bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Consistency of White Advantage and the Heterogeneity of Nonwhite Disadvantage: Neighborhood Trajectories over Two Decades in the Lives of Multiple Birth Cohorts
Authors: Candipan Jennifer , Sampson Robert
Published: December 2021

Sociological research has established the greater exposure of African Americans from all income groups to disadvantaged environments compared to whites, but the traditional focus in studies of neighborhood stratification obscures heterogeneity within racial/ethnic groups in residential attainment over time. Also obscured are the moderating influences of broader social changes on the life-course and the experiences of Latinos, a large and growing presence in American cities. We address these issues by examining group-based trajectory models of residential neighborhood disadvantage among whites, Blacks, and Latinos in a multi-cohort longitudinal research design of over 1,000 children from Chicago as they transitioned to adulthood over the last quarter century. We find dynamic consistency among whites and dynamic heterogeneity among nonwhites in exposure to residential disadvantage, especially Blacks and those born in the 1980s compared to the 1990s. Racial and cohort differences are not accounted for by early-life characteristics that predict long-term attainment. Inequalities by race in trajectories of neighborhood disadvantage are thus at once more stable and more dynamic than previous research suggests, and they are modified by broader social changes. These findings offer insights on the changing pathways by which neighborhood racial inequality is produced.
Sonoscopy in Clinical Practice
Authors: Singh Deepak Raj
Published: December 2021

Not available
Successful en bloc resection with acceptable cosmesis of a right recurrent giant scalp-orbital AVM causing severe disfigurement: a case report
Authors: Karki Anjan Singh , Shresha Dipendra Kumar , Sedain Gopal , Shilpakar Sushil Krishna
Published: December 2021

Scalp arteriovenous malformation (AVM) accounts for only 8.1% of all AVM cases. These lesions are made up of an abnormal fistulous tangle of tortuous dysmorphic network of vessels “vascular nidus” directly connecting between the feeding arteries and draining veins, without capillary connection, located within the incision subcutaneous layer.

With time, these congenital lesions may evolve and enlarge and clinically manifest with variable features. The only effective method of preventing evolution of these malformations is to exclude the lesion completely from the circulation. Involvement of the orbit and face may cause severe facial disfigurement, proptosis, visual obstruction and even facial palsy. These lesions may be complicated by ulceration, infection and profuse bleeding.

We present a rare case of 40-year-old female with a recurrent congenital scalp-orbital AVM causing proptosis, visual obstruction on the right eye with severe facial disfigurement. The lesion was successfully excised with acceptable cosmesis and removal of the visual obstruction. A brief literature review, imaging findings and the surgical techniques have been presented.
Correlation of Inferior Vena Cava diameter and IVC Collapsibility Index with Central Venous Pressure (CVP) in critically ill surgical patients
Authors: Singh Deepak Raj , Thapa Anurag Singh , Limbu Yugal , Pandey Sampanna , Shrestha Swechha
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Central Venous Pressure is a valuable parameter in the management of critically ill surgical patients in the ICU. Non-invasive methods to extrapolate the volume status of the patient can aid clinicians in expediting proper treatment. The objective of this study is to find a correlation between Inferior Vena cava (IVC) diameter and collapsibility index (CI) with Central venous pressure (CVP) in critically ill surgical patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included  60 critically ill patients from  September 2020 – 31st February 2021. We recorded the patient's age, sex, heart rate, blood pressure, CVP, volume status, IVC minimum, and maximum diameter. After taking consent and explaining the procedure to the patient, the maximum IVC anteroposterior diameter was noted at the end of inspiration and end of expiration in centimeters. IVC collapsibility index was calculated using the formula ([IVCdmax-IVCdmin]/IVCdmax*100%). Following this, the CVP of the patient was measured.
Results: Among the patients evaluated, 32 were females. The mean age of the participants was 44.90 ± 15.76 years. The mean central venous pressure maintained was 11.10 ± 2.11cm H2O with an inferior vena cava collapsibility index of 29.69 ± 8.75. There was a negative correlation between CVP and IVC collapsibility index (%), which was statistically significant (r = -0.701, n = 60, p < 0.01). A strong positive correlation between CVP and maximum IVC diameter (r = 0.712, n = 60, p < 0.01) and minimum IVC diameter (r = 0.796, n = 60, p < 0.01) was found.
Conclusion: Inferior Vena Cava diameter and IVC Collapsibility Index can be used as a reliable substitute to central venous pressure to determine the patient's volume status.
Comparative leaf morphology and anatomy on ten taxa of Calycanthaceae Lindl. (Laurales)
Authors: Paudel Niroj , Heo Kweon
Published: December 2021

The comparative leaf morphology and anatomy of ten species of family Calycanthaceae have been studied. Leaf anatomy is very comparable to each other in cell shape and their arrangement. Collected leaves were preserved in FAA and alcohol series were applied for LM and SEM. The layer of epidermis is two in Idiospermum and one in rest of other genera. The structure of vascular bundle is V-shape in Sinocalycanthus and Calycanthus whereas U-shape in Idiospermum and Chimonanthus. The density of trichome is higher in Calycanthus than other genera. The presence of trichome, stomata, epidermal layer, density of trichome and stomata, and leaf surface are represented the distinction among the genera. The adaxial surface of Idiospermum and Sinocalycanthus are smooth whereas of Calycanthus and Chimonanthus are rough. The crystals are present in Calycanthus, Sinocalycanthus and Chimonanthus whereas absent in Idiospermum. The shape of the vascular bundle, density of trichome, epidermal layer, and crystals play important role in the phylogenetic relationship of Calycanthaceae.
An assessment of the Human-Elephant conflict in Sapahi and Kakadi Village of Kolhabi Municipality, Bara, Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Akshay , Timilsina Sachin , Gautam Subash , Subedi Prajwol Babu
Published: December 2021

