bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Different Endodontic Irrigant Activation Systems on Smear Layer Removal and Canal Cleanliness: Comparative Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Al-rujaib Bader A. , Zaghloul Mohamed H. , Reda Alaa , Badr Amany E.
Published: August 2022

AIM: This study assessed the effectiveness of 5 different irrigant activation systems on canal cleanliness and removal of smear layer from root canals.

METHODS: A total of 110 mandibular premolars with straight root canal were assigned to five groups (n = 20): conventional needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic activation, sonic activation with EndoActivator, negative apical pressure EndoVac (EV), or EDDY system, besides a control group (n = 10). All teeth were prepared to size 40, and irrigated with NaOCl (5.25%) according to the respective technique. Roots were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopic analysis. The presence of smear layer and debris was evaluated using 5-grade scoring systems with ×1000 and ×400 magnification, respectively. Data were analyzed at 5%.

RESULTS: Regarding the smear layer, activation with EV and ED was significantly more effective than other activation groups (p < 0.05). Activation of the irrigant significantly improved removal of debris (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: No activation technique was able to eliminate smear layer and debris completely from root canals, nevertheless, EDDY is significantly better in removing debris and smear layer from the apical third of the canal.
Recurrent Hypoglycemia in Baby with Insulinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Prabandari Ni Putu Sukma Sumantri , Wande I Nyoman , Mahartini Ni Nyoman
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Insulinoma is a functional neuroendocrine tumor in the pancreas that can cause hypoglycemia due to endogenic hyperinsulinism. Insulinoma is a rare case with an incidence of 1–4 cases per million people each year. Insulinoma can occur at various ages and mostly occurs in adults with a predominance in women.

CASE REPORT: A baby boy aged 1 month 23 days was referred from Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes Hospital with the chief complaint was seizures. The results of the examination of blood glucose levels at Sanglah Hospital were 28 mg/dl. There were some episodes of normal blood glucose level in the patient after having some doses of glucose infusion therapy. However, it was only for a while, the blood glucose level came back low and induced the symptoms of the seizure (neuroglycopenia). The seizures stopped after having anticonvulsant therapy and blood glucose levels within normal limits. These symptoms were consistent with the Whipple triad in insulinoma. The patient has an elevated insulin level (92 IU/ml). Computed tomography scan of the abdomen with contrast showed a mass in the caudal part of the pancreas. The patient underwent a partial pancreatectomy. Histomorphology features showed pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors without metastases. Immunohistochemical results of Ki-67 showed well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors grade 2.

CONCLUSION: Based on clinical, physical examination, laboratory, and radiology findings, the patient was diagnosed with recurrent hypoglycemia due to insulinoma and improved with partial pancreatectomy.
Deliverable D3.8 A review of existing citizen science approaches to monitoring farmland biodiversity
Authors: Ruck Andrew , Öckinger Erik , van der Wal Rene , Mauchline Alice , Hood Amelia , Potts Simon , De Vries Michiel Wallis , Gaba Sabrina , Bretagnolle Vincent
Published: August 2022

This report was researched and written between April and December 2021 by researchers at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), with support from partners at the University of Reading (UK), De Vlinderstichting (Netherlands), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France). The report consists of a review of existing 'citizen science’ approaches to monitoring biodiversity on farmland, in which we introduce a typology of five different types of approach, and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of these. This forms part of the project “SHOWCASing synergies between agriculture, biodiversity and Ecosystem services to help farmers capitalising on native biodiversity” (SHOWCASE). SHOWCASE aims to encourage the widespread uptake of biodiversity-friendly farming practices across Europe, both through identifying effective incentives for farmers, and gathering further evidence of the ecosystem services provided by increased levels of biodiversity. The project receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No.862480. In particular, this report fulfils Deliverable 3.8 within SHOWCASE: “A review of existing citizen science approaches to monitoring farmland biodiversity, including an overview of the different statistical approaches to handling citizen science data”. We at SLU are grateful to all SHOWCASE partners for their contributions.
Deliverable D4.11 EIP abstract on the literature review of Task 2.1
Authors: Schaller Lena Luise , Scherfranz Verena , Häfner Kati , Klebl Fabian , Ruiz Jabier , Kantelhardt Jochen , Piorr Annette
Published: August 2022

Regulatory and incentive instruments for biodiversity management on farms (Short summary for practitioners)
Towards quantitative metabarcoding of eukaryotic plankton: an approach to improve 18S rRNA gene copy number bias
Authors: Martin Jon Lapeyra , Santi Ioulia , Pitta Paraskevi , John Uwe , Gypens Nathalie
Published: August 2022

