bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-diabetic Effects of Two Species of Eryngium on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Vaez Haleh , Hosseini Kamran , Tarhriz Vahideh , Latifi Shabnam , Garjani Alireza , Asgharian Parina
Published: January 2023

Background: Eryngium is a genus with 274 species, which belongs to the Umbelliferae family. The nine species of this genus are endemic to Iran. The existence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, and steroid components in most Eryngium species is the reason behind their anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and especially, anti-diabetic effects among the well-known medicinal plants. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of anti-diabetic features of Eryngium thyrsoideum and caucasicum on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: The extract of the plants’ dried samples was prepared by using 70% ethanol solvent and adopting the maceration method. The mice were divided into eight groups, and the mice with a high blood glucose of more than 200 mg/dL were assigned to diabetic groups. Diabetic animals received different doses of the extract orally or through intraperitoneal (IP) injection for eighteen days. The animals were anesthetized by IP injection of ketamine and xylazine, and serum samples were isolated. Results: The results showed that hydroalcoholic extract of E. thyrsoideum significantly reduced the blood sugar level in diabetic groups receiving the extract (oral and IP) in low (100 mg/kg) and high (300 mg/kg) doses. Overall, oral glucose tolerance decreased significantly after two hours. Coincidental management of STZ and 300 mg/kg of the extract consumed orally reduced the blood sugar level remarkably. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum insulin levels significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in the diabetic groups receiving low and high doses (oral and IP) of the E. thyrsoideum extract. In the case of E. caucasicum, no significant effect in terms of reducing blood sugar and other factors was observed. Conclusions: In sum, receiving 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract (oral and IP) decreased the blood sugar level, while receiving oral glucose tolerance, serum MDA, and serum insulin caused a significant increase.
Prediction of the evolution of corona-virus using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Tokpe Kossi  , Subrata Sahana
Published: January 2023

The whole world has seen a change in habits in the past two years due to the discovery of the new corona family virus. The new corona virus is classified by The World Health Organization as Covid-19. Everywhere on the planet we are witnessing confirmed decision-making, curfew, restrictions on people, vaccinations, wearing of masks, etc. This paper aims to show how advancement of Machine Learning have provided excellent tools capable of reducing the number of infections while helping medicine in making decisions about testing infected people, reliability, accuracy of tests. We have improved the existing algorithms to produce software that can be able to do the prediction of evolution of corona virus. The implementation is done through Python language. We ensure that the results produced will be reliable and with fewer errors.
STUDY ON OBSTACLES IN THE PATHWAY OF STARTING AND OPERATING MFIs ESPECIALLY SHGs IN INDIA
Authors: Soumya Makker
Published: January 2023

In India, most of them live in the countryside and are engaged in odd jobs. Due to the lack of employment in rural areas, people are migrating to metropolitan areas. Microcredit serves those who are often overlooked in society such as women and the disabled. Microcredit cannot exist without microfinance institutions.     In India microfinance operates through two channels:1. SHG – Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP) 2. Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs). The aim of the present study is to find out the obstacles in the pathway of SHG members in starting, operating, and promoting their businesses. As such a study requires in-depth exploration of SHG member’s conditions, their experiences and the problems they face in operating their business so researcher adopt a qualitative methodology to address the research agenda. The researcher concludes that at the very initial stage SHG members get support from the government in terms of getting guidance about how SHG scheme works and how SHG scheme works but still they face problems due to strict social norms that do not allow them to work beyond the boundaries for their home. Also, psychological issues like lack of confidence, lack of communication skills possess problems in their way. At operational stage training related problems and chances of falling into debt due to frauds and high competition in the market are the biggest problems for them. But major comes at promotional stage and this stage is important because failure at this point will put members in huge losses. SHG members face trouble in selling what they have produce because as per today’s trend they are not able to market products like through online platforms.
A Merleau-Pontian Account of Embodied Coping in Virtual Reality
Authors: Root Dakota ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2023

Virtual reality (VR) offers a simulated environment where users can interact directly with their surroundings and provokes questions about embodiment and disconnection. This article will demonstrate how VR’s unique embodiment features differentiate it from the experience of non-VR online and video games and allow the transfer of movement and first-person perspective into the ‘gamespace.’ Drawing upon Merleau-Ponty’s concept of embodiment, I will argue that 1) VR is a coping experience, and 2) the VR environment becomes the world of our engagement. This understanding of the VR experience allows us to reassess this technology, showing how it uses bodily action and perception to open up new digitally-mediated possibilities for connection.
Principals’ Leadership Qualities and Teachers Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Maroua 1 Sub-division, Far North Region of Cameroon
Authors: Takang  Jaspa David
Published: January 2023

Purpose : This study endeavored to bring out the qualities of school administrators necessary for achieving laid down objectives. In this study, four variables regarding principals qualities were x –rayed and they are ; use of motivation skills, human relation skills, use of technical skills, and use of communication skills.

