bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EEG Markers in Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder—A Possible Outcome Measure for Neurofeedback: A Narrative Review
Authors: Boland Cailín , Jalihal Virupakshi , Organ Catriona , Oak Katy , McLean Brendan , Laugharne Richard , Woldman Wessel , Beck Randy , Shankar Rohit
Published: July 2020

Objectives. There is growing evidence for the use of biofeedback (BF) in affective disorders, dissocial personality disorder, and in children with histories of abuse. Electroencephalogram (EEG) markers could be used as neurofeedback in emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) management especially for those at high risk of suicide when emotionally aroused. This narrative review investigates the evidence for EEG markers in EUPD. Methods. PRISMA guidelines were used to conduct a narrative review. A structured search method was developed and implemented in collaboration with an information specialist. Studies were identified via 3 electronic database searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO. A predesigned inclusion/exclusion criterion was applied to selected papers. A thematic analysis approach with 5 criteria was used. Results. From an initial long list of 5250 papers, 229 studies were identified and screened, of which 44 met at least 3 of the predesigned inclusion criteria. No research to date investigates EEG-based neurofeedback in EUPD. A number of different EEG biomarkers are identified but there is poor consistency between studies. Conclusions. The findings heterogeneity may be due to the disorder complexity and the variable EEG related parameters studied. An alternative explanation may be that there are a number of different neuromarkers, which could be clustered together with clinical symptomatology, to give new subdomains. Quantitative EEGs in particular may be helpful to identify more specific abnormalities. EEG standardization of neurofeedback protocols based on specific EEG abnormalities detected may facilitate targeted use of neurofeedback as an intervention in EUPD.
Posh Pipeline: Gaining College Admission at Any Cost
Authors: Godfrey Jenifer F. , Brown Amber M. , Hubbard Rebecca E. , Clayton Ashley B.
Published: July 2020

The President of prestigious Beacon University is dealing with a nationwide scandal involving its admissions and athletics operations. For years, a network of corrupt admissions consultants, standardized test proctors, and college coaches operated a lucrative underground pipeline into top universities, and it has recently infiltrated Beacon. Under the piercing scrutiny of global media attention, the President must develop a strategy to lead Beacon University through the turbulence caused by an FBI investigation and criminal prosecutions associated with the scandal.
Efficacy and safety of PulseRider for treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysm—A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pranata Raymond , Yonas Emir , Vania Rachel , Sidipratomo Prijo , July Julius
Published: July 2020

Objective

PulseRider is a novel self-expanding nickel-titanium (nitinol) stent for treatment of wide-necked aneurysms, which is commonly located at the arterial branches in the brain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of PulseRider for treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysm.

Method

We performed a systematic literature search on articles that evaluate the efficacy and safety of PulseRider-assisted coiling of the wide-necked aneurysm from several electronic databases. The primary endpoint was adequate occlusion, defined as Raymond-Roy Class I + Raymond-Roy Class II upon immediate angiography and at six-month follow-up.

Results

There were a total of 157 subjects from six studies. The rate of adequate occlusion on immediate angiography was 90% (95% CI, 85%–94%) and 91% (95% CI, 85%–96%) at six-month follow-up. Of these, Raymond-Roy Class I can be observed in 48% (95% CI, 41%–56%) of aneurysms immediately after coiling, and 64% (95% CI, 55%–72%) of aneurysms on six-month follow-up. Raymond-Roy Class II was found in 30% (95% CI, 23%–37%) of aneurysms immediately after coiling, and 25% (17–33) after six-month follow-up. Complications occur in 5% (95% CI, 1%–8%) of the patients. There were three intraoperative aneurysm rupture, three thrombus formation, three procedure-related posterior cerebral artery strokes, one vessel dissection, and one delayed device thrombosis. There was no procedure/device-related death.

Conclusions

PulseRider-assisted coiling for treatment of patients with wide-necked aneurysm reached 90% adequate occlusion rate that rises up to 91% at sixth month with 5% complication rate.
On the cutting force of micro-textured polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutting tool for powder metallurgy materials
Authors: Yang Haidong , Han Zhengguang , Xia Xiquan , Wang Qidong , Zhang Juchen , Chang Weijie , Qing Zhenhua , Tang Huohong , Chen Shunhua
Published: July 2020

Micro-textured cutting tools were widely reported due to the improved cutting performance, for example, the reduction of cutting forces. However, the cutting performance is significantly dependent on the parameters of the micro-textures. In this work, some polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tools with designed circular micro-textures were designed and manufactured by laser processing technology, and used to machine powder metallurgy materials. The effect of micro-texture parameters (diameter, depth and density) on the cutting forces ( FX, FY, FZ and Fr) was studied by an orthogonal test, the effect of cutting velocity on the cutting force was also studied. The results have shown that the pit diameter and depth have more significant effect on the cutting forces than the cutting velocity and pit density. As compared with the non-textured tools, the textured tools can effectively reduce the cutting forces and the optimal cutting forces were achieved at parameters as 230 μm for diameter, 90 μm for depth, 20% for density and 110 m/min for cutting velocity. The present findings are of significance for the design of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride cutting tools and the processing of powder metallurgy materials.
Voices of Singapore national beach volleyball female athletes: What is an ideal coach?
Authors: Lau Ee Shan , Chung Ho Jin , Hwa Michael Chia Yong
Published: July 2020

