bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Higher-Order 𝒜-Stable Block Approach with Symmetric Hybrid Points and an Adaptive Step-Size Strategy for Integrating Differential Systems Efficiently
Authors: Singla Rajat , Singh Gurjinder , Ramos Higinio , Kanwar Vinay
Published: August 2023

This article introduces a computational hybrid one-step technique designed for solving initial value differential systems of a first order, which utilizes second derivative function evaluations. The method incorporates three intra-step symmetric points that are calculated to provide an optimum version of the suggested scheme. By combining the hybrid and block methodologies, an efficient numerical method is achieved. The hybrid nature of the algorithm determines that the first Dahlquist barrier is overcome, ensuring its effectiveness. The proposed technique exhibits an eighth order of convergence and demonstrates A-stability characteristics, making it particularly well suited for handling stiff problems. Additionally, an adjustable step size variant of the algorithm is developed using an embedded-type technique. Through numerical experiments, it is shown that the suggested approach outperforms some other well-known methods with similar properties when applied to initial-value ordinary differential problems.
Mechanism-of-Action-Based Development of New Cyclophosphamides
Authors: Voelcker Georg
Published: August 2023

Even more than 60 years after its introduction into the clinic, cyclophosphamide (CP), which belongs to the group of alkylating cytostatics, is indispensable for the treatment of cancer. This is despite the fact that its exact mechanism of action was unknown until a few years ago, and therefore, all attempts to improve the effectiveness of CP failed. The reason for not knowing the mechanism of action was the uncritical transfer of the chemical processes that lead to the formation of the actual alkylating CP metabolite phosphoreamide mustard (PAM) in vitro to in vivo conditions. In vitro—e.g., in cell culture experiments—PAM is formed by β-elimination of acrolein from the pharmacologically active CP metabolite aldophosphamide (ALD). In vivo, on the other hand, it is formed by enzymatic cleavage of ALD by phosphodiesterases (PDE) with the formation of 3-hydroxypropanal (HPA). The discovery of HPA as a cyclophosphamide metabolite, together with the discovery that HPA is a proapoptotic aldehyde and the discovery that the cell death event in therapy with CP is DNA-alkylation-initiated p53-controlled apoptosis, led to the formulation of a mechanism of action of CP and other oxazaphosphorine cytostatics (OX). This mechanism of action is presented here and is confirmed by newly developed CP-like compounds with lower toxicity and an order of magnitude better effectiveness.
Acceptance Analysis of Electric Heavy Trucks and Battery Swapping Stations in the German Market
Authors: Noto Florian , Mostofi Hamid
Published: August 2023

Heavy-duty vehicles are a major contributor to CO2 emissions in the transportation sector, and it is necessary to develop clean and green technologies to replace diesel trucks. Electric trucks have not reached a breakthrough in the German market. In addition to technology development, customer acceptance of new technologies is a critical factor in the success of sustainable transportation policies. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the perceptions regarding electric trucks and providing insights into the acceptance of these technologies. Data and arguments on the expected risks and benefits of heavy-duty electric trucks, with a special focus on the battery swapping solution, were collected through a survey and expert interviews in the German commercial transport sector. The authors collected a sample of 146 qualitative responses and 61 individual statements on the expected risks and benefits of electric trucks and battery swapping. While the responses to the classified questions are overwhelmingly positive, the individual statements show that there are still many open questions.
Effects of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the Female Reproductive Tract Leading to Infertility and Cancer: Systematic Search and Review
Authors: Syed Shermeen , Qasim Shandana , Ejaz Maheen , Sammar  , Khan Nimra , Ali Haider , Zaker Himasadat , Hatzidaki Eleftheria , Mamoulakis Charalampos , Tsatsakis Aristidis , Shah Syed Tahir Abbas , Amir Saira
Published: August 2023

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) such as dichlorodimethyltrichloroethane (DDT) are present and ubiquitous in the environment due to their resilient nature. DDT is a prevalent endocrine disruptor still found in detectable amounts in organisms and the environment even after its use was banned in the 1970s. Medline and Google Scholar were systematically searched to detect all relevant animal and human studies published in the last 20 years (January 2003 to February 2023) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In total, 38 studies were included for qualitative synthesis. This systematic search and review indicated that exposure to DDT is associated with female reproductive health issues, such as reduced fecundability; increased risk of preterm/premature deliveries; increased periods of gestation; alterations in the synthesis of crucial reproductive hormones (Progesterone and Oxytocin) through ion imbalances and changes in prostaglandin synthesis, myometrial and stromal hypertrophy, and edema; and variations in uterine contractions through increased uterine wet weight. There was also limited evidence indicating DDT as a carcinogen sufficient to instigate reproductive cancers. However, this review only takes into account the in vitro studies that have established a possible pathway to understand how DDT impacts female infertility and leads to reproductive cancers. Links between the pathways described in various studies have been developed in this review to produce a summarized picture of how one event might lead to another. Additionally, epidemiological studies that specifically targeted the exposure to DDT of females belonging to various ethnicities have been reviewed to develop an overall picture of prevailing female reproductive health concerns in different nations.
Modeling the Greenhouse Gases Data Series in Europe during 1990–2021
Authors: Bărbulescu Alina
Published: August 2023

