bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Decade of Experience in the use of 13-Valent Conjugated Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccine in Russian Federation
Authors: Briko N. I. , Korshunov V. A. , Lobzin Ja. V. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Rudakova L. V. , Simonova E. G.
Published: September 2023

Pneumococcal infection remains a significant global health problem, and vaccination is the main measure for its prevention. To date, the period of use of pneumococcal conjugated polysaccharide vaccines in Russia exceeds 14 years, and 13-valent conjugated polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) - more than 10 years. During this time, extensive experience has been accumulated in the use of this type of vaccines, and many studies have been carried out to evaluate their effectiveness and safety.

The purpose of this review is to summarize the experience of using PCV13 in Russian Federation with an assessment of its epidemiological and clinical effectiveness. A search was made for scientific publications devoted to the study of the epidemiological efficacy, the safety as well as cost-effectiveness of PCV13 use in Russian Federation. The review included original studies published in Russian journals. The results of the studies carried out indicate the efficacy and safety of PCV13 for both adults and children. The effectiveness of immunization of children at risk (premature, suffering from congenital pathology, having chronic diseases and often ill) was demonstrated, the need and safety of the timely start of vaccination (from 2 months of age) of newborns was shown, the possibility of its combination with immunization against other infections within the framework of the national vaccination schedule, the importance of following the recommended vaccination schedule in accordance with the age of the child. The effectiveness of vaccination of adults suffering from chronic diseases has been shown both in terms of preventing the aggravation of the course of the underlying pathology and reducing the risk of pneumonia. Positive experience has been gained in immunizing adults from occupational risk groups - medical workers, conscripts and persons exposed to a harmful production factor and having occupational lung diseases. The conducted studies have shown a high cost-effectiveness of PCV13 vaccination, however, with any changes in price and epidemiological parameters, it is necessary to clarify the economic feasibility of vaccination under the changed conditions. Taking into account the positive experience gained in immunization, it seems appropriate to further maintain a high level of vaccination coverage of the child population, expanding risk groups among the adult population subject to vaccination against pneumococcal infection within the framework of the National Immunization Schedule, taking into account its epidemiological, clinical and economic efficiency.
Features of a Systematic Approach to the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Russian Federation and abroad
Authors: Davydova M. A. , Bryukhanova G. D. , Gorodin V. N.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are one of the global problems of modern healthcare with a negative trend in the growth of this pathology throughout the world, which is due to a complex of reasons, among which the resistance of pathogens of hospital infections to antimicrobials is important, as well as gaps in organization of epidemiological surveillance due to a number of objective and subjective factors (complication of technologies and expansion of the practice of invasive medical interventions, turnover and shortage of personnel in medical institutions, etc.).

The purpose of the work is to study the experience of organizing measures for the prevention of HCAI from the standpoint of a systematic approach in Russia and in foreign countries that have the best practices in this area. The purpose of the work is to study the experience of organizing measures for the prevention of HCAI from the standpoint of a systematic approach in Russia and in foreign countries that have the best practices in this area.

The results are based on the study of the basic principles of the system approach, its tools, functional organization and universalization, the use of a comprehensive analysis in relation to different areas of medical activity and types of medical care, the sequence of development and implementation of new methods in Russian and foreign experience in the implementation of epidemiological surveillance for HCAI. Problems in the field of organization and practical implementation of preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of HCAI have been identified, and urgent tasks for improving the epidemiological safety of medical activity have been identified.

Conclusion. Differences were noted in approaches to the prevention of HAIs in Russia and abroad, concerning the resource provision of molecular biological monitoring of HAI pathogens, as well as the features of teamwork, targeted communication in medical teams and in explanatory work, as well as the implementation of training programs for relatives to care for patients with HAI. Measures are proposed to increase the commitment of medical personnel and collectives in general, other employees of medical organizations to epidemiologically safe skills in their professional activities, to develop patient education programs for personal prevention of HCAI.
Molecular Surveillance of Natural Focal Diseases Causative Agents in the Stavropol Territory in 2016–2021
Authors: Chekrygina E. V. , Volynkina A. S. , Zaitseva O. A. , Lisitskaya Ya. V. , Tishchenko I. V. , Gnusareva O. A. , Rostovtseva D. V. , Vasilenko E. I. , Tkachenko N. O. , Vasilyeva O. V. , Purmak K. A. , Solomashchenko N. I. , Kulichenko A. N.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. Molecular surveillance, aimed at obtaining up-to-date information on the genetic variants of pathogens circulating in the studied region, is an important element of the surveillance of natural focal infections (NFIs). The Stavropol Territory is one of the main recreational regions in the Russian Federation; it is endemic for a number of NFIs, including: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Q fever, tularemia, Lime disease, etc.

