bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power Optimization in Wireless Sensor Network Using VLSI Technique on FPGA Platform
Authors: Leelakrishnan Saranya , Chakrapani Arvind
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, the demand for high-performance wireless sensor networks (WSN) is increasing, and its power requirement has threatened the survival of WSN. The routing methods cannot optimize power consumption. To improve the power consumption, VLSI based power optimization technology is proposed in this article. Different elements in WSN, such as sensor nodes, modulation schemes, and package data transmission, influence energy usage. Following a WSN power study, it was discovered that lowering the energy usage of sensor networks is critical in WSN. In this manuscript, a power optimization model for wireless sensor networks (POM-WSN) is proposed. The proposed system shows how to build and execute a power-saving strategy for WSNs using a customized collaborative unit with parallel processing capabilities on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and a smart power component. The customizable cooperation unit focuses on applying specialized hardware to customize Operating System speed and transfer it to a soft intel core. This device decreases the OS (Operating System) central processing unit (CPU) overhead associated with installing processor-based IoT (Internet of Things) devices. The smart power unit controls the soft CPU’s clock and physical peripherals, putting them in the right state depending on the hardware requirements of the program (tasks) being executed. Furthermore, by taking the command signal from a collaborative custom unit, it is necessary to adjust the amplitude and current. The efficiency and energy usage of the FPGA-based energy saver approach for sensor nodes are compared to the energy usage of processor-based WSN nodes implementations. Using FPGA programmable architecture, the research seeks to build effective power-saving approaches for WSNs.
A preliminary investigation on enabling digital twin technology for operations and maintenance of urban underground infrastructure
Authors: Cheng Xi , Wang Chen , Liang Fayun , Wang Haofen , Yu Xiong Bill
Published: March 2024

Underground infrastructure plays a kind of crucial role in modern production and living, especially in big cities where the ground space has been fully utilized. In the context of recent advancements in digital technology, the demand for the application of digital twin technology in underground infrastructure has become increasingly urgent as well. However, the interaction and co-integration between underground engineering entities and virtual models remain relatively limited, primarily due to the unique nature of underground engineering data and the constraints imposed by the development of information technology. This research focuses on underground engineering infrastructure and provides an overview of the application of novel information technologies. Furthermore, a comprehensive framework for digital twin implementation, which encompasses five dimensions and combines emerging technologies, has been proposed. It thereby expands the horizons of the intersection between underground engineering and digital twins. Additionally, a practical project in Wenzhou serves as a case study, where a comprehensive database covering the project’s entire life cycle has been established. The physical model is visualized, endowed with functional implications and data analysis capabilities, and integrated with the visualization platform to enable dynamic operation and maintenance management of the project.
CIM-WV: A 2D semantic segmentation dataset of rich window view contents in high-rise, high-density Hong Kong based on photorealistic city information models
Authors: Li Maosu , Yeh Anthony G. O. , Xue Fan
Published: March 2024

Large-scale assessment of window views is demanded for precise housing valuation and quantified evidence for improving the built environment, especially in high-rise, high-density cities. However, the absence of a semantic segmentation dataset of window views forbids an accurate pixel-level assessment. This paper presents a City Information Model (CIM)-generated Window View (CIM-WV) dataset comprising 2,000 annotated images collected in the high-rise, high-density urban areas of Hong Kong. The CIM-WV includes seven semantic labels, i.e., building, sky, vegetation, road, waterbody, vehicle, and terrain. Experimental results of training a well-known deep learning (DL) model, DeepLab V3+ , on CIM-WV, achieved a high performance (per-class Intersection over Union (IoU) ≥ 86.23%) on segmenting major landscape elements, i.e., building, sky, vegetation, and waterbody, and consistently outperformed the transfer learning on a popular real-world street view dataset, Cityscapes. The DeepLab V3+ model trained on CIM-WV was robust (mIoU ≥ 72.09%) in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon Peninsula, and enhanced the semantic segmentation accuracy of real-world and Google Earth CIM-generated window view images. The contribution of this paper is three-fold. CIM-WV is the first public CIM-generated photorealistic window view dataset with rich semantics. Secondly, comparative analysis shows a more accurate window view assessment using DL from CIM-WV than deep transfer learning from ground-level views. Last, for urban researchers and practitioners, our publicly accessible DL models trained on CIM-WV enable novel multi-source window view-based urban applications including precise real estate valuation, improvement of built environment, and window view-related urban analytics.
Effects of straw returning on photochemical process and imidacloprid degradation in paddy water through a field experiment
Authors: Li Mabo , Zeng Yu , Fu Qinglong , Zhang Mingyang , Chen Ning , Wang Yujun , Zhou Dongmei , Fang Guodong
Published: March 2024

