bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Urea Spray on Boll Shell Insecticidal Protein Content in Bt Cotton
Authors: Zhou Mingyuan , Liu Zhenyu , Li Linan , Chen Yuan , Zhang Xiang , Chen Yuan , Chen Dehua
Published: May 2021

Reproductive organs of Bacillus thuringiensis transgenic cotton, which contribute to cotton final yield, have low insect resistant efficacy, so it is important to improve their insect resistance. This study was conducted to find out the impact of different urea spray doses on the expression of Cry1A protein in boll shell of Bt cotton (Sikang 1 and Sikang 3), and nitrogen metabolism in this process was also studied to uncover the physiological mechanism. The experiment with six urea doses was organized during peak boll stage in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that urea spray could significantly increase boll shell insecticidal protein contents in both cultivars, with the highest Bt protein content observed at 28–32 kg ha−1 urea dose. In addition, urea spray increased the contents of soluble protein and free amino acid and the activities of GS, GOGAT, GOT, and GPT, but decreased the activities of peptidase and protease in boll shell. Correlation analysis showed that the amount of boll shell Bt protein was positively correlated with levels of soluble protein and amino acid, and activities of GS, GOGAT, GOT, and GPT, but negatively correlated with peptidase and protease activities. Thus, this study demonstrated that higher protein synthesis ability and lower proteolysis ability were related to increased Bt protein content in urea-sprayed boll shell.
Self-Interested Framed and Prosocially Framed Messaging Can Equally Promote COVID-19 Prevention Intention: A Replication and Extension of Jordan et al.’s Study (2020) in the Japanese Context
Authors: Miyajima Takeru , Murakami Fumio
Published: May 2021

How can we effectively promote the public’s prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection? Jordan et al. (2020) found with United States samples that emphasizing either self-interest or collective-interest of prevention behaviors could promote the public’s prevention intention. Moreover, prosocially framed messaging was more effective in motivating prevention intention than self-interested messaging. A dual consideration of both cultural psychology and the literature on personalized matching suggests the findings of Jordan et al. (2020) are counterintuitive, because persuasion is most effective when the frame of the message delivered and the recipient of the message are culturally congruent. In order to better understand the potential influence of culture, the current research aimed to replicate and extend Jordan et al. (2020) findings in the Japanese context. Specifically, we examined the question (1) whether the relative effectiveness of the prosocial appeal is culturally universal and robust, (2) which types of ‘others’ especially promote prevention intention, and (3) which psychological mechanisms can explain the impact of messaging on prevention intention. In Study 1 (N = 1,583), we confirmed that self-interested framed, prosocially framed, and the combination of both types of messaging were equally effective in motivating prevention intention. In Study 2 (N = 1,686), we found that family-framed messaging also had a promoting effect similar to that from self-interested and prosocial appeals. However, the relative advantage of prosocial appeals was not observed. Further, a psychological propensity relevant to sensitivity to social rejection did not moderate the impact of messaging on prevention intention in both studies. These results suggest that since engaging in the infection control itself was regarded as critical by citizens after public awareness of COVID-19 prevention has been sufficiently heightened, for whom we should act might not have mattered. Further, concerns for social rejection might have had less impact on the prevention intentions under these circumstances. These results suggest that the relative advantage of a prosocial appeal might not be either culturally universal or prominent in a collectivistic culture. Instead, they suggest that the advantages of such an appeal depends on the more dynamic influence of COVID-19 infection.
Effectiveness of Mobile App-Based Psychological Interventions for College Students: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Oliveira Carla , Pereira Anabela , Vagos Paula , Nóbrega Catarina , Gonçalves José , Afonso Beatriz
Published: May 2021

Serious mental health disorders are increasing among college students and university counseling services are often overburdened. Mobile applications for mental health have been growing exponentially in the last decade and they are emerging in university settings as a promising tool to promote and intervene in college students' mental health. Additionally, considering the recent covid-19 pandemic, mHealth interventions, due to its nature and possibilities, may play an important role in these institutions. Our main objectives are to explore mhealth interventions in universities, regarding its conceptual framework, acceptability and efficacy outcomes and understand its impact and contributions to address treatment delivery and psychological difficulties resulting from covid-19 pandemic. The literature search was conducted in scientific databases, namely, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Scopus. A search in app stores was not conducted, thus regarding commercially available apps, only those found in our database search were included in our review. We selected studies with mobile applications addressing psychological interventions for college students. A total of 2,158 participants were included in the 8 selected studies and most interventions were delivered through mobile apps only and based in cognitive behavioral therapy. Results suggested that college students accept and adhere to these interventions and preliminary evidence of efficacy was demonstrated in different disorders, such as stress, anxiety, depression and risky behaviors such as alcohol and tobacco abuse and sexual knowledge. We conclude that universities, particularly college counseling services, may benefit from mhealth interventions, not only to address college students' mental health but to decrease some of its difficulties related to lack of human resources. Specifically in covid-19 pandemic context, these interventions may contribute significantly by promoting and delivering psychological interventions at a safe distance.
Communication Across Maternal Social Networks During England’s First National Lockdown and Its Association With Postnatal Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Myers Sarah , Emmott Emily H.
Published: May 2021

