bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical, Isotherm, and Material Strength Studies of Cucumeropsis mannii Shell Extract on A515 Grade 70 Carbon Steel in NaCl Solution
Authors: Popoola Lekan Taofeek , Yusuff Adeyinka Sikiru , Ikumapayi Omolayo Michael , Chima Onyemaechi Melford , Ogunyemi Adebayo Tajudeen , Obende Babatunde Adegoke
Published: July 2022

In this study, corrosion inhibition efficiency of Cucumeropsis mannii shell extract (CMSE) was tested on A515 Grade 70 carbon steel in 1.0 M NaCl solution. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and weight loss (WL) measurements were used to investigate the inhibition efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic adsorption spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize the carbon steel and extract. PDP and EIS measurements revealed maximum inhibition efficiency of 91.2% and 92.2%, respectively. Tafel plot confirmed inhibitor to be a mixed type. A monolayer adsorption of CMSE molecules occurred spontaneously by physisorption. Polarization resistance increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. WL measurement revealed decrease in corrosion rate with increasing concentration of corrosion inhibitor. Maximum Young modulus and hardness of 202.4 GPa and 112.3 BHN, respectively, were recorded for the carbon steel at a minimum corrosion rate and load. Pitting and uniform corrosion were formed on the carbon steel in the absence of CMSE. CMSE contains –OH, –OCH3, and –C-NH3 as active functional groups. In conclusion, Cucumeropsis mannii shell extract acted excellently as corrosion inhibitor for A515 Grade 70 carbon steel in 1.0 M NaCl.
Design of Polymer-Based Trigate Nanoscale FinFET for the Implementation of Two-Stage Operational Amplifier
Authors: Suman Jami Venkata , Cheepurupalli Kusma Kumari , Allasi Haiter Lenin
Published: July 2022

The major motivation behind transistor scaling is the requirement for high-speed transistors with lower fabrication costs. When the fin thickness or breadth is smaller than 10 nm in a trigate FET, charges travel in a nonconfined fashion, resulting in the creation of energy subbands and causing volume inversion. In comparison to the carrier near a surface inversion layer, volume inversion experiences less interface scattering. In large-scale integrations, we have focused on developing a 3D model for surface potential by establishing the three-dimensional Poison’s equation and building a unique fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) structure. In this context, there is a growing interest in developing a low-cost, simple solution that combines plastic (polymer) as a substrate and organic materials to create electronics such as monitors and sensors. The research examines characteristics such as silicon width, oxide thickness, doping concentration, metal work-function about gate, and various surface potentials. For different circuit configurations, it also examines the DC and AC characteristics of the FinFET structure. A differential amplifier is built for RF application based on the device specifications. This work is aimed at improving the semiconductor design structure by adjusting device parameters, analyzing the results, establishing the best FinFET device preferences, and selecting an application for the optimized device. The 3D Poisson’s equation may be used to create an analytical model of a trigate nanosize FinFET, which can then be tested using a TCAD simulator. By constructing such a FinFET, we can structure and analyze various electrostatic parameters. To facilitate the creation of FinFET-based circuits, including product development, a novel transistor needs a creative device basis. The infrastructure’s support denotes a computationally advantageous numerical model that accurately depicts a FinFET. The work presents a compact model for semiconductor manufacturing that permits separate IC productions while achieving higher levels of excellence and using less power. The design outperforms the CMOS by 22.7% in gain, 31.48% in power consumption, and 12.72% in CMRR, while operating at a 5 GHz unity gain frequency.
A Three-Step Reliability Strategy Applied to Police-Worn Body Camera Footage
Authors: Kroner Daryl G. , Schafer Joseph A.
Published: July 2022

Strong inferences are drawn from police-worn body camera (BWC) footage, frequently without an assessment of reliability. Unique characteristics of BWC footage (i.e., capturing trends and less frequent behavior, a focal actor (officer) is absent) suggest a specific reliability strategy. A three-step strategy of selecting appropriate reliability indexes, providing salient reliability categories, and ranking the reliability categories was applied to BWC footage. Five interrater agreement (

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A Critical Evaluation of Procedural Content Generation Approaches for Digital Twins
Authors: Latif Abdul , Zuhairi Megat F. , Khan Fazal Qudus , Randhawa Princy , Patel Akshet
Published: July 2022

