bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equipment and Operations Automation in Mining: A Review
Authors: Long Michael , Schafrik Steven , Kolapo Peter , Agioutantis Zach , Sottile Joseph
Published: October 2024

The mining industry is undergoing a transformative shift driven by the rapid advancement and adoption of automation technologies. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of automation in mining, examining the technological advancements, their applications, and the prospects of automation in this critical industry. A key focus of this paper is the impact of automation on the safety and efficiency of mining operations. Highlighting the successful implementation of Automated Haul Truck Systems (AHSs) in surface mining. Additionally, this paper explores the development of automation in underground mining and its challenges, particularly limitations in communication and localization, which hinder the development and deployment of fully autonomous systems. It also provides an exploration of the challenges associated with widespread automation adoption in mining, including high initial investment costs, concerns about job displacement, and the need for specialized skills and training. Looking toward future advancements in enabling technologies will be critical for furthering automation in mining. Machine learning and AI will play an increasingly critical role in intelligent automation, enabling autonomous systems to adapt to dynamic environments, optimize processes, and make informed decisions. This paper provides a look into human–robot collaboration in the future of mining. As the industry transitions toward greater automation, it is essential to consider the evolving roles of human workers to foster a collaborative work environment. This involves prioritizing human safety, providing adequate training, and addressing concerns about job displacement to ensure a smooth transition toward a more automated future.
Comparison of Pudendal Nerve Block and Spinal Anesthesia in Proctological Surgeries: Efficacy, Safety, and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Şahin Samet , Yazkan Cenk , Dere Özcan , Kayılıoğlu Ilgaz , Özcan Önder
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: The selection of an appropriate anesthesia method is a critical factor in the surgical treatment of proctological diseases, significantly impacting patient outcomes and comfort. Pudendal nerve block (PNB) and spinal anesthesia (SA) are commonly employed in these surgeries, yet the optimal choice between the two remains debated. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of PNB and SA in patients undergoing surgical treatment for various proctological conditions, with a focus on postoperative pain management, functional outcomes, and complication rates. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 590 patients who underwent proctological surgery under either PNB (n = 435) or SA (n = 155). Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while functional outcomes were measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the outcomes between the two groups. Results: Patients in the PNB group reported significantly lower postoperative VAS scores compared to those in the SA group, particularly in hemorrhoidectomy and laser hemorrhoidoplasty procedures. The PNB group also demonstrated superior functional outcomes, with lower postoperative WHODAS 2.0 scores and a reduced incidence of urinary retention compared to the SA group. Furthermore, the duration of surgery and hospital stay were significantly shorter for patients in the PNB group. Conclusions: The findings suggest that PNB may offer advantages over SA in proctological surgeries, particularly in terms of pain management, functional recovery, and reduced complication rates. PNB should be considered a viable alternative to SA, particularly in cases where rapid recovery and minimizing complications are priorities. Exceptions to this include specific proctological surgeries, such as those for malignant tumors in the region, complex anal fistulas, proctological conditions arising from inflammatory bowel diseases, and patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Further research is needed to confirm these results and optimize anesthesia selection in this context.
Regulation Effect of Toxocara canis and Anthelmintics on Intestinal Microbiota Diversity and Composition in Dog
Authors: Wang Na , Sieng Soben , Chen Ping , Liang Tian , Xu Jingyun , Han Qian
Published: October 2024

Toxocara canis is an intestinal roundworm that can cause serious zoonotic parasitic diseases. Drontal Plus® Tasty (Dog) is a kind of commercial drug used to treat T. canis infection. Febantel, Praziquantel, and Pyrantel pamoate (PP) are its main component. However, there are few studies investigating the impact of Drontal Plus® Tasty (Dog) and its primary ingredients on the intestinal microbiota of dogs. In this study, we first collected the intestinal content samples of the dogs which administrated with anthelmintics or saline by sterile catheters, then used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology combined with a variety of bioinformatic analysis methods to analyze the effect of anthelmintics on intestinal microbiota. First, the results of the α and β diversity analysis showed that the abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota decreased with T. canis infection, and increased after anthelmintic treatment. Then, we found the dominant species (the value of relative abundance > 0.05) was both 28 on phylum and genus levels, besides the most dominant species was Bacillota on phylum level and Segatella and Clostridium_sensu_stricto were most dominant on genus level. Futher analyzing the differences in microbiotal composition on phylum level, we found that Drontal Plus® Tasty treatment could significantly increase the proportion of Bacillota, while Febantel, Praziquantel, or PP could induce the significantly changes of Bacillota and Bacteroidota. In addition, by analyzing the differences in microbiotal composition on genus level, we found that anthelmintic could significantly decreased the relative abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto and significantly increased the abundance of Segatella. However, Drontal Plus® Tasty had no regulatory effect on the abundance of Segatella. In short, these finding showed that various anthelmintics all have significant effects for changing the abundance and diversity of host intestinal microbiota.
An Analytical View on the Use of Flucloxacillin for Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Nguyen Tam , Spriet Isabel , Quintens Charlotte , Vander Elst Lotte , Ha Pham Thi Thanh , Van Schepdael Ann , Adams Erwin
Published: October 2024

