bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global research priorities for social, behavioural and community engagement interventions for maternal, newborn and child health
Authors: Chan Geoffrey , Storey J. Douglas , Das Manoja Kumar , Sacks Emma , Johri Mira , Kabakian-Khasholian Tamar , Paudel Deepak , Yoshida Sachiyo , Portela Anayda
Published: August 2020

Background

Social, behavioural and community engagement (SBCE) interventions are essential for global maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) strategies. Past efforts to synthesise research on SBCE interventions identified a need for clear priorities to guide future research. WHO led an exercise to identify global research priorities for SBCE interventions to improve MNCH.

Methods

We adapted the Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method and combined quantitative and qualitative methods to determine MNCH SBCE intervention research priorities applicable across different contexts. Using online surveys and meetings, researchers and programme experts proposed up to three research priorities and scored the compiled priorities against four criteria – health and social impact, equity, feasibility, and overall importance. Priorities were then ranked by score. A group of 29 experts finalised the top 10 research priorities for each of maternal, newborn or child health and a cross-cutting area.

Results

A total of 310 experts proposed 867 research priorities, which were consolidated into 444 priorities and scored by 280 experts. Top maternal and newborn health priorities focused on research to improve the delivery of SBCE interventions that strengthen self-care/family care practices and care-seeking behaviour. Child health priorities focused on the delivery of SBCE interventions, emphasising determinants of service utilisation and breastfeeding and nutrition practices. Cross-cutting MNCH priorities highlighted the need for better integration of SBCE into facility-based and community-based health services.

Conclusions

Achieving global targets for MNCH requires increased investment in SBCE interventions that build capacities of individuals, families and communities as agents of their own health. Findings from this exercise provide guidance to prioritise investments and ensure that they are best directed to achieve global objectives. Stakeholders are encouraged to use these priorities to guide future research investments and to adapt them for country programmes by engaging with national level stakeholders.
Some reflections on the use of inappropriate comparators in CEA
Authors: Sacristán José Antonio , Abellán-Perpiñán José-María , Dilla Tatiana , Soto Javier , Oliva Juan
Published: August 2020

Although the choice of the comparator is one of the aspects with a highest effect on the results of cost-effectiveness analyses, it is one of the less debated issues in international methodological guidelines. The inclusion of an inappropriate comparator may introduce biases on the outcomes and the recommendations of an economic analysis. Although the rules for cost-effectiveness analyses of sets of mutually exclusive alternatives have been widely described in the literature, in practice, they are hardly ever applied. In addition, there are many cases where the efficiency of the standard of care has never been assessed; or where the standard of care has demonstrated to be cost-effective with respect to a non-efficient option. In all these cases the comparator may lie outside the efficiency frontier, so the result of the CEA may be biased. Through some hypothetical examples, the paper shows how the complementary use of an independent reference may help to identify potential inappropriate comparators and inefficient use of resources.
Characterization of accessory genes in coronavirus genomes
Authors: Michel Christian Jean , Mayer Claudine , Poch Olivier , Thompson Julie Dawn
Published: August 2020

Background

The Covid19 infection is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a novel member of the coronavirus (CoV) family. CoV genomes code for a ORF1a / ORF1ab polyprotein and four structural proteins widely studied as major drug targets. The genomes also contain a variable number of open reading frames (ORFs) coding for accessory proteins that are not essential for virus replication, but appear to have a role in pathogenesis. The accessory proteins have been less well characterized and are difficult to predict by classical bioinformatics methods.

Methods

We propose a computational tool GOFIX to characterize potential ORFs in virus genomes. In particular, ORF coding potential is estimated by searching for enrichment in motifs of the X circular code, that is known to be over-represented in the reading frames of viral genes.

Results

We applied GOFIX to study the SARS-CoV-2 and related genomes including SARS-CoV and SARS-like viruses from bat, civet and pangolin hosts, focusing on the accessory proteins. Our analysis provides evidence supporting the presence of overlapping ORFs 7b, 9b and 9c in all the genomes and thus helps to resolve some differences in current genome annotations. In contrast, we predict that ORF3b is not functional in all genomes. Novel putative ORFs were also predicted, including a truncated form of the ORF10 previously identified in SARS-CoV-2 and a little known ORF overlapping the Spike protein in Civet-CoV and SARS-CoV.

Conclusions

Our findings contribute to characterizing sequence properties of accessory genes of SARS coronaviruses, and especially the newly acquired genes making use of overlapping reading frames.
The use of the PARIHS framework in implementation research and practice—a citation analysis of the literature
Authors: Bergström Anna , Ehrenberg Anna , Eldh Ann Catrine , Graham Ian D. , Gustafsson Kazuko , Harvey Gillian , Hunter Sarah , Kitson Alison , Rycroft-Malone Jo , Wallin Lars
Published: August 2020

Background

The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework was developed two decades ago and conceptualizes successful implementation (SI) as a function (f) of the evidence (E) nature and type, context (C) quality, and the facilitation (F), [SI = f (E,C,F)]. Despite a growing number of citations of theoretical frameworks including PARIHS, details of how theoretical frameworks are used remains largely unknown. This review aimed to enhance the understanding of the breadth and depth of the use of the PARIHS framework.

