bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IGNITION CONDITIONS OF A SINGLE BORON PARTICLE IN HOT GAS FLOW
Authors:   S. A. Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ermolaev G. V. , Zaitsev A. V. ,   S. A. Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The basic experimental studies on boron combustion are done with the same general scheme of the experiment. Boron particles are injected into flat-flame burner products with the help of the transporting jet of cold nitrogen. Boron particle combustion process is registered with a number of optical methods. It is proposed that boron particle is injected into the main hot gas flow instantly, combustion takes place at the flame temperature and predefined oxygen concentration, and the influence of the transporting cold nitrogen jet is ignored. Recent combustion models are based mostly on this type of experiments and characterized with high complexity and low prediction level. In our study, we reconstruct the particle injection conditions for several basic experimental papers. It is shown that in all experimental setups, ignition, combustion, and even total particle burnout take place in the wake of the cold nitrogen jet. This zone is characterized with a much lower gas temperature and oxygen concentration than the main flat burner flow. The total temperature decrease can be about several hundred degrees, oxygen concentration can be 30%-50% lower than that used in the previous analysis of the experimental results. The temperatures of ignition and transition to the second stage of combustion are found with the help of the test particle trajectory and temperature tracking. It is shown that analysis of the influence of boron particles injection on gas temperature and oxygen concentration is mandatory for the development of future combustion models.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FLAME PROPAGATION IN THE AEROSUSPENSION OF NANOSIZED ALUMINUM POWDER
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Krainov A. Yu. , Poryazov V. A. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Moiseeva K. M. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: December 2020

This paper provides a mathematical model of combustion of a nanodispersed aluminum-air suspension (NAAS). The main feature of the model is the local approach for oxidant diffusion which implies the diffusion of oxidizer through alumina layer on the particle surface and its reaction with aluminum. The oxidation rate of aluminum particles and the rate of heat release for the whole assembly of particles are determined from the solution of local combustion problems for each Al nanoparticle. The parameters of the NAAS are determined from the solution of the system of equations which include the energy conservation equations for gas and particles and the mass conservation equations for the components of the gas-dispersion mixture. The developed model does not require setting the ignition temperature of Al nanoparticles. The system of equations is solved numerically. The problem of combustion front propagation is solved with the following formulation: NAAS is placed in a tube of large diameter and length with a closed left end and open right end. The initial mass concentration of Al powder in the air is uniform and less than the stoichiometric value. Since a high-temperature ignition source on the left end of the tube ignites the NAAS, a combustion wave occurs and starts propagating along the tube. In the present study, the dependences of the combustion-front propagation velocity on the Al mass concentration and initial temperature of the NAAS have been determined. With increasing the initial temperature and mass concentration of Al powder, the propagation velocity of the combustion front increases.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF DETONATION INITIATION IN MULTIFOCAL SYSTEMS USING UNSTRUCTURED COMPUTATIONAL MESHES
Authors:   Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lopato A. I. , Utkin P. S. ,   Institute for Computer Aided Design of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the numerical modeling of detonation initiation in the “multifocused” system - the flat channel with the profiled end-wall. Mathematical model is based on two-dimensional (2D) Euler equations supplemented by the model of one-stage chemical kinetics for detonation of hydrogen-oxygen mixture at low pressures. The specific feature of the numerical algorithm of the second-approximation order is the use of fully unstructured computational meshes with the triangular cells. The mechanism of detonation initiation by the incident shock wave (SW) with the Mach number 2.58 in case of one elliptical reflector is described.
ON THE GASDYNAMIC MECHANISMS OF EXOTHERMIC REACTION WAVE FORMATION BEHIND SHOCK WAVES
Authors:   Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kiverin A. , Yakovenko I. ,   Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes the gasdynamic evolution of the test mixture flow in the shock tube at the stage prior to reaction start. The numerical analysis clearly shows that the incepience of reaction kernels is associated with the specific features of flow development in the boundary layer behind an incident shock wave. It is shown that similar to the processes in the gas flow near a solid surface, the gasdynamic instability arises and develops in the flow behind a shock wave. The linear stage of instability development determines the formation of roll-up vortices at a certain distance behind the shock front. Further, at the nonlinear stage, these roll-up vortices transform in more complex structures that diffuse into the bulk flow. Evolution of vortices causes temperature redistribution on the scales of the boundary layer. On the one hand, there is a certain heating due to the kinetic energy dissipation. On the other hand, there are heat losses to the wall. As a result, the temperature field near the wall becomes nonuniform. The reflected shock amplifies temperature perturbations when interacts with the developed boundary layer. This mechanism determines the formation of hot kernels in which the reaction starts. So, the localized sites of exothermal reaction are arising providing conditions for reaction wave formation and propagation in the precompressed test gas.
HIGH-SPEED IMAGING FOR AN OPTICALLY ACCESSIBLE ROTATING DETONATION ENGINE
Authors:   Research Center of Combustion Aerodynamics Southwest University of Science and Technology, Wang Yuhui , Le Jialing ,   Research Center of Combustion Aerodynamics Southwest University of Science and Technology
Published: December 2020

