bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy and safety of stent retrievers as a bailout strategy following failed contact aspiration technique in acute stroke thrombectomy
Authors: Ezzeldin Mohamad , Hukamdad Mishaal , Abo Kasem Rahim , Ezzeldin Rime , Maier Ilko , Rai Ansaar T , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-Tae , Howard Brian M , Alawieh Ali , Wolfe Stacey Q , Starke Robert M , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Shaban Amir , Goyal Nitin , Dye Justin , Alaraj Ali , Yoshimura Shinichi , Fiorella David , Tanweer Omar , Romano Daniele G , Navia Pedro , Cuellar Hugo , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam , Mascitelli Justin R , Osbun Joshua W , Siddiqui Fazeel , Moss Mark , Limaye Kaustubh , Mokin Maxim , Matouk Charles , Park Min S , Brinjikji Waleed , Daglioglu Ergun , Williamson Richard , Altschul David J , Ogilvy Christopher S , Crosa Roberto Javier , Levitt Michael R , Gory Benjamin , Grandhi Ramesh , Paul Alexandra R , Kan Peter , Casagrande Walter , Chowdhry Shakeel A , Stiefel Michael F , Chaubal Varun , Spiotta Alejandro M
Published: January 2025

Background

The contact aspiration (CA) technique is often used to perform endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, rescue strategies are necessary if CA fails to achieve recanalization. This study investigates the outcomes of incorporating stent retriever (SR) thrombectomy in the rescue strategy following failed CA.

Methods

EVT patients with failed CA attempts were identified from a large multicenter registry and stratified by rescue technique: CA alone or incorporating SR in the rescue strategy. Outcomes included successful recanalization, 90-day functional outcomes (defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-day mortality.

Results

Among 1885 patients with failed CA attempts, conversion to SR was associated with higher recanalization rates (85.2% vs 80.6%; p=0.03), higher rates of second-pass recanalization (31.2% vs 23.4%; p<0.001), and better 90-day outcomes (mRS 0–2: 35.2% vs 29.9%; p=0.04) when compared with repeated CA attempts. Trevo SRs showed higher odds of successful recanalization (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.9; p=0.02), second-pass recanalization (aOR=1.7; p=0.01), and reduced odds of sICH (aOR=0.3; p=0.02). EmboTrap SRs were associated with higher odds of 90-day mortality (aOR=2.6; p=0.004) and sICH (aOR=2.9; p=0.04) and lower odds of recanalization (aOR=0.5; p=0.03).

Conclusions

Incorporating SR in the rescue strategy after a failed CA improves recanalization rates and functional outcomes. Trevo SRs demonstrated superior efficacy and safety when incorporated into the rescue strategy.
Gut Microbiota and Osteoarthritis: From Pathogenesis to Novel Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Xi Yujiang , Wang Zhifeng , Wei Yuanyuan , Xiao Niqin , Duan Li , Zhao Ting , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Liping , Wang Jian , Li Zhaofu , Qin Dongdong
Published: January 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic degenerative joint disease, characterized by cartilage damage, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone sclerosis, marginal bone loss, and osteophyte development. Clinical manifestations include inflammatory joint pain, swelling, osteophytes, and limitation of motion. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis has not yet been fully uncovered. With ongoing research, however, it has been gradually determined that OA is not caused solely by mechanical injury or aging, but rather involves chronic low-grade inflammation, metabolic imbalances, dysfunctional adaptive immunity, and alterations in central pain processing centers. The main risk factors for OA include obesity, age, gender, genetics, and sports injuries. In recent years, extensive research on gut microbiota has revealed that gut dysbiosis is associated with some common risk factors for OA, and that it may intervene in its pathogenesis through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Therefore, gut flora imbalance as a pathogenic factor in OA has become a hotspot topic of research, with potential therapeutic connotations. In this paper, we review the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of OA, describe its relationship with common OA risk factors, and address candidate gut microbiota markers for OA diagnosis. In addition, with focus on OA therapies, we discuss the effects of direct and indirect interventions targeting the gut microbiota, as well as the impact of gut bacteria on the efficacy of OA drugs.
Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases: The Role in Regulating KEAP1–NRF2 Pathway
Authors: Li Yaling , Wang Xijia , Li Shuyue , Wang Lei , Ding Ningning , She Yali , Li Changtian
Published: January 2025

