bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluid and electrolyte pathophysiology in common febrile illness in children and the implications for clinical management
Authors: Smith Clare Ruth , Chua Poh , Papaioannou Catherine , Warrier Ranjana , Nolan Gregory J G , Hsiao Yu-Feng Frank , Duke Trevor
Published: August 2024

Achieving fluid homeostasis and the management of fluid and electrolyte complications are constants in the treatment of seriously ill children worldwide. Consensus on the most appropriate fluid strategy for unwell children has been difficult to achieve and has evolved over the last two decades, most notably in high-income countries where adverse events relating to poor fluid management were identified more readily, and official robust inquiries were possible. However, this has not been the situation in many low-income settings where fluids that are prohibited from use in high-income countries may be all that are available, local guidelines and processes to recognise adverse events are not developed, and there has been limited training on safe fluid management for front-line healthcare workers. This narrative review outlines the fluid and electrolyte pathophysiology of common febrile illnesses in children, describes the evolution of this field and concludes with implications and principles of a fluid management strategy for seriously ill children. This review was prepared as a physiological background paper to support evidence presented to the WHO Guideline Development Group for Fluid Guidelines in Children, Geneva, March 2024.
Probiotics-relatedClostridium butyricumbacteraemia after COVID-19, confirmed by whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Kawamoto Yuya , Suzuki Masahiro , Iwata Mitsunaga , Uehara Yuki
Published: August 2024

A man in his 70s was admitted to an intensive care unit with severe COVID-19 and treated with dexamethasone and tocilizumab. After recovery from COVID-19, he developedClostridium butyricumbacteraemia and non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia, with fatal outcome. He had been prescribedC. butyricumMIYAIRI 588 fine granules as probiotics for a month. The genome sequences of theC. butyricumisolate from the blood culture andC. butyricumMIYAIRI 588 fine granules were identical by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. This is the first case of definitive probiotics-relatedC. butyricumbacteraemia after treatment of severe COVID-19.
Reflecting on the quality of a methodologically pluralist evaluation of a large-scale Indigenous health research collaboration in Australia
Authors: Bailie Jodie , Matthews Veronica , Laycock Alison Frances , Conte Kathleen , Feeney Lynette , Bainbridge Roxanne
Published: August 2024

Background

Indigenous communities worldwide lead calls for all evaluations of research, programmes and policies affecting their communities to reflect the values, priorities and perspectives of the Indigenous peoples and communities involved. Tools, such as the Quality Appraisal Tool (QAT), are available to assess research quality through an Indigenous cultural lens. Good evaluation requires that evaluation efforts be evaluated. We found that critical reflection on the quality of evaluations from an Indigenous perspective is largely absent from the published literature. To ensure that we strive for quality in evaluation as determined by Indigenous people with whom we work, we examined the quality of our own evaluation of an Indigenous health research collaboration by conducting a reflexive dialogue.

Methods

The QAT was used to assess our evaluation according to Indigenous health research principles. Our qualitative study used analytical coautoethnography to generate data through a series of reflexive dialogue sessions with Indigenous and non-Indigenous members of the research collaboration, using the QAT criteria as discussion prompts. Our ideas and reflections were compared and contrasted through a collaborative and iterative writing process, multiple review cycles and discussions.

Results

We documented our findings against the QAT framework. We found examples that each QAT principle had, to some extent, been adhered to, but constantly needed to assess whether the principles were fully achieved to our satisfaction. Strengths of the evaluation included being adaptable and responsive to emerging issues for the research collaboration, while areas for improvement included more Indigenous leadership of, and involvement in, evaluation.

Conclusions

Although reflexive evaluation practice is not always comfortable, it does provide an opportunity to generate insights for improvement. Reflecting as we did—in a partnership between Indigenous and non-Indigenous colleagues—enabled deeper insights and meaning. We anticipate that our process models how other research in Indigenous contexts might better advance ethical, quality Indigenous research through working in collaboration with Indigenous researchers and communities.
High prevalence of erectile dysfunction in male patients with acute stroke was associated with age but not to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Schjørring Christel Baagø , Eddelien Heidi Shil , Butt Jawad Haider , Kruuse Christina
Published: August 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) and stroke share common risk factors, and symptoms of ED often precede the development of clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about how ED is associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in patients who had a stroke and if concomitant ED is a marker of more severe CVD.

Aims

We aimed to identify the prevalence of ED and CV risk factors in patients admitted with a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Further, we wanted to test if self-reported ED associated with presence of CV risk factors, and if patients with ED had increased stroke severity compared with patients without ED.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of data retrieved in a cross-sectional survey from two non-comprehensive stroke units in Denmark. Multiple logistic regression adjusted for covariates was performed to investigate the association between CV risk factors and self-reported ED.

Results

We included 287 male patients of which 116 (40.4%) had self-reported ED. Advanced age was significantly associated with self-reported ED (reference ≤60 years: OR 3.93, 95% CI 1.84 to 8.37 for men 71–80 years and OR 4.61, 95% CI 1.92 to 11.08 for men >80 years). Self-reported ED was not significantly associated with CV risk factors or stroke severity.

