bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
She Taught Me to See the World (Dedicated to Tatiana Grigoryevna Vladykina)
Authors:   Udmurt Institute for Research in History, Language and Literature (Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences), Korobova (Okuneva) Tatiana
Published: November 2021

It was an ordinary day of study at the University when I first met Tatiana Grigoryevna. She was wearing black clothes and nice glasses. She looked very strict and serious. I do not exactly remember the lecture but I am still impressed by her work with an audience. She was completely absorbed in the theme, her eyes were shining and hands intensely gesturing. Students who were usually talkative and restless were sitting quietly and getting involved in the sacral world of folklore. It seemed that the professor could reach the innermost corners of our souls and reveal genetic layers of traditional consciousness. Culture, rituals, ceremonies, words began to form a certain order and make sense for us.
To Tatiana
Authors:   Centre of Excellence in Estonian Studies, Kõiva Mare ,   Estonian Literary Museum
Published: November 2021

I spent some time thinking about the warm and heartfelt relations that I have had with Tatiana Vladykina over the decades, regardless of the distance between Estonia and Udmurtia, and our rarely meeting face to face. In short, she is my kindred spirit, a person with similar thoughts walking the same spiritual road.
Representação e representatividade dos negros em uma revista de turismo de luxo do Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Natália Araújo de
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do artigo é analisar a representação social e a representatividade do negro em uma revista de turismo voltada ao consumo de luxo. O referencial teórico está centrado em discussões sobre representações sociais e racismo, mostrando como o turismo reforça estereótipos e vincula a atividade à branquitude. O corpus da pesquisa inclui as dez últimas edições (n. 17 a 26) da revista Viaje Mais Luxo, publicadas de 2017 a 2020. O método utilizado foi a análise de conteúdo. Foram examinadas as imagens veiculadas nas matérias das revistas, na publicidade e na capa. Como resultado, a pesquisa mostra que o negro aparece de três maneiras: como servidor do turismo, como atrativo e, em menor quantidade, como turista. Em várias seções, assim como na capa, não há imagens de negros, o que mostra como são invisibilizados na atividade. A publicidade da revista faz uso da imagem de negros para dar uma ideia de diversidade e são usados estereótipos para retratá-los, ligando-os ao continente africano ou vinculando-os de forma reducionista a determinado estilo musical. Acerca da representatividade, o negro aparece em 11,23% da publicidade e em 6,31% do conteúdo produzido pelo próprio periódico. O trabalho revela a associação entre branquitude e riqueza no turismo de luxo.
Assessing the Hematology and Serum Biomarkers of Broiler Birds Fed Graded Levels of Kapok (Bombax costatum)
Authors: Usman H. B. , Aljameel K. M. , Musa B. M. , Ibrahim S. , Bata I.
Published: November 2021

The study was conducted on broiler chickens to investigate the effects of graded levels of kapok seed meal fed on performance. A total of 288 broiler chickens were used. The broiler chickens randomly divided into four treatments groups (four experimental diets) T1 (control), T2 (0.5kg/100kg), T3 (1Kg/100kg) and T4 (1.5kg/100Kg). At the end of the feeding trial (eighth week), fifteen birds (5 per replicate) from each treatment group were randomly selected for blood collection. About 2ml of blood was collected per bird. The result showed a significant variation (P<0.05) in WBC and lymphocytes. The blood parameters were within the normal ranges for broiler chickens. The result showed that birds fed control diet have higher urea compared to those in treatment 3. It was concluded that the inclusion of kapok (Bombax costatum) seed meal up to 1.5kg/100kg in the diet of broiler birds had no adverse effect as indicated by hematological and serum chemistry of the birds.
An Experimental Study to determine the Impact of Active Release Technique, Core Strengthening on Pain, Muscle Stiffness, Hardness and Quality of Life on Non- Specific Low Back Pain
Authors: Vaidya Laukik , Phansopkar Pratik
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Active Release Technique (ART), works by releasing adhesions and repairing the integrity of soft tissue, thereby extending and restoring functional flexibility entirely. Core stabilization workout (CSE) aims to treat back pain by boosting your muscular strength and stamina, strengthening muscle motor patterns to relieve low-back pain.

Aim: Aim of the study was to evaluate impact of active release technique and core strengthening on pain, mobility and quality of life on non-specific low-back pain.

Study Design: Simple random convenient sampling, envelope method

Place and Duration: A study of 40 people with non-specific low back pain and aging between 18 and 25 years was conducted at Musculoskeletal OPD, Ravi Nair Physiotherapy College, DMIMS(DU), Sawangi (Meghe), and Wardha in the duration of one year.

Procedure: In this experimental investigation, the influence of active released and impacting non-specific low back pain on suffering, muscular soreness, hardness, strength, ODI, and quality of life was determined. Both groups received hot fomentation and core strengthening, but only the ART group was actively released. The findings have been obtained from NPRS to algometer, durometer, press biofeedback, ODI, and EQ-5D-5L in pre-treatment, post-treatment, and after four weeks of data to analysed impacts.

Results: in this study both the groups showed reduction in pain, muscle tenderness, muscle hardness as well as increase in core strength and quality of life. When compared ART group shows significant improvement with p value of 0.001.