Although the addition of buffers provides improved stability to flucloxacillin (FLU) solutions, unbuffered solutions are often preferred in clinical practice. The first purpose of this study was to investigate whether a 50 mg/mL solution of FLU in normal saline is stable for 24 h at 33 °C so that it can be applied for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) using portable elastomeric infusion pumps (PEIPs). When the PEIPs were stored in an oven at 33 °C and deflated over 24 h, the volume of the collected solution, pH, and FLU concentration were checked every 4 h. Obtaining better results than expected based on the literature data, other storage conditions, such as refrigeration, room temperature (RT), 37 °C, refrigeration followed by 24 h at 33 °C and 37 °C, and different batches/brands, were also tested. This study confirmed the pronounced effect of temperature on the stability of FLU and also showed the relationship between the stability of FLU and the initial pH of the solution. FLU was quite stable at refrigeration and RT conditions, with more than 99% and 95% remaining. After 24 h at 33 °C, more than 92% of FLU was still present in the solution, while this number decreased to less than 85% when the storage temperature reached 37 °C. The remaining percentage was found to be even lower when the solution was stored at 2–8 °C for 6 days, followed by 24 h storage at 33 °C or 37 °C, with losses of 17% and 30%, respectively. The stability of FLU became worse when the initial pH of the solution was lower than 5.9 since the concentration of FLU dropped to less than 90% after 24 h at 33 °C, and a precipitate started to form when the initial pH of the solution was around 5.3. Therefore, FLU in PEIPs could be employed for 24 h if the temperature was ideally not more than 33 °C, while the pH should be not less than 5.9 upon reconstituting the FLU solution.
A Comprehensive Review on Deep Eutectic Solvents: Their Current Status and Potential for Extracting Active Compounds from Adaptogenic Plants
Authors: Stanisz Malgorzata , Stanisz Beata J. , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta
Published: October 2024

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have attracted attention from researchers as novel compounds for extracting active substances because of their negligible toxicity, polarity, and ability to be tailored depending on the experiment. In this review, we discuss deep eutectic solvents as a promising medium for the extraction of adaptogenic compounds. In comparison to traditional methods, extraction with the use of DESs is a great alternative to the excessive usage of harmful organic solvents. It can be conducted in mild conditions, and DESs can be designed with different precursors, enhancing their versatility. Adaptogenic herbs have a long medicinal history, especially in Eastern Asia. They exhibit unique properties through the active compounds in their structures, including saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. Therefore, they demonstrate a wide range of pharmaceutical effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer abilities. Since ancient times, many different adaptogenic herbs have been discovered and are well known, including Panax ginseng, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Schisandra chinensis. Active compounds can be extracted using standard methods, such as hydrolyzation, maceration, and conventional reflux extraction. However, due to the limitations of classical processing technologies, there has been a need to develop new and eco-friendly methods. We focus on the types of solvents, extraction efficiency, properties, and applications of the obtained active compounds. This review highlights the potential of DESs as eco-friendly alternatives for extracting bioactive compounds.
In Situ Raman Spectroscopy as a Valuable Tool for Monitoring Crystallization Kinetics in Molecular Glasses
Authors: Svoboda Roman , Koutná Nicola , Hynková Magdalena , Pakosta Marek
Published: October 2024

The performance of in situ Raman microscopy (IRM) in monitoring the crystallization kinetics of amorphous drugs (griseofulvin and indomethacin) was evaluated using a comparison with the data obtained via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). IRM was found to accurately and sensitively detect the initial stages of the crystal growth processes, including the rapid glass–crystal surface growth or recrystallization between polymorphic phases, with the reliable localized identification of the particular polymorphs being the main advantage of IRM over DSC. However, from the quantitative point of view, the reproducibility of the IRM measurements was found to be potentially significantly hindered due to inaccurate temperature recording and calibration, variability in the Raman spectra corresponding to the fully amorphous and crystalline phases, and an overly limited number of spectra possible to collect during acceptable experimental timescales because of the applied heating rates. Since theoretical simulations showed that, from the kinetics point of view, the constant density of collected data points per kinetic effect results in the smallest distortions, only the employment of the fast Raman mapping functions could advance the performance of IRM above that of calorimetric measurements.
Synthesis and Anti-Liver Fibrosis Research of Aspartic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Lv Miao , Guo Simin , Yang Hexian , Wang Yongjian , Li Yiming , Li Yang , Yi Hong , He Hongwei , Li Zhuorong
Published: October 2024