Methods

This citation analysis commenced from four core articles representing the key stages of the framework’s development. The citation search was performed in Web of Science and Scopus. After exclusion, we undertook an initial assessment aimed to identify articles using PARIHS and not only referencing any of the core articles. To assess this, all articles were read in full. Further data extraction included capturing information about where (country/countries and setting/s) PARIHS had been used, as well as categorizing how the framework was applied. Also, strengths and weaknesses, as well as efforts to validate the framework, were explored in detail.

Results

The citation search yielded 1613 articles. After applying exclusion criteria, 1475 articles were read in full, and the initial assessment yielded a total of 367 articles reported to have used the PARIHS framework. These articles were included for data extraction. The framework had been used in a variety of settings and in both high-, middle-, and low-income countries. With regard to types of use, 32% used PARIHS in planning and delivering an intervention, 50% in data analysis, 55% in the evaluation of study findings, and/or 37% in any other way. Further analysis showed that its actual application was frequently partial and generally not well elaborated.

Conclusions

In line with previous citation analysis of the use of theoretical frameworks in implementation science, we also found a rather superficial description of the use of PARIHS. Thus, we propose the development and adoption of reporting guidelines on how framework(s) are used in implementation studies, with the expectation that this will enhance the maturity of implementation science.
Sigesbeckia glabrescens Makino extract attenuated the collagen-induced arthritis through inhibiting the synovial hyperplasia and inflammation
Authors: Ma Qiu Shuo , Linghu Ke-Gang , Zhang Tian , Zhao Guan Ding , Xiong Wei , Xiong Shi Hang , Zhao Mingming , Xu Wei , Yu Juan , Yu Hua
Published: August 2020

Background

Sigesbeckia glabrescens Makino (SG) has been traditionally used for rheumatism and joint protection. However, the anti-arthritic effects and underling mechanisms of SG have not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the anti-arthritic effects and mechanisms of SG extract (SGE) on collagen-induced arthritic rats and interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated human synovial SW982 cells.

Methods

Rats were induced to arthritis by collagen for 15 days and then received SGE treatment for 35 days. The body weight and arthritis severity score of the rats were monitored weekly. At the end of the experiment, the radiographic and histological changes of rats’ hind paw were obtained; the serum C-reactive protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expression levels of interleukin (IL)- 1β, IL6 and IL-10 in the joint muscles were determined by ELISA and immunohistochemical staining; and the level of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen was detected using flow cytometry. In addition, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and scratch wound healing assay were used to evaluate the proliferation of SW982 synovial cells. ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SGE on IL-1β-induced SW982 cells and joint muscles of CIA rats.

Results

SGE attenuated the collagen-induced hind paw swelling, cartilage damage and bone erosion. SGE inhibited the synovial hyperplasia to the articular cavity in the toe joint and ankle. Moreover, SGE decreased the production of C-reactive protein in serum and the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in the joint muscles. SGE also recovered the decreased Tregs. Results from the in vitro experiments showed that SGE not only inhibited the proliferation and migration of human synovial cell but also inhibited the IL-1β-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-8. Similarly, SGE inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the expression of COX-2.

Conclusions

SGE attenuated the collagen-induced arthritis through inhibiting the synovial hyperplasia and inflammation.
First cases of contagious ovine digital dermatitis in Germany
Authors: Tegtmeyer Philip Christian , Staton Gareth James , Evans Nicholas James , Rohde Judith , Punsmann Teresa Maria , Ganter Martin
Published: August 2020

Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) is a significant disease of the ovine foot characterised by severe lameness and progressive separation of the hoof horn capsule from the underlying tissue. Similar to bovine digital dermatitis (BDD), pathogenic members of the genus Treponema including the Treponema medium phylogroup, Treponema phagedenis phylogroup and Treponema pedis are frequently found together in CODD lesions. To date, CODD was only described in Ireland and the United Kingdom. In northern Germany, cases of an unusually severe lameness presented in a sheep flock that had been affected by footrot for several years. These cases were non-responsive to conventional footrot therapies, with some sheep exhibiting substantial lesions of the claw horn that resulted in horn detachment. Lesion swab samples were collected from both clinically affected and asymptomatic animals. In all clinically affected sheep, CODD-associated Treponema phylogroups were detected by polymerase chain reaction. This is the first report of CODD in Germany and mainland Europe, indicating a wider geographic spread than previously considered. In cases of severe lameness attributed to claw lesions in sheep that fail to respond to footrot treatment, CODD should be considered irrespective of geographic location.
Molecular evidence confirms occurrence of Rhipicephalus microplus Clade A in Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kanduma Esther G. , Emery David , Githaka Naftaly W. , Nguu Edward K. , Bishop Richard P. , Šlapeta Jan
Published: August 2020

Background

The tick vectorRhipicephalus micropluswhich transmitsBabesiaspp. and rickettsial pathogens has not been reported in Kenya since 1998. More recently, the pathogenicBabesia bovishas been detected in cattle blood DNA. The status ofR. microplusin Kenya remains unknown. This study employed morphological and molecular tools to characterizeR. microplusoriginating from Kenya and assess the genetic relationships between Kenyan and other AfricanR. microplusgenotypes.

