bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two-Dimensional Layered Double Hydroxide Derived from Vermiculite Waste Water Supported Highly Dispersed Ni Nanoparticles for CO Methanation
Authors: Li Panpan , Zhu Mingyuan , Tian Zhiqun , Han Yang , Zhang Yu , Zhou Tuantuan , Kang Lihua , Dan Jianming , Guo Xuhong , Yu Feng , Wang Qiang , Dai Bin
Published: March 2017

Expanded multilayered vermiculite (VMT) was successfully used as catalyst support and Ni/VMT synthesized by microwave irradiation assisted synthesis (MIAS) exhibited excellent performance in our previous work. We also developed a two-dimensional porous SiO2 nanomesh (2D VMT-SiO2) by mixed-acid etching of VMT. Compared with three-dimensional (3D) MCM-41, 2D VMT-SiO2 as a catalyst support provided a superior position for implantation of NiO species and the as-obtained catalyst exhibited excellent performance. In this paper, we successfully synthesized a layered double hydroxide (LDH) using the spent liquor after mixed-acid etching of VMT, which mainly contained Mg2+ and Al3+. The as-calcined layered double oxide (LDO) was used as a catalyst support for CO methanation. Compared with Ni/MgAl-LDO, Ni/VMT-LDO had smaller active component particles; therefore, in this study, it exhibited excellent catalytic performance over the whole temperature range of 250–500 °C. Ni/VMT-LDO achieved the best activity with 87.88% CO conversion, 89.97% CH4 selectivity, and 12.47 × 10−2·s−1 turn over frequency (TOF) at 400 °C under a gas hourly space velocity of 20,000 mL/g/h. This study demonstrated that VMT-LDO as a catalyst support provided an efficient way to develop high-performance catalysts for synthetic natural gas (SNG) from syngas.
Normalized Unconditional ϵ-Security of Private-Key Encryption
Authors: Bi Lvqing , Dai Songsong , Hu Bo
Published: March 2017

In this paper we introduce two normalized versions of non-perfect security for private-key encryption: one version in the framework of Shannon entropy, another version in the framework of Kolmogorov complexity. We prove the lower bound on either key entropy or key size for these models and study the relations between these normalized security notions.
Study of the Effect of Clay Particles on Low Salinity Water Injection in Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Rezaei Gomari Sina , Joseph Nikhil
Published: March 2017

The need for optimal recovery of crude oil from sandstone and carbonate reservoirs around the world has never been greater for the petroleum industry. Water-flooding has been applied to the supplement primary depletion process or as a separate secondary recovery method. Low salinity water injection is a relatively new method that involves injecting low salinity brines at high pressure similar to conventional water-flooding techniques, in order to recover crude oil. The effectiveness of low salinity water injection in sandstone reservoirs depends on a number of parameters such as reservoir temperature, pressure, type of clay particle and salinity of injected brine. Clay particles present on reservoir rock surfaces adsorb polar components of oil and modify wettability of sandstone rocks to the oil-wet state, which is accountable for the reduced recovery rates by conventional water-flooding. The extent of wettability alteration caused by three low salinity brines on oil-wet sandstone samples containing varying clay content (15% or 30%) and type of clay (kaolinite/montmorillonite) were analyzed in the laboratory experiment. Contact angles of mica powder and clay mixture (kaolinite/montmorillonite) modified with crude oil were measured before and after injection with three low salinity sodium chloride brines. The effect of temperature was also analyzed for each sample. The results of the experiment indicate that samples with kaolinite clay tend to produce higher contact angles than samples with montmorillonite clay when modified with crude oil. The highest degree or extent of wettability alteration from oil-wet to intermediate-wet state upon injection with low salinity brines was observed for samples injected with brine having salinity concentration of 2000 ppm. The increase in temperature tends to produce contact angles values lying in the higher end of the intermediate-wet range (75°–115°) for samples treated at 50 °C, while their corresponding samples treated at 25 °C produced contact angle values lying in the lower end of intermediate-wet range.
Airborne Laser Scanning Based Forest Inventory: Comparison of Experimental Results for the Perm Region, Russia and Prior Results from Finland
Authors: Kauranne Tuomo , Pyankov Sergey , Junttila Virpi , Kedrov Alexander , Tarasov Andrey , Kuzmin Anton , Peuhkurinen Jussi , Villikka Maria , Vartio Ville-Matti , Sirparanta Sanna
Published: March 2017

Airborne laser scanning (ALS) based stand level forest inventory has been used in Finland and other Nordic countries for several years. In the Russian Federation, ALS is not extensively used for forest inventory purposes, despite a long history of research into the use of lasers for forest measurement that dates back to the 1970s. Furthermore, there is also no generally accepted ALS-based methodology that meets the official inventory requirements of the Russian Federation. In this paper, a method developed for Finnish forest conditions is applied to ALS-based forest inventory in the Perm region of Russia. Sparse Bayesian regression is used with ALS data, SPOT satellite images and field reference data to estimate five forest parameters for three species groups (pine, spruce, deciduous): total mean volume, basal area, mean tree diameter, mean tree height, and number of stems per hectare. Parameter estimates are validated at both the plot level and stand level, and the validation results are compared to results published for three Finnish test areas. Overall, relative root mean square errors (RMSE) were higher for forest parameters in the Perm region than for the Finnish sites at both the plot and stand level. At the stand level, relative RMSE generally decreased with increasing stand size and was lower when considered overall than for individual species groups.
Characterizing Spatial Neighborhoods of Refugia Following Large Fires in Northern New Mexico USA
Authors: Haire Sandra , Coop Jonathan , Miller Carol
Published: March 2017

