bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan kemampuan pengucapan kata pada anak dengan Speech Sound Disorder
Authors: Melanita Nidia
Published: June 2023

Speech sound disorder (SSD) is a disorder in the production of speech sounds in children. SSD can make it difficult for children to understand when speaking, interfering with verbal communication, social participation and academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of play therapy using puzzles in improving children's word pronunciation skills with SSD. The assessment methods used are clinical interview, observation, and psychological test (WISC). As a result  of  this play therapy, subjects began to be able to remember and memorize letters of the alphabet correctly and began  to be able to pronounce words such as "makan", and "ikan". Based on the interventions carried out, it can be concluded that play therapy with puzzle games  can improve the ability to pronounce words in children who experience speech sound disorder correctly.
 
Speech sound disorder (SSD) adalah gangguan dalam produksi suara ucapan pada anak-anak. SSD dapat mempersulit anak untuk memahami saat berbicara, mengganggu komunikasi verbal, partisipasi sosial, dan prestasi akademik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi bermain menggunakan puzzle dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pengucapan kata anak dengan SSD. Metode penilaian yang digunakan adalah wawancara klinis, observasi, dan tes psikologi (WISC). Hasil dari terapi bermain ini, subjek mulai dapat mengingat dan menghafal huruf abjad dengan benar dan mulai dapat melafalkan kata-kata seperti "makan dan "ikan". Berdasarkan intervensi yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi bermain dengan permainan puzzle dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pengucapan kata pada anak yang mengalami speech sound disorder dengan benar.
Inversión económica en salud en América en los últimos veinte años
Authors: Restrepo-Betancur Luis F
Published: June 2023

Introducción: La inversión en salud es fundamental para brindar una oportuna atención a los pacientes, y a la vez efectuar programas de prevención para el bienestar de la ciudadanía. Objetivo: Comparar la inversión en salud en los países de América en los últimos veinte años. Materiales y métodos: Se empleó el Modelo Lineal General con base en la técnica MANOVA, suplementando con análisis clúster. Las variables evaluadas fueron: gasto invertido por el sector público en salud expresado en porcentaje; porcentaje del gasto total invertido en salud; PIB (Producto Interno Bruto) salud y gasto público salud per cápita expresado en euros. Resultados: Estados Unidos presenta diferencia estadística significativa respecto a las demás naciones del continente (p<0,05), en lo relacionado al PIB y al gasto público per cápita en euros destinado a la salud. Venezuela posee el menor gasto invertido por el sector público en salud expresado en porcentaje. Conclusiones: Existen grandes brechas en la inversión en salud en América; países con mayor poder adquisitivo como Estados Unidos y Canadá, presentan las mayores cifras. Venezuela es el país con la menor inversión del PIB dedicada a gastos de salud, siendo la única nación que en los últimos años ha reducido esta variable.
Pengaruh Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Hotel DEF, Canggu, Bali
Authors: Abadi I Made Santosa Jaya , Kalpikawati Ida Ayu , Rastitiati Ni Kade Juli
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan, disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan, kompensasi dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di Hotel DEF, Canggu-Bali.  Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 33 responden dengan menggunakan metode sampel jenuh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada seluruh karyawan Hotel DEF, Canggu, Bali berjumlah 33 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji-t, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi dengan alat analisis data menggunakan program SPSS for Windows version 26. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan kompensasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai Sig. 0,002 < 0,05, disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan secara parsial nilai Sig 0,00 < 0,05, dan kompensasi dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan nilai Sig. 0,00 < 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian saran yang dapat diberikan kepada Hotel DEF, Canggu, Bali adalah mengurangi beban kerja dengan menambah OJT (On the Job Training) sebagai tenaga pembantu dalam melaksanakan operasional hotel.
Educação matemática no nordeste brasileiro: entre histórias, compreensões e proposições
Authors: dos Santos Gutierre Liliane , Bezerra de Morais Marcelo
Published: June 2023

