bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and predictors of colon and prostate cancer screening among volunteer firefighters: The United States Firefighter Cancer Assessment and Prevention Study
Authors: Shah Nimit N. , Steinberg Michael B. , Calkins Miriam M. , Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. , Burgess Jefferey L. , Austin Elena , Hollerbach Brittany S. , Edwards Derrick L. , Black Taylor M. , Black Kathleen , Hinton Kaleigh M. , Kubiel Brian S. , Graber Judith M.
Published: March 2024

Background

Although firefighters have increased risk for colon and prostate cancer, limited information exists on screening practices for these cancers in volunteer firefighters who compose two‐thirds of the US fire service. We estimated the prevalence of colon and prostate cancer screening among volunteer firefighters using eligibility criteria from 4 evidence‐based screening recommendations and evaluated factors influencing screening.

Methods

We evaluated colon (n = 569) and prostate (n = 498) cancer screening prevalence in a sample of US volunteer firefighters using eligibility criteria from the US Preventive Services Taskforce (USPSTF), National Fire Protection Association, American Cancer Society, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network. We assessed associations with fire service experience, demographics, and cancer risk perception based on USPSTF guidelines.

Results

For those eligible based on USPSTF guidelines, colon and prostate cancer screening prevalence was 51.7% (95% CI: 45.7, 57.8) and 48.8% (95% CI: 40.0, 57.6), respectively. Higher odds of colon and prostate cancer screening were observed with older age and with some college education compared to those with less education. Fire service experience and cancer risk perception were not associated with screening practices.

Conclusion

This is the first large study to assess colon and prostate cancer screening among US volunteer firefighters based on different screening guidelines. Our findings suggest gaps in cancer prevention efforts in the US volunteer fire service. Promoting cancer screening education and opportunities for volunteer firefighters by their fire departments, healthcare professionals, and public health practitioners, may help to address the gaps.
Anxiety in Turner syndrome: Engaging community to address barriers and facilitators to diagnosis and care
Authors: Carl Alexandra , Good Marybel , Haag Erica , Hutaff‐Lee Christa , Swain Deanna , Tartaglia Nicole , Sakamoto Casey , Davis Shanlee , Thompson Talia
Published: March 2024

Turner syndrome (TS), caused by complete or partial loss of the second sex chromosome, is associated with complex medical manifestations. The TS community identifies anxiety as a major contributor to reduced quality of life. The study aimed to improve understanding of anxiety symptomatology, diagnosis, and care in individuals with TS. A mixed methods design integrated community engagement, including community leaders as co‐investigators and a community advisory board, an online survey (N = 135), and in‐depth interviews (N = 10). The majority of respondents reported that anxiety symptoms occur two or more days per week, with self‐advocates reporting more frequent symptoms than caregivers (p = 0.03). Self‐advocates reported feeling anxious more often at school/work; both rater groups reported anxiety‐related behaviors were most likely to be expressed at home. Insomnia was the most common symptom of anxiety endorsed across age and rater groups (>70%). Anxiety symptoms and triggers changed with age and often were undiagnosed or untreated during childhood. Therapy and medication were reported as helpful by most respondents who had tried these strategies. Qualitative themes included: ‘Triggers for anxiety are related to TS’, ‘Anxiety impacts the whole family’, and ‘Opportunities for early identification and intervention’.
Where the small things are: Modelling edge effects on mouse lemur population density and distribution in northwestern Madagascar
Authors: Malabet Fernando Mercado , Ramsay Malcolm , Chell Coral , Andriatsitohaina Bertrand , Radespiel Ute , Lehman Shawn
Published: March 2024

Edge effects result from the penetration to varying depths and intensities, of abiotic and biotic conditions from the surrounding non‐forest matrix into the forest interior. Although 70% of the world's forests are within 1 km of a forest edge, making edge effects a dominant feature of most forest habitats, there are few empirical data on inter‐site differences in edge responses in primates. We used spatially explicit capture‐recapture (SECR) models to determine spatial patterns of density for two species of mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus and Microcebus ravelobensis) in two forest landscapes in northwestern Madagascar. The goal of our study was to determine if mouse lemurs displayed spatially variable responses to edge effects. We trapped animals using Sherman live traps in the Mariarano Classified Forest (MCF) and in the Ambanjabe Forest Fragment Site (AFFS) site within Ankarafantsika National Park. We trapped 126 M. murinus and 79 M. ravelobensis at MCF and 78 M. murinus and 308 M. ravelobensis at AFFS. For M. murinus, our top model predicted a positive edge response, where density increased towards edge habitats. In M. ravelobensis, our top model predicted a negative edge response, where density was lower near the forest edges and increased towards the forest interior. At regional and landscape‐specific scales, SECR models estimated different density patterns between M. murinus and M. ravelobensis as a result of variation in edge distance. The spatial variability of our results using SECR models indicate the importance of studying the population ecology of primates at varying scales that are appropriate to the processes of interest. Our results lend further support to the theory that some lemurs exhibit a form of ecological flexibility in their responses to forest loss, forest fragmentation, and associated edge effects.
Lewis‐Säure‐dekorierte Hexacyanodiboran(6)‐Dianionen
Authors: Zapf Ludwig , Finze Maik
Published: March 2024