Liver fibrosis plays an important role in the progression of liver disease, but there is a severe shortage of direct and efficacious pharmaceutical clinical interventions. Literature research indicates that aspartic acid exhibits hepatoprotective properties. In this paper, 32 target compounds were designed and synthesized utilizing aspartic acid as the lead compound, of which 22 were new compounds not reported in the literature. These compounds were screened for their inhibitory effects on the COL1A1 promoter to assess in vitro anti-liver fibrosis activity and summarized structure–activity relationships. Four compounds exhibited superior potency with inhibition rates ranging from 66.72% to 97.44%, substantially higher than EGCG (36.46 ± 4.64%) and L-Asp (11.33 ± 0.35%). In an LPS-induced inflammation model of LX-2 cells, both 41 and 8a could inhibit the activation of LX-2 cells, reducing the expression of COL1A1, fibronectin, and α-SMA. Upon further investigation, 41 and 8a ameliorated liver fibrosis by inhibiting the IKKβ-NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate inflammatory response. Overall, the study evaluated the anti-liver fibrosis effects of aspartic acid derivatives, identified the potency of 41, and conducted a preliminary exploration of mechanisms, laying the foundation for the discovery of novel anti-liver fibrosis agents.
Changes in the Volatile Flavor Substances, the Non-Volatile Components, and the Antioxidant Activity of Poria cocos during Different Drying Processes
Authors: Gao Chuqian , Sun Shaodi , Zhang Linyu , Xiang Wei , Chen Miaofen , Zeng Jianguo , Xie Hongqi
Published: October 2024

Poria cocos (Schw.) wolf (P. cocos) is an important medicinal material with both therapeutic and edible properties. This study investigated volatile constituents, amino acids, proteins, polysaccharides, triterpenoid ingredients, and alcohol-soluble extracts on P. cocos during eight drying processes. A total of 47 volatile components were found and identified; the main volatile components of shade drying (SD) and hot-air drying at 50 °C (HD50) were esters and alcohols, while for drying in hot air at 60 °C~100 °C (△ = 10 °C) and infrared drying (ID), the main compounds were aldehydes and hydrocarbons. The amino acids in P. cocos remained the same when dried with various methods. Compared with SD samples, with the temperature increase, the content of amino acids showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while the content trend of proteins was the opposite. The HD70 samples had the highest content of polysaccharide, triterpenoid ingredients, alcohol-soluble extracts, and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, volatile compounds showed a correlation between non-volatile constituents. This research provides evidence that the aroma, active components, and activity of P. cocos were affected by the drying method.
Exploring the Benzazoles Derivatives as Pharmacophores for AChE, BACE1, and as Anti-Aβ Aggregation to Find Multitarget Compounds against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Rosales Hernández Martha Cecilia , Olvera-Valdez Marycruz , Velazquez Toledano Jazziel , Mendieta Wejebe Jessica Elena , Fragoso Morales Leticia Guadalupe , Cruz Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Despite the great effort that has gone into developing new molecules as multitarget compounds to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD), none of these have been approved to treat this disease. Therefore, it will be interesting to determine whether benzazoles such as benzimidazole, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole, employed as pharmacophores, could act as multitarget drugs. AD is a multifactorial disease in which several pharmacological targets have been identified—some are involved with amyloid beta (Aβ) production, such as beta secretase (BACE1) and beta amyloid aggregation, while others are involved with the cholinergic system as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butirylcholinesterase (BChE) and nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, as well as the hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein (tau). In this review, we describe the in silico and in vitro evaluation of benzazoles on three important targets in AD: AChE, BACE1, and Aβ. Benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles could be the best benzazoles to act as multitarget drugs for AD because they have been widely evaluated as AChE inhibitors, forming π–π interactions with W286, W86, Y72, and F338, as well as in the AChE gorge and catalytic site. In addition, the sulfur atom from benzothiazol interacts with S286 and the aromatic ring from W84, with these compounds having an IC50 value in the μM range. Also, benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles can inhibit Aβ aggregation. However, even though benzazoles have not been widely evaluated on BACE1, benzimidazoles evaluated in vitro showed an IC50 value in the nM range. Therefore, important chemical modifications could be considered to improve multitarget benzazoles’ activity, such as substitutions in the aromatic ring with electron withdrawal at position five, or a linker 3 or 4 carbons in length, which would allow for better interaction with targets.
Inclusion Complexation of Remdesivir with Cyclodextrins: A Comprehensive Review on Combating Coronavirus Resistance—Current State and Future Perspectives
Authors: Anitha Arumugam , Rajamohan Rajaram , Murugan Moorthiraman , Seo Jeong Hyun
Published: October 2024

Cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives have gained significant attention in biomedical applications due to their remarkable biocompatibility, unique inclusion capabilities, and potential for functionalization. This review focuses on recent advancements in CD-based assemblies, specifically their role in improving drug delivery, emphasizing remdesivir (RMD). The review introduces CD materials and their versatile applications in self-assembly and supramolecular assembly. CD materials offer immense potential for designing drug delivery systems with enhanced activity. Their inherent inclusion capabilities enable the encapsulation of diverse therapeutic agents, including RMD, resulting in improved solubility, stability, and bioavailability. The recent advances in CD-based assemblies, focusing on their integration with RMD have been concentrated here. Various strategies for constructing these assemblies are discussed, including physical encapsulation, covalent conjugation, and surface functionalization techniques. Furthermore, exploring future directions in these fields has also been provided. Ongoing research efforts are directed toward developing novel CD derivatives with enhanced properties, such as increased encapsulation efficiency and improved release kinetics. Moreover, the integration of CD-based assemblies with advanced technologies such as nanomedicine and gene therapy holds tremendous promise for personalized medicine and precision therapeutics
Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Marine Streptomyces sp. SMGL39 with Antibiofilm Activity: In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Attea Sara A. , Ghareeb Mosad A. , Kelany Ayda K. , Elhakim Heba K. A. , Allemailem Khaled S. , Bukhari Sarah I. , Rashidi Fatma B. , Hamed Ahmed A.
Published: October 2024

One of the major global health threats in the present era is antibiotic resistance. Biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) can combat microbial infections and can be synthesized without harmful chemicals. In the present investigation, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to discover Streptomyces sp. SMGL39, an actinomycete isolate utilized to reduce ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) to biosynthesize FeNPs, which were then characterized using UV–Vis, XRD, FTIR, and TEM analyses. Furthermore, in our current study, the biosynthesized FeNPs were tested for antimicrobial and antibiofilm characteristics against different Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and fungal strains. Additionally, our work examines the biosynthesized FeNPs’ molecular docking and binding affinity to key enzymes, which contributed to bacterial infection cooperation via quorum sensing (QS) processes. A bright yellow to dark brown color shift indicated the production of FeNPs, which have polydispersed forms with particle sizes ranging from 80 to 180 nm and UV absorbance ranging from 220 to 280 nm. Biosynthesized FeNPs from actinobacteria significantly reduced the microbial growth of Fusarium oxysporum and L. monocytogenes, while they showed weak antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and no activity against E. coli, MRSA, or Aspergillus niger. On the other hand, biosynthesized FeNPs showed strong antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa while showing mild and weak activity against B. subtilis and E. coli, respectively. The collaboration of biosynthesized FeNPs and key enzymes for bacterial infection exhibits hydrophobic and/or hydrogen bonding, according to this research. These results show that actinobacteria-biosynthesized FeNPs prevent biofilm development in bacteria.
Exploiting Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis Genome Research
Authors: Ritonga Faujiah Nurhasanah , Gong Zeyu , Zhang Yihui , Wang Fengde , Gao Jianwei , Li Cheng , Li Jingjuan
Published: October 2024

Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis is a crucial and extensively consumed vegetable in the world, especially Eastern Asia. The market demand for this leafy vegetable increases year by year, resulting in multiple challenges for agricultural researchers worldwide. Multi-omic approaches and the integration of functional genomics helps us understand the relationships between Chinese cabbage genomes and phenotypes under specific physiological and environmental conditions. However, challenges exist in integrating multi-omics for the functional analysis of genes and for developing potential traits for Chinese cabbage improvement. However, the panomics platform allows for the integration of complex omics, enhancing our understanding of molecular regulator networks in Chinese cabbage agricultural traits. In addition, the agronomic features of Chinese cabbage are significantly impacted by the environment. The expression of these agricultural features is tightly regulated by a combination of signals from both the internal regulatory network and the external growth environment. To comprehend the molecular process of these characteristics, it is necessary to have a prior understanding of molecular breeding for the objective of enhancing quality. While the use of various approaches in Chinese cabbage is still in its early stages, recent research has shown that it has the potential to uncover new regulators both rapidly and effectively, leading to updated regulatory networks. In addition, the utilization of the efficient transformation technique in conjunction with gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 will result in a reduction in time requirements and facilitate a more precise understanding of the role of the regulators. Numerous studies about Chinese cabbage have been conducted in the past two decades, but a comprehensive review about its genome still limited. This review provides a concise summary of the latest discoveries in genomic research related to Brassica and explores the potential future developments for this species.
Structural Performance Analysis and Optimization of Small Diesel Engine Exhaust Muffler
Authors: Li Fang , Yuan Wenhua , Ma Yi , Fu Jun
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the optimization of diesel engine exhaust mufflers has predominantly targeted acoustic performance, while the impact on engine power performance has often been overlooked. Therefore, this paper proposes a parallel perforated tube expansion muffler and conducts a numerical analysis of its acoustic and aerodynamic performance using the finite element method. Then, a Kriging model is established based on the Design of Experiments to reveal the impact of different parameter couplings on muffler performance. With transmission loss (TL) and pressure loss (PL) as the optimization objectives, a multi-objective optimization study is carried out using the competitive multi-objective particle swarm optimization (CMOPSO). The optimization results indicate that this method can simplify the optimization model and improve optimization efficiency. After CMOPSO calculation, the average TL of the muffler increased from 27.3 dB to 31.6 dB, and the PL decreased from 1087 Pa to 953 Pa, which reduced the exhaust noise and improved the fuel economy of the engine, thus enhancing the overall performance of the muffler. This work provides a reference and guidance for the optimal design of mufflers for small agricultural diesel engines.
Correction: El Hafdaoui et al. Energy and Environmental National Assessment of Alternative Fuel Buses in Morocco. World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14, 105
Authors: El Hafdaoui Hamza , Jelti Faissal , Khallaayoun Ahmed , Ouazzani Kamar
Published: October 2024