A coach has a great influence on athletes’ performance and development. Communication and coaching styles that work with male athletes may not be effective in female athletes. The alignment of coaching to the preferences of female athletes is important for effective coaching and their holistic development. Therefore, it is essential to understand how female athletes perceive an ideal coach. The purpose of this research is to uncover how Singapore national beach volleyball female athletes voice about an ideal coach. Seven Singapore national beach volleyball female athletes were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The three main themes are – understanding the female athletes, being a role model with responsibility, and possessing rich experience as a coach and athlete. The three main themes that were developed from the voices of the Singapore national beach volleyball female athletes are supported by the literature on transformational coaching in terms of these components: idealized influence and individualized consideration. The findings of this research could help to establish a more comfortable, trusting and well-communicated training environment for female athletes.
Selling the role of salvage: Cell salvage past and present
Authors: Godfrey Lucy
Published: July 2020

The use of transfused blood, be it from an allogenic (donor) or autologous (same patient) source, is not a new treatment and in fact has been experimented with since the mid 1800s. The role of cell salvage and re-infusion of a patient’s own blood, however, has only begun to gain real popularity in the last 20 years, after the undertaking of several large scale meta-analyses which have shown that not only is autologous transfusion no less efficacious when compared to allogenic transfusion, but also potentially safer for a number of reasons. Autologous transfusion is also more cost effective overall and potentially quicker to initiate in an emergency situation. Despite the body of evidence to support the use of salvaged blood for transfusion, hesitation around its use still persists, with staff apprehension around set up of cell salvage equipment and general underestimation of intraoperative blood loss being key factors in its underuse.
COVID-19 preparedness and response at a large UK major trauma operating theatres department
Authors: Britton Carolina R , Hayman Gareth , Macfarlane Claudia , Alawattegama Hemantha , Ballecer Jasper , Stroud Nicola , Wallace Alexander
Published: July 2020

This article aims to describe the early experience of a large major trauma operating theatres department in the East of England during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To date and to our knowledge, a small amount of reports describing a surgical department’s response to this unprecedented pandemic have been published, but a well-documented account from within the United Kingdom (UK) has not yet been reported in the literature. We describe our preparation and response, including: operating theatres management during the COVID-19 pandemic, operational aspects and communication, leadership and support. The process review of measures presented covers approximately the two-month period between March and May 2020 and emphasises the fluidity of procedures needed. We discuss how significant challenges were overcome to secure implementation and reliable oversight. The visible presence of clinical leads well sighted on every aspect of the response guaranteed standardisation of procedures, while sustaining a vital feedback loop. Finally, we conclude that an effective response requires rapid analysis of the complex problem that is of providing care for patients intraoperatively during the COVID-19 pandemic, and that retrospective sense-making is essential to maintain adaptability.
Speaking up in the perioperative setting
Authors: Dorrance Mark
Published: July 2020

Patient safety is a key role for all staff who work in the perioperative environment. Being able to raise concerns and have these concerns listened to is a big part of maintaining patient safety. Freedom to Speak Up Guardians were introduced to assist health care workers in raising concerns; however, their access to perioperative areas may be restricted. This article therefore looks to explain the role of Freedom to Speak Up Guardians and how this new role impacts on how concerns should be raised.
How Politics Shape Views Toward Fact-Checking: Evidence from Six European Countries
Authors: Lyons Ben , Mérola Vittorio , Reifler Jason , Stoeckel Florian
Published: July 2020

Fact-checking has spread internationally, in part to confront the rise of digital disinformation campaigns. American studies suggests ideological asymmetry in attitudes toward fact-checking, as well as greater acceptance of the practice among those more interested in and knowledgeable about politics. We examine attitudes toward fact-checking across six European counties to put these findings in a broader context ( N = 6,067). We find greater familiarity with and acceptance of fact-checking in Northern Europe (Sweden and Germany) than elsewhere (Italy, Spain, France, and Poland). We further find two dimensions of political antipathy: a left–right dimension and an “anti-elite” dimension (including dissatisfaction with democracy and negative feelings toward the European Union), the latter of which more consistently predicts negative feelings toward fact-checkers in the countries examined. Our findings demonstrate that despite general acceptance of the movement, significant political divides remain. Those less likely to trust fact-checkers could be more vulnerable to disinformation targeting these divides, leading to a spiral of cynicism.
Malnutrition in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Choi Jihoon T. , Yoshida Brandon , Jalali Omid , Hatch George F.
Published: July 2020

Context:

Malnutrition is well-studied in various aspects of the orthopaedic literature, most commonly in relation to arthroplasty, spine surgery, and trauma. However, the management of nutritional deficiencies is commonly overlooked among orthopaedic sports medicine providers. The purpose of this article is to analyze the available sports medicine literature to review the associations between malnutrition and the management of orthopaedic sports medicine patients from a treatment and performance standpoint.

