bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of antimicrobial activity of polyphenol-enriched extracts against probiotic lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Dimitrova Milena , Ivanov Galin , Mihalev Kiril , Slavchev Alexander , Ivanova Ivelina , Vlaseva Radka
Published: March 2019

The antimicrobial activity of polyphenol-enriched extracts from industrial plant by-products (strawberry and bilberry press residues and distilled rose petals) against probiotic lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus – S10 and S19; Lactobacillus rhamnosus – YW and S25; Lactobacillus gasseri – S20; Streptococcus thermophilus – S13 and S32) was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in most strains tested was found to be relatively high (from 6.25 mg.mL-1 to 12.50 mg.mL-1). The maximum concentration of polyphenols without inhibitory effect (MCWI) ranges from 0.390mg.mL-1 to 0.781mg.mL-1. The results obtained in the present study showed that among the tested lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus – S19, Lactobacillus rhamnosus – YW and Streptococcus thermophilus – S13 had the best growth characteristics in polyphenol-enriched culture medium. These strains had the highest MIC and MCWI values and could be used as starter cultures for polyphenol-fortified fermented milks. Practical applications: The use of polyphenol-enriched extracts from industrial plant by-products (waste) – distilled rose petals (by-products of rose oil production) and strawberry and bilberry press residues (by-products of fruit juice production) contribute for improving the economic effect and for solving environmental problems in food industry. Development of functional fermented milks with combination of probiotic starter cultures and polyphenol extracts is current and perspective direction of food industry.
‘When Going to Saint James’: An Old Russian Graffito from the 12th Century in Aquitania
Authors: Gordin Alexander M. , Rozhdestvenskaya Tatiana V.
Published: March 2019

In 2015 in Pons, in the former province of Saintonge, an Old Russian pilgrim graffito was found on the wall of the parish church of St. Vivien, a monument of the mid-12th century. It is the second graffito found in France after the one discovered at St. Gilles Abbey. The town of Pons is located on the westernmost route of Santiago de Compostela (via Turonensis) and is noteworthy because of the preserved pilgrim almshouse of the latter half of the 12th century. On the walls of its long archway are horseshoe drawings made by medieval pilgrims, the latest of which, dating from the 16th–17th centuries, bends around a name that is also apparently written in Cyrillic script. The earlier inscription, which appears at the base of the northern end wall of the original façade of the St. Vivien church, is made in the name of one Ivan Zavidovich: “Ivano ps[а]lo Zavi|doviche ida ko | svętomu Ię|kovu” (= ‘Ivan Zavidovich wrote this when going to Saint James’). The most probable palaeographic dating is in the 1160s–1180s. As suggested by birch bark manuscripts, the name of Ivan’s father, Zavid, was popular among Novgorod boyars. Novgorod is also the place with the greatest indirect evidence of the occurrence in Old Russia of the western cult of St. James. This well preserved inscription is an important epigraphic discovery, but its main value lies in the direct evidence of pilgrimages by Russians to the shrine of St. James in Galicia.
ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN ULANG AXIS DITINJAU DARI BAURAN PEMASARAN KASUS DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Mayliza Riri
Published: March 2019

Perilaku konsumen tidak hanya pada keputusan pembelian akan tetapi diikuti pula oleh tahap perilaku purnabeli (post purchase behavior). Pada tahap ini konsumen akan merasakan tingkat kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan tertentu yang akan mempengaruhi perilaku berikutnya. Kepuasan konsumen akan tercipta, jika produsen kartu seluler AXIS mampu memenuhi harapan yang dimiliki oleh para konsumennya. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan produsen AXIS dalam upaya menciptakan kepuasan bagi para konsumennya adalah menggunakan bauran pemasaran yang mencakup produk, harga, promosi dan saluran distribusi dalam strategi pemasaran produknya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh produk, harga, promosi dan saluran distribusi terhadap kepuasan konsumen dalam hal keputusan pembelian ulang AXIS secara simultan dan parsial. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengkaji dari variabel-variabel tersebut yang memiliki pengaruh dominan terhadap kepuasan konsumen AXIS. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kausatif, dengan populasi penelitian konsumen pembeli kartu seluler AXIS. Berdasarkan perhitungan dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin diperoleh sampel penelitian 100 responden. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas digunakan untuk mengukur setiap item variabel penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan variabel penelitian dan teknik analisis regresi berganda, dengan F-test dan t-test untuk menguji pengaruh variabel-variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi diperoleh bahwa : 1) Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa variabel produk berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian ulang AXIS di Kota Padang. Pengaruh ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai t-hitung lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel. 2) Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa variabel harga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian ulang AXIS di Kota Padang. Pengaruh ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai t-hitung lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel. 3) Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa variabel promosi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian ulang AXIS di Kota Padang. Pengaruh ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai t-hitung lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel. 4) Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa variabel distribusi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian ulang AXIS di Kota Padang. Pengaruh ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai t-hitung lebih besar dari nilai t-tabel.
Energy and Emission Analysis of Residential Sector: A Case Study for Reshunga Municipality in Nepal
Authors: Panthi Biswambhar , Bhattarai Nawraj
Published: March 2019

