bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional streaming flow in confined geometries
Authors: Rallabandi Bhargav , Marin Alvaro , Rossi Massimiliano , Kähler Christian J. , Hilgenfeldt Sascha
Published: July 2015

Steady streaming vortex flow from microbubbles has been developed into a versatile tool for microfluidic sample manipulation. For ease of manufacture and quantitative control, set-ups have focused on approximately two-dimensional flow geometries based on semi-cylindrical bubbles. The present work demonstrates how the necessary flow confinement perpendicular to the cylinder axis gives rise to non-trivial three-dimensional flow components. This is an important effect in applications such as sorting and micromixing. Using asymptotic theory and numerical integration of fluid trajectories, it is shown that the two-dimensional flow dynamics is modified in two ways: (i) the vortex motion is punctuated by bursts of strong axial displacement near the bubble, on time scales smaller than the vortex period; and (ii) the vortex trajectories drift over time scales much longer than the vortex period, forcing fluid particles onto three-dimensional paths of toroidal topology. Both effects are verified experimentally by quantitative comparison with astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry (APTV) measurements of streaming flows. It is further shown that the long-time flow patterns obey a Hamiltonian description that is applicable to general confined Stokes flows beyond microstreaming.
Spatiotemporal measurement of surfactant distribution on gravity–capillary waves
Authors: Strickland Stephen L. , Shearer Michael , Daniels Karen E.
Published: July 2015

Materials adsorbed onto the surface of a fluid – for instance, crude oil, biogenic slicks or industrial/medical surfactants – will move in response to surface waves. Owing to the difficulty of non-invasive measurement of the spatial distribution of a molecular monolayer, little is known about the dynamics that couple the surface waves and the evolving density field. Here, we report measurements of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the density field of an insoluble surfactant driven by gravity–capillary waves in a shallow cylindrical container. Standing Faraday waves and travelling waves generated by the meniscus are superimposed to create a non-trivial surfactant density field. We measure both the height field of the surface using moiré imaging, and the density field of the surfactant via the fluorescence of NBD-tagged phosphatidylcholine, a lipid. Through phase averaging stroboscopically acquired images of the density field, we determine that the surfactant accumulates on the leading edge of the travelling meniscus waves and in the troughs of the standing Faraday waves. We fit the spatiotemporal variations in the two fields using an ansatz consisting of a superposition of Bessel functions, and report measurements of the wavenumbers and energy damping factors associated with the meniscus and Faraday waves, as well as the spatial and temporal phase shifts between them. While these measurements are largely consistent for both types of waves and both fields, it is notable that the damping factors for height and surfactant in the meniscus waves do not agree. This raises the possibility that there is a contribution from longitudinal waves in addition to the gravity–capillary waves.
Transport of a dilute active suspension in pressure-driven channel flow
Authors: Ezhilan Barath , Saintillan David
Published: July 2015

Confined suspensions of active particles show peculiar dynamics characterized by wall accumulation, as well as upstream swimming, centreline depletion and shear trapping when a pressure-driven flow is imposed. We use theory and numerical simulations to investigate the effects of confinement and non-uniform shear on the dynamics of a dilute suspension of Brownian active swimmers by incorporating a detailed treatment of boundary conditions within a simple kinetic model where the configuration of the suspension is described using a conservation equation for the probability distribution function of particle positions and orientations, and where particle–particle and particle–wall hydrodynamic interactions are neglected. Based on this model, we first investigate the effects of confinement in the absence of flow, in which case the dynamics is governed by a swimming Péclet number, or ratio of the persistence length of particle trajectories over the channel width, and a second swimmer-specific parameter whose inverse measures the strength of propulsion. In the limit of weak and strong propulsion, asymptotic expressions for the full distribution function are derived. For finite propulsion, analytical expressions for the concentration and polarization profiles are also obtained using a truncated moment expansion of the distribution function. In agreement with experimental observations, the existence of a concentration/polarization boundary layer in wide channels is reported and characterized, suggesting that wall accumulation in active suspensions is primarily a kinematic effect that does not require hydrodynamic interactions. Next, we show that application of a pressure-driven Poiseuille flow leads to net upstream swimming of the particles relative to the flow, and an analytical expression for the mean upstream velocity is derived in the weak-flow limit. In stronger imposed flows, we also predict the formation of a depletion layer near the channel centreline, due to cross-streamline migration of the swimming particles towards high-shear regions where they become trapped, and an asymptotic analysis in the strong-flow limit is used to obtain a scale for the depletion layer thickness and to rationalize the non-monotonic dependence of the intensity of depletion upon flow rate. Our theoretical predictions are all shown to be in excellent agreement with finite-volume numerical simulations of the kinetic model, and are also supported by recent experiments on bacterial suspensions in microfluidic devices.
How Many Pigs Were on Noah's Ark? An Exegetical Encounter on the Nature of Impurity
Authors: Blidstein Moshe
Published: July 2015

