bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System analysis of the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation reactor as a control object
Authors: Popov A. P. , Bityukov V. K. , Tikhomirov S. G. , Neizvestnyi O. G. , Chertov E. D.
Published: October 2018

Catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene charge in a two-stage continuous-action adiabatic reactor is the main stage of the styrene production process. The analysis of this technological process existing automated control systems revealed the following main drawback, that these systems require great efforts from production personnel to ensure a change of the reactor temperature regime in the stages of the reactor in accordance with styrene concentration drop, which is caused by deactivation catalytic layer deactivation. Therefore, the synthesis of the target product concentration at the reactor outlet predictive control system is actual task in the field of technical cybernetics. This article presents the system analysis results of the dehydrogenation reactor as a control object. The main research result is a method choice for controlling of the chemical transformations temperature regime in the reactor, using that, it is possible to increase the energy efficiency and productivity of this device. The general and specific tasks of the control system synthesis are formulated on the basis of the system analysis, the information and functional synthesis of the temperature regime ACS is produced, the information and functional schemes of the reactor unit process equipment control subsystems are developed. As an operating system ACS is selected, which realizes of steam-ethylbenzene mixture temperature change at the reaction zones entrances of the 1st and 2nd reactor sections in accordance with the program control algorithm on the basis of predicting models, describing the heat exchange processes occurring inside the reactor stages as well as the dynamics of changes in such parameters as the concentration of coke deposits, catalyst activity, the basic and by- products concentration of chemical reactions.
Accuracy of References in Journal Literature of Medical Sciences: A Review
Authors: Gupta Vishnu Kumar , Babel Praveen
Published: October 2018

This review of literature presents the accuracy level of references in journal articles related to domain of medical science and its allied subjects. Peer-reviewed journals, which are being indexed in international citation databases and possess high impact factor, have reference errors. Not only journal articles but also the PubMed database contains bibliographic errors. Due to faulty references, task of indexing and abstracting of authors and articles in citation databases becomes troublesome. The high level of reference accuracy makes the scientific writings more reliable and useful which further moves towards the high quality scholarship.
Thermal Shock Effect on Strength Loss Properties of Rock Materials: An Experimental Study on Thermal Fatigue Durability
Authors: KÖMÜRLÜ Eren
Published: October 2018

Four different types of rock materials from Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey were investigated to determine their change in porosity as well as the degree of cracking, fracturing, disintegration and strength loss under heating-cooling cycles with variations in temperatures up to 300 Co. Cooling time and thermal strains of the rock specimens were also determined in this study. Totally, sixty rock core samples were tested to evaluate their physico-mechanical and mechanical properties. Thermal cycling was found to lead for increase in the porosity of the rocks, making new cracks, particle disintegration for two types of tested rocks and considerable losses in uniaxial compressive strength values of all the rock materials tested in this study. The purpose of this study is to investigate immediate changes in temperature values rather than step by step heating up to a target temperature. For instance, rock samples were directly put in 250 oC stove from a -50 oC cabin in the last and fifth thermal cycling. After the heating process, specimens were cooled in water and air. This study aims to be a usable reference to establish a thermal change procedure and improve a new testing method for determination of thermal fatigue durability of rock materials.
Türkiye’de Seçilen Hava Kalitesi İzleme İstasyonları için Eğilim (Trend) Değerlendirmeleri
Authors: Şişman Eyüp
Published: October 2018

Mühendislikten
ekonomiye, sağlıktan sosyal bilimlere kadar çoğu alanda toplanan çok sayıdaki
verinin eğilim (gidiş-trend) analizi yöntemleriyle işlenmesi, artan ve/ya
azalan durumların ortaya konulması, gelecek için öngörüde bulunulması ve
sonuçta tüm bu bilgiler ışığında her alanın sorunu ve çözümlerine yönelik yol
haritalarının belirlenmesi için yoğun çaba harcanmaktadır. Tüm bu alanlardaki
faaliyetlerin sürdürülebilirliği için, en başta çevrenin korunması gerekir. Çalışmada Türkiye’de yakıt olarak ithal ve linyit kömür
kullanan termik santrallerin çevresinde yer alan ulusal hava kalitesi izleme
istasyonlarında kirletici verilerinin belli periyot içerisindeki değişimi Yenilikçi
Trend (Eğilim) Diyagramı (YTD) yardımıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan
çözümleme ile illerdeki kirlilik eğilimi (trendi) veya sağlık riskindeki
değişim ortaya konularak, konuyla ilgilenen idareler, sivil toplum
kuruluşları, uzmanlar ve paydaşlar için faydalanabilecekleri grafik, bilgi ve
yorumlar üretilmiştir. Havayı kirleten salım (emisyon)
verilerinin, belirlenen standartlar arasındaki değişimi, geliştirilen yeni
trend analizi yaklaşımındaki görsel grafiklerle açıklanabilirse, hava
kalitesine bağlı risk analizlerinin ve önlemlerin daha somut şekilde ortaya
konulabilmesi mümkün olacaktır. Yapılan çalışma
sonunda Zonguldak
(Merkez), Kahramanmaraş (Merkez), Çanakkale (Merkez, Biga, Çan), Adana (Çatalan,
Doğankent, Valilik), Hatay (İskenderun), Manisa (Merkez), Ankara (Sincan),
Kütahya ve Şırnak’ın hava
kalitesinin zamanla iyileştiği, Kahramanmaraş (Elbistan),
Hatay (Antakya), Muğla (Yatağan) ve Manisa (Soma)’nın hava kalitesinin ise zamanla kötüleştiği
görülmüştür. Kullanılan verilerin zaman aralığı ve
hava kirlilik koşullarında gelinen nokta yapılan araştırma çalışmasına göre
değerlendirildiğinde, hava kalitesinde hedefimiz olan iyi koşullara
ulaşılabilmesi için daha fazla çaba gösterilmesinin gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır.
Yeni Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliğine Göre Zeminlerin Sıvılaşma Analizi ve Sıvılaşmaya Karşı İyileştirilmesi
Authors: Dağdeviren Uğur
Published: October 2018