This study aims to assess the trend, extent, and impact of Human-Elephant conflict (HEC) in Sapahi and Kakadi villages of Bara district. Direct field observation, Household Survey (HHs), Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and Key Informant Interview (KII) were carried out during November and December 2016 where 11 wards were selected purposively from two village and 50 households from each village. Also, 12 KII and one FGDs from each ward were performed. SPSS 20.0, and MS Excel 2016 were used to calculate mean, percentage, frequency count, and chi-square test was used to determine the variation in people’s perception towards wild Elephant conservation. The total average damage of paddy per year per HHs was 834.1 kg followed by wheat 153.7 kg, and mustard 2.12 kg. The economic value of average annual crop damage per year per HHs accounted for NRs. 22669.70. Among total HHs, 84% of the respondents said that the trend of crop damage is increasing, 10% found no differences in crop damage, and remaining 6% said decreasing. During the last 5 years, 7 people were injured, and 6 were killed. The lighting fire, beating drum, and making noise were the local techniques used by all the respondents to chase away elephant for the mitigation of HEC. The farmers also guard their fields at night time. 60% of the respondents are positive towards elephant conservation and remaining 40% seems no significance for conservation. The compensation scheme for crop damage should be properly implemented in the study area to minimize the HEC. A sustained conservation education program especially focusing on female, farmers, and nomads are recommended to conserve wild elephants, and their habitat.
Species diversity of macrophytes in Jagadishpur Reservoir, Kapilvastu District, Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary R.K. , Devkota A.
Published: December 2021

The present research was conducted for quantitative study and diversity analyses of aquatic macrophytes dwelling littoral zone of Jagadishpur reservoir, Kapilvastu district in three seasons, as winter (December), summer (April), and rainy (August). Altogether 58 species of macrophytes were recorded in study site, of which highest number of species (54) was occupied by angiosperms followed by three species of pteridophytes and one species of alga. These macrophytes varied in different morphological groups, viz., emergent, submerged, and rooted-floating leaf type. Maximum number of species were represented by emergents (39) followed by rooted-floating leaf type (12) and submerged (7) macrophytes. There was distinct seasonal variation in the distribution of macrophytes: based on importance value index, Nelumbo nucifera (IVI = 22.87), Scripus sp. (IVI = 28.01), Ipomoea carnea (IVI = 24.67) and Typha angustifolia (IVI = 29.01) were dominant in the winter; Nelumbo nucifera (IVI = 20.05), Cynodon dactylon (IVI = 20.07) and Ipomoea carnea (IVI = 21.17) were dominant in the summer and Nelumbo nucifera (IVI = 23.8) and Scripus  sp. (IVI =25.56) were dominant in the rainy season. The highest species diversity (H’) of macrophytes was observed during summer (3.451), followed by rainy season (3.135) and winter (3.008). The luxuriant growth of aquatic macrophytes evidenced the highly productive nature of the lake, while the dominance of emergents among the growth forms indicates the encroachment of littoral vegetation, indicating a successional trend toward marsh meadow.
IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI DAN HUBUNGAN KEKERABATAN SALAK PONDOH, SALAK MADU, SALAK GULA PASIR DI DESA SUMBER KECAMATAN WONOSALAM JOMBANG
Authors: Zuliatin Iska - , Faizah Mazidatul
Published: December 2021

Indonesia mempunyai jenis buah-buahan yang sangat banyak, salah satunya yaitu buah salak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ciri morfologi maupun  kekerabatan antar tanaman salak pondoh, salak madu serta salak gula pasir di desa sumber kecamatan wonosalam kabupaten jombang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan februari-juni 2021 dengan memilih 5 sampel pada setiap jenis tanaman salak dengan parameter penelitian tinggi tanaman, panjang daun, panjang pelepah daun, kerapatan duri, tekstur duri, bentuk duri, warna permukaan atas daun dan warna permukaan bawah daun. Penelitian dilaksanakan  secara langsung dan disusun menggunakan metode deskriptif dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis cluster berupa dendogram kemiripan. Berdasarkan pengamatan morfologi vegetatif ciri morfologi antara tiga jenis salak tersebut mempunyai beberapa ciri morfologi yang mirip, Diantara tiga jenis tanaman salak tersebut secara besar dikelompokkan mempunyai hubungan kekerabatan yang jauh dengan menunjukkan nilai kemiripan sebesar 54%-74%.
PARTISIFASI MASYARAKAT DESA LAHAM DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN DESA DI DESA LAHAM KECAMATAN LAHAM KABUPATEN MAHAKAM ULU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Authors: Bakrie Ismail , Luhat Frederikus Paskalis Dani Purnama
Published: December 2021

Keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan secara langsung sangat bermanfaat bagi pengembangan dan pelestarian hutan secara umum, khususnya Hutan Desa.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran Masyarakat Desa dalam pengelolan Hutan Desa di Desa/Kampung  Laham, apakah sudah sesuai dengan yang diharapkan Pemerintah atau para pemerhati kelestarian hutan.Penelitian dilaksanakan di kawasan Hutan Desa Laham/Kampung Laham Kecamatan Laham Kabupaten Mahakam Ulu pada bulan Juni 2020 dan selesai bulan Agustus 2020,  pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di lapangan dan lembaga-lembaga terkait yang mengurus Hutan Desa.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa  masyarakat mempunyai peran sangat besar dalam pengelolaan Hutan Desa,  keterlibatan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan Hutan Desa mulai dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan penanaman berbagai jenis tanaman sebagai bentuk pengayaan jenis-jenis tanaman di Hutan Desa sampai keterlibatan masyarakat dalam kegiatan perlindungan dan pemeliharaan.
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МЕТОДІВ РОЗПІЗНАВАННЯ ОБЛИЧ
Authors: Шумейко О.О. , Шевченко В.В. , Жульковський О.О. , Жульковська І.І
Published: December 2021