Discussion

Four in 10 men with acute stroke or TIA reported to have ED prior to their stroke, and this was associated with age rather than CV risk factors. Hence, self-reported ED was not restricted to the CVD load, nor was ED a risk marker for increased stroke severity. However, our population was of high age with well-established CVD, and the presence of ED may be a stroke risk marker in younger patients who had a stroke. Based on the prevalence, potential treatment of ED should be addressed in stroke recovery.
Tinnitus and cardiovascular disease: the population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016)
Authors: Ausland Jannike Heyerdahl-Larsen , Engdahl Bo , Oftedal Bente , Hopstock Laila A , Johnsen Magnar , Krog Norun Hjertager
Published: August 2024

Introduction

People with tinnitus are likely to have other co-occurring disorders that should be considered when diagnosing and understanding tinnitus as a health problem. The association between tinnitus and cardiovascular health in the general population is, however, unclear. This study aimed to examine whether tinnitus is associated with the prevalence of hypertension, myocardial infarction or stroke, in the general adult population.

Methods

We used data from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study, a comprehensive population-based health study carried out in 2015–2016. All inhabitants aged ≥40 years in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway, (n=32 591) were invited, of which 21 083 individuals (65%), aged 40–99, participated. Poisson regression was used to analyse the relationships between tinnitus and cardiovascular disease, while adjusting for relevant covariates. We used three separate tinnitus variables as exposures in analyses: (1) ‘tinnitus status’, measured with the question ‘During the last 12 months, have you experienced ringing in your ears lasting more than five min?’; (2) ‘tinnitus symptom intensity’, generated as a function of tinnitus frequentness and tinnitus bother; and (3) ‘tinnitus bother’, analysed only among participants with tinnitus. Hypertension (measured blood pressure and/or self-reported use of antihypertensives), and self-reported myocardial infarction and stroke were the outcomes of analyses.

Results

Analyses of the complete sample (n=17 288, 51.2% women), in fully adjusted models, revealed non-significant and very weak associations between tinnitus status and all three cardiovascular outcomes (prevalence ratios (PRs): 1.04–1.11), while for tinnitus symptom intensity, we found significant positive associations between low-intensity tinnitus and hypertension (PR: 1.08, 95% CI: (1.01 to 1.16) and myocardial infarction (PR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.81). Among participants with tinnitus (n=3570), there were no associations between tinnitus bother and cardiovascular outcomes.

Conclusions

Results from the present study indicate that there is a weak association between tinnitus and cardiovascular disease and that tinnitus should be taken seriously even at low intensities.
Developing a community-based model of care for venipuncture in children and young adults with an intellectual disability: a retrospective study
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Passarello Larissa , O’Hea Catherine , Lai Teresa , Reid Natasha , Farrell Bridget
Published: August 2024

Background

Regular blood tests for monitoring metabolic side effects are often unable to be collected for people with an intellectual/developmental disability (ID/DD) and challenging behaviours (CBs) using usual pathways. We aimed to develop a model of care to facilitate venipuncture for children and young adults with ID/DD and CBs.

Methods

A systematic tiered model of care was developed for venipuncture to suit the individual needs of children and young adults with ID/DD and CBs. A partnership was formed by the disability health team with a community pathology service provider. An observational retrospective study of the baseline demographic data, severity of disability and diagnosis, oral sedation requirement, and outcome data on the success/failure of venipuncture was done.

Results

14 children (mean (SD), 12.8 (3.1) years) had 17 attempted venipuncture with ‘reasonable adjustments’ such as preparation with social stories, distraction, low sensory strategies and oral sedation at school clinics. 14 (82%) attempts were successful. After the success of the pilot programme at school, venipuncture was replicated in settings such as home, day programmes, pathology centres and a respite facility. 16 people with ID/DD and CBs (mean (SD)17.3 (3.7) years), had 14 successful venipuncture performed out of 18 attempts (success rate, 77.7%). Overall, 11 attempts (31.4%) succeeded without requiring oral sedation using only reasonable adjustments. 16 attempts (45.7%) succeeded with conscious oral sedation along with reasonable adjustments. Of those 16, 10 required olanzapine (5 mg), 1 required olanzapine (10 mg), 1 required combination of risperidone (1 mg) and diazepam (5 mg), 1 required clonazepam (2.5 mg) and olanzapine (5 mg), 1 required combination of olanzapine (10 mg) and diazepam (10 mg), 1 required combination of olanzapine (10 mg) and diazepam (5 mg) while 1 required only diazepam (5 mg). One had to be switched to the tier-3 pathway.

Conclusion

A model of care was developed to ensure compassionate and non-stressful venipuncture for children and young adults with disabilities. We demonstrated that a significant proportion of carefully selected children and young adults with ID/DD and CBs, considered ‘challenging for blood collection’ can have venipuncture performed successfully in non-hospital settings using ‘reasonable adjustments’ and oral sedation.
Prognostic implications, genomic and immune characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma with lepidic growth pattern
Authors: Li Yue , Chen Donglai , Xu Yi , Ding Qifeng , Xu Xuejun , Li Yongzhong , Mi Yedong , Chen Yongbing
Published: August 2024

Aims

Conflicting data were provided regarding the prognostic impact and genomic features of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with lepidic growth pattern (LP+A). Delineation of the genomic and immune characteristics of LP+A could provide deeper insights into its prognostic implications and treatment determination.

