bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P-containing coated carbons from phosphonium ionic liquids as catalyst supports for fuel cell applications
Authors: Severin Angelo A. , Rauber Daniel , Pachoula Stavroula , Philippi Frederik , Radev Ivan , Holtsch Anne , Müller Frank , Baumgärtner Manfred , Hempelmann Rolf , Kay Christopher W. M.
Published: December 2022

Phosphorus-containing catalyst supports synthesized by coating and pyrolysis of phosphonium ionic liquids lead to improved fuel cell properties.
Highly transparent Bi4Ti3O12 thin-film electrodes for ferroelectric-enhanced photoelectrochemical processes
Authors: Casadio Simone , Gondolini Angela , Sangiorgi Nicola , Candini Andrea , Sanson Alessandra
Published: December 2022

Highly transparent Bi4Ti3O12 (BiTO) thin-film photocathodes were fabricated for the ferroelectric-assisted photo-electrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2, showing the potential of effectively exploiting the ferroelectric properties of BiTO to boost its PEC performance.
Improved adsorption cooling performance of MIL-101(Cr)/GO composites by tuning the water adsorption rate
Authors: Xia Xiaoxiao , Li Song
Published: December 2022

Incorporation of MIL-101(Cr) with graphene oxide (GO) improves the water adsorption rate, leading to enhanced adsorption cooling performance including SCP and COPC.
Visible-light-driven production of fumarate from CO2 and pyruvate using a photocatalytic system with dual biocatalysts
Authors: Takeuchi Mika , Amao Yutaka
Published: December 2022

The unsaturated dicarboxylate fumarate was produced from pyruvate and CO2 by applying malate dehydrogenase and fumarase as a catalyst for the visible-light driven regeneration of NADH for the first time.
Application of droplet migration scaling behavior to microchannel flow measurements
Authors: Marnoto Sabrina , Hashmi Sara M.
Published: December 2022

We use theoretical migration scaling behavior in simple shear and Poiseuille flow to describe depletion in experimental microchannel droplet flows.
Wetting state transitions of individual condensed droplets on pillared textured surfaces
Authors: Chu Chenlei , Zhao Yinggang , Hao Pengfei , Lv Cunjing
Published: December 2022

We investigate the wetting state transitions of individual condensed droplets on pillared textured surfaces, and four wetting state transition modes were identified: Cassie-jumping, Cassie-detaching, Wenzel-collapsing and Wenzel-spreading modes.
Metal–semiconductor–metal ternary heteronanocrystals with multiple plasmonic effects for efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Wi Dae Han , Yang Hyunwoo , Kim Yonghyeon , Ahn Hojin , Hong Jong Wook , Han Sang Woo
Published: December 2022

A synthetic strategy for the controlled construction of plasmonic metal–semiconductor–plasmonic metal ternary heteronanocrystals with multiple plasmonic effects was developed.
Metallic active-site engineering: a bridge between covalent triazine frameworks and high-performance catalysts
Authors: Li Yixia , Lai Cui , Liu Shaobo , Fu Yukui , Qin Lei , Xu Mengyi , Ma Dengsheng , Zhou Xuerong , Xu Fuhang , Liu Hongda , Li Ling , Sun Qian , Wang Neng
Published: December 2022

Engineering metallic active sites (nano-scale/low-coordination/isolated metal active sites and active metal oxide/sulfide) into CTFs is an effective strategy for high-performance and large-scale industrial catalysis.
Raman spectra of 2D titanium carbide MXene from machine-learning force field molecular dynamics
Authors: Berger Ethan , Lv Zhong-Peng , Komsa Hannu-Pekka
Published: December 2022

MXenes are 2D materials with many promising applications, but their Raman spectra is still poorly understood. We developed a computational method to simulate Raman spectra of MXenes accounting for temperature, surface composition, and defects.
A Plasmodium falciparum ubiquitin-specific protease (PfUSP) is essential for parasite survival and its disruption enhances artemisinin efficacy
Authors: Arora Priya , Narwal Monika , Thakur Vandana , Mukhtar Osama , Malhotra Pawan , Mohmmed Asif
Published: December 2022

Proteins associated with ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) are potential drug targets in the malaria parasite. The ubiquitination and deubiquitination are key regulatory processes for the functioning of UPS. In this study, we have characterized the biochemical and functional role of a novel ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) domain-containing protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (PfUSP). We have shown that the PfUSP is an active deubiquitinase associated with parasite endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Selection linked integration (SLI) method for C-terminal tagging and GlmS-ribozyme mediated inducible knock-down (iKD) of PfUSP was utilized to assess its functional role. Inducible knockdown of PfUSP resulted in a remarkable reduction in parasite growth and multiplication; specifically, PfUSP-iKD disrupted ER morphology and development, blocked the development of healthy schizonts, and hindered proper merozoite development. PfUSP-iKD caused increased ubiquitylation of specific proteins, disrupted organelle homeostasis and reduced parasite survival. Since the mode of action of artemisinin and the artemisinin-resistance are shown to be associated with the proteasome machinery, we analyzed the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on PfUSP-iKD parasites. Importantly, the PfUSP-knocked-down parasite showed increased sensitivity to dihydroartemisinin (DHA), whereas no change in chloroquine sensitivity was observed, suggesting a role of PfUSP in combating artemisinin-induced cellular stress. Together, the results show that Plasmodium PfUSP is an essential protease for parasite survival, and its inhibition increases the efficacy of artemisinin-based drugs. Therefore, PfUSP can be targeted to develop novel scaffolds for developing new antimalarials to combat artemisinin resistance.
Automatic modulation recognition via aligned signals and key features
Authors: Liu Fugang , Pan Jingyi , Zhou Ruolin , Jiang Xiaolin
Published: December 2022

