bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Original vs. non‐original abutments for screw‐retained single implant crowns: An in vitro evaluation of internal fit, mechanical behaviour and screw loosening
Authors: Alonso‐Pérez Raquel , Bartolomé José F. , Ferreiroa Alberto , Salido María P. , Pradíes Guillermo
Published: December 2018

Objectives

To assess the internal accuracy, mechanical behaviour under static load and screw loosening before and after cyclic loading of implant‐supported crowns restored with original components or with two compatible non‐original brands.

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐three dental implants were divided into three groups (n = 21 each): Group 1 used original components, and groups 2 and 3 used non‐original components. Internal accuracy was measured throughout a cross section of the sample groups (n = 8) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the fit for implant–abutments, implant–crowns and crown–abutments. To evaluate load‐bearing capacity, eight samples from each group were loaded until fracture according to ISO Norm 14801. The removal torque value (RTV) was evaluated in the screws connecting the crown with the abutment and the abutment with the implant before and after cyclic loading (2 x 106 cycles) in five samples from each group. The data were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05).

Results

Statistically significant differences were found among the mean crown–abutment gaps measured in Group 1 (9.3 μm), Group 2 (45.4 μm) and Group 3 (44.9 μm). Higher values for mean load‐bearing capacity were found in Group 1 (1,098 N) than in groups 2 and 3 (1,057 and 973 N, respectively); however, these differences were not statistically significant. Original abutment–implant screws exhibited lower percentages of torque reduction than the non‐originals.

Conclusions

Enhanced fit is expected when original components are used. The original abutments exhibited lower percentages of torque reduction after cyclic loading than non‐originals.
Family‐provider consensus outcomes for children with medical complexity
Authors: Fayed Nora , Guttmann Astrid , Chiu Allison , Gardecki Meghan , Orkin Julia , Hamid Jemila S , Major Nathalie , Lim Audrey , Cohen Eyal
Published: December 2018

Aim

To describe the process of obtaining consensus of outcome priorities between families of children with medical complexity (CMC) and their healthcare providers (HCPs) for the purpose of evaluating changes to service delivery.

Method

The consensus of outcomes involved surveying families of CMC and HCPs and an in‐person consensus meeting. Priorities were obtained from the survey using a stratified ranking approach ensuring equal representation among unequally sized subgroups. An in‐person meeting was held using the survey results to inform Delphi voting.

Results

Families of CMC (n=40) and HCPs (n=74) responded to the survey. Consensus generated three main target areas (child health, family health, experience of care) covered by 15 specific outcomes needed to evaluate care. Differences between family and HCP perceptions of importance were found for child self‐care, play, social skills, and recreation as well as emotional health (for both parent and child) outcomes.

Interpretation

Families of CMC and HCPs identified common priorities for outcome evaluation of CMC initiatives. Outcomes that differ in importance between families of CMC and HCPs should be studied further.

What this paper adds

Families of children with medical complexity and their providers can reach consensus on important outcomes.

Stratifying subgroups ensures diverse representation, which is important to outcome prioritization.
A randomized, multicentre trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of fast‐acting insulin aspart in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in adults with type 1 diabetes (onset 5)
Authors: Klonoff David C. , Evans Mark L. , Lane Wendy , Kempe Hans‐Peter , Renard Eric , DeVries J. Hans , Graungaard Tina , Hyseni Agon , Gondolf Theis , Battelino Tadej
Published: December 2018

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fast‐acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) vs insulin aspart (IAsp) used in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Materials and Methods

This was a double‐blind, treat‐to‐target, randomized, 16‐week trial investigating CSII treatment with faster aspart (n = 236) or IAsp (n = 236). All available information, regardless of treatment discontinuation, was used for the evaluation of effect.

Results

Faster aspart was non‐inferior to IAsp regarding the change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; primary endpoint). The mean HbA1c changed from 58.4 mmol/mol (7.5%) at baseline to 57.8 mmol/mol (7.4%) with faster aspart and to 56.8 mmol/mol (7.4%) with IAsp after 16 weeks' treatment, with an estimated treatment difference (ETD) of 1.0 mmol/mol (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14; 1.87) or 0.09% (95% CI 0.01; 0.17; P < 0.001) for non‐inferiority (0.4% margin; P < 0.02 for statistical significance in favour of IAsp). Faster aspart was superior to IAsp in change from baseline in 1‐hour postprandial glucose (PPG) increment after a meal test (ETD −0.91 mmol/L [95% CI −1.43; −0.39] or −16.4 mg/dL [95% CI −25.7; −7.0]; P = 0.001), with statistically significant reductions also at 30 minutes and 2 hours. The improvement in PPG was reflected in the change from baseline in 1‐hour interstitial glucose increment after all meals (ETD −0.21 mmol/L [95% CI −0.31; −0.11] or −3.77 mg/dL [95% CI −5.53; −2.01]). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall rate of severe or blood glucose‐confirmed hypoglycaemia (estimated rate ratio 1.00 [95% CI 0.85; 1.16]). A numerical imbalance in severe hypoglycaemic episodes between faster aspart and IAsp was seen in the treatment (21 vs 7) and 4‐week run‐in periods (4 vs 0).