Oxidative stress represents a pivotal mechanism in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1–transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (KEAP1–NRF2) pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis and regulating a multitude of biological processes such as inflammation, protein homeostasis, and metabolic homeostasis. In this paper, we present the findings of recent studies on the KEAP1–NRF2 pathway, which have revealed that it is aberrantly regulated and induces oxidative stress injury in a variety of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and cancer. Given this evidence, targeting KEAP1–NRF2 represents a highly promising avenue for developing therapeutic strategies for chronic diseases, and thus the development of appropriate therapeutic strategies based on the targeting of the NRF2 pathway has emerged as a significant area of research interest. This paper highlights an overview of current strategies to modulate KEAP1–NRF2, as well as recent advances in the use of natural compounds and traditional Chinese medicine, with a view to providing meaningful guidelines for drug discovery and development targeting KEAP1–NRF2. Additionally, it discusses the challenges associated with harnessing NRF2 as a therapeutic target.
A Hepatic Oxidative Metabolite of Palmatine Ameliorates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization Through AMPK/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Huang Qi-Ting , Ma Xing-Dong , Zhang Jia-Na , Lin Wei-Xiong , Shen Xue-Xia , Huang Zhuo-Wen , Zhang Xia , Wu Xiao-Yan , Dou Yao-Xing , Su Zi-Ren , Su Ji-Yan , Li Yu-Cui , Liu Yu-Hong , Xie You-Liang , Lin Rong-Feng , Huang Hai-Yang , Zhang Qi-Hui , Huang Xiao-Qi
Published: January 2025

Palmatine (PAL) and berberine are both classified as protoberberine alkaloids, derived from several traditional Chinese herbs such as Coptis chinensis Franch. and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. These compounds are extensively used in treating dysentery and colitis. PAL is one of the crucial quality markers for these plants in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. A key metabolite of PAL, 8-Oxypalmatine (OPAL), shows favorable anti-inflammatory activity and better safety compared to PAL, though its mechanisms in ulcerative colitis (UC) are not fully understood. This study used a dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mouse model to explore OPAL’s effects. The results indicated that OPAL provided superior therapeutic effects to those of PAL, alleviating colitis symptoms and reducing colon inflammation by modulating pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6) and anti-inflammatory (transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-10) cytokines. Additionally, OPAL helped rebuild the mucus barrier and upregulated tight junction proteins, thereby restoring intestinal integrity. Notably, OPAL inhibited the M1 macrophages infiltration while promoting M2 macrophage distribution in the colon. Its role in fostering M2 polarization and modulating the inflammatory cytokine profile was further confirmed in vitro. Importantly, the anti-inflammatory effects were primarily linked to AMP-activated protein kinase activation, which subsequently inhibited the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. These findings highlight OPAL as a crucial active metabolite responsible for the therapeutic effects of PAL against UC, emphasizing its potential as a novel treatment for this condition.
Deposit Insurance Modeling Based on Standard Power Option Payoff Using Picard–Lindelöf Iteration
Authors: Edeki S. O. , Azu-Nwosu V. E.
Published: January 2025

Deposit insurance is a critical instrument in modern financial systems for protecting depositors’ interests and promoting financial stability. The deposit insurance finance model, which is based on the standard power option pay-off, has been considered in this paper using the Picard–Lindelöf Iteration Method (PIM). Utilizing the repetitive framework of the Picard–Lindelöf iteration approach offers insights into the dynamic behavior of deposit insurance premiums and risk assessments. The study highlights the significance of using the Picard iteration technique to better understand deposit insurance pricing and its implications for financial institutions and regulatory bodies.
Hypointense Findings on Hepatobiliary Phase MR Images
Authors: Harper Kelly C. , Ronot Maxime , Wells Michael L. , Luna Antonio , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed , Wang Jin , Welle Christopher L. , Silva Alvin C. , Fidler Jeff , Venkatesh Sudhakar K.
Published: January 2025

Encompassing a broad spectrum of abnormalities from diffuse liver disorders to focal liver lesions, hypointense findings on hepatobiliary phase MR images offer valuable diagnostic information, provide insight on the functional status of the liver, and aid in characterization of other imaging features.
Addressing Label Noise in Colorectal Cancer Classification Using Cross‐Entropy Loss and pLOF Methods With Stacking‐Ensemble Technique
Authors: Tani Ishrat Zahan , Goh Kah Ong Michael , Islam Md Nazmul , Aziz Md Tarek , Mahmud S. M. Hasan , Nandi Dip
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer is a significant global health issue, ranking as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis of this disease is of utmost importance to increase the survival rate and enhance the healthcare system. Many machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods have been proposed to facilitate automated early diagnosis of this cancer. However, label noise in medical images and the dependence on a single model can lead to suboptimal model performance, which could potentially hinder the development of a sophisticated automated solution. In this paper, we address label noise in training data and propose a stacking‐ensemble model for classifying colorectal cancer along with a trustworthy computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system. Initially, a variety of filtering methods are extensively analyzed to determine the most suitable image representation, with subsequent data augmentation techniques. Second, a modified VGG‐16 model was proposed with fine‐tuning that was utilized as a feature extractor to extract meaningful features from the training samples. Third, a prediction uncertainty and probabilistic local outlier factor (pLOF) were applied to the extracted features to address the label noise issue in the training data. Fourth, we adopted a random forest–based recursive feature elimination (RF‐RFE) feature selection method with various combinations of features to recursively select the most influential ones for accurate predictions. Fifth, four base ML classifiers and a metamodel were selected to build our final stacking‐ensemble model, which integrates the prediction probabilities of multiple models into a meta‐feature set to ensure trustworthy predictions. Finally, we integrated these strategies and deployed them into a web application to demonstrate a CAD system. This system not only predicts the disease but also generates the prediction probabilities of each class, which enhances both clarity and diagnostic insight. Our proposed model was compared with different state‐of‐the‐art ML classifiers on a publicly available dataset and demonstrated the highest accuracy of 92.43%.
Development of Curcumin Encapsulated Liposomes in Chlorhexidine‐Loaded Organogel Using Ternary Phase Systems for Treatment of Omphalitis in Infants
Authors: Cardoso-Daodu Ibilola Mary , Ilomuanya Margaret Okonawan
Published: January 2025