Postnatal/postpartum depression (PND/PPD) had a pre-COVID-19 estimated prevalence ranging up to 23% in Europe, 33% in Australia, and 64% in America, and is detrimental to both mothers and their infants. Low social support is a key risk factor for developing PND. From an evolutionary perspective this is perhaps unsurprising, as humans evolved as cooperative childrearers, inherently reliant on social support to raise children. The coronavirus pandemic has created a situation in which support from social networks beyond the nuclear family is likely to be even more important to new mothers, as it poses risks and stresses for mothers to contend with; whilst at the same time, social distancing measures designed to limit transmission create unprecedented alterations to their access to such support. Using data from 162 mothers living in London with infants aged ≤6 months, we explore how communication with members of a mother’s social network related to her experience of postnatal depressive symptoms during the first “lockdown” in England. Levels of depressive symptoms, as assessed via the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, were high, with 47.5% of the participants meeting a ≥11 cut-off for PND. Quasi-Poisson regression modelling found that the number of network members seen in-person, and remote communication with a higher proportion of those not seen, was negatively associated with depressive symptoms; however, contact with a higher proportion of relatives was positively associated with symptoms, suggesting kin risked seeing mothers in need. Thematic qualitative analysis of open text responses found that mothers experienced a burden of constant mothering, inadequacy of virtual contact, and sadness and worries about lost social opportunities, while support from partners facilitated family bonding. While Western childrearing norms focus on intensive parenting, and fathers are key caregivers, our results highlight that it still “takes a village” to raise children in high-income populations and mothers are struggling in its absence.
Musical Training in the Development of Empathy and Prosocial Behaviors
Authors: Wu Xiao , Lu Xuejing
Published: May 2021

Music not only regulates mood but also promotes the development and maintenance of empathy and social understanding. Since empathy is crucial for well-being and indispensable in social life, it is necessary to develop strategies to improve empathy and prosocial behaviors. To fulfill this aim, researchers have extensively investigated the effect of intensive musical training on the development of empathy. Here, we first summarize evidence showing the powerful influence of musical training on the development of empathy and then discuss psychological mechanisms responsible for those observations. The conclusions drawn from most previous studies were mainly based on behavioral measurements, while the neural basis of musical training in the development of the empathic brain is still unclear. Fortunately, brain imaging research has contributed greatly to our understanding of the neural underpinnings associated with musical training and its possible connection to the development of the empathic brain. One of the most distinctive signatures of musical training is structural and functional changes of multiple brain regions, and such changes might be related to some of the empathic behaviors observed in musically trained children. Therefore, intensive musical training in childhood may increase levels of empathy, and applied research is required to optimize the training strategy before implementing music education in empathy regulation. Moreover, future longitudinal studies are needed to better understand neural mechanisms underlying the causal effect of musical training on empathy development. These findings have important implications for understanding the development of the empathic brain and for improving prosocial behaviors.
Depression From a Precision Mental Health Perspective: Utilizing Personalized Conceptualizations to Guide Personalized Treatments
Authors: Deif Reem , Salama Mohamed
Published: May 2021

Modern research has proven that the “typical patient” requiring standardized treatments does not exist, reflecting the need for more personalized approaches for managing individual clinical profiles rather than broad diagnoses. In this regard, precision psychiatry has emerged focusing on enhancing prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of psychiatric disorders through identifying clinical subgroups, suggesting personalized evidence-based interventions, assessing the effectiveness of different interventions, and identifying risk and protective factors for remission, relapse, and vulnerability. Literature shows that recent advances in the field of precision psychiatry are rapidly becoming more data-driven reflecting both the significance and the continuous need for translational research in mental health. Different etiologies underlying depression have been theorized and some factors have been identified including neural circuitry, biotypes, biopsychosocial markers, genetics, and metabolomics which have shown to explain individual differences in pathology and response to treatment. Although the precision approach may prove to enhance diagnosis and treatment decisions, major challenges are hindering its clinical translation. These include the clinical diversity of psychiatric disorders, the technical complexity and costs of multiomics data, and the need for specialized training in precision health for healthcare staff, besides ethical concerns such as protecting the privacy and security of patients' data and maintaining health equity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent findings in the conceptualization and treatment of depression from a precision mental health perspective and to discuss potential challenges and future directions in the application of precision psychiatry for the treatment of depression.
Assessing Intertemporal Socioeconomic Inequalities in Alcohol Consumption in South Africa
Authors: Fontes Marx Mayara , London Leslie , Harker Nadine , Ataguba John E.
Published: May 2021

Background: This paper assesses changes in the socioeconomic inequality in alcohol consumption by exploring whether alcohol consumption (current and binge drinkers) is more prevalent among the wealthier (pro-rich) or poorer (pro-poor) group over time.

Methods: Data come from the 2008, 2010/11, 2012, and 2014/15 waves of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS). Various equity stratifiers (sex, age, race, and rural/urban) are used to analyze the prevalence of alcohol consumption and to investigate differences in socioeconomic inequalities. Changes in socioeconomic inequality in alcohol consumption between 2008 and 2014/15 were also assessed using the concentration index.