Conclusions

Faster aspart provides an effective and safe option for CSII treatment in T1D.
THE EFFECT OF INCENTIVE‐INDUCED RETIREMENT ON SPOUSAL RETIREMENT RATES: EVIDENCE FROM A NATURAL EXPERIMENT
Authors: Bloemen Hans , Hochguertel Stefan , Zweerink Jochem
Published: December 2018

We identify, quantify, and explain the impact of incentive‐induced early retirement (ER) of husbands on their wives' probability to retire within 1 year, using administrative data from the Netherlands. Our identification strategy is based on a policy intervention by which targeted individuals working at the central government level became unexpectedly and temporarily eligible for very generous ER benefits. This retirement window of opportunity implied for interested workers that transitions from the current job into full retirement had to be effected swiftly and irreversibly. We find that induced ER of husbands increased their wives' probability to retire by 10 percentage points. This is a strong and robust local average treatment effect. Partly, the effect runs through wives at ages when they may have been eligible for ER programs themselves. (JEL C26, J26, J120, J140)
The diversity of population responses to environmental change
Authors: Colchero Fernando , Jones Owen R. , Conde Dalia A. , Hodgson David , Zajitschek Felix , Schmidt Benedikt R. , Malo Aurelio F. , Alberts Susan C. , Becker Peter H. , Bouwhuis Sandra , Bronikowski Anne M. , De Vleeschouwer Kristel M. , Delahay Richard J. , Dummermuth Stefan , Fernández‐Duque Eduardo , Frisenvænge John , Hesselsøe Martin , Larson Sam , Lemaître Jean‐François , McDonald Jennifer , Miller David A.W. , O'Donnell Colin , Packer Craig , Raboy Becky E. , Reading Chris J. , Wapstra Erik , Weimerskirch Henri , While Geoffrey M. , Baudisch Annette , Flatt Thomas , Coulson Tim , Gaillard Jean‐Michel
Published: December 2018

The current extinction and climate change crises pressure us to predict population dynamics with ever‐greater accuracy. Although predictions rest on the well‐advanced theory of age‐structured populations, two key issues remain poorly explored. Specifically, how the age‐dependency in demographic rates and the year‐to‐year interactions between survival and fecundity affect stochastic population growth rates. We use inference, simulations and mathematical derivations to explore how environmental perturbations determine population growth rates for populations with different age‐specific demographic rates and when ages are reduced to stages. We find that stage‐ vs. age‐based models can produce markedly divergent stochastic population growth rates. The differences are most pronounced when there are survival‐fecundity‐trade‐offs, which reduce the variance in the population growth rate. Finally, the expected value and variance of the stochastic growth rates of populations with different age‐specific demographic rates can diverge to the extent that, while some populations may thrive, others will inevitably go extinct.
Relative Cost Effectiveness of In‐Person and Internet Interventions for Relationship Distress
Authors: Georgia Salivar Emily J. , Rothman Karen , Roddy McKenzie K. , Doss Brian D.
Published: December 2018

While the efficacy of couple therapy has been repeatedly demonstrated, most distressed couples do not seek treatment. To improve reach and overcome barriers to therapy, Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) was translated into a web‐based program, OurRelationship (OR). While both IBCT and OR have been shown to improve relationship and individual functioning, the goal of the present study was to compare the relative cost effectiveness of these two treatment modalities. In IBCT, 74% of couples experienced reliable improvement, compared to 55% of couples in OR. Within‐group Cohen's d effect sizes during treatment for relationship satisfaction were d = 0.87 for IBCT and d = 0.96 for OR. Relative cost effectiveness analyses revealed that even at the highest expense estimates for OR and the lowest expense estimates for IBCT, OR was more cost effective in creating reliable improvement once at least 229 couples were served and was more cost effective in creating large‐size effects once at least 153 couples were served. Cost‐effectiveness increases for both IBCT and OR as more couples are served; however, this cost savings occurs at a much more rapid rate for OR. These findings demonstrate that despite higher initial development costs, Internet programs are a cost‐effective option for dissemination either as a stand‐alone service or as an initial intervention in a stepped care model with more intensive in‐person services.
Enrichment of chips with fibre from a tiger‐nut (Cyperus esculentus) milk co‐product at ‘source of fibre foods’ and ‘high fibre content foods’ levels: impact on processing, physico‐chemical and sensory properties
Authors: Alava Cecibel , Verdú Samuel , Barat José M. , Grau Raúl
Published: December 2018

The impact of integrating a tiger‐nut milk co‐product into the wheat chip production process for enriching fibre content to meet European recommendations for ‘source of fibre foods’ and ‘high fibre content foods’ was studied. Four different flours, based on their composition and particle size, were obtained from the co‐product. Wheat flour was substituted at the 5%, 10% and 20% levels with the co‐product, and the processing, physico‐chemical and sensory properties of chip were studied. In the baking phase, mass loss was more marked for the substituted samples (42%) than the control (34%), but differences diminished after the tempering time (33%) by absorbing moisture from the environment. This effect was related to the increased chips surface (≈43%) in the forming phase because dough retraction decreased. The co‐product as a fibre source produced alterations to chip processing and its physico‐chemical properties should be taken into account. However, chips positively impacted consumer acceptability.
The enhancement of gastrointestinal digestibility of β‐LG by dynamic high‐pressure microfluidization to reduce its antigenicity
Authors: Chen Hao , Hong Qitong , Zhong Junzhen , Zhou Lei , Liu Wei , Luo Shunjing , Liu Chengmei
Published: December 2018