Nowadays, climate change and atmospheric pollution are two of humanity's most significant challenges. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are responsible for climate change, and they create effects that are mostly irreversible. Therefore, monitoring and reducing such emissions are compulsory for the preservation of the environment for future generations. The European Union took action in this direction. The article presents the evolution of the total GHGs trend, from 1990 to 2021, in the EU countries and their associates. Trend analysis and grouping of the countries using different clustering techniques are performed. The analysis of the existence of greenhouse gases (GHGs) series’ trend, in 30 countries from Europe, showed that the GHG emissions decreased from 1990 to 2021 in only 17 countries. The annual series, built using the data reported by each country each year, does not present a specific trend. After grouping the countries in clusters by k-means and hierarchical clustering, the representative series for the annual recorded values in the 30 studied countries, called Regional series (RegS), is built using series selected from the cluster with the highest number of elements. The same algorithm provides the Representative Temporal series (TempS), which selects specific years after clustering the annual GHG series.
Polyvalent Snake Antivenoms: Production Strategy and Their Therapeutic Benefits
Authors: Ratanabanangkoon Kavi
Published: August 2023

Snake envenomation remains an important yet neglected medical problem in many countries, with around five million people affected, and over a hundred thousand deaths annually. Plasma-derived antivenoms are the main therapeutic agent available. Monovalent antivenoms are produced via the immunization of large animals, e.g., horses, with one venom, after which the horse serum can neutralize the homologous venom, with minimal or no cross neutralization against other venoms. It is necessary, therefore, for the culprit snake to be identified, so that the appropriate specific antivenom can be selected. Polyvalent antivenoms (pAVs) are produced via immunization with a number of snake venoms, and the serum can neutralize all the venoms used in its production. Thus, pAVs can be used to treat several venoms from a country/region, and the identification of the culprit snake is not necessary. There are various parameters and processes involved in the production of pAVs, depending on the requirements and resources available. Most commercial pAVs use a mixture of both elapid and viperid venoms as immunogens, while some pAVs use either elapid or viperid venoms. Some pAVs are produced through the mixing of more than one monovalent or polyvalent antivenom. These various types of pAVs have their own characteristics, and have benefits and drawbacks. The major benefits of pAVs are the wide coverage of many medically important venoms, including many heterologous venoms. They also remove the need to identify the culprit snake, and they can be produced at a lower cost than several monovalent antivenoms. Interesting polyvalent antivenoms, termed ‘syndromic pAVs’ (s-pAVs), have recently gained attention. They are produced for use according to the syndromes manifested in snakebite patients. The venoms that produce these syndromes are used as immunogens in the production of ‘syndromic antivenoms’. For example, ‘neurotoxic polyvalent antivenom’ and ‘hematotoxic polyvalent antivenom’ are produced using the neurotoxic elapid and hematotoxic viperid venoms as immunogens, respectively. They were first marketed by the Thai Red Cross in 2012, and have since gained attention as a possible therapeutic modality to help solve the problem of snakebite envenomation globally. The merits of these s-pAVs, including their efficacy and wide paraspecificities, are discussed.
The Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Cow Milk Collected from Tunisia during a Hot Lactating Season
Authors: Hassouna Khouloud Ben , Salah-Abbès Jalila Ben , Chaieb Kamel , Abbès Samir , Ferrer Emilia , Martí-Quijal Francisco J. , Pallarés Noelia , Berrada Houda
Published: August 2023

Milk is a staple food that is essential for human nutrition because of its high nutrient content and health benefits. However, it is susceptible to being contaminated by Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is a toxic metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) presented in cow feeds. This research investigated AFM1 in Tunisian raw cow milk samples. A total of 122 samples were collected at random from two different regions in 2022 (Beja and Mahdia). AFM1 was extracted from milk using the QuEChERS method, and contamination amounts were determined using liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorescence detection (FD). Good recoveries were shown with intra-day and inter-day precisions of 97 and 103%, respectively, and detection and quantification levels of 0.003 and 0.01 µg/L, respectively. AFM1 was found in 97.54% of the samples, with amounts varying from values below the LOQ to 197.37 µg/L. Lower AFM1 was observed in Mahdia (mean: 39.37 µg/L), respectively. In positive samples, all AFM1 concentrations exceeded the EU maximum permitted level (0.050 µg/L) for AFM1 in milk. In Tunisia, a maximum permitted level for AFM1 in milk and milk products has not been established. The risk assessment of AFM1 was also determined. Briefly, the estimated intake amount of AFM1 by Tunisian adults through raw cow milk consumption was 0.032 µg/kg body weight/day. The Margin of Exposure (MOE) values obtained were lower than 10,000. According to the findings, controls as well as the establishment of regulations for AFM1 in milk are required in Tunisia.
High Level of Knowledge about Tungiasis but Little Translation into Control Practices in Karamoja, Northeastern Uganda
Authors: Thielecke Marlene , McNeilly Hannah , Mutebi Francis , Banalyaki Mike B. , Arono Rebecca , Wiese Susanne , Reichert Felix , Mukone George , Feldmeier Hermann
Published: August 2023

Tungiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that can cause significant suffering and disability. Health promotion is an important pillar in NTD control programs, assuming that better knowledge contributes to reduced risk behavior and reduced risk of infection. The study objective was to assess tungiasis-related knowledge and its translation into control practices in a rural and highly endemic setting in Karamoja, Northeastern Uganda. We applied a mixed-methods design on household and community level. A semi-quantitative questionnaire on knowledge, practices, and attitudes (KAP) regarding tungiasis was administered to 1329 individuals with the main caring responsibilities in the household. Additionally, eight community dialogue meetings were held and analyzed. Overall, knowledge of tungiasis in humans was high but knowledge of tungiasis in animals was low. Most questionnaire respondents knew the causative agent and clinical presentations of tungiasis in humans, risk factors, and preventive measures. This tungiasis-related knowledge was translated into simple prevention measures. However, adequate tungiasis control was impeded due to a lack of resources, such as access to water and effective medical treatment. In conclusion, health promotion campaigns should be integrated with support towards adequate tungiasis control measures, such as provision of safe treatment, hardening of non-solid floors in the houses, and improved access to water.
Dengue Fever Surveillance in Mato Grosso do Sul: Insights from Genomic Analysis and Implications for Public Health Strategies
Authors: Castilho de Arruda Larissa Domingues , Giovanetti Marta , Fonseca Vagner , Zardin Marina Castilhos Souza Umaki , Lichs Gislene Garcia de Castro , Asato Silvia , Esposito Ana Olivia Pascoto , Tokeshi Müller Miriam , Xavier Joilson , Fritsch Hegger , Lima Mauricio , de Oliveira Carla , Santos Elaine Vieira , Maziero Livia de Mello Almeida , Frias Danila Fernanda Rodrigues , Ahad das Neves Danielle , Ferreira da Silva Liliane , Rodrigues Barretos Ellen Caroline , Tsuha Oshiro Paulo Eduardo , Modafari Goday Bianca , Lemos dos Santos Jéssica Klener , Kashima Simone , Albuquerque Carlos F. C. de , Said Rodrigo Fabiano do Carmo , Rosewell Alexander , Demarchi Luiz Henrique Ferraz , Croda Julio , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Cavalheiro Maymone Gonçalves Crhistinne
Published: August 2023

Since its discovery in early 1916, dengue fever, a common vector-borne illness in Brazil, has resulted in extensive urban outbreaks and poses a serious threat to the public’s health. Understanding the dynamics of Dengue Virus (DENV) serotypes circulating in different regions of Brazil is essential for implementing effective disease control and prevention measures. In response to this urgent need, we conducted an on-site training program in genomic surveillance in collaboration with the Central Laboratory of Health and the Secretary of Health of the Mato Grosso do Sul state. This initiative resulted in the generation of 177 DENV genome sequences collected between May 2021 and May 2022, a period during which over 11,391 dengue fever cases were reported in the state. Through this approach, we were able to identify the co-circulation of two different dengue serotypes (DENV1 and DENV2) as well as the existence of diverse viral lineages within each genotype, suggesting that multiple introduction events of different viral strains occurred in the region. By integrating epidemiological data, our findings unveiled temporal fluctuations in the relative abundance of different serotypes throughout various epidemic seasons, highlighting the complex and changing dynamics of DENV transmission throughout time. These findings demonstrate the value of ongoing surveillance activities in tracking viral transmission patterns, monitoring viral evolution, and informing public health actions.
Phylogenetic and Phylodynamic Analysis of Delta Strains Circulating in Italy
Authors: Salichos Leonidas , Minosse Claudia , Visco-Comandini Ubaldo , Taibi Chiara , Zulian Verdiana , D’Offizi Gianpiero , Pallothu Nayan , McPhee Fiona , Garbuglia Anna Rosa
Published: August 2023

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) exhibits high genetic and evolutionary variability and is classified into eight genotypes (HDV-1 to -8). HDV-1 is the most widespread genotype worldwide and includes several subtypes. It predominates mainly in Europe, the Middle East, North America, and Northern Africa, and is associated with both severe and mild forms of liver disease. In this study, we performed phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of HDV strains circulating in Regione Lazio, Italy, to understand when these strains were introduced into the Lazio region and to define their genetic variability in Italy. Fifty HDV RNA positive patient samples were amplified using a nested RT-PCR approach targeting the HDV R0 region and sequenced. A phylogenetic tree of patient-derived sequences and reference sequences representing HDV-1 to -8 was constructed using the GTRGAMMA model in RAxML v8. The results indicated that HDV-1 was the predominant genotype with HDV-1d being the most frequently inferred subtype. HDV-1 sequences clustering with subtypes 1b and 1e were also identified. A phylodynamic analysis of HDV-1 sequences employing a Bayesian birth-death model inferred a clock rate of 3.04 × 10−4 substitutions per site per million years, with a 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD) interval of 3.45 × 10−5 to 5.72 × 10−4. A Bayesian birth-death analysis with tree calibration based on a sample dating approach indicated multiple original sources of infection (from the late 1950s to late 1980s). Overall, these results suggest that HDV sequences from the native Italian and non-Italian patients analyzed in this study represent multiple lineages introduced across a wide period. A common ancestral origin should be excluded.
Structural Characterization of Canine Minute Virus, Rat and Porcine Bocavirus
Authors: Velez Michael , Mietzsch Mario , Hsi Jane , Bell Logan , Chipman Paul , Fu Xiaofeng , McKenna Robert
Published: August 2023

