bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Electrochemical Interfacial Polymerization for Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Electrochromism
Authors: Wang Ying‐Ao , Wu Qiong , Wang Xun , Jiang Min , Zhang Rui , Chen Xiao‐Juan , Liang Ru‐Ping , Qiu Jian‐Ding
Published: August 2024

A rapid in situ synthesis of electrochromic covalent organic frameworks (EC‐COFs) was proposed by using green electrochemical interface polymerization of N,N,N’,N’‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)‐1,4‐benzenediamine (TPDA) and 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (DHBD). The synthetized TPDA‐DHBD films exhibit stable polymorphic color variations under different applied potentials, which can be attributed to the redox state changes of bis(triphenylamine) and imine electroactive functional groups within the COFs skeleton. TPDA‐DHBD represents markedly different electrochromisms from red to cyan due to the steric hindrance effect caused by the presence of UO22+, demonstrating the unique tunability of COFs materials. This work offers a new feasible idea for rapid EC‐COFs synthesis and tunable EC‐COFs realization.
Reaction of β‐Ketoester and 1,3‐Diol to Access Chemically Recyclable and Mechanically Robust Poly(vinyl alcohol) Thermosets through Incorporation of β‐(1,3‐dioxane)ester
Authors: Ma Youwei , Zheng Chihui , Slor Gadi , Özkan Melis , Gubelmann Oliviero Julien , Stellacci Francesco
Published: August 2024

The development of mechanically robust, chemically stable, and yet recyclable polymers represents an essential undertaking in the context of advancing a circular economy for plastics. Here, we introduce a novel cleavable β‐(1,3‐dioxane)ester (DXE) linkage, synthesized through the catalyst‐free reaction of β‐ketoester and 1,3‐diol, to cross‐link poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for the formation of high‐performance thermosets with inherent chemical recyclability. PVA, modified with β‐ketoester groups through the transesterification reaction with excess tert‐butyl acetoacetate, undergoes cross‐linking reactions with the unmodified 1,3‐diols within PVA itself upon thermal treatment. The cross‐linking architecture improves PVA’s mechanical properties, with Young's modulus and toughness that can reach up to 656 MPa and 84 MJ cm−3, i.e. approximately 3‐ and 12‐fold those of linear PVA, respectively. Thermal treatment of the cross‐linked PVA polymers under acid conditions leads to deconstruction of the networks, enabling the excellent recovery (>90 %) of PVA. In the absence of either thermal or acidic treatment, the cross‐linked PVA maintains its dimensional stability. We show that the recovery of PVA is also possible when the treatment is performed in the presence of other plastics commonly found in recycling mixtures. Furthermore, PVA‐based composites comprising carbon fibers and activated charcoal cross‐linked by the DXE linkages are also shown to be recyclable with recovery of the PVA and the fillers.
Abnormal Gas Generation during First Discharge Process of Sodium Ion Battery
Authors: Deng Xin , Huang Yu , Han Yan , Du Jinqiao , Tian Jie , Li Yan , Yu Yifei , Shen Yue , Huang Yunhui
Published: August 2024

In recent years, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted a lot of attention and are considered an ideal alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). The hard carbon (HC) anode in SIBs presents a unique challenge for studying the formation process of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during initial cycling, owing to its distinctive porous structure. This study employs a combination of ultrasonic scanning techniques and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry to conduct an in‐depth analysis of the two‐dimensional distribution and composition of gases during the formation process. The findings reveal distinct gas evolution behaviors in SIBs compared to LIBs during formation. Notably, significant gas evolution is observed during the discharge phase of the formation cycle in SIBs, with higher discharge rates leading to increased gas evolution rates. This phenomenon is likely attributed to the adsorption of CO2 gas by the abundant pores in HC, followed by desorption during discharge. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the addition of 5A molecular sieves, which competitively adsorb gases, effectively reduces gas adsorption on the anode during formation, thereby significantly enhancing battery performance. This research elucidates the gas adsorption and desorption behavior at the battery interface, providing new insights into the SEI formation process in SIBs.
Steering the Site Distance of Atomic Cu−Cu Pairs by First‐Shell Halogen Coordination Boosts CO2‐to‐C2 Selectivity
Authors: Ma Fengya , Zhang Pengfang , Zheng Xiaobo , Chen Liang , Li Yunrui , Zhuang Zechao , Fan Yameng , Jiang Peng , Zhao Hui , Zhang Jiawei , Dong Yuming , Zhu Yongfa , Wang Dingsheng , Wang Yao
Published: August 2024

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into C2 products of high economic value provides a promising strategy to realize resourceful CO2 utilization. Rational design and construct dual sites to realize the CO protonation and C−C coupling to unravel their structure‐performance correlation is of great significance in catalysing electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions. Herein, Cu−Cu dual sites with different site distance coordinated by halogen at the first‐shell are constructed and shows a higher intramolecular electron redispersion and coordination symmetry configurations. The long‐range Cu−Cu (Cu−I−Cu) dual sites show an enhanced Faraday efficiency of C2 products, up to 74.1 %, and excellent stability. In addition, the linear relationships that the long‐range Cu−Cu dual sites are accelerated to C2H4 generation and short‐range Cu−Cu (Cu−Cl−Cu) dual sites are beneficial for C2H5OH formation are disclosed. In situ electrochemical attenuated total reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, in situ Raman and theoretical calculations manifest that long‐range Cu−Cu dual sites can weaken reaction energy barriers of CO hydrogenation and C−C coupling, as well as accelerating deoxygenation of *CH2CHO. This study uncovers the exploitation of site‐distance‐dependent electrochemical properties to steer the CO2 reduction pathway, as well as a potential generic tactic to target C2 synthesis by constructing the desired Cu−Cu dual sites.
Current research status and development trends in rolling oil sludge treatment
Authors: Ge Lichao , Mai Longhui , Li Qian , Rong Nai , Wang Yang , Yang Qingyuan , Song Hongda , Xu Chang
Published: August 2024

