bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of compressive strength of mortar with copper slag addition by using artificial neural network
Authors: Yan Zhuhua , Sun Zhenping , Zhao Yihe , Ji Yanliang , Tian Juntao
Published: May 2022

Copper slag (CS), an industrial by‐product, can be used as supplementary cementitious materials in the mortar to achieve sustainable development of the copper and the cement industries. However, available evaluation and prediction models for CS cementitious material considering the comprehensive effect of multiple factors are very scarce. In this study, a reliable experimental database with 141 sets of data was developed via compressive strength tests and reviews of the literature at first. Subsequently, the gray correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between the influencing factors and the compressive strength of mortar with CS addition. The results demonstrated that the strength was most sensitive to the water to binder ratio and CS chemical composition, which could not be ignored to compare and evaluate the strength acquired from different works. Besides, for the same batch CS used in this study, the compressive strength at 3 d depended on the curing program; while it was more easily affected by the CS fineness after 28 d. Finally, a reliable prediction model for the compressive strength of the mortar with CS addition was implemented by the back‐propagation neural network. The established network with four neurons in the hidden layer had a high accuracy as well as a good generalization ability, which can be used as an effective tool for detecting trends of the compressive strength and designing CS‐added mortar with a user‐defined compressive strength.
Rotationally ordered ammonium cations in the crystal structure of (NH4)2OsBr6
Authors: Kohlmann Holger
Published: May 2022

Rotational disorder is a common phenomenon in ammonium salts. The localization of hydrogen atoms and thus the distinction between rotationally ordered and disordered ammonium atoms by laboratory based X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) is a challenge, especially for compounds containing heavy atoms. For ammonium hexabromido osmate(IV), (NH4)2OsBr6, the analysis of XRPD data reveals a slight preference for a structure model with fully ordered ammonium cations ((ND4)2PdCl6 type (filled K2PtCl6 type), Fm
m, a=1037.954(9) pm at 293(1) K, Br atoms on 24e with x(Br)=0.2385(1), H atoms on 32f with x(H)=0.191(2), Os atoms on 4a, N atoms on 8c). Interatomic distances (d(Os−Br): 6*247.6(1) pm, d(N−H): 4*106(2) pm, d(H−H): 3*173(3) pm) are consistent with those in comparable compounds, e. g. NH4Br and K2OsBr6. X‐ray diffraction (293 K≤T≤673 K) and thermal analysis (113 K≤T≤673 K) did not show any phase transition or any signs of disorder. The lattice parameters develop nearly linearly as described by the polynomial fit a=1024.38(16) pm+0.0410(7) T pm/K+8.8(7)×10−6 T2 pm/K2 for 313 K≤T≤653 K. (NH4)2OsBr6 shows beginning sublimation at 680 K. We therefore conclude that (NH4)2OsBr6 adopts the cubic (ND4)2PdCl6 type with fully ordered NH4+ cations from room temperature up to the temperature of its decomposition.
Elongation of the inferior rectus tendon with fascia lata graft for large vertical squint angles in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy
Authors: Prinz Julia , Hartmann Kathi , Migliorini Filippo , Hamesch Karim , Walter Peter , Fuest Matthias , Kuerten David
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To investigate the use of fascia lata (FL) grafts for inferior rectus muscle (IRM) tendon elongation in patients with large vertical squint angles with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO).

Methods

In this retrospective study, we included a consecutive series of 20 eyes of 13 patients with GO who underwent IRM tendon elongation with FL. Orthoptic and ophthalmologic examinations including measurement of the head posture, the extent of deviation in primary position (PP), elevation, motility, and binocular diplopia at the tangent of Harms were conducted preoperatively and after a mean postoperative time of 10.8 (5.0–35.0) months in all patients.

Results

The mean total repositioning distance was 9.3 ± 3.6 (3.5–16.0) mm. Postoperatively, we found a significant increase in elevation (5.4 ± 2.4 vs. 2.7 ± 2.4 mm preoperatively, p = 0.011). A significant reduction in vertical squint angle (2.8 ± 3.7 vs. 20.2 ± 18.8 Δ preoperatively, p = 0.004), chin elevation (2.3 ± 3.7 vs. 12.9 ± 6.3° preoperatively, p < 0.001), extorsion in PP (0.1 ± 3.8 vs. 8.4 ± 7.8° preoperatively, p = 0.002), and in elevation (1.8 ± 4.8 vs. 11.1 ± 10.9° preoperatively, p = 0.004) occurred postoperatively. A mean dose–effect relation of 2.6 ± 2.9 Δ/mm was calculated. Postoperatively, the lower eyelid retraction was significantly increased (1.5 ± 1.4 vs. 0.4 ± 0.5 mm preoperatively, p = 0.005).

Conclusion

IRM tendon elongation with FL is a feasible and effective procedure without relevant risk for surgery-related complications.
Concurrent CNS tumors and multiple sclerosis: retrospective single-center cohort study and lessons for the clinical management
Authors: Yalachkov Yavor , Dabanli Dilara , Wenger Katharina Johanna , Forster Marie-Therese , Steinbach Joachim P. , Voss Martin
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The concurrent presence of both central nervous system (CNS) tumors and multiple sclerosis (MS) poses various diagnostic and therapeutic pitfalls and makes the clinical management of such patients challenging.