Nonpremixed rotating detonation waves (RDWs) for ethylene or hydrogen and air sources at room temperatures 283-284 K were obtained in the same hollow combustor. The combustor was optically accessible by embedded a piece of quartz glass in the combustor wall. The hollow combustor channel here had an outer diameter 100 mm. Fuel and air were injected into the combustor from 150 cylindrical orifices of a diameter 0.8 mm axially and a circular channel with a width 1 mm radially, respectively. The detonation speeds for ethylene and air were 1562 or 1389 m/s for the air flow rate 642.35 g/s at an equivalence ratio 0.78. The detonation speed for hydrogen and air were 2013 m/s for the air flow rate 327.73 g/s at an equivalence ratio 1.24. Hydrogen operation was more stable than ethylene operation in the condition of low temperature gas sources. High-speed images showed RDW structures were changeful and unstable. Low-temperature regions could intrude into and break the detonation wave.
THRUST CHARACTERISTICS OF A JET-TYPE PULSED DETONATION COMBUSTOR
Authors:   National Center for Aeronautical Technology, KACST, Alhussan K. , Assad M. S. ,   A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Penyazkov O. G. ,   A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chernuho I. I. ,   A. V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Published: December 2020

The dynamics of the thrust of a jet-type pulse detonation combustor (PDC) operating on heptane/air mixtures enriched in oxygen is studied. It has been established that with simultaneous enrichment of the mixture in fuel and reduction in the oxygen-to-air equivalence ratio, the thrust characteristic of the PDC deteriorates significantly: an increase in ф from 0.8 to 2.15 leads to a decrease in the thrust by almost 65%. Addition of oxygen to the heptane/air mixture is a decisive factor here, which is expressed in the direct dependence of the thrust on the oxygen content in the mixture: at [O2/air] = 0.76, the thrust reaches 200 N against 60 N at [O2/air] = 0.1.
NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF UNSTABLE COMBUSTION IN LOW-EMISSION GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTORS
Authors:   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Sverdlov E. D. , Dubovitskii A. N. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Yakubovskiy K. Ya. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors, Galimov N. S. ,   P. I. Baranov Central Institute of Aviation Motors
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the calculation and experimental results for investigated unsteady combustion modes in low-emission combustors operating without flow swirling and developed by the present authors.
LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION OF A LIQUID FUEL DROPLET IN MICROGRAVITY CONDITIONS
Authors:   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FROLOV F. S. ,   Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, BASEVICH V. Ya. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Scademy of Sciences, FROLOV S. M. ,   N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Scademy of Sciences,   Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

During American-Russian space experiment CFI (Cool Flame Investigation) - Zarevo, new and very valuable scientific data on the differences in the burning of liquid fuel drops on the ground and in microgravity were obtained.
Tariq Ramadan’s «European Islam» as a project of rethinking the logic of cultural identity
Authors: Mukhetdinov D. V.
Published: December 2020

The present article examines the theoretical foundations of the «European Islam» project, that can be understood as a set of the following factors: a new understanding of the «universal» and «individual» correlation in Islam, differentiation of sharia and fiqh, deconstruction of traditional (in terms of «Islamic sacred geography») opposition between «the world of Islam» and «the world of infidelity». This project deserves serious attention as an attempt to re-conceptualize the very essence of cultural identity. The author demonstrates that the existential motive for developing Tariq Ramadan’s theory is the urge to overcome the «inferiority complex» of Islamic youth inEurope. The path of integration of Muslims into the European environment presented by Ramadan’s project leads to their energy being redirected to more constructive endeavors, so that they can actively participate in building a common future society and politics. The author proves, that the notion of «European Muslim» transforms the concept of «European citizenship», even for Christian and secular people inEurope.
Academic letter on French Indochina War: Metaphors for strategic resilience
Authors: Huston Simon
Published: December 2020

