bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustoelastic Properties in Rolled Plate: Effects of Large Deformation and Stress Relaxation
Authors: Okada Kenichi
Published: March 2014

Acoustoelastic properties were investigated in rolled plate of 5083-F aluminum using the ultrasonic birefringence technique. The value B, which is a measure of anisotropy determined by the ultrasonic technique, was linearly related to tensile stress up to the nonlinear elastic region. Moreover, relaxation in B was observed associated with stress relaxation. The variation of B with time depended on the tensile direction θ with respect to the direction perpendicular to that rolled. The value B decreased with time for θ=° and increased for θ=90°. B-stress relations in relaxed and unrelaxed states were approximately expressed by the same equation.
Application of Ultrasonic Phase-Sensitive Range Finder to Shallow Seafloor Analysis
Authors: Ono Takashi , Kohata Mitsuhiro , Miyamoto Toshihiko
Published: March 2014

A Doppler-free double modulation phase-sensitive method was proposed to determine shallow sea depth and relatively thin sub-bottom profiles. Field experiments to evaluate this method were carried out in Matsushima Bay using a simple sonar system. The shallow sea depth obtained by this system agreed well with the actual depth.
Finite-Element Analysis of Finite Periodic Waveguides for Surface Acoustic Waves
Authors: Koshiba Masanori , Hasegawa Koji , Suzuki Michio
Published: March 2014

A numerical approach based on the finite-element method is described for the analysis of finite periodic waveguides for surface acoustic waves. To treat a large structure in which a repetition of complicated components arises, a 'substructure' has been introduced. Numerical examples are presented for the Rayleigh-wave reflection characteristics of groove arrays. The results obtained agree approximately with the experimental results reported by several authors.
Leaky Surface Wave on Quartz and a New Cut with Extremely Small Temperature Coefficient
Authors: Shimizu Yasutaka , Tanaka Masafumi
Published: March 2014

The Propagation characteristics of a leaky surface wave on quartz crystal were theoretically calculated, and a new cut for SAW devices with zero slope temperature was discovered. This result was demonstrated by experiment to verify the theoretical prediction. The cut angle of the actual cut with zero slope temperature is φ=0°, θ=14.7°, and \varPsi=0° expressed by Euler's angle.
Ultrasonic Light Diffraction Using a Narrow Light Beam –Transition from Diffraction to Deflection–
Authors: Negishi Katsuo
Published: March 2014

Theoretical results of ultrasonic light diffraction using a narrow light beam whose intensity profile is Gaussian or square are described. As the beam width becomes narrower, instantaneous diffraction patterns for square beams show a complicated transition procss from diffraction to deflection, as compared with a smooth transition for Gaussian beams. Using a very narrow light beam, the angle of beam deflection cannot be determined from the time-averaged diffraction pattern, but can be determined from the instantaneous diffraction pattern.
Constant Vibration Amplitude Method of Piezoelectric Transducer Using A PLL (Phase Locked Loop)
Authors: Komatsu Keiichi
Published: March 2014

In an ultrasonic cleaning machine a problem form the standpoint of cleaning efficiency is to secure constant vibration amplitude of the transducer even when fluctuations of the load arise. This report deals with a method of obtaining constant vibration amplitude by using a PLL for the transducer and a π-type impedance inverting circuit for the matching circuit between the amplifier and transducer of the cleaning machine, thus following up variations of the resonant frequency of the transducer caused by fluctuations of the load.
Effect of Ultrasonic Vibrations on Pulled Crystals
Authors: Hayakawa Yasuhiro , Kumagawa Masashi
Published: March 2014

It was investigated in pulled InSb crystals how four factors, i.e.; growth rate, facet width, interface angle and spreading resistance were influenced by ultrasonic vibrations during growth. Vibrations were supplied to the melt through the crucible bottom. Under vibrating, the growth rate of crystals was little changed, but both the width of facet growth regions and the inclination angle of off–facet growth interfaces were decreased. Further, the fluctuation of spreading resistance in the off–facet region was also reduced by about 39%.
Non-Destructive Inspection of Rotted or Termite-Damaged Wooden Poles by Ultrasound
Authors: Tomikawa Yoshiro , Iwase Yukiharu , Arita Kishio , Yamada Hiroaki
Published: March 2014

The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for non-destructive inspection of a wooden pole. Two methods are investigated: one uses the propagation characteristics of ultrasound peculiar to a rotted wooden pole, and the otter uses the technique of ultrasonic computed tomography. The former method has a special merit in its simplicity and the latter is expected to become a method for general use.
Application of Reflection Coefficient Dip to Layer Thickness Measurement by Acoustic Microscope
Authors: Takeuchi Eiji , Tsukahara Yusuke , Hayashi Eisaku , Masuda Hitoshi , Tani Yasuhiro
Published: March 2014

A new method of layer thickness measurement appropriate for the electroplating process is proposed using a reflection acoustic microscope. This method is an application of the phenomenon that a reflection coefficient takes a dip-like minimum as a function of wave frequency, layer thickness and incident angle. The dip-like minimum is understood due to the excitation of pseudo Sezawa mode by investigating the dispersion relation of a surface acoustic wave.
Linear Response Theory in Phtoacoustic Spectroscopy and Characterization of Turbid Particles
Authors: Kitamori Takehiko , Fujii Masaaki , Sawada Tsuguo , Gohshi Yoichi
Published: March 2014