The spatial patterns resulting from large fires include refugial habitats that support surviving legacies and promote ecosystem recovery. To better understand the diverse ecological functions of refugia on burn mosaics, we used remotely sensed data to quantify neighborhood patterns of areas relatively unchanged following the 2011 Las Conchas fire. Spatial patterns of refugia measured within 10-ha moving windows varied across a gradient from areas of high density, clustered in space, to sparsely populated neighborhoods that occurred in the background matrix. The scaling of these patterns was related to the underlying structure of topography measured by slope, aspect and potential soil wetness, and spatially varying climate. Using a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis of species cover data collected post-Las Conchas, we found that trees and forest associates were present across the refugial gradient, but communities also exhibited a range of species compositions and potential functions. Spatial patterns of refugia quantified for three previous burns (La Mesa 1977, Dome 1996, Cerro Grande 2000) were dynamic between fire events, but most refugia persisted through at least two fires. Efforts to maintain burn heterogeneity and its ecological functions can begin with identifying where refugia are likely to occur, using terrain-based microclimate models, burn severity models and available field data.
Finite Element Based Physical Chemical Modeling of Corrosion in Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Venkatesh , Garg Akhil , Gao Liang , Vijayaraghavan Rangarajan
Published: March 2017

Magnesium alloys have found widespread applications in diverse fields such as aerospace, automotive, bio-medical and electronics industries due to its relatively high strength-to-weight ratio. However, stress corrosion cracking of these alloys severely restricts their applications in several novel technologies. Hence, it will be useful to identify the corrosion mechanics of magnesium alloys under external stresses as it can provide further insights on design of these alloys for critical applications. In the present study, the corrosion mechanics of a commonly used magnesium alloy, AZ31, is studied using finite element simulation with a modified constitutive material damage model. The data obtained from the finite element modeling were further used to formulate a mathematical model using computational intelligence algorithm. Sensitivity and parametric analysis of the derived model further corroborated the mechanical response of the alloy in line with the corrosion physics. The proposed approach is anticipated to be useful for materials engineers for optimizing the design criteria for magnesium alloys catered for high temperature applications.
Impact of Isotonic Beverage on the Hydration Status of Healthy Chinese Adults in Air-Conditioned Environment
Authors: Siow Phei , Tan Wei , Henry Christiani
Published: March 2017

People living in tropical climates spend much of their time in confined air-conditioned spaces, performing normal daily activities. This study investigated the effect of distilled water (W) or isotonic beverage (IB) on the hydration status in subjects living under these conditions. In a randomized crossover design, forty-nine healthy male subjects either consumed beverage or IB over a period of 8 h (8 h) in a controlled air-conditioned environment. Blood, urine, and saliva samples were collected at baseline and after 8 h. Hydration status was assessed by body mass, urine output, blood and plasma volume, fluid retention, osmolality, electrolyte concentration and salivary flow rate. In the IB group, urine output (1862 ± 86 mL vs. 2104 ± 98 mL) was significantly lower and more fluids were retained (17% ± 3% vs. 7% ± 3%) as compared to W (p < 0.05) after 8 h. IB also resulted in body mass gain (0.14 ± 0.06 kg), while W led to body mass loss (−0.04 ± 0.05 kg) (p = 0.01). A significantly smaller drop in blood volume and lower free water clearance was observed in IB (−1.18% ± 0.43%; 0.55 ± 0.26 mL/min) compared to W (−2.11% ± 0.41%; 1.35 ± 0.24 mL/min) (p < 0.05). IB increased salivary flow rate (0.54 ± 0.05 g/min 0.62 ± 0.04 g/min). In indoor environments, performing routine activities and even without excessive sweating, isotonic beverages may be more effective at retaining fluids and maintaining hydration status by up to 10% compared to distilled water.
Nutritional and Metabolic Derangements in Pancreatic Cancer and Pancreatic Resection
Authors: Gilliland Taylor , Villafane-Ferriol Nicole , Shah Kevin , Shah Rohan , Tran Cao Hop , Massarweh Nader , Silberfein Eric , Choi Eugene , Hsu Cary , McElhany Amy , Barakat Omar , Fisher William , Van Buren George
Published: March 2017

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The disease and its treatment can cause significant nutritional impairments that often adversely impact patient quality of life (QOL). The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions and, in the setting of cancer, both systems may be affected. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) manifests as weight loss and steatorrhea, while endocrine insufficiency may result in diabetes mellitus. Surgical resection, a central component of pancreatic cancer treatment, may induce or exacerbate these dysfunctions. Nutritional and metabolic dysfunctions in patients with pancreatic cancer lack characterization, and few guidelines exist for nutritional support in patients after surgical resection. We reviewed publications from the past two decades (1995–2016) addressing the nutritional and metabolic status of patients with pancreatic cancer, grouping them into status at the time of diagnosis, status at the time of resection, and status of nutritional support throughout the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Here, we summarize the results of these investigations and evaluate the effectiveness of various types of nutritional support in patients after pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We outline the following conservative perioperative strategies to optimize patient outcomes and guide the care of these patients: (1) patients with albumin < 2.5 mg/dL or weight loss > 10% should postpone surgery and begin aggressive nutrition supplementation; (2) patients with albumin < 3 mg/dL or weight loss between 5% and 10% should have nutrition supplementation prior to surgery; (3) enteral nutrition (EN) should be preferred as a nutritional intervention over total parenteral nutrition (TPN) postoperatively; and, (4) a multidisciplinary approach should be used to allow for early detection of symptoms of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency alongside implementation of appropriate treatment to improve the patient’s quality of life.
Series Connected Photovoltaic Cells—Modelling and Analysis
Authors: Al Tarabsheh Anas , Akmal Muhammad , Ghazal Mohammed
Published: March 2017

