bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The inhibition effect of starch nanoparticles on tyrosinase activity and its mechanism
Authors: Yang Jie , Chang Ranran , Ge Shengju , Zhao Mei , Liang Caifeng , Xiong Liu , Sun Qingjie
Published: November 2016

Starch nanoparticles exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and a synergistic inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and dopa oxidation was observed.
Solventless mechanochemical metallation of porphyrins
Authors: Ralphs Kathryn , Zhang Chen , James Stuart L.
Published: November 2016

We demonstrate solvent-free metallation of porphyrins by ball milling with hydrated metal acetate salts for a few minutes with no added solvent; the products are then simply heated to remove the volatile acetic acid and water by-products. Normal methods for metallating porphyrins require solvents and heating to reflux, sometimes for long periods.
Naringenin improves the sunscreen performance of vegetable nanocarriers
Authors: Badea Gabriela , Badea Nicoleta , Brasoveanu Lorelei I. , Mihaila Mirela , Stan Raluca , Istrati Daniela , Balaci Teodora , Lacatusu Ioana
Published: November 2016

Naringenin enhances the UV protection, photostability and cell viability of lipid based vegetable nanocarriers.
Sensitive chemiluminescence determination method for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene based on the catalytic activity of amine-capped gold nanoparticles
Authors: Hassanzadeh Javad , Khataee Alireza , Bagheri Nafiseh , Lotfi Roya
Published: November 2016

TNT can efficiently quench the high intensity CL emission of a rhodamine B–KMnO4–EDA capped AuNP CL system.
Fluorinated alcohol-mediated [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of indolyl alcohols with cyclopentadiene
Authors: Liu Jian , Wang Liang , Wang Xiaoxiao , Xu Lubin , Hao Zhihui , Xiao Jian
Published: November 2016

This paper describes a catalyst- and additive-free, [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of 3-indolylmethanols with cyclopentadiene in HFIP, producing cyclohepta[b]indole derivatives in high yields and with wide substrate scope.
Intramolecular oxidative deselenization of acylselenoureas: a facile synthesis of benzoxazole amides and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Angeli A. , Peat T. S. , Bartolucci G. , Nocentini A. , Supuran C. T. , Carta F.
Published: November 2016

A mild, efficient and one pot procedure to access benzoxazoles using easily accessible acylselenoureas as starting materials has been discovered.
Metal catalyst free cyclization of 3-alkynyl substituted 2-(indol-3-yl)quinoxalines in TFA alone: a new synthesis of indolophenazines
Authors: Kumar K. Shiva , Bhaskar Boyapally , Ramulu Meesa Siddi , Kumar N. Praveen , Ashfaq Mohd Ashraf , Pal Manojit
Published: November 2016

A new synthesis of indolophenazines has been achieved via cyclization of 3-alkynyl substituted 2-(indol-3-yl)quinoxalines in TFA alone.
RAFT polymerization to form stimuli-responsive polymers
Authors: Moad Graeme
Published: November 2016

Stimuli-responsive polymers respond to a variety of external stimuli, which include optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, redox, pH, chemical, environmental and biological signals. This paper is concerned with the process of forming such polymers by RAFT polymerization.
CuO nanomaterials for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Jiang Tengfei , Bujoli-Doeuff Martine , Farré Yoann , Pellegrin Yann , Gautron Eric , Boujtita Mohammed , Cario Laurent , Jobic Stéphane , Odobel Fabrice
Published: November 2016

Three different morphologies of CuO nanomaterials were used to prepare photocathodes for p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSSCs) with P1, DPP-NDI and YF1 as dyes, and I−/I3− and CoIII/CoII as redox mediators.
Advances in Fe-based biodegradable metallic materials
Authors: He Jin , He Feng-Li , Li Da-Wei , Liu Ya-Li , Liu Yang-Yang , Ye Ya-Jing , Yin Da-Chuan
Published: November 2016

This review systematically summarizes recent studies on Fe-based biodegradable metallic materials and discusses these findings in terms of their processing methods, mechanical properties, degradability and biocompatibility.
Facile synthesis of a novel CeO2/glass bead catalyst with enhanced catalytic oxidation performance
Authors: Yao Hongbao , Ding Xifeng , Wang Zhong , Zhang Fan , Wang Yujun , Luo Guangsheng
Published: November 2016

It is the first time that the preparation of novel CeO2/glass bead catalysts with excellent catalytic oxidation activity in organic pollutant degradation have been reported.
Efficient promotion of charge separation and suppression of charge recombination by blending PCBM and its dimer as electron transport layer in inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Han Jun , Wang Hao-Yi , Wang Yi , Yu Man , Yuan Shuai , Sun Peili , Qin Yujun , Guo Zhi-Xin , Zhang Jian-Ping , Ai Xi-Cheng
Published: November 2016

