bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of the Content of Pediatric Discharge Summaries
Authors: Lakhaney Divya , Banker Sumeet L.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:

The need for high-quality discharge summaries is critical to ensure safe transitions of care. Deficits may lead to lapses in communication and poor outcomes. In this study, we sought to characterize the completeness, accuracy, and quality of pediatric discharge summaries.

METHODS:

A retrospective chart review of 200 discharge summaries of patients discharged from the general pediatrics service from July 2016 to October 2017 was conducted. These summaries were audited for 7 elements: admission date, discharge date, discharge diagnosis, medications, immunizations, pending laboratory tests, and follow-up appointments. Accuracy was verified through chart review. Quality of hospital course and patient instructions was evaluated by using a modified validated discharge summary evaluation tool. Additional data collected included medical complexity of the patient and the number of authors. Analysis of variance, χ2 tests, and Pearson correlations were used to analyze data.

RESULTS:

Discharge diagnosis, medications, and follow-up appointments had the lowest rates of completion and accuracy. The quality of the hospital course and patient instructions was variable, with no statistical significance seen in quality scores on the basis of the number of authors or medical complexity. There were more inaccuracies in discharge medications for patients with baseline chronic conditions than those without chronic conditions (63% vs 35%; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Content and quality of discharge summary documentation are inconsistent and have implications for patient outcomes after discharge. This study highlights areas of opportunity to improve pediatric discharge summaries. Future work should be focused on educational and systems-based interventions to improve documentation.
Associations Between Quality Measures and Outcomes for Children Hospitalized With Bronchiolitis
Authors: Bryan Mersine A. , Tyler Amy , Zhou Chuan , Williams Derek J. , Johnson David P. , Kenyon Chén C. , Haq Heather , Simon Tamara D. , Mangione-Smith Rita
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To use adherence to the Pediatric Respiratory Illness Measurement System (PRIMES) indicators to evaluate the strength of associations for individual indicators with length of stay (LOS) and cost for bronchiolitis.

METHODS:

We prospectively enrolled children with bronchiolitis at 5 children’s hospitals between July 1, 2014, and June 30, 2016. We examined associations between adherence to each individual PRIMES indicator for bronchiolitis and LOS and cost. Sixteen indicators were included, 9 “overuse” indicators for care that should not occur and 7 “underuse” indicators for care that should occur. We performed mixed effects linear regression to examine the association between adherence to each individual indicator and LOS (hours) and cost (dollars). All models controlled for patient demographics, patient complexity, and hospital.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 699 participants. The mean age was 8 months; 56% were male, 38% were white, and 63% had public insurance. Three indicators were significantly associated with shorter LOS and lower cost. All 3 indicators were overuse indicators and related to laboratory testing: no blood cultures (adjusted mean difference in LOS: −24.3 hours; adjusted mean cost difference: −$731, P < .001), no complete blood cell counts (LOS: −17.8 hours; cost: −$399, P < .05), and no respiratory syncytial virus testing (LOS: −16.6 hours; cost: −$272, P < .05). Two underuse indicators were associated with higher cost: documentation of oral intake at discharge ($671, P < .01) and documentation of hospital follow-up ($538, P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

A subset of PRIMES quality indicators for bronchiolitis are strongly associated with improved outcomes and can serve as important measures for future quality improvement efforts.
Intravascular Hemolysis and Complications During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Garg Meena
Published: November 2020

Venovenous and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) remains a crucial lifesaving therapy for critically ill neonates with severe cardiorespiratory failure. Both the roller pump as well as the centrifugal pump are safe and efficient systems, and some red blood cell breakdown and hemolysis occurs in all ECMO systems. The roller pump functions by gravity whereas the centrifugal pump promotes the flow of blood by a magnetically driven spinning rotor to generate negative pressure. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization data indicate a significant increase in intravascular hemolysis in neonatal and pediatric patients receiving ECMO when the centrifugal pump is used compared with its use in adults. Risk factors for developing hemolysis during ECMO are small cannula size, high negative inlet pressure in the pump head, and thrombosis in the pump head and oxygenator. Excessive red blood cell breakdown and release of plasma free hemoglobin (pfHb) saturate physiologic neutralizing mechanisms such as haptoglobin and hemopexin. The increase in pro-oxidant and proinflammatory pfHb levels causes endothelial dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner. Hemolysis also increases the risk of in-hospital morbidities such as renal injury, direct hyperbilirubinemia, and thrombosis without an increase in mortality in patients receiving ECMO. Hemolysis is an unavoidable side effect of current ECMO technology and there are no approved treatments or treatment guidelines for the neonatal population. Therefore, increased vigilance, recognition of the severity of the hemolytic process, and prompt management are essential to prevent severe endothelial injury leading to proinflammatory and prothrombotic events.
Early Pragmatics in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Infants
Authors: Kelly Ciara , Morgan Gary , Bannard Colin , Matthews Danielle
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

A set of important pragmatic skills emerge during infancy and pave the way for later language learning. It is thought these early social communication skills develop through infant–caregiver interaction. In a microanalysis, we tested whether deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) infants (typically at high risk of reduced access to rich communicative interaction in infancy) are less likely to engage in gestural and vocal pragmatic behaviors.

