bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islamic Perspectives on Reducing Meat Consumption to Promote Earth’s Sustainability
Authors: Batchelor Daud Abdul-Fattah
Published: July 2021

Livestock farming and meat consumption, especially red meat, both have a severe impact on the Earth’s environment and sustainability, causing forest destruction, wildlife extinctions, excessive greenhouse gas emissions, and global climate change. Currently, as a protein source for the world’s rapidly expanding middle class populations, increased meat consumption will likely put excessive strain on Earth’s well-being, exceeding planetary boundaries of safety. Although God Almighty provided livestock for human benefit, today considerations of protecting the higher objectives (maqasid) of Islamic shariah, the fiqh principle (qawa’id) of reducing harm, and also promoting social equity and physical health, require Muslims to reduce meat consumption and live more simply, like the Prophet (pbuh) and his Companions, who were ‘semivegetarians’.

The review of animal sacrifice in Islam, particularly during the annual Eid ul-‘adha celebration, confirms that Islam strongly promotes these practices. However, the alternative to sacrificing (fasting for Tamattu’ and Qiran pilgrims) should be availed upon wherever possible, not just during Eid ul-‘adha. Mujtahids should investigate in which situations, such as following large-scale human calamities or cases of severe environmental harm, Islam may permit the giving of sadaqah or other aid instead of the traditional sacrifice.
Quranic Cosmogony: The Perspectives of Contemporary Muslim Commentators
Authors: Hossain Sabbir , Ibrahim Mazlan , Ismail Indriaty
Published: July 2021

The origin of the cosmos is one of the most intriguing queries facing mankind. The Qur’an presents substantial information pertaining to this matter. In this paper, a Qur’anic cosmogony, comprising physical as well as metaphysical aspects, is presented based on a number of prominent contemporary Qur’anic translations and commentaries. It is revealed that commentaries on Qur’anic cosmogonical verses vary significantly. The paper then presents the qualitative and quantitative features of Qur’anic cosmogony, and deduces some general features and principles pertaining to cosmogony. It also suggests an integrated multidimensional approach in order to articulate cosmological notions from the Qur’an.
Islam and the Cultural Imperative
Authors: Abd-Allah Umar Faruq
Published: July 2021

This article addresses the fundamental need for Muslims to consciously establish and renew new, unique cultural identities. To lay down roots and survive, Islam must reflect the good in the world’s diverse races and ethnicities. Historically, Islamic jurists have upheld the Prophet’s legal precedent for respecting non-Arabs’ ethnic and cultural differences as long as they did not contravene his teaching. In this article, many of the different tools of Islamic law are highlighted, and the opportunities that they provide are emphasised, in an effort to show how cultures can be established and renewed. Due to those tools, Islam’s spread and triumphant past reflects this glorious global culture. Like a crystal clear river, Islam and sacred law are pure but colourless, until they reflect the Chinese, African, and other bedrock over which they flow.
A Position on the Islamic Concept of Citizenship and Muslim Minorities
Authors: Akgunduz Ahmet
Published: July 2021

This article offers an individual scholar’s interpretation of the concept of citizenship and Muslim minorities from the perspective of Islamic law. The issues to be discussed are: 1. The classical Islamic legal view of a ‘division’ of the world and its affects on these concepts. Can we put aside these concepts? Are European countries today still to be considered dar al-harb or dar al-kufr or rather dar al-ahd or dar al-aman? 2. What is the meaning of ‘citizenship’ and ‘religious minorities’ in a Muslim territory? 3. Are Muslims permitted to accept ‘residence permits’ and citizenship in non-Muslim countries? And finally 4. Should Muslims who live in European countries be referred to as ‘minorities’ or ‘citizens’?
Catholics and Muslims in Dialogue: Working Together to Serve Others
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

This paper explores the ways Muslims and Catholics can cooperate to help the youth and advance better interreligious understanding among themselves. Cooperation needs to be informed by the nature of the issues involved and how best they can be addressed. The youth feel marginalised and in the decision-making bodies, the employment sector and government. Youth culture and lifestyle, youth issues among minority religious communities are also faced with challenges. The second part on interreligious dialogue looks into the ways how Catholics and Muslims have engaged with one another in the past, their main achievements, and the challenges they have faced in better understanding one another. Interreligious dialogue has also developed in various ways and become diversified over the years, not just focusing on doctrinal matters but also on practical cooperation. The aftermath of 9/11 brought our two communities face to face with new challenges over the spread of outlandish and extremist interpretations of our religions and the more pressing threats to security and peace we now face on both sides. The paper concludes with a set of practical recommendations.
The 'White Army of Terror': European Converts to Islam and Public Imagination
Authors: Bastoszewicz Monika Gabriela
Published: July 2021

