bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Hydrologic Validation of Three Satellite-Based Precipitation Products in the Upper Catchment of the Red River Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Yueyuan , Li Yungang , Ji Xuan , Luo Xian , Li Xue
Published: November 2018

Satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) provide alternative precipitation estimates that are especially useful for sparsely gauged and ungauged basins. However, high climate variability and extreme topography pose a challenge. In such regions, rigorous validation is necessary when using SPPs for hydrological applications. We evaluated the accuracy of three recent SPPs over the upper catchment of the Red River Basin, which is a mountain gorge region of southwest China that experiences a subtropical monsoon climate. The SPPs included the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 V7 product, the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Morphing Algorithm (CMORPH), the Bias-corrected product (CMORPH_CRT), and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) Climate Data Record (PERSIANN_CDR) products. SPPs were compared with gauge rainfall from 1998 to 2010 at multiple temporal (daily, monthly) and spatial scales (grid, basin). The TRMM 3B42 product showed the best consistency with gauge observations, followed by CMORPH_CRT, and then PERSIANN_CDR. All three SPPs performed poorly when detecting the frequency of non-rain and light rain events (<1 mm); furthermore, they tended to overestimate moderate rainfall (1–25 mm) and underestimate heavy and hard rainfall (>25 mm). GR (Génie Rural) hydrological models were used to evaluate the utility of the three SPPs for daily and monthly streamflow simulation. Under Scenario I (gauge-calibrated parameters), CMORPH_CRT presented the best consistency with observed daily (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, or NSE = 0.73) and monthly (NSE = 0.82) streamflow. Under Scenario II (individual-calibrated parameters), SPP-driven simulations yielded satisfactory performances (NSE >0.63 for daily, NSE >0.79 for monthly); among them, TRMM 3B42 and CMORPH_CRT performed better than PERSIANN_CDR. SPP-forced simulations underestimated high flow (18.1–28.0%) and overestimated low flow (18.9–49.4%). TRMM 3B42 and CMORPH_CRT show potential for use in hydrological applications over poorly gauged and inaccessible transboundary river basins of Southwest China, particularly for monthly time intervals suitable for water resource management.
Less Data Same Information for Event-Based Sensors: A Bioinspired Filtering and Data Reduction Algorithm
Authors: Barrios-Avilés Juan , Rosado-Muñoz Alfredo , Medus Leandro D. , Bataller-Mompeán Manuel , Guerrero-Martínez Juan F.
Published: November 2018

Sensors provide data which need to be processed after acquisition to remove noise and extract relevant information. When the sensor is a network node and acquired data are to be transmitted to other nodes (e.g., through Ethernet), the amount of generated data from multiple nodes can overload the communication channel. The reduction of generated data implies the possibility of lower hardware requirements and less power consumption for the hardware devices. This work proposes a filtering algorithm (LDSI—Less Data Same Information) which reduces the generated data from event-based sensors without loss of relevant information. It is a bioinspired filter, i.e., event data are processed using a structure resembling biological neuronal information processing. The filter is fully configurable, from a “transparent mode” to a very restrictive mode. Based on an analysis of configuration parameters, three main configurations are given: weak, medium and restrictive. Using data from a DVS event camera, results for a similarity detection algorithm show that event data can be reduced up to 30% while maintaining the same similarity index when compared to unfiltered data. Data reduction can reach 85% with a penalty of 15% in similarity index compared to the original data. An object tracking algorithm was also used to compare results of the proposed filter with other existing filter. The LDSI filter provides less error (4.86 ± 1.87) when compared to the background activity filter (5.01 ± 1.93). The algorithm was tested under a PC using pre-recorded datasets, and its FPGA implementation was also carried out. A Xilinx Virtex6 FPGA received data from a 128 × 128 DVS camera, applied the LDSI algorithm, created a AER dataflow and sent the data to the PC for data analysis and visualization. The FPGA could run at 177 MHz clock speed with a low resource usage (671 LUT and 40 Block RAM for the whole system), showing real time operation capabilities and very low resource usage. The results show that, using an adequate filter parameter tuning, the relevant information from the scene is kept while fewer events are generated (i.e., fewer generated data).
BiPred: A Bilevel Evolutionary Algorithm for Prediction in Smart Mobility
Authors: Toutouh Jamal , Arellano Javier , Alba Enrique
Published: November 2018

This article develops the design, installation, exploitation, and final utilization of intelligent techniques, hardware, and software for understanding mobility in a modern city. We focus on a smart-campus initiative in the University of Malaga as the scenario for building this cyber–physical system at a low cost, and then present the details of a new proposed evolutionary algorithm used for better training machine-learning techniques: BiPred. We model and solve the task of reducing the size of the dataset used for learning about campus mobility. Our conclusions show an important reduction of the required data to learn mobility patterns by more than 90%, while improving (at the same time) the precision of the predictions of theapplied machine-learning method (up to 15%). All this was done along with the construction of a real system in a city, which hopefully resulted in a very comprehensive work in smart cities using sensors.
Development of Dispersion-Optimized Photonic Crystal Fibers Based on Heavy Metal Oxide Glasses for Broadband Infrared Supercontinuum Generation with Fiber Lasers
Authors: Stępniewski Grzegorz , Pniewski Jacek , Pysz Dariusz , Cimek Jarosław , Stępień Ryszard , Klimczak Mariusz , Buczyński Ryszard
Published: November 2018