O livro “Educação Matemática no Nordeste brasileiro: entre histórias, compreensões e proposições” é resultante de estudos desenvolvidos pelos membros do Grupo Potiguar de Estudos e Pesquisas em História da Educação Matemática (GPEP) em articulação com outros pesquisadores da região Nordeste do Brasil. A obra é financiada por verba destinada ao projeto homônimo oriundo da Chamada CNPq/MCTI/FNDCT Nº 18/2021 - Faixa A - Grupos Emergentes (Processo: 407600/2021-3), ampliando os estudos e debates acerca da Educação Matemática nesta região, formando um elo forte de intercâmbio em prol da qualidade de ensino da Matemática. No livro, há 12 capítulos, alguns resultantes de pesquisas dos membros do GPEP, que foram apresentadas durante o 6º Seminário de Pesquisas do grupo ocorrido em 2022, e outras contribuições de pesquisadores da área que atuam no Nordeste, ampliando e fortalecendo as discussões da educação matemática produzida e vivenciada nesta região brasileira.
Percepción de los adolescentes y profesores sobre la educación sexual en Chile 2011 - 2021
Authors: Rodriguez Figueroa Andrea , Jorquera-Aracena Natalia , Carillo-Reyes Andrea , Cortez-Flores Katherine , García-Varas Antonia , Herrera-Chantire Natalia , Valenzuela-Jacob Antonia
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones de los principales actores sobre la educación sexual en Chile 2011-2021.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de tipo narrativa en bases de datos como Ebsco Host, Dialnet plus, Scielo, Lilacs. En total 23 artículos fueron los que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión.
Resultados: Los adolescentes, sostienen que la educación sexual que reciben en las escuelas es muy básica y centrada en aspectos biológicos y genitales y que además deja fuera aspectos que para ellos son fundamentales. Los docentes indican que no se sienten óptimamente preparados para educar en sexualidad, destacando una formación muy básica y se manifiesta que una de las necesidades es la de trabajar la educación sexual desde los primeros cursos con los estudiantes.
Conclusión: Es necesario implementar una ley específica sobre educación sexual integral, con enfoque biopsicosocial, que contemple las necesidades de los principales actores. Además, esta debería impartirse desde etapas preescolares hasta la enseñanza media para evitar la vulneración de los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos que representan un Derecho Humano fundamental.
Muhammadiyah; Diantara Gerakan Modernis, Tajdid dan Purifikasi
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu
Published: June 2023

Muhammadiyah, as one of the largest organizations in Indonesia, attracts the attention of researchers from various fields, including historiography, sociology, and anthropology. Different leadership eras within Muhammadiyah have resulted in changes in the organization's orientation. This paper aims to examine the paradigm shifts within Muhammadiyah, ranging from the modernist movement to tajdid and the purification movement. With a more structured and systematic approach, this research will illustrate the evolution of paradigms within Muhammadiyah.AbstrakMuhammadiyah, sebagai salah satu organisasi terbesar di Indonesia, menarik perhatian para peneliti dari berbagai bidang, baik historiografi, sosiologi, maupun antropologi. Masa kepemimpinan yang berbeda-beda dalam Muhammadiyah telah menghasilkan perubahan orientasi organisasi ini. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan paradigma dalam organisasi Muhammadiyah, mulai dari gerakan modernis hingga tajdid dan gerakan purifikasi. Dengan pendekatan yang lebih terstruktur dan sistematis, penelitian ini akan menggambarkan evolusi paradigma dalam Muhammadiyah.
Kualitas Telur Ayam Ras yang Diberi Pakan Mengandung Multi Enzim
Authors: Selviani Selviani , Hatta Ummiani , Adjis Asril , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Tantu Rizal Y.
Published: June 2023

Enzim merupakan senyawa protein yang berfungsi sebagai katalisator untuk mempercepat reaksi pemecahan senyawa kompleks menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana. Penambahan multi enzim sebagai campuran bahan pakan unggas memiliki potensi meningkatkan kualitas pakan yang pada akhirnya dikuti oleh peningkatan kualitas telur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian multi enzim dalam pakan terhadap kualitas telur. Penelitian di laksanakan selama 42 hari yaitu pada tanggal 27 Desember 2022 - 06 Februari 2023 di Kandang Percobaan Laboratorium Pengembangan Agribisnis Peternakan dan Perikanan Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan Universitas Tadulako. Penelitian menggunakan 80 ekor ayam petelur umur 35 minggu. Penelitian ini menggunakan  Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, perlakuan yang dibeikan sebagai berikut: M0 = pakan kontrol (jagung 50% + konsentrat 35 % + dedak padi 15%), M1 = Pakan kontrol + 0,025% Multi enzim, M2 = Pakan Kontrol + 0.050% Multi enzim, M3 = Pakan Kontrol +0.075% Multi enzim dan M4 = Pakan kontrol + 0.10% Multi enzim. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian multi enzim dalam pakan ayam ras petelur tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap persentase kuning telur, indeks kuning telur serta warna kuning telur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian Multi enzim hingga 0,10% dalam pakan ayam ras petelur tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap semua perlakuan selama penelitian atau memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap nilai persentase, indeks dan warna kuning telur.
Analisis Kadar Senyawa Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Lestari Tri Suci , Hamzah Baharuddin
Published: June 2023

Pare (Momordica charantia L.) adalah suatu tanaman yang tumbuh didaerah tropis yaitu daerah Asia, Amazon (Amerika Selatan), Afrika Timur dan Karibia. Rasa pahit buah ini menimbulkan beberapa manfaat diantaranya merangsang nafsu makan, menyembuhkan penyakit kuning, melancarkan pencernaan. Rasa pahit pada buah pare disebabkan oleh kandungan momordikosida golongan glukosida triterpen atau kukurtibasin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar flavonoid pada buah pare (Momordica charantia L.). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode ekstraksi maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol. Hasil ekstraksi dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menambahkan serbuk Mg dan HCl untuk mengetahui keberadan senyawa flavonoid. Sedangkan uji kuantitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Ph differensial pada suasana asam yaitu pada Ph 1 dan Ph 4,5. Penentuan kadar flavonoid  ekstrak buah pare menggunakan alat spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 520 nm dan 700 nm. Hasil yang diperoleh  pada uji kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah pare positif mengandung flavonoid. Hasil uji kuantitatif diperoleh kadar flavonoid total pada ektrak buah pare sebesar 0,41 mg/100 g.
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Lengkuas (Alpinia galanga) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans
Authors: Allu Yuma Ardian , Nuryanti Siti
Published: June 2023