Methods

Ticks were collected in south-eastern Kenya (Kwale County) from cattle and characterized to investigate the existence ofR. microplus. Genetic and phylogenetic relationships between the Kenyan and other annotatedR. microplusreference sequences was investigated by analysis of the cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. To further characterize Kenyan ticks, we generated low coverage whole genome sequences of twoR. microplus, oneR. decoloratusandR. appendiculatus. AB. bovisspecific TaqMan probe qPCR assay was used to detectB. bovisin gDNA fromR. microplusticks.

Results

Occurrence ofR. micropluswas confirmed in Kwale County, Kenya. The KenyanR. microplus cox1 sequences showed very high pairwise identities (> 99%) and clustered very closely with reference AfricanR. microplussequences. We found a low genetic variation and lack of geographical sub-structuring among the Africancox1 sequences ofR. microplus. Four complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes for twoR. microplus, oneR. decoloratusand oneR. appendiculatuswere assembled from next generation sequence data. The mitochondrial genome sequences of the two KenyanR. microplusticks clustered closely with reference genome sequences from Brazil, USA, Cambodia and India formingR. microplusClade A. NoB. boviswas detected in the KwaleR. microplusDNA.

Conclusions

These findings confirm the presence ofR. microplusin Kenya and suggest thatR. microplusClade A is prevalent in cattle in sub-Saharan Africa. These and other recent findings of widespread occurrence ofR. microplusin Africa provide a strong justification for urgent surveillance to determine and monitor the spread ofR. microplusand vector competence ofBoophilusticks forB. bovisin Africa, with the ultimate goal of strategic control.
Long lasting response with trabectedin monotherapy in relapsed metastatic mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
Authors: Tansir Ghazal , Rastogi Sameer , Barwad Adarsh , Dhamija Ekta
Published: August 2020

Background

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is an exceedingly rare malignancy, accounting for around 5% of all patients with chondrosarcoma. It is a translocation-related sarcoma that tends to have both local and distant recurrences. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment in localised cases however treatment of advanced cases remains a challenge. The rarity of the disease precludes dedicated clinical trials and hence guidelines for its management are not well defined. The dearth in literature makes it pertinent that the cases treated with newer therapies must be reported to contribute to existing knowledge.

Case presentation

We hereby report a case of a 39-year old male without any comorbidity presenting with pelvic pain and was diagnosed as mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. He underwent an initial curative resection followed by a disease-free interval of 7 months. Subsequently, he was treated with pulmonary metastatectomy and local debulking surgery at time of initial relapse. He was then exposed to multiple lines of palliative chemotherapy, which limited our treatment options upon subsequent disease progression. Based on recent data, the patient was given trabectedin monotherapy as fourth line chemotherapy. He tolerated the therapy well and attained a progression-free survival of 12 months, which is an impactful figure in relapsed setting in this patient population.

Conclusion

This report aims to present a comprehensive review into available and newer treatment choices for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and to highlight trabectedin monotherapy as a possible therapeutic option for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the relapsed setting.
Study of economic management forecast and optimized resource allocation based on cloud computing and neural network
Authors: He Pinzhen
Published: August 2020

As various factors which affect the development of global market economy become increasingly uncertain, economy and commodity will become more and more fluctuating in economic operation. With its strong nonlinear mapping capacity, artificial neural network has already been applied in many fields, time series analysis, and trend prediction. Cloud computing can interact fast with service provider at the minimum management cost. This paper proposes an economic forecast and optimized resource allocation model based on cloud computing and BP neural network. Its main goal is to break down a complex prediction task into several sub-tasks, effectively reduce the workload of a single computer and enhance the operating efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed method does not rely on gradient information and has strong optimization calculation ability. At the same time, it can analyze and predict economic management, so as to provide strong decision support for decision makers.
Jensen–Mercer inequality for GA-convex functions and some related inequalities
Authors: İşcan İmdat
Published: August 2020

In this paper, firstly, we prove a Jensen–Mercer inequality for GA-convex functions. After that, we establish weighted Hermite–Hadamard’s inequalities for GA-convex functions using the new Jensen–Mercer inequality, and we establish some new inequalities connected with Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer type inequalities for differentiable mappings whose derivatives in absolute value are GA-convex.
Alternating iterative algorithms for the split equality problem without prior knowledge of operator norms
Authors: Yu Hai , Wang Fenghui
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we study the alternating CQ algorithm for solving the split equality problem in Hilbert spaces. It is, however, not easy to implement since its selection of the stepsize requires prior information on the norms of bounded linear operators. To avoid this difficulty, we propose several modified algorithms in which the selection of the stepsize is independent of the norms. In particular, we consider the case whenever the convex sets involved are level sets of given convex functions.
Some new Hardy-type inequalities on time scales
Authors: El-Deeb Ahmed A. , Elsennary Hamza A. , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we will prove some new dynamic inequalities of Hardy-type on time scales. Some of the integral and difference inequalities that will be derived from our results in the continuous and discrete cases are original. The main results will be proved by using the dynamic Hölder inequality, integration by parts formula on time scales, and Keller’s chain rule on time scales. We will apply the main results to the continuous calculus, discrete calculus, andq-calculus as special cases.
Existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for a new class of singular higher-order fractional differential equations with Riemann–Stieltjes integral boundary value conditions
Authors: Liu Lishan , Min Dandan , Wu Yonghong
Published: August 2020

