of metamorphosis, feeding efficiency, and growth. We found significant, dose-dependent effects of PCB exposure on mortality, feeding efficiency, and growth, but no clear effect of PCBs on the rate of zebrafish metamorphosis. We identified a concentration in which there were no observable effects (NOEC), PCB concentration above the NOEC had a significant impact on life-critical processes. This can further inform local management decisions in environments experiencing PCB contamination.
Initial Experience with the New DERIVO® Mini Embolisation Device for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Balci Sinan , Çay Ferdi , Uysal Aycan , Arat Anil
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to present the outcomes of cerebral aneurysm treatment with the DERIVO® mini Embolisation Device (DMD), which is compatible with microcatheters with 0.021-inch inner diameters. Consecutive patients treated with DMD were identified retrospectively. Patient and aneurysm characteristics, procedural findings, clinical outcomes and follow-up imaging results were evaluated. A total of 44 target aneurysms in 30 patients were treated with DMD. The mean age of the patients was 49.9 (range, 4–77 years). Four patients with five aneurysms presented with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage. The mean aneurysm size was 6.8 mm (range, 1.5–22 mm). In 29 (65.9%) aneurysms, adjunctive devices were used for endovascular treatment. The overall mortality rate was 3.3% and procedure-related mortality was 0%. Overall neurologic morbidity was 6.6% and none of the patients had a permanent sequela secondary to the procedure. The mean clinical follow-up period was 20.9 months (range, 3 days–46 months) and the mean DSA follow-up period was 10.9 months. A total of 37 (84.1%) aneurysms demonstrated total occlusion (Raymond–Roy [RR 1]); 3 (6.8%) aneurysms had a neck remnant or infundibular filling at the origin of the jailed side branch (RR 2), 4 (9.1%) aneurysms had residual aneurysm filling (RR 3). For those aneurysms treated with bare DMD, the total occlusion rate was 73.3% at a mean follow-up of 16.1 months. In this initial clinical single-center experience, DMD had a good safety profile and efficacy comparable with the currently used flow diverters.
Ultrasound-Induced Release Profile of Nimodipine from Drug-Loaded Block Copolymers after Singular vs. Repeated Sonication: In Vitro Analysis in Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Döring Katja , Sperling Swetlana , Ninkovic Milena , Lanfermann Heinrich , Streit Frank , Fischer Andreas , Rohde Veit , Malinova Vesna
Published: September 2024

Objective: Nimodipine still represents a unique selling point in the prevention of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Its intrathecal effect is limited by a low oral bioavailability, leading to the development of nanocarrier systems to overcome this limitation. This study investigated the ultrasound-induced release profile of nimodipine from drug-loaded copolymers in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within 72 h after a singular versus repeated sonication. Methods: Pluronic® F127 copolymers (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany)were loaded with nimodipine by direct dissolution. Spontaneous and on-demand drug release by ultrasound (1 MHz at 1.7 W/cm2) was determined in artificial cerebrospinal fluid using the dialysis bag method. Nimodipine concentrations were measured at predefined time points within 72 h of sonication. Results: Spontaneous release of nimodipine was enhanced by ultrasound application with significantly increased nimodipine concentrations two hours after a repeated sonication compared to a singular sonication (median 1.62 vs. 17.48 µg/µL, p = 0.04). A further trend was observed after four hours (median 1.82 vs. 22.09 µg/µL, p = 0.06). There was no difference in the overall nimodipine concentrations between the groups with a singular versus repeated sonication (357.2 vs. 540.3 µg/µL, p = 0.60) after 72 h. Conclusions: Repeated sonication resulted in an acceleration of nimodipine release from the drug-loaded copolymer in a CSF medium. These findings confirm the proof of principle of an on-demand guidance of nimodipine release from nimodipine-loaded nanodrugs by means of ultrasound, which suggests that evaluating the concept in an animal model may be appropriate.
Teacher–Student Relationships and Coping Styles in Chinese Children: The Chain Mediating Role of Peer Relationships and Psychological Suzhi
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Yao Chunli , Su Shuowei , Yu Xin , Bai Ningxuan , Gao Shuang
Published: September 2024

