bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hausa Back Beliefs Questionnaire: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment in mixed urban and rural Nigerian populations with chronic low back pain
Authors: Ibrahim Aminu Alhassan , Akindele Mukadas Oyeniran , Ganiyu Sokunbi Oluwaleke , Kaka Bashir , Bello Bashir
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Negative attitudes and beliefs about low back pain (LBP) can lead to reduced function and activity and consequently disability. One self-report measure that can be used to assess these negative attitudes and beliefs and to determine their predictive nature is the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ). This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the BBQ into Hausa and assess its psychometric properties in mixed urban and rural Nigerian populations with chronic LBP.

Methods

The BBQ was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Hausa (Hausa-BBQ) according to established guidelines. To assess psychometric properties, a consecutive sample of 200 patients with chronic LBP recruited from urban and rural clinics of Nigeria completed the questionnaire along with measures of fear-avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing, functional disability, physical and mental health, and pain. One hundred of the 200 patients completed the questionnaire twice at an interval of 7–14 days to assess test-retest reliability. Internal construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis, and external construct validity was assessed by examining convergent, divergent, and known-groups validity. Reliability was assessed by calculating internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change at 95% confidence interval (MDC95), and limits of agreement using Bland-Altman plots. Reliability (ICC, SEM and MDC95) was also assessed separately for rural and urban subgroups.

Results

The factor analysis revealed a four-factor solution explaining 58.9% of the total variance with the first factor explaining 27.1%. The nine scoring items loaded on the first factor hence supporting a unidimensional scale. The convergent and divergent validity were supported as 85% (6:7) of the predefined hypotheses were confirmed. Known-groups comparison showed that the questionnaire discriminated well for those who differed in education (p < 0.05), but not in age (p > 0.05). The internal consistency and ICC (α = 0.79; ICC = 0.91) were adequate, with minimal SEM and MDC95 (1.9 and 5.2, respectively). The limits of agreements were –5.11 to 5.71. The ICC, SEM and MDC95 for the urban and rural subgroups were comparable to those obtained for the overall population.

Conclusions

The Hausa-BBQ was successfully adapted and psychometrically sound in terms of internal and external construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability in mixed urban and rural Hausa-speaking populations with chronic LBP. The questionnaire can be used to detect and categorize specific attitudes and beliefs about back pain in Hausa culture to prevent or reduce potential disability due to LBP.
Physiological effects of intraperitoneal versus subcutaneous insulin infusion in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dirnena-Fusini Ilze , Åm Marte Kierulf , Fougner Anders Lyngvi , Carlsen Sven Magnus , Christiansen Sverre Christian
Published: April 2021

The intraperitoneal route of administration accounts for less than 1% of insulin treatment regimes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1). Despite being used for decades, a systematic review of various physiological effects of this route of insulin administration is lacking. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to identify the physiological effects of continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion (CIPII) compared to those of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in patients with DM1. Four databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and CENTRAL) were searched beginning from the inception date of each database to 10th of July 2020, using search terms related to intraperitoneal and subcutaneous insulin administration. Only studies comparing CIPII treatment (≥ 1 month) with CSII treatment were included. Primary outcomes were long-term glycaemic control (after ≥ 3 months of CIPII inferred from glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels) and short-term (≥ 1 day for each intervention) measurements of insulin dynamics in the systematic circulation. Secondary outcomes included all reported parameters other than the primary outcomes. The search identified a total of 2242 records; 39 reports from 32 studies met the eligibility criteria. This meta-analysis focused on the most relevant clinical end points; the mean difference (MD) in HbA1c levels during CIPII was significantly lower than during CSII (MD = -6.7 mmol/mol, [95% CI: -10.3 –-3.1]; in percentage: MD = -0.61%, [95% CI: -0.94 –- 0.28], p = 0.0002), whereas fasting blood glucose levels were similar (MD = 0.20 mmol/L, [95% CI: -0.34–0.74], p = 0.47; in mg/dL: MD = 3.6 mg/dL, [95% CI: -6.1–13.3], p = 0.47). The frequencies of severe hypo- and hyper-glycaemia were reduced. The fasting insulin levels were significantly lower during CIPII than during CSII (MD = 16.70 pmol/L, [95% CI: -23.62 –-9.77], p < 0.0001). Compared to CSII treatment, CIPII treatment improved overall glucose control and reduced fasting insulin levels in patients with DM1.
Coordinated changes in the expression of Wnt pathway genes following human and rat peripheral nerve injury
Authors: van Vliet Arie C. , Lee Jinhui , van der Poel Marlijn , Mason Matthew R. J. , Noordermeer Jasprina N. , Fradkin Lee G. , Tannemaat Martijn R. , Malessy Martijn J. A. , Verhaagen Joost , De Winter Fred
Published: April 2021