Dynamic high‐pressure microfluidization (DHPM) can increase the antigenicity of β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG) in previous researches. We observed in this study that the antigenicity of DHPM‐modified β‐LG at pressures of 0.1, 80 and 160 MPa after in vitro digestion declined from 13.41 to 12.27 and 7.19 μg mL−1, gradually. The enhancement of gastrointestinal digestibility of β‐LG was related to the aggregation state and conformational changes induced by DHPM and was reflected by the electrophoretic bands of low molecular weight (5 and 10 kDa) shown in electrophoresis, the reduction of particle size, the generation of smaller peptide fragments (m/z 837.444, 955.492 and 1215.616) detected by mass spectrum and the increase in surface hydrophobicity. These changes contributed to the decrease in antigenicity. Simultaneously, a schematic diagram was proposed to demonstrate the conceivable mechanism of antigenicity changes of modified β‐LG after in vitro digestion.
Does Country Context Matter? Sub‐Saharan and North African Immigrants’ Labour Market Outcomes in France and Spain
Authors: Tesfai Rebbeca
Published: December 2018

European debates on immigrant integration focus on employment because of its implications for assimilation. Although studies show that Sub‐Saharan African immigrants are most disadvantaged across Europe, cross‐national analyses do not examine labour force participation (LFP) or control for selection into the labour force before estimating employment, calling these results into question. Furthermore, studies rarely discuss visible minority status or gender making it unclear whether (1) country‐context matters for African LFP and employment and (2) visible minority status matters differently by gender. I use French and Spanish census data to determine whether Sub‐Saharan Africans are most disadvantaged in new and traditional receiving countries. My results indicate that country‐context matters, but previous employment findings likely reflect variation in LFP. Despite smaller penalties to migration characteristics in Spain, Sub‐Saharan African men are the only group significantly less likely to be employed in Spain, indicating that they experience unique barriers to job access.
Impact of diabetes on clinical periodontal outcomes following non‐surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Hsu Yung‐Ting , Nair Maya , Angelov Nikola , Lalla Evanthia , Lee Chun‐Teh
Published: December 2018

Aim

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes of non‐surgical periodontal therapy.

Materials and Methods

Searches were conducted in electronic databases to screen studies published from January 1960 to August 2018. The included studies had at least two groups of patients: chronic periodontitis only (P) or both diabetes and chronic periodontitis (DMP). Outcomes of interest included the difference between the two groups in probing depth (PD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain following non‐surgical periodontal therapy. Meta‐regression was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the outcomes of interest and contributing factors.

Results

A total of 12 studies with a follow‐up period up to 6 months were included. There was no significant difference in PD reduction (p = 0.55) or CAL gain (p = 0.65) between the two groups. A positive association between PD reduction and baseline PD difference (p = 0.03), and a negative association between PD reduction and age (p = 0.04) were found. The level of HbA1c at baseline did not significantly affect the difference in PD reduction (p = 0.39) or CAL gain (p = 0.44) between two groups.

Conclusions

Recognizing the study's limitations, we conclude that diabetes mellitus (HbA1c ≤ 8.5%) does not appear to significantly affect short‐term clinical periodontal outcomes of non‐surgical periodontal treatment.
Genetic and environmental contributions to the association between mood disorder and periodontal disease: A cross‐sectional study among female twins in the UK
Authors: Kurushima Yuko , Bowyer Ruth , Ide Mark , Hughes Francis J. , Steves Claire J.
Published: December 2018

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with periodontal traits considering genetic and environmental background in predominantly older female twins.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study using self‐reported questionnaires for periodontal traits in TwinsUK. Age‐adjusted and age‐stratified multivariate analyses were conducted for all twins. Subsequently, co‐twin control analysis within genetically identical twins who were discordant for periodontal traits was performed by controlling for genetic confounders.

Results

Data of twins aged 20–91 were available in 4,143 individuals for self‐reported periodontitis and 4,244 for gum bleeding. Age‐adjusted model showed increasing risk in the following: smoking, anxiety/stress and depression for both periodontal traits. Within discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins (514 individuals for periodontitis and 754 for gum bleeding), the association of anxiety/stress remained significant for both periodontitis (OR 1.60, CI: 1.02–2.52) and gum bleeding (OR 1.60, CI: 1.06–2.40). A significant relationship for depression remained for periodontitis (OR 1.68, CI: 1.04–2.70), but it was no longer significant for gum bleeding. Age stratification showed that the association of mood disorders with periodontal traits was generally stronger in older group.