The linear response theory was applied to analyze the phase shift of photoacoustic (PA) signal generated in liquids. Phase shifts of PA signals from turbid solutions were obtained. The linear relationship between the tangent of the phase shift and the beam modulation frequency, predicted theoretically, was experimentally confirmed using polystyrene turbid solution. A novel method for characterization of turbid particles was proposed based on the theory. The experimental value of the heat transfer coefficient ((2.7±0.2)×101 Jcm-2K-1) of polystyrene turbid particle (radius: 2.5 µm) agreed well with the theoretical values.
Stability of Surface Acoustic Soliton
Authors: Sakuma Tetsuro , Miyazaki Toshiyuki
Published: March 2014

Stability condition of the surface acoustic soliton in a semiconductor is investigated by taking into account the attenuation due to surface inhomogeneities as well as the anharmonic attenuation caused by the interaction with bulk thermal phonons.
Application of Ultrasonic Spectroscopy to Polymers and Liquid Crystal
Authors: Matsushige Kazumi , Okabe Hirotaka , Shichijyo Shiro , Takemura Tetuo
Published: March 2014

A new measuring system for ultrasonic spectroscopy was constructed, utilizing piezoelectric polymer films as wide-band transducers. By conducting FFT analysis on the ultrasonic pulses transmitted through specimens, the frequency spectra of attenuation over a wide range of about 1 to 10 MHz could be obtained simultaneously. In a test of its performance, this measuring system was successfully applied to nondestructive testing in various polymers and a study of the nematic-isotropic phase transition in liquid crystal MBBA.
Measurement of Adibatic Temperature change in a Liquid Induced by Periodic Pressure Variation
Authors: Tanaka Hajime , Nishi Toshio , Wada Yasaku
Published: March 2014

A new method of measuring the adiabatic temperature change by periodic pressure oscillation, (∂T/∂P)s, is presented. The method is an extension of our method of low frequency adiabatic compressibility measurement and a new-type cell makes possible the simultaneous measurement of adiabatic compressibility and (∂T/∂P)s as functions of frequency.
Efforts to Establish Ultrasonic Engineering
Authors: Saneyoshi Jun'ichi
Published: March 2014

The lecturer's work related to ultrasonic engineering during the period from 1933 to 1966 was reviewed autobiographically at the symposium, and the background and intent of each research work were described. In this volume however, because of the author's weak eyesight, only an outline of his talk and a list of his references are given.
50 Years of KH2PO4. A Case History of the Theory of Phase Transition in KDP-Type Crystals
Authors: Matsubara Takeo
Published: March 2014

A brief historical review of the theory of phase transition in KH2PO4-type crystals is given along with a sketch of experimental facts.
Basic Properties in Superconducting Perovskite-Type Oxide BaPb1-xBixO3
Authors: Murakami Toshiaki
Published: March 2014

The BaPb1-x
Bi
x
O3(BPB) system is orthorhombic for x<0.9 at room temperature, and for x≤0.4, exhibits a second order structural phase transition at low temperatures. Next, electron transfer in BPB is strongly influenced by electron localization due to oxygen vacancies and Bi ions, which may explain the composition-induced metal-insulator transition
at x=0.35. The magnetic penetration depth is about 2 µm at 4.2 K, which is twice larger than the value calculated from the GL theory. Furthermore, polycrystalline BPB films make highly sensitive infrared optical detectors.
The Ferroelectric Non-Stoichiometric LiTaO3-Type Phases
Authors: Ravez J. , Joo G. T. , Senegas J. , Hagenmuller P.
Published: March 2014

In order to modulate the properties of LiTaO3 ceramics Li+ or Ta5+ cations have been substituted by mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- or hexavalent cations. A large number of solid solutions have been obtained, the observed nonstoichiometry corresponds either to a cationic excess or to a cationic deficit from LiTaO3. 7Li NMR measurements allowed the authors to point out the position of the substituted cations either in the tetrahedral or in the octahedral sites. The dependence of the Curie temperature T
c vs composition has been determined. The variation of T
c was related to width and intensity of the NMR quadrupole splitting.
Effect of Gd–Bi Substitution on Crystalchemical and Ferroelectric Properties of β–Gd2(MoO4)3
Authors: Elouadi Brahim , Chokayri M'Hamed
Published: March 2014

A crystalchemical study has allowed us to identify a continuous solid solution with β–GMO structure in the system Gd2(MoO4)3–Bi2(MoO4)3. The decrease of the ferroelectric Curie temperature versus the amount of Bi3+ has been attributed to the covalent character which is higher in Bi-0 bond that in Gd–O one.
Dielectric Properties of KTa1-xNbxO3 at Millimeter Wavelengths
Authors: Rytz D. , Klein M. B. , Bobbs B. , Matloubian M. , Fetterman H.
Published: March 2014

The dielectric constant and loss tangent of KTa1-x
Nb
x
O3 mixed crystals with 0<x<0.20 are reported as a function of temperature and frequency at millimeter wavelengths.
Ultra Slow Relaxation in SLBT Ceramics
Authors: Liangying Zhang , Shengwei Liu , Xi Yao
Published: March 2014

Very strong slow relaxation has been explored in strontium-bismuth-lanthanum titanate (SLBT) ceramics. Time dependence of quasi static capacitances at various temperatures can be obtained using a linear voltage ramp applied on the sample through a sensitive picoammeter. Starting and saturate capacitances and time constant of dielectric relaxations can be calculated using a multi none linear least square method by computer fitting. Ultra low frequency spectra of dielectric constant and loss tangent as well as Cole-Cole diagram can be obtained using Debay equations. Center frequency of dielectric relaxation of SLBT ceramics is in the range of 10-4Hz region. Activation energy of the relaxation is given.
High-Q Dielectric Resonator Sintered at Low Firing Temperature
Authors: Sasazawa K. , Yamaoka N.
Published: March 2014

