bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2018 American College of Rheumatology/National Psoriasis Foundation Guideline for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Guyatt Gordon , Ogdie Alexis , Gladman Dafna D. , Deal Chad , Deodhar Atul , Dubreuil Maureen , Dunham Jonathan , Husni M. Elaine , Kenny Sarah , Kwan-Morley Jennifer , Lin Janice , Marchetta Paula , Mease Philip J. , Merola Joseph F. , Miner Julie , Ritchlin Christopher T. , Siaton Bernadette , Smith Benjamin J. , Van Voorhees Abby S. , Jonsson Anna Helena , Shah Amit Aakash , Sullivan Nancy , Turgunbaev Marat , Coates Laura C. , Gottlieb Alice , Magrey Marina , Nowell W. Benjamin , Orbai Ana-Maria , Reddy Soumya M. , Scher Jose U. , Siegel Evan , Siegel Michael , Walsh Jessica A. , Turner Amy S. , Reston James
Published: November 2018

Objective:

To develop an evidence-based guideline for the pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), as a collaboration between the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF).

Methods:

We identified critical outcomes in PsA and clinically relevant PICO (population/intervention/comparator/outcomes) questions. A Literature Review Team performed a systematic literature review to summarize evidence supporting the benefits and harms of available pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for PsA. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology was used to rate the quality of the evidence. A voting panel, including rheumatologists, dermatologists, other health professionals, and patients, achieved consensus on the direction and the strength of the recommendations.

Results:

The guideline covers the management of active PsA in patients who are treatment-naive and those who continue to have active PsA despite treatment, and addresses the use of oral small molecules, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, interleukin-12/23 inhibitors (IL-12/23i), IL-17 inhibitors, CTLA4-Ig (abatacept), and a JAK inhibitor (tofacitinib). We also developed recommendations for psoriatic spondylitis, predominant enthesitis, and treatment in the presence of concomitant inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, or serious infections. We formulated recommendations for a treat-to-target strategy, vaccinations, and nonpharmacologic therapies. Six percent of the recommendations were strong and 94% conditional, indicating the importance of active discussion between the health care provider and the patient to choose the optimal treatment.

Conclusion:

The 2018 ACR/NPF PsA guideline serves as a tool for health care providers and patients in the selection of appropriate therapy in common clinical scenarios. Best treatment decisions consider each individual patient situation. The guideline is not meant to be proscriptive and should not be used to limit treatment options for patients with PsA.
Reproductive Endocrinology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Grossmann Mathis , Wierman Margaret E , Angus Peter , Handelsman David J
Published: November 2018

The liver and the reproductive system interact in a multifaceted bidirectional fashion. Sex steroid signaling influences hepatic endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism and contributes to the pathogenesis of functional and structural disorders of the liver. In turn, liver function affects the reproductive axis via modulating sex steroid metabolism and transport to tissues via sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG). The liver senses the body’s metabolic status and adapts its energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent fashion, a dimorphism signaled by the sex steroid milieu and possibly related to the metabolic costs of reproduction. Sex steroids impact the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, including development of hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Preclinical studies in male rodents demonstrate that androgens protect against hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance both via androgen receptor signaling and, following aromatization to estradiol, estrogen receptor signaling, through regulating genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. In female rodents in contrast to males, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia, whereas estradiol is similarly protective against liver disease. In men, hepatic steatosis is associated with modest reductions in circulating testosterone, in part consequent to a reduction in circulating SHBG. Testosterone treatment has not been demonstrated to improve hepatic steatosis in randomized controlled clinical trials. Consistent with sex-dimorphic preclinical findings, androgens promote hepatic steatosis and dysglycemia in women, whereas endogenous estradiol appears protective in both men and women. In both sexes, androgens promote hepatic fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas estradiol is protective.
Memory’s Ends: Thinking as Grace in Thomas Hooker’s New England
Authors: Trocchio Rachel
Published: November 2018

This essay examines the role of memory in the theology of first-generation New England divine Thomas Hooker. Drawing particular attention to Hooker’s application of imagistic and dialectical mnemonics in his well-known but controversial doctrine of “preparation,” it discovers a Puritan theory of grace that sought to come closer to God by escaping idolatrous thinking, on the one hand, and mechanistic cognition, on the other. Reconceiving Hooker’s preparation as a memorial style and placing that ars memoria at the center of transatlantic Puritan controversies about grace, the essay provides a new model for reading Puritanism not as the start of an American telos but at the end of a European intellectual inheritance.
“We Fit in the Society by Force”
Authors: Yingwana Ntokozo
Published: November 2018

What does it mean to be an African sex worker feminist? In answering this question this essay draws from two qualitative studies with two African sex worker groups in 2014 and 2015—the South African movement of sex workers called Sisonke, and the African Sex Worker Alliance (ASWA). Although participants were initially reluctant to give a precise definition, many pointed to elements that could constitute such an identity. Based on their embodied lived experiences, each participant illustrated and described what it meant for them to be an African, a sex worker, and a feminist, and then collectively discussed these in relation to each other and the social dimensions they occupy. Even though these three identities may seem incongruent, in certain embodiments they actually inform each other. The aim of this work is for all feminists to recognize each other as comrades in the struggle for gender and sexual liberation, thus strengthening solidarity across social justice movements.
Saving Nigerian Girls
Authors: George Abosede
Published: November 2018