Results: Current drinkers were more concentrated among richer South Africans, while binge drinkers were concentrated among the poorer population. For current drinkers, irrespective of sex, race, age, and urban, socioeconomic inequality in alcohol consumption had become less pro-rich between 2008 and 2014/15; while inequality in binge drinking, outside of the Asian/Indian and rural categories, had become less pro-poor between 2008 and 2014/15.

Conclusion: The results show evidence that binge drinking is a bigger problem among those of low-SES, young individuals, male and African populations. This paper concludes that the SA government should continue to push forward policies aiming to reduce the prevalence of binge drinking.
Predicting Progression of COVID-19 Infection to Prioritize Medical Resource Allocation: A Novel Triage Model Based on Patient Characteristics and Symptoms at Presentation
Authors: Tu Yuexing , Zhou Xianlong , Shao Lina , Zheng Jiayin , Wang Jiafeng , Wang Yixin , Tong Weiwei , Wang Mingshan , Wu Jia , Zhu Junpeng , Yan Rong , Ji Yemin , Chen Legao , Zhu Di , Wang Huafang , Chen Sheng , Liu Renyang , Lin Jingyang , Zhang Jun , Huang Haijun , Zhao Yan , Ge Minghua
Published: May 2021

Background: The COVID-19 global pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to health care systems all over the world. The speed of the viral spread results in a tsunami of patients, which begs for a reliable screening tool using readily available data to predict disease progression.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective cohort study was performed to develop and validate a triage model. Patient demographic and non-laboratory clinical data were recorded. Using only the data from Zhongnan Hospital, step-wise multivariable logistic regression was performed, and a prognostic nomogram was constructed based on the independent variables identifies. The discrimination and calibration of the model were validated. External independent validation was performed to further address the utility of this model using data from Jinyintan Hospital.

Results: A total of 716 confirmed COVID-19 cases from Zhongnan Hospital were included for model construction. Men, increased age, fever, hypertension, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, dyspnea, cough, and myalgia are independent risk factors for disease progression. External independent validation was carried out in a cohort with 201 cases from Jinyintan Hospital. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.787 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.747–0.827) in the training group and 0.704 (95% CI: 0.632–0.777) in the validation group.

Conclusions: We developed a novel triage model based on basic and clinical data. Our model could be used as a pragmatic screening aid to allow for cost efficient screening to be carried out such as over the phone, which may reduce disease propagation through limiting unnecessary contact. This may help allocation of limited medical resources.
“One Health” Approach for Health Innovation and Active Aging in Campania (Italy)
Authors: De Luca Vincenzo , Tramontano Giovanni , Riccio Luigi , Trama Ugo , Buono Pietro , Losasso Mario , Bracale Umberto Marcello , Annuzzi Giovanni , Zampetti Rosa , Cacciatore Francesco , Vallefuoco Giannamaria , Lombardi Alberto , Marro Anna , Melone Mariarosa Anna Beatrice , Ponsiglione Cristina , Chiusano Maria Luisa , Bracale Giancarlo , Cafiero Gaetano , Crudeli Aurelio , Vecchione Carmine , Taglialatela Maurizio , Tramontano Donatella , Iaccarino Guido , Triassi Maria , Roller-Wirnsberger Regina , Bousquet Jean , Illario Maddalena
Published: May 2021

This article describes how innovations are exploited in Campania (Italy) to improve health outcomes, quality of life, and sustainability of social and healthcare services. Campania's strategy for digitalization of health and care and for healthy aging is based on a person-centered, life-course, “One Health” approach, where demographic change is considered capable of stimulating a growth dynamic linked to the opportunities of combining the “Silver Economy” with local assets and the specific health needs of the population. The end-users (citizens, patients, and professionals) contribute to the co-creation of products and services, being involved in the identification of unmet needs and test-bed activity. The Campania Reference Site of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Aging is a flexible regional ecosystem to address the challenge of an aging population with a life-course approach. The good practices, developed in the context of research and innovation projects and innovative procurements by local stakeholders and collaborations with international networks, have been allowing the transfer of innovative solutions, knowledge, and skills to the stakeholders of such a multi-sectoral ecosystem for health.
The Mental Health Impact of 2019-nCOVID on Healthcare Workers From North-Eastern Piedmont, Italy. Focus on Burnout
Authors: Gramaglia Carla , Marangon Debora , Azzolina Danila , Guerriero Chiara , Lorenzini Luca , Probo Manuela , Rudoni Marco , Gambaro Eleonora , Zeppegno Patrizia
Published: May 2021

The 2019-nCOVID pandemic as a public health emergency has faced healthcare systems with unprecedented challenges. Our study aimed to focus on the mental health impact of the 2019-nCOVID pandemic on healthcare workers (HCWs) from North-Eastern Piedmont, Italy. For this purpose, we performed an online survey which was e-mailed to HCWs at the end of the first peak of the pandemic. We involved both frontline and not-frontline HCWs, employed in the hospital or in healthcare services outside the hospital. The primary outcome of our research was the assessment of burnout, while secondary outcomes included the investigation of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. We observed higher levels of burnout (especially in the Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment dimensions), in females, in HCWs aged <30 years, in those exposed to changes in their daily and family habits, in those who had to change their duties at work and in residents in training. In our HCWs sample we found lower levels of anxiety and depression than those reported in the literature. The problematic levels of burnout and adverse psychological outcomes observed during the pandemic cannot be underestimated. Given the recurrence in autumn 2020 of a new pandemic peak, which has once again put a strain on the health system and HCWs, it is supported the importance of a careful assessment of HCWs' mental health, and of the possible risk and protective factors both in the work environment and in the extra-work one.
Forecasting Quoted Depth With the Limit Order Book
Authors: Libman Daniel , Haber Simi , Schaps Mary
Published: May 2021

