bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Accuracy of Radiographers Preliminary Image Evaluations of Axial Radiographs: a Prospective Longitudinal Study at Al-Hussein Hospital, Iraq
Authors: Saleim Ali Riyad , AlBaghdadi Firas Abdullah Noori , Hasni Ibtissem
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Modern emergency departments are under increasing pressure that can only be alleviated by new approaches to meeting demand. One strategy could be the adoption of radiographer preliminary image evaluations (PIEs), which would significantly reduce the time it takes emergency teams to receive critical imagery results. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of radiographers’ interpretations of axial radiographs and the impact a short training program had on their image interpretation skills. Methods: Forty-one radiographers volunteered to participate in the study. From 15 January to 15 April 2023 radiographers produced PIEs for 24 axial radiographs which were compared to the radiology reports for the same images. The accuracy each of the radiographers’ PIEs were categorized as true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative, with numerical scores to enable mean accuracies to be calculated. The radiographers’ accuracy was then reassessed on the same images after they had completed a two-week training program on axial skeletal radiograph interpretation. Results: The study reported that demonstrated that most (TP) radiographer PIEs (M = 5.66, SD = 1.24) were about facial bone fracture. Moreover, this study demonstrated that most (FN/TP) radiographer PIEs (M = 3.83, SD = 1.69) were that cases about inflammatory disease of the axial spine, such as ankylosing spondylitis. In contrast, the most common cases misinterpreted were about cervical spine disorders such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) (M = 2.49, SD = 1.36). Years of experience in radiography showed a positive but not statistically significant influence on accuracy. Additionally, post training mean accuracy significantly improved. Conclusion: This study found radiographers provided quite accurate PIEs for facial bone fractures when compared to the full radiology reports of the same images. The findings also highlighted specific pathologies that were frequently misinterpreted. A two-week training program was found to be effective at improving radiographers’ ability to correctly identify and describe abnormalities present in axial radiographs.
Uropathogenic Bacterial Detection and Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Urine Specimens Referred to Al anbar Province
Authors: Almawla Saleem Obaid Gatia , Rajab Nabeel Ahmed , Edan Ali Ebrahim , Mohammed Abdualah Thabit
Published: October 2024

For clinicians treating patients, antimicrobial resistance is becoming a significant concern. This brief study was therefore conducted to find out how common it is for bacterial isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR), XDR, and PDR, as well as extensively drug-resistant (XDR), in Anbar hospital. The microbiology department cultivated the clinical samples and identified the bacterial strains. The detection of MDR, XDR, and PDR microorganisms was accomplished by analyzing the antibiotic susceptibility profile of various bacterial isolates. 257 children and adult patients from both sexes were included in this study. The total number of urine samples that gave positive bacterial culture results were 114 (44.4%) and the number of samples that gave negative results was 143(55.6%) . The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 114 bacterial strains was studied. 90(78.9) of gram negative bacteria  strains were MDR, (8.9%) ,(72.2%) XDR, and (18.9%)PDR was isolated. 24 (21.1%)Gram positive bacterial egative bacteria  strains were MDR, (33.3%) ,(54.2%) XDR, and (12.5%) PDR was isolated. To effectively combat the threat of antibiotic resistance, all clinical microbiology laboratories need to closely monitor MDR, XDR, and PDR.
A Linguistic Analysis of two Versatile Verbs "qaťa'a" and "šarf" in the Glorious Qur'an with Reference to Their Realizations in English
Authors: Abbas Abdullah Jasim , Ali (Ph.D) Asst. Prof. Hadeel Kamil
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the different morphological patterns, syntactic structures and meanings of the versatile verbs "قطع" and "صرف ". This study analyses these verbs linguistically, providing a holistic view of their usage and versatility within Qur'anic texts. A qualitative approach is used to analyze data. This study aims to investigate the influence of the context on the morphological forms, the syntactic patterns and different meanings of these verbs. Furthermore, it aims to investigate how the translators transfer the linguistic characteristics of these verbs into English. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher adopts an eclectic model. Accordingly, two verbs are chosen as the study sample. The main findings of this are as follows: firstly, the verb "قطع" is considered versatile due to its meanings only; it has different meanings with fixed syntactic structure (it is transitive in all the selected' Ayahs). The verb "صرف" is considered versatile in accordance with its meanings and syntactic structures; that is, it has different meanings and syntactic structures. Secondly, all the different meanings are considered polysemous senses of the same selected roots. Thirdly, the context is the most influential factor that makes these verbs versatile. Finally, concerning the renderings of the selected Arabic verbs into the TL, it is concluded that sometimes translators have taken the context into account and have rendered some of these verbs into the equivalently TL. Some other times, they do not render these verbs equally.
Alterations in Immune Parameters ADP, ANA, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, STAT-4, and TNF Alpha in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ahmood Asaad A. , Mohammed Mousa J. , Taha Muzahem M.
Published: October 2024

