bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Technical Efficiency of Women Cassava Farmers in Ankpa Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Audu S. I. , Girei A. A. , Umar H. S.
Published: April 2020

The study was about technical efficiency of women cassava farmers in Ankpa Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. A simple random sample of 120 women cassava farmers were interviewed with a structured questionnaire and information concerning their socioeconomic attributes, revenue realized and cost incurred in cassava production were obtained. The data were analysed with the use of stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function and the inefficiency model. Results indicated that farm size, family labour, hired labour, equipment depreciation, cassava stems, fertilizers and transportation had positive coefficients and thus influenced cassava output positively.  Education, household size, farming experience and extension visits increased farmers’ technical efficiency. Many farmers had high technical efficiency. The mean technical efficiency was 76 percent with a maximum of 98 percent technical efficiency. Recommendation made to improve cassava production were making farm inputs available at affordable prices, review of land tenure system, opening up of more credit agencies and increase extension visits among others.
Fungal Diversity in the Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Moench. in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Onaebi C. N. , Okoro A. C. , Anyaogu E.
Published: April 2020

Aim: The growth and development of economically important crops are usually affected positively or negatively by the microbes present in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane. Based on this, the study was carried out to determine the fungal diversity in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of okra plant.

Methods: Okra seeds were purchased from an agricultural shop in Nsukka main market and were planted at Botanic garden, Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Physicochemical properties of the soil sample were evaluated prior to planting and as the plant aged. Rhizosphere and rhizoplane samples were collected at two weeks interval and dilution plate method was used in fungi isolation after which they were identified. The frequency of occurrence and the colony forming unit per gram of the sample (cfu/g) were evaluated.

Results: The Physicochemical properties of the soil samples fluctuated as plant aged at two weeks intervals. The pH was slightly acidic to neutral which is ideal for most plant to grow. The water retention capacity, moisture content and organic matter content increased from 11.47-27.90 ml/g, 5.03-21.07% and 2.35-3.68% respectively at two weeks interval but fluctuates at subsequent weeks. A total of eleven (11) fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere and were identified as, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus bertholletius, Fusarium oxysporum, Galactomyces candidum, Helminthosporium solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium citrinum and Trichoderma viride. All fungi were present in the rhizoplane except Aspergillus bertholletius and Penicillium citrinum. Rhizosphere had a greater number of fungi than the rhizoplane. Aspergillus species were predominant in both the rhizosphere and rhizoplane. A. niger had the highest frequency of occurrence of 58.67% on the 6th week and 65.79% on the 4th week in rhizosphere and rhizoplane respectively. The colony forming unit (cfu/g) of Aspergillus niger was significantly different from all other isolates at P≤0.001 followed by Mucor racemosus and Fusarium oxysporum with significant differences at P≤0.05 and P≤0.01 respectively.

Conclusion: The rhizosphere and rhizoplane of okra plants has been shown to be rich in fungal diversity and a greater number were obtained from the rhizosphere. The data obtained from this work could be exploited by microbial ecologist to ascertain ecological associations and biomass increase by the fungal communities which also forms part of ecosystem. The fungi had no pathological effect on the plant which suggest positive effect on the growth and development of okra plant as the plant aged.
Comparative Physiological, Biochemical and Transcript Response to Drought in Sorghum Genotypes
Authors: Amoah Joseph Noble , Antwi-Berko Daniel
Published: April 2020

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is considered as an important staple crop in the tropical regions. However, the productivity of this useful crop is hindered by drought which contributes to significant yield reduction. The present study aimed to decipher the effects of drought stress on physiological, biochemical and gene expression changes in sorghum genotypes and to ascertain the differences in their response to drought stress. To achieve these objectives, six sorghum genotypes were grown in pot culture in a greenhouse, in a randomized complete block design and exposed to water stress treatment for 10 days. From the study, drought stress caused a significant (P < .05) reduction in plant height, leaf water and chlorophyll contents while the proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and antioxidant enzymes activity increased significantly (P < .05) and differentially in all sorghum genotypes. Among the genotypes investigated, PI 585456 showed enhanced performance and was considered as the most tolerant to drought in relation to plant growth and water relation, membrane status, photosynthetic activity, ROS and osmolytes accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activity. Furthermore, the transcript expression analyses of different categories of drought-responsive genes, viz; antioxidant-related, osmolytes biosynthesis-related, dehydrin-related, photosystem-related and transcription-related were differentially upregulated in sorghum genotypes investigated. The results revealed the differences in metabolic response to drought among the genotypes, which accentuated the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanism related to a specific response that may play a vital role in drought tolerance in sorghum.
Knowledge of Chikungunya Disease among Academic Population in Private Universities, Khartoum State, Sudan - 2019
Authors: El Hunjul Ghalib Nashaat , Balla Siham Ahmed
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Chikungunya is a viral disease that could lead to chronic symptoms. It has no approved treatment or vaccine to date.

Objective: To assess the level of knowledge about Chikungunya viral disease following an outbreak in Kassala Sudan among the academic population in private universities in Khartoum State.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in three private universities in Khartoum State during April-August 2019. A sample of 376 individuals (346 medical students and 30 teaching staff) was determined. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the target population. It included eleven variables about the information regarding Chikungunya disease. Data was imported into SPSS program version 20 and descriptive statistics were presented.  Knowledge variables were categorized into scores as adequate, moderate and poor. Chi square test was used to test the knowledge levels among the study population at the confidence level of 95%.

