bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-capacity data hiding for medical images based on the mask-RCNN model
Authors: Saidi Hadjer , Tibermacine Okba , Elhadad Ahmed
Published: March 2024

This study introduces a novel approach for integrating sensitive patient information within medical images with minimal impact on their diagnostic quality. Utilizing the mask region-based convolutional neural network for identifying regions of minimal medical significance, the method embeds information using discrete cosine transform-based steganography. The focus is on embedding within “insignificant areas”, determined by deep learning models, to ensure image quality and confidentiality are maintained. The methodology comprises three main steps: neural network training for area identification, an embedding process for data concealment, and an extraction process for retrieving embedded information. Experimental evaluations on the CHAOS dataset demonstrate the method’s effectiveness, with the model achieving an average intersection over union score of 0.9146, indicating accurate segmentation. Imperceptibility metrics, including peak signal-to-noise ratio, were employed to assess the quality of stego images, with results showing high capacity embedding with minimal distortion. Furthermore, the embedding capacity and payload analysis reveal the method’s high capacity for data concealment. The proposed method outperforms existing techniques by offering superior image quality, as evidenced by higher peak signal-to-noise ratio values, and efficient concealment capacity, making it a promising solution for secure medical image handling.
Analyzing fine scaling quantum effects on the buckling of axially-loaded carbon nanotubes based on the density functional theory and molecular mechanics method
Authors: Mirnezhad M. , Ansari R. , Falahatgar S. R. , Aghdasi P.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the quantum effects of fine scaling on the buckling behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under axial loading are investigated. Molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics are respectively utilized to study the buckling behavior and to obtain the molecular mechanics coefficients of fine-scale nanotubes. The results of buckling behavior of CNTs with different chiralities with finite and infinite dimensions are given, and a comparison study is presented on them. The differences between finite and infinite nanotubes reflect the quantum effects of fine scaling on the buckling behavior. In addition, the results show that the dimensional changes highly affect the mechanical properties and the buckling behavior of CNTs to certain dimensions. Moreover, dimensional changes have a significant effect on the critical buckling strain. Beside, in addition to the structure dimensions, the arrangement of structural and boundary atoms have a major influence on the buckling behavior.
Quantum scissor from exact generalized photon number statistics
Authors: Batin Abdul Q , Ghosh Suranjana , Panigrahi Prasanta K. , Roy Utpal
Published: March 2024

We report the close form expressions of the photon number statistics for a generalized coherent state and a generalized photon-added coherent state, which are shown to be crucial for proposing a variety of quantum scissor operations. The analytically obtained distributions are also capable of predicting the precise laser intensity windows for realizing a variety of quantum scissors. Truncating a photon added state overcomes the selection rule of obtaining the lower order Fock states. Photon addition also enables us to obtain a higher order Fock state in a lower order superposition. The importance of circular geometry is also demonstrated for engineering such quantum scissors.
Biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol-glycerol-itaconate-sebacate) copolyester elastomer with significantly reinforced mechanical properties by in-situ construction of bacterial cellulose interpenetrating network
Authors: Tang Lisheng , Jin Yuanyuan , He Xiaoyan , Huang Ran
Published: March 2024

To address the concern that biodegradable elastomers are environmental-friendly but usually associated with poor properties for practical utilization, we report a star-crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol-glycerol-itaconate-sebacate) (PEGIS) elastomer synthesized by esterification, polycondensation and UV curing, and reinforced by bacterial cellulose (BC). The interpenetrating network of primary BC backbone and vulcanized elastomer is achieved by the “in-situ secondary network construction” strategy. With the well dispersion of BC without agglomeration, the mechanical properties of PEGIS are significantly enhanced in tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break. The reinforcement strategy is demonstrated to be efficient and offers a route to the development of biodegradable elastomers for a variety of applications in the future.
Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography findings in optic nerve hypoplasia and their relationships with visual acuity
Authors: Kang Min Chae , Park Kyung-Ah , Oh Sei Yeul
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to quantitatively assess the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, as well as the microvascular alterations in the macula and peripapillary regions, in optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) patients compared to normal controls. This was achieved through the utilization of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), with a specific focus on elucidating the association between these structural alterations and visual acuity. We included a total of 17 eyes of 12 ONH patients, and 34 eyes of age-matched 34 healthy controls. The pRNFL thickness was quantified using SD-OCT, while OCTA facilitated the visualization and measurement of the microvascular structure images of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SRCP), deep retinal capillary plexus (DRCP), and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) segment in the macula and peripapillary area. pRNFL thickness was measured for eight sectors (superior, temporal, inferior, nasal, superotemporal, superonasal, inferotemporal, and inferonasal). SRCP, DRCP, and RPC were measured for four sectors (superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal). Age, gender, and spherical equivalent refractive errors were statistically adjusted for the analysis. Associations of structural parameters with visual acuity in ONH patients were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. pRNFL thickness was significantly thinner in ONH patients than in controls for all sectors. Vessel densities of temporal and nasal sectors in DRCP were significantly higher in ONH patients, but vessel densities of the inferior sector in RPC were significantly lower than those in controls. For all sectors, pRNFL thickness was strongly associated with visual acuity in ONH patients. ONH patients showed significant pRNFL thinning and microvascular alterations compared to controls, and pRNFL thickness was strongly associated with visual function. OCT and OCTA are useful tools for evaluating optic disc hypoplasia and its functional status.
Transient expression of anti-HrpE scFv antibody reduces the hypersensitive response in non-host plant against bacterial phytopathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri
Authors: Raeisi Hamideh , Safarnejad Mohammad Reza , Alavi Seyed Mehdi , de Oliveira Andrade Maxuel , Farrokhi Naser , Elahinia Seyed Ali
Published: March 2024

