bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USING MACHINE LEARNING AS A TOOL TO HELP GUIDE UNDECLARED/UNDECIDED FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERING STUDENTS TOWARDS A DISCIPLINE
Authors: Iyer Shashank , Variawa Chirag
Published: January 2020

Supervised Machine Learning classification algorithms are used to analyze the potential inclination of the undecided/undeclared first-year engineering students.  The data exploration task is possible by building a dataset that comprises of questions based on significant attributes.  These attributes hover around different disciplines of engineering being offered at the University of Toronto. This qualitative survey is distributed to upperclassmen students (3rd, 4th year and graduate students, N = 54) and undecided first-year engineering students (N = 29) Multi-class classification is a technique that is used to categorize the data into two or more classes, in this case, the different disciplines of engineering at University of Toronto. The dataset that is built, based on the answers provided by the upperclassmen, is programmed into different classification algorithms such as Logistic Regression, KNN (K-nearest neighbors), Decision Tree and Random Forest classifier. The algorithms are compared so as to identify the most appropriate one that can determine the specific class label of the upperclassmen based on the answers provided in the qualitative survey.  The accuracy of the various algorithms is an indicator of the favorable algorithm that can serve as a tool to suggest the potential majors that could be pursued by the undecided/undeclared students. Moreover, the answers given by the upperclassmen is visually analyzed for identifying the patterns of inclination of the students belonging to different disciplines of engineering.
INTEGRATING MAKERSPACES INTO ENGINEERING DESIGN
Authors: Galaleldin Mohamed , Boudreau Justine , Anis Hanan
Published: January 2020

Makerspaces are informal sites in which people with similar interests can collaboratively build creative projects by using emerging technologies. In recent years, makerspaces have been created on most campuses and often linked to STEM learning practices. However, integrating makerspaces in engineering curriculum is often not done formally. In this paper, we discuss how the University of Ottawa integrated its makerspace into its cornerstone design curriculum and its design challenges. Cornerstone engineering design includes first- and second-year courses where students learn and apply design knowledge while working in teams. Each team is expected to develop three prototypes during the semester and solve a design problem for a client. Maker components are integrated in the labs, where many makerspace technologies, such as 3D printing and laser cutting, are taught and used in the development of the prototypes. In addition, the makerspace offers a yearly multidisciplinary client-based design challenge that is open to all students. This paper explores the integration of maker ideology and technology in curricular and extracurricular design activities. The paper outlines the connection between making and engineering design, the maker capacity for inclusion and sharing, the role of making activities in developing the identity of future engineers and the integration of course work into the makerspace.
A DESIGN-CENTERED LABORATORY CURRICULUM FOR FIRST-YEAR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS
Authors: Lam Gabrielle
Published: January 2020

A new first-year biomedical engineering laboratory course was created using a problem-based learning approach. Centered on four semi-structured design projects and experiments, the laboratory course was designed to facilitate meaningful experiential learning. Preliminary analyses of survey results suggest that the semi-structured nature of lab activities is viewed both positively and negatively by students, depending on their perception of preparedness for the project. Its correlation with student performance will be better understood with thorough study of other components of survey results.
Optic neuropathies in childhood: a review of etiology and treatment
Authors: Günbey Ceren , Konuşkan Bahadır
Published: January 2020

Optic neuropathy (ON) is a common problem in childhood resulting from various causes including ischemic, metabolic, hereditary, traumatic and inflammatory events. The latter represents the most prevalent group; the term `optic neuritis` is generally used for this group which can manifest as part of a systemic inflammatory disease, a central nervous system disorder, or as an isolated entity. The aim of this review is to highlight the clinical characteristics and treatments of ON for pediatricians, focusing on optic neuritis.
Factors affecting mortality in children with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sabaz Muhammed Nurullah , Akın Alper , Bilici Meki , Demir Fikri , Türe Mehmet , Balık Hasan
Published: January 2020

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) is a heart disease with high mortality rates that is often seen in children. Genetic and infectious reasons are primary in the etiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of DCMP and the parameters predicting mortality. A retrospective examination was made of 37 patients diagnosed with DCMP between January 2012 and October 2016. Data were recorded from the patient files of age, gender, complaints on presentation, findings of the physical examination, laboratory test results, echocardiography and electrocardiography findings at the time of diagnosis. These parameters were then compared between the surviving and nonsurviving patients. The patients comprised 21 males with a mean age of 27.50±50 months. Diagnosis was made at the age of < 12 months in 67.6% patients. Within mean 8 months of diagnosis, 16.2% of the patients were lost to mortality and 83.8% of the patients survived. In 83.3% of the non-surviving patients and in 29% of the surviving patients, sinus tachycardia was present at the time of diagnosis (p=0.023). Corrected QT (QTc) at the time of diagnosis was longer in the non-surviving patients (p=0.007). On ECG, the rate of ST-T wave change was higher in the non-surviving patients (80% vs. 17.8%, p=0.012). In conclusion, a significant proportion of the patients were diagnosed below the age of one year. In the non-surviving patients, as sinus tachycardia and ischaemic changes on ECG were seen more often and the QTc was longer, these findings could be considered to be predictors of mortality.
Expression of the Toll-like receptors 2 gene as a genetic determinant of the formation of newborns multiple organ failure syndrome
Authors: Shkurupii Dmytro A
Published: January 2020

