bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Experience of the Missionaries of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Origin of Christian Education Among the Ossetians (1742–1793)
Authors: Блейх Н.О.
Published: April 2024

В публикации представлен анализ деятельности миссионеров РПЦ в зарождении христианского образования у осетин за период с 1742 по 1793 гг. Цель работы заключается в воссоздании целостной картины генезиса христианского образования миссионерами, выявлении их вклада в дело просвещения осетинского народа. На основе открытия новых архивных и документальных материалов в статье пересматривается позиция некоторых аспектов кавказоведческой науки, нивелирующей значение грузинских деятелей в культурном сближении русско-осетинских обществ.

The publication presents an analysis of the activities of the missionaries of the Russian Orthodox Church in the origin of education among Ossetians for the period from 1742 to 1793. The aim of the work is to recreate a holistic picture of the genesis of Christian education by missionaries, to identify their contribution to the school architecture of the Ossetian people. Based on the discovery of new archival and documentary materials, the article reviews the position of some aspects of Caucasian studies, leveling the importance of Georgian figures in the cultural rapprochement of Russian-Ossetian societies.
Bolu İlinin Sağlık Turizmi Potansiyelinin SWOT Analizi Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi ve Sağlık Turizminin Çeşitlendirilmesi (Evaluation of the Health Tourism Potential of Bolu Province with the SWOT Analysis Method and Diversification of Health Tourism)
Authors: TUNA Hakan , TUNA Aleyna
Published: April 2024

Sağlık turizmi her geçen gün önem kazanan önemli bir turizm çeşididir. Özellikle ekonomik getirisinin yüksek olmasından dolayı hem dünyada hem de Türkiye’de önem kazanmaya devam etmektedir. Bolu ili de sahip olduğu termal kaynaklar ve temiz havaya sahip yaylaları ile sağlık turizminde gitgide büyüyen bir destinasyondur. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı, Bolu ilinin sağlık turizmi potansiyelini SWOT analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirmek ve Bolu ilindeki yapılabilecek sağlık turizmi çeşitlerini belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi ve bu araştırma yöntemine ait bir desen olan fenomenoloji kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi tercih edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında kamu kurumlarındaki yetkililer, kamu ve özel hastane yöneticileri, akademisyenler ve sivil toplum örgütü yetkilileri ile görüşme yapılması planlanmış ve toplamda 10 kişi ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler sonucunda Bolu ilinin güçlü yönü olarak ulaşımın kolay olması, iklimin elverişli olması, şehir trafiğinin ve gürültü kirliliğinin minimum düzeyde olması; zayıf yönü olarak tanıtım eksikliği, nitelikli personel eksikliği, özel sağlık sektörünün yatırımlarının yetersiz kalması ve idari yönetimlerce teşvik edilmemesi faktörleri belirtilmiştir.
Gastro-Kültürel Turlara Katılan Yerli Ziyaretçilerin Otantiklik Algısı ve Tur Deneyim Kalitesi: Turist Rehberlerinin Yorumlayıcı Rolünün Etkisi (Perception of Authenticıity and Tour Experience Quality of Domestic Visitors Participating in Gastro-Cultural Tours: Effect of Tourıst Guides Interpretative Role)
Authors: ÇORMAN Gizem , ÖZDEMİR YILMAZ Gülay
Published: April 2024

Bu araştırma, turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünün gastro-kültürel turlara katılan yerli ziyaretçilerin otantiklik algısı ve tur deneyim kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Turizm alanyazınında turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünün gastro-kültürel turlara katılan yerli ziyaretçilerin otantiklik algısı ve deneyim kalitesi üzerindeki etkisini ölçmeye yönelik bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamış olması araştırmayı değerli kılmaktadır. Mardin iline tur ile gelen 626 yerli ziyaretçi araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında veri setinin analizi için IBM SPSS 26 ve AMOS 22 istatistiksel analiz programları birlikte kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada yararlanılan yapısal yol analizi ile turist rehberlerinin yorumlayıcı rolünün ziyaretçilerin otantiklik algısı üzerinde olumlu ve yüksek düzeyde; ziyaretçilerin tur deneyim kalitesi üzerinde olumlu ve orta düzeyde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca gastro-kültürel turlara katılan yerli ziyaretçilerin Mardin iline yönelik algıladıkları otantikliğin deneyim kalitesini olumlu ve iyi düzeyde etkilediği araştırmanın bir diğer sonucudur.
The Neighbourhood–Health Nexus: Design, Behaviour and Futures
Authors: Hatuka Tali , Elhanan Gal , Bloom Amitai
Published: April 2024

Over the last decade, and more recently with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) pandemic, increased attention has been given to the dynamic between health and urbanism. Features such as city design, the environment, and socioeconomic factors have been studied worldwide. Most studies
have focused on a single element of the urban environment, making it difficult to understand the possible influence of related urban features. Furthermore, studies have addressed the issue of urbanism and health on different international, national, urban, and local scales, resulting in multiple
inconsistencies. With the enhanced growth of cities, it is argued that the neighbourhood scale is the ideal scale to understand the built environmental–health nexus. More specifically, the paper reviews studies that focus on neighbourhood design and its influence on health, and studies
that focus on residents' health-related behaviour. In addition, it maps the key developments in e-health and its expected influence on health services in neighbourhoods. Insights from these reviews are used to offer a preliminary conceptual framework for addressing health in neighbourhoods.
The Agency of Socially Mixed Neighbourhoods Insights from the Historic Centre of Naples
Authors: Mattiucci Cristina
Published: April 2024

