bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting non-English major students` motivation in learning English at Private University
Authors: Lay Sengthai
Published: December 2024

When it comes to learning English in classroom, motivation is second to none. This study sought to investigate levels of motivation and some other relevant factors affecting non-English majored students’ motivation at University of South-East Asia (USEA). To collect the data, the convenience sampling consisted of 195 students who are doing a degree in Business Administration were involved in this quantitative research. The findings reveal that the students had high levels of motivation to learn English. Moreover, the study also indicated four factors influencing students’ motivation in learning English, including facility, teacher’s personality, teacher’s methodology, and classmate. The results of the study might attribute to academia and research at tertiary education.
Alchymie v českých zemích I. První známky znalostí a rozšíření ve středověku
Authors: Purš Ivo , Karpenko Vladimír
Published: December 2024

Alchemy in the Czech lands I.

The first signs of knowledge and its further spread during the Middle Ages. This work follows the acceptance of alchemy in the late medieval Czech lands where alchemy emerged approximately 100 years later than in Western Europe. The biggest progress of alchemy comes under the rule of Charles IV when new terms for alchemy and alchemist appear. Further development of alchemy was interrupted during the rule of Wenceslaus IV and the Hussite wars with the first Czech work on alchem being published no earlier than 1457.
Práce historika exaktních věd Josefa Smolky (1929–2020): Podíl na formování oboru a komentovaná bibliografie
Authors: Hermann Tomáš
Published: December 2024

Works of Josef Smolka, Czech historian of science (1929–020). His part in formation of history of sicence with commented bibliography

The paper focuses on scientific work of Josef Smolka, Czech historian of physical sciences and one of the founder of the journal History of Sciences and Technology. The first part summarizes Smolka’s partin professionalization of the historiography of science in the 1950’s and 1960’s Czechoslovakia. The second part presents his completed commented bibliography.
Jaroslav Bidlo jako člen Královské české společnosti nauk a České akademie věd a umění
Authors: Ďurčanský Marek
Published: December 2024

Jaroslav Bidlo as a Member of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences and the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts

The influential position of Jaroslav Bidlo (1868–1937) among Czech(oslovak) historians was based not only on his full profesorship at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University, but also on his membership in several scientific societies. He actively used acquired possibilities to promote historical Slavonic studies or to help his younger colleagues with their first steps in their academic careers. The paper focuses on Bidlo’s membership in two most important Czech(oslovak) scientific societies: the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences (Královská česká společnost nauk, KČSN) and the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts (Česká akademie věd a umění, ČAVU).
Między filologią a historią. Slawistyka w dorobku naukowym Henryka Batowskiego
Authors: Grudzień Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Between filology and history. Slavonic studies in the scientific output of Henryk Batowski

The aim of the article is to present the Slavonic ktivity of the Polish scholar Henryk Batowski (1907-1999). The text is based especially on primary sources. The work is arranged chronologically and by subject. The article reveals the multidisciplinary face of Batowski‘s achievements. It was both a view on research that he postulated and a reflection of multi-faced interests, mainly philological and historical. This makes Batowski one of the most original representatives of Polish Slavonic studies.
Alchymie v českých zemích II. Zlatý věk české alchymie
Authors: Purš Ivo , Karpenko Vladimír
Published: December 2024

Alchemy in the Czech lands II. Golden Age of Czech alchemy

Alchemy flourished in Bohemia, especially in the 16th and the beginning of the following century. This era is outlined in a broader context because mining and metallurgy of precious metals developed as well, and both fields used similar technical approaches, although with different aims. Leading craftsmen were active here, Georgius Agricola and Lazarus Ercker. Important for this state of science and practice was a vivid interest of Hapsburg rules to various fields. This trend found its climax in the rule of Rudolf II.
Still, his predecessors, especially the emperor Ferdinand I and archduke Ferdinand II kept contact with prominent figures of alchemy and medicine, among others with Paracelsus. Simultaneously Czech alchemy had the representatives, most important being Bavor the Younger Rodovský of Hustiřany.
Tanggung Jawab PPAT dalam Akta Jual Beli Tanah Terkait Adanya Utang Piutang
Authors: Sarapi Virgin Venlin , Hutomo Putra , Ismed Mohamad
Published: December 2024

Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) merupakan Pejabat Umum yang bertugas untuk membuat Akta Autentik sebagai bukti telah dilakukannya perbuatan hukum tertentu mengenai Hak Atas Tanah atau Hak Milik Satuan Rumah Susun, salah satunya adalah Akta Jual Beli (AJB). Ketika pembuatan Akta Jual Beli tidak memenuhi prosedur dan persyaratan yang diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, maka Akta tersebut menjadi cacat hukum, sehingga harus dibatalkan/batal demi hukum. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana akibat hukum Akta Jual Beli Tanah yang dibuat di hadapan PPAT terkait adanya utang piutang? Serta bagaimana tanggung jawab PPAT yang membuat Akta Jual Beli Tanah terkait adanya utang piutang? Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Teori Akibat Hukum menurut Soeroso dan Teori Tanggung Jawab Hukum menurut Hans Kelsen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan jenis penelitian Yuridis Normatif, yaitu penelitian hukum kepustakaan atau data sekunder dengan sumber bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Adapun pendekatan penelitian yang dipergunakan Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan, Pendekatan Konseptual, Pendekatan Analitis, Pendekatan Kasus dan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dilakukan dengan cara mengidentifikasi dan menginventarisasi aturan hukum positif, literatur buku, jurnal dan sumber bahan hukum lainnya. Untuk teknik Analisa bahan hukum dilakukan dengan penafsiran gramatikal, penafsiran sistematis, dan metode konstruksi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akibat hukum dari pembuatan AJB dihadapan PPAT terkait adanya utang piutang yaitu mengandung cacat hukum dan tidak dapat dibenarkan karena melanggar syarat materil (sebab yang halal) yang merupakan batal demi hukum. Serta PPAT dapat bertangung jawab secara etik atas sanksi Administratif, atas sanksi Perdata, dan atas sanksi Pidana.
Knowledge of Infection Control Among Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Maryam Liaquat  , Muhammad Asif  , Muhammad Atif Khan  , Hira Islam  , Shahab Uddin  , Malika Khan
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of infection control practices among healthcare professionals, including surgeons, MBBS doctors, physical therapists, nurses, and dentists, in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 healthcare professionals from public and private facilities. Participants with at least one year of clinical experience were selected using non-probability convenience sampling. A validated Infection Control Standardized Questionnaire assessed knowledge in three domains: hospital-acquired infections, precautionary measures, and hand hygiene protocols. Scores of 7 or above indicated adequate knowledge, while scores below 7 reflected insufficient knowledge. Ethical approval was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and ANOVA to evaluate associations and differences among professional groups. Results: Of the participants, 52.5% scored 7 or above, demonstrating adequate knowledge, while 47.5% scored below 7. Surgeons had the highest mean knowledge score (7.8 ± 1.2), followed by physical therapists (7.4 ± 1.3), MBBS doctors (6.9 ± 1.4), nurses (6.2 ± 1.5), and dentists (5.8 ± 1.6). Significant differences in knowledge were observed among professions (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Infection control knowledge varied significantly among healthcare professionals, with critical gaps identified among nurses and dentists. Targeted training programs and resource allocation are essential for improving compliance and patient safety.
IMPACT OF EXTERNAL FACTORS ON THE QUALITY OF MATERIALS FROM THE AYDARKUL BASALT DEPOSITS AND THEIR PROCESSING
Authors: Sattorov Laziz Kholmurodovich , Kurbanov Abdiraxim Axmedovich , Nomozov Bakhtiyor Yuldashovich , Juraeva Huriyat Zoirovna
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of research on the impact of external factors on the quality of processed materials from the “Aydarkul” basalt deposits. Experiments involved mechanical cleaning and chemical property assessment of basalt rock samples from three different deposits. The findings demonstrated opportunities to extend the service life of equipment and enhance corrosion resistance through basalt washing. The paper also provides recommendations for using basalt as thermal insulation materials and ensuring their environmental safety.
Mevlânâ Celâleddin-i Rûmî’nin Anadolu’nun Sınırlarını Aşan Söyleminde Temel Unsurlar
Authors: Kaplan Muhammed Nur
Published: December 2024

Pek çok kültür ve medeniyete ev sahipliği yapan Anadolu, milâdî VII. yüzyılda İslam’la tanışmıştır. XI. yüzyıldan itibaren Türklerin yoğun göçüyle oluşan yeni yerleşim alanları ve yerel yönetimler Anadolu’yu önemli bir İslam kültür merkezine dönüştürmüştür. Bu süreçte Irak ve İran’da gelişen tasavvuf anlayışı Anadolu’daki dinî yaşamı etkilemiş, Horasan bölgesinden gelen sûfîler de bu yapıyı daha da canlandırmışlardır. Diğer taraftan Anadolu’da Selçuklu ve Eyyûbî dönemine kadar uzanan tasavvufî faaliyetler kurumsal bir hal almıştır. Siyaset, ilim, sanat, edebiyat ve iktisat alanlarındaki faaliyetleriyle bu tarikatlar Anadolu’daki toplumsal hayatı çepeçevre kuşatmıştır. Anadolu Selçuklu Devletinin son döneminde ortaya çıkan tarikatlardan Mevlevîlik, adını Horasan bölgesinden buraya göç eden bir aileye mensup olan Mevlânâ Celaleddin-i Rûmî’den almaktadır. Mevlânâ, XIII. yüzyıl Anadolu toplumunun aşina olduğu geleneksel tasavvufî düşünce ve uygulamaları aşan bir söylemle ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu söylemiyle de çağdaşlarından farklı olarak din, mezhep ve bölgesel sınırları aşan bir tanınırlığa ulaşmıştır. Bu makale Mevlânâ Celaleddin-i Rûmî’nin Anadolu’nun sınırlarını aşan tasavvufî söyleminin özgünlüğünü ve insana dair genel söylemini konu edinmiştir. Mevlânâ’nın Mesnevî adlı eserindeki söylemlerinden hareketle nasıl evrensel bir kişiliğe dönüştüğü hususunun incelenmesi ve nitel yaklaşım yöntemi ile elde edilecek verilerle konunun tahlil edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
İzmir’de bir Rifâî-Ma‘rifî Tekkesi: İkiçeşmelik Dergâhı ve Ahmed Kâzım Eymür Efendi (1905-1981)
Authors: Üresin Fatma
Published: December 2024