Straw returning is an important strategy for effectively using straw resources to improve soil fertility and quality, but the effects of this process on reactive intermediates (RIs) formation in paddy water are not fully explored. In this study, we conducted a field experiment to explore the effects of straw returning on RIs formation including triplet chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2) in paddy water. It was found that straw returning considerably increased the steady-state concentration of RIs, and the application of rice straw with 25% and 75% organic replacement ratio increased RIs concentration by 2.52 and 2.25 times, respectively. The optical spectroscopy, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis and structural equation model showed that straw returning produces abundant humified and aromatic DOM containing fulvic acid, lignin and protein-like substances, which could induce more RIs under irradiation. In addition, straw returning significantly accelerated imidacloprid (IMD) degradation, yielding degradation products that were highly toxic to aquatic animals (i.e., fish and daphnia) but less toxic to aquatic plants (i.e., green algae). This study would offer an innovative viewpoint on the effects of straw returning on the photochemistry of paddy water and the naturally occurring abiotic degradation pathway of organic contaminants.
International Economic Law in the Era of Datafication
Authors: Peng Shin-yi
Published: March 2024

This book addresses the challenges of datafication through the lens of international economic law. We are undergoing a wave of datafication practices. If such practices simply continue to evolve without being examined and repaired along the existing path of development, the same issues will continue to accumulate and will more than likely be amplified. The unprecedented economic and social influence of big tech has served as the catalyst for the concept of 'digital sovereignty,' which is rooted in the need to safeguard regulatory autonomy in a datafied world. The current wave of data-driven innovations has placed the policy debates on digital trade and data governance into an even more challenging context. The book – whose chapters are connected by the many facets of 'data' - systematically explains how international economic law can reduce the perils of datafication instead of enhancing them. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
The Price of Empire
Authors: Evers Miles M. , Grynaviski Eric
Published: March 2024

The United States was an upside-down British Empire. It had an agrarian economy, few large investors, and no territorial holdings outside of North America. However, decades before the Spanish-American War, the United States quietly began to establish an empire across thousands of miles of Pacific Ocean. While conventional wisdom suggests that large interests – the military and major business interests – drove American imperialism, The Price of Empire argues that early American imperialism was driven by small entrepreneurs. When commodity prices boomed, these small entrepreneurs took risks, racing ahead of the American state. Yet when profits were threatened, they clamoured for the US government to follow them into the Pacific. Through novel, intriguing stories of American small businessmen, this book shows how American entrepreneurs manipulated the United States into pursuing imperial projects in the Pacific. It explores their travels abroad and highlights the consequences of contemporary struggles for justice in the Pacific.
Salience of Information in Japanese
Authors: Shimojo Mitsuaki
Published: March 2024

'Salience' is a linguistic phenomenon whereby information that is 'given', or 'new', is distributed and presented within a sentence in particular ways that convey its relevance. Although it has been widely described as the speaker's linguistic choices based on the hearer's perspective, it has received less attention as the speaker's manipulations of the hearer's cognitive states. This timely study redresses that balance by analysing several morphosyntactic phenomena in Japanese, drawing on a wide range of authentic language examples. Taking a functionalist perspective, it brings together studies of grammar and discourse, which are often described separately, and deploys the combined grammar-discourse approach in Role and Reference Grammar, the structural-functionalist theory in which syntax, semantics, and pragmatics are equally central to our understanding of language. It also offers an analysis of second language (L2) learners' Japanese discourse, and demonstrates the relevance of that analysis to issues outside of traditional second language research.
Sharing Freedom
Authors: Rousselière Geneviève
Published: March 2024

The French have long self-identified as champions of universal emancipation, yet the republicanism they adopted has often been faulted for being exclusionary – of women, foreigners, and religious and ethnic minorities. Can republicanism be an attractive alternative to liberalism, communism, and communitarianism, or is it fundamentally flawed? Sharing Freedom traces the development of republicanism from an older elitist theory of freedom into an inclusive theory of emancipation during the French Revolution. It uncovers the theoretical innovations of Rousseau and of revolutionaries such as Sieyès, Robespierre, Condorcet, and Grouchy. We learn how they struggled to adapt republicanism to the new circumstances of a large and diverse France, full of poor and dependent individuals with little education or experience of freedom. Analysing the argumentative logic that led republicans to justify the exclusion of many, this book renews the republican tradition and connects it with the enduring issues of colonialism, immigration, slavery, poverty and gender.
Conjugated Polymers for Organic Electronics
Authors: Grimsdale Andrew , Dastoor Paul
Published: March 2024

Focusing on how conjugated polymers can be designed and made for use in efficient organic electronic devices, this book covers the tools for future development of more environmentally and economically friendly devices. Including examples of interdisciplinary science, it exemplifies how chemists and physicists work together to enable the design and synthesis of high-performance material in devices, allowing polymer-based electronic devices to become viable commercial products. It provides the main classes of conjugated polymers and their applications in organic electronic devices such as transistors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells, making this a comprehensive introduction. This complete guide includes the methods for making conjugated polymers, the properties and specific structures that make them suitable for use, and how their synthesis can be optimised to improve device performance. Written by experts in the field, this is the ideal guide for researchers and practitioners across materials science, physics, chemistry, and electrical engineering.
Thomist Libertarianism is Committed to Mysterianism
Authors: Babakhanian Armand
Published: March 2024

