bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROXIMATE TEST AND ORGANOLEPTIC TEST ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MORINGA LAYER CAKE
Authors: Wulandari Cici , IK Budaraga , Wellyalina Wellyalina , Liamnimitr Napassawan
Published: February 2021

Tradisional food from Indonesian that is a layer cake. Layer cake is usually made in with many variant colour. Beside that a layer cake made by rice powder, wheat powder, and starch powder. The taste is chewy, legit, and sweet making this cake liked by all circles. The purpose is to know a quality of layer cake with adding moringa leaf powder and adding moringa leaf powder with treatmet 5 test and 3 times test. The resull of analysis using anova with test and continve test Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMNRT). The resull showing if adding moringa leaf power have infiuence with a layer cake quality and adding moringa leaf power in organoleptik fase into a layer cake is two percent (2%).
A rua em mim: memória urbana na poesia de Ferreira Gullar e Joãozinho Ribeiro
Authors: Dos Santos Silvana Pantoja
Published: February 2021

A cidade comporta uma herança simbólica inscrita em seus elementos urbanizados, sendo a literatura o lócus de materialização desses componentes. Neste artigo, analisamos o processo de rememoração das ruas em Poema sujo, de Ferreira Gullar, e Paisagem feita de tempo, de Joãozinho Ribeiro. Adotamos como referência os escritos de Walter Benjamin (1989;1994) e Maurice Halbwachs (2006). Os sujeitos poéticos das referidas obras desenvolvem com as ruas uma relação de cumplicidade, de modo que homem e cidade se imbricam num emaranhado de vivências e lembranças, levando-os a se diluírem no corpo da cidade.
Com os pés um pouco fora do chão: texto-preparado e citação nos escritos de John Cage
Authors: Duarte Miguel de Ávila
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho se propõe a investigar o uso dos procedimentos de citação na obra escrita do compositor estadunidense John Cage, em diálogo com as formulações teóricas do trabalho da citação de Antoine Compagnon. Caracterizada muitas vezes como uma “escrita através”, a produção textual cageana será investigada por meio da noção de texto-preparado, derivada da ideia de retórica preparada, desenvolvida por David Patterson por analogia às preparações que o compositor realizava para execução de algumas obras suas para piano.
Learning DNFs under product distributions via mu--biased quantum Fourier sampling
Authors: Kanade Varun , Rocchetto Andrea , Severini Simone
Published: February 2021

We show that DNF formulae can be quantum PAC-learned in polynomial time under product distributions using a quantum example oracle. The current best classical algorithm runs in superpolynomial time. Our result extends the work by Bshouty and Jackson (1998) that proved that DNF formulae are efficiently learnable under the uniform distribution using a quantum example oracle. Our proof is based on a new quantum algorithm that efficiently samples the coefficients of a μ–biased Fourier transform.
Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Biochars in Green Solvents and Correlation with Solvent Parameters
Authors: Vidal Juliana , Gallant Stephanie , Connors Evan , Richards Douglas , MacQuarrie Stephanie , Kerton Francesca
Published: February 2021

Liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is a process frequently used to overcome the interactions between layers in layered materials to produce small sheets of material, with remarkable properties and high value applications. Materials are prepared via direct or indirect sonication in a solvent that must be able to effectively disperse and stabilize the sheets produced. Unfortunately, the preferred solvents for exfoliation processes are often toxic and possess several health risks. In this work, we show that LPE in greener solvents can be used to access nanostructures of biochar and further improve the applications of this renewable and bio-based material. Herein, pristine and oxidized biochars prepared from hardwood and softwood biomass waste (e.g. sludge, bark, and sawdust) are exfoliated in a range of solvents to allow the identification of benign alternatives that could afford highly concentrated dispersions. The majority of biochar nanostructures produced after exfoliation are stacked nanosheets containing between 2-8 layers (average 15 nm thickness). Correlations between effective LPE of biochar in solvents and different solvent parameters, including Kamlet-Taft, were established and allowed greener solvents to be used. Surface modification of biochars (e.g. via oxidation) has potential to increase their dispersibility in more benign solvents. LPE of oxidized biochars is more efficient in hydrogen-bond accepting solvents due to the increased concentration of carboxylic acid and alcohol functional groups on the surface of particles, when compared to non- functionalized biochars. Dispersions containing 0.20-0.75 mg/mL exfoliated oxidized biochar were obtained in solvents such as polyethylene glycols, glycerol formal and e-caprolactone. Moreover, LPE of pristine biochars in dimethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, and solketal gave similar yields to more commonly used solvent for this process, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) a known reprotoxic molecule.
Synthesis and styrene copolymerization of novel trisubstituted ethylenes: 10. Methyl and methoxy ring-trisubstituted phenylcyanoacrylates
Authors: Byk Mariah A. , Coyoc Althia J. , Flowers Mariah S. , Gebremeskel Werhawet , Gontar Bogdan , Jr Jose Gonzalez , Hartrich Patrick J. , Howell Anna C. , Rocus Sara M. , Schjerven William S. , Kharas Gregory
Published: February 2021