In this work a photonic crystal fiber made of a heavy metal oxide glass with optimized dispersion profile is proposed for supercontinuum generation in a broad range of wavelengths in the near-infrared, when pumped by a mode-locked fiber-based laser. The fiber is modelled and optimal geometrical parameters are selected to achieve flat and low dispersion in the anomalous regime. Supercontinuum generation in the range of 0.76–2.40 µm, within the dynamics of 30 dB, when pumped at 1.56 µm with 400 fs–long pulses and an average power 660 mW is possible. The applicability of such fibers is also discussed.
Quasi-Distributed Active-Mode-Locking Laser Interrogation with Multiple Partially Reflecting Segment Sensors
Authors: Park Chang Hyun , Kim Gyeong Hun , Hong Suck Won , Lee Hwi Don , Kim Chang-Seok
Published: November 2018

A new type of quasi-distributed sensor system is implemented using an active mode locking (AML) laser cavity with multiple partially reflecting segments. The mode locking frequency of the AML laser is linearly proportional to the overall lasing cavity length. To implement multiple resonators having multiple reflection points installed in a sensing fiber, two types of partial reflectors (PRs) are implemented for an in-line configuration, one with fiber Bragg grating and the other with a fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer. Since the laser has oscillated only when the modulation frequencies for the mode locking frequency match with the corresponding resonator lengths, it is possible to read the multiple partially reflecting segments along the sensing fiber. The difference between two corresponding mode locking frequencies is changing proportionally with the segment length variation between two PRs upon strain application. The segment length change caused by the applied strain can be successfully measured with a linear sensitivity between mode locking frequency and displacement, linearity over 0.99, and spatial position resolution below meter order.
A Parallel Architecture for the Partitioning around Medoids (PAM) Algorithm for Scalable Multi-Core Processor Implementation with Applications in Healthcare
Authors: Mushtaq Hassan , Khawaja Sajid Gul , Akram Muhammad Usman , Yasin Amanullah , Muzammal Muhammad , Khalid Shehzad , Khan Shoab Ahmad
Published: November 2018

Clustering is the most common method for organizing unlabeled data into its natural groups (called clusters), based on similarity (in some sense or another) among data objects. The Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) algorithm belongs to the partitioning-based methods of clustering widely used for objects categorization, image analysis, bioinformatics and data compression, but due to its high time complexity, the PAM algorithm cannot be used with large datasets or in any embedded or real-time application. In this work, we propose a simple and scalable parallel architecture for the PAM algorithm to reduce its running time. This architecture can easily be implemented either on a multi-core processor system to deal with big data or on a reconfigurable hardware platform, such as FPGA and MPSoCs, which makes it suitable for real-time clustering applications. Our proposed model partitions data equally among multiple processing cores. Each core executes the same sequence of tasks simultaneously on its respective data subset and shares intermediate results with other cores to produce results. Experiments show that the computational complexity of the PAM algorithm is reduced exponentially as we increase the number of cores working in parallel. It is also observed that the speedup graph of our proposed model becomes more linear with the increase in number of data points and as the clusters become more uniform. The results also demonstrate that the proposed architecture produces the same results as the actual PAM algorithm, but with reduced computational complexity.
Model Updating for Nam O Bridge Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Tran-Ngoc H. , Khatir S. , De Roeck G. , Bui-Tien T. , Nguyen-Ngoc L. , Abdel Wahab M.
Published: November 2018

Vibration-based structural health monitoring (SHM) for long-span bridges has become a dominant research topic in recent years. The Nam O Railway Bridge is a large-scale steel truss bridge located on the unique main rail track from the north to the south of Vietnam. An extensive vibration measurement campaign and model updating are extremely necessary to build a reliable model for health condition assessment and operational safety management of the bridge. The experimental measurements are carried out under ambient vibrations using piezoelectric sensors, and a finite element (FE) model is created in MATLAB to represent the physical behavior of the structure. By model updating, the discrepancies between the experimental and the numerical results are minimized. For the success of the model updating, the efficiency of the optimization algorithm is essential. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA) are employed to update the unknown model parameters. The result shows that PSO not only provides a better accuracy between the numerical model and measurements, but also reduces the computational cost compared to GA. This study focuses on the stiffness conditions of typical joints of truss structures. According to the results, the assumption of semi-rigid joints (using rotational springs) can most accurately represent the dynamic characteristics of the truss bridge considered.
Classification of Human Daily Activities Using Ensemble Methods Based on Smartphone Inertial Sensors
Authors: Ku Abd. Rahim Ku Nurhanim , Elamvazuthi I. , Izhar Lila Iznita , Capi Genci
Published: November 2018