Admixing PCBM and its dimer as electron transport material significantly improves charge carrier dynamic behavior in inverted perovskite device.
The interaction between CuO and Al2O3 and the reactivity of copper aluminates below 1000 °C and their implication on the use of the Cu–Al–O system for oxygen storage and production
Authors: Hu Wenting , Donat Felix , Scott S. A. , Dennis J. S.
Published: November 2016

This work investigates the interaction between CuO and different aluminas (and precursors) which are commonly used as support materials at temperatures between 700 and 1000 °C, as well as some chemical properties of the resulting copper aluminates.
Modulating sensitivity and detection mechanism with spacer length: a new series of fluorescent turn on chemodosimeters for Pb2+ based on rhodamine–quinoline conjugates
Authors: Devi Manisha , Dhir Abhimanew , Pradeep Chullikkattil P.
Published: November 2016

A series of highly selective and sensitive fluorescent turn on chemodosimeters and a chemosensor have been developed for Pb2+ ions based on rhodamine–quinoline conjugates.
Preparation and characterization of a core–shell KNO3@alginate-Ca particle with uranium-removal and slow-release of KNO3
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Lin Xiaoyan , Liu Hongyan , Qu Yuanyuan , Luo Xuegang
Published: November 2016

A novel core–shell KNO3@alginate-Ca particle was prepared by a facile method of electro-coextrusion. The core–shell KNO3@alginate-Ca particle was a promising adsorbent for uranium removal and a slow-release material for potassium release.
Structural and CO2capture analyses of the Li1+xFeO2(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) system: effect of different physicochemical conditions
Authors: Gomez-Garcia J. Francisco , Pfeiffer Heriberto
Published: November 2016

α-Li1+xFeO2compounds have been synthesized by nitrate decomposition at low temperature. Their CO2capture were evaluated in CO2and CO2+ steam atmospheres. The amount captured in CO2+ steam atmosphere was 24 wt%, also magnetite was formed.
Interactive luminescent gold nanocluster embedded dsDNA and cisplatin as model nanoparticles for cancer theranostics
Authors: Chatterjee Bandhan , Sahoo Amaresh Kumar , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar , Chattopadhyay Arun
Published: November 2016

Luminescent gold nanoclusters in DNA and cisplatin produced nanoparticle for theranostics.
Laser exfoliation of 2D black phosphorus nanosheets and their application as a field emitter
Authors: Suryawanshi Sachin R. , More Mahendra A. , Late Dattatray J.
Published: November 2016

Highly crystalline two dimensional (2D) few layered black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets have been synthesized via a one step facile laser irradiation technique under optimized experimental conditions. The BP material shows promising field emission performance.
A multi-functional PEGylated gold(iii) compound: potent anti-cancer properties and self-assembly into nanostructures for drug co-delivery
Authors: Chung Clive Yik-Sham , Fung Sin-Ki , Tong Ka-Chung , Wan Pui-Ki , Lok Chun-Nam , Huang Yanyu , Chen Tianfeng , Che Chi-Ming
Published: November 2016

Amphiphilic gold(iii) porphyrin–PEG conjugates can undergo self-assembly into nanostructures, resulting in promising anti-cancer properties with minimal systemic toxicity. The nanostructures can be employed as nanocarriers for drug co-delivery.
Wire-on-flake heterostructured ternary Co0.5Ni0.5P/CC: an efficient hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Gu Wenling , Wang Erkang
Published: November 2016

Illustration of the formation of ternary composites with different morphologies when changing the relative molar ratios of non-noble-metal precursors. The wire-on-flake morphology exists when the molar ratio of Co(NO3)2·6H2O and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O is 1 : 1. When adding more Co(NO3)2·6H2O, the morphology becomes a nanowire morphology, and when adding more Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, the morphology becomes a nanoflake morphology.
High sulfur loading lithium–sulfur batteries based on a upper current collector electrode with lithium-ion conductive polymers
Authors: Zhang Yiyong , Li Kun , Li He , Peng Yueying , Wang Yunhui , Wang Jing , Zhao Jinbao
Published: November 2016

We report an effective double current collector electrode.
Polymeric electrochromic materials with donor–acceptor structures
Authors: Lv Xiaojing , Li Weijun , Ouyang Mi , Zhang Yujian , Wright Dominic S. , Zhang Cheng
Published: November 2016

Conjugated polymers with various electron-donor (D) and -acceptor (A) structures present diverse electrochemical, optical–physical and EC properties.
Structure and magnetism of the solid solution GexFe4−xNy (0 ≤ x ≤ 1): from a ferromagnet to a spin glass
Authors: Scholz T. , Dronskowski R.
Published: November 2016

The experimental and theoretical study of the solid solution GexFe4−xNy (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) reveals a structural transition from the cubic to the tetragonal system as well as a magnetic transition from a ferromagnet to a spin glass accompanying the increasing germanium concentration.
Perturbation‐based method for near‐field cross‐section imaging
Authors: Kan Yingzhi , Zhu Yongfeng , Zhou Jianxiong , Yang Lei , Tang Liang , Fu Qiang
Published: November 2016