A human neuroma-in continuity (NIC), formed following a peripheral nerve lesion, impedes functional recovery. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the formation of a NIC are poorly understood. Here we show that the expression of multiple genes of the Wnt family, including Wnt5a, is changed in NIC tissue from patients that underwent reconstructive surgery. The role of Wnt ligands in NIC pathology and nerve regeneration is of interest because Wnt ligands are implicated in tissue regeneration, fibrosis, axon repulsion and guidance. The observations in NIC prompted us to investigate the expression of Wnt ligands in the injured rat sciatic nerve and in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In the injured nerve, four gene clusters were identified with temporal expression profiles corresponding to particular phases of the regeneration process. In the DRG up- and down regulation of certain Wnt receptors suggests that nerve injury has an impact on the responsiveness of injured sensory neurons to Wnt ligands in the nerve. Immunohistochemistry showed that Schwann cells in the NIC and in the injured nerve are the source of Wnt5a, whereas the Wnt5a receptor Ryk is expressed by axons traversing the NIC. Taken together, these observations suggest a central role for Wnt signalling in peripheral nerve regeneration.
Comparison of the disinfecting effect of sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution and surfactant on hospital kitchen hygiene using adenosine triphosphate swab testing
Authors: Aoyama Takashi , Kudo Tomoko
Published: April 2021

The Japanese Ministry of Health requires large-scale cooking facilities to use sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution (HYP) on food preparation tools, equipment, and facilities to prevent secondary contamination. This study aimed to compare the disinfecting effect of HYP and surfactant using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) swab testing on large-scale equipment and facilities that could not be disassembled and disinfected in hospital kitchen. From May 2018 to July 2018, ATP swab tests were performed on the following six locations in the Shizuoka Cancer Centre Dietary Department Kitchen: cooking counter, mobile cooking counter, refrigerator handle, conveyor belt, tap handle, and sink. Six relative light unit (RLU) measurements were taken from each location. The log10 values of the RLU measurements were evaluated by dividing the samples into two groups: the control group (surfactant followed by HYP swabbing) and the HYP group (HYP swabbing only). The results showed that the RLUs (log10 values) in both the groups improved after disinfection (p<0.05), except for the RLUs (log10 values) of the mobile cooking counter, tap handle, and sink in the control group after the HYP swab. The changes in the RLU (log10 value) did not differ between the two groups for all locations of the kitchen. Hence, HYP swabbing of large-scale equipment and facilities provides the same level of disinfection as surfactants and can be as beneficial.
Vulnerability to recurrent episodes of acute decompensation/acute-on-chronic liver failure characterizes those triggered by indeterminate precipitants in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Hoshi Hitomi , Chu Po-sung , Yoshida Aya , Taniki Nobuhito , Morikawa Rei , Yamataka Karin , Noguchi Fumie , Kasuga Ryosuke , Tabuchi Takaya , Ebinuma Hirotoshi , Saito Hidetsugu , Kanai Takanori , Nakamoto Nobuhiro
Published: April 2021

Background

Acute decompensation (AD) of liver cirrhosis (LC) and subsequent acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are fatal and impair quality of life. Insufficient knowledge of the highly heterogeneous natural history of LC, including decompensation, re-compensation, and possible recurrent decompensation, hinders the development and application of novel therapeutics. Approximately 10%-50% of AD/ACLF is reported to be precipitated by any indeterminate (unidentifiable, cryptogenic, or unknown) acute insults; however, its clinical characteristics are unclear.

Methods

We conducted a single-center observational study of 2165 consecutively admitted patients with LC from January 2012 to December 2019. A total of 466 episodes of AD/ACLF in 285 patients, including their 285 first indexed AD/ACLF, were extracted for analysis. Stratified analyses of different acute precipitants, classified as indeterminate (AD/ACLFIND), bacterial infection (AD/ACLFBAC), gastrointestinal bleeding, active alcoholism, and miscellaneous, were performed.

Results

AD/ACLFIND was the leading acute precipitant (28%), followed by AD/ACLFBAC (23%). AD/ACLFIND showed better survival outcomes than AD/ACLFBAC (P = 0.03); however, hyperbilirubinemia, hyponatremia, or leukocytosis significantly and uniquely characterized subgroups of AD/ACLFIND with comparable or even worse survival outcomes than those of AD/ACLFBAC. Patients with subsequent AD/ACLF significantly tended to suffer from AD/ACLF with any organ failure in AD/ACLFIND but not in AD/ACLFBAC (P = 0.004, for trend). In competing risk analysis, patients with AD/ACLFIND were significantly more vulnerable to suffer from recurrent episodes of AD/ACLF within 180 days, compared to those triggered by other precipitants (P = 0.04).