Procedural content generation (PCG) of terrains is one of the main building blocks for creating an automated and real-time virtual world. This study provides and in-depth review of the different tools, algorithms, and engines used for the PCG of terrains for the PCG of digital worlds; we focus especially on terrain generation but address also the main issues related to build structures and characters. It is important to know that the PCG of terrains can be implemented in a multidisciplinary scenario, for instance, modeling of games, simulating industrial maps, urban and rural planning of developments, government, and nongovernmental agency improvement plans. Many problems in current approaches were identified from the literature, where most of the researches studied were merely throwaway prototyping based, i.e., proof of concept-based systems, and were not tested in the real environment. Also, genetic algorithm-based PCG of terrains lack multiple features such as roads and buildings. The virtual cities generated through different engines were lacking a realistic look and feel. Terrain generation through multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) is investigated, and it is deemed the usage was restricted to the gaming domain and not extended to other fields. Findings suggest that the correctness of generated terrain is a big issue in the automatic generation of terrains. Thus, a focus on the automated correctness check is required. Other important content generation in video games such as structure generation and character generation has been extensively studied, and the techniques are analysed in the further sections of this research work.
[Retracted] LINC00707 Promotes Cell Proliferation in Cervical Cancer via the miR‐374c‐5p/SDC4 Axis
Authors: Fang Fang , Guo Chunfeng , Zheng Weinan , Li Qingyang
Published: July 2022

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second main reason of cancer‐related deaths in women around the world. Long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 707, which is known as LINC00707, has been elucidated to facilitate the progression of multifarious tumors, but how it may exert functions in CC has not been elucidated yet. By using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (RT‐qPCR), we identified the expression pattern LINC00707 may possess in CC. Loss‐of‐function assays including Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), colony formation, and transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assays were taken to verify the effects of LINC00707 inhibition on CC cell proliferation and apoptosis. The downstream RNAs were selected through bioinformatics prediction, and their interaction with LINC00707 was verified through mechanism assays including the luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull‐down assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. According to results, LINC00707 was upregulated in CC cells, and LINC00707 insufficiency inhibited cell proliferation while facilitating cell apoptosis. MicroRNA (miRNA) miR‐374c‐5p interacted with LINC00707, and syndecan‐4 (SDC4) was verified to be the downstream target gene. Data of rescue assays proved that LINC00707 could promote CC cell malignancy via the miR‐374c‐5p/SDC4 axis, which revealed a potential treatment option for CC.
Landscape Fusion Method Based on Augmented Reality and Multiview Reconstruction
Authors: Song Genlong , Li Yi , Zhang Lu-Ming
Published: July 2022

This paper proposes a fused landscape augmented reality method based on 3D model multiview reconstruction. Based on the principles related to augmented reality technology, the proposed method uses natural features of images for training and extraction, which solves the problems of convenience and aesthetics caused by artificial signs. By extracting and training natural features at different scales of the acquired images, Harris and FREAK algorithms are used to extract features and create binary descriptors for real-time acquired images. Feature matching is performed on the above two features to estimate the location where the reconstructed model will appear. At the same time, for the difficulties of 3D model reconstruction requiring relevant expertise and the defects of poor reconstruction effect, the SFM algorithm is used for multiview reconstruction of landscape models to realize the augmented reality fusion method of natural scenes and landscape models. After the experiments, the fusion achieved by this method works well, which proves that the method is feasible and has potential.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Preclinical Models of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Shandil Radha Krishan , Dhup Saumya , Narayanan Shridhar
Published: July 2022

Autoimmune diseases, chronic in nature, are generally hard to alleviate. Present long-term treatments with available drugs such as steroids, immune-suppressive drugs, or antibodies have several debilitating side effects. Therefore, new treatment options are urgently needed. Stem cells, in general, have the potential to reduce immune-mediated damage through immunomodulation and T cell regulation (T regs) by inhibiting the proliferation of dendritic cells and T and B cells and reducing inflammation through the generation of immunosuppressive biomolecules like interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), nitric oxide (NO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Many stem cell-based therapeutics have been evaluated in the clinic, but the overall clinical outcomes in terms of efficacy and the longevity of therapeutic benefits seem to be variable and inconsistent with the postulated benefits. This emphasizes a greater need for building robust preclinical models and models that can better predict the clinical translation of stem cell-based therapeutics. Stem cell therapy based on MSCs having the definitive potential to regulate the immune system and control inflammation is emerging as a promising tool for the treatment of autoimmune disorders while promoting tissue regeneration. MSCs, derived from bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, have been shown to be highly immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory and shown to enhance tissue repair and regeneration in preclinical models as well as in clinical settings. In this article, a review on the status of MSC-based preclinical disease models with emphasis on understanding disease mechanisms in chronic inflammatory disorders caused by exaggerated host immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was carried out. We also emphasized various factors that better predict the translation of stem cell therapeutic outcomes from preclinical disease models to human patients.
Human Neutrophil Defensins Disrupt Liver Interendothelial Junctions and Aggravate Sepsis
Authors: Chen QiXing , Yang Yang , Pan YiHang , Shen LiHua , Zhang Yan , Zheng Fei , Shu Qiang , Fang XiangMing
Published: July 2022

