bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi
Authors: Setiawati Desy , Ulfa Laila , Kridawati Atik
Published: April 2022

Jenis risiko kesehatan reproduksi yang dihadapi remaja antara lain kehamilan, aborsi, penyakit menular seksual (PMS), kekerasan seksual, serta masalah keterbatasan akses informasi dan pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa dan siswi SMK Mutiara Bangsa. Jumlah populasi yaitu 216 siswa sedangkan jumlah sampel yang didapat yaitu 97 responden. Jumlah sampel ditentukan menggunakan rumus simple random sampling. Teknik sampling menggunakan probability sampling dengan metode pengambilan sampel proporsionate stratified random sampling. Desain penelitian adalah one-group pra-post test design. Analisis data menggunakan uji nonparametris dengan Wilcoxon signed rank test. Hasil penelitian didapat ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi (Pvalue = 0,000). Terdapat perubahan nilai rata-rata pengetahuan antara sebelum (53,51) dan sesudah (84,28) diberikan pendidikan kesehatan. Diharapkan puskesmas dan sekolah bekerjasama untuk memberikan Pendidikan Kesehatan secara berkala dan berkelanjutan sesuai kebutuhan. Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Pendidikan Kesehatan, Kesehatan Reproduksi
Manajemen Pembinaan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja Bagi Pekerja Las Informal di Bengkel Las Kabupaten Sumedang
Authors: Kosasih Kosasih , Hasibuan Bernard , Sukwika Tatan
Published: April 2022

Latarbelakang: Berbagai kasus kecelakaan dan kebakaran akibat pengelasan menunjukan kondisi yang membahayakan sehingga perlu dilakukan pembinaan K3. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh sikap pekerja las dan pengetahuan K3 terhadap tindakan pecegahan, pengaruh bahaya dan tindakan pecegahan terhadap dampak kesehatan dan mengevaluasi pemahaman pekerja las terhadap K3. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, paired sample t-test dan Z-test.  Penyebaran kuesioner skala likert, kuesioner penyuluhan pre-test dan post-test dan observasi disetiap bengkel las. Hasil: Sikap individu dan pengetahuan K3 memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap tindakan pencegahan dengan derajat korelasi yang cukup kuat. Demikian juga dengan bahaya dan tindakan pencegahan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap dampak kesehatan bagi pekerja las dengan derajat korelasi yang cukup kuat. Pengetahuan K3 dan sikap berpengaruh positif terhadap tindakan pencegahan. Demikian juga dengan bahaya dan tindakan pencegahan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap dampak kesehatan bagai pekerja las.  Secara simultan, sikap individu pekerja las dan pengetahuan K3  memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap tindakan pencegahan. Demikian juga bahaya dan tindakan pencegahan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap dampak kesehatan bagi pekerja las. Terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan yang signifikan antar pekerja las setelah diberikan penyuluhan K3 dengan menggunakan lembar balik. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan K3 dan sikap berpengaruh terhadap upaya pencegahan sedangkan bahaya dan upaya pencegahan berpengaruh pada dampak kesehatan. Penyuluhan K3 terbukti berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan pekerja las. Saran: Berikan pelatihan pengelasan dan K3, tingkatkan pencegahan. Pembinaan bengkel las harus dilakukan berkesinambungan, penelitian selanjutnya dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif agar semua variabel pada penelitian ini lebih tergali lagi.
Pelatihan Marketing Online Bagi Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah di Kelurahan Bambu Apus, Kecamatan Cipayung, Jakarta Timur
Authors: Rohmawan Kwarnanto , Nurminingsih Nurminingsih , Ahmadun Ahmadun
Published: April 2022

Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM melakukan pembinaan terhadap pelaku usaha meliputi kemampuan pengelolaan terlebih dalam akuisisi penggunaan teknologi berbasis digital sehingga diharapkan kemampuan SDM pelaku UMKM bisa ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan teknologi sebagai penunjang dapat memberikan berbagai dukungan yang lebih besar bagi para UMKM mengembangkan potensi usaha menjadi lebih maksimal. Upaya pemberian pelatihan kepada para pelaku usaha kecil dan menengah untuk lebih mengenal serta dapat memanfaatkan teknologi informasi digital dalam hal ini internet untuk mengembangkan usahanya, baik dari segi jaringan pemasaran, mitra kerja, permodalan hingga inovasi produk. Disamping itu pemberian pelatihan juga memberikan pengenalan wawasan dan motivasi tentang manfaat penggunaan teknologi informasi internet terhadap marketing dan perkembangan usaha serta pengenalan bagaimana cara menggunakan teknologi informasi internet yang mudah dan praktis untuk memasarkan dan pengembangan produk dan usaha
Persiapan Pranikah Pasangan Usia Muda di Pengadilan Agama Wates Kulonprogo
Authors: Mahmudah Nurul , Hidayati Ririn Wahyu
Published: April 2022