Infections in infants, after childbirth, remain a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, globally. A soaring percentage of these infections arise from bacterial colonization of the umbilicus. Current therapy for omphalitis includes the topical application of chlorhexidine on the umbilicus. Bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, which are the key causative organisms of omphalitis, are resistant to chlorhexidine. In this study, curcumin‐loaded liposomes were prepared using the “thin film hydration” method. Liposomes were characterized by particle size analysis, light microscopy, encapsulation efficiency, and flux. Stable organogels were formed via a high‐speed homogenization method and stabilized by an emulsifier mix. They were evaluated for stability over a period by observing for phase separation. Four gels F1 (curcumin‐loaded liposomes in chlorhexidine organogel), F2 (curcumin‐loaded liposomes in organogel), F3 (chlorhexidine in organogel), and control (plain organogel) were prepared. Physicochemical properties of all gels were evaluated such as organoleptic tests, gel‐to‐sol transition, rheological studies, pH, skin irritancy, spreadability, accelerated stability, and antibacterial activity studies. Liposomes were spherical with an average size of 7 μm and an encapsulation efficiency of 97%. The in vitro release profile best fits the Higuchi mathematical model implying that curcumin release was by diffusion and dissolution mechanism. In vitro release was also higher at pH 5.5. F1 had the highest spreadability of 63 mm2g−1 and the lowest viscosity of 184,400 MPas at a shear rate of 10 rotations per minute with a pH of 6.5. Formulation F1 also displayed the highest antibacterial activity against all three bacteria. It can be concluded that the synergistic interaction between curcumin and chlorhexidine may be responsible for the significant antibacterial potency exhibited in formulation F1. Curcumin‐loaded liposomes in chlorhexidine organogel (F1) can serve as a prototype for the development of an antibacterial topical formulation having intrinsic activity and enhanced potency to combat omphalitis.
Side‐Stream Based Marine Solubles From Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Modulate Appetite and Dietary Nutrient Utilization in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) and can Replace Fish Meal
Authors: Sixten Hanne Jorun , Rønnestad Ivar , Bogevik André S. , Aspevik Tone , Oterhals Åge , Gomes Ana S. , Lai Floriana , Tolås Ingvill , Gelebard Virginie , Hillestad Marie , Kousoulaki Katerina
Published: January 2025

Whitefish fisheries’ side‐stream biomass is an abundant underutilized resource that can be valorized to benefit future aquaculture sustainability. Four novel ingredients based on side‐streams from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fileting were produced. FM‐hb, a fish meal (FM), and FPH‐hb, a fish protein hydrolysate based on heads (h) and backbones (b); FM‐hbg, a FM based on heads, backbones, and viscera/guts (g); and FPC‐g, a fish protein concentrate based on viscera preserved in formic acid. Four diets were prepared containing one of the ingredients replacing 50% of the dietary FM protein, in addition to a positive (FM10) and a negative (FM5) control. The six diets were fed to triplicate tanks with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.; 113 ± 1 g) over 8 weeks. Besides general performance, gut and brain gene expression for selected hormones and key neuropeptides involved in the control of appetite and digestive processes were studied during feeding and postprandial, and possible reference levels for Atlantic salmon were established. All side‐stream‐added diets performed well, with no significant differences in performance and biometrics between the treatments. Some gene expression differences were observed, but no well‐defined patterns emerged supporting clear dietary effects related to digestive performance or appetite. However, in the brain, a short‐time upregulation of agouti-related protein-1 (agrp1), corresponded to higher cumulative feed intake (FI) for the FM10 diet supporting notions that this may be a candidate biomarker for appetite in salmon. Expression of stomach ghrelin-1 (ghrl1) was higher than ghrelin-2 (ghrl2) and membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 4 (mboat4), and midgut peptide YYa-2 (pyya2) and glucagon-a (gcga) were higher than peptide YYb-1 (pyyb1). A comparison showed that midgut peptide YYa-1 (pyya1), pyya2, and gcga expressions were higher than in the hindgut, which is opposite of what is found in mammals. In conclusion, this study shows that sustainable side‐stream raw materials with different characteristics can partly replace high‐quality commercial FMs giving similar performance.
Impact of Commercial Probiotics on Growth, Prophenoloxidase, Superoxide Dismutase, and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Macrobrachium rosenbergii Cultured at Different Stocking Densities
Authors: Islam Shikder Saiful , Nowshin Ramisa , Bir Joyanta , Sarmin Sadia Samiha , Islam Md. Rofiqul , Sultana Afrin , Ferdose Jannatul , Sultana Airin , Zohora Fatima Tuz , Khanom Momotaz , Golder Md Rony , Zobayer Md. Fahad Al , Das Kishur Kumar , Khatun Mst. Anika , Sadia Sayma , Huq Khandaker Anisul
Published: January 2025

