bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biogenesis and Function of circRNAs in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Songzi , Hu Wenjie , Lv Changjun , Song Xiaodong
Published: February 2024

Pulmonary fibrosis is a class of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases caused by many
pathogenic factors inside and outside the lung, with unknown mechanisms and without effective
treatment. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism implicated in
pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis is urgently needed to develop new and effective measures. Although
circRNAs have been widely acknowledged as new contributors to the occurrence and development
of diseases, only a small number of circRNAs have been functionally characterized in
pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we systematically review the biogenesis and functions of circRNAs and
focus on how circRNAs participate in pulmonary fibrogenesis by influencing various cell fates.
Meanwhile, we analyze the current exploration of circRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker, vaccine,
and therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis and objectively discuss the challenges of circRNA-
based therapy for pulmonary fibrosis. We hope that the review of the implication of circRNAs
will provide new insights into the development circRNA-based approaches to treat pulmonary
fibrosis.
Transcription Factor MAZ Potentiates the Upregulated NEIL3-mediated Aerobic Glycolysis, thereby Promoting Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Fabiao , Wang Binfeng , Zhang Wenlong , Xu Yongfu , Zhang Caiming , Xue Xiangyang
Published: February 2024

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by high vascularity and
notable abnormality of blood vessels, where angiogenesis is a key process in tumorigenesis and
metastasis. The main functions of Nei Like DNA Glycosylase 3 (NEIL3) include DNA alcoholization
repair, immune response regulation, nervous system development and function, and DNA damage
signal transduction. However, the underlying mechanism of high expression NEIL3 in the
development and progression of HCC and whether the absence or silencing of NEIL3 inhibits the
development of cancer remain unclear. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by
which increased NEIL3 expression promotes cancer development is needed.

Methods:

Expression of NEIL3 and its upstream transcription factor MAZ in HCC tumor tissues
was analyzed in bioinformatics efforts, while validation was done by qRT-PCR and western blot
in HCC cell lines. The migration and tube formation capacity of HUVEC cells were analyzed by
Transwell and tube formation assays. Glycolytic capacity was analyzed by extracellular acidification
rate, glucose uptake, and lactate production levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)
and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were utilized to investigate specific interactions between
MAZ and NEIL3.

Results:

NEIL3 and MAZ were substantially upregulated in HCC tissues and cells. NEIL3 was involved
in modulating the glycolysis pathway, suppression of which reversed the stimulative impact
of NEIL3 overexpression on migration and angiogenesis in HUVEC cells. MAZ bound to the
promoter of NEIL3 to facilitate NEIL3 transcription. Silencing MAZ reduced NEIL3 expression
and suppressed the glycolysis pathway, HUVEC cell migration, and angiogenesis.

Conclusion:

MAZ potentiated the upregulated NEIL3-mediated glycolysis pathway and HCC angiogenesis.
This study provided a rationale for the MAZ/NEIL3/glycolysis pathway as a possible
option for anti-angiogenesis therapy in HCC.
Assessing the Impact of Stem Cell-based Therapy on Periodontal Health:
A Meta-analysis of Clinical Studies
Authors: Shao Yu-Han , Song Yi , Feng Qiao-Li , Deng Yan , Tang Tao
Published: February 2024

Objective::

While clinical trials exploring stem cells for regenerating periodontal tissues
have demonstrated positive results, there is a limited availability of systematic literature reviews on
this subject. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell interventions in periodontal
regeneration, this meta-analysis is undertaken to assess the beneficial effects of stem cells in human
periodontal regeneration.

Methods::

"PubMed," "Cochrane Library," "Web of Science," "Embase," "Wanfang," and "CNKI,"
were used to extract clinical studies related to the utilization of stem cells in repairing periodontal
tissue defects. This search included studies published up until October 5, 2023. The inclusion criteria
required the studies to compare the efficacy of stem cell-based therapy with stem cell-free therapy
for regenerating periodontal tissues. Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager software
(version 5.4).

Results::

This meta-analysis synthesized findings from 15 selected studies investigating the impact of
stem cell interventions on periodontal tissue regeneration. The "stem cell" group displayed a substantial
reduction in clinical attachment level (CAL) compared to the "control" group within 3 to 12
months post-surgery. However, no significant differences in CAL gain were found between groups.
Probing pocket depth (PPD) significantly decreased in the "stem cell" group compared to the "control"
group, particularly for follow-up periods exceeding 6 months, and dental stem cell treatment
exhibited notable improvements. Conversely, no significant differences were observed in PPD reduction.
Gingival recession (GR) significantly decreased in the "stem cell" group compared to the "control"
group at 3 to 12 months post-surgery. No significant differences were observed in GR reduction
between groups. No significant differences were identified in cementoenamel junction-bone distance
reduction, infrabony defect reduction, or bone mineral density increase between the two groups.
Furthermore, no significant changes were observed in the gingival index, plaque index, or width of
keratinized gingiva.