The aim of the work is is genomic profiling of NFIs causative agents circulating in the Stavropol Territory in 2016-2021.

Materials and methods. Microbial strains and samples of field and clinical material containing genomic DNA/RNA of pathogens were used as material for the study. Genetic typing of strains and isolates of DNA/RNA NFIs causative agents was performed by MLVA (Francisella tularensis and Coxiella burnetii) and genome fragment sequencing (Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, West Nile virus, orthohantaviruses, Borrelia burgdorferii s.l., Ricckettsia sp.).

Results. As a result of molecular genetic typing in the ST in 2016-2021 confirmed circulation of strains of F. tularensis of genetic subgroups B.I, B.III, B.VI, genetically identical strains of C. burnetii (VNTR-профиль 4-6-6-4-7-6-3-12-3-11), rickettsia belonging to 5 species: R. raoultii, R. aeschlimannii, R. slovaca, R. massiliae, R. helvetica , Borrelia belonging to the species: B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. miyamotoi, B. bavariensis, B. lusitaniae, B. valaisiana, RNA isolates of the CCHF virus of the Europe-1 and Europe-3 genetic lines, Tula orthohantaviruses, West Nile virus genotype 2. For the first time on the territory of the CT, in insectivore lung samples, RNA isolates of orthohantavirus genetically close to Camp Ripley virus (RLPV) were detected.

Conclusions. New data have been obtained on the distribution of genetic variants of NFIs causative agents in the S, also in the recreation areas. Genetic structure of the population of NFIs causative agents in the ST in 2016-2021 did not change significantly, which indicates the relative stability of the natural foci of NFIs in the region.
Preservation of Antibodies to Vaccine-Controlled Infections in Children WITH Oncological Diseases
Authors: Kharit S. M. , Konstantinova Yu. E. , Goleva O. V. , Ruleva A. A. , Tikhomirova K. K. , Iozefovich O. V. , Fridman I. V.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. Cancer therapy forms a temporary immunosuppressive state, which determines an increase in the frequency and severity of infectious diseases. Vaccination is a highly effective and safe way to protect against infection, but people with immunodeficiency have risks of inefficiency and complications. To substantiate the need for immunoprophylaxis in cancer patients after therapy, it is important to understand the preservation of their specific response after previous vaccinations.

The aim of the study was to assess the safety of antibodies to vaccine–controlled infections in children with oncological diseases after therapy

Materials and methods. The safety of antibodies to vaccine-controlled infections was studied in 3 groups: 1 -in patients with oncological (n=62); 2-in the group (n=43) withoutoncological diseases, but who received immunosuppressive (IST) and/or polychemotherapy (PCT) and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and 3– in healthy children (n=31 – comparison group). The concentration of antibodies was determined by the ELISA method. The minimum protective level was considered to be the amount for measles ³0.18 IU/ml, rubella - ³25 IU/ml; hepatitis B - ³10 IU/ml; diphtheria – 0.03 IU/ml and higher. The coefficient of positivity, estimated as protective against mumps, was ³1.0.

Results. It was found that from 41.7% to 93.7% of children with cancer lose post-vaccination immunity to the studied vaccine antigens. The number of children who retained the protective level of antibodies in groups 1 and 2 was significantly less than in the comparison group. There were no significant differences in the level of those protected from diphtheria and rubella. The maximum effect on the loss of antibodies is provided by the performed HSCT. For diphtheria and rubella antibodies, the differences are not pronounced. The possible connection of genetic breakdowns in 35 examined children with oncological diseases and the safety of antibodies was analyzed. It turned out that in the presence of chromosomal deletions, antibodies to measles were lost in 100% of cases and to diphtheria in 75%, which was different from other chromosomal abnormalities.

Conclusion. The safety of antibodies in patients with a history of cancer is influenced by the presence of HSCT in therapy, the type of genetic breakdown, as well as the peculiarity of the vaccine antigen. Children with oncological diseases, as well as with non-oncological ones, but who have received HSCT therapy, should be vaccinated again against vaccine-controlled infections, despite the indication of the presence of vaccinations before therapy.
Epidemiological Features of Purulent Bacterial Meningitis in the Russian Federation at the Present Stage
Authors: Koroleva M. A. , Gritsay M. I. , Churilova N. S. , Koroleva I. S.
Published: September 2023

Relevance. The decrease in the number of cases of invasive diseases caused by N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and in the world has been associated with measures against the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Aim. Presentation of the epidemiological features of purulent bacterial meningitis (PBM) in the Russian Federation at the present stage.