This paper focuses on the representation of European converts to Islam in the public imagination. Firstly, the theoretical grounds for representations of converts in public imagination are identified and media images of converts involved in political violence are presented. The second part of the paper discusses the three prevailing motifs pertaining to European converts to Islam within the context of political violence. The Young and Angry, Swift and Deadly, and Gullible and/or Brainwashed motifs present in public imagination, and ubiquitous in the media and pop culture, are often mimicked in scholarly analyses. While these three images are not the only media representations of European converts to Islam, they are the most prevalent and thus indicate the main influences in shaping the public imagination. This paper accordingly elucidates how such conceptualisation leads to a false and misleading perception of the connection between European converts to Islam and terrorism.
Can Rights be the Underlying Assets of Sukuk?: The Malaysian Experience
Authors: Sa'ad Auwal Adam
Published: July 2021

Sukuk market has hitherto focused on issuances based on intangible underlying assets. Right (haqq) is intangible in nature which can in principle include government awards, goodwill, trademarks, receivables and other related rights as applied in the Islamic capital markets. This paper looks into the opinions of classical Muslim schools and scholars on whether or not these assets are acceptable assets for sukuk. The paper incorporates analysis of the current applications of right as an underlying asset for sukuk in Malaysia. The analysis includes a case study on sukuk that uses right as an underlying asset, and raises some Shari’ah questions surrounding its applications. The study stipulates that right is an eligible asset for sukuk transactions, because it is valuable and capable of ownership and possession. However, it is recommended that sukuk based on government award should only be issued by government entities; private companies should not issue sukuk based on government awards because it was based on iqta’ principle which only the government has the right to grant its ownership to the general public.
The Federal Constitution: Is Malaysia a Secular State?
Authors: Mohamed Adil Mohamed Azam
Published: July 2021

The discussion on whether Malaysia is an Islamic or secular state has been a much hotly debated topic recently. In the government’s written answer to a question raised by Oscar Ling Chai Yew (DAP-Sibu) at Dewan Rakyat on 16 June 2014, Jamil Khir, Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department re-asserted that Malaysia is an Islamic state. This view was supported by Tun Mahathir Mohamad arguing that in an Islamic state like Malaysia, justice applies to all, Muslims and non-Muslims alike. This was re-affirmed by Amin Mulia, the Dewan Rakyat’s Speaker that Malaysia is an Islamic state simply because Islam is the only religion stated in the Federal Constitution. Unlike Turkey and India where the word “secular” is clearly provided in their respective Constitutions, such provision is not found in the Federal Constitution.
Globalisation and Muslim Minorities: Integration and Identity Dialectics in the West
Authors: Mohiuddin Asif
Published: July 2021

In much of the popular literature, globalisation is frequently associated with an increasing economic integration. However, from the perspective of Muslim minorities, globalisation has led to phenomenal changes in the processes of integration and identity construction that have resulted in a flourishing of composite discourses and narratives on integration and identity. This paper explores the issues related to Muslim minorities in the context of globalisation. While examining the issues related to Muslim immigration and integration, it attempts to understand how far the policies of immigration and integration have bolstered insecurity and exclusion within the multicultural societies in the West. Furthermore, this paper analyses the emergence of multiple identities among Muslim minority groups in response to discriminatory policies and practices. Finally, in order to situate the Muslim minorities in an endless pursuit of developing an open, free and diverse political community, the paper focuses on a meaningful dialogue that attempts to promote inclusion within the society.
The Rise and Decline of Scientific Productivity in the Muslim World: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Al-Andalusi Asadullah Ali
Published: July 2021

Scientific productivity has been in decline in the Muslim world since as early as the 15th century and is only now reviving. Many factors have been attributed to the rise and decline, falling under two broad categories: external and internal influences. The popular understanding of scientific decline in the Muslim world, known as the ‘classical narrative’ promulgated by orientalists, suggests that only external influences - mainly the synthesis of Persian and Greek elements of civilisation into the Arab imperialist project - were the reasons for the sharp rise of the sciences within Islamic civilisation. Simultaneously, this narrative also suggests that internal influences, exemplified in the impact of Al-Ghazali’s thought towards a more conservative religious approach, as opposed to the more ‘rationalist’ elements of the Mutazilite School of theology -  played the most significant role in decline. This paper shows that the classical narrative is invalid, that there were more legitimate factors at play in both the rise and decline of science in the Muslim world, and that the contemporary stagnation in scientific productivity is a result of this misunderstanding.
Commemorating the International Mother Language Day: Resisting "Banglish"
Authors: Al-Mubarak Tawfique
Published: July 2021

21 February marks the International Mother Language Day (IMLD). The day was first recognised as an international day for celebration in November 1999 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Since February 2000, International Mother Language Day is being observed globally to recognise and promote cultural and linguistic diversity. In 2007, the UN General Assembly called upon its member states “to promote the preservation and protection of all languages used by peoples of the world.” This resolution was followed by a proclamation designating the year 2008 as the ‘International Year of Languages,’ aimed at promoting unity in diversity and international understanding through multilingualism and multiculturalism. UNESCO celebrates the day - 21 February - in commemoration of the language martyrs of the ‘Bangla language movement.’
Women in the Workplace: Shari'ah and Contemporary Perspectives
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