Conclusion::

In conclusion, while stem cell-based therapy offers promising prospects for periodontal
defect treatment, there are notable limitations in the current body of research. Larger, multicenter,
double-blind RCTs with robust methodologies are needed to provide more reliable evidence for stem
cell-based intervention in periodontitis.
Determination of the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation process in the treatment of leachate from the controlled landfill site in Francisco de Orellana canton
Authors: Cumbicus Cristian , Hurtado Mayra , Coello Julio , Peñafiel-Arcos Pedro , Orejuela-Romero Jennifer Alexandra , Barahona Marcos
Published: February 2024

The inadequate management of leachate produced in landfill sites, sanitary dumps, or its incomplete treatment generates significant environmental and public health impacts. These conditions are expected in developing countries and are a major concern, especially in sensitive areas like the Amazon. This study investigated the efficiency of electrocoagulation for removing BOD5, COD, TSS, turbidity, and color using a laboratory-scale reactor. Samples of raw leachate from the controlled landfill site in Francisco de Orellana canton, located in the Ecuadorian Amazon, were used. First, the initial conditions of the leachate were determined through a physicochemical characterization, where a reduced presence of heavy metals and high biodegradability were identified, suggesting that it is old leachate. In turn, a reactor with 5 electrodes was installed, where aluminum was used as a cathode and iron as an anode. Finally, electrocoagulation was employed with various operational combinations, where a run using 2.5 V and 20 minutes showed the highest removal efficiency on average, with reductions of 85.23% of BOD5, 98.20% of COD, 11.30% of TSS, 96.52% of turbidity, and 90.73% of color.

Keywords: Electrocoagulation; Leachate; Leachate treatment.
Use of Video in Telephone Triage in Out-of-Hours Primary Care: Register-Based Study
Authors: Nebsbjerg Mette Amalie , Vestergaard Claus Høstrup , Bomholt Katrine Bjørnshave , Christensen Morten Bondo , Huibers Linda
Published: February 2024

Background

Out-of-hours primary care (OOH-PC) is challenging due to high workloads, workforce shortages, and long waiting and transportation times for patients. Use of video enables triage professionals to visually assess patients, potentially ending more contacts in a telephone triage contact instead of referring patients to more resource-demanding clinic consultations or home visits. Thus, video use may help reduce use of health care resources in OOH-PC.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate video use in telephone triage contacts to OOH-PC in Denmark by studying rate of use and potential associations between video use and patient- and contact-related characteristics and between video use and triage outcomes and follow-up contacts. We hypothesized that video use could serve to reduce use of health care resources in OOH-PC.

Methods

This register-based study included all telephone triage contacts to OOH-PC in 4 of the 5 Danish regions from March 15, 2020, to December 1, 2021. We linked data from the OOH-PC electronic registration systems to national registers and identified telephone triage contacts with video use (video contact) and without video use (telephone contact). Calculating crude incidence rate ratios and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs), we investigated the association between patient- and contact-related characteristics and video contacts and measured the frequency of different triage outcomes and follow-up contacts after video contact compared to telephone contact.

Results

Of 2,900,566 identified telephone triage contacts to OOH-PC, 9.5% (n=275,203) were conducted as video contacts. The frequency of video contact was unevenly distributed across patient- and contact-related characteristics; it was used more often for employed young patients without comorbidities who contacted OOH-PC more than 4 hours before the opening hours of daytime general practice. Compared to telephone contacts, notably more video contacts ended with advice and self-care (aIRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.21-1.21) and no follow-up contact (aIRR 1.08, 95% CI 1.08-1.09).

