bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Seismic Vulnerability and Energy Demand of Cities through Green Infrastructure
Authors: Privitera Riccardo , La Rosa Daniele
Published: July 2018

Historically, urbanization processes in Italy resulted in built environments with high levels of seismic vulnerability, low energy efficiency and a lack of green spaces. The latter represent the main providers of ecosystem services in cities and play a relevant role in reducing the effects of climate change by the regulation of microclimate and urban heat islands that are responsible for building energy consumption. Despite their importance in providing ecosystem services, the implementation of green infrastructure challenges limited financial resources for the public acquisition of private plots. This paper proposes a strategy to implement an urban green infrastructure aimed at generating a double positive effect on cities by triggering seismic retrofitting and the reduction of cooling energy demand of the existing urban fabric. This is proposed through a transfer of development rights program where landowners gain economic incentives to adopt seismic retrofitting interventions and, at the same time, public administrations implement the green infrastructure in the portion of areas transferred to the municipality. The energy efficiency of buildings closer to the green infrastructure, therefore, benefits from the cooling effects of this new greenery. The strategy is tested under different scenarios of acquisition of private land by public administrations in the metropolitan area of Catania (Italy).
Visual Landscape Quality as Viewed from Motorways in Spain
Authors: Martín Belén , Arce Rosa , Otero Isabel , Loro Manuel
Published: July 2018

Motorways are large infrastructures that alter the environmental resources in a territory, while constituting an important element through which the individual comes into contact with the landscape. Motorways are integrated in the landscape through their layout design and construction, the aesthetic details of minor structures (design and building materials) and the treatment of embankments and landscape planting. In this paper, we test the following hypotheses: motorway elements are related to the perception of landscape quality—from the point of view of the road users—and the aesthetic characteristics of minor infrastructures and planting affect the quality of the landscape perceived from the roads. These research questions were tested by comparing the visual quality of the landscapes captured in 128 photographs taken from sections of motorways in Spain. We compared the results obtained from (a) a photo-based method, and (b) the public’s landscape preferences determined using a survey of 737 people. The results show a correlation between the landscape quality values obtained using the model and the landscape preferences expressed by the public. We also found that the presence of the motorway elements and their aesthetic characteristics are significant in the users’ perception. These results can be applied in the decision-making process for potential investments to integrate new and existing motorways in the landscape.
Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study: Spain and Sweden
Authors: Garrido-Velarde Jacinto , Montero-Parejo María Jesús , Hernández-Blanco Julio , García-Moruno Lorenzo
Published: July 2018

The perception of apparent sizes of buildings in a rural environment depends on the height ratio between the building and its surrounding vegetation, and it is this parameter which is currently used to assess the built landscapes. The impact of a contrasting height is less strong if the building does not exceed the horizon line. For buildings overshooting the skyline, the building’s level of sharpness and number of lines in contrast to the sky determines the impact of the scales, and vegetation in the background helps to reduce impact. The specific objectives of the present study were: (1) finding height–ratio thresholds between building and background vegetation, which may improve the integration of rural buildings in sky-sensitive locations, and; (2) comparing the results in two rural contexts with very different climatic conditions: Spain and Sweden. A survey of eighteen scenarios (nine Spanish and nine Swedish), all digitally modified with different relative height ratios between vegetation and buildings, was performed. The survey was evaluated by the public from both countries. Regardless of the country of origin, integration of the building was good or very good when the vegetation in background did not exceed one half of the height of the construction. These results may be translated to technical criteria for planning assessment.
Aesthetic Experience Anchors Ego Identity Formation
Authors: Yu Chi-Ying , Wang Po-Ching
Published: July 2018

The development of a coherent identity status, also referred to as ego identity, is critical during adolescence and early-adulthood. In the long run, an individual’s ego identity status may influence the sustainability of his or her well-being. Researchers have attempted to discover the predictors or factors correlated with one’s identity status. In that search, aesthetic experience, as a unique means of knowing oneself and the world, seemed to be overlooked. Philosophical and psychological discourses have asserted that aesthetic experience stimulated identity discovery and formation; this hypothesis, however, is not supported by strong quantitative evidence. Thus, an empirical study with a quantitative approach was conducted to examine whether those who have frequent aesthetic experiences are more likely to possess a mature ego identity. A sample of 758 valid questionnaires was collected. The results supported the argument that aesthetic experience favors the development of ego identity. In addition, this study revealed that sociodemographic backgrounds such as women, fine arts and design majors, and religious individuals were more likely to have a rich aesthetic life. The results imply that aesthetic experience serves as a crucial aspect that contributes to the wellness of personality development and promotes a healthy and sustainable quality of life.
Towards a Joint Local Energy Transition Process in Urban Districts: The GO2Zero Simulation Game
Authors: Bekebrede Geertje , Van Bueren Ellen , Wenzler Ivo
Published: July 2018