Evidence Acquisition:

PubMed was searched for relevant articles published from 1979 to 2019.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

Few studies exist on the implications of macronutrient deficiencies specific to orthopaedic sports medicine procedures. Interestingly, micronutrient disorders—namely, hypovitaminosis D and iron deficiency—have been well studied and may lead to worse postoperative outcomes, injury rates, and athletic performance. Nutritional supplementation to correct such deficiencies has been shown to mitigate these effects, though further study is required.

Conclusion:

Nutritional deficiencies are highly prevalent in orthopaedic sports medicine patients, and practitioners should be aware of their potential effects on treatment and performance outcomes. Management of such deficiencies and their effect on surgical patients remain an area of potential future research. Future studies are warranted in order to explore the potential therapeutic role of nutritional supplementation to prevent complications after common orthopaedic sports medicine procedures, improve athletic performance, and reduce injury rates.
Increased cryptococcal meningitis mortality among HIV negative, non-transplant patients: a single US center cohort study
Authors: Motoa Gabriel , Pate Amy , Chastain Daniel , Mann Sarah , Canfield Gregory S. , Franco-Paredes Carlos , Henao-Martínez Andrés F.
Published: July 2020

Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is an opportunistic fungal infection associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other forms of immunosuppression. We lack a clear understanding of CM associated mortality among HIV-negative, non-transplant patients in the United States (US). This article compares clinical features and outcomes across HIV status in patients with laboratory-confirmed CM.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was performed that included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed CM treated at an academic tertiary hospital between January 2000 and September 2018. Those with a history of organ transplant or non-meningeal infections were excluded. Data were gathered on demographics, HIV status, clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles, neurological outcomes, hospital course, and mortality.

Results:

A total of 70 patients with cryptococcal disease were identified. Our final sample included 36 CM patients, mean age was 48.8 ± 13.2 years; of this group, 66.7% ( n = 24) had HIV. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] absolute CD4 count for the HIV group was 35 cells/μl (10–80 cells/μl). Non-HIV/non-transplant patients were significantly older ( p < 0.001) and had higher rates of altered mental status (AMS) on presentation (58.3% versus 25%, p = 0.05). Non-HIV patients/non-transplant patients had significantly higher CSF white blood cell (WBC) count ( p = 0.02), lower CSF glucose ( p = 0.005), and higher CSF protein ( p < 0.001) compared with HIV patients. There was no significant variation in temperature, blood pressure, WBC count, serum sodium, CSF opening pressure, length of stay, intensive care unit admission, or neurological outcomes. Overall, 90-day all-cause mortality was 19.4%: mortality rates were significantly higher in non-HIV/non-transplant patients at both 90 days (41.7% versus 8.3%, p = 0.017) and 1 year (41.7% versus 12.5%, p = 0.047).

Conclusion:

Compared with HIV-infected individuals, non-HIV/non-transplant CM patients have a higher CSF WBC count at the time of diagnosis, higher rates of AMS on presentation, and higher rates of 90-day and 1-year all-cause mortality. Further prospective research is needed to identify the hallmarks of CM in non-HIV/non-transplant patients to facilitate early identification and intervention.
The Roles of Music in Effecting Change: Considerations about Public Policy
Authors: King Elaine C.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to consider questions, issues, and debates about music in public policy, a topic that featured in the final session of the Musics, Selves and Societies workshop at the University of Cambridge in June 2018. The first part of this article provides a backdrop by defining key terminology and describing the political environment in relation to music, specifically in the UK. It deciphers the scope of the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) alongside public, professional, and charitable bodies as well as learned societies. The second part highlights three main areas of focus that were identified in the final session of the workshop: considerations about the value of music; considerations about the meaning of music; and considerations about policy-making. Each of these areas are discussed in turn before final remarks are put forward about steps for managing change.
The Paradoxes of Student Well-being in Singapore
Authors: Ng Pak Tee
Published: July 2020

Purpose:

Singapore’s education system is known for its robust curriculum and excellent results. It is also a system of keen competitiveness and high pressure. This article addresses how such an education system responds to the issue of student well-being.

Design/Approach/Methods:

This article analyses the recent initiatives and shift in education philosophy in Singapore’s education system, which have a bearing on the issue of student well-being.

Findings:

This article argues that while there are direct efforts to address student well-being, the direction Singapore is taking is to pursue a holistic education paradigm, in which education is engaging, joyful, meaningful, and values-based. This article also argues that such a paradigm goes beyond the current well-being agenda and is aligned with a view that education should be about wholeness and purpose. While there are challenges associated with these changes, the Singapore experience suggests that the more we focus on holistic education, rather than interpret student well-being narrowly, the more wellness the students may actually and eventually experience.