Commentators have long noted that God's commandment to Noah to bring all animals onto the ark exists in two intertwined versions in the biblical text. In the first version, Noah is told to bring two of every species: “And of every living thing, of all flesh, you shall bring two of every kind into the ark, to keep them alive with you; they shall be male and female” (Gen 6:19nrsv). In the second version, however, the animal kingdom is divided into pure and impure species: “Take with you seven pairs of all pure animals, the male and its mate; and a pair of the animals that are not pure, the male and its mate; and seven pairs of the birds of the air also, male and female, to keep their kind alive on the face of all the earth” (Gen 7:2–3). Noah then sacrifices some of the pure animals and birds after the flood (Gen 8:20).
The three institutionalisms and institutional dynamics: understanding endogenous and exogenous change
Authors: Koning Edward Anthony
Published: July 2015

Although new institutionalism has long been criticised for presenting overly static accounts of social reality, that critique is becoming increasingly unwarranted. In recent years, historical, ideational and rational choice institutionalists have produced a rich body of literature on mechanisms and processes of institutional change. This article reviews this emerging literature and concludes that the most promising avenue for future research is to further explore the potential for combining insights from the three subtypes of institutionalism. In the hopes of encouraging future studies of institutional change to engage more explicitly in theoretical integration, this article proposes a sequential approach to combining insights from different traditions and providing comprehensive accounts of exogenous and endogenous processes of institutional change.
Resilience among old Sami women
Authors: ALÉX LENA
Published: July 2015

There is lack of research on old indigenous women's experiences. The aim of this study was to explore how old women narrate their experiences of wellbeing and lack of wellbeing using the salutogenetic concept of resilience. Interviews from nine old Sami women were analysed according to grounded theory with the following themes identified: contributing to resilience and wellbeing built up from the categories feeling connected, feeling independent and creating meaning; and contributing to lack of lack of resilience and wellbeing built up from the category experiencing lack of connectedness. The old Sami women's narratives showed that they were to a high extent resilient and experienced wellbeing. They felt both connected and independent and they were able to create meaning of being an old Sami woman. Having access to economic and cultural capital were for the old Sami women valuable for experiencing resilience. Lack of resilience was expressed as experiences of discrimination, lack of connectedness and living on the border of the dominant society. Analysis of the Sami women's narratives can give wider perspectives on women's health and deepen the perspectives on human resilience and increase the understanding of minority groups in a multicultural world.
Computing with lambda-terms: A special issue dedicated to Corrado Böhm for his 90th birthday
Authors: GUERRINI STEFANO , BARENDRENGT HENK , PIPERNO ADOLFO
Published: July 2015

We are very proud and honoured to dedicate this volume to Corrado Böhm, who has been for us a teacher, mentor, colleague, and friend. But most of all, he was a brilliant role-model to follow.
Pedigree analysis of the Afrikaner cattle breed
Authors: Pienaar L. , Neser F.W.C. , Grobler J.P. , Scholtz M.M. , MacNeil M.D.
Published: July 2015

The reduction of genetic variability in beef cattle has been extensively researched on a global scale. However, the genetic variability and inbreeding of indigenous cattle breeds of Southern Africa, referred to as Sanga cattle, has been less well characterized. Breeds of Sanga cattle include Afrikaner, Drakensberger and Nguni breeds. In recent years, the number of Afrikaner cattle and herds has decreased. Our objective was to determine the mean level of inbreeding (F), effective population size (Ne) and generation intervals of Afrikaner cattle using their recorded pedigree. A total of 244 718 records extending from 1940 until 2011 were analysed. The average inbreeding coefficient was 1.83 percent and the effective population size was 167.54. The average generation interval was calculated as 6.6 ± 3.9 years. Pedigree analysis on the Afrikaner cattle population yielded levels of inbreeding that appear to be both acceptable and manageable. By implication, the largeNeresults in a low rate of change inF. Current results study can be utilized by farmers and the breeders’ society to conserve the Afrikaner and utilize the breed to its full potential in the era of climate change.
Stimulus Modality and Smoking Behavior: Moderating Role of Implicit Attitudes
Authors: Ezeh Valentine C. , Mefoh Philip
Published: July 2015

