bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Strategies and Implementation Effect Evaluation of Urban Old Neighborhood Renovation--Taking Nanjing as an Example
Authors: Xiang Guangfang
Published: October 2024

The transformation of old neighborhoods is related to the quality of life and happiness of neighborhood residents, and the needs of residents must be fully considered in the development of transformation strategies. The problem to be transformed according to the needs is summarized in this paper, and the key indicators of the neighborhood’s spatial pattern are abstracted. Under the guidance of the perception-behavior correlation model, the correlation and regression curves between spatial indicators and behavioral density are estimated, and the optimal value of the correlated behavioral density is calculated to provide data support for intelligent transformation strategies. The CRITIC method and the cloud model are combined in the article to create an evaluation model for the transformation effect. Taking Kangfu Village in Nanjing as an example, the perception-behavior correlation analysis points out that each public space perception index has an extremely significant statistical correlation with residents’ spontaneous activity density and long-time activity density. The best-fit function curves were obtained through further curve estimation regression analysis, and the ideal value intervals were determined for each perception indicator. After the implementation of the retrofit strategy, the expectation value of the owners’ cloud evaluation of the “community intelligent retrofit” is 3.677, and the similarity between the comprehensive evaluation of satisfaction and the comparative satisfaction level reaches 0.905, which makes the evaluation result more satisfactory. There are sufficient reasons to believe that the intelligent transformation strategy proposed in this paper is generally accepted, and the formulation of the strategy based on the perception-behavior correlation is scientific.
Digital Assessment of Curriculum Ideological and Political Education in Higher Vocational Institutions’ Courses Based on Correlation Matrix
Authors: Yang Xingbo
Published: October 2024

The concept of digital education has produced an unnoticeable impact on the teaching of Civics courses in colleges and universities. The study starts from the digital transformation of the curriculum ideological and political education in college courses to analyze and explore, based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to collect data from students’ campus card data, combined with the improved K-means clustering algorithm and correlation matrix, to establish a digital assessment model of curriculum ideological and political education based on the correlation matrix. The model’s data mining performance is evaluated through simulation tests. Then, students of a higher vocational college are selected as the research object, and the model is used to realize the construction of student portraits and the cluster analysis of student behavior and to mine the association rules between student behavior and the effect of curriculum ideological and political education. The data fluctuation range of this paper’s method is small and stable, within 0.35~0.50, with better data analysis performance. The model categorizes the sample students into 6 types of consumption regularity behaviors, 8 types of life regularity behaviors and 5 types of study effort level behaviors, and obtains 9 association rules between students’ behaviors and the effectiveness of Civic and Political teaching. The digital evaluation of curriculum ideological and political education can be effectively achieved using the campus card data mining model based on matrix association, as evidenced by the empirical analysis.
Innovative Research on the Teaching Mode of English Translation Course in Colleges and Universities with the Support of Deep Learning
Authors: Zhan Xia
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, teachers have begun to try to carry out teaching innovation, but there is still the phenomenon of copying the traditional course content and teaching form on the online teaching platform. Aiming at these types of teaching problems, this paper proposes research on the innovation of English translation teaching modes based on deep learning. In order to better analyze the effect of positional distance on word vectors, the PW-CBOW model is constructed on the basis of the structure of the CBOW model, and its parameters are optimized using the Adam optimizer. When the input and output are both indeterminate long sequences, a decoder-encoder is used for processing. The machine translation model is jointly constructed by combining the attention mechanism and the bidirectional gated loop unit. The English teaching model that combines the machine translation model is exemplified by using data analysis software. The results present that this paper’s model has +3.15 and +2.12 more BLEU points than the Transformer model and DynamicConv, respectively, and there is a significant difference between this paper’s teaching model and the traditional teaching model in the three dimensions of final grades, stage grades, and project grades, all of which satisfy P<0.05. A comprehensive analysis of the results suggests that this paper’s teaching model has a significant impact on students’ performance. The comprehensive analysis results show that the teaching model of this paper is of great significance to the improvement of student performance and the development of teaching in colleges.
Distributed Robust Control Design for Multi-Intelligent Body Systems Based on KYP Lemma
Authors: Zhang Chao , Tang Qian , Chang Xucheng , Chen Zhiqiang , Dai Jun
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a distributed robust control system is analyzed and investigated, and a series of control applications of the system are discussed using KYP primitives. Reliable H
∞ -state feedback and output feedback controllers are given for linear continuous time, ensuring that the corresponding closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and satisfies full-frequency performance. Simulation examples verify the superiority of the methodology of this paper, and the level of noise rejection is further enhanced as the number h of measured output values used is increased. The optimal performance metrics for finite-frequency are all lower than full-frequency, and the distributed filter outperforms the conventional filter. The closed-loop system has a maximum magnitude of 5.480 and 9.075, which meet the robustness requirement for the 4-8 Hz frequency range. The time-lag system can return to its stable state about 4 seconds after the disturbance, ensuring good, robust stability. The distributed robust control system proposed in this paper achieves good practical application results, and the numerical examples demonstrate the method’s effectiveness.
Empirical Analysis and Predictive Modeling of Return on Education Investment in Regional Economic Growth
Authors: Zhang Liwei
Published: October 2024

