bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of pathological grade and prognosis‐associated lncRNA for ovarian cancer
Authors: Chen Ying , Bi Fangfang , An Yuanyuan , Yang Qing
Published: May 2019

Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in female genitals. In recent years, the therapeutic effect of OC has been significantly improved through the application of effective chemotherapy regimen. However, the 5‐year survival rate is also lower than 30% due to high rate of relapse. So, it is needed to screen reliable predictive and prognostic markers of OC. Ovarian cancer gene expression data and corresponding clinical data used were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted gene expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Cox proportional hazards regression (PHR) were used to screen Pathological Grade and Prognosis‐associated long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Kaplan‐Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves analysis were performed to evaluate the predictive ability of the selected lncRNA. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) enrichment analysis methods were used to explore the possible mechanisms of the selected lncRNA affecting the development of OC. Five reliably lncRNAs (LINC00664, LINC00667, LINC01139, LINC01419, and LOC286437) was identified through a series of bioinformatics methods. In testing cohorts, we found that the five lncRNAs in predicting the risk of OC recurrence is robustness, and multivariate Cox PHR analysis indicate that the five lncRNAs is an independent risk factor for OC recurrence. Moreover, GO and GSEA enrichment analysis showed that the five lncRNAs are involved in multiple ovarian cancer occurrence mechanism. In summary, all these findings indicated that the five lncRNAs can effectively predict the risk of recurrence of ovarian cancer.
Interaction between 12p chromosomal abnormalities and Lnc‐HOTAIR mediated pathway in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: El‐Khazragy Nashwa , Ghozy Sherief , Matbouly Safa , Zaki Walid , Safwat Gehan , Hussien Ghada , Khalifa Omar
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To investigate the correlation of homeobox (HOX) transcript antisense RNA expression with clinicopathological features and the clinical prognosis of the patients with chromosome 12p abnormalities associated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We also investigate the association of 12p chromosomal on the expression of HOTAIR, miRNA‐193a, and c‐kit gene as targeting genes for HOTAIR in AML.

Methods

AML patients with 12p chromosomal abnormalities were recruited and compared to AML with other chromosomal abnormalities rather than 12p. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) “HOTAIR,” miR‐193a, and c‐Kit genes expression were measured in bone marrow samples using Syber green based real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

We found a significant difference for the expression levels of HOTAIR, c‐kit, and miR‐193a between 12p abnormalities associated AML and those without. The survival analysis revealed that patient's with low expression levels of HOTAIR and c‐kit had significantly better survival and leukemia free survival. In contrast, miR‐193a was associated with better overall survival but not leukemia free survival.

Conclusion

12p abnormalities associated AML were associated with worse prognosis. Our results proved that HOTAIR, miR‐193a, and c‐kit genes are independent prognostic predictors in 12p chromosomal associated AML; therefore it may represent a novel therapeutic application in AML in the future.
Overexpression of circ_0005198 sponges miR‐1294 to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in glioma
Authors: Wang Jiandong , Li Jie , Wang Hongwei , Lv Luting , Sun Jinghui
Published: May 2019

Glioma (GM) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality rate across the world. Mounting studies demonstrates that abnormally expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as important roles in tumor progression. In the current work, a novel circRNA, circ_0005198, was explored. Circ_0005198 level in GM tissue samples and cells was detected. The clinical implication of circ_0005198 was analyzed by Fisher's test and Kaplan‐Meier analysis. In vitro experiments were carried out to elucidate the influence of circ_0005198 on GM cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastatic properties. Luciferase reporter and rescue experiments were conducted to clear the mechanism of circ_0005198. The expression of circ_0005198 was enhanced in GM tumors and cells. Its expression in tumor specimens was related to clinical severity and poor prognosis. Functionally, circ_0005198 could remarkably boost cell growth, clone‐forming ability, and metastatic properties and attenuate cell apoptosis in GM cells. What's more, circ_0005198 could directly sponge miR‐1294 to exert oncogenic functions. In summary, this study might provide an effective therapeutic target for GM.
Biodegradable collagen from Scomberomorus lineolatus skin for wound healing dressings and its application on antibiofilm properties
Authors: Abinaya M. , Gayathri M.
Published: May 2019