Human neutrophil peptides 1-3 (HNP1-3), also known as human α-defensins, are the most abundant neutrophil granule proteins. The genes that encode HNP1-3, DEFA1/DEFA3, exhibit extensive copy number variations, which correlate well with their protein levels. Human and mouse studies have shown that increased copy numbers of DEFA1/DEFA3 worsen sepsis outcomes. Additionally, high concentrations of HNP1-3 in body fluids have been reported in patients with sepsis. However, direct evidence for the pathogenic role of HNP1-3 proteins during sepsis progression is lacking. In current study, sepsis was induced by means of cecal puncture and ligation. Various doses of HNP-1 (low dose with 0.5 mg/kg body weight and high dose with 10 mg/kg body weight) or phosphate buffer saline were intraperitoneally administered to mice at six hours after sepsis onset. Survival rate was monitored, and vascular permeability, endothelial cell pyroptosis, and immunofluorescence of endothelial adherens junction protein vascular endothelial-cadherin were evaluated. The administration of a high dose of HNP-1 after sepsis onset led to increased mortality, more severe liver injury, and increased vascular permeability in the liver and mesentery. The injection of high dose of HNP-1 did not directly induce liver endothelial cell death but destroyed interendothelial junctions in the liver. Moreover, genetic deficiency of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein-3 or caspase-1 abrogated the high mortality and disrupted liver interendothelial junctions caused by high dose of HNP-1 during sepsis. This study directly demonstrates that neutrophil defensins play a key role in regulating endothelial stability during sepsis development.
[Retracted] Application of CTU‐Assisted Doppler Ultrasound Puncture in Nontube Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, Its Effect on Patients’ Complications, and Its Clinical Value
Authors: Xu Zhenguo , Liu Kun , Lv Jia , Zhang Yuelong
Published: July 2022

Objective. To research the application of CTU‐assisted Doppler ultrasound puncture in uncatheterized PCNL, its influence on patients’ complications, and its clinical value in a case‐control study. Methods. One hundred and forty‐four patients who went through percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) from March 2019 to June 2021 in our hospital were arbitrarily assigned into the CTU group (n = 72) and CT plain scan group (n = 72). CTA+CTU was adopted to determine the puncture passage in the CTU group, and CT scan was employed in the CT group. The intraoperative blood loss, postoperative blood loss, operation time, hospital stay, primary stone removal rate, and the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared. The visual analogue score (VAS) was employed to assess the degree of postoperative wound pain. Results. The first‐stage stone removal rate in the CTU group was 95.83% (69/72), which was remarkably higher compared to the CT plain scan group, which was 81.94% (59/72), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The overall rates of intraoperative complications were 6.94% (5/72) in the CTU group and 18.06% (13/72) in the CT plain scan group, respectively, which exhibited great differences (P < 0.05). In addition, the overall rates of intraoperative complications were 2.78% (2/72) in the CTU and 13.89% (10/72) in the CT plain scan group, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The operation time and postoperative hospital stays in the CTU group were remarkably shorter compared to the CT group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The intraoperative and postoperative blood loss of CTU group displayed obvious less than that of the CT group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The VAS were compared 24 hours after surgery. After operation, the VAS of 24 hours after operation in the CTU group (0.92 ± 0.12) were remarkably lower compared to the CT group (1.22 ± 0.15), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Discussion. PCNL is constantly being optimized by CTU‐assisted Doppler ultrasound puncture to improve stone clearance rates, reduce postoperative bleeding, be less painful, provide rapid recovery, and provide safe and feasible results. It is therefore worthwhile to standardize and then widely promote it in clinical practice.
[Retracted] Meta‐Analysis on the Effects of Electric Acupuncture on Neural Functional Recovery and Related Pathways of Rats after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Lai Zengjiao , Liu Huihui , Liu Guobin
Published: July 2022

Background. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a type of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) caused by various factors. The secondary injury of SCI is more complicated. Studies have found that electroacupuncture can help the recovery of nerve function during spinal cord injury. Therefore, this study explored the efficacy of electroacupuncture on complications after spinal cord injury through meta‐analysis. Methods. Relevant literatures published from January 2010 to March 2022 were searched with “Electric acupuncture, Spinal cord injury, Neural functional recovery, Spinal cord injury in rats, Neuronal Signaling” as search words. The risk of bias of included references was analyzed and assessed using RevMan 5.3 software and Stata software. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Q‐test and heterogeneity (I2). Results. There was no heterogeneity among the study groups. The comparison on the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and conventional therapy suggested that electroacupuncture was more effective for nerve recovery after spinal cord injury than conventional therapy. It can better improve the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury in rats. On the other hand, SCI+EA had a good inhibitory effect on the expression of RhoA protein signal in rats and had a positive effect on the signal pathway. Discussion. The results of meta‐analysis confirmed that electroacupuncture was more effective than conventional therapy in inhibiting pathways.
An Intrusion Detection System for the Internet of Things Based on the Ensemble of Unsupervised Techniques
Authors: Wang Yao , Sun Guozi , Cao Xiaochun , Yang Jiale
Published: July 2022