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are chronic joint diseases with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms, but both involve alterations in immune parameters. This research investigates the alterations in several immune parameters, specifically adiponectin (ADP), antinuclear antibodies (ANA), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT-4), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF Alpha), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Also, the current study aims to identify the changes occurring in the physiological and immune parameters of people suffering from rheumatic diseases, as Evaluation of Immunological Inflammatory biomarkers levels ADP, ANA, IL1, IL6, IL8, STAT-4 and TNF-α.
Material & Methods: A cross-sectional laboratory-based study with 90 patient’s participant was conducted. Using ELISA kits and laboratory tests, various biomarkers (Immunological Inflammatory biomarkers levels ADP, ANA, IL1, IL6, IL8, STAT-4 and TNF-α were measured among rheumatoid arthritis and Osteoarthritis patients.
Results: The findings revealed elevated levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, STAT-4, and TNF Alpha in RA patients, reflecting a heightened inflammatory state. In contrast, OA patients exhibited a more moderate increase in these parameters, suggesting differing immune activation pathways. ADP and ANA levels showed distinct variations between the two patient groups, indicating their potential roles in the pathogenesis and progression of RA and OA.
Conclusion: These results contribute to a better understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying RA and OA, highlighting the importance of targeted therapeutic strategies to manage these conditions effectively. Further research is recommended to explore the clinical implications of these findings and develop personalized treatment approaches.
Chemical Composition Of Neem Seedlings (Azadirachta Indica L.) Sprayed With Arginine, Kinetin, And Chelated Iron
Authors: Mohammed Nawras K. , Abdullah Kadum M. , Fleih Sabah A.
Published: October 2024

A pot experiment was carried out in the canopy of the Horticulture and Landscape Department - College of Agriculture - University of Kerbala during the 2023-2024 season to study the effect of kinetin (K) (0, 50, 100 mg L-1), arginine (A) (0, 150, 300 mg L-1), and chelated iron (F) (0 and 200 mg L-1) on some qualitative characteristics of neem seedlings. The study was implemented as a factorial experiment with a completely randomized block design with three replications. The majority of chemical features were significantly impacted by kinetin spraying, with the exception of the proportion of nitrogen, potassium, and protein in the leaves. Arginine affected all traits except total chlorophyll, while chelated iron mainly impacted potassium percentage. The research factors had varying effects on the features under investigation in the binary interaction findings. Treatment K1A1 produced the greatest rate of total chlorophyll, measuring 56.19 mg g-1 fresh weight, While the Fe2A2 treatment was superior in increasing the percentage of carbohydrates (13.31 mg g dry weight-1). With an average percentage of 3.308% for nitrogen content and 0.1588% for phosphorus, treatment K0A2 and treatment K1A2 respectively yielded the greatest percentages. However, treatment K0A1 produced a substantially higher percentage of protein, at 20.67%. Only the percentage of phosphorus was significantly affected by the triple intervention; the K1A0Fe2 treatment produced the highest rate of 0.1640%. This study concludes that High kinetin levels may have adverse effects, but when combined with nutrient-rich fertilizers, they can enhance seedling characteristics of trees with medicinal benefits.
Develop Of Solid Soap Using Terfezia Claveryi Extract And Evaluation Of Its Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Nayef Anwar Hamza , Al-Shibl Majed Kadhim Abboud
Published: October 2024

Recently, studies have become increasingly interested in natural antioxidants extracted from Terfezia claveryi due to their ability to enhance body health and prevent common modern diseases. They meet most of the body's needs for prevention, treatment, tissue and cell restoration, and treatment of oxidative stress, which is a common use in the current time. T. claveryi has been identified as a potential fresh cosmetic source due to its biologically active compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, beta-carotene, and tannin. The aim of the current study was to develop solid soap using T.claveryi extract and evaluate its antioxidant activity. The solid soap was manufactured using the traditional cold method.
The results showed the effect of T. claveryi extract in modifying the acidity (pH) of the soap, which reached 7.83. It indicates that the ability of T. claveryi extract to reduce the pH value of the soap compared to soap that does not contain extracts. T. claveryi soap has a foam stability of 47.29% and the control soap has a foam stability of 45.16% and after one hour the stability rate was 95%, so the T. claveryi extract soap has better foam stability compared to the control soap. It enhances the possibility of using T.claveryi extracts to improve the foam properties of transparent solid soap. The antioxidant activity test showed that T.claveryi soap has an antioxidant activity at the highest concentration of 500 mg/ml and a rate of 25.39% compared to the control soap 0.508%. It supports the effectiveness of using T.claveryi extract soap in skin care products such as whitening, moisturizing and anti-aging, while the control soap does not have any antioxidant activity.
Effect of X-ray radiation on Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae & P.aeruginosa isolated from burn unit patient. The phenotypic and molecular study, Biofilm formation
Authors: Khalaf Noor Nadhom , Alfeehan Mohammed Jasim , Maiteb Shaymaa Hafez
Published: October 2024