Materials and methods. On the basis of the Russian Reference Center for Monitoring Bacterial Meningitis (RCMC), an in-depth personalized system for recording PBM cases has been established. Since 2010, all territories of the Russian Federation have been included in the monitoring system. In 2022, the RCMC received information on 1596 cases of PBM. The descriptive-evaluative epidemiological method was used in the work: a retrospective analysis.

Results. The increase in the incidence of a generalized form of meningococcal infection (GFMI), which began in 2017, was recorded in 2018 and 2019, but in 2020–2021 growth was interrupted: the indicator dropped sharply, amounting to 0.26–0.21 per 100 thousand of the population, which is most likely due to the disunity of the population as a result of measures aimed at combating the new coronavirus infection. Measures to combat COVID-19 were canceled in 2021, and already in 2022 the incidence rate of GBM increased by 1.4 times, while the GFMI by 2 times, amounting to 0.44 per 100 thousand of the population. A sharp decrease in the incidence of PBM caused by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in 2020-2021 was replaced in 2022 by an increase in the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis, however, the incidence of meningitis caused by H. influenzae remained at the same level.

Conclusion. Continued monitoring of the incidence of PBM and the properties of the pathogen are extremely important tasks in order to identify risk groups and areas for the timely optimization of vaccination measures, given that the three infections that cause bacterial meningitis are vaccine-controlled, and vaccination is recognized as the most effective measure to combat meningococcal, pneumococcal and hemophilic infections.
Using the International Standard of Auditing 315 “Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment” in the Auditing Practice
Authors: LUBENCHENKO O. , KORINKO M.
Published: September 2023

The article contains results of a study focused on practical issues of the application of the International Standard of Auditing (ISA) 315 “Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment”. It is argued that by using provisions of ISA 315 at the phase of planning of an auditing engagement, managers of an auditing entity have to assess sectoral, regulatory and other external factors with impact on the financial reporting process, including the involved conceptual framework. The characteristics of an auditing entity to be analyzed by the auditor are determined: nature of business, pattern of ownership and corporate management, types of investment, structure and methods of financing. The auditor’s analysis of these issues has to result in his/her conclusion about the inherent risk, which is the risk of client’s business. When planning audit for small firms, an auditor can make use of the so called economies of scales. It means that small firms can minimize the measures of control through introducing components of the control environment in a way different from other business entities classified as large by activity scopes. Auditing procedures pertaining to components of the control environment should be initiated through inquiries, observations, reviews of documents and/or risk assessment procedures. A systematization of business risks and measures of control over audit customers, conditions and events that may signal the existence of risks of significant material misstatement in financial statements is made.
Economic Cycles in the Modern Times: Global and Ukrainian Trends
Authors: GERASYMENKO S. S. , HERASYMENKO V. V.
Published: September 2023

The high degree of economic development and globalization of society in the XXI century necessitated a rapid response of market participants to events of any scale occurring in different parts of the world, in order to ensure the achievement of planned goals.
         When reading the publications containing the characteristics of current events in the economy, it is thought that their authors decided to reject the findings of world-renowned scientists on the laws of economic development and offer society to solve economic problems instead of laws to rely on expert assessments.
The article points out the need to take into account the scientific principles of characterization of patterns of economic development in modern conditions by statistical evaluation of changes in relevant parameters. This approach allows us to predict the timing of changes in the nature of development, in particular - the onset of economic crises of various scales, which will allow in advance to develop preventive measures to mitigate their impact on the welfare of ordinary citizens.
         Taking into account the factors that can both help and hinder the observance of a certain direction of movement requires analysis and forecasting of the state and trends of world and national trends on the basis of scientific laws of market economy, in particular the cyclical nature of its development. The existence of economic cycles was discovered, received scientific proof and historical confirmation. The reasons that led to cyclical changes in the economy, in particular the emergence of crises, were identified. Appropriate indicators should be used to characterize these causes.
         First of all, countries with insufficiently high level of economic development need to constantly monitor global economic trends on these principles. This is due to the fact that, as can be seen from the example of Ukraine, such countries are more vulnerable to the negative effects of economic crises.
Digital Financial Assets: Problems of Recognition, Valuation and Legal Regulation in Accounting
Authors: PYLYPENKO О. , YURCHENKO О.
Published: September 2023