Conclusion: In this study we find that the pain threshold, muscular hardness, muscle tenderness, deficiency and quality of life of both groups improved. The ART group was proven to be more effective than the Hpk group when the two groups were compared. In the two groups, the core strength did not change greatly, perhaps after four weeks, from pre- treatment to post- treatment to 4 weeks after.
The Effects of Artificial Intelligence and Medical Technology on the Life of Human
Authors: Kumar Boddu Raja Sarath , Chakravarthi Dhruva Sreenivasa , Venkateswararao Nallanti , Chakravarthy D. S. K. , Devarajan Agilandeswari , Kunekar Pankaj Ramakant
Published: November 2021

The study explores because of the rising complexity and volume of data in medical technology, artificial intelligence (AI) will be used more frequently. Various forms of artificial intelligence (AI) have already been used by consumers and providers of care, as well as health sciences firms. Diagnose and therapy suggestions, patient involvement and compliance, and administrative tasks are the most common types of applications. Although there are numerous cases where AI can do medical technology activities as well as or superior than humans, operational issues will prohibit large-scale automation of medical technology professional positions for a long time. Moral considerations about the use of AI in medical technologies are also addressed. Healthcare is one of the most significant great achievements of modern time. Medical research and technology have advanced fast, increasing life expectancy across the worldwide. However, as life expectancy rises, healthcare systems face increased demands for their operations, rising expenses, and a staff that is failing to fulfill the requirements of its patients. Aging population, changing patients ’ expectations, a shift in lifestyle decisions, and the never-ending cycle of development are just a few of the inexorable forces driving need. The consequences of an ageing population stand out among these. Healthcare expenditure just isn't keeping pace. Medical technology will struggle to stay sustainable unless substantial structural and transformation changes are made. Healthcare also requires a larger staff, but while the world economy might produce 40 million new health-care jobs by 2030, the World Health Organization predicts a 9.9 million doctor, nurse, and midwife shortage over the same time frame. Without a question, contemporary technology has had a significant influence on every area of our lives.
A Study to Evaluate the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Adolescent Girls in Selected Higher Secondary Schools at Trivandrum with a View to Develop a Self-instructional Module
Authors: Sindhu S. , Linson C. C.
Published: November 2021

Poly cystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOD may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone levels. This hormone imbalances cause them to skip menstrual periods and leads to infertility. The study is attempted to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding PCOD among adolescent girls in selected higher secondary schools. The research design of the study was non experimental descriptive survey design. Study was conducted among 60 adolescent girls in selected higher secondary schools at Trivandrum. The result shows that 88.33 percent of adolescent girls have less adequate knowledge regarding PCOD and only 11.67 percent have moderately adequate knowledge and 75 percent of samples have neutral attitude, 25 percent have negative attitude and no one have positive attitude regarding PCOD. The correlation shows moderately positive correlation between knowledge and attitude. The  above findings shows that adolescent girls having less adequate knowledge and negative attitude regarding PCOD, so it is important to develop a self instructional module regarding PCOD for an education program.
The Effects of Alkaloids Fraction of Cyperus esculentus on Some Biochemical Parameters and Histopathology of the Testis of Lead-Induced Toxicity
Authors: Anyanwu Godson Emeka , Hassan Luqman Adepoju , Abireh Ifeanacho Ezeteonu , Nto Nto Johnson
Published: November 2021

Aim: This study evaluated the protective effect of alkaloids fraction of Cyperus esculentus on lead-induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rat.

Methodology: Twenty-five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five (5) groups, (n=5). Group 1 was administered with 1ml normal saline only, group 2 was administered with 30 mg/kg of lead, group 3 was administered with 50mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead, group 4 was administered with 100 mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead, group 5 was administered 150mg/kg of alkaloids and 30 mg/kg of lead orally for 28 days. The testes of the rats were harvested on day 29 of the experiment and histological studies done using the H&E and Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) stains. Sperm parameters, sex hormones and antioxidant of testicular homogenates were analysed.

Results: Histological examination of the testes revealed increased spermatogenic cells and Leydig cell proliferation in the rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 administered with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg of Alkaloids, and 30 mg/kg of lead, respectively, when compared with group 2 administered with 30 mg/kg of lead alone. Also there was significant increase in levels of serum testosterone (p < .05) in groups 3, 4, and 5 when compared with group 2. There was increase in levels of follicle stimulating hormone in groups 4, and 5 when compared with group 2. However, significant decreased in luteinizing hormone was observed in groups 3, 4 and 5. Group 2, treated with 30 mg/kg of lead only showed increased malondialdehyde levels when compared with group 1 that received 1ml normal saline. Group 3, 4, and 5, treated with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg of alkaloid plus 30 mg/kg lead, respectively, showed significant growth of seminiferous epithelium, improved sperm quality, and decreased levels of malondialdehyde (p < .05).