Masa pranikah merupakan masa yang tepat untuk melakukan persiapan yang matang baik secara fisik, psikis maupun sosial. Usaha untuk membentuk kualitas kesehatan keluarga dalam melakukan peran mereka sebagai pasangan, seorang suami dan istri haruslah memiliki kesehatan lahir dan batin yang baik. Salah satu indikasi bahwa calon pengantin yang sehat adalah bahwa kesehatan reproduksinya berada pada kondisi yang baik. Demi membangun hubungan rumah tangga yang sakinah, mawaddah, warohmah, setiap calon pengantin hendaknya mempunyai bekal yang cukup untuk dapat membangun suatu hubungan rumah tangga.   Perkawinan di Indonesia mendapat legalitas menurut hukum selama dilangsungkan menurut ketentuan agama atau kepercayaan yang dianut serta tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Di antara alasan yang sering dikemukakan di dalam permohonan Dispensasi Kawin (DK) adalah hubungan di antara calon mempelai pria dan calon mempelai wanita sudah sangat erat, sehingga tidak dimungkinkan lagi untuk menunda pelaksanaan pernikahan, atau bahkan keduanya telah terlanjur melakukan hubungan suami istri di luar nikah. Sehingga orang tua khawatir jika anak-anak mereka tersebut akan semakin terjerumus ke dalam perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan syariat Islam.   Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan pihak Pengadilan Agama Wates Kulonprogo, ditemukan masalah sebagai berikut : banyaknya kasus kehamilan diluar nikah yang datang ke Pengadilan Agama Wates untuk mendapatkan surat DK, dikarenakan usia pernikahan baik calon mempelai laki-laki maupun perempuan berada dibawah umur dan kasus perceraian usia muda meningkat seiring dengan banyaknya pengajuan DK. Solusi yang ditawarkan yaitu pemberian informasi tentang persiapan pranikah (fisik, psikis, dan materi), memberikan promosi kesehatan melalui media booklet, memfasilitasi sarana konsultasi, diskusi, dan sharing. Kata Kunci :  Persiapan Pranikah, Pasangan Usia Muda
Edukasi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak Pra Sekolah
Authors: Azijah Izattul , Adawiyah Asyifa Robiatul , Hasanah Neneng
Published: April 2022

Masa balita merupakan periode kritis terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Pertumbuhan fisik yang secara nyata menandai masa kanak-kanak awal atau usia prasekolah adalah pertumbuhan tinggi dan berat tubuh, sedangkan salah satu perkembangan fisik terpenting di masa pra-sekolah adalah perkembangan otak dan berbagai bagian lain dari sistem saraf secara terus-menerus. Ketidakcukupan zat gizi mengakibatkan penurunan status gizi sehingga anak menjadi kurang gizi. Hal tersebut mempengaruhi gangguan pertumbuhan fisik, kualitas kecerdasan, dan perkembangan di masa depan. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat terkait pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak pra sekolah akan diberikan edukasi kepada orang tua/wali yang memiliki anak usia prasekolah dengan Webinar. Tujuan dari webinar adalah menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan tentang Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak Pra Sekolah. Kegiatan dilakukan secara daring mengunakan zoom dan youtube yang diikuti oleh 40 peserta. Narasumber memberikan materi tentang edukasi pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan gizi anak pra sekolah. Peserta berpartisipasi aktif dalam kegiatan ini dibuktikan dengan antusiasme peserta dengan mengikuti acara dari awal sampai akhir acara serta banyaknya pertanyaan yang muncul pada saat sesi tanya jawab.
Edukasi Pembuatan Dapur MPASI Darurat Bencana
Authors: Aprillia Yuna Trisuci , Sari Fitria , Jannah Miftahul , Putri Nafszaqyah Desma
Published: April 2022

Indonesia secara geografis dan demografis daerah rentan terhadap terjadinya bencana alam dan bencana non alam, termasuk potensi bencana akibat konflik social dan pandemi COVID-19 seperti saat ini. Kondisi ini dapat berdampak pada perubahan status gizi korban bencana khususnya kelompok rentan yaitu bayi, balita, ibu hamil, ibu menyusui dan lanjut usia. Bantuan makanan yang sering terlambat, tidak berkesinambungan dan terbatasnya ketersediaan pangan lokal dapat memperburuk kondisi yang ada. Masalah lain yang seringkali muncul adalah adanya bantuan pangan dari dalam dan luar negeri yang mendekati atau melewati masa kadaluarsa, tidak disertai label yang jelas, tidak ada keterangan halal serta melimpahnya bantuan susu formula bayi dan botol susu. Masalah tersebut diperburuk lagi dengan kurangnya pengetahuan dalam penyiapan makanan buatan lokal khususnya untuk bayi dan balita. Di situasi darurat bencana penyediaan dapur MPASI dibutuhkan dan sering terabaikan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, penyampaian materi edukasi kepada Relawan dan masyarakat umum yang peduli dengan dengan kebencanaan dilakukan pada hari Jum’at, 24 Desember 2021 dilaksanakan secara virtual melalui zoom dan Youtube. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi sebagian besar peserta menyatakan baik  terhadap materi, pemateri, waktu pelaksanaan maupun panitia penyelenggaraan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Luaran yang diharapkan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah Dokumentasi Pelaksanaan Video kegiatan, Peningkatan Pengetahuan masyarakat.
PENERAPAN APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI INDIKATOR PELAYANAN RAWAT INAP BERBASIS WEBSITE DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Rahman Irpan Ali
Published: April 2022

