bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological features and prognostic nomogram of giant cell carcinoma of the lung: A population‐based study
Authors: He Jiang , Ni Jin‐Ping , Li Guang‐Bin , Yao Jie , Ni Bin
Published: January 2023

Background

Due to its rarity, the features and prognosis of giant cell carcinoma of the lung (GCCL) are not well defined. The present study aimed to describe the clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of this rare disease, compare it with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), further determine the prognostic factors and establish a nomogram.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with GCCL and LAC were identified from the SEER database between 2004 and 2016. The features and survival between GCCL and LAC were compared in the unmatched and matched cohorts after propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify the prognostic factors, and a nomogram was constructed. Area under the curve (AUC), C‐index, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to confirm the established nomogram.

Results

A total of 295 patient diagnosed with GCCL and 149 082 patients with LAC were identified. Compared with LAC, patients with GCCL tend to be younger, male, black and have pathological Grade III/IV GCCL, more proportion of AJCC‐TNM‐IV, T3/T4 and distant metastases. The 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year OS rates of the patients with GCCL were 21.7%, 13.4% and 7.9%, respectively. The median OS and CSS were 3 and 4 months, respectively. Patients with GCCL had significantly shorter OS and CSS than those with LAC in the unmatched and matched cohorts after PSM. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that T, N and M stages and use of chemotherapy and surgery were independent of survival. Furthermore, we constructed a prognostic nomogram for OS and CSS by using independent prognostic factors. The C‐index of OS‐specific nomogram is 0.78 (0.74–0.81), and the C‐index of CSS‐specific nomogram is 0.77 (0.73–0.80). The calibration curve and ROC analysis showed good predictive capability of these nomograms. DCA showed that the nomogram had greater clinical practical value in predicting the OS and CSS of GCCL than TNM staging.

Conclusion

GCCL have distinct clinicopathological characteristics and significantly worse clinical outcomes. Prognostic nomograms for overall survival (OS) and CSS were constructed.
Staying in situ or shifting range under ongoing climate change: A case of an endemic herb in theHimalaya‐HengduanMountains across elevational gradients
Authors: Lin Nan , Liu Qun , Landis Jacob B. , Rana Hum Kala , Li Zhimin , Wang Hengchang , Sun Hang , Deng Tao
Published: January 2023

Aim

How species respond to ongoing climate change has been a hot research topic, especially with the controversy in shifting range (movement) or persisting in local habitat (in situ) as the primary response. Assessing the relative roles of range shifts, phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation helps us predict the evolutionary fate of species. We aim to explore the evolutionary strategies of plants under climate change from a keystone herb in alpine ecosystems,Mirabilis himalaica, along its elevational gradient.

Location

Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains, China.

Methods

We combined evidence from population genomics and ecological data in both space and time to investigate the state of “staying” or “moving”. We identified migration events by assessing historical and contemporary gene flow and changes in species distribution. Morphological variation was compared by measuring five traits using specimen data. Moreover, we explored climate‐driven genetic variation and local selection regimes acting on populations in the alpine landscape along an elevational gradient.

Results

Our results argue that staying in situ by morphological variation and local genetic evolution rather than range shifting plays an important role inM. himalaicaresponse to climate change. We first found trace evidence of upward or climatic‐driven shifting along an elevational gradient, although asymmetric gene flow was restricted within microenvironments of mid‐elevational populations. Furthermore, morphological variation comparisons revealed clinal variation, as resource allocation showed a declining pattern in vegetative growth but increased reproductive growth with increasing elevation. Outlier tests and environment association analyses indicated adaptative loci primarily related to thermal‐driven selection and continuous adaptations to high elevation in the Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains.

Main Conclusions

Our findings showM. himalaicamay persist in local habitats rather than shifting range under climate change, exhibiting a low risk of genomic vulnerability in current habitats. This study has important implications in improving our understanding of the evolutionary response in alpine plants to climate change.
Drivers and implications of combined investment in renewables and energy storage in the residential sector
Authors: Cho Na Rea , Kim Youngsoo , Murali Karthik , Yavuz Mesut
Published: January 2023

Residential consumers are increasingly combining renewables with energy storage systems. However, changes in policies and support for these technologies may impact their adoption and the outlook for the energy industry. In this paper, we consider a grid‐connected household's problem of determining the optimal capacities of these two technologies as well as the battery operating policy that minimizes its electricity costs when faced with time‐of‐use electricity prices and sellback credits. We identify the impact of household characteristics, technological progress, and electricity pricing policies on the levels of investment in these two technologies. Furthermore, we supplement our analytical results with a case study of two U.S. cities and identify policy guidelines for the design of a technology subsidy program aimed at stimulating the adoption of these technologies and the ensuing implications for residential customers, the environment, and grid reliability. Our paper has implications for several stakeholders in practice on (i) how the adoption of renewables is affected by energy storage (and vice versa) and (ii) how electricity pricing, technological progress, and subsidy policies can shape the adoption of both technologies.
Machine Learning–Based Profiling in Test Cheating Detection
Authors: Meng Huijuan , Ma Ye
Published: January 2023

In recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques have received more attention in detecting aberrant test‐taking behaviors due to advantages when compared to traditional data forensics methods. However, defining “True Test Cheaters” is challenging—different than other fraud detection tasks such as flagging forged bank checks or credit card frauds, testing organizations are often lack of physical evidences to identify “True Test Cheaters” to train ML models. This study proposed a statistically defensible method of labeling “True Test Cheaters” in the data, demonstrated the effectiveness of using ML approaches to identify irregular statistical patterns in exam data, and established an analytical framework for evaluating and conducting real‐time ML‐based test data forensics. Classification accuracy and false negative/positive results are evaluated across different supervised‐ML techniques. The reliability and feasibility of operationally using this approach for an IT certification exam are evaluated using real data.
Growing up in Nso: Changes and continuities in children's relational networks during the first three years of life
Authors: Lamm Bettina , Schmidt Wiebke Johanna , Ndzenyuiy Melody Ngaidzeyuf , Keller Heidi
Published: January 2023

It is an undisputed fact among attachment researchers that children need stability and continuity in their caregiving environment for optimal developmental outcomes. However, anthropological studies show that informal and often temporally limited kinship‐based foster care, including changes of children's primary caregivers, is widespread in some cultural contexts and considered normative and thus beneficial for children. Based on ethnographic interviews with Nso families in northwestern Cameroon, we analyzed the dynamics of caregiving arrangements and relational networks during infancy and early childhood. Exploring household compositions, caregiving responsibilities, children's preferred caregivers, and foster care arrangements revealed multiple caregiver networks, with the importance of the mother decreasing and the importance of alloparents and peers increasing as the children grow older. Also, families have fluid boundaries, with about one‐third of the children changing households in the first three years of life. The Nso children's experiences reflect a relational cultural model of infant care as a cooperative task and a communal conception of attachment. The results are discussed in relation to attachment theory's claims about universal patterns of development.
Treatment of congenital atypical haemangiosarcoma in a foal
Authors: Vázquez Bringas Francisco José , Romero Lasheras Antonio , Laborda García Alicia , Gómez‐Arrue Azpiazu Javier , García Jalón Ciércoles José Antonio , Vitoria Moraiz Arantza
Published: January 2023

Haemangiosarcoma is a rare vascular tumour in horses, usually originating from blood vessel endothelial cells. We present the case of an 8‐day‐old foal, referred for an atypical large subcutaneous mass on the left side since birth. Ultrasonographically, it showed multiple cavities with hypoechoic content, marked vascularisation and fluid movement between cavities. As the nature of the mass suggested that surgery could result in profuse bleeding, we decided to perform an initial arteriography to identify the pattern and calibre of the main vessels and embolisation of this vascular supply, which allowed surgical removal with less bleeding than expected. This approach, with pre‐surgical transarterial embolisation of the tumour, is not commonly used in equine surgery. Histology established a diagnosis of cutaneous haemangiosarcoma. During 1‐year post‐surgery, clinical and ultrasound examinations were carried out without any signs of recurrence or metastasis. One year later, the foal was euthanised due to a limb fracture. No macroscopic signs of metastasis were observed at necropsy. Histology showed no signs of recurrence. Cutaneous haemangiosarcomas, though rare, should be included in the differential of masses and growths with compatible ultrasound or cytological findings. Transcatheter arterial embolisation of highly vascularised neoplasms can reduce bleeding and facilitate subsequent surgical resection.
Profiles of perceived resources among low‐income, rural mothers: Prospective associations with maternal and child outcomes
Authors: Wu Qiong , Radey Melissa , Han Soo Jin , Jalapa Karina , Tawfiq Dania , McWey Lenore
Published: January 2023

Low‐income, rural families face significant mental health risks. However, the understanding of resources associated with mental health risks is limited. The present study investigated the associations between perceived resources of low‐income, rural mothers, and longitudinal maternal and child outcomes. This study utilized longitudinal data from the Family Life Project (N = 1203), from US rural areas with high poverty rates. Mothers reported their resources at 6‐month postpartum, and their levels of depression, anxiety, and role overload were assessed at 2‐year postpartum. Mothers reported their children's behavioral problems at 3 years old. Using a person‐centered approach, we identified four maternal profiles: lower resources (7.1%); higher intra‐family support (11.1%); higher inter‐family support (20.8%); and higher resources (60.9%). In general, the higher resource profile was associated with lower mental health concerns of mothers and lower levels of behavior problems of children. Mothers in the higher intra‐family support profile had disproportionately higher role overload. Children of mothers in the higher inter‐family support profile showed disproportionately higher behavioral problems. Maternal partner status and education were significant predictors of resource profiles. Findings support the heterogeneity in perceived resources among low‐income, rural families and different risk levels. Identifying these subgroups has significant implications for policy and interventions aimed toward this vulnerable population.
A higher order thermoelastic analysis of fatigue crack growth can assess crack tip shielding
Authors: Camacho‐Reyes Alonso , Vasco‐Olmo Jose M. , James M. Neil , Diaz Francisco A.
Published: January 2023

