bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slow gamma rhythms in CA3 are entrained by slow gamma activity in the dentate gyrus
Authors: Hsiao Yi-Tse , Zheng Chenguang , Colgin Laura Lee
Published: September 2016

In hippocampal area CA1, slow (∼25–55 Hz) and fast (∼60–100 Hz) gamma rhythms are coupled with different CA1 afferents. CA1 slow gamma is coupled to inputs from CA3, and CA1 fast gamma is coupled to inputs from the medial entorhinal cortex (Colgin LL, Denninger T, Fyhn M, Hafting T, Bonnevie T, Jensen O, Moser MB, Moser EI. Nature 462: 353–357, 2009). CA3 gives rise to highly divergent associational projections, and it is possible that reverberating activity in these connections generates slow gamma rhythms in the hippocampus. However, hippocampal gamma is maximal upstream of CA3, in the dentate gyrus (DG) region (Bragin A, Jando G, Nadasdy Z, Hetke J, Wise K, Buzsaki G. J Neurosci 15: 47–60, 1995). Thus it is possible that slow gamma in CA3 is driven by inputs from DG, yet few studies have examined slow and fast gamma rhythms in DG recordings. Here we investigated slow and fast gamma rhythms in paired recordings from DG and CA3 in freely moving rats to determine whether slow and fast gamma rhythms in CA3 are entrained by DG. We found that slow gamma rhythms, as opposed to fast gamma rhythms, were particularly prominent in DG. We investigated directional causal influences between DG and CA3 by Granger causality analysis and found that DG slow gamma influences CA3 slow gamma. Moreover, DG place cell spikes were strongly phase-locked to CA3 slow gamma rhythms, suggesting that DG excitatory projections to CA3 may underlie this directional influence. These results indicate that slow gamma rhythms do not originate in CA3 but rather slow gamma activity upstream in DG entrains slow gamma rhythms in CA3.
Social context differentially modulates activity of two interneuron populations in an avian basal ganglia nucleus
Authors: Woolley Sarah C.
Published: September 2016

Basal ganglia circuits are critical for the modulation of motor performance across behavioral states. In zebra finches, a cortical-basal ganglia circuit dedicated to singing is necessary for males to adjust their song performance and transition between spontaneous singing, when they are alone (“undirected” song), and a performance state, when they sing to a female (“female-directed” song). However, we know little about the role of different basal ganglia cell types in this behavioral transition or the degree to which behavioral context modulates the activity of different neuron classes. To investigate whether interneurons in the songbird basal ganglia encode information about behavioral state, I recorded from two interneuron types, fast-spiking interneurons (FSI) and external pallidal (GPe) neurons, in the songbird basal ganglia nucleus area X during both female-directed and undirected singing. Both cell types exhibited higher firing rates, more frequent bursting, and greater trial-by-trial variability in firing when male zebra finches produced undirected songs compared with when they produced female-directed songs. However, the magnitude and direction of changes to the firing rate, bursting, and variability of spiking between when birds sat silently and when they sang undirected and female-directed song varied between FSI and GPe neurons. These data indicate that social modulation of activity important for eliciting changes in behavioral state is present in multiple cell types within area X and suggests that social interactions may adjust circuit dynamics during singing at multiple points within the circuit.
StrongyloidesHyperinfection Syndrome Combined with Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Elzein Fatehi Elnour , Alsaeed Mohammed , Ballool Sulafa , Attia Ashraf
Published: September 2016

The mortality inStrongyloideshyperinfection syndrome (SHS) is alarmingly high. This is particularly common in bone marrow, renal, and other solid organ transplant (SOT) patients, where figures may reach up to 50–85%. Immunosuppressives, principally corticosteroids, are the primary triggering factor. In general, the clinical features ofStrongyloides stercoralishyperinfection are nonspecific; therefore, a high index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and starting appropriate therapy. Although recurrent Gram-negative sepsis and meningitis have been previously reported, the combination of both cytomegalovirus (CMV) and strongyloidiasis had rarely been associated. We here describe a patient who survived SHS with recurrentEscherichia coli(E. coli) urosepsis and CMV infection.
Development of Tinnitus at a Low Dose of Sertraline: Clinical Course and Proposed Mechanisms
Authors: Miller Christopher W. T.
Published: September 2016

Introduction. Serotonin is involved in filtering of auditory stimuli. Cochlear input is processed through complex interactions between serotonergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems. Options for treatment of tinnitus include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); however in rare instances this symptom may occur as a side effect of this class of medications.Case Presentation. A 50-year-old woman developed bilateral tinnitus after several weeks of being treated with sertraline 50 mg. She had been on a long-standing daily dose of aspirin 325 mg which had been discontinued shortly before starting sertraline. Medical work-up was negative for her symptom. Shortly after discontinuation of the medication, her tinnitus subsided completely.Discussion. Tinnitus is a rare side effect of sertraline and may be related to particular distribution of serotonin receptor subtypes within the auditory system, and serotonergic agents may reinforce or desensitize the activity of different receptors. Also, there may be a priming effect of salicylate agents on the auditory system, predisposing particular patients to be more sensitive to how auditory stimuli are processed.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Kinase and Screening Potential Anticancer Drugs in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Huairong , Gao Bo , Shi Bingyin
Published: September 2016