This study investigated whether stimulus modality influences smoking behavior among smokers in South Eastern Nigeria and also whether implicit attitudes moderate the relationship between stimulus modality and smoking behavior. 60 undergraduate students of University of Nigeria, Nsukka were used. Participants were individually administered the IAT task as a measure of implicit attitude toward smoking and randomly assigned into either image condition that paired images of cigarette with aversive images of potential health consequences or text condition that paired images of cigarette with aversive texts of potential health consequences. A one- predictor and one-moderator binary logistic analysis indicates that stimulus modality significantly predicts smoking behavior (p = < .05) with those in the image condition choosing not to smoke with greater probability than the text condition. The interaction between stimulus modality and IAT scores was also significant (p = < .05). Specifically, the modality effect was larger for participants in the image group who held more negative implicit attitudes towards smoking. The finding shows the urgent need to introduce the use of aversive images of potential health consequences on cigarette packs in Nigeria.
Large-scale genomics unveil polygenic architecture of human cortical surface area
Authors: Chen Chi-Hua , Peng Qian , Schork Andrew J. , Lo Min-Tzu , Fan Chun-Chieh , Wang Yunpeng , Desikan Rahul S. , Bettella Francesco , Hagler Donald J. ,   Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics Study, McCabe Connor , Chang Linda , Akshoomoff Natacha , Newman Erik , Ernst Thomas , Van Zijl Peter , Kuperman Joshua , Murray Sarah , Bloss Cinnamon , Appelbaum Mark , Gamst Anthony , Thompson Wesley , Bartsch Hauke ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Weiner Michael , Aisen Paul , Petersen Ronald , Jack Jr Clifford R. , Jagust William , Trojanowki John Q. , Toga Arthur W. , Beckett Laurel , Green Robert C. , Saykin Andrew J. , Morris John , Shaw Leslie M. , Khachaturian Zaven , Sorensen Greg , Carrillo Maria , Kuller Lew , Raichle Marc , Paul Steven , Davies Peter , Fillit Howard , Hefti Franz , Holtzman Davie , Mesulman M. Marcel , Potter William , Snyder Peter J. , Schwartz Adam , Montine Tom , Thomas Ronald G. , Donohue Michael , Walter Sarah , Gessert Devon , Sather Tamie , Jiminez Gus , Harvey Danielle , Bernstein Matthew , Fox Nick , Thompson Paul , Schuff Norbert , DeCarli Charles , Borowski Bret , Gunter Jeff , Senjem Matt , Vemuri Prashanthi , Jones David , Kantarci Kejal , Ward Chad , Koeppe Robert A. , Foster Norm , Reiman Eric M. , Chen Kewei , Mathis Chet , Landau Susan , Cairns Nigel J. , Householder Erin , Taylor-Reinwald Lisa , Lee Virginia M.Y. , Korecka Magdalena , Figurski Michal , Crawford Karen , Neu Scott , Foroud Tatiana M. , Potkin Steven , Shen Li , Faber Kelley , Kim Sungeun , Nho Kwangsik , Thal Leon , Frank Richard , Buckholtz Neil , Albert Marilyn , Hsiao John , Westlye Lars T. , Kremen William S. , Jernigan Terry L. , Hellard Stephanie Le , Steen Vidar M. , Espeseth Thomas , Huentelman Matt , Håberg Asta K. , Agartz Ingrid , Djurovic Srdjan , Andreassen Ole A. , Schork Nicholas , Dale Anders M.
Published: July 2015

Little is known about how genetic variation contributes to neuroanatomical variability, and whether particular genomic regions comprising genes or evolutionarily conserved elements are enriched for effects that influence brain morphology. Here, we examine brain imaging and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data from ∼2,700 individuals. We show that a substantial proportion of variation in cortical surface area is explained by additive effects of SNPs dispersed throughout the genome, with a larger heritable effect for visual and auditory sensory and insular cortices (h2∼0.45). Genome-wide SNPs collectively account for, on average, about half of twin heritability across cortical regions (N=466 twins). We find enriched genetic effects in or near genes. We also observe that SNPs in evolutionarily more conserved regions contributed significantly to the heritability of cortical surface area, particularly, for medial and temporal cortical regions. SNPs in less conserved regions contributed more to occipital and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices.
Lilac and honeysuckle phenology data 1956–2014
Authors: Rosemartin Alyssa H. , Denny Ellen G. , Weltzin Jake F. , Lee Marsh R. , Wilson Bruce E. , Mehdipoor Hamed , Zurita-Milla Raul , Schwartz Mark D.
Published: July 2015

The dataset is comprised of leafing and flowering data collected across the continental United States from 1956 to 2014 for purple common lilac (Syringa vulgaris), a cloned lilac cultivar(S. x chinensis‘Red Rothomagensis’) and two cloned honeysuckle cultivars (Lonicera tatarica‘Arnold Red’ andL. korolkowii‘Zabeli’). Applications of this observational dataset range from detecting regional weather patterns to understanding the impacts of global climate change on the onset of spring at the national scale. While minor changes in methods have occurred over time, and some documentation is lacking, outlier analyses identified fewer than 3% of records as unusually early or late. Lilac and honeysuckle phenology data have proven robust in both model development and climatic research.
Brain Performance versus Phase Transitions
Authors: Torres Joaquín J. , Marro J.
Published: July 2015

We here illustrate how a well-founded study of the brain may originate in assuming analogies with phase-transition phenomena. Analyzing to what extent a weak signal endures in noisy environments, we identify the underlying mechanisms and it results a description of how the excitability associated to (non-equilibrium) phase changes and criticality optimizes the processing of the signal. Our setting is a network ofintegrate-and-firenodes in which connections are heterogeneous with rapid time-varying intensities mimickingfatigueandpotentiation. Emergence then becomes quite robust against wiring topology modification—in fact, we considered from a fully connected network to the Homo sapiens connectome—showing the essential role of synaptic flickering on computations. We also suggest how to experimentally disclose significant changes during actual brain operation.
Switching Behaviors of Graphene-Boron Nitride Nanotube Heterojunctions
Authors: Parashar Vyom , Durand Corentin P. , Hao Boyi , Amorim Rodrigo G. , Pandey Ravindra , Tiwari Bishnu , Zhang Dongyan , Liu Yang , Li An-Ping , Yap Yoke Khin
Published: July 2015