METHODS:

We coded the naturalistic communication of 8 DHH infants who had no additional needs, who were not preterm or low birth weight, whose parents were hearing, monolingual English speakers, and who had spoken English as their primary target language. The frequency of use of 5 types of infant communication known to positively predict later language development (show gestures, give gestures, index-finger pointing, communicative vocalizations, and early word use) was compared with that of 8 typically hearing infants matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic status.

RESULTS:

Hearing loss had a significant negative effect on the frequency with which infants engaged in all types of early communication that predict later language development.

CONCLUSIONS:

DHH infants are at high risk of delay in the gestural and vocal communicative skills that lay the foundations for later language. Delay in the gestural domain suggests this is not simply a consequence of difficulties in imitating auditory stimuli. There is significant potential to lift DHH infants onto a positive developmental trajectory by supporting caregivers to nurture interaction from the first year.
Pragmatics and Peer Relationships Among Deaf, Hard of Hearing, and Hearing Adolescents
Authors: Zaidman-Zait Anat , Most Tova
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:

The goals of the current study were to (1) examine differences in pragmatic abilities and peer relationship behaviors among deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) adolescents who use spoken language, in comparison with their hearing peers; and (2) explore the contribution of pragmatic skills and speech (ie, articulation and intelligibility [AI]) to social aspects of school functioning among DHH and typically hearing adolescents.

METHODS:

Thirty-three DHH adolescents and 34 adolescents with typical hearing participated. All DHH adolescents attended mainstream school settings and used spoken language. Teacher reports were obtained on prosocial behaviors, peer problems, pragmatic abilities, and speech AI of the adolescents. Adolescents self-reported on the supportiveness of their peer relationships and their school emotional engagement.

RESULTS:

Multiple hierarchical regression analyses revealed that DHH adolescents had greater difficulties with peers than their hearing counterparts. Increased pragmatic difficulties were related to more peer problems and decreased prosocial behaviors, regardless of adolescents’ hearing status. A significant positive correlation was found between pragmatic competence and adolescents’ perceptions of peers’ support. Finally, better speech AI were associated with higher levels of school emotional engagement.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results emphasize the significant role of pragmatics for both DHH and typically hearing adolescents. Medical care providers and allied health professionals should be aware of possible difficulties that DHH adolescents may have in complex and nuanced pragmatic skills. Some adolescents may require a referral to specialized services to support the development of their pragmatic understanding and their skills.
Kindergarten Readiness, Later Health, and Social Costs
Authors: Fitzpatrick Caroline , Boers Elroy , Pagani Linda S.
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To estimate associations between kindergarten readiness and academic, psychological, and health risks by end of high school.

METHODS:

This study is based on 966 Canadian children. At age 5, trained examiners assessed child number knowledge and receptive vocabulary. Teachers reported kindergarten classroom engagement. At age 17, participants reported academic grades, school connectedness, anxiety sensitivity, substance abuse, physical activity involvement, and height and weight. High school dropout risk was also estimated for each participant on the basis of grades, school engagement, and grade retention.

RESULTS:

Kindergarten math skills contributed to better end-of high school grades (β = .17, P < .01) and lower dropout risk (β = −.20, P < .001), whereas receptive vocabulary predicted lower anxiety sensitivity (β = −.11, P < .01). Kindergarten classroom engagement predicted higher end of high school grades (β = .17, P < .001), lower dropout risk (β = −.20, P < .01), better school connectedness (β = .15, P < .01), lower risk of substance abuse (β = −.21, P < .001), and more physical activity involvement (β = .09, P < .05). Kindergarten classroom engagement was also associated with a 65% reduction (odds ratio = 0.35) in the odds of being overweight at age of 17. Analyses were adjusted for key child (sex, weight per gestational age, nonverbal IQ, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors) and family (parental involvement, maternal depression and immigrant status, family configuration, and socioeconomic status) characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early childhood readiness forecasts a protective edge by emerging adulthood. With these findings, we build links between education and health indicators, suggesting that children who start school prepared gain a lifestyle advantage. Promoting kindergarten readiness could reduce the health burden generated by high school dropout.
Back Pain in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lamb Micah , Brenner Joel S.
Published: November 2020

Back pain has long been considered an uncommon complaint in the pediatric population. When present, teaching had been that pediatric back pain almost always has a diagnosable cause, many of which are progressive and potentially debilitating. Recent evidence has suggested that pediatric back pain is not only more common than once thought but also, within certain populations, benign and idiopathic. This, in turn, places an increasing amount of pressure on pediatricians to accurately assess and manage their patients presenting with complaints of back pain. The aim of this article is to serve as a review of the current literature on pediatric back pain. The article reviews the epidemiology, basic anatomy, and important elements of a history and examination, which should be considered when a child presents complaining of back pain. Last, a common differential diagnosis with evaluation and management is also given to help guide pediatricians through their medical decision making.
New records of lichenized fungi in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Ramírez-Roncallo Kevin , Gómez-Ramírez Hugo , Negritto María A.
Published: November 2020

The lichen diversity of the Caribbean region of Colombia is one of the least known in the county. In the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), whose forests are at risk of disappearing due to deforestation, 114 species of lichens have been recorded. We collected lichens at elevations from 500 to 2500 m on the northwestern slopes of the SNSM, and we report six genera and 19 species from this region for the first time. Our results highlight the importance of exploring new areas to enhance our knowledge of the lichens of SNSM and Colombia.
Effects of explant type, plant growth regulator and cultivation system on multiplication of Polygonum multiflora Thunb. cultured in vitro
Authors: Luan Vu Quoc , Thi Luyen Do , Hoang Anh Kha Ho , Thanh Tung Hoang , Thi Hien Vu , Manh Cuong Do , Van The Vinh Bui , Gia Bao Huynh , Tan Nhut Duong
Published: November 2020

