bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Progression to Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Petersen Ronald C. , Lundt Emily S. , Therneau Terry M. , Weigand Stephen D. , Knopman David S. , Mielke Michelle M. , Roberts Rosebud O. , Lowe Val J. , Machulda Mary M. , Kremers Walter K. , Geda Yonas E. , Jack Clifford R.
Published: December 2018

Despite much attention to the use of biomarkers for predicting Alzheimer disease, little information is available at the individual level. We used the population‐based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging to estimate absolute risk of cognitive impairment by biomarker group. Risk increased with age and any biomarker abnormality. For example, a 75‐year‐old with abnormal amyloid and cortical thinning biomarkers has about a 20% chance of cognitive impairment by age 80 years, whereas with normal biomarkers the chance is <10%. Persons with only one abnormal biomarker had similar intermediate risks. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:155–160.
Synthesis of novel derivatives of 7,8‐dihydro‐6H‐imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]benzothiazol‐5‐one and their virus‐inhibiting activity against influenza A virus
Authors: Galochkina Anastasia V. , Bollikanda Rakesh K. , Zarubaev Vladimir V. , Tentler Dmitry G. , Lavrenteva Irina N. , Slita Alexander V. , Chirra Nagaraju , Kantevari Srinivas
Published: December 2018

Influenza remains a highly pathogenic and hardly controlled human infection. The ability of selecting drug‐resistant variants necessitates the search and development of novel anti‐influenza drugs. Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a series of novel 2‐substituted 7,8‐dihydro‐6H‐imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]benzothiazol‐5‐ones 3a–k for their virus‐inhibiting activity against influenza A virus. The new analogues 3a–k prepared in two steps from commercially available cyclohexane‐1,3‐diones were fully characterized by their NMR and mass spectral data. Among the new derivatives screened for cytotoxicity and in vitro antiviral activity against influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) in MDCK cells, three analogues 3i–k containing a thiophene unit were found to exhibit high virus‐inhibiting activity (high SI values) and a favorable toxicity profile. The compound 3j (CC50: >1000 μM, SI = 77) with higher potency is the best anti‐influenza hit analogue for further structural optimization and drug development. The most active compounds did not inhibit viral neuraminidase and possess therefore other targets and mechanisms of activity than the currently used neuraminidase inhibitors.
Control of VTOL aircraft with position state constraints using the Barrier Lyapunov Function
Authors: Zhao Dongfang , Liu Jinkun
Published: December 2018

A Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF) controller algorithm is proposed for position tracking control of vertical take‐off and landing (VTOL) aircraft with position state constraints. When VTOL performs missisons in a narrow space, the VTOL position states have to be restricted within the constrained region. To deal with the above problem, BLFs are employed to prevent position states from violating the constraints. The dynamic surface control method is applied to reduce the “explosion of terms” problem of the back‐stepping method. The stability analysis and simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Docosahexaenoic acid promotes cell cycle arrest and decreases proliferation through WNT/β‐catenin modulation in colorectal cancer cells exposed to γ‐radiation
Authors: Murad Leonardo Borges , da Silva Nogueira Perôny , de Araújo Wallace Martins , Sousa‐Squiavinato Annie Cristhine Moraes , Rocha Murilo Ramos , de Souza Waldemir Fernandes , de‐Freitas‐Junior Júlio , Barcellos‐de‐Souza Pedro , Bastos Lilian Gonçalves , Morgado‐Díaz Jose Andrés
Published: December 2018

The effects of radiation are known to be potentiated by N‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which modulate several signaling pathways, but the molecular mechanisms through which these fatty acids enhance the anticancer effects of irradiation in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment remain poorly elucidated. Here, we aimed to ascertain whether the fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts a modulating effect on the response elicited by radiation treatment (RT). Two CRC cell lines, Caco‐2 and HT‐29, were exposed to RT, DHA, or both (DHA + RT) for various times, and then cell viability, proliferation, and clonogenicity were assessed. Moreover, cell cycle, apoptosis, and necrosis were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the involvement of WNT/β‐catenin signaling was investigated by immunofluorescence to determine nuclear β‐catenin, GSK3β phosphorylation status, and TCF/LEF‐activity reporter. DHA and RT applied separately diminished the viability of both HT‐29 and Caco‐2 cells, and DHA + RT caused a further reduction in proliferation mainly in HT‐29 cells, particularly in terms of colony formation. Concomitantly, our results verified cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, a reduction of cyclin D1 expression, and a decrease in GSK3β phosphorylation after the combined treatment. Furthermore, immunofluorescence quantification revealed that nuclear β‐catenin was increased in RT‐exposed cells, but this effect was abrogated in cells exposed to DHA + RT, and the results of TCF/LEF‐activity assays confirmed that DHA attenuated the increase in nuclear β‐catenin activity induced by irradiation. Our finding shows that DHA applied in combination with RT enhanced the antitumor effects of irradiation on CRC cells, and that the underlying mechanism involved the WNT/β‐catenin pathway. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):24–34, 2019
Manipulating Nutritional Conditions and Salinity‐Gradient Stress for Enhanced Lutein Production in Marine Microalga Chlamydomonas sp.
Authors: Xie Youping , Lu Kongyong , Zhao Xurui , Ma Ruijuan , Chen Jianfeng , Ho Shih‐Hsin
Published: December 2018