Bocaparvovirus is an expansive genus of the Parvovirinae, with a wide range of vertebrate hosts. This study investigates Canine minute virus (CnMV), Rat bocavirus (RBoV), and Porcine bocavirus 1 (PBoV1). Both CnMV and PBoV1 have been found in gastrointestinal infections in their respective hosts, with CnMV responsible for spontaneous abortions in dogs, while PBoV has been associated with encephalomyelitis in piglets. The pathogenicity of the recently identified RBoV is currently unknown. To initiate the characterization of these viruses, their capsids structures were determined by cryo-electron microscopy at resolutions ranging from 2.3 to 2.7 Å. Compared to other parvoviruses, the CnMV, PBoV1, and RBoV capsids showed conserved features, such as the channel at the fivefold symmetry axis. However, major differences were observed at the two- and threefold axes. While CnMV displays prominent threefold protrusions, the same region is more recessed in PBoV1 and RBoV. Furthermore, the typical twofold axis depression of parvoviral capsids is absent in CnMV or very small in PBoV and RBoV. These capsid structures extend the structural portfolio for the Bocaparvovirus genus and will allow future characterization of these pathogens on a molecular level. This is important, as no antivirals or vaccines exist for these viruses.
Using Machine Learning in Veterinary Medical Education: An Introduction for Veterinary Medicine Educators
Authors: Hooper Sarah E. , Hecker Kent G. , Artemiou Elpida
Published: August 2023

Machine learning (ML) offers potential opportunities to enhance the learning, teaching, and assessments within veterinary medical education including but not limited to assisting with admissions processes as well as student progress evaluations. The purpose of this primer is to assist veterinary educators in appraising and potentially adopting these rapid upcoming advances in data science and technology. In the first section, we introduce ML concepts and highlight similarities/differences between ML and classical statistics. In the second section, we provide a step-by-step worked example using simulated veterinary student data to answer a hypothesis-driven question. Python syntax with explanations is provided within the text to create a random forest ML prediction model, a model composed of decision trees with each decision tree being composed of nodes and leaves. Within each step of the model creation, specific considerations such as how to manage incomplete student records are highlighted when applying ML algorithms within the veterinary education field. The results from the simulated data demonstrate how decisions by the veterinary educator during ML model creation may impact the most important features contributing to the model. These results highlight the need for the veterinary educator to be fully transparent during the creation of ML models and future research is needed to establish guidelines for handling data not missing at random in medical education, and preferred methods for model evaluation.
The Use of Tricaine Methanesulfonate (MS-222) in Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) at Different Temperatures: Study of Optimal Doses, Minimum Effective Concentration, Blood Biochemistry, Immersion Pharmacokinetics, and Tissue Distributions
Authors: Hsu Julia Chu-Ning , Rairat Tirawat , Lu Yi-Ping , Chou Chi-Chung
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to determine the optimal doses and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) in marketable-size Asian seabass reared at two temperatures (22 and 28 °C). Serum biochemical parameters, pharmacokinetics, and tissue distributions of MS-222 following immersion at the determined optimal doses were also evaluated in order to delineate possible mechanisms dictating the temperature difference. The definition of optimal dose is set as the dose when fish attain stage III anesthesia within 5 min, sustain this stage for 3 min, and re-attain equilibrium within 5 min. The MEC is the fish serum MS-222 concentration when stage III anesthesia is reached. The results showed that water temperature exerted no or minimal impact on the designated parameters. The optimal doses at 22 and 28 °C were 140 and 150 µg/mL, while the MECs were 70.48 and 78.27 µg/mL, respectively. Fish exposed to the optimal doses of MS-222 had significantly elevated blood concentrations of lactate, glucose, calcium, magnesium, and sodium, while the blood pH was significantly decreased. The fish eliminated MS-222 faster at 28 °C than at 22 °C, with serum half-lives of 18.43 and 37.01 h, respectively. Tissue-specific distribution patterns were evident. Irrespective of water temperature, MS-222 peaked at 5 min for the brain and gill but peaked slightly later at 10–20 min for the liver and kidney. Most tissues exhibit a gradual decline of drug concentration except for the gill, which was maintained at a steady level. Muscle is the least perfused tissue with the lowest drug concentration throughout the 90 min period. This study provided physiological and pharmacokinetic evidence contributing to a better understanding of the actions of MS-222 in Asian seabass at different temperatures.
Development and Degeneration of the Intervertebral Disc—Insights from Across Species
Authors: Murphy Kathryn , Lufkin Thomas , Kraus Petra
Published: August 2023