Methods

In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, we searched our clinical databases (2006–2019) for patients with concurrent CNS tumors and MS and described their disease courses. Age at diagnosis of the respective disease and probabilities for MS disease activity events (DAEs) with vs. without prior tumor-specific therapy were tested pairwise using t-test for dependent samples and exact binomial test.

Results

N = 16 patients with concurrent CNS tumors and MS were identified. MS diagnosis preceded the CNS oncological diagnosis by an average of 9 years (p = 0.004). More DAEs occurred in patients without prior chemotherapy (83.3%) than in patients with prior chemotherapy (16.7%; p = 0.008). This effect did not reach significance for patients with prior radiation therapy/radiosurgery (66.7% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.238). The average interval between DAEs and the last documented lymphopenia was 32.25 weeks.

Conclusions

This study describes the clinical and demographic features of patients with concurrent CNS tumors and MS and suggests several practical approaches to their clinical management. Our findings suggest that adding a disease-modifying MS therapy to the regimen of patients treated with chemotherapy is necessary only if the patient suffers from a highly active, aggressive course of MS. In view of the lack of prospective trials, individual risk assessments should remain the foundation of the decision on MS treatment in concurrent CNS tumor diseases.
A retrotransposon storm marks clinical phenoconversion to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Macciardi Fabio , Giulia Bacalini Maria , Miramontes Ricardo , Boattini Alessio , Taccioli Cristian , Modenini Giorgia , Malhas Rond , Anderlucci Laura , Gusev Yuriy , Gross Thomas J. , Padilla Robert M. , Fiandaca Massimo S. , Head Elizabeth , Guffanti Guia , Federoff Howard J. , Mapstone Mark
Published: May 2022

Recent reports have suggested that the reactivation of otherwise transcriptionally silent transposable elements (TEs) might induce brain degeneration, either by dysregulating the expression of genes and pathways implicated in cognitive decline and dementia or through the induction of immune-mediated neuroinflammation resulting in the elimination of neural and glial cells. In the work we present here, we test the hypothesis that differentially expressed TEs in blood could be used as biomarkers of cognitive decline and development of AD. To this aim, we used a sample of aging subjects (age > 70) that developed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) over a relatively short period of time (12–48 months), for which blood was available before and after their phenoconversion, and a group of cognitive stable subjects as controls. We applied our developed and validated customized pipeline that allows the identification, characterization, and quantification of the differentially expressed (DE) TEs before and after the onset of manifest LOAD, through analyses of RNA-Seq data. We compared the level of DE TEs within more than 600,000 TE-mapping RNA transcripts from 25 individuals, whose specimens we obtained before and after their phenotypic conversion (phenoconversion) to LOAD, and discovered that 1790 TE transcripts showed significant expression differences between these two timepoints (logFC ± 1.5, logCMP > 5.3, nominal p value < 0.01). These DE transcripts mapped both over- and under-expressed TE elements. Occurring before the clinical phenoconversion, this TE storm features significant increases in DE transcripts of LINEs, LTRs, and SVAs, while those for SINEs are significantly depleted. These dysregulations end with signs of manifest LOAD. This set of highly DE transcripts generates a TE transcriptional profile that accurately discriminates the before and after phenoconversion states of these subjects. Our findings suggest that a storm of DE TEs occurs before phenoconversion from normal cognition to manifest LOAD in risk individuals compared to controls, and may provide useful blood-based biomarkers for heralding such a clinical transition, also suggesting that TEs can indeed participate in the complex process of neurodegeneration.
Working-time mismatch and job satisfaction of junior academics
Authors: Frei Irina , Grund Christian
Published: May 2022

We examine the role of working-time mismatches (defined as the difference between actual and desired weekly working hours) in academics’ job satisfaction. In doing so, we investigate how academics’ career stage (predoc vs. postdoc) and contract status (part-time vs. full-time employment) moderate the relation between a mismatch in working hours and job-related well-being. Our results are based on longitudinal survey data among junior academics in the STEM fields indicate that mismatches in working hours are prevalent in academia and are associated with a loss of job satisfaction. In this context, overemployment (working more than desired) tends to unfold more severe consequences with respect to job satisfaction compared to underemployment. We find evidence for a similar reaction of doctoral students and postdocs with respect to job satisfaction when experiencing a working-time mismatch. Part-time employment positively moderates the link between working-time mismatch and job satisfaction for the case of underemployment.
Big bath accounting and CEO turnover: the interplay between optimal contracts and career concerns
Authors: Hensel Tim , Schöndube Jens Robert
Published: May 2022

Following executive turnovers big bath accounting is often observed. We investigate a new manager’s earnings management incentives in his first year in office in a two-period model with career concerns and earnings’ lack of timeliness. We determine the optimal incentive contract and decompose the manager’s equilibrium earnings management into two components: an explicit incentive resulting from the compensation contract and an implicit incentive from career concerns. While career concerns always motivate the manager to shift earnings backwards, the optimal contract induces the manager to either shift earnings forwards or backwards. In particular, we show that with optimal contracts a "negative" big bath may result in equilibrium, i.e., the manager may inflate earnings after a CEO turnover. We demonstrate how the optimal contract and the equilibrium earnings management strategy depend on the earnings’ timeliness, the precision of the initial information about the manager’s ability and the intensity of competition for CEOs. Our results may help to explain why big bath accounting after a CEO turnover is observed in many but not in all cases.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Candesartan Protects Against Cadmium-Induced Hepatorenal Syndrome by Affecting Nrf2, NF-κB, Bax/Bcl-2/Cyt-C, and Ang II/Ang 1–7 Signals
Authors: Kamel Esam O. , Gad-Elrab Wail M. , Ahmed Mohammed A. , Mohammedsaleh Zuhair M. , Hassanein Emad H. M. , Ali Fares E. M.
Published: May 2022