Outlines reasons for French defeat during the Indochina War and artiulates contemporary strategic resilience metaphors. The French Indochina War (FIW) from 1946-1954 furnishes useful insights with resonance for current infectious, climatic, pollution, economic and security challenges. A structured analysis of the historical literature suggests that the French defeat in 1954 involved fundamental regime illegitimacy, political equivocation, intelligence shortcomings, strategic and operational failures but also the determination, strength and adaptability of the Việt Minh (VM). In 1945, France had re-occupied Vietnam to re-assert its global credentials. Later, Cold War logic and American aid sustained “La sale guerre”. However, the conflict merely delayed and bloodied an inevitable post-colonial regime shift. To maintain American aid flows yet retain French regional influence, the commander of the Expeditionary Corps, Henri Navarre, adopted an offensive stance. He sought to crush the VM, breathe life into the moribund French Union (L’Union française) and block Giáp’s feints on Laos. In November 1954, he inserted a fortified camp at remote Diên Biên Phú (DBP). However, Navarre ignored the lessons of Hòa Bình (1950-51), Nghĩa Lộ (1951). He misread Nà Sản (1952) and underestimated VM capabilities. Operationally, the distance of DBP from Hanoi stretched the French aero-logistical system to its limits. Navarre also diverted resources to sideshow – Opération Atlante. Giáp realised Navarre had taken the bait and sealed off the besieged camp with five divisions, including an artillery one. On 13th March, the VM attacked and conquered the garrison after 56 days on the evening of 7-8th May 1954. Navarre’s gamble had spectacularly backfired. Militarily, the French Expeditionary Corps might have recovered even considering the bloodbath at Mang Yang Pass almost seven weeks later. However, the psychological blow unmasked regime financial and political bankruptcy. Power drained away to the Americans or the communists. Whilst French Indochina perpetuated an iniquitous social structure, tainted by racism, symbolic and physical violence, it arguably it also protected minorities, spurned dictatorship and transferred culture and technology.The most striking finding that emerges from this investigation is the incredible transformation of the geography of Vietnam since 1948. Then, tigers and elephant roamed in jungles, 160km North West of Saigon, near Phan Thiết. Today, suburbia encroaches on depleted coffee plantations and desiccated scrub. Aside from concerns over the long-term ecological trajectories under anthropogenic pressures in ostensibly communist or capitalist inspired systems and, notwithstanding today’s very different context, the detailed investigation into aspects of the War provides strategic metaphors involving fiscal re-calibration, governance hierarchy or incentive regulations, hubristic corrections and ecological transformation.
ASEAN and the Contemporary Geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific Region: Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Darwis
Published: December 2020

In June 2019, ASEAN adopted a document known as the ‘ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific.’ The document provided guidelines of how ASEAN will be relevant amid the great power politics in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and how ASEAN will continue its vision of ASEAN centrality in the conduct of international relations in Southeast Asia. This article provides the foundational basis of possible research agendas related to the Indo-Pacific Region and its correlation to the regional norms of ASEAN. It concludes that several questions that have arisen in relation to the Indo-Pacific region and ASEAN includes, but not limited to; (1) what contemporary dynamics have occurred in the Indo-Pacific region? and (2) how is ASEAN still relevant in the context of the Indo-Pacific region?
COVID-19’un zayıf halkası: Yaşlı nüfus
Authors: AISDL
Published: December 2020

Aralık 2019’da ilk olarak Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkıp, kısa zamanda tüm kıtalara yayılan salgın her ulusu farklı boyutlarda etkilemiştir. Covid-19 bireyler arasında ayrımcılık yapmadığı halde toplumun dezavantajlı kesimini oluşturan yaşlı gruplar üzerinde, hastalığın seyri ve ölüm oranları açısından ağır bir yük oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle ilave hastalığı bulunanlarda ve 65 yaş üzerinde yoğunlaşan ölümler salgının belirli bir kitleyi hedef aldığını göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla pandemi kökenli yaşlı ölüm oranları, yaşlılığın ve diğer göstergelerin kullanıldığı geniş bir yelpazede ele alınarak, uluslararası karşılaştırılmalı bir tabloyla daha net görülmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu kapsamda 25 Eylül tarihine kadar vaka sayısı 5000 üzerinde olan 85 ülke örneklem grubuna seçilmiştir. Covid-19 vaka/ ölüm oranları ile ülkelerin yaşlanma süreçleri arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığını anlayabilmek için Kümeleme Analizi kullanılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan 5 kümenin Covid-19 kaynaklı yaşlı ölüm oranlarıyla ilişkisi merkeze alınıp, uluslararası karşılaştırmalar yapıldığında Covid-19/yaşlı-ölüm ilişkisi daha net anlaşılmıştır. En yaşlı olan birinci kümeden, en genç olan son kümeye doğru Covid-19 kaynaklı yaşlı ölümlerin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca gelişmiş ülkelerin Covid-19 kaynaklı yaşlı ölümleri, gelişmemiş ülkelere göre daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Covid-19 kaynaklı yaşlı ölümlerin yoğun olduğu ülkelerde ise potansiyel destek oranı düşük çıkmıştır. Temiz suya erişim, toplam gelirde sağlık harcamaları oranı ve kabinedeki kadın temsilci oranının, Covid-19 kaynaklı yaşlı ölümleri ile zayıf bir ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Salgın kaynaklı yaşlı ölüm oranının, sosyo-ekonomik, sağlık ve politik göstergelerden oluşan 11 faktör ile ilişkisi incelenmek için Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi yapılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda ise Covid-19 kaynaklı yaşlı ölüm oranı ile diğer değişkenler arasında pozitif orta düzeyde bir varyans bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın son safhasında ise Türkiye’deki yaşlı nüfusun Covid-19 ölüm oranı ve mevcut salgın yönetimi değerlendirilmiştir.
Banjir, Bencana Tahunan Dalam Negeri
Authors: Jannah Raudhatul
Published: December 2020