Activation of the humoral immune response in newborns` multiple organ failure syndrome is associated with the production of interleukin-1β, which is recognized via Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2). The aim of this study was to determine the role of expression of the Toll-like receptors 2 gene in the pathogenesis of newborns with multiple organ failure syndrome. A prospective observational cohort study of 149 newborns was conducted. The main group (n = 113) were newborns with multiple organ failure syndrome, whereas the comparison group (n = 36) was newborns without this syndrome. The study included analysis of the expression of the TLR2 gene and its comparison with the concentration of interleukin-1β, peripheral blood lymphocyte count and clinical signs of the course of the disease. It was found that the population risk of reducing TLR2 expression was 79.33% in the main group, and 27.62% in the comparison group. Increasing the expression of the gene TLR2 in newborns leads to an increase in the concentration of interleukin-1β, an increase in the level of peripheral blood lymphocytes and is associated with the formation of microbial loci. Expression reduction of the TLR2 gene may lead to the development of multiple organ failure syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, increase in the number of affected organs, increased frequency of involvement in the immune system, and the need for aggressive respiratory therapy.
Two years of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis in Turkey: Çukurova experience
Authors: Şaşihüseyinoğlu Ayşe Şenay , Altıntaş Derya Ufuk , Bişgin Atıl , Doğruel Dilek , Yılmaz Mustafa , Serbes Mahir
Published: January 2020

The severity of cystic fibrosis (CF) depends on the type of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation. The primary goal of newborn screening (NBS) is to decrease morbidity, mortality and associated disabilities. The National NBS for CF programme was initiated in Turkey since 01.01.2015. The aim of this study was to present two years of experience of our CF center which is located in the south of Turkey. The study population comprised of infants who were born in Adana between 1 January 2015 - 31 December 2016, referred to our CF center as part of NBS for CF and performed CFTR gene analysis. The infants were divided into three groups according to laboratory tests and symptoms as CF, CRMS (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-related metabolic syndrome) and false positive NBS. Between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016, NBS was performed in 77,437 newborns in Adana. Two hundred seven (0.26%) newborns screened were positive for CF. A total of 184 infants were included to the study. We reported 12 babies as CF with an incidence of 1:6,452. The babies diagnosed as CF constituted 6.5% of positive CF NBS. Rest of study group diagnosed with CRMS/CFSPID (54/184, 29.5%) and false positive (118/184, 64%). Positive predictive value (PPV) of NBS was 6.5%. The most common CFTR mutations were 508del, p.F1052L and p.L997 F. The implementation of CF-NBS program has been successful in Turkey. But it is too early to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the program.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a report of six cases
Authors: Kara Ahu , Devrim İlker , Çağlar İlknur , Bayram Nuri , Kundak Selcen , Apa Hurşit , Altan Emir Volkan
Published: January 2020

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe cutaneous adverse reactions commonly caused by exposure to drugs and can end up with significant morbidity and mortality. We reported our experience with six patients who were diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with a different clinical presentation. In patients, drugs and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were implicated as a trigger. Intravenous Immunoglobulin treatment was given to all patients, and intensive treatment was applied for skin and mucosal lesions. The median period of stay in hospital was 13.5 days. The most common long-term complication was ocular involvement. Among six patients, corneal epithelial defects occurred in one patient. Consequently, ophthalmological evaluation should be performed both at the time of diagnosis and before hospital discharge.
Eleven-year surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in southwestern Iran
Authors: Momen Ali Akbar , Shakurnia Abdolhussein , Momen Mehdi
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the study was to report the results of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in the southwestern Iran in the 11 years' period. This is a retrospective descriptive study based on WHO guidelines. The collected data includes all pediatric AFP cases reported between of January 2006 to December 2016 by all health centers of Khuzestan province in Southwest of Iran. During an eleven-year period, 274 cases of AFP were reported in Khuzestan Province. Among them, 56.9% were younger than five years of age, and 55.9% were male. None of these cases was confirmed as poliomyelitis. The annual incidence of non-polio AFP ranged from 1.46/100,000 to 3.11/100,000 (Mean: 2.04 cases/100,000). The incidence rate of AFP in children under five years of age was significantly higher compared to older children (p=0.001), and the most common cause of paralysis (74.5%) was Guillain-Barre syndrome. All performance indicators met the WHO-specified targets. The follow-up of patients with AFP is essential to the eradication of poliomyelitis.
An adolescent case of extensive Behçet`s disease successfully treated with Infliximab
Authors: Isıyel Emel , Hasanoğlu Enver , Şişmanlar Tuğba , Aslan Ayşe Tana , Akçaboy Meltem , Kandur Yaşar , Damar Çağrı , Özdemir Yeşim , Boyunağa Öznur , Yenicesu İdil , Oğuz Deniz , Bakkaloğlu Sevcan , Buyan Necla
Published: January 2020

Cardiac involvement is an uncommon and life-threatening complication of Behçet`s Disease. We present a 14-year-old boy, admitted to our hospital for recurrent hemoptysis. In his radiologic evaluation, a right ventricular thrombus and pulmonary arterial aneurysm were identified. He was diagnosed with Behçet`s Disease, and then he received prednisone and cyclophosphamide. However, his cardiac thrombus enlargened. After his treatment was replaced with infliximab, the pulmonary aneurysms regressed, and the cardiac thrombus disappeared. In conclusion, infliximab should be considered as a reliable option for vascular Behçet`s Disease resistant to conventional treatment.
Could you say that was an atrial flutter or not?
Authors: Özsoylu Serkan , Akyıldız Başak Nur , Dursun Adem , Pamukçu Özge
Published: January 2020