A fast and interpolation‐free algorithm for near‐field cross‐section imaging is presented. First a two‐dimensional (2D) compensated non‐uniform spatial spectrum in wavenumber domain is obtained by fast Fourier transform (FFT) and phase compensation. Then the non‐uniform wavenumber grid is approximated to a newly constructed uniform grid which can be considered as perturbation basis. By doing first‐order Taylor expansion, 2D inverse FFT can be performed on the perturbation basis to obtain the cross‐section image. Experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
On‐chip reconfigurable switched‐capacitor DC–DC converter for indoor PV energy harvesting
Authors: Xiao Z. , Khoa B.A. , Siek L.
Published: November 2016

A reconfigurable switched‐capacitor DC–DC converter is presented for indoor photovoltaic energy harvesting. A uniform hysteresis controller regulates the PV cell voltage at 1.5 V to extract the maximum power from the PV cell and regulates the load voltage at 0.9 V. To minimise the conversion loss, the energy is transferred from the PV cell to the load directly whenever energy is available in the PV cell. When the load voltage is high, the excess energy in the PV cell is stored in the buffer of 1.8 V. The load draws energy from the buffer when energy is not available in the PV cell. The proposed converter was fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS process and achieves peak efficiencies of 87, 88 and 78% while delivering energy from the PV cell to the load, from the PV cell to the buffer and from the buffer to the load, respectively.
Convolutive blind signal separation via polynomial matrix generalised eigenvalue decomposition
Authors: Redif S.
Published: November 2016

An extension of the generalised eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD) to polynomial matrices, that is, a polynomial GEVD is proposed. A method for its application to convolutive blind signal separation is then introduced. The author shows that the source signals can be estimated using two related, but different, ‘target’ polynomial matrices. These polynomial matrices are parahermitian matrices, corresponding to two different signal time intervals, which capture the non‐stationarity of the sources. The validity of our method in separating the sources from their convolutive mixtures is demonstrated with computer simulations.
Triple band‐notched UWB monopole antenna on ultra‐thin liquid crystal polymer based on ESCSRR
Authors: Xiao Wei , Mei Tengda , Lan Yu , Wu Yunqiu , Xu Ruimin , Xu Yuehang
Published: November 2016

A triple band‐notched UWB monopole antennas is presented for flexible electronics. To enhance the flexibility, ultra‐thin liquid crystal polymer with 50 μm thickness is used as the substrate. The antennas are constituted by swallow tail radiation patch and trapezoid ground. Moreover, band‐notched characteristic is realised by etching different sized elliptic single complementary split‐ring resonators on the radiation patch. An improved triple band‐notched UWB antenna with notched‐frequency bands at 3.7–4.2 GHz, 5.15–5.35 GHz, and 5.725–5.825 GHz are designed by a novel capacitance compensation method. The measured radiation patterns indicate that the antennas are an omni‐directional antenna both at flat and bent circumstances. The occupied area of antenna is 27 × 21 mm.
Full‐bridge DC/DC converter with wide ZVS range
Authors: Lin B.R.
Published: November 2016

A soft switching converter is presented with the advantages of wide zero‐voltage switching range, low primary conduction loss, less output inductance and power transfer within the whole switching cycle. Half‐bridge circuit is connected to the lagging‐leg power switches of full‐bridge converter to improve the soft switching load range. One positive rectified voltage is generated on the secondary side to reduce the primary current to zero during the freewheeling state. Therefore, the primary conduction loss is reduced. The performance of the proposed converter is verified by the experimental verifications with a 1.92 kW prototype.
Implantable micro‐sized image sensor for data transmission with intra‐vital optical communication
Authors: Takehara Hiroaki , Hayami Hajime , Nagata Kengo , Ohta Yasumi , Noda Toshihiko , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Tokuda Takashi , Ohta Jun
Published: November 2016

Interest in implantable microchips for medical sensors is increasing. To reduce the invasiveness of implantation, wireless data transmission in a living body is an important issue shared by all such sensors. Here, the authors report on a light‐based wireless data transmission method for implantable biomedical sensor chips. An implantable micro‐sized image sensor (400 × 1200 μm2) that was designed to modulate a small light‐emitting diode (λ = 855 nm) with pulse‐width modulation for intra‐vital optical communication (IOC) was developed. Both a transmitter device and a receiver device for IOC were prepared, and optical image data transmission through biological tissue (a mouse skull bone) was successfully demonstrated.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Sheath in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Araújo Marx , Vale Benjamim , Ricarte Irapua , de Macêdo Lívio , Rodrigues Anderson , Monteiro Tomásia
Published: November 2016

Intracranial hypertension (ICH) is a life-threatening condition that can be observed in several diseases. Its clinical presentation is variable, with headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, papilledema, and alterations in the level of consciousness. The gold standard for the diagnosis of ICH is still the intracranial implantation of invasive devices. Non-invasive techniques, such as ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath (USONS), have emerged in recent years with promising clinical results. The authors report the case of a patient with progressive headache associated with visual impairment and papilledema, and the eventual diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension using USONS.
CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2014
Authors: Mohr Peter J. , Newell David B. , Taylor Barry N.
Published: November 2016