Rolling oil sludge (ROS) is a type of solid waste produced during steel rolling; this waste contains not only a high iron content but also many harmful organic components and is a very attractive secondary resource. This paper introduces the sources and hazards of ROS, summarizes the recycling methods integrated with steel production, classifies traditional treatment technologies, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Combined treatment is the main direction of ROS treatment methods in the future. The ROS recycling techniques applied in different industries are summarized. Finally, existing problems and future work are described to promote the remediation and resource utilization of ROS.
Revealing flow structures in horizontal pipe and biomass combustor using computational fluid dynamics simulation
Authors: Steven Soen , Hernowo Pandit , Sasongko Nugroho A. , Soedarsono Adik A. , Wardani Maya L. D. , Otivriyanti Geby , Soekotjo Ernie S. A. , Hidayatullah Ibnu M. , Sophiana Intan C. , Culsum Neng T. U. , Fajri Imam M. , Pasymi Pasymi , Bindar Yazid
Published: August 2024

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool to provide information on detailed turbulent flow in unit processes. For that reason, this study intends to reveal the flow structures in the horizontal pipe and biomass combustor. The simulation was aided by ANSYS Fluent employing standard
‐
model. The results show that a greater Reynolds number generates more turbulence. The pressure drop inside the pipe is also found steeper for small pipe diameters following Fanning's correlation. The fully developed flow for the laminar regime is found in locations where the ratio of entrance length to pipe diameter complies with Hagen–Poiseuille's rule. The sucking phenomenon in jet flow is also similar to the working principle of ejector. For the biomass combustor, the average combustion temperature is 356–696°C, and the maximum flame temperature is 1587–1697°C. Subsequently, air initially flows through the burner area and then moves to the outlet when enters the combustor chamber. Not so for particle flow, the particle experiences sedimentation in the burner area and then falls as it enters the combustor chamber. This study also convinces that secondary air supply can produce more circulating effects in the combustor.
Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of the epoxy vitrimer based on transesterification and its composite laminates
Authors: Chang Zhengping , Gao Yazhi , Yan Kanghe , Wang Zhongqi , Zhao Menglin , Zhao Yang
Published: August 2024

The resin is a fundamental factor in determining the performance and usage conditions of its composites. The epoxy vitrimer, which combines both thermoplastic and thermosetting properties, shows significant potential in extending the service life of material. The curing process significantly affects the macroscopic properties of the vitrimer and the resulting carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). Effective control of curing parameters constitutes the critical factor for the assurance of product quality. In the study, a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was utilized to establish a curing kinetics model for a modified, self‐healable epoxy vitrimer based on transesterification. Then the molecular structure, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties of the cured vitrimer were analyzed. Next vitrimeric CFRP (vCFRP) laminates were fabricated, and the tensile and bending properties of the vCFRP laminates were investigated. The results showed the curing process was obtained: 95°C/1 h + 150°C/2 h + 170°C/2 h. The thermodynamic and mechanical properties of cured vitrimer could meet practical requirements. The minimal differences observed in the stress–strain curves of the specimens indicated that the curing process was appropriately configured. The prepared laminates exhibited performance comparable to that of commercial thermosetting composites.
Roto‐Cyclization of 4‐Bromopicene in On‐Surface Synthesis
Authors: Pan Wun‐Chang , Arumugam Kowsalya , Yen Yu‐Hsiung , Tani Fumito , Goto Kenta , Okamoto Hideki , Tang Shu‐Jung , Hoffmann Germar
Published: August 2024

Progress toward single‐molecule electronics relies on a thorough understanding of local physico‐chemical processes and development of synthetic routines for controlled hetero‐coupling. We demonstrate a structurally unexpected ring closure process for a homo‐coupled 4,4’‐bipicenyl, realized in on‐surface synthesis. An initial covalent C−C coupling of 4‐bromopicene locks at lower temperatures the position and geometrically shields part of 4,4’‐bipicenyl. Employing this effect of shielding might offer a path toward controlled stepwise hetero‐coupling. At higher temperatures, a thermally activated three‐dimensional rotation upon hydrogen dissociation, a dehydrogenative roto‐cyclization, lifts the surface‐dimensionality restriction, and leads to the formation of a perylene. Thereby, the shielded molecular part becomes accessible again.
Supramolecular J‐ and H‐Aggregation of Naphthalimide‐Conjugated Dipeptide in Mixed‐Solvent Systems and its Application in Cell Imaging
Authors: Kuila Soumen , Reddy Kolimi Prashanth , Dasgupta Shalini , Bera Abhijit , Mukherjee Moupriya , Pramanik Goutam , Datta Pallab , Nanda Jayanta
Published: August 2024