Methodology: The researcher employed a qualitative method in bringing out the findings through the development of a questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to one hundred  teachers who were  selected from four public secondary  schools in the Maroua 1 subdivision in the Far North Region of Cameroon. Twenty five  teachers per school were conveniently and purposefully selected and their responses were analyzed using content analyses method. Out of the 100 teachers who took part  in  the interview, ninety five  concluded the interview giving a response rate of ninety five percent.

Findings: The results showed that human relation skills motivated teachers to be more effective. The  motivation, technical and communication skills influenced  principals’  actions but  not as compared to human relation. 

Conclusion: In conclusion , human relation  skills exhibited by school leaders was the strongest factor that galvanize positive teacher endeavors  but we also had motivation , technical, and good communication skills that assist  school leaders  to be productive.

Recommendation: The study recommend principals to put extra effort in building better relationships in schools and foster a culture and climate  that deals with team work and mutual respect for one another.
Hambatan Dan Penyelesaian Penginjilan Di Tengah Masyarakat Multikultural Di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Santoso Teguh , Maharani Erlin
Published: January 2023

This research focuses on the challenges and solutians faced in the task of evangelization in a pluralistic society.as part of its main task, the church today still recognizes evangelism as its duty and responsibility. The main problem is how the church increases the effectiveness of evangelism as one of its taks, especially in a pluralistic society, and how the church provides a solution. Evangelism in a pluralistic society especially in large cities is a challenge faced. Whether the church is able toface challenges it finds in plural societies, and how the churh provides a solution. From the results of study it was found that the challenges of evangelism in plural societies include: the existence of exclusive community groups, so that outreach was difficult to do, and the difficulty of establishing cooperation with urban communities was caused by factors such as: high suspicion in a pluralistic society in balancing the demands of life, and urban society.

ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA

Penelitian ini memaparkan tentang hambatan-hambatan serta cara penyelesaian yang dihadapi dalam melaksanakan tugas penginjilan dalam masyarakat yang bersifat multicultural. Sebagai bagian dari tugas utamanya, gereja masa kini pun masih mengakui penginjilan sebagai tugas dan tanggung jawabnya. Menjadi pokok permasalahannya adalah bagaimana gereja meningkatkan keefektifan penginjilan sebagai salah satu tugasnya, khususnya di tengah masyarakat yang bersifat multikultural.

Penginjilan di tengah kehidupan masyarakat yang majemuk khususnya di kota-kota besar, merupakan tantangan yang harus dihadapi oleh gereja masa kini. Apakah gereja mampu menghadapi tantangan demi tantangan yang ditemukannya di tengah masyarakat multikultural, serta bagaimana cara gereja memberikan jalan keluar.

Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tantangan penginjilan dalam masyarakat multikultural antara lain: adanya kelompok masyarakat yang besifat eksklusif, sehingga penjangkauan sulit dilakukan, serta kesulitan untuk membangun kerja sama dengan masyarakat kota disebabkan oleh faktor-faktor antara lain: Tingginya rasa curiga dalam diri masyarakat, kesibukan masyarakat untuk mengimbangi tuntutan kehidupan, dan masyarakat kota pada umumnya berfikir apakah kerja sama itu akan memberi keuntungkan atau tidak sama sekali baginya.
Impact of Cirrhosis and Alcohol on Mortality Rates and Mitigation Efforts
Authors: Sharma Prannay R. , Tzenios Nikolaos
Published: January 2023

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of national policies and awareness programs on the incidence and mortality of chronic liver diseases, specifically cirrhosis. A multi-year retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing data collected between 1990 and 2017. Results indicate that implementing these interventions was associated with a significant decrease in overall mortality and an estimated annual percentage change in cases of cirrhosis. Furthermore, the data revealed that in 2017, alcohol consumption was a leading contributor to deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) among individuals aged 15-49 years. These findings highlight the importance of continued efforts to address the issue of chronic liver disease through targeted public health interventions.
Knowledge Management and Technology Knowledge Management Model for the Higher Technology Colleges of Ministry of Manpower, Oman
Authors: Dr. Dileep Kumar. M  , Mr. Pranav Kumar
Published: January 2023