Increasing interest in analyzing human gait using various wearable sensors, which is known as Human Activity Recognition (HAR), can be found in recent research. Sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes are widely used in HAR. Recently, high interest has been shown in the use of wearable sensors in numerous applications such as rehabilitation, computer games, animation, filmmaking, and biomechanics. In this paper, classification of human daily activities using Ensemble Methods based on data acquired from smartphone inertial sensors involving about 30 subjects with six different activities is discussed. The six daily activities are walking, walking upstairs, walking downstairs, sitting, standing and lying. It involved three stages of activity recognition; namely, data signal processing (filtering and segmentation), feature extraction and classification. Five types of ensemble classifiers utilized are Bagging, Adaboost, Rotation forest, Ensembles of nested dichotomies (END) and Random subspace. These ensemble classifiers employed Support vector machine (SVM) and Random forest (RF) as the base learners of the ensemble classifiers. The data classification is evaluated with the holdout and 10-fold cross-validation evaluation methods. The performance of each human daily activity was measured in terms of precision, recall, F-measure, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In addition, the performance is also measured based on the comparison of overall accuracy rate of classification between different ensemble classifiers and base learners. It was observed that overall, SVM produced better accuracy rate with 99.22% compared to RF with 97.91% based on a random subspace ensemble classifier.
Secrecy Capacity of a Class of Erasure Wiretap Channels in WBAN
Authors: Wang Bin , Deng Jun , Sun Yanjing , Guo Wangmei , Feng Guiguo
Published: November 2018

In wireless body area networks (WBANs), the secrecy of personal health information is vulnerable to attacks due to the openness of wireless communication. In this paper, we study the security problem of WBANs, where there exists an attacker or eavesdropper who is able to observe data from part of sensors. The legitimate communication within the WBAN is modeled as a discrete memoryless channel (DMC) by establishing the secrecy capacity of a class of finite state Markov erasure wiretap channels. Meanwhile, the tapping of the eavesdropper is modeled as a finite-state Markov erasure channel (FSMEC). A pair of encoder and decoder are devised to make the eavesdropper have no knowledge of the source message, and enable the receiver to recover the source message with a small decoding error. It is proved that the secrecy capacity can be achieved by migrating the coding scheme for wiretap channel II with the noisy main channel. This method provides a new idea solving the secure problem of the internet of things (IoT).
Moral Imagination, Parasocial Brand Love, and Customer Citizenship Behavior: Travelers’ Relationship with Sponsoring Airline Brands in the United States
Authors: Kim Joonhyeong Joseph , Kim Insin
Published: November 2018

While travelers tend to engage in reflective thinking processes, the relationship between the ability to imagine and the human–brand relations has not been clearly understood. In sustainability and consumer-brand literature, morally imaginative travelers and their relationship with and behavior toward a sponsoring brand have received little attention. In connecting moral imagination with the airline cause sponsorship literature, this study aims to investigate the antecedent of travelers’ parasocial brand love with airlines as sponsors of charitable causes and to identify what motivates customer citizenship behavior. Based on a study sample of 442 travelers who experienced US-based full-service airlines and who were aware of the airlines’ sponsorship of environmental and social charitable causes, the study analyzed the data employing a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique to examine the relationship between moral imagination, parasocial brand love, and customer citizenship behavior. The investigation revealed a positive association between reproductive, productive, and creative imagination and parasocial brand love. Additionally, a positive influence of parasocial brand love on customer citizenship behavior was confirmed. This study highlights that imaginative travelers are good at evaluating the airlines’ sponsorship-related moral situations, further developing parasocial brand love. The results provided important insights into practical, as well as theoretical, arenas.
Is Agricultural Intensification a Growing Health Concern? Perceptions from Waste Management Stakeholders in Vietnam
Authors: Veidt Julia , Lam Steven , Nguyen-Viet Hung , Tuyet-Hanh Tran Thi , Nguyen-Mai Huong , Harper Sherilee L.
Published: November 2018

This article characterizes the health risk perceptions toward excreta and wastewater management practices among waste management stakeholders in Vietnam and explores the implications of such perceptions on hygiene behaviors and preventative actions. Key informant interviews (n = 19; 12 women and 7 men) were conducted with farmers, community leaders, researchers, and government representatives in Hanoi and Ha Nam Province. Interviews were audio-recorded with permission, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparative method and qualitative thematic analysis. Researchers and government representatives perceived that the lack of knowledge of safe waste management practices among farmers was responsible for the use of “outdated” and often “unsafe” waste management practices. However, many farmers were aware of the health risks and safe hygienic practices but felt that safety measures were impractical and viewed susceptibility to diseases as low risk. Farmers also identified unfavorable climate and working conditions, limited financial capacity, and limited farm space as barriers to adopting safe management practices. At the broader level, inadequate communication between ministries often led to the creation of inconsistent waste management regulations. These barriers create constraints on efforts to improve sustainable waste management practices. Promoting collaboration between sectors, encouraging farmer-to-farmer knowledge sharing, and designing and implementing risk communication strategies that account for risk perceptions of stakeholders are recommended.
Craft Your Job and Get Engaged: Sustainable Change-Oriented Behavior at Work
Authors: Baik Soo Jin , Song Hae-Deok , Hong Ah Jeong
Published: November 2018

Employees’ change-oriented behavior is known to be critical in promoting organizational changes for a sustainable organization. However, few studies have explored how this behavior can be potentially promoted by job-crafting and work engagement. This study examined the relationship between job-crafting and change-oriented behaviors (adaptive and proactive behaviors), as well as the mediating effect of work engagement. Hypotheses were tested with a structural equation modeling analysis. A total of 459 employees in the Korean automobile manufacturing industry participated in the study. The results show that job-crafting had a positive effect on adaptive behaviors and proactive behaviors. Moreover, seeking job resources and seeking job challenges promoted change-oriented behaviors through work engagement. Based on these results, practical implications are suggested for the development of a sustainable organization.
A Novel Highly Divergent Strain of Cell Fusing Agent Virus (CFAV) in Mosquitoes from the Brazilian Amazon Region
Authors: Natal Fernandes Licia , De Moura Coletti Thaís , Julio Costa Monteiro Fred , Octavio da Silva Rego Marlisson , Soares D’Athaide Ribeiro Edcelha , De Oliveira Ribeiro Geovani , Dos Santos Souza Marinho Robson , Vasconcelos Komninakis Shirley , S. Witkin Steven , Deng Xutao , Delwart Eric , Cerdeira Sabino Ester , Leal Élcio , Charlys da Costa Antonio
Published: November 2018

