bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Аналіз методологічної бази забезпечення впровадження гендерної рівності та формування гендерної компетентності в процесі підготовки фахівців сектору безпеки та оборони
Authors: Корнійчук Ю. Г. , Лазуріна Н. П. , Островська-Бугайчук І. М.
Published: May 2022

Стаття присвячена аналізу методичних посібників з інтеграції гендерних підходів та формування гендерної компетентності в системі підготовки фахівців сектору безпеки та оборони. Розглянуто систему методологічних підходів до формування гендерної свідомості, подолання гендерних стереотипів та реалізації шляхів забезпечення рівних прав і можливостей жінок і чоловіків у секторі безпеки та оборони. Підкреслено важливість завдання, що стоїть перед викладачами закладів вищої військової освіти з формування гендерної компетентності в курсантів та курсанток для використання гендерного підходу під час виконання військово-професійних обов’язків. Запропоновано використовувати дидактику викладання гендерно орієнтованих тем чи курсів у складі суспільствознавчих та гуманітарних дисциплін, з використанням наскрізного тематичного взаємозв’язку по всіх дисциплінах. Зазначено важливість запровадження принципів гендерної рівності під час навчання у вищих військових навчальних закладах, які спрямовують процес саморозвитку та самопізнання сучасних особистостей, формують військових фахівців, здатних до активної соціальної взаємодії та відповідальності.
An Investigation of the Impact of Forming Process Parameters in Single Point Incremental Forming Using Experimental and Numerical Verification
Authors: Mezher Marwan T. , Kovács Béla
Published: May 2022

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is an innovative cold forming operation and has enticed great interests owing to its flexibility and capability to manufacture various complex 3D shapes with low costs and minimum requirements. Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is the most popular type of ISF process and has high quality and less occurrence of defects for the formed products if the operating parameters are achieved and evaluated with high precision. In this study, the impact of tool diameter and forming angle on the forming force, thickness distribution, thinning ratio, effective plastic strain, forming depth and fracture behaviour was explored. AA1050 aluminium alloy and DC04 carbon steel were employed to produce a truncated cone in accordance with the SPIF process. A 3D finite element model was required to achieve a well-established investigation. The SPIF of a truncated cone numerical model was adopted to build a model with the same conditions as of the experimental work with aid of ANSYS software version 18 through using the workbench LS-DYNA model. The sheet metal modelling was carried out in accordance the Cowper Symonds power law hardening by taking the behaviour of the material as elastic–plastic, and the anisotropic properties were assumed to simulate the plasticity behaviour for two sheet metals. Results indicate that the DC04 carbon steel has a higher forming force, minimum thickness and lower thinning ratio compared with AA1050 aluminium alloy under the same operating conditions.
Az edit-a-thonok általi Wikipédia szerkesztés
Authors: Molnár Bence
Published: May 2022

Az egyetemi hallgatók által írt számos szemináriumi dolgozat és egyéb tudományos produktum jellemzőencsak az egyetemi oktatóknak készülnek, azok sosem hasznosulnak az adott kurzusokon kívül, ezáltal egy„feneketlen fiókba kerülnek”. A közösségi közreműködésen alapuló számonkérés – amikor a közös projektbenvégzett munka egyénenként kerül értékelésre – azonban egyszerre serkentheti a hallgatói motivációt,teremtheti meg aktív bevonásukat és kapacitásaik becsatornázását különféle projektekbe. Ennek egyik lehetségesplatformja az edit-a-thonokon általi közreműködés a Wikipédiához. A Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetemhallgatói számára évenként tartott „Shakespeare-szerkesztőmaraton” példáján keresztül betekintést nyújtokaz edit-a-thonok alkalmazásának kérdéskörébe és lehetőségeibe. Bemutatom a fordító- és tolmácsképzésbentörténő alkalmazás egyedi módozatait, valamit a téma- vagy szakspecifikus edit-a-thonokat.
Hver eru skilyrði fyrir því að bætur fyrir ófjárhagslegt tjón (miskabætur) erfist
Authors: Sigurðsson Guðmundur
Published: May 2022

Viðfangsefni greinarinnar er í grófum dráttum þríþætt, eðli og tilgangur miskabóta, almenn umfjöllun um skilyrði þess að bætur fyrir ófjárhagslegt tjón (miskabætur) erfist og dómur Landsréttar 17. desember 2021 í máli nr. 636/2020: Dánarbú T gegn íslenska ríkinu. Hvað fyrsta hlutann varðar þá er í 2. kafla farið almennt yfir það hvert eðli og tilgangurinn með miskabótum er. Í öðrum hluta greinarinnar eru m.a. færð fyrir því rök að ef frá eru taldar miskabætur samkvæmt 26. gr. skaðabótalaga gildi efnislega sambærileg regla og er að finna í 2. mgr. 18. gr. þeirra laga um skilyrði fyrir því að miskabætur erfist. Hvað dóm Landsréttar 17. desember 2020 í máli nr. 636/2020 varðar þá er niðurstaðan í greininni sú að þó niðurstaða bæði meiri- og minnihluta réttarins, sé rétt hefði verið réttara að byggja hana á röksemdafærslu minnihlutans.
Landsréttur og fordæmi
Authors: Kristjánsson Hafsteinn
Published: May 2022