The rate of return on education can measure the size of the return on investment in education, which is an important research area related to national development. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the relationship between education, regional economic development, and related influence variables using a multilayer linear model. CGSS data of 31 provinces and cities in 2021 are chosen as the empirical analysis data, which are divided into east, middle, and west regions according to geographic location, and the differences in industrial development of the three major regions are measured in terms of upgrading of industrial structure, seniorization, rationalization, urbanization, investment in education, and technological development. Create a model to evaluate the impact of industrial structure upgrading on education investment return in each region. Separately, the slope prediction model includes education variables and regional economic development variables to examine the predictive impact of regional economic growth on the return on education investment. The coefficient of the cross-level interaction term between years of education and regional economic development has a value of 0.07829, and it passes the 1% statistical significance test with a significant cross-level interaction effect. It indicates that the higher the degree of regional economic development, the greater the role of educational human capital in promoting residents’ income, i.e., the rise in the degree of regional economic development will significantly increase the return on investment in education.
Research on high-precision interior decoration design visualization model based on BIM technology
Authors: Zhang Peng
Published: October 2024

Accompanied by the continuous improvement of living standards, people's requirements for housing have become higher and higher, and on the basis of meeting the basic needs of life, the artistry of interior decoration has become more and more important. After clarifying the workflow of building information technology modeling, the study builds a management platform based on BIM technology in the Revit environment to achieve high-precision decoration design. Subsequently, the Kinect sensor was used to obtain point cloud data of the interior decoration scene and combined with the improved ICP matching algorithm for visual 3D modeling of interior decoration to evaluate the effect of high-precision interior decoration design. The mean values of satisfaction for the presentation of interior decoration style in the top view were 5.524 and 22.45 for usability, and the mean values of satisfaction and suitability for the presentation of interior decoration color in the top view were 5.812 and 22.22, respectively. For the layout carrier, the mean values of satisfaction for the presentation of the top view were 5.905 and 22.62 for usability. The use of BIM technology in high-density interior design leads to better results.
Impact assessment of multilateral trade agreements on regional economic growth based on quantitative model optimization
Authors: Zhang Yanping , Wang Qiucheng
Published: October 2024

In the context of an increasingly complex international political and economic situation, major powers have promoted the formation of regional trade agreements of various forms and scope. The impact of MTAs on regional economic growth is explored in this topic, using the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEPA) as an illustration. Through mathematical modeling and quantitative assessment, a general equilibrium model of the impact of a multivariate trade agreement on regional economic development has been constructed. Different regions and industrial sectors related to the agreement are delineated, and different simulation scenarios are designed to assess the impact of MTAs on regional economic growth under different scenarios. The results show that the members and non-members of the MTA under different simulation scenarios are positively and negatively impacted to varying degrees, with Japan, Australia, and New Zealand among the RCEP members experiencing the most significant positive stimulus, with GDP growth of 3.95%, 2.89%, and 2.11%, respectively. Non-members had a negative impact on the scale of imports and exports and terms of trade, with the United States and India shrinking by 1.16% and 1.69%, respectively. Overall, the MTA contributes positively to the development of regional economic growth.
Research on Recommendation Methods for Scientific and Technological Information and Their Application in College Education - Based on Knowledge Graphs
Authors: Zhou Rui , Zhang Nan
Published: October 2024

In the current technology information recommendation system, the construction of the user behavior matrix frequently results in matrix sparsity and user cold start issues. To address this problem, TransAR-CF, a knowledge graph-based technology information recommendation method, is proposed, which mainly combines item similarity and semantic similarity to form a hybrid similarity matrix and then accomplishes the task of constructing a knowledge graph-based technology information recommendation model. The model is applied to a college education by constructing a college education service system, and the recommendation model and system experience are tested separately. The convergence speed of this paper’s model is higher than that of the CFKG model on both datasets A and B, and the difference between the two ranges from 0.02 to 0.12. According to the four dimensions of system design, learning support, evaluation design, and teaching effect, 70% to 90% of users have a positive attitude toward this paper’s system. In summary, the TransARCF method solves the problem of scientific and technological information that is difficult to adapt accurately but has high acceptance and good utility in college education.
Research and Practice of Intelligent Improvement Strategies for Teacher-Student Relationships Toward Educational Community
Authors: Lv Wei
Published: October 2024