In this work, the aim is to discuss a new class of singular nonlinear higher-order fractional boundary value problems involving multiple Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives. The boundary conditions are constituted by Riemann–Stieltjes integral boundary conditions. The existence and multiplicity of positive solutions are derived via employing the Guo–Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem. In addition, the main results are demonstrated by some examples to show their validity.
Iq-Calculus and Iq-Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for interval-valued functions
Authors: Lou Tianyi , Ye Guoju , Zhao Dafang , Liu Wei
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we introduce the Iq-derivative and Iq-integral for interval-valued functions and give their basic properties. As a promotion of q-Hermite–Hadamard inequalities, we also give the Iq-Hermite-Hadamard inequalities for interval-valued functions. At the same time, we give some examples to illustrate the results.
Spatial navigation ability is associated with the assessment of smoothness of driving during changing lanes in older drivers
Authors: Kunishige Masafumi , Miyaguchi Hideki , Fukuda Hiroshi , Iida Tadayuki , Nami Kawabata , Ishizuki Chinami
Published: August 2020

Background

Age-related changes affect driving ability, including the smoothness of driving. This operation requires the use of both allocentric strategies (based on world-centered representations) and egocentric strategies (based on self-centered representations); however, with age, a greater preference for egocentric strategies is evident when driving. Furthermore, an age-related decline occurs in both driving ability and spatial navigation. We therefore assessed the relationship between spatial navigation and driving smoothness and tested whether a driving simulator can be used to evaluate smooth lane changes in older drivers.

Methods

A total of 34 healthy older drivers (mean age: 68.2 ± 5.4 years old) and 20 younger drivers (mean age = 20.2 ± 5.4 years old) participated in this study. The smoothness of driving was assessed using a driving simulator and spatial navigation was assessed using the Card-Placing Test-A/B. We also assessed visual perception and general intellectual function using standard neuropsychological tests.

Results

Older drivers had significantly worse spatial navigation and exhibited less smooth driving than younger drivers. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between the smoothness of driving and spatial navigation within both groups. These results suggest that the deterioration in spatial navigation in older people may underlie the observed decrease in driving smoothness, and that spatial navigation and smooth driving deteriorate with age.

Conclusions

Considering these results, we found a significant correlation in the older group between the smoothness of vehicle movement and spatial navigation, in the smoothness of vehicle movement between the young and old groups. The smoothness values, which indices thoroughly derived from the driving simulator are indeed showing some evidence in ego/allocentric cognitions, which may change by age. The driving simulator could aid the development of intervention programs or assessment measures for drivers with a decreased function.
Funding social innovation for health with research funds for development
Authors: Akuffo Hannah , Soop Teresa
Published: August 2020

Why and when is it appropriate and relevant to use research funds for social innovation to support both conventional scholarly researchers and non-researchers working in collaboration?
The relationship between family function and personality traits with general self-efficacy (parallel samples studies)
Authors: Zakiei Ali , Vafapoor Hosna , Alikhani Mostafa , Farnia Vahid , Radmehr Farnaz
Published: August 2020

Background

General Self-efficacy is a key variable in clinical, educational, social, developmental, health and personality psychology that can affect the outcomes of people’s lives. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between family functions and personality traits with general self-efficacy among university students and the general population.

Methods

To conduct this two-part study, the first part was carried out on a sample of 500 students, and in the second part the study was repeated on a larger sample consisting of 1000 participants from the general population data were collected from the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). The analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Fisher’s z test and regression analysis.

Results

The results of the present study revealed that all the subscales of family functions and all personality traits are significantly related to general self-efficacy among university students and general population (p < 0.001). But in the general population, there was no significant correlation between openness to experience with general self-efficacy) (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the results of regression analysis showed subscales of family functions and all personality traits together can predict 27 and 35% of the variance in general self-efficacy among university students and the general population, respectively.

Conclusion

Personality traits play a role in predicting general self-efficacy, but the personality trait of conscientiousness plays a greater role than other personality traits and also compared to family functioning, personality traits play a greater role in predicting general self-efficacy.
Regional correlation of biochemical measures of amyloid and tau phosphorylation in the brain
Authors: Horie Kanta , Barthélemy Nicolas R. , Mallipeddi Nipun , Li Yan , Franklin Erin E. , Perrin Richard J. , Bateman Randall J. , Sato Chihiro
Published: August 2020

