bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypothyroidism and early fetal demise
Authors: Olina Anna A.
Published: July 2018

Background. The study is devoted to the evaluation of thyroid status in patients with early fetal demise.

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism, including its subclinical forms, in patients with early fetal demise.

Materials and methods. It is an observational “case-control” retrospective study. Group I is represented by first-pregnant women with physiological on-time delivery of the healthy child (375 people). Group II consisted of 375 women who had had an episode of early fetal demise for up to 14 weeks. Laboratory and instrumental methods included assessment of TSH and anti-TPO antibodies levels and ultrasound imaging of the thyroid gland.

Results. Given TSH levels > 2.5 mU/L, the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism was established in 13.1% of patients in group I and 26.4% in group II. In patients with repeated early fetal demise, the morbidity reached 48.4%.

Conclusion. Hypothyroidism can be recognized as a risk factor for early fetal demise (both the first and subsequent episodes) based on the odds ratio calculation. The odds ratio was 2.48 for early fetal demise in the presence of subclinical hypothyroidism and 2.15 for repeat episodes.
The physiological role of vitamin D and the significance of its deficiency in the pathogenesis of climacteric syndrome
Authors: Morozova Yulia E. , Tarasova Marina A.
Published: July 2018

This literature review summarizes data on the physiological role of vitamin D in women during menopause. We discuss the peculiarities of climacteric syndrome affected by vitamin D deficiency, including the impact of the vitamin on the central nervous system and its role in cognitive and affective disorders. The necessity of vitamin D therapy to prevent pathologies associated with menopause is highlighted.
Claudia Agostoni, Médicos, campañas y vacunas: la viruela y la cultura de su prevención en México 1870-1952, Ciudad de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 2016, 240 pp. ISBN 978-607-02-7922-5 / ISBN 978-607-9475-18-5.
Authors: González Vázquez David Anuar
Published: July 2018

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Cultura de paz, palabra y memoria. Un modelo de gestión cultural comunitario, México, FCE, 2017.
Authors: Torres Oregón Fredyd
Published: July 2018

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Fernando Berguño Hurtado, Los soldados de Napoleón en la Independencia de Chile. 1817- 1830, Santiago, RIL Editores, 2015, 343 páginas.
Authors: Orellana Billiard Jorge
Published: July 2018

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Formação Continuada de Professores de Biologia e o Uso de Ferramentas da Web 2.0 na Prática Docente
Authors: Rolando Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro , Luz Maurício Roberto Motta Pinto da , Salvador Daniel Fábio
Published: July 2018

O presente estudo apresenta o relato do uso de ferramentas da Web 2.0 feito por professores de Biologia em sua prática docente, seis meses após participarem de um programa de formação continuada a distância. As atividades práticas realizadas durante esse programa propiciaram aos professores experimentar possibilidades de uso das ferramentas da Web 2.0 para fins de ensino e aprendizagem. Os dados aqui analisados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário online respondido por 93 professores de Biologia. A maior parte deles declarou ter feito uso de pelo menos uma ferramenta da Web 2.0 em sua prática docente. As ferramentas mais utilizadas foram as redes sociais, seguidas de fórum de discussão e blogs. Esse uso foi realizado principalmente a distância, fora do horário da aula. Os professores responderam que conseguiram ensinar melhor o conteúdo e se mantiveram mais motivados a lecionar. De forma geral, eles consideraram que o uso das ferramentas da Web 2.0 teve impacto positivo sobre os alunos. Os achados desta pesquisa sugerem que o programa de formação continuada de professores com foco na integração de tecnologias às bases de conhecimento do conteúdo e pedagógicas do professor pode contribuir positivamente para a integração das ferramentas da Web 2.0 na prática docente.Palavras-chave: Formação continuada de professores, Educação a Distância, Prática docente, Web 2.0. In-service Biology Teachers Education and the Use of Web 2.0 Tools in Teaching Practice AbstractThe present study presents the report of the use of Web 2.0 tools made by biology teachers in their teaching practice, six months after participating in a distance education program. Practical activities performed during the program provided teachers with opportunities to use Web 2.0 tools for teaching and learning purposes. The data analyzed were obtained through an online questionnaire answered by 93 teachers. Most of them said they made use of at least one Web 2.0 tool in their teaching practice. The most used tools were social networks, followed by discussion forum and blogs. This use was made mainly at a distance, outside the class time. Teachers responded that they could better teach content and were more motivated to teach. In general, they felt that the use of Web 2.0 tools had a positive impact on students. The findings of this research suggest that the distance education program, focusing on the integration of technologies into the knowledge bases of the teacher content and pedagogic, can contribute positively to the teaching practice. Keywords: In-service teacher education, Distance education, Teaching practice, Web 2.0
悬臂挂篮技术在桥梁施工中的应用探索
Authors: 韦 现江
Published: July 2018

随着现代化桥梁施工技术的不断发展,在大跨度桥梁施工中悬臂挂篮技术应用十分广泛。为确保成桥线性、结构合拢精度以及在正式投入运营之后能够满足基本的设计要求,在具体施工过程中必须要对施工工艺进行合理控制,必要时可通过测值的实时监测对各施工阶段的行为进行全面分析。鉴于此,本文主要对悬臂挂篮技术在桥梁施工中的应用进行了分析和研究。
浅谈如何加强公路与桥梁工程施工的安全管理
Authors: 张 海岩
Published: July 2018

在我国社会经济迅速发展的今天,我国交通业发生了翻天覆地的变化,其中,公路建设规模日益扩大,在公路与桥梁工程施工作业当中,不但要承受大型车辆带来的较大的负荷压力及人为因素带来的一系列影响,同时需要应对自然环境因素带来的无法避免的破坏。公路与桥梁工程在长时间投入使用的过程当中,在建筑结构上会发生不断地变化,严重的还会损坏到工程内部结构,为此,加强公路与桥梁工程施工安全管理具有非同寻常的意义。
关注海绵城市 提升城市品质的探索
Authors: 任 凯歌
Published: July 2018

通过对嘉兴市海绵城市建设的大量调查、走访和施工现场的体验,针对海绵城市工程建设过程中,出现的规划设计、招投标咨询、施工建设、社会环境地矛盾,提出相关的建议,为海绵城市的发展建设提供参考,为提升海绵城市品质、对海绵城市建设的长期发展提供借鉴。
浅探建筑工程管理中的信息化管理应用
Authors: 袁 绍雷
Published: July 2018