In the original publication [...]
An Approach for Estimating the Contributions of Various Real-World Usage Conditions towards the Attained Utility Factor of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Hamza Karim , Laberteaux Kenneth , Chu Kang-Ching
Published: October 2024

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are designed to enable the electrification of a large portion of the distance vehicles travel while utilizing relatively small batteries via taking advantage of the fact that long-distance travel days tend to be infrequent for many vehicle owners. PHEVs also relieve range anxiety through seamless switching to hybrid driving—an efficient mode of fuel-powered operation—whenever the battery reaches a low state of charge. Stemming from the perception that PHEVs are a well-rounded solution to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, various metrics exist to infer the effectiveness of GHG reduction, with utility factor (UF) being prominent among such metrics. Recently, articles in the literature have called into question whether the theoretical values of UF agree with the real-world performance of PHEVs, while also suggesting that infrequent charging was the likely cause for observed deviations. However, it is understood that other reasons could also be responsible for UF mismatch. This work proposes an approach that combines theoretical modeling of UF under progressively relaxed assumptions (including the statistical distribution of daily traveled distance, charging behavior, and attainable electric range), along with vehicle data logs, to quantitatively infer the contributions of various real-world factors towards the observed mismatch between theoretical and real-world UF. A demonstration of the proposed approach using data from three real-world vehicles shows that all contributing factors could be significant. Although the presented results (via the small sample of vehicles) are not representative of the population, the proposed approach can be scaled to larger datasets.
Personal noise exposure patterns and health implications in urban work environments
Authors: PRADEEP Lakshmi , NAGENDRA S. M. Shiva
Published: October 2024

Noise-induced hearing loss remains a preventable occupational health concern, contingent on timely detection and mitigation of excessive workplace noise. However, the lack of effective identification of at-risk workers often results in the neglect of safety measures that could prevent
hearing loss. To address this, personal noise exposure measurements, using noise dosimeters, were conducted on 50 individuals across diverse urban work environments, including work from home, offices, outdoor settings, and mixed-use spaces. The results demonstrated significant variations in
noise exposure levels among different environments. Outdoor and mixed-use environments exhibited the highest average dose percentages, while home-based workers had the lowest exposure. A strong correlation between noise levels above 80 dB and increased dose percentages emphasized the need
to reduce high-noise exposure times. Additionally, the study integrated quantitative dosimeter measurements with qualitative data from a questionnaire survey to provide a holistic understanding of the participants' perception on noise pollution. Traffic emerged as the primary source of noise
pollution, with a substantial number of respondents experiencing stress and ear infections attributed to noise exposure. The research underscores the importance of personalized noise dosimetry in assessing health implications, emphasizing the need for awareness and preventative measures to
mitigate health risks in urban work environments.
Psychoacoustic assessment of automotive fan-systems
Authors: SCOUARNEC Denis , BENNOUNA Saad
Published: October 2024

In the automotive industry, electrification trends worldwide are inducing an increase of noise sources emergences. This reinforces the acoustic assessment metrics and thresholds set by stakeholders to ensure acoustic comfort of car passengers and passersby. The main acoustic indicator,
the overall Sound Pressure Level, is not relevant enough to depict pedestrian annoyance during exposure to fan-system noises. Currently, psychoacoustic assessment of these products is not systematic as the psychoacoustic metrics taken separately are not sufficient for sound quality ranking.
In order to address this weakness, studies were performed by Valeo based on fan-system noise jury evaluations. It aims at providing a preference model consisting of an equation which combines several psychoacoustic metrics to assess fan-system noise annoyance; keeping in mind that Loudness
-or overall SPL- high levels could mask underlying annoyances biasing its assessment. In a first step, the correlation between Overall SPL, Loudness and aeraulic power is highlighted based on standard benchmark test database. In a second step, since tonal noises affect the perceived annoyance,
additional tonal metrics are analyzed versus Loudness, or acoustic classes. Tonality especially is then compared to other tonal criteria, before potential assessment of a preference model equation.
Antenna, laboratory, archive: sound explorations at Radio Utopia
Authors: DARò Carlotta , MARCHAL Théo , MCOISANS JuL , PICHAT Cédric , TIXIER Nicolas
Published: October 2024