Penggunaan Teknologi Sistem Manajemen  Informasi Rumah Sakit  perlu ditingkatkan guna mendorong keberhasilan dalam proses Mutu Pelayanan Rumah Sakit dalam bentuk jaringan koordinasi, pelaporan dan prosedur administrasi untuk memperoleh informasi secara tepat, akurat,sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pendukung dalam pengambilan keputusan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Indikator Pelayanan Rawat Inap Berbasis Web kepada Kepala Ruangan di Rumah Sakit, Komite Keperawatan,Bidang Keperawatan, Mutu Keperawatan, Direktur dan Wakil Direktur.Sistem ini memudahkan dalam proses perhitungan data Pasien, rekapitulasi data, nilai ideal (BOR, BTO, TOI, AVLOS, NDR dan GDR) data terintegrasi ini dapat dijadikan sebagai tindak lanjut pengambilan keputusan dan kebijakan oleh manajemen Rumah Sakit. Tahapan dalam menerapkan aplikasi ini meliputi (1) pengamatan masalah, (2) Perancangan Aplikasi, (3) penerapan teknologi, (4) pelatihan mitra dan (5) pendampingan. Hasil penerapan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Indikator Pelayanan Rawat Inap Berbasis Web yakni dapat meningkatkan kompetensi kepala ruangan dalam dalam peningkatan mutu pelayanan rumah sakit. Selain itu, pihak manajemen dapat dengan mudah melakukan kontroling untuk setiap ruangan dengan menggunakan aplikasi.Kata kunci : Indikator Pelayanan; Sistem Informasi; Rawat Inap; Rumah Sakit
Analysis of COVID-19 rapid antigen and PCR detection policy
Authors: Guo Ruey-Ji , Liang Yung-Kuei , Fan Hung-Shu , Chen Yenpao , Guo Su-Er
Published: April 2022

After the outbreak of COVID-19, Taiwan has implemented rigorous border control and taken specific measures such as virus detection, contact tracing, and quarantine since 2020. Its epidemic prevention performance has been quite outstanding. Even in May 2021, when the epidemic situation worsens, the people in Taiwan fully cooperate with the government’s control measures so as to successfully alleviate and control the epidemic in less than three months. Among them, the detection policy has played a pivotal role. We analyze and discuss the false positive and false negative problems from rapid antigen and PCR detection in the screening policy as well as the timing of using these two instruments. This paper provides theoretical verification of the appropriateness of screening policy in Taiwan, offering a few feasible suggestions for related policies in other countries or regions at different stages of this and other potential epidemics.
Successful treatment of esophageal injury complicated by pleural empyema and bleeding in an 8-month-old child
Authors: Safarov A. S. , Safarov B. A. , Sattorov M. M.
Published: April 2022

In this case, the authors describe the successful treatment of a severe complication caused by iatrogenic damage to the esophagus with a purulent-septic process in an 8-month-old child, leading to the progression of septicopyemia with the development of mediastinitis, destructive pneumonia with pyopneumathorax on the left, erosive bleeding from the pleural cavity, phlegmonous chest with a soft tissue defect around the drainage tube.
Unresolved aspects of diagnosis and treatment of femoral neck fractures and their consequences in osteoporosis
Authors: Ehsonov A. S.
Published: April 2022

The article reviews the literature on some aspects of diagnosis and treatment tactics of femoral neck fractures and their consequences in osteoporosis. Analysis of the literature shows that osteoporosis mainly occurs in postmenopausal women. Many issues of diagnostics and treatment of osteoporosis in our region refer to poorly studied problems. The specific weight of risk factors for osteoporosis development among the population of our region is 55.8%. Goiter, diabetes mellitus, low body weight and hypodynamia prevail among them. However, there are few or no comprehensive works devoted to this problem with consideration of the relationship between osteoporosis and complex (surgical and conservative) treatment of femoral neck fracture. In the light of the above, the need for a comprehensive study of the problem of diagnosis and treatment of femoral neck fracture and its consequences in menopausal osteoporosis in multiparous women becomes evident.
Application of probiotics in complex therapy of chronic tonsillitis
Authors: Akhrorova Z. A.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To study the effectiveness of bacteriophage therapy with the combined medicament “Complex pyobacteriophage” and “Sextafag”.

Material and research methods. We examined 44 patients (24 women and 20 men) on an outpatient basis at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Avicenna Tajik State Medical University.

Results and its discussion. The results of the study of the microflora of the tonsils of patients with CT showed in 52% (13) of cases in 1st group of patients and in 56% (14) of cases in the second group presence of S. aureus, in 25%

(6) and 28% (7) of cases mixed microflora - S. pyogenes together with S. salivarius was found and 25% (6) and 20% (5) cases showed S. aureus together with S. Pyogenes. It turned out that bacteriophage therapy with the “Complex pyobacteriophage” reduced a bit more the total contamination of the pharynx. However, there was no complete elimination of Staphylococcus aureus strains; single colonies remained in 5 (28%) patients with chronic tonsillitis.

Conclusions. 1. The use of the medicament “complex pyobacteriophage” as a part of local therapy in patients with chronic tonsillitis is an effective and safe method of sanitation of the palatine tonsils.

2. The specific selective antibacterial action of this drug prevents a prolonged stay of the focus of infection, thereby prolonging the period of remission.