建筑工程在信息科学技术繁荣发展中取得更大的发展,当前建筑工程管理模式已经慢慢在转型,从原来的人工管理转向信息化管理。
提高计量检定工作质量的有效措施
Authors: 王 国萍 , 刘 晓峰
Published: July 2018

计量检定工作在产品质量控制上具有重要地位,其为国民经济发展提供重要的计量保证,也是国家进行产品质量监督的重要凭证。计量检定工作对于企业的发展具有重要作用,不仅关系着企业产品质量,更关系着企业存亡。随着国家对计量检定工作的重视,如何提升计量检定工作质量成为当前计量工作发展的重要内容。本文从计量检定工作的概念出发,分析影响计量检定工作质量的因素,为提高计量检定工作质量提供一些参考性意见,确保计量检定工作的质量与效率,促进经济更好的发展。
装配式建筑施工常见质量问题与防范措施分析
Authors: 高 飞 , 杨 艳红 , 张 小亮
Published: July 2018

随着建筑行业的不断推进发展, 装配式建筑施工日渐为人们所关注, 采用此技术进行的建筑工程数量也越来越多。但是,在工程施工开展过程中我们也发现,装配式建筑施工常见的质量问题需要引起人们关注和重视,通过有效防范策略的应用,进而使得建筑工程施工项目得到有效推进。
探析建筑项目工程开发前期策划的问题及其策略
Authors: 占 丰镜
Published: July 2018

建筑项目工程开发的前期策划是从全局战略的角度出发,通过收集信息和多方的调查研究,确定项目目标,对项目进行准确的市场定位,并通过对项目进行详细的经济论证,从而制定出正确的决策等一系列工作。为了充分发挥建筑项目工程开发前期策划的作用,本文阐述了建筑项目工程开发的主要特征以及建筑项目工程开发前期策划的重要性,对建筑项目工程开发前期策划存在的主要问题及其策略进行了探讨分析。
城市给排水初探
Authors: 许 稹
Published: July 2018

随着我国的经济持续不断的发展,城市中的各项设施在逐步完善,其中以前没有被重视的给排水工程也在逐步完善。随着人们的生活水平不断地提高,人们对生活中的给排水工程的重视程度越来越高,对给排水系统的功能要求也越来越严格。作者在本研究中阐述了给排水系统对于城市的重要性,并对当前城市给排水规划中存在的问题进行简要的分析,并根据存在的问题提出了一些合理的解决措施,希望可以给相关人员或单位提供一些参考。
浅谈建筑工程造价的合理有效控制与探索
Authors: 李 清霞
Published: July 2018

随着社会变化发展以及城市化建设的不断推进,使得建筑工程项目不断增多,对建筑工程造价要求也日益严格,并且影响建筑工程造价控制因素比较多,基于此,本文阐述了建筑工程造价控制的主要作用以及影响建筑工程造价控制的主要因素,对建筑工程造价控制进行了探讨分析,旨在提高建筑工程的经济效益。
浅议建筑工程造价预算控制
Authors: 陈 茜
Published: July 2018

建筑工程造价预算一般会受到自然因素、人为因素以及社会因素的影响,并且建筑工程造价一般允许出现合理范围内的偏差现象,但是如果预算差价额较大,就会损害建筑企业和投资方的经济效益,基于此,本文阐述了建筑工程造价预算控制的重要性以及超预算的原因,对建筑工程造价预算控制的策略及其建议进行了论述分析,旨在提高建筑工程的经济效益。
浅谈市政给排水管道工程建设中的顶管施工技术
Authors: 朱 智敏
Published: July 2018

市政给排水工程是市政基础设施工程中的重要内容,其应用顶管施工技术,可以提高施工企业的经济效益和社会效益,并且从根本上改变了城市管网工程乱开乱挖现象。为了提高给市政排水工程施工质量,在顶管施工过程中,应当严格遵守相关规范。基于此,本文概述了顶管施工技术,阐述了顶管施工的类型,对市政给排水管道工程建设中的顶管施工技术要点进行了论述分析。
高效节水灌溉工程建设中存在的问题与对策
Authors: 木 那尔
Published: July 2018

我国是水资源比较缺乏的国家,所以发展高效节水灌溉对农业的可持续发展有着重要的作用。为更好的发展节水灌溉,提升节水灌溉工程的实际效果,水利部门要对节水灌溉工程建设加以重视。本文对高效节水工程建设进行了介绍,对其意义以及容易出现的问题进行了分析和探讨,并提出了一些可行的解决方法。
对建筑工程的项目管理研究论述
Authors: 肖 锋
Published: July 2018

本文结合笔者多年的工作经验,通过比较细致的研究与分析,对建筑项目管理中的一些问题展开了论述,希望能为建筑工程的项目管理提供一点有益的参考。
市政道路绿化施工分析
Authors: 田 亚萍
Published: July 2018

随着人们生活水平不断提高,城市自然景观也随之受到了广泛关注,市政道路建设迅速发展,景观绿化施工成为市政道路建设的重要组成。本文旨在分析市政道路景观绿化施工,研究施工中存在的问题,根据市政道路绿化施工的实际经验提出相应的解决措施,为市政道路建设和景观绿化施工发展提供参考。
土木工程施工技术中存在的问题与创新
Authors: 王 治国
Published: July 2018

土木工程施工行业迅速发展,在发展过程中也出现了很多新的技术,对施工技术进行有效控制,一方面能够有效地提高资源的利用效率,同时也能更好地完善工程的建设效果。但是在当前的土木工程施工技术中还存在着较为明显的问题,我们必须要对其进行改进和创新,进而更好地推动土木工程施工建设的发展与完善。
论土木工程施工技术的现场管理
Authors: 张 亚楠
Published: July 2018

土木工程施工现场管理工作的内容较为复杂,其工作量也相对较大,在现场管理中,一方面要对施工中所使用的材料和设备进行全面管理,同时,也要加强施工人员和施工技术的控制工作,从而更好地保证工程建设的顺利进行,不断提高工程的施工质量。本文主要对土木工程施工技术现场管理进行了简要的分析和研究。
探析道路桥梁沥青路面工程常见病害的修复及其质量控制
Authors: 王 文博
Published: July 2018