Background: Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a significant global health concern due to their elevated rates of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. In This study investigated the presence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in individuals with burn injuries, the formation of biofilms, and the impact of X-ray radiation.
Method: For this study Clinical swabs about120 burn patients were obtained between December 2023 and June 2024 from burn units at Ramadi and Falluja Teaching Hospitals. Both conventional and Vitek2(bioMérieux) methods were used to identify the bacterial isolates. The isolates were then divided into three multi-drug resistance groups. The Colorimetric method (MTP) detected biofilms. To detect blaOXA-23,blaOXA-48, Omp, and blaTEM resistance genes, multiplex PCR was used. This research used two lumbosacral spine X-ray levels. Two levels of radiation were used 40 (80KV) mAs and 51.2 (85KV).
Result: Results of burn isolation revealed 30(27%) P.aeruginosa, 18(16%) k.pneumoniae, 7(6%) E.coli, 7(6%) P.mirabilis. Of the all isolates, 100% produced biofilm. The Multiplex-PCR analysis revealed that the blaTEM genes were the predominant ones, constituting 30% of the samples. Subsequently, blaOXA-23 constituted 24.5% of the cases, whereas Omp accounted for 22.7% and blaOXA-48 for 13.6%. The radiation impact of X-rays produced by two dosages, 40(80KV)mAs for 125msec and 51,2(85KV) mAs for 160msec, demonstrates that there is no effect or alteration in the resistance capacity of all the bacterial isolates tested.
Conclusion: This study showed that burn unit isolates produce ESBLs, which is a major concern in the intensive care unit due to its high morbidity and potential mortality. These data match antibiotic phenotypic test results showing substantial cefepime resistance. All isolates forming biofilms, this may association with high pathogenicity. This demands quick intervention to manage nosocomial outbreaks. No X-ray effect was seen on susceptibility a burn unit bacterial isolate.
Effects of Letrozole And Metformin Versus Metformin alone on incretin in Iraqi patients with PCOS
Authors: Mahdi Dr. Shatha Salih , Kadhim Dr. Sinaa Abdul Amir
Published: October 2024

I Background: The emergence of numerous novel therapeutic agents for managing T2DM has expanded the assortment of tailored therapies available for PCOS sick. One illustration of these is the incretin-based therapeutic agents.
Patients and methods:The extanttrainingcomprised 75 sickthrough an age extent of 18 to less than 40 years. Patients were categorized into three groups: metformin group (positive control group) and they received metformin as 500 mg per-oral (bid); letrozole group who were treated using 2.5 mg per-oral (bid), and combination groups who received both agents with similar doses as above. Each group included 25 females. Informationalmost age and body mass index (BMI) stayed included in the study. Serum measurement of incretin (GLP-1) was done before treatment and 90 days after treatment using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.
Results: There stayed no importantvariance in mean age (p = 0.981) betweentraining groups and  means of age were 29.24 ± 6.10 years, 29.56 ± 5.50 years and 29.44± 5.83 years, respectively and the range of age was between 18 and 40 years. In addition, in this training, there stayed no importantalteration in mean BMI (p = 0.534) among study groups and means of BMI were 28.80 ±2.72 kg/m2, 27.53 ±1.95 kg/m2 and 27.07 ±1.99 kg/m2, respectively and the range of BMI was between 21.07 and 31.18  kg/m2. Serum incretin (GLP-1) level showed no significant variation among study groups, the mean levels were in the range of 10.87 -13.79 ng/ml and the range of values was from 9.56 -14.49 ng/ml. Changes in BMI are shown in. Metformin alone caused in more important weight decrease; nevertheless, adding of letrozole caused significant reduction in body mass index, letrozole alone also affect body weight significantly. It was observed that combined use of either drug resulted in more significant change of GLP-1 level at (p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: Combined treatment with letrozole and metformin is safe and efficient in femalesby PCOS resultant in weight decrease, improved insulin
Epidemiological profile for type 2 diabetic patients in Babylon City: Across sectional study
Authors: Al- sultani Safa Salman Challoob , AL-Nasrawii Assist. Prof. Maytham Salim , Assi Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Abdulrazzaq
Published: October 2024

