bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical Properties of Mg(OH)2 Using First-Principles Method
Authors: Ren Qing Li , Luo Qiang , Hou Yan Hong
Published: December 2011

The optical properties of the Mg (OH)2 crystalline powder samples, which were prepared by us, were investigated by first-principles method. The calculated results show that the static state dielectric function ε1(0) for Mg (OH)2 is 2.8673. The peak value range for the Mg (OH)2 absorption coefficient is mainly in the energy range from 45.521 eV to 66.0213 eV. Moreover, absorption coefficient researches its maximum, which is 1490460cm-1, at the energy of 63.7988eV. Besides, when energy is greater than 66.3901eV, the reflectivity rate is one. And the average static state refractive rate n (0) for Mg (OH)2 is 1.6292. While the maximum peak of energy loss function for Mg (OH)2 is in 20.4755eV.
CASTEP Calculation of Surface Property of Mullite Composites and Analysis of Crystal Growth Habit
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Nan Chun , Li Quan Hong , Tang Xin
Published: December 2011

According to the conditions of preparation of mullite composites by open-system hydrothermal crystallization method, surface energies of mullite crystal were calculated by the first principle plane pseudo-potential. Growth habit plane of mullite composites was also discussed and analyzed. The calculation results demonstrate that surface energies of (001), (010), (100), (210) and (120) of mullite crystal are 0.337KeV•nm-2, 0.029KeV•nm-2, 0.027KeV•nm-2, 0.032KeV•nm-2, 0.037KeV•nm-2, respectively. That is to say, the surface energies of mullite crystal follow the order of (001) >> (210) > (120) > (100) > (010). It is also found that E(001) is much larger than others. According to Curie-Wulff principle, growth rate of crystal face is directly proportional to its surface energy, which shows that growth rate of mullite crystal in (001) direction is the fastest and mullite crystal is favorable for one-dimensional growth to columnar.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Walnut-Like α-Ni(OH)2 Architectures and their In Situ Thermal Convention to NiO
Authors: Suo Zhi Rong , Liu Hui , Wei Na
Published: December 2011

The walnut-like α-Ni (OH)2architectures have been successfully synthesized through a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method using urea as a hydrolysis-controlling agent and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a surfactant. The NiO architectures with similar morphology were obtained by a simple thermal decomposition process of the precursor α-Ni (OH)2. The as-obtained products were well characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and FTIR. The experimental results shown that walnut-like α-Ni (OH)2architectures with a diameter of 2-6 μm. The formation process of Ni (OH)2architectures was observed by SEM via different hydrothermal reaction times.
In Vivo Stability and Biodistribution of Quantum Dots by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Hao Chun Li
Published: December 2011

Here we studied in vivo stability and biodistribution of quantum dots. Their distribution in vivo at various time points were determined by measuring the amount of cadmium ions and selenium ions in various organs by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The amount of cadmium ions was higher in liver than in other organs at all times. The amount of cadmium ions in kidney and spleen were increased gradually in time-dependent. There are also obviously increased cadmium ions in lung and heart at all times compared to the control. However the amount of selenium ions was high in all organs except for brain before the 3rd day.
The Efficiency Change of Spiral Classifier with Different Overflow Discharge Methods
Authors: Zhou Xing Long , Wang Xiang , Zhang Xiao Ming , Qing Luo Xiao
Published: December 2011

The basic structure, classification principle and low efficiency of the traditional spiral classifier were analyzed. The trial industrial comparative experiment was carried out by using φ300×4500 spiral classifier with the two-sided overflow and the port side overflow at the same parameter. The experimental results showed that, the qualified fine materials could overflow with the shortest distance by using two-sided overflow method, which avoided circulation circuit of fine materials and reduced the content of-200 mesh fine materials in the sinking sand down lower 2-5 percentage points compared with the port side overflow. At the same time, adjusting the overflow emissions height of two-sided overflow could delay the settling time of coarse mineral which reduced the content of +200 mesh materials of the overflow discharge lower 5-8 percentage points than the port side overflow. Compared with the port side overflow, the classification efficiency was improved about from 40% to 60%, and the average increase rate was up to 17%. The improvement of overflow discharge can be used not only for the adjusting of present spiral classifiers but also for making new machines, which is of a significant application prospect.
Influence of Salt Aid on Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline CeO2 Powders
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Ai , Wang Hai Rong , Li Ze Song , Shen Ying Ping
Published: December 2011

The present article reports the results of studies related to the synthesis of nanocrystalline ceria powder by combustion process using salt combustion aid. Cerium nitrate as oxidant and urea as fuel were used as reagents, Sodium Chloride was compared as combustion aid. The phase analysis and particle size were compared. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that employment of starting fuel with combustion aid resulted in synthesizing nanocrystalline ceria powder with fine agglomerates. By using combustion aid, the energetics of the combustion reaction and particle characteristics have been changed.
Rapid Deposition of Hydroxyapatite on Mg-Alloy by Biomineralization Method
Authors: Xu Chen Yang , Wang Qi , Ban Hong Yu , Xu Wei
Published: December 2011