As solar energy costs continue to drop, the number of large-scale deployment projects increases, and the need for different analysis models for photovoltaic (PV) modules in both academia and industry rises. This paper proposes a modified equivalent-circuit model for PV modules. A PV module comprises several series-connected PV cells, to generate more electrical power, where each PV cell has an internal shunt resistance. Our proposed model simplifies the standard one-diode equivalent-circuit (SEC) model by removing the shunt resistance and including its effect on the diode part of the circuit, while retaining the original model accuracy. Our proposed equivalent circuit, called here a modified SEC (MSEC), has less number of circuit elements. All of the PV cells are assumed operating under the same ambient conditions where they share the same electric voltage and current values. To ensure the simplification did not come at a reduction in the accuracy of the SEC model, we validate our MSEC model by simulating both under the same conditions, calculate, and compare their current/voltage (I/V) characteristics. Our results validate the accuracy of our model with the difference between the two models falling below 1%. Therefore, the proposed model can be adopted as an alternative representation of the equivalent circuit for PV cells and modules.
Modelling Land Use and Transport Policies to Measure Their Contribution to Urban Challenges: The Case of Madrid
Authors: Alonso Andrea , Monzón Andrés , Wang Yang
Published: March 2017

Urban areas play a key role in the development of European territories, and it is essential for them to be sustainable and efficient. However, the European cities are facing some challenges related to certain trends that are threatening their sustainable development and operational efficiency. In this paper, we compare the contribution of three policy measures—cordon toll accompanied by public transport improvements, teleworking and re-densification—to address different city challenges. The policy assessment requires a long term simulation tool, i.e., the MARS (Metropolitan Activity Relocation Simulator) model, which is able to consider interactions between land use and transport systems. The simulations of the different policy scenarios were carried out for the case of Madrid in the period 2012–2031. The contribution of the policy measures to address the city challenges was measured through different indicators. The results indicated that the three policy measures contributed to the time efficiency challenge, by saving time for the commute, reducing congestion and improving the traffic flows at peak hours. The most effective policy in this regard is the teleworking measure. Another challenge addressed by the three policies was the accessibility to PT. The three policy scenarios, when simulated, showed higher PT use, especially the cordon toll scenario. However, the only policy that really contributed to the energy, emissions and pollution city challenges was the re-densification measure, which reduced travel distances and encouraged a mobility that relies more on PT and slow modes.
A Greener, Quick and Comprehensive Extraction Approach for LC-MS of Multiple Mycotoxins
Authors: Breidbach Andreas
Published: March 2017

In food/feed control, mycotoxin analysis is often still performed “one analyte at a time”. Here a method is presented which aims at making mycotoxin analysis environmentally friendlier through replacing acetonitrile by ethyl acetate and reducing chemical waste production by analyzing four mycotoxins together, forgoing sample extract clean-up, and minimizing solvent consumption. For this, 2 g of test material were suspended in 8 mL water and 16 mL ethyl acetate were added. Extraction was accelerated through sonication for 30 min and subsequent addition of 8 g sodium sulfate. After centrifugation, 500 µL supernatant were spiked with isotopologues, dried down, reconstituted in mobile phase, and measured with LC-MS. The method was validated in-house and through a collaborative study and the performance was fit-for-purpose. Repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDs) between 16% at low and 4% at higher contaminations were obtained. The reproducibility RSDs were mostly between 12% and 32%. The trueness of results for T-2 toxin and Zearalenone were not different from 100%, for Deoxynivalenol and HT-2 toxin they were larger than 89%. The extraction was also adapted to a quick screening of Aflatoxin B1 in maize by flow-injection–mass spectrometry. Semi-quantitative results were obtained through standard addition and scan-based ion ratio calculations. The method proved to be a viable greener and quicker alternative to existing methods.
Hypera denominanda Capiomont, espèce nouvelle pour la faune de France (Coleoptera Curculionidae)
Authors: Delaunay Lionel , Allemand Roland
Published: March 2017

Hypera denominanda , espèce d'Europe centrale et septentrionale, a été découverte en altitude dans le Queyras (Hautes-Alpes) en compagnie de l'espèce voisine H. suspiciosa.
Description de Athous (Grypathous) lambeleti nov. sp. (Coleoptera : Elateridae) des Pyrénées-Atlantiques (France) et de Biscaye (Espagne)
Authors: Leseigneur Lucien
Published: March 2017

Athous (Grypathous ) lambeleti sp. nov. est décrit des Pyrénées-Atlantiques (France) et des environs de Guernica, Biscaye (Pays Basque espagnol) localité très proche de la frontière franco-espagnole. Cette espèce n'a pas été retrouvée depuis plus de trente ans malgré des prospections très actives dans sa localité d'origine (la forêt de Sare). Trois spécimens seulement sont actuellement connus.
Description d'Heyderia cucullata et réflexions sur l'existence d'un deuxième taxon Heyderia pusilla
Authors: Bacyk Bruno
Published: March 2017

