bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation and hydration process of synthetic Sr-bearing ye'elimite
Authors: Zhao Jiuye , Chang Jun
Published: November 2017

Ye'elimite (C4A3$) is the dominant phase in calcium sulfoaluminate cement. Through substitutions of Sr2+ ions for Ca2+ ions in C4A3$, Sr-bearing ye'elimite can be synthesised. In this paper, a kind of Sr-bearing ye'elimite was synthesised with the formula 3CaO·SrO·3Al2O3·SO3 (abbreviated as C3ŠA3$); the characterisation and hydration process of C3ŠA3$ are reported here. Comparing to C4A3$, mineralogical analysis of C3ŠA3$ was conducted, and Rietveld quantitative phase analysis was employed to quantify the hydration products of C3ŠA3$ and correlate to calorimetric data. Results show that C3ŠA3$ accounts for over 93% in the clinker, and the ACn contents are insignificant in terms of amounts. Without gypsum, the hydration process of C3ŠA3$ is more retarded and prolonged than C4A3$ at an early stage. In the hydration products of C3ŠA3$ at 28 d, AFt accounts for 28·2% and AFm occupies 13·4%; CAH10 is quantified to be 5·5%. Compared to C4A3$, C3ŠA3$ tends to yield more AFt. As regards C3ŠA3$ hydrating with a certain amount of gypsum, the hydration rate of C3ŠA3$ is accelerated to approach C4A3$ blended with gypsum. In the paste of C3ŠA3$ blended with gypsum at 28 d, AFt occupies the majority of crystalline phases to take up 42·1%; minor phases AFm and strontium sulfate account for 3·1% and 7·4%, respectively.
Observations from a parametric study of the seismic design of soil nailing
Authors: Villalobos Felipe A. , Villalobos Sergio A. , Oróstegui Paulo L.
Published: November 2017

A parametric study of the seismic design of soil-nailed walls is performed. Values of a set of geometrical and mechanical parameters for the nail and soil of a slope have been varied to assess their effects on the global factor of safety FSG. Equations of limit equilibrium of forces based on the Coulomb criterion for a two-block-failure mechanism are adopted. Pseudo-static force analyses with a horizontal seismic coefficient of 0·15 are carried out, which is normally used in engineering practice for temporary soil-nailing projects. It was found that FSG clearly increases with soil cohesion and friction as well as nail length, diameter and inclination, although nail inclinations higher than 15° can become detrimental. It was found that there is a combination of nail spacing and wall inclination for which the trend of FSG changes from decreasing to increasing. This situation is caused by a software mathematical optimisation routine, which does not take into account whether it is possible for the failure surface shape to occur or not. Additionally, perforation diameters larger than 100 mm are necessary for FSG ≥ 1·1 and soil–nail shear stress rs values of more than 200 kPa are not significantly beneficial.
Call to action: towards a practice of inclusive road safety
Authors: Leyendecker Katja
Published: November 2017

Road safety in the United Kingdom is of a checkered history. Originating from an age of free motoring and wide-open roads of adventure, its practices and processes have often been preventative to walking and cycling. UK road safety resorts to uttering warning words rather than a combination approach of engineering, education and enforcement, and so regularly blames and restricts the active travel modes. This is to active travel's exclusion and reduction in participation when walking and cycling should be promoted and prioritised in environmentally, socially and economically ailing UK cities. A new approach to road safety will be discussed in this paper, using principles of engineering risk assessment and sustainability. Countries such as the Netherlands have road-safety systems that are more holistic, take into account road design as well as promotion campaigns. By example of three case studies this paper seeks to describe the current practices of UK road safety, then continues to outline how a system of ‘Sustainable Safety’ can be applied in the United Kingdom. A revised road-safety approach would include engineers and planners becoming more interactive on the political plane and employing wider assessment boundaries to road-safety analyses.
Direito e democracia - o significado das leis e do legislativo na teoria da democracia
Authors: Souza Cristiane Fernandes de , Souza Paulo de Tarso Fernandes de
Published: November 2017

O nosso objetivo com esse artigo é a realização de uma análise inicial do significado da lei e do legislativo na teoria da democracia. O ponto de partida do trabalho consiste na ideia de que a democracia está fundada na liberdade e na igualdade. Desse modo, a natureza social do ser humano indica que a liberdade como autodeterminação precisa ser entendida sob uma perspectiva coletiva, tendo em vista que a igualdade estende a autonomia moral para a larga maioria das pessoas que integram uma sociedade. Como consequência, a liberdade abrange a participação, em igualdade de condições, nos processos coletivos de tomada de decisão destinados a estabelecer as normas que devem reger a conduta dos membros da comunidade. Nesse contexto, a lei corresponde a um instrumento de defesa contra o arbítrio, uma vez que limita a discricionariedade quando define as opções morais vigentes de forma relativamente clara. O parlamento é o poder constituído detentor de maior legitimidade democrática, tendo em vista que é estruturado para representar a pluralidade política da sociedade, é composto por representantes eleitos diretamente pelo povo e sujeitos à responsabilidade política e promove a autodeterminação coletiva com a elaboração das leis. Embora seja possível reconhecer um déficit de legitimidade democrática do parlamento e dos partidos políticos, a crise do sistema representativo deve ser solucionada através do aperfeiçoamento dos mecanismos de representação, da promoção de uma cultura democrática e do exercício direto do poder político pelo povo.
Democracia e totalitarismo: anotações sobre democracia, separação dos poderes e federalismo
Authors: Alves Fernando De Brito , Santos Yago Aparecido Oliveira
Published: November 2017