An experiment using a 4 × 3 factorial design was conducted to evaluate the impact of three commercial probiotics and a control (no probiotic treatment) on the growth, digestive, and immune enzymatic indices of prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) at three stocking densities (2, 4, and 6 m−2). The experiment took place in rectangular earthen ponds with a surface area of 120 m2 and a water depth of 1.5–2.0 m. The prawns in the treatment groups were fed commercial pelleted feed supplemented with probiotics. The results indicated a significant interaction effect on weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), daily growth rate (DGR), relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival. Overall, prawns treated with probiotics showed better growth performance compared to nontreated groups. Prawn cultured with P1 at a stocking density of 4 m−2 had better nutritional value, including higher protein level. The activity of prophenoloxidase (proPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lipase enzyme was higher in probiotic‐treated groups up to a stocking density of 6 m−2 compared to control groups (p < 0.001). Probiotic P1 at stocking densities of 2 and 6 m−2 showed a significant interaction effect on the protease activity, with other probiotics also enhancing protease activity compared to control. This study highlights that the growth performance, proximate composition, protease, and lipase activity, as well as proPO and SOD activity, of prawns can be improved through the application of probiotic P1. In conclusion, the study suggests that commercial probiotics enriched with bacterial compositions like P1 can be effectively used for culture intensification of prawns.
Impact of Driver Age and Behavior on the Effectiveness of ADAS in Cyclist Safety on Rural Roads: A Simulator Study
Authors: Usama Nouman , Al-Wathinani Ahmed M. , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Babar Sami
Published: January 2025

The increasing use of bicycles highlights the need for enhanced road safety measures, particularly in interactions between vehicles and cyclists on rural mixed‐traffic roads. This study investigates the impact of driver age and behavior on the effectiveness of advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) in improving cyclist safety. Utilizing a driving simulator, the study analyzed the overtaking maneuvers of 300 male participants, categorized by aggressive and passive driving styles, across three age groups: young (20–34), middle‐aged (35–49), and older (50–64) drivers. Results showed that younger drivers exhibited more dynamic and erratic behaviors, with significant variations in lateral control (LC) and time to danger (TTD). Specifically, younger driver’s TTD increased by 20% on average, while older drivers maintained consistent caution with a 10% improvement in LC. Aggressive drivers showed a negligible change in behavior, whereas passive drivers demonstrated a 25% improvement in TTD and a 15% enhancement in LC when using ADAS. The findings suggest that tailored ADAS features are necessary to address the diverse responses of different driver demographics. Future ADAS development should incorporate real‐world testing, consider psychological factors, and conduct longitudinal studies to optimize safety outcomes. This study provides critical insights for enhancing the design and implementation of ADAS to protect vulnerable road users such as cyclists.
Proactive Distributed Emergency Response With Heterogeneous Tasks Allocation
Authors: Darko Justice , Park Hyoshin
Published: January 2025

Traditionally, traffic incident management (TIM) programs coordinate the deployment of emergency resources to immediate incident requests without accommodating the interdependencies on incident evolutions in the environment. However, ignoring these inherent interdependencies while making current deployment decisions is shortsighted, and the resulting naive deployment strategy can significantly worsen the overall incident delay impact on the network. The interdependencies on incident evolution in the environment, including those between incident occurrences and those between resource availability in near‐future requests and the anticipated duration of the immediate incident request, should be considered through a look‐ahead model when making current‐stage deployment decisions. This study develops a new proactive framework based on the distributed constraint optimization problem (DCOP) to address the above limitations, overcoming conventional TIM models that cannot accommodate the dependencies in the TIM problem. Furthermore, the optimization objective is formulated to incorporate unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The UAVs’ role in TIM includes exploring uncertain traffic conditions, detecting unexpected events, and augmenting information from roadway traffic sensors. Robustness analysis of our model for multiple TIM scenarios shows satisfactory performance using local search exploration heuristics. Overall, our model reports a significant reduction in total incident delay compared to conventional TIM models. With UAV support, we demonstrate a further decrease in the total incident delay ranging between 5% and 45% for the different number of incidents. UAVs’ active sensing can shorten response time of emergency vehicles and reduce uncertainties associated with the estimated incident delay impact.
Rural Stakeholder Perspectives on Engaging People Living With Dementia as Volunteers
Authors: Winterton Rachel , Leone Carmela , Chisholm Marita
Published: January 2025

