bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comment to: L. Mari “Is our understanding of measurement evolving?”
Authors: Pavese Franco
Published: June 2022

The present contribution is a comment which addresses the paper published in this Journal “Is our understanding of measurement evolving?” and authored by Luca Mari. This Technical Note concerns specific parts of that paper, namely the statements: “doubt: isn’t metrology a ‘real’ science? ... Metrology is a social body of knowledge”, “Measurements are aimed at attributing values to properties: since values are information entities, any measurement must then include an informational component” and “What sufficient conditions characterise measurement as a specific kind of property evaluation?”, and discusses alternatives.
Suicidological services of Russia: problems and reserves of development
Authors: Bannikov G. S. , Lyubov E. B. , Keshchyan K. L.
Published: June 2022

In order to study the availability and structure of the suicidological service of Russia, an analysis of data from 76 regions received in response to the request of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2098-r dated September 18, 2019 for the approval of a set of measures to improve the system of suicide prevention of minors, as well as data from field events of employees of the National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Drug Addiction was carried out V. P. Serbsky in 44 regions of the Russian Federation in 2019, the majority of regions report on regional suicidological services to the population, represented mainly by “Helplines” (77%), offices of a suicidologist in the HDP (46%). The full composition of the links of the suicidological service is only in Moscow, Bashkortostan, Krasnodar, Stavropol, Trans-Baikal Territories, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk regions. Standardized accounting and registration of suicidal attempts only in certain regions (Tyumen Region, Stavropol Territory). A system for diagnosing suicidal behavior in the general medical network and educational organizations has not been developed. There is no algorithm for interdepartmental interaction in the management of persons with suicidal behavior. Proposals have been made to improve the work of the suicidological service at the federal and regional levels.
InSpace Implant Compared with Partial Repair for the Treatment of Full-Thickness Massive Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Verma Nikhil , Srikumaran Uma , Roden Colleen M. , Rogusky Edwin J. , Lapner Peter , Neill Heather , Abboud Joseph A. ,   on behalf of the SPACE GROUP
Published: June 2022

Background:

The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of a subacromial balloon spacer (InSpace implant; Stryker) compared with arthroscopic partial repair in patients with irreparable, posterosuperior massive rotator cuff tears.

Methods:

Patients ≥40 years of age with symptomatic, irreparable, posterosuperior, massive rotator cuff tears and an intact subscapularis who underwent failed nonoperative management were included in this randomized controlled trial comparing the InSpace implant with partial repair. Clinical outcome data were collected at baseline through a 24-month follow-up. The primary outcome was improvement in the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores. The secondary outcomes included change from baseline in the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) score, the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, the Constant-Murley shoulder score, the EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) score, active range of motion, and operative time. Complications and reoperations for each group were also recorded.

Results:

Twenty sites randomized 184 patients: 93 in the InSpace group and 91 in the partial repair group. Significant and clinically relevant improvements in the ASES score from baseline were noted in both groups at Month 12 and were maintained at Month 24. Overall, 83% of patients in the InSpace group and 81% of patients in the partial repair group achieved the ASES minimally clinically important difference threshold, and 82% of patients in the InSpace group and 79% of patients in the partial repair group achieved the substantial clinical benefit threshold. Forward elevation was significantly greater in the InSpace group compared with the partial repair group at Day 10 (p = 0.04), Week 6 (p = 0.0001), Month 12 (p = 0.005), and Month 24 (p = 0.003). The operative time was significantly shorter in the InSpace group (p < 0.0001). No device-related surgical complications were noted, and 4 reoperations after InSpace implantation and 3 reoperations after partial repair were required.

Conclusions:

The InSpace implant is an appropriate alternative to partial repair in patients with irreparable posterosuperior massive rotator cuff tears and an intact subscapularis. Notable benefits include early functional recovery and pain relief combined with a shorter operative time.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Numerical Analysis of Tensile Strength on Welding Joints Using Solidworks Software
Authors: Tanjung Iqbal , Umurani Khairul
Published: June 2022

