bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proximity‐coupled feed patch antenna array for 79 GHz automotive radar
Authors: Tian Haiyan , Liu Changjiang , Gu Xiang
Published: August 2019

Autonomous driving is becoming a reality‐but low‐cost 79 GHz radar antenna technology is still imperfect. Here, the authors propose a kind of proximity‐coupled feed patch antenna array. By reducing the non‐linear mutual interference between the transmission line and the radiating elements, the antenna's operating bandwidth is improved and the antenna gain is increased. Moreover, the consistency of the antenna radiation pattern at different frequencies is also improved. The simulation results show that the antenna has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth from 76 to 81.4 GHz, and the gain is >14.8 dB. Within the operating frequency band, the antenna main lobe width is smaller than ±1.2°
Orthogonal waveform separation based on echo compression for airborne MIMO‐SAR systems
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Longyong , Liang Xingdong
Published: August 2019

Attention has been devoted to multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems in recent years. The applications of MIMO‐SAR systems which involve high‐resolution wide‐swath remote sensing, three‐dimensional imaging, and multi‐baseline interferometry are seriously limited, because the superposed echoes of the multiple transmitted orthogonal waveforms cannot be separated perfectly. The imperfect separation will introduce ambiguous energy and degrade SAR images dramatically. Here, a novel orthogonal waveform separation scheme based on echo compression is proposed for airborne MIMO‐SAR systems. Specifically, apart from simultaneously transmissions, the transmitters are required to radiate alone several times in a synthetic aperture to acquire their private inner‐aperture channels. For the relevant scene, the energy of the solely radiated orthogonal waveforms can be concentrated by matched‐filtering the superposed echoes with the sensed echoes. To this extent, the orthogonal waveforms can be perfectly separated through extracting the peaks from the echo‐compressed results. The proposed scheme is validated by simulation results.
Parameter inversion algorithm of CSAR moving target based on PFA sub‐aperture images
Authors: Yao Di , Wang Zhou , Yang Wengu , Li Feng
Published: August 2019

Circular SAR (CSAR) as a new kind of SAR imaging mode has the advantage of long‐time observation. For the moving target, the corresponding parameters of the moving target can be calculated by using the position information from the apparent coordinates of the moving target in these CSAR sub‐aperture images. The CSAR sub‐aperture imaging algorithms include BP and PFA, and the existing parameter estimation model is established on those well‐focused and localised images. However, they account for a substantial computation. Here, an improved algorithm for parameter estimation based on CSAR sub‐aperture images obtained by PFA is proposed. The wave‐front phase error compensation is abandoned, and a new parameter estimation model is established based on PFA images with geometric positioning error. The computational complexity of the whole process of the algorithm is reduced, and the practicability is improved. The point target simulation shows that the method is effective and accurate.
Assessment and Management of Infection in Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Vergis Nikhil , Atkinson Stephen R. , Thursz Mark R.
Published: August 2019

Severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is a condition characterized by jaundice and liver failure that develops after heavy and prolonged alcohol consumption. Infection frequently complicates the natural history of the disease and is independently associated with mortality. Objective recognition and recording of infection are therefore essential in the evaluation of therapeutic interventions and for antibiotic stewardship. This review will evaluate infections that complicate SAH at admission and beyond. Factors that associate with the development of infection will be identified and clinical and laboratory techniques available to identify infection will be discussed. Common pathogens and frequently used antibiotics will be reviewed and recommendations will be made for the management of infection for SAH patients. New techniques to assess infection earlier and more precisely may improve diagnosis and treatment of this important driver of mortality in SAH.
Platelet PI3K Modulates Innate Leukocyte Extravasation during Acid-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation
Authors: Kral-Pointner Julia Barbara , Schrottmaier Waltraud Cornelia , Salzmann Manuel , Mussbacher Marion , Schmidt Georg Johannes , Moser Bernhard , Heber Stefan , Birnecker Birgit , Paar Hannah , Zellner Maria , Knapp Sylvia , Assinger Alice , Schabbauer Gernot
Published: August 2019

Introduction Blood platelets are increasingly recognized as modulators of leukocyte effector functions in various pathologies including acute lung injury (ALI). ALI is a life-threatening disease, caused by damage to the alveolar epi- and endothelium. Excessive accumulation of leukocytes leads to severe lung inflammation, resulting in impaired lung function and hypoxemia.

Objective Since leukocyte migration is modulated by activated platelets and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is involved in platelet function, we aimed to elucidate the effect of PI3K on platelet-mediated immune responses.

Materials and Methods We generated a mouse model with a platelet-specific deletion of p85α, the most important regulatory subunit of the class IA PI3K, and evaluated platelet function and platelet–leukocyte interactions. Moreover, we analyzed the impact of platelet-specific p85α gene deficiency during sterile peritonitis and acid-induced ALI.