Conclusions

AD/ACLFIND, the leading acute precipitant, also plays a role in subsequent AD/ACLF. An abruptly exacerbating, remitting, and relapsing nature of systemic inflammation underlying AD/ACLF may also be useful for risk estimation.
Soft Set Theoretic on Marriage Problem Predicate Task.
Authors: Appiah Frank
Published: April 2021

This report is about theoretical study of soft sets on Marriage Problem Predicate with its tabular representation defined over universe sets, U with set of parameters from the sentence predicates of the case examples used in the research exploration.
Proyección en etapa compleja por desastres naturales originados por el Cambio Climático y terremoto y su impacto a la vinculación a la emergencia sanitaria mundial por el Covid 19 en Tacna - Perú: ¿Y esto?
Proyección de escenarios de riesgo complejo por desastres de origen vinculados naturales al cambio climático y sismos en la región Tacna - Perú; y su interrelación con la emergencia sanitaria global por Covid19: ¿Qué nos espera?
Authors: Osorio Soto Gary Martín , Moreno Guzmán Diego
Published: April 2021

En el presente artículo, se ha propuesto el enfoque analítico para modelar en etapa compleja a base de estudio retrospectivo sobre la emergencia sanitaria por Covid 19 en la región de Tacna. el uso del último evento a desastre, analizando la interacción de las amenazas de desastres naturales producidos por el Cambio Climático y terremoto en un entorno frágil y vulnerable y su interacción con la dinámica social, económica y política. El proceso de modelización indaga el gran factor de vulnerabilidad de la población, estos factores de riesgo asociados a la dinámica cultural, la idiosincrasia, la baja preparación ante desastres naturales, la débil prevención del riesgo político en el enfoque resiliente y la prospección correctiva en el riesgo contribuyen a incrementar el escenario. a la vulnerabilidad de los habitantes de Tacna; Perú.

Resumen El presente artículo promueve el análisis de modelos de aproximación a escenarios complejos de riesgo en base al estudio retrospectivo de eventos de desastres producidos por fenómenos naturales dentro del escenario de emergencia sanitaria global producida por la Covid19 en la Región de Tacna. El uso de información histórica de eventos de desastre y su interacción con los módulos sociales, económicos, políticos y de primera respuesta, prueba el gran factor de vulnerabilidad adyacente a la población, este factores de riesgo asociados a la dinámica cultural, idiosincrasia, baja preparación ante eventos de desastres y la débil política de prevención dentro de un enfoque de resiliencia y gestión correctiva del riesgo, contribuir a incrementar el riesgo y vulnerabilidad de los pobladores de la Región Tacna - Perú.
Identification of CYP2D6 allelic mutations in a sub-set of Karachi population
Authors: Fatima Tamkeen
Published: April 2021

CYP2D6 gene polymorphism is considered a main obstacle in the process of drug metabolism under clinical diseases that affect pharmacokinetics of ~25% of antidepressants and other drugs. Inter-individual variation occurs in the amount and functional activity of CYP2D6 enzyme produce undesirable side effects. The primary aim of current research is to evaluate gene and genotypic frequencies of CYP2D6 *1 extensive metabolizer, *4 poor metabolizer and *10 intermediate metabolizer allelic variants among depressed patients and compared with normal subjects and other populations. Human genomic DNA was isolated. Genotyping was performed by Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction endonucleases digestion for variants analysis. The results indicated gene frequency of CYP2D6*1 was 59% (CI 49.6,68.3%) in normal subjects whereas, CYP2D6*4 was 13% (CI 3.7, 22.3%) and CYP2D6*10 was 54% (44.7, 63.3%) predominantly found in depressed patients. The results demonstrate pronounced association of CYP2D6 *4 and *10 allelic variants with patient’s drug response activity.
Linking structure and function in striatum using algebraic topology, digital microcircuit reconstruction and simulations of the healthy and diseased network
Authors: Carannante Ilaria , Scolamiero Martina , Kozlov Alexander , Guo Lihao , Hjorth Johannes , Frost Nylén Johanna , Braga Pereira Joana , Kumar Arvind , Chachólski Wojciech , Hellgren Kotaleski Jeanette
Published: April 2021

The relationship between the structure and network dynamics within the striatum is currently not well understood. We have applied algebraic topology to investigate the local structural connectivity in the striatum, and then used simulations to predict how structure shapes network dynamics. We used a full-scale digital reconstruction of the mouse striatal microcircuitry: both healthy and at different stages of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). These stages are characterized by successively modified healthy morphologies of the striatal projection neurons (SPN), including changes in dendritic spine count. We compared the distribution of topological motifs, in the form of directed cliques, between these microcircuits. The distribution of directed cliques in the healthy striatal microcircuits showed that striatal interneurons, despite only accounting for 5%, are crucial for the construction of high dimensional directed cliques. In PD networks the presence of directed cliques drastically decreased with the disease progression. We then used simulations to investigate whether these changes in structural connectivity affect functional connectivity. Signal transfer, especially correlation transfer, in the corticostriatal system was affected. We also found that the resulting changes in intrastriatal inhibition altered the correlations between the striatal projection neurons. Directed cliques already provided insight on structural and functional properties of neocortical micrucircuitry. Here we applied this topological approach to investigate striatal networks and highligthed important differences with respect to neocortex. Combining theory with simulations using data-driven in silico reconstructions will allow us to form quantitative predictions on how structure and network dynamics relate in health and disease.
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
En Proyectos de Infraestructura Civil
Authors: APAZA CUTIPA RENZO , ANAHUA MAMANI ROY
Published: April 2021

One of the most prevailing needs of the construction industry is related to the improvement of the performance of construction processes, one of the most significant trends applied for this purpose is the modeling of construction information (BIM - Building Information Modeling) . This review shows the benefits of its application in construction projects, the knowledge of BIM from an overview of the state of the art. And finally the general description, the practical theoretical application, conclusions and recommendations are presented.