Plankton metabarcoding is increasingly implemented in marine ecosystem assessments and is more cost-efficient and less time-consuming than monitoring based on microscopy (morphological). 18S rRNA gene is the most widely used marker for groups’ and species’ detection and classification within marine eukaryotic microorganisms. These datasets have commonly relied on the acquisition of organismal abundances directly from the number of DNA sequences (i.e. reads). Besides the inherent technical biases in metabarcoding, the largely varying 18S rRNA gene copy numbers (GCN) among marine protists (ranging from tens to thousands) is one of the most important biological biases for species quantification. In this work, we present a gene copy number correction factor (CF) for four marine planktonic groups: Bacillariophyta, Dinoflagellata, Ciliophora miscellaneous and flagellated cells. On the basis of the theoretical assumption that ‘1 read’ is equivalent to ‘1 GCN’, we used the GCN median values per plankton group to calculate the corrected cell number and biomass relative abundances. The species-specific absolute GCN per cell were obtained from various studies published in the literature. We contributed to the development of a species-specific 18S rRNA GCN database proposed by previous authors. To assess the efficiency of the correction factor we compared the metabarcoding, morphological and corrected relative abundances (in cell number and biomass) of 15 surface water samples collected in the Belgian Coastal Zone. Results showed that the application of the correction factor over metabarcoding results enables us to significantly improve the estimates of cell abundances for Dinoflagellata, Ciliophora and flagellated cells, but not for Bacillariophyta. This is likely to due to large biovolume plasticity in diatoms not corresponding to genome size and gene copy numbers. C-biomass relative abundance estimations directly from amplicon reads were only improved for Dinoflagellata and Ciliophora. The method is still facing biases related to the low number of species GCN assessed. Nevertheless, the increase of species in the GCN database may lead to the refinement of the proposed correction factor.
Age-Stratified 30-day Rehospitalization and Mortality and Predictors of Rehospitalization Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Medicare Cohort Study
Authors: Schletzbaum Maria , Kind Amy J. , Chen Yi , Astor Brad C. , Ardoin Stacy P. , Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea , Sheehy Ann M. , Kaiksow Farah A. , Powell W. Ryan , Bartels Christie M.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Recent studies suggest young adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have high 30-day readmission rates, which may necessitate tailored readmission reduction strategies. To aid in risk stratification for future strategies, we measured 30-day rehospitalization and mortality rates among Medicare beneficiaries with SLE and determined rehospitalization predictors by age.

Methods

In a 2014 20% national Medicare sample of hospitalizations, rehospitalization risk and mortality within 30 days of discharge were calculated for young (aged 18-35 yrs), middle-aged (aged 36-64 yrs), and older (aged 65+ yrs) beneficiaries with and without SLE. Multivariable generalized estimating equation models were used to predict rehospitalization rates among patients with SLE by age group using patient, hospital, and geographic factors.

Results

Among 1.39 million Medicare hospitalizations, 10,868 involved beneficiaries with SLE. Hospitalized young adult beneficiaries with SLE were more racially diverse, were living in more disadvantaged areas, and had more comorbidities than older beneficiaries with SLE and those without SLE. Thirty-day rehospitalization was 36% among young adult beneficiaries with SLE—40% higher than peers without SLE and 85% higher than older beneficiaries with SLE. Longer length of stay and higher comorbidity risk score increased odds of rehospitalization in all age groups, whereas specific comorbid condition predictors and their effect varied. Our models, which incorporated neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage, had moderate-to-good predictive value (C statistics 0.67-0.77), outperforming administrative data models lacking comprehensive social determinants in other conditions.

Conclusion

Young adults with SLE on Medicare had very high 30-day rehospitalization at 36%. Considering socioeconomic disadvantage and comorbidities provided good prediction of rehospitalization risk, particularly in young adults. Young beneficiaries with SLE with comorbidities should be a focus of programs aimed at reducing rehospitalizations.
Pediatric Sarcoidosis: Retrospective Analysis of Biopsy-Proven Patients
Authors: Nott Kerstin , Nott Veronica , Lever Elliot , Deakin Claire , Galloway James , Fisher Corinne , Compeyrot-Lacassagne Sandrine
Published: August 2022

Objective

To describe the phenotype, disease course, and treatment of a large cohort of children with sarcoidosis.

Methods

Patients with biopsies consistent with sarcoidosis, performed between 2010 and 2020, were included in this study. Patients’ notes were reviewed retrospectively. Children with disease onset before 5 years of age were compared with older children. Regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of treatment outcome.

Results

In total, 48 children with a mean age at diagnosis of 9.5 years, with a male to female ratio of 0.71, were identified. In total, 72% of the children were of Black race and 94% had multiorgan disease, with an average of 4.8 organs involved, most commonly lymph nodes (65%), skin (63%), and eyes (60%). Laboratory findings of note included raised serum calcium in 23% of patients and raised angiotensin-converting enzyme in 76% of patients. Out of 14 patients tested, 6 had mutations inNOD2. In total, 81% of patients received systemic steroids and 90% received conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs); in 25% of patients, a biologic was added, mostly anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF). Although most patients could be weaned off steroids (58%), most remained on long-term DMARDs (85%). Children under the age of 5 years presented more often with splenomegaly (P= 0.001), spleen involvement (P= 0.003), and higher C-reactive protein (P= 0.10). Weight loss was more common in adolescents (P= 0.006). Kidney (P= 0.004), eye (P= 0.005), and liver involvement (P= 0.03) were more common in Black patients. Regression analysis identified no single factor associated with positive treatment outcomes.