In a city like Naples, the concept of neighbourhood is continuously negotiated and redefined through everyday practices of urban interaction and through the existence of multiple forms of social capital that animate daily life. In the historic centre of the city the negotiation of the
neighbourhoods is influenced by the coexistence and close proximity of different social groups, which compels us to think about the significance of the 'agency of place' and how social difference defines the neighbourhood itself. The diverse housing situations and economic activities shape
the characteristics of these central neighbourhoods that, crucially, are not captured in formal, administrative definitions of the city's districts. Through the case of the Condominio Sociale divia S. Nicola a Nilo, a city council housing policy to build a socially inclusive block of flats,
this article discusses how the coexistence of various inhabitants, social networks, and spatial relationships represent a fundamental feature of the concept of neighbourhood in Naples. In doing so, the article points to the importance of the 'agency of place' and the maintenance of social
heterogeneity as key to inclusive urban policies.
The Concept of the 'Neighbourhood' in Crime and Place Theory and Its Influence on Police Strategy
Authors: Zur Hadas
Published: April 2024

The neighbourhood is a basic unit in police work in the city. Throughout the twentieth and twenty- first centuries, theories of crime and place conceptualized the neighbourhood differently; some emphasized sociological aspects, while others focused on physical aspects. Each theory offers
different practices for crime reduction and police action strategies in neighbourhoods. This paper shows how the police implement different strategies in a neighbourhood in South Tel Aviv. It argues that the diversity of approaches increases the range and areas of police intervention in the
neighbourhood and empowers their control and effect on place. It indicates the dominance of physical and microgeographical approaches over sociological approaches. Methodologically, this paper uses a three-pronged approach: 1. In-depth interviews with police officers and other dominant actors
in space; 2. Ethnographic work with the urban police; and 3. Spatial analysis of policework in the neighbourhood. The conclusion discusses the consequences and shortcomings of the current paradigm in policing and suggests three directions as departure points for new thinking on crime and neighbourhoods:
rethinking scale; reassessing the subject of concern; and readdressing the entanglement between crime and space.
Trabalho e produção indígena: Uma análise sobre exploração e divisão sexual do trabalho no âmbito dos povos originários brasileiros
Authors: Perez Giovanna Bolletta , Leite Leonardo Delatorre , Pereira Flávio de Leão Bastos
Published: April 2024

A divisão sexual do trabalho no âmbito das comunidades indígenas foi analisada sob a ótica do período de colonização portuguesa em terras brasileiras, bem como no Serviço de Proteção ao Índio (SPI) no período de ditadura militar, ambos por meio do Relatório Figueiredo, chegando então à redemocratização e à legislação vigente. O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as condições em que se deu a exploração da mão de obra indígena e os efeitos da divisão sexual do trabalho. Foi utilizado, nesse âmbito, o método indutivo da pesquisa jurídica, partindo de análise de legislação, dados e revisão bibliográfica. Foi percebida a necessidade de analisar a questão da divisão sexual do trabalho no âmbito das comunidades indígenas, em decorrência do colonialismo e a impossibilidade de compreender o multiculturalismo como impedimento de análise de questões relativas ao gênero, mas como meio essencial para análise dos povos originários.
Gênero e alteridade: Uma análise biopolítica do transfeminicídio no Brasil e a aposta no direito fraterno como contrabiopoder
Authors: Dutra Gabrielle Scola , Cigana Paula Fabíola , Da Rosa Milena Cereser
Published: April 2024

A temática da presente pesquisa é o transfeminicídio sob a perspectiva do Direito Fraterno. O objetivo geral da investigação é analisar o fenômeno do transfeminicídio no Brasil a partir da aposta no Direito Fraterno como mecanismo que desvela os paradoxos da biopolítica. Os objetivos específicos são: 1) Abordar o assassinato dos corpos trans em razão de gênero no contexto brasileiro e 2) Apresentar o Direito Fraterno como contrabiopoder e mecanismo que produz alteridade no enfrentamento do transfeminicídio. A metodologia escolhida para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa é o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, embasado em uma análise bibliográfica e documental. A base teórica é de cunho biopolítico a partir da Teoria do Direito Fraterno, articulada pelo jurista italiano Eligio Resta. Diante da intersecção entre gênero e alteridade, questiona-se: é possível uma análise biopolítica do transfeminicídio no Brasil a partir da incorporação do Direito Fraterno como contrabiopoder? Constata-se que a fraternidade é um mecanismo biopolítico por excelência que detém potencialidade de desvelar e enfrentar os paradoxos biopolíticos incutidos no fenômeno do transfeminicídio no contexto brasileiro em prol da proteção e reconhecimento dos corpos trans.
F. H. Jacobi y el problema de la afección en Kant: una solución metodológica
Authors: Guzmán Grez Nicolás
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo busca describir la crítica de F. H. Jacobi a la filosofía trascendental en torno al problema de la afección y la cosa en sí. Esta crítica atribuye al pensamiento de Kant un idealismo incompatible con toda noción de realismo. La interpretación de Jacobi, sin embargo, se apoya sobre un desconocimiento de la naturaleza metodológico-trascendental no solo de la terminología involucrada en el problema de la afección, sino de toda la reflexión kantiana acerca del conocimiento. El modelo exegético de la two aspects view ha proporcionado instrumentos que nos permiten una reconstrucción hermenéutica del problema de la afección y ponen en evidencia el extravío metodológico en la crítica de Jacobi.
La nueva metafísica de Hegel desde el prólogo a la Wissenschaft der Logik (1812)
Authors: Cordero Redondo Joan
Published: April 2024