The microwave properties of dielectric resonators were investigated. The dielectric ceramics with Ba(Mg, Co)1/3 Nb2/3O3-Ba(Co1/3Ta2/3)O3 system were found to be fired at a low temperature below 1400°C and to have high-ε
r and high-Q value. Dielectric properties at microwave frequency were measuered. Dielectric properties of the ceramic resonator were dielectric constant of 31, the Q-value of 10000 at 10 GHz. The temperature dependence of resonant frequency was 0.25 ppm/°C from -40°C to 100°C.
Preparation and Dielectric Properties of WO3-Doped Small-Grained BaTiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Hikichi Yasuo , Niimi Tadakuni , Sato Hideki
Published: March 2014

BaTiO3 ceramics with small grain size (<2µm in diameter) was prepared from fine powder by doping WO3 as an inhibitor of grain growth. Average grain size, bulk density (%) of theoretical, dielectric constant (20°C) and tan δ for the BaTiO3 ceramics doped with 0.5 mole% WO3 and sintered at 1300°C for 5 h in O2 are 1.2µm, 94%, 3400 and ≃2%, respectively. The dielectric constant depends strongly on the grain size below the Curie temperature, whereas it is weakly dependent on the grain size above the Curie temperature. The Curie temperature decreased from 120°C to 110°C when WO3 content varied from 0 to 1.0 mole%. The dielectric variation with ambient temperature is much less than that of the undoped BaTiO3 ceramics. The dielectric properties of the WO3-doped BaTiO3 ceramics have been found much superior to those of the undoped conventional one.
New Seignettomagnets with Perovskite Type Structure
Authors: Venevtsev Yu. N. , Zhitomirsky I. D. , Gagulin V. V. , Sevastyanova L. G. , Burdina K. P.
Published: March 2014

Physical properties and phase transitions of 10 complex metal oxides of perovskite type have been studied. Some of them have been identified as seignettomagnets, ferrimagnets, antiferromagnets.
Symmetry Aspects of Structural Transitions in Liquid Crystals
Authors: Tolédano Pierre
Published: March 2014

The specific features characterizing the phenomenological approach to phase transitions in liquid crystals, are discussed. The identification of the phase symmetries is shown to require, in addition to the space-group of the phases, specification of the type of long-range bond-orientational and tilting orderings of the molecular subunits. The probability densities and irreducible degrees of freedom corresponding to transitions between mesomorphic phases are explicited. A Landau type symmetry analysis is performed for illustrative examples of transitions from a nematic and smectic phases.
Polarization Reversal Kinetics in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Ishibashi Yoshihiro
Published: March 2014

The Avrami model will be discussed in connection with the polarization reversal kinetics in ferroelectrics. The experimental results obtained with the surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal DOBAMBC are presented, and analyzed on utilizing the Avrami model.
Optical Devices Based on Ferroelectric Single Crystals
Authors: Okada Masakatsu , Takizawa Kuniharu
Published: March 2014

Optical devices based on the electrooptic effect of the ferroelectric crystals are described for the application to the information processings, including the analog to digital converter using the electrooptic light modulators, the distributor and demultiplexer of optical signals and the electrooptic bistable device. The spatial light modulators are also discussed. Finally, the microscopic mechanism of the electrooptic effect in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 is introduced through the observation of the ionic and electronic contributions by the X-ray diffraction method.
Light Scattering Studies on the Intermediate Phase Near the α-β Transition of Quartz
Authors: Shigenari Takeshi , Shionoya Takashi
Published: March 2014

Raman and Brillouin spectra were simultaneously measured near the α-β phase transition temperature T
c (573°C). Three temperature dependent modes have been observed between T
c and T
c+2.0 K. They are; (a) a mode near 7 cm-1 observed in Raman spectra, (b) a quasi-elastic broad mode extending between Rayleigh and LA mode at 0.8 cm-1 and (c) an elastic component whose intensity being maximum at T
c+1.2 K. Intensities of these three modes are significant only in a small temperature range above T
c which is approximately equal to that of the incommensurate phase reported by Gouhara et al. using X-ray topographs. The peak frequency of the first mode decreases toward T
c+2 K, suggesting that the mode might be a soft mode related to the incommensurate phase transition. Possible origins of the other modes are also briefly discussed.
Ferroelectric Transitions in Diperiodic Systems
Authors: Hatch Dorian M. , Stokes Harold T.
Published: March 2014

Ferroelectric phase transitions in the 80 diperiodic space groups are discussed. The lower symmetry space groups arise from single multicomponent order parameters in systems of diperiodic symmetry. We obtain and list ferroelectric-nonferroelastic transitions and ferroelastoelectric transitions. These transitions are obtained by imposing appropriate restrictions on the point groups for adjacent phases. We also indicate those transitions which are allowed to be continuous within the Landau theory.
Vibronic Theory of Structural Phase Transition and Tricritical Point in IV-VI Compounds
Authors: Sakai Kazuo
Published: March 2014

The vibronic theory of structural phase transition is reexamined for IV-VI compounds in terms of thermal Green function method in mean field approximation taking into account spin-orbit coupling between conduction and valence bands and anharmonic couplings between TA and TO modes.
The carrier concentration dependence of the transition temperature is attributed to that of an elastic constant C
44 due to particle-hole polarization of TA phonon. It is shown at the tricritical point that the ratio of the temperaure coefficient of square of TO frequency becomes divergent, and TA mode softens just below the transition point. The effect of spinorbit coupling is also discussed.
Origin of Ferroelectricity in Highly-Polar Oxides: Small Changes of Chemical Bonding Enhanced by Local Electric Field
Authors: Gervais François
Published: March 2014