As age increases, children will face more and more adversity. How effectively they cope with stress and difficulties of life is of great significance to the development of children’s mental health and academic achievement. However, few studies have explored how different interpersonal relationships and psychological suzhi work together to influence children’s healthy behaviors, particularly healthy coping in adversity. Therefore, this research focused on the teacher–student relationships and coping styles, as well as the chain-mediated effects of peer relationships and psychological suzhi. A total of 688 children (360 boys, 52.3%; Mage = 10.98 and SD = 0.89) completed questionnaires that assessed using teacher–student relationships, peer relationships, psychological suzhi, and coping styles. The results indicated that teacher–student relationships correlated positively with coping styles, peer relationships, and psychological suzhi in children. Besides, teacher–student relationships positively affected coping styles through both the mediating roles of peer relationships and psychological suzhi. This research elucidated the extrinsic and intrinsic factors impacting the coping styles of children, thus providing empirical validation of existing theoretical frameworks. In China, interventions aimed at promoting Chinese children’s positive coping could benefit from strategies focused on cultivating high-quality relationships and enhancing psychological suzhi.
Comparison of Effects of Implicit versus Explicit Learning of a Novel Skill in Young Gymnastic Athletes
Authors: Garnaas Henrik Borge , Tillaar Roland van den
Published: September 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of explicit learning with implicit learning using a dual-task paradigm on learning a novel skill and whether the performance was maintained over an extended period. Methods: Forty-four young children from a local gymnastics club (n = 44, boys n = 10, girls n = 34, age: 10 ± 2.9 years) completed four 30 min front-flip practice sessions over four weeks between pre- and post-test, followed by two retention tests three and six months after the post-test, in which no front-flip practice occurred. Results: Comparable improvements were found beyond baseline performance for both learning conditions over the six-month hiatus. While both groups increased performance at the post-test, neither explicit nor implicit learning groups were able to maintain the achieved performance level into six months of retention. In particular, the explicit group showed a more marked decrease than the implicit group after three months, which was probably caused by the decay of their reliance on the retrieval of declarative knowledge from working memory. Conclusions: The current findings highlight the importance of conducting retention tests over an extended period to monitor performance development after the acquisition of a novel task by different learning methods, as they can differ over time.
Unveiling the Role of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship between Intimate Partner Violence Increases and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Mediation Analysis
Authors: Taccini Federica , Rossi Alessandro Alberto , Mannarini Stefania
Published: September 2024

(1) Background: Experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) can greatly impact victims’ physical and mental health, often leading to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emotion regulation has been identified in the literature as a factor that contributes to the manifestation of PTSD. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the relationship among the increase in IPV victimization (i.e., physical, psychological, sexual, and economic violence), emotion dysregulation, and PTSD symptoms. It has been hypothesized that emotion dysregulation may mediate the increase in IPV occurrence and PTSD symptoms. (2) Methods: 284 women (Mage = 40.92) exposed to IPV were recruited in Italy. IPV experience was screened using the Revised Conflict Tactic Scale questionnaire. A mediational analysis was performed using Rstudio. (3) Results: The findings corroborated the mediating role of emotion dysregulation: the relationship between the increase in IPV and PTSD symptoms appears to be mediated by emotion dysregulation. (4) Conclusions: These findings bolster the existing literature regarding the association between emotion dysregulation and PTSD, underscoring the important role of emotion dysregulation in trauma symptoms. This highlights the significance of prioritizing the treatment of emotion dysregulation as a focal point for intervention and support for those who have experienced IPV.
Optimization Strategy for Thermal Comfort in Railway Stations above Ground Level in Beijing
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Shi Wenxi , Liu Yixuan , Zhang Nan
Published: September 2024

Urban rail transit, a convenient and fast public transportation mode with rapid construction and development, occupies fewer land resources and accommodates large passenger volumes. However, thermal comfort should be given more attention. Stations above ground level experience poor thermal comfort on the platforms, especially in hot summers. This study combines field research with a simulation analysis to propose a strategy for improving thermal comfort on above-ground urban rail transit platforms. This study analyzed the effects of the skylight opening rate, side window opening rate, design of transparent maintenance structure shading, and the platform profile shape on the thermal comfort of above-ground stations using field research, comparative experiments, and a simulation analysis with the PHOENICS (Command Prompt) software. The results indicate that adding longitudinal sunshade louvers to the skylight of the station platform is a cost-effective method to reduce the average temperature and PMV value, thereby improving thermal comfort. Increasing the skylight opening rate can result in a temperature rise. Adjusting the opening rate of the side windows to 20% and adding sun-shading louvers can also significantly enhance the station’s thermal comfort. Taking Wudaokou Station on Beijing Line 13 as an example, the simultaneous installation of additional longitudinal skylight shading and side window shading and increasing the side window opening rate to 20% on the platform resulted in a 2.6 °C decrease in the average temperature, a 4.7% increase in the average wind speed, and a 0.62 decrease in the PMV value, significantly enhancing thermal comfort for passengers. This study confirms that optimizing shading and ventilation systems can significantly reduce the platform temperature and improve passengers’ thermal comfort. This study provides theoretical support and innovative methods for optimizing thermal environments in similar environments.
Enhancing Elderly Well-Being: Exploring Interactions between Neighborhood-Built Environment and Outdoor Activities in Old Urban Area
Authors: Guo Na , Xia Feng , Yu Shiwang
Published: September 2024