A good teacher-student relationship is an important part of the educational community and a symbol of spiritual civilization. Effective teaching in the classroom requires even better communication and interactive actions between teachers and students, and measures to improve teacher-student relationships are proposed for the sake of classroom teaching. In this paper, an adaptive learning system based on cognitive diagnosis is constructed, which utilizes the DINA cognitive diagnosis model to obtain the learner’s cognitive structure, perceive the changes in the student’s cognitive structure in real time, and allow the learning task to make adaptive adjustments. The K-means clustering algorithm randomly selects the number of K objects as the center of mass for the initial clustering, and after the output of clustering and layering results, the students will be classified according to the categorization of the student’s learning needs. The students are divided into three groups that are similar within the group. By doing this, the learning task becomes adaptive, and appropriate learning tasks are adjusted for different levels of learners. Most of them believe that the adaptive learning system can help learners improve their learning efficiency and are very satisfied with the effectiveness of the system. The proportion of teachers who were satisfied with overall perception reached 89.1%, and the proportion of students who were satisfied was also high. The overall perceived effect of the improved teacher-student relationship is excellent, suggesting that the adaptive learning system can effectively improve the teacher-student relationship.
A Study of Cultural Output in the Translation of Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature Based on the Interpretive Structure Model
Authors: Wang Jingui
Published: October 2024

This paper examines in detail the Chinese cultural elements in contemporary Chinese literature, and analyzes the state of presentation and regional characteristics of Chinese cultural elements through data. A quantitative statistical method is used to examine the translation strategies adopted by the English translation of Red Sorghum for the cultural elements, and typical samples are selected and discussed in the light of translation theories. With the help of the explanatory structure model, the mutual influence relationship between the indicators of the cultural elements of the translation of Red Sorghum is analyzed, and a directed graph of the recursive structure of the indicator elements is constructed. According to the results, the translations of contemporary Chinese literature contain six different types of Chinese cultural elements, including character elements, object elements, landscape elements, conceptual elements, folklore elements, and other elements. The regions of East China (31.05%) and North China (26.11%) accounted for a larger proportion of the geographic regions. In the English translation of Red Sorghum, approximately 16%-35% of Chinese object elements were accurately translated. According to the explanatory structure model, the level of cultural output in the translation of Red Sorghum is directly influenced by object elements, landscape elements, conceptual elements, and folklore elements. The analysis process and results of this paper help promote research on the level of translated cultural output, which has certain theoretical reference significance and application value.
Comparative Study on the Impact of Human Factors on Operational Performance of Innovation Hubs
Authors: Vijayakumar Anandhu , Davidova Jelena
Published: October 2024

To fill a gap in current literature, this paper analyses the impact of human factors on the operational performance of innovation hubs in the SAARC Nations and the European Union. Upon conducting an extensive examination of academic literature, four primary classifications of human factors were determined: organizational factors, individual attributes, the nature of a task and working environment. This research offers a cross-sectional analysis of these factors and their implications on innovation centres in the culturally and economically diverse domain of SAARC Nations and the European Union. The findings suggest that organizations functioning in the context of Innovation hubs in SAARC Nations, where centralized authority and value correctness is mostly emphasised on, face challenges in order to foster employee engagement and creativity. However, the innovation hubs of the European Union receive treatment from a more flexible and tolerant approach which is backed by progressive technology and is incredibly sensitive to concerns touching on ergonomics and safety of the working environment. This research highlights High performing, High committing, and High involvement management, management techniques to manage human factors to enhance operation performance. Adaptive and individual approach to the management of human variables, based on the differences in cultural and economic conditions of each region, is essential for effective development of the innovative substance and competitive advantage, the paper states. The results obtained from this study offer important guidance for the policymakers, managers and practitioners who are involved in managing and creating innovation hubs. It has provided a framework of how the organisation’s operation performance may be improved through effective management of human resources.
Correlation Analysis of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Tailing Dumps Branch 1 and 2 Lupeni Using Pearson Coefficient Matrix
Authors: Ioniţă Mădălina-Flavia , Radu Sorin Mihai , Dunca Emilia-Cornelia
Published: October 2024

In the context of growing concerns related to the impact of mining activities on the environment, the present study focuses on the analysis of the correlations between the concentrations of heavy metals in Branch 1 and 2 tailing dumps in Lupeni, using Pearson correlation coefficient matrix. Tailing dumps from mining activity can be significant sources of soil contamination with heavy metals. In this work, the waste dumps Branch 1 and 2 were taken as a case study. This dump has been inactive for about 7 years and is the result of the exploitation of the waste from Lupeni mine located in the Jiu Valley. In this study, soil samples from the two branches of the tailing dump were collected and analyzed to determine heavy metal concentrations. Using Pearson correlation coefficient, statistical relationships between the concentrations of these heavy metals were calculated, providing a detailed matrix of correlations between them. This statistical analysis can help develop more effective remediation and management strategies, lessening the long-term impact of mining activities on the environment and human health.
Internal OSH Regulation of Working at Height by Using Utilitarian Climbing Techniques In Telecommunication Operations
Authors: Băbuţ Gabriel Bujor , Dărămuş Robert Alexandru , Moraru Roland Iosif , Popescu-Stelea Mihai
Published: October 2024