加强道路桥梁沥青路面工程常见病害的修复及其质量控制,有利于提高路面使用寿命,提高路面使用质量,减少路面养护修复支出,提高人民安全出行的质量和效率。基于此,本文阐述了道路桥梁沥青路面工程常见的病害及其原因,对道路桥梁沥青路面工程常见病害的修复技术及其质量控制进行了探讨分析。
透析建筑工程施工裂缝产生原因
Authors: 张 勇 , 顾 志永
Published: July 2018

本文主要结合具体的工程实例,对建筑施工中裂缝产生的原因和影响进行了详细的分析,并有针对性的给出合理的解决措施,以提升混凝土结构的施工质量,保证工程建设的质量和安全性,促进建筑行业的长久发展。
简议建筑暖通工程施工要点及其质量控制
Authors: 滕 王峰 , 戴 建勇
Published: July 2018

建筑暖通工程建设能够保证居住环境的良好性，但是如果暖通工程在施工过程中存在问题，将会对居民的正常生产生活产生重要影响。因此在建筑暖通施工时，需要加强对其进行质量控制，基于此，本文简述了暖通工程的主要特征以及建筑暖通工程施工准备，对建筑暖通工程施工要点及其质量控制进行了论述分析。
简析建筑项目工程施工阶段的成本控制
Authors: 李 建民
Published: July 2018

建筑项目工程施工阶段成本控制关系到建筑企业的经济效益, 因此建筑项目工程施工阶段的成本控制需要在现行标准及工程要求的基础上,控制施工材料费用、人工费用、机械设备费用等。基于此,本文简述了建筑项目工程成本控制的主要原则,对建筑项目工程施工阶段成本控制的问题及其策略进行了简要分析,并论述了建筑项目工程施工阶段成本控制建议,旨在提高建筑项目工程的经济效益。
浅谈建筑施工中的协调管理
Authors: 刘 利坚
Published: July 2018

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,我国的多个地方出现了建设潮,多个城市的建筑物拔地而起,如何保证建筑物的工期以及质量就成了施工中最重要的一项事情。尤其是各专业工程施工中的交叉配合与协调工作,往往是工程管理的难点。到了工程施工的后期,由于前期协调工作存在问题,导致返工,造成工程投资的极大浪费,影响工期,有的还会影响到建筑物的使用功能,严重的甚至带来质量问题和安全隐患。可见,工程施工中各专业的协调管理工作不仅很重要,同时也很必要。在工程的设计阶段以及施工过程中,必须引起高度重视,切实做好协调管理工作。本文就是通过对施工管理中的不足来阐述协调管理的作用。
关于绿色建筑材料与绿色建筑施工技术应用的探讨
Authors: 蔡 江
Published: July 2018

绿色建筑的“绿色”并不是指一般意义的立体绿化、屋顶花园,而是代表一种概念或象征,指建筑对环境无害,能充分利用环境自然资源,并且在不破坏环境基本生态平衡条件下建造的一种建筑,又可称为可持续发展建筑、生态建筑、回归大自然建筑、节能环保建筑等。为了保证绿色建筑的有效性,必须合理运用绿色建筑材料以及绿色建筑施工技术。基于此,本文阐述了绿色建筑材料的主要类型及其特征,对绿色建筑材料以及绿色建筑施工技术的应用进行了探讨分析。
园林绿化施工现场管理及植物的养护探析
Authors: 邓 军
Published: July 2018

基于城市建设发展速度的加快,城市园林绿化施工工程无论是在数量上还是规模上都有了逐渐的增加。园林绿化施工起到改善人们生活环境的作用,主要目的在于为人们提供惬意、舒适的居住环境。但结合实际来看,一些园林承建部门在对园林施工现场的管理和后续植物养护工作落实中,都存在一定的缺陷,带来的直接后果便是降低园林绿化工程施工质量,由于缺乏养护行为,植物不仅发挥不出其美化环境的作用,更是造成了植物资源的浪费。因此,展开对园林绿化施工现场管理和植物养护的探析具有重要的现实意义。
探析市政道路园林绿化施工要点与养护策略
Authors: 薛 培培
Published: July 2018

在现代化园林绿化工程中,绿化养护管理和园林施工管理是至关重要的内容,尤其是,绿化养护管理工作属于一项长期性、持续性的工程。随着城市化进程的日益加快,以往的园林养护和施工模式远远无法满足当前实际发展需求,工作效率尤为低下。在此情况下,相关施工部门一定要对施工管理措施进行全面创新,积极应用现代化先进技术,最大限度的凸显园林工程的社会价值和生态价值。基于此,本文主要对市政道路园林绿化施工和养护要点进行了分析与研究。
论装配式建筑施工质量因素识别与控制
Authors: 祝 洪平
Published: July 2018

装配式建筑在建筑结构施工中得到了十分广泛的应用，这是因为装配式建筑结构自身存在诸多优势，其能够十分有效地提高施工的效率和质量，但目前该建筑模式仍存在一定的施工问题，因此为了保证建筑的整体性能，我们必须采取有效措施加强装配式建筑的质量。
建筑装饰装修工程中的节能环保技术应用
Authors: 张 毅
Published: July 2018

装饰装修工程是建筑工程中重要的组成部分,而建筑装饰装修工程的节能环保技术应用,可以有效降低能源消耗以及减少污染,有利于社会的持续发展。因此在建筑装饰装修工程施工过程中,需要合理应用节能环保技术,基于此,本文阐述了建筑装饰装修工程中的节能环保重要性以及建筑装饰装修工程中的节能环保要求及其措施,对建筑装饰装修工程中的节能环保技术应用进行了探讨分析。
简析园林绿化景观设计中的彩叶植物应用
Authors: 陈 世超
Published: July 2018

园林绿化景观设计中的彩叶植物应用,丰富了南方城市的色彩层次,打破了北方城市的单调。此外彩叶树种大多生长较慢,可以形成数十年的景观效果,并且彩叶灌木、地被植物合适的运用,可以形成良好的景观层次。为了充分发挥其作用,本文阐述了彩叶植物的主要类别,阐述了园林绿化景观设计中的彩叶植物应用原则,对园林绿化景观设计中的彩叶植物应用进行了简要分析,旨在促进园林事业发展。
探析现代住宅建筑设计的地域性表达
Authors: 李 艳敏
Published: July 2018