Novel trisubstituted ethylenes, methyl and methoxy ring-trisubstituted 2-methoxyethyl phenylcyanoacrylates, RPhCH=C(CN)CO2CH2CH2OCH3 (where R is 2,3-dimethyl-4-methoxy, 2,5-dimethyl-4-methoxy, 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methyl, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy, 4-hydoxy-3,5-dimethyl, 2,3,4-trimethoxy, 2,4,5-trimethoxy, 2,4,6-trimethoxy, 3,4,5-trimethoxy) were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The ethylenes were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-substituted benzaldehydes and 2-methoxyethyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR. All the ethylenes were copolymerized with styrene in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70°C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis.
Enhancing Paraoxon Binding to Organophosphorus Hydrolase Active Site
Authors: El Khoury Léa , Mobley David , Ye Dongmei , Rempe Susan
Published: February 2021

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are among the most toxic of chemical substances and widely used as insecticides, pesticides, and chemical warfare agents. The most important enzyme inhibited by OP compounds is acetylcholinesterase (AChe). Inactivation of AChe function results in the accumulation of neurotransmitter, leading to death due to serious respiratory disorders. Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), also called phosphotriesterase, is a homo-dimeric metalloenzyme that can hydrolyze various OP agents in the circulatory system, resulting in products that are generally of reduced toxicity. The best OPH substrate found to date is the insecticide diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon). Most structural and kinetic studies assume that the binding orientation of paraoxon is identical to that of diethyl 4-methylbenzylphosphonate, which is the only substrate analog co-crystallized with OPH. In the current work, we used a combined docking and molecular dynamics (MD) approach to predict the likely binding mode of paraoxon in the OPH active site. We identified a potential binding mode of paraoxon that does not match the binding mode of diethyl 4-methylbenzylphosphonate. Then, we used the predicted binding mode to run MD simulations on the wild type (WT) OPH complexed with paraoxon, and OPH mutants complexed with paraoxon. Additionally, we identified 3 hot-spot residues (D253, H254, and I255) involved in the stability of the OPH active site. To further assess these predictions, we then experimentally assayed single and double mutants involving these residues (D253E, H254S, I255S, D253E-H254R and D253E-I255G) for hydrolytic activity against paraoxon. Computational structural analysis of protein-substrate dynamics shows different hydrogen bonding profiles for mutants involving D253 (D253E, D253E-H254R, and D253E-I255G) compared to WT OPH. Additionally, the binding free energy calculations and the experimental kinetics (particularly, kcat and KM) of the reactions between each OPH mutant and paraoxon show that mutated forms D253E, D253E-H254R, and D253E-I255G exhibit enhanced activity over WT OPH. Interestingly, our experimental results show that the activity of the double mutant D253E-H254R increased by 19-fold compared to WT OPH.
Iron (II/III) Halide Complexes Promote the Interconversion of Nitric Oxide and S-nitrosothiols through Reversible Fe-S Interaction
Authors: Poptic Anna , Zhang Shiyu
Published: February 2021

Heme and non-heme iron in biology mediate the storage/release of NO• from S-nitrosothiols as a means to control the biological concentration of NO•. Despite their importance in many physiological processes, the mechanisms of N-S bond formation/cleavage at Fe centers have been controversial. Herein, we report the interconversion of NO• and S-nitrosothiols mediated by FeII/FeIII chloride complexes. The reaction of two equivalents of S-nitrosothiol (Ph3CSNO) with [Cl6FeII2]2- results in facile release of NO• and formation of iron(III) halothiolate. Detailed spectroscopic studies, including in situ UV-vis, IR, and Mössbauer spectroscopy, support the interaction of the S−atom with the FeII center. This is in contrast to the proposed mechanism of NO• release from the well-studied “red product” k1-N bound S-nitrosothiol FeII complex, [(CN)5Fe(k1-N-RSNO)]3-. Additionally, FeIII chloride can mediate NO• storage through the formation of S-nitrosothiols. Treatment of iron(III) halothiolate with two equivalents of NO• regenerates Ph3CSNO with the FeII source trapped as the S = 3/2 {FeNO}7 species [Cl3FeNO]-, which is inert towards further coordination and activation of S-nitrosothiols. Our work demonstrates how labile iron can mediate the interconversion of NO•/thiolate and S-nitrosothiol, which has important implications for how Nature manages the biological concentration of free NO•.
TOPSIS for mobile based group and personal decision support system
Authors: Dewi Ratih Kartika , Jonemaro Eriq Muhammad Adams , Kharisma Agi Putra , Farah Najla Alia , Dewantoro Mury Fajar
Published: February 2021

Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is an algorithm that can be used for alternative design in a decision support system (DSS). TOPSIS provides recommendation so that users can get information that support their decision, for example a tourist wants to visit a tourist destination in Malang, then TOPSIS provides recommendations of tourist destinations in the form of ranking recommendation, with the highest rank is the most recommended recommendation. TOPSIS-based Mobile Decision Support System (DSS) has relatively low algorithm complexity. However, there are some cases that require development from personal DSS to group DSS, for example tourists rarely come alone, in which case most of them invite friends or family. For users who are more than 1 person, the TOPSIS algorithm can be combined with the BORDA algorithm. This study explains about the implementation & testing of TOPSIS and TOPSIS-BORDA as algorithms for personal and group DSS in mobile-based tourism recommendation system in Malang. Correlation testing was conducted to test the effectiveness of TOPSIS in mobile-based recommendation system. In previous study, correlation testing for personal DSS showed that there was a relationship between the recommendation and user choice, with correlation value of 0.770769231. In this study, correlation testing for group DSS showed there is a positive correlation of 0.88 between the recommendations of the group produced by TOPSIS-BORDA and personal recommendations for each user produced by TOPSIS.
Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé games without identity
Authors: Urquhart Alasdair
Published: February 2021