Conclusion

Multiorgan involvement, response to steroids, and chronic course are hallmarks of pediatric sarcoidosis. The phenotype significantly varies by age and race. Where conventional DMARDs were not efficacious, the addition of an anti-TNF agent was beneficial.
Talent Management
Authors: Purandare Shraddha , Aljapurkar Aditi Vijaysingh
Published: August 2022

This chapter provides a journey to understand the origin of talent management along with the need for talent management. The chapter describes how talent management has evolved over the period to date. The chapter further states the process of talent management highlighting the prerequisites. This section also describes the framework of the talent management process and its connections with other disciplines. The chapter further elaborates on various challenges associated with talent management. There is a section that would help understand successful strategies adopted by the companies for enhanced performance. The chapter further states future trends to be followed for improved performance. The chapter states the scenario during the COVID-19 pandemic and concludes with successful talent management implementation examples.
In Times of Uncertainty, Organizational Cultural Shifts Appear Seamless With Emotionally Intelligent Transformational Leaders at the Helm
Authors: Banks Lezlie
Published: August 2022

Dealing with confusing times requires drastic measures. COVID-19, one of the most significant events in 2019, created an immediate frenzy. January 6th, 2021 showcased how voting results can sway people to make far-reaching choices. February 2022, the war between Russia and Ukraine generated trepidation for others' well-being. The anxiety and emotional turmoil generated from circumstances discussed above will not go away easily. Yet, the aftermath of these conditions will lessen with emotionally strong leaders at the forefront. Using emotions to help create relationships reduces anxiety. This chapter focused on understanding the origins of emotions, recognizing the benefits of emotional intelligence and transformational leadership styles, drawing attention to how these behaviors create learning organizations, and proposing the best ways to move forward in turbulent times.
Role of Medicinal Plants and Herbs in Veterinary Medicine
Authors: Varshney Bhumika , Malik Sumit , Singh Ajeet , Mehta Nikhil
Published: August 2022

Ethnoveterinary medicine is a branch of ethnobotany concerned with the study of traditional remedies. Ethnoveterinary methods are as old as domestication of numerous livestock species when it comes to animal healthcare. Herbal medicine has experienced a variety of conceptual modifications over time, yet its tone has stayed mostly same from antiquity to the present. Antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and antioxidant action has been demonstrated for plants. Herbal treatment strives to not only cure the underlying cause of the illness, but also to reverse aberrant symptoms and restore the animals' health and vigour.
Dietary Components Consisting of Bioactive Molecules in the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Kırmızıbekmez Aynur Müdüroğlu , Kara İhsan
Published: August 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases and cognitive disorders originating from these are among the age-related diseases with the highest mortality rates. Our lifestyle, especially our eating habits, has an effect on neuronal survival. New data shows that improving dietary habits provides successful results in the prevention or treatment of diseases. The effective role of bioactive components on neuronal survival helps develop new therapeutic approaches. In this chapter, the potential benefits of bioactive foods and particularly flavonoids that can be used to reduce the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases will be examined.
Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Thanh Tung Bui , Thi Ngoc Huyen Nguyen
Published: August 2022

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder related to persistent hyperglycemia. It is characterized by lack of secretion and/or reduce activity of insulin, which causes many chronic complications. Medicinal plants offer a passel of remedies that resolve symptomatology and mitigate the progression of T2D. Although several pre-clinical and clinical investigations indicate the success of conventional medicine in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, still there are several side effects. Consequently, this necessitates the exploration of complementary and alternative treatment programs that may include natural products as safe and effective anti-diabetic candidates. This chapter reviews the medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds utilized in diabetes therapy and molecular targets of Type 2 diabetes treatment. The authors elucidate present findings and contribute to ongoing investigations into potential alternative therapies for T2D.
Experimental Informational Compilation on Isolation From Herbal Sources and Biological Activity of Rosmarinic Acid
Authors: Kuruuzum-Uz Ayse , Gundogdu Seren
Published: August 2022

Rosmarinic acid is a valuable polyphenolic molecule mainly found in species of Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae. The amount of rosmarinic acid varies according to the environmental condition in which the plant grows, temperature, and humidity. The content of 0.01 to 72 mg/g of rosmarinic acid has been determined in various plants. Biotechnological production of rosmarinic acid by plant cell culture is recommended for its high production. The investigations have mainly addressed sources of rosmarinic acid, its production, and its biological effects. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer activities, and it is an important substance for the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. In addition to its antioxidant effects, it has been tested in recent studies in neurodegenerative diseases and has been found to have beneficial effects in these diseases, especially on memory. In this chapter, attention was drawn to the importance of rosmarinic acid, a valuable chemical, and general information about its phytochemistry, production, and biological activities was reviewed.
Importance of Leadership in Managing Post-Pandemic Crises
Authors: Gencer Yasin Galip , Batirlik Sema Nur
Published: August 2022