In this work, a core‐substituted NMI‐conjugated dipeptide (4MNLV) was extensively studied in mixed solvent systems to explore the polarity effect on the self‐assembly pattern and their photophysical property. 4MNLV adopted J‐ or H‐ type aggregation pattern depending upon the polarity index of the solvent system chosen. The self‐assembly process was achieved through the anti‐solvent effect. UV‐vis study suggested that if the stock solution of 4MNLV was diluted with a relatively more polar solvent (compared to the stock solvent), then the system acquired J‐ type of aggregation pattern by showing a red‐shift in their absorption maxima (λmax). Conversely, when the stock was diluted by a relatively less polar solvent, H‐type of aggregation was observed, where blue shift of λmax was noticed. The emission spectra and the lifetime of the self‐assembled materials were also influenced by the chosen solvent system. The chirotopic behaviour of these self‐assembled materials was studied through CD spectroscopy. Morphological study indicated the formation of helical nanofibrillar structures. The bright green fluorescence of these highly biocompatible naphthalimide‐peptide conjugate was used for cell imaging application, indicating its futuristic scope.
Modelling the Chinese crude oil futures returns through a skew‐geometric Brownian motion correlated with the market volatility index process for pricing financial options
Authors: Bufalo Michele , Fanelli Viviana
Published: August 2024

In this paper we model the dynamics of the Chinese crude oil futures returns by using a skew‐geometric Brownian motion correlated with the market volatility, which is taken as a square‐root stochastic process. We use the OVX index data as proxy for market volatility. We validate the proposed model in terms of accuracy of its calibrations through an in‐sample simulation. Instead, out‐of‐sample simulations are used to show that a correlated skew‐geometric Brownian motion is more appropriate for modelling the Chinese returns compared to a single skew‐geometric Brownian motion in terms of forecasts. Furthermore, we price an American call option on the Chinese futures by using a recursively scheme based on a closed‐form formula, and an alternative Monte Carlo approach, for the related European call option. We show that our call price estimates are very close to market values and our model generally outperforms many benchmarks in literature, such as the Barone‐Adesi and Whaley formula and its generalizations.
What do we know about autism and policing globally? Preliminary findings from an international effort to examine autism and the criminal justice system
Authors: Cooper Dylan , Frisbie Shelby , Wang Shufang , Ventimiglia Jonas , Gibbs Vicki , Love Abigail M. A. , Mogavero Melanie , Benevides Teal W. , Hyatt Jordan M. , Hooven Kate , Basketbill Icylee , Shea Lindsay
Published: August 2024

Research has demonstrated that autistic individuals have higher rates of police contact, however, research has seldom explored the fundamental reasons for these interactions and how this might vary across international contexts. To remedy this, the Global Autism and Criminal Justice Consortium created and disseminated the Global Criminal Justice Survey. Descriptive statistics of survey respondents with and without police contact were compared to glean differential characteristics. Frequency and type of recent police interactions (within the last 5 years) among autistic individuals were also examined to better contextualize the reasons that autistic individuals encounter police. Study findings indicated that across a global sample (i.e., North America, Scandinavia, Europe, and Oceania) nearly half of all autistic individuals had an interaction with police and that those with a history of police contact were usually older, had higher educational qualifications, and were more likely to have a co‐occurring mental health or developmental disorder. Among types of interactions, noncriminal encounters, such as welfare checks, traffic incidents, wandering, and behaviors associated with autism, were most common, followed by autistic individuals alleging a crime was committed against them. These findings offer important directions for future research and for targeted policy responses that can address the unique needs of autistic individuals within the justice system.
Teaching Turkish children to mand for information in the context of tact instruction
Authors: Koldas Meral , Sahin Serife , Lechago Sarah
Published: August 2024

This study explores the efficacy of mand for information (MFI) training in individuals with autism, with a particular focus on the extension of this training to non‐native English speakers and the promotion of generalization across various contexts. The “What is this?” MFI was taught to four native Turkish‐speaking participants under various establishing operations (EOs). Notably, these MFIs were effectively embedded within tact training trials and delivered in a language other than English, thereby extending the research on MFI to a different language. Furthermore, the generalization of the MFIs was observed as participants maintained their proficiency across individuals, settings, and novel stimuli. Social validity data confirmed the acceptability of MFI training among parents, highlighting its potential to enhance communication skills. Follow‐up assessments were conducted 4 weeks post‐training indicating maintenance of the MFIs.
Promising deep‐red emitting Cr3+‐doped SrAl12O19 phosphors for plant growth LEDs
Authors: Tam Tong Thi Hao , Quang Nguyen Van , Tu Nguyen , Trung Do Quang , Du Nguyen Van , Bach Ta Ngoc , Lien Nghiem Thi Ha , Duy Hung Nguyen , Tien Ha Le , Tran Manh Trung , Huy Pham Thanh
Published: August 2024