Rapid deposition of hydroxyapatite on Mg-alloy in concentrated simulated body fluid (5×SBF) and modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF) was investigated. By biomineralization method, hydroxyapatite coating was deposited on Mg-alloy with pre-calcification treatment. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction instrument (XRD) were applied to analyze the deposition product of biomineralization and the related mechanism. The results showed that pre-calcification treatment on Mg-alloy can lead to a quite rapid deposition of hydroxyapatite. Ionic concentrations in SBF solutions affected the structure of hydroxyapatite greatly. A homogeneous plate-like apatite coating was induced on Mg alloy sample in m-SBF solution which is promising for the future practice.
Experimental Study on Anti-Shear Properties of Floor Heave Control Anchor of Deep Soft Rock
Authors: Zeng Kai Hua , Ju Hai Yan , Wang Chun Guang
Published: December 2011

With the increase of Chinese mining depth, the deformation of deep soft rock is an increasingly serious problem, such as floor heave. The shear experiments of the different types of anchor were carried out. The results show that the anti-shear properties of the seamless anchor are higher than that of the seam anchor. It is significant for the anti-shear properties of anchor filled with different materials, like twisted steel, cement. The shear value of anchor inserted steel is the maximum, grouted one is the next and hollow one is the minimum. After steel installed, the anchor has better shear performance, it not only has greater anti-shear property, but has the secondary supported property because of the double-load peak during shear process. At the same time, the experiments also show that the anchor fixed into the floor in some angle, can effectively control the deformation of the floor heave of deep rock roadway. The studies can offer scientific basis for parameter design optimization of the anchor controlling the deformation of the floor heave.
The Influence Factor of Removal Humic Acid from Wastewater Using Cucurbiturils
Authors: Yang Qin , Yang Yong Li , Wang Wen Dong , Ge Man , Li Dan
Published: December 2011

Adsorption of three different source humic acid (HAⅠ:shaihai JuFeng Technology Co., Ltd,china; HAⅡ:Sigma,American; HAⅢ:Lingshi hope preparation plant,Japan) in wastewater by Cucurbiturils was explored. The factors of effect of the removal rate of HA, such as amount of initial adsorbent,HA concentration, and pH values were investigated. The results of adsorption show that:the maximum capacity of HAⅠ,HAⅡ,HAⅢ at equilibrium (Qe) and percentage of adsor-ption (η/%) are 9.88 mg·g-1(99.59%), 8.22 mg·g-1(99.84%),8.19 mg·g-1 (99.39%), respectively, when HA concentration, temperature, pH value and fixed adsorbent dose are 10 mg·L-1, 298 K, 6.5 and 2.4g·L-1; Adsorption amount of HA over cucurbiturils decreased with the increasing of solution pH,and increased with increasing of cation concentration;Adsorption amount of HA on cucurbiturils after four successive adsorption regeneration cycles was decreased from16.29mg·g-1 to 11.45mg·g-1. In conclusion,we found that the Cucurbiturils were significantly effective for the removal of HA and can be recycled from wastewater.
Tensile Properties of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete after High Temperature
Authors: Zheng Wen Zhong , Li Hai Yan , Wang Ying , Xie Heng Yan
Published: December 2011

87 prismatic flexural steel fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete (RPC) specimens with the size of 40mm×40mm×160mm were tested as well as 87 dumbbell-shaped axis tensile RPC specimens after being exposed to different high temperatures. The effect of steel fiber content and heating temperature on the flexural and tensile strength of steel fiber-reinforced RPC was analyzed. With the steel fiber content increasing, the flexural and tensile strength of steel fiber-reinforced RPC after high temperature improve significantly, and they increase first and then decrease with the heating temperature elevated, and the critical temperatures are 200¡æ and 120¡æ, respectively. Equations are established to express the relationship between the flexural and tensile strength of steel fiber-reinforced RPC and the heating temperature. The theoretical curves are in good agreement with the test data.
Study on the Effect of Shield Tunnel Construction on Underground Pipeline Deformation by Experiment and Monitoring
Authors: Liu Li Jian , Zhang Lei Yu , Lan Jiao Xia , Wang Mei Li
Published: December 2011

The field socket gas pipeline is taken to make the loading experiment in order to study the deformation and force state of the pipelines and the limit value of the deformation curvature of the pipeline．The monitoring data from the shield tunnel construction are analyzed, the effect of shield tunneling on the deformation of ground surface and buried pipelines is studied, and the rationality of the deformation monitoring value of gas pipelines in the Shenyang area is discussed．
Analysis Acid Corrosion Behavior of Epoxy Coating under Stress
Authors: Yan Xin E , Su Xiao Bei
Published: December 2011

By analyzing effort factors of epoxy coating adhesion such as water absorption, acid corrosion and cycles stress, the acid carrion behaviors of epoxy resins as coating under stress have be evaluated. The results showed that under solution swelling, mechanical load and aggressive media interaction, epoxy coating adhesion drop distinctly and completely lost the ability of corrosion protection.
State of the Art Stainless Steel Provides Improved Properties for Widely Varying Applications
Authors: Song Quan Ming , Wert David
Published: December 2011