The concept of leadership, which is the subject of many academic studies, is accepted as a phenomenon which is also emphasized in social sciences. With globalization and rapid and continuous development in the field of communication technologies, it has caused radical changes in many subjects from economy to politics, from organizational structures to management approach. In this study, firstly, the definition of the concept of leadership was made. Then, the scale studies in the literature related to the subject of leadership are included. Leadership theories, postmodern leadership types, and common leadership types are explained. With the research, the concept of leadership, which still does not have a clear definition in the literature and is changing day by day, has been extensively studied. The aim of the study is to contribute to the academic literature about the concept of leadership. Moreover, the study also aims to clarify the increasing importance of leadership in managing post-pandemic crises.
Multi-National Companies and Their Progress in Turkey
Authors: Gencer Yasin Galip , Batirlik Sema Nur
Published: August 2022

Although multinational companies are both a cause and a result of economic globalization, it is also a driving force that enables economic globalization to expand its sphere of influence around the world. Today, international relations require not only states but also the existence of non-state actors to be taken into account. Multinational companies have increased both their numbers and activities with globalization. The increasing role of multinational companies has begun to be limited not only to economic activities. They can take on a function of shaping the policies of underdeveloped nation states. In this study, the definition, characteristics, and historical development of multinational companies are explained. Then, the organizational structure of these companies is mentioned. The place of multinational companies in the world and in Turkey is explained and the study is concluded. The concept of a multinational company has been examined with the research. The aim of the study is to explain the concept of multinational companies in a broad perspective.
Will BRENT Reach the $300 Mark?
Authors: Akkucuk Ulas
Published: August 2022

Petrol crises have crippled the economies of the developed nations may times in modern history. Still, fossil fuels are an important source of transportation, and price changes deeply affect the social and economic wellbeing of the citizens. While research on alternative fuels is on the rise and there are many incentives, the reliance on fossil fuels is not diminished. Lately, as a result of the conflict in Ukraine, petrol prices went up again. This chapter will shed light on the past crises and will try to examine how much further petrol prices can go. Also, the relationship between energy prices and subjective wellbeing will be illustrated with examples from the literature. The chapter will also offer some suggestions for a sustainable green world.
Proper Recognition and Management of Exertional Heat Stroke in a High School Cross-Country Runner: A Validation Clinical Case Report
Authors: Garrett Bryanna , Lopez Rebecca M. , Szymanski Michael R. , Eidt Drew
Published: August 2022

A 14-year-old female high school cross- country runner (height = 154 cm, mass = 48.1 kg) with no history of exertional heat stroke (EHS) collapsed at the end of a race. An athletic trainer assessed the patient, who presented with difficulty breathing and then other signs of EHS (eg, confusion and agitation). The patient was taken to the medical area and draped with a towel, and a rectal temperature (Tre) of 106.9°F (41.6°C) was obtained. The emergency action plan was activated, and emergency medical services was called. The patient was submerged in a cold-water immersion tub until emergency medical services arrived (∼15 minutes; Tre = 100.1°F; cooling rate: 0.41°F.min−1[0.25°C.min−1]). At the hospital, the patient received intravenous fluids, and urine and blood tests were normal. She was not admitted and returned to running without sequelae. Following best practices, secondary school athletic trainers can prevent deaths from EHS by properly recognizing the condition and providing rapid cooling before transport.
Mesoproterozoic Borden Basin, northern Baffin Island
Authors: Turner E C
Published: August 2022

The unmetamorphosed and nearly undeformed late Mesoproterozoic Borden Basin on northern Baffin Island exhibits sag, rift, and foreland-basin-like phases. A thin, partly subaqueous basal basalt is overlain by mature shallow-marine quartz arenite, upward-deepening
siltstone and shale (marking the beginning of rifting), a complex suite of rift-delineated carbonate units containing two dramatic internal unconformities, and a flysch-molasse-like succession containing evidence of sediment derivation from the Grenville Orogen. Geochronological data indicate that
deposition of most of the succession took place ca. 1100 to 1050 Ma. One of the carbonate intervals, Nanisivik Formation, is the main host of regional Zn-Pb showings including the past-producing Nanisivik orebody, which formed in the late Mesoproterozoic from low-temperature fluids, and which was
emplaced under strong structural and stratigraphic controls. Minimal postdepositional deformation is limited to the emplacement of mafic dykes ca. 720 Ma and repeated reactivation of basement-rooted normal faults.
Seismicity in the Labrador-Baffin Seaway and surrounding onshore regions
Authors: Bent A L , Voss P
Published: August 2022

Studying earthquakes in Baffin Bay and the surrounding regions is challenging. There is no knowledge of earthquake activity in this region prior to 1933 when a moment magnitude (MW) 7.4 earthquake occurred in Baffin Bay. With improved instrumentation, increased
seismograph coverage in the north, and modern analysis techniques, knowledge and understanding of earthquakes in the Baffin region is improving. Active seismic zones include Baffin Bay, the east coast of Baffin Island, and the Labrador Sea, separated by areas of low seismicity. Focal-mechanism
solutions show a mix of faulting styles, predominantly strike-slip and thrust. Regional stress-axes orientations show more consistency, which suggests that activity is occurring on previously existing structures in response to the current stress field. There is little correlation between earthquake
epicentres in Baffin Bay and mapped structures. Glacial isostatic adjustment may be a triggering mechanism for earthquakes in the Baffin region, but modelling efforts have yielded equivocal results.
Baffin Island and the Labrador-Baffin Seaway GIS data
Authors: Dafoe L T , Bingham-Koslowski N
Published: August 2022