Results In vitro analyses of platelets revealed that lack of p85α led to decreased downstream signaling and diminished expression of surface activation markers, for example, CD62P and CD63, as well as reduced platelet aggregation. Moreover, platelet PI3K essentially mediated direct interactions of platelets with monocytes and neutrophils. In mice, platelet-specific p85α deficiency prevented leukocyte infiltration into the peritoneum and the bronchoalveolar compartment during sterile peritonitis and ALI, respectively. Additionally, the release of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-12/23 was diminished in platelet p85α-deficient mice during ALI. In contrast to PI3K, neither overexpression nor depletion of platelet phosphatase and tensin homolog, the endogenous antagonist of PI3K, significantly modulated platelet function.

Conclusion Our data indicate a crucial role of platelet PI3K signaling for leukocyte extravasation upon inflammatory stimuli in various diseases models.
Optical and tomography studies of water-soluble gold nanoparticles on bacterial exopolysaccharides
Authors: González Ana , Garcés Víctor , Sabio Laura , Velando Felix , López-Haro Miguel , Gálvez Natividad , Calvino Jose J. , Dominguez-Vera Jose M.
Published: August 2019

Gold nanoparticles of different shapes (spherical, rods, and prisms) aggregate when deposited onto Lactobacillus fermentum's exopolysaccharide (EPS), a set of polysaccharides excreted by the bacteria. Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that gold nanoparticles have high affinity for EPS. UV-vis spectra of aggregated gold nanoparticles showed additional absorbance peaks at lower energies in comparison with isolated nanoparticles. In the case of gold nanoprisms, the aggregation leads to a new absorption at a very low energy centered at 1100 nm. Moreover, the EPS of L. fermentum itself produces gold aggregates from a Au(III) solution. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy performances for the detection of rhodamine B of gold aggregates were drastically different. A tomography study on all samples revealed clear differences in the extension of the EPS coating on the gold nanoparticles. Only the gold aggregate in which gold interparticle surfaces were exposed to RhB showed a drastic increase (two orders of magnitude) of intensity in the Raman spectrum of RhB.
Investigating the electromigration limits of Cu nano-interconnects using a novel hybrid physics-based model
Authors: Zahedmanesh Houman , Varela Pedreira Olalla , Tőkei Zsolt , Croes Kristof
Published: August 2019

To predict the impact of technological variables such as materials, dimensions, interfaces, and operating conditions on Cu electromigration, in this study a hybrid modeling framework is developed by coupling a global Korhonen-type electromigration modeling module with a cellular automaton-based void dynamics module. The modeling framework is corroborated and benchmarked using experiments on Cu interconnects and is used to predict the impact of scaling on Cu electromigration induced stress evolution. The simulations shed light on the impact of dimensional scaling on stress kinetics, void nucleation, and growth phases, where the nucleation phase is found to become longer than the growth phase and voids are found to grow relatively more rapidly upon nucleation in highly scaled linewidth. In addition, the simulations predict 22% lower median time to failure and a higher variability of time to failure for downstream vs upstream electromigration modes due to the more critical impact of near via voiding in downstream cases. Lending further credence to its predictive merits, the model predicts and explains complex R-shift signatures occurring at high temperature electromigration experiments due to void dynamics.
Entanglement content of quantum particle excitations. III. Graph partition functions
Authors: Castro-Alvaredo Olalla A. , De Fazio Cecilia , Doyon Benjamin , Szécsényi István M.
Published: August 2019

We consider two measures of entanglement, the logarithmic negativity, and the entanglement entropy, between regions of space in excited states of many-body systems formed by a finite number of particle excitations. In Papers I and II [O. A. Castro-Alvaredo et al., J. High Energy Phys. 2018(10), 39; ibid., e-print arXiv:1904.01035 (2019)], it has been shown in one-dimensional free-particle models that, in the limit of large system’s and regions’ sizes, the contribution from the particles is given by the entanglement of natural qubit states, representing the uniform distribution of particles in space. We show that the replica logarithmic negativity and Rényi entanglement entropy of such qubit states are equal to the partition functions of certain graphs, formed out of Wick pairings, which encode the topology of the manifold induced by permutation twist fields. Using this new connection, we provide a general proof, in the massive free boson model, which the qubit result holds in any dimensionality and for any regions’ shapes and topology. The proof is based on clustering and the permutation-twist exchange relations and is potentially generalizable to other situations, such as lattice models, particle and hole excitations above generalized Gibbs ensembles, and interacting integrable models.
Electrical current switching of the noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn3GaN
Authors: Hajiri T. , Ishino S. , Matsuura K. , Asano H.
Published: August 2019

We report electrical current switching of noncollinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) Mn3GaN/Pt bilayers at room temperature. The Hall resistance of these bilayers can be manipulated by applying a pulse current of 1.5 × 106 A/cm2, whereas no significant change is observed up to ∼108 A/cm2 in Mn3GaN single films, indicating that the Pt layer plays an important role. In comparison with ferrimagnetic Mn3GaN/Pt bilayers, a lower electrical current switching of noncollinear AFM Mn3GaN is demonstrated, with a critical current density two orders of magnitude smaller. Our results highlight that a combination of a noncollinear AFM antiperovskite nitride and a spin-torque technique is a good platform for AFM spintronics.
Eclipse science today
Authors: Pasachoff Jay M.
Published: August 2019