This essay discusses girl-saving campaigns in Nigerian history, focusing on the two that have been most extensively documented: the girl hawker project of the early twentieth century, which climaxed with the 1943 passage of the first hawking ban in Nigeria, and the #BringBackOurGirls campaign, which started in 2014 and is still ongoing. Though separated by time and space, in order to inspire salvationist impulses in their respective audiences both campaigns have relied on a gendered notion of imperilment that centers the image of the youthful female body threatened by sexual violence from male aggressors. Yet through its reliance on certain restrictions, gendered and otherwise, the portrait of the vulnerable girl that campaigners outline inadvertently prompts disidentifications as well.
Smoke Is Everywhere, but No One Is Running
Authors: Moraa Anne
Published: November 2018

The essay explores, through the author’s work in developing educational content for adolescent girls, the importance of listening to girls’ distinct voices and looking beyond the numbers when seeking to create impact.
Gender and (Militarized) Secessionist Movements in Africa
Authors: Mougoué Jacqueline-Bethel Tchouta
Published: November 2018

Utilizing interdisciplinary and multimethodological approaches, this essay explores women’s roles in buttressing the political cohesion of secessionist movements in postcolonial Africa. It argues that African women have supported the actions of male-dominated secessionist movements in order to garner their own social and political power. Using case studies from Anglophone Cameroon, Western Sahara, Cabinda Province (Angola), and Biafra (Nigeria), the essay historicizes and outlines a new analytical framework that explores women’s multifaceted participation in secessionist movements in modern-day Africa.
Homing with My Mother / How Women in My Family Married Women
Authors: Musangi Neo Sinoxolo
Published: November 2018

Recent activist and academic work regarding same-gender marriage and relationships has brought to the fore supposed precolonial archives that seem to suggest that something we might call homophobia is as colonial in Africa as is the notion of the nation-state. While this archival work might be important in creating space for African queers, it fails to engage fully with what it might mean to be both African and queer, in the here and now. So what, if there were no ancestral queers? What do these archives concretize and block out of queer possibilities? While thinking with, and against, this archival record, this essay centers one family’s recent history as a calculated exercise in both memory and method. Putting older black women on the agenda evokes their and others’ freedom and the intellectual contributions of black women who have, over the years, constituted the survival of black theory and a logic of care. This is an exercise in how else one could choose to arrive at blackness and queerness and feminism by way of narration.
Endocytosis in proliferating, quiescent and terminally differentiated cells
Authors: Hinze Claudia , Boucrot Emmanuel
Published: November 2018

Endocytosis mediates nutrient uptake, receptor internalization and the regulation of cell signaling. It is also hijacked by many bacteria, viruses and toxins to mediate their cellular entry. Several endocytic routes exist in parallel, fulfilling different functions. Most studies on endocytosis have used transformed cells in culture. However, as the majority of cells in an adult body have exited the cell cycle, our understanding is biased towards proliferating cells. Here, we review the evidence for the different pathways of endocytosis not only in dividing, but also in quiescent, senescent and terminally differentiated cells. During mitosis, residual endocytosis is dedicated to the internalization of caveolae and specific receptors. In non-dividing cells, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) functions, but the activity of alternative processes, such as caveolae, macropinocytosis and clathrin-independent routes, vary widely depending on cell types and functions. Endocytosis supports the quiescent state by either upregulating cell cycle arrest pathways or downregulating mitogen-induced signaling, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation. Endocytosis in terminally differentiated cells, such as skeletal muscles, adipocytes, kidney podocytes and neurons, supports tissue-specific functions. Finally, uptake is downregulated in senescent cells, making them insensitive to proliferative stimuli by growth factors. Future studies should reveal the molecular basis for the differences in activities between the different cell states.
Annulative Synthesis of Benzofurans from General Alkenyl Sulfoxides and Phenols via Pummerer/Sigmatropic Cascade
Authors: Hori Mitsuki , Yanagi Tomoyuki , Murakami Kei , Nogi Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: November 2018

In addition to ketene dithioacetal monoxides that were specially designed and have been used so far, general alkenyl sulfoxides of moderate reactivity have now become applicable as substrates in the trifluoroacetic anhydride-mediated annulation with phenols for the shorter-step and transition-metal-free synthesis of benzofurans having diverse substituents. The improved method enabled concise formation of furan-fused complex polycyclic skeletons, which culminates in the two-step synthesis of dioxa[8]helicene. The modest reactivity of alkenyl sulfoxides has allowed isolation of dihydrobenzofurans as intermediates, which unveiled two interesting phenomena: (i) the initial cyclization reflects the stereochemistry and steric environment of alkenyl sulfoxides and (ii) the aromatization by the departure of alkanethiol is the rate-determining step.
Tuning Gel–Sol Transition Behavior of a Hydrogel Based on 12-Hydroxystearic Acid and a Long-Chain Amidoamine Derivative
Authors: Nakagawa Makoto , Kawai Takeshi
Published: November 2018