Carpenter Technology Corporation’s Custom 465® stainless steel is a state-of-the-art alloy which has seen its applications expanding at a rapid rate. This alloy is a premium double vacuum melted (VIM/VAR) martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel that offers an excellent combination of strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. With its exceptional properties, design engineers have specified the alloy for high-performance components in various industries, such as aerospace, industrial, energy, consumer and medical. The high strength, greater than 250 ksi (1722 MPa) typical, and toughness of the alloy have allowed Custom 465 stainless to be used as a high-strength upgrade to conventional PH stainless steels such as 13-8 and 17-4. The addition of corrosion resistance to the high strength and toughness properties has allowed the alloy to be used as a stainless alternative to non-stainless steels such as AISI 4340 and 300M. This paper will compare mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of Custom 465 stainless steel to those of other PH stainless steels such as 17-4, 15-5, and 13-8, as well as to those of other aerospace alloys such as 300M and AerMet® 100 alloy. In addition, examples of the varied uses of the alloy will be provided, these examples will highlight the benefits obtained by the use of Custom 465 stainless steel over the previous alloys of choice for the applications.
Preparation and Characterization of Cu2O Thin Films by Electrodeposition
Authors: Yu Xiao Jiao , Zhang A Man , Zhang Jian , Zhao Jie , Yao Bing Hua , Liu Guang Jun
Published: December 2011

Cu2O thin films is preparated through electrodeposition with conductive glass of coating indium tin oxide as work electrode.The effects of various factor upon Cu2O film morphology are investigated.The best conditions of electrodeposition Cu2O film are discussed.The deposition potential is determined by Linear sweep voltammetry.The results indicate that when pH is 5.50~ 6.00, the concentrations of Cu (CH3COO)2 is 0.015 ~ 0.04 mol/L,and the deposition potential is-0.075 ~ 0.225 V (vs SCE),Cu2O thin films morphology is dendritic crystal.
Electrochemical Research on Cl- which Destroys the Surface Passivation Film of T23 in Supercritical Water Tubes
Authors: Su Wei , Li Yu Chun , Yu Fei , Lu Guo Hua , Chen Yuan , Meng Qun Hui , Wang Wei Xia
Published: December 2011

This article with the electrochemistry workstation, electrochemical noise, SEM, X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) has studied the corrosion behavior of Cl- which destroys the surface passivation film of T23 materials in supercritical water tubes. According to the experimental results and analysis, it can be concluded as followed: material was immersed in passivation solution for 7200S electrochemistry noise (ECN) testing, after 6000S, the potential and current tended to be stable. To unify ECN, Tafel curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it was considered that the material surface had formed passivation film. But the first 1500S noise potential and current fell rapidly in the 7200S erosion process, Tafel curve passivation area and EIS second arc disappeared, the potential and current was stable after 1500S. So the passivation film of material surface was destroyed, and Fe3O4 product gradually formed on the surface, finally the material corrosion entered into stable state.
An Investigation of Environmental Reduction Factor for GFRP Bar Used as Concrete Reinforcement in China
Authors: Huang Jian Wei
Published: December 2011

Currently, an environmental reduction factor (ERF) is incorporated in design codes/guidelines of Fiber Reinforced-Polymer (FRP) in reinforced concrete (RC) structures to account for the FRP long-term durability. Due to the lack of real time durability data, justification of the ERF is still necessitated. This paper presents a calibration of ERF for GFRP bar to be used in China on the basis of the prediction of GFRP long-term performance with monthly average temperature records from 32 major cities. Research results show that the ERF values vary from 0.49 to 0.58 at 100% R.H. exposure, while ERFs are greater than 0.70 for all cases being studied when R.H. is below 90%. On the basis of this study, ERF can be recommended as of 0.70 and 0.50 for application with R.H. <90% and moisture saturated exposures, respectively.
Investigation of Surface Coating Preparation of High-Aluminum Bronze Alloy by Induction Remelting Process
Authors: Yang Xiao Tian , Wang Zhi Ping , Lu Yang , Li Xia
Published: December 2011

With the oxygen-acetylene flame spray technology, the high aluminum copper alloy coating (Cu-14Al-X) was precasted in surface of steel 45#. Then, the coating was remelted by using the high frequency induction heating technology. Using the optical microscope, EPMA,the coating organization, interface combination and interface element diffusion was analysised. The results showed that the high frequency induction remelting process can prepare metallurgicalbonding interface, get good rid of the oxide residue of coating, and get compact structure coating. From this investigation, The conclusion can get that high frequency induction remelting process has the ability of the preparation of non-self-fluxing coating of copper-based alloy, and there was a good interface combination attribute the success to interdiffusion of the coating elements and substrate elements.
Measurements of Shearing Property of High N Alloy Steel at Super High Strain Rates
Authors: Chen Xiao An , Song Shun Cheng , Wang Ting Hui
Published: December 2011

In order to obtain the dynamic shearing property of high N alloy steel, the plugging test was performed by using the improved Hopkinson pressure bar system. As dynamic shearing strengths, the dynamic shearing energies during plugging process of two type high N alloy steels were determined from the shearing constitutive relationship at different super high strain rates. According to the theory of dislocation dynamics in Seeger equation, a dynamic shearing damage constitutive relationship was established and the different parameters of this material were determined by using the curve fitting method. The measured results indicated that the dynamic shearing property of high N alloy steel could be obtained effectively by the improved Hopkinson pressure bar system, and the effects of strain rate could be simulated by dynamic shearing damage constitutive relationship.
Seismic Energy Response Analysis for Bridge Structures of Passenger Dedicated Line
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Yu Min , Bai Hua
Published: December 2011