地域性是影响现代住宅建筑设计的重要因素之一,其强调结合当地气候的设计、尊重地域文化,融入自然环境,其也是现代住宅建筑设计需要推崇的原则之一。基于此,本文阐述了现代住宅建筑设计要求及其主要原则,对现代住宅建筑设计的地域性表达进行了探讨分析,旨在满足人们的居住要求。
民用绿色建筑结构设计的未来发展方向
Authors: 杨 慧芳
Published: July 2018

近年来,我国的社会主义市场经济日益繁荣,城市化建设进程不断扩张,这为建筑行业的发展奠定了坚实的基础,房屋建筑成为其主流趋势。在人们物质生活得到充分满足的前提下,其逐步加大了对民用绿色建筑结构设计的关注力度。基于此,本文首先阐述了民用绿色建筑结构设计的基本内容,同时分析了绿色建筑理念在民用建筑中的应用价值体现,并就其发展形势进行了预测。
简析建筑暖通工程建设中的施工要点及其质量控制
Authors: 张 保峰
Published: July 2018

随着人们物质生活水平的提高,人们对居住环境要求也不断提高。为了保障暖通工程在建筑中的正常运行,本文简述了暖通工程的主要特征以及建筑暖通工程建设施工准备,对建筑暖通工程建设中的施工要点及其质量控制进行了简要分析,旨在保障建筑暖通工程的安全运行。
浅谈高层建筑结构基础设计中存在的问题与解决措施
Authors: 白 银宝 , 张 晓峰 , 杜 新杰
Published: July 2018

近几年来伴随着我国经济的不断发展,科技水平的不断提高,人民物质生活的日益丰富,催生了我国建筑领域向更高质量更美化的方向发展。高层建筑数量不断增多,建筑的外观多样丰富,这一系列的客观条件都为我国高层建筑的设计结构,创造了不一样且具有无限可能的发展空间。所以我国目前相关建筑单位和相关企业包括科技研究人员都在努力地对高层建筑结构基础设计中存在的问题与解决措施进行紧锣密鼓的探讨。而我也联系了课题要求,并且结合了我自身在工地设计实践活动中的相关资料和经验总结, 将对高层建筑结构基础设计中存在的问题与解决措施进行一系列细致的浅层探讨。而我的一些观点和看法希望能够为我国高层建筑结构的基础设计工作提供绵薄之力。
Forecasting Sugarcane yield of India using ARIMA-ANN hybrid model
Authors: Ray Mrinmoy , Tomar R. S. , V. Ramasubramanian , Singh K. N.
Published: July 2018

Sugarcane is one of the main cash crops of India hence forecasting sugarcane yield is vital for proper planning. Till date Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is a stand out amongst the most main stream approach for sugarcane yield forecasting. Recent research activity reveals that hybrid model improves the accuracy of forecasting when contrasted with the individual model. Along these lines, in this study, ARIMA-ANN hybrid model was utilized for forecasting sugarcane yield of India. The hybrid model was compared with ARIMA approach. Empirical results clearly reveal that the forecasting accuracy of the hybrid model is superior to ARIMA.
Housing and Management Practices of Goat Research in Chittorgarh District of Rajasthan
Authors: Mordia Anil , Sharma M. C. , Nagda R. K , Gautam Lokesh
Published: July 2018

Livestock play a vital role in the agriculture and rural economics of the developing world. Animal husbandry is a major economic activity of the rural peoples, especially in the Chittorgarh district of Southern Rajasthan. A field survey was conducted to study goat housing and management practices of 120 respondents of 8 villages of Chittorgarh and Kapasan tehsils of Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan were interviewed. Frequencies were work out for each attributes and percentage were calculated to draw inferences. Most of goat owners has open goat shed attached to own house with floor made by dung and clay. Majority of goat owners used manger feeding (60percentage) which was mostly made of wooden type (55.56percentage). All goat owners used to water trough and cleaning and washing of goat house regularly. Majority (85percentage) of goat owners used to local method for identification of goat and weaning practice (70percentage) donot give proper housing for winter season (58.33percentage) and summer season (60percentage).
Métodos para quantificação de chuva dirigida incidente nas fachadas das edificações
Authors: Zanoni Vanda Alice Garcia , Sanchez José Manoel Morales , Bauer Elton
Published: July 2018

A chuva dirigida é uma das principais fontes de umidade das fachadas das edificações, desencadeando mecanismos de degradação que envolvem processos de molhagem e secagem, variações higrotérmicas e perda de estanqueidade dos constituintes. Existem diversos métodos de quantificação de chuva dirigida para calcular a intensidade de água que é projetada na fachada. Esses métodos permitem avaliar as condições de exposição que afetam a durabilidade e vida útil das edificações, assim como a intensidade da ação deste fenômeno. As normas internacionais ISO 15927-3: 2009 e ASHRAE Standard 160: 2009 são exemplos de documentos de referência que fornecem procedimentos e critérios para estimar a quantidade de chuva dirigida que se projeta na superfície vertical, em cada orientação de fachada. No cenário nacional, as normas brasileiras não apresentam critérios, modelos ou métodos de cálculo para a quantificação de chuva dirigida. Considerando as lacunas existentes no contexto brasileiro, este artigo apresenta métodos e modelos identificados por meio de uma revisão de literatura. O foco deste artigo é a avaliação dos principais métodos selecionados para quantificação da chuva dirigida em fachada, embasada em estudos descritivos e analíticos que permitiram a comparação entre eles. Os resultados mostram que os métodos semiempíricos avaliados resultam em diferentes montantes de chuva dirigida, visto que os métodos adotam diferentes parâmetros para os coeficientes que retratam as condições de exposição do edifício e sua inserção no contexto urbano.
Contribuição do componente e da espessura no desempenho acústico de vedações verticais
Authors: Andrade Fábia Kamilly Gomes de , Lordsleem Jr. Alberto Casado , Souza Pedro Henrique Rosa , Veríssimo José Victor Pereira dos Santos
Published: July 2018

