bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Sensitivity of Global Maize Price to Regional Productions Using Statistical and Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Zelingher Rotem , Makowski David , Brunelle Thierry
Published: June 2021

Agricultural price shocks strongly affect farmers' income and food security. It is therefore important to understand and anticipate their origins and occurrence, particularly for the world's main agricultural commodities. In this study, we assess the impacts of yearly variations in regional maize productions and yields on global maize prices using several statistical and machine-learning (ML) methods. Our results show that, of all regions considered, Northern America is by far the most influential. More specifically, our models reveal that a yearly yield gain of +8% in Northern America negatively impacts the global maize price by about –7%, while a decrease of –0.1% is expected to increase global maize price by more than +7%. Our classification models show that a small decrease in the maize yield in Northern America can inflate the probability of maize price increase on the global scale. The maize productions in the other regions have a much lower influence on the global price. Among the tested methods, random forest and gradient boosting perform better than linear models. Our results highlight the interest of ML in analyzing global prices of major commodities and reveal the strong sensitivity of maize prices to small variations of maize production in Northern America.
Etiology of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH): A Cross-Sectional Study of Saudi Children
Authors: Alhowaish Latifa , Baidas Laila , Aldhubaiban Mohammed , Bello Lanre L. , Al-Hammad Nouf
Published: June 2021

(1) Background: Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common clinical condition with critical negative consequences for dental health. The etiology of MIH is still not completely understood, although several theories have been suggested. (2) Aim: To investigate the etiology of MIH defects in a sample of Saudi school children. (3) Method: A total of 893 school children in the age range of 8–10 years participated in the study. The sample was taken from Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The participating children were examined for MIH using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Criteria. The children’s parents were asked about the child’s pre, peri-, and postnatal condition utilizing a structured and validated questionnaire. (4) Results: A total of 362 children (168 males and 194 females) were affected with MIH, for a prevalence of 40.5%. Among all analyzed etiological factors, only jaundice was found to be significantly associated with MIH in children (OR = 1.35, p = 0.047). Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that the only significant etiological factor for MIH was newborn jaundice (p = 0.04). (5) Conclusion: Newborn jaundice was the only etiological factor that showed a significant association with MIH in the studied Saudi school children.
Forced Convection Nanofluid Heat Transfer as a Function of Distance in Microchannels
Authors: Vafaei Saeid , Yeager Jonathan A. , Daluga Peter , Scherer Branden
Published: June 2021

As electronic devices become smaller and more powerful, the demand for micro-scale thermal management becomes necessary in achieving a more compact design. One way to do that is enhancing the forced convection heat transfer by adding nanoparticles into the base liquid. In this study, the nanofluid forced convection heat transfer coefficient was measured inside stainless-steel microchannels (ID = 210 μm) and heat transfer coefficient as a function of distance was measured to explore the effects of base liquid, crystal phase, nanoparticle material, and size on heat transfer coefficient. It was found that crystal phase, characteristics of nanoparticles, the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid can play a significant role on heat transfer coefficient. In addition, the effects of man-made and commercial TiO2 on heat transfer coefficient were investigated and it was found that man-made anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were more effective to enhance the heat transfer coefficient, for given conditions. This study also conducted a brief literature review on nanofluid forced convection heat transfer to investigate how nanofluid heat transfer coefficient as a function of distance would be affected by effective parameters such as base liquid, flow regime, concentration, and the characteristics of nanoparticles (material and size).
Diabetes Mellitus Promotes Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation in Mouse Ureteral Tissue through the P-ERK/P-JNK/VEGF/PKC Signaling Pathway
Authors: Choi Taesoo , Lee Jeong-Woo , Kim Su-Kang , Yoo Koo-Han
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a significant factor affecting spontaneous stone expulsion, as suggested by previous research. Materials and methods: We investigated the influence of DM on the ureter using a murine model. The mouse-model arm of this study used 20 15 -week-old mice, including 10 normal (control) mice and 10 DM mice. We measured the proximal, middle and distal ureteral smooth muscle thickness in each mouse and the differences among ureteral sections were analyzed. Mouse ureteral specimens were also analyzed via western blotting to detect relative protein expression of phosphor–extracellular signal regulated kinases (P–ERK), phosphor–C–Jun N–terminal kinase (P–JNK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and protein kinase C (PKC), which are representative factors involved in cell regulation. Results: We observed significant hyperproliferation of ureteral smooth muscle in DM mice compared to normal mice, which may provoke reduced peristalsis. The ureteral smooth muscle of DM mice was significantly thicker than that of normal mice in all ureteral tissues: proximal (p = 0.040), mid (p = 0.010), and distal (p = 0.028). The relative protein expression of P-ERK (p = 0.005) and P–JNK (p = 0.001) was higher in the diabetic group compared to the normal group. Additionally, protein expression of VEGF (p = 0.002) and PKC (p = 0.001) were remarkably up-regulated in DM mice. Conclusions: Hyperproliferation of ureteral smooth muscle was observed in DM mice, but not in normal mice. The pathways mediated by P–ERK, P–JNK, VEGF, and PKC may play an important role in pathological ureteral conditions.
Evaluation of Dissipation Behavior, Residues, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Fludioxonil in Cherry via QuEChERS Using HPLC-MS/MS Technique
Authors: Yao Shunyu , Zhao Zixi , Lu Wang , Dong Xin , Hu Jiye , Liu Xiaolu
Published: June 2021

