bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Facile and Efficient Protocol for Phospholipid Enrichment in Synovial Joint Fluid: Monodisperse-Mesoporous SiO2 Microspheres as a New Metal Oxide Affinity Sorbent
Authors: Aladağ Serhat , Demirdiş İlayda , Gökçal Kapucu Burcu , Koç Emine , Kaplan Ozan , Aktaş Batuhan Erhan , Çelebier Mustafa , Tuncel Ali , Korkusuz Feza
Published: September 2024

Phospholipids (PLs), essential components of cell membranes, play significant roles in maintaining the structural integrity and functionality of joint tissues. One of the main components of synovial joint fluid (SJF) is PLs. Structures such as PLs that are found in low amounts in biological fluids may need to be selectively enriched to be analyzed. Monodisperse-mesoporous SiO2 microspheres were synthesized by a multi-step hydrolysis condensation method for the selective enrichment and separation of PLs in the SJF. The microspheres were characterized by SEM, XPS, XRD, and BET analyses. SiO2 microspheres had a 161.5 m2/g surface area, 1.1 cm3/g pore volume, and 6.7 nm pore diameter, which were efficient in the enrichment of PLs in the SJF. The extracted PLs with sorbents were analyzed using Q-TOF LC/MS in a gradient elution mode with a C18 column [2.1 × 100 mm, 2.5 μM, Xbridge Waters (Milford, MA, USA)]. An untargeted lipidomic approach was performed, and the phospholipid enrichment was successfully carried out using the proposed solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocol. Recovery of the SPE extraction of PLs using sorbents was compared to the classical liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) procedure for lipid extraction. The results showed that monodisperse-mesoporous SiO2 microspheres were eligible for selective enrichment of PLs in SJF samples. These microspheres can be used to identify PLs changes in articular joint cartilage (AJC) in physiological and pathological conditions including osteoarthritis (OA) research.
The Emerging Trends and Response to Drug and Substance Abuse among the Youth in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mugari Ishmael
Published: September 2024

Drug and substance abuse is a contemporary problem among the youth and has reached crises levels in the nation of Zimbabwe. The problem has been compounded by acute socio-economic challenges that have characterised the nation for the past decade. Despite efforts to curb the problem, new forms of drug and substance abuse are emerging. This study, which is based on a documentary survey, explored the emerging trends in drug and substance abuse among youths in Zimbabwe, as well as evaluating the current measures to deal with the problem. While marijuana is viewed as the most abused drug, this study reveals some emerging trends such as the abuse of prescription drugs, use of home-made intoxicating substances, infusion of intoxicated people’s blood, ingestion of drug laced foods and drinking sodium polyacrylate from boiled diapers. Acute socio-economic challenges, ease of access and porous borders are considered the major contributory factors for drug and substance abuse. Notwithstanding the efforts by the government and law enforcement agents to deal with the scourge, this study reveals that the current measures have not been as effective as expected.
Vascular NADPH Oxidases and Atherothrombotic Stroke
Authors: Marqués Javier , Zalba Guillermo
Published: September 2024

Oxidative stress constitutes a main molecular mechanism underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This pathological mechanism can be triggered by NADPH oxidases (NOXs), which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). In fact, the different NOXs have been associated with myocardial infarction, atherothrombosis, and stroke. More specifically, we will focus on the implications of NOXs in atherothrombotic stroke. Each NOX member participates in a different way in the several stages of this disease: endothelial dysfunction, immune cell infiltration, foam cell genesis, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation, and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Additionally, some NOXs are involved in plaque instability, thrombosis, ischemic stroke, and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Interestingly, the effects of NOXs in this pathology depend on the specific homolog, the cell type in which they are activated, and the stage of the disease. In this review we summarize the most up-to-date information about the implications of vascular NOXs in each of these processes. Finally, we highlight some limitations and future perspectives on the study of NOXs in CVDs.
Simulation of Urban Carbon Sequestration Service Flows and the Sustainability of Service Supply and Demand
Authors: Ma Yaoxi , Tian Shufang
Published: September 2024

Simulating ecosystem carbon sequestration service (ECSS) flows is crucial for optimizing the carbon cycle in ecosystems and achieving sustainable balance between the supply and demand of the ECSS. This study integrates least-cost path analysis with Kriging interpolation to simulate the dominant wind direction and corrects the interpolated wind speeds to account for terrain and surface conditions. Carbon emissions are spatially distributed using points of interest and road network data. Ultimately, by traversing the carbon emission rate grids along wind directions, the ECSS flows are simulated. The results reveal that the study area has a small carbon sink area but a high total carbon emission, leading to a situation where the supply of ECSS is insufficient to meet demand. The ECSS flows, based on the simulated wind field, demonstrate high spatial resolution and highlight the service flow corridors with distinct spatial heterogeneity. The study area has a significant carbon surplus, requiring a forest area ten times larger than the study area itself to fully sequester this carbon. These findings provide valuable insights for urban sustainable development and carbon emission reduction strategies.
Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) for the Surveillance of Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas after Surgery
Authors: Parillo Marco , Quattrocchi Carlo Cosimo
Published: September 2024