The article reveals the author’s vision of the recognition, valuation and legal regulation of accounting of digital assets at company level. The economic nature of cryptocurrency is discussed through interpreting the functions of money: a measure of value, a means of circulation, a means payment and accumulation, and the global money. It is concluded that cryptocurrency does not comply with the classical definition of “money”, because it does not feature its main functions. But it can be said that cryptocurrency constitutes the first opened, digital alternative currency able to take the form of traditional money.   The procedure for cryptocurrency valuation in the business stocks and intangible assets is analyzed. In cases when a business entity is intended to buy cryptocurrency as a commodity, the transactions related to cryptocurrency flows should be recorded on the account 28 “Commodities”, whereas the transactions related to cryptocurrency production should be recorded on the account 26 “Finished products”.     The proposed improvements in cryptocurrency accounting in the company stocks will be realizable when the transactions on cryptocurrency purchase or production (mining) are performed on permanent basis. The recognition of cryptocurrency in the intangible assets of a company will be feasible on the following conditions: cryptocurrency does not have a physical form; it can be identified; it is a non-monetary asset. The distinctive features of Bitcoin in relation to financial instruments are outlined, ways of cryptocurrency production using ІСО, mining, forging etc. are discussed.  Regarding the legal regulation of cryptocurrency circulation in Ukraine, it is revealed that no normative and legal document exists to specify the legal status of the notions “virtual assets”, “digital financial assets” or “cryptocurrency”. By now, the draft law has been approved, intended to regulate purchase, sale and taxation of virtual assets. The official recognition of digital financial assets and blockchain technology is expected to promote the transition of Ukraine to the digital economy. This transition is going to give rise to the emergence of a new object of accounting, e. g. digital financial assets. The authors’ vision of the normative and legal regulation of cryptocurrency accounting at micro- and macrolevel allowed to propose a new national standard of accounting “Digital financial assets”, to develop a methodological framework for reporting the data on digital financial assets and their disclosure in the financial statements of companies.
Selection and Monitoring of Assignments in the Audit of Financial Reporting
Authors: LUBENCHENKO О. , SHULHA S.
Published: September 2023

Problems related to the quality assessment of completed audit assignments are analyzed. As the increasing number of users take management decisions on the basis of audit reports, independent audit is intended to guarantee a sound verification of financial reporting at company level, which can be achieved through the procedures for the assignment quality control.   
The article’s objective is to develop methodical recommendations on quality assessment of individual auditing assignments for auditing firms.
An analytical review of the normative criteria for selection of assignments for monitoring is made, and the authors’ criteria based on the risk oriented approach to the assessment of assignments of the financial audit are proposed: (i) obligatory auditing, including the auditing of financial reporting of companies with public significance (50% of the total number of the assignments in obligatory audit); (ii) voluntary audit (at least one assignment of the key partner), with the review of financial reporting covering 10% of the total number of the review assignments; other assignments covering 10% or more of the total number of the assignments on providing reassurance, which is not audit or review; selection of the most risky assignments with high level of the implicit risk; related services covering 10% of the total number of assignments pertaining to related services on agreed procedures and compilation of information (with selecting most complicated issues of business operation, which were subject to concern in providing related services and assignments for a new customer). A four-phase model of the assessment of selected assignments of an auditing firm is elaborated: acceptance of customer and assignment; planning and assessment of risks; assignment completion; formulation of auditor opinion and control actions on quality assurance. The practical implementation of this model involves documenting of the internal control of the quality of audit, analysis of results of the quality control, accumulation of errors and correcting actions at system and assignment level.
Electoral Systems in the Digital Age: Underlying Challenges and New Opportunities Part I. A Review of the Problems, Classic Protocols of Collective Choice
Authors: SINYTSKYI M.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of democratic development of Ukraine.
The reasons for the need for a radical transformation of the electoral process in Ukraine have been considered from a theoretical standpoint. The main goal and sub-goals of the research have been formulated. The classical mathematical models of electoral technologies, selected for comparison with modern approaches have been described.
The basic principles of selection of methods for measuring the results of approval voting have been analyzed. The issues of constructing a verbal-numerical scale, assessing the consistency of voter decisions and applying statistical criteria to obtain a consolidated result have been considered.
The models selected for calculating the final election rating are analyzed. Mathematical algorithms of multicriteria selection based on the qualimetric approach and pairwise comparison on four variants of scales are given. Protocols for determining consensus alternatives using the Topsis method, the Kemeni – Young median, the Schulze heuristic procedure, and the fuzzy set approach are described.
The results of approbation of the selected protocols of approval of the voting system for the election model of 4 candidates on 7 questions of the ballot paper are given. The algorithm and the results of generating by the Monte Carlo method arrays of initial data with a size of 10,000 records, having a uniform and normal distribution with three variants of the bias parameter, are presented. To identify the sensitivity of the studied protocols to violations of the transitivity of individual preference profiles, the primary data arrays were transformed by replacing the nontransitive profiles with an equivalent number of transitive ones without presenting a preference to any alternative. Based on the assessment of the correlation of the final ratings, their sensitivity to the type of distribution and to violations of the transitivity of individual judgments, it was concluded that it is advisable to use the Kemeny median to determine the voting results. The use of the proposed method for transforming primary data also makes it possible to use the Condorcet, Dodgson, Saati and Schulze protocols. The results of this study indicate that there is a fundamental possibility of transition to a new digital paradigm of the electoral process based on the approving principle of voting.
Prospects of the nanoelectronic element base of infosystems of autonomous aircraft
Authors:   Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Education «Military Orders of Zhukov and Lenin Red Banner Academy of Communications named after Marshal of the Soviet Union S.M. Budyonny» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Plyusnin Nikolay
Published: September 2023