This paper gives the 2014 self-consistent set of values of the constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA). These values are based on a least-squares adjustment that takes into account all data available up to 31 December 2014. Details of the data selection and methodology of the adjustment are described. The recommended values may also be found at http://physics.nist.gov/constants.
Multi-cavity locally resonant structure with the low frequency and broad band-gaps
Authors: Jiang Jiulong , Yao Hong , Du Jun , Zhao Jinbo
Published: November 2016

A multi-cavity periodic structure with the characteristic of local resonance was proposed in the paper. The low frequency band-gap structure was comparatively analyzed by the finite element method (FEM) and electric circuit analogy (ECA). Low frequency band-gap can be opened through the dual influence of the coupling’s resonance in the cavity and the interaction among the couplings between structures. Finally, the influence of the structural factors on the band-gap was analyzed. The results show that the structure, which is divided into three parts equally, has a broader effective band-gap below the frequency of 200 Hz. It is also proved that reducing the interval between unit structures can increase the intensity of the couplings among the structures. And in this way, the width of band-gap would be expanded significantly. Through the parameters adjustment, the structure enjoys a satisfied sound insulation effect below the frequency of 500Hz. In the area of low frequency noise reduction, the structure has a lot of potential applications.
Productivity and profitability of forage options for beef production in the subtropics of northern Australia
Authors: Bowen M. K. , Chudleigh F. , Buck S. , Hopkins K.
Published: November 2016

This study measured forage biomass production, diet quality, cattle liveweight gain, and economic performance of six forage types at 21 sites across 12 commercial beef cattle properties in the Fitzroy River catchment of Queensland during 2011–2014 (28 annual datasets in total). The forages were annual forage crops (oats (Avena sativa), sorghum (Sorghum spp.) and lablab (Lablab purpureus)), sown perennial legume-grass pastures (leucaena-grass (Leucaena leucocephala spp. glabrata + perennial, tropical grass (C4) species) and butterfly pea-grass (Clitoria ternatea + perennial, C4, grass species)), and perennial, C4, grass pastures. The sown forages resulted in 1.2–2.6 times the annual cattle liveweight gain per ha than perennial grass pastures. Annual cattle liveweight gain per ha, forage establishment and management costs, and cattle price margin (sale price less purchase price, $/kg liveweight) all influenced gross margin, however, none was an overriding factor. The average gross margins ($/ha.annum) calculated using contractor rates, ranked from highest to lowest, were: leucaena-grass pastures, 181; butterfly pea-grass pastures, 140; oats, 102; perennial grass, 96; sorghum, 24; and lablab, 18. It was concluded that the tendency towards greater average gross margins for perennial legume-grass pastures than for annual forage crops or perennial grass pastures was the result of the combined effects of lower average forage costs and high cattle productivity.
Proteomics and comparative genomics of
Nitrososphaera viennensis
reveal the core genome and adaptations of archaeal ammonia oxidizers
Authors: Kerou Melina , Offre Pierre , Valledor Luis , Abby Sophie S. , Melcher Michael , Nagler Matthias , Weckwerth Wolfram , Schleper Christa
Published: November 2016

Significance

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), key players in global biogeochemical cycles, represent a heterogeneous group with a broad environmental distribution. Understanding their activity and physiology is of great importance due to the impact of the overuse of agricultural fertilizers on the N cycle and the production of the greenhouse gas N
2
O during nitrification. Despite their prominent ecological role, little is known about the fundamental metabolic processes of AOA. Here, we show that AOA of marine and terrestrial environments share unique and well-conserved pathways of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and we raise hypotheses about missing steps in these pathways. Our approach also highlights the extensive environmental adaptations of the soil clade, including the capacity for cell surface modifications, carbohydrate conversions, detoxification, and biofilm formation.
Evidence of isotopic fractionation of natural uranium in cultured human cells
Authors: Paredes Eduardo , Avazeri Emilie , Malard Véronique , Vidaud Claude , Reiller Pascal E. , Ortega Richard , Nonell Anthony , Isnard Hélène , Chartier Frédéric , Bresson Carole
Published: November 2016

Significance

In vivo isotopic fractionation studies of metals in living organisms have recently revealed an outstanding potential for biomedical and toxicological studies. In vitro studies in cellular models are underexploited, although they have the potential to provide invaluable information to understand the processes at the origin of such isotopic fractionations. This work demonstrates the isotopic fractionation of natural uranium during its uptake by neuron-like human cells. The direction of isotopic fractionation provided clues for the identification of potential U incorporation pathways into cells, unknown until now. These findings open new perspectives on the use of isotopic fractionation of metals in cellular models for the investigation of metabolic processes, the identification of new biomarkers, and the interpretation of clinical results.
Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice breeding and seed production using a nuclear male sterility gene
Authors: Chang Zhenyi , Chen Zhufeng , Wang Na , Xie Gang , Lu Jiawei , Yan Wei , Zhou Junli , Tang Xiaoyan , Deng Xing Wang
Published: November 2016