Aim. We aim to identify protein kinases involved in the pathophysiology of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in order to provide potential therapeutic targets for kinase inhibitors and unfold possible molecular mechanisms.Materials and Methods. The gene expression profile of GSE27155 was analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes and mapped onto human protein kinases database. Correlation of kinases with PTC was addressed by systematic literature search, GO and KEGG pathway analysis.Results. The functional enrichment analysis indicated that “mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway” expression was extremely enriched, followed by “neurotrophin signaling pathway,” “focal adhesion,” and “GnRH signaling pathway.” MAPK, SRC, PDGFRa, ErbB, and EGFR were significantly regulated to correct these pathways. Kinases investigated by the literature on carcinoma were considered to be potential novel molecular therapeutic target in PTC and application of corresponding kinase inhibitors could be possible therapeutic tool.Conclusion. SRC, MAPK, and EGFR were the most important differentially expressed kinases in PTC. Combined inhibitors may have high efficacy in PTC treatment by targeting these kinases.
Experimental Investigation and FE Analysis on Constitutive Relationship of High Strength Aluminum Alloy under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Wang Yuanqing , Wang Zhongxing
Published: September 2016

Experiments of 17 high strength aluminum alloy (7A04) specimens were conducted to investigate the constitutive relationship under cyclic loading. The monotonic behavior and hysteretic behavior were focused on and the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the microfailure modes. Based on Ramberg-Osgood model, stress-strain skeleton curves under cyclic loading were fitted. Parameters of combined hardening model including isotropic hardening and kinematic hardening were calibrated from test data according to Chaboche model. The cyclic tests were simulated in finite element software ABAQUS. The test results show that 7A04 aluminum alloy has obvious nonlinearity and ultra-high strength which is over 600 MPa, however, with relatively poor ductility. In the cyclic loading tests, 7A04 aluminum alloy showed cyclic hardening behavior and when the compressive strain was larger than 1%, the stiffness degradation and strength degradation occurred. The simulated curves derived by FE model fitted well with experimental curves which indicates that the parameters of this combined model can be used in accurate calculation of 7A04 high strength aluminum structures under cyclic loading.
Cloning, Sequencing, and the Expression of the Elusive Sarcomeric TPM4αIsoform in Humans
Authors: Dube Dipak K. , Dube Syamalima , Abbott Lynn , Alshiekh-Nasany Ruham , Mitschow Charles , Poiesz Bernard J.
Published: September 2016

In mammals, tropomyosin is encoded by four known TPM genes (TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4) each of which can generate a number of TPM isoforms via alternative splicing and/or using alternate promoters. In humans, the sarcomeric isoform(s) of each of the TPM genes, except for the TPM4, have been known for a long time. Recently, on the basis of computational analyses of the human genome sequence, the predicted sequence of TPM4αhas been posted in GenBank. We designed primer-pairs for RT-PCR and showed the expression of the transcripts of TPM4αand a novel isoform TPM4δin human heart and skeletal muscle. qRT-PCR shows that the relative expression of TPM4αand TPM4δis higher in human cardiac muscle. Western blot analyses using CH1 monoclonal antibodies show the absence of the expression of TPM4δprotein (~28 kDa) in human heart muscle. 2D western blot analyses with the same antibody show the expression of at least nine distinct tropomyosin molecules with a mass ~32 kD and above in adult heart. By Mass spectrometry, we determined the amino acid sequences of the extracted proteins from these spots. Spot “G” reveals the putative expression of TPM4αalong with TPM1αprotein in human adult heart.
Hydrological Response of East China to the Variation of East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Li Fuxing , Chen Dong , Tang Qiuhong , Li Wenhong , Zhang Xuejun
Published: September 2016

The sensitivity of hydrologic variables in East China, that is, runoff, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture to the fluctuation of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), is evaluated by the Mann-Kendall correlation analysis on a spatial resolution of 1/4° in the period of 1952–2012. The results indicate remarkable spatial disparities in the correlation between the hydrologic variables and EASM. The regions in East China susceptible to hydrological change due to EASM fluctuation are identified. When the standardized anomaly of intensity index of EASM (EASMI) is above 1.00, the runoff of Haihe basin has increased by 49% on average, especially in the suburb of Beijing and Hebei province where the runoff has increased up to 105%. In contrast, the runoff in the basins of Haihe and Yellow River has decreased by about 27% and 17%, respectively, when the standardized anomaly of EASMI is below −1.00, which has brought severe drought to the areas since mid-1970s. The study can be beneficial for national or watershed agencies developing adaptive water management strategies in the face of global climate change.
Discussion of a Coupled Strength Attenuation Model for GFRP Composites in Hydrothermal Environments
Authors: Chen Wei , Yang Yongxin , Li Biao
Published: September 2016