Depremlerin mühendislik yapıları üzerinde yol açtığı
hasarlardan birisi zemin sıvılaşması kaynaklı hasarlardır. Zeminlerin sıvılaşma
mekanizmasını etkileyen birçok faktör olmasından dolayı, sıvılaşma
potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesi oldukça karmaşık bir problemdir. Deprem
durumunda zeminlerin sıvılaşma hassasiyetinin belirlenmesi ve olası etkilerin
önceden tahmin edilerek gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir. Zeminlerin
sıvılaşma potansiyelini belirlemek için yaygın olarak kullanılan gerilme esaslı
sıvılaşma analizi yeni Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliğine (TBDY) de dahil
edilmiştir. Bu yöntemin kullanımında, depremin karakteristikleri, zemin
özellikleri, arazi ve yeraltı su koşulları, arazi çalışmaları sırasında
kullanılan ekipman özellikleri gibi çok sayıda parametreye ihtiyaç
duyulmaktadır. Analizlerde kullanılan parametre sayısının ve ampirik ifadelerin
fazlalığı nedeniyle, uygulamadaki zemin etüt raporlarında zaman zaman önemli
hatalar meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yeni TBDY’nde tanımlanan
standart penetrasyon deneyine dayalı sıvılaşma analizlerini pratik hale
getirebilmek ve gerçekleştirilmiş analizleri hızlı bir şekilde kontrol
edebilmek amacıyla, farklı derinlikler, yeraltı su seviyeleri, ince dane
oranları ve standart penetrasyon direnci değerleri için kum zeminlerin
sıvılaşmaya karşı güvenlik sayısını veren grafikler hazırlanmıştır. Buna ilave
olarak, sıvılaşabilir zeminlerin iyileştirilmesine yönelik olarak zemin içinde
kolon teşkili yönteminde kullanılacak kolonların rijitliği ve yerleşim sıklığı
gibi tasarım parametrelerinin belirlenmesini sağlayan kartlar geliştirilmiştir.
Research on vibration-isolating rate of vibration-isolating slot under buried pipe subjected to blasting seismic waves
Authors: Ji Chong , Gao Fuyin , Cheng Liangyu , Liu Ying
Published: October 2018

The vibration-isolating rate of vibration isolating slot under buried pipe subjected to blasting seismic waves can been investigated by using the numerical method. For achieving a good vibration isolating effect, the depth of the vibration-isolating slot needs to be larger with the increase of the depth of the pore. The difference of the super-depth h leads to the difference in the trend of vibration isolating. The depth of the vibration-isolating slot is larger than the depth of the hole, which can improve the vibration-isolating rate. The different type of rock and soil medium is a significant effect on the vibration-isolating rate. To obtain ideal vibration-isolating effect, vibration-isolating slot depth compared with pipeline buried depth is greater than a certain value.
An analysis on the sensibility of casing vibration signal and its application to aero-hydraulic pump
Authors: Yu Mingyue , Xiang Pan , Zhang Runze , Wang Jinglin , Fei Zhang
Published: October 2018

Aero-hydraulic pump is a central part of hydraulic system in an aircraft. Acceleration sensors are installed in the axis, tangential and vertical direction for identifying the weak imbalance fault, and meanwhile analysis is made for the sensibility of weak imbalance fault from different direction acceleration signal. The result shows that the signal from vertical acceleration sensor is the most sensitive and the one from axis acceleration sensor is the least sensitive to identify and diagnose weak imbalance fault of aero-hydraulic pump.
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LEGAL RULES AS AN ELEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF LEGAL INFLUENCE: AN INSTRUMENTAL APPROACH
Authors: Berg L.
Published: October 2018

The author considers the essence of the establishment of legal rules as the will of the State that forms the structure of social relations. Based on an instrumental approach, the author examines the establishment of legal rules and the rules of law in their interaction with social activity, which allows subjects to “find themselves” in the legal system. Thus, the structures of public authorities, establishments and enterprises are created, their goals and order of activities are determined, as well as the competence and powers of officials, and legal statuses are secured; consequently, the participants, objects, terms of starting, changing and terminating legal relations concerning society are determined, too. Hence, the law influences the content of social relations, which is activity. In general, the results of the activities of individual and collective subjects of law reflect social relations, and social relations need legal regulation. At the same time, social relations may appear not only as activity, they may also appear in a passive form as legal statuses, social institutions. They are also regulated through legal rules, and in that case legal influence is carried out through the establishment of legal rules. It is able to predict the legal forms of subject activities through the establishment of legal rules. The author puts forward a legal definition of the establishment of legal rules as a purposeful influence on public relations, which is to regulate by means of legal rules. Distinctions of legal regulation from legal influence are established. The legal means expressing external factors in reference to the subject’s will correspond to the establishment of legal rules. However, by analyzing a list of normative acts we can conclude that legal means should be established more logically. It is necessary to consider the dialectics of relationships between purpose and means in the field of rulemaking processes, since dialectics is of a two-way determinative nature.
RECOGNITION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING (ABS) LEGISLATION AND POLICIES OF THE PARTIES TO THE NAGOYA PROTOCOL
Authors: Arjjumend H.
Published: October 2018

