bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive map formation in the blind is enhanced by three-dimensional tactile information
Authors: Bleau Maxime , van Acker Camille , Martiniello Natalina , Nemargut Joseph Paul , Ptito Maurice
Published: June 2023

For blind individuals, tactile maps are useful tools to form cognitive maps through touch. However, they still experience challenges in cognitive map formation and independent navigation. Three-dimensional (3D) tactile information is thus increasingly being considered to convey enriched spatial information, but it remains unclear if it can facilitate cognitive map formation compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) tactile information. Consequently, the present study investigated the impact of the type of sensory input (tactile 2D vs. tactile 3D vs. a visual control condition) on cognitive map formation. To do so, early blind (EB, n = 13), late blind (LB, n = 12), and sighted control (SC, n = 14) participants were tasked to learn the layouts of mazes produced with different sensory information (tactile 2D vs. tactile 3D vs. visual control) and to infer routes from memory. Results show that EB manifested stronger cognitive map formation with 3D mazes, LB performed equally well with 2D and 3D tactile mazes, and SC manifested equivalent cognitive map formation with visual and 3D tactile mazes but were negatively impacted by 2D tactile mazes. 3D tactile maps therefore have the potential to improve spatial learning for EB and newly blind individuals through a reduction of cognitive overload. Installation of 3D tactile maps in public spaces should be considered to promote universal accessibility and reduce blind individuals’ wayfinding deficits related to the inaccessibility of spatial information through non-visual means.
Wavelength dependence of ultraviolet light inactivation for SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants
Authors: Fujimoto Nahoko , Nagaoka Katsuya , Tatsuno Ichiro , Oishi Hisashi , Tomita Makoto , Hasegawa Tadao , Tanaka Yasuhito , Matsumoto Takahiro
Published: June 2023

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation offers an effective and convenient method for the disinfection of pathogenic microorganisms. However, UV irradiation causes protein and/or DNA damage; therefore, further insight into the performance of different UV wavelengths and their applications is needed to reduce risks to the human body. In this paper, we determined the efficacy of UV inactivation of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.2 and BA.5 variants in a liquid suspension at various UV wavelengths by the 50% tissue culture infection dose (TCID50) method and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. The inactivation efficacy of 220 nm light, which is considered safe for the human body, was approximately the same as that of health hazardous 260 nm light for both BA.2 and BA.5. Based on the inactivation rate constants determined by the TCID50 and qPCR methods versus the UV wavelength, the action spectra were determined, and BA.2 and BA.5 showed almost the same spectra. This result suggests that both variants have the same UV inactivation characteristics.
The anxiolytic effects of preoperative administration of pregabalin in comparison to diazepam and placebo
Authors: Nimmaanrat Sasikaan , Charuenporn Benjalak , Jensen Mark P. , Geater Alan F. , Tanasansuttiporn Jutarat , Chanchayanon Thavat
Published: June 2023

We aimed to evaluate the potential anxiolytic effects of premedication with pregabalin, compared with diazepam and placebo. We conducted this non-inferiority, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in ASA classification I-II patients aged 18–70 years, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. They were allocated to receive pregabalin (75 mg the night before surgery and 150 mg 2 h before surgery), diazepam (5 and 10 mg in the same manner) or placebo. Preoperative anxiety was evaluated using verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) before and after premedication. Sleep quality, sedation level, and adverse effects were assessed as secondary outcomes. A total of 231 patients were screened and 224 completed the trial. The mean change (95%CI) in anxiety scores from before to after medication in pregabalin, diazepam, and placebo groups for VNRS were − 0.87 (− 1.43, − 0.30), − 1.17 (− 1.74, − 0.60), and − 0.99 (− 1.56, − 0.41), and for APAIS were − 0.38 (− 1.04, 0.28), − 0.83 (− 1.49, − 0.16), and − 0.27 (− 0.95, 0.40). The difference in change for pregabalin versus diazepam was 0.30 (− 0.50, 1.11) for VNRS and 0.45 (− 0.49, 1.38) for APAIS, exceeding the limit of inferiority for APAIS of 1.3. Sleep quality was statistically different between pregabalin and placebo groups (p = 0.048). Sedation in pregabalin and diazepam groups were significantly higher than placebo group (p = 0.008). No significant differences of other side effects, except dry mouth was higher in placebo group compared with diazepam (p = 0.006). The study filed to provide evidence at non-inferiority of pregabalin compared to diazepam. Furthermore, premedication with either pregabalin or diazepam did not significantly reduce the preoperative anxiety in comparison to placebo, despite the fact that both resulted in higher levels of sedation. Clinicians should weigh the benefits and risks of premedication with these 2 drugs.

Thai Clinical Trials Registry: TCTR20190424001 (24/04/2019) Registry URL: https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/.
Rejection of Lepeophtheirus salmonis driven in part by chitin sensing is not impacted by seawater acclimitization in Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
Authors: Braden Laura M. , Michaud Dylan , Groman David , Byrne Phil , Hori Tiago S. , Fast Mark D.
Published: June 2023