High-performance, low molecular weight gelators can be used as stimuli-responsive functional materials and soft templates for shape-controlled metal nanomaterials. In previous work, we reported that double-helical Au nanowires (NWs) can be synthesized in semi-transparent hydrogels prepared by addition of LiCl to aqueous solutions of d-12-hydroxystearic acid (HSA) and a long-chain amidoamine derivative (C18AA). In this work, we report the effect of three components, i.e., C18AA, HSA, and LiCl, on the fluidity and thermal properties of the hydrogel and the morphological structure of the gelator consisting of C18AA and HSA. We also demonstrate that gelation-degelation regulation and the gel–sol transition temperature can be controlled by tuning the concentrations of LiCl and C18AA, respectively. Further, the degelation behavior affords a gentle removal of the hydrogel soft template from double-helical Au NWs simply by washing with water.
Planning Greenspace for the Highlands Region of Surabaya
Authors: ISTIANTO ARDYTTO , MANGKOEDIHARDJO SARWOKO
Published: November 2018

This paper reports evaluation and planning of greenspace in the highlands region of Surabaya. Evaluation conducted by taking primary data related to the number of vehicles with traffic counting method and secondary data in the form of population, vegetation type, and pattern of greenspace vegetation planting. The calculation of the adequacy of greenspace is done by calculating the volume of carbon dioxide emissions by humans and vehicles. The calculation is then multiplied by the emission factor. In addition, it calculates absorption capacity of total carbon dioxide from the existing greenspace vegetation. The results showed that the existing vegetation could be preserved and enriched with the addition of vegetation species to absorb carbon dioxide gas emissions and in accordance with the laws and regulations.
Preliminary Assessment of Mixed Plants for Phytoremediation of Chromium Contaminated Soil
Authors: ANDARISTA UTOMO ADZALIA , MANGKOEDIHARDJO SARWOKO
Published: November 2018

This study determined the ability of mixed plants of Helianthus annus, Zinnia elegans, and Impatiens balsamine to remove chromium (Cr) from soil. This research used respirometer to measure the respiration rate of microorganisms in soil media and Atomic Absorption Spectophotometry to measure Cr content on soil and plants. The results of the study showed that the plants were able to remove Cr from the soil as much as 74%. However, the removal enhanced by microbial activity on the rootzone.
SISTEMA DE MONITOREO DE ÍNDICES DE CONSUMO EN UNA UNIDAD DE UNA CENTRAL TERMOELÉCTRICA
Authors: Corrales Barrios Luis Benigno , Albo Cabreriza Osmina , Rodríguez Hernández Yaksurit
Published: November 2018

El presente trabajo está enfocado a la gestión de la eficiencia energética y a las principales oportunidades de ahorro en una unidad de una Central Termoeléctrica. Se desarrolló un sistema de monitoreo y control y obtuvieron los valores de las variables mediante el sistema de supervisión y control CENTUMCS3000 instalado en la unidad, los cuales son procesados por el software desarrollado. El sistema permite monitorear los índices de consumo de combustible y electricidad que se registran en el proceso productivo, tanto en tiempo real como a partir de datos históricos, el cual ha permitido tomar acciones encaminadas a disminuir los mismos. Se incluyen un conjunto de reportes en EXCEL que permiten conocer el comportamiento de los índices de consumo de combustible y electricidad, así como el Consumo Específico Bruto de la unidad en cualquier hora del día y consolidar los resultados para cada turno de trabajo. Palabras claves: Economía energética; Central termoeléctrica; Índices de consumo; Sistema de monitoreo; Consumo excesivo.
COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE CÁLCULO DE IBNR PARA UMA OPERADORA DE PLANOS DE SAÚDE ATRAVÉS DO MÉTODO DE ANÁLISE HIERÁRQUICA
Authors: Serra Costa José Fabiano Da , Yui Larissa Mitie
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é encontrar o método mais adequado de cálculo para a provisão de sinistros ocorridos mas não avisados (IBNR - Incurred But Not Reported), para uma Operadora de Plano de Saúde já estabelecida no mercado brasileiro, através da análise multicritério. Para este estudo, foi aplicado o método AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) e, as alternativas consideradas foram baseadas na bibliografia específica: Método proposto pela Agencia Nacional de Saúde, Método Chain Ladder, Método Bornhuetter-Ferguson, Método Benktander-Hovinen, Método Bootstrap e Método Log-Normal. Os critérios da análise foram: Cenário Passado Próprio, Sinistralidade do Mercado, Possibilidade de Simulação e Complexidade dos Cálculos. Os especialistas foram Atuários com experiência na área de Provisões Técnicas e Solvência. Os resultados apontaram para o método Log-Normal, seguido do método Bootstrap (métodos estocásticos).Palavras-chave: Ciências Atuariais; Decisão Multicritério; IBNR.
Safeguarding changes
Authors: Martland Rebecca
Published: November 2018

Revised safeguarding and child protection requirements came into effect in 2018, here we find out just how these will affect those working in the childminding profession.
Chaos at Christmas
Authors: Buxton Sarah
Published: November 2018

What are your employment rights when drunken antics at the practice party go too far? Sarah Buxton gifts some important advice
How to up your game in staff relations
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: November 2018

Handling spats at work has more to do with good team tactics than winning an argument. Julie Bissett looks at some strategic moves
The dental Oracle
Authors: Russell Jo
Published: November 2018

We hear from dental nurse Jo Russell who runs a specialised training and consultancy for practice teams
Fluoride – a guide for dental nurses
Authors: MacLeavy Christine
Published: November 2018

Christine MacLeavy considers the effective application of fluoride varnish in this peer-reviewed CPD article

Aim

To look at fluoride varnishes available for caries prevention in the UK.