Significance

Nuclear male sterility is common in flowering plants, but its application in hybrid breeding and seed production is limited because of the inability to propagate a pure male sterile line for commercial hybrid seed production. Here, we characterized a rice nuclear gene essential for sporophytic male fertility and constructed a male sterility system that can propagate the pure male sterile seeds on a large scale. This system is fundamentally advantageous over the current cytoplasmic male sterile and photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile systems. Application of this technology will greatly enhance the effectiveness and efficiency in hybrid rice breeding and production.
Molecular evidence of keratin and melanosomes in feathers of the Early Cretaceous bird
Eoconfuciusornis
Authors: Pan Yanhong , Zheng Wenxia , Moyer Alison E. , O’Connor Jingmai K. , Wang Min , Zheng Xiaoting , Wang Xiaoli , Schroeter Elena R. , Zhou Zhonghe , Schweitzer Mary H.
Published: November 2016

Significance

We report fossil evidence of feather structural protein (beta-keratin) from a 130-My-old basal bird (
Eoconfuciusornis
) from the famous Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, which has produced many feathered dinosaurs, early birds, and mammals. Multiple independent molecular analyses of both microbodies and associated matrix recovered from the fossil feathers confirm that these microbodies are indeed melanosomes. We use transmission electron microscopy and immunogold to show localized binding of antibodies raised against feather protein to matrix filaments within these ancient feathers. Our work sheds new light on molecular constituents of tissues preserved in fossils.
Restructuring restructuring
Authors: Dobnik Simon , Cooper Robin
Published: November 2016

In some contexts a matrix verb and its non-finite complement each represent independent syntactic and semantic domains but in other cases they represent a single domain, a process known as restructuring. Historically, restructuring has been primarily discussed in the field of syntax through analysis of clustering of clitics, passive formation, scrambling, adverbial modification and scope of negation. We argue that different syntactic configurations also come with distinct semantic interpretations and hence restructuring must be explained at the syntax-semantics interface. We take a fresh look look at restructuring within a semantic theory called Type Theory with Records (TTR) which captures both syntax and semantics of linguistic data, here taken from Slovenian.
The left periphery of Slovenian relative clauses
Authors: Hladnik Marko
Published: November 2016

This paper is concerned with the syntactic structure of relative clauses (RCs). It examines one particular facet of what Slovenian data can contribute to the discussion, and at the same time provides an analysis of the left periphery in Slovenian RCs. Section 2 outlines some key developments in the literature concerning the syntax of restrictive relative clauses, and traces a line of related approaches from Kayne (1994) and Bianchi (1999) to Aoun & Li (2003), arriving at an analysis that I adopt. In Section 3 I then first show that the approach is compatible with and supported by data from Slovenian before providing a more fine-grained analysis of the left periphery, namely ForceP>>IntP>>FocP, where ForceP is responsible for typing the clause and hosting the RC head in its specifier, the IntP layer is the target of whmovement establishing the relative dependency, while FocP is the locus of elements associated with focus.
A relative syntax and semantics for Slovenian
Authors: Mitrovic Moreno
Published: November 2016

This paper entertains a novel, or rather transplanted, morhosyntactic and morphosemantic analysis of Slovenian Free Relative (FR) wh-markers with the signature enclitic -r morpheme. The syntax and semantics of -r marked FRs in Slovenian is set against an empirical observation of seeming morphosyntactic identity of interrogative and relative expressions (qua Caponigro’s generalisation) and is derived from the theoretical model of Chierchia & Caponigro (2013), who derive the syntax and semantics of FRs from interrogatives. In this spirit, we identify the sole derivational diﬀerence between questions and FRs in the temporal ordering, derivational procedure and the choice of two excorporation options within the ﬁne-grained clausal spine (Rizzi, 1997) combined with particular assumptions concerning the narrow syntactic status of head movement (Shimada, 2007). Evidence from Slovenian thus serves to substantiate empirically Chierchia & Caponigro’s (2013) model as the -r morpheme is analysed as an overt realisation of an otherwise stipulated operator. Attention is also given to the post-syntactic processes triggered by the presence of the relativising morpheme, substantiating the proposal, speciﬁcally, and also, more generally, lending support to an anti-lexicalist view of non-atomicity of relative pronouns in Slovenian.
Not two sides of one coin
Authors: Stegovec Adrian
Published: November 2016