Glioblastoma is the most frequent form of adult-type diffuse gliomas, and it carries a very poor prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool for diagnosing and monitoring brain tumors, potentially influencing choices like repeat surgery, biopsy, or alternative management strategies. However, interpreting post-surgical MRI for gliomas can be particularly demanding, especially in differentiating between tumor progression and treatment effects. Recently, a novel score specifically designed for classifying and reporting post-treatment brain tumors on MRI was proposed by a team of neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and neuro-oncologists: the Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS). This review examines the current body of evidence regarding the use of BT-RADS in monitoring adult-type diffuse gliomas following surgery. This classification has demonstrated a number of benefits in terms of prognostic value, treatment decisions, reliability, and the quality of radiology reports. On the other hand, despite the promising diagnostic value in identifying recurrent glioblastoma, there is still some uncertainty in defining the presence or absence of tumor recurrence in the intermediate category 3. In such a category, incorporating advanced techniques such as perfusion-weighted imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging may improve the stratification of patients, avoiding repeat surgery on false positive findings.
Balancing Innovation and Proven Techniques in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Walczyńska-Dragon Karolina , Chęciński Maciej
Published: September 2024

The field of oral and maxillofacial surgery is continuously evolving, with ongoing advancements in surgical techniques, materials, and pharmacological approaches that enhance patient outcomes [...]
Optimizing Electric Vehicle Charging Station Locations: A Study on a Small Outlying Island in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Yui-yip , Wu Yang Andrew , Wong Lok Man , Wu Juai , Dong Zhaoyang , Yip Christine , Lee Stephanie W. , Chan Jason K. Y.
Published: September 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been widely considered an essential element to contribute to green and smart transportation, which will further enhance the development of smart cities. Hong Kong, as one of the largest metropolises in the world, has promoted the deployment of EVs for both the private and public transportation sectors over the past decade, with substantial financial subsidies and encouraging policy incentives. With the rapid penetration of EVs, especially in the market of private passenger cars, Hong Kong may face the challenge of insufficient charging facilities in the next few years. As such, the research study aims to develop a mathematical model using a topological method to map out feasible locations for new EV charging facilities on Ap Lei Chau Island, to construct a small Python program to optimize the mapping process of these feasible locations, and to estimate energy consumption and associated economic analysis to foster the spatial planning of EV charging facility networks. In conclusion, optimal locations for new charging facilities for EVs have been revealed to match the rapid growth of EV usage and facilitate the emergence of green and smart transportation.
Why Not All Three? Combining the Keller, Rhodes, and Spencer Models Two Decades Later to Equitably Support the Health and Well-Being of Minoritized Youth in Mentoring Programs
Authors: Jones Kristian V. , Gowdy Grace , Griffith Aisha N.
Published: September 2024

Building on previous work examining the three central theoretical models driving the youth mentoring literature, the present paper presents an updated conceptual framework on how youth mentoring can equitably support health outcomes for young people, particularly minoritized or otherwise marginalized youth. Youth mentoring has been demonstrated to support positive health outcomes (e.g., mental health, well-being) for all young people, and has a growing literature base to match the enthusiasm in findings. The core conceptual models, however, had not been updated for nearly 20 years. This paper starts with the guiding values behind the updated model, including centering the pursuit of social justice, a recognition of structural oppression, and utilizing key modern theoretical bases (healing-centered engagement, a strengths-based approach, and community cultural wealth). Ultimately, this paper presents an updated conceptual model, outlining key aspects needed to support mental health for minoritized young people through youth mentoring, including building a foundational relationship, key mechanisms of mentoring, reciprocal benefits, and context-specific support.
Sûfî Söylem ve Bir Metaforik Unsur Olarak Tasavvuf Edebiyatında Kuşlar
Authors: Demir Hamit , Aydın Oğuzhan
Published: September 2024

Sûfî söylemin işlevselliğini artıran unsurlardan birisi, kelimelerin mecaz manalar yüklenerek metafora dönüşmesidir. Metaforik bir unsur olarak kuşlar, İslam öncesi mitolojilerde, ayet ve hadislerde, tasavvuf klasiklerinde ve şiirlerde kendilerine mahsus özellikleriyle konu edilmiş; söz varlığının anlam zenginliğine ve şairlerin ifade kabiliyetine katkı sunmuştur. Sûfî şairler; tasavvufun iki ana sütunu olan tahalluk ve tahakkuka dair hususları tarif ederken kuşları, olumlu ve olumsuz yönleriyle teşbih sanatının öznesi yapmışlardır. Bu çalışmanın konusu müspet ve menfi yönleriyle kuşların, tasavvuf edebiyatında kullanım biçimini tespit etmek; yöntemi ise mukayeseli metin tahlilidir. Çalışma, son dönem sûfî şairlerden Osman Hulûsî Ateş Efendi’nin (ö. 1990) Dîvân-ı Hulûsî-i Darendevî adlı eseri ve ornitoloji konusunda yazılmış birkaç eserle sınırlandırılmış olmakla birlikte tasavvuf klasiklerine ve konu ile ilgili akademik çalışmalara da müracaat edilmiştir.
Quantum 2-Player Games and Realizations with Circuits
Authors: Zhang Jinliang , Chen Tian , Deng Wenyuan , Tong Xiaoxue , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: September 2024