The modernization and expansion of telecommunications networks in Romania led to the explosive growth of the number of workers engaged in these activities. A determined role in the performance of these activities belongs to workers employed in the occupation of utility climber who face a risk with often fatal consequences, namely the risk of falling from a height. Carrying out work at height in safe and healthy conditions by using utilitarian climbing techniques in the field of telecommunications requires its internal regulation according to OSH, through the elaboration of OSH's own instructions. Unfortunately, the main operators in the field of telecommunications in Romania, who have the legal obligation to draw up these instructions, are currently facing multiple legislative and methodological gaps, as well as a lack of knowledge and information. In this context, this paper aims to contribute to the improvement of the safety and health of workers in the field of telecommunications in Romania, by elaborating a framework structure of the own OSH instructions for the activity of working at height by using utilitarian climbing techniques. The proposed framework structure is based on an exhaustive bibliographic documentation at the national level and has a modern and innovative character, while its content can be adapted to the particularities of the activities carried out by all operators in the field of telecommunications in Romania. With rigorous adaptations, its applicability can be successfully extended to all economic operators who carry out work activities at height by using utility climbing techniques.
Technical-Economic Protection of Small Modular Reactors (SMR) Considered Energy-Mining Objectives
Authors: Radu Sorin Mihai , Gâf-Deac Ioan , Burian Alexandru , Coandreş Ciprian , Flinker Alexandru , Ceuţă Simona , Bocşiţan Mariana Valentina , Danci Marius Daniel , Tashchi Eugene
Published: October 2024

Based on scientific research, it appears that for investments in complex energy-mining infrastructures (including the SMR Doicești-Dâmbovița), attention must be paid to the groups of variables belonging to weak points and threats. The main objective of the article is to combine the sub-strategies of the complex energy-mining infrastructures for protection, safety and security, respectively to obtain the appreciation of the level of positive situation on the scale of the coefficients of importance of the components of the researched complex. The approach in relation to the main objective also gives rise to the formulation of three secondary objectives, as follows: a) identification of probabilities and degree of risk assessment regarding protection, safety and security in complex energy-mining infrastructures and characterization of the consequences in the field; b) the application of the SWOT analysis and the TOPSIS Method for the researched objective, emphasizing the characteristics located between appropriate weights; c) highlighting the strategic values of the sub-strategies in relation to nuclear protection, safety and security, showing the decision-makers whether the investment in the energy-mining infrastructure is feasible, reliable and efficient. The paper reports technical protection considerations of the Small Modular Reactors (SMR) system, the list of nuclear hazards/events/incidents drawn up for SMR, technical aspects in the system of underground mining enterprises for the extraction of uranium ore. Also presented are the factors of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses systematized in the SWOT analysis for SMR, the possible algorithm and mathematical models of mining security, the characterization of sub-strategies of protection, safety and nuclear security in relation to the importance coefficients collected for the decision to mount and put into operation the SMR.
Association of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risk of mental disorders among healthcare personel
Authors: Pucel Sylwia , Sierakowska Matylda
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has left a physical and psychological mark on human beingsall around the world . Regardless of age, gender or social status, the burden of the pandemic and its eff ects are felt by the entire population. Depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant and risk factors the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection can vary, both in frequency and severity. In clinical practice, the severity of the disease is determined by using a four-grade scale, to which the patient’s treatment, care and rehabilitation are individually tailored . A separate issue of the aftermath of SARS-CoV-2 is the psychological eff ects on those at risk, patients and medical personnel. The widespread of the pandemic, the imposed restrictions and the continuing scale of the disease have negatively aff ected mental health, which cannot be underestimated. An important task is to implement prevention and recovery programs to counteract the long-term eff ects of the pandemic.

Aim. The aim of this study is to assess risk of depression, anxiety, stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among medical personnel associated with the SARS-COV-2 pandemic and pandemic threat.

Material and methods. The study included 133 medical professionals. A diagnostic survey was adopted as the method for the study using a self-administered questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale (IES-R). The data was collected online, using the Google Form application.

Results. The highest mean value in the evaluation of negative psychological states experienced while working under pandemic conditions was obtained in the stress category (M=7.8; SD±3.29), although only 8% of the respondents experienced it to a severe or extremely severe degree. When analyzing the severity of the study variables to a severe or extremely severe degree, anxiety was the most severe (15%). When it came to depression, 43% of medical professionals declared a moderate condition. 23% of respondents declared the presence of most of the symptoms characteristic of PTSD. The highest average value was obtained in the area of hyperarousal. The risk of developing symptoms of traumatic stress/posttraumatic stress disorder is not dependent on socio-demographic variables.