Une description détaillée de Heyderia cucullata est proposée, l'existence de H. pusilla est confirmée grâce à la découverte d'un caractère microscopique différenciant ces deux espèces ; une clé est aussi proposée.
Leptotrochila cerastiorum (Wallr.) Schüepp, un discomycète parasite rare en France
Authors: Pellicier Philippe
Published: March 2017

Presentation and illustration of a small parasitic fungus growing on leaves of Cerastium, rarely collected in France.
Quand un botaniste se prend à lézarder au soleil de Tenerife
Authors: Danton Philippe
Published: March 2017

EPO: Canarias, Tenerife, lagartos actuales y fosiles.
Effets des tempêtes sur les coléoptères saproxyliques. Le cas des Eucnemidae dans quelques forêts feuillues d'Ile-de-France
Authors: Bouget Christophe , Leseigneur Lucien
Published: March 2017

Dans le cadre d'une étude sur l'impact de la tempête de 1999 sur la diversité des coléoptères saproxyliques dans les forêts feuillues de plaine en Ile-de-France, nous avons noté une abondance et une richesse spécifique importantes des Eucnemidae. 780 individus appartenant à 11 espèces ont été échantillonnés en 2001. Dans l'ensemble, les Eucnemidae sont plus abondants dans les témoins forestiers indemnes que dans les trouées de chablis, et ne profitent pas immédiatement de la concentration de bois mort. Nous signalons de forts effectifs & Hylis et la présence de certaines espèces remarquables, telles que Hylis simonae Olexa, Isorhipis marmottani Bonvouloir, Isorhipis melasoides Laporte, Eucnemis capucina Ahrens, Dromaeolus barnabita Villa.
Un Chilopode confirmé pour la faune de France : Cryptops umbricus Verhoeff, 1931 (Scolopendromorpha, Cryptopidae)
Authors: Iorio Étienne , Minelli Alessandro
Published: March 2017

Des spécimens du Scolopendromorphe italien Cryptops umbricus Verhoeff, 1931 (Scolopendromorpha Cryptopidae) ont été identifiés dans la collection de Chilopodes du Musée Zoologique de Strasbourg (MZS). Ils provenaient de Nice (Alpes-Maritimes). Cette espèce est confirmée pour la faune de France. Sa morphologie est examinée de façon approfondie et comparée à celle de Cryptops anomalans Newport, 1844. L'ensemble des données relatives à la présence de C. umbricus en Italie est mentionné.
Pinus, un genre venu du froid. Les Pins : biogéographie, systématique, détermination
Authors: Lebreton Philippe
Published: March 2017

Suite aux travaux anatomiques de Shaw les systématiciens subdivisent le genre Pinus en deux principaux sous-ensembles, Haploxylon (sous-genre Strobus ) et Diploxylon (sous-genre Pinus). Le premier est assez homogène et bien individualisé : ses espèces, en majorité asiatiques et très pauvres en isorhamnétine, comptent 5 aiguilles. Le second est hétérogène, avec trois sections majeures définies sur des critères à la fois morphométriques, biogéographiques et biochimiques : Taedoponderosoides (néarctique), Silvestres (holarctique), Halepenses (paléarctique). De multiples corrélations existent entre anatomie, nombre des aiguilles et situation éco-géographique, les Haploxylon (moins nombreux) étant majoritairement septentrionaux et cryophiles.

L'isorhamnétine foliaire dérive de la quercétine sous l'action d'une O-méthyl-transféra-se irréversible ; elle a donc valeur de marqueur dynamique et les taxons riches en flavonols méthylés sont évolués. Inversement, le groupe Haploxylon, très pauvre en isorhamnétine, est représentatif de la souche du genre, et le caractère «5 aiguilles » est à considérer comme primitif. Dans le groupe Diploxylon, plus évolué, la tendance s'accentue avec les phylums Silvestres, surtout en Europe moyenne, et Halepenses, surtout en Méditerranée. Le groupe morphologiquement polymorphe et variable (1 à 8 aiguilles) des pins mexicains de la section Pseudostrobus reste à discuter. Néanmoins, d'une manière générale, les pins de régions froides sont plus primitifs que ceux de régions chaudes. Un schéma évolutif général est proposé, qui voit dans l'ancien continent laurasien l'origine du genre Pinus, à partir duquel deux phylums américain et eurasiatique ont pu se constituer comme suit : baisse du nombre d'aiguilles et de la représentation du sous-genre Haploxylon, hausse de la méthylation (surtout sous climats secs et chauds), augmentation du nombre d'espèces (dans les «culs-de-sac » évolutifs constitués par l'Amérique centrale et la Méditerranée).

Une clé est proposée pour la douzaine de pins susceptibles d'être rencontrés, indigènes ou introduits, en Europe occidentale et centrale. Le nombre et la dimension des aiguilles sont d'abord considérés (avec trois sous-ensembles aux aiguilles respectivement courtes, moyennement longues et longues), puis la taille des cônes et la couleur de l'écorce sont sou¬ vent déterminants. La distribution géographique et écologique est également instructive, mais elle peut être prise en défaut par les introductions commises depuis plus d'un siècle par les sylviculteurs.
L'alimentation des coléoptères saproxyliques et notes sur les contenus stomacaux de cinq espèces
Authors: Dodelin Benoît , Pene Benjamin , André Jean
Published: March 2017

Les différents groupes fonctionnels et guildes dont relèvent les coléoptères saproxyliques sont présentés. La nomenclature est détaillée et les groupes écologiques sont replacés les uns par rapports aux autres dans les habitats que produit le bois mort ou en décomposition.