O presente trabalho trata de breve investigação quanto aos problemas da efetivação da democracia nas sociedades modernas. Será realizado um estudo por uma perspectiva jurídica e política, através de uma cisão conceitual, aplicando-se, também à ideia de democracia, ao se analisar os problemas para a sua plena aplicação. Ao final, se buscará investigar quais instrumentos possibilitam a plenitude da democracia, através de uma conciliação entre a democracia jurídica e a democracia política, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica quanto aos modelos de limitação do Estado.
Crise humanitária internacional e os direitos das crianças migrantes ou refugiadas: uma análise da Opinião Consultiva nº 21 da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Lima Fernanda Da Silva
Published: November 2017

Este artigo analisa como são assegurados os direitos humanos de crianças migrantes ou que estejam na condição de refugiadas, buscando uma aproximação do sistema internacional de proteção dos Direitos Humanos com o Direito Internacional dos Refugiados. O trabalho está dividido em três partes: a primeira é compreender os direitos da criança previstos no plano internacional e, de forma mais específica, os direitos enunciados na Convenção Internacional dos Direitos da Criança de 1989 da ONU. A segunda estudar os fluxos migratórios mistos no contexto internacional, principalmente no que se refere ao Direito Internacional dos Refugiados e, por fim, analisar os avanços colocados perante os Estados membros da OEA diante da Opinião Consultiva nº 21/2014, emitida pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa e descritivo e pesquisa bibliográfica.
PCR partial Control Region Chaetophractus 456 bp v2
Authors: Poljak Sebastian
Published: November 2017

We report a phylogeographic study of Chaetophractus villosus populations in Argentina. Control Region (CR) sequences (484 bp) were obtained for 76 C. villosus from 20 locations across the species whole distribution range. Seventeen new haplotypes were identified. The highest genetic variation and the earliest fossils were found in the Pampean Region, thus appearing as the most probable area of origin of the species. A general pattern of Contiguous Range Expansion (CRE) was revealed by Nested Clade Analysis (NCA) supported by mismatch analysis and Fu’s test. The Pampean Region would have been the preexpansion area, while Patagonia would have been the main dispersal route of contiguous expansion, possibly after the Pleistocenic glaciations.
DNA extraction of Nephila clavipes using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification kit (Promega) v2
Authors: Filipe Bartoleti Luiz , Filipe Bartoleti Luiz
Published: November 2017

Protocol used to extract whole genome DNA from Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Araneidae) specimens.
EXTRAÇÃO DE β-CAROTENO DA MACAÚBA
Authors: Lima Jéssica Mayara de , Thomazini Marcelo , Trindade Carmen Sílvia Fávaro , Santos Milla Gabriela dos
Published: November 2017

O β-caroteno é um carotenoide que faz parte do grupo das vitaminas lipossolúveis. É essencial para o ser humano e é encontrado nos alimentos de origem vegetal como pró-vitaminas A. É um carotenoide que apresenta ação antioxidante devido às suas ligações duplas conjugadas, que são suscetíveis à oxidação sob ação de luz ou oxigênio. A macaúba é uma fruta rica em compostos bioativos que contém cerca de 45% de polpa. O presente trabalho objetivou a extração do β-caroteno da polpa de macaúba com diferentes solventes como: n-hexano, éter de petróleo e acetona. O processo de extração dos carotenoides totais baseou-se no procedimento descrito por RODRIGUEZ-AMAYA (2001) adaptado, utilizando a polpa da macaúba, etanol 70%, agitador mecânico e evaporador rotativo para obter o extrato aquoso. Posteriormente, foi extraído os carotenóides totais utilizando o vórtex, ultrassom e centrífuga. As amostras foram analisadas por meio da absorbância através da varredura do extrato etéreo entre 450 e 452 nm em Espectofotômetro UV/Vis. As concentrações de β-caroteno foram de 7,33 µg de β-caroteno.g-1 utilizando o n-hexano e 8,48 µg de β-caroteno.g-1 com éter de petróleo, sendo os dois solventes orgânicos que apresentaram boa eficiência na extração. A baixa concentração de carotenoides totais pode ser justificada pela etapa de armazenamento, devido à instabilidade de sua estrutura, os carotenoides podem sofrer isomerização e oxidação, acarretando diminuição de atividade antioxidante.Extração; β-caroteno; polpa; macaúba
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA POLPA DE ABACATE (Persea americana MILL) DA REGIÃO DO ALTO PARANAÍBA
Authors: Oliveira Amanda Paula de , Guimarães Isabela Costa , Menezes Evandro Galvão Tavares
Published: November 2017

O abacate (Persea americana Mill) é um fruto originado do continente Americano, amplamente produzido no território brasileiro. A polpa carnuda do abacate proporciona um óleo de alta qualidade, apresentando diversos compostos bioativos. Neste trabalho, realizou-se um estudo para caracterização do abacate proveniente da região do Alto Paranaíba. Inicialmente, a polpa do abacate foi seca em estufa e moída. O farelo obtido após a moagem foi caracterizado por métodos físico-químicos, através da determinação do teor de umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, cinzas e carboidratos. Para a análise de carotenoide foi utilizado abacate in natura. Os resultados demonstraram que a polpa de abacate possui elevadas concentrações de óleo (47,26% em base seca) e carotenoides (13,04 mg/100g de polpa em base úmida), podendo assim a polpa ser utilizada para extração de óleo destinado às indústrias farmacêuticas e/ou alimentícias.
ESFIRRA DE GOMA DE TAPIOCA E BATATA COM CASCA RECHEADA COM TAMBAQUI
Authors: Souza Raimunda Roberto de , Rodrigues Tainã Dalila Santos , Oliveira Thatiana Wanessa de , Borges Paulo Rogério Siriano , Santos Inez Helena Vieira da Silva
Published: November 2017