This paper presents energy consumption in a municipality within hilly region and also analyzes GHG emission under different scenario. For the purpose of study Reshunga municipality was taken, situated in Gulmi district of Nepal occupying an area of 82.74 sq.km. For collection of data, 368 houses were surveyed and the locals were interviewed on their annual consumption. The total energy consumption was 214.8 TJ where 78.25% was supplied by wood. LPG shared 16.14% of demand. Cooking (58%) and water boiling (26%) were the most demanding task. Most of the houses were equipped with ICS, with share 55% of energy demand in cooking. Four different scenario were studied viz. BAU, DSM, BSP and SDG. In, BAU scenario, the energy consumption will reach 245.3 TJ. In DSM scenario and BSP scenario the final energy demand will reduce to 230.7 TJ and 216.2 TJ. In SDG scenario, energy demand is reduced by 23.14%. The share of LPG increases to 22.36 % and electricity demand becomes more than doubles from reaching 10.64% in SDG. From year 2017-2030, there will be total accumulative increase of electricity requirement by 47.4 TJ, whereas total cumulative decrease of 433.5 TJ equivalents can be resulted in consumption of wood in SDG scenario. Cost-Benefit analysis study revealed that DSM will require an investment of 43.03K US$ for demand technologies and will reduce emission by 8.69 tCO2e. DSM will be cheapest in terms of cost per GHG reduction. SDG will cost 645.46K US$ and results in reduction of GHG by 47.79K tCO2e.
Bearing Capacity Analysis and Zoning of Kathmandu for Shallow Foundations
Authors: Danai Ram Krishna , Acharya Indra Prasad
Published: March 2019

The bearing capacity of foundation is the primary concern in the field of geotechnical engineering. In this study numerical models are developed for each of the secondary borehole data collected around Kathmandu valley. Finite element analysis (i.e. PLAXIS 2D) is carried out using Mohr-coulomb failure criteria to represent two dimensional soil models. Foundation is aimed to model as square footing and prescribed settlement of 10% of footing width is provided to obtain corresponding bearing capacity. In plaxis, effective stress is considered as an ultimate bearing capacity. Drained behavior with axisymmetical models have been considered for soil model in plaxis software. Various soil parameters like C (Cohesion), γ (unit weight), Φ (Frictional angle), ν (Poison ratio), E (Elasticity) for each 1.5m and 3m depths have been considered in models and in theoretical approaches.
Malware Detection and Classification Using Latent Semantic Indexing
Authors: Parajuli Srijana , Shakya Subarna
Published: March 2019

The increasing popularity of smart phones has led to the dramatic growth in mobile malware especially in Android platform.  Many aspects of android permission has been studied for malware detection but sufficient attention has not been given to intent.  This  research  work  proposes  using  Latent  Semantic  Indexing  for  malware  detection  and  classification  with  permissions and intents based features. This method analyses the Manifest file of an android application by understanding the risk level of permission and intents and assigning weight score based on their sensitivity. In an experiment conducted using a dataset containing 400 malware samples and 400 normal/benign samples, the results show accuracy of 83.5% using Android Intent against 79.1 % using Android permission. Additionally, experiment on combination of both features results in accuracy of 89.7%. It can be concluded from this research work that dataset with intent based features is able to detect malwares more when compared to permissions based features.
Les expertises dans l’affaire Lafarge ou la fabrique du doute
Authors: Sueur Nicolas
Published: March 2019

L’article s’intéresse au rôle de l’expertise dans le procès de Marie Lafarge, laquelle est accusée d’avoir empoisonné et tué son mari, Charles Pouch-Lafarge, le 14 janvier 1840. Les historiens qui ont travaillé sur l’évolution de la justice en France ont beaucoup insisté sur le fait que les preuves testimoniales sont restées dominantes dans la pratique française du droit pénal tout au long du 19esiècle, minimisant ainsi la part prise par les experts et les expertises. Nous réexaminons, à travers le procès Lafarge, le statut et la place accordée à l’expertise dans la première moitié du 19esiècle. Cette affaire est intéressante en ce que, loin de produire des certitudes, les expertises produisent surtout du doute et ouvrent de nouvelles interrogations. Cette question du doute a été peu abordée dans la littérature sur l’expertise ou alors elle surgit dans le cadre de l’agnotologie, laquelle s’intéresse surtout à la fabrique de l’ignorance. Or, malgré les contradictions qui surgissent entre les différents experts, Marie Lafarge est finalement condamnée. Il s’agit, à travers l’étude des controverses médico-légales, de suivre le cheminement du doute, la manière dont il surgit et surtout la façon dont les différents acteurs se positionnent face à lui.
University of Alberta Hospital Acute and Convalescent Polio Care and the Reintegration of Polio Patients into Albertan Communities, 1953–80
Authors: Huynh Geraldine
Published: March 2019