Conclusion: This study shows that alkaloids fraction of Cyperus esculentus may have a protective effect on the testis of Wistar rat when it is exposed to toxicity from lead.
Overview of the Updated Evidence of Multiple Endocrinal Neoplasia (MEN) in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Albishi Laila Ahmed , Hamed Nazim Faisal , Alsharari Naif Mutkhan , D. Alshammari Wurud Muteb
Published: November 2021

MEN syndromes are a collection of autosomal dominant disease including MEN 1 and MEN 2. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are infrequent inherited disorders in which more than one endocrine glands develop noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant) tumors or grow excessively without forming tumors. There are 3 famous and well-known forms of MEN syndromes (MEN 1, MEN 2A, and MEN 2B) and a newly documented one (MEN4). These syndromes are infrequent and occurred in all ages and both men and women. MEN1 is the most often happening form of MENs. The information of MEN’s genetic alterations and the connection among genotype and phenotype could be beneficial for MEN disease management. (MEN1) implicated IN primarily by tumors of the parathyroid glands, endocrine gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract and anterior pituitary. Before MEN-1 can be diagnosed it must be suspected, genetic screening for MEN-1 is recommended when an individual has 2 or more MEN-1 related tumors, MEN2 associates with medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and primaryhype- rparathyroidism. MEN2A and MEN2B should be suspected in any patient diagnosed with MTC or pheochromocytoma, particularly when the age of presentation is very young (younger than 35), the genetic testing for RET proto-oncogene is employed to diagnose and identify a specific type of mutation present. Treatment is mainly surgical in most cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome.
Estimation of Microbial Contamination in Fresh and Commercial Fruit Juices: A Comparative Study
Authors: James Vanessa , Panchal Hiral
Published: November 2021

Aim and Objective: The objective of the present study is to determine microbial contamination in fresh and packaged commercial fruit juices (including a combination of Aloe vera with fruit juices) available in the Ahmedabad city of Gujarat, India.

Materials and Methods: Seventeen samples were collected from various parts of the city which includes 9 commercial fruit juice samples and 8 street vended fresh fruit juice samples. Samples were examined for Total plate count, Yeast and mould count, coliform count, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria monocytogens and Vibrio Cholerae.

Results: Commercial fruit juices do not exceed the FSSAI standards for fruit juices and are free of harmful pathogens making themsafe for human consumption. Street vended fresh fruit juice samples exceedthe FSSAI limit for Total Plate count, Yeast and mould count and Coliform count. Street vended Fresh fruit juices demonstratethepresence of Ecoli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus in 75% (6/8) samples. Enterobacteriaceae were identified in street vended fruit juices which exceeds the FSSAI standard limit.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that commercial fruit juices were safe for human consumption but fresh juices showed significant microbial growth and harmful pathogens which must be controlled to ensure consumer’s safety and health. However regular monitoring of commercial and fresh fruit juices is recommended to avoid food borne illness resulting from pathogens encountered in the study.
Coronavirus - Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Options
Authors: Tayyab Abdul Samad , Qurban Maria , Mazhar Maryam , Tayyab Zaid , Tahir Mariam , Tayyab Zain
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 is basically a medium size RNA virus and the nucleic acid is about 30 kb long, positive in sense, single stranded and polyadenylated. The RNA which is found in this virus is the largest known RNA and codes for a large polyprotein. In addition, coronaviruses are capable of genetic recombination if 2 viruses infect the same cell at the same time. SARS-CoV emerged first in southern China and rapidly spread around the globe in 2002–2003. In November 2002, an unusual epidemic of atypical pneumonia with a high rate of nosocomial transmission to health-care workers occurred in Foshan, Guangdong, China. In March 2003, a novel CoV was confirmed to be the causative agent for SARS, and was thus named SARS-CoV. Despite the report of a large number of virus-based and host-based treatment options with potent in vitro activities for SARS and MERS, only a few are likely to fulfil their potential in the clinical setting in the foreseeable future. Most drugs have one or more major limitations that prevent them from proceeding beyond the in vitro stage. First, many drugs have high EC50/Cmax ratios at clinically relevant dosages.
EFEITOS DE MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS NO CICLO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS
Authors: Carlos Euzeneia , Dowbor Monika , Albuquerque Maria do Carmo
Published: November 2021

Analisa os efeitos políticos de movimentos sociais no ciclo de políticas públicas, por meio de estudo comparativo nos setores de direitos humanos, de criança e adolescente, e de saúde. A pesquisa empírica compara seis campanhas ao longo de duas décadas (1990 e 2000), desencadeadas pelos movimentos sociais correlatos através de documentos e entrevistas com ativistas. Utiliza abordagem correlacional como lógica de mensuração das consequências políticas, ou seja, a correspondência entre as demandas dos movimentos nas campanhas e os efeitos na política setorial. O estudo classifica os efeitos políticos associados às campanhas de movimentos na tipologia de ciclo de políticas públicas. A principal contribuição é demonstrar a influência de movimentos sociais nas diferentes etapas do ciclo de políticas, sejam eles formação de agenda, especificação de alternativas, decisão ou implementação, cujos efeitos são produzidos pelas condições referidas aos movimentos e ao Estado, tais como repertórios, coalizões e capacidades estatais.
A POLÍTICA COMO ANTAGONISMO: a irredutibilidade do conflito político
Authors: Corral de Freitas Felipe
Published: November 2021