Liquidity plays a vital role in the financial markets, affecting a myriad of factors including stock prices, returns, and risk. In the stock market, liquidity is usually measured through the order book, which captures the orders placed by traders to buy and sell stocks at different price points. The introduction of electronic trading systems in recent years made the deeper layers of the order book more accessible to traders and thus of greater interest to researchers. This paper examines the efficacy of leveraging the deeper layers of the order book when forecasting quoted depth—a measure of liquidity—on a per-minute basis. Using Deep Feed Forward Neural Networks, we show that the deeper layers do provide additional information compared to the upper layers alone.
Gender Differences in Psychosocial Predictors of Sexual Activity and HIV Testing Among Youth in Kenya
Authors: Chenneville Tiffany , Drake Hunter
Published: May 2021

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) carries a disproportionate burden of HIV in the world relative to its population. Youth are at particular risk. Understanding HIV risk factors, as well as factors affecting HIV testing among SSA youth, is important given that HIV testing, linkage to care, and viral suppression are part of the global strategy to end HIV. Because young women face disparate sexual and reproductive health outcomes, exploring gender differences related to HIV risk, and testing is vital. Using existing program evaluation data from a larger project, the purpose of this study was to explore gender differences related to sexual activity and HIV testing among youth in SSA. Participant data from 581 youth ages 13–24 in Kenya was analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance, and binomial logistic regression. Findings revealed that young men were more likely to report sexual activity than young women. Age was a predictor of sexual activity for all youth. However, among psychosocial variables, depression predicted sexual activity for young women while stress predicted sexual activity for young men. Although there were no gender differences in HIV testing after controlling for demographic and psychosocial variables, there were some differences between young women and young men with regard to predictors of HIV testing. Age and full-time self-employment predicted HIV testing among young women, while part-time self-employment, education, and substance abuse risk predicted HIV testing among young men. Findings suggest a need for gender and youth friendly strategies for addressing the HIV treatment cascade and care continuum.
The Effect of Fermentation of High- or Low-Tannin Fava Bean on Glucose Tolerance, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Function, and Blood Parameters in Dogs After 7 Days of Feeding: Comparison With Commercial Diets With Normal vs. High Protein
Authors: Reis Luciana G. , Morris Tressa , Quilliam Chloe , Rodrigues Lucas A. , Loewen Mathew E. , Weber Lynn P.
Published: May 2021

Fava bean, which is available in high- and low-tannin varieties, is not an approved pet food ingredient and was not included in the “assumed to be safe” category based on its ability to cause favism and hemolytic anemia in susceptible humans. The effects of 7-day feeding of test canine diets containing moderate protein (~27%) were compared with two control commercial diets with normal (NP, grain-containing, ~25% protein) or high protein (HP, grain-free, ~41% protein). Fava bean diets were formulated either with or withoutCandida utilisfermentation processing to reduce antinutritional factors. Glucose tolerance, body weight, cardiovascular function, and blood parameters were investigated in beagles fed the NP or HP diets or a randomized, crossover, 2 × 2 Latin square design of the fava bean diets: unfermented high-tannin (UF-HT), fermented high-tannin (FM-HT), unfermented low-tannin (UF-LT), and fermented low-tannin (FM-LT). After 7 days, HP decreased red blood cells (RBC) (P< 0.05) compared with NP, while FM increased RBC compared with UF. HP increased blood bicarbonate, calcium, phosphorus, urea, cholesterol, and albumin:globulin ratio while decreasing bilirubin, liver enzymes, and total protein. Sodium:potassium ratio was increased in UF-HT, decreased in FM-HT, and intermediate in LT regardless of fermentation. Blood phosphorus was increased in HT. Blood amylase was increased in FM-HT and decreased in FM-LT, being intermediate in UF regardless of fava bean variety. Blood direct bilirubin was decreased in HT regardless of fermentation. Of note, left ventricular end-systolic volume and cardiac output were increased in NP compared with HP-fed dogs, but were normal and had no significant differences among the fava bean diets. As expected, plasma taurine, cystine, and cysteine levels were increased in HP- compared with NP-fed dogs. Plasma cysteine levels were increased in HT- compared with LT-fed dogs and in FM- compared with UF-fed dogs. Taken together, these results show that fava bean appears to be safe as a dog food ingredient at least in the short term, and its nutritional value appears improved by fermentation. Moreover, blood chemistry parameters and cardiovascular function were impacted by protein content which merits further investigation with longer term feeding trials.
Safety, Tolerability, and Proof-Of-Concept Study of OKV-119, a Novel Exenatide Long-Term Drug Delivery System, in Healthy Cats
Authors: Klotsman Michael , Adin Christopher A. , Anderson Wayne H. , Gilor Chen
Published: May 2021

Background:Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and food intake. In people, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity; however, non-adherence to injectable medications is common. OKV-119 is an investigational drug delivery system intended for subdermal implantation and delivery of the GLP-1RA exenatide for up to 6 months.