The energy equations of multiple degree of freedom bridges are established based on the energy equilibrium theory. And, the finite element analysis model of one double-column pier of passenger dedicated line is established in order to research the seismic energy response and its distribution rules. The study results are obtained as follow: The seismic input energy is equal to the sum of other seismic energy response of bridge at any instant. Meanwhile, the rationality of seismic energy equations can also be verified. And, the flexible base can only affect the seismic energy value of bridges and can not affected the trend of seismic energy. So, some meaningful references are provided for the seismic design for bridge by using energy concept.
Study on Dynamic Performance of Novel Isoprene Rubber Synthesized with Homogeneous Rare-Earth Catalyst System
Authors: Liu Nai Qing , Wang Shuo , Bai Chen Xi , Yang Yu Fu , Tian Ming
Published: December 2011

The homogeneous rare-earth catalytic system was used to initiate the polymerization of isoprene, and a novel IR was synthesized with high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution. According to the self-developed rare-earth IR properties, a study on IR and IR/NR blend was made. The effect of JiHua rare-earth IR on the vulcanization characteristics and dynamic properties in IR/NR blend was investigated and compared with IR (SKI-3) synthesized with titanium catalyst system and rare-earth isoprene rubber (SKI-5) made in Russia. The results showed that JiHua rare-earth IR to be developed independently was a novel synthetic rubber with excellent comprehensive performance, and it can be used independently and partly substitute natural rubber to make tire. In the IR/NR blend, Not only vulcanization characteristics and the safety in operation for NR was greatly improved, But also dynamic properties of vulcanizates such as dynamic cutting resistance, abrasion resistance, wet-skid resistance and aging resistance were improved to different degrees. These properties reach or surpass the level of the foreign similar products like Russia SKI-3 and Russia SKI-5.
An Online SMC-Based Adaptive Wavelet-Neural Controller for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with only Output Measurement
Authors: Chen Chun Sheng
Published: December 2011

This paper addresses the SMC-based adaptive wavelet-neural tracking control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The adaptive wavelet-neural controller is designed under constrain that not all atate variables are available for measurement. A state observer is used to estimate unmeasured states of the systems. The global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed according to the Lyapunov stability criterion. The simulation presented in the inverted pendulum system control indicates that the proposed approach is capable of achieving a good trajectory following performance without the knowledge of plant parameters.
Innovation Status and Trends of Korea Nano-Sensor Technology from a Perspective of Patent Analysis
Authors: Zheng Jia , Lei Xiao Ping , Zhao Yun Hua
Published: December 2011

Based on nanosensor patents applied in Korea from 1962-2009, collected in Derwent Innovation Index database, this paper elaborates innovation status and development trends of nanosensor technology in Korea, through the quantitative analysis of patent distribution in the state, the year, the application, and the enterprise, in hope of providing an objective statistic reference for future policy directions and academic researches.
The Study of Chaos Control in Power System
Authors: Zhou Xue Song , Liu Xin Fang , Ma You Jie
Published: December 2011

Chaos theory is an important aspect of non-linear research, and has infiltrated a number of disciplines and engineering fields. With the increasing scale of power systems, the nonlinear characteristics are more and more obvious, under certain conditions there will even be chaotic behavior, appears as irregular electromechanical oscillations, constituting a threat to the system.[1-3]. So it becomes an urgent need to take effective control measures to curb or eliminate the chaotic oscillations in the non-linear power system. Chaos oscillation in the power system is harmful and should take measures to suppress and eliminate. There have been a lot of chaos control methods, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages and different application. This report mainly studies fuzzy control among its advantages and the features of the power system.
A Coordinating Procedure for Tracing Static Bifurcation Points of Voltage Instability
Authors: Zhou Xue Song , Zhai Hua Xin , Ma You Jie
Published: December 2011

Based on static bifurcation theory, a systematic procedure for tracing the bifurcation points of power system voltage instability was presented. Two main kinds of bifurcations, a common saddle node bifurcation (SNB) and a kind of bifurcation—limit induced bifurcation (LIB), which can cause the voltage collapse, were studied simultaneity and all types of device limits were considered. Firstly, make sure the mathematical model of the system. Secondly, starting from the basic running point of power systems, a predictor scheme was presented to find all the limit points (LP) and identify the LIB points; an adaptive step size control method considering the curvature of the manifold was introduced for tracing the equilibrium manifold and the detection of the SNB points without the existing of LPs. The two schemes were combined to lead a more effective method for SNB, LP, and LIB detection.
Fabrication and Wear Behavior Investigation of the Carbon/Epoxy Composites Based on Wood Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Vafaeenezhad Hossein , Zebarjad Seyed Mojtaba , Khaki Jalil Vahdati
Published: December 2011