Conclusions. Within the examined areas concerning the occurrence of depressive, anxiety and stress disorders, stress was the most severe disorder. Personnel working periodically in direct contact with a COVID-19-infected patient were at the highest risk of developing PTSD in the future.
An Optimal Framework for the Effective Delivery of the Radiation to the target by Considering the Case of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Singh Pushpendra , Dewangan Naveen Kumar , Potdar Ravindra Manohar , Singh Seema , Mishra Alka , Mishra Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Delivering the required dose to the intended target while limiting the radiation’s impact on adjacent normal tissue is the principal goal of radiotherapy. One effective method for doing this is intensity-modulated radiotherapy, which operates on the idea of inverse planning. In order to transmit the fluence to the target efficiently while sparing the healthy cells, the objective of the research is to generate the ideal radiation dosage by first optimizing the fluence and then adjusting the trajectory of the leaf.

Materials and Methods: Fluence mapping is utilized in inverse planning to calculate each beam’s intensity level. Considering dose-volume limitations on the OARs, five evenly spaced beams expose the intended target for examination. The efficacy of the therapy regimens was measured using cumulative DVH. We have taken into account a number of PTVs and OARs acquired from the CORT dataset, which is accessible publicly for the benefit of researchers, to validate our approach.

Results: For the various target area and critical organs, we fixed the radiation levels at 82 Gy and 61 Gy across the PTV-70 and PTV-56, and similarly, the dose volumes of 52 Gy, 40 Gy, and 32 Gy across the Spinal Cord, Spinal Cord PRV, and Left and Right Parotid. Analysis of the data indicates that our approach generates the highest D95 dosage level possible across the target area for each PTV. Additionally, relative to other approaches employed in the literature, our approach’s duration for analysis (254.28 Seconds) is extremely low.

Conclusion: The suggested approach can produce global minima for IMRT planning with consistent quality across a range of treatment plans and effectively improve safety for substantial dual OARs.
Evaluation of the usefulness of small detectors made of Gafchromic EBT3 film for measurements in areas with high dose gradient and without charged-particle equilibrium (CPE)
Authors: Wołowiec Paweł , Kukołowicz Paweł Franciszek , Buliński Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Introduction: In some clinical cases a full therapeutic dose needs to be delivered in the area close to the skin surface where a high dose gradient and there no charged-particle equilibrium (CPE) exists. The accuracy of dose distribution calculations performed in this region with the treatment planning system is limited. In this work we investigated the usefulness of small pieces of Gafchromic EBT3 film for measurements of the absolute dose value in the area close to the skin surface.

Material and methods: The Gafchromic EBT3 film detectors of size 1.0 cm x 1.5 cm were prepared. The film samples were calibrated in 6 MV photon beam (Elekta Versa HD). Calibration was performed in a dose range of 0 – 250 cGy. Films were scanned using the EPSON EXPRESSION 10000 XL flatbed scanner in 48-bit RGB mode, with a resolution of 72 dpi. ImageJ software was used to calculate the dose. Triple-channel film dosimetry was applied. The uncertainty of the dose measurement method was estimated. Film measurements were compared with the dose measurements using ionization chamber. The conformity of measurements was assessed using the metrological compliance test.

Results: The relative differences between dose measurements using Gafchromic EBT3 film detectors and ionization chamber for a single square photon beam were -0.8% and 0.3% for a depth of 0.5 cm and 5.0 cm (CPE) respectively. The values of the metrological compatibility test factor ζ were 0.3 and 0.1 respectively. The maximum relative differences for dynamic beams were 0.9% and −1.0% for a depth of 0.5 cm and 5.0 cm respectively. Metrological compatibility test showed also good agreement (ζ=0.3).

Conclusions: Small film detectors made of Gafchromic EBT3 film allow for the accurate dose measurements in the high dose gradient region and without CPE. They can be used to validate the calculation of the treatment planning systems also for VMAT techniques.
Relation of JAK2 V617F allele burden and coronary calcium score in patients with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Drofenik Ajda , Blinc Ales , Bozic Mijovski Mojca , Pajic Tadej , Vrtovec Matjaz , Sever Matjaz
Published: October 2024

Background

JAK2 V617F (JAK2) mutation is associated with clonal hemopoiesis in myeloproliferative neoplasms as well as with faster progression of cardiovascular diseases. Little is known about the relationship between allele burden and the degree of atherosclerotic alteration of coronary vasculature. We previously reported that carotid artery stiffness progressed faster in patients with JAK2 positive essential thromocythemia (ET) patients. After a four-year follow-up we investigated whether mutation burden of a JAK2 allele correlates with a higher coronary calcium score.

Patients and methods

Thirty-six patients with JAK2 positive ET and 38 healthy matched control subjects were examined twice within four years. At each visit clinical baseline characteristics and laboratory testing were performed, JAK2 mutation burden was determined, and coronary calcium was measured.