The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) provides for the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities (ILCs) in accordance with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). States Parties are obliged to take legislative, administrative and technical measures to recognize, respect and support/ensure the prior informed consent of indigenous communities and their effective involvement in preparing mutually agreed terms before accessing genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge or utilizing them. Within the ambit of contemporary debates encompassing indigenous peoples’ right to self-determination, this paper examines the effectiveness of the percolation of the legal intent of international law into existing or evolving domestic laws, policies or administrative measures of the Parties on access and benefit sharing. Through an opinion survey of indigenous organizations and the competent national authorities of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the findings indicate that the space, recognition and respect created in existing or evolving domestic ABS measures for the rights of indigenous communities are too inadequate to effectively implement the statutory provisions related to prior informed consent, mutually agreed terms and indigenous peoples’ free access to biological resources as envisaged in the Nagoya Protocol. As these bio-cultural rights of indigenous peoples are key to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, the domestic ABS laws need reorientation to be sufficiently effective in translating the spirit of international ABS law and policies.
SCREENING FOR ANTI-QUORUM SENSING AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITY IN Viscum album L. EXTRACTS AND ITS BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Authors: ERDÖNMEZ Demet , KENAR Nihal , ERKAN TÜRKMEN Kübra
Published: October 2018

Many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria use the Quorum Sensing (QS) system to coordinate their virulence expressions. Thus, QS can likely be a new approach to control bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities of ethanol, chloroform, and dichloromethane: methanol extracts of leaf, stem, and fruits of the European mistletoe Viscum album L. on 2 Gram-positive and 7 Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The extracts at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250mg/ml were tested depending on the extracts of the plant parts and the test bacteria. The extract with 50mg/ml concentration, in which no antimicrobial activity was observed, was used for anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm studies. The dichloromethane: methanol extracts were found to show the highest biological activities. QS activities of the plant extracts were also determined using the recently established Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 reporter strain and the signaling molecule N-(ß-ketocaproyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL) agar well diffusion assay. Biofilm was quantified using the microtiter plate test and the crystal violet assay. Anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activity of leaf and stem extracts showed higher efficiency than fruit extracts. It was concluded that the extracts of V. album had the potential to treat microbial infections by biofilm inhibition or inhibition of QS.
EFEK HEPATOTOKSIK ANTI TUBERKULOSIS TERHADAP KADAR ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE DAN ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE SERUM PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU
Authors: Prihatni Delita , Parwati Ida , Sjahid Idaningroem , Rita Coriejati
Published: October 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major health problem, especially in the developing countries. The combination of antituberculosis drugs are generally recommended for the treatment of tuberculosis. Van Crevel study in Jakarta found that most (70%) of patients with pulmonary TB who received combined antituberculosis drugs with standard (450 mg) dose rifampicin had very low plasma rifampicin level. Based on this results, TB Research and Clinical Trial Centre Bandung & University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands conduct the study which compared clinical outcome between standard and high (600 mg) dose of rifampicin. Most of antituberculosis drugs currently available are very low in causing acute and chronic toxicities, however we must keep aware of side effect during the treatment. The most serious adverse effect of several drugs is liver damage (drug induced hepatitis) and potentially fatal hepatitis. To detect liver demage earlier aspartate aminotransferase( AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum level were examined during antituberculosis treatment. The aim of this study was to determine AST and ALT serum level at intensif phase of antituberculosis treatment with standard and high dose rifampicin. The study had been done from August 2003 to September 2004 at Dr Hasan Sadikin Hospital and Balai Pengobatan Penyakit Paruparu, Bandung. The subjects were divided randomly into 2 groups. The first group consisted of patients with category I antituberculosis drugs with standard dose rifampicin and the second group patients also category I with high dose rifampicin. Aspartate aminotransferase and ALT serum level were examined at week 0 (before treatment), 2nd, 4th, and 8th. This was randomized clinical trial with paralel design study. Statistical analysis used paired t test to compare the dose effect of rifampicin to AST and ALT serum level changes, t independent test to compared mean difference of AST and ALT serum level changes which is projected by profile analysis. p value < 5%.. The prevalence of the hepatotoxicity were 17.39% of standard dose and 18.17% of high dose rifampicin. The hepatotoxicity were mild and moderate level,and it was already present at 2 weeks of therapy. There were no significant difference of AST and ALT serum level beetween those two groups. Conclusion: In this study antituberculosis drugs with high dose rifampicin were safe for TB patients.
PENENTUAN DEFISIENSI BESI ANEMIA PENYAKIT KRONIS MENGGUNAKAN PERAN INDEKS sTfR-F
Authors: Muhammad Adang , Sianipar Osman
Published: October 2018