O desempenho das edificações tem se tornado preocupação crescente das construtoras, tendo em vista as exigências dos usuários e a competitividade do mercado imobiliário; além da norma brasileira de desempenho de edificações habitacionais. Como uma destas exigências, pode-se citar o isolamento sonoro das vedações verticais, que causam desconforto acústico quando deficiente. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a conformidade das vedações verticais internas e externas em campo em relação aos critérios estabelecidos pela norma brasileira de desempenho, analisando os resultados obtidos em relação ao tipo de componente e às espessuras total e do revestimento. Para tanto, foram coletados dados em 15 edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos, que utilizaram os seguintes componentes: tijolo cerâmico, bloco cerâmico, bloco de concreto ou bloco de gesso. Constatou-se que apenas 25% dos componentes avaliados estão em conformidade com a norma, no caso das vedações verticais internas. Para as vedações verticais externas, apenas 10% dos componentes avaliados estão em conformidade com o critério de classe de ruído II e nenhum com o critério de classe de ruído III. Verificou-se também que o bloco de concreto apresenta melhor desempenho para vedações internas e externas, devido ao seu comportamento mais constante na faixa de frequências de 100 a 3150 Hz. As espessuras totais e de revestimento que corresponderam ao melhor desempenho acústico, obtido na amostragem, também foram identificadas.
Avaliação do desempenho de vedações verticais utilizando o Processo de Análise Hierárquica na tomada de decisão
Authors: Caldas Lucas Rosse , Carvalho Michele Tereza Marques
Published: July 2018

A avaliação de desempenho de sistemas construtivos tem sido um tema amplamente discutido no setor da construção civil brasileira. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho acústico, térmico e ambiental de diferentes sistemas construtivos comumente utilizados em vedações verticais de edificações habitacionais.  Foram avaliados os seguintes sistemas: alvenaria de vedação de blocos cerâmicos, alvenaria de tijolos cerâmicos, alvenaria estrutural de blocos de concreto, parede de concreto moldado no local e steel framing. Para o desempenho acústico foram estimados valores do índice de redução sonora ponderado (Rw), enquanto que para o desempenho térmico foram calculados a resistência térmica (Rt) e a capacidade térmica (Ct) dos sistemas construtivos escolhidos. Para a avaliação do desempenho ambiental foram quantificados um indicador de consumo de energia de combustíveis fósseis (IE) e um indicador de emissões de carbono (IC), com base na metodologia de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Como forma de facilitar a tomada de decisão do projetista foi empregado o Processo de Análise Hierárquica (AHP) para agregar os diferentes critérios avaliados a um indicador de desempenho global (IDG), considerando diferentes cenários. Os resultados mostraram que quando o IDG é calculado o sistema de alvenaria blocos de concreto se apresentou o mais vantajoso para a maioria dos cenários avaliados. Foi possível verificar o potencial do uso do método de AHP para orientar e sistematizar escolhas de diferentes sistemas construtivos para vedações verticais.
Entre simulações e algoritmos: o desempenho ambiental e a percepção do usuário na arquitetura contemporânea
Authors: Neves Letícia de Oliveira , Ruschel Regina Coeli , Bernardini Sidney Piochi , Moreira Daniel de Carvalho
Published: July 2018

O segundo número do Volume 9 de 2018 da PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção é composto por artigos de pesquisa e de revisões sistemáticas da literatura desenvolvidos por pesquisadores dos estados brasileiros de Alagoas, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. As instituições de ensino e pesquisa envolvidas nos estudos apresentados são: Centro Superior de Juiz de Fora, Universidade de Pernambuco, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Universidade Federal de Brasília, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Universidade Federal de Viçosa e Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Neste número houve uma inversão, comparada a números anteriormente publicados, isto é, as áreas de formação dos autores concentram-se em Engenharia Civil, na maioria, e depois em Arquitetura. As temáticas abordadas nos artigos de pesquisa têm enfoque na ventilação natural e a qualidade ambiental das cidades, desempenho de vedações verticais e simulações termo energéticas. As revisões sistemáticas da literatura abordam pesquisas em sistemas generativos em projeto e sobre a percepção do valor na habitação. Assim, inspiram o título deste editorial.
Robert Chester Smith e os estudos das cidades coloniais
Authors: Melo Sabrina Fernandes
Published: July 2018

O que agrupou todas as temáticas pesquisadas pelo historiador Robert Chester Smith foi o estudo das cidades, ou seja, todas as manifestações artísticas estudadas por ele foram eminentemente urbanas. Smith tratou dos aspectos estéticos e artísticos percebidos nas igrejas, ruas, casas, pinturas e esculturas do período colonial. Um cenário urbano entendido como local de embate, disputas, discussão e construção de parâmetros estéticos, patrimoniais e artísticos e um campo de pesquisas em formação. Smith se inseriu no campo intelectual brasileiro em 1937, ano de sua primeira viagem ao Brasil. Entretanto, desde o início da sua formação buscou integrar e fortalecer o campo de estudos sobre arte e arquitetura colonial, especificamente luso-brasileira. Portanto, o artigo trata da formação do campo de estudos sobre arte e arquitetura colonial a partir da trajetória intelectual de Robert Chester Smith.
Editorial Dossiê Cidade do Século XVIII
Authors: Bastos Rodrigo Almeida
Published: July 2018

Nas histórias da arte, da arquitetura e da cidade, toda denominação que se caracterize por uma identificação temporal ou estilística corre o risco de ser generalista e superficial. Assim, há algumas décadas, temos consciência dos proveitos mas também dos limites de algumas classificações como: a “cidade medieval”, a “cidade ideal”, a “cidade barroca”, a “cidade iluminista” etc., tanto pelo que resta excluído do nome quanto pelo que pode vir a residir dentro dele, quase sempre arbitrariamente. Acrescente-se, ainda, que uma denominação geralmente não oferece uma identidade semântica homogênea ou unívoca, uma concordância absoluta de entendimento para aqueles que se interessam por ela – essa cidade reificada por um epíteto ou pelo número de um século que, a bem da verdade e do rigor, só tem começo e fim nos calendários.
Research on Continuous Sign Language Sentence Recognition Algorithm Based on Weighted Key-Frame
Authors: Xu Xin-Xin , Huang Yuan-Yuan , Hu Zuo-Jin ,   Institute of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 29 General Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China,   School of Mathematics and Information Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education No.1 Shennong Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, China
Published: July 2018