The depletion of fossil fuel sources for our energy system and the influence on overall CO2 emissions drive the need to more sustainable energy systems. The transition towards a renewable energy system cannot be seen as a purely technical issue; it is strongly embedded within society. In this study, we analyze the stakeholder complexities of the transition in urban districts and research the use of a simulation game to increase the understanding of the complexity of the transition. Surveys and observations were used to collect data about the learning experiences of playing the game GO2Zero. The results show that participants liked to play the game and they considered the game a valid representation of the system. Further, the participants agree that they obtained a better understanding of the complexity of the residential energy system and experienced a variety of challenges in the transition. Simulation games, like GO2Zero, could become valuable instruments in local energy transition processes as they offer a safe environment for novices and experts to jointly experiment with the challenges in this process. These experiences could support the design of the transition process by helping actors to formulate goals and collaborative strategies for achieving those goals. Future research will focus on the use of this game for experimenting with different strategies and instruments and to analyze their effects.
A Method to Identify Simple Graphs by Special Binary Systems
Authors: Kim Hee Sik , Neggers J. , Ahn Sun Shin
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we discuss some relations between the semigroup, Bin(X), of all groupoids (X,∗) and graphs. We discuss mimimum (mutual) covering sets in several groupoids and discuss distances of graphs with groupoids. Finally, we obtain some results on frame graphs with groupoids.
Determination of the Role of Microcystis aeruginosa in Toxin Generation Based on Phosphoproteomic Profiles
Authors: Qu Jiangqi , Shen Liping , Zhao Meng , Li Wentong , Jia Chengxia , Zhu Hua , Zhang Qingjing
Published: July 2018

Microcystis aeruginosa is the most common species responsible for toxic cyanobacterial blooms and is considered a significant contributor to the production of cyanotoxins, particularly the potent liver toxins called microcystins. Numerous studies investigating Microcystis spp. blooms have revealed their deleterious effects in freshwater environments. However, the available knowledge regarding the global phosphoproteomics of M. aeruginosa and their regulatory roles in toxin generation is limited. In this study, we conducted comparative phosphoproteomic profiling of non-toxic and toxin-producing strains of M. aeruginosa. We identified 59 phosphorylation sites in 37 proteins in a non-toxic strain and 26 phosphorylation sites in 18 proteins in a toxin-producing strain. The analysis of protein phosphorylation abundances and functions in redox homeostasis, energy metabolism, light absorption and photosynthesis showed marked differences between the non-toxic and toxin-producing strains of M. aeruginosa, indicating that these processes are strongly related to toxin generation. Moreover, the protein-protein interaction results indicated that BJ0JVG8 can directly interact with the PemK-like toxin protein B0JQN8. Thus, the phosphorylation of B0JQN8 appears to be associated with the regulatory roles of toxins in physiological activity.
High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals Further Diversity of Little Cherry Virus 1 with Implications for Diagnostics
Authors: Katsiani Asimina , Maliogka Varvara I. , Katis Nikolaos , Svanella-Dumas Laurence , Olmos Antonio , Ruiz-García Ana B. , Marais Armelle , Faure Chantal , Theil Sébastien , Lotos Leonidas , Candresse Thierry
Published: July 2018

Little cherry virus 1 (LChV1, Velarivirus, Closteroviridae) is a widespread pathogen of sweet or sour cherry and other Prunus species, which exhibits high genetic diversity and lacks a putative efficient transmission vector. Thus far, four distinct phylogenetic clusters of LChV1 have been described, including isolates from different Prunus species. The recent application of high throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies in fruit tree virology has facilitated the acquisition of new viral genomes and the study of virus diversity. In the present work, several new LChV1 isolates from different countries were fully sequenced using different HTS approaches. Our results reveal the presence of further genetic diversity within the LChV1 species. Interestingly, mixed infections of the same sweet cherry tree with different LChV1 variants were identified for the first time. Taken together, the high intra-host and intra-species diversities of LChV1 might affect its pathogenicity and have clear implications for its accurate diagnostics.
From Host to Phage Metabolism: Hot Tales of Phage T4’s Takeover of E. coli
Authors: Kutter Elizabeth , Bryan Daniel , Ray Georgia , Brewster Erin , Blasdel Bob , Guttman Burton
Published: July 2018

The mechanisms by which bacteriophage T4 converts the metabolism of its E. coli host to one dedicated to progeny phage production was the subject of decades of intense research in many labs from the 1950s through the 1980s. Presently, a wide range of phages are starting to be used therapeutically and in many other applications, and also the range of phage sequence data available is skyrocketing. It is thus important to re-explore the extensive available data about the intricacies of the T4 infection process as summarized here, expand it to looking much more broadly at other genera of phages, and explore phage infections using newly-available modern techniques and a range of appropriate environmental conditions.
Detection of Usutu, Sindbis, and Batai Viruses in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected in Germany, 2011–2016
Authors: Scheuch Dorothee E. , Schäfer Mandy , Eiden Martin , Heym Eva C. , Ziegler Ute , Walther Doreen , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Keller Markus , Groschup Martin H. , Kampen Helge
Published: July 2018

