bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Development: Environmental Friendly Materials or High-Carbon Materials Produced by who?
Authors: Xu Cheng Gang , Duan Rong Quan
Published: March 2013

The comparative advantage of low-carbon and high-carbon materials is determined by one country’ history and natural conditions, which is also the starting point of studying on policy trends for a country to develop low carbon economy. In this paper the method system of international economics is applied, two dimensional coordinate system is set up with environmental friendly materials and high-carbon materials. In this extreme model with only two countries , only to produce and make use of two materials above; we analyzed the cross-border exchange mechanism determined by the relative price level arising from comparative advantage , and then indicated political factors will be an important influence factor in the division of labor between developed and developing countries about carbon reduction.
Estimating the Rebound and Reduce Effect of Low Carbon Policy in Shanghai Industrial Sectors
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhu Da Jian
Published: March 2013

The economic growth in Shanghai is fast and its level of social development has reached that of the moderately developed countries, while shanghai has also been one of the highest CO2 cities. It has adopted many measures to control climate change. The rebound and reduce effect model has been used to analysis the effectiveness of the control of CO2 in the process of low-carbon policy implementation in Shanghai. This model will help policymakers reconsider the implication and limitation of low carbon policy. The results show that currently many policies used in Shanghai are of emergency, and rebound effect is obvious. However, these efficiency-oriented measures are suitable for Shanghai's own development needs.
A Study of the Relationship between Environment Protection and Increase of Foreign Exchange Reserves
Authors: Wang Juan , Kong Yu Sheng
Published: March 2013

Tremendous FER not only heightened China’s credit level and payment capability, but also is a reflection of unbalanced economic development. Frequent trade frictions are accompanied by European sovereignty debt crisis & serious US government financial deficit, which increased the risk of China’ FER. Domestic environment worsened. Longtime incentive for export & FDI attraction at any cost generated domestic inflation, sacrificed our natural resources and the rights & benefits of the working class, and polluted the natural environment. Based on econometrics software and data from year 1991 to 2011, this paper studies the relationship between environmental protection and China’s FER, regression of which reveals an overly high trade dependence. Both trade surplus and CPI are significantly and positively related with the rapid growth of China’ FER. Nevertheless, FER contributed little to the increase of average township disposable income. Furthermore, the generating mechanism as well as the drawbacks of the rapid growth of China’ FER are analyzed.
The Construction of Bus Operation Cycle
Authors: Peng Mei Chun , Feng Bin , Zhang Jie Song , Lin Quan Zhen
Published: March 2013

This paper is involved in the construction of bus operation cycle, through the vehicle test on road to gain the data of bus practical operation mode, using statistical analysis in data processing to construct the operation cycle, and analyze the cycle characteristics. Through the analysis of bus operation characteristics, firstly it was found there were 4 big category modes, namely the idle, constant speed, acceleration and deceleration. Then according to the speed interval of 10 km/h and the acceleration interval of 0.5m/s2, each big category mode including of constant speed, acceleration and deceleration can be divided into small interval modes. Finally, bus operation cycle was constructed, which has 4 big category modes,78 small interval modes. The idle time of the operation cycle constructed constitutes 23.03%, the acceleration time and deceleration time constitute 73.64%, the constant speed time constitutes a little. The average speed is 22.7km/h. The characteristics of bus operation cycle above fits the bus operation rule. The operation cycle modes constructed mainly concentrate on the idle and (20-50) km/h, and acceleration and deceleration range from -1.0 m/s2to 1.0m/s2.
Cluster Analysis of Industrial Transfer Park Based on Carbon Emission Intensity
Authors: Fan Jia Feng , Xu Hao , Yuan Juan , Zhu Bang Zhu
Published: March 2013

The carbon emission control of Industrial Transfer Park is analyzed from four aspects. Metrics of these four aspects are energy consumption per industrial value added of leading industry, carbon emissions intensity of buildings, carbon emissions intensity of transportation and carbon sinks. On this basis, 36 industrial transfer parks in Guangdong province are analyzed with the method of Hierarchical cluster in order to explore practical measures to reduce carbon emissions in the parks.
Using LMDI Method to Analyze the Energy-Related CO2 Emissions in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Wang Ping , Wu Wan Shui , Zhu Bang Zhu
Published: March 2013

In recent years, Guangdong has achieved remarkable performance in economic development; meanwhile it is being faced with problems of increasing CO2 emissions. Following the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, we estimated the energy-related CO2 emissions in Guangdong during the period of 1980-2010. We employed the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) method to decompose the CO2 emissions into energy intensity, energy structure, per capita GDP and population scale effects. Besides, we deduced the calculation methods for the year by year effects, the accumulated effects and the contribution degrees. Using 1980 as the base year, the empirical results show that the accumulated effects of energy intensity and energy structure in 2010 are negative, while those of per capita GDP and population scale are positive. Per capita GDP is the chief positive influence on the CO2 emissions. Energy intensity is becoming more significant; however, its direction is instability. Population scale has a significant positive effect on the CO2 emissions. Energy structure has a negligible negative impact on the CO2 emissions. Some suggestions on CO2 emissions reduction in Guangdong are given based on the analysis.
Study on the Policy Framework for the Development of Green Industry
Authors: Liu Ke Bin , Xie Rong Zhou , Wang Xin
Published: March 2013