Game theory problems are widely applied in many research areas such as computer science and finance, with the key issue being how to quickly make decisions. Here, we present a novel quantum algorithm for game theory problems based on a continuous quantum walk. Our algorithm exhibits quantum advantage compared to classical game algorithms. Furthermore, we exploit the analogy between the wave function of the Schrödinger equation and the voltage in Kirchhoff’s law to effectively translate the design of quantum game trees into classical circuit networks. We have theoretically simulated the quantum game trees and experimentally validated the quantum functionality speedup on classical circuit networks. Due to the robust scalability and stability inherent in classical circuit networks, quantum game trees implemented within this framework hold promise for addressing more intricate application scenarios.
Summer-Wet Hydrologic Cycle during the Middle Miocene of the United States: New Evidence from Fossil Fungi
Authors: O’Keefe Jennifer M. K. , Pound Matthew J. , Romero Ingrid C. , Nuñez Otaño Noelia B. , Gibson Martha E. , McCoy Jessica , Alden Margaret E. , Fairchild C. Jolene , Fitzpatrick Julia , Hodgson Emily , Horsfall Taylor , Jones Savannah , Lennex-Stone June E. , Marsh Christopher A. , Patel Alyssa A. , Spears Tyler M. , Tarlton Laikin , Smallwood Liberty F. , VanderEspt O. L. , Cabrera Jeremyah R. , Eble Cortland F. , Rember William C. , Starnes James E. , Alford Mac H. , Brink Alyson , Warny Sophie
Published: September 2024

Hydrologic reconstructions from North America are largely unknown for the Middle Miocene. Examination of fungal palynomorph assemblages coupled with traditional plant-based palynology permits delineation of local, as opposed to regional, climate signals and provides a baseline for study of ancient fungas. Here, the Fungi in a Warmer World project presents paleoecology and paleoclimatology of 351 fungal morphotypes from 3 sites in the United States: the Clarkia Konservat-Lagerstätte site (Idaho), the Alum Bluff site (Florida), and the Bouie River site (Mississippi). Of these, 83 fungi are identified as extant taxa and 41 are newly reported from the Miocene. Combining new plant-based paleoclimatic reconstructions with funga-based paleoclimate reconstructions, we demonstrate cooling and hydrologic changes from the Miocene climate optimum to the Serravallian. In the southeastern United States, this is comparable to that reconstructed with pollen and paleobotany alone. In the northwestern United States, cooling is greater than indicated by other reconstructions and hydrology shifts seasonally, from no dry season to a dry summer season. Our results demonstrate the utility of fossil fungi as paleoecologic and paleoclimatic proxies and that warmer than modern geological time intervals do not match the “wet gets wetter, dry gets drier” paradigm. Instead, both plants and fungi show an invigorated hydrological cycle across mid-latitude North America.
Development, Validation And Application Of Uhplc-ms/ms Methods For The Detection Of Veterinary Drug Residues In Food Of Animal Origin
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Whelan Michelle
Published: September 2024

"Ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) technology was utilized for the development of analytical methods for the detection of veterinary drug residues in foods of animal origin. Initial work focused on the development of the mass spectrometry (MS) method for the detection of the analytes of interest and subsequent chromatographic separation. The MS method was optimised to detect both positively and negatively ionised analytes from different classes in a single injection in a 13 minute run time at μg kg-1 levels. Sample preparation procedures were modified to extract the residues from muscle and milk matrices and the quantitative and qualitative methods were validated according to 2002/657/EC. Milk was validated at banned and MRL levels, the CCα of the method was in the range of 0.14-1.9 and 11-123 μg kg-1 respectively. The method was applied to monitoring and surveillance samples through the Irish National monitoring plan. The method was also applied to incurred milk produced from animal studies. Three animal studies were carried out to investigate the presence of nitroxynil in milk, levamisole and oxyclozanide in milk and cheese, and ivermectin and clorsulon in milk and cheese. In general, it was found that residues concentrated more in cheese compared with milk. The data generated by these studies would be useful for decision makers if action limits are to be set, and for animal health companies to set suitable withdrawal periods. The method for the detection of anthelmintic drugs in muscle was applied to a Europe wide retail survey (n >1000 samples). 2.45% of samples tested were found to contain residues above the reporting limit of the method, only one of these samples was non- compliant for ivermectin as there is no MRL in muscle, however, a newly proposed action limit of 20 μg kg-1 indicates the sample is compliant. The overall results signify that European beef is safe for consumption. Finally, a specific method for the determination of triclabendazole and its metabolites was developed for liver, muscle and milk around the MRL. This method resulted in an increase in the linearity from 1 to 10 μg kg-1 for the sulphone metabolite to 1-200 and 5-1000 μg kg-1 for milk and tissue respectively. This method was successfully validated according to 2002/657/EC."
Phylogenetic Analysis Of Rotavirus Strains Gl, G3 5g9 5p[8] And P[4] Using Both Neighbour-joining And Maximum Parsimony
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Cotter Jenny
Published: September 2024