Розпізнавання облич завоювало свою популярність завдяки своїй унікальності серед інших біометричних методів, тому що має всі характеристики ефективної системи безпеки. Проте існують певні обмеження у системі розпізнавання облич, які необхідно дослідити та вивчити. Так, наприклад, вирішення таких проблем, як зміна освітлення, розташування об’єкту, емоцій, віку тощо потребують застосування спеціальних алгоритмів. Використання цих алгоритмів та їх комбінацій певною мірою сприятимуть вирішенню подібних задач. У роботі досліджені та застосовані аналіз основних компонентів, лінійний дискримінантний аналіз, незалежний аналіз компонентів та класифікація за допомогою машини опорних векторів. Для реалізації перелічених алгоритмів було використано мову Python та бібліотеку машинного навчання Scikit-learn. Проведено порівняння продуктивності систем на основі точності. Результати досліджень показують, що продуктивність SVM-класифікатора з використанням NMF є найгіршою з точки зору точності передбачення. Ефективність інших моделей, що були натреновані з використанням методів ICA, PCA та LDA, коливається в припустимих межах. Модель, навчена з використанням алгоритму PCA, працює з найвищою точністю передбачення.
МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ УМОВ ФАЗОВИХ ПЕРЕТВОРЕНЬ В МІКРООБЛАСТЯХ МЕТАЛЕВИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ПРИ НАДГЛИБОКОМУ ПРОНИКАННІ МІКРОЧАСТИНОК
Authors: Середа Б.П. , Баскевич О.С. , Соболев В.В. , Середа Д.Б.
Published: December 2021

Проведено моделювання стійкості хімічних зв’язків під дією ударних хвиль та вільних електронів в товщі металічних мішеней на основі квантово-механічних розрахунків. При цьому проведені аналітичні розв’язки рівняння Шредингера в еліпсоїдальних координатах та отримані залежності енергії хімічних зв’язків при різних умовах, які наглядно показують умови їх стійкості. Залежно від швидкості, температури, властивостей частинок та оброблюваної поверхні утворюються покриття та відбувається імплантація в поверхневий шар. При цьому можуть використовуватися потоки частинок, що мають широкий діапазон швидкостей — від десятків до декількох тисяч метрів в секунду та тисків до десятків ГПа. Для з'ясування умов надглибокого проникнення мікрочастинок у металеві перешкоди запропоновано ідею дестабілізації мікроструктури металевих матеріалів в обмежених мікрооб'ємах під час дії зовнішніх фізичних факторів. Рух мікрочастинки в металевій мішені вздовж каналу супроводжується високим тиском, впливом мікросекундних високоенергетичних ударних хвиль, що призводять до руйнування хімічних зв'язків. Рух мікрочастинки в товщині металу можливий тільки при попаданні мікрочастинки у фронт ударних хвиль і при дотриманні масштабного фактора мікрочастинок. В обмеженому обсязі відбувається розпад кристалічного стану і перехід його в стан холодної плазми, яка подібна до рідкого стану. Цей стан спостерігається протягом процесів розпаду та утворення хімічних зв'язків. Експериментально встановлені умови надглибокого проникання мікрочастинок та показано, що агрегатний стан під час надглибокого проникання може змінюватися від плазмового до аморфного або кристалічного стану.
ФІЗИКО-МЕХАНІЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ОТРИМАННЯ ЗАХИСНИХ ПОКРИТТІВ ДЕТАЛЕЙ, ЛЕГОВАНИХ КРЕМНІЄМ, ТИТАНОМ ТА БОРОМ
Authors: Середа Д. , Кругляк Д. , Бєлозір І. , Кіфорук Д. , Проломов А.
Published: December 2021

В роботі розглянуто отримання борованих, силіційованих та титанованих покриттів при нестаціонарних температурних умовах. Проведено термодинамічний аналіз та фізико-механічне моделювання формування покриттів на мідних сплавах, на кожній із стадій нанесення покриттів в умовах СВС. Визначено концентрації газоподібних продуктів, для розрахунків рівноважних складів порошкових СВС-шихт у режимі теплового самозаймання знаходили дані по двом термодинамічним властивостям: ентальпії Нт і енергії Гиббса GТ. Для розрахунків рівноваги хімічних реакцій  у досліджуваній системі, а також для визначення рівноважних складів компонентів, що брали участь у цих реакціях, визначали константи рівноваги всіх незалежних реакцій, можливих у даних шихтах. Проведені розрахунки і їх аналіз дозволяють одержати інформацію про механізм отримання покриттів в умовах СВС, а застосування програмного аналізу — виконати об'єктивну оцінку складу порошкових СВС- шихт для регулювання даного процесу. Основними продуктами в газовій фазі, у діапазоні температур 1200—1800 К, є йодиди, фториди, хлориди хрому, алюмінію, бору, титану й кремнію. В результаті розрахунків концентрації газоподібних продуктів СВС- реакцій встановлено, що при температурі 400—750 К відбувається розпад ГТА (NH4Cl, NH4F и I2). З температури 750—900 К, відбувається розпад продуктів реакції, що підтверджується появою продуктів розкладання й різке збільшення кількості молей газу.
Specific Heat
Authors: Sparks L. L.
Published: December 2021

Specific heat is a fundamental property that relates the total heat per unit mass added to a system to the resultant temperature change of the system. This chapter begins with the definition and historical development of specific heat. Thermodynamic and solid state relationships are presented which include discussions about lattice specific heat and the effects of magnetic and superconducting transitions. Data sources for practical applications and methods of estimating specific heat for materials are also included. The chapter concludes with a section concerning the measurement of specific heat at low temperatures.
Electrical Properties
Authors: Fickett F. R.
Published: December 2021