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathologic change is characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that consist of aggregated amyloid beta (Abeta) and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins (p-tau), respectively. Although the global relationship between Abeta and p-tau has been studied for decades, it is still unclear whether a regional correlation exists between Abeta and p-tau in the human brain. Recent studies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have suggested that tau phosphorylation at specific sites such as T217 is modified at an early stage of AD when amyloid plaques become detectable. We applied biochemical and mass spectrometry methods in human brain samples with and without Abeta plaque pathology to measure site-specific phosphorylation occupancies in soluble and insoluble tau. Our quantitative results identified multiple residues specifically hyper-phosphorylated in AD, including at sites T111, T153, S184 (or S185), T205, S208, T217, S262, and S285 in brain soluble tau. In contrast, the most enriched phosphorylated residues in brain insoluble tau were T111, S113, T153, T181, S199, S202, T205, T217, T231, S262, and S396. Tau phosphorylation occupancies in the insoluble fraction were relatively constant across brain regions, suggesting that tau has a consistent phosphorylation pattern once it has aggregated into NFTs. We did not find regional association between Abeta42 and insoluble tau. However, the phosphorylation profile of soluble tau in AD brain was highly correlated to that in AD CSF, which was analyzed in a previous study. We also found a higher regional association between total Abeta42 and soluble tau phosphorylation occupancy at residues T111, T153 and T217 in the brain. This study provides insights into regional interactions between amyloidosis and specific tau phosphorylated residues in the human brain and may explain the specific increases of tau species phosphorylation observed in AD CSF.
Correction to: Structure-guided engineering of a Thermobifida fusca cutinase for enhanced hydrolysis on natural polyester substrate
Authors: Dong Qilei , Yuan Shuguang , Wu Lian , Su Lingqia , Zhao Qiaoling , Wu Jing , Huang Weixue , Zhou Jiahai
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Natural anti-inflammatory terpenoids in Camellia japonica leaf and probable biosynthesis pathways of the metabolome
Authors: Majumder Soumya , Ghosh Arindam , Bhattacharya Malay
Published: August 2020

Background

Metabolomics of Camellia japonica leaf has been studied to identify the terpenoids present in it and their interrelations regarding biosynthesis as most of their pathways are closely situated. Camellia japonica is famous for its anti-inflammatory activity in the field of medicines and ethno-botany. In this research, we intended to study the metabolomics of Camellia japonica leaf by using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy technique.

Results

A total of twenty-nine anti-inflammatory compounds, occupying 83.96% of total area, came out in the result. Most of the metabolites are terpenoids leading with triterpenoids like squalene, lupeol, and vitamin E. In this study, the candidate molecules responsible for anti-inflammatory activity were spotted out in the leaf extract and biosynthetic relation or interactions between those components were also established.

Conclusion

Finding novel anticancer and anti-inflammatory medicinal compounds like lupeol in a large amount in Camellia japonica leaf is the most remarkable outcome of this gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. Developing probable pathway for biosynthesis of methyl commate B is also noteworthy.
Energy of inverse graphs of dihedral and symmetric groups
Authors: Ejima O. , AREMU K. O. , Audu A.
Published: August 2020

Let (G,∗) be a finite group and S={x∈G|x≠x−1} be a subset of G containing its non-self invertible elements. The inverse graph of G denoted by Γ(G) is a graph whose set of vertices coincides with G such that two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if either x∗y∈S or y∗x∈S. In this paper, we study the energy of the dihedral and symmetric groups, we show that if G is a finite non-abelian group with exactly two non-self invertible elements, then the associated inverse graph Γ(G) is never a complete bipartite graph. Furthermore, we establish the isomorphism between the inverse graphs of a subgroup Dp of the dihedral group Dn of order 2p and subgroup Sk of the symmetric groups Sn of order k! such that $2p = n!~(p,n,k \geq 3~\text {and}~p,n,k \in \mathbb {Z}^{+}).$
2
p
=
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!

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p
,
n
,
k
≥
3

and

p
,
n
,
k
∈

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.
Electronic Patient Reporting of Adverse Events and Quality of Life: A Prospective Feasibility Study in General Oncology
Authors: Kennedy Fiona , Absolom Kate , Clayton Beverly , Rogers Zoe , Gordon Kathryn , O’Connell Francischetto Elaine , Blazeby Jane M. , Brown Julia , Velikova Galina
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE:

Adverse event (AE) reporting is essential in clinical trials. Clinician interpretation can result in under-reporting; therefore, the value of patient self-reporting has been recognized. The National Cancer Institute has developed a Patient-Reported Outcomes version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE) for direct patient AE reporting. A nonrandomized prospective cohort feasibility study aimed to explore the compliance and acceptability of an electronic (Internet or telephone) system for collecting patient self-reported AEs and quality of life (QOL).

METHODS:

Oncology patients undergoing treatment (chemotherapy, targeted agents, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, and/or surgery) at 2 hospitals were sent automated weekly reminders to complete PRO-CTCAE once a week and QOL (for a maximum of 12 weeks). Patients had to speak/understand English and have access to the Internet or a touch-tone telephone. Primary outcome was compliance (proportion of expected questionnaires), and recruitment rate, attrition, and patient/staff feedback were also explored.