An attempt is made in the following pages to expound Shari’ah positions on women’s right to work and her freedom to choose the work she undertakes, and then also to own its proceeds regardless of her marital status. It is important to explain the Islamic perspective in this regard as it is influential in determining public perceptions among Muslims even if statutory legislation may have ruled on the rights in question. Yet one of the challenges of general concern is also that the Shari’ah positions on women’s rights are often conflated with patriarchal customs that undermine women’s rights. Women’s conditions vary widely among Muslim countries and regions which tend to have cultural characteristics of their own, and face similar but also different challenges. Yet perceptions and attitudes prejudicial to gender equality still persist to the effect that women should stay at home and those who try to secure outside employment should obtain their husband or guardian’s permission first. With the exception perhaps of educated professional women in urban centres, women who seek employment opportunities, let alone equal status with men, often risk loss of family support, even being ostracised, especially in places where the conditions of women have not changed much in recent decades.
Acehnese Women Struggle for Peace and Justice: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Husin Asna
Published: July 2021

We explore the concept of peace from a broader sense than merely the absence of war, through the eyes of Acehnese women who continue to strive for better political representation and social justice utilising Islam as their foundational point. The study analyses Islamic principles of peace, cultural beliefs and practices, as well as the political environment, which engulfed Aceh. Historical accounts and academic research form a theoretical base for our analysis, while interviews with influential women, Ulama leaders, political figures as well as community activists provide integral content for our survey. This inquiry concludes that in spite of widespread political conservatism being promoted by the GAM political party of Partai Aceh and parochial religious fanaticism being advocated by certain transnational groupings, women themselves provide hope for gender equality and empowerment. Women of the dayah (Islamic boarding school) and NGO activists may work together to pursue their Islamic endowment of peace and accomplish pragmatic actualisation of equality and justice.
Balancing Text and Context Through Maqasid-Based Ijtihad
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad
Published: July 2021

Contemporary ijtihad is faced with the challenge of relating the revealed text to the surrounding circumstances, i.e. the “text” to the “context” as Tariq Ramadan puts it. This is perhaps why ijtihad is often seen as the principal instrument by which reason is negotiated with revelation. But there may be instances where an asymmetry exists between the text and the context. In such scenarios, one remedy which has been proposed is for the text to be made adapted to the context. However, the context itself may sometimes be interpreted, understood and conceptualised within a framework that may be at odds with the objectives of Shari’ah (maqasid al-shariah). Maqasid-based ijtihad offers a possible way of converging, synthesising and harmonising the context and the text.
Why the Crusades Failed? Narrating the Episode After the Fall of Jerusalem
Authors: Gada Muhammad Yaseen
Published: July 2021

The fall of Jerusalem to the Muslims in 1187 CE1 stood as a severe psychological jolt on the Christian West as they lost after an 88-year-long hegemony over Jerusalem. The subsequent preaching for Crusades invoked the Holy Land but each time the outcome turned to disappointment. The Fourth Crusade resulted in the sack of Constantinople, an act that Christians bemoaned as the crusaders became killers of their fellow Christians. The increasing schism between Byzantium and the Latin-West was coupled with the unity and expansion of the Muslims in the East to ultimately end crusader rule in the Levant with the fall of Acre in 1291. Notwithstanding, the crusading ideology persists today and is often echoed in Muslim as well as non-Muslim voices. The present paper re-tells the story with new insights based on contemporary scholarship on the Crusades following the fall of Jerusalem to Muslim forces. It focuses mainly on the military history and narrates about the ‘how’, ‘what’, and ‘why’ from the Third through to the Ninth Crusade. It also attempts to show that the Crusades were more than just confrontations since considerable cooperation and cultural exchange developed between the protagonists from the reign of Salah al-Din, particularly after the Third Crusade. The paper envisions that the current East-West dissent may be alleviated if scholars and policy makers on both sides attempt to find concrete examples of positive cooperation instead of highlighting instances of conflict from their historical perspectives.
Enhanced Life Expectancy During the Golden Age of Islamic Civilisation
Authors: Batchelor Daud Abdul-Fattah
Published: July 2021

People living in Muslim countries in 2013 had an average life expectancy at birth of just 67 years - four years lower than the global average of 71 years! Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the number of years an individual is expected to live. Global average life expectancy today is much greater than what is was in 1900 - then only 31 years. During the period of the medieval Islamic Caliphate, however, life expectancy at birth of the general population was relatively high, above 35 years, according to Conrad Lawrence (1995) in the book, The Western Medical Tradition: 800 BC to AD 1800. This is greater than longevity figures estimated for late medieval English aristocracy (30 years), and for populations in classical Greece (28 years) and classical Rome (20-30 years).
Juristic Views on Riba, Gharar and Qimar in Life Insurance
Authors: Shalim K. M. Zakir Hossain
Published: July 2021