This chapter presents topics pertaining to resistance at cryogenic temperatures: measurement, the resistive mechanisms, and available data. The chapter also presents brief descriptions of the various mechanisms that are operative in producing resistance at low temperatures. The alloys discussed are the nondilute mixtures of metals. An introduction to low-temperature electrical properties of specific metals and alloys is included.
REGULATING COMPENSATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL FISHERMEN AFFECTED BY POLLUTION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Suhaidi Suhaidi , Sutiarnoto Sutiarnoto , Syaiful Azam  , Rosmalinda Rosmalinda
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is known as a maritime state which is associated with marine and fisheries activities. The existence of a harbor, such as the Port of Belawan in Medan City, often causes conflicts in the issue of marine fisheries, especially related to sea pollution. This article investigates the implementation of compensation when traditional fishermen are affected by environmental pollution, especially tankers, its opportunities and challenges in the Indonesian legal context.  This study employed a normative and empirical approach, covering the study sites of North Sumatra and Riau Islands Province, which share the border with the Malacca Strait. To date, there are no rules regarding compensation for fishermen, however, there are some embryonic mode such as the existence of experienced human resources from the Environmental Agency of Riau Islands Province in the implementation of compensation for traditional fishermen affected by pollution of the marine environment. This study encourages the local government (i.e., the provincial government) to give more attention related to the compensation for traditional fishermen who are affected by pollution of the marine environment in the form of Regional Regulations or other policies.
محاولات اغتيال السلطان صلاح الدين الأيوبي من قبل جماعة الحشاشين
Authors: MAHMOUD Ramy
Published: December 2021

كانت جماعة الحشاشين بزعيمها حسن الصباح أحد الأذرع العسكرية الخطيرة للاعتقاد الإسماعيلي في القرن الخامس والسادس الهجريين، فقد أسست دولة مترامية الأطراف تمثلت في عدة قلاع على مساحة جغرافية متصلة حتى أُطلِق عليها بلاد الإسماعيلية. ولكي تبقى الجماعة حصينة ضد الهجمات التي تحيط بها شرقًا وغربًا أسست نظامًا دفاعيًا وهجوميًا -في آنٍ- قائمًا على استراتيجيتين، الاستراتيجية الأولى هي الجيش المنظَّم -بالمفهوم المعاصر-، الذي يستطيع أن يُغير ويكون أداةً لتوسّع الدولة. والاستراتيجية الأخرى هي استراتيجية الاغتيال، وكانت هذه هي الأخطر في عصرها، حيث لم يعهد المسلمون في ذلك العصر مثل هذا الأسلوب في الحروب أو في السّلم؛ رجلٌ يتخفّى بين الناس ثم يثِب على الحاكم أو الشخصية المستهدفة يقتله غيلة دون أن يشعر به الآخرون، ودون أن يهتمّ لنفسه سيُقتَل أم سينجو من هذه الفعلة، وقد سبب هذا الأسلوب الجديد الرعب والفزع في كثيرٍ من الدولة المجاورة ذلك الوقت. ومن الجدير بالذكر أن كلمة assassination الإنجليزية –التي تعني كلمة الاغتيال في العربية- إنما تطوّرت من كلمة الحشاشين، وهذا لشهرتهم بالاغتيالات ونشرهم الرعب في الجغرافية المحيطة بهم سواء في العالم الإسلامي أو في أوربا. وقد اتَّبعتْ جماعة الحشاشين أسلوب الاغتيالات للقادة الكبار، ومن ثم سُموا بالفداوية، وكان من أهم من اغتيلوا على يد هؤلاء الحشاشين أشهر وزراء السلاجقة نظام الملك، ولم يقف الأمر عنده فطالت محاولات الاغتيالات الكثير من القادة العسكريين المسلمين وغيرهم. يعالج هذا البحث العلاقة بين صلاح الدين والأيوبيين -بشكل عام- وبين جماعة الحشاشين؛ من خلال التركيز على الخلفيات الدينية لكل من الفريقين، والمنطلقات التي كانت عند كل واحد منهما التي كانت سببا أساسيا في تأجج الصراع، وتم ذلك من خلال عرض سريع للخلفية العقدية لجماعة الحشاشين الإسماعيلية، كذلك عرض مختصر لما يمثله صلاح الدين الأيوبي وجيشه السني. أما السمة العسكرية والبأس الذي كان عند الحشاشين فقد حاولنا إظهاره من خلال عرض لشخصيتين هامتين في الجماعة هما حسن الصباح وراشد الدين سنان، وعلاقة الأخير بصلاح الدين والشد والجذب الذي حدث بينهما. وذكر البحث المحاولات التي كانت من طرف الحشاشين لاغتيال صلاح الدين الأيوبي معتمدا في ذلك المراجع التاريخية التي كانت معاصرة لهذه الأحداث أمثال المؤرخ ابن أبي شامة وغيره.
أضواء على الوشائج الحضارية الأرتقية في بيت المقدس
Authors: NATSHAH Yusuf
Published: December 2021