Globally rotavirus is one of the most important causes of gastroenteritis in children and affects nearly all children by the age of 5 years. It also infects adults with most severe symptoms in the elderly or immune compromised. The most common strains associated with human rotavirus gastroenteritis are G1-G4 and G9 along with P[8],[6]and [4].All previous studies used only neighbour-joining method in the phylogenetic analysis of rotavirus genes. In this study rotavirus genes VP7 and VP4 for rotavirus strains G1 .G3 ,G9 , P[8] and P[4] were analysed in MEGA4.0 using both neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony. The main difference in the use of both methods was the time taken to run the analysis, the data sets were large and maximum parsimony method took at least double the time to run. Neighbour-joining is a distance based method and maximum parsimony a character based method, tree building in both cases use different algorithms. Based on the results of the analysis there was no major difference in results gained between the two methods.
«Coil-Globule» Transition During theMicroencapsulation of Ti0Nanoparticles in the Jet of SupercriticalСО
Authors: Татаренко К.А. , Татаренко П.А. , Черняк С.А. , Лазарев А.В.
Published: September 2024

Экспериментально изучался процесс микрокапсулирования наночастиц диоксида титана в полиэтиленгликоле PEG 8000 при импульсном расширении струираствора полимера в сверхкритическом диоксиде углерода в вакуум и в фоновыйгаз (гелий). В обоих случаях при заданных начальных температуре в реакторе смешения и концентрации сорастворителя по данным электронной микроскопииопределялось расстояние от среза сопла до точки на оси струи, в окрестностикоторой на мишени фиксировался переход «клубок-глобула». Получена зависимость положения точки перехода от начальной температуры и концентрациисорастворителя (этанола).

The process of microencapsulation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in polyethyleneglycol PEG 8000 at pulse expanding of the jets of polymer solution in supercriticalcarbon dioxide in vacuum and in a background gas (helium) is experimentally studied.In both cases, at given initial temperature and cosolvent (ethanol) concentration thedistance from the nozzle exit to the point of «coil-globule» transition on the jet axisis determined using the electron microscopy data. The dependence of the transitionpoint position on the initial temperature and the concentration of ethanol in thereactor is obtained.
Synthesis and Analysis of Silica-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Aerogels
Authors: Макарова И.С. , Лебедев И.В. , Гордиенко М.Г. , Меньшутина Н.В.
Published: September 2024

Кремний-резорцин-формальдегидные аэрогели получены золь-гель методом с использованием сушки в среде сверхкритического СO. Исследована зависимость между условиями получения образцов и их структурными и физическими характеристиками. Полученные аэрогели могут рассматриваться в качестве сорбентов СO и теплоизоляционных материалов.

Silica-resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels were synthesized using a sol-gel method followed by drying in supercritical CO. Correlations between the conditions of synthesis and the structural and physical characteristics of the synthesized samples were analyzed. The obtained aerogels can be considered as sorbents of CO and thermal insulation materials.
Recrystallization of Zinc Oxide in Suband Supercritical Aqueous Medium
Authors: Ивакин Ю.Д. , Данчевская М.Н. , Муравьева Г.П.
Published: September 2024

Методом электронной микроскопии исследовано формирование дисперсного состава мелкокристаллического порошка в ходе рекристаллизации оксида цинка в водной среде при 100-400 °С. Установлено, что в конденсированной воде процесс рекристаллизации затруднен, но протекает в среде воды в состоянии пара или сверхкритического флюида в присутствии активатора (хлорида аммония). При температурах до 300 °С рекристаллизация происходит под действием внесенного активатора, а при 300-400 °С - благодаря совместному действию активатора и термоактивации поверхностного слоя кристаллов. В процессе рекристаллизации монодисперсный порошок ZnO со средним размером кристаллов 0,184 мкм превращается в полидисперсный с несколькими компонентами распределения и средними размерами от 0,08 до нескольких микрон.

The electron microscopy method was used to study the formation of a disperse composition of a fine-crystalline powder during the recrystallization of zinc oxide in an aqueous medium at 100-400 °C. It was shown that recrystallization in condensed water is difficult, but proceeds in a medium of water in the state of steam or supercritical fluid in the presence of an activator (ammonium chloride). At temperatures up to 300 °C, recrystallization occurs under the action of an introduced activator, and in the range of 300-400 °C, due to the joint action of the activator and the thermal activation of the surface layer of crystals. In the recrystallization process, monodisperse ZnO powder with an average crystal size of 0.184 μm is converted into a polydisperse powder with several distribution components and average sizes from 0.08 to several microns.
Development of Polymer Waste Impregnation Method in Subcritical Freon R22 Media with Substances Promoting their Biodegradation in Nature
Authors: Залепугин Д.Ю. , Карпов В.А. , Тилькунова Н.А. , Ковальчук Ю.Л. , Чернышова И.В. , Семенова Т.А.
Published: September 2024

Впервые предложена методика ускорения биоразложения полимерных пленок (полиэтилен низкого давления) введением в полимер оливкового масла (моделирующего отходы пищевой промышленности, так называемого «cooking oil») в среде фреона R22 в субкритическом состоянии при 90 °С и давлении 280 атм. Испытания в условиях повышенной температуры и влажности (климатическая станция Хоа Лак, Вьетнам) показали, что у насыщенных маслом образцов за шесть месяцев скорость биоразложения была примерно в три раза выше, чем у контрольных необработанных образцов. Проведен анализ микроорганизмов-деструкторов, выделенных из тестируемых пленок. Исследования показали перспективность использования данного подхода при решении проблем утилизации полимерных отходов.