Una de las necesidades más imperantes de la industria de la construcción está referida a la mejora de los rendimientos de los procesos de construcción, siendo una de las tendencias más significativas aplicadas para este propósito el modelado de información de construcción (BIM – Building Information Modeling). En la presente revisión se muestran los beneficios de su aplicación en los proyectos de construcción, el conocimiento de BIM desde una visión general del estado del arte. Y finalmente se presenta la descripción general, la aplicación teórica práctica, conclusiones y recomendaciones.
Modelos de proteção ao consumidor no que diz respeito à lei aplicável aos contratos internacionais de consumo e sugestões para o Direito brasileiro
Authors: D'Aquino Lúcia Souza
Published: April 2021

O artigo aborda três modelos identificados quanto à determinação da lei aplicável aos contratos de consumo internacionais. Através de uma metodologia de legislação comparada, são apresentados os modelos europeu – adotado também no Québec, Argentina, Japão e República Dominicana –, o modelo brasileiro e o modelo chinês, que é semelhante ao panamenho. Pretende-se, após a análise desses modelos, verificar se o modelo existente no Brasil é o melhor e, caso contrário, sugerir um aprimoramento da proteção da parte vulnerável nessas situações.
STUDY ON SURFACE STABILITY AND RESIDUAL DEFORMATION OF OLD GOAF IN DONGJIAGOU MINE，CHINA
Authors: Li Zechuang , Cheng Peifeng , Liu Zhibin , Zheng Junjie
Published: April 2021

Old goaf under the overpass becomes serious hidden trouble of subgrade-pavement and bridge engineering. Based on geological survey, geophysical survey and theoretical analysis, this paper studies on formation mechanism and distribution characteristics of the surface residual deformation in old goaf in No.9 Line Overpass across Rapid Rail Transit Line No.3 in Dalian city. A comprehensive analysis and evaluation has been made on the stability of old goaf. Based on the calculation principle of the probability integration method, the conception of ground residual subsidence coefficient and the predicted model of residual deformation are proposed, ground residual deformation of old goaf under the overpass is predicted. According to the zonal principles of ground stability, the stabilities of areas are divided. The results indicated that, new overpass has an important effect on the old goaf overburden rock activation in study area that the surface will be instability uneven settlement and the ground residual deformation values will exceed allowable values. Some treatment should be done to the old goaf because of the poor stability of goaf and non-goaf within influence zone in study area.
TRAFFIC VOLUMES TEST OF AIRPORT RUNWAY
Authors: Shi Xingang , Cai Liangcai , Wang Guanhu
Published: April 2021

Currently, airport pavement design only considers the different horizontal standard deviation at the end and the middle of the runway, which had ignored the longitudinal distribution of airport runway traffic volume (ARTV). Especially for short take-off and landing aircraft, the take-off and landing distribution are not full of the whole runway. In allusion to the characteristics of ARTV, this paper developed a test system for the wheel track distribution and conducted a test of a short take-off and landing aircraft. Based on the statistics and analysis of test results, the horizontal and longitudinal distribution statistical laws of ARTV were obtained. At last, the longitudinal passage factor was proposed, and the planar distribution model was established to evaluate the ARTV at each point of the runway. By comparison with current design specifications, it is indicated that the pavement thickness will be designed more conservative without considering the planar distribution of traffic volumes.
ENHANCEMENT OF CONCRETE PIPES THROUGH REINFORCEMENT WITH DISCRETE FIBERS
Authors: Soroushian Parviz , Jahangirnejad Shervin
Published: April 2021

An industrial-scale production and experimental investigation was conducted in order to evaluate the constructability and structural performance of different concrete pipes incorporating discrete synthetic fibers. The results indicated that synthetic fibers enable design of plain concrete pipes with a desired balance of strength and ductility. Analytical models were developed for predicting the load-carrying capacity of concrete pipes without steel reinforcement that are reinforced with discrete fibers.
RESEARCH ON MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM OF LONG-SPAN HYBRID GRID HANGAR BASED ON LEVERAGE PRINCIPLE
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Wang Deyou , Shi Guangshun
Published: April 2021