Telah kita ketahui bersama bahwasanya di negara Indonesia ada satu bencana alam yang kira-kira tidak akan terlewatkan setiap tahunnya, apalagi kalau bukan Banjir, Banjir seakan menjadi ritual tahunan yang tidak pernah absen setiap tahunnya. Banjir sendiri adalah peristiwa alam yang terjadi ketika aliran air yang berlebihan merendam daratan dan seiring dengan datangnya curah hujan. Penyebab dari Banjir ini biasanya karena penyumbatan saluran air yang disebabkan oleh pembuangan sampah sembarangan yang akhirnya membuat saluran-saluran air atau irigasi tersebut menjadi tersumbat. Selain dari hal tersebut, penggundulan hutan bisa menjadi penyebab adanya banjir juga, apalagi jika disertai hujan deras berhari-hari maka sudah bisa dipastikan akan ada daerah-daerah yang terkena Banjir.
Analisis Data Dengan Metode Ukuran Dispersi (Studi Kasus : Intensitas Bencana Banjir di Indonesia 2011-2020)
Authors: Permatasari Yunita , Ulya Vanessa , Andriansyah Deni , Fadillah Muhammad Akbar
Published: December 2020

Ukuran Dispersi (Measures of Dispersion) atau ukuran keragaman pengamatan dari nilai rata-ratanya disebut simpangan (deviation/dispersi). Ukuran dispersi terdiri dari Jangkauan, Simpangan Rata-Rata, Simpangan Baku, Jangkauan Kuartil, dan Jangkauan Persentil dan lain sebagainya. Menghitung data pada Ukuran Dispersi lebih akurat dan efesien menggunakan aplikasi dibanding dengan secara manual .Pada tugas kali ini kami akan melakukan contoh analisis kasus intensitas banjir di Indonesia pada tahun 2011-2020, dengan menggunakan perhitungan di aplikasi Ms. Excel dan IBM SPSS Statistic.
Bank Marketing Management: Case: Sacombank
Authors: AISDL
Published: December 2020

The Banking and Finance Industry are among the most important service sectors in an economy. It is no doubt to say that banking is the backbone of the economy. The Vietnamese economy has lots of major changes since the “Doi Moi” 1986 reform in various sectors. Among of them is the banking service, which will continue to play important roles in the whole of the Vietnamese economy. In order to establish a healthy economy, maintaining and developing the banking sector is one of the essential responsibilities. Thanks to bank marketing management that provides various framework analyses and marketing strategies, banks can switch from the difficulties and threats into strengths and opportunities.
Analisa Data Berkala Metode Least Square Data ganjil & Data genap Jumblah Produksi TEMBAKAU Pada Tahun 2015-2020
Authors: Rifaldy Ricko Maulana , Fauzan Muhammad Alvan
Published: December 2020

Metode untuk peramalan kuadrat kecil dan yang hanya bisa sebagai metode least square adalah metode yang menggunakan hanya persamaan linear untuk menimbulkan garis paling sesuai untuk kumpalan data lampau. Salah satu metode ini adalah berupa deret data berskala dan yang mana membutuhkan data dimasa lampau karna digunakan untuk melakukan peramalan dimasa datang dan sehingga dapat ditentukan hasil. Metode least square atau yang sering kita dengar adalah metode Kuadrat kecil
Which narrative strategies durably reduce prejudice? Evidence from field and survey experiments supporting the efficacy of perspective-getting
Authors: Kalla Joshua , Broockman David
Published: December 2020

Exclusionary attitudes contribute to social and political challenges worldwide. Previous field experiments have found that interpersonal conversations which employ multiple theoretically-informed narrative strategies can durably reduce exclusionary attitudes. However, studies of these interventions have always assigned three narrative strategies together in a compound treatment: narratives which promote analogic perspective-taking, vicarious perspective-giving, and perspective-getting. This leaves open important theoretical and empirical questions about to what extent each is effective. We present results from two field experiments, a difference-in-differences analysis, and a survey experiment that individually manipulate their presence. Across the field experiments, we find that omitting analogic perspective-taking and vicarious perspective-giving does not diminish effects; conversations employing only perspective-getting narratives durably reduce exclusionary attitudes. We also present results from within-subject analyses and survey experiments that show that perspective-getting consistently reduces exclusionary attitudes and activates multiple mechanisms, whereas the other approaches have less reliable effects. These results support a focus on facilitating perspective-getting in interpersonal conversations that aim to durably reduce exclusionary attitudes.
Revisiting the Crowd: Peaceful Assembly in Irish Water Protests
Authors: Power Seamus A.
Published: December 2020