Erste Beispiele für Diboran(6)‐Dianionen dekoriert mit schwach koordinierenden B(C6F5)3‐ (BCF) und SiEt3+‐Gruppen wurden synthetisiert, wodurch das synthetische Potential des [B2(CN)6]2−‐Dianions gezeigt wird. [B2{CNB(C6F5)3}6]2− (1) wurde als Kalium‐ und Tetrabutylammonium‐Salz isoliert. 1 ist eines der wenigen Beispiele für ein schwach koordinierendes Dianion, das für die Stabilisierung des Carbokations [Ph3C]+ und des Oxonium‐Ions [H(OEt2)2]+ verwendet wurde. Die Reaktion von [Ph3C]21 mit HSiEt3 gab durch selektiven Austausch zweier BCF‐ durch SiEt3+‐Gruppen das silylierte neutrale Diboran(6) [B2{CNB(C6F5)3}4(CNSiEt3)2] (2), was die Stabilität und chemische Vielseitigkeit des [B2(CN)6]2−‐Dianions hervorhebt. Die chemischen und physikochemischen Eigenschaften von 1 und 2 liefern einen Einblick in die elektronischen, koordinativen und sterischen Eigenschaften dieser ungewöhnlichen Diboran(6)‐Verbindungen.
Macroscopic Superlattice Membranes Self‐Assembled from Gold Nanobipyramids with Precisely Tunable Tip Arrangements for SERS
Authors: Ding Weikun , Xia Yan , Song Hengyao , Li Tongtao , Yang Dong , Dong Angang
Published: March 2024

A persistent challenge in utilizing Au nanocrystals for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) lies in achieving controllable superstructures that maximize SERS performance. Here, a novel strategy is proposed to enhance the SERS performance by precisely adjusting the tip arrangements of Au nanobipyramids (BPs) in two‐dimensional (2D) superlattices (SLs). This is achieved through ligand‐exchange of Au BPs, followed by liquid‐air interfacial assembly, resulting in large‐area, transferrable SL membranes. The key to controlling the arrangement of Au BPs in the SLs is the regulation of the amount of free ligands added during self‐assembly, which allows for the precise formation of various configurations such as tilted SLs, tip‐on‐tip SLs, and tip‐to‐tip SLs. Among these configurations, tip‐on‐tip SLs exhibit the highest enhancement factor for SERS, reaching an impressive value of 1.95×108, with uniform and consistent SERS signals across a large area. The experimental findings are further corroborated by simulations using the finite element method. This study establishes an efficient method for engineering the microstructure of 2D SLs composed of Au BPs, highlighting the importance of fine‐tuning the tip arrangements of Au BPs to regulate SERS performance.
Chemical Synthesis of Modified RNA
Authors: Flemmich Laurin , Bereiter Raphael , Micura Ronald
Published: March 2024

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) play a vital role in living organisms. Many of their cellular functions depend critically on chemical modification. Methods to modify RNA in a controlled manner—both in vitro and in vivo—are thus essential to evaluate and understand RNA biology at the molecular and mechanistic levels. The diversity of modifications, combined with the size and uniformity of RNA (made up of only 4 nucleotides) makes its site‐specific modification a challenging task that needs to be addressed by complementary approaches. One such approach is solid‐phase RNA synthesis. We discuss recent developments in this field, starting with new protection concepts in the ongoing effort to overcome current size limitations. We continue with selected modifications that have posed significant challenges for their incorporation into RNA. These include deazapurine bases required for atomic mutagenesis to elucidate mechanistic aspects of catalytic RNAs, and RNA containing xanthosine, N4‐acetylcytidine, 5‐hydroxymethylcytidine, 3‐methylcytidine, 2′‐OCF3, and 2′‐N3 ribose modifications. We also discuss the all‐chemical synthesis of 5′‐capped mRNAs and the enzymatic ligation of chemically synthesized oligoribonucleotides to obtain long RNA with multiple distinct modifications, such as those needed for single‐molecule FRET studies. Finally, we highlight promising developments in RNA‐catalyzed RNA modification using cofactors that transfer bioorthogonal functionalities.
Dimerized Acceptors with Conjugate‐Break Linker Enable Highly Efficient and Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ding Yafei , Memon Waqar Ali , Zhang Di , Zhu Yiwu , Xiong Shilong , Wang Zhi , Liu Junfeng , Li Heng , Lai Hanjian , Shao Ming , He Feng
Published: March 2024