Marine microalgae has great potential for lutein production with the advantage of saving fresh water resource. Thus, marine microalga Chlamydomonas sp. JSC4 is investigated as a potential lutein producer in this study. The medium types, nitrate‐N and sea salt concentration are individually investigated to promote the cell growth rate and lutein production of JSC4. In Modified Bold Basal 3N medium, cell growth and lutein content are optimal at the nitrate‐N concentration of 1000 mg L−1 and sea salt concentration of 2%. In addition, an innovative salinity‐gradient strategy is operated to dramatically enhance biomass productivity (560 mg/L/d) and lutein content (3.42 mg g−1), resulting in the optimal lutein productivity (1.92 mg/L/d). Overall, this study clearly demonstrates that salinity is a significant inducer of lutein accumulation by strain JSC4 and that lutein production can be successfully optimized using the salinity‐gradient strategy, which is beneficial for the outdoor large‐scale lutein production in the future.
Individual optimal attentional strategy during implicit motor learning boosts frontoparietal neural processing efficiency: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Sakurada Takeshi , Hirai Masahiro , Watanabe Eiju
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Optimal focus of attention is a crucial factor for improving motor learning. Most previous studies have shown that directing attention to movement outcome (external focus; EF) is more effective than directing attention to body movement itself (internal focus; IF). However, our recent studies demonstrated that the optimal attentional strategy in healthy and clinical populations varies depending on individual motor imagery ability. To explore the neurological basis underlying individual optimal attentional strategy during motor learning tasks, in the present study, we measured frontoparietal activities using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Methods

Twenty‐eight participants performed a visuomotor learning task requiring circular tracking. During the task, the participants were required to direct their attention internally or externally. The individual optimal attentional strategy was determined by comparing the after‐effect sizes between the IF and EF conditions.

Results

Fifteen participants showed larger after‐effects under the EF condition (External‐dominant), whereas the others showed larger after‐effects under the IF condition (Internal‐dominant). Based on the differences in neural activities between Internal‐ and External‐dominant groups, we identified the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 46) and right somatosensory association cortex (Brodmann area 7) as the neural bases associated with individual optimal attentional strategy during motor learning. Furthermore, we observed a significant negative correlation, that is, lower activity in these areas was associated with a larger after‐effect size under the optimal attentional strategy.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that more efficient neural processing in the frontoparietal area under the individual optimal attentional strategy can accelerate motor learning.
Hollow fiber countercurrent dialysis for continuous buffer exchange of high‐value biotherapeutics
Authors: Yehl Christopher J. , Jabra Mario G. , Zydney Andrew L.
Published: December 2018

Buffer exchange, desalting, and formulation of high‐value biotherapeutics are currently performed using batch diafiltration (DF); however, this type of tangential flow filtration process may be difficult to implement as part of a fully continuous biomanufacturing process. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of using countercurrent dialysis for continuous protein formulation and buffer exchange. Experiments were performed using concentrated solutions of immunoglobuin G (IgG) with commercially available hollow fiber dialyzers having 1.5 and 1.8 m2 membrane surface area. More than 99.9% buffer exchange was obtained over a range of conditions, as determined from the removal of a model impurity (vitamin B12). The dialyzers were able to process more than 0.5 kg of IgG per day in an easily scalable low‐cost process. In addition, buffer requirements were less than 0.02 L of buffer per gram IgG, which is several times less than that used in current batch DF processes. These results clearly demonstrate the potential of using low‐cost hollow fiber dialyzers for buffer exchange and product formulation in continuous bioprocessing. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2763, 2019.
Medial elbow anatomy: A paradigm shift for UCL injury prevention and management
Authors: Hoshika Shota , Nimura Akimoto , Yamaguchi Reiko , Nasu Hisayo , Yamaguchi Kumiko , Sugaya Hiroyuki , Akita Keiichi
Published: December 2018

To improve the management outcomes and diagnostic accuracy of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury, the anatomy of the medial side of the elbow joint is necessary to be understood in terms of the periarticular surroundings rather than the specific ligaments. The aim of this study was to anatomically clarify the medial side of the elbow joint in terms of the tendinous structures and joint capsule. We conducted a descriptive anatomical study of 23 embalmed cadaveric elbows. We macroscopically analyzed the relationship between the flexor pronator muscles (FPMs) and the joint capsule in 10 elbows, histologically analyzed in 6 elbows, and observed the bone morphology through micro computed tomography in 7 elbows. The two tendinous septa (TS) were found: between the pronator teres (PT) and flexor digitorum superficial (FDS) muscles, and between the FDS and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles. These two TS are connected to the medial part of the brachialis tendon, deep aponeurosis of the FDS, and FCU to form the tendinous complex, which linked the humeroulnar joint and could not be histologically separated from each other. Moreover, the capsule of the humeroulnar joint under the tendinous complex had attachment on the ST of 7 mm width. The two TS, the brachialis tendon, the deep FDS and FCU aponeuroses, and the joint capsule linked the humeroulnar joint. These anatomical findings could lead to a paradigm shift in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of UCL injuries in baseball players. Clin. Anat. 32:379–389, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. Clinical Anatomy published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Clinical Anatomists.
Separator Membranes for High Energy‐Density Batteries
Authors: Jana Karun Kumar , Lue Shingjiang Jessie , Huang Allen , Soesanto Jansen Fajar , Tung Kuo‐Lun
Published: December 2018