The paper re-examines the relation between the Person-Case Constraint (PCC) – a common restriction on the distribution of person features in clusters of weak pronominal elements – and the ban against 1st and 2nd person nominative objects found in Icelandic. The two phenomena have been argued to result from a Case-checking asymmetry that arises when arguments with inherent case asymmetrically c-command arguments with structural case. I present a previously undiscussed PCC pattern found in Slovenian where the person restriction also occurs on dative clitics asymmetrically c-commanded by an accusative object clitic, which I show requires divorcing the PCC from Case-checking. I propose instead that the PCC arises from the feature underspecification of defective pronouns coupled with the local nature of Agree. This also means that the Icelandic restriction, which occurs on strong pronouns, should be seen as a separate phenomenon. I show that this explains better why it is voided by syncretic inflectional morphology.
The effects of two different swimming training periodization on physiological parameters at various exercise intensities
Authors: Clemente‐Suárez Vicente Javier , Dalamitros Athanasios , Ribeiro João , Sousa Ana , Fernandes Ricardo J. , Vilas‐Boas J. Paulo
Published: November 2016

This study analysed the effects of two different periodization strategies on physiological parameters at various exercise intensities in competitive swimmers. Seventeen athletes of both sexes were divided to two groups, the traditional periodization (TPG, n = 7) and the reverse periodization group (RPG, n = 10). Each group followed a 10‐week training period based on the two different periodization strategies. Before and after training, swimming velocity (SV), energy expenditure (EE), energy cost (EC) and percentage of aerobic (%Aer) and anaerobic (%An) energy contribution to the swimming intensities corresponding to the aerobic threshold (AerT), the anaerobic threshold (AnT) and the velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max) were measured. Both groups increased the %An at the AerT and AnT intensity (P ≤ .05). In contrast, at the AnT intensity, EE and EC were only increased in TPG. Complementary, %Aer, %An, EE and EC at vVO2max did not alter in both groups (P > .05); no changes were observed in SV in TPG and RPG at all three intensities. These results indicate that both periodization schemes confer almost analogous adaptations in specific physiological parameters in competitive swimmers. However, given the large difference in the total training volume between the two groups, it is suggested that the implementation of the reverse periodization model is an effective and time‐efficient strategy to improve performance mainly for swimming events where the AnT is an important performance indicator.
Electron cyclotron plasma startup in the GDT experiment
Authors: Yakovlev D.V. , Shalashov A.G. , Gospodchikov E.D. , Solomakhin A.L. , Savkin V.Ya. , Bagryansky P.A.
Published: November 2016

We report on a new plasma startup scenario in the gas dynamic trap (GDT) magnetic mirror device. The primary 5 MW neutral beam injection (NBI) plasma heating system fires into a sufficiently dense plasma target (‘seed plasma’), which is commonly supplied by an arc plasma generator. In the reported experiments, a different approach to seed plasma generation is explored. One of the channels of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) heating system is used to ionize the neutral gas and build up the density of plasma to a level suitable for NBI capture. After a short transition of approximately 1 ms the discharge becomes essentially similar to a standard one initiated by the plasma gun. This paper presents the discharge scenario and experimental data on the seed plasma evolution during ECRH, along with the dependencies on incident microwave power, magnetic configuration and pressure of a neutral gas. The characteristics of the consequent high-power NBI discharge are studied and differences from the conventional scenario are discussed. A theoretical model describing the ECR breakdown and the seed plasma accumulation in a large-scale mirror trap is developed on the basis of the GDT experiment.
Defect guidance in kagome-clad fibers: the role of photonic band gaps and self-similarity of the lattice
Authors: Perez E , Zheltikov A M
Published: November 2016

We examine the influence of the structural self-similarity of the kagome lattice on the defect modes and waveguiding properties of hollow-core kagome-cladding fibers. We show that the guidance of such fibers is influenced by photonic band gaps (PBGs) which appear for a subset of the kagome lattice. Using these insights, we provide design considerations to further decrease loss in kagome-clad fibers.
Mating, paper folding, and an endomorphism of ℙℂ²
Authors: Nekrashevych Volodymyr
Published: November 2016

We are studying topological properties of the Julia set of the map
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper F left-parenthesis z comma p right-parenthesis equals left-parenthesis left-parenthesis StartFraction 2 z Over p plus 1 EndFraction minus 1 right-parenthesis squared comma left-parenthesis StartFraction p minus 1 Over p plus 1 EndFraction right-parenthesis squared right-parenthesis">

F
(
z
,
p
)
=

(

(

2
z

p
+
1

−
1
)

2

,

(

p
−
1

p
+
1

)

2

)

F(z, p)=\left (\left (\frac {2z}{p+1}-1\right )^2, \left (\frac {p-1}{p+1}\right )^2\right )

of the complex projective plane

P

C

2

\mathbb {P}\mathbb {C}^2

to itself. We show a relation between this rational function and an uncountable family of “paper folding” plane filling curves.
Cross-Cultural Romantic Relationships
Authors: Gao Ge
Published: November 2016

Romantic relationships are an essential part of human experience. As the world becomes more integrated, people from different cultural backgrounds and traditions unavoidably meet and fall in love. An understanding of the role that culture plays in how we fall in love and stay in love is not only relevant, but also necessary in promoting healthy development of romantic relationships. Cross-cultural romantic relationships refer to romantic relationships across national boundaries, such as romantic relationships in China and the United States.
Economic Conditions and Public Opinion on Climate Change
Authors: Benegal Salil , Scruggs Lyle
Published: November 2016