Galangal (Alpinia galanga) is a nutritious plant that can cure various diseases. This part of the plant, such as the rhizome, functions as a traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the inhibition of the fungus Candida albicans using galangal extract. Galangal extract was made using three different kinds of the solvents, namely hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The suspension of Candida albicans fungus was obtained from the Biology Laboratory, FMIPA, Tadulako University. Fungal test using the well method. The results showed that the inhibitory power of galangal extract against the growth of Candida albicans using ethyl acetate and methanol was greater than that of hexane. Based on observations, the percentage of inhibitory power of galangal extract on the growth of Candida albicans with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as solvents was 0% for hexane, 1,70% for ethyl acetate, and 4,70% for methanol.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas XI pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit
Authors: Lawongo Sely Artasasta , Santoso Tri , Magfirah Magfirah , Afadil Afadil , Ahmar Dewi Satria
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas XI MIPA SMANegeri 5 Palu pada materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri 5 Palu sejumlah 60 orang. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa hasil tes kemampuan berpikir kritis yang diperoleh melalui pemberian soal dalam bentuk essay sebanyak 7 butir soal yang valid. Selanjutnya data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis berdasarkan indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis yang meliputi interpretasi, analisis, inferensi, dan evaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas XI MIPA pada indikator interpretasi, analisis, inferensi, dan evaluasi berturut-turut sebesar 45,50%, 27,08%, 27,08%, dan 23,54%. Rata-rata hasil untuk seluruh indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas XI MIPA yaitu 32,53%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 5 Palu masih kurang.
Analisis Logam Merkuri (Hg) pada Air Sungai Janja di Derah Pertambangan
Authors: Rosita Mita , Santoso Tri , Aminah Sitti , Pulukadang Sri Hastuti Virgianti
Published: June 2023

Logam merkuri (Hg) masuk dalam golongan logam berat yang beracun karena memiliki sifat neurotoksin bagi makhluk hidup. Sebagai logam berat, merkuri (Hg) akan sulit terurai jika masuk kedalam perairan, merkuri (Hg) juga akan membentuk endapaan pada sedimen. Logam merkuri terdapat di alam dan tersebar dalam tanah, air dan udara. Merkuri jarang ditemukan dalam bentuk bebas di alam tetapi berbentuk biji cinnabar (HgS). Logam merkuri biasanya mudah ditemukan di daerah pertambangan, seperti di daerah tambang emas. Pertambangan emas merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan pedapatan masyarakat, akan tetapi pertambangan emas dapat merugikan jika dalam waktu pelaksanaannya tidak diikuti dengan proses pengolahan limbah hasil pengolahan emas secara baik. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom uap dingin. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian yaitu kandungan logam pada penambang 1 sebanyak 3 sampel. Sampel 1 memiliki konsentrasi 1,2594 ppm; sampel 2 memiliki konsentrasi 0,4924 ppm; dan sampel 3 memiliki konsentrasi 0,2091 ppm. Penambang 2 sebanyak 3 sampel yang dimana sampel 1 memiliki konsentrasi 1,0260 ppm; sampel 2 memiliki konsentrasi 0,3401 ppm; dan sampel 3 memiliki konsentrasi 0,3152 ppm. Dan penambang 3 memiliki 3 sampel yang diman sampel 1 memilki konsentrasi 0,7215 ppm; sampel 2 memiliki konsentrasi 0,2464 ppm; dan sampel 3 memiliki konsentrasi 0,3461 ppm. Hasil yang diperoleh dari perhitungan konsentrasi logam merkuri (Hg) menunjukan bahwa air sungai janja telah tercemar logam berat yaitu logam merkuri (Hg). Hal ini terjadi dikarenakan adanya pertambangan di aliran sungai janja.
Analisis Kadar Senyawa Flavonoid pada Daun Bawang Hutan (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.)
Authors: Ningrum Mitha Widya , Nuryanti Siti
Published: June 2023

Forest onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) is one of the plants commonly used by the community as traditional medicine. This plant can cure diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, prevent stroke and can lower cholesterol. Forest onions are known to contain compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins. This study aims to determine the levels of flavonoid compounds in forest leek extract. Samples were extracted using maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent. Determination of flavonoid levels using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 432.5 nm and using quercetin as a comparison (QE). The results of this study showed the levels of flavonoid compounds in forest leeks were 27.203 mg/100g±0,348.
Identifikasi Pemahaman Konsep dan Self Efficacy Siswa pada Materi Struktur Atom dan Sistem Periodik Unsur
Authors: Nurwahyuni Nurwahyuni , Virgianti Sri Hastuti , Afadil Afadil
Published: June 2023