The infrared reflection spectra of strontium titanate are fitted with a new dielectric function model which takes explicitely into account the couplings of the soft ferroelectric mode with the other polar modes. The origin of ferroelectricity in oxidic perovskites is understood as a consequence of a weak softening of the mode internal to the oxygen octahedra, induced by small changes of the chemical bonding of the pairs formed by oxygen and a transition metal ion, and considerably enhanced by energy level repulsion phenomena.
Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties KxNa1-xSr1.22Ba0.78Nb5O15 Single Crystals
Authors: Zhong W. L. , Zhang P. L. , Chen H. C. , Chen F. S. , Song Y. Y.
Published: March 2014

The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of K
x
Na1-x
Sr1.22Ba0.78Nb5O15 (0\leqslantx\leqslant1) single crystals have been investigated. It was found that the nature of the ferro-paraelectric phase transition varies with composition, for 0\leqslantx\leqslant0.5 the transition is of the second order characterized by approximately zero Δ
T (the difference between Curie temperature and Curie-Weiss temperature), C/C'<4 (the ratio of the Curie constants above and below the transition) and negative ε
E(T)–ε
O(T) (the increament in the dielectric constant induced by DC bias field). For 0.5\leqslantx\leqslant1.0 the transition is of the first order with large Δ
T, C/C'>4 and positive ε
E(T)–ε
O(T). The composition x=0.5 corresponds to the tricritical point for which C/C'≈4, Δ
T≈0 and ε
E(T)≈0.
Structural Phase Transition of NaNbO3 below Room Temperature
Authors: Hidaka Masanori , Fujii Hironari , Maeda Shigeki
Published: March 2014

An energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction was carried out to study the structural property of NaNbO3 around the phase transition between a phase (P) and (N). It is found that this transition shows a large thermal hysteresis of Δ
T being about 100 K, and that the structural instability occurs in the phase (P), as decreasing the cooling speed of the specimen temperature.
Specific Heat Measurements in KTa1-xNbxO3: Quantum Ferroelectricity and Glasslike Properties
Authors: Lawless W. N. , Arenz R. W. , Rytz D. , Buffat P. A.
Published: March 2014

Specific heat data are reported for KTa1-x
Nb
x
O3 mixed crystals with x=0.02, 0.03 and 0.09. The absolute value of the Nb concentration was determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry. At the transition temperature T
c defined by the peak dielectric constant and the onset of spontaneous birefringence, no anomaly associated with T
c is detected in the specific heat. It is suggested that this result provides additional evidence for a diffuse phase transition in quantum ferroelectric KTa1-x
Nb
x
O3. Moreover, for x=0.09, a linear term in the temperature dependence of the specific heat is found below 3 K, in agreement with the general picture of glasslike properties displayed at low temperatures by numerous ferroelectrics.
Reflectance of Co- and Nb-doped BaTiO3 for Photon Energies from 1.8 to 70 eV
Authors: Goudonnet J. P. , Godefroy G. , Inagaki T. , Moretti P. , Williams M. W. , Arakawa E. T.
Published: March 2014

The reflectance spectra of Co- and Nb-doped BaTiO3 crystals have been measured for photon energies from 1.8 to 70 eV. For both types of crystal, structures observed in the 1.8 to 2.3 eV range can be attributed to the presence of residual impurities. Between 2.3 and 3.2 eV the peaks in the reflectance of the Co-doped crystal are found to be of an acceptor charge transfer type. For Nb-doped crystals structures appear at the bottom of the conduction band. For energies larger than 3.2 eV the spectra are characteristic of pure BaTiO3 crystals, in reasonable agreement with those determined by Bauerle et al. and calculated by Michel-Calendini and Moretti.
Rotating Mirror Method for Measuring Refractive Indices of Crystals
Authors: Mitsui Toshiharu , Iio Katsunori , Hanazaki Bunichi , Nakamura Terutaro
Published: March 2014

A novel method using a rotating mirror has been developed for rapid and accurate measurements of the temperature dependence of refractive indices of crystals. By this technique, the indices can be determined to an accuracy of 10-5 at a given temperature. In the case of NaNO2, anomalous variations of the indices are clearly observed at the ferroelectric transition temperature.
Piezoelectric Ceramic Transducers for Electronic Telephone Sets
Authors: Ichinose Yutaka , Tobita Mizuhiro
Published: March 2014

Three kinds of piezoelectric ceramic transducers–a transmitter, a receiver and a tone ringer sounder–are developed for new electronic telephone sets. These new transducers use a bimorph diaphragm of equal dimensions, consisting of a piezoelectric ceramic plate and a brass plate. They are designed considering both the fundamental resonance frequency of the diaphragm and the individual frequency responses required for each telephone transducer. The diameter of the transducer is about 33 mm and the thickness is about 6 mm. The volume of the new transducers is reduced to about 1/10 and the number of parts to about 1/2 compared with conventional transducers.
Optical Birefringence Investigation of the Memory Effect in Barium Sodium Niobate
Authors: Tolédano J. C. , Errandonéa G. , Schneck J. , Litzler A. , Savary H. , Bonnouvrier F. , Estéoule M. L.
Published: March 2014

We analyze optical birefringence measurements subsequent to annealings at various temperatures in the incommensurate phase of Ba2NaNb5O15. We observe a complex behaviour assigned to the fact that a coexistence of the incommensurate phase with the “quasicommensurate” phase can be induced by the annealings. Results concerning the role of stoechiometry defects are also discussed.
Improved PTCR Materials Based on Ba1-xPbxTiO3 Systems
Authors: Meidong Liu , Liandi Jia , Hsiwei Lai , Zhixiong Chen , Xi Yao
Published: March 2014