Building green industry has become a new trend of industry development in the 21st century. On the basis of the concept for green industry discussed in this paper, we outlined a policy framework to support the development for the greening of industries, which reflected the policy maker, the environment for industrial development, the industry-led innovation, scientific research and development, environmental technologies and the policy instruments.
Development and Characterization of Small-Scale ORC System Using Scroll Expander
Authors: Yun Eunkoo , Kim Hyun Dong , Yoon Sang Youl , Kim Kyung Chun
Published: March 2013

In order to determine the operating characteristics of a small-scale ORC (organic Rankine cycle) system for various low temperature heat sources, experiments were carried out. A small-scale ORC power generation system adopting R-245fa as a working fluid was designed and manufactured. Hot water was used for the heat source and the temperature was controlled by the 110 kW electric resistance heaters which provided up to 150 °C. Cooling temperature was controlled by a circulating water chiller to simulate various heat sink environments. An open-drive oil-free scroll expander directly connected to a high-speed synchronous generator was installed in the ORC unit. The efficiencies of the cycle and the expander, electric power of the developed ORC system with respect to the operating conditions were investigated by experiments. The factors which influence the performance of the oil-free scroll expander were analyzed and discussed.
Optimal Simulation on the Variable Load for an Ultra-Supercritical Boiler
Authors: Zeng Ling Da , Fu Zhong Guang , Zeng Han Cai
Published: March 2013

The characteristics of flow, combustion, heat transfer and NOx emission were numerically investigated under the different load operation for an 1000MW ultra-supercritical swirling opposed coal-fired utility boiler.The simulated results agree well with the measured values. The results show that compared with 100% load all 6 mills in service, 70% load 4 mills is running, pulverized coal burnout rate increase, fly ash carbon content is reduced and NOx emissions reduced greatly, the flue gas temperature is reduced greatly chamber exports, which helps reduce panel superheater hang the tendency of slag, wall maximum thermal load obvious move down to middle burner and the lower between the burner area. The direction information can be provided for mastering the combustion characteristics of this type of boiler, adjusting and optimizing the operation by the research result.
A Solar Power Storage Trolley
Authors: Wu Jian Feng , Li Jian Qing , Gu Le , Wang Lei , Zhang Li Bo
Published: March 2013

In order to improve the accumulating efficiency of solar energy, we designed a trolley with a 2-DOF attitude regulation structure of solar panels. In it, a solar orientation sensor was used to detect the solar orientation and the solar light intensity. A trolley’s differential wheels and a steering engine were used to keep the solar panels of the trolley vertically facing the Sun. At a certain interval, the steering engine adjusted the elevation angle of the solar panels and the trolley’s differential wheels adjusted the solar panels’ azimuth angle. Test experiment results show that the trolley can improve the accumulating efficiency of solar energy.
Heat Pump Heating Systems Combined with Solar Energy and Lake Water Source for the Biogas Digester
Authors: Shi Hui Xian , Xu Kai , Lv Tao
Published: March 2013

A heating system combined with solar energy and lake water source heat pump was designed for 200m3 fermentation reactor．In it could be switched to solar energy power mode, solar power with lake water source heat pump mode and lake water source heat pump mode according to different conditions. Compared with coal fired boiler, initial investment is a little higher, but for annual operating cost , this heating system is only 50% of coal fired boiler’s. But in the next several years, the initial investment can be returned back. For energy saving and economic, it is a suitable heat source for the biogas engineering in suitable area.
Ground Source Heat Pump Air Conditioning System of Vertical Geothermal Heat Exchangers Heat Transfer Process and Design Calculation Method
Authors: Liang Shao Qing
Published: March 2013

Geothermal heat exchanger is an important part of the GSHP air-conditioning system and different from other traditional air-conditioning systems. This article through to the geothermal heat exchanger heat transfer performance analysis and the design, derived from the geothermal heat exchanger length calculation formula, for actual engineering construction to provide a scientific basis.
LCCP Evaluation on Environmental Impact of Air-Conditioning Cold and Heat Source
Authors: Wang Zhi Yong , Wang Han Qing , Liu Chang Rong
Published: March 2013