Na teoria democrática contemporânea tende-se a enfatizar a importância de valores e processos que canalizem a produção de consensos, tratando o conflito político como nocivo à democracia. Mesmo Chantal Mouffe, autora que denuncia esse movimento com seu modelo agonístico de democracia, reafirma a necessidade de consensos. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é retomar a noção de antagonismo desenvolvido por Ernesto Laclau (e por Chantal Mouffe) e apresentar um renovado olhar sobre as possiblidades da política, vislumbrando o modelo democrático. Entendemos que está em jogo na política (e na política democrática), sempre permeado pela dimensão do antagonismo, e que visões que enfatizam a necessidade de consensos apenas mascaram processos desiguais e com primazia à aceitação de modos de exclusão. Portanto repensar o antagonismo e suas possibilidades, e entender que as instituições de regimes democráticos são marcadas por conflitos que possibilitam sua pluralidade e inclusão é mais frutífero para a política democrática.
DIMENSÕES DA TERCEIRIZAÇÃO E PRECARIEDADE DO TRABALHO NO SETOR ELÉTRICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Braunert Mariana Bettega , Silva Figueiredo Igor
Published: November 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar algumas dimensões da terceirização e precariedade do trabalho em duas importantes companhias estatais de energia elétrica do Brasil: a Cemig (MG) e a Copel (PR). Através da análise de dados quantitativos e qualitativos, obtidos por meio de entrevistas realizadas principalmente com trabalhadores e dirigentes sindicais das empresas analisadas, constatamos um aumento crescente das contratações indiretas, que constitui uma das principais estratégias de redução de custos e aumento da produtividade. Entre os tantos aspectos que acompanham a precariedade do trabalho terceirizado, como o rebaixamento salarial e o enfraquecimento das lutas coletivas, ressaltamos o aumento do número de acidentes de trabalho, que se revela a dimensão mais preocupante do processo de terceirização de atividades que, por sua própria natureza, colocam os trabalhadores em situação de alto risco, como é o caso das desempenhadas por empresas do setor elétrico.
EMPREENDEDORISMO: uma forma de americanismo contemporâneo?
Authors: Amorim Henrique , Moda Felipe , Mevis Camila
Published: November 2021

O empreendedor e sua importância para o desenvolvimento histórico das sociedades capitalistas ocidentais foram objeto de análise de diversas correntes clássicas das Ciências Sociais. Contudo, com o advento do neoliberalismo, o empreendedor passou a ser redesenhado, tornando-se componente central de um novo modo de vida, marcado pela caracterização do trabalhador como proativo e criativo, e, sobretudo, que assume riscos e autogerencia suas ações no trabalho e na vida pessoal. A figura do empreendedor deixou de ser identificada como de empresário-proprietário, passando a se valorizar o empresário-de-si. Ao procurar identificar os elementos centrais das práticas e dos discursos voltados ao empreendedorismo, destacando o papel da educação e do trabalho, temos como objetivo central debater o empreendedorismo como forma de americanismo contemporâneo. Avançaremos sobre o argumento de que a concepção de empresário-de-si seria uma forma neoliberal de viver e descreveremos as consequências da consolidação desse modo de vida para a classe trabalhadora.
Performances de Gênero no Maracatu Rural Pernambucano: Travestilidade Masculina em um Folguedo Popular
Authors: Da Silva Anderson Vicente
Published: November 2021

Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender as relações de gênero e sexualidade no contexto da travestilidade no maracatu rural em Pernambuco. O recorte do campo é uma manifestação popular, que é também um ritual e possibilita evidenciar performances, experiências, práticas e significados, que podem elucidar dimensões subjetivas e ideológicas das relações de gênero e da sexualidade. Na tentativa de aprofundar algumas questões significativas acerca das dimensões sociais evidenciadas na elaboração e performatização de personagens femininos encenados por homens travestidos no maracatu rural pernambucano, buscou-se fazer um estudo etnográfico a partir de observações das trajetórias de travestilidade de homens brincantes do maracatu em ensaios e apresentações durante o período carnavalesco. Durante esse momento foram efetuadas conversas informais com os homens que participam dos grupos de maracatu travestidos de mulher. Essa travestilidade se relaciona com a constituição da pessoa, com enfoque nas simbologias e classificações de gênero, originando práticas sexuais normatizadas, que incluem relações com o mesmo sexo e com o sexo oposto, até certo ponto contrastivo com a norma ocidental numa dimensão grupal. A inversão de papeis masculinos e femininos não significa reafirmar a diferença, nem suspendê-la, mas (re)significá-la no contexto das relações sociais.
Violências Domésticas, Vivências e Dificuldades no Semiárido Nordestino
Authors: Costa Patrícia Rosalba Salvador Moura , Valcuende Del Río José Maria , Macedo Elielma Santos , Silva Leila Oliveira
Published: November 2021