Originality/Value:

This article brings to readers learning points from Singapore regarding student well-being, as the country grapples with change to develop a generation of young people, whose beings are and will continue to be well.
Is Use of Topical Vancomycin in Pediatric Spine Surgeries a Safe Option in the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections? A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Sathish Muthu , Girinivasan Chellamuthu
Published: July 2020

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:

To systematically review the available articles on topical vancomycin powder (TVP) use in pediatric spine surgeries exploring the usefulness and safety of such practice.

Methods:

We conducted an independent and duplicate electronic database search in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library till March 2020 to identify all relevant literature on the use of TVP for pediatric spine surgeries. Surgical site infection (SSI) rate, specific reported complications, reoperation rate, microbial flora pattern in reported SSIs, and safety profile were the outcomes analyzed. Analysis was performed with the R platform using OpenMeta[Analyst] software.

Results:

No prospective studies were available to evaluate the use of TVP in pediatric spine surgeries for the prevention of SSIs. Neither standardized protocol, nor drug dosage, nor safety profile was established for pediatric use. Three retrospective cohort studies including 824 patients (TVP/control: 400/424) were included in the meta-analysis. There was low-quality evidence suggesting no significant difference between the 2 groups in SSI rate (RR = 0.474; 95% CI = [0.106,2.112]; P = .327) with significant heterogeneity ( I2 = 70.14; P = .035). The TVP group showed a significant benefit on cost analysis in one of the included studies. However, TVP did not prevent gram-negative coinfection on SSI in the TVP group.

Conclusion:

From the literature available at present, TVP does not qualify to be recommended as a safe and useful option to prevent SSI following pediatric spine surgeries. High-quality prospective interventional studies are needed to arrive at a consensus on its use along with appropriate dosage and method of application.
Antihyperalgesic effect of exercise is augmented by the oral pretreatment with extract of Casearia sylvestris in an animal model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Pascoalino Shayany Dalbem , Lüdtke Daniela Dero , Heymanns Ana Caroline , Salm Daiana , Costa Déborah M , Martins Daniel Fernandes , Horewicz Verônica V , Bobinski Franciane , Piovezan Anna Paula
Published: July 2020

Background/Purpose:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the main orthopedic disease to cause pain and edema in humans. This study evaluated the influence of complementary medicine on the hyperalgesia and edema induced by exercise in an animal model of OA as well as possible role for interleukin (IL)-1β to these outcomes.

Methods:

Mice (25–35 g) were subjected to intraplantar injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant and were subjected to exercise and oral treatment with ethanolic crude extract of Casearia sylvestris (ECE-CS) or vehicle (alone or in combination) and evaluated through behavioral and biochemical tests.

Results:

At day 5, exercise and ECE-CS alone did not reduce hyperalgesia, while the combination of both enhanced this effect. In muscle and skin tissues from the treated paw of mice, both treatments alone or in combination reduced in similar extent the levels of IL-1β in relation to the control group.

Conclusion:

Association of both complementary therapies may bring benefits on pain associated with OA in humans.
The EU’s CFSP/CSDP in 2030: Towards an alternative vision of power?
Authors: Baciu Cornelia-Adriana , Friede Alexandra M
Published: July 2020

This article argues that the lack of an effective, coherent and progressive EU grand strategy that is able to streamline efforts and produce collective goods, both at home and in the world, is culpable for the EU’s gradual decline until 2030. The lack of European-wide strategic thinking creates the conditions for an existential crisis of the EU. The EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy/Common Security and Defence Policy is the most striking example: it fails to manage the EU27 expectations, build up sufficient military and civilian capabilities, deliver tangible results and, consequently, lacks credibility. This has repercussions for the EU’s level of ambition. Until 2030, more and more states drop out of EU initiatives and search for alternative fora to make their voices heard in international politics. The powerlessness of the EU also weakens its most important allies: the United States and NATO. This creates a power vacuum to be filled by more ambitious players, such as China or Russia, which seek to diffuse their view of global (dis)order. To avoid this future, we argue that the EU should (1) embrace an alternative vision of power, (2) strengthen the legitimacy of its internal and external policymaking and (3) engage strategically in global affairs on the basis of a firm commitment to NATO-EU cooperation.
The Role of the Essay Genre and Contextual Influences in Shaping Adult English Learners’ Choices About Sociocultural Resources
Authors: Ivanyuk Lyudmyla
Published: July 2020

In this multiple case study, I examine relationships among the essay genre, contextual influences, sociocultural resources, and choices made by four adult English learners enrolled in an English composition course at a community college. My primary objective is to provide an expanded view of the writing processes used by adult English learners. The research draws heavily on participants’ sociocultural realities before and after their arrival in the United States. The patterns in the data showed that the essay genre along with context significantly contributed to participants’ agentive capacity. The essay genre, in particular, determined the types of competencies they needed to demonstrate, while contextual influences shaped the available resources and their access to those resources.
This Is Us: Discourses of Community Within and Beyond Literacy Research
Authors: Haddix Marcelle M.
Published: July 2020