Several indexes for evaluating the global warming impact, including GWP (global warming potential), TEWI (total equivalent warming impact) and LCCP (life cycle climate performance), are analyzed and investigated from the concept, contents, difference and correlation among them. LCCP is a rigorous method to calculate the cradle-to-grave warming impact of different refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The LCCP index was therein used to analyze overall greenhouse effect of three air conditioning cold and heat source plans for a public building. The results show that the total amount of equivalent CO2 emission from air conditioning heat and cold sources is up to 50,000 tons throughout the life cycle. Indirect global warming impact dominated the LCCP values of cold and heat source systems, which accounts for >96% of overall impact and caused by energy consumption both for producing refrigerant and operating refrigeration and air conditioning equipment. Therefore, increasing the energy efficiency of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment to reduce indirect global warming impact is the key to lowering A/C’ total impact on climate change. The LCCP of water source heat pump is always lower than that of conventional electric water chillers plus gas direct-fired unit, and its carbon emission reduction rates up to 32.4% as compared to the latter. So the overall impact from air conditioning cold and heat source could be effectively reduced through using renewable energy technology.
Energy Saving Analysis on Application of Condensing Heat Recovery to Constant Temperature/Humidity System
Authors: Jwo Ching Song , Chen Ting Yu , Hsu Chi Feng , Chien Ling Yu , Tsai Meng Ying
Published: March 2013

This study aims to investigate energy saving efficiency of condensing heat recovery device installed in constant temperature/humidity system. In the experiment, heat tank (heat exchanger) firstly stores condensing heat, which replaces the role of electric reheating method in traditional constant temperature/humidity system. And then the study discusses the effect of reheating methods, electric heating and heat recovery, on temperature, relative humidity, and electricity consumption in the constant temperature/humidity system. The experimental result shows that the heat recovery device exerts better control on temperature and relative humidity under differential room loads. And by providing additional power dissipation for the water pump and the fan only, it meets the requirement of reheat supply. As a result, overall power consumption of the constant temperature/humidity system reduces by 22.5-38.2%. This study uses the reheat recycled through condensing heat recovery and supplied to the constant temperature/humidity air-conditioning equipment, and indeed reduces electricity consumption of the overall constant temperature/humidity system and maintains a stable temperature and humidity environment.
The Decision-Making Model of Air-Conditioning Options Based on Time-of-Use Electric Policy
Authors: Yue Hai Tao , Chen Kun , Dong Li Tong , Tian Wen Xu , Tan Zhong Fu
Published: March 2013

Over-concentrated load added the generator start-stop frequency and energy consumption, being harmful to the generator running efficiently and economically, dignifying the security and stability of the electricity system. Based on the time-of-use(TOU) price mechanism, this paper suggests superstores take advantage of energy-storage equipment to transfer load and proposes a decision-making model of air-conditioning options. By comparing the costs of the ice-storage air-conditioning with the regular air-conditioning, we find the ice-storage air-conditioning shows much contribution to the power net stability, to energy saving and to the cost decreasing of the superstores.
The SMER Simulation Solution of Air Volume on the Effects of Dehumidifier
Authors: Sui Lu Yan , Miao Xiao Ping , Fan Liang Kai , Jia Dai Yong
Published: March 2013

This paper adopts the Matlab language to program the SMER dehumidifier. Through simulation calculation, the effect of air, inlet air humidity and temperature on SMER was carried out, the relationship among the three factors was also gotten. The influence of humidity on the optimal air volume according to the maximum of the dehumidification is more than the temperature influence. The paper can provide certain basis for the optimal air volume setting.
Application of Genetic Algorithm in Hydraulic Calculation of Capillary Air-Conditioning System
Authors: Li Yong An , Cui Xin Yang , Liu Xue Lai , Zhao Chuan Yang , Liu Zhi Xin , Zhang Qiu Yan
Published: March 2013

This paper briefly introduced the design and operation features of capillary air conditioning system, put forward multi-objective optimization problem in hydraulic calculation process, using genetic algorithm to solve multi-objective optimization problem and established a capillary air-conditioning system hydraulic calculation model. The problems of hydraulic calculation were transformed into the problems of multi-objective optimization Pareto optimal solution using genetic algorithm (GA). And GA was applied to illustrate corresponding to specific model. The optimal specific frictional resistance under the different flow conditions was described here.
Design and Experimental Study on the Urea-SCR Converter Exhaust System of the Marine Diesel Engine
Authors: Jiang Lei , Huang Jun
Published: March 2013

Urea-SCR catalytic converter can effectively reduce the NOx emission of diesel engines, but meanwhile catalytic converter will cause some pressure loss in the exhaust system, which has negative influences on the engine performances. In this paper, the method of theoretical analysis calculated the pressure loss of the SCR catalytic converter, and designing a new type of exhaust gas pipe. Through the test to meet the design requirements,the results can provide a reference for optimum design of SCR catalytic converters and assembling.
A Study on the Effects of EGR on the Performance of Bio-Diesel Engines
Authors: Wang Bin , Xue Yun , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2013

Effects of EGR on the performance of bio-diesel engine were studied on a single-cylinder bench. The results showed that EGR can reduce NOx emission and NOx reduction increased with EGR rate. When EGR increases too much, due to the deterioration of combustion, CO and HC emission increased distinctly. When the EGR rate is lower than 25%, CO, HC and PM emissions increasing is tolerable, which means that 25% EGR rate can be used to improve NOx emission of bio-diesel engine.
Experimental Study of Coal Liquefaction Diesel Combustion and Emissions
Authors: Dai Yu Li , Pei Yi Qiang , Qin Jing , Zhang Jian Ye , Li Yun Long
Published: March 2013