Methods

We conducted a search of articles in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 2024. A domestic cohort consisting of 52 LUAD samples was subjected to whole-exome sequencing as internal validation. Data from The Cancer Genomic Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were obtained to characterise the genomic and immune profiles of LP+A. Pooled HRs and rates were calculated.

Results

The pooled results indicated that lepidic growth pattern was either predominant (0.35, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.56, p<0.01) or minor (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.70, p<0.01) histological subtype was associated with favourable disease-free survival. Pooled gene mutation rates suggested higher EGFR mutation (0.55, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.64, p<0.01) and lower KRAS mutation (0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25, p=0.02) in lepidic-predominant LUAD. Lepidic-predominant LUAD had lower tumour mutation burden and pooled positive rate of PD-L1 expression compared with other subtypes. LP+A was characterised by abundance in resting CD4+memory T cells, monocytes and γδ T cells, as well as scarcity of cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Conclusions

LP+A was a unique histological subtype with a higher EGFR mutation rate, lower tumour mutation burden and immune checkpoint expression levels. Our findings suggested potential benefits from targeted therapy over immunotherapy in LP+A.
Risk scores and coronary artery disease in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and intermediate cardiac troponin concentrations
Authors: Perez-Vicencio Daniel , Thurston Alexander J F , Doudesis Dimitrios , O'Brien Rachel , Ferry Amy , Fujisawa Takeshi , Williams Michelle Claire , Gray Alasdair J , Mills Nicholas L , Lee Kuan Ken
Published: August 2024

Background

Guidelines recommend the use of risk scores to select patients for further investigation after myocardial infarction has been ruled out but their utility to identify those with coronary artery disease is uncertain.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, patients with intermediate high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations (5 ng/L to sex-specific 99th percentile) in whom myocardial infarction was ruled out were enrolled and underwent coronary CT angiography (CCTA) after hospital discharge. History, ECG, Age, Risk factors, Troponin (HEART), Emergency Department Assessment of Chest Pain Score (EDACS), Global Registry of Acute Coronary Event (GRACE), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 and Pooled Cohort Equation risk scores were calculated and the odds ratio (OR) and diagnostic performance for obstructive coronary artery disease were determined using established thresholds.

Results

Of 167 patients enrolled (64±12 years, 28% female), 29.9% (50/167) had obstructive coronary artery disease. The odds of having obstructive disease were increased for all scores with the lowest and highest increase observed for an EDACS score ≥16 (OR 2.2 (1.1–4.6)) and a TIMI risk score ≥1 (OR 12.9 (3.0–56.0)), respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was low for all scores but was highest for a GRACE score >88 identifying 39% as high risk with a PPV of 41.9% (30.4–54.2%). The negative predictive value (NPV) varied from 77.3% to 95.2% but was highest for a TIMI score of 0 identifying 26% as low risk with an NPV of 95.2% (87.2–100%).

Conclusions

In patients with intermediate cardiac troponin concentrations in whom myocardial infarction has been excluded, clinical risk scores can help identify patients with and without coronary artery disease, although the performance of established risk thresholds is suboptimal for utilisation in clinical practice.

Trial registration number

NCT04549805.
General analysis of Noether symmetries in Horndeski gravity
Authors: Miranda Marcello , Capozziello Salvatore , Vernieri Daniele
Published: August 2024

We explore Noether symmetries of Horndeski gravity, extending the classification of general scalar–tensor theories. Starting from the minimally coupled scalar field and the first-generation scalar–tensor gravity, the discussion is generalised to kinetic gravity braiding and Horndeski gravity. We highlight the main findings by focusing on the non-minimally coupled Gauss–Bonnet term and the extended cuscuton model. Finally, we discuss how the presence of matter can influence Noether symmetries. It turns out that the selected Horndeski functions are unchanged with respect to the vacuum case.
RESEARCH ON DIGITAL ECONOMY AND GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH OF CHINA’S INDUSTRY AND SPATIAL EFFECTS
Authors: TANG WAN , LAN QINGXIN
Published: August 2024

This paper evaluates the impact and role of digital economy on industrial green total factor productivity based on the perspective of China’s industrial green transformation and provides a realistic basis and decision-making reference for industrial green transformation. This paper constructs the industrial green total factor productivity and digital economy development index of 30 provinces from 2013 to 2019, and empirically tests the spatial-temporal evolution relationship between them and the impact of digital economy on industrial green development by using time-fixed effect and spatial Durbin model. The results show that the digital economy and industrial green total factor productivity digital economy are unevenly developed, basically showing a distribution trend of high in the east and low in the west, and the two have a significant positive spatial correlation in the years observed. The results of local spatial autocorrelation analysis show that there is a high clustering of digital economy and total factor productivity in the eastern coastal region and low clustering in the western region. The regional heterogeneity analysis shows that the development of digital economy is beneficial to optimize the distortion of capital and labor allocation and thus improve industrial green total factor productivity, but the indirect effect of digital economy on industrial green total factor productivity is not significant and the direct effect plays a dominant role.
In Vitro and In Silico Anthelmintic Activity of Extracts of Lannea kerstingii and Ficus thonningii on Heligmosomoides polygyrus
Authors: Serena Ndjinkeu Ntcheuzing , Besati Masoud , Nadia Noumedem Anangmo Christelle , Yaghoobi Mahdi , Cédric Yamssi , Ciancia Claire , Sidiki Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar , Payne Vincent Khan , Mbida Mpoame , Hu Haibo
Published: August 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the anthelmintic activity of Lannea kerstingii and Ficus thonningii, on a nematode model, to promote their use in the Cameroonian pharmacopoeia for the treatment of helminthiases.

