bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revmatoid artritt i Norge – demografi, sykdomskarakteristika og behandling. En sammenligning med andre europeiske land og USA
Authors: Haugeberg Glenn , Rebnord Eirik Wilberg , Diamantopoulos Andreas , Gjelberg Hilde , Rødevand Erik , Sokka Tuulikki
Published: May 2016

Bakgrunn: Revmatoid artritt (RA) er en kronisk inflammatorisk leddsykdom som gir økt sykelighet og dødelighet. Nye biologiske legemidler har de siste 10 årene bedret prognosen betydelig. I 2005 ble QUEST-RA (Quantitative Standard Monitoring of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis) prosjektet etablert for å sammenligne sykdomsstatus og behandling hos RA-pasienter i forskjellige land. I denne artikkelen presenteres status for RA-pasienter i Norge sammenlignet med andre europeiske land og USA.Materiale og metode: Tilfeldig utvalgte RA-pasienter fulgt opp ved revmatologisk poliklinikk ved Sørlandet sykehus i Kristiansand (n=100) og St. Olavs Hospital i Trondheim (n=100) ble inkludert. I henhold til protokoll ble demografiske, sykdoms- og behandlingsdata registrert.Resultater: Norske RA-pasienter skilte seg lite fra gjennomsnittet i andre land med hensyn til alder, utdannelse og sykdomsvarighet. Sykdomsalvorlighet og sykdomsstatus til norske RA-pasienter er sammenlignbare med pasienter fra land som har lavest sykdomsaktivitet og best helsestatus. I Norge er andelen som behandles med biologiske legemidler ca 30%, og Norge er blant de land med størst andel pasienter som behandles med denne legemiddelgruppen. Fortolkning: RA-pasienter i Norge er blant de i Europa som har lavest sykdomsaktivitet. En årsak antas å være den relativt utbredte bruken av biologiske legemidler i Norge.
Aldersrelatert hørselstap: En kort oppsummering av resultater fra Hørselsundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag
Authors: Aarhus Lisa , Kvestad Ellen , Tambs Kristian , Engdahl Bo
Published: May 2016

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Benzodiazepine and z-hypnotic use in Norwegian elderly, aged 65-79
Authors: Neutel C. Ineke , Skurtveit Svetlana , Berg Christian
Published: May 2016

Purpose: Benzodiazepines/z-hypnotics (BZD-Z) guidelines suggest that elderly people ought to use anxiolytic benzodiazepines (BZD) and z-hypnotics only at low dose and only for a short time, and that hypnotic BZD not should be used at all. Since the elderly aged 65-79 tend to be recently retired but still in relatively good health, they may have different needs for BZD-Z than those older or younger. Our objective is to examine BZD-Z use in this age group.Methods: The study population consisted of Norwegians, aged 65-79, who filled prescriptions for anxiolytic BZD, hypnotic BZD and/or z-hypnotics in 2004-2009. The quantities prescribed were in daily defined doses (DDD), and 100 DDD/year was deemed excessive.Results: More than a quarter of the population received at least one BZD-Z prescription each year. Half of those received more than 100 DDD/year and a quarter received over 250 DDD/year, with these proportions increasing year by year. All three subgroups of BZD-Z showed increasing use with age and all except anxiolytic BZD showed increasing proportions of users using more than 100 DDD/year with age.Conclusions: Substantial numbers of elderly aged 65-79 receive prescriptions for BZD-Z, more with increasing age, and greater amounts per user. Guidelines are clearly ignored. While a rigid enforcement of guidelines/rules is not the answer, allowing the status quo to continue shows lack of respect for guidelines.
The association between vascular factors and subjective memory impairment in older people: The HUNT Study, Norway
Authors: Langballe Ellen Melbye , Tambs Kristian , Saltvedt Ingvild , Midthjell Kristian , Holmen Jostein
Published: May 2016

Objectives: Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is often considered an early sign of dementia. This study investigates the relationship between SMI and dementia-related vascular factors in older people.Method: This study was based on data from 12,255 individuals, 65 years and older, participating in the Nord-Trøndelag health study, third survey 2006-08 (HUNT3). SMI, vascular diseases, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption were self-reported. Blood pressure, cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) were clinically measured. SMI were predicted using linear regression analysis.Results: Stroke and heart disease were associated with SMI. High exercise intensity was associated with less SMI. Respondents with high systolic blood pressure (SBP) reported less SMI than those with moderate SBP. In men, low SBP was associated with significantly more SMI compared to those with moderate SBP. In women, moderate alcohol consumption compared to low alcohol consumption was associated with significantly more SMI.Conclusion: SMI was positively associated with stroke and heart disease in this study. For the other investigated vascular factors, we did not find strong relationships with SMI. However, for preventive and treatment purposes, it is noteworthy that high exercise intensity and high systolic blood pressure was associated with less SMI in both genders.
Gamle – og pasienter med demens – Omsorg ved livets slutt
Authors: Husebø Stein , Husebø Bettina S.
Published: May 2016

I livets siste leveår vil det store flertall gamle og pasienter med demens trenge kompetent omsorg, pleie, vurdering og behandling, med respekt for deres livsprosjekt og verdighet. Alle vil i de siste måneder, uker, dager og timer før de dør trenge kompetent omsorg ved livets slutt (palliative care), uavhengig av diagnose eller oppholdssted – til alle døgnets tider. Artikkelen drøfter utfordringer og muligheter, grunnlaget for nødvendig kompetanse: etikk, forberedende samtaler, organisering og samhandling.
Monogenic diabetes mellitus in Norway
Authors: Søvika Oddmund , Irgens Henrik Underthun , Molnes Janne , Sagena Jørn V. , Bjørkhaug Lise , Ræder Helge , Molveng Anders , Njølstad Pål R.
Published: May 2016