How do economic conditions affect public opinion about climate change? Since the early days of the modern environmental movement, people have debated three main perspectives on how economic conditions impact environmental attitudes. The post-materialism perspective suggests that social and individual affluence leads to increasing concern and demands for action on climate change through long-run cultural change. A second view suggests that attitudes about climate change are shaped largely independently of economic conditions and reflect the emergence of a new environmental paradigm. A third view, associated with ecological modernization theory, suggests that attitudes about climate change are shaped in important ways by short-term economic factors, such as economic self-interest, and are likely to vary among citizens over time. While all of these perspectives have merit, we emphasize the impact of macroeconomic risk and business cycle fluctuations in shaping public attitudes toward climate change and more general aspects of environmental policy. Rising unemployment rates, for example, tend to be associated with declines in concern about environmental problems. This is a trend that is repeated across more than four decades and multiple recessions and recoveries dating back to the 1970s.

Although it is obviously a more recently recognized environmental problem, public attitudes about climate change are also affected considerably by short-run economic conditions. This fact can influence the possibilities for policy reform. Through a process of motivated reasoning, in which immediate concerns and preferences to address economic risk lead individuals to adjust other attitudes about the environment, public concerns about climate change have ebbed and flowed with the business cycle. Other economic factors—such as societal affluence, personal employment status, or income—have more limited effects on attitudes about climate change, at least in most developed countries.

The impact of economic risk on public attitudes about climate change has important implications for policy reform in democratic societies, because public support matters. While partisanship and ideology are frequently cited as explanations for fluctuating public opinion about climate change, macroeconomic risk offers a complementary explanation, which suggests that the framing and timing of environmental policy initiatives is as important as ideological acceptability. Positioning environmental actions or initiatives in better economic conditions, emphasizing immediate economic benefits, and countering unwarranted beliefs about personal costs, especially during challenging economic circumstances, should improve the prospects for efforts to address climate change.
Communicating about Climate Change with Policymakers
Authors: Mukherjee Ishani , Howlett Michael
Published: November 2016

Policy communication and the resulting influence that information has on policy decision-makers is an especially pertinent topic when it comes to problems of climate change. Notorious for its complexity, uncertainty, and divergence of viewpoints, climate change has earned the title of being the major “wicked” or “super-wicked” problem of our times. A proliferation of expertise, interests, and capacities mark the climate change policymaking landscape and this density of players warrants an advanced framework to understand the ways in which the variety of climate-pertinent knowledge is communicated to policymakers. Moving beyond undifferentiated “two-communities” models of knowledge utilization in policymaking which limit the discussion to the bilateral interactions between knowledge experts or “producers” and information “consumers” of the public sector, this article explores the concept of a policy advisory system, which embodies the different sets of influence that various policy actors can have during policy decision-making and how communication between and among actors is a significant aspect of climate change policymaking. The concept of policy advisory systems is an important new development in the policy studies literature and one that is analytically very applicable to climate policy contexts. Suitably generalizable across representative policy settings, policy advisory systems are comprised of distinct groups of actors who are engaged in the definition of policy problems, the articulation of policy solutions, or the matching of policy problems to solutions. We explore how individual members of these separate sets of actors—namely the epistemic community, which is occupied in discourses about policy problems; the instrument constituencies which define policy instruments; and the advocacy coalitions which compete to have their choice of policy alternatives adopted—interact and communicate with policymakers across climate change policy activities.
Climate, History, and Social Change in Sweden and the Baltic Sea Area From About 1700
Authors: Lilja Sven
Published: November 2016

The growing concern about global warming has turned focus in Sweden and other Baltic countries toward the connection between history and climate. Important steps have been taken in the scientific reconstruction of climatic parables. Historic climate data have been published and analyzed, and various proxy data have been used to reconstruct historic climate curves. The results have revealed an ongoing regional warming from the late 17th to the early 21st century. The development was not continuous, however, but went on in a sequence of warmer and colder phases.

Within the fields of history and socially oriented climate research, the industrial revolution has often been seen as a watershed between an older and a younger climate regime. The breakthrough of the industrial society was a major social change with the power to influence climate. Before this turning point, man and society were climate dependent. Weather and short-term climate fluctuations had major impacts on agrarian culture. When the crops failed several years in sequence, starvation and excess mortality followed. As late as 1867–1869, northern Sweden and Finland were struck by starvation due to massive crop failures.

Although economic activities in the agricultural sector had climatic effects before the industrial society, when industrialization took off in Sweden in the 1880s it brought an end to the large-scale starvations, but also the start of an economic development that began to affect the atmosphere in a new and broader way. The industrial society, with its population growth and urbanization, created climate effects. Originally, however, the industrial outlets were not seen as problems. In the 18th century, it was thought that agricultural cultivation could improve the climate, and several decades after the industrial take-off there still was no environmental discourse in the Swedish debate. On the contrary, many leading debaters and politicians saw the tall chimneys, cars, and airplanes as hopeful signs in the sky. It was not until the late 1960s that the international environmental discourse reached Sweden. The modern climate debate started to make its imprints as late as the 1990s.