Rechargeable lithium‐ion, lithium‐sulfur, zinc‐air, and redox‐flow batteries are the most anticipated multipurpose platforms for future generations of electric vehicles, consumer devices, and portable electronics because of their high‐energy density and cost‐effective electrochemical energy storage. Over the past decades, a variety of novel separator membranes and electrolytes have been developed to improve rechargeable battery performance while not thoroughly addressing the issue of flammability, safety, and low cycling stability of high‐energy‐density batteries. This comprehensive review mainly underlines the optimization and modification of porous membranes for battery separator applications, covering four significant types: microporous separators, nonwoven mat separators, polymer electrolyte membranes, and composite membrane separators. Furthermore, the present trends in material selection for batteries are reviewed, and different choices of cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte materials are discussed, which will also serve as key components to boost the development of next‐generation rechargeable batteries.
Metformin inhibits pro‐inflammatory responses via targeting nuclear factor‐κB in HaCaT cells
Authors: Ba Wei , Xu Yuanyuan , Yin Guang , Yang Jingrun , Wang Rui , Chi Sumin , Wang Yinyin , Li Chengxin
Published: December 2018

Psoriasis is a prevalent, chronic inflammatory skin disease that arises from rapid and excessive growth of keratinocytes induced by abnormal inflammatory responses. Metformin is the first‐line drug in type 2 diabetes and has been proven to possess significant anti‐inflammatory effects in various diseases. In the present study, we examined the role of metformin in nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB)–mediated inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells, a cell line for the keratinocyte. Our results demonstrated that metformin significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and IL‐1β induced by TNFα. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis showed that metformin inhibited the nuclear localization of p65, a subunit of nuclear factor NF‐κB. In addition, metformin suppressed the transcription activity of NF‐κB by inhibiting the degradation of IκBα. The inhibitory effect of metformin on NF‐κB signalling is comparable with a specific IKKβ inhibitor BI605906. Collectively, our data suggest that metformin may be a potential therapeutic agent in inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis.
The Vital Balance of Graphitization and Defect Engineering for Efficient Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst Based on N‐doping Carbon/CNT Frameworks
Authors: Li Yinle , Liu Qinglin , Zhang Siqing , Li Guangqin
Published: December 2018

Defects modulation generally has significant influence on the electronic structures and surface chemistry of porous carbon for the electrocatalysts. Here, nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon/N‐CNTs frameworks (Co@NC‐m) with the vital graphitization and defect engineering, which encapsulated with cobalt nanoparticles and fabricated by a simple carbonization of Co/Zn zeolitic benzimidazole framework. The as‐prepared optimal Co@NC‐0.75 shows outstanding catalytic performance for both ORR and OER, the potential gap between the ORR potential with a current density of −3 mA cm−2 and the OER potential with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 is 0.78 V, illustrating that it is one of the best MOFs‐derived bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts reported to date. More importantly, the Co@NC‐0.75 demonstrates comparable catalytic performance and durability to those of commercial Pt/C for ORR and commercial RuO2 for OER. The superior bifunctional oxygen catalytic activity is mainly attributed to the vital balance between the degree of graphitization and defect engineering, which is proposed to enhance the electron transfer efficiency and conductivity. This work provides more opportunities for understanding and designing other porous graphitized carbon‐based electrocatalysts.
Aggregation‐induced Substrate Specificity in Aerobic Reduction of Olefins with Ultrasound Gel Catalyst of Synthetic Flavin
Authors: Kawamorita Soichiro , Fujiki Misa , Li Zimeng , Kitagawa Takahiro , Imada Yasushi , Naota Takeshi
Published: December 2018

A riboflavin derivative bearing octadecanoyl functionalities 1 a gelatinizes a variety of organic solvents upon brief ultrasonication in an organic fluid. The rate of gelation with 1 a can be externally and precisely controlled by tuning the sonication time and type of solvent. The present ultrasound gel exhibits unprecedented substrate specificity for the catalytic aerobic reduction of olefins, which can be performed with hydrazine at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure in air. The reaction rates of 1‐dodecene (2), allylbenzene (3), and o‐allylphenol (4) with the ultrasound gel 1 a catalyst is in the order of 2≫3>4, the substrate specificity of which is in contrast to the almost non‐specificity with the non‐gelled catalyst 1 b bearing butanoyl functionalities, and entirely inverse specificity with a flavin‐dendrimer association catalyst (2<3<4). Based on kinetic studies, the aggregation effects on the substrate specificity have been ascribed to the specific inclusion of aliphatic olefins into the enzyme‐like artificial cavities of the gel catalysts.
From a Molecular Single‐Source Precursor to a Selective High‐Performance RhMnOx Catalyst for the Conversion of Syngas to Ethanol
Authors: Preikschas Phil , Bauer Julia , Huang Xing , Yao Shenglai , Naumann d'Alnoncourt Raoul , Kraehnert Ralph , Trunschke Annette , Rosowski Frank , Driess Matthias
Published: December 2018