Improved PCTR materials based on Ba1-x
Pb
x
TiO3 systems have been fabricated by the mixed oxide method. Experimental results proved that PTCR materials with a small grain-sized in the range of 2 to 5 µm and an average density around 95% of theoretical can be produced from the solid state reaction of mixed oxides while rapid firing technique involving extremely short hold times at the highest sintering temperature is applied.
The kind of specimens with the Curie temperature around 300°C exhibited the resistivity at room temperature less than 103 ohm-cm and the PTCR effect of 4 orders of magnitude.
Single Crystal Growth of Ferroelectrics and Application to SAW Devices
Authors: Hirano Hitoshi
Published: March 2014

Using ferroelectric single crystals of LiTaO3, many kinds of SAW devices have been set successfully in industrial massproduction area, in which the production amount a month has been totalling up to several millions pieces.
This warranted position of the crystal has been built up on the following constituents-the wise selection of SAW propagation and substrate cut directions made on the crystal, which is the X-Cut 112° rotated Y propagation of LiTaO3, and the adequate improvement of crystal growth technique made on C
Z method, which has done easy to massproduce the large diameter crystal grown parallel to the substrate cut direction.
The position has been confirmed by the high reliability, high reproducibility, and low failure rate in the SAW devices using these crystals.
An Order-Disorder Transition Model of Sodium Azide (NaN3)
Authors: Suzuki Ikuo , Ishibashi Yoshihiro
Published: March 2014

We have tried to construct a simple order-disorder model which will hopefully reproduce one of the most characteristic features of the ferroelastic transition in NaN3 that the first order transition required by the Landau condition is quite close to the second order one. Unfortunately the present model has turned out to be not very promising.
On the 83 K Ferroelastic Phase Transition in Benzil
Authors: Yoshihara Akira , Yoshizawa Masahito , Yasuda Hideo , Fujimura Tadao
Published: March 2014

The 83 K ferroelastic phase transition of Benzil has been studied by means of dielectric, sound velocity and specific heat measurements.
X-ray Study of the Geometrical Isotope Effect on the Phase Transition of KH3(SeO3)2
Authors: Noda Yukio , Furukawa Koichi , Yamada Yasusada , Shimomura Osamu
Published: March 2014

A high pressure and low temperature x-ray experiment was performed to study the isotope effect on the phase transition of KH3(SeO3)2 (KTS). By using a single crystal of KTS in a diamond anvil pressure cell, temperature and pressure dependences of the order parameters (spontaneous strain Δα) in the lower symmetry phase and the lattice parameters in the higher symmetry phase are precisely measured. The phase transition temperature T
c reduces to zero when pressure is raised up to 1.3 Gpa, while the distance between two oxigens at P=1.3 Gpa and T=10K is estimated to be 2.47 Å. These experimental results are explained by taking the geometrical isotope effect on the interaction energy J into account. The tunneling frequency \varOmega does not seem to play any important role on T
c.
Phase Transitions in CsH3(SeO3)2 and CsD3(SeO3)2
Authors: Ichikawa Mizuhiko , Liminga Rune , Lundgren Jan-Olof , Edström Kristina
Published: March 2014

Three phase transitions have been observed in CsD3(SeO3)2 using differential scanning calorimetry combined with measurements of the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant, lattice constants, and superlattice-reflection intensities. It is shown that a transition at -65°C reported for the first time corresponds to the antiferroelectric -128°C transition in CsH3(SeO3)2.
Two additional transitions in the deuterated compound were observed in the room-temperature range, both accompanied by pronounced thermal hysteresis. One of these phases may appear in a monoclinic modification, in contrast to the triclinic antiferroelectric and paraelectric phases.
Electric-Field-Induced Phase Transition in Polymer Gels
Authors: Hirotsu Shunsuke
Published: March 2014

Application of a dc electric field on an ionized isopropylacrylamide gel changes its volume and under appropriate conditions induces a phase transition. The electric field stabilizes a shrunken phase, thus lowers the transition temperature. Various observations show that the field effect in gel is due to migration of ions. Under a relatively large field, gel not only shrinks but also swells so that a curious phenomena of oscillating volume change and oscillating phase transitions occur. Mechanisms of the field-induced volume change are considered qualitatively.
Multilayer Piezoelectric Ceramic Actuators and Their Applications
Authors: Takahashi Sadayuki
Published: March 2014

A piezoelectric ceramic actuator, with low driving voltage and high energy conversion efficiency, has been fabricated by the tapecasting method. It has many layered structure internal electrodes, connected electrically in parallel. Operation is based upon a piezoelectric stiffened effect.
For an acrtuator 9 mm in length and with 2×3 mm cross sectional dimensions and 115 µm gaps between individual internal electrodes, 6.6 µm free displacement and 18.7 kgf clamping force can be obtained, when applying DC 100 V.
It has been confirmed that the actuator is useful for a miniaturized light polarization control system and high performance impact matrix printer head.
Properties of Molybdenum Trioxide Thin Films
Authors: Uno Takehiko , Onuki Kota
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a study of the electrical and electromechanical properties of MoO3 thin films deposited onto metal-coated substrates. Rectifing effects are observed in the metal-MoO3-metal structures. Remarkable voltage responses to mechanical stress applied to the MoO3 film are also observed. These phenomena may not be caused by piezoelectricity but may rather involve the electrochromic effect of MoO3 due to its long relaxation time of a few seconds.
Preparation of PLZT Ceramics by Oxalate Method in Ethanol Solution
Authors: Song Byung-Moo , Kim Doh-Yeon , Yamamura Hiroshi , Shirasaki Shin-ichi , Tanada Masahide
Published: March 2014