Deep learning‐based classification algorithms have been used for automatic modulation recognition (AMR). However, most methods only focus on end‐to‐end mapping and neglect the classic key features. In this paper, signals are enforced with key classification features to propose a novel deep learning AMR model by learning the shared latent space of the aligned signals and key features (LLAF); this increases the generalizability of the model and ensures the physical plausibility of the results. To obtain adequate signal representations, an encoder–decoder architecture is proposed to learn the shared latent space, and the architecture is trained to approximate prior label distributions for precise signal classification. Simulation results verify the high recognition accuracy of the proposed LLAF model under different signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs).
Near-infrared chemical abundances of stars in the Sculptor dwarf galaxy
Authors: Tang Baitian , Zhang Jiajun , Yan Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhiyu , Carigi Leticia , Fernández-Trincado José G.
Published: December 2022

Owing to the recent identification of major substructures in our Milky Way (MW), the astronomical community has started to reevaluate the importance of dissolved and existing dwarf galaxies. In this work, we investigate up to 13 elements in 43 giant stars of the Sculptor dwarf galaxy (Scl) using high-signal-to-noise-ratio near-infrared (NIR) APOGEE spectra. Thanks to the strong feature lines in the NIR, we were able to determine high-resolution O, Si, and Al abundances for a large group of sample stars for the first time in Scl. By comparing the [α/Fe] (i.e., O, Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti) of the stars in Scl, Sagittarius, and the MW, we confirm the general trend that less massive galaxies tend to show lower [α/Fe]. The low [Al/Fe] (∼ − 0.5) in Scl demonstrates the value of this ratio as a discriminator with which to identify stars born in dwarf galaxies (from MW field stars). A chemical-evolution model suggests that Scl has a top-light initial mass function (IMF), with a high-mass IMF power index of ∼ − 2.7, and a minimum Type Ia supernovae delay time of ∼100 Myr. Furthermore, a linear regression analysis indicates a negative radial metallicity gradient and positive radial gradients for [Mg/Fe] and [Ca/Fe], in qualitative agreement with the outside-in formation scenario.
Des virus bénéfiques pour les plantes et les animaux
Authors: Heisserer Camille , Selosse Marc-André , Drezen Jean-Michel
Published: December 2022

Les virus peuvent apporter de nouvelles fonctions aux organismes qui les portent. Chez les plantes, des virus, présents à des niveaux d’infection faibles, confèrent des propriétés de résistance aux stress et aux parasites. Chez les animaux, de plus nombreux exemples d’appropriation de gènes viraux, qui participent en particulier à la protection contre de nouvelles infections, à la communication entre les neurones, ou à la morphogenèse du placenta, ont été décrits. Chez les guêpes parasites, une machinerie virale complexe est conservée sous la forme d’un virus endogène dispersé dans le génome, leur permettant d’infecter l’hôte parasité et de lui faire exprimer des protéines inhibant ses propres mécanismes de défense. Les processus d’appropriation des mêmes fonctions virales se sont souvent répétés au cours de l’évolution. Cette revue aborde des exemples de symbioses virales (c’est-à-dire, des cas où le virus exploite un organisme-hôte en lui étant par ailleurs bénéfique), où l’apport positif des virus est bien documenté.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Retention Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling between N-Hydroxybenzotriazole Esters and Boronic Acids
Authors: Li Wanfang , Li Shangzhang , Bai Jin , Zhu Riqian
Published: December 2022

We have developed a palladium-catalyzed C–O bond activation of N-hydroxybenzotriazole esters, which represent a new type of electrophilic partner for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions to make various ketones. This reaction employed the cheap and commercially available PdCl2(MeCN)2/PCy3 as the catalyst and proceeded at 80 °C.
A Decade of Advances of CS2/Amines in Three-Component Reactions
Authors: Wang Zhan-Yong , Wang Kai-Kai , Li Jiarong , Wang Nan , Liu Hong , Ding Wanli
Published: December 2022

Carbon disulfide (CS2) and amines are widely used in three-component reactions; commonly, dithiocarbamic acids are generated. As intermediates, dithiocarbamic acids are able to react with electrophiles, or nucleophiles. The goal of this review is to present an overview of CS2/amines in organic synthesis in the period 2011–2022. It focuses on reactions with alkenes, alkynes, I2, arynes, allenes, quinones, vinyl chlorides, aryl halides, arylboronic acids, 2-iodoanilines, 2-aminophenols, hypervalent iodine reagents, epoxide, or maleic anhydride.