Objectives

Understand how fluoride works and becomes incorporated in the enamel structure. Look at the different ways fluoride is presented. Understand the difference between the various fluoride varnishes available.
Personality clash at work?
Authors: Collier Andrew
Published: November 2018

Not all relationships in the dental practice are perfect. Dento-legal expert Andrew Collier offers some sound advice on how best to handle them
Aesthetics: the wild west of medicine
Authors: Collier Helena
Published: November 2018

Aesthetic medicine is a specialty with a distinct lack of regulation. As a result, this important field of medicine is often not taken seriously or given the respect and recognition that it deserves. In this article, Helena Collier argues that greater regulation of this field is needed if we are to prevent the aesthetic specialty from becoming the wild wild west of medicine
Helping owners to support the emotional and behavioural needs of the socially mature cat
Authors: Hargrave Claire
Published: November 2018

This article forms part of a series that considers the behavioural and emotional needs of the domestic feline — from kitten to geriatric cat — and how the veterinary practice team can support the cat's owners in maintaining its emotional welfare. The articles are based on a series delivered on behalf of the Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors and the British Veterinary Behaviour Association. This article is based on the material presented by Vicky Halls (RVN Dip Couns, Reg MBACP) at the London Vet Show (November 2017). The article considers the respective needs of the cat at various life stages post kittenhood, as well as feline stress and its effect on the domestic cat, the cat's behavioural and emotional needs, and how owners can make appropriate provisions. In addition, the article considers the issues that can arise when owners wish to maintain a multi-cat household, and how best to go about attempting to integrate a new kitten or cat into an existing feline group. A future article will pay specific attention to the needs of the senior and geriatric cat.
How to carry out a wellness examination for rabbits
Authors: Dehn Sarah , Worrell Brianna
Published: November 2018

The same standard of veterinary care should be given to all pets. As pet rabbits become more popular, it is important that veterinary clinics are familiar with performing general wellness check-ups. It is more difficult to detect signs of illness in pet rabbits than in cats and dogs because they are a prey species. Knowing the first indications of illness in pet rabbits is critical to performing a thorough examination. It is also important to educate pet rabbit owners to look for these signs at home. All of this begins with a routine, annual wellness examination. A wellness examination encompasses a lot, from a thorough history, complete physical assessment of the pet, to recommending proper husbandry. Veterinary nurses should be comfortable with all of these aspects of a complete rabbit wellness examination.
CatCareforLife — keeping cats healthy
Authors: Collins Sarah
Published: November 2018

International Cat Care (ICC) and its veterinary division, the International Society of Feline Medicine (ISFM), have recently launched a new programme entitled CatCareforLife — a blueprint for how a clinic and owner can work together to keep cats healthy and encourage veterinary visits.
More reoperations for periprosthetic fracture after cemented hemiarthroplasty with polished taper-slip stems than after anatomical and straight stems in the treatment of hip fractures
Authors: Kristensen T. B. , Dybvik E. , Furnes O. , Engesæter L. B. , Gjertsen J-E.
Published: November 2018

Aims

The aim of this large registry-based study was to compare mid-term survival rates of cemented femoral stems of different designs used in hemiarthroplasty for a fracture of the femoral neck.

Patients and Methods

From the Norwegian Hip Fracture Register (NHFR), 20 532 primary cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasties, which were undertaken in patients aged > 70 years with a femoral neck fracture between 2005 and 2016, were included. Polished tapered stems (n = 12 065) (Exeter and CPT), straight stems (n = 5545) (Charnley, Charnley Modular, and Spectron EF), and anatomical stems (n = 2922) (Lubinus SP2) were included. The survival of the implant with any reoperation as the endpoint was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and hazard ratios (HRs), and the different indications for reoperation were calculated using Cox regression analysis.

Results

The one-year survival was 96.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 95.6 to 96.4) for the Exeter stem, 97.0% (95% CI 96.4 to 97.6) for the Lubinus SP2 stem, 97.6% (95% CI 97.0 to 98.2) for the Charnley stem, 98.1% (95% CI 97.3 to 98.9) for the Spectron EF stem, and 96.4% (95% CI 95.6 to 97.2) for the Charnley Modular stem, respectively. The hazard ratio for reoperation after one year was lower for Lubinus SP2 (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.97), Charnley (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.86), and Spectron EF stems (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.67) compared with the Exeter stem. Reoperation for periprosthetic fracture occurred almost exclusively after the use of polished tapered stems.