Citrus canker is a bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) that affects the citrus industry worldwide. Hrp pili subunits (HrpE), an essential component of Type III secretion system (T3SS) bacteria, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Xcc by transporting effector proteins into the host cell and causing canker symptoms. Therefore, development of antibodies that block HrpE can suppress disease progression. In this study, a specific scFv detecting HrpE was developed using phage display technique and characterized using sequencing, ELISA, Western blotting, and molecular docking. In addition, a plant expression vector of pCAMBIA-scFvH6 was constructed and agroinfiltrated into Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samson leaves. The hypersensitive response (HR) in the leaves of transformed and non-transformed plants was evaluated by inoculating leaves with Xcc. After three rounds of biopanning of the phage library, a specific human scFv antibody, named scFvH6, was identified that showed high binding activity against HrpE in ELISA and Western blotting. Molecular docking results showed that five intermolecular hydrogen bonds are involved in HrpE-scFvH6 interaction, confirming the specificity and high binding activity of scFvH6. Successful transient expression of pCAMBIA-scFvH6 in tobacco leaves was verified using immunoassay tests. The binding activity of plant-produced scFvH6 to detect HrpE in Western blotting and ELISA was similar to that of bacterial-produced scFvH6 antibody. Interestingly, tobacco plants expressing scFvH6 showed a remarkable reduction in HR induced by Xcc compared with control plants, so that incidence of necrotic lesions was significantly higher in non-transformed controls (≥ 1.5 lesions/cm2) than in the plants producing scFvH6 (≤ 0.5 lesions/cm2) after infiltration with Xcc inoculum. Our results revealed that the expression of scFvH6 in tobacco leaves can confer resistance to Xcc, indicating that this approach could be considered to provide resistance to citrus bacterial canker disease.
Investigating double-diffusive natural convection in a sloped dual-layered homogenous porous-fluid square cavity
Authors: Jalili Bahram , Emad Majdeddin , Malekshah Emad Hasani , Jalili Payam , Akgül Ali , Hassani Murad Khan
Published: March 2024

This article investigates natural convection with double-diffusive properties numerically in a vertical bi-layered square enclosure. The cavity has two parts: one part is an isotropic and homogeneous porous along the wall, and an adjacent part is an aqueous fluid. Adiabatic, impermeable horizontal walls and constant and uniform temperatures and concentrations on other walls are maintained. To solve the governing equations, the finite element method (FEM) employed and predicted results shows the impact of typical elements of convection on double diffusion, namely the porosity thickness, cavity rotation angle, and thermal conductivity ratio. Different Darcy and Rayleigh numbers effects on heat transfer conditions were investigated, and the Nusselt number in the border of two layers was obtained. The expected results, presented as temperature field (isothermal lines) and velocity behavior in X and Y directions, show the different effects of the aforementioned parameters on double diffusion convective heat transfer. Also results show that with the increase in the thickness of the porous layer, the Nusselt number decreases, but at a thickness higher than 0.8, we will see an increase in the Nusselt number. Increasing the thermal conductivity ratio in values less than one leads to a decrease in the average Nusselt number, and by increasing that parameter from 1 to 10, the Nusselt values increase. A higher rotational angle of the cavity reduces the thermosolutal convective heat transfer, and increasing the Rayleigh and Darcy numbers, increases Nusselt. These results confirm that the findings obtained from the Finite Element Method (FEM), which is the main idea of this research, are in good agreement with previous studies that have been done with other numerical methods.
Correlation analysis of disulfidptosis-related gene signatures with clinical prognosis and immunotherapy response in sarcoma
Authors: Xu Juan , Guo Kangwen , Sheng Xiaoan , Huang Yuting , Wang Xuewei , Dong Juanjuan , Qin Haotian , Wang Chao
Published: March 2024

Disulfidptosis, a newly discovered type of programmed cell death, could be a mechanism of cell death controlled by SLC7A11. This could be closely associated with tumor development and advancement. Nevertheless, the biological mechanism behind disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in sarcoma (SARC) is uncertain. This study identified three valuable genes (SLC7A11, RPN1, GYS1) associated with disulfidptosis in sarcoma (SARC) and developed a prognostic model. The multiple databases and RT-qPCR data confirmed the upregulated expression of prognostic DRGs in SARC. The TCGA internal and ICGC external validation cohorts were utilized to validate the predictive model capacity. Our analysis of DRG riskscores revealed that the low-risk group exhibited a more favorable prognosis than the high-risk group. Furthermore, we observed a significant association between DRG riskscores and different clinical features, immune cell infiltration, immune therapeutic sensitivity, drug sensitivity, and RNA modification regulators. In addition, two external independent immunetherapy datasets and clinical tissue samples were collected, validating the value of the DRGs risk model in predicting immunotherapy response. Finally, the SLC7A11/hsa-miR-29c-3p/LINC00511, and RPN1/hsa-miR-143-3p/LINC00511 regulatory axes were constructed. This study provided DRG riskscore signatures to predict prognosis and response to immunotherapy in SARC, guiding personalized treatment decisions.
Direct additive-free N-formylation and N-acylation of anilines and synthesis of urea derivatives using green, efficient, and reusable deep eutectic solvent ([ChCl][ZnCl2]2)
Authors: Abbasi Fatemeh , Sardarian Ali Reza
Published: March 2024