Recently, machine learning techniques, especially supervised learning techniques, have been adopted in the Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Due to the limit of supervised learning, most state-of-the-art IDSs do not perform well on unknown attacks and incur high computational overhead in the Internet of Things (IoT). To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel IDS based on unsupervised techniques, namely, UTEN-IDS. UTEN-IDS uses the ensemble of autoencoders to handle the network data and performs the anomaly detection by an Isolation Forest algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using two benchmark datasets. The results show that our approach has significant advantages in classification performance and proves its utility in the IoT network when compared to other approaches.
Survey of Graph Neural Networks and Applications
Authors: Liang Fan , Qian Cheng , Yu Wei , Griffith David , Golmie Nada
Published: July 2022

The advance of deep learning has shown great potential in applications (speech, image, and video classification). In these applications, deep learning models are trained by datasets in Euclidean space with fixed dimensions and sequences. Nonetheless, the rapidly increasing demands on analyzing datasets in non-Euclidean space require additional research. Generally speaking, finding the relationships of elements in datasets and representing such relationships as weighted graphs consisting of vertices and edges is a viable way of analyzing datasets in non-Euclidean space. However, analyzing the weighted graph-based dataset is a challenging problem in existing deep learning models. To address this issue, graph neural networks (GNNs) leverage spectral and spatial strategies to extend and implement convolution operations in non-Euclidean space. Based on graph theory, a number of enhanced GNNs are proposed to deal with non-Euclidean datasets. In this study, we first review the artificial neural networks and GNNs. We then present ways to extend deep learning models to deal with datasets in non-Euclidean space and introduce the GNN-based approaches based on spectral and spatial strategies. Furthermore, we discuss some typical Internet of Things (IoT) applications that employ spectral and spatial convolution strategies, followed by the limitations of GNNs in the current stage.
Chrysophanol Ameliorates Hemin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Regulating MicroRNA-320-5p/Wnt3a Pathway in HT22 Cells
Authors: Zhao Xu , Qiao Dongge , Guan Dongsheng , Wang Kun , Cui Yinglin
Published: July 2022

Oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and neuronal cell apoptosis have been considered as the main pathogenesis factors of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Chrysophanol (CHR) has been proved to have neuroprotective effects, but the role and underlying mechanisms of CHR in ICH remain unclear. HT22 cells were dealt with hemin to mimic an in vitro ICH model and then subjected to treatment with or without CHR. The cell viability, apoptosis, ER stress, and oxidative stress were evaluated by conducting the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining assays, western blot, and corresponding kit, respectively. Further, microRNA-sequencing, bioinformatic analysis, dual-luciferase reporter method, and rescue experiments were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of CHR alleviating hemin-induced ER in HT22 cell. Our data revealed that CHR increased cells viability, antiapoptosis, anti-ER stress, and antioxidative stress under conditions of hemin-induced HT22 cell injury. Mechanically, it was observed that Wnt3a was competitively sponged by miR-320-5p, and CHR activated β-catenin pathway by regulating miR-320-5p/Wnt3a molecular axis. Finally, results from the rescue experiment suggested that CHR inhibited hemin-induced cells apoptosis, ER stress, and oxidative stress through regulating the miR-320-5p/Wnt3a axis in HT22 cells. In conclusion, CHR prevented hemin-induced apoptosis, ER stress, and oxidative stress via inhibiting the miR-320-5p/Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in HT22 cells. Our results certified that CHR could be served as a promising treatment for brain damage following ICH.
Boosting Antitumor Immunity with an Expanded Neoepitope Landscape
Authors: Nagel Remco , Pataskar Abhijeet , Champagne Julien , Agami Reuven
Published: July 2022

Immune-checkpoint blockade therapy has been successfully applied to many cancers, particularly tumors that harbor a high mutational burden and consequently express a high abundance of neoantigens. However, novel approaches are needed to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for treating tumors that lack a high load of classic genetically derived neoantigens. Recent discoveries of broad classes of nongenetically encoded and inducible neoepitopes open up new avenues for therapeutic development to enhance sensitivity to immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss recent work on neoantigen discovery, with an emphasis on novel classes of noncanonical neoepitopes.
Modulation of BCL-2 in Both T Cells and Tumor Cells to Enhance Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Immunotherapy against Cancer
Authors: Lee Yong Gu , Guruprasad Puneeth , Ghilardi Guido , Pajarillo Raymone , Sauter Christopher Tor , Patel Ruchi , Ballard Hatcher J. , Hong Seok Jae , Chun Inkook , Yang Nicholas , Amelsberg Kimberly V. , Cummins Katherine D. , Svoboda Jakub , Gill Saar , Chong Elise A. , North Khrystyna , Church Sarah E. , Fraietta Joseph A. , Chang Wan-Jung , Lacey Simon F. , Lu Xueqing Maggie , Zhang Yunlin , Whig Kanupriya , Schultz David C. , Cherry Sara , Gerson James , Schuster Stephen J. , Porazzi Patrizia , Ruella Marco
Published: July 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) immunotherapy led to unprecedented responses in patients with refractory/relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); nevertheless, two thirds of patients experience treatment failure. Resistance to apoptosis is a key feature of cancer cells, and it is associated with treatment failure. In 87 patients with NHL treated with anti-CD19 CART, we found that chromosomal alteration of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), a critical antiapoptotic regulator, in lymphoma cells was associated with reduced survival. Therefore, we combined CART19 with the FDA-approved BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax and demonstrated in vivo synergy in venetoclax-sensitive NHL. However, higher venetoclax doses needed for venetoclax-resistant lymphomas resulted in CART toxicity. To overcome this limitation, we developed venetoclax-resistant CART by overexpressing mutated BCL-2(F104L), which is not recognized by venetoclax. Notably, BCL-2(F104L)-CART19 synergized with venetoclax in multiple lymphoma xenograft models. Furthermore, we uncovered that BCL-2 overexpression in T cells intrinsically enhanced CART antitumor activity in preclinical models and in patients by prolonging CART persistence.