In recent years, a large amount of scholarship has been written about St Thomas Aquinas’s views on free will and determinism. This paper is an attempt to bring some Thomist views of libertarian free will into dialogue with analytic philosopher Peter van Inwagen and his ‘mysterianism’ about free will. The thesis of this paper is that Thomist libertarians about free will are committed to Peter van Inwagen’s mysterianism about free will. The paper intends to accomplish this aim by showing how recent accounts of Thomist libertarianism cannot defeat the intuitive strength of van Inwagen’s ‘Replay argument’. The significance of this conclusion is that some Thomists are committed to mysterianism and that mysterianism is a legitimate position a Thomist can hold. This also provides evidence that the Thomist tradition can grow and be nourished by engagement with contemporary analytic philosophy.
Gemeinsam ein generalistisches Curriculum entwickeln
Authors: Kiemel Rita
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung: Der folgende Artikel beschreibt schwerpunktmäßig die gemeinsame Arbeit von Kolleg_innen der beiden Lernorte Schule und Praxis im Wohlfahrtswerk für Baden-Württemberg. Beispielhaft wird dies an dem Pflichteinsatz „Psychiatrische Pflege“ (3. Ausbildungsdrittel) verdeutlicht. Praxisnah und erfahrungsbasiert werden Ergebnisse, Erkenntnisse und der Umgang mit Herausforderungen des Praxisprojektes aufgegriffen.
Das Paradoxon der warmherzigen Gewalt
Authors: Jäger Peter
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung: Laterale Gewalt an Auszubildenden der Pflege ist ein nicht im öffentlichen Bewusstsein diskutiertes Problem, welches eine stark vulnerable Gruppe betrifft. Paradoxerweise ist es gerade die Sozialisierung als „bescheidene und geduldige Schwester“, welche entscheidend zur Ursache beiträgt. Gleichzeitig kann die Akademisierung der Pflege einen möglichen Ausweg darstellen.
Contrasting Recording Efficiency of Chemical Versus Depositional Remanent Magnetization in Sediments
Authors: Roud Sophie C. , Gilder Stuart A.
Published: March 2024

How and when sedimentary rocks record Earth's magnetic field is complex. Most studies assume a time‐progressive lock‐in mechanism during sediment deposition called depositional remanent magnetization (DRM). However, magnetic minerals can also form in situ, recording a chemical remanent magnetization (CRM) that is discontinuous in time. Disentangling the two mechanisms represents a major hurdle, and differences in their recording efficiencies remain unexplored. Here, our theoretical solutions demonstrate that CRM intensities exceed DRM by a factor of six when acquired in the same magnetic field. Novel experiments growing greigite (Fe3S4) in sediments and subsequent redeposition under identical magnetic field conditions confirm the predicted difference in recording efficiency. Thus, if left unrecognized, CRM leads to overestimated paleointensity and deserves more attention when interpreting Earth's magnetic history from sedimentary records. Recognition of fundamental differences between CRM and DRM characteristics provide a way forward to distinguish the recording mechanisms through routine laboratory protocols.
The contribution of low Apgar scores in identifying neonates with short-term morbidities in a large single center cohort
Authors: Huang Samuel , Yitayew Miheret , Rozycki Henry J.
Published: March 2024

Objective

To evaluate the association and utility of low 1- and 5-min Apgar scores to identify short-term morbidities in a large newborn cohort.

Methods

15,542 infants >22 weeks gestation from a single center were included. Clinical data and low Apgar scores were analyzed for significance to ten short-term outcomes and were used to construct Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves and the AUC calculated for ten outcomes.

Results

A low Apgar score related to all (1-min) or most (5-min) outcomes by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Including any of the 4 low Apgar scores only improved the clinical factor AUC by 0.9% ± 2.7% (±SD) and was significant in just 5 of the 40 score/outcome scenarios.

Conclusion

The contribution of a low Apgar score for identifying risk of short-term morbidity does not appear to be clinically significant.
Exome sequencing and genome-wide association analyses unveils the genetic predisposition in hydroxychloroquine retinopathy
Authors: Chiu Hsun-I , Cheng Hui-Chen , Wu Chih-Chiau , Chen Shih-Jen , Hwang De-Kuang , Huang Yi-Ming , Chou Yu-Bai , Lin Po-Kang , Lin Tai-Chi , Chen Ko-Hua , Lin Pei-Yu , Chang Yu-Fan , Wang An-Guor
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To unveil the candidate susceptibility genes in chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) retinopathy using whole exome sequencing (WES) and genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Methods

Patients with a diagnosis of CQ/HCQ retinopathy based on the comprehensive demographic and ocular examination were included. The peripheral blood was extracted for WES and GWAS analyses. The Chinese Han Southern database from 1000 genomes was used as control group to compare the affected percentage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, HCQ dose, duration and renal disease were used to analyze the correlation between genetic variants and visual outcome. A poor vision outcome was defined as visual acuity <6/12. An abnormal anatomical outcome was defined as disruption of ellipsoid zone in the fovea.