Pemahaman konsep adalah proses di mana siswa mampu memahami informasi yang di peroleh baik itu definisi, sifat dan uraian dari suatu konsep sehingga mampu mengkontruksi konsep tersebut. Self Efficacy adalah kemampuan individu untuk mengatur tindakan di perlukan untuk pencapaian tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1)mendeskripsikan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi struktur atom dan sistem periodik unsur.(2)mendeskripsikan self-efficacy siswa pada materi struktur atom dan sistem periodik unsur Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Instrument yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa soal three-tier dan angket self efficacy. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMAN 4 Palu pada siswa kelas X MIPA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemahaman konsep peserta didik pada materi struktur atom dan sistem periodik unsur rata-rata persentase siswa paham konsep sebesar 34,35% tergolong paham konsep kategori rendah, Peserta didik yang tidak paham konsep sebesar 24,1% kategori rendah sedangkan peserta didik yang mengalami miskonsepsi sebesar 41,35% kategori cukup. Hasil penelitian self efficacy siswa menunjukan bahwa self efficacy siswa baik karena kebanyakan berada di kategori tinggi sebesar 45 siswa (75%), kategori cukup sebanyak 15 siswa (25%).
Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Fermentasi Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Minuman Kombucha Pulpa Kakao (Theobroma cacao L)
Authors: Rahayu Endang Sri , Abram Paulus Hengky
Published: June 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan berdasarkan pengaruh variasi waktu fermentsi pada minuman kombucha pulpa kakao (Theobroma cacao L). Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pulpa kakao yang diperoleh dari buah kakao yang berwarna kuning dari perkebunan Desa Sibualong Kecamatan Balaesang Kabupaten Donggala. Metode DPPH digunakan untuk melihat reduksi radikal bebas yang terjadi akibat senyawa antioksidan pada minuman kombucha pulpa kakao. Absorbansi aktivitas antioksidan yang diukur dengan UV/Vis akan dihitung dengan persamaan regresi. Nilai yang diperoleh dari persamaan regresi menunjukkan nilai IC50, jika nilai IC50 di bawah 50 ppm menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat dan jika nilai IC50 di atas 200 ppm menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat lemah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terdapat pengaruh variasi waktu fermentasi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya nilai IC50 dengan nilai IC50 hari ke 3, hari ke 10 dan hari ke 14 berturut-turut adalah 29,387 ppm, 322,404 ppm, dan 215, 298 ppm. Sehingga waktu fermentasi terbaik adalah 3 hari yang menunjukkan nilai IC50 lebih kecil dari 50 ppm sehingga aktivitas antioksidannya termasuk dalam kategori yang sangat baik.
Development of Practicum Tools for Measuring Temperature and Air Humidity Based on Microcontroller by Telemetric
Authors: Zaky Muhammad , Carolina Nita , Unggul Unggul
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research is to make a temperature measuring instrument for air temperature and humidity on the device using the DHT11 sensor as a temperature and humidity sensor for the object under study, the ATMega328P CH340G microcontroller as data processing and the Bluetooth HC-05 module as an intermediary communication between the device and a smartphone. , utilizing App Inventor technology as a means of information quickly and accurately. The research method used in this study is the research and development method or known as research and development (R&D). This measuring tool is made using the Arduino Uno R3 module, which is programmed using the Arduino programming language. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: 1) The measuring instrument is designed to be able to measure temperature and humidity in a place/room continuously, 2) the system can provide precise and accurate information on the temperature and humidity of the device to the user. The additional result is that apart from practical measuring tools it can also be used as a wireless monitoring tool for temperature and humidity for swiftlet houses which is useful for solving temperature and humidity problems in swiftlet houses as well as outputs of Intellectual Property Rights Products.
Effect of Guided Inquiry Model with Active-Reflective Dimensional Learning Style on High School Students’ Chemistry Learning Outcomes
Authors: Marpaung Meida Esterlina
Published: June 2023