1 Introduction

2 Reactions with Electrophiles

3 As Radical Precursor

4 Reactions with Nucleophiles

5 Conclusions
Intraoperative Ergonomic Assessment of Exoscopes versus Conventional DIEP Flap
Authors: Wang Tianke , Norasi Hamid , Nguyen Minh-Doan , Harless Christin , Law Katherine E. , Smith Tianqi G. , Tetteh Emmanuel , Hallbeck Susan
Published: December 2022

Background This study compared the ergonomics of surgeons during deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap surgery using either baseline equipment (loupes, headlights, and an operating microscope) or an exoscope. Plastic surgeons may be at high risk of musculoskeletal problems. Recent studies indicate that adopting an exoscope may significantly improve surgeon postures and ergonomics.

Methods Postural exposures, using inertial measurement units at the neck, torso, and shoulders, were calculated in addition to the surgeons' subjective physical and cognitive workload. An ergonomic risk score on a scale of 1 (lowest) to 4 (highest) was calculated for each of the postures observed. Data from 23 bilateral DIEP flap surgeries (10 baseline and 13 exoscope) were collected.

Results The neck and torso risk scores decreased significantly during abdominal flap harvest and chest dissection, while right shoulder risk scores increased during the abdominal flap harvest for exoscope DIEP flap procedures compared with. Exoscope anastomoses demonstrated higher neck, right shoulder, and left shoulder risk scores. The results from the survey for the “surgeon at abdomen” showed that the usage of exoscopes was associated with decreased performance and increased mental demand, temporal demand, and effort. However, the results from the “surgeon at chest” showed that the usage of exoscopes was associated with lower physical demand and fatigue, potentially due to differences in surgeon preference.

Conclusion Our study revealed some objective evidence for the ergonomic benefits of exoscope; however, this is dependent on the tasks the surgeon is performing. Additionally, personal preferences may be an important factor to be considered in the ergonomic evaluation of the exoscope.
Should gender be a determinant factor for granting crowdfunded microloans?
Authors: Cruz Rambaud Salvador , López Pascual Joaquín , Moro-Visconti Roberto , Santandreu Emilio M.
Published: December 2022

Crowdfunded microloans are a suitable tool for financing basic economic activities in developing as well as developed countries, favouring female empowerment. Despite the loans being relatively small, the widespread use of this instrument merits analyzing the factors affecting the microloan. One of these factors is gender because microloans are an important tool to finance projects promoted by women in many developing countries where microfinance is widely diffused. This research aims to determine if the gender of crowdfunded micro-borrowers is related to the main features which define the conditions of a microloan: amount, term, number of lenders, length of time to contact with borrowers and repayment system. The methodology used is the multinomial logit regression. The sample used in this study has been obtained by applying sampling techniques to a extensive public database from Kiva. This provided information on microloans from 56 countries around the world. The results based on amount, term, repayment method and recruitment period indicate that women are the best borrowers. All these variables, except the term, are significant at a 5% level. These findings may be useful to improve financial inclusion and outreach, consistently with the Sustainable Development Goals. Future research is needed to assess how “green and pink” microfinance (with environmental strategies particularly favored by women) can attract more ESG-compliant crowdfunding resources.
Plasma-free bubble cavitation in water by a 2.9 μm laser for bioprinting applications
Authors: Mohajan Shubho , Delagnes Jean-Christophe , Allisy Baptiste , Iazzolino Antonio , Viellerobe Bertrand , Petit Stéphane
Published: December 2022

We investigate the dynamics of the cavitation bubble induced by 2.9 μm mid-IR laser pulses (10 ns, 10–50 μJ), resulting in a plasma-free direct fast heating of water due to a strong vibrational absorption. We establish a direct correlation between the laser fluence (up to 6 J cm−2) and the maximum bubble radius (up to 200 μm). From experimental data, key parameters (threshold energy and internal pressure) can be retrieved by simulations including the water absorption saturation at 2.9 μm. At a fluence of 6 J cm−2, we obtain 13% of the laser energy converted to a bubble energy, and we can predict that operating at higher fluence >10 J cm−2 will lead to a maximum of 20% conversion efficiency. These results open the door to bioprinting using direct absorption of the laser radiation without additional absorber.
From transparent to black amorphous zinc oxide thin films through oxygen deficiency control
Authors: Nistor Magdalena , Gherendi Florin , Dobrin Daniela , Perrière Jacques
Published: December 2022

Despite the fact that zinc oxide is a well-known transparent oxide, several recent studies on “black” ZnO have renewed its potential for photocatalytic applications. We report on the control of oxygen deficiency in ZnO thin films grown at 300 °C on c-cut sapphire single-crystal substrates by pulsed electron beam deposition (PED) through a slight variation of argon pressure in PED. At a pressure of 2 × 10−2 mbar transparent, stoichiometric (ZnO) and crystalline films are obtained, while at 9 × 10−3 mbar black, oxygen-deficient (ZnO0.85) and amorphous films result. Stoichiometry, structural, and optoelectronic properties of transparent and black ZnO thin films were comparatively analyzed as a function of oxygen deficiency. Black ZnO thin films exhibit enhanced absorption in the visible and near-infrared due to oxygen deficiency, thus extending the range of applications of zinc oxide thin films from transparent electronics to solar absorbers and photocatalysis.
Magnetic pair distribution function data using polarized neutrons and ad hoc corrections
Authors: Frandsen Benjamin A. , Baral Raju , Winn Barry , Garlea V. Ovidiu
Published: December 2022