As part of the French pavilion at the XVIII Venice Architecture Biennale 2023, muoto architects with Georgi Stanishev designed the Ball Theater, associating the idea of sound creation with the architectural project from the outset. Radio Utopia occupied the Ball Theater for five days
in August as part of the Pavilion's vision of architecture as a receptacle for life. Designed as a sound laboratory and radio antenna, Radio Utopia provided a platform for receiving and broadcasting discussions, testimonies, sounds and installations. The medium of the radio made it possible
to question the socio-cultural conditions of an event such as the Biennale, of a restricted circle of visitors. Radio broadcasting serves as both a parable and a tangible means of connecting with distant places and potential differences using sound recording. It also offers the possibility
of extending an event beyond its physical location and ephemeral temporality. Radio Utopia has left an audio trace in a corner of the Web. From the experimental perspective in the tradition of soundscape studies, this paper will look at three main aspects of the project: 1) a pavilion as a
radio antenna, 2) a space of creation, a sound laboratory, and 3) a sound archiving platform.
Analysis of the underwater acoustic environment in the Catalan Shore: Badalona and Port of Barcelona cases in the framework of the Deuteronoise JPI-Oceans Project
Authors: NOU PLANA Ignasi , VAQUERIZO SERRANO Jesús , FREIXES Marc , ARNELA Marc , RODRIGUEZ QUINTANA Eva , CAñESTRO Cristian , ALSINA PAGèS Rosa Ma
Published: October 2024

Maritime traffic noise pollution is a significant concern for ocean's health and living organisms' welfare, particularly in European sea basins. Research has predominantly focused on vertebrates, linking noise pollution to hearing impairment, affecting their predator and prey detection,
communication, and navigation. However, recent findings suggest that tunicates, marine invertebrates related to vertebrates, may also be susceptible to noise due to their similar acoustic and particle motion sensory organs. The JPI Oceans project, Deuteronoise, addresses this research gap
by characterizing noise from maritime traffic in selected European sites, investigating the effects of noise on marine deuterostomes. In this paper, we introduce the pipeline and retrieval methods, followed by an analysis of the data collected from two contrasting locations: Port of Barcelona,
noise polluted area, and Badalona, non-polluted one, focusing on the noise impact on Oikopleura dioica, a representative appendicularian tunicate. Initial laboratory analyses of recorded sounds have identified different vessel and sound features, providing distinction between the two sites.
With this data analysis, we aim to bring valuable insights that will enhance our understanding of maritime noise pollution. This research not only advances our knowledge of the ecological consequences of noise pollution but also informs conservation strategies for vulnerable marine ecosystems.
Acoustic near field effects in distribution transformer noise measurement
Authors: KOZUPA Michal , KMITA Grzegorz , KORBASIEWICZ Marcin
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the near field effect, including the active and reactive acoustic field around a liquid-filled distribution transformer with heat-dissipating corrugated fins on the tank walls. The analysis was carried out on the basis of measurements of sound pressure and sound
intensity levels along with acoustic maps including the phase correlation of acoustic waves. The acoustic field around the transformer was evaluated in the measurement planes showing normal direction radiation of up to 1,0 m distance. Discrete point measurements made with the PU (pressure
- velocity) probe was used to obtain parameters such as particle velocity, active and reactive sound intensity as well as the transfer function associated with the reference microphone. The last parameter, the transfer function, allows to show the phase correlation between acoustic wave propagation,
which contributes to a better understanding of acoustic near-field effects where energy circulates, creating a sound field that can have overestimated sound pressure and intensity levels.
Sparse recovery by genetic algorithms for acoustic testing applications
Authors: HUANXIAN BU , YUQI Xiao
Published: October 2024

Various acoustic testing applications involve solving inverse problems from acoustic measurements, such as acoustic imaging and duct mode identification. In these problems, the physical quantity to be inferred is sparse, which allows applications of certain sparse recovery techniques,
such as the compressive sensing. But such methods usually involve very complex theory, which therefore set a high threshold for beginners. By contrast, this work proposes a similar but much simpler method based on the well-known genetic algorithm, which borrows only a few easily understood
concepts from nature evolution and can rely on easily accessed software/toolboxes. The performance of the developed method is demonstrated by two acoustic testing experiments in an anechoic chamber, i.e., acoustic imaging and duct mode identification.
Use of semi-empirical models to predict jet noise radiated by unsuppressed and suppressed nozzles
Authors: LAFITTE Anthony , HUET Maxime
Published: October 2024