Recently, deep‐red‐emitting phosphors that can be excited by ultraviolet (UV) and near‐ultraviolet (NUV) light have been extensively investigated for plant growth LED applications. However, due to the harmful effects of these high‐energy rays on plants, violet‐ or blue‐excited deep‐red‐emitting phosphors are considered a more appropriate solution. In this work, SrAl12O19:Cr3+ phosphors were synthesized using a simple solid‐state reaction, revealing a strikingly sharp deep‐red emission band centered at 694 nm and effective excitation by violet light. The optimal SrAl12O19:1.0%Cr3+ phosphor, annealed at 1500°C, exhibits an extended lifetime of 0.549 ms, an energy activation level of 0.239 eV, a good quantum efficiency (QE) of 36.2%, and superior color purity at 100%. Further, an LED prototype with a precise absorption spectrum for far‐red phytochrome (Pfr) has been demonstrated. These results indicate that the synthesized SrAl12O19:1.0%Cr3+ phosphors could be used as a promising deep‐red‐emitting phosphor for plant growth LED.
Reimagining entrepreneurship by utilizing venture dynamics in sharing economy: Evaluating the symbiosis of macro and micro factors for sustainable capital flows in developing markets
Authors: Amit Sajid , Levermore Roger , Kafy Abdulla Al
Published: August 2024

Venture capital (VC) plays a vital role in fostering revolution and entrepreneurship in emerging economies. However, attracting VC investments remains a significant challenge for startups in these markets. This study investigates the macro and micro factors influencing VC attraction in the Bangladeshi startup ecosystem, employing a mixed‐methods approach. A systematic literature review was performed to recognize the key factors influencing VC attraction in emerging markets. Qualitative interviews with 20 stakeholders, including startup founders, investors, and policymakers, were undertaken to gain insights into the challenges and opportunities for VC attraction in Bangladesh. Quantitative analysis of secondary data on VC investments and startup characteristics was executed to examine the associations connecting the identified factors and VC investment amount. The findings reveal that government policies, human capital availability, and informal institutions are critical macro factors influencing VC attraction, while founder and team characteristics, business model and scalability, and traction and validation are key micro factors. The study contributes to the literature on VC in developing economies by providing a comprehensive examination of the interplay of institutional, human capital, cultural, and startup‐specific factors shaping VC investment decisions. The findings have important implications for policymakers, investors, and entrepreneurs seeking to foster a more vibrant and sustainable startup ecosystem in Bangladesh and beyond. The research underlines the need for a holistic approach to addressing the challenges and leveraging the opportunities for VC attraction in emerging markets.
Allium cepa as a Toxicogenetic Investigational Tool for Plant Extracts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Melo Erisson Cruz de , da Silva Pinheiro Randyson , Costa Bruno Sousa , Lima Rosália Maria Tôrres de , Dias Ana Carolina Soares , de Jesus Aguiar dos Santos Teresinha , Nascimento Maria Luisa Lima Barreto do , de Castro e Sousa João Marcelo , Islam Muhammad Torequl , de Carvalho Melo Cavalcante Ana Amélia , El‐Nashar Heba A. S. , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Oliveira Filho José Williams Gomes de
Published: August 2024

Toxicological studies are important to investigate the genotoxic effects of various substances. Allium cepa can be used as test model for this purpose. This review summarizes the scope and applications for this A. cepa test model. For this, an up‐to‐date (April 2023) literature search was made in the Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to find published evidence on studies performed using A. cepa as a test model. Out of 3,748 studies, 74 fit the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the use of the test model A. cepa contributed considerably to measuring the toxicological potential of plant extracts, proving the efficacy of the test as a potent bioindicator of toxic effects. In addition, 27 studies used more than one test system to verify the toxicological potential of extracts and fractions. Studies have shown that the A. cepa model has the potential to replace other test systems that make use of animals and cell cultures, besides having other advantages such as low cost, ease of execution, and good conditions for the observation of chromosomes. In conclusion, the A. cepa test can be considered one of the potential biomonitoring systems in toxicological studies of crude extracts.
Echocardiography used for treatment in heart failure accompanied by thyroid storm: Case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Su , Zhao Yijing , Yang Yu , Pan Yuting , Wang Kun
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case highlights the importance of carefully weighing the benefits and risks of beta‐adrenergic blockade therapy based on symptoms, echocardiography, and BNP values in thyroid storm patients.

Thyroid storm is a rare but life‐threatening condition in thyrotoxic patients. The keys to successful management of thyroid storm are early diagnosis, immediate anti‐thyroid medications, and preventing multiorgan failure. We present a case of thyroid storm, acute decompensated heart failure, and atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response. We initiated propranolol to control thyroid storm. Soon after, the patient developed more severe heart failure with decreased ejection fraction (EF). We switched to diltiazem to control tachycardia, but the therapeutic effect was unsatisfactory. Finally, we used an ultra‐short‐acting beta‐adrenergic blockade with strict monitoring of heart rate and echocardiography, and the patient survived. Beta‐adrenergic blockades should be used cautiously in thyroid storm, especially patients with severe heart failure. Echocardiography can be used to aid in selection and monitoring of therapeutic drugs and prognostic outcomes in patients with thyroid storm and heart failure.
Spontaneous resolution of hepatic artery aneurysms due to segmental arterial mediolysis
Authors: Kaya Serhat , Akkuzu Gamze , Dablan Ali , Bes Cemal , Özden İlgin , Yardımcı Aytül Hande
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

In asymptomatic patients with lesions in SAM measuring <3 cm, conservative monitoring is an appropriate option, with the anticipation of uncomplicated recovery in some cases.
Flexor carpi radialis muscle atrophy due to cervical spondylotic amyotrophy
Authors: Elleuch Fatma , Elleuch Wafa , Ghroubi Sameh , Elleuch Mohamed Habib
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Presenting a rare case of flexor carpi radialis atrophy secondary to cervical spondylotic amyotrophy.