We report the first example of magnetic pair distribution function (mPDF) data obtained through the use of neutron polarization analysis. Using the antiferromagnetic semiconductor MnTe as a test case, we present high-quality mPDF data collected on the HYSPEC instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source using longitudinal polarization analysis to isolate the magnetic scattering cross section. Clean mPDF patterns are obtained for MnTe in both the magnetically ordered state and the correlated paramagnet state, where only short-range magnetic order is present. We also demonstrate significant improvement in the quality of high-resolution mPDF data through the application of ad hoc corrections that require only minimal human input, minimizing potential sources of error in the data processing procedure. We briefly discuss the current limitations and future outlook of mPDF analysis using polarized neutrons. Overall, this work provides a useful benchmark for mPDF analysis using polarized neutrons and provides an encouraging picture of the potential for routine collection of high-quality mPDF data.
VASH1–SVBP and VASH2–SVBP generate different detyrosination profiles on microtubules
Authors: Ramirez-Rios Sacnicte , Choi Sung Ryul , Sanyal Chadni , Blum Thorsten B. , Bosc Christophe , Krichen Fatma , Denarier Eric , Soleilhac Jean-Marc , Blot Béatrice , Janke Carsten , Stoppin-Mellet Virginie , Magiera Maria M. , Arnal Isabelle , Steinmetz Michel O. , Moutin Marie-Jo
Published: December 2022

The detyrosination/tyrosination cycle of α-tubulin is critical for proper cell functioning. VASH1–SVBP and VASH2–SVBP are ubiquitous enzymes involved in microtubule detyrosination, whose mode of action is little known. Here, we show in reconstituted systems and cells that VASH1–SVBP and VASH2–SVBP drive the global and local detyrosination of microtubules, respectively. We solved the cryo-electron microscopy structure of VASH2–SVBP bound to microtubules, revealing a different microtubule-binding configuration of its central catalytic region compared to VASH1–SVBP. We show that the divergent mode of detyrosination between the two enzymes is correlated with the microtubule-binding properties of their disordered N- and C-terminal regions. Specifically, the N-terminal region is responsible for a significantly longer residence time of VASH2–SVBP on microtubules compared to VASH1–SVBP. We suggest that this VASH region is critical for microtubule detachment and diffusion of VASH–SVBP enzymes on lattices. Our results suggest a mechanism by which VASH1–SVBP and VASH2–SVBP could generate distinct microtubule subpopulations and confined areas of detyrosinated lattices to drive various microtubule-based cellular functions.
A portable diagnostic system for the quantification of VUV fluxes emitted from low-temperature plasmas
Authors: Friedl R , Fröhler-Bachus C , Fantz U
Published: December 2022

Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy is linked to a huge effort, in particular if absolute numbers are required. To overcome this, a flexible device is developed based on a photodiode and optical filters for wavelength selection. Characterization of the diagnostic is performed against a VUV spectrometer that is radiometrically calibrated down to 46 nm. In the first instance, the latter is used for an analysis of VUV spectra of inductively coupled low-temperature plasmas for a variety of discharge gases and mixtures. The measured photon fluxes can easily have comparable magnitude as the occurring ion flux, and it is demonstrated that the photonic energy distribution can change drastically with varying external parameters (pressure, RF power). This highlights the need for energy resolution for VUV flux detection and a set of ten optical filters was selected for the VUV diode system according to the respective prominent emission ranges of typical discharge gases for plasma processing. Recommended filter combinations for each of the discharge gases and mixtures are given. The developed diagnostic is calibrated in-house against the VUV spectrometer, which makes energy-resolved absolute VUV flux measurements up to photon energies of 27 eV possible. The calibration is performed individually for all the investigated discharge gases and the corresponding filter combinations, and an accuracy of better than 25% compared to the VUV spectrometer is attested for the investigated parameter space (0.3–10 Pa, 200–1100 W RF power). Its applicability is demonstrated by measuring VUV fluxes at two further low-temperature plasma setups.
Reducing the qualification time of low energy phosphorus ion implantation process using spectroscopic ellipsometry for dynamic random access memory production line
Authors: Yang Gui-Fu , Kim Jun-Soo , Jung Jung-Hak , Park Sung-Chul , Jung Y , Bong S , Son H
Published: December 2022