Due to the emergence of non-endemic mosquito vectors and the recent outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases, mosquito-borne pathogens are considered an increasing risk to public and animal health in Europe. To obtain a status quo regarding mosquito-borne viruses and their vectors in Germany, 97,648 mosquitoes collected from 2011 to 2016 throughout the country were screened for arboviruses. Mosquitoes were identified to species, pooled in groups of up to 50 individuals according to sampling location and date, and screened with different PCR assays for Flavi-, Alpha- and Orthobunyavirus RNA. Two pools tested positive for Usutu virus-RNA, two for Sindbis virus-RNA, and 24 for Batai virus-RNA. The pools consisted of Culex pipiens s.l., Culex modestus, Culex torrentium, Culiseta sp., Aedes vexans, Anopheles daciae, and Anopheles messeae mosquitoes and could be assigned to nine different collection sites, with seven of them located in northeastern Germany. Phylogenetic analyses of the viral RNA sequences showed relationships with strains of the viruses previously demonstrated in Germany. These findings confirm continuing mosquito-borne zoonotic arbovirus circulation even though only a rather small percentage of the screened samples tested positive. With respect to sampling sites and periods, virus circulation seems to be particularly intense in floodplains and after flooding events when mosquitoes develop in excessive numbers and where they have numerous avian hosts available to feed on.
Phototracking Vaccinia Virus Transport Reveals Dynamics of Cytoplasmic Dispersal and a Requirement for A36R and F12L for Exit from the Site of Wrapping
Authors: Lynn Helena , Howell Liam M. , Diefenbach Russell J. , Newsome Timothy P.
Published: July 2018

The microtubule cytoskeleton is a primary organizer of viral infections for delivering virus particles to their sites of replication, establishing and maintaining subcellular compartments where distinct steps of viral morphogenesis take place, and ultimately dispersing viral progeny. One of the best characterized examples of virus motility is the anterograde transport of the wrapped virus form of vaccinia virus (VACV) from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell periphery by kinesin-1. Yet many aspects of this transport event are elusive due to the speed of motility and the challenges of imaging this stage at high resolution over extended time periods. We have established a novel imaging technology to track virus transport that uses photoconvertible fluorescent recombinant viruses to track subsets of virus particles from their site of origin and determine their destination. Here we image virus exit from the TGN and their rate of egress to the cell periphery. We demonstrate a role for kinesin-1 engagement in regulating virus exit from the TGN by removing A36 and F12 function, critical viral mediators of kinesin-1 recruitment to virus particles. Phototracking viral particles and components during infection is a powerful new imaging approach to elucidate mechanisms of virus replication.
Methods for Measuring T-Cell Memory to Vaccination: From Mouse to Man
Authors: Flaxman Amy , Ewer Katie J.
Published: July 2018

The development of effective vaccines continues to be a key goal for public health bodies, governments, funding bodies and pharmaceutical companies. With new vaccines such as Shingrix targeting Shingles and Bexsero for Meningitis B, licensed in recent years, today’s population can be protected from more infectious diseases than ever before. Despite this, we are yet to license vaccines for some of the deadliest endemic diseases affecting children, such as malaria. In addition, the threat of epidemics caused by emerging pathogens is very real as exemplified by the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak. Most licensed vaccines provide efficacy through humoral immunity and correlates of protection often quantify neutralising antibody titre. The role of T-cells in vaccine efficacy is less well understood and more complex to quantify. Defining T-cell responses which afford protection also remains a challenge, although more sophisticated assays for assessing cell-mediated immunity with the potential for higher throughput and scalability are now available and warrant review. Here we discuss the benefits of multiparameter cytokine analysis and omics approaches compared with flow cytometric and ELISpot assays. We also review technical challenges unique to clinical trial studies, including assay validation across laboratories and availability of sample type. Measuring T-cell immunogenicity alongside humoral responses provides information on the breadth of immune responses induced by vaccination. Accurately enumerating and phenotyping T-cell immunogenicity to vaccination is key for the determination of immune correlates of protection. However, identifying such T-cell parameters remains challenging without a clear understanding of the immunological mechanisms by which a T-cell-mediated response induces protection.
Effects of LL-37 on Gingival Fibroblasts: A Role in Periodontal Tissue Remodeling?
Authors: McCrudden Maelíosa T. C. , O’Donnell Katherine , Irwin Chris R. , Lundy Fionnuala T.
Published: July 2018