Muscle-tremor artefact is a potential cause of misdiagnosis of atrial arrhythmias on electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring. Such errors may lead to inappropriate and potentially dangerous therapies in some patients. We present a case of a patient with uncontrolled seizures whose bedside electrocardiogram monitor analysis appeared to demonstrate atrial flutter with 4:1 conduction through the AV node. The ECG monitor and ECG rhythm strip additionally showed a regular ventricular rate of 94 bpm with an underlying regular `saw-tooth` baseline. We applied cardioversion to convert to sinus rhythm. Amiodarone was loaded and added to the patients therapy who had atrial flutter after cardioversion. Echocardiogram was performed by a pediatric cardiologist and they noted that the atrial rate and ventricular rate were equal. After this, we began to suspect this situation might be a pseudoflutter due to his muscle contractions. We applied rocuronium to the patient to understand whether this was a pseudo-flutter or not. We saw that the ECG returned to normal sinus rhythm. Physicians especially working in intensive care units should be aware of artifact to avoid unnecessary therapeutic procedures. As Hippocrates said centuries ago `First, do no harm.`.
Alpha gal specific IgE positivity due to tick bites and red meat allergy: the first case report in Turkey
Authors: Keleş Şennur , Gündüz Mehmet
Published: January 2020

Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose is a carbohydrate moiety found in the cell membranes of many organisms, commonly known as alpha-gal (α-Gal). This oligosaccharide is not found in the group of primates in which humans are involved. It has been found that α-Gal plays a key role in delayed IgE-mediated red meat allergy and this allergen is triggered by tick bites. Here we present a 7-year-old boy with alpha-gal allergy from Turkey.
Complete atrioventricular block associated with clozapine intoxication: case report
Authors: Türe Mehmet , Bilici Meki , Akın Alper , Demir Fikri , Balık Hasan , Darakçı Savaş Mert
Published: January 2020

Clozapine is one of the atypical anti-psychotic drugs used in the treatment of resistant schizophrenia. Although cardiac side-effects are rare, it has been reported that there may be development of myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, postural orthostatic hypotension and prolonged QT duration. Complete atrioventricular (AV) block is characterized by the inability to transmit all of the atrial signal to the ventricles. Causes may be congenital, idiopathic or acquired which are associated with surgery, infection, or muscle disease. AV block is extremely serious and permanent pacemaker insertion is usually necessary for all patients. Complete AV block may develop due to clozapine intoxication through increase in vagal tonus, sinoatrial node (SN) and the inhibition of atrioventricular node signalling. The case presented here is of a 15-year old female patient who developed AV total cardiac block associated with the taking of clozapine in a suicide attempt.
Systemic hypertension followed by insidious stroke in a 12-year-old boy with childhood neurofibromatosis type 1 presenting with renal and cerebral artery vasculopathy
Authors: Lee Meng-Luen , Chang Tung-Ming , Yang Rei-Cheng , Yang Albert D , Chen Ming
Published: January 2020

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-associated vasculopathy is usually diagnosed decades after the clinical diagnosis of NF1. Childhood NF1-associated renal artery vasculopathy or moyamoya-like brain vasculopathy could be clinically silent for a long time. We report a 12-year-old boy who had systemic hypertension found incidentally at a routine check-up. Physical examination showed caféau- lait spots and strong radial pulses. Abdominal computerized tomography angiography showed severe right ostial renal artery stenosis. Genomic study showed a heterozygous mutation c.5902C > T (p.R1968*) and two heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms (NCBI: SNP rs18011052 and rs2905876) of NF1 gene. After endovascular revascularization for renovascular hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis, including percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and stent implantation, blood pressure dropped effectively from 205/143 mmHg to 130/90 mmHg. Supine renin level dropped from 87.2 pg/ mL to 47.9 pg/mL. Unfortunately, right hemiplegia, transient visual loss with blind spots (scotomas), and clumsiness of extremities emerged insidiously 3.5 months later. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography showed ischemic infarction involving the watershed area of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, indicating presence of moyamoya-like brain vasculopathy. A dilemma is that a significant decrease of blood pressure after endovascular revascularization for renal artery stenosis may have potentially unmask the moyamoya-like brain vasculopathy in this patient. Vasculopathy could be heralding childhood NF1 in the young patients without full-fledged clinical features. Endovascular revascularization for renal artery stenosis could be a double-edge sword in childhood NF1 presenting with concomitant renal and cerebral artery vasculopathy.
İnşaat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren yüklenicilerin sosyo-kültürel yapısı: Balıkesir ili örneği
Authors: ÇİVİCİ Fehmi , ÇİVİCİ Tülay
Published: January 2020