3. Prevention of the focus of infection in the tonsils contributes to the increase of local and general immunity of the body.
Some aspects of the clinic, diagnostics, and effectiveness of treatment of solitary, primarily multiple malignant tumors-of skin and surrounding structures of periorbital region (SPMMTSSSPR)
Authors: Bazarov N. I. , Imomov F. A. , Shukurov F. I. , Kobilov J. A. , Niyazov I. К. , Мazhabov D. М. , Yulchiev R. I.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To study the features of the clinic, diagnostics, and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of solitary and primarily multiple malignant tumors of the skin and surrounding structures of the periorbital region (SPMMTLPSSSPR).

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of clinical data of case histories of 39 patients with various solitary, primarily multiple malignant tumors of the skin and surrounding structures of the periorbital region was performed and the effectiveness of treatment was evaluated in the conditions of the State Institution “Republican Oncological Scientific Center” of the MOH and SPP of the RT 2015 to 2016.

Results. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment in 39 (100%) patients with solitary and primarily-multiple malignant tumors of the skin of surrounding structures of the periorbital region (SPMMTSSSPR) showed in 20 (51,28%) excellent results, in 13 (33,35%) – good results, in 2 (5,12%) - satisfactory results and in 4 (10,25%) patients unsatisfactory results. The quality of life of 33 patients with SPMMSSSPR assessment by the Karnowsky scale was improved from a minimal of 60% to 100%.

Conclusion. Surgical treatment of SPMTLPSSSPR made it possible to achieve а complete treatment in 85% of patients.
Surgical treatment tactics of gastroduodenal ulcerous bleeding combined with pyloroduodenal stenosis
Authors: Kadyrov D. M. , Kodirov F. D. , Saidaliev Sh. Sh. , Tabarov Z. V.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To improve the surgical treatment tactics of gastroduodenal ulcerous bleeding combined with pyloroduodenal stenosis.

Material and methods. Results of diagnostics and surgical treatment of 105 patients with DUD, divided into two groups were analyzed: the first - 54 patients, in which individualized tactics with maximum use of modern endo- and pharmacological hemostasis was used, mainly planned operations were executed; the second - 51 patients, in which active surgical tactics without endohemostasis was used, mainly “traditional” variants of gastric resection were used.

Results. In case of active surgical tactics the number of urgent operations made up 29,4%, delayed - 54,9%, planned operations - 15,7%. The use of resection (76,4%) and palliative (19,6%) operations was one of the causes of a high frequency of postoperative complications (37,2%) and lethality rate (13,7%). The use of modern endo- and pharmacological hemostasis techniques contributed to the efficacy of treatment, a decrease in urgent (11,0%) and delayed (9,2%) operations, and an increase in elective operations (79,8%), which promoted the decrease of postoperative complications (9,2%) and absence of lethality.

Conclusion. In DUD the tactics based on endo- and pharmacological hemostasis contributes to a decrease of operation activity by urgent and delayed indications, transfer of the situation to the category of the planned operations that promotes the decrease in the frequency of postoperative complications and lethality.
The status of some hemostasis parameters in children with acute leukemia after chemotherapy
Authors: Karaev I. I.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To improve treatment outcomes of children with acute leukemia after chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods. Eighty-five children with AL who were treated at the Department of Pediatric Hematology of the National Medical Center of Tajikistan “Shifobakhsh” and the Regional Cancer Center of Bokhtar during the period 2015-2019 were studied. The study group included 32 children diagnosed with AML and 53 with ALL.

All children underwent a comprehensive examination including clinical, X-ray and endoscopic, laboratory tests, ultrasound, CT scan, sternal puncture, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.

Results and discussion. On admission to the hospital, all hospitalized children had a complete clinical and laboratory picture of AL.

We studied 2 groups of patients with AL who received KIT by two schemes. Group 1 - patients with AL received standard therapy. Group 2 - patients with AL, in addition to the standard regimen, received reamberine in combination with remaxol. These medications can protect patients with AL from the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of AL, at the same time they don’t decrease the antitumor action of chemotherapeutic agents.

Conclusions.

1. A marked impairment of hemostasis in children with AL compared to healthy children is observed.

2. Conducting KIT in children in combination reamberine with remaxol is more effective compared to standard therapy, as markers of intoxication are significantly reduced.
Clinical characteristics of SARS-COV-2 associated lethal pneumonia in pregnant women
Authors: Karimova D. G.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To reduce maternal mortality by examining the clinical features of the course of lethal SARS-COV-2-associated pneumonia in pregnant women to further optimize diagnosis, obstetric management, and treatment.

Material and Methods. 70 pregnant women were examined: 34 (48.6%) with moderate, 11 (15.7%) with severe, and 25 (35.7%) with extremely severe SARS-CoV-2. The scope of the study corresponded to the standard examination of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. Of the total number examined, 7 cases (1%) were fatal.

Results and discussion. The main symptoms of lethal cases of pneumonia, which manifested from the first days of the disease and progressed rapidly were: an increase in body temperature to febrile values from the beginning of the disease - 7 (100%), marked weakness - 7 (100%), increasing dry and unproductive cough - 7 (100%). Increasing dyspnea and tachypnea on admission to the hospital were also determined in all pregnant women who died. Chest pain predominated in the majority, 4 (57.1±20.2%) of the pregnant women who died. The symptoms of intoxication were pronounced and manifested as arthralgia - 4 (57.1±20.2%), myalgia - 3 (42.9±20.2%), headache - 3 (42.9±20.2%). Toxic lesion of the cardiovascular system was manifested by tachycardia in 7(100%) and hypotension in 4 (57,1±20,2%) cases.