Back pain caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration has a major socio-economic impact in humans, yet historically has received minimal attention in species other than humans, mice and dogs. However, a general growing interest in this unique organ prompted the expansion of IVD research in rats, rabbits, cats, horses, monkeys, and cows, further illuminating the complex nature of the organ in both healthy and degenerative states. Application of recent biotechnological advancements, including single cell RNA sequencing and complex data analysis methods has begun to explain the shifting inflammatory signaling, variation in cellular subpopulations, differential gene expression, mechanical loading, and metabolic stresses which contribute to age and stress related degeneration of the IVD. This increase in IVD research across species introduces a need for chronicling IVD advancements and tissue biomarkers both within and between species. Here we provide a comprehensive review of recent single cell RNA sequencing data alongside existing case reports and histo/morphological data to highlight the cellular complexity and metabolic challenges of this unique organ that is of structural importance for all vertebrates.
Spatial-Temporal Statistical Analysis of Training of Personnel with Higher Education in the Constituent Entities of the Volga Federal District
Authors: Afanas’ev V. N. , Lebedeva T. V.
Published: August 2023

The study aims at a comprehensive, spatial-temporal assessment, based on regional statistics, of the intensity of development of higher education in the Volga Federal District (VFD) concerning the economic and demographic characteristics of the constituent entities of the VFD.

The paper presents the results of a statistical analysis of key indicators of training of personnel with higher education in the constituent entities of the VFD. It also explains the influence of sectoral characteristics of regional economies on the structure of university graduates by areas of training and specialties. The authors argue that there are significant imbalances and negative trends in the dynamics of the main indicators of training of personnel with higher education in the constituent entities of the VFD. If the current trends continue, by 2024, in the VFD regions the indicators of the number of students in education programs for bachelor, specialist, and master per 10 000 population and the number of graduated bachelors, specialists, and masters per 10 000 population are expected to decrease by 36–58% compared to the level of 2015.

The article emphasizes the features identified based on inter-regional comparative analysis in the system of fields of training and special- ties of higher education in constituent entities of the VFD, due to the transformation in the economic sphere, do not adequately correspond to the existing sectoral structure of the regional economy.

According to the authors, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, to a large extent, will depend on a substantial increase in the regional capacity of higher education in each of the constituent entities of the VFD.
On Ensuring the Comparability of Statistical Indicators when Changing State Borders
Authors: Bessonov V. A.
Published: August 2023

The paper discusses the author's proposals for addressing the problem of achieving the comparability of Russian socio-economic indicators related to the change in the borders of the state as a result of the special military operation. The experience of ensuring indicators comparability when changing state borders, namely during the unification of Germany in 1990 and reunification with Crimea in 2014, is considered. It is shown that, due to the long duration of the process of changing borders and the uncertainty of its results, the specificity of the discussed Russian episode of changing state borders makes it unique, i. e., having no direct analogues in recent decades for developed countries. The article discusses requirements for data comparability, which are imposed by the tasks for which they are used. The need to find such a solution to the problem, which would allow analyzing the dynamics of indicators for both a comparable and entire territories, is explained. The author proposes a simple and technologically advanced approach to solving the problem of comparability. Features of its solution for indicators of different types, different levels of aggregation, and with different time steps are considered. Recommendations for organizing the work related to ensuring the comparability of statistical indicators when changing state borders are proposed.
What Are Statistics: It's Time to set the Record Straight
Authors: Michnenko O. E. , Salin V. N.
Published: August 2023

The authors present their views on the modern concept of statistics as a science, academic discipline, and field of activity. The urgency of the matter lies in an adequate understanding of the essence of statistics, which determines the direction for its further evolution as a tool for increasing the effectiveness of the national socio-economic processes.

According to the authors, by the beginning of the XXI century, de jure statistics are associated with activities, measured by data, that reflect a set of phenomena of diverse nature while ignoring de facto activities, associated with an assessment of the quantitative side of mass phenomena as part of information support of cognitive processes and management decision-making in the socio-economic sphere. In the former case, theoretical, methodological, and practical statistical activities are based on the consideration of the statistical population as such, for which is being developed an appropriate toolkit based primarily on the unity of methods of mathematical logic, mathematical statistics, and big data analysis. In the latter case, theoretical, methodological, and practical activities are interpreted within the framework of the concept implying that the quantitative side of mass social phenomena is the object of cognition and management as an objective reality. It is based on the following categories: a statistical indicator, a system of indicators, and an information model.

Analysis of the main features of the two types of activity show that their convergence is impossible. The paper concludes that while maintaining the independent status of the first type of activity, called Statistics, it would be appropriate to acknowledge the independent status of the second type of activity, called Socio-economic statistics, as a type of occupation, a specialty and area of training in higher education, a scientific specialty – a branch of science, incorporating it in the professional standard «Statistician», the educational standard of higher education «Socio-economic statistics», and the standard of the scientific specialty «Socio-economic statistics».
Palimpsest : Margaret Atwood’s Bluebeard’s Egg
Authors: Godard Barbara
Published: August 2023

Palimpseste : «Bluebeard’s Egg » de Margaret Atwood.