O consumo de salgados fritos ou assados faz parte do hábito brasileiro, constituem-se alimentos baratos e de fácil acesso. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma esfirra assada de goma de tapioca e batata inglesa com recheio de tambaqui para indivíduos saudáveis, além de analisar a qualidade nutricional deste produto por meio da elaboração do rótulo nutricional. Para a determinação dos Valores Diários de Referência (VD%), utilizaram-se legislações RDC nº 359, RDC nº 360 e RDC nº 54 sendo esta última para apontar as fontes de nutrientes não contemplados no rótulo nutricional obrigatório. O produto deste estudo é uma opção de alimento com alto teor de proteínas advindo do peixe, alimento consumido em larga escala na região norte, com um recheio de requeijão caseiro, sendo uma boa opção de lanche nutritivo.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PERDA DE CARBONATAÇÃO E ALTERAÇÃO DE ºBRIX E DENSIDADE DE REFRIGERANTE DE COLA ENVASADO EM GARRAFAS DE POLIETILENO TEREFTALATO (PET) E LATAS DE ALUMÍNIO
Authors: Silvestre Daniele Batista , Cunha Alex Teixeira da , Oliveira Carla Cristina Silva de , Guimarães Isabela Costa , Moraes Allan Robledo Fialho e
Published: November 2017

Refrigerante é uma bebida carbonatada, não alcoólica, com alto poder refrescante, encontrada em diversos sabores. São diversos os aspectos que determinam a qualidade da carbonatação, dentre eles os fatores intrínsecos do produto e também a embalagem. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as alterações nas análises de gás carbônico, ºBrix e densidade em refrigerante tipo cola no decorrer do tempo, uma vez por semana em quadriplicata, verificando as diferenças entre 2 tipos de embalagens: garrafas de polietileno tereftalato (PET) e latas de alumínio. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas no tempo. A análise de variância demonstrou que existiu influência do tempo e do tipo de embalagem na perda de carbonatação uma vez que a garrafa PET apresentou maior perda que a lata de alumínio em 12 semanas. A variação de ºBrix ao longo do tempo foi significativa em ambas as embalagens, ocorrendo maior queda para o refrigerante envasado na lata de alumínio, também em 12 semanas. Não existiu influência do tipo de embalagem na alteração da densidade
Performance evaluation of green supply chain management
Authors: Surmacz Tomasz
Published: November 2017

Only what is measured can be managed properly. And the measurement process should serve a continuous improvement of companies and whole supply chains. Data from the performance measurement system should cause an increase of cooperation and help in taking right decisions about changes at the operational level, and on the other hand, are an important information when redefining strategies. This will allow for the development of the supply chain based on knowledge, in which the scope of cooperation is literally unlimited (including green aspects). There are two basic approaches to measuring the performance of supply chains: a comprehensive measurement that measures the results of the entire chain (which can be divided into individual tiers and levels) and partial measurement when we measure only certain aspects. Often, in practice, only measurement of separately operating companies is practiced by companies, not throughout chains. And the problem is even more evident when it comes to measuring performance of green activities in integrated supply chains. The paper presents the possibilities of evaluation of GSCM performance. The major challenges and obstacles are presented and assessed.
Investigations on Corrosion Behaviors of Super-Strength Sucker Rod Steel in High SO42- Environment
Authors: Han Zhongying , Huang Xiaoguang , Li Yinfeng
Published: November 2017

In some sour reservoirs and tertiary oil recovery blocks, SO42- in solution can cause the corrosion and corrosion fatigue of the sucker rods. In this paper, the corrosion behaviors of super-strength sucker rod FG20 (16Mn2SiCrMoVTiA) steel in the well fluid are investigated by electrochemical measurements, and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) analysis. The results show that FG20 steel has a favorable corrosion resistance in neural solutions. When the hydrogen ion content increases, the hydrolysis of SO42- greatly accelerates the corrosion of FG20 steel. The energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)results demonstrate that the corrosion process of FG20 steel in neural well liquid is an oxygen concentration process, and the protective FeCO3 and Fe2O3 on the surface of the samples can prevent further corrosion. With the increase of the acidity in the well liquid, the corrosion process converts into a sulphide concentration process, and the sloppy FeS and mackinawite film cannot provide effective protection for the specimens, resulting in the increase of corrosion rate.
A Semi-Pilot Photocatalytic Rotating Reactor (RFR) with Supported TiO2 /Ag Catalysts for Water Treatment
Authors: Montalvo Carlos , Aguilar Claudia , Alcocer Roberto , Ramirez Miguel
Published: November 2017