For the first time method of increasing the biodegradability of polymer films (LDPE) by the impregnation of polymer with the olive oil (model of food waste, so called “cooking oil”) has been proposed. For polymer modification subcritical (temperature 90 °C, pressure 280 bar) Freon R22 (difluorochloromethane) was used.Testing of polymers during 6 months under abnormally high temperature and humidity (Hoa Lack, Vietnam) demonstrated that biodegradation ratio of oil impregnated films was 3 times higher that of control samples. Identification of destructing microorganisms from testing films has been realized. Investigations show that proposed method may be perspective for solving the problem of polymer waste degradation in nature.
Solvation of Ethanol, Phenol and o-Methoxyphenol in Diluted Water Solutions in Normal and Supercritical Conditions
Authors: Алексеев Е.С. , Богдан Т.В.
Published: September 2024

Методом классической молекулярной динамики проведено моделирование структуры водных растворов этанола, фенола и о-метоксифенола (гваякола) при концентрации растворенного вещества 2 мас. % в NVT-ансамбле при плотностях 0,997 и 0,133 г/см, отвечающих нормальным (298 K; 0,1 МПа) и сверхкритическим (СК) (673 К; 23,0 МПа) условиям. Рассчитаны коэффициенты самодиффузии отдельных компонентов в растворах, функции радиального распределения для расстояний между атомами кислорода молекул воды, расстояний между атомами кислорода гидроксильных групп и расстояний между центрами масс молекул фенолов. Проведен анализ кластеризации растворенных молекул. Полученные данные указывают на неоднородность растворов, в которых могут существовать кластеры разного состава и структуры. Установлено, что при нормальных условиях происходит кластеризация до семи молекул этанола и фенолов, в СК-условиях обнаружены димеры. Сопоставлены структурные особенности растворов в нормальных и СК-условиях. Показано различие формирования гидратных оболочек этанола по сравнению с фенолами. При нормальных условиях вокруг молекул этанола образуются стабильные оболочки из молекул воды. Для фенолов сольватные оболочки оказываются нестабильными, выражена тенденция к образованию кластеров.

Using a classical molecular dynamics method structures of 2 wt. % water solutions of ethanol, phenol and o-methoxyphenol (guaiacol) were modeled in NVT-ensemble at densities 0.997 and 0.133 g cmr that corresponds to normal (298 K; 0.1 MPa) and supercritical (673 K; 23.0 MPa) conditions. Self-diffusion coefficients for individual components in solutions, radial distribution functions for oxygen atoms of water molecules, for oxygen atoms in hydroxy-groups and for centers of masses in phenol molecules are calculated. A possibility of molecule clusterization for diluted substances is analyzed. The data obtained indicate the heterogeneity of solutions in which clusters of different composition and structure can exist. It was found that under normal conditions clustering of up to seven ethanol and phenol molecules can occur, and dimer formation was detected under SC-conditions. The structural features of solutions under normal and SC-conditions were compared. The difference between the water shells of ethanol and phenols molecules was demonstrated. Under normal conditions, stable shells of water molecules form around ethanol molecules. For phenols, the solvate shells are unstable and a tendency to clusterization of organic molecules is pronounced.
Competition of the Phase Separation Processes at Quasi-Isothermal Foaming of Polylactide in Carbon Dioxide Environment
Authors: Зимняков Д.А. , Попов Б.К. , Минаев Н.Б. , Епифанов Е.О. , Паренаго О.О. , Здражевский Р.А. , Берещагин Д.А. , Ушакова О.Б.
Published: September 2024

На основе анализа видеоданных о квази-изотермическом (313.3 K) вспенивании аморфного В,Ь-полилактида, пластифицированного суб- или сверхкритическим диоксидом углерода, установлены закономерности, контролирующие кинетику образования зародышей газовых пузырей при сбросе давления CO. Рассмотрены возможные сценарии разделения фаз в системе полилактид-диоксид углерода на стадии, предшествующей интенсивному развитию полимерной пены

Mechanisms controlling the nucleation kinetics in the foamed amorphous D,L-polylactide, which is preliminary plasticized using sub-ical or supercritical carbon dioxide, are established using analysis of videodata on the depressurization-induced quasi-isothermal (313,3 K) foaming of the polymer. Possible scenarios of the phase separation in the polylatide-carbon dioxide system at the stage, which precedes the expressed foam formation, are considered.
On the Efficiency of Carrying out Chemical Reactions under Supercritical Conditions During the Synthesis of Azelaic Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ether Based on Rapseed Oil
Authors: Аетов А.У. , Мазанов С.В. , Габитов Р.Р. , Усманов Р.А. , Фонкоу М.Д. , Гумеров Ф.М. , Салахов И.И. , Зурбашев А.В.
Published: September 2024

Исследованы химические стадии процесса получения ди(2-этилгексилового) эфира азелаиновой кислоты из рапсового масла - реакции гидролиза исходного масла; окисления олеиновой кислоты в присутствии Pd-cодержащего гетерогенного катализатора; этерификации азелаиновой кислоты. Процессы гидролиза и этерификации осуществляются в сверхкритических (СКФ) условиях (523-653 K и 22,5-30 МПа).

