bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who May Punish How?
Authors: Strauß Sophie , Bondü Rebecca
Published: February 2022

Abstract. According to the intuitive retributivism hypothesis, individuals favor retributivist (getting even) over consequentialist (prevention of norm transgressions) motives when asked to rate the appropriateness of punishment responses representing these motives. This hypothesis has rarely been tested in children; restorative motives (norm clarification, settlement) and potentially influencing variables have rarely been considered. We had 170 elementary school children ( M = 9.26, SD = 1.01) rate the appropriateness of six punishment responses by themselves and teachers for two types of norm transgression as well as their justice sensitivity. Children rated punishment responses thought to represent restorative motives as most appropriate, followed by special preventive and other retributive motives, revenge, general preventive motives, and doing nothing for both themselves and their teachers. Transgression type did not influence appropriateness ratings. Justice sensitivity was related to a stronger tendency to punish. Findings favor intuitive pacifism over intuitive retributivism, indicate children’s preference for target-specific, communicative punishment, and show only small influences by other variables.
The Detection of Seismicity on Icy Ocean Worlds by Single‐Station and Small‐Aperture Seismometer Arrays
Authors: Marusiak A. G. , Schmerr N. C. , Pettit E. C. , Avenson B. , Bailey S. H. , Bray V. J. , Dahl P. , DellaGiustina D. N. , Wagner N. , Weber R. C.
Published: February 2022

Future missions carrying seismometer payloads to icy ocean worlds will measure global and local seismicity to determine where the ice shell is seismically active. We use two locations, a seismically active site on Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, and a more seismically quiet site on the northwestern Greenland Ice Sheet as geophysical analogs. We compare the performance of a single‐station seismometer against a small‐aperture seismic array to detect both high (>1 Hz) and low (<0.1 Hz) frequency events at each site. We created catalogs of high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) seismicity at each location using an automated short‐term average/long‐term average technique. We find that with a 1‐m small‐aperture seismic array, our detection rate increased (9% for Alaska and 46% for Greenland) over the single‐station approach. At Gulkana, we recorded an order of magnitude greater HF events than the Greenland site. We ascribe the HF events sources to a combination of icequakes, rockfalls, and ice‐water interactions, while very HF events are determined to result from bamboo poles that were used to secure gear. We further find that local environmental noise reduces the ability to detect LF global tectonic events. Based upon this study, we recommend that (a) future missions consider the value of the expanded capability of a small array compared to a single station, (b) design detection algorithms that can accommodate variable environmental noise, and (c) assess the potential landings sites for sources of local environmental noise that may limit detection of global events.
Imbalanced Moment Release Within Subducting Plates During Initial Bending and Unbending
Authors: Craig T. J. , Methley P. , Sandiford D.
Published: February 2022

Internal deformation within the downgoing plate in subduction zones to accommodate the bending of the plate as it starts to subduct is reflected in widespread intraplate seismicity. This seismicity, extending from the outer rise and outer trench slope down to intermediate depths within the slab, exhibits a wide variety of focal mechanism types, often indicative of the accumulation and recovery of down‐dip curvature through the combination of normal‐faulting and thrust‐faulting earthquakes. In the idealized case, where the bulk internal deformation is recovered and slabs descend as a straight plate into the deeper mantle, we might expect the seismic moment released in both extension and compression to balance. However, a number of factors may complicate this: the thermal, compositional, and rheological evolution of the slab as it subducts, changes in the proportion of deformation accommodated seismically, and whether the slab undergoes any permanent deformation. These factors may result in intraslab deformation and seismicity unrelated to the slab curvature. Here, we assess earthquake moment release in intraslab settings around the world, focusing on those subduction systems with relatively simple slab geometries. Consideration of several regions around the western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean indicates that substantially more deformation is accommodated seismically during bending than during unbending, and that in both settings, significantly more moment release reflects down‐dip extension than down‐dip compression. This suggests that, although the location of seismicity is clearly related to changes in slab curvature, there is a component of permanent, unrecovered down‐dip extension in many subducting slabs.
Conditions to Preserve the Sedimentary Record of Channel Planforms in Temperate Rivers of the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Słowik Marcin , Dezső József , Kovács János , Gałka Mariusz , Sipos György
Published: February 2022

We aim to identify conditions that influence the preservation of a complete record of channel planforms in the topmost layer of floodplains, prior to the maintenance in the rock record. We have tested a hypothesis that a successive decrease of stream power and channel belt width are necessary to preserve the record of channel planforms in the topmost floodplain layer over 103 to 104‐year time scales. A literature review was conducted for rivers of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Stream power, valley, and channel belt widths, paleodischarges, sediment grain‐size, and age of paleochannels were used to identify four groups of rivers with preservation potential ranging from tens of thousands years to annual time scales. The decrease in stream power followed by sustained low stream power, and successive decrease of channel belt width were identified in rivers preserving a 103 to 104‐year record of channel planforms. River valleys with the record of at least two generations of paleochannels, and valley width/channel belt width ratios between 6 and 12, potentially preserve fluvial records over 103 to 104‐year time scales. We analyzed unusually well‐preserved records of channel planforms from the Obra and Sió Rivers (central Europe). A determination of trends in changes of stream power and channel belt widths based on an extensive set of geophysical, geological data, and sediment dating from earlier studies, confirmed the tested hypothesis. The proposed framework can be extended by fluvial records preserved by large, and coastal rivers, with the potential to include ancient fluvial records.
African World Heritage Sites Jeopardized by Rising Seas
Authors: Duncombe Jenessa
Published: February 2022