This qualitative study explores enablers and barriers experienced by rural community organisations in engaging people living with dementia as volunteers. Semi structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 individuals responsible for managing volunteers within rural and regional organisations in Victoria, Australia. Participants identified three primary factors associated with ability to engage people living with dementia as volunteers within their organisations: ability to provide suitable volunteer roles for people living with dementia, ability to resource support and ability to manage disclosure and progression. These factors were mediated by characteristics of organisational and volunteer program environments, and the attitudes and capacities of volunteers living with dementia. Findings indicate that while possible, engagement of volunteers living with dementia is potentially not achievable in all rural community settings and is contingent on flexible volunteer programs and experienced volunteer management, provision of resources to support volunteers and changing attitudes toward capacity of people living with dementia.
Distribution and Accessibility of Residential Aged Care Facilities Concerning Socioeconomic Indicators and Geographic Remoteness in Australia
Authors: Alrewaithi Amal Musleh , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study examined the distribution of residential aged care facilities in relation to the aged population and socioeconomic profile at the smallest geographical unit in Australia’s metropolitan areas, regional centers, and large rural towns.

Methods: An observational study was designed using the most recent open‐source data from the Australian government. The aged population data and RACF locations were aggregated by SA1, remoteness, and socioeconomic profile, which were defined using the modified Monash model (MMM) and the index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage (IRSD). Remoteness was categorized into metropolitan areas, regional centers, and large rural towns, while socioeconomic factors were analyzed based on IRSD 10 deciles. The study utilized a Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) to perform the analysis and mapping of RACF distribution and accessibility. All collected data files were overlaid and linked using the join function in QGIS for comprehensive analysis at the Statistical area level 1 (SA1). Centroids were calculated for each SA1 to represent the geographical center of the area. The buffer function was performed to determine the proportion of the aged population residing within the specified distance thresholds of 2.5 km, 5 km, and over a 5 km radius from these facilities.

Results: Geographic disparities: The findings indicate shortages of RACF places’ availability, with only 5% of the older population living in metropolitan and large rural towns having access to such places. The number drops to 4% for those living in regional centers. The majority of older metropolitan residents reside within a 5 km radius of RACFs, compared to large rural areas (14%) and regional centers (23%), where the elders reside over the study distance threshold. The shortage of available places and the travel distances to these services may lead older adults who cannot live independently to seek alternative aged care services or remain at home. This might result in inadequate health services tailored to their specific needs which may contribute to poor health outcomes, increased in emergency room presentations, and unplanned hospital admissions.

Socioeconomic Disparities: The distribution of RACFs varied significantly across different socioeconomic profiles in favor of people with a lower socioeconomic background across the study, measured using the IRSD. Area.

Conclusion: Urgent policy interventions are needed to expand RACFs’ capacity and to establish new facilities in areas with the greatest need. The aged health system needs increased funding, improved workforce conditions, and equitable resource allocation to create a sustainable aged care system with a high‐end quality of care.
Visualization of Small Vessels by Micro–Computed Tomography Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as a Novel Contrast Agent
Authors: Goto Taku , Tanabe Ruriko , Shibuya Hirotoshi , Tamura Masaru , Nomura Shintaro
Published: January 2025

Angiography by means of micro–computed tomography (m‐CT) is extensively used for the diagnosis of vasculature disorders. To establish a connection between m‐CT images and genuine histopathology findings, we developed two novel titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2‐NP)–based perfusion contrast agents: TiNpCA‐1 and TiNpCA‐2. Three‐dimensionally reconstructed m‐CT images in mice perfused with these contrast agents showed high resolution and accuracy in various organs without deformation or dilation of vessels. Vessels < 20  μm in diameter were clearly visualized by m‐CT, and capillaries of 4 μm in diameter were visualized by nano‐CT. After perfusion, the contrast agents were kept in the vessels by the formation of an aggregate with ethanol. Histological samples were prepared from CT‐scanned specimens. No perfusion‐induced damage or abnormal structures were observed. The signals of the contrast agents were detected clearly, and the tissue histology was of adequate quality for pathological diagnosis. Agglomerates of TiO2‐NPs were present in both agents; their approximate sizes were 1.0 and 6.0 μm in TiNpCA‐1 and 1.5 μm in TiNpCA‐2. We considered that these agglomerates were trapped within capillaries at the beginning of perfusion. And at the end of perfusion, vessels of larger size were filled with agglomerates. These findings suggest a direct correlation between the signal intensity in m‐CT imaging and the volume of contrast agent entering the vessels, indicating a quantitative aspect to the system. The low K‐edge value of titanium (4.6 KeV) ensures that the signal intensity of the contrast agent remains unaffected at low energies (40 KeV). Lower energy levels improve the contrast‐to‐noise ratio. Consequently, using titanium dioxide as a contrast agent allows us to achieve a higher contrast‐to‐noise ratio while maintaining a favorable signal‐to‐noise ratio. Our results strongly support the notion that TiO2‐NPs as a contrast agents hold promise not only for investigating circulatory disorders in experimental pathology but also for uncovering new insights in anatomical physiology.
Sustainable Development and Flood Risk Assessment in Haripur District: A Multicriteria Analysis Using AHP and Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Jehan Zulqarnain , Husnain Ali , Waseem Muhammad , Ahmad Sareer , Leta Megersa Kebede
Published: January 2025