Three chemical stages of azelaic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester synthesis based on rapeseed oil were studied: hydrolysis of the initial oil, oxidation of oleic acid in the presence of palladium-containing heterogeneous catalyst, and esterification of azelaic acid. It is demonstrated that reactions hydrolysis and esterification can be efficiently carried out under supercritical conditions (523-653 K and 22.5-30 MPa).
Structure of Polymer Stabilized Co-Containing Particles Synthesized in Subcritical Water
Authors: Маркова М.Е. , Степачёва А.А. , Матвеева В.Г. , Сульман М.Г.
Published: September 2024

В работе исследован состав и структура кобальтсодержащего катализатора, синтезированного в среде субкритической воды. Определено, что полученный катализатор характеризуется высокой удельной площадью поверхности, а кобальтсодержащая фаза представлена нитевидными кристаллами CoO с диаметром 10 нм и длиной 100-600 нм.

In the current work, the structure and composition of the Co-containing catalyst synthesized in subcritical water was studied. The resulted catalyst is characterized by the high specific surface area. The Co-containing phase is presented by the CoO whiskers with the 10 nm diameter and the length of 100-600 nm.
Calculation of solubility of ОВТНО-, МЕТА- AND РАRА- hydroxybenzoic acids in pure and methanol-modified supercritical carbon dioxide based on molecular dynamics
Authors: Петренко В.Е. , Антипова М.Л. , Одинцова Е.Г.
Published: September 2024

В работе исследуется возможность использования репараметризованных уравне­ний Чрастила для расчета растворимости полярных органических соединений в чистом и модифицированном сорастворителем сверхкритическом диоксиде угле­рода на основе молекулярно-динамического моделирования. Проведено моделирование методом молекулярной динамики растворов орто-, мета- и пара-гидро­ксибензойных кислот в чистом и модифицированном метанолом (0,035 мольной доли метанола) сверхкритическом диоксиде углерода при температурах 318, 328, 338 и 348 К и плотностях 600, 700 и 800 кг/м3. Из полученных данных рассчитана растворимость кислот в рассматриваемых сверхкритических флюидах с использо­ванием уравнения Чрастила. Показано, что данная методика расчета с приемле­мой точностью воспроизводит известные из литературы экспериментальные дан­ные по растворимости.

The paper studies the possibility of using reparametrized Chrastil’s equations to calculate the solubility of polar organic compounds in pure and cosolvent-modified supercritical carbon dioxide based on molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular dynamics simulation of solutions ortho-, meta- and para-hydroxybenzoic acids in pure and methanol­modified (0.035 mole fraction of methanol) supercritical carbon dioxide at temperatures 318, 328, 338 and 348 K and densities 600, 700 and 800 kg/m3 has been carried out. The solubility of the acids in the supercritical fluids was calculated based on the simulation data by Chrastil’s equation. It is shown that the solubility evaluated using this calculation procedure is quite close to the experimental solubility values known from the literature.
МІОФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНА КОРЕКЦІЯ АТИПОВОГО КОВТАННЯ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ АПАРАТУ FROGGYMOUTH
Authors: Кобцева О.А.
Published: September 2024

Перехід від дитячого до дорослого ковтання відбувається у віці до 3 років. Якщо інфантильне ковтання зберігається після віку, коли фізіологічно має з'явитися ковтання дорослого типу, ми можемо говорити про атипове ковтання. Мета роботи. Дослідити принципи застосування інноваційного міофункціонального пристрою Froggymouth (Fm). Матеріали і методи. Проведено онлайн-пошук опублікованих наукових досліджень, що присвячені використанню апарату Froggymouth, що використовується для вирішення проблеми атипового ковтання та міофункціональної корекції порушеного положення язика. Виклад основного матеріалу. Роботи Еріка Кендела свідчать, що корекція атипового ковтання повинна базуватися на стимуляції підкіркових зв'язків і на гальмуванні смоктально-ковтального ланцюга. Апарат Froggymouth – це невеликий знімний пристрій, виготовлений з гнучкого термопластичного еластомеру. Він розміщується між губами, роз’єднує їх та гальмує смоктання-ковтання, стимулює скорочення губ, щоб підтримувати пристрій у фіксованому стані. Апарат слід використовувати протягом 15 хвилин щодня під час ігрової діяльності. Відсутність білабіального контакту перешкоджає виникненню негативного тиску в ротовій порожнині, а отже, будь-якого використання смоктання- ковтання для ковтання слини. Fm змушує дитину відкривати для себе новий спосіб ковтання підкірковим шляхом – створенням нових синапсів. Висновки. Fm сприяє автоматичному засвоєнню нової програми ковтання, вимагає від дитини меншого комплаєнсу порівняно з традиційною логопедичною терапією, а результати лікування є більш стабільними та довготривалими.
ChatGPT in Academic Assessments: Integrity
Authors: Finkel-Gates Adam
Published: September 2024