Greinin fjallar um réttarheimildarfræðileg álitaefni sem rísa í kjölfar gildistöku nýju dómstólalaganna. Þau lúta að mögulegri breytingu á hinni lagalegu aðferð. Í greininni er leitast við að svara eftirfarandi þremur spurningum. Í fyrsta lagi hvort ný dómstólaskipan hafi í för með sér breytingar á fordæmisgildi dóma Hæstaréttar. Í öðru lagi hvort ákvarðanir Hæstaréttar um áfrýjunarleyfi séu fordæmi eða hafi annars konar áhrif. Í þriðja lagi hvort úrlausnir Landsréttar séu fordæmi. Leitast er við að svara spurningunum einkum með því að beita kenningunni um túlkun hins lagalega efniviðar.
Skörun bóta samkvæmt reglugerð Evrópuþingsins og ráðsins (EB) nr. 883/2004 um samhæfingu almannatrygginga
Authors: Sverrisson Ingvar
Published: May 2022

Frjáls för einstaklinga innan EES kallar á samhæfingu á almannatryggingakerfum aðildarríkjanna og vernd réttinda til bóta eða lífeyris sem einstaklingar mynda samkvæmt löggjöf aðildarríkja. Sú réttarvernd má hins vegar ekki leiða til óréttmæts ávinnings í formi tvígreiddra bóta í fleiri aðildarríkjum vegna sömu eða sambærilegra atvika. Er í því efni tekið mið af meginreglum í almannatryggingum aðildarríkja sem heimila ekki skörun bóta sömu tegundar. Í grein sinni fjallar höfundur um hvernig tekið er á þessu efni í reglugerð Evrópuþingsins og ráðsins (EB) nr. 883/2004 um samhæfingu almannatrygginga vegna fjölskyldubóta sem tilkall er gert til í tveimur aðildarríkjum, bóta vegna langtímaumönnunar sem og réttinda til elli- eða örorkulífeyris. Fjallað er um efni þessara reglna og mótun þeirra með hliðsjón af markmiðum EES-samningsins um frjálsa för. Lýst er samspili reglugerðarinnar og landsréttar og álitaefnum varðandi framkvæmd mála hér á landi, sérílagi hvað varðar áhrif erlendra lífeyristekna við útreikning lífeyris samkvæmt lögum um almannatryggingar.
Las bibliotecas como creadoras de comunidades
Authors: Ruiz Sebastián Manuel
Published: May 2022

Las bibliotecas han experimentado diferentes cambios durante toda la historia, pero el paradigma digital en el que se vive hoy en día ha supuesto una transformación exponencial en los últimos años. Esta transformación ha supuesto que las bibliotecas creen comunidades, incluso el Covid-19 ayudó a esta creación. Además, se han seguido llevando a cabo los postulados del Manifiesto sobre la biblioteca pública, de 1994, escritos por la UNESCO y la International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, con el fin de hacer evolucionar a las bibliotecas como instituciones patrimoniales.
KONUŞMADA KÜLTÜR ŞOKUNUN SEBEPLERİ VE ÇÖZÜM YÖNTEMLERİ (RUS DİLİNDEKİ BELİRTİSİZ ZAMİR ÖRNEKLERİYLE)
Authors: AKYAR Ali , SOLMAZ İbrahim Hakkı
Published: May 2022

Modern toplumun gelişiminde küresel eğilimler, bireyin entelektüel ve etkinlik potansiyelinde bir artışa ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu ihtiyaçların en önemli çözümlerinden biri, mesleki faaliyetleri için öğrencilere iki ya da üç dil öğretiminde büyük önem taşıyan dil eğitim sisteminin modernleşmesiyle gerçekleştirilebilir.

Rusça ve Türkçe dillerinin çeşitliliği, her zaman hedef dilin iletişim normlarının özümsenmesinin kalitesini etkiler. Bu bağlamda, öğrenme sürecinde öğrencilerin bazı zorluklarla karşılaşabilecekleri ve öğretmenin mesleki faaliyetinin bu zorlukların üstesinden gelmeye ve önlemeye yönelik olması gerektiği dikkate alınmalıdır.

Sosyologların kültür şoku, dilbilimcilerin ise dil girişimi olarak adlandırdığı yabancı dil öğreniminde telaffuz becerisi oluşturmada ortaya çıkan bazı sorunlar da bunlardan biridir. Bu zorlukların analizi yapılmış ve genel olarak psikolojik, metodolojik ve dilbilimsel olarak üç gruba ayrılmıştır.

Yabancı dil öğretiminde doğru telaffuz (orfoepik) konusunda çalışmalar yapan dilbilimcilerin ifadelerinden yola çıkılarak telaffuz becerisini doğrudan etkileyen konuşmadaki kültür şokunu oluşturan sebepler açıklanmış ve bu zorlukların üstesinden gelmek, dil öğretimi ortamlarında doğru telaffuz becerisi oluşturmak için başvurulabilecek bazı yöntemler belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu yöntemler Rus dilindeki belirtisiz zamirlerle örneklendirilmiş ve sözcüklerin telaffuzunda oluşabilecek sorunlar belirtilip, doğru aktarımın nasıl uygulanacağı açıklanmıştır.