Extreme flooding is becoming a more serious hazard to the world’s infrastructure, especially in high‐risk locations, and is linked to global warming and human activity. This research employs an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model and geographic information system (GIS) analysis to delineate flood risk zones. An eight‐factor multiparametric method to flood risk susceptibility mapping includes precipitation, distance to river, the slope, elevation, land use/cover, topographic wetness index, type of soil, and curvature. An urban flood risk index (UFRI) is established based on vulnerability mapping, revealing that approximately 33% of Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, is prone to floods. Additionally, land use cover analysis indicates that 23% of the crop area in Haripur District is at risk from flood disasters. Recognizing the potential for costly damage to infrastructure, flood hazard mapping serves as a valuable tool to prioritize risk areas for urban and agricultural development. The outcomes of this study are anticipated to significantly contribute to predisaster flood control management in the studied area.
Identification of Staphylococcus aureus Causing Contamination in Raw Beef and Meat‐Processing Environments in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Authors: Dorjgochoo Amgalanzaya , Batbayar Anujin , Tsend-Ayush Altansukh , Byambadorj Bayarlakh , Jav Sarantuya , Yandag Munkhdelger
Published: January 2025

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram‐positive bacterium capable of causing a range of infections and displaying significant antibiotic resistance. S. aureus can exhibit resistance to multi‐antibiotics, particularly penicillin, methicillin, linezolid, and daptomycin. The prevalence of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ranges from 10%–50% in China and Russia, neighboring countries of Mongolia. This study aimed to assess S. aureus contamination in raw beef samples and surface swabs from meat‐processing areas and markets, while detecting, as well as to detect virulence and resistance genes in the isolates. A total of 156 raw beef samples and 131 surface swabs were collected and analyzed using ISO 6888‐1:2021 standards. The nucA gene specific to S. aureus was amplified by PCR, and antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Resistance genes (mecA, mecC, vanA, and vanB) and virulence genes (sea, sed, tsst, eta, and etb) were detected via PCR. The results showed contamination rates of 26.9% in raw beef and 15.3% in surface swabs. The isolates exhibited high resistance to oxacillin, ampicillin, and penicillin in meat samples and to oxacillin, tetracycline, azithromycin, and clindamycin in surface swabs. No resistance genes for vancomycin or methicillin (mecC, vanA, vanB) were detected. Virulence genes, including tsst (14.5%), sea and etb (9.7%), eta (3.2%), and sed (1.6%), were identified. Contamination was more prevalent in centers responsible for both transportation and sales, compared to meat‐processing areas. These findings highlight the need for stricter hygiene and handling practices in meat transport and markets to reduce S. aureus contamination and limit the spread of resistant strains.
Fresh Futures: Cutting‐Edge Eco‐Friendly Coating Techniques for Fruits
Authors: Ammar Esraa E. , Zou Xiaobo , Ghosh Soumya , Onyeaka Helen , Elmasry Sohaila A. , Alkeay Aml M. , AL-Farga Ammar , Rady Hadeer A. , EL-Shershaby Nouran A. , Sallam Abubakr S.
Published: January 2025

Rising environmental concerns have forced many industries to seek more environmentally friendly processing methods and safer material alternatives. This review explores eco‐friendly coating techniques for extending the shelf life of fruits, aiming at reducing environmental stressors and improving ecological sustainability. The paper evaluates traditional and innovative methods, including active and passive altered environments, edible coatings, 3D food printing, and nanotechnology. The overview highlights the benefits of these techniques in maintaining freshness, cutting waste, and enhancing food quality through the entire supply chain. Additionally, the review analyzes the safety and environmental impact of eco‐friendly coatings compared to conventional counterparts. The findings underscore the importance of sustainable practices in food production, emphasizing the need for informed decisions that promote consumer welfare and environmental sustainability. The review concludes with a call for further research into biodegradable and edible materials for coatings, focusing on enhancing nutritional value, reducing spoilage, and integrating innovative technologies for food preservation.
The In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiadipogenic Properties of Pigmented Flower Extracts of Geraniaceae and Lamiaceae Plant Families
Authors: Venter Anton , Fisher Hennie , Stafford Gary I. , Serem June C. , Bester Megan J. , Duodu Kwaku G.
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the potential health‐promoting properties of new sources of natural food colorants, namely pigmented flower extracts from Geraniaceae (Pelargonium grandiflorum, Pelargonium × hortorum, Pelargonium zonale hybrid) and Lamiaceae (Salvia aurea × dolomitica, Salvia dolomitica and Plectranthus zuluensis). In the Geraniaceae family, the main phenolic acids identified were hydrolysable tannins, while the main flavonoids were rutinosides of kaempferol and quercetin. In the Lamiaceae family, the main phenolic acids were caffeic acid and its derivatives, and the main flavonoids were naringin and neohesperidin. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were higher for Geraniaceae than for Lamiaceae species. For all extracts, oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) was similar, except for P. zonale hybrid. These extracts protected Caco‐2 cells against 2, 2′‐azobis (2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) generated oxidative damage. Similarly, all extracts, except P. zonale hybrid, effectively scavenged nitric oxide (NO) and reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced NO formation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Inhibition of the formation of advanced glycation end‐products (AGE) was significant for P. grandiflorum and P. × hortorum. All pigmented flower extracts, except the P. zonale hybrid, reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Treatment during adipocyte differentiation caused cell death, except for the P. zonale hybrid. In conclusion, related to antioxidant activity, inhibition of AGE formation and lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes, P. grandiflorum was the most active, while the P. zonale hybrid was the least. These differences are potentially related to the concentration, type and stability of the polyphenols found in these pigmented flower extracts. Overall, the pigmented flower extracts of Geraniaceae and Lamiaceae show a range of health‐promoting properties that represent an additional benefit to their potential use as natural food colourants.
On a Subfamily of Analytic Functions Associated With q‐Sălăgean Operator
Authors: Gul Ihtesham , Alamri Mohammed Ali , Noor Khalida Inayat , Hussain Saqib , Darus Maslina , Noor Saima
Published: January 2025

