bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new formation model of the Atlantic-Arctic heterochronous rifting system: A concept and basic provisions
Authors: KREMENETSKIY Alexander
Published: September 2021

A new formation model of the global Atlantic-Arctic heterochronous rifting system is substantiated, according to which the Central and North Atlantics, Labrador-Baffin seas, and Arctic Ocean represent morpho-tectonic elements of different orders of the united recent Atlantic-Arctic Ocean. Evolution of the global rift system of this ocean includes three stages: the first stage (D–J1) was expressed by establishment of a tectonic zone in the lithosphere of Pangea with formation of the ophiolite ultrabasite-gabbro association; the second stage (J1–₽1) represented stretching of the continental crust to form depressions and uplifts with areal manifestation of trap magmatism of Cretaceous and other ages; and the third one (₽2–present) is neotectonic-magmatic reactivation with formation of a middle ridge, that is being accompanied by outpouring of glassy basalts and by hydrothermal manifestations. Within the framework of this model, the history of formation is reconstructed of the Eurasian Basin and the Gakkel Ridge, that were included in the Russia's updated application for expansion of the outer continental shelf border.
Attributes that influence academics' data sharing in Nigeria: the effects of organization culture
Authors: Abdullahi Khalid Ayuba , Noorhidawati A. ,   Department of Library & Information Science, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya
Published: September 2021

Introduction. This study was conducted to ascertain the attributes that influence data sharing practices among academics in Nigerian universities. Nigeria is known to be a country with limited resources to acquire digital paraphernalia which may restrict data sharing practices. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence research data sharing practices among academics in Nigeria. The scope entails a broad context in the lens of organization cultural theory as efforts in data sharing practice are hypothesized to be influenced by institutional involvement besides individual decision. Method. A survey questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. A random sample consisting of 378 academics represented the academics in Nigeria. Analysis. Partial least square analysis was employed to evaluate the proposed model. Results. The findings indicated several factors which had influenced data sharing practices among academics in Nigeria including organizational, personal, and social attributes. Conclusion. This study is important to extend knowledge on data sharing behaviour particularly for academics in a periphery country like Nigeria and the attributes expected to influence these practices.
A Study on the Role of Precision Agriculture in Agro-Industry
Authors: C. J. Siddegowda , Jayanthila Devi A.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Agriculture is a vast field that necessitates the assistance of disciplines from other fields in order to properly grow. In recent days Information technology is been used in agriculture that helps in the efficiency of the growth of the productivity of agriculture such as in the development of the quality of the farming and its products Precision agriculture are used to increase the growth of the crop quantity. In this paper, a survey includes the analysis and application of precision agriculture. Precision agriculture is used to increase the growth of the crop quantity. And various Precision agriculture companies that have helped the farmer in the field growth. Objectives: To study the role of Information Technology used in Agriculture, and view on various techniques used in precision agriculture. Methodology/Design/Approach: The analysis and the application of precision agriculture are done by referring various research paper, articles. A Literature Survey is done. Findings/Result: Farmers are currently hesitant to use the new Techniques, when compared to traditional farming, Precision farming has the potential to produce higher yields. Originality/value: Based on the secondary data available, the paper focus on the application of precision agriculture. Findings/Result: To study the role of Information Technology used in Agriculture, Precision Agriculture.
The effect of Thymbra spicata extract and its bioactive component Thymol on non-small-cells lung cancer cell line A549
Authors: Moayeri Ardeshir , Mohammadpour Shahram , abbasi Naser , Aidy Ali , Karimi Elahe , Ghaneialvar Hori
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Alternative medicine is important in cancer treatment. The apoptotic effect of Thymol and extracted Thymol from Thymbra spicata on non-small-cells lung cancer was studied.

Material and methods

Thymol was evaluated in Thymbra spicata extract by HPCL. Cell viability was assessed by MTT method. DCF and flu3-AM probe was used for ROS and cai2+ analysis, respectively. Western blotting was performed to measure NOX2 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.

Results

Obtained data showed that Thymol was 1.51 mg/g in Thymbra spicata extract. Treatment with Thymol and extracted Thymol from Thymbra spicata resulted in cell death at high concentrations [LC50= 111±4.5 and 119±5.2 μM, respectively]. Subsequently, Thymbra spicata extract and its bioactive component increased ROS and Cai2+ production, NOX2, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.

Conclusions

This study revealed the anticancer effects of Thymol and Thymbra spicata extract on non-small-cells lung cancer and at least part of that effect was related to the increase in the NOX2 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Our results demonstrated that TSE and Thymol at high concentrations (180, 120, and 80 μM) decreased the growth of A549 cells. It appeared that cytotoxic activity was exerted through activation of NOX2, ROS generation, increase in Cai2+, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Present results demonstrated that TSE and thymol may be potential therapeutic agents for human lung cancer.
Different sonographic features of peripheral thyroid nodule calcification and risk of malignancy: a prospective observational study
Authors: Nabahati Mehrdad , Ghaemian Naser , Moazezi Zoleika , Mehraeen Rahele
Published: September 2021

Introduction

To investigate the association of peripheral calcification, as well as its sonographic features, with thyroid nodule malignancy.