Polygonum multiflora Thunb. (Belongs to Polygonaceae family) is a medicinal plant of economic value and should be protected, according to the Red Book of Vietnam. Many studies have shown that P. multiflora Thunb. was effective for many diseases such as hair loss, premature gray hair, lower back pain, knee weakness, muscle weakness, hemiplegia, nervousness, dizziness, insomnia, etc. Propagation and preservation of this herbal species are significantly important because of increased demand. Adventitious root biomass culture has been successful on a number of plant species, and that it has potential for P. multiflorum breeding. In this study, the effect of explants, plant growth regulators and different culture systems on adventitious root formation was investigated. The adventitious roots were induced from the explants and the optimum culture medium were transferred to four different culture systems (3-liter triangular flask, shaking triangle, bioreactor self-made and Korean bioreactor) containing 5 g adventitious roots per 1 liter medium. The results showed that the leaf cultured on SH medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 IBA, 30 g L-1 sucrose, 8.5 g L-1 agar and pH 5.8 gave the higher of adventitious root regeneration rate (100%), root number/explant (25.33 roots), fresh weight (131.67 mg) and dry weight 13.35 mg) compared to those cultured on other condition after 6 weeks of culture. The adventitious root multiplication in the Korea bioreactor system is more effective than other culture systems shown in the fresh biomass (17.04 g), dry biomass (1.56 g) and proliferation rate (3.40 fold) after 6 weeks of culture.
Using Arachis pintoi leaf extracts in biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles for improving the vase life of cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Authors: Lap Xuan Tran , Ba Le Le , Anh Tu Le Thi
Published: November 2020

A biological method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (SNPs) using the leaf extracts of Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg. was developed.  The optimum conditions of input materials were found with leaf autoclaving in 15 min, 20 g fresh leave, and 4 mM of silver nitrate (AgNO3). To study the role of time, temperature, and solution pH of the reaction, varying time reaction (5, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min), temperature reaction (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50oC) and pH of the solution (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11) were investigated. The optimal biosynthesis conditions were achieved in 180 min of reaction time at 50oC and pH 11. The obtained nanoparticles have spherical and oblong in shape with average size of 26.4 nm. The SNPs in 4 concentrationss (5, 15, 25, and 35 ppm) combined with and without 2% sucrose extended vase life, enlarged flower diameter, and maintained increase the relative fresh weight with vase solution uptake rate. SNPs inhibited significantly the bacterial growth in the stem end and vase solution, reduced the blockage in stems and therefore promoted the postharvest quality of carnation cut flowers. Out of the treatments, administration of 5 ppm SNPs with 2% sucrose of vase solution gave the best results for all parameters. The biosynthesis SNPs could be applied as a promising preservative solution for carnation cut flowers.
High-mannose type N-glycan binding specificity of a novel lectin from the red alga (Betaphycus gelatinus)
Authors: Hung Le Dinh , Thi Doan Thuc Le
Published: November 2020

The red alga, Betaphycus gelatinus is one of carrageenan sources in the world. The lectin from the red alga B. gelatinus was isolated by a combination of aqueous ethanol extraction, ethanol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography and was designated as BGL after the specific name of alga. Lectin gave a single band with molecular mass of about 19,000 Da in both non-reducing and reducing SDS-PAGE conditions, therefore lectin exists in monomer form. The hemagglutination activities of BGL were stable over a wide range of pH from 3 to 10, temperature up 60 oC and not affected by either the presence of EDTA or addition of divalent cations, indicating that lectin requires no metal for biological activity. The hemagglutination activities of BGL were not inhibited by monosaccharides and glycoproteins, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-xylose, N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, N-acety-D-mannosamine, transferrin and fetuin, but strongly inhibited by glycoproteins bearing high-mannose type N-glycan, such as yeast mannan and porcine thyroglobulin. Lectin BGL is specific for N-glycans and may recognize terminal (α1–3) or (α1–6)-linked mannose residues in structure Man(α1-6)[Man(α1-3)]Man(α1-6)[Man(α1-3)]Man(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-4)GlcNAc of N-glycans. High-mannose type N-glycan binding specificities of this lectin highly resemble with those of the anti-cancer, anti-virus and anti-bacteria lectins from the red algae, carrageenophytes, including Eucheuma serra (ESA-2), Eucheuma denticulatum (EDA-2), Kappaphycus striatum (KSA-2), Kappaphycus alvarezii (KAA-1 and KAA-2) and Solieria filiformis (SfL1 and SfL2). The red alga B. gelatinus could promise to be a good source of valuable lectins for application in biochemistry and biomedicine.
Screening of antihyperglycaemic activity of medicinal plant extracts instreptozocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Xuan Thu Nguyen Thi , Duc Long Dang
Published: November 2020