Observations during total solar eclipses may help unlock the remaining mysteries of the solar corona.
The Effect of Solvent on the Seebeck Coefficient and Thermocell Performance of Cobalt Bipyridyl and Iron Ferri/Ferrocyanide Redox Couples
Authors: Taheri Abuzar , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Pozo-Gonzalo Cristina , Pringle Jennifer M.
Published: August 2019

The conversion of thermal energy to electricity using thermoelectrochemical cells (thermocells) is a developing approach to harvesting waste heat. The performance of a thermocell is highly dependent on the solvent used in the electrolyte, but the interplay of the various solvent effects is not yet well understood. Here, using the redox couples [Co(bpy)3][BF4]2/3 (bpy=2,2′-bipyridyl) and (Et4N)3/(NH4)4Fe(CN)6, which have been designed to allow dissolution in different solvent systems (aqueous, non-aqueous, and mixed solvent), the effect of solvent on the Seebeck coefficient (Se) and cell performance was studied. The highest Se for a cobalt-based redox couple measured thus far is reported. Different trends in the Seebeck coefficients of the two redox couples as a function of the ratio of organic solvent to water were observed. The cobalt redox couple produced a more positive Se in organic solvent than in water, whereas addition of water to organic solvent resulted in a more negative Se for Fe(CN)6 3−/4−. UV-vis and IR investigations of the redox couples indicate that Se is affected by changes in solvent–ligand interactions in the different solvent systems.
Phase separation and clustering of an ABC transporter in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Heinkel Florian , Abraham Libin , Ko Mary , Chao Joseph , Bach Horacio , Hui Lok Tin , Li Haoran , Zhu Mang , Ling Yeou Mei , Rogalski Jason C. , Scurll Joshua , Bui Jennifer M. , Mayor Thibault , Gold Michael R. , Chou Keng C. , Av-Gay Yossef , McIntosh Lawrence P. , Gsponer Jörg
Published: August 2019

Significance

Nanoclustering has emerged as an organization principle of membrane proteins. This form of compartmentalization has been observed in eukaryotes and, to a lesser extent, in bacteria. Bacterial membrane proteins in secretion systems often play central roles during host invasion. Here we reveal that an ABC transporter from
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
), which is important for its growth in mice, compartmentalizes in the bacterial membrane. We demonstrate that the cytoplasmic region of this transporter has an intrinsic ability to phase-separate into mesoscale assemblies, and that this process is controllable via the action of the signal-integrating serine/threonine protein kinases and phosphatase in
Mtb
. Our findings suggest that phase separation can play a key role in the regulation of clustering and activity of membrane-bound bacterial proteins.
Rapid and active stabilization of visual cortical firing rates across light–dark transitions
Authors: Torrado Pacheco Alejandro , Tilden Elizabeth I. , Grutzner Sophie M. , Lane Brian J. , Wu Yue , Hengen Keith B. , Gjorgjieva Julijana , Turrigiano Gina G.
Published: August 2019

Significance

The firing dynamics of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) are poorly understood. Indeed, V1 neurons of freely behaving rats fire at the same mean rate in light and darkness. It is unclear how this stability is maintained and whether it is important for sensory processing. We find that transitions between light and darkness happening at expected times have only modest effects on V1 activity. In contrast, both unexpected transitions and light reexposure after extended darkness robustly increase V1 firing. Finally, pairwise correlations in neuronal spiking are significantly higher during the light when natural vision is occurring. These data show that V1 firing rates are actively stabilized while simultaneously allowing for input-dependent changes in correlations between neurons.
The BINGO telescope: a new instrument exploring the new 21 cm cosmology window
Authors: Wuensche C.A.
Published: August 2019

BINGO is a unique radio telescope designed to make the first detection of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) at radio frequencies. This will be achieved by measuring the distribution of neutral hydrogen gas at cosmological distances using a technique called Intensity Mapping. Along with the Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies, the scale of BAO is one of the most powerful probes of cosmological parameters, including dark energy. The telescope will be built in a very low RFI site in South America and will operate in the frequency range from 0.96 GHz to 1.26 GHz. The telescope design consists of two ∼ 40-m compact mirrors with no moving parts. Such a design will give the excellent polarization performance and very low sidelobe levels required for intensity mapping. With a feedhorn array of 50 receivers, it will map a 15° declination strip as the sky drifts past the field-of-view of the telescope. The BINGO consortium is composed Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Brazil), University of Manchester and University College London (United Kingdom), ETH Zurich (Switzerland) and Universidad de La Republica (Uruguay). The telescope assembly and horn design and fabrication are under way in Brazil. The receiver was designed in UK and will be developed in Brazil, with most of the components for the receiver will also be supplied by Brazilian industry. The experience and science goals achieved by the BINGO team will be advantageous as a pathfinder mission for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project. This paper reports the current status of the BINGO mission, as well as preliminary results already obtained for the instrumentation development.
A scheduler for the National Aures Observatory
Authors: Bekhti Y A , Lamraoui K , Seghouani N , Benatchba K , Bouzidi-Hassini S
Published: August 2019