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a multifaceted and enduring metabolic disorder that has become a prominent global health concern. The global impact of this issue is significant, affecting a large population and presenting substantial health risks, thereby placing a considerable strain on healthcare systems. Type 2 diabetes is a significant public health problem responsible for several macro and microvascular complications. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of type 2 diabetic patients how attending to the specialized center for endocrinology and diabetes in Babylon City.
Methodology: A sectional study was conducted between  25th of September 2023 to the 18th of April 2024 to determine the epidemiological characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes who was attending to the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Marjan Teaching Hospital, it's a referral center for diabetes and other endocrinology diseases and received diabetes patients of different ages and both sexes from the different health facilities as Public Hospitals, PHC, and Private Clinics.
Result: - The study included 751 patients; 58.7% were females, and 41.3% were male. 30.8% were in the age group (60-69) years with an average age of 54.2±14.0 for all involved age (18-90) years. The majority, 47.1%, had diabetes duration of less than 10 years. On admission, 87.6 % of patients suffer from a chronic disease other than diabetes, 30.1 % were overweight, and 48.4 % were obese, with the non-significant difference between percentages using the person chi-square test (2-test) at 0.05 level (P= 0.970). On the other hand, 98.8 % of patients had at least one complication on admission: 81.9% had peripheral neuritis, 85 % had eye fatigue, 84.2 % had severe hypoglycemia, 41.3% had high blood pressure, 35.2% had a diabetic foot and lowest percentage 10.1% had brain strokes.
Conclusion: - The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an extremely high risk of disease complications.
Estimation Of Serum Ionized Calcium In Relation With Anti Mullerian Hormone In Women With Infertility
Authors: Hamza Msc. Zahra,a , Msc. Dua,a Abdulzahra  , Jalil Msc. Zahra,a , Saeed Msc. Hawraa , Assi Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohammed Abdulrazzaq
Published: October 2024

This study has discussed how the condition of calcium equilibrium associated with AMH levels affects the ability to reproduce in some pre-menopausal women. Forty-five females (20-35 age) selected with pre-infertility from infertility unit centers in AL-Saader Medical City from January 2023 to October 2023; also, the study involved group consisted of 45 health volunteers. They were nearly similar in age. The findings showed that the mean serum ions of calcium levels (4.25 ± 0.72 mg/dl) were considerably (p<0.001) less in the infertility group than the non-infertile group (5.33 ± 0.31), accompanied by a statistical increase in PTH in patients (98.23±33.5) than in control(94.6± 28.2). Also, there is a significant decrease in AMH in the patient (2.35±1.57) than the control (4.53±0.95). Our findings indicated that the amount of ionized calcium might have to be balanced in some way for every physiological function, including reproduction.
Estimation of some antioxidants and liver enzymes parameters in rats infected with Entamoeba histolytica and the extent of the therapeutic effect of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Maree Ali Faaiq , Mahmoud Ashraf Jamal
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted on patients visiting Tikrit Teaching Hospital in Tikrit city and visiting some private laboratories in Al-Alam district for the period from the beginning of January 2023 to the end of December 2023. 548 stools were collected and the percentage of infection with the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica was 29.92% for 164 samples positive for microscopic examination. The study included the biochemical aspects that studied the effect of infection with the amoeba parasite on some antioxidants of infected rats treated with different concentrations of gold nanoparticles. It was noted that a significant increase occurred in infected rats treated with different concentrations of gold nanoparticles when compared with the control group at a probability level of 0.01 in Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA). The aspects that studied the effect of infection with the amoeba parasite on some liver enzymes of infected rats treated with different concentrations of gold nanoparticles, it was noted that there was a significant increase in infected rats treated with different concentrations of gold nanoparticles when compared with the control group at a probability level of 0.05 in (AST) Aspartate amino transfrase, Alanine ameno transfrase (ALT).
Evaluation of Rituximab in Immunothrombocytopenia Splenectomized and Non-Splenectomized Patient
Authors: Shnait Inas , Abbas Mohammed Saleem , Ali Mohammed Shakir , Al-Ghabban Sura Louy sahib , Hameed Noor Sabah
Published: October 2024

Stroke carries a high risk of death. Survivors can experience loss of vision and/or speech, paralysis and confusion. The risk of death depends on the type of stroke and its incidence increases with advancing age. Post-stroke aphasia and language impairment are significant health problems among stroke patients and may result in considerable activity limitation. Different types of aphasia might develop according to the location of the stroke.
To identify the types of aphasia in patients with stroke and to assess the relationship between the age and types of aphasia in each type of stroke in those patients.
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at Bagdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City and Al Imamin Al Kazmain Medical City during the period from October 2014 to the end of September 2015. One hundred patients were enrolled and assessed at neurology and general medical wards. Clinical assessment of the aphasic patient was performed through clinical and language examination was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package for Social Sciences version 22 and the appropriate statistical tests were used accordingly.
The mean age of the studied group was 62.1 ± 13.2 (range: 37-87) years and the majority of the patients aged more than 50 years. Females represented 55% of the patients. Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes were reported in 76% and 24% of patients, respectively. Global aphasia was found in 32%, Broca´s(17%), Thalamic 17 (17%), Putaminal(11%), and Werneck’s (11%) of the patients, other types were less frequent. Hypertension was the most frequent risk factor reported among the patients Heart failure was the commonest reported cardiac factor. Aphasia was more frequent among patients older than 50 years. No statistically significant association had been found between the age and the types of aphasia (P>0.05). Global, Broca´sWernick´saphasia were significantly associated with ischemic stroke, while Thalamic, Putaminal conduction and anomia were associated with hemorrhagic stroke, (P<0.05). Hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with Ischemic stroke rather than hemorrhagic (P=0.010). Cardiac risk factors were significantly associated with Ischemic stroke, (P = 0.038).7
Aphasia was more frequent with older age, and no significant association had been found between the type of aphasia and the age, generally, no significant association had been found between the types of aphasia and the risk factors, but some types were associated significantly with hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus. Further studies are suggested for further assessment.
Exploring the Ecofeminist themes of Resilience and Power in Diane Wilson’s The Seed Keeper
Authors: Hassoon Assist Prof. Ahmad Khalid , Hamdi Sahar Ali
Published: October 2024