At present, most of the dynamic sign language recognition is only for sign language words, the continuous sign language sentence recognition research and the corresponding results are less, because the segmentation of such sentence is very difficult. In this paper, a sign language sentence recognition algorithm is proposed based on weighted key-frames. Key-frames can be regarded as the basic unit of sign word, therefore, according to key frames we can get related vocabularies, and thus we can further organize these vocabularies into meaningful sentences. Such work can avoid the hard point of dividing sign language sentence directly. With the help of Kinect, i.e. motion-control device, a kind of self-adaptive algorithm of key-frame extraction based on the trajectory of sign language is brought out in the paper. After that, the key-frame is given weight according to its semantic contribution. Finally, the recognition algorithm is designed based on these weighted key-frames and thus get the continuous sign language sentence. Experiments show that the algorithm designed in this paper can realize real-time recognition of continuous sign language sentences.
Fuzzified Even-Sized Clustering Based on Optimization
Authors: Kitajima Kei , Endo Yasunori , Hamasuna Yukihiro ,   Department of Risk Engineering, Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan,   Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan,   Department of Informatics, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
Published: July 2018

Clustering is a method of data analysis without the use of supervised data. Even-sized clustering based on optimization (ECBO) is a clustering algorithm that focuses on cluster size with the constraints that cluster sizes must be the same. However, this constraints makes ECBO inconvenient to apply in cases where a certain margin of cluster size is allowed. It is believed that this issue can be overcome by applying a fuzzy clustering method. Fuzzy clustering can represent the membership of data to clusters more flexible. In this paper, we propose a new even-sized clustering algorithm based on fuzzy clustering and verify its effectiveness through numerical examples.
PERBEDAAN PEMAHAMAN BELAJAR ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH DAN USIA SEKOLAH
Authors: Jovanka Della Raymena
Published: July 2018

This research measured the understanding of learning based on the theory of mind in the groups of pre-school aged and school aged children in two studies. Study 1 measured the spontaneous expression of 8 children from the two groups using the categories of resource, process, and learning content and intention, desire, and attention through secondary data in the language analysis CHILDES. The research conducted in March 2011 through May 2012 discovered at â€œtempat kursus membaca & menulis GAFA Tebet and SDN Gunung 05 (Mexico) South of Jakarta, the spontaneous expression about intention decreased. The expression of attention did not change. The second study measured the responds of 130 children to the story containing intention, desire, and attention. The result was a significant difference in the understanding of learning process based on the theory of mind in both groups. The pre-school aged children understood learning process and intention, while the school aged children understood learning process based on desire.
Evaluation of the Spinoffs Criteria: A Lesson from The Indonesian Islamic Banking Industry
Authors: Al Arif M Nur Rianto , Nachrowi Nachrowi D , Nasution Mustafa Edwin , Mahmud T.M. Zakir
Published: July 2018

Spin-off policy is one of the crucial issues in the Indonesian Islamic Banking Act (The Act of 21/2008). This paper is going to evaluate the spinoffs criteria that are inherent in the Act of 21/2008. The method that has been used in this paper to evaluate the spinoffs criteria is ARIMA and simulation. This ARIMA method is used to forecast that the Islamic banking unit can achieve the fifty percent asset after fifteen years after this act. The object that is used in this paper is four Islamic spin-off's banks, five Islamic banking units, and two Islamic full-fledged banks. The ARIMA result shows that from all of the objects in fifteen years or the year of 2023, there are no Islamic banks either Islamic full-fledged banks or Islamic banking unit can achieve the fifty percent asset. Besides that, based on the simulation it needs high growth asset to achieve the market share asset of its parent’s banks. According to these results, this study suggests the regulator should revise the spinoffs criteria using the strict criteria that based on either nominal assets, capital, financial ratio or the others.
The Study of Fraud in Financial Institutions (Analysis of the Theory of Fraud Triangle in Perspective of Islamic Sharia)
Authors: Nadhirin N. , Husnurrosyidah H.
Published: July 2018

This research aims to (1) reveal the fraud practices and the factors that caused it, (2) understand and analyze the practices of fraud in the perspective of the theory of triangle of fraud and fraud in the Islamic perspective (3) find the pattern prevention of practice fraud. This study used a qualitative approach. Engineering data collection with interviews, observation and documentation. The location of this research on BPR Mandiri Arta Abadi, Semarang. The subject of this research include leadership of the BPR, customers and some employees. The validity of the data was tested with triangulation, include angulasi techniques, resources and time. Data were analyzed with the interactive silkus technique, namely, collecting, reducing, displaying and verifying. The research found that fraud was done by because many factors, both factors that is internal or external. Internally the offender committing fraud because the urge to want to earn more income outside official income received. A sense of responsibility both morally and awareness religions are less well encourage perpetrators to commit fraud. The academic level of education principals, pushing data to rationalize, and make a decision. The external pressure that is encouraging the perpetrators of fraud are due to the pressure of the needs and desires of your family and those near loved as well as supply of goods and services that encourage actors to do the fraud at work. Approach to fraud from the perspective of Sharia and triangle, resulting in a more comprehensive understanding of fraud, academic, ethical and transcendental. So with a comprehensive understanding of this, is able to prevent acts of fraud in financial institutions.
Continued Increase in Prevalence of Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis in the United States, 1970–2017
Authors: Blackley David J. , Halldin Cara N. , Laney A. Scott
Published: July 2018

Objectives. To update prevalence estimates for coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) among working underground coal miners in the United States.

Methods. We conducted a prevalence study using radiographs collected from 1970 to 2017. We classified each radiograph using international standards. We defined CWP as the presence of small opacities, with profusion greater than or equal to subcategory 1/0, or the presence of a large opacity larger than 1 centimeter.

Results. Following a low point in the late 1990s, the national prevalence of CWP in miners with 25 years or more of tenure now exceeds 10%. In central Appalachia (Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia), 20.6% of long-tenured miners have CWP. When we excluded miners from central Appalachia, the prevalence for the remainder of the United States was lower, but an increase since 2000 remains evident.

Conclusions. The national prevalence of CWP among working coal miners is increasing. This increase is most pronounced in central Appalachia. Current CWP prevalence estimates will likely be reflected in future trends for severe and disabling disease, including progressive massive fibrosis.

Public Health Implications. Recently enacted protections to prevent coal mine dust exposure and identify CWP at its early stage remain essential to protect US coal miners.
Medicaid Expansion as an Employment Incentive Program for People With Disabilities
Authors: Hall Jean P. , Shartzer Adele , Kurth Noelle K. , Thomas Kathleen C.
Published: July 2018

Before the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), many Americans with disabilities were locked into poverty to maintain eligibility for Medicaid coverage. US Medicaid expansion under the ACA allows individuals to qualify for coverage without first going through a disability determination process and declaring an inability to work to obtain Supplemental Security Income. Medicaid expansion coverage also allows for greater income and imposes no asset tests.