The main project for National Aures Observatory (NAO) is the construction of a Meta-Telescope consisting of several robotic and ultra-rapid telescopes. This telescope ‘farm’ will face hundreds of observation requests that have to be scheduled. The goal of this work is to compute the best schedule for all observations, over all night and using all available telescopes. The scheduler must also take into account all the interruptions that may randomly occur during the observation process, especially those relative to Gravitational Waves and Gamma-Ray Bursts alerts, which are the main goal of the Aures Observatory. To solve this multi-objectives optimization problem, we proposed a scheduler of a predictive class. A genetic algorithm approach was used to compute the solution of the scheduling problem based on NSGA-II and using Pareto Optimality.
Unification of Fanaroff-Riley II Radio Sources with 0.1 < z < 2.0 – 8.4 GHz VLA Observations of 15 Sources – Final Sample
Authors: Fernini Ilias M.
Published: August 2019

We present high-resolution VLA observations at 8.4 GHz of the last 15 radio sources of a sample of 98 Fanaroff-Riley class II (FR II) sources to study the location and morphology of hot spots (HSs). This final sample consists of 8 radio galaxies (RGs) and 7 quasars (QSRs). We give detailed radio contour maps of each of the 15 sources using the VLA in its A and B configurations. The observed HSs are either edged, i.e., located at the outer edges of the radio lobes or recessed, i.e., well embedded inside the lobes. For the 8 RGs, we were able to identify 5 HSs (4 edged and 1 recessed). For the 7 QSRs, 5 HSs were identified (4 edged and 1 recessed). For these 15 sources, there is no clear distinction between the 8 RGs and 7 QSRs regarding the number of edged and recessed hot spots. We give a detailed morphological analysis of the 15 sources with an emphasis on their HSs.
Applications Of The Extended Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff Equation In f (R)Gravity
Authors: Mansour Houda , Lakhal Bahia Si , Yanallah Abdelkader
Published: August 2019

The Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation determines the structure of a spherically symmetric body of isotropic material in equilibrium, in general relativity (GR). It is widely used in the study of properties of compact stars. In case of charged compact stars, an extended TOV equation was found first by Bekenstein in 1971.

We aim to use, the f (R ) theory of gravity, one among several proposed extended theories of gravity to find an equivalent equation to TOV equation, and use it to study electrically charged compact stars. We assume that the charge density is proportional to the energy density of the star and we choose the polytropic equation of state to describe the state of the charged star. We perform a detailed numerical study using Maple 2016, and our results are compared to those found in the literature in the framework of GR.
Calculations of β-decay half-lives for neutron rich tin isotopes
Authors: Khiter M , Benrachi F
Published: August 2019

Many of the nuclei made temporarily during r-process nucleosynthesis are currently inaccessible to experiment. Their properties, however, help determine the abundances of stable elements which we observe in the solar system. Beta decay half-lives and rates are among the most important of these properties. Nuclei with 50 ≤Z≤ 56 and 82 ≤ N ≤ 88 in the π(gdsh) ⊕ν(hfpi) valence space above the 132Sn core lie on or close to the path of astrophysical r-process flow. The even-N neutron-rich Sn isotopes are the classical “waiting point” nuclei in the A=130 solar system abundance peak under typical r-process conditions. With respect to the r-process, N=86 isotope is an important waiting-point nucleus for moderate neutron densities to drive the r-process flow beyond A-130 peak. For such systems, the consideration of the three-body monopole effects is presently a relevant issue in nuclear structure calculations in order to reproduce their experimental studies. In the present work, the total β-decay half-lives and rates of the exotic Sn isotopes above the 132Sn core are calculated using monopole interaction at different temperatures. The calculation has been realized using Oxbash code in the frame work of the nuclear shell model.
Biodiesel production from used frying oil using electrolysis method with methanol addition
Authors: Moeksin R , Aprianti T , Miskah S
Published: August 2019

An effort that can be carried-out in facing the energy crisis is by developing some new alternative and renewable energy source to reduce the usage of fossil energy, one of those is by producing biodiesel from used frying oil. Biodiesel production in this research is conducted by processing used frying oil using electrolysis process, the electrolysis voltage varies with the addition of methanol. The used frying oil is collected mainly from home industries. The electrolysis reaction lasts for 4 hours with various voltages of 6, 9, and 12 V with various methanol volumes of 20, 30 and 40 ml. the highest yield of biodiesel obtained is 38.3% at 12 V with 20 ml methanol addition. The lowest cetane number is 80.3 at 9 V with 20 ml methanol addition, this number is too high above the standard cetane number for biodiesel which is 51. The only density number of biodiesel produced that meets the standard is 877 gr/cm3 at 9 V with addition of 20 ml methanol or 40 ml methanol. This research requires further study and more parameters to obtain biodiesel which meets the national standard.
Pb removal in pulp and paper industry leachate wastewater using activated carbon-ceramic composite adsorbent
Authors: Aprianti T , Miskah S , Moeksin R , Sisnayati S , Nasir S
Published: August 2019