Traditional plant used for treatment of diabetes has shown a surging interest in the last few decades. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of 70% (v/v) ethanolic extracts of several untested herbal sources, such as papaya leaves, papaya seeds, fig fruits, fruits of Xanthium strumarium, and leaves of Gomphrena celosioides on blood glucose levels of streptozocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice. The results proved that diabetic mice treated with the extracts of papaya seeds, papaya leaves and fig fruits showed significant reduction of the blood glucose levels at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight when compared to control. Antihyperglycemic activity of the papaya leaves (52.38%) and papaya seeds extracts (53.16%) were significantly higher than the extract of fig fruits (27.90%). Furthermore, the α-amylase inhibition assay showed that the extracts of papaya seeds (58,63 ± 0,06 μg/ml), papaya leaves (34,28 ± 0,06 μg/mL) and fig fruits (79,24 ± 0,83 μg/mL) exhibited 50% α-amylase inhibition activity at the mentioned concentrations. The α-glucosidase IC50 of the extracts of the papaya seeds, papaya leaves and fig fruits were found to be 24.36 ± 0,29, 27,60 ± 0,43 and 106,44 ± 1,54 respectively. The results of the study indicate the potential of these extracts to manage hyperglycemia. The histopathological study of the papaya seeds extract has shown to ameliorate the streptozocin-induced histological damage of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.
Detection of protein stoichiometric phosphorylation using Phos-tag SDS-PAGE
Authors: Minh Thu Doan , Minh Viet Nguyen Thi , Kim Lien Pham Thi
Published: November 2020

Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in many cellular signalings which are relating to many diseases. Therefore, a variety of biochemical techniques has been developed to study protein phosphorylation in cells. Protein phosphorylation has traditionally been detected by radioisotope phosphate labeling of proteins with radioactive ATP. Phosphorylation site-specific antibodies are now available for the analysis of phosphorylation status at target sites. However, these antibodies cannot be used to detect unidentified phosphorylation sites. Recently, the Phos-tag technology has been developed to overcome the disadvantages and limitations of these methods. Phos-tag and its derivatives conjugated to biotin, acrylamide, or agarose, and can capture phosphate monoester dianions bound to serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, in an amino acid sequence-independent manner. The grouping of the Phos-tag will alter the mobility of protein on the gel depending on the amount of serine, threonine or tyrosine which are phosphorylated. Here, we describe the method to detect the phosphorylation of Pop2 protein, one of the exonucleases in the Ccr4-Not complex regulating the shortening of poly(A) tail of mRNAs using phosphate affinity Phos-tag SDS-PAGE. We observed clear electrophoretic 04 shift bands of Pop2-3XFlag under unstressed conditions. This is the first study which observes Pop2 phosphorylation in normal culture conditions. This study showed the convenience and advantages of Phos-tag SDS-PAGE for research on molecular mechanisms regulating the function of protein.
Genetic data of the ITS1-5.8S rDNA sequences of small liver flukes (Opisthorchiidae) from cats in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Hung Nguyen Manh , Ho Loan Thi , Tatonova Yulia V.
Published: November 2020

Domestic cats and humans are favorite final hosts for some hepatic trematodes of Opisthorchiidae. The present study examined the sequence variation in the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region, including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) and the 5.8S gene, of two human opisthorchiid species Clonorchis sinensis (Cobbold, 1875) Looss, 1907 and Opisthorchis viverrini (Poirier, 1886) Stiles & Hassal, 1896, in cats sampled in Northern Vietnam. The length of 30 partial ITS1‒5.8S rDNA sequences of C. sinensis from different hosts and localities varied from 761 to 766 bp. The results showed completely identity for all investigated 5.8S rDNA sequences of C. sinensis. In contrast, the variations were revealed in the complete ITS1 sequences of C. sinensis. Three polymorphic sites, indel and new sites with intragenomic polymorphism were detected. The length of the complete ITS1 rDNA region ranged from 656 to 661 bp. There are no substitutions downstream of the 5 bp insertion, and the different ratio of nucleotide in polymorphic sites with presence/absence of insertion leads to the existence of 6 genotypes in the investigated samples. The major genotype was obtained in 70% of sequences, other genotypes were presented by 1, 2 or 3 sequences. Nucleotide diversity in whole sample of C. sinensis was 0.00122 ± 0.00073. Partial sequences of ITS1‒5.8S rDNA of O. viverrini were 745 bp in length, and no difference was observed. Phylogenetic analyses by neighbor joining phylogram inferred from ITS1‒5.8S rDNA of 3 sequences of O. viverrini and 30 sequences of C. sinensis were formed two separately monophyletic clades.
The regulatory role of peripheral blood mononuclear cell function by A20
Authors: Xuan Nguyen Thi , Hoang Nguyen Huy
Published: November 2020

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) consist of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, natural killer cells), monocytes and dendritic cells and play important roles in initiating and regulating immunity against pathogens or immunotolerance to allergens. Activation of PBMCs is induced upon exposure to multiple stimuli by the binding with toll-like receptors (TLRs), recognition elements of the innate immune system. A20 is a negative regulator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent immune reaction in response to TLR ligands. A20-deficient mice display severe inflammation, tissue damage in multiple organs, cachexia and premature mortality. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at A20 gene region in humans reduce the binding capacity of A20 to NF‐κB subunits, resulting in reduced expression and function of A20 and leading to the pathogenesis of autoimmune and cancers. Although the inhibitory role of A20 on immune cells including B, T and DC functions has been previously reported, the effect of A20 on PBMC function is not mentioned yet. The present study, therefore, explored whether A20 expression is involved in immunophenotypic changes, the release of cytokine production, cell migration, and apoptosis. To this end, immonophenotypic profile and cell apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry, secretion of inflammatory cytokines by ELISA and cell migration by a transwell migration assay. As a result, percentages of CD3+CD25+, CD19+CD25+, and CD11b+CD40+ expressing cells, the release of TNF-α and IL-1β and cell migration were enhanced in A20-silenced PBMCs. However, cell apoptosis was independent of the presence of A20 in PBMCs. In conclusion, these results attained in this study suggested that A20 expression might modulate the immune response in autoimmune disease and cancers.
Evaluation of some biophysical characteristics of five silicate solubilizing bacteria isolated from different ecosystems
Authors: Vo Hai Duong Tran , Khoi Nghia Nguyen
Published: November 2020