An experimental study was conducted on the combustion processes and emissions of direct coal liquefaction (DDCL) and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels in a single-cylinder research diesel engine. Under low load conditions (5 bar IMEP), the results show that the ignition delay is shorter for the FT fuel compared with the reference fuel (Euro IV diesel), while it is longer for the DDCL fuel compared with the reference fuel. However, under high load conditions (10-15 bar IMEP), the Cetane number (CN) shows insignificant effects on the combustion process. The premixed heat release peaks of the fuels are correlated with the ignition delays, i.e. shorter ignition delay led to lower premixed heat release peak. For the emissions, both the FT fuel and the DDCL fuel show similar NOx level to the reference fuel under the conditions tested. The two liquefaction fuels show significantly lower soot emissions than the reference fuel, specifically for the higher load conditions (>=10bar IMEP), and the FT fuel produced the lowest level of soot emissions among the three fuels. For the FT and DDCL fuels, the HC emissions are generally lower than those of the reference fuel, except for the lowest load condition, which DDCL produces slightly higher HC emission. However, the CO emission of FT is lower than the reference fuel while the CO emission of DDCL is higher. In terms of unregulated emissions, the two liquefaction fuels show insignificant difference compared with the reference fuel at very low levels.
Numerical Simulation of Fuel Consumption of Vehicle Cold Start in Low Temperature
Authors: Fu Jing Shun , Feng Zheng
Published: March 2013

Building an engine cooling system model by GT-cool to analyze the fuel consumption of vehicle cold start in the low temperature environment stage.Getting the relationship between fuel consumption of vehicle cold start and the temperature of cooling water by model calculation.Providing a basis for optimizing the design of the engine cooling system.
Research on the Application of Solar Collector and Phase Change Technology
Authors: Feng Guo Hui , Zhao Lei , Fei Ying Chao , Huang Kai Liang
Published: March 2013

There’s a sufficient solar energy resource in our country, but the shortcomings of its discontinuity and instability makes it hard for a further development. The research on multiple applications of the solar collector and phase-change material cannot only reduce the building energy consumption, but also improves the thermal environment. This method can make the solar energy into a continuous, stable and available state which has a very important meaning to alleviate the increasingly serious energy status. This article mainly introduced two united systems of solar energy collector with phase change energy storage wall and phase change composite floor, theoretical basis and actual operation effect for these two systems are introduced summarily in the article.
Numerical Simulation on Fouling of the Steam Cooler in a Power Plant
Authors: Cheng Wei Liang , Di An , Liu Li Chao , Liu Lian Guang
Published: March 2013

The fouling in the heat transfer devices of power plants, not only changes the fluid flow state designed, but also counteracts the heat transfer, so the equipment safety and economy are reduced. The adsorption and deposition about fouling is a quite complicated chemical and physical process, and it is difficult to obtain an accurate and reasonable model and its engineering application. Therefore, under some different conditions such as velocity, temperature and concentration of fouling and pipe position, the numerical simulation is obtained in the power plant steam cooler. The temperature inside the pipe is gradually decreased with the velocity. At the same time, the fouling increases in the first half of the exchanger pipe, and easily appears near regions of entrance more and more. The fouling may occurs at the outlet position of the heat exchange tube. Under the same conditions the heat exchange tube near centre line is easier to bring the fouling.
Numerical Simulation of Muzzle Flow Field of Gun Based on CFD
Authors: Guo Zhang Xia , Pan Yu Tian , Wang Yong Cun , Zhang Hai Yan
Published: March 2013

Gunpowder was released in an instant when the pill fly out of the shell during the firing, and then formed a complicated flow fields about the muzzle when the gas expanded sharply. Using the 2 d axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equation combined with single equation turbulent model to conduct the numerical simulation of the process of gunpowder gass evacuating out of the shell without muzzle regardless of the pill’s movement. The numerical simulation result was identical with the experimental. Then simulated the evacuating process of gunpowder gass of an artillery with muzzle brake. The result showed complicated wave structure of the flow fields with the muzzle brake and analysed the influence of muzzle brake to the gass flow field distribution.
A New Buck/Boost Bidirectional DC/DC Converter Base on Soft Change Current Network
Authors: Wang Dian Long , Shen Dong Jie
Published: March 2013

There is a problem about high current and voltage spikes in Buck and Boost converters,it will damage main power devices .Therefore, a novel Buck/Boost bidirectional DC/DC converter based on soft change current (SCC) network was given, and Buck and Boost modes ware particularly analyzed.Groups parameters of L/C/D are selected and simulated with Saber software. The optimal combination of L/C/D was ascertainned by observing groups switch waveforms. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the voltage and current spike of the power switches is deeply descreased by SCC network.
Solar Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Key Technology
Authors: Wen Feng
Published: March 2013