This note defines Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé games where identity is not present in the basic language.  The formulation is applied to show that there is no elementary theory in the language of one binary relation that exactly characterizes models in which the relation is the identity relation.
Immune Logics
Authors: DA RE BRUNO , SZMUC DAMIAN
Published: February 2021

This article is concerned with an exploration of a family of systems—called immune logics—that arise from certain dualizations of the well-known family of infectious logics. The distinctive feature of the semantic of infectious logics is the presence of a certain “infectious” semantic value, by which two different though equivalent things are meant. On the one hand, it is meant that these values are zero elements for all the operations in the underlying algebraic structure. On the other hand, it is meant that these values behave in a value-in-value-out fashion for all the operations in the underlying algebraic structure. Thus, in a rather informal manner, we will refer to immune logics as those systems whose underlying semantics count with a certain “immune” semantic value behaving in a way that is somewhat dual to that of the infectious values. In a more formal manner, carrying out this dualization will prove to be not as straightforward as one could imagine, since the two characterizations of infectiousness discussed above lead to two different outcomes when one tries to conduct them. We explore these alternatives and provide technical results regarding them, and the various logical systems defined using such semantics.
Kungfu as a Vehicle for Multimodal Intercultural Communication A Chinese-New Zealand Case Study: Ant Sang’s Shaolin Burning (2011) Preliminary Observations
Authors: Zheng Fang
Published: February 2021

I would argue that in the Chinese-New Zealand case study I am discussing in this article – Ant Sang’s Shaolin Burning (2011) – Kungfu corresponds to a collection of Martial Arts techniques that are similar to the traditional/old-style Kungfu novels. For Example, Sifu, Deadly Plum Blossom’s (the heroin) Kungfu master, once introduced her understanding of Kungfu in Shaolin Burning (2011): “The most important principle to remember is to protect your centreline. This protects your eyes, neck and all your vital organs... It forces your opponent to attack in a circular path, which is an indirect path, and therefore slower […] Control the centreline and you control the fight. Not only do you use the centreline for defence, use it also for attack. My punch is unorthodox. It is deceptively short and direct, but when performed correctly has devastating power.” (SB 51-54) Those are typical guidelines for Martial Arts techniques.
PENGARUH PERAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN IKLIM ORGANISASI SEKOLAH TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA GURU SD DI KECAMATAN DEMPET KABUPATEN DEMAK
Authors: Niam Saiful , Yuliejantiningsih Yovitha , Miyono Noor
Published: February 2021

Kepuasan kerja guru menjadi suatu cerminan dari kualitas kerja guru. Guru SD di Kecamatan Dempet sebagian masih belum merasa puas terhadap pekerjaanya yang salah satunya ditandai dengan kurang disiplinnya guru dalam bekerja. Kepuasan kerja guru disebabkan oleh peran kepala sekolah yang belum optimal dan iklim organisasi sekolah yang kurang kondusif di sekolah.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh peran kepala sekolah terhadap kepuasan kerja guru, (2) untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh iklim organisasi sekolah terhadap kepuasan kerja guru, (3) untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh peran kepala sekolah dan iklim organisasi sekolah secara bersama-sama terhadap kepuasan kerja guru.Populasi penelitian semua guru SD di Kecamatan Dempet sejumlah 271 guru, sampel 162 guru dengan teknik proportional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data metode kuesioner. Analisa data menggunakan analisa deskriptif, uji persyaratan serta uji hipotesis yang meliputi analisis regresi linier sederhana dananalisis regresi ganda. Analisa data menggunakanfasilitas program SPSS for Windows Realease 17.Hasil penelitian diketahui rata-rata perolehan skor peran kepala sekolah 149,7(cukup baik); rata-rata perolehan skor iklim organisasi sekolah 115,7(cukup baik); dan rata-rata perolehan skor kepuasan kerja guru 128,3(puas). Hasil uji prasyarat diperoleh data berdistribusi normal, homogen, linier, tidak multikolinier, dan tidak terjadi heteroskedastisasi. Uji hipotesis ditemukan terdapat pengaruh positif peran kepala sekolah terhadap kepuasan kerja guru dengan persamaan Ŷ=11,581+0,770X1; kekuatan korelasi 0,869 dengan kontribusi sebesar 75,5%. Terdapat pengaruh positifiklim organisasi sekolah terhadap kepuasan kerja guru dengan persamaan Ŷ=27,068+0,796X2; kekuatan korelasi 0,866 dengan kontribusi sebesar 75,0%. Terdapat pengaruh positif peran kepala sekolah dan iklim organisasi sekolah secara bersama-sama terhadap kepuasan kerja guru dengan persamaan Ŷ=34,268+0,417X1+0,397X2; kekuatan korelasi 0,885 dengan kontribusi sebesar 78,3%.Saran bagi Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan agar melakukan pelatihan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah secara berkala agar semakin profesional dan memahami tugas pokok dan perannya. Bagi kepala sekolah agar membuat program dan kegiatan sekolah yang berorientasi kewirausahaan. Bagi guru supaya meningkatkan kerjasama antarguru dalam melakukan kegiatan sekolah dan membangun tim yang solid dalam kerangka meningkatkan kinerja.
PENGARUH SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DAN IKLIM ORGANISASI SEKOLAH TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA GURU SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DI KECAMATAN KEDUNG KABUPATEN JEPARA
Authors: Nisa’ Nevi Zahrotin , Sunandar Sunandar , Miyono Noor
Published: February 2021