Results: Out of 376 study population, 66 (17.6%) had never heard about the Chikungunya disease. Therefore, the knowledge variables were analyzed among 310 individuals who heard about the disease. Out of 310 individuals, 235 (75.8%) knew that the disease is viral and 245 (79.0%) knew that fever is the common symptom. Individuals who did not know the mode of transmission were 200 (64.5%). Individuals who did not know the diagnostic methods of the disease and management methods accounted for 228 (73.5%) and 174 (56.1%) respectively. One hundred seventy-five individuals (56.5%) did not know the prevention by vector control and 174 (56.1%) did not know if a vaccine is available or not. Out of 310 individuals, 60 (19.4%) had adequate knowledge about Chikungunya disease. Moderate to poor knowledge were significantly high among the study population, p value = 0.0002.

Conclusion: Most of the study population heard about Chikungunya disease but the majority had moderate to poor knowledge about the disease. Private universities should open channels with Ministries of Health to facilitate field training of students during outbreaks.
Timing of Daily Radiotherapy for Cases of Head and Neck Cancer: Does It Make Difference?
Authors: Elzahi Mohamed Saad Eldeen , Attia Shimaa E. , Elazab Skoukri H.
Published: April 2020

Background: Oral mucositis is a major problem affecting all head and neck cancer (HNC) patients received radiotherapy. Till now, available treatment is just symptomatic with limited effects. Preventive strategies may be better to avoid this complication. Animal models studies have illustrated that anti-cancer treatment toxicity display prominent daily variations; therefore, undesirable side effects could be significantly reduced by administration of radiotherapy at specific times when they are better tolerated.

Aim: To compare “soreness quality score” (SQS) between 2 groups of head and neck cancer patients received radiotherapy at different daily time.

Methods: 2 groups of head neck cancer patients treated at Mansoura university hospital; each group included 80 cases. Group A received radiotherapy at early morning between 6 and 8 am, while Group B received radiotherapy in the afternoon between 1 and 3 pm. Oral mucositis survey was self-reported weekly during and at the end of treatment by using “soreness quality score” (SQS).

Results: For group A, mild mucositis (score 1 and 2) was recorded in 53 cases (66%) and severe mucositis was recorded in 27 cases (34%). For group B, mild mucositis was recorded in 29 cases (36%) and severe mucositis was recorded in 51 cases (64%). There was statistically significant difference (0.003) between both groups as regards development of severe oral mucositis.

Conclusion: Better toxicity profile as regards oral mucositis could be obtained by giving radiotherapy for (HNC) patients at early morning compared to late afternoon. Further studies are worthwhile to confirm our findings.
Incidence of Sickle Cell Anaemia among Children Attending Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital, Sokoto
Authors: Lema S. Y. , Suleiman J. , Ibrahim J.
Published: April 2020

Sickle Cell Anaemia is still considered the most common genetic disease worldwide, causing morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, Mediterranean areas, Middle East and India. Nigeria, being the most populous black nation in the world, bears its greatest burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of Sickle Cell Anaemia among children attending Maryam Abacha Women and Children Hospital, Sokoto. A total of one hundred (100) blood samples were examined for the disease. Out of the 100 children tested for the disease. (59%) were normal (HbAA), (35%) were carrier (HbAS) and (6%) were Sicklers (HbSS). The result based on gender showed that female has the highest percentage of the disease (5%) against male subjects with only (1%). A child between the age group 6-10 years has the highest rate of sickle cell anaemia (3%) while age group 11-15 years had the lowest rate of the infection. Improved knowledge regarding Sickle cell anaemia disease and its comprehensive care among Nigerian physicians will enhance quality of care for affected childrens and policy for regular genotype test by government and other stakeholders before marriage among Nigerians will help to prevent the disease.
Physico-chemical properties and milling behavior of modern triticale genotypes
Authors: Watanabe Erika , Antunes Arruda Klever Marcio , Good Kitzberger Cintia Sorane , Coelho Alexandre Rodrigo
Published: April 2020

Triticale is a cereal crop alternative to wheat, and its incorporation into food products is limited. This work aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties and the milling behavior of modern triticale genotypes in order to determine their use in the baking industry. The protein content, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation test, and falling number of triticale genotypes were lower than wheat. The ash content was higher for triticales, while the test weight, starch content, and flour extraction yield were comparable to wheat; but with a considerable variability in the break and reduction flour yield. The studied triticale genotypes can be used in food products that do not require high gluten strength, such as cookies and cakes, as well as cereal bars or extruded cereals, for which ash content and falling number are irrelevant. In addition, the falling number test was not adequate to evaluate the a-amylase activity of triticales and considerable variability in the triticale grain hardness was observed.
Optimization of growth conditions for forage production in a fresh forage growing system
Authors: Kim Do-Gyun , Kim Gyu-Wan , Lee Seung-Hyun , Park Jong-Tae , Lee Wang-Hee
Published: April 2020