Results

JAK2 allele burden decreased in 19 patients, did not change in 5 patients, and increased in 4 patients. The coronary calcium Agatston score increased slightly in both groups. Overall, there was no correlation between JAK2 allele burden and calcium burden of coronary arteries. However, in patients with the JAK2 mutation burden increase, the coronary calcium score increased as well.

Conclusions

The average JAK2 allele burden decreased in our patients with high-risk ET during the four-year period. However, in the small subgroup whose JAK2 mutation burden increased the Agatston coronary calcium score increased as well. This finding, which should be interpreted with caution and validated in a larger group, is in line with emerging evidence that JAK2 mutation accelerates atherosclerosis and can be regarded as a non-classical risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Analysis of early diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer in Slovenia
Authors: Kokot Mateja Kokalj , Mirosevic Spela , Bric Nika , Petek Davorina
Published: October 2024

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent male malignancy globally. Prolonged diagnostic intervals are associated with poorer outcomes, emphasizing the need to optimize this process. This study aimed to evaluate the doctor and primary care interval, research their impact on patient survival and explore opportunities to improve PCa diagnostic pathway in primary care.

Patients and methods

A retrospective cohort study using cancer patients' anonymised primary care data and data of the Slovenian Cancer Registry.

Results

The study found that the doctor interval had a median duration of 0 days (interquartile range ([IQR] 0–6) and primary care interval a median duration of 5 days (IQR 0–58). Longer intervals were observed in patients with more than two comorbidities, where general practitioners didn't have access to laboratory diagnostic tests within their primary health care centre and when patients first presented with symptoms (reported symptoms at first presentation: dysuria, lower urinary tract symptoms [LUTS], abdominal pain). The analysis also revealed a statistically significant association between lower 5-year survival rate and the accessibility of laboratory and ultrasound diagnostics in primary healthcare centres and a shorter 5-year survival of symptomatic patients in comparison to patients who were identified by elevated levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA).

Conclusions

This study shows that treating suspected PCa in primary care has a significant impact on 5-year survival. Several factors contribute to better survival, including easy access to laboratory and abdominal ultrasound in primary care centres. The study highlights the complex array of factors shaping PCa diagnosis, beyond individual clinicians' skills, encompassing test and service availability.
Parastomal hernia: an unsolved problem of herniology
Authors: Vlasov A. V. , Panyushkin A. V.
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION. The frequency of parastomal hernias reaches 58 % and occurs with any type of stoma.

The OBJECTIVE was to analyze the results of open retromuscular prosthetic repair of the abdominal wall with posterior separation of components in the treatment of parastomal hernias.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. Between 2019 and 2023, 11 patients with end colostomies and parastomal hernias were operated on. The median age of patients was 72 years. There were 10 women, 1 man. According to the classification of the European Society of Herniology (2014), the distribution was as follows: type I – there were no patients, type II – 1 patient, type III – 5 patients, type IV – 5 patients. One patient had a recurrent parastomal hernia. All patients underwent open retromuscular prosthetic repair of the abdominal wall with posterior separation of components and formation of a colostomy in the same place.

RESULTS. The treatment results were studied in 10 patients. There was fatal outcome in 1 patient with a type IV parastomal hernia due to infection with the development of necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis of the abdominal wall. In one case, necrosis of the colostomy occurred, which required laparoscopic mobilization and re-formation of the colostomy. Long-term results were monitored in 9 patients over a period of 1 to 4 years. Recurrence occurred in 4 patients: 1 patient with type III parastomal hernia and 5 patients with type IV (two patients had 2 relapses). With repeated relapses, in one case, there was a pinching of the section of the small intestine in the paracolostomy opening

CONCLUSION. The results of treatment of parastomal hernias in our clinic were largely disappointing. Some success can be noted only in the treatment of type III parastomal hernias.
Short-term results of surgical treatment of brachial artery injuries in patients with upper limb injury
Authors: Makar L. V. , Borodulin A. V. , Kolesnichenko A. Yu. , Kazarenko A. G. , Mokrushin K. S. , Abakarov G. Zh. , Shchukina O. M. , Chernyshev D. A. , Vladimirov P. А. , Vakhitov K. M. , Bedrov A. Ya.
Published: October 2024

The OBJECTIVE was to study the short-term results of surgical treatment of patients with brachial artery injury in peacetime upper limb injury.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. This study presents the short-term results of surgical treatment of 61 patients with brachial artery injury in peacetime upper limb injury. The study included 33 patients who were admitted to the City Hospital of St. Martyr Elizabeth in St. Petersburg from 2011 to 2022 and 28 patients who were admitted to Hospitals in the Leningrad Region from 2017 to 2022.

RESULTS. All 61 patients underwent emergency surgery: autovenous prosthetics of the brachial artery was performed in 46 patients, an end-to-end anastomosis was formed in 10 patients, and a lateral suture was applied to 5 patients. In the early postoperative period, there were 3 thrombosis of the reconstruction zone, 1 amputation of a limb, 1 fatal outcome from severe blood loss.