L'analyse en microscopie optique des contenus stomacaux d'adultes de Mycetoma suturale (Panzer), Serropalpus barbatus (Schallenberg) (Melandryidae) et Triplax rufipes (Fabricius) (Erotylidae) nous a permis de mettre en évidence l'ingestion de champignons chez M. suturale et T. rufipes. Des levures stomacales sont observées chez S. barbatus et T. rufipes. Aucune matière ligneuse n'a pu être décelée chez S. barbatus dont les larves vivent dans le bois de résineux en décomposition. Enfin, pour les deux Eucnemidae étudiés -Hylis olexai (Palm) et Xylophilus corticalis (Paykull) -, le tube digestif n'a pu être mis en évidence par dissection. Il est probable que celui-ci soit très fin, fragile et dégradé par les liquides de conservation plutôt que véritablement absent.
Concernant deux espèces d'Eleusine (Poales, Poaceae) dans l'agglomération lyonnaise
Authors: Munoz François , Girod Christophe
Published: March 2017

Nous rapportons ici nos observations sur la présence dans la région lyonnaise de deux graminées du genre Eleusine : Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam. et Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Il s'agit de deux plantes exotiques apparues récemment dans notre région et encore largement méconnues. Après un court développement sur la biologie et l'écologie de ces espèces, nous recensons les populations observées dans l'agglomération et concluons sur l'expansion spectaculaire que l'on peut attendre de E. indica.
Contribution à l'étude de la flore beaujolaise. Partie 1 : principaux groupements végétaux du Haut-Beaujolais
Authors: Munoz François , Dutartre Gilles
Published: March 2017

Voici la première partie d'une contribution synthétisant nos observations de terrain dans le Beaujolais. Après une description générale de la zone d'étude, nous présentons et discutons de manière analytique les principaux groupements végétaux du Haut-Beaujolais. Ce travail rappelle en outre les jalons bibliographiques qui permettent d'étudier dans une perspective historique l'évolution de la végétation.
Description de la larve de Aeletes atomarius (Aubé, 1842) (Coleoptera, Histeridae)
Authors: Gomy Yves , Orousset Jean
Published: March 2017

La larve de Aeletes atomarius (Aubé, 1 842) est décrite, ses principaux caractères sont représentés et discutés.
Contribution à l'étude de la flore beaujolaise. Partie 2 : Catalogue floristique
Authors: Munoz François , Dutartre Gilles
Published: March 2017

Flora of the Beaujolais area (east of Massif central, France) -Part 2 : Botanical survey.

We present in a two-part publication our most recent botanical observations in Haut-Beaujolais (Rhone district, France ; 1998-2006). The first part (Munoz & Dutartre, 2007b) provided a general overview of the main encountered vegetation types, while the second part is here devoted to enumerating our observations for the most typical species in Haut-Beaujolais.
Diagnose d'un Tragocephalini du Gabon appartenant à un genre nouveau (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)
Authors: Delahaye Norbert , Sudre Jérôme , Téocchi Pierre
Published: March 2017

Description et illustration de Pseudonyctopais sticticus, genre et espèce nouveaux de Coléoptère Cerambycidae de la forêt du nord du Gabon. Nous comparons ce taxon avec le genre Falsonyctopais Lepesme, 1949.
Fin d'une station ligérienne de Serapias lingua L. (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Delaigue Jacques
Published: March 2017

L'auteur étudie une station de Serapias lingua L. de la Loire et les raisons de sa disparition progressive.
Une deuxième station française d'Agonum alpestre alpestre (Heer, 1841) (Coleoptera Harpalidae Platynini)
Authors: Coulon Jacques
Published: March 2017

Agonum alpestre alpestre (Heer, 1841), espèce alpine rare et localisée, n'était connu en France que du col du Petit Saint-Bernard (Savoie). Une deuxième station est signalée : col du Granon (Hautes-Alpes).
Le groupe de Lesticus chloronotus Chaudoir, 1868 (Coleoptera, Pterostichidae, Trigonotomi)
Authors: Dubault Gérard , Lassalle Bernard , Roux Philippe
Published: March 2017

Définition du groupe de Lesticus chloronotus Chaudoir, 1868 ; description de trois espèces nouvelles, tableau de détermination et catalogue des espèces.
La Société Linnéenne de Lyon et les sciences de la terre
Authors: Rulleau Louis
Published: March 2017

Au XIXe et au début du XXe siècles, un certain nombre de sociétés savantes lyonnaises se sont partagé les faveurs des naturalistes, amateurs ou professionnels, intéressés par les sciences de la terre. Parmi ces sociétés, la Société linnéenne de Lyon a compté parmi ses membres des géologues éminents, comme Leymerie, Fontannes, Chantre, Depéret ou Roman. Ces chercheurs, et bien d'autres moins connus, ont publié de nombreux articles géologiques, minéralogiques ou paléontologiques dans les Annales ou le Bulletin de la Société linnéenne.
La formation des collections de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon
Authors: Bange Christian , Tupinier Yves
Published: March 2017