Conclusion

We were able to confirm that implant survival after cemented hemiarthroplasty for a hip fracture is high. Differences in rates of reoperation seem to favour anatomical and straight stems compared with polished tapered stems, which had a higher risk of periprosthetic fracture.
Reconstruction of the glenoid using autologous bone-graft and the SMR Axioma TT metal-backed prosthesis
Authors: Malhas A. M. , Granville-Chapman J. , Robinson P. M. , Brookes-Fazakerley S. , Walton M. , Monga P. , Bale S. , Trail I.
Published: November 2018

Aims

We present our experience of using a metal-backed prosthesis and autologous bone graft to treat gross glenoid bone deficiency.

Patients and Methods

A prospective cohort study of the first 45 shoulder arthroplasties using the SMR Axioma Trabecular Titanium (TT) metal-backed glenoid with autologous bone graft. Between May 2013 and December 2014, 45 shoulder arthroplasties were carried out in 44 patients with a mean age of 64 years (35 to 89). The indications were 23 complex primary arthroplasties, 12 to revise a hemiarthroplasty or resurfacing, five for aseptic loosening of the glenoid, and five for infection.

Results

Of the 45 patients, 16 had anatomical shoulder arthroplasties (ASA) and 29 had reverse shoulder arthroplasties (RSA). Postoperatively, 43/45 patients had a CT scan. In 41 of 43 patients (95%), the glenoid peg achieved > 50% integration. In 40 of 43 cases (93%), the graft was fully or partially integrated. There were seven revisions (16%) but only four (9%) required a change of baseplate. Four (25%) of the 16 ASAs were revised for instability or cuff failure. At two-year radiological follow-up, five of the 41 cases (11%) showed some evidence of lucent lines.

Conclusion

The use of a metal baseplate with a trabecular titanium surface in conjunction with autologous bone graft is a reliable method of addressing glenoid bone defects in primary and revision RSA setting in the short term. ASAs have a higher rate of complications with this technique.
Prognostic indicators of outcome for patients with skeletal metastases from carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Shepherd K. L. , Cool P. , Cribb G.
Published: November 2018

Aims

The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic indicators of outcome at presentation to the orthopaedic surgeon, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Our aim was to use this information in a pragmatic, clinic-based approach so that surgical decision making could be optimized to benefit the patient in their remaining lifetime.

Patients and Methods

A cohort analysis was undertaken of all patients with metastatic disease of the prostate who presented to a regional orthopaedic centre in the United Kingdom between 2003 and 2016. Biochemical data were collected in addition to disease and demographic data. These included: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at orthopaedic presentation; haemoglobin (Hb); platelets (plt); alkaline phosphatase (ALP); albumin (Alb); and corrected calcium (CaC). Statistical analysis included Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and a Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to the data.

Results

From the departmental database, 137 episodes were identified in 136 patients with a median age at presentation of 72 years (interquartile range (IQR) 66 to 78). Most patients had stage IV disease (n = 98, 72%), and most did not undergo surgical intervention. At one-year follow-up, 50% of patients had died. Biomarkers found to be independently associated with poor survival were: low Hb, low Alb, relatively low PSA (< 30 mmol/l), and a raised ALP. Patients who needed surgical intervention had a poorer survival rate than patients who were managed nonoperatively.

Conclusion

The study findings are important for orthopaedic clinical practice in the management of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. The interpretation of routine blood tests can help to predict survival in patients who present with orthopaedic manifestations of prostate cancer. A lower PSA is not necessarily a good prognostic sign. We believe that simple blood testing should be carried out routinely when assessing a patient, guiding potential surgical management and palliative care in the future.
Rapid decrease of cast-induced forces during the treatment of clubfoot using the Ponseti method
Authors: Giesberts R. B. , G. Hekman E. E. , Verkerke G. J. , M. Maathuis P. G.
Published: November 2018

Aims

The Ponseti method is an effective evidence-based treatment for clubfoot. It uses gentle manipulation to adjust the position of the foot in serial treatments towards a more physiological position. Casting is used to hold the newly achieved position. At first, the foot resists the new position imposed by the plaster cast, pressing against the cast, but over time the tissues are expected to adapt to the new position and the force decreases. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by measuring the forces between a clubfoot and the cast during treatment with the Ponseti method.

Patients and Methods

Force measurements were made during the treatment of ten idiopathic clubfeet. The mean age of the patients was seven days (2 to 30); there were nine boys and one girl. Force data were collected for several weeks at the location of the first metatarsal and the talar neck to determine the adaptation rate of the clubfoot.

Results

In all measurements, the force decreased over time. The median (interquartile range) half-life time was determined to be at 26 minutes (20 to 53) for the first metatarsal and 22 minutes (9 to 56) for the talar neck, suggesting that the tissues of the clubfoot adapt to the new position within several hours.

Conclusion

This is the first study to provide objective force data that support the hypothesis of adaptation of the idiopathic clubfoot to the new position imposed by the cast. We showed that the expected decrease in corrective force over time does indeed exist and adaptation occurs after a relatively short period of time. The rapid reduction in the forces acting on the foot during treatment with the Ponseti method may allow significant reductions in the interval between treatments compared with the generally accepted period of one week.
Segmental induction heating of orthopaedic metal implants
Authors: Pijls B. G. , Sanders I. M. J. G. , Kuijper E. J. , Nelissen R. G. H. H.
Published: November 2018

Objectives

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication following total joint arthroplasty. Non-contact induction heating of metal implants is a new and emerging treatment for PJI. However, there may be concerns for potential tissue necrosis. It is thought that segmental induction heating can be used to control the thermal dose and to limit collateral thermal injury to the bone and surrounding tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine the thermal dose, for commonly used metal implants in orthopaedic surgery, at various distances from the heating centre (HC).