Çalışmamızın amacı, Türkiye’de Rusça öğrenim gören öğrencilerin Rusça kelimelerin doğru telaffuzu konusunda yaşadığı sıkıntıların sebeplerini analiz etmek ve sorunun çözümü için özellikle Türk öğrencilere Rusça öğretirken konuşmada kültürel şoku aşmanın bir yolu olarak linguodidaktik yaklaşımların kullanımının özelliklerini ele almaktır.
PEMANFAATAN KEONG BAKAU (Telescopium telescopium) SEBAGAI BIOFILTER DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN KUALITAS AIR SECARA FISIK PADA MEDIA PEMELIHARAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Wanti Wanti , Ruslaini Ruslaini , Rahman Abdul
Published: May 2022

ABSTRAK         Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan (T.telescopium) sebagai biofilter dalam mempertahankan kualitasair air secara fisik pada media pemeliharaan ikan nila (O.niloticus). Keong bakau digunakan berukuran 11 g dan ikan nila 5 g. Keong bakau dan ikan nila dipelihara selama 30 hari dalam akuarium berukuran 35x40x35 cm berisikan air 42 liter. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah A (kontrol), B (10 keong bakau), C (15 keong bakau) dan D (20 keong bakau)  setiap unitnya berisikan 15 ekor ikan nila. Selama pemeliharaan, pemberian pakan dilakukan secara adlibitum pagi dan sore hari. Rancangan digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai variabel TSS untuk perlakuan A,B,C dan D secara berurutan yaitu 1,52 mg/L, 1,25 mg/L, 0,99 mg/L, dan 0,77 mg/L. Nilai variabel TOM secara berurut adalah 3,85 mg/L, 2,88 mg/L, 1,96 mg/L, dan 1,78 mg/L. Variabel pertumbuhan mutlak organisme ikan nila masing-masing perlakuan secara berurutan adalah 17,22 ± 17,83g, 19,98 ± 19,15g, 20,52 ± 21,51g, dan 22,85 ± 23,05g dengan kelulushidupan 100% untuk semua perlakuan. Anova menujukkan bahwa variabel TSS tidak berpengaruh nyata antar perlakuan, namun pada variabel TOM memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan. Demikian terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila tidak berpengaruh antar perlakuan. Pemberian keong bakau sangat layak digumakan sebagai biofilter pada kegiatan budidaya.Kata Kunci : keong bakau, Ikan nila, Pertumbuhan Mutlak, Kelangsungan Hidup.
Communicating Climate Risk: 20 Key Insights
Authors: Walton Jo
Published: May 2022

These 20 points offer a summary of the second edition of Communicating Climate Risk: A Toolkit, which will be published by the Analysis under Uncertainty for Decision Makers Network and the UK Universities Climate Network later this year. They seek to give a very condensed high level snapshot of the current state of climate risk communication research. We welcome all comments and suggestions. A note on scope: Our focus is on climate risk communication for decision-making (especially in policy and industry), although we are also interested in climate risk communication more broadly.
Depresyonlu Bireylerde Sosyo-Demografik Faktörlerin Diyet Kalitesine Etkileri: Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması Verilerinden Analitik Kanıtlar
Authors: KURUTKAN Mehmet Nurullah , KARA Oğuz
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’de 15 ila 64 yaşları arasında depresyon tanısı olan ve olmayan bireyler arasında diyet kalitesi prevalansını raporlamak, gıda tüketim sıklığının zaman eğilimlerini analiz etmek, diyet kalitesi ile sosyo-demografik, yaşam tarzı ve sağlıkla ilgili faktörler arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaktır. Depresyon tanısı olan ve olmayan bireylerin diyet kalitesi ile ilişkili değişkenleri belirlemek için lojistik regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca çeşitli demografik değişkenler baz alınarak tanı grupları arası farklılık analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizlerde kullanılan veriler, TÜİK tarafından yayınlanan Türkiye Sağlık Araştırması (2014, 2016, 2019) mikro verilerinden elde edilmiştir. Veriler öznel sağlık durumunu yansıtmaktadır. Her üç dönemin toplam hasta sayısı 46060 kişidir. Depresyonda olan kişilerin sayısı ise 4539 (%9,85) kişidir. Depresyonun varlığı sağlıklı beslenme endeksini bozan bir yapıdadır. Sosyal güvenceye sahip olmak diyet kalitesinin 2,53 puan arttırmaktadır. Genel sağlık durumunda bir düzey kötüleşme diyet kalite endeksini 1 puan azaltmaktadır. Bireylerde hastalığın varlığı diyet kalitesini 2,26 puan arttırmaktadır. Hastalık, sağlıklı beslenme kaygısına yol açıyor. Sağlık politikası belirleyicilerinin, depresyonlu bireylerde diyet kalitesini iyileştirmeye yönelik stratejiler tasarlarken yukarıda sıralanan bulgular doğrultusunda uygulanabilir alternatif araçlar geliştirmeleri önerilmektedir.
Measuring Human Corneal Stromal Biomechanical Properties Using Tensile Testing Combined With Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Song Yi , Wu Di , Shen Min , Wang Like , Wang Congzheng , Cai Yong , Xue Chao , Cheng George P.M. , Zheng Yongping , Wang Yan
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To investigate the ex vivo elastic modulus of human corneal stroma using tensile testing with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and its correlation with in vivo measurements using corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology.

Methods: Twenty-four corneal specimens extracted from stromal lenticules through small incision lenticule extraction were cut into strips for uniaxial tensile tests. In vivo corneal biomechanical responses were evaluated preoperatively using the corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (CorVis ST). The correlation of the elastic modulus with clinical characteristics and dynamic corneal response parameters were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation analysis.