Conclusion. The combination of febrile fever, low-productive cough, increasing dyspnea, and tachypnea should be considered as specific clinical symptoms of lethal SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia in pregnant women in the second half of gestation.
Results of evaluation of the opinion of specialists on the problems of comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with cleft lip and palate
Authors: Kosimov M. M. , Yusupov Z. Ya. , Dzhumaev Sh. M.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To evaluate the results of a survey of medical specialists on the problems of organizing and conducting a comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with cleft lip and palate.

Material and Methods. In the process of conducting a study to assess the awareness of medical specialists on the issues of complex rehabilitation of patients with congenital cleft lip and palate, we used the questionnaire method. The research process involved various specialists who, by the nature of their activities, deal with children suffering from this pathology.

Results. According to the results of the questionnaire, the interviewed maxillofacial surgeons in 100% of cases indicated that patients with congenital pathology of the maxillofacial region are admitted almost several times a month (from 2 to 8 children); while 70% of orthodontists indicated that they are initially treated with such a pathology 5 times a year, 25% - 3 times a year, 5% - more than 8 times.

Conclusion. The results of the survey showed that a great responsibility in organizing care for patients with congenital cleft lip and palate rests with maxillofacial surgeons.
Differentially diagnostic criteria for intratual and early neonatal pneumonia
Authors: Mamadzhonova M. S. , Sharipovoy N. A. , Vokhidov A. , Abidjanova N. N. , Nazarov E. I.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To differentiate clinical signs in intrauterine and early neonatal pneumonia.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in the Maternity ward and the “Mother and Child” ward of the second stage of nursing of the State Institution “Istiklol” in Dushanbe. In total, a retrospective analysis of 260 newborn development records and medical records was carried out. Two groups were formed, group 1 consisted of 110 (42.3%) newborns with a confirmed diagnosis of intrauterine pneumonia, the second group - of 150 (57.6%) with early neonatal pneumonia. Statistical analysis of the material was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software package (StatSoft, USA).

Results. According to the anamnesis, 45.7% of 1st group mothers had premature childbirth, while in the second group 37.3% of mothers. Among the mothers of group 1, real pregnancy was characterized (p> 0.05) by colpitis (76.9%), anemia (71.3%), threatened abortion (48.6%), chronic fetal hypoxia (57.4%), high frequency of premature rupture of amniotic fluid (34.6%), discoordination of labor (25.0%). Statistically significant (p <0.001) (40.6%) in children of the second group observed an increase in temperature (above 38°C). The majority of newborns with intrauterine pneumonia did not have the act of sucking - 74.8%, 32.2% of newborns (p <0.01) noted the absence of the act of swallowing. Dyspnea was observed in 97.7.5% of children with intrauterine pneumonia and 74.7% of children with early neonatal pneumonia, auxiliary muscles were involved in the breathing, and therefore 69.6% of newborns with intrauterine pneumonia and 76.3% with early neonatal pneumonia (p<0.05) needed respiratory support.

Conclusion. The course and the type of complications of pregnancy in mothers with infected children were different. Differential diagnostic signs between intrauterine and early neonatal pneumonia were established.
Implementation of rapid saliva tests for hiv in the Republic of Tajikistan
Authors: Mirzoev A. S.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To study the effectiveness of improving the accessibility of testing for key populations by introducing a new method of rapid HIV testing by pericardial swabs in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Materials and methods. Analysis of the normative legal documents of the Republic of Tajikistan in the field of HIV / AIDS and statistical processing of materials from the State Institution “Republican Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS”.

Results. The article presents the results of the analysis of the recommendations of international legal documents, in particular, the materials of the WHO Regional Office for Europe, UNAIDS, and the State Institution “Republican Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS” on the introduction of a new method of rapid HIV testing through saliva tests. This method made it possible to expand the coverage of testing for a vulnerable group of the population, which for any reason refused to be tested in existing medical institutions. In the period up to March 2018, a total of 18,849 beneficiaries were tested. Of the total number of tested, 739 cases were identified with a positive result on the first test. Of these, 484 cases were confirmed based on the Republican Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, of which 403 cases were confirmed as newly diagnosed.

Conclusion. Rapid saliva testing for HIV among key populations, such as sexual and injecting partners, is highly effective and affordable. Patients, without any fear, agreed to undergo testing. The high sensitivity and specificity of the tests reduce the number of patients with “false positive” and “false negative” results. Ease of use, safety, and painless testing procedure led to the fact that the method was successfully introduced in a short time both among government institutions and among public organizations that work towards the prevention of HIV infections.
Review of Chinese Economy Development from 1978 to 2022
Authors: Alqahtani Khaled Mohammed
Published: April 2022