PLZT powder was prepared by oxalate method in ethanol solution and its grain growth and electro-optic property were investigated. The coprecipitation in ethanol solution produced homogeneous PLZT oxalate having very fine particle size, which is usually much agglomerated. But washing by pure ethanol showed a high dispersion effect of the agglomerated powders due to the removal of water of crystallization, so that the crystalline structure was destroyed, resulting in the amorphous phase. The PLZT 9/65/35 powder thus obtained was hot-pressed after calcined. This sample which showed a good transparency was again heat-treated at 1200°C in air. Increases of both grain size which followed aparabolic growth law and electro-optic coefficient were observed with heat treatment time.
Passive Properties of 3-1-1 Piezoelectric Composites
Authors: Munns A. G. , Twiney R. C. , Whatmore R. W.
Published: March 2014

The passive piezoelectric properties of composite structures containing PZT-5H rods embedded in epoxy resin and using transverse glass fibre reinforcement in a 3–1–1 connectivity have been investigated. In passive mode, it has been shown that d

h
and g

h
are strong functions of ceramic volume fraction, v

f
; respectively increasing and decreasing linearly over the range v

f
=0.063 to 0.277 for both 1 mm and 0.6 mm square ceramic rods. The d

h
·g

h
product is a much weaker function of v

f
. It has been demonstrated that the elastic modulus of the epoxy resin has a marked effect upon the d

h
·g

h
product obtained and results are presented showing the variation of g

h
with temperature and pressure up to 500 psi.
Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor Using Modified Lead Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Ichinose Noboru , Hirao Yousuke , Nakamoto Masayuki , Yamashita Youhachi
Published: March 2014

Pyroelectric properties of (Pb, Ca) [(Co1/2W1/2)]TiO3 ceramics have been studied by changing the Ca concentration. With an increase in Ca concentration, the pyroelectric coefficient P and figure of merit F
v increased and reached 4.43×10-8 C cm-20C-1, and 0.61×10-10 C cmJ-1, respectively. Pyroelectric characteristics have been improved to twice the values for the PbTiO3 ceramics.
The maximum responsivity R
v value versus chopping frequency is obtained in a less than 1 Hz frequency range. Responsivity R
v and specific detectivity D
* are 780 V/W, and 1.1×108 cm √Hz/W at 1 Hz, respectively. The sensor is applicable for use as a human body sensor.
Dielectric Properties of Ceramic Lead Germanate Derivatives
Authors: Matsumoto Kazutoshi , Kobayashi Nobuo , Takada Ko , Takamatsu Keiji , Ichimura Hiroshi , Takahashi Koichiro
Published: March 2014

Dielectric properties of Pb5-x
A
x
Ge3-y
B
y
O11 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, La, Bi–Ag; B=Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Mg-W or Al–Nb) have been investigated for an application to a pyroelectric detector. The ceramics substituted by Sr and Ba for Pb site and by Si for Ge site showed higher values of pyroelectric coefficient than the pure lead germanate (abbreviated to PGO here) ceramic. However, taking into account the values of Curie temperature, Ba- and Sr-substituted ceramics (PBGO and PSGO, respectively) are quite useful. At room temperature, the figures of merit of the PBGO with x=0.05 and the PSGO with x=0.025∼0.075 are comparable to that of the PGO single crystal. The pyroelectric coefficient of the PSGO with x=0.05 measured directly is 7.4 nC/K·cm2, which is larger than that evaluated from a P
s-value obtained from D–E hystrisis loop, assuming a second order transition.
A New Method of the Temperature Measurement by Ferroelectricity
Authors: Fu-Tian Cao , Wen-Zhuang Zhou
Published: March 2014

This paper has suggested a new method of the temperature measurement by ferroelectricity. It is using a probe that is made of the ferroelectric crystal.
The new method has the merits both of contact type and non-contact type, it's accuracy can reach to 0.005°C.
Interband Electronic Raman Scattering in SrTiO3
Authors: Uwe Hiromoto , Sakudo Tunetaro , Yamaguchi Hirotaka
Published: March 2014

We have found that Raman spectra of semiconducting SrTiO3 exhibit, in addition to phonon spectra of pure SrTiO3, a low frequency band below 50 cm-1 and two higher frequency ones around 150 cm-1 below temperature at ca 70 K, which are identified as due to the electronic interband transitions among the lowest, second-higher, and spin-orbit split-off conduction bands at the zone center. The Raman shift of the higher bands nearly coincides with the value estimated from the spin-orbit interaction of Ti-3d electron. The experimantal spectra are reproduced by using the joint density of states based on the band parameters which are obtained in the recent Shubnikov de Haas experiment and also taking into account effect of life time broadening. The final state of higher energy is found to have the shorter life time in the Raman process.
Ferroelastic Bubbles and Periodic Gratings in Neodymium Pentaphosphate
Authors: Meeks S. W. , Auld B. A. , Newnham R. E.
Published: March 2014

Tunable periodic ferroelastic domain wall gratings in neodymium pentaphosphate (NPP) are presented. These arrays have excellent diffraction patterns and may be tuned from periods of 100 microns to 0.5 microns. A free energy theory is presented which predicts the stability of the periodic arrays and their eventual collapse at very short periods. Photographs of ferroelastic bubbles are shown. These elastic bubbles are a newly-discovered domain structure and are the analog to ferromagnetic bubbles. A method of optically nucleating planar domain walls in NPP is presented. This technique may eventually lead to an optical ferroelastic domain wall memory.
Influence of γ-ray Irradiation on the Ferroelectric Properties of CsH2PO4 and CsD2PO4
Authors: Imai K. , Ishida H. , Seiyama T.
Published: March 2014

After the single crystals of CsH2PO4 and CsD2PO4, were irradiated by γ-rays, their dielectric constants, spontaneous polarizations and heat-capacities were measured with various doses radiated up to 600 MR. Their magnitudes decrease, and their Curie temperatures shift toward lower temperatures; especially, it should be noted that the heat capacities decrease not only in T<T
C but also in T>T
C. The results are discussed based upon some theoretical models.
Blockage of TGS Crystals Ageing
Authors: Franco F. , Folgado A. Lopez , Fernandez-Ferrer J.
Published: March 2014