Conclusions

Multivariate analysis among discordant MZ female twins found mood disorders were independently associated with periodontal traits, suggesting that genetic/early‐life environmental factors may not explain this association.
The Competing Risk of Death in Longitudinal Geriatric Outcomes
Authors: Murphy Terrence E. , Gill Thomas M. , Leo‐Summers Linda S. , Gahbauer Evelyne A. , Pisani Margaret A. , Ferrante Lauren E.
Published: December 2018

Objectives

To address the competing risk of death in longitudinal studies of older persons, we demonstrate sensitivity analyses that evaluate robustness of associations between exposures and three outcome types: dichotomous, count, and time to event.

Design

A secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study.

Setting

Community‐based data from the Precipitating Events Project in New Haven, CT.

Participants

Persons 70 years and older who were initially community dwelling and without disability in the four basic activities of daily living (N = 754).

Measurements

Missing outcome values from decedents were multiply imputed under different scenarios. Three outcomes were examined: dichotomous fall‐related hospitalization (FRH); a count (0‐13) of total disability in each of the 6 months after discharge; and days to functional recovery among those whose disability worsened in the hospital. Each outcome had a different exposure: for dichotomous, indicators of being overweight or obese; for count, frailty from the Fried phenotype (0‐5, where not frail = 0, prefrail = 1‐2, and frail = 3‐5); for days to recovery, vision impairment.

Results

For FRH, being overweight or obese lost significance when decedents were kept in the risk pool without outcome events for over 10 years. For disability count and time to recovery, with follow‐up of 6 months, exposures only lost significance under highly implausible clinical scenarios.

Conclusion

This method facilitates evaluation of potential bias from the competing risk of death in longitudinal studies for nondeath outcomes that are not necessarily time to event. Results suggest that death introduces substantive bias when long‐term follow‐up results in cumulatively high levels of mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:357–362, 2019.
Cryptococcus gattii infection complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in three apparently immunocompetent children
Authors: O'Brien Matthew P , Ford Timothy J , Currie Bart J , Francis Joshua R
Published: December 2018

Background

Paediatric Cryptococcus gattii disease is rare, with only two previous cases recorded in the Northern Territory (NT) over the last 54 years. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a recognised complication of C. gattii infection, even in the absence of an identified immunodeficiency syndrome; however, limited paediatric data exist. We present a series of three paediatric patients treated for C. gattii infection in the NT during 2016/2017.

Case Discussions

All three cases were males aged 8–13 years at the time of presentation. Two were Aboriginal Australians from remote NT communities, and the third was a Timorese child from a remote district in Timor‐Leste. All cases had evidence of brain cryptococcomas, and two had associated pulmonary lesions. Each child was treated with a 6‐week induction phase of intravenous liposomal amphotericin and flucytosine and then continued on a 2‐year course of eradication oral fluconazole. Persistent high intracranial pressure (ICP) complicated each case, requiring serial lumbar punctures and, in two cases, insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunts. All three cases were diagnosed with IRIS between 5 and 10 weeks after commencement of antifungal treatment and were managed with high‐dose corticosteroids, which were weaned slowly (6–20 months post‐commencement).

Conclusions

Paediatric C. gattii disease is rare, although three recent cases in the NT highlight some of the challenges involved in managing the infection, including persistent raised ICP and complications such as IRIS. There is a need for further collaborative research into paediatric C. gattii disease.
HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL AND PALAEO‐DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF LACUSTRINE SOURCE ROCKS: MIDDLE JURASSIC SHIMENGOU FORMATION, NORTHERN QAIDAM BASIN, NW CHINA
Authors: Meng Q. T. , Bechtel A. , Sachsenhofer R. F. , Liu Z. J. , Gross D. , Sun P. C. , Hu F. , Li L. , Wang K. B , Xu C. , Chen L. L. , Zeng W. R.
Published: December 2018

The Middle Jurassic Shimengou Formation in the Qaidam Basin, NW China, includes coals and lacustrine source rocks which locally reach oil shale quality (i.e. yielding >3.5 % oil on low‐temperature distillation). In the present study, the palaeo‐depositional environment and hydrocarbon potential of the 84.5 m thick Shale Member of the Shimengou Formation are investigated based on bulk geochemical parameters, organic petrographic data, biomarker analysis, and stable isotope geochemistry of 88 core samples.

The Shale Member was deposited in an anoxic freshwater lake which formed following the drowning of a precursor low‐lying mire. Variations in bulk geochemical parameters allow four informal units to be identified, referred to (from the base up) as Units 1 to 4. These contain intervals of oil shale of varying thicknesses. In Unit 1, mudstones in the interval referred to as oil shale Layer 1 (true thickness [TD]: 2.06 m) are OM‐rich as a result of algal blooms and photic zone anoxia, and correspond to an initial flooding event. Subsequently, productivity of aquatic organisms decreased, resulting in the deposition of organic‐lean mudstones in Unit 2. Oil shale Layers 2 (TD: 2.03 m) and 3 (TD: 8.03 m) near the base of Unit 3 were deposited during maximum water depths. As with Layer 1, high productivity by algal blooms resulted in photic zone anoxia in a stratified water column. The shales in the upper part of Unit 3 are characterized by high TOC contents and a gradual increased input of terrigenous OM, and were deposited in a stable semi‐deep lake. Finally, organic‐lean mudstones in Unit 4 were deposited in shallow lacustrine conditions. The reconstruction of depositional environments in thick, non‐marine shale‐rich successions by mineralogical, petrographic and inorganic geochemical methods may be challenging as a result of the homogenous composition of component mudstones. The results of this study indicate, however, that sub‐division and basin‐wide correlation of such intervals can be achieved by organic geochemical analyses.