The existing attenuation models for the durability of FRP (fiber-reinforced polymer) composites in hydrothermal environments were compared, and a new coupled strength attenuation model with a temperature parameter was proposed in this paper. A series of durability experiments on GFRP sheets in hydrothermal environments were conducted to validate the accuracy and rationality of the new model. A comparison between experimental data and the calculation results of the coupled model indicated that the new model can fit better with the experimental data and effectively reflect the convergence phenomenon in the strength attenuation of GFRP in hydrothermal environments. With a temperature parameter included, the new model can better predict the service life of GFRP composites at different aging temperatures. According to the coupled attenuation model proposed in this paper, a concept and calculation method of the slow-aging time point are put forward, which can be convenient for the evaluation and design of GFRP structures with long-term durability.
A Nonmonotone Gradient Algorithm for Total Variation Image Denoising Problems
Authors: Wang Peng , Yuan Shifang , Xie Xiangyun , Xiong Shengwu
Published: September 2016

The total variation (TV) model has been studied extensively because it is able to preserve sharp attributes and capture some sparsely critical information in images. However, TV denoising problem is usually ill-conditioned that the classical monotone projected gradient method cannot solve the problem efficiently. Therefore, a new strategy based on nonmonotone approach is digged out as accelerated spectral project gradient (ASPG) for solving TV. Furthermore, traditional TV is handled by vectorizing, which makes the scheme far more complicated for designing algorithms. In order to simplify the computing process, a new technique is developed in view of matrix rather than traditional vector. Numerical results proved that our ASPG algorithm is better than some state-of-the-art algorithms in both accuracy and convergence speed.
Shannon Entropy andK-Means Method for Automatic Diagnosis of Broken Rotor Bars in Induction Motors Using Vibration Signals
Authors: Camarena-Martinez David , Valtierra-Rodriguez Martin , Amezquita-Sanchez Juan P. , Granados-Lieberman David , Romero-Troncoso Rene J. , Garcia-Perez Arturo
Published: September 2016

For industry, the induction motors are essential elements in production chains. Despite the robustness of induction motors, they are susceptible to failures. The broken rotor bar (BRB) fault in induction motors has received special attention since one of its characteristics is that the motor can continue operating with apparent normality; however, at certain point the fault may cause severe damage to the motor. In this work, a methodology to detect BRBs using vibration signals is proposed. The methodology uses the Shannon entropy to quantify the amount of information provided by the vibration signals, which changes due to the presence of new frequency components associated with the fault. For automatic diagnosis, theK-means cluster algorithm and a decision-making unit that looks for the nearest cluster through the Euclidian distance are applied. Unlike other reported works, the proposal can diagnose the BRB condition during startup transient and steady state regimes of operation. Additionally, the proposal is also implemented into a field programmable gate array in order to offer a low-cost and low-complex online monitoring system. The obtained results demonstrate the proposal effectiveness to diagnose half, one, and two BRBs.
Sudden Appearance of Indurated Erythematous Plaques on a Man’s Face
Authors: Carter A. , Viswanathan K. , Shulman K.
Published: September 2016

Rosacea fulminans (RF), previously known as pyoderma faciale, is a rare presentation of rosacea mostly seen in young women. RF is seen very rarely in men. We present below a case of a fifty-year-old male who presented with RF and was successfully treated with a combination of corticosteroids and isotretinoin.
Studies on the Genotoxicity Behavior of Silver Nanoparticles in the Presence of Heavy Metal Cadmium Chloride in Mice
Authors: Mohamed Hanan Ramadan Hamad
Published: September 2016

Incredible rapid growth in the nanoparticles applications and development increases the daily human exposure to them but humans are exposed to many other pollutants in addition to nanoparticles that forced us to evaluate the effect of heavy metal cadmium chloride (CdCl2) coinjection on silver nanoparticles induced genotoxic risk in this study. Mice were injected into the abdominal cavity with single dose of Ag nanoparticles (20, 41, and 82 mg/kg) or CdCl2(1.5 mg/kg) either separately or together simultaneously and sacrificed 24 hours later. CdCl2cotreatment enhanced the induced dose-dependent sperm abnormality by Ag nanoparticles different doses as shown by the statistical significant decreases in both sperm concentration and motility and increases in the frequency of abnormal sperms and also potentiated the Ag nanoparticles induced chromosomal and DNA damage indicated by the statistical significant elevations in the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) and DNA damage levels. Moreover, statistical elevations in malondialdehyde level and reductions in catalase activity were observed after CdCl2coinjection with Ag nanoparticles compared with Ag nanoparticles treated groups’ values. Ag nanoparticles induced sperm abnormality, clastogenicity, and genotoxicity were potentiated by heavy metal cadmium coinjection that threatens the human life and increases silver nanoparticles genotoxic risks.
Evaluation of Dynamic Load Factors for a High-Speed Railway Truss Arch Bridge
Authors: Youliang Ding , Gaoxin Wang
Published: September 2016