Background: The highest prevalence of nutrition problem due to nutrition deï¬ciency is iron deï¬ciency. Chronic disease anemia often occurs coincide with iron deï¬ciency and both show of low iron serum appearance. Difï¬culty occurs when iron deï¬ciency determined in chronic disease anemia by routine parameters. Bone marrow stainning can indicate iron store, but it is invasive. Therefore it needs another more practical parameter that has higher diagnostic value. Objective: To know the more practical parameter that can determine iron deï¬ciency in chronic disease anemia Discussion: Ferritin serum indicates iron store in the body, whereas transferin receptor indicates functional of iron uptake in the erythrocyte. Changes of ferritin level due to inï¬‚ammation process are varies. Recent evidence shows different changes of transferin receptor between iron deï¬ciency anemia and those in chronic disease anemia. In chronic disease anemia, receptor transferin level increase but not as high as in those who suffer from pure iron deï¬ciency anemia. Studies on groups of iron deï¬ciency anemia, iron deï¬ciency with acute inï¬‚ammation, chronic disease anemia and healthy control population showed signiï¬cance differences of receptor transferin among them. sTrF-R index is an index derived from the calculation of transferin receptor level divided by logarithmic of the ferritin level. The usage of sTfR-F index indicates more signiï¬cance difference as compared to transferin receptor. Its sensitivity and speciï¬city increase when it is applied to diagnose iron deï¬ciency in elderly group. Conclusions: sTfR-F index is more sensitive and specific for the determination of iron deficiency in chronic disease anemia
HIPOKALEMIK PERIODIK PARALISIS
Authors: Widjajanti Anik , Agustini S.M.
Published: October 2018

A 7-year-old boy of Java origin, visited the doctor with progressive weakness everytime he ate food containing Monosodium Glutamat (MSG). Progressive weakness began from his legs and spreaded to the arms as well (sometimes also to the neck). He could neither walk nor do anything for 5–6 hours then began to resolve spontaneously.. We suspected the diagnosis of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis upon the history of episodes of flacid paralysis and low serum concentration of potassium (< 3,5 mmol/L) during the attacts. The clinical examination showed that this boy is in good general and nutritional conditions; electrocardiogram, laboratory blood count, urinalisis, thyroid, liver, kidney function, and ANA test were normal as well. The family history of flacid paralysis was negative. We have promptly administered potassium orally and his condition was improved progressively including less degree of flacid paralysis (the weakness). A genetic testing, electromyography (EMG), muscle biopsy and another examination has not performed.
HASIL TES LAJU ENDAP DARAH CARA MANUAL DAN AUTOMATIK
Authors: Ibrahim N. , Aprianti Suci , Arif M. , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non specific test that describes changes in protein plasma and is useful to determine inflammatory case. ESR is determined by using manual and automatic. In big cities, automatic method is more popular now days, but in periphery area, manual method is still the choice. To find out correlation between the results of manual and automatic tests. Cross sectional study was carried out among 200 patients at dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Public Hospital of Makassar from September to October 2005. The data were analyzed using R-Square (R2) and regression test using SPSS 11.5. There is significant correlation (P<0.05) among vertical manual, oblique manual and automatic methods. R2 of automatic and vertical methods are 0.95 (the first one hour) and 0.94 (the second one hour), as well as the R2 of oblique and vertical methods are 0.62 (the first one hour) and 0.87 (the second one hour) respectively. There is correlation among the results of the three methods. To convert the result of automatic to vertical, an equation of vertical score = 4.32 + 1.00 (automatic score) can be used. Meanwhile, conversion of oblique score to vertical score is vertical score = 7.58 + 0.99 (oblique score).
ANALISIS TEMUAN BASIL TAHAN ASAM PADA SPUTUM CARA LANGSUNG DAN SEDIAAN KONSENTRASI PADA SUSPEK TUBERKULOSIS
Authors: Frida Elisabeth , Ibrahim S. , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Tuberculosis is still an important health problem in Indonesia, being the third place in the world. The diagnosis could be done bydirect microscopic method of slides stained with Ziehl Neelsen. The finding of AFB could be improved by decontaminating the specimensto provide a concentrated sample. To analyze the findings of AFB through microscopy and concentrated smear methods, comparing ofeach to bacteriological culture. Diagnosis was done on 148 patients during May to September 2005, using microscopic method (directmicroscopy and concentrated smear) and culture. Analysis of results was done by using SPSS for Window v. 11.5. Of the 148 specimens,15 (10.1%) and 55 (37.2%) positive AFB were found in direct microscopy and concentrated smears respectively. The sensitivities indirect microscopy and concentrated smears were 22% and 64.8%, while the specificities were 96.8% and 78.7%, positive predictivevalues (PPV) were 80% and 63.6%, negative predictive values (NPV) 68.4% and 79.5%, accuracy values were 69.5% and 73.6%. Thespecificity and PPV were higher in direct microscopic method, while positive value, sensitivity, NPV and accuracy value were higher indecontamination, concentrated sample method. Concentrated sample method will increase the accuracy of the finding of Ziehl NeelsenstainedAFB so that this method could be assumed better for use.
POLA MIKROORGANISME PADA LIANG VAGINA WANITA HAMIL DI RSU DR. SOETOMO SURABAYA
Authors: Herawati Sianny , Probohoesodo M.Y. , . Prihatini
Published: October 2018