Cadmium (Cd) is a serious pollutant in the environment. Candesartan is an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist with promising diverse health benefits. The current study is planned to investigate the hepatorenal protective effects of candesartan against Cd-induced hepatic and renal intoxication. Our results demonstrated that candesartan effectively attenuated Cd-induced hepatorenal intoxication, as evidenced by improving hepatic and renal function biomarkers. Besides, candesartan reversed hepatic and renal histopathological abrasions induced by Cd toxicity. Candesartan antioxidant effect was mediated by Nrf2 activation. Also, candesartan suppressed hepatorenal inflammation by modulating NF-κB/IκB. Moreover, candesartan attenuated Cd hepatorenal apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 and downregulating Bax and Cyt-C proteins. Interestingly, these effects are suggested to be an outcome of modulating of Ang II/Ang 1–7 signal. Overall, our findings revealed that candesartan could attenuate Cd-induced hepatorenal intoxication through modulation of Nrf2, NF-κB/IκB, Bax/Bcl-2/Cyt-c, and Ang II/Ang 1–7 signaling pathways.
MiR-6511b-5p suppresses metastasis of pMMR colorectal cancer through methylation of CD44 by directly targeting BRG1
Authors: Sun JinMing , Ye Ling , Shi Yuan , Wang XingWei , Zhao XiaFei , Ren ShengYong , Fan JunWei , Shao HuanZhang , Qin BingYu
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Distal metastases are a major cause of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Approximately 95% of metastatic colorectal cancers are defined as DNA mismatch repair proficient (pMMR). Our previous study found that miR-6511b-5p was downregulated in pMMR colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism of miR-6511b-5p in pMMR colorectal cancer metastases remain unclear.

Methods

We first used quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate the role of miR-6511b-5p in colorectal cancer. Second, we conducted invasion assays and wound healing assays to investigate the role of miR-6511b-5p and CD44 in colorectal cancer cells metastases. Third, luciferase reporter assay, in situ hybridization (ISH), and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to study the relationship between miR-6511b-5p and BRG1. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to analyze the relationship between BRG1 and CD44 in colorectal cancer.

Results

We found that lower expression of miR-6511b-5p appeared more often in pMMR colorectal cancer patients compared with dMMR (mismatch repair deficient) cases, and was positively correlated with metastases. In vitro, overexpression of miR-6511b-5p inhibited metastasis by decreasing CD44 expression via directly targeting BRG1 in colorectal cancer. Furthermore, BRG1 knockdown decreased the expression of CD44 by promoting CD44 methylation in colorectal cancer cells.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that miR-6511b-5p may act as a promising biomarker and treatment target for pMMR colorectal cancer, particularly in metastatic patients. Mechanistically, miR-6511b-5p suppresses invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells through methylation of CD44 via directly targeting BRG1.
Late early to early middle Eocene climate and vegetation change at Tastakh Lake (northern Yakutia, eastern Siberia)
Authors: Bondarenko Olesya V. , Utescher Torsten
Published: May 2022

The late early – early middle Eocene climate and vegetation evolution in northern Yakutia (Eastern Siberia) is quantitatively studied in detail for the first time, based on a palaeobotanical record. Palaeobotanical data for this time interval were obtained from 16 palynofloras from continental sediments on the southern shore of Tastakh Lake (the left bank of Indigirka River). In this first integrative study, we applied the Coexistence Approach for quantification of palaeoclimate, the Plant Functional Type (PFT) approach and Integrated Plant Record (IPR) vegetation analysis to quantify palaeovegetation. Our investigation documents the persistence of warm temperate and, at times, nearly tropical climate conditions in the earlier part of the record and the subsequent onset of a cooling trend. Overall humid climate conditions prevailed throughout the late early – early middle Eocene. Our reconstruction indicates low temperature seasonality and relatively strong seasonality in precipitation. Vegetation data as reconstructed are in good agreement with the climate evolution. PFT diversity spectra indicate the prevalence of mixed evergreen-deciduous forests of warm temperate character. The IPR method suggests that the mixed mesophytic forest biome persisted throughout the studied sedimentary succession. The presence of mangroves in our late early Eocene records (at the base of the section) is largely in line with our climate reconstruction and possibly can be related to the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO) hyperthermal event.
Generalized fuzzy ideals in ordered semirings
Authors: Muhiuddin G. , Mahboob Ahsan , Abughazalah N.
Published: May 2022

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Process parameters investigation for direct powder bed selective laser processing of silicon carbide parts
Authors: Montón Zarazaga Alejandro , Abdelmoula Mohamed , Küçüktürk Gökhan , Maury Francis , Ferrato Marc , Grossin David
Published: May 2022