Mounting evidence suggests that the host defence peptide, LL-37, plays a role in both inflammation and in wound healing; however, the role of this peptide in the remodeling and maintenance of oral tissues is not yet fully understood. Fibroblasts are the most abundant cell type within the periodontal tissues, and gingival fibroblasts play an important role in maintaining and repairing the gingival tissues which are constantly exposed to external insults. In this study we examined the direct effects of LL-37 treatment on gingival fibroblasts and found that LL-37 significantly increased secretion of both interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 from these cells. LL-37 tended to decrease matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in gingival fibroblasts, but this decrease did not reach statistical significance. LL-37 significantly increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) production by gingival fibroblasts, but had no significant effect on TIMP-2 levels. LL-37 was also shown to significantly increase production of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in gingival fibroblasts. Taken together, these results suggest an important role for the host defence peptide, LL-37, in modulating the fibroblast response to remodeling in periodontal tissues.
Modeling the Runoff Reduction Effect of Low Impact Development Installations in an Industrial Area, South Korea
Authors: Kim Jungho , Lee Jungho , Song Yangho , Han Heechan , Joo Jingul
Published: July 2018

Low-impact development (LID) methods are an important approach to storm-water mitigation. Modeling the effects of these installations using rainfall-runoff simulations can provide useful data for future design and implementation. In this study, we used the Storm Water Management Model to assess seven types of LID installations (vegetated areas, garden pots, tree filter boxes, permeable pavement, infiltration ditches, rain barrels, and infiltration blocks) at a South Korean industrial site. Using both short- and long-term simulation periods and distinct sub-basins within the study site, we were able to assess LID performance at the combined watershed, as well as at one LID facility. All LID types showed reasonable performance for storm-water runoff reduction, though rain barrels were the least effective. The effect of rainfall runoff reduction on LID facilities is changed according to rainfall depth (annual precipitation, monthly rainfall), the ratio of drainage area and facility capacity. We concluded that SWMM-LID modeling can effectively support the management of LID installations by providing additional design and planning data to better mitigate the effects of storm-water runoff.
Assessment of Runoff Components Simulated by GLDAS against UNH–GRDC Dataset at Global and Hemispheric Scales
Authors: Lv Meizhao , Lu Hui , Yang Kun , Xu Zhongfeng , Lv Meixia , Huang Xiaomeng
Published: July 2018

The current evaluations of global land data assimilation system (GLDAS) runoff were generally limited to the observation-rich areas. At the global and hemispheric scales, we assessed different runoff components performance of GLDAS (1.0 and 2.1) using the University of New Hampshire and Global Runoff Data Centre (UNH-GRDC) dataset. The results suggest that GLDAS simulations show considerable uncertainties, particularly in partition of surface and subsurface runoffs, in snowmelt runoff modeling, and in capturing the northern peak time. GLDAS1.0-CLM (common land model) produced more surface runoff almost globally; GLDAS-Noah generated more surface runoff over the northern middle-high latitudes and more subsurface runoff in the remaining areas; while the partition in GLDAS1.0-VIC (variable infiltration capacity) is almost opposite to that in Noah. Comparing to GLDAS1.0-Noah, GLDAS2.1-Noah improved the premature snow-melting tendency, but its snowmelt-runoff peak magnitude was excessively high in June and July. The discrepancies in northern primary peak times among precipitation and runoff is partly caused by the combination of rainfall and melting-snow over high-latitude, as well as the very different temporal–spatial distributions for snowmelt runoff simulated by GLDAS models. This paper can provide valuable guidance for GLDAS users, and contribute to the further improvement of hydrological parameterized schemes.
Water and Nitrogen Productivity of Potato Growth in Desert Areas under Low-Discharge Drip Irrigation
Authors: Trifonov Pavel , Lazarovitch Naftali , Arye Gilboa
Published: July 2018

Narrow profit margins, resource conservation issues and environmental concerns are the main driving forces to improve fertilizer uptake, especially for potatoes. Potatoes are a high value crop with a shallow, inefficient root system and high fertilizer rate requirements. Of all essential nutrients, nitrogen (N) is often limiting to potato production. A major concern in potato production is to minimize N leaching from the root zone. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine the potato crop characteristics under drip irrigation with low-discharge (0.6 L h−1) and to determine the optimal combination of irrigation (40, 60, 80, and 100%) and fertigation (0, 50, and 100%) doses. In this study, the 80% (438.6 mm) irrigation dose and a 50% (50 mg N L−1) fertigation dose (W80%F50%) showed that these doses are sufficient for optimal potato yield (about 40 ton ha−1) in conjunction with water and fertilizer savings. Moreover, this treatment did not exhibit any qualitative changes in the potato tuber compared to the 100% treatments. When considering water productivity and yield, one may select a harsher irrigation regime if the available agricultural soils are not a limiting factor. Thus, higher yields can be obtained with lower irrigation and fertigation doses and a larger area.
White Spots in Business and IT: An Explorative Study for E-Mobility Services
Authors: Martin Dominik , Kühl Niklas , Stryja Carola , Haude Jan
Published: July 2018