In the current report, we introduce a simple, mild efficient and green protocol for N-formylation and N-acetylation of anilines using formamide, formic acid, and acetic acid as inexpensive, nontoxic, and easily available starting materials just with heating along stirring in [ChCl][ZnCl2]2 as a durable, reusable deep eutectic solvent (DES), which acts as a dual catalyst and solvent system to produce a wide range of formanilides and acetanilides. Also, a variety of unsymmetrical urea derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of phenyl isocyanate with a range of amine compounds using this benign DES in high to excellent yields. [ChCl][ZnCl2]2 showed good recycling and reusability up to four runs without considerable loss of its catalytic activity.
Evaluation of the deliverability of dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) by gantry wobble and its influence on dose
Authors: Kim Changhwan , Kim Hojae , Jung Dongmin , Kim Heesoo , Park Yeonok , Han Min Cheol , Hong Chae-Seon , Kim Hojin , Lee Ho , Sung Jinsil , Kim Dong Wook , Kim Jin Sung
Published: March 2024

We aimed to investigate the deliverability of dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) by gantry wobble owing to the intrinsic inter-segment break of the Elekta linear accelerator (LINAC) and its adverse influence on the dose to the patient. The deliverability of DCAT was evaluated according to the plan parameters, which affect the gantry rotation speed and resultant positional inaccuracies; the deliverability according to the number of control points and dose rates was investigated by using treatment machine log files and dosimetry devices, respectively. A non-negligible degradation in DCAT deliverability due to gantry wobble was observed in both the treatment machine log files and dosimetry devices. The resulting dose-delivery error occurred below a certain number of control points or above a certain dose rate. Dose simulations in the patient domain showed a similar impact on deteriorated deliverability. For targets located primarily in the isocenter, the dose differences were negligible, whereas for organs at risk located mainly off-isocenter, the dose differences were significant up to − 8.77%. To ensure safe and accurate radiotherapy, optimal plan parameters should be selected, and gantry angle-specific validations should be conducted before treatment.
Lusca: FIJI (ImageJ) based tool for automated morphological analysis of cellular and subcellular structures
Authors: Šimunić Iva , Jagečić Denis , Isaković Jasmina , Dobrivojević Radmilović Marina , Mitrečić Dinko
Published: March 2024

The human body consists of diverse subcellular, cellular and supracellular structures. Neurons possess varying-sized projections that interact with different cellular structures leading to the development of highly complex morphologies. Aiming to enhance image analysis of complex biological forms including neurons using available FIJI (ImageJ) plugins, Lusca, an advanced open-source tool, was developed. Lusca utilizes machine learning for image segmentation with intensity and size thresholds. It performs particle analysis to ascertain parameters such as area/volume, quantity, and intensity, in addition to skeletonization for determining length, branching, and width. Moreover, in conjunction with colocalization measurements, it provides an extensive set of 29 morphometric parameters for both 2D and 3D analysis. This is a significant enhancement compared to other scripts that offer only 5–15 parameters. Consequently, it ensures quicker and more precise quantification by effectively eliminating noise and discerning subtle details. With three times larger execution speed, fewer false positive and negative results, and the capacity to measure various parameters, Lusca surpasses other existing open-source solutions. Its implementation of machine learning-based segmentation facilitates versatile applications for different cell types and biological structures, including mitochondria, fibres, and vessels. Lusca’s automated and precise measurement capability makes it an ideal choice for diverse biological image analyses.
Potential toxicity of graphene (oxide) quantum dots via directly covering the active site of anterior gradient homolog 2 protein
Authors: Luo Yuqi , Gu Zonglin , Chen Hailiang , Huang Yaoxing
Published: March 2024

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted significant attention in biomedicine, while extensive investigations have revealed a reverse regarding the potential biotoxicity of GQDs. In order to supplementing the understanding of the toxicity profile of GQDs, this study employs a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach to systematically investigate the potential toxicity of both GQDs and Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots (GOQDs) on the Anterior Gradient Homolog 2 (AGR2) protein, a key protein capable of protecting the intestine. We construct two typical simulation systems, in which an AGR2 protein is encircled by either GQDs or GOQDs. The MD results demonstrate that both GQDs and GOQDs can directly make contact with and even cover the active site (specifically, the Cys81 amino acid) of the AGR2 protein. This suggests that GQDs and GOQDs have the capability to inhibit or interfere with the normal biological interaction of the AGR2 active site with its target protein. Thus, GQDs and GOQDs exhibit potential detrimental effects on the AGR2 protein. Detailed analyses reveal that GQDs adhere to the Cys81 residue due to van der Waals (vdW) interaction forces, whereas GOQDs attach to the Cys81 residue through a combination of vdW (primary) and Coulomb (secondary) interactions. Furthermore, GQDs aggregation typically adsorb onto the AGR2 active site, while GOQDs adsorb to the active site of AGR2 one by one. Consequently, these findings shed new light on the potential adverse impact of GQDs and GOQDs on the AGR2 protein via directly covering the active site of AGR2, providing valuable molecular insights for the toxicity profile of GQD nanomaterials.
LEAP model-based analysis to low-carbon transformation path in the power sector: a case study of Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area
Authors: Xu Mengke , Liao Cuiping , Huang Ying , Gao Xiaoquan , Dong Genglin , Liu Zhen
Published: March 2024

