bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near Infrared Spectroscopic Study on the Adsorption of Methanol on Silica Gel
Authors: Christy Alfred A.
Published: March 2013

The silanol groups on Silica gel surface are sites for adsorption of polar molecules. Alcohols and other polar molecules are easily adsorbed by forming hydrogen bondings with OH groups on silica gel surface. A study on the adsorption of methanol on silica gel was carried out by using NIR spectroscopy in combination with ssecond derivative techniques. Four of the well characterised silica gel samples were used in this study. Each of the silica gel (0.25g) samples with different surface areas and silanol number was pressed into a small disc, placed in a glass vial and the physically adsorbed water molecules from the surface of the silica gel particles were removed by heating the sample to 200 °C under vacuum. The near infrared spectra of the cooled sample was recorded by a Perkin Elmer spectrum one NIR spectrometer equipped with a transflectance accessory and a deuterated triglycine detector at a resolution of 16 cm-1. The glass vial was then opened and a tiny tube filled with methanol was inserted in the glass vial. Then the near infrared spectra of the sample during the adsorption of methanol were recorded at regular time intervals until there is no apparent change in the spectra. The second derivative profiles of the spectra were obtained using the instruments’ software. The mass of the silica gel pellet was determined by an analytical balance and the methanol adsorbed on the surface was calculated. The number of methanol layers on the silica gel surface was calculated using the silica gel particle characteristics of the samples. The results show that the adsorption evolution of methanol progresses on the samples and the surface was covered by a mono layer within the first 60 minutes. Furthermore, it appears that the adsorption of multilayer on methanol starts after all the surface silanol groups are exhausted.
The Unique Organic Microfertilizer as the New Prospective Compound for Agroecology
Authors: Gilmanov Murat , Yrezhepov Adil , Dosbaev Nurzhan , Ibragimova Sanyam , Esmambetov Adlet
Published: March 2013

We developed the methods for purification of OMF from green glumes of cereals ears by hydrophobic and reverse phase choreographies. The study of properties of OMF shows that it could find widest application for vegetative reproduction of the trees plants in forestry, gardening and viticulture. Also OMF find wide application for conservation of rare and endangered species of plants by stimulation of germination of the weak germinated seeds. It is very important of the application of OMF for the increasing of tolerance of crop plants to tress conditions. In contras of all bioregulators which applied in agriculture and ecology OMF acts at concentration hundreds times less.
Characterization of ZnO Thin Films Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition with Various Temperatures
Authors: Li Tsai Cheng , Chang Rwei Ching , Jhu Pei Sin
Published: March 2013

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is utilized to grow high performance zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films, where the effects of ALD process temperature on the thin film properties are also studied in this work. Some major properties of the ALD ZnO films are characterized and compared with those of sputtered ZnO films. Significant differences are observed that the electrical resistances of the ALD ZnO films are largely improved, while the optical transmittances also increase. Nevertheless, the adhesion and mechanical properties of the ALD films are worse than the sputtered films because of the weak bonding in the ALD process. For various substrate temperatures, the ALD ZnO films with 200°C behave the best performance.
A Study of Coating Surface Microstructure and Characteristics of Coated Paper Related to Binder
Authors: Li Ying , Gu Wen Juan , He Bei Hai
Published: March 2013

The surface topography and properties of coating layer have an important influence on penetration and distribution of the print ink. In this research, the main objective was to investigate the effect of binder on the coating surface topography and characteristics. The surface microstructure was explored in the method of numerical and visual analysis using mercury porosimetry measurment and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings indicated that the binder content on the coating surface affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. The conclusions were drawn that more amount of binder on the coating surface could contribute to improve the coating surface topography and the formation of even pore size and distribution, which was good to the paper surface characteristics and resulted in low roughness, high paper gloss, low ink absorption and high paper surface efficiency.
Preparation of Magnetic Fluids Based on Associated Polymers
Authors: Barabanova Anna , Shibaev Andrei , Molchanov Vyacheslav , Philippova Olga , Khokhlov Alexei
Published: March 2013

