bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhage and thrombosis in COVID-19-patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an international study based on the COVID-19 critical care consortium
Authors: Feth Maximilian , Weaver Natasha , Fanning Robert B. , Cho Sung-Min , Griffee Matthew J. , Panigada Mauro , Zaaqoq Akram M. , Labib Ahmed , Whitman Glenn J. R. , Arora Rakesh C. , Kim Bo S. , White Nicole , Suen Jacky Y. , Li Bassi Gianluigi , Peek Giles J. , Lorusso Roberto , Dalton Heidi , Fraser John F. , Fanning Jonathon P. ,   the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium, Bassi Gianluigi Li , Suen Jacky Y. , Dalton Heidi J. , Laffey John , Brodie Daniel , Fan Eddy , Torres Antoni , Chiumello Davide , Elhazmi Alyaa , Hodgson Carol , Ichiba Shingo , Luna Carlos , Murthy Srinivas , Nichol Alistair , Ng Pauline Yeung , Ogino Mark , Marwali Eva , Grasselli Giacomo , Bartlett Robert , Burrell Aidan , Elhadi Muhammed , Motos Anna , Barbé Ferran , Zanella Alberto , Fraser John F.
Published: May 2024

Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a rescue therapy in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19. While bleeding and thrombosis complicate ECMO, these events may also occur secondary to COVID-19. Data regarding bleeding and thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients on ECMO are sparse.

Methods

Using the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium database, we conducted a retrospective analysis on adult patients with severe COVID-19 requiring ECMO, including centers globally from 01/2020 to 06/2022, to determine the risk of ICU mortality associated with the occurrence of bleeding and clotting disorders.

Results

Among 1,248 COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO support in the registry, coagulation complications were reported in 469 cases (38%), among whom 252 (54%) experienced hemorrhagic complications, 165 (35%) thrombotic complications, and 52 (11%) both. The hazard ratio (HR) for Intensive Care Unit mortality was higher in those with hemorrhagic-only complications than those with neither complication (adjusted HR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.28–1.99, p < 0.001). Death was reported in 617 of the 1248 (49.4%) with multiorgan failure (n = 257 of 617 [42%]), followed by respiratory failure (n = 130 of 617 [21%]) and septic shock [n = 55 of 617 (8.9%)] the leading causes.

Conclusions

Coagulation disorders are frequent in COVID-19 ARDS patients receiving ECMO. Bleeding events contribute substantially to mortality in this cohort. However, this risk may be lower than previously reported in single-nation studies or early case reports.

Trial registration ACTRN12620000421932 (https://covid19.cochrane.org/studies/crs-13513201).
Exploring the efficacy of collaborative learning in a remote robotics laboratory: a comparative analysis of performance and pedagogical approaches
Authors: Teng Long , Tang Yuk Ming , Wu Raymond P. H. , Tsui Gary C. P. , Tsang Yung Po , Tang Chak Yin
Published: May 2024

In today's world, remote-controlled robots are widely used across various industries due to their ability to enhance working efficiency in various applications. Learning about robot operation and human–computer interaction has emerged as a popular topic in recent times. Indeed, learning robotics can be challenging for many students as it requires knowledge of programming, control systems, electronics, etc. Collaborative learning in a physical robotics setting is common in higher education and has received significant attention for its potential to enhance individual learning outcomes. However, the effectiveness of learning robotics in a remote setting is still a matter of debate. In this study, we establish a remote laboratory environment to teach undergraduate students in the engineering discipline. Students are required to utilize a robotic arm to grasp designated objects collaboratively among students through synchronous interactions online. To compare students’ performance under different pedagogical teaching approaches, students are divided into two groups. They each perform the task individually and collaboratively, albeit in a different order. Our study adopts a quantitative method to measure students' learning outcomes based on the assessment of performing the laboratory tasks and completion time. The results indicate a noteworthy improvement in the individual performance of the group of students who engage in collaborative work prior to the individual tasks. These findings have implications for other remote laboratory setups and highlight the effectiveness of collaborative learning in higher education.
Comparison of quantitative whole body PET parameters on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT using ordered Subset Expectation Maximization (OSEM) vs. bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithms in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Ayati Narjess , McIntosh Lachlan , Buteau James , Alipour Ramin , Pudis Michal , Daw Nicholas , Jackson Price , Hofman Michael S.
Published: May 2024

Background

PSMA PET/CT is a predictive and prognostic biomarker for determining response to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Thresholds defined to date may not be generalizable to newer image reconstruction algorithms. Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithm is a novel reconstruction algorithm that may improve contrast whilst preventing introduction of image noise. The aim of this study is to compare the quantitative parameters obtained using BPL and the Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization (OSEM) reconstruction algorithms.

Methods

Fifty consecutive patients with mCRPC who underwent [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT using OSEM reconstruction to assess suitability for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy were selected. BPL algorithm was then used retrospectively to reconstruct the same PET raw data. Quantitative and volumetric measurements such as tumour standardised uptake value (SUV)max, SUVmean and Molecular Tumour Volume (MTV-PSMA) were calculated on both reconstruction methods. Results were compared (Bland-Altman, Pearson correlation coefficient) including subgroups with low and high-volume disease burdens (MTV-PSMA cut-off 40 mL).