Following Canada’s largest polio epidemic in 1953, Station 67 at the University of Alberta Hospital (UAH) in Edmonton became home to patients who contracted the virus. As young as nine years old, some of these patients lived at the UAH for more than three decades. Akin to wartime services, the epidemic banded together families, patients, doctors, nurses, community members, and later respiratory, physical, and occupational therapists. The nature of the disease, the government response, and the social and economic climate dramatically affected the lived experiences of patients in Alberta’s fight against polio. Drawing on archival research and oral interviews, this article argues that it was the agency and resilience of patients, the contributions of healthcare providers to rapid developments in acute and convalescent care, and the dedication of families that were primarily responsible for the recovery and reintegration of polio patients back into the community.
A educação para as mídias : contribuições, práticas e perspectivas de pesquisa em Ciências da Comunicação
Authors: Landry Normand , Basque Joelle
Published: March 2019

Este artigo posiciona a educação para as mídias ao mesmo tempo como campo e objeto de estudo privilegiado como aplicação de perspectivas críticas em comunicação e em educação. A este respeito, sintetiza e problematiza o campo teórico da educação para as mídias e identifica suas especificidades, seus propósitos e suas dificuldades. Ademais, apresenta de maneira crítica o conceito de “letramento midiático”, principal proposta teórica da educação para as mídias. Por fim, este artigo aponta as problemáticas associadas a esses elementos específicos, discute o que está em jogo atualmente na educação para as mídias e apresenta caminhos para a pesquisa ao longo dos próximos anos. Destarte, situa a educação para as mídias nos estudos em comunicação e demonstra suas contribuições para a disciplina.
Implementasi Manajemen Pembelajaran Karakter Berbasis Total Quality Management Di SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta
Authors: Pratama Yoga Anjas
Published: March 2019

Character learning based on Total Quality Management is the process, transfer, habituation, and formation of character values by educators to students, which are carried out based on the total quality management concept, namely: quality, customer satisfaction, continuous improvement, and overall in all organizational components. This research is qualitative descriptive field research which is background by the high level of juvenile delinquency or moral deviation as a result of the lack of cultivation of character values in students. Therefore, in this study, the author took the location of research at Muhammadiyah 3 Middle School in Yogyakarta, who apply total quality management based character learning. From the research carried out found things, as follows: (1) Muhammadiyah 3 Middle School Yogyakarta has instilled and applied character values (religious, nationalist, independent, and mutual cooperation) through school activities (2) Muhammadiyah 3 Middle School Yogyakarta has implemented the concept of Total Quality Management in character learning (3) Muhammadiyah Middle School 3 Yogyakarta has implemented the 2013 curriculum in the character learning process based on Total Quality Management, which is adjusted to the learning steps, although basically there are still many who need continuous improvement efforts.
A History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Zahid , Shah S. Zubair
Published: March 2019

Pakistan has been following the prison system of the British Empire. The Pakistani prison system has gone through many changes. Efforts have been made to bring the prison system in Pakistan in conformity with the modern prison system. The restoration of democracy in Pakistan has paved the way for further reforms in the prison system. Many suggestions have been forwarded to the authorities and have been requested for the modification of the inside condition of Pakistani jails. The data for this paper have been collected from Human Rights Organization/ Council of Pakistan, Islamic Ideological Council and jail training institute Lahore. The research under focus is an attempt to explore prison reforms in Pakistan in historical perspective and put forward suggestions to in tune the prison system in Pakistan with International standard.
ЗАВЕРШАЛЬНИЙ ЕТАП РОБОТИ СЦЕНАРНО-РЕЖИСЕРСЬКОГО ТАНДЕМУ Ю. СОЛНЦЕВОЇ - М ВІНЯРСЬКОГО НАД ФІЛЬМОМ «ВІСУНСЬКА РЕСПУБЛІКА»
Authors: Безручко Олександр Вікторович
Published: March 2019

Мета статті. Реконструювати завершальний етап функціонування сценарно-режисерського тандему Юлії Іполитівни Солнцевої – Михайла Борисовича Вінярського над фільмом «Вісунська республіка» на Київській кінофабриці (кіностудії художніх фільмів). Методологія дослідження полягає в застосуванні методів наукової реконструкції, об'єктивності й історизму. Зазначені методологічні підходи дозволяють відтворити картину культурного процесу на базі архівних даних та виявити історичні та мистецтвознавчі передумови появи та проблематики роботи сценарно-режисерського тандему Юлії Іполитівни Солнцевої - Михайла Борисовича Вінярського над фільмом «Вісунська республіка» на Київській кінофабриці (кіностудії художніх фільмів). Висновки. Підсумовуючи вищевикладене, можна зазначити, що поставлені наукові завдання виконані: досліджено специфіку роботи типового для кінематографа у другій половині 30-х pp. XX ст. феномену парних режисерів, або режисерського тандему, реконструйовано маловідомі сторінки роботи сценарно-режисерського тандему Ю. Солнцева - М. Вінярський над стрічкою «Вісунська республіка»; названі основні причини припинення роботи над цим кінопроектом; вказано на наступний повнометражний художній фільм, над яким почали спільно працювати Ю. Солнцева та М. Вінярський. Тим не менш, перспективи наукових розвідок залишаються великими, оскільки ще недостатньо досліджено початковий етап функціонування сценарно-режисерського тандему Юлії Іполитівни Солнцевої - Михайла Борисовича Вінярського над фільмом «Вісунська республіка». Значення цього дослідження для мистецтвознавства полягає у віднайденні та введенні в науковий обіг здобутий автором новий цінний фактаж з історії українського й радянського кінематографа у 30-х pp. XX ст. На основі маловідомих архівних документів та матеріалів тогочасної кінематографічної преси реконструйовано завершальний етап функціонування сценарно-режисерського тандему Юлії Іполитівни Солнцевої – Михайла Борисовича Вінярського на Київській кінофабриці (кіностудії художніх фільмів).
ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТИ ТА ПОШУКИ КІНОМОВИ ІВАНОМ КАВАЛЕРІДЗЕ У СВОЄМУ ПЕРШОМУ ЗВУКОВОМУ ФІЛЬМІ «КОЛІЇВЩИНА» (1933)
Authors: Образ Василь Федорович
Published: March 2019