The leachate wastewater from pulp and paper industry is known containing various types of heavy metals, the contamination of heavy metals contained in industrial wastewater which is released to water body will accumulate and eventually pollute the environment. The improper wastewater disposal by industries does not only greatly reduce marine vegetation and animal life but also contributes to the destruction of aquatic ecosystem. It is necessary to do the wastewater treatment to eliminate or at least to reduce the heavy metal content to the legal standard quality. One of the most commonly method used for wastewater treatment is adsorption, this study uses the adsorbent made from the mixture of clay and activated carbon formed into ceramic balls with the size of ± 0.5 cm in diameter. The ratios of clay and activated carbon are 6:1, 6:2, 6:3, 6:4 and 6:5. The pulp and paper wastewater treatment method is conducted by contacting wastewater containing Pb with the adsorbent in a column made of glass of 2 inches diameter and 50 cm length, contact time variations are 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210, and 240 min. The most favorable result is 92.45%, the adsorbent is able to reduce the Pb concentration from 0.53 mg/L to 0.04 mg/L respectively at 180 minutes contact time with adsorbent ratio of 6:5.
Potential use of waste rubber tires containing polystyrene to produce gasoline-like hydrocarbon by thermal catalytic cracking
Authors: Miskah S , Aprianti T , Moeksin R
Published: August 2019

Rubber tire waste from abundant amount of vehicles are naturally unbiodegradable, without proper treatment they shall accumulate uncontrollably. Polystyrene is a synthetic polymer contained in rubber tires and it is usually unrecycled, therefore it needs a further study to recycle polystyrene effectively. In this research, waste tires are used to produce gasoline-like hydrocarbon using thermal catalytic cracking method uses high temperatures and catalysts of NaOH and zeolite. The ratios of zeolite and NaOH are 0:1; 2:3; 1:1; 3:2; 1:0 with waste tire mass of 400 g, the temperature used varies, which are 300°C, 350°C, and 400°C with pyrolysis durations of 1, 2 and 3 hrs. The thermal catalytic cracking method is a simple solution to break the hydrocarbon chains of polystyrene with considerably shorter length of time aided by the catalysts. The highest volume of gasoline-like hydrocarbon produced is 255 ml with 2 hrs pyrolysis at 400°C. The addition of 25% NaOH and 75% zeolite as the catalyst in the process has given the most favorable result in research octane number (RON) that is 113. The maximum point of heating value is 10223.161 cal/g with 3 hrs pyrolysis duration at 400°C temperature.
Spatial Analysis to Identify the Priority Rehabilitation Area to Re-Introduce Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) in Meranti Sungai Merah Protected Forest, South Sumatra
Authors: Kunarso Adi , Yunardy Syafrul , Harbi Jun , Nugroho Dudy , Kamil Wan , Haasler Berthold
Published: August 2019

About 3 % remain Indonesia’s forest is distributed in South Sumatra Province. It is a key habitat for high biodiversity flora-fauna which has Asiatic character. On the other hand forest in some protected areas is surrounded by cultivation activities were managed by communities and privates. Those all human activities make pressure to the forest lead to the deforestation and caused critical land as well as habitat loss. Forest rehabilitation is an option to be proposed in preventing critical land and enhancing forest cover. This paper will discuss rehabilitation planning in landscape level of Meranti Sungai Merah Protected Forest. Spatial analysis has been used to determine land use changes and critical land level of the study area. The priority area has been analysis based on technical guidance for spatial analysis of critical land (MoF decree No. P.4/V-set/2013) and it modified in the sub-landscape level. Focus group discussion has been done to identify key parameters both biophysics and social economics. The result shows that about 2,442 Ha (21.5%) of the study area is classified as very critical and critical land and it could be expected as the priority area for rehabilitation. Native species such Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) would be recommended to be planted in the priority area of rehabilitation.
Implementation of Response to Lima Action Plan in Indonesia: Strategy and Progress in Relation to SDGs
Authors: Sudarmonowati Enny
Published: August 2019