Studies on dynamic impact of high-speed trains on long-span bridges are important for the design and evaluation of high-speed railway bridges. The use of the dynamic load factor (DLF) to account for the impact effect has been widely accepted in bridge engineering. Although the field monitoring studies are the most dependable way to study the actual DLF of the bridge, according to previous studies there are few field monitoring data on high-speed railway truss arch bridges. This paper presents an evaluation of DLF based on field monitoring and finite element simulation of Nanjing DaShengGuan Bridge, which is a high-speed railway truss arch bridge with the longest span throughout the world. The DLFs in different members of steel truss arch are measured using monitoring data and simulated using finite element model, respectively. The effects of lane position, number of train carriages, and speed of trains on DLF are further investigated. By using the accumulative probability function of the Generalized Extreme Value Distribution, the probability distribution model of DLF is proposed, based on which the standard value of DLF within 50-year return period is evaluated and compared with different bridge design codes.
Facile Synthesis of Electroconductive AZO@TiO2Whiskers and Their Application in Textiles
Authors: Ma Hui , Gao Qiang , Gao Chunxia , Bao Wei , Ge Mingqiao
Published: September 2016

The electroconductive AZO@TiO2whiskers have been successfully preparedviacoating Al doped ZnO onto TiO2whisker. The orthogonal tests were employed to optimize the synthetic conditions. The crystallographic structure and the morphology of the AZO@TiO2whiskers and the polypropylene nonwoven fabrics modified with AZO@TiO2whiskers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, four-probe meter, and electrometer. The results showed the AZO@TiO2whiskers exhibited good electroconductive performance. Moreover, the polypropylene nonwoven fabrics modified with AZO@TiO2whiskers revealed excellent antistatic performance indicating wide application of AZO@TiO2whiskers in the antistatic textiles.
Relatives to Critically Ill Patients Have No Sense of Coherence: A Quality Improvement Article Using Mixed Methods
Authors: Laursen Jannie , Andresen Kristoffer , Rosenberg Jacob
Published: September 2016

Aims and Objective. To investigate the relatives’ satisfaction and involvement on a general surgery ward regarding the critically ill patient.Introduction. Relatives to critically ill patients are affected both physically and mentally during the hospitalization of a family member. Research has shown that relatives do not always receive the attention they need from health professionals. There is a lack of studies that focus on relatives’ satisfaction and involvement during their family members’ hospitalization.Design. A mixed methods design was chosen.Methods. A quantitative study was conducted with 27 relatives to critically ill patients. All participated in a questionnaire and out of the 27 relatives, six participated in qualitative in-depth interviews.Results.The questionnaire revealed that relatives were dissatisfied with care and involvement. For further exploration of the dissatisfaction, a qualitative approach was used and the in-depth interviews revealed three themes: lack of continuity and structure, responsibility of coordination, and relatives feeling left on their own with no guiding and support.Conclusion.Health professionals’ key role in relation to relatives must be guidance and support. Thereby, relatives can gain a sense of coherence during the hospitalization of a critically ill patient, which can lead to a greater satisfaction and thereby better support for the patient.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Meropenem in Neonate with Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Challenge
Authors: De Keukeleire Steven , Borrey Daniëlle , Decaluwe Wim , Reynders Marijke
Published: September 2016

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) continues to be a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. We describe the added value of therapeutic drug monitoring by presenting the case of a preterm infant with severe NEC treated with meropenem. Dosing strategy will achieve adequate patient outcome when treating pathogens with elevated MIC. As safe as meropenem is, there are not enough data for 40 mg/kg, every 8 h infused over 4 h; accordingly, strict monitoring of blood levels is mandatory. Based on our findings, a 4 h prolonged infusion of 40 mg/kg meropenem, every 8 h, will achieve an adequate patient outcome.
Early Intervention of Didang Decoction on MLCK Signaling Pathways in Vascular Endothelial Cells of Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ye Shoujiao , Song Zhenqiang , Li Jing , Li Chunshen , Yang Juhong , Chang Bai
Published: September 2016

In the study, type 2 diabetic rat model was established using streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat diet, and the rats were divided into control and diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were further divided into nonintervening, simvastatin, Didang Decoction (DDD) early-phase intervening, DDD mid-phase intervening, and DDD late-phase intervening groups. The expression level of MLCK was detected using Western Blot analysis, and the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase C (PKC), and protein kinase A (PKA) were examined using Real Time PCR. Under the electron microscope, the cells in the early-DDD-intervention group and the simvastatin group were significantly more continuous and compact than those in the diabetic group. Compared with the control group, the expression of cAMP-1 and PKA was decreased in all diabetic groups, whereas the expression of MLCK and PKC was increased in early- and mid-phase DDD-intervening groups (P<0.05); compared with the late-phase DDD-intervening group, the expression of cAMP-1 and PKA was higher, but the level of MLCK and PKC was lower in early-phase DDD-intervening group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the early use of DDD improves the permeability of vascular endothelial cells by regulating the MLCK signaling pathway.
Chronic Invasive Nongranulomatous Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Immunocompetent Individuals
Authors: Turhan Ozge , Bostanci Asli , Ozbudak Irem Hicran , Turhan Murat
Published: September 2016