The optimization of growth conditions for a fresh forage cultivation system was performed herein to maximize the productivity of hulled barley by using response surface methodology. A central composite design was adopted to design experiments for determining the effects of two growth conditions: temperature (℃) and humidity (%). A second-order polynomial equation with the significant terms of temperature and humidity was developed (R-square = 0.937). The model predicted a maximum productivity of 12,568 g of barley at 19.7℃ and 62% humidity, and the validation experiment showed that the maximum productivity is consistently demonstrated at the predicted optimal conditions. In addition, ingredients analysis to determine the quality of barley suggested that the total ingredient contents were not considerably differentiated by different growth conditions. Consequently, this study successfully identified the optimal growth conditions for maximizing the yield of barley in the fresh forage system.
Seasonal variation of wool fibre length in Karagouniko and Chios sheep in relation to meteorological factors
Authors: Matsoukis Aristidis
Published: April 2020

Karagouniko and Chios sheep breeds present a lot of advantages on the implementation of sheep farming in Greece, a country with diverse relief resulting in a microclimatic variety, but nothing is known about the impact of season, as the outcome of important meteorological variables, on the fibre length growth (FLG) of the aforementioned breeds. Thus, the effect of season (Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn) on the FLG of these breeds (by using analysis of variance) was studied in the Artificial Insemination Center of Karditsa (39021΄18΄΄N, 21054΄19΄΄E), Periphery of Thessaly, Greece, combined with a correlation analysis between FLG of each examined sheep breed and each of the studied meteorological variables, air temperature (AIRT), relative humidity (RH), sunshine (SUNS) and rainfall (R) for a two-year period. It was found that the FLG of Karagouniko sheep was significantly higher than the respective growth of Chios sheep, for each examined season, while the descending order of seasonal FLG for both breeds was Winter>Spring>Autumn>Summer. Fibre length growth of Karagouniko and Chios breeds correlated negatively with AIRT and SUNS and positively with RH, implying a better FLG in cooler, more overcast and wetter time periods. Our study adds new knowledge concerning the effect of season, and particularly, the effect of the aforementioned meteorological variables on the wool growth of two considerable sheep breeds in Greece, Karagouniko and Chios, opening up new horizons for their exploitation.
Healthier chicken nuggets incorporated with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour and partial replacement of sodium chloride with calcium chloride
Authors: Barros J.C.
Published: April 2020

Chicken nuggets were reformulated by substituting the chicken skin with chia flour and partially substituting the NaCl with CaCl2. Four treatments were processed: Control – 1.5 g/100 g NaCl, without the addition of chia flour; CaCl2 – 75% substitution of NaCl by CaCl2; Chia – 50% replacement of chicken skin by chia flour; Chia+CaCl2 – 75% replacement of NaCl by CaCl2 and 50% substitution of chicken skin by chia flour. The protein content increased with the incorporation of chia flour. Treatments CaCl2 and Chia+CaCl2 presented reduced sodium content. Chicken nuggets containing chia flour showed an increase of α-linolenic acid and can be labelled as “high omega-3 content”. Formulations Chia and Chia+CaCl2 presented lower sensory acceptance among the four formulations, but about 50% of consumers still considered them acceptable. Thus, the Chia+CaCl2 formulation could be recommended to consumers seeking healthier meat products, due to its high omega-3 and reduced sodium content.
Antifungal activity of essential oils on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum and Bortytis cinerea
Authors: Palfi Marina , Konjevoda Paško , Vrandečić Karolina
Published: April 2020

In vitro study of the effect of different volumes of twelve essential oils on the mycelial growth of economically significant phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea) and it was compared to the effect of a fungicide. The antifungal activity of essential oils is decreased with the duration of incubation and it differs depending on the type of phytopathogenic fungus and the applied volume. The most effective antifungal effect on both tested fungi was in the essential oil of thyme, with lowest values of IC50 while the weakest effect was in essential oils of eucalyptus and lemon, with the highest values of IC50. Certain essential oils, when applied in certain volumes, had the same or even better effect on the inhibition of the growth of mycelium when compared to the tested fungicides.
Characteristics of Azotobacter sp. strain AC11 and their effects on the growth of tomato seedlings under salt stress
Authors: Ge Honglian
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the potential of Azotobacter sp. strain AC11 in promoting growth and enhancing resistance to salinity stress in tomato seedlings. In this study, we measured the ability of strain AC11 to fix nitrogen and solubilize phosphorus and potassium, as well as its production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate whether strain AC11 promoted tomato seedlings’ growth and enhanced their salt resistance. The results showed that strain AC11 produced IAA and siderophores, fixed nitrogen, and solubilized potassium and phosphorus. In pot trials, strain AC11 increased the shoot height, root length, and dry and fresh weights of tomato seedlings, and also increased their chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar content. Furthermore, the bacteria induced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC: 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC: 1.11.1.7), and catalase (CAT; EC: 1.11.1.6), while it reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and rate of O2- generation in tomato seedlings under salt stress. In summary, Azotobacter sp. strain AC11 promoted the growth of tomato seedlings and induced resistance to salt stress by producing IAA and siderophores, promoting the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and increasing the content of osmotic adjustment substances as well as enhancing the availability of the macronutrients N, P, K, and Fe3+ in the soil.
Food supplements from a Grasshopper: A developmental stage-wise evaluation of amino acid profile, protein and vitamins in Brachystola magna (Girard)
Authors: Zamudio-Flores P.B. , -Gonzaléz M. Hernández , Cano V.G. García-
Published: April 2020