Material and methods

This study was prospectively conducted during 2015-2020 on patients diagnosed with thyroid nodule undergoing ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in Shahid Beheshti teaching hospital or private offices in Babol, northern Iran. The ultrasonographic characteristics of the nodules, as well as the cytological findings, were recorded. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between sonographic results and malignancy. We also used receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis to estimate the ability of ultrasound to predict the characteristic features of malignancy, as estimated by the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

A total of 1857 thyroid nodules were finally included, of which 84 were peripherally calcified nodules. There was a significant positive association between the nodule malignancy and peripheral calcification (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.13-4.35). In the nodules with peripheral calcification, significant positive associations were seen between malignancy and lobulated margin (OR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.02-14.54) and solid composition (OR = 4.05, 95% CI: 0.99-16.53). The ROC analysis indicated that AUC for lobulated margin and solid composition was 63.8% and 66.5%, respectively, in predicting malignant thyroid nodules.

Conclusions

The findings showed that peripheral calcification on sonography can be a potential indicator of malignant thyroid nodules. Also, the presence of lobulated margin and/or solid composition, besides peripheral calcification, can be helpful in better distinguishing malignant from benign nodules.
Magnetic resonance neurography findings in three critically ill COVID-19 patients with new onset of extremity peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Omar Imran M. , Garg Ankur
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) is most commonly associated with respiratory syndromes, although patients are presenting more frequently with neurological symptoms. When they occur, neurological conditions most commonly involve the central nervous system, and peripheral nervous system effects, particularly in the extremities, have been less commonly described. The mechanisms of peripheral neuropathy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 are likely to be multifactorial, and extremity peripheral nerve imaging in these cases has not been well described.

Case presentation

In this case series, we describe the magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) findings in 3 critically ill patients who presented with new onset of peripheral neuropathies in the extremities, and we discuss possible common mechanisms of nerve injury, including the role of position-related nerve injury.

Conclusions

MRN can be useful in identifying and localizing peripheral nerve abnormalities in the extremities of COVID-19 patients, and patients who are placed in the prone position during ventilation may be more susceptible to these injuries.
Imaging features of the aging spine
Authors: Wocial Krzysztof , A. Feldman Beata , Mruk Bartosz , Sklinda Katarzyna , Walecki Jerzy , Waśko Marcin
Published: September 2021

Among many degenerative abnormalities commonly found in spine imaging, not all are associated with the patient’s symptoms. We aimed to assess features of the standard, asymptomatic aging process of the spine. In this narrative review, we emphasize studies that describe imaging features of the spine in asymptomatic populations of different age groups. Degeneration of the intervertebral discs, bulging, and facet joint arthropathy have been documented in almost 90% of asymptomatic patients over 60 years of age. After the age of 40 years, nearly all patients have anterior and lateral vertebral osteophytes, whereas posterior osteophytes are found in a minority of them. There is a gradual increase in vertebral bone marrow fat composition with age with the acceleration of this process in women after menopause. The prevalence of these findings is common in asymptomatic populations and varies depending on the patient’s age. It is essential to differentiate likely natural and age-related findings from pathological abnormalities to make an accurate diagnosis.
Is chest X-ray severity scoring for COVID-19 pneumonia reliable?
Authors: A. Abo-Hedibah Sherif , Tharwat Nehal , H. Elmokadem Ali
Published: September 2021

Introduction

To explore whether chest X-ray severity scoring (CX-SS) could be reliable to assess the severity of pulmonary parenchymal disease in COVID-19 patients.

Material and methods

The study consisted of 325 patients whose COVID-19 was confirmed by RT-PCR test and who underwent chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) studies to assess parenchymal disease severity. Only 195 cases included in the final analysis after exclusion of cases with previous chest disease and cases having more than 24 hours interval between their X-ray and CT chest studies. Both chest X-ray and CT severity scores (CT-SS) were recorded by 2 experienced radiologists and were compared to the clinical severity. Interobserver agreement was assessed for CX-SS and CT-SS.

Results

In relation to the clinical severity, the sensitivity of the CX-SS for diagnosis of moderate to severe parenchymal disease was high (90.4% and 100%) and low for mild cases (66.2%), while the specificity was high for mild to moderate parenchymal disease (100%) compared to severe cases (86.7%). The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the CT-SS were higher than CX-SS. Pearson correlation coefficient demonstrated a strong positive correlation between CX-SS and CT-SS (rs = 0.88, p < 0.001). The inter-observer agreement for CX-SS was good (k = 0.79, p = 0.001), and it was excellent for CT-SS (k = 0.85, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

CX-SS is reliable to assess the severity of COVID-19 pulmonary parenchymal disease, especially in moderate and severe cases, with the tendency of overestimation of severe cases.
Non-invasive multi-channel deep learning convolutional neural networks for localization and classification of common hepatic lesions
Authors: Shah Shubham , Mishra Ruby , Szczurowska Agata , Guziński Maciej
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Machine learning techniques, especially convolutional neural networks (CNN), have revolutionized the spectrum of computer vision tasks with a primary focus on supervised and labelled image datasets. We aimed to assess a novel method to segment the liver from the abdomen computed tomography (CT) image using the CNN network, and to train a unique method to locate and classify liver lesion pre-histological findings using multi-channel deep learning CNN (MDL-CNN).