High electron mobility of graphene has enabled their application in high-frequency analogue devices but their gapless nature has hindered their use in digital switches. In contrast, the structural analogous, h-BN sheets and BN nanotubes (BNNTs) are wide band gap insulators. Here we show that the growth of electrically insulating BNNTs on graphene can enable the use of graphene as effective digital switches. These graphene-BNNT heterojunctions were characterized at room temperature by four-probe scanning tunneling microscopy (4-probe STM) under real-time monitoring of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A switching ratio as high as 105 at a turn-on voltage as low as 0.5 V were recorded. Simulation by density functional theory (DFT) suggests that mismatch of the density of states (DOS) is responsible for these novel switching behaviors.
Conversion of 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4’-N’-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) from a Simple Optical Material to a Versatile Optoelectronic Material
Authors: Xu Xiangdong , Sun Ziqiang , Fan Kai , Jiang Yadong , Huang Rui , Wen Yuejiang , He Qiong , Ao Tianhong
Published: July 2015

4-N,N-dimethylamino-4’-N’-methyl-stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) is an important optical material, but its poor conductivity limits applications in devices. To tackle this problem, we designed, prepared and systematically investigated novel binary composite films that are composed of two-dimensional (2D) DAST and 2D graphene. Results indicate that both electrical and optical properties of DAST can be significantly improved by graphene addition. The negative steric effects of big DAST molecules that greatly trouble ex-situ synthesis can be efficiently overcome by in-situ synthesis, thus leading to better film quality and higher physical properties. Consequently, the in-situ composite film exhibits a low sheet resistance of 7.5 × 106 ohm and high temperature coefficient of resistance of −2.79% K−1, close to the levels of the most important bolometric materials for uncooled infrared detectors. Particularly, a new low temperature reduction of graphene oxide induced by DAST, which is further enhanced by in-situ process, was discovered. This work presents valuable information about the DAST–graphene composite films, their chemical structures, mechanisms, physical properties and comparison on in-situ and ex-situ syntheses of graphene–based composites, all of which will be helpful for not only theoretically studying the DAST and graphene materials and expanding their applications, but also for seeking new optoelectronic sensitive materials.
Mechanochemical and solution-based cocrystallization of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone and thiourea
Authors: Nemec Vinko , Škvorc Nikola , Cinčić Dominik
Published: July 2015

We have synthesized the first known cocrystal of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone utilizing both liquid-assisted mechanochemical synthesis and crystallization from a solution.
Automated, high-throughput serum glycoprofiling platform
Authors: Stöckmann H. , O'Flaherty R. , Adamczyk B. , Saldova R. , Rudd P. M.
Published: July 2015

Automated glycoprofiling platform for serum analysis: biomarker discovery, analysis of clinical samples and biopharmaceuticals.
Cluster-based metal–organic frameworks as sensitive and selective luminescent probes for sensing nitro explosives
Authors: Hu Xiao-Li , Qin Chao , Wang Xin-Long , Shao Kui-Zhan , Su Zhong-Min
Published: July 2015

Employing a C3 symmetric ligand, one new cluster-based MOF [Cd2.5Na(NTB)2(DMF)4]·3DMF (1) has been successfully obtained. The results reveal that compound 1 could be applied as a fluorescence sensor for TNP with high sensitivity and selectivity.
The antioxidant mechanism of nitroxide TEMPO: scavenging with glutathionyl radicals
Authors: Yu Hui , Cao Linying , Li Feifei , Wu Qingfeng , Li Qiang , Wang Shuai , Guo Yong
Published: July 2015

A rhodamine-nitroxide probe (R-NO˙) was introduced to probe glutathionyl radicals (GS˙) with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Crystallization behavior of functional polypropylene grafted graphene oxide nanocomposite
Authors: Zhang Cai-Liang , Wang Tao-Tao , Gu Xue-Ping , Feng Lian-Fang
Published: July 2015

With an aim to understand a role of grafted graphene oxide (GO) in crystallization process of polymer, isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of a functional polypropylene grafted GO nanocomposite were investigated systematically.
The one-step oxidation of methanol to dimethoxymethane over sulfated vanadia–titania catalysts: influence of calcination temperature
Authors: Guo Heqin , Li Debao , Chen Congbiao , Jia Litao , Hou Bo
Published: July 2015

The highest methanol conversion was obtained on catalysts calcined at 723 and 773 K.
Modulation of the stability of i-motif structures using an acyclic threoninol cytidine derivative
Authors: Pérez-Rentero Sonia , Gargallo Raimundo , González Carlos , Eritja Ramon
Published: July 2015

The effect of aTNA (acyclic threoninol nucleic acids) units on the stability of intramolecular i-motifs was investigated by spectroscopic techniques.
Hollow microtubes made of carbon, boron and gold: novel semiconducting nanocomposite material for applications in electrochemistry and temperature sensing
Authors: Paczesny J. , Wybrańska K. , Niedziółka-Jönsson J. , Roźniecka E. , Wadowska M. , Zawal P. , Malka I. , Dzięcielewski I. , Prochowicz D. , Hołyst R. , Fiałkowski M.
Published: July 2015