The enactment of the Water Services Bill into Irish law on December 28th, 2014, was met with strong opposition from the Irish public, manifesting in local and national demonstrations. This social movement provided an ideal case to examine interactions between protesters and police in different contexts. Ethnographic observations and randomly sampled interviews took place before, and during, seven national demonstrations in Dublin, Ireland. Simultaneously, urban ethnographic research yielded in-depth observational and interview data at local protests in another Irish city. Data from both national and local protests is examined in light of classical and contemporary socio-cultural psychological conceptualizations of the crowd. The elaborated social identity model offers most explanatory power to comprehend the observed and reported events between police and protesters in this cultural context during an unprecedented economic recovery following recession. No evidence is found to support classical conceptualizations of the crowd. I describe the consequences of this analysis for conceptualizing police – protester interactions to generate peaceful assembly in liberal democracies.
THE NATIONAL COURT FOLLOW-UP IN THE CJ EU CASE “SINDICATUL FAMILIA E.A.” REGARDING THE WORKING TIME OF FOSTER PARENTS IN ROMANIA
Authors: Anghel Răzvan
Published: December 2020

The CJEU judgement in Sindicatul Familia case (C‑147/17) is a steppingstone for the working time Directive 2003/88 interpretation and application and for the European debate regarding the foster carer for children statute, the remuneration and working time. The article presents the national court decision following the CJEU judgement accompanied by the author´s commentaries. The purpose of the article is to provide legal professionals with the information on the practical results of the dialog between CJEU and national courts and the way national courts use European legislation interpretations given in the preliminary ruling procedure aiming at its uniform application in the EU member states.
Sentença definitiva por simulação parcial do consenso por exclusão da prole (21 de fevereiro de 2019)
Authors: Ferreira Pena Jair , Rosa Ramos Leonardo
Published: December 2020

Sentença definitiva por simulação parcial do consenso por exclusão da prole (21 de fevereiro de 2019)
Editorial
Authors: Geraldo Denilson
Published: December 2020

Editorial
O Batismo de crianças adotadas por pessoas do mesmo sexo (Parte II)
Authors: França Marcio Fernando
Published: December 2020

A possibilidade de batizar crianças adotadas por pessoas do mesmo sexo, traz consigo algumas consequências no plano pastoral e litúrgico. A primeira delas, é o acompanhamento pastoral personalizado com o qual os responsáveis pelas crianças são ajudados a refletir sobre o sentido do seu pedido, instruídos quanto a celebração do sacramento e, ao mesmo tempo, auxiliados em sua tarefa de educar na fé. A responsabilidade pelo acompanhamento repousa sobre o pároco, que deve garanti-lo pessoalmente ou por meio de outros (catequistas e outros leigos idôneos). Além disso, é de suma importância a escolha dos padrinhos, sendo indispensável a estes preencher os requisitos determinados pelo Código para comprovar a aptidão ao ofício (cf. can. 874 §1), e a presença da comunidade que acolhe a criança, a assiste no Batismo e colabora na sua educação cristã. Deve ainda o pároco agir de maneira prudente, cuidando que a celebração não seja instrumentalizada, a fins políticos ou de promoção da cultura gay, mas sim preparada convenientemente, com a devida dignidade, de modo piedoso e com exatidão, “segundo o ritual prescrito nos livros litúrgicos aprovados” (can. 850). Quanto ao modo de proceder a anotação no livro dos batizados, aplicar-se-á a normativa do can. 877 §§1-3, com as devidas adaptações que o caso exige.
Use of immunohistochemistry for detection of Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shah Niharika , Popper Helmut , Karki Smriti , Mishra Deebya Raj
Published: December 2020

Background: Since the advent of targeted therapy in lung cancer, in settings where it is not possible to send for molecular testing of lung adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemistry for EGFR mutation-specific antibodies can be used as an alternative for detection of EGFR mutation.

Materials and methods: 50 lung adenocarcinoma cases were screened at the Medical University of Graz. 19 cases in which molecular test as well as immunohistochemistry were positive for EGFR mutation. Cases where immunohistochemistry results and molecular test for the E-746-A750 deletion and the L858 mutation were positive, were considered true positives. Similarly, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives were determined.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 78.6 yrs. Among 19 cases, 7 were positive for E-746-A750 deletion (7/19, 36%), among which 4 cases also showed positivity with IHC. 4 were positive for the L858 mutation (4/19, 21%), among which 3 also showed positivity with immunohistochemistry. The rest of the 8 cases were positive for EGFR mutation in other loci. The sensitivity and specificity of the immunohistochemistry test of antibody specific to E-746-A750 exon 19 deletion was 100% and 80% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the IHC test of Ab specific to L858 mutation was 75%, and 100% respectively.

Conclusions: Our results have been comparable to previous studies. However, our sample size was a limitation. It can still be concluded that immunohistochemistry can be a diagnostic option in low resource settings, and can aid in ensuring that patients with a positive antibody test get targeted therapy.
Hematological and biochemical profile of person with macrocytic anemia in a tertiary health care centre of Nepal
Authors: Pathak Rakesh , Pudasaini Sujata , Ghimire Sushmita , Basnyat Anil Singh , KC Anuj
Published: December 2020

Background: Anemia is a nutritional problem worldwide with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Macrocytic anemia often originates from abnormalities that impair the erythroid precursor maturation in the bone marrow. Since the clinical manifestations of different types of anemias are similar, hematological parameters including hemoglobin, Red blood cell indices, and Peripheral Blood Smear examination are useful in the diagnosis of anemia.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Pathology at Nepal Medical College Teaching hospital. A total of 42 patients between 14 to 62 years with low Hb concentration according to the World Health Organization criteria for anemia were selected and a mean cell volume > 100 fL was taken for study. Peripheral blood smear examination, Red blood cell indices, Vitamin B12, and Folic acid level were evaluated.

