bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN E-SERVICE QUALITY DI INDUSTRI MOBILE BANKING (STUDI KASUS PADA BANK BCA DAN BANK MANDIRI)
Authors: Hasnah Fitri , Suyanto AMA
Published: March 2021

Perkembangan teknologi dimanfaatkan oleh berbagai pelaku industri, salah satunya industri perbankan di Indonesia yang berinovasi dengan menciptakan layanan elektronik banking berbasis mobile atau yang biasa kita kenal dengan mobile banking, guna untuk memudahkan nasabahnya dalam bertransaksi. Banyaknya perbankan yang menciptakan mobile banking tentu menimbulkan persaingan, sehingga perusahaan harus memberikan kualitas layanan yang terbaik kepada nasabahnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan kualitas layanan mobile banking BCA dan Bank Mandiri melalui dimensi e-service quality.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan tingkat eksplanasi komparatif dan teknik analisis data dengan uji mann whitney melalui survei kepada 400 responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini pada masing-masing dimensi e-service quality (reliability, responsivenes, privacy, efficiency, fulfillment, assurance, empathy, system availability, contact, dan compatibility of mobile device) terdapat perbedaan pada dimensi reliability, responsivenes, privacy, efficiency, assurance, empathy, dan contact, akan tetapi tidak ada perbedaan pada dimensi fulfillment, system availability, dan compatibility of mobile device.
PENDETEKSIAN KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN MENGGUNAKAN FRAUD PENTAGON (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2018)
Authors: Renata Mauliate Pauline , Yudowati Siska Priyandani
Published: March 2021

Laporan keuangan perusahaan harus mencerminkan keadaan perusahaan yang sesungguhnya. Namun kinerja manajemen terkadang tidak sebaik yang diharapkan, sehingga hal tersebut menjadi faktor pendorong bagi manajemen untuk melakukan kecurangan dan menyajikan laporan keuangan secara tidak wajar.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fraud pentagon terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan pada perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2018.

Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling dan diperoleh 36 sampel. Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode regresi linier berganda.

                Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan financial stability, external pressure, ineffective monitoring, change in auditor, change in director dan frequent number of CEO picture berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Secara parsial, financial stability dan change in director berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan. Sementara external pressure, ineffective monitoring, change in auditor, dan frequent number of CEO picture tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan laporan keuangan.
ANALISIS PERANAN INDUSTRI 4.0 DALAM PROCUREMENT DAN SUPPLY CHAIN PADA TRIPLE HELIX PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Khatimah Husnul
Published: March 2021

Revolusi industri 4.0 merupakan fenomena yang dihadapi berbagai industri saat ini yang masih belum banyak disadari, sehingga peranan dan tantangan yang dimilikinya belum diketahui. Terlebih lagi industri 4.0 di Indonesia masih sangat baru sehingga definisi dan peranannya masih sangat samar. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan industri 4.0 pada procurement dan supply chain di suatu organisasi. Selain itu juga dilakukan penelitian mengenai karakteristik konseptual dari industri 4.0 yang membedakannya dengan revolusi-revolusi industri sebelumnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksploratori. Studi ini menunjukkan adanya peranan industri 4.0 pada supply chain berupa redefining supply chain process yang menjadikan proses rantai pasok menjadi lebih sederhana. Frekuensi pengadaan organisasi yang bergerak pada bidang jasa yang tidak banyak menyebabkan belum tampaknya peranan industri 4.0 pada procurement. Kelebihan dari penelitian ini adalah pengambilan sudut pandang dari tiga industri berbeda. Melalui penelitian ini juga diharapkan agar dilakukan penelitian selanjutnya untuk memperkuat temuan pada penelitian ini.
PENGARUH CELEBRITY ENDORSER, LABEL HALAL TERHADAP MINAT BELI DAN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DENGAN CITRA MEREK SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (IKLAN PRODUK KOSMETIK SARIAYU)
Authors: Ririn Damayanti
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh selebriti endorser, label halal terhadap minat beli dan loyalitas pelanggan dengan citra merek sebagai variabel intervening pada sebuah produk kosmetik Sariayu. Pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik covariance sampling dengan kriteria wanita Muslim di Indonesia khususnya Yogyakarta yang menggunakan produk kosmetik Sariayu dan juga Chelsea Olivia sebagai selebriti endorser didalam iklan tersebut.

Data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dengan 251 responden. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitaif dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan model SEM.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya faktor kepercayaan dari celebrity endorser yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap citra merek, minat beli dan loyalitas pelanggan, pengetahuan berpengaruh terhadap minat beli, label halal berpengaruh terhadap citra merek dan minat beli, sedangkan pengetahuan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap citra merek dan loyalitas pelanggan. Dalam penelitian ini juga menyatakan bahwa faktor daya tarik tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap citra merek, minat beli dan loyalitas pelanggan.
Membentuk Anak Berkepribadian Handal Melalui Pendidikan Kemasyarakatan
Authors: Hadi Abdul
Published: March 2021