Over the past decade there has been a growing concern about the role of higher educational institutions and how they are meeting the needs of stakeholders like industry, students, parents, and in general community. There have been many firms and organizations that have implemented KM principles, methods, practices or tools. However, academic institutions in particulartechnology and management institutes have taken more interest recently, in introducing KM approaches. In general, the educationsector could be described as one where there is slow creation and diffusion of knowledge management toos. The general question is when KM is a driving force for change elsewhere, how is the education system responding and how should it respond? (Walshe,J., 2002). Success in an increasingly competitive educational market depends critically on the quality of knowledge which institutions apply to their key academic and organizational processes. This paper presents a framework for the adoption of KM principles in colleges of Technology under Ministry of Manpower, in Sultanate of Oman, in the context that is used to improve efficiency and effectiveness of creation and sharing of knowledge among people, industry and other stake holders of higher education. The study envisages developing a conceptual framework of knowledge management especially to Higher Technology Colleges of Ministry ofManpower which further seeks to develop an effective academic and administrative management system.
Credibilidade do travel influencer no Instagram afetando a intenção do viajante na escolha de destinos
Authors: Silva Ayslane , Mendes-Filho Luiz
Published: January 2023

A pesquisa analisa como a credibilidade do Travel Influencer no Instagram afeta a intenção do viajante na escolha de destinos de viagem. O modelo de análise foi construído com base na combinação das teorias: Modelo Heurístico Sistemático (MHS) e Teoria da Ação Racional (TAR). No modelo assume-se que o conteúdo produzido pelo influenciador de viagem é estudado através de duas rotasde processamento da informação: heurística e sistemática. É proposto como dimensão heurística: a confiabilidade do influenciador; e como dimensão sistemática: a qualidade do argumento, onde juntas influenciam a credibilidade da informação. O modelo também verifica a relação direta entre credibilidade, imagem, normas subjetivas e atitude com a intenção do viajante na escolha de destinos turísticos. O estudo utiliza do método hipotético-dedutivo com abordagem quantitativa. Foram coletados 222 questionários, distribuídos online via plataforma Instagram, pois os respondentes utilizam redes sociais e influenciadores de viagem na escolha de destinos de viagem. Como técnica de análise dos dados utilizou-se a modelagem de equações estruturais. Dentre os resultados encontrados, os roteadores heurístico e sistemático atuam no processamento da credibilidade do Travel Influencer, assim como a atitude, normas subjetivas e imagem percebida do destino afetando positivamente a intenção de escolha de destinos de viagem.
Clinical Syndromes of Cerebral Venous Section Thrombosis: An Institutional Study
Authors: Mishra Ajit Prasad , Mishra Shubhankar , Mallick Ashok Kumar
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a neurovascular syndrome in contrast to more common arterial disease. Despite advances in the recognition of CVST in recent years, diagnosis and management can be difficult because of the diversity of underlying risk factors and the absence of a uniform treatment approach. Aim: To evaluate the syndromes associated with the CVST spectrum and its association with veins with detailed prognostication. Materials and Methods: The present hospital-based, observational study was conducted in the Department of Neurology, Sri Ramachandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India. A total of 52 patients of age >14 years, who presented with radiological confirmation of venous sinus thrombosis were included in the study. All their clinical and epidemiological parameters were tabulated. They were classified into four clinical syndromes namely syndrome of raised intracranial hypertension without focal deficit, syndrome of the focal neurological deficit with or without raised intracranial hypertension, syndrome of cavernous thrombosis and syndrome of early altered consciousness with involuntary movements/ diffuse encephalopathy. Clinical parameters were analysed according to syndromic presentation. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24.0. Results: A total of 52 patients with radiological confirmation of CVST were evaluated over a period of two years. The mean age of presentation was 31.8±12.3 years. The mean duration of symptoms prior to hospitalisation was 13.6±11.9 days. Sensorium was normal in most of the admitted patients. In the present study, syndrome-2 (syndrome of focal neurological deficit) was the most common syndromic reported (n=32, 61.6%). Conclusion: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis should be classified according to the syndromic association of clinical features. It will help in easy diagnosis based only on assessment of the clinical features
Prevalence of White Spot Lesions in Patients Treated with Passive Selfligation Orthodontic Appliances: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ramsundar Kavitha , Jain Ravindra Kumar , Balakrishnan Nivethigaa
Published: January 2023

Introduction: White Spot Lesions (WSLs), also known as “white opacity,” are the result of the demineralisation occurring on tooth surfaces in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. In addition to the various other factors, development of WSLs can also be influenced by the type of brackets and ligation employed. Aim: Evaluating the prevalence of WSL among patients who underwent fixed orthodontic treatment with passive self-ligation mechanotherapy. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using photographic records of patients who received orthodontic treatment using a passive self-ligation system at Saveetha Dental College in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The records of 97 patients in the age range of 10 to 30 years who received orthodontic treatment using the Damon self-ligating system regardless of gender were obtained from April 2016 to April 2021. The presence of WSL was investigated retrospectively before and after treatment. Modified Gorelick’s scale was used for scoring the lesions. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 17.0 and paired t-tests were done. Results: Data of total of 97 subjects (45 females (46.39%) and 52 males (54.63%), mean age: 17.70±5.72 years) undergoing orthodontic treatment with self-ligation brackets was included in the study. The overall prevalence percent of WSLs in the study was 71.13%. The prevalence of WSLs among females was 70.5% and in males, it was 73%. There was no statistical significance for association between gender and severity of WSLs and there was a statistical significance for association of age group and severity of WSLs in upper lateral incisors and canines (p<0.05). Conclusion: The most commonly involved teeth were upper central incisors and second premolars, and the overall WSLs incidence in subjects undergoing passive self-ligation therapy was 71.9 %. No influence of the gender was noted and severe lesions were commonly noted in maxillary lateral incisors of young individuals.
Full Mouth Rehabilitation of a Child with Aicardia-Goutières: A Rare Syndrome
Authors: Pathak Pradnya Dileep , Shah Preetam P , Lakade Laxmi S , Shinde Maya U
Published: January 2023

Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. AGS is characterised by an earlyonset encephalopathy that usually, but not always, results in severe intellectual and physical disability. Involuntary muscular spasms between the ages of four months and four years are the typical starting point for Aicardi syndrome. Hepatosplenomegaly, increased liver enzymes, thrombocytopenia, and abnormal neurologic signs in a subgroup of AGS children at birth strongly imply congenital infection. Agenesis of the corpus callosum, chorioretinal lacunae, and seizures are all symptoms of Aicardi syndrome. They frequently exhibit the subacute onset of a severe encephalopathy that is characterised by intense irritability, sporadic sterile pyrexias, loss of abilities, and slowed head growth. In 40% of cases, skin lesions like chilblains can appear on the fingers, toes, and ears. This disease can be diagnosed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans with the appearance of calcification of the basal ganglia. The associated behavioral challenges with syndromic patients demand pharmacological management of oral rehabilitation. The literature is scarce regarding the oral manifestations of this syndrome. Hence, authors present the successful fullmouth rehabilitation of severe Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in a 3-year-old child with AGS under General Anaesthesia (GA).
Correlation of Baseline Inferior Vena Cava Diameter and Collapsibility with Age and Sex in Normovolaemic Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mathews Metty , Mathew Mebin , Joji Prameela , Gupta Neetu
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Ultrasound measurement of Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) diameter and collapsibility is increasingly used for volume status assessment and fluid responsiveness in paediatric and adult population. There is a wide variation in the age specific IVC diameters in paediatric population, whereas age specific variation in IVC collapsibility in euvolaemic children is not much known. Aim: To analyse the correlation of baseline IVC diameter and collapsibility with age and sex in euvolaemic children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care hospital in south Kerala, India, over a study period from June 2014 to May 2016. A total of 80 children in the age group of one month to 15 years, who presented without evidence of volume depletion were enrolled. The IVC was assessed approximately 2 cm distal to IVC-hepatic vein junction, Motion mode (M-mode) measurement of maximum (expiratory) and minimum (inspiratory) width of IVC diameter was measured. Collapsibility Index was also calculated for each subject by measuring difference between the maximum and minimum IVC diameters divided by the maximum diameter. The statistical data was analysed using the statistical software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. All the numerical data was expressed as mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Quantitative analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test. The correlation of IVC parameters were assessed using Karl Pearson correlation coefficient. The p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Eighty euvolaemic children between the age one month and 15 years were enrolled in the study. The mean age of study group was 5±4 years. Males 41 (51.3%) and females 39 (48.8%) were almost equally distributed. A significant strong positive correlation was found between IVC expiratory and inspiratory diameter with age using Karl Pearson correlation, r= 0.912, p<0.001; r=0.876, p<0.001, respectively. No significant correlation was found between IVC collapsibility and age, Karl Pearson correlation, r=0.079, p=0.485. No correlation was found between sex and the IVC parameters. Conclusion: According to the present study results, IVC diameter showed a positive correlation with age but not with sex. The IVC collapsibility had no correlation with either age or sex.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Alvarado, Appendicitis Inflammatory Response and Adult Appendicitis Scoring System in Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Meena Reena , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Kalwaniya Dheer Singh , Tolat Aditya , Tyagi Garima , Rohith Vakulabharanam Naga , Gurivelli Pawan Kumar
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies, but its clinical diagnosis is still a big challenge for surgeons to decrease the negative appendectomy rate. Aim: To validate and compare alvarado, Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score and adult appendicitis scoring system in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India, from December 2020 to May 2022 on 100 patients who were clinically suspected of acute appendicitis. All three scores {AIR, Adult Appendicitis Score (AAS), Alvarado} were calculated. Diagnostic tests were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and Positive Predictive Value (PPV). DeLong test were used to compare the area under the curve of three scores with each other for predicting acute appendicitis and the final result was compared with the histopathological report. The data was presented as numbersvand percentage and the p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of study subjects was 30.28±10.9 years. It was found that the AIR score had more sensitivity (92.55%), followed by the AAS (84.04%) score and Alvarado (60.64%) score for diagnosing acute appendicitis but the specificity of the Alvarado score was highest (100%), followed by AAS (83.33%) and AIR (66.67%) score. AIR score had more NPV (36.40%) as compared to AAS (25%) and Alvarado score (14%). The diagnostic accuracy of AIR (91%) was higher than AAS and Alvarado’s score 84% and 63%, respectively. Conclusion: Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score and AAS can be used over Alvarado score for better diagnosis of acute appendicitis in emergency patients and to reduce the rate of negative appendectomy.
Phytochemical Screening, Anti-obesity and Hepatoprotective Activities of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Jatropha tanjorensis in Wistar Rats
Authors: Amaechi Dennis , Yisa B. N. , Ekpe I. P. , Nwawuba P. I. , Rabbi Alacks
Published: January 2023