A 52‐year‐old man with a history of cervicobrachial neuralgia presented with an advanced atrophy of the right flexor carpi radialis muscle with a groove hollowed out on the anterior surface of the right forearm. The spine MRI showed that this rare atrophy was related to a cervical spondylotic amyotrophy.
Use of a transcervical approach to retrieve a foreign body from the upper esophagus
Authors: Sigdel Brihaspati , Pokhrel Amrit , Subedi Bipin , Subedi Indra , Ghimire Bidhan , Paudel Shankar
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Foreign bodies such as bone with a sharp end can penetrate the esophageal wall and lie extramurally. When a foreign body is not found on rigid oesophagoscopy, reassessing with imaging is important. The transcervical approach is a better alternative for such patients to remove the foreign bodies.
A rare case of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) presenting as short stature in an 8‐year‐old female
Authors: Sen Kamana , Bhandari Kritick , Simkhada Suman , Humagain Karuna , Basnet Prasnna , Shah Pawan Kumar
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome is a rare, congenital abnormality. Early identification and treatment can improve patient prognosis and quality of life and prevent adverse effect on growth and development. The patient described is an 8‐year‐old child with a history of short stature.
Neurosurgical intervention for giant arachnoid cyst‐induced hydrocephalus in a teenager: Delving into Pandora's box
Authors: Chaudhary Rahul Kumar , Khan Sajjad Ahmed , Khatiwada Aakash , Praween Raihana , Mandal Abinash Kumar , Parajuli Surya Bahadur
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Early recognition and prompt surgical intervention are crucial in managing giant arachnoid cysts causing obstructive hydrocephalus, as illustrated in this case of a 17‐year‐old male. Timely treatment can alleviate symptoms and prevent neurologic complications, ensuring favorable outcomes in affected patients.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides with Hydrogen (H2‐SCR‐DeNOx) over Platinum‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena , Osorio Hernández Adrián
Published: August 2024

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx with hydrogen (H2‐SCR‐DeNOx) is applied among other techniques (i. e., SCR‐DeNOx by applying NH3 or hydrocarbons as reducing agents) to control nitrogen oxides from mobile and stationary sources. As a zero carbon technology, which efficiently reduces NOx below 200 °C, H2‐SCR‐DeNOx has gained attention in installations and plants with H2 availability. The catalytic properties of platinum‐based catalysts with the main focus on the applied supports (i. e., inorganic oxides and zeolites) are given in detail. Another focus concerns on how the feed composition affects catalytic properties, specifically the levels of oxygen, water vapor, sulfur, and carbon oxides present in the exhausts. The major challenges are presented in enhancing the N2 selectivity and stability of catalysts at low temperatures without affecting their activity. Promising research prospects in this area include the development of catalysts with improved dispersion and distribution of Pt particles. In addition, the proposed bi‐functional (dual‐function) reaction mechanism over Pt‐containing catalysts, together with the adsorption/dissociation mechanism and NO oxidation/reduction mechanism, is described and critically reviewed. Also, Pd‐based catalysts are briefly discussed. It is expected that the review will provide broad insights into the design and optimization of catalysts in the H2‐SCR‐DeNOx.
Ionic Liquids Functionalized Copper Catalytic Systems for Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Fu Zizhuo , Zhang Jingfang , Wu Haonan , Gao Yanan , Hu Hui , Shi Lijuan , Yi Qun
Published: August 2024

The extensive combustion of fossil fuels results in excessive release of carbon dioxide (CO2), causing a global environmental crisis. It is imperative to develop sustainable methods for converting CO2 into renewable energy sources. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) offers the potential to generate valuable chemicals, including C1 products (e. g., carbon monoxide, methane, etc.) and C2+ products (e. g., ethene, ethanol, acetic acid, propyl alcohol, etc.). Copper‐based (Cu‐based) catalysts show promise for producing value‐added C2+ products, but they face challenges like low selectivity and stability. The catalytic performances of Cu‐based catalysts can be promoted through electronic structure adjustment, selective crystal face exposure, as well as molecular additive approaches. Ionic liquids (ILs), known for their strong CO2 adsorption capacity, adjustable hydrophobicity, and wide chemical window, hold significant promise for addressing the current challenges associated with Cu‐based catalysts. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural characterization and catalytic mechanisms of ILs used in Cu‐based CO2RR catalytic systems. Additionally, it offers suggestions for future research avenues regarding IL‐functionalized Cu catalysts.
Modification of an AIE Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring the Polarity of Lipid Droplets Based on a Series of Synthesized Aryl Naphthalizes
Authors: Ji Xun , Zhang Zhi‐Hao , Sun Shao‐Bin , Wang Jian‐Yong
Published: August 2024