O artigo apresenta resultados sobre as características dos crimes de violências doméstica e familiar, registrados em dois municípios do Alto Sertão de Sergipe, cuja região apresenta múltiplas carências, de acesso a políticas públicas. Os dados analisados foram: inquéritos policiais; transcrição de entrevista com mulheres que vivenciaram episódios de violências e profissionais da assistência social e do direito. Os resultados focam nas vivências e dificuldades enfrentadas por mulheres vítimas de violências domésticas, bem como os problemas por quais passam as/os profissionais que devem pôr em prática a defesa dos direitos das vítimas em um território distante dos grandes centros.
Do epistemicídio à insurgência: o currículo decolonial da Escola Afro-Brasileira Maria Felipa (2018-2020)
Authors: Passos Maria Clara Araújo dos , Pinheiro Bárbara Carine Soares
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo busca lançar algumas reflexões sobre os fundamentos decoloniais que orientam o currículo da Escola Afro-Brasileira Maria Felipa (2018-2020). Através de uma revisão da literatura sobre a perspectiva negra decolonial brasileira e de uma análise documental do Projeto Político-Pedagógico da instituição, este artigo também discutirá como os currículos decoloniais se opõem aos epistemicídios históricos ao passo em que apresentam forte identidade epistêmica. Ao posicionar as populações amefricanas e ameríndias como sujeitos produtores de conhecimentos insurgentes, o currículo decolonial da Escola Afro-Brasileira Maria Felipa procura romper com a perpetuação das colonialidades através da educação infantil.
Infâncias tocadas pelo batuque: A Ala das Crianças de uma Escola de Samba
Authors: Paula Roberta Cristina de
Published: November 2021

Infâncias tocadas pelo batuque: A Ala das Crianças de uma Escola de SambaEste artigo tem como objetivos apresentar as infâncias de meninas e meninos da Ala “Pura Alegria” do Camisa Verde e Branco – SP; trazer suas vozes e a de outras/os componentes da agremiação para problematizar o papel da Escola de Samba no processo de construção das identidades negras e na Educação dessas crianças. O método de pesquisa empregado foi a etnografia, que buscou o levantamento dos dados por meio da observação participante, conversas informais, registros em caderno de campo e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os principais campos teóricos de referência foram: a Pedagogia e as Ciências Sociais, com destaque para os Estudos Sociais da Infância e a Antropologia. Dentre outros aspectos, as análises mostraram um protagonismo infantil que vem se despontando, desconstruindo um discurso de vir-a-ser, provando que essas meninas e meninos são sambistas na atualidade, independente de suas idades; que a Escola de Samba Camisa Verde e Branco consolida-se como um dos territórios tradicionais do Samba na cidade de São Paulo, como um terreiro para as vivências das infâncias, possibilitando o acesso às culturas do Samba, aos conhecimentos de outras histórias do povo negro, promovendo a valorização e afirmação da negritude.
Rapid Adoption of Telemedicine in Rheumatology Care During the COVID‐19 Pandemic Highlights Training and Supervision Concerns Among Rheumatology Trainees
Authors: Yeoh Su‐Ann , Young Kristen , Putman Michael , Sattui Sebastian , Conway Richard , Graef Elizabeth , Kilian Adam , Konig Maximilian , Sparks Jeffrey , Ugarte‐Gil Manuel , Upton Laura , Berenbaum Francis , Bhana Suleman , Costello Wendy , Hausmann Jonathan , Machado Pedro , Robinson Philip , Sirotich Emily , Sufka Paul , Yazdany Jinoos , Liew Jean , Grainger Rebecca , Wallace Zachary , Jayatilleke Arundathi ,   The Global Rheumatology Alliance
Published: November 2021

Objective

To evaluate the impact of telemedicine use during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on rheumatology trainees.

Methods

A voluntary, anonymous, web‐based survey was administered in English, Spanish, or French from August 19 to October 5, 2020. Adult and pediatric rheumatology trainees were invited to participate via social media and email. Using multiple‐choice questions and Likert scales, the survey assessed prior and current telemedicine use, impact on training, and supervision after COVID‐19 prompted rapid telemedicine implementation.

Results

Surveys were received from 302 trainees from 33 countries, with 83% in adult rheumatology training programs. Reported telemedicine use increased from 13% before the pandemic to 82% during the pandemic. United States trainees predominantly used video visits, whereas outside the United States telemedicine was predominantly audio only. Most (65%) evaluated new patients using telemedicine. More respondents were comfortable using telemedicine for follow‐up patients (69%) than for new patients (25%). Only 39% of respondents reported receiving telemedicine‐focused training, including instruction on software, clinical skills, and billing, whereas more than half of United States trainees (59%) had training. Postconsultation verbal discussion was the most frequent form of supervision; 24% reported no supervision. Trainees found that telemedicine negatively impacted supervision (50%) and the quality of clinical teaching received (70%), with only 9% reporting a positive impact.

Conclusions

Despite widespread uptake of telemedicine, a low proportion of trainees received telemedicine training, and many lacked comfort in evaluating patients, particularly new patients. Inadequate supervision and clinical teaching were areas of concern. If telemedicine remains in widespread use, ensuring appropriate trainee supervision and teaching should be prioritized.
Analysis of the Immunogenicity from Abatacept‐Treated Pediatric Patients With Polyarticular‐Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Findings From Two Phase III Clinical Trials
Authors: Mora Johanna R. , Wong Robert , Shaikh Mehmooda , Askelson Margarita
Published: November 2021

Objective

The goal of this article is to present the analysis of anti‐abatacept antibody data from children with polyarticular‐course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA), treated with abatacept. The data are from 395 participants with pJIA from two abatacept registrational trials.

Methods

We analyzed immunogenicity data according to age groups, administration route (intravenous [IV] or subcutaneous [SC]), drug treatment interruption, and co‐medications (with or without methotrexate [MTX]) to assess impact on the incidence of anti‐abatacept antibodies.