Results

Twenty-nine patients with an average age of 60.9 ± 13.4 years, treatment duration of 12.1 ± 6.2 years, daily dose of 8.5 ± 4.1 mg/kg, and the cumulative dose of 1637.5 ± 772.5 g, were genotyped. Several candidate genes associated with CQ/HCQ retinopathy were found, including RP1L1, RPGR and RPE65, with a difference of affected percentage over 50% in mutation between the case and control groups. New foci in CCDC66: rs56616026 (OR = 63.43, p = 1.63 × 10−8) and rs56616023 (OR = 104.7, p = 5.02 × 10-10) were identified significantly associated with HCQ retinopathy. Multivariate analysis revealed increased genetic variants were significantly associated with poor functional (OR = 1.600, p = 0.004) and structural outcome (OR = 1.318, p = 0.043).

Conclusions

Several candidate susceptibility genes including RP1L1, RPGR, RPE65 and CCDC66 were identified to be associated with CQ/HCQ retinopathy. In addition to disease susceptibility, patients with increased genetic variants are more vulnerable to poor visual outcomes.
shinyMBA: a novel R shiny application for quality control of the multiplex bead assay for serosurveillance studies
Authors: Matson Zachary , Cooley Gretchen , Parameswaran Nishanth , Simon Ashley , Bankamp Bettina , Coughlin Melissa M.
Published: March 2024

The multiplex bead assay (MBA) based on Luminex xMAP technology can be used as a tool to measure seroprevalence as part of population immunity evaluations to multiple antigens in large-scale serosurveys. However, multiplexing several antigens presents challenges for quality control (QC) assessments of the data because multiple parameters must be evaluated for each antigen. MBA QC parameters include monitoring bead counts and median fluorescence intensity (MFI) for each antigen in plate wells, and performance of assay controls included on each plate. Analyzing these large datasets to identify plates failing QC standards presents challenges for many laboratories. We developed a novel R Shiny application, shinyMBA, to expedite the MBA QC processes and reduce the risk of user error. The app allows users to rapidly merge multi-plate assay outputs to evaluate bead count, MFI, and performance of assay controls using statistical process control charts for all antigen targets simultaneously. The utility of the shinyMBA application and its various outputs are demonstrated using data from 32 synthetic xPONENT files with 3 multiplex antigens and two population serosurveillance studies that evaluated 1200 and 3871 samples, respectively, for 20 multiplexed antigens. The shinyMBA open-source code is available for download and modification athttps://github.com/CDCgov/shinyMBA. Incorporation of shinyMBA into Luminex serosurveillance workflows can vastly improve the speed and accuracy of QC processes.
Effect of endoscopic therapy and drug therapy on prognosis and rebleeding in patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding
Authors: Jiang Jing-jing , Gao Chun , Mao Jun-feng , Yang Guo-yuan , Huang Jun , Yu Xiao-hui , Tan Yong , Zhang Jiu-cong , Zheng Xiao-feng
Published: March 2024

Esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EVB) is one of the common digestive system emergencies with poor prognosis and high rate of rebleeding after treatment. To explore the effects of endoscopic therapy and drug therapy on the prognosis and rebleeding of patients with EVB, and then select better treatment methods to effectively improve the prognosis. From January 2013 to December 2022, 965 patients with EVB who were hospitalized in gastroenterology Department of the 940 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Forces of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into endoscopic treatment group (ET, n = 586) and drug treatment group (DT, n = 379). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed in both groups, and the general information, efficacy and length of hospital stay were recorded. The patients were followed up for 3 months after bleeding control to determine whether rebleeding occurred. There were 286 cases in each group after PSM. Compared with DT group, ET had higher treatment success rate (P < 0.001), lower rebleeding rate (P < 0.001), lower mortality rate within 3 months, and no significant difference in total hospital stay (P > 0.05). Compared with drug therapy, endoscopic treatment of EVB has short-term efficacy advantages, and can effectively reduce the incidence of rebleeding and mortality within 3 months.
Self-reported perceptions of ethical and professional expectations of medical students in China and the influence of voluntary work during the COVID-19: a survey on “Five Characteristics”
Authors: Shen Hui , Wu Hongyu , Zhang Ning , Zhang Yuchen , Wu Zhengyang , Cheng Beiping , Wang Minao , Liu Xuefei
Published: March 2024

In the post-pandemic era, there is a need for medical professionals with creativity, clinical expertise, and social responsibility. The Chinese government issued a directive to enhance the “Five Characteristics” perceptions of medical students, incorporating moral integrity and adeptness in saving lives and aiding the injured, embracing a compassionate approach to medical practice, possessing the knowledge essential for academic distinction, mastering technical expertise, and the artistry of applying scientific methodologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the opinions related to ethics and professional behaviors of medical students at one Chinese medical school using a validated 19-item survey instrument and analyze its influencing factors. We conducted a survey in a medical university in Anhui Province, China, and collected 1966 valid questionnaires using the “Five Characteristics Rating Scale”. The results indicated high perceptions of “Five Characteristics” among Chinese medical students (85.42 ± 8.727). Lower-grade-year medical students (86.59 ± 7.888) had higher “Five Characteristics” perceptions than upper-grade-year medical students (84.29 ± 9.327, P < 0.05). In addition, medical students experiencing voluntary work during the COVID-19 pandemic showed higher perceptions (86.21 ± 8.357) than those without such experience (85.13 ± 8.842, P < 0.05). Grade year and voluntary work experience during the COVID-19 pandemic were influencing factors of “Five Characteristics” perceptions. Our research offers a theoretical foundation for governments and medical schools to cultivate doctors with high ethical standards and professional expectations.
Bacteria as a Source of Bioactive Cosmeceuticals
Authors: Mazumder Md. Anisur Rahman , Jubayer Md. Fahad , Kayshar Md. Shahidullah , Peter Dayanand , Ranganathan Thottiam Vasudevan
Published: March 2024