During the last two decades, the Swedish temperature curve has unambiguously turned upwards. Thus, parallel to the international debate, the climate issue has entered the political agenda in Sweden and the other Nordic countries. The latest development has created a broad political consensus in favor of ambitious climate goals, and the people have gradually started to adapt their consumption and lifestyles to the new prerequisites.Although historic climate research in Sweden has had a remarkable expansion in the last decades, it still leans too much on its climate change leg. The clear connection between the climate fluctuations during the last 300 years and the major social changes that took place in these centuries needs to be further studied.
Cognitive Approaches to Foreign Policy Analysis
Authors: Rapport Aaron
Published: November 2016

Cognitive theory encompasses mental activities such as the observation of different stimuli in an environment; the memorization and recall of information; pattern recognition and problem representation; and complex activities like social judgments, analytic reasoning, and learning. Cognitive psychology also highlights the constraints that prevent individuals from acting as utility-maximizing, fully rational decision-makers. These constraints lead people to rely on a regularly occurring set of cognitive mechanisms to simplify the decision-making process.

Scholars of foreign policy have drawn from several prominent areas of cognitive psychology to inform their research. One such area looks at the beliefs and belief systems that are the building blocks for most judgments. Researchers have also examined how actors use cognitive biases and heuristics to cope with uncertainty, which is abundant in foreign policy settings. An important set of cognitive mechanisms examined in Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) relates to judgments about policy risks and costs. Factors that facilitate and inhibit learning are crucial for understanding the conditions under which such judgments may improve over time. No cognitive process operates in a vacuum; instead these processes are moderated by an individual’s group context and emotions.

There are several challenges in applying cognitive theory to FPA. Such theories are biased toward populations that are Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic. They are usually first tested using controlled experiments that measure group-level differences; whereas FPA scholars are often interested in the cognitive processes of individual leaders operating in chaotic environments. Individual-level psychological mechanisms may augment or offset one another, as well as interact with variables at the governmental, societal, and international levels of analysis in unpredictable ways. In light of these challenges, FPA scholars who employ cognitive psychology may wish to conceive of their enterprise as a historical science rather than a predictive one.
Diplomacy in Foreign Policy
Authors: Weisbrode Kenneth
Published: November 2016

Diplomacy’s role in foreign policy is hampered by multiple understandings of what diplomacy is and does. A broad definition of diplomacy holds that it encompasses more than the promotion of peaceful international relations. Instead, it applies to the sum of those relations—peaceful, hostile, and everything in between. Thus, foreign relations—so long as they involve the interests, direction, and actions of a sovereign power—may be regarded as being synonymous with diplomatic relations, whereby foreign policy relates to the theory and practice of setting diplomatic priorities; planning for contingencies; advancing strategic, operational, and tactical diplomatic aims; and adjusting those aims to domestic and foreign constraints. This conception of diplomacy is functional: it emphasizes the roles of diplomats and recognizes that many other people perform these roles besides official envoys; and it illustrates that diplomatic settings—and the means, methods, and tools of diplomacy—undergo continuous change. The basic mediating purpose of diplomacy, however, has endured, as has much of its institutional apparatus—embassies, ambassadors, treaties, and so on. This is likely to remain the case so long as there are multiple polities in the world, all having to relate to one another.
Moral and Character Education
Authors: Walker David Ian , Thoma Stephen J.
Published: November 2016

At core, moral and character education aims to develop the moral person. How this end state develops has been hindered by interest from different theoretical positions, differences between practitioners and theoreticians, different assumptions about how far character is educable, and associated measurement problems. Traditionally, moral education is concerned with the interpretation and strategies one uses to understand moral phenomenon and defines the moral person as a predominantly thinking entity, whereas character education emphasizes the development of habits and dispositions as a precondition for the moral person. Current interest is in finding commonalities across these traditions towards the achievement of human flourishing. These points of intersection have often been overlooked, but current work is demonstrating the importance of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches for practitioners, researchers and policymakers.
Active Listening, Music Education, and Society
Authors: Mamlok Dan
Published: November 2016

A common definition of listening distinguishes between hearing and listening. The basic distinction describes hearing as a passive action of perceiving sounds, whereas listening involves paying active attention to various layers and elements of what one is hearing. Active listening to music, featuring the discerning of sounds, musical structures, harmonies, and the interrelations between the sounds, is akin to contemplating complex ideas. Providing meaning for this nexus of relationships requires listeners to grapple with these complex musical nuances, listening to different layers of the melody and harmony and connecting them to cultural and historical aspects. Challenging students to grapple with the complex nuances of musical pieces, to listen to different layers of the melody and harmony, and to connect those elements to cultural and historical aspects will provide them the opportunity to reflect upon the social and cultural contexts in which they live. The concept of what it means to be active (or mindful) has been examined from various perspectives and theories and holds great potential in advancing individual growth and social sensitivity.