This paper attempts to explore a critical analysis of ecofeminism theory and the principles of dystopian literature in Diane Wilson’s The Seed Keeper (2021). It goes to examine the interconnection between the subjugation of women and the environment, focusing on  the oppression of women, the exploitation of nature, the patriarchal and capitalist structures. It aims at describing the ecofeminist themes of resilience and power criticizing the dualistic hierarchies advocating for a social shift towards compassionate values that respect both women and the environment. It endeavors to clarify how The Seed Keeper portrays the Dakota women and their deep connection to the land, highlighting the traditional practices of seed-keeping and cultural resilience and environmental stewardship. It also addresses the intersectionality by revealing the compounded oppression confronted by Indigenous women, and it depicts the resistance and empowering woman throughout the protagonist’s journey of reclaiming her heritage and reconnecting with the land.
Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence among a Sample of Smokers from Secondary School Students in Al-Najaf City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Aboudi Nabaa Jasim Zghair , AL-Nasrawii Maytham Salim
Published: October 2024

Background: Tobacco addiction is a global social issue, leading to one death every six seconds worldwide. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a commonly used tool to assessing physical nicotine dependence. The FTND scores range from 0 to 10 and consist of six questions, each with its score reflecting the smoker's level of nicotine dependence. This study aimed to assess the nicotine dependence of secondary school students using the Fagerstrom test.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2023, to April 10, 2024, in AL-Najaf City. The study sample included 283 smoking students, selected from a total of 829 participants from eight secondary schools, selected by using a multistage simple random sampling technique. The study instrument was a questionnaire with two parts: the first part collected some demographic characteristics, and the second part consisted of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence.
Result: Out of 283 smokers, 234 were males, and 49 were females. According to Fagerstrom Test items, the results show 43.1% smoke the first cigarette 60 minutes after waking up, 68.9% do not find it difficult to refrain from smoking in any forbidden places, 58% cannot give up smoking cigarettes after eating, 61.8% for ≤ 10 smoked cigarettes per day, 62.9% for never smoke more frequently during the first hours after waking and 65.7% for not smoke when so ill.
Conclusion: - 47% of smokers were in low dependence, 22.3% for low to moderate, 29.7% for moderate and 1.1 % for high dependence, with a significant difference between the Fagerstrom test and socio-economic status.
Gene Polymorphism Of TNF-A (Rs1799964) In Aborted Women With Respiratory Disease In Al-Diwaniyah Province
Authors: Alkhuzaie Fatima tawfik , Shubber Habeeb waseel
Published: October 2024

Background: TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a significant role in the etiology of various illnesses. The encoding gene is found on chromosome 6's short arm in the major histocompatibility complex class III region. Polymorphisms in the TNF-α gene promoter region are believed to impact illness susceptibility and severity. This review summarizes the research on the association between TNF-α gene and receptor polymorphisms and respiratory illness development. This study aim to determine of gene polymorphism of TNF-α in aborted women with respiratory diseases.
Methods : The study was carried out for 100 pregnant women, including 60 aborted women with and without respiratory diseases, and 40 women as healthy control group. Genotypes in TNF-α T>C SNPs were identified using self- designed nested T-ARMS PCR tests. Sequencing validated randomly chosen PCR results that represented unique genotypes in TNF-α SNPs.
Results : The results of TNF-α (rs1799964) C/T SNP genotyping between aborted women with respiratory diseases and healthy control revealed that the heterozygous C/T genotype was a significant risk factor with an OR of 6.28, while the homozygous TT genotype was non-significant (OR= 2.09).
Conclusion : The rs1799964 TNF-α polymorphisms are possible genetic risk factors of respiratory diseases and might be its predictive markers.
Genotyping and Phylogenic tree of Toxoplasma gondii in one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Al- Diwaniyah province in Iraq
Authors: Hassan Taif Hillal , Jarad Noor Idan
Published: October 2024