Classical insect-specific flaviviruses (cISFs) have been widely detected in different countries in the last decades. Here, we characterize the near full-length genomes of two cISFs detected in mosquitoes collected in the city of Macapá, state of Amapá, Amazon region of Brazil. A total of 105 pools of female mosquitos were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis identified three strains of cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) and two of Culex flavivirus (CxFV). All sequences were obtained from pools of Culex sp., except for one sequence of CFAV detected in a pool of Aedes aegypti. Both CxFV strains are phylogenetically related to a strain isolated in 2012 in the Southeast region of Brazil. The CFAV strains are the first of this species to be identified in Brazil and one of them is highly divergent from other strains of CFAV that have been detected worldwide. In conclusion, CFAV and CxFV, circulate in mosquitoes in Brazil. One strain of CFAV is highly divergent from others previously described, suggesting that a novel strain of CFAV is present in this region.
Effects of Geometry and Hydraulic Characteristics of Shallow Reservoirs on Sediment Entrapment
Authors: Zahabi Hamidreza , Torabi Mohammadamin , Alamatian Ebrahim , Bahiraei Mehdi , Goodarzi Marjan
Published: November 2018

Sediment and deposition are among the main problems in dam engineering and other related fields. Because of the numerous advantages of numerical modeling, effects of different geometries of reservoirs on the flow pattern and deposition of sediments are investigated using the finite volume based Flow-3D software package. In this study, three rectangular reservoirs with different dimensional ratios are simulated using the large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model. To validate the numerical modeling, existing experimental data is used. Results indicate that Flow-3D can accurately simulate flow and sediment deposition in the reservoirs, and the numerical data are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. Numerical efforts showed that the amount of deposition in reservoirs is significantly dependent on the geometry. Among the modeled reservoirs, the 6 × 4 m one has the best performance. Moreover, it can be said that changing the position of the flow’s inlet and outlet of the reservoir does not have a considerable effect on increasing its efficiency.
Health Risk Assessment of Household Drinking Water in a District in the UAE
Authors: Mahmoud Mohammed T. , Hamouda Mohamed A. , Al Kendi Ruwaya R. , Mohamed Mohamed M.
Published: November 2018

The quality of household drinking water in a community of 30 houses in a district in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE) was assessed over a period of one year (January to November 2015). Standard analytical techniques were used to screen for water quality parameters and contaminants of concern. Water quality was evaluated in the 30 households at four sampling points: kitchen faucet, bathroom faucet, household water tank, and main water pipe. The sampling points were chosen to help identify the source when an elevated level of a particular contaminant is observed. Water quality data was interpreted by utilizing two main techniques: spatial variation analysis and multivariate statistical techniques. Initial analysis showed that many households had As, Cd, and Pb concentrations that were higher than the maximum allowable level set by UAE drinking water standards. In addition, the water main samples had the highest concentration of the heavy metals compared to other sampling points. Health risk assessment results indicated that approximately 30%, 55%, and 15% of the houses studied had a high, moderate, and low risk from the prolonged exposure to heavy metals, respectively. The analysis can help with planning a spatially focused sampling plan to confirm the study findings and set an appropriate course of action.
Étude de quelques dérivés de l'oxyde ferrique (FeO.OH, FeO2Na, FeOCl) ; détermination de leurs structures
Authors: Goldsztaub Stanislas
Published: November 2018

J'ai étudié un certain nombre d'échantillons naturels de sesquioxyde de fer hydraté tant par l'analyse thermomagnétique que par la méthode de Debye et Scherrer, ce qui m'a permis de compléter et confirmer les résultats antérieurement établis à savoir : dans la nature il n'y a qu'un seul hydrate de sesquioxyde de fer dont la composition est Fe2 O3 H2O. Il se présente avec deux structures cristallines différentes, la goethite et la lépidocrocite.

Au cours de ce travail, j'ai été amené à préparer le ferrite de sodium et l'oxychlorure de fer. J'ai réussi à les obtenir en beaux cristaux et à donner leur structure.

J'ai déterminé la structure de la goethite. Le cristal résulte de la répétition du motif structural FeO.OH. Il est donc naturel d'écrire la formule de la goethite, non pas Fe2 O3 H2O, mais FeO.OH car il n'existe pas dans l'édifice cristallin de groupement H2O ; l'étude des spectres d'absorption infra-rouge ne montre que la présence de groupements OH.

Un cristal de goethite en se déshydratant donne un édifice qui garde la forme extérieure du cristal primitif. Il est formé de petits cristaux d'oligiste orientés parallèlement, mais dont les axes binaires occupent des positions parallèles et antiparallèles.