Methods: One nematode was used, Heligmosomoides polygyrus. First, the effect of the extracts on the eggs and larval stages (L1, L2, and L3) of H. polygyrus was evaluated, 100 μL of extract and 100 μL of parasite suspension (containing 50 eggs) were mixed in a 96‐well microplate. The 96‐well microplate was incubated for 20 h at 25°C in the WMicroTracker which measures the motility of the worms at various concentrations. Finally, docking studies were conducted by using the Glide module in Schrodinger Maestro.

Results: The ethanolic extract of L. kerstingii with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.1371 mg/mL produced a higher ovicidal effect than the effect produced by other extracts of these plants. However, with an IC50 of 0.31 mg/mL, the aqueous extract of F. thonningii showed the greatest effect on the L2 stage. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of L. kerstingii and F. thonningii inhibited the development of the L3 larvae of H. polygyrus with a better effect for the ethanolic extracts.

Conclusion: The use of L. kerstingii and F. thonningii for the treatment of helminthiasis has been proved in vitro and in silico by this research. However, more research is required, especially on the acute toxicity and in vivo anthelmintic efficacy to validate this scientific investigation.
The Economic Burden of Brucellosis Care in China: Socioeconomic Status Inequality
Authors: He Hai-Bo , Lu Qiao-Shan , Wang Lian-Lian , Aishan Muhetal , Zhao Jiang-Shan , Tang Xian-Yan , Zhu Man-Tong , Reheman Milikam , Chen Qiu-Lan , Zhang Yan-Ping
Published: August 2024

The economic burden of brucellosis care on patients can lead to significant financial strain, despite partial coverage by medical insurance. However, there is limited research on the out‐of‐pocket costs faced by brucellosis patients. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the costs and out‐of‐pocket expenses of brucellosis care, specifically examining the varying socioeconomic status of patients in Xinjiang, China. We collected cost and demographic data from 563 respondents and their hospital bills and employed latent variable analysis to assess socioeconomic status. The majority of patients belonged to the middle and lower socioeconomic status categories (85.97%), and they were primarily farmers and herders (82.77%). The median direct cost per brucellosis episode was USD 688.65, with out‐of‐pocket expenses amounting to USD 391.44. These costs exceeded both the 2020 Xinjiang and national per capita health expenditures (USD 233.66 and USD 267.21, respectively). Notably, the overall medical reimbursement rate was 48.60%, and for outpatient costs, it was merely 12.82%. Despite higher out‐of‐pocket costs among high socioeconomic status patients, the percentage of income spent was higher (37.23%) for patients in the lower socioeconomic status group compared to other groups (16.25% and 12.96%). In conclusion, our findings highlight that brucellosis patients are predominantly from the middle and lower socioeconomic status, with high out‐of‐pocket expenses placing them under significant financial pressure. Moreover, there is notable inequity in economic consequences across different socioeconomic status groups. These results call for policy interventions aimed at reducing brucellosis‐related poverty and promoting equitable access to care.
Study on the Deformation Law of the Embankment with Alluvial Fill in the Lower Yellow River
Authors: Ma Chuanyi , Li Xuanzheng , Wang Chuan , Deng Daojun , Xie Quanyi , Lv Gaohang
Published: August 2024

In the dredging of the Yellow River, a common practice involves extracting alluvial fill from the river and depositing it on the rear side of the embankment, serving the dual purpose of river dredging and reinforcing the embankment. Nevertheless, there are few studies on the consolidation of alluvial fill extracted from the Yellow River. In this paper, laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the change in hydraulic conductivity during the consolidation process of the alluvial fill. Besides, a numerical model was established to investigate the dissipation law of excess pore water pressure and the settlement law of layered consolidation of alluvial fill. According to the research, the main conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) During the consolidation process of the alluvial fill, the hydraulic conductivity exhibited a linear decline as the consolidation pressure increased. (2) The consolidation speed under the variable hydraulic conductivity case is lower than that on the condition when the hydraulic conductivity is constant. (3) In layered construction, the consolidation rate of alluvial fill decelerates with the augmentation of layers. Additionally, the dissipation rate of pore water pressure at the top of the alluvial fill surpasses that at the bottom. (4) Setting a geotextile mat can accelerate the consolidation speed and shorten the consolidation time of alluvial fill by 8.3%–30%.
Probiotic Chocolate Containing Lactobacillus plantarum Dad‐13 Alters the Gut Microbiota Composition of Undernourished Children in Lombok: A Randomized Double‐Blind Trial
Authors: Rahayu Endang S. , Yoga Wahyu K. , Komalasari Husnita , Mariyatun Mariyatun , Yuda Wednes A. , Manurung Nancy E. P. , Hasan Pratama N. , Suharman Suharman , Pamungkaningtyas Fathyah H. , Nurfiana Dina A. , Pramesi Putrika C. , Gatya Mifta , Therdtatha Phatthanaphong , Nakayama Jiro , Juffrie Mohammad , Djaafar Titiek F. , Marwati Tri , Utami Tyas
Published: August 2024