Novel semiconducting material is synthesized and applied for construction of NTC thermistor and functionalization of working electrodes. It has a form of carbon microtubes coated with a shell of inorganic nanocomposite.
A fluorophosphate glass–ceramic electrolyte with superior ionic conductivity and stability for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Ni Yiwen , Zheng Ruilin , Tan Xiaowen , Yue Weiyan , Lv Peng , Yang Jie , Song Dan , Yu Kehan , Wei Wei
Published: July 2015

A new fluorophosphate (Na2O + NaF)–TiO2–B2O3–P2O5–ZrF4 (NTBPZ) glass and glass–ceramic have Na-ion conductivities up to 7 × 10−9 S cm−1 and 3 × 10−5 S cm−1, respectively. Na-ion conductivity improves due to formation of conductive phase NaTi2(PO4)3.
Poly(ethylene oxide)-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xue Zhigang , He Dan , Xie Xiaolin
Published: July 2015

This article reviews PEO-based electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries.
Towards three-dimensional hierarchical ZnO nanofiber@Ni(OH)2 nanoflake core–shell heterostructures for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Niu Hao , Zhou Dan , Yang Xue , Li Xin , Wang Qian , Qu Fengyu
Published: July 2015

Three-dimensional hierarchical ZnO@Ni(OH)2 core–shell heterostructures are fabricated by an electrospinning method combined with a hydrothermal approach and exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance.
Scaling of correlation length in lamellae forming PS-b-PMMA thin films upon high temperature rapid thermal treatments
Authors: Ceresoli M. , Volpe F. G. , Seguini G. , Antonioli D. , Gianotti V. , Sparnacci K. , Laus M. , Perego M.
Published: July 2015

Highly ordered lamellar grains were produced by thermal treatment of the samples in a rapid thermal processing machine. The processing parameters that maximize the lateral order avoiding any degradation of the macromolecules were identified.
Hole mobility of 3.56 cm2V−1s−1accomplished using more extended dithienothiophene with furan flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole polymer
Authors: Sonar Prashant , Chang Jingjing , Shi Zugui , Gann Eliot , Li Jun , Wu Jishan , McNeill Christopher R.
Published: July 2015

A highly extended dithienothiophene comonomer building block was used in combination with highly fused aromatic furan substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole for the synthesis of novel donor–acceptor alternating copolymerPDPPF-DTT.
New type 12/14 bearingless switched reluctance motor with double windings
Authors: Wang Huijun , Xue Bingkun , Tang Shaofei
Published: July 2015

In this paper, a new type 12/14 bearingless switched reluctance motor with double windings is presented. The stator includes two types of poles such as suspending pole and torque pole. Different from the previous 8/10 structure, double windings including bias winding and control winding are installed on the same suspending pole. In addition, in order to reduce the coupling between torque and levitation force, the stator torque poles are shifted with one angle. Windings of two adjacent torque poles are connected in series. Therefore in order to explain advantages of proposed motor, structure and basic operating principle are introduced. In the meanwhile, levitation force is derived by means of equivalent magnetic circuit. The force characteristics with respect to current and displacement are analysed. In addition, by means of finite element analysis, coupling characteristic and self‐starting characteristic are investigated. The validity of the structure is verified by the analysis and experimental results.
Accurate three-dimensional shape and deformation measurement at microscale using digital image correlation
Authors: Ren Maodong , Liang Jin , Li Leigang , Wei Bin , Wang Lizhong , Tang Zhengzong
Published: July 2015

Based on stereomicroscope and three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation (DIC) method, a non-contact measurement technique is presented to measure the 3D shape and deformation data on miniature specimens and the corresponding microscopic measurement system is developed. A pair of cameras is mounted on a binocular stereo light microscope to acquire pairing micrographs from two different optical paths of a specimen surface spraying with speckle pattern. Considering complex optical paths and high magnification, an accurate equivalent relative calibration method, combining a priori warping functions, is proposed to correct image distortions and optimize the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of stereomicroscope. Then, a fast one-dimensional synchronous stereo matching method, based on the DIC method and image rectification technique, is proposed to search for discontinuous corresponding points in the pairing micrographs. Finally, the 3D shape is reconstructed from the corresponding points, while the temporal micrographs acquired before and after deformation are employed to determine the full-field deformation. The effectiveness and accuracy of the presented microscale measurement technique are verified by a series of experiments.
Influences of the propyl group on the van der Waals structures of 4-propylaniline complexes with one and two argon atoms studied by electronic and cationic spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Zhijun , Gu Quanli , Trindle Carl O. , Knee J. L.
Published: July 2015