La compréhension plus poussée des êtres humains que manifeste Bluebeard’s Egg peut être reliée à un renouvellement profond de la technique de Margaret Atwood. L’essai analyse comment cette illusion de compassion est construite par les stratégies narratives. Elle est créée par une série de changements - dans les relations entre textes enchâssés et textes enchâssants et dans la nature même des matériaux insérés. L’une des nouveautés de Bluebeard’s Egg est d’explorer certaines formes de récit oral ainsi promues au rang de littérature.
"And it all goes along to the same jolly song" : Chansons et poèmes dans Gravity's Rainbow
Authors: Battesti Anne
Published: August 2023

Dans Gravity’s Rainbow, le divertissement des chansons et poèmes donne lieu à des interférences entre formes en vers et en prose, entre voix et écriture : contamination mais discordance où, sur les ruines d'une parole poétique pleine et légère comme le chant, se lisent le malheur et la force de l'écriture de Pynchon.
Relations inter-énoncés : de la subordination à la coordination
Authors: Deléchelle Gérard
Published: August 2023

Cet article montre, à partir de l'étude des relations inter-énoncés de type causal, combien il est difficile de donner une définition claire de la subordination et de la coordination. Même si l'on peut établir un gradient entre ces catégories grammaticales en termes de degrés d'intégration syntaxique, ces distinctions ne doivent pas être considérées comme absolues, car les nombreuses valeurs qu'on peut attribuer aux notions de subordination et de coordination sont le produit d'opérations faisant intervenir divers facteurs, syntaxiques, sémantiques, énonciatifs et discursifs dont certains sont abordés ici.
When is a noun string a phraseological unit ?
Authors: Munat Judith
Published: August 2023

The present article focuses on one small subset of the multi-faceted and complex phraseological universe, that of noun + noun formations. After discussing the various types of nominals and describing their semantic, lexical, psycholinguistic and functional characteristics, I analyze two sets of nominals drawn from two different textual varieties (a work of fiction and news articles from the daily press) and attempt to answer the following questions : is it possible to distinguish stable N+N constructions functioning as phraseological units from other types of nominals, either non-lexicalized ad hoc or fully transparent phrasal collocations, and on the basis of what criteria ? Do different types of nominals fulfill distinct functions in different contexts of use ? The hypothesis underlying this study is that the functional roles and stylistic properties of noun strings will provide more fruitful definitional criteria than semantic classifications, and I propose a functional classification of the N+N units drawn from the fictional text.
Against misinterpretation : Benjamin Jowett’s Translations of Plato and the ethics of modern homosexuality
Authors: Evangelista Stefano
Published: August 2023

Benjamin Jowett published his first edition of the Complete Dialogues of Plato in 1871. My article explores how Jowett attempted to prevent radical appropriations of the frank treatment of homosexuality present in Plato’s texts, especially in the Symposium, now available for the first time, in their entirety, in English. I analyse some of the correspondence between Jowett and John Addington Symonds : here they discuss the role of male love in the Platonic canon and its relation to modern ethics. After his exchange with Symonds, while preparing the third edition of the Dialogues (1892), Jowett became conscious of the fact that some of Plato’s texts contained a potential for “misinterpretation” and therefore tried to increase his hermeneutic control over his translations in order to prevent degenerative readings of them.
“Commence + to - infinitives” in G. Stein’s discourse
Authors: Delmas Claude
Published: August 2023

Cette contribution a pour objet d’étude des énoncés contenant des occurrences du verbe anglais commence au prétérit suivi de la complémentation infinitive en to. Elle se donne pour visée de montrer dans quelle mesure se vérifient les hypothèses communes proposées dans la littérature pour expliquer quelques facettes du fonctionnement du verbe retenu et sa complémentation. L’étude tente de montrer en quoi le formalisme du verbe commence implique la relation co-énonciative en rupture. Certains des concepts utilisés sont empruntés à la théorie des «modes de discours» de C. Smith et plus particulièrement celui de glissement entre les modes. Il est montré que les dimensions textuelles et discursives peuvent éclairer certaines propriétés du sujet grammatical et de la relation prédicative infinitive prise en elle-même. S’appuyant sur certains apports des théories énonciatives françaises, l’étude tente de montrer que le statut de l’énonciateur peut lui-même faire l’objet de caractérisation et d’une mise en perspective au sein d’un mode argumentatif. L’unique exemple commenced painting du texte suggère une analyse du type identification en dépit d’une frontière plus complexe que l’explication aspectuelle souvent mise en avant.
Border Environments : Theorising Media and Culture in the Windsor-Detroit Borderlands, 1943-1946
Authors: Darroch Michael
Published: August 2023