Мета дослідження. Розкрити творчий внесок Івана Кавалерідзе у розвиток мистецтва екранної режисури. Проаналізувати експерименти й пошуки кіномови Іваном Кавалерідзе для створення цілісного екранного твору. Методологію дослідження складають: історико-хронологічний аналіз історичних та мистецьких процесів; порівняльно-теоретичний аналіз мистецтвознавчих та історичних джерел; біографічний аналіз; емпірично-аналітичний аналіз доробку майстра, що дає змогу комплексно розглянути творчий метод І. П. Кавалерідзе у контексті віянь і пошуків мистецтва його часу і вплив на художню культуру. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у розгляді витоків і становлення режисерської майстерності Івана Кавалерідзе в контексті розвитку українського кіномистецтва. Висновки. Доведено, що доробок митця все ще залишається маловивченою сторінкою історії вітчизняної культури і потребує сьогодні глибокого переосмислення без застарілих ідеологічних визначень і принципів інтерпретацій. Квінтесенцією експериментів і пошуків кіномови Іваном Кавалерідзе стала школа українського історичного та музичного фільму.
СЦЕНІЧНІ ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЇ ДРАМИ ВОЛОДИМИРА ВИННИЧЕНКА «ГРІХ» У ХХ ст.
Authors: Сорока Марина Василівна
Published: March 2019

Мета дослідження розглянути особливості сценічного втілення драми В. Винниченка «Гріх» у виставах різних періодів ХХ ст. «Молодого театру» (1919 р.) та Кіровоградського музично-драматичного театру ім. М. Л. Кропивницького (1992 р.). Методологію дослідження складають: біографічний метод (для осмислення впливу життєвих фактів автора драми на його творчість); джерелознавчий (для з’ясування специфіки театральних інтерпретацій «Гріха»); історико-порівняльний (для визначення спільних і відмінних ознак постановок); культурологічний підхід (з метою проведення аналізу із залученням різних контекстів – мистецького, літературного, філософського, соціологічного й ін.). Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у виявленні й уведенні до наукового обігу маловідомих фактів та архівних джерел, пов’язаних з виставами за п’єсою В. Винниченка «Гріх», що розширює уявлення про розвиток українського театрального мистецтва у ХХ ст. Висновки. Режисери Г. Юра та М. Горохов, актори, інші театральні діячі орієнтувалися на глибинний сенс драми В. Винниченка, історико-культурні умови й мистецькі тенденції своїх епох, що у співпраці з індивідуальними художніми рішеннями свідчить про зростаючу увагу українського театру до проблем основ і сутності життя, людської гідності і свободи вибору, оновлення його сценічних форм. Майбутню перспективу дослідження драматургії В. Винниченка визначають експеримент і динаміка концептуально-художніх пошуків театральних діячів України ХХ–ХХІ ст.
ПЛАСТИЧНИЙ ДЕКОР ФАРФОРУ-ФАЯНСУ УКРАЇНИ КІНЦЯ ХVІІІ– ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТОЛІТЬ
Authors: Школьна Ольга Володимирівна
Published: March 2019

Стаття присвячується особливостям розвитку пластичного декору українського фарфору та фаянсу кін. ХVІІІ – поч. ХХІ ст. Розглянуто скульптурні елементи посуду різних європейських та азіатських країн, що стали підґрунтям для появи вітчизняних аналогів. Розкрито специфіку застосування пластичного декору в українській тонкій кераміці від кінця ХVІІІ ст. і дотепер.Мета – проаналізувати зразки пластичного декору фарфору-фаянсу України кін. ХVІІІ – поч. ХХІ ст., прослідкувати специфіку застосування певних мотивів. Методологію дослідження становлять історико-культурний метод (для виявлення похідних українського скульптурного декору у вітчизняній тонкій кераміці); історико-порівняльний метод (для наведення паралелей з історією світового мистецтва); метод теоретичного узагальнення (для інтерпретації наявності окремих різновидів пластичного декору в українському фарфорі-фаянсі); метод мистецтвознавчого аналізу (для виявлення художніх особливостей творів вітчизняного «білого золота»). Наукова новизна роботи полягає у систематизації інформації щодо застосування скульптурного декору в українській тонкій кераміці від доби класицизму і дотепер. Висновки. На основі здійсненого дослідження вдалося встановити, що пластичний декор застосовувався в фарфорі-фаянсі України від ХVІІІ до поч. ХХІ ст. Він був представлений здебільшого мотивами баранячих, цапиних морд, людських облич у вигляді маскаронів, лебединими та зміїними шиями із головами, сувоями (переважно вирішення ручок посуду та ваз), лев’ячими одинарними або спареними лапами (насамперед, вирішення ніжок виробів), завершеннями накривок у вигляді пуп’янків квітів, мотивів сливи, ягняти, янгола, шишки пінії, ананаса, султана тощо.
„Context matters!“ – Eine empirische Analyse der strukturellen Herausforderungen vertraglicher Kooperationen zwischen Staat und Privaten in der inneren Sicherheit
Authors: Nitze Christoph , Ansmann Moritz
Published: March 2019