Oil shales and organic‐rich mudstones in Units 1 and 3 of the Shimengou Formation Shale Member are excellent oil‐prone source‐rocks with a Source Potential Index of 3.2 t HC/m2. Considering the large area covered by the Shimengou Formation in the northern Qaidam Basin (∼34,000 km2), the results of this study highlight the regional significance for future petroleum exploration. They indicate that variations in organic productivity and dilution by minerals are key factors controlling the abundance and type of organic matter in the formation. An understanding of these factors will assist with the identification of exploration targets.
Multiple chromosomal rearrangements in a hybrid zone betweenLittorina saxatilisecotypes
Authors: Faria Rui , Chaube Pragya , Morales Hernán E. , Larsson Tomas , Lemmon Alan R. , Lemmon Emily M. , Rafajlović Marina , Panova Marina , Ravinet Mark , Johannesson Kerstin , Westram Anja M. , Butlin Roger K.
Published: December 2018

Both classical and recent studies suggest that chromosomal inversion polymorphisms are important in adaptation and speciation. However, biases in discovery and reporting of inversions make it difficult to assess their prevalence and biological importance. Here, we use an approach based on linkage disequilibrium among markers genotyped for samples collected across a transect between contrasting habitats to detect chromosomal rearrangements de novo. We report 17 polymorphic rearrangements in a single locality for the coastal marine snail,Littorina saxatilis. Patterns of diversity in the field and of recombination in controlled crosses provide strong evidence that at least the majority of these rearrangements are inversions. Most show clinal changes in frequency between habitats, suggestive of divergent selection, but only one appears to be fixed for different arrangements in the two habitats. Consistent with widespread evidence for balancing selection on inversion polymorphisms, we argue that a combination of heterosis and divergent selection can explain the observed patterns and should be considered in other systems spanning environmental gradients.
Characterization of the atypical Ppz/Hal3 phosphatase system from the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Zhang Chunyi , García‐Rodas Rocío , Molero Cristina , de Oliveira Haroldo Cesar , Tabernero Lydia , Reverter David , Zaragoza Oscar , Ariño Joaquín
Published: December 2018

Ppz Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (PPases) are found only in fungi and have been proposed as potential antifungal targets. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ppz1 (ScPpz1) is involved in regulation of monovalent cation homeostasis. ScPpz1 is inhibited by two regulatory proteins, Hal3 and Vhs3, which have moonlighting properties, contributing to the formation of an unusual heterotrimeric PPC decarboxylase (PPCDC) complex crucial for CoA biosynthesis. Here we report the functional characterization of CnPpz1 (CNAG_03673) and two possible Hal3‐like proteins, CnHal3a (CNAG_00909) and CnHal3b (CNAG_07348) from the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. Deletion of CnPpz1 or CnHal3b led to phenotypes unrelated to those observed in the equivalent S. cerevisiae mutants, and the CnHal3b‐deficient strain was less virulent. CnPpz1 is a functional PPase and partially replaced endogenous ScPpz1. Both CnHal3a and CnHal3b interact with ScPpz1 and CnPpz1 in vitro but do not inhibit their phosphatase activity. Consistently, when expressed in S. cerevisiae, they poorly reproduced the Ppz1‐regulatory properties of ScHal3. In contrast, both proteins were functional monogenic PPCDCs. The CnHal3b isoform was crystallized and, for the first time, the 3D‐structure of a fungal PPCDC elucidated. Therefore, our work provides the foundations for understanding the regulation and functional role of the Ppz1‐Hal3 system in this important pathogenic fungus.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound for identifying circulatory complications after liver transplants in children
Authors: Torres Alvaro , Koskinen Seppo K. , Gjertsen Henrik , Fischler Björn
Published: December 2018

Our main goal with this study was to share our off‐label experience with CEUS for identifying circulatory complications after liver transplantation in children. A total of 74 CEUS examinations performed on 34 pediatric patients who underwent a liver transplant were retrospectively included. About 53% of the examinations were performed on children 2 years old or younger. About 82% of the examinations were performed within 30 days from the transplant. About 62% of patients were transplanted due to a cholestatic disease, 11% due to a metabolic disease, 8% were re‐transplanted due to graft failure, and 19% was due to other conditions. BA was the most common reason for transplantation and represented 38% of patients. About 38% of the transplantations were performed with whole grafts from DD, 40% with split liver grafts, and 22% with left lateral segments from LD. For diagnosing arterial circulatory complications, the PPV was 80%. For diagnosing portal vein circulatory complications, the PPV was 66.7%. NPV was 100%. In 28% of the examinations, the examiner could not visualize the normal arterial blood flow without CEUS. CEUS is a non‐invasive and safe imaging technique that seems valuable in these patients and further efforts are needed to license its use in the post‐transplant setting.
PairClone: A Bayesian Subclone Caller Based on Mutation Pairs
Authors: Zhou Tianjian , Müller Peter , Sengupta Subhajit , Ji Yuan
Published: December 2018