Supervisi bertujuan memberikan layanan dan bantuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas mengajar guru dikelas yang pada gilirannya untuk meningkatkan kualitas belajar siswa. Kondisi proses supervisi tersebut menimbulkan iklim organisasi sekolah kurang kondusif serta motivasi kerja yang tidak maksimal. Iklim kerja disekolah yang kondusif turut membantu ke arah terwujudnya sekolah yang efektif. Motivasi merupakan hal penting karena motivasi akan mendorong atau menggerakkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu lebih bersemangat.Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Apakah supervisi akademik berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja guru SMP di Kecamatan Kedung? (2) Apakah iklim organisasi sekolah berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja guru SMP di Kecamatan Kedung? (3) Apakah supervisi akademik dan iklim organisasi sekolah secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja guru SMP di Kecamatan Kedung?Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Pengaruh supervisi akademik terhadap motivasi kerja guru SMP di Kecamatan Kedung. (2) Pengaruh iklim organisasi sekolah terhadap motivasi kerja guru SMP di Kecamatan Kedung. (3) Pengaruh supervisi akademik dan iklim organisasi sekolah secara bersama-sama terhadap motivasi kerja guru SMP di Kecamatan Kedung.Populasi penelitian ini adalah 135 orang guru yang tersebar pada 8 SMP Negeri dan swasta di Kecamatan Kedung. Sampel 100 guru diambil proportional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji prasyarat serta uji hipotesis yang meliputi analisis regresi berganda. Untuk menganalisis data digunakan fasilitas program SPSS.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor rata-rata supervisi akademik adalah 127,82 dikategorikan sedang, skor rata-rata iklim organisasi adalah 115,59 dikategorikan sedang, skor rata-rata motivasi kerja adalah 111,37 dikategorikan tidak baik. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan (1) pengaruh supervisi akademik terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 29,3%, (2) pengaruh iklim organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 37,5%, dan (3) pengaruh supervisi akademik dan iklim organisasi terhadap motivasi kerja sebesar 42,7%.Untuk menciptakan motivasi kerja guru hendaknya kepala sekolah merencanakan, melaksanakan serta melakukan tindak lanjut supervisi dengan baik. Organisasi di sekolah hendaknya organisasi dapat mengakui identitas masing-masing individu, memberikan dukungan terhadap masing-masing individu dan mengurangi terjadinya konflik sehingga organisasi lebih kondusif. Masing-masing individu guru dapat menciptakan hubungan yang harmonis antar warga sekolah serta mendukung prestasi masing-masing individu.
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN BUDAYA KERJA TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA GURU SMP NEGERI DI KECAMATAN TENGARAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Miyono Noor , Retnaningdyastuti Retnaningdyastuti , Ratnaningsih Khabibah
Published: February 2021

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang pengaruh kompetensi kepala sekolah dan budaya kerja terhadap motivasi kerja guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh kompetensi kepala sekolah terhadap motivasi kerja guru, 2) untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh budaya kerja terhadap motivasi kerja guru, 3) untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh kompetensi kepala sekolah dan budaya kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap motivasi kerja guru.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah guru SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Tengaran Kabupaten Semarang yang berjumlah 122 orang. Sampel sebanyak 93 orang ditetapkan dengan proportional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Dengan menggunakan program SPSS for Window Release 21 untuk melakukan analisis deskriptif, uji validitas, reliabilitas, uji normalitas data, lineritas dan uji regresi linier sederhana dan regresi ganda.Hasil penelitian: 1) Nilai mean responden terhadap variabel kompetensi kepala sekolah sebesar 121,56 artinya persepsi responden cukup baik. Korelasi variabel kompetensi kepala sekolah dengan variabel motivasi kerja guru sebesar 0,366 termasuk kategori cukup baik. Pengaruh kompetensi kepala sekolah terhadap motivasi kerja guru sebesar 13,4% dengan koefisien regresi positif, artinya bahwa tinggi rendahnya motivasi kerja guru dipengaruhi oleh baik atau tidak baiknya kompetensi kepala sekolah. 2) Nilai mean responden terhadap variabel budaya kerja sebesar 171,17 artinya persepsi responden cukup baik. Korelasi variabel budaya kerja terhadap variabel motivasi kerja guru sebesar 0,248 kategori cukup baik. Pengaruh budaya kerja terhadap motivasi kerja guru sebesar 6,3% dengan koefisien regresi positif, artinya bahwa tinggi rendahnya motivasi kerja guru dipengaruhi oleh baik atau tidak baiknya budaya kerja. 3) Nilai mean responden terhadap motivasi guru sebesar 87,40 artinya persepsi responden terhadap variabel motivasi kerja guru cukup baik. Pengaruh kompetensi kepala sekolah dan budaya kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap motivasi kerja guru sebesar 18,4% dengan koefisien regresi positif, artinya jika kompetensi kepala sekolah dan budaya kerja semakin baik maka motivasi kerja guru semakin tinggi pula.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI DAN PARTISIPASI GURU DALAM MGMP TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU BAHASA INGGRIS SMP DI KABUPATEN KENDAL
Authors: Susmiatun Ani , Yuliejantiningsih Yovitha , Abdullah Ghufron
Published: February 2021

