bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong Limits on keV-Scale Galactic Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter with Stray Light from
NuSTAR
after 11 Years of Operation
Authors: Krivonos R. A. , Barinov V. V. , Mukhin A. A. , Gorbunov D. S.
Published: December 2024

Using tremendous photon statistics gained with the stray light aperture of the telescope over 11 years of operation, we set strong limits on the emission of close to monochromatic photons from the radiative decays of putative dark matter sterile neutrinos in the Milky Way. In the energy range of 3–20 keV covered by the , the obtained limits reach the bottom edge of theoretical predictions of realistic models where sterile neutrinos are produced in the early Universe. Only a small region is left to explore, if the sterile neutrinos form the entire dark matter component.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Examination of students’ quantum physics knowledge construction with peers and metacognitive evaluations
Authors: Didiş Körhasan Nilüfer , Pospiech Gesche
Published: December 2024

[This paper is part of the Focused Collection in Investigating and Improving Quantum Education through Research.] As one of the successful theories in physics, quantum physics, constructed out of physical ideas and expressed mathematically, provides the required information for the development of technology by describing atomic or quantum systems. For several reasons related to the characteristics of quantum physics knowledge, students struggle with understanding the concepts forcing them to change their classical thinking. However, previous research showed that discussing quantum physics phenomena with peers helped students in problem solving, improving understanding, and constructing quantum physics knowledge. In this study, we focused on students’ knowledge construction in several different quantum physics topics with peer discussions depending on the kind of quantum physics problems and group structure. Examination of students’ tests with 45 quantum physics problems and reflection reports for four sessions during the semester indicated that the occurrence of knowledge construction is associated with group size and gender composition but not with the kind of problems. The knowledge construction condition is also related to group size, and satisfaction with knowledge and disagreements in group discussions are important for the construction of quantum physics knowledge.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Useful or not? A review filtering system based on hybrid methods
Authors: Kim Jiho , Jang Youngjun , Seo Wongyeom , Lee Hongchul
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Information filtering systems serve as robust tools in the ongoing difficulties associated with overwhelming volumes of data. With constant generation and accumulation of reviews in online communities, the ability to distill and provide valuable insights to assist customers in their search for relevant information is of considerable significance. This study devised an effective review filtering system for a popular online physical experience review site.

Design/methodology/approach

This study entailed an investigation of a hybrid approach for a review filtering system augmented with various text mining-based operational variables to extract the linguistic signals of online reviews. Moreover, we devised three ensemble models based on multiple machine learning and deep learning algorithms to build a high-performance review filtering system.

Findings

The main findings confirm the effectiveness of using the derived operational variables when reviewing filtering systems. We found that the reviewer’s tendency and history macros, as well as the readability and sentiment of the reviews, contribute significantly to the filtering performance. Furthermore, the proposed three ensemble frameworks demonstrated good efficiency with an average accuracy of 89.39%.

Originality/value

This study provides a methodological blueprint for operationalizing variables in online reviews, covering both structured and unstructured datasets. Incorporating different variables enhances the efficiency of the algorithm and provides a more comprehensive understanding of user-generated content. Furthermore, the study affords a strategic perspective and integrated guidelines for developers seeking to create advanced review filtering systems.
Unequally prepared: a distributive equity study of local emergency management funding in Virginia, USA
Authors: Louis-Charles Hans , Derakhshan Sahar , Kalokoh Amidu , Brown Curtis , Starke Anthony
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Recent US federal executive orders have prioritized equity within the federal government, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has declared equity as a foundational pillar in their 2022–2026 Strategic Plan. This research study investigates the distributive equity of the most locally disseminated FEMA grant, the Emergency Management Performance Grant (EMPG).

Design/methodology/approach

The Commonwealth of Virginia was selected for our research study due to its exposure to natural hazards, recent disaster losses, variance among local emergency management programs, and high-profile political disputes against diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives. EMPG data from 2020 to 2023 were analyzed for correlations with social vulnerability (SoVI®), community resilience (BRIC), previous disaster losses (SHELDUS), and the National Risk Index (NRI). A difference of means test was conducted on the jurisdictions that opted out of participation in the EMPG.

Findings

Virginia’s current EMPG funding is allocated disproportionately to wealthier local jurisdictions with lower social vulnerability, higher community resilience, and lower previous disaster losses. Jurisdictions that opted-out or received the minimum amounts had a disproportionately higher amount of total disaster losses.