The chemical fungicide fludioxonil is widely used to control post-harvest fungal disease in cherries. This study was implemented to investigate the dissipation behaviours and residues of fludioxonil on cherries. A reliable and efficient analytical method was established. Cherry samples from four product areas were analyzed by QuEChERS and HPLC-MS/MS methods with acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (recoveries of 81–94%), and precision (relative standard deviation of 2.5–11.9%). The limits of quantification (LOQs) and limits of detection (LODs) of cherries were 0.01 mg/kg and 0.005 mg/kg. The dissipation of fludioxonil on cherries followed first order kinetics with half-lives of 33.7–44.7 days. The terminal residues of fludioxonil were all lower than 5.00 mg/kg, which is the MRL recommended by the European Commission. According to Chinese dietary patterns and terminal residue distributions, the risk quotient (RQs) of fludioxonil was 0.61%, revealing that the evaluated cherries exhibited an acceptably low dietary risk to consumers.
Synthesis of 4-Substituted-1,2-Dihydroquinolines by Means of Gold-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation Reaction of N-Ethoxycarbonyl-N-Propargylanilines
Authors: Arcadi Antonio , Calcaterra Andrea , Fabrizi Giancarlo , Fochetti Andrea , Goggiamani Antonella , Iazzetti Antonia , Marrone Federico , Marsicano Vincenzo , Mazzoccanti Giulia , Serraiocco Andrea
Published: June 2021

An alternative Au(I)-catalyzed synthetic route to functionalized 1,2-dihydroquinolines is reported. This novel approach is based on the use of N-ethoxycarbonyl protected-N-propargylanilines as building blocks that rapidly undergo the IMHA reaction affording the 6-endo cyclization product in good to high yields. In the presence of N-ethoxycarbonyl-N-propargyl-meta-substituted anilines, the regiodivergent cyclization at the ortho-/para-position is achieved by the means of catalyst fine tuning.
Gertrude Bonnin on Sexual Morality
Authors: Lewandowski Tadeusz
Published: June 2021

This paper examines attitudes to sexual morality held by the Yankton Dakota author and activist Gertrude Bonnin (1876–1938), better known by her penname Zitkála-Šá (Red Bird in Lakota). Bonnin’s concerns encompass several themes: the victimization of Indian women, disintegration of Native courtship rituals, sexual threats posed by peyote use, and the predatory nature of Euro-American men. This critique as a whole — in which a ‘white invasion,’ in her words, leads to a corruption of Native sexuality — sometimes produces inconsistencies, particularly regarding Bonnin’s statements on the alleged sexual perils of peyote. Her investigations into the Oklahoma guardianship scandals of the 1920s, however, strongly buttress recent research by Sarah Deer (2015), whose study, The Beginning and End of Rape: Confronting Sexual Violence in Native America, highlights the tragic aspects of Native-white sexual relations under United States settler-colonialism.
Margaret Atwood’s "Oryx and Crake" as a Critique of Technological Utopianism
Authors: Kabak Murat
Published: June 2021

While there are major works tracing the themes of belonging and longing for home in contemporary fiction, there is no current study adequately addressing the connection between dystopian novel and nostalgia. This paper aims to illustrate how the Canadian writer Margaret Atwood uses nostalgia as a framework to level a critique against technological utopianism in her dystopian novel Oryx and Crake (2003). The first novel in Atwood’s “MaddAddam Trilogy” problematizes utopian thought by focusing on the tension between two utopian projects: the elimination of all suffering and the perfection of human beings by discarding their weaknesses. Despite the claims of scientific objectivity and environmentalism, the novel exposes the religious and human-centered origins of Crake’s technological utopian project. Atwood’s Oryx and Crake is an ambiguous work of science fiction that combines utopian and dystopian elements into its narrative to criticize utopian thought.
Identity and Diasporic Trauma in Mira Jacob's "The Sleepwalker's Guide to Dancing"
Authors: Alghaberi Jameel , Mukherjee Sanjay
Published: June 2021