Worsening flooding and erosion threaten places of “outstanding universal value” along the continent’s coastlines.
Innovators Tackle Toxic “Forever Chemicals”
Authors: Thomasy Hannah
Published: February 2022

New technologies seek to remove and destroy dangerous PFAS chemicals in contaminated water.
Navigating the Pacific with Wind, Waves, and Stars
Authors: Tripathy-Lang Alka
Published: February 2022

Ancient Polynesian voyagers sailed thousands of kilometers with no maps or compasses; they followed nature’s clues. Using the same tools, the Moananuiākea Voyage will set sail from Alaska and circle the Pacific.
Comparing Machine Learning Models for Earthquake Detection
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: February 2022

A new study evaluated the performance of emerging deep learning models for earthquake detection, phase identification, and phase picking.
General dental practitioners' perceptions of shared decision making: a qualitative study
Authors: Hayer Natasha , Wassif Hoda S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction As patient-centred care becomes more of the focus in healthcare, informed consent is receiving more attention in dental practice as the pinnacle principle in patient care. Shared decision making or person-centred care appears to be taking a back foot in dentistry.

Aim This study aims to gain insight into the current views and perceptions of shared decision making by general dental practitioners and how it can be utilised in daily practice.

Method Empirical qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews of nine dentists working in general practice, with an average of 30 minutes for each interview. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results Overall, there was a misunderstanding of what constitutes shared decision making among dental practitioners, with communication focused more on information provision rather than collaborative discussion. There were barriers which prevented full discussions with patients from occurring, some of which directly conflicted with the focus of shared decision making.

Conclusion There is a need to provide more clarity of what shared decision making is and how it can facilitate person-centred care in dental practice. Dental practitioners felt that standards and guidelines were not clear; therefore, they were confused as to what was expected of them with regards to communication. More support, in the form of standardised decision-making aids, is needed to assist dental practitioners to streamline the delivery of shared decision making in primary care.
Radiation-induced prodrug activation: extending combined modality therapy for some solid tumours
Authors: Farrer Nicola J. , Higgins Geoff S. , Kunkler Ian H.
Published: February 2022

Combined chemoradiotherapy is the standard of care for locally advanced solid tumours. However, systemic toxicity may limit the delivery of planned chemotherapy. New approaches such as radiation-induced prodrug activation might diminish systemic toxicity, while retaining anticancer benefit. Organic azides have recently been shown to be reduced and activated under hypoxic conditions with clinically relevant doses of radiotherapy, uncaging pazopanib and doxorubicin in preclinical models with similar efficacy as the drug, but lower systemic toxicity. This approach may be relevant to the chemoradiation of glioblastoma and other solid tumours and offers potential for switching on drug delivery from implanted devices. The inclusion of reporters to confirm drug activation, avoidance of off-target effects and synchronisation of irradiation with optimal intratumoral drug concentration will be critical. Further preclinical validation studies of this approach should be encouraged.
CCDC12 promotes tumor development and invasion through the Snail pathway in colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Du Fengying , Peng Lipan , Wang Qiang , Dong Kangdi , Pei Wenting , Zhuo Hongqing , Xu Tao , Jing Changqing , Li Leping , Zhang Jizhun
Published: February 2022

Integrative expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) analysis found that rs8180040 was significantly associated with Coiled-coil domain containing 12 (CCDC12) in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting confirmed CCDC12 was highly expressed in COAD tissues, which was consistent with RNA-Seq data from the TCGA database. Knockdown of CCDC12 could significantly reduce proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells, while exogenous overexpression of CCDC12 had the opposite effect. Four plex Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation assays were performed to determine its function and potential regulatory mechanism and demonstrated that overexpression of CCDC12 would change proteins on the adherens junction pathway. Overexpressed Snail and knocked down CCDC12 subsequently in SW480 cells, and we found that overexpression of Snail did not significantly change CCDC12 levels in SW480 cells, while knockdown of CCDC12 reduced that of Snail. CCDC12 plays a significant role in tumorigenesis, development, and invasion of COAD and may affect the epithelial to mesenchymal transformation process of colon cancer cells by regulating the Snail pathway.
A new lineage of Galapagos giant tortoises identified from museum samples
Authors: Jensen Evelyn L. , Quinzin Maud C. , Miller Joshua M. , Russello Michael A. , Garrick Ryan C. , Edwards Danielle L. , Glaberman Scott , Chiari Ylenia , Poulakakis Nikos , Tapia Washington , Gibbs James P. , Caccone Adalgisa
Published: February 2022

The Galapagos Archipelago is recognized as a natural laboratory for studying evolutionary processes. San Cristóbal was one of the first islands colonized by tortoises, which radiated from there across the archipelago to inhabit 10 islands. Here, we sequenced the mitochondrial control region from six historical giant tortoises from San Cristóbal (five long deceased individuals found in a cave and one found alive during an expedition in 1906) and discovered that the five from the cave are from a clade that is distinct among known Galapagos giant tortoises but closely related to the species from Española and Pinta Islands. The haplotype of the individual collected alive in 1906 is in the same clade as the haplotype in the contemporary population. To search for traces of a second lineage in the contemporary population on San Cristóbal, we closely examined the population by sequencing the mitochondrial control region for 129 individuals and genotyping 70 of these for both 21 microsatellite loci and >12,000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]. Only a single mitochondrial haplotype was found, with no evidence to suggest substructure based on the nuclear markers. Given the geographic and temporal proximity of the two deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages in the historical samples, they were likely sympatric, raising the possibility that the lineages coexisted. Without the museum samples, this important discovery of an additional lineage of Galapagos giant tortoise would not have been possible, underscoring the value of such collections and providing insights into the early evolution of this iconic radiation.
Cost-effectiveness of sleeping sickness elimination campaigns in five settings of the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Antillon Marina , Huang Ching-I , Crump Ronald E. , Brown Paul E. , Snĳders Rian , Miaka Erick Mwamba , Keeling Matt J. , Rock Kat S. , Tediosi Fabrizio
Published: February 2022

Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is marked for elimination of transmission by 2030, but the disease persists in several low-income countries. We couple transmission and health outcomes models to examine the cost-effectiveness of four gHAT elimination strategies in five settings – spanning low- to high-risk – of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Alongside passive screening in fixed health facilities, the strategies include active screening at average or intensified coverage levels, alone or with vector control with a scale-back algorithm when no cases are reported for three consecutive years. In high or moderate-risk settings, costs of gHAT strategies are primarily driven by active screening and, if used, vector control. Due to the cessation of active screening and vector control, most investments (75-80%) are made by 2030 and vector control might be cost-saving while ensuring elimination of transmission. In low-risk settings, costs are driven by passive screening, and minimum-cost strategies consisting of active screening and passive screening lead to elimination of transmission by 2030 with high probability.
Structural insights into multiplexed pharmacological actions of tirzepatide and peptide 20 at the GIP, GLP-1 or glucagon receptors
Authors: Zhao Fenghui , Zhou Qingtong , Cong Zhaotong , Hang Kaini , Zou Xinyu , Zhang Chao , Chen Yan , Dai Antao , Liang Anyi , Ming Qianqian , Wang Mu , Chen Li-Nan , Xu Peiyu , Chang Rulve , Feng Wenbo , Xia Tian , Zhang Yan , Wu Beili , Yang Dehua , Zhao Lihua , Xu H. Eric , Wang Ming-Wei
Published: February 2022

Glucose homeostasis, regulated by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon (GCG) is critical to human health. Several multi-targeting agonists at GIPR, GLP-1R or GCGR, developed to maximize metabolic benefits with reduced side-effects, are in clinical trials to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which tirzepatide, a GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist, and peptide 20, a GIPR/GLP-1R/GCGR triagonist, manifest their multiplexed pharmacological actions over monoagonists such as semaglutide, we determine cryo-electron microscopy structures of tirzepatide-bound GIPR and GLP-1R as well as peptide 20-bound GIPR, GLP-1R and GCGR. The structures reveal both common and unique features for the dual and triple agonism by illustrating key interactions of clinical relevance at the near-atomic level. Retention of glucagon function is required to achieve such an advantage over GLP-1 monotherapy. Our findings provide valuable insights into the structural basis of functional versatility of tirzepatide and peptide 20.
Performance behaviour of agro-waste based gypsum hollow blocks for partition walls
Authors: Singh Siddharth , Maiti Soumitra , Bisht Ravindra Singh , Balam Nagesh Babu , Solanki Rakesh , Chourasia Ajay , Panigrahi Soraj Kumar
Published: February 2022

Crop residue management is a massive problem in the agriculture sector. Agricultural waste in the form of stubble which is usually burnt in the farm fields, causes severe air pollution and poses a threat to the environment. The present study investigates the addition of agro-waste (rice straw) in gypsum hollow-core blocks for partition walls. Various compositions of agro-waste-based gypsum samples have been studied for compressive strength, thermal, sound absorption, sound transmission loss, and fire-resistant properties. The addition of rice straw in gypsum reduces the density and compressive strength of the test sample, thus making it lightweight for non-load bearing wall application. The thermal conductivity of the rice straw added gypsum samples show a decrease in thermal conductivity from 0.2 to 0.11 W/m K. Acoustic properties viz., noise reduction coefficient (NRC) increases from 25 to 45% with increase in rice straw addition and a decreasing trend in sound transmission class (STC) from 37 to 28 dB. The fire-resistant properties viz., surface spread of flame, and fire propagation index test have shown good fire-resistant properties. The agro-waste-based hollow gypsum blocks may be used as a promising material for drywall partitions owing to its thermal insulation, low density, good acoustic and fire-resistant properties.
Visible-light induced dearomatization reactions
Authors: Cheng Yuan-Zheng , Feng Zuolijun , Zhang Xiao , You Shu-Li
Published: February 2022

This review provides an overview of visible-light induced dearomatization reactions classified based on the manner in which aromaticity is disrupted.
Sc(iii)-Based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Gupta Nishesh Kumar , Osorio-Toribio Génesis , Hernández Magali , Percástegui Edmundo G. , Lima Enrique , Ibarra Ilich A.
Published: February 2022

In the universe of MOFs, their construction with Sc(iii) is rather limited. This highlight shows the exciting chronological development of Sc(iii)-MOFs which have afforded promising applications due to their exceptional chemical stability.
Excited state dynamics of 2′-deoxyisoguanosine and isoguanosine in aqueous solution
Authors: Caldero-Rodríguez Naishka E. , Crespo-Hernández Carlos E.
Published: February 2022

Excited state dynamics of dIsoGuo and IsoGuo in aqueous solution involve S1(ππ*) → S0 internal conversion via two relaxation pathways with lifetimes of hundreds of femtoseconds and less than 2 ps, making them photostable in aqueous solution.
Phosphine oxides as NMR and IR spectroscopic probes for the estimation of the geometry and energy of PO⋯H–A hydrogen bonds
Authors: Kostin Mikhail A. , Pylaeva Svetlana A. , Tolstoy Peter M.
Published: February 2022