Methods

Commonly used metal orthopaedic implants (hip stem, intramedullary nail, and locking compression plate (LCP)) were heated segmentally using an induction heater. The thermal dose was expressed in cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C (CEM43) and measured with a thermal camera at several different distances from the HC. A value of 16 CEM43 was used as the threshold for thermal damage in bone.

Results

Despite high thermal doses at the HC (7161 CEM43 to 66 640 CEM43), the thermal dose at various distances from the HC was lower than 16 CEM43 for the hip stem and nail. For the fracture plate without corresponding metal screws, doses higher than 16 CEM43 were measured up to 5 mm from the HC.

Conclusion

Segmental induction heating concentrates the thermal dose at the targeted metal implant areas and minimizes collateral thermal injury by using the non-heated metal as a heat sink. Implant type and geometry are important factors to consider, as they influence dissipation of heat and associated collateral thermal injury. Cite this article: B. G. Pijls, I. M. J. G. Sanders, E. J. Kuijper, R. G. H. H. Nelissen. Segmental induction heating of orthopaedic metal implants. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:609–619. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.711.BJR-2018-0080.R1.
Why do people use food banks? A qualitative study of food bank users in an English city
Authors: Wainwright David , Buckingham Alan , Wainwright Elaine
Published: November 2018

The rise in the use of food banks has renewed debate about the extent of poverty and the adequacy of welfare provision. We conducted interviews with 25 food bank users in Bristol, England, finding that benefit penalties and precarious employment were implicated in food bank uptake, but that usage was more complicated than being an unmediated response to hunger. Food banks provided informal support for people on a low income to manage their food expenditure as well as meeting dietary needs. Some reported shame at needing the food bank, but others suggested that the informality and flexibility of food banks were preferable to some forms of state welfare.
Probiotic therapy as a novel approach in the prevention and treatment of gingivitis. A review
Authors: Longo Mariellen , Ramos Tatiane Caroline de Souza , Nunes Camilla Magnoni Moretto , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Neves Jardini Maria Aparecida
Published: November 2018

Gingivitis is caused by a mixture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative species and is characterized by inflammatory exudate in the marginal region. Probiotics have been introduced in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases and represent an innovative approach to maintaining oral health using beneficial bacteria when administered in adequate amounts. The mechanism of action of probiotics in the oral cavity is not fully understood but is commonly explained by a combination of local and systemic immunomodulation. The results of the studies suggest that probiotics may be useful in the prevention and treatment of gingivitis, but their effectiveness is still very questionable. Thus, more in vivo research is needed through randomized controlled studies evaluating the main periodontal clinical parameters, levels of inflammatory mediators and microbiological analyzes, especially to elucidate some still unknown mechanisms of action and to ensure the use of probiotics as an effective therapy in the prevention and treatment of gingivitis.KeywordsGingivitis; Probiotics; Periodontal treatment.
Bond strength of resin cements to novel materials to intracanal posts applications
Authors: Mariotto Lígia Gabrielle Sanches , Vidal Carla Larissa , De Castro Denise Tornavoi , Catirse Alma Blásida Concepcion Elizaur Benitez , De Almeida Rossana Pereira , Dos Reis Andréa Cândido
Published: November 2018

Objective: evaluate the bond strength of resin cements to new materials for application in intraradicular posts. Material and Methods: Five materials were evaluated: fiberglass, PET, polyethylene, polyacetal and PTFE. Two commercial resin cements (Rely X U200 and Rely X Arc) were applied on the test specimens of the materials (9x3mm) and the bonding was evaluated through the shear bond strength test, where the chisel operated with a load of 1kN and a velocity of 0.5mm/min at the cement/material interface. The data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by the two-way analysis of variance, performed with the Bonferroni post-test (?=0.05). Results: The glass fiber was statistically different from all evaluated materials (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the other materials (p>0.05). Comparing the two cements, a statistical difference was found between Rely X U200 and Arc only for the glass fiber (p=0). Conclusion: PET, polyethylene, polyacetal and PTFE exhibited reduced bond strength compared to the glass fiber.KeywordsResin cement; PET polymer; Polytetrafluoroethylene.
A constituição teórico-metodológica da Biblioteca Escolar: contribuição dos grupos de pesquisa do CNPq no campo da Ciência da Informação
Authors: Oliveira Dalgiza Andrade , Rodrigues Elaine Cristina
Published: November 2018

O artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa realizada sobre a temática da Biblioteca Escolar, sob os aspectos ligados à produção científica. Objetiva traçar um esboço do panorama teórico, constituído a partir da contribuição da área da Ciência da Informação. A pesquisa tem caráter quantitativo e descritivo dos dados levantados no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil, do CNPq. Os resultados apontam para uma produção científica concentrada em alguns grupos, sendo estes criados nas últimas décadas; demonstra a variação positiva a partir de 2010, ano de implementação da Lei 12.244, que se caracteriza pela universalização das Bibliotecas Escolares, e elenca outros pontos quanto aos grupos de pesquisa, pesquisadores e a produção científica.
Parceria nos empréstimos de livros entre bibliotecas universitárias
Authors: Silva Ricardo Cesar , Moura Gilnei Luiz de , Teixeira Emídio Gressler , Balsan Laércio André Gassen
Published: November 2018

Este estudo busca verificar a possibilidade de estabelecimento de parcerias entre instituições universitárias com o objetivo de compartilhar os acervos de suas bibliotecas reduzindo assim o custo de manutenção e proporcionando uma maior eficiência no atendimento ao usuário. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório. Na organização dos dados, fez-se uso da Gestão de Processos - modelagem de processos por meio da Unified Modeling Language. Em linhas gerais, o estabelecimento de parcerias entre as bibliotecas, mostraram-se exequíveis, com possibilidade de disponibilização de diversas obras, economia na replicação de acervos das instituições e criação de um modelo de empréstimo entre bibliotecas que possa ser utilizado em outras cidades.
Preservação do material bibliográfico da biblioteca Hugo Dantas da Silveira - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG
Authors: Moraes Maria Helena Machado de , Santiago Vanessa Dias
Published: November 2018

As bibliotecas universitárias têm papel relevante no processo ensino/aprendizagem de toda comunidade, pois relaciona-se diretamente com o estudo e a pesquisa, assim como atua nos processos sociais ao ser responsável pela disseminação do conhecimento produzido em todas as áreas do saber. Neste pensar, busca-se discutir a relevância de alguns processos adotados pela Biblioteca Hugo Dantas da Silveira da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, para preservar os materiais do acervo corrente, uma vez que se torna necessário preservar e conservar seu acervo visando a vida útil e o uso coletivo desses materiais. Após a constatação dos materiais bibliográficos devolvidos em péssimo estado de conservação, verificou-se a necessidade de realizar ações educativas com o intuito de minimizar esta prática, sensibilizando os usuários que utilizam os produtos da biblioteca. Demonstra-se que processos de preservação são responsabilidade tanto da unidade de informação e seus profissionais quanto do usuário. Para debater o assunto foram utilizados os materiais devolvidos pelos usuários em péssimo estado de uso, colaborando com o entendimento que é preciso educar para preservar. Foram criados marca páginas sobre o assunto e exposições na biblioteca sobre materiais bibliográficos danificados. Espera-se que essas ações impactem positivamente na redução de danos a coleção desta biblioteca.
Critérios de raridade bibliográfica: problemas, metodologias e aplicações
Authors: Teixeira Heytor Diniz , Garcia Naillê de Moraes , Rodrigues Marcia Carvalho
Published: November 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo uma análise sobre os critérios de raridadebibliográfica, principalmente sobre o próprio conceito de raridade e se épossível a criação de critérios objetivos. A partir disso, foi feito um estudosobre metodologias apontadas por estudiosos, e sobre a aplicação doscritérios na Biblioteca Nacional e na Biblioteca Rio-Grandense. O estudoconclui que há lacunas nas práticas profissionais, contudo, é possível mudaressa realidade com uma formação mais humanista dos estudantes debiblioteconomia devido à importância dos materiais raros.
Drug Abuse among Street Children
Authors: Bah Yahya Muhammed
Published: November 2018

In The Gambia like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the children. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there are some studies on drug abuse, there is none on children and drug abuse focusing on the street children the most vulnerable category. Street children are hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street children focusing on those in the car parks. The research was focused on six critical areas: level of knowledge of drug abuse, perception towards it, level of knowledge of the causes of it in the community and among street children, level of knowledge of negative impacts of it, level of knowledge of the preventive methods; and level of knowledge of the support services and treatments needed by victims. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from thirty five participants (i.e. one driver and six casual apprentices from each of the five car parks) were interviewed. The data was presented and analyzed using tables and percentage. The findings revealed among other things, that there is high level of awareness of drug abuse but the feelings towards it are mixed. Like other children, street children are abusing drugs mainly due to peer influence with the ultimate objective of getting high to relief stress, group recognition, desire to be trusted by peers, etc. Similarly, participants are highly aware of the negative impacts encompassing fighting, stealing, mental illness, etc. To finance the behavior, victims are engaged in all types of dangerous antisocial behavior including romantic ones exposing them to a range of diseases including STIs and HIV/AIDS. Marijuana is the most commonly abused drug. Though in the minority, some have started experimenting cocaine/coke, hashish; and heroin. While participants have good knowledge of the critical methods to fight drug abuse, the support services needed by victims, victims are mostly reluctant to seek the services not only because they are hard to find but fear societal stigmatization, exclusion and discrimination and professionals’ maltreatments.
Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT): Comparison of Results with and without Neuromuscular Ankle Bandage
Authors: Zamorano Alvaro , Burboa Jair , Cuzmar Diego , Hun Jose , Robles Guillermo , Barahona Maximiliano , Hinzpeter Jaime
Published: November 2018

Study Design:
Prospective study, simple crossover design.