Direct-powder bed selective laser processing (D-PBSLP) is a promising technique for the manufacturing of complex-shaped parts of Silicon Carbide (SiC) ceramic. In this work, a complex optimization of the process parameters was performed by numerical and experimental analysis. The numerical model was used to determine and optimize the effect of laser power, scanning speed and hatching distance at different layer thicknesses of 20, 30 and 40 µm. Regarding the experimental process parameters study, powder compaction was also studied and optimized. The optimization parameter criteria were to achieve reproducible and high relative density parts. Concerning the experimental manufacturing process, D-PBSLP of alpha-silicon carbide parts with a maximum relative density of 81% were manufactured. Moreover, the process viability can be confirmed with the manufacturing of SiC complex shapes in absence of any additives in the initial powder and without or post-treatment. The results from this study could be used as a guide for process parameters selection.
Transcendental Number Theory
Authors: Baker Alan , Masser David
Published: May 2022

First published in 1975, this classic book gives a systematic account of transcendental number theory, that is, the theory of those numbers that cannot be expressed as the roots of algebraic equations having rational coefficients. Their study has developed into a fertile and extensive theory, which continues to see rapid progress today. Expositions are presented of theories relating to linear forms in the logarithms of algebraic numbers, of Schmidt's generalization of the Thue–Siegel–Roth theorem, of Shidlovsky's work on Siegel's E-functions and of Sprindžuk's solution to the Mahler conjecture. This edition includes an introduction written by David Masser describing Baker's achievement, surveying the content of each chapter and explaining the main argument of Baker's method in broad strokes. A new afterword lists recent developments related to Baker's work.
The Art and Archaeology of the Aegean Bronze Age
Authors: Poursat Jean-Claude
Published: May 2022

The Art and Archaeology of the Aegean Bronze Age offers a comprehensive chronological and geographical overview of one of the most important civilizations in human history. Jean-Claude Poursat's volume provides a clear path through the rich and varied art and archaeology of Aegean prehistory, from the Neolithic period down to the end of the Bronze Age. Charting the regional differences within the Aegean world, his study covers the full range of material evidence, including architecture, pottery, frescoes, metalwork, stone, and ivory, all lucidly arranged by chapter. With nearly 300 illustrations, this volume is one of the most lavishly illustrated treatments of the subject yet published. Suggestions for further reading provide an up-to-date entry point to the full richness of the subject. Originally published in French, and translated by the author's collaborator Carl Knappett, this edition makes Poursat's deep knowledge of the Aegean Bronze Age available to an English-language audience for the first time.
Translation Imperatives
Authors: Bush Ruth
Published: May 2022

This Element explores the politics of literary translation via case studies from the Heinemann African Writers Series and the work of twenty-first-century literary translators in Cameroon. It intervenes in debates concerning multilingualism, race and decolonization, as well as methodological discussion in African literary studies, world literature, comparative literature and translation studies. The task of translating African literary texts has developed according to political and socio-economic contexts. It has contributed to the consecration of a canon of African classics and fuelled polemics around African languages. Yet retranslation remains rare and early translations are frequently criticised. This Element's primary focus on the labour rather than craft or art of translation emphasises the material basis that underpins who gets to translate and how that embodied labour occurs within the process of book production and reception. The arguments draw on close readings, fresh archival material, interviews, and co-production and observation of literary translation workshops.
Representations of women and gender in DFID's development-security-counterterrorism nexus
Authors: Patel Sofia
Published: May 2022

In a post-9/11 environment, the Department for International Development (DFID) shifted its strategic focus towards an integrationist approach that aligned mainstream development programming with the national security agenda. A key part of those reforms was integrating counterterrorism – directly and indirectly – into DFID's portfolio. Using a feminist institutionalist approach, I examine how discourses about women, development, security, and counterterrorism are reproduced through a ‘development-security-counterterrorism nexus’.Within the nexus, DFID represents a key site for the production, reproduction, and evolution of gendered discursivepractices1about women. I argue that institutional evolution is possible through a process of discursive evolution where certain discourses become more or less engrained or ‘sedimented’2depending on the presence of alternative ideas and knowledges. The central research question askshow did gender-sensitive development work evolve after 9/11 and what factors influenced and shaped this evolution? The main findings were that as counterterrorism aims, objectives, and methods became more emphasised in UK development programming, a sense of institutional incoherence and poor strategic direction adversely affected how gender-sensitive programming was designed and implemented. Furthermore, I conclude that gendered development policy was largely based on assumptions rather than evidence, which negatively impacted how programmes were implemented.
Linear stability of a ferrofluid centred around a current-carrying wire
Authors: Ferguson Briggs S.H. , Mestel A.J.
Published: May 2022

Investigated first is the linear stability of a Newtonian ferrofluid centred on a rigid wire, surrounded by another ferrofluid with a different magnetic susceptibility. An electric current runs through the wire, generating an azimuthal magnetic field that produces a magnetic stress at the interface of the fluids. Three-dimensional disturbances to the system are considered, and the linearised Navier–Stokes equations are solved analytically in terms of an implicit expression for the growth rate of the disturbance. The growth rate is found numerically for arbitrary Reynolds number, and given explicitly in the inviscid and Stokes regimes. Investigated next is a ferrofluid whose magnetic susceptibility varies radially, centred on a rigid wire, subject to a non-uniform azimuthal field. It is proven that if the gradient of the susceptibility is positive anywhere in the fluid, then the system is linearly unstable. Moreover, it is proven that applying an axial field can stabilise disturbances for both continuous and discontinuous susceptibilities.
Accuracy and cost-effectiveness of the INDDEX24 Dietary Assessment Platform in Viet Nam
Authors: Coates Jennifer , Bell Winnie , Bakun Peter , Adams Katherine P. , Somé Jérome W. , Colaiezzi Brooke , Do Ha Thi Phuong , Rogers Beatrice
Published: May 2022