Results

The SUVmax and SUVmean were higher, and MTV-PSMA was lower in the BPL reconstructed images compared to the OSEM group, with a mean difference of 8.4 (17.5%), 0.7 (8.2%) and − 21.5 mL (-3.4%), respectively. There was a strong correlation between the calculated SUVmax, SUVmean, and MTV-PSMA values in the OSEM and BPL reconstructed images (Pearson r values of 0.98, 0.99, and 1.0, respectively). No patients were reclassified from low to high volume disease or vice versa when switching from OSEM to BPL reconstruction.

Conclusions

[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT quantitative and volumetric parameters produced by BPL and OSEM reconstruction methods are strongly correlated. Differences are proportional and small for SUVmean, which is used as a predictive biomarker. Our study suggests that both reconstruction methods are acceptable without clinical impact on quantitative or volumetric findings. For longitudinal comparison, committing to the same reconstruction method would be preferred to ensure consistency.
High-fat diet, microbiome-gut-brain axis signaling, and anxiety-like behavior in male rats
Authors: de Noronha Sylvana I. S. Rendeiro , de Moraes Lauro Angelo Gonçalves , Hassell James E. , Stamper Christopher E. , Arnold Mathew R. , Heinze Jared D. , Foxx Christine L. , Lieb Margaret M. , Cler Kristin E. , Karns Bree L. , Jaekel Sophia , Loupy Kelsey M. , Silva Fernanda C. S. , Chianca- Deoclécio Alves , Lowry Christopher A. , de Menezes Rodrigo Cunha
Published: May 2024

Obesity, associated with the intake of a high-fat diet (HFD), and anxiety are common among those living in modern urban societies. Recent studies suggest a role of microbiome-gut-brain axis signaling, including a role for brain serotonergic systems in the relationship between HFD and anxiety. Evidence suggests the gut microbiome and the serotonergic brain system together may play an important role in this response. Here we conducted a nine-week HFD protocol in male rats, followed by an analysis of the gut microbiome diversity and community composition, brainstem serotonergic gene expression (tph2, htr1a, and slc6a4), and anxiety-related defensive behavioral responses. We show that HFD intake decreased alpha diversity and altered the community composition of the gut microbiome in association with obesity, increased brainstem tph2, htr1a and slc6a4 mRNA expression, including in the caudal part of the dorsomedial dorsal raphe nucleus (cDRD), a subregion previously associated with stress- and anxiety-related behavioral responses, and, finally, increased anxiety-related defensive behavioral responses. The HFD increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio relative to control diet, as well as higher relative abundances of Blautia, and decreases in Prevotella. We found that tph2, htr1a and slc6a4 mRNA expression were increased in subregions of the dorsal raphe nucleus in the HFD, relative to control diet. Specific bacterial taxa were associated with increased serotonergic gene expression in the cDRD. Thus, we propose that HFD-induced obesity is associated with altered microbiome-gut-serotonergic brain axis signaling, leading to increased anxiety-related defensive behavioral responses in rats.
Composition of staff teams in early childhood education and care centres in nine countries
Authors: Shuey Elizabeth A. , Jamet Stéphanie
Published: May 2024

This study draws on data from TALIS Starting Strong 2018, an international survey of early childhood education and care (ECEC) staff and leaders, to examine the staff roles (leader, teacher, assistant, specialised staff, intern, other) that are included in ECEC centres in nine countries: Chile, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Israel, Japan, Korea, Norway and Türkiye. The staffing profiles in ECEC centres are compared across countries as well as within countries, according to whether the centre was co-located with a primary school, its size in terms of the number of children enrolled, and the concentration of children with special needs and those from socio-economically disadvantaged homes. In addition, associations between the share of teachers and assistants in ECEC centres and staff reports of their time working on tasks without children, their collaboration with colleagues, their work-related stress and job satisfaction were examined. Results are discussed in terms of the different policy contexts in the participating countries and implications for building an ECEC workforce to address demands for both increased access to and better ECEC quality for children.
Lidar-derived estimates of forest structure in response to fire frequency
Authors: Ross C. Wade , Loudermilk E. Louise , O’Brien Joseph J. , Flanagan Steven A. , McDaniel Jennifer , Aubrey Doug P. , Lowe Tripp , Hiers J. Kevin , Skowronski Nicholas S.
Published: May 2024

Background

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystems are recognized as biodiversity hotspots, and their sustainability is tightly coupled to a complex nexus of feedbacks between fire, composition, and structure. While previous research has demonstrated that frequent fire is often associated with higher levels of biodiversity, relationships between fire frequency and forest structure are more nuanced because structure can be difficult to measure and characterize. We expanded on this body of research by using lidar to characterize vegetation structure in response to fire frequency at a long-term prescribed-fire experiment. We asked (1) how does prescribed fire frequency affect structure and (2) how do structural metrics vary in the strength of their relationships with fire frequency.

Results

Our results indicated that forest structure varied significantly in response to fire frequency, with more frequent fire reducing vegetation structural complexity. Metrics that characterized the central tendency of vegetation and/or the variance of canopy-related properties were weakly to moderately correlated with prescribed fire frequency, while metrics that captured the vertical dispersion or variability of vegetation throughout the forest strata were moderately to strongly correlated with fire frequency. Of all the metrics evaluated, the understory complexity index had the strongest correlation with fire frequency and explained 88% of the structural variation in response to prescribed fire treatments.