Background:
Proprioception is a cornerstone for maintaining joint and postural stability. Dynamic stability is particularly emphasized within these components. This feature is important in the rehabilitation field. Therefore, the quest for elements to improve these values ​​can bring advantages in sports.

Objectives:
Evaluate if there are advantages in the performance of a Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) using Kinesio taping.

Methods:
We evaluated 10 professional soccer players from the Chilean women’s national team. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group had Kinesio taping and their SEBT performance was evaluated. The other group performed the measurements without the use of Kinesio Taping. Afterward, each group performed the evaluation they did not do during the first stage. We then compared the performance achieved with and without the use of Kinesio Taping

Results:
There were significant differences in the performance achieved by the players who had the SEBT bandage applied in comparison to the players that did no. This was confirmed by using the non-parametric Wilcox test for each of the SEBT positions.

Conclusions:
Kinesio taping has positive implications in the SEBT. We can extrapolate that its use can improve the dynamic balance and thus become an important pillar in sports rehabilitation.
Effects of ENSO on precipitation in Mexico City
Authors: Bravo Cabrera José Luis , Azpra Romero Enrique , Rodriguez Gonzalez Francisco Javier , Rodriguez López Olivia
Published: November 2018

Se estudia la relación que existe entre el Fenómeno de El Niño-Oscilación del Sur, caracterizado por el Índice Multivariado del ENOS, y la precipitación en la Ciudad de México en escala anual. Se estudia también su comportamiento espacial y temporal durante el periodo 1950-2010 encontrándose que en el periodo de estudio el promedio anual de la lluvia no presenta tendencia lineal pero si un ciclo de variación. Se usan tablas de contingencia y la prueba Ji-cuadrada para rechazar la hipótesis de independencia entre la precipitación y el fenómeno ENOS. Además, se utilizó la técnica de remuestreo de bootstrap, encontrando que la fase negativa de ENOS disminuye la precipitación en la Ciudad de México; la fase neutra aumenta la precipitación y disminuye la probabilidad de que la precipitación sea inferior al valor mediano. Durante la fase positiva, la precipitación no se ve significativamente afectada.
Muestra Pageant of the Pacific. Mapas de Miguel Covarrubias
Authors: Ramírez Bernal Mónica
Published: November 2018

Muestra Pageant of the Pacific. Mapas de Miguel Covarrubias. Biblioteca Justino Fernández, Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx., del 5 de junio al 15 de octubre 2018
Sentimento psicológico de comunidade: Estudo da escala SCI-2 num contexto associativo
Authors: Cunha Olga Oliveira , Ornelas José , Moniz Maria João Vargas
Published: November 2018

O Sentimento de Comunidade é um dos conceitos fundamentais da Psicologia Comunitária. Seymour Sarason, em 1974, define-o como a perceção de pertença, interdependência e compromisso mútuo que liga os indivíduos de uma comunidade. No modelo proposto por McMillan e Chavis (1986) identificam-se quatro dimensões: estatuto de membro, integração e satisfação de necessidades, influência e relações emocionais partilhadas.A investigação tem procurado desenvolver medidas adequadas para o sentimento psicológico de comunidade pelo que no presente artigo é objetivo dos autores apresentar uma tradução e adaptação cultural da SCI-2 desenvolvida por Chavis, Lee e Acosta (2008) para um contexto associativo centrada nos seus membros voluntários (n=811).Através da análise fatorial confirmatória, verificámos que a escala evidencia um constructo multidimensional constituído pelos quatro fatores do modelo referido tendo apenas sido eliminados 2 dos 24 itens da escala original sendo que se discute a sua pertinência face ao original.O modelo resultante permite analisar e discutir o sentimento de comunidade no contexto estudado.
Associação entre infertilidade e satisfação relacional: Estudo comparativo de díades consoante a situação reprodutiva
Authors: Andrade Soraia , Martins Mariana Veloso
Published: November 2018

Estudos recentes sugerem que a infertilidade tanto pode ser benéfica como danosa à relação conjugal. Esta divergência deve-se, em parte, à falta de grupos de controlo adequados e à não utilização da díade como unidade de análise. Este estudo teve como objetivo testar a existência de diferenças significativas ao nível da satisfação relacional e do consenso diádico nesta variável em 358 casais, divididos em quatro grupos consoante a experiência de infertilidade e de parentalidade. Recorrendo a análises multivariadas de covariância, foram utilizadas como variáveis dependentes a satisfação relacional feminina e masculina e o respetivo consenso diádico, e como variáveis de controlo as idades feminina e masculina, a duração da relação, e a satisfação reportada pelo parceiro. Não se verificaram efeitos significativos da satisfação reprodutiva nos níveis feminino e masculino de satisfação relacional e no consenso diádico nos quatro grupos, mantendo-se os resultados após introdução das covariáveis. Pese embora a necessidade de investigações futuras que possam acompanhar os casais longitudinalmente e idealmente antes ainda de iniciar o projeto de parentalidade, estes resultados sugerem que a vivência de barreiras à fertilidade por si só não afeta a satisfação relacional.