İzmir’in tarikatlar tarihine bakıldığında en çok dikkat çeken derviş gruplarından biri de Rifâîlerdir. Bu çalışmada Ege Bölgesi’nde son dönem Rifâî meşâyihinden biri olarak Ma‘rifî şeyhi Ahmed Kâzım Eymür Efendi ve İzmir’in kadîm semtlerinden biri olan İkiçeşmelik’te açmış olduğu Ma‘rifî tekkesinin faaliyetleri ele alınmaktadır. Manisa’daki Entekkeliler ocağında seyr u sülûk eğitimini tamamlayan Ahmed Kâzım Eymür Efendi, kendisine şeyhi Ali Feyzi Efendi tarafından verilen icâzetnâme ile İkiçeşmelik’te tekkesini açmış; Ma‘rifîlik’in İzmir’de daha da faal olmasında öncülük etmiştir. Böylece Kâhire’den İstanbul’a hicret eden Rifâî şeyhi Muhammed Fethu’l-Maârif’in (v. 1824) kurucusu olduğu Ma‘rifiyye kolunun İstanbul’dan İzmir’e olan seyrinde mühim bir rol oynamıştır. Bir Rifâî tekkesi olması hasebiyle burhan merâsimlerinin de yapıldığı İkiçeşmelik Dergâhı, mimârî bakımdan her ne kadar küçük bir yapıya sahip olsa da İzmir’in tasavvufî çehresini şekillendirmekte büyük bir rol oynamıştır. Mûsikîşinaslığı ve mevlithanlığıyla da maruf olan Ahmed Kâzım Eymür Efendi’nin cami ve mescidlerde yaptığı vaazlara halkın büyük bir teveccüh göstermesi, toplumun farklı kesimlerinden dervişlerinin olması, İkiçeşmelik dergâhında her pazartesi gecesi tertip edilen zikir meclislerinin inkıtâya uğramaması ve cenazesinde İkiçeşmelik sokaklarında büyük bir izdihamın yaşandığına bakılacak olursa bir Ma‘rifî şeyhi olarak irşad faaliyetlerinin bulunduğu mûhitte geniş bir yankı uyandırdığı anlaşılmaktadır. Fakat -edebî türde birkaç teliften başka- Rifâîlik-Ma‘rifilik tarihine dair yapılan herhangi bir akademik çalışmada bu kolun İzmir’deki temsilcilerinden biri olarak Ahmed Kâzım Eymür Efendi’nin ismi dahi geçmemektedir. Bu boşluğu tamamlamaya yönelik yaptığımız araştırmada ayrıca, Ma‘rifiyye’nin Ehl-i beyt sevgisinin derinden müşahede edildiği bir tarikat olmakla beraber bazı akademik çalışmalarda iddia edildiği gibi Alevî-Bektâşî bir meşrebe dayanıp dayanmadığı da tahlil edilmektedir.
Tsunamis Financieros: La Huella De La Crisis Global En El Corazón Latinoamericano.
Authors: Chiquito Garcia Johanna Maritza , Mendoza Jiménez Maritza Del Rocío , Murillo Jaime José Fabian , Rosado Espinoza Jose Daniel
Published: December 2024

La crisis financiera global de 2008 puso de manifiesto la vulnerabilidad de las economías de América Latina frente a eventos externos, especialmente en lo que respecta al comercio internacional y a los flujos financieros. Aunque la región ha mostrado cierta resiliencia gracias a un menor endeudamiento y a la acumulación de reservas internacionales, persisten importantes desafíos, como la contracción del financiamiento externo y la dependencia de productos básicos.  El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los efectos de la crisis de 2008 en América Latina y explorar las estrategias que deben implementar los gobiernos y actores sociales para fomentar un desarrollo sostenible y autónomo, aprovechando los recursos locales y la cooperación internacional. A través de una revisión bibliográfica de estudios recientes, se busca ofrecer un panorama crítico sobre la necesidad de reconfigurar políticas públicas que integren la innovación, la equidad social y la sostenibilidad ambiental.  Los resultados más relevantes indican que la participación comunitaria y la cohesión social son fundamentales para enfrentar futuras crisis. Además, se destaca el papel crucial de la sociología y otras ciencias sociales en la comprensión de las interrelaciones complejas entre las crisis económicas, sociales y ambientales en la región. La crisis de 2008 subraya la importancia de desarrollar políticas a largo plazo que fortalezcan la capacidad de América Latina para enfrentar desafíos globales, promoviendo un desarrollo más equitativo y sostenible.
El impacto de la actividad física en la prevención del síndrome metabólico: un enfoque teórico
Authors: Menéndez Iguasnia Jennifer Pamela , Tomalá Bazán Coral Noemí , Villacrés Castro Génesis Jessica , Soriano Mateo Melanie Mabel
Published: December 2024