Aim: The objective of this study is to assess Jatropha tanjorensis's phytochemical components, anti-obesity and hepatoprotective properties.

Methods: 35 albino Wistar rats were placed into five groups of seven rats each. Each group received the following treatment: Group A served as the control group, and extract doses of 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg were given to groups B and C, respectively. Doses of 200 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of J. tanjorensis extract were given to groups D and E. Using accepted methods, the phytochemical components, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective properties of J. tanjorensis were identified.

Results: J. tanjorensis was found to include biochemical building blocks like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, and saponins after undergoing a qualitative phytochemical screening. With the exception of group C, the results showed a substantial (P< 0.05) drop in cholesterol levels when compared to the control group. Group A's HDL concentration levels increased significantly (P< 0.05) when compared to the other groups.In treated group D (8.70±6.54) after extract administrations, ALP levels were significantly (p 0.05) lower than in the normal control group (15.00±8.00). Although there was a considerable decline in other groups, the ALT activity was found to be significantly lower in treatment group E (5.33±1.33). Treatment groups B (14.003.61) and E (14.003.61) saw a minor but significant decline in AST activity, but treatment groups C (24.33±3.53) and D (36.67±17.34) saw a more significant increase.

Conclusion: The study concludes that plant extracts may be used to treat metabolic disorders like obesity and cardiovascular diseases because they have the potential to lower cholesterol and have hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, phytochemicals may be used as drug precursors, templates for synthetic modification, and pharmacological probes.
A Study on Generalized Blaise Numbers
Authors: Soykan Yüksel
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we introduce and investigate the generalized Blaise sequences and we deal with, in detail, two special cases, namely, Blaise and Blaise-Lucas sequences. We present Binet’s formulas, generating functions, Simson formulas, and the summation formulas for these sequences. Furthermore, we show that there are close relations between Blaise, Blaise-Lucas and Jacobsthal-Padovan, Jacobsthal-Perrin, adjusted Jacobsthal-Padovan, modified Jacobsthal-Padovan numbers. Moreover, we give some identities and matrices related with these sequences.
Evaluation of Awareness about Electronic Waste and Concern for the Environment in Tayma Governorate, Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: El-Absy Karima M. , El-Rabiaa Arbah K. , El-Sharary Mashaal S. , El-Sharary Nawal S. , El-Balwy Rokaya S. , El-Rabiaa Waad A.
Published: January 2023

This study was carried out to evaluate the people’s awareness level about electronic waste (e-waste) disposal and management practices as well as their impact on environment, also provides recommendations for moving forward on this problem in Tayma governorate, KSA. The data for this work were collected during the distribution of 96 questionnaires on householders and governmental organizations (municipality and health sector). Likert Scale was used for the analysis of the participants. The results of householders exhibited that awareness are low or medium various degrees for e-waste disposal and management practices as well as their impact on environment and there is no formal or informal e-waste sector in Tayma governorate. The participants reported that they use all electronic home appliances, computers, laptops and Mobile phone and more than double the equipment was disposed of as e-waste during the past 10 years, which increases e-waste. The responses from the Tayma governorate's municipality and health sector revealed that a large number of people (from 68% to 88%) did not know a person or company that could collect their used electronics for reuse, resale, recycling, or dismantling; they were also unaware of any electronic waste management policies currently in place in Tayma; and there was a very low perception of public awareness of the laws in place for e-waste and for the control of exposure. Also, there are hazards to the growing amount of e-waste in Tayma and they must be support the unorganized sector’s role in waste management (while providing for safer practices). They added, no companies and the general population complied with electronic waste management policies and not found priority of government and individual levels for e-waste problem now. Finally, they said the vision 2030 for Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is gives full attention to the e-waste problem. The participants needs to more information on government rules and regulation for e-waste management. Government entities in Tayma Governorate must therefore make invest more in raising public awareness at all levels of society as well as at the legislative and institutional levels.
Generalized Olivier Numbers
Authors: Soykan Yüksel
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we introduce and investigate the generalized Olivier sequences and we deal with, in detail, two special cases, namely, Olivier and Olivier-Lucas sequences. We present Binet's formulas, generating functions, Simson formulas, and the summation formulas for these sequences. We also provide variousmatrices and identities associated with these sequences. Furthermore, we show that there are close relations between Olivier, Olivier-Lucas and adjusted Pell-Padovan, third order Lucas-Pell, third order Fibonacci-Pell, Pell-Perrin, Pell-Padovan numbers. Moreover, we give some identities and matrices related with thesesequences.
Effect of Organic Manure and in Organic Fertilizer on Growth Yeild and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Pravallika Bapatu , Deepanshu . , Fatmi Urfi , Bahadur Vijay
Published: January 2023