Insects can be used as an easily accessible food supplement; however, for nutritional purposes it is necessary to consider its protein content, amino acids composition and vitamin content. In this study a nutritional characterization (protein content, amino acid profile and hydrosoluble and liposoluble vitamins) was performed to the Brachystola magna (Girard) grasshopper in four stages of its biological cycle (egg, nymph 3, nymph 4 and adult). In the adult stage the highest values of protein content (> 59%) were observed compared with the other stages of development. At all stages of B. magna the presence of 9 out of the 10 essential amino acids were detected (just tryptophan amino acid was absent). Significant increases in the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) were observed as the stage of development of B. magna increased, with the increase of vitamin E of ≈ 662% in the adult stage; however, the water-soluble vitamins of the B complex remained constant at all stages, but vitamin C, which increased significantly in the adult stage of this insect cycle. Results suggest that Brachystola magna (Girard) could be a potential source of consumption for people with specific health needs.
Apresentação
Authors: Oliveira (Diretor) Waldir Freitas
Published: April 2020

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Legbá e a dinâmica do panteão Vodun no Daomé
Authors: Aguessy Honorat
Published: April 2020

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Denominações para os muçulmanos no Sudão Ocidental e no Brasil
Authors: Reichert Rolf
Published: April 2020

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O Japão e os fatos - O desafio japonês - Hakan Hedberg - Divindades africanas - A Rebelião Malê de 1835
Authors: Hedberg Hakan
Published: April 2020

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O conceito de "Nação? nos candomblés da Bahia
Authors: Lima Vivaldo Da Costa
Published: April 2020

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Jean-Baptiste Douville, naturaliste calomnié ou imposteur démasqué
Authors: Verger Pierre
Published: April 2020

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Correntes regionais e nacionais na música do candomblé baiano
Authors: Béhague Gerard
Published: April 2020

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A Lei do Ventre-Livre
Authors: Carneiro Édison
Published: April 2020

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Considerações concernentes a formação dos estados Hauças
Authors: Smith Abdullahy
Published: April 2020

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Religiosidade do índio brasileiro no candomblé da Bahia: influências africana e européia
Authors: Ribeiro Carmem
Published: April 2020

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Resistência escrava na Bahia: ?Poderemos brincar folgar e cantar. . .? o protesto escravo na América
Authors: Reis João José
Published: April 2020

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Escravismo, colonialismo, imperialismo e racismo
Authors: Moura Clóvis
Published: April 2020

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Reflexos da cultura iorubá na arte e nos artistas brasileiros
Authors: Da Silva Antonio Vieira
Published: April 2020

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Recôncavo rebelde: revoltas escravas nos engenhos baianos
Authors: Reis João José
Published: April 2020

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Agostinho da Silva: pressupostos, concepção e ação de uma política externa do Brasil com relação a África
Authors: Agostinho Pedro
Published: April 2020

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Terras de uso comum: oralidade e escrita em confronto
Authors: De Gusmão Neusa Maria Mendes
Published: April 2020

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Repensando a questão da territorialidade negra
Authors: Valente Ana Lúcia E.F.
Published: April 2020

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As ganhadeiras: mulher e resistência negra em Salvador no século XIX
Authors: Soares Cecília Moreira
Published: April 2020

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Luis Gama e a consciência negra na literatura brasileira
Authors: Martins Heitor
Published: April 2020

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Dança do Quilombo: os significados de uma tradição
Authors: Reis Demian Moreira
Published: April 2020

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Sandra Lauderdale Graham. Proteção e obediência: criadas e seus patrões no Rio de Janeiro, 1860-1910. Tradução de Viviana Bosi. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 1992.237 p
Authors: Reis João José
Published: April 2020

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Arno Vogel, Marco Antonio da S. Mello e José Flávio P. de Barros. A galinha-d'Angola: iniciação e identidade na cultura afro-brasileira. Rio de Janeiro, Pallas/FLACSO; Niterói, EDUFF, 1993. 204p
Authors: Telles Jocélio
Published: April 2020

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Santos, deuses e heróis nas ruas da Bahia: identidade cultural na Primeira República
Authors: De Albuquerque Wlamyra R.
Published: April 2020

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A arte dos povos sem história
Authors: Price Sally
Published: April 2020

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A imagem da África na poesia afro-brasileira contemporânea
Authors: Augel Moema Parente
Published: April 2020

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No olho do furacão: brutalidade policial, preconceito racial e controle da violência em Salvador
Authors: Machado Eduardo Paes , Cardoso Fatima , Noronha Ceci Vilar
Published: April 2020

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O crioulo da Guiné-Bissau
Authors: Augel Johannes
Published: April 2020

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A reforma de Ibn Yasín : discussão sugerida pelo Kitáb Al-Bayan
Authors: Farias Paulo Fernando de Moraes
Published: April 2020

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O sânscrito e as tribos e línguas pré-arianas
Authors: Burrow Dr. Thomas
Published: April 2020

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Os documentos Árabes do Arquivo Do Do Estado da Bahia - Editados, transcritos, traduzidos e comentados por Rolf Reichert
Authors: Reichert Rolf , Abdelnhani (colaborador) Ahmed-Bioud
Published: April 2020

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Até a véspera: o trabalho escravo e a produção de açúcar nos engenhos do Recôncavo Baiano (1850-1881)
Authors: Barickman B. J.
Published: April 2020

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Desafricanizar as ruas: elites letradas, mulheres pobres e cultura popular em Salvador 1890- 1937
Authors: Filho Alberto Heráclito Ferreira
Published: April 2020