Objektif dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati kekuatan tarik dan distribusi tegangan pada plat baja karbon rendah yang disambung menggunakan pengelasan Menggunakan Software Solidworks ®.Pada studi ini jumlah spesimen yang akan uji berjumlah tiga spesimen.Spesimen uji merupakan lembaran plat baja karbon rendah tebal 1,6 mm yang disambung menggunakan pengelasan dengan jenis SMAW. Sebelum dilakukan proses pembentukan material spesimen terlebih dahulu diuji komposisinya menggunakan Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES).Geometri spesimen uji pada studi ini merujuk pada standar ASTM E8. Pengujian Tarik specimen dilakukan menggunakan UTM (universal testing machine) dangan spesifikasi hidrolik 5000 kgf.Selanjutnya pemodelan spesimen dibangun dan dimeshing menggunakan software solidworks 2020.Pada penelitian ini jenis elemen yang digunakan adalah elemen segitiga dan dilakukan proses adaptif mesh pada model spesimen. Proses meshing dilakukan dengan beberapa variasi panjang sisi elemen.Hasil pengujian tarik menunjukkan ketiga spesimen memiliki nilai kekuatan tarik yang tidak jauh berbeda pada kisaran ± 46.19 kgf/mm2. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kerusakan spesimen terjadi pada area yang berdekatan dengan sambungan pengelasan.Hasil simulasi menunjukkan tegangan yang terjadi pada setiap variasi panjang sisi elemen memiliki trend nilai yang menurun, namun penurunan nilai ini tidak signifikan dan cendrung memiliki nilai yang konstant pada rentang 2,45 sampai 2,49 N/m2. Dari hasil simulasi didapat panjang sisi elemen 2 dan 4 memimiliki nilai yang paling mendekati hasil experimen. Hasil ini sesuai dengan kaidah yang berlaku dimana daerah yang disambung dengan pengelasan memiliki ketaguhan yang lebih baik dari area lainnya.
Two-Stage Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment Mode of Maokou Formation in Southeastern Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China
Authors: Liu Xianfeng , Liang Yilin , Duan Jinbao , Luo Yanping
Published: June 2022

Sichuan Basin is one of the most potential areas for natural gas exploration and development in China. The Maokou Formation in the basin is one of the important gas-bearing layers in southeastern Sichuan. In recent years, several exploration wells have obtained industrial gas flow in the first member of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation (hereinafter referred to as the Permian Mao-1 member of Maokou Formation), revealing that it may become a new field of oil and gas exploration in Sichuan Basin. Drilling and field survey results show that the shale of Maokou Formation in southeastern Sichuan contains eyeball-shaped limestone. Early studies suggest that the Permian Mao-1 member of Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin is a set of high-quality carbonate source rocks, but ignoring its oil and gas exploration potential as an unconventional shale reservoir similar to the shale. The enrichment regularity of unconventional natural gas has not been studied from the perspective of source-internal accumulation. And there is a lack of analysis of oil and gas enrichment mode. In this study, we took the Permian Mao-1 member of Maokou Formation in southeastern Sichuan as the target layer. Through macroscopic outcrop observation and geochemical analysis and based on unconventional oil and gas enrichment theory, we carried out a study on natural gas enrichment mode of eyeball-shaped limestone of the Permian Mao-1 member of Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin. The results show that the hydrocarbon enrichment pattern of the Maokou Formation in southeastern Sichuan is different from the accumulation and occurrence process of common unconventional shale gas reservoirs and conventional carbonate reservoirs. It is a special new hydrocarbon accumulation mode between the above two. According to the difference in the charging time of the hydrocarbon, the background of the reservoiring dynamics, and the occurrence state of oil and gas, we divide the two-stage differential enrichment mode of oil and gas, that is, “early intralayer near-source enrichment” and “late interlayer pressure relief adjustment.”
Study on Mechanical and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of the Influence of Rock Bridge Length on Rock Failure
Authors: Wang Jianchao , Zhang Yan , Qin Changan , Gao Yaohui , Wang Zhaofeng , Zhang Guofeng
Published: June 2022

Rock bridge of jointed rock plays a key role in its instability failure and has great influence on underground engineering. In this paper, the direct shear tests of jointed rocks with different rock bridge lengths are carried out, and the mechanical properties, acoustic emission (AE) characteristics, and fracture mechanism during the failure of rock bridge are studied. The results show that the shear strength increases with the increase of normal stress. When the rock bridge is long, cohesion c plays a leading role to control the failure of jointed rock; on the contrary, the internal friction angle φ plays a leading role. AE count rate, cumulative AE counts, and peak AE energy rate increase with the increase of rock bridge length. With the increase of rock bridge length, peak AE energy rate and AE count rate occur earlier. Considering the influence of rock bridge length, the fracture criterion and crack growth angle of shear fracture are derived based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. The theoretically calculated result is consistent with the experimental result. The research in this paper can provide relevant theoretical basis and useful reference for the instability and failure analysis of jointed rock.
A Century of Landslides in Seattle, Washington: Coalescing and Digitizing the City's Historic Landslide Inventories
Authors: Davis Elizabeth J. , Chang Susan , Hou Steve , Teal Tammy , Cowell Kevin , Garcia-Arceo Sandra
Published: June 2022

Landslides have impacted the built environment of the city of Seattle for over a century. We present a new historic landslide inventory for Seattle built from over 100 years of landslide records. Seattle has tracked landslide occurrence since the 1890s and has commissioned various studies to examine where and why landslides occur. During this tenure, methods for collection, display, and dissemination of landslide data have varied, resulting in a complex, non-uniform, and rich dataset. For the new database completed in 2019, multiple inventories and thousands of historic documents were combined to meet the City of Seattle's objectives of keeping landslide areas precise with respect to property boundaries. Compared with prior maps, the new map provides more information from the historical record, maps landslide extent more accurately, and tags fewer private properties with landslide features than prior maps. In addition, digitized historic documents are now attached to landslide features in the City of Seattle's public geographic information system (GIS) map. The historic inventory is complementary to a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) inventory covering the same area. This case study shows how historic data can be used to record landslides in urban areas where geomorphological signatures may be removed by development. In Seattle, access to information about historic landslides will streamline workflows for public and private engineers and geologists and will serve property owners and the general public. The map is currently available at https://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id = f822b2c6498c4163b0cf908e2241e9c2 = f822b2c6498c4163b0cf908e2241e9c2.
INTERMEDIANDO DISCURSOS ÀS MARGENS DOS ESTEREÓTIPOS DO TEMPO E ESPAÇO
Authors: Silva Leonardo Luiz Silveira da
Published: June 2022