In pregnant women especially in the third trimester, it is seldom that attention is paid to microorganism in the vagina. Many studies have reported about microorganism in the vagina which possibly can infect the foetus. This is due to the migration of bacterial colonization in the vagina to the foetus during labour, causing infection or sepsis in the foetus after delivery. To study the microorganism pattern in the vagina of pregnant women, pathogenic as well as normal flora of the vagina. If the microorganism is known, prevention or treatment before and after delivery can be applied. Population was recruited from pregnant women in the third trimester who visited The Maternity Outpatient Clinic, Dr. Soetomo Hospital from September until October 2005. Specimens from ostium of the cervix and posterior fornix of the vagina were collected in Amies media and examined in the Department of Clinical Pathology, Airlangga University/ Dr. Soetomo Hospital to detect any bacteria, fungi and parasites using direct method and culture. The microorganism pattern from 30 pregnant women consisted of non-haemolytic Streptococcus 25%, Escherichia coli 25%, Lactobacillus 35%, Staphylococcus aureus 10%, and Staphylococcus coagulase negative 5%. The result of fungi examination showed 14 (47%) samples with negative result and 16 (53%) samples with positive result (Candida sp). The pattern of microorganism was dominated by Lactobacillus and Candida sp but no parasites in the vagina were found.
EVALUASI PEMERIKSAAN IMUNOKROMATOGRAFI UNTUK MENDETEKSI ANTIBODI IgM DAN IgG DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE ANAK
Authors: Retno Setyowati Ety , Aryati Aryati , Prihatini Prihatini , Probohoesodo M.Y.
Published: October 2018

The gold standard diagnosis of DHF by RT-PCR needs a complex technology and is time consuming. Serological tests have beendeveloped to detect IgM and IgG anti dengue to determine primary as well as secondary acute phase infection. IgM and IgG antidenguetests by immunochromatography have been used, due to a high diagnostic validity, also because they are simple, practicable, easy, rapid(15–30 minutes), can be used in a single serum sample. ELISA method has been used as a confirmation method. The aim of this studyis to evaluate the immunochromatography method in detecting IgG and IgM anti dengue of DHF patients. The study was performedon 50 serum samples from patients of the ICU Department of Paediatrics Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya during July–August 2005with dengue virus infection according to the 1997, WHO criterion and 27 serum samples from non dengue virus infection patients.ELISA method showed positive infection in 44 samples. Immunochromatography method showed positive infection in 43 samples, butwas negative in 1 sample. Diagnostic sensitivity of Immunochromatography is 97.7% (43/44) and the diagnostic specificity is 92.6%(25/27). Immunochromatography method has a high diagnostic value in assisting the diagnosis of DHF.
PENGENDALIAN MUTU BIDANG MIKROBIOLOGI KLINIK
Authors: Prihatini Prihatini
Published: October 2018

The quality control program in microbiology are procedures to identify microorganism,monitoring,to asses laboratory competencein handling clinical materials, other methods needed.QC is essential in bacteriology because nature, unlike clinical chemistry andhematology QC's, because can't compare with control value. The QC in microbiology include preparation of pra-analitics,analitics andpost-analitics which depending to personal, material,SOP and micoorganism Specimens, laboratory Instruments like incubators, freezer,autoclaves, must be good preparations. Examinations use control standard, monitoring all of themes periodically The laboratory resultswere recorded and evaluated as reference laboratory. The QC microbiology have been presented, they need large budgets to validity oflaboratory results.
NILAI TROPONIN T (cTnT) PENDERITA SINDROM KORONER AKUT (SKA)
Authors: Nawawi R A , Fitriani Fitriani , Rusli B , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is an emergency cardiac condition manifested by chest pain or other symptoms as the result ofischemic myocardium. Myocardial damage can be detected by Creatine Kinase MB (CK-MB), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and cTnTtests. CTnT can be used as criteria of therapy determination. The combination of CK-MB and cTnT are the most effective tests if theearly myocardium damage is unknown, to evaluate cTnT, CK-MB, and LDH values in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) atWahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. Secondary data were collected from the medical records (from March to July 2005 period)at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. Chi-square and Spearman correlation were carried out to analyze the collected data. Theinvestigators found 90 patients with ACS consisted of 57 males (63.33%) and 33 females (36.67%). The highest cTnT Value of 0.1 to2.0 ng/ml was found in 39 patients (43.33%), 30 females (52.63%). Significant correlation showed by Chi-square test between IMAEKG and cTnT values (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation test demonstrated significant correlation between cTnT value and CK-MB andLDH (p = 0.001). Most cTnT values were found in the male patients with ACS, aged 60 to 69 years and significantly correlated withIMA's ECG, CK-MB and LDH.
LEUKEMIA SEL PLASMA
Authors: H Wiwin , Hadiwidjaja DB.
Published: October 2018

A woman 40 years old, with pathologic fractures confirmed by radiological examination. She has a history of chronic bone painin her leg and pelvis. Laboratory examination reveals classical data of multiple myeloma, but with increased plasma cell leukemia inperipheral blood. It is necessary to differenciate plasma cell leukemia with multiple myeloma especially in high degree proliferatingterminal stage. Recommendation for a new method ie flowcytometry immunophenotyping has been proposed for hemato-oncology.
NILAI RUJUKAN HEMATOLOGI PADA ORANG DEWASA SEHAT BERDASARKAN SYSMEX XT-1800i
Authors: Esa T , Aprianti S , Arif M , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