Since wood is the main component of the applied raw materials, it can be used as matrix in carbon composites, also it can be taken into consideration as a cost effective advanced application and have this potential to suppress many expensive fabrication and finishing procedures. Wood samples from Oak tree (Quercus suber) were heated at different temperatures to produce porous carbon templates. Subsequently, the Carbonized wood was infiltrated with an epoxy in order to fabricate the final carbon/epoxy composite. Scanning electron microscopy was used to elucidate parameters affecting on microstructure and wear properties of products. In this context, artificial neural networks (ANN) and design of experiments method (DOE) was implemented to analyze the wear performance of a new class of cellulose based composites. This work indicates that epoxy shows good reinforcement characteristics as it improves the sliding wear resistance of the carbon matrix and that factors like carbonization temperature, sliding distance and normal load are the important factors affecting the wear behaviors.
Research on Preparation and Application of Dewatering Agents for Tailings Water Treatment
Authors: Zheng Huai Li , Zhu Jun Ren , Jiang Zhen Zhen , Ji Fang Ying , Tan Ming Zhuo , Sun Yong Jun , Miao Shu Xiang , Zheng Xiao Kai
Published: December 2011

Tailings dewatering is an important part of the tailings disposal. Sludge dehydrant is a kind of important auxiliary agent in improving the tailings dehydration dehydrated efficiency in tailings enrichment dehydration. The paper reviews that the preparation and application of special flocculant of specialized flocculants for tailings water treatment. And it points out the development tendency of the specialized flocculants for tailings water treatment. Cationic polyacrylamide as one of dewatering agents is a suitable mean to solve tailings dewatering problem.
Study of Migration of Different Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Components in Soil
Authors: Sun Xiao Nan , Liu An Ping , Sun Wen Ting , Jin Shu Chang
Published: December 2011

This paper is about the migration of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination, which concludes the migration rule of the TPH contamination through designing indoor soil column leaching experiment. Through researching the migration concentration of different components of TPH, experiment concludes that different components have different relative transfer abilities in typical soil, and the transfer ability has an inverse relation to the molecular weight and the ring numbers of aromatic hydrocarbon. The purpose of this research is to provide guidance to nonproliferation and remediation of the petroleum contamination.
Case Study of Demonstration Project of Typical Chrome Contaminated Sites Remediation
Authors: Wang Xing Run , Yan Xiang Hua , Wang Qi
Published: December 2011

It studied the geological properties and contamination characteristics of soil from contaminated sites of typical chromate plants in western plateau of China. The results indicated that in the shallow part of 0-4m, it was mainly loess-like soil and in the depth of 4-18m, it was mainly gravels and pebbles. The soil had better permeability and ex-situ washing treatment is recommended. The soil was severely contaminated and the concentration of chrome (Ⅵ) was as high as 16,000mg/kg. Based on the analysis, it developed a two-stage demonstration project of countercurrent ex-situ washing plus chemical stabilization with daily capacity of 20m3 soil and a demonstration project of chemical reduction and precipitation plus advanced treatment of filter bed with daily capacity of 200m3 wastewater. After treatment, the concentration of chrome (Ⅵ) in soil was less than 100mg/kg and that in water was reduced to below 0.05mg/L from 1,000mg/L, which can meet the requirements of third-grade groundwater quality standard.
WEEE Management in Chongqing, China: Status and Strategies
Authors: Li Jia Xiang , Huang Chuan , Zhu Yin , Huang Shan
Published: December 2011

This paper presents an examination of the current possession of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and predicted amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Chongqing. The results indicate that: the total EEE possession amount has reached a total of 287.73 million units in 2009; and the overall evaluated generation of WEEE from 2011 to 2015 would reach 13.53 million units, of which 19% are personal computers, 24% air conditioners, 7% refrigerators, 38% color TVs, and 12% washing machines, respectively. The recycling capacity is also investigated, evincing that about 952,000 waste units were recycled in 2009. There are three officially approved corporations for dismantling WEEE in 2010, with the dismantling capacity of 1,600,000 units per year. Moreover, several disposal facilities have been under construction and expect to be accomplished in 2015. This paper also proposes a number of recommendations aiming to improve the WEEE management system. For better management, it is necessary to arouse the public recognition of the need for formal processing of WEEE as well as to implement EPR approach, license system, and deposit-refund system.
Enhanced Electrokinetic Removal Heavy Metals in Pyrometallurgical Zinc Slags
Authors: Xu Zhong Hui , Jiao Bin Quan , Li Chao
Published: December 2011

Ancient pyrometallurgical zinc generated large amounts of slags. Natural leaching from ancient pyrometallurgical zinc sites has contaminated the soil closed to the deposits. Electrokinetic removal technology was adopted to treat this slags. But the generation of metal hydroxide precipitation near the cathode during the electrokinetic removal process could be the most serious factor that influenced the removal rate. In this study, cation exchange membrane was used in electrokinetic removal process to overcome this major drawbacks. The final results showed that cation exchange membrane could effectively condition pH of the whole electrokinetic removal system resulted in the dissolution of the precipitated heavy metals near the cathode. In other words, the enhanced treatment have achieved positive effect to some extent. But the leak tightness of experiment setup might not be perfect. Moreover，some operation parameters of the electrokinetic removal technique must be further optimized.
Assessment of Potential Ecological Hazard of Heavy Metals in Farmland Based on GIS
Authors: Zheng Xue Cheng , Li Chao , Li Dong Wei
Published: December 2011

This paper includes the analysis of total content of Cd element of 102 samples in the surface soil of farmland around the slag field. We evaluated the contamination of Cd of each samples and the space distribution with the potential ecological risk index method based on ArcGIS soft. The results showed that: average of potential ecological risk index of Cd is 241.4, Moderate ecological risk area accounted for 2.7% of the study area, strong ecological risk area of the region accounted for 30.1% of the study area, 22.2% of the study area had the considerable ecological risk, and the rest 39% of the study area had the extremely strong ecological risk.
Preparation of Porous Lightweight Ceramics and Fibre Joining Materials
Authors: Zhao Ying Na , Wang Cai Fen , Liu Jia Chen , Xu Hai
Published: December 2011