Here, we review data on monogenic diabetes mellitus in Norway based on the Norwegian MODY Registry at Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen. This registry comprises established or suspected cases of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) referred to our laboratory for genetic testing. We also present data on neonatal diabetes, another group of monogenic diabetes. To date, we have genetically diagnosed nearly 500 MODY cases in Norway. Mutations in the HNF1A gene (MODY3) were detected in about 50% of families with clinical MODY. GCK-MODY (MODY2) was the second most prevalent type, but may be underreported. We have also found mutations in the monogenic genes ABCC8, CEL, HNF1B, HNF4A, INS, KCNJ11 and NEUROD1. Based on genetic screening in the Norwegian MODY Registry and HUNT2, we estimate the number of MODY cases in Norway to be at least 2500-5000. Founder effects may determine the geographical distribution of MODY mutations in Norway. The molecular genetic testing of MODY and neonatal diabetes is mandatory for correct diagnosis and prognosis as well as choice of therapy
Cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in Norway during 1994-2009 CVDNOR – a nationwide research project
Authors: Sulo Gerhard , Igland Jannicke , Vollset Stein Emil , Nygård Ottar , Øyen Nina , Tell Grethe S.
Published: May 2016

Background: Although having a long tradition in cardiovascular epidemiologic research, nationwide data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and morbidity has not been available in Norway. Objectives: The main objectives of The Cardiovascular Disease in Norway (CVDNOR) project are 1) to study trends in CVD incidence, prevalence, survival and mortality and 2) providing CVD endpoints for national and regional health surveys and clinical studies. Methods: CVDNOR includes information from all hospital stays with a CVD, including congenital heart defects, or diabetes mellitus (DM) primary or secondary diagnosis code during 1994-2009. Information was retrieved from the electronic Patient Administrative Systems (PAS) from all Norwegian somatic hospitals. Data include age, gender, municipality of residence, hospitalization and discharge dates, main and secondary diagnoses and CVD-related procedure codes. All deaths due to CVD or DM are also included, as well as sociodemographic information and linkage to Cohort Norway (CONOR). In sub-projects we have also linked CVDNOR to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and to the Cancer Registry. Results: During 1994-2009, 1.3 million patients (4.3 mill hospitalizations) had a CVD diagnosis or procedure code, or DM. Of these, 470895 (35.8%) died during 1994-2010. In addition, 68523 men and women died from CVD without being hospitalized for CVD or DM during the same period. Among 173243 CONOR participants, 9075 (5%) died after participating in the health survey and through 2010. A total of 44118 (25.5%) CONOR participants had a CVD and 7575 (4.4%) had a DM related hospitalization after participating in CONOR, through 2009. In CVDNOR, 53039 (4%) had congenital heart defect codes. Conclusions: CVDNOR will be a valuable source of information supporting future epidemiologic research, with important implications for prevention and treatment strategies.
The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) – MoBa recruitment and logistics
Authors: Schreuder Patricia , Alsaker Elin
Published: May 2016

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Origins in History and Historiography: A Case Study of the First Swimmer at Bondi Beach
Authors: Booth Douglas
Published: May 2016

The search for origins is a hallmark of historical practice; origins are also fundamental to historical narratives, the predominant form by which historians present their interpretations of the past. Yet, paradoxically, history is ill-suited to studying firsts or origins. As the historian of culture and influential figure in historiography Jacob Burckhardt reminds us, single beginnings are rare phenomena. In this article, I investigate this paradox using swimming in the surf at the renowned Australian beach of Bondi as a case study. At one level, the history of swimming at Bondi is well known. Waverley Council built the Bondi Baths in the last quarter of the nineteenth century to protect bathers from dangerous surf and currents and to control how bathers revealed themselves in public. Over time, bathers became more proficient swimmers, and competitive individuals practiced the activity as a codified sport. Adventurous souls braved the surf and became surf swimmers and bodysurfers, and local authorities progressively relaxed the rules that defined how, and when, bathers presented their bodies in public. By the 1920s, Bondi was a bathing and swimming Mecca among Sydneysiders and other Australians. However, this history is strangely silent about the origins (and nature) of early swimming at Bondi. While scant primary sources partly explain the silence, it is also a function of the fact that history does not contain fully defined or fully formed subjects ready for analysis. Historians demarcate and position their subjects that they then configure into narratives. Each of these historiographical processes involves choices on the part of the historian that leaves inordinate space for alternative histories. In the search for Bondi’s first swimmer, I highlight these choices that, I argue, simultaneously direct attention to the speculative nature of origins and reaffirm them as an inescapable dimension of narrative form. In concluding this article, I identify the conditions under which historical narratives gain social acceptance and the philosophical value of analyzing origins.
Our Myth of Creation: The Politics of Narrating Basketball’s Origin
Authors: Colás Yago
Published: May 2016