Pendidikan masyakat adalah suatu gerakan pendidikan ditujukan bagi persekutuan-persekutuan hidup sehingga mempunyai pandangan, sikap, kebiasaan dan kemampuan tertentu yang berhubungan langsung dengan masyarakat. Pendidikan masyarakat diartikan sebagai layanan pendidikan yang diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat tanpa melihat perbedaan tingkat pendidikan usia, status sosial atau meningkatkan kompetensi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup dengan berusaha maksimal untuk menjadi pribadi yang dapat dindalkan dan dapat menjadi yang diharapkan. Dari beberapa program yang dilaksanakan oleh pendidikan kemasyarakatan diharapkan mampu menjadi penyeimbang pendidikan sekolah dimana melalui program pendidikan masyarakatan yang dilaksanakan dengan sungguh-sungguh dapat menjadi bekal dalam membentuk anak menjadi manusia yang siap pakai siap bersaing dalam era milineal yang dapat berguna untuk dirinya sendiri terlebih untuk orang lain.
Analisis Aspek-Aspek Perkembangan Bayi dan Urgensi Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Masalah-Masalah Bayi
Authors: Sa’diyah Kholifatus
Published: March 2021

Banyak ditemukan diantara orang tua yang belum memahami terhadap aspek-aspek perkembangan bayi. Bahkan tidak tahu sama sekali bagaimana cara-cara mengembangkannya. Banyak anggapan-anggapan, mengembangkan bayi cukup pada perkembangan fisik dan motoriknya saja. Namun sebenarnya aspek-aspek perkembangan bayi meliputi perkembangan fisik motorik, perkembangan kognitif, perkembangan sosial, perkembangan emosi dan perkembangan bahasa. Aspek-aspek perkembangan tersebut sangat urgen untuk dikembangkan, karena melihat periode pada masa bayi ini merupakan masa dasar sebagai penentu pada perkembangan selanjutnya dan masa bayi merupakan dasar periode kehidupan yang sesungguhnya karena pada saat ini banyak pola perilaku, sikap, dan pola ekspresi emosi terbentuk. Suatu hal yang disadari atau tidak beberapa masalah-masalah pasti ada pada masa bayi. Baik masalah yang timbulkan dari bayi sendiri bahkan dari lingkungan maupun dari orang tua sendiri. Maka dari itu orang tua lebih meningkatkan perannya supaya masalah-masalah pada bayi dapat teratasi sedini mungkin salah satunya dengan melalui memberikan rangsangan dan perhatian yang baik,  membentuk keadaan lingkungan yang kondusif serta ada kerjasama ayah dan ibu sehingga aspek-aspek perkembangan bayi berkembang dengan baik dan normal.
Kerangka Historis: Tasawuf Dan Modernitas
Authors: Suhartono
Published: March 2021

Dikusi tentang Tasawuf senantiasa dinamis dan seakan-akan membawa pada hal-hal yang mistik. Proses perjalanan panjang tasawuf semenjak munculnya para tokoh juga menjadi transformasi nilai yang sudah mulai berkurang ketika dikaitkan dengan perkembangan modern. Tasawuf yang memiliki sumber pada al-Quran dan Hadis juga memiliki peranan siknifikan dalam menjawab tantangan modernisasi, tentunya dengan pemahaman konseptual dan historikal tasawuf. Dalam kerangka inilah tulisan berikut disusun dengan pendekatan normatif dan sosio-historis
Draaien aan de volumeknop: het bepalen van doorberekening en volume-effecten in kartelschadezaken
Authors: Rosenboom Nicole , den Boer Anna
Published: March 2021

Draaien aan de volumeknop: het bepalen van doorberekening en volume-effecten in kartelschadezaken

Onderdeel van de economische schadeanalyse bij mededingingsinbreuken is de analyse van de doorberekening van de schade naar lager in de keten. Een ander onderdeel van de schadeberekening, dat in de praktijken tot op heden minder belicht is maar zeker een rol speelt, is het volume-effect. Dit betreft de situatie waarin de doorberekening van de kartelopslag naar de indirecte afnemers leidt tot een lagere vraag van deze indirecte afnemers. Dit artikel beschrijft de relevante factoren die de mate van doorberekening en de volumeschade bepalen.
Risk, restorative justice and the Crown
Authors: Johnson Brendyn
Published: March 2021

Risk, restorative justice and the Crown a study of the prosecutor and institutionalisation in Canada

In Canada, restorative justice programmes have long been institutionalised in the criminal justice system. In Ontario, specifically, their use in criminal prosecutions is subject to the approval of Crown attorneys (prosecutors) who are motivated in part by risk logics and risk management. Such reliance on state support has been criticised for the ways in which it might subvert the goals of restorative justice. However, neither the functioning of these programmes nor those who refer cases to them have been subject to much empirical study in Canada. Thus, this study asks whether Crown attorneys’ concerns for risk and its management impact their decision to refer cases to restorative justice programmes and with what consequences. Through in-depth interviews with prosecutors in Ontario, I demonstrate how they predicate the use of restorative justice on its ability to reduce the risk of recidivism to the detriment of victims’ needs. The findings suggest that restorative justice becomes a tool for risk management when prosecutors are responsible for case referrals. They also suggest that Crown attorneys bear some responsibility for the dangers of institutionalisation. This work thus contributes to a greater understanding of the functioning of institutionalised restorative justice in Canada.
Legal position of a notary public and specific features of his professional liability insurance
Authors: Jovanović Slobodan
Published: March 2021