E-mobility services are important enablers for the success of electric vehicles. In contrast to conventional mobility, where an ecosystem consisting of the vehicle and complementary services has been built up and has improved over decades, the ecosystem for e-mobility is far less advanced and still in its infancy. In order to get on the sustainable path to success in the steadily growing e-mobility market, innovative ideas are necessary which are not covered by existing service offerings. This paper therefore describes a study that explored opportunities for innovative e-mobility service business models through a systematic analysis. Furthermore, each e-mobility service depends on information technology (IT) support. Therefore, IT standardization is an important issue to consider in order to build up more complex services on top of basic services and further advance the e-mobility ecosystem. Consequently, this paper presents results from a survey conducted with 27 e-mobility experts from Germany to help identify necessary standardization gaps in the context of e-mobility services. The paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by proposing a structured, repeatable method for identifying innovative business models and by offering insights into study results. In addition, gaps in the standardization of IT infrastructure that are important for the provision of existing e-mobility services are illustrated.
Diagnostics in anaemia of chronic disease in general practice: a real-world retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schop Annemarie , Stouten Karlijn , van Houten Ron , Riedl Jürgen , van Rosmalen Joost , Bindels Patrick JE , Levin Mark-David
Published: July 2018

Background

Limited research has been performed that focused on the diagnosis of the underlying cause of anaemia of chronic disease (ACD) in general practice or on prevalence data of the underlying causes of ACD in general practice, although this is one of the most common types of anaemia.

Aim

To clarify the diagnostic strategies of GPs in patients newly diagnosed with ACD and to determine the most common underlying causes.

Design & setting

Retrospective cohort study.

Method

Patients newly diagnosed with ACD were selected based on laboratory criteria. ACD was defined as confirmed anaemia and ferritin levels above 100 μg/l combined with decreased iron and/or reduced transferrin. Additional medical information on patients was obtained from the electronic medical files of the GP and/or the referral hospital.

Results

Of the 267 analysed patients with ACD, additional investigations were performed in 205 patients (77%); in 31 patients (12%) the cause was apparent at the time of diagnosis, and for 31 patients (12%) no additional investigations were requested. In 210 (79%) of the 267 patients, an underlying cause was established, with infection (n = 68, 32%), autoimmune disease (n = 51, 24%) and malignancy (n = 48, 23%) as the most frequently observed etiologies. In 35 (13%) of the ACD patients, oral iron supplementation was prescribed by the GP. This was mainly done in patients with severe anaemia or less enhanced ferritin levels.

Conclusion

For most patients with newly diagnosed ACD, the GP undertakes additional investigations to establish underlying causes. However, the cause of ACD remains unknown in a small proportion of patients. The use of oral iron supplementation in these patients requires caution.
GSK-3β Promotes Cell Migration and Inhibits Autophagy by Mediating the AMPK Pathway in Breast Cancer
Authors: Guo Lu , Chen Duankai , Yin Xing , Shu Qingfeng
Published: July 2018

GSK-3β is a versatile protein kinase participating in many reactions. Currently, there is insufficient understanding of its influence on breast cancer (BC). In order to explore its influence on migration and invasion in BC, we investigated its expression in BC cell lines using
qRT-PCR and Western blot (WB). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the potential of GSK-3β to predict clinical outcome in BC patients. GSK-3β knockdown was achieved using an shRNA plasmid vector in T47D cells. Our research explored the biological reactions and downstream
pathways involved. We found excessive GSK-3β expression in BC tissues, which was correlated with worse clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcome. Progression of BC was suppressed by GSK-3β knockdown. Furthermore, suppression of GSK-3β function led to a noticeable decrease
in ATP generation, and this was associated with stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in T47D cells. Activation of AMPK, a typical sign of autophagy stimulation, was triggered after suppression of GSK-3β function, in parallel with increased generation of LC3 II. Our findings
therefore indicate that GSK-3β participates in regulation of migration as well as stimulation of autophagy via mediating activation of the AMPK pathway. This suggests that GSK-3β has potential as a predictor of clinical outcome and as a target for BC therapy.
The Rise of Whiskey Tourism in Ireland: Developing a Terroir Engagement Template
Authors: Murphy Brian , Keaney Raymond
Published: July 2018

The recently launched Irish Whiskey Tourism Strategy proposes that Ireland will become the world leader in whiskey tourism by the year 2030. This target stems from the fact that Irish Whiskey has been recently cited as being the fastest growing subsection of the entire whiskey
category globally. Concepts like authenticity, place, story, and indeed terroir are frequently deployed when considering many aspects of contemporary whiskey tourism sites but interpretation and analysis of such nebulous concepts can vary considerably and they can prove very difficult to define.
In particular, the concept of terroir has proved quite challenging, not only in terms of definition, but also in terms of how one communicates a sense of terroir to a tourist audience. And yet a clear understanding is very necessary when developing appropriate marketing strategies. This research
explores definitions of the terroir concept with a view to providing insights into how contemporary drink tourism sites might successfully engage with visitors through a variety of mediums in an effort to convey that true sense of terroir. It introduces the Fourth Space model, which draws
on the long-lived success of the French wine sectors' portrayal of terroir to consumers. It provides a framework to help explore how beverage tourism sites can both analyze and communicate terroir elements to visitors. Using a comparative analysis of two whiskey tourism sites in Dublin, Ireland
the study maps their level of terroir engagement across a number of different strands according to the Fourth Space model. The analysis provides initial evidence of the potential benefits of such a model in developing strategies that will be of benefit to whiskey tourism sites; it shows how
they can enhance their ability to convey a strong and authentic sense of terroir, thus allowing them to compete in an increasingly competitive beverage tourism market.
Gastronomy Tourism: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review of Research Areas, Disciplines, and Dynamics
Authors: De Jong Anna , Palladino Monica , Puig Romà Garrido , Romeo Giuseppa , Fava Nadia , Cafiero Carlo , Skoglund Wilhelm , Varley Peter , Marcianò Claudio , Laven Daniel , Sjölander-Lindqvist Annelie
Published: July 2018