From basketball’s invention in 1891, changes in the sport and in society have sparked contentious discussion over the nature of basketball, as well as over the techniques and tactics that ostensibly best embody and convey that nature. Investigating these discussions, I have identified clusters of recurrent stories, metaphors, and images arising around key events and personalities. In this essay, I analyze, historicize, and offer alternatives to the foundational story in basketball culture: the myth of the game’s creation. To do so, I first employ methods of literary analysis to illuminate the narrative mechanisms by which the myth operates. I then mobilize the historical record to offer a genealogical account of how and why the myth persists. Lastly, I present and argue for the superior value of two alternative models for narrating that origin.
Music and the Moving Image Keynote Address 2015: The Psychology of Film Music: Framing Intuition
Authors: Tan Siu-Lan
Published: May 2016

This article is an adapted version of the Keynote Address for the 10th conference for Music and the Moving Image delivered by Professor of Psychology Siu-Lan Tan at NYU Steinhardt, on May 29, 2015. It provides an overview of the empirical research on film music and invites collaboration between the humanities, arts and experimental sciences.

Color versions of some of the figures and a link to a video used in this article can be found here: http://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/mmi/media/psychology_of_film_music/.
Interpretation and Underscoring: Modest Constructivism and the Issue of Nondiegetic versus Intradiegetic Music in Film
Authors: Pontara Tobias
Published: May 2016

According to modest constructivism, the spectator’s freedom to imaginatively invent the meanings of films is limited to cases where a film is genuinely indeterminate. This essay argues that the relation between standard musical underscoring and a film’s story world (or diegesis) is seldom indeterminate in this way. It also argues, however, that the diegetic status of much underscoring can be imaginatively constructed in radically different ways. Thus, modest constructivism is mistaken.
Polin: From a “Here You Shall Rest” Covenant to the Creation of a Polish Jewish History Museum. An interview with Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett
Authors: Garbowski Christopher
Published: May 2016

This article consists of an interview with Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, chief curator of the core exhibition of the newly opened POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw. Among other subjects, the conversation touches on the philosophy underlying the creation of the museum and the way it presents its subject as well as ways in which POLIN differs from others museums of Jewish and Polish history. Its location in Warsaw, both a leading historic center of Jewish civilization and a site of Jewish martyrdom, is stressed. The museum is described as “a kind of act of recovery,” and the hope is expressed that it will strengthen the recent revival of Jewish life and culture in democratic Poland.
The Influence of the Frequency of the Internet Use on the Behavioral Relationship Model of the Mobile Device-Based Shopping
Authors: Wu Shwu-Ing , Chen Rou Jyun
Published: May 2016

In recent years, the increasingly innovative and diverse mobile devices have significantly promoted the mobile device-based shopping. What factors influence this kind of shopping? Will consumers purchase things with mobile devices? These are two topics that need to be explored. Through the literature analysis and the empirical research, this study aims to analyze the quality of information, system, service and mobile devices on the mobile device-based shopping platform. Moreover, it studies the attitude of consumers towards mobile device-based shopping, their willingness to adopt the shopping method and the behavioral relationship model in the actual mobile device-based shopping as well as compares the groups of different frequencies of the Internet use in terms of the relationship model.
　　With the convenient sampling, this study made an investigation among some of those who had experienced shopping on such mobile devices as tablets or smart phones. The 765 retrieved valid copies of questionnaire were divided into three groups—“often”, “average” and “seldom” according to the frequency consumers undertook mobile device-based shopping and were then compared. The results showed that there were significant differences among the three groups in four relationship paths, including: 1) the information quality of the mobile device-based shopping platform has more significant positive influence on consumers’ attitude path of mobile device-based shopping in the “average” group than in the other two; 2) the service quality of the mobile device-based shopping platform has more significant positive influence on consumers’ attitude path of mobile device-based shopping in the “seldom” group than in the other two; 3) the preference for mobile device-based shopping has much significant positive influence on the behavior path of mobile device-based shopping in the “often” group. According to the research results, different groups have different behavior models. These results can serve as reference information in the decision-making of those who establish mobile device-based shopping platforms and manufacture mobile devices.
Attitudes Toward and Use of Over-The-Counter Medications among Teenagers: Evidence from an Italian Study
Authors: Panero Cinzia , Persico Luca
Published: May 2016

In recent years, the consumption of Over-The-Counter (OTC) drugs has increased. Previous studies have pointed out that the OTC medications are misused and abused by teenagers, who often show poor knowledge of the toxicity of these drugs.

The paper aims to analyze the use of OTCs by teenagers and the factors that influence their consumption.

This paper is based on quantitative data. A web-based survey was administered to the students of an Italian high school. The questionnaire included queries on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the students with regard to OTCs. Since teenagers are influenced by their families, their approach to healthcare was also investigated.

An exploratory factor analysis was conducted in order to determine the key factors influencing their attitudes toward the use of medications. Finally, a cluster analysis was run in order to identify different behavioral segments.