The cosmetics industry is constantly searching for new methodologies and materials as it seeks to innovate and find new ways to reduce its environmental impact. Cosmetics are complex multiphase systems that include different components with distinct functions in the final product. Bacterial polysaccharides are biocompatible, biodegradable, and usually nontoxic natural biopolymers. Bacterial polysaccharides possess several properties (such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, film-forming, gelling, and thickening) that can provide protective effects on the skin, improving the efficacy of formulations while maintaining the skin in a good condition. Beside the bacterial polysaccharides, bacterial cellulose and bacterial pigments have also gained attention for their potential use as cosmetic ingredients. Bacterial cellulose has high biocompatibility, skin adhesion, and water retention, in addition to being a sustainable alternative material. Bacterial pigments, on the other hand, are a unique and sustainable source of bioactive color compounds used in cosmetics, food, textiles, printing, and pharmaceutical products. In this chapter, the principal properties of various bacterial components are discussed and summarized for their role in bioactive cosmeceuticals.
Triple click chemistry for crosslinking, stiffening, and annealing of gelatin-based microgels
Authors: Chang Chun-Yi , Nguyen Han , Frahm Ellen , Kolaczyk Keith , Lin Chien-Chi
Published: March 2024

This work presents a new granular hydrogel preparation workflow using gelatin-norbornene-carbohydrazide, a macromer amenable to three orthogonal click chemistries for microgel crosslinking, stiffening, and annealing into granular hydrogels.
Dynamic compaction of cohesive granular materials: scaling behavior and bonding structures
Authors: Sonzogni Max , Vanson Jean-Mathieu , Ioannidou Katerina , Reynier Yvan , Martinet Sébastien , Radjai Farhang
Published: March 2024

The compaction of cohesive granular materials is a common operation in powder-based manufacture of many products.
A 3D heteropolyoxoniobate framework based on heart-shaped {Te2Nb19O60} clusters with proton conductivity property
Authors: Wu Ping-Xin , Han Yue , Lin Yu-Jin , Sun Yan-Qiong , Zheng Shou-Tian
Published: March 2024

A 3D tellurium-substituted heteropolyoxoniobate framework with a 6-connected pcu topology is constructed from new heart-shaped {Te2Nb19O60} tellurniobate clusters and copper complexes. This compound exhibits good stability and proton conductivity.
Synthesis of short DNA and RNA fragments by resonant acoustic mixing (RAM)
Authors: Thorpe James D. , Marlyn Julian , Koenig Stefan G. , Damha Masad J.
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate the first use of Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM) without bulk solvent for the synthesis of short oligonucleotide fragments.
Visible-light-promoted regioselective hydrocarboxylation of allenes with formate salt and CO2
Authors: Zhang Xian-Ming , Liu Bao-En , Zhang Zhen-Qiang , Zhan Zhuang-Ping
Published: March 2024

Visible-light-promoted regioselective hydrocarboxylation of allenes with formate salt and CO2 was developed for the first time using commercially available [Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)]PF6 as a photocatalyst.
A formal vinylic substitution reaction for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated enol esters and their anticancer potential
Authors: Swami Bhawna , Kumari Neetu , Maruthi Mulaka , Kunjunny Neethu K. , Menon Rajeev S.
Published: March 2024

Cesium carbonate promoted a ‘formal vinylic substitution’ of the bromine in 2-bromoallyl sulfones by α,β-unsaturated acids. The arylsulfonyl group-bearing enol esters thus produced displayed promising levels of anticancer activity.
Boosted unsupervised feature selection for tumor gene expression profiles
Authors: Shi Yifan , Yang Kaixiang , Wang Mengzhi , Yu Zhiwen , Zeng Huanqiang , Hu Yang
Published: March 2024

In an unsupervised scenario, it is challenging but essential to eliminate noise and redundant features for tumour gene expression profiles. However, the current unsupervised feature selection methods treat all samples equally, which tend to learn discriminative features from simple samples. Besides, it is difficult for these methods to guide the feature selection process by multiple feature subspaces comprehensively. In order to address these problems, a boosted unsupervised feature selection method (BoostUFS) is proposed for tumour gene expression profiles. Specifically, the authors design a boosting scheme to sequentially learn multiple compressed feature subspaces by focusing on ambiguous samples. The uncertainty of samples and the confidence of feature subspaces can be evaluated adaptively by minimising the overall loss of feature subspaces learning. Furthermore, we provide a consensus objective function with L2,1‐norm regularisation to combine these weighted feature subspaces and select discriminative features. Extensive experiments on several real‐world datasets of tumour gene expression profiles are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
AI‐enabled bumpless transfer control strategy for legged robot with hybrid energy storage system
Authors: Huang Zhiwu , Yu Zi , Peng Hui , Wang Zixuan , Dai Xiaokang , Liu Weirong , Wang Jing
Published: March 2024