El Síndrome Metabólico se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública de creciente preocupación a nivel mundial debido a su alta prevalencia y sus graves implicaciones para la salud. Realizar una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica sobre el impacto de la actividad física en la prevención del síndrome metabólico, identificando los mecanismos fisiológicos involucrados, los tipos y dosis de ejercicio más efectivos, y los beneficios a corto y largo plazo para la salud metabólica. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en diversas bases de datos científicas reconocidas a nivel mundial, como PubMed, SciELO y CINAHL. Además, se emplearon recursos adicionales provenientes de sitios web institucionales y académicos de alto nivel, relacionados con la salud pública y la promoción de la actividad física. Se recopilaron 39 bibliografías, de las cuales 10 fueron analizadas debido a su relevancia, rigor científico y calidad metodológica. Estos estudios fueron clasificados y agrupados según las categorías temáticas más pertinentes, tales como los efectos del ejercicio aeróbico frente al ejercicio de resistencia, la intensidad del ejercicio y su relación con los factores de riesgo asociados al síndrome metabólico. La actividad física regular es una intervención clave para prevenir el síndrome metabólico, una condición que pone en riesgo la salud de millones de personas en todo el mundo. Además, la actividad física desempeña un papel crucial en la prevención del SM al mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina, controlar la presión arterial y optimizar el perfil lipídico.
Optimized Power Distribution using Machine Learning for Load Forecasting, Fault Detection, and Voltage Regulation
Authors: Neeraj Kumar
Published: December 2024

The optimization of electric power distribution systems is crucial for enhancing efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in modern power networks. Traditional optimization methods often struggle to handle the complexity and variability of large-scale power distribution grids. With the advent of ML, new opportunities have emerged to address these challenges more effectively. This paper explores the application of machine learning algorithms in optimizing power distribution systems, focusing on load forecasting, fault detection, voltage regulation, and network reconfiguration. By employing supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning techniques, ML models can process vast amounts of real-time data, identify patterns, and make accurate predictions for system performance enhancement. This study presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in ML-based optimization techniques, emphasizing their ability to improve the accuracy of load demand forecasts and reduce energy losses. Moreover, it discusses the integration of smart grid technology with ML models to enable adaptive control strategies that can respond to dynamic power demands. Various case studies and simulation results are included to demonstrate the practical benefits of machine learning applications in electric power distribution. The findings suggest that incorporating machine learning into the power distribution framework can significantly boost operational efficiency, reduce downtime, and facilitate the transition to a more intelligent and sustainable power grid. This paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges and future prospects of ML in electrical grid optimization, such as scalability, data privacy, and the need for real-time computation.
IoT-Enabled Smart Greenhouse: Real-Time Monitoring and Automated Control for Efficient Agriculture
Authors: Vishakha Tomar  , Nishtha Saroha
Published: December 2024

The growing need for efficient resource management in agriculture, particularly in water and energy conservation, has led to the emergence of smart technologies. This research focuses on designing and implementing an IoT-enabled smart greenhouse system aimed at optimizing environmental conditions for plant growth through real-time monitoring and automated control. The system integrates various sensors, including temperature, humidity, and SM sensors, with a central ESP32 microcontroller to collect and analyze data. Actuators such as fans, water pumps, and lights automatically adjust the greenhouse conditions based on sensor feedback. This reduces the need for manual intervention, making the system more efficient and less labour-intensive. The proposed system has wireless sensor networks (WSN) and cloud computing capabilities, allowing farmers to remotely monitor and control the greenhouse environment using a mobile app interface. The real-time data collected by the sensors is stored and processed in the cloud, enabling detailed data analysis and the identification of environmental trends. The smart irrigation system ensures optimal water usage, contributing to the conservation of this critical resource. Experimental results indicate significant improvements in resource management, with notable reductions in water consumption and energy usage. The system is scalable and can be customized for different crops and climatic conditions, offering a versatile solution for modern agriculture. By leveraging IoT technologies, this smart greenhouse system enhances crop yield while reducing resource waste, making it a sustainable option for small- and large-scale agricultural operations.
Design, Implementation, and Analysis for Reducing Energy Losses in Solar Inverters through the Use of SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Neeraj Kumar
Published: December 2024

The integration of Silicon Carbide (SiC) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) in solar inverters has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This study presents the design and performance analysis of a high-efficiency solar inverter utilizing SiC MOSFETs, targeting increased power output and improved reliability in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed inverter design focuses on reducing switching losses, minimizing heat dissipation, and achieving higher switching frequencies compared to traditional silicon-based devices. The adoption of SiC technology enables reduced conduction and switching losses due to its superior thermal properties and high breakdown voltage, making it ideal for solar inverter applications. Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements in efficiency—exceeding 98%—under varying load conditions. Additionally, the inverter’s performance was evaluated in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD), with values well within acceptable limits, ensuring clean and stable power output. The thermal management capabilities of SiC MOSFETs are also highlighted, showing reduced heat sink requirements and longer operational lifetimes. This research further explores the practical implementation challenges, such as gate driver considerations and EMI suppression, to optimize inverter design for real-world scenarios. The findings suggest that utilizing SiC MOSFETs in solar inverters not only enhances energy efficiency but also contributes to system compactness, potentially reducing the overall cost of PV installations. The study concludes with recommendations for future developments in SiC-based power electronics for renewable energy applications.
Quality of life after prosthodontic rehabilitation in patients with bilateral total maxillectomy due to COVID-19-associated mucormycosis of the maxilla
Authors: Chouksey Gunjan , Gupta Vikas , Choure Rupali , Pakhare Abhijit P. , Dev Aman , Kumar Bhimsen
Published: December 2024