A long-span hybrid grid hangar structure and a modeling method for the long-span hybrid grid hangar structure based on the principle of leverage are proposed in this paper. Based on the SAP2000 spatial structure design software, the C# language was used to develop a plug-in to automatically create a long-span hybrid grid structure based on the principle of leverage, which realized the automatic generation by inputting parameters such as the span of the hangar structure, the number of horizontal grids, and the number of vertical grids. The optimization design method of the long-span hybrid grid structure based on particle swarm algorithm is proposed. SAP2000 software is used and the C# language is used to develop the optimization design program of the long-span hybrid grid structure based on the principle of leverage. The optimization design is carried out, and the optimization results show that the program can reduce the thickness of the roof and reduce the vertical displacement at the opening of the hangar roof on the basis of meeting the current specifications.
THE BOND STRENGTH OF STEEL BAR BASE ON RIB GEOMETRY BAR IN PULLOUT TEST
Authors: Rosyidah Anis , Tjondro Johannes Adhijoso , Sucita I Ketut
Published: April 2021

This experiment's objective is to prove that the reinforcing rib's form contributes to its bond strength. The specimen is the concrete cubes measuring 150 × 150 × 150 mm; bar installed in the center of the concrete cube. Bars use 13, 16, and 19 mm diameters. For comparison, the experiment was also carried out on plain reinforcement diameter with 12 mm, 16 mm, and 19 mm. Concrete compression is fc' 34 MPa. The pullout test was also performed to increase the load in stages at a 200 kg/minute speed. Loading stopped if the reinforcement yielded, split concrete, or slipped bar. The experiment uses ASTM standards ASTM C234-91a. The study results are the bond strength on reinforcement with the surrounding concrete. Bond strength in the plain bar is lower than deformed. The reinforcement of steep rib compared to fishbone bond strength values incline to be the same. The ratio of the bond strength of plain compared to deformed is 15% - 18%. The bond index of the steep rib and fishbone rib between 0.11 - 0.16 so that the bond stress obtained is also relatively the same. The failure pattern that occurs is determined based on the bond stress-slip graph. There are two types of collapse in this experiment, namely pullout and splitting damage. The failure of each specimen based on the diameter and shape of the rib varies greatly. The splitting damage is seen visually only in the specimen of the D19 fishbone rib.
STUDY ON PERMEABILITY AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF RED CLAY CONTAMINATED BY CU2+
Authors: Ban Rulong , Chen Xuejun , Song Yu , Bi Pengyan , Yang Xin , Zhang Xiaochen
Published: April 2021

In order to study the permeability characteristics of heavy metal ions contaminated red clay and explore the rapid detection of permeability of heavy metal contaminated red clay. Through variable-head permeability test and electrical resistivity test (different voltages and methods), the effects of Cu2+ concentration and initial water content on hydraulic conductivity characteristic and resistivity of contaminated red clay was systematically investigated. The relationship between permeability characteristic and electrical resistivity was further explored by taking Cu2+ concentration and moisture content as the intermediate variable. The obtained results indicate that the different voltage has no obvious effect on the resistivity of the samples. The four-phase electrode method is more accurate than the two-phase electrode method. With increasing Cu2+ concentrations the hydraulic conductivity of specimens increases, however the permeability coefficient of contaminated soil decreases with increasing initial water content. In the resistivity test, with increasing of Cu2+ concentrations and water content, the resistivity of samples presented a downward trend, which is decreased sharply at first and then tended to be gentle. The relationship between hydraulic conductivity and resistivity of contaminated soil showed a good fitting curve no matter in different Cu2+ concentration or in different water content, but the fitting curves of them presented opposite trend.
Avaliação da Superfície Equipotencial de Referência Local (W_0SP) no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Albarici Fabio Luiz , Guimarães Gabriel do Nascimento , Trabanco Jorge Luiz Alves , Santos Marcelo
Published: April 2021

A compreensão, o estudo e a atualização da superfície equipotencial de referência local  tem importância fundamental no sistema de altitude de um país. Esta superfície pode ser integrada ao sistema global, conforme resolução da IAG onde consta que a realização do sistema de referência deve referir-se a um nível de referência global () unificado. Neste artigo, propõe-se o cálculo desta superfície através da abordagem oceanográfica, utilizando-se de observações gravimétricas, medidas maregráficas do nível do mar e dados advindos do GNSS/nivelamento. Na determinação do  a SST (Topografia da Superfície do Mar) também foi calculada. Os testes numéricos, utilizando-se do valor do  para o estado de São Paulo, indicam que a discrepância do número geopotencial e altitude normal, quando analisados em relação aos valores disponibilizados pelo IBGE, tem desvio padrão de  e . Assim, pode-se dizer que os resultados são confiáveis e consistentes, mantendo-se próximo do SGB.
Controle Geodésico do Nível do Mar em Salvador: Análises e Correlações
Authors: Ribas Junior Nilton de Souza , Santos Carlos Antônio de Souza Teles , Zebende Gilney Figueira , Silva Filho Aloísio Machado da
Published: April 2021