Cet article prend appui sur la formule de Marshall McLuhan selon laquelle la frontière «n’est pas un lien mais un entre-deux de résonance» (1977 : 226) et se penche sur la conception de la frontière jusqu’au milieu des années 1940. McLuhan a vécu et enseigné à Windsor, Ontario, ville frontière canadienne qui se trouve en face de Detroit, Michigan. Pendant son séjour à Windsor, McLuhan a entretenu une collaboration avec Wyndham Lewis, professeur à Windsor et à Detroit à l’époque, et avec Siegfried Giedion, qui voyageait alors en Amérique du Nord. Lewis et Giedion eurent une influence décisive sur McLuhan qui commençait à théoriser le concept d’environnements culturels médiatisés. On peut penser que l’expérience qu’a vécue McLuhan à Windsor/ Detroit a été le creuset dans lequel prit forme sa théorie du «village global» conçu non comme espace utopique préfigurant un univers culturellement harmonieux mais plutôt comme sphère dans laquelle chacun d’entre nous s’implique, consciemment ou non. Parce qu’elles suscitent des frictions, les frontières sont des espaces collectifs où les différences culturelles doivent être reconnues. Ainsi, des zones frontalières comme Windsor/Detroit, à la fois poreuses et imperméables, demeurent-elles des espaces d’enseignements féconds qui encouragent des modes de vision pluriels.
Re-imagining the National Community. The Afghanistan War (2001-2014) and the Precarious Borders of Britishness
Authors: Blanchet Béatrice
Published: August 2023

Cet article explore la nouvelle cartographie des frontières symboliques et géopolitiques de la Grande-Bretagne, illustrée par des discours médiatiques et politiques ainsi que par des rituels commémoratifs lors de l'intervention militaire britannique en Afghanistan sous le commandement de l'OTAN (2001-2014). Pendant la guerre en Afghanistan, la célébration discursive de l'exceptionnalisme insulaire britannique a constitué une réponse à l'existence attestée d'espaces liminaux d'appartenance incarnés par les figures d'insider-outsiders tels que les interprètes locaux et les exilés. À la suite du 11 -Septembre, la guerre en Afghanistan a été marquée par la résurgence des représentations impériales associées aux frontières britanniques, perçues comme des divisions territoriales et symboliques entre civilisation et anarchie, vulnérables à la subversion physique et idéologique. Certains rituels commémoratifs largement médiatisés tels que les rapatriements de soldats tombés au combat dans la ville anglaise de Wootton Bassett ont contribué à la définition d'une affiliation nationale exclusive, séparant la Nation (home) et ses ailleurs géographiques (away). Célébrant les héros-victimes d’un conflit controversé, ces rituels ont ainsi évoqué (de manière étymologique et symbolique) un retour à la sécurité émotionnelle de la patrie. Souvent décrites comme des microcosmes de la Nation à l'ère post-dévolution, ces commémorations ont révélé l'intensité des débats portant sur l'identité nationale (Britishness) ainsi que la pérennité des représentations de l'étrangéité à l'extérieur des frontières britanniques.
Associations of Hyponatremia with Cognition Function and All-Cause Mortality: Post Hoc Analysis of the Systolic BP Intervention Trial
Authors: Sarwal Amara , Boucher Robert E. , Abraham Nikita , Singh Ravinder , Ye Xiangyang , Moghaddam Farahnaz A. , Hartsell Sydney E. , Wei Guo , Beddhu Srinivasan
Published: August 2023

Key Points

Incident hyponatremia is associated with probable dementia.

Incident hyponatremia does not seem to be associated with mild cognitive impairment or death.

Background

Acute neurologic effects of severe hyponatremia are well-known. However, the long-term association of hyponatremia with cognitive impairment is unclear.

Methods

In this post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial, we examined whether incident hyponatremia is a risk factor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD). In those with baseline serum sodium level ≥130 mmol/L, we defined incident hyponatremia in the first 6 months as a Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial safety alert for serum sodium level <130 mmol/L from randomization to the 6-month visit. In multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for baseline cognitive function and other variables, we related incident hyponatremia in the first 6 months with subsequent MCI or PD in 8540 participants with cognitive outcomes data and with all-cause mortality (ACM) in 9135 participants with mortality data.

Results

Incident hyponatremia in the first 6 months was noted in 116 participants (1.4%). Older age, female sex, non-Black race, lower body mass index, and randomization to intensive systolic BP control were associated with incident hyponatremia. Compared with those without hyponatremia, those with incident hyponatremia had higher risk of PD (2.1 versus 0.9 events/100 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 3.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48 to 6.41) but not MCI (3.1 versus 3.6 events/100 person-years; HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.68) and the composite of MCI/PD (5.0 versus 4.2 events/100 person-years; HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.82 to 2.0). There were no significant differences in ACM (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 0.90 to 3.73).