Results show that four factors (tradition, social communication, self-management, and caution) influence the attitudes and behaviors of teenagers toward OTC medicines. The research also highlighted that attitudes toward the use of OTC medicines varied among the respondents, who were grouped into three different clusters: their presence implies the need for targeted educational programs, involving teenagers and their families.
The Impact of Sales Promotions on Sales Turnover in Airlines Industry in Nigeria
Authors: Adeniran James A. , Egwuonwu Thomas K. , Egwuonwu Clara O. K.
Published: May 2016

This study seeks to determine the impact of sales promotions on sales turnover in the airlines industry in Nigeria. Ex post facto and survey research design were adopted. Secondary data on average monthly passenger turnover covering a period of 25 years (1991-2015) were collected from the records of airport authority. A questionnaire was also administered to 450 air travellers to ascertain the extent to which sales promotions incentives stimulate them to travel by air within Nigeria. Frequency analysis, regression and t-Test methods of analysis were applied. The results show that sales promotions incentives significantly impacted sales turnover in the airlines industry; and air travellers prefer non-monetary sales promotional offers and off-line incentives to monetary and online offers. The study, therefore, recommends that the management of the airlines need to be more innovative in making promotion offers to air travellers so as to optimize the opportunity. Non-monetary and offline incentives offerings should be emphasized to meet the preference of air travellers. For future research, the study suggests that the focus can be on identifying other salient factors that motivate passengers to travel by air so as to boost industry sales.
Gain Study of an Edge Emitting Laser for Optical Fiber Communication System
Authors: Faten Adel Ismael Chaqmaqchee
Published: May 2016

In this work, an optical gain around 1 dB of an edge emitting laser (EEL) has been obtained applying threshold current of 22 mA. The conventional device lased at around 1.3 µm with 0.3 nm stripe width at room temperature. The device was also characterised through output light-voltage-current using current-temperature (I-T) controllers and optical spectrum analyser (OSA). ConventionalEEL isactually a form of semiconductor lasers that propagates the light in a direction along the wafer surface of laser chip and their emitted light is reflected at a cleaved edge. The cleaved facets of the device acts as mirrors, reflecting photons back into the resonator and the stimulated emission occurs within cavity region forgain achievement..
Comprendre l’action didactique par l’analyse des objets enseignés : l’exemple de deux séquences d’enseignement de la littérature au secondaire
Authors: Émery-Bruneau Judith
Published: May 2016

Les programmes d’enseignement du français au secondaire québécois (2005/2009) prescrivent une liste de notions littéraires à enseigner. On ignore cependant quels sont les objets réellement enseignés sous l’appellation «littérature» et comment ils sont articulés au travail de lecture de textes littéraires en classe. Nous avons donc mené une recherche pour décrire les pratiques d’enseignement de la littérature. Nous avons filmé des séquences d’enseignement de la littérature au secondaire et les avons analysées en produisant des synopsis (Schneuwly et Dolz, 2009) afin de comprendre les objets enseignés. En décrivant deux exemples de pratique d’enseignement de la poésie, nous montrons en quoi le contexte de travail des enseignants, les tâches qu’ils proposent aux élèves, les dispositifs didactiques qu’ils choisissent et leurs connaissances littéraires ont des effets sur la façon dont ils articulent les savoirs littéraires au travail sur les textes littéraires. Puis, en conclusion, nous soulignons trois constats tirés de nos analyses et nous identifions quelques chantiers à développer dans la recherche en didactique de la littérature.
L’intervention sociologique
Authors: Dubet François , Wieviorka Michel
Published: May 2016

Consacrée jusqu’ici à l’étude du mouvement contestataire, l’intervention sociologique prônée par Alain Touraine peut se décrire comme un processus qui, à partir de la mise en interrelation des chercheurs et des acteurs concernés aboutit à l’instauration d’un va-et-vient entre l’analyse et l’action, entre les chercheurs et les acteurs.

Les diverses composantes de ce type d’intervention sont présentées ici : nécessité d’une demande d’analyse par les acteurs, constitution de groupes d’analyse, mise en situation des acteurs en vue de créer les rapports sociaux, statuts et rôles des sociologues-chercheurs, phase de « sociologie permanente ».

L’intervention sociologique est organisée en fonction d’un objectif de connaissance et elle vise à comprendre comment se construisent l’action collective et les mouvements sociaux. Pour les militants, il apparaît que la connaissance des processus de formation de leur propre action leur est utile, d’autant qu’ils pensent que la lutte qu’ils mènent est centrale dans le type de société qui se construit sous leurs yeux et dont ils veulent être acteurs.
L’évaluation des soins holistiques
Authors: Sévigny Odile , Quéniart Anne , Lippman Abby , Hess Salinda , Chabot Patrick
Published: May 2016

L’intégration des médecines alternatives au système officiel de soins représente un enjeu important. L’un des facteurs considérés par les autorités québécoises compétentes au moment de prendre une décision à cet égard sera sans aucun doute l’efficacité des médecines alternatives, c’est-à-dire leur capacité d’améliorer et de maintenir la santé de façon sûre. Ce texte décrit les étapes d’une recherche qui consistait à évaluer des articles sur l’efficacité de certains soins alternatifs, articles publiés en anglais ou en français depuis 1975. La sélection des articles et le choix et l’utilisation de la grille d’évaluation sont présentés de manière détaillée. En dernier lieu, la question de la fiabilité et de la validité des articles, qui est au coeur du débat sur l’efficacité thérapeutique des médecines alternatives, est analysée.
Une forme mouvementée de gestion du social : les CLSC
Authors: Bélanger Paul R. , Lévesque Benoit
Published: May 2016