مع أن نواة الدولة الأرتقية قامت في مدينة بيت المقدس في ظروف سياسيَّة بالغة التعقيد، وقد تشبه في تعقيدها بعضا من الظروف السياسية التي تمر بها الأمة العربية والاسلامية في هذه الايام، ورغم أن الأراتقة قد تحولوا من القدس مكان نواة دولتهم، إلى الجزيرة الفراتية في ماردين وميافارفين بطريقة مفاجئة، وتحتاج إلى دارسة مستفيضة لبحثها ومعرفة ظروفها ودوافعها، ومع أن الأراتقة بوجه عام لم يتخلوا عن الدفاع عن المدينة بطريقة غير مباشرة رغم بعدهم عنها، إلا أن هذه الدراسة لا تهدف إلى تناول العلاقة السياسية بين مدينة القدس الشريف وهذه الأسرة الكريمة، بقدر ما ترنو وتتطلع إلى استجلاء بعض الاضواء على الوشائج الثقافية التي قامت بين دولة الاراتقة وبيت المقدس. وعلى صعوبة هذا البحث الذي لم يتصدر الاهتمام الكافي من قبل المهتمين والمؤرخين المعاصرين؛ إلا أنه يحدو الكاتب الأمل الكبير في تتبع بعض هذه النشاطات والتمكن من إلقاء الضوء عليها، وبيان أهميتها وقيمتها ودلالة مكانة القدس في وجدان من قاموا بها. سوف تهتم هذه الورقة بدراسة وتحليل معماري وتاريخي لأحد مؤسسات الرعاية الاجتماعية الأرتقية التي تأسست بالقدس، والذي يأتي تصنيفه من ضمن النشاط المعماري النسوي النادر في المدينة المقدسة، ويكستب أهمية قصوى ومكانة مرموقة لكونه يقع على بعد عدة أمتار من أحد مداخل المسجد الأقصى، هذا الرباط المنسوب إلى مدينة ماردين والذي يعرف باسم الرباط المارديني. وشرط في وقفه أن يكون ملاذا ومكانا لايواء من يرد من ماردين زائرا للقدس. وعلاوة على هذا الرباط المهم، فإن الورقة سوف تلقي الضوء أيضا على تحفة فنية نادرة منقولة، لا تزال تزين بفخر إحدى خزائن المتحف الاسلامي داخل جنبات المسجد الاقصى المبارك، ألا وهو الشمعدان الأرتقي الذي صنع باسم أرتق ارسلان ابن ايلغازي وانتقل لاحقا إلى ابنه نجم الدنيا والدين أبي الفتح غازي ابن أرتق، رحمهما الله. كما تسعى هذه الورقة البحثية إلى التطرق إلى العلاقات المعمارية التي سادت بين القدس وبعض الحكام الأراتقة والمدن الأرتقية، خاصة مدينة الموصل التي أرسل صاحبها الاتابك عز الدين مسعود مجموعة من النقَّابين والحجارين لمساعدة صلاح الدين الايوبي في إعادة بناء سور القدس.
الدور الشعبي في الدفاع عن المسجد الأقصى: الرباط نموذجا
Authors: ABUSHAMALLA Sharef
Published: December 2021

تعد حركة الرباط في المسجد الأقصى المبارك من أبرز الوسائل الشعبية التي اجترحها الفلسطينيون خلال السنوات الأخيرة للدفاع عن المسجد الأقصى. وقد أدت -ولا تزال- بصورها المختلفة، دورا ملحوظا في عرقلة المشاريع التهويدية التي تهدف إلى تقسيم المسجد الأقصى المبارك زمانيا ومكانيا، فضلا عن إبقاء قضية بيت المقدس والمسجد الأقصى حاضرة على الأجندة الوطنية والعربية والإسلامية. تسعى هذه الورقة لتسليط الضوء على هذه التجربة وتوثيقها بدراسة ظروف انطلاقها، ومسيرتها ودورها كفعل مقاوم سلمي في الدفاع عن المسجد الأقصى وتثبيت إسلاميته وحصرية الحق الإسلامي فيه، وطرق الاحتلال في محاربتها كواحدة من الأمثلة المعبرة عن دور القوى الشعبية في معركة الدفاع عن المسجد الأقصى.
مجلة دراسات بيت المقدس: ربع قرن من تصنيع المعرفة
Authors: DİAB Abbas
Published: December 2021

تتناول الدراسة مجلة دراسات بيت المقدس ونشأتها منذ ما يزيد عن عشرين عاماً، من حيث تاريخ النشأة والدوافع والأهداف، ومن حيث الأدوات والوسائل. كما تناقش سياسات المجلة التحريرية وشروط النشر بها، وكذلك تسليط الضوء على ما تميزت به مجلة دراسات بيت المقدس عن غيرها من المجلات والدوريات الأخرى. وتتناول الدراسة كذلك اهتمامات المجلة وأبرز الموضوعات التي تناولتها عبر تاريخها منذ نشأتها وحتى الوقت الحاضر.
Updated total ozone climate normals over the territory of Ukraine
Authors: Dvoretska I. V. , Savenets M. V. , Umanets A. P.
Published: December 2021

The study presents the results of analysis of spatiotemporal distribution of updated total ozone climate normals for the period of 1991–2020. It analyzes the changes since the last total ozone climate normals estimate conducted for the period of 1981–2010. The daily data retrieved using TOMS and OMI satellite instruments over the territory of Ukraine allowed calculation of multiyear average values, climate normals for each day of the year, amplitudes, phases and determination coefficients for total ozone seasonal variations. Use of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data allowed establishment of the relation between total ozone and meridional wind changes in the lower stratosphere. The research shows the existence of the regions with higher/lower total ozone content that are not in line with the characteristics of latitudinal distribution. They are formed due to more frequent recurrence of air advection with ozone content that is not typical for the Ukrainian territory, mostly from January to March. The study describes a typical temporal distribution of the total ozone climate normals varying from 285 to 375 Dobson units (D.u.) and analyzes the statistic patterns of deviations distribution and recurrence of extremely high/low total ozone content. The paper emphasizes a small variation of total ozone over the territory of Ukraine. The authors also researched the features of spatial distribution of seasonal variation amplitudes varying within the range of 42–46 D.u. and the specifics of maximum values periods observed from 19 to 30 of March, depending on a region. It was established that, since the previous update of the climate normals, the total ozone decreased for all months with its maximum decrease of about 8 D.u. in winter. However, no increase of recurrence of ultraviolet radiation high levels was observed. Total ozone changes are mainly associated with shifts of meridional wind values to negative ones. This process indicates the increase of recurrence of air advection from the north. The paper also emphasizes the complexness of total ozone changes during the period of research and the lack of consistency of such changes with the circulation factor of summer months.
Variability of thermohaline regime of see water of the Gulf of Mexico in 2005-2017
Authors: El Hadri Yu. , Berlinsky N. A. , Volkov D. Yu. , Slizhe M. О.
Published: December 2021

The Gulf of Mexico is a large, productive, marine and coastal ecosystem providing the coastal residents and neighbouring regions with goods and services. The Gulf of Mexico's water area plays a significant role in shaping the climate across the coastal zone and the thermal state of the region's water also has a major impact on development of atmospheric processes over the Atlantic and Europe. Long-term climate variability throughout the Gulf of Mexico may affect both the strength of the Gulf Stream and heat transfer patterns within the ocean and the economic activity and environmental stability of the entire Northwest Atlantic Region. This work aims at determining the characteristics of variability of temperature regime and salinity of the Gulf of Mexico over recent decades.