The first molecular carbonyl RhMn cluster Na2[Rh3Mn3(CO)18] 2 with highly labile CO ligands and predefined Rh‐Mn bonds could be realized and successfully used for the preparation of the silica (davisil)‐supported RhMnOx catalysts for the conversion of syngas (CO, H2) to ethanol (StE); it has been synthesized through the salt metathesis reaction of RhCl3 with Na[Mn(CO)5] 1 and isolated in 49 % yields. The dianionic Rh3Mn3 cluster core of 2 acts as a molecular single‐source precursor (SSP) for the low‐temperature preparation of selective high‐performance RhMnOx catalysts. Impregnation of 2 on silica (davisil) led to three different silica‐supported RhMnOx catalysts with dispersed Rh nanoparticles tightly surrounded by a MnOx matrix. By using this molecular SSP approach, Rh and MnOx are located in close proximity on the oxide support. Therefore, the number of tilted CO adsorption sites at the RhMnOx interface increased leading to a significant enhancement in selectivity and performance. Investigations on the spent catalysts after several hours time‐on‐stream revealed the influence of rhodium carbide RhCx formation on the long‐term stability.
Black Men and Racial Microaggressions at Work
Authors: Pitcan Mikaela , Park‐Taylor Jennie , Hayslett Janelle
Published: December 2018

Experiences of racial microaggressions are associated with perceptions of workplace discrimination and linked with poor mental health outcomes. The authors examined the lived experiences of workplace racial microaggresssions among 12 early career professional Black men working in predominantly White organizations (PWOs). The phenomenological experience of racial microaggressions was separated into 4 domains: context, experience, costs, and coping. Subthemes included different worlds and different rules, assumption of inferiority, cognitive and affective reactions, psychological and career‐related costs, and internal (e.g., compartmentalizing) and external (e.g., using social networks) mechanisms of coping. Career counselors may want to proactively assess how these types of experiences and other forms of racism may affect Black men’s social and psychological outcomes as well as their career functioning and success. Further research is needed to examine whether age or career experience influences experiences of racial microaggressions in PWOs, as well as the effect of these experiences on psychological outcomes.
Career Transitions of Highly Skilled Immigrants: Two Case Studies
Authors: Lane Alexandra , Lee Debbiesiu L.
Published: December 2018

Highly skilled immigrants face many obstacles in transitioning their career from their home country to the United States and often face challenges in gaining recognition for their skills and credentials. By studying the specific stressors and protective factors these immigrants experience in their career transitions, career counselors can better assist this population through the process. Two phenomenological case studies were conducted to understand and describe the lived experience of highly skilled immigrants as they adapt to new careers in the United States. Four themes emerged from the interpretative phenomenological analysis: loss of community, lack of voice, frustration with U.S. education and regulatory systems, and pride in vocation. Findings suggest that career counselors should engage in advocacy for this group and promote vocational pride and community engagement. Future research should elaborate on the specific circumstances of highly skilled immigrants from diverse demographic backgrounds and professions.
Family Influence, Critical Consciousness, and Career Calling in Women of Color
Authors: Marks Laura Reid , Harrell‐Williams Leigh M. , Tate Kevin A. , Coleman Monica L. , Moore Kanesha
Published: December 2018

Research on calling has examined the presence of and search for career calling. This cross‐sectional study investigated the relationship between family influence and career calling (presence and search) in a sample of 400 women of color (mean age = 31.2 years) in the United States. The authors also examined whether this relationship was partially or fully explained by critical consciousness. Participants were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk, where they completed an online questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to test 2 models, with calling presence and calling search as disparate outcomes. Analyses revealed that most of the significant pathways in the model involved family influence, critical consciousness, and calling search. In addition, findings suggested that critical consciousness did not explain the relationship between family influence and career calling (presence or search); however, given the significant pathways, it may still be an important consideration for counselors when working with women of color on their career development.
Career‐Related Filial Piety and Career Adaptability in Hong Kong University Students
Authors: Hui Tracy , Yuen Mantak , Chen Gaowei
Published: December 2018

According to career construction theory, cultural beliefs represent a social construct that may shape an individual’s career path. In Chinese society, the Confucian concept of filial piety is one such influential belief. More specifically, reciprocal filial piety involves mutually supportive processes between parents and their offspring, whereas authoritarian filial piety is characterized by the suppression of the offspring’s own wishes to comply with those of their parents. The authors examined the extent to which Hong Kong undergraduate students (N = 522) possess dual career‐related filial piety and how it relates to their career adaptability during the school‐to‐work transition. Results indicated that career‐related reciprocal filial piety was regarded as important and was associated with all career adaptability dimensions, whereas career‐related authoritarian filial piety was not. The possible complex effect of dual career‐related filial piety on career adaptability deserves attention from career counselors and researchers.
A Green Multifunctional Antiscaling Inhibitor for Crystallization Control of Ca‐Scale Crystals
Authors: Chen Jianxin , Xu Hao , Han Jian , Wang Cai , Wu Qing , Li Chunli
Published: December 2018

Histidine‐polyaspartic acid (His‐PASP), an effective antiscaling inhibitor, was synthesized by polysuccinimide (PSI) and histidine. His‐PASP exhibited a promising antiscaling property by inhibiting the reaction crystallization of Ca‐scale crystals. The crystal form and surface morphology of Ca‐scale crystals were changed after the addition of His‐PASP. The hard scale was turned into soft dirt and can be easily washed away. The binding between His‐PASP and calcite was exothermic and the energy was higher than the traditional adsorption energy. His‐PASP possessed a favorable anticorrosion efficiency for carbon steel in cooling water. In the test of dispersing Fe2O3, the transmittance of the supernatant was reduced with increasing His‐PASP dosage.
Entwicklung eines Partikelmesssystems zur Erfassung geringer Streulicht‐Intensitäten optimiert für den Einsatz sehr schwacher Laserstrahlen
Authors: Teumer Tobias , Hufnagel Thomas , Schäfer Thomas , Schlarp‐Horvath Robert , Karbstein Heike P. , Methner Frank‐Jürgen , Rädle Matthias
Published: December 2018