Tumour cell populations can be thought of as a composition of heterogeneous cell subpopulations, with each subpopulation being characterized by overlapping sets of single-nucleotide variants. Such subpopulations are known as subclones and are an important target for precision medicine. Reconstructing subclones from next generation sequencing data is one of the major challenges in computational biology. We present PairClone as a new tool to implement this reconstruction. The main idea of PairClone is to model short reads mapped to pairs of proximal single-nucleotide variants, which we refer to as mutation pairs. In contrast, other existing methods use only marginal reads for unpaired single-nucleotide variants. Using Bayesian non-parametric models, we estimate posterior probabilities of the number, genotypes and population frequencies of subclones in one or more tumour sample. We use the categorical Indian buffet process as a prior probability model for subclones. Column vectors of categorical matrices record the corresponding sets of mutation pairs for subclones. The performance of PairClone is assessed by using simulated and real data sets with a comparison with existing methods. An open-source software package can be obtained from http://www.compgenome.org/pairclone.
The contribution of emotion knowledge, language ability, and maternal emotion socialization style to explaining toddlers’ emotion regulation
Authors: Ornaghi Veronica , Pepe Alessandro , Agliati Alessia , Grazzani Ilaria
Published: December 2018

In this study, we set out to advance understanding of the association between emotion knowledge (EK) and emotion regulation (ER) in toddlerhood, by innovatively examining a model that simultaneously takes into account both individual factors, such as age, gender, and language ability, and contextual factors, such as maternal emotion socialization styles (coaching vs. dismissing). Participants were 242 toddlers (141 girls; Mage = 28.79 months, SD = 3.48) and their mothers (Mage = 35.60 years; SD = 4.95). We evaluated children’s language ability and ER via parent‐report questionnaires, assessing their EK via a direct measure individually administered at the nursery. The mothers also completed a questionnaire on their own emotion socialization style. Children’s EK was positively correlated with their ER skills as reported by their parents. Structural equation modeling showed that emotion‐dismissing maternal behaviors were significantly negatively associated with toddlers’ emotional competencies whereas maternal emotion‐coaching styles were significantly positively associated with higher levels of these competences. Finally, language ability was positively associated with ER. We discuss the theoretical and educational implications of these outcomes, as well as potential new lines of inquiry.
Quality, qualifications, and the market: Procuring interpretation services in the context of the “refugee crisis”
Authors: Sarter E. K. , Karamanidou Lena
Published: December 2018

Contracting of services has become increasingly important over the last few decades. Against this background, public contracts play an indispensable role in setting standards for services as well as in the regulation of labour. This article explores public tendering strategies for a specific service, interpretation in the context of asylum and international protection. Based on an empirical study of tendering strategies of two public agencies in Greece, it analyses core issues related to working conditions and service quality, namely, the importance given to the price and the use of stipulations relating to working conditions and qualifications. The findings reveal that even under high budgetary constraints, individual agencies may seek to strategically counteract a price‐driven competition and point to the importance of the structure of the market as an external constraint.
Personality and Voting for a Right‐Wing Populist Party – Evidence from Switzerland
Authors: Ackermann Kathrin , Zampieri Eros , Freitag Markus
Published: December 2018

Many established democracies are currently challenged by populist parties and movements. Switzerland is a particularly interesting case because it has an established right‐wing populist party that is part of the governmental coalition on a regular basis: the Swiss People's Party (SVP). We study the electoral success of theSVPfrom a psychological perspective and argue that dispositions captured by the Big Five personality traits are related to voting for theSVP. Analyzing data from the Swiss Electoral Study (Selects) 2015, we find support for a negative relationship between openness to experience and agreeableness and voting for theSVPas well as a positive relationship between conscientiousness and extraversion and voting for this right‐wing populist party. Additional analyses indicate that attitudes toward immigration mediate these relationships to some degree. Agreeableness and conscientiousness are, however, still systematically related to voting for theSVPwhen attitudinal factors are controlled for.
Resource conflicts and the anthropology of the dark and the good in highlands Papua New Guinea
Authors: Jacka Jerry K.
Published: December 2018

In this article I consider why individuals sacrifice their lives for the collective. In the Porgera Valley of highlands Papua New Guinea, young men who are called ‘Rambos’ engage in sustained tribal conflicts due to increasing social inequalities in an area that is supposedly benefiting from socioeconomic development. The opening of the Porgera Gold Mine in 1990 ushered in an era of anticipated benefits that were hoped to transform the lives of the region's subsistence horticulturalists. Yet, anticipated flows of mining money and social benefits have largely failed to materialise. The abjection experienced by young men eventuated into a series of tribal fights, resulting in deaths, displacements, and the destruction of most infrastructure. I examine the fighting and its aftermath in relation to anthropologies of the dark and the good and argue that these polar opposites can hinder more subtle understandings of value plurality among Porgerans.
Finding the good: Reactive modernity among the Gebusi, in the Pacific, and elsewhere
Authors: Knauft Bruce
Published: December 2018