In order to solve the problem of solar energy photovoltaic grid technology, a kind of photovoltaic grid-connected simulation device based on FPGA was designed. It consists of FPGA, auxiliary fly-back switch power, full-bridge DC/AC converter, LC filter and some protecting circuit etc. The device has high speed of MPPT adjustment and tracking of frequency and phase, with frequency ranging from 30Hz to 55Hz, deviation is below 0.4%, stability is above 99.6%, converting efficiency is up to about 80%.
Application of PLC in On-Line Monitoring and Diagnosis for XLPE Cables
Authors: Shi Bang Li , Chen Xin Gang , Yang Yi
Published: March 2013

In the perspective of realizing the on-line monitoring of power cable insulation, to analyze the changes of the traveling wave when the cable fault, thus we can found the power cable failures in advance and deal with it timely in order to make sure the safety and stability of power cables. Owing to high reliability, small size, strong anti-interference ability and application to cruel industrial environments of PLC, on-line monitoring system based on PLC has good resistance to interference of electric and magnetic and good stability.
Research of Grid-Connected Operation Control of PV Cells in Microgrid
Authors: Wang Xiao Hui , Cheng Hai Xin , Wang Dong , Guo Wei Liang , Cheng Han Chi
Published: March 2013

A control model of PV cell operating in grid-connected state is researched in this paper. Based on the equivalent circuit of PV (Photovoltaics) cell and its mathematical model, a general engineering control model of photovoltaic array is established. The MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracing) algorithm is realized by controlling the duty cycle of BOOST circuit to tracing the maximum power, and the control strategy of double closed-loop control of voltage and current guarantees stable DC output and rapid dynamic responses of current. The simulation model can provide guidelines for practice engineering design.
Role of Government on China Smart Grid Construction
Authors: Cai Sheng Xia , Ren Yu , Wang Ya Min
Published: March 2013

With more and more attention are paid on energy security and environment, smart grid has become an important direction of future energy industry development all over the world. In order to fully exploit the role of government on the development of smart grid, this paper first discusses the insufficiency of government function execution during the construction of smart grid in China at present from the respects of smart grid planning, laws making, supervising, electric structure reform, and management function execution. Then this paper presents some suggestions on the fulfillment of government function on the construction of smart grid. Many measures should be taken from both macro and micro field to fulfill the government function on the construction of smart grid to realize healthy development of smart grid.
Sizing and Locating of Distributed Generations Based on Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Chen Ying , Liu Lian Guang
Published: March 2013

Optimal configuration of distributed generations (DGs) is an important topic in the developing of intelligent power grid. In this paper, to finding out the optimal sitting and sizing Of DGs in distribution network without considering the newly increased load nodes, an economical model is built that regards the annual minimum operating cost as the objective function. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the particles trapping in local optimum, the chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm (CPSO) is adopted. Through testing on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system, the analysis results showed that the algorithm is effective.
Smart Home Design Based on Wireless Transmission Technology
Authors: Xu Tao , Hu Zhi Hua , Wang Jian Jun , Song Hai Hui
Published: March 2013

In this article, a design of smart home control system which based on wireless transmission technology was presented. Through WIFI and 3G technology, users can monitor the equipments of their homes in everywhere. With WIFI’s ADHOC characteristics, equipments can be added or reduced easily. The high data transmission speed capability of WIFI and 3G makes the video monitor become possible. Both UDP and TCP protocol are used, thereinto, the UDP protocol is used to transmit video data, while the TCP protocol is used to transmit the data with security requirements. In order to save cost, Lwip protocol stack have been used to implement the requirements of this design.
Application Research on Lightning Rod for Shielding Failure Prevention Based on JG and ZGUT Type Tower
Authors: Yu Ren Shan , Yang Zhen Wei , Jin Tao
Published: March 2013

After an analysis on the shielding failure trip of accidents of two kinds of tower type for JG and ZGUT in 220kA transmission line in Jiujiang,the main causes of shielding failure trip on the JG and ZGUT type tower which the protection angle of middle phase jumper of JG type tower and middle phase wire of ZGUT type tower are too large were summarized.The measures to prevent the JG and ZGUT type tower from shielding failure were proposed in which TH-lightning rod above cross arm of suspension point of the Jumper string of JG ype tower and the middle phase conductor of ZGUT type tower were reasonably installed.The measures prove to be an effective way.
Design of Transformer Temperature Measurement System Based on Fiber Grating
Authors: Li Yan Qing , Sun Kai Hang , Zhao Liang , Wei Fang Yuan
Published: March 2013

This paper expounds the hardware and software system design for the transformer temperature measurement based on optical fiber grating. According to the linear relationship between the Bragg grating center wavelength and temperature, the FBG-T-01 optical fiber sensors constitute a sensor array through the WDM principles. And the tunable release-pearl ROM cavity (F-P) filtering demodulation method is used for wavelength detection. On the basis, the polynomial fitting algorithm for peak is proposed. The software system could find anomaly problem of transformer winding problem timely. The measurement point temperature and the temperature rise rate both are the criterions to judging transformer winding temperature normal or not. The experimental results show that optical fiber grating temperature measuring system is accurate and stable. It can perform the transformer temperature measurement task favourably.
Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch Using Multi-Objective Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Jun
Published: March 2013

Dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) is an important optimization task for power plants. The problem is a highly constrained multi-objective optimization problem involving conflicting objectives with both equality and inequality constraints. This paper introduces two objective functions of DEED model: the lowest generation cost and the smallest carbon emissions with power balance constraints, unit output constraints and unit ramp rate limits. Then the paper presents a multi-objective hybrid evolutionary algorithm (MHEA) to solve the DEED model. The MHEA is a hybrid optimization algorithm based on orthogonal initialization, improved differential operation with migration strategy, parameter adaptive control, multi-objective selection strategy and analytic hierarchy process based fuzzy technique (AFT). Numerical results of one test system demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach. Compared with other classical methods, the proposed approach gets better result.
On-Line Parameters Identification for Excitation System Based on Small Population-Based Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Lu Li Fang , Qi Huan
Published: March 2013

Parameters identification of excitation system plays a key role for the power system stability analysis. In this paper, a small population-based particle swarm optimization (SPPSO) approach is used to acquire excitation system on-line model quickly and accurately. In the proposed approaches, three operations are introduced to improve the performance of the algorithm, namely mutation operation, DE-acceleration operation and migration operation. Furthermore, the BPA-FV practical model and the PMU data are adopted. The simulation results of the model obtained by SPPSO have been compared with that of the model obtained by other approach in literature and our reformulations. The SPPSO algorithm shows better performance on the convergence as well as computation time and effort.
Structural Vulnerability Evaluation Model Based on Improved Electrical Betweenness
Authors: Zheng Liang HUA , Lin Tao , Xie Chun Gui , Fan Xing Yuan , Cai Lia Xia , Fang Fei
Published: March 2013

Several blackouts happened in a worldwide area, it exposures the vulnerability of continual increment of power system scale. The weak link has a strengthening effect on the spread of the accelerated failure, and leads to the occurrence of cascading failures, it's a serious threat to the security and stability of the grid. Based on the existing researches, the article proposes a new structure vulnerability evaluation model based on improved electrical betweenness, and verifies the rationality and effectiveness of this model by the analysis of the IEEE-39 node system.
Research on Photovoltaic Power Capacity Optimization in Microgrid
Authors: Gao Jun Ying , Tian Jian She
Published: March 2013

An optimization model to get the optimal capacity of photovoltaic connected to the microgrid aimed at reducing the loss and satisfying the node voltage constraints is proposed. A microgrid with n nodes and n-1 feeders is taken as an example to set a linear programming model. Taking a microgrid with 11 nodes, first sensitivity analysis method is applied to determine the best location of the photovoltaic power, and then the optimal value of the PV power capacity is calculated by the Matlab programming. Finally, the curve of the relationship between loss and the capacity of the ptotovoltaic power is plotted through Matlab, which qualitatively verifies the feasibility and practicality of the method.
Analysis of LVRT Influence on the Neighboring Wind Farm and a New Protection Scheme for DFIG
Authors: Jiang Hui Lan , Zhang Man
Published: March 2013

Low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability has become more important to the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) as the penetration of wind power increases. This paper analyses the LVRT influence on the neighboring wind farm, mainly considering the crowbar action during a fault. On the basis, a new protection scheme for the DFIG is proposed to prevent the negative influence, primarily based on a rotor series resistor and a reactive power compensation device. And the adaptive control strategy is presented. Through the simulation, characteristics of DFIG in the neighboring wind farm with and without the protection scheme are compared. The results show that the cascading crowbar action can be avoided by the protection scheme and it is advantageous for grid voltage restoration.
The Catalytic Disproportionation of Glycerol over Supported Alkaline Metal Carbonate Catalysts
Authors: Mao Fu Lin , Li Wen Sheng , Zhou Xiao Ping
Published: March 2013

The catalytic disproportionation of glycerol was investigated over active carbon (AC) supported catalysts. Typically, 1,2-propanediol, acetic acid, and acetaldehyde were found as the major products of the reaction over catalysts Na2CO3/AC and K2CO3/AC. Other products, such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and acetone were also formed as the minor products in the reaction. All of these compounds are defined as oxygenate products (OP). The highest OP yield of 65.3% (carbon mol) was obtained over Na2CO3/AC at 593 K.
Investigation on the Mode of Investment Management and Value Compensation in Pumped Storage Power Plant
Authors: Wang Feng , Qian Xiang Dong , Liu De You , Zhou Ling , Xia Lin
Published: March 2013