Chronic invasive nongranulomatous fungal rhinosinusitis is a well-described but uncommon type of fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). While the prevalence of chronic FRS is 0.11% in healthy individuals, only 1.3% of them are in nongranulomatous invasive nature. The majority of the cases in the literature have been reported from developing countries mostly located in the tropical regions, as typically occurring in the background of diabetes mellitus or corticosteroid treatment. The current paper reports four consecutive cases, who were diagnosed within a short period of six months at a single center of a country located outside the tropical climate zone. None of the patients had a comorbid disease that may cause immune suppression or a history of drug use. The only risk factor that may have a role in development of chronic invasive nongranulomatous FRS was that all of our patients were people working in greenhouse farming. Three cases underwent endoscopic sinus surgery, and one case underwent surgery with both endoscopic and external approaches. Systemic antifungal therapy was initiated in all cases in the postoperative period with voriconazole 200 mg orally twice a day. All patients achieved a complete clinical remission. Chronic invasive nongranulomatous FRS should be kept in mind in the presence of long-standing nonspecific sinonasal symptoms in immunocompetent individuals, particularly with a history of working in greenhouse farming.
Role of Gut Microbiota in the Aetiology of Obesity: Proposed Mechanisms and Review of the Literature
Authors: Khan Muhammad Jaffar , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Edwards Christine Ann , Shaikh M. Guftar
Published: September 2016

The aetiology of obesity has been attributed to several factors (environmental, dietary, lifestyle, host, and genetic factors); however none of these fully explain the increase in the prevalence of obesity worldwide. Gut microbiota located at the interface of host and environment in the gut are a new area of research being explored to explain the excess accumulation of energy in obese individuals and may be a potential target for therapeutic manipulation to reduce host energy storage. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the role of gut microbiota in the aetiology of obesity such as short chain fatty acid production, stimulation of hormones, chronic low-grade inflammation, lipoprotein and bile acid metabolism, and increased endocannabinoid receptor system tone. However, evidence from animal and human studies clearly indicates controversies in determining the cause or effect relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity. Metagenomics based studies indicate that functionality rather than the composition of gut microbiota may be important. Further mechanistic studies controlling for environmental and epigenetic factors are therefore required to help unravel obesity pathogenesis.
Cholesterol Retards Senescence in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating Autophagy and ROS/p53/p21Cip1/Waf1 Pathway
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Du Yue , Lu Renzhong , Shu You , Zhao Wei , Li Zhuoyun , Zhang Yu , Liu Ruixue , Yang Ti , Luo Shenjian , Gao Ming , Zhang Yue , Zhang Guiye , Liu Jiaqi , Lu Yanjie
Published: September 2016

In the present study, we demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) of the 3rd passage displayed the senescence‐associated phenotypes characterized with increased activity of SA‐β‐gal, altered autophagy, and increased G1 cell cycle arrest, ROS production, and expression of p53 and p21Cip1/Waf1 compared with BMSCs of the 1st passage. Cholesterol (CH) reduced the number of SA‐β‐gal positive cells in a dose‐dependent manner in aging BMSCs induced by H2O2 and the 3rd passage BMSCs. Moreover, CH inhibited the production of ROS and expression of p53 and p21Cip1/Waf1 in both cellular senescence models and decreased the percentage of BMSCs in G1 cell cycle in the 3rd passage BMSCs. CH prevented the increase in SA‐β‐gal positive cells induced by RITA (reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis, a p53 activator) or 3‐MA (3‐methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor). Our results indicate that CH not only is a structural component of cell membrane but also functionally contributes to regulating cellular senescence by modulating cell cycle, autophagy, and the ROS/p53/p21Cip1/Waf1 signaling pathway.
New Biomedical Technologies and Strategies for Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Mpondo Bonaventura C. T.
Published: September 2016

Sexually transmitted infections remain to be of public health concern in many developing countries. Their control is important, considering the high incidence of acute infections, complications and sequelae, and their socioeconomic impact. This article discusses the new biomedical technologies and strategies for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.
Entrapment of Common Peroneal Nerve by Surgical Suture following Distal Biceps Femoris Tendon Repair
Authors: Fukuda Aki , Nishimura Akinobu , Nakazora Shigeto , Kato Ko , Sudo Akihiro
Published: September 2016

We describe entrapment of the common peroneal nerve by a suture after surgical repair of the distal biceps femoris tendon. Complete rupture of the distal biceps femoris tendon of a 16-year-old male athlete was surgically repaired. Postoperative common peroneal nerve palsy was evident, but conservative treatment did not cause any neurological improvement. Reexploration revealed that the common peroneal nerve was entrapped by the surgical suture. Complete removal of the suture and external neurolysis significantly improved the palsy. The common peroneal nerve is prone to damage as a result of its close proximity to the biceps femoris tendon and it should be identified during surgical repair of a ruptured distal biceps femoris tendon.
Differential Characterization of Two Kinds of Stem Cells Isolated from Rabbit Nucleus Pulposus and Annulus Fibrosus
Authors: Sang Chenglin , Cao Xuecheng , Chen Fangjing , Yang Xuekang , Zhang Yongxian
Published: September 2016