La mise sur pied des centres locaux de services communautaires au début des années 1970 au Québec correspondait à une situation particulière de crise dont les composantes se sont profondément modifiées depuis. Afin de saisir les nouveaux enjeux auxquels sont dorénavant confrontés les CLSC, les auteurs se penchent sur leurs modalités d’organisation et de fonctionnement. Deux dimensions doivent à cet égard être abordées conjointement, à savoir les rapports de travail et les rapports de consommation. Au départ, la création des CLSC était caractérisée par une triple alliance entre direction, salariés et usagers. De plus, les CLSC exprimaient à cette époque autant un refus de la consommation dépendante qu’une critique des rapports de travail autoritaires. La remise en question du compromis initial s’est effectuée à travers la mise en place, sur le plan du travail, de rapports quasi fordistes (en remplacement des rapports socio-politiques) et, sur le plan de la consommation, de rapports catégoriels qui se sont substitués aux rapports socio-communautaires de consommation. L’avenir des CLSC se joue autour des deux dimensions.
Un cas de force majeure : le développement des mesures d’assistance publique à Montréal au tournant du siècle
Authors: Fecteau Jean-Marie
Published: May 2016

L'émergence d'une politique systématique d'assistance aux populations démunies au niveau municipal est très peu documentée au Québec. On trouvera ici une brève analyse du phénomène dans le cas de Montréal au tournant du siècle. L'auteur tente de montrer que la problématique d'assistance définie au dix-neuvième siècle et la place qui y est assignée aux villes sont peu à peu « dépassées » par l'ampleur du phénomène de la misère en milieu urbain. La politique d'assistance mise en place recèle des limites qui en font moins un prodrome de l'État-providence qu'une forme hybride de charité publique dont l'apogée sera la loi québécoise sur l'assistance publique de 1921.
Cosmopolites enracinés et militants transnationaux
Authors: Tarrow Sydney
Published: May 2016

Les cosmopolites enracinés forment aujourd’hui une partie importante des groupes et des individus impliqués dans le militantisme social. S’appuyant sur les changements technologiques, l’intégration économique et les réseaux culturels, ce phénomène trouve son expression la plus frappante dans la mobilisation de jeunes militants à des manifestations organisées hors de leur propre pays, ce qu’on nomme le militantisme transnational. À partir de la définition relationnelle (et non cognitive) du cosmopolitisme, plusieurs figures du « cosmopolitisme enraciné » sont présentées, qui correspondent à autant de formes distinctes de militantisme transnational.
Radicaliser l’action collective : portrait de l’option libertaire au Québec
Authors: Sarrasin Rachel , Kruzynski Anna , Jeppesen Sandra , Breton Émilie
Published: May 2016

La mobilisation contre la mondialisation des échanges économiques au tournant du xxie siècle et, au Québec en particulier, dans le cadre du Sommet des Amériques en 2001 a donné l’impulsion à un mode d’engagement politique qui prend forme à l’extérieur des voies institutionnalisées de l’action partisane et du milieu communautaire. S’inspirant de la pensée politique anarchiste, les initiatives en apparence fragmentées qui s’inscrivent dans cette option libertaire forment aujourd’hui dans la province une communauté de mouvement social antiautoritaire. L’article a pour objectif de tracer un portrait empirique de cette communauté en dégageant la culture politique et l’interface organisationnelle qui relient les différents acteurs qui la composent. Mobilisés sur une variété de thématiques de lutte, ces acteurs antiautoritaires portent l’embryon d’un projet politique alternatif fondé sur la promotion de l’autonomie collective. Ce faisant, la communauté antiautoritaire porte les germes d’une façon novatrice de se réapproprier le politique par la pratique de la préfiguration, contribuant à la radicalisation du répertoire des formes d’engagement disponibles dans le paysage social et politique québécois.
Entre l’héritage colonial et la recherche d’autonomie politique : les peuples autochtones dans la tourmente des réformes de l’État-providence. Une comparaison de l’expérience australienne, américaine et canadienne
Authors: Papillon Martin
Published: May 2016

Longtemps exclus, puis victimes de politiques d’assimilation forcée, les peuples autochtones remettent aujourd’hui en question les conditions de leur appartenance et de leur participation au régime de citoyenneté des États issus de la colonisation européenne. Le processus de restructuration de l’État-providence pourrait influencer la dynamique des revendications identitaires autochtones, en modifiant les paramètres de la citoyenneté sociale et la relation des peuples autochtones avec l’État. On tend aujourd’hui, d’une part, à l’intégration programmatique accompagnée de mesures ciblées et, d’autre part, à une plus grande autonomie locale dans la gestion de ces programmes. Le régime de citoyenneté d’après-guerre favorisait plutôt une uniformisation du rapport entre les citoyens et l’État, et donc posait en contradiction l’intégration à ce régime et le maintien d’un régime statutaire distinct pour les autochtones. Le modèle actuel peut ainsi paraître moins réfractaire à la multiplicité et à la différenciation.
NOVA2-mediated RNA regulation is required for axonal pathfinding during development
Authors: Saito Yuhki , Miranda-Rottmann Soledad , Ruggiu Matteo , Park Christopher Y , Fak John J , Zhong Ru , Duncan Jeremy S , Fabella Brian A , Junge Harald J , Chen Zhe , Araya Roberto , Fritzsch Bernd , Hudspeth A J , Darnell Robert B
Published: May 2016