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis of the maxilla emerged as a significant concern in India during the second wave of the pandemic, necessitating surgical interventions such as maxillectomy. This study investigated the quality of life following prosthodontic rehabilitation with interim obturators in patients who underwent bilateral total maxillectomy due to COVID-19-associated mucormycosis of the jaws.Methods: The study was conducted using questionnaire-based interviews administered by a single investigator employing the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and Obturator Functioning Scale (OFS) questionnaires. Responses were evaluated on a Likert scale. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21.0 for Windows. A significance level of 5% was applied to all tests. The Wilcoxon signed-rank and chi-square tests were utilized to compare categorical and quantitative variables across groups. Responses to the questionnaires were recorded on numerical Likert scales ranging from 1 to 5 for OFS and 0 to 4 for OHIP-14. The mean OHIP-14 and OFS scores were compared between the pre-rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation stages.Results: A comparison between the pre-rehabilitation and post-rehabilitation scores from the OHIP-14 questionnaire revealed a significant difference (p= 0.001). The OFS results indicated significant improvements across all domains following the use of obturators.Conclusion: Interim obturators play a vital role in improving speech, swallowing, and mastication during the recovery period for patients who have undergone bilateral total maxillectomy. Despite the altered anatomy resulting from the resection, patients adapted effectively and exhibited improvements in their social, psychological, and mental health.
Current concepts in genioplasty: surgical techniques, indications, and future perspectives
Authors: Lee Seungjun , Kim Baek-kyu
Published: December 2024

Genioplasty is a crucial procedure in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery for both aesthetic and functional chin correction. The procedure is performed using various techniques—including sliding genioplasty, advancement, setback, vertical augmentation, and narrowing genioplasty—with each approach offering specific benefits tailored to patient needs. Advances in virtual surgical planning, pre-bent absorbable plates, and three-dimensional printing technology have enhanced the precision of genioplasty, leading to improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. This review examines the historical evolution, contemporary techniques, clinical outcomes, and future directions of genioplasty, with a focus on technological advancements that increase procedural accuracy and patient satisfaction.
MECHANICAL DEFORMATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES FOLLOWED BY LOCAL ELECTRON TRANSFER
Authors: Popović Zoran P. , Damnjanović Milan , Milošević Ivanka
Published: December 2024

Structure and geometry, modeling of carbon nanotubes enable to generate whole system from a single representative atom, by symmetry transformation. Hence, symmetry can be used to reduce calculations and prediction of electronics and wide range other relevant physical properties. Homogeneous mechanical deformation, that preserves symmetry, causes Hamiltonian reparameterization that influences change of energy bands change. For semiconducting carbon nanotubes, the most significant changes occur around Fermi level, where the process involves conducting and valence bands with the same angular quantum number. Deformations can be varied until bands come close to each other. Inside Brillouin zone bands approach always in two points symmetrical with respect to gamma point during homogeneous deformation of carbon nanotube. In accordance with the non-crossing rule, valence and conducted states never intersect if they have all quantum numbers the same, even in the moment they take cone-like shape when it comes to the change of Berry phase. This is interpreted as the change of average positions of two electrons simultaneously by tunneling from the onsite position toward the intermediate position between two neighbor sites or vice versa, despite that nanotube is semiconductor.
SHOCK RESISTANCE OF SERBIAN SPRUCE WOOD FROM NATURAL AND PLANTED FORESTS
Authors: Petrović Danijela , Govedar Zoran , Dukić Vojislav , Bilić Srđan , Petković Vladimir
Published: December 2024

Among other things, the origin of the stand has a great influence on the quality of wood as a material. One of the important indicators of wood quality is the impact strength, because a large number of wood products crack under the influence of dynamic and not under the influence of static load. The aim of this work is to show the values of the impact bending strength (shock resistance) of Serbian spruce wood originating from natural stands and wood originating from planted forests, i.e. plantations. Correlations between impact bending strength and ring width, late wood content and wood density were determined by regression analysis.
Modeling of maximum runoff characteristics of small rivers in the mountain permafrost zone
Authors: Zhunusova Oksana Radikovna , Nesterova Nataliia Vadimovna , Makarieva Olga Mikhailovna
Published: December 2024