The present work uses a more accurate thermoelastic formulation than the classical equation, based on the inclusion of a higher order term, to analyze crack tip thermoelastic data. It is shown that this thermoelastic analysis (TSA) model can be fitted to the Christopher–James–Patterson crack tip field model and hence provides information on crack tip shielding. To validate the results of this analysis, stress intensity factors (SIFs) were compared with results obtained from digital image correlation (also fitted to the CJP model). A comparison was also made between these CJP‐derived SIF values and those obtained using a purely elastic Irwin–Westergaard approach. A high level of agreement was observed between DIC and TSA results in assessing ΔKCJPthat is the net result of the driving and the shielding forces on the crack tip. The ability to assess shielding using TSA is a significant step forward in its potential use in a more accurate characterization of crack tip fields.
Variations in leaf anatomical characteristics drive the decrease of mesophyll conductance in poplar under elevated ozone
Authors: Xu Yansen , Feng Zhaozhong , Peng Jinlong , Uddling Johan
Published: January 2023

Decline in mesophyll conductance (gm) plays a key role in limiting photosynthesis in plants exposed to elevated ozone (O3). Leaf anatomical traits are known to influence gm, but the potential effects of O3‐induced changes in leaf anatomy on gm have not yet been clarified. Here, two poplar clones were exposed to elevated O3. The effects of O3 on the photosynthetic capacity and anatomical characteristics were assessed to investigate the leaf anatomical properties that potentially affect gm. We also conducted global meta‐analysis to explore the general response patterns of gm and leaf anatomy to O3 exposure. We found that the O3‐induced reduction in gm was critical in limiting leaf photosynthesis. Changes in liquid‐phase conductance rather than gas‐phase conductance drive the decline in gm under elevated O3, and this effect was associated with thicker cell walls and smaller chloroplast sizes. The effects of O3 on palisade and spongy mesophyll cell traits and their contributions to gm were highly genotype‐dependent. Our results suggest that, while anatomical adjustments under elevated O3 may contribute to defense against O3 stress, they also cause declines in gm and photosynthesis. These results provide the first evidence of anatomical constraints on gm under elevated O3.
The emotional experience of mothers of children with haemophilia: maternal guilt, effective coping strategies and resilience within the haemophilia community
Authors: Sheridan Nina , Thompson Beth , Lichten Lauren , Coleman Karlene , Sidonio Robert
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Mothers of children with haemophilia (CWH) experience guilt related to this genetic condition. Several factors contributing to maternal guilt have been identified, but the scope and extent of guilt have not previously been quantified.

Aim

This study provides insight into the experience of mothers of CWH and how they perceive and manage guilt. It then identifies the most common and helpful coping mechanisms.

Methods

Between May and October 2021, we distributed an anonymous electronic survey to mothers of CWH. The Parent Experience of Child Illness measured maternal guilt, the PROMIS Parent Proxy for Life Satisfaction measured perception of their child's life satisfaction and additional questions explored specific guilt factors and coping strategies.

Results

Eighty‐seven mothers responded to the survey. Forty percent of mothers experienced increased guilt. The most common reasons for guilt included putting their child through pain during infusions and passing on the affected X chromosome. Perceived life satisfaction, increased age and genetic counselling were associated with less guilt. The most common coping strategies involved utilizing social support, self‐education and connecting with other mothers in the community.

Conclusion

Some mothers experienced increased feelings of guilt, illustrating the need for providers to tactfully provide anticipatory guidance and counselling. Tangible manifestations of haemophilia were more likely to trigger feelings of guilt than familial factors. Community immersion was beneficial, as other mothers in the community served as a source of social and educational support. Most mothers did not report guilt, illustrating the adaptability and resilience of the haemophilia community.
Hungry bone syndrome after parathyroid surgery
Authors: Tai Ya‐Ling , Shen Hsin‐Yi , Nai Wei‐Hsuan , Fu Jen‐Fen , Wang I‐Kuan , Huang Chien‐Chang , Weng Cheng‐Hao , Lee Cheng‐Chia , Huang Wen‐Hung , Yang Huang‐Yu , Hsu Ching‐Wei , Yen Tzung‐Hai
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Data on the incidence rates of hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy in patients on dialysis are inconsistent, as the published rates vary from 15.8% to 92.9%.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2019, 120 hemodialysis patients underwent parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The patients were stratified into two groups based on the presence (n = 100) or absence (n = 20) of hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy.

Findings

Subtotal parathyroidectomy was the most common surgery performed (76.7%), followed by total parathyroidectomy with autoimplantation (23.3%). Pathological examination revealed parathyroid hyperplasia. Hungry bone syndrome developed within 0.3 ± 0.3 months and lasted for 11.1 ± 14.7 months. After surgery, compared with patients without hungry bone syndrome, patients with hungry bone syndrome had lower levels of nadir corrected calcium (P < 0.001), as well as lower nadir (P < 0.001) and peak (P < 0.001) intact parathyroid hormone levels. During 59.3 ± 44.0 months of follow‐up, persistence and recurrence of hyperparathyroidism occurred in 25 (20.8%) and 30 (25.0%) patients, respectively. Furthermore, patients with hungry bone syndrome had a lower rate of persistent hyperparathyroidism than those without hungry bone syndrome (P < 0.001). Four patients (3.3%) underwent a second parathyroidectomy. Patients with hungry bone syndrome received fewer second parathyroidectomies than those without hungry bone syndrome (P < 0.001). Finally, a multivariate logistic regression model revealed that the preoperative blood ferritin level was a negative predictor of the development of hungry bone syndrome (P = 0.038).