Results

The overall immunogenicity incidences observed in both JIA trials ranged between 4.7% and 23.3%. There was a slightly higher immunogenicity incidence in the 2–5‐year‐old participants (15.2%) compared with 6–17‐year‐old participants (4.7%). In the study with SC dosing, the overall incidence on treatment was 2.3% (3% if co‐dosed with MTX), similar to the incidence for Period A of the IV study (similar duration of treatment as the SC study), which was 2.1% (1.4% if co‐dosed with MTX). In the IV study, the period following a 6‐month interruption in treatment had comparable immunogenicity incidences (22.9% with interruption vs. 18.2% without interruption, both co‐dosed with MTX and 0% for both not co‐dosed with MTX). In most cases, participants co‐dosed with MTX had higher immunogenicity incidences than those on abatacept alone.

Conclusion

Although some trends were noted in terms of incidence according to age and MTX co‐dosing, none where conclusive owing to differences in population size. Drug holiday had no impact on immunogenicity incidence once treatment was resumed, and incidences across SC and IV dosing were comparable. There was no impact of immunogenicity on pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy.
Expanding the Repertoire of Electrospinning: New and Emerging Biopolymers, Techniques, and Applications
Authors: Madruga Liszt Y. C. , Kipper Matt J.
Published: November 2021

Electrospinning has emerged as a versatile and accessible technology for fabricating polymer fibers, particularly for biological applications. Natural polymers or biopolymers (including synthetically derivatized natural polymers) represent a promising alternative to synthetic polymers, as materials for electrospinning. Many biopolymers are obtained from abundant renewable sources, are biodegradable, and possess inherent biological functions. This review surveys recent literature reporting new fibers produced from emerging biopolymers, highlighting recent developments in the use of sulfated polymers (including carrageenans and glycosaminoglycans), tannin derivatives (condensed and hydrolyzed tannins, tannic acid), modified collagen, and extracellular matrix extracts. The proposed advantages of these biopolymer‐based fibers, focusing on their biomedical applications, are also discussed to highlight the use of new and emerging biopolymers (or new modifications to well‐established ones) to enhance or achieve new properties for electrospun fiber materials.
Strong Metal Phosphide–Phosphate Support Interaction for Enhanced Non‐Noble Metal Catalysis
Authors: Chen Zemin , Zeng Xiang , Li Xinyu , Lv Zhenxing , Li Jiong , Zhang Ying
Published: November 2021

Strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) is crucial for supported catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis. Here is the first report on strong metal phosphide‐phosphate support interaction (SMPSI). The key to SMPSI is the activation of P species on the support, which leads to simultaneous generation of metal phosphide nanoparticles (NPs) and core–shell nanostructures formed by support migration onto the NPs. The encapsulation state of metal phosphide and charge transfer are identical to those of classical SMSIs and can be optimally regulated. Furthermore, the strong interactions of Co2PL/MnP‐3 not only significantly enhance the anti‐oxidation and anti‐acid capability of non‐noble metal but also exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability toward hydrogenating a wide range of compounds into value‐added fine chemicals with 100% selectivity, which is even better than Pd/C and Pt/C. The SMPSI construction can be generally extended to other systems such as Ni2PL/Mn3(PO4)2, Co2PL/LaPO4, and CoPL/CePO4. This study provides a new approach for the rational design of advanced non‐noble metal catalysts and introduce a novel paradigm for the strong interaction between NPs and support.
Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Lamellar‐Thin Framework on Square Meter Scale
Authors: Sun Weilong , Yang Kailin , Wang Zirui , Niu Mingze , Luo Tao , Su Zhaoming , Li Runlai , Fu Qiang
Published: November 2021

A new member of low‐dimensional structures with a high aspect ratio (LDHA) is introduced. For the first time, commodity polymer is processed into LDHA, which has long been stagnated by the lack of suitable processing techniques. The key to solve the current bottleneck is to overcome the trade‐off between kinetic processability and thermodynamic stability. These two factors are both highly determined by intermolecular interaction level (IIL). Thus with a wide tuning range of IIL, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is selected and investigated to break through the trade‐off. Polymeric LDHA preparation needs both thinning and stiffening. By focusing on one then the other sequentially, they are realized simultaneously. Thus the over sixty‐year‐old material is finally thinned down by seven orders of magnitude into a 65.5 nm thick and 0.64 m2 large lamellar‐thin framework (LTF). LTF exhibits a series of exceptional properties such as over‐95% transparency, and seven times higher specific strength referred to steel. For the first time, cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo‐EM) is utilized to observe commodity polymers directly. This new LDHA material is promising to expand the scale boundaries of both fundamental research and practical applications, not only for UHMWPE, but also for more commodity polymers to come.
Near‐Infrared Multilayer MoS2 Photoconductivity‐Enabled Ultrasensitive Homogeneous Plasmonic Colorimetric Biosensing
Authors: Park Younggeun , Ryu Byunghoon , Ki Seung Jun , Liang Xiaogan , Kurabayashi Katsuo
Published: November 2021