The legal position of a notary public and the types of services he provides crucially affect the complexity of his liability, which arises from performing legally prescribed activities. Actions to protect and realize the public and private interest for a fee represent a risk from which the professional liability of a notary public may arise, which is equated with errors and omissions insurance. This leads to multiple types of liability: civil, disciplinary, offence and criminal. In this paper, the author explores the interest of the state, parties and notaries public in relation to the performance of notary public services to the extent relevant to this paper, the legal basis and manner of concluding professional liability insurance of notaries public, setting cover limits and some specific excluded risks and specific features of occurrence of insured event in professional liability insurance by getting an insight into comparative legal solutions of the law regulating notary public services, and finally the views of domestic and foreign legal theory.
Encryption as an obstacle for criminal investigation and evidence collection
Authors: Pisarić Milana
Published: March 2021

Encryption has become an integral part of modern life. It is without a doubt of great importance for the realization of some of the basic human rights in the ubiquitous technical environment, for the daily use of numerous online services, as well as for the functioning of the Internet in general. On the other hand, the authorities in charge of detecting and proving crime are increasingly facing obstacles when accessing encrypted content. Namely, encryption represents a kind of challenge in the implementation of both general and special evidentiary actions. This paper is dedicated to understanding the technical aspects of this challenge. The author explains the basic principles on which encryption technology is based, pointing out the difference between symmetric and asymmetric encryption, between encryption of stored data and data encryption in transit, and between server-based and user-based encryption, and its implication for investigation of crime.
In Situ Thermography During Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Nickel
Superalloy 625 Artifact with Various Overhangs and Supports
Authors: Molnar Benjamin , Heigel Jarred C. , Whitenton Eric
Published: March 2021

This document provides details on the experiment and associated measurement files available fordownload in the dataset “In Situ Thermography During Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Nickel Superalloy 625 Artifact with Various Overhangs and Supports.” The measurements were acquired during the fabrication of a small nickel superalloy 625 (IN625) artifact using a commercial laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) system. The artifact consists of two half-arch features with increasing slopes for overhangs. These overhangs range from 5° from vertical to 85° from vertical in increments of 10°. The artifact geometry and process are controlled to ensure consistent processing along the overhang geometry. This control enables the effect of overhang geometry and support structures to be isolated from effects of inter-layer scan strategy variations. The measurements include high-speed thermography of each layer, from which radiance temperature, cooling rate, and melt pool length are calculated.
“Good People with Good Intentions”: Deconstructing A Post-Secondary Institution’s Sexual Violence Policy Construction
Authors: Shankar Irene , Tavcer D. Scharie
Published: March 2021

This exploratory study investigates the bodies tasked with constructing sexual violence policies within a post-secondary institution (PSI). Our findings indicate that allocated committees prioritize institutional risk management, normalize confusion, and most members have little or no understanding of the intersectionality of violence. These findings contextualize PSI's failure to address structural violence.  Our recommendations urge PSIs to include subject experts, consult with existing service providers, and integrate research on the intersectionality of sexualized violence within their policy and program construction.
Tweet me
Authors: Guallar Javier
Published: March 2021

Hace un rato he encendido el ordenador hoy por primera vez. Después de echar un vistazo al correo electrónico, hago un recorrido habitual: empiezo por Twitter, y de ahí salto a algunos enlaces, después hojeo algunos diarios y blogs, señalo para leer después un par de análisis sobre el fin de ETA y tomo nota en Delicious de una excelente pieza del servicio de documentación de un diario, que paso inmediatamente a recomendar en Twitter. Antes de llegar al despacho, parada obligatoria en el bar a tomar un café y mirar cómo presenta un diario impreso las noticias del día (de ayer). Ya en mi lugar de trabajo, veo en mi “calendario del contribuyente” que hoy toca enviar artículo a COMeIN, y pienso en cuánto ha cambiado la manera en que consumo y consumimos noticias.
Indigenous and Non-indigenous Students in Remote Locations: A National Neglect
Authors: Knipe Sally
Published: March 2021

This research examines national data and investigates the nature of provincial education in Australia, with a particular focus on students attending schools in isolated areas. Numerous government reports and research findings have acknowledged a range of issues regarding the academic performance of students from “rural” to describe the nature of educational research undertaken in non- metropolitan Australia as inadequate, and not reflective of the way schools are classified by government agencies.
Synchronous activity patterns in the dentate gyrus during immobility
Authors: Pofahl Martin , Nikbakht Negar , Haubrich André N , Nguyen Theresa M , Masala Nicola , Distler Fabian J , Braganza Oliver , Macke Jakob H , Ewell Laura A , Golcuk Kurtulus , Beck Heinz
Published: March 2021

The hippocampal dentate gyrus is an important relay conveying sensory information from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus proper. During exploration, the dentate gyrus has been proposed to act as a pattern separator. However, the dentate gyrus also shows structured activity during immobility and sleep. The properties of these activity patterns at cellular resolution, and their role in hippocampal-dependent memory processes have remained unclear. Using dual-color in-vivo two-photon Ca2+ imaging, we show that in immobile mice dentate granule cells generate sparse, synchronized activity patterns associated with entorhinal cortex activation. These population events are structured and modified by changes in the environment; and they incorporate place- and speed cells. Importantly, they are more similar than expected by chance to population patterns evoked during self-motion. Using optogenetic inhibition, we show that granule cell activity is not only required during exploration, but also during immobility in order to form dentate gyrus-dependent spatial memories.
The kinematic analysis of the lower limb during topspin forehand loop between different level table tennis athletes
Authors: He Yuqi , Lyu Xiang , Sun Dong , Baker Julien S. , Gu Yaodong
Published: March 2021

Background

Topspin is one of the most attacking stroke in table tennis sport. The aim of this research was to investigate the kinematic characteristics of the lower limb (driving leg) during topspin forehand loop in different playing level table tennis athletes.