Originality/value

This study provides a novel approach to evaluating the equity of public funding dedicated to local disaster preparedness. The findings are instructive to federal lawmakers, state governments and global initiatives in climate resilience with a similar allocation process focused solely on population sizes. The framework of this research study is easily replicable, and the metrics are publicly available for future researchers.
Empowering female entrepreneurs through access to digital microfinance services
Authors: Wulandari Permata , Hj.Kassim Salina
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The concept of women’s empowerment is widely regarded as a crucial factor in facilitating the integration and involvement of women in the development process. The cornerstone of women’s empowerment is widely acknowledged to be social and political engagement coupled with economic independence. This research aims to contribute to understanding the effects of access to digital financial services by microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Indonesia on women empowerment, specifically focusing on women at the bottom of the economic pyramid. This empowerment is assessed through social, political and economic dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilizes logistic regression (LR) to examine the effect of access to microfinance digital financial services on the social, political and economic determinants of women’s empowerment. The analysis is based on the threshold theory of decision-making. The present research includes a sample of 1,644 female entrepreneurs, namely ultra-micro small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), actively participating in microfinance activities in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Nusa Tenggara Barat and Sulawesi Selatan.

Findings

The findings indicate a statistically significant effect between access to credit and the two variables under investigation, namely social and economic empowerment. However, no significant effect was seen between credit access and women’s empowerment. Following this, a positive effect has been identified between credit access and several aspects of women’s empowerment.

Research limitations/implications

The research establishes a framework and substantiates that women’s empowerment relies on economic autonomy, social engagement and political involvement. MFIs have been identified as significant contributors to this process. This will assist practitioners in formulating policy and implementing interventions to promote women’s empowerment, particularly in the context of digital microfinance. The results of this study will provide valuable insights for guiding future research endeavors in this field.

Originality/value

The work exhibits originality and serves as a valuable resource for those who recognize and appreciate its significance. This report is the first study to examine the correlation between female entrepreneurs’ access to digital MFIs and women’s empowerment dimensions.
Technology incubators as local gender regimes: performing entrepreneurial masculinities
Authors: Lindvert Marta , Breivik-Meyer Marit , Alsos Gry Agnete
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Acknowledging that technology incubators are gendered organizations, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how gender patterns, norms and practices of entrepreneurial masculinities are performed within technology incubators. Although incubators within the same country represent similar types of contexts, they also develop organizational variations. Local gender regimes, norms and actions within an incubator have implications for the type of entrepreneurs who are attracted to and feel included in a particular incubator.

Design/methodology/approach

Four Norwegian incubators were studied. Data was collected through interviews with incubator managers, and male and female entrepreneurs. The interview data was complemented with observations and analysis of webpages. To analyse data, we used a qualitative, inductive approach, where a thematic analysis helped us to create a framework of incubators as gendered organizations.

Findings

Building on Connell's (2006) four-dimension framework, we found that the studied incubators all perform gendered patterns, norms and practices, related to division of labour, relations of power, emotion and human relations as well as culture and symbolism. They facilitate and perform entrepreneurial masculinities in different ways, expressing both traditional and modern masculine ideals. We found several examples of how these masculine ideals and norms were dominating, with effects on both female and male founders and expressed through a variety of emotions.

Originality/value

This study contributes to literature on masculinities, by exploring the pluralities of masculinity within incubators as gendered regimes. Further, findings contribute to the understanding of incubators as gendered organizations.
Analyzing the influence of mandatory dividend distribution policy on capital allocation strategies
Authors: Mandleshwar Priya
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of the mandatory dividend distribution policy (MDDP) on capital allocation strategies, particularly focusing on research and development (R&D) and capital expenditure (Capex) strategies. The purpose is to understand how companies manage the delicate balance between distributing dividends to shareholders and allocating funds for internal growth. This research seeks to provide insights into the effects of the MDDP on innovation and growth within the context of developing markets like India.

Design/methodology/approach

The research utilizes a difference-in-differences (DID) methodology to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the MDDP on R&D and Capex allocation strategies. By categorizing Indian firms into treatment and control groups based on the introduction of the MDDP, the DID approach allows for analyzing the effects of the policy while accounting for external influences. This methodology ensures that the exogenous shock introduced by the MDDP approximates random assignment, ensuring the validity of the analysis. The study utilizes empirical data from the period 2012 to 2021 to explore how the MDDP influences a firm’s capital allocation decisions.

Findings

The empirical analysis validates the study’s hypothesis. Companies subject to the influence of the MDDP exhibit significant increases in their allocation of resources. Specifically, the affected firms allocate 2.99% more of their resources toward Capex and 0.070% more toward R&D in the post-MDDP period compared to non-affected firms. These findings indicate that the MDDP encourages companies to proactively enhance their operational capacities and invest in innovative initiatives. Furthermore, this effect is positively moderated by the increased presence of promoters on the corporate board.