Designing new acceptors is critical for intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (IS‐OSCs) with high efficiency and mechanical robustness. However, nearly all stretchable polymer acceptors exhibit limited efficiency and high‐performance small molecular acceptors are very brittle. In this regard, we select thienylene‐alkane‐thienylene (TAT) as the conjugate‐break linker and synthesize four dimerized acceptors by the regulation of connecting sites and halogen substitutions. It is found that the connecting sites and halogen substitutions considerably impact the overall electronic structures, aggregation behaviors, and charge transport properties. Benefiting from the optimization of the molecular structure, the dimerized acceptor exhibits rational phase separation within the blend films, which significantly facilitates exciton dissociation while effectively suppressing charge recombination processes. Consequently, FDY‐m‐TAT‐based rigid OSCs render the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.07 % among reported acceptors containing conjugate‐break linker. Most importantly, FDY‐m‐TAT‐based IS‐OSCs achieve high PCE (14.29 %) and remarkable stretchability (crack‐onset strain [COS]=18.23 %), significantly surpassing Y6‐based counterpart (PCE=12.80 % and COS=8.50 %). To sum up, these findings demonstrate that dimerized acceptors containing conjugate‐break linkers have immense potential in developing highly efficient and mechanically robust OSCs.
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Networks Stabilized Organic Supramolecular Cathode for Ultra‐High Capacity and Ultra‐Long Cycle Life Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Meng Pengyu , Jiang Min , Zhang Xinlong , Zhang Jiao , Fu Chaopeng
Published: March 2024

Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) are a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage, attributing to the abundant reserves, low cost, intrinsic safety, and high theoretical capacity of Al. However, the cathode materials reported thus far still face challenges such as limited capacity, sluggish kinetics, and undesirable cycle life. Herein, we propose an organic cathode benzo[i] benzo[6,7] quinoxalino [2,3‐a] benzo [6,7] quinoxalino [2,3‐c] phenazine‐5,8,13,16,21,24‐hexaone (BQQPH) for RABs. The six C=O and six C=N redox active sites in each molecule enable BQQPH to deliver a record ultra‐high capacity of 413 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Encouragingly, the intermolecular hydrogen bonding network and π–π stacking interactions endow BQQPH with robust structural stability and minimal solubility, enabling an ultra‐long lifetime of 100,000 cycles. Moreover, the electron‐withdrawing carbonyl group induces a reduction in the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and expands the π‐conjugated system, which considerably enhances both the discharge voltage and redox kinetics of BQQPH. In situ and ex situ characterizations combined with theoretical calculations unveil that the charge storage mechanism is reversible coordination/dissociation of AlCl2+ with the N and O sites in BQQPH accompanied by 12‐electron transfer. This work provides valuable insights into the design of high‐performance organic cathode materials for RABs.
Effect of irradiation on total biophenol and antioxidant activity during storage of natural black table olives obtained using starter culture
Authors: Irmak Şahnur , Öztürk Güngör Ferişte , Susamci Erkan , Sevim Didar , Köseoğlu Oya
Published: March 2024

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of different production and preservation methods on the shelf life and quality of the Gemlik variety of natural black table olives produced with low salt (2%). For this purpose, olives were processed by the traditional Turkish style dry salted black olive by using a starter culture. The MAP (Modified atmosphere packaging, 60% N2 and 40% CO2), vacuum and for the first time gamma irradiation methods (1, 3 and 5 kGy) were applied in the preservation of table olives. The 5 kGy irradiation treatment reduced the total phenolic amount and DPPH antioxidant activity of olives more than other irradiation doses. The pH (4.3–4.83) and titratable acidity (0.68–1.02%) of the samples changed in accordance with the legal regulations during the storage period (pH max. 5 and acidity min 0.3%). At the end of the fermentation and storage, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity decreased significantly (p‐value <0.05). During the storage period, the total phenolic content in natural fermented olives (without starter culture) decreased from 232 to 144 mgCAE/100 g and in starter culture added table olives from 200 to 138 mgCAE/100 g. In addition, the antioxidant activity was changed between 60.94 and 47.14 μmolTE/100 g oil. As a result of the study, it was ensured that black table olives produced with less salt (2%) could be stored on the shelves for 6 months without using any preservatives. In addition, radiation effect on quality was relatively similar to other treatments (vacuum and MAP).
Synthesis of a highly efficient charring agent and its application to intumescent flame‐retardant coatings for 3D‐printed polypropylene parts
Authors: Zhang Wenxue , Wu Wei , Hu Huanbo , Ye Junjian , Wang Zhengyi , Xie Fenghui
Published: March 2024

To improve the flame retardancy of 3D‐printed polypropylene (PP) parts, cyclic triphosphonitrile‐based hyperbranched charring agent (DHCCP) was innovatively synthesized and applied in flame‐retardant coatings. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the residual char rate of DHCCP reached 64.33% at 700°C. When 5 wt% DHCCP was added to the coating, the limiting oxygen index of the composite reached 29.1%, and the vertical combustion (UL‐94) could reach V‐0 rating. In addition, cone calorimetry test measured a 54.10% reduction in peak exothermic rate, and the tensile strength of coated PP was improved. The morphology and chemical composition of the char residues were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and laser Raman spectroscopy. After combustion, the coated PP formed a continuous and dense char layer, which could play the role of heat and oxygen insulation and anti‐drip, effectively improving the flame‐retardant of 3D‐printed PP parts.
Observer‐based event‐triggered consensus control of nonlinear cyber‐physical systems under backlash‐like hysteresis and denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Guo Shiyu , Niu Ben , Xu Ning , Zhao Xudong
Published: March 2024