Methods

Ten male table tennis athletes performed topspin forehand loop shots with maximal force to hit the ball that was played by a professional table tennis coach. The three-dimensional Vicon motion analysis system was used to capture the kinematic information.

Results

The key findings from this research indicate that there were no significant differences in motion time between elite athletes (EA) and medium athletes (MA) during the entire phase (P= 0.784). EA showed significantly less knee (P< 0.001) as well as hip (P< 0.001) flexion in the BS stage when contrasted to MA, with a significant larger ankle varus (P= 0.003) as well as eversion (P< 0.001) than MA in the BS and FS phase, respectively. EA displayed a significant larger angular changing rate of ankle dorsiflexion (P< 0.001) and varus (P< 0.001) in the BS stage with ankle plantar flexion as well as eversion during the FS stage, with a significant larger ankle internal rotation (P= 0.003) and external rotation (P< 0.001) than MA in the BS and FS phase, respectively. Furthermore, EA showed significantly larger ankle dorsiflexion (P= 0.001) as well as plantarflexion (P< 0.001) ROM in the BS and FS phase respectively compared with MA.

Conclusion

Ankle activities in the all plane displayed significant differences in kinematic characteristics between EA and MA. MA should pay attention to the function that ankle played in the kinetic chain, such as training the lower limb muscle rapid reaction ability to improve the energy transfer efficiency and capability of the kinetic chain.
Effect of Bacillus subtilis on antioxidant enzyme activities in tomato grafting
Authors: Arias Padró Maria D. , Caboni Emilia , Salazar Morin Karla Azucena , Meraz Mercado Marco Antonio , Olalde-Portugal Víctor
Published: March 2021

Grafting generally means stress to a plant and this triggers antioxidant defense systems. An imbalance in reactive oxygen species may negatively affect the grafting success. Several research projects have studied the association with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and it has been documented that they enhance nutrient acquisition, regulate hormone levels, and influence the antioxidant response in crops. However, little is known about the strategy of inoculating grafted herbaceous plants with PGPR and its effect on the antioxidant response. The effects of inoculating a strain of Bacillus subtilis on the antioxidant metabolism of grafted tomato were evaluated. In this study, two different rootstocks were used for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Rio Grande (RG)): [S. lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Ch)] and eggplant [(Solanum melanogena L. (Ber)] to establish a compatible graft (RGCh) and a semicompatible graft (RGBer). Enzyme activities involved in the antioxidant defense system: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and total phenols were measured during 4 weeks after grafting. The results show that for RGCh, during the first two weeks after grafting, the tendency was a decrease of the enzyme activity for SOD, CAT, PAL when inoculated with B. subtilis; while in the semicompatible graft RGBer, PPO and PAL decreased their activity after inoculation. For both combinations, the quantity of total phenols varied depending on the day. In both graft combinations, applications of B. subtilis resulted in 86 and 80% callusing compared with the uninoculated control where the percentages were 74 and 70% for RGCh and RGBer, respectively. The highest significant graft success (95%) was recorded 28 days after grafting for inoculated RGBer. These findings imply that B. subtilis induced antioxidant mechanisms in grafted plants and suggest that inoculation with this growth-promoting bacterium can represent a biotechnological approach to improve success in tomato grafting.
Physico-chemical and Sensory Properties of Bread Prepared from Wheat and Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Flour, Starch and Non-Starch Residue Flour) Blends
Authors: Kure O. A. , Ariahu C. C. , Igbabul B. D.
Published: March 2021

Bread was produced from wheat (Trititum spp) orange flesh sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) flour, starch and non-starch residue blends. The orange-fleshed sweet potatoes were washed, peeled, sliced, dried and milled to flour. The starch and non-starch residue were also produced from the orange-fleshed sweet potatoes. Different proportions of wheat and flour, wheat and starch and wheat and non-starch residue of orange-fleshed sweet potato with increasing level of orange-fleshed sweet potato at 10, 20, 30 and 40% addition in wheat were prepared. Control samples were 100% wheat flour (A0), 100% orange-fleshed sweet potato flour (A1), 100% orange-fleshed sweet potato starch (B1) and 100% orange-fleshed sweet potato non-starch residue (C1). Breads from these different proportions were formulated. The proximate, mineral, vitamin, physical properties and sensory attributes of the bread samples and their composites were determined. The GENSTAT Statistical Software (version 17.0) was used for data analyses. The Proximate compositions of the bread ranges as follows; moisture 26.30-36.21%, protein 0.85-7.89%, fat 6.33-8.93%, fiber 0.82-4.92%, ash 0.56-2.11% and carbohydrates 41.26-64.84%. The physical properties of the breads ranged from 210.60-254.00 g, 0.05-2.40 mm, 317.60-440.60 cm3 and 1.25-2.10 for loaf weight, oven spring, loaf volume and specific volume respectively. Mineral and vitamin composition for breads samples ranged respectively thus for calcium 18.45-33.21 zinc 0.92-6.27, magnesium 0.28-19.33, phosphorus 31.00-319.60 and potassium 56.30-352.60, vitamin B1, 0.10-0.37, vitamin B2, 0.07-1.23, vitamin B6, 0.09-1.25, vitamin B12 0.04-1.13 mg/100 g, vitamin C 0.12-14.17 mg/100 g and vitamin A 0.00-8193 µg/100 g.The sensory evaluation results indicated that up to 20% substitution of wheat flour with orange-fleshed sweet potato flour, starch and non-starch residue flours was acceptable in bread formulation.
Haematological Study on the Effects of Goko Cleanser (Herbal Mixture) on Adult Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Onyejike Darlington Nnamdi , Chidera McWilliams, Winifred , Ifeyinwa Mmaju, Chidinma , Nnamdi Okeke, Somadina , Justicia Obiesie, Ifechukwu , Elizabeth Eze, Chinyere
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Goko cleanser is one of the popular herbal mixtures used by the Nigerian populace. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of this herbal mixture on some haematological parameters of adult female Wistar rats.