4-propylaniline complexes with one and two argon atoms formed in the molecular beam were studied in the first excited electronic state, S1, using resonance enhanced two-photon ionization spectroscopy and in the cation ground state, D0, using mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy. The combination of electronic and cationic spectra of the clusters allows two conformations to be identified in both aniline-Ar1 and aniline-Ar2, which are assigned to either the gauche configuration or anti-configuration of 4-propylaniline. The gauche isomer exhibits complex bands shifted 29 cm−1 and 89 cm−1 from the S1 origin bands and 83 cm−1 and 148 cm−1 from the ionization potential assigned to the Ar1 and Ar2 complexes, respectively. For the anti-rotamer, the corresponding shifts actually become nearly additive, 53 cm−1 and 109 cm−1 for the S1 origin bands, and 61 cm−1 and 125 cm−1 for the ionization potentials. Ab initio calculations provide insights into the influences of the propyl and amino groups on the positions of the argon atoms within the clusters. In addition, the binding energy of one argon with the gauche isomer of 4-propylaniline has been measured to be 550 ± 5 cm−1 in the D0 state, 496 ± 5 cm−1 in the S1 state, and 467 ± 5 cm−1 in the neutral ground state, S0.
Ferromagnetic MnGaN thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for spintronics applications
Authors: Lee Hwachol , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Liu Jun , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Kasai Shinya , Mitani Seiji , Hono Kazuhiro
Published: July 2015

Perpendicularly magnetized flat thin films of antiperovskite Mn67Ga24N9 were grown on an MgO(001) substrate by reactive sputtering using an argon/1% nitrogen gas mixture and a Mn70Ga30 target. The films showed a saturation magnetization of 80 –100 kA/m, an effective perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) energy of 0.1–0.2 MJ/m3, and a Curie temperature of 660–740 K. Upon increasing the N composition, the films transformed from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic as expected in the stoichiometric Mn3GaN phase. Point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy revealed that the ferromagnetic MnGaN has a current spin polarization of 57%, which is comparable to D022-MnGa. These findings suggest that MnGaN is a promising PMA layer for future spintronics devices.
Victims of Care Drain and Transnational Partnering?
Authors: Bahna Miloslav
Published: July 2015

The paper studies Slovak female elder care workers in Austria. It evaluates the relevance of the care drain metaphor using a representative survey of the carers. It asks two sets of questions: (1) How widespread is the care drain phenomenon? Does migration of elder care workers create care shortages in Slovakia? (2) How do care workers evaluate their employment setting? Is it influenced by experiencing care drain and/or transnational partnering? The higher average age of the care workers means that only a minority has small children in Slovakia. The potential for care drain is therefore limited. Moreover, very few have elderly family members in need of care. On the other hand, most live with partners in Slovakia, so transnational partnering problems could be expected. The average job evaluation of the care workers is highly positive and comparably more enthusiastic than job assessment of women employed in Slovakia. Care workers with small children or partners in Slovakia do not provide a less positive evaluation of the job or its impact on relationships within their families. However, higher earnings and relatively good health of the patient influence the evaluation positively. This focus on earnings and work conditions indicates that care work is probably more similar to other forms of labour migration than anticipated by the current approaches to female migration flows. Indices suggest that these findings could be valid beyond the studied case. A cautious application of the care drain metaphor in intra-EU migration where living standards between countries are not as divergent as between post industrial societies of the West and the Third world is advised.
Do psychological capital and work engagement foster frontline employees’ satisfaction?
Authors: Karatepe Osman M. , Karadas Georgiana
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to develop and test a conceptual model that investigates the effect of psychological capital on job, career and life satisfaction, mediated by work engagement, drawing from the conservation of resources theory and the motivational process of the job demands-resources model.

Design/methodology/approach

– Based on data gathered from frontline employees in the international five- and four-star chain hotels with a time lag of two weeks in three waves in Romania, the relationships in the conceptual model were gauged through structural equation modeling. Self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience were treated as the indicators of psychological capital.

Findings

– The results suggest that optimism appears to be the best indicator of psychological capital, followed by resilience, self-efficacy and hope. Employees with high psychological capital are engaged in their work at elevated levels. Employees high in psychological capital are more satisfied with their job, career and life. The results reported in this study further suggest that psychological capital boosts work engagement that in turn leads to job, career and life satisfaction.

Practical implications

– The presence of rigorous selective staffing enables management to select a pool of employees high in psychological capital and work engagement. Inviting applicants to fill out an online questionnaire to identify their knowledge and skills and then using specific experiential exercises or short case studies to understand their tactics for handling service encounters can serve this purpose. Management can utilize the psychological capital questionnaire during and after the selection process. The availability of a resourceful work environment where there are training, empowerment, rewards and career opportunities is likely to stimulate employees’ positive emotions that in turn relate to psychological capital.

Originality/value

– Very little is known about psychological capital in the hospitality management literature. Therefore, this paper fills in this void by linking psychological capital to employees’ job, career and life satisfaction through work engagement.
What you get is not what you saw: exploring the impacts of misleading hotel website photos
Authors: Kuo Pei-Jou , Zhang Lu , Cranage David A.
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– This research aims to investigate the impacts of misleading hotel website photos on consumers’ brand trust, emotional responses and negative word-of-mouth (WOM) intention. The magnitude of these impacts in different contexts was examined.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study employed a 2 (hotel segment: economy vs upscale) × 2 (expected product experience: hedonic vs utilitarian) scenario-based experimental design. A total of 240 consumers participated in this study.