Este artículo analiza el prólogo de 1812 a la Ciencia de la lógica (WdL) y responde a los planteos: ¿de qué trata esta obra?, ¿qué hay de lógico en la expresión “lógica”?, ¿es ”lógica” un nombre sustituto para “metafísica” o, más bien, la WdL es la inauguración de una disciplina completamente nueva y que dista de la metafísica en el sentido tradicional? Concluyo que la lógica es aquí el desarrollo del concepto expresada como libertad social.
Hacer experiencia del tiempo: fenomenología de la demora y de la tardanza en el primer Heidegger (1919-1930)
Authors: Gatica Gattamelati Andrés
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo tiene por fin ofrecer una reconstrucción sistemático-doxográfica de los fenómenos de la demora y de la tardanza en el pensamiento de Martin Heidegger entre 1919 y 1930. En la primera sección de este escrito rastrearemos las ambigüedades que penetran en la nominalización y formalización de la demora, para inmediatamente tematizar la estructura disruptiva de cuatro modos de la demora entendida a título constituyente dentro de la obra temprana de Heidegger. Lo que nos interesará es dar cuenta del modo en que la demora porta un potencial desocultante que asegura fenomenológicamente la evidenciación de la dimensión constituyente. En la segunda sección del ensayo, bajaremos a las transformaciones inmanentes de la filosofía de Heidegger para dar cuenta de dos posibilidades de la auto-comprensión de la filosofía a partir de la demora y de la tardanza, precisamente desde dos modos de relación con la dimensión constituyente del aparecer. Por una parte, un modo marcado por la tardanza crepuscular, y por otra parte, un modo ejecutivo basado en la demora auroral.
Las dimensiones diagnóstica y terapéutica de Humano, demasiado humano I
Authors: Villamil Lozano Harol David
Published: April 2024

En este artículo interpreto las cuatro primeras secciones de Humano, demasiado humano I para argumentar que la filosofía de Nietzsche tiene pretensiones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. En el primer apartado, se muestra que dicha filosofía es psicológica. En el segundo apartado se ilustra la psicología descriptiva de la filosofía de Nietzsche, la cual señala que las doctrinas metafísicas descansan sobre malentendidos psicológicos y que los sentimientos y representaciones considerados “superiores” se basan en motivos egoístas y errores de la razón. En el tercer apartado se defiende que la filosofía de Nietzsche también es médica e intelectualista: su indagación sobre la psicología humana le permite, primero, diagnosticar dos tipos de enfermedad, una causada por el conocimiento científico (la enfermedad existencial) y otra causada por las doctrinas metafísicas (la enfermedad nerviosa), y segundo, curar ambos tipos de enfermedades al eliminar, con el mismo conocimiento científico, sus causas.
A lift stopping mechanism controlled by a special rope fastening
Authors: Li Jingrui
Published: April 2024

The lift leveling mechanism provided in this paper is controlled by the special rope fastening. By using the lift leveling mode controlled by the rope fastening, the leveling mode of the lifting system can be changed to the braking stop of the drive system after the platform is lowered and placed on the bracket. The problem of anchorage precision and the vibration caused by elastic expansion of the rope during platform loading and unloading are effectively solved by using the supporting function of the piers. In the process of studying this problem, we simplified a heavy-duty elevator system to form a simplified model that can be used for simulation research. The device provided in this article provides a new solution for the leveling of the heavy-duty lifting system, which not only ensures the leveling accuracy of the lifting platform during loading and unloading, but also effectively reduces the impact during leveling, which has a beneficial guiding effect on this type of equipment.
Simulation analysis of local temperature field of electric propulsion slip ring
Authors: Bin Liu
Published: April 2024

The temperature at which the carbon brushes and the structure of the rings in the electric propulsion slip ring operate has a crucial influence on the safe and reliable operation of the ship. In order to control the temperature of the local structure of the electric propulsion slip ring, this study established a carbon brush and ring piece model through finite element simulation analysis and designed a five-factor, four-level orthogonal test to derive the sensitivity of the final temperature influence factor: initial temperature > current > wind speed > pressure > speed; the optimal combination of parameters is obtained: initial temperature 35 °C, pressure 25 N, speed 5 rpm, wind speed 0.20 m/s, and current 40 A, and the optimal parameters are substituted for the temperature field simulation. The results show that the relatively large area of temperature is distributed on the carbon brushes with a maximum value of 58.3 °C, which is relatively reasonable in size and distribution; the relatively large area of potential is distributed on the carbon brushes, the maximum value of which is 0.3V The entire potential distribution is symmetrical, indicating a reasonable current path; the relatively large area of current density distribution is on the carbon brushes with a value of 64.7 A/cm2, the entire current density distribution is symmetrical and corresponds to the potential distribution, which, together with the frictional rotation, corresponds to the temperature distribution, indicating that the simulation results have a certain degree of reliability.
Determination of parameters of upper assembly of current collector when it interacts with contact suspension
Authors: Abdullayev Seidulla , Bakyt Gabit , Toktamyssova Aliya , Ashirbayev Galymzhan , Baubekov Yermek , Imasheva Gulnar
Published: April 2024