In an era where Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping educational methodologies, this study delves into the integration of AI, specifically ChatGPT V3.5, in academic assessments, with a focus on upholding academic integrity. Tasked with composing a 2,000-word essay on the future of Management Accounting in the era of big data, students engaged with ChatGPT to foster critical thinking, effective communication with AI, and independent verification of AI-provided information. This new way of evaluating students focuses on how they engage in their work, not just the final result. It matches the main values of Academic Integrity: being honest, building trust, being fair, showing respect, and taking responsibility. This approach helps deal with worries about whether student work is genuine when using advanced AI tools. Using a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews, this study explores how students perform differently, emphasising the importance of doing their own research and thinking critically to use AI effectively. The wide range of grades, from very high to very low, shows how differently students can interact with AI technology. This method of assessment with AI shows promise for teachers looking to include AI in evaluations responsibly. By adding to the discussion on keeping high academic standards with the help of AI, this study suggests a new way of assessing that stays true to the core values of honesty in education. It opens doors to further research on how AI can play a part in learning.
Overview of Financial Services in the 5.0 Era
Authors: Masrina Dinda Awaliah Ramadhani
Published: September 2024

overview of financial services in the 5.0 era. Era 5.0 is a digital era characterized by the rapid development of information and communication technology. Financial services are one of the sectors significantly affected by this development. This article provides an overview of the changes and transformation of financial services in the 5.0 era. This research uses a descriptive method and collects data from various reliable sources, including literature studies and recent publications. The analysis shows that the 5.0 era has brought significant changes in financial services.  Technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain and the Internet of Things have changed the way financial services are provided and accessed by users. Some important trends in financial services in the 5.0 era include digitalization, personalization, integration, and security.  In addition, the adoption of new technologies such as biometric technology and digital payments is increasing. However, there are also challenges that need to be overcome, such as data security, privacy, and financial inclusion. This research provides valuable insights into the development of financial services in the 5.0 era and its implications for financial industry players.
Outlooks and Challenges for Urban Green Space Development: A Review Case Study in Thailand
Authors: Paoin Kanawat , Pharino Chanathip
Published: September 2024

Even though prior studies have provided ample proof of the benefits of urban green space, Thailand's development and exploitation of urban green space remain insufficiently efficient. To assess the prospects for urban green space development in Thailand, our review study highlighted gaps and challenges related to these areas. This review study discussed the rationale for urban green space, its definitions, as well as its benefits and co-benefits (i.e., economic, social, health, and environmental). The review research additionally discussed Thailand's current urban green space issues, associated challenges (such as difficulties valuing and using urban green space, budgetary limitations, low priority for urban green space, and poor urban green space standards), and short- and long-term green space goals. Moreover, this study reviewed the urban green space assessment criteria (e.g., quality, potential urban green spaces, planning and strategy, and location selection), tools, and intriguing green space policies and practice approaches (e.g., planting and protecting trees, increasing public parks, and city taxpayers) from other previous studies and developed countries whose cities rank in the top 10 worldwide in terms of the ratio of green space to population density, for example, the US, Singapore, Germany, Switzerland, Canada, and the Netherlands. There have also been interesting platforms and technology introductions for developing and managing urban green spaces. Finally, the review study proposed guidelines for green space development that may be beneficial for Thai policymakers to improve green space based on lessons learned from other developed countries, such as being more accessible, a proper size, an appropriate distance from neighborhood residents, having suitable facilities and equipment for the users, maintaining the beauty and cleanliness, having recreational activities, tax incentives, and advanced technology platforms. Additional research is required to examine the damage costs associated with urban green space, policy, and cost-benefit analysis to make it more practicable.
PEMANFAATAN MAGGOT BLACK SOLDIER FLY DALAM UPAYA PERBAIKAN PRODUKSI PADA TERNAK DI DESA WONOHARJO KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN
Authors: Nabila Tissiana Irca , Adriani Lovita , Mayasari Novi , Kumalasari Chitra
Published: September 2024

Pangandaran merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki tingkat perekonomian yang tinggi. Salah satu faktor penunjang kehidupan ekonomi para masyarakat ada pada peternakan. Pakan ternak menjadi salah satu hal penting dalam memberikan pasokan yang optimal pada hewan ternak. Ketahanan pangan menjadi permasalahan baru saat ini, perlu adanya cara lain dalam membuat pakan alternatif untuk hewan ternak. Universitas Padjadjaran melaksanakan model Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat yaitu Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) di Desa Wonoharjo, Kecamatan Pangandaran, Kabupaten Pangandaran. Untuk mengatasi kenaikan harga pakan ternak, penyusun memberikan solusi dengan penyuluhan mengenai pembudidayaan larva/maggot lalat Black Soldier Fly (BSF) sebagai alternatif pengganti pakan ternak yang lebih ekonomis. Pendekatan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini termasuk penyuluhan berbasis workshop karena dilaksanakan partisipatif di antara masyarakat warga untuk mendorong terjadinya aksi transformatif. Hasil pengabdian berupa penyuluhan selama satu hari dengan beserta praktiknya untuk budidaya maggot. Dengan alternatif pakan ternak berupa maggot BSF ini diharapkan produksi dapat meningkat. Di samping itu, diidentifikasi bahwa maggot BSF dapat menjadi solusi penanganan sampah organik rumah tangga dan peluang bisnis.
Epidemiology of Horsepox. The New Aspects
Authors: Stovba L. F. , Petrov A. A. , Melnikov S. A. , Chukhralia O. V. , Cherniкova N. K. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: September 2024

In the last 10 years, scientists' interest in the horsepox pathogen has increased sharply due to the obtaining of its chimeric copy and the discussion of whether it was used to create early smallpox vaccines and the dangers of technologies that allow the restoration of extinct pathogens of dangerous infections.