TGS ageing process is blocked by metallic ion-diffusion inside the crystal or by Iodine-diffusion. These diffusions change the electric properties of crystals and the Iodine-fiffusion causes variations of the Curie point. The treated crystals become semiconductor.
An Interpretation of Ferroelectric Crystal Ageing
Authors: Franco F. , López-Folgado A. , Franco G. , Fernándex-Ferrer J.
Published: March 2014

By SEM and TEM of film replicae a lot of virgin and aged (electrical and thermal fatigues) of different ferroelectric families are studied. We conclude that the ageing proccess is caused by the growth of ferroelectric crystalline inclusion.
Dielectric Properties of KNbO3 Prepared by Rapid–Quenching
Authors: Takahashi Koichiro , Ueda Hiroshi , Suzuki Takeyuki , Kakegawa Kazuyuki
Published: March 2014

A new type of twin-roller(soft-roller) for rapid-quenching was developed, which is most suitable for producing amorphous and crystalline films of brittle materials such as ceramics, metals and alloys.
By the use of this apparatus, amorphous and crystalline films of KNbO3 composition were prepared, which are not only very thin (50–100 µm), wide and long, but also of enough good quality for measuring electrical properties.
Amorphous-ceramics and sintered bodies of the system were characterized by X-ray. Their electrical properties such as dielectric, ferroelectric and pyroelectric ones were measured, so that these results suggest a possibility of applying the crystallized films to a pyroelectric detector.
Growth of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 Single Crystals
Authors: Rytz D. , Wechsler B. A. , Kirby K. W. , Nelson C. C.
Published: March 2014

Single crystals of Ba1-x
Sr
x
TiO3 have been grown with Sr concentrations in the range 0.015<x<0.035 by the Czochralski technique. The Sr concentration in the crystals and the total impurity content have been determined by various techniques. Due to the addition of Sr to the melt, the cubic phase is stabilized at the growth temperature. Cubic crystals transform to a ferroelectric tetragonal phase below a concentration dependent transition temperature T
c. From differential scanning calorimetry measurements, the empirical relation T
c=132–440 x was obtained.
Relationship Between the Growth Temperature and Domain Structure of GASH
Authors: Boudjema El Harbi , Beudon Didier , Bihan Raymond Le , Hilczer Bozena , Szczepanska Ludoslawa
Published: March 2014

GASH single crystals grown at 40°, 60° and 70°C are obtained by static method at low supersaturation and investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In all these crystals antiparallel ferroelectric domain structures are observed outside a central hexagonal zone. With the electron beam, domains have been nucleated only outside this hexagone with variation of the conditions versus the growing temperature. On cleaved faces, hillocks are observed and analyzed.
Studies of Co+ and Co+-V0 Defects in Cubic and Tetragonal BaTiO3 Crystals according to a Molecular Orbital Model
Authors: Moretti P. , Michel-Calendini F. M. , Godefroy G. , Hafid L.
Published: March 2014

An attempt is made to know if Co substituted for Ti4+ in BaTiO3 may be stabilized in a monovalent state. Energy level schemes for cubic and tetragonal Co1+ centers are provided through the Xα molecular method. A critical examination of these results is presented, together with the effects of the spin configuration, the variation of the oxygen octahedron size and the presence of an oxygen vacancy. It is suggested that Co1+ may exist only at low symmetry sites.
High Temperature Elastic Anomalies in LiTaO3 and LiNbO3
Authors: Tomeno Izumi , Matsumura Sadao
Published: March 2014

Elastic constants C
11
E, C
33
P and C
44
E for single domain LiTaO3 and LiNbO3 crystals were determined over the temperature range from 300 to above 970 K using the ultrasonic phase comparison method. Corresponding effective constants C'ii for multidomain LiTaO3 (i=1, 3 and 4) and LiNbO3 (i=1 and 3) crystals were also measured. The marked difference in temperature dependence of C
44
P–C
44
E between these crystals can be interpreted on the basis of the interaction including only electrostrictive coupling above T
C. Constants C'33 for two crystals were nearly equal to C
33
E. The elastic constant difference C
33
P–C
33
E had weak temperature dependence except for near T
C. The results for C
33
P–C
33
E are explain- ed by introducing a higher order interaction between the strain and the fourth power of polarization.
Computer Model of Pre-Twinning Stresses in Quartz Discs
Authors: Friedel W. , Kittinger E. , Tichý J. , Swoboda G.
Published: March 2014

A three-dimensional finite element model for a quartz crystal disc compressed between the steel rams of a press is presented. Simulating the interaction between the isotropic pressure transmitting plates and the anisotropic crystal by assuming nonslipping contact, the local distribution of pre-twinning stresses is computed. From this an effective piezoelectric sensitivity is determined and compared with experiment. The stresses also allow the calculation of the local Gibbs potential which is used to discuss tendencies during the early stages of ferrobielastic switching (formation of secondary Dauphiné twins).
Temperature Behavior of Dielectric and Electromechanical Coupling Properties of Samarium Modified Lead Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Xue W. R. , Kim J. N. , Jang S. J. , Cross L. E. , Newnham R. E.
Published: March 2014

Dielectric and electromechanical coupling properties of Sm-and Mn-doped PbTiO3 ceramics have been investigated. Small changes in the relative dielectric permittivity with frequency and temperature of rare earth modified PbTiO3 suggest that the polarizability is mainly intrinsic. Large anisotropic electromechanical coupling has been observed with the proper poling treatment. The ratio of thickness to planar coupling coefficient, k

t
/k

p
, is larger than 50 near room temperature.
New Ceramic Electrode for Piezoelectric Buzzer
Authors: Nomura S. , Yoshino H. , Yamashita Y.
Published: March 2014