Technology-enabled approaches to conducting 24-h dietary recalls (24HR) may reduce dietary assessment bottlenecks in low-resource settings. However, few studies have assessed their performance relative to conventional pen-and-paper interview (PAPI) approaches and none have validated performance against a benchmark (e.g. weighed food record (WFR)) in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). This study assessed relative accuracy and cost-effectiveness of INDDEX24, a technology-enabled approach to conducting 24HR, compared with a PAPI approach and against an observer WFR. Women aged 18–49 years from northern Viet Nam (n234) were randomly assigned to be interviewed using INDDEX24 or PAPI 24HR following a WFR. The two one-sidedttest approach assessed the equivalence of each recall modality to the benchmark. Difference-in-differences analysis compared the recall-benchmark results across modalities. Cost per percentage point of accuracy for INDDEX24 and PAPI was derived from accuracy results and the cost to conduct the 24HR. The PAPI and INDDEX24 24HR were statistically equivalent to the WFR for all nutrients except vitamin A. INDDEX24 diverged significantly less than PAPI from the WFR for Fe (0·9v.−1·3 mg) and PAPI diverged less for protein (–3·7v.7·9 g). At the individual level, 26 % of PAPI and 32 % of INDDEX24 respondents had energy intakes within +/– 10 % of the WFR. INDDEX24 cost $111 004 and the PAPI cost $120 483 (USD 2019), making INDDEX24 more cost-effective across most indicators. INDDEX24 was an accurate and cost-effective method for assessing dietary intake in the study context and represents a preferred alternative to PAPI 24HR in Viet Nam and other LMIC.
C'est juste une blague ! Vraiment ? Quand l'humour et la religion alimentent les stéréotypes
Authors: Choquette Emmanuel
Published: May 2022

À partir d'une expérience s’étant déroulée au Québec auprès de plus de 200 personnes, cet article évalue dans quelle mesure l'humour peut alimenter les stéréotypes culturels et religieux. Si sur le plan des effets directs, les différences s'avèrent moins importantes, on remarque que le degré de participation religieuse joue un rôle significatif dans l'entretien d'une perception négative à l’égard des immigrants et de la communauté arabo-musulmane. Ce constat souligne la nécessité de considérer des facteurs modérateurs pour mesurer les impacts des diverses manifestations de la communication politique, dont l'humour, sur certaines attitudes liées à la diversité.
Spatiotemporal co-occurrence of predators and prey in a neotropical mammal community in southern Mexico
Authors: Galindo-Aguilar R. Elena , Luna-Olivera Beatriz Carely , Ramírez-Ibáñez Marcelino , Lavariega Mario C.
Published: May 2022

Predator-prey interactions are one of the central themes in ecology due to their importance as a key mechanism in structuring biotic communities. In the predator-prey systems, the behaviours of persecution and avoidance impact on the ecosystem dynamics as much as the trophic interactions. We aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal co-occurrences between prey and predators in a community of medium- and large-sized mammals in southern Mexico. We predict prey will avoid sites where a predator previously passed. Contrarily, we expect a search behaviour by predators and a synchronization in activity patterns among them. We found prey does not occur either in time or space where predators have passed, suggesting an avoidance behaviour. Contrary to our expectations, we did not find significant search behaviours from predators to prey. Synchronization in the daily temporal overlap between predators was higher (Δ = 0.77–0.82) than with their prey (Δ = 0.43 – 0.81). The results suggest prey perceives the risk of predation and displays avoidance behaviour both spatially and temporally, which is consistent with the fear theory. This study provides a complementary approach to understanding the behaviour mechanism between predators and prey through camera-trapping or similar data of spatiotemporal co-occurrences.
Tracking liquid savings at Pompeii: the coin hoard data
Authors: Bowes Kim
Published: May 2022

This article examines the newly published data on coin hoards from Pompeii, focusing on coins and other objects found on victims, and hoards from so-called savings boxes. Most of the work on savings or capital in the Roman world has focused on the size and composition of elite fortunes and the nature and extent of credit and monetization writ large. The article uses the Pompeii coin data set to examine the extent and nature of liquid savings held by a broader section of the population, including a substantial portion of non-elites. In doing so, it also makes some suggestions about the socioeconomic identity of those who failed to escape the town during the eruption.
The European Portuguese Posthumous Dignity Therapy Schedule of Questions: Initial development and validation
Authors: Julião Miguel , Chochinov Harvey , Antunes Bárbara , Samorinha Catarina , Faustino Cláudia , Lemos Caldas Mafalda , Bragança Ana , Vaz Marília
Published: May 2022

Objective

Dignity therapy (DT) is a brief psychotherapeutic intervention with beneficial effects in the end-of-life experience. Since it provides a continuing bond between the bereaved and their loved ones, we speculated that it could be offered as a novel bereavement intervention following the patient's death. We aimed to develop, translate, and validate the Posthumous DT Schedule of Questions (p-DT-SQ), for administration with bereaved relatives or friends.