Methodology: A total of twenty five Wistar rats weighing about 160 – 280g were divided into five groups according to their corresponding weights. The groups were designated as groups 1 – 5. Group 1 served as the control group, while groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 1000mg/Kg, 1500mg/Kg, 2000mg/Kg and 4000mg/Kg respectively.

Results: The TWBC, PCV, PLATELET count, and RBC and Hb showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase for the test groups 2 – 5 when compared to the control group. The body weight had a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in groups 2, 4, and 5; while group 3 had a statistically insignificant (p>0.05) decrease.

Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed that Goko Cleanser contains some haemopoietic benefits, but inhibit appetite centres. Hence, this study recommends that further study be carried out on the effects of this herbal mixture on the brain so as to reveal the extent of its effect on the appetite centres.
The Role of Green Biotechnology through Genetic Engineering for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, and for Food Security: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Seid Aynias , Andualem Berhanu
Published: March 2021

Climatic change has a great challenge to almost all human activities over the years. Continuous increase in climate change could have a negative effect on global food security. In order to feed the current ever-increasing world population, there is a need to double the rate of agricultural productivity. Biotechnology through genetic modification can contribute their incredible roles positively towards reducing vulnerability of natural and human systems to climate change effects including greenhouse gas reduction, and increase agricultural production on less land in helping to meet future food by the adoption of GM-crop traits such as herbicide-tolerant crops, drought-tolerant crops, insect-resistant crops, and high-yielding transgenic crops which counters the negative effects of climate change. It is important that bio-safety regulatory systems to be established and good policies formulated on agricultural development with the use of sustainable agricultural biotechnology with public-private partnership to effectively utilize modern biotechnology to enhance food security and mitigate climatic changes. Currently, modern biotechnology has encountered enormous public debates related to risks and benefits of genetically modified organisms in terms of human health, environment, socio-economic, and ethical and cultural concern issues. However, safe application of modern agricultural biotechnologies is significantly contributing to the current and future climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts, and greatly improve agricultural productivity and food security to ensure food availability or access to food for all and efficient utilization of food resources globally. This will ensure that the GM-crops have no adverse effect on living organisms and the environmentally safe. Therefore, the aim of this review paper was to assessed the current challenges and future perspectives of biotechnology through genetic modification for climate change adaptation and mitigation, and food security.
The Prescribing Pattern of Medications in Ear, Nose and Throat Outpatient Department of a Public Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J.
Published: March 2021

Aim: This study aimed to describe the prescribing pattern of medications in ear, nose and throat outpatient department of a public hospital in Alkharj.

Methodology: The present retrospective study included collecting data from outpatient pharmacy prescriptions from a public hospital in Alkharj. The data was processed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and the descriptive data was represented as frequencies and percentages.

Results: Most of the prescriptions were written by residents (79.12%). Most of the medications were prescribed as Tablet/Capsule (39.06), Nasal Drop (20.03) and Nasal Spray (16.00%). The most prescribed medication was budesonide (16.16%) followed by xylometasoline (11.62%), paracetamol (11.45%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic Acid (9.60%)

Conclusion: The study revealed that the most common classes of drug prescribed for E.N.T patients were steroids such as budesonide, antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and decongestants such as xylometasoline. It is important to increase the awareness of healthcare providers and patients about these drugs. It is also important to monitor medications prescribing to make sure that they are prescribed and used appropriately.
Highly Stable and Active Solid‐Solution‐Alloy Three‐Way Catalyst by Utilizing Configurational‐Entropy Effect
Authors: Kusada Kohei , Wu Dongshuang , Nanba Yusuke , Koyama Michihisa , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Tran Xuan Quy , Toriyama Takaaki , Matsumura Syo , Ito Ayano , Sato Katsutoshi , Nagaoka Katsutoshi , Seo Okkyun , Song Chulho , Chen Yanna , Palina Natalia , Kumara Loku Singgappulige Rosantha , Hiroi Satoshi , Sakata Osami , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