Originality/value

To the author’s best understanding, this study represents the first attempt to explore the influence of MDDP and its impact on R&D and Capex using data from India.
Hearing faculty members’ voice: a gendered view on knowledge sharing
Authors: Hosseini Elahe , Foroudi Pantea , Ed-Dafali Slimane , Salamzadeh Aidin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The effects of gendered views on employee voice are of great importance for knowledge sharing within public universities. Yet, they are still neglected by current human resource management and entrepreneurship literature. While strengthening themselves by reinforcing the strengths and opportunities, public universities can generate entrepreneurial opportunities through various knowledge-sharing mechanisms, including social networks and employee voice. This became a crucial lever for public universities to leverage competitive advantages and to support entrepreneurial activities through network knowledge-based sharing. For this purpose, this study aims to examine the various aspects of entrepreneurship via the voice of employees, emphasizing the moderating effect of gender and the mediating role of social networks on the link between employee voice and the entrepreneurial atmosphere of universities.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected survey data from a cross-sectional sample of 335 employees engaged in entrepreneurship activities within public universities in an emerging economy context and analyzed the data using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with the Smart-PLS software.

Findings

The PLS-SEM analysis found that different dimensions of the university entrepreneurial climate (communication, knowledge sharing and innovative climate) positively impact members’ voices within public universities. This effect is amplified by social networks, which are crucial for spreading knowledge among faculty, thereby fostering a more open and collaborative academic environment.

Research limitations/implications

When acting, the university top management team should encourage the generation and dissemination of entrepreneurial ideas to nurture a dynamic entrepreneurial atmosphere and social involvement, ultimately supporting sustainable competitive advantages through a culture of strategic knowledge sharing. The results have practical implications for university managers, entrepreneurship education actors, administrators, policymakers and entrepreneurial ecosystem actors, by demonstrating how social networks can amplify the dissemination of ideas and entrepreneurial spirit.

Originality/value

This research explores how entrepreneurship and social networks can help faculty members have a stronger influence in academic settings. It also fills in the gaps in knowledge about how human resource management and entrepreneurship can work together to create a more communicative and innovative academic environment. Additionally, this study brings new ideas to existing literature by looking at how gender differences can affect employee voice, particularly emphasizing the importance of women in leadership roles at universities. This study is also the first to delve into how entrepreneurship and social networks, along with gender perceptions, play a role in shaping the voice of employees in a public university.
Climate change effects on production and income: evidence from Chad
Authors: Tchouadi Fabry Tahmibe , Ndiaye Cheikh Tidiane , Asongu Simplice , Diop Samba
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper empirically analyses climate change effects in Chad.

Design/methodology/approach

Using temperature and precipitation averages, we analyse the effects of climate variations on production, income and consumption.

Findings

Estimating a simultaneous equation model with the Zellner’s Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) estimator, the results show a statistically zero temperature effect while precipitations show a statistically significant effect. Precipitations are positively related to production and income but inversely to consumption. These conclusions confirm existing findings on negative effects of climate change. Furthermore, they confirm on the one hand, the difficulty of analysing climate change effects and highlight the need to carry out country-specific analysis. On the other hand, it is evidence of the existence of climatic issues in Chad. The findings are relevant in improving approaches of climate adaptation and mitigation, both at local and global levels.

Originality/value

The study complements the extant literature by assessing how climate change affects income and production in Chad.
Overconfidence, managerial accounting competence and dividend smoothing: evidence from emerging markets
Authors: Rashidi Mohsen
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to review the dividend smoothing effectiveness from the perspective of managers' overconfidence and accounting competence. Accounting competence is considered as an important factor in recognizing management’s ability to override internal controls as an opportunity to distort financial reports.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study applies multivariable linear regression method estimator to investigate the relationship between Overconfidence, Managerial Accounting Competence and Dividend Smoothing of 1,320 firm-year observations in Iran for the period of 2012–2022.

Findings

The result show that manager overconfidence leads to dividend smoothing. Moreover, this relation is stronger in low information quality and not driven by high information quality or by others measures. This research show that accounting competence has led to positive change in the efficiency of the manager performance and reduce the self-interesting motives of manager.

Practical implications

In the present study, the weaknesses caused by the ambiguity of capital market efficiency in market performance-based statistical models are compensated and partially covered by classifying the relationships and implementing models in each group. Results obtained from this study will aid market practitioners to evaluate the firms’ dividend smoothing. The results provide evidence and information for policymakers and investors about the theoretical gap and the factors affecting to it. It also informs policymakers to the dividend smoothing associated with the manager characteristics.