Lipid droplets (LDs) are subcellular organelles that are dynamic and play a central role in energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism. They also contribute to the transport and maturation of cellular proteins and are closely associated with several diseases. The important role of the cellular microenvironment in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Changes in cell polarity, particularly in organelles, have been found to be strongly linked to inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and other illnesses. It is essential to check the polarity of the LDs. A series of arylated naphthalimide derivatives were synthesized using the Suzuki reaction. Modification of synthesized aryl naphthalimides using oligomeric PEG based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. A series of fluorescent probes were designed to target LDs and detect their polarity. Nap‐TPA‐PEG3 probe exhibited high sensitivity to polarity. The addition of oligomeric polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the probe not only significantly improved its solubility in water, but also effectively reduced its cytotoxicity. In addition, the probe exhibited excellent aggregation‐induced luminescence (AIE) properties and solvent discolouration effects. Nap‐TPA‐PEG3 probe exhibited high Pearson correlation coefficient (0.957163) in lipid droplet co‐localization in cells. Nap‐TPA‐PEG3 could be used as an effective hand tool to monitor cell polarity.
Design and Conformation of Separators for High‐performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Niu Ben , Luo Die , He Xianru , Wang Xin
Published: August 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage due to their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. As a core component, separator plays a unique yet oftentimes overlooked role in providing electrochemical stability in AZIBs. This concept focuses on the exquisite structure‐property relationship of separators, highlighting three forms of these components and their structural design requirements, i. e., traditional membranes, solid‐state electrolytes, and electrode coatings. The mechanism by which separators influence the zinc anode and the cathode is discussed. The article also identifies the challenges and potential future directions for functional separators in the development of high‐performance AZIBs.
Fabrication of a Multi‐Functional Separator Incorporating Crown ether‐ Polyoxometalate Supramolecular Compound for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jiang Xinyuan , Wu Yuchao , Lv Zengxiang , Yang Guang , Wang Mengyao , Zhou Qiuping , Shen Yunjun , Chen Ming , Ni Lubin , Diao Guowang
Published: August 2024

Recently, research on polyoxometalates (POMs) has gained significant momentum. Owing to their properties as electronic sponges, POMs catalyst harbor substantial potential in lithium‐sulfur battery research. However, POMs undergo a transformation into reduced heteropoly blue (HPB) during electrochemical reactions, which then dissolve into the electrolyte, resulting in catalyst loss. In this research, we amalgamated 18‐crown‐6 (CR6) with K3PW12O40, (KPW), synthesized a novel POM‐based supramolecular compound, and integrated it with graphene oxide (GO) to fabricate a multi‐functional composite polypropylene (PP) separator KPW‐CR6/GO/PP. The crown ether array was employed to immobilize POM and construct ion transport channels, thereby enhancing the Li+ migration rate and capturing polysulfides. Subsequently, leveraging the stable structure and redox properties of POM, the polysulfide is catalyzed to transform and inhibit the shuttle effect, thereby protecting the Li anode. The lithium‐sulfur batteries with the Crown ether‐POM supramolecular compound separators, exhibit enhanced capacity and stability (1073.3 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C, and 81.5 % retention rate after 250 cycles). The battery (S loading: 3.2 mg cm−2) presents an initial specific discharge capacity of 543.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, with 89.8 % of the capacity retained after 160 cycles. This underlines the practical application potential of Crown ether‐POM supramolecular materials in Li−S batteries.
Arsenic and zinc concentrations in wheat grains under soil zinc application and arsenic‐contaminated irrigation
Authors: Basit Ammara , Hussain Shahid
Published: August 2024

Above‐permissible levels of arsenic (As) in irrigation water lead to toxic levels in wheat grains, increasing health risks for humans. In this study, two zinc (Zn)‐biofortified wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Akbar‐2019 and Zincol‐2016) were grown in pots with two Zn application rates (0 and 8 mg Zn kg−1) and three levels of As in irrigation water (distilled‐water control, 100 and 1000 µg As L−1). Irrigation with As‐contaminated water decreased dry matter yields, concentrations of grain phosphorus (P) and Zn, and estimated daily intake (EDI) of Zn. Conversely, it increased grain As concentration and As EDI. Soil Zn application mitigated the negative effects of As on dry matter yields of both cultivars while simultaneously enhancing grain Zn concentration and Zn EDI. On average, Zn application increased grain Zn concentration by 114% compared to no Zn application. Additionally, Zn application decreased grain As concentration at all As levels. In conclusion, this study suggests that applying Zn to Zn‐biofortified wheat irrigated with As‐contaminated water can mitigate the toxic effects of As on wheat. It increase Zn concentration and decrease As concentration in wheat grains, which is vital for enhancing grain quality for human consumption.
Tyrosinase Inhibition and Antimelanogenic Effects of Resorcinol‐Containing Compounds
Authors: Beaumet Morane , Lazinski Leticia M. , Maresca Marc , Haudecoeur Romain
Published: August 2024