The reference values of laboratory tests are affected by factors such as instruments and methods of tests, which are always beingdeveloped. For these reasons, each laboratory is recommended to determine their own reference values. To determine the reference valuesof complete blood count in healthy adult people, and compare them to the reference values which is taken from the references. A crosssectional study was conducted on 200 healthy adult people, aged 18-60 years, selected during blood donation. The eight haematologicalparameters were estimated using Sysmex Xt-1800i at Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. The data were analyzed statistically by SPSS11.5 programs. The reference values of leukocyte, erythrocyte, haemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelet were: 4400 to10000 /µL; %:4.2–6.2 í— 106/µL; &:3.8–5.5 í— 106/µL; %:12.5–17.3 g/dL; &:11.8–15.4 g/dL; %:38.1–50.4 %; &:31.1–49.7 %; 80,1to 94,3 fL, 25,9–31,9 pg, 31,4–35,2 g/dL, and %:171.2–405.1 í— 103/µL; &:191.8–441.5 í— 103/µL, respectively. Significant differenceswere observed in the MCH and platelet values (p< 0,005). The values found in this study were similar to the reference value commonlyused in our laboratory, except for the MCH value which was lower and the platelet value which was higher..
KADAR b-hCG PENDERITA MOLA HIDATIDOSA SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH KURETASE
Authors: Syafii Syafii , Aprianti S , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Hydatiform mole is an important disease, with a high incidence, many risk factors, and equity spreading. To know and compareb-hCG levels among patients with hydatiform mole before and after curretage was investigated. A retrospective study from January2002 to December 2005 at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Public Hospital was performed comprising b-hCG levels of hydatiform molepatients before and after curettage. b-hCG level (Elisa's method) were grouped by age of pregnancy. Among 72 patients, 43 patients withhydatiform mole were found. At trimester I among 10 patients (23.3%), b-hCG level was higher 3 (7.0%), normally 4 (9.3%) and lower3 (7.0%). At trimester II, among 33 patients (76.7%), b-hCG level was higher 12 (27.9%), normal 13 (30.2%) and lower 3 (7.0%).After curretage, b-hCG level was decreased in 35 (81.4%), and increased in 7 (16.3%). Diagnosis of hydatiform mole was establishedin 36 (83.7%) and Gestational Trophoblastic Tumours (GTT) 7 (16.3%). Patients with hydatiform mole had the highest incidence intrimester II with normal b-hCG level and b-hCG level decreased after curretage.
FAKTOR PATOGENESIS DAN DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT von Willebrand
Authors: Sindunata R , Probohoesodo M. Y.
Published: October 2018

von Willebrand disease (vWD) is an autosomal inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or abnormality of von Willebrandfactor (vWF). vWF is a large multimeric glycoprotein that mediates platelet adhesion at the site of vessel injury. It also protects factorVIII from proteolytic degradation in the circulation. vWD has a prevalence of about 1% in the general population but less than 10%have bleeding symptoms. Bleeding symptoms are usually mucocutaneous and post surgical with varying severity. This disorder canresult from either a quantitative (types 1 and 3) or qualitative (type 2) defect in vWF. Type 2 vWD has been further classified into fourdistinct subtypes; 2A, 2B, 2M and 2N. The diagnosis of vWD requires attention to personal and family history of excessive bleeding andconfirmation by laboratory evaluation. A mild chronic thrombocytopenia is often seen in type 2B vWD. Patients with mild vWD oftenhave both a normal bleeding time and normal APTT. Specific tests for vWD diagnosis involve vWF antigen level, vWF activity (ristocetincofactor), and factor VIII activity. Once a diagnosis is established, additional tests that aid in classifying the type of vWD includeristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and vWF multimer analysis.
KORELASI ANTARA PERIKSAAN DARAH SAMAR TINJA MENGGUNAKAN ANTI-HEMOGLOBIN MANUSIA DAN PENGAMATAN MIKROSKOPIS
Authors: Liana Liana , Prihatini Prihatini
Published: October 2018

Test for occult blood in faeces is an important part of the early detection of colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal bleeding, and anaemia.Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Immunochemistry method for detection of humanhaemoglobin in faeces has been developed. The advantages of this method are improving analytical sensitivity and specificity, alsoavoiding the dietary restrictions requirement, compared with benzidine test, and guaiacum test. A study was performed to correlate theresult of fecal occult blood by immunochemistry method using anti-human haemoglobin and microscopic examination of red blood cellsin faeces of outpatients in the Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. Faeces of fifty one patients tested for fecaloccult blood were examined by immunochemistry method compared with microscopic examination of red blood cells. Comparison ofthe two methods was done by statistical analysis, Mc Nemar test. The correlation was measured using ROC curve. The results showed acorrelation between immunochemistry method and microscopic examination with average red blood cells (RBC) â‰¤ 2/hpf, p = 0.008; RBCâ‰¥ 3/hpf, p = 0.289. ROC curve showed r = 0.941. In conclusion, a significant correlation between positive results of immunochemistrymethod and microscopic examination with average red blood cells â‰¥ 3/hpf. Further research using larger and more representativesamples should be carried out.
GAMBARAN SEROLOGIS IgM – IgG CEPAT DAN HEMATOLOGI RUTIN PENDERITA DBD
Authors: Irwadi D. , Arif M. , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