In this study, a new method has been applied to monitor the low energy phosphorus ion implantation process in dynamic random access memory production line using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The dose sensing ability of SE is similar level to that of wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and the energy sensing ability is almost twice stronger than that of XRF. The coefficients of determination of SE have been confirmed that they are higher than 95% both for the implantation dose and implantation energy as variables. In the case of XRF measurement, the photoresist (PR) should be removed by ashing and strip processes before measuring the phosphorus concentration to avoid chamber contamination in high vacuum. However, there is free of contamination issue for SE in the presence of PR, so the phosphorus concentration can be monitored by SE immediately after the ion implantation. Consequently, the qualification time can be reduced at least as much as waiting and running time of the ashing and the strip processes. It is worth to note that the measuring speed of SE is 33 times faster than that of XRF. Considering the advantage of fast SE measurement speed, the number of measurement points was increased from 5 to 21 including 8 points of wafer edge to enhance monitoring of product quality. In this work, the qualification time has been reduced effectively by 39.2% in average in production lines by using SE technology.
Exact time-dependent solution of the Schrödinger equation, its generalization to the phase space and relation to the Gibbs distribution
Authors: Perepelkin E E , Sadovnikov B I , Inozemtseva N G , Aleksandrov I I
Published: December 2022

Using the simplest but fundamental example, the problem of the infinite potential well, this paper makes an ideological attempt (supported by rigorous mathematical proofs) to approach the issue of ≪understanding≫ the mechanism of quantum mechanics processes, despite the well-known examples of the EPR paradox type. The new exact solution of the Schrödinger equation is analyzed from the perspective of quantum mechanics in the phase space. It is the phase space, which has been extensively used recently in quantum computing, quantum informatics and communications, that is the bridge towards classical physics, where understanding of physical reality is still possible. In this paper, an interpretation of time-dependent processes of energy redistribution in a quantum system, probability waves, the temperature and entropy of a quantum system, and the transition to a time-independent ≪frozen state≫ is obtained, which is understandable from the point of view of classical physics. The material of the paper clearly illustrates the solution of the problem from the standpoint of continuum mechanics, statistical physics and, of course, quantum mechanics in the phase space.
Antisymmetric localization of terahertz defect modes in a planar waveguide with undulated walls
Authors: Ma Jing , Liu Huan , Zhang Shi-Yang , He Hai-Ling , Zou Wen-Li , Fan Ya-Xian , Tao Zhi-Yong
Published: December 2022

Although various terahertz (THz) functional devices based on artificial materials have been widely proposed, their performance is still unsatisfactory due to the limitation of the involved guided wave modes. The introduction of defects can result in a strong localization effect, which has been found in applications of improving device performance. Due to Bragg resonances, the localization is usually symmetrical about the center of defects. Here, based on multiple mode resonances, we demonstrate an antisymmetric localization of THz waves in a periodic parallel plate waveguide with non-Bragg nature resonances. Unexpectedly, such resonances can produce two extremely narrow transmissions with a transmittance close to 1, and the narrowest linewidth can reach 2 MHz and the Q-factor is close to 7.44 × 105, which would be good candidates for THz filtering and sensing. Referring to the field distributions, we employ the mathematical operation symbols of the equal sign ‘=’ and the multiplication sign ‘×’ to intuitively mark these two antisymmetric localizations with different characteristics. The dispersion curves and mode analysis reveal that the observed antisymmetric localizations caused by non-Bragg resonances are induced by the first- and second-order transverse modes. Furthermore, the frequency of antisymmetric localizations can be manipulated by changing the geometry of defects. Our findings on extremely narrow transmission peaks and antisymmetric localizations pave a way for creating high performance THz functional devices, such as switches, filters, and sensors.
Geometry of nonrelativistic string
Authors: Moinuddin Sk , Mukherjee Pradip
Published: December 2022

The nonrelativistic bosonic string theory in a curved manifold is formulated here using gauging of symmetry approach (Galilean Gauge theory). The corresponding model in flat space has some global symmetries. By localizing these symmetries as per Galilean Gauge theory, the action for the nonrelativistic string interacting with gravity is obtained. A canonical analysis of the model has been performed which demonstrate that the transformations of the basic field variables under gauge transformations in phase space are equivalent to the diffeomorphism parameters by an exact mapping. Thus complete consistency of our results from both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian procedures are established.
Optical fiber polarization-entangled photon pair source using intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing in the visible spectral band
Authors: Lee K , Jung J , Lee J H
Published: December 2022

The theoretical and experimental investigation results of the generation of the polarization-entangled photon pairs operating at visible wavelengths are reported. The generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs was based on intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing (IM-SFWM) using standard step-index few-mode fiber. It was shown theoretically that several combinations of IM-SFWM processes could occur depending on spatial modes of a pump beam. A polarization-entangled photon pair source based on Sagnac loop incorporating a segment of few-mode fiber were then experimentally created. A two-photon interference fringe visibility of our implemented photon pair source were 91.7% and 88.8% in H/V bases and D/A bases, respectively. A quantum state tomography was also conducted to reconstruct the density matrix of the generated state with a fidelity to a maximum entangled state of 93.1%.
Possible Origin of a Newly Discovered GeV Gamma-Ray Source Fermi J1242.5+3236
Authors: Mo Xiu-Rong , Luo Ming-Hong , Tan Hong-Bin , Tang Qing-Wen , Liu Ruo-Yu
Published: December 2022