Hypothesis/Objectives:Develop protocols for the subcutaneous (SC) insertion and removal of OKV-119 and to evaluate its tolerability,in vivodrug-releasing characteristics, and weight-loss effects in cats.

Animals:Two cadaveric and 19 purpose-bred cats.

Methods:In cadavers, OKV-119 insertion protocol and imaging were performed at three SC locations. The safety and tolerability of OKV-119 implants were assessed in a small (n= 4 cats) 62-day study. Weekly plasma exenatide concentrations and body weight were measured in a 42-day proof-of-concept study designed to evaluate OKV-119 prototypes implanted in cats (n= 15).

Results:In anesthetized cats, the duration of insertion and removal procedures was 1–2 min. OKV-119 was easily identified on radiographs, and well-tolerated without any apparent implant site reactions. Following implantation, exanatide plasma concentrations were observed for up to 35 days. Plasma exenatide concentrations were correlated to weight loss.

Conclusion and clinical importance:Our findings suggest that OKV-119 could be easily inserted and removed during a routine clinic visit and can be used to safely and effectively deliver exenatide. Future studies of OKV-119, configured to release exenatide for a longer extended months-long duration, are warranted to determine whether the combination of metabolic improvements and beneficial weight-loss, coupled with minimal impact on pet-owner's lifestyle, lead to improved outcomes for obese cats and feline DM patients.
Intención de Compra de Servicios de alojamiento a través de Redes Sociales: Aplicación del Modelo de Aceptación Tecnológica
Authors: Manosalvas Vaca Carlos Aníbal , Paredes Andrade Yolanda Lorena
Published: May 2021

Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación han generado una gran influencia en los ámbitos empresariales, así como en el comportamiento de los consumidores. Específicamente en el sector turístico, los clientes tienen la posibilidad de acceder a gran cantidad de oferta de servicios lo cual obliga a las empresas a identificar los factores a través de los cuales pueden captar y mantener la atención y comunicación con el cliente con el propósito de incrementar las ventas de sus servicios. Con base en esto, en esta investigación se analizó si la utilidad percibida y la facilidad de uso percibida, que son componentes del modelo de aceptación tecnológico, influyen en la intención de compra de servicios de alojamiento a través de sitios de redes sociales. La investigación aplicada a una muestra de 382 turistas, aplicando un enfoque cuantitativo haciendo uso de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), se evidenció que únicamente la facilidad de uso percibida influye en la intención de compra online de servicios de alojamiento. Los resultados permiten concluir que es necesario poner más énfasis en los aspectos hedónicos de estas plataformas virtuales.
El aprendizaje cooperativo y sus implicancias en el proceso educativo del siglo XXI
Authors: Medina Bustamante Silvia Maritza
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo analiza el aprendizaje cooperativo en estudiantes de educación básica y sus beneficios para mejorar los procesos en el aula y el rendimiento escolar. Se basa en la revisión sistemática de investigaciones con estudiantes de los niveles inicial, primaria y secundaria, resaltando su ventaja frente a los modelos individualistas y competitivos que se utilizan tradicionalmente. La información ha sido tomada de artículos científicos publicados en revistas indexadas en bases de datos como Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet y Google Académico, publicados en los últimos diez años; para la elegibilidad de los artículos y su posterior análisis se aplicó el protocolo Prisma. Los estudios muestran que la dinámica de cooperación entre los estudiantes desarrolla aprendizajes significativos, debido al tránsito de un estado de inactividad y postura receptiva hacia la construcción de sus conocimientos, interactuando con sus pares, con autonomía, liderazgo, autorregulación, respeto y tolerancia; además de ciudadanos responsables, promotores de una cultura de integración y de paz para el bien común. Los docentes se basan en las teorías socioconstructivistas, planifican y desarrollan sus actividades con elementos de cooperación; son los mediadores que organizan y orientan el proceso de los aprendizajes.
Influencia de las estrategias heurísticas en el aprendizaje de la matemática
Authors: Medina Pérez Víctor Hugo , Pérez Azahuanche Manuel Angel
Published: May 2021

El estudio tuvo como finalidad determinar que las Estrategias heurísticas influyen en el Aprendizaje de la matemática en estudiantes de educación secundaria. Presenta un enfoque cuantitativo y diseño correlacional causal. Se desarrolló en 85 estudiantes a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario y una prueba objetiva para identificar los niveles de ambas variables. Se basó en la esquematización y acciones de los estudiantes para investigar, organizar, sistematizar y analizar información, y comprender e interpretar el mundo que los rodea, usando métodos para resolver diferentes situaciones. Entre los hallazgos se obtuvieron un Rho Spearman de 0,915** que refiere a una correlación positiva muy alta y un Tau-b Kendall alta de 0,847. Se concluye que las Estrategias heurísticas facilitan la búsqueda de solución de problemas en el Aprendizaje de la matemática, conducen a decisiones precisas, con métodos que favorece a la reflexión. Finalmente, este artículo contribuye en el aspecto científico al conocer que mediante las Estrategias heurísticas promueven al Aprendizaje de la matemática.
KAROL B. JANOWSKI, Kultura polityczna Polaków. Między integracją a konfliktem
Authors: Rawski Tomasz
Published: May 2021