Yüklenici firmalar, İnşaat Sektörünün ana aktörlerinden biridir. Yüklenici firmaların sosyo-kültürel durumlarını mesleki alanda etkin bir şekilde kullanımı önemlidir. Bu çalışmada yüklenici firma yöneticilerinin sosyo-kültürel yapılarına etki eden faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için, Balıkesir İli genelinde faaliyette olan yükleniciler ile anket ve mülakat çalışması yapılarak elde edilen sosyo-kültürel bilgilerin sektördeki yansımaları konusunda önemli sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmada inşaat sektörünün küresel görünümüne önce değinilmiş, sonra faaliyet gösteren yüklenicilerin sosyo-kültürel durumunu etkileyen etmenler detaylı bir şekilde sektörel alan çalışmaları ile ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Edinilen etmenlerin mesleğe katkısı ve sektördeki faaliyetlerini nasıl etkilediği tartışılmış, sektördeki verimlerinin artması için sosyo-kültürel yapı ile ilgili öneriler vurgulanmıştır.
The effectiveness of computed tomography for the experimental assessment of surfactant-polymer flooding
Authors: Tapias Hernández Fabián Andrés , Moreno Rosângela Barros Zanoni Lopes
Published: January 2020

The Surfactant-Polymer (SP) process is a type of Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR) method. They are still a challenge for the petroleum oil industry mainly because of the difficulty in designing and forecasting the process behavior on the field scale. Therefore, understanding of the phenomena associated with a CEOR process is of vital importance. For these reasons, this work discusses the benefits of Computed Tomography (CT) uses for the experimental assessment of a SP process. The research includes a literature review that allows identifying the main CT usages for petroleum engineering and a discussion concerning the effectiveness of mathematic expressions proposed for the tomography images treatment of two-phase flow displacement. The conducted experimental methodology can be reproduced to assess the benefits of any chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process with CT. Thus, this paper assesses the conventional waterflooding (WF) and SP flooding as secondary and tertiary oil recovery methods. The developed study allowed us to evaluate through CT images the porosity and the saturation profiles along the rock sample. Also, CT processed data enabled checking the volumetric material balance and determine the oil Recovery Factor (RF). The doubled checked SP data showed an RF increase of 17 and 10 percentage points for secondary and tertiary chemical injection schemes respect to conventional waterflooding. Finally, comparative results of the water cut (Wcut) evidenced the mobility ratio improvement and reduction on the remaining oil saturation.
A novel temporary cranial fixation device for awake cranial surgery: Technical report of 14 cases
Authors: Barrenechea Ignacio J. , Rojas Héctor , Nicola Marco , Marquez Luis , Herrera Roberto , Van Isseldyk Facundo
Published: January 2020

Background:

Awake craniotomy has become the gold standard in various cranial procedures. As part of the awake technique, three-point pin fixation of the patient’s head is important. One of the issues we encountered is the problem of matching the scalp infiltration site with the final pin position. To overcome this problem, we developed a flat plunger type fixator that adapts to the Mayfield holder.

Methods:

Our fixator has a 2.5 cm metallic shaft that articulates in a ball and socket joint to allow its concave surfaces to adapt to the patient’s scalp. After placing the patient in the desired position, the head is fixed with the three plungers, circles are drawn around each plunger, and they are then removed for the circles to be infiltrated with bupivacaine. Standard fixation pins are then placed in the Mayfield holder and aimed at the center of the circles.

Results:

So far, we have operated on 14 patients with this technique. No patient experienced pain during temporary fixation, and the drawn circles ensured that there were no mismatches between the local anesthetic and pin locations. The technique was particularly useful on hairy scalps, where infiltration sites were hidden. We also used only 22.5 mg bupivacaine at the pin sites, freeing a dose for the field block around the scalp incision.

Conclusion:

The temporary plunger type fixator provided a simple method to economize on local anesthetic use, check the patient’s head position before final fixation, and ensure that the Mayfield pins matched with the anesthetized area.
Trans-lamina terminalis approach assisted by endovascular temporary basilar artery occlusion for high-positioned, recurrent, basilar tip aneurysm: A technical case report
Authors: Tabata Shinya , Kamide Tomoya , Ikeda Toshiki , Kikkawa Yuichiro , Kasakura Shigen , Kohyama Shinya , Kurita Hiroki
Published: January 2020

Background:

Coil embolization is increasingly becoming the surgical intervention of choice for cerebral aneurysms, particularly for those in the posterior circulation. However, in cases where it is difficult to perform coil embolization, microsurgical clipping is still required.

Case Description:

We present a case of a high-positioned, ruptured, recurrent basilar tip aneurysm treated with a combination of microsurgical clipping through the trans-lamina terminalis approach and endovascular procedure. The technical considerations of this approach are discussed.

Conclusion:

Microsurgical clipping through the trans-lamina terminalis approach combined with an endovascular technique can be effective for basilar tip aneurysms. This approach is particularly useful for high-positioned, small, anterior projective aneurysms and cases with dilation of the third ventricle due to hydrocephalus or clot.
Pemanfaatan Situs Sejarah Peradaban Islam Di Kota Malang Sebagai Aktivitas Belajar Untuk Menanamkan Nilai Karakter
Authors: Sulistyo Wahyu Djoko , Pamungkas Onok Yayang
Published: January 2020