In this 2019 presidential address, I reflect on the significance of community across four areas: with youth and in school communities, within literacy teacher education, in community-engaged theories and methodologies, and within the professional organization. How do we define and understand community? Who and what is included and excluded? As a literacy research community, who are we becoming and who do we want to be? Drawing from historical and contemporary examples within and beyond literacy research, I take a look back and at the present to examine discourses of community and imagine possibilities for the future.
Characterization of Geriatric Dysphagia Diagnoses in Age‐Based Cohorts
Authors: Applebaum Jeremy , Lee Emerson , Harun Aisha , Davis Ashley , Hillel Alexander T. , Best Simon R. , Akst Lee M.
Published: July 2020

Objective

An aging population requires increased focus on geriatric otolaryngology. Patients aged ≥65 years are not a homogenous population, and important physiologic differences have been documented among the young‐old (65‐74 years), middle‐old (75‐84), and old‐old (≥85). We aim to analyze differences in dysphagia diagnoses and swallowing‐related quality‐of‐life among these age subgroups.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care laryngology clinic.

Subjects and Methods

We identified chief complaint, diagnosis, and self‐reported swallowing handicap (Eating Assessment Tool [EAT‐10] score) of all new patients aged ≥65 years presenting to the Johns Hopkins Voice Center between April 2015 and March 2017. Dysphagia diagnoses were classified by physiologic etiology and anatomic source. Diagnostic categories and EAT‐10 score were evaluated as functions of patient age and sex.

Results

Of 839 new patients aged ≥65 years, 109 (13.0%) reported a chief complaint of dysphagia and were included in this study. The most common dysphagia etiologies were neurologic and esophageal. Most common diagnoses were diverticula (15.6%), reflux (13.8%), and radiation induced (8.3%). Diverticula, cricopharyngeal hypertonicity, and radiation‐induced changes were associated with higher EAT‐10 score (P <. 001). Significant differences by sex were found in anatomic source of dysphagia, as men and women were more likely to present with oropharyngeal and esophageal disease, respectively (P =. 023). Dysphagia etiology and EAT‐10 score were similar across age subgroups.

Conclusion

Important differences among dysphagia diagnosis and EAT‐10 score exist among patients aged ≥65 years. Knowledge of these differences may inform diagnostic workup, management, and further investigations in geriatric otolaryngology.
The Feasibility and Efficacy of a Brief Integrative Treatment for Adults With Depression and/or Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lopresti Adrian L. , Smith Stephen J. , Metse Alexandra P. , Foster Tiffany , Drummond Peter D.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and suitability of a brief integrative intervention, Personalized Integrative Therapy (PI Therapy), for the treatment of adult depression and/or anxiety. In this 6-week, 3-arm, parallel-group, randomized trial, PI Therapy delivered alone or with nutritional supplements (PI Therapy + Supps) was compared to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in 48 adults with depression and/or anxiety. All treatments were delivered as a 1-day workshop plus 6 weeks of reminder phone text messages to reinforce topics and skills covered in the workshop. Affective symptoms decreased significantly and to the same extent in all 3 conditions. At the end of treatment, 33% to 58% of participants reported levels of depressive symptoms in the normal range, and 50% to 58% reported nonclinical levels of anxiety. Compared to CBT and PI Therapy, PI Therapy + Supps was associated with significantly greater improvements in sleep quality. These findings suggest that a brief integrative intervention with or without supplements was comparable to CBT in reducing affective symptoms in adults with depression and/or anxiety. However, sleep quality improved only in the PI Therapy + Supps condition. These findings will require replication with a larger cohort.
Dividual identity in grief theories, palliative and bereavement care
Authors: Davies Douglas J.
Published: July 2020

Methods:

As in life at large, ideas of ‘self’ underlie a great deal of theory and practice in palliative care and in bereavement care, they are frequently implicit, being part of shared cultural assumptions, but may assume a degree of theoretical abstraction when fostered by professionals. This article considers the latter, arguing for an interpretation of ‘self’ influenced by the anthropological notion of dividual or composite personhood and not for that of the autonomous, relatively insular individual typified in much postmodern culture.

Results:

After depicting both types of personhood, the article explores Western theories of grief typified in the approaches of attachment and loss, continuing bonds with the dead and narrative approaches to identity.

Discussion:

The dividual approach to personhood then drives a theoretical critique of those grief theories as a means of reflecting upon palliative and bereavement care.

Conclusion

This alignment of palliative and bereavement care is seen as an entailment of the dividual approach to personhood, while further consequences are raised for analysing memory, dreams and visitations of the dead, as well as providing a potential perspective upon memory loss and the dissonance experienced by relatives of someone who no longer recognizes them.
Crystal chemistry of the variscite and metavariscite groups: Crystal structures of synthetic CrAsO4⋅2H2O, TlPO4⋅2H2O, MnSeO4⋅2H2O, CdSeO4⋅2H2O and natural bonacinaite, ScAsO4⋅2H2O
Authors: Kolitsch Uwe , Weil Matthias , Kovrugin Vadim M. , Krivovichev Sergey V.
Published: July 2020