In dieser Arbeit wird die Möglichkeit aufgezeigt, mithilfe einer sehr empfindlichen Einzel‐Photonenmesstechnik Streulicht von Partikeln zu messen, das durch den Einsatz von Lasern mit extrem geringen Laserintensitäten erzeugt wurde. Die entstehenden Vorteile für nach diesem Prinzip zu bauende Geräte liegen im Bereich Explosionsschutz, Vermeidung von Produktschädigungen und Arbeitssicherheit. Es werden Messaufbauten zum Vermessen von Suspensionen und Aerosolen beschrieben. Laserleistungen kleiner 5 µW werden eingesetzt. Die Messungen beginnen ab einer Partikelgröße von 200 nm und werden in einer 90°‐Anordnung als worst case durchgeführt, da bei diesem Winkel ein Minimum an Streuung vorliegt.
Characterization of fluid mixing in a closed container under horizontal vibrations
Authors: Zhan Xiaobin , Sun Zhibin , He Yu , Shen Baojun , Shi Tielin , Li Xiwen
Published: December 2018

The mixing characteristics of two initially stratified miscible fluids in a closed container vibrated horizontally are studied numerically by a validated computational fluid dynamics model. The flow characteristics and interfacial dynamics in the closed vibrating container are analyzed, and the effects of vibration parameters and gravity on mixing efficiency are evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that interfacial instability occurs in the closed container, which leads to interfacial deformation and breakup and quickens mixing. Two distinct stages of the mixing process can be observed in the closed vibrating container. During the macro‐mixing, an increasingly sharp gradient of the concentration field is generated. During the micro‐mixing, the mixing process is dominated by the diffusion of the concentration field and ends up with a nearly homogeneous mixture. The intensification of mixing process by vibration is most pronounced in the absence of static gravity. The gravity can suppress the interfacial instability and retard the mixing process. Over the range of conditions investigated in this paper, vibration is an efficient approach for mixing miscible liquids in a closed container.
Alkaline‐ionic liquid slug injection for improved heavy oil recovery
Authors: Tunnish Ahmed , Shirif Ezeddin , Henni Amr
Published: December 2018

Chemical flooding has a great potential for improving the recovery factor of heavy oil, especially for reservoirs in which thermal techniques are not applicable. In this novel study, chemical flooding experiments of alkali and alkali + ionic liquid (AIL) mixtures were performed using unconsolidated sand packs. The aim was to investigate the effect on the recovery factor (RF) of combining an alkali, Na2CO3, and four different imidazolium‐based ionic liquids (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM][Ac], 1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride [EMIM][Cl], 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide [BMIM][Tf2N], and 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride [DMIM][Cl]). The obtained data show that as the ionic liquid concentration and slug size increase, the recovery factor (RF) was found to increase. The study also demonstrates that ionic liquids (ILs) are better in improving heavy oil than recovery than a well‐known surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). IFT measurements were performed for the Pelican oil used with brine and with [DMIM][Cl], and [EMIM][Ac]. The surface tension (SFT) and zeta potential (ZP) were also measured and correlated to the improvement in the RF. The study shows that in the presence of Na2CO3, the ionic liquid type, concentration, and slug size are important parameters in enhancing heavy oil recovery.
Early surveillance is associated with less incidence and severity of breast cancer–related lymphedema compared with a traditional referral model of care
Authors: Koelmeyer Louise A. , Borotkanics Robert J. , Alcorso Jessica , Prah Philip , Winch Caleb J. , Nakhel Kristine , Dean Catherine M. , Boyages John
Published: December 2018

Background

Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) has enabled the early identification of breast cancer‐related lymphedema. In this study, differences in health service metrics and in the incidence of breast cancer‐related lymphedema are evaluated in an early surveillance model of care compared with a traditional referral model of care.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis of data from 753 women who underwent BIS measures between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2016, 188 women were assigned to the “early surveillance” group if they began lymphedema monitoring presurgery (n = 121) or within 90 days postsurgery (n = 67), and 285 women were assigned to the “traditional referral” group if they began monitoring after 90 days postsurgery. Health service metrics were calculated as the time to the first BIS measure after 90 days postsurgery, the median follow‐up, and the number of health care visits. Lymphedema was diagnosed based on BIS measures.

Results

Women in the early surveillance group received lymphedema care significantly earlier than those in the traditional referral group. However, there was no difference in the number of visits per year to the clinic between groups. Significantly more women in the traditional referral group were diagnosed with clinical lymphedema (stage I‐III, 39 % vs 14%; P < .001) and with greater severity (stage II‐III, 24%) compared with those in the early surveillance group (4%).