Electrical conductive oxide for electrode were investigated, and the piezoelectric characteristics were measured for lead zirconate titanate (PZT) resonator with the conductive oxide. Printable pastes were made using conductive oxides having perovskite type structure such as BaPbO3, BaPb1.2O3, BaPb0.8Bi0.2O3, BaPb0.8Sb0.2O3 and La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 with glass frits and organic vehicles. The electrical resistivities of these pastes were measured at room temperature by four probe method, which were 1.4×10-2 ohm–cm for BaPbO3 paste and 2.3×10-2 ohm–cm for La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 paste.
The piezoelectric resonators were obtained with Kp=39%, tan
δ=3.2% and C=24nF for electrode of BaPbO3 paste and with Kp=31%, tan
δ=6.8% and C=39nF for electrode of La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 paste.
A Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Motor
Authors: Kumada Akio
Published: March 2014

A piezoelectric ultrasonic motor is constructed by tightly contacting a rotor to a piezoelectric ultrssonic resonator with eliptical vibrstion (PUREV). The PUREV successfully operated with a torsion coupler in which a torsional mode coupled with a bending mode is excited by the same frequency longitudinal vibration.
The typical values of the present motor are 120 r.p.m. with no load, and 90 r.p.m. with a load of 13 kg-cm, under a 40 kHz/100 volt sinsoidal voltage, i.e. 12 watts with 80% efficiency. These values correspond to a high output power density of 80 W/kg over the limit value 30 W/kg expected in the ordinary motors.
Crystal Structure of [N(CH3)4]2CuBr4
Authors: Hasebe Katsuhiko , Mashiyama Hiroyuki , Tanisaki Sigetosi
Published: March 2014

The crystal structure of [N(CH3)4]2CuBr4 was studied at 90, 70, 50, 38, 25°C in the paraelectric phase and at -33.5°C in the ferroelectric phase by the use of the data collected by a four-circle diffractometer. From the large values of temperature parameters of constituent atoms in the paraelectric phase and their variation with temperature we propose a model that all the constituent ions are in disorder in the paraelectric phase. In the ferroelectric phase(-33.5°C), the ions are almost in order. Structure of [N(CH3)4]2ZnCl4 in the paraelectric and ferroelectric phases is referred for comparison.
Incommensurate Phase Transitions for Antiferroelectrics and Ferrielectrics
Authors: Kishigami Jun'ichi , Onodera Akira , Cynshi Osamu , Shiozaki Yoichi
Published: March 2014

In order to examine the fundamental properties of the incommensurate phase transition of antiferroelectrics and ferrielectrics, the inhomogeneous free energy f(p
1(x),p
2(x)) with an additional term p
1(d
p
2/d
x) -p
2(d
p
1/d̄x) is studied in terms of sublattice polarizations p
1(x) and p
2(x). Just below T
inc, p
1=ρsin
(k
x), p
2=ρsin
(k
x-φ) for antiferroelectrics, and p
1=ρsin
(k
x), p
2=-√(f
1+κK
2)/(f
2+κK
2) ρsin
(k
x-φ) for ferrielectrics. The shift of phase φ is observed for the both models in the incommensurate phase even just below T
inc. The amplitude change is expected only for ferrielectrics. The numerical results of the dielectric susceptibility and the free energy are given.
Quantum Para-, Ferro-, and Random Electric Behaviors in Oxide Perovskites
Authors: Müller K. Alex
Published: March 2014

An introduction to and a survey of quantum para- and ferro-electric behavior in oxide perovskites are given. In the paraelectric case, quantum fluctuations stabilize the disordered state with a high, temperature-independent dielectric constant. Application of uniaxial stress or ion substitution can induce a quantum ferroelectric state at a special quantum multicritical point (QMCP). The occurrence of or crossover to a random-field induced domain state in partially substituted crystals is reviewed. The emphasis is on SrTiO3 studies and on Sr1-x
Ca
x
TiO3 mixed crystals, but contact is made to stressed KTaO3 and substitution of K+ or Ta5+ ions
Molecular Reorientaion Process in Chiral Smectic I Liquid Crystal
Authors: Ouchi Yukio , Uemura Tsuyoshi , Takezoe Hideo , Fukuda Atsuo
Published: March 2014

The molecular alignment in chiral smectic I (SmI*) phase with the bond orientational hexatic ordering in the layer has been studied by observing surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal cells of 8SI* under an optical polarizing microscope. With decreasing temperature from SmC* to SmI*, two twisted states change to two corresponding uniform states. Under an appropriate condition in SmI*, there appear four distinct states which are corresponding to the in-plane projection of the six sites of the hexagonal net. These four states are divided by two kinds of boundaries, which rotate the C-director by ±π/3 and ±π, respectively.
A Relaxational Central-Mode in KDP
Authors: Sakai Akira , Yagi Toshirou
Published: March 2014

The dynamics of the ferroelectric phase transition of KDP has been studied by the use of a high-resolution light-scattering system, which is composed of a Fabry-Perot interferometer and a double monochromator, in the frequency range from 0 to 10 cm-1. The spectra observed in the x(y
x)y geometry show a broad central component which grows up near the phase transition temperture T
c. This component is analyzed by using a Debye-type susceptibility function which includes the polarization relaxation time τ and the static susceptibility χ(0). It is found that τ shows a critical slowing down and χ(0) obeys the Curie-Weiss law. The origin of the central component is assigned to fluctuating polarization which becomes divergent near T
c. The phase transition in KDP is well explained by an order-disorder mechanism of the polarization.