Originality/value

The previous researches emphasize on limiting agency costs by creating limits for the optimistic actions of managers, while framing and standardizing a major part of management behaviors is not possible. In this research, the manager’s executive ability has been examined in the form of accounting competence at the same time as excessive self-confidence, in order to control part of the inherent limitations caused by the managers' behavior. This study also considers the positive aspect of managers' ability in the form of accounting competence.
Predictive factors for responders to deucravacitinib treatment in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Hagino Teppei , Onda Marina , Saeki Hidehisa , Fujimoto Eita , Kanda Naoko
Published: December 2024

The tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor deucravacitinib is therapeutically effective for psoriasis. However, predictive factors for high responses to deucravacitinib have not been examined in a real‐world clinical study. Our study aimed to identify predictive factors for responders to deucravacitinib. Therefore, a retrospective study was conducted on 74 patients with psoriasis treated with deucravacitinib (6 mg/day) at week 16 of treatment from January 2023 to February 2024. Patients were classified into responders (achievers of a static Physician's Global Assessment [sPGA] of 0 or 1 with ≥2‐point improvement from basal sPGA) and non‐responders (non‐achievers). We compared baseline values of clinical and laboratory indexes between responders and non‐responders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables predicting responders. Forty‐one patients (55.4%) were considered as responders at week 16. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the response to deucravacitinib was associated with higher age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.08; p = 0.0222) and lower body mass index (BMI) (OR 0.825; 95% CI 0.713–0.955; p = 0.0101). Higher age and lower BMI may predict a higher response to deucravacitinib (6 mg/day) at week 16 of treatment.
Nationwide diversity of symbolic “city flowers” in Japan is increasing
Authors: Tsuzuki Yoichi , Ohsaki Haruna , Kawaguchi Yawako W. , Suzuki Sayaka , Harada Shogo , Otake Yurie , Shinohara Naoto , Katsuhara Koki R.
Published: December 2024

Recognizing and maintaining locally rooted human–nature interactions is essential for utilizing ecosystem services. Although the general public's awareness of biodiversity and ecosystem services has been examined using various proxies, it remains unclear how local governments—key sectors in creating conservation policies—appreciate them within a solid local context. Here, we focused on the “city flower,” an official symbolic species of Japanese cities, as a new proxy for measuring governmental attitudes toward biota and its services. We aimed to capture temporal changes in the awareness of species with locally relevant value at the city government level by examining the changes in city flowers over more than half a century. Data from the official websites of municipalities, including the names, the adoption years, and the reasons for adoption, revealed two major periods of adoption, with a notable increase in species diversity in and after 1993. This increase could be attributed to a recent reduction in bias toward popular flowers and growing interest in alternative, less popular flowers. Analysis of the reasons for adoption suggested that the temporal change in adopted flower species was related to the increasing emphasis on species with an explicit local context, especially those with instrumental value to the city. Our findings indicate the tendency for local governments to increasingly recognize their biocultural backgrounds and the ecosystem services of plants within their regions. The growing awareness of the local governments regarding their biocultural background is a positive sign for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
An examination of commingled first tarsometatarsal and atlantoaxial joints by deviation analysis
Authors: Litavec Helen
Published: December 2024

This study follows up on previous research conducted by Litavec (J Forensic Sci., 68, 2023, 1780) on sorting commingled sacroiliac joints using deviation analysis. In the present report, the results of this technique are expanded to separating commingled first tarsometatarsal and atlantoaxial joints. Following the methods of Litavec (J Forensic Sci., 68, 2023, 1780), virtual models were created at the University of Tennessee‐Knoxville Donated Skeletal Collection from 69 atlases and axes, 66 first metatarsals, and 64 medial cuneiforms using an EinScan‐Pro 2x+ Handheld Surface Scanner. The shape and congruency of the articular surfaces were analyzed using a deviation analysis in Geomagic Wrap 2021. Receiver operating characteristic curves were conducted on reference samples composed of 200 commingled and non‐commingled bone pairs per joint to identify threshold values for sorting the remains. Validation samples of 225 pairs were subsequently analyzed to identify the efficacy of this method on a sample of unknown individuals. The statistical analyses confirmed that deviation analysis values from commingled first tarsometatarsal and atlantoaxial joint pairs were significantly larger than those from non‐commingled individuals (p < 0.0001). 87%–92% of first tarsometatarsal pairs and 63%–66% of atlantoaxial joint pairs were correctly sorted based on the selected threshold values. This study increases the number of joints able to be sorted by deviation analysis and reemphasizes its value as a technique for resolving commingled human remains.
Psychometric properties of the revised quality of nursing diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes instrument: A validation study
Authors: Bozzetti Mattia , Marcomini Ilaria , Parma Maddalena , Dordoni Elisa , Magna Elisa , Müller Staub Maria , Pendoni Roberta
Published: December 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the revised quality of nursing diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes (Q‐DIO R) instrument, designed to measure the quality of nursing documentation, in an Italian healthcare setting.