CONCLUSION. Upper limb injury with brachial artery injury without specialized assistance can lead to disability and even death of a patient, therefore requires emergency intervention by a vascular surgeon to stop bleeding, restore the main blood flow and stop limb ischemia.
Experience in using «anchor marks» for preoperative marking of small-diameter intra-pulmonary peripheral neoplasms
Authors: Dmitrochenko I. V. , Fufaev E. E. , Dzidzava I. I. , Yasyuchenya D. A. , Barinov O. V. , Popov V. A. , Kotiv B. A. , Safronova A. A.
Published: October 2024

The OBJECTIVE was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of preoperative transthoracic insertion of an «anchor mark» as a marker of a small intra-pulmonary pathological site for performing atypical videothoracoscopic resection (biopsy).

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 15 patients with solitary peripheral lung neoplasms of small diameter (8 [6; 10] mm). All neoplasms were located in the intermediate zone of the pulmonary parenchyma.

RESULTS. In 9 (60 %) patients, according to cito-biopsy data, tumor cells were detected in the studied preparation, which served as a reason for performing endovideosurgical anatomical lung resection – lobectomy, in 2 (13.3 %) patients, hamartoma was detected and, thus, atypical lung resection proved to be a sufficient volume of surgical intervention, in 4 (26.7 %) patients, areas of local pneumofibrosis were verified, which made it possible to complete surgery at the diagnostic stage. The average duration of marking of the pathological focus was 25 minutes, atypical videothoracoscopic lung resection was 30 minutes. There were no access conversions.

CONCLUSION. Preoperative transthoracic marking by means of the «anchor marks» system is a safe and highly effective navigation method for atypical resection (videothoracoscopic biopsy) of small-diameter lung neoplasms.
Urinary bladder leiomyoma
Authors: Popov S. V. , Orlov I. N. , Grin Y. A. , Agapova Y. A. , Al-Shukri A. S. , Maksimova A. V. , Konyushij V. S.
Published: October 2024

Urinary bladder leiomyoma is an extremely rare type of benign urinary bladder formation. So according to the literature, only 250 cases of pathology are known. The article presents a clinical case of a rare clinical observation of a benign tumor originating from the urinary bladder smooth muscle. Successful treatment is described.
Professor Valentin Alexandrovich Neverov (on the 80th anniversary of his birthday)
Authors: Ptashnikov D. A. , Dadalov M. I. , Chernyaev S. N. , Egorov K. S. , Andreev N. А.
Published: October 2024

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Professor Ilya Vasilyevich Buyalsky (1789–1866) (on the 235th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Kurygin Al. A. , Semenov V. V.
Published: October 2024

An outstanding anatomist and surgeon, scientist and teacher, talented artist, Privy Councilor, Honored Professor and Academician of the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy, Honorary Member of the Medical Council of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts, Doctor of Medicine and Surgery, Professor Ilya Vasilyevich Buyalsky was born on July 26 (August 6, new style), 1789 in the village of Vorobyovka, Novgorod-Seversky district, Chernigov province, in a family of noble origin. After graduating from the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy in 1814, I. V. Buyalsky received the position of prosector at the Department of Anatomy under the direction of Professor P. A. Zagorsky. In 1817, he was appointed associate Professor of Anatomy. In 1823, he presented a treatise «Some Circumstances Determining the Pathology and Therapy of Aneurysms» at the Academy conference and, after a public defense, he was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Medicine. At the same time, the detailed description and corresponding report at the conference on 210 complex surgical interventions he performed served as the basis for receiving the degree of Doctor of Surgery. In 1825, I. V. Buyalsky was elected extraordinary, and in 1831, ordinary Professor of the department of Anatomy of the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy (he headed the department from 1833 to 1844) and consultant of the Mariinsky Hospital (1831–1864). From 1833, he served as surgeon of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, and from 1835 – chief doctor of all cadet corps. Since 1829, I. V. Buyalsky was the head of the St. Petersburg Surgical Instrumental Plant, which produced various instruments for doctors. In 1828, I. V. Buyalsky published an outstanding work «Anatomical and surgical tables explaining the operations of ligation of large arteries», which became the first domestic atlas on topographic anatomy and operative surgery, combining educational and practical manuals. Later, two more volumes of the atlas were published, devoted to other topics of topographic anatomy and surgery (1835 and 1852). I. V. Buyalsky stood at the origins of teaching plastic anatomy in our country. Having a natural inclination towards fine arts, Ilya Vasilyevich became a Professor of Anatomy at the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1831, and in 1842, he was the first Russian physician to be elected its Academician. In 1837, he published a lithographic manual «Anatomy for Painters and Sculptors». I. V. Buyalsky is one of the founders of forensic medicine. Professor Ilya Vasilyevich Buyalsky died on December 8 (20 according to the new style), 1866 and was buried at the Bolsheohtinskoe Cemetery in St. Petersburg.
Immediate results of extrapleural thoracoplasty in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection
Authors: Yakovlev G. A. , Ionov P. M. , Alkaz D. V. , Elkin A. V. , Boyarkin G. M. , Basek T. S.
Published: October 2024