In this article, the definition of the current density field at current collection was reduced only to the calculation of the thermal (resistive) action of the electric current. These procedures must include consideration of the bending stiffness of the contact wires to calculate the distribution of the pressing force on the contact wire between the current collecting plates. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing methods for calculating the dynamics of mechanical interaction of the current collector with the chain suspension. As a result of computer modeling in the Comsol Multiphysics software package, the volumetric power density of resistive heating from the intrinsic resistance of the contact wire was determined.
Investigation of fracture behavior and mechanical properties of epoxy composites supported with MWCNTs microscopically
Authors: Abdelhussein Abdelsalam , Yang Guolai , Hussein Emad Kamil , Li Lei , Mohamad Barhm
Published: April 2024

Adding of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to epoxy resin has shown promising results in improving fracture toughness in bulk epoxy and carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites (CFRP). using a hand layup proceeding followed by the so called vacuum bagging process method, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was added to an epoxy resin with a weight percentage mixing of 1% wt., 1.25% wt., and 1.5 % wt. MWCNTs. Furthermore, the specimen underwent analysis via Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, the composites were subjected to a microscopic examination using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). FTIR and XRD verified the folding and unfolding of the polymer, in addition, the mechanical properties including tensile strength, bending stress, and impact behavior were investigated as well as the hardness test. The obtained results showed a significant improvement of about (40 %) in tensile strength, (53 %) in bending stress at 1 % wt. MWCNTs, and (70 %) percentage increment in the strength of Impact at 1.25 % wt. MWCNTs. And the gained hardness was about 40.5 HV which were compared with a reference substance named Carbon Fiber (CF) without any addition of nano materials. Carbon nanotubes have demonstrated their potential to enhance the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymers, so this investigative study employs comprehensive characterization techniques, and demonstrates significant improvements in mechanical properties for the modified polymeric composite materials supported with nano materials.
The influence of aeolian sand on the mechanical properties of cement stabilized crushed stone
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Han Dejun , Li Rong
Published: April 2024

The utilization of aeolian sand resources for road construction is a specific measure to develop green and low-carbon transportation, and also conforms to the concept of green and sustainable development of roads in China. Based on this, the feasibility of using aeolian sand as a substitute for fine aggregate for cement stabilized graded crushed stone was explored, and the effects of different aeolian sand dosages on the unconfined compressive strength, bending and flexural strength, and splitting strength of cement stabilized crushed stone mixtures were studied. The results indicate that the addition of aeolian sand has a significant deterioration effect on the mechanical properties of cement stabilized graded crushed stone mixtures. The larger the amount of aeolian sand added, the more severe its impact on the mixture. Therefore, controlling the amount of aeolian sand within 6 % can meet the mechanical performance requirements. To ensure the large-scale utilization of aeolian sand resources, future research can comprehensively consider the shrinkage characteristics, durability, and water stability of cement stabilized crushed stone mixtures, and further recommend the maximum dosage of aeolian sand.
Study on thermal ignition and growth characteristics of CL-20 and HMX-based explosives
Authors: Jiang Xibo , Jin Penggang , Xu Hongtao , Yang Jian
Published: April 2024

In order to understand the ignition and growth process of CL-20-based explosives, a comparative study of ignition and growth characteristics of CL-20 and HMX-based explosives was carried out. The ignition and ignition growth of CL-20, HMX, CL-20 and HMX-based explosives were studied respectively by means of ignition test and time-pressure test. The results showed that the reaction growth rate of CL-20 explosives was the fastest, indicating that the CL-20 explosives were easy to ignite, and it was easy to grow into more intense reaction form after ignition.
Research on key technology of narrow-type double-turn track crawler drilling rig
Authors: Liu Yiyang
Published: April 2024

In view of the difficult construction problem of narrow roadway drilling rig, the design plan and technical requirements of the drilling rig were formulated, and the narrow-body double-turn track crawler was developed. The key technologies of the luffing device, the crawler body and the integrated operating valve were introduced. Research and verification of the reliability of the rig through field tests. The rig moves quickly and easily; The cylindrical column-double hydraulic drive turntable luffing device has compact structure; no rubber chuck have simple structure and convenient use which can save maintenance and cost; integrated operating valve have small size and less rubber tube Pipeline, which can be easy to repair; the open large stroke holder have the small width and large opening, which make it high reliability and good neutrality. Development of narrow double turntable crawn rigs, shorten the auxiliary operation time of the rig in a narrow roadway, improves the safety of on-site workers, providing technical support for improving the construction efficiency of narrow road rigs.
The effect of the impact of the transport load on the strength and deformability of the soil base of the road structure
Authors: Serikov Akjol , Kvashnin Mikhail , Kulmanov Kalizhan , Dyussengaliyeva Turly , Sikimbekova Kundyz , Zhauyt Algazy
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of determining the strength and deformation characteristics of the soils of the roadbed. Models of road structures located on a weak soil base are also considered, with the justification of design schemes reflecting the basic physical conditions of the structure. The strength of weak soils under the influence of vibration loads depends on their variety and porosity. The higher the density of the soil, the higher its dynamic stability and the greater the values of vibration accelerations, which cause a decrease in its strength. When comparing the calculated data of the dynamic deflection of a weak soil base with experimental data, it was found that the discrepancy in quantitative values does not exceed 10 %, which is quite acceptable for this kind of research. The results obtained and the accepted models of road structures are recommended to be used in calculations of the stability of embankment slopes of the roadbed, as well as in calculations of the precipitation of the embankment body on weak foundations.
Dynamic ultimate capacity analysis of rectangular girder under hammer impact
Authors: Shi Guijie , Wang Deyu
Published: April 2024