Findings

– The study results show that, in the case of misleading hotel website photos, brand trust was lower for the upscale hotel. Consumers experienced greater anger and regret in the upscale hotel situation and were most angry if they stayed at an upscale hotel for a hedonic purpose. The eWOM intention was higher in the upscale hotel situation. In addition, it was found that hotel physical environment was more important for female and married consumers.

Research limitations/implications

– A hypothetical brand name was used in this study. Therefore, brand attitude changes and the influences of brand loyalty on consumers’ responses to misleading website photos were not examined.

Practical implications

– Upscale hotels and hotels that target leisure consumers need to make an effort to use truthful website photos and ensure that the physical environment is well maintained.

Originality/value

– No prior research investigated the impact of misleading hotel website photos. This research fills this gap in the hospitality literature.
Time-varying industry beta in Indian stock market and forecasting errors
Authors: Das Sudipta , Barai Parama
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to empirically estimate industry beta in Indian stock market with three alternative models and compare the accuracy of forecasting error to find the most suitable model for time-varying beta estimation.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper applies the standard regression model, Kalman filter model, other statistical approaches and secondary material.

Findings

– The paper finds that the existence of dynamic beta in Indian market. The results also indicate systematic risk or beta of Indian industries is susceptible to the global economic effect. Finally, the Kalman filter generates the lower forecasting error compared to the other method for almost all the industries.

Practical implications

– The accurate estimation of beta which is a measure of systematic risk helps investors to make investment decision easier. The implication of this result is important for finance practitioners such as portfolio managers, investment advisors and security analysts. This study will help to determine the country risk with respect to the global index and analyze the global financial market integration effect on India.

Originality/value

– This paper reliably estimate industry portfolio beta for India. The time-varying beta is estimated using Kalman filter method which is rarely applied in Indian literature. This paper contributes by extending the knowledge of existing literature by introducing a new data set with Indian data which is not affected by the “data snooping” bias. This study will also help to determine the country risk with respect to the global index and analyze the global financial market integration effect on India.
An examination of herding behavior in Pakistani stock market
Authors: Javaira Zuee , Hassan Arshad
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the investment behavior of Pakistani stock market participants, specifically with respect to their tendency to exhibit herd behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study employed two different methodologies suggested by Christie and Huang (1995) and Chang et al. (2000) to test herd formation. Results are based on daily and monthly stock of KSE-100 index for the period 2002-2007.

Findings

– Results based on daily and monthly stock data from Karachi Stock Exchange indicate the non-existence of herd behavior for the period 2002-2007 and find no support for the rational asset pricing model and investor behavior found inefficient. This study denied proved evidence of herding due to market return asymmetry, high and low trading volume states and asymmetric market volatility. Macroeconomic fundamentals have insignificant role in decision-making process of investor therefore has no impact on herding behavior. However, during liquidity crisis of March 2005, Pakistani stock market exhibit herding behavior due to asymmetry of information among investors, presence of speculator and questionable badla financing-local leverage financing mechanism.

Research limitations/implications

– In future, this study can be improved by employing stock returns portfolios based on market capitalization or sector wise portfolio returns from KSE-100. Furthermore by identifying those factors that cause market to be overall inefficient and define the pattern of the investor trading activities.

Practical implications

– For an accurate valuation of assets investors should incorporate the herding factor.

Social implications

– As the assets are mispriced, investor behavior is uncertain and markets are inefficient, foreign investors should invest with caution, as large numbers of securities are needed to achieve the same level of diversification than in an otherwise normal market.

Originality/value

– In Karachi Stock Exchange, it is first attempt to uncover the herding behavior. This paper contribute to the body of knowledge by investigating the herding behavior in the emerging markets since most of the previous study concentrate more on the developed markets. Furthermore, the study also analyzed the herding behavior in different economic condition and includes economic variables and examines asymmetric effect. This study presents an integrated model to test herding behavior in Pakistani equity market. Consideration of said behavioral effect in the decision-making process of investor will make the decisions more rational and optimal.
The relationship between individual investor sentiment, stock return and volatility
Authors: Sayim Mustafa , Rahman Hamid
Published: July 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of Turkish individual investor sentiment on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) and to investigate whether investor sentiment, stock return and volatility in Turkey are related.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study used the monthly Turkish Consumer Confidence Index, published by the Turkish Statistical Institute, as a proxy for individual investor sentiments. First, Turkish market fundamentals were regressed on investor sentiments in order to capture the effects of macroeconomic risk factors on investor sentiments. Then, it used the impulse response functions (IRFs) generated from the vector autoregression (VAR) model to examine the effect of unanticipated movements in Turkish investor sentiment to both stock returns and volatility of the ISE.

Findings

– The generalized IRFs from VAR shows that unexpected changes in rational and irrational investor sentiment have a significant positive impact on ISE returns. This suggests that a positive investor sentiment tends to increase ISE returns. The study also documents that unanticipated increase in the rational component of Turkish investor sentiment has a negative significant effect on ISE volatility. This might indicate that investors have optimistic expectations of the economy overall with respect to market fundamentals in Turkey. This optimism can result in creating positive expectations, reducing uncertainty, and reducing the volatility of stock market returns.