Angesichts neuer komplexer Bedrohungslagen hat sich mit der Lösungsformel der „vernetzten Sicherheit“ die Überzeugung durchgesetzt, dass neben staatlichen auch private Akteure in die Gewährleistung der inneren Sicherheit eingebunden werden müssen. Ausdruck findet dies in der zunehmenden Verbreitung vertraglicher Auslagerungen von Sicherheitsleistungen. Damit einhergehende Probleme werden jedoch häufig ausgeblendet. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende Beitrag empirisch die Frage, vor welchen strukturellen Herausforderungen vertragliche Kooperationen von Sicherheitsbehörden mit privaten Sicherheitsdienstleistern stehen. Mittels qualitativer Fallstudienanalysen werden dabei folgende Kontextspezifika des Aufgabenfeldes „Innere Sicherheit“ explorativ hergeleitet und deren Folgen für die Kooperationspraxis analysiert: (1) Hoher Problemdruck, (2) Funktionale Intransparenz, (3) Geringe Fehlertoleranz, (4) Defizitäre Leistungserfassung und (5) Komplexe Netzwerkstrukturen. Die Studie liefert Anregungen für weitergehende Analysen über Herausforderungen vertraglicher Kooperationen in der inneren Sicherheit sowie praxisrelevante Erkenntnisse über die Hintergründe systemisch bedingter Problemkonstellationen. Gleichzeitig verdeutlicht sie, wie unerlässlich politikfeldspezifische Kontextualisierungen für das Verständnis öffentlich-privater Kooperationen sind.
Mining Clinical Case Reports to Identify New Lines of Investigation in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Curious Case of DNase I
Authors: Smalheiser Neil R.
Published: March 2019

Mining the case report literature identified an intriguing, yet neglected finding: Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) as a possible treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. This finding is speculative, both because it is based on one patient, and because the underlying mechanism(s) of action remain obscure. However, further literature review revealed that there are several plausible mechanisms by which DNase I might affect the course of Alzheimer’s disease. Given that DNase I is an FDA-approved drug, with extensive studies in both animals and man in the context of other diseases, I suggest that investigation of DNAse I in Alzheimer’s disease is worthwhile.
40 Years without Smallpox
Authors: Shchelkunova G. A. , Shchelkunov S. N.
Published: March 2019

The last case of natural smallpox was recorded in October, 1977. It took humanity almost 20 years to achieve that feat after the World Health Organization had approved the global smallpox eradication program. Vaccination against smallpox was abolished, and, during the past 40 years, the human population has managed to lose immunity not only to smallpox, but to other zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections as well. As a result, multiple outbreaks of orthopoxvirus infections in humans in several continents have been reported over the past decades. The threat of smallpox reemergence as a result of evolutionary transformations of these zoonotic orthopoxviruses exists. Modern techniques for the diagnostics, prevention, and therapy of smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections are being developed today.
Pembuatan Model Kendali Mutu Data Sedimen
Authors: Yuningsih Sri Mulat , Ferdiansyah Asep , Fauzi Muhammad
Published: March 2019

Special treatment for watershed management was needed due to severe of watershed condition in most regions in Indonesia. The treatment should be directed to comprehensive changes of management paradigm for all aspects in it. Those were indicated by the increasing of disasters around the watershed, such as floods, droughts, landslides, erosion and increased of sediment transported by the river basin. The increasing of sedimentation which occurs in the river flow will disrupt the performance of existing hydraulic structure in the river. The event could be monitored by hydrological data, especially with the continuously and accurately of discharge and sediment data. In order to solve the problem, sediment data quality control model was needed. The purpose of this research is to determined suspended sediment data quality control model, in order to have continuous and quality guaranteed of sediment transport data. The scopes of this sediment data quality control were making criteria and sub, determining rank priority between criteria and sub, arranging scoring form, trial and error, finalization. The model consists of three main stages, there are measurement of discharge and taking sediment sample (QC1), drawing of sediment rating curve (QC2), and conversion of discharge data to sediment transport (QC3).
Kegagalan Diplomasi Koersif Arab Saudi terhadap Qatar
Authors: Febriandi Febriandi
Published: March 2019