The dynamic failure and ultimate capacity analysis of rectangular girder under bending moment has not been fully studied. In this paper, a rectangular girder scaled from actual ship deck structure is selected as the study objective to analyze the dynamic failure and ultimate flexure capacity. The dynamic response under hammer drop impact is studied, and then two criteria of dynamic ultimate flexure capacity of the girder are proposed based on the bending moment in section and permanent deformation. The novelty of this paper is the proposed evaluation criterion of dynamic ultimate capacity.
Research on noise reduction methods for indoor substations based on resonant sound absorption
Authors: Ma Jiangang , Geng Mingxin , Zhao Yalin , Wang Lv , Fan Chuang , Guo Jipu , Yu Xiaobing
Published: April 2024

Aiming to reduce the impact of substation noise on the lives of surrounding residents, improving the low and middle frequencies acoustic performance of traditional resistive mufflers in indoor substations is significant. The paper is based on the resonance sound absorption mechanism, and for the first time applies multi-frequency resonance noise reduction technology to the research field of indoor substation noise control, proposing a multi-frequency resonant muffling structure. The acoustic performance of the proposed muffler unit is investigated through theoretical and numerical analysis. The measured noise data of the indoor substation is used as sound excitation in the numerical analysis. The results show that at frequencies of 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 300 Hz, 400 Hz, and 500 Hz, the noise in indoor substations is significantly reduced by the multi-frequency resonant muffling structure. The paper provides references for the application of multi-frequency resonant mufflers in the field of noise control of indoor substations.
Immunomodulatory effect of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera(L.) Dunal) and its impact on COVID-19
Authors: Pushpakaran Arun M. K. , Singh Jyoti , Rasane Prasad , Kaur Sawinder , Kaur Jaspreet , Kaur Jasjit , Kumar Mukul , Assouguem Amine
Published: April 2024

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera(L.) Dunal) is an Ayurvedic medicinal herb that has been known for its therapeutic properties for millennia. Ashwagandha contains several bioactive compounds, including withanolides, alkaloids, and saponins. They make ashwagandha a potent adaptogen and a versatile herb that can maintain optimal health and overall well-being. Ashwagandha reduces stress and anxiety, as well as boosts the immune system. Its anti-inflammatory properties treat arthritis, asthma, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Ashwagandha produces an immunomodulatory effect on natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and leukemia cells. It enhances the activity of natural killer cells, increases lymphocyte function, and induces apoptosis in leukemia cells. However, its mechanism of action still remains understudied.

Ashwagandha has an impact on COVID-19: phytochemical withanone blocks or weakens the interaction between S-protein and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Withanoside V and somniferine inhibit viral transcription and replication caused by SARSCoV-2 Mpro.

This review explores the potential utilization of ashwagandha in the food industry, i.e., its safety and toxicity, as well as the mechanism behind its immunomodulatory effect.
Microencapsulation by coacervation: Physicochemical and sensory properties of food flavorings
Authors: Moawad Shimaa , El-Kalyoubi Mamdouh H. , Khallaf Mohamed F. , Gawad Ramadan A. , Saed Badr , Farouk Amr
Published: April 2024

Coacervation is a low-energy method that is ideal for encapsulating heat-sensitive materials, e.g., limonene, citral, linalool, and isoamyl acetate.

This research used a simple coacervation method to prepare flavoring beads with alginate and Tween 80. The methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy made it possible to study the morphology and structure of the flavoring beads. After the extraction, the flavor retention and structure were described using the method of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

The microcapsules demonstrated a retention rate of 99.07–99.73% while the encapsulation efficiency remained as high as 96.40–97.07%. The microcapsules had a mononuclear structure and ranged from spherical to elongated ellipsoids; they were sealed without agglomeration. The particle size was below 1000 µm. The GC-MS chromatograms detected neither structural changes nor any new compounds. The FTIR spectra were similar to the control but demonstrated slight shifts, which suggested fundamental structural changes caused by the coacervation. We also fortified sponge cake and jelly with flavoring beads. The sensory analysis of the sponge cake samples revealed no significant differences compared to the control. All the fortified jelly samples had higher scores for smell, taste, texture, and overall preference than the control.