Throughout the Muslim world, the issue of whether life insurance involves unlawful elements of ribe, gharar and qimer continues to be debated. A heated controversy has been raging over this problem, with Muslim jurists becoming divided into two distinct groups: those who have argued that ribe, gharar and qimer are all in some way involved in life insurance (thereby making the latter Iarem) and others who have denied these arguments. Interestingly, both groups have supported their views with proofs from the sources of Islamic law, creating much confusion in the Muslim world. Hence, this paper examines the different juristic arguments and counter arguments on this issue in order to determine the preferable view. Ultimately, the paper concludes that, conceptually speaking, there is no gharar, ribe, or qimer in conventional life insurance. However, in order for conventional life insurance to be admissible in Islam, the paper has recommended some policies for insurance companies and participants to follow.
Lucrative Busines sof Othering
Authors: Bajrektarevic Anis H.
Published: July 2021

One of the leading figures of Renaissance Europe, Dante, put the Prophet Muhammad in the eighth circle of Hell. The only individuals below Muhammad were Judas, Brutus, and Satan. As Rana Kabbani noted in her luminary piece, Imperial Fictions, “Islam was seen as the negation of Christianity, as anti-Europe…and Muhammed as an Antichrist in alliance with the Devil.” Nevertheless, both religions trace their origin back to Abraham. They also both lived in harmony (or at least cohabitated) within the Middle East (notably in Lebanon, Syria and Iraq). Why, then, was there no wider harmonious relationship between Christian Europe and the Middle East?
Convergences and Divergences in Understanding a Malay Sufi Text of the 17th Century
Authors: Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Nasrin
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the seventeenth-century Acehnese Sufi text known as Haqq al-yaqin fi ‘aqidat al-muhaqiqin (The Certified Faith of the Belief of the Verifiers). Written by the Malay Sufi, Shams al-Din Sumatra’i (d.1630), the paper shows that this text contains aspects of Persian mysticism - although it should not be merely read as a rehash of that brand of mysticism. Persian mystical texts became well-known in Southeast Asia beginning with the famous Hamzah al-Fansuri (d.ca.1602). Shams al-Din Sumatra’i was one of Hamzah’s most important students and, similar to Hamzah, was well-versed in Persian. In the Haqq al-Yaqin, Shams al-Din quotes from two main Persian writers, i.e. Mahmud Shabistari and ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Jami. In this paper, however, we will focus on his usage of Shabistari’s Gulshan-i Raz and its commentary, the Sharh Gulshan-i Raz by Muhammad Lahiji Gilani. The main question driving this paper is whether Shams al-Din’s usage of these quotations converges with Shabistari’s own understanding of them. In other words, did Shams al-Din merely follow Shabistari thereby constituting little more than an imitator of Persian mystical writings and commentaries? Answering this question is crucial for an understanding of how early Muslim scholars viewed text and interpretation as part of their individual identities as scholars. Such findings will also be useful for demonstrating the successful dialogue between the Persian Islamic world and the Malay Islamic world via tasawwuf or ‘irfan.
Sufism and Suzuki Shosan's Japanese Zen Teachings
Authors: Suzuki Yasushi
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to compare the ways toward true enlightenment taught by Islam’s Sufi tradition and the Japanese Zen teacher, Suzuki Shosan. Despite differences in fundamental motivation and ultimate goal, the paper will identify a degree of compatibility between both traditions, particularly in terms of their emphasis on: (1) becoming moral and conveying ethical ideals, (2) devoting oneself to one’s daily work in the proper spirit, and (3) making services for society in order to overcome the obstacles which human beings frequently encounter. Although the peaceful and non-violent Sufi intellectual tradition has been denigrated by recent militant jihad movements and radical Islamism, this paper aims to shed an analytical light on the universal values and ethics Sufism shares with an Eastern religious teaching in order to contribute towards the promotion of an atmosphere of moderation in society.
Terrorism, Banditry and Hirabah: Advancing New Shariah Perspectives
Authors: Kamali``` Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