Fatores de ordem política, social e econômica têm motivado governantes e pesquisadores a monitorar e estudar o comportamento do nível do mar. Com a elevação deste nível, estima-se que em 2070 150 milhões de pessoas estariam em risco e uma riqueza avaliada em 35 trilhões de dólares ameaçados nas 136 maiores cidades portuárias do mundo. Para a engenharia, o nível médio do mar tem fundamental importância na determinação do datum altimétrico de um país. Neste trabalho foram utilizados os dados coletados pela Estação Maregráfica de Salvador no período de 2009 a 2015 com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento temporal do nível médio do mar neste local, detectar e quantificar movimentos verticais de origem não oceânica que tendem a degradar e mascarar a qualidade desses dados. Rotinas computacionais foram desenvolvidas no intuito de detectar e corrigir inconsistências nesta série. Métodos estatísticos de regressão, além do DFA e ρDCCA foram utilizados para analisar o comportamento da série, sua persistência ao longo do tempo e quantificar o nível de correlação cruzada entre a série maregráfica e as redes geodésicas ativas e passivas do IBGE. Os resultados mostraram a importância na análise e correção dos dados para fins de determinação do nível médio do mar por apresentar diferenças numéricas, mas qualitativamente não houve diferença significativa, visto o universo de pontos analisados. Nossos achados apontam que o nível do mar está subindo e, além disso, este cenário tende a continuar por um longo período.
Mapeamento participativo aplicado à Estratégia de Saúde da Família: a experiência em Santo Amaro - BA
Authors: Moraes Isabel Cristina , Marengo Shanti Nitya , Schacht Gustavo Luís , Passos Débora Santos
Published: April 2021

O acesso a geolocalização em smartphones e tablets tem apontado seu uso potencial no levantamento de dados georreferenciados e como ferramenta de mapeamento replicável por usuários não-especialistas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a experiência do mapeamento participativo dos territórios de ação das equipes de Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) do município de Santo Amaro (BA) com recursos de GPS/GNSS (Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite System) e imagem de satélite do Google Earth, no aplicativo Map Marker. Neste trabalho, são apresentados os aspectos da percepção e transcrição dos elementos espaciais no processo de digitalização e atualização cartográfica destes territórios.  Foram realizadas oficinas nas 17 unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) a fim de cartografar os territórios de atuação – microáreas - dos 104 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS). Das 17 UBS, 10 apresentavam algum produto cartográfico. Esses produtos pré-existentes contribuíram para a correspondência espacial entre o território e as imagens de satélite. A identificação das microáreas foi satisfatória, porém, o maior desafio foi a vetorização das poligonais. Apesar disso, em cada equipe houve ao menos um profissional que se destacou e foi capaz de reproduzir a metodologia sem um mediador. O uso das tecnologias geoespaciais aplicadas ao mapeamento em saúde mostrou-se viável para a área de estudo, e reforça a importância do treinamento para a autonomia dos atores sociais e a democratização desses recursos nas estratégias em saúde pública. A obtenção destas bases cartográficas deve subsidiar à espacialização de doenças registradas na atenção básica bem como à gestão de saúde do município.
RESILIENSI PEREMPUAN LAJANG DALAM METROPOP GANJIL-GENAP KARYA ALMIRA BASTARI
Authors: Intan Tania
Published: April 2021

In the context of Eastern culture, society views single women and men unequally. The demand for immediate marriage in women is greater than that of men. This research was conducted to reveal the resilience of single women represented by the protagonist of the novel Ganjil-Genap (2020) by Almira Bastari. The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative. Data in the form of words, phrases, and sentences were collected using the listening technique and notes through closed reading. The data are then classified, interpreted, and then analyzed using feminist literary criticism. The theoretical foundation in this research comes from the ideas of Hurlock and Schoon. The results showed that (1) The institution of marriage is still coveted by independent, well-established, and logical female figures because singleness is a social category that is considered problematic. (2) In exercising resilience, women go through the overcoming, steering through, bouncing back, and reaching out stages. (3) The achievement that the female character produces from resilience is turning her position from object to subject.
Academic Medical Libraries and Accessibility Challenges The Conformance of the Websites with the WCAG2 1
Authors: Zare Soheila , Rahmatizadeh Shahabedin , Valizadeh-Haghi Saeideh
Published: April 2021

Website accessibility is a key factor in meeting individuals’ needs and expectations. Considering the lack of research on the accessibility of Iranian medical libraries’ websites, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the compliance of the central library websites of Iranian universities of medical sciences using the latest WCAG2.1 guideline. The research includes all the 51 homepages of the central libraries of Iranian medical universities. The accessibility evaluation of each homepage performed using “Webaccessibility” automated testing tool. The Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance was performed to explore the association of the compliance score of libraries’ websites among the three categories of medical universities. The findings of the present study revealed that none of the central library websites of the Iranian medical sciences universities are fully compliant with WCAG2.1, and the mean compliance score of accessibility was 77.26 ± 5.862 percent. The low accessibility of the library websites may result in making online information services and resources inaccessible and unusable to users who are disabled. Therefore, it is necessary for library managers and website designers to solve the accessibility problems and improve the accessibility of the websites to make them accessible for all users.
Five Years of India Rankings NIRF and its Impact on Performance Parameters of Engineering Institutions in India Pt 2 Research and Professional Practices
Authors: Nassa Anil Kumar , Arora Jagdish , Singh Priyanka , Joorel J P Singh , Trivedi Kruti , Solanki Hitesh Kumar , Kumar Abhishek
Published: April 2021