As we all know, Chinese economy has achieved world-renowned success in the past five decades. This research will identify and analyze the development of Chinese economy from 1978 to 2022. There are four main stages of China’s economic process. Specially, the first stage is from 1970 until 2000, the second stage is from 2001 until 2007, the third stage is from 2008 until 2014, the fourth stage is from 2015 until now.
Diachronic Semantic and Morphological Analysis of Abstract Noun Doublets of Norman-French and Anglo-Saxon Origin
Authors: Saric Antonija , Pavlovic Krunoslav
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper is to show how Norman-French influenced the modern English language with an emphasis on abstract nouns. Old English spoken by Angles, Saxons and Jutes provided roots for only about a half of the commonly words used in the modern English language. Apart from all the other languages like Norse, Latin, Dutch, Greek, Arabic, Hindi (from India), Spanish and Native American languages that have also contributed to Modern English it was Norman-French that changed it completely. Beginning with the Norman invasion in 1066, Norman-French or Anglo-Norman, which was a French dialect that had considerable Germanic roots in addition to the basic Latin roots, caused metamorphosis from Old English to Middle English. Due to the fact that Norman-French was spoken by the aristocracy that tended to express themselves in an exalted manner, there are many abstract nouns of Norman-French origin that have survived and become a part of Modern English. However, those words have not completely replaced the Old English equivalents, they have rather existed simultaneously. This paper will provide a semantic and morphological analysis how those noun doublets have changed and developed through the history. Although in the paper not all the existing doublets are analysed, but only 10 pairs of them, and although some of them cannot be thoroughly analysed due to a lack of adequate sources, it will be possible to draw certain conclusions and realize some tendencies.
Students’ Perceptions Towards the Drawbacks of Technology in English Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Mohamad Faizah , Asnawi Muhammad Luqman , Kadir Zaemah Abdul , Darmi Ramiza
Published: April 2022

Technology has brought much improvement in English teaching and learning since its inception years ago. Undoubtedly, technology has changed the traditional English teaching and learning method, in-class, and out-of-class, with the teachers making the most of the multipurpose-functions that technology offers, especially, in this new norm era. However, as many as advantages the technology brings in English language classrooms, its drawbacks need to be addressed as well. Thus, this study aims to determine the drawbacks of technology in English language teaching and learning as perceived by university students in Malaysia. This study employed a quantitative research method using a survey design. The instrument used for this study was a set of questionnaires that was randomly distributed to students from different universities via google forms. The questionnaire consisted of 30 items which covered four sections: demographic profiles, cost of technology, language teaching using technology and language learning using technology. 85 students responded to the questionnaire and became the participants of the study. The findings revealed that university students in Malaysia perceived using technology in English language learning as the major drawback. The second drawback was the cost of technology, and finally, English language teaching using technology. The findings also revealed the students’ gender and fields of study had no influence on the drawbacks of technology in all three aspects. It can be concluded that the paradigm shift of using technology in the English language teaching and learning has also had its downside, especially in the students’ learning process.
A Study of Essay Translation Under the Guidance of Werner Koller’s Equivalence Theory: Take Texts in the First Volume of Selected Modern Chinese Essays by Zhang Peiji as Examples
Authors: TAN Xiaoyan
Published: April 2022

As an important part of Chinese literature, Chinese essay plays an essential role in spreading Chinese culture. However, compared with other literary translations, studies of essay translations have been far left behind than those of others. Under this background, this thesis, leveraging qualitative analysis and based on Koller’s equivalence theory, will deeply analyze some translated texts from Zhang Peiji’s first set of Selected Modern Chinese Essays, including the following aspects: the translated texts presenting the original content corresponding to denotative and connotative equivalence; re-appearing of the original style to text-normative equivalence; transferring the original forms and aesthetics to formal equivalence and achieving communicative effect to pragmatic equivalence. In so doing, this thesis will further delve into the features of Koller’s equivalence theory, present more perspectives on analyzing essay translations and try to shed some light on the future essay translation.Finally, this thesis concludes that Koller’s equivalence theory is very helpful in guiding the analysis of translated essays and bringing enlightenment to essay translation. The analysis finds that in his translations, Mr. Zhang Peiji not only has faithfully conveyed the original texts’ contents, but also has maintained the original style and in some cases even represented the source text’s aesthetics. Besides, he has also taken target readers into consideration as a way to achieve better communicative effect. What should be noticed is that the functions, frequency and usages among different aspects of equivalence are varied. Therefore, translators are supposed to adopt different translation strategies and techniques in accordance with specific situations so as to achieve better equivalence effect and improve translation quality.
A Glimpse of New Diagnostic Laboratory Tests
Authors: Ansari Umer Saeed
Published: April 2022

Medical laboratories perform numerous in vitro diagnostic tests for the diagnosis and prognosis of a variety of diseases. There are some well renowned medical laboratories in Pakistan performing a spectrum of advanced diagnostic tests. This editorial provides a glimpse of few advanced laboratory tests with diagnostic significance. Calprotectin (detected in stools): Calprotectin is a protein released by neutrophils, & its presence in the stool is indicative of inflammation in the intestines; its detection also enables to distinguish between inflammatory bowel disease & non-inflammatory bowel conditions, thus also estimated to monitor Ischemic Bowel Disease (IBD) activity, or Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Sonographic Comparison between PCOS, Hyperstimulated Ovaries and Hyperreactio Luteinalis
Authors: Ihsan Usman , Gilani Syed Aamir , Kaleem Akhter Muhammad , Yousaf Humiara , Iftikhar Anam , Majeed Nadia , Ali Mubashir
Published: April 2022