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Espaço, poder e relações raciais: o caso do Centro Histórico de Salvador
Authors: Pinho Osmundo De Araujo
Published: April 2020

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Pierre Fatumbi Verger e sua obra
Authors: Lühning Angela
Published: April 2020

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Pesquisas etnológicas na Bahia
Authors: Herskovits Melville J.
Published: April 2020

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Os documentos Árabes do Arquivo Público do Estado da Bahia 2ª Série: Orações Islâmicas (Não-Corânicas) - Editados, transcritos, traduzidos e comentados por Rolf Refchert.
Authors: Reichert Rolf
Published: April 2020

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Os primeiros contactos entre portugueses e chineses
Authors: Gomes Luís Gonzaga
Published: April 2020

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Notas sobre o "Quartier Brésil" no Daomé
Authors: Braga Júlio Santana
Published: April 2020

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China: passado e presente
Authors: Dobson W.A.C.H.
Published: April 2020

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Uma guerra fratricida entre semitas
Authors: Avnery Uri
Published: April 2020

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A África negra e o movimento de solidariedade dos povos afro-asiáticos
Authors: Kimche David
Published: April 2020

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O LATIM COMO SISTEMA ADAPTATIVO COMPLEXO: UMA PERSPECTIVA SOBRE OS PROCESSOS DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DE UMA LÍNGUA CLÁSSICA
Authors: Faria Johnwill Costa
Published: April 2020

Este artigo, brevemente, faz menção aos usos do latim no passado, como herança cultural, mas também como língua escrita e falada, em recortes de tempo posteriores à Antiguidade Clássica, chegando à contemporaneidade. Nesse sentido, essa língua é tratada aqui na perspectiva de um sistema adaptativo complexo (LEFFA, 2016, entre outros). Assim, muito além do tradicional método gramática e tradução, Engelsing (2014), por exemplo, propõe uma concepção mais ampla de língua, agora com uma abordagem ativa nos seus processos de ensino e aprendizagem, envolvendo a participação do aprendiz em atividades de letramento relevantes, na intenção de transformar o estudante de latim, “de titubeante leitor de poucos autores, em ativo participante da comunidade que se estende por vários territórios do globo e abarca a produção de vinte séculos de história” (Engelsing, 2014).
ESTUDO LINGUÍSTICO DE RECIBOS DIRIGIDOS À JUNTA INTENDENCIAL DE SANTA MARIA/RS NO FINAL DO SÉCULO XIX
Authors: Keller Tatiana
Published: April 2020

Neste trabalho, apresentamos a edição semidiplomática de treze recibos dirigidos à Junta Intendencial da cidade de Santa Maria/RS no ano de 1890. Temos por objetivo observar as características da escrita da língua portuguesa nesses textos no que diz respeito à grafia das vogais (ocorrência de substituições, inserções e apagamentos) e das consoantes (presença de geminação e substituições). Tais características podem relacionar-se ao sistema ortográfico vigente no final do século XIX, mas também podem refletir a influência da língua oral sobre a escrita. Além disso, buscamos, neste estudo, descrever o contexto social em que estavam inseridos os redatores dos manuscritos.
O CURRÍCULO DO CURSO DE LETRAS/INGLÊS DA UNEB, CAMPUS VI, CONTEMPLA O NOVO ESTATUTO DA LÍNGUA INGLESA NO MUNDO? REFLEXÕES E PROPOSIÇÕES
Authors: Alves Polyanna Castro Rocha
Published: April 2020

Este artigo objetiva verificar quais são os caminhos que o currículo do curso de Letras/Inglês da UNEB, Campus VI, propõe em direção ao ensino de Língua Inglesa que considere a perspectiva do Inglês como Língua Franca e o desenvolvimento da competência intercultural dos professores em formação. Para tanto, procedemos a uma análise documental que incluiu o currículo do curso investigado e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos cursos de Letras. Também foram discutidos os dados obtidos do questionário aplicado aos professores formadores responsáveis pelos componentes de língua. As reflexões encontram respaldo nas contribuições de Kramsch (2004, 2013), Siqueira (2005, 2017), El Kadri (2010a, 2010b), Sifakis (2014), entre outros. Quanto aos resultados, foi possível constatar que há falha nos nexos entre o que consta na proposta curricular e o que é materializado para o trabalho em sala de aula.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Gayer Juliana Escalier Ludwig , Kupske Felipe Flores
Published: April 2020

É com muita satisfação que publicamos nosso primeiro volume como editores da Revista Estudos Linguísticos e Literários (ELL). Continuamos com a proposta dos antigos editores de manter a regularidade de suas publicações e a disponibilização online dos volumes. Além disso, pretendemos perpetuar a sua qualidade e buscar a melhoria de sua estratificação (Lista Qualis). Gostaríamos de registrar os nossos agradecimentos aos pareceristas deste número, aos autores e aos antigos editores da revista, Professor José Amarante e Professor Sávio Siqueira, pelo trabalho incansável e primoroso que fizeram até aqui e pelo auxílio na transição desta editoria e na publicação deste primeiro volume.
TEACHERS LEARNING ABOUT ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA ON FACEBOOK: INSIGHTS FROM A COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE
Authors: Calvo Luciana Cabrini Simões , El Kadri Michelle , Gimenez Telma
Published: April 2020