Material and methods

The post-contrast CT images of the liver with a resolution of 0.625 mm were chosen for the study. In a random method, 50 examples of each hepatocellular carcinomas, metastases tumours, haemangiomas, hepatic cysts were chosen and evaluated.

Results

The dice score quantitatively analyses the similarity of segmentation results with the training dataset. In the first CNN model for segmenting the liver, the dice score was 96.18%. The MDL-CNN model yielded 98.78% accuracy in classification, and the dice score for locating liver lesions was 95.70%. Additionally, the performance of this model was compared to various other existing models.

Conclusions

According to our study, the machine learning approach can be successfully implemented to segment the liver and classify lesions, which will help radiologists impart better diagnosis.
The role of diffusion tensor imaging in idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss: is it significant?
Authors: Mahmoud Walaa , Elshawaf Wessam , Tawfik Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Introduction

To assess the role of diffusion tensor imaging metrics in the evaluation of the microstructural integrity of the central auditory tract in patients with idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and to compare these patients with healthy controls.

Material and methods

This prospective study, which was conducted upon 30 subjects (21 males, 9 females; age range from 16 to 65 years, mean age 45years) with SNHL proven by audiometric tests. Ten age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were included as a control group. Patients (n = 30) and volunteers (n = 10) underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging of the brain. Both fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (MD) of 3 points along the acoustic tract (inferior colliculus, lateral lemniscus and superior olivary nucleus) were measured bilaterally in all patients and correlated with controls.

Results

Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values were reduced bilaterally at the superior olivary nucleus and/or lateral lemniscus and more significantly at the inferior colliculus of subjects with SNHL in comparison to the volunteers. In patients of unilateral SNHL, similar results were obtained in the contralateral side when compared to controls with statistically significant difference at the 3 regions (p = 0.001). No significant changes were noticed in the MD parame­ters either in patient or control groups.

Conclusions

The FA value was a valuable non-invasive biomarker in evaluating the subtle microstructural abnormali­ties of the central auditory tract in idiopathic SNHL and correlated well with hearing impairment.
Ischaemic brain changes associated with catheter-based diagnostic cerebral angiography: a diffusion-weighted imaging study
Authors: Ikizceli Turkan , Donmez Halil , Kahveci Servet , Kahriman Guven
Published: September 2021

Introduction

This study aims to evaluate the incidence of clinically silent embolic cerebral infarctions and associated risk factors following diagnostic cerebral angiography with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Material and methods

A total of 71 cerebral digital subtraction angiograms (42 male, 29 female, average age: 56.0 ± 15.0) obtained using nonionic contrast material were prospectively evaluated. To assess embolic events, before and after (1-3 days) angiography, DWI was performed. The risk factors for embolic ischemic brain changes such as the patient’s age and sex, atherosclerotic vessel wall disease, type of indication for catheter angiography, the number and size of the catheters, anatomic variants, selective/nonselective catheterization, contrast media volume, and time of procedure were determined. Fisher’s exact tests and Student t-tests were used for the statistical analyses of outcomes.

Results

Thirteen new silent ischemic lesions were identified in 7 out of 71 patients who underwent diagnostic cerebral angiography. Embolic cerebral lesions were often 6-10mm in diameter. According to the findings in this study, there was a strong correlation between diffusion abnormality and patient age, which was considered risk factors (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant correlations between other risk factors and the lesions’ appearance (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

In elderly patients, the angiographic procedures should be performed meticulously and DWI in all patients obtained routinely, even if the regular neurological examination shows they are healthy. In this way, the presence of microemboli and clinical results can be evaluated.
Percutaneous embolization of contained iatrogenic vesicourethral fistula using AVP and NBCA: a case report
Authors: Alrashidi Ibrahim , Alharbi Rehab , Shin Ji Hoon
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Reports on percutaneous embolization of vesicourethral anastomotic fistula are limited.

Case presentation: A 59-year-old male presented with persistent contained vesicourethral fistula following low anterior resection and radical retropubic prostectomy for rectal cancer. A contained fistula with urinary leakage of 350 ml/day through a Jackson-Pratt (JP) tube was found at the posterior aspect of the vesicourethral anastomotic site on cystography. After 1 month of failed conventional urinary drainage manoeuvre, percutaneous embolization of the contained fistula was successfully performed through the JP tube. An Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) was used to block the fistula and N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) was used to obliterate the urinoma cavity. Computed tomography scans at 1-month and 1-year follow-ups showed stable AVP position and complete obliteration of the cavity by NBCA.