Penanaman nilai karakter kini menjadi perhatian serius dalam dunia pendidikan. Semua pihak yang terlibat dalam upaya ini mengemas proses pembelajaran berorientasi pada pendidikan karakter yang bersumber dari nilai-nilai karakter bangsa. Selain yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah, terdapat pula nilai-nilai kearifan lokal sebagai sumber karakter yang lebih kontekstual. Kearifan lokal berasal dari budaya yang berwujud atau berupa aktivitas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menyusun skema belajar sejarah yang inovatif dengan pemanfaatan potensi sejarah lokal. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode historis untuk konten materi sejarah lokal, dan metode kualitatif untuk penyusunanÂ  skema belajar dan analisis nilai karakter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemanfaatan situs sejarah peninggalan peradaban Islam di Kota Malang sebagai sumber belajar dan basis aktifitas pembelajaran merupakan upaya dalam rangka penanaman nilai karakter. Dari keterangan sejarah yang terdapat dalam situs Islam tersebut, yang dieksplorasi siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran mampu memberikan suatu keterangan yang direduksi nilai keutamaan dalam perjalanan sejarahnya. Penanaman karakter berikutnya dapat dicapai dari kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilakukan dalam setiap tahapnya. Aktivitas pembelajaran yang dikemas dapat memberikan pengalaman langsung kepada siswa tentang bagaimana penerapan nilai karakter. Skema pelaksanaan terbagi ke dalam tiga kegiatan dengan segala aktivitasnya. Kegiatan awal dengan orientasi pembelajaran, kegiatan inti yaitu eksplorasi situs dan, kegiatan akhir dengan diskusi dan bertukar informasi dengan tim lain. Nilai karakter dalam reduksi nilai dari keterangan sejarah dan aktivitas pembelajaran, meliputi religius, tanggung jawab, toleransi, mandiri, gotong royong dan kreatif. Desain proses belajar ini merupakan salah satu solusi alternatif dalam mengahadapi keadaan bangsa di tengah krisis karakter.
MODEL MATEMATIKA PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MAHASISWA DALAM MEMILIH JURUSAN: DAMPAK MINAT DAN BAKAT
Authors: Masykur Rubhan , Syazali Muhamad , Nofrizal Nofrizal , Sugiharta Iip
Published: January 2020

Every year, high school students of class XII who plan to continue their study program to the University always feel hesitant in determining the field of study to be chosen. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of making modeling decision making in determining the direction of Islamic religious education seen from the interests and talents of students. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive method and survey method. The participants of this research were high school / MAN / equivalent students in Bandar Lampung. The results showed that the Decision variable Choosing the Department of Islamic Education was influenced by interests and talents with the model  + 0.301  (talent). AbstrakSetiap tahun, siswa kelas XII SMA yang berencana melanjutkan program studi ke Universitas selalu merasa bimbang dalam menentukan bidang studi yang harus di pilih. Oleh karena nya penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan membuat pemodelan pengambilan keputusan dalam penentuan jurusan pendidikan agama islam dilihat dari minat dan bakat siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dan metode survei. Objek penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi SMA/MAN/Sederajat di Bandar Lampung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel keputusan memilih jurusan Pendidikan Agama Islam dipengaruhi oleh minat dan bakat dengan pemodelan  + 0.301  (Bakat). Kata Kunci: Permodelan; Pengambilan Keputusan; Pemilihan Jurusan; Minat; Bakat
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BERBASIS DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA MATERI JARINGAN TUMBUHAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA KELAS XI IPA SMA
Authors: Ariana Desi , Situmorang Risya Pramana , Krave Agna Sulis
Published: January 2020

This study aims to develop a module based on discovery learning in improving scientific literacy skills in the 11th grade of science class in senior high school. This study refers to the modified Borg and Gall model into 7 steps, (1) preliminary study; (2) planning; (3) preparation of modules; (4) expert judgment; (5) revisions; (6) limited trials; (7) revision II. The research samples are in XI MIPA 2 and XI MIPA class at 3 SMAN 1 Bringin. The technique of collecting data using written tests, questionnaires, and observations. Hypothesis testing to measure the increase in cognitive learning outcomes of students using an independent t-test on n-gain students. Assessments from material experts, subject matter teachers, colleagues, and high school students show that the modules that have been developing suitable for use in the learning process with an achievement level of 86%, 95%, 88%, and 90% respectively. The results of the t-test showed an increase in students' literacy skills (p <0.05) of 0.71 (high category). It can be concluded, the modules that have been developing become worthy to use in the learning process and effective in enhancing the scientific literacy skills of senior high school students in XI class.
Fullerenes and PAHs: A Novel Model Explains their Formation via Sequential Cycloaddition Reactions Involving C2 Dimers
Authors: Smadja Sylvain
Published: January 2020

Based on a new understanding of the nature of the bonding in the C2 dimer, a novel bottom-up model is offered that can explain the growth processes of fullerenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is shown how growth sequences involving C2 dimers, that take place in carbon vapor, combustion systems, and the ISM, could give rise to a variety of bare carbon clusters. Among the bare carbon clusters thus formed, some could lead to fullerenes, while others, after hydrogenation, could lead to PAHs. We propose that the formation of hexagonal rings present in these bare carbon clusters are the result of [2+2+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions that involve C2 dimers. In the C60 and C70 fullerenes, each of the twelve pentagons is surrounded by five hexagons and thereby “isolated” from each other. To explain why, we suggest that in bowl-shaped clusters the pentagons can form as the consequence of closures of “cove regions” that exist between hexagonal rings, and that they can also form during cage-closure, which results in the creation of six “isolated” pentagonal rings, and five hexagonal rings. The proposed growth mechanisms can account for the formation of fullerene isomers without the need to invoke the widely used Stone-Wales rearrangement. Considering processes that take place in combustion systems, it is proposed that soot particle inception can result from oligomerization of the bare carbon clusters that originated from cycloadditions involving C2 dimers. In future work, the insights offered in this article could provide a better understanding of nanotube growth, with or without defects.
Palladium Catalyzed Stereoselective Arylation of Biocatalytically Derived Cyclic 1,3-Dienes: Chirality Transfer via a Heck-Type Mechanism
Authors: Paterson Andrew J. , Dunås Petter , Rahm Martin , Norrby Per-Ola , Kociok-Kohn Gabriele , Lewis Simon E. , Kann Nina
Published: January 2020