Results: There were 42 patients with macrocytic anemia enrolled in the study with a mean age of 31.85±12.49 years and with female preponderance. Hemoglobin level was slightly low in males compared to females. Red blood cell indices were slightly higher in males. The difference of serum Vit B12 and Folic acid in male and female was found to be significant.

Conclusions: It was concluded that for the diagnosis of a specific type of anemia, hemoglobin, Red blood cell indices, reticulocytes percent, and PBS examination were important parameters. Serum Folic acid and Vitamin B12 level estimation along with other hematological parameters are important for the diagnosis of macrocytic anemia and its correlation
Utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in head and neck lesions and its correlation with histopathology- a study in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Thapa Sushma , Ghosh Arnab , Ghartmagar Dilasma , Regmi Sudeep , Talwar OP
Published: December 2020

Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology has rapidly gained acceptance due to the easy accessibility of target sites and minimally invasive nature. It is a very simple, quick, cost-effective method of sampling alternative to the time consuming complicated and invasive excision biopsy. The study aimed to access the utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of various head and neck lesions and also to establish the diagnostic accuracy between the cytological and histopathological diagnosis.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study of 380 cases of FNACs on head and neck swellings performed in various age groups in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. 

Results: Out of 380 patients, the maximum number of cases were seen in the thyroid (40.8%), followed by lymph nodes (39.5%), skin, soft tissue, miscellaneous (10.8%) and salivary glands (8.9%). Benign and non-neoplastic cases outnumbered (88.1%) the malignant (10.8%) cases. Histopathological follow-up was available in 28 (7.4%) cases among which 25 (89.3%) cases were consistent with the cytodiagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated to be 80%, 94.4%, and 89.3% respectively.

Conclusions: The majority of the cases of head and neck swellings were seen in the thyroid followed by lymph nodes, skin, soft tissue, miscellaneous, and salivary glands. In thyroid, colloid goiter and papillary carcinoma were the commonest benign and malignant lesions respectively. In the lymph node, reactive lymphadenitis, and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma were the commonest benign and malignant lesions respectively.
Histomorphological evaluation of non-neoplastic cutaneous disorders
Authors: Sherpa Palzum , Amatya Amit
Published: December 2020

Background: The similarity in clinical presentations of a wide gamut of non-neoplastic cutaneous pathology leads to diagnostic challenges. Histopathological study of skin biopsy aids in the accurate identification of skin lesions so that they can be managed appropriately.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed in the Department of Pathology at Patan Academy of Health Sciences from April 2017 to March 2020. Data from the histopathology database were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.
Results: Non-neoplastic lesions constituted 180 cases (31.86%) of the total of 565 skin biopsies received during the study period. The age ranged from 5 months to 95 years with a mean age of 36 years. There was no overall particular gender predilection. Amongst the diagnostic categories, the prevalence of non-infectious erythematous, papular, and squamous diseases was the highest followed by microbial diseases and non-infectious vesiculobullous and vesiculopustular diseases. Lichen planus followed by urticaria was the most frequently encountered lesions in non-infectious erythematous, papular, and squamous diseases. Leprosy was the commonest microbial disease. In the non-infectious vesiculobullous and vesiculopustular category, spongiotic dermatitis was most prevalent. Spongiotic dermatitis followed by lichen planus, leprosy, and calcinosis cutis were the commonest non-neoplastic disorders.
Conclusions: Amongst the diagnostic categories, the prevalence of non-infectious erythematous, papular, and squamous diseases was the highest followed by microbial diseases and non-infectious vesiculobullous and vesiculopustular diseases. In this study, spongiotic
“Ah non, je ne parle pas anglais moi. Je suis française !” Une contribution à la typologie des pragmatèmes
Authors: De Oliveira Ruth
Published: December 2020

This work presents and discusses the development of the hypothesis according to which clitic doubling (pronominal reduplication), as seen in the sentence “Je ne parle pas anglais moi. / I do not speak English [me]”, has the fundamental structural and pragmatic parameters of the pragmatem (R. D e O l i v e i r a, 2018). Structural, because it is a compositional construction but selected as a whole by the speaker to respond to a communication goal associated with a precise utterance situation (G. F l é c h o n et al., 2012); pragmatic, since this device is a means of acting on the interlocutive context, allowing the accomplishment of a certain number of specific acts (I. M e l’č u k, 2013). In this sense, we argue that, like the pragmatem, the devise called French clitic doubling simultaneously has the following three characteristics, it is (i) fixed, (ii) compositional, and (iii) associated with a specific utterance situation.
Le palimpseste collocationnel : mécanismes productifs de formation des collocations métaphoriques V + N
Authors: De Giovanni Cosimo
Published: December 2020