This paper describes two methods of preparation of magnetic fluids based on associated polymers. The first method is ultrasonic (US) dispersing of magnetite microparticles (MP) in aqueous solutions of associated polymers such as hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides (HM PAAm) – terpolymers of acrylamide (AAm), sodium acrylate (SA) and N-dodecylacrylamide (DDAA). According to the second method the magnetic fluids were formed by addition of magnetic polymers, synthesized by means of a micellar copolymerization of AA, SA and DDAA in the presence of MP, into water. The investigation of the rheological properties has shown that magnetic fluids obtained can be reversibly transformed in physical gels in magnetic field (MF).
Study of Thermal Technical Properties of Lightweight Concrete with Utilization of Non Stationary Hot-Wire Method
Authors: Zach Jiri , Hubertova Michala , Peterková Jitka
Published: March 2013

This paper describes the results of research that was focused on the study of thermal insulation properties and behaviour of lightweight expanded clay aggregate concrete. During the research it was carried out a determination of the thermal conductivity on a series of test samples with different volume weight and different mechanical properties. Determination of the thermal conductivity coefficient at lightweight concrete is quite difficult due to high in homogeneousness of the tested material being result of high open structure. Stationary and non-stationary measurement methods were used to determine the thermal insulation properties, which were reviewed for their relevance to the application.
Optical Triode Based on Electrically Induced Quadratic Cascading in an Optical Superlattice
Authors: Huang Dong , Wang Dong , Wang Yu Qing
Published: March 2013

×Χ×We demonstrate here an optical triode from the principle of electrically induced quadratic cascading in single lithium niobate optical superlattice, predicted by the united theory of second-harmonic generation/parametric down conversion and electro-optic effect. In the optical superlattice, the e-polarized fundamental wave is first converted to double frequency one with the same polarization. At the “on” state, the PDC after SHG is triggered by a weak o-polarized fundamental wave (control wave) with the aid of applied electric field at the point where fundamental wave almost exhausted; finally, the double frequency wave is converted again to e-polarized fundamental one as high output. And when the control wave is absent, only the SHG takes place; fundamental output is at “off” state. The optical triode would have a response shorter than ps and a amplification ratio of 2*103
Comparison of Various Object Stress Rates under Simple Shear
Authors: Kim Dong Keon , Hu Jong Wan
Published: March 2013

Object Stress rates to predict the behavior of material have been researched based on numerically and theoretically for researchers who study continuum mechanics due to its complexity. This study focused on the various objective stress rates which assumed the finite deformation theory. Eight object stress rates (Oldroyd, Truesdell, Cotter–Rivlin, Jaumann, Green–Naghdi, Eulerian, grangian, and logarithmic object stress rates) were introduced using continuum mechanics and analyzed to derive the numerical solution to the simple shear problem. Numerical results from each object stress rate were analyzed and compared with the results of the other stress rates. Finally, the appropriate object stress rate for the simple shear problem was determined based on the numerical results from eight objects stress rates.
Kinematic and Dynamic Stress Analysis of the Structural System of Wheel Loader Based on the Rigid-Flexible Coupling
Authors: Zheng Xi Jian , Yuan Cong Qi , Chang Xiao Hua , Li Yun Peng , Gao Xiao Wei
Published: March 2013

Based on the rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototyping technology, the entities model of wheel loaders structural system was established by using Pro/E, then it was imported into the ADAMS environment and constraints were added to create a rigid model, and the corresponding rigid body was replaced by the model neutral file generated by ANSYS, thereby the rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype was established. The speed and acceleration curve of bucket in a work cycle, the dynamic stress of link and the rear frame was achieved, and the dynamic characteristics of the bucket was analyzed. This paper can provide a reference for similar models of rigid-flexible coupling dynamics simulation.
Research and Development of Measuring Equipment for Treadmill Exercise Energy Transfer
Authors: Chien Zi Jie , Cho Hung Pin , Jwo Ching Song , Chien Chao Chun
Published: March 2013

This study developed a set of equipment that can measure the treadmill exercise energy consumption accurately, and apply the exercise energy consumption to refrigeration and heating devices, thus supplying hot water and chilled water for users. Exercise energy consumption is conventionally measured based on the amount of exercise, but this study used non-electric mode to drive refrigeration and heating devices. According to the measurement results, the heat energy generated by exercise energy is 65 kcal; as compared with the 70 kcal measured by calorie meter, the result is within 10% of error range, thus proving that the proposed measuring method is worth research and development. In addition, without conventional energy sources, 3,000c.c of hot water (45°C) and 1,500c.c of cold water (7°C) could be generated within 20min use of the treadmill. The proposed equipment can measure the exercise energy consumption, and support the refrigeration and heating