The ability to detect low‐abundance proteins in human body fluids plays a critical role in proteomic research to achieve a comprehensive understanding of protein functions and early‐stage disease diagnosis to reduce mortality rates. Ultrasensitive (sub‐fM), rapid, simple “mix‐and‐read” plasmonic colorimetric biosensing of large‐size (≈180 kDa) proteins in biofluids using an ultralow‐noise multilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) photoconducting channel is reported here. With its out‐of‐plane structure optimized to minimize carrier scattering, the multilayer MoS2 channel operated under near‐infrared illumination enables the detection of a subtle plasmonic extinction shift caused by antigen‐induced nanoprobe aggregation. The demonstrated biosensing strategy allows quantifying carcinoembryonic antigen in unprocessed whole blood with a dynamic range of 106, a sample‐to‐answer time of 10 min, and a limit of detection of 0.1–3 pg mL−1, which is ≈100‐fold more sensitive than the clinical‐standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The biosensing methodology can be broadly used to realize timely personalized diagnostics and physiological monitoring of diseases in point‐of‐care settings.
Simultaneous Synthesis, Modification, and DFT Calculation of Three‐Color Lead Halide Perovskite Phosphors for Improving Stability and Luminous Efficiency of WLEDs
Authors: Sun Yao , Li Yini , Zhang Wanying , Zhu Peifen , Zhu Hongyang , Qin Weiping , Wang Guofeng
Published: November 2021

The all‐inorganic metal halide perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) has received extensive attention in the field of white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) due to its high luminous intensity and high color purity. However, the shortcoming of poor stability directly affects the luminous performance of the WLED devices and reduces their luminous efficiency, which has become an urgent problem to be solved. Here, three‐color lead halide perovskite phosphors (blue‐emitting CsPbBr3 synthesized at 20 °C (CPB‐20), green‐emitting CsPbBr3‐80 (CPB‐80)/CsPbBr3:SCN−(CPB:SCN−), and red‐emitting PEA2PbBr4 (PPB)/PEA2PbBr4:Mn2+ (PPB:Mn2+)) with higher stability and luminous intensity are simultaneously prepared and applied in WLEDs. Density functional theory is used to optimize the structures of CsPbBr3 and PEA2PbBr4, and to calculate the work function, optical properties, and charge density difference. Not only the WLED devices with three‐color lead halide perovskite phosphors are constructed, but also WLED devices from warm white to cold white are realized by tuning the ratio of the different emissions, and a superior color quality (color rendering index of 96) and ideal correlated color temperature (CCT of 9376 K) are achieved. This work will set the stage for exploring low‐cost, environmentally friendly, high‐performance WLEDs.
Noble Metal‐Based Multimetallic Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Kim Hyunjoong , Yoo Tae Yong , Bootharaju Megalamane S. , Kim Jeong Hyun , Chung Dong Young , Hyeon Taeghwan
Published: November 2021

Noble metal‐based multimetallic nanoparticles (NMMNs) have attracted great attention for their multifunctional and synergistic effects, which offer numerous catalytic applications. Combined experimental and theoretical studies have enabled formulation of various design principles for tuning the electrocatalytic performance through controlling size, composition, morphology, and crystal structure of the nanoparticles. Despite significant advancements in the field, the chemical synthesis of NMMNs with ideal characteristics for catalysis, including high activity, stability, product‐selectivity, and scalability is still challenging. This review provides an overview on structure‐based classification and the general synthesis of NMMN electrocatalysts. Furthermore, postsynthetic treatments, such as the removal of surfactants to optimize the activity, and utilization of NMMNs onto suitable support for practical electrocatalytic applications are highlighted. In the end, future direction and challenges associated with the electrocatalysis of NMMNs are covered.
Atezolizumab‐associated colitis mimic inflammatory bowel disease: A case report
Authors: Liu Yen‐Chun , Chiu Cheng‐Tang , Wu Ren‐Chin , Hsu Chao‐Wei , Chen Chun‐Wei , Le Puo‐Hsien , Kuo Chia‐Jung
Published: November 2021

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that target downregulators of the anticancer immune response. ICIs have revolutionized the treatment of various malignancies. However, many immune‐related adverse events have also been described, which mainly occurs when the immune system becomes less suppressed, and affects various organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of atezolizumab‐associated colitis with clinical and endoscopic follow‐ups. The patient was a 72‐year‐old male diagnosed with advanced squamous cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumab and combination chemotherapy. Two months after atezolizumab therapy, bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain were reported. Initial colonoscopy revealed colonic ulcers with diffuse erythema and loss of vascularity. Histology demonstrated ulcerated mucosa with acute inflammation. Steroids were promptly indicated due to suspicion of immune‐related colitis caused by atezolizumab. Follow‐up sigmoidoscopy performed 6 weeks after initiating steroid therapy showed improvement of inflammation. Histological findings revealed eroded colonic mucosa with abortive crypts, lymphoplasma, and eosinophil cell infiltration, which mimicked inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, there was no colitis relapse after steroid discontinuation. The case demonstrated endoscopic and histological presentations of immune‐mediated colitis that mimicked IBD.
Synthesis of self‐healing supramolecular waterborne polyurethane with quadruple hydrogen bonds via ureidotriazine
Authors: Liu Hao , Sun Dongcheng
Published: November 2021