Conclusions: The contained vesicourethral anastomotic fistula was successfully managed with AVP and NBCA via a JP drainage tube. It is expected that AVP will block the fistula and NBCA will obliterate the urinoma cavity effectively.
Chest computed tomography versus RT-PCR in early diagnostics
of COVID-19 – a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Santura Izabella , Kawalec Paweł , Furman Maciej , Bochenek Tomasz
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography (CT) scans of the chests of patients with the reference reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in early diagnosis of COVID-19. A systematic review with meta-analysis for numerical outcomes was performed, including 10 studies (6528 patients). High risk of systematic bias (spectrum bias) was demonstrated in all studies, while in several studies research information bias was found to be possible. The sensitivity of CT examination ranged from 72% to 98%, and the specificity from 22% to 96%. The overall sensitivity of the CT scan was 91% and the specificity 87% (95% CI). Overall sensitivity of the RT-PCR reference test was lower (87%) than its specificity (99%) (95% CI). No clear conclusion could be drawn on the rationale of using CT scanning in the early diagnosis of COVID-19 in situations when specific clinical symptoms and epidemiological history would indicate coronavirus infection. The sensitivity of the CT test seems to be higher than that of the RT-PCR reference test, but this may be related to the mode of analysis and type of material analysed in genetic tests. CT scanning could be performed in symptomatic patients, with a defined time interval from symptom onset to performing CT or RT-PCR, and it should be explicitly included as an additional procedure when initial coronavirus genetic test results are negative, while clinical symptoms and epidemiological history indicate possible infection. However, a reference test showing the presence of coronavirus genetic material is essential throughout the diagnostic and treatment process.
A ATUAÇÃO DO PROFISSIONAL DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO CONTEXTO DA ATENÇÃO PRIMARIA Á SAÚDE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Araújo Mayra Silva
Published: September 2021

Introdução: O profissional de educação física contempla a equipe multiprofissional do núcleo de apoio à saúde da família, atuando através de atividade física sistematizada e práticas corporais, partindo da concepção de saúde coletiva .O Sistema Único de Saúde considera a prática habitual de atividade física, fundamental para a saúde integral, devendo ser incentivada e orientada por profissional capacitado. Objetivo: Analisar a atuação do profissional de Educação Física no contexto da Atenção primaria à Saúde no Brasil. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com busca nas bases de dados Scielo e Google scholar com publicações dos últimos 10 anos, utilizando-se os descritores: atenção primaria, atividade física, profissional de educação física. Resultados: A atuação do profissional de educação física reflete de modo positivo e fundamental nos serviços de saúde, mesmo que alguns profissionais da saúde desconheçam seu trabalho. Os artigos analisados consideram que o papel do profissional está diretamente associado a prescrição de exercícios físicos como caráter preventivo as doenças crônicas não degenerativas. Porém, ainda existe carência de informações sobre os serviços públicos de saúde e a atuação do profissional de educação física em sua formação. Nota-se a necessidade de investimento político e acadêmico para definição de estratégias na integração do profissional de educação física na atenção primaria. Sugerindo novas formas de capacitação, para que a Educação Física assuma com propriedade seu novo campo de atuação. Conclusão: Este trabalho revelou que a inserção do profissional de educação física é tida como fundamental e complementar tanto para os membros da equipe, quanto para os usuários. Entretanto, a carência na formação do profissional, mediante ao seu direcionamento para a atuação na atenção primaria.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS EXERCÍCIOS FÍSICOS NA TERCEIRA IDADE
Authors: Oliveira Wanderley Gomes de , Cardoso Dayane Gomes , Souza Rosimara Da Costa De , Pontes Victor Hugo Monteiro , Trindade Waldecy Da Silva
Published: September 2021

Introdução: No Brasil, o processo de envelhecimento está acontecendo de forma intensa, com uma expectativa de vida maior, o que significa que, dos habitantes brasileiros, 14,3% são idosos. Desde 2019, este número ultrapassa os 29 milhões e a expectativa, até 2060, é que este número aumente para 73 milhões com 60 anos ou mais, representando um aumento de 160%. Assim, a qualidade de vida dos idosos têm sido motivo de discussões pelos aspectos que ela envolve e interfere. Objetivo: investigar a importância dos exercícios físicos no processo do envelhecimento. Materiais e Métodos: deu-se numa pesquisa de revisão de literatura, de cunho descritivo e narrativo. Resultado: com o envelhecimento, o idoso traz consigo de maneira natural, o desgaste do seu organismo, resultando na diminuição das suas valências físicas, fazendo com que ele fique debilitado e tenha menos oportunidades e eficiência de seu aparelho locomotor, e ainda, no desenvolvimento de suas atividades físicas diárias. De acordo com o perfil epidemiológico do idoso, essa população têm como características três cargas de doenças com forte predominância das condições crônicas, dominância de elevar a mortalidade, e morbidade por condições agudas resultantes de causas externas. Diante disso, a inserção de uma rotina de exercícios físicos no estilo de vida de pessoas idosas traz benefícios à curto e longo prazo, e têm resultados quase que imediatos, pois estes são visíveis em curto prazo: diminuição de riscos de quedas e fraturas. Além das doenças e problemas de saúde como diabetes, hipertensão arterial, osteoporose, artrite e depressão, os exercícios físicos também podem diminuir a taxa de gordura corporal e aumentar a força e o aumento do volume muscular, diminuição de seus níveis de triglicerídeos e da pressão arterial, aumentar colesterol HDL, aumentar à sensibilidade das células a insulina, diminuir a perda mineral óssea. Conclusão: Os benefícios dos exercícios físicos para pessoas da terceira idade são físicos, sociais e psicológicos. Portanto, pessoas da terceira idade com boa aptidão física conseguem desempenhar as atividades básicas da vida diária não dependendo de outras pessoas e assim ter autonomia.
APOIO MATRICIAL EM SAÚDE MENTAL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Jesus Ricardo da Silva de , Barbosa Guilherme Correa , Domingos Thiago Da Silva
Published: September 2021