Conclusions

This study supports our hypothesis that video contacts could reduce use of health care resources in OOH-PC. Video use lowered the frequency of referrals to a clinic consultation or a home visit and also lowered the frequency of follow-up contacts. However, the results could be biased due to confounding by indication, reflecting that triage GPs use video for a specific set of reasons for encounters.
Extended Reality—New Opportunity for People With Disability? Practical and Ethical Considerations (Preprint)
Authors: Stendal Karen , Bernabe Rosemarie D L C
Published: February 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Since the introduction of virtual environments in the 70s, technologies have moved through virtual reality, mixed reality, and augmented reality into extended reality (XR). This development is promising for various groups. Previous research has shown people with disability benefiting from using technology in social and professional settings. Technology has offered people with disability the opportunity to communicate, interact, participate, and build new relationships. However, we do not know what impact XR has or will have and whether it will offer new opportunities for people with disability. This paper aims to indicate potential opportunities and challenges afforded by XR to people with disability. We offer reflections on the opportunities as well as the ethical considerations needed when introducing immersive technologies to a marginalized group.
Supporting Life Adjustment in Patients With Lung Cancer Through a Comprehensive Care Program: Protocol for a Controlled Before-and-After Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Jung Wonyoung , Ahn Alice , Lee Genehee , Kong Sunga , Kang Danbee , Lee Dongok , Kim Tae Eun , Shim Young Mog , Kim Hong Kwan , Cho Jongho , Cho Juhee , Shin Dong Wook
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Lung cancer diagnosis affects an individual’s quality of life as well as physical and emotional functioning. Information on survivorship care tends to be introduced at the end of treatment, but early intervention may affect posttreatment adjustment. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has explored the effect of early information intervention on the return to work, family, and societal roles of lung cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVE

We report the study protocol of a comprehensive care prehabilitation intervention designed to facilitate lung cancer survivors’ psychological adjustment after treatment.

METHODS

A comprehensive care program was developed based on a literature review and a qualitative study of patients with lung cancer and health professionals. The Lung Cancer Comprehensive Care Program consists of educational videos and follow-up visits by a family medicine physician. To prevent contamination, the control group received routine education, whereas the intervention group received routine care and intervention. Both groups completed questionnaires before surgery (T0) and at 1-month (T1), 6-month (T2), and 1-year (T3) follow-up visits after surgery. The primary outcome was survivors’ psychological adjustment to cancer 6 months after pulmonary resection.

RESULTS

The historical control group (n=441) was recruited from September 8, 2021, to April 20, 2022, and the intervention group (n=350) was recruited from April 22, 2022, to October 17, 2022. All statistical analyses will be performed upon completion of the study.

CONCLUSIONS

This study examined the effectiveness of an intervention that provided general and tailored informational support to lung cancer survivors, ranging from before to the end of treatment.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05078918; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05078918

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/54707
Special Issue Foreward: The Notwithstanding Clause
Authors: McLachlin Beverley
Published: February 2024

In this foreward, the Right Honourable Beverley McLachlin provides a summary of the many questions that are currently swirling around the notwithstanding clause and its place within the Canadian constitutional order. These include questions about the relationship between the notwithstanding clause and other constitutional provisions (e.g. section 28 of the Charter) and questions about the legitimacy of pre-emptive invocations of the clause.
Overturning Ford
Authors: Kong Hoi
Published: February 2024

In this paper, I will argue that the Supreme Court should overturn Ford v Quebec, its leading precedent on the interpretation of section 33 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. After briefly stating the core holding of Ford, I will argue that the Court’s rules about overturning precedent dictate that the case be overturned. I will then argue for a new interpretation of section 33 that places a burden of justification on a legislature invoking the notwithstanding clause. I will conclude by noting some implications of my arguments for section 52(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 (the supremacy clause) and by answering some possible objections to my argument.
Weaving Section 33 into the Charter Project
Authors: Mailey Richard , Peach Ian
Published: February 2024

This article suggests that invocations of the notwithstanding clause should be evaluated by citizens' juries: small groups of citizens tasked with hearing evidence from stakeholders (and experts) and passing judgment on the legitimacy of their government's invocation of section 33. Above all, we argue that the establishment of such bodies would better redeem the democratic promise of section 33, which we characterize as an attempt to swap judicial scrutiny of laws and actions that impact fundamental rights for popular scrutiny. There is no perfect way to do this, of course, but we suggest that citizens' juries could at least compensate for some of the limitations of the electoral scrutiny that is presupposed by section 33's sunset clause while still offering a more ostensibly democratic review mechanism than judicial review.
Editorial Introduction
Authors: Kong Hoi , Young Margot
Published: February 2024

In this editorial introduction, special issue editors Hoi Kong and Margot Young provide a concise overview of the various arguments presented in the special issue and highlight some of the key issues surrounding the future of the Charter's notwithstanding clause.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME WHO UNDERWENT COVID-19
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Safronova Eleonora A. ,   South-Ural State Medical University",   of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Ryabova Liana V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "South-Ural State Medical University" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Zurochka Alexander V. ,   Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2024