RESULTS:

Of 520 patients, 249 consented (47.9%)—mean age was 62 years, 51% were male, and 70% were married—and 230 remained on the study at week 12. PRO-CTCAE was completed at 2,301 (74.9%) of 3,074 timepoints and QOL at 749 (79.1%) of 947 timepoints. Individual weekly/once every 4 weeks compliance reduced over time but was more than 60% throughout. Of 230 patients, 106 (46.1%) completed 13 or more PRO-CTCAE, and 136 (59.1%) of 230 patients completed 4 QOL questionnaires. Most were completed on the Internet (82.3%; mean age, 60.8 years), which was quicker, but older patients preferred the telephone option (mean age, 70.0 years). Positive feedback was received from patients and staff.

CONCLUSION:

Self-reporting of AEs and QOL using an electronic home-based system is feasible and acceptable. Implementation of this approach in cancer clinical trials may improve the precision and accuracy of AE reporting.
Item Response Theory Modeling of the International Prostate Symptom Score in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Lyauk Yassine Kamal , Jonker Daniël M. , Lund Trine Meldgaard , Hooker Andrew C. , Karlsson Mats O.
Published: August 2020

Item response theory (IRT) was used to characterize the time course of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH-LUTS) measured by item-level International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS). The Fisher information content of IPSS items was determined and the power to detect a drug effect using the IRT approach was examined. Data from 403 patients with moderate-to-severe BPH-LUTS in a placebo-controlled phase II trial studying the effect of degarelix over 6 months were used for modeling. Three pharmacometric models were developed: a model for total IPSS, a unidimensional IRT model, and a bidimensional IRT model, the latter separating voiding and storage items. The population-level time course of BPH-LUTS in all models was described by initial improvement followed by worsening. In the unidimensional IRT model, the combined information content of IPSS voiding items represented 72% of the total information content, indicating that the voiding subscore may be more sensitive to changes in BPH-LUTS compared with the storage subscore. The pharmacometric models showed considerably higher power to detect a drug effect compared with a cross-sectional and while-on-treatment analysis of covariance, respectively. Compared with the sample size required to detect a drug effect at 80% power with the total IPSS model, a reduction of 5.9% and 11.7% was obtained with the unidimensional and bidimensional IPSS IRT model, respectively. Pharmacometric IRT analysis of the IPSS within BPH-LUTS may increase the precision and efficiency of treatment effect assessment, albeit to a more limited extent compared with applications in other therapeutic areas.
Determinants of Maternal Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System Activation in Early Pregnancy: Insights From 2 Cohorts
Authors: Wiegel Rosalieke E , Jan Danser A H , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P M , Laven Joop S E , Willemsen Sten P , Baker Valerie L , Steegers Eric A P , von Versen-Höynck Frauke
Published: August 2020

Context

The corpus luteum (CL) secretes prorenin, renin’s inactive precursor. It may thus contribute to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) activation that is required for maternal adaptation in pregnancy. Whether this activation is disturbed in pregnancies lacking a CL is unknown.

Objective

The objective of this work is to investigate maternal RAAS determinants in early pregnancy.

Design and Setting

Two observational prospective cohort studies

took place at

2 tertiary referral hospitals.

Patients and Intervention(s)

Pregnancies (n = 277) were stratified by CL number and in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol: 0 CL (programmed cycle frozen embryo transfer [FET], n = 28), 1 CL (natural cycle FET, n = 41 and spontaneous conceptions, n = 139), and more than 1 CL (ovarian stimulation and fresh embryo transfer, n = 69).

Methods

Quantification was performed for maternal prorenin, renin, and aldosterone blood levels at 5, 9, and 11 weeks of gestation.

Results

Prorenin and renin were lower in the absence of a CL at all time points when compared to 1 CL, whereas prorenin, renin, and aldosterone were higher in the presence of more than 1 CL vs 1 CL (P < .05). Ovarian stimulation with menopausal gonadotropin resulted in higher prorenin, renin, and aldosterone concentrations during the late first trimester than recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (P < .05). Prorenin, and to a lesser degree renin, correlated positively with serum progesterone and relaxin, but not serum estradiol. Total follicle diameter, body mass index (BMI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and antimüllerian hormone (AMH) were additional determinants of circulating prorenin. Finally, pregnancies conceived in the absence of a CL were more disposed to develop preeclampsia.

Conclusions

CL number, IVF protocol, BMI, PCOS, and AMH affect maternal RAAS activation in early pregnancy, and may thus contribute to pregnancy complications.
Membrane trafficking in the retinal pigment epithelium at a glance
Authors: Storm Tina , Burgoyne Thomas , Futter Clare E.
Published: August 2020

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialised pigmented monolayer sandwiched between the choroid and the photoreceptors in the retina. Key functions of the RPE include transport of nutrients to the neural retina, removal of waste products and water from the retina to the blood, recycling of retinal chromophores, absorption of scattered light and phagocytosis of the tips of the photoreceptor outer segments. These functions place a considerable membrane trafficking burden on the RPE. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we focus on RPE-specific adaptations of trafficking pathways. We outline mechanisms underlying the polarised expression of membrane proteins, melanosome biogenesis and movement, and endocytic trafficking, as well as photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis and degradation. We also briefly discuss theories of how dysfunction in trafficking pathways contributes to retinal disease.
Structural bioinformatics predicts that the Retinitis Pigmentosa-28 protein of unknown function FAM161A is a homologue of the microtubule nucleation factor Tpx2
Authors: Levine Timothy P.
Published: August 2020

Background: FAM161A is a microtubule-associated protein conserved widely across eukaryotes, which is mutated in the inherited blinding disease Retinitis Pigmentosa-28. FAM161A is also a centrosomal protein, being a core component of a complex that forms an internal skeleton of centrioles. Despite these observations about the importance of FAM161A, current techniques used to examine its sequence reveal no homologies to other proteins.