Conclusions

The findings presented in this study highlight the usefulness of lidar technology for characterizing forest structure and that structural complexity cannot be fully characterized by a single metric. Instead, a range of diverse metrics is required to refine scientific understanding of the feedbacks between fire, composition, and structure in support of longleaf pine sustainability. Furthermore, there is a need for further research to broaden structural assessments beyond the overstory and incorporate more understory components, particularly within the realm of prescribed fire science and land management.
Current concept: personalized alignment total knee arthroplasty as a contrast to classical mechanical alignment total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Hiranaka Takafumi
Published: May 2024

Mechanical alignment (MA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with neutral leg alignment, mechanical component alignment, and parallel gaps, has achieved good long-term survival. Patient satisfaction, however, is not always perfect. In contrast to the MA, which aims for an ideal goal for all patients, an alternative has been proposed: kinematic alignment (KA)-TKA. In KA, the articular surface is replicated using components aligning with the three kinematic axes. KA-TKA has been gaining popularity, and in addition to the true or calipered KA, various derivatives, such as restricted KA, soft-tissue respecting KA, and functional alignments, have been introduced. Moreover, the functional approach encompasses several sub-approaches. This somewhat complicated scenario has led to some confusion. Therefore, the terminology needs to be re-organized. The term “personalized alignment (PA)” has been used in contrast to the MA approach, including all approaches other than MA. The term “PA-TKA” should be used comprehensively instead of KA and it represents the recent trends in distinct and unique consideration of each individual case. In addition to a comparison between MA and KA, we suggest that evaluation should be conducted to decide which approach is the best for an individual patient within the “personalized alignment” concept.
Alternative grading practices in undergraduate STEM education: a scoping review
Authors: Hackerson Emily L. , Slominski Tara , Johnson Nekeisha , Buncher John B. , Ismael Safana , Singelmann Lauren , Leontyev Alexey , Knopps Alexander G. , McDarby Ariana , Nguyen Jonathan J. , Condry Danielle L. J. , Nyachwaya James M. , Wissman Kathryn T. , Falkner William , Grieger Krystal , Montplaisir Lisa , Hodgson Angela , Momsen Jennifer L.
Published: May 2024

Alternative grading strategies are increasingly popular in higher education, but research into the outcomes of these strategies is limited. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the relevant research regarding alternative grading strategies in undergraduate STEM and identify gaps in the literature to inform future research. This scoping review was done using the stages as described by Arksey and O’Malley (Int J Soc Res Methodol 8(1):19–32, 2005). The results of this review indicate there is a lack of consensus on the theoretical foundation for the benefits of alternative grading and, therefore, limited validated tools being used to capture these benefits. Additionally, we find that research into alternative grading methods tends to occur in both disciplinary and practice-based silos.
Prevention of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy: literature review of potential pharmacological interventions
Authors: Mahmoud Aalaa Mahmoud Ahmed Shawqi , El Said Nouran Omar , Shash Emad , Ateyya Hayam
Published: May 2024

Background

Paclitaxel administration is considered a keystone in the management of many types of cancers. However, paclitaxel chemotherapy often leads to peripheral neuropathy which is the most prominent adverse effect that reduces the patient’s quality of life and demands dose reduction leading to decreased disease curing. Paclitaxel induces peripheral neuropathy through disruption of microtubules, distorted function of ion channels, axonal degeneration, and inflammatory events. So far, there is no standard medication to prevent the incidence of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN).

Main body

Numerous preclinical studies in rats and rodents showed that several therapeutic agents have neuroprotective mechanisms and reduce the incidence of PIPN, proving their effectiveness in the prevention of PIPN in animal models. Different mechanisms, such as reduction of the expression of inflammatory mediators, quenching of reactive oxygen species, prevention of neuronal damage, and other mechanisms, have been explored. Moreover, many clinical trials have further established the neuroprotective effect of several investigational drugs on PIPN. Twenty preclinical studies of pharmacological interventions were reviewed for their preventive effect on neuropathy. These medications targeted cannabinoid receptors, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and ion channels. Additionally, 25 clinical studies with pharmacological preventive interventions of PIPN have been reviewed, of which only 10 showed preventive action in PIPN.

Conclusion

Prevention of PIPN is currently considered an emergent field of research. This review highlights the potential interventions and presents recent findings from both preclinical and clinical studies on the significant prevention of PIPN to help in effective decision-making. However, further well-designed research is required to ascertain recommendations for clinical practice.
Sonographic assessment of the diaphragm in COVID 19 and non-COVID ICU patients
Authors: Mousa Hany Hussein , Hamed Merna Magdi , Omar Magdi Mohamed , Foda Haitham Mesbah , Allam Amira Hussein
Published: May 2024

Background

Sonographic evaluation of the diaphragm has gained popularity in the ICU due to the necessity of assessing diaphragmatic function in a variety of clinical situations. The sonographic examination of diaphragmatic dynamics in ICU patients by measuring diaphragmatic thickness and excursion in connection to various modalities of mechanical ventilation (MV) and patient outcomes was the objective of this study.