There is tremendous variation in life-history strategies among anadromous salmonids. Species that enter the ocean environment at small sizes (< 20 g) are likely under more physiological pressure from pathogens; however, little data is available on responses at these early stages. With this in mind, we performed salmon louse challenges with Coho salmon either immediately after seawater entry (SW; ca. 10 g) or after 30 days in SW (ca. 20 g). Irrespective of size or time in SW, parasites were rapidly rejected by the host, with > 90% of all parasites lost by 16 days post-infection (dpi). Rejection was concomitant with host epithelial granulomatous infiltrations that initially targeted the embedded frontal filament (4 dpi) and the entire parasite by 10 dpi. Illumina sequencing, followed by functional enrichment analysis, revealed a concerted defense response in the fin within 1 dpi that included multiple innate and adaptive immunity components. Strikingly, early indications of an allergic-type inflammatory response were associated with chitin sensing pathways orchestrated by early overexpression of the IgE-receptor, fcer1g. Additionally, there was profound overexpression of several classes of c-type lectin receptors, including dectin-2, mincle, and dc-sign at 1 dpi onward. These profiles and upregulation of cellular effector markers were corroborated by histopathological evaluation, revealing the simultaneous presence of mast cell/eosinophilic granular cells, sacciform cells, macrophages/histiocytes, and granulocytes in fin. At 10 dpi and concurrent with parasite expulsion, there was evidence of immunoregulation in addition to tissue remodelling pathways. At 16 dpi, the response was effectively abrogated. Simultaneous profiling of the parasite transcriptome revealed early induction of chitin metabolism and immunomodulation, toxin production and ECM degradation; however, after 7 dpi, these were replaced with overexpression of stress and immune defense genes. These data present the first evidence for Coho salmon demonstrating chitin- and sugar moiety-sensing as key drivers of salmon louse rejection.
Characterization, sources, and risk assessment of PAHs in borehole water from the vicinity of an unlined dumpsite in Awka, Nigeria
Authors: Aralu Chiedozie Chukwuemeka , Okoye Patrice-Anthony C. , Abugu Hillary O. , Eboagu Nkiruka C. , Eze Victor Chukwuemeka
Published: June 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants of interest in the ecosystem due to associated health risks. Therefore, their detection in the environment is important. In this regard, the risk assessment of PAHs in borehole water near the unlined dumpsite in Anambra State was investigated. Samples of borehole water (16 each) were collected from the study and control areas during both seasons. The PAH concentrations in the borehole water samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. The mean PAH concentration in the study and control samples for the wet season varied from BL–7.65 µg/L to BL–2.98 µg/L, respectively. The study samples' dry season values ranged from BL to 3.33 µg/L, while control samples ranged from BL to 1.87 µg/L. $$\sum$$
∑
PAHs for the wet and dry seasons varied from 5.8 to 13.94 µg/L and 4.25 to 10.09 µg/L for study and control samples, respectively. The four and five rings PAH were the most dominant group in the $$\sum$$
∑
PAHs for the study and control samples, respectively. Diagnostic ratios suggested pyrolytic and petrogenic sources for both locations. The cluster analysis showed different sources of the congeners in the samples. The non-carcinogenic risk showed no possibility of risks via dermal and ingestion routes. In addition, the possibility of cancer risks via ingestion routes was doubtful. The carcinogenic risk index through dermal contact exceeded the acceptable limit for adults and is at a tolerable limit for children, indicating potential threats to humans, with adults more susceptible to cancer risks. Therefore, this study recommends that sanitary dumpsites be constructed for waste disposal and implementation of environmental laws to prevent underground water pollution and the environment.
Extreme climatic events to intensify over the Lake Victoria Basin under global warming
Authors: Ogega Obed M. , Scoccimarro Enrico , Misiani Herbert , Mbugua James
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an analysis of future precipitation patterns over the Lake Victoria Basin, East Africa, using bias-corrected CMIP6 model projections. A mean increase of about 5% in mean annual (ANN) and seasonal [March–May (MAM), June–August (JJA), and October–December (OND)] precipitation climatology is expected over the domain by mid-century (2040–2069). The changes intensify towards the end of the century (2070–2099) with an increase in mean precipitation of about 16% (ANN), 10% (MAM), and 18% (OND) expected, relative to the 1985–2014 baseline period. Additionally, the mean daily precipitation intensity (SDII), the maximum 5-day precipitation values (RX5Day), and the heavy precipitation events—represented by the width of the right tail distribution of precipitation (99p–90p)—show an increase of 16%, 29%, and 47%, respectively, by the end of the century. The projected changes have a substantial implication for the region—which is already experiencing conflicts over water and water-related resources.
Social dimensions impact individual sleep quantity and quality
Authors: Park Sungkyu , Zhunis Assem , Constantinides Marios , Aiello Luca Maria , Quercia Daniele , Cha Meeyoung
Published: June 2023

While sleep positively impacts well-being, health, and productivity, the effects of societal factors on sleep remain underexplored. Here we analyze the sleep of 30,082 individuals across 11 countries using 52 million activity records from wearable devices. Our data are consistent with past studies of gender and age-associated sleep characteristics. However, our analysis of wearable device data uncovers differences in recorded vs. self-reported bedtime and sleep duration. The dataset allowed us to study how country-specific metrics such as GDP and cultural indices relate to sleep in groups and individuals. Our analysis indicates that diverse sleep metrics can be represented by two dimensions: sleep quantity and quality. We find that 55% of the variation in sleep quality, and 63% in sleep quantity, are explained by societal factors. Within a societal boundary, individual sleep experience was modified by factors like exercise. Increased exercise or daily steps were associated with better sleep quality (for example, faster sleep onset and less time awake in bed), especially in countries like the U.S. and Finland. Understanding how social norms relate to sleep will help create strategies and policies that enhance the positive impacts of sleep on health, such as productivity and well-being.
Zinc oxide nanostructures enhanced photoluminescence by carbon-black nanoparticles in Moiré heterostructures
Authors: Wang Chih-Chiang , Lo An-Ya , Cheng Ming-Che , Chang Yu-Sung , Shih Han-Chang , Shieu Fuh-Sheng , Tsai He-Ting
Published: June 2023