A four stage semi-pilot scale RFR reactor with ceramic disks as support for TiO2 modified with silver particles was developed for the removal of organic pollutants. The design presented in this article is an adaptation of the rotating biological reactors (RBR) and its coupling with the modified catalyst provides additional advantages to designs where a catalyst in suspension is used. The optimal parameter of rotation was 54 rpm and the submerged surface of the disks offer a total contact area of 387 M2. The modified solid showed a decrease in the value of its bandgap compared to commercial titanium. The system has a semi-automatic operation with a maximum reaction time of 50 h. Photo-activity tests show high conversion rates at low concentrations. The results conform to the Langmuir heterogeneous catalysis model.
Obtaining of β-Sitosterol from Cardamom by Supercritical CO2 Extraction
Authors: İçen Hacer , Çelik Hatice Tuğba , Ekinci Mustafa Serhat , Gürü Metin
Published: November 2017

Cardamom is plant of the Zingiberaceae family. It has been used for the treatment of many diseases such as migraine, bronchitis, stomach and intestinal disorders. Cardamom contains triterpenes, resins, starch and fatty compounds. Phytosterols (stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol) are a group steroid alcohol in plants. They are used food, medicine and cosmetic industry. They are protective effects against some types of cancer too. Phytosterols are found in the vegetable oil such as the spindle, corn and soybean oil. This paper deals with the maximum oil and β-sitosterol yield were investigated by means of the supercritical CO2 extraction of cardamom. The effect of operating parameters as temperature, pressure and CO2 flow rate were investigated on oil yield. The amount of β-sitosterol was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) at optimized conditions. The optimized conditions were recorded as temperature of 40oC, pressure of 200 bar and CO2 flow rate of 4 L/min. The maximum oil yield and amount of β-sitosterol were found as 74.83 mg oil/g seed and 4.73 mg β-sitosterol/g seed cardamom under these conditions.
Guidelines for Assessing Enological and Statistical Significance of Wine Tasters' Binary Judgments
Authors: Cicchetti Dom
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this article is to assess the reliability and accuracy (validity) of hypothetical binary tasting judgments in an enological framework. The heuristic model that is utilized allows for the control of a wide array of variables that would be exceedingly difficult to fully control in the typical enological investigation. It is shown that results that are judged to be enologically significant are uniformly judged to be statistically significant as well, whether the level of wine Taster agreement is set at 70% (Fair); 80% (Good), or 90% (Excellent), However, in a number of instances, results that were statistically significant were not enologically significant by standards that are widely accepted and utilized. This finding is consistent with the bio-statistical fact that given a sufficiently large sample size, even the most trivial of results will prove to be statistically significant. Consistent with expectations, multiple patterns of 80% (Good) and 90% (Excellent) agreement tended to be both statistically and enologically significant.
A Helical Charge Simulation based 3-D Method for Calculating AC Stranded Conductor’s Corona Loss in the Corona cage
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Huang Shilong , Liu Shugang , Liu Daran , Huang Zhicheng
Published: November 2017

Corona loss generated from conductors is one of the important design factors on ac transmission lines. Based on helical charge simulation method, the 3-D corona loss calculation model considering the conductors’ outer strands in the corona cage is established. With regard to 2-D corona-loss calculation method, the calculation model proposed in this paper can take the electric field strength’s nonuniformity along the axial direction of stranded conductor into consideration, furthermore, it can also calculate the corona loss when the conductor has sag. The calculation results of the LGJ-300/40 and LGJ-400/35 in the small corona cage well coincide with the measurement results, which indicates that the corona-loss calculation model is appropriate. In addition, the corona loss of the bundle conductors 4 × LGJ720 with sag in UHV corona cage is also analyzed.
Calibration of Binocular Vision Sensors Based on Unknown-Sized Elliptical Stripe Images
Authors: Liu Zhen , Wu Suining , Yin Yang , Wu Jinbo
Published: November 2017

Most of the existing calibration methods for binocular stereo vision sensor (BSVS) depend on high-accuracy target with feature points that are difficult to manufacture and costly. In complex light conditions, optical filters are used for BSVS, but they affect imaging quality. Hence, the use of a high-accuracy target with certain-sized feature points for calibration is not feasible under such complex conditions. To solve these problems, a calibration method based on unknown-sized elliptical stripe images is proposed. With known intrinsic parameters, the proposed method adopts the elliptical stripes located on the parallel planes as a medium to calibrate BSVS online. In comparison with the common calibration methods, the proposed method avoids utilizing high-accuracy target with certain-sized feature points. Therefore, the proposed method is not only easy to implement but is a realistic method for the calibration of BSVS with optical filter. Changing the size of elliptical curves projected on the target solves the difficulty of applying the proposed method in different fields of view and distances. Simulative and physical experiments are conducted to validate the efficiency of the proposed method. When the field of view is approximately 400 mm × 300 mm, the proposed method can reach a calibration accuracy of 0.03 mm, which is comparable with that of Zhang’s method.
Investigation of Heat Pump Operation Strategies with Thermal Storage in Heating Conditions
Authors: Jung Wangsik , Kim Dongjun , Kang Byung Ha , Chang Young Soo
Published: November 2017