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) adakah pengaruh motivasi berprestasi guru terhadap kompetensi profesional guru Bahasa Inggris? (2) adakah pengaruh partisipasi guru terhadap kompetensi profesional guru Bahasa Inggris? (3) adakah pengaruh motivasi berprestasi guru dan partisipasi guru dalam MGMP secara bersama-sama terhadap kompetensi profesional guru Bahasa Inggris SMP di Kabupaten Kendal?Tujuan penelitian ini adalah:(1) mengetahui pengaruh motivasi berprestasi guru terhadap kompetensi profesional guru Bahasa Inggris, (2) mengetahui pengaruh partisipasi guru terhadap kompetensi profesional guru Bahasa Inggris, (3) mengetahui pengaruh secara bersama-sama motivasi berprestasi dan partisipasi guru dalam MGMP terhadap kompetensi profesional guru Bahasa Inggris SMP di Kabupaten Kendal.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru Bahasa Inggris SMP di Kabupaten Kendal yang berjumlah 220 orang, dengan sampel sebanyak 135 orang dengan menggunakan tehnik proportional random sampling. Pendekatan yang dipakai adalah kuantitatif melalui regresi. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, analisis regresi linier dan regresi berganda.Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebagai berikut: 1) Ada pengaruh motivasi berprestasi terhadap kompetensi profesional guru Bahasa Inggris SMP Kabupaten Kendal secara positif dan signifikan sebesar 44, 6%. 2) Pengaruh partisipasi guru dalam MGMP terhadap kompetensi profesional guru sebesar 20,4 %. 3) Pengaruh motivasi berprestasi guru dan partisipasi guru dalam MGMP secara bersama-sama terhadap kompetensi profesional guru sebesar 48,2 %.
Evaluation of Fatigue Damage in Reinforced Concrete Road Slabs by Acoustic Emission
Authors: Arai Takahiro , Iwai Minoru , Furuichi Kosuke
Published: February 2021

Since reinforced concrete (RC) deck slabs are usually damaged by cyclic live load, it is necessary to
monitor the deck slab for operation and maintenance purposes. Acoustic emission (AE) is an
excellent technique, which can be used for continuous monitoring and detecting fatigue damages
of RC structures. First, the AE was applied for evaluating fatigue damage of RC deck slab with truck
wheel traveling test in laboratory. The results showed that there was a correlation between the AE
energy and damage degree of the slab. Thus, it was able to presume the damage degree by AE
energy. In the next step, a test by vehicle with clear mass in a in‐service bridge was performed.
The results of the laboratory and in‐service bridge tests imply that the damage degree of RC deck
slab are able to evaluate by AE energy.
Numerical Limit Analysis of Slab Bridges with Construction Joints
Authors: Jensen Thomas Westergaard , Poulsen Peter Noe , Hoang Linh Cao
Published: February 2021

The conic yield criteria for reinforced concrete slabs in bending are often used when evaluating the load‐carrying capacity of slab bridges. In the last decades, the yield criteria combined with numerical limit analysis have shown to be efficient methods to determine the load carrying capacity of slabs. However, the yield criteria overestimate the torsion capacity of slabs with high reinforcement ratios and it cannot handle slabs with construction joints. In this paper, numerical limit analysis with the conic yield criteria are compared with yield criteria based on an optimized layer model. The analysis show an increasing overestimation of the load carrying capacity for increasing reinforcement degrees. Furthermore, yield criteria, which combine the conic yield criteria with an extra linear criterion due to friction, are presented for slab bridges with construction joints. The yield criteria for slabs with construction joints are used, in combination with limit analysis, to evaluate a bridge constructed of pre‐cast overturned T‐beams and in‐situ concrete. The analysis show that the load carrying capacity is overestimated, when the construction joints are not considered in the yield criteria.
Operation and Maintenance Strategies in Vordingborg Municipality
Authors: Thomsen René Muff , Seneka Jespersen Morten Holm , Buch Bjørn
Published: February 2021

There is a significant problem regarding operation and maintenance of bridges in a majority of the municipalities in Denmark. The consequences of not dealing with operation and maintenance of bridges are often not recognized, though it can be rather serious and expensive if it is not taken care of in time. Vordingborg Municipality is handling the problem with a comprehensive operation and maintenance plan for bridges together with an annual contribution of funds from Vordingborg municipal council. By investing in principal inspections of all bridges, special inspections of the larger bridges and load carrying capacity calculations, Vordingborg Municipality has achieved detailed knowledge of the bridges' condition, including how and when to take action.
Yavuz Sultan Selim (3rd Bosphorus) Bridge-Inspection and Maintenance
Authors: Farooq Abdul
Published: February 2021

The Yavuz Sultan Selim bridge, also known as the 3rd Bosphorus Bridge, was opened to road traffic in August 2016. The stiffened suspension bridge, with a main span of 1408m, overall length 2250m and width 59.4m, is believed to be the first of its type. It is situated in a seismic region and exposed to a severe wind climate. It has been designed and constructed to carry 8 lanes of road traffic and twin track heavy rail-all on a single deck.