The major resolution of the study was to develop a dynamic form of natural biopolymer material to improve the wound healing by inhibition of biofilm formation on the surface. The extraction of collagen was effectively prepared from Scomberomorus lineolatus fish skin. Lyophilized collagen sheet was liquefied in 0.5M acetic acid to form acidic solubilized collagen (ASC) for further analysis. Physicochemical characterization of ASC was performed by various techniques using a standard protocol. The yield of ASC form S.lineolatus is higher (21.5%) than the previous reported studies. The effect of collagen solubility is gradually decreases with increasing concentration of NaCl and collagen is mostly soluble in acidic pH conditions. The sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of ASC contains α chain composition of α1 and α2 subunits and was characterized as type I collagen. Ultraviolet absorption was regulated as the appropriate wavelength to optimize the collagen. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction confirmed that the isolated collagen is a triple‐helical structure. The biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was significantly reduced by collagen incorporated with isolated 3,5,7‐trihydroxyflavone (collagen‐TF) sheet up to 70%. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide assay executed on fibroblast cell lines (L929) shows that the collagen‐TF sheet was 100% compatible to enrich the cell adhesion and proliferation. The current study was the first report to extract, purify, and characterize ASC from S. lineolatus fish skin and characterize as type I collagen. Based on the result, we design the natural biodegradable collagen loaded with TF compound (collagen‐TF) for antibiofilm properties. Compared with different sources of polymer, fish skin collagen is more effective and can be used as a biopolymer sheet for wound healing, food, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and pharmaceutical application.
NEAT1 promotes retinoblastoma progression via modulating miR‐124
Authors: Wang Lufei , Yang Defeng , Tian Rui , Zhang Hui
Published: May 2019

The long noncoding RNA nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is reportedly involved in the initiation and progression of cancers of several types. However, the role, expression status, and the detailed mechanism of NEAT1 in retinoblastoma (RB) yet need to be unraveled. We explored the role and the mechanism of NEAT1 activity in RB. Our data show enhanced NEAT1 expression in RB‐affected tissues compared with the corresponding control. Functional experiments reveal that a NEAT1 knockdown in RB cells significantly inhibits proliferation, cycle progression, and facilitates apoptosis and caspase‐3 and ‐9 activities. Besides that, miR‐124 was predicted to be a target of NEAT1 and its reduced expression, as well as the inverse correlation of NEAT1 with miR‐124, was observed in RB‐affected tissues. Further, luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays confirmed the interaction between NEAT1 and miR‐124. Rescue experiments confirmed that the inhibition of miR‐124 could reverse the effect of NEAT1 on RB cell proliferation, cycle arrest, apoptosis, and caspase‐3 and ‐9 activities. Thus, NEAT1 promotes RB progression by sponging miR‐124, providing a therapeutic target for RB.
The maximum, supremum, and spectrum for critical set sizes in (0,1)‐matrices
Authors: Cavenagh Nicholas J. , Wright Liam K.
Published: May 2019

If is a partially filled‐in (0,1)‐matrix with a unique completion to a (0,1)‐matrix (with prescribed row and column sums), then we say that is a defining set for . A critical set is a minimal defining set (the deletion of any entry results in more than one completion). We give a new equivalent definition of critical sets in (0,1)‐matrices and apply this theory to , the set of (0,1)‐matrices of dimensions with uniform row and column sum . The smallest possible size for a defining set of a matrix in is [N. Cavenagh, J. Combin. Des. 21 (2013), pp. 253–266], and the infimum (the largest‐smallest defining set size for members of ) is known asymptotically [N. Cavenagh and R. Ramadurai, Linear Algebra Appl. 537 (2018), pp. 38–47]. We show that no critical set of size larger than exists in an element of and that there exists a critical set of size in an element of for each such that . We also bound the supremum (the smallest‐largest critical set size for members of ) between and .
Multiple senses of community and recovery processes. A pilot study for a national evaluation of the experiences of persons with substance use problems receiving help and services from Norwegian municipalities
Authors: Bahl Nina Kavita Heggen , Nafstad Hilde Eileen , Blakar Rolv Mikkel , Landheim Anne Signe , Brodahl Morten
Published: May 2019

Aims

This pilot study uses a multifaceted concept of sense of community (SOC)—multiple senses of community (MPSOC)—to understand how the multiple communities of persons with substance use problems, including those with a positive, negative and neutral SOC, influence processes of substance use recovery.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 informants from different Norwegian municipalities and regions. A collaborative research design and thematic analyses with a peer researcher were applied.

Results

The findings confirm prior findings of key ingredients related to recovery. However, they also illustrate that for communities to promote recovery, they need to fulfil individual needs, provide distance from pretreatment status, identity and roles and harmonise with individual meaning systems of an ideal community.

Conclusion

Experiences of positive and negative community connections within geographical, relational and ideal communities take part in recovery processes. Community participation is suggested to be included in individual outpatient treatment and posttreatment plans.
Transcription factor 7‐like 2‐associated signaling mechanism in regulating cementum generation by the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhao Zifan , Dai Jing , Yin Chengcheng , Wang Xuzhu , Wang Jinyang , Jia Xiaoshi , Zhao Qin , Fu Hui , Zhang Yufeng , Xia Haibin
Published: May 2019