The shifts of 31P NMR signals and PO vibrational frequencies allow one to measure the energy of H-bonds formed by phosphine oxides.
Machine learning and graph neural network for finding potential drugs related to multiple myeloma
Authors: He Haohuai , Chen Guanxing , Chen Calvin Yu-Chian
Published: February 2022

An innovative voting mechanism for virtual drug screening.
Ultrafast exciton delocalization and localization dynamics of a perylene bisimide quadruple π-stack: a nonadiabatic dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Zeng Ya-Ping , Wan Xu-Jiang , Xu Dong-Hui , Liu Xiang-Yang , Cui Ganglong , Li Laicai
Published: February 2022

Ultrafast charge transfer state mediated exciton localization dynamics was first revealed by LR-TDDFT-based nonadiabatic dynamics simulations.
Effects of transition metal doping on electronic structure of metastable β-Fe2O3 photocatalyst for solar-to-hydrogen conversion
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Wang Xin , Li Yang , Zhang Ningsi , Zhong Miao , Li Zhaosheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: February 2022

Doping of Zr, Sn, and Ti in β-Fe2O3 causes a change in the charge density in the [111] crystal orientation and a transfer of electrons, resulting in a reduction of the effective mass. Thus, the doping of Zr, Sn, and Ti decreases the effective mass in the [111] orientation and increases the carrier mobility.
Filtration with cornstalks as a pre-treatment process to control membrane fouling in the concentration of biogas slurry: performance, mechanism and economic analysis
Authors: Li Yun , Xu Shuni , Zhao Mingcan , Song Yuan , Wang Zhiqi , Xie Xiaomin
Published: February 2022

Anaerobic fermentation produces biogas slurry as a by-product of clean energy, which poses a severe challenge for the sustainable management of livestock farms.
Environmentally sustainable, high-performance lignin-derived universal adhesive
Authors: Singh Sandip K. , Ostendorf Kolja , Euring Markus , Zhang Kai
Published: February 2022

A lignin-based adhesive was developed with the formation of new C–O, C–N, and C–C bonds that contributed to adhesive performance on versatile substrates.
Phosphorus–carbon covalent bond induced kinetics modulation of vanadium diphosphide for room- and high-temperature sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Ye Xiangxiang , Li Qifei , Geng Hongbo
Published: February 2022

The electrochemical kinetics of vanadium diphosphide is regulated by the phosphorus–carbon covalent bond to boost the sodium storage performance.
Unveiling low-temperature thermal oxidation growth of W18O49 nanowires with metastable β-W films
Authors: Dai Tiantian , Deng Zanhong , Wang Shimao , Fang Xiaodong , Meng Gang
Published: February 2022

Metastable β-W films play an essential role in the low-temperature (400 °C) thermal oxidation growth of W18O49 nanowire arrays.
Spiroaquilarenes A–E: unprecedented anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene polymers from agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis
Authors: Huang Xiao-Ling , Yan Yong-Ming , Wang Dai-Wei , Cheng Yong-Xian
Published: February 2022

Spiroaquilarenes A–E (1–5), a class of sesquiterpene polymers featuring unusual furaneol rings connecting sesquiterpene units, were isolated from agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis and structurally characterized.
Chemical transformation of doubly N-confused porphodimethenes to variants of (anti)aromatic doubly N-confused porphyrinoids and σ-aromatic doubly N-confused isophlorinoids
Authors: Halder Nyancy , Naryanasamy Raja , Usharani Dandamudi , Rath Harapriya
Published: February 2022

Chemical transformation(s) of doubly N-confused porphodimethenes to variants π (anti)aromatic and σ-aromatic doubly N-confused porphyrinoids via unique π-reconstructions.
Unterschiede zwischen dem Zytokinsturm bei SARS-CoV-2-Infektion und einem Makrophagenaktivierungssyndrom oder der sekundären hämophagozytären Lymphohistiozytose
Authors: Meyer-Bahlburg Almut
Published: February 2022

Eine Gruppe der Universitätsklinik Münster unter Beteiligung mehrerer Mitglieder unserer Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie analysiert im Detail das Zytokinmuster beim Zytokinsturm-Syndrom im Rahmen von COVID-19. Insbesondere geht es dabei um die Identifizierung charakteristischer Unterschiede zwischen dem Zytokinsturm bei SARS-CoV-2-Infektion einerseits und einem Makrophagenaktivierungssyndrom (MAS) oder der sekundären hämophagozytischen Lymphohistiozytose (HLH).
Gentherapie bei angeborenen Defekten der Immunität
Authors: Ghosh Sujal
Published: February 2022

Seit 50 Jahren werden angeborene Defekte der Immunität erfolgreich durch eine allogene hämatopoetische Stammzelltransplantation behandelt. Neben verschiedenen Faktoren, wie z. B. Grunderkrankungen und Komorbiditäten, ist die geeignete Spenderverfügbarkeit von Bedeutung. Die Spender-gegen-Empfänger-Erkrankung ist gerade im HLA-nicht-angepassten Setting eine wesentliche Ursache für Morbidität und Mortalität. Seit über 30 Jahren ist man bestrebt, für diese seltenen Erkrankungen gentherapeutische Konzepte zu entwickeln. Der schwere kombinierte Immundefekt, die chronisch-septische Granulomatose und das Wiskott-Aldrich-Syndom zählen zu den ersten genetischen Erkrankungen, die mittels viraler Vektoren durch ein Genadditionsverfahren behandelt werden konnten. Lehren aus diesen Studien konnten auch für eine Reihe nicht-immunologischer Erkrankungen gezogen werden. Überschattet wurden die initial erfolgversprechenden Behandlungsergebnisse mit dem häufigen Auftreten von Leukämien. Modifikationen viraler Vektoren durch zahlreiche Sicherheitsmechanismen sind nun Bestandteil moderner Gentherapiestudien, sodass mittlerweile diese Plattform für eine Reihe weiterer Erkrankung zur Verfügung steht.
ESMO 2021 – kastrationssensitives Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: February 2022