Results: The mean low strain tangent modulus (LSTM) of the human corneal stroma was 0.204 ± 0.189 (range 0.010–0.641) MPa, and high strain tangent modulus (HSTM) 5.114 ± 1.958 (range 2.755–9.976) MPa. Both LSTM (r = 0.447, p = 0.029) and HSTM (r = 0.557, p = 0.005) were positively correlated with the stress-strain index (SSI). LSTM was also positively correlated with the A1 deflection length (r = 0.427, p = 0.037) and A1 deflection area (r = 0.441, p = 0.031). HSTM was positively correlated with spherical equivalent (r = 0.425, p = 0.038).

Conclusions: The correlation of corneal elastic modulus with A1 deflection parameters and SSI may indicate a relationship between these parameters and tissue elasticity. The HSTM decreased with the degree of myopia. Combining tensile test with OCT may be a promising approach to assess corneal biomechanical properties.
Cost Function Determination for Human Lifting Motion via the Bilevel Optimization Technology
Authors: Tang Biwei , Peng Yaling , Luo Jing , Zhou Yaqian , Pang Muye , Xiang Kui
Published: May 2022

Investigating the optimal control strategy involved in human lifting motion can provide meritorious insights on designing and controlling wearable robotic devices to release human low-back pain and fatigue. However, determining the latent cost function regarding this motion remains challenging due to the complexities of the human central nervous system. Recently, it has been discovered that the underlying cost function of a biological motion can be identified from an inverse optimization control (IOC) issue, which can be handled via the bilevel optimization technology. Inspired by this discovery, this work is dedicated to studying the underlying cost function of human lifting tasks through the bilevel optimization technology. To this end, a nested bilevel optimization approach is developed by integrating particle swarm optimization (PSO) with the direction collocation (DC) method. The upper level optimizer leverages particle swarm optimization to optimize weighting parameters among different predefined performance criteria in the cost function while minimizing the kinematic error between the experimental data and the result predicted by the lower level optimizer. The lower level optimizer implements the direction collocation method to predict human kinematic and dynamic information based on the human musculoskeletal model inserted into OpenSim. Following after a benchmark study, the developed method is evaluated by experimental tests on different subjects. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method is effective at finding the cost function of human lifting tasks. Thus, the proposed method could be regarded as a paramount alternative in the predictive simulation of human lifting motion.
A Journey on Extracellular Vesicles for Matrix Metalloproteinases: A Mechanistic Perspective
Authors: Thuault Sylvie , Ghossoub Rania , David Guido , Zimmermann Pascale
Published: May 2022

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key players in matrix remodeling and their function has been particularly investigated in cancer biology. Indeed, through extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and shedding of diverse cell surface macromolecules, they are implicated in different steps of tumor development, from local expansion by growth to tissue invasion and metastasis. Interestingly, MMPs are also components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-limited organelles that cells release in their extracellular environment. These “secreted” vesicles are now well accepted players in cell-to-cell communication. EVs have received a lot of interest in recent years as they are also envisioned as sources of biomarkers and as potentially outperforming vehicles for the delivery of therapeutics. Molecular machineries governing EV biogenesis, cargo loading and delivery to recipient cells are complex and still under intense investigation. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art of our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms implicated in MMP trafficking and secretion. We focus on MT1-MMP, a major effector of invasive cell behavior. We will also discuss how this knowledge is of interest for a better understanding of EV-loading of MMPs. Such knowledge might be of use to engineer novel strategies for cancer treatment. A better understanding of these mechanisms could also be used to design more efficient EV-based therapies.
The Consequences of Assisted Reproduction Technologies on the Offspring Health Throughout Life: A Placental Contribution
Authors: Schroeder Mariana , Badini Gina , Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda N. , Albrecht Christiane
Published: May 2022

The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) worldwide has led to the conception and birth of over eight million babies since being implemented in 1978. ART use is currently on the rise, given growing infertility and the increase in conception age among men and women in industrialized countries. Though obstetric and perinatal outcomes have improved over the years, pregnancies achieved by ART still bear increased risks for the mother and the unborn child. Moreover, given that the first generation of ART offspring is now only reaching their forties, the long-term effects of ART are currently unknown. This is important, as there is a wealth of data showing that life-long health can be predetermined by poor conditions during intrauterine development, including irregularities in the structure and functioning of the placenta. In the current review, we aim to summarize the latest available findings examining the effects of ART on the cardiometabolic, cognitive/neurodevelopmental, and behavioral outcomes in the perinatal period, childhood and adolescence/adulthood; and to examine placental intrinsic factors that may contribute to the developmental outcomes of ART offspring. Altogether, the latest knowledge about life outcomes beyond adolescence for those conceived by ART appears to suggest a better long-term outcome than previously predicted. There are also changes in placenta structure and functional capacity with ART. However, more work in this area is critically required, since the potential consequences of ART may still emerge as the offspring gets older. In addition, knowledge of the placenta may help to foresee and mitigate any adverse outcomes in the offspring.
Discovery of Novel α-Aminophosphonates with Hydrazone as Potential Antiviral Agents Combined With Active Fragment and Molecular Docking
Authors: Tian Jia , Ji Renjing , Wang Huan , Li Siyu , Zhang Guoping
Published: May 2022