In this article, we study a new subfamily of analytic functions associated with q‐Janowski function using q‐Sălăgean operator. We explore certain properties of the functions belonging to this new class which include sufficient condition, inclusion results, and coefficient estimate bounds for Fekete–Szegö functional. Several consequences of main results are also given.
Additive Consistency and Group Decision‐Making Consensus Analysis of Hesitant‐Intuitionistic Fuzzy Preference Relations
Authors: Feng Xue , Geng Sheng Ling , Li Yong Ming
Published: January 2025

The paper addresses the group decision‐making (GDM) problem involving hesitant‐intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (HIFPRs), focusing on additive consistency and group consensus analysis. Firstly, to preserve the original decision information effectively, the consistency improvement algorithm is designed to identify decision information requiring modification and subsequently execute a localized adjustment process. Secondly, an algorithm is developed to derive HIFPRs that satisfy both acceptable consistency and group consensus simultaneously. Additionally, an approach for calculating decision‐maker weights is proposed. Finally, to address GDM challenges within hesitant‐intuitionistic fuzzy scenarios, a novel decision method is presented. The validity of the proposed GDM approach is demonstrated through a case study involving the selection of outstanding students for exchange learning. Comparative analysis illustrates the method’s rationale and advantages.
A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Chemomechanical (Carie‐Care™) Versus Conventional Caries Removal for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment
Authors: Gupta Saloni , Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Acharya Shashidhar
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) using Carie‐Care™ versus conventional caries removal for atraumatic restorative treatment (ART).

Methods: The study included 32 children aged 6–15 years with one or more one‐surface cavitated carious lesions on the occlusal surface of permanent dentition. A total of 82 restorations were placed in permanent molars. The teeth were randomly assigned to two groups and monitored for 18 months after the intervention. For Group 1, Carie‐Care™ gel was applied directly to the carious lesion, followed by cavity washing and gentle excavation using hand instruments. For Group 2, caries was removed using the mechanical method only. The success rate of the restorations, as well as the time taken and pain reactions measured by the sound eye motor (SEM) scale, were assessed between the two groups.

Results: The SEM scores were significantly higher (p  <  0.05) in the conventional ART group than in the Carie‐Care™ group. The mean time taken for caries removal in the Carie‐Care™ group (731.15 ± 197.48 s) was significantly higher than in the ART group (596.66 ± 158.96 s) (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the clinical performance of Type IX restoration between the groups (p = 0.69).

Conclusions: The success rates of the restorations were similar between the two methods. However, the added advantage of less trauma associated with using a chemomechanical agent such as Carie‐Care™ makes it an attractive option for community health and school dental programs.
Navigating Personal, Social, and Environmental Obstacles to Healthy Lifestyle in Jordanian Adolescents
Authors: Amr Rula A. , Al-Smadi Ahmed M. , Alqutob Nanda , Akasheh Rand T.
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aimed to investigate barriers hindering healthy eating and physical activity among Jordanian adolescents.

Methods: A random sample of 1040 adolescents (596 males and 444 females) aged 11–17 from various Jordanian schools participated. A nutritionist‐administered questionnaire assessed barriers.

Results: The study unveiled diverse personal, social, and environmental barriers to healthy lifestyles. Notably, inadequate knowledge of nutrition and limited time for healthy food preparation due to homework emerged as key barriers to healthy eating. Conversely, insufficient exercise skills and reduced enjoyment of physical activity were the primary impediments to physical activity. Females perceived homework as a more substantial barrier than males (p = 0.027).