Since 1970, people have been making every endeavor to reduce toxic emissions from automobiles. After the development of a three‐way catalyst (TWC) that concurrently converts three harmful gases, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), Rh became an essential element in automobile technology because only Rh works efficiently for catalytic NOx reduction. However, due to the sharp price spike in 2007, numerous efforts have been made to replace Rh in TWCs. Nevertheless, Rh remains irreplaceable, and now, the price of Rh is increasing significantly again. Here, it is demonstrated that PdRuM ternary solid‐solution alloy nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit highly durable and active TWC performance, which will result in a significant reduction in catalyst cost compared to Rh. This work provides insights into the design of highly durable and efficient functional alloy NPs, guiding how to best take advantage of the configurational entropy in addition to the mixing enthalpy.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence beyond Through‐Bond Charge Transfer for High‐Performance OLEDs
Authors: Xue Qin , Xie Guohua
Published: March 2021

Charge transfer plays an important role in ruling the exciton dynamics of organic emitters. Most likely, intermolecular/intramolecular charge transfers occur when a donor meets a matched acceptor, which shapes the radiative decays of excitons. The generation and utilization of excitons are vital for organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, which harvest the triplets via reverse intersystem crossing and thus have attracted intensive attention in the last decade, are very promising to address the issue of cost‐effectiveness in the commercialized OLEDs. Conventionally, intramolecular charge transfer via through‐bond interaction is ubiquitous in the state‐of‐the‐art TADF materials. Alternatively, through‐space charge transfer via either intermolecular or intramolecular interaction is found to be unique and effective in modulating the luminescent properties, such as the emissive colors, exciton lifetimes, and quantum yields. The emerging approaches to evoke the TADF mechanisms beyond through‐bond charge transfer in a single molecule and the related applications of the emitters in OLEDs are highlighted here. The timely and fashionable molecular design and device engineering regarding through‐space charge transfer to the emitting layers in OLEDs are compared and discussed. Finally, a conclusion and the perspectives of the electroluminescence of novel through‐space systems are proposed.
Alternating Donor–Acceptor π‐Conjugated Macrocycle Exhibiting Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Spontaneous Horizontal Molecular Orientation
Authors: Shikita So , Watanabe Go , Kanouchi Dai , Saito Junya , Yasuda Takuma
Published: March 2021

A versatile design of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) π‐conjugated macrocycles incorporating electron‐donor (D) and acceptor (A) units into a cyclo‐meta‐phenylene motif with an alternating pattern is presented. The new π‐conjugated macrocycle, which combines three 5‐(N‐carbazolyl)‐phenylen‐1,3‐diyl as D units and three 6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2,4‐diyl as A units, possesses a small singlet–triplet energy gap and hence can emit efficient green TADF both in solution and doped thin films. Comparative experimental and computational investigations of the electronic and photophysical properties of the macrocycle with its analogous noncyclic compound reveal key advantages of the cyclic molecular configuration for actual emitters. Organic light‐emitting diodes incorporating the TADF π‐conjugated macrocycle as an emitter demonstrate high external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 15.7%, outperforming the devices based on the noncyclic emitter. Herein, the importance of geometric design for producing novel organic emitters with fascinating optoelectronic and morphological characteristics is highlighted.
Development of a Radical Silylzincation of (Het)Aryl‐Substituted Alkynes and Computational Insights into the Origin of the trans‐Stereoselectivity
Authors: Romain Elise , de la Vega‐Hernández Karen , Guégan Frédéric , Sanz García Juan , Fopp Carolin , Chemla Fabrice , Ferreira Franck , Gerard Hélène , Jackowski Olivier , Halbert Stéphanie , Oestreich Martin , Perez‐Luna Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Aryl‐ and hetaryl‐substituted acetylenes undergo regio‐ and stereoselective silylzincation by reaction with [(Me3Si)3Si]2Zn in the presence of Et2Zn (10–110 mol%) as additive. The distinctive feature of this addition across the C−C triple bond is its trans stereoselectivity. The radical nature of the silylzincation process is supported by diagnostic experiments and DFT calculations, which also corroborate the role played by steric effects to obtain that stereoselectivity. The procedure can be combined in one‐pot with the copper(I)‐mediated electrophilic substitution of the C(sp2)−Zn bond, with retention of the double bond geometry. This makes it valuable for the synthesis of stereodefined di‐ and trisubstituted vinylsilanes.

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Robust Photocatalytic Method Using Ethylene‐Bridged Flavinium Salts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Unactivated Benzylic Substrates
Authors: Pokluda Adam , Anwar Zubair , Boguschová Veronika , Anusiewicz Iwona , Skurski Piotr , Sikorski Marek , Cibulka Radek
Published: March 2021

7,8‐Dimethoxy‐3‐methyl‐1,10‐ethylenealloxazinium chloride (1a) was found to be a superior photooxidation catalyst among substituted ethylene‐bridged flavinium salts (R=7,8‐diMeO, 7,8‐OCH2O‐, 7,8‐diMe, H, 7,8‐diCl, 7‐CF3 and 8‐CF3). Selection was carried out based on structure vs catalytic activity and properties relationship investigations. Flavinium salt 1a proved to be robust enough for practical applications in benzylic oxidations/oxygenations, which was demonstrated using a series of substrates with high oxidation potential, i. e., 1‐phenylethanol, ethylbenzene, diphenylmethane and diphenylmethanol derivatives substituted with electron‐withdrawing groups (Cl or CF3). The unique capabilities of 1a can be attributed to its high photostability and participation via a relatively long‐lived singlet excited state, which was confirmed using spectroscopic studies, electrochemical measurements and TD‐DFT calculations. This allows the maximum use of the oxidation power of 1a, which is given by its singlet excited state reduction potential of +2.4 V. 7,8‐Dichloro‐3‐methyl‐1,10‐ethylenealloxazinium chloride (1 h) can be used as an alternative photocatalyst for even more difficult substrates.