A series of novel α-aminophosphonate derivatives containing hydrazone were designed and synthesized based on active fragments. Bioassay results demonstrated that title compounds possessed good activities against tobacco mosaic virus. Among them, compounds 6a, 6g, 6i, and 6j were equivalent to the commercial antiviral agents like dufulin. On structure optimization-based molecular docking, compound 6k was synthesized and displayed excellent activity with values of 65.1% curative activity, 74.3% protective activity, and 94.3% inactivation activity, which were significantly superior to the commercial antiviral agents dufulin and ningnanmycin. Therefore, this study indicated that new lead compounds could be developed by adopting a joint strategy with active fragments and molecular docking.
Antifungal and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Paeonol Treatment Against Biofilms Comprising Candida albicans and/or Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Qian Weidong , Li Xinchen , Liu Qiming , Lu Jiaxing , Wang Ting , Zhang Qian
Published: May 2022

Fungal populations are commonly found in natural environments and present enormous health care challenges, due to increased resistance to antifungal agents. Paeonol exhibits antifungal activities; nevertheless, the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of paeonol against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans remain largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to evaluate the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of paeonol against C. albicans and/or C. neoformans (i.e., against mono- or dual-species). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of paeonol for mono-species comprising C. albicans or C. neoformans were 250 μg ml−1, whereas the MIC values of paeonol for dual-species were 500 μg ml−1. Paeonol disrupted cell membrane integrity and increased the influx of gatifloxacin into cells of mono- and dual-species cells, indicating an antifungal mode of action. Moreover, paeonol at 8 times the MIC damaged mono- and dual-species cells within C. albicans and C. neoformans biofilms, as it did planktonic cells. In particular, at 4 and 8 mg ml−1, paeonol efficiently dispersed preformed 48-h biofilms formed by mono- and dual-species cells, respectively. Paeonol inhibited effectively the yeast-to-hyphal-form transition of C. albicans and impaired capsule and melanin production of C. neoformans. The addition of 10 MIC paeonol to the medium did not shorten the lifespan of C. elegans, and 2 MIC paeonol could effectively protect the growth of C. albicans and C. neoformans-infected C. elegans. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was employed to examine the transcript profiling of C. albicans and C. neoformans biofilm cells in response to 1/2 MIC paeonol. RNA sequencing data revealed that paeonol treatment impaired biofilm formation of C. albicans by presumably downregulating the expression level of initial filamentation, adhesion, and growth-related genes, as well as biofilm biosynthesis genes, whereas paeonol inhibited biofilm formation of C. neoformans by presumably upregulating the expression level of ergosterol biosynthesis-related genes. Together, the findings of this study indicate that paeonol can be explored as a candidate antifungal agent for combating serious single and mixed infections caused by C. albicans and C. neoformans.
How COVID-19 Has Changed Crowdfunding: Evidence From GoFundMe
Authors: Wang Junda , Luo Jiebo , Zhang Xupin
Published: May 2022

While the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have yet to be determined, its immediate impact on crowdfunding is nonetheless significant. This study adopts a computational approach to better understanding this consequence. We aim to gain insight into whether and how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed crowdfunding. Using a unique dataset of all GoFundMe campaigns published over the past 2 years, we explore the factors that have led to successfully funded crowdfunding projects. In particular, we study a corpus of 36,370 projects from November 2018 to December 2020 by analyzing cover images and other attributes commonly found on crowdfunding sites. We first construct a classifier and a regression model to assess the importance of features based on XGBoost. Next, we employ counterfactual analysis to investigate the causality between features and the success of crowdfunding. Furthermore, sentiment analysis and paired samplet-tests are performed to examine differences in crowdfunding campaigns before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in March 2020. Findings suggest a significant racial disparity in crowdfunding success. In addition, sad emotions expressed in a campaign's description became significant after the COVID-19 outbreak. This study enriches our understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crowdfunding as well as the prevalence of discrimination in crowdfunding.
Transjugular Approach to Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale Under the Guidance of Fluoroscopy and Transthoracic Echocardiography: A Case Report
Authors: He Lu , Xue Jian-ying , Du Ya-juan , Xie Xue-gang , Wang Xing-ye , Zhang Yu-shun
Published: May 2022

Background

We describe a rare case of patent foramen ovale (PFO) associated stroke in a patient with pulmonary embolism, inferior vena cava thrombosis and undergoing filter implantation who successfully underwent PFO closure using the right internal jugular venous approach.

Case Summary

This is a rare case of a 42-year-old patient who presented with stroke and pulmonary embolism and was diagnosed with a PFO, inferior vena cava thrombosis and underwent filter implantation. The patient suffered from stroke and pulmonary embolism successively; that is, embolic events occurred in both the arterial and venous systems. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a PFO with an atrial septal aneurysm (ASA), which we considered a “pathological” PFO. Due to the obstructive nature of the inferior vena cava approach, we successfully performed PFO closure via the right internal jugular venous approach under the guidance of X-ray and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).