Significance:

This study highlights the role of BCL-2 in resistance to CART immunotherapy for cancer and introduces a novel concept for combination therapies—the engineering of CART cells to make them resistant to proapoptotic small molecules, thereby enhancing the therapeutic index of these combination therapies.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221
The Role of Early Sequential Biopsies in Delayed Renal Graft Function of Transplanted Kidney Is Reduced in Modern Immunosuppression Era
Authors: Guetta Ohad , Osyntsov Anton , Rahamimov Ruth , Tobar Ana , Israeli Moshe , Masarwa Yasmin , Gurevich Michael , Tennak Vladimir , Mezhybovsky Vadym , Gravetz Aviad , Eisner Sigal , Nesher Eviatar
Published: July 2022

Background: Delayed graft function (DGF) immediately after kidney transplantation is considered a risk factor for acute rejection. According to clinical guidelines, a weekly allograft biopsy should be performed until DGF resolves. Based on clinical evidence, the first biopsy is considered appropriate. However, the recommendation for further biopsies is based on sparse evidence from era of earlier immunosuppression protocols, and the benefit of the second and further biopsies remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to reevaluate this policy. Methods: The database of a transplant medical center was retrospectively reviewed for all patients who underwent kidney transplantation in 2011–2020. Those with DGF who performed two or more graft biopsies within the first 60 days after transplantation were identified. Clinical data were collected from the medical files. The rates of diagnosis of acute rejection at the second and subsequent biopsies were analyzed relative to the previous ones. Results: Kidney transplantation was performed in 1,722 patients during the study period, of whom 225 (13.07%) underwent a total of 351 graft biopsies within 60 days after transplantation, mostly due to DGF. A second biopsy was performed in 32 patients (14.2%), and a third biopsy in 8, at weekly intervals. In 2 patients (6.25%), the diagnosis changed from the first biopsy (acute tubular necrosis or toxic damage) to acute rejection in the second biopsy. In both, the rejection was borderline. Third and fourth biopsies did not add information to the previous diagnosis. Conclusions: The common practice of performing sequential biopsies during a postoperative course of DGF seems to be of low benefit and should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
Association of High-Sensitivity Troponin I with Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events in Patient after Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kim Bum Sung , Park Jeong-Jin , Chang Haseong , Kim Sung Hea , Kwon Chang Hee , Chung Sang-Man , Kim Hahn Young , Kim Hyun-Joong
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Early recognition and risk stratification of cardiovascular events are necessary in patients after ischemic stroke. Recent evidence suggests that elevated high-sensitive cardiac troponin is a predictor of mortality and vascular events. Therefore, we aimed to explore the prognostic role of high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-TnI) on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients after ischemic stroke. Methods: From August 2014 to July 2017, 1,506 patients with acute ischemic stroke were pulled consecutively in a retrospective single-center registry. Of these, 1,019 patients were selected and classified into the elevated or non-elevated hs-TnI groups according to hs-TnI level of 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) at the time of admission for ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was a major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) during follow-up. Results: Among 1,019 patients, 708 patients were non-elevated hs-TnI group (<99th percentile URL of hs-TnI) and 311 patients were elevated hs-TnI group (≥99th percentile URL of hs-TnI). The median follow-up period was 22.5 (interquartile range 5.0–38.8) months. In a multivariable Cox regression model, the elevated hs-TnI group has a higher risk of MACCE (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 3.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.33–4.17; p < 0.01), all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 4.15; 95% CI: 2.47–6.99; p < 0.01) and readmission caused by coronary revascularization (adjusted HR: 3.12; 95% CI: 1.41–6.90; p < 0.01), heart failure (adjusted HR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.38–5.51; p < 0.01), and stroke (adjusted HR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.07–2.78; p = 0.02) compared with the non-elevated hs-TnI group. Conclusions: Elevated hs-TnI is independently associated with higher mortality and cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients with ischemic stroke and may serve as a valuable prognostic factor in management after ischemic stroke.
Effect of Cell-Derived Matrices on Growth and Differentiation of Human Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Selvaraj Sakthivel , Rupert Secunda , Nandabalan Sangeetha Kadapakkam , Anbalagan Charumathi , Rajaram Prasanna Srinivasan , Satyanesan Jeswanth , Vennila Rosy , Rajagopal Surendran
Published: July 2022