Discussion

Hungry bone syndrome is common (83.3%) after parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients undergoing hemodialysis, and this complication should be monitored and managed appropriately.
The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score is a prognostic factor for Child–Pugh A patients undergoing curative hepatic resection for single and small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Toshida Katsuya , Itoh Shinji , Kayashima Hiroto , Nagao Yoshihiro , Yoshiya Shohei , Tomino Takahiro , Fujimoto Yukiko Kosai , Tsutsui Yuriko , Nakayama Yuki , Harada Noboru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu
Published: January 2023

Aim

The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score reflects the immune system and the nutritional status of patients, and prognosis in various cancers. However, the HALP score in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been reported.

Methods

Data were analyzed retrospectively from Child–Pugh A patients undergoing hepatic resection for single hepatocellular carcinoma ≤5 cm. For cross‐validation, patients were divided into the training (332 patients) and validation cohort (210 patients). In the training cohort, we divided patients into two groups by appropriate cut‐off value of the HALP score, and univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted for disease‐free and overall survival (OS) between two groups. In the validation cohort, we examined OS by Kaplan–Meier analysis in the same cut‐off value of the HALP score in the training cohort.

Results

The HALP‐low group was significantly older (p = 0.0003), had fewer hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive patients (p = 0.0369), higher prothrombin time (p = 0.0141), lower fibrosis‐4 index (p = 0.0206), bigger maximum tumor size (p = 0.0196), and less histological liver fibrosis (p = 0.0077). Multivariate analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors for disease‐free survival were fibrosis‐4 index ≥2.67 (p = 0.0008), simple nodular type with extranodular growth or confluent multinodular type (p = 0.0221), and intrahepatic metastasis (p = 0.0233), and that for OS were fibrosis‐4 index ≥2.67 (p = 0.0020), HALP ≤45.6 (p = 0.0228), and poor differentiation (p = 0.0305). In the validation cohort, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed the trend toward significantly impaired OS (p = 0.0220) in the HALP‐low group.

Conclusion

We showed that a low HALP score is the independent prognostic factor for Child–Pugh A patients undergoing curative hepatic resection for single and small hepatocellular carcinoma.
Terminal flourishes but not trills differ between urban and rural Chaffinch song
Authors: Yelimlieş Alper , Atalas Berkay , Önsal Çağla , Akçay Çağlar
Published: January 2023

Animals can evade interference from anthropogenic noise using strategies such as shifting frequencies upwards or increasing the duration of their signals. In this study, we compared the time and frequency‐related characteristics of songs and rain calls of Common Chaffinches Fringilla coelebs inhabiting rural forests and an urban park in Turkey. Most of the song phrases and rain calls did not differ in any of the characteristics measured between urban and rural Chaffinches but, contrary to our predictions, terminal flourish phrases of the songs had lower minimum frequencies and broader bandwidth in urban territories. These results suggest either that noise has limited effect on the Chaffinch vocalizations or that Chaffinch vocalizations in urban habitats are less well adapted for efficient transmission.
Impact of chemical and rheological properties on 3D printability and starch digestibility of potato pastes from different cultivars
Authors: Sasaki Tomoko
Published: January 2023

Potato paste is a potential material for 3D food printing owing to its high printability. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of potato characteristics on the printability of 3D food printer and starch digestibility, using potato pastes prepared from six potato cultivars with a wide range of cooking properties. The potato sample with the lowest starch content, peak viscosity and hardness of the printed products showed high levels of printability, including smoothness and formability. The difference in yield stress determined by stress sweep test reflected the variation in printability among potato cultivars. Potato samples with higher quality of smoothness and formability of the printed products showed a lower yield stress (968–1980 Pa), whereas those with poor printability showed relatively higher yield stress (3072–3167 Pa). The potato sample with the highest amylose content, setback viscosity and storage shear modulus demonstrated the lowest rapidly digestible starch (69.3%) and highest content of undigested starch after 120 min incubation (24.2%). The chemical and rheological properties of potato were shown to play important roles in improving the printability and nutritional value of paste as ink.
The feasibility of a digital health approach to facilitate remote dental screening among preschool children during COVID‐19 and social restrictions
Authors: Azimi Somayyeh , Estai Mohamed , Patel Jilen , Silva Desiree
Published: January 2023

Background

Tele‐dentistry can be useful to facilitate screening of children, especially those living in rural and remote communities, and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Aim

This study evaluated the feasibility of tele‐dental screening for the identification of early childhood caries (ECC) in preschoolers using an app operated by their parents with remote review by oral‐health therapists.