Silicate solubilizing bacteria (SSB) are key microorganisms to solubilize silicate minerals in the soil. Silicon helps to increase the growth and yield of plants and to enhance the environmental stress tolerance capability of plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of several factors like pH, salinity, and temperature on silicate solubilizing capacity of five selected SSB. Moreover, phosphorus solubilizing, nitrogen-fixing and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesizing capacity of these five bacteria were also tested. Liquid soil extract medium containing 0.25% Mg2O8Si3 was used in this study. Abilities of bacteria in phosphorous solubility, nitrogen fixation, and IAA synthesis were tested in NBRIP, Burk’s and NBRIP containing 100 mg L-1 tryptophan media, respectively. The results of the study indicated that five SSB showed their high capacity in silicate solubilization at pH 7.0, NaCl 0.0% and 35oC. However, at a concentration of NaCl 0.5%, these five SSB still solubilized well silicate mineral. Moreover, they also solubilized effectively three different insoluble phosphate sources of Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4 and FePO4 with a range varied between 105.8 and 928.7 mg P2O5 L-1, 33.9 and 49.6 mg P2O5 L-1, and 1.94 and 34.1 mg P2O5 L-1, respectively. They also fixed biologically nitrogen with a range from 1.37 to 5.09 mg NH4+ L-1 after 2 incubation days. Finally, they also showed their ability in IAA synthesis with an amount between 4.85 and 51.5 mg IAA L-1. In short, these five SSB in this study not only had the ability in silicate solubilization but also had other functions in plant growth promotion.
. Identification of CYP2C9, VKORC1 genotypes and recommendation of warfarin dose for Vietnamese cardiovascular patients
Authors: Dang Ton Nguyen , Thanh Hoa Nguyen Thi , Phan Anh Nguyen , Phuong Nhung Vu , Bich Thao Le Thi , Hai Ha Nguyen
Published: November 2020

Warfarin is a well-known anticoagulant that capable of reducing the activity of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. It has been widely used for cardiovascular patients. However, patient’s genotype of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 remarkably affects the metabolism of warfarin. This study aims to identify the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes of 96 Vietnamese patients suffering cardiodynia or myocardial infarction and establish their daily warfarin dose. The PCR-RFLP method was used to identified the CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3 and VKORC1 alleles. The result indicated that allelic frequencies for CYP2C9*3 were observed at 3% of investigated patients while CYP2C9*2 alleles and genotypes were not detected in this study population. Allele frequency of VKORC1 (c. -1639G>A) was observed at 84%. Base on the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes, we recommended the daily warfarin dose for of these patients.
Characterization of the C-type lectin from the marine sponge (Stylissa flexibilis)
Authors: Hung Le Dinh , Thanh Trung Dinh
Published: November 2020

A lectin from the marine sponge Stylissa flexibilis, designated as SFL, was purified by cold ethanol precipitation followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sepharose column and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. SFL is a dimeric glycoprotein of 32 kDa subunits linked by a disulfide bridge with a molecular mass of 64 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 65 kDa by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. The lectin preferentially agglutinated enzyme treated human A erythrocytes, whereas it did not agglutinate any type of rabbit, human B and O erythrocytes, irrespective of treatment with enzymes. The hemagglutination activity of lectin was strongly inhibited by monosaccharide, D-galactose and glycoproteins, asialo-porcine stomach mucin and asialo-fetuin, indicating that lectin is specific for O-glycans. Activity of SFL was stable over a range of pH from 5 to 8, up to 60 °C for 30 min and its activity was Ca2+ dependent, indicating that SFL was belonged to the C-type lectin family and requires metal for biological activity. SFL caused agglutination of Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus in a dose dependent manner and inhibited the growth rate of these bacterial strains, suggesting that the lectin caused the agglutination through binding to the target receptor(s) on the surface of Vibrios. Thus, SFL can be considered as a good source of lectin(s) being useful as carbohydrate probe and antibacterial reagent.
Genetic diversity of Panax vietnamensis var. langbianensis populations in Lam Vien plateau - Vietnam detected by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
Authors: Ngoc Trieu Le , Van Duy Nong , Van Tien Tran
Published: November 2020