This study examined the difference between neutrophil phagocytosis and humoral immunity in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who had Covid-19 compared with those without a new coronavirus infection. We examined 65 men with ACS aged 40 to 65 who had Covid-19 within 6 months to one year prior to the study, and 20 patients with ACS who did not have a new coronavirus infection and were vaccinated against coronavirus. All patients had critical stenoses of the coronary arteries and underwent stenting of these vessels in the first 3 days from the moment of admission to the hospital. In the group of patients with ACS who did not have covid (vaccinated), persons with unstable angina prevailed, while in the group with Covid-19, patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) prevailed, and to a greater extent with ST elevation (nST), which is a more severe form of ACS. All deceased patients with ACS had Covid-19. It was found that in patients who underwent Covid-19, Jg M (p <0.0001) and Jg G (p <0.01) to the virus significantly predominated in comparison with those who did not have a new coronavirus infection (vaccinated). Patients who underwent Covid-19 and ACS (p<0.05) showed a higher duration of hospitalization, blood troponin level, almost 3 times, and a Grace risk, an increased number of stents, and complications — stent thrombosis. They also showed a tendency to increase the total number of leukocytes, neutrophils, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in comparison with patients who did not have a new coronavirus infection. Higher levels of monocytes were observed both in absolute and relative values, at the same time lower values of activity and intensity of phagocytosis and phagocytic number of neutrophils were determined in people with ACS and Covid-19 compared to those without a new coronavirus infection. In the group of patients with ACS who underwent Covid-19, higher levels of general and specific Ig M, G to Covid-19 were noted.
STUDY OF IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS IN RESIDENTS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN AND MOUNTAIN-SOUTHERN REGIONS
Authors:   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shchegoleva Lyubov S. , Kabbani Mohammad S. ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergeeva Tatyana B. ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Shashkova Elizaveta Yu. ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Philippova Oksana E. ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2024

Phenotypic features of human immune homeostasis in different climatic and geographical regions are determined by the characteristic formation of an adaptive immune response in changing environmental conditions. The purpose of the work — identification of variants of adaptive immune response using multidimensional statistical analysis in people of working age living in the extreme climate of the North-Western and Mountain-Southern regions. Materials and methods. The results of the survey of 164 people aged 20-60 years, residents of the North-Western region were analyzed: men — 38,42% (63 people), women – 61,59% (101 people). The content of monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocyte phenotypes CD3+, CD4+, CD5+, CD8+, CD10+, CD16+, CD22+, CD71+, CD95+, HLA-DR+ were determined. The method of factor analysis was used to identify latent factors in the structure of immune status parameters. The classification of the subjects into groups with similar changes in a number of the considered indicators was performed using cluster analysis by the k-means method. Results: The clustering results showed that the state of the adaptive immune response of the subjects is characterized by 3 variants (in the North-Western) and 2 variants (Mountain-Southern) regions. Results. In the Northerners, the predominance of cell-mediated reactions associated with high functional activity of CD71+, HLA-DR+ cells was revealed, with factor 1 accounting for 40,98% of the total variance of signs, factor 2 accounting for 22,14%, and factor 3 — 12,95%, with a total share of the accumulated variance of signs of 76,07%. In the inhabitants of the Mountain-Southern region, the share in the total variance of signs is significantly less and in the total share of accumul Output.The most significant immunological indicators in the development and formation of an adaptive immune response, regardless of the region of residence, are the levels of antigens of the main histocompatibility complex class II HLA-DR+ and activated T-lymphocytes with the transferrin receptor CD71+.
LOCOMOTOR KINETICS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution National Ilizarov Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the RF Ministry of Health, Dolganova Tamara I. , Shchurova Elena N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution National Ilizarov Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the RF Ministry of Health, Dolganov Dmitriy V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution National Ilizarov Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the RF Ministry of Health, Sergeenko Olga M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution National Ilizarov Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the RF Ministry of Health, Trofimov Anatoliy O. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution National Ilizarov Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the RF Ministry of Health, Akhmedova Mehriban A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution National Ilizarov Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics of the RF Ministry of Health
Published: February 2024

Aim: The definition of «muscle contractile reserve» is a prognostic criterion in assessing locomotor capabilities. Material and methods: Groups of adolescents: 1-healthy, 2-idiopathic scoliosis. Research methods: dynamometry, 3D video analysis of gait. Results: In AIS, the relative isometric moment of force is reduced compared to healthy ones: in hip extensors by 36% (p=0.00106), hip flexors by 33% (p=0.0002), hip abductors by 38% (p=0003), leg extensors by 37% (p=3.22E-07), leg flexors by 42% (p=4.15E-06). In healthy adolescents, the muscle reserve at a walking speed of 3.7-4.3 km/h was: in hip extensors and flexors 65-75%, hip adductors 30-40%, hip abductors — 80-90%, leg extensors — 70-80%, leg flexors — 80-90% and dorsal foot flexors — 75-90%. The kinetic values of the plantar flexors exceed the isometric maximum when the foot is placed at an angle of 90° by 30-40%. In AIS the distal muscle groups had no signs of functional damage; proximal muscle groups showed asymmetry (up to 25%) and a decrease in strength in the isometric mode by 33-42%. Muscle reserve at the same speed is reduced for anti-gravity muscles in AIS: in hip extensors by 40% and in leg extensors by 70%. The total joints power did not significantly differ from the control group. Conclusions: In locomotor stereotypes in patients with scoliosis, there was a pattern of adaptive redistribution of the kinetic potential of the contractile function from one joint muscle to another.
COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF REGENERATIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF TETRADERM PREPARATIONS AND TRIDERM
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution ", Stosman Kira I. ,   Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza” of  the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sivak Konstantin V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza” of  the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Savateeva-Lyubimova Tatiana N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza” of  the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Aleksandrov Andrey G. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution "Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza” of  the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Marchenko Natalia V. ,   Vertex JSC, Kopatko Svetlana A. ,   Vertex JSC, Sychkova Irina V. ,   Vertex JSC, Kargopoltseva Dinara R. ,   Vertex JSC
Published: February 2024