Introdução: As políticas públicas de saúde mental apresentam várias modificações nas últimas décadas, indo de um atendimento centrado no hospital para um cuidado no território. A mudança do modelo de atenção possibilitou a ampliação da oferta do cuidado. A ferramenta do apoio matricial é um fator importante no cuidado, pois permite um novo modo de produzir saúde. Objetivo: Analisar a literatura em busca de conhecer como os profissionais da Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) concebem e compreendem o Apoio Matricial em saúde mental e, as ações desenvolvidas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, cuja busca dos estudos primários ocorreu nas bases PubMed, CINAHL e LILACS. Para análise foram incluídos estudos em inglês, português e espanhol, publicados em periódicos, no período de 2016 a 2021. Resultados: A busca resultou em 79 artigos, sendo 19 estudos utilizados para subsidiar a pesquisa. Dentre os artigos que compõem a amostra, os anos de 2016 a 2018 correspondem quatro estudos (21,05%) respectivamente, cinco (26,31%) ao ano de 2019 e dois (10,52%) ao ano de 2020. No que se diz respeito a região geográfica de onde advém os estudos analisados, há considerável concentração de publicações na região Nordeste com um percentual de 52%, seguida das regiões sudeste e Sul, correspondendo a um percentual de (37%) e (11%) respectivamente. Estudo evidência que apesar do restrito investimento em apoio matricial, por parte de muitos municípios, ainda assim a prática do apoio matricial se mostra efetivo para consolidação da atuação multiprofissional, além de ser uma ferramenta importante na consolidação da integralidade do cuidado. As atividades de apoio matricial favoreceram o acesso dos sujeitos em sofrimento psíquico pelas várias esferas do sistema de saúde, permitindo a ampliação do olhar dos profissionais dos serviços de atenção primária. Conclusão: O apoio matricial é uma importante ferramenta de capacitação das equipes de APS. Entretanto, observa-se que há ainda um longo caminho a percorrer para que os profissionais se responsabilizem pelo cuidado.
ATUAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO RESIDENTE NA VISITA DOMICILIAR: PROMOVENDO A EQUIDADE
Authors: Sousa Suely de Moura Santos de
Published: September 2021

Introdução: No cenário de prática do residente em enfermagem na Estratégia Saúde da Família é importante salientar a visita domiciliar como uma ferramenta que aproxima da realidade das famílias, possibilita conhecer o território e as necessidades da comunidade. Em consonância, desenvolve ações de promoção, proteção, tratamento e recuperação da saúde, levando em consideração os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde, com intuito de promover a equidade e integralidade da assistência. Objetivo: Relatar a importância das ações desenvolvidas pelo residente durante a visita domiciliar. Material e método: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo do tipo relato de casos feitos a idosos, puérpera, crianças, desenvolvida em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família da Zona Rural do Município de Casvavel-PR. Resultados: A visita domiciliar foi direcionada a usuários com situações de fragilidades, acamados e vulnerabilidades socioeconômico, sendo assim, foram realizadas consultas de enfermagem, orientações de prevenção da lesão por pressão, prevenção de quedas, cuidados automedicação, aplicações de analgésicos, vitaminas, tratamento para anemia ferropriva, conforme prescrição médica, avaliação aleitamento materno exclusivo, calendário vacinal, aplicação vacina COVID 19, higiene correta coto umbilical, com uso do álcool 70%, planejamento familiar e coleta de exames laboratoriais. Nesse contexto, a vista domiciliar colabora com a satisfação do indivíduo e da família, promovendo bem-estar e qualidade de vida, além de melhor estratificar riscos e direcionar o cuidado de uma forma mais resolutiva. Bem como, diminui custos, já que a Unidade Saúde da Família em questão fica muito longe dos domicílios e é difícil para quem não tem meios de transporte, os quais muitas vezes precisam pagar para se deslocar para ter acesso ao serviço. Conclusão: Atuação do residente na visita domiciliar, faz com que este, desenvolva senso crítico e reflexivo da realidade e seja capaz de atuar com ações de integralidade, humanização. Portanto, permite uma maior proximidade e, consequentemente, maior responsabilização com as necessidades de saúde da população, de sua vida social e familiar.
EXPOSIÇÃO AMBIENTAL E OCUPACIONAL E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA ARTRITE REUMATOIDE: REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Monteiro Nyvea Gabriella de Camargo , Arruda Liziane Cristina De Almeida , Assami Milla Theresa De Campos , Silva Cristhiane A. Leite Da
Published: September 2021