The present study investigated the ingestion effect of chocolate probiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum Dad‐13 in undernourished children. A 100‐day observation was conducted on undernourished children in Lombok, who were divided into probiotic (n = 28) and placebo (n = 28) groups. Fecal sampling was performed on the 10th and 100th days and further analyzed for gut microbiota composition, short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA), and fecal pH. A significant difference was found in the diversity index, fecal pH, and several microbiotas at the phylum and genus levels. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was significantly higher in the probiotic group, and a higher relative abundance (RA) of Firmicutes was found in the placebo group. At the genus level, significant differences were observed in some bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Prevotella. Therefore, it can be concluded that the probiotic intervention in this study resulted in changes of gut microbiota diversity and fecal pH.

Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry identifier: TCTR20220425001
Data from Sacituzumab Govitecan Demonstrates Efficacy across Tumor Trop-2 Expression Levels in Patients with Advanced Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Loriot Yohann , Balar Arjun V. , Petrylak Daniel P. , Kalebasty Arash R. , Grivas Petros , Fléchon Aude , Jain Rohit K. , Swami Umang , Bupathi Manojkumar , Barthélémy Philippe , Beuzeboc Philippe , Palmbos Phillip , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Pouessel Damien , Sternberg Cora N. , Tonelli Julia , Sierecki Mitch , Zavodovskaya Marianna , Elboudwarej Emon , Diehl Lauri , Jürgensmeier Juliane M. , Tagawa Scott T.
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurpose:
Human trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a protein highly expressed in urothelial cancer (UC). Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a Trop-2–directed antibody drug conjugate with a hydrolysable linker and a potent SN-38 payload. This study explored Trop-2 expression in tumors treated with SG in cohorts 1 to 3 (C1–3) from the TROPHY-U-01 study and evaluated whether efficacy was associated with Trop-2 expression.
Patients and Methods:
TROPHY-U-01 (NCT03547973) is an open-label phase II study that assessed the efficacy and safety of SG (alone or in combinations) in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic UC (mUC). Archival tumor samples collected at enrollment for C1–3 were analyzed for Trop-2 membrane expression by considering histological scores (H-scores; scale 0–300) and the percentage of membrane positive tumor cells at low magnification (4×). The association of Trop-2 with clinical endpoints [objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS)] was evaluated.
Results:
In C1–3, tissue was collected from 158 (82%) of 192 treated patients, and 146 (76%) had evaluable Trop-2 data. Trop-2 was highly expressed in tumor samples. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] Trop-2 H-score was 215 (180–246), and the median (IQR) percentage of membrane positive tumor cells was 91% (80–98). Trop-2 expression at any level was observed in 98% of patients. Furthermore, ORR, PFS, and OS benefits were observed across all Trop-2 expression levels.
Conclusions:
Trop-2 protein is highly expressed in UC, as confirmed by examining tumors from patients enrolled in the TROPHY-U-01 trial. The results indicate that SG demonstrates efficacy in mUC across Trop-2 expression levels.
Supplementary Table S4 from Efficacy and Safety of Adagrasib plus Cetuximab in Patients with KRASG12C-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yaeger Rona , Uboha Nataliya V. , Pelster Meredith S. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Barve Minal , Saltzman Joel , Sabari Joshua K. , Peguero Julio A. , Paulson Andrew Scott , Jänne Pasi A. , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Anderes Kenna , Velastegui Karen , Yan Xiaohong , Der-Torossian Hirak , Klempner Samuel J. , Kopetz Scott E.
Published: August 2024

Table S4. Overall efficacy summary with adagrasib monotherapy in previously treated patients with KRASG12C-mutated unresectable or metastatic CRCa.
Supplementary Table S3 from Efficacy and Safety of Adagrasib plus Cetuximab in Patients with KRASG12C-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yaeger Rona , Uboha Nataliya V. , Pelster Meredith S. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Barve Minal , Saltzman Joel , Sabari Joshua K. , Peguero Julio A. , Paulson Andrew Scott , Jänne Pasi A. , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Anderes Kenna , Velastegui Karen , Yan Xiaohong , Der-Torossian Hirak , Klempner Samuel J. , Kopetz Scott E.
Published: August 2024