Residing with the exponential growth of gastronomy tourism research, a number of review articles have examined the relationship of gastronomy and tourism from distinct thematic and disciplinary perspectives. What remains absent is a comprehensive overview that encapsulates the interdisciplinary dimensions of this area of research. In response, this study comprehensively investigates gastronomy tourism literature utilizing a network and content analysis, with an aim to map the main subject areas concerned with gastronomy tourism and relations between varying subject areas. In doing so, themes determining gastronomy tourism and focus for future exploration are identified. The review findings suggest that the trajectory of gastronomy tourism research is characterized by the dominance of "tourism, leisure, and hospitality management" and "geography, planning, and development." Three recommendations are proposed to assist development of gastronomy tourism research: increased dialogue across subject areas, development of critical and theoretical approaches, and greater engagement with sustainability debates.
A hemicryptophane with a triple-stranded helical structure
Authors: Long Augustin , Perraud Olivier , Jeanneau Erwann , Aronica Christophe , Dutasta Jean-Pierre , Martinez Alexandre
Published: July 2018

A hemicryptophane cage bearing amine and amide functions in its three linkers was synthesized in five steps. The X-ray molecular structure of the cage shows a triple-stranded helical arrangement of the linkers stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds between amide and amine groups. The chirality of the cyclotriveratrylene unit controls the propeller arrangement of the three aromatic rings in the opposite part of the cage. 1H NMR studies suggest that this structure is retained in solution.
As convergências entre a comunicação organizacional e o marketing: uma análise sobre o marketing 3.0
Authors: Ladeira Fábio Silva , Vieira Alcioni Galdino
Published: July 2018

Este artigo propõe um estudo sobre a aproximação entre o marketing e a comunicação organizacional. Durante muito tempo houve divergências sobre suas funções na organização. O marketing tradicional tinha o foco limitado à venda de produtos, utilizando a comunicação como ferramenta para alcançar esses objetivos; enquanto a comunicação nas organizações, principalmente as relações públicas, negavam as estratégias de marketing em sua atuação com seus públicos. Este artigo faz um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o histórico do marketing e da comunicação organizacional para entender a dinâmica que determinou a convergência entre as duas áreas. Assim, espera-se contribuir para o entendimento da nova dinâmica integradora das áreas, que agora precisam ser planejadas com estratégias conjuntas para poder dar conta dos objetivos organizacionais no novo contexto de mercado.
L’intégration des organisations syndicales est-européennes au sein du mouvement syndical international
Authors: Crochemore Kevin
Published: July 2018

Depuis la fin du bloc soviétique, le paysage des organisations syndicales de l’Europe centrale et orientale se recompose tout en tenant compte de l’héritage de la période précédente. Alors que la période postcommuniste semble terminée, ces organisations devraient pouvoir consacrer une part de leurs ressources à s’intégrer aux échelons européen et international. Toutefois, leur intégration ne dépend pas de leurs seuls objectifs mais également de ceux des confédérations et fédérations auxquelles elles s’affilient. En tenant compte de ce rapport, elles doivent composer tant bien que mal avec leurs ressources et leur héritage.
Chine-Amérique latine et Caraïbes
Authors: Wintgens Sophie
Published: July 2018

L’accroissement des échanges économiques et commerciaux de la Chine avec l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes (ALC) va de pair avec l’imposition des normes, économiques et politiques, dont sa politique commerciale internationale est porteuse. Ce constat pose dès lors la question du défi que représente cette influence normative chinoise croissante pour la stratégie déployée par l’Union européenne (UE) en ALC. Pour répondre à cette question, cet article analyse la portée normative de la politique commerciale chinoise en ALC afin de voir si elle est porteuse d’un projet politico-économique régional comparable et concurrentiel au modèle d’intégration et de gouvernance régionale déployé par l’UE dans ce sous-continent.
Objet agglutiné et trace mnésique non représentée
Authors: Chocron Michael , Capart Noémie , de Matteis Vanessa
Published: July 2018