In this article, we investigate the problem of event‐triggered distributed consensus control for a class of complex cyber‐physical systems (CPSs), where unknown backlash‐like hysteresis inputs and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks are considered in actuators and communication channels, respectively. In the first place, when communication networks are subjected to malicious DoS attacks, the connection weights of network communication topologies experience disruptions. To solve this issue, this work proposes a solution by constructing topological models for communication networks employing switching topologies and utilizing observers to estimate the combined measurement errors during the time interval of DoS attacks. Secondly, to address the repercussions of DoS attacks on control units and to optimize the utilization of communication resources, a distributed control protocol based on an event‐triggered scheme and employing locally deployed estimators is designed to significantly decrease the update frequency of control signals. Meanwhile, utilizing Lyapunov stability theory, the boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system is validated, thereby accomplishing the goal of consensus control. At last, the efficacy of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through two simulation examples.
Unilateral J‐cut division versus partial and subtotal removal techniques in female patients with mesh‐related urethral obstruction: Multicentric comparative study
Authors: Çetinel Bülent , Kalender Göktuğ , Kırlı Elif Altınay , Yenilmez Aydın , Gülpınar Ömer , Şimşir Adnan , Temeltaş Gökhan , Çubuk Alkan , Can Günay
Published: March 2024

Objective

To compare the functional (obstruction relieving) outcomes and complications of unilateral J‐cut division, partial and subtotal vaginal removal techniques were performed for mesh‐related urethral obstruction (MRUO) in females.

Methods

Patient review included demographics, a medical history and proforma with details of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), physical and urodynamic findings, detailed surgical reports and follow‐up data. Variables were compared between the three groups.

Results

Out of 130 patients with sling revision surgery (SRS), 54 women underwent SRS for MRUO with a median follow‐up of 48 (17–96) months. Unilateral J‐cut division, partial and subtotal vaginal removal techniques were performed in 12, 31 and 11 patients with a median duration of surgery of 30 (25–34), 40 (35–56) and 60 (60–70) minutes, respectively (p = 0.001). Statistically significant increase in median maximum free urine flow rate and decrease in median post‐void residual urine volume were found after SRS in the three groups, while de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI) developed in 10%, 44% and 60% of the patients in the unilateral J‐cut division, partial and subtotal removal groups, respectively (p = 0.007).

Conclusions

The unilateral J‐cut division technique was as effective as the partial and subtotal vaginal removal techniques in relieving MRUO with a shorter duration of surgery time (p = 0.001) and lower risk of de novo SUI (p = 0.007). Comparative studies with a larger number of patients are needed.
Do participants in widening participation outreach programmes in England progress to selective universities at a higher rate than would otherwise be expected?
Authors: Martin Paul
Published: March 2024

Young people growing up in England from a poorer background are less likely to progress into higher education compared to their better off counterparts. This is especially true with respect to more selective universities. This study used government administrative data to gauge the effectiveness of the ‘Realising Opportunities’ programme, which provides a package of support to prospective university applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds to facilitate their progression to more selective universities. Data was gathered concerning 769 16 to 18‐year‐old students who took part in the programme—which is delivered by a consortium of selective universities—between 2015 and 2017. This data revealed participants' personal characteristics (e.g., gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic status), school attainment and eventual university destination (or lack thereof). Additionally, national administrative data was sourced from the Department for Education's National Pupil Database and the Higher Education Statistics Agency for the entire cohort of state school pupils in England who turned 16 in the 2014–2015 academic year. This national data was used to generate a statistical model that could predict the likelihood of a young person in England progressing to a selective university based on their school attainment and other personal characteristics. Data concerning the programme participants was fed through the model and it was observed that the number of participants who had in fact progressed to selective universities greatly exceeded that predicted. Participation in the Realising Opportunities programme therefore appeared to be positively associated with an increased likelihood of progression to a selective university.
Analysis of gait characteristics and related factors in patients with Parkinson's disease based on wearable devices
Authors: Tang Hongyin , Liao Xianglian , Yao Jian , Xing Yilan , Zhao Xin , Cheng Weibin , Gu Tianxiang , Huang Yan , Xu Guang , Luan Ping , Tian Junzhang , Li Guihua
Published: March 2024

Background

Postural instability and gait disorder dominant (PIGD) is one of the most common disabling symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), which seriously affects patients’ quality of life. Therefore, it is essential to identify PIGD and develop targeted interventions to reduce the risk of PIGD in PD patients.

Aim:

This study aimed to investigate the gait characteristics of PD patients based on wearable devices and to establish a predictive model for their related influencing factors.

Methods

The retrospective medical records of patients from January 2020 to September 2023 were collected, including 159 patients with PD (divided into PIGD [n = 73] and non‐PIGD [n = 86] groups) and 200 healthy patients (as the healthy control group). Information from social demographic data, a blood test, scale scores, gait analysis based on wearable devices, white matter lesions, and the Fazekas scale was extracted and analyzed.