Cementum regeneration is an important and challenging stage in periodontal tissue engineering and regeneration. Pathosis of the periodontium, including cementum, is important in precision diagnosis and obstinate treatment of systemic diseases, such as diabetes, leukemia, and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Here, we found that during periodontium development, transcription factor 7‐like 2 (Tcf7l2) was widely expressed in the periodontium and dental sac. In mouse cementoblast cell line (OCCM‐30), the activation of NF‐κB and cementoblast mineralization was significantly reduced when Tcf7l2 gene was silenced. Moreover, Tcf7l2 has a positive effect on NF‐κB and cementoblast mineralization. Therefore, Tcf7l2 promotes cementum formation through the NF‐κB pathway. In addition, we found a decreased expression of phosphorylated p65 and a thin layer of cementum in Tcf7l2fl/fl mice. These results suggest that Tcf7l2, which accelerates cementum formation by activating NF‐κB, has great potential in the treatment of periodontitis and provide guidance for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Modulation of Myb‐induced NF‐kB ‐STAT3 signaling and resulting cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by dietary factors
Authors: Tian Miao , Tian Dan , Qiao Xiaofang , Li Jinlong , Zhang Leilei
Published: May 2019

c‐Myb regulates tumorigenesis in multiple cancers. Here we show, for the first time, the mechanism of c‐Myb‐mediated proliferation, invasion, and drug resistance in ovarian cancer (OC), the most lethal gynecological cancer, and a comparative analyses of dietary agents, curcumin, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), and sulforaphane in inhibiting c‐Myb activity. We evaluated myb expression in patients with OC and found its increased expression in patients with cancer, compared with normal controls and in higher grade tumors, compared with low‐grade tumors. Using ES2 and OVCAR3 cell line models, along with the silencing or overexpression of c‐Myb, we establish a role of c‐Myb in determining resistance to cisplatin. c‐Myb overexpression activated NF‐κB and STAT3 signaling leading to enhanced proliferation, invasion, and cisplatin resistance. Contrary to this, silencing of c‐Myb inhibited proliferation, invasion, and sensitized OC cells to cisplatin. Further, among the dietary agents tested, EGCG almost completely inhibited the c‐Myb‐induced proliferation and invasion whereas sulforaphane also had significant inhibitory effect. Both compounds significantly sensitized OC cells to cisplatin, reversing the c‐Myb effects. Higher c‐Myb levels in patients with ovarian cancer lead to poor survival and our results indicate a possible effect of dietary factors EGCG and sulforaphane against c‐Myb‐mediated ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance.
Impact of preoperative body compositions on survival following resection of biliary tract cancer
Authors: Yoon Seung Bae , Choi Moon Hyung , Song Meiying , Lee Ju Hyun , Lee In Seok , Lee Myung Ah. , Hong Tae Ho , Jung Eun Sun , Choi Myung‐Gyu
Published: May 2019

Background

Although surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for biliary tract cancer, the prognosis remains poor after a major operation such as pancreatoduodenectomy or hepatectomy. We aimed to investigate the impact of preoperative body compositions on long‐term survival of patients undergoing resection of biliary tract cancer.

Methods

We analysed data of patients diagnosed with biliary tract cancer who underwent surgery from 2009 to 2015. Skeletal muscle area, skeletal muscle radiation attenuation, and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas were measured from the computed tomography images at L3 vertebral levels obtained before resection of cancer. Patients were divided into two groups based on the sex‐specific median values for each parameter, and long‐term survival was compared between the groups.

Results

A total of 371 patients (women, 39.6%; mean age, 66.2 ± 9.6 years) were finally included in the analysis. Patients with low skeletal muscle index (SMI) had significantly shorter median survival than those with high SMI (29 vs. 39 months; P = 0.026). Patients with low skeletal muscle attenuation (SMA) also showed reduced survival compared with those with high SMA (median survival 25 vs. 60 months; P = 0.002). Combining these two factors, survival was highest in the high SMI/high SMA group (reference) and lowest in the low SMI/low SMA group (hazard ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.44–3.30). Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas were not associated with long‐term survival.

Conclusions

Low SMI and low SMA on computed tomography scan have a negative impact on survival after resection of biliary tract cancer. They can be used in preoperative risk assessment to assist in treatment decision making.
The power of one reinforcer: The effect of a single reinforcer in the context of shaping
Authors: Hunter Mary , Rosales‐Ruiz Jesús
Published: May 2019

During shaping, if the organism is engaged in behaviors other than the current approximation, the amount of time between reinforcers increases. In these situations, the shaper may resort to what is referred to as a “desperation‐driven click.” That is, after a period of no reinforcement, the shaper delivers one reinforcer for a nontarget approximation. Reports from professional animal trainers suggest that the animal may continue performing this new behavior, even if it is reinforced only once. This study attempted to model this phenomenon with college students. Results from the study demonstrated that a desperation‐driven click situation can be reliably produced in a controlled setting. When participants received one reinforcer for interacting with a new object following a period of no reinforcement, they interacted with the new object for a longer or equal amount of time as compared to an object that had a longer history of reinforcement. The results of this study have implications for the understanding of how reinforcement controls behavior.
Contingency tracking during unsignaled delayed reinforcement: Effects of delay duration and d‐amphetamine
Authors: Nighbor Tyler D. , Ozga‐Hess Jenny E. , Anderson Karen G. , Lattal Kennon A.
Published: May 2019