The high-temperature resistance compression material of lightweight porous ceramics and fiber joining is becoming a kind of promising seal parts in high-temperature industries and aerospace field. A combination of the lightweight mullite matrix porous ceramics and the elastic 3-D silica woven fibre, a novel joining material was studied. The low cost fly ash cenosphere as raw materials, mullite porous ceramics with density 0.92 g/cm3, and the thermal conductivity 0.13 w/m.K, were prepared. Using microwave selective heating properties, designing the interlayer composition, the bonding materials were attained by microwave sintering. The flexural strength of joint materials was about 23 MPa, which was higher than porous ceramics matrix.
Influence of La2O3 Nanopowder on Crystallization Behavior and Sintering Performance of Fused Quartz Ceramic Materials
Authors: Bu Jing Long , Chen Yue Jun , Chen Jun Xing , Yu Li Xue , Wang Zhi Fa
Published: December 2011

Fused quartz granule was used as raw material, and La2O3 nanopowder was used as additive with dosages of 1wt %, 2 wt % and 3 wt %. Fused quartz ceramic materials were fabricated in reduction atmosphere at 1300 °C, 1350 °C and 1400 °C for 1 h, respectively. The properties of samples including apparent porosity, bending strength and thermal expansion ratio were measured. The results show that the sample with 2 wt % La2O3 nanopowder has the lowest apparent porosity and the highest bending strength, and sample added 1% nano-La2O3 has the best inhibiting effect on crystallization of fused quartz. The samples with La2O3 nanopowder adding have lower thermal expansion ratio than blank sample. The XRD and SEM results show that the diffraction peak intensity of quartz phase decrease and the microstructure of the samples become more compact, after the La2O3 nanopowder was added into fused quartz ceramics. It indicated that La2O3 nanopowder has excellent inhibiting effect on crystallization of fused quartz and facilitating effect on sintering of fused quartz ceramics.
Effect of La2O3 Addition on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Copper-Nickel Manganese Thermistors
Authors: Yao Jin Cheng , Wang Jun Hua , Zhao Qing , Huang Xia , Chang Ai Min
Published: December 2011

The effect of La2O3 addition on the microstructure and electrical properties of Mn0.75Ni1.25CuO4-xLa2O3 (0≤x≤0.3) was studied. The crystal structure, phase compositions and morphology were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The sintered ceramic bodies was typical polycrystalline, with cubic spinel structure of copper manganese oxide, rocksalt structure of nickel copper oxide, along with monoclinic phase of copper oxide and orthorhombic perovskite structure of lanthanum manganese oxide. The obtained ρ77K, B77K/90K constant and activation energy of the thermistors were in the range of 3.88-9.29 Ω cm, 245-261 K, and 0.0211–0.0225 eV, respectively. This means that the electrical properties can be adjusted to desired values, depending on the La content. So these prepared thermistors were intended to be used under low temperature conditions.
Study on Nitridation Behavior of Mg-Ca Alloy under Nitrogen
Authors: Yang Xiao Xia , Tan Dun Qiang , Xiao Dong Fei , Zhan Yi Jie
Published: December 2011

To study the ignition-proof behavior in the spray deposited magnesium alloy with nitrogen as atomizing gas, SEM and XRD were employed to study the morphology and elements profile of nitride film formed on the Mg-5Ca alloy melt in different conditions, and the ignition proof principle was also analyzed preliminarily. The results indicated that under ordinary nitrogen (99.5%), a layer of smooth and continuous nitride film was formed on the surface of Mg-5Ca alloy after sintered at 740°C for 2 hours, and with the increasing of temperature and holding time, small cracks and cavities appeared locally on the surface film. The surface film was mainly composed of CaO、MgO、Ca3N2and Mg3N2.The profile analysis of the nitride film indicated that Ca element collected on the surface of the nitride film, and a multiple film was formed which filled the loose and holes of single film, avoided the burning of Mg alloy during spray forming process.
Influence of Nb and Sn on d Electrons of TiAl Alloys Studied by Coincidence Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Juan , Ye Jing Ying , Zhang Wen Chun , Wang Hui Juan , Deng Wen
Published: December 2011

The coincidence Doppler broadening spectra of single crystals of Si, Al, polycrystals of Ti, Nb and Sn, and TiAl-based alloys (TiAl, Ti50Al48Nb2and Ti50Al48Sn2) have been measured and analyzed. It has been found that the 3d electron signal for binary TiAl alloy is lower than expected due to the Ti 3d-Al 3p interactions. The addition of Nb atoms to TiAl alloy leads to the enhancement of d-d interactions and thus the d electron signal in the spectrum. The d electron signal in the spectrum of Ti50Al48Nb2alloy is higher than that of Ti50Al48Sn2alloy. The influence of Nb and Sn on d electrons of TiAl alloys has been discussed.
Effect of Tool pin Profile and Axial Force on Tensile Behavior in Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Palanivel R. , Mathews P. Koshy , Balakrishnan M. , Dinaharan I. , Murugan N.
Published: December 2011