J'ai retrouvé la propriété, très importante, de l'oxychlorure de fer signalée par Rousseau : traité par l'eau, un cristal de FeOCl se transforme en lépidocrocite sans que le cristal perde sa transparence et ses formes extérieures. Ce fait suggère l'idée que la structure de la lépidocrocite est très voisine de celle de l'oxychlorure de fer. Elle résulterait du remplacement de l'ion Cl par l'ion OH. L'interprétation des clichés de rayons X de lépidocrocite conduit à une structure confirmant cette hypothèse. Comme dans la goethite, le motif structural est FeO.OH, mais l'arrangement des atomes est différent.

J'ai constaté l'influence de la vitesse de déshydratation de la lépidocrocite sur la structure cristalline du produit de déshydratation. Un chauffage lent donne un sesquioxyde dont le diagramme de Debye et Scherrer est voisin de celui de la magnétite, tandis qu'une déshydratation suffisamment rapide conduit à un corps donnant le diagramme de l'oligiste.
Anisotropie permanente des Verres à vitre
Authors: Gaubert P.
Published: November 2018

Les verres à vitre, toujours plus ou moins biréfringents, peuvent présenter des caractères divers au point de vue optique.

1° Les plaques sont homogènes et équivalentes à une lame cristalline optiquement négative, dont l'axe optique est perpendiculaire à la surface.

2° La biréfringence varie régulièrement d'un bord à l'autre de la plaque, constituée par deux ou plusieurs couches de signe optique différent.

3° La biréfringence est la même dans chacune des couches, mais différente dans celles qui sont en contact. Comme elles sont rigoureusement parallèles, la tranche de la vitre examinée entre les nicols croisés montre des figures rappelant les macles polysynthétiques des feldspaths. Ces bandes sont équivalentes les unes à des lames cristallines optiquement négatives, les autres à des lames positives. Il n'y a aucune répartition régulière de ces bandes et leur largeur est très variable.

Les couches se poursuivent avec les mêmes caractères sur une grande étendue (plusieurs décimètres) de telle sorte qu'il est possible, par l'examen optique de la tranche d'un morceau de verre, de reconnaître la plaque dont il provient.

Les verres cylindriques peuvent présenter les mêmes caractères que les vitres.

Tous les tubes de verre de silice examinés étaient biréfringents.
Étude de l'absorption infrarouge du pyrosilicate de plomb potassium, du pyrogermanate et de leurs solutions solides
Authors: Lajzerowicz-Bonneteau Janine
Published: November 2018

Une étude des fréquences de vibration du groupement X₂O₇ de symétrie D3d nous a permis d'analyser les spectres d'absorption infrarouge du pyrosilicate de plomb potassium (K₂Pb₂Si₂O₇) et du pyrogermanate. Les constantes de force ont été évaluées.

L'examen des spectres d'absorption des solutions solides pyrosilicate pyrogermanate a permis de conclure à la non-existence de l'anion SiGeO₂⁶⁻.
Sur la minéralogie des argiles bauxitiques de Peygros (Var)
Authors: Périnet Guy
Published: November 2018

On a étudié dans un gisement de bauxite la cristallinité des kaolins et des illites ; elle est liée d'une part à la teneur en matière organique et d'autre part à la position stratigraphique.

Un schéma de la genèse de ces bauxites est proposé.
Note sur les rapports b/a et b/c des paramètres de la strontianite
Authors: Courtoy M.
Published: November 2018

H. Brasseur a indiqué une méthode permettant d'obtenir avec rapidité et précision le rapport c/a d'une apatite.

Nous adaptons cette méthode au cas du carbonate de strontium, en modifiant la formule utilisée.
Étude des stalactites tubiformes monocristallines. Mécanisme de leur formation et conditionnement de leurs dimensions transversales
Authors: Andrieux C.
Published: November 2018

L'auteur essaie de donner une explication du mécanisme de l'implantation et de la croissance d'une stalactite tubiforme monocristalline.

Il montre que son diamètre extérieur doit être compris entre deux valeurs : la plus petite équivalant au diamètre du col de rupture d'une goutte pendante, la plus grande étant indirectement liée aux dimensions maximales d'une goutte pendue à une voûte.

Le diamètre intérieur de la stalactite varie comme le débit du pore qui l'alimente en eau.
Données pétrographiques sur les basanites à analcime
Authors: Girod Michel
Published: November 2018

L'étude des basanites à analcime connues dans le monde, montre qu'il s'agit d'un groupe pétrographique particulier tant par ses caractères minéralogiques que chimiques. La position de ce groupe par rapport aux autres types de basaltes sous˗saturés, est définie et discutée. Les basanites à analcime contiennent, de façon constante, un résidu de cristallisation très différencié. Cette particularité témoigne de l'aptitude de certains magmas basaltiques à donner directement naissance à des produits de différenciation de nature phonolitique.
Sur la composition des thortveitites d'Iveland (Norvège) et de Befanamo (Madagascar)
Authors: Phan Kieu-Duong
Published: November 2018

L'analyse de thortveitites d'Iveland et de Befanamo à la microsonde électronique donne une composition quantitative correspondant à la formule Sc₂Si₂O₇ dans laquelle Sc est remplacé partiellement par Y, Fe et Al. Les teneurs élevées en yttrium de la thortveitite d'Iveland, signalées par certains auteurs, n'ont pas été retrouvées. Il est probable que la majeure partie du zirconium et du hafnium rencontrés dans la thortveitite de Befanamo est due à de fines inclusions constituées de zircons d'une part et de phosphates de terres rares d'autre part.
Les enclaves de péridotite et de pyroxénolite à spinelle dans le basalte du Rocher du Lion (Chaîne du Devès, Haute-Loire)
Authors: Vilminot Jean-Claude
Published: November 2018