The ways of creating a nanoelectronic element base (NEB) of Autonomous Air Vehicle (AАV) with small dimen-sions and weight are analyzed. The autonomy of these devices predetermines the principles of building their in-formation systems using artificial intelligence logic, significant memory resources, as well as functionally special-ized and high-speed information processing methods. And the cost restrictions involve the use of practically de-bugged nano- and microtechnologies for optical devices and integrated circuits. In addition, the small volume and weight of AAV necessitate the miniaturization of their NEB. At the same time, the operation of the AAV in various extreme conditions with increased radiation and bursts of the electromagnetic field (for example, in space) is not ruled out. Under these conditions, the semiconductor elements of their electronics are likely to fail. Therefore, in NEB of AAV, it is expedient to switch to nanovacuum-channel transistors (NVCT), which do not have semiconduc-tors (or their role is auxiliary). In NVKT, the nanochannel of electron transfer between the electrodes is replaced by a vacuum one, and the control is carried out by the voltage on the field electrode - the gate. At the same time, the nanoscale length of the gap between the emitter and the collector provides low voltages on the electrodes of the NVKT. In general, replacing a semiconductor with a vacuum can simplify and reduce the cost of transistor technol-ogy, make it more resistant to radiation and high-energy fields, and will allow to reach THz frequencies. And the creation of new types of NVKT (for example, using the control of the electron spin orientation) will increase the per-formance of AAV information transmission and processing tools.
Основи екології: практикум з навчальної дисципліни для здобувачів першого рівня вищої освіти спеціальності 014 Середня освіта (Біологія та здоров’я людини)
Authors: Маленко Я. В. , Ворошилова Н. В. , Перерва В. В. , Поздній Є. В.
Published: September 2023

Практикум розроблено для фахової підготовки здобувачів освітнього рівня «бакалавр» за спеціальністю 014 Середня освіта (Біологія та здоров’я людини) відповідно до вимог навчальної програми дисципліни «Основи екології». Матеріали навчального видання забезпечують формування в майбутнього фахівця фахових компетентностей, висвітлюють теоретичні, методологічні та законодавчі засади екологічних знань, окреслюють сутність основних розділів сучасної екології, деталізують проблематику розвитку екосистем, стратегічних і практичних аспектів оптимізації довкілля. Формат матеріалів дозволяє адаптувати завдання відповідно до умов і форм організації освітнього процесу, рівня підготовки студентів. Практикум рекомендовано для здобувачів спеціальностей галузей знань 014 Середня освіта, 091 Біологія закладів вищої освіти, аспірантів, вчителів біології закладів середньої базової та профільної освіти.
Investigations of Single-Mode Optical Fiber Microbending Properties
Authors: Gulakov I. , Zenevich A. , Matkovskaya T. , Novikov E.
Published: September 2023

This research is devoted to the study of the properties of the microbending of an optical fiber. It is shown that an increase in the diameter of a microbend at a constant force in the area of its formation led to an increase in the power of optical radiation output from the fiber in the area of the microbend. It has been established that the smallest value of the optical radiation power branched in the microbending region and the smallest value of the radiation power loss at the microbending for the entire range of wavelengths under study is observed for the G657 optical fiber. The largest value of the radiation power branched off in the microbending region and the largest value of the radiation power loss at the microbending for the entire range of wavelengths under study is observed for the G655 optical fiber. The results of the article can be used in systems for protecting information transmitted over fiber-optic communication lines.
Detection Range Estimation of Small UAVs at a Given Probability of Their Identification
Authors: Dvornikov S.-jr , Dvornikov S.
Published: September 2023