This article explores the assimilation politics in Mira Jacob’s Novel The Sleepwalker’s Guide to Dancing (2013). The intersection of memory, trauma, and mourning with reference to immigrant experience is discussed. In terms of assimilation, Barkan’s six stage model is critiqued, and diasporic ‘hybridity’ is proposed as an alternative to the notion of total assimilation. In the analysis of traumatic experience, the paper makes reference to Caruth’s formulations of the ‘abreactive model’. The Sleepwalker’s Guide to Dancing (2013) is a transcultural text that represents the gap that truly exists between the first-generation immigrants and their offspring. It is a typical trauma novel featuring timeless and unspeakable experiences. The novel does not present a postcolonial collective trauma but invariably an example of diasporic imagined trauma. By presenting two contrasting generations in her novel, Mira Jacob attempts to highlight the dilemmas that baffle diasporas in the United States particularly of those that resist assimilation. Much of the narrative projects the haunting presence of home, and the anguish of personal loss experienced by first generation immigrants. Moreover, the novel questions the nostalgic and romantic engagements with the past and it promotes a bold affirmation of the culture of the adopted land. In other words, Mira Jacob calls for more genuine engagements with the new culture that the second and the third-generation immigrants are more exposed to than their home culture because their in-between status leaves them with no choice.
The level of female hormones and their relationship with vitamin D in patients of different age groups
Authors: Minaso Timur Bulatovich , Alakaeva Diana Rilevna , Fatkullina Lilia Zufarovna , Vershinina Angela Yurievna , Soboleva Yulia Viktorovna , Yakupova Ekaterina Rishatovna , Musin Ilnur Irekovich
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D affects estrogen level by stimulating the synthesis of testosterone, estrogen and progesterone. Insufficiency of vitamin D leads to a decrease in the values of these steroid hormones. The average value of 25 (OH) D was 26.95 ± 16.6 ng/ml, which indicates insufficiency. The median estradiol was 47.85 pg/ml, which is below the reference values during the follicular phase. Vitamin D deficiency in this sample may be one of the reasons. Prophylactic vitamin D and calcium supplementation will contribute to the improvement of this situation.
Conceptual foundations of Japan’s modern energy policy: a post-crisis paradigm shift
Authors: Mishchenko Yana Vadimovna
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the modern energy policy of Japan. The main analysis is devoted to the transformation of the Japanese energy development strategy after two large-scale energy crises in the country’s recent history — the "oil shocks" of the 1970s and the "nuclear crisis" of 2011. These crises initially occurred in diff erent sectors of energy and one had an external character (was provoked by the actions of Gulf countries) and internal (man-made accidents in Japan), but they both exposed the vulnerability of the structure of the Japanese fuel and energy crisis and demanded rethinking and transformation of energy policy. The article examines the extent to which Japan has managed to formulate and implement new eff ective approaches to overcome the energy crisis that has arisen since 2011. and caused by internal causes (endogenous factors), and the modernization of the national fuel and energy complex, in comparison with the anti-crisis measures taken in the fi eld of energy policy transformation after the energy crisis of the 1970s, caused by exogenous causes. For this purpose, the offi cial strategic plans for the development of energy in Japan are analyzed, starting from 2010 and up to the current plan for 2018. The article also examines the offi cial government plans for the technological development of the country’s energy sector up to 2050. The author attempts to track how the attitude to the use of nuclear power generation changed after 2011 in Japan and why it was still decided not to abandon it. The role of renewable energy sources in achieving these goals is analyzed. In the article, the author focuses on how, after the energy crises of the 1970s and 2011, approaches to the interpretation of the concept of national energy security. changed in Japan.
Desarrollo en Transición en América Latina en tiempos de la COVID-19
Authors: Nieto Sebastián , da Costa Rita
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es abordar, bajo la lente del enfoque de Desarrollo en Transición, las acciones que la región deberá llevar a cabo para mejorar el bienestar de toda la ciudadanía en la era post-COVID. El enfoque de Desarrollo en Transición nos recuerda la importancia de ir más allá del PIB y adoptar cri- terios multidimensionales para salir de las trampas del desarrollo. Una cooperación internacional reforzada es imprescindible en este sentido. Este artículo subraya la utilidad de impulsar dicho enfoque para garantizar la implementación de un contrato social renovado, apoyado en una cooperación internacional facilitadora basada en nuevos mecanismos y nuevas prácticas que tengan en cuenta: las megatendencias globales, las interconexiones crecientes entre las políticas públicas nacionales y el ámbito internacional, y la necesidad de generar mayores capacidades domésticas para la recuperación post-COVID, gracias a diálogos entre pares, intercambio de conocimiento y acciones colectivas innovadoras para enfrentar retos comunes.
THE USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PRACTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Mazur O.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the concept, types and essence of special knowledge in criminal proceedings, as well as their evidentiary value in pre-trial investigation and trial. It is analyzed the practice of the European Court of Human Rights on the appointment of a forensic examination.
The objectives of criminal proceedings are to ensure a prompt, complete and impartial investigation and trial so that everyone who has committed a criminal offense is prosecuted to the best of his/her own fault. In addition, an innocent person is accused or convicted, no person is exposed, unjustified procedural coercion, and that due process is applied to each participant in criminal proceedings.
It is emphasized that among the ways of collecting evidence by the parties to criminal proceedings listed in the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine, there are those that require the use of special knowledge, namely: requesting and obtaining expert conclusions and carrying out other procedural actions with the participation of a specialist. At the same time, the expert opinion is an independent source of evidence.
Special knowledge in criminal proceedings is used in the investigation of any criminal offenses, but the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine does not define its concept, despite the fact that many scientific works have been devoted to the issue. Unfortunately, the legislator has not yet reflected the conclusions of scientists about the essence of special knowledge.
It is considered examples of practice in the appointment and conduct of forensic examinations and the fact of violation of the law, when applying special knowledge.
Based on the analysis of theoretical and various aspects of the use of special knowledge in criminal proceedings, a conclusion is made about the extremely important value of special knowledge for the process of proving and fulfilling the tasks of criminal proceedings.
On the example of the decision of the European Court of Human Rights, attention is drawn to the inadmissibility of violations of the requirements of the current legislation in the work of an investigator, prosecutor, judge, since this can lead to negative consequences.
FEATURES OF CONDUCTING FIELD RESEARCH AT THE OBJECTS OF THE ROAD NETWORK AND LABORATORY STUDIES OF ROAD SURFACE SAMPLES DURING THE FORENSIC CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNICAL EXAMINATION AND FORENSIC EXAMINATION OF MATERIALS, SUBSTANCES AND PRODUCTS
Authors: Posilskyi O. , Savenok O. , Chaliuk I. , Burlaka І.
Published: June 2021