Le basalte du Rocher du Lion, près du village de Monistrol d'Allier, contient de nombreux nodules de péridotite et, en moindre quantité, des enclaves de pyroxénolite à spinelle. L'étude pétrographique de ce basalte et, surtout, de ses enclaves, permet de les distinguer les unes des autres : les péridotites ont les mêmes caractères minéralogiques que les nodules de péridotite du monde entier ; les pyroxénolites à spinelle sont en fait un faciès hétéromorphe du basalte qui les contient. L'origine de chaque type d'enclaves est discutée : les nodules de péridotite représenteraient des échantillons témoins du manteau supérieur, résidus de la fusion partielle d'une péridotite à grenat, roche-mère de magmas basaltiques ; les enclaves de pyroxénolite seraient des enclaves homoeogènes qui auraient pris naissance dans un stade précoce de la cristallisation du basalte, avant l'éruption et sous forte pression d'eau.
Données nouvelles sur la chervétite
Authors: Cesbron Fabien
Published: November 2018

De nouveaux échantillons de chervétite provenant de Mounana (Gabon) ont permis de reprendre l'étude de cette espèce de formule Pb₂V₂O₇. Une étude goniométrique a mis en évidence de nombreuses formes nouvelles, ainsi que 3 différents types de macles. Les cristaux sont monocliniques avec a = 13,30 Å, b = 7,14 Å, c = 7,08 Å et β = 106°. La densité mesurée est égale à 6,49 g/cm³. Un diagramme de poudre indicé avec les nouvelles valeurs des paramètres est donné.
Evolution actuelle des phénomènes karstiques dans la Cordillera de la Sal (Atacama, Nord Chili)
Authors: Sesiano Jean
Published: November 2018

Nuevas observaciones sobre la débil evolución actual de los fenómenos cársticos de la Cordillera de la Sal (Atacama, N. Chile).

Finalizando el 2005 una segunda misión de observaciones ha sido organizada para estudiar el diapir de sal de la Cordillera de la sal (región de Salar de Atacama, norte de Chile). La misión precedente data de 1996. Ello nos ha permitído de comprobar la lentitud de los procesos de erosión de esta región, una de las más áridas del mundo. Durante la última misión, una red de drenaje parcialmente subterránea ha sido topografiada ; ciertas pérdidas conectadas a esta red están parcialmente colmatadas por depósitos éolicos y cuestionan el porvenir de la alimentación subterránea de esta red de drenaje. El estudio de la fracturación de la cordillera (orientada N 140°) hace pensar que esta red puede ser una de las recargas potenciales del acuífero aluvial desarrollado debajo del Salar ; otra puede ser las aguas bajando de los Andes. Las observaciones sobre un periodo de tiempo superior a 10 años nos permitirán de responder a estas preguntas y subrayar la debilidad de los fenómenos cársticos de esta región.
Les stalagmites du réseau du trou Noir (Gironde) : rôle de l'effet de site dans l'enregistrement du signal climatique et environnemental
Authors: Lans Benjamin , Maire Richard , Ortega Richard , Deves Guillaume , Bacquart Thomas , Plaisir Cyril , Quinif Yves , Perrette Yves
Published: November 2018

Le réseau du trou Noir est un système karstique actif, de type perte-résurgence, se développant dans les calcaires poreux oligocènes du bas plateau de l'Entre-deux-Mers (Gironde). Six stalagmites fonctionnelles ont été prélevées pour analyser l'enregistrement du signal environnemental en fonction de l'effet de site à l'intérieur de la grotte. Les marqueurs étudiés sont les fabriques cristallines, les indicateurs périodiques (lamination), les discontinuités ou diasthèmes, la porosité, la matière organique, et la radioactivité. En raison d'un rétrécissement situé vers le milieu du réseau, les trois spéléothèmes situés en amont ont enregistré de manière variable les fluctuations du niveau de la rivière, notamment des phases de sédimentation détritique (alternances argile/calcite), d'érosion (surface de ravinement interne), des chocs mécaniques (concrétions fissurées). En aval du rétrécissement, les trois autres stalagmites n'ont pas subi de phase d'ennoiement ; dans la galerie fossile de sortie, deux stalagmites ont enregistré le rôle biologique de filaments bactériens ou mycéliens en raison de la présence de matière organique, notamment du guano car la cavité est un refuge pour des colonies de chiroptères (site protégé Natura 2000). Le réseau du trou Noir se présente comme un modèle de cavité active très récente qui a bien enregistré l'évolution holocène et particulièrement le Petit Âge Glaciaire (stalagmites à alternances argile/calcite) et la période actuelle.
Grottes d'Europe centrale dans les Encyclopédies françaises du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Gauchon Christophe
Published: November 2018

Le XVIIIe siècle est marqué en France à la fois par un grand progrès des sciences naturelles en général et de la connaissance des grottes en particulier, et par un mouvement d'idées qui va se traduire par la publication de grandes encyclopédies qui se donnaient pour but de proposer une somme du savoir humain. La plus célèbre est bien sûr l'Encyclopédie en 17 tomes dirigée par Diderot et d'Alembert [1751-65], mais, jugée trop irrévérencieuse et d'esprit trop libre, d'autres encyclopédies lui furent opposées, comme le «Dictionnaire de Trévoux» d'inspiration jésuite.