Methods

This prospective observational study was carried out on 50 patients in respiratory ICU in Kafr Elsheikh and Benha University Hospitals. Patients were classified into 2 equal groups: COVID-19 group and non-COVID group. All patients underwent ultrasound assessment included the diaphragm thickness fraction and excursion in ICU patients on admission and on weaning.

Results

Successful weaning (SW) was higher in group I compared to group II. In group I (COVID), diaphragm excursion, thickness at end inspiration and at end expiration in NIV at weaning were significantly higher in patients with SW but thickness at end expiration on admission was significantly lower. In group II (non-COVID) MV patients, excursion at weaning was significantly higher in patients with SW, also were thickness at end inspiration and end expiration on admission, thickness at end inspiration and end expiration at weaning in NIV patients but thickness at end inspiration in MV on admission was significantly lower.

Conclusion

Weaning success and mortality were significantly predicted by excursion in NIV at weaning, thickness at end inspiration in MV at weaning, thickness at end inspiration in NIV at weaning, and thickness at end expiration in MV at weaning.
Study on the resistance coefficient of hot dry rock cuttings in Herschel-Bulkley fluid: experiments and modeling
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Jinhui , Zhao Jianjun , Wang Shuolong , Chu Zheng
Published: May 2024

Most hot dry rock geothermal wells are small angle directional wells, and rock cuttings easily accumulate at the bottom of the borehole to form a cuttings bed, causing accidents such as drill sticking, reducing the rate of penetration, and drilling tool breakage. Accurately calculating the resistance coefficient and settling velocity of hot dry rock cuttings can improve cuttings transportation efficiency, design and optimize drilling hydraulic parameters, and is crucial to solving borehole cleaning problems. Through visual experiments, this paper obtained experimental data on the settlement of 167 groups of spherical pellets, 153 groups of granite cuttings, and 174 groups of carbonate cuttings in the Herschel-Bulkley fluid. First, a prediction model for the resistance coefficient of spherical pellets consistent with Herschel-Bulkley fluid was established. Based on this, form factor-Roundness is introduced as the starting point, and two prediction models for the resistance coefficients of granite cuttings and carbonate cuttings in the Herschel-Bulkley fluid were established. The average relative errors between the resistance coefficient model predictions and experimental measurements are 9.61% for granite cuttings and 6.59% for carbonate cuttings. The average relative errors between the predicted and measured values of settlement velocity are 7.27% for granite cuttings and 6.21% for carbonate cuttings, respectively, which verifies the accuracy and reliability of the prediction model. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and engineering application guidance for optimizing drilling fluid rheology and circulation displacement in engineering.
A case of mitral regurgitation due to bilateral undifferentiated papillary muscles with detailed preoperative diagnosis of associated morphological abnormalities
Authors: Hayama Masato , Ito Chihaya , Morita Yuichi , Shimizu Masayuki , Furui Masato , Matsumura Hitoshi , Hayashida Yoshio , Sumi Mizuki , Kuwahara Go , Eishi Kiyoyuki , Wada Hideichi
Published: May 2024

Incomplete differentiation of the mitral valve structures during fetal life results in the papillary muscles and tendon cords becoming hypoplastic, a condition termed undifferentiated papillary muscles (UDPM). This fetal abnormality causes a group of diseases that cause mitral valve dysfunction in adult life. Here, we report a case of UDPM centered on the medial posterior apex in which detailed morphological abnormalities were diagnosed preoperatively using echocardiography and three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) analysis, contributing to plastic surgery.

The patient was a 64-year-old man who was followed up for several years for atrial functional mitral regurgitation (MR), ultimately developing heart failure. His MR was severe, and he was referred for surgery.

Echocardiography revealed restrictive tendon cords primarily in the posterior apex, abnormal muscle bundles in the lower part of the valve, and findings indicative of UDPM; this was considered the main cause of MR. The patient had surgery findings similar to the preoperative diagnosis, which greatly aided the surgery. Postoperatively, the MR was well-controlled and mild.

UDPM may present as various morphologic and functional abnormalities, including partial club-shaped tendinous MR and rheumatoid mitral stenosis, which are rarely accurately diagnosed preoperatively. Detailed analysis of morphological abnormalities using 3DCT or other methods may be beneficial for a successful plasty.
Response characteristics and detectability of pegmatitic rare-metal deposits using different grounded-wire configurations
Authors: Zhou Nannan , Zhang Shun , Wei Xinhao
Published: May 2024