ONERA is involved in two R&T projects related to supersonic aircraft : a self-funded project called PINSON in which a 10-passengers supersonic concept-plane is developed with an aim of reducing consumption, sonic boom and take-off noise, and EU-Project SENECA aiming at providing
insights on i) achievable noise levels during takeoff and landing and ii) global climate impact of supersonic aircraft. In both project, the semi-empirical models developed by Stone et al. have been identified as valuable tools for predicting jet noise, which is assumed to be the main contributor
to supersonic aircraft noise at take-off. With an aim of extending the work initiated by Jaron et al. in the SENECA framework, ONERA applied Stone et al.'s models to various jet configurations to better understand their domain of validity. Ultimately, the objective is to use those models during
engine pre-sizing phase of PINSON project in which a low-noise nozzle equiped with chevrons will be optimized from a multidisciplinary point of view. The objectives of the paper are i) to present the results obtained by applying those models on the EXEJET configurations and ii) to discuss
the ability of the latest version of the model to predict chevrons acoustic impact.
A Kalman-filter based strategy for space-frequency force reconstruction
Authors: AUCEJO Mathieu
Published: October 2024

This contribution presents a Kalman filtering strategy for space-frequency reconstruction of mechanical sources. The proposed approach is based on the definition of an appropriate state-space model, where the state equation assumes that the force vector follows a random walk behavior,
while the observation equation is the classical linear relationship between the force and the measured response through the transfer function matrix of the considered structure. One of the main challenges of the proposed approach is the fine-tuning of the covariance matrix associated with
the process noise. In this work, it is estimated and adapted at each frequency during the filtering procedure. A numerical experiment is performed on a simply supported beam excited by a broadband point mechanical force to evaluate the reconstruction performance of the proposed approach. Further
comparisons with other regularization strategies are also proposed to provide a fair overview of the results obtained.
Objective and subjective assessment of PET felt recycled panels as an acoustic treatment in the meeting rooms
Authors: YILMAZER Semiha , KESECI Tuba , FASLLIJA Ela
Published: October 2024

This study presents the performance of the PET-felt recycled panels for the room acoustic treatment. As the objective parameters, Reverberation Time (RT) and Speech Transmission Index (STI) were measured with B&K DIRAC, an omnidirectional loudspeaker, and power amplifier in the
meeting room at the Department of Interior Design, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, before the acoustic treatment. Following ISO 12913-2 Method A, Perceived Affective Quality (PQA), Appropriateness, and Assessment of the Acoustic Environment were measured. Fifteen participants who were
occupants of the meeting room were selected for the questionnaire survey to be conducted using the snowball method. The findings showed that the reverberation time was five seconds at 1 kHz, which is insufficient, and the acoustic quality could have been better for the speech-purpose room.
PET-felt recycled acoustic panels were applied to the ceiling and walls as a solution. After the acoustic treatments, all procedures were repeated with the same. The results showed that significant improvements have been provided in both objective and subjective assessments. RT was in the
optimum range. The participants found the meeting room with PET-felt recycled panels more pleasant and eventful after the acoustic treatment.
1-bit absorption-diffusion acoustic coding metasurface
Authors: CAO Wenkang
Published: October 2024

Acoustic metasurfaces demonstrate unprecedented potential for flexible capabilities of the acoustic wavefront manipulation. Especially, acoustic diffusers and absorbers via acoustic metasurfaces have garnered significant attention of researchers due to the excellent performance. However,
although these diffusers and absorbers have achieved excellent acoustic scattering suppression, it still remains a significant challenge to obtain higher scattering suppression. Here, a 1-bit absorption-diffusion acoustic coding metasurface (ADM) is proposed, which can achieve high-performance
acoustic backward scattering reduction in the operating frequency by combining the advantages of acoustic diffusers and absorbers. In order to realize the proposed ADM, two kinds of subwavelength dual-layer unit cells with opposite reflection phases and low amplitudes are introduced. Both
simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ADM can achieve the pre-designed backward acoustic scattering reduction. The proposed integrated mechanism can provide a new method for designing high-performance acoustic metasurfaces, which can have potential applications in
stealth technology, noise control and other relevant applications.
Improvement method for sound quality of pharyngeal speech by using Bayes' theorem
Authors: ORIMOTO Hisako , IKUTA Akira
Published: October 2024

In general, a speech signal can be measured by a microphone and a pharyngeal microphone etc.. However, speech signal measured by a microphone often contains the background noise. On the other hand, though a pharyngeal microphone is effective for background noise, it involves body conducted
noise. In this study, we propose an improvement method for sound quality of speech signal measured trough a pharyngeal microphone to achieve well the speech recognition. The relationship between the original speech signal and the speech measured by the pharyngeal microphone is not clear. Therefore,
we consider the relationship as multiplicative and additive models of the original speech signal and noise components with unknown parameters. An algorithm to estimate simultaneously the original speech signal and the unknown parameters is proposed by using Bayes' theorem based on the measured
speech through the pharyngeal microphone. Finally, a speech recognition experiment is conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Vibroacoustic behaviour of a sound cavity enclosed by an acoustic black hole beam
Authors: DENG Jie , GUASCH Oriol , MAXIT Laurent
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose a numerical approach to characterize the vibroacoustic coupling between a two-dimensional air cavity and an acoustic black hole (ABH) beam. Displacement variables expanded in terms of Gaussian basis functions are used for both the fluid and the solid, and the
coupling condition at the interface between the beam and the cavity is imposed following the null space method (NSM). The approach turns out to be free of numerical instabilities. Concerning the simulations, it is shown that the noise inside the cavity is significantly reduced when the excitation
is exerted on the ABH beam as compared to a uniform one. However, if a sound source is placed inside the cavity, no significant noise reduction is achieved by coupling the cavity to an ABH beam instead of a uniform one.
Pass-by noise regulation - Uncertainties reduction thanks to tire sound emission modelling
Authors: SCHMITT Thierry , DENOUAL Yannick , SIMONNIN Sylvain
Published: October 2024