We report the crystal structures of four synthetic members of the variscite group (space group typePbca) and of bonacinaite, the first naturally occurring scandium arsenate member of the metavariscite group. All structures were determined using single-crystal X-ray intensity data. The following members were all synthesised under either mild hydrothermal conditions or by wet-chemical methods (<90°C). CrAsO4⋅2H2O (deep green):a= 8.894(2),b= 9.946(2),c= 10.206(2) Å andV= 902.8(3) Å3;R1= 2.14%. Tl3+PO4⋅2H2O (colourless):a= 10.2848(7),b= 8.8578(6),c= 10.3637(7) Å andV= 944.14(11) Å3(data at –173°C);R1= 2.56%. MnSeO4⋅2H2O (pale pink):a= 10.441(2),b= 9.2410(18),c= 10.552(2) Å andV= 1018.1(3) Å3;R1= 2.19%. A different method of preparation of MnSeO4⋅2H2O yielded crystals with very similar unit-cell parameters,a= 10.4353(5),b= 9.2420(5) andc= 10.5349(6) Å;R1= 2.25%. CdSeO4⋅2H2O (colourless) hasa= 10.481(1),b= 9.416(1),c= 10.755(1) Å andV= 1061.4(2) Å3;R1= 1.53%. The thermal behaviour of the two selenate members was studied by a combination of DSC and TG, supplemented by PXRD. Bonacinaite (IMA2018-056), metavariscite-type natural (Sc,Al)(As,P)O4⋅2H2O (ideally ScAsO4⋅2H2O), crystallises in the space groupP21/n, witha= 5.533(1),b= 10.409(2),c= 9.036(2) Å, β = 91.94(3)° andV= 520.11(18) Å3;R1= 3.66%. The structural formula, supported by chemical analysis, is (Sc0.807(1)Al0.193)(As0.767(7)P0.233)O4⋅2H2O. All structures are based on frameworks built by corner-sharing of TO4tetrahedra (T = P5+, As5+or Se6+) with MO4(H2O)2(M = Mn2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Sc3+or Tl3+) octahedra. The flexible frameworks are reinforced by partly bifurcated, strong to weak hydrogen bonds.

The crystal chemistry of all known synthetic and natural members of the variscite and metavariscite groups is discussed and compared, and the relative stabilities are evaluated. With the aid of theCOMPSTRUprogram (Bilbao Crystallographic Server), a quantitative comparison of the crystal structures in both groups is given. Calculations of the structural and topological complexity reveal that the metavariscite structure type is structurally and topologically simpler than that of variscite. It is suggested that metavariscite and phosphosiderite are metastable kinetically stabilised phases, in contrast to thermodynamically stable variscite and strengite, respectively. The 3D frameworks of the members of both groups have been shown to be potential electrode materials for rechargeable Li ion batteries.
Phosphoproteomic quantitation and causal analysis reveal pathways in GPVI/ITAM-mediated platelet activation programs
Authors: Babur Özgün , Melrose Alexander R. , Cunliffe Jennifer M. , Klimek John , Pang Jiaqing , Sepp Anna-Liisa I. , Zilberman-Rudenko Jevgenia , Tassi Yunga Samuel , Zheng Tony , Parra-Izquierdo Iván , Minnier Jessica , McCarty Owen J. T. , Demir Emek , Reddy Ashok P. , Wilmarth Phillip A. , David Larry L. , Aslan Joseph E.
Published: July 2020

Platelets engage cues of pending vascular injury through coordinated adhesion, secretion, and aggregation responses. These rapid, progressive changes in platelet form and function are orchestrated downstream of specific receptors on the platelet surface and through intracellular signaling mechanisms that remain systematically undefined. This study brings together cell physiological and phosphoproteomics methods to profile signaling mechanisms downstream of the immunotyrosine activation motif (ITAM) platelet collagen receptor GPVI. Peptide tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling, sample multiplexing, synchronous precursor selection (SPS), and triple stage tandem mass spectrometry (MS3) detected >3000 significant (false discovery rate < 0.05) phosphorylation events on >1300 proteins over conditions initiating and progressing GPVI-mediated platelet activation. With literature-guided causal inference tools, >300 site-specific signaling relations were mapped from phosphoproteomics data among key and emerging GPVI effectors (ie, FcRγ, Syk, PLCγ2, PKCδ, DAPP1). Through signaling validation studies and functional screening, other less-characterized targets were also considered within the context of GPVI/ITAM pathways, including Ras/MAPK axis proteins (ie, KSR1, SOS1, STAT1, Hsp27). Highly regulated GPVI/ITAM targets out of context of curated knowledge were also illuminated, including a system of >40 Rab GTPases and associated regulatory proteins, where GPVI-mediated Rab7 S72 phosphorylation and endolysosomal maturation were blocked by TAK1 inhibition. In addition to serving as a model for generating and testing hypotheses from omics datasets, this study puts forth a means to identify hemostatic effectors, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets relevant to thrombosis, vascular inflammation, and other platelet-associated disease states.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in children
Authors: Bush Andrew , Pabary Rishi
Published: July 2020