The neuron specific RNA-binding proteins NOVA1 and NOVA2 are highly homologous alternative splicing regulators. NOVA proteins regulate at least 700 alternative splicing events in vivo, yet relatively little is known about the biologic consequences of NOVA action and in particular about functional differences between NOVA1 and NOVA2. Transcriptome-wide searches for isoform-specific functions, using NOVA1 and NOVA2 specific HITS-CLIP and RNA-seq data from mouse cortex lacking either NOVA isoform, reveals that NOVA2 uniquely regulates alternative splicing events of a series of axon guidance related genes during cortical development. Corresponding axonal pathfinding defects were specific to NOVA2 deficiency: Nova2-/- but not Nova1-/- mice had agenesis of the corpus callosum, and axonal outgrowth defects specific to ventral motoneuron axons and efferent innervation of the cochlea. Thus we have discovered that NOVA2 uniquely regulates alternative splicing of a coordinate set of transcripts encoding key components in cortical, brainstem and spinal axon guidance/outgrowth pathways during neural differentiation, with severe functional consequences in vivo.
Accrual to Radiotherapy Trials in the US—Pitfalls and Potential Solutions
Authors: Sanford Nina N. , Hall William A.
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint discusses accrual difficulties of radiotherapy cooperative group trials and proposes solutions.
Enlarged Lymph Nodes
Authors: Stoler Nicole A. , Chelius Daniel C.
Published: September 2024

This JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Patient Page describes lymph nodes and how they can be treated if they become enlarged.
Tonotopic and Default Frequency Fitting for Music Perception in Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Creff Gwenaelle , Bernard-Le Liboux Nicolas , Coudert Paul , Bourdon Hermine , Pean Vincent , Wallaert Nicolas , Lambert Cassandre , Godey Benoit
Published: September 2024

Importance

Cochlear implants are an effective technique for enhancing speech perception abilities in quiet environments for people with severe to profound deafness. Nevertheless, complex sound signals perception, such as music perception, remains challenging for cochlear implant users.

Objective

To assess the benefit of a tonotopic map on music perception in new cochlear implant users.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, 2-period crossover study including 26 new cochlear implant users was performed over a 6-month period (June 2021 to November 2021). An anatomical tonotopic map was created using postoperative flat-panel computed tomography and a reconstruction software based on Greenwood function. New cochlear implant users older than 18 years with bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss or complete hearing loss for less than 5 years were selected in the University Hospital Centre of Rennes in France. The trial was conducted from June to November 2021 (inclusion) and to February 2022 (end of the assessment procedure at 12 weeks postactivation), and the analysis itself was completed in December 2022.

Intervention

Each participant was randomized to receive a conventional map followed by a tonotopic map or vice versa.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Participants performed pitch-scaling tasks (multidimensional qualitative assessment, melodic contour identification, melodic recognition test) after 6 weeks of each setting.

Results

Thirteen participants were randomized to each sequence. Two of the 26 participants recruited (1 in each sequence) had to be excluded due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The multidimensional qualitative assessment (Gabrielsson test), melodic contour identification, and melodic recognition scores were significantly higher with the tonotopic setting than the conventional one (mean effect [ME], 7.8; 95% CI, 5.0-10.5; ME, 12.1%; 95% CI, 5.7%-18.4%; ME, 14.4%, 95% CI, 8.5%-20.2%; and ME, 2.1, 95% CI, 1.7-2.5, respectively). Among the different dimensions evaluated by the Gabrielsson test, the mean scores for clarity, spaciousness, fullness, nearness, and total impression were significantly higher with tonotopic fitting. Ninety-two percent of the participants kept the tonotopy-based map after the study period.

Conclusions

In this randomized clinical trial of patients with new cochlear implants, a tonotopic-based fitting was associated with better results in perception of complex sound signals such as music listening experience.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04922619
ERK1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase dimerization is essential for the regulation of cell motility
Authors: de la Fuente‐Vivas Dalia , Cappitelli Vincenzo , García‐Gómez Rocío , Valero‐Díaz Sara , Amato Camilla , Rodriguéz Javier , Duro‐Sánchez Santiago , von Kriegsheim Alexander , Grusch Michael , Lozano José , Arribas Joaquín , Casar Berta , Crespo Piero
Published: September 2024

ERK1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (ERK) are key regulators of basic cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, and migration. Upon phosphorylation, ERK becomes activated and a portion of it dimerizes. The importance of ERK activation in specific cellular events is generally well documented, but the role played by dimerization is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that impeding ERK dimerization precludes cellular movement by interfering with the molecular machinery that executes the rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. We also show that a constitutively dimeric ERK mutant can drive cell motility per se, demonstrating that ERK dimerization is both necessary and sufficient for inducing cellular migration. Importantly, we unveil that the scaffold protein kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) is a critical element for endowing external agonists, acting through tyrosine kinase receptors, with the capacity to induce ERK dimerization and, subsequently, to unleash cellular motion. In agreement, clinical data disclose that high KSR1 expression levels correlate with greater metastatic potential and adverse evolution of mammary tumors. Overall, our results portray both ERK dimerization and KSR1 as essential factors for the regulation of cell motility and mammary tumor dissemination.
Development of an external system for monitoring the couch speed in radiotherapy using continuous bed movement
Authors: Shimizu Hidetoshi , Nakamura Osamu , Sasaki Koji , Aoyama Takahiro , Kitagawa Tomoki , Kodaira Takeshi
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Total body irradiation before bone marrow transplantation for hematological malignancies using Radixact, a high‐precision radiotherapy machine, can potentially reduce side effects and the risk of secondary malignancies. However, stable control of couch speed is critical, and direct assessment methods outlined in quality assurance guidelines are lacking. This study aims to develop a real‐time couch speed verification system for the Radixact.