Cell-derived matrices (CDMs) are scaffolds constructed by decellularization of cellular matrices from different tissues and organs. Since CDMs mimic the extracellular matrices (ECMs) of native tissues, it plays an essential role in the preparation of bioscaffolds. CDM scaffolds from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to support cell adhesion and proliferation of its own cells. Therefore, in this study we aimed to test if growth of human Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs may be enhanced when cultured on their own CDMs. To do this, MSCs were induced to generate ECM using ascorbic acid. Thus, obtained matrices were decellularized and characterized quantitatively for changes in their biochemical components (total protein, collagen, glycosaminoglycans) and qualitatively for fibronectin, laminin, and collagen (I & IV) by immunostaining. Our results show the retention of essential ECM components in the decellularized WJ-MSC-derived matrix (WJ-CDM). The influence of WJ-CDM on proliferation and differentiation of WJ-MSCs were evaluated by comparing their growth on collagen and fibronectin-only coated plates. A non-coated tissue culture polystyrene plate (TCPS) served as control. Our cell proliferation results show that no significant changes were observed in the proliferation of MSCs when cultured on WJ-CDM as compared to the bio-coated and non-coated cultures. However, gene expression analysis of the differentiation process showed that osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of the WJ-MSCs was significantly increased upon culturing them on WJ-CDM. In conclusion, the present study reveals that the WJ-MSCs cultured on WJ-CDM may augment osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Paraproteinemia Associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Berger Tamar , Shacham Abulafia Adi , Shimony Shai , Pasvolsky Oren , Vaxman Iuliana , Miron Yifat , Feldman Shimrit , Leader Avi , Raanani Pia
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Data regarding the prevalence of paraproteinemia in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are lacking. Methods: To evaluate for the prevalence of paraproteinemia, we undertook this cross-sectional study among consecutive chronic-phase CML patients. Complete blood count, chemistry, immunoglobulins, serum-free light chains, serum-protein electrophoresis and immunofixation were collected. Further analyses evaluated whether various patient-, disease-, and treatment-related variables are associated with paraproteinemia. Results: One hundred patients, median age 63.5 (IQR 48.1–72) years were recruited. Median time from CML diagnosis to enrollment was 6.3 (IQR 2.3–11.3) years. Monoclonal protein was detected in 8 patients (8%), diagnosed with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM, n = 2) and low-risk monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, n = 6). Six patients were on tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, 2 were in treatment-free remission. The only covariate associated with paraproteinemia was the presence of anemia, albeit with borderline statistical significance in univariate analysis (p = 0.053) and when adjusted for age (p = 0.056). Conclusions: In this largest study so far describing the prevalence of paraproteinemia among CML patients, we found MGUS prevalence to be higher than the 3.2% expected prevalence in the general population above 50 years and a non-negligible prevalence of SMM (2%). Screening for paraproteinemia in CML patients, especially in the presence of anemia, should be considered.
A Lei 10.639/2003 e o Documento Curricular de Goiás desafios para um ensino antirracista
Authors: Guimarães Rosiane Correa
Published: July 2022

A lei 10.369/2003 determina a obrigatoriedade do ensino sobre história e cultura afro-brasileira em todas as instituições escolares brasileiras. Após quase 20 anos de sua publicação, a lei ainda é um desafio para as escolas e professores. Diante disso, esse trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a presença da referida lei no Documento Curricular de Goiás (DCGO). A metodologia está embasada em autores que discutem racismo e educação antirracista, bem como em análises no DCGO e na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) a fim de compreender como a lei 10.639/2003 pode ser abordada nas competências específicas tanto das áreas de conhecimento quanto das componentes curriculares. A partir dos resultados, evidencia-se que a temática central da lei é abordada apenas em disciplinas como Geografia, História e Língua Inglesa. Nas demais componentes curriculares, esse assunto ou não é abordado ou o é de forma indireta, o que pressupõe que as práticas oportunizadas para valorização da cultura afro-brasileira se resumem a experiências isoladas centradas em datas específicas. Assim, corroborando que a escola, de forma geral, apresenta o mundo do ponto de vista da branquitude. A desconstrução desse viés deve ser constante, com vigilância e práticas cotidianas que visem a eliminação de termos e atitudes racistas, bem como a superação da invisibilidade negra. É nesse contexto que a lei deveria garantir a abordagem da cultura negra além dos estereótipos.
Geografia e segurança hídrica estudo do avanço de ocupação irregular em área de bacia hidrográfica de captação no município de Caxias do Sul, RS
Authors: Machado Anderson , Araujo Bruna de , Belladona Rossano , Vargas Tiago de , Falcade Ivanira
Published: July 2022