An experiment entitled Effect of Organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on growth, Yield and Quality of Onion (Allium cepa L.)” was conducted at Horticulture research farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment framed was intended to study the effect of different organic manures, inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of onion. The results of the present investigation indicated that, the combined application of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers has significant influence the growth, yield and quality parameters of onion as regards to the treatment T8 (70 % RDN + 30 % FYM) was found superior for most of the traits under study and it was at with treatment T7 (70 % RDN + 30 % Vermicompost), T5 (80 % RDN + 20 % FYM) and T4 (80 % RDN + 20% Vermicompost). The maximum values of growth parameters like plant height (91.44 cm) and number of leaves (10.53) at harvest were recorded in treatment (T8). The yield contributing characters like diameter of bulb (8.70 cm), number of bulbs (41.33), yield per plot (5.07 Kg), yield per hectare (33.77q) were found to be maximum in T8. The parameters like weight of fresh bulb (181.70 g), weight of dry bulb (168.07 g) was high in T6 and T8 respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that, for getting optimum growth, higher yields the crop should be supplied with the 70 per cent recommended dose of N, P, K, fertilizers (100:50:50 kg/ha), in which the 30 per cent quantity of N should applied through farmyard manure.
Effect of FYM, Phosphorus and PSB on Growth, Yield Attributes, Quality, Nutrient Content (%) and Uptake by Kharif Green Gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Singh Gaurav Kumar , Yadav D. D. , Verma V. K. , Kumar Jitendra , Verma Shikhar , Lal Chhote , Pyare Ram , Singh Vishram , Chandel Rishabh Singh , Prajapati Sunil Kumar
Published: January 2023

This experiment was carried out for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) during Kharif season at Student’s Instructional Farm (SIF) of Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India to assess the effect of Farm Yard Manure (FYM), phosphorus levels and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on growth and yield of Green gram with variety Shweta (K.M. 2241) was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) and replicated thrice. This experiment included 20 treatment combinations, the levels of FYM viz., control (F0), 1.0 t (F1), 2.0 t (F2) and 3.0 t (F3) and levels of phosphorus viz., PSB only (P1), 20 kg P2O5 (P2), 20 kg P2O5 + PSB (P3), 40 kg P2O5 (P4) and 40 kg P2O5 + PSB (P5). The result of this study showed the interaction effect of FYM, phosphorous & PSB were non-significant. In the different levels of FYM, the 3.0 tons ha-1 FYM resulted in significantly higher growth attributes viz., plant height (40.60cm) at maturity, No. of branches plant-1 (4.95) at maturity, number of nodules plant-1 (24.85) at 60 DAS and dry weight of nodules plant-1 (14.34g) at 60 DAS, yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1 (14.70), weight of pod plant-1 (7.44g), pod length (6.55cm) , and test weight (41.36g), yield viz. grain or seed yield (894kg ha-1) and quality parameters viz., protein content (23.90%), protein yield (214kg ha-1), nutrient contents i.e. nutrients uptake by grain and straw of Green gram compared to other treatments and control. Among the different levels of phosphorous & PSB, 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB resulted the highest values of growth attributes viz., plant height (38.54cm) at maturity, No. of branches plant-1 (4.52) at maturity, number of nodules plant-1 (23.19) at 60 DAS and dry weight of nodules plant-1 (13.42g) at 60 DAS, yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1 (13.99), weight of pod plant-1 (6.57g), pod length (6.35cm), and test weight (40.85g), yield viz. grain or seed yield (825 kg ha-1), and quality parameters viz., protein content (23.84%), protein yield (197kg ha-1), nutrient contents i.e. nutrients uptake by grain and straw. Thus, it is possible to maximize the growth attributes, yield attributes, yield and quality of Green gram with application 3.0 tons ha-1 FYM and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 + PSB.
Growth and Instability of International Trade of Jute in India
Authors: Baviskar P. P. , Perke D. S. , More S. S.
Published: January 2023