The study was conducted based on the Gulf of Mexico Regional Climatology (GOM RC) data, version 2, available at the website of the NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). It analyzes the temperature and salinity values at different depths for the period of 2005-2017. According to the analysis, over 2005-2017 the spatial distribution of the average annual water temperature on the Gulf of Mexico's surface demonstrates its decrease from south to north. Its highest value is observed next to the northwestern coast of Cuba and along the coastal area of the Bay of Campeche, and the lowest temperature is observed at Apalachee Bay located in the northeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico. Though significant horizontal temperature gradients are observed in winter, during the warm period the temperature field is more homogeneous. The minimum average monthly water temperature on the surface is observed in January, the maximum one – in September. The most distinct seasonal changes in temperature are observed in the water of the northern part of the Gulf of Mexico next to the United States' coast. The distribution of average annual salinity of the most of the Gulf of Mexico is homogeneous with the exception of its northern part, especially in the area where the Mississippi River water flows into it, where salinity decreases sharply. Graphs of water temperature and salinity distribution at different depths across different areas of the gulf were constructed in order to determine the water stratification.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Penilaian Produk Virtual Reality Berbasis Website Di PT.Shinta VR
Authors: Bramasta Ridho , Fitriana Masitoh Lisda
Published: December 2021

In the era of increasingly modern technology as it a today industrial growth in the world is growing rapidly, the competition is getting tougher. One of the companies engaged on services, namely PT. Shinta VR. PT Shinta VR is engaged in serving and providing technology services for making learning videos in the field of education and as well as several types of games on interactive three dimensional form. Activities that have been running so far have shortcoming and weakness, especially in creating their product rating system, until now product assessment from customer data is still done manually or on writing. To overcome the problems that exist at PT.Shinta VR, the author intends to develop a website based product assessment application system as a VR product assessment system from customer data, product data and assessment data. The development model used is the Waterfall model. This application will describe the activities generated at each design stage. The result to be archived from this research is that the website application is able to manage customer data and assessment data more neatly, the conclusion of this study can help staff and admins optimize time and know that the system build can help staff and admins.
Analisis Sentimen Pada Situs Google Review dengan Naïve Bayes dan Support Vector Machine
Authors: Herlawati Herlawati , Handayanto Rahmadya Trias , Atika Prima Dina , Khasanah Fata Nidaul , Yusuf Ajif Yunizar Pratama , Septia Dwi Yoga
Published: December 2021

Tourism is the sources of income which is influenced by customer satisfaction. One way to know customer satisfaction is feedback, one of which is a review using an application. One of the feedback applications is Google Review. Such applications are have been widely used, for example in this study in this case study, Summarecon Mal Bekasi, can reach 60,000 comments. To find out the sentiment of the large number of comments, it is necessary to use computational tools. The current research applies sentiment analysis using the Naïve Bayes method and the Support Vector Machine. Data retrieval is done by web scrapping technique. Furthermore, the comment data is processed by pre-processing and labelling using the Lexicon dictionary. The process of applying sentiment analysis is carried out to determine whether the comments are positive or negative. In this study, the accuracy of the Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine methods in conducting sentiment analysis on the Summarecon Mal Bekasi review with a data of 2,143 comments with an accuracy for Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine 80.95% and 100% respectively. A Jason-style application is built to show the implementation in Flask framework.

 

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Spatial variations in the socioeconomic development of rural municipalities in the podkarpackie voivodeship
Authors: Pawlewicz Katarzyna , Flasińska Justyna
Published: December 2021

The main goal of all territorial administration units, including municipalities, is to promote socioeconomic development. The implemented actions address a broad range of economic, social, spatial and environmental issues. Therefore, socioeconomic development is a complex and multi-dimensional concept that is difficult to evaluate in an unambiguous and objective manner. Statistical methods in object-based multidimensional modeling support such evaluations by considering numerous attributes/variables, which increases the efficiency of the analytical process. In this article, Hellwig’s development pattern method was applied to classify rural municipalities in Podkarpackie Voivodeship based on their socioeconomic development. Twenty-seven indicators were designed for the needs of the analysis with the use of Statistics Poland data for 2018. Based on the results, the municipalities were grouped into four classes with different levels of socioeconomic development. Class III was the largest group, and it was composed of 39 municipalities with a medium-low level of socioeconomic development. Class II was composed of a similar number of municipalities (38) with a medium-high level of socioeconomic development. The smallest groups were Class I containing 18 municipalities with a high level of socioeconomic development, and class IV containing 14 municipalities with a low level of development.
Utjecaj razlika u tehnologiji na kemijska i senzorna svojstva dalmatinske pecenice
Authors: Krvavica Marina , Šarolić Mladenka , Drinovac Topalović Marijana , Kotlar Rea
Published: December 2021