The Labrador Sea, Davis Strait, and Baffin Bay offshore regions, collectively referred to as the Labrador-Baffin Seaway, and their onshore margins including Baffin Island, Bylot Island, and West Greenland, form a region with a complex geological history developed
through successive tectonic events. This complex geological and tectonic history is described in detail in this volume, a collaborative undertaking under the Geological Survey of Canada's Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals 2 program (GEM-2), with contributions from external partners. Knowledge from
pre-existing studies, essential contributions from collaborators, and GEM research results have been incorporated into the 14 papers contained in this volume, which summarize previous geological and geophysical knowledge and include novel insights from a regional perspective that serve as a guide
for future research and exploration activities. The papers in the volume highlight both onshore and offshore studies in order to produce a comprehensive synopsis of the geological history of the region, with corresponding high-resolution reference maps and figures, and select GIS data sets. This
compilation is divided into sections covering Precambrian and Paleozoic geology, Mesozoic to present geology, and resources within the region.
Case Report: Tuberculosis Autoregression after Minimal Treatment and Review of the Literature
Authors: Walter Chelsea , Acuña-Villaorduna Carlos , Hochberg Natasha S. , Sinha Pranay
Published: August 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a complex pathogen causing multiple possible disease states in its host including latency, active disease, and elimination. While there is reasonable indirect evidence of elimination of tuberculosis (TB) in the absence of treatment, direct reports of autoregression are rare. We report a case of smear-negative, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive TB disease regression in the absence of therapy due to severe adverse effects from antimycobacterial drugs. Indirect reports of TB autoregression, or self-cure, in the literature are reviewed, and an updated framework for conceptualizing Mtb infection is discussed.
An Assessment of a Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Test in Bangladesh
Authors: Kawser Zannat , Hossain Mohabbat , Suliman Sara , Lockman Shahin , Gitaka Jesse , Bandawe Gama , Rahmat Redwan , Hasan Imrul , Siddik Abu Bakar , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Rahman Mohammed Ziaur , Miller Glenn , Walt David R. , Ivers Louise C. , LaRocque Regina C. , Harris Jason B. , Qadri Firdausi
Published: August 2022

Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial to prevent its spread. This study aimed to document test sensitivity/specificity, correlation with cycle threshold value from polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fitness-for-use in different populations and settings, and user perspectives that could inform large-scale implementation. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a rapid antigen detection test, BD Veritor, and compared this (and another rapid test, Standard Q) against reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in terms of sensitivity and specificity in 130 symptomatic and 130 asymptomatic adults. In addition, we evaluated the suitability and ease of use of the BD Veritor test in a subsample of study participants (n = 42) and implementers (n = 5). At 95% confidence interval, the sensitivity of the BD Veritor and Standard Q test were 70% and 63% in symptomatic and 87% and 73% in asymptomatic individuals, respectively, regarding positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results. Overall, the BD Veritor test was 78% sensitive and 99.5% specific compared with RT-PCR irrespective of the cycle threshold. This warrants large field evaluation as well as use of the rapid antigen test for quick assessment of SARS-CoV-2 for containment of epidemics in the country.
Murine Typhus in Latin America: Perspectives of a Once Recognized but Now Neglected Vector-Borne Disease
Authors: Faccini-Martínez Álvaro A. , Walker David H. , Blanton Lucas S.
Published: August 2022

Murine typhus is an undifferentiated febrile illness. Historically recognized throughout Latin America, it has been seldom reported in recent decades. When clinicians and researchers are attuned, endemic foci have reemerged. The demonstrable seroprevalence in areas devoid of reported cases indicates murine typhus is an underappreciated infectious disease in Latin America.
Two-Stage Detection of Plasmodium spp. by Combination of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification and Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay
Authors: Lai Meng Yee , Lau Yee Ling
Published: August 2022

We developed a combination of recombinase polymerase and loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods (RAMP) for rapid screening of five human Plasmodium spp. simultaneously. RAMP is a two-stage isothermal amplification method, which consists of a first-stage recombinase polymerase amplification and a second-stage loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Under these two isothermal conditions, five Plasmodium spp. were amplified in less than 40 minutes. We demonstrated RAMP assay with 10-fold better limit of detection than a single (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) LAMP. As compared with microscopy, RAMP assay showed 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 95.65–100.00%) and 100% specificity (95% CI: 69.15–100.00%). The end products were inspected by the color changes of neutral red. Positive reactions were indicated by pink while the negative reactions remained yellow. The combination assay established in this study can be used as a routine diagnostic method for malaria.
WOMAN IN THE KEÇECİZÂDE İZZET MOLLA’S MİHNET-KEŞÂN
Authors: FİDAN Gülşah Gaye
Published: August 2022