The analysis of the issue of political culture shows the spectrum of the functioning of society. In Poland, the process of changing the political culture has been visible since 1989. The perspective of integration and conflict shows the dynamics of social changes in Poland after 1989. Review of Karol B. Janowski book is a set of subjective assessments by the author. The ratings relate to the reading experience. The assessments were supplemented with comments on the occurrences that Karol B. Janowski treats as crucial for Polish political culture.
OFER FRIEDMAN, Russian ‘Hybrid Warfare’: Resurgence and Politicisation
Authors: Hayrapetyan Lilit
Published: May 2021

The book review is dedicated to a work that tackles one of the trendiest concepts of recent times. The book concentrates on the conceptualization of the notion of hybrid war and its perception on both sides of the Atlantic. The declared goal of the book was to investigate how political forces have shaped conceptual thinking between the West and Russia and explain the reasons for mutual criminations. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods the author examined large amounts of literature and took an exploratory approach to dig into categorical data from both American and Russian thinkers’ works then compared the conceptual usage of them.
La revelación del incesto y del abuso sexual
Authors: Barudy Jorge
Published: May 2021

El autor describe la experiencia terapéutica de su grupo de trabajo en relación al abuso sexual según el modelo sistémico. Describe la figura del adulto abusador: casi siempre el abusador es un abusado que abusa, justifica o mistifica el abuso porque se halla convencido de que su visión del mundo es la de la realidad objetiva y que sus comportamientos son coherentes con esta realidad. El autor identifica tres tipos de organización de los sistemas familiares abusadores que coresponden a diversos sistemas de creencias. Subraya la importancia de una intervención comunitaria para movilizar los recursos de los diversos sistemas humanos que rodean a la familia y al niño abusador. Continúa siendo difícil encontrar el modo de entrar en contacto con el sistema abusador porque excluye la posibilidad del diálogo.
Psicoterapia de género: Entrevista a Victoria Sau Sánchez
Authors: Lloret Ayter Imma , García Mas Montserrat
Published: May 2021

En esta entrevista se habla sobre las aportaciones de la psicoterapia de género, desde la cual se han elaborado significativas y originales aportaciones teóricas al conocimiento psicológico de las relaciones interpersonales. Uno de los postulados de la entrevistada es “el instinto maternal no existe” Su objetivo es desarticular mitos y creencias entre los hombres y mujeres.
El abuso sexual de menores
Authors: De Leo Gaetano , Cuzzocrea Vera , Di Tullio Stella , Lepri Gian Luigi
Published: May 2021

Este artículo se centra sobre el abuso sexual con niños. Presenta, en primer lugar, un análisis retrospectivo de la literatura sobre este tema, cuya finalidad es definir, desde diferentes puntos de vista, el abuso sexual de menores. El enfoque teórico más reciente sobre el abuso sexual de menores considera el abuso sexual de menores como una “patología infantil” y una disfunción comunicativa del sistema de la víctima y del abusador sexual. De este modo el tratamiento de la víctima deberá necesariamente relacionarse con una intervención dirigida a prevenir o reducir el riesgo futuro de recaídas.
Protocolo de transcripción para el análisis computarizado del contenido de sesiones de psicoterapia, entrevistas y otros textos de interés clínico en español
Authors: Mergenthaler E. , Gril S. , Ávila-Espada A. , Vidal J.J.
Published: May 2021

Es cada vez más clara la importancia de realizar transcripciones de sesiones y de otros materiales clínicos de acuerdo a estándares para poder utilizar estos materiales en estudios en colaboración y trans-nacionales en el ámbito de la investigación de procesos en psicoterapia. Desarrollando aportaciones precedentes (Mergenthaler y Stinson, 1992; Mergenthaler y Gril, 1996) se presentan aquí nuevas orientaciones más completas y detalladas para realizar la transcripción del discurso en el idioma español. Estas orientaciones pueden ser utilizadas no sólo con estos fines, sino también para investigaciones en otras áreas (educación, lingüística, antropología, entre otras). El protocolo de transcripción que se propone es utilizable para varias tareas: a) transcripción de materiales y su valoración por jueces; b) Análisis de textos por computadora, facilitando la obtención de indicadores cuantitativos en el análisis de contenido y la adecuada preparación de los textos para el posterior análisis del contenido cualitativo. Se efectúa una breve presentación de las principales herramientas de análisis computacional de textos.
Análisis poliédrico de una entrevista: el caso laura
Authors: Villegas Manuel , Nicoló Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

En este artículo los autores someten a análisis una misma sesión terapéutica mediante abordajes distintos, el análisis del discurso terapéutico, inspirado la lingüística textual (Van Dijk), las modalidades de respuesta verbal, propuestas por Stiles, el análisis a través de la Rejilla de los Estados Problemáticos y la Escala de Evaluación de la Metacognición.
Dominancia y legitimidad: la retórica que usan los hombres en su discurso sobre su violencia hacia las mujeres
Authors: Adams Peter J. Adams , Towns Alison , Gavey Nicola
Published: May 2021