The aim of study was to conduct the comparative regenerative, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of tetraderm and triderm in experiment. Materials and methods. Experiment was performed on 85 white male rats. Investigational medicines were applied 2 times a day at a dose of 0.01 g/cm2. The pharmaceuticals were applied in prophylactic scheme (2 and 1 hours before the induction of inflammation) and therapeutic scheme (1 hour after the induction of inflammation) for 7 days for the treatment of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Tetraderm and triderm were applied 24 hours after the thermal burn to the affected area of the skin during 21 days. Treatment of linear wounds was performed for 7 days 24 hours after surgery. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of drugs were evaluated in vitro. Results. Tetraderm reduced the limb edema by more than 50% in a prophylactic scheme compared with triderm. The anti-inflammatory effect of pharmaceuticals was comparable. Tetraderm shown pronounced regenerative ability and reduced the burn area by 1,5 times compared with triderm. The stimulating healing effect of tetraderm on the skin wound of the linear skin wound model was similar to that of triderm. The antimicrobial activity of the tetraderm and triderm was comparable. Tetraderm showed a fungicidal effect against yeast and mold fungi. Triderm had only a fungistatic effect against yeast С. albicans and suppressed of the growth of A. Niger. Conclusions. The regenerative and anti-inflammatory effect of tetraderm with antibacterial activity shows auspicious conditions for healing wounds and burns. The regenerative, antibacterial and fungicidal effects of tetraderm are slightly superior to the triderm effect.
THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE HUMAN BODY
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Boldyreva Yulia V. ,   Tyumen State Medical University",   of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gubin Denis G. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Tyumen State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2024

Introduction. Physical activity is an integral part of a healthy lifestyle. Many inhabitants of our planet try to adhere to the basic principles of a healthy lifestyle, but despite this, the problem of low physical activity has not lost its relevance. The purpose of the work: to summarize the data available in the scientific literature on the effect of physical activity on the human body. Methods and materials: the article presents a retrospective analysis of sources of domestic and foreign scientific literature provided in electronic databases: PubMed, Google scholar, CyberLeninka, eLibrary and devoted to the study of the effects of physical activity on the human body. Results and discussions. It was found that adequate physical activity leads to an increase in the functional capabilities of the body, increased adaptation to adverse environmental conditions and improvement of the immune system. Conclusion. Voluntary, systematic and adequate physical activity can help strengthen the functional capabilities of the body.
FUNCTIONAL AND QUANTITATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF LARYNGEAL APUDOCYTES IN ASPHYXIC AND ASPIRATION TYPES OF DROWNING IN FRESH WATER (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", Giniatullin Ravil U. ,   South Ural State Medical University",   of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kuzmin Vladimir N. ,   Uralmedreserv LLC
Published: February 2024

The aim of the study: was to develop additional microscopic diagnostic criteria for asphyxiating type of drowning based on the study of quantitative morphology of laryngeal mucosal apudocytes (SOG) in rats. Materials and methods of research: the work was performed on 50 nonlinear male laboratory rats using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical methods. The results of the study: the data obtained showed that animals with different weights have age-related features of the response of apudocytes of COG in drowning conditions. Conclusions: 1. In young animals of the experimental group in conditions of acute anoxia, significant hyperplasia of argyrophilic and morphofunctional activity of serotonin-containing apudocytes of COG is revealed in relation to similar indicators of animals of the comparison group. These changes contribute to the development of laryngospasm, which prevents the penetration of water into the airways and lungs in asphyxiated type of drowning. 2. In sexually mature animals of the comparison group in conditions of acute anoxia, less pronounced quantitative reactions of argyrophilic and morphofunctional activity of serotonin-containing apudocytes in COG are noted. These changes are not accompanied by the development of laryngospasm, which contributes to the penetration of water into the airways and lungs with aspiration type of drowning. 3. The presence of the phenomenon of pronounced hyperplasia of argyrophilic and morphofunctional activity of serotonin-containing apudocytes of COG in conditions of acute anoxia in young animals can be used as an additional diagnostic criterion for the asphyxic type of drowning in experimental studies.
Swahili Loanwords in Meru Language of the Northeastern Tanzania: A Phonological Analysis of Nouns
Authors: Nnko Elirehema Daniel
Published: February 2024