Saudi Arabia along with Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt suddenly cut off their diplomatic relations with Qatar. Allegations of Qatar's active participation in supporting terrorism have led to this decision. Saudi Arabia and allies carried out a blockade of land, sea and air and then submitted 13 conditions to Qatar. Qatar firmly refused to comply with Saudi’s demands. This paper will discuss the factors of failure of coercive diplomacy carried out by Saudi Arabia and allies against Qatar. As for supporting the author's analysis, this paper will use the theory of coercive diplomacy by Alexander L. George.
El papel de la financiación climática en la consecución del Acuerdo de París
Authors: Financiación del Desarrollo (COFIDES) Compañía Española de
Published: March 2019

El Acuerdo de París supone un antes y un después en la manera de afrontar la lucha contra el cambio climático, ya que implica transformar las estrategias de crecimiento económico actuales, dependientes de combustibles fósiles, en estrategias de desarrollo con bajas emisiones y resiliente al clima. Para conseguir este cambio de paradigma es clave contar con una arquitectura financiera climática ágil y flexible. En ella, el papel del sector público es esencial no sólo como financiador, sino también como movilizador de la iniciativa privada y garante de unas políticas y regulaciones que permitan realizar una transición adecuada. El grado de involucración del sector privado en la consecución de los objetivos climáticos será determinante a la hora de conseguir su cumplimiento.
Social tourism and its contribution to sustainable tourism
Authors: MacCabe Scott
Published: March 2019

El turismo social ha obtenido amplio reconocimiento por los beneficios que aporta a los ciudadanos que, de otro modo, no podrían participar en el turismo. El turismo social también ofrece beneficios a la industria del turismo, a los destinos y proporciona un retorno positivo de la inversión para los gobiernos. Sin embargo, mientras que los legisladores ensalzan las virtudes del turismo social, los programas han luchado por subsistir bajo la presión sobre las finanzas públicas causada por la crisis financiera global. Este documento revisa las contribuciones del turismo social al turismo sostenible, evalúa críticamente su potencial para impulsar el turismo sostenible en el futuro y hace recomendaciones para los responsables políticos europeos.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI IMPLANT PADA IBU PASANGAN USIA SUBUR (PUS) D PUSKESMAS AEK NAULI KEC.SIANTAR SELATAN KOTA PEMATANG SIANTAR TAHUN 2017.
Authors: Syafitri Rahmadhani
Published: March 2019

Tingkat kematian, terutama kematian bayi dan anak, erat kaitannya dengan masalah kualitas penduduk. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas penduduk usaha yang dapat menaikkan tingkat kesehatan, pengetahuan dan sikap serta prilaku masyarakat untuk hidup sehat terus ditingkatkan. Upaya langsung untuk menurunkan kelahiran dilaksanakan melalui program keluarga berencana, yaitu dengan mengajak pasangan usia subur (PUS) agar memakai kontrasepsi. Sedangkan jenis alat kontrasepsi yang dipakai ditingkatkan kepada yang lebih efektif, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi implant pada ibu pasangan usia subur (PUS) di Puskesmas Aek Nauli Kec.Siantar Selatan Kota Pematang Siantar Tahun 2017.Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik yang bersifat cross sectional dengan pengolahan data menggunakan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat, sampel sebanyak 30 orang.Hasil penelitian diperoleh faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi implant pada ibu pasangan usia subur (PUS) di Puskesmas Aek Nauli Kec.Siantar Selatan Kota Pematang Siantar yaitu ditinjau dari pendidikan dasar 6 orang (20.0%), Menengah 11 (36.7%), tinggi 13 (43.3%), Faktor pengetahuan baik 3 orang (10.0%), cukup 1 orang (36.7%), kurang 16 orang (53.3%), dari faktor dukungan suami yang mendukung 9 orang (30.0%), tidak mendukung 21 orang (70.0%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan, pengetahuan, dan dukungan suami dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi implant, bagi ibu pasangan usia subur (PUS)
Instytucja prezydenta w systemie politycznym Federacji Rosyjskiej
Authors: Ross Wiktor
Published: March 2019

This article presents the course that passed the political system of USSR going from the old soviet structure to the modern form of the state. Total economic and political crisis forced the last General Secretary of the Communist Party Mikhail Gorbatchev to seek the new political institutions and were helpful in the process of maintaining socialist character of the state and social relations and, simultaneously, to carry out the changes of the political system which became necessary. These efforts were a failure because of strong resistance, on the one hand, communist nomenklatura and the other hand, the new democratic movement in the Russian Federation conducted by Boris Yeltsin and independent movements in Soviet Republics. After the trial to stop the process of reforming of the state undertaken by communist leaders of USSR during coupé d'etat in August 1991 the initiative passed to the democratic forces in Russia. The fall of the USSR and foundation of the CIS as the platform of the reintegration of Post-Soviet area started the new stage of the political conflict in the Russian Federation. The objective needs occurred in the process of reforming of the economic structures, growing of the protest attitudes, necessity to relief the mood of the local authorities in order to attain their support for the course of modernization, pushed President Yeltsin to concentrate enormous power. The old Soviet Constitution was more comfortable for such political conditions than modern solutions based on the power's division in three branches - Parliament, Government and independent jurisdiction. Contradictions of the Post-Soviet period brought to the deep conflict between President Yeltsin and Supreme Soviet in October 1993. The defeat of the conservative forces in this confrontation meant the end of Soviet system in Russia, however political system that was created on such ground had authoritarian features, which was used all Yeltsin's presidential decade bringing, as a result, the system very far to the principles of the democracy.
Sztab planowania polityki departamentu stanu
Authors: Rak Wiktor
Published: March 2019