Panax vietnamensis var. langbianensis is a new variety from Lam Vien plateau of Vietnam. In this study, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity and variability of 115 individuals belonging to two naturally distributed populations of this variety, which classified by habitat. Genetic diversity at the taxon level was high (HeT = 0.284 and PPBT = 97.2 %).   The result showed lightly higher genetic diversity in population in Lac Duong region (HeLD= 0.228 and PPBLD = 81.5 %) as compared to those located in Dam Rong region (HeDR= 0.213 and PPBDR = 79.4 %). The interpopulation gene differentiation was high (GST Total = 0.221) with the genetic distance among populations was DLD-DR = 0.191. Gene flow within populations was Nm = 0.8793. In Lac Duong population, the genetic diversity of older group (HeLD O = 0.233; PPBLD O = 77.1%) was higher than of younger group (HeLD Y = 0.214; PPBLD Y = 72.4 %) and the intergroup gene differentiation was GSTDL = 0.0205 with the genetic distance between these two group was DLD O-Y  = 0.0061 showed the risk of reduction in genetic diversity. In Dam Rong population, the genetic diversity of older group (HeDR O = 0.204; PPBDR O = 75.2 %) was equal to younger group (HeDR Y = 0.209; PPBDR Y = 72.7 %) and the intergroup gene differentiation was GSTDR = 0.0304 with the genetic distance between them was DDR O-Y = 0.01393 showed the stability in genetic diversity. Data for genetic diversity and variation from this study can be used to further investigate and protect this variety for conservation and development purposes and for sustainable exploiting and use of these valuable natural resources.
Cloning of sucrose isomerase encoding gene from Klebsiella singaporensis ISB-36 and its expression in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Bach Cao Xuan , Thi Kim Anh Dang , Thanh Thuy Nguyen , Tu Anh Truong , Thi Dieu Linh Nguyen , Nguyen Thanh Vu
Published: November 2020

Given potential health benefits including low glycemic index, tooth friendly, suitable to infants, elderly and diabetic patients, isomaltulose was considered as a promising alternative sweetener to sucrose. Due to the presence of liposaccharide endotoxin in Serratia plymuthica CBS 574.44, a Gram-negative bacterium, and minute amount of formaldehyde carried over, purification of isomaltulose requires rigorous controls in industry. To reduce the cost associated with product purification, here we propose the use of recombinant enzyme in isomaltulose production. The mature gene coding for sucrose isomerase synthase (K.SI36.PalI) from Klebsiella singarporensis ISB 36, which isolated from woodborer in Vietnam, was expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. The nucleotide sequence of K.SI36.PalI gene was similar to AY040843.1 of Klebsiella sp. LX3 except one nucleotide C1025 in AY040843.1 replaced by T1025 in K.SI36.PalI. This leads to single amino acid difference in deduced protein sequence (from 342Ser to 342Phe). Furthermore, the addition of two amino acids (Glu and Phe) was observed at N-terminus. The calculated molecular weight of sucrose isomerase from K.SI36.PalI was 67.46 kDa and the pI was 6.55. There was one potential glycosylation site at 466Asn. The maximum sucrose isomerase activity in the culture broth reached 36,6 U.mL-1in 1 L shake-flask. The purified recombinant enzyme was most active at 40°C and pH 7.0. At the optimum condition, within 6 hours, the enzyme converted 94% of sucrose in a 40% sucrose solution into isomaltulose. This was the first study on the expression of sucrose isomerase synthase gene in P. pastoris, and the results showed the efficient conversion of sucrose isomerase recombinant.
. Effect of fluoxetine on the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in foskolin-stimulated MLTC-1 leydig cells
Authors: Mong Diep Nguyen Thi , Bich Hang Nguyen Thi , Cong Minh Nguyen Le , Thanh Son Tran , Thuy Duong Nguyen
Published: November 2020

Fluoxetine (FLX), a widely used antidepressant primarily acting as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been shown to exhibit other mechanisms of action in various cell types. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger used for intracellular signal induction. Cyclic AMP is a nucleotide synthesized within the cell from adenosine triphosphate by the adenylyl cyclase enzyme, and is inactivated enzymatically to 5′AMP by hydroxylation with a group of enzymes called phosphodiesterase. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of FLX on MLTC-1 Leydig cells on intracellular cyclic AMP response to forskolin (FSK). MLTC-1 cells were incubated at 37°C in media supplemented with or without different doses of FLX (0, 0.156, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 µM). We then looked for how the concentration of FLX for a short-time (2 hours) and a long-time (24 hours) affects the concentration of intracellular cyclic AMP response to FSK and ATP levels on MLTC-1 cells. Our results show that FLX decreased the intracellular cAMP response to FSK depending on FLX concentration. FLX decreased significantly cAMP levels only at 10 µM after 2 hours of incubation but after 24 hours of incubation FLX caused an effect on cAMP levels at 5 µM and at 10 µM. Moreover, as expected, FLX also caused a decline of steroidogenesis, which is under the control of cAMP and ATP levels in the cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the inhibition of cAMP synthesis by FLX is dose-dependent, and that FLX also inhibited hormone-induced steroidogenesis in MLTC-1 cells.
Transakcje pozabilansowe w sprawozdaniu finansowym podmiotu gospodarczego
Authors: Chluska Jolanta
Published: November 2020