The results of the development of a scientific and methodological apparatus that provide an assessment of the detection range of small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles are presented. The general problems of radar detection of small objects are considered. A mathematical formulation of the research problem is carried out from the stand-point of detecting radar signals in noise based on a probabilistic approach. Substantiated are the parameters of radar stations, which are of the most significant importance for increasing the reliability of detecting objects with a small effective scattering surface. The functional dependences of the detection range of small unmanned aerial vehicles on the value of the signal-to-noise ratio in the channel and the sensitivity of the receiving devices are given. The dependence of the detection range on the wavelength of radiation from radar stations has been studied. A quantitative assessment of the probabilities of correct detection of small targets and false alarms is presented for various values of the decision threshold. Nomograms have been developed to assess the capabilities of detectors of unmanned aerial vehicles of the Phantom 3 type. The requirements for the structure of radar signals used to detect small targets are substantiated.
Structural and Functional Model of Organizational and Technical Systems Interoperability
Authors: Makarenko S. , Nesterov A.
Published: September 2023

In modern conditions, with the integration of organizational and technical systems (OTS), the relevance of ensuring interoperability in such systems is increasing. In this paper, the issues of forming a structural-functional model of OTS interoperability are considered. The processes, categories and objects included in the OTS are singled out, their classification is carried out. The factors influencing interoperability at semantic, organizational and technical levels are revealed. The interoperability of the main processes, categories and objects as part of the interoperability model is considered. Recommendations are presented for the further direction of research in order to improve the quality of interoperability in the interaction of OTS.
A method of Improving the Security of Information and Telecommunications Network Using the Means of Determining Intruder's Geolocation
Authors: Lipatnikov V. , Zadboev V. , Melekhov K. , Shevchenko A.
Published: September 2023

Known methods of ensuring information security of information and telecommunication networks with the use in modern conditions are not effective enough, since not all means of detecting external threats are used. In this article, the authors raise the issue of the possibility of using the procedure for determining IP geolocation in the framework of ensuring the information security of the network. Purpose: to ensure the level of security of the information and telecommunications network above the required value by effectively detecting external intruders through the use of tools for determining the geolocation of the intruder in the process of ensuring information security. Result: a method is proposed for improving the security of an information and telecommunication network, taking into account the introduction of software for determining the geolocation of an intruder after intrusion detection.
Multivalued Classification of Computer Attacks Using Artificial Neural Networks with Multiple Outputs
Authors: Shelukhin O. , Rakovsky D.
Published: September 2023

Modern computer networks (CN), having a complex and often heterogeneous structure, generate large volumes of multi-dimensional multi-label data. Accounting for information about multi-label experimental data (ED) can improve the efficiency of solving a number of information security problems: from CN profiling to detecting and preventing computer attacks on CN. The aim of the work is to develop a multi-label artificial neural network (ANN) architecture for detecting and classifying computer attacks in multi-label ED, and its comparative analysis with known analogues in terms of binary metrics for assessing the quality of classification. A formalization of ANN in terms of matrix algebra is proposed, which allows taking into account the case of multi-label classification and the new architecture of ANN with multiple output using the proposed formalization. The advantage of the proposed formalization is the conciseness of a number of entries associated with the ANN operating mode and learning mode. Proposed architecture allows solving the problems of detecting and classifying multi-label computer attacks, on average, 5% more efficiently than known analogues. The observed gain is due to taking into account multi-label patterns between class labels at the training stage through the use of a common first layer. The advantages of the proposed ANN architecture are scalability to any number of class labels and fast convergence.
Activities of civil society organizations of Brazil in the social sphere
Authors: Kuznetsova Varvara
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the activities of Brazilian civil society organizations in the social sphere. The NGOs’ activities with vulnerable segments are highlighted in the article. The evolution is traced from religious philanthropic initiatives to large-scale educational projects focused on various age categories. The paper describes the target audience of these programs as well as provides the effectiveness indicators of such.
The results of this study show that in modern society, social inequality and poverty can be counteracted only by applying a comprehensive approach that includes both traditional methods of Christian philanthropy and the latest educational and cultural tools. At the same time, the activities of Brazilian NGOs in the social sphere are primarily aimed at mitigating and correcting the shortcomings of public policy.
The daily life of popular power: a JAP in the Gabriela neighborhood of Puente Alto. Chile, 1973
Authors: Loyola Manuel
Published: September 2023