Design

This cross‐sectional study was a sub‐project nested in ORIGINS Project, a longitudinal birth cohort study in Western Australia. Initially, children were visually examined by a paediatric dentist (gold standard). Subsequently, dental photographs were taken by parents using a smartphone camera. Two trained oral health professionals asynchronously evaluated dental photographs. The presence of dental caries was recorded as per the International Caries Detection and Assessment System‐II classification. The diagnostic accuracy and reliability of the tele‐dental screening and the gold standard dental examinations were then compared.

Results

Forty‐two children aged <4 years were enrolled in the study. Twenty‐five per cent of examined children had dental caries (mean dmfs = 0.7). A total of 370 dental photographs were obtained. Parents were able to take good‐quality photographs, with 90% of photographs rated as good to fair quality. Tele‐dental screening demonstrated high specificity (>=95.5%) for both reviewers compared to the gold standard dental examination. However, the sensitivity scores for the two reviewers varied, ranging from 44% to 88.4%.

Conclusion

Tele‐dental screening for ECC was shown to be a feasible approach following a brief training for primary caregivers. This approach can offer a potential low‐cost and sustainable alternative for visual dental examinations for young children, particularly in times of COVID‐19‐related restrictions.
A new route to fabricate high‐performance binderless tungsten carbide: Dynamic sinter forging
Authors: Zhao Ke , Feng Puzhen , Tan Jian , Zhong Weimin , Liu Jinling , Liu Dianguang , Kang Guozheng , An Linan
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we report the synthesis of fully dense and ultrafine‐grained binderless tungsten carbide (WC) by novel dynamic sinter forging. A nearly fully dense sample was obtained at 1500°C and 220 ± 30 MPa@90 min. The hardness and fracture toughness of the sample with forging time of 180 min are 29.6 GPa and 7.3 MPa·m1/2, respectively, much higher than the counterparts prepared by conventional sinter forging and other techniques. The enhanced densification and mechanical properties are attributed to the intragranular plastic deformation accommodated grain‐boundary sliding induced by oscillatory pressure during dynamic sinter forging. The current results suggest a promising approach for the manufacturing of high‐performance binderless WCs. Also, the method is likely applicable to other material systems.
Association between depression diagnosis and educational attainment trajectories: an historical cohort study using linked data
Authors: Wickersham Alice , Carter Ben , Jewell Amelia , Ford Tamsin , Stewart Robert , Downs Johnny
Published: January 2023

Background

Depression symptoms are thought to be associated with lower educational attainment, but patterns of change in attainment among those who receive a clinical diagnosis of depression at any point during childhood and adolescence remain unclear.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of an existing data linkage between a national educational dataset (National Pupil Database) and pseudonymised electronic health records (Clinical Record Interactive Search) from a large mental healthcare provider in London, United Kingdom (2007 to 2013). A cohort of 222,027 pupils were included. We used Growth Mixture Modelling (GMM) and stakeholder input to estimate trajectories of standardised educational attainment over School Years 2, 6 and 11. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were then used to investigate the association between resulting educational attainment trajectory membership (outcome) and depression diagnosis any time before age 18 (exposure).

Results

A five‐trajectory GMM solution for attainment was derived: (1) average/high‐stable, (2) average‐modest declining, (3) average‐steep declining, (4) low‐improving and (5) low‐stable. After adjusting for clinical and sociodemographic covariates, having a depression diagnosis before age 18 was associated with occupying the average‐modest declining trajectory (RRR = 2.80, 95% CI 2.36–3.32, p < .001) or the average‐steep declining trajectory (RRR = 3.54, 95% CI 3.10–4.04, p < .001), as compared to the average/high‐stable trajectory.

Conclusions

Receiving a diagnosis of depression before age 18 was associated with a relative decline in attainment throughout school. While these findings cannot support a causal direction, they nonetheless suggest a need for timely mental health and educational support among pupils struggling with depression.
Idiopathic hirsutism and dyslipidemia: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regressions
Authors: Amiri Mina , Mahmoudieh Leila , Sheidaei Ali , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh
Published: January 2023

Background

Despite existing several kinds of studies on idiopathic hirsutism (IH) and its association with metabolic disturbances, a limited number of studies have assessed lipid profiles in patients with IH with conflicting and inconclusive results. This study aimed to evaluate the lipid profiles in women with IH, compared to those of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls.

Materials and Methods

For this systematic review and meta‐analysis, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched to obtain studies published from inception to July 2021 investigating the lipid parameters, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in women with IH, compared to control groups. A meta‐regression and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore heterogeneity sources. Publication bias was assessed by the Egger test.