Results

Compared with the healthy control group, the mean step length, mean rate, mean angular velocity, and step length were lower in the PD group, while the mean steps were higher in the turning test. The incidence of PIGD was 46% in PD patients, and PD patients with the non‐tremor onset mode were more likely to develop PIGD than those with the tremor onset mode. Compared to the non‐PIGD group, the PIGD group showed more serious gait problems in different experimental tasks and had a higher Hoehn and Yahr (H‐Y) stage, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score, Hamilton Depression Scale score, periventricular white matter (PVWM) score, deep white matter score, and Fazekas scale score, but they had lower hemoglobin levels, D‐dimer levels, Tinetti Balance scores, Tinetti Gait scores, Berg Balance Scale scores, and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that the MMSE score was negatively correlated with the occurrence of PIGD, while the HAMA score, H‐Y stage, PVWM score, and non‐tremor form of onset were positively correlated with the occurrence of PIGD

Conclusion

The incidence of gait disorder in PD patients is higher than that in the normal population. Moreover, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety state, H‐Y stage, PVWM score, and the non‐tremor mode of onset can be considered independent risk factors for PIGD.
Musculoskeletal pain intensity and perceptions during distance learning: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vuran Burak Şevket , Altunalan Turgay
Published: March 2024

Technological developments and the pandemic have popularized the distance learning model at universities. In this educational model, students spend more time in front of screens, and screen‐related health conditions have become important. This cross‐sectional study of 177 undergraduate students was designed to investigate the effect of block and traditional scheduling in online distance education (ODE) on their musculoskeletal pain and to investigate their perceptions of block scheduling. A two‐stage method was used: a quantitative design to compare pain levels, and a qualitative design to determine the students' perceptions of block scheduling using an online survey. Pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS‐11). Data were collected in the university health sciences department. Pain intensity following the block and traditional lessons was analyzed using a paired t‐test. Students in the block schedule had significantly more pain, with a large effect size on the whole trunk and upper limbs. Pain levels were also clinically meaningful for the upper (5.73 ± 2.75), lower (5.59 ± 2.87), and neck (4.92 ± 2.60) regions. Students reported positive experiences with block scheduling in ODE such as saving time (43%) and maintaining subject integrity (26%), but also negative experiences such as distraction (56%), fatigue (33%), pain (17%), and boredom (11%). Block scheduling in ODE could cause clinically significant neck and back pain. In distance learning, keeping the course duration short and ensuring student mobility in the classroom are important.
Targeting RNA modifications with pharmacological agents: New frontiers in cancer therapy
Authors: Guan Angel , Wong Justin J.‐L.
Published: March 2024

The N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has gained significant prominence as a new layer of regulatory mechanism that governs gene expression. Over the past decade, various m6A regulators responsible for introducing, eliminating, and recognising RNA methylation have been identified. Notably, these m6A regulators often exhibit altered expression patterns in cancer, occasionally offering prognostic value. Nonetheless, the complex roles of these regulators in human cancer pathology remain enigmatic, with conflicting outcomes reported in different studies.In recent years, a multitude of inhibitors and activators targeting m6A regulators have been reported. Several of these compounds have demonstrated promising efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo cancer models. These findings collectively underscore the dynamic landscape of m6A regulation in cancer biology, revealing its potential as a therapeutic target and prognostic indicator.
The feasibility and acceptability of an app‐based intervention with brief behavioural support (APPROACH) to promote brisk walking in people diagnosed with breast, prostate and colorectal cancer in the UK
Authors: Lally Phillippa , Kennedy Fiona , Smith Susan , Beeken Rebecca J. , Buck Caroline , Thomas Chloe , Counsell Nicholas , Wyld Lynda , Martin Charlene , Williams Sarah , Roberts Anna , Greenfield Diana M. , Gath Jacqui , Potts Henry W. W. , Latimer Nicholas , Smith Lee , Fisher Abi
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Increased moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can improve clinical and psychosocial outcomes for people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC). This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures in a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a theory‐driven app‐based intervention with behavioural support focused on promoting brisk walking (a form of MVPA) in people LWBC (APPROACH).

Methods

Participants diagnosed with breast, prostate or colorectal cancer were recruited from a single UK hospital site. Assessments at baseline and 3 months included online questionnaires, device‐measured brisk walking (activPAL accelerometer) and self‐reported weight and height. Participants were randomised to intervention or control (care as usual). The intervention comprised a non‐cancer‐specific app to promote brisk walking (National Health Service ‘Active 10’) augmented with print information about habit formation, a walking planner and two behavioural support telephone calls. Feasibility and acceptability of trial procedures were explored. Initial estimates for physical activity informed a power calculation for a phase III RCT. A preliminary health economics analysis was conducted.

Results

Of those medically eligible, 369/577 (64%) were willing to answer further eligibility questions and 90/148 (61%) of those eligible were enrolled. Feasibility outcomes, including retention (97%), assessment completion rates (>86%) and app download rates in the intervention group (96%), suggest that the trial procedures are acceptable and that the intervention is feasible. The phase III RCT will require 472 participants to be randomised. As expected, the preliminary health economic analyses indicate a high level of uncertainty around the cost‐effectiveness of the intervention.