The position of women in Turkish society has undergone changes over the centuries due to social, political and religious reasons. In the historical process, this change is generally divided into three groups as pre-Islamic, Islamic and Western-influenced periods. During the pre-Islamic nomadic life style, women were extremely active in the society and had the same rights as men, but after the acceptance of Islam, the position of women changed, isolated from social life and even devalued. This is due to the fact that the cultures of other nations were included in Turkish culture under the name of religion with the acceptance of the new religion. Since Classical Turkish literature, which has a history of six centuries between the XIII and XIX centuries, is a literature that emerged in the field of Islamic civilization, the view of women in the works of this period was negative in parallel with the social point of view. In the study, Keçecizâde İzzet Molla's masnavi named Mihnet-Keşân was examined as an example of the reflection of this situation on literary works. The work, completed by İzzet Molla in 1825, was written at a time when the effect of Westernization began to appear in our literature in all aspects. The work, unlike the tradition, reflects the social structure of the period from a realistic point of view. In this aspect, the couplets containing the reflections of the woman's point of view in the work, which is the messenger of innovations in Turkish literature, have been determined and interpreted. Keywords: Classical Turkish Literature, Gender, Sergüzeştname
METAETİCS THEORY OF FOLKLORE WİTH THE ETHİCAL VALUE OF GİVİNG IMPORTANCE TO “AESTHETİC DİSCOURSE İN THE EXPRESSİON OF SEXUALİTY” DEDE KORKUT SAMPLE
Authors: ÇOBANOĞLU Sacide
Published: August 2022

Aesthetic; beautiful emotion is defined as beauty and is limited to this definition. The view that aesthetics is only related to the field of philosophy and that it is limited in this way is wrong. The transition to context-centered studies in folklore has been delayed. For this reason, interdisciplinary studies should be carried out within the understanding of contemporary science. In line with these thoughts, we put forward the Metaethics Theory of Folklore and developed the Folklore Grounding Method Metaethics Analysis as the analysis method of the theory. An aesthetic expression was made in the Book of Dede Korkut. While writing the work, the author tried to reflect the aesthetics in the essence of the work. Based on this thought; The subject of our study is to express sexuality with aesthetic discourse and to determine the place of our ethical value in folk philosophy. It is aimed to make an exemplary study at the point of applying the Metaetic Theory of Folklore to the narratives. Keywords: Metaethics, Theory, Aesthetics, Sexuality, Discourse, Grounding, Analysis.
SOME DOCUMENTS FOUND İN THE PRESİDENTİAL OTTOMAN ARCHİVES ABOUT İZMİR FABRİC WEAVİNG
Authors: AYTAÇ Ahmet
Published: August 2022

From Turkistan to Anatolia, weaving came with the Turks. In the Ottoman period, there was an important production in the production of fabrics as well as carpets and rugs.Izmir was one of the cities that had a well-deserved reputation in fabric production during the Ottoman period. It is known that in İzmir, where fabrics are sent to both the domestic market, the palace and the foreign market, it is common in workshop and factory style production, as well as personal production.There are many documents about Izmir fabrics in the Presidency Ottoman Archives. Some of these documents will be examined within the scope of the article. Key words: Archive, weaving, fabric, yarn
AN INVESTİGATİON ON OZANTÜRK'S EPİC OF “TURNALAR” IN TERMS OF NATİONALİSM THEORİES
Authors: ALBAYRAK Hakan
Published: August 2022

There are different researches and studies that have appeared regarding nationalism. There are 3 major theories of these studies, these studies are: primary, modernist, and ethno-symbolic hypotheses. Primary hypothesis claims that all nations came from the same race, and they share the same religion, language, culture and history. The modernist hypothesis claims that nationalism is a communal necessity. In this theory, nationalism explains the modernist process that was affected by social, political, and economic parameters. Finally, the ethno-symbolism theory posits that nationalism is mainly based on ethnic origin and culture. The Epic of “Turnalar” by Ozanturk has pushed the Turkish culture forward. There are three sections connected to each other that talk about the Turkish communities in the “Turnalar” Epic. The first section talks about the Turkish people in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, North Cyprus, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and Turkey.Second section talks about Turkish tribes who live in Iraq, Iran, East Turkistan, Kirim, Tataristan, Main Kurdistan, Yakutsk, Chuvashia, The Republic of Altai, The Republic of Tuva, etc…The third section details the Turkish people who are struggling to live in eastern European countries such as Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Serbia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Albania, Hungary and Macedonia. “Turnalar” is the first work of Bayram Durbilmez who used Ozanturk as a nickname. Bayram Durbilmez used Ozanturk as a nickname for the first time in “Turnalar”. Durbilmez is known by literature studies about love, religious literature, and Turkish national folklore. This scholar defended Turkish nationalism in non-governmental organizations, some foundations, and associations. He used the Ozanturk nickname in his work which shows us how much of a nationalist he is in the literature world. This thesis aims to study “Turnalar” by Ozanturk from the nationalist aspect. By doing this, this thesis will reference his nationalist academic studies. Keywords: Nationalism, Nationalist Theories, Turkish Communities, Ozanturk, Turnalar, Saga, Love Literature
Effect of Treatment Parameter on Oscillatory Flow of Blood Through an Atherosclerotic Artery with Heat Transfer
Authors: Hanvey R. R. , Bunonyo K. W.
Published: August 2022