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrinological disorder of females characterized by hirsutism, infertility and bilaterally enlarged multicystic ovaries.It is also a risk factor for development of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) and Hyperreatcio luteinalis (HL). Aim: To identify the value of ultrasonography in distinguishing these three interlinked pathologies and highlight the need for additional relevant investigations to make confirmatory diagnosis of any of them. Method: We conducted a systematic search by using Google Scholar and PubMed as search engines to retrieve all the available English-language literature on ultrasonographic findings of PCOS, OHSS and HL published from 2016 to 2021 while following PRISMA Statement. Results: Out of 316 articles retrieved ,only 9 articles were found that met the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria and of which there were 8 case reports and 1 narrative review. Conclusion: PCOS, OHSS and HL are interrelated ovarian morphological abnormalities with almost same ultrasonographic features.Correlation of these features with other relevant lab investigations and clinical parameters is therefore necessary to make an individual diagnosis out of them. Keywords: Ultrasound features, PCOS, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Ovarian Hyperstimulation syndrome, Multicystic ovaries
Correlation of prolonged Cardiopulmonary Bypass time with Postoperative Complications - A prospective review
Authors: Arif Ahsan , Niazi Attaullah Khan , Muneeb Muhammad , Umer Kanza Sana , Ali Akhtar , Shahbaz Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Aim: To compare post-operative in-hospital outcome of on pump CABG in patients with shorter CPB duration vs. patients with longer CPB duration. Methodology: In this cross sectional study conducted at Department of Cardiac Surgery, PIC, Jail Road, Lahore 182 subjects were selected using non probability Judgmental/ Purposive sampling Technique and randomly divided into two equal groups of 91 each. Group A: patients undergoing surgery for short duration of CPB < 90 minutes and half treated with Group B: patients undergoing surgery for long duration of CPB ≥ 90 minutes. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 25. Results: There were 133(73.08%) males and 49(26.92%) females in this study. The mean age of cases was 50.68±9.26 years with minimum and maximum age being 35 and 70 years. Mean Baseline Creatinine recorded for Group A was 0.92±0.19 and for Group B was 0.91±0.21. Mean urine output level recorded for Group A after 6 hours of CABG was 1.05±0.25 and for Group B after 6 hours of CABG was 0.85±0.24. There was a significant association in the occurrence of acute renal Injury in both groups whereas there was no significant association in the mortality of both groups. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between post-operative in-hospital renal outcomes of on pump CABG in patients with shorter CPB duration vs. patients with longer CPB duration. The results of both groups are nearly same as far as in-hospital mortality is concerned. Keywords: Cardiopulmonary Bypass, On Pump CABG, Off Pump CABG
Cross Sectional Analysis of Adipose Tissue and Fatty Liver Prevalence in association with sugar sweetened beverages consumption.
Authors: Habib Nabeela , Naeem Muhammad Usman , Ijaz Muhammad , Madiha Amjad Madiha , Sheikh Muhammad Usman , Afzal Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Aim: To establish cross-sectional association of consumption of Sugar sweetened beverages with adipose tissue (body fat) and risk of developing fatty liver. Methods: A thorough investigation was done by collecting data on sugar sweetened beverages consumption, Body fat and Fatty liver was collected systematically in different public and private hospitals and private clinics of Lahore. For the assessment of adipose tissue in the body, every patient was subjected to the recording of Body Adiposity Index (BAI) using Height and Hip Circumference measurement. Presence of Fatty Liver was determined by screening using Abdominal Ultra-sound. Results: Consuming SSB more than once per day increased the risk of being overweight to 2.64 (p value <0.05) times and risk of being obese to 2.22 times (p value < 0.05). Participants consuming SSB once a day had 9% statistically significant increased risk of getting fatty liver while those consuming more than once per day showed 14% increased risk of developing fatty liver. Conclusion: It is concluded that Sugar sweetened Beverages Consumption is attributed as common risk factor to Adipose tissue accumulation as well as Fatty Liver. MeSH words: Adiposity, Fatty Liver, Obesity, SSB, Sugary Drinks.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Diffusion Weighted MRI in Diagnosing Brain Abscess Taking Histopathology as Gold Standard
Authors: Iqbal M. Haseeb , Umer Ummara Siddique , Rafique Muhammad Salman , Safi Abdullah , Kundi Sana , Jabeen Mahwish , Sharif Aliya
Published: April 2022

Aim: Diagnostic accuracy of DW-MRI in diagnosing brain abscess taking histopathology as gold standard. Methodology: A total of 407 patients having focal brain lesion on MRI of age 20-50 years of either gender were included. Patients with history of brain surgery, already established diagnosis on histopathology, claustrophobia and pregnant or breast feeding females were excluded. DW-MRI was done and conventional MRI sequences on 1.5 tesla MRI machine and presence or absence of brain abscess was noted. DW-MRI findings were correlated with histopathology. Results: Mean age was 38.53 ± 7.59 years. Out of these 407 patients, 262 (64.37%) were male and 145 (35.63%) were females with ratio of 1.8:1. Mean duration of disease was 4.87 ± 2.40 months. Mean size of lesion was 7.69 ± 4.52 mm. In DW-MRI positive patients, 221 were true positive and 32 were false positive. Among 154, DW-MRI negative patients, 18 were false negative whereas 136 were true negative (P-value=0.01). So in diagnosis of abscess in brain, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and DA of DW-MRI was 92.5%, 80.96%, 87.4%, 88.3% and 87.7% respectively. Conclusion: DW-MRI is the non-invasive modality of choice having high diagnostic accuracy (DA) i.. 87.7% in diagnosing brain abscess with sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 80.96%. Keywords: Brain abscess, diffusion weighted imaging, sensitivity.
Medical Ward Round Teaching: A Mixed Methods Study to Explore the Perspective of Junior Doctors
Authors: Bibi Saima , Gilani Syed Yasir Hussain , Ali Sobia , Zafar Seemab
Published: April 2022