Results

Of 209 studies retrieved through searching databases and other sources, a total of 12 studies including 3913 participants were included for the meta‐analysis. This meta‐analysis showed higher standardized mean difference (SMD) of TC (SMD: 0.09 mg/dl; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.18) and lower SMD of HDL‐C (SMD: −0.10 mg/dl; 95% CI: −0.18, −0.02) in women with IH, compared to those of the healthy controls, whereas there were no significant differences in the SMDs of TG and LDL‐C between the study groups. This study also revealed no difference in the levels of lipid profiles of women with IH in comparison with PCOS patients, except for TG (SMD: −0.24 mg/dl; 95% CI: −0.46, −0.02). The results of subgroup analysis based on the study design revealed no significant differences in the SMD of lipid parameters between women with IH and healthy controls. We also found no significant difference in the levels of lipid profiles of women with IH versus PCOS patients, except for HDL‐C in the subgroup of case–control studies (SMD: 0.18 mg/dl; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.34).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that the majority of lipid parameters were not significantly different in women with IH, compared to those of healthy and PCOS controls.
Profiling of phytochemicals using LC‐ESI‐MS2, in vitro, in vivo characterization and cosmeceutical effects of Alpinia galanga (wild) extract loaded emulgel
Authors: khan Muhammad Shahzad , Adnan Qazi , Akhtar Naveed
Published: January 2023

Background

The potential as a depigmenting agent, sun protection, and healthy benefits is indicated by the sun protection factor, radical scavenging, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Alpinia galanga (wild).

Aims

A stable emulgel containing A .galanga (wild) extract is prepared. This emulgel is then characterized by in vitro evaluation and identification of contents by LC‐ESI‐MS2. In vivo performance is counted in terms of moisturizing, melanin level, erythema, sebum, skin fine pores and large pores analysis, and other related physiological skin parameters.

Methods

DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid counts were used to measure the free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory capability of A .galanga (wild) extract, respectively. LC‐ESI‐MS2 used for phytochemical analysis. Emulgels synthesize, and their globule size, Ultracentrifugation, pH, and conductivity were all evaluated. Among the developed formulations, the optimal emulgels formulation underwent 90‐day stability tests for organoleptic characteristics and rheology at 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 40°C + 75% RH (relative humidity). Using sebumeter®, mexameter®, and corneometer®, changes in skin physiological parameters were assessed over the course of 12 weeks in 13 healthy male, Asian volunteers. VisioFace® is used for computational analysis of high‐resolution pictures to determine the % area, fine pore counts, and large pore counts of the skin.

Results

The antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory potential and counts of total phenolic and flavonoids of A .galanga (wild) extract were impressive (85%, 75%, and 48.0 mg GAE/g and 14.37 mg quercetin/g, respectively). In terms of stability evaluation, globule size (0.7528 ± 0.192 μm). Optimized A .galanga (wild) ethanol aqueous (AGEA) extract loaded emulgel was stable in terms of organoleptic and in vitro evaluation. The AGEA formulation significantly reduced the amount of sebum, erythema, fine pore counts, large pore counts, fine pore % area and large pores area percentage while significantly improved the moisture and elasticity of the skin.

Conclusion

A stable A .galanga (wild) extract loaded emulgel was successfully produced that improved the skin physiological parameters in terms of skin's sebum, erythema, moisturizing, melanin, and pores.
Cera‐Glow, ferment lysates of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosusIDCC 3201, improves skin barrier function in clinical study
Authors: Lee Minjee , Kim Myun Soo , Jang Sung Hee , Kim Hayoung , Kim Gwang Seob , Lee Hyerin , Park Hyun Min , Yang Jungwoo
Published: January 2023

Background

Ceramides are essential lipids in stratum corneum for skin permeability barrier function in that they retain the skin moisture and protect from the invasion of foreign pathogens. Previously, we demonstrated that ferment lysates of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 enhanced ceramide production in human epidermal keratinocytes. Furthermore, for comprehensive knowledge of this effect, in vitro experiments and multi‐omics analysis were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Aims

This study was designed to identify whether a cosmetic sample (i.e., Cera‐Glow) containing the lysates improves the skin barrier function in clinical trials.

Patients/Methods

Twenty‐four female participants (45.46 ± 9.78 years) had been enrolled in the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement for 5 days and 21 female participants (50.33 ± 5.74 years) had undergone a skin hydration evaluation for 4 weeks. TEWL and skin hydration were evaluated using a Tewameter and the Epsilon Permittivity Imaging System, respectively. After applying the Cera‐Glow sample, all participants recorded a satisfaction survey questionnaire (e.g., satisfaction, efficacy, and adverse reactions).

Results

Application of Cera‐Glow significantly improved transepidermal water loss induced by 1% (w/v) sodium lauryl sulfate (p < 0.05–0.01) and increased skin hydration (p < 0.01). Metabolic analysis suggested that Cera‐Glow should contain beneficial gradients for skin barrier function. According to the questionnaire, most of participants were satisfied with the skin hydration improvement and efficacy of Cera‐Glow.

Conclusions

Cera‐Glow, ferment lysates of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201, can significantly improve skin barrier function.
Topical Lactiplantibacillus plantarumLB244R® ointment alleviates skin aging: An exploratory trial
Authors: Falholt Elvebakken Helena , Bruntse Anders Bech , Vedel Charlotte , Kjærulff Søren
Published: January 2023

Background

The skin is of vital importance for health and well‐being. As people age, the skin undergoes visual and morphological changes such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, increased pigmentation, and decreased cell turnover. This is not only visually unappealing to many but can also pose health issues.