Conditions of being left behind in economic and political terms are keenly felt in many areas of Melanesia and the wider Pacific Islands—as is more generally the case in many developing and also developed countries. Insofar as modern expectations portend a future that should be improving, it is unsurprising that modern expectations or entitlements are throttled by economic and political downturns across many cultural and class conditions. Ensuing circumstances are not so much ‘post’ modern—since ideals of modern progress are not given up—as they are ‘reactively’ modern in cultural terms. In this context, a poignant and longstanding sense of backwardness in many areas of the insular Pacific arguably provides a cultural bellwether of increasingly widespread perceptions and reactions elsewhere. Among the Gebusi of Papua New Guinea prolonged economic downturn under conditions of marginality and remoteness has thrown people back on their own material and cultural resources. Despite a general absence of cash economy, monetisation or fiscalisation of ‘work’ increasingly orchestrates social relations. So, too, in the absence of government presence, police, or courts, mechanisms of dispute mediation have become locally developed and effectively elaborated, including through rhetorics of monetary compensation that were previously undeveloped in indigenous contexts of person‐for‐person exchange both in marriage and in death. In selected ways, reactive modernity among Gebusi has features that seem salutary—evoking an ‘anthropology of the good’—despite and even because of Gebusi's politicoeconomic marginality. Drawing on work by Ortner, Robbins, and others, the larger relevance of this development reframes the relevance of Dark Anthropology and an Anthropology of the Good.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography is a feasible technique for quantifying hepatic microvascular perfusion in dogs with extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts
Authors: Tamura Masahiro , Ohta Hiroshi , Nisa Khoirun , Osuga Tatsuyuki , Sasaki Noboru , Morishita Keitaro , Takiguchi Mitsuyoshi
Published: December 2018

Extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt is a vascular anomaly that connects the portal vein to the systemic circulation and leads to a change in hepatic microvascular perfusion. However, an assessment of hepatic microvascular perfusion is limited by conventional diagnostic modalities. The aim of this prospective, exploratory study was to assess hepatic microvascular perfusion in dogs with extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt using contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) using perfluorobutane (Sonazoid®). A total of 17 dogs were included, eight healthy dogs and nine with extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt. The time‐to‐peak (TTP), rising time (RT), and rising rate (RR) in the hepatic artery, portal vein, and hepatic parenchyma, as well as the portal vein‐to‐hepatic parenchyma transit time (ΔHP‐PV) measured from time‐intensity curve on CEUS were compared between healthy and extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs. The RT of the hepatic artery in extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs was significantly earlier than in healthy dogs (P = 0.0153). The TTP and RT of the hepatic parenchyma were significantly earlier in extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs than in healthy dogs (P = 0.0018 andP = 0.0024, respectively). ΔHP–PV was significantly shorter in extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs than in healthy dogs (P = 0.0018). CEUS effectively revealed changes in hepatic microvascular perfusion including hepatic artery, portal vein, and hepatic parenchyma simultaneously in extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs. Rapid hepatic artery and hepatic parenchyma enhancements may reflect a compensatory increase in hepatic artery blood flow (arterialization) caused by a decrease in portal vein blood flow and may be used as an additional diagnostic test to distinguish extrahepatic‐congenital portosystemic shunt dogs from healthy dogs.
Articulación de procesos, flujos de información y conocimiento bajo criterios de infoconocimiento y sostenibilidad en el reporte corporativo
Authors: Alba Marisleidy , Beltrán Torres César
Published: December 2018

La crisis ambiental, social y de credibilidad demanda a las organizaciones reportes corporativos que den cuenta de sus prácticas empresariales, de sostenibilidad y transparencia; este artículo busca identificar las condiciones necesarias y las potencialidades que trae la articulación del reporte integrado (RI) propuesto por el Internacional Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) y el modelo de Gestión de infoconocimiento para cadenas de suministro (Giccs). El desarrollo de la investigación se basa en un análisis cualitativo conceptual, por medio de una comparación de las categorías que fundamentan el modelo Giccs y el RI, validada con una revisión y clasificación de la literatura. Dentro de los resultados más relevantes están el identificar que el RI se construye por medio de información, por tal razón, requiere una gestión de los flujos de información y de conocimiento de las áreas y procesos de la organización; al involucrar el Giccs se garantiza la integración de los flujos de información y de conocimiento. Otro hallazgo fue ubicar al RI como un aliado fundamental en la identificación de los flujos de información y conocimiento que deben ser gestionados, de tal suerte que por medio del modelo Giccs se pueda definir una estructura clara para estos flujos, y así también se permitan integrar elementos para aportar a los procesos organizacionales y finalmente su integración a escalas superiores. El modelo de gestión del infoconocimiento Giccs y el RI se cohesionan para garantizar en el proceso de confección del reporte la estandarización de las entradas, el registro de información, conservación y circulación de la información y el conocimiento, contribuyendo con una mejor relevación organizacional y con ello a la transparencia y a la confianza en la sociedad.
Convergencia contable de las PyME colombianas
Authors: Ruano Delgado Carlos Jair , Vargas Sierra Carlos Arturo , Lasso Marmolejo Guiovanny
Published: December 2018