The prevalence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in South Sulawesi is still high. Proper and immediate management is importantto reduce the disease morbidity and mortality The aims of this study are to know the between correlate in stages of the disease and valuesof blood IgM-IgG, routine haematology analyses as will as infection status. A cross sectional study was done at Wahidin SudirohusodoHospital Makassar in January – June 2006. The diagnosis of DHF following WHO criteria (1999) and Immunocromatographic unit(ICT) for sera IgM-IGg have been conducted. From 83 collected samples, 37 male (44.6%) and female 46 (55.4%) ranged betweenage 6 months up to 47 year old. The decrease of trombocyte counts (mean 70.120/Î¼L) and increase of (mean 10.09%) were observed.Serological unit result showed 10 (12%) primary infections and 68 (82%) secondary infections. Immunoglobulin G could be detectedin the second day of fever. The samples, 56 (67.5%) were stage I, 15 (18.1%) were stage II, and 12 (14.4%) were stage III or IV, thatmeans there were correlation between infection status and disease's stages (p<0.01). It can be concluded they routine blood analysisis still useful for diagnosis of DHF, because it was confirmed by rapid serological unit specifically for IgM-IgG in early phase of DHF. Sothey an adequate treatment came out in order to prevent severe case of the disease.
KADAR KREATININ DAN BERSIHAN KREATININ PENDERITA LEPTOSPIROSIS
Authors: Amin Ismawati , Rusli B. , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Leptospirosis is a frequent zoonosis in the tropics including Indonesia with 5–30% incidence and 5–20% mortality rate due toacute renal failure (ARF). To determine the frequency of leptospirosis by sex, age and glomerulus's filtration rate (GFR) of the patient.A retrospective descriptive study on 32 subjects was done by measuring the creatinine clearance using Lyasis Auto analyzer in ClinicalPathology Laboratory of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from January 2004 to June 2006, of 32 patients, 25 (78%) male and 7 (22%)female, with the most frequent age range from 30–40 years (34.4%). Of the patients, 2 (6.3%) have normal GFR, 6 (18.8%) withmild GFR reduction, 10 (31.3%) with medium GFR reduction, 10 (31.3%) with severe GFR reduction and 4 (12.5%) with acute renalfailure. Leptospirosis is most frequent found in male with age between 30–40 years old. with reduction of GFR from mild to severe, andeven terminated with acute renal failure.
PROFIL TES DARAH RUTIN DAN JUMLAH LIMFOSIT TOTAL PADA PENDERITA HIV/AIDS
Authors: Afiah Amraini , Arif M. , Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

CD4 test and Viral Load have been done for initiating, controlling, and deciding the treatment and prognosis of HIV/AIDS.If bothtests cannot be done, clinical symptoms and total lymphocyte count (TLC) can be used. TLC and Hb can be used for monitoring theHIV progressiveness. To evaluate routine blood test results, TLC, and CD4 of HIV/AIDS patients. Cross sectional and descriptive studyfrom October 2005 to April 2006, of 30 patients, i.e. 21 men (70%) and 9 women (30%). Leucopenia was found in 16.67% men and13.33% women. Anemia Hb in 70% men and 30% women with mean value 2.52 g/dl; lymphocytopenia in 46.67% men and 10%women; and netropenia in 16.67% men and 10% women. CD4 was discovered decline in 66.67% men and 30% women with mean value63.4 cell/mm3. TLC in 43.33% men and 16.67% women with mean value 1081.21 cell/mm3. In the study we found i.e. leucopenia,anemia, limfocytopenia, and neutropenia. CD4 and TLC are mostly decline. Further researches in the bigger populations are conductedto consider the parameter of routine blood tests, TLC, and CD4 on HIV/AIDS patients for initiating therapy.
NILAI DIAGNOSTIK KASET IMUNOKROMATOGRAFI SEBAGAI ALAT PENUNJANG DIAGNOSIS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE PADA PENDERITA DEWASA
Authors: Pindayani Kusuma , Aryati Aryati , Probohoesodo Y.
Published: October 2018

A rapid immunochromatographic test that incorporates blue particle conjugated with recombinant dengue envelope protein,antihuman IgM monoclonal antibodies and antihuman IgG monoclonal antibodies (Virotec Dengue IgG/IgM XP; Indec Diagnostics,Indonesia using technology of USA) was evaluated by using IgG and IgM captured ELISA (Dengue Duo ELISA, Panbio) which has a99% sensitivity and a 92% specificity as the "gold standard”. This assay, cassette in shape, is performed in 15–30 minutes and detectsboth immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG in a capture format. There were 57 paired sera of dengue haemmorhagic fever (according toWHO 1997 criterias) and 72 sera of non dengue haemmorhagic fever patients (typhoid fever, UTI, malaria, chikungunya, hepatitis andpneumonia). For the diagnosis of dengue virus infection, the rapid test showed a sensitivity of 98%, positive predictive value of 88%,negative predictive value of 98% and specificity of 99%. The rapid test is a useful aid in rapid diagnosis and differentiation betweenprimary and secondary dengue virus infection.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DENGAN KADAR KREATININ SERUM PENDERITA PENYAKIT GINJAL MENAHUN (KRONIS)
Authors: . Rosnety, , Arif M , . Hardjoeno
Published: October 2018