The collections of the Société Linnéenne de Lyon and their history When the Société Linnéenne de Lyon was established in 1822, every member was obliged to give herbarium sheets and specimens of natural history, and some years later, the company could be proud of its "little museum". From 1840, however, this policy was given up, and the Society restricted oneself to preserve collections received by gift or bequeath, mainly during the XXth century. The history of these collections (botanical, entomological and mineralogical) is reported and their scientific significance is discussed.
Graphene functionalised by laser-ablated V2O5 for a highly sensitive NH3 sensor
Authors: Kodu Margus , Berholts Artjom , Kahro Tauno , Kook Mati , Ritslaid Peeter , Seemen Helina , Avarmaa Tea , Alles Harry , Jaaniso Raivo
Published: March 2017

Graphene has been recognized as a promising gas sensing material. The response of graphene-based sensors can be radically improved by introducing defects in graphene using, for example, metal or metal oxide nanoparticles. We have functionalised CVD grown, single-layer graphene by applying pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of V2O5 which resulted in a thin V2O5 layer on graphene with average thickness of ≈0.6 nm. From Raman spectroscopy, it was concluded that the PLD process also induced defects in graphene. Compared to unmodified graphene, the obtained chemiresistive sensor showed considerable improvement of sensing ammonia at room temperature. In addition, the response time, sensitivity and reversibility were essentially enhanced due to graphene functionalisation by laser deposited V2O5. This can be explained by an increased surface density of gas adsorption sites introduced by high energy atoms in laser ablation plasma and formation of nanophase boundaries between deposited V2O5 and graphene.
Magnetoacoustic Waves in a Stratified Atmosphere with a Magnetic Null Point
Authors: Tarr Lucas A. , Linton Mark , Leake James
Published: March 2017

We perform nonlinear MHD simulations to study the propagation of magnetoacoustic waves from the photosphere to the low corona. We focus on a 2D system with a gravitationally stratified atmosphere and three photospheric concentrations of magnetic flux that produce a magnetic null point with a magnetic dome topology. We find that a single wavepacket introduced at the lower boundary splits into multiple secondary wavepackets. A portion of the packet refracts toward the null owing to the varying Alfvén speed. Waves incident on the equipartition contour surrounding the null, where the sound and Alfvén speeds coincide, partially transmit, reflect, and mode-convert between branches of the local dispersion relation. Approximately 15.5% of the wavepacket’s initial energy (E
input) converges on the null, mostly as a fast magnetoacoustic wave. Conversion is very efficient: 70% of the energy incident on the null is converted to slow modes propagating away from the null, 7% leaves as a fast wave, and the remaining 23% (0.036E
input) is locally dissipated. The acoustic energy leaving the null is strongly concentrated along field lines near each of the null’s four separatrices. The portion of the wavepacket that refracts toward the null, and the amount of current accumulation, depends on the vertical and horizontal wavenumbers and the centroid position of the wavepacket as it crosses the photosphere. Regions that refract toward or away from the null do not simply coincide with regions of open versus closed magnetic field or regions of particular field orientation. We also model wavepacket propagation using a WKB method and find that it agrees qualitatively, though not quantitatively, with the results of the numerical simulation.
Expériences de la vieillesse en établissement à deux siècles d’intervalle : l’humanisation en question
Authors: Richelle Sophie , Loffeier Iris
Published: March 2017

Les établissements de prise en charge de la vieillesse ont souvent été présentés comme des lieux aux conditions de vie extrêmes, sans histoire, sans contexte et ne connaissant aucun changement jusqu’à la deuxième moitié du xx e siècle. La confrontation de deux enquêtes portant sur des périodes que deux siècles séparent et mettant en œuvre des approches empruntées respectivement à l’histoire et à la sociologie nous a conduites à réinterroger de telles descriptions. Elle permet notamment de montrer que le concept d’humanisation apparaît plus comme une caractéristique intrinsèque des établissements qu’une invention postérieure aux années 1970.
Politiques et sciences sociales de la vieillesse en France (1962-2016) : de la retraite à la dépendance
Authors: Weber Florence
Published: March 2017

Comment comprendre la difficulté des sciences sociales françaises à s’emparer du thème de la vieillesse, alors même que la société française est confrontée à la question démographique et économique du vieillissement de la population depuis les années 1990 ? Ce constat, fondé sur une revue de littérature, révèle les difficultés des politiques sociales françaises à combiner retraites, lutte contre la pauvreté et professionnalisation de la prise en charge. Depuis 1962 et le rapport Laroque, deux approches de la vieillesse se sont succédé sans discontinuité apparente. Après une période centrée sur la pauvreté et l’isolement des retraités ayant peu cotisé, les sociologues se sont reconvertis au cours des années 1980 dans l’étude des pathologies invalidantes du grand âge, en lien avec la gériatrie. La canicule de 2003, et l’abandon des corps des défunts parisiens, met en évidence la myopie du débat public en France qui tarde à prendre la mesure d’une situation climatique exceptionnelle et à s’appuyer sur la complémentarité entre aide familiale, voisinage et aide professionnelle.
L’échec de Hollande sur l’écologie est aussi celui d’EELV
Authors: Farbiaz Patrick
Published: March 2017