Microbial arene oxidation of benzoic acid with Ralstonia eutropha B9 provides a chiral highly functionalized cyclohexadiene, suitable for further structural diversification. Subjecting this scaffold to a palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction effects a regioselective and stereoselective arylation of the cyclohexadiene ring. The arylation proceeds with a highly selective 1,3-chirality transfer of stereogenic information installed in the microbial arene oxidation. Quantum chemical calculations have provided insight

into the mechanism of the palladium catalyzed arylation. The high selectivity can be explained both by a kinetic preference for the observed arylation position and, interestingly, by reversible carbopalladation in competing positions. Functional groups that were well tolerated on the diene substrate included a range of esters, amides and a Weinreb amide, affording a total of 23 different products

in good yields. These products, which can be considered as latent enolic nucleophiles, also possess a unique three dimensional structure which can be utilized in further stereoselective transformations. This was demonstrated by subjecting one of the products, which contained a protected aldehyde, to a tandem deprotection – cyclization sequence. The reaction proceeded with complete stereoselectivity

and afforded a tricyclic ketone product possessing four stereogenic centers. This demonstrates the capability of the method to introduce stereochemical complexity from a planar molecule such as benzoic acid in just a few steps.
Using the Chemistry of Pharmaceuticals to Introduce Sustainable Chemistry and Systems Thinking in General Chemistry
Authors: Holme Tom
Published: January 2020

Introductory college chemistry courses are required by a wide range of science curricula. This fact has tended to frame the courses as places where core, fundamental ideas are taught, so that a foundation of knowledge might be called upon by students when they are in subsequent courses. Unfortunately, the preponderance of compartmentalized fundamental topics bolsters learning that has challenges in terms of transfer of knowledge to other science settings. One method that has been proposed to help alleviate this concern is to incorporate systems thinking and rich contexts that directly connect foundational chemistry ideas to larger systems. One area that shows strong potential for such efforts is the science of pharmaceuticals. Adding examples related to the chemistry of drugs, both within the large lecture setting of general chemistry and within smaller discussion groups. The role of example problems, student writing projects and group construction of systems thinking related visualizations of the context of pharmaceutical chemistry are reported.
Predicting Binding from Screening Assays with Transformer Network Embeddings
Authors: Morris Paul , St Clair Rachel , Barenholtz Elan , Hahn William Edward
Published: January 2020

Cheminformatics aims to assist in chemistry applications that depend on molecular interactions, structural characteristics, and functional properties. The arrival of deep learning and the abundance of easily accessible chemical data from repositories like PubChem have enabled advancements in computer-aided drug discovery. Virtual High-Throughput Screening (vHTS) is one such technique that integrates chemical domain knowledge to perform in silico biomolecular simulations, but prediction of binding affinity is restricted due to limited availability of ground-truth binding assay results. Here, text representations of 83,000,000 molecules are leveraged to enable single-target binding affinity prediction directly on the outcome of screening assays. The embedding of an end-to-end Transformer neural network, trained to encode the structural characteristics of a molecule via a text-based translation task, is repurposed through transfer learning to classify binding affinity to a single target. Classifiers trained on the embedding outperform those trained on SMILES strings for multiple tasks, receiving between 0.67-0.99 AUC. Visualization reveals organization of structural and functional properties in the learned embedding useful for binding prediction. The proposed model is suitable for parallel computing, enabling rapid screening as a complement to virtual screening techniques when limited data is available.
Tuning Mechanism through Buffer Dependence of Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by a Cobalt Mini-enzyme
Authors: Le Jennifer , Alachouzos Georgios , Frontier Alison , Lombardi Angela , Bren Kara
Published: January 2020

Cobalt-mimochrome VI*a (CoMC6*a) is a synthetic mini-protein that catalyzes aqueous proton reduction to hydrogen (H2). In buffered water, there are multiple possible proton donors, complicating the elucidation of mechanism. We have found that buffer pKa and sterics have significant effects on activity, evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV). Protonated buffer is proposed to act as the primary proton donor to the catalyst, specifically through the protonated amine of the buffers that were tested. At a constant pH of 6.5, catalytic H2 evolution in the presence of buffer acids of pKa ranging from 5.8 to 11.6 was investigated, giving rise to a potential-pKa relationship that can be divided into two regions. For acids of pKa ≤ 8.7, the half-wave catalytic potential (Eh) changes as a function of pKa with a slope of –128 mV/pKa unit, and for acids of pKa ≥ 8.7, Eh changes as a function of pKa with a slope of –39 mV/pKa unit. In addition, a series of buffer acids was synthesized to explore the influence of steric bulk around the acidic proton on catalysis. The catalytic current in CV shows a significant decrease in the presence of the sterically hindered buffer acids compared to their parent compounds, also consistent with the added buffer acid acting as the primary proton donor to the catalyst and showing that acid structure in addition to pKa impacts activity. These results demonstrate that buffer acidity and structure are important considerations when optimizing and evaluating systems for proton-dependent catalysis in water.
Homology Models of Wuhan Coronavirus 3CLpro Protease
Authors: Stoermer Martin
Published: January 2020