ZnO/carbon-black heterostructures were synthesized using a sol–gel method and crystallized by annealing at 500 °C under 2 × 10−2 Torr for 10 min. The crystal structures and binding vibration modes were determined by XRD, HRTEM, and Raman spectrometry. Their surface morphologies were observed by FESEM. The Moiré pattern that is observed in the HRTEM images confirms that the carbon-black nanoparticles were covered by the ZnO crystals. Measurements of optical absorptance revealed that the optical band gap of the ZnO/carbon-black heterostructures increased from 2.33 to 2.98 eV as the carbon-black nanoparticle content increases from 0 to 8.33 × 10−3 mol owing to the Burstein–Moss effect. The photoluminescence intensities at the near-band edge and of the violet, and blue light were increased by factors about 68.3, 62.8, and 56.8, respectively, when the carbon-black contents is of the 2.03 × 10−3 mol. This work reveals that the proper carbon-black nanoparticle content involved increases the PL intensities of the ZnO crystals in the short wavelength regime, supporting their potential application in the light-emitting devices.
Diagnostic ability of deep learning in detection of pancreatic tumour
Authors: Dinesh M. G. , Bacanin Nebojsa , Askar S. S. , Abouhawwash Mohamed
Published: June 2023

Pancreatic cancer is associated with higher mortality rates due to insufficient diagnosis techniques, often diagnosed at an advanced stage when effective treatment is no longer possible. Therefore, automated systems that can detect cancer early are crucial to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes. In the medical field, several algorithms have been put into use. Valid and interpretable data are essential for effective diagnosis and therapy. There is much room for cutting-edge computer systems to develop. The main objective of this research is to predict pancreatic cancer early using deep learning and metaheuristic techniques. This research aims to create a deep learning and metaheuristic techniques-based system to predict pancreatic cancer early by analyzing medical imaging data, mainly CT scans, and identifying vital features and cancerous growths in the pancreas using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and YOLO model-based CNN (YCNN) models. Once diagnosed, the disease cannot be effectively treated, and its progression is unpredictable. That's why there's been a push in recent years to implement fully automated systems that can sense cancer at a prior stage and improve diagnosis and treatment. The paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the novel YCNN approach compared to other modern methods in predicting pancreatic cancer. To predict the vital features from the CT scan and the proportion of cancer feasts in the pancreas using the threshold parameters booked as markers. This paper employs a deep learning approach called a Convolutional Neural network (CNN) model to predict pancreatic cancer images. In addition, we use the YOLO model-based CNN (YCNN) to aid in the categorization process. Both biomarkers and CT image dataset is used for testing. The YCNN method was shown to perform well by a cent percent of accuracy compared to other modern techniques in a thorough review of comparative findings.
Multiscale characterization and contact performance analysis of machining surfaces
Authors: Li Ling , Zhang Wang , Wang Jingjing , Ruan Xiaoguang , Li Lixia , Xie Miaoxia
Published: June 2023

Accurately characterizing the surface topography of parts is crucial to improve the surface measurement accuracy and analyze the surface contact performance. A method is proposed to separate the morphological characteristics of the actual machined surface based on the layer-by-layer error reconstruction method and the signal-to-noise ratio method during the wavelet transform process, so as to evaluate the contact performance of the different joint surfaces. First, the actual machined surface morphological features are separated by using the wavelet transform method, the layer-by-layer error reconstruction method, and the signal-to-noise ratio method. Second, the reconstructed three-dimensional surface contact model is established by the reverse modeling engineering method. Third, the finite element method is used to analyze the impact of processing methods and surface roughness on contact surface parameters. The result demonstrates that the simplified and efficient three-dimensional reconstructed surface is achieved based on the real machining surface in contrast to other existing approaches. The surface roughness has a more significant influence on contact performance. The contact deformation increases with the increase of surface roughness, while the curves of average contact stress, contact stiffness, and contact area have the opposite trend.
Large global variations in the carbon dioxide removal potential of seaweed farming due to biophysical constraints
Authors: Arzeno-Soltero Isabella B. , Saenz Benjamin T. , Frieder Christina A. , Long Matthew C. , DeAngelo Julianne , Davis Steven J. , Davis Kristen A.
Published: June 2023

Estimates suggest that over 4 gigatons per year of carbon dioxide (Gt-CO2 year−1) be removed from the atmosphere by 2050 to meet international climate goals. One strategy for carbon dioxide removal is seaweed farming; however its global potential remains highly uncertain. Here, we apply a dynamic seaweed growth model that includes growth-limiting mechanisms, such as nitrate supply, to estimate the global potential yield of four types of seaweed. We estimate that harvesting 1 Gt year−1 of seaweed carbon would require farming over 1 million km2 of the most productive exclusive economic zones, located in the equatorial Pacific; the cultivation area would need to be tripled to attain an additional 1 Gt year−1 of harvested carbon, indicating dramatic reductions in carbon harvest efficiency beyond the most productive waters. Improving the accuracy of annual harvest yield estimates requires better understanding of biophysical constraints such as seaweed loss rates (e.g., infestation, disease, grazing, wave erosion).
A marine origin of coal balls in the Midland and Illinois basins, USA
Authors: Chrpa Michelle E. , Raymond Anne , Lamb William M. , Laya Juan-Carlos
Published: June 2023