Designing Hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for a legged robot is significant to improve the motion performance and energy efficiency of the robot. However, switching between the driving mode and regenerative braking mode in the HESS may generate a torque bump, which has brought significant challenges to the stability of the robot locomotion. To address this issue, an AI‐enabled control strategy for bumpless transfer switching is proposed, which is composed of a Proximal Policy Optimisation (PPO)‐based non‐linear active disturbance rejection controller and Deep neural network (DNN)‐based bumpless transfer strategy. We indicate that the proposed intelligent strategy solves bumpless transfer by reducing the torque bump during the system switching process. Meanwhile, the authors analyse the energy driving subsystem and the energy regenerating subsystem based on operational modes and the energy flow. Via the parameters tuning criterion, the authors adopt a PPO algorithm to adaptively tune the parameters of the non‐linear active disturbance rejection controller, which can improve the performance of the primary torque control. A DNN‐based intelligent bumpless transfer strategy is proposed to set the initial value of two switching controllers at a switching moment. Simulations and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Wave propagation in finite discrete chains unravelled by virtual measurement of dispersion properties
Authors: Wang Zixin , He Guoqin , Wang Yichen , Fan Jiangwei , Zhang Yumeng , Chai Yisheng , Shang Dashan , Lu Sigma‐Jun
Published: March 2024

Travelling waves in circuit chains are studied to measure continuous dispersion. A lock‐in frequency meter (LIF) is suitable for precisely determining k for each set of waves in finite alternate LC chains, where LIF has been proven to be more accurate than the fast Fourier transform. In addition to the –k measurement, the wave impedance spectrum of the travelling wave can be measured simultaneously, for investigating the dispersion and splitting of pulse propagation. The measured dispersion is validated to be consistent with the derived theoretical equations. The result provides an independent way to precisely obtain dynamical system properties for chains composed of non‐ideal components, such as resistors for researching non‐Hermitian behaviour under dissipation. Systematical mapping of relative deviation dependence of wave dispersion measurement with LIF on different chain length and component variation is studied, indicating boundaries of 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01% precision for guidance of experiments.
Traditional Culinary Potentials as an Attractiveness and Gastro-Diplomacy for Madura Culinary Tourism
Authors: Adhianata Heni , Ari Wibowo Moh. , Iskandar Zaldy
Published: March 2024

Traditional food is a symbol of cultural identity and plays an important role in preserving regional culinary tourism. The potential for Madura’s traditional food is very large if seen from the diversity of the traditional food types. The increasing number of visiting tourist every year also has the potential to develop Madura’s culinary tourism. The aim of this study is to carry out mapping to assess regional culinary potential, so that it can be used as a culinary tourism attraction in particular and improve the Madura tourism sector in general through diplomacy using culinary culture. The research approach used in this study is a qualitative method by field observations, documentation, and culinary management interviews. The focus of this research is the gastronomy of typical Madura’s traditional food as a cultural identity and the potential for Madura’s culinary and tourism development. The research results show that Madura’s traditional food is dominated by local food such as bebek songkem; bebek sinjay; sate madura; soto madura and kaldu kokot. The food characteristics are strong taste, predominantly salty, and made from animal raw materials. The rich taste and historical value of Madura’s traditional food is an attraction for tourist to visit.
Cosmology with galaxy clusters: An improved multiwavelength analysis
Authors: Aymerich G. , Douspis M. , Pratt G.W. , Salvati L. , Soubrié E. , Andrade-Santos F. , Forman W. , Jones C.
Published: March 2024

We provide a new scaling relation using a sample of clusters from a full re-observation by the X-ray Chandra telescope of the Planck ESZ catalogue, and compare it to the results of the Planck collaboration obtained from a smaller sample of XMM-Newton observations. We discuss the expected effects of the change of the scaling relation parameters on the cosmological constraints obtained from the Planck cluster sample, and the remaining steps to obtain final constraints from this new scaling relation.
The z-GAL survey
Authors: Berta S. , Cox P. , Ismail D. ,   the z-GAL collaboration
Published: March 2024

The z-GAL survey observed 137 bright Herschel-selected galaxies with the IRAM Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) to measure their spectroscopic redshift. It detected several multiple sources and secured the spectroscopic redshift of a total of 165 individual galaxies over the range 0.8 < z < 6.5. The wealth of information provided by the NOEMA spectra allowed us to study the physical properties of these galaxies. By modelling their spectral energy distributions, we determined their dust mass, Mdust, temperature, Tdust, and emissivity index, βdust and found a significant anti-correlation between Tdust and βdust. Using the detected 12CO lines, we derived the molecular gas mass of the z-GAL sources. Combining the molecular lines and the dust continuum emission, we computed their gas depletion timescales, τdep: the z-GAL sample consists mainly of powerful starbursts with τdep in the range between 0.1 and 1.0 Gyr, while only ~ 25% belongs to the ‘main sequence’ of star forming galaxies.
An updated and improved thermal SZ y-map from Planck PR4 data
Authors: Chandran Jyothis , Remazeilles Mathieu , Barreiro R.B.
Published: March 2024