In two experiments, the role of the response–reinforcer relation in maintaining low‐rate responding under unsignaled delay conditions was investigated. In both experiments pecking by pigeons on one response key, denoted the relevant key, was reinforced under an unsignaled delay‐of‐reinforcement procedure (defined as tandem variable‐interval (VI) differential‐reinforcement‐of‐other behavior [DRO] schedule). Responding on a second key, denoted the irrelevant key, had no programmed consequences. Between sessions, the location of the relevant key varied (after one, two, or three sessions) pseudorandomly. In Experiment 1, the delay (DRO) duration was manipulated parametrically. Overall, proportional relevant‐key response rates (relevant‐key response rates / [relevant‐key response rates + irrelevant key response rates]) increased across 3‐session sequences in which the relevant key remained in the same location and decreased as the DRO duration was changed systematically (2, 5, and 10 s). In Experiment 2, acute administration of d‐amphetamine increased proportional relevant‐key response rates during 1‐day sequences for only the DRO 5‐s duration, and results over 3‐day sequences, once a discrimination had already been established, were inconsistent. Results support that the response–reinforcer relation is the primary determinant of responding, and such discriminations are relatively resistant to disruption or potentiation by behaviorally active doses of d‐amphetamine.
Inappropriate use of the emergency department for nonurgent conditions: Patient characteristics and associated factors at a Japanese hospital
Authors: Miyazawa Asako , Maeno Takami , Shaku Fumio , Tsutsumi Madoka , Kurihara Hiroshi , Takayashiki Ayumi , Kohno Mototsugu , Suzuki Masatsune , Maeno Tetsuhiro
Published: May 2019

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the primary factors associated with inappropriate out‐of‐hours emergency department (ED) use by patients with nonurgent conditions.

Methods

We compared patients with nonurgent conditions who made inappropriate, out‐of‐hours ED visits to patients who visited an acute care hospital during daytime consultation hours between May 30 and October 16, 2014, in terms of patient characteristics and reasons for consultation. Our goal was to identify factors associated with inappropriate ED use, defined as an out‐of‐hours, nonurgent, and unnecessary visits.

Results

We analyzed data from 84 patients who made inappropriate use of out‐of‐hours emergency care and 147 patients who sought care during regular consultation hours. In the inappropriate use group, “desire to be cured quickly” was the most common reason. Acute upper respiratory infection, acute gastroenteritis, and primary headache comprised 51.1% of diagnoses in the inappropriate use group. One factor associated with inappropriate use was two or more previous out‐of‐hours ED visits (odds ratio (OR) 3.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22‐8.31) (reference: 0 visits).

Conclusions

Patients with two or more previous out‐of‐hours ED visits were more than three times as likely to inappropriately use the ED compared to patients who had not visited the ED at all in the past 3 years.
How many randomly colored edges make a randomly colored dense graph rainbow Hamiltonian or rainbow connected?
Authors: Anastos Michael , Frieze Alan
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we study the randomly edge colored graph that is obtained by adding randomly colored random edges to an arbitrary randomly edge colored dense graph. In particular, we ask how many colors and how many random edges are needed so that the resultant graph contains a fixed number of edge‐disjoint rainbow‐Hamilton cycles w.h.p. We also ask when, in the resultant graph, every pair of vertices is connected by a rainbow path w.h.p.
Mapping the fly Malpighian tubule lipidome by imaging mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Ethan , Gamberi Chiara , Chaurand Pierre
Published: May 2019

Matrix‐assisted laser/desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) is an analytical technique for understanding the spatial distribution of biomolecules across a sample surface. Originally employed for mammalian tissues, this technology has been adapted to study specimens as diverse as microbes and cell cultures, food such as strawberries, and invertebrates including the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. As an ideal model organism, Drosophila has brought greater understanding about conserved biological processes, organism development, and diseased states and even informed management practices of agriculturally and environmentally important species. Drosophila displays anatomically separated renal (Malpighian) tubules that are the physiological equivalent to the vertebrate nephron. Insect Malpighian tubules are also responsible for pesticide detoxification. In this article, we first describe an effective workflow and sample preparation method to study the phospholipid distribution of the Malpighian tubules that initially involves the manual microdissection of the tubules in saline buffer followed by a series of washes to remove excess salt and enhances the phospholipid signals prior to matrix deposition and IMS at 25‐μm spatial resolution. We also established a complementary methodology for lipid IMS analysis of whole‐body fly sections using a dual‐polarity data acquisition approach at the same spatial resolution after matrix deposition by sublimation. Both procedures yield rich signal profiles from the major phospholipid classes. The reproducibility and high‐quality results offered by these methodologies enable cohort studies of Drosophila through MALDI IMS.
Downscaling climate change of mean climatology and extremes of precipitation and temperature: Application to a Mediterranean climate basin
Authors: Zhang Rong , Corte‐Real João , Moreira Madalena , Kilsby Chris , Burton Aidan , Fowler Hayley J. , Blenkinsop Stephen , Birkinshaw Stephen , Forsythe Nathan , Nunes João P. , Sampaio Elsa
Published: May 2019