Aktuelle Studien sprechen für den Nutzen der Therapieintensivierung mit verstärkter Androgensignal-Inhibition beim kastrationssensitiven Prostatakarzinom (CSPC).
Management des malignen Melanoms
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: February 2022

Im Management des lange Zeit prognostisch sehr ungünstigen malignen Melanoms werden dank der Entwicklung von Checkpoint-Inhibitoren (CPI) und zielgerichteten „small molecules“ erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt. Das Melanom ist der Tumor, bei dem die CPI vor genau 10 Jahren erstmals etabliert wurden und Betroffenen ein Langzeit-Überleben ermöglichten, betonte Prof. Carola Berking, Erlangen, auf dem letztjährigen Deutschen Hautkrebskongress. Um das Outcome weiter zu verbessern, werden verstärkt Kombinationsregime geprüft.
Virtueller ESMO 2021
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: February 2022

Die Therapie mit PARP-Inhibitoren (PARPi) beim Eierstockkrebs kann ausgeweitet werden: Sie sind auch bei rezidivierten Patientinnen weiterhin aktiv. Als neuer Ansatz hat sich die Glukokortikoidrezeptor(GR)-Modulation als effektiv erwiesen.
Die Bedeutung der Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften für die Akademisierung des Hebammenberufs
Authors: Grieshop Melita , Knape Nina
Published: February 2022

Die Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften haben einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Anbahnung der Akademisierung des Hebammenberufs geleistet. Ein Rückblick auf die primärqualifizierenden Bachelorstudiengänge der letzten Jahre weist den Stand der Erfahrungen in den Studiengängen auf und verdeutlicht die Herausforderungen im Aufbau neuer Programme.
Der lange Weg einer Patientin mit Cryopyrinopathie
Authors: Paulmichl Anna , Brunner Jürgen
Published: February 2022

Die hier vorgestellte Patientin hatte von frühem Kindesalter an verschiedene Beschwerden, die über lange Zeit hinweg keinem bestimmten Krankheitsbild zugeordnet werden konnten. Als Baby im Alter von 5 Wochen kam es zu hohem Fieber. Zur weiteren Abklärung wurde damals eine Liquorpunktion durchgeführt, die einen unauffälligen Befund ergab. Die Ursache für das Fieber blieb ungeklärt. Es traten keine weiteren Fieberschübe auf.
Diabetes-Patienten sind doch alle irgendwie komisch
Authors: Bergmann Antje , Schwarz Peter E.H.
Published: February 2022

Wer von uns hat diese Aussage nicht schonmal gehört? Vor etwa 4 Wochen wurde eine neue Diabetes-DiGA in Deutschland auf den Markt gebracht. Der Name dieser DiGA ist „HelloBetter“. „HelloBetter“ ist zugelassen als Diabetes-DiGA, ist aber eigentlich eine DiGA, die ein kluges und fokussiertes Programm zur Therapie der Depression bei Diabetes mellitus anbietet. Aus diesem Grund ist das Nicht-Vorliegen einer Depression auch ein Ausschlusskriterium für die Anwendung von „HelloBetter“. Allerdings sind depressive Beschwerden, Traurigkeit, Interessenverlust, Antriebslosigkeit ausreichend, die DiGA zu verschreiben. Im ersten Moment waren wir überrascht. Im zweiten Moment müssen wir eigentlich dankbar sein, dass es jemanden im Diabetes-Sektor gibt, der die Frage Depression bei Diabetes in den Vordergrund stellt, denn wir tun es häufig nicht. Wir wissen alle, dass bis zu 50 % unserer Typ-2-Diabetes-Patienten depressiv sind oder zumindest eine depressive Stimmungslage hat. In den allermeisten Fällen ignorieren wir das oder reagieren in der Diskussion mit Kollegen so ähnlich wie die Überschrift dieses Editorials formuliert ist. Es ist aber ein brisantes Problem und es ist ein Problem, für das eine klare Versorgungslücke existiert.
Diabetes and COVID-19
Authors: Bornstein Stefan
Published: February 2022

Sehr geehrte Leserinnen und Leser von Diabetes aktuell,

in der beiliegenden Ausgabe von Diabetes aktuell widmen wir uns einem Thema, welches uns als Hausärzte, Diabetologen und Internisten in den letzten Monaten sehr beansprucht und beschäftigt hat. Nicht nur Anästhesisten, Intensivmediziner und Pneumologen waren in dieser Pandemie besonders gefordert, sondern auch wir als Diabetologen.
Diabetes und Nierenerkrankungen bei COVID-19
Authors: Tonnus Wulf , Latk Markus , Linkermann Andreas
Published: February 2022