In this article we argue in favor of a useful model to explain the productive mechanisms of formation of verb + noun metaphorical collocations. We postulate that verbo-nominal collocations, relating to human activities and relating to the fields of techniques, crafts, art and manufactures constitute a model for the metaphorical collocations. We will apply our model to metaphorical collocations with the French verb forger. For the application of our model, a corpus analysis will be necessary.
Les formules expressives de la conversation : délimitation et esquisse de typologie
Authors: Gharbi Najwa
Published: December 2020

This article first focuses on the defining criteria of expressive formulas for conversation (now FEC) in order to delimit their linguistic characteristics. Secondly, we offer a sketch of the typology of FEC based on semantic and pragmatic criteria.
L’amour et la révolte dans Le couteau sur la table, roman de Jacques Godbout
Authors: Mojžíšová Natalie
Published: December 2020

The novel depicts the relationship of a young couple living in Montreal. The poetics of the text not only provides the reader with an unusual aesthetic experience but also reveals interesting details about life in Canada in the 1960s. We will introduce the main characters of the novel and focus on some of its aspects, especially those moments where the political situation, whether historically distant or recent, is reflected in the life of modern society. The sixties of the twentieth century were imbued with a desire to resist authority which was lived collectively and also as an individual issue. In the novel, the theme of revolt is portrayed on both these levels, but it shows that it is not always easy to realize one’s ideas in practice.The structure of the novel which refers to the influence of nouveau roman is composed of fragmentary narrative, repetitive allusions and unfinished sentences. Using all these techniques Jacques Godbout has created a captivating text, fascinating especially by its disquieting dynamics.
Designing HOTS-based Digital Media to Teach Writing: Exploring Students’ Need Analysis
Authors: Pamungkas Nailul Author Restu , Wulandari Lutfina Tarita
Published: December 2020

21st Century skills are one of the educational goals in Indonesia. One of the main goals is enable students to compete at the global level. As a consequence, HOTS-based learning is introduced through 2013 curriculum. In this case, media, materials and teachers should be able to facilitate the students getting used to implement HOTS. To fulfil these challenges, this study investigated the students’ needs which are then used as a basis in the development of digital media. This study is classified into research and development (R & D). A questionnaire was employed to take the data and was distributed to 83 senior high school students. Three students voluntarily took part in the interview to confirm the results of the questionnaire. The results of this study showed that students faced difficulty in learning writing, especially in using the correct grammar and mastering English vocabulary. Consequently, they need and want the material or activity in the media that can train them to improve their understanding of grammar and vocabulary mastery. In addition, they also declared that they need to improve their HOTS, as they are still unable to use analyzing and creating skills. At the same time, the learning-need data indicated that students hoped that the developed media should provide opportunities for fellow students and teachers to mutually review writing and provide constructive comments. The material in the media is expected to provide warm-up activities in forms of videos, quizzes and problems to be discussed. All the topics provided must be relevant to their daily life.
Analysis of Docetaxel Adverse Drug Reactions: A Retrospective Study Based on Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center Database
Authors: Hameed Ahmed M. , J. Kadhim Dheyaa , M. Younus Manal
Published: December 2020

Docetaxel is an effective treatment approved for many types of cancers, but its effectiveness in clinical practice can be compromised by significant occurrence of adverse drug reactions. The aim of the current study was to measure the distribution of adverse drug reactions of docetaxel reported in Iraq and to assess the causality, severity, seriousness, preventability, expectedness and outcome of these adverse reactions. A retrospective study conducted on individual case safety reports from the Iraqi Pharmacovigilance Center / Ministry of Health. The study included 118 individual case safety report containing 236 adverse drug reactions.Most of the adverse drug reactions were related to skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders(26.7%), followed by respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders (20.8%), gastrointestinal disorders (17.4%) and general disorders and administration site conditions (10.6%). The majority of these reactions with possible causality (68.6%), moderate severity (75.4%), expected (80.5%), possibly preventable (93.2%), and serious (80.5%). In addition the most common outcome of adverse drug reactions was recovered / resolved (46.19%).
THE IMPACTS OF ROBOTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON SERVICE QUALITY IN THE HOTEL INDUSTRY
Authors: Marković Suzana , Raspor Janković Sanja , Zubović Vedran
Published: December 2020