Methods

The study followed a multi‐phase validation process that included translation and cultural adaptation of the tool, expert evaluations to assess content and face validity, and a cross‐sectional study to test reliability. Data were collected from nursing documentation in two hospitals in northern Italy, with 389 patient plans analyzed.

Results

The Q‐DIO R demonstrated strong content validity, with experts agreeing on the importance of all items. The tool showed high reliability in assessing the quality of nursing diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes. Regression analyses between these components revealed that accurate nursing diagnoses were associated with improved care interventions and patient outcomes.

Conclusion

The revised Q‐DIO R proved to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing the quality of nursing documentation in Italy. Its use can help improve nursing practices by supporting more accurate diagnosis and better care planning, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes. Further research is recommended to explore other factors that may influence the quality of nursing care planning.
From mere ‘stability’ to ‘durability’—Revisiting intention dynamics from a self‐regulatory perspective with intensive longitudinal methods
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Conner Mark , Schüz Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Behavioral intentions predict behavior better if they are stable over time. A statistical argument suggests that this is due to less measurement error, but recent theoretical advances suggest self‐regulatory effects: durable intentions remain temporally stable due to their persistence when faced with challenges. Here, we leverage intensive longitudinal data on adherence with non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID‐19 pandemic (N = 623; total assessments = 19,740; study duration: 6 months each). We operationalize intention durability as temporal order‐dependent variability (reversed root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD] between each valid assessment). We then examine the within‐ and between‐person moderating effects of intention durability on the intention‐behavior association as well as the effects of past on current behavior. In line with the theoretical assumptions, we find that more durable intentions are not only associated with a stronger intention‐behavior link on a within‐ and a between‐person level but also a stronger effect of past on current adherence with NPIs. Our findings support the hypothesized moderating effects of intention durability and provide a more nuanced understanding of the self‐regulatory processes underlying the temporal stability of intentions.
Synergistic and Additive Inhibition of UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 by Endogenous and Foodborne Inhibitors
Authors: Li Ruixue , Xiao Ling , Li Wenjuan , Li Wenjing , Zhao Kuan , Zhu Liangliang
Published: December 2024

UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are responsible for inactivation of a variety of drugs, endogenous hormones and environmental toxicants. Chemical inhibitors are a common factor decreasing UGT activities and furtherly inducing health problems. Although simultaneously encountering different inhibitors is readily to occur, no information is available for combined inhibition of UGT. This in vitro study investigates the combined inhibition of human UGT1A9 by endogenous and foodborne inhibitors (magnolol, di‐bromophenols, UDP). J values (the ratio of inhibitory rate to the remaining activity) are analysed to determine the combined inhibition type. The combined inhibition of di‐bromophenols and UDP obeys additive inhibition, in which combined J values equal to the sum of individual J values in alone inhibition assays. Meanwhile, there is a synergistic effect between 2,4‐di‐bromophenol and magnolol with combination index values ranging from 0.10 to 0.85. Further assays indicate that 2,4‐di‐bromophenol decreases IC50 values for magnolol and vice versa. Kinetic analysis confirms that the two inhibitors and UGT1A9 can form a ternary complex with the inhibition constants of 0.0188 μM (magnolol) and 0.634 (2,4‐di‐bromophenol) μM. In summary, this study demonstrates that besides additive inhibition, synergistic inhibition is a probable occurrence in combined inhibition of UGT. It is suggested that the inhibitors can increase mutual inhibitory effects which deserves attentions in future UGT inhibition related studies.
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and the risk of thrombotic events: Results from iStopMM, a prospective population‐based screening study
Authors: Rögnvaldsson Sæmundur , Gasparini Alessandro , Thorsteinsdottir Sigrun , Sverrisdottir Ingigerdur , Eythorsson Elias , Long Thorir Einarsson , Palmason Robert , Vidarsson Brynjar , Onundarson Pall Torfi , Agnarsson Bjarni A. , Sigurdardottir Margret , Olafsson Isleifur , Thorsteinsdottir Ingunn , Oskarsson Jon Thorir , Jonsson Asbjorn , Palsson Runolfur , Indriðason Olafur Skuli , Olafsson Andri , Hultcrantz Malin , Durie Brian G. M. , Harding Stephen , Landgren Ola , Love Thorvardur Jon , Kristinsson Sigurdur Yngvi
Published: December 2024