A heat pump with thermal storage system is a system that operates a heat pump during night-time using inexpensive electricity; during this time, the generated thermal energy is stored in a thermal storage tank. The stored thermal energy is used by the heat pump during daytime. Based on a model of a dual latent heat storage tank and a heat pump, this study conducts control simulations using both conventional and advanced methods for heating in a building. Conventional methods include the thermal storage priority method and the heat pump priority method, while advanced approaches include the region control method and the dynamic programming method. The heating load required for an office building is identified using TRNSYS, used for simulations of various control methods. The thermal storage priority method shows a low coefficient of performance (COP), while the heat pump priority method leads to high electricity costs due to the low use of thermal storage. In contrast, electricity costs are lower for the region control method, which operates using the optimal part load ratio of the heat pump, and for dynamic programming, which operates the system by following the minimum cost path. According to simulation results for the winter season, the electricity costs using the dynamic programming method are 17% and 9% lower than those of the heat pump priority and thermal storage priority methods, respectively. The region control method shows results similar to the dynamic programming method with respect to electricity costs. In conclusion, advanced control methods are proven to have advantages over conventional methods in terms of power consumption and electricity costs.
TRANSMISSION OF EMBEDDED SKILLS IN MINANGKABAU SOCIETY: AN ANALYSIS OF BEST PRACTICEOF MINANGKABAU MIGRANTS
Authors: Mukhtar Mukhneri
Published: November 2017

The ethnographic study describes the transmission process of embedded skills within the culture of Minangkabau migrants to explore the cultural domains, taxonomy, components and themes. The study was conducted through three stages, that is, grand tour observation, mini tour observation, and participant observation, involving a number of key informants from the five municipalities of the DKI Jakarta Province, all of whom were working as traders. The focus of observation was on cultural events and the informants’ interactive behaviors. The findings show that transmission of embedded skills occur in the family, clan, and the nagari, and though collaborative work particularly among economically powerful migrants. This indicates (1) the importance of the family, clan, and nagari, in the transmission of embedded skils; (2) the importance of legitimate, rewarded, and expert power for the establishment of leadership, which is taught by the uncle and father in the established migrant group; (3) the importance of consent from the family and clan in determining the migrants’ success; (4) the importance of partnership, internship and organizational system in the transmission of embedded skills; and (5) the importance of parental and entrepreneurial patterns in cultural internalization.
Implementasi Kepatuhan Terhadap Prinsip Syariah Melalui Penggunaan Polis Standar Dalam Praktik Asuransi Syariah
Authors: Abubakar Lastuti , Sukmadilaga C
Published: November 2017

Perkembangan industri asuransi syariah dari tahun ke tahun memperlihatkan grafik meningkat. Sebagai bagian dari sektor jasa keuangan , asuransi syariah menunjukkan perkembangan dan kontribusi positif dalam aktivitas ekonomi Indonesia, walaupun pertumbuhannya belum optimal. Pertumbuhan ini akan terus meningkat apabila isu-isu strategis dapat diantisipasi. Salah satu isu strategis lambatnya pertumbuhan industri asuransi syariah adalah ketersediaan sumber daya manusia yang menguasasi asuransi syariah, yang berdampak terhadap rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap perbedaan antara asuransi syariah dan konvensional, khususnya berkaitan dengan akad yang digunakan dan kontribusi sebagai dana tabarru yang berbeda dengan premi. Kepatuhan terhadap prinsip syariah ini merupakan ekspektasi masyarakat dan menjadi salah satu faktor pendorong tumbuh kembangnya industry asuransi syariah. Polis standar yang berisi kesepakatan antara perusahaan asuransi syariah dan nasabah menjadi sarana untuk memastikan kepatuhan terhadap prinsip syariah (sharia compliance) dengan cara mengelaborasi prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam polis untuk diimplementasikan. Perbedaan mekanisme yang mendasar antara asuransi syariah dan konvensional dapat diwujudkan melalui polis standar, dengan mengacu pada pedoman standar polis yang dikeluarkan oleh Asosiasi Asuransi Syariah Indonesia (AASI).
Hubungan Kontraktual Antara Pemerintah Dan Kontraktor Swasta Dalam Kontrak Pertambangan Minyak Dan Gas Bumi
Authors: Rokhim Abdul
Published: November 2017

Hubungan hukum antara pemerintah sebagai pemegang Kuasa Pertambangan (KP) dengan kontraktor dalam kontrak pertambangan Migas bukanlah berdasarkan pengalihan Hak Penguasaan Negara, tetapi merupakan hubungan kontraktual yang memungkinkan pihak swasta dapat turut serta di dalam usaha pertambangan Migas. Dalam kontrak pertambangan Migas, posisi hukum pemerintah bersifat “monodualis”, di satu sisi pemerintah berkedudukan sebagai regulator dan sekaligus pemegang KP, namun di sisi lain pemerintah (dalam hal ini melalui SKK Migas) juga berkedudukan sebagai salah satu pihak dalam kontrak pertambangan Migas yang kedudukannya “setara” dengan kontraktor. Akibatnya, pemerintah baik sebagai regulator maupun pemegang KP tidak bisa mengendalikan kontraktor dalam kontrak pertambangan Migas.Kata kunci: hubungan kontraktual; pemerintah; kontraktor swasta; pertambangan Migas
Editorial
Authors: Rodríguez Marín Jesús
Published: November 2017

Las drogodependencias son, sin duda, uno de los principales problemas de nuestra sociedad, y afectan a todos los países, grupos y clases sociales; y también es indudable y obvia la relación entre salud y drogas. A lo largo de la historia, las drogas se han utilizado para intentar recuperar la salud, pero también su uso, mal uso y abuso, han acarreado muchos problemas de salud.
Trauma and drug use in patients admitted to emergency rooms two general hospital Costa Rica / Trauma y consumo de drogas en pacientes admitidos en salas de emergencia de dos hospitales generales de Costa Rica
Authors: Bejarano Julio , Obando Patricia
Published: November 2017