The coacervation method proved to be an excellent solution for the problem of heat-sensitive flavorings that often lose quality or sensory attributes in food products that undergo extensive thermal treatment.
Exploring the Potentials of Hyaluronic Acid-coated Polymeric
Nanoparticles in Enhanced Cancer Treatment by Precision Drug
Delivery, Tackling Drug Resistance, and Reshaping the Tumour
Micro Environment
Authors: Raval Harshvardhan , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: April 2024

Cancer is a global health issue that requires modern treatments. Biocompatibility,
variable size, and customisable targeting ligands make polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs)
a flexible cancer therapy platform. Dynamic nanocarriers, Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
coated PNPs, target the overexpressed CD44 receptor in cancer. Through improved
permeability and retention, HA, a naturally occurring, biodegradable polymer, increases
tumor accumulation and penetration. Hyaluronic acid-grafted polymeric nanoparticles
(HA-PNPs) provide a number of advantages over other varieties due to their distinct
characteristics. They used CD44 receptor upregulation on cancer cells for selective administration,
leveraging the EPR effect for cancer site accumulation. Their natural composition
improves biocompatibility while promoting conjugation with a variety of
medicinal compounds and providing influence over size and surface features. HA-PNPs
facilitate effective cellular uptake, safeguard their cargo, and have the possibility for regulated
release, which leads to better delivery of drugs and therapeutic efficacy. While
problems, such as CD44 expression variability and drug loading modification, persist,
HA-PNPs offer a viable path for targeted and successful treatment of cancer due to their
intrinsic benefits. HA-PNPs can be coupled with imaging agents to enable real-time
tracking of the delivery of drugs and therapy response, hence enhancing individualized
treatment regimens. HA-PNPs can be programmed to respond to particular environmental
signals found in the tumor's microenvironment (such as pH, redox potential, and enzymes).
This enables for controlled dispensing of therapeutic cargo only when it reaches
the target site, reducing systemic exposure and associated negative effects. HA-PNPs
have the ability to overcome common MDR processes used by cancer cells, thereby enhancing
the efficiency of previously ineffective chemotherapeutic medicines. Recent advances
in HA-functionalized PNP fabrication and cancer applications are covered in this
article. It discusses complete treatment effectiveness and HA's targeting of tumors and
receptors. The study describes production, clinical trials, and problems and prospects in
turning HA-coated PNP platforms into viable therapeutic nanomedicines. HA-functionalized
PNPs are versatile, targeted nanotherapeutics for various tumor types and disease
stages, as shown in this comprehensive study.
Network Pharmacology Study on Herb Pair Bletilla striata-Galla chinensis in the
Treatment of Chronic Skin Ulcers
Authors: Wang Yue , Ding Tengteng , Jiang Xing
Published: April 2024

Background::

Herb pair Bletilla striata-Galla chinensis (BS-GC) is a classic combination of topical
traditional Chinese medicine formulae in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers (CSUs).

Objective::

The aim of this study is to explore the effective active ingredients of BS-GC, as well as the core
targets and signal transduction pathways of its action on CSUs.

Methods::

The ingredients of BS-GC were obtained from TCMSP and HERB databases. The targets of all active
ingredients were retrieved from the SwissTargetPrediction database. The targets of CSUs were obtained
from OMIM, GeneCards, Drugbank, and DisGeNET databases. A drug-disease target protein-protein interaction
(PPI) network was constructed to select the most core targets, and an herb-ingredient-target network was
built by utilizing Cytoscape 3.7.2. Furthermore, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes database (KEGG) analysis and verified the results of network pharmacology through
molecular docking.

Results::

A total of 40 active ingredients from the herb pair BS-GC were initially screened, and a total of 528
targets were retrieved. Meanwhile, the total number of CSU targets was 1032. Then, the number of common
targets between BS-GC and CSUs was 107. The 13 core targets of herb pair BS-GC with CSUs were filtered
out according to the PPI network, including AKT1, TNF, EGFR, BCL2, HIF1A, MMP-9, etc. The 5 main
core active ingredients were 1-(4-Hydroxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-4,7-diol, 1-(4-
Hydroxybenzyl)-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diol, physcion, dihydromyricetin, and myricetin.
The main biological processes were inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune response, involving the
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, HIF-1 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway,
and calcium signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed good binding activity between the 5
main core active ingredients and 13 core targets.

Conclusion::

This study predicted the core targets and signal transduction pathways in the treatment of CSUs
to provide a reference for further molecular mechanism research.
Palladium-charcoal Catalyzed Direct Esterification of Aldehydes to Esters by NaIO4
Authors: Mohinuddin Md. , Ahmed Kajol , Islam Izarul , Hossain Anamul , Roy Harendra Nath
Published: April 2024

An efficient direct oxidation method was developed to oxidize some aromatic
and aliphatic aldehydes to esters by the dual utilization of NaIO4 and Pd-C. At ambient
conditions, various aldehydes were employed in a clean esterification reaction to afford
numerous esters in good to excellent yields. By this adopted method, some multifunctional
aldehydes, high-energy-containing aromatic and unsaturated aldehydes, were advantageously
oxidized to esters without noticeable difficulties. Moreover, no over-oxidation occurred
to alcohols, and mostly by products were not formed during this oxidation process.
Conventional and some modern methods lag behind owing to their easier operability and
easy work-up process. This investigation has proven that the required oxidant (NaIO4) or
catalyst (Pd-C) is useless to employ in excess, although some current methods utilize hugely
expensive reagents for such conversions. Mundane reaction set-up, easy product recovery technique, nontoxic
catalyst, and cheap and available starting materials are the noteworthy advantages of this method.
Comparative Analysis of the Gelsemium Alkaloids Metabolism in Human, Pig,
Goat, and Rat Liver Microsomes
Authors: Wang Yi-Rong , Zuo Meng-Ting , Xu Wen-Bo , Liu Zhao-Ying
Published: April 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of Gelsemium elegans in human, pig,
goat and rat liver microsomes and to elucidate the metabolic pathways and cleavage patterns of the Gelsemium
alkaloids among different species.