El interés por las aplicaciones de la retórica a las cuestiones sociales está resurgiendo. Este artículo desarrolla un análisis retórico del discurso generado por hombres que han sido recientemente violentos hacia mujeres. Los textos se han sustraído de transcripciones de entrevistas con 14 hombres que habían empezado recientemente o estaban a punto de iniciar programas de detención de violencia. Cada entrevista de 90 minutos indagaba sobre la perspectiva de los hombres acerca de las mujeres, la violencia y las relaciones. Se identificaron una variedad de recursos retóricos en los textos y se analizaron sus efectos. Este artículo se centra en cinco de esos recursos: la ambigüedad de los referentes, los marcadores axiomáticos; la metáfora; la sinécdoque y la metonimia. Los efectos estratégicos de cada recurso son debatidos haciendo referencia a fragmentos de las transcripciones. El artículo explora cómo estos recursos retóricos proporcionan discursos de dominancia masculina y legitimidad al poder, y como éstos a su vez promueven a los hombres hacia la violencia a las mujeres. Se observa que el aumento de la sensibilidad a estos matices de la retórica mejora la comprensión de cómo los hombres justifican, camuflan y mantienen posiciones de dominio en sus relaciones con mujeres.
El tratamiento de la violencia y la victimización en las relaciones íntimas
Authors: Goldner Virginia
Published: May 2021

Este escrito presenta un análisis de la violencia en la vida íntima nutriéndose de múltiples perspectivas teóricas. Éstas incluyen -pero no se limitan a- la teoría feminista, la teoría de las relaciones objetales, la teoría sistémica, la teoría narrativa y el construccionismo social, y la neurobiología. Se sostiene que es posible poner fin a la violencia y el abuso a través de un formato de terapia de pareja modificado, que aborda las cuestiones de la relación, el trauma individual, y la vulnerabilidad biológica a la vez que toma una clara posición moral en tanto que la violencia, el abuso y la inequidad son intolerables en cualquier forma.
Luz de gas: historia de un secuestro emocional
Authors: Palau Maricel
Published: May 2021

En este artículo se relata en primera persona la experiencia de una mujer en relación a la violencia de pareja que ella misma a vivido.
Qué es la psicoterapia general
Authors: Puig J. Solé
Published: May 2021

Se revisa, por vez primera en español, la psicoterapia general de K. Grawe, centrándose en su núcleo teórico. Se posiciona frente al pensamiento de escuela y las adscripciones personales y promueve los conocimientos basados en la investigación. Se reformulan aspectos psicológicos clave como la motivación y la acción, la percepción y las necesidades humanas básicas, la intención y la evitación, el funcionamiento consciente y el implícito, o la solución de problemas y la clarificación. Se introducen en psicoterapia conceptos como inconsistencia motivacional, autocatálisis patógena o atractor/pauta de orden. La psicoterapia general identifica tres factores de cambio: activación de recursos, intervenciones específicas de trastorno y elaboración de conflictos. Versiones anteriores incluían la actualización de problemas, mientras que la puesta al día más reciente se resume en una definición: la psicoterapia es efectiva si combina sinérgicamente intervenciones activadoras y elaboración de problemas. La psicoterapia general de Grawe, internacionalmente conocida, se considera el esfuerzo teórico europeo más relevante en integración psicoterapéutica.
Claves para la unificación de la psicoterapia: (mas allá de la integración)
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Héctor
Published: May 2021

En las últimas tres décadas la psicoterapia se ha expandido intentando dar respuesta a las demandas crecientes de asistencia producto del empeoramiento de las condiciones de vida, siendo muchas y variadas las opciones con que contamos. Este trabajo desarrolla los alcances y limitaciones que se presentan en las propuestas del movimiento integrativo y fundamenta las bases tendientes a la unificación de la psicoterapia basándose en la demanda asistencial, los intereses de la investigación y los problemas críticos de la clínica. La investigación enfocada sobre el paciente es el mayor esfuerzo alcanzado hasta ahora para superar la brecha existente entre los estudios de eficacia y los de efectividad. Los modelos que surgen de esta orientación no están centrados en promover un enfoque teórico ni algún menú de técnicas en particular, sino en identificar principios que ayuden a encontrar las combinaciones entre pacientes y terapeutas que permitan predecir mejor los resultados terapéuticos. En este artículo se describe el modelo de psicoterapia que se aplica en Aiglé que comparte los principios generales de los modelos que siguen una metodología que procura mejorar los resultados del tratamiento por medio del monitoraje de las sesiones y aportando la información correspondiente a los terapeutas para guiar los pasos sucesivos
Estado psicótico maniacal: una aproximación post-racionalista. Tratamiento y análisis de un caso
Authors: Irarrazaval Correa Leonor María
Published: May 2021

Este artículo presenta un resumen del tratamiento psicológico de un caso de psicosis maníaca, desarrollado en el marco de la concepción teórica y aplicación terapéutica, propuestas por Vittorio Guidano.
En memoria: Jaume Sebastián Capó
Authors: Sebastián Josep
Published: May 2021