In 2015, the Planck Collaboration released an all-sky map of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect, obtained by implementing the needlet internal linear combination (NILC) method on the Planck PR2 data. The quality of the Planck data has significantly improved since then. The Planck PR4 data release offers upgraded full-sky maps in the LFI and HFI frequency bands with improved systematics and sensitivity. We present a new all-sky thermal SZ Compton y-parameter map derived from the Planck PR4 data using NILC and highlight improvements, particularly in noise reduction and handling residual foreground contamination. The PR4 NILC Compton y-parameter map has been made publicly available to support further analyses.
Towards measurements of CMB spectral distortions
Authors: Coulon Xavier , Maffei Bruno , Aghanim Nabila
Published: March 2024

High-precision spectroscopy of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is one of the three themes that have been selected by the ESA Voyage 2050 programme. Several space missions dedicated to the measurement of the CMB spectral distortions such as PIXIE, PRISTINE, and FOSSIL have been proposed since 2011. Additionally, balloon-borne projects, such as BISOU, have also been considered as a pathfinder for a future space mission. This paper presents an effort undertaken to define future missions and instruments dedicated to the measurement of the CMB spectral distortions. For this purpose, models allowing to optimize both instrument concept and mission parameters (mission duration, scanning strategy, …) have been developed. It has been applied to two specific cases, FOSSIL, a space mission proposed to answer the ESA M7 call in 2022 , and BISOU, a CNES Phase 0 study for a balloon-borne mission.
Projection effects on pressure profiles: A case study of the Virgo replica
Authors: Lebeau T. , Sorce J.G. , Aghanim N.
Published: March 2024

An accurate mass calibration of galaxy clusters is a crucial step towards precise constraints on the cosmological parameters σ8 and Ωm from clusters. Cluster masses can be estimated assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, but several physical and observational effects can alter this calculation. One of those are projection effects which are the focus of our present analysis. We present a case study of the simulated Virgo cluster, extracted from the CLONE constrained simulation. We study Virgo pressure and electron density quantities projected along different directions, including along the Milky Way-Virgo axis which mimics our observation direction. We show two main projection effects: the role of the integrated mass along the line of sight (LoS) in each chosen direction, including the presence of massive objects, and the signature of small scale physics in the core of the cluster along these directions.
The advantage of Bolometric Interferometry for controlling Galactic foreground contamination in CMB primordial B-modes measurements
Authors: Manzan E. , Regnier M. , Hamilton J-Ch. , Mennella A. , Errard J. , Zapelli L. , Torchinsky S.A. , Paradiso S. , Battistelli E. , Bersanelli M. , De Bernardis P. , De Petris M. , D’Alessandro G. , Gervasi M. , Masi S. , Piat M. , Rasztocky E. , Romero G.E , Scoccola C.G. , Zannoni M. ,   the QUBIC Collaboration
Published: March 2024

In the quest for the faint primordial B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background, three are the key requirements for any present or future experiment: an utmost sensitivity, excellent control over instrumental systematic effects and over Galactic foreground contamination.

Bolometric Interferometry (BI) is a novel technique that matches them all by combining the sensitivity of bolometric detectors, the control of instrumental systematics from interferometry and a software-based, tunable, in-band spectral resolution due to its ability to perform band-splitting during data analysis (spectral imaging).

In this paper, we investigate how the spectral imaging capability of BI can help in detecting residual contamination in case an over-simplified model of foreground emission is assumed in the analysis. To mimic this situation, we focus on the next generation of ground-based CMB experiment, CMB-S4, and compare its anticipated sensitivities, frequency and sky coverage with a hypothetical version of the same experiment based on BI, CMB-S4/BI, assuming that lineof-sight (LOS) frequency decorrelation is present in dust emission but is not accounted for during component separation.

We show results from a Monte-Carlo analysis based on a parametric component separation method (FGBuster), highlighting how BI has the potential to diagnose the presence of foreground residuals in estimates of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r in the case of unaccounted Galactic dust LOS frequency decorrelation.
Estimation of the hydrostatic-to-lensing mass bias from resolved cluster masses
Authors: Muñoz-Echeverría M. , Macías-Pérez J.F. , Pratt G.W. , Pointecouteau E. , Bartalucci I. , De Petris M. , Ferragamo A. , Hanser C. , Kéruzoré F. , Mayet F. , Moyer-Anin A. , Paliwal A. , Perotto L. , Yepes G.
Published: March 2024

We present a study on the bias of hydrostatic masses with respect to lensing mass estimates for a sample of 53 clusters in a redshift range between z = 0.05 and 1.07. The M500 mass for each cluster was inferred from X-ray and lensing data, without using a priori observable-mass scaling relations. Cluster masses of our reference analysis were reconstructed homogeneously and we assess the systematic dispersion of those homogeneous masses with respect to other published mass estimates. We obtain an hydrostatic-to-lensing mass bias of (1 − b) = 0.74−0.07+0.08 and no significant evidence of evolution with redshift.
Impact of blending on weak lensing measurements with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
Authors: Ramel M. , Doux C. , Kuna M.
Published: March 2024