Aim

In this study, a probiotic ointment (PO) containing live lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LB244R®) was investigated for its ability to alleviate symptoms of skin aging in an exploratory clinical trial.

Methods

The PO was applied twice daily for 56 days by 21 subjects. Anti‐aging efficacy was evaluated by skin ultrasonography, skin biomechanical properties, skin hydration, and clinical evaluations at day 0, 28, and 56.

Results

Sub‐epidermal low echogenic band thickness decreased (0.261 ± 0.069 mm to 0.247 ± 0.055 mm) after 56 days. Dermal density increased (324.689 ± 57.506 pixel/mm2 to 367.831 ± 75.790 pixel/mm2). Skin hydration increased (34.1 ± 6.9 to 51.3 ± 10.0 AU). Additionally, skin firmness increased, as shown by decreasing values (0.264 ± 0.038 to 0.228 ± 0.037 mm). Skin elasticity increased (0.578 ± 0.045 to 0.618 ± 0.044). Trans‐epidermal water loss decreased (9.1 ± 2.0 g/h/m2 to 8.5 ± 1.3). All clinical evaluations, Crow's feet, spot score, smoothness score, and complexion radiance, were improved.

Conclusion

The PO improved all measured parameters with statistical significance after 56 days of application, clearly demonstrating the potential of the PO as an anti‐aging agent and reaffirming the potential of topical probiotic LAB. Future studies need to elucidate the mode of action of anti‐aging effects by probiotics, but at present time, this study paves the way for the use of probiotic LAB topically to alleviate aging of the skin.
Prevalence of oral behaviours in general dental patients attending a university clinic in Italy
Authors: Reda Bachar , Lobbezoo Frank , Contardo Luca , El‐Outa Abbass , Moro Luca , Pollis Matteo , Aarab Ghizlane , Manfredini Daniele
Published: January 2023

Background

Oral behaviors represent a diverse array of habits beyond the physiological behaviors of the stomatognathic system.

Objective

To describe the prevalence of different oral behaviors, as reported with the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC‐21), in a convenience sample of patients attending an Italian university clinic for routine dental cares.

Methods

In this study, charts of adult patients presenting to the dental department of a regional hospital in Trieste, Italy, from January 2018 and January 2019 were reviewed. Patients with complete files were retrieved, and those with orofacial pain complaints were excluded. OBC‐21 scores and grades (score of 0 corresponding to no risk, 1‐24 to low risk, and higher than 24 to high risk) were analyzed and stratified according to age and sex.

Results

Data from a total of 1424 patients were reported. The overall mean OBC score was 13.3 ± 9.9, with 6.7% no‐risk grade, 79.6% low‐risk grade, and 13.7% high‐risk grade. In general, mean OBC scores decreased with increasing age. Females showed a higher frequency of high‐risk grade than males. Most frequent prevalent habits included yawning (73.1%), eating between meals (66.9%) and chewing food on one side only (63.3%). Other behaviors were also highly prevalent, including pressing, touching, or holding teeth together other than while eating (52.7%) and awake clenching (47.5%).

Conclusion

A low‐risk grade of oral behaviors has been found to be frequent in our sample. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings in larger, representative general populations and to assess if any of these habits are linked to negative effects on the stomatognathic system.
A micro‐computed tomography analysis of internal and marginal fits of fixed partial dentures: Effect of preparation finish line designs on monolithic zirconia and heat‐pressed zirconia‐reinforced lithium disilicate
Authors: Elsherbini Mohammed , Sakrana Amal Abdelsamad , Amin Rahma A , Diaa Mohamed , Özcan Mutlu , Al‐Zordk Walid
Published: January 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of finish line design (chamfer and feather‐edge) and ceramic type on the internal and marginal fits of fixed partial dentures on abutment teeth.

Materials and methods

Two typodont mandibular casts, missing right first premolar tooth, received tooth preparation on canine and second premolar abutments (one cast with chamfer finish line and the other cast with feather‐edge finish line). The preparation segment of each typodont model was scanned, 3D printed in resin, and then invested and casted in metal to obtain two metal models. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were made for the metal models and poured in type IV stone. The stone models (n = 40) were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10): chamfer finish line with heat‐pressed zirconia reinforced lithium disilicate fixed partial denture (CL), chamfer finish line with monolithic zirconia fixed partial denture (CZ), feather‐edge finish line with heat‐pressed zirconia‐reinforced lithium disilicate fixed partial denture (FL), and feather‐edge finish line with monolithic zirconia fixed partial denture (FZ). After the fabrication of ceramic restoration, micro‐computed tomography was used to evaluate the internal and marginal fits of each fixed partial denture. Data were statistically analyzed with three‐way ANOVA (α = 0.05).