Das SARS-CoV2-Virus befällt in der Niere verschiedene Zelltypen. Während in der Öffentlichkeit primär über die pulmonale Symptomatik diskutiert wurde, rückt zunehmend die weniger offensichtliche Schädigung anderer Organsysteme in den Fokus. Besonders bei Diabetikern ist die Niere in diesem Zusammenhang relevant, welche sowohl über direkte Virusinfektion als auch indirekte Folgeerscheinungen geschädigt werden kann. Die Pathomechanismen umfassen akute Nierenfunktionseinschränkungen ebenso wie die Entwicklung einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz. Umgekehrt stellen Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz ein besonders vulnerables Kollektiv in der Pandemie dar, da dies sowohl ein Risikofaktor für einen schweren Verlauf darstellt als auch Präventionsmaßnahmen deutlich erschwert. Ein Verständnis für diese Zusammenhänge ist daher nicht nur für die Betreuung immunkompromittierter Patienten essenziell, sondern auch im Rahmen der Nachsorge nach COVID-19-Pneumonie.
Multiparametric Oncologic Hybrid Imaging: Machine Learning Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Küstner Thomas , Hepp Tobias , Seith Ferdinand
Published: February 2022

Background Machine learning (ML) is considered an important technology for future data analysis in health care.

Methods The inherently technology-driven fields of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine will both benefit from ML in terms of image acquisition and reconstruction. Within the next few years, this will lead to accelerated image acquisition, improved image quality, a reduction of motion artifacts and – for PET imaging – reduced radiation exposure and new approaches for attenuation correction. Furthermore, ML has the potential to support decision making by a combined analysis of data derived from different modalities, especially in oncology. In this context, we see great potential for ML in multiparametric hybrid imaging and the development of imaging biomarkers.

Results and Conclusion In this review, we will describe the basics of ML, present approaches in hybrid imaging of MRI, CT, and PET, and discuss the specific challenges associated with it and the steps ahead to make ML a diagnostic and clinical tool in the future.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
SOP Symptomkontrolle beim palliativmedizinischen Notfall
Authors: Eschbach Tim , Sanftl Petra
Published: February 2022

In der präklinischen Notfallmedizin stößt der Rettungsdienst immer wieder auf Patienten mit schweren Grunderkrankungen 1, die sich mit stark belastenden
Symptomen, wie Luftnot und Schmerzen, präsentieren. Nur wenige sind an eine spezielle ambulante Palliativversorgung (SAPV) angebunden oder haben eine eindeutige Patientenverfügung. Eine
rasche Klärung des Therapieziels ist in der Akutsituation oft nicht möglich. Diese SOP zeigt Möglichkeiten einer medikamentösen Symptomkontrolle.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser der arthritis + rheuma, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,
Authors: Baraliakos Xenofon , Fiehn Christoph , Gaulke Ralph , Rüther Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

alles Gute im Neuen Jahr!

Es ist für die Herausgeber immer wieder eine besondere Freude zu sehen, welch hohe Akzeptanz die arthritis + rheuma bei ihrer Leserschaft findet. Die Leseranalyse medizinischer Fachmedien (LA-MED) attestiert der Zeitung wiederholt Bestnoten. Die Zeitung wird viel gelesen.
Schmerztherapie bei Tumorüberlebern
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: February 2022

Die Ohrakupunktur wird in den USA bei Kriegsveteranen mit chronischen Schmerzen erfolgreich eingesetzt. Bei der alternativen Elektroakupunktur soll die niedrigfrequente Stimulation der Nadeln den Energiefluss Qi verbessern. In der PEACE-Studie waren beide Methoden bei Tumorüberlebern mit chronischen muskuloskelettalen Schmerzen effektiv. Die Nichtunterlegenheit der Ohrakupunktur im Vergleich zur Elektroakupunktur bestätigte sich allerdings nicht.
(+)-Magnolin Enhances Melanogenesis in Melanoma Cells and Three-Dimensional Human Skin Equivalent; Involvement of PKA and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Uto Takuhiro , Tung Nguyen Huu , Ohta Tomoe , Shoyama Yukihiro
Published: February 2022

Magnoliae Flos is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat nasal congestion associated with headache, empyema, and allergic rhinitis. In our preliminary screening of crude drugs used in
Japanese Kampo formulas for melanin synthesis, the methanol extract of Magnoliae Flos was found to exhibit strong melanin synthesis activity. However, there have been no studies evaluating
the effects of Magnoliae Flos or its constituents on melanogenesis. The present study aimed to isolate the active compounds from Magnoliae Flos that activate melanin synthesis in melanoma
cells and three-dimensional human skin equivalent, and to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying melanin induction. The methanol extract of Magnoliae Flos induced an increase of
melanin content in both B16-F1 and HMV-II cells. A comparison of melanin induction by three fractions prepared from the extract showed that the ethyl acetate fraction markedly induced
melanin synthesis. Bioassay-guided separation of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in the isolation of seven lignans (1 – 7). Among them, (+)-magnolin (5) strongly
induced melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction and 5 clearly induced melanin content in a three-dimensional human skin
equivalent. Molecular analysis revealed that 5 triggered the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2. Further analysis of
transcriptional factors and signaling pathways demonstrated that 5 induces the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2
activated by the protein kinase A- and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways, leading to cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation and
microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression. These findings demonstrate the potential of 5 as a potent therapeutic agent for hypopigmentation.
Kann Diabetes durch COVID-19 ausgelöst werden?
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Ludwig Barbara , Bornstein Stefan
Published: February 2022