The mean values of MAN 2 Palu students on the topic of reaction rates in the last three years are low. The cause of low learning outcomes is learning that has not paid attention to students’ average learning styles. The learning model used in this study is a guided inquiry model with an active dimensional learning style. The research sample selection technique was purposive sampling by taking into account the average student learning outcomes. The research samples were 27 students in class XI MIA6 as an experimental class, learning with the model and class XI MIA4 with 27 students as a class, learning with a guided inquiry control model. The stages of the research were identifying students' learning styles in the experimental class, applying the ITG-Dia model in chemistry learning by observing attitudes and skills activities and ending with giving an evaluation. The results of the learning style assistance were obtained by 8 students with an active dimension style which were then distributed to each group before learning was carried out. The results of the experimental class research obtained an average altitude of 84.26 (very good); skills of 79.42 (good); learning outcomes of 83; n-gain of 0.78 (high). Control class observations obtained an average altitude of 85.93 (very good); skills 79,79,56 (good); learning outcomes 60.78; n-gain 0.50 (medium). The results of the t-test statistical analysis obtained t 13.12 and t 1.67. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in student learning in the experimental class and the control class. Based on statistical analysis, it can be concluded that the application of the active-reflective dimensional model affects increases students' chemistry learning outcomes.
Application of Thallium Autometallography for Observation of Changes in Excitability of Rodent Brain following Acute Carbon Monoxide Intoxication
Authors: Lee Min Soo , Yang Seung Bum , Heo Jun Ho
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Thallium (TI+) autometallography is often used for the imaging of neuronal metabolic activity in the rodent brain under various pathophysiologic conditions. The purpose of this study was to apply a thallium autometallographic technique to observe changes in neuronal activity in the forebrain of rats following acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. Methods: In order to induce acute CO intoxication, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1100 ppm of CO for 40 minutes, followed by 3000 ppm of CO for 20 minutes. Animals were sacrificed at 30 minutes and 5 days after induction of acute CO intoxication for thallium autometallography. Immunohistochemical staining and toluidine blue staining were performed to observe cellular damage in the forebrain following intoxication. Results: Acute CO intoxication resulted in significant reduction of TI+ uptake in major forebrain structures, including the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and striatum. In the cortex and hippocampal CA1 area, marked reduction of TI+ uptake was observed in the cell bodies and dendrites of pyramidal neurons at 30 minutes following acute CO intoxication. There was also strong uptake of TI+ in astrocytes in the hippocampal CA3 area following acute CO intoxication. However, there were no significant histological findings of cell death and no reduction of NeuN (+) neuronal populations in the cortex and hippocampus at 5 days after acute CO intoxication. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that thallium autometallography can be a new and useful technique for imaging functional changes in neural activity of the forebrain structure following mild to moderate CO intoxication.
Direct determination of instantaneous values periodically switched circuits based on difference equations
Authors: YILDIZ Ali Bekir
Published: June 2023

This paper explains how to use difference equations to directly obtain
instantaneous/periodic values of periodically switched circuits at a
desired time. Switched circuits, by their nature, have system equations
of variable nature. Differential equations used in the analysis of
continuous-time systems do not allow direct access to the instantaneous
values of the switched circuits at any time or to their values at
certain multiples of the period. For the analysis of these circuits, it
is necessary to obtain differential equations for each switched
mode/state separately and solve these equations sequentially in the
correct order. In this study, the problem of direct access to the
desired instantaneous values of the switched circuits is solved with the
new approach proposed based on the difference equations used in
discrete-time systems. By the developed formulations, the desired
instantaneous values of the switched circuits at any time or the values
in certain multiples of the period can be obtained directly. Therefore,
solutions do not need to be started from beginning (t=0) of the
simulation. The analytical solutions of examples and the results of the
developed method are compared and the accuracy of the formulations is
confirmed.
Revealing Melatonin’s Mysteries: Receptors, signaling pathways, and therapeutics applications
Authors: Kulsoom Kulsoom , Ali Wajahat , Saba Zainab , Hussain Shabab , Yasin Muhammad , Zahra Samra , Irshad Maria , Ramzan Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Melatonin (5-methoxy-acetyl tryptamine) sleep-inducing hormone, and the
pineal gland produces it in response to the circadian clock of darkness.
In the body, MT1 and MT2 receptors are mostly found, having an
orthosteric pocket and ligand binding determinants. Melatonin acts by
binding on melatonin receptors, intracellular proteins, and orphan
nuclear receptors. It inhibits adenyl cyclase and activates
phospholipase C, resulting in gene expression and an intracellular
alteration environment. Melatonin signaling pathways are also associated
with other intracellular signaling pathways, i.e., cAMP/PKA and MAPK/ERK
pathways. Relative expression of different proteins depends on the
coupling profile of G protein, accounting pharmacology of the melatonin
receptor bias system, and mediates action in a Gi-dependent manner. It
shows antioxidant, antitumor, antiproliferative and neuroprotective
activity. Different types of melatonin agonists have been synthesized
for the treatment of sleeping disorders. Researchers have developed
therapeutics that target melatonin signaling, which could benefit a wide
range of medical conditions. This review focuses on melatonin receptors,
pharmacology, and signaling cascades; it aims to provide basic
mechanical aspects of the receptor’s pharmacology, melatonin functions
in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and any treatments and drugs
designed for these diseases. This will allow a basic comparison between
the receptors in question, highlighting any parallels and differences
that may exist and providing fundamental knowledge about these receptors
to future researchers.
Traditional Medicine Combination Therapy Is A Promising Strategy for MRSA Infection
Authors: Wen Bo , Feng Xiaoyu , Zhang Lulu , Li Li , Xia Yuwen , Yang Weifeng , Cheng Yung-Chi , Mahmood Tariq , Ma Yan , Jiang Chunyan , Lu Cheng , Tan Yong
Published: June 2023