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is an umbrella term for a wide spectrum of conditions that have a very characteristic appearance on computed tomography. There is outlining of the secondary pulmonary lobules on the background of ground-glass shadowing and pathologically, filling of the alveolar spaces with normal or abnormal surfactant. PAP is rare and the common causes in children are very different from those seen in adults; autoimmune PAP is rare and macrophage blockade not described in children. There are many genetic causes of PAP, the best known of which are mutations in the genes encoding surfactant protein (SP)-B, SP-C, thyroid transcription factor 1, ATP-binding cassette protein 3, and the granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor α- and β- chains. PAP may also be a manifestation of rheumatological and metabolic disease, congenital immunodeficiency, and haematological malignancy. Precise diagnosis of the underlying cause is essential in planning treatment, as well as for genetic counselling. The evidence base for treatment is poor. Some forms of PAP respond well to whole-lung lavage, and autoimmune PAP, which is much commoner in adults, responds to inhaled or subcutaneous GM-CSF. Emerging therapies based on studies in murine models of PAP include stem-cell transplantation for GM-CSF receptor mutations.

Educational aims

To understand when to suspect that a child has pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) and how to confirm that this is the cause of the presentation.

To show that PAP is an umbrella term for conditions characterised by alveolar filling by normal or abnormal surfactant, and that this term is the start, not the end, of the diagnostic journey.

To review the developmental differences in the spectrum of conditions that may cause PAP, and specifically to understand the differences between causes in adults and children.

To discuss when to treat PAP with whole-lung lavage and/or granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and review potential promising new therapies.
Paediatric pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Barclay Mhairi , Devaney Rebecca , Bhatt Jayesh. M.
Published: July 2020

Paediatric pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (pPLCH) is a rare diffuse cystic lung disease. Unlike pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in adults, which is often seen as an isolated condition with smoking being a major risk factor, isolated pPLCH is vanishingly rare in children and it is most often a component of multisystem LCH. Diagnosis should be based on histological and immunophenotypic examination of affected tissue in addition to clinical and radiological features. It should be considered an important differential for diffuse cystic lung disease in paediatric patients. Recent progress in the biological understanding of the disease supports the classification of LCH as an inflammatory myeloid neoplasia. Chemotherapy and specific management of respiratory complications are the mainstays of treatment. The lungs are no longer considered a “risk organ” in LCH as pulmonary involvement is not associated with a worse prognosis than the involvement of other organs. Multidisciplinary treatment approaches are needed.

Prognosis can be good but is adversely influenced by multisystem involvement, and complications such as pneumothoraces and respiratory failure can be life threatening. This review aims to give an overview of this condition, with a focus on the diagnosis, monitoring and management of complications such as pneumothoraces and respiratory failure, which can be challenging for the paediatric respiratory specialist.

Educational aims

To give an overview of paediatric pulmonary LCH.

To discuss the differential diagnosis of paediatric cystic lung disease.
Caspase1/11 signaling affects muscle regeneration and recovery following ischemia, and can be modulated by chloroquine
Authors: Sachdev Ulka , Ferrari Ricardo , Cui Xiangdong , Pius Abish , Sahu Amrita , Reynolds Michael , Liao Hong , Sun Ping , Shinde Sunita , Ambrosio Fabrisia , Shiva Sruti , Loughran Patricia , Scott Melanie
Published: July 2020

Background

We previously showed that the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) increases inflammatory cleaved caspase-1 activity in myocytes, and that caspase-1/11 is protective in sterile liver injury. However, the role of caspase-1/11 in the recovery of muscle from ischemia caused by peripheral arterial disease is unknown. We hypothesized that caspase-1/11 mediates recovery in muscle via effects on autophagy and this is modulated by CQ.

Methods

C57Bl/6 J (WT) and caspase-1/11 double-knockout (KO) mice underwent femoral artery ligation (a model of hind-limb ischemia) with or without CQ (50 mg/kg IP every 2nd day). CQ effects on autophagosome formation, microtubule associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), and caspase-1 expression was measured using electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging documented perfusion every 7 days. After 21 days, in situ physiologic testing in tibialis anterior muscle assessed peak force contraction, and myocyte size and fibrosis was also measured. Muscle satellite cell (MuSC) oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate was measured. Caspase-1 and glycolytic enzyme expression was detected by Western blot.

Results

CQ increased autophagosomes, LC3 consolidation, total caspase-1 expression and cleaved caspase-1 in muscle. Perfusion, fibrosis, myofiber regeneration, muscle contraction, MuSC fusion, OCR, ECAR and glycolytic enzyme expression was variably affected by CQ depending on presence of caspase-1/11. CQ decreased perfusion recovery, fibrosis and myofiber size in WT but not caspase-1/11KO mice. CQ diminished peak force in whole muscle, and myocyte fusion in MuSC and these effects were exacerbated in caspase-1/11KO mice. CQ reductions in maximal respiration and ATP production were reduced in caspase-1/11KO mice. Caspase-1/11KO MuSC had significant increases in protein kinase isoforms and aldolase with decreased ECAR.