As a major carbon emitter, the power sector plays a crucial role in realizing the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This study constructed a low-carbon power system based on the LEAP model (LEAP-GBA) with 2020 as a statistic base aiming of exploring the low-carbon transformation pathway of the power sector in the Guangdong–Hong Kong, and Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Five scenarios are set up to simulate the demand, power generation structure, carbon emissions, and power generation costs in the power sector under different scenarios. The results indicate that total electricity demand will peak after 2050, with 80% of it coming from industry, buildings and residential use. To achieve net-zero emissions from the power sector in the GBA, a future power generation mix dominated by nuclear and renewable energy generation and supplemented by fossil energy generation equipped with CCUS technologies. BECCS technology and nuclear power are the key to realize zero carbon emissions from the power sector in the GBA, so it should be the first to promote BECCS technology testing and commercial application, improve the deployment of nuclear power sites, and push forward the construction of nuclear power and technology improvement in the next 40 years.
Bioenergetic impairment in Gulf War illness assessed via 31P-MRS
Authors: Golomb Beatrice Alexandra , Han Jun Hee , Fung Alexander , Berg Brinton Keith , Miller Bruce J. , Hamilton Gavin
Published: March 2024

Time for post-exercise phosphocreatine-recovery (PCr-R), deemed a robust index of mitochondrial function in vivo, was previously reported to be elevated (signifying impaired ATP production) in veterans with Gulf War illness (GWI). Here we sought to replicate the finding and assess the impact of contravening previous eligibility requirements. The replication sample comprised white males. Cases reported ≥ moderate muscle-weakness to match the organ assessed to an organ affected; controls lacked recent headache or multiple symptoms. The expansion sample added cases without muscle-weakness, controls with recent headache, females, nonwhites. PCr-R, following pedal-depression-exercise, was compared in veterans with GWI versus controls (sample N = 38). In the replication sample, PCr-R results closely matched the prior report: PCr-R veterans with GWI mean(SD) = 47.7(16.5); control mean(SD) = 30.3(9.2), p = 0.017. (Prior-study PCr-R veterans with GWI mean(SD) = 46.1(17.9), control mean(SD) = 29.0(8.7), p = 0.023. Combined replication + prior samples: p = 0.001.) No case–control difference was observed in the expansion sample. In cases, PCr-R related to muscle-weakness: PCr-R = 29.9(7.1), 38.2(8.9), 47.8(15.2) for muscle-weakness rated none/low, intermediate, and high respectively (p for trend = 0.02), validating desirability of matching tissue assessed to tissue affected. In controls, headache/multiple symptoms, sex, and ethnicity each mattered (affecting PCr-R significantly). This study affirms mitochondrial/bioenergetic impairment in veterans with GWI. The importance of careful case/control selection is underscored.
Effects of different temperatures on Leiocassis longirostris gill structure and intestinal microbial composition
Authors: Zhao Zhongmeng , Zhao Han , Wang Xiongyan , Zhang Lu , Mou Chengyan , Huang Zhipeng , Ke Hongyu , Duan Yuanliang , Zhou Jian , Li Qiang
Published: March 2024

Fish are poikilothermic vertebrates and their physiological activities are affected by water temperature. In recent years, extreme weather has occurred frequently, and temperature changes have adversely affected the growth of farmed fish. To explore the changes in gill tissue structure caused by changing the water temperature and the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the Leiocassis longirostris host adaptation mechanism, gill tissue sections and intestinal microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were conducted under different temperature stress (low temperature 4 °C, normal temperature 26 °C and high temperature 32 °C). The results showed that heat stress and cold stress caused injury and swelling, terminal congestion, cell vacuolation, and necrosis of the gill tissue of L. longirostris. For intestinal microbiota, the abundances of Pseudomonadota and Bacillota increased at the cold stress, while the abundances of Fusobacteriota and Bacteroidota increased at the heat stress. The number of opportunistic bacteria, mainly Aeromonas and Acinetobacter, was the highest under cold stress. In addition, the richness of the intestinal microbiota decreased significantly at heat and cold stresses, while evenness increased. Prediction of intestinal microbiota function showed that most common functions, such as metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, energy metabolism and replication and repair, were decreased significantly at heat stress and cold stress, and phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed significant differences among the groups. In conclusion, the change of temperature altered the gill tissue structure, and affected the structure and homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota, thus affecting the survival time of L. longirostris, and cold stress had a greater effect than heat stress.
An in vitro assessment of the residual dentin after using three minimally invasive caries removal techniques
Authors: Al-Sagheer Rand Mohammed , Addie Ali J. , Al-Taee Lamis A.
Published: March 2024