As ocupações irregulares são um problema urbano que afetam a ordem socioambiental de cidades ao redor do mundo. Essa questão é ainda pior quando ocorre em áreas ambientalmente vulneráveis que devem ser protegidas, como as bacias hidrográficas destinadas à captação de água para consumo. Para que se possa intervir nesse problema é preciso conhecer a dinâmica da ocupação do espaço a ser preservado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os principais pontos de expansão da urbanização na bacia de captação do Arroio Faxinal, no município de Caxias do Sul, bem como caracterizar a ocupação irregular no seu interior. Nas áreas dos loteamentos irregulares, realizou-se o levantamento de informações de uma amostra da população, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada; bem como o mapeamento da ocupação por meio da evolução do uso e cobertura do solo usando imagens de satélite. As informações obtidas no levantamento formaram um banco de dados, cujas respostas foram analisadas estatisticamente. Entre os resultados, ficou evidenciado que há loteamentos de segunda residência, cujos moradores escolheram para lazer, mas a maioria da população é de baixa renda e vive no local por falta de opção. Ainda, grande parte das ocupações irregulares cresceu sobre Áreas de Preservação Permanente, o que colabora para a degradação dos recursos hídricos superficiais da bacia e reduz a segurança hídrica no abastecimento público. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas para minimizar os impactos e manter a sustentabilidade ambiental da região.
Uso da terra e sua influência na qualidade da água em uma represa de abastecimento de água no município de Sorocaba – SP
Authors: Silva Tatiana Acácio da , Duarte Miqueias Lima , Coelho Cecília Maria de Paula , Guandique Manuel Enrique Gamero , Costa Heron Salazar
Published: July 2022

Os efeitos das mudanças climáticas associados à superexploração dos mananciais, e atividades antrópicas desenvolvidas de forma inadequada deteriora a qualidade ambiental de bacias hidrográficas, e por consequência, a qualidade e quantidade dos recursos hídricos. Este estudo avaliou a qualidade das águas captadas na represa Ipaneminha, no município de Sorocaba, em relação ao modelo de uso da terra da bacia. Foram realizadas análises de parâmetros físico-químicos e biológicos para análise do Índice de Qualidade da Água-IQA entre 2016 a 2019. No mesmo período, foi avaliado o uso e ocupação do solo, por meio de classificação supervisionada, a partir de imagens do sensor Sentinel-2. Também foram analisados os índices de precipitação, a partir de dados do sensor GPM, sendo realizado uma análise multivariada por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais-ACP. Os resultados obtidos com o mapeamento de uso e ocupação do solo mostraram alto grau de antropização na sub-bacia, predominando o desenvolvimento do sistema misto agricultura/pastagem (50,93% em 2016, 50,44% em 2017, 53,22% em 2018 e 49,75% em 2019). A avaliação dos parâmetros de qualidade da água indicaram redução em sua qualidade ao longo do período, e por meio da ACP observou-se que mais de 70% da variância dos valores do IQA foram explicadas, tendo contribuição significativa de CT, P, DBO, NTK, UNT e RT, fatores relacionados a poluentes de origem doméstica e industriais, bem como relacionados a dinâmica de uso e ocupação da terra na sub-bacia.
Queima de biomassa no bioma Amazônia análise da injeção e dispersão de plumas de fumaça na atmosfera
Authors: Zanin Gustavo Domingos , Cardozo Francielle da Silva , Pereira Gabriel , Silva Viviane Valéria da , Rufino Paulo Ricardo , Giarola Lucas Luan
Published: July 2022

Os gases traços liberados pela queima de biomassa afetam significativamente o meio ambiente, alterando o balanço de energia, os ciclos biogeoquímicos e o clima. Partindo deste fato, com o objetivo de identificar o período e as principais áreas afetadas por entradas de plumas de aerossóis de queimada na atmosfera do bioma Amazônia e de analisar as dinâmicas de uso e ocupação do solo nas principais áreas de emissões, foram analisadas imagens do sensor Multiangle Imaging Spectro Radiometer (MISR) a bordo do Satélite TERRA, com resolução de 275 m em nove ângulos, variando de 0° nadir a 70° fora do nadir e, posteriormente, comparadas a dados oriundos do projeto MapBiomas. Com o software MISR INteractive eXplorer (MINX) foram processadas as alturas das plumas, permitindo a criação de mosaicos multitemporais. Posteriormente, a partir de um programa originado em IDL/ENVI obteve-se os dados de interesse, como a localização, a potência radiativa do fogo e a altura de injeção de cada pluma. Após o processamento inicial, sucedeu a conversão dos dados e a inserção em Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG), sobrepondo estes dados com os demais, originários do MapBiomas. Nesse contexto, ressalta-se que o trabalho realizado pode servir como um importante banco de dados para a visualização e análise da distribuição de fenômenos, auxiliando na tomada de decisões e posteriores ações de gestão e redução de possíveis riscos à sociedade.
¿(In) sostenibilidad minera en América Latina? Una revisión sistemática de las perspectivas y brechas
Authors: Eyzaguirre Indira Angela Luza
Published: July 2022