Coal balls are carbonate concretions that preserve peat in cellular detail. Despite their importance to paleobotany, the salinity of coal-ball peat remains controversial. Pennsylvanian coal balls from the Midland and Illinois basins contain echinoderms and early high-magnesium calcite cement. Echinoderm skeletons reflect the Mg/Ca ratio of the seawater in which they grew. Here we show that well-preserved echinoderms in coal balls and North American Pennsylvanian marine facies have similar average mole % MgCO3; 10.2–12.3 and 9.9–12.5 respectively. Coal-ball echinoderms reflect the magnesium content of the adjacent epicontinental seawater. Early high-magnesium calcite cement in coal balls has the same, or more magnesium than echinoderms from the same deposit, and high Sr/Ca and Na/Ca, consistent with formation in marine or brackish water. Subsequent coal-ball cement is low-magnesium calcite, suggesting freshwater diagenesis and cementation followed formation of marine high-magnesium calcite. Coal balls likely formed in the marine-freshwater mixing zone.
Ratiometric colorimetric detection of fluoride ions using a schiff base sensor: enhancing selectivity and sensitivity for naked-eye analysis
Authors: Mahishi Anusha A. , Shet Sachin M. , Mane Padmaja V. , Yu Jingxian , Sowriraajan A. Ve. , Kigga Madhuprasad , Bhat Mahesh P. , Lee Kyeong-Hwan , Kurkuri Mahaveer D.
Published: June 2023

A Schiff base receptor with an active –NH group was designed and synthesized for the selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of inorganic fluoride (F−) ions in an aqueous medium.
Risk assessment of trace metals in sunblock creams using DABCOnium-based ionic liquid–functionalized magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Hedayatafza Sahar , Aberoomand Azar Parviz , Sahebi Hamed
Published: June 2023

In the present study, we synthesized DABCOnium-based-Brønsted acidic ionic liquid–functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@(SU-DBC) NPs).
In situreconstructed AgZn3nanoparticles supported on zinc nanoplates for efficient CO2electroreduction to tunable syngas
Authors: Xu Yanrui , Liu Wangjian , Xu Zihang , Zhou Yitong , Yu Xin-Yao
Published: June 2023

Thein situreconstructed AgZn3nanoparticles on Zn nanoplates enable efficient CO2electroreduction to syngas with tunable H2/CO ratios.
Carboamination and olefination: ortho C–H functionalization of phenoxyacetamide
Authors: Nanda Tanmayee , Dhal Shubham Kumar , Das Adhikari Gopal Krushna , Prusty Namrata , Ravikumar Ponneri C.
Published: June 2023

A rhodium-catalyzed carboamination of olefin with the retention of double bond has been demonstrated. A deacylative carboamination of the maleimide has been achieved. In addition to carboamination, we have also disclosed ortho C–H olefination of phenoxyacetamides.
Changes in piezochromic luminescence of a charge transfer complex subjected to grinding and isotropic compression
Authors: Wang Shuai , Xiang Wenxin , Pan Chen , Chen Jinqiu , Li Wenju , Zhang Jing , Zhao Jianfeng , Liu Guangfeng
Published: June 2023

A charge transfer complex cocrystal showing piezochromic luminescent tuning behavior to grinding and isotropic compression was reported.
pH dependence of the assembly mechanism and properties of poly(l-lysine) and poly(l-glutamic acid) complexes
Authors: Kastinen Tuuva , Lupa Dawid , Bonarek Piotr , Fedorov Dmitrii , Morga Maria , Linder Markus B. , Lutkenhaus Jodie L. , Batys Piotr , Sammalkorpi Maria
Published: June 2023

Experiments and molecular dynamics simulations show that pH is a way to control the poly(l-lysine)/poly(l-glutamic acid) complexation. The associated changes in the charge and secondary structure can be used to control materials assembly.
Membrane electrode assembly design for lithium-mediated electrochemical nitrogen reduction
Authors: Cai Xiyang , Shadike Zulipiya , Cai Xinyin , Li Xingdian , Luo Liuxuan , An Lu , Yin Jiewei , Wei Guanghua , Yang Fan , Shen Shuiyun , Zhang Junliang
Published: June 2023

A feasible membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configuration is proposed for lithium-mediated electrochemical nitrogen reduction to ammonia, which shows the advantages of efficient gas transfer, reduced solvent consumption and compact configuration.
Insights into high-entropy material synthesis dynamics criteria based on a thermodynamic framework
Authors: Meng Zeshuo , Xu Zijin , Tian Hongwei , Zheng Weitao
Published: June 2023

Based on the overall thermodynamic formation criterion of high entropy materials, this paper explores the synthesis dynamics and the influence of different kinetic rates on the final products, filling the gap in the thermodynamic criteria limitations.
Alkyl-C60 liquid electrets as deformable mechanoelectric generators
Authors: Gupta Ravindra Kumar , Yoshida Manabu , Saeki Akinori , Guo Zhenfeng , Nakanishi Takashi
Published: June 2023

C60 moiety is shielded and liquefied by bulky yet flexible branched alkyl chains as excellent charge-holding liquid electrets enabling us to create mechanoelectric generators with ultimate deformability such as folding, twisting, and rolling.
The effect of electrochemically active element species on the stability of the layered cathode–sulfide electrolyte interface
Authors: Sun Yiming , Li Senhao , Yang Kai , Ma Yue , Zhang Hongzhou , Song Dawei , Wang Yi , Li Chunliang , Wang Defa , Zhang Lianqi
Published: June 2023