The bridge has been equipped with a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system. The instrumentation allows the monitoring of bridge behaviour. The dehumidification of the towers, bridge deck and suspension cables is also monitored. The ambient weather conditions including wind velocity, humidity and seismic activity are recorded.

This paper gives an overview of the inspection and maintenance regime. It also describes the observed performance of the bridge against its predicted behaviour.
Einstein - Risk-Based Decision Model for the Determination of Optimized Maintenance Intervention Schedules for Infrastructure
Authors: Veit-Egerer Robert , Widmann Monika , Achs Günther , Rajek Joachim , Weninger-Wycudil Alfred , Stefan Christian , Litzka Johann
Published: February 2021

The aim of the research project EINSTEIN was the development of a technology prototype for the optimization of maintenance strategies for traffic infrastructure based on risk management principles. In addition to the current condition based structural maintenance planning it was aspired to broaden mid-term budget forecasting for existing infrastructure based on the developed risk models in order to evaluate the impact of different maintenance strategies and methodological approaches in terms of direct and indirect Life Cycle Costs. Subsequently the results of this analysis are used to determine the most favourable option from the operational and economic point of view in terms of calculated Life Cycle Management (LCM) proposals. The developed models were implemented into an asset management application and tested by means of two pilot projects for road and railway infrastructure for both clients - ASFINAG (Federal Austrian Highways) and ÖBB (Federal Austrian Railways). The current publication focuses on the comparative analysis of 90 railway bridges along a track section of 54km length.
Development of An Exposure Model for Bridge Structures in Northern Algeria
Authors: Abarca Andrés , Monteiro Ricardo
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the use of large scale seismic risk assessment has become increasingly popular to evaluate the fragility of a specific region to an earthquake event, through the convolution of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. These studies tend to focus on the building stock of the region and sometimes neglect the evaluation of the infrastructure, which has great importance when determining the ability of a social group to attend to a disaster and to eventually resume normal activities. This study, developed within the scope of the EU-funded project ITERATE (Improved Tools for Disaster Risk Mitigation in Algeria), focuses on the proposal of an exposure model for bridge structures in Northern Algeria. The proposed model was developed using existing national data surveys, as well as satellite information and field observations. As a result, the location and detailed characterization of a significant share of the Algeria roadway bridge inventory was developed, as well as the definition of a taxonomy that is able to classify the most common structural systems used in Algerian bridge construction. The outcome of this study serves as input to estimate the fragility of the bridge infrastructure inventory and, furthermore, to the overall risk assessment of the Northern Algerian region. Such fragility model will, in turn, enable the evaluation of earthquake scenarios at a regional scale and provide valuable information to decision makers for the implementation of risk mitigation measures.
Dimensioning the Flexural Strengthening of Concrete Slabs with Textile Reinforced Mortar - Litterature Data Evaluation
Authors: Muresan Alex-Manuel , Zwicky Daia
Published: February 2021

When strengthening reinforced concrete slabs with textile reinforced mortars (TRM), the “correct”
consideration of the global bond behaviour between textile and cementitious matrix is identified as
the main challenge in determining the most appropriate global analytical model. The first model
evaluated here is based on classical assumptions for structural concrete design. The second model,
as another extreme assumption, is completely neglecting textile bond in the cracked zone, thus
assuming it as unbonded, end-anchored, external reinforcement. The third model is based on the
simplifying assumption of the textile reinforcement being only significantly activated when the
internal steel reinforcement is yielding. Analytical results from these approaches are compared to a
database containing more than 130 test results reported in literature, and are statistically evaluated.
Herstal Viaducts, Complete Program of Refurbishment, Strengthening and Upgrading of Existing Structures
Authors: Thonon Pascal , Salmon Arnaud , Aydogdu Abdurrahman
Published: February 2021

Since the 60’s, the structures of Herstal Viaducts have suffered from a dysfunction of expansion joints,
drainage system and been exposed to a high level of corrosion. On top, existing road layout, without
shoulders and insertion/deceleration lanes at connection to existing junctions, lead to an unsatisfactory level
of safety. During 2012, Belgian road directorate (S.P.W.) has developed and implemented an extensive
inspection plan and design program to assess the existing structures. An important public works contract has
been awarded early 2014 to refurbish, strengthen and upgrade the existing viaducts.
Operation and maintenance of Impressed Current Cathodic Protection
systems on concrete civil structures
Authors: Jansson Jacob Brink , Sørensen Ruth , Riis Kirsten
Published: February 2021