Possessing 11 biosphere reserves (BRs) and three more are underway, Indonesia has been conducting various efforts and programmes to support and implement man and Biosphere (MAB) Strategy 2015-2025 and Lima Action Plan (LAP) 2016-2025. The number of conservation areas as and their surroundings for economic development to be nominated as biosphere reserves including in the eastern part of Indonesia, has been increased. This due to the increase of awareness of local government and community and a better approach through improved communication. The increase number of new BRs has to be accompanied with legislation i.e. Government Regulation concerning Biosphere Reserves which is now in drafting process. Legal aspect would ensure sustainable funding reflected in Long and Medium Development Plan which the next one covers the period of 2020 - 2024. Different levels of stakeholders have been involved although the participation is varied between sites. Programmes and action plans concerning BRs as a model for sustainable development, collaboration and networking, partnership and sustainable funding for MAB programmes, improvement in communication and effective governance have partly been implemented. It is necessary to strengthen the link within the region and the World Network of BRs which is now still weak. Although the promotion of products through collaboration on branding, has just been commenced recently, it has shown positive responses and impacts. Partnering with universities especially local ones in each site has resulted in result - oriented policy. The involvement of private sectors still needs to be enhanced as it has been site specific. Dissemination of LAP has been conducted through relevant workshops held in 2016 and 2017 aiming at increased participation to support LAP implementation. Improved communication mechanism would also ease information sharing especially on lesson learnt among BRs in Indonesia and World Network of BRs. It remains a challenge to integrate other UNESCO programmes into MAB Programme which means mutidiciplinary and multisectoral approaches to achieve SDGs, although it has occured in certain BRs. In addition to progress and achievements, issues related problems on LAP implementation will be discussed.
Potential of Sustainable Fishery Resources at Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Titisari Prima Wahyu , Syamsudin Tati Suryati , Sjarmidi Achmad , Elfis  , Zen Irina Safitri , Hendrayani Yani
Published: August 2019

Fisheries are fundamental part of human activities. Sustainable fishing is an important aspect in maintining the fishery resources for the future generation. The main objective of this study is to estimate the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of the fishing grounds for the sustainable harvesting. This study deploy the approximate estimation of abundance (biomass) and potential estimation of a type or group of fish species based on the analysis of production surplus to determine the sustainability of maximum catch rate. Results of the research identified about 35 species from the 17 families of fish. Based on the MSY calculation using the Schaefer method with a long line standard, the fish utilization status is in overfishing condition status at all sampling points, with the value above 98% above the standard capture limit of 70%. The results of the Schaefer model provide the baseline information on MYS for the freshwaters fish, which could be used as the basis for future fishery assessment and management of this biosphere reserve.
Forest, sawah, and culture: Civilization of food sovereignty by Semende communities at South Sumatra
Authors: Martin E , Ulya N A , Waluyo E A , Kunarso A , Winarno B
Published: August 2019

Food sovereignty is the aspiration of many parties and the vision of the Government of Indonesia. Making new fields (sawah), building and repairing irrigation, and provide incentives for the cultivation of food crops is the program being run by the government. On the other hand, the facts show that the conversion of sawah to other uses still exists in many places and cannot be prevented. However, Semende communities living in the upland of South Sumatra to show different performance; they tried to maintain the tradition of sawah at the time of changes in knowledge and the growing population. This study aims to understand and explain the success of the Semende communities in achieving food sovereignty. Research questions answered by qualitative research methods, especially through ethnographic notes concerning sawah management practices by Semende communities. The results showed that the preservation sawah closely related to tunggu tubang tradition and the social conventions of the existence of forests in the upstream region. Sustainability of sawah is the result of consistency and belief of Semende people about important value of sawah as cultural identity and basic capital of the household economy. These beliefs bring forth innovative attitude to maintain the existence of sawah. Therefore, the construction of physical infrastructure to achieve food sovereignty must be accompanied by socio-anthropological approach to the lives of farmers and forest control in the upstream region of sawah by community groups.
Benefits over Threats: Understanding Community’s Motivation to Participate in Restoration Initiatives in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra
Authors: Khatimah F H , Fauzi D , Chandra A , Wicaksono S A
Published: August 2019

Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), one of Indonesia’s most important conservation sites, has been facing serious pressures due to human activities both within its boundaries and in the buffer zones, leaving a large extent of degraded land in GLNP and its vicinity. As a response, the government along with several civil society organizations have been conducting restoration projects, especially around the borders of GLNP with concessions and villages. A centerpiece of many of these restoration initiatives is community participation. However, there have been limited studies to understand the driving factors of local people participation in such initiatives. In order to better understand what drives community participation in restoration initiatives around GLNP, we conducted a random survey to 111 respondents living in Sei Serdang and Namo Sialang Villages (Langkat District, North Sumatra), where restoration initiatives have been introduced. We found that they do not have a strong dependence on natural resources, which likely explains their rather neutral perspective on forests, i.e. they do not perceive any relations between forests, their livelihood, and threats due to deforestation. The absence of forest protection-related custom among population, mainly due to the cultural heterogeneity resulted from inward migration, further enhances their view on forests. Therefore, those who participated in the restoration initiatives were primarily driven by the opportunity to get additional income and improve their welfare. Based on these findings, we recommend that future restoration-related interventions in GLNP should appropriately consider community perception towards forests to ensure project sustainability and better resources management.
The case of the German Technical Cooperation in supporting sustainable resources management in Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve, Central Sulawesi – Indonesia
Authors: Khaeruddin Ismet
Published: August 2019