This article analyzes a record of meetings of a Board of Supply and Prices, of the Gabriela de Puente Alto Town (Chile), whose records cover the months of May to August 1973. The records are observed and analyzed in the document of the problems of daily administration of an institution created within the framework of Popular Power, and of the process of socialist construction of the Popular Unity government, dedicated to coordinating and monitoring the trade of basic goods and services. It is proposed that from the analysis of the source, it can be deduced that the administrative problems were addressed by the JAPs at the distribution level, as a technical and not a political matter, and without noticeable militant activism. In this way, the daily life of a JAP from the urban periphery seems to have been closer to administrative tasks in the socioeconomic crisis at the end of the Popular Unity government, and less to the militancy traditionally assigned to these organizations.
Dosa Bani Israel pada QS Al Maidah Ayat 72-78 dalam Perspektif Self Awareness Goleman
Authors: Shalihah Nisa , Waharjani Waharjani , Perawiranegoro Djamaluddin
Published: September 2023

QS Al Ma'idah verses 72-78 explains the history  of Israel  clan who had bad morals towards Allah SWT and the Messenger, so that they became a people who were cursed in the Qur'an and caused hatred and sentiment  to  Jewish people. This is a challenge for the realization of religious moderation, especially for Muslims, to act toward Jews who are not hostile to Islam. Goleman in his theory of emotion competencies provides a perspective on ideal human behavior to analyze the behavior of Israel clan  as humans who have emotions and awareness. The purpose of this research is to analyze the despicable behavior of the Israel  in Goleman's self-awareness perspective. The  methods of this research is literature research (library research). Researchers use content-analysis techniques   to draw a valid conclusion based on the object of study. The results of the study concluded that  Israel  clan did not  have good self awareness at  that time. This is demonstrated by historical facts  from the Qur'an and other books which show the behavior  of Israel.
Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its correlation with cardiovascular risk factors in Iraqi subjects of karbalaa city.
Authors: El-Yassin Hedef D. , Al- sharifi Zainab A. , Al-Jebuori Suhair
Published: September 2023

Background Uric acid an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality is still disputed as several studies have suggested that hyperuricemia is merely associated with cardiovascular diseases because of confounding factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, use of diuretics and insulin resistance .Moreover, there is still no well-established pathophysio-logical link between hyperuricemia and the development of cardiovascular complicationsObjectives: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the prevalence and the clinical correlation of hyperuricemia with cardiovascular risk factors in Karbalaa city in Iraq.Subjects and method: The investigations were performed between October 2009 and June 2010 on 130 subjects of different ages who attended the public clinic in AL- Hussainy teaching hospital in Karbala. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined enzymaticaly. High density lipoproteincholesterol was measured similarly after precipitation with magnesium phosphotungstate. Fasting blood glucose was obtained using enzymatic oxidation method. Uric acid was determined using enzymatic methodsResults: 19% of the subjects had the elevated level of serum uric acid. In the current study, positive correlations was found between serum uric acid levels and body mass index, plasma glucose, total and low density lipoprotein - cholesterol and triglyceride levels but a negative correlation between uric acid level and high density lipoprotein -cholesterol level.Conclusion: In conclusion, these data show that hyperuricemia is closely linked to the various components of the metabolic syndrome and independently related to coronary artery disease.
First assessment of flow phenomena of acute and chronic thrombosis in the jugular veins using new ultrasound vector-flow imaging
Authors: Luderer V. , Jung F. , Brandenstein M. , Stroszczynski C. , Jung E.M.
Published: September 2023

AIM: First assessment of flow changes in the jugular veins using high resolution ultrasound vector flow. MATERIAL UND METHODS: 15 patients (8 males, 7 females) with an age range of 35 to 82 years (mean age 58.53±12.26 years) were examined by an experienced examiner using high power ultrasound equipment (Resona R9, Mindray) with probe technology (Mindray L9-3U Linear Array transducer, 2.5 to 9.0 MHz). This group was compared with five healthy subjects (mean age 35.4±13.79 years) as a reference. To assess flow changes, the color-coded duplex sonography and the novel vector flow technique were used. The evaluation was performed of vector morphology changes, turbulence, and wall resistance measurements. RESULTS: There were changes after acute and chronic thrombosis in 9 cases, and venous compression in 7 cases. Turbulence was measurable from 0.01 % to 64.44 %, the average turbulence was 19.73±22.06 %. Wall resistance measurement showed values from 0.01 Pa to 3.14 Pa, depending on the age of the thrombosis or compression. The reference veins showed turbulence of 0.94±1.5 % and a mean wall resistance of 0.05±0.05 Pa. There are statistically significant differences between normal and thrombotic or compressed veins in terms of maximum wall stress (p = 0.006) and mean degree of turbulence (p = 0.012), while the difference in mean wall stress is not statistically significant (p = 0.058). CONCLUSION: Despite still existing technical limitations, the combination of V-flow and wall stress measurements in jugular vein changes suggests a high diagnostic potential.
Strong computable type
Authors: Amir Djamel Eddine , Hoyrup Mathieu
Published: September 2023

A compact set has computable type if any homeomorphic copy of the set which is semicomputable is actually computable. Miller proved that finite-dimensional spheres have computable type, Iljazović and other authors established the property for many other sets, such as manifolds. In this article we propose a theoretical study of the notion of computable type, in order to improve our general understanding of this notion and to provide tools to prove or disprove this property.