Introdução: Artrite Reumatoide (AR) é uma doença inflamatória sistêmica, crônica e degenerativa, caracterizada pelo comprometimento da membrana sinovial das articulações periféricas que levam à destruição e limitação funcional e atinge aproximadamente 0,5 a 1% da população mundial. O grande marco da AR é seu potencial de destruir articulações, causando deformidades e limitações. A fisiopatologia da doença, ainda não está completamente elucidada, porém, é sabido que se estabelece uma vez combinados fatores genéticos, ambientais e ocupacionais, determinando o aparecimento do quadro clínico. Objetivos: Analisar a influência da exposição a fatores ambientais e ocupacionais no desenvolvimento da AR. Material e métodos: Estudo produzido através de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, utilizando-se bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scielo, LILACS e Pubmed; entre outubro de 2020 e maio de 2021. Os descritores utilizados para a busca dos artigos foram os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “Artrite reumatóide”, “Riscos Ambientais”, “Riscos Ocupacionais”. Ao todo, 62 artigos relevantes foram encontrados, possibilitando a discussão sobre o assunto. Resultados: O tabagismo tem sido amplamente estudado e foi comprovado que seu uso possui relação com o desenvolvimento e o rigor da patologia, resultados de pesquisas sugerem que o tabagismo dobra a chance de um indivíduo desenvolver AR ao longo da vida. Outros fatores de risco ambientais também relacionados são obesidade, baixos níveis séricos de vitamina D, doenças inflamatórias intestinais, infecções por certos microrganismos como Proteus mirabillis, vírus Epstein-Barr vírus, sexo feminino e tipo de dieta. Já os fatores ocupacionais ainda não são tão explorados, porém evidências sugerem relação entre a exposição à sílica e a AR. Outras substâncias como asbesto, amianto, óleo mineral e pó têxtil também foram relacionadas Conclusão: Observou-se que o fumo e a sílica são os fatores de exposição mais bem estudados, estando associados ao desenvolvimento e a um pior prognóstico da AR. Pesquisas adicionais permitirão uma compreensão completa dos fatores ambientais e ocupacionais que possa levar a intervenções preventivas para a AR afim de minimizar os riscos e possibilitar melhor qualidade de vida para os pacientes. Ademais, auxiliar a elaboração de políticas públicas com medidas que promovam a conscientização da população.
EFEITOS DE UMA INTERVENÇÃO BASE-DOMICILIAR SOBRE A ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E TEMPO DE TELA EM ADOLESCENTES OBESOS
Authors: Araújo Mayra Silva , Neto Antonio Stabelini
Published: September 2021

Introdução: A prevalência da obesidade está aumentando significativamente na infância e adolescência, tornando-se um problema global. Nesta perspectiva, a promoção de saúde por meio da prática regular de atividade física é considerada uma estratégia para diminuir a obesidade na adolescência, além de estimular um estilo de vida mais ativo fisicamente para toda a vida. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de uma intervenção base - domiciliar sobre os níveis de atividade física e tempo de tela em adolescentes obesos. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por 19 adolescentes obesos (≥ percentil 95º). Um ensaio clínico aleatorizado com a duração de 2 meses foi adotado para a presente investigação. Os participantes foram alocados em dois grupos: grupo 1 - orientação de atividade física com pedômetro; grupo 2 - controle. As variáveis analisadas foram: avaliação antropométrica, nível de atividade física dos últimos 7 dias e tempo de tela. O teste de Shapiro Wilk foi empregado para a verificar a normalidade dos dados. Os efeitos das intervenções experimentais nas variáveis foram analisados através do teste t de Student para amostras pareadas, sendo adotado um nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Após as 8 semanas foi constatado aumento significativo no número de passos/dia (pré= 7.543±2,753; pós= 11.138±3,348) no grupo intervenção. Para o tempo de tela e variáveis antropométricas, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas em nenhum dos grupos. Conclusões: O presente estudo visa o incentivo a prática de atividade física por meio do estabelecimento de metas promoveu o aumento significativo do número de passos realizados por estes adolescentes obesos. Diante disto, intervenções similares com finalidade de verificar os efeitos da promoção de AF, diminuição do tempo de tela e prevenção/redução da obesidade com períodos mais prolongados devem ser conduzidas nesta população.
ANÁLISE DA MORTALIDADE DO CÂNCER DE ESTÔMAGO NO MUNICÍPIO DE BELÉM, ESTADO DO PARÁ, NO PERÍODO DE 2014 A 2019
Authors: Matos Fernanda Gorette Castro de , Lucena Caio César Chaves De , Costa Eunice De Oliveira , Chaquiam Ivone Diniz , Melo Leonardo Viana De
Published: September 2021