Énergie, agriculture, climat, infrastructures, etc. : en matière d’écologie, les renoncements et les reculs auront été nombreux sous le quinquennat de François Hollande. Si ce bilan est sombre, il appartient également à Europe Ecologie Les Verts (EELV) qui y a participé pendant les deux premières années, avant de s’isoler sur la scène nationale et de subir plusieurs revers électoraux. Patrick Farbiaz dresse un tableau sans concession de la crise de l’écologie politique, dont les racines sont toutefois plus anciennes. Désormais au pied du mur, l’écologie politique se trouve enjointe à repenser son orientation stratégique, son ancrage social et son positionnement au sein de la gauche post-croissance.
Podemos : l’irruption d’un nouveau parti politique en Espagne
Authors: Nez Héloïse
Published: March 2017

Podemos est un phénomène à la fois récent et en pleine expansion : ce parti qui a émergé il y a trois ans en Espagne, dans la foulée du mouvement des Indignés, est aujourd’hui l’un des principaux acteurs de la scène politique nationale. Il est également devenu un référent de la gauche anti-austérité en Europe. Cet article revient sur les origines de Podemos pour comprendre l’émergence d’un nouveau parti politique sur le continent européen. Il souligne la spécificité du contexte de crise à l’échelle nationale, interroge les relations avec le mouvement des Indignés et s’intéresse aux trajectoires et références des fondateurs du parti.
L’antiracisme politique et la gauche : une alliance possible ?
Authors: Boughatene Malika , Avner Karen , Lazard-Peillon Bertrand
Published: March 2017

Alcir, l’Association de Lutte contre l’Islamophobie et les Racismes de Paris 20, organisait le 21 septembre 2016 son meeting « Pour un Printemps de la liberté, de l’égalité, de la fraternité », en riposte contre le « Printemps républicain », courant laïciste et islamophobe composé essentiellement de personnalités du PS. Lancé le 14 juillet, l’appel « Agir contre l’islamophobie et les racismes » interpellait toute la gauche sur les conditions d’une alliance. Alors que les discours islamophobes des politiques s’intensifient en cette année électorale, aucun parti ne semble s’en inquiéter, tandis que le mouvement antiraciste politique est divisé sur cette question : une alliance est-elle possible avec la gauche ? Et si oui, à quelles conditions ? Trois membres d’Alcir tentent de poser les termes du débat.
Wang Tiling Based Enrichment Functions for Extended Finite Element Method
Authors: Doškář Martin , Novák Jan , Zeman Jan
Published: March 2017

The Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) enhances the approximation space of the standard Finite Element Method (FEM) with functions reflecting local features in order to yield more accurate results with less degrees of freedom. XFEM performance is, thus, closely related to the quality of enrichment functions. Analogously to our previous works, in which we have employed the concept of Wang tiles to assembly microstructure geometries, in this contribution we use Wang tiles to assemble microstructure-informed enrichment functions. We compare two ways of generating the enrichments: (i) inspired by the first-order numerical homogenization and (ii) based on spectral analysis of the global stiffness matrix for the whole set. The methodology and performance of both approaches are illustrated through a linear diffusion problem in two dimensions
Locking Removal Techniques for the Isogeometric Formulation of Curved Beams
Authors: Dvořáková Edita , Patzák Bořek
Published: March 2017

The isogeometric formulation seems to be advantageous especially when it comes to curved geometries such as curved beams and shells. In this paper, the NURBS isogeometric formulation of beam element is presented. The same basis functions are used for both geometry description and unknown approximations so there is no accuracy loss caused by a geometry approximation. The element is based on Timoshenko beam theory which enables the use of the element for both thick and thin beams, nevertheless in case of thin beams the shear-locking phenomena is observed. In the paper it is shown that the reduced integration is insufficient for locking removal and capability of Discrete Shear Gap (DSG) method to unlock the elements is examined. For clear demonstration of locking-removal techniques the implemented element is first tested for the case of straight beam, then the performance is demonstrated on the curved geometry.
Künzel Model and Boundary Inverse Problem
Authors: Havelka Jan , Sýkora Jan
Published: March 2017

In order to obtain material properties of a given system it is convenient in many casesto perform only noninvasive, i.e. boundary measurements. Our interest is then focused on buildingmaterials and their functionality when exposed to heat and moisture. To describe the underlying phenomena of heat and moisture transfer we use Künzel model with stochastic description of materialproperties for its relative simplicity and sufficient accuracy. For the inverse procedure weintend to utilize the Calderón’s problem framework which is regularly used in medical imaging asElectrical Impedance Tomography and is based on knowing Dirichlet-to-Neumann or Neumannto-Dirichlet map.Overall this work serves as a preliminary study of both aforementioned computational models andits goal is therefore to build up a solid foundations for further redefinition of both models in order tofit the realistic loading conditions for building structures.
Parameter Study on Subset Simulation for Reliability Assessment
Authors: Hlobilová Adéla , Lepš Matěj
Published: March 2017

Small probability of failure characterizes a good structural design. Prediction of such a structural safety is time consuming considering that sampling methods such as Monte Carlo method or Latin Hypercube sampling are used. Therefore, more specialized methods are developed. A Subset simulation is one of the new techniques based on modifying the failure event as an intersection of nested intermediate events that are easier to solve. This paper deals with a parameter study of the Subset simulation with modified Metropolis algorithm for Markov chain Monte Carlo using distinct proposal distributions. Different setting is then compared on reliability assessment benchmarks, namely on two mathematical functions with different failure probabilities and on a 23-bar planar truss bridge.
Quasicontinuum Method Combined with Anisotropic Microplane Model
Authors: Mikeš Karel , Jirásek Milan
Published: March 2017