Hirabah is the nearest Shariah legal concept to terrorism. Modern technological change, however, has altered the nature of this crime so much that corresponding adjustments in the law of hirabah are inevitable. Remote control devices, precision device-timing, vastly destructive weapons, and even suicide bombings were not considered by early Muslim jurists in their scholastic articulations of hirabah. The Qur’anic conception of this crime, on the other hand, is broad enough to accommodate the needed adjustments, and which is what this article attempts to do – in other words, to reconnect the fiqh of hirabah to its Qur’anic origins. This is necessary as, in its global reach, the scourge of contemporary terrorism has greatly pained and anguished, not only Muslims, but humanity at large. The nature of the phenomenon before us demands suitable Shariah responses. To facilitate this, we have attempted to comprehend contemporary terrorism in its own terms. The discussion therefore begins by defining terrorism and hirabah. A review of the principal Qur’anic verse on hirabah is presented at the outset and then followed by a review and analysis of the fiqh of hirabah in the expositions of the leading schools of Islamic law. Being one of the prescribed hudud crimes, the Qur’an provides a four-fold punishment for hirabah, but while also opening the prospect of repentance and pardon for its perpetrators under certain conditions, and which Muslim scholars have elaborated upon in their deliberations. Yet what they have said in this regard has naturally been bound by the conditions of their own environment and time. This has involved elements of interpretation and speculative ijtihad. In our own attempt to bridge the gap between the fiqhi conception of hirabah and contemporary terrorism, we look into contemporary opinion and research on this phenomenon so as to encapsulate its salient new features. Terrorism has been overshadowed, to some extent, by the clamour generated by the so called ‘clash of civilisations,’ by Islamophobia and by confrontational politics, at the expense of reflective Shariah responses to issues. Muslim scholars have provided some through the issuance of fatwa and scholarly opinion, which we also review in a separate section below. The article ends with a conclusion and set of actionable policy recommendations.
Mottainai Ethics and the Sustainability of Our World
Authors: Suzuki Yasushi
Published: July 2021

The International Seminar on Islam and Green Technology, held on 16 November 2016 at IAIS Malaysia, suggested that a considerable gap exists between the ideals of Islamic teachings on environmental protection and the realities of the practices of Muslim individuals and communities. Many speakers therefore proposed that we should ‘change’ our consumption and production behaviours in accordance with the normative teachings of the Qur’an and hadith, which emphasise mankind’s accountability and responsibility towards maintaining balance and harmony in what Allah the Almighty has created. Here I would like to introduce the Japanese ethical concept of ‘mottainai’ in the hope that it can contribute to further discussions on the sustainability of our world.
Statistics in Islamic Scriptures and Legacy
Authors: Ali Qazi M. , Farooq Mohammad Omar
Published: July 2021

Statistics as a modern discipline has emerged and developed as   part of the development of scientific inquiry. While Islamic civilisation has contributed to many key areas of modern knowledge, statistics is one area that has rarely been explored in this context. This paper examines the concept of statistics in Islamic scriptures, particularly the Qur’an, and how the concept has evolved in the history of Islamic civilisation. Evidence presented in the paper sheds important light on how close the modern concept of statistics is to the term al-ihsa’ the Qur’an
Takaful Retirement Annuity Plan in Malaysia: A Proposed Model
Authors: Ali Mohammad Mahbubi , Hussain Lokmanulhakim , Zai Faisal Haroon
Published: July 2021

Islamic insurance, hereafter referred to as takaful, is established on the concept of mutual assistance and mutual assurance between participating members who undertake to mutually guarantee and indemnify one another in case of a particular defined event. This concept has been widely used to structure various takaful products, ranging from general to family takaful, with features that resemble most of the features of conventional insurance. Nevertheless, the fact remains that not all conventional product features can be easily adopted and offered by takaful operators (TOs). This is evident in the absence of a Shariah-compliant model for retirement annuity plans with defined benefit features in the Malaysian takaful industry. This is despite its important features of providing security and peace of mind to the participants during their retirement years. The present study proposes the application of a hibah muallaqah (conditional gift) contract structured together with a wakalah (agency) contract for a Shariah-compliant retirement annuity plan. The study also identifies several potential Shariah issues and operational challenges entangling the proposed model. The study concludes with a set of policy recommendations.
Cryptocurrency As An Alternative Currency In Malaysia: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Yussof Sheila Ainon , Al-Harthy Abdullah Masoud Humaid
Published: July 2021

Fintech (or financial technology) is the current driving force behind innovations in the financial services industry. One of the most debated innovations is cryptocurrency, or digital currency, which uses blockchain technology to make a direct electronic payment between two people possible, without going through a third party (like a bank) or expensive intermediaries in order to save costs. This future money is pressurising central banks to manage the looming threat of redundancy as it overshadows fiat currency in a world of infinite fintech possibilities. Bitcoin, being the first decentralised cryptocurrency, will be the focus of this research. This digital currency is not produced by minting money in an unlimited supply, but through a virtual mining process designed to control the supply of money and make it more valuable. The increasing pace in financial innovation is pushing regulators to make a change in the way they define money and what money can be. Traditionally money is used to serve as a medium of exchange, legal tender for repayment of debt, standard of value, unit of accounting measure and a means to save or store purchasing power. Bitcoin may not fulfill all the functions of money but its scarcity value, anonymity (or pseudonymity), transparency, and autonomy from the government, make it attractive to users who are speculators, traders, merchants, consumers and netizens disenchanted with fiat money. Despite the alluring features of Bitcoin, it is not spared from potential abuses such as webcrimes, tax evasion, fraud, online black markets, money laundering and terrorism financing. In this paper, a forensic examination of Bitcoins benefits and risks will help regulators decide whether to adopt cryptocurrency and provide an appropriate framework to regulate it based on other jurisdictions approach. This paper recommends that Malaysia should fully embrace cryptocurrency due to global trends - the Islamic Development Bank is developing Shariah compliant contracts using blockchain technology; China is leading the drive to develop its own national cryptocurrency to complement fiat money; and a Shariah-compliant cryptocurrency has already entered the market backed by gold (Onegram). Financial and regulatory architectures in Malaysia should accommodate these changes to remain relevant. In addition, future research is recommended focusing on developing a Shariah compliant national cryptocurrency that is unique to Malaysia.
Moataz El Fegiery - Islamic Law and Human Rights: The Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt
Authors: Wani Gowhar Quadir
Published: July 2021

The Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt is one of those Islamist movements in the modern period that commands huge influence both locally and globally. Like other movements, it has crafted a huge corpus of literature articulating its understanding of the religion to which it adheres-Islam-as well as the presentation of its mission. The present book under review is an investigation of the Muslim Brotherhoods understanding as well as exploitation of the language of human rights in the context of Islamic law.
Big Data for the Environment: Opportunities and Challenges from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Shaleh Muhammad Adha
Published: July 2021

The world is increasingly data-driven. So much has been said about environmental data sets capable of yielding greater insights into water conservation, irrigation systems, medicinal knowledge and agriculture. It is no secret now that organisations are using various techniques such as algorithms, cloud computing and sentiment analysis to discover new practices that can aid business operations, research projects and inform policymaking. Characterised by the high volume, variety and velocity of data, environmental information from the internet is growing and changing minute by minute. Inadvertently, the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to confirm its grand position in Industry 4.0. Herein, various data types have been revolutionised, helping researchers to see environmental problems in a whole new light.
Revisiting Traditional, Modern and Islamic Values When Addressing Haze Issues
Authors: Abdullah Shahino Mah , Shaleh Muhammad Adha
Published: July 2021

Almost every year, widespread forest fires from western Sumatra and southern Kalimantan in Indonesia have caused a series of transboundary hazes that have enshrouded parts of Southeast Asia. This disaster has jeopardised health, the economy, agriculture and biodiversity. It has also worsened climate conditions due to its large addition of global greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere. As a result, Indonesia has received great criticism from its neighbours. This disaster is mainly caused by the slash-and-burn methods used to clear land, claimed by many to be a local indigenous farming practice. However, instead of blaming the Indonesian authorities for their inefficient actions, other countries that benefit from Indonesias resources should take responsibility and assist in addressing the issue by finding the root of the problem. A thorough understanding of this matter is necessary and must be initiated by revisiting and exploring local community welfare, culture, and traditional wisdom in order to address and prevent transboundary haze issues. This paper discusses the causes and results of transboundary haze and highlights the importance of traditional wisdom and Islamic teachings for the preservation of the environment (hifz al-biah) and achieving sustainable development goals. It concludes with several policy recommendations for policymakers to consider as a means of preventing this issue from recurring in the future.
Islamist Movements and the Arab Spring
Authors: Al-Arian Abdullah
Published: July 2021

The Arab uprisings of 2011, popularly known as the Arab Spring, were first initiated by a broad range of movements shaped primarily by a non-ideological sense of civic identity. As the uprisings gained momentum, however, Islamist groups were able to utilise their organisational strength and mobilisation capabilities to position themselves at the centre of this watershed moment in modern Middle Eastern history. This article examines the role Islamism came to play in the aftermath of the Arab Spring, notably in the reformulation of the norms of regional governance as authoritarian rule appeared poised to be replaced by a system rooted in democratic legitimacy, independent institutions, and a redefined relationship between the state and its citizens. The article begins with a consideration of the evolution of political Islam in the Arab world, from its origins as a significant social movement actor to its various attempts at political engagement with the state. The articlethen proceeds to a more explicit examine of both political Islams role in the Arab Spring and its apparent intentions for the post-authoritarian order. It is argued that, since the Arab uprisings took place, many Islamist groups have abandoned abstract slogans in favour of coherent political platforms concerned with, amongst other things, the role of Islam in a revised constitution and determining the powers and responsibilities of state institutions. Looking ahead to long-term trends, the interpretation of Shariah, understanding the nature of the civil state, and the shape of democratic participation appear set to become crucial issues within Islamist discourse. The realities of rule, requiring pragmatism and compromise, will almost certainly challenge the ideological orientation of political Islam in the coming years, as Islamists come to realise that political survival is predicated not on ideological purity but on practical results.
STUDY ON SIMULATING CALCULATION AND TEST VERIFICATION OF ACCRETED ICE ON TRANSMISSION LINES
Authors: SI J. J. , LIU S. C. , ZHOU L. X. , LIU B. , LIU Z. , LI D. Q. , LIU L.
Published: July 2021