This paper demonstrates the most formidable challenges that the Policy Planning Staff in the Department of State has been facing since it was created in 1947 by G. Marshall and G. Kennan. In the first place attention is paid to the history of this institution. The following turning points were identified: the creation under G. Kennan and the incumbency of H. Kissinger as a Secretary of State. Then there are debated a few most important issues which the Policy Planning Staff deals with. It comprises difficulties in exerting influence, impossibility of merging the focus on strategic thinking with operational disposability. Finally, in the article there are presented some ideas of Z. Brzezinski who sought to enhance the Staff's performance. The intention of this article is to shed light on the obstacles that the policy planners have to tackle in order to effectively impact the American foreign policy. This issue has not been exhaustively discussed yet in the Polish scientific literature.
Planowanie i ocena projektów inwestycyjnych jednostek samorządu terytorialnego z wykorzystaniem metod budżetowania zadaniowego
Authors: Opałka Benedykt
Published: March 2019

Organizational and legal conditions influencing the investment policy of Polish self-government units can be judged as still uncertain. The need for strengthening the rple of long term planning in public finance remains one of the most vital and current problems, which is especially important in accotdance to the investment projects in the public sector. The research indicatet that effectiveness of the investment projects executed by the self-government units can be significantly improved by using elements of taks budgeting methodology. Task budgeting can be therefore considered as an instrument of management which helps to link strategic planning with the investment project management. Widening the scope of implementation of task budgeting should lead to the improvement of methods of theeconomic evaluation of investment projects as well as annual and ling-term programs. The important factor is that the terms: 'budgetary task' and 'investment project' are highly similar. That similarity can stimulate developing analitical methods which are based on financial and material indicators. Main conclusions of the conducted research are that the most important advantages of implementing the task budgeting methods derive from their role as strong analytic tool helping to manage any types of the unit's resources and concentrating on achieving strategic goals. The conducted analysis also proved that with the use of wide scope of analitical tools, the task budgeting methodology strongly stimulates expansion of implementing quantitative indicators in evaluation of the public investment projects.
Różnice i modyfikacje sposobu elekcji prezydenta w wybranych państwach Europy Środkowej, Wschodniej i Południowej
Authors: Pytlik Bogusław
Published: March 2019

The institution of president as a head of state has been a permanent feature in the countries of Central, Eastern and Southern Europe for more than twenty years. This fact does not mean that the institution of a head of state has become static and non-evolving. On the contrary, it has changed substantially. These changes are particularly visible in countries that have gone through system change. During the restitution of presidency the expectation of the society and the political class towards the head of state varied and were accompanied by serious political and law problems. One of most important of them was the method of presidential election. Most of the states analyzed have decided to introduce direct presidential elections to stress the democratic nature of that institution. That decision was coherent with the expectations of the societies. The other method of presidential elections, that is indirect elections, was introduced in the Czech Republic and Hungary, and from the beginning it has been considered satisfying, particularly by the politicians. What is more important, particularly in all the analyzed countries of Central, Eastern and Southern Europe which introduced indirect presidential elections, that method is still evolving. The aim of that evolution is enhancement of the method, and enhancement accompanies the process of evolution and modernization of the institution of head of state.
Struktury terytorialne państwa – w poszukiwaniu optymalnych rozwiązań
Authors: Sakowicz Marcin
Published: March 2019

The article presents changes in the territorial structure, especially in the local governments, that have taken place in selected countries of European Union in the last 20 years. Changes on the local level and adjustments on the regional level as experienced by unitary states (Scandinavian and Baltic states), federal states (Belgium), states with regional autonomy (Spain) and states that underwent devolution (United Kingdom) are presented. The territorial organization of European Union member states reflects differences in governing and managing structures adjusted to the characteristics of each state. The undertaken reforms relate on the one hand to political, economic and civilizational conditions, and on the other hand to brand new approach to fulfillment of the tasks of public administration (both governmental and self governmental) that would be the most effective, efficient and satisfying the needs of citizens. In many countries, particularly Scandinavian, reforms have been implemented aiming at decreasing of the number of communes.
Zagadnienie mocarstwowości Francji w dobie V Republiki (do 2007 roku)
Authors: Pachocka Marta
Published: March 2019