Travando uma discussão epistemológica, o artigo em questão defende que as intermediações discursivas são formas de mitigar as incompletudes das representações. Parte do pressuposto de que mente e matéria fazem parte de um entrelace indissociável, o que justifica a importância da reflexão quanto às representações. O ponto de partida para a compreensão da incompletude das representações é a consideração que estas suprimem uma quantidade expressiva da experiência temporal e espacial, reproduzindo imagens que são fortalecidas nas relações de afeto. Destaca-se, também, que frequentemente o intelectual cai em uma espécie de armadilha paradoxal: ao desconstruir estereótipos no interior de uma dada temática, há uma tendência à generalização e à elaboração de tipologias que estereotipam a pluralidade imaginativa. São estes problemas discursivos que o artigo busca abordar.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS CONTROLES ESTRUTURAIS E A REDE DE DRENAGEM DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO MUNDAÚ
Authors: Santos de Melo Jonas Herisson , Monteiro Kleython de Araújo
Published: June 2022

A compreensão da dinâmica da paisagem sempre esteve no centro das análises geomorfológicas. As bacias hidrográficas receberam grande destaque devido a sua dinâmica e seu papel para a evolução do relevo e de suas formas, fazendo-se necessária uma abordagem cada vez mais detalhada das relações entre as redes de drenagem e o relevo. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa focou na análise da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mundaú (BHRM) e quatro (04) de suas sub bacias, através da aplicação de índices morfométricos como a Relação de Bifurcação (Rb), análise de Curvas e Integrais Hipsométricas (HI) e o Fator de Assimetria de Bacia de Drenagem (FABD). Estabelecendo relações com o substrato rochoso e a presença de falhas e zonas de cisalhamento, verificou-se que, em sua maioria, as sub bacias tem seu relevo em estado maduro, onde há um grande percentual de homogeneidade geológica, predominando rochas metamórficas, que não apresentam grande influência estrutural sobre a rede de drenagem. Além disso, em sua maioria as sub bacias possuem basculamento para o flanco esquerdo, muito provavelmente influenciados pela presença de falhas e zonas de cisalhamento. Desta forma foi possível verificar determinadas condições que contribuem para a compreensão do estágio do relevo atual, da BHRM como um todo, contribuindo para um melhor entendimento de suas dinâmicas.
INFLUÊNCIA DO USO E COBERTURA DA TERRA NA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO UBERABINHA – MG
Authors: Gonçalves Lacerda de Gouveia Rogerio , Tadeu Pereira Gener , Cristina Tarlé Pissarra Teresa , Vieira Martins Filho Marcílio , Maria Abreu Pires de Melo Silva Maytê , Farias do Valle Junior Renato
Published: June 2022

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência do uso do solo no recurso hídrico da bacia hidrográfica do rio Uberabinha, localizada no município de Uberlândia / MG. Utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto, foram elaborados mapas: uso do solo, hipsométrico, classe do solo e declividade. Foram utilizadas imagens do satélite LANDSAT 8 com resolução espacial de 30 m, de agosto de 2018, e do Modelo Digital de Elevação TOPODATA juntamente com os dados da série histórica de qualidade da água do rio Uberabinha, obtidos no IGAM - Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas e o Ministério da Saúde. Os dados de qualidade da água foram referenciados de acordo com os limites estabelecidos pelo CONAMA - Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente e legislação internacional. A bacia do rio Uberabinha é ocupada predominantemente por áreas agrícolas. Quanto à qualidade da água referente ao ponto amostrado PB 023 localizado após dezesseis quilômetros da estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) da cidade de Uberlândia, as variáveis: coliformes totais, Escherichia Coli, sulfeto e fósforo apresentaram concentrações acima do valor limite estabelecido pela legislação, durante todo o período analisado. O uso do solo influenciou na contaminação da água da bacia hidrográfica, especialmente, no percurso que envolve a malha urbana de Uberlândia.
Guest Editorial: What CO2-EOR Has Already Taught Us About Upscaling Permanent Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Lake Larry W.
Published: June 2022

It is not often that one’s career coincides with the initiation and maturation of a technology. So it has been with my career and the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) to increase oil recovery, or CO2‑EOR (enhanced oil recovery).