The current study is carry out in Al- Diwaniyah province; in Iraq between (September 2023 - March 2024) for determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in camels and molecular identification with phylogenetic analysis. (140) blood and tissue samples were collected from camels from the slaughter of the Al-Diwaniyah province. The results of total serological prevalence showed that 72 (51.42%) of the camels were infected. Genomic DNA was extracted from 140 camel’s tissues samples and SAG3 gene was amplified by PCR. PCR results showed that camels tissues samples 55/140 (39.28 %) have SAG3 gene. Ten PCR positive products of local Toxoplasma gondii isolates were DNA sequencing and compared with other isolates in GenBank. After that, the phylogenetic relationship was analyzed for this parasite using phylogenetic UPGMA tree (MEGA X version). Sequencing and phylogenetic results of Toxoplasma gondii isolate (No.1, 3, 5, 6, and 10) were showed closed genetic related into Toxoplasma gondii genotype I. The camels T. gondii isolates (No.7) were showed closed genetic related into Toxoplasma gondii genotype II. Whereas, the camels T. gondii (No.2, 4, 8, and 9) were showed closed genetic related into Toxoplasma gondii genotype III. At total genetic change (0.01). The homology sequence identity between local The Toxoplasma gondii isolates and NCBI-BLAST related genotype of T. gondii were reveals that genetic homology sequence identity was ranged (99.32% - 100%).
Immunogenic Detection of IL-6 in Male Patients Suffering from Infertility Disorders
Authors: Hadi Mohammed saud , F.Almahbobi Taghreed , M-R Fakhrildin Muhammad-Baqir
Published: October 2024

Background; Infertility in men is one of the health and psychological problems around the world that is widespread and related to many physiological and medical causes. Many hormonal differences or viral or bacterial infections in general can lead to infertility in men. Aims of the study; The effect of interleukin 6 and its role in the development of male infertility. Methodology; This study was conducted on patients at Al-Sadr Medical City / Infertility Center / Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf and Dr. Ali Al-Ibrahimi's private center for embryology and infertility. Since October 2023, the control group (fertile men) included 40 healthy 25–45-year-old men. There were 60 infertile men aged 22-46 in the study. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured interleukin-6. DNA extraction was followed by PCR analysis of the interleukin 6 gene polymorphism. Result; The results showed that there was no statistical significance in age between the two groups. The results also showed an increase in interleukin 6 levels in general and by age groups in the patient group compared to the control group. In addition there is a statistical significance in the polymorphism gene tests between the two groups. Conclusions; The case group had higher interleukin 6 levels, and the gene polymorphism was significant. This suggests that inflammatory factors like viral or bacterial infections or autoimmunity caused the difference in interleukin 6 levels and the mutation in IL-6 gene could play a role in this increase.
Impact Of Malocclusion On Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life Of Early Adolescents in Erbil city
Authors: Suleman Halmat Jamal , Hussein Vian Muhammed
Published: October 2024

Background: Malocclusion is a frequent dental problem whose consequences are impact on functions such as speech and mastication, aesthetics of the face, and general health. The present study aimed to assess the effect of malocclusion on the oral health-related quality of life among early adolescents in Erbil City, Iraq.
Methods: Cross-sectional survey in which included 800 students aged between 7 and 18 years, divided into primary, middle, and high school groups. Data were collected by use of a bilingual questionnaire (English and Kurdish), which included 15 questions with Likert type answers and addressed all sociodemographic factors and dental-related difficulties, such as problems in talking, problems eating, and embarrassment. The data will be sorted and analyzed with the SPSS program version 28, with a level of statistical significance of p≤0.05.
Results: The females were 60.9%, and the male percentage was 39.1%, with a mean age of 14.33 years. By malocclusion pattern: Class I 55%, Class II 33%, Class III 12% were found. It was predictable that different malocclusion types were significantly related to some kinds of dental-related problems. For instance, 54.3% of the participants had an on-and-off worsening in the sense of taste, 39.8% of them had painful aching, and 36.1% of them had pronunciation problems very often. Interpretation: The study revealed that the malocclusion status significantly affects the OHRQoL related to functional and psychosocial well-being.
Conclusion: A high prevalence of malocclusion among early adolescents in Erbil City significantly impairs OHRQoL. This has given impetus to advise early diagnosis and correction of malocclusion to alleviate the problems of adolescents in their day-to-day activities.
Isolate and Molecular Identification of Bundle Forming Pilus Gene for Escherichia coli Caused Caw Mastitis
Authors: Oleiwi Zuhier Moqkbel , Abood Walaa Najm
Published: October 2024