La lecture de ces encyclopédies révèle un intérêt certain pour le monde souterrain, des dizaines de cavités sont citées et décrites ; en effet le karst profond est un bon «terrain» pour l'affrontement entre les vieilles croyances, parfois les superstitions, et les entreprises rationalistes.

Certes, les phénomènes du Karst de la Carniole sont bien représentés, mais on trouve aussi mention de grottes de Styrie, de Dalmatie, de Hongrie... On s'appuiera donc sur ces sources historiques qui connurent en leur temps une grande diffusion pour comprendre ce que les Lumières avaient saisi des réalités karstiques, pour essayer d'identifier les sources des Encyclopédistes et pour dresser un panorama de la géographie savante du monde souterrain au XVIIIe siècle.
Intérêt de l'analyse pétrographique des spéléothèmes pour les reconstitutions paléoenvironnementales
Authors: Couchoud Isabelle
Published: November 2018

The significance of speleothem petrography in paleoenvironmental reconstruction

Speleothem petrography, like oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios, is influenced by various hydrological, chemical, biological and physical factors at the time of growth. While speleothem-based paleoenvironmental studies using stable isotope records are increasingly numerous, interpretations remain problematic. This paper aims to highlight the significance of a petrographical approach to the study of speleothems as a complement to isotopic studies. First, a synthesis of the main calcite crystalline fabrics encountered in speleothems is presented and a terminology suggested. A summary of the current state of knowledge about the relationships between fabrics and (i) the conditions of speleothem precipitation and (ii) speleothem carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios is then provided.

It appears that some fabrics are essentially controlled by two main parameters :

1) the chemical efficiency of the solution ; and

2) the drip rate and variability. As a function of the respective importance of these two parameters, fabrics evolve within a continuum from elongated columnar fabric (typically, high intensity and low variability - low chemical efficiency) to dendritic fabric (low intensity and high variability - high chemical efficiency) via two intermediate forms, compact and open columnar fabrics.

Other fabrics are associated with specific conditions of precipitation. For example, a high concentration of impurities in the source water can produce a microcrystalline fabric ; precipitation in a tunnel environment can give rise to squat columnar fabric ; and recrystallisation can produce a mosaic fabric. Combined with known conditions of precipitation, fabrics can be used to evaluate the quality of the stable isotope signals recorded by speleothems and can help in the interpretation of paleoenvironmental records.
Le problème de l'ouverture des vides initiaux pré-karstiques: cas de la dolomie siliceuse du Sous-Groupe de Malmani, Afrique du Sud
Authors: Martini Jacques
Published: November 2018

L'article se propose d'étudier la fissuration initiale dans des grottes phréatiques de type labyrinthique, développées dans une dolomie siliceuse précambrienne. L'ouverture pré-karstique des diadases, aux dépens desquelles les galeries se sont formées, peut se mesurer sur des niveaux de chert interstratifiés dans la dolomie. Ces derniers étant constitués de quartz, ils n'ont pratiquement pas été affectés par la spéléogenèse. Les ouvertures mesurées sont particulièrement larges et varient généralement de 0,3 à 5,0 mm, toutefois des valeurs atteignant 30 mm ont été observées. L'origine de la fissuration est attribuée à une période d'extension d'âge liasique, qui a affecté la majeure partie du sous-continent de l'Afrique Australe et a déclenché un volcanisme fissural important.

Comme il s'agit là d'un phénomène tensionel exceptionnellement important, il n'est probablement pas possible de généraliser et de comparer les chiffres donnés ici avec les écartements fissuraux karstiques indiqués par les auteurs ailleurs dans le monde, lesquels citent des valeurs plus petites de 1 à 2 ordres de grandeur.
Health Literacy—How do we Improve the Conversation at the Heart of Healthcare When We Know so Many People are Struggling with It?
Authors: Robertson Blythe , Horne Annamarie , Williams Eleri
Published: November 2018

The Scottish Government published “Making it Easy – A Health Literacy Action Plan for Scotland” in 2014, and in 2017 the next steps were set out in “Making it Easier – A Health Literacy Action Plan for Scotland 2017–2025.” This article discusses what health literacy is, outlining the key points from these national action plans. The importance of understanding and addressing health literacy in relation to renal services, and dialysis in particular, is highlighted by use of an example of a Scottish renal unit's practice to outline the principles being used in a service.
Green synthesis of new chiral 1-(arylamino)imidazo[2,1-a]isoindole-2,5-diones from the corresponding α-amino acid arylhydrazides in aqueous medium
Authors: Bouzayani Nadia , Kraїem Jamil , Marque Sylvain , Kacem Yakdhane , Carlin-Sinclair Abel , Marrot Jérôme , Hassine Béchir Ben
Published: November 2018