Methods:

A human, goat, pig and rat liver microsomes were incubated in vitro. After incubating at 37°C for 1
hour and centrifuging, the processed samples were detected by HPLC/Qq-TOFMS was used to detect alcohol
extract of Gelsemium elegans and its metabolites

Results:

Forty-six natural products were characterized from alcohol extract of Gelsemium elegans and 13
metabolites were identified. These 13 metabolites belong to the gelsemine, koumine, gelsedine, humantenine,
yohimbane, and sarpagine classes of alkaloids. The metabolic pathways included oxidation, demethylation and
dehydrogenation. After preliminary identification, the metabolites detected in the four species were different.
All 13 metabolites were detected in pig and rat microsomes, but no oxidative metabolites of Gelsedine-type alkaloids
were detected in goat and human microsomes.

Conclusion:

In this study, Gelsemium elegans metabolic patterns in different species are clarified and the in
vitro metabolism of Gelsemium elegans is investigated. It is of great significance for its clinical development
and rational application.
Promising Potential of Curcumin and Related Compounds for Antiviral
Drug Discovery
Authors: Sharma Archana , Sharma Twinkle , Bhaskar Rajveer , Ola Monika , Sharma Alok , Sharma Prabodh Chander
Published: April 2024

Viruses are acellular, microscopic, and mobile particles containing genetic particles,
either DNA/RNA strands as nucleoproteins, responsible for 69,53,743 deaths till the year 2023.
Curcumin and related compounds are among the areas of pivotal interest for researchers because of
their versatile pharmacological profile. Chemically known as diferuloylmethane, which is a main
constituent of turmeric along with demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, they have a
broad spectrum of antiviral activity against viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpes
simplex virus, influenza virus (Avian influenza) and Hepatitis C virus HIV. The possible role of
curcumin as an antiviral agent may be attributed to the activation of the 20S proteasome, a cellular
machinery responsible for degrading unfolded or misfolded proteins in a ubiquitin-independent
manner. It shows suppression of HBV entry at various infection stages by inhibiting cccDNA replication
by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to attenuate IAV-induced myocarditis.
Local Structure and Optical Studies of Mn2+ Doped L-histidine-4-
nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol Single Crystal
Authors: Bharati Maroj , Singh Vikram , Kripal Ram
Published: April 2024

Background:

The zero-field splitting parameters of Mn2+ doped L-histidine-4-
nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol single crystals are evaluated

Methods:

The superposition model and perturbation theory are used to obtain zero-field splitting
parameters for Mn2+ ion-doped LHPP single crystals. The optical spectra of the system are computed
using the crystal field parameters from the superposition model as input into the crystal field analysis
program.

Results:

The evaluated zero field splitting parameters are in good match with the experimental values
when local distortion is taken into account. The experimental finding that the Mn2+ ion enters the
L-histidine-4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol lattice at the interstitial position is supported by the theoretical
result.

Conclusion:

It is found that the calculated and experimental band positions agree fairly well. Thus,
the theoretical study supports the experimental observation.
Practical Perspectives and Roles of XRD in Drug Discovery: A Review
Authors: Mehta Ashish , Makhija Rahul , Barik Pallavi , Dhiman Shubham , Das Gupta Ghanshyam , Asati Vivek
Published: April 2024

Biophysical techniques include various methodologies applied in studying biological systems
at the molecular and cellular level for the drug discovery process. Various methods like isothermal
calorimetry, electron microscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), electron microscopy, mass spectrometry,
atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance,
and nuclear magnetic resonance are important techniques for drug discovery. Out of these techniques,
XRD is widely employed in structure-based drug discovery, whereas FBDD (fragment-based
drug discovery) is widely used in the different phases of drug discovery. XRD was considered one of
the most important tools for structure determination of biomolecules and peptides. Consistent development
and advancement in XRD improved the various aspects of data processing, collection, sample
loading, and increased throughput. This advancement is crucial in obtaining highly resolved protein
and other biomolecule crystal structures. The structure obtained from XRD forms the core of
structure-based drug discovery and FBDD. This review article focuses on the different roles of biophysical
techniques with special emphasis on advancement, data collection, and XRD's role in different
drug discovery phases.
Silica-Based 1,3-Diphenyl-1,3-Propanedione Composites: Efficient Uranium
Capture for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Al-Anber Mohammed A. , Al-Qaisi Wala' , Al-Momani Idrees F. , Hijazi Ahmed K. , Sobola Dinara , Alhalasah Wasim , Al-Anber Zaid A.
Published: April 2024

Introduction::

This study synthesizes and characterizes a novel hybrid composite, SGdpm,
to capture UO2
2+ ions from water. The composite has successfully formed by hosting covalently
diphenylmethane-1,3-dione (dpm) within an inorganic silica gel matrix, showing promising potential
for environmental remediation and nuclear waste management.