To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of three minimally invasive (MI) techniques in removing deep dentin carious lesions. Forty extracted carious molars were treated by conventional rotary excavation (control), chemomechanical caries removal agent (Brix 3000), ultrasonic abrasion (WOODPECKER, GUILIN, China); and Er, Cr: YSGG laser ablation (BIOLASE San Clemente, CA, USA). The assessments include; the excavation time, DIAGNOdent pen, Raman spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness, and scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). The rotary method recorded the shortest excavation time (p < 0.001), Brix 3000 gel was the slowest. DIAGNOdent pen values ranged between 14 and 18 in the remaining dentin and laser-ablated surfaces recorded the lowest reading (p < 0.001). The Ca:P ratios of the remaining dentin were close to sound dentin after all excavation methods; however, it was higher in the ultrasonic technique (p < 0.05). The bur-excavated dentin showed higher phosphate and lower matrix contents with higher tissue hardness that was comparable to sound dentin indicating the non-selectiveness of this technique in removing the potentially repairable dentin tissue. In contrast, the MI techniques exhibited lower phosphate and higher organic contents associated with lower microhardness in the deeper dentin layers. This was associated with smooth residual dentin without smearing and patent dentinal tubules. This study supports the efficiency of using MI methods in caries removal as conservative alternatives to rotary excavation, providing a promising strategy for the clinical dental practice.
Cardiometabolic profiles and proteomics associated with obesity phenotypes in a longitudinal cohort of young adults
Authors: Liao Jiawen , Goodrich Jesse A. , Chen Wu , Qiu Chenyu , Chen Jiawen Carmen , Costello Elizabeth , Alderete Tanya L. , Chatzi Lida , Gilliland Frank , Chen Zhanghua
Published: March 2024

To assess cardiometabolic profiles and proteomics to identify biomarkers associated with the metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. Young adults (N = 156) enrolled were classified as not having obesity, metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) based on NCEP ATP-III criteria. Plasma proteomics at study entry were measured using Olink Cardiometabolic Explore panel. Linear regression was used to assess associations between proteomics and obesity groups as well as cardiometabolic traits of glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles at baseline and follow-up visits. Enriched biological pathways were further identified based on the significant proteomic features. Among the baseline 95 (61%) and 61 (39%) participants classified as not having obesity and having obesity (8 MHO and 53 MUHO), respectively. Eighty of the participants were followed-up with an average 4.6 years. Forty-one proteins were associated with obesity (FDR < 0.05), 29 of which had strong associations with insulin-related traits and lipid profiles (FDR < 0.05). Inflammation, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling and endoplasmic reticulum lumen functions were enriched by 40 proteins. In this study population, obesity and MHO were associated with insulin resistance and dysregulated lipid profiles. The underlying mechanism included elevated inflammation and deteriorated extracellular matrix remodeling function.
Dietary tryptophan intervention counteracts stress-induced transcriptional changes in a teleost fish HPI axis during inflammation
Authors: Peixoto Diogo , Carvalho Inês , Machado Marina , Aragão Cláudia , Costas Benjamín , Azeredo Rita
Published: March 2024

Immune nutrition is currently used to enhance fish health by incorporating functional ingredients into aquafeeds. This study aimed to investigate the connections between tryptophan nutrition and the network that regulates the communication pathways between neuroendocrine and immune systems in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). When tryptophan was supplemented in the diet of unstressed fish, it induced changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis response to stress. Tryptophan-mediated effects were observed in the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoid receptors. Tryptophan supplementation decreased pro-opiomelanocortin b-like levels, that are related with adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion. When stressed fish fed a tryptophan-supplemented diet were subjected to an inflammatory stimulus, plasma cortisol levels decreased and the expression of genes involved in the neuroendocrine response was altered. Modulatory effects of tryptophan dietary intervention on molecular patterns seem to be mediated by altered patterns in serotonergic activity.
Optical phase-truncation-based double-image encryption using equal modulus decomposition and random masks
Authors: Luan Guangyu , Quan Chenggen
Published: March 2024

This work reports an optical double-image crosstalk free encryption scheme that employs equal modulus decomposition and random masks. For the encryption, two plaintexts by a random amplitude mask and a random phase mask have been encrypted into a single ciphertext mask and two private key masks. Owing to the two random masks introduced, the functional relation between the plaintext pair and the ciphertext indirectly cause the paucity of constraints employed for the specific attack. Unlike the traditional phase-truncation-based techniques, this scheme is immune to the information leakage and different types of attacks. Furthermore, the three different diffraction distances and the illuminating wavelength also function as four additional keys to significantly reinforce the security. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposal.
Evaluation of farmers friendly IPM modules for the management of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) in maize in the hot semiarid region of India
Authors: Rajashekhar Mandla , Rajashekar Banda , Reddy Thalla Prabhakar , Manikyanahalli Chandrashekara Keerthi , Vanisree Kalisetti , Ramakrishna Kommagoni , Sunitha Vanam , Shaila Ongolu , Sathyanarayana Eetela , Shahanaz  , Reddy Somireddy Srinivasa , Shankar Adhi , Jahan Afifa , Kumar Padala Vinod , Reddy Maligi Jagan Mohan
Published: March 2024