The differential electrical dipole (DED) and differentially normalized electromagnetic method (DNME) have a stronger transverse magnetic field than the horizontal electric dipole (HED) and, thus, have been successfully used for resource exploration in conductive ocean environments. However, which of these two is more suitable for the exploration of resistive targets on land, such as pegmatite veins and ore-related mafic and ultramafic intrusions in mineral deposits, remains unknown. Thus, we conduct a comparative study of the DED, DNME, and HED based on forward modeling and application to a field survey. The signal amplitude of the horizontal electric field measured using the DED and DNME is substantially weaker than that obtained via the HED with the same source length and transmitting current. The lateral variation in the horizontal electric field response observed via the DNME reflects the change in the shallow electrical structure, indicating the spatial distribution of pegmatite veins, as verified by the 3D simulation results and data obtained in a field survey of pegmatitic rare-metal deposits in Lushi County, China. The DED and DNME exhibit similar abilities for detecting resistive targets. Both methods show higher detectability than HED based on 3D synthetic modeling. Our results indicate that the DNME, with its higher responses and better lateral resolution, is a better choice in field surveys on land than the DED.
Capecitabine or Capecitabine Plus Oxaliplatin Versus Fluorouracil Plus Cisplatin in Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (CRTCOESC): A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Jia Ruinuo , Shan Tanyou , Zheng Anping , Zhang Yaowen , Lu Ping , Zhang Guifang , Wang Feng , Xu Zhiqiao , Zheng Guobao , Tang Dongxia , Zhang Weiguo , Li Wanying , Li Ruonan , Guo Yibo , Liu Lina , Luo Xiaoyong , Zheng Yingjuan , Chang Zhiwei , Wang Qiming , Wang Xinshuai , Yuan Xiaozhi , Kong Guoqiang , Li Shuoguo , Yang Ruina , Zhou Dan , Ren Jing , Yin Weijiao , Li Jingxia , Zhang Junqian , Wang Ziqi , Sheng Manxi , Xu Bingyi , Li Liuyan , Liu Xiaoyi , Lu Zhihao , Wan Lixin , Zhou Fuyou , Gao Shegan
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE

This phase 3 trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of capecitabine or capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) with those of fluorouracil plus cisplatin (PF) in definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (DCRT) for inoperable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

METHODS

Patients were randomly assigned to receive two cycles of capecitabine, XELOX, or PF along with concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Patients in each arm were again randomly assigned to receive two cycles of consolidation chemotherapy or not. The primary end points were 2-year overall survival (OS) rate and incidence of grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs).

RESULTS

A total of 246 patients were randomly assigned into the capecitabine (n = 80), XELOX (n = 85), and PF (n = 81) arms. In capecitabine, XELOX, and PF arms, the 2-year OS rate was 75%, 66.7%, and 70.9% (capecitabine v PF: hazard ratio [HR], 0.91 [95% CI, 0.61 to 1.35]; nominal P = .637; XELOX v PF: 0.86 [95% CI, 0.58 to 1.27]; P = .444); the median OS was 40.9 (95% CI, 34.4 to 49.9), 41.9 (95% CI, 28.6 to 52.1), and 35.4 (95% CI, 30.4 to 45.4) months. The incidence of grade ≥3 AEs during the entire treatment was 28.8%, 36.5%, and 45.7%, respectively. Comparing the consolidation chemotherapy with the nonconsolidation chemotherapy groups, the median OS was 41.9 (95% CI, 34.6 to 52.8) versus 36.9 (95% CI, 28.5 to 44) months (HR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.99]; nominal P = .0403).

CONCLUSION

Capecitabine or XELOX did not significantly improve the 2-year OS rate over PF in DCRT for inoperable locally advanced ESCC. Capecitabine showed a lower incidence of grade ≥3 AEs than PF did.
Lethal Capecitabine Toxicity in Patients With Complete Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency Due to Ultra-Rare DPYD Variants
Authors: van Kuilenburg André B.P. , Pleunis-van Empel Marjolein C.H. , Brouwer Rick B. , Sijben Angelique E.J. , Knapen Daan G. , Oude Munnink Thijs H. , van Zanden Jelmer J. , Janssens-Puister Jenny , Dobritzsch Doreen , Meinsma Rutger , Meijer-Jansen Judith , van Dooren Silvy J.M. , Vijzelaar Raymon , Pop Ana , Salomons Gajja S. , Maring Jan Gerard , Niezen-Koning Klary E.
Published: May 2024

A DPD deficiency should be considered in case of severe toxicity even in the absence of common risk variants in DPYD.
Verapamil-Loaded Cubosomes for Enhancing Intranasal Drug Delivery: Development, Characterization, Ex Vivo Permeation, and Brain Biodistribution Studies
Authors: Faisal Mennatullah M. , Gomaa Eman , Ibrahim Adel Ehab , El Deeb Sami , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Ibrahim Tarek M.
Published: May 2024

Verapamil hydrochloride (VRP), an antihypertensive calcium channel blocker drug has limited bioavailability and short half-life when taken orally. The present study was aimed at developing cubosomes containing VRP for enhancing its bioavailability and targeting to brain for cluster headache (CH) treatment as an off-label use. Factorial design was conducted to analyze the impact of different components on entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), and percent drug release. Various in-vitro characterizations were performed followed by pharmacokinetic and brain targeting studies. The results revealed the significant impact of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) on increasing EE%, PS, and ZP of cubosomes with a negative influence on VRP release. The remarkable effect of Poloxamer 407 (P407) on decreasing EE%, PS, and ZP of cubosomes was observed besides its influence on accelerating VRP release%. The DSC thermograms indicated the successful entrapment of the amorphous state of VRP inside the cubosomes. The design suggested an optimized formulation containing GMO (50% w/w) and P407 (5.5% w/w). Such formulation showed a significant increase in drug permeation through nasal mucosa with high Er value (2.26) when compared to VRP solution. Also, the histopathological study revealed the safety of the utilized components used in the cubosomes preparation. There was a significant enhancement in the VRP bioavailability when loaded in cubosomes owing to its sustained release favored by its direct transport to brain. The I.N optimized formulation had greater BTE% and DTP% at 183.53% and 90.19%, respectively in comparison of 41.80% and 59% for the I.N VRP solution.