According to the requirements of regulatory documentation, there are a large number of indicators measured for asphalt concrete. Modern expert practice shows that the forensic examination of asphalt concrete although relies on the research methods specified in GOST (National Standards of Ukraine), but requires its optimization.
Carrying out field research at the objects of the road network, regulates the methodology, sequence and rules for measuring and taking samples of the road surface for laboratory tests.
The main stages of research at the objects of the road network:
I. Preparation for field research.
II. Identification of the object on the ground.
III. Inspection of the object of study in order to establish the characteristics and boundaries of the work.
IV. Fixation (photo-video shooting, topography) of the performed works.
V. Carrying out measurements of the volume of completed construction work.
VI. Sampling.
VII. Recording the results of research.
VIII. Conducting laboratory tests.
In turn, laboratory tests have the following main stages:
I. Photo of packaging, photo of samples (center marks or cuttings).
II. Numbering (marking) of research objects.
III. Measuring the thickness of the center marks layers.
IV. Mechanical separation of center marks or cuttings into layers.
V. Washing objects and drying it to constant weight.
VI. Determination of the average density of asphalt concrete.
VII. Determination of water saturation.
VIII. Making a pooled sample.
IX. Determining the amount of astringent.
X. Determination of the grain composition of the mineral part of the mixture.
XI. Determination of the actual density of the mixture by pycnometric method (for RMACM).
XII. Determination of residual porosity (for RMACM).
XIII. Reshaping of samples (for HACM).
XIV. Determination of the average density of reshaped samples.
XV. Determination of water saturation of reshaped samples.
XVI. Determination of compaction coefficient.
XVII. Determination of compressive strength.
The expert practice of the authors in this article made it possible to transform the stages of forensic examination of asphalt pavements so that the effectiveness of such examination has increased.
The proposed methodology, sequence and rules of field research on the objects of the road network in terms of sampling of pavement and subsequent laboratory tests of these samples, enable experts to provide a qualitative and objective conclusion.
RESEARCH OF MANUSCRIPTS, PERFORMED ON DIFFERENT SURFACES AT CONDUCTING A FORENSIC HANDWRITING EXAMINATION
Authors: Mamchur O.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the issues of qualification of objects of forensic handwriting examination. Handwritten notes made on different surfaces in the system of objects of handwriting examination are considered. Specific features of the appointment and performance of handwriting examinations in relation to handwriting objects made on different surfaces are presented.
It is concluded that the identification of the performer of a particular recording is possible only when the features of the performer’s handwriting are sufficiently reflected, which in its totality are individual, that is, inherent only in the handwriting of a certain person. As a result, individual strokes and numbers that do not reflect the totality of signs of the writing of their performers, as a rule, do not allow establishing the artist of these recordings.
Despite a number of factors that make it difficult to study handwritten objects made on various surfaces, the solution of identification and some diagnostic problems for this type of objects is still possible. This possibility is determined not only by the output characteristics of the handwritten note being studied, but also by the preparation for conducting the corresponding research at all stages of the appointment and carrying out forensic handwriting examination.
THE POSSIBILITY OF TRACEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION LOCKS AND SEALS OF THE ESTABLISHMENT THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF CRIMINOGENIC NATURE
Authors: Tomyn S. , Lyshak O.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the role of forensic traceological examination in establishing the circumstances conducive to the commission of criminal offenses. The authors substantiate the thesis that, among other diagnostic tasks that are solved by the forensic and traceological examination of locks, it is important to resolve the issue of a malfunction of the lock mechanism and its causes, as well as the suitability of the lock for use by appointment. The study of locks of various designs by experts allows to determine the following main disadvantages that make it impossible to use it for its intended purpose: constructive primitiveness of the locking mechanism; production of a large number of locks with the same secrets, that is, virtually no secrets; unreasonable dimensional characteristics of some interacting parts; lack of proper padlocks.
Deviations from the requirements of state standards and technical conditions by manufacturing enterprises for which the production of locks is not profiling lead to a significant decrease in the security properties of products.
Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that in all cases when the expert establishes that the design of the lock is unsuccessful. Alternatively, the details that form the secret of the locking mechanism do not provide a secret, in the order of the expert initiative, in his/her conclusion must: first, reflect this circumstance. Secondly, to explain what the secret of a particular design is, as well as what exactly in this lock, if it were made with high quality, would make it difficult to unlock with a foreign body, and what specific reasons make it easier to open it with foreign objects. Third, to propose ways to eliminate the identified shortcomings.
To other circumstances of a criminogenic nature that can be detected by trace evidence experts, the authors also include the inadequacy of premises for storing money, shortcomings in the packaging of material values that facilitate theft, imperfection of the seals used for sealing containers, improper hanging of a seal, etc.
CURRENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY IDENTIFICATION EXAMINATION BASED ON APPEARANCE (FACIAL IDENTIFICATION)
Authors: Pedko K.
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the current state of examination of personality identification based on appearance. The question of changing the object of research in the specified examination was raised. It has been established that with the development of digital technologies, multi-angle facial images began to prevail as an object of research, and studies of video recordings are widespread.
The different position of the head in the studied images led to the impossibility of using a significant number of comparative research methods: alignment along the medial line, alignment along a broken line, image editing, applications, “masks”, overlaying translucent images, comparison of relative values, overlay of coordinate grids, construction of geometric shapes. The transformation of research objects necessitates a change in the methods of comparative research.
It is indicated that with the proliferation of video images, the identification capabilities of the examination have increased: an expert can examine images of an identifiable person on the entire video sequence. A common disadvantage of video recordings is image quality. For research, video recordings from external video surveillance cameras are often received, but the purpose of installing such cameras is to fix the environment, and not the faces of people. This explains the poor image quality.
A frequent problem in carrying out examinations for the identification of a person by signs of appearance is the “recognition effect”. At the first glance at the image, one may get the impression that it is suitable for identification in the framework of portrait examination. However, this impression is most often mistaken. Often people have a sense of the obviousness of the image of a particular person in the frame if they have experience of interaction with this person. In addition, upon a detailed study of the image, an expert may conclude that it is unusable. The captured signs of appearance do not always constitute the necessary complex for the possibility of conducting research.
The current state of examination in identifying a person based on appearance suggests the need to develop comparison methods that could take into account the difference in the angles of the people under study. These methods include a graphical identification algorithm, a method of dimensional ratios of individual elements of appearance, and mathematical research methods. Further development in these areas is promising for expanding the possibilities of carrying out facial identification.
TO BE OR NOT TO BE, THE CONCLUSION OF THE HANDWRITING EXPERTS
Authors: Bandurko V.
Published: June 2021