Methods

The developed system used a linear encoder to measure couch speed directly. Accuracy was verified via a linear stage, comparing measurements with a laser distance sensor. After placing a phantom simulating the human body on the Radixact couch, the couch speed was verified using predefined speed plans.

Results

Operating the linear stage at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mm/s revealed that the maximum position error of the developed verification system compared to the laser distance sensor was nearly equivalent to the distance resolution of the system (0.05 mm/pulse), with negligible average speed error. When the Radixact couch operated at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mm/s, the values obtained by the verification system agreed with the theoretical values within the sampling period (0.01 s) and distance resolution (0.05 mm).

Conclusion

The verification system developed provides real‐time monitoring of the speed of the Radixact table, ensuring treatment effectiveness and patient safety. It would guarantee the couch speed's soundness and contribute to the “visualization” of safety.
Enhancing Atmospheric Water Harvesting of MIL‐101 (Cr) MOF Sorbent with Rapid Desorption Enabled by Ni─Ni3S2 Photothermal Bridge
Authors: Chen Weicheng , Liu Yangxi , Xu Bolin , Cheng Bin , Ganesan Muthusankar , Tan Yuxuan , Luo Mingyun , Chen Bingzhi , Zhao Xiaolong , Lin Ci , Qin Tingting , Luo Fan , Fang Yutang , Wang Shuangfeng , Liang Xianghui , Fu Wanwan , Tan Bingqiong , Ye Ruquan , Leung Dennis Y.C. , Ravi Sai Kishore
Published: September 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as leading candidates for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH). Despite their high water uptake capacity, challenges persist in effective solar‐driven desorption for water collection. Addressing this, a photothermal bridge is introduced by in situ growth of Ni₃S₂ coating on a thermally conductive nickel mesh, enhancing heat transfer to the MOF and accelerating desorption kinetics. MIL‐101 (Cr) MOF in bulk form (BMOF) is bonded to the lightweight Ni─Ni3S2 mesh using adhesive, forming a dual‐layer Ni─Ni₃S₂ mesh/BMOF assembly. This hybrid retains a high water uptake of ≈0.63 g g⁻¹ at 60% relative humidity (RH) with superior sorption kinetics. Photothermally driven heat transfer from Ni─Ni₃S₂ to BMOF achieves complete water desorption within 40 min under 1 kW m−2. Compared to other configurations like foil, granules, and foam, the mesh‐based hybrid has the highest single‐cycle adsorption–desorption kinetic of 3.18 × 10⁻3 g g⁻¹ min⁻¹. Additionally, the hybrid demonstrates exceptional hydrothermal stability over 50 cycles and maintains morphological stability with airflow, ensuring consistent performance. Heat transfer simulations confirm the thermal distribution across the Ni─Ni₃S₂ mesh/BMOF, corroborating the rapid and uniform desorption. This approach paves the way for efficient AWH in high‐RH, water‐scarce regions by enhancing desorption kinetics through solar energy.
Cu3VSe4 Cathode for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries: Favorable Chemical and Electronic Structures Inducing Intercalation and Displacement Reactions
Authors: Tao Donggang , Li Ting , Tang Yudi , Gui Hongda , Cao Yuliang , Xu Fei
Published: September 2024

Rechargeable Mg batteries are an advantageous energy‐storage technology with low cost and high safety, but the design of high‐performance cathode materials is currently the major difficulty. Herein, a new cathode material of Cu3VSe4 is fabricated with a comprehensive consideration of the chemical and electronic structures. The intermediate band semiconductor Cu3VSe4 has a cubic crystal structure containing interlaced 3D tunnels. The V and Se atoms form chemical bonds with high covalent proportions and facilitate the charge delocalization via the V‒Se bonds. Because of these features, Cu3VSe4 provides a high capacity of 251 mAh g‒1 with co‐redox of Cu, V, and Se elements and an outstanding rate performance of 44 mAh g‒1 at 15 A g‒1. Prominently, a high mass load of 3.0 mg cm‒2 is achieved without obvious rate capability decay, which is quite favorable to pair with the high‐capacity Mg metal anode in practical application. The mechanism investigation and theoretical computation demonstrate that Cu3VSe4 undergoes first a Mg‐intercalation and then a displacement reaction, during which the crystal structure is maintained, assisting the reaction reversibility and cycling stability. These findings reveal a rational design principle of rechargeable Mg battery cathodes based on a comprehensive consideration of chemical and electronic structures.
A Programmable Electronic Skin with Event‐Driven In‐Sensor Touch Differential and Decision‐Making
Authors: Cao Zhicheng , Xu Yijing , Yu Shifan , Huang Zijian , Hu Yu , Lin Wansheng , Wang Huasen , Luo Yanhao , Zheng Yuanjin , Chen Zhong , Liao Qingliang , Liao Xinqin
Published: September 2024