I started in the E&P business in the early 1970s, about the same time as CO2‑EOR became feasible (maybe economic). But in no way do I claim credit for this success; it is the result of hundreds of highly competent technologists working in labs, on computers, in the field, and planning, always planning. But I do claim a sense of perspective as the technology has matured over the years and now is about to morph to a similar one, though one with a very different objective—CO2 storage.

I am drawing comparisons between carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and CO2‑EOR that are largely based on analyzing field data, not numerical models nor laboratory‑scale experiments, though both have played important supporting roles.

Many of the oilfield technologies are transferable from CO2-EOR to CCS.

Technologies such as petrophysics, numerical simulation, and anything relating to injection wells should apply. This fact should make it easier for petroleum engineers to make the transition to CCS. Experience from fluid production provides valuable insight for fluid movement and displacement in the reservoir, but production is not directly transferable to conventional CCS, which does not envision the operation of extraction wells as of this writing.

There have been no detectable caprock breaches and few surface leaks in CO2-EOR.

This observation has resulted in the need for minimal monitoring requirements. However, monitoring for CCS will be a major part of a project. Ascertaining the amount of CO2 retained in subsurface during CO2‑EOR is difficult using data routinely available to the public. The importance of accurate measurements of rates and pressures at wellhead and surface facilities will be even more important for CCS and over a longer time.
Soil microbes alter the diversity-invasibility relationship by promoting a complementarity effect on community invasion resistance
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yan , Gao Song , Chen Tong , Wang Jiang , Yu Fei-Hai
Published: June 2022

Soil microbes can affect both the invasiveness of exotic plants and the invasibility of native plant communities, but it still remains unclear whether soil microbes can influence the relationship between native plant species diversity and community invasibility. We constructed native plant communities with three levels of species richness (one, three, or six species) in un-sterilized or sterilized soil (i.e., with or without soil microbes) and let them not be invaded by exotic plant species or invaded by one of three exotic species (Solidago canadensis, Erigeron canadensis or Symphyotrichum subulatum) highly invasive in China. The soils conditioned by the native plant communities not invaded by the exotic species were used as soil microbe inocula to test whether richness-induced differences in soil microbes affect the growth of each of the three invasive species. Compared with the presence of soil microbes, the absence of soil microbes weakened the negative species richness-invasibility relationship, indicating that soil microbes can contribute to the higher invasion resistance of more diverse native plant communities. In the presence of soil microbes, the higher invasion resistance of more diverse communities was mainly ascribed to the complementarity effect. However, soil microbes from communities with a higher species richness did not have a stronger negative effect on the growth of any of the three invasive species. We conclude that soil microbes can alter the diversity-invasibility relationship through promoting the complementarity effect on the community invasion resistance. Our results highlight the importance to integrate the role of soil microbes in testing the diversity-invasibility hypothesis.
Industry 4.0 implementation challenges in small and medium size enterprises: A hybrid method of interval valued fuzzy BWM and DEMATEL
Authors: Alimohammadlou Moslem , sharifian sahar
Published: June 2022

Although small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) shape the cornerstone of economy, they encounter various challenges in transitioning to Industry 4.0. This issue represents an ill-structured problem under uncertainty, which requires a specific set of tools to be solved. This study relied on a hybrid method composed of the interval type-2 fuzzy BWM (IT2F-BWM) and the interval type-2 fuzzy DEMATEL (IT2F-DEMATEL) method, to handle the complexities that SMEs experience in transitioning to Industry 4.0. The results of the IT2F-BWM revealed the importance of the “organizational” criterion, in comparison to “technological” and “strategic” criteria. Furthermore, the IT2F-DEMATEL results showed that the “organizational” dimension exerted the highest degree of influence. The most effective criteria (sub-dimensions) were “a lack of skillful management team”, “the need for advanced skills”, and “having insufficient knowledge of and little interest in Industry 4.0 and its outcomes”, which fell under “organizational”, “technological”, and “strategic” dimensions, respectively. The findings could help firms and enterprises to gain adequate knowledge of Industry 4.0 before implementing it, while clarifying how such entities can enhance their organizations and overcome obstacles by training their human resources.
Recycling Utilization of Chinese Medicine Herbal Residues Resources: Systematic Evaluation on Industrializable Treatment Modes
Authors: Luo Jiahao , Yang Rui , Ma Feifei , Jiang Wenming , Han Chunchao
Published: June 2022

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an indispensable part of the world health and medical system, and plays an important role in treatment, prevention and health care. These TCM produce a large amount of Chinese medicine herbal residues (CHMRs) during the application process, most of which are the residues after decoction or extraction of botanical medicines. These CMHRs contain a large number of unused components, which can be used in medical, breeding, planting, materials and other industries. Considering the practical application requirements, this paper mainly introduces the low-cost treatment methods of CHMRs, including extraction of active ingredients, cultivation of edible fungi and manufacture of feed. These methods not only have low upfront investment, but also have some income in the future. Furthermore, other methods are briefly introduced. In conclusion, this paper can provide reference for people who need to deal with CMHRs, and contribute to the sustainable development of TCM.
Vessels that encapsulate tumor clusters (VETC) pattern predicts the efficacy of adjuvant TACE in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jia-hong , Li Xiao-shan , Tang Hong-sheng , Fang Run-ya , Song Jing-jing , Feng Yan-lin , Guan Tian-pei , Ruan Qiang , Wang Jin , Cui Shu-Zhong
Published: June 2022

Postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is regarded as a common strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients at a high risk of recurrence. However, there are currently no clinically available biomarkers to predict adjuvant TACE response. Vessels that encapsulate tumor clusters (VETC) can be used as an independent predictor of HCC prognosis. In this study, we aimed to explore whether the VETC pattern could predict adjuvant TACE benefit. The survival benefit of adjuvant TACE therapy for patients with or without VETC pattern (VETC+/VETC-) was evaluated. Our results showed that the adjuvant TACE therapy obviously improved the TTR (median TTR: 10.0 vs. 36.0 months, P = 0.008) and OS (median OS: 17.7 vs. 53.2 months, P = 0.005) in VETC+ patients, while adjuvant TACE therapy could not benefit from VETC- patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that adjuvant TACE therapy significantly improved the TTR and OS in VETC+ patients, but not in VETC- patients. In addition, the VETC+, but not VETC-, patients could benefit from adjuvant TACE therapy in patients with high risk factors of vascular invasion, larger tumor or multiple tumor. The mechanistic investigations revealed that the favorable efficacy of adjuvant TACE on VETC+ patients, but not VETC- ones, may be not due to the activation of HIF-1α pathway. In conclusion, the VETC pattern may represent a novel and reliable factor for selecting HCC patients who may benefit from adjuvant TACE therapy, and the combination of VETC pattern and tumor characteristics may help stratify patients’ outcomes and responses to adjuvant TACE therapy.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in SARS-CoV-2 patients with acute neurological syndromes
Authors: Chaumont Hugo , Kaczorowski Flora , San-Galli Aurore , Michel Patrick Pierre , Tressières Benoit , Roze Emmanuel , Quadrio Isabelle , Lannuzel Annie
Published: June 2022

Background: Mechanisms underlying acute brain injury in SARS-CoV-2 patients remain poorly understood. A better characterization of such mechanisms remains essential to preventing long-term neurological sequelae. Our present aim was to study a panel of biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of NeuroCOVID patients.Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical and CSF biomarkers data from 24 NeuroCOVID adults seen at the University Hospital of Guadeloupe between March and June 2021.Results: Among 24 NeuroCOVID patients, 71% had encephalopathy and 29% a meningoencephalitis. A number of these patients also experienced de novo movement disorder (33%) or stroke (21%). The CSF analysis revealed intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in 54% of NeuroCOVID patients (two with a type 2 pattern and 11 with a type 3) and elevated neopterin levels in 75% of them (median 9.1 nM, IQR 5.6-22.1). CSF neurofilament light chain (NfL) was also increased compared to a control group of non-COVID-19 patients with psychiatric illnesses (2905 ng/L, IQR 1428-7124 versus 1222 ng/L, IQR 1049-1566). Total-tau was elevated in the CSF of 24% of patients, whereas protein 14-3-3, generally undetectable, reached intermediate levels in two patients. Finally, CSF Aß1-42 was reduced in 52.4% of patients (median 536 ng/L, IQR 432-904) with no change in the Aß1-42/Aß1-40 ratio (0.082, IQR 0.060-0.096).Conclusions: We showed an elevation of CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation in NeuroCOVID patients and a rise of CSF NfL, evocative of neuronal damage. However, longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether NeuroCOVID could evolve into a chronic neurodegenerative condition.
Ultrahigh-Q Guided Mode Resonances in An All-dielectric Metasurface
Authors: Huang Lujun , Jin Rong , Zhou Chaobiao , Li Guanhai , Xu Lei , Overvig Adam , Deng Fu , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei , Alu Andrea , Miroshnichenko Andrey
Published: June 2022

High quality (Q) factor optical resonators are indispensable for many photonic devices. While very large Q-factors can be obtained theoretically in guided mode settings, free-space implementations suffer from various limitations on the narrowest possible linewidth in real experiments. In these devices, the largest Q-factors are hindered by radiation loss induced by fabrication disorder. Complex photonic designs have been explored to enhance this response through either delicate engineering the topological features or carefully breaking symmetries. Here, we put forward a simple strategy to enable ultrahigh-Q guided-mode resonances in all-dielectric metasurfaces without breaking symmetry or carefully engineering topological quantities. We introduce a patterned perturbation layer on top of a multilayer waveguide system, aimed at exciting tailored guided-mode resonances from free space. We demonstrate that the associated Q-factors are inversely proportional to the perturbation squared, suggesting a simple way of achieving extremely high-Q resonances as the perturbation is reduced. The resonant wavelength can be conveniently tuned through material or structural parameters, such as the thickness and refractive index or the metasurface period, within a robust design strategy amenable for implementation in various platforms. We experimentally demonstrate such high-Q resonances at telecom wavelengths by fabricating a low-index photoresist layer photonic crystal slab on top of a 220nm top layer SOI substrate. The measurements show Q-factors up to 2.39x105, comparable to the largest Q-factor obtained by topological engineering, while the resonant wavelength is tuned by varying the lattice constant of the top perturbation layer. Our results hold great promise for exciting applications, such as sensors and filters.
Machine Learning Based Indian raga Identification for Music Therapy
Authors: K Anitha , D Parameshachari B
Published: June 2022