Aluminium alloys generally has low weldability by traditional fusion welding process. The development of the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) has provided an alternative improved way of producing aluminium joints, in a faster and reliable manner. FSW process has several advantages, in particular the possibility to weld dissimilar aluminium alloys. This study focuses on the behavior of tensile strength of dissimilar joints of AA6351-T6 alloy to AA5083-H111 alloy produced by friction stir welding was analysed. Five different tool pin profile such as Straight Square (SS), Tapered Square (TS), Straight Hexagon (SH), Straight Octagon (SO) and Tapered Octagon (TO) with three different axial force (1tonne, 1.5tonne, 2 tonne) have been used to weld the joints. The effect of pin profiles and axial force on tensile properties and material flow behaviour of the joint was analyzed and it was found that the straight square pin profile with 1.5 tonne produced better tensile strength then other tool pin profile and axial force.
Research on the Shrinkage Cavity and Broken Graphite Mold Core of Copper Alloy in Horizontal Continuous Casting
Authors: Li Si Nian , Chen Yuan , Ye Jia Wang , Zhang Shi Zhong , Xiao An Chun , Chen Hui Min , Zheng Zhong , Chen Hong
Published: December 2011

Copper tube produced by FA6502 copper alloy in a company of Wuhan appears shrinkage cavity in horizontal continuous casting, the graphite mold core which exerts stretching effects is easy to be snapped in production process. The reason why shrinkage cavity appears is found through large number of experiments and analysis. Then we adjust the component of FA6502 copper alloy, the quality of new copper alloy FA6506 is improved significantly. Furthermore, we find the reason why the graphite mold core is snapped in production process, FA6502 copper alloy’s shrinkage rate is too large in solidification. The compact power of the graphite mold core is too large to bear, too much resistance in pulling process is exerted so that the graphite mold core is snapped.
The Discovery and Preliminary Analysis of an Ancient Kiln Site near Cao Village in Linzhang Town of Hebei Province
Authors: Li Rong Wu , Wang Jian Bao , Li Guo Xia , Zhang Zhi Zhong , Wu Juan , Zhang Mao Lin
Published: December 2011

In order to find out the kiln of some articles unearthed at Fancui tomb of Northern Dynasty, we use the article samples to track to a kiln site near Cao village, Linzhang town, Hebei province. By compare and contrast of Cao village kiln samples with Northern Dynasty tomb articles, we conclude that Cao village kiln are of Northern Dynasty. We measure the physical properties and the chemical composition of the samples using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and identify the samples are of lead glaze pottery, Fuzzy cluster analysis of the samples shows that Cao village kiln body samples raw materials come from 3~4 batches, while the glaze samples raw material come from 3 batches. It also shows that the body raw materials and the glaze raw materials of the sample supporting pins are the same as those of Cao Village kiln.
Contact Analysis of Prosthetic Knee Joint Using ANSYS
Authors: Ramesh C S , Shashishekar C
Published: December 2011

The objective of this study is to determine the best materials for the tibia/femoral combination of the prosthetic knee joint using commercial available FEM software. Insertion of these joints in human should not result in too much of discomfort and postoperative treatment. Further, the life and performance of the artificial joints is of prime concern. During activation, contact is established between tibia and femoral components leading to stresses at the interface, which in turn dictates the performance of these joints. The intensity of the developed stresses at the interface depends on several important factors such as the materials used for tibia/femoral components and the load acting on the bearing surfaces of the joint. To ensure reduction in the stress intensity, it is of utmost importance to select the best materials for tibia/femoral combination. In this regard, FEM the most powerful and widely accepted numerical tool to predict the state of stress is currently gaining importance in optimization of design of knee joint. In the light of the above, this paper discusses the modeling and finite element analysis of prosthetic tibia/femoral joint with different material combinations. The materials like stainless steel, titanium alloy and alumina ceramic are considered for the femoral component. Polyethylene and polyethylene chopped carbon fiber composite are considered for the tibial insert. The three dimensional model was developed using PRO E software for sagittal radius of 40 mm and 0 degree flexion angle, while load was varied from 500-2667N. An explicit finite element was generated using hyper mesh software and was solved by ANSYS. For a given load, a considerable reduction in the stress intensity at the interface of femur made of alumina ceramic and tibia made of polyethylene chopped carbon fiber composite have been observed when compared with other combinations of materials investigated.
Evaluation of Tribological Performance of PTFE Composite Filled with Rare Earth Treated Potassium Titanate Whiskers
Authors: Fan Yu , Ding Qing Jun , Liu Chuan Hui , Hu Jia Ling
Published: December 2011

Optimum amount of rare earths (RE) for treating potassium titanate whiskers (PTW) surface and effects of different PTW contend on tribologieal behavior of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites under dry friction condition were investigated．Worn surfaces were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM)．Experimental results showed that the friction coefﬁcient of PTW/PTFE composites increased with the content of PTW increasing, and the composites performed the best wear resistance occurs at 5wt% PTW content. Moreover, the composites filled with treated PTW performed the best wear resistance occurs at 0.2wt% rare earth content. Under dry friction condition, PTFE composites filled with treated PTW exhibit better tribologieal performance than those of the PTFE composite filled with untreated PTW did. Rare earth elements acting as surface modifier of PTW can increase interfacial adhesion and toughness between PTW and PTFE matrix, and it improves tribologieal performance of the composites．
Optical Study of Poly (9,9-Dioctylfluorene) Isolated by AIB2OB3 Flat Rafts
Authors: Chen Guo Hua , Wang Ping Ping , Long Jiang
Published: December 2011