Conclusions

The current findings support the adoption of an early prospective surveillance model of care using BIS for the early detection and management of breast cancer–related lymphedema.
Modification of Carbon Fibre Surfaces by Sulfur‐Fluoride Exchange Click Chemistry
Authors: Randall James D. , Eyckens Daniel J. , Stojcevski Filip , Francis Paul S. , Doeven Egan H. , Barlow Anders J. , Barrow Andrew S. , Arnold Chantelle L. , Moses John E. , Henderson Luke C.
Published: December 2018

The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Luke Henderson (Deakin University) and Prof. John E. Moses (La Trobe University). Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/cphc.201800789.
Self‐Assembly of Board‐Shaped Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Isoindigo Mesogens into Columnar π‐π Stacks
Authors: Taing Hi , Cassar Adam Michael , Ocheje Michael Udunyi , Rondeau‐Gagné Simon , El‐Assaad Tarek H. , Sharabati Christa A. , Kaafarani Bilal R. , Eichhorn S. Holger
Published: December 2018

Diketopyrrolopyrrole and isoindigo are commercially important dyes that have recently found broad application as electron acceptor and light‐absorbing groups in organic semiconductors. Their self‐assembly into specific supramolecular structures to control optoelectronic properties has been hampered by limited options for substitution and their high propensity for crystallization. Reported here is a molecular design that directs self‐assembly into previously elusive columnar mesophases of π‐π stacking cores. Although attachment of bis(trisoctyloxyphenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine groups to both ends of diketopyrrolopyrrole‐thiophene and isoindigo cores generated mesomorphic dyes of similar overall shapes and dimensions, distinct differences in their mesomorphism and optoelectronic properties were observed.
Exploiting the Ring Strain of Diphosphetanes: A Synthetic and Computational Approach towards 1,2,5‐Selenadiphospholanes
Authors: Coburger Peter , Aures Richard , Schulz Paulina , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: December 2018

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Evamarie Hey‐Hawkins from Leipzig University, Germany. The cover picture, designed by Dr. Christoph Selg, shows two pots on a crowded table planted with bulky tert‐butyl groups symbolizing the phosphorus atoms in the strained ring system of a carborane‐substituted 1,2‐diphosphetane. However, selenium can still be inserted into the P−P bond, as reported by Hey‐Hawkins et al. in their present publication, which combines experimental and computational studies. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201800391.
Chemiexcitation without the Peroxide Bond? Replacing Oxygen with other Heteroatoms
Authors: Fdez. Galván Ignacio , Gustafsson Hannes , Vacher Morgane
Published: December 2018

Chemiexcitation is the population of electronic excited states from the electronic ground state via radiationless non‐adiabatic transitions upon thermal activation. The subsequent emission of the excess of energy in the form of light is called chemiluminescence or bioluminescence when occurring in living organisms. Key intermediates in these reactions have been shown to contain a high‐energy (often cyclic) peroxide which decomposes. The simplest molecules, 1,2‐dioxetane and 1,2‐dioxetanone, have thus been used extensively both theoretically and experimentally as model systems to understand the underlying mechanisms of chemiexcitation. An outstanding question remains whether the peroxide bond is a necessity and whether equivalent processes could happen in other simple molecules not containing an O−O bond. In the present work, the decomposition reactions of four analogs of 1,2‐dioxetane not containing a peroxide bond, the 1,2‐oxazetidine anion, the 1,2‐diazetidine anion, (neutral) 1,2‐oxazetidine and 1,2‐dithietane, have been studied theoretically using ab initio multiconfigurational methods. In particular, the reaction energy barriers and spin‐orbit coupling strengths were calculated; the electronic degeneracy was studied and compared to the case of 1,2‐dioxetane to assess the potentiality of chemiexcitation in the analog molecules.
Long Wavelength Light Activated Prodrug Conjugates for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hou Yutong , Zhou Zhiguo , Huang Kai , Yang Hong , Han Gang
Published: December 2018

The front cover artwork is provided by groups of Hong Yang and Gang Han at the College of Chemistry and Materials Science at Shanghai Normal University (China) and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology at UMass Medical School (United States). The image shows a purple sphere transducer linked with a non‐active prodrug by photosensitive linkers. Upon irradiation with long‐wavelength light, the transducer converts the incident light to short wavelength emission to cleave the photocleavable linkers and trigger drug release. Read the full text of the Minireview, in which such developments in light‐activated prodrugs for biomedical application are reviewed, at10.1002/cptc.201800147.
Highly Efficient Hydrogen Production Using a Reformed Electrolysis System Driven by a Single Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Xiao Xin , Liu Shuangshuang , Huang Dekang , Lv Xiaowei , Li Man , Jiang Xingxing , Tao Leiming , Yu Zehui , Shao Yong , Wang Mingkui , Shen Yan
Published: December 2018

Efficient hydrogen production by a photovoltaic‐electrolysis cell (PV–EC) system requires a low electrolyzer overpotential and a high coupling efficiency between both the components. Herein, Ni5P4 is proposed as a cost‐effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and hydrazine oxidation in a reformed electrolyzer. Experiments indicate that the electrolytic overpotential could be significantly reduced by replacing the oxygen evolution reaction with the hydrazine oxidation reaction at the anode. Furthermore, a scenario for hydrogen production is demonstrated by utilizing a stable and low‐cost perovskite solar cell (PSC) with a carbon back electrode to drive a reformed electrolyzer. Importantly, a single PSC can drive three reformed electrolyzers in series for hydrogen production by carefully matching the operating point of the electrolyzer with the maximum power point of the photovoltaic device, thereby, yielding a H2 evolution rate of 1.77 mg h−1 for the whole PV–EC system. This can be a potential starting point for hydrogen production using a single PSC‐driven electrolysis system.
Eating pathology and associations with long‐term changes in weight and quality of life in the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery study
Authors: Devlin Michael J. , King Wendy C. , Kalarchian Melissa A. , Hinerman Amanda , Marcus Marsha D. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Mitchell James E.
Published: December 2018

Objective

This study examines the course of eating pathology and its associations with change in weight and health‐related quality of life following bariatric surgery.