Discussion

The right jugular venous approach provides a simple technical solution for patients who require PFO closure when femoral venous access is unavailable, which can be performed under X-ray and TTE guidance.
Application of a Machine Learning Algorithm in Generating an Evapotranspiration Data Product From Coupled Thermal Infrared and Microwave Satellite Observations
Authors: Fang Li , Zhan Xiwu , Kalluri Satya , Yu Peng , Hain Chris , Anderson Martha , Laszlo Istvan
Published: May 2022

Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the main energy sources for atmospheric dynamics and a critical component of the local, regional, and global water cycles. Consequently, accurate measurement or estimation of ET is one of the most active topics in hydro-climatology research. With massive and spatially distributed observational data sets of land surface properties and environmental conditions being collected from the ground, airborne or space-borne platforms daily over the past few decades, many research teams have started to use big data science to advance the ET estimation methods. The Geostationary satellite Evapotranspiration and Drought (GET-D) product system was developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 2016 to generate daily ET and drought maps operationally. The primary inputs of the current GET-D system are the thermal infrared (TIR) observations from NOAA GOES satellite series. Because of the cloud contamination to the TIR observations, the spatial coverage of the daily GET-D ET product has been severely impacted. Based on the most recent advances, we have tested a machine learning algorithm to estimate all-weather land surface temperature (LST) from TIR and microwave (MW) combined satellite observations. With the regression tree machine learning approach, we can combine the high accuracy and high spatial resolution of GOES TIR data with the better spatial coverage of passive microwave observations and LST simulations from a land surface model (LSM). The regression tree model combines the three LST data sources for both clear and cloudy days, which enables the GET-D system to derive an all-weather ET product. This paper reports how the all-weather LST and ET are generated in the upgraded GET-D system and provides an evaluation of these LST and ET estimates with ground measurements. The results demonstrate that the regression tree machine learning method is feasible and effective for generating daily ET under all weather conditions with satisfactory accuracy from the big volume of satellite observations.
Stress-Strain-Sorption Behaviour of Smectites Upon Exposure to Dry and Wet CO2
Authors: Zhang Miao , Spiers Christopher James , Liu Jinfeng , Zhou Hongwei
Published: May 2022

The swelling-shrinkage behavior of smectites induced by interlayer uptake or sorption of CO2 and H2O has been investigated with increasing interest recent years, primarily because of its potential impact on the sealing efficiency of clay-bearing caprocks overlying CO2 storage reservoirs. To get a better understanding of the stress-strain-sorption coupling in smectite exposed to supercritical CO2, we performed multiple stepwise axial loading and unloading, oedometer-type experiments on ∼1 mm thick discs of pre-pressed Na-SWy-1 and of Ca-SAz-1 montmorillonite. Initially air-dry (AD) samples were first tested in the presence of wet CO2 (20% RH) at 10 MPa pressure, and in the vacuum-dry (VD) state in the presence of pure (dry) CO2 at 10 MPa. The samples were incrementally loaded and unloaded at 40°C, employing effective axial stresses ranging from 0.5 to 44 MPa. Control tests using wet and dry He or Ar instead of CO2, were performed to distinguish strains due to loading-related CO2 sorption/desorption from purely poroelastic effects. All samples saturated with CO2 exhibited 30–65% lower apparent stiffness moduli than when saturated with He or Ar, showing that CO2 adsorption/desorption altered the mechanical response of pre-pressed smectites. Relative to the He and Ar tests, swelling strains of a few % (corrected for poroelastic effects) were measured for AD Na-SWy-1 smectite exposed to wet CO2, decreasing from 4.9 to 3.8% with increasing effective axial stresses in the range 1.6–36.2 MPa. AD SAz-1 material exhibited similar tends. VD samples tested with dry CO2 showed much smaller relative swelling strains (0.5–1.5%), which also decreased with increasing applied effective stresses. The experimental data on relative swelling strain versus effective stress are well fitted by a recent thermodynamic model for stress-strain-sorption behavior in coal. Results derived from model fits indicate that smectite-rich rocks have significant storage capacity for CO2 at shallow depths (up to 1.5–2 km) through CO2 sorption by the clay minerals. However, this component of storage capacity is reduced by more than 80% with increasing burial depth beyond 3 km. The model provides a first step towards modelling stress-strain-sorption effects in smectite rich caprocks penetrated by CO2, though further refinements are needed for broader application to the smectite-CO2-H2O system.
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Is Associated With Central Lymph Node Metastasis in Classical Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Analysis from a High-Volume Single-Center Experience
Authors: Zeng Bin , Min Yu , Feng Yang , Xiang Ke , Chen Hang , Lin Zijing
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is regarded as a predictor for local recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but the role of prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) is controversial. Our study aims to identify the clinical factors associated with CLNM and develop a nomogram for making individualized clinical decisions.

Method

The perioperative data of 1,054 consecutive patients between Jan 2019 and April 2021, in our center, were reviewed and analyzed. A total of 747 patients with histopathologically confirmed classical PTC were included as the training cohort and 374 (50% training cases) patients were randomly selected to build a validating cohort via internal bootstrap analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and CLNM.

Result

In the training cohort, 33.6% (251/747) of patients with classical PTC were confirmed with CLNM. And the CLNM was determined in 31.4% (168/535) of non-Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) patients versus 39.2% (83/212) in HT patients (p=0.043). Four factors including gender, age, size, and HT status were confirmed significantly associated with CLNM. The established nomogram showed good discrimination and consistency with a C-index of 0.703, supported by the internal validation cohort with a C-index of 0.701. The decision curve analysis showed the nomogram has promising clinical feasibility.