Downscaling is usually necessary for robust hydrological impact assessments. This may be undertaken using a wide range of methods, including a combination of dynamical and statistical‐stochastic downscaling. This study uses the Spatial–Temporal Neyman‐Scott Rectangular Pulses model—RainSimV3, the precipitation‐conditioned daily weather generator—ICAAM‐WG, and the change factor approach for downscaling synthetic climate scenarios for robust hydrological impact assessment at middle‐sized basins. The ICAAM‐WG was developed based on the concept of the Climate Research Unit daily weather generator (CRU‐WG), motivated by the need for improved representation of heat waves by downscaling methods given the positive feedback between low soil moisture and high air temperature. We demonstrated the validity of the proposed methodology in the 705‐km2 Mediterranean climate basin in southern Portugal. The results show that, for the control period 1980–2010, both RainSimV3 and ICAAM‐WG reproduced not only the mean climatology, but also extreme wet and low precipitation events, as well as the extremes of temperature and heat waves. We found that downscaling with ICAAM‐WG (SIM6), which uses second‐order autoregressive processes for the simulation of temperature during consecutive dry and wet days, outperformed ICAAM‐WG (SIM4), which used only first‐order autoregressive processes, leading to improved simulation of heat waves. ICAAM‐WG (SIM6) well reproduced observed heatwave extremes with return periods of up to 30 years; however, ICAAM‐WG (SIM4) overestimated these extremes substantially. This indicates the importance of incorporating second‐order autoregressive processes in the simulation of heatwave length. In the context of climate warming, the proposed methodology provides a tool to improve downscaled projections of future extremes with confidence intervals for not only wet events but also dry spells and heat waves.
Safe Supra‐Acetabular Pin Insertion in Relation to Intraosseous Depth
Authors: Morandi Massimo “Max” , Daily Drayton , Kee Clarence , Barton R Shane , Solitro Giovanni F
Published: May 2019

In pelvic fractures, dysfunction of the pelvic ring is often stabilized with supra‐acetabular pin insertion. In existing literature, there are heterogeneous indications on proper pins selection and inclinations. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the narrowing of safe pin corridors in the transverse and sagittal planes with increments of intraosseous screw depths. A computer algorithm created cross‐sections over three‐dimensional pelvic reconstructions at sagittal inclinations from 45° cranial to 45° caudal in 5° increments. Templates of screw depths spanning 60–120 mm in 15 mm increments were disposed in the transverse plane from 45° medial to 45° lateral. Each intraosseous screw depth and transverse angle were evaluated for intraosseous containment to evaluate ranges narrowing with increasing screw depths. The 60‐mm depth resulted in the largest sagittal range (60.9° ± 6.9°) and transverse range (27.5° ± 4.1°) at 30° caudal. Increasing depths by 15 mm resulted in ranges being significantly different from one another (p < 0.01). The sagittal plane of 20° cranial had the highest frequency of insertion for all depths, while transverse ranges were narrowed (p < 0.01). Bisecting angles were similar for sagittal planes 20° cranial to 30° caudal with an average of 27.9° ± 1.2° (p ≥ 0.115). In conclusion, while 60 mm depths can be inserted with the highest discretion, 15 mm increments in depth significantly reduce safe ranges. Screws depths above 90 mm have low frequencies of insertion, should be inserted more cranially and must be considered prone to breaching. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1790–1797, 2019
Comparing mapping and direct hyperspectral imaging in stand‐off Raman spectroscopy for remote material identification
Authors: Gasser Christoph , González‐Cabrera María , Ayora‐Cañada María José , Domínguez‐Vidal Ana , Lendl Bernhard
Published: May 2019

Stand‐off Raman spectroscopy offers a highly selective technique to probe unknown substances from a safe distance. Often, it is necessary to scan large areas of interest. This can be done by pointwise imaging (PI), that is, spectra are sequentially acquired from an array of points over the region of interest (point‐by‐point mapping). Alternatively, in this paper a direct hyperspectral Raman imager is presented, where a defocused laser beam illuminates a wide area of the sample and the Raman scattered light is collected from the whole field of view (FOV) at once as a spectral snapshot filtered by a liquid crystal tunable filter to select a specific Raman shift. Both techniques are compared in terms of achievable FOV, spectral resolution, signal‐to‐noise performance, and time consumption during a measurement at stand‐off distance of 15 m. The HSRI showed superior spectral resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio, while more than doubling the FOV of the PI at laser power densities reduced by a factor of 277 at the target. Further, the output hyperspectral image data cube can be processed with state of the art chemometric algorithms like vertex component analysis in order to get a simple deterministic false color image showing the chemical composition of the target. This is shown for an artificial polymer sample, measured at a distance of 15 m.
Selected nutrients and antinutrients in peanut cultivars harvested in Brazil
Authors: Lozano Mariana Gonçalves , de Oliveira Sartori Alan Giovanini , Markowicz Bastos Deborah Helena , Bismara Regitano‐d'Arce Marisa Aparecida
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

There are more than 30 peanut cultivars registered in Brazil. However, there are no published data about the content of nutrients and antinutrients even in the most commercially important ones. Therefore, our objective was to characterize commercial peanut cultivars harvested in Brazil by determining proximate and fatty acid composition and content of selected minerals and phytates, saponins and condensed tannins.