The UN regulation R51-03 on vehicle sound emissions enters its third phase in July 2024, with the challenging level of 68 dB(A) to achieve for most of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. The Lurban indicator, as calculated in the regulation, is a weighted average of acceleration
and constant rolling speed tests. Thus, the tire sound emissions represent by far the first contributor to the vehicle compliance. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how tire sound changes under the effects of speed, acceleration, or temperature. In this paper, a study on tire sound behavior
is presented. It is based on repeated measurements of pass-by sound emissions of a set of tires, under various conditions of speed, acceleration, and ambient temperature. Among a huge variety of tire sound emission models, a regression algorithm is used to identify the model that fits the
best to the measured tire sound emissions data. This tire sound emission model is then used to foresee the impacts of Regulation R51-03 updates, aiming at reducing the uncertainties induced by temperature and test track discrepancies, by correcting the tire sound contribution. The effects
of this correction on the uncertainties can be anticipated by the model.
Sound event detection of passing trains using convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN)
Authors: BIGOT Alexis
Published: October 2024

Acoustic measurements near railway infrastructure typically involve precise identification and labelling of train passages in time series of noise measurements. The labelling of events is done manually by an acoustician, by cross-referencing several sources of information, such as train
timetable data, audio data, images and/or videos. In this paper, we present a method which automatically detects and labels the passage of trains in front of a microphone using a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN). The advantage of this type of model is that it can be trained using
existing data (time series of LAeq,1s and 1/3 octave band with a good labelling of passing trains); which has been widely available for a number of years. The results are promising if limited to binary classification but would require further development if the aim included the recognition
and categorisation of various train types.
Reflectivity characterization of in-flow acoustic floor treatment for the NASA Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel
Authors: ZAWODNY Nikolas , PASCIONI Kyle , LIND Andrew , GALLES Matthew , STUTZ Colin , HOUSTON Mary
Published: October 2024

An experimental campaign was performed to assess acoustic modifications to the NASA Langley Research Center 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel. Recent acoustic testing campaigns in this facility have emphasized the reduction of aerodynamic noise due to flow scrubbing across acoustically
treated floor baskets. However, the measures implemented to address this noise contaminant have resulted in the installation of floor basket coverings of high acoustic reflectivity. Therefore, a controlled testing campaign was performed to identify a suitable acoustic basket configuration
in terms of both acoustic absorptivity and reduced flow scrubbing noise. This testing campaign was conducted in two phases: the first in an anechoic chamber facility on a single acoustic basket panel to identify a notional configuration of acceptable absorptivity, and the second in a complete
floor basket installation checkout test in the NASA Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel. Results show that the newly implemented floor treatment exhibits suitable performance in both desired categories of acoustic absorptivity and reduced flow scrubbing noise. This campaign has also validated
the effectiveness and usefulness of the anechoic chamber test configuration as a means of assessing acoustic reflections at oblique angles of incidence.
Multimodal Hong Kong: Documenting soundscape and smellscape at places of intangible cultural heritage
Authors: LINDBORG PerMagnus , ALETTA Francesco , YUE Ran , XIAO Jieling , LIEW Kongmeng , MATSUDA Yudai , LAM Lok Him , WEI Lishan , JIANG Qianxi
Published: October 2024

The sensory cultural heritage creates identity and cohesion in a community. The Multimodal Hong Kong (MMHK) started in January 2023 and aims to build a database of soundscape and smellscape at culturally significant sites. This paper will introduce the project and its objectives, present
results from a pilot survey, and describe the development of a field work methodology. Data collection methods include Ambisonics audio, 360 video, and 'smellprints', together with on-site observations based on the Soundscape Indices survey protocol and the Dravnieks-McGinley-Zarzo 'smell
atlas'. Currently having data from 20 sites, MMHK aims to reach 100 within the project's duration, as well as conduct outreach such as sensory walks, interviews, and workshops with stakeholders. The overall goal is to produce in-depth knowledge of how information, via multiple sensory modalities,
constitute the perceived quality of places, and thence, how an intangible cultural heritage emerges in Hong Kong. This knowledge will enable future research and applications in urban spatial design, experiencescape, and virtual tourism.