Mastitis is one of the disease infected Caws and effect of their milk product lead economic loss. The aim of this study isolated and molecular identification Bundle Forming Pilus Gene for Escherichia coli caused Caw mastitis. Samples were collected from Caws infected with Mastitis at different farm in Iraq, then applied for cultivation on the suitable media for isolated of E. coli. The E.coli  isolates was confirmed by VITEK II automated microbial identification system method and identification by PCR method for expression of bundle forming pilus gene. The result was shown that (9 from 100) from mastitis cases give E. coli positive. All E.coli  isolates were confirmed by VITEK method. All E.coli  isolates were expressed of bundle forming pilus gene. Conclusion: E.coli  caused severe mastitis in Caw and the severity of infection come from express of bundle forming pilus gene that increases the virulence of E.coli  be more resistance to antibiotics and unsuitable conditions that may be lead to many serious diseases if dietary contaminated with mastitis E.coli .
Molecular characterization of blaTEM and blaCTX-M ESBLs genes producing Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Al-Basrah province, Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed. J. , Al-Amara Saad S. Mahdi , Al- Hejjaj Murtakab Y.
Published: October 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are primarily caused by Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, accounting for 80–90% of uropathogenic Escherichia coli infections. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLS), pose a significant threat to global healthcare systems. The current study relied on 200 urine samples collected from patients suffering urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Al Sadr Teaching Hospital in Al-Basrah Province,Iraq from the 5th January to 22nd February. A result of cultivated 200 samples collected from urinary tract infection patients showed 71 (35.5%) positive samples on MacConkey agar, eosin methylene blue (EMB), and HiChromeTM E.coli agar, and bacterial growth was distributed to 47 (66.2%) Escherichia coli and 24 (33.8%) of Gram-negative species. The diagnostic gene 16S rDNA by PCR method showed that all 47 E. coli isolates had a molecular weight of around 585 bp at 100%. Furthermore, positive results were shown in 44 (93.6%) of the E.coli isolates in the current study that produced ESBLs by using the double-disc approximation method (DAM). While 3 (6.4%) isolates revealed negative results for ESBLs, whereas the13(27.7%) of the E.coli isolates gave positive results for ESBL. While 34(72.3%) E.coli isolates showed negative results for produced ESBLs by using the double-disc synergy test (DDST), there were significant differences (P<0.01) between positive and negative isolates in both methods used to detect ESBL-producing isolates. Extended-spectrum β-lactamses (ESBLs) genes were detected by using PCR to amplify the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in E.coli isolates. The amplified genes' bands were characterised approximately at (800 bp) for blaTEM and (754 bp) for blaCTX-M   , the products were compared to the standard molecular DNA ladder at (2000 bp). According to the results, 47(100%) E.coli isolates gave positive results for the blaTEM gene. While blaCTX-M gene was shown, only 23(48.9%) E.coli isolates had positive results for the blaCTX-M gene.
Synergistic Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Moringa Oleifera Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Metabolic Health in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Muhammed Jwan Abbas , Ahmed Diyar Maghdid , Othman Goran
Published: October 2024

Background: The action of aerobic exercise and Moringa Oleifera supplementation on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been individually documented, but their combination remains unclear. This study evaluates the synergistic effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise program and Moringa supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory markers in T2DM patients. Methods: A total of 120 T2DM patients were randomly assigned to four groups: control, aerobic exercise, moringa supplementation (250mg/kg/day), and a combination. BMI, blood glucose, serum insulin, serum C-peptide, renal function tests, HbA1c, adiponectin, IL-6, and lipid profile, were assessed before and after the intervention. Blood glucose levels were monitored weekly. Results: All intervention groups showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels compared to the control group, with the combination group demonstrating the greatest reduction. Blood glucose levels decreased significantly in the exercise and combination groups, with the aerobic exercise group outperforming moringa alone. Serum insulin levels significantly decreased in the moringa and combination groups, while serum C-peptide levels decreased in all groups. Lipid profile improvements were noted in all intervention groups, with the combination treatment showing superior results in reducing total cholesterol and BMI. Both adiponectin levels increased and IL-6 levels decreased significantly in all intervention groups, particularly in the combination group. Renal function tests showed no adverse changes, with a significant reduction in BUN levels observed only in the combination group. Conclusion: The combination of aerobic exercise and moringa supplementation provides a synergistic therapeutic effect, significantly improving glycemic control, lipid profile, adiponectin levels in T2DM patients.
The Contents of the Image of Iraqi Women in the Caricature of The Instagram Application As A Model - An Analytical Study
Authors: Mustaf Jassim Mohammed , Fayyad Prof.Dr. Farid Saleh
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to answer the question: What is the media image of Iraqi women in Instagram cartoons? The Hella Sketchz page was analyzed to uncover this image through a content analysis of the cartoons. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach using a content analysis tool to analyze all cartoons on the Hella Sketchz page from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023, totaling 137 cartoons. At the end of the study, the researcher arrived at several key findings, including: Themes: The media images focused on diverse themes related to daily life, social and cultural issues, including women's, family, and health issues, reflecting the variety of concerns and challenges faced by Iraqi women. Classifications of the media image: The media images can be classified into several main categories, including comedy, awareness, and social and political criticism, highlighting the role of cartoons in conveying messages in an innovative and entertaining way. Nature of the media image: The media image is characterized by its distinctive and simple graphic style, which facilitates quick and effective understanding of the conveyed message and draws attention to the issues raised in a creative way.
The Effect of Alkaloid and Phenolic Extracts of Some Plants on the Biological of the Periplaneta Americana
Authors: Al-Karawwi Hanaa.R. , Al-Badiri Howaida Nazzal
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted to determine the extent of the effect of some plant extracts on the death of some of the biological stages of the Periplaneta americana, it tested two types of terpenoids extracts and the alkaloid extract of Xanthium strumarium and Achillea L. the extract of terpenoids and alkaloid compounds of the Achillea L in killing eggs, and it was also noted that the extract of terpenoids in both the X.strumarium and Achillea L was superior to the rest of the extracts of the same two plants.
The two extract recorded an effect on the adults of the P.americana, as it was noted that the terpenoids and alkaloids of the extract were clearly superior to the X.strumarium, it was also noted that the superiority of the alkaloid extract in the X.Strumarium. We also note that there is a direct relationship between the concentrations of the extract and the percentage of death. The extracts work to kill insect eggs in several ways that have a physiological effect, including that they contain a percentage of oils that cover the surface of the eggs with a thin layer that prevents the exchange of gases between the egg embryo and its external environment, it hardens, thus preventing the egg shell from hatching, or the penetration of the extract into the egg, which affects the protoplasm, leading to the killing of embryos, or the inhibitory effect of the terpenoids compounds present in the extract of the two plants, which affects the growth of the embryos of these eggs.
The Effect Of Soil Treatment With Cow Manure Compost And Foliar Magnesium On Plant Growth Of Black Diyala Fig Ficus Carica L. Seedlings
Authors: Alkhafaji Mohammed K.A. , Al- Abbassi Ghaleb BA
Published: October 2024