The thesis is aimed at considering situations that arise during the performance of handwriting examinations in which conclusions are possible that have various legal consequences for the parties to the trial. This is because of the fact that when assigning a handwriting examination, there are situations when a small number of signature samples are provided for a comparative study or the interested party of the torturer misleads the expert by providing false signature samples.
By carefully studying the case materials, the expert manages to establish additional samples of signatures, which are not mentioned in the document on the appointment of a handwriting examination. It helps the expert to determine and come to a categorical conclusion which case the signature in the document under study was affixed not by the person himself, but by another person. Or confirm the fact with one hundred percent certainty that the signature was made by one of the relatives.
In such cases, if it were not for additional samples from the case materials, it is possible for an expert to come to a false conclusion. The question may arise whether the expert violates sub-clause 3, clause 2.3. Instructions, the expert is prohibited from: “independently collecting materials that are subject to research, as well as choosing outgoing data for the examination, if they are displayed ambiguously in the materials provided to him/her”. But clause 2.1. of the Instruction state that the expert has the right to indicate in his conclusion the facts revealed during the examination that are significant for the case, but regarding which he/she was not asked questions and the circumstances that contributed (could contribute) to the commission of the offense.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DISCOUNTING RATE CHOICE IN FORENSIC ECONOMICS RESEARCH
Authors: Paientko T. , Rudaia M.
Published: June 2021