New chiral 1-(arylamino)imidazo[2,1-a]isoindole-2,5-dione derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields via the cyclocondensation of 2-formylbenzoic acid and various α-amino acid arylhydrazides using water as the solvent in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surfactant and under simple and minimum manipulation, without purification. The reaction is totally diastereoselective and gives access to the nitrogenated tricyclic core with a relative trans stereochemistry.
HYBRID FUZZY NEURAL NETWORK TO PREDICT PRICE DIRECTION IN THE GERMAN DAX-30 INDEX
Authors: García Fernando , Guijarro Francisco , Oliver Javier , Tamošiūnienė Rima
Published: November 2018

Intraday trading rules require accurate information about the future short term market evolution. For that reason, next-day market trend prediction has attracted the attention of both academics and practitioners. This interest has increased in recent years, as different methodologies have been applied to this end. Usually, machine learning techniques are used such as artificial neural networks, support vector machines and decision trees. The input variables of most of the studies are traditional technical indicators which are used by professional traders to implement investment strategies. We analyse if these indicators have predictive power on the German DAX-30 stock index by applying a hybrid fuzzy neural network to predict the one-day ahead direction of index. We implement different models depending on whether all the indicators and oscillators are used as inputs, or if a linear combination of them obtained through a factor analysis is used instead. In order to guarantee for the robustness of the results, we train and apply the HyFIS models on randomly selected subsamples 10,000 times. The results show that the reduction of the dimension through the factorial analysis generates more profitable and less risky strategies.
A New Version of the OCARS Catalog of Optical Characteristics of Astrometric Radio Sources
Authors: Malkin Zinovy
Published: November 2018

A new version of the Optical Characteristics of Astrometric Radio Sources (OCARS) catalog is presented. This compiled catalog includes radio sources observed in different VLBI programs and experiments that result in source position determination, their redshift, and photometry in the visible and near-infrared bands. A cross-identification table between the OCARS and other catalogs is also provided. The status of the catalog as of 2018 September 7 is described in this paper. The OCARS catalog currently contains 6432 sources, of which 3895 have redshift data and 5479 have photometric data. Compared with the previous version, the current version has been enriched with extended redshift and photometry information, and cross-identification with several catalogs in radio, optical, infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. The OCARS catalog is updated every few weeks on average to incorporate new data that appear in the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), SIMBAD database, and in the literature.
Where is the Engine Hiding Its Missing Energy? Constraints from a Deep X-Ray Non-detection of the Superluminous SN 2015bn*
Authors: Bhirombhakdi Kornpob , Chornock Ryan , Margutti Raffaella , Nicholl Matt , Metzger Brian D. , Berger Edo , Margalit Ben , Milisavljevic Dan
Published: November 2018

SN 2015bn is a nearby hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) that has been intensively observed in X-rays with the goal to detect the spindown powered emission from a magnetar engine. The early-time ultraviolet/optical/infrared (UVOIR) data fit well to the magnetar model, but require leakage of energy at late times of ≲1043 erg s−1, which is expected to be partially emitted in X-rays. Deep X-ray limits until ∼300 days after explosion revealed no X-ray emission. Here, we present the latest deep 0.3–10 keV X-ray limit at 805 days obtained with XMM-Newton. We find L

X
 < 1041 erg s−1, with no direct evidence for central-engine powered emission. While the late-time optical data still follow the prediction of the magnetar model, the best-fit model to the bolometric light curve predicts that ∼97% of the total input luminosity of the magnetar is escaping outside of the UVOIR bandpass at the time of observation. Our X-ray upper limit is <1.5% of the input luminosity, strongly constraining the high-energy leakage, unless non-radiative losses are important. These deep X-ray observations identify a missing energy problem in SLSNe-I, and we suggest future observations in hard X-rays and γ-rays for better constraints. Also, independent of the optical data, we constrain the parameter spaces of various X-ray emission scenarios, including ionization breakout by magnetar spindown, shock interaction between the ejecta and external circumstellar medium, off-axis γ-ray burst afterglow, and black hole fallback accretion.
Components of small and medium sized HLMC reactor plant circuits
Authors: Beznosov Aleksander , Bokova Tatyana , Bokov Pavel
Published: November 2018

Small and medium sized lead and lead-bismuth cooled reactors currently under development in Russia are Generation IV reactors. This paper presents a review and new scientific and engineering solutions which are in line with the evolutionary development of small and medium sized reactor plants with heavy liquid metal coolants (HLMC).

A growing interest in small and medium sized reactor plants for transpolar applications, as well as for regional and other NPPs, and the emerging trend towards the substitution of coal-fired boiler stations for small modular reactors initiate R&D on new designs and operational solutions for fast neutron HLMC reactor plants. Such solutions are based on unique domestic experience of building and operating ground prototype test facilities and series lead-bismuth cooled reactor plants, as well as nuclear power units for various applications. These solutions provide for improved properties of advanced HLMC reactors, primarily in economic and safety terms, as compared to other small and medium sized reactor plants.

Theoretical and experimental work was undertaken at Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University (NNSTU) for justifying small and medium sized reactor plant designs with horizontal steam generators (BRS-GPG). Nonconventional scientific and engineering solutions have been considered aimed to improve the cost effectiveness and safety of HLMC NPP units, including for the localization of a potentially dangerous severe accident of the “intercircuit steam generator break” type. The review and integrated research results are presented which make it possible to justify nonconventional engineering solutions for the BRS-GPG reactor plant (reactor circuit circulation pattern, steam generator type, reactor circuit heat removal in standby and emergency modes, etc.).