The quasicontinuum method (QC) is a multiscale simulation technique used in computational mechanics. The QC combines fast continuum and exact atomistic approaches. In the present work, the QC idea is applied to particle systems with elastic links representing the material microstructure. The material model based on the idea of microplanes is used to provide a continuous representation of microstructure. In the microplane model, the constitutive relations are defined on planes with various orientations and the macroscopic stress is obtained by integration over all possible directions of microplanes. But this approach do not work well in combination with the QC approach if the microplane orientations are assumed to be uniformly distributed. Therefore, an anisotropic version of the microplane model, which takes into account the specific directions of individual links, is proposed and implemented in finite element solver OOFEM. Accuracy and specific properties of QC-inspired approaches with different types of microplane models are evaluated by comparison with the fully resolved particle model.
Resource Characterization and Statistical Modeling of Ocean Current at the Gulf Stream
Authors: Suzuki Takuya , Mahfuz Hassan , Canino Marco
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe developed a statistical ocean current model based on data collected from the Gulf Stream along the Florida Straits. Due to the random nature of ocean current velocity, the model was described by a Gaussian probability density function. Like wind speed distribution,
the power spectral density (PSD) of ocean current velocity is distributed over a wide range of frequencies but characterized by distinguishable peaks resulting from tidal currents. Accordingly, the total velocity was considered as a sum of the mean velocity and a random component. To account
for the tidal effect, a tidal current component was added based on PSD values. In addition, the model was formulated as a function of normalized depth that could be used at any site for resource characterization. For validation, the proposed model was used to predict mean velocity and standard
deviation at four different sites along the Gulf Stream. Predicted values were then compared with measured data at those four locations, and a good correlation was observed.
Synovial Fibroblasts Selectively Suppress Th1 Cell Responses through IDO1-Mediated Tryptophan Catabolism
Authors: Tykocinski Lars-Oliver , Lauffer Anna M. , Bohnen Antonia , Kaul Nathalie-Christin , Krienke Stefan , Tretter Theresa , Adam Isabell , Mohapatra Soumya R. , Saikali Philippe , Löhning Max , Neidhart Michel , Gay Steffen , Oezen Iris , Platten Michael , Opitz Christiane A. , Lorenz Hanns-Martin
Published: March 2017

The development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is linked to functional changes in synovial fibroblasts (SF) and local infiltration of T lymphocytes. Fibroblasts possess the capacity to suppress T cell responses, although the molecular mechanisms of this suppression remain incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to define the mechanisms by which noninflammatory SF modulate Th cell responses and to determine the immunosuppressive efficacy of RASF. Hence, the influence of SF from osteoarthritis or RA patients on total Th cells or different Th cell subsets of healthy donors was analyzed in vitro. We show that SF strongly suppressed the proliferation of Th cells and the secretion of IFN-γ in a cell contact–independent manner. In cocultures of SF and Th cells, tryptophan was completely depleted within a few days, resulting in eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation, TCRζ-chain downregulation, and proliferation arrest. Blocking IDO1 activity completely restored Th cell proliferation, but not IFN-γ production. Interestingly, only the proliferation of Th1 cells, but not of Th2 or Th17 cells, was affected. Finally, RASF had a significantly lower IDO1 expression and a weaker Th cell suppressive capacity compared with osteoarthritis SF. We postulate that the suppression of Th cell growth by SF through tryptophan catabolism may play an important role in preventing inappropriate Th cell responses under normal conditions. However, expansion of Th17 cells that do not induce IDO1-mediated suppression and the reduced capacity of RASF to restrict Th cell proliferation through tryptophan metabolism may support the initiation and propagation of synovitis in RA patients.
The Lower Limit of Regulatory CD4+ Foxp3+ TCRβ Repertoire Diversity Required To Control Autoimmunity
Authors: Yu Aixin , Dee Michael J. , Adeegbe Dennis , Dwyer Connor J. , Altman Norman H. , Malek Thomas R.
Published: March 2017

The TCR repertoire of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is highly diverse. The relevance of this diversity to maintain self-tolerance remains unknown. We established a model where the TCR repertoire of normal polyclonal Tregs was limited by serial transfers into IL-2Rβ−/− mice, which lack functional Tregs. After a primary transfer, the donor Treg TCR repertoire was substantially narrowed, yet the recipients remained autoimmune-free. Importantly, upon purification and transfer of donor-derived Tregs from an individual primary recipient into neonatal IL-2Rβ−/− mice, the secondary recipients developed autoimmunity. In this study, the Treg TCRβ repertoire was reshaped and further narrowed. In contrast, secondary IL-2Rβ recipients showed fewer symptoms of autoimmunity when they received donor Tregs that were premixed from several primary recipients to increase their TCRβ repertoire diversity. About 8–11% of the Treg TCRβ repertoire was estimated to be the minimum required to establish and maintain tolerance in primary IL-2Rβ−/− recipients. Collectively, these data quantify where limitations imposed on the Treg TCRβ repertoire results in a population of Tregs that cannot fully suppress polyclonal autoreactive T cells. Our data favor a model where the high diversity of the Treg TCR provides a mechanism for Tregs to actively adapt and effectively suppress autoreactive T cells, which are not fixed, but are evolving as they encounter self-antigens.