The concept of Music Therapy in India is approached with different terms like Music Therapy or Healing Music, Nada Chikitsa, Nada Yoga, Raga Chikitsa, and Raga Therapy. Out of many languages in the world, which are used to convey information, the language that everyone can understand is Music. All Humans can be influenced by music. Music is one mode of communication that is pleasant to listen and it heals many mental diseases. These powers of healing of Music are rediscovered in modern medicine using modern science. In recent times, treating persons with physical and mental health issues using music therapy is getting more significant. The main objective of this paper is to implement and evaluate the performance of raga identification using a machine learning algorithm and to compare the accuracy of the raga identification system which uses Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) as a feature and the system which uses pitch and chroma information along with MFCC features. A machine learning-based algorithm is proposed to identify the Raga recognition for music therapy. This method uses MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) feature along with Pitch and Chroma information for feature extraction. KNN method employed for classification of ragas. The proposed approach varies from existing methods where the notes of temporal information were ignored in the pitch-class profile method. The dataset has been collected from Kaggle to evaluate the proposed method. The proposed classification system is designed to identify different ragas (Asvari, Bageshree, Bhairavi, Darbari, and Yaman) in an open-set approach. The performance of the proposed classifier is observed to be 92.34%.
Barriers to Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer: A mixed-method study in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa
Authors: Plaisy Marie K. , Boni Simon P. , Coffie Patrick A. , Tanon Aristophane , Innocent Adoubi , Horo Apollinaire , Dabis François , Bekelynck Anne , Jaquet Antoine
Published: June 2022

Background: Cervical cancer, a major public health problem in many developing countries, is usually associated with a poor survival related to an advanced disease at diagnosis. In Côte d’Ivoire and other developing countries with high cervical cancer prevalence, little is known about factors associated with advanced cervical cancer stages in a context of limited access to screening services.Methods: From May to July 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study using a mixed, quantitative and qualitative method. Information on socio-demographic and history of the disease was extracted from a rapid case ascertainement study performed by the cancer registry of Côte d’Ivoire that enrolled all women diagnosed with cervical cancer between July 2018 and June 2019. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted among a subset of these women (12 women) and six healthcare providers to further capture barriers to early cervical cancer diagnosis. Factors associated with an advanced stage III, IV (according to FIGO classification) were estimated by a logistic regression model. Qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis technique guided by the treatment pathway model and triangulated with quantitative data. Results: In total, 95 women with cervical cancer [median age=51 (IQR 42-59)] years, were included. Among them, 18.9% were living with HIV and only 9.5% were covered by a health insurance. The majority (71.5%) were diagnosed with advanced cervical cancer. Being HIV-uninfected (aOR=5.4; [1.6-17.8], p=0.006) and being uninsured (aOR=13.1; [2.0-85.5], p=0.007) were independently associated with advanced cervical cancer in multivariate analysis. Qualitative data raised aditional factors potentially related to advanced cervical cancer stages at diagnosis including the lack of information on cervical cancer among healthcare providers and inadequate awareness and screening campaigns.Conclusion: In a context of challenges in access to systematic cervical cancer screening in Côte d'Ivoire, access to health insurance or integrated healthcare program appear to be key determinants of early diagnosis of cervical cancer.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychosocial well-being of children with neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Yu Michael Kwan Leung , Tso Winnie Wan Yee , Yip Ka Man , Wang Yu Liang , Wong Wilfred Hing Sang , Yiu Oscar Kuen Fong , Leung Lok Kan , Chan Godfrey Chi Fung , Ip Patrick , Chan Sophelia Hoi Shan
Published: June 2022

To examine the impact of COVID-19 on the psychosocial wellbeing in children with neuromuscular disorders (NMD), the parents of 41 children with NMD aged 3-12 years completed a survey during COVID-19 pandemic. The findings were compared to those of the parents of 164 matched typically-developed (TD) children. Health-related quality of life and lifestyle habits of the NMD group were compared with the TD group using independent two-sample t-test. Children with NMD with uninterrupted disease-modifying treatments showed higher PedsQL total scores during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic state (p=0.012). PedsQL total score in the NMD group was significantly lower than the TD group (p<0.001). Those with disrupted rehabilitation training (73.8% of NMD group) had significant lower PedsQL scores compared to those with continuous training (p = 0.012). Parental guidance on the usage of electronic devices was significantly associated with the total score of PedsQL, particularly in the NMD group (p=0.007). In conclusion, children with NMD have had a poorer quality of life than TD children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study highlights the importance of parental guidance on electronic device usage, the continuation of drug treatment, and rehabilitation training for the psychosocial wellbeing of children with NMD during the pandemic.
Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Children With Severe Pneumonia in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zhang Caiyan , Liu Tingyan , Wang Yixue , Chen Weimin , Liu Jing , Tao Jinhao , Zhu Xuemei , Zhang Zhenyu , Ming Meixiu , Wang Mingbang , Lu Guoping , Yan Gangfeng
Published: June 2022