Conclusion: These barriers may contribute to increasing childhood obesity rates in Jordan. Future interventions should prioritize creating a supportive environment that respects cultural norms, emphasizing high‐quality parks, nutrition and sports education, healthier food options, student motivation, and park visits. Community engagement is crucial for fostering healthier lifestyles among Jordanian youth.
Identifying Metabolomic Mediators of the Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer Relationship
Authors: Papadimitriou Nikos , Kazmi Nabila , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Richmond Rebecca C. , Lynch Brigid M. , Bendinelli Benedetta , Ricceri Fulvio , Sánchez Maria-Jose , Trobajo-Sanmartín Camino , Jakszyn Paula , Simeon Vittorio , Severi Gianluca , Perduca Vittorio , Truong Therese , Ferrari Pietro , Keski-Rahkonen Pekka , Weiderpass Elisabete , Eichelmann Fabian , Schulze Matthias B. , Katzke Verena , Fortner Renée Turzanski , Heath Alicia K. , Aune Dagfinn , Harewood Rhea , Dahm Christina C. , Llorente Adrian , Gunter Marc J. , Murphy Neil , Lewis Sarah J.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Current evidence suggests higher physical activity (PA) levels are associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. However, the mediating role of the circulating metabolome in this relationship remains unclear.

Methods:

Targeted metabolomics data from 6,055 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort were used to identify metabolites associated with PA and derive a metabolomic signature of PA levels. PA levels were estimated using the validated Cambridge PA index based on baseline questionnaires. Mediation analyses were conducted in a nested case–control study (1,585 cases, 1,585 controls) to examine whether individual metabolites and the metabolomic signature mediated the PA–colorectal cancer association.

Results:

PA was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR per category change: 0.90, 95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.97; P value = 0.009). PA levels were associated with 24 circulating metabolites after FDR correction, with the strongest associations observed for phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl (PC ae) C34:3 (FDR-adjusted P value = 1.18 × 10−10) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl C18:2 (FDR-adjusted P value = 1.35 × 10−6). PC ae C34:3 partially mediated the PA–colorectal cancer association (natural indirect effect: 0.991, 95% confidence interval, 0.982–0.999; P value = 0.04), explaining 7.4% of the association. No mediation effects were observed for the remaining metabolites or the overall PA metabolite signature.

Conclusions:

PC ae C34:3 mediates part of the PA–colorectal cancer inverse association, but further studies with improved PA measures and extended metabolomic panels are needed.

Impact:

These findings provide insights into PA-related biological mechanisms influencing colorectal cancer risk and suggest potential targets for cancer prevention interventions.
Supplementary Material 1 from Evaluating Ovarian Cancer Risk–Reducing Salpingectomy Acceptance: A Survey
Authors: Lukey Alexandra , Sowamber Ramlogan , Huntsman David , Pearce Celeste Leigh , Howard A. Fuchsia , Meza Rafael , Law Michael R. , Phung Minh Tung , Hanley Gillian E.
Published: January 2025

Education pamphlet for participants
International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Insulin and Adjunctive Treatments in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes
Authors: Cengiz Eda , Danne Thomas , Ahmad Tariq , Ayyavoo Ahila , Beran David , Codner Ethel , Ehtisham Sarah , Jarosz-Chobot Przemyslawa , Mungai Lucy N.W. , Ng Sze May , Paterson Megan , Priyambada Leena
Published: January 2025

The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This chapter builds on the 2022 ISPAD guidelines, and updates recommendations on the principles of intensive insulin regimens, including more intensive forms of multiple daily injections with new-generation faster-acting and ultra-long-acting insulins; a summary of adjunctive medications used alongside insulin treatment that includes details on pramlintide, metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors; and key considerations with regard to access to insulin and affordability to ensure that all persons with diabetes who need insulin can obtain it without financial hardship.
O financiamento dos medicamentos nos municípios do Brasil: de quem é a responsabilidade?
Authors: Leite Silvana Nair , Lima Rodrigo Fonseca , Silva Wendell Rodrigues Oliveira da , Cavalcanti Ivanessa Thaiane do Nascimento , Santana Rafael Santos
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the investments made in medicines by the federated entities and the asymmetries in these investments from 2016 to 2020, which may have an impact on the supply of and access to these medicines in the SUS. METHODS: This is an exploratory, retrospective study to identify who are the main entities responsible for investment in Primary Care medicines in municipalities, the evolution, counterparts, and regional differences of this investment between 2016 and 2020. RESULTS: The amounts spent on medicines by Brazilian municipalities were higher than the contribution to the CBAF from the MS or the MS + State in all the years analyzed. The average percentages of federal funds transferred and municipal spending varied according to the region of Brazil. The average per capita amount invested in medicines by municipalities increased between 2016 and 2020 (deflation applied), with a greater impact for municipalities with lower MHDI. The Farmácia Popular program mainly reaches municipalities with the largest populations and the highest MHDI and is therefore not enough to address the inequalities in access pointed out. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a widening of inequalities in the capacity of municipalities to ensure access to medicines, especially among the most vulnerable municipalities, accumulating even more risks of illnesses and deaths from primary care-sensitive diseases.