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is the asymptomatic precursor of multiple myeloma and related diseases but has also been associated with thrombosis. Prior studies have not been based on screened cohorts leading to bias. We assessed the risk of thrombosis in a cohort of 75 422 individuals over 40 years old who were screened for MGUS in Iceland. We also evaluated the association of M protein concentration with thrombotic risk. A total of 3668 participants had MGUS. After a median follow‐up of ~3.7 years, 124 venous and 252 arterial thrombotic events (10.3 and 21.0 per 1000 person years respectively) were observed in the MGUS group, compared to 1509 and 3471 in the non‐MGUS group (6.0 and 13.8 per 1000 person years respectively). After adjusting for multiple confounders, MGUS was associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–1.73) but not arterial thrombosis (HR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.87–1.13). M protein concentration was not associated with venous (p = 0.72) or arterial (p = 0.95) thrombosis. The findings show, in a screened cohort, that MGUS is associated with venous, but not arterial, thrombosis. Furthermore, they suggest that there is a subset of individuals with MGUS with subclinical monoclonal gammopathy of thrombotic significance.
A sparse latent class model incorporating response times
Authors: He Siqi , Culpepper Steven Andrew , Douglas Jeffrey A.
Published: December 2024

Diagnostic models (DM) have been widely used to classify respondents' latent attributes in cognitive and non‐cognitive assessments. The integration of response times (RTs) with DM presents additional evidence to understand respondents' problem‐solving behaviours. While recent research has explored using sparse latent class models (SLCM) to infer the latent structure of items based on item responses, the incorporation of RT data within these models remains underexplored. This study extends the SLCM framework to include RT, relaxing the conditional independence assumption between RT and latent attributes given individual speed. This adaptation provides a more flexible framework for jointly modelling RT and item responses. While the proposed model holds promise for applications in educational assessment, this study applied the model to the Fisher Temperament Inventory, yielding findings that provide a novel perspective on utilizing DM with RT in personality assessments. Additionally, a Gibbs sampling algorithm is proposed for parameter estimation. Results from Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the algorithm's accuracy and efficiency.
De Geer moraine internal architecture based on sedimentological and geophysical investigations and implications for ice‐marginal reconstructions
Authors: Rivers Gwyneth E. , Storrar Robert D. , Ojala Antti E. K. , Mäkinen Joni , Holmroos Camilla , Holmes Naomi
Published: December 2024

De Geer moraines (DGMs) may act as valuable ice margin indicators; however, to date, their variable mode of formation has presented challenges for this utility. Morphometric investigations provide useful insights into formation processes, which can be developed using sedimentological and geophysical methods. Here we present sedimentological and ground penetrating radar (GPR) data of DGMs located in southwest Finland. Individual lithofacies were identified and interpreted using sediment architectural elements. These were correlated with neighbouring GPR radargrams and extrapolated across the wider study area. Generally, internal architecture presents a multi‐phase structure with lower units representing subglacial traction till and ice margin infill deposits, truncated by a larger prominent push unit, which is then successively deformed via the overriding of active ice. Significantly, there are notable differences between proximal and distal structures, with proximal sides characterized by silts, clays, and diamicton with laminae, stratification and thrust planes, and distal sides characterized by poorly consolidated diamicton and proglacial water current reworkings. Internal architecture of both prominent and intermediate ridges is very similar, reflecting similar formation processes, however, slight differences also reflect inter‐seasonal variations. Based on our findings, we present an integrated conceptual model for the genesis of DGMs whereby inter‐seasonal ridge forming processes occur within a sub‐aqueous ice‐marginal environment. Our model highlights that DGMs can be subcategorized as: (i) sediment deposition at an unstable margin during summer calving, and/or (ii) sediment pushing at a stabilized margin during a winter re‐advance. We do not find evidence of crevasse filling as a mechanism for DGM formation. We propose a landform assemblage classification whereby ‘De Geer terrain’ is used to describe series of parallel ridges arranged in a typical washboard‐like configuration. This classification identifies all DGMs derived within a sub‐aqueous ice‐marginal environment, whilst also capturing the equifinal characteristics between individual landforms.
A Stewardship Approach to Policy Practice and Capacity Renewal in Canada
Authors: Craft Jonathan
Published: December 2024

One of Canada's most significant public administration challenges is ensuring the public service possesses the capacity and modern practices needed for effective policymaking. This article argues that Canada's policy renewal efforts have been hampered by a lack of focused and coherent public service reform more generally. Informed by international best practice and an appreciation for Canada's unique public administration context and history, I argue that Canada must adopt a stewardship approach. I provide five actionable recommendations targeted at renewing and modernizing policy capacity. These include: creating a new unit responsible for managing public service renewal to be headed by a new deputy Clerk of the Privy Council, mandating regular systematic reviews of public service policy capacity, expanding the substantive focus of the Clerk's annual reports, developing an enterprise‐wide training strategy for policy professionals, and standardizing modern policymaking practices by embedding them in formal policymaking processes and instruments.
Overdue and Overdrawn: Internal Services, Administrative Debt, and the Government of Canada's Real Property File
Authors: Tweedie Jacky , Legault Randall , Thompson Philippe
Published: December 2024