Methods: Sequence profiles derived from multiple sequence alignments of FAM161A homologues were constructed by PSI-BLAST and HHblits, and then used by the profile-profile search tool HHsearch, implemented online as HHpred, to identify homologues. These in turn were used to create profiles for reverse searches and pair-wise searches. Multiple sequence alignments were also used to identify amino acid usage in functional elements.

Results: FAM161A has a single homologue: the targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein-2 (Tpx2), which is a strong hit across more than 200 residues. Tpx2 is also a microtubule-associated protein, and it has been shown previously by a cryo-EM molecular structure to nucleate microtubules through two small elements: an extended loop and a short helix. The homology between FAM161A and Tpx2 includes these elements, as FAM161A has three copies of the loop, and one helix that has many, but not all, properties of the one in Tpx2.

Conclusions: FAM161A and ­its homologues are predicted to be a previously unknown variant of Tpx2, and hence bind microtubules in the same way. This prediction allows precise, testable molecular models to be made of FAM161A-microtubule complexes.
Marja Kallasmaa 70 [in English]
Authors: Laansalu Tiina , Päll Peeter
Published: August 2020

Marja Kallasmaa 70 [in English].
Marja ja Veikko, Sirje ja Aare – omakeelsed nimed Soomes ja Eestis 19. sajandist tänapäevani
Authors: Saarelma-Paukkala Minna , Hussar Annika
Published: August 2020

Soome ja Eesti eesnimekasutuses on olulisi sarnasusi. Nagu mujalgi Euroopas kaasnes 19. sajandil mõlemal maal rahvusliku eneseteadvuse kasvuga soov luua omakeelne eesnimevara. Soomet võib pidada Eesti otseseks eeskujuks, kuivõrd sealt on laenatud ka rida nimesid. Paralleelsusi on näha omakeelsete nimede kasutusele tulekus: uute nimede moodustamises, levitusviisides ja omaksvõtus. Ka ajaliselt kujunes Soome eelkäijaks ning Eestis toimusid samalaadsed uuendused paarkümmend aastat hiljem. Artiklis vaadeldakse omakeelseid nimesid kitsamas tähenduses, st oma keelele toetuvate nimedena esitletud nimesid.

Abstract. Minna Saarelma-Paukkala and Annika Hussar: Names of native origin in Estonia and Finland from the 19th century to today. A significant change occurred in Finland and Estonia in the second half of the 19th century: given names of native origin were taken into use in addition to international names. Similar changes occurred in many other European countries in connection with the rise in national consciousness. Similar techniques were used in the creation of new names: heathen names in old documents; names from the folklore and mythology; artificially created names; names were translated. There are names which can be interpreted as versions of international names as well as names of native origin. In Estonia, it was recommended to borrow names from closely related languages and Finnish names were primarily borrowed. The Finns have borrowed some Estonian names. The spread of new names was facilitated by their introduction in calendars, their occurrence in the epos and fiction. As of the end of the 19th century, Finland has been ahead of Estonia in terms of time. Already in the last decades of the 19th century, approximately one tenth of children were given names of native origin in Finland. The peak years arrived in the 1930s–1940s when about one third of children were given characteristically Finnish names, girls more often than boys. In Estonia, the peak of female names of native origin occurred at the same time, approximately half of the girls were given names of native origin. Today, naming has become more and more individual, and names of native origin provide plenty of opportunities. In Finland, precisely the names of native origin constitute the source of uniqueness at the moment. In Estonia, the share of persons with unique names has been higher for a longer period of time, but on the account of many versions and spellings. Innovation in names in the 19th–20th centuries has had continuous impact on the use of names by Estonians and Finns. Both languages are full of examples of how certain agreeable structures, sound combinations or name elements will be repeated and reiterated in new names of individual creation.
Treatment of names in Zambia and Estonia: A comparative analysis
Authors: Chanda Osward , Päll Peeter
Published: August 2020

Names constitute a key component of the cultural heritage of any region. Though geographically, culturally and linguistically apart, Estonia and Zambia share some elements and motivations in naming. Zambia’s British colonial experience and Estonia’s Danish, German, Polish, Swedish and Russian/ Soviet influence in the past made significant changes to personal and place names in both regions. Following independence, both states made strides in the indigenisation of names for promoting local heritage and national identity. Zambia predominantly focused on changing the names of some towns, and of the country (from Northern Rhodesia to Zambia). On the other hand, the Estonian onomastic experience has been more comprehensive – regulating both personal and place names, enacting corresponding laws and maintaining the Institute of the Estonian Language to oversee language and name planning, among other responsibilities.