La minería es la extracción de minerales en diversas escalas y en diversas modalidades. Como cualquier otro sector económico de producción, genera impactos positivos y negativos. Sin embargo, también generan impactos negativos si no se tiene una buena gestión ambiental ni responsabilidad social. Por ello, muchos países mineros, tienen conflictos sociales por dichos impactos, ante ello existe el Observatorio de Conflictos Mineros el cual mapea el origen y causa de los conflictos mineros. La pregunta que guía este artículo es ¿Qué aspectos relacionan a la minería a la sostenibilidad? Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es de presentar una revisión sistemática multinivel de los documentos científicos y políticos para identificar las perspectivas y brechas de la sostenibilidad en el sector minero bajo una perspectiva de la epistemología ambiental en cuatro categorías: (i) la presencia del ambiente en la minería, (ii) gestión ambiental, (iii) conflictos y (iv) soluciones. Fueron encontrados a nivel global y transnacional un total de 87197 documentos científicos y 14303 documentos legislativos, los cuales se categorizaron y filtraron según la metodología PRISMA para revisar las cuatro categorías. No hay duda que el sector minero debe aplicar términos como una gestión ambiental eficaz y el desarrollo sostenible, pudiéndolo hacer mediante diversas herramientas; tales como el cumplimiento de las normas y estándares nacionales e internacionales obligatoria e inclusive las certificaciones ambientales voluntarias mediante la inclusión de tecnologías limpias o términos de gestión como la economía circular y la ecología industrial.
Avaliação de métodos de extração automática de lineamentos morfoestruturais e magnéticos a partir de imagens de sensores remotos e dados aerogeofísicos
Authors: Goulart Catherine Vargas , Sluter Claudia Robbi , Mendes Júnior Cláudio Wilson
Published: July 2022

As imagens de sensores remotos permitem visualizar toda a superfície do terreno e os elementos que o compõem. Entre as feições relacionadas a esses elementos, e visíveis nas imagens aéreas e orbitais, estão os lineamentos morfoestruturais, os quais registram na superfície a ocorrência de atividade tectônica. Em subsuperfície, essas feições geológicas podem estender-se até grandes profundidades crustais, sendo visíveis em dados magnéticos e, portanto, denominados de lineamentos magnéticos. A extração dos lineamentos morfoestruturais e magnéticos pode ser realizada de forma manual, semiautomática e automática, e a possibilidade de utilização de diversas fontes de dados e diferentes algoritmos computacionais, encontrada nos métodos automáticos, permite a identificação de elementos e formas distintas associados aos lineamentos, promovendo sua extração adequada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a extração dos lineamentos morfoestruturais e magnéticos a partir de dados de sensores remotos e dados aerogeofísicos, de forma semelhante ao obtido pelos métodos manuais, por meio da testagem dos parâmetros presentes nos algoritmos de detecção de limites, por limiares e segmentação, e verificar a complementaridade da extração de lineamentos mapeados automaticamente nessas diferentes fontes de dados.
Geologia e geoquímica do vulcanismo miocênico da região de Serra Preta, Pedro Avelino/RN, NE do Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Joyce Lorena , Souza Zorano Sergio de , Vilalva Frederico Castro Jobim
Published: July 2022

No nordeste brasileiro, sistemas vulcânicos de pequena escala constituem uma ampla província cenozoica tectono-magmática, o Alinhamento Macau-Queimadas, composto de rochas vulcânicas máficas alcalinas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar a petrogênese e o mecanismo de colocação de uma dessas ocorrências, localizada na borda sul da Bacia Potiguar. Para isso, são apresentados dados de mapeamento geológico, petrográficos e geoquímicos de rocha total. Na área estudada, três corpos vulcânicos ocorrem com diferentes geometrias. O mais expressivo tem alojamento magmático controlado tectonicamente, gerando um sistema de diques nas direções NNW-SSE e NE-SW. Petrograficamente, o conjunto mostra feições vulcânicas e intrusivas rasas, constituídas de olivina basaltos e nefelina microgabros. As fácies texturais observadas indicam resfriamento final em nível crustal raso de magmas alcalinos insaturados em sílica, gerando basanitos, melanefelinitos e olivina basaltos. Em termos litoquímicos, são rochas relativamente primitivas (#mg = 65–79), com baixo SiO2 (39–43%) e elevados MgO (12–19%) e Ni (> 200 ppm). Apresentam enriquecimento em terras raras leves (LaN/YbN ~ 35–17) e em elementos incompatíveis, destacando-se anomalias negativas de Rb, K e Hf. Modelamento geoquímico de óxidos com base em equações de balanço de massa e simulações com MELTS mostra taxa de cristalização de ~64% e cumulato composto de olivina, melilita, nefelina, magnetita, apatita e perovskita. Modelamento geoquímico de elementos traço para fusão parcial em equilíbrio sugere taxa de fusão menor que 5% de fonte do tipo granada-lherzolito enriquecido em elementos incompatíveis e contendo anfibólio e/ou flogopita. O mecanismo de colocação é associado à instabilidade do campo de tensões local no Mioceno, que reativou estruturas das unidades encaixantes favorecendo abertura de canais para escoamento de magmas de origem mantélica...