Illustration of the interfacial reaction between LiNixCo1−xO2 with different Ni/Co proportion and LSPSC in ASSLB.
Photodegradation of methylene blue using CexZryO2 nanocomposites prepared via a non-stoichiometry method
Authors: Chen Xingmin , Li Peishen , Gao Shuai , Sun Mingming , Wang Qiang , Liu Wen , Zhan Sihui
Published: June 2023

The effective degradation of organic dye pollutants in water is a research hotspot at present.
Effect of an ambient environment on light-induced degradation of organic solar cells based on a benzodithiophene–quinoxaline copolymer in air
Authors: Gebremariam Kidan G. , Hone Fikadu G. , Dai Jane , Mola Genene T. , Mammo Wendimagegn , Tegegne Newayemedhin A.
Published: June 2023

Degradation of polymer molecules is one of the main factors that reduces the lifetime of thin film organic solar cells.
Boosting the photocatalytic activity of ZnIn2S4-based photocatalyst for H2 evolution using porous ZnWO4 nanoflakelets as a cocatalyst
Authors: Dong Fengchun , Liu Hui , Qin Lixia , Zhang Taiyang , Li Xiangqing , Kang Shi-Zhao
Published: June 2023

ZnIn2S4 is a promising photocatalyst. If a porous cocatalyst is embedded in ZnIn2S4, its photocatalytic activity would be enhanced more efficiently.
A 3D surface nanomechanical property mapping method with a magnetic-drive orthogonal cantilever probe
Authors: Geng Junyuan , Zhang Hao , Meng Xianghe , Xie Hui
Published: June 2023

Three-dimensional force–distance curve-based atomic force microscopy with a magnetic-drive orthogonal cantilever probe for the mapping of nanomechanical properties of 3D micro–nano devices.
Flame retardant phosphonate-functionalised polyethylenes
Authors: Blake Nichabhat , Turner Zoë R. , Buffet Jean-Charles , O'Hare Dermot
Published: June 2023

Non-halogenated “all-in-one” flame retardant HDPE.
α-Alkylidene δ-lactones inhibit quorum sensing phenotypes inChromobacteriumstrain CV026 showing interaction with the CviR receptor
Authors: Favero Fernanda , Tolentino Terezinha Alves , Fernandes Vinicius , Treptow Werner , Pereira Alex Leite , Lira Machado Angelo Henrique
Published: June 2023

α-Alkylidene δ-lactones are novel modulators of QS at the transcriptional level in CV026. Blind docking calculations found the best inhibitor interacting with CViR AIBD by a molecular binding mechanism distinct from classic AHL-based inhibitors.
Utilization of 2-nitrophenols in annulations with aryl isothiocyanates towards the synthesis of 2-aminobenzoxazoles
Authors: Nguyen Thanh D. , Tran Danh T. , Huynh Tan N. , Ly Thang M. , Nguyen Tung T.
Published: June 2023

A general method to afford 2-aminobenzoxazoles by the annulation of 2-nitrophenols with aryl isothiocyanates is firstly reported. The tolerance of an array of useful functionalities is observed.
Fluorescence probes for lung carcinoma diagnosis and clinical application
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Yu Feifei , Wang Zhenkai , Jiang Tongmeng , Song Xinyu , Yu Fabiao
Published: June 2023

This review provides an overview of the most recent developments in fluorescence probe technology for the accurate detection and clinical therapy of lung carcinoma.
An exfoliated redox active imide covalent organic framework for metal free hydrogen gas sensing
Authors: Thokala Nany , Vankayala Kiran , Gaonkar Asmita Dileep , Periyasamy Ganga , Fazl-Ur-Rahman Kashifa , Valle Krishnaveni , DMello Marilyn Esclance , Basavaiah Keloth , Kalidindi Suresh Babu
Published: June 2023

An exfoliated NT COF exhibited superior hydrogen sensing performance owing to the charge transfer interactions between the linker of the framework and hydrogen.
Ruthenium–rhenium and ruthenium–palladium supramolecular photocatalysts for photoelectrocatalytic CO2 and H+ reduction
Authors: Karlsson Joshua K. G. , Cerpentier Florian J. R. , Lalrempuia Ralte , Appleby Martin V. , Shipp James D. , Chekulaev Dimitri , Woodford Owen , Weinstein Julia A. , Pryce Mary T. , Gibson Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2023

Photoelectrocatalysis offers the opportunity to close the carbon loop and convert captured CO2 back into useful fuels and feedstocks, mitigating against anthropogenic climate change.
High performance Zn anodes enabled by a multifunctional biopolymeric protective layer for a dendrite-free aqueous zinc-based battery
Authors: Kang Lingzhi , Zheng Jiale , Yuan Huadong , Luo Jianmin , Wang Yao , Liu Yujing , Nai Jianwei , Tao Xinyong
Published: June 2023

We design a multifunctional biopolymeric protective layer composed of chitosan and gelatin. It acts as a desolvation layer to hinder the water-induced side reaction and works as a zinc-ion flux regulator to inhibit the growth of dendrites.
Biodegradable composites of poly(propylene carbonate) mixed with silicon nitride for osteogenic activity of adipose-derived stem cells and repair of bone defects
Authors: Zhang Haochen , Wei Qiang , Ji Ruijuan , Xie En , Sun Aijun , Xiao Bing , Huang Chao , Ma Susu , Wei Jie , Yang Xiangqun , Xu Shuogui , Niu Yunfei
Published: June 2023