Se conoce que el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas es un factor relacionado con la generación de eventos traumáticos. Este estudio evalúa dicha relación según se registró en las salas de emergencia de dos importantes hospitales generales ubicados en la ciudad de San José, Costa Rica. La recolección de la información se realizó mediante un cuestionario cuya finalidad fue detectar el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas durante las horas previas al ingreso hospitalario y recabar la opinión del médico tratante. El instrumento se administró a 1311 pacientes que acudieron o fueron llevados a los servicios de urgencia durante un período de dos semanas en el mes de Julio de 1998. Las lesiones personales y las lesiones ocurridas en el hogar fueron los eventos más frecuentemente diagnosticados y en ambos el consumo de alcohol jugó un papel importante. Las sobredosis y los intentos de suicidio fueron más comunes en mujeres y estuvieron asociados especialmente al consumo de tranquilizantes y sustancias ilícitas. Se encontró una relación significativa entre la opinión del médico y el consumo de alcohol en las 6 horas previas al ingreso. Cerca de un 25% de los ingresos estaban relacionados con el consumo de alcohol, con un aumento sustancial durante los fines de semana. AbstractAlcohol and drug use are influential factors in the cause of trauma events, as well as a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. This study evaluates the relationship between alcohol and drug use and trauma events registered in emergency rooms of two major local hospitals located in downtown San José, Costa Rica. An instrument was designed to register the most common trauma events occurring at emergency rooms related to recent alcohol and drug use, using self-report and physician’s opinion, no BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) testing was used. The questionnaire was administered to 1311 patients who visited emergency rooms in a two-week period in July 1998. The most frequent traumatic events were diagnosed as personal injuries and home-related injuries, in both cases, recent alcohol use played a significant role. Other events such as overdose and suicide attempt were more related to tranquilizers and illicit drug use, especially in young women. A significant relationship was found between the physician’s opinion and alcohol use in the last 6 hours previous to the ER visit. Approximately 25% of all emergency visits were alcohol related, with a substantial increase during weekends.
Maintenance therapy Depot opioid antagonist. An alternative in the treatment of dependent opiates / Tratamiento de mantenimiento con antagonistas opiáceos depot. Una alternativa en el tratamiento de dependientes de opiáceos
Authors: Carreño J. Eduardo , Álvarez César E. , San Narciso Gemma I. , Bascarán Mª Teresa , Cerceda Ana , Hoyos María , Brewer Collin , Bobes Julio
Published: November 2017

Se presentan 156 tratamientos realizados en pacientes con dependencia de opiáceos (criterios CIE-10), con un programa de mantenimiento con antagonistas opiáceos depot (Naltrexona), iniciado tras una pauta de antagonización rápida ambulatoria. Se ha realizado un seguimiento de un año a los pacientes tras el alta. Se concluye, que el programa es seguro para los pacientes; tiene mejor índice de retención que los programas con antagonistas por vía oral, y al menos iguala la de los programas con agonistas, mejorando el cumplimiento (urinoanálisis negativos) de estos últimos. Abstract156 treatments are presented carried out in patient with dependence of opiate (CIE-10), with a maintenance program with antagonist opiate depot (Naltrexon), initiate after a rule of ambulatory quick antagonization. It has been carried out a pursuit from one year to the patients after the high one. You concludes that the program is safe for the patients; it has better retention index that the programs with antagonist for via oral, and at least it equals that of the programs with agonistas, improving the execution (negative urinalysis) of these last ones.
Evaluation of drug prevention program "Barbacana" / Evaluación del programa de prevención de drogas “Barbacana”
Authors: García del Castillo José A. , López-Sánchez Carmen , Fernández Isabel , Catala Luis
Published: November 2017

El presente trabajo es parte de una evaluación más amplia del programa de prevención de drogas Barbacana, enfocado a alumnos de secundaria con un doble objetivo: 1. Evaluar las herramientas del programa y del proceso de implantación: conocer cómo se han desarrollado las actividades programadas. 2. Evaluar los resultados: describir los efectos del programa en los destinatarios del mismo y el grado de cumplimiento de los objetivos marcados. Para la consecución del primer objetivo hemos aplicado una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas a los profesores encargados de llevar a cabo el programa en distintos centros de la Comunidad Valenciana. De la información resultante podemos comprobar que tanto los materiales como el proceso han sido calificados de positivo o muy positivo, tanto entre los aplicadores como entre los receptores. Para el segundo objetivo, optamos por un diseño cuasiexperimental con grupo de comparación no equivalente, en un mismo momento temporal que nos permite medir las diferencias y equivalencias entre ambos, confirmando nuestra hipótesis causal de partida: "las diferencias entre los alumnos del grupo experimental y de control en cuanto a información y niveles de consumo hacia las drogas, se deben básicamente a la aplicación del programa Barbacana". AbstractThis study is part of a more extensive evaluation of the Barbacana program for the prevention of drug use, aimed at secondary education students, the objective is two-fold: 1. To analyse the main tools employed in the program and to evaluate the implementation process, observing how the scheduled activities have been developed. 2. To evaluate the results, describing the benefits of the program for the target population and the achievement of its foreseen goals. To achieve the first objective, a qualitative methodology, based on semi-structured interviews to the professors responsible of applying the program at different centres within the Valencian Community, will be carry out. From the resulting information, we can observe that the materials and the process of the program have been qualified as positive or very positive by the prevention agents and by the target group. For the second objective, a quasi-experimental design with two groups of non-equivalent comparison have been chosen, within the same period of time, which will allow us to measure the differences and similarities between the two groups and to confirm our initial causal hypothesis: “The differences among the students from the experimental and control groups, regarding information and consumption levels of the drugs, are due, basically, to the application of the Barbacana program."
Tobacco, anxiety and stress / Tabaco, ansiedad y estrés
Authors: Becoña Elisardo
Published: November 2017