Tyrosinases (TYRs) are copper‐containing metalloenzymes present in a large diversity of species. In human, hTYR is responsible for pivotal steps in melanogenesis, catalysing the oxidation of l‐tyrosine to l‐DOPA and further to dopaquinone. While numerous TYR inhibitors have been reported, polyphenolic compounds tend to dominate the literature. However, many of these compounds, particularly monophenols and catechols, have been identified as alternative substrates rather than true inhibitors, given their structural similarity to natural substrates. Resorcinol‐containing compounds have emerged as promising candidates to address this challenge, as the meta‐dihydroxy moiety in resorcinol demonstrates resistance to TYR‐mediated oxidation, while retaining the favourable interactions with copper ions provided by the hydroxy groups. Although their precise mechanism of action remains debated, resorcinol derivatives have yielded some of the most active compounds against isolated mushroom and human TYRs, as well as clinically used dermocosmetic agents like rucinol and thiamidol, which exhibited very promising effects in patients with facial melasma. This review outlines the development of resorcinol‐containing TYR inhibitors, categorized by scaffold type, ranging from simple alkyl analogues to intricate synthetic derivatives. Mechanistic insights about the resorcinol‐TYR interaction are also presented and debated.
Preferred Electric Field Mechanism for Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity
Authors: Ma Zhifeng , Yan Fuli , Fan Baomin
Published: August 2024

This study employs computational methods to investigate the mechanism of H2 activation by frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) species, including both intermolecular and intramolecular nitrothane/borane FLP systems. Previous studies have proposed two qualitative reactivity mechanism models to explain the facile cleavage of H2 by FLPs. The findings of this study support the electric field mechanism as the favorable pathway for H2 cleavage. Utilizing frontier molecular orbital theory and energy decomposition analysis, the study explores the electronic structure and nature of the reactions under an external electric field (EEF). Analysis using the activation strain model highlights the significant influence of geometrical deformation energies of FLPs on the activation barriers of H2 activation reactions. Computational results suggest that H2 activation by FLP molecules follows the electric field mechanism, indicating the potential of the FLP/EEF combination as an effective activator for inert molecules.
Absolute direction in organelle movement
Authors: Plomer Solveig , Meyer Annika , Gebhardt Philipp , Ernst Theresa , Schleiff Enrico , Schneider Gaby
Published: August 2024

In movement analysis, correlated random walk (CRW) models often use so‐called turning angles, which are measured relative to the previous movement direction. To segregate between different movement modes, hidden Markov models (HMMs) describe movements as piecewise stationary CRWs in which the distributions of turning angles and step sizes depend on the underlying state. This typically allows for the segregation of movement modes that show different movement speeds. We show that in some cases, it may be interesting to investigate absolute angles, that is, biased random walks (BRWs) instead of turning angles. In particular, while discrimination between states in the turning angle setting can only rely on movement speed, models with absolute angles can be used to discriminate between sections of different movement directions. A preprocessing algorithm is provided that enables the analysis of absolute angles in the existing R package moveHMM. In a data set of movements of cell organelles, models using not the turning angle but the absolute angle could capture interesting additional properties. Goodness‐of‐fit was increased for HMMs with absolute angles, and HMMs with absolute angles tended to choose a higher number of states, suggesting the existence and relevance of prominent directional changes in the present data set. These results suggest that models with absolute angles can provide important information in the analysis of movement patterns if the existence and frequency of directional changes is of biological importance.
The effect of soil parameters and earthworm abundance on the fine‐scale nocturnal habitat use of the Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola)
Authors: Schally Gergely , Tóth Dániel , Márton Mihály , Bijl Hanna , Palatitz Péter , Csányi Sándor , Maimela Modiba Maxwell , Tharwat Mohamed Ibrahim Hanaa , Simon Barbara
Published: August 2024

The Eurasian woodcock prefers habitats where its main prey, earthworms, can be found in higher densities. Although they are forest‐dwelling birds, they regularly visit pastures and natural grasslands at night, where earthworm abundance is generally higher. However, there is little information on fine‐scale habitat use in relation to variation in habitat characteristics and prey availability, particularly beyond the breeding season. In our study, we investigated if the nocturnal occurrence of woodcocks during migratory stopover periods differed between two neighbouring fields, or management units, with similar vegetation structure, and if within‐field variation in the spatial patterns of woodcock sightings were associated with fine‐scale earthworm densities and soil parameters. Specifically, we used GPS tracking data of two tagged woodcocks and direct observation data to study patterns of occurrence of birds in a mixed forest‐pasture landscape in Hungary during pre‐ and post‐breeding periods. We compared these patterns with fine‐scale soil characteristics and earthworm abundance, acquired by field sampling. We found that the field with higher earthworm abundance was visited by woodcocks more frequently, and this correlation was similarly observed at the intra‐field level. Our results demonstrate that woodcocks select foraging sites with higher earthworm densities at multiple spatial scales, both between fields (coarse scale), and within fields (fine‐scale). Considering that woodcocks tended to return to the same field to forage at night, the strong associations between occupancy and resources provide a basis for developing habitat management strategies at the field level for conservation. As earthworm densities and soil parameters are good indicators of woodcock foraging habitat, measuring those variables, at least at a coarse scale, could aid in predicting important habitats for the species across the landscape.
Rapid and Portable Presumptive Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for the Detection of the Invasive Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus)
Authors: Deliveyne Nathan , Austin Jeremy J. , Sanders Kate , Cassey Phillip
Published: August 2024