Table S3. Efficacy summary per BICR with adagrasib plus cetuximab in previously treated patients with KRASG12C-mutated unresectable or metastatic CRC, overall, and in phase 1 and phase 2 cohorts.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Efficacy and Safety of Adagrasib plus Cetuximab in Patients with KRASG12C-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yaeger Rona , Uboha Nataliya V. , Pelster Meredith S. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Barve Minal , Saltzman Joel , Sabari Joshua K. , Peguero Julio A. , Paulson Andrew Scott , Jänne Pasi A. , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Anderes Kenna , Velastegui Karen , Yan Xiaohong , Der-Torossian Hirak , Klempner Samuel J. , Kopetz Scott E.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure S2: Efficacy outcomes with adagrasib monotherapy in previously treated patients with KRASG12C-mutated unresecable or metastatic CRC.
Supplementary Appendix from Efficacy and Safety of Adagrasib plus Cetuximab in Patients with KRASG12C-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yaeger Rona , Uboha Nataliya V. , Pelster Meredith S. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Barve Minal , Saltzman Joel , Sabari Joshua K. , Peguero Julio A. , Paulson Andrew Scott , Jänne Pasi A. , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Anderes Kenna , Velastegui Karen , Yan Xiaohong , Der-Torossian Hirak , Klempner Samuel J. , Kopetz Scott E.
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Appendix: additional Methods information
Data from Efficacy and Safety of Adagrasib plus Cetuximab in Patients with KRASG12C-Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yaeger Rona , Uboha Nataliya V. , Pelster Meredith S. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios S. , Barve Minal , Saltzman Joel , Sabari Joshua K. , Peguero Julio A. , Paulson Andrew Scott , Jänne Pasi A. , Cruz-Correa Marcia , Anderes Kenna , Velastegui Karen , Yan Xiaohong , Der-Torossian Hirak , Klempner Samuel J. , Kopetz Scott E.
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Adagrasib, an irreversible, selective KRASG12C inhibitor, may be an effective treatment in KRASG12C-mutated colorectal cancer, particularly when combined with an anti-EGFR antibody. In this analysis of the KRYSTAL-1 trial, patients with previously treated KRASG12C-mutated unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer received adagrasib (600 mg twice daily) plus cetuximab. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by blinded independent central review. Ninety-four patients received adagrasib plus cetuximab. With a median follow-up of 11.9 months, ORR was 34.0%, disease control rate was 85.1%, and median duration of response was 5.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2–7.6). Median progression-free survival was 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.7–7.4) and median overall survival was 15.9 months (95% CI, 11.8–18.8). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in all patients; grade 3–4 in 27.7% and no grade 5. No TRAEs led to adagrasib discontinuation. Exploratory analyses suggest circulating tumor DNA may identify features of response and acquired resistance.
Significance:
Adagrasib plus cetuximab demonstrates promising clinical activity and tolerable safety in heavily pretreated patients with unresectable or metastatic KRASG12C-mutated colorectal cancer. These data support a potential new standard of care and highlight the significance of testing and identification of KRASG12C mutations in patients with colorectal cancer.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 897

See co-corresponding author Rona Yaeger discuss this research article, published simultaneously at the AACR Annual Meeting 2024: https://vimeo.com/932606282/f27a6e46f4
End of Life Wealth Portfolios in the Netherlands in 1921: The Memories Database
Authors: Peeters Ruben L. , de Vicq Amaury
Published: August 2024

This article introduces a newly constructed database: the Memories 1921 Dataset. The database is a representative sample drawn from the Tafel v-bis Dataset and consists of complete inheritance taxation records for 2,321 individuals who died in 1921. To increase the amount of information about these individuals, the authors connected the Memories 1921 Dataset to the original Tafel v-bis Dataset. This added information about the name, birthplace, place of residence, age, marital status, and profession of the deceased to his or her wealth portfolio. The database is open access and available via the Social Sciences and Digital Humanities Archive (sodha).
How Should the European Court of Human Rights Remedy Violations of Article 18 echr? The Case for Remedial Realignment
Authors: Finnerty Joseph
Published: August 2024

This article assesses whether the European Court of Human Right’s (Court) remedial reasoning in Article 18 European Convention on Human Rights (Convention) judgments coheres with the Court’s merits-based reasoning finding a violation of this particular provision. Article 18 violations have come to highlight structural problems in state parties, most notably complicity from domestic judiciaries and/or state prosecutors in state efforts to restrict Convention rights for anti-democratic ulterior purposes. The article finds that this substantive feature of Article 18 violations does not generally extend to the Court’s approach to formulating remedies and that the Article 18 violation judgments evidence the same remedial oversight generally present in the Court’s broader case law. The article argues, however, that the Court’s remedial approach in Article 18 violation judgments should be highly prescriptive and specific in respect of both individual and general measures on account of the reality that Article 18 serves both individual and constitutional justice and engages the positive dimension of subsidiarity.
Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model for Bio-Convective Radiative Eyring-Powell Nanofluid with Viscous-Ohmic Dissipation and Magnetic Dipole Impacts
Authors: Jabeen Kanwal , Mushtaq Muhammad , Azam Fatima
Published: August 2024