Climate change leads to the transformation of hydrological processes in the mountain permafrost regions, increasing the frequency and intensity of catastrophic floods. An example is the Magadan Oblast — an important region for the Russian economy, exposed to the risk of floods. The aim of the study was to calculate the maximum water discharge of three small rivers in the Magadan Oblast — the Krivulya, Ambardakh and Susuman rivers — using pluviograph data and the hydrological model Hydrograph. The model was verified on daily intervals for the periods 1966–1994 for the Krivulya stream and 1966-1987 for the Susuman and Ambardakh rivers. Modelling results have shown satisfactory correlation with the observed daily and mean annual values. The median values of the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient varied from 0.52 to 0.62. The model parametrization for three main types of the landscapes was developed based on the data of the Kolyma Water-Balance station. The modeling was carried out for the historical floods of August 16, 1986 for the Susuman and Ambardakh rivers (maximum observed instant discharges were 393 m3/s and 74.7 m3/s, calculated 1-hourly discharge — 420 m3/s and 78.5 m3/s, respectively) and July 26, 1984 for the Krivulya Stream (observed instant discharge — 14.2 m3/s, calculated 1-hourly discharge — 16.5 m3/s). The relative error of simulated and observed maximum discharges did not exceed 20%. The results of the study confirm the possibility of applying deterministic hydrological modeling on an intra-day interval using pluviograph data. However, the main limitation for the mountain cryolithozone remains the lack of precipitation data. A promising solution may be the use of climate model data, which, in combination with runoff formation models, opens up new opportunities for assessing and predicting maximum runoff characteristics.
Numerical study of tunable terahertz radiation from differential frequency generation in high-Q geometrically perturbed grating waveguide structures
Authors: LIANG Shijie , ZOU Jiaqi , WANG Wenjing , LIU Di , HUO Yanyan , NING Tingyin ,   Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
Published: December 2024

Nonlinear difference frequency generation (DFG) is a key mechanism for realizing terahertz (THz) sources. Utilization of DFG within micro- and nano-structures can circumvent the phase-matching limitations while supporting device miniaturization and integrability, thus the DFG is made a significant area of research. Enhancing the local electric fields through resonant modes in micro- and nano-structures has become a promising approach to achieving efficient and tunable THz sources across a broad wavelength range. In this work, the mechanism of DFG in high-Q-factor grating-waveguide structures for efficiently tuning THz radiation over a wide spectral range is investigated by using numerical simulations based on the finite element method (COMSOL Multiphysics). Theoretical analysis reveals that modulating the positional perturbation of one of the adjacent gratings effectively doubles the grating period, causing Brillouin zone to fold. This folding shifts the dispersion curve of the guided mode (GM) within the waveguide layer above the light cone, forming a guided mode resonance (GMR) with an ultra-high Q-factor, thereby significantly enhancing THz generation in a broad spectral range. Taking a cadmium sulfide (CdS) grating-waveguide structure for example, numerical simulations demonstrate that the THz conversion efficiency reaches an order of 10–8 W–1 when both fundamental frequency beams have an intensity of 100 kW/cm2, which is 109 times higher than the conversion efficiency of a CdS film of the same thickness. Moreover, the fundamental frequency resonance wavelength can be widely tuned by adjusting the incident angle. High-Q-factor resonance modes enable various fundamental frequency combinations by changing the incident angles of the two fundamental frequency beams, facilitating the generation of THz waves with arbitrary frequencies. This approach ultimately enables a highly efficient and tunable THz source in a wide spectral range, providing valuable insights for generating THz sources on micro- and nanophotonic platforms.
Research progress of passivation layer technology for crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: YUAN Heze , CHEN Xinliang , LIANG Bingquan , SUN Aixin , WANG Xuejiao , ZHAO Ying , ZHANG Xiaodan ,   State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Cells, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy, Institute of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350
Published: December 2024

With the rapid development of photovoltaic technology, crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells, as the mainstream photovoltaic devices, have received significant attention due to their excellent performances. In particular, silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon), and passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) represent the cutting-edge technologies in c-Si solar cells. The surface passivation layer of crystalline silicon solar cells, as one of the key factors to improve cell performances, has been closely linked to the development of crystalline silicon solar cells. Due to the complex mechanism of passivation layer and the high requirements of experimental research, achieving high quality surface passivation is challenging. In this paper, the key issues and research progress of interface passivation technologies for SHJ, TOPCon, and PERC solar cells are comprehensively reviewed. Firstly, the research progress of key technological breakthrough in SHJ solar cell is reviewed systematically, and the influences of growth conditions and doping layer on the passivation performances of SHJ solar cell are discussed in detail. Secondly, the important strategies and research achievements for improving the passivation performances of TOPCon and PERC solar cells in the past five years are systematically described. Finally, the development trend of passivation layer technology is prospected. This review provides valuable insights for improving future technology and enhancing performance of c-Si solar cells.
Underwater polarization de-scattering imaging independent of target-free region
Authors: ZHU Yeqing , WANG Xing , ZHU Zhuqing ,   School of Information Engineering, Taizhou College of Nanjing Normal University, Taizhou 225300, China,   School of Computer and Electronic Information, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China,   State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optical Precision Machinery and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
Published: December 2024

Underwater optical imaging technology possesses broad application prospects in fields such as marine resource exploration, underwater ecological environment monitoring, and seabed topography detection. The technology employs the polarization characteristics of light, particularly those of the background and target, to achieve a clear image. However, the traditional methods rely on target-free regions to compute the backscattered light information, which is infrequently present in the actual scene captured by the camera. Then the full-space resolution of target information light and backscattered light information are required. At this time, the traditional methods may be difficult to adapt in practical application.