Relevanting to meteorology, thermodynamic, heat transfer theory and fluid mechanics and being regarded as the process of natural stochastic phase transition, the accreted ice on conductor are dominated by the environmental temperature, wind velocity, water-droplets diameters and conductor structure, etc. So as to study the influence rules of these factors and to achieve the real effect of accreted ice in this paper, the algorithm module of the perpendicular collision process of super-cooled water droplets with the conductor has been developed and the simulation studies on accreted ice under different conditions have been carried out on the basis of theoretical researches. Then some experiments are taken in the phytotron to verify the feasibility of the calculation algorithm.
Впровадження сучасних інноваційних технологій надання державних і муніципальних послуг
Authors: Е.В. Щепанський
Published: July 2021

У статті обґрунтовано теоретичні засади і розроблено практичні рекомендації щодо впровадження інноваційних технологій надання державних і муніципальних послуг в сучасних умовах.
Виклики соціальної (міграційної, інформаційної та ін.) безпеки України в ситуаціях ковідного / надзвичайного характеру як фактори позасистемності й трансформації
Authors: А.Л. Помаза-Пономаренко , О.В. Вербицький
Published: July 2021

У статті розглядаються виклики публічного управління та соціальної безпеки України в ситуаціях ковідного / надзвичайного характеру як фактори позасистемності. Ці виклики визначені за результатами аналізу відповідей респондентів у період їхнього опитування у 2018–2021 рр. Визначено тенденції та заходи публічного управління та соціальної безпеки України в ситуаціях ковідного / надзвичайного характеру.
Організаційно-правові механізми публічного управління в сфері національного цивільного захисту
Authors: І.М. Коробка
Published: July 2021

В статті визначено теоретичні та практичні питання цивільного захисту
(ЦЗ) як об’єкту системи публічного управління в Україні у частині використання
організаційно-правового механізму державного управління та адміністрування в
сфері цивільного захисту. Розкриті категорії та суспільні відносини в сфері
управління ризиками надзвичайних ситуацій, зокрема досліджено теоретичні
надбання та погляди науковців на стан і цілі системи (механізмів) управління в
сфері цивільного захисту в Україні. В роботі комплексно з використанням сучасних методів пізнання, урахуванням новітніх досягнень науки державного
управління досліджено теоретичні питання організаційно-правового забезпечення функціонування механізмів публічного управління та адміністрування. Обґрунтовано теоретичне розуміння змісту категорії «організаційно-правовий
механізм», «цивільний захист» і «публічне управління ризиками», а саме: обґрунтоване необхідність оновлення та модернізації організаційно-правових механізмів
публічного управління та адміністрування. Також в статті здійснено дослідження напрямів розвитку інституту цивільного захисту в Україні та теоретично доведено що сучасною метою процесу вдосконалення дієвості цивільного
захисту є реформування та оновлення нормативно забезпечення децентралізованої управлінської моделі в сфері цивільного захисту в Україні
Role of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels as an Early Marker of Disease Progression in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Natikar Jyothi A , G Asha , Shailaja Alapaty
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging condition with increasing morbidity and mortality. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), disturbance of several metabolic regulatory mechanisms cause premature ageing, accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality. CKD is associated with disturbances in alkaline phosphatase levels significantly in stage 4 and 5. Serum ALP levels has been shown to have a promoting effect on vascular calcification which leads to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complication.
Aims and Objectives: To estimate the serum ALP levels and to correlate its association with CKD patients Material & methods: 50 cases of CKD and 50 controls were included in the study. Serum Urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase were measured in both cases and controls. Statistically significant increases in levels of all parameters were seen. The levels of alkaline phosphatase were also increased in cases but it was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Elevated ALP levels are associated with an increased risk of End Stage Renal Disease and all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. Alkaline phosphatase levels can be used as an alternate marker for early identification of complications in CKD.

Keywords: CKD-Chronic kidney disease, ALP-Alkaline phosphatase, ESRD-End stage renal disease
Effectiveness of Community Based Nursing Intervention Strategies on Quality of Life among Alcoholics in Selected Rural Communities
Authors: Selvam S Dinesh
Published: July 2021