Conclusion

Our study suggested that classical PTC patients with features like male gender, age<55 years old, tumor size>1cm, and HT condition had a higher risk of CLNM. And the nomogram we developed can help surgeons make individualized clinical decisions in classical PTC patients during preoperative and intraoperative management.
Free Versus Fixed-Ratio Combination of Basal Insulin and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Indirect Treatment Comparison
Authors: Jung Han Na , Cho Yun Kyung , Min Se Hee , Kim Hwi Seung , Kim Ye-Jee , Park Joong-Yeol , Lee Woo Je , Jung Chang Hee
Published: May 2022

Introduction

This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the free up-titration of basal insulin and fixed-ratio combination (FRC) of basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients inadequately controlled with GLP-1RA.

Methods

With the use of a systematic literature review of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases through July 2021, randomized controlled trials that compared the free up-titration or FRC with remaining on GLP-1RA in T2DM patients uncontrolled with GLP-1RA were included. A comparison of adding basal insulin to maintaining GLP-1RA and an indirect comparison between the two strategies were conducted on the change in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), target achievement [HbA1c < 7.0%], and the risk of confirmed hypoglycemia. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

Results

Two free up-titration and two FRC trials involving 1,612 participants, all lasting 26 weeks, were included. Both approaches significantly lowered HbA1c levels (weighted mean difference [WMD] −0.75%, 95% CI −0.97 to −0.53) but increased hypoglycemic risk [risk ratio (RR) 7.59, 95% CI 3.35−17.17] compared to the unchanged GLP-1RA. No significant differences were discovered between the two methods regarding the decrease in HbA1c (WMD 0.08%, 95% CI −1.07% to 1.23%), FPG (WMD −2.29 mg/dl, 95% CI −45.07 to 40.49 mg/dl), target achievement (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.50−2.14), and hypoglycemic risk (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.03−3.59).

Conclusion

In patients who failed to reach target HbA1c levels despite the GLP-1RA treatment, both strategies of adding basal insulin, free up-titration and FRC, are comparable options are comparable options.
Comprehensive Assessment of the STIMs and Orais Expression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Song Tian , Li Ping , Wang Qiumin , Hao Baozhen , Wang Ying , Bian Yuehong , Shi Yuhua
Published: May 2022

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disease characterized by irregular menstrual, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The definitive mechanism of the disorder is not fully elucidated. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, hormone secretion, and cell proliferation. STIMs and Orais are the main elements of SOCE. The potential role of SOCE in PCOS pathogenesis remains unclear.

Methods

The expression of STIMs and Orais in granulosa cells (GCs) derived from 83 patients with PCOS and 83 controls were analyzed, respectively, by using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Binary regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting PCOS after adjusted by body mass index and age. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the association between PCOS phenotypes and SOCE genes expression.

Results

Significantly increased expression of STIM1, STIM2, Orai1, and Orai2 were observed in patients with PCOS compared with controls (P = 0.037, P = 0.004, P ≤ 0.001, and P = 0.013, respectively), whereas the expression of Orai3 was decreased (P = 0.003). In addition, the expression levels of STIMs and Orais were identified as the factors affecting PCOS (P < 0.05). The expressions of these genes were correlated with hormone level and antral follicle count (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

For the first time, our findings indicated that the elements of SOCE were differently expressed, where STIM1, STIM2, Orai1, and Orai2 significantly increased, whereas Orai3 decreased in PCOS GCs, which might be dominantly involved in dysfunction of ovarian GCs and hormonal changes in PCOS.
Potential Therapeutic Targeting Neurotransmitter Receptors in Diabetes
Authors: Pan Xiaohui , Tao Shibing , Tong Nanwei
Published: May 2022

Neurotransmitters are signaling molecules secreted by neurons to coordinate communication and proper function among different sections in the central neural system (CNS) by binding with different receptors. Some neurotransmitters as well as their receptors are found in pancreatic islets and are involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Neurotransmitters can act with their receptors in pancreatic islets to stimulate or inhibit the secretion of insulin (β cell), glucagon (α cell) or somatostatin (δ cell). Neurotransmitter receptors are either G-protein coupled receptors or ligand-gated channels, their effects on blood glucose are mainly decided by the number and location of them in islets. Dysfunction of neurotransmitters receptors in islets is involved in the development of β cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Therapies targeting different transmitter systems have great potential in the prevention and treatment of T2D and other metabolic diseases.
Effects of Inbound Tourism on the Ecological Footprint. An Application of an Innovative Dynamic Panel Threshold Model
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Meo Muhammad Saeed , Aziz Noshaba , Arain Hira , Ferraz Diogo
Published: May 2022

This study uses a new and innovative dynamic panel threshold technique to examine the relationship between inbound tourism and ecological footprint (EF). This method was applied to the 10 most popular destinations spanning 1995–2021. These findings demonstrate that inbound tourism and EF have a threshold effect. To be specific, we find that only a certain threshold of tourism is beneficial to the environment; beyond that point, increasing tourism is likely to cause EF. Additionally, economic growth, infrastructure investment, and energy all benefited the EF. But water availability negatively affects EF. The findings of this study may have important policy implications for policymakers.
Single-Cell Transcriptomics-Based Study of Transcriptional Regulatory Features in the Non-Obstructive Azoospermia Testis
Authors: Tang Xiao-juan , Xiao Qiao-hong , Wang Xue-lin , He Yan , Tian Ya-nan , Xia Bin-tong , Guo Yang , Huang Jiao-long , Duan Peng , Tan Yan
Published: May 2022