The addition of SiN to PPC could promote osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs and accelerate the healing of cranial bone defects of rats. A greater content of SiN may exert a positive effect on osteogenesis.
Preparation of Janus fluorescent probe based on an asymmetrical silica and its application in glucose and alpha-fetoprotein detection
Authors: Wan Wei , Ren Xiangling , Tan Junrui , Tan Longfei , Fu Changhui , Wu Qiong , Chen Zengzhen , Ren Jun , Huang Zhongbing , Meng Xianwei
Published: June 2023

A Janus SiO2 was synthesized by growing dendritic silica on half of a spherical SiO2. The Janus fluorescent probe was constructed by loading GOx and Au NCs and coupling with antibodies to provide a platform for glucose and AFP detection.
Spezialisierte Behandlung von Darmkrebs in zertifizierten
Krebszentren: Müssen Patient*innen wirklich weitere Wege auf
sich nehmen?
Authors: Berger Elke , Reichebner Christoph , Eriksen Astrid , Hildebrandt Meik , Kuklinski David , Busse Reinhard
Published: June 2023

Einleitung Der deutschen Krankenhauslandschaft mangelt es an einer
gezielten Versorgungssteuerung, was u. a. an der unzureichenden Nutzung
von durch die Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) zertifizierten Krebszentren zu
erkennen ist. So werden allzu viele Patient*innen außerhalb von
Krebszentren und damit schlechter behandelt. Um dem zu begegnen, könnte
die Behandlung in Anlehnung an Dänemark auf spezialisierte
Krankenhäuser begrenzt werden und die vorliegende Studie ermittelt die
Auswirkungen auf die Fahrzeiten von Patient*innen am Beispiel des
kolorektalen Karzinoms.

Methoden Die Analysen für das Jahr 2018 basieren auf Daten der
strukturierten Qualitätsberichte (sQB) und von bei der AOK versicherten
Patient*innen, bei denen eine Resektion des Kolons oder Rektums erfolgt
ist. Darüber hinaus wurden Angaben der DKG bezüglich einer
vorhandenen Zertifizierung eines Darmkrebszentrums genutzt. Die Fahrzeit wurde
definiert als Zeit, die Patient*innen mit einem durchschnittlichen PKW
bei durchschnittlichem Verkehr vom Mittelpunkt der Postleitzahl (PLZ) ihres
Wohnorts zu den Koordinaten des Krankenhauses benötigen. Die Koordinaten
der Krankenhäuser und die Mittelpunkte der PLZ wurden über eine
Abfrage der Google API ermittelt. Die Berechnung der Fahrtzeiten wiederum
erfolgte unter Zuhilfenahme eines lokalen Open Routing Machine Servers.
Für die statistischen Analysen und kartographischen Darstellungen wurden
die Statistikprogramme R und Stata verwendet.

Ergebnisse In 2018 wurde fast die Hälfte aller
Patient*innen mit Kolonkarzinom im nächstgelegenen Krankenhaus
behandelt, wobei davon ca. 40% in einem zertifizierten Darmkrebszentrum
behandelt wurden. Insgesamt fanden nur ca. 47% aller Behandlungen in
einem zertifizierten Darmkrebszentrum statt. Die Fahrtzeit zum gewählten
Behandlungsort lag insgesamt bei durchschnittlich 20 Minuten. Sie war etwas
geringer (18 Minuten), wenn kein zertifiziertes Zentrum gewählt wurde,
und etwas länger (21 Minuten) für diejenigen, deren Behandlung
in einem zertifizierten Darmkrebszentrum stattfand. Die Modellierungen von
Umverteilungen aller Patient*innen nur zu zertifizierten Zentren ergab
eine durchschnittliche Fahrtzeit von 29 Minuten.

Schlussfolgerung Bei einer Steuerung der Behandlung hin zu spezialisierten
Krankenhäusern wäre eine wohnortnahe Behandlung weiterhin
gewährleistet. Unabhängig von einer Zertifizierung lassen sich
besonders in Ballungsgebieten Parallelstrukturen erkennen, die auf ein
Umstrukturierungspotential hinweisen.
Repairing the Nose after Failed Minimally Invasive Procedures
Authors: Eng James , Sivam Sunthosh Kumar
Published: June 2023

Minimally invasive nasal procedures can be aimed at treating both functional and cosmetic problems. These procedures include lateral nasal wall implants, dermal fillers, thread lifting, and radiofrequency ablation. Though increasingly popular, nasal surgeons have limited data to draw from when faced with operating in a nose that has been altered by these techniques. In this article, best practice recommendations are described based on the available data for each of the techniques.
Communal Poverty Is a Significant Risk Factor for Neonatal Seizures
Authors: Tanous Osama , Haj-Yahya Kholoud T. , Ershead Angie , Lerner Liat
Published: June 2023

Introduction Neonatal seizures (NS) are a severe condition with significant mortality and long-term morbidity. This study aims to identify risk factors for NS in a racially or ethnically diverse population in Israel.

Methods This is a case–control study. The cases were all newborns born between 2001 and 2019 at Emek Medical Center in Israel and admitted with NS. Two healthy controls born in the same period were matched for each case. Demographic, maternal, and neonatal variables were abstracted from the electronic medical files.

Results A total of 139 cases were matched with 278 controls. Residing in a town with lower socioeconomic status (SES), primiparity and abnormal prenatal ultrasound were significantly associated with NS. Prematurity, assisted delivery, a lower birthweight, being small for gestational age, and lower Apgar score were also associated with NS. In two different multivariable regression models, lower SES (odds ratio [OR] = 4.07) and Arab race/ethnicity (OR = 2.66) were risk factors for NS. Other significant risk factors in the multivariable regression models included an assisted mode of delivery (OR = 2.33), prematurity (OR = 2.27), and a 5-minute Apgar score below 7 (OR = 54.1).