Conclusion

Caspase-1/11 signaling affects the response to ischemia in muscle and effects are variably modulated by CQ. This may be critically important for disease treated with CQ and its derivatives, including novel viral diseases (e.g. COVID-19) that are expected to affect patients with comorbidities like cardiovascular disease.
Integrated assessment of biomarker responses and comparative toxicity pathway in snails Bellamya aeruginosa exposed to tributyltin and triphenyltin in sediments
Authors: Wu Lingling , Chen Ling , Zhu Lingjiao , Chen Xiaoping , Li Qian
Published: July 2020

Background

Sediments function as a secondary and significant source of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) in aquatic ecosystems and may pose a potential threat on benthic organisms and human health. The subchronic toxicity of sediment-associated TBT or TPT to snails Bellamya aeruginosa at environmentally relevant concentrations was investigated in this study. Multiple endpoints at the biochemical [ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)] and transcriptomic levels were examined.

Results

TBT or TPT in sediment could induce antioxidant enzymes’ activities and result in oxidative damage in the hepatopancreas of B. aeruginosa after 28-day exposure. A transcriptomic profile of B. aeruginosa exposed to TBT and TPT was reported. CYP genes and EROD activity were sensible and reliable biomarkers for toxicity assessment of TBT or TPT in sediments. Comparative pathway analysis revealed the alteration of steroid hormone biosynthesis and retinol metabolism in B. aeruginosa after 90-day exposure to sediment-associated TBT at the concentration of 2000 ng/g dw, which might affect both reproduction and lipogenesis functions. The ubiquitin proteasome system and immune system might be the toxicity target in B. aeruginosa after exposure to sediment-associated TPT for 90 days.

Conclusions

The results offered new mechanisms underlying the toxicity of sediment-associated tributyltin and triphenyltin.
Production and verification of the first Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) clonal lines
Authors: Hansen Tom Johnny , Penman David , Glover Kevin Alan , Fraser Thomas William Kenneth , Vågseth Tone , Thorsen Anders , Sørvik Anne Grete Eide , Fjelldal Per Gunnar
Published: July 2020

Background

In several fish species homozygous and heterozygous clonal lines have been produced using gynogenetic and androgenetic techniques. These lines are standardized and can be reproduced over generations. In rainbow trout such lines have existed for decades and has become important research tools in genome studies as well as in studies of commercially important traits. The Atlantic salmon is one of the best studied fish species globally, but all experiments are done on fish of wild or domesticated origin and access to standardized immortal fish lines would be of great benefit. Here, we describe the protocols developed to produce mitotic gynogenes, and from these the first clonal lines in Atlantic salmon.

Results

Atlantic salmon eggs fertilized with UV irradiated sperm combined with a pressure shock applied at 4700–4800 minC at 8 °C gave all homozygous (doubled haploid) gynogenetic progeny with high survival. From the six first maturing females, five all homozygous clonal lines were produced by meiotic gynogenesis and were verified as clonal and identical to their mother with microsatellite markers.

Conclusions

We have now produced the first documented cloned Atlantic salmon lines. This work demonstrates the potential for production of further Atlantic salmon clonal lines, potentially with distinct characteristics. Such lines will provide an important resource for further elucidation of phenotypic and genetic traits in this globally important species.
Genomic diversity in pearl millet inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties
Authors: Kanfany Ghislain , Serba Desalegn D. , Rhodes Davina , St. Amand Paul , Bernardo Amy , Gangashetty Prakash I , Kane Ndjido Ardo , Bai Guihua
Published: July 2020

Background

Genetic improvement of pearl millet is lagging behind most of the major crops. Development of genomic resources is expected to expedite breeding for improved agronomic traits, stress tolerance, yield, and nutritional quality. Genotyping a breeding population with high throughput markers enables exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) which are important preludes for marker-trait association studies and application of genomic-assisted breeding.

Results

Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries of 309 inbred lines derived from landraces and improved varieties from Africa and India generated 54,770 high quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. On average one SNP per 29 Kb was mapped in the reference genome, with the telomeric regions more densely mapped than the pericentromeric regions of the chromosomes. Population structure analysis using 30,208 SNPs evenly distributed in the genome divided 309 accessions into five subpopulations with different levels of admixture. Pairwise genetic distance (GD) between accessions varied from 0.09 to 0.33 with the average distance of 0.28. Rapid LD decay implied low tendency of markers inherited together. Genetic differentiation estimates were the highest between subgroups 4 and 5, and the lowest between subgroups 1 and 2.

Conclusions

Population genomic analysis of pearl millet inbred lines derived from diverse geographic and agroecological features identified five subgroups mostly following pedigree differences with different levels of admixture. It also revealed the prevalence of high genetic diversity in pearl millet, which is very useful in defining heterotic groups for hybrid breeding, trait mapping, and holds promise for improving pearl millet for yield and nutritional quality. The short LD decay observed suggests an absence of persistent haplotype blocks in pearl millet. The diverse genetic background of these lines and their low LD make this set of germplasm useful for traits mapping.