Conclusions

Biologic plausibility for the association of incident hyponatremia with PD but not MCI or death is unclear. The association of incident hyponatremia with PD could reflect a chance finding or noncausal biologic association or causal relationship.
Self-Powered Flexible Multicolor Electrochromic Devices for Information Displays
Authors: Xue Wenzhao , Zhang Yun , Liu Feng , Dou Yao , Yan Mei , Wang Wenshou
Published: August 2023

The development of self-powered flexible multicolor electrochromic (EC) systems that could switch different color without an external power supply has remained extremely challenging. Here, a new trilayer film structure for achieving self-powered flexible multicolor EC displays based on self-charging/discharging mechanism is proposed, which is simply assembled by sandwiching an ionic gel film between 2 cathodic nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) and Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticle films on indium tin oxide substrates. The display exhibits independent self-powered color switching of NiHCF and PB films with fast responsive time and high reversibility by selectively connecting the Al wire as anodes with the 2 EC films. Multicolor switching is thus achieved through a color overlay effect by superimposing the 2 EC films, including green, blue, yellow, and colorless. The bleaching/coloration process of the displays is driven by the discharging/self-charging mechanism for NiHCF and PB films, respectively, ensuring the self-powered color switching of the displays reversibly without an external power supply. It is further demonstrated that patterns can be easily created in the self-powered EC displays by the spray-coating method, allowing multicolor changing to convey specific information. Moreover, a self-powered ionic writing board is demonstrated based on the self-powered EC displays that can be repeatedly written freehand without the need of an external power source. We believe that the design concept may provide new insights into the development of self-powered flexible multicolor EC displays with self-recovered energy for widespread applications.
Self-similar collapse in a circular magnetic field and electron jets by hybrid transverse plasmon
Authors: Zhao ZuYang , Liu Xiaolan , Liu Sanqiu , Li XiaoQing
Published: August 2023

Based on a set of nonlinear coupling equations describing the interaction of the HF field, self-generated magnetic field, and ion-acoustic wave, the dispersion relation of hybrid transverse plasmon under the circular self-generated magnetic field is obtained. The analysis of magnetic modulation instability shows that the circular self-generated magnetic fields have the tendency to self-similar collapse which makes the electron escape along the axial region and form a collimated jet. In addition, the velocity of the electron jets is calculated, and the result is consistent with experimental observation. The present research may be applied to understand the dynamic process of electron jets produced in laser plasma.
El insulto como forma de discriminación discursiva en contra de las personas queer en los comentarios de Facebook
Authors: Osorio Zúñiga Fernanda , Alarcón Hernández Paola
Published: August 2023

La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los comentarios en publicaciones de Facebook sobre la temática del matrimonio igualitario en Chile. El estudio se enmarca teóricamente en el análisis del discurso digital y la Lingüística Queer. La metodología es cualitativa. Para todas las etapas del procedimiento se utilizó́ una codificación abierta. El corpus está compuesto de un total de 2391 comentarios de la red social Facebook provenientes de cinco páginas de medios chilenos de comunicación masiva. A través del análisis se levantaron dos macrocategorías (a favor y en contra) y nueve categorías que permiten comprender cómo funcionan los insultos, a qué temáticas apuntan y cuáles son sus lugares comunes. Estos resultados evidencian al insulto como una forma de discriminación discursiva dentro del género discursivo de los comentarios de Facebook.
Divagar con ingenio: las digresiones reflexivas en relatos periodísticos de Juan Villoro
Authors: Silva Meaney Deni Alejandra
Published: August 2023

El uso de digresiones reflexivas no es exclusivo de la literatura, sino que también se da en los relatos periodísticos y es un ejemplo de que la subjetividad del/a narrador/a está presente. En este artículo se presenta una parte del análisis de la investigación sobre esta figura discursiva en los textos que componen Balón dividido del escritor y periodista mexicano Juan Villoro. En dichos relatos, el autor introduce sus consideraciones y opiniones sobre lo que narra a partir del uso de digresiones reflexivas de distintos tipos: pregunta, comparación, modalización, discurso ajeno e híbridas.
Producción científica de mujeres lingüistas formadas en Chile entre 1970 y 2010
Authors: Vásquez-Rocca Liliana Cecilia , Varas Magaly
Published: August 2023

En Chile, el periodo entre 1970 y el retorno de la democracia generó una serie de tensiones en diferentes ámbitos, entre ellos, en las ciencias. Por ello, es pertinente explorar la producción científica de las mujeres del ámbito de las ciencias del lenguaje. Seguimos el enfoque de Fairclough (1995, 2003), Wodak (1997, 2003) y Reisigl y Wodak (2016), que funcionan complementariamente. El objetivo fue describir la producción científica de las mujeres lingüistas formadas en Chile entre 1970 y 2010. El corpus está conformado por 143 textos. Para el análisis, hemos tomado tres niveles: 1) co-texto inmediato del texto; 2) factores sociales y marcos institucionales, 3) contexto de situación y el contexto histórico (Reisigl y Wodak 2016). Los resultados muestran que la producción lingüística de estas décadas va aumentando en virtud de nuevos contextos institucionales y políticos que se vivían en el país.
¿Cómo se nombró a sí misma la dictadura militar argentina? Acerca del nombre “Proceso de Reorganización Nacional”
Authors: Montero Ana Soledad
Published: August 2023

Este trabajo tiene dos objetivos. El primero es abordar, desde un punto de vista discursivo, los modos en que acontecimientos sociales o políticos quedan cristalizados en el lenguaje mediante operaciones de denominación. Se trata de rastrear distintas categorías conceptuales que remiten al acto de nombrar acontecimientos históricos. El segundo objetivo es analizar el surgimiento y la circulación del nombre oficial de la dictadura militar argentina, Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, en un corpus de discursos políticos y periodísticos.