U procesu registracije oznake zemljopisnog podrijetla (ZOZP) dalmatinske pečenice provedeno je istraživanje s ciljem utvrđivanja utjecaja razlika u tehnologiji na kemijski sastav i senzorna svojstva konačnog proizvoda. Stoga je u tri objekta na području tri dalmatinske županije proizvedeno 35 dalmatinskih pečenica podijeljenih u 7 grupa koje su se razlikovale po početnoj masi sirovine, sastavu i količini smjese za soljenje/salamurenje te duljini pojedinih tehnoloških faza. Nakon završetka procesa prerade iz svake grupe su uzeti uzorci pečenice te je utvrđen udio masti, bjelančevina, pepela, vode i NaCl, a procjenu senzornog profila dalmatinske pečenice deskriptivnom senzornom analizom proveo je stručno osposobljeni panel sastavljen od 11 članova. Kemijskim analizama utvrđen je sljedeći prosječni osnovni kemijski sastav dalmatinske pečenice: 5,68 % masti, 41,60 % bjelančevina, 44,80 % vode i 7,63 % pepela, a NaCl je bio zastupljen s prosječno 6,17 %. Pečenice proizvedene od teže sirovine (početna masa ≥3,5 kg) sadržavale su više intramuskularne masti i vode (P<0,05), a manje bjelančevina (P<0,05). Što je početna masa sirove pečenice bila manja i što je utrošak soli/salamure po kg sirovog mesa bio veći, sadržaj NaCl u zreloj pečenici je bio veći, pri čemu duljina faze soljenja/salamurenja nije značajno utjecala na povećanje sadržaja NaCl u pečenici. Senzornom analizom utvrđen je senzorni profil i tipična senzorna svojstva dalmatinske pečenice, od kojih se osim karakterističnog cilindričnog oblika i boje, ističu čvrsta i elastična konzistencija, kompaktna struktura, jednolična crvena boja presjeka, blago slankast okus, mekoća i topljivost pri žvakanju, te aroma svojstvena aromi trajnih suhomesnatih proizvoda od svinjskog mesa uz blago izraženu aromu po dimu. Pečenica proizvedena od teže sirovine (≥3,5 kg) uz korištenje smjese morske i nitritne soli sa začinima i antioksidansima, povećanog sadržaja intramuskularne masti i blage slanosti, ocijenjena je najvećom srednjom ocjenom (5,88 od mogućih 6), pri čemu su i svi pojedinačni pokazatelji senzornih svojstava također ocijenjeni najvećom ocjenom u odnosu na druge grupe (P<0,05). Koeficijentom korelacije (r) je utvrđeno da što je sadržaj intramuskularne masti u pečenici bio veći, veća je bila i ocjena izgleda presjeka (r = 0,48), mirisa (r = 0,24), teksture (r = 0,28), okusa i arome (r = 0,44), ukupnog dojma (r = 0,36) te srednja ocjena (r = 0,30). Navedeni podatci potvrđuju pozitivan učinak sadržaja intramuskularne masti (mramoriranosti) na senzorna svojstva dalmatinske pečenice. Ispitivane razlike u tehnologiji prerade statistički su značajno utjecale na parametre kemijskog sastava i senzorna svojstva dalmatinske pečenice.
The Global State of Democracy Indices Methodology, Conceptualization and Measurement Framework, Version 5 (2021)
Authors: Skaaning Svend-Erik
Published: December 2021

The Global State of Democracy is a biennial report that aims to provide policymakers with an evidence-based analysis of the state of global democracy, supported by the Global State of Democracy (GSoD) Indices, in order to inform policy interventions and identify problem-solving approaches to trends affecting the quality of democracy around the world. This document revises and updates the conceptual and measurement framework that guided the construction of Version 5 of the GSoD Indices, which depicts democratic trends at the country, regional and global levels across a broad range of different attributes of democracy in the period 1975–2020. The data underlying the GSoD Indices is based on a total of 116 indicators developed by various scholars and organizations using different types of source, including expert surveys, standards-based coding by research groups and analysts, observational data and composite measures.
Trabzon yerel halkının turizm algısında turist profilinin rolü: Arap turist profili
Authors: CESUR Esra , ÇEKEN Hüseyin
Published: December 2021

Yerel halkın turizm algısı, bölgelerin sahip olduğu turistik değerlerden sonra gelen en önemli unsurlardan biridir. Çünkü, yerel halkın turizm algısını belirlemek bölgelerde turizm faaliyetleri için yapılacak gelişim planlarının başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleşmesinde kilit rol oynamaktadır. Ayrıca, turistik bölgelerin sürdürülebilir kılınmasında da yerel halkın turizm faaliyetlerine karşı tutumu ve desteği önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırma, Trabzon yerel halkının turizm algısını ölçerek söz konusu bu algının Arap turistlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bunun yanında turizm algısının bazı demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterme durumu da araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda, ilgili literatür taraması yapıldıktan sonra anket formu oluşturulmuş ve Trabzon`da yaşayan yerel halka pandemi koşulları nedeniyle online olarak ulaştırılmıştır. Veriler 2021 yılının Mart-Mayıs aylarında 392 katılımcıyla tamamlanmıştır. Katılımcıların özellikleri ve Arap turist algılarına ilişkin veriler yüzde ve frekans dağılımı yapılarak incelenmiştir. Yerel halkın genel turizm algısı ise, faktör analizine tabi tutularak alt boyutlara ayrılmıştır. Alt boyut algılarının turist profiline ve demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirleyebilmek için T ve One-Way Anova testi analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda yerel halkın turizme yönelik algısının genel olarak olumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda yerel halkın turizme yönelik algısının genel olarak olumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak, Arap turist profili söz konusu olduğunda sosyo-kültürel etki algısının daha olumsuz, ekonomik etki algısının ise, daha olumlu olduğu saptanmıştır.
Russian Empire in the System of Global Trade in Medicinal Herbs in the Late 18th – Early 19th Century and the Problem of Proportion Between “Scientific” and “Traditional” Pharmaceutics
Authors: Loskutova Marina
Published: December 2021