The study highlights the phonological analysis of nouns borrowed from standard Swahili into the Meru language of Northeastern Tanzania. It describes phonological processes that are involved for these borrowed nouns to have acceptable features and for those words to become part of the recipient language as the major objective of the study. The Optimality Theory (OT) introduced by Prince and Smolensky 1993 guided the study, Data were collected from Meru native speakers in Arusha region specifically in Arumeru District as the targeted population through interviews and Native intuition and data were recorded. These tools provide primary data that are directly obtained from the field (Kothari, 1990). This study used a qualitative research approach since data analysis, presentation, and interpretation take descriptive methods (Mugenda, 2003). According to Soeparno, (2002:117), “…the motto is to describe the fact, all the facts, and nothing but the facts”. The study shows that there are processes that are involved during the nativization of borrowed nouns from Swahili into Meru; prosthesis, anaptyxis, sound tolerance, aphaeresis, devoicing, voicing, rhotacization, sound assimilation, substitution of sounds and vowel lengtherning. All these processes have been very helpful as they have helped Meru language users meet their everyday communication needs. The study has now been potential for linguists for future reference and to the researcher as an academician. The study suggests that other areas of the language that have not received much research and academic attention: phonological analysis of borrowed verbs, semantic shift, negative impacts of language borrowing, the influence of Meru language in second language learning, semantic broadening, narrowing, and amelioration; other language levels including semantic, phonetics, morphology and pragmatics should be highly considered since the studies will act as the way of preserving African indigenous languages and will act as instrumental tools towards promoting local languages.
Rapid quantum approaches for combinatorial optimisation inspired by optimal state-transfer
Authors: Banks Robert J. , Browne Dan E. , Warburton P.A.
Published: February 2024

We propose a new design heuristic to tackle combinatorial optimisation problems, inspired by Hamiltonians for optimal state-transfer. The result is a rapid approximate optimisation algorithm. We provide numerical evidence of the success of this new design heuristic. We find this approach results in a better approximation ratio than the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm at lowest depth for the majority of problem instances considered, while utilising comparable resources. This opens the door to investigating new approaches for tackling combinatorial optimisation problems, distinct from adiabatic-influenced approaches.
Praktik Dakwah Khuruj fi Sabilillah oleh Jamaah Tabligh di Desa Perapat Hilir
Authors: Husni Sapuan , Hakim Lukman , Saputra Happy
Published: February 2024

This article explores the practice of 'Khuruj fi Sabilillah' by Jamaah Tabligh in Desa Perapat Hilir, employing qualitative methods including observations, open-ended interviews with 8 respondents, and documentation. The study identifies two main groups within the Jamaah Tabligh in the village: the Syuro Alami and MS (Maulana Saad) groups, with the former being more dominant. Their activities, deeply rooted in Islamic teachings, encompass various forms of outreach and community development, emphasizing the importance of communal prayer and Islamic observance. The practice of Khuruj fi Sabilillah in Desa Perapat Hilir is characterized by two approaches: first, conducting preaching activities within their localities, utilizing mosques as their base and center for preaching, and second, engaging in external preaching activities, which include jaulah (touring), bayan (sermons), ijtima’ (congregations), ta'lim (religious education), and musyawarah (consultations). The theological values underpinning their activities focus on concepts like faith in Allah, the unity of God, divine predestination, human free will, divine justice, and eschatological beliefs. These values reflect how faith and religious principles influence daily life choices and practices.AbstrakArtikel ini mengkaji praktik 'Khuruj fi Sabilillah' oleh Jamaah Tabligh di Desa Perapat Hilir. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara terbuka dengan 8 responden, dan dokumentasi. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua kelompok jamaah tabligh di Desa yaitu kelompok Syuro Alami dan MS (Maulana Saad), namun kelompok Syuro Alami lebih dominan. Aktivitas mereka berakar pada ajaran Islam, meliputi berbagai bentuk dakwah dan pembangunan komunitas, menyoroti pentingnya shalat berjamaah dan pengamalan Islam. Aktivitas khuruj fi sabilillah jamaah tabligh di Desa Perapat Hilir dengan dua cara, yaitu dengan melakukan dakwah di lokasi tempat jamaah tinggal secara berkelompok dengan menjadikan masjid sebagai tempat tinggal dan pusat berdakwah. Kedua, khuruj fi sabilillah di luar tempat tinggal dengan aktivitas terdiri dari jaulah, bayan/ceramah, ijtima’, ta’lim dan musyawarah. Nilai-nilai teologis yang melandasi aktivitas mereka berfokus pada konsep seperti keimanan kepada Allah, kesatuan Tuhan, takdir ilahi, kehendak bebas manusia, keadilan ilahi, dan keyakinan eskatologis. Nilai-nilai ini mencerminkan bagaimana iman dan prinsip agama mempengaruhi pilihan dan praktik kehidupan sehari-hari.
Rethinking the international competitiveness of olive oil in Spain and Chile: governance of sustainable practices
Authors: Boza Sofía , Núñez-Mejía Aracely , Mora Marcos
Published: February 2024