Background: Severe pneumonia due to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Noninfectious respiratory syndromes resembling LRTIs can complicate the diagnosis and may also make targeted therapy difficult because of the difficulty of identifying LRTI pathogens. In the present study, a highly sensitive metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) approach was used to characterize the microbiome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in children with severe lower pneumonia and identify pathogenic microorganisms that may cause severe pneumonia.Methods: In total, 126 BALF samples were collected from children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with severe pneumonia, and mNGS was performed at the DNA and/or RNA level. The pathogenic microorganisms in BALF were identified and correlated with serological inflammatory indicators, lymphocyte subtypes, and clinical symptoms.Results: mNGS of BALF identified potentially pathogenic bacteria in children with severe pneumonia in the PICU. An increased BALF bacterial diversity index was positively correlated with serum inflammatory indicators and lymphocyte subtypes. Children with severe pneumonia in the PICU had the potential for coinfection with viruses including Epstein–Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Human betaherpesvirus 6B, the abundance of which was positively correlated with immunodeficiency and pneumonia severity, suggesting that the virus may be reactivated in children in the PICU. There was also the potential for coinfection with fungal pathogens including Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus in children with severe pneumonia in the PICU, and an increase in potentially pathogenic eukaryotic diversity in BALF was positively associated with the occurrence of death and sepsis.Conclusions: mNGS can be used for clinical microbiological testing of BALF samples from children in the PICU. Bacterial combined with viral or fungal infections may be present in the BALF of patients with severe pneumonia in the PICU. Viral or fungal infections are associated with greater disease severity and death.
Practical cardiac events intelligent diagnostic algorithm for wearable 12-lead ECG via self-supervised learning on large-scale dataset
Authors: Yang Wei , Feng Qianjin , Lai Jiewei , Tan Huixin , Wang Jinliang , Ji Lei , Guo Jun , Han Baoshi , Shi Yajun
Published: June 2022

Cardiovascular diseases have become a major global public health problem, and computer-aided diagnostic methods, particularly intelligent diagnosis, play an increasingly important role in electrocardiograms (ECGs). Transient and nonrhythmic arrhythmias are often easier to detect via continuous monitoring by wearable ECGs, and earlier treatment of these diseases is of great significance to patient health. Users often upload massive ECG data, and not all of them can be diagnosed by cardiologists, which is an opportunity and also our motivation to mine the information from these large amounts of ECGs. We collected 658,486 wearable 12-lead ECGs, among which 164,538 were diagnosed by a cardiologist and reviewed by senior cardiologists, and the remaining 493,948 ECGs were without diagnosis information. We used all ECGs to train a Siamese network via contrastive learning, then transferred the pretrained weights to the downstream classification network. Wearable ECGs are more prone to myoelectric artifacts, motion artifacts and electrode shedding than standard resting-state ECGs. To improve the robustness of the model, we designed four data augmentation operations for 1D digital multilead ECG signals. Our model can recognize 55 cardiac events, including normal rhythm, sinus rhythm, eight waveform changes and 45 common arrhythmias, and it achieved the average area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and average F1 score on offline test of 0.979 and 0.618; the average sensitivity, average specificity and average F1 score during the three-month online test are 0.837, 0.961 and 0.602, respectively. Our model was evaluated on a large-scale online test set and confirmed by cardiologists to be practical in the real world. This approach can detect and recognize 55 cardiac events in a fine-grained manner, provide users with real-time intelligent diagnosis, and screen abnormal fragments in long-term ECG monitoring for further diagnosis by cardiologists.
Analysis of the potential of the Hydromorphological Index for Rivers (HIR) in the hydromorphological assessment of watercourses in the Central European Plain
Authors: Garbowski Tomasz , Brysiewicz Adam , Nosek Justyna , Bar-Michalczyk Dominika , Czerniejewski Przemysław
Published: June 2022

The assessment of hydromorphological conditions of watercourses is a requirement of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and of many national river status monitors. This paper evaluates the hydromorphological status of 10 watercourses (30 measurement sections) in Poland based on the calculated multimetric HIR. A new approach to the delineation of the riparian zone of rivers (small watercourses) was proposed. An analysis of the influence of river valley management on the value of HIR and its components was carried out using the statistical methods (descriptive statistics, ANOVA method with Scheffé's test). In addition, an analysis of the relationship between the component the WRH (Hydromorphological Diversity Index) and WPH (Hydromorphology Transformation Index) was performed (Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient). HIR values for the studied watercourse sections ranged from 0.553 to 0.825. WRH values ranged from 27.5 to 75.5 and WPH from 2.0 to 17.5. The results of the basic statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the two riparian zone delineation methods. The one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in the test significance level of the WRH, WPH and HIR for the riparian zone delineation methods. Spearman's rank correlation analysis confirmed that the WRH parameter has a significant influence on the HIR index. The juxtaposition of the two methods for delineating a river's riparian zone and its influence on the HIR allows for a better understanding of the interdependence between the parameters of this indicator.
Postmortem lung biopsy for COVID-19 patients in Iraq.
Authors: AL-ZAIDI HAIDER MAJID HAIDER , Abdulrazaq Alaa Abdulqader , Badr Hani Musa , Ahmed Basim Shehab
Published: June 2022