Invasive alien species (IAS) pose a severe threat to global agriculture, with their impact projected to escalate due to climate change and expanding international trade. The fall armyworm (FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith), a native of the Americas, has rapidly spread across various continents, causing significant damage to several food crops, especially maize. Integrated pest management (IPM) programs are vital for sustainable FAW control, combining multiple strategies for sustainable results. Over three consecutive years, 2019–20, 2020–21 and 2021–22, the field demonstrations were conducted in semiarid regions of India, testing a four-component IPM approach viz., pheromone traps, microbial, botanicals and ETL based applications of insecticides against farmers' practices (sole insecticide application). IPM implementation led to substantial reductions in FAW infestation. Furthermore, egg mass and larvae infestations were significantly lower in IPM-adopted villages compared to conventional practices. Pheromone-based monitoring demonstrated a consistent reduction in adult moth populations. The lowest technology gap (10.42), extension gap (8.33) and technology index (12.25) was recorded during 2020–21. The adoption of IPM led to increased maize yields (17.49, 12.62 and 24.87% over control), higher net returns (919, 906.20 and 992.93 USD), and favourable benefit–cost ratios (2.74, 2.39 and 2.33) compared to conventional practices respectively during 2019–20, 2020–21 and 2021–22. The economic viability of IPM strategies was evident across three consecutive years, confirming their potential for sustainable FAW management in the semiarid region of India. These strategies hold promise for adoption in other parts of the world sharing similar climatic conditions.
Influence of malting procedure on the isoflavonoid content of soybeans
Authors: Gasiński Alan , Mikulski Dawid , Kłosowski Grzegorz , Kawa-Rygielska Joanna
Published: March 2024

The goal of this study was to analyse, whether malting technique (consisting of seed hydration, germination and drying) can be used to modify concentration of various isoflavonoids in soybean seeds. Seeds of three soybean varieties were germinated by different lengths of time (from 24 to 120 h) and dried by two different methods, typically used to produce so-called ‘light’ and ‘caramel’ malts. It was determined, that malting decreases concentration of 7-O-β-D-glucosides such as daidzin, genisitin and glycitin, while at the same time increasing concentration of aglycones (daidzein, genistein and glycitein). Increasing time of the germination period increased concentration of aglycones. ‘Caramel’ type malts were characterised with higher concentration of most of the isoflavonoids (daidzin, daidzein, genistin, genistein and glycitein) than ‘light’ type malts. Results of this study suggest that soybean malts can be an interesting substrate in the production of various food products with increased aglycone content.
Prognosis and chemotherapy drug sensitivity in liver hepatocellular carcinoma through a disulfidptosis-related lncRNA signature
Authors: Chen Chao , Wang Chaoyang , Li Yi , Jiang Shanshan , Yu Ningjun , Zhou Guofeng
Published: March 2024

Disulfidptosis, a new type of regulated cell death associated with the actin cytoskeleton, provides a new therapeutic tool for cancers. The direct relationship between disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs(DRLs) in liver hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) remains unclear. We acquired transcriptomic data, corresponding clinical data, and tumor mutation data of HCC from the TCGA database. First of all, DRLs were determined through correlation analysis. Then, a prognostic model containing six DRLs was created by adopting univariate Cox regression, LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Based on the model, 424 HCC patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Next, we structured ROC curves and PCA through combining the model and clinical data. Enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were adopted to further explore the relationship between the model and prognosis. In addition, we explored the relationship between the model and tumor mutation burden (TMB). There were significant differences between high- and low- risk groups, and patients in the high-risk group showed poor prognosis. Enrichment analysis suggested that metabolic progress was obviously different between the two groups. According to the analysis of immune infiltration, there were several differences in immune cells, function, and checkpoints. Patients with high-risk and high TMB demonstrated the least favorable prognosis. The two risk groups both manifested visiblly in chemotherapy drug sensitivity. To sum up, we set up a DRL-based signature and that may provide a predictable value for the prognosis and use of chemotherapy drugs for HCC patients.
Actively tunable and switchable terahertz metamaterials with multi-band perfect absorption and polarization conversion
Authors: Zhu Ying , Huang Zhiyu , Su Jiangbin , Tang Bin
Published: March 2024

An actively tunable and switchable multi-functional metamaterial is demonstrated by combining vanadium dioxide and graphene in the terahertz region.
Empowering ultrathin polyamide membranes at the water–energy nexus: strategies, limitations, and future perspectives
Authors: Sarkar Pulak , Wu Chenyue , Yang Zhe , Tang Chuyang Y.
Published: March 2024

This review details the design and creation of ultrathin polyamide membranes with significant enhancement in water permeance along with the limitations and potential strategies to empower their efficacy in ionic and molecular separations.
A novel black poplar propolis extract with promising health-promoting properties: focus on its chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-genotoxic activities
Authors: Acito Mattia , Varfaj Ina , Brighenti Virginia , Cengiz Emine Ceren , Rondini Tommaso , Fatigoni Cristina , Russo Carla , Pietrella Donatella , Pellati Federica , Bartolini Desirée , Sardella Roccaldo , Moretti Massimo , Villarini Milena
Published: March 2024

Propolis is a resinous mixture produced by honeybees which has been used since ancient times for its useful properties.
Probiotic-fermented tomato with hepatic lipid metabolism modulation effects: analysis of physicochemical properties, bioactivities, and potential bioactive compounds
Authors: Wei Benliang , Zheng Wendi , Peng Zhen , Xiao Muyan , Huang Tao , Xie Mingyong , Xiong Tao
Published: March 2024