The international competitiveness of agri-food products is crucial for the economic growth of exporting countries, which is also closely related to critical aspects of sustainable development. This research aims to comprehensively understand the factors of international competitiveness in two contrasting cases: Spain as the world’s leading exporter and Chile as an emerging exporter of olive oil. This study takes a novel approach by including the governance of sustainable practices as part of the framework for analyzing international competitiveness. A mixed research method was used: firstly, quantitative indicators were estimated to compare the levels of international competitiveness of both countries; secondly, a qualitative analysis was carried out to analyze in depth the determinants of international competitiveness based on Porter’s Diamond Model. The results show that Spain has solidified its position as the world’s leading olive oil exporter. On the other hand, Chile still has a small market share; however, it already achieved its revealed comparative advantage in 2015. The potential causes of this performance were determined by the comparative study of the determinants of the competitiveness of Porter’s diamond model; “Factor conditions”, “Demand conditions”, “Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry”, “Related and supporting industries”, “Government” and “Chance”. In addition, both countries show the adoption of sustainable practices in their exports driven by subsidy policies, informal conventions, and consumer preferences. Finally, some relevant implications for management and public policy are highlighted.
NILAI MENGUTAMAKAN PELANGGAN DALAM KALANGAN KAKITANGAN DI IPTS: SATU TINJAUAN TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN PIAWAIAN MS 1900:2014 CUSTOMER PRIORITY VALUE AMONG STAFF IN PRIVATE UNIVERSITY: A SURVEY TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF MS 1900:2014 STANDARD
Authors: bin Mohamed Hasan Al-Banna , Ahmad Azmi bin , Sahol Hamid Norashikin binti , Basir Siti Arni , Ghani Azmi Ilhaamie Abdul
Published: February 2024

Nowadays, the appreciation of noble values in organizational management is emphasized when new working methods and norms are developing rapidly. The value aspect of prioritizing customers first is often an important topic to ensure that a product or service is competitive and excellent. Accordingly, an organization such as a higher education institution that involves many customers is very relevant in ensuring that the services provided are of high quality and ultimately provide satisfaction to all parties. Therefore, this study focuses on the appreciation of the noble values of prioritizing customers in a Private Institution of Higher Learning, Malaysia which has adopted the implementation of a Shariah-based Quality Management System (MS 1900: 2014). The methodology of this study uses a quantitative study design through data collection by survey method with the distribution of questionnaires using simple random sampling. The respondents of this study involved a total of 297 staff which includes academic staff, executive and non-executive staff. The results were analyzed through the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) which engaged the Pearson Correlation Test, using descriptive and inferential analysis. Furthermore, the findings of the study have proven that there is a positive relationship between the noble value of prioritizing customers with aspects of job satisfaction among the staff involved. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that the appreciation of noble values of prioritizing customers has a significant relationship and influences the job satisfaction while implementing Shariah-based Quality Management System (MS 1900) in institutions of higher learning.
Multidimensional Hydrodynamic Framework for Modeling Compound Inundation in Coastal Watersheds a Overview
Authors: Bayer Logan , Santiago-Collazo Felix
Published: February 2024

We developed a coupled overland and river model for modeling compound
flooding using the kinematic wave approximation on inland sections of an
unstructured mesh, and the diffusive wave approximation on riverine
sections. A finite element method is used for spatial discretization and
a Crank-Nicolson scheme is used for time discretization. A wetting and
drying algorithm is implemented for improved efficiency in the model.
Pluvial conditions and tidal conditions are implemented as source terms
in the river model. The results show that effects from compound
inundation could be captured using this framework.
Transparent AI in Auditing through Explainable AI
Authors: Zhong Chen , Goel Sunita
Published: February 2024