Introduction and Objectives: Alcohol consumption has been identified as a risk factor for many health, social and economic problems of communities. 62.5 million alcohol users estimated in India. WHO strategies for nursing education, research and practice emphasize on early diagnosis, medical/social problems, counseling and access to services and opportunities to achieve social integration, medical detoxification and long term identification and management of alcoholism and its related problems. In this study, the investigator focused on quality of life among alcoholics. The objectives of the study were to assess the effectiveness of community based nursing intervention strategies on quality of life among alcoholics. The study also aimed to associate the level of quality of life among alcoholics with their demographic variables. Pre-Experimental-One group pretest and posttest design was adopted. 473 clinically identified alcoholics fulfilling inclusive criteria were considered as samples. Community based nursing intervention strategies were provided for the participants. CAGE Questionnaire was used to identify clinically significant alcoholics. WHO QoL (Quality of Life) questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life among alcoholics. The mean differences between pre-test and post-test overall QOL, was 23.93 with t-value 32.99. These scores were highly significant at p<0.001 level suggesting that the community based nursing interventions were effective in improving the QOL among alcoholics. The study recommended the utilization of the community based nursing intervention strategies for the Community Health Nurses to aide them in reducing the alcohol dependence and thereby improving the Quality of Life among alcoholics

Keywords: quality of life, alcoholics, community based nursing intervention strategies.
Screening Slaughter. The Repressed Politics and Troubled Aesthetics of Gabriel Serra Argüello’s La Parka (2013)
Authors: Close Glen S.
Published: July 2021

This article operates on two premises: 1) that contemporary practices of intensive industrial livestock farming are producing catastrophic ecological effects, and 2) that, in the capitalist drive for maximum productive efficiency and the absence of effectively enforced animal-welfare legislation, industrial meat producers currently inflict atrocious abuses on animals on a historically unprecedented scale. Taking a cue from Michael Pollan’s proposal of glass-walled slaughterhouses as a remedy for the presently unchecked brutality, I examine a text that would appear to offer extraordinary insight into a highly secretive operation: a contemporary documentary film shot primarily in a Mexican cattle slaughterhouse yet circulated internationally, screened for the Mexican Senate, and nominated for a U.S. Academy Award. My argument is that, like the makers of previous slaughterhouse documentaries, La Parka director Gabriel Serra overcame the taboo against showing real animal slaughter in large part by evading consideration of the crucial ethical and political implications and by claiming to represent the slaughter of non-human animals as a metaphor for human suffering. I analyze Serra’s apologetic and solipsistic humanist rhetoric and the specific technical devices by which he structures his film as a “character portrait” of a saintly slaughterer, seeking to absolve him of moral responsibility having stunned or killed close to four million animals in the course of a twenty-five-year career. I argue that the intended justification of industrial slaughter is undermined by various textual contradictions, including the protagonist’s own comments on his persistent feelings of guilt, his evidently traumatized state, and the sheer power of images of animal killing, which various film theorists have interpreted as unique in their ability to resist metaphorization and rhetorical containment.
Queering Multispecies Bonding
Authors: Irni Kuura
Published: July 2021

By conducting a queer theoretical reading of Donna Haraway’s work on dogs, this paper develops queer feminist animal studies by focusing on the critique and rethinking of anthropocentric family and relationship norms. Starting with Haraway’s proposal in Staying with the Trouble to “make kin, not babies” and to question the link between genealogy and kin, this paper reads Haraway’s dog stories as queer feminism. The paper argues that Haraway’s thinking aligns with queer feminist scholarship that questions the link between sex and reproduction also in nonhuman animal lives and that recognizes the value of alternatives to compulsory sexuality and couple normativity, such as Angela Willey’s ethics of antimonogamy. By conceptualizing a romantic, non-sexual relationship with a dog, Haraway’s texts destabilize normative ideals of significant relationships between adults and present an alternative to the anthropocentric understandings of intimacy and family. The paper suggests that initiating a discussion about these alternative relationship constellations in the context of feminist animal studies makes it possible to build connections between critical perspectives in animal studies and queer and sexuality studies in order to develop alternatives to couple normative, racialized, class-based, and anthropocentric family and relationship norms.
Kristen Guest and Monica Mattfeld, eds. Equestrian Cultures: Horses, Human Society, and the Discourse of Modernity
Authors: Renton Kathryn
Published: July 2021

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John Bierlein and the Staff of HistoryLink, Woodland: The Story of the Animals and People of Woodland Park Zoo & Andrew Flack, The Wild Within: Histories of a Landmark British Zoo
Authors: Rothfels Nigel
Published: July 2021

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Narrative, Meaning, and Multispecies Ethical Ontologies
Authors: McCormack Brian
Published: July 2021

In this essay, I draw out and develop some key points of connection and overlap between Val Plumwood's dialogical ethical ontology and Jakob von Uexküll's Umwelt theory. Plumwood makes a convincing case for extending a form of narrative subjectivity beyond the human. Uexküll's theoretical biology has been employed in efforts to build on Plumwood's work (by van Dooren and Rose for example), yet such an ethical strategy raises difficult questions of representational accuracy. I address these questions in the second part of the essay, drawing mainly on David Herman's recent work on narratology beyond the human. Articulating a cultural ontology that recognizes the human as part of a broader ecology of selves entails careful experimentation with notions of nonhuman animal narrative.