Discussion Communal poverty, as reflected by lower SES of towns of residence, was found to be a stronger risk factor than race or ethnicity, for NS. More studies should focus on social class, as a risk factor for maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. As SES is a modifiable variable every effort should be invested in fighting communal poverty and improving the SES of impoverished towns and population.
The interplay between internal communication, employee engagement, job satisfaction, and employee loyalty in higher education institutions in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Cao Minh Anh , Ha Minh-Tri
Published: June 2023

The present study examines the roles of internal communication (IC), job engagement (JE), organisation engagement (OE) and job satisfaction (JS) in producing employee loyalty (EL) based on the social exchange theory. This study employed an online questionnaire-based survey design to collect data from 255 respondents from higher education institutions (HEIs) in Binh Duong province using convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Data analyses and hypothesis testing were carried out using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings show that all relationships are significantly validated, except for the JE-JS relationship. Our work is the first to investigate employee loyalty in the HEI context of an emerging economy such as Vietnam by incorporating internal communication, employee engagement (including job and organisation engagement) and job satisfaction to develop and validate a research model for the study. This study is expected to contribute to the theory and advance our understanding of different mechanisms that job engagement, organisation engagement and job satisfaction can play in the relationship between internal communication and employee loyalty.
Swinging between shine and shadow: Theoretical advances on thermally activated vibropolaritonic chemistry
Authors: Campos-Gonzalez-Angulo J. A. , Poh Y. R. , Du M. , Yuen-Zhou J.
Published: June 2023

Polariton chemistry has emerged as an appealing branch of synthetic chemistry that promises mode selectivity and a cleaner approach to kinetic control. Of particular interest are the numerous experiments in which reactivity has been modified by virtue of performing the reaction inside infrared optical microcavities in the absence of optical pumping; this effort is known as “vibropolaritonic chemistry.” The optimal conditions for these observations are (1) resonance between cavity and reactive modes at normal incidence (k = 0) and (2) a monotonic increase of the effect with the concentration of emitters in the sample. Importantly, vibropolaritonic chemistry has only been experimentally demonstrated in the so-called “collective” strong coupling regime, where there is a macroscopic number of molecules (rather than a single molecule) coupled to each photon mode of the microcavity. Strikingly, efforts to understand this phenomenon from a conceptual standpoint have encountered several roadblocks, and no single, unifying theory has surfaced thus far. This Perspective documents the most relevant approaches taken by theorists, laying out the contributions and unresolved challenges from each work. We expect this Perspective to not only serve as a primer for experimentalists and theorists alike but also inform future endeavors in the quest for the ultimate formalism of vibropolaritonic chemical kinetics.
Novel anomalous Hall effect mechanism in ferrimagnetic GdCo alloy
Authors: Hai Ngo Trong , Wu Jong-Ching , Chou Jyh-Pin , Pothan Jayaprakash
Published: June 2023

In this work, we shed light on the mechanism behind the complexity of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in the rare earth-transition metal (RE-TM) compound. To achieve a comprehensive picture, we first theoretically investigate the pure elemental metals and observe that the AHE of RE Gd is negative while that of TM Co is positive. We then investigate magnetic properties and AHE behavior for two typical cases of TM-rich and RE-rich compositions that correspond to GdCo5 and GdCo3 alloys, respectively. The observation that net magnetization is not a decisive factor in assessing the AHE value is consistent with recent claims. Besides, our investigations reveal a significant role of the Gd sublattice to the AHE. The reduction AHE signal under a high-applied field is attributed to the counteraction between the positive and negative AHC contributions when the TM and RE sub-moments are aligned parallel. On a bright note, our new findings can be successfully employed to unravel two types of aberrant humps of AHE signals near compensation temperature.
Influence of random telegraph noise on quantum bit gate operation
Authors: Likens Jackson , Prabhakar Sanjay , Lal Ratan , Melnik Roderick
Published: June 2023

We consider the problem of analyzing spin-flip qubit gate operation in the presence of Random Telegraph Noise (RTN). Our compressive approach is the following. By using the Feynman disentangling operators method, we calculate the spin-flip probability of qubit driven by different kinds of composite pulses, e.g., Constant pulse (C-pulse), Quantum Well pulse (QW-pulse), and Barrier Potential pulse (BP-pulse) in the presence of RTN. When composite pulses and RTN act in the x-direction and z-direction respectively, we calculate the optimal time to achieve perfect spin-flip probability of qubit. We report that the highest fidelity of spin-flip qubit can be achieved by using C-pulse, followed by BP-pulse and QW-pulse. For a more general case, we have tested several pulse sequences for achieving high fidelity quantum gates, where we use the pulses acting in different directions. From the calculations, we find that high fidelity of qubit gate operation in the presence of RTN is achieved when QW-pulse, BP-pulse, and C-pulse act in the x-direction, y-direction, and z-direction, respectively. We extend our investigations for multiple QW and BP pulses while choosing the C-pulse amplitude constant in the presence of RTN. The results of calculation show that 98.5% fidelity can be achieved throughout the course of RTN that may be beneficial for quantum error correction.
Faraday rotation enhancement and characteristic of the Weyl node separation and tilt degree by resonant tunneling
Authors: Wu Jipeng , Zeng Rongzhou , Liang Jiaojiao , Huang Di , Xiang Yuanjiang , Dai Xiaoyu
Published: June 2023