China has the world’s largest and fastest-growing elderly population, primarily living in outdated urban residential communities. These aging populations face challenges in outdoor activities (OA) and quality of life (QoL) due to deteriorating neighborhood-built environments (NBE). While upgrading these environments is essential for urban renewal, the specific NBE factors affecting OA and QoL for the elderly are not well understood, creating a gap in existing research. This study addresses this gap by investigating how NBE elements influence the OA and QoL of elderly residents in these communities. This study investigates these interactions by conducting a comprehensive literature review, followed by a questionnaire survey, with data analyzed using factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results reveal that supermarkets and subways significantly impact the physical health of older adults. Psychological health is primarily shaped by daily activities, social relationships, and self-care ability, with roads, hospitals, and bus stops further affecting daily activities. Social relationships are largely influenced by social activities, which are impacted by grocery markets, subways, and parks. Additionally, self-care ability is affected by leisure and daily activities, as well as the accessibility of supermarkets, grocery markets, subways, and buses. These findings offer valuable insights for government-led initiatives aimed at implementing age-friendly retrofitting of NBEs, ultimately enhancing the OA and QoL of the elderly population.
Algorithm-Driven Extraction of Point Cloud Data Representing Bottom Flanges of Beams in a Complex Steel Frame Structure for Deformation Measurement
Authors: Zhao Yang , Wang Dufei , Zhu Qinfeng , Fan Lei , Bao Yuanfeng
Published: September 2024

Laser scanning has become a popular technology for monitoring structural deformation due to its ability to rapidly obtain 3D point clouds that provide detailed information about structures. In this study, the deformation of a complex steel frame structure is estimated by comparing the associated point clouds captured at two epochs. To measure its deformations, it is essential to extract the bottom flanges of the steel beams in the captured point clouds. However, manual extraction of numerous bottom flanges is laborious and the separation of beam bottom flanges and webs is especially challenging. This study presents an algorithm-driven approach for extracting all beams’ bottom flanges of a complex steel frame. RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC), Euclidean clustering, and an originally defined point feature is sequentially used to extract the beam bottom flanges. The beam bottom flanges extracted by the proposed method are used to estimate the deformation of the steel frame structure before and after the removal of temporary supports to beams. Compared to manual extraction, the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 0.89 in extracting the beam bottom flanges while saving hours of time. The maximum observed deformation of the steel beams is 100 mm at a location where the temporal support was unloaded. The proposed method significantly improves the efficiency of the deformation measurement of steel frame structures using laser scanning.
Refined Simulation Study of Hydrodynamic Properties and Flow Field Characteristics around Tandem Bridge Piers under Ice-Cover Conditions
Authors: Gao Pengcheng , Mou Xianyou , Ji Honglan , Gao Feng , Su Haitao , Gao Lina , Shang Zhiqiang , Chang Lei , Che Mingnan
Published: September 2024

Ice cover is a common phenomenon in rivers in cold regions during the winter freeze-up period, leading to the formation of unsteady bypass structures around underwater piers. To reveal the variation law of the flow field around a pier under ice, a numerical calculation method is proposed to obtain the spatial and temporal characteristics of the fluid flow environment around the pier. The verification of flow conditions and convergence showed that the numerical model constructed in this study is reliable and can meet research requirements. The simulation results showed that the ice-cover condition considerably impacted the extent of a scour hole, and in the horizontal plane Z of −0.02 m, the lateral influence of the scour hole was approximately 2.6 times the diameter of the pier, which was approximately 42% wider than that of a scour hole under open-flow conditions; in the area on the side of the pier, there was a peak in longitudinal section y/D of −0.6, and the relative turbulence intensity was 0.4 and 0.51 under open-flow and ice-cover conditions, respectively, indicating that ice cover made the peak more significant in the area.
Enhancing the Surface Structure of Public Filler and Macroscopic Properties of Recycled Cement Mortar Using Polyethyleneimine
Authors: Cheng Chen , Chiang Kingsley , Wang Xinxin , Qu Xiaoyang , Zhu Yazhi , Luo Hui
Published: September 2024