Introdução: Há mais de cinco décadas, o câncer de estômago (CE) iniciou um declínio da taxa de mortalidade nos países desenvolvidos. Entretanto, em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, o câncer é um importante problema de saúde pública, principalmente no Estado do Pará, onde esta taxa apresenta valores acima da média brasileira. Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever a taxa de mortalidade relacionada ao CE em Belém-PA entre os anos de 2014 e 2019. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma análise estatística descritiva, em que o cálculo da taxa de mortalidade do CE será realizado: número de óbitos x 1000/ número de habitantes. Para isso, serão utilizados dados obtidos no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), e nas bases de dados do Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA). Para a padronização da análise, será utilizado o programa Microsoft Excel®. Resultados: Conforme dados do DATASUS, o número total de óbitos no município citado, para o período em estudo, foi de 1063. A taxa de mortalidade geral foi de 0,71. Em relação à distribuição dos óbitos por sexo, houve o número de 656 para homens e 407 para mulheres, perfazendo as taxas de mortalidade de 0,44 e 0,27, respectivamente. No que diz respeito à faixa etária, a população idosa apresentou os maiores índices. Foram 267 óbitos entre 60 e 69 anos (0,18) e 289 entre 70 e 79 anos (0,19). Estes valores são fomentados pelo aumento da faixa etária como um fator importante nestes casos, devido ao maior tempo de exposição a outros fatores de risco. Conclusão: A presente pesquisa destaca a alta taxa de mortalidade do CE no Estado do Pará, a qual se encontra em discrepância em relação às observadas em outras áreas do Brasil. Em razão disso, expõe-se a necessidade de realização de outros estudos.
From Wisdom to Science
Authors: Saccenti Riccardo
Published: September 2021

This chapter considers a number of introitus to Peter Lombard’s Sentences,
which were delivered as lectures in the 1240s. The introitus offer an opportunity
to track the deployment of the Sentences in theological training,
in particular showing how Lombard’s systematic efforts were further
systematised in the hands of his interpreters. In particular, the introitus
reveal theorizing on the nature of theological knowledge, which posits
the discipline as one of wisdom and science.
Words of Seduction
Authors: Lahav Rina
Published: September 2021

The first and longest letter in the collection left by Hugh Metel (d. c. 1150),
an Augustinian canon of St. Léon, Toul, in the region of Lorraine, to Bernard
of Clairvaux, promotes our understanding of geopolitical, religious,
and social dynamics between Burgundy, Rome, and the Holy Roman
Empire in the first half of the twelfth century. Based on this lengthy letter,
Hugh Metel proves himself to be a self-aware writer, well-versed in the
epistolary and social developments of his age, and engaged in the same
social milieu as Albero of Montreuil and Bernard of Clairvaux and much
more involved in the political and religious milieu of the mid-twelfth
century than his relative obscurity today might lead us to believe.
Food for the Journey
Authors: Pinder Janice
Published: September 2021

The one surviving French sermon on the Eucharist of Guiard of Laon,
bishop of Cambrai (1238-1247) and supporter of the movement to establish
the feast of Corpus Christi, was long thought to be the record of vernacular
preaching by the bishop, until the discovery of a Latin original prompted
a reassessment. Using all available manuscript evidence, and carefully
comparing the Latin and French sermons, I position the French sermon
as a work of vernacular theology created during Guiard’s episcopate,
infused with the spirituality of Eucharistic devotion that culminated
in the Corpus Christi movement. It was well received by an elite lay
audience, continuing to circulate in collections of devotional texts for
the next two centuries.
Sofonisba Anguissola, a Painter and a Lady-in-Waiting
Authors: Gamberini Cecilia
Published: September 2021

Relying on primary source documents, Cecilia Gamberini outlines the reality of
Sofonisba Anguissola’s experiences in the Household of Queen Isabel of Valois following
the artist’s appointment to the Spanish court in 1559. Anguissola’s position
is generally credited to her two roles there: painter and lady-in-waiting. The author
argues that while Anguissola’s appointment was due in part to her remarkable
painted self-representations, it was also facilitated by a largely overlooked network
of familial contacts and the political climate of the time. Analyses of Anguissola’s
behaviour in the Queen’s Household also offers a glimpse into the young woman’s
personality, which was at times irreverent and rebellious, and the opportunity
for new attributions.
Creative Reproductions: Diana Mantuana and Printmaking at Court
Authors: Maurer Maria F.
Published: September 2021

Maria Maurer examines the career of Diana Mantuana (c. 1547–1612), the first
female printmaker to sign her work and one of the few female artists mentioned
by Vasari in the second edition of his Lives (1568). Recognizing that printmaking
was an unusual female occupation due to its technique and wide circulation,
Maurer argues that Diana entered into visual dialogue with Mantuan and papal
court artists to promote her work. Focusing on two prints made after the work of
Giulio Romano, Maurer reveals that, through her work in a reproductive medium,
the artist commented upon the ability of women and printmaking to both copy
and generate, engaging broader discourses regarding imitation and invention to
market herself as a rare commodity.
A road to the ‘hidden place’
Authors: Huang Yi
Published: September 2021

Medog County, located in the southeast of Tibet, was the last county inaccessible
by road in China and was widely described as ‘a lotus in the hidden
place’. The Medog Highway, linking Medog with the rest of the country,
was constructed first in 1994 and, following years of landslides and natural
disasters, completed for the second time in 2013. Utilizing ethnographic
insights into the usage and non-usage of the Medog Highway, this chapter
reveals how the road was constructed and used in specific political, social
and cultural contexts. In terms of state formation, the road was not only used
as a material infrastructure to integrate the Medog people and a strategic
investment of international politics, but also as a discursive symbol to
enhance the state’s legitimacy to the whole nation. This chapter argues that,
besides connection and integration, two other techniques – channelling
and filtering – are also constitutive of state formation via road construction.
With this road, goods and ideas connected to broader processes of
globalization were also channelled into the area, producing both asymmetric
connectivity and one-way integration. Furthermore, control and
surveillance have also increased after the completion of the road, resulting
in both proactive and reactive state efforts to evict unwelcome activities.
Producing not only connectivity but also new disconnectivity and social
exclusion, I therefore describe the Medog Highway as ‘a punctuated road’.
Dhabas, highways, and exclusion
Authors: Gohain Swargajyoti
Published: September 2021