A supramolecular waterborne polyurethane (SWPU) with excellent mechanical and self‐healing properties simultaneously is reported in this work. Herein, the SWPU were synthesized by using 2,4‐diamino‐6‐undecyl‐1,3,5‐triazine react with isophorone diisocyanate to introduce ureidotriazine (UTr) structures into the main chain of polyurethane that can self‐assemble to form quadruple hydrogen bonds systems. A higher dimerization constant obtained through introducing two intramolecular hexatomic ring hydrogen bonds into the UTr structure, and the hydrophobicity, plasticity brought by the undecyl group on the triazine ring are beneficial to make a great balance between the binding strength for mechanical performance and the chain reversibility, mobility for self‐healing. Owing to the accuracy design, the SWPU exhibits high tensile stress (33.85 MPa) and excellent self‐healing ability (90.52%), which shows an enormous application potential in the field of functional coatings and adhesives.
Tuning response amplitude in nanoimprinted thermoresponsive polymer blend
Authors: Sargur Ranganath Anupama , Vellingiri Suganya , Low Hong Yee
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate the potential of thermoresponsive poly N‐(isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) based surfaces in achieving a low‐energy approach to modulate surface wetting for applications such as fog harvesting and anti‐fogging. Alternative to grafting methods, we use a two‐step approach for tuning the response amplitude. First, we blend PNIPAM with a chemically non‐reactive poly (vinylidene fluoride), PVDF (1/3, 1/1, 3/1 by weight). Second, thermal nanoimprint lithography is used to create micro (3, 5, 10, and 20 μm) and nano‐scale (100 and 200 nm) pillars. Nano‐patterned surfaces show a response amplitude of ~30°–50° compared to ~15°–30°, observed for the micro‐patterned surface. X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis confirms the reduction of polyvinylidene fluoride phase domains and enrichment of PNIPAM on the nano‐patterned surface. A real‐time dynamic mist condensation study showed that the nano‐patterned blend exhibited a lower temperature range (34/41°C) for on/off (wetting/drying) state compared to an unpatterned blend (37/50°C).
Resolved simulations of jet–ISM interaction: Implications for gas dynamics and star formation
Authors: Mukherjee Dipanjan , Bicknell Geoffrey V. , Wagner Alexander Y.
Published: November 2021

Relativistic jets can interact with the ambient gas distribution of the host galaxy, before breaking out to larger scales. In the past decade, several studies have simulated jet‐driven outflows to understand how they affect the nearby environment, and over what spatial and temporal scales such interactions occur. The simulations are able to capture the interaction of the jets with the turbulent clumpy interstellar medium and the resultant energetics of the gas. In this review, we summarize the results of such recent studies and discuss their implications on the evolution of the dynamics of the gas distribution and the star formation rate.
Emerging agents that target signaling pathways to eradicate colorectal cancer stem cells
Authors: Silva Valdenizia R. , Santos Luciano de S. , Dias Rosane B. , Quadros Claudio A. , Bezerra Daniel P.
Published: November 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The modern concept of cancer biology indicates that cancer is formed of a small population of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which present both pluripotency and self‐renewal properties. These cells are considered responsible for the progression of the disease, recurrence and tumor resistance. Interestingly, some cell signaling pathways participate in CRC survival, proliferation, and self‐renewal properties, and most of them are dysregulated in CSCs, including the Wingless (Wnt)/β‐catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR), phosphatidyl‐inositol‐3‐kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad pathways. In this review, we summarize the strategies for eradicating CRC stem cells by modulating these dysregulated pathways, which will contribute to the study of potential therapeutic schemes, combining conventional drugs with CSC‐targeting drugs, and allowing better cure rates in anti‐CRC therapy.
First in‐human evaluation of a novel intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography system for intracoronary imaging
Authors: Akl Elie , Pinilla‐Echeverri Natalia , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , Mehta Shamir R. , Dan Kazuhiro , Kuku Kayode O. , Courtney Brian K. , Sheth Tej
Published: November 2021

Aims

We evaluated the first in‐human performance of a novel hybrid imaging catheter that permits simultaneous and co‐registered acquisition of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.

Methods and Results

A total of 17 patients undergoing planned percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were imaged between August 2018 and August 2019. Eleven patients with both pre‐ and post‐PCI IVUS and OCT images were included in the offline image analysis. IVUS and OCT images were analyzed separately then together with co‐registered images for pre‐stent findings, and only separately for post‐stent findings. A total of 926 frames were analyzed (218 pre‐PCI, 708 post‐PCI). There was substantial agreement to detect calcific plaque between co‐registered IVUS‐OCT and standalone IVUS (Kappa 0.72 [0.65–0.79]) and standalone OCT (Kappa 0.75 [0.68–0.81]) while standalone imaging modalities showed lower agreement to detect lipidic and fibrotic plaques compared with co‐registered IVUS‐OCT. There were more frames with stent underexpansion on IVUS than OCT [72 (28.7%) vs. 58 (23.1%), respectively, p = 0.039]. Detection rates of incomplete stent apposition (present on 20 OCT frames vs. 2 IVUS frames, p < 0.001) and tissue protrusion (40 vs. 27 frames, p < 0.001) were higher on OCT than IVUS. One stent edge dissection was detected in the image analysis and was seen on OCT but not IVUS. All 177 frames with image artifacts contained at least one co‐registered imaging modality with interpretable diagnostic content. There were no study device‐related adverse events.

Conclusions

Hybrid image acquisition was safe. The availability of both IVUS and OCT changed image interpretation compared to either modality alone, suggesting a complementary role of these two techniques.