Conclusions

This pilot study demonstrates that a large trial of the brisk walking intervention with behavioural support is both feasible and acceptable to people LWBC. The results support progression onto a confirmatory phase III trial to determine the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of the intervention.
Halogenated Cyclic Monoterpenoids with Anti‐Biofouling Activity from the Okinawan Red Marine Algae Portieria Hornemannii
Authors: Ishigami Shinnosuke , Fukada Ryosuke , Nagasaka Genki , Tsuruta Tomoki , Nishikawa Keisuke , Sasaki Yu , Nimura Kazumi , Oshima Iori , Yamagishi Yukimasa , Morimoto Yoshiki , Kamada Takashi , Ishii Takahiro
Published: March 2024

The red algal genus Portieria is a prolific producer of halogenated monoterpenoids. In this study, we isolated and characterised monoterpenoids from the Okinawan red algae Portieria hornemannii. A new polyhalogenated cyclic monoterpenoid, 2(R)‐chloro‐1,6(S)‐dibromo‐3(8)(Z)‐ochtoden‐4(R)‐ol (1), along with three known monoterpenoids, (2R,3(8)E,4S,6R)‐6‐bromo‐2‐chloro‐1,4‐oxido‐3(8)‐ochtodene (2), 1‐bromo‐2‐chloroochtoda‐3(8),5‐dien‐4‐one (3), and 2‐chloro‐1‐hydroxyochtoda‐3(8),5‐dien‐4‐one (4) were isolated from the methanol extract of three populations of P. hornemannii. These compounds were characterised using a combination of spectroscopic methods and chemical synthesis, and the absolute stereochemistry of compounds 1 and 2 was determined. In addition, all isolated compounds were screened for their anti‐biofouling activity against the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, and 1 exhibited strong activity. Therefore, halogenated monoterpenoids have the potential to be used as natural anti‐biofouling drugs.
Split Proteins and Reassembly Modules for Biological Applications
Authors: Bae Jieun , Kim Jonghoon , Choi Jongdoo , Lee Hwiyeong , Koh Minseob
Published: March 2024

Split systems, modular entities enabling controlled biological processes, have become instrumental in biological research. This review highlights their utility across applications like gene regulation, protein interaction identification, and biosensor development. Covering significant progress over the last decade, it revisits traditional split proteins such as GFP, luciferase, and inteins, and explores advancements in technologies like Cas proteins and base editors. We also examine reassembly modules and their applications in diverse fields, from gene regulation to therapeutic innovation. This review offers a comprehensive perspective on the recent evolution of split systems in biological research.
Cysteine‐independent CRISPR‐Associated Protein Labeling for Presentation and Co‐delivery of Molecules Toward Genetic and Epigenetic Regulations
Authors: Tanga Sadiya , Hota Arpita , Karmakar Arkadeep , Banerjee Paramita , Maji Basudeb
Published: March 2024

Labeling of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) associated proteins (Cas) remains an immense challenge for their genome engineering applications. To date, cysteine‐mediated bioconjugation is the most efficient strategy for labeling Cas proteins. However, introducing a cysteine residue in the protein at the right place might be challenging without perturbing the enzymatic activity. We report a method that does not require cysteine residues for small molecule presentation on the CRISPR‐associated protein SpCas9 for in vitro protein detection, probing cellular protein expression, and nuclear co‐delivery of molecules in mammalian cells. We repurposed a simple protein purification tag His6 peptide for non‐covalent labeling of molecules on the CRISPR enzyme SpCas9. The small molecule labeling enabled us to rapidly detect SpCas9 in a biochemical assay. We demonstrate that small molecule labeling can be utilized for probing bacterial protein expression in realtime. Furthermore, we coupled SpCas9’s nuclear‐targeting ability in co‐delivering the presenting small molecules to the mammalian cell nucleus for prospective genome engineering applications. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the method can be generalized to label oligonucleotides for multiplexing CRISPR‐based genome editing and template‐mediated DNA repair applications. This work paves the way for genomic loci‐specific bioactive small molecule and oligonucleotide co‐delivery toward genetic and epigenetic regulations.
PSL Chemical Biology Symposia: Recent Progress in Ferroptosis
Authors: Pereira Arthur , Baron Leeroy , Bucci Romain , Plays Marina , Bonasegale Giulia , Picard–Bernes Armel , Bibrowski Manuel , Morris Nolwenn , Marynberg Sacha , Sindikubwabo Fabien , Cañeque Tatiana , Müller Sebastian , Colombeau Ludovic , Solier Stéphanie , Bono Yannick , Gaillet Christine , Johannes Ludger , Puisieux Alain , Rodriguez Raphaël
Published: March 2024

This symposium is the 5th PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres) Chemical Biology meeting (2015, 2016, 2019, 2023, 2024) held at Institut Curie. This initiative originally started at Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN) in Gif‐sur‐Yvette, with a strong focus on chemistry. It was then continued at the Institut Curie (2015) covering a larger scope, before becoming the official PSL Chemical Biology meeting. This latest edition hosted around 150 participants and was focused on the burgeoning field of ferroptosis, its mechanism and implications in health and disease. While not initially planned, it was felt that the next large Ferroptosis venue (CSHA, China) would not happen before late 2024. A discussion involving Conrad, Birsoy, Ubellacker, Brabletz and Rodriguez next to lake Como in Italy sponsored by the DKFZ, prompted us to fill in this gap and to organize a Ferroptosis meeting in Paris beforehand.
Retrieval of a left appendage device from the left ventricle using a large bore steerable catheter
Authors: Abbadi Abou‐Bakr , Akodad Mariama , Horvilleur Jérôme , Neylon Antoinette
Published: March 2024