Communities of practice is a concept widely adopted by teacher educators affiliated with a practice-based education and situated learning. It provides a lens to examine how experienced and novice teachers engage in collaborative problem-solving and learn from each other in emergent interactions. Both face-to-face and virtual communities of professionals provide room for learning opportunities, with dynamic trajectories from more peripheral to more central forms of participation. According to this theoretical framework (LAVE; WENGER, 1991; WENGER, 1998; WENGER et al., 2002, 2011), teachers learn from engagement with others and build their understandings upon interactions focused on the practice of the community. ELF is a concept that is not yet reified among English language teachers in Brazil but is beginning to catch the attention of a wider group of professionals, since English is now compulsory in basic education and the national curriculum defines English as a lingua franca. In this paper we analyze interactions in a Facebook community of teachers (BrELT Brazil´s English Language Teachers) who, over a period of two months, discussed the meanings of ELF and how it was/could be contextualized in their classrooms. We looked into the various ways in which the sharing of information and experiences were displayed and the strategic resources employed to advance their learning on this theme. The BrELT group reconstructed their knowledge on ELF, interacting in democratic ways and showing how they care about their domain. Also, the group revealed to be a potential learning site, as they engaged in the activity and negotiated new meanings. Finally, the BrELT community illustrates how social media can play an important role in teacher development, as it can bring together professionals with different levels of expertise who are willing to share their experience.
Importance of protein Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation for bacterial pathogenesis
Authors: Bonne Køhler Julie , Jers Carsten , Senissar Mériem , Shi Lei , Derouiche Abderahmane , Mijakovic Ivan
Published: April 2020

Protein phosphorylation regulates a large variety of biological processes in all living cells. In pathogenic bacteria, the study of serine, threonine, and tyrosine (Ser/Thr/Tyr) phosphorylation has shed light on the course of infectious diseases, from adherence to host cells to pathogen virulence, replication, and persistence. Mass spectrometry (MS)‐based phosphoproteomics has provided global maps of Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphosites in bacterial pathogens. Despite recent developments, a quantitative and dynamic view of phosphorylation events that occur during bacterial pathogenesis is currently lacking. Temporal, spatial, and subpopulation resolution of phosphorylation data is required to identify key regulatory nodes underlying bacterial pathogenesis. Herein, we discuss how technological improvements in sample handling, MS instrumentation, data processing, and machine learning should improve bacterial phosphoproteomic datasets and the information extracted from them. Such information is expected to significantly extend the current knowledge of Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation in pathogenic bacteria and should ultimately contribute to the design of novel strategies to combat bacterial infections.
Epsin but not AP‐2 supports reconstitution of endocytic clathrin‐coated vesicles
Authors: Brod Jan , Hellwig Andrea , Wieland Felix T.
Published: April 2020

Formation of clathrin‐coated vesicles (CCVs) in receptor‐mediated endocytosis is a mechanistically well‐established process, in which clathrin, the adaptor protein complex AP‐2, and the large GTPase dynamin play crucial roles. In order to obtain more mechanistic insight into this process, here we established a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV)‐based in vitro CCV reconstitution system with chemically defined components and the full‐length recombinant proteins clathrin, AP‐2, epsin‐1, and dynamin‐2. Our results support the predominant model in which hydrolysis of GTP by dynamin is a prerequisite to generate CCVs. Strikingly, in this system at near physiological concentrations of reagents, epsin‐1 alone does not have the propensity for scission but is required for bud formation, whereas AP‐2 and clathrin are not sufficient. Thus, our study reveals that epsin‐1 is an important factor for the maturation of clathrin coated buds, a prerequisite for vesicle generation.
Association of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Pregnancy With School Performance of Offspring: A Danish Nationwide Register‐Based Study
Authors: Knudsen Signe S. , Simard Julia F. , Christensen Jakob , Laursen Thomas M. , Deleuran Bent W. , Bech Bodil H.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To examine the overall cognitive development of children exposed to maternal rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in utero by comparing their school test scores to those of their peers.

Methods

Children born in Denmark during 1995–2008 and listed in the National School Test Register were included (n = 738,862). Children exposed to maternal RA were identified through linkage of national registers. In separate analyses, exposure was subdivided according to maternal serostatus. Preclinical maternal RA was included as a separate exposure. The Danish national school tests are mandatory standardized tests. Results from all reading tests (grades 2, 4, 6, and 8) and mathematics tests (grades 3 and 6) from 2010–2017 were included. Test scores were compared according to maternal RA exposure for each test separately using linear regressions.

Results

We identified 934 children exposed to maternal RA in utero. There were no differences in reading test scores between maternal RA exposed and unexposed children. RA exposed children scored poorer in both mathematics tests (adjusted differences of mean score –0.14 SD (95% confidence interval [95% CI] –0.23, –0.06) and –0.16 SD (95% CI –0.26, –0.07). There was no appreciable difference between children by maternal RA serostatus. Children exposed to preclinical RA (n = 589) showed the same pattern of performance as children exposed to RA.