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a superbug that
often causes serious inflammation-related injuries. Host immune defense
against MRSA infection and MRSA immune evasion strategies are the main
mechanisms of these injuries. Conventional drugs, such as antibiotics,
optimized antibiotics and vaccines, can treat MRSA infections, but their
use is limited because of drug-resistance and impairment of immunity.
Traditional medicine (TM) therapies, presently used to address these
unmet clinical needs and treat injuries, are regarded as a potential
solution to combat MRSA infection. This review systematically summarizes
the immune mechanisms of MRSA infection, analyzes the efficacy
characteristics and corresponding mechanisms of conventional and TM
therapies in treating injuries, and discusses the potential advantages
of combined therapy. Furthermore, several appropriate immune
responses-related conditions that could be treated with the combination
therapy were summarized, and new perspectives on the clinical and basic
research on this combination therapy were proposed. This review lays a
foundation for the development of anti-MRSA therapies and provides novel
strategies and methods for the treatment of inflammation-related
injuries caused by multiple drug-resistant bacteria.
Validation of a High Impedance Fault Model for Overhead Distribution Networks Using Real Oscillography Data
Authors: Cordeiro Murillo , Vieira Joao Paulo Abreu , Junior Ghendy Cardoso , Wontroba Aldair , Huaquisaca Juan , Batista Vitor , Monteiro Fábio , Heringer Wesley , Santos Marcelo
Published: June 2023

High Impedance Faults (HIF) are serious disturbances that occur in power
distribution systems. Due to the low current levels, conventional
overcurrent-based protection systems do not detect this type of fault.
Some studies have been carried out in the diagnosis of this type of
disorder in order to accelerate their detection and location, reducing
the risk to people, environment, property, and damage to utilities. A
HIF computational model that is faithful to the real characteristics
influences decisively model-based HIF detection and localization tasks.
In this paper, a HIF model widely used in the literature is the first
time confronted with real oscillography data captured during actual HIF
incidents in overhead distribution networks. The results show that the
measured steady-state current signals match the HIF model.
Research on construction method and application of knowledge graph for power transformer intelligent operation and maintenance
Authors: Cai Yang , Zhang Yutong , Zhai Changying , Xu Zhikang , Wang Chunxin , Xie Jun , Xie Qing
Published: June 2023

The current power grid is undergoing digital transformation and
upgrading, and the intelligent health management technology of power
transformers is rapidly advancing. However, there are issues of weak
information correlation and low decision-making efficiency in the
operation and maintenance process and there are few papers on knowledge
graph construction specifically related to power transformer
maintenance. Additionally, there is limited public data available
specifically for power transformer operation and maintenance, making it
difficult to effectively construct maintenance knowledge. This paper
proposes a method for constructing a knowledge graph for power
transformer operation and maintenance based on Roberta-GPliner. Firstly,
public literature in the field of power transformers is obtained to
enhance the training dataset of power transformer operation and
maintenance. Then, we use Roberta as the embedding layer and employ the
GPliner joint extraction model to extract knowledge triplets on power
transformer operation and maintenance. Roberta-GPliner is compared with
other pre-training models, validating that the joint knowledge
extraction algorithm based on Roberta-GPliner performs better. Finally,
an intelligent operation and maintenance platform is built for power
transformers, enabling knowledge retrieval and decision-making support.
Short-term prediction of wind power based on TCN and the informer model
Authors: Wang Shuohe , Chang Linhua , Liu Han , Chang Yujian , Xue Qiang
Published: June 2023

In this study, a new short-term wind power prediction model based on a
temporal convolutional network (TCN) and the Informer model is proposed
to solve the problem of low prediction accuracy caused by large wind
speed fluctuations in short-term prediction. First, an input feature
selection method based on the maximum information coefficient is
proposed after considering the problem of information interference
caused by excessively large input features. A dynamic time planning
method is used to select the optimal input step of historical power.
Then, the combined forecasting model composed of TCN and the Informer is
constructed in accordance with the numerical weather forecast and
historical power data. Lastly, the pinball loss function is used to
expand the prediction model into a quantile regression model, measure
the effect of volatility, quantify the volatility range of prediction,
and finally, obtain a deterministic prediction result. The actual
measured data of wind farms in the Bohai Sea area are selected for
analysis and calculation. Results show that the prediction model
proposed in this study achieves better accuracy in deterministic
prediction and interval prediction than the traditional model.
Multifunctional Composite Designs for Structural Energy Storage
Authors: Nie Bo , Lim Jonghan , Liu Tengxiao , Kovalenko Ilya , Liang Junfei , Zhu Jian , Sun Hongtao
Published: June 2023