The OBJECTIVE was to study the features of intraoperative and postoperative periods as well as the immediate results of extrapleural thoracoplasty among patients with destructive tuberculosis in combination with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

METHODS AND MATERIALS. A retrospective analysis of the results of extrapleural thoracoplasty for destructive pulmonary tuberculosis was performed in 46 patients with HIV infection and in 44 patients with tuberculosis without HIV infection. The groups were comparable in age and gender composition. The following variables were analyzed: the duration of the operation, the volume of blood loss, the volume of loss through drainage, the duration of postoperative drainage, the severity of postoperative pain syndrome, intra- and postoperative complications.

RESULTS. We noted that, despite the longer tuberculosis duration, the frequency of bacterial excretion, the prevalence of extensive drug resistance (XDR), immune dysfunctions, high prevalence of drug addiction and chronic viral hepatitis, the results of extrapleural thoracoplasty in patients with HIV infection did not significantly differ from the results of patients without HIV infection operated for destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. Postoperative complications were few, temporary and treatable, and there was no postoperative mortality.

CONCLUSION. Extrapleural thoracoplasty in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection is not accompanied by severe, life-threatening complications. It also contributes to a significant reduction in destruction cavities in half of the operated patients. This operation does not make the course of HIV infection more difficult.
Treatment tactics for acute anterior cruciate ligament ruptures
Authors: Pupynin D. Yu. , Lychagin A. V. , Gritsyuk A. A.
Published: October 2024

The OBJECTIVE was to study the 5-year results of dynamic intraligamentous stabilization compared with early knee anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. We carried out the study and statistical analysis of the treatment of 72 patients (47 men and 25 women), average age 30.9±8.5 years (min. 18 max, 45 years), with injury duration from 3 to 21 days (aver-age – 10.6±5.0 days) with ACL injury, activity level on the Tegner scale before injury not lower than 5 (1–9), average value 5.8±0.9 points. In group I (39 patients), with arthroscopic diagnosis and detection of separation from the femur with preservation of the synovial membrane, DIS was performed; in group II (control. 33 patients), early ACL repair was performed.

RESULTS. Pain syndrome according to VAS after 12 months was 1.1±0.8 and 1.3±1.0 points (p=0.340). Patient satisfaction with the operation after 12 months in group I was 8.0±0.8 points, in group II – 7.4±0.8 (p=0.003). Tegner test at 12 months after surgery in group I was 6.5±0.9 points, in group II was 6.3±0.8 (p=0.014). Results on the Lysholm scale at 12 months: 91.1±2.2 and 88.6±3.5 points (p=0.001). During the dynamic study for 5 years, relapses of anteromedial instability of the knee joint were detected in 10 patients, which amounted to 13.9%, while in 4 patients in group I (10.3%), in group II in 6 patients (18.2%).

CONCLUSION. Dynamic intraligamentous stabilization, in comparison with early anterior cruciate ligament plastic, shows a more rapid recovery of the level of physical activity in the next year after surgery; and in the long-term period, in terms of the number of relapses of instability, the results are no worse, which may influence changes in the algorithm for choosing surgical treatment.
Cadaveric liver transplantation for fulminant liver failure
Authors: Dzidzava I. I. , Kotiv B. N. , Slobodyanik A. V. , Soldatov S. A. , Tileubergenov I. I. , Barinov O. V. , Apollonov A. A. , Vartikian E. R. , Gusarova P. А. , Pasichnik A. S.
Published: October 2024

Fulminant liver failure (FLF) is a life-threatening condition. The mortality rate among patients with developed fulminant liver failure reaches 70 %. Performing liver transplantation from a posthumous donor for fulminant liver failure, the mortality rate, according to various sources, reaches 25.4 – 38.1 %. Up to 25 % of patients with acute liver failure die on the cadaveric liver waiting list without receiving a transplant. In presented clinical case, a 16-year-old patient developed fulminant liver failure in the absence of chronic diseases. Despite the syndromic therapy, hepatic, kidney and cardiovascular failure progressed. The developed depression of consciousness and respiratory failure required the transfer of the patient to artificial ventilation. Coma and multiple organ failure were diagnosed. As a result of interdepartmental cooperation, the patient urgently underwent liver transplantation from a cadaveric donor. The postoperative period proceeded without complications. On the 36th day, the patient was discharged in satisfactory condition for the outpatient stage of treatment. To date, liver transplantation is the only effective and radical treatment for fulminant liver failure.