This study introduces an innovative approach by modifying a commonly used filler with a natural compound, PEI. Fine aggregates within the filler were treated with different contents of PEI solutions. This research thoroughly examined the filler’s pore structure, mineral composition, physical characteristics, and surface morphology. Additionally, this study explored the effects of PEI-treated fine aggregates on the macroscopic features of recycled cement mortar, focusing on aspects like flowability, compressive strength, capillary water absorption, and chloride ion permeability. The findings revealed that treating the fine aggregates with PEI decreased the pore volume by up to 28.2% compared to untreated samples. This improvement in the microstructure may originate from the formation of calcite and its by-products, which occupy the pores with nanoparticles generated in situ. Furthermore, the modification with polyethyleneimine resulted in a wavy, plate-like structure that not only enhanced the surface morphology but also improved the compressive strength and chloride ion permeability. Furthermore, it significantly reduced capillary water absorption by 32% to 51%, thereby enhancing the material’s durability. The present study underscores the superior advantages of PEI modification as a promising strategy to enhance the viability of public fine aggregates.
A Perception Survey of Lean Management Practices for Safer Off-Site Construction
Authors: Simukonda Wakisa , Emuze Fidelis
Published: September 2024

Lean practice is recognised for having a great potential in promoting safety risk management in off-site construction (OSC). This paper presents results of a study conducted to assess the impact of lean practice on safety risk management in OSC in a developing country. A quantitative approach using a survey-based questionnaire was adopted. Lean management practices (LMPs) identified from a literature review were empirically tested using a sample survey of 103 OSC contractors. The survey responses were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The top ranked LMPs for safety risk management in OSC included two mistake-proofing practices, i.e., use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and use of hazard warning equipment; two last planner system (LPS) practices, i.e., involvement of workers in safety planning and providing necessary working equipment; and one first run studies (FRS) practice, i.e., critical analysis of work methods. These LMPs are useful in controlling high-consequence safety risks in OSC. Based on evidence found in this study, the paper argues that lean practice can bring great value to safety risk management in OSC in countries where OSC is transitioning.
The Role of Circulating Tumor DNA in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Golara Anna , Kozłowski Mateusz , Cymbaluk-Płoska Aneta
Published: September 2024

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of all gynecological diseases because its diagnosis and treatment still pose many problems. Surgical excision, hormone therapy, radiation, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy for eradicating the main tumor and halting the spread of metastases are among the treatment options available to individuals with ovarian cancer, depending on the disease’s stage. Tumor DNA that circulates in a patient’s bodily fluids has been studied recently as a possible novel biomarker for a number of cancers, as well as a means of quantifying tumor size and evaluating the efficacy of cancer therapy. The most significant alterations that we could find in the ctDNA of ovarian cancer patients—such as chromosomal instability, somatic mutations, and methylation—are discussed in this review. Additionally, we talk about the utility of ctDNA in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy response prediction for these patients.
Model-Informed Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Optimization: A Study on the Impact of PBPK Model Parameters on Physical, Biological, and Statistical Measures in 177Lu-PSMA Therapy
Authors: Abdollahi Hamid , Fele-Paranj Ali , Rahmim Arman
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To investigate the impact of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) parameters on physical, biological, and statistical measures in lutetium-177-labeled radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs) targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Methods: Using a clinically validated PBPK model, realistic time–activity curves (TACs) for tumors, salivary glands, and kidneys were generated based on various model parameters. These TACs were used to calculate the area-under-the-TAC (AUC), dose, biologically effective dose (BED), and figure-of-merit BED (fBED). The effects of these parameters on radiobiological, pharmacokinetic, time, and statistical features were assessed. Results: Manipulating PBPK parameters significantly influenced AUC, dose, BED, and fBED outcomes across four different BED models. Higher association rates increased AUC, dose, and BED values for tumors, with minimal impact on non-target organs. Increased internalization rates reduced AUC and dose for tumors and kidneys. Higher serum protein-binding rates decreased AUC and dose for all tissues. Elevated tumor receptor density and ligand amounts enhanced uptake and effectiveness in tumors. Larger tumor volumes required dosimetry adjustments to maintain efficacy. Setting the tumor release rate to zero intensified the impact of association and internalization rates, enhancing tumor targeting while minimizing the effects on salivary glands and kidneys. Conclusions: Optimizing PBPK parameters can enhance the efficacy of lutetium-177-labeled RPTs targeting PSMA, providing insights for personalized and effective treatment regimens to minimize toxicity and improve therapeutic outcomes.