A regional outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China in late 2019 was associated with a novel coronavirus. Rapid release of genomic data for the isolated virus enabled the construction of first-generation homology models of the new CoV 3CLpro cysteine protease. Whilst the overall viral genome was most closely associated with bat coronaviruses, the main protease is most closely related (96% identity) to SARS CoV protease.
Spontaneous Aminolytic Cyclization and Self-Assembly of Dipeptide Methyl Esters in Water
Authors: Pappas Charalampos , Wijerathne Nadeesha , Sahoo Jugal Kishore , Jain Ankit , Kroiss Daniela , Sasselli Ivan R. , Pina Ana , Lampel Ayala , Ulijn Rein V.
Published: January 2020

Dipeptides are known to spontaneously cyclize to diketopiperazines, and in some cases these cyclic dipeptides have been shown to self-assemble to form supramolecular nanostructures. Herein, we demonstrate the in situ cyclization of dipeptide methyl esters in aqueous buffer by intramolecular aminolysis, leading to the formation of diverse supramolecular nanostructures. The chemical nature of the amino acid side chains dictates the supramolecular arrangement and resulting nanoscale architectures. For c[LF], supramolecular gels are formed, and the concentration of starting materials influences the mechanical properties of hydrogels. Moreover, by adding metalloporphyrin to the starting dipeptide ester solution, these become incorporated through cooperative assembly, resulting in the formation of nanofibers able to catalyse the oxidation of organic phenol in water. The approach taken here, which combines the chemically activated assembly with the versatility of short peptides might pave the way for achieving the spontaneous formation of supramolecular order and function using simple building blocks.
Comment on ‘Multilayered Stable 2D Nano-Sheets of Ti2NTx MXene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity’
Authors: Guo Yitong , Hu Qianku , Wang Libo , Zhou Aiguo
Published: January 2020

A recent article entitled “Multilayered stable 2D nano-sheets of Ti2NTx MXene: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity” published in this journal, claimed that two-dimensional Ti2NTx MXene could be synthesized by selectively etching Ti2AlN in concentrated hydrofluoric acid at room temperature. However, the X-ray diffraction pattern of Ti2NTx MXene reported in that paper is completely different with those of other MXenes. In this comment, it is argued that the samples synthesized in that paper were NOT Ti2NTx MXene at all. Although carbide MXenes can be made by selectively etching A layers from MAX phase, it is very difficult or impossible to make nitride MXenes (Ti2NTx) by the same way.
Dynamic Structural Eﬀects on the Second-Harmonic Generation of Tryptophane-Rich Peptides and Gramicidin A
Authors: Seibert Jakob , CHAMPAGNE Benoît , Grimme Stefan , de Wergifosse Marc
Published: January 2020

Chains of amino acids can model endogenous biotags for applications in second harmonic imaging microscopy. Such structures are inherently ﬂexible which may strongly aﬀect their structure-property relationship. Here, we explore quantum-mechanically the conformational space of a set of relatively large tryptophan-rich model peptides studied experimentally by Duboisset et al. [JPC B 2014 118]. This has become feasible because of the recently proposed meta-dynamics method based on eﬃcient tight-binding (TB) quantum chemical calculations. The TB version of the simpliﬁed time-dependent density functional theory (sTD-DFT-xTB) method is used to evaluate the ﬁrst hyperpolarizability. These new tools enable us to calculate nonlinear optical properties for systems with several thousand atoms and/or to screen large structure ensembles. First, we show that the ﬁrst hyperpolarizability of these systems is dominated by the indole chromophore in the tryptophan residues. Their relative orientation mostly determines the global β tensor and aﬀects the static ﬁrst hyperpolarizability response drastically. The results underline the importance of ﬁnding low-energy conformers for modeling the ﬁrst hyperpolarizabilities of ﬂexible molecules. Additionally, we compare calculated and extrapolated experimental static ﬁrst hyperpolarizabilities.

We conclude that the sTD-DFT-xTB method is capable of providing reliable second-harmonic generation values for tryptophan-rich systems at a fraction of the computational cost of the commonly used TD-DFT/TD-HF levels of theory.
Aффиксация глаголов, обозначающих действия в социальных сетях
Authors: Хоригути Даики
Published: January 2020

Анализ показал, что активно образовываются производные глаголы, относящиеся к социальным сетям. Аффиксы, особенно префиксы, проявляют свой словообразовательный потенциал в сочетании как с рассмотренными глаголами, так и с исконными глаголами. Глаголы, кроме лайкать, тегить и шерить, функционируют как глаголы сообщения и нередко созданы по тем же самым словообразовательным моделям.