The 8 × 8 magneto-optical matrix has been derived to discuss the Faraday rotation (FR) effect, which is induced by the linear polarization wave passing through a sandwich structure composed of a dielectric layer and two identical Weyl semimetals (WSMs). The giant enhanced FR angle about 45° can be realized at the resonant tunneling wavelength of right hand circularly polarization (RCP) waves by enlarging the difference of the resonant tunneling wavelength of RCP and left hand circularly polarization waves suitably. It is shown that the resonant wavelengths depend on the Weyl node separation and tilt degree of Weyl cones in both type-I and type-II WSMs. More importantly, there exists a tunable one-to-one relationship between the Weyl node separation and the wavelength of the resonant FR angle, as well as the tilt degree and the wavelength of the resonant FR angle, which enables the characteristic of the Weyl node separation and tilt degree. Our research reveals an available method to determine the Weyl node separation and tilt degree of Weyl cones in both type-I and type-II WSMs.
Remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of GeSn on Si: Material and defect characterization
Authors: Lim S. Q. , Huston L. Q. , Smillie L. A. , Grzybowski G. J. , Huang X. , Williams J. S. , Claflin B. B.
Published: June 2023

Germanium–tin (GeSn) alloys at sufficiently high Sn concentration, above several atomic percent, are the only group IV semiconductor exhibiting a direct bandgap and have generated much recent interest for optoelectronic applications into the mid-infrared region. Because the large lattice mismatch between GeSn and Si results in considerable strain for thin layers and a high defect density for thicker strain-relaxed layers, most reported GeSn growths incorporate a Ge buffer layer rather than depositing directly on Si substrates. Published reports of GeSn growth directly on Si utilize specialized precursors such as higher order germanes (Ge2H6, Ge3H8, or Ge4H10) or SnD4. In this paper, we report GeSn films with up to 10.6% Sn grown directly on Si substrates by remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using GeH4 and SnCl4 precursors. These alloys have been characterized in detail using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry with channeling (RBS-C), as well as Raman spectroscopy (RS) and optical microscopy. The films studied are almost fully relaxed, with small residual strain observed, particularly in thinner films, and contain a high interface density of misfit dislocations that increases with Sn concentration. The defect density decreases toward the surface. Good agreement is found between the various characterization methods for the Sn content (XRD and RBS-C), lattice parameter measurement (XRD and TEM), and defect characterization (RBS-C, TEM, and RS). Such characterization of GeSn grown directly on Si substrates is essential to allow growth parameters to be optimized for the realization of the attractive optoelectronic properties of these alloys.
Interpreting ultrafast electron transfer on surfaces with a converged first-principles Newns–Anderson chemisorption function
Authors: Ghan Simiam , Diesen Elias , Kunkel Christian , Reuter Karsten , Oberhofer Harald
Published: June 2023

We study the electronic coupling between an adsorbate and a metal surface by calculating tunneling matrix elements Had directly from first principles. For this, we employ a projection of the Kohn–Sham Hamiltonian upon a diabatic basis using a version of the popular projection-operator diabatization approach. An appropriate integration of couplings over the Brillouin zone allows the first calculation of a size-convergent Newns–Anderson chemisorption function, a coupling-weighted density of states measuring the line broadening of an adsorbate frontier state upon adsorption. This broadening corresponds to the experimentally observed lifetime of an electron in the state, which we confirm for core-excited Ar*(2p3/2−14s) atoms on a number of transition metal (TM) surfaces. Yet, beyond just lifetimes, the chemisorption function is highly interpretable and encodes rich information on orbital phase interactions on the surface. The model thus captures and elucidates key aspects of the electron transfer process. Finally, a decomposition into angular momentum components reveals the hitherto unresolved role of the hybridized d-character of the TM surface in the resonant electron transfer and elucidates the coupling of the adsorbate to the surface bands over the entire energy scale.
Reaction dynamics for the Cl(2P) + XCl → XCl + Cl(2P) (X = H, D, Mu) reaction on a high-fidelity ground state potential energy surface
Authors: Li Qiang , Yang Mingjuan , Song Hongwei , Li Yongle
Published: June 2023

In this work, the dynamics of a prototypical heavy–light–heavy abstract reaction, Cl(2P) + HCl → HCl + Cl(2P), is investigated both by constructing a new potential energy surface (PES) and by rate coefficient calculations. Both the permutation invariant polynomial neural network method and the embedded atom neural network (EANN) method, based on ab initio MRCI-F12+Q/AVTZ level points, are used for obtaining globally accurate full-dimensional ground state PES, with the corresponding total root mean square error being only 0.043 and 0.056 kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, this is also the first application of the EANN in a gas-phase bimolecular reaction. The saddle point of this reaction system is confirmed to be nonlinear. In comparison with both the energetics and rate coefficients obtained on both PESs, we find that the EANN is reliable in dynamic calculations. A full-dimensional approximate quantum mechanical method, ring-polymer molecular dynamics with a Cayley propagator, is employed to obtain the thermal rate coefficients and kinetic isotopic effects of the title reaction Cl(2P) + XCl→ XCl + Cl(2P) (H, D, Mu) on both new PESs, and the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) is also obtained. The rate coefficients reproduce the experimental results at high temperatures perfectly but with moderate accuracy at lower temperatures, but the KIE is with high accuracy. The similar kinetic behavior is supported by quantum dynamics using wave packet calculations as well.