Background: The entire world was affected by the outbreak of novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which influenced daily life worldwide and affected the medical, social, and economic prospects of all nations. This virus occurs clinically in four variants: Asymptomatic; mild upper respiratory tract infection (URTI); anosmia and/or ageusia as the only symptoms; and severe systemic disease, such as bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Approximately 20% of the population develops the severe course associated with cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Those who develop lung injury and dyspnea have a higher mortality. An autopsy can reveal the pathogenesis and determine the cause of death.Objectives: to understand the pathophysiological changes that occur in lung tissue in COVID-19 affected individuals and specify the cause of death.Patients and methods: This is a case series of post-mortem lung histopathology examinations of deceased COVID-19 positive patients. Samples were collected from postmortem models were acquired from six diseased individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain (PCR) reaction and subsequently passed away in the tertiary hospital between July and September 2020 as a result of COVID-19. Their slides and paraffin embedded blocks regarding lung biopsies, together with their reports, were obtained and submitted for assessment by two pathologists (specialist and consultant) for further assessment of lung changes caused by COVID-19.Results: Only 2 of the 6 patients confirmed features of diffuse alveolar injury with hyaline layer and fibrin thrombi in pulmonary arteries, small vessel congestion, and pulmonary infarction. Two patients demonstrated diffuse alveolar fibrosis (organizing pneumonia), severe inflammation, and foci of squamous metaplasia, in addition to the deposition of carbon particles. One case had diffuse pulmonary fibrosis with pulmonary artery thrombosis without an inflammatory background. One case showed intra-alveolar atypical large cells, ischemic necrosis, and severe inflammation with intra-alveolar macrophages and pneumocyte hyperplasia.
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome: medical genetic consulting, treatment strategy for family members, prophylactic total gastrectomy, and endoscopic surveillance in CDH1- and CTNNA1-mutation carriers
Authors: Kovalenko N. V. , Zhavoronkova V. V. , Postolov M. P. , Suvorov V. A.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the study was to summarize available data on genetic counseling for people with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome, treatment strategies for family members with HDGC, prophylactic gastrectomy (PGE), and surveillance of CDH1 and CTNNA1 mutation carriers. Material and methods. A literature search was conducted using Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, Cochrane Library, and RSCI databases. Results. HDGC syndrome is an inherited genetic syndrome that leads to the increased risk for both diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) and lobular breast cancer (LBC). About 1 to 3% of all gastric cancer cases are HDGCs. A high frequency of CDH1 gene mutation was frst identifed by P. Guilford et al. in 1998 in 3 Maori families from New Zealand. The cumulative risk for HDGC in CDH1 mutation carriers is 42 to 70% for men and 33-56% for women at the age of 80 years. Due to the rarity of the disease, the main publications dealing with this problem are clinical case descriptions. Conclusion. Multicenter clinical trials are required to improve screening and management of HDGC syndrome.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kit O. I. , Frantsiyants E. M. , Katelnitskaya O. V.
Published: June 2022

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is often diagnosed in patients with pancreatic cancer, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Objective: to study the relationship between clinical characteristics and hemostatic disorders in patients with pancreatic cancer and determine their role in predicting VTE. Material and Methods. The study included 246 patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 91.9 % of patients. In most patients (68.3 %), the tumor was localized in the head of the pancreas; 45.9 % of patients had stage IV disease at diagnosis (T1–4N0–2M1); 31.7 % of patients manifested jaundice at diagnosis. A small proportion of patients (17.5 %) received chemotherapy, and 28 % of patients underwent surgery. Within the 12-month follow-up period, the frequency of VTE was 15.4 %. Clinical characteristics and hemostasis parameters were retrospectively compared in patients with VTE and without VTE diagnosed during the follow-up period. Results. The risk of developing VTE in cancer patients was higher with a larger tumor size and the presence of distant metastases. The initial high level of D-dimers increased the risk of VTE during the frst 12 months of diagnosis. In a multivariate analysis, the elevated level of D-dimers was a signifcant risk factor for VTE. Conclusions. The tumor size, advanced tumor stage (stage IV), and elevated levels of D-dimer in patients with pancreatic cancer are of prognostic signifcance for VTE. The study of hemostasis parameters (D-dimer) can help identify patients at risk of developing VTE, who are advised to take anticoagulant therapy with low hemorrhagic risk.