Objective. Nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) are two main components of intervertebral disc (IVD). We aimed to figure out whether NP and AF also contain stem cells and whether these stem cells share common properties with chondrocytes and/or fibroblasts in their phenotypes or whether they are completely different types of cells with different characteristics. Design. The disk cells were isolated from AF and NP tissues of the same lumbar spine of the rabbits. The properties of these disk cells were characterized by their morphology, population doubling time (PDT), stem cell marker expression, and multidifferentiation potential using tissue culture techniques, immunocytochemistry, and RT‐PCR. Results. Both disk cells formed colonies in culture and expressed stem cell markers, nucleostemin, Oct‐4, SSEA‐4, and Stro‐1, at early passages. However, after 5 passages, AFSCs became elongated and NPSCs appeared senescent. Conclusion. This study indicated that IVD contains stem cells and the characteristics of AFSCs and NPSCs are intrinsically different. The findings of this study may provide basic scientific data for understanding the properties of IVD cells and the mechanisms of lower back pain.
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract ofGarcinia mangostanaFruit Peels
Authors: Xin Lee Kar , Shameli Kamyar , Miyake Mikio , Kuwano Noriyuki , Bt Ahmad Khairudin Nurul Bahiyah , Bt Mohamad Shaza Eva , Yew Yen Pin
Published: September 2016

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) is performed by the reduction of aqueous gold metal ions in contact with the aqueous peel extract of plant,Garcinia mangostana(G. mangostana). An absorption peak of the gold nanoparticles is observed at the range of 540–550 nm using UV-visible spectroscopy. All the diffraction peaks at 2θ= 38.48°, 44.85°, 66.05°, and 78.00° that index to (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes confirm the successful synthesis of Au-NPs. Mostly spherical shape particles with size range of 32.96 ± 5.25 nm are measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the FTIR results, the peaks obtained are closely related to phenols, flavonoids, benzophenones, and anthocyanins which suggest that they may act as the reducing agent. This method is environmentally safe without the usage of synthetic materials which is highly potential in biomedical applications.
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in HIV Patients with Ruptured Abdominal Aneurysm and Low CD4
Authors: Orrapin Saranat , Orrapin Saritphat , Arworn Supapong , Reanpang Termpong , Rerkasem Kittipan
Published: September 2016

We report two HIV infected patients with ruptured abdominal aneurysm by using endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) technique. A 59-year-old Thai man had a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and a 57-year-old man had a ruptured iliac artery aneurysm. Both patients had a CD4 level below 200 μ/L indicating a low immune status at admission. They were treated by EVAR. Neither patient had any complications in 3 months postoperatively. EVAR may have a role in HIV patients with ruptured abdominal aneurysm together with very low immunity.
Styloid Process of the Temporal Bone: Morphometric Analysis and Clinical Implications
Authors: Custodio Antonio Luis Neto , Silva Micena Roberta Miranda Alves e , Abreu Mauro Henrique , Araújo Lucas Rodarte Abreu , Oliveira Leandro Junqueira de
Published: September 2016

Objective. To evaluate measures of the styloid process (SP) in Brazilian dry skulls.Methods.This study involves measurements of two points (lateral end posterior views) of 15 dry skulls held by the Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences of Federal University of Minas Gerais.Results.There was a large variability for the length of left and right sides (in lateral and posterior views) of the styloid process. From the lateral view of the left and right styloid, the length of the SP ranged, respectively, from 10.22 mm to 69.73 mm and from 8.30 mm to 63.77 mm. From a posterior view of the left and right sides of the skulls, the values range, respectively, from 15.57 mm to 69.51 mm and from 15.64 mm to 69.44 mm.Conclusion.We believe that this study provides additional information about the frequency of elongated SP among the Brazilian population.
Synthesis of Potato Starch-Acrylic-Acid Hydrogels by Gamma Radiation and Their Application in Dye Adsorption
Authors: Bhuyan Md. Murshed , Chandra Dafader Nirmal , Hara Kazuhiro , Okabe Hirotaka , Hidaka Yoshiki , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Mizanur Rahman Khan Mohammad , Rahman Nazia
Published: September 2016

Several kinds of acrylic-acid-grafted-starch (starch/AAc) hydrogels were prepared at room temperature (27°C) by applying 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kGy of gamma radiation to 15% AAc aqueous solutions containing 5, 7.5, and 15% of starch. With increment of the radiation dose, gel fraction became higher and attained the maximum (96.5%) at 15 kGy, above which the fraction got lowered. On the other hand, the gel fraction monotonically increased with the starch content. Swelling ratios were lower for the starch/AAc hydrogels prepared with higher gamma-ray doses and so with larger starch contents. Significant promotions of the swelling ratios were demonstrated by hydrolysis with NaOH:13632±10%for 15 kGy radiation-dosed [5% starch/15% AAc] hydrogel, while the maximum swelling ratio was ~200% for those without the treatment. The authors further investigated the availability of the starch/AAc hydrogel as an adsorbent recovering dye waste from the industrial effluents by adopting methylene blue as a model material; the hydrogels showed high dye-capturing coefficients which increase with the starch ratio. The optimum dye adsorption was found to be 576 mg per g of the hydrogel having 7.5 starch and 15% AAc composition. Two kinetic models, (i) pseudo-first-order and (ii) pseudo-second-order kinetic models, were applied to test the experimental data. The latter provided the best correlation of the experimental data compared to the pseudo-first-order model.
Lurbinectedin Specifically Triggers the Degradation of Phosphorylated RNA Polymerase II and the Formation of DNA Breaks in Cancer Cells
Authors: Santamaría Nuñez Gema , Robles Carlos Mario Genes , Giraudon Christophe , Martínez-Leal Juan Fernando , Compe Emmanuel , Coin Frédéric , Aviles Pablo , Galmarini Carlos María , Egly Jean-Marc
Published: September 2016