Established in 1977, Lore Lindu Biosphere Reserve was one of the first generation of Indonesia’s biosphere reserve as living laboratory for sustainable development practices based on science. Various forests functions and land allocations with different management authorities remain challenges for the biosphere reserve to effectively demonstrate its existence as a model for sustainable development laboratory for decades. The development of special national policy on biosphere reserve designation and management at the level of government regulation as mandated by Law 41 / 1999 on Forestry is essential for effective management for the Indonesia’s biosphere reserves in the future, particularly Lore Lindu.
Toward green economic growth in South Sumatra: collaborative platform through a knowledge management approach
Authors: Asmani N , Ekadinata A
Published: August 2019

In the world where natural resources are already limited, balancing the environmental aspect with economic growth has become necessary. Otherwise the consequences will be severe. The Green Growth Masterplan of South Sumatra has outline the strategies and action toward achieving sustainability. The masterplan consist of seven strategies aimed at achieving 5 sustainable development goals: (1) sustainable economic growth; (2) inclusive and equitable growth; (3) socio, economic and environmental resilience; (4) healthy and productive ecosystem, and (5) greenhouse gas emission reduction. The masterplan also implied that the only way South Sumatra will be able to achieve the green economic growth is through collaboration and cooperation among all stakeholders in the province. All of the enabling condition in green growth strategy were pointed toward the importance to build a strong partnership with all stakeholders. They need to work together and combine their knowledge and resources to achieve the green growth vision. One of the enabling condition is a strengthened capacity to conduct and implement green growth action. At this point, the issues of knowledge management became important. In order to collaborate effectively in managing the South Sumatra Landscape, a strong basis of knowledge is required. A knowledge society need to be formed in South Sumatra for this purpose. This knowledges need to be manage in such a way that any stakeholders in South Sumatra will be able access, utilize and improve. The SECI (Socialize-Externalize-Combine-Internalize) framework of Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), fit nicely into the context of South Sumatra green growth implementation. Tacit knowledge from local wisdom of community needs to be combined with explicit knowledge that has been produced by so many research project in South Sumatra. The only problem with SECI framework is in institutionalization of the framework itself. Knowledge sharing on sustainable development needs to be facilitated by a body who can work with multiple stakeholders and at the same time implement the knowledge management system. In South Sumatra, this was addressed through the Green Growth Partnership Institution. KOLEGA SUMSEL is a form knowledge society which strive to achieve green growth vision through cooperation and collaboration. The cooperation models itself is an important contribution from South Sumatra to the development practitioners in other places.
Tree-crop diversification by smallholder farmers in Southern Sumatra to diversify sources of income
Authors: Premono B T , Lestari S , Winarno B
Published: August 2019

Tree crop diversification becomes a common component of farmers strategies to diversify their sources of income, to deal with price fluctuation and also to adapt to a changing environment. This study examined farmers activity in tree-crop diversification and factors that encourage rural households in tree planting. A combination of household interviews and participatory field surveys was conducted to collect primary data. Data was analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results show that farmers mainly engaged in planting trees with agroforestry system, even there were also some people who develop trees with monocultures system. The tree species most developed in the research area are Magnolia champaca, Azadirachta excelsa, and Anthocephalus cadamba. The diversification decisions of communities depends on age, education level, the number of family members, expenses, and assets. Farmers who have wider landholdings and relatively have high incomes will be more interested in doing tree crop diversification on their land. Of the households surveyed, the respondents have the main job as a farmer in which the average age was 50 years old and the majority had education level up to elementary school and junior high school. The average expense of the respondents was 1.437 million rupiah per month in which the average of land holding is 2.68 hectares. In southern Sumatra, farmers try to mix some tree-crop in their land in order to increase their income, to get cash income in different time (maintaining food security), and reduce some risks because the changes of environment, market and policy. Therefore, this practice can provide economic resilience for farm households.
Socio Economic Roles of Dragon Blood in Participative Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest and Land
Authors: Lestari S , Premono B T , Kunarso A
Published: August 2019

Overexploitation, both by the public and other parties that interact directly or indirectly with natural resources is one of the causes of forest and land degradation. Dragon’s blood development as one of the non-timber forest products is expected to be a solution to reduce the level of forests and land damage. This study aims to describe the community’s efforts in the utilization and development of dragon’s blood, as well as their impact on the rehabilitation of forest areas that have been degraded due to over-exploitation. The study was conducted in Semendo Darat Ulu, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province. Field observations and interviews were used to collect information on respondents’ characteristics and their behavior in relation to the utilization and development of dragon’s blood. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to answer the research objectives. The findings show that the communities around forest areas have more eagerness to harvest dragon’s blood sustainably. People who previously have only perform dragon’s blood collection from the natural forest, began to make efforts for the development of dragon’s blood on their private land. The higher economic value of dragon’s blood raises public awareness to protect and preserve it. The successful development of dragon’s blood is expected to be a solution for forest and land rehabilitation in Muara Enim. Communities sources of income from dragon’s blood can reduce the dependence on the forest, so that public access to forests decreases. At last, the preservation of forests and land will be maintained and sustained.
Is smallholder farmer maintaining biodiversity in rattan agroforest?
Authors: Tata Hesti Lestari
Published: August 2019