Method

The original DT-SQ was adapted for application with bereaved relatives or friends. It was translated and back-translated to European Portuguese and revised by an expert committee. Content validity was assessed by the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC). The instrument was tested in a sample of 50 individuals from a large Senior Residence in Lisbon (10 elderly people and 40 healthcare professionals), who assessed face validity.

Results

The p-DT-SQ showed very good CVC (0.94) and face validity: it was considered clear, easy to understand, reasonable in length, and not difficult to answer. Participants felt comfortable answering the p-DT-SQ and felt it could positively affect the way themselves or others would remember their loved ones, allowing an understanding of the deceased's concerns, interests, and values.

Significance of results

We created and validated an adapted version of the DT-SQ to be used posthumously by bereaved family and friends. The European Portuguese version of the p-DT-SQ is clear, comprehensible, and aligned with the fundamentals of DT. While our data suggest its beneficial effects for those who are bereft, future research is needed to examine the impact of p-DT-SQ for those who are grieving.
The Heterogeneous Surface of Asteroid (16) Psyche
Authors: Cambioni Saverio , de Kleer Katherine , Shepard Michael
Published: May 2022

Main‐belt asteroid (16) Psyche is the largest M‐type asteroid, a class of object classically thought to be the metal cores of differentiated planetesimals and the parent bodies of the iron meteorites. de Kleer, Cambioni, and Shepard (2021, https://doi.org/10.3847/psj/ac01ec) presented new data from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), from which they derived a global best‐fit thermal inertia and dielectric constant for Psyche, proxies for regolith particle size, porosity, and/or metal content, and observed thermal anomalies that could not be explained by surface albedo variations only. Motivated by this, here we fit a model to the same ALMA data set that allows dielectric constant and thermal inertia to vary across the surface. We find that Psyche has a heterogeneous surface in both dielectric constant and thermal inertia but, intriguingly, we do not observe a direct correlation between these two properties over the surface. We explain the heterogeneity in dielectric constant as being due to variations in the relative abundance of metal and silicates. Furthermore, we observe that the lowlands of a large depression in Psyche's shape have distinctly lower thermal inertia than the surrounding highlands. We propose that the latter could be explained by a thin mantle of fine regolith, fractured bedrock, and/or implanted silicate‐rich materials covering an otherwise metal‐rich surface. All these scenarios are indicative of a collisionally evolved world.
Effects of Mass Wasting on the Physiochemical Properties of Fluvial Sediments in Puerto Rico Following Hurricane Maria
Authors: Webb N. D. S. , Regmi N. R. , Soreghan G. S. , Elwood Madden A. S. , Sylvester J. , Cartagena Colon F. , Demirel‐Floyd C. , Elwood Madden M. E.
Published: May 2022

Mass wasting plays an important role in carbon cycling and sequestration by exposing fresh bedrock and delivering hillslope sediments to lowlands and fluvial systems. Chemical weathering signatures of landslide‐derived fluvial sediments can be used to understand linkages between hillslope and fluvial processes and thus to characterize spatiotemporal dynamics of sediments. However, chemical signatures of fluvial sediments derived by landslides are yet to be fully understood. Here, we compare the bulk chemistry, mineralogy, and grain size of fluvial sediments collected pre‐ and post‐Hurricane Maria in the Rio Guayanés and Rio Guayabo watersheds in southeastern Puerto Rico to help fill this knowledge gap. Comparison of the mud fraction (<63 μm) of fluvial sediments collected before Hurricane Maria with similar mud fractions collected after the storm reveals that the post‐hurricane muds exhibit a wider range and higher average weathering index values, but coarser grain size modes. We infer that small landslides triggered by Hurricane Maria transported slope materials from shallow depths, including weathered topsoil and saprolite, as opposed to previous deep‐seated landslides, which likely sampled regolith and bedrock. Variances in weathering indices observed that pre‐ and post‐hurricanes do not necessarily reflect average climate signatures, but rather reflect subtle differences in a transport mechanism, which produce significant differences in weathering indices recorded by fluvial sediments. We propose that weathering indices provide a means to understand sediment dynamics in mountainous regions, particularly for sediment transported immediately after landslides triggered by extreme events, such as precipitation and earthquakes, and also provide important data sets required for mapping potential carbon sequestration across landscapes.
Global Geomagnetic Perturbation Forecasting Using Deep Learning
Authors: Upendran Vishal , Tigas Panagiotis , Ferdousi Banafsheh , Bloch Téo , Cheung Mark C. M. , Ganju Siddha , Bhatt Asti , McGranaghan Ryan M. , Gal Yarin
Published: May 2022

Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) arise from spatio‐temporal changes to Earth's magnetic field, which arise from the interaction of the solar wind with Earth's magnetosphere, and drive catastrophic destruction to our technologically dependent society. Hence, computational models to forecast GICs globally with large forecast horizon, high spatial resolution and temporal cadence are of increasing importance to perform prompt necessary mitigation. Since GIC data is proprietary, the time variability of the horizontal component of the magnetic field perturbation (dB/dt) is used as a proxy for GICs. In this work, we develop a fast, global dB/dt forecasting model, which forecasts 30 min into the future using only solar wind measurements as input. The model summarizes 2 hr of solar wind measurement using a Gated Recurrent Unit and generates forecasts of coefficients that are folded with a spherical harmonic basis to enable global forecasts. When deployed, our model produces results in under a second, and generates global forecasts for horizontal magnetic perturbation components at 1 min cadence. We evaluate our model across models in literature for two specific storms of 5 August 2011 and 17 March 2015, while having a self‐consistent benchmark model set. Our model outperforms, or has consistent performance with state‐of‐the‐practice high time cadence local and low time cadence global models, while also outperforming/having comparable performance with the benchmark models. Such quick inferences at high temporal cadence and arbitrary spatial resolutions may ultimately enable accurate forewarning of dB/dt for any place on Earth, resulting in precautionary measures to be taken in an informed manner.
Assembly and coherent control of a register of nuclear spin qubits
Authors: Barnes Katrina , Battaglino Peter , Bloom Benjamin J. , Cassella Kayleigh , Coxe Robin , Crisosto Nicole , King Jonathan P. , Kondov Stanimir S. , Kotru Krish , Larsen Stuart C. , Lauigan Joseph , Lester Brian J. , McDonald Mickey , Megidish Eli , Narayanaswami Sandeep , Nishiguchi Ciro , Notermans Remy , Peng Lucas S. , Ryou Albert , Wu Tsung-Yao , Yarwood Michael
Published: May 2022

The generation of a register of highly coherent, but independent, qubits is a prerequisite to performing universal quantum computation. Here we introduce a qubit encoded in two nuclear spin states of a single87Sr atom and demonstrate coherence approaching the minute-scale within an assembled register of individually-controlled qubits. While other systems have shown impressive coherence times through some combination of shielding, careful trapping, global operations, and dynamical decoupling, we achieve comparable coherence times while individually driving multiple qubits in parallel. We highlight that even with simultaneous manipulation of multiple qubits within the register, we observe coherence in excess of 105times the current length of the operations, with$${T}_{2}^{{{{{\mathrm{echo}}}}}}=\left(40\pm 7\right)$$T2echo=40±7seconds. We anticipate that nuclear spin qubits will combine readily with the technical advances that have led to larger arrays of individually trapped neutral atoms and high-fidelity entangling operations, thus accelerating the realization of intermediate-scale quantum information processors.
RNP components condense into repressive RNP granules in the aging brain
Authors: Pushpalatha Kavya Vinayan , Solyga Mathilde , Nakamura Akira , Besse Florence
Published: May 2022

Cytoplasmic RNP condensates enriched in mRNAs and proteins are found in various cell types and associated with both buffering and regulatory functions. While a clear link has been established between accumulation of aberrant RNP aggregates and progression of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, the impact of physiological aging on neuronal RNP condensates has never been explored. Through high-resolution imaging, we uncover that RNP components progressively cluster into large yet dynamic granules in the agingDrosophilabrain. We further show that age-dependent clustering is caused by an increase in the stoichiometry of the conserved helicase Me31B/DDX6, and requires PKA kinase activity. Finally, our functional analysis reveals that mRNA species recruited to RNP condensates upon aging exhibit age-dependent translational repression, indicating that co-clustering of selected mRNAs and translation regulators into repressive condensates may contribute to the specific post-transcriptional changes in gene expression observed in the course of aging.
SARS-CoV-2 infection results in immune responses in the respiratory tract and peripheral blood that suggest mechanisms of disease severity
Authors: Zhang Wuji , Chua Brendon Y. , Selva Kevin J. , Kedzierski Lukasz , Ashhurst Thomas M. , Haycroft Ebene R. , Shoffner-Beck Suzanne K. , Hensen Luca , Boyd David F. , James Fiona , Mouhtouris Effie , Kwong Jason C. , Chua Kyra Y. L. , Drewett George , Copaescu Ana , Dobson Julie E. , Rowntree Louise C. , Habel Jennifer R. , Allen Lilith F. , Koay Hui-Fern , Neil Jessica A. , Gartner Matthew J. , Lee Christina Y. , Andersson Patiyan , Khan Sadid F. , Blakeway Luke , Wisniewski Jessica , McMahon James H. , Vine Erica E. , Cunningham Anthony L. , Audsley Jennifer , Thevarajan Irani , Seemann Torsten , Sherry Norelle L. , Amanat Fatima , Krammer Florian , Londrigan Sarah L. , Wakim Linda M. , King Nicholas J. C. , Godfrey Dale I. , Mackay Laura K. , Thomas Paul G. , Nicholson Suellen , Arnold Kelly B. , Chung Amy W. , Holmes Natasha E. , Smibert Olivia C. , Trubiano Jason A. , Gordon Claire L. , Nguyen Thi H. O. , Kedzierska Katherine
Published: May 2022

Respiratory tract infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in varying immunopathology underlying COVID-19. We examine cellular, humoral and cytokine responses covering 382 immune components in longitudinal blood and respiratory samples from hospitalized COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM, IgG, IgA are detected in respiratory tract and blood, however, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgM and IgG seroconversion is enhanced in respiratory specimens. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity in respiratory samples correlates with RBD-specific IgM and IgG levels. Cytokines/chemokines vary between respiratory samples and plasma, indicating that inflammation should be assessed in respiratory specimens to understand immunopathology. IFN-α2 and IL-12p70 in endotracheal aspirate and neutralization in sputum negatively correlate with duration of hospital stay. Diverse immune subsets are detected in respiratory samples, dominated by neutrophils. Importantly, dexamethasone treatment does not affect humoral responses in blood of COVID-19 patients. Our study unveils differential immune responses between respiratory samples and blood, and shows how drug therapy affects immune responses during COVID-19.
Exciton transport in molecular organic semiconductors boosted by transient quantum delocalization
Authors: Giannini Samuele , Peng Wei-Tao , Cupellini Lorenzo , Padula Daniele , Carof Antoine , Blumberger Jochen
Published: May 2022