The article summarizes the methodological approaches to the choice of discount rate. The purpose of the article is to substantiate methodological approaches to the selection of the discount rate concerning the examination related to the recognition of assets and liabilities requiring discounted valuations in the financial statements.
The practical application of the discount rate methodology is explored. One of the most important models for estimating expected returns on securities portfolios, equity and the basis for setting risk premiums and discount rates is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). In spite of the fact that the mandatory use of the model in Ukraine is absent at legislative level, the correctness of its application is confirmed by long-term business practice worldwide.
It has been determined, that in order to protect the position of legal experts in the preparation of opinions related to local risk-free rate for evaluation of the discount rate determination it is suggested to use global risk-free rate with the appropriate adjustments. The algorithm for calculating the discount rate on the model of capital assets cost, which is possible to apply in the current realities of Ukraine, is substantiated.
EXPERT ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGE AND PROVIDING MEDICAL CARE TO DETENTIONED IN TEMPORARY DETENTION ISOLATOR CONDITIONS
Authors: Babkina O. , Zosimenko V.
Published: June 2021

As a result of the analysis, we have demonstrated that the implementation of the main provisions of the Istanbul Protocol in Ukraine is at a sufficiently high level, is a national strategy for the protection of human rights, however, the question remains regarding the implementation of certain provisions in the prevention of torture and ill-treatment. The main standards of the regulatory framework of Ukraine comply with the Istanbul Convention. Today in Ukraine, there are still cases of violations of Article 3 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms on Human Rights, including those concerning the unsatisfactory state of fixing bodily injuries, refusal to provide adequate medical care and inadequate provision of medical care to persons in places of detention. Therefore, an important aspect is to ensure the organization of timely and adequate provision of medical care to persons in places of detention. At the same time, it is necessary to conduct a detailed record of maintaining medical records on the prisoner’s state of health, fixing the existing injuries, the timeliness and correctness of the diagnostic and treatment methods that the prisoner received while in custody, indicating which types of diagnostics and treatment were prescribed for the detainees and which ones he actually received, where/when/by whom were carried out, etc. To establish the fact of presence/absence, mechanism and prescription of occurrence, severity of injuries, proper/inappropriate provision of medical assistance to persons in places of detention, when providing legal assistance, it is necessary to prescribe forensic medical examinations. Timely identification of cases of violations of Article 3 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of Human Rights, with subsequent response, plays an important role in the development of a system of measures to prevent, promote and prevent torture and ill-treatment in places of detention.
THE CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF USING DIGITAL 3D MODEL AS A MEANS OF COGNITION AND REPRESENTATION OF SIGNS OF CRIMINAL OFFENSE
Authors: Kovalenko А.
Published: June 2021

The article forms the conceptual principles of use of digital 3D model as means of cognition and display of signs of a criminal offense in criminal proceedings. A 3D model can be defined as a digital, three-dimensional image of an object, which reflects its external structure and color, accurately and proportionally reproduces the ratio of its spatial features. It can directly contain information about the shape, proportions, color and mutual placement in space of the elements of the original object. Provided the manufacturing technology is followed, the model is isomorphic to original object. Such a model serves as a means of cognition and reflection of forensically significant features of a criminal offense.
The main methods for making 3D models are reconstruction (modeling) and scanning. 3D reconstruction (or 3D modeling) can be defined as the process of reproducing a 3D model of a forensic significant object based on information about it contained in the materials of criminal proceedings. The reconstructed models can be used during investigative (search) actions and for solving organizational problems. 3D scanning consists in the direct fixation of the external spatial features of the object using a special software and hardware complex, followed by the formation of a digital three-dimensional model of the object. Subject to compliance with the procedural requirements for the use of technical means of fixing forensically significant information, scanned 3D models will be sources of evidentiary information in criminal proceedings.
3D scanning is a promising method for recording the course and results of an inspection of the scene of an incident, inspection of a corpse or things; it can be used for fixing signs of a person's appearance, as well as for solving identification and diagnostics tasks in forensic activities. The invariability of the 3D model can be ensured by calculating the hash of the file that contains it.
SEPARATE ELEMENTS OF THE CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTIC OF INFANT KILLING
Authors: Kovtun А.
Published: June 2021