Graphical Abstract
Doppler-Derived Renal Functional Reserve in the Prediction of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Robotic Surgery
Authors: Villa Gianluca , Samoni Sara , Muzzi Mirko , Fabbri Sergio , Husain-Syed Faeq , Tofani Lorenzo , Allinovi Marco , Paparella Laura , Spatafora Pietro , Di Costanzo Roberto , Ricci Zaccaria , Serni Sergio , Romagnoli Stefano
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) is a frequent complication after surgery. Various tools have been proposed to identify patients at high risk for AKI, including preoperative serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary cell cycle arrest, and tubular damage biomarkers; however, none of these can appropriately assess AKI risk before surgery. Renal functional reserve (RFR) screened by the Doppler-derived intraparenchymal renal resistive index variation (IRRIV) test has been proposed to identify patients at risk for AKI before a kidney insult. IRRIV test has been developed in healthy individuals and previously investigated in cardiac surgery patients. This study aims to evaluate the value of the IRRIV test in identifying PO-AKI among patients undergoing robotic abdominal surgery in the Trendelenburg position for pelvic oncological disease.

METHODS:

We performed a prospective, double-blinded, observational study. Preoperative baseline renal function and RFR were assessed in 53 patients with baseline eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2, undergoing robotic surgery in the Trendelenburg position for pelvic oncological disease. The capability of Doppler-derived RFR in predicting PO-AKI was investigated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC).

RESULTS:

Approximately 15.1% of patients developed AKI within the first 3 postoperative days. Thirty-one (58.5%) patients had a physiologic delta-RRI (ie, ≥0.05), while 22 (41.5%) patients did not. The ROC-AUC for PO-AKI was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.97; P = .007) for serum creatinine, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.71–0.96; P = .006) for eGFR, and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.78–0.91; P = .017) for delta-RRI. When combined with eGFR, the ROC-AUC for delta-RRI was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.9–1).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings show that the preoperative assessment of Doppler-derived RFR combined with baseline renal function improves the capability of identifying patients at high risk for PO-AKI with eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 after robotic abdominal surgery in Trendelenburg position for pelvic oncological disease.
Predictors for Long-Term Survival After Resection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Javed Ammar A. , Mahmud Omar , Fatimi Asad Saulat , Habib Alyssar , Grewal Mahip , He Jin , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Besselink Marc G. ,   for the PANC-PALS Consortium
Published: May 2024

Background

Improved systemic therapy has made long term (≥ 5 years) overall survival (LTS) after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) increasingly common. However, a systematic review on predictors of LTS following resection of PDAC is lacking.

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were systematically searched from inception until March 2023. Studies reporting actual survival data (based on follow-up and not survival analysis estimates) on factors associated with LTS were included. Meta-analyses were conducted by using a random effects model, and study quality was gauged by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results

Twenty-five studies with 27,091 patients (LTS: 2,132, non-LTS: 24,959) who underwent surgical resection for PDAC were meta-analyzed. The median proportion of LTS patients was 18.32% (IQR 12.97–21.18%) based on 20 studies. Predictors for LTS included sex, body mass index (BMI), preoperative levels of CA19-9, CEA, and albumin, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, tumor grade, AJCC stage, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, pathologic T-stage, nodal disease, metastatic disease, margin status, adjuvant therapy, vascular resection, operative time, operative blood loss, and perioperative blood transfusion. Most articles received a “good” NOS assessment, indicating an acceptable risk of bias.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis pools all true follow up data in the literature to quantify associations between prognostic factors and LTS after resection of PDAC. While there appears to be evidence of a complex interplay between risk, tumor biology, patient characteristics, and management related factors, no single parameter can predict LTS after the resection of PDAC.
Sport Psychology: Principles and Practices for Sports Medicine Physicians
Authors: Grunberg Neil E. , Doorley James D. , Barry Erin S.
Published: May 2024

Sport psychology is the scientific study and application of psychological principles to enhance performance and well-being in sport, exercise, and physical activity. It has numerous applications to sports medicine, as psychological factors are associated with sport injury risk, recovery, successful return to play, and overall health. This article addresses how sport psychology is important to sports medicine and what applied sport psychologists do. We discuss several psychological principles and practices relevant to individual performance and well-being, including goal setting, communication, arousal and performance, imagery/mental rehearsal, attention management, managing psychological distress, and behavioral health. We also discuss principles and practices of sport psychology relevant to team performance, including stages of team development, goal setting, communication, arousal and performance, and behavioral health. Sport psychology and applied sport psychology practitioners can be valued assets to sports medicine teams in supporting individual and team performance and injury recovery.
The Economic Constitution of the United States
Authors: Sunstein Cass R.
Published: May 2024