Chronically Kidney Disease (CKD) is the health problem of society worldwide, included Indonesia which its amount will increase.Clinical manifestation often following CKD is anaemia which will be severe with the increasing of serum creatinine values. To determinefrequent distribution of anaemia degree and assessing relationship between haemoglobin (Hb) and creatinine concentration in CKDpatients. Retrospective Descriptive Study in CKD patients with anaemia. In the period of May-September 2006, from 50 CKD patientsat the Department of Internal Medicine, Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar, 38 patients (76%) suffered severe anaemia(Hb < 8 g/dl). Mean value of Hb was 6,85 g/dl and serum creatinine concentration was 11.89 mg/dl. There was a significantrelationship between increasing of serum creatinine and decreasing of Hb (p = 0,013). Majority of CKD patients suffered from severeanaemia, there was relationship between increasing of serum creatinine and decreasing of Hb. To make routine blood tests and bloodsmears in CKD patients is needed, with large of samples to assess the relationship between Hb and serum creatinine.
KAJIAN KELUARGA tHALAssEMIA b-HEMOGLOBIN E
Authors: A Nurul , Aman Adi K , G Ratna A
Published: October 2018

HbE-b thalassemia is an inherited hemoglobin disorder of gene combination b thalassemia and HbE. It is caused by thalassemia and hemoglobinopathy gene,which acting as the allele in the same locus of chromosome. The clinical presentation is more severe than HbEhomozygote and almost similar to b thalassemia major. This disease is found predominantly in South East Asia, including Indonesia.The family study is very needed in order to genetic screening to prevent hemoglobinopathy and thalassemia homozygote. The objective ofthis study is to know the pedigree from the daughter who suffer from HbE- b thalassemia which is taken care in the children ward at H.Adam Malik Top Refferal Hospital, Medan. The family study was also done to both father and mother, one sister and to both grandparent.An examination was carried ,which include physical examination, complete cell blood count, peripheral blood morphology, hemoglobinanalysis with Hb-electroforese pH 8.5 agarose medium and read with densitometri, and osmotic fragility examination. From the familystudy was found that her father suffer from HbE heterozygote while the mother suffer from b thalassemia trait and sister got HbE- bthalassemia. The father and mother have no relative acceptance and there is no any blood linkage. Her grandparent could not performthe blood sample because they were have already passed away .
ANTIGEN OMP (OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN) salmonella typhi FAGA LOKAL YANG IMUNODOMINAN DAN SPESIFIK TERHADAP ANTIBODI PENDERITA DEMAM TIFOID
Authors: Nugraha J. , Anggraini Rahayu
Published: October 2018

Background of this research is that diagnostics of typhoid fever is still a health problem. Widal test, which is the mostly used test in Indonesia, frequently gives false positive results and is not reliable in endemic areas. On the other hand, the other confirmation test, bloodculture, is not sensitive and often give false negative results. OMP (Outer Membrane Protein) is known as a specific part of Salmonellatyphi and fragments of OMP still exist in the patient's body since early infection until 2–3 weeks thereafter. In this study parts of OMPwhich react specifically with sera of typhoid fever in Indonesia were searched. These specific parts will then be developed as a diagnostickit for typhoid fever. Using Western Blot method, part of OMP will be searched, which is specifically react with sera of typhoid feverpatients in Indonesia. OMP derived from local phage type isolated in Indonesia was used. This OMP was separated with SDS-PAGE 12%and incubated with pooled sera of typhoid fever patients, and sera of control group, that is from Dengue haemorrhagic fever patientsand urinary tract infection with E. coli. Extraction of OMP was done by the method of Matsuyama. Contrary, this research failed to find a particular part of OMP which react specifically with sera of typhoid fever patients. There are certain parts of OMP which react also with sera of DHF & urinary tract infection patients. Our finding was different with the results from Malaysia, where it is reported thatantigen OMP 52 kD react specifically there. In order to develop a diagnostic tool for typhoid fever, we should consider another possiblespecific antigen other rather than using OMP.
INFESTASI PLASMODIUM DALAM SUMSUM TULANG PENDERITA MALARIA
Authors: Diah P M. I. , A Tonang D , W Lusi O , Suparyatmo J. B. , S Yuwono H
Published: October 2018

A 26-years-old man, was admitted to the hospital with the symptom of fever for 2 weeks. Differential diagnosis were pneumonia and lung tuberculosis, micrositic hypocromic anemia, and hyperglicemic stress. Bloodlood smear and bone marrow puncture showed infestation puncture showed infestation of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. In this case, malaria infestation caused pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration in. In this case, malaria infestation caused pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration in malaria was useful for diagnostic and treatment monitoring.
PERBANDINGAN CYSTATIN C DENGAN PARAMETER UJI FUNGSI GINJAL LAINNYA
Authors: . Pusparini
Published: October 2018

The Gold standard for the evaluation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is inulin clearance, but in widespread use is prevented by several technical difficulties. The most commonly used marker for GFR is serum creatinine alone or in conjunction with 24 hoururine collection for determination of creatinine clearance, but these marker have several limitation include following: influence of age,sex, muscle mass on endogenous creatinine production, dietary intake and the difficulties of 24 hour urine collection. Fifty six patientwith chronic renal failure and 53 control had analyze for serum creatinin, creatinine clearance and serum cystatin C. The chronic renalfailure patient aged range from (64 + 14.54) year and the control group aged range from (62.5+ 17.5) year. The proposed of this studywas to compare cystatin C with another parameter for renal function test. The result showed that in control group serum creatinineand creatinine clearance had influence with age, sex and body mass index, but serum cystatin C was not. The normal value of cystatinC was (0.85 + 0.13) mg/dL In chronic renal failure group there were significant correlation between level of cystatin C with creatininclearance (p = 0.000, r = 0.69). The level of cystatin C increase higher than serum creatinine in patient with low clearance creatinine.In control group we were determined low creatinine clearance in patient with normal serum creatinine and cystatin C.