During World War II and the postwar years, France’s international position has been weakened. The seizure of power by Charles de Gaulle in 1958 contributed to a stabilization of the political situation in the country and to a redefinition of French foreign policy. The article analyzes the international position of France from the end of World War II until 2007, when Nicolas Sarkozy won the presidential election. Thus, the article covers the period of the existence of two French republics: the Fourth Republic in the years 1946–1958 and the Fifth Republic, which remains Hexagone’s contemporary political system since 1958. The article consists of three parts. In the first part the external and internal conditions of the birth of the Fifth Republic are presented, with particular emphasis on the role of its creator – Ch. de Gaulle. The second part discusses the importance of France in Europe aft er 1945, emphasizing its contribution to the process of European integration and to the development of relations with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the USSR/Russian Federation and the Mediterranean countries. Then, the third part of my article stresses the position of France in the system of international relations after World War II, analyzing it on the example of Franco-American and Franco-NATO relations, the French policy towards the Arab and African countries, and finally, on the example of the Republic’s multilateral diplomacy. I conclude that in the examined period 1945–2007 France is an example of the former global superpower, which builds and strengthens its international position as a regional power with global interests.
Innowacyjność gospodarki w wymiarze współczesnym i w ujęciu historycznym
Authors: Drabińska Danuta
Published: March 2019

The paper presents theoretical and practical aspects of knowledge and high technology-based economy. Those aspects relate to economy of innovation, theory of technological gaps, dilemmas of macroeconomic policy based on convergence and absorption processes as well as empirical analysis of those problems. Innovation potential of Poland in international context, the problems of absorption and financial and technological gaps are discussed, quoting the data from the 2010 report on innovativeness of Polish economy. Barriers to innovation for Polish enterprises and the importance of Warsaw in creating the knowledge sector of Polish economy in the context of other Central and Eastern European capitals are also analyzed.
Ewolucja modeli lobbingu – wpływ gospodarki opartej na informacjach i wiedzy
Authors: Molęda-Zdziech Małgorzata
Published: March 2019

The text analyzes institutionalization of lobbying and its ties with democracy, and compares models of lobbying (pluralistic – model typical for the USA, UK, neo-corporativistic – model typical for Western Europe and Poland and the EU model). Then, lobbying is showed in the context of changes caused by the development of knowledge and information-based economy, particularly wikinomy – economy based on cooperation. The development of new technologies and the rules of global cooperation, which are the key elements of this economy, influence the creation of new lobbying strategies. This is the cause of evolution of contemporary models of lobbying in the direction of grassroots lobbying which can take different forms: from mass protests to network and internet actions. This is now called cyberlobbying and can be applied to different forms of lobbying: political, economic and social.
Od funkcjonalnego mieszkania ku zrównoważonej przestrzeni zamieszkiwania – rola infrastruktury osadniczej
Authors: Cesarski Maciej
Published: March 2019

This study is focused on the importance of housing and other settlement infrastructure for the sustainable development of the inhabited areas and the whole living space on the Earth’s surface. Development of the settlement infrastructure, based in technical and constructional terms on flat, may serve well the sustainable development of these spaces. Application of the method signaled in this study for the transformation of economic activities in order to approximate them, through the concept of settlement infrastructure, to the chief social values of sustainable development of living space, including inhabited space, requires a real shift in the paradigm of economic growth to the paradigm of sustainable development
Filozoficzno-historyczne zaplecze etyki biznesu
Authors: Więckowski Paweł
Published: March 2019

The text describes different philosophical concepts and historically important cultural phenomena that should be considered while rethinking ethical side of business. Broad range of both philosophical (such as the search for the foundations of morality, social contract) and social subjects (such as history of centralized state, individualism) is presented to help the reflections. The background for analysis is the history of culture, especially of primary collective society; contrasted with it is individualism of classical Athens with corresponding reaction of philosophers; development of state and Christianity in Roman Empire; organismic medieval state; Renaissance, reformation and the birth of capitalism; the Enlightenment breakthrough and English capitalism; liberalism and Darwinism of the 19th century; the catastrophe of European culture and success of America of the 20th century.
Kobiety w przestrzeni publicznej
Authors: Gładys-Jakóbik Jolanta
Published: March 2019

Recent years have brought far reaching changes in the Polish public sphere and woman have played their part in it. It is therefore important to ask about their motivation for participation in public affairs, describe their preferred strategies and think about future, that is ask the question about durability of the chosen models. Public sphere today is growing more and more diverse which makes the task of defining it more difficult than ever. We are still looking for answers to questions such as what is the public sphere? What categories can be used to mark boundaries of public sphere? Who and what influences public sphere? What are the subjects operating in public sphere and what are the limits of their power? J. Habermas, J.S. Mill, J. Rowls, A. Giddens and H. Arendt have tried to answer all those questions and many more. Their thoughts were my inspiration.
O aktywności społeczno-ekonomicznej kobiet w czasopiśmie „Twój Styl”
Authors: Kozłowska Anna
Published: March 2019

The text is about the issue theme of socio-economic activity of women in the text analyzes the issue theme of socio-economic activity of women in the Polish magazine “Twój Styl”. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the image of modern woman is a bit fuzzy. Typical woman is torn between the private and public sphere and forced (through social practices and effective gender stereotypes) into an attempt at the collision-free fulfillment of the social roles. The prevailing stereotype that woman are limited to the private sphere is the one of the causes of female disadvantage on the labor market. At the same time that stereotype creates an impression that woman in the public sphere is a rarity and if she’s ever managed to enter it, it was only possible thanks to the support of her male partner or by limiting her personal life.