We first show that the definitions of computable type that were distinguished in the literature, involving metric spaces and Hausdorff spaces respectively, are actually equivalent. We argue that the stronger, relativized version of computable type, is better behaved and prone to topological analysis. We obtain characterizations of strong computable type, related to the descriptive complexity of topological invariants, as well as purely topological criteria. We study two families of topological invariants of low descriptive complexity, expressing the extensibility and the null-homotopy of continuous functions. We apply the theory to revisit previous results and obtain new ones.
Metacognition in Community-Dwelling Older Black and African American Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kero Katherine , Halter Colt M. , Moll Allison C. , Hanna Sophie M. , Woodard John L. , Giordani Bruno , Daugherty Ana M. , Kavcic Voyko
Published: September 2023

Background:

Cognitive assessment of older adults typically includes symptom reports and objective evaluations. However, there is often poor agreement between these measures. Cultural norms, stress, and anxiety may also influence cognitive self-appraisal and performance. Little research describes how other factors affect the self-report/objective test discrepancies noted in the literature.

Objective:

This study investigated whether the disparity between subjective cognitive concerns and objective cognitive performance is related to measures of anxiety and stress in older Black and African American adults.

Methods:

Telephone screenings were administered to 206 older adults (ages 64–94) during the first year of the pandemic. Demographic data, objective memory (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status [TICS-m]), an adaptation of the subjective memory measure, the Cognitive Change Questionnaire, emphasizing executive functioning in everyday life [CCQ-e]), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS4) were measured. Metacognition Discrepancy Index (MDI) was calculated from the standardized residual after regressing TICS-m on CCQ-e scores to quantify the discrepancy between cognitive self-appraisal and objective cognitive functioning.

Results:

Neither GAD-7 nor PSS-4 moderated the relationship between TICS-m and CCQ-e, and TICS-m scores weakly predicted subjective CCQ-e scores ( F(1, 197)=4.37, p = 0.038, R2 = 0.022). The MDI correlated with stress and anxiety ( rs = 0.294, 0.396, ps < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Discrepancies exist between objectively measured and self-evaluated cognition. Elevations in stress and anxiety are associated with greater overestimation of cognitive difficulties relative to objective performance. Pandemic-related stressors may have worsened anxiety and diminished self-appraisal of cognitive abilities for some individuals, while others may remain reluctant to acknowledge impairments. Social and emotional factors are meaningful considerations in assessing cognitive difficulties.
Effects of Brain Pathologies on Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Lindh-Rengifo Magnus , Jonasson Stina B. , Ullén Susann , Palmqvist Sebastian , van Westen Danielle , Stomrud Erik , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Nilsson Maria H. , Hansson Oskar
Published: September 2023

Background:

Impaired gait can precede dementia. The associations between gait parameters and brain pathologies are therefore of interest.

Objective:

To explore how different brain pathologies (i.e., vascular and Alzheimer’s) are associated with specific gait parameters from various gait components in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), who have an increased risk of developing dementia.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 96 patients with MCI (mean 72, ±7.5 years; 52% women). Gait was evaluated by using an electronic walkway, GAITRite®. Four gait parameters (step velocity variability; step length; step time; stance time asymmetry) were used as dependent variables in multivariable linear regression analyses. Independent variables included Alzheimer’s disease pathologies (amyloid-β and tau) by using PET imaging and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) by using MRI. Covariates included age, sex, comorbidities (and intracranial volume in analyses that includedWMH).

Results:

Increased tau-PET (Braak I–IV region of interest [ROI]) was associated with step velocity variability (standardized regression coefficient, β= 0.383, p < 0.001) and step length (β= 0.336, p < 0.001), which remained significant when using different Braak ROIs (I-II, III-IV, V-VI). The associations remained significant when adjusting for WMH ( p < 0.001). When also controlling for gait speed, tau was no longer significantly ( p = 0.168) associated with an increased step length. No significant associations between gait and Aβ-PET load or WMH were identified.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that one should pay specific attention to assess step velocity variability when targeting single task gait in patients with MCI. Future studies should address additional gait variability measures and dual tasking in larger cohorts.