Les travaux théoriques sur la clinique de l’autisme insistent beaucoup sur les aspects archaïques des mouvements psychiques à l’œuvre chez ces sujets. Cependant, la théorisation de l’archaïque va bien au-delà de la clinique de l’autisme. Cet article cherche à proposer une lecture plus transversale des difficultés des sujets autistes, en s’appuyant sur des concepts psychanalytiques hors du champ immédiat de l’autisme. Dans cette perspective, les auteurs s’appuieront, en premier lieu, sur la notion d’objet agglutiné de J. Bleger, tiré d’une clinique avec des patients psychotiques. En second lieu, les auteurs exploreront le concept de trace mnésique sensitivo-perceptivo-motrice de R. Roussillon, issu d’une clinique avec des patients psychotiques et états-limites. La liaison de ces deux concepts permet d’envisager comment des traces mnésiques non subjectivées, présentes chez le sujet autiste, peuvent être stabilisées par un objet agglutiné afin de limiter l’effet déstabilisant pour le psychisme de ces traces profondément inconscientes. Les auteurs s’appuieront sur l’exposé d’un cas issu de la clinique d’un d’entre eux. Cet extrait du début de la thérapie d’un adolescent présentant des troubles autistiques permettra d’illustrer la construction théorique envisagée. Enfin les auteurs envisageront les aspects spécifiques que le fonctionnement psychique d’un sujet autiste imprime à cette théorisation avant d’ouvrir sur la question de ce que les fonctionnements autistiques permettent d’appréhender des processus psychiques archaïques.
Histoire et littérature : un regard depuis l’édition
Authors: Figuier Richard
Published: July 2018

Depuis la fin du XIX e siècle, les destins de l’histoire-science et de la littérature se croisent et se séparent au gré des épistémologies et des esthétiques. Le rôle que joue la médiation éditoriale doit être évalué. On s’aperçoit assez vite qu’elle-même est gouvernée par les transformations profondes de la temporalité.
Un pour tous : essai sur l’utilité publique des régents d’école (Champagne, vers 1650 – vers 1770)
Authors: Bisaro Xavier
Published: July 2018

Considérant à nouveaux frais le maillage scolaire serré de la Champagne sous l’Ancien Régime, cet article met au jour le faisceau de relations existant entre les prescripteurs des obligations du maître d’école de village (évêque, curé, marguillier, intendant), les « usagers » de ses fonctions (prêtres, laïcs adultes et enfants) et le maître lui-même, et ce en insistant plus particulièrement sur ses devoirs liturgiques au service de la paroisse. Partant de la définition théorique du rôle du régent par les autorités religieuses, l’étude aborde ensuite son activité à l’église tels que les archives permettent de la reconstituer, puis les concertations ou les négociations que son implantation locale pouvait déclencher. De la sorte, le maître d’école de la fin du XVIII e siècle se laisse voir sous l’apparence de ses « deux corps » – celui de l’instituteur des enfants et celui de l’initiateur du village – soumis à des idéaux complémentaires mais à des formes d’action, à des conventions et à des niveaux de pouvoir séparés.
Imaginaire de la online religion
Authors: Berzano Luigi , La Rocca Fabio
Published: July 2018

La religion sur Internet possède une liaison particulière avec la production des imaginaires. Cet article présente une typologie d’imaginaires de la online religion à partir d’une recherche réalisée sur les comportements d’une page Facebook en Italie dans les années 2015-2016 : immaginario peer to peer, immaginario delle identità multiple, immaginario del feeling of belonging, immaginario emozionale, immaginario solidale, immaginario autopoietico.
Rapport imaginaire du donneur et du receveur dans le don d’organes post mortem
Authors: Park Jung Ho , Shin Ji Eun
Published: July 2018

L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre les caractéristiques du don d’organes post mortem en termes d’unilatéralité, de dette et de rapport à autrui. En partant de l’analyse du don d’organes dans la perspective de l’échange asymétrique de la vie et de la mort, cet article commence par examiner la spécificité des sentiments de dette et de culpabilité que certains receveurs ont vécus après la transplantation d’organes. Dans un deuxième temps, il propose une analyse critique des discours mécaniste et utilitariste qui visent à réduire les organes humains à une substance sans âme. Ensuite, nous montrerons comment un receveur tente de se lier avec son donneur mort par le biais d’une parenté fictive. En examinant ce témoignage, nous pourrons voir dans quelle mesure le receveur arrive enfin à accepter l’organe du donneur et à établir un rapport imaginaire avec lui.
The impact of financial support on the success of small, medium and micro enterprises in the Eastern Cape province
Authors: Rungani Ellen C. , Potgieter Marius
Published: July 2018