Es wurde lange diskutiert, ob COVID-19 zu neu auftretendem Diabetes führen kann. Jedoch jetzt, fast 2 Jahre nach Beginn der Pandemie, haben mehrere Studien berichtet, dass neu auftretender Diabetes mit COVID-19 in Verbindung gebracht wird. Stoffwechselerkrankungen sind mit einem erhöhten Risiko für schweres COVID-19 verbunden und umgekehrt wurden bei COVID-19-Patienten eine neu auftretende Hyperglykämie und Komplikationen eines vorbestehenden Diabetes beobachtet. Darüber hinaus sind leicht erhöhte Blutzuckerwerte bei COVID-19-Patienten selbst bei Menschen ohne Diabetes mit schlechteren Ergebnissen verbunden. Die genauen Mechanismen für einen neu auftretenden Diabetes bei Patienten mit COVID-19 sind noch nicht bekannt. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich neben direkten oder indirekten Auswirkungen von SARS-CoV-2 auf die Beta-Zellen in der Bauchspeicheldrüse um eine Reihe komplexer zusammenhängender Prozesse, so wie zuvor nicht diagnostizierter Diabetes, Stresshyperglykämie und steroidinduzierte Hyperglykämie.
Management von Diabetespatienten in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Hoffmann Carlotta , Rachner Tilman D. , Guggenbichler Florian , Tahirukaj Ermal , Bejtullah Sacipi , Zinserling Vsevolod A. , Varga Zsuzanna , Bornstein Stefan R. , Perakakis Nikolaos
Published: February 2022

Über 10 % der deutschen Bevölkerung leiden an metabolischen Krankheiten wie Diabetes, Adipositas, oder nicht alkoholischer Steatohepatitis. Betroffene sind während der COVID-19-Pandemie einem besonderen Risiko ausgesetzt, gibt es doch zahlreiche Hinweise auf eine bidirektionale Beziehung zwischen diesen Krankheiten und COVID-19. Einerseits besteht ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten schwerer Krankheitsverläufe bis hin zum Tod, andererseits kann eine COVID-19-Infektion bereits bestehende metabolische Störungen verschlimmern oder neu hervorrufen. Wir werden hier die aktuelle Datenlage bezüglich der pathophysiologischen Mechanismen, die zu dieser bidirektionalen Beziehung führen, zusammenfassen und Empfehlungen für den Umgang mit solchen Patienten während und nach einer Infektion aussprechen.
Asymmetric Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Cycloadditions of ortho-Quinone Methides and Related Compounds
Authors: Schneider Christoph , Dorsch Caroline
Published: February 2022

This review summarizes recent developments in the area of Brønsted acid catalyzed, enantioselective cycloadditions of ortho-quinone methides, ortho-quinone methide imines as well as heterocyclic indole- and pyrrole-based methides. In a straightforward and single-step transformation complex polycyclic N- and O-heterocyclic scaffolds are accessible, with typically good yields and excellent stereocontrol, from simple benzyl and heterobenzyl alcohols upon acid-catalyzed dehydration. The transient precursors are hydrogen-bonded to a chiral Brønsted acid which controls the enantioselectivity of the process.

1 Introduction

2 Cycloadditions of ortho-Quinone Methides

2.1 Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Processes

2.2 Cooperative Brønsted Acid/Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Processes

3 Cycloadditions of ortho-Quinone Methide Imines

4 Cycloadditions of Indolyl-3-methides

5 Cycloadditions of Indolyl-2-methides

5.1 Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Processes

5.2 Cooperative Brønsted Acid/Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Processes

6 Cycloadditions of Pyrrolyl-2-methides

7 Cycloadditions of Pyrrolyl-3-methides

8 Conclusions
Influence of strain and dislocations on GaSb/GaAs quantum dots: From nested to staggered band alignment
Authors: McGuigan B. C. , Chang A. S. , Greenhill C. , Johnson H. T. , Goldman R. S.
Published: February 2022

We investigate the influence of strain and dislocations on band alignment in GaSb/GaAs quantum dot systems. Composition profiles from cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy images are interpolated onto a finite element mesh in order to calculate the distribution of local elastic strain, which is converted to a spatially varying band alignment using deformation potential theory. Our calculations predict that dislocation-induced strain relaxation and charging lead to significant local variations in band alignment. Furthermore, misfit strain induces a transition from a nested (type I) to a staggered (type II) band alignment. Although dislocation-induced strain relaxation prevents the type I to type II transition, electrostatic charging at dislocations induces the staggered band alignment once again.
Cavity quantum materials
Authors: Schlawin F. , Kennes D. M. , Sentef M. A.
Published: February 2022

The emergent field of cavity quantum materials bridges collective many-body phenomena in solid state platforms with strong light–matter coupling in cavity quantum electrodynamics. This brief review provides an overview of the state of the art of cavity platforms and highlights recent theoretical proposals and first experimental demonstrations of cavity control of collective phenomena in quantum materials. This encompasses light–matter coupling between electrons and cavity modes, cavity superconductivity, cavity phononics and ferroelectricity, correlated systems in a cavity, light–magnon coupling, cavity topology and the quantum Hall effect, as well as super-radiance. An outlook of potential future developments is given.
Response of turtle hatchlings to light emitting diodes at sea
Authors: Wilson Phillipa , Pendoley Kellie , Whiting Scott , Pattiaratchi Charitha , Meekan Mark , Thums Michele
Published: February 2022