Conclusion

RA‐exposed children scored slightly poorer in mathematics tests but performed as well as their unexposed peers in the reading tests. The results do not suggest that RA in pregnancy has a major impact on offspring school performance.
Structural Characteristics Associated With Radiographic Severity of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Buldt Andrew K. , Munteanu Shannon E. , Allan Jamie J. , Tan Jade M. , Auhl Maria , Landorf Karl B. , Roddy Edward , Menz Hylton B.
Published: April 2020

Objective

To determine whether foot structure varies according to the presence and radiographic severity of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Weight‐bearing dorsiplantar and lateral radiographs were obtained for the symptomatic foot of 185 participants (105 women, ages 22–85 years) with clinically diagnosed first MTP joint OA. A validated atlas was used to classify participants as having radiographic first MTP joint OA and to stratify into 3 categories of severity (none/mild, moderate, severe). Bone length and width and angular measures of the forefoot and medial arch were performed on radiographs, and differences between categories were compared using univariate general linear models, adjusting for confounders.

Results

A total of 150 participants were categorized as having radiographic first MTP joint OA, and participants were further stratified into none/mild (n = 35), moderate (n = 69), or severe (n = 81) OA categories. Participants with radiographically defined first MTP joint OA displayed a greater hallux abductus interphalangeal angle. Greater radiographic severity of first MTP joint OA was associated with a larger hallux abductus interphalangeal angle, a wider first metatarsal and proximal phalanx, and a smaller intermetatarsal angle. No differences in medial arch measurements were observed between the categories.

Conclusion

First ray alignment and morphology differed according to the presence and severity of first MTP joint OA. Prospective studies are required to determine whether the observed differences are a cause or consequence of OA.
Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity and Radiographic Progression in Early Arthritis: Three‐Year Results From the ESPOIR Cohort
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo J. O. , Fautrel Bruno , Saraux Alain , Gaujoux‐Viala Cécile , Rat Anne‐Christine , Guillemin Francis , da Silva José A. P. , Dougados Maxime , Gossec Laure
Published: April 2020

Objective

To determine whether patient global assessment of disease activity (PtGA) over the first year of disease course, as part of a Boolean‐based definition of remission and considered individually, had a significant relationship with structural progression over 3 years in patients with early arthritis.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, observational study using ESPOIR (Étude et Suivi des Polyarthrites Indifférenciées Récentes) cohort data. Remission states were defined as 1) 4‐variable remission, which included a tender joint count in 28 joints, a swollen joint count in 28 joints (SJC28), a C‐reactive protein (CRP; mg/dl) level, and PtGA (scored 0–10, all scores of ≤1); 2) PtGA near remission, which included the same parameters as 4‐variable remission with only PtGA >1 (of a maximum possible score of 10); 3) 3‐variable remission (sum of the proportion of patients in 4‐variable remission and the proportion of patients in PtGA near remission); or 4) nonremission. The strictest status satisfied both at 6 and 12 months was considered. Radiographic progression was determined as a change of ≥5 points in the total Sharp/van der Heijde score (ΔSHS) from baseline to 3 years. The predictive capacities for radiographic damage of different remission definitions were assessed by odds ratio (OR). The association between each individual component of remission with ΔSHS was tested through multivariate linear regression analyses.

Results

Among 520 patients, 7% achieved 4‐variable remission and 12% achieved PtGA near remission. Radiographic progression was observed in 29% of patients who achieved 4‐variable remission (OR versus nonremission; OR 0.32 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.15, 0.68]) and in 45% of patients with PtGA near remission (OR 0.65 [95% CI 0.38, 1.11]); the comparison was not statistically different (OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.20, 1.18]). In 3‐variable remission, radiographic progression was observed in 39%. Of the individual components, only the SJC28 and CRP level were associated with radiographic progression.

Conclusion

All definitions of remission led to low structural degradation in early arthritis, and 4‐variable remission led to less radiographic progression than PtGA near remission, but without a statistically significant difference. Both 4‐variable remission and 3‐variable remission appear to be useful targets when aiming for structural nonprogression.
Multifunctional Flexible Biointerfaces for Simultaneous Colocalized Optophysiology and Electrophysiology
Authors: Obaid Sofian N. , Yin Rose T. , Tian Jinbi , Chen Zhiyuan , Chen Sheena W. , Lee K. Benjamin , Boyajian Nicolas , Miniovich Alana N. , Efimov Igor R. , Lu Luyao
Published: April 2020

Recent developments in optophysiology techniques such as optogenetics have revolutionized the ability to actuate cell activity. Further combining optophysiology and electrophysiology will integrate the advantages from both optical and electrical modalities and yield enabling technologies that allow simultaneous monitoring of cellular activity in response to modulation, which are crucial for biomedical applications. However, multifunctional devices that can deliver optical stimuli to regions beneath the electrodes and perform simultaneous sensing remain largely unexplored. Existing transparent microelectrode technologies depend on external bulk optical instruments for optical interventions. Here, innovative monolithic integrated multifunctional microsystems are demonstrated by applying transparent nanogrid electrodes onto microscale light sources to permit simultaneous electrophysiology and optical modulation at the same anatomical site. The nanogrid electrodes have transmittances > 70% with a low normalized impedance of 5.9 Ω cm2. Additional features of the devices include superior mechanical flexibility, minimized light‐induced electrical artifacts, and excellent biocompatibility. Ex vivo experiments demonstrate that the multifunctional devices can record abnormal heart rhythm in transgenic mouse hearts and simultaneously restore the sinus rhythm via optogenetic pacing. This work provides a versatile approach for constructing multifunctional colocalized biointerfaces containing crosstalk‐free optical and electrical modalities with expanded opportunities in both fundamental and applied biomedical research.
Genetically Programmed Regioselective Immobilization of Enzymes in Biosilica Microparticles
Authors: Kumari Ekta , Görlich Stefan , Poulsen Nicole , Kröger Nils
Published: April 2020