This paper briefly introduces the development of constructing Pumped Storage Power Plant(‘PSP’ for short) and discusses the income form of PSP’s gained subject as well as the existing problems. Meanwhile, the modes of investment management and value compensation and the corresponding differences are also analysed. According to the principle of ‘responsibility for individuals and revenue sharing’, the related mathematical model is developed in this paper, and the ‘quota system’ mode of investment management and value compensation in China is also proposed. The mode is beneficial to the reform of investment and construction system, and can provide fresh energy to the development of construction of PSP in China.
Improvement of Box-Type Substation for Port
Authors: Song Dong Sheng , Yan Li Wei
Published: March 2013

It indicates problems existing in ZB series substations of current power supply system at port, such as large size and improper structural design, poor power supply security and unsuitability to environment of the port, etc. It proposes solutions to improve the structure, security of box-type substation and environmental suitability, etc, which can solve the problems existing in current port power supply system.
Fuzzy Control of Deaerator Water-Level in Nuclear Power Station Based on MATLAB/Simulink
Authors: Liao Yan Fen , Guo Shao De , Yang Guang , Ma Xiao Qian
Published: March 2013

Deaerator system was one of major components in nuclear power station, and the deaerator water level control was important for safe and stable operation of the nuclear power station. The deaeration system was difficult multi variables process system, which was strong coupling between water-level and pressure. In this paper, a self-tuning fuzzy PID controller was designed based on PID control and fuzzy control theory, which instead of PID controller to control deaerator water-level. Simulation based on Simulink, simulation results showed that the overshoot was 40% by using traditional PID controller, while the overshoot was 12% by using self-tuning fuzzy PID controller. On the other hand, a fuzzy decoupling control scheme was designed to solve the problem of strong coupling between water-level and pressure. Simulation based on Simulink, simulation results showed that the adaptive fuzzy PID decoupling control could get quicker response, overshoot and regulation time was shorter.
Periodic Solution of a Class Predator-Prey System with Rate Stocking and Time Delay
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Yi Fei
Published: March 2013

In this paper, we investigate of a class of predator-prey system with rate stocking and time delay, the existence positive periodic solution by using coincidence degree theory. We obtain the sufficient conditions which guarantee existence of the positive periodic solution of the periodic system. Some new results obtained.
Research on Pressurizer Pressure Control System Based on BP Neural Network Control of Self-Adjusted PID Parameters
Authors: Zhang Guo Duo , Yang Xu Hong , Lu Dong Qing , Liu Yong Xiao
Published: March 2013

The pressurizer is an important device in nuclear reactor system, and the traditional PID regulator is usually used to control pressure system of pressurizer in modern reactors. However, it is difficult to get precise parameters of traditional PID controller, and the PID control method is relied on the precise mathematical model badly. And the response of PID controller is often shown by the large amount of overshoot and long setting time which are not the desired results. For such a large inertia and complex time-varying control system, the tradition PID controller can not obtain the satisfy control results. A controller based on BP neural network in this paper has a simple structure, and the parameters of PID controller can be tuned on-line by the neural network self-learning characteristics. The computer simulation experiment demonstrates that the BP neural network PID controller performs very well when compared with the tradition PID regulator in minimal overshoot and more quick response.
Synchronization of Laser Measurement Technology Application on Automatic Orientation
Authors: Tong Zhi Neng
Published: March 2013

This paper introduces the process of shield tunnel construction in the advanced synchronous automatic laser measurement oriented technology, overcomes the artificial measurement process cannot get boring machine real-time posture and deviation, construction more difficult to control, affect the construction progress and shortcomings, the similar project construction provides effective reference.
Analysis and Calculation of Substation’s Internal Electric Field Intensity Caused by Incoming and Outgoing Lines
Authors: Jiang Hui Lan , Zeng Kai , Liu Jian Min , Li Chao
Published: March 2013

In ultra-high voltage transmission system, the electrostatic induction generated by power frequency electric field will exerts negative effects on the electrical automation equipment within the substation and, in particular, will leads long-term harm to staffs’ health. However, researches of electric field environment in ultra-high voltage transmission system merely concentrate on calculating the electric field intensity caused by three-phase limited length wire or three-phase infinite wire within the transmission, without considering the method of calculating half-infinite wire which represents “one end is fixed, while the other end is infinite length’s wire”. Consequently, a new method named “Charge Simulation-Genetic Algorithm (CS-GA) method” which can efficiently calculate power frequency electric field inside of the substation is proposed in the paper. In CS-GA method, the effective calculating length is determined by genetic algorithm method’s optimization, which in other words, half-infinite length wire is substituted for limited length wire in calculating the electric field intensity. The simulation results indicate that CS-GA method is a relatively accurate, efficient and reasonable way on calculating the power frequency electric field inside of the substation.
Research on Control Strategy of Electronic Ballast for Electrodeless Lamp
Authors: Shen Yu , Lin Guo Qing
Published: March 2013