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Hf‐ and Ti‐Based Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Dielectrics Synthesized via Chemical Vapor Phase for Advanced Gate Stack in Flexible Electronic Devices
Authors: Kim Min Ju , Lee Changhyeon , Jeong Jaejoong , Kim Seongho , Lee Tae In , Shin Eui Joong , Hwang Wan Sik , Im Sung Gap , Cho Byung Jin
Published: March 2021

To achieve the low power operation required by various high performance flexible electronics, such as switching and memory devices, advanced gate dielectrics should be ultra‐thin, flexible, with low gate leakage current. Organic–inorganic hybrid dielectrics are proposed to realize this combination of attributes, where the organic matrix contributes outstanding mechanical flexibility and the inorganic component provides the required electrical characteristics. Among candidate inorganic components, HfOx and TiOx are particularly attractive because of their high dielectric constant (high‐k) and wide/narrow energy bandgap. Flexible Hf and Ti hybrid high‐k dielectrics are synthesized in this work via an initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) process, where 2‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate (HEMA) and tert‐butyl peroxide (TBPO) are used as monomers and initiators, respectively. The synthesized Hf hybrid dielectrics exhibit a high‐k value of 9.6, leakage currents below 1.0 × 10–6 A cm–2 at 2 MV cm–1, bandgaps of 5.9 eV, and electrical breakdown fields over 3 MV cm–1. The synthesized Ti hybrid dielectrics exhibit the highest k‐value of 13.0 and decent currents below 1.0 × 10–4 A cm–2 at 2 MV cm–1 due to its narrow bandgap of 3.8 eV, making it suitable for use as a charge trapping layer for flexible memory devices, rather than as a gate dielectric. n‐type and p‐type organic thin film transistors (OTFT) prepared with the Hf hybrid dielectrics exhibit typical transfer and output characteristics, even under tensile stresses as high as 2.0% strain. Under the mechanical stress condition of 2.0% tensile strain, no noticeable degradation is observed in the Hf hybrids in terms of saturation mobility (μsat), subthreshold swing (S.S.), interface trap density (Dit), threshold voltage (VT), or hysteresis. These results show that the Hf and Ti hybrid dielectrics can enhance the performance of flexible electronics.
Recent Progress of the Design and Engineering of Bismuth Oxyhalides for Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Li Peishen , Gao Shuai , Liu Qiming , Ding Peiren , Wu Yunyun , Wang Changzheng , Yu Shaobin , Liu Wen , Wang Qiang , Chen Shaowei
Published: March 2021

Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation represents an effective technology for the artificial production of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen, a critical step toward a sustainable economy. Bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX, X = Cl, Br, and I) have emerged as viable catalysts for photocatalytic reduction of nitrogen into ammonia, due to their unique electronic structures and optical properties. Herein, the recent progress of BiOX‐based photocatalysts for nitrogen fixation, with a focus on the reaction mechanism and pathways, materials preparation, and strategies of structural engineering for enhanced performance, is summarized. The article is concluded with a perspective where the promises and challenges of bismuth‐based photocatalysts for nitrogen reduction to ammonia are highlighted, along with possible future research directions.
Curated collection for clinician educators: Six key papers on residency recruitment
Authors: Schnapp Benjamin H. , Alvarez Al’ai , Bianchi Riccardo , Caretta‐Weyer Holly , Jewell Corlin , Kalantari Annahieta , Lee Eric , Miller Danielle , Quinn Antonia
Published: March 2021

Introduction

All emergency medicine (EM) residency programs must recruit new medical school graduates each year. The process is often overwhelming, with each program receiving far more applicants than available positions. We searched for evidence‐based best practices to guide residency programs in screening, interviewing, and ranking applicants to ensure a high‐performing and diverse residency class.

Methods

A literature search was conducted on the topic of residency recruitment, utilizing a call on social media as well as multiple databases. After identifying relevant articles, we performed a modified Delphi process in three rounds, utilizing junior educators as well as more senior faculty.

Results

We identified 51 relevant articles on the topic of residency recruitment. The Delphi process yielded six articles that were deemed most highly relevant over the three rounds. Transparency with selection criteria, holistic application review, standardized letters of evaluation, and blinding applicant files for interviewers were among noted best practices.

Conclusions

Well‐supported evidence‐based practices exist for residency recruitment, and programs may benefit from understanding which common recruitment practices offer the most value. The articles discussed here provide a foundation for faculty looking to improve their program's recruiting practices.
Extrapyramidal signs and Alzheimer's disease prognosis in a multiethnic, community‐based sample of demented elders
Authors: Kociolek Anton J. , Fernandez Kayri K. , Jin Zhezhen , Cosentino Stephanie , Zhu Carolyn W. , Gu Yian , Stern Yaakov
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Extrapyramidal signs (EPS) are a common feature of Alzheimer's disease associated with worse outcomes in observational studies of dementia. Less research has been conducted on ethnic minority and non‐clinic‐based populations.