The article describes and details the individual elements of the forensic characteristics of the crime under Article 117 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, namely, the mother’s murder of her newborn child. The study of investigative practice and special literature on the scientific organization of the investigation, in particular the murder of her newborn child by a mother, shows that this activity is impossible without the use of such a scientific category as a forensic characteristic. Since the forensic characteristic is a kind of information model that will allow, in the course of the investigation of this offense, to correctly assess the investigative situation, to determine the organizational and legal actions at the initial stage of the investigation, namely, the construction of versions, the preparation of appropriate plans, etc.
Having in its arsenal information regarding the individual elements of this offense, namely: the way the mother committed the murder of her newborn child, the place and time of its commission, information about the identity of the offender, in this case the woman in labor, the child who was found dead, as well as changes in the environment and other information will allow the investigating authorities to more effectively predict the possible course of events, establish all the circumstances to be proved, as well as the persons involved in the committed offense.
SOME FEATURES OF INSPECTION TACTICS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CORRUPTION CRIMES COMMITTED IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES
Authors: Motlich Yu.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the tactics of inspection in the investigation of corruption crimes committed in local government bodies. The problem of corruption in the world is quite relevant for Ukraine. Therefore, forensic science faces an important task of providing investigative practice with useful and effective recommendations for the implementation of the investigation of corruption crimes in local government bodies.
The article considers the main tasks of the inspection, the peculiarities of preparation and conduct of this investigative action. It was determined that during the investigation, the investigator should conduct a general inspection of the scene, as well as an inspection of objects and documents. An important role in the investigation of this category of crimes is played by inspection and seizure of documents, which should include official documents (contracts, extracts, reporting documents, inspection reports), various notebooks, diaries, notebooks, business and personal notes, drafts and more. Quite often, a specialist in the field of accounting is involved in reviewing documents in the investigation of corruption crimes committed in local government bodies.
OPTICAL PROFILOMETRY AS A METHOD FOR DETECTING INDENTED WRITING
Authors: Elyashiv Ariel , Wiesner Sarena
Published: June 2021

The current methodology for indented writing detection involves electrostatic detection apparatus (ESDA) processing and oblique light. While commonly used in forensics analysis, ESDA has several drawbacks, including its unsuitability for documents of certain shapes and densities, the damage it occasionally causes to evidence, its need for prior humidification in order to process documents, and the ozone it creates. In this study we evaluated optical profilometry as an alternative to ESDA. We tested several optical profilometer brands and showed their capacity for detecting very slight indentations, even to the magnitude of 8µm. We also obtained the clear resolution of a 3D image of this writing.
IDENTIFICATION PROCESS PERSON IN VIDEO RECORDING
Authors: Vashchuk O.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the characteristics of certain components of the process of identification of a person by the features of nonverbal information coming from his appearance in the video. The purpose of this study is to determine the identity of the features of non-verbal information objects (in statics) and its properties (in dynamics) in videos. It is stated that the research methods are system analysis, comparative analysis, synthesis, one-dimensional comparison, multidimensional comparison and its author’s modifications depending on the objects of a particular study.
It is stated that the objects of research in cases may be sources of nonverbal information in the video, which indicate the individual characteristics of the person and the features by which he can be identified. The subject of the study correlates with the object of the study and is determined by the sources of nonverbal information in the video. Thus, the subject of research in cases is nonverbal information in the video, which indicates the individual characteristics and properties of the person and the features by which he can be identified.
The process of research of nonverbal information objects in the video is revealed: it is a stage (preliminary, separate and comparative research; summarizing). It has been determined that samples in the study of objects of nonverbal information in video can be free and experimental and must meet clearly defined requirements. Preliminary research of nonverbal information objects includes preparatory actions, and separate research – a separate study of identification features and properties of comparative objects. The process of comparative research involves the accumulation of data and results from previous stages and a comparative study of the identification features and properties of objects. The process of summarizing the results includes evaluation of research results, formulation of conclusions and proper design of expert research of the whole process of research of a person on the features of nonverbal information coming from his appearance in the video.
The prospect of further development on creation of a technique of complex expert research of the person on materials of video recording at the level of the independent certified technique included in the Register of methods of carrying out forensic examinations is announced.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Persediaan Barang Dagang Menggunakan SAK EMKM Berbasis Web
Authors: Yulianto Hery Dwi , Maulana Dyan Fachri
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat suatu perancangan sistem informasi akuntansi persediaan barang dagangan pada Toko Cireng Cinta dengan berbasis website dan SAK EMKM, dimana diharapkan dengan dibangunnya sistem tersebut dapat memberikan gambaran aplikasi sistem informasi akuntansi persediaan barang dagang yang tepat. Saat ini Toko Cireng Cinta masih menggunakan pengolahan keseluruhsan secara manual, dimana saat melakukan pemesanan produk harus mendatangi tempat penjual untuk melakukan pemesanan atau melalui via SMS atau WA, setelah itu saat pengambilan tidak diberi bukti pembayaran yang seharusnya itu bisa menjadi bukti untuk nanti pembuatan laporan. Pengelolaan persediaan pun masih secara manual dan belum menggunakan standar akuntansi yang ada. Maka dari itu dengan dibuatkannya perancangan sistem informasi akuntansi persediaan barang dagangan ini untuk memudahkan pengembangan aplikasi sesuai dengan SAK EMKM dan kegiatan perusahaan. Medode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah  metode deskriptif dan juga survey, dimana dengan melakukan survey langsung pada tempat kegiatan memudahkan untuk melihat langsung kekurangan dan potensi yang mungkin dapat dikembangan lebih lanjut. Unit analisis yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah Toko Cireng Cinta, populasi yang diteliti adalah laporan persediaan dari mulai Januari-April 2020. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan bisa mengetahui tentang sistem informasi persediaan barang dagang, juga membuat perancangan sistem yang akan diterapkan pada perusahaan. Proses perancangan dari pembuatan ERD, Diagram Konteks, Struktur menu program, kode akun, jurnal umum, dan kartu persediaan barang dagangan diperlukan oleh perusahaan. Dengan terbangunnya sistem ini akan memudahkan proses integrasi permasalahan perusahaan dengan perancangan aplikasi kedepannya.
The border pegmatites of the Ilímaussaq intrusion
Authors: Westergaard A.S
Published: June 2021