In this work we studied the solutions of the bio-convected Eyring-Powell nanofluid involving gyrotactic micro-organisms in the presence of viscous-ohmic dissipation, double diffusion, and magnetic field over a stretched sheet under the impacts of nonlinear radiation and Arrhenius activation
energy. The magneto-nanoparticles suspension in microorganisms are beneficial in nanofluid stability. Also, they have number of applications in nanosciences, biotech, pharmaceuticals, and mechanical development. The nonlinear coupled PDEs are transformed into ODEs by taking a suitable set
of similarity transformations and then computationally solved with MATLAB’s bvp4c and RK4-Shooting technique. The skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are represented in tabular form. The mass and heat transmission rate improve in the presence of gyrotactic
microorganisms. The temperature as well as concentration of Eyring-Powell Nanofluid get decreased by accelerating the significant mass and thermal stratification. The concentration profile Φ(η) depreciate for higher Chemical reaction rate (σ), Schmidt number
(Sc), and temperature difference (δ1) parameters but rises upon increasing values of Activation energy (Ea). Also, the microorganism concentration difference parameter (β1), bioconvection Lewis number Lb and Peclet number Pe are
opposing the motile microorganism density profile.
Optimization of Nanofluid Concentration for Energy Intensification in Corrugated Plate Type Heat Exchanger
Authors: Talari Vijaya Kumar , Thamida Sunil Kumar , Srinivas T. , Purohit Bijoy Kumar
Published: August 2024

The overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger will improve with an increase in the flow rate and concentration of nanofluid. But beyond an optimum nanoparticle concentration, the overall effectiveness seems to decrease due to an increase in pressure drop that consequently
leads to an increase in pumping power. The novelty of the present work is to find the optimum concentration of CuO-Water nanofluid that exhibits the optimum heat transfer rate and global minimum pumping power, using both experimental and numerical study. The cold nanofluid and hot water entered
the counter currently at 303.15 and 333.15 K respectively in the corrugated plate heat exchanger. It was observed from the experimental and numerical results that the values of overall heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were increased monotonically (454–710 W/(m2-K)
and 6–133 Pa respectively), with the increment in the concentration and flow rates of the nanofluid. Because of this trend, it was challenging to figure out the optimum nanofluid concentration using these parameters. Later, a procedure was presented to obtain an optimum concentration
of nanofluid, to reduce the hot stream temperature by 288.15 K. The hydraulic power exhibited a global minimum at an optimum concentration of 0.5 vol% of nanofluid.
Influence of Silica Oxide Nanofluid for Different Concentrations on Photovoltaic Cell
Authors: Mhd Nasser Muhammad Anas Fathy Bin , Kamarudin Roslan , Gunnasegaran Prem , Abdullah Mohd Zulkifly , Topare Niraj S. , Khan Anish , Alzahrani Khalid A.
Published: August 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) cells, a renewable fuel, are widely employed. A conventional PV cell also loses efficiency as the temperature rises. This research addresses this issue by cooling the PV cell with nanofluid, specifically SiO2 and distilled water. Applying SiO2
nanofluid experimentally using a real experimental setup is hoped to cool the PV cell’s surface as it becomes heated. This research aims to use distilled water and various concentrations of SiO2 nanofluid, such as 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, and 0.3 wt% on Photovoltaic Cell and flow
rate of 2 LPM and a radiation rate of 800 W/m2. ANSYS is used to confirm experimental results by using SiO2 as a nanofluid to lower the PV cell’s temperature and boost its thermal efficiency. The experiment’s findings demonstrated that utilizing nanofluid
as a coolant boosted the PV cell’s thermal efficiency and decreased its temperature. Results showed that the thermal efficiency increased with the use of nanofluid as a coolant and with increasing mass concentration. Thermal efficiency values for distilled water, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%
SiO2 were 35.56%, 79.91%, 91.04%, and 104.01%, respectively. This study also discovered that SiO2 works better in terms of cooling the PV cell than normal fluid because of its higher thermal conductivity. The experimental and numerical data show the same decline in PV
cell surface temperature and thermal efficiency, unlike the computational results.
Heat and Mass Transfer within Unsteady Nanofluid Movement in the Presence of Sustained Solar Radiation
Authors: Workneh Girma Tafesse , Firdi Mitiku Daba
Published: August 2024

The unsteady movement of nanofluid on porous inclined media is essential for absorbing and transferring heat from solar radiation. From renewable energy sources, solar is limitless, sustainable and universally accessible without creating conflict. In this study, heat and mass transfer
have been explored by unsteadily moving nanofluid with the occurrence of Sun rays and viscous dissipation. Tiwari-Das and Darcy-Forchheimer models are encompassed with convective heat transfer and mass suction/injection. Then, the non-linear higher-order set of ordinary differential equations
was obtained from fundamental non-linear partial differential equations by using similarity transformation. Both semi-analytical and numerical strategies have been adopted. Comparisons with published articles have detected and observed similar outcomes. Accordingly, thermal Grashof number
elevates nanofluid motion while postponing drag force creation. Permeability and Darcy’s number have publicized a contradictory trend in the nanofluid’s movement and temperature. Nanofluid’s temperature expands by incident solar radiation and Eckert number but not by absorption.
There is less heat transfer rate by convective than conductive through magnifying magnetic field and nanoparticles’ concentration. Nanofluid constructed by Cu–H2O produces more drag force and less heat transfer rate than that of Cu–C3H8O2.
Heat transfer from solar energy is applicable for cooking, heating water and producing electricity.
Effect of Hematocrit-Dependent Variable Viscosity on Magnetohydrodynamics Flow of Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluid Through an Inclined Stenosed Artery
Authors: Imoro Issah , Etwire Christian John , Musah Rabiu
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the effect of hematocrit-dependent viscosity on the MHD flow of blood-based hybrid nanofluid containing gold and copper nanoparticles. To accomplish this, the Caputo fractional derivative is utilized to transform transient terms in established governing equations
after they have been properly normalized using appropriate dimensionless variables. Subsequently, the Laplace transform technique is employed to attain analytical solutions of these equations. Their inverse Laplace transforms are then sought numerically by employing the concentrated matrix
exponential (CME) method, as the transformed equations contain modified Bessel functions whose solutions cannot be easily obtained using any known analytical inversion method. The outcomes of the impact of pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are graphically
scrutinized, and numerical results for the dimensionless parameters, such as skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers, are tabulated. The study’s findings reveal the significant influence of the fractional-order parameter, the hematocrit parameter, and the inclination angle parameter
on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, as well as on the dimensionless parameters. These findings hold relevance for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular-related diseases, as well as for targeted drug delivery in the human body’s arterial
system.
Vehicle Engine Cooling System: Review Research
Authors: Redouane Fares , Zineb Chikr Djaoutsi , Rachid Hidki
Published: August 2024