Texto en memoria de Jaume Sebastián Capó (compañero y colaborador de la revista) redactado por su hijo menor Josep.
Estar ahí: percibir, oír, comprender
Authors: Mook Bertha
Published: May 2021

La psicoterapia se produce en un encuentro especial entre dos personas, una de las cuales intenta ayudar y la otra busca sanar o mejorar su bienestar. En psicoterapia, es la naturaleza de la relación, el encuentro y los diálogos que se suceden lo que potencialmente libera al cliente de su prisión y le permite encontrar nuevos significados a través de la relación terapéutica y de otras relaciones importantes. El sí-mismo solo puede ser confirmado por el otro. La persona que está sufriendo y envuelta en relaciones conflictivas puede encontrar curación en esta poderosa relación humana de compañerismo en la que el compañero que ayuda está plenamente dedicado a escucharle, oírle y entenderle en su relato único y particular.
Santuario y presencia: una visión existencial de la contribución del terapeuta
Authors: Craig P. Erik
Published: May 2021

El santuario terapéutico constituye un contexto esencial de crecimiento, que permite una forma genuina de interrelación entre terapeuta y paciente. La facilitación de este santuario humano se manifiesta en la forma de establecer el terapeuta su presencia humana, atenta y continua, en un estilo tanto permisivo, como protector.
Principios y prácticas recomendadas para la prestación de servicios psicosociales humanistas: una alternativa a las directrices establecidas en la práctica y el tratamiento
Authors: Division 32 American Pychological Association
Published: May 2021

Los psicólogos humanistas constituyen su propia comunidad de práctica y mantienen su propia y particular visión de la naturaleza humana, de la ciencia, de la metodología de investigación y de la psicoterapia. La psicoterapia humanista se ocupa de la disfunción psicológica en el contexto amplio del compromiso del paciente con su vida y los modos de vida en el mundo. Los psicólogos humanistas están orientados a la promoción del desarrollo y el crecimiento psicológico de los individuos, las familias y las comunidades a través del apoyo de su propio esfuerzo creativo. El presente documento es un informe de los principios recomendados para la prestación de servicios psicológicos humanistas, de psicoterapia en particular, aunque los principios dilucidados se aplican también a la prestación de otros servicios psicológicos. Tiene como objetivo facilitar y asistir a la prestación de servicios, pero no pretende ser obligatorio, exhaustivo, ni definitivo y puede no ser aplicable a todas las situaciones. No debe ser interpretado como definitivo y no pretende imponerse por encima del juicio de los psicólogos.
Aproximación conceptual a la empatía
Authors: Sebastián Capó Jaume
Published: May 2021

In this article, Jaume Sebastián Capó talks about the concept of empathy, its etymology, psychological origin, definition, and how it relates to the concepts of perception, sensitivity, projection and affective participation.
Anorexia y bulimia: una perspectiva cognitivo-evolucionista
Authors: La Rosa Cecilia
Published: May 2021

La autora aplica el modelo teórico-clínico cognitivo-evolutivo a los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Según esta perspectiva, los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria comórbidos con trastornos de la personalidad presentan una mayor prevalencia entre el modelo de apego D desorientado-desorganizado. La puesta en marcha del sistema apego en la relación terapéutica genera una reactivación del modelo desorganizado y da paso a la aparición del sistema agonístico como forma vicaria de la relación terapéutica, que se vuelve compleja, fragmentaria y, a menudo, se plantea de manera competitiva, dando lugar a acting outs e incluso a frecuentes abandonos de la terapia. La autora propone un modelo de intervención que tiene en cuenta estas dinámicas y sugiere la necesidad, en casos especialmente graves, de utilizar un doble encuadre terapéutico estructurado en función del paciente.
Anorexia y bulimia: nuevas tendencias desde la óptica sistémica
Authors: Onnis Luigi , Mulè Ángela María , Vietri Agostino
Published: May 2021

Los autores ponen de relieve como en el campo sistémico los nuevos abordajes de la anorexia y de la bulimia están relacionados con dos tipos de factores: los primeros se refieren a la evolución epistemológica de estos trastornos, por ejemplo, la prevalencia actual de las formas bulímicas por encima de las anoréxicas; los segundos son concernientes a la profunda renovación epistemológica que ha atravesado la orientación sistémica en los últimos veinte años. Esto ha llevado los terapeutas sistémicos a ver la familia de los pacientes anoréxicos como un sistema complejo en que se encuentran múltiples niveles: el de los modelos de interacción, el de las historias de dimensión trigeneracional y el de los mitos familiares, como los “mitos de unión” y los “fantasmas de ruptura”. En consecuencia, las estrategias terapéuticas también se han vuelto más complejas. Se presenta aquí un caso clínico que pone de relieve como, desde esta perspectiva, el síntoma se enriquece de significados, y la intervención se vuelve más articulada, utilizando a menudo el lenguaje analógico y el metafórico, por medio de las “Esculturas del Tiempo Familiar”. Finalmente, se presentan sintéticamente los datos preliminares de una investigación clínica controlada que sugieren que las estrategias terapéuticas multidisciplinares e integradas, es decir, sistémicas en el sentido amplio de este término, obtienen resultados mejores en el tratamiento de la anorexia y de la bulimia.