Usando una muestra de pequeñas y medianas empresas colombianas, investigamos el efecto del proceso de convergencia contable sobre dieciséis factores contables y financieros, para el cierre de 2015. En el presente artículo se analiza la significancia estadística de las variaciones de la información contable presentada bajo la normatividad contable colombiana y las normas internacionales de información financiera (NIIF). Observamos, en términos generales, que se presentan efectos cuantitativos significativos para los factores analizados, excepto para el retorno sobre el patrimonio. Hallamos, igualmente, que los efectos del proceso de convergencia contable mantienen su significancia cuando se observa su sensibilidad a la actividad económica desempeñada por la empresa y el tipo de sociedad constituida; y no lo son cuando se analizan los resultados respecto del tamaño y la antigüedad empresarial.
Propuesta de un diseño metodológico para la administración estratégica de riesgos en el sector de las telecomunicaciones
Authors: Gómez Pinto Óscar Orlando
Published: December 2018

El desarrollo tecnológico y los nuevos y mejores servicios en el sector de las telecomunicaciones, obligan a las organizaciones a identicar sus riesgos para minimizar los posibles impactos y aprovechar sosteniblemente las oportunidades del mercado. El objetivo de esta investigación se centra en el desarrollo de una metodología para determinar el impacto de los procesos sobre los objetivos de negocio, precisar los procesos estratégicos clave, cuanticar su incidencia, identicar y evaluar los riesgos inherentesy reducir el costo asociado a la toma de decisiones. El resultado es una propuesta para la administración de riesgos estratégicos, fundamentada en la Teoría General de Sistemas y el balanced scorecard, que buscan facilitar la labor gerencial, el análisis estratégico y el entendimiento de la dinámica de los modelos de negocio, con base en el análisis de riesgos y en la evaluación de los controles establecidos en las organizaciones.
Large Eddy Simulation and RANS Analysis of the End-Wall Flow in a Linear Low-Pressure-Turbine Cascade—Part II: Loss Generation
Authors: Marconcini Michele , Pacciani Roberto , Arnone Andrea , Michelassi Vittorio , Pichler Richard , Zhao Yaomin , Sandberg Richard
Published: December 2018

In low-pressure turbines (LPT) at design point, around 60–70% of losses are generated in the blade boundary layers far from end walls, while the remaining 30–40% is controlled by the interaction of the blade profile with the end-wall boundary layer. Increasing attention is devoted to these flow regions in industrial design processes. This paper discusses the end-wall flow characteristics of the T106 profile with parallel end walls at realistic LPT conditions, as described in the experimental setup of Duden, A., and Fottner, L., 1997, “Influence of Taper, Reynolds Number and Mach Number on the Secondary Flow Field of a Highly Loaded Turbine Cascade,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part A, 211(4), pp.309–320. Calculations are carried out by both Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS), due to its continuing role as the design verification workhorse, and highly resolved large eddy simulation (LES). Part II of this paper focuses on the loss generation associated with the secondary end-wall vortices. Entropy generation and the consequent stagnation pressure losses are analyzed following the aerodynamic investigation carried out in the companion paper (GT2018-76233). The ability of classical turbulence models generally used in RANS to discern the loss contributions of the different vortical structures is discussed in detail and the attainable degree of accuracy is scrutinized with the help of LES and the available test data. The purpose is to identify the flow features that require further modeling efforts in order to improve RANS/unsteady RANS (URANS) approaches and make them able to support the design of the next generation of LPTs.
Managing Conflicting Water Resource Goals and Uncertainties in a Dam Network by Exploring the Solution Space
Authors: Guo Lin , Zamanisabzi Hamed , Neeson Thomas M. , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh
Published: December 2018

In a multireservoir system, ensuring adequate water availability while managing conflicting goals is critical to making the social–ecological system sustainable in the presence of considerable uncertainty. The priorities of multiple user groups and availability of the water resource vary with time, weather, and other factors. Uncertainties such as variations in precipitation can intensify the discrepancies between water supply and water demand. To reduce such discrepancies, we seek to satisfice conflicting goals, considering typical uncertainties. We observe that models are incomplete and inaccurate, which calls into question using a single point solution and suggests the need for solutions, which are robust to uncertainties. So, we explore satisficing solutions that are relatively insensitive to uncertainties, by incorporating different design preferences, identifying sensitive segments, and improving the design accordingly. In this article, we present an example of the exploration of the solution space to enhance sustainability in multidisciplinary systems, when goals conflict, preferences are evolving, and uncertainties add complexity, which can be applied in mechanical design. In this paper, we focus on the method rather than the results.
Field responsive mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Jackson Julie A. , Messner Mark C. , Dudukovic Nikola A. , Smith William L. , Bekker Logan , Moran Bryan , Golobic Alexandra M. , Pascall Andrew J. , Duoss Eric B. , Loh Kenneth J. , Spadaccini Christopher M.
Published: December 2018

We present a new class of architected materials that exhibit rapid, reversible, and sizable changes in effective stiffness.