The exotic pet trade is a major pathway for the introduction, establishment, and spread of novel invasive alien species. Reptiles are common in the exotic pet trade and are prominent invasive alien vertebrate species that have dire impacts if allowed to establish. The North American corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) is particularly common in the international pet trade and has been identified as a vertebrate pest priority species in Australia due to widespread climate suitability and prevalence in pre‐ and post‐border seizure records. Consequently, rapid, and presumptive post‐border biosecurity detection is essential to prevent its establishment and spread. Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an emerging biosecurity tool that has shown promise for rapid detection of several high‐risk species. We developed two LAMP assays for the detection of P. guttatus, validated against: synthetic DNA; DNA extracted from snap‐frozen tissue, and shed skins; and then compared their performance for the detection of trace DNA collected from swabs of glass tanks post reptile presence. Our results include laboratory optimization and assessment of two mobile devices for in‐field integration (Franklin Real‐Time PCR Thermocycler, Biomeme, USA, and Genie III, Optigene, UK). The results indicate that LAMP is a viable biosecurity tool, with DNA detection possible for a range of sample types in a total of c.30 min, when including a rapid extraction step (8 min). Herein, we provide tools for rapid, presumptive detection of the North American corn snake from trace DNA samples in Australian biosecurity and wildlife compliance settings.
Emergent role of dynamic optimization in cardiac resynchronization therapy: Systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zsigmond Előd‐János , Masszi Richárd , Ehrenberger Réka , Turan Caner , Fehérvári Péter , Gede Noémi , Hegyi Péter , Molnár Zsolt , Trásy Domonkos , Duray Gábor Zoltán
Published: August 2024

Aims

Suboptimal device programming is frequent in non‐responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, the role of device optimization and the most appropriate technique are still unknown. The aim of our study was to analyse the effect of different CRT optimization techniques within a network meta‐analysis.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL for studies comparing outcomes with empirical device settings or optimization using echocardiography, static algorithms or dynamic algorithms. Studies investigating the effect of optimization in non‐responders were also analysed.

Results

A total of 17 studies with 4346 patients were included in the quantitative analysis. Of the treatments and outcomes examined, a significant difference was found only between dynamic algorithms and echocardiography, with the former leading to a higher echocardiographic response rate [odds ratio (OR): 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–3.35], lower heart failure hospitalization rate (OR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.57–0.99) and greater improvement in 6‐minute walk test [mean difference (MD): 45.52 m, 95% credible interval (CrI) 3.91–82.44 m]. We found no significant difference between empirical settings, static algorithms and dynamic algorithms. Seven studies with 228 patients reported response rates after optimization in non‐responders. Altogether, 34.3%–66.7% of initial non‐responders showed improvement after optimization, depending on response criteria.

Conclusions

At the time of CRT implantation, dynamic algorithms may serve as a resource‐friendly alternative to echocardiographic optimization, with similar or better mid‐term outcomes. However, their superiority over empirical device settings needs to be investigated in further trials. For non‐responders, CRT optimization should be considered, as the majority of patients experience improvement.
Time to intravenous diuretic administration in patients hospitalized with heart failure: An observational study
Authors: Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kurita Yuka , Mori Hiromasa , Ooishi Kazuyuki , Matsukawa Miyuki
Published: August 2024

Aims

To help establish optimized treatment strategies for congestion in patients with acute heart failure, this study aimed to provide a detailed summary of real‐world diuretic use in hospitalized patients with heart failure requiring urgent therapy in Japan.

Methods and results

This observational study used a Japanese medical records database to extract data of patients admitted to hospital with a heart failure diagnosis and an intravenous diuretic prescription from the day before admission to 2 days after. Time from hospital visit to first dose, second dose, and maximum dose of intravenous diuretics were determined. Patients were grouped according to whether they received diuretic modification, defined as an intravenous diuretic dose increase or concomitant use of other diuretics.

Results

Overall, 1577 patients were included in the study (without diuretic modification, n = 1140 [72.3%]; with diuretic modification, n = 437 [27.7%]). The study population was 49.5% female (n = 780) and the mean age ± standard deviation was 80.1 ± 12.7 years. Intravenous diuretic treatment was received within 1 h of their hospital visit in 43.5% of patients (686/1577) and ≤2 h in 16.4% of patients (258/1577). Among 437 patients with an inadequate response following their first dose, 42.1% received an intravenous dose titration, 56.5% received combination diuretics, and 1.4% received both. Over half of the patients (59.0% [258/437]) with diuretic modification received it after the first 24 h of the hospital visit. The median time from hospital visit to first dose titration was similar to time to first combination diuretic use (18.6 h and 17.0 h, respectively). The mean ± standard deviation duration of intravenous diuretic use was significantly longer for patients with versus without diuretic modification (6.3 ± 5.2 vs. 3.7 ± 3.2 days), and a significantly greater proportion of patients (44.6% [195/437] vs. 35.0% [399/1140]) received repeated intravenous diuretic administration. Other characteristics/outcomes of intravenous diuretic use were similar with versus without diuretic modification, including in‐hospital death (15.6% [68/437] vs. 13.9% [159/1140]) and mean ± standard deviation length of hospitalization (21.9 ± 14.7 days vs. 22.1 ± 21.2 days).

Conclusions

In Japan, real‐world patterns of intravenous diuretic administration for patients with heart failure remains far from the time‐sensitive approach recommended in Japanese, European, and United States guidelines.