The United States has an Economic Constitution, governing federal regulation, and explaining how to conduct regulatory impact analysis, with reference to quantification and monetization of the costs and benefits of proposed and final regulations. Known as OMB Circular A-4, the Economic Constitution of the United States was thoroughly revised in 2023, with new directions on behavioral economics and nudging; on discount rates and effects on future generations; on distributional effects and how to account for them; and on benefits and costs that are hard or impossible to quantify. The revised document leaves numerous open questions, involving (for example) the valuation of human life, the valuation of morbidity effects, and the value of the lives of children.
Considering the composite tree attributes extracted by UAV can improve the accuracy of street tree species classification
Authors: Tang Hongying , Miao Fan , Yang Jie , Wu Bingyu , Zhang Qi , Hao Hongke
Published: May 2024

Identifying simple tree attributes of street trees, i.e., tree height, crown width and crown height obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), plays a significant role in urban management to maximize the ecological benefits of street trees. However, simple attributes usually fluctuate over a wide range due to differences in tree-age and growing environment, leading to inconspicuous interspecific features and low classification accuracy. Composite attributes, expressed by two or more simple attributes, can be used to reduce the variability in simple tree attributes, thus providing an alternative to improve the accuracy of street tree classification. In this study, we examined the classification effects of simple attributes and simple-composite attribute combinations by back propagation (BP) neural network, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM). The results showed that (1) the values obtained by UAVs and observations were highly consistent and R2 values for tree height, east-west crown width, north-south crown width and crown height were 0.90, 0.87, 0.78 and 0.76, respectively. The relative errors of tree height were the most stable among different tree species, followed by the crown height, east-west crown width and north-south crown width. (2) Compared to simple attributes, composite attributes displayed significant differences among street tree species, and these differences were helpful for identifying street tree species that could not be identified with simple attributes. (3) The accuracy of tree species identification after including corresponding composite attributes can be improved by 29.7% (kappa coefficient improved by 0.34) compared with only using simple attributes. The results suggested that consideration of composite attributes in street tree species classification reduced the mistakes for identifying tree species, thus providing a new approach for identifying street tree species and managing street trees efficiently.
Christocentric Exegesis in The Letters of St. Jerome. Based on Selected Examples
Authors: Łukaszczyk Michał
Published: May 2024

This article presents examples of typological, prosopological and allegorical exegesis contained in the Letters of Jerome of Stridon. They concern Christocentric interpretation - showing how Christ is present in the texts referred to. In carrying out his Christocentric exegesis, the Monk of Bethlehem draws on the works of Origen and combines the wealth of the Alexandrian and Antiochian schools. All this makes Stridonian's interpretation extremely profound and characterised by a particular reference to Christ. The exegesis present in the Epistles fits in with that of the other Church Fathers. It must be emphasised that the biblical interpretation of the Author of the Vulgate made a special contribution to the development of Christology and eschatology.
On the origin of toponym Rajgród
Authors: Kregždys Rolandas
Published: May 2024

ON THE ORIGIN OF THE TOPONYM RAJGRÓD
The article focuses on the etymological analysis of the place-name Pol. Rajgród ‘a town in Grajewo County, Podlaskie Voivodeship’. It has been stated that the stronghold known as the “Castle Hill” in Rajgród was founded by Yotvingians. Referring to the etymological analysis of the West Germanic forms of the analysed onym and its variants, such as Rongart 1360 etc., the author of the article presents a new hypothesis concerning the origin of Pol. Rajgród. In summing up the research results, one may conclude that the toponym Pol. Rajgród is to be ascribed to adapted place-names of Germanic origin, i. e. (1) CS Раи1253 ← top. *Rain / *Rein (/ *Reyn) ‘a frontier’ ↔ top. MLG †Reyne 1292, 1293, 1489; (2) Raygrod 1244, Reygrod 1429 etc. (↔ Rajgród) ← *Reingarden / *Reingart(h) ‘a frontier area’; (3) Rongart 1360, Rogors 1422 etc. ← sub. MLG ronne(bôm) ‘a border pole, i.e. a frontier, a march’.
El Acuerdo de Paz y el Acuerdo de Escazú para la protección de las personas defensoras del ambiente en Colombia
Authors: Quintero Giraldo Camilo , Lozano Amaya María Alejandra , Zapata Oriana , Díaz José Luis
Published: May 2024

En este capítulo se presenta un análisis del ODS 16 sobre paz, justicia e instituciones sólidas, como principal eje de once de los pactos del PND, en consonancia con los estándares del Acuerdo de Escazú y bajo el marco de la implementación del Acuerdo de Paz en Colombia. Así mismo, se visibilizan las realidades y las respuestas de las personas defensoras del ambiente frente a los riesgos latentes, a partir de la narración de las particularidades de la problemática en las zonas rurales y su relación con las respuestas estatales con las que se cuenta en los territorios, los sistemas de comunicación, las medidas efectivas de protección y las fortalezas del enfoque diferencial frente a la vulneración de derechos humanos de las personas defensoras del ambiente. Finalmente, se propone una caracterización de los entornos seguros y propicios para la defensa del ambiente en Colombia.
Alianzas entre Gobiernos y sociedad civil, democracia ambiental y desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Madrigal Cordero Patricia
Published: May 2024