This chapter is an ethnographic study of ‘hybrid dhabas’ or inns that have
emerged in the wake of massive highway construction all over India.
Focusing especially on the dhabas on National Highways NH 1 and NH
37 passing through Murthal, Haryana, and Nagaon, Assam, this chapter
argues that these hybrid dhabas, which combine features of traditional
dhabas and city-based restaurants, reveal a particular social character
of highways. These dhabas cater to a mostly middle-class clientele, while
remaining inaccessible to less privileged classes and former users of
highway inns, such as truck drivers. While scholars of urban studies have
shown how material constructions such as shopping malls, theme parks,
or gated communities give the city a middle-class character, this chapter
shows how dhabas play a similar role in peri-urban areas by constructing
the highways as middle-class spaces and sites of neoliberal exclusion.
The making of a ‘new Dubai’
Authors: Khan Mustafa A.
Published: September 2021

In Tharparkar, south-east Pakistan, over 300 kilometres of roads are being
constructed to facilitate access to a coalfield intended to provide power to
an electricity-starved country. The new roads are often sold as harbingers
of great change and signs of modernity. Industry and the sought-after
prize of foreign direct investment are presented as being just around the
corner. I was often told that Thar (Tharparkar) would become ‘a Dubai’,
which represented an ultimate symbol of modernity. Scholars have argued
that neoliberalism’s achievements are double: narrowing the window of
political debate, while promising prospects without limit. In Tharparkar,
the immediate roads effect has been increased land speculation, with little
tangible improvements with regards to local employment. I argue that the
‘transition rhetoric’ being used by the state and the local political elite has
no relation to the actual economic and political processes, except to veil
interests of the elite groups. The material from Tharparker demonstrates
that roads as symbols of ‘modernity’ can be used to deconstruct some of
the contradictions at the heart of many modernization myths.
Among the Tentative Haunters
Authors: Rich Sara A.
Published: September 2021

Nautical archaeologists act as architects of ruins as they rebuild ships
from wrecks. Architectural salvation from demonic depths appeals to
two aspects of the Early Modern legacy: God as Divine Architect and the
restoration of Edenic utopia from dystopia. This chapter considers the
uncanny encounters between scholar and shipwreck that must precede
archaeological resurrection. Ships are reengineered with information
negotiated from the wreckage underwater, yet submersion dulls or nullifies
each of the five senses classically used in scientific enquiry. The concept
of dystopian phenomenology explains how archaeological knowledge
of shipwrecks is acquired underwater. Recollections of ‘visitations’ to a
wrecked sixteenth-century galleon in Ribadeo, Spain inform a phantasmal
sensory approach to help unveil the elusive ontology of shipwrecks.
Vibrant Corpses
Authors: Rich Sara A.
Published: September 2021

To break away from the paradigm of corrupting seas, this chapter approaches
shipwrecks ecologically and alchemically. The tragic wrecking
of the late eighteenth-century frigate, Santa María Magdalena, off the
coast of Viveiro, Spain, exemplifies that wrecks are not ‘dead ships’ but
are carrying on in many of the same ways that they did at the surface. An
artificial reef teeming with life after death, it embodies the alchemical
maxim of putrefaction before purification. A comparison with more
recent maritime tragedies, whose pollutants render them dangerously
‘undead’, calls for an urgent revision of how we conceptualize and evaluate
ruins underwater, evaluations of which are currently limited by the false
nature/culture dichotomy.
Using Voice Recognition in E-Learning System to Reduce Educational Inequality During Covid-19
Authors: Tregubov Vladimir
Published: September 2021

During the COVID -19 pandemic, educational institutions around the world faced problems that have to do with the frustration of students for whom traditional education has been replaced by the online format. Students are experiencing technical difficulties in the digitalization of education. International monitoring of education systems has shown that quite a few countries were ready to move to distance learning, both for technical and economic reasons. The covid pandemic has caused an increase in educational inequality. Elearning systems were expected to reduce inequality in education, but empirical research has shown that learning in this format not only does not reduce, but can increase inequality, increasing the gap in educational outcomes between students with different socioeconomic status. The article describes applications of using voice recognition technology based on artificial intelligence which, by our opinion, may reduce educational inequality during covid-19. We presented a comparative analysis of existing examples artificial intelligence in the educational process. Artificial intelligence uses in specialized software it makes educational process more convenient for both the students and the teachers. There is a description of an application “Academic phrase bank" developed by author. The application consists of two specialising actions for Google assistant. The application allows to increase academic vocabulary, train of creating grammatically correct academic expressions, and memorize templates of academic phrases. In active mode, this application helps to create correct phrases of academic English and improve the abilities of understanding English speech.