Cathodic protection is a very well-known method of preventing or stopping reinforcement
corrosion and thereby extending the service life of reinforced concrete civil structures. However, a
number of factors, which among others are design, materials and components, installation
methods, quality of workmanship, and operation and maintenance of the cathodic protection
system, have influence on the functionality and effectivity of the cathodic protection system. The
optimum design that fulfils the Client''s requirements to cost, traffic disruption, service life, etc.
shall be determined in accordance with the structure layout and the ability of the Client''s
organisation to conduct operation and maintenance. It is critical to ensure that all components are
installed properly to achieve the expected service life of the system. Regular and correct operation
and maintenance is also crucial to ensure the functionality and effectivity system.
Optimal Maintenance of Suspension Bridge Cable Systems
Authors: Melén J. Fredrik , Bloomstine Matthew L.
Published: February 2021

Suspension bridges are iconic, large, complex and unique structures with great public value. The
main cables on suspension bridges are difficult to inspect and maintain and are virtually
irreplaceable, although this has been done in two cases at extreme cost. Maintaining the main
cables in an optimal manner is therefore of utmost importance. When developing an optimal
maintenance strategy for the main cables, other related elements should be considered and
included in the strategy, hence the entire cable system is the topic for this paper. Maintenance of
the cable system is relatively expensive, but the costs can be minimized if an optimal maintenance
strategy is developed and followed. The main goal of the maintenance strategy is to keep the
bridge open at full traffic capacity at all times with the proper safety level and to do so at the
lowest cost possible.
Successful Strengthening Concepts of Bridges in Germany
Authors: Retzepis Ioannis
Published: February 2021

The current focus in Germany is more on strengthening and retrofitting of existing infrastructures
than on their renewal. This approach, which has been enforced by the government in the last
decades, leads to sustainable infrastructure and takes into account the limited natural and financial
resources. Consequently, many concepts for strengthening have been developed and applied in
many cases with great success. Because every existing structure is unique, an individual retrofitting
concept has to be developed for each and every case. However, well established strengthening and
retrofitting concepts can be applied by implementing modifications.
A simplified displacement based seismic Loss Assessment method for reinforced concrete bridges
Authors: Del Grosso Andrea , Cademartori Marcello , Basso Paolo , Osmani Saimir
Published: February 2021

For the effective management and maintenance of a transport network, it is important to identify
the most at-risk bridges within the network and subsequently to identify the expected losses in case
of seismic event. The risk assessment process adopted for this purpose usually makes use of fragility
functions obtained from a simplified displacement-based assessment (DBA) procedure and loss
models that may be either simple empirical expressions or bridge-specific expressions developed
from time-consuming non-linear dynamic analyses. Moreover, the use of simplified loss models is
investigated in order to make the loss assessment process applicable to infrastructure networks or
large portfolio of bridges. One of the specific features of this paper is the investigation of the state
of the art methodologies in seismic loss assessment of bridges and the applicability of simplified loss
models.
Reduced Partial Factors for Assessment in UK Assessment Standards
Authors: Hendy C. R. , Man L. S. , Mitchell R. P. , Takano H.
Published: February 2021

Design standards are based upon a range of input variables for resistance, action and modelling. The
distribution type and parameters for each determine the partial factors appropriate to achieve a
defined reliability level over a specified reference period. For assessment a reduced reliability level
may be accepted due to the greater cost of providing reliability through strengthening when
compared to the cost of providing it at design. This would allow the use of lower partial factors,
although they are still limited by the need to provide a minimum level for human safety. Adoption
of this approach for assessment would have significant benefits for an ageing UK infrastructure by
reducing the need to carry out costly strengthening and retrofitting schemes whilst still ensuring
appropriate structural reliability levels are maintained. This paper presents a study investigating
appropriate reduced partial factors to be applied through UK assessment standards, the sensitivity
of these values to input distribution model assumptions, and how they could be implemented in
industry.
A Variation Model Method for Real Time System Identification in Bridge Health Monitoring
Authors: Trung Ngoc , Luu  , Hamdan Al‐Hakam , Polter Michael , Scherer Raimar J. , Mansperger Tobias
Published: February 2021

The Structural Health Monitoring of bridge structures is becoming increasingly important. Due to
new developments in the field of sensor and data processing technology, a new method will be
introduced, which enables prognosis of the bridge lifespan through system identification based on
the monitoring process. Therefore, the damages of the bridge, which are modelled in an appropriate
damage model, will be linked with its BIM Model. The damage data will then be variated by using a
separate Variation Model. Using this method results in the automatized creation of numerous input
models for mass simulation. This forms the basis for a multi‐stage procedure, which identifies the
structural bridge state by using the simulation results for a numerical best‐fit method. Thereby
engineers can utilize the evaluated models to make more precise decisions and improve the
Structural Health Monitoring of bridge structures.
Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring System of Osmangazi Bridge (Turkey)
Authors: Berardis Stefano , Donisi Domenico
Published: February 2021

Osmangazi Bridge is a suspended cables bridge located in the eastern end of Marmara Sea. It is the fourth suspended bridge in the word in terms of length of the central span (1550 m).

RINA Consulting was involved in the detailed design and supply of a distributed and
interconnected network of hybrid sensors that provides a real-time monitoring of the structural
condition of the Bridge during its operative life. Various types of sensors have been installed to
provide an overall monitoring of the most important physical parameters.