Structural batteries have emerged as a promising alternative to address
the limitations of conventional batteries, with the potential to
integrate energy storage into stationary constructions or mobile
vehicles/planes. Developing multifunctional composites is effective to
realize the structural plus concept, which can reduce the inert weight
and improve the performance of the energy storage beyond the material
level (e.g., cell- or system-level). Specifically, multifunctional
composites in structural batteries can work as both a functional
composite electrode to store charges and a structural composite to bear
mechanical loads. However, they suffer from the trade-off between
mechanical properties and energy storage performance due to the
scientific challenges of unstable interfaces and the lack of viable
manufacturing approaches. In this review, we first introduce recent
research developments of electrodes, electrolytes, separators, and
interface engineering specific to structure plus composites for
structure batteries, and then summarize the mechanical and
electrochemical characterizations. We discuss in detail the reinforced
multifunctional composites for structure batteries, the exploration of
multifunctionalities on different composite structures and battery
configurations, and then conclude with a perspective on future
opportunities. The knowledge synthesized in this review contributes to
the advancement of this field and facilitates the realization of
efficient and durable energy storage systems integrated into structural
components.
Prediction of melanin content of Fonsecaea pedrosoi using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemometrics
Authors: Koehler Alessandra , Moraes Paulo Cezar de , Heidrich Daiane , Scroferneker Maria L. , Ferrão Marco , Corbellini Valeriano
Published: June 2023

Fungal melanin contributes to the survival and virulence of pathogenic
fungi, such as Fonsecaea pedrosoi, which is responsible for causing
chromoblastomycosis. The objective of this study was to employ Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to predict the melanin content of
F. pedrosoi. The melanin content, in percentage, was previously
determined using gravimetry for twenty-six clinical isolates.
Quintuplicate spectra of each isolate were obtained using attenuated
total reflection (ATR) within the range of 4000 to 650 cm-1. To predict
the melanin content, modeling was performed using partial least squares
regression (PLS) in the region 1800 – 750 cm-1. Two models were tested:
PLS and successive projections algorithms for interval selection in
partial least squares (iSPA-PLS). The best modeling results were
achieved using iSPA-PLS with one factor. The calibration set exhibited a
determination coefficient (R²) of 0.9745 and a root mean square error of
cross-validation (RMSECV) of 0.0977. In the prediction set, the R² value
was 0.9711, and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was
0.0999. Modeling with FTIR and multivariate calibration provides a
valuable means of predicting fungal melanin content, which is simpler
and more robust, thereby contributing to the advancement of this field
of study.
Real world respiratory profiles and Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Birnkrant David , Black Jane
Published: June 2023

This is an editorial on the article by Drs. Hnaini et al. in this
month’s issue of Pediatric Pulmonology reporting respiratory data
in patients with Duchernne muscular dystrophy from a large, real-world
database– The Canadian Neuromuscular Disease Registry (CNDR).
Chiroptical Generation, Switching, and Long-Term Memory in Supramolecular Azobenzene-Pendant Polymer: Regulation by Cellulose Peralkyl Esters, D-/L-Glucose Permethyl Esters, Solvents, UV Light Irradiation, and Thermal Annealing Process
Authors: Yi Shiyuan , Wang Laibing , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Michiya Fujiki , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2023

Various optically active polymers are known to afford sophisticated
chirality-related functionalities, i.e. asymmetric catalysis,
chiroptical switching and memory in UV-vis-NIR region, chromatographic
separation of enantiomers, and sensors for molecular chirality.
Recently, material researchers are received much attention to design
chiral supramolecular architectures from achiral polymers upon
intermolecular interactions with help of greener biosources. The present
article reports an instantaneous generation of ambidextrous
supramolecules revealing light-driven chiroptical switching/memory in
UV-vis region when achiral azobenzene-containing vinylpolymers are
non-covalently interacted with alkyl ester derivatives of natural
cellulose and D-/L-glucose. It was recognized that the semi-synthetic
biomaterials efficiently work as chirality-inducing scaffoldings to
several achiral and optically inactive molecules, oligomers, and
polymers. Our successful results shed light on a new approach of how
inexpensive poly-/mono-saccharide derivatives can afford supramolecular
chiroptical systems with the azobenzene pendant polymer as aggregates in
suspension and liquid-crystalline films with minimal energy, time, and
cost.
ß-cell glucose sensitivity to assess changes in ß-cell function in recent onset stage 3 type 1 diabetes
Authors: E Gitelman Stephen , Evans-Molina Carmella , Guolo Annamaria , Mari Andrea , Ferrannini Ele
Published: June 2023

Following a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, persisting C-peptide secretion leads to improved glycemic control and outcomes. Residual ß-cell function is often assessed with serial mixed meal tolerance tests, but these tests do not correlate well with clinical outcomes. Herein, we instead employ ß-cell glucose sensitivity (bGS) to assess changes in ß-cell function, incorporating insulin secretion for a given serum glucose into the assessment of ß-cell function. We evaluated changes in bGS in individuals enrolled in the placebo arm of ten type 1 diabetes trials performed at diabetes onset. We found that bGS showed a more rapid decline in children, as compared to adolescents and adults. Individuals in the top quartile of bGS baseline distribution had a slower rate in loss of glycemic control time over time. Notably, half of this group were children and adolescents. Finally, to identify predictors of glycemic control throughout follow-up, we ran multivariate Cox models, and found that incorporating bGS significantly improved the overall model. Taken together, these data suggest that bGS may be of great utility in predicting those more likely to have a more robust clinical remission, and may be of use in new onset clinical trials design and in evaluating response to therapies.  
Conceptos económicos de innovación en la valoración tecnológica de MiPymes colombianas desarrolladoras de software
Authors: Diaz-Vega Maria Isabel , Ospina-Opsina Manuel Jose
Published: June 2023