Left atrium appendage closure is a safe and effective therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation and high thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risks. Prosthesis embolization is a potential major complication with an incidence of 0.07%. We report a case of migration of an Amplatzer Amulet (Abbott) device that was successfully retrieved in an innovative way (4).
Nickel‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed Copolymerizations of Norbornene with Polar α‐Olefins
Authors: Li Mingyuan , Fang Yueting , Cai Zhengguo , Eisen Moris S.
Published: March 2024

Recent progress regarding the copolymerization of norbornene with various polar α‐olefins catalyzed by nickel and palladium catalysts is reviewed here with special attention paid to the diverse catalyst frameworks, polar monomer scopes as well as polymer microstructures. Both the influences of steric effect and electron property of ligand substituents and the type of polar monomers on the catalytic behaviors (activity, stability, polarity tolerance, etc.) and the polymer microstructures (molecular weight and distribution, comonomer contents, etc.) have been summarized. The introduction of noncyclic‐olefins, such as polar vinyl monomers, polar higher α‐olefins, and polar styrenes, into rigid cyclic‐based polynorbornene chain resulted in significant modifications on the polarity, compatibility, thermostability, processibility, transparency, and many other properties of the material, which has also been discussed in the review. The contents of this review have been classified according to the type of polar monomers involved in the norbornene copolymerization, and each section included nickel and palladium catalysts bearing different ligand structures, which will be meaningful for the development of new types of catalysts and new families of norbornene‐based cyclic olefin copolymer materials in the future.
Artificial Biocatalysis: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Ingram Aaron A. , Oike Keiko
Published: March 2024

Astonishing progress has been achieved in unlocking new‐to‐nature biocatalysis in the past decades. The progress in protein engineering enabled research to efficiently incorporate artificial structural elements into enzyme design. Recent trends include cofactor mimetics, artificial metalloenzymes and non‐canonical amino acids. In this perspective article, we present the state‐of‐the‐art, discuss recent examples and our view on what we call artificial biocatalysis. Although these artificial systems undoubtedly increase the scope of biocatalysis, their applicability remains challenging. Fundamental questions regarding the impact of this research field are addressed in this perspective.
Catalytic Ammonia Formation in a Microreaction Chamber with Electrically Intensified Arc Plasma
Authors: Van Duc Long Nguyen , Pourali Nima , Lamichhane Pradeep , Mohsen Sarafraz Mohammad , Nghiep Tran Nam , Rebrov Evgeny , Kim Hyun‐Ha , Hessel Volker
Published: March 2024

Ammonia (NH3) production is of global concern for today's food supply security and as future energy vector. Plasma technology can add to supply‐chain resilience of fertilizer production and improve the environmental profile using renewable energy; allowing distributed NH3 production. With the objective to provide process intensification of small‐capacity reactors for local supply, a novel micropyramid‐disk plasma reactor operated in micro‐arc mode was developed. NH3 was synthesized from N2, nitrogen, and H2, hydrogen over Ru/MCM‐41 catalyst at atmospheric pressure. The microplasma brings plasma and catalyst surface close together and intensifies the electric field. The arc plasma elevates temperature, ‘nonthermal’, releasing high‐energy free electrons, known to be effective in converting low‐reactive molecules. The study demonstrates that microplasma, with reduced electrode‐to‐electrode dimensions and a microstructured reaction environment, enhances the performance of the NH3 synthesis and opens novel process windows. This is detailed on the impact of feed ratio (N2/H2), applied voltage, frequency, electrode gap, and the flow distribution by which the gas is fed in. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to identify vibrationally and other excited species generated by the microplasma and confirms the catalyst is in symbiosis with the radicals.
Donor‐Acceptor Pyrene‐Based Covalent Organic Framework for Blue Light Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Amines
Authors: Wang Linyang , Chakraborty Jeet , Deng Maojun , Sun Jiamin , Van Der Voort Pascal
Published: March 2024

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with a donor‐acceptor (D−A) architecture have been investigated as prospective semiconducting materials, particularly for photocatalytic processes. The incorporation of electron donating and accepting moieties into the COF backbone creates nano heterojunctions, enhancing efficient light absorption, charge separation, and charge transport. Herein, three pyrene‐based COFs were well designed for the aerobic coupling of amines under air atmosphere with blue‐LED irradiation. Among the three COFs, the Py‐Por‐COF with D−A structure exhibits the highest photocatalytic performance and demonstrates a remarkable apparent quantum efficiency of 11.3 % at 420 nm. In addition, the Py‐Por‐COF maintains a good level of crystallinity and high yield even undergone four cycles, showcasing the exceptional potential of D−A structure COFs in the field of photocatalytic organic transformation.
Bridging the Gap Between Single Atoms, Atomic Clusters and Nanoparticles in Electrocatalysis: Hierarchical Structured Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Bhalothia Dinesh , Beniwal Amisha , Kumar Saravanan Praveen , Chen Po‐Chun , Chen Tsan‐Yao
Published: March 2024