The aim of the work is to summarize the materials on modern studies of the horsepox virus.

The source base of the study is English-language scientific literature available via the Internet.

The research method is an analysis of scientific sources on horsepox from the general to the specific. We considered the area of distribution of the virus, its epidemiological danger, phylogenetic relationship, data on the sequencing of the horsepox virus genome and the likelihood of its use in the creation of the first vaccines, as well as obtaining its chimeric copy, on the basis of which a new smallpox vaccine was created – TNX-801.

Results and discussion. The horsepox virus belongs to the poxvirus family, the orthopoxvirus genus. Classical horsepox has previously been reported only in Europe (France), Mongolia, and Kenya. The complete nucleotide sequence of the horsepox virus genome MNR-76 isolated in Mongolia has been determined. In addition to genes common to all orthopoxviruses, it includes intact genes specific only to this virus, the homologues of which are fragmented in the genome of other orthopoxviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of a number of orthopoxviruses was performed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the conserved central region of the genome and some of the more variable terminal regions. The data obtained indicate that horsepox virus is most closely related to vaccinia virus and rabbitpox virus strains. Although horsepox is currently considered extinct, its pathogen may persist in unknown reservoirs. The data on the sequencing of the horsepox virus genome, strain MNR-76, suggest that horsepox virus could have served as the basis for the first smallpox vaccines. A chimeric copy of the horsepox virus was obtained using synthetic biology, which was used to create a new smallpox vaccine, TNX-801. On its basis, a recombinant vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was constructed. The restoration of "extinct viruses" using synthetic biology methods has led to intense debates about the benefits and risks of such research.

Conclusion. It cannot be ruled out that the use of modern genetic engineering technologies may lead not only to the development of effective vaccines, but also to the production of new orthopoxviruses pathogenic for humans and animals, or to the reintroduction of smallpox, which is especially dangerous in the context of the virtual absence of smallpox immunity in the population and international control over experiments in the synthetic biology of dangerous pathogens.
Identification of CS Degradation Products in Objects Delivered from the Zone of a Special Military Operation
Authors: Iarlychenko A. S. , Ignatev V. A. , Ponsov M. A. , Grigoryev A. M.
Published: September 2024

The formation of a CS aerosol during the combustion of a pyrotechnic mixture in gas grenades is accompanied by the formation of numerous thermolytic degradation products. Many of these products (including CS itself) are highly reactive substances, as a result of which the composition of the aerosol differs significantly from the set of products that can be subsequently detected in environmental objects.

The aim of the work is to detect and identify CS derivatives in soil samples and in the material of gas grenades delivered from the zone of a special military operation to assess their relative content and select promising markers of the fact of CS use.

Research methods. Detection and structural identification of CS degradation products were performed using gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lowand high-resolution).

The results of the study. More than 30 compounds have been found that are products of oxidation, reduction, thermochemical degradation and dimerization of CS and its derivatives. The method of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, which was not previously used for such work, presumably identified five compounds, information about which in relation to gas grenades is not available in the sources available to us.

Conclusion. In the case of object analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the most convenient marker of CS exposure is 2-chlorobenzylmalonyl nitrile, while the content of CS itself may be insignificant. For the variant of analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, it is preferable to search for products of cyclization of CS of quinoline origin (positive ionization mode), and for the negative mode products of dimerization and reduction of CS.
Alaskapox amid New Orthopox Viral Infections Mikhail V. Supotnitskiy
Authors: Supotnitskiy M. V.
Published: September 2024

A previously unknown virus from the orthopoxvirus family (OPXV) caused a series of smallpox-like diseases among the inhabitants of Alaska. A patient with immunodeficiency died from a generalized infection similar to smallpox. The virus was named Alaska smallpox virus (AKPV).

The aim of the study was to summarize the available information on the nature and danger to humans of AKPV and its epidemic significance in the context of other activated orthopoxviruses.

Materials and methods. English-language sources available through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used. The information was analyzed from the specific to the general. The biological and other properties of AKPV were compared with those of known OPXV.

Discussion. AAKPV is related to New World OPXV, but is closely related to Old World OPXV. The clinical picture of the disease caused by AKPV and other OPXVs has a number of common symptoms, collectively called orthopoxvirus syndrome. It is characterized by an initial prodromal period in the form of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia and, less commonly, nausea and vomiting. After an incubation period of 10 to 14 days, macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, ulcers, dry crusts and depigmented scars develop over the course of weeks against the background of lymphadenopathy. In immunocompromised patients, OPXVs can cause a fatal infection resembling smallpox. If this syndrome is detected in a patient, OPXV infection should be assumed and the patient should be managed according to the guidelines of MP 3.1.0291-22. There is also a risk of using any detected OPXV as a source of genes for gain-of-function modification of other pathogens or for simulating.

Conclusion. The penetration of AKPV into human populations is part of the process of activation of natural foci of OPXV. The phylogenetic position of AKPV suggests that it may have natural reservoirs not only in Alaska, but also in the boreal forest zone of Russia from Kamchatka to Karelia. Artificial global spread of monkeypox of the lowinfectivity WA clade shows that social engineering techniques combined with global propaganda can simulate OPXV pandemics even with species thought incapable of such spread.