In this article, we share updates to our previous work documenting greater employment among people with disabilities living in Medicaid expansion states. Over time (2013–2017), the trends in employment among individuals with disabilities living in Medicaid expansion states have become significant, indicating a slow but steady progression toward employment for this group post-ACA.

In effect, Medicaid expansion coverage is acting as an employment incentive program for people with disabilities. These findings have broad policy implications in light of recent changes regarding imposition of work requirements for Medicaid programs.
Capsular Ligament Function After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: van Arkel Richard J. , Ng K.C. Geoffrey , Muirhead-Allwood Sarah K. , Jeffers Jonathan R.T.
Published: July 2018

Background:

The hip joint capsule passively restrains extreme range of motion, protecting the native hip against impingement, dislocation, and edge-loading. We hypothesized that following total hip arthroplasty (THA), the reduced femoral head size impairs this protective biomechanical function.

Methods:

In cadavers, THA was performed through the acetabular medial wall, preserving the entire capsule, and avoiding the targeting of a particular surgical approach. Eight hips were examined. Capsular function was measured by rotating the hip in 5 positions. Three head sizes (28, 32, and 36 mm) with 3 neck lengths (anatomical 0, +5, and +10 mm) were compared.

Results:

Internal and external rotation range of motion increased following THA, indicating late engagement of the capsule and reduced biomechanical function (p < 0.05). Internal rotation was affected more than external. Increasing neck length reduced this hypermobility, while too much lengthening caused nonphysiological restriction of external rotation. Larger head sizes only slightly reduced hypermobility.

Conclusions:

Following THA, the capsular ligaments were unable to wrap around the reduced-diameter femoral head to restrain extreme range of motion. The posterior capsule was the most affected, indicating that native posterior capsule preservation is not advantageous, at least in the short term. Insufficient neck length could cause capsular dysfunction even if native ligament anatomy is preserved, while increased neck length could overtighten the anterior capsule.

Clinical Relevance:

Increased understanding of soft-tissue balancing following THA could help to prevent instability and improve early function. This study illustrates how head size and neck length influence the biomechanical function of the hip capsule in the early postoperative period.
Timing of Epiphysiodesis to Correct Leg-Length Discrepancy
Authors: Makarov Marina R. , Jackson Taylor J. , Smith Connor M. , Jo Chan-Hee , Birch John G.
Published: July 2018

Background:

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of different methods used to predict ultimate leg lengths and residual leg-length discrepancy in a group of patients treated with epiphysiodesis at our institution.

Methods:

Seventy-seven patients with adequate preoperative radiographs, no postoperative complications, and follow-up to skeletal maturity composed the study group. We compared the predicted lengths of both legs and residual leg-length discrepancy at maturity with actual outcomes using the White-Menelaus, Anderson-Green, Moseley, and multiplier methods.

Results:

Skeletal age varied >1 year from chronological age in 61 (26%) of 231 observations, including 19 patients (25%) whose average skeletal age from 3 determinations differed by >1 year from chronological age. The prediction accuracy of each method was improved by using skeletal, rather than chronological, age. Error in prediction of the length of the short leg varied from a mean (and standard deviation) of 1.8 ± 1.2 cm for the straight-line graph to 2.5 ± 2.0 cm for the multiplier method. Prediction error for the long leg (after epiphysiodesis) varied from a mean of 1.2 ± 1.1 cm for the straight-line graph to 1.7 ± 1.5 cm for the multiplier method. Leg-length-discrepancy prediction error ranged from a mean of 0.7 ± 0.6 cm for the White-Menelaus method incorporating a growth inhibition factor to 1.1 ± 0.9 cm for the multiplier method. The multiplier method was the least accurate of all. All differences were significant.

Conclusions:

Determination of skeletal age is clinically relevant in patients being considered for epiphysiodesis to manage leg-length inequality. The multiplier method was the least accurate of the prediction methods in this patient population, which may have implications in calculating the appropriate timing of epiphysiodesis.
Synergy of Government and Private in Strategic Planning of Tourism Region Development
Authors: Mursyidah Lailul , Wijayanto Ismuhadi Heru
Published: July 2018

Tourism is one of the most promising fields to support the economic development of a region. As one of the source of locally generated revenues (PAD), the government and private sector should form a synergy in formulating strategic planning for tourism development in the region. The purpose of this study is to analyze the synergy of government and private party in formulating strategic planning at Wisata Bahari Lamongan (WBL). This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Data acquired from observation, interview, and documentation. The selection of informants was done by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis technique is done by utilizing Miles & Huberman interactive model. The results of this study indicate that WBL's strategic planning process involves monitoring, preparation, implementation and evaluation. The long-term aims of the WBL are structured in outstanding mission vision, yet there are weaknesses in the WBL mission that there is no specific mission to overcome the decline of the visitors. The outcomes also indicate that there is a low synergy between government, private, and community in WBL development planning. Communication and coordination in policy formulation is a major cause of low synergy among stakeholders.
Fatty Acids Decrease in Pearl Millet Forage from Relative Increases of Pseudostem
Authors: Goossen C. P. , Kraft J. , Bosworth S. C.
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas

Fatty acid content and composition of lamina and pseudostem are markedly different.

Whole plant fatty acid analysis is a non‐ideal presentation for warm‐season annuals.

Lamina mass ratio is an important correlate of fatty acids in warm‐season annuals.

Managing for greater lamina intake may greatly influence animal fatty acid supply.