In this work, an underwater polarization de-scattering method independent of target-free regions is proposed by combining active polarization imaging and transmittance de-scattering model. Initially, the total light intensity within the camera’s field of view is decomposed into its polarized and unpolarized components. By removing the backscattered light with polarized and unpolarized information from the total light intensity, a clear underwater target can be obtained. Based on the active polarization imaging model, the backscattered light with polarization information is calculated, in which the polarization angle of the backscattered light is considered to be zero in the full-space. Thus, the polarization degree of the target information light occupying the camera’s entire field of view can be derived. According to the polarization correlation, the polarization degree of the backscattered light can be characterized, and the intensity of the backscattered light with polarization information in the camera’s entire field of view can also be obtained. Then the unpolarized component is calculated using the minimum intensity image with Stokes vector transformation. Finally, the underwater scene is obtained by combining the transmittance de-scattering principle and introducing adjustment parameters.

Experimental and real-world underwater imaging results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively remove the majority of the backscattered light and improve the image contrast and entropy, regardless of whether there are target-free regions. Additionally, this method possesses a certain rate advantage, which can facilitate the real-time complex underwater imaging technology.
Bipolar Fuzzy Sets Are Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Atanassov Krassimir , Kacprzyk Janusz
Published: December 2024

In 1983 the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFSs) were introduced as an extension of Zadeh's fuzzy sets. Fifteen years later the Bipolar Fuzzy Sets (BFSs) were introduced as a new extension of fuzzy sets. In the article it is proved that each BFS can be transformed injectively or bijectively to an IFSs.
Removal of Reactive Blue 13 Using Modified Cellulosic Material Based on Rice Husks
Authors: Vassileva Paunka , Uzunov Ivan , Voykova Dimitrinka , Ignatov Ignat
Published: December 2024

The present study deals with the removal efficiency regarding Reactive Blue 13 (RB) of a cationized cellulosic adsorbent prepared from agricultural waste. The rice husks were used as a raw material to extract and separate the cellulose by alkali and bleaching treatment. The cellulosic material was modified with N, N-dimethyl-1-octadecylamine to prepare a cationized adsorbent. The adsorption process was scrutinized across multiple parameters influencing dye removal and was well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models predicting chemically rate-controlled monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic studies show that the adsorption of RB is spontaneous and endothermic. It was established that the new cationized cellulosic material could serve as an effective adsorbent for the removal of RB from aqueous media.
New Developed (Ag)-La$$_2$$O$$_3$$-Ce$$_4$$O$$_7$$-ZnO Photocatalytic Active Composites for Textile Dyes Degradation
Authors: Zaharieva Katerina , Shipochka Maria , Dimova Silvia , Stambolova Irina , Vassilev Sasho
Published: December 2024

New La2O3-Ce4O7-ZnO photocatalytic active composites were synthesized using Pluronic-assisted co-precipitation route, followed by calcination at 450° C. The silver doping of the prepared La2O3-Ce4O7-ZnO material was performed by impregnation with aqueous solution of AgNO3. The average crystallites size 3 nm and 39 nm for Ce4O7 and ZnO phases were estimated by PXRD analysis. The XPS study determined that the La3d5/2 peak is positioned at 834.1 eV and corresponds to La2O3. The binding energy of the Ag3d5/2 peak of the Ag-La2O3-Ce4O7-ZnO powder is at 367.2 eV and the amount of the silver on the surface is 0.8 at%. The obtained values of the modified Auger zinc and silver parameter are 2010.5 eV and 724.4 eV and correspond to Zn2+ and Ag2+ oxidation states, respectively. The silver doping enhances the photocatalytic efficiency of La2O3-Ce4O7-ZnO sample for degradation of Reactive Black 5 dye (78%) at 150 min UV irradiation compared to that of the undoped sample (52%). The undoped sample demonstrates the higher photocatalytic ability for degradation of Malachite Green dye (degree of degradation at 150 min – 80%) in comparison with Reactive Black 5 dye (52%).
Awareness of Radiation Oncologists Regarding Oral Evaluation of Patients before Radiotherapy: Survey Study
Authors: Özcan Fatih , Özcan Bilge
Published: December 2024

Radiotherapy is one of the most preferred methods in head and neck cancers. Many oral complications develop in patients during and after radiation from the head and neck region. While these complications affect the comfort of life in patients, they also cause many problems in the treatment process for physicians. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, opinions and attitudes of physicians who perform radiotherapy about dentistry and multidisciplinary approach before or during radiotherapy. A total of 120 physicians who applied radiotherapy participated in the study. The questionnaire consists of 14 questions which were sent online to practitioners working in many centres. The results were entered into the statistics data package system. 78.6% of the physicians answered yes to the question of simultaneous dentistry and multidisciplinary approach during radiotherapy. While 82.1% answered yes as the level of knowledge in terms of complications, 79.5% answered yes to the question of supportive treatments, and 29.9% answered yes to the question of applying protective appliances. While the level of knowledge of the physicians participating in this study was sufficient in terms of complications, a lower rate was found in terms of dental consultation and dentistry, as well as multidisciplinary approach and protective appliances.
Breeding Evaluation of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Polycross Progenies by Multivariate Analysis Based on Agro-morphological Traits
Authors: Marinova Diana , Dyakova Galina , Mincheva Ralitsa
Published: December 2024