This article analyses data on five years of India Rankings to assess its impact on performance parameters of institutions of higher education in terms of publications, citations, patents, highly-cited publications and research funding under broad category of parameter named “Research and Professional Practices”. The analysis on data on five years of India Rankings, i.e. 2016 to 2020 on various performance parameters of HEIs provides an interesting insight and reveals that participating institutions are making strenuous effort to improve their performance on various parameters or sub-parameters identified by the NIRF for ranking of HEIs. It is note that the number of publications, citations, and highly-cited publications (HCP) by eligible applicant institutions have increased exponentially over a period of five years from 2016 to 2020. It is interesting to note that per cent of publications, citations, and HCP by the 100 top-ranked institutions has decreased with corresponding increase of publications, citations, and HCP of the remaining institutions. This trend indicates that a good number of remaining institutions have not only intensified their research and publications activities but are also attracting their share of citations. It is also observed that a significant number of NIRF eligible applicants did not have any publication, however, per cent of institutions having “0” publications have decreasing gradually every year from 2017 to 2020. Noticeable and consistent increase in total publications of India, NIRF Eligible Applicants, 100 top-ranked institutions and remaining institutions in Overall category was noticed during past four years, i.e. 2017 to 2020. However, per cent increase in publications of the 100 top-ranked institutions was the highest in overall category.
Intersubjective Gravity and Entanglement
Authors: Song Daegene
Published: April 2021

Although quantum theory and relativity are two of the monumental achievements in modern physics, their exact relationship remains somewhat uncertain. Indeed, while the nature of quantum theory is subjective at the fundamental level, relativity involves a rule that is invariant under observers’ different reference frames. This paper argues that quantum theory and relativity are connected in such a way that Alice’s and Bob’s choices of coordinate bases, which correspond to the apparatus outcome in quantum measurement, are related to Einstein’s field equation. That is, the phenomenon of gravity corresponds to a commonality among observers, thereby involving an intersubjective aspect, rather than being objective. This shared feature of intersubjectivity is also discussed in terms of entanglement and locality.
Dating Structural Changes in UK Monetary Policy
Authors: De Lipsis Vincenzo
Published: April 2021

The UK historical monetary policy experience is rich of institutional changes, but it remains unclear which of these many events dominated the policy actions and what timing characterised the inception of different policy regimes. We develop a new empirical approach to answer these questions and we identify in particular the historical institutional events that effectively translated into a shift of the systematic actions of the UK monetary authorities. We find that not all institutional events triggered a contemporaneous change in the actual policy conduct, although a coherent evolution in phases is evident since 1978, when a significant monetary policy rule emerges. These occasional but not sporadic regime changes explain a considerable share of the movements in the official interest rate, as well as an overstatement of the importance of policy inertia.
Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a high-capacity material for next-generation sodium-ion capacitors
Authors: Jeżowski Pawel , Crosnier Olivier , Brousse Thierry
Published: April 2021

Energy storage is an integral part of the modern world. One of the newest and most interesting concepts is the internal hybridization achieved in metal-ion capacitors. In this study, for the first time we used sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as a sacrificial material for the preparation of next-generation sodium-ion capacitors (NICs). NaBH4 is a material with large irreversible capacity of ca. 700 mA h g−1 at very low extraction potential close to 2.4 vs Na+/Na0. An assembled NIC cell with the composite-positive electrode (activated carbon/NaBH4) and hard carbon as the negative one operates in the voltage range from 2.2 to 3.8 V for 5,000 cycles and retains 92% of its initial capacitance. The presented NIC has good efficiency >98% and energy density of ca. 18 W h kg−1 at power 2 kW kg−1 which is more than the energy (7 W h kg−1 at 2 kW kg−1) of an electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) operating at voltage 2.7 V with the equivalent components as in NIC. Tin phosphide (Sn4P3) as a negative electrode allowed the reaching of higher values of the specific energy density 33 W h kg−1 (ca. four times higher than EDLC) at the power density of 2 kW kg−1, with only 1% of capacity loss upon 5,000 cycles and efficiency >99%.
Folded surface elements coupled with planar scissor linkages: A novel hybrid type of deployable structures
Authors: Vlachaki Evangelia , Liapi Katherine A.
Published: April 2021