Nanocomposite films of poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO)/Al2O3have been prepared by blending the conjugated polymer solution with alumina nanoparticle dispersion in common organic solvent and investigated in terms of the optical property. A blue shift of the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum for the as fabricated PFO/Al2O3nanocomposite film was observed as compared to the results obtained from the bulk PFO film, the maximum of the PL emission peaks occurs at 442 nm in the bulk film while after the incorporation of the alumina nanoparticles the maximum appears at 420 nm in the spectrum for PFO/Al2O3nanocomposite film. The dependence of fluorescence blue shift of PFO on the concentration of Al2O3was investigated. The isolation of the conjugated polymer chains by the flat rafts of alumina nanoparticles was shown to play a key role for the obtained blue shift.
2.1μm Room Temperature Continuous Waves Operation of InGaAsSb-AlGaAsSb Double-Quantum Well Laser
Authors: You Ming Hui , Gao Xin , Li Zhan Guo , Liu Guo Jun , Li Mei , Wang Yong , Wang Xiao Hua
Published: December 2011

The GaInAsSb-AlGaAsSb double quantum well lasers with an emission wavelength around 2.1μm, shown high quantum efficiency and high power conversion efficiency at continuous-wave power output. The threshold current density and the external quantum efficiency of the device were 130mA/cm2and 36.1%, respectively. The 15% maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) were achieved from laser operating about 2.1μm wavelength.
Preparation and Performance of β-Sialon Bonded ZrO2 Composites
Authors: Wang Rui Sheng , Zhao Jun Hong , Wei Ying Na , Peng Fu Hua , Wei Heng Yong
Published: December 2011

β-Sialon bonded ZrO2 composites were prepared by reaction sintering process using β-Sialon and CaO stabilized ZrO2 powders as raw materials.The effect of β-Sialon powder additions on the properties of the composites was investigated. The results show that the samples with 10 wt% of β-Sialon addition had the lowest apparent porosity (29.80%) and the highest of flexural strength (68.70MPa). The thermal shock resistance in carbon addition of the composites could be improved by addtion of 5wt% β-Sialon. It may be relative with that the sample had the lowest thermal expansion coefficient in vacuum.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopy of Dibutyl Ester-Ether Fluorescein
Authors: Zhang Ke Liang , Zhang Ning Sheng , Qu Chen Tun
Published: December 2011

The title compound has been prepared from the reaction of fluorescein and 1-bromobutane in the presence of potassium carbonate. Its crystal and molecular structure is determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Its crystal is monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with lattice parameters: a = 8.0460(19) Å, b = 13.198(3) Å, c = 22.208(5) Å, α = 90.00º, β = 94.140(3)º, γ = 90.00º, V= 2352.1(9)Å3, Density (calculated) 1.228 mg /m3, μ(mm-1) = 0.08, absorption coefficient = 0.082m−1, F(000) 1034, Z = 4. In the crystal structure, intermolecular O-H hydrogen bands are responsible for the formation of a 3-dimensional net-work. The UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of both dibutyl ester-ether fluorescein was studied.
Synthesis and Surface Properties of a Novel Switchable Bolaform Surfactant
Authors: Zhang Ke Liang , Zhang Ning Sheng , Qu Chen Tun
Published: December 2011

A kind of the ionic bolaform surfactant was synthesized in four steps, with 4-nitrotoluene as raw materials. Firstly, bis-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)-methane (BMNM) was synthesized using paraformaldehyde as a coupling agent; then, bis-(2-methyl-4-aminophenyl) methane BMAM) was obtained through a reduction reaction of BMNM; in the following step, bis-(2-methyl-4-p-hydroxy- azophenyl)methane was prepared through diazotization-coupling reaction; at last, Bolaform surfactant was obtained through a addition reaction of butane sultone and bis-(2-methyl-4-p- hydroxy-azophenyl)methane. The products were characterized by IR and 1HNMR. The surface tension and UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of aqueous solution of this Bolaform surfactant were tested. The cis/trans photoisomerization of Bolaform surfactants were studied in DMSO solution at 365nm irradiation, which indicate this Bolaform surfactantis photosentive and easily to control surface activity by photoisomerization.
Effect of Carbon Fiber Gradient Distribution on Heat Property of Electrically Conductive Cement Mortar
Authors: Hai Ran
Published: December 2011

Abstract. Based on the electro-thermal property of carbon fiber-reinforced concrete, two groups of carbon fiber with equal quality dispersed in cement mortar deferring to layered and gradient distribution separately. The heat change of electro-thermal layer (with carbon fiber) and non- electro-thermal layer (without carbon fiber) of the two kinds of specimen was contrasted, and the corresponding thermal stress value among each layer was calculated theoretically. The results indicate that comparing with the carbon fiber layered distribution, carbon fiber gradient distribution decreases the thermal stress maximum of neighboring layers from 15.42MPa to 5.21MPa. The decrease of heating stress increases heat stability, by which can enhance cement mortar service life.