Designing molecular materials with very large exciton diffusion lengths would remove some of the intrinsic limitations of present-day organic optoelectronic devices. Yet, the nature of excitons in these materials is still not sufficiently well understood. Here we present Frenkel exciton surface hopping, an efficient method to propagate excitons through truly nano-scale materials by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation coupled to nuclear motion. We find a clear correlation between diffusion constant and quantum delocalization of the exciton. In materials featuring some of the highest diffusion lengths to date, e.g. the non-fullerene acceptor Y6, the exciton propagates via a transient delocalization mechanism, reminiscent to what was recently proposed for charge transport. Yet, the extent of delocalization is rather modest, even in Y6, and found to be limited by the relatively large exciton reorganization energy. On this basis we chart out a path for rationally improving exciton transport in organic optoelectronic materials.
Templated folding of the RTX domain of the bacterial toxin adenylate cyclase revealed by single molecule force spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Han , Chen Guojun , Li Hongbin
Published: May 2022

The RTX (repeats-in-toxin) domain of the bacterial toxin adenylate cyclase (CyaA) contains five RTX blocks (RTX-i to RTX-v) and its folding is essential for CyaA’s functions. It was shown that the C-terminal capping structure of RTX-v is critical for the whole RTX to fold. However, it is unknown how the folding signal transmits within the RTX domain. Here we use optical tweezers to investigate the interplay between the folding of RTX-iv and RTX-v. Our results show that RTX-iv alone is disordered, but folds into a Ca2+-loaded-β-roll structure in the presence of a folded RTX-v. Folding trajectories of RTX-iv-v reveal that the folding of RTX-iv is strictly conditional upon the folding of RTX-v, suggesting that the folding of RTX-iv is templated by RTX-v. This templating effect allows RTX-iv to fold rapidly, and provides significant mutual stabilization. Our study reveals a possible mechanism for transmitting the folding signal within the RTX domain.
Production of a hybrid capacitive storage device via hydrogen gas and carbon electrodes coupling
Authors: Zhu Zhengxin , Liu Zaichun , Yin Yichen , Yuan Yuan , Meng Yahan , Jiang Taoli , Peng Qia , Wang Weiping , Chen Wei
Published: May 2022

Conventional electric double-layer capacitors are energy storage devices with a high specific power and extended cycle life. However, the low energy content of this class of devices acts as a stumbling block to widespread adoption in the energy storage field. To circumvent the low-energy drawback of electric double-layer capacitors, here we report the assembly and testing of a hybrid device called electrocatalytic hydrogen gas capacitor containing a hydrogen gas negative electrode and a carbon-based positive electrode. This device operates using pH-universal aqueous electrolyte solutions (i.e., from 0 to 14) in a wide temperature range (i.e., from − 70 °C to 60 °C). In particular, we report specific energy and power of 45 Wh kg−1 and 458 W kg−1 (both values based on the electrodes’ active materials mass), respectively, at 1 A g−1 and 25 °C with 9 M H3PO4 electrolyte solution. The device also enables capacitance retention of 85% (final capacitance of about 114 F g−1) after 100,000 cycles at 10 A g−1 and 25 °C with 1 M phosphate buffer electrolyte solution.
Reactive halogens increase the global methane lifetime and radiative forcing in the 21st century
Authors: Li Qinyi , Fernandez Rafael P. , Hossaini Ryan , Iglesias-Suarez Fernando , Cuevas Carlos A. , Apel Eric C. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Lamarque Jean-François , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso
Published: May 2022

CH4is the most abundant reactive greenhouse gas and a complete understanding of its atmospheric fate is needed to formulate mitigation policies. Current chemistry-climate models tend to underestimate the lifetime of CH4, suggesting uncertainties in its sources and sinks. Reactive halogens substantially perturb the budget of tropospheric OH, the main CH4loss. However, such an effect of atmospheric halogens is not considered in existing climate projections of CH4burden and radiative forcing. Here, we demonstrate that reactive halogen chemistry increases the global CH4lifetime by 6–9% during the 21st century. This effect arises from significant halogen-mediated decrease, mainly by iodine and bromine, in OH-driven CH4loss that surpasses the direct Cl-induced CH4sink. This increase in CH4lifetime helps to reduce the gap between models and observations and results in a greater burden and radiative forcing during this century. The increase in CH4burden due to halogens (up to 700 Tg or 8% by 2100) is equivalent to the observed atmospheric CH4growth during the last three to four decades. Notably, the halogen-driven enhancement in CH4radiative forcing is 0.05 W/m2at present and is projected to increase in the future (0.06 W/m2by 2100); such enhancement equals ~10% of present-day CH4radiative forcing and one-third of N2O radiative forcing, the third-largest well-mixed greenhouse gas. Both direct (Cl-driven) and indirect (via OH) impacts of halogens should be included in future CH4projections.