In the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in advancing heterogeneous single‐atom catalysts (SACs), propelled by their extraordinary properties such as unique activities, high selectivity, and efficient metal utilization. In contrast to their nanoparticle counterparts, SACs showcase distinct advantages, yet they are not exempt from limitations. A primary constraint lies in their relatively low metal content and lack of ensemble sites, potentially impacting overall catalytic activity. Stability concerns also arise, as isolated metal atoms may be prone to aggregation, oxidation, and other structural changes. To surmount these challenges, there is a burgeoning exploration of synergies between SACs and other active species, such as single atoms, atomic clusters, or nanoparticles. This approach holds promise for augmenting the efficiency of complex catalytic reactions. However, a systematic examination of their integration and potential synergy has been notably absent. This review strives to fill that gap by comprehensively exploring key interactions, complementary effects, and bifunctional roles of single atoms, atomic clusters and nanoparticles when combined in different compositions and configurations, especially for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) applications. Additionally, the review sheds new light on the underlying catalytic mechanisms by offering insights through specific case studies. In particular, it emphasizes the dynamic nature of each active species and their interactions within these innovative catalytic entities, specifically in the context of heterogeneous electrocatalytic processes, backed by compelling in situ and operando evidence. Concluding the discussion, the review addresses the current challenges and provides a glimpse into the prospects of these integrated catalytic systems in the future. The contents can serve as a valuable guide for the design of advanced catalysts, promoting the deliberate combination and synergy of binary or multiple active species to further advance the field of catalysis with a clear roadmap and easy assessments.
Response of chickpea's yield and yield components to double inoculation with mycorrhiza and rhizobium under split application of nitrogen
Authors: Malekian Babak , Parsa Mehdi , Fallah Mohammad Hassan , Vessal Saeedreza
Published: March 2024

The utilization of advantageous microorganisms as a biofertilizer has gained significant importance in the agricultural industry due to their potential contribution to food safety and the sustainable cultivation of crops. To evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and co‐inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium on the yield and yield component of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a 2‐year field experiment was conducted in 2020–2021 at the Agricultural Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experiment was designed as a randomized block trial in factorial design with three replicates. The treatments included two levels of inoculation (noninoculated and inoculated with rhizobium and mycorrhiza) and application of different levels of N fertilizer (0, 25, or 50 kg ha−1) at three growth stages (sowing, flowering, pod filling) as follows; F0 (0,0,0), F1 (25,0,0), F2 (25,25,0), F3 (25,25,25), F4 (50,0,0), F5 (50,50,0) and F6 (50,50,50), respectively. The results showed that seed inoculation and split N fertilization significantly increased yield and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Seed inoculation showed the highest values for all traits studied compared to the noninoculated treatments. Moreover, among the fertilizer treatments, the highest values for plant height (41.8 cm), number of branches (9.1), number of grains per plant (17.8) and 100‐grain weight (30.4 g) from F6 through the F3 treatment, were statistically similar. The results show that the effect of inoculation is more significant when a lower amount of N fertilizer is applied. Due to the health and environmental problems associated with chemical fertilizers, double inoculation and split application of N fertilizers at lower doses can be recommended.
CO2‐based spouted fluidized bed gasification of kitchen waste: Experimental investigation with process modelling
Authors: Lokare Nilesh , Sahu Pradeep , Vairakannu Prabu
Published: March 2024

In the present study, kitchen waste is chosen as a solid feed for producing high‐caloric valuable syngas using CO2 as a gasifying agent. Dried kitchen waste is gasified in a spouted fluidized bed reactor for syngas production. In the process, along with syngas, a significant quantity of oil (48 wt.%) and solid char residue is obtained during pyrolysis. Further, the spouted bed process is simulated in ASPEN PLUS using various reactor modules and the calculated results is validated with the experimental data. A model using the combination of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and plug flow reactor (PFR) with recycling of gas and char fits the behaviour of spouted bed. Further, the experimental investigation of fixed and spouted bed gasification of kitchen showed that the calorific value of syngas obtained during gasification is 10.45 MJ/nm3 with 30.00 vol.% CO and 24.00 vol.% H2. Further, the effect of process parameters such as pressure, temperature, spouting gas flow rate, and feed rate of kitchen waste on overall syngas composition is evaluated using ASPEN PLUS software.
Hydrocracking of non‐edible vegetable oil and waste cooking oils for the production of light hydrocarbon fuels: A review
Authors: Ratshoshi Sharron , Mukaya Hembe Elie , Nkazi Diakanua
Published: March 2024

The high demand for biofuels by surfacing economies with environmental issues has resulted in a more in‐depth search for new biofuel feedstocks. Non‐edible oils have become the centre of investigation as biofuel feedstocks since they do not compete with food sources. This review evaluates hydrocracking as a biofuel production method and further elucidates different feedstocks, the effects of hydrocracking catalysts, and operating parameters to obtain optimum yields and selectivity of desired products. The bifunctional catalyst mechanism is also explained. The hydrocracking technique is found to be more advantageous than other biofuel production techniques such as transesterification and pyrolysis due to its ability to produce valuable products of better quality and with higher yields. Coke formation is one of the challenges faced by hydrocracking despite that it can be reduced by high hydrogen pressure; this will increase the cost of the entire process.