Method

Participants (N = 184) completed the eating disorder examination‐bariatric surgery version (EDE‐BSV) and the medical outcomes study 36‐Item short form health survey (SF‐36) prior to and annually following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) for up to 7 years.

Results

The prevalence of ≥ weekly loss of control (LOC) eating, picking/nibbling, and cravings declined post‐RYGB and remained lower through 7 years (LOC: 5.4% at Year‐7 vs. 16.2% pre‐RYGB, p = .03; picking/nibbling: 7.0% vs. 32.4%, p < .001; and cravings: 19.4% vs. 33.6%, p = .02). The prevalence of picking/nibbling was significantly lower 7 years following LAGB vs. pre‐LAGB (29.4% vs 45.8%, p = .049), while cravings (p = .13) and LOC eating (p = .95) were not. EDE‐BSV global score and ratings of hunger and enjoyment of eating were lower 7 years following both RYGB and LAGB versus pre‐surgery (p's for all <.05). LOC eating following RYGB was associated with less long‐term weight loss from surgery (p < .01) and greater weight regain from weight nadir (p < .001). Higher post‐surgery EDE‐BSV global score was associated with less weight loss/greater regain (both p < .001) and worsening/less improvement from surgery in the SF‐36 mental component summary scores (p < .01).

Discussion

Initial improvements in eating pathology following RYGB and LAGB were sustained across 7 years of follow‐up. Individuals with eating pathology post‐RYGB, reflected by LOC eating and/or higher EDE‐BSV global score, may be at risk for suboptimal long‐term outcomes.
Effects of sacubitril/valsartan on neprilysin targets and the metabolism of natriuretic peptides in chronic heart failure: a mechanistic clinical study
Authors: Nougué Hélène , Pezel Théo , Picard François , Sadoune Malha , Arrigo Mattia , Beauvais Florence , Launay Jean‐Marie , Cohen‐Solal Alain , Vodovar Nicolas , Logeart Damien
Published: December 2018

Aim

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on neprilysin (NEP), and the metabolism of natriuretic peptides in heart failure (HF) and providing additional mechanistic information on the mode of action of the drug.

Methods and results

We enrolled 73 chronic HF patients who were switched from angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker to sacubitril/valsartan. In addition to clinical and echocardiographic assessment, plasma biomarkers were measured at baseline, day 30 and day 90 after initiation of treatment. Sacubitril/valsartan led to decrease in New York Heart Association class and improvement of echocardiographic parameters, as well as a dose‐dependent decrease in soluble NEP (sNEP) activity, while sNEP concentration remained unchanged. Neprilysin inhibition translated into an increase in its substrates such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), substance P, and glucagon‐like peptide 1, the latter translating into a decrease in fructosamine. Cardiac troponin and soluble ST2 levels, biomarkers of HF severity unrelated to NEP metabolism also decreased. While there was a ∼4‐fold increase in ANP, we observed no change in plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and plasma BNP activity, and a mild decrease in N‐terminal proBNP (NT‐proBNP) concentrations. Finally, we found a progressive increase in the relationship between BNP and NT‐proBNP, which strongly correlated with an increase in T71 proBNP glycosylation (R2 = 0.94).

Conclusion

Sacubitril/valsartan rapidly and strongly reduced sNEP activity, leading to an increase in levels of NEP substrates. These data suggest a pleiotropic favourable impact of sacubitril/valsartan on the metabolism of HF patients with ANP rather than BNP as major effectors amongst natriuretic peptides.
Borinic Acid Mediated Hydrosilylations: Reductions of Carbonyl Derivatives
Authors: Chardon Aurélien , Rouden Jacques , Blanchet Jérôme
Published: December 2018

4‐Fluoro‐2‐chlorophenylborinic acid acts as a precatalyst in the presence of phenylsilane for the facile reduction of ketones, aldehydes and imines. Notably, synergistic mediation of a tertiary amine was found essential to trigger silicon to boron hydride transfer to generate a key amine–diarylhydroborane Lewis complex.
Utility of first positron emission tomography‐computed tomography scan as a prognostic tool following treatment of sinonasal and skull base malignancies
Authors: Abu‐Ghanem Sara , Yafit Daniel , Ghanayem Mohamad , Abergel Avraham , Yehuda Moshe , Fliss Dan M.
Published: December 2018

Background

The prognostic value of the first posttreatment whole body integrated positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning in patients with sinonasal/skull base malignancies is undetermined.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of all patients that underwent surgery for sinonasal/skull base malignancies in 2000‐2015. The results of the pretreatment and posttreatment PET/CT findings and the clinical course were retrieved.