Este capítulo procura analizar el proceso de proposición, elaboración, negociación y adopción del Acuerdo Regional sobre el Acceso a la Información, la Participación Pública y el Acceso a la Justicia en Asuntos Ambientales en América Latina y el Caribe, conocido como el Acuerdo de Escazú, como un ejemplo de alianzas entre los Gobiernos y la sociedad civil para el fortalecimiento de la democracia ambiental y el desarrollo sostenible. Alianzas que se identifican como un cambio transformativo que promueve, a la vez, el cumplimiento de los ODS.
Influence of job satisfaction components on staff performance in the emergency department
Authors: Al Smadi Audai Naji Khaled , Amaran Safiya , Abugabah Ahed , bin Yaacob Najib Majdi , Bin Wan Wan Pauzi
Published: May 2024

Background/Aims

The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance has been well-established in healthcare research. This study aimed to measure job satisfaction and performance among staff working in emergency departments in Jordan, and to explore the association between these two variables, focusing on the different components of job satisfaction.

Methods

A cross-sectional design with a convenience sampling approach was used, recruiting 286 staff working across 11 emergency departments in Jordan. Participants completed a questionnaire comprising validated scales to measure job satisfaction and job performance. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Cronbach's alpha and multiple regression analysis were used, via the SPSS version 25, to explore the relationship between job performance and different components of job satisfaction.

Results

Mean scores on the job satisfaction and job performance scales indicated that participants were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their jobs, but had high perceived job performance levels. Multiple regression showed a significant positive relationship between three job satisfaction dimensions (colleagues' communication and relationship: B=0.16; physical environment and workplace safety: B=0.28; supervisor support: B=0.17) and perceived job performance (P<0.001). There was a small but insignificant association between job performance and the compensation and promotion dimension of job satisfaction (B=−0.05, P=0.192).

Conclusions

This study supports previous evidence indicating that job satisfaction is positively linked with job performance, although compensation and promotion may not be a strong predictor of job performance in an emergency department context. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of strategies to improve job satisfaction among healthcare professionals.
An Ensemble Approach To Face Recognition In Access Control Systems
Authors: Opanasenko Volodymyr Mykolaevich , Fazilov Shavkat Khayrullaevich , Mirzaev Olimjon Nomazovich , Kakharov Shukrullo Sa’dullo ugli
Published: May 2024

The article proposes a method for recognizing faces in mobile devices, based on an ensemble approach to solving the problem of pattern recognition, which ensures high accuracy of results. According to this approach, the basic algorithm is decomposed into two operators: a recognition operator and a decision rule. The recognition operator calculates estimates of the proximity of the tested object to the given classes. The decision rule, based on these estimates, determines whether the tested object belongs to one of the given classes. The ensemble of recognizing operators is formed in the form of a linear polynomial. The values of the polynomial parameters are calculated based on the solution of the multiparameter optimization problem. Experimental studies were carried out using open databases of facial images. When conducting experiments, it was assumed that two options for using basic algorithms would be implemented: separate and ensemble. The accuracy of recognizing objects in the control sample using an ensemble of recognition operators turned out to be higher compared to the accuracy of the best basic recognition algorithm.
The proposed face recognition method can be used in mobile devices, in particular, to verify users when remotely accessing information resources that limited access status.
“Se essa rua fosse minha”:
Authors: Evangelista Ana Carla , Debiasi Rose Elke
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo aborda a importância da Rua João Pessoa, Aracaju, para a construção da identidade do povo aracajuano. Dito isso, nosso principal objetivo é identificar os principais usos, memórias e transformações da rua entre os anos de 1943 e 2020. Por meio de questionários, aplicado via Google Forms, buscamos compreender a relação de pertencimento existente entre os moradores e o patrimônio edificado da Rua João Pessoa. O pano de fundo do artigo é a preocupação com a preservação do patrimônio edificado, bem como o papel deste na construção da memória e da identidade do aracajuano. Para tal intento, foi imprescindível a utilização de um arcabouço teórico interdisciplinar (História, Patrimônio, Arquitetura, Educação), em diálogo com a Museologia. Finalmente, cabe dizer que este trabalho também visa colaborar com os trabalhos de educação patrimonial, podendo servir como base para futuras produções a respeito do tema abordado.
Das ruas para o museu:
Authors: Ferrão Coutinho Natasha
Published: May 2024

O artigo pretende refletir sobre os caminhos da musealização da manifestação carnavalesca conhecida como desfile de bate-bola, declarado pela Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro, como Patrimônio Cultural Carioca, por meio do Decreto Municipal n° 35.134/2012. Será feita uma análise do ato de musealizar um patrimônio cultural de natureza imaterial registrado por um suporte material, uma fotografia artística, exibida na atual exposição de longa duração do Museu do Pontal, instituição museal de arte popular brasileira, fundada no Rio de Janeiro, em 1995. Para a elaboração da pesquisa, deste artigo, a autora visitou as dependências e exposição de longa duração da nova sede do Museu do Pontal, situada na Barra da Tijuca, Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro, e acessou os websites antigo e atual do Museu. Previamente, a autora teve a oportunidade de visitar a sede anterior do Museu Casa do Pontal (2011), por isso, foi possível fazer uma análise comparativa do novo momento da instituição, cujas instalações foram transferidas para a Barra da Tijuca em 2021.