High‐precise, crosstalk‐free tactile perception offers an intuitive way for informative human‐machine interactions. However, the differentiation and labeling of touch position and strength require substantial computational space due to the cumbersome post‐processing of parallel data. Herein, a programmable and robust electronic skin (PR e‐skin) with event‐driven in‐sensor touch differential and perception, solving the inherent defects in the von Neumann framework is introduced. The PR e‐skin realizes feature simplification and reduction of data transmission by integrating the computing framework into sensing terminals. Furthermore, the event‐driven functional mode further greatly compresses untriggered redundant data. Benefiting from the minimal concise dataset, the PR e‐skin can directly differentiate touch position and pressure with swift response time (<0.3 ms). Robust carbon functional film ensures long‐term and stable implementation (>10 000 cycles) of the in‐sensor computing architectural feature. In a designable, continuous position detection with an extensive pressure range (210 kPa), which is an improvement of 5.5 times, the PR e‐skin can ultra‐sensitive extract trajectory sliding or rapping actions. Moreover, combined with customized neural network, a dual‐encryption recognition system is constructed based on slide action, reaching a high recognition accuracy of ≈98%, which reveals the great potential in intelligent interaction and security.
Electrolyte Strategy Enables High‐Rate Lithium Carbon Fluoride (Li/CFx) Primary Batteries in All‐Climate Environments
Authors: Chen Xunxin , Liu Gaopan , Fu Ang , Xiao Yukang , Sun Jipeng , Zhang Zhongru , Yang Yong
Published: September 2024

Lithium/carbon fluoride (Li/CFx) batteries have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional theoretical energy density (2180 Wh kg−1) in the battery field. However, its inadequate rate capability and limited adaptability at low‐temperature are major bottlenecks to its practical application due to the low conductivity of CFx materials and electrochemical inertness of discharge products LiF. Herein, an efficient and novel functional electrolyte formula is disclosed with tin trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sn(OTf)2) as an additive to solve these challenges. It is shown that Sn(OTf)2 possessing reasonable Lewis acidity can effectively facilitate the dissolution of LiF during the discharging process. Thereafter, the CFx electrode materials exhibit excellent rate performance with 1145 Wh kg−1 at 15 000 mA g−1 (or 15 A g−1, 30 °C) and high capacity retention of 95.8% at a low temperature of −50 °C compared with the operating temperature of 30 °C. Moreover, the Sn2+ dissolved from Sn(OTf)2 promotes the formation of Li‐Sn alloy on the lithium metal anode, effectively protecting the lithium metal anode, and Li/CFx battery can be well stored for over 1 000 h at 60 °C with negligible self‐discharge behavior. This work presents a novel electrolyte exploring strategy that can effectively guide the development of next‐generation electrolytes operating under extreme conditions.
Depolymerizable Enzymatic Cascade Nanoreactor for Self‐Enhancing Targeting Synergistic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Song Luming , Zhao Qinfu , Feng Shuaipeng , He Ye , Li Yian , Wang Siling , Zhang Jinghai
Published: September 2024

Traditional targeting strategies require nanoparticles (NPs) to penetrate the vascular wall to bind tumor cell surface receptors, resulting in a small proportion of drugs that achieve targeting delivery. Based on this, a novel design of self‐enhancing targeting to tumor vascular sites has been proposed and needs to meet two preconditions: 1) It can efficiently bind to P‐selectin overexpressed by activated tumor vascular endothelial cells. 2) It can release reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the tumor site and activate resting vascular endothelial cells, thus providing more targets for subsequent preparations. Besides, to overcome the limited penetration of the tumor site, a variable‐size system needs to be designed. Red light carbon dots nanozyme (Fe(III)‐CDs) and glucose oxidase (GOx) are combined to form the enzymatic cascade nanoreactor FG. As a natural ligand of P‐selectin, fucoidan (Fu) is coated on the surface of L‐arginine‐composite FG to obtain FGA@Fu. It is demonstrated that FGA@Fu can realize weak acid/photothermal responsive depolymerization to enhance the penetration to tumors with controlled ROS release. Inspiringly, FGA@Fu can achieve “targeting‐activation‐(self‐enhanced targeting)” to tumor vasculature with good fluorescence tracking. In vivo anti‐tumor experiments showed that FGA@Fu has excellent cascade enzyme catalysis/gas/photothermal combination therapy effect and strong inhibition of tumor metastasis.
Open‐Source Throttling of CD8+ T Cells in Brain with Low‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound‐Guided Sequential Delivery of CXCL10, IL‐2, and aPD‐L1 for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Dong Lei , Zhu Yini , Zhang Haoge , Gao Lin , Zhang Zhiqi , Xu Xiaoxuan , Ying Leqian , Zhang Lu , Li Yue , Yun Zhengcheng , Zhu Danqi , Han Chang , Xu Tingting , Yang Hui , Ju Shenghong , Chen Xiaoyuan , Zhang Haijun , Xie Jinbing
Published: September 2024

Improving clinical immunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) relies on addressing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Enhancing CD8+ T cell infiltration and preventing its exhaustion holds promise for effective GBM immunotherapy. Here, a low‐intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)‐guided sequential delivery strategy is developed to enhance CD8+ T cells infiltration and activity in the GBM region. The sequential delivery of CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) to recruit CD8+ T cells and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) to reduce their exhaustion is termed an “open‐source throttling” strategy. Consequently, up to 3.39‐fold of CD8+ T cells are observed with LIFU‐guided sequential delivery of CXCL10, IL‐2, and anti‐programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (aPD‐L1), compared to the free aPD‐L1 group. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapeutic efficacy is substantially enhanced by the reversed immunosuppressive TME due to the expansion of CD8+ T cells, resulting in the elimination of tumor, prolonged survival time, and long‐term immune memory establishment in orthotopic GBM mice. Overall, LIFU‐guided sequential cytokine and ICIs delivery offers an “open‐source throttling” strategy of CD8+ T cells, which may present a promising strategy for brain‐tumor immunotherapy.