Aim: To evaluate the educational value of the ward round in medicine and allied wards for junior doctors and identify the barriers to effective learning during a round. Methodology: This mixed-method study was conducted over six months in the medicine and allied units of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. A semi-structured online questionnaire consisting of five and six point Likert-type scale responses was administered to 172 house officers and junior residents and data recorded through Google Forms. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 25.0 for descriptive statistics. The quantitative part was triangulated for validation with seven in-depth interviews from purposively selected participants which were thematically analyzed after assigning codes, categories and subthemes. Results: The response rate was 76.7%. The most important skill acquired during ward round was development of an approach towards patients 60(45.5%). This was followed by learning presentation skills 56(42.4%) and patient management 52(39.3%). Majority of the participants identified bed-side overcrowding 90(68.1%) to be the greatest barrier in learning during a round. Content analysis of the qualitative part suggested that an improvement in learning could be achieved by reducing the number of participants, introducing structured checklists and removing distractions for a consultant. Conclusion: Ward round is perceived to be an important tool for learning in medical education by junior doctors, but its full potential is not being utilized. Improvements can be made by changes made in the ward environment and structuring rounds by leading physicians. Keywords: Medical education, teaching rounds, physicians, learning
Chest x-ray Findings in the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Covid-19 Patients – A Systematic Review
Authors: Qadir Sadaf Abdul , Farooq Syed Muhammad Yousaf , Yousaf Muhammad , Gilani Syed Amir , Mumtaz Madiha , Ishfaq Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Aim: To assess the main radiological feature of chest radiography for diagnosis and evaluation of COVID-19 patients. Methodology: A literature search was performed with the use of search engines. The following search engines provided us articles for this systematic review from until 27 February 2021: PubMed, NCBI, Medline, Medscape, and Google Scholar. We included only those articles in which CXR was performed on infected patients for the detection and evaluation of COVID-19. Results: out of eighty (80) articles, only twelve (12) were included in this review to assess the main radiological feature of chest radiography of COVID-19 patients. Patients who went for chest x-ray have shown following radiographic features with pooled percentages as mentioned GGO 32.38%, consolidation 35.15%, vascular congestion sign 7.92%, nodules 33.57% whereas pleural effusion accounts 19.36%, pneumothorax 18.55%, and lymphadenopathy was noted on 1.96%. Pooled Percentages of radiographic features of COVID-19 patients in right lung, left lung or both affected lungs were 21.32%, 5.77% and 47.78% respectively. This calculation is showing B/L lung involvement is more dominant as compare to right and left lung independently. Conclusion: Chest radiograph can be helpful modality in the diagnosis, evaluation and follow-up of SARS- CoV 2 pneumonia patients. Consolidation, GGO with peripheral distribution of lesion and bilateral pneumonia are most common findings of COVID-19 on chest X-ray. Chest x-ray are the baseline/first line approach for COVID-19 as it is easily available. Moreover, in late stages multiple radiological findings are quite helpful. Keywords: COVID-19, Chest X-Ray, Ground Glass Opacities, Consolidation.
Dog Bite Wounds and Their Management Prospective View from Lady Reading Hospital MTI Peshawar KPK, Pakistan
Authors: Afridi Almas , Shahzad Hamid , Afridi Shahid , Iram Minahil , Jan Akheer , Shah Hussain
Published: April 2022

Background: Dog bite and dog bitten wound are serious health care problem. The stray dog, non-vaccinated domestic dog, free-roaming known dogs has worsened the problem here, lack of awareness, poor finances is major hindrance for receiving post-exposure prophylaxis as well as timely wound management for rabies. Aim: To highlight the most common victim, wounding pattern, most common anatomical region wounded and wound management from our setup. Methods This is a single center-based analytical cross-sectional study. Conducted from December 2021 till March 2022 spanning a duration of three months at academic tertiary care hospital situated in Peshawar city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. N=277 victims of dog bitten victims with different wound patterns and from different central and peripheral areas reported to us. Chi-square test used for categorical data relationships. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. SPSS version 22 was deployed to analyze the results. Mean standard deviation was used to illustrate numerical data. Results The majority of dog bite victims reported to us were from sub-urban areas of Peshawar, the majority were male 207(74.7%), and female 64(23.1%). The most common victims were under 15 years of age majority had 37.2% 272(98.2%) arrived with an intact primary survey. 93.5% had an unprovoked bite and 6.5% reached with the obviously contaminated wound. 96% had washed their wound at home soap and water and other antiseptic solution 5% of them needed fluid resuscitation and intravenous analgesia. 242(81.4%) were category III wounds. Conclusion: Controlling free-roaming and stray dog’s population is a cornerstone for preventing these disfiguring wounds. Adequate lavage and selective debridement can minimize the scar. For Wounds larger than 3 cm combined efforts with general surgery and plastic surgery/maxillofacial surgery can give a better outcome. Keywords: Stray dog, laceration puncture, soft tissue, soft tissue loss, healing by secondary intension, primary closure