This study explored the bioactive compounds in fermented tomatoes that exert alleviating effects on obesity and hyperlipidemia and validated for the first time the lipid-lowering potential of irisflorentin and homoeriodictyol in HepG2 cells.
Performance enhancement of perovskite solar cells by doping non-toxic multifunctional natural sodium lignosulfonate into SnO2
Authors: Jiang Zezhuan , Li Fuling , Yan Huaiqing , R Rathes Kannan , Chen Lijia , Li Ping , Song Qunliang
Published: March 2024

A novel non-toxic multifunctional natural additive, sodium lignosulfonate (SL), is first utilized to dope SnO2 solution. The synergetic effects of energy level regulation, interface defect passivation, and crystallization optimization enhanced the efficiency.
Development of wafer-scale multifunctional nanophotonic neural probes for brain activity mapping
Authors: Chen Fu Der , Sharma Ankita , Roszko David A. , Xue Tianyuan , Mu Xin , Luo Xianshu , Chua Hongyao , Lo Patrick Guo-Qiang , Sacher Wesley D. , Poon Joyce K. S.
Published: March 2024

We explore the development of multifunctional nanophotonic neural probes, integrating microelectrodes, optical emitters, and microfluidic channels for multimodal brain mapping.
A novel ratiometric design of microfluidic paper-based analytical device for the simultaneous detection of Cu2+ and Fe3+ in drinking water using a fluorescent MOF@tetracycline nanocomposite
Authors: Al-Jaf Sabah H. , Mohammed Ameen Sameera Sh. , Omer Khalid M.
Published: March 2024

On-site monitoring of ions in drinking water is essential for safeguarding public health, ensuring high water quality, and preserving the ecological balance of aquatic ecosystems.
Catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid for the preparation of γ-valerolactone using CuAgZrO2–graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Jia Yufeng , Lv Hui , Mao Jingbo , Zhou Jinxia
Published: March 2024

The CuAgZrGO catalyst was synthesized by regulating the pH of the precipitation system to achieve a one-pot layered assembly of Zr4+, Cu2+, and Ag+ components on the graphene oxide (GO) surface.
The influence of plastic pyrolysis oil on fuel lubricity and diesel engine performance
Authors: Pumpuang Anupap , Klinkaew Niti , Wathakit Khatha , Sukhom Aunna , Sukjit Ekarong
Published: March 2024

A comprehensive study assesses the feasibility of utilizing plastic oils from HDPE, PP, and PS as diesel alternatives. The investigation concentrates on a comparison of fuel lubricity, engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics.
Iodoarene-directed photoredox β-C(sp3)–H arylation of 1-(o-iodoaryl)alkan-1-ones with cyanoarenes via halogen atom transfer and hydrogen atom transfer
Authors: Zeng Liang , Xu Chong-Hui , Zou Xiu-Yuan , Sun Qing , Hu Ming , Ouyang Xuan-Hui , He De-Liang , Li Jin-Heng
Published: March 2024

Radical-mediated direct photoredox β-C(sp3)–H arylation of 1-(o-iodoaryl)alkan-1-ones with cyanoarenes directed by an iodoarene group is depicted.
Lanthanide MOF-based luminescent sensor arrays for the detection of castration-resistant prostate cancer curing drugs and biomarkers
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Gopalsamy Karuppasamy , Clavier Gilles , Maurin Guillaume , Ding Bin , Tissot Antoine , Serre Christian
Published: March 2024

In this work, we synthesized a novel luminescent array based on Eu/Tb-MOF, which was applied in the detection of drugs and biomarkers of castration-resistant prostate cancers with remarkable sensitivity and selectivity in human serum solution.
The integrated on-chip isolation and detection of circulating tumour cells
Authors: Abusamra Sophia M. , Barber Robert , Sharafeldin Mohamed , Edwards Claire M. , Davis Jason J.
Published: March 2024

Accessible microfluidic configurations support CTC isolation (by size, rigidity, antigen expression) and detection in a single platform. Integrated detection can be achieved through optical, electrochemical, and physical means.
The heterostructure topology of a chemiresistive sensor based on hexagonal BaTiO3 and 2D SnO for toluene detection
Authors: Singh Anshika , Rawat Ravindra Kumar , Kumar Atul , Chauhan Pratima
Published: March 2024

The SnO–BaTiO3 bi-layered heterostructured chemiresistive sensor exhibits promising potential for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under ambient conditions.
Stereocontrol in an intermolecular Schmidt reaction of equilibrating hydroxyalkyl allylic azides
Authors: Liu Ruzhang , Wang Juan , Wu Hao , Quan Xianfeng , Wang Shilin , Guo Jiandong , Wang Yang , Li Heting
Published: March 2024

A selective intermolecular Schmidt reaction of equilibrating hydroxyalkyl allylic azides is reported to afford N-hydroxyalk-1-en-3-yl lactams with high diastereoselectivity in modest to high yields.
Bilirubin and its crystal forms
Authors: Bracken Matthew L. , Fernandes Manuel A. , Mathura Sadhna
Published: March 2024

Bilirubin crystals in the gall bladder and urine are typical indicators of liver dysfunction. Examining the crystal structure of lipophilic bilirubin is thus of interest. We present crystal structures for three crystal forms of the bile pigment.
Low-coordination M–N3 active sites with high accessibility and efficiency for electrocatalytic O2 and CO2 reduction
Authors: Wei Shan , Wu Hongbo , Zhou Cheng , Pan Liuyi , Huang Lingzhi , Wang Lina , Li Zhong , Zhang Jian
Published: March 2024