Service robots and artificial intelligence promise to improve the service quality. Robotics in combination with rapidly improving technologies like artificial intelligence, bring opportunities for a wide range of innovations that have the potential to change service quality in hotel industry. Based on an extensive literature review, this article presents the acceptance of service robots in hotel industry. The paper acknowledges that the adoption of the robots and artificial intelligence on service quality is focused on the challenges of technological characteristics, customers’ readiness and practical effectiveness of the business. The study provides a comprehensive and systematic review of robots and AI concepts in a hotel industry and examines their impacts on service quality. The hotel industry future is going to be affected with high-tech tourism companies offering robot-automated services which rely on guidance to adopt and integrate robotics into their customer service operations.
THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – AN IMPEDIMENT IN PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTS
Authors: Zaheeruddin Mohammed
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented situation all over the world, ocmpelled the governments to declare lockdown, closing of businesses, industries, commercial activities, ban on certain imports and exports. Under these circumstances, an obligor may not be able to perform his contractual obligations, consequently may result in breach of contract. In case of claim of damages by the obligee for breach of contract, the obligor may seek exemption from damages under the law of impediment or force majeure. According to Article 79 of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 1980 (CISG), a party is not liable for damages due to non-performance, delay or defect in performance, if he can prove that the failure was due to an impediment beyond his control. The COVID-19 situations are beyond the control of the parties to the contract, must be considered as an impediment or force majeure and the non-performing party is entitled for exemption from damages under Article 79 of CISG.
The model of the world in the poetry of ‘the new 2010s’: G. Medvedev, A. Trifonova, A. Kinash
Authors: Golubeva M. V.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the motif structure of the books by three young poets: G. Medvedev (A Butterfly Knife [Nozh-babochka], 2019), A. Trifonova (a yellow Ikarus bus in the distance [zhelty ikarus vdali], 2019), and A. Kinash (Fragments from a Dream Dictionary [Otryvki iz sonnika], 2019). A comparative analysis of the three books helps the author to identify typical generational traits — in poetics, themes, the motif structure, as well as ways to interpret the laws of the universe and solve semantic problems. The topic of a child’s world features in the works by Medvedev, Trifonova and Kinash alike; their childhood is shaped by playgrounds in provincial towns, active outdoor games and 1990s children’s folklore, although each of them treats these biographical and literary themes in their own way. Trifonova prefers a linear interpretation of time and space, while Kinash chooses to employ a mythological chronotope; in Medvedev’s book, time and space follow the principles of historical organization with their holistic and systematic character. Childhood appears to be the starting point for creation of the poetic system of each of the poets as well as a destination they keep returning to.
The archetypal nature of a model of narration. White Fang as the Terminator
Authors: Grinfeld V. A.
Published: December 2020

Jack London’s books have always been known and loved in Russia. However, most readers, including professional ones, tend to see them only as romanticized stories about exotic locations, people and customs. Some critics, including the American Malcolm Cowley, even went as far as to state that Jack London belongs in the past. This paper offers a slightly different take on one of the writer’s most popular novels: White Fang. The story of a strong and ferocious beast, three-quarters a wolf, is treated as a parable about the creature’s original life choice: a turn from sociopathy to acceptance of a society, and from hate to love. Also pointed out is a plot parallel in London’s narrative: at the end of the novel, two creatures stand against each other as deadly foes, both nurtured by a hostile environment but driven by circumstances to completely opposite modes of life. Such a plot structure appears to be archetypal for modern authors. It is used, in particular, in one of James Cameron’s movies, Terminator 2: Judgment Day.
HOW CLIMATE CHANGE CAN INFLUENCE THE AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE: A REVIEW
Authors:   L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT, Maidanovych N.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this work is to review and analyze the main results of modern research on the impact of climate change on the agro-sphere of Ukraine. Results. Analysis of research has shown that the effects of climate change on the agro-sphere are already being felt today and will continue in the future. The observed climate changes in recent decades have already significantly affected the shift in the northern direction of all agro-climatic zones of Europe, including Ukraine. From the point of view of productivity of the agro-sphere of Ukraine, climate change will have both positive and negative consequences. The positives include: improving the conditions of formation and reducing the harvesting time of crop yields; the possibility of effective introduction of late varieties (hybrids), which require more thermal resources; improving the conditions for overwintering crops; increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. Model estimates of the impact of climate change on wheat yields in Ukraine mainly indicate the positive effects of global warming on yields in the medium term, but with an increase in the average annual temperature by 2 ° C above normal, grain yields are expected to decrease. The negative consequences of the impact of climate change on the agrosphere include: increased drought during the growing season; acceleration of humus decomposition in soils; deterioration of soil moisture in the southern regions; deterioration of grain quality and failure to ensure full vernalization of grain; increase in the number of pests, the spread of pathogens of plants and weeds due to favorable conditions for their overwintering; increase in wind and water erosion of the soil caused by an increase in droughts and extreme rainfall; increasing risks of freezing of winter crops due to lack of stable snow cover. Conclusions. Resource-saving agricultural technologies are of particular importance in the context of climate change. They include technologies such as no-till, strip-till, ridge-till, which make it possible to partially store and accumulate mulch on the soil surface, reduce the speed of the surface layer of air and contribute to better preservation of moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period. And in determining the most effective ways and mechanisms to reduce weather risks for Ukrainian farmers, it is necessary to take into account the world practice of climate-smart technologies.