This paper presented a novel resonant frequency tracking control method for electronic ballast of electrodeless lamp. The proposed method enables the operation frequency of the electronic ballast to continuously track the resonant frequency of the resonant tank by detecting the phase difference between input voltage of resonant tank and resonant capacitor voltage . Using the proposed control method, the ballast can be optimized to operate with its maximum power capability and guarantee good load matching, even when the resonant tank parameters vary. The detailed implementation of the controller was presented in this paper. Simulation and experimental results verify the performance of the proposed control method.
An Improved Harmonic Current Detection Method Based on Variable Forgetting Factor RLS Algorithm
Authors: Vu Minh Guang , Han Wei , Wang Da Zhi , Li Yun Lu
Published: March 2013

The effects of compensating and restraining the power system harmonics using active power filter are determined by the detection precision and its dynamic response characters. To improve both of them, a harmonic current detection algorithm based on variable forgetting factor Recursive Least-Squares algorithm is presented. The occurrence of the dynamic process is identified firstly by the judgment condition which is given by the algorithm, and then the forgetting factor is assigned dynamically, so that the convergent speed is significantly improved. The algorithm overcomes the impact of low-pass filter of traditional p-q or ip-iq algorithm, and releases the contradiction cased by the conflicting requirements of forgetting factor value between steady process and dynamic process. So it has better dynamic performance. Simulation and experiments prove the validity and feasibility of the approaches.
Eddy Current Detecting of Leak Hole in Pipeline by Wavelet Packet Signal Analysis Method
Authors: Shen Yue , Zhang Ling Tan
Published: March 2013

In the process of detecting leak hole in pipeline by intelligent pig with eddy current measuring method, the cut off effect of eddy current field in the closed cross section of leak hole in steel plate is weak due to geometric deformation of eddy current on the edge of the hole produced by destroyed drilling. As a result, the measured signal is very unobvious. Meanwhile, owing to the rough surface of steel plate, the periodic interference generated by movement of the detecting probe cannot be eliminated or be inhibited easily by conventional signal processing methods for its large amplitude and approximate frequency band with the leak hole signals, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of measured signal is very low and the accurate identification of leak hole cannot be guaranteed. The wavelet transform, with characteristics of time-frequency localization and multiple scales, is a useful and effective method for identifying singularity of the signals and adapts to detect the transient signal or extract non-stationary information in the signals with strong periodic interference and noise. The reconstructing signal SNR will be increased greatly in eddy current detecting of leak hole in the pipeline with wavelet packet analysis of the signal by constructing the self-defined cost function based on maximum SNR to obtain optimal wavelet packet basis function. This ensures good detection and location of leak hole in the pipeline.
Parameter Optimization of Steam Generator Feedwater Controller Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Xiang Rui , Yu Rui , Ke Zhi Wu , Zhang Ke Long
Published: March 2013

The U-tube steam generator(SG), as the joint of primary and secondary circuits, is one of the crucial components in a PWR plant. Because of the swell-and-shrink phenomena, it is very difficult to control the water level of the steam generator. Presently the three-element controller in cascade configuration with two PID controller is widely use. But the determination of the six optimal PID parameters of the cascade controller is a major problem. This paper studies the application of the particle swarm optimization(PSO) methods in determining the parameters of cascade controller of SG water lever. The SG is modeled in Simulink and the PSO algorithm is implemented in MATLAB. Comparing with conventional PID parameter, the proposed method is more efficient in improving the step response characteristics while controlling the water level of SG.
Study on Design Process of the Mechanical and Electrical Products
Authors: Jiang Yong Ming
Published: March 2013

The paper analyzes the process characteristics of mechanical and electrical products' industrial design, and emphasizes that products' industrial design adequately use more methods in premises of considering more technology and other restrictions. The comprehensive method is more suitable for the industrial design of new mechanical and electrical products, which can truly achieve the human-centered design aim.
ARM Based Low Cost Integrated Navigation System Technology Research
Authors: Wen Hao , Hu Da Ke
Published: March 2013

This paper mainly studies the integrated navigation system technology of GPS and microelectronic mechanical system (MEMS) concerning on embedded processor S3C2440A. The system has the advantages of low cost, fast speed and small size, etc., which give wide prospects in a personal navigation application. This paper introduces the system hardware circuit structure design, emphasize on GPS navigation, MEMS inertial device for auxiliary navigation system software algorithm, and use Matlab to do data simulation on system model. The results show that GPS/MEMS inertial component integrated navigation obviously improved relative to separate GPS navigation or Strapdown inertial navigation in the accuracy and application value.
The Acoustic Character Analysis of the Sandwich Composite Structure with Cavum in Water Backing
Authors: Luo Zhong , Shi Yue Dong
Published: March 2013

Sandwich composite is a new structure of acoustic stealth structure, implementing both loading and acoustic stealth. The syntony of cavum can improve the absorption effect in low frequency. This paper uses FEM analysis method, which has been proved theoretically with typical cases and experimental results, to analyze the effect of sandwich material parameter and cavum physical in water backing. The reflection and absorption coefficient in different module, poisson ratio, and density of sandwich, and different depth, location, diameter, interval, and shape of cavum are analyzed. It can support the acoustic design of underwater sandwich composite structure with cavum.