Kokkuvõte. Osward Chanda ja Peeter Päll: Nimekorraldus Sambias ja Eestis: võrdlev analüüs. Artikkel vaatleb Sambia ja Eesti nimesituatsiooni erinevusi ja sarnasusi. Sambia on mitmekeelne maa, ametikeel on inglise; Eesti on ametlikult ükskeelne maa, praktikas käibivad eesti keele kõrval ka vene ja inglise keel. Sambia isikunimedes on perekonnanimed valdavalt kohalikku päritolu, eesnimed enamjaolt euroopalikud; kohanimed on valdavalt ühekordsed. Sambias ei ole erinevalt Eestist nimeseadusi isiku- ja kohanimede reguleerimiseks. Ühine on mõlema maa puhul asjaolu, et ajaloos on varem domineerinud võõrvõimud, mis on jätnud jälje nimepilti. Kui proovida sõnastada universaalseid nimekorralduspõhimõtteid, siis võiksid need olla 1) nimede kui kultuuripärandi kaitse; 2) kohalike nimekujude eelistamine; 3) nimede keeleline korrektsus, 4) oma kultuuriidentiteedi hoidmine, 5) nimede pragmaatiliste aspektide (eristatavus, nimeinfo kättesaadavus jm) arvestamine.
Emotion regulation in binge eating disorder
Authors: Walenda Anna , Bogusz Krzysztof , Kopera Maciej , Jakubczyk Andrzej , Wojnar Marcin , Kucharska Katarzyna
Published: August 2020

Przegląd literatury badań z zakresu regulacji emocji w zespole kompulsywnego objadania się, (BED) opublikowanej w języku polskim i angielskim w latach 1990 - 2020. BED może być rozumiane jako impulsywne i kompulsywne zaburzenie, związane ze zmienioną wrażliwością w aktywacji układu nagrody oraz stronniczością uwagi skierowaną na jedzenie. Wyniki badań neuroobrazowych dowodzą istnienia zmian w obwodach korowo-prążkowiowych u osób z BED, podobnych do tych obserwowanych w uzależnieniu od substancji psychoaktywnych, m.in. zmieniona funkcja kory przedczołowej, okołooczodołowej, prążkowia oraz wyspy. Negatywne emocje oraz deficyty w ich regulacji odgrywają znaczącą rolę w BED. Szczególnie istotne w tym zaburzeniu wydają się: gniew, lęk oraz smutek. Badania zidentyfikowały wzrost negatywnych emocji, poprzedzający epizody objadania się. Jednakże wciąż w literaturze badań brakuje konsensusu czy omawiane epizody redukują negatywny afekt. Osoby z BED częściej wykorzystują nieadaptacyjne strategie regulacji emocji, takie jak ruminacja oraz tłumienie negatywnych uczuć. Rzadziej natomiast adaptacyjne, takie jak poznawcza reinterpretacja. Implikacje kliniczne, poza farmakoterapią, uwzględniają wysoką skuteczność wzmocnionej terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej (CBT-E), terapii dialektyczno-behawioralnej (DBT) oraz psychoterapii psychodynamicznej w leczeniu zaburzonej regulacji emocji w BED. Dalsze badania, z wyszczególnieniem obiecującej metody Ecological momentary assessment (EMA), powinny skupiać się na zmianach emocji związanych z cyklem objadania się oraz identyfikacji czynników wzmacniających.
Practical guidelines for management of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized in a child and adolescent psychiatric ward
Authors: Herman Anna , Filip Krzysztof , Wanke-Rytt Monika , Wolańczyk Tomasz
Published: August 2020

Epidemia nowej choroby koronawirusowej (COVID-19) stworzyła wyzwanie dla systemu ochrony zdrowia psychicznego we wszystkich krajach, w tym w Polsce, w zakresie zapewnienia opieki osobom z zaburzeniami psychicznymi, psychicznymi, przy jednoczesnej konieczności zapobiegania rozprzestrzenianiu COVID-19. W ramach ambulatoryjnej opieki psychiatrycznej w Polsce świadczone są usługi online. Problemem pozostaje opieka nad pacjentami z ciężkimi zaburzeniami psychicznymi, oraz z podejrzeniem lub z potwierdzonym zachorowaniem na COVID-19, którzy muszą być leczeni w szpitalu psychiatrycznym. Oddział Kliniczny Psychiatrii Wieku Rozwojowego Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego został wyznaczony przez Wojewodę Mazowieckiego do przyjmowania dzieci i młodzieży wymagających hospitalizacji psychiatrycznej w trybie nagłym z potwierdzonym COVID-19 lub mających objawy świadczące o zakażeniu nim. Stworzyło to pilną potrzebę dostosowania naszego oddziału do leczenia pacjentów zakażonych COVID-19. O ile wiemy, nie są dostępne żadne wytyczne w języku angielskim dotyczące zarządzania szpitalami psychiatrycznymi w okresie epidemii COVID-19. W niniejszej pracy prezentujemy stworzone przez nas wytyczne dotyczące postępowanie personelu medycznego Oddziału Psychiatrii Wieku Rozwojowego w stosunku do pacjentów z podejrzeniem lub potwierdzeniem COVID-19 w celu zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa pacjentom i personelowi.