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the most important causes of male infertility. Although many congenital factors have been identified, the aetiology in the majority of idiopathic NOA (iNOA) cases remains unknown. Herein, using single-cell RNA-Seq data sets (GSE149512) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we constructed transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) to explain the mutual regulatory relationship and the causal relationship between transcription factors (TFs). We defined 10 testicular cell types by their marker genes and found that the proportion of Leydig cells (LCs) and macrophages (tMΦ) was significantly increased in iNOA testis. We identified specific TFs including LHX9, KLF8, KLF4, ARID5B and RXRG in iNOA LCs. In addition, we found specific TFs in iNOA tMΦ such as POU2F2, SPIB IRF5, CEBPA, ELK4 and KLF6. All these identified TFs are strongly engaged in cellular fate, function and homeostasis of the microenvironment. Changes in the activity of the above-mentioned TFs might affect the function of LCs and tMΦ and ultimately cause spermatogenesis failure. This study illustrate that these TFs play important regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of NOA.
Long Non-Coding RNA RFPL3S Functions as a Biomarker of Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Prediction in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor
Authors: Guo Jie , Wang Shuang , Jiang Zhenzhen , Tang Le , Liu Zhizhong , Cao Jian , Hu Zhaolan , Chen Xiao , Luo Yanwei , Bo Hao
Published: May 2022

The incidence of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is currently on the rise worldwide, of which 15%-30% of patients have occur recurrence and metastasis. However, clinical methods for diagnosing TGCT and judging its prognosis remained inadequate. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of testis-specific long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Ret finger protein-like 3S (RFPL3S) as a biomarker for TGCT diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response by reviewing the TGCT gene expression data in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The cohort data and DNA methylation data of TGCT in TCGA were downloaded from TGCA, UCSC XENA, and GEO. The bioinformatic tools were used, including GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, LinkedOmics, UCSC XENA, Sangerbox Tools, GSCA, and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion. Compared with normal testicular tissues, the RFPL3S expression was significantly reduced in TGCT, and was significantly negatively correlated with the patient’s Tumor, Node, Metastasis stage. Hypermethylation and low copy number of RFPL3S were present in TGCT, and low RFPL3S was associated with short disease-free and progression-free intervals. Silencing RFPL3S significantly enhanced the invasion ability and proliferation ability of TGCT cells as evaluated by Transwell and CCK-8 experiments. Additionally, RFPL3S expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of immune-activating cells such as B cells, CD8+ T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer cells, and negatively correlated with the infiltration of immunosuppressive cells such as Th17 and Th2. Higher RFPL3S expression was present in patients with immunotherapy benefits. In conclusion, we determined that the testis-specific lncRNA RFPL3S functioned as a tumor suppressor in TGCT and could be used as a prognostic predictor of TGCT, as well as a marker to predict the effect of TGCT immunotherapy.
Glycometabolism Reprogramming of Glial Cells in Central Nervous System: Novel Target for Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Kong Erliang , Li Yongchang , Deng Mengqiu , Hua Tong , Yang Mei , Li Jian , Feng Xudong , Yuan Hongbin
Published: May 2022

Neuropathic pain is characterized by hyperalgesia and allodynia. Inflammatory response is conducive to tissue recovery upon nerve injury, but persistent and exaggerated inflammation is detrimental and participates in neuropathic pain. Synaptic transmission in the nociceptive pathway, and particularly the balance between facilitation and inhibition, could be affected by inflammation, which in turn is regulated by glial cells. Importantly, glycometabolism exerts a vital role in the inflammatory process. Glycometabolism reprogramming of inflammatory cells in neuropathic pain is characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and enhanced glycolysis. These changes induce phenotypic transition of inflammatory cells to promote neural inflammation and oxidative stress in peripheral and central nervous system. Accumulation of lactate in synaptic microenvironment also contributes to synaptic remodeling and central sensitization. Previous studies mainly focused on the glycometabolism reprogramming in peripheral inflammatory cells such as macrophage or lymphocyte, little attention was paid to the regulation effects of glycometabolism reprogramming on the inflammatory responses in glial cells. This review summarizes the evidences for glycometabolism reprogramming in peripheral inflammatory cells, and presents a small quantity of present studies on glycometabolism in glial cells, expecting to promote the exploration in glycometabolism in glial cells of neuropathic pain.
Members of the Regulatory Lymphocyte Club in Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Authors: Gupta Sudhir , Demirdag Yesim , Gupta Ankmalika Abha
Published: May 2022

The role of CD4 T regulatory cells is well established in peripheral tolerance and the pathogenesis of the murine model and human autoimmune diseases. CD4 T regulatory cells (CD4 Tregs) have been investigated in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Recently, additional members have been added to the club of regulatory lymphocytes. These include CD8 T regulatory (CD8 Tregs), B regulatory (Bregs), and T follicular helper regulatory (TFR) cells. There are accumulating data to suggest their roles in both human and experimental models of autoimmune disease. Their phenotypic characterization and mechanisms of immunoregulation are evolving. Patients with CVID may present or are associated with an increased frequency of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we have primarily focused on the characteristics of CD4 Tregs and new players of the regulatory club and their changes in patients with CVID in relation to autoimmunity and emphasized the complexity of interplay among various regulatory lymphocytes. We suggest future careful investigations of phenotypic and functional regulatory lymphocytes in a large cohort of phenotypic and genotypically defined CVID patients to define their role in the pathogenesis of CVID and autoimmunity associated with CVID.