This study reveals that nano-refrigerants can improve the overall performance of these systems, particularly when used as nanoparticles in conjunction with a base refrigerant. The results show that nano refrigerants outperform base liquids in warm conductivity, and the size of the nanoparticles
affects this conductivity. The thickness of nano-refrigerants shows a vertical pattern as the volume of particles increases, while it decreases with temperature increases. Traditional models, such as the Hamilton-Crosser and Einstein models, fail to accurately predict the warm conductivity
and consistency of nanoliquids when temperature is considered. Even a small amount of nanoparticles can significantly improve the base liquid’s conductivity. The use of nano-fluids results in an improved convective intensity transfer coefficient for all volume concentrations of nanoparticles
compared to water under different working conditions. This study delves into the characterization of nanofluids for vehicle engine cooling systems, focusing on their thermal properties and heat transfer capabilities. Through an analysis of thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficients,
viscosity, and nanoparticle size, the research aims to optimize the design and implementation of nanofluid-based cooling systems to enhance engine performance and fuel efficiency. By investigating the impact of different nanoparticles and concentrations on these properties, the study provides
insights into the potential of nanofluids to improve cooling efficiency in automotive applications. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the relationship between nanoparticle characteristics and thermal properties for the effective utilization of nanofluids in vehicle cooling
systems. By synthesizing findings from previous studies, this review aims to provide insights into the potential benefits of utilizing nanofluids in enhancing cooling efficiency and overall engine performance in automotive systems. The analysis underscores the importance of considering nanoparticle
characteristics in optimizing nanofluid formulations for effective heat transfer in vehicle cooling systems.
Enhancement of Heat and Mass Transfer in 2D-Mixed Convection Nano-Liquid Flow Over a Flexible Riga Plate with Heat Source/Sink and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Basha Hussain , Ramanjini V. , Sahukar Mansi Kumari
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the complex dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) hydro-magnetic nano-fluidic flow over an elastic Riga plate, aiming to elucidate the interactions among thermal energy, concentration transfer, pressure gradient, and convective & zero mass flux at the boundary.
Notably, the investigation incorporates concentration and temperature buoyancy forces, integrating them into the analysis with a comprehensive energy transfer equation and essential nanofluid properties in the species concentration. Further, the internal heat source/sink and rate of first
order chemical reaction are considered. Employing the advanced capabilities of MATHEMATICA12 software, the study applies the Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (OHAM), reducing the governing equations partially to ordinary ones. Furthermore, the study reveals intriguing patterns, highlighting
the significant impact of the modified Hartmann number on velocity and concentration gradients, while displaying contrasting effects on thermal profiles. Moreover, the dual nature of pressure gradient behavior underscores the complexity of the studied phenomenon, offering valuable insights
for further research and practical applications in nano-fluidic systems.
Numerical Study of Natural Convective Flow of a Nanofluid Over Rotating Truncated Cone with Convective Heating
Authors: Sankar Chandaka Uma , Sobhanapuram Sreedhar , Devi S.V. V. Rama , Chukka Venkatarao
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we consider the natural convection flow of a nanofluid simultaneously heat and mass transfer over a truncated rotating porous cone with convective boundary condition. Buongiorno’s model is used to describe the present nanofluid flow problem which is represented
by Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Governing set of nonlinear boundary layer equations for the nanofluid over a rotating truncated cone is converted into a set of non-similar forms through non-similarity transformations. The obtained reduced nonlinear PDE system is linearized locally
and solved via an accurate Chebyshev Spectral Collocation Method. The accuracy of the obtained numerical solutions is tested against existing results in the literature for specific cases and demonstrates good agreement. In addition, the impacts of active parameters such as the rotational parameter
(0 ≤ χ ≤ 3), Biot number (0.1 ≤ Bi ≤ 1), and suction/injection parameter (−0.5 ≤ fw ≤ 0.5) on velocities, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles along with heat and mass transfer rates are examined. It is found that
the local surface drag and heat transfer rate increase, and the nanoparticle mass transfer rate decreases, with the increase in both the spinning parameter and Biot number.