Research limitations/implications

– The study was applied only for the period 2004-2010 on the ISE stock returns and volatility.

Practical implications

– Regardless, investors should know the impact of irrational investor sentiments while establishing investment strategies. The results of this study may also help policy makers stabilize investor sentiments to reduce stock market volatility and uncertainty.

Originality/value

– This paper adds to the limited understanding of investor sentiment impact on stock return and volatility in an emerging market context.
Breastfeeding and asthma and allergies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lodge CJ , Tan DJ , Lau MXZ , Dai X , Tham R , Lowe AJ , Bowatte G , Allen KJ , Dharmage SC
Published: July 2015

Aim

To systematically review the association between breastfeeding and childhood allergic disease.

Methods

Predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria identified 89 articles from PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE databases. Meta‐analyses performed for categories of breastfeeding and allergic outcomes. Meta‐regression explored heterogeneity.

Results

More vs. less breastfeeding (duration) was associated with reduced risk of asthma for children (5–18 years), particularly in medium‐/low‐income countries and with reduced risk of allergic rhinitis ≤5 years, but this estimate had high heterogeneity and low quality. Exclusive breastfeeding for 3–4 months was associated with reduced risk of eczema ≤2 years (estimate principally from cross‐sectional studies of low methodological quality). No association found between breastfeeding and food allergy (estimate had high heterogeneity and low quality). Meta‐regression found differences between study outcomes may be attributable to length of breastfeeding recall, study design, country income and date of study inception. Some of the protective effect of breastfeeding for asthma may be related to recall bias in studies of lesser methodological quality.

Conclusion

There is some evidence that breastfeeding is protective for asthma (5–18 years). There is weaker evidence for a protective effect for eczema ≤2 years and allergic rhinitis ≤5 years of age, with greater protection for asthma and eczema in low‐income countries.
Characterisation and diachronous initiation of coarse clastic deposition in the Magallanes–Austral foreland basin, Patagonian Andes
Authors: Malkowski Matthew A. , Sharman Glenn R. , Graham Stephan A. , Fildani Andrea
Published: July 2015

Magallanes–Austral Basin (MAB) fill is preserved along a >1000 km north–south trending outcrop belt in the southern Patagonia region of Argentina and Chile. Although the stratigraphic evolution of the MAB has been well documented in the Chilean sector (referred to as the Magallanes Basin), its northern terminus in southern Argentina (Austral Basin) is poorly constrained. We present new stratigraphic and geochronologic analyses of the early basin fill (Aptian–Turonian) from the Argentine sector (49–51°S) of the MAB to document spatial variability in stratigraphy and timing of deposition during the initial stages of basin evolution. The initiation of the retroarc foreland basin fill is marked by the transition from mudstone to coarse‐clastic deposition, which is characterised by the consistent presence of sandstone beds > ca. 20 cm thick interpreted to represent sediment gravity flows deposited in a submarine fan system. Depositional environments within the early fill of the basin range from lower to upper deep‐water fan settings as well as previously undocumented slope deposits. These facies are present as far north as El Chalten, Argentina (ca. 49°S), indicating that facies‐equivalent rocks can be traced along‐strike for at least 5 degrees of latitude, based on correlation with strata as far south as the Cordillera Darwin (ca. 54°S). Eight new U‐Pb zircon ages from ash beds reveal an overall southward younging trend in the initiation of coarse clastic deposition. Inferred depositional ages range from ca. 115 ± 1.9 Ma in the northernmost study area to not older than 92 ± 1 Ma and 89 ± 1.5 Ma in the central and southern sectors respectively. The apparent diachronous delivery of coarse detritus into the basin may reflect (1) gradual southward progradation of a deep‐water fan system from a northerly point source and/or (2) orogen‐parallel variations in the timing and magnitude of thrust‐belt deformation and erosion that provided more local sources for sediment delivery.
Fiber Surfaces: Generalizing Isosurfaces to Bivariate Data
Authors: Carr Hamish , Geng Zhao , Tierny Julien , Chattopadhyay Amit , Knoll Aaron
Published: July 2015

Scientific visualization has many effective methods for examining and exploring scalar and vector fields, but rather fewer for bivariate fields. We report the first general purpose approach for the interactive extraction of geometric separating surfaces in bivariate fields. This method is based on fiber surfaces: surfaces constructed from sets of fibers, the multivariate analogues of isolines. We show simple methods for fiber surface definition and extraction. In particular, we show a simple and efficient fiber surface extraction algorithm based on Marching Cubes. We also show how to construct fiber surfaces interactively with geometric primitives in the range of the function. We then extend this to build user interfaces that generate parameterized families of fiber surfaces with respect to arbitrary polygons. In the special case of isovalue‐gradient plots, fiber surfaces capture features geometrically for quantitative analysis that have previously only been analysed visually and qualitatively using multi‐dimensional transfer functions in volume rendering. We also demonstrate fiber surface extraction on a variety of bivariate data.