The review summarizes developments of low-coordination M–N3 reactive centers for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction and O2 reduction, as well as the underlying structure–activity relationships and catalytic mechanisms.
A message passing neural network for predicting dipole moment dependent core electron excitation spectra
Authors: Shibata Kiyou , Mizoguchi Teruyasu
Published: March 2024

A message-passing neural network using a unit direction vector in addition to molecular graphs as the input satisfying invariance to space-inversion symmetry operations enables prediction of the anisotropic core electron excitation spectra.
Phosphonate-substituted porphyrins as efficient, cost-effective and reusable photocatalysts
Authors: Kechiche Azhar , Al Shehimy Shaymaa , Khrouz Lhoussain , Monnereau Cyrille , Bucher Christophe , Parola Stephane , Bessmertnykh-Lemeune Alla , Rousselin Yoann , Cheprakov Andrey V. , Nasri Habib
Published: March 2024

Incorporating phosphonate groups onto the phenyl substituents of meso-tetraphenylporphyrins proves advantageous for their utilization in photocatalysis.
Dual FGFR-targeting and pH-activatable ruthenium–peptide conjugates for targeted therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Franco Machado João , Sá Marco , Pires Inês , da Silva Miguel Tarita , Marques Fernanda , Coelho Jaime A. S. , Mendes Filipa , Piedade M. Fátima M. , Machuqueiro Miguel , Jiménez María Angeles , Garcia Maria Helena , Correia João D. G. , Morais Tânia S.
Published: March 2024

We report a drug delivery system containing a cytotoxic ruthenium complex tethered to a FGFR-targeting peptide. The system showed controlled release of the active complex in breast cancer cells resulting in improved antiproliferative activity and selectivity.
Recycling primary lithium batteries using a coordination chemistry approach: recovery of lithium and manganese residues in the form of industrially important materials
Authors: Petrus Rafał , Kowaliński Adrian , Lis Tadeusz
Published: March 2024

A simple and efficient method was developed for recovering lithium and manganese from spent primary lithium metal batteries (LMBs) in the form of industrially important lithium salts or homo- and heterometallic oxide materials.
Riboflavin ameliorates intestinal inflammation via immune modulation and alterations of gut microbiota homeostasis in DSS-colitis C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Zhang Wang-Wei , Thakur Kiran , Zhang Jian-Guo , Wei Zhao-Jun
Published: March 2024

While there have been advancements in understanding the direct and indirect impact of riboflavin (B2) on intestinal inflammation, the precise mechanisms are still unknown.
Sequential extraction and separation of soluble humins from fructose conversion for structural and evolutional understanding
Authors: Li Hui , Hu Yexin , Hu Ping , Li Linzhen , Wu Di , Xue Zhidan , Hu Changwei , Zhu Liangfang
Published: March 2024

The understanding of the evolution, structure, and separation of humins during the conversion of high-concentration fructose offers an opportunity to understand humin chemistry for the future inhibition or application of humins in biorefineries.
Characterization of polymer properties and identification of additives in commercially available research plastics
Authors: Cuthbertson Amy A. , Lincoln Clarissa , Miscall Joel , Stanley Lisa M. , Maurya Anjani K. , Asundi Arun S. , Tassone Christopher J. , Rorrer Nicholas A. , Beckham Gregg T.
Published: March 2024

This work reports the analysis of 59 commercially available polymers from 20 different polymer classes for thermal properties, macrostructure, molecular mass distribution, and inorganic and organic additives, highlighting the need to characterize research polymers prior to recycling studies.
Studies on Mg–Ba mixed oxide catalysts for continuous glycerol transesterification to glycerol carbonate
Authors: Pattanaik Piyusa Priyadarsan , Geekuri Mallikarjun , Gunniya Gunasekar Hariyanandam , Nakka Lingaiah
Published: March 2024

Mg–Ba mixed oxide catalysts are highly active and stable for continuous production of glycerol carbonate by transesterification of glycerol.
Facile synthesis of substituted 2-aroylbenzo[b]thiophen-3-ols to form novel triazole hybrids using click chemistry
Authors: Mukhtar Asma , Hussain Arif , Younas Faiza , Yousuf Sammer , Saeed Muhammad
Published: March 2024

In the presence of triethylamine, 2-mercaptobenzoic acid (6) reacts with aryl bromomethyl ketones (8) to produce benzothiophenes (5), which can be subjected to a click reaction to construct benzothiophene-triazole hybrids (14).
Vinylene-linked diketopyrrolopyrrole chromophores for electrochromism
Authors: K. V. Vinutha , M. Rajeswara Rao
Published: March 2024

Novel series of vinylene-linked DPP compounds were synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation of dimethyl DPP (6) with various aromatic aldehydes. The compounds are redox active and exhibit reversible electrochromism with NIR-to-NIR switching.
Highly tunable bimane-based fluorescent probes: design, synthesis, and application as a selective amyloid binding dye
Authors: Venkatesh Yarra , Marotta Nicholas P. , Lee Virginia M.-Y. , Petersson E. James
Published: March 2024

Rational design of environmentally-sensitive bimane probes with tunable properties holds promise for studying neurodegenerative disease.