La carencia o el uso incorrecto de metodologías de gestión de proyectos, la falta de acceso a capitales de riesgo y la inadecuada valoración de productos se han identificado como algunos de los motivos por los que han desaparecido empresas micro, pequeñas y medianas del sector de software en Colombia. La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de identificar conceptos de la economía de la innovación que inciden en la valoración tecnológica de productos de las MiPymes dedicadas al desarrollo de software por encargo en Colombia, mediante un proceso de revisión de literatura financiera, económica y de estimación del software por encargo. El resultado fue la identificación de elementos económicos relacionados con los bienes públicos, los bienes privados, los costos de investigación y desarrollo, el valor generado, el precio del mercado, las externalidades, el cambio técnico y el crecimiento económico que deberán involucrarse en los modelos de valoración tecnológica de las MiPymes dedicadas al desarrollo de software por encargo en Colombia, en aras de una correcta valoración de productos tecnológicos, donde este es el primer paso para futuras investigaciones que, combinadas con metodologías de juicio de expertos, podrán generar modelos concretos de valoración de intangibles que se ajusten al mercado Colombiano del desarrollo de software.
Assessing Technological Innovation on Education in the World of Coronavirus (Covid-19)
Authors: N Gyimah
Published: June 2023

Coronavirus (COVID-19) has become the most pressing virus that has affected the world negatively. This virus has brought many setbacks in all aspects of life including education. This study was conducted to find out how technological innovation has been introduced into education as the world is still battling with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study depended on primary and secondary sources of data. Wholly, the documents prepared by the International Labour Organisation captioned as ILO Sectoral Brief and United Nations Economic, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) constituted major facts of this research. It was identified that indeed technological innovation has become very relevant as in E-learning. Another finding was that numerous developing countries are still encountering barriers in enjoying E-learning as internet connectivity is a major problem. It was recommended that Non-Governmental Organisations should avail themselves to improve the state of internet connectivity in most of the developing countries to enjoy E-learning. Adequate training and workshop should be organized to educate students and teachers on the usage of E-learning in the world.
Characterisation Covid-19 IgG Antibody Kinetics Post Infection and Vaccination using the Boditech iCHROMA™ Fluorescence Immunoassay (FIA) Method
Authors: J Bolodeoku
Published: June 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging threat affecting millions of people worldwide. This study aims to assess the serologic profiles and time kinetics of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with COVID-19 using the Boditech iCHROMA fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) method. Methods: Samples were collected from 43 subjects and analyzed for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using the Boditech iCHROMA FIA. The iCHROMA processes the signal using a cut off index of 0.9 – 1.1, results <0.9 are interpreted as negative, results between 0.9 and 1.1 are interpreted as indeterminate and results >1.1 are interpreted as positive. Longitudinal samples were collected on days between day 1- day 100 post onset of symptoms in 1 subject, single samples collected on days 40-90 post infection in 30 subjects, and single samples collected at 3 time points (pre vaccination, 8-18 days post vaccination and 20-28 days post vaccination) collected from 12 subjects non-infected and previously infected. Results: The Covid-19 IgG concentration was detected (positive and cut off index above 1.1) on day 11 and remained consistently elevated for another 100 days of measurement in the sera of the single infected subject. The IgG cut off indices between day 20 and 100 ranged between 26.8 and 46.7, with a mean of 36.5. In the sera of the 30 patients infected with Covid-19 collected 40 – 90 days post infection, IgG antibodies were detected in all the samples. The IgG cut off indices ranged between 14.0 and 32.60, with a mean of 20.65. Of the twelve subjects who were vaccinated, eight had not been previously infected, while 4 had been previously infected. All 4 (100%) previously infected subjects seroconverted by the first time point (8-18 days post vaccination), whilst only 1/8 (12.5%) of the non-infected subjects seroconverted by the first time point (8-18 days post vaccination). By the second time point (20 - 28 days post vaccination), 2/12 subjects (17%) had failed to seroconvert, whilst 10/12 (83%) of the subjects had seroconverted. In addition, a previously infected subject whose IgG antibodies had dropped to a very low-level, after receiving the first dose of vaccination his IgG antibodies had gone back to his previous antibody levels at the first time point (8-18 days post vaccination). Conclusion: The Boditech iCHROMA FIA method for antibody testing is useful in detecting SARS-CoV-2 in a variety of situations at different time points but has its limitations with regards to determining the difference between previously infected and vaccinated individuals.