We have defined the mechanism of action of lurbinectedin, a marine-derived drug exhibiting a potent antitumor activity across several cancer cell lines and tumor xenografts. This drug, currently undergoing clinical evaluation in ovarian, breast, and small cell lung cancer patients, inhibits the transcription process through (i) its binding to CG-rich sequences, mainly located around promoters of protein-coding genes; (ii) the irreversible stalling of elongating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) on the DNA template and its specific degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome machinery; and (iii) the generation of DNA breaks and subsequent apoptosis. The finding that inhibition of Pol II phosphorylation prevents its degradation and the formation of DNA breaks after drug treatment underscores the connection between transcription elongation and DNA repair. Our results not only help to better understand the high specificity of this drug in cancer therapy but also improve our understanding of an important transcription regulation mechanism. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2399–412. ©2016 AACR.
Retrospective Multicenter Study on Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections after Appendectomy for Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Giesen Louis J.X. , van den Boom Anne Loes , van Rossem Charles C. , den Hoed P.T. , Wijnhoven Bas P.L.
Published: September 2016

Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are seen in up to 5% of patients after appendectomy for acute appendicitis. SSI are associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased costs. The aim of this multicenter study was to identify factors associated with SSI after appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Methods: Patients who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis between June 2014 and January 2015 in 6 teaching hospitals in the southwest of the Netherlands were included. Patient, diagnostic, intra-operative and disease-related factors were collected from the patients' charts. Primary outcome was surgical site infection. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for SSI. Results: Some 637 patients were included. Forty-two patients developed a SSI. In univariable analysis body temperature >38°C, CRP>65 and complex appendicitis were associated with SSI. After multivariable logistic regression with stepwise backwards elimination, complex appendicitis was significantly associated with SSI (OR 4.09; 95% CI 2.04-8.20). Appendiceal stump closure with a stapler device was inversely correlated with SSI (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.24-0.97) Conclusions: Complex appendicitis is a risk factor for SSI and warrants close monitoring postoperatively. The use of a stapler device for appendiceal stump closure is associated with a reduced risk of SSI.
Ropivacaine, Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Plasma Levels during Intermittent Epidural and Continuous Wound Infusion of Ropivacaine for Analgesia after Hysterectomy or Myomectomy: An Observational Study
Authors: Markantonis Sophia L. , Melemeni Aikaterini , Markidou Marina , Haikali Stefania Irene , Karalis Vangelis , Fassoulaki Argyro
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: The concentration-time profile of the long-acting local anesthetic ropivacaine after epidural (EP) administration at fixed time intervals or continuous subcutaneous (SC) infusion has not been fully evaluated. The objective of this work was to determine total plasma concentrations of ropivacaine and changes in cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels during EP and SC. Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 18 patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy or myomectomy were randomly selected to receive ropivacaine either every 6 h via an EP catheter or by continuous wound infusion along the skin incision, after a bolus dose, for 48 h. Total plasma ropivacaine concentrations were measured before the bolus and 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 50 h after the bolus using high-performance liquid chromatography-UV and IL-6 and TNF-α levels were measured at 0, 8 and 24 h with ELISA and analyzed statistically. Results: During EP, mean ± SD ropivacaine concentrations were relatively stable up to 50 h postoperatively, that is, 239 ± 89 ng/ml, while during SC, initial concentrations between 2 and 8 h were comparatively lower (101.5 ± 42.9 ng/ml) than 24-50 h concentrations (437.1 ± 206 ng/ml). An increase in IL-6 levels was noted between 0 and 24 h during EP and SC, but TNF-α levels increased slightly, between 0 and 24 h, only during EP. Conclusion: Ropivacaine plasma concentrations with both EP and SC were found to be safe throughout the administration time interval. IL-6 levels increased during the same time interval, while TNF levels varied only slightly.
MRI Conditionality in Patients with Spinal Cord Stimulation Devices
Authors: Rubino Sebastian , Adepoju Adedamola , Kumar Vignessh , Prusik Julia , Murphy Nathaniel , Owusu-Sarpong Stephane , Pilitsis Julie G.
Published: September 2016

Background: Because of the commonality of diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MRI conditional technology has increased throughout the device industry. It is often difficult to be aware of MRI specifications for each device. Objectives: We provide a review of the clinical experience with MRI and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) devices and develop a general reference of current device/MRI specifications. Methods: We reviewed the available literature on the clinical experience with SCS devices and examined its specifications. Results: We developed a user-friendly table of the specific compatibility of SCS devices in the USA and the European Union, and examined the existing literature on the clinical experience with MRI and SCS devices. We share our experience with obtaining spine MRI with MRI conditional SCS leads. Conclusion: By describing SCS device specifications and reviewing the literature, we provide a guide to implanting and treating physicians on obtaining MRIs in patients who have SCS devices.
The Relation of Obesity to Performance in Verbal Abilities, Processing Speed, and Cognitive Flexibility in Old Age: The Role of Cognitive Reserve
Authors: Ihle Andreas , Mons Ute , Perna Laura , Oris Michel , Fagot Delphine , Gabriel Rainer , Kliegel Matthias
Published: September 2016