Upcoming deep optical surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will scan the sky to unprecedented depths and detect billions of galaxies. This amount of detections will however cause the apparent superposition of galaxies on the images, called blending, and generate a new systematic error due to the confusion of sources. As consequences, the measurements of individual galaxies properties such as their redshifts or shapes will be impacted, and some galaxies will not be detected. However, galaxy shapes are key quantities, used to estimate masses of large scale structures, such as galaxy clusters, through weak gravitational lensing. This work presents a new catalog matching algorithm, called friendly, for the detection and characterization of blends in simulated LSST data for the Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) Data Challenge 2. By identifying a specific type of blends, we show that removing them from the data may partially correct the amplitude of the excess surface mass density ΔΣ weak lensing profile that could be biased low by around 20% due to blending. This would result in impacting clusters weak lensing mass estimate and cosmology.
Flow dynamics of train under turbulent inflow at different crosswind yaw angles
Authors: Xue Ru-Dai , Xiong Xiao-Hui , Chen Guang
Published: March 2024

The turbulence intensity and yaw angle of crosswinds exert a substantial impact on the aerodynamic characteristics of trains traveling in windy regions. It is urgent to study how the yaw angle and turbulence intensity of incoming flow jointly affect the aerodynamic characteristics of the train and the corresponding flow field under turbulent crosswind. A high-speed train scaled at a ratio of 1/8 of its actual size at different yaw angles was investigated. Three inflow conditions were adopted, including uniform inflow, Iu = 0.05 inflow, and Iu = 0.2 inflow (Iu is turbulence intensity). The turbulent inflow was generated by the synthetic eddy method. The instantaneous and time averaged characteristics of aerodynamic loads and pressure loads of the train were analyzed. The vortex structures, vorticity, swirling strength, mean velocity, reverse flow, and Reynolds stresses are analyzed to explore the flow pattern and flow evolution. The results found that the fluctuation of the aerodynamic loads, the average side fore, and the average rolling moment of the train are remarkably enhanced under turbulent inflow. These results stem from the alterations in the flow field around the train induced by turbulent inflow, consequently leading to variations in surface pressure on the train. As the turbulence intensity of the inflow increases, the stability of the vortex structures decreases, and the position of the large-scale vortex structure has been changed. Moreover, the yaw angle (β) exerts a more significant influence on the vortex structure's flow pattern on the leeward side compared to the inflow turbulence intensity.
Modeling the stability of thin liquid film flows on a uniformly heated slippery inclined substrate: A realistic approach
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Anandamoy , Pal Subham
Published: March 2024

We investigate the stability of gravity-driven, Newtonian, thin liquid film falling down a uniformly heated slippery rigid inclined wall. The authors of previous research works considered specified temperature (ST) boundary condition to study the effects of slip length. However, the ST boundary condition does not include the effects of heat fluxes at wall–air and wall–liquid interfaces and so fails to incorporate the real situation. Consequently, we consider heat flux/mixed-type boundary condition as the thermal boundary condition on the rigid plate. This boundary condition involves the heat flux from the rigid plate to the surrounding liquid and the heat losses from the wall to the ambient air. Using long-wave expansion method, we construct a highly nonlinear evolution equation in terms of the film thickness at any instant. Using normal mode approach, the linear study reveals the stabilizing (destabilizing) behavior of the wall film Biot number (dimensionless slip length). It is found that the destabilizing tendency of the slip length is more in the absence of thermocapillary stress. The linear study reveals that the destabilizing role of MB may be controlled to some extent by increasing the wall film Biot number Bw. Using asymptotic expansions of the flow variables in terms of the small wave number k, the Orr–Sommerfeld boundary value problem gives an onset of instability in terms of critical Reynolds number. It slightly differs from that of the same as obtained by Benney's long-wave expansion method, due to the consideration of small free surface Biot number [B=O(ϵ)]. For arbitrary wave numbers, using Chebyshev spectral collocation method, the effect of Marangoni number (Ma), slip length (δ), and wall film Biot number (Bw) on the H, S, P, and shear modes of instability are discussed in detail. Near the threshold, both Ma and δ show the destabilizing effect on H mode of instability, whereas Bw gives the stabilizing effect. Interestingly, their roles on H mode of instability becomes diametrically opposite far from the onset of instability. For S mode, both Ma and Bw display the destabilizing effect, whereas δ plays the dual role. For P mode, both Ma and δ show the destabilizing effect, whereas Bw plays the stabilizing role. The slip length (δ) plays the stabilizing role, in the case of shear mode. In the absence of thermocapillary effect, the vorticity balance at the liquid–air interface explains that the amplitude of the vorticity perturbation amplifies the surface deformation due to the presence of inertia and the slip length. In the absence of the slip length, a weakly nonlinear study transforms the evolution equation to the famous Kuramoto–Sivashinsky (KS) equation.