The scope and complexity of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in auditing have grown beyond automating tasks to performing decision-making tasks. Consequently, understanding how AI-based models arrive at their decisions has become crucial, particularly for auditing tasks that demand greater accountability and that involve complex decision-making processes. In this paper, we explore the implementation of explainable AI (XAI) through a fraud detection use case and demonstrate how integrating an explainability layer using XAI can improve the interpretability of AI models, enabling stakeholders to understand the models’ decision-making process. We also present emerging AI regulations in this context.
Analysis of Calcium and Phosphate Ion Extraction From Dental Enamel by Bleaching Gels Using Ion Chromatography, Micro-CT, and SEM
Authors: de Mendonça LC , Rodrigues MdeLA , Bicalho AA , da Silva GR , Quagliatto PS , Santos DQ , Soares CJ
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the volume and depth of enamel loss promoted by 37.5% and 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gels, and quantify the loss of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions by using ion chromatography (IC) analysis after bleaching.

Methods

Sixty bovine enamel specimens were randomly divided into three groups: Control – no bleaching gel; HP37.5%, application of HP 37.5% for 45 minutes for 14 days; and HP7.5%, application of HP 7.5% for 3 applications of 8 minutes. The surface analysis (n=5) was performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dispersive energy system (EDS) to calcium and phosphorus dosage. The micro-CT was used for the enamel loss analysis (n=5). IC was used to analyze extracted Ca and P (n=10). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and two-way repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Tukey and Dunnett’s tests (α=0.05).

Results

Significantly higher volume and depth of enamel loss were found for bleached groups compared with the control group. HP7.5% had significantly higher enamel change than HP37.5%. SEM showed higher enamel porosity for HP37.5% and HP7.5% compared to control. The IC demonstrated a significant increase of Ca incorporated into the gel, however, only HP7.5% had a higher P presence than the control group. The HP7.5% showed higher Ca and P ion exchange than HP37.5% (p<0.001).

Conclusion

HP37.5% and HP7.5%, caused enamel mineral changes compared with the control group. The IC method was demonstrated to be an effective methodology for detecting enamel mineral loss by the bleaching gel.
Polychromatic Restoration of Anterior Fractured Teeth Using a Custom-made Silicone Matrix
Authors: Furuse AY , Quiroz-Zubizarreta EM , dos Santos FFV
Published: February 2024

When restoring anterior teeth using resin composites, the use of silicone guide matrices obtained from diagnostic wax-ups is recommended, as this technique facilitates layering and optimizes working time. This is particularly important in polychromatic layering and when more than one anterior tooth is to be restored with resin composites. However, in cases of fractured anterior teeth, it is often not feasible to perform a previous impression and waxing. In these cases, due to trauma and related psychological aspects, patients usually seek immediate esthetic solutions. Therefore, an interesting restorative approach that can simplify the restorative technique is the creation of a silicone guide matrix obtained from the patient’s fractured tooth, without the need for prior waxing. This type of personalized matrix was initially proposed by Bertholdo, Ricci, and Barrote. Thus, the purpose of the present work is to demonstrate a modification of the technique for making this type of custom-made matrix for the restoration of two upper central incisors of a 14-year-old patient who fractured his teeth in a bicycle accident.
What is the weight: how and why it occursfor gaseous matter
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State university, Russia, Smirnov Mikhail B. , Mirgorodsky Andrey
Published: February 2024

A pure mechanical approach is proposed to gain a more penetrating insight into the physical meaning of the body’s weight, in deducing its notion just from the Newton’s equation for the body moving along the gravitational field. In that view, the body is weighty when its acceleration along the g-field is other than g. The approach was used for to account the occurrence of the gaseous matter weight that was regarded by us as some sort of experimentum crucis capable of estimating its validity. According to the results obtained, the body’s weight is a physical reality fundamentally different from the force of gravity, and represents the inevitable factor assuring the fulfilment of the momentum conservation law in the body – Earth system.
The Role of Vocational Education in the Student Career Development Process
Authors: Muslim  , Giatman M. , Syah Nurhasan , Hidayat Nuzul , Wagino
Published: February 2024

Many students feel anxious about career prospects, so they are afraid that career insights in the field will not be achieved. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of vocational education in the career development process, especially for students who are still full of doubts about their careers. This type of research is descriptive qualitative in the form of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to collect evidence based on research topics and support the development of evidence-based research. The stages in the SLR method are planning, conducting, and reporting. The subject of this study is the literature related to vocational education in the career development process. The results of the study found 5 major themes out of 98 articles that had been selected related to the topic under study. The role of vocational education regarding job characteristics, career maturity development services, career opportunities, ability to make career decisions, and vocational career development in the student career development process. It is hoped that the findings in this study will become information for future researchers, teachers, the wider community, and policy-making institutions, especially in Indonesia.