Based on the first 13.4 yr of Fermi science data in the energy range from 300 MeV to 500 GeV, we discovered a bright GeV gamma-ray source with a ∼5.64σ detection, named Fermi J1242.5+3236, which has an offset of about 0.°0996 from a nearby star-forming galaxy NGC 4631. When using the 12 yr’ data, the detection significance of Fermi J1242.5+3236 is about 4.72σ. Fermi J1242.5+3236 is a steady point source without significant temporal variability and has a hard gamma-ray photon index of about −1.60 ± 0.24. The spatial offset and the hard gamma-ray spectrum disfavor this source as the diffuse gamma-ray emission from this galaxy. This new source might have a possible origin of an unidentified background blazar, which is more likely a high-synchrotron-peaked blazar for its hard gamma-ray photon index. A follow-up optical observation would help distinguish origin of Fermi J1242.5+3236.
Responses of model cortical neurons to temporal interference stimulation and related transcranial alternating current stimulation modalities
Authors: Wang Boshuo , Aberra Aman S , Grill Warren M , Peterchev Angel V
Published: December 2022

Objective. Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) was proposed as a non-invasive, focal, and steerable deep brain stimulation method. However, the mechanisms underlying experimentally-observed suprathreshold TIS effects are unknown, and prior simulation studies had limitations in the representations of the TIS electric field (E-field) and cerebral neurons. We examined the E-field and neural response characteristics for TIS and related transcranial alternating current stimulation modalities. Approach. Using the uniform-field approximation, we simulated a range of stimulation parameters in biophysically realistic model cortical neurons, including different orientations, frequencies, amplitude ratios, amplitude modulation, and phase difference of the E-fields, and obtained thresholds for both activation and conduction block. Main results. For two E-fields with similar amplitudes (representative of E-field distributions at the target region), TIS generated an amplitude-modulated (AM) total E-field. Due to the phase difference of the individual E-fields, the total TIS E-field vector also exhibited rotation where the orientations of the two E-fields were not aligned (generally also at the target region). TIS activation thresholds (75–230 V m−1) were similar to those of high-frequency stimulation with or without modulation and/or rotation. For E-field dominated by the high-frequency carrier and with minimal amplitude modulation and/or rotation (typically outside the target region), TIS was less effective at activation and more effective at block. Unlike AM high-frequency stimulation, TIS generated conduction block with some orientations and amplitude ratios of individual E-fields at very high amplitudes of the total E-field (>1700 V m−1). Significance. The complex 3D properties of the TIS E-fields should be accounted for in computational and experimental studies. The mechanisms of suprathreshold cortical TIS appear to involve neural activity block and periodic activation or onset response, consistent with computational studies of peripheral axons. These phenomena occur at E-field strengths too high to be delivered tolerably through scalp electrodes and may inhibit endogenous activity in off-target regions, suggesting limited significance of suprathreshold TIS.
Multi-tasking deep network for tinnitus classification and severity prediction from multimodal structural MR images
Authors: Lin Chieh-Te , Ghosh Sanjay , Hinkley Leighton B , Dale Corby L , Souza Ana C S , Sabes Jennifer H , Hess Christopher P , Adams Meredith E , Cheung Steven W , Nagarajan Srikantan S
Published: December 2022

Objective: Subjective tinnitus is an auditory phantom perceptual disorder without an objective biomarker. Fast and efficient diagnostic tools will advance clinical practice by detecting or confirming the condition, tracking change in severity, and monitoring treatment response. Motivated by evidence of subtle anatomical, morphological, or functional information in magnetic resonance images of the brain, we examine data-driven machine learning methods for joint tinnitus classification (tinnitus or no tinnitus) and tinnitus severity prediction. Approach: We propose a deep multi-task multimodal framework for tinnitus classification and severity prediction using structural MRI (sMRI) data. To leverage complementary information multimodal neuroimaging data, we integrate two modalities of three-dimensional sMRI—T1 weighted (T1w) and T2 weighted (T2w) images. To explore the key components in the MR images that drove task performance, we segment both T1w and T2w images into three different components—cerebrospinal fluid, grey matter and white matter, and evaluate performance of each segmented image. Main results: Results demonstrate that our multimodal framework capitalizes on the information across both modalities (T1w and T2w) for the joint task of tinnitus classification and severity prediction. Significance: Our model outperforms existing learning-based and conventional methods in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value.
Research on Wind Wave Simulation Technology based on Potential Flow Theory
Authors: Jiang Ting , Wang Fan , Li Xin-ying , Zheng Xiao-long
Published: December 2022

The wave environment is the main service environment of surface aircraft in the process of surface duty. In order to comprehensively study the operating characteristics of aircraft under this condition, it is necessary to conduct research on wave parameter modeling methods and simulation technology based on different wave conditions. This paper adopts the three-dimensional potential theory and ball model to calculate the different wave cases. A high-precision numerical simulation method of complex sea conditions is formed by mastering the numerical wave-making technology of typical regular and irregular waves. The result shows that the regular simulation in this paper has a high precision that the wave height and period is in 1% error compared with theory. The calculation error of spectral peak and peak frequency of sea states at all levels are within ± 8%, and the simulation quality of irregular waves meets the calculation requirements.
Structural Dynamics and Vibration Analysis of the MDOF Systems
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Ren Weihang , Liu Baocheng , Hu Dong
Published: December 2022