RESULTS

Significant variations were found among the cultivars for almost all studied nutrients, except Mg. Granoleico and IAC 505 were identified as high oleic. Results were compared with data from the Brazilian Food Composition Table (TACO) and, for this, percentage differences (D%) were calculated. Appreciable D% were found for proteins, lipids, ash, dietary fiber, almost all fatty acids (except 20:0) and almost all studied minerals (except zinc). Moreover, remarkable variations in content of antinutrients were observed. IAC Red Tatu had the highest content of saponins; IAC OL3 and IAC 886 had the highest amounts of phytates; and IAC 886 had the highest amounts of condensed tannins.

CONCLUSION

Results confirm the relevance of differentiating cultivars in the market and in national food composition tables and databases. Furthermore, some of these cultivars may be indicated for new use trends. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Early versus standard closure of temporary ileostomy in patients with rectal cancer: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bausys Augustinas , Kuliavas Justas , Dulskas Audrius , Kryzauskas Marius , Pauza Kastytis , Kilius Alfredas , Rudinskaite Giedre , Sangaila Egidijus , Bausys Rimantas , Stratilatovas Eugenijus
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives

A significant proportion of patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery receive a temporary ileostomy because of its benefits in case of anastomotic dehiscence. However, the best timing for closure remains unclear.

Methods

Early closure (EC; 30 days after creation) and standard closure (SC; 90 days after creation) of ileostomy were compared in a single‐center randomized controlled trial conducted at National Cancer Institute (Vilnius, Lithuania). Patients with a temporary ileostomy who underwent rectal cancer surgery and did not have anastomotic leakage or other serious complications were randomized to early or standard ileostomy closure groups. Thirty days postoperative morbidity following ileostomy closure was the primary outcome of the study.

Results

The trial was prematurely terminated due to the safety reason after 86 patients were randomized to EC (43 patients) and SC (43 patients) groups. The overall 30 days postoperative morbidity rate was dramatically higher in the EC group (27.9% vs 7.9%; P = 0.024). Moreover, severe complications (Clavien‐Dindo ≥3) were present only after EC of ileostomy in five (11.6%) patients.

Conculsion

Early closure of ileostomy at 30 days after radical rectal resection is not safe and should not be performed.
Bare polyprolylene hollow fiber as extractive phase for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction to determine estrogens in water samples
Authors: Ji Xiangping , Sun Min , Li Chunying , Han Sen , Wang Xiuqin , Tian Yu , Feng Juanjuan
Published: May 2019

Polypropylene hollow fibers as the adsorbent were directly filled into a polyetheretherketone tube for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction. The surface properties of hollow fibers were characterized by a scanning electron microscope. Combined with high performance liquid chromatography, the extraction tube showed good extraction performance for five environmental estrogen hormones. To achieve high analytical sensitivity, four important factors containing sampling volume, sampling rate, content of organic solvent in sample, and desorption time were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, an online analysis method was established with wide linear range (0.03–20 µg/L), good correlation coefficients (≥0.9998), low limits of detection (0.01–0.05 µg/L), low limits of quantitation (0.03–0.16 µg/L), and high enrichment factors (1087–2738). Relative standard deviations (n = 3) for intraday (≤3.6%) and interday (≤5.1%) tests proved the stable extraction performance of the material. Durability and chemical stability of the extraction tube were also investigated, relative standard deviations of all analytes were less than 5.8% (n = 3), demonstrating the satisfactory stability. Finally, the method was successfully applied to detect estrogens in real samples.
Increasing preoperative apnea severity improves upper airway stimulation response in OSA treatment
Authors: Evans Sean S. , Richman Joshua , Cho Do‐Yeon , Withrow Kirk
Published: May 2019

Objective

Examine the patient characteristics of those undergoing upper airway stimulation (UAS) for the treatment of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)‐refractive obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at a tertiary care medical center to determine objective clinical predictors of success.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of the first 25 consecutive patients between August 2015 and December 2016 treated with UAS at a tertiary care academic center. Demographic data, medical and sleep history, pre‐ and postoperative polysomnography data, and sleep endoscopy findings were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐sided t test with bivariate and linear regression analysis.