Diatoms are single‐celled microalgae that produce a large variety of hierarchically porous, silica‐based microparticles as cell wall material. The presence of genetically encoded silica nanopatterns endows the biosilica with favorable properties for a wide range of applications including catalysis, chemical sensing, photonics, and drug delivery. Enhancing the performance of diatom biosilica requires i) a better understanding of the structure–property relationship in this material, and ii) methods that enable the manipulation of the biosilica structure and properties in a targeted manner. Here, genetic engineering of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana is employed to immobilize enzymes (glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase) into structurally distinct regions of the biosilica, which are termed valves and girdle bands. Remarkably, glucose oxidase in girdle bands exhibits >3‐fold higher catalytic activities compared to its location in valves. It is demonstrated through enzyme accessibility studies, protein engineering, and genetic engineering of biosilica morphology that the divergent enzyme activities are caused by the differences in the inherent silica nanopatterns of valves and girdle bands. This work highlights the importance of silica nanoscale architecture for the activity of immobilized enzymes and provides unprecedented tools for the biotechnological production of silica microparticles with tailored catalytic activities and anisotropic functionalities.
X‐Ray‐Induced Persistent Luminescence Promotes Ultrasensitive Imaging and Effective Inhibition of Orthotopic Hepatic Tumors
Authors: Shi Tianhang , Sun Wenjing , Qin Ruixue , Li Dongsheng , Feng Yushuo , Chen Lei , Liu Gang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Chen Hongmin
Published: April 2020

Persistent luminescence imaging is accompanied by continuous illumination after the removal of excitation light, which can successfully prevent the generation of autofluorescence. In this study, a mesoporous silica template method is used to prepare uniform and monodisperse porous nanophosphors that can generate X‐ray‐excited persistent luminescence (XEPL). By loading photosensitizers, XEPL effectively excites the photosensitizers to produce reactive oxygen species for killing cancer cells. Imaging of orthotopic hepatic tumors in vivo shows that nanophosphors accumulate in the liver tumors through a passive targeting mechanism, as confirmed by the co‐imaging of bioluminescence and X‐ray‐excited luminescence. Under image‐guidance, X‐ray‐induced photodynamic therapy effectively inhibits the growth of orthotopic hepatic tumors with negligible side effects. Overall, X‐ray‐induced persistent luminescence promotes ultrasensitive imaging and effective inhibition of orthotopic hepatic tumors.
Giant‐Enhanced SnS2 Photodetectors with Broadband Response through Oxygen Plasma Treatment
Authors: Yu Jing , Suleiman Abdulsalam Aji , Zheng Zhi , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou
Published: April 2020

Layered tin disulfide (SnS2) is a vital semiconductor with versatile functionality due to its high carrier mobility and excellent photoresponsivity. However, the intrinsic defects Vs (sulfur vacancies), which cause Fermi level pinning (significant metal contact resistance), hinder its electrical and optoelectrical performance. Herein, oxygen plasma treatment is employed to enhance the optoelectronic performance of SnS2 flakes, which results in artificial sub‐bandgap in SnS2. Consequently, the broadband photosensing (300–750 nm) is remarkably improved. Specifically, under 350 nm illumination, the O2‐plasma‐treated SnS2 photodetector exhibits an enhanced photoresponsivity from 385 to 860 A W−1, the external quantum efficiency and the detectivity improve by one order of magnitude as well as increase the photoswitching response improvement by two orders of magnitude for both rising (τr) and decay (τd) time. This artificial sub‐bandgap can both improve the photoresponse and broaden the response spectra, which paves a new path for the applications of optoelectronics.
Smart Material Hydrogel Transfer Devices Fabricated with Stimuli‐Responsive Silk‐Elastin‐Like Proteins
Authors: Parker Rachael N. , Cairns Dana M. , Wu Wenyao A. , Jordan Kathryn , Guo Chengchen , Huang Wenwen , Martin‐Moldes Zaira , Kaplan David L.
Published: April 2020

Three‐dimensional organoid tissue culture models are a promising approach for the study of biological processes including diseases. Advances in these tissue culture technologies improve in vitro analysis compared to standard 2D cellular approaches and are more representative of the physiological environment. However, a major challenge associated with organoid systems stems from the laborious processing involved in the analysis of large numbers of organoids. Here the design, characterization, and application of silk‐elastin‐like protein‐based smart carrier arrays for processing organoids is presented. Fabrication of hydrogel‐based carrier systems at room temperature result in organized arrays of organoids that maintain tissue culture plate orientation and could be processed simultaneously for histology. The system works by transfer of the organoids to the hydrogel arrays after which the material is subjected to 65 °C to induce hydrogel contraction to secure the organoids, resulting in multisample constructs and allowing for placement on a microscope slide. Histological processing and immunostaining of these arrayed cerebral organoids analyzed within the contracted silk‐elastin‐like proteins (SELP) show retention of native organoid features compared to controls without the hydrogel carrier system, thus avoiding any artifacts. These SELP carriers present a useful approach for improving efficiency of scaled organoid screening and processing.