The research was conducted at the research station affiliated with the Faculty of Agriculture / University of Kufa in the university city in the Najaf Governorate for the period from 1 March to 1 December 2023 to study the effect of organic fertilization with cow manure compost and foliar spraying with magnesium and their interactions on some vegetative traits of black Diyala fig seedlings. The foliar magnesium was used at four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 or 1.5) gm L-1, and the ground addition of organic fertilizer (cow manure) was also applied at four levels (0, 5, 10 or 15) g pot-1, and their interactions. The results showed that black Diyala fig seedlings treated with cow manure compost recorded significant effect on the studied traits, as cow manure compost at 15 g pot-1 resulted in the highest increase of seedlings height 21.37 cm, stem diameter 2.07 mm, number of branches 3.30 seedling branch-1, number Leaves 10.03 leaf plant -1, and leaf area 2448.25 cm2 seedling-1. Spraying fig seedlings of the Black Diyala variety with magnesium at a concentration of 1.5 gm l-1 excelled in the amount of increase in seedling height 15.98 cm, stem diameter 1.82 mm, number of branches 3.23 seedling branch-1, and number of leaves. 10.36 plant leaves-1, average leaf area is 1899.50 cm2 seedling-1. However, best results were recorded in the interaction of foliar magnesium at 1.5 gm L-1 and organic fertilizer at 15 g pot-1 with significantly the highest increase in plant height 25.56 cm and stem diameter 2.28 mm, the number of branches is 5.28 branches, seedling-1, the number of leaves is 15.00 leaves-1, the average leaf area is 3030.00 cm2, seedling-1.
The Health Effects of Modern Gaming Devices and Phones n the Child's Mind and Intellectual Level
Authors: Jawad Aseel Hafedh , Al-Kazazz Zainab Kareem , AlKhafaji Naiel A.K.
Published: October 2024

This study included 200 children between the ages of 2-12 years, who use mobile phones for multiple purposes. This study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to parents, and their answers were approved for their children. This study showed that the age group >=5 years had the highest percentage, reaching 60% of children. The study sample was mostly females (girls) at 54%, while the remaining section was males (boys) at 46%. This study showed that children in an urban environment use mobile phones more than children who live in a rural environment, where their percentage reached (66%). The study showed that the educational level of the parents of these children was good, as most of them held a university degree (38.0%, 36. %) for both the mother and the father, respectively. The study showed a significant relationship P = 0.0001 between parents’ occupation and Children used mobile phones and gaming devices, and the percentage was higher if both parents worked (42% and 78%) for the mother and father, respectively. The study showed that most children belong to a middle-income family environment. The study showed that the percentage of children who use modern phones and gaming devices reached (96%), while those who do not use mobile phones (4%). Most of the families had more than two phones at home (58%), and (78%) of the children used the phone throughout the day, and (48%) of them felt happy as a result of using the mobile phone, and (52%) of the study sample used the mobile phone for a period of time. (two years or more). The study showed that 56% of children suffer from lack of concentration and a low level of intelligence. According to the results of the study, 54% of them suffer from problems in their fingers as a result of frequent use of toys, and 70% of children suffer from dry eyes and a constant feeling of sleepiness as a result of radiation emitted from toys and devices. 93% of them suffer from anxiety and depression. The study also showed that (72%) of the children were addicted to the phone and the phone caused them headaches. It is clear from this study that children’s use of the phone causes them many problems, including psychological and physical ones. Therefore, parents must keep their children away from mobile phones as much as possible, and if they have to, allow them to use them. There must be a specific time for using phones, and the harmful effects of phones must be explained to them, whether in the short or long term.