Forage fatty acids (FA) are linked with consumer‐desired FA composition of ruminant meat and dairy products. Maturing forage grasses decrease in α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and ΣFA content, and this is exacerbated in tall summer annuals. We compared ALA and ΣFA content within pearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] fractions to determine if decreases are attributable to advancing maturity within fractions or simply to the change in proportion of the fractions. Samples were collected six times, from early vegetative to late boot stage. Lamina and pseudostem fractions were separated, and whole plant FA composition was calculated from the weighted average of the fractions. As pearl millet matured, ALA and ΣFA content decreased by 55 to 56% within pseudostems and on a whole‐plant basis, although only by 10% in laminae. The ALA proportion of ΣFA decreased by 14% on a whole plant basis, despite not changing within constituent fractions.
Joint Editorial: Invigorating Hydrological Research through Journal Publications
Authors: Quinn Nevil , Blöschl Günter , Bárdossy András , Castellarin Attilio , Clark Martyn , Cudennec Christophe , Koutsoyiannis Demetris , Lall Upmanu , Lichner Lubomir , Parajka Juraj , Peters-Lidard Christa D. , Sander Graham , Savenije Hubert , Smettem Keith , Vereecken Harry , Viglione Alberto , Willems Patrick , Wood Andy , Woods Ross , Xu Chong-Yu , Zehe Erwin
Published: July 2018

Editors of several journals in the field of hydrology met during the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union (EGU) in Vienna in April 2017. This event was a follow‐up of similar meetings held in 2013 and 2015. These meetings enable the group of editors to review the current status of the journals and the publication process, and to share thoughts on future strategies. Journals were represented at the 2017 meeting by their editors, as shown in the list of authors. The main points on invigorating hydrological research through journal publications are communicated in this joint editorial published in our journals.
Corporate governance and quality of financial statements: a study of listed Nigerian banks
Authors: Uwuigbe Uwalomwa , Damilola Felix Eluyela , Ranti Uwuigbe Olubukola , Teddy Obarakpo , Irene Falola
Published: July 2018

This study investigated the influence of Corporate governance on the timeliness of financial reports of listed banks in Nigeria. In order to provide answers to the research questions raised in this study, data were generated from the annual report of the listed banks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange considering the period 2008–2015. The study used Board size, Board Independence and Foreign Executives on the board as proxies for corporate governance. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and panel data regression analysis. It was observed that board size had a non-significant negative relationship with the timeliness of financial reports. Also, the study observed that board independence also had a non-significant negative relationship with the timeliness of financial reports. Finally, it was observed that foreign executives on the board had a significant positive relationship with the timeliness of financial reports. The study thus recommends that the existing legal framework in Nigeria should be developed that clearly specifies the rights and obligations of a bank, its management and, of course, other stakeholders.
Correlation Between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels, Free Fatty Acid Levels, and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Nasriati Fazria , Hidayat Rudy , Budiman Budiman , Rinaldi Ikhwan
Published: July 2018

Background:

The mortality of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is quite high, which is largely due to cardiovascular complications caused by endothelial dysfunction. One of the important inflammatory mediators that contribute to RA joints arthritis of TNF-α, also proven to play a role in endothelial dysfunction and play a role in increasing intracellular lipolysis, thus increasing circulating FFA levels.

Objectives:

To determine the correlation between TNF-α levels with VCAM-1 levels, correlation of TNF-α levels with FFA levels, and correlation of FFA levels with VCAM-1 levels.

Methods:

Cross sectional and retrospective design studies of adult RA patients treated at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), without metabolic disturbances, acute infection, cardiovascular disorders, or other autoimmune diseases. The cross-sectional data was collected from October to November 2017, while retrospective samples were collected since August 2016. TNF-α, VCAM-1, and FFA levels were assessed by serum blood test by ELISA method. Correlation analysis is done by Pearson analysis when the data distribution is normal and with Spearman analysis when the data distribution is not normal.

Results:

A total of 35 subjects were enrolled in the study. Most (97.1%) were women with an average age of 45.29 years, median disease duration of 48 months, and most had moderate disease activity (65.7%). No significant correlation was found between TNF-α levels and VCAM-1 levels (p = 0.677; r = +0.073). as well betwen TNF-α levels and FFA levels (p = 0.227; r = -0.21). The correlation between FFA and VCAM-1 levels showed significant correlation with negative correlation and weak correlation (p = 0.036; r = -0.355).

Conclusions:

(1) There was no correlation between TNF-α levels and VCAM-1 levels in RA patients; (2) There was no correlation between TNF-α levels and FFA levels in RA patients; (3) There was a negative correlation between FFA levels and VCAM-1 levels in RA patients.
Hemidystrophic Thorax Mimicking Scoliosis
Authors: Weiss Hans-Rudolf , Seibel Sarah
Published: July 2018

Background:

We regularly use Angle of Trunk Rotation (ATR) measurements for scoliosis screening and also for clinical follow-up of our scoliosis patients under treatment. In some patients, when ATR measurements exceed the screening threshold but without a significant degree of curvature on the X-ray (Cobb angle), a Hemidystrophic Thorax (HDT) is diagnosed. The purpose of this paper was to present a case series of patients with this kind of thoracic deformity because this may be mimicking scoliosis to a significant degree.

Materials and Methods:

This case series is a consecutive series of patients where the first author detected a hemidystrophic thorax instead of or in combination with scoliosis. A 3D scan of the trunk was made and adjusted to the coordinates in order to achieve an upright orientation of the upper trunk. The scan was scaled in order to determine certain anatomic landmarks, as performed in preparation for bracing. The scan was cut horizontally at the xiphoid level and the plane at this level was analysed visually in order to detect deformations that were different to the typical scoliotic deformations in the horizontal plane.

Results:

Seven cases were analysed and described in more detail.

Conclusion:

The condition of HDT may lead to significant rib humps that mimic scoliosis. According to our case series, mild scoliosis can also be associated with HDT. HDT, according to the cases presented in this study, seems to be a relatively benign deformity. Long-term observations are necessary before a final conclusion can be drawn with respect to prognosis.
HIV Prevention in Adolescents and Young People in the Eastern and Southern African Region: A Review of Key Challenges Impeding Actions for an Effective Response
Authors: Govender Kaymarlin , Masebo Wilfred G.B. , Nyamaruze Patrick , Cowden Richard G. , Schunter Bettina T. , Bains Anurita
Published: July 2018

The global commitment to ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030 places HIV prevention at the centre of the response. With the disease continuing to disproportionately affect young populations in the Eastern and Southern African Region (ESAR), particularly adolescent girls and young women, reducing HIV infections in this group is integral to achieving this ambitious target. This paper examines epidemiological patterns of the HIV epidemic among adolescents and young people, indicating where HIV prevention efforts need to be focused (i.e., adolescent girls and young women, adolescent boys and young men and young key populations).

Key innovations in the science of HIV prevention and strategies for dealing with programme implementation are reviewed. The paper also discusses the value of processes to mitigate HIV vulnerability and recommends actions needed to sustain the HIV prevention response. Stemming the tide of new HIV infections among young people in the ESAR requires an amplification of efforts across all sectors, which will safeguard past achievements and advance actions towards eliminating AIDS as a public health threat.