Results

Thirty‐eight patients (average age 60.6 years, 20 males) were included. Sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the first PET/CT scan for predicting persistent/recurrent disease were 85.7%, 87.5%, 80%, and 91.3%, respectively. Overall 5‐year survival was significantly lower in the first posttreatment PET/CT‐positive group (35%) compared to the PET/CT‐negative group (93%) (P = .0008).

Conclusion

Posttreatment PET/CT findings are highly prognostic in patients with sinonasal/skull base malignancies. Negative findings on the first posttreatment PET/CT scan predict a significantly better overall survival.
Second infield re‐irradiation with a resulting cumulative equivalent dose (EQD2max) of >180 Gy for patients with recurrent head and neck cancer
Authors: von der Grün Jens , Köhn Janett , Loutfi‐Krauss Britta , Blanck Oliver , Rödel Claus , Balermpas Panagiotis
Published: December 2018

Background

For locally recurrent head and neck cancer, re‐irradiation with modern techniques like stereotactic body radiotherapy is a promising, possibly curative alternative to palliative systemic therapy.

Methods

We report on 1 patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 1 patient with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Both patients received full dose primary treatment (>66 Gy, EQD2), full dose re‐irradiation (>50 Gy, EQD2), and a second course of re‐irradiation via robotic radiosurgery (CyberKnife) for a second local recurrence.

Results

Both treatments resulted in adequate tumor response. No grade III‐IV acute or late toxicities occurred. Follow‐up at 6 months after third irradiation showed partial remission for the patient with NPC. In the second case (SCC), no toxicities occurred and the tumor was in remission 18 months after last treatment.

Conclusion

These cases show that a second course of re‐irradiation utilizing modern techniques like robotic radiosurgery might be feasible for carefully selected patients with head and neck cancer.
Citrus fruit intake and gastric cancer: The stomach cancer pooling (StoP) project consortium
Authors: Bertuccio Paola , Alicandro Gianfranco , Rota Matteo , Pelucchi Claudio , Bonzi Rossella , Galeone Carlotta , Bravi Francesca , Johnson Kenneth C. , Hu Jinfu , Palli Domenico , Ferraroni Monica , López‐Carrillo Lizbeth , Lunet Nuno , Ferro Ana , Malekzadeh Reza , Zaridze David , Maximovitch Dmitry , Vioque Jesus , Navarrete‐Munoz Eva M. , Pakseresht Mohammadreza , Hernández‐Ramírez Raúl U. , López‐Cervantes Malaquias , Ward Mary , Pourfarzi Farhad , Tsugane Shoichiro , Hidaka Akihisa , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Kurtz Robert C. , Lagiou Pagona , Lagiou Areti , Boffetta Paolo , Boccia Stefania , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo
Published: December 2018

Diets rich in vegetables and fruit have been associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer, and there is suggestive evidence that citrus fruits have a protective role. Our study aimed at evaluating and quantifying the association between citrus fruit intake and gastric cancer risk. We conducted a one‐stage pooled analysis including 6,340 cases and 14,490 controls from 15 case–control studies from the stomach cancer pooling (StoP) project consortium. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gastric cancer across study‐specific tertiles of citrus fruit intake (grams/week) were estimated by generalized linear mixed effect models, with logistic link function and random intercept for each study. The models were adjusted for sex, age, and the main recognized risk factors for gastric cancer. Compared to the first third of the distribution, the adjusted pooled OR (95% CI) for the highest third was 0.80 (0.73–0.87). The favourable effect of citrus fruits increased progressively until three servings/week and leveled off thereafter. The magnitude of the association was similar between cancer sub‐sites and histotypes. The analysis by geographic area showed no association in studies from the Americas. Our data confirm an inverse association between citrus fruits and gastric cancer and provide precise estimates of the magnitude of the association. However, the null association found in studies from America and in some previous cohort studies prevent to draw definite conclusions on a protective effect of citrus fruit consumption.
Mediation of associations between adiposity and colorectal cancer risk by inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers
Authors: Petimar Joshua , Tabung Fred K. , Valeri Linda , Rosner Bernard , Chan Andrew T. , Smith‐Warner Stephanie A. , Giovannucci Edward L.
Published: December 2018

Inflammation and hyperinsulinemia may drive associations between adiposity and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but few studies have examined this hypothesis using mediation analysis. We used inverse odds ratio weighting and logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for estimated total effects (ORTE) of body mass index, waist circumference, and adult weight gain on CRC risk, and estimated effects operating through seven inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers (natural indirect effect; ORNIE) or through paths independent of these biomarkers (natural direct effect; ORNDE) among 209 CRC cases and 382 matched controls nested within the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study, a prospective cohort of male health professionals. A one‐interquartile range (IQR) increase in body mass index (3.6 kg/m2) was associated with an ORTE of 1.40 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.73), which decomposed into an ORNIE of 1.26 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.52) and an ORNDE of 1.11 (0.87, 1.42), with possibly stronger mediation by these biomarkers for adult weight gain (IQR = 10.4 kg; ORTE = 1.32 [95% CI: 1.06, 1.64]; ORNIE = 1.47 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.81]; ORNDE = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.72, 1.11]), but no mediation for waist circumference. Mediation appeared to be stronger for the metabolic biomarkers than the inflammatory biomarkers. Inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms may mediate associations between both body mass index and adult weight gain with CRC risk.