Origami folding structures can find significant applications in the general area of building design, as they can be lightweight and deployable. An inherent property of folded surfaces, which is related to the degrees of freedom of each origami crease pattern, is form flexibility. Therefore, when building-scale applications are considered, in many instances, the folded surfaces, in order to become stiff and load-bearing, need to be constrained. A study of different types of deployable structures has led to the observation that in planar scissor linkages, hinges and pivots follow the same deployment path in space, as sets of vertices in certain origami structures. Due to the similarities in their kinematic behavior, selected origami patterns and scissor linkages can function as effective kinematic pairs, leading to structures able to transform in a controlled manner through a wide range of possible spatial configurations. A few examples of combining these two types of structures already exist [1–3]. In this paper a systematic approach for coupling origami crease patterns characterized by biaxial and rotational symmetry, with translational, polar and angulated scissor linkages, towards the development of novel forms of deployable structures, has been attempted. For the design and evaluation of the kinematic performance of the developed new structures, existing geometric modeling and calculation methods, parametric and simulation processes, as well as testing with physical models have been used. It is anticipated that research in this direction will lead to promising novel hybrid types of deployable structures.
Some applications of deep eutectic solvents in alkylation of heterocyclic compounds: A review of the past 10 years
Authors: Molnar Maja , Lončarić Melita , Jakovljević Martina , Komar Mario , Lončar Mirjana
Published: April 2021

This mini-review encapsulates the latest findings (past 10 years) in the field of the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) application in the alkylation/arylation of different heterocyclic compounds. These solvents have been developed to fulfill the green chemistry concept demands and have been proven excellent for the application in various fields. This review describes their application in different types of alkylation,C-,N-,O- andS-alkylation.P-alkylation has not yet been published within this scope. Not only have the authors in this study proven that DESs could be successfully applied for this specific type of reaction, but they have also offered an excellent insight into the mechanisms of their action.
Arabic sentiment analysis about online learning to mitigate covid-19
Authors: Ali Manal Mostafa
Published: April 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic is forcing organizations to innovate and change their strategies for a new reality. This study collects online learning related tweets in Arabic language to perform a comprehensive emotion mining and sentiment analysis (SA) during the pandemic. The present study exploits Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to extract subjective information, determine polarity and detect the feeling. We begin with pulling out the tweets using Twitter APIs and then preparing for intensive preprocessing. Second, the National Research Council Canada (NRC) Word-Emotion Lexicon was examined to calculate the presence of the eight emotions at their emotional weight. Third, Information Gain (IG) is used as a filtering technique. Fourth, the latent reasons behind the negative sentiments were recognized and analyzed. Finally, different classification algorithms including Naïve Bayes (NB), Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were examined. The experiments reveal that the proposed model performs well in analyzing the perception of people about coronavirus with a maximum accuracy of about 89.6% using SVM classifier.

From a practical perspective, the method could be generalized to other topical domains, such as public health monitoring and crisis management. It would help public health officials identify the progression and peaks of concerns for a disease in space and time, which enables the implementation of appropriate preventive actions to mitigate these diseases.
Frequency and characterization of mutations in genes in a large cohort of patients referred to MODY registry
Authors: Breidbart Emily , Deng Liyong , Lanzano Patricia , Fan Xiao , Guo Jiancheng , Leibel Rudolph L. , LeDuc Charles A. , Chung Wendy K.
Published: April 2021

Objectives

There have been few large-scale studies utilizing exome sequencing for genetically undiagnosed maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), a monogenic form of diabetes that is under-recognized. We describe a cohort of 160 individuals with suspected monogenic diabetes who were genetically assessed for mutations in genes known to cause MODY.

Methods

We used a tiered testing approach focusing initially on GCK and HNF1A and then expanding to exome sequencing for those individuals without identified mutations in GCK or HNF1A. The average age of onset of hyperglycemia or diabetes diagnosis was 19 years (median 14 years) with an average HbA1C of 7.1%.

Results

Sixty (37.5%) probands had heterozygous likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants in one of the MODY genes, 90% of which were in GCK or HNF1A. Less frequently, mutations were identified in PDX1, HNF4A, HNF1B, and KCNJ11. For those probands with available family members, 100% of the variants segregated with diabetes in the family. Cascade genetic testing in families identified 75 additional family members with a familial MODY mutation.

Conclusions

Our study is one of the largest and most ethnically diverse studies using exome sequencing to assess MODY genes. Tiered testing is an effective strategy to genetically diagnose atypical diabetes, and familial cascade genetic testing identified on average one additional family member with monogenic diabetes for each mutation identified in a proband.
How to express evolution in English Pokémon names
Authors: Kawahara Shigeto , Moore Jeff
Published: April 2021

This article contributes to the studies of sound symbolism, systematic relationships between sounds and meanings. Specifically, we build on a series of studies conducted within a research paradigm called “Pokémonastics,” which uses the Pokémon universe to explore sound symbolic patterns. Inspired by a study of existing English Pokémon names, two experiments were conducted in which English speakers were provided with pairs of pre-evolution and post-evolution Pokémon characters, the latter of which were larger. The participants were given two name choices whose members were systematically different in some phonological properties. The results show the following sound symbolic patterns to be productive: (1) names with higher segment counts are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names with lower segment counts, (2) names containing [a] are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing [i], (3) names containing [u] are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing [i], and (4) names containing coronal consonants are more likely to be associated with post-evolution characters than names containing labial consonants. Overall, the current results suggest that phonological considerations come into play when English speakers name new fictional creatures. Implications of the current results for the theories of sound symbolism are discussed throughout the paper.