This research work has been carried out to investigate the influence of treatment parameter on flow of blood in a stenosed artery in the presence of magnetic field with heat transfer. The momentum equation governing the flow field has been solved by scaling it to dimensionless structure with the aid of some dimensionless parameters. The equations have been analytically solved using modified Bessel equation and by the method of undetermined coefficients in order to obtain the temperature profile and velocity profile of the blood flow. The characteristics of the flow have been derived for a certain set of values RT ; Da; \theta; Gr; Re; Pr; \omega; \delta involved in the model analysis and are presented graphically with the help of software Mathematica. Moreover the velocity of the blood is adopting a wavy pattern as the values of the parameters vary. The study can be useful in providing a perception of the treatment caused by the superfluous consumption of fatty foods hence decreasing the risk of cancer, hypertension and many heart related diseases.
Combating the Multicollinearity in Bell Regression Model: Simulation and Application
Authors: Shewa G. A. , Ugwuowo F. I.
Published: August 2022

Poisson regression model has been popularly used to model count data. However, over-dispersion is a threat to the performance of the Poisson regression model. The Bell Regression Model (BRM) is an alternative means of modelling count data with over-dispersion. Conventionally, the parameters in BRM is popularly estimated using the Method of Maximum Likelihood (MML). Multicollinearity posed challenge on the efficiency of MML. In this study, we developed a new estimator to overcome the problem of multicollinearity. The theoretical, simulation and application results were in favor of this new method.
Application of Machine Learning and Resampling Techniques to Credit Card Fraud Detection
Authors: Udeze Chinedu L. , Eteng Idongesit E. , Ibor Ayei E.
Published: August 2022

The application of machine learning algorithms to the detection of fraudulent credit card transactions is a challenging problem domain due to the high imbalance in the datasets and confidentiality of financial data. This implies that legitimate transactions make up a high majority of the datasets such that a weak model with 99% accuracy and faulty predictions may still be assessed as high-performing. To build optimal models, four techniques were used in this research to sample the datasets including the baseline train test split method, the class weighted hyperparameter approach, and the undersampling and oversampling techniques. Three machine learning algorithms were implemented for the development of the models including the Random Forest, XGBoost and TensorFlow Deep Neural Network (DNN). Our observation is that the DNN is more effcient than the other 2 algorithms in modelling the under-sampled dataset while overall, the three algorithms had a better performance in the oversampling technique than in the undersampling technique. However, the Random Forest performed better than the other algorithms in the baseline approach. After comparing our results with some existing state-of-the-art works, we achieved an improved performance using real-world datasets.
Exploring Patronage, Genre, and Scholar-Bureaucracy: The Trans-Imperial Career of Ḫvāndamīr (d. 1534)
Authors: Mitchell Colin
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the life, career, and patronage of the great statesman and historian, Ghiyath al-Dīn Ḫvāndamīr. Ḫvāndamīr lived and worked during a dynamic period of early modern Islamic history, marking the terminus of the great Timurid empire and the genesis of no less than three major polities in Iran, Central Asia, and South Asia: the Safavids, the Uzbeks, and the Mughals. During the first three decades of the sixteenth century, Ḫvāndamīr produced numerous texts across a multitude of genres, all the while dextrously navigating violent dynastic upheaval and negotiating new terms of patronage in different imperial settings. This paper examines a number of these patronized texts towards the objective of understanding more about how such “men of the pen” understood the act of patronage; specifically, Ḫvāndamīr’s approach to text and genre may have been shaped by the terms and conditions of these different negotiated “trans-imperial” relationships.
Análise dos elementos morfométricos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego do Pequiá como instrumento de suporte à sua gestão
Authors: Rizzo Felipe Alexandre , Arantes Leticia Tondato , Silva Darllan Collins da Cunha e , Tonello Paulo Sergio
Published: August 2022

A aplicação do estudo morfométrico tem sido comumente utilizada para a priorização de bacias hidrográficas, especialmente no que diz respeito à gestão dos recursos naturais e implementação de ações para a sua conservação e preservação. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho objetivou analisar a importância das variáveis morfométricas como suporte à gestão da bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Pequiá (BHCP), inserida em três municípios no estado do Maranhão. Para tal, foi utilizado um conjunto de dados raster visando a extração das sub-bacias hidrográficas, bem como a obtenção dos índices morfométricos, por meio do software ArcGIS 10.6. Os resultados permitiram analisar as sub-bacias segundo as suas características morfométricas. Conclui-se que elas possuem um coeficiente de compacidade baixo, com relevo suave ondulado, o que implica em baixos riscos de enchentes em condições normais. Por outro lado, a densidade hidrográfica evidencia que as sub-bacias apresentam baixa capacidade de formar novos canais de drenagem e uma densidade de drenagem baixa, indicando que a área de estudo apresenta um sistema de drenagem pouco desenvolvido. Por fim, o uso do geoprocessamento mostrou-se eficientes na obtenção das características morfometrias, contribuindo com o fornecimento de subsídios para o estabelecimento de ações de planejamento e gestão ambiental para a BHCP.
SELECTED SCHOOL BASED FACTORS’ INFLUENCE ON VALUE ADDITION IN SECONDARY EDUCATION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN RACHUONYO SOUTH SUB-COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Odera Odera , Sika James , Olel Maureen
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The study sought to determine value addition in secondary education of 2013 and 2014 cohorts in public secondary schools in Rachuonyo South Sub-county and to examine selected school based factors’ influence on value addition in secondary education.