Objective: The article identifies areas of financial statements that are particularly sensitive to the impact of off-balance sheet transactions.Research Design & Methods: An analysis of the subject literature, legal acts and examples of practical identification of the effects of off-balance transactions were applied.Findings: The article looks at the important conditions of the potential control over reporting information, which is not always the result of the balance sheet policy and may be a tool for manipulating an entity’s image in the financial statements.Implications / Recommendations: Economic entities conclude various contracts during their operations. Some may have a particular impact on the entity’s image in the financial statements and the condition of the entity. The effects of such agreements may be short- or long-term.Contribution: The article presents the essence of off-balance transactions and their impact on the entity’s image in the financial statements. Analysis of the subject literature and financial statements prompts the research hypothesis that off-balance sheet transactions can significantly change the entity’s view in the financial statements.
Undrained shear strength assessment using piezocone and shear wave measurements
Authors: Ahmed Sayed M. , Agaiby Shehab S.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a new approach is proposed to determine the undrained shear strength of intact clays using the undrained rigidity index inferred from piezocones and shear wave velocity measurements based on the theory of spherical cavity expansion. The derived cone factors are further simplified for young, uncemented (non-structured) clays to be solely expressed in terms of the cone behaviour type index. Moreover, an empirical expression is suggested to relate the undrained shear strength of fissured clays to the cone and shear wave measurements. The proposed approach is used to assess the values of undrained shear strengths in several well-reported test sites. The estimated strengths are found to be in a good agreement with the related field and laboratory measurements in intact clays, whereas in fissured clays, the estimated undrained strengths are shown to match less favourably with the laboratory measurements. This may be attributed to the strong dependence of the undrained shear strength of such clays on the site-specific orientations and properties of the prevailing fissures.
Hepsidinin anne sütü demir düzeyi üzerine etkisi
Authors: DURSUN Adem , KILIÇ DOKAN Fatma , ELMALI Ferhan , MUHTAROĞLU Sebahattin , KONDOLOT Meda , ÖZDEMİR Mehmet Akif
Published: November 2020

Amaç: Demir tüm canlıların büyüme ve gelişmesi için son derece önemli
olan bir elementtir. Özellikle ilk 6 aylık dönemde infantlar için tek demir
kaynağı anne sütü olduğundan anne sütünün demir konsantrasyonu ve buna etki
eden faktörleri belirlemek önemlidir. Bu çalışmada annenin demir durumunun,
hepsidin düzeyinin ve anne sütüne geçen demir miktarı üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır.

Materyal–Metod: Bu çalışma Mayıs 2013 Kasım 2013 tarihleri arasında Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp
Fakültesi Çocuk Hastanesine başvuran bebeklerin annelerinden süt ve kan
örnekleri alınarak yapıldı. Çalışmada herhangi bir sağlık problemi olmayan,
yaşları 18 ile 36 arasında değişen, laktasyonun 15. gün ile 18. ay arasında
olan ve matür bebek doğuran toplam 240 anneden, 08.00-12.00 saatleri arasında süt ve kan numuneleri alındı.

Bulgular: Çalışma grubu hemoglobin, serum demir ve
ferritin düzeylerinin normal ve düşük oluşuna göre alt gruplara ayrıldı.
Annelerin 194 ünün (%80.8) hemoglobin
değeri normal, 46 sının (%19.2) düşük bulundu. Serum demir düzeyine göre
sınıflandırıldığında 170 annenin (% 70.8) demir düzeyininin normal, 70 annenin
(% 29.2) düşük olduğu tespit edildi. Ferritin düzeylerine göre
değerlendirildiğinde 140 annenin (% 58.3) ferritin düzeyinin normal,100 annenin
(% 41.7) ferritin düzeyinin düşük olduğu görüldü. Hemoglobin, serum demir ve
ferritin ile anne sütü demir konsantrasyonu arasında bir ilişki görülmedi.
Hepsidin ile anne sütü demiri arasında pozitif bir korelasyonun olduğu dikkat
çekti. Hemoglobin, serum demir ve ferritin düzeylerine göre ayrılan
grupların anne sütü demir konsantrasyonları benzer bulundu. Hepsidin düzeyi
yüksek olan grubun anne sütü demir konsantrasyonunun daha yüksek olduğu tespit
edildi.

Sonuç: Annenin demir
durumu anne sütüne geçen demir  düzeyini
etkilemez. Hepsidin yalnızca
intestinal demir emiliminde değil aynı zamanda meme dokusunda da demir regülasyonundan
sorumlu olan ve süte demir geçişinde etkili olan bir hormondur
Invoking Flora Nwapa: Nigerian women writers, femininity and spirituality in world literature
Authors: Uimonen Paula
Published: November 2020