Methods::

The preparation involved the reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) with diphenylmethane-
1,3-dione (dpm) under acidic conditions, resulting in white solids. The doped composite was
characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), revealing the presence of siloxane
and Si-O-C bonds. The application of SG-dpm for capturing UO2
2+ ions from water was investigated,
showing a shift in FTIR peaks and confirming the formation of SG-dpm-UO2
2+ as inner-sphere complexes.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a non-uniform distribution of particles, essential
for consistent behavior in applications such as adsorption.

Results and Discussion::

Batch sorption experiments demonstrated temperature-dependent sorption
behavior with increased efficiency at higher temperatures (T = 55°C). The study also explored the
influence of pH and initial concentration on UO2
2+ sorption, revealing optimal conditions at pH 5 and
lower initial concentrations (1.0 mg L-1). Kinetic studies using pseudo-second-order models indicated
a high efficiency of UO2
2+ ion removal (99%) as a chemisorption process. Intraparticle diffusion
models highlighted three distinct sorption stages. Sorption isotherm studies favored the Langmuir
model, emphasizing monolayer adsorption. The thermodynamic analysis suggested an endothermic
(ΔH = + 16.120 kJ mol-1) and spontaneous (ΔG = −25.113 to − 29.2449 kJ mol-1) sorption process.
Selectivity studies demonstrated high efficiency in capturing Cu2+, Co2+, and Cr3+ ions, high degree
selectivity of UO2
2+ ions (74%), moderate efficiency for Fe3+ and Zn2+, and lower efficiency for Pb2+,
Ni2+, and Cd2+, and poor efficiency for Mn2+ ions.

Conclusion:

SG-dpm exhibits promising potential for selective UO2
2+ ion removal, demonstrating
favorable characteristics for various applications, including environmental remediation and nuclear
waste management.
NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Novel Mediator in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Mahalanobish Sushweta , Ghosh Noyel , Sil Parames C.
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is marked by elevated mean pulmonary
arterial pressure, unfavorable vascular remodeling and right ventricular failure. Current
enormous amounts of clinical and preclinical data suggest the role of inflammation as a
crucial factor for PH onset and development by modulating both innate and adaptive
immune responses. In this context, NLRP3 inflammasome appears as a key step in the
signaling cascade that negatively regulates various PH-associated conditions by
inducing inflammatory outbursts. The activation of NLRP3 by pathogen-associated
molecular pattern molecules/damage-associated molecular pattern molecules and
caspase-1 mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 are the key
molecular events associated with NLRP3 inflammasomal pathway. Released IL-1β and
IL-18 bring about adverse consequences on the pulmonary vasculature and the
resulting onset of PH. Within this section, we will provide an in-depth understanding of
present pulmonary hypertension (PH) treatments and their shortcomings. We will also
discuss the contribution of NLRP3 inflammasomes in promoting inflammation within
the context of PH pathobiology, as well as explore potential therapeutic approaches to
target them.
Modulatory Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Heart Diseases: “An Enigma Wrapped in a Riddle”
Authors: Arora Anchal , Sharma Ravinder , Kanwar Navjot , Gupta Vikas , Kaur Gunpreet , Bansal Parveen , Kanwal Abhinav
Published: April 2024

Despite breakthroughs in therapy over the prior two decades, heart failure is
considered the foremost cause of mortality globally. The inflammasome plays a pivotal
role in the advancement of heart failure, abdominal aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis,
diabetic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling
and calcific aortic valve disease. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a crucial multi-protein
signaling platform that tightly regulates inflammatory responses. It regulates
antimicrobial host defense, which causes pyroptosis through caspase-1 activation by
the eventual production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The investigation of the
NLRP3 inflammasome in various cardiovascular diseases may reveal critical disease
triggers and endogenous modulators, leading to the development of new therapeutic
interventions in the future. The target of this chapter is to summarise the recent
literature describing the activation mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome by
implicating different inflammatory pathways in the pathophysiology of heart failure.
TB and Inflammasome: A Complex Relationship
Authors: Joon Monika , Yadav Manisha
Published: April 2024

The reputation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as one of the most
successful human pathogens has been corroborated bysignificant experimental and
clinical evidence. It infects the human host for long enough to co-evolve with the host,
developing a robust repertoire of effectors to evade the immune response of the host. It
has the capability to survive and multiply inside the very tools of the host immune
system that are employed to eradicate it. Granuloma is a classical structure formed as a
compensatory step in which both the host and the pathogen benefit partially. While a
lot of mycobacterial virulence factors like cell wall envelope components, secreted
proteins and dormancy regulon have been researched extensively, the comparatively
newer concepts of inflammasomes need much attention. This chapter is an attempt to
understand the complex relationship between the inflammasomes and Mtb in light of
recent studies. With the emerging problems of drug resistance in the treatment of Tb,
understanding the relationship between inflammasome and Mtb may present newer
avenues in the development of host-directed therapy (HDT) strategies for combating
Tb . 