Results

In our cohort of 25 patients, mean age was 67.5 ± 7.6 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2 with 42% female. One patient was excluded from analysis for unmasking of complete central apnea with therapy. AHI decreased by a mean of 33.8 events/hour following treatment (95% confidence interval: 25.8 to 41.7, P < 0.001). Preintervention AHI was associated with therapy response, with each point of preintervention AHI leading to an average decrease of 1.03 points (P < 0.001). Eighty‐three percent of patients achieved a treatment AHI < 5, whereas 92% achieved an AHI < 10. Mean device use was 49.5 ± 10.4 hours per week. Ninety‐two percent of patients were discharged the day of surgery. No major adverse events occurred.

Conclusion

UAS continues to gain popularity for the treatment of CPAP‐refractive OSA; therefore, identification of predictors of success is crucial. Our study, although small, suggests that more severe preintervention AHI does not preclude significant therapy response and may expand the inclusion criteria for UAS, meriting further investigation.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 130:556–560, 2020
Hydrogel Microchambers Integrated with Organic Electrodes for Efficient Electrical Stimulation of Human iPSC‐Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yoshida Shotaro , Sumomozawa Kensuke , Nagamine Kuniaki , Nishizawa Matsuhiko
Published: May 2019

A hydrogel‐based microchamber with organic electrodes for efficient electrical stimulations of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) is described. The microchamber is made from molecularly permeable, optically transparent, and electrically conductive polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel and highly capacitive carbon electrode modified with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). Spheroids of hiPSC‐CMs are cultured in microchambers, and electrically stimulated by the electrode for maturation. The large interfacial capacitance of the electrodes enables several days of electrical stimulation without generation of cytotoxic bubbles even when the electrodes are placed near the spheroids. The spheroids can be cultivated in the closed microchambers because of the permeated nutrients through the hydrogel, thus the spheroids are stably addressable and the culture medium around the sealed microchambers can be simply exchanged. Synchronized beating of the spheroids can be optically analyzed in situ, which makes it possible to selectively collect electrically responsive cells for further use. As the hydrogel is electrically conductive, the amount of electrical charge needed for maturing the spheroids can be reduced by configuring electrodes on the top and the bottom of the microchamber. The bioreactor will be useful for efficient production of matured hiPSC‐CMs for regenerative medicine and drug screening.
“It's MY Service, it's MY Music”: The role of psychological ownership in music streaming consumption
Authors: Danckwerts Sebastian , Kenning Peter
Published: May 2019

Music streaming services have become today's most popular way of consuming music. These services give their users access to a comprehensive music library without providing legal ownership of that music. However, recent research suggests that music streaming users still continue to experience feelings of ownership. To advance our understanding, this study investigates the role of psychological ownership in music streaming consumption. In particular, based on the theory of psychological ownership, it is analyzed how service‐ and music‐based psychological ownership emerge. The study further investigates the relationship between these two targets of ownership and whether music‐based psychological ownership is positively related to users' intention to switch from a music streaming service's free version to its paid premium version. Using structural equation modeling, the results indicate that service‐based psychological ownership, stemming from users' investment of self into the service, is positively related to music‐based psychological ownership, which is positively influenced by the sense of control over the music accessed. The results also show that music‐based psychological ownership is strongly related to users' intention to switch from free to premium, which highlights the importance of psychological ownership for providers of music streaming services, particularly those operating a feature‐limited freemium model.
Facile Fabrication of Triphenylamine‐Based Redox‐Active Nanocomposites by a Sol‐Gel Method: Enhanced Electrochromic Response Capability and Stability Performance
Authors: Fan Yang‐Ze , Chen Chia‐Hui , Liou Guey‐Sheng
Published: May 2019

In this research, a new design of organic‐inorganic hybrid networks involving covalently bonding, novel, electron‐donating triphenylamine (TPA)‐containing electroactive molecules to inorganic metal oxides is successfully developed by using a facile sol‐gel process. These anodically electrochromic TPA‐containing materials exhibit multicolor electrochromic behaviors at various oxidation states. By introducing zirconium oxide into electrochromic materials, not only can an excellent optical transparency in the visible light region at a neutral state be achieved given the nature of the large energy bandgap, but the electrochromic switching can also be driven by a lower oxidation potential with an enhanced response capability (shorter coloring times and bleaching times). Moreover, the hybrid films show outstanding electrochemical stability and high reversibility under long‐term operations owing to their good adhesion to the electrode. Consequently, the electrochromic devices derived from these novel hybrid electroactive materials reveal a huge potential for electrochromic applications.
Lnc‐GIHCG promotes cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer through miR‐ 1281 adsorption
Authors: Liu Guozheng , Jiang Zaipeng , Qiao Mingliang , Wang Fengyong
Published: May 2019

Background

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are from the family of noncoding RNAs. Existing studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in many biological processes and are strongly related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Recent studies have indicated that lncRNA GIHCG participates in the progression of many cancers by adjusting cell proliferation and migration. Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor that arises from gastric epithelium. This study mainly explored the influence of GIHCG on GC and its underlying mechanism.