India is the largest producer of jute in the world. Among the important jute producing countries in the world, India had gained the first position in 2020 by producing about 1807 thousand tonnes of jute on an area of 691 thousand hectares and contributing a share of 67.21 and 49.47 per cent to the world’s total production and area of jute, respectively. In the present study efforts have been made to examine the growth performance of international trade of jute in India. The study was based on secondary data for the period of 30 years (1989-90 to 2018-19).  The collected data were sub-divided into three periods, and the exponential growth function was used to anlysed the growth rates of jute. The instability in area, production, productivity, export and import were measured by Coppock’s Instability Index (CII) and Cuddy Della Valle’s Instability Index (CDVI). The results of growth rate showed negative trend in area of jute but production and productivity showed positive growth rates over the study period.  All the parameters viz., export quantity, export value, export unit price, import quantity, import value and import unit price shown positive growth rates during overall period and found to be significant at 1 per cent level of significance. It was concluded that, India has been associated with moderate degree of variability in the jute production and productivity in the first sub period and this variability has been reduced significantly during the second and third period, while area recorded less variability during the study period. All the parameters viz., export quantity, export value, import quantity and import value have experienced high instability while the export unit price and import unit price registered stability during the study period.
Genetic Variability and Path Analysis for Yield and Associated Traits in Linseed Genotypes
Authors: Prajapati Pramod Kumar , Ratan Shiv , Singh Yogendra , Pyasi D. K. , Kumar Rakesh , Thakur Shobharam
Published: January 2023

An experiment was conducted to study the nature and magnitude of genetic variability with yield and related traits and characters association in linseed. Twelve diverse linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes were evaluated in randomized block design withthree replications duringrabiseason 2020-21 in the experiment field of AICRP on oilseeds in the college of agriculture Tikamgarh. The higher phenotypic coefficient values than corresponding genotypic coefficient values depicted influence of environment in the expression of traits. The data were recorded for days to flowering initiation, days to 50 % flowering, plant stand per hectare, plant height, primary branches per plant, capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, biological yield per plant, days to maturity,1000 seed weight, yield per plant, yield per ha., protein and oil content.High to moderate magnitude of PCV and GCV were observed for the traits viz., 1000 seed weight, yield per plant, plant height, biological yield per plant, days to flower initiation indicating the presence of significant variability in the existing collection and in path coefficient analysis revealed the positive direct effect at both genotypic and phenotypic levels for the characters for days to 50% flower, plant height, number of capsule per plant, 1000 seed weight and primary branches per plant respectively.
Thoracic motion‐compensated cone‐beam computed tomography in under 20 seconds on a fast‐rotating linac: A simulation study
Authors: Blake Samuel J. , Dillon Owen , Byrne Hilary L. , O'Brien Ricky T.
Published: January 2023

Background

Rapid kV cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans are achievable in under 20 s on select linear accelerator systems to generate volumetric images in three dimensions (3D). Daily pre‐treatment four‐dimensional CBCT (4DCBCT) is recommended in image‐guided lung radiotherapy to mitigate the detrimental effects of respiratory motion on treatment quality.

Purpose

To demonstrate the potential for thoracic 4DCBCT reconstruction using projection data that was simulated using a clinical rapid 3DCBCT acquisition protocol.

Methods

We simulated conventional (1320 projections over 4 min) and rapid (491 projections over 16.6 s) CBCT acquisitions using 4D computed tomography (CT) volumes of 14 lung cancer patients. Conventional acquisition data were reconstructed using the 4D Feldkamp‐Davis‐Kress (FDK) algorithm. Rapid acquisition data were reconstructed using 3DFDK, 4DFDK, and Motion‐Compensated FDK (MCFDK). Image quality was evaluated using Contrast‐to‐Noise Ratio (CNR), Tissue Interface Width (TIW), Root‐Mean‐Square Error (RMSE), and Structural SIMilarity (SSIM).

Results

The conventional acquisition 4DFDK reconstructions had median phase averaged CNR, TIW, RMSE, and SSIM of 2.96, 8.02 mm, 83.5, and 0.54, respectively. The rapid acquisition 3DFDK reconstructions had median CNR, TIW, RMSE, and SSIM of 2.99, 13.6 mm, 112, and 0.44 respectively. The rapid acquisition MCFDK reconstructions had median phase averaged CNR, TIW, RMSE, and SSIM of 2.98, 10.2 mm, 103, and 0.46, respectively. Rapid acquisition 4DFDK reconstruction quality was insufficient for any practical use due to sparse angular projection sampling.