Because the vibration of buildings plays an important role in resisting an earthquake, we need some methods to analyze the vibration of the MDOF systems. This paper proposes a method to analyze the structural dynamics and vibration of the MDOF systems by using the “modal superposition method” and the “Duhamel integral”. We set the system consisting of mass, stiffness, and damping to correspond to actual situations. The results obtained in this research include the E.O.M: natural frequency and mode shape of the building model, which can show the resonance of the building. Based on our analysis, designers can make a more appropriate design of buildings that can reduce the mortality in the earthquake.
The Effect of Air on the Working Process of Hot Water Rocket Motor
Authors: Guo Zhongyuan , Sun Weiwei
Published: December 2022

A rocket motor that uses hot water as a propellant can be named a hot water rocket motor. Compared with the rocket motors using pure water vapor as the propellant, the hot water rocket motors have the advantage of large thrust due to the high spray density. Besides, it has the advantages of environmental protection and low cost compared with the traditional chemical rocket motor. To better understand the operational performance of the hot water rocket motor, a numerical model of the hot water rocket motor is developed in this paper. Besides, the influence of air on the motor is investigated, and it was found that the thrust is larger when the gas effect is ignored, while the working time of the motor is longer.
Risk Analysis and Scheme Optimization of Sand Control String Running in Extended Reach Horizontal Well
Authors: Ji Yuchen , Wen Min , Yue Jiaping , Zhang Binbin , Zi Yicheng , Yang Dongchuan
Published: December 2022

Due to the structure of the wells and other factors, the sand control string in offshore extended-reach wells is subjected to great friction resistance and even buckling phenomenon when being lowered, which ultimately leads to the failure of the string to be lowered in place. Based on elastoplastic and other relevant theories, this paper took an extended reach horizontal well in an oilfield in the South China Sea as an example and analyzed the friction and wellhead suspension weight of different well structures and completion string combinations in the process of running and finally carried out the risk analysis of the running string and the optimization of completion scheme. The results show that the friction resistance of the four-hole structure (8 1/2″) is lower than that of the five-hole structure (6″). Among them, an 8-1/2″ open hole 5-1/2″ high-quality screen is preferred, and a 6″ open hole 4″ high-quality screen is preferred. The friction coefficient in the open hole section is less helpful in improving the running safety of the sand control string, while reducing the friction coefficient in the casing is more obvious to reduce the friction. The results can provide guidance for the running of the screen and control string in the extended reach horizontal well.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Burst Vibration Fault of Large Steam Turbine Generator Shaft System
Authors: Xia Yalei , Xu Hui , Li Yong , Zhang Wentao , Zhang Xuyang , Wu Yajun
Published: December 2022

Aiming at the burst vibration fault of a supercritical 600 MW steam turbine generator unit during the on-load operation, the characteristics of sudden vibration faults of the rotor system were compared and analyzed. By analyzing the weight-loss vibration response coefficient and the variation characteristics of the vibration vector, parts falling off fault at the low-low coupling of the rotor system were diagnosed. After inspection, it was confirmed that the burst vibration fault of the rotor system was caused by the falling-off of the blast baffle of the low-low coupling bolt. After the blast baffle was restored by hoisting the installation technique, the vibration of the steam turbine generator unit was stable during start-up and grid connection.
Sintering Mechanical Properties of SiC/nano-Ag/Cu: Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Zhang Jiansheng , Zhang Peng , Ye Guigen
Published: December 2022

Nano-sintered silver has broad development prospects in the field of electronic packaging due to its excellent thermal conductivity and feasibility at low sintering temperatures. In this paper, by using molecular dynamics simulations, a single nano-silver particle is sintered, and its melting temperature range is obtained. Then, a SiC/nano-Ag/Cu sintered sample is prepared. By observing the formation process of the sintering neck, it is found that the sintering quality can be improved by prolonging the constant temperature time. Tensile simulations are performed on the sintered samples, and the traction-separation law curve is obtained. The initial yield strength of the sintered sample is 3.03 GPa, the elastic modulus is 28.99 GPa, and the fracture energy is 11.74 N/m according to the traction-separation law curve.
Effect of MHD Control on Turbulent Boundary Layer Separation Flow in Scramjet Inlet
Authors: Wu Zhaoyu , Ding Mingsong , Dong Weizhong , Gao Tiesuo , Jiang Tao
Published: December 2022

In order to study the effect of MHD control on the separation flow of turbulent boundary layer in the scramjet inlet based on the assumption of low magnetic Reynolds number, considering the source term of turbulent electromagnetic dissipation, the numerical simulation method is developed for electromagnetic field coupled with flow field. A Mach 4 plate is adopted as the basic configuration to assess the accuracy of the solver’s source term of turbulent electromagnetic dissipation. On this basis, numerical simulation of MHD control on the separation flow of boundary layer in scramjet inlet is carried out to study the influence of different electric field strengths and magnetic induction intensity on it. The results show that applying MHD local control alleviates the boundary layer separation in the scramjet inlet. Under different electric field strengths and magnetic induction intensity, the separation vortex’s scale significantly changes. The scale of the separation zone continues to decrease when the electric field strength or magnetic induction intensity increases, and the effect of MHD control is more significant.
High Quasi-static Pressure Measurement of Explosion in Closed Container
Authors: Xie Ye-ye , Duan Zhuo-ping , Bai Zhi-ling , Zhang Lian-sheng , Huang Feng-lei
Published: December 2022