Methodology: The study adopted a correlational design. Correlational research design was appropriate for this study since it enabled the researcher to collect independent and dependent variable data sets with a view to determine the relationship between them (Creswell, 2012). The population comprised 49 public secondary schools in Rachuonyo South Sub-County, 49 Deputy Principals and 5132 students. The researcher used Yamane’s formula to compute a sample of 39 public secondary schools, from where 39 Deputy Principals and 4351 students were purposively sampled. Data were collected using document analysis guide and questionnaires and analysed using frequencies, means and regression analysis with the aid of SPSS V.25 software.

Findings: Findings revealed value additions of -1.563125 for 2013 cohort. Regression analysis revealed that performance appraisal accounts for 17% change in value addition in secondary education of the 2013 cohort and that teachers’ professional development (β=0.325, p=0.040) has a weak significant positive relationship with value addition in secondary education of 2013 cohort. For the 2014 cohort, findings revealed value addition of -1.9363125. Regression analysis revealed that teachers’ performance appraisal account for 12% change in value addition in secondary education and that teachers’ performance appraisal (β=0.386, p=0.009) has a weak significant positive relationship with value addition in secondary education.

Unique contribution to model and practice: The study contributes to literature by providing analysis of value addition in secondary education and teacher performance appraisal contribution to value addition in the context of Kenya.
TRABALHO E RISCO DE ADOECIMENTO: O CASO DA COMPANHIA FEMININA DA POLÍCIA MILITAR DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL
Authors: Figueiró Rafael de Albuquerque , Dias Adriana Oliveira , Lima Ana Izabel Oliveira , Barros Hellen Chrystianne Lucio
Published: August 2022

Dentre as categorias profissionais mais suscetíveis ao adoecimento está a dos profissionais da segurança pública. Nesse sentido, esse artigo tem por objetivo compreender as condições, processos de trabalho e risco de adoecimento entre mulheres da Polícia Militar do Rio Grande do Norte (PMRN), Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada com 20 policiais do batalhão feminino da cidade de Natal-RN, que responderam a um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado e ao Inventario de Trabalho e Risco de Adoecimento (ITRA), para mensurar processos de trabalho, bem como riscos de adoecimento do grupo pesquisado. Os resultados indicam índices críticos nas dimensões organização do trabalho, relações sócio profissionais, condições de trabalho e esgotamento profissional. Além disso, na dimensão danos relacionados ao trabalho também foram obtidos scores críticos, o que, aliado aos dados obtidos nas entrevistas, sugere um processo de adoecimento relacionado às condições e processos de trabalho na PMRN. Assim, recomenda-se a criação de políticas e programas de saúde que atendam as especificidades dessa categoria profissional, visando minimizar os riscos de adoecimento.
CDISC ADaM Phases, Periods, and Subperiods: A Case Study
Authors: Fulton Jennifer
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION Many clinical studies are comprised simply of Screening, Treatment, and Follow-up time periods. Occasionally the Treatment portion of the study needs to be divided further into analysis periods, and even sub-levels within one or more of the analysis periods, which introduces another layer of complexity when creating CDISC Analysis Data Model (ADaM) data sets. If it is important, for example, to know additional study details when a particular adverse event started, then the ADaM permissible Phase, Period, and Subperiod variables should be utilized.OBJECTIVES This paper will present a case study on an actual clinical trial that had interesting challenges regarding the correct implementation of the ADaM guidelines for these variables. In this study the route of administration was being investigated.  Rather than comparing study drugs, the route changed for each subject from one set of visits to the next.METHODS Topics will include: key ADaM variables that come into play, ADSL variables and how they relate to other ADaM Basic Data Structure (BDS) domain variables, and sample SAS macro code to derive some of the key treatment and timing variables. RESULTS Example data from the case study is displayed to illustrate the proper way to utilize the full set of Phase, Period, and Subperiod variables.  ADSL data is shared, as well as ADVS (vital signs) as an example of a BDS data set.  Additional tips are offered with regard to the Screening Phase, screen failures, tying treatment variables to the Period variables, and challenges when date or time information was not collected.CONCLUSIONS A complicated study design means multiple challenges in adhering to CDISC requirements, especially ADaM data sets.  But with a well thought out plan, and use of the ADaM Implementation Guide to tackle the obstacles piece by piece, the puzzle can come together in the end.