Administrative debt is when successive waves of reform result in an accumulation of rusting‐out systems that are not optimized. This occurs when the drivers for change prioritize expediency, offering quick fixes rather than a focus on long‐term sustainable re‐design. This is the case for the federal government's Internal Services and is illustrated through a look at the Real Property function over time. This function has been routinely discounted when priorities and budgets are set. Resulting capability deficits are exposed periodically in audits and as part of higher profile reviews revealing gaps in the maintenance of asset integrity that put public‐facing program delivery at risk. We make the case that Internal Services are inseparable from how governments deliver public‐facing external programs. We suggest ways to close the information gaps contributing to this overall administrative debt.
Iconicity Emerges From Language Experience: Evidence From Japanese Ideophones and Their English Equivalents
Authors: Iida Hinano , Akita Kimi
Published: December 2024

Iconicity is a relationship of resemblance between the form and meaning of a sign. Compelling evidence from diverse areas of the cognitive sciences suggests that iconicity plays a pivotal role in the processing, memory, learning, and evolution of both spoken and signed language, indicating that iconicity is a general property of language. However, the language‐specific aspect of iconicity, illustrated by the fact that the meanings of ideophones in an unfamiliar language are hard to guess (e.g., shigeshige ‘staring at something’ in Japanese), remains to be fully investigated. In the present study, native speakers of Japanese and English rated the iconicity and familiarity of Japanese ideophones (e.g., gatagata ‘rattling’, butsubutsu ‘murmuring’) and their English equivalents (e.g., rattle, murmur). Two main findings emerged: (1) individuals generally perceived their native language as more iconic than their non‐native language, replicating the previous findings in signed language, and (2) the familiarity of words in their native language boosted their perceived iconicity. These findings shed a light on the language‐specific, subjective, and acquired nature of iconicity.
Liver Function Biomarkers and Lung Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Sun Xiangyu , Guo Zeqin , Zhang Yanpei , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Xiong Jingrong , Cai Mingliang , Tan Jiale , Lin Yan , Yu Zihang , Du Kunheng , Lu Enli , Xia Xiaolin
Published: December 2024

Background

As the primary organ of metabolism and detoxification, the liver may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. We aimed to illuminate the intricate link between liver function biomarkers and lung cancer risk, as well as delineate the role of smoking behavior within this association.

Methods

We investigated the associations of seven liver function biomarkers levels (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], alanine transaminase [ALT], total bilirubin [TBIL], albumin [ALB], gamma‐glutamyltransferase [GGT], aspartate transaminase [AST], and total protein [TP]) with lung cancer risk across the UK Biobank (N = 337 499) through restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional hazards models. Moreover, Mendelian randomization (MR) was utilized to evaluate the causal effect of smoking behavior on these biomarkers. Then a lung cancer risk prediction model was developed among smokers by backward stepwise logistic regression.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 13.3 years, 3003 lung cancer cases were identified. We found ALP levels positively associated with lung cancer risk, whereas ALT, TBIL, ALB, and AST were inversely correlated; TP exhibited a U‐shaped association, whereas GGT displayed a mirrored J‐shaped relationship. These associations were amplified among smokers. MR analysis indicated that smoking behavior could increase ALP (odds ratio [OR]: 1.05) and GGT (OR: 1.15) levels while decreasing TBIL (OR: 0.92), ALB (OR: 0.92), and TP (OR: 0.96) levels. The lung cancer risk model incorporating these biomarkers in smokers demonstrated robust discrimination.

Conclusion

Our finding provides perspectives and evidences towards the intricate crosstalk between the hepatic and pulmonary systems, as well as the processes through which tobacco catalyzes lung carcinogenesis.
Fatal Spitz Melanoma With MAD1L1::BRAF Fusion: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hiraki Tsubasa , Hirakawa Satoshi , Otsuki Yoshiro , Kajimoto Kazuyoshi , Goto Keisuke , Serizawa Masakuni
Published: December 2024

Spitz melanoma is extremely rare, and only a few cases of distant metastases have been reported. Herein, we describe a case of Spitz melanoma with multiple distant metastases. A 37‐year‐old woman presented with a 5.5‐mm‐diameter nodule on the right lower leg. She experienced multiple distant metastases, involving the lungs, liver, thyroid, stomach, ovary, bones, and skin, along with multiple lymph node metastases within 1 year. The patient succumbed to the disease 1 year and 6 months following the first excision. Histopathological examination revealed a dense distribution of large solid nests comprising large, atypical epithelioid melanocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm in the upper dermis. Diffuse PRAME and loss of p16 immunoexpression profiles were observed. Targeted DNA and Sanger sequencing revealed an in‐frame MAD1L1(e16)::BRAF(e9) fusion in both primary tumor and metastatic subcutaneous lesion. A review of previously reported cases confirmed as Spitz melanoma with distant metastases (n = 7) revealed a broad age range (11–71 years, median 46 years), high mortality (5/7), frequent BRAF fusions (6/7), and recurrent TERT promotor mutations and CDKN2A/B deletions. This report adds valuable insights into our understanding of the clinical and genetic characteristics of Spitz melanoma with distant metastases.
Exclusion of older persons from randomized controlled trials in type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Borysowski Jan , Kłosowska Danuta , Pączek Leszek , Ordak Michał , Franek Edward
Published: December 2024