By invoking Flora Nwapa, this monograph draws attention to Nigerian women writers in world literature, with an emphasis on femininity and spirituality. Flora Nwapa’s Efuru (1966) was the first internationally published novel in English by a female African writer. With the establishment of Tana Press in 1977, Flora Nwapa also became the first female publisher in Africa. Although Flora Nwapa has been recognized as the ‘mother of modern African literature’, she is not sufficiently acknowledged in world literary canons or world literature studies, which is something this monograph aspires to redress, with the help of earlier studies, especially Nigerian scholarship. Drawing on the Efuru@50 celebration in Nigeria in 2016, this book explores the revival of Flora Nwapa’s fame as the pioneer of African women’s literature. Using an ethnographic rather than biographical approach, it captures Flora Nwapa’s literary practice in the context of the Nigerian literary scene and its interlinkages with world literature. The ethnographic portrayal of Flora Nwapa is complemented with an exposé of a select number of contemporary Nigerian women writers, based on interviews during fieldwork in Nigeria. The book uses concepts like creolized aesthetics and womanist worldmaking to advance scholarly understandings of world literature, which is conceived here as a pluriverse of aesthetic worlds. Exploring experimental ethnographic writing, the book combines the genres of creative non-fiction, descriptive ethnography and scholarly analysis, in an effort to make the text more accessible to academic as well as non-academic readers. Through travel notes the experience of fieldwork is shared in a candid manner. Detailed ethnography from the Efuru@50 literary festival is presented to show the expansion of Flora Nwapa’s fame. In-depth analyses of Flora Nwapa’s literary works and the cultural context of her literary practice cover a wide range of themes, from feminine storytelling and children’s literature, to publishing and digitalization. The theoretical discussion draws on anthropological, literary and African womanist theory to contextualize and explore the central themes of femininity and spirituality in world literature. Inspired by the social change perspective of African womanism and critical decolonial theory, the book makes a contribution to current efforts to explore a more socially just and environmentally sustainable world of many worlds. Paying close attention to gender complementarity and sacred engagements in Flora Nwapa’s literary worldmaking, it shows how world literature can help us create other possible worlds of human, spiritual and environmental coexistence.
Yazır Gölü Havzası (Çavdır/BURDUR) Su Kaynaklarının Hidrojeokimyasal Özellikleri ve Su Kalitesinin Mevsimsel Değişimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: VAROL Simge , KÖSE İlknur
Published: November 2020

Bu çalışmada Yazır Gölü havzası su kaynaklarındaki fizikokimyasal, majör iyon, ağır metal ve kirlilik parametreleri ile su kalitesinin mevsimsel değişimi incelenmiştir. Çalışma alanında alttan üstte doğru Yeşilbarak napı, Likya napları, paraallokton ve neootokton konumlu kaya birimleri yer almaktadır. Alüvyon ve kireçtaşı birimleri akifer birimlerdir. Kurak ve yağışlı mevsimlerde bölgeden toplam 30 su örneği toplanmıştır. Çalışma alanında Ca-Mg-HCO3 ve Ca-HCO3 baskın su türleridir. Çalışma alanında ortaya çıkan farklı su tipleri ve kimyasal özelliklerindeki mevsimsel değişimlerde bölgedeki kayaçlarla temas süresi, suyun miktarı, sıcaklığı ve ortamın basıncı gibi faktörlerin etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca su kaynaklarının hidrokimyasal ve kalitesini etkileyen diğer bir önemli faktörün tarımsal faaliyetlerle ilişkili antropojenik kirlenme olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada kurak ve yağışlı dönem analiz sonuçları istatistiksel olarak da değerlendirilmiş ve parametrelerin birbirleri ile ilişkisi ortaya konmuştur. Çalışma alanındaki sulardan S4 ve S6 nolu örnekler WHO (2011), TSE266 (2005) standartlarına ve Schoeller diyagramına göre içilebilir özellik taşımamaktadır. Aynı şekilde çalışma alanındaki sular sulama suyu olarak değerlendirildiğinde ABD Tuzluluk Laboratuvarı ve Wilcox diyagramı sınıflamalarına göre de her iki dönemde de S4 ve S6 nolu örneklerin kullanımı sınırlıdır.
Evaluation of Tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758) Meat as Fish Cake and Determination of Shelf Life
Authors: ÇAPKIN Kadir , ATİK İlker , ATİK Azize , ŞEVİK Ramazan
Published: November 2020

In this research, the suitability of tench (Tinca tinca L., 1758) for the production of fish cake and changes in nutrient components were determined. The supplied fish materials were minced followed by forming into fish cakes with the addition of various additives. Chemical and organoleptic analyzes of the minced fish and fish cakes were made. Also, thiobarbutyric acid (TBA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH parameters were determined and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMA), total psychophilic bacteria (TPA), coliform group bacteria, and yeast-mold counts were performed in fish cakes on the 1., 4., 7. and 10. days of the storage at 4 ± 1 °C. According to the organoleptic analysis findings, the fish cakes obtained from tench were considered suitable for consumption. TBA, TVB-N, pH values, and microbiological analysis results of storage have shown that deterioration occurs as storage time increases. Especially the changes after the 7th day of storage are statistically significant (p<0.05). As a result of the research, it is concluded that fish cakes made using tench can contribute to the economy. It was determined that the obtained fish cakes which were stored at 4±1° C maintained the good quality parameters until the 7th day while they deteriorated after the 10th day of the storage.
Indirect ELISA protocol (abcam) v1
Authors: Robeson Heather , Jin Jing , S. Orloff Mohammed
Published: November 2020

The protocol is based on the abcam Indirect ELISA protocol.
Sample preparation for Illumina MiSeq Dual Index metabarcoding v1
Authors: Sun Xiaohuan , Hu Yuehua , Song Zewei
Published: November 2020

The protocol shows amplicon sequencing samples preoared by Illumina Dual Index strategy, and sequened with Illumina MiSeq (RRID:SCR_016379) for bacteria and microeukaryotes.
Qiagen- AllPrep DNA/RNA/protein Mini Kit for tissue v1
Authors: Robeson Heather , Jin Jing , S. Orloff Mohammed
Published: November 2020

The protocol is based on Qiagen-AllPrep DNA/RNA/Protein Mini kit for tissue
TaqMan SNP genotyping protocol v1
Authors: Robeson Heather , Jin Jing , S. Orloff Mohammed
Published: November 2020

The protocol is based on TaqMan SNP genotyping protocol