Clásicamente se ha asociado el consumo de cigarrillos con la ansiedad y el estrés. En esta revisión se analiza el estado actual de esta cuestión. En los estudios epidemiológicos se encuentra una clara y significativa asociación entre fumar y distintos trastornos de ansiedad. Igualmente, la mayoría de los estudios encuentran que los fumadores tienen una ansiedad rasgo mayor que los no fumadores o los que fuman pocos cigarrillos. Esta relación se encuentra tanto en adolescentes como en adultos. Fumar incrementa el estrés. Al dejar de fumar se reduce el nivel de estrés y la ansiedad, relación que se incrementa con el tiempo de abstinencia. Al tiempo, el estrés es un elemento que impide a muchas personas dejar de fumar o un facilitador de la recaída. Con la evidencia disponible se analiza el papel que esta relación tiene para la prevención y el tratamiento del tabaquismo.
Injected drugs consumption in Mexico: notes for the last two decades / El consumo de drogas inyectadas en México: apuntes de las últimas dos décadas
Authors: Linares Pérez Nivaldo
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Revisar los aspectos epidemiológicos relevantes de investigaciones nacionales sobre consumo de heroína y cocaína en las dos últimas décadas, haciendo énfasis en la frontera norte de México. Material y Método: Se realizó una consulta automatizada, previo diseño teórico de búsqueda bibliográfica de trabajos sobre el tema. Se encontraron 72 materiales y tras una cuidadosa selección, quedaron 59, recuperando 83% de ellos. Para su análisis se diseñó una matriz de variables cualitativas y cuantitativas y se procesó en Excel para Windows 2000. Resultados: Sin ser un fenómeno reciente, el consumo de heroína esta alcanzando en últimas fechas proporciones considerables y diversas fuentes de información marcan esta tendencia, sobre todo en el norte del país. Asimismo el consumo de cocaína es cada vez mayor y se extiende por todo el territorio nacional en proporciones cada vez mayores según lo muestran diferentes indicadores. Comentarios: El panorama epidemiológico del consumo de heroína y cocaína es alarmante por sus repercusiones en lo individual, familiar y social y representa un reto principalmente para la planificación y funcionamiento de los servicios de salud en México. AbstractObjective: To review the relevant epidemiological aspects of national research regarding consumption of heroin and cocaine over the last two decades, with emphasis on the northern border of Mexico. Materials and Method: An automated consultation was carried out after the theoretical design of a bibliographic search for works related to the subject. 72 papers were found of which 59 were chosen after a careful revision representing 83%. For the analysis a matrix of qualitative and quantitative variables was designed and processed with Excel, Windows 2000. Results: Although the consumption of heroin is not a recent phenomenon, over the last few years it has reached such high proportions, especially in the north of the country, as many different sources of information indicate. Likewise, the consumption of cocaine is ever-growing and spreading throughout the country the same proportions, as show by several indicators. Observations: The consumption prevalence of both heroin and cocaine is alarming because its tremendous impact on the individual, the family and the society and it represents a challenge for the Mexican Health Services, particularly in planning and management.
Effective prevention programs school of drugs with interactive methodology / Eficacia de los programas de prevención escolar de drogas con metodología interactiva
Authors: Espada Sánchez José Pedro , Rosa Alcázar Ana Isabel , Méndez Carrillo Francisco Xavier
Published: November 2017

Se presentan los resultados de un meta-análisis sobre la eficacia de los programas para prevenir el abuso de drogas con metodología interactiva, aplicados en el contexto escolar en España. Se identificaron 15 estudios independientes que cumplieron los criterios de selección, procedentes de 9 informes de investigación realizados entre 1985 y 2002. El tamaño del efecto medio global reveló que los programas son eficaces, aunque su eficacia es pequeña en el postest (d+ = 0,20), tendiendo a incrementarse en el seguimiento (d+ = 0,38). Los programas resultaron más eficaces con el alcohol que con el tabaco u otras drogas. La variable dependiente en la que obtuvieron más éxito fue en la reducción del consumo, por encima de la mejora del conocimiento y de las actitudes hacia las drogas. El componente presente en la totalidad de programas fue la información sobre las sustancias. Se discuten estos hallazgos y se señalan sugerencias para futuras investigaciones. AbstractThe study reports the results of a meta-analysis about the efficacy of interactive programs to prevent drug abuse within the school setting in Spain. 9 research reports from 1985 to 2002, were used to identify 15 independent studies which complied with the selection criteria. The global effect size revealed that school programs to prevent drug abuse are efficient, though its efficacy postest is small (d+= 0,20), tending to increase at the follow-up (d+= 0,38). The programs turned out to be more efficient with alcohol, than with tobacco or other drugs. Also the programs were more successful in reducing drug use and improving knowledge than in changing attitudes towards drugs. The component that apperared in all the programs was providing information about substances. These findings and some suggestions for future research are discussed.
Full number: Volume 3, Number 2 / Número completo: Volumen 3, Número 2
Authors: De diciembre de 2003. Número completo
Published: November 2017