Orientation: In developing economies, the growth of the economy could be fostered and enhanced by the expansion of the private sector, as this sector is the engine of economic growth. Consequently, it is necessary to accelerate the success of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) to achieve sustainability in this sector of the economy.Research purpose: The main aim of this article was to determine the relevance of financial support offered to SMMEs by both private and public sectors on the success of businesses.Motivation for the study: The impact of finance on SMME performance is well documented from an international perspective. However, what lacks in extant literature is the understanding of whether the financial support being offered by both public and private sectors is relevant to the success of businesses.Research design, approach and method: A post-positivist paradigm was used with a quantitative research design, which made use of self-administered questionnaires to assess the relevance of financial support offered to SMMEs by both private and public sectors. Multiple regressions and correlations were computed to test the research hypotheses.Main findings: The findings suggest that SMME success is positively and significantly correlated with financial support for both private and public sectors.Practical/managerial implications: Although financial support is important, it needs to be restructured so as to incorporate practical aspects. Furthermore, private and public sectors should create an enabling environment that encourages the effective use of finances, which, in turn, will improve the success of businesses.Contribution/value-add: This article is of particular value to policymakers for ways to improve the success of SMMEs.
Regulatory interaction with the long-term insurance industry in pursuit of market stability and financial inclusion
Authors: Heydenrych Corne , Luiz John M.
Published: July 2018

This study explores how the financial regulator through interaction with the long-term insurance industry can give effect to greater market inclusion and financial stability. It follows a qualitative approach and we interview both industry representatives and the regulator. The results show that there is a possible tension between the regulatory objectives of market stability and financial inclusion and that an unbalanced focus on either objective could adversely affect the other. It suggests that the best way to ensure this balance is for industry, the regulator and government to coframe issues, rather than being obliged to rely on the regulator to draft regulation in isolation. The entry level (base of the pyramid) insurance market may require a different paradigm to ‘usual’ insurance constructs and this requires a more innovative approach from all stakeholders. The findings highlight strategic measures that may assist regulators in giving effect to greater market inclusion without prejudicing the stability of the market.
Confronting Autism in Urban Bangladesh: Unpacking Infrastructural and Cultural Challenges
Authors: Ehsan Upol , Sakib Nazmus , Haque Md Munirul , Soron Tanjir , Saxena Devansh , Iqbal Ahamed Sheikh , Schwichtenberg Amy , Rabbani Golam , Akter Shaheen , Alam Faruq , Begum Azima , Ahmed Syed Ishtiaque
Published: July 2018

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a critical problem worldwide; however, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) often suffer more from it due to the lack of contextual research and effective care infrastructure. Moreover, ASD in LMICs offers unique challenges as cultural misperceptions and social practices often impede effective care there. However, the recent growth in mobile phone adoption in many LMICs has created a timely opportunity for improving ASD care practices through digital means. We present qualitative findings on the challenges of designing mobile assistive technologies for ASD in Bangladesh. Our data reveals a set of technical, social, and cultural challenges with caregivers and care professionals for designing a meaningful technology for them. We show how those challenges are deeply rooted in the broader infrastructural and cultural tensions of the country. We also present embedded design implications to overcome these challenges.
Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness and Risk Factors for Influenza Infection and Clinical Severity among Adults in Malawi, 2011–2013
Authors: Ho Antonia , Mallewa Jane , Peterson Ingrid , SanJoaquin Miguel , Garg Shikha , Bar-Zeev Naor , Menyere Mavis , Alaerts Maaike , Mapurisa Gugulethu , Chilombe Moses , Nyirenda Mulinda , Lalloo David G. , Rothe Camilla , Widdowson Marc-Alain , McMorrow Meredith , French Neil , Everett Dean , Heyderman Robert S.
Published: July 2018

Data on the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in adults from low-income, high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence African settings are scarce. We conducted adult SARI surveillance in Blantyre, Malawi. From January 2011 to December 2013, individuals aged ≥ 15 years with SARI (both inpatients and outpatients) were enrolled at a large teaching hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for influenza and other respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction. We estimated hospital-attended influenza-positive SARI incidence rates and assessed factors associated with influenza positivity and clinical severity (Modified Early Warning Score > 4). We enrolled 1,126 SARI cases; 163 (14.5%) were positive for influenza. Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence was 50.3%. Annual incidence of hospital-attended influenza-associated SARI was 9.7–16.8 cases per 100,000 population. Human immunodeficiency virus was associated with a 5-fold greater incidence (incidence rate ratio 4.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.83–6.32). On multivariable analysis, female gender, as well as recruitment in hot, rainy season (December to March; adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 2.82, 95% CI: 1.57–5.06) and cool, dry season (April to August; aOR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.35–4.15), was associated with influenza positivity, whereas influenza-positive patients were less likely to be HIV-infected (aOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.43–0.80) or have viral coinfection (aOR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36–0.73). Human immunodeficiency virus infection (aOR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.35–2.56) and recruitment in hot, rainy season (aOR: 4.98, 95% CI: 3.17–7.81) were independently associated with clinical severity. In this high HIV prevalence population, influenza was associated with nearly 15% of hospital-attended SARI. Human immunodeficiency virus infection is an important risk factor for clinical severity in all-cause and influenza-associated SARI. Expanded access to HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment, as well as targeted influenza vaccination, may reduce the burden of SARI in Malawi and other high HIV prevalence settings.