The alfalfa varieties are mostly synthetic populations of wide genetic base and a number of breeding schemes have been proposed for their creation. The progeny testing plays an important role in new alfalfa variety development because it gives information about the genetic value of the parental components based on the values established in their progeny.From 2018 to 2021 nine polycross progenies (23-M, S11-17, S11-34, S12-1/8, 9K11, 8K7, AI17, 9P17 and 3P17) originated in a polycross nursery were tested at the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture and Seed Science “Obraztsov chiflik” – Rousse. The field experiment was performed in a randomized block design in four replicates and harvesting plot size of 10 m2. The objective of the study was to evaluate the alfalfa polycross progenies based on main agro-morphological traits performance and to predict their genetic potential as a source of parental material for new alfalfa variety breeding.
9K11 and 8K7 progenies showed superior scores regarding green mass and dry matter yield, plant height, stem producing ability and regrowth rate, while S11-34 and 3P17 progenies distinguished with high phenotypic expression of crude protein content and leaf/stem ratio. These progenies are valuable germplasm source to be used in a further breeding programme for new alfalfa variety development.
Feasibility of function‐guided lung treatment planning with parametric response mapping
Authors: Matrosic Charles K. , Owen D. Rocky , Polan Daniel , Sun Yilun , Jolly Shruti , Schonewolf Caitlin , Schipper Matthew , Haken Randall K. Ten , Galban Craig J. , Matuszak Martha
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Recent advancements in functional lung imaging have been developed to improve clinicians’ knowledge of patient pulmonary condition prior to treatment. Ultimately, it may be possible to employ these functional imaging modalities to tailor radiation treatment plans to optimize patient outcome and mitigate pulmonary complications. Parametric response mapping (PRM) is a computed tomography (CT)–based functional lung imaging method that utilizes a voxel‐wise image analysis technique to classify lung abnormality phenotypes, and has previously been shown to be effective at assessing lung complication risk in diagnostic applications. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the implementation of PRM guidance in radiotherapy treatment planning.

Methods and materials

A retrospective study was performed with 18 lung cancer patients to test the incorporation of PRM into a radiotherapy planning workflow. Paired inspiration/expiration pretreatment CT scans were acquired and PRM analysis was utilized to classify each voxel as normal, parenchymal disease, small airway disease, and emphysema. Density maps were generated for each PRM classification to contour high density regions of pulmonary abnormalities. Conventional volumetric‐modulated arc therapy and PRM‐guided treatment plans were designed for each patient.

Results

PRM guidance was successfully implemented into the treatment planning process. The inclusion of PRM priorities resulted in statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements to the V20Gy within the PRM avoidance contours. On average, reductions of 5.4% in the V20Gy(%) were found. The PRM‐guided treatment plans did not significantly increase the dose to the organs at risk or result in insufficient planning target volume coverage, but did increase plan complexity.

Conclusions

PRM guidance was successfully implemented into a treatment planning workflow and shown to be effective for dose redistribution within the lung. This work has provided a framework for the potential clinical implementation of PRM‐guided treatment planning.
Back to the Future: The Architecture of Entertainment
Authors: Cook Peter
Published: October 2021

Throughout Peter Cook’s long and influential career, he has been at the epicentre of architectural education and architectural speculation. Here he remembers some of the genesis moments of entertainment architecture and its characters. Using examples from STUFISH's oeuvre he asserts that entertainment architecture is Architecture with a capital ‘A’ and at least as relevant as any of the discipline's other manifestations.
Innovative Thinking: Engineering Solutions
Authors: Thomas Neil
Published: October 2021

NEIL THOMAS, founder of structural engineering firm Atelier One, has had an enduring and symbiotic relationship with STUFISH. He and his team have played a key part in designing the structures of some of the most audacious stage shows and rock gigs in recent years. He recounts how those stages, which have an iconic presence in the history of contemporary music, came about.
Creating Performance Environments: Technology, Design and Patience
Authors: Auerbach S. Leonard
Published: October 2021

S. Leonard Auerbach is Founder and Design Director of San Francisco‐based Auerbach Pollock Friedlander (APF) who provide theatre and theatrical systems design and audio‐video consulting services. He charts a series of creative interactions and collaborations with STUFISH from 2003 onwards that are highly architectural and theatrical, and international in their scope.
Halide Perovskite Solar Cells for Building Integrated Photovoltaics: Transforming Building Façades into Power Generators
Authors: Koh Teck Ming , Wang Hao , Ng Yan Fong , Bruno Annalisa , Mhaisalkar Subodh , Mathews Nripan
Published: October 2021

The rapid emergence of organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites for low‐cost and high‐efficiency photovoltaics promises to impact new photovoltaic concepts. Their high power conversion efficiencies, ability to coat perovskite layers on glass via various scalable deposition techniques, excellent optoelectronic properties, and synthetic versatility for modulating transparency and color allow perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to be an ideal solution for building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs), which transforms windows or façades into electric power generators. In this review, the unique features and properties of PSCs for BIPV application are accessed. Device engineering and optical management strategies of active layers, interlayers, and electrodes for semitransparent, bifacial, and colorful PSCs are also discussed. The performance of PSCs under conditions that are relevant for BIPV such as different operational temperature, light intensity, and light incident angle are also reviewed. Recent outdoor stability testing of PSCs in different countries and other demonstration of scalability and deployment of PSCs are also spotlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities for realizing perovskite‐based BIPV are discussed.