Conclusions

Results suggest that 4D motion‐compensated reconstruction of rapid acquisition thoracic CBCT data are feasible with image quality approaching conventional acquisition CBCT data reconstructed using standard 4DFDK.
Nanobiology Dependent Therapeutic Convergence between Biocompatibility and Bioeffectiveness of Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot Scaffold for Immuno‐Inductive Angiogenesis and Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Yan Zhiwen , Ye Tianbao , Yang Liang , Jiang Huiquan , Chen Cheng , Chen Shanlin , Qian Yun , Fan Cunyi
Published: January 2023

The understanding of nanomaterial biology determines material selection and scaffold fabrication in regenerative medicine. The translational application of advanced functional nanomaterials, like graphene and derivatives, requires an in‐depth investigation on the sophisticated material‐cell action network. To achieve the therapeutic convergence between biocompatibility and bioeffectiveness, herein, series of graphene derivatives are screened and the superiority of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) is confirmed. Thereby, a GOQD functionalized nerve scaffold is fabricated for peripheral nerve repair with electrospinning and freeze‐drying technology. The behavioral, electrophysiological, and pathological analysis confirms that GOQDs promote nerve structural reconstruction and attenuate denervation‐induced myopathy. Macrophages perceive the implanted materials and initiate a variety of biological processes. GOQDs activate the macrophage ERK/CERB/VEGF pathway in vitro and in vivo, thereby contributing to intraneural vascularization. In addition, an enzyme‐activated degradation route of GOQDs is explored and the implanted scaffolds trigger negligible scar formation and blood toxicity. These findings demonstrate the ability of the GOQD, a biocompatible graphene derivative, to facilitate intraneural vascularization and regeneration of injured peripheral nerves through a macrophage intracellular signaling‐mediated mechanism. This enlightens the authors to continuously explore the mechanisms behind the material nanobiology‐dependent therapeutic convergence between biocompatibility and bioeffectiveness for clinical translation.
Recent Advances in Mn‐Rich Layered Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Kuan , Zhuo Haoxiang , Wang Jiantao , Poon Fanny , Sun Xueliang , Xiao Biwei
Published: January 2023

Branded with low cost and a high degree of safety, with an ambitious aim of substituting lithium‐ion batteries in many fields, sodium‐ion batteries have received fervid attention in recent years after being dormant for decades. Layered materials are a major focus of study owing to the extensive experience already gained in lithium‐ion batteries, and the pursuit of a Mn‐rich composition is critical to reduce the cost while retaining the performance. This review provides a timely update of the recent progress of Mn‐rich layered materials for sodium‐ion batteries based on the understandings of the phase forming principles, structure transformation upon cycling and charge compensation mechanisms and discusses potential ambiguities in the pursuit of high‐performance materials.
Shear Mode Ultrasonic Transducers from Flexible Piezoelectric PLLA Fibers for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Yousry Yasmin Mohamed , Wong Voon‐Kean , Ji Rong , Chen Yunjie , Chen Shuting , Zhang Xiuying , Lim David Boon Kiang , Shen Lei , Yao Kui
Published: January 2023

Shear mode guided waves are highly demanded for underwater structural health monitoring (SHM) applications due to their simplified non‐dispersive feature and minimal acoustic energy loss in the presence of liquid. Excitation and detection of pure shear wave are challenging using conventional piezoelectric materials used in the current ultrasonic transducers because they have complex piezoelectric responses mixed with multiple longitudinal, transverse, and shear modes. They also suffer from aging issue due to depoling. Here, conformable shear mode ultrasonic transducers are designed and made of flexible piezoelectric poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers on both flat and tubular structures. The electromechanical responses over a macroscopic area of the transducers are evaluated in a wide frequency range up to 500 kHz. The PLLA fiber‐based shear mode ultrasonic transducers exhibit a consistent sensitivity of detecting defects in liquid and air. In addition, the only shear mode in PLLA fibers originates from crystal structure without requiring electrical poling to render piezoelectricity, thus does not depole due to aging. The theoretical analyses including ab initio calculations and experimental results on both flat and tubular structures show the great potential of PLLA material and significant advantage of PLLA fiber‐based shear mode ultrasonic transducers for underwater SHM applications.
Advanced Optoelectronic Devices for Neuromorphic Analog Based on Low‐Dimensional Semiconductors
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Zong Yixin , Liu Duanyang , Yang Juehan , Wei Zhongming
Published: January 2023

Neuromorphic systems can parallelize the perception and computation of information, making it possible to break through the von Neumann bottleneck. Neuromorphic engineering has been developed over a long period of time based on Hebbian learning rules. The optoelectronic neuromorphic analog device combines the advantages of electricity and optics, and can simulate the biological visual system, which has a very strong development potential. Low‐dimensional materials play a very important role in the field of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices due to their flexible bandgap tuning mechanism and strong light‐matter coupling efficiency. This review introduces the basic synaptic plasticity of neuromorphic devices. According to the different number of terminals, two‐terminal neuromorphic memristors, three‐terminal neuromorphic transistors and artificial visual system are introduced from the aspects of the action mechanism and device structure. Finally, the development prospect of optoelectronic neuromorphic analog devices based on low‐dimensional materials is prospected.