To develop a method for determining the parameters of the final equation of state (EOS) of detonation products of aluminized explosives, an explosion quasi-static pressure measurement system in closed containers with a large mass-to-volume ratio is developed. The influence of domestic and foreign typical charge piezoelectric pressure sensors, sensor buffer adjustment structures, container tightness, grounding operation, weather, and other factors on the long-time measurement of high quasi-static pressure are comparatively studied. The test methods and conditions for obtaining standard quasi-static pressure-time curves are clarified. The influence of the mass of different aluminized explosives on the static pressure is obtained. The result shows that the foreign 113B03 type sensor is more suitable for measuring quasi-static pressure with a leakage effect in a humid environment. An appropriate sensor buffer adjustment structure and reliable grounding operation can significantly reduce the high-frequency oscillation of the signal.
Einstein Ring: A Discovery that Overturns Conventional Mechanics
Authors: Xiong Shaoyuan , Yuan Yijun
Published: December 2022

This essay mainly discusses the background, principle, and measurement of the Einstein Ring, and the Einstein Rings we have already found. We analyze the possibility of finding the dark matter in our universe through the Einstein Ring and look forward to the possible research direction in the future.
Sodium Fast Reactor Steam Generator Heat Exchanger Modal Analysis and Additional Mass Coefficient Calculation
Authors: He Shan , Zhu Lina , Wu Shuijin
Published: December 2022

The heat transfer tube of the steam generator (SG) of the sodium fast reactor (SFR) isolates the primary sodium from the secondary side water, whose integrity is very important for the safe operation of the reactor. Modal analysis is the key to engineering design. Three design criteria of GB/T151, ASME, and TEMA are adopted for calculation. Based on ANSYS finite element simulation, modal analysis of heat transfer tubes and additional mass coefficient of the liquid sodium flow field is calculated, which is verified by experiments. The results show that GB/T151 is most suitable for calculating the frequency of heat transfer tubes of the SFR steam generator. The numerical model and analysis method established in this paper can accurately carry out modal analysis and additional mass coefficient calculation of non-equal span tube-plate multi-support heat transfer tubes in different media, which lays a foundation for flow-induced vibration analysis of SFR heat exchanger equipment.
The Anomalous Magnetic Moment of Muon
Authors: Li Gaoyuan
Published: December 2022

Known as one of the most hopeful fields to find new physics beyond the standard model, the anomalous magnetic moment of muon has gained much attention for a long time and become even more important after the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory’s result came out in 2018. This paper shows the general works and achievements in this exciting field. Those include experiments operated by the Brookhaven National Laboratory and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to measure the g-2 factor, the calculation based on the standard model, and a possible extension of the standard model that can explain the experimental results. This paper is an introduction for anyone interested in this field.
Active Vibration Control of Nonlinear Elastic Wire Rope in Mine Hoisting System
Authors: Liu Ming , Luo Zhen , Sun Lin
Published: December 2022

Based on the importance of the safe operation of the mine hoist mechanism, an adaptive control method based on Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC) was applied to synchronize the large-amplitude response of geometrically nonlinear elastic wire rope in mine hoist systems. To efficiently and precisely synchronize the lateral vibration of a wire rope under the adaptive synchronizing method, the control equation of the elastic wire rope was given considering the large von Karman geometrical deformation, and it was converted to a six-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system using third-order Galerkin discretization. Based on this dynamic system, the existing FSMC is improved, so that the improved control strategy will be available for the active dynamic control of multidimensional nonlinear dynamical systems. The research shows that the control strategy can effectively synchronize the large-amplitude response of wire rope, thus providing the basis for dynamic design, fault diagnosis, and safe operation of the mine hoist system.
Research on the Effect of Lateral Jet on the Flow Field and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Projectile with Grid Fins
Authors: Wang Xinchen , Liu Yuwei , Zhang Jiayue , Liu Yaofeng
Published: December 2022

In this paper, an effectively structured grid generation scheme is adopted to generate high-quality body-fitted structured grids for jet and grid fins. Based on this, the effects of lateral jets on the flow field and the aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile with grid fins at various angles of attack are studied. The outcomes show that the influence of the jet on the aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile with grid fins is mainly composed of the interference of the jet itself and the interference of the jet developing downstream on grid fins. The variation in the angle of attack will change the bow shock height of the jet and the low-pressure interference region, which will interfere with the grid fins, thus affecting the overall aerodynamic characteristics of the projectile.
The relationship between Fibonacci number and Riemann zeta-function in the sense of Ramanujan constant
Authors: Yin Huangcheng
Published: December 2022

Riemann zeta-function has had a lot of research progress and applications in recent 50 years. The Fibonacci number is also widely used. This paper gives a derivation of the relation between the Riemann zeta function and the Fibonacci number. Generating functions are used to process the Fibonacci number, and then associate the Fibonacci number with the Bernoulli number. The connection of functions makes the appearance of Zeta possible, and finally, the relation between the Fibonacci number and the Zeta function is obtained.