Aims: The present study set out to investigate the relation of obesity to performance in verbal abilities, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility and its interplay with key correlates of cognitive reserve in a large sample of older adults. Methods: A total of 2,812 older adults served as a sample for the present study. Psychometric tests on verbal abilities, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility were administered. In addition, individuals were interviewed on their weight and height (to calculate body mass index; BMI), educational attainment, occupation, and engaging in different activities throughout adulthood. Results: Obesity (BMI ≥30) was significantly associated with a lower performance in verbal abilities, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility. Moderation analyses showed that obesity was related to lower processing speed and cognitive flexibility only in individuals with low engagement in activities and low education. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that obesity was not related to any of the three investigated cognitive performance measures when cognitive reserve in early and midlife was taken into account. Conclusion: Present data suggest that cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course may reduce the detrimental influences of obesity on cognitive functioning in old age.
Changing Paradigms in Down Syndrome: The First International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society
Authors: Delabar Jean-Maurice , Allinquant Bernadette , Bianchi Diana , Blumenthal Tom , Dekker Alain , Edgin Jamie , O'Bryan John , Dierssen Mara , Potier Marie-Claude , Wiseman Frances , Guedj Faycal , Créau Nicole , Reeves Roger , Gardiner Katheleen , Busciglio Jorge
Published: September 2016

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID) in humans with an incidence of ∼1:1,000 live births worldwide. It is caused by the presence of an extra copy of all or a segment of the long arm of human chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). People with DS present with a constellation of phenotypic alterations involving most organs and organ systems. ID is present in all people with DS, albeit with variable severity. DS is also the most frequent genetic cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and ∼50% of those with DS will develop AD-related dementia. In the last few years, significant progress has been made in understanding the crucial genotype-phenotype relationships in DS, in identifying the alterations in molecular pathways leading to the various clinical conditions present in DS, and in preclinical evaluations of potential therapies to improve the overall health and well-being of individuals with DS. In June 2015, 230 scientists, advocates, patients, and family members met in Paris for the 1st International Conference of the Trisomy 21 Research Society. Here, we report some of the most relevant presentations that took place during the meeting.
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Predicts the Development of Renal Dysfunction in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Polovina Marija , Petrović Ivana , Brković Voin , Ašanin Milika , Marinković Jelena , Ostojić Miodrag
Published: September 2016

Background/Aim: To investigate the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: We compared OS burden, determined at study inclusion as plasma concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), between stable AF patients (n = 256, mean age: 62.8 ± 9.3 years; 60.9% males) with preserved renal function, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, and a matched control group in sinus rhythm (n = 138, mean age: 61.5 ± 11.2 years; 60.9% males). During the prospective follow-up of AF patients, we investigated the association and prognostic validity of oxLDL for CKD development, diagnosed as a sustained decline in eGFR to <60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Results: AF patients had a higher mean oxLDL (76.2 ± 21.7 U/l) compared to sinus rhythm controls (61.6 ± 13.1 U/l; p < 0.001). AF presence independently predicted increased oxLDL levels in the study cohort [β = 14.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 10.7-18.7; p < 0.001]. Over a median 4-year follow-up, 19.9% of AF patients developed CKD. Adjusting for all clinical covariates, oxLDL (per tertile) was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.17 for CKD occurrence (95% CI, 1.40-3.35; p < 0.001). AF patients in the upper oxLDL tertile (≥88.7 U/l) had a 3.70-fold (95% CI, 1.55-8.81) higher risk for CKD compared to the lower oxLDL tertile (<67.0 U/l) patients (p < 0.001). oxLDL improved discriminative validity (c-statistic increment: 0.041, 95% CI, 0.007-0.075, p = 0.017), and increased the net reclassification and integrated discrimination for CKD risk by 12.4 and 6.0%, respectively (both p < 0.001). Conclusions: oxLDL is increased in AF patients compared to sinus rhythm controls. oxLDL has an independent association and an incremental predictive value that might complement clinical CKD risk assessment in AF patients following further research.
Percepção dos usuários de substâncias psicoativas sobre a redução de danos
Authors: Santos Josenaide Engracia dos , Costa Ana Carolina Oliveira
Published: September 2016

INTRODUÇÃO: A redução de danos (RD) minimiza riscos e anomalias provocadas ou secundárias pelo uso de drogas sem que ocorra necessariamente a redução do consumo. OBJETIVO: Compreender a RD a partir do olhar do usuário de substâncias psicoativas. METODOLOGIA: Estudo qualitativo tendo como eixo teórico metodológico o construcionismo social. Instrumento: entrevista semiestruturada. Sujeitos da pesquisa: Usuários de substâncias psicoativas em situação de rua. RESULTADOS: Relatos que explicitam o redutor de danos como operador de novidade, a prevenção à saúde, a problematização e oposição com relação a ações da RD. CONCLUSÃO: A visão dos usuários é um elemento que pode proporcionar processos de desalienação subjetiva e coletiva, frente à dureza dos métodos de normatização implícito nas ações com usuários de drogas.