Full number: Volume 3, Number 2 / Número completo: Volumen 3, Número 2.
STUDY OF REPARATIVE PROCESSES OF BONE TISSUE IN RATS USING OSTEOPLASTIC MATERIAL KLIPDENT PL WITH MEMBRANE KLIPDENT MK AND EASY-GRAFT MATERIAL WITH HYPROSORB MEMBRANE
Authors: Kravtsov Nikita
Published: November 2017

Acceleration of the reparative process of bone tissue after surgical interventions is an urgent issue in surgery and dentistry. One of the methods for replacing lost bone tissue is using an osteoplastic material. There is a question in the choice of better material, which will meet all the requirements of the doctor and fully perform its function. This work studies the activity of reparative processes of bone tissue in rats when the titanium screw is screwed into the femur using synthetic osteoplastic material Klipdent PL with membrane Klipdent MK (“Vladmiva” Russia) and Easy-graft material with Hyprosorb (“Sunstar” Swiss) membrane. The obtained results were compared with a control group in which the similar manipulation was performed without the use of an osteoplastic material. The experimental and morphological study was carried out. Conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of the materials under study.
DYNAMICS OF BONE TRAP-5B LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH BONE METASTASES OF RENAL CELL CANCER AT COMBINED TREATMENT
Authors: Boichuk Serhiy , Diedkov Anatoliy , Kostiuk Viktor , Ostafiychuk Vasyliy
Published: November 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Bone TRAP-5b) for early detection of bone metastases (BM) and to investigate the efficacy of bisphosphonates (BF) (zolendronic acid-ZA) in prevention of bone metastases in patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). The 60 patients with RCC with proven BM were investigated to assess the sensitivity and specificity of Bone TRAP-5b. 95 patients with RCC with high level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Bone TRAP-5b) (8,5±0,2 IU/L) after radical surgical treatment were divided into two groups: 1-st group: (n=44) received zolendronic acid (ZA) (BF +), and 2-nd group (n=51) patients didn’t receive ZA (BF-). Patients of both subgroups were similar by age, sex, stage of disease. The levels of Bone TRAP-5b, Ca++, alkaline phosphatase, LDG were accessed every 3 months, and MRI imaging, bone scan with 99mTc every 6 month in both groups. We determined the high correlation between bone TRAP-5b and the presence of bone metastases (r=0,9; p <0,05), but its level wasn’t dependent with the number of BM. The results showed the high sensitivity and specificity of Bone TRAP-5b at the critical value of 5.2 IU/L (98,3 % and 90,0 %), (χ2=64,6; p<0.01). Using BF for the prevention of bone metastases in high risk group patients with RCC provides a significant difference in the incidence of bone metastases in patients.
INVESTIGATION OF CHANGES OF STRUCTURAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FATTY FILLING FOR SYNBIOTIC WAFERS
Authors: Korkach Hanna
Published: November 2017

There was grounded the choice of functional ingredients for creating the synbiotic complex, consisted of immobilized bifidobacteria and inulin. There was demonstrated the necessity to realize the process of immobilization for “defending” bifidobacteria cells from the effect of unfavorable factors. There was determined the number of microorganisms’ cells and mass share of inulin for introducing in the recipe of a fatty filling.

There was studied the influence of synbiotics on structural-mechanical properties of a fatty filling for wafers. The limit speed, that the high-quality filling can be received at, was established, according to experimental data. It was studied, that the decrease of the fat quantity in the mass and simultaneous increase of the solid phase leads to the increase of the filling firmness that allows to shorten of the process of wafer layers cooling.

There was grounded the expedience of using the synbiotic complex in the technology of wafers fatty filling that allows to receive new wafer types of the functional directionality.
DETERMINATION OF TOXICITY OF CHOPPED MEAT-BASED SEMI-PRODUCTS IN VIVO
Authors: Paska Maria , Drachuk Ulyana , Masliichuk Olga , Vovk Volodymyr
Published: November 2017

At solving the problem of protein deficiency, the great role of the raw material for its production is played by leguminous cultures such as peas, haricot beans, lupine, forage beans, lentil, chick-peas, peavine and other. The chemical composition and food value of proteins of these cultures are most close to animal proteins – of meat, fish and also milk. Among the essential quantity of vegetable raw material that contains protein (33 - 50 %), the special place is occupied by lupine, characterized as an important reserve of high-quality protein substances at the World congress in 1991 in the USA [1].

There were elaborated certain recipes of meat chopped semi-products, based on beef that contains 5 %, 10 %, 15 % of lupine flour and 0,5 % of elecampane root powder.

There were carried out the studies on the determination of toxicity of functional raw material and cutlets with 10 % content of lupine flour and 0,5 % of elecampane on white mice organisms. There were used methods, based on toxic substances extraction from forages and peeled gains under condition of the intra-stomach administration and cutlets feed during 10 days. Blood was taken for hematological studies in mice, fed by functional cutlets.

It was proved, that these products have no toxic influence on organisms. At the pathoanatomical dissection, any macroscopic changes in tissues were not revealed, blood hematological results are within norm.

The best sample № 2 with 10 % content of lupine flour and 0,5 % of elecampane was determined by the gustatory method.

It was determined, that functional meat chopped semi-product may be included in the ration for the sound, treating-prophylactic nutrition.