Rattan Agroforestry is usually developed by smallholder farmers in Katingan district, Central Kalimantan. The rattan is planted under woody tree species, mainly rubber. Both rubber and rattan have contributed in the economic development of Central Kalimantan. A vegetation analysis with purposive sampling plot was conducted in two villages in Katingan district to assess flora diversity in the gradient of Agroforestry system (simple to complex Agroforestry) compared with forest. The Agroforestry system consisted of baliang, bahu, complex rubber rattan agroforest, and simple rubber agroforest. Results showed forest has the highest tree diversity (H’=3.39), while simple rubber agroforest has the lowest tree diversity (H’=1.09). During the survey, 43 rattan species were encountered in the landscape of two villages (Tumbang Malawan and Tumbang Runen). The commonest rattan’s genus was Calamus (consisted of 22 species). Farmers applied an extensive management of rattan-rubber agroforest and they allowed regeneration occurred naturally in the farm. In the rattan agroforests, other tress with economic value, which produce food and fruits were intentionally planted to support food security to their family. Owing to low price, rattan currently is not intensively managed and harvested; nevertheless, the Dayak is still maintaining the rattan agroforest for their domestic and cultural needs.
Effect of extrusion ratio on the microstructure and property of the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy prepared by spray conform
Authors: Chen Yegao , Lu Weishi , Yin Jiancheng , Zhong Yi , Shao Guoyou , Zhang Jun , Zhang Anming , Li Xinxing
Published: August 2019

The commercial Al-5.72Zn-2.36Mg-1.66Cu (7075) alloys were prepared by the spray Conform (SC) technique consisting of the spray forming and Conform extrusion. The extrusion ratio (ER) was selected as the variable parameter to study the influence mechanism on the microstructures and properties while keeping the other parameters unchanged. The microstructures and properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and tensile tests. Concretely, the changing rules of the grains, second phases, tensile strength and elongation with ER were researched respectively. Results indicate that a fine equiaxed grain microstructure with low level of segregation and porosity was achieved by SC. And the intergranular and intragranular phases were fine and homogeneous before and after retrogression and re-aging (RRA). The dispersion and tensile strength are positive to ER, but the grain size (GS) is inverse. Meanwhile, the elongation increases firstly and then decreases with increasing ER.
Climate news articles lack basic climate science
Authors: Romps David M , Retzinger Jean P
Published: August 2019

Although climate change is arguably the most urgent issue of our time, the general public knows little about climate science. Here, we investigate how often five basic climate facts are conveyed in The New York Times news articles covering climate change from 1980 to 2018. With only one exception, the frequencies with which these facts appear in news articles today are vanishingly small. This suggests that print journalism is a largely untapped resource for educating the public on basic climate facts.
Impact of total body weight on rate of acute kidney injury in patients treated with piperacillin–tazobactam and vancomycin
Authors: Rutter W Cliff , Hall Ronald G , Burgess David S
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Results of a study to determine whether obesity is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients receiving combination therapy with piperacillin–tazobactam and vancomycin are reported.

Methods

A retrospective, single-center cohort study of patients who received combination therapy for at least 48 hours was conducted using data from the University of Kentucky Center for Clinical and Translational Science’s Enterprise Data Trust. Patients with chronic kidney disease, baseline creatinine clearance of less than 30 mL/min, cystic fibrosis, or missing height or weight information were excluded.

Results

A total of 8,125 patients were included in the cohort. Among the variables evaluated, total body weight of 91 kg or more was the variable most predictive of AKI. Patients with a weight of 91 kg or higher were more likely than lower-weight patients to have diabetes (39% versus 21%, p < 0.00001), hypertension (64% versus 47%, p < 0.00001), and heart failure (15% versus 13%, p = 0.007). The median daily vancomcyin dose was lower in patients with a weight of less than 91 kg (2,000 mg versus 3,000 mg, p < 0.00001); however, weight-based doses were lower in patients weighing 91 kg or more (25.5 mg/kg/day versus 27.9 mg/kg/day, p < 0.00001). AKI was more common in patients weighing 91 kg or more (24% versus 18%, p < 0.00001; adjusted odds ratio, 1.46 [95% confidence interval, 1.28–1.66]).

Conclusion

Increased total body weight increased the rate of AKI among patients concurrently treated with piperacillin–tazobactam and vancomycin independent of clinically important confounders, with an important breakpoint occurring at 91 kg.