Background

Prevalence of type 2 diabetes increases with age. Both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) promote the enrollment of older patients to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in diabetes. The objective of this study was to assess the eligibility criteria limiting the inclusion of older adults to RCTs in type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov included phase 2, 3 and 4 RCTs of drugs and biologicals, with enrollment ≥100, registered at ClinicalTrials.gov and started from 2014 through 2023.

Results

A total of 278/594 (46.8%) trials had a limit of 90 years of age or less (primary outcome). The odds of the age limits were higher in RCTs funded from non‐commercial sources (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.77–4.52; p < 0.001) and phase 2 trials (aOR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.49–3.81; p < 0.001). A total of 542/594 (91.2%) trials had other relevant exclusion criteria, mostly those concerning comorbidities common in older patients (secondary outcome). However, none of the RCTs excluded patients with frailty which is a key factor determining the prognosis of older patients with diabetes. Only two trials enrolled solely older persons.

Conclusions

Most RCTs in type 2 diabetes have the eligibility criteria limiting the enrollment of older patients. The age limits should be eliminated and patients should be excluded based on scientifically justified criteria especially those concerning comorbidities and frailty. Moreover, the benefits and harms of new drugs in older patients with multimorbidity and/or frailty should be assessed in dedicated phase 4 trials.
Endothelial dysfunction in adults with congenital heart disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Baroutidou Amalia , Dimitroulas Theodoros , Arvanitaki Alexandra , Grantza Triantafyllia , Otountzidis Nikolaos , Farmakis Ioannis T. , Karagiannidis Artemios G. , Kamperidis Vasileios , Ziakas Antonios , Sarafidis Pantelis , Giannakoulas George
Published: December 2024

Background

Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) can face a lifelong risk of premature cardiovascular events. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness may be some of the key mechanisms involved. Early identification of endothelial damage in ACHD could be crucial to mitigate the adverse events. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to investigate micro‐ and macroangiopathy in ACHD.

Methods

We systematically searched four major electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus and Web of Science), ClinicalTrials.gov and grey literature according to PRISMA guidelines. We included studies evaluating endothelial function with any semi‐ or non‐invasive method in ACHD and healthy controls. Studies exploring arterial stiffness indices and carotid intima‐media thickness were also investigated.

Results

In total, 31 studies (1118 ACHD, 794 controls) were included in this systematic review. Brachial artery endothelium‐dependent (assessed via flow‐mediated dilatation, FMD) and ‐independent vasodilation (assessed via nitroglycerine‐mediated dilatation, NMD) were attenuated in ACHD versus controls (mean difference [MD] −2.5, 95% confidence intervals [CI] −3.7; −1.3 and MD −3.9, 95% CI −6.8; −1.0, respectively). ACHD also demonstrated impaired microvascular function, evaluated via peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), with significantly lower reactive hyperemia index and PAT ratio compared to controls (MD −.26, 95% CI −.48; −.04 and MD −.4, 95% CI −.5; −.4, respectively). Regarding arterial stiffness, pooled analysis revealed non‐significant differences in pulse wave velocity between the study groups (standardized MD .2, 95% CI −.2; .6). However, the augmentation index was significantly higher in ACHD (standardized MD 1.6, 95% CI .8; 2.4).

Conclusions

ACHD exhibit impaired macro‐ and microvascular function and elevated arterial stiffness, factors that may be responsible for the increased adverse cardiovascular events in this population.
Revisiting the Quest for a Just, Participatory, and Sustainable Society
Authors: Conradie Ernst M.
Published: December 2024

The themes of justice, participation, and sustainability emerged from the 5th Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Nairobi in 1975 in the context of addressing global inequalities and promoting a more equitable society, and were brought together in the search for a “Just, Participatory and Sustainable Society.” While underlining the need for theological reflection on justice, particularly in the context of historical injustices and contemporary global divides, this article questions whether “sustainability” still expresses an appropriate vision. With the shift to the Anthropocene, it proposes instead the concept of “habitability.” With habitability, the focus is on the flourishing of the habitat itself. Categories such as civilization, excellence, economic growth, sustainable development, mitigation and adaptation, human flourishing, sustainability as such, and even justice can no longer suffice, at least not on their own. What is required is a comprehensive transformation.