За счет аффиксации актуализируется пространственно-временное восприятие действия в социальных сетях и его деривационное оформление. Весьма характерна моментальность и точечность действия, которое осуществляется одним нажатием кнопки. Cледует отметить продуктивные префиксы, пространственная семантика которых сходится с семантикой глагола. Несмотря на свои пространственные значения, эти префиксы не вносят значимую семантическую модификацию, тем самым образуя видовой коррелят беспрефиксальным глаголам. В силу грамматической категории вида у префиксальных глаголов с разными модификациями уже намечается вторичная имперфективация.
O Documento “Proposta para Base Nacional Comum da Formação de Professores da Educação Básica” (BNCFP): Dez Razões para Temer e Contestar a BNCFP
Authors: Zancan Rodrigues Larissa , Pereira Beatriz , Mohr Adriana
Published: January 2020

Apresentamos e analisamos o documento “Proposta para Base Nacional Comum da Formação de Professores da Educação Básica” (BNCFP), que foi encaminhado pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC) ao Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE)em dezembro de 2018. Inicialmente descrevemos o contexto de formulação, as exigências normativas, a autoria, a estrutura e o conteúdo da BNCFP. Em seguida, identificamos dez pontos de análise que nos parecem cruciais para o campo da Educação em Ciências, uma vez que impactam fortemente os currículos e os princípios da formação e da atuação dos professores. Ao final do texto, trazemos um pós-escrito, de caráter informativo e complementar para analise da BNCFP, a fim de relatar os acontecimentos ocorridos de setembro a novembro de 2019 pertinentes a este documento no CNE.
Türk Sosyal Karakteri Üzerine Kuramsal Bir Çalışma
Authors: GERÇİK İbrahim Zeyd
Published: January 2020

Sosyal Karakter, bir toplumda yaşayan insanların öğrenme ve etkileşim yoluyla kendi kültürlerinden kişiliklerine aktardıkları ortak değer ve anlayış biçimleridir. Türk kültürünün zihindeki biçimlenmesi olan Türk sosyal karakteri, toplumdaki ilişkiler ve iş yapış tarzlarında kendini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, yönetim-kültür ilişkisinde bugüne kadar detaylı çalışma yapılmamış olan ‘Türk sosyal karakteri” incelenmiştir. Özellikle Türk sosyal karakterinin, yönetim ve toplumsal gelişim süreçlerine frenleyici etkisi olan özellikleri irdelenmiştir.
Spekülatif Girişimcilik Açısından Emile Zola’nın Para Romanının İncelenmesi
Authors: UYMAZ Ali Osman
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada Emile Zola’nın Para romanı spekülatif girişimcilik açısından veri olarak kabul edilerek incelenmiştir. Roman kahramanları ve olay örgüsü betimsel ve içerik analizi ile analiz edilerek spekülatif girişimcilik ve alt boyutları farkındalık, arbitraj, öz-manipülasyon ve yüksek kazanç beklentisi açıklanmıştır.
Decay Resistance of Carbonized Wood Surfaces
Authors: AKÇAY Çağlar , KARAL SAYGİN İpek , TAŞÇIOĞLU Cihat
Published: January 2020

In this study, decay resistance of carbonized wood surfaces by combustion method was examined. In this context either single or five geometrical surfaces of Scots pine and beech wood specimens were carbonized and exposed to Coniophora puteana (brown rot) and Pleurotus ostreatus (white rot) decay fungi for 12 weeks. According to the results single or five surface carbonized Scots pine specimen showed reduced weight loses when compared to un-carbonized controls. Beech wood specimens, on the other hand, resulted significantly low weight losses only for five surface carbonized specimens. A statically significant difference was found between the control samples of both wood species. Since surface carbonization did not introduce any differences among the treatment types of white rot fungi for both wood species, this method could be useful against brown rot fungi (C. puteana) risk.
Demir-Çelik Üretim Hattında Yalın Üretim
Authors: Ersöz Taner , SARIZ KARANFİL , ERSÖZ FİLİZ
Published: January 2020

Dünyada
hızla gelişen teknoloji bugün içinde bulunduğumuz birçok firmayı tehlike altına
almaktadır. Firmalar artık hem kendi iç sektörlerin de hem de uluslararası
alanda rekabet edebilmek için kendilerini sürekli geliştirmek zorundadır. Bu
anlamda kalite, maliyet ve müşteri memnuniyeti gibi kavramlar gün geçtikçe daha
önemli hale gelmektedir. Yalın üretim işte bu noktada modası geçmeyen bir
üretim yöntemidir. 1950’ler de Toyota Üretim Firması ile temelleri atılan yalın
üretim bugün hale güncelliğini korumaktadır. Sıfır hata ve sıfır stok ilkesini
benimseyen yalın üretim hem üretim sektöründe hem de hizmet sektöründe de uygulanmakta
bugün birçok alanda kar seviyesini arttırmakta maliyetleri azaltmaktadır. Bugün
hala gelişmeyi sürdürmekte ve yeni teknolojilerle entegre olması yalın üretimin
devamlılığı açısından çok önemlidir. Yalın üretim Japon halkından dünyaya
açılan bir kapıdır. Bu çalışmada bir demir-çelik
üretim hattında yalın üretim uygulaması yapılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar
yorumlanarak işletmeye önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
SPECIAL PELL AND PELL LUCAS MATRICES OF ORDER 3X3
Authors: KÖKEN Fikri
Published: January 2020

In
this study, we study on special Pell and Pell Lucas matrices of order 3x3, entries of whose nth powers are related specific Pell and Pell Lucas
numbers with indices certain positive integer according to powers these
matrices.