Results

There were no significant interactions between preparation type, material type, and tooth type at any of the areas assessed. There was significant difference (p = 0.01) between CZ (59.15 ± 4.6 µm) and FZ (73.6 ± 17.1 µm) groups at the finish line area. Regarding the horizontal marginal discrepancy area, there were significant differences between CZ (62.65 ± 10.5 µm) and FZ (90.05 ± 5.6 µm) groups (p < 0.001), CL (77.45 ± 8.1 µm) and CZ (62.65 ± 10.5 µm) groups (p < 0.001), and FZ (90.05 ± 5.6 µm) and CL (77.45 ± 8.1 µm) groups (p < 0.001). At finish line area, there was a significant difference (p = 0.018) between feather‐edge with canine (72.75 ± 13.3 µm) and chamfer with canine (59.05 ± 5.8 µm); however, there was no significant difference (p = 0.774) between feather‐edge with premolar (69.45 ± 12 µm) and chamfer with premolar (65.1 ± 7.4 µm). Moreover, there was no significant difference (p = 0.886) between feather‐edge with canine and feather‐edge with premolar.

Conclusions

The internal and marginal fits of the ceramic fixed partial dentures can be affected by the finish line design and ceramic type. The feather‐edge finish line had a negative impact on the marginal and internal fits of ceramic fixed partial dentures at certain measurement points. Regarding the effect of finish line design on abutment teeth, the difference in fit was only detected at the finish line area of the anterior abutment (canine) with the feather‐edge finish line.
The social, emotional, and behavioral skill antecedents to college students' volunteering during theCOVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sewell Madison N. , Napolitano Christopher M. , Roberts Brent W. , Soto Christopher J. , Yoon Hee J.
Published: January 2023

The disruptions to community functioning caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic spurred individuals to action. This empirical study investigated the social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skill antecedents to college students' volunteering during the COVID‐19 pandemic (N = 248,Mage = 20.6). We assessed eight SEB skills at the onset of a volunteering program, and students' volunteer hours were assessed 10‐weeks later. Approximately 41.5% of the sample did not complete any volunteer hours. Higher levels of perspective taking skill, abstract thinking skill, and stress regulation were associated with more time spent volunteering. These results suggest that strength in particular SEB skills can prospectively predict prosocial civic behaviors.
Topical fluoride hesitancy among caregivers: Development of a content‐valid topical fluoride hesitancy identification item pool
Authors: Edwards Todd C. , Carle Adam , Kerr Darragh , Carpiano Richard M. , Nguyen Daisy Patiño , Orack Joshua C. , Chi Donald L.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To develop a content‐valid set of items to characterize different types of topical fluoride hesitancy among caregivers. We will use this information to develop and test tailor‐made interventions directed to caregivers with varied types and levels of topical fluoride hesitancy, to ultimately improve child oral health.

Methods

Caregivers participated in three study activities, in the following order: (1) semi‐structured concept elicitation interviews (n = 56), (2) cognitive interviews (n = 9), and (3) usability interviews (n = 3). Interviews were conducted via telephone and audio‐recorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis. Twelve pediatric dental providers and researchers participated in item review. An assessment of reading level of items was made with goal of 6th grade reading level or less.

Results

Based on elicitation interviews, we initially developed 271 items, which the investigative team evaluated for conceptual clarity, specificity to topical fluoride hesitancy, and sensitivity to potential interventions. After four rounds of review and cognitive interviews, we retained 33 items across five previously identified domains. Changes after cognitive interviews included item revision to improve comprehension and item re‐ordering to avoid order effects. Changes after usability testing including clarification regarding referent child for families with multiple children. The reading level of the item pool is grade 3.2.

Conclusions

The resulting 33‐item fluoride hesitancy item pool is content valid and will address an important need for identifying and addressing topical fluoride hesitancy in the context of dental research and clinical practice. Next steps include psychometric evaluation to assess scale and test–retest reliability and construct validity.
Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in dogs undergoing MRI for a thoracolumbar vertebral column pathology
Authors: Paran E. , Major A. C. , Warren‐Smith C. , Hezzell M. J. , MacFarlane P.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence and extent of gastroesophageal reflux, and the prevalence of regurgitation in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging, and to explore possible associations of reflux and regurgitation with signalment (breed, age, sex, neuter status), bodyweight, body condition score and drugs used in the anaesthetic protocol.

Materials and Methods

The thoracic part of the oesophagus was retrospectively assessed for presence and quantification of fluid on two T2 weighted sequences. Patient breed, age, sex, neuter status, weight and body condition score were recorded. Anaesthetic records were reviewed for the presence of regurgitation and detailed anaesthetic protocols.

Results

Fifty percent (95% confidence interval: 45 to 57%) of included dogs had evidence of gastroesophageal reflux. Reflux was not associated with the individual breed, age, sex, neuter status or body weight. Brachycephalic dogs did not demonstrate significantly higher rates of reflux compared to non‐brachycephalic dogs. A larger volume of reflux was associated with a higher chance of regurgitation.

Clinical Significance

Gastroesophageal reflux is a common finding in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging. Dogs which regurgitated had higher volumes of reflux. Early detection and quantification of the volume of reflux is helpful as it may allow the anaesthetist to take measures which may reduce the risk of associated complications.