The monitoring system is integrated with the SCADA by means of dedicated management
software. The implemented monitoring methodology offers the possibility to real-time assess the
integrity of the structure without using visual inspections, which is of great advantage especially in
areas where accessibility is limited or unfeasible.
The Structural Health Monitoring System of the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge
Authors: Farreras-Alcover Isaac , Egede Andersen Jacob , Vineyard Preston
Published: February 2021

The Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge, also known as the New NY Bridge is a twin cable-stayed
bridge that replaces the Tappan Zee Bridge, in the USA. The bridge is equipped with a Structural
Health Monitoring System (SHMS) consisting of more than 400 sensors deployed at relevant
locations. The sensors capture environmental and operational conditions as well as the associated
structural responses. The system is designed to process monitoring data to support data-driven
management of the bridge. This is achieved through the system''s different functionalities, which
include real-time data visualization via an on-line graphical user interface, customized data
processing routines, alert notifications whenever data-based thresholds are exceeded, automatic
reporting of pre-defined parameters and characterization of structural responses during extreme
events. The present paper describes, as a case-study, the motivation, architecture, functionalities
and installation aspects of the SHMS.
The Anchorage, An Unexpected Journey
Authors: Maglica Adriano
Published: February 2021

The Älvsborg Bridge was opened to traffic in 1966. The Bridge was built between 1963 and 1966 and the bridge has undergone rehabilitation and improvement during its lifetime. The secondary hangers have been exchanged and dehumidification have been installed on the cables. Railing separating pedestrians and vehicles has been improved and the waterproofing is undergoing exchange.

During a routine inspection of dehumidification, aug 2016, an anchorage failure was observed. In the north west anchorage one of the fiftyfive lock coil cables was spotted laying on the bottom of the spreading chamber.

A number of inspections and investigations including endoscope inspections and safety calculation has been performed. Short term measurements and long term has been evaluated. Starting from limited knowledge of the condition the owner, Swedish Transport Administration (STA) now has a good picture of the condition and plans for repairs.

The damage highlights the need of inspection methods of “non inspectable” parts on bridges from the past as well as needs to design inspectable solutions on critical bridge parts in the future.
Diez años de investigaciones en cubiertas vegetadas de tipo extensivo. Una síntesis de los resultados obtenidos
Authors:   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Rosatto H. , Moyano G. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Cazorla L. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Meyer M. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Laureda D. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Pérez D. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bargiela M. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Gamboa P. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Olivieri A. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Sbarra G. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Aulestia M. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Epstein Y. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Viceconte F. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Simonyan M. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Requejo I. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Daniel A. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Miranda B. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Rocca C. ,   Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Published: February 2021

Las Cubiertas Vegetadas (CV), al ser una de las prácticas de los Sistemas Urbanos de Drenaje Sostenible SUDS recomendadas internacionalmente, pueden ser un recurso beneficioso, para la urbanización creciente, a la que Argentina no es ajena. En este trabajo se presenta una síntesis de los resultados obtenidos en los últimos diez años de investigación en CV, destacando los datos hallados para el sitio de estudio.
RECENT ADVANCES IN OPTICAL NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES AND ITS ROLE IN TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY
Authors: Shahi Bimlendu , Jha Divya , N D Dushyanth , D Suresh
Published: February 2021

Optical networking technology has been advancing swiftly for some decades now. The high bandwidth and low attenuation features of fiber optics has made it the major element of telecommunication infrastructure. To achieve the ever-growing demand of data in telecommunication industry, researchers have explored various networking technologies in optical domain as well as advanced equipment and programmability, boosting transmission up to gigabit and beyond. This paper reviews various optical communication technologies, recent advances in optical network, it’s role in telecommunication industry and its challenges.
SMART STORAGE WITH WEB SERVER INTERFACED
Authors: Dharshan Deepu , S Supritha , D S Suma , Kumar Vinay
Published: February 2021

Smart storage with web server interfaced is the new trend which takes leap and puts effort in saving lives. It works by connecting all devices together to give the required stock update. This can be used in many places where stock can’t be updated manually and given to the customers. Our product will make this happen which maintains a healthy relationship between customers, retailers and the production house. It is designed to overcome the present method which we consider to be traditional. Traditional method is the manual updating of stocks which isn’t retailer or consumer friendly. Our product is designed in such a way that the stocks are auto updated with least human interaction.
COMPARISON OF WIRELESS NETWORK OVER WIRED NETWORK AND ITS TYPE
Authors: Shukla Shikha , K M Meghana , C R Manjunath , Naik Santosh
Published: February 2021

Wireless network has become one of the major requirements in today world. People expect wireless network in home, shopping mall, university etc. Nowadays, we cannot imagine the life without network.   In this paper focuses on what the different types of networks are. Why wired network is preferred over wireless network. We will further compare the wired network with the wireless network and also present different type of wireless network. This paper provides the basic knowledge about Wired, Wireless, Wireless LAN, and WIMAX network. Comparison between wired and wireless has been performed with respect to different factor such as Reliability, Visibility, installation etc. Comparison proves that wireless network is better than wired network when compared with respect to mobility, Cost, Reliability.