This article examines Russian imports of medicinal plants in the late 18th – early 19th centuries and the attempts to reduce these procurements by using home-grown plants instead in the context of a general crisis in European trade during the Napoleonic wars. It attempts to estimate the volumes of imported medicinal materials, analyzes the range of medicinal plants, and compares the trades in exotic medicinal plants in Russia with the known data about their circulation in various European countries. The article demonstrates the dependency of Russian state-run apothecaries and hospitals on both the imported exotic plants and species native to the Russian Empire in the late 18th – early 19th centuries, and examines the available data concerning the apothecary gardens and wild medicinal plants harvesting for state-run apothecaries in Russia. It highlights the lack of infrastructure for a steady supply of native plants to state-run apothecaries and hospitals, the factor that accounted for the futility of attempts to reduce the dependency on imported medicaments in the early 19th century. At the same time, the paper emphasizes the continuing presence of local potion and herb shops trading in medicinal plants long before the transfer of European pharmaceutical institutions and practices to the Russian empire. These shops were not restricted to trading in indigenous plants only but could also sell the exotic ones. This fact undermines the simple binary model of European and “indigenous” or “folk” pharmaceutical traditions co-existing in Russia in the late 18th – early 19th centuries, arguing instead for their entangled histories.
An Analysis of Some Aspects of Co-evolutionary Development of Jet Fighter Generations in the Second Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Egoshin Sergei
Published: December 2021

The importance of studying developmental dynamics of global aircraft pool is unquestionable: this knowledge allows a substantive analysis of the history of development of aircraft engineering. At the same time, introducing for consideration some a priori notions such as e. g. “aircraft generations” allows to more fully demonstrate an interrelated development (co-evolution) of aircrafts and social institutions. This article considers as an example of co-evolution the opposition between jet fighter parks of the Warsaw Pact countries and NATO in 1954–1989. The dynamics of the development of jet fighter parks are examined and the causes of some of its characteristics are explained. Thus, it is shown that the Cold War as an opposition of two political and military alliances has been spurring the quantitative and qualitative development of fighter aircrafts. The end of the Cold War was one of the factors that slowed down the development of fighters. The results of this works clearly demonstrate that the development of aircrafts is inseparable from global social processes.
Eine intersektional-feministische Perspektive für die Klimabewegung: Zur Anerkennung und Wertschätzung (marginalisierter) Stimmen von Black, Indigenous und Women of Color
Authors: Anderson Sheena
Published: December 2021

Die Klimakrise trifft nicht alle gleich, ganz im Gegenteil. Sie unterscheidet nach race, Gender, geografischem Standort, soziökonomischem Hintergrund, Alter, körperlicher Einschränkung und vielen anderen Kategorien. Am Beispiel von Black, Indigenous und Women of Color (BIWoC) zeigt dieser Beitrag auf, dass einerseits eine besondere Betroffenheit marginalisierter Gruppen in Bezug auf die Klimakrise besteht und andererseits es genau BIWoC sind die nicht nur führende Rollen in der Klimabewegung einnehmen, sondern von deren spezialisiertem Wissen, basierend auf ihrer intersektionalen Unterdrückung, ihrem (Überlebens-)Kampf und ihrer Art Wissen zu produzieren und weiterzugeben, die Klimabewegung auf ungeahnte Weise lernen kann. Anders als häufig angenommen, ist die Klimabewegung im weiten Sinne nicht „zu weiß“, sondern es sind tatsächlich Black, Indigenous und People of Color, die diese Bewegung seit Jahrzehnten prägen. Es wird Zeit, dass sie die Anerkennung und Wertschätzung erhalten, die ihnen gebührt. Auf eine kurze Analyse der Ursprünge intersektionalen Feminismus in Schwarzen Feminismen und den Kämpfen Schwarzer Frauen folgen in diesem Beitrag theorie-basierte und durch Interviews mit BIWoC Klimaaktivistinnen gewonnene intersektional-feministische Guidelines für die Klimabewegung. Sie sind ein Angebot, um der Klimabewegung zu einer Vision zu verhelfen, in ihrem Protest die Verwobenheit und gegenseitige Bedingung globaler Herausforderungen zu berücksichtigen; anzuerkennen, dass diese unterschiedlichen Auswirkungen für marginalisierte Menschen haben und den Schutz von Menschen sowie der Umwelt gleichermaßen in den Vordergrund zu rücken. Um der Klimakrise die Stirn zu bieten, bedarf es einer radikalen Systemveränderung, Klimagerechtigkeit bildet die anzuwendende Strategie und Intersektionaler Feminismus liefert die Perspektive zur Umsetzung.
Antik Mısır’dan Orta Çağ İslam Dünyası’na Kısa Matematik Tarihi
Authors: ASLAN SEYHAN İrem
Published: December 2021

Matematiğin kökenlerinin ne olduğu matematik felsefecileri ve matematik tarihçilerinin ortak araştırma konusudur. İlk gelişen matematiksel konseptin sayı sayma olgusu olduğu düşünülmektedir. İnsanların sayı saydığına ilişkin arkeolojik kanıtlar yazının keşfinden çok daha öncesine dayanmaktadır. Yüzyıllar içinde matematik, uygarlıklar arası etkileşimin bir sonucu olarak, insanlığın atmosfer sınırlarının dışına çıkmasına olanak sağlayacak hale gelmiştir. Bu makalede Antik uygarlıklardan başlanarak Orta Çağ İslam Dünyası’na kadar matematiğin gelişim serüveni ele alınacaktır. Makalenin yazılış amacı bu aralıktaki matematiksel gelişmelerle ilgili genel bir tablo sunmaktır.
Application analysis of layered pressure swing adsorption method for offshore floating natural gas purification
Authors: Cao Wensheng , Xu Jianzhuang , Bluth Christoph
Published: December 2021

In view of the particularity of offshore operations, a new layered pressure swing adsorption (PSA) method for natural gas purification was proposed. CH4 is enriched in the three-component CH4/CO2/N2 crude mixed gas. The pressure swing adsorption process is based on the traditional method. The adsorption bed is divided into two layers, which are the first layer with activated carbon as the adsorbent to remove CO2 impurities, and the second layer with molecular sieve as adsorbent to remove N2 impurities. The process of PSA was simulated by Aspen Adsorption software. The simulation results show that after the process of double layered PSA, the purity of the product gas CH4 reached 98.7%, and the recovery rate of gas production was 89%. The concentration of CO2 was successfully reduced to 0.23% in the activated carbon layer, and the concentration of N2 was reduced to 1.2% in the molecular sieve layer of the first Tower.