It is well known that light pollution disrupts the early dispersal of marine turtles. But now, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are replacing traditional lights, however, we know little about how they influence hatchling dispersal. Here, we used acoustic telemetry to assess the early in-water dispersal and predation rates of hatchlings in response to different intensities of LEDs ranging from 10 to 120 W. We found no effect of LEDs on hatchling bearing when lights were in the direction they dispersed under ambient conditions. When LEDs were not in their usual direction of travel, variability in mean bearing increased, and a change in bearing occurred with the highest light intensity. We found weak evidence that predation was also higher at this light intensity compared to ambient, and also in two of the lower light intensities (10 and 30 W), but only on one experimental night. We were unable to find a relationship between hatchling speed and time spent in the tracking area with light intensity. However, reduced sample sizes (due to predation) might have affected our ability to detect effects. Although more effort is required to increase the confidence in our findings, LEDs disrupted hatchling dispersal and are therefore likely to negatively affect their survival.
BIN1 modulation in vivo rescues dynamin-related myopathy
Authors: Lionello Valentina Maria , Kretz Christine , Edelweiss Evelina , Crucifix Corinne , Gómez-Oca Raquel , Messaddeq Nadia , Buono Suzie , Koebel Pascale , Massana Muñoz Xènia , Diedhiou Nadège , Cowling Belinda S. , Bitoun Marc , Laporte Jocelyn
Published: February 2022

Significance

Membrane remodeling and trafficking is essential for intracellular organization under normal conditions and can be altered in a plethora of diseases. Here we characterized the action of amphiphysin (BIN1) and dynamin (DNM2), two main regulators of membrane remodeling mutated in congenital myopathies. We found their interplay is necessary for membrane fission in vitro and to maintain muscle homeostasis in vivo. Moreover, increasing BIN1 expression was validated as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate both mild and severe forms of DNM2-associated myopathies in mice.
Evolutionarily conserved inhibitory uORFs sensitize
Hox
mRNA translation to start codon selection stringency
Authors: Ivanov Ivaylo P. , Saba James A. , Fan Chen-Ming , Wang Ji , Firth Andrew E. , Cao Chune , Green Rachel , Dever Thomas E.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Cellular protein synthesis relies on faithful selection of the translation start codon by the ribosome. Initiation at alternative sites on a messenger RNA (mRNA) impairs production of native proteins, triggers synthesis of junk proteins, and enables regulation of translation. The nucleotide sequence flanking a start codon controls its efficiency of selection. We identify mRNAs containing start codons in conserved poor sequence contexts, including several
Hox
mRNAs encoding regulators of the body plan. Other
Hox
mRNAs contain conserved upstream open reading frames with poor start codon contexts that sensitize translation to changes in start codon selection stringency. Thus, alterations in start codon selection stringency has the potential to regulate global gene expression programs, including
Hox
gene-directed body plan formation in animals.
A PRC2-Kdm5b axis sustains tumorigenicity of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ren Zhihong , Kim Arum , Huang Yu-Ting , Pi Wen-Chieh , Gong Weida , Yu Xufen , Qi Jun , Jin Jian , Cai Ling , Roeder Robert G. , Chen Wei-Yi , Wang Gang Greg
Published: February 2022

Significance

Acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) with NUP98-NSD1 or MLL abnormality are generally aggressive, demanding a better understanding of the underlying oncogenic mechanisms. We show that these AMLs rely on a regulatory axis involving PRC2–|Kdm5b–|stemness genes for sustaining an oncogenic program. The H3K27 methylase activity of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is crucial for repressing Kdm5b, a corepressor carrying a H3K4me3 reader domain, that antagonizes the AML oncoproteins by directly binding to and down-regulating the AML stemness genes, thereby suppressing acute leukemogenesis. Such an AML-suppressing role of Kdm5b is not dependent on its intrinsic demethylase activity but requires its scaffold and/or chromatin association functions. The findings of this study shall aid in potential therapeutics of the affected AML patients.
Spring triticale yield in mixed crops for sustainable development of the environment
Authors: Mefodyev G A , Alexandrova A N , Yakovleva M I , Eliseeva L V , Shashkarov L G
Published: February 2022

Sowing spring triticale based on mixtures of varieties may be more promising than sowing monoculture varieties. Four varieties of spring triticale (Ulyana, Rovnya, Saur and Khaikar) were evaluated with two-component (1:1) and three-component (1:1:1) variety mixtures. Studied 6 variants of two-component mixtures and 4 three-component mixtures. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Chuvash State University in 2018-2020. The effectiveness of the variety mixtures was determined by a comparative analysis of the actual and possible yield. The stability of crops in terms of yield was assessed by the coefficient of variation. In monoculture, the Saur variety had the highest yield. The two-component crops were the highest yielding and stable over the years compared to the one-component and three-component crops. The most promising variety mixtures turned out to be Ulyana/Khaikar, Rovnya/Saur and Saur/Khaikar, which allow increasing yields by 4.7-20.2 100kg/ha.
Probiotic feed preparations for aquaculture facilities to ensure sustainable development and preservation of species biodiversity
Authors: Matrosova I V , Panchishina E M , Politaeva A A , Kornienko N L
Published: February 2022

Under the conditions of an increasing anthropogenic load on marine ecosystems, bottom and pelagic communities can undergo significant changes, and even cardinal rearrangements. To assess coastal waters state and their further changes, information is needed both about individual components and ecosystems as a whole. Some biological characteristics of Far Eastern sea cucumber, gray sea urchin and scallop from different water areas have been investigated. At present, an urgent task is the artificial reproduction of aquatic organisms in order to preserve their number in natural populations by reducing the fishing pressure on them. An effective way of aquatic organisms replenishing natural accumulations and obtaining marketable products is technologies development and implementation for juveniles cultivation in factory conditions using feed preparations. The quality of probiotic supplements was assessed for compliance with regulatory documents requirements, as well as those declared by the manufacturer. This work results will serve as the basis for eco-friendly mariculture enterprises creation for the cultivation of aquatic organisms, taking into account the need for natural resources rational use and environmental protection.