Methods

GIHCG expression was detected in GC through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction while the relationship of GIHCG with miR‐1281 and miR‐1281 with TLE1 was verified using dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The influence of GIHCG, miR‐1281 and TLE1 on cell function was verified using cell counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and Transwell experiment.

Results

In GC, GIHCG was significantly overexpressed and significantly increased cell proliferation and migration, with the possible mechanism of upregulatingTLE1 expression through adsorption of miR‐1281.

Conclusion

Taken together, we revealed the role of GIHCG/miR‐1281/TLE1 in GC and provided a new perspective.
Local aromaticity mapping in the vicinity of planar and nonplanar molecules
Authors: Kupka Teobald , Gajda Łukasz , Stobiński Leszek , Kołodziej Łukasz , Mnich Adrianna , Buczek Aneta , Broda Małgorzata A.
Published: May 2019

We report on nucleus‐independent magnetic shielding (NICS) scans over the centers of six‐ and five‐membered rings in selected metal phthalocyanines (MPc) and fullerene C60 for more accurate characterization of local aromaticity in these compounds. Detailed tests were conducted on model aromatic molecules including benzene, pyrrole, indole, isoindole, and carbazole and subsequently applied to H2Pc, ZnPc, Al(OH)Pc, and CuPc. Similar behavior of three selected magnetic probes, Bq, 3He, and 7Li+, approaching perpendicularly the ring centers, was observed. For better visualization of shielding zone over the centers of aromatic rings, we introduced a simple mathematical procedure: the first and second derivatives of scan curves with respect to magnetic probe position enabled their additional examination. It allowed an easier localization of curve minimum and discrimination between areas in space varying by the magnetic field magnitude and to illustrate local aromaticity of two different kinds of rings in MPc with better resolution. Our results supported earlier reports on very low aromaticity indexes of pyrrole ring incorporated into MPc and significant aromaticity of the central macrocycle. No direct dependence between harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity and NICS was observed. Instead, a correlation between position of scan curve minimum and its magnitude were observed. In addition, the NICS values and 3He chemical shifts in the middle of neutral C60 and C606− anion agreed well with the reported experimental NMR values for He@C60 and He@C606−.
The effect of clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin on the expression of CatSper1, CatSper2, LHCGR, and SF1 genes, as well as the structural changes in testicular tissue of adult rats
Authors: Ameli Mojtaba , Moghimian Maryam , Saeb Farzaneh , Bashtani Elham , Shokoohi Majid , Salimnejad Ramin , Abtahi Hossein
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on the structural changes, as well as the evaluation of the expression of cation channel sperm‐associated protein 1 (CatSper1), cation channel sperm‐associated protein 2 (CatSper2), luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) genes in testicular tissue of rats. All rats divided into five groups as follows; G1 as the control group that received normal saline, G2 received olive oil, G3 received 100 IU/kg HCG, G4 received 5 mg/kg clomiphene citrate, and G5 received 5 mg/kg clomiphene citrate and 100 IU/kg HCG. At the end of the experiment period, Day 56, blood samples were taken and the serum was isolated. Then, histomorphometric analysis, hormonal assess, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction to measure the expression of CatSper1, CatSper2, LHCGR, and SF1 genes were performed. The results showed that the concentrations of testosterone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were decreased in the G4 group, whereas these parameters were increased in the G3 group. A comparison of the sperm quality indicated a significant reduction in the quality of sperm cells in the G4 group compared with other groups. The quality of sperm was significantly enhanced in the G3 and G5 groups in comparison with the G1 group. Also, our findings demonstrated that the expression of CatSper1, CatSper2, LHCGR, and SF1 genes were significantly elevated in the G3 group when compared with other experimental groups. According to the obtained results, it seems that clomiphene citrate reduces the process of spermatogenesis and the detrimental impacts of this compound would be neutralized by the administration of HCG.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response and apoptosis in goat endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Mohamed Amira Abdalla Abdelshafy , Yang Diqi , Liu Shouqin , Lin Pengfei , Mohamad Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy , Jin Yaping
Published: May 2019

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in regulating cell metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, and survival. However, there is not enough information about the role of ER stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion in the uterus. In this study, we found that LPS induced apoptosis and inflammation in goat endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). LPS treatment inhibited cell viability and cell proliferation. In addition, the genes associated with proliferation, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen and MKI67, were affected by LPS treatment. Moreover, LPS increased the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐8, promoting the levels of MYD88, caspase1, and TRL4. The 4‐phenylbutyric acid pretreatment inhibited the expression of unfolded protein response proteins and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in LPS‐treated cells. However, blockage of inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 and activating transcription factor 6 did not significantly reduce apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Collectively, ER stress involved in LPS‐induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine increased in goat ESCs. This study provides new insight into the function of ER stress in the pathological process.