Methods

One hundred and forty‐two multiethnic community‐dwelling participants with dementia were selected. Adjusted Cox models were fitted for mortality, cognitive (Mini Mental State Examination ≤10), functional (Blessed Dementia Rating Scale ≥10), and dependency (needs full‐time care) endpoints with baseline EPS as predictor.

Results

Thirty‐seven participants (26.06%) had EPS at baseline. EPS predicted more rapid time to death (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.49, 5.42), and functional endpoint (HR = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.75, 8.62) but not cognitive and dependency endpoints. No evidence of interaction by ethnicity, age, sex, education, or apolipoprotein E ε4 polymorphism was found.

Discussion

Our results partially confirm previous studies on predominantly White, clinic‐based samples. Further research is needed to better understand the etiological role of EPS in AD.
A metamodeling approach for the simulation of energy and media demand for the brewing industry
Authors: Bär Raik M. , Voigt Tobias
Published: March 2021

Due to economic, social and technical trends, as well as rising energy costs, the food and beverage industry is challenged to work energy‐efficiently. Small and medium‐sized enterprises in particular lack of both time and knowledge to identify and implement suitable energy efficiency measures. With the help of simulation, decision‐makers can pursue numerous approaches and make well‐founded decisions. A metamodel based on four modeling pillars (physical‐, process‐, article/recipe‐, and production plan model) for an entire production system concerning the forecast of energy and media consumption is presented. The metamodel is implemented in a user‐friendly modeling tool, which enables a simple hybrid modeling without prequalification of the user. Subsequently, a standardized data exchange file, as basis for a simulation model, is generated. For validation, various use cases were modeled and the tool was validated using a systematic test. In addition, two simulation studies were performed to show that the presented approach provides the opportunity to create a holistic model in terms of forecasting energy and media consumption.
Free‐Radical Membrane Protein Footprinting by Photolysis of Perfluoroisopropyl Iodide Partitioned to Detergent Micelle by Sonication
Authors: Cheng Ming , Guo Chunyang , Li Weikai , Gross Michael L.
Published: March 2021

A free‐radical footprinting approach is described for integral membrane protein (IMP) that extends, significantly, the “fast photochemical oxidation of proteins” (FPOP) platform. This new approach exploits highly hydrophobic perfluoroisopropyl iodide (PFIPI) together with tip sonication to ensure efficient transport into the micelle interior, allowing laser dissociation and footprinting of the transmembrane domains. In contrast to water soluble footprinters, PFIPI footprints both the hydrophobic intramembrane and the hydrophilic extramembrane domains of the IMP vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). The footprinting is fast, giving high coverage for Tyr (100 %) and Trp. The incorporation of the reagent with sonication does not significantly affect VKOR's enzymatic function, and tyrosine iodination does not compromise protease digestion and the subsequent analysis. The locations for the modifications are largely consistent with the corresponding solvent accessibilities, recommending this approach for future membrane protein footprinting.
Dense‐Stacking Porous Conjugated Polymer as Reactive‐Type Host for High‐Performance Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Yang Yangyuchen , Lai Chen , Li Runlai , Xu Haomin , Tan Darren H. S. , Zhang Kun , Yu Wei , Fjeldberg Oeystein , Lin Ming , Tang Wei , Meng Ying Shirley , Loh Kian Ping
Published: March 2021

Commercialization of the lithium‐sulfur battery is hampered by bottlenecks like low sulfur loading, high cathode porosity, uncontrollable Li2Sx deposition and sluggish kinetics of Li2S activation. Herein, we developed a densely stacked redox‐active hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATN) polymer with a surface area of 302 m2 g−1 and a very high bulk density of ca. 1.60 g cm−3. Uniquely, HATN polymer has a similar redox potential window to S, which facilitates the binding of Li2Sx and its transformation chemistry within the bulky polymer host, leading to fast Li2S/S kinetics. The compact polymer/S electrode presents a high sulfur loading of ca. 15 mgs cm−2 (200‐μm thickness) with a low cathode porosity of 41 %. It delivers a high areal capacity of ca. 14 mAh cm−2 and good cycling stability (200 cycles) at electrolyte–sulfur (E/S) ratio of 5 μL mgs−1. The assembled pouch cell delivers a cell‐level high energy density of 303 Wh kg−1 and 392 Wh L−1.
Dual Active Sites on Molybdenum/ZSM‐5 Catalyst for Methane Dehydroaromatization: Insights from Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Wei , Qi Guodong , Wang Qiang , Wang Weiyu , Li Shenhui , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Xu Jun , Deng Feng
Published: March 2021

Methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) on Mo/ZSM‐5 zeolite catalyst is promising for direct transformation of natural gas. Understanding the nature of active sites on Mo/ZSM‐5 is a challenge for applications. Herein, using1H{95Mo} double‐resonance solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, we identify proximate dual active sites on Mo/ZSM‐5 catalyst by direct observation of internuclear spatial interaction between Brønsted acid site and Mo species in zeolite channels. The acidic proton–Mo spatial interaction is correlated with methane conversion and aromatics formation in the MDA process, an important factor in determining the catalyst activity and lifetime. The evolution of olefins and aromatics in Mo/ZSM‐5 channels is monitored by detecting their host–guest interactions with both active Mo sites and Brønsted acid sites via1H{95Mo} double‐resonance and two‐dimensional1H–1H correlation NMR spectroscopy, revealing the intermediate role of olefins in hydrocarbon pool process during the MDA reaction.