Detailed studies of the unique Ilimaussaq intrusion were continued in the summer of 1968. The importance of the pegmatites lies in their content of rare minerals which, in many cases, are also of economic interest (Sørensen, 1962). In the present study attention was focussed on the border pegmatites.
Field mapping in the inner part of the Scoresby Sund area, East Greenland
Authors: Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

A five year systematic field mapping programme in the Scoresby Sund area of East Greenland between 70°N and 72°N was begun in the summer of 1968. The expedition was based on the 1200 tons polar vessel "Martin Karlsen" which carried 2 Bell helicopters (chartered from Heliswiss, Berne) and supported a few small boats. 31 expedition members and a boat crew of 20 persons participated in the expedition which lasted approx. 2 months. The expedition members included 12 two-man geological parties of which 7 mapped in the crystalline complex in inner Nordvestfjord and on Bjørneøer, 3 in the upper Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments of northern Jameson Land (see T. Birkelund and K. Perch-Nielsen, this report), one party mapped Tertiary basalts (see W. S. Watt, this report) and one made glaciological investigations of glaciers in the Nordvestfjord area (see O. B. Olesen and N. Reeh, this report). Approximately 8000 km2 were mapped on a scale of 1:50 000 around inner Nordvestfjord, west of Nordbugten.
Field mapping in Upper Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments of Scoresby Land and Jameson Land
Authors: Birkelund T , Perch-Nielsen K
Published: June 2021

Work on mapping southern Scoresby Land and Jameson Land started in 1968 as part of the five years project of mapping the whole Scoresby Sund region. Three field parties spent the six-week season mapping in the northern part of the area.
Glacier observations in Nordvestfjord, Scoresby Sund district
Authors: Olesen O.B , Reeh N
Published: June 2021

In recent years great interest concerning the balance of the Greenland ice sheet (Indlandsisen) has developed and considerable efforts have been expended to throw light on the problem. Perhaps the biggest error in calculations is the estimation of the production of calf ice from the East Greenland glaciers, from which almost no accurate data are available.
The chronology and petrography of the Gardar dykes between Igaliko Fjord and Redekammen, South Greenland
Authors: Allaart J.H
Published: June 2021

The intrusion of the Precambrian dykes of the area between Igaliko Fjord and Redekammen probably spans the greater part of the Gardar period. These dykes consist of various generations of lamprophyres, olivine dolerites, feldspar xenocryst dykes, and just saturated and undersaturated microsyenites. Often the alkaline dykes are composite. A tentative chronological interpretation, mainly based on intersections, is presented.
Preliminary report on K/Ar datings in the south-eastern part of the Ivigtut region
Authors: Larsen O
Published: June 2021

In the lvigtut region the Ketilidian supracrustal rocks are exposed mainly on Arsuk ø and in a narrow belt stretching along the margin of the Inland lee (Berthelsen & Noe-Nygaard, 1965; Windley et al., 1966). This belt narrows to less than 1 km along the north side of Qôrnoq fjord. The metamorphic grade of the supracrustal rocks increases southwards from lower greenschist facies in northern Grænseland and on Midternæs to epidote amphibolite facies around Qôrnoq fjord and Kiniilik.
Observations on the Quaternary geology of the Rødefjord region, Scoresby Sund, East Greenland
Authors: Funder S
Published: June 2021

During the summer of 1970 mapping of Quaternary geology was carried out in the inner part of the Scoresby Sund fjord complex in an area extending from Rypefjord and Harefjord through Rødefjord and Fønfjord to Gåsepynt (map 3). The rock types in this part of the Scoresby Sund area are mainly crystalline rocks of Caledonian and pre-Caledonian origin forming high mountain plateaus with gently undulating surfaces 1500-2000 m above sea level and with independant ice caps. A post-Caledonian red conglomerate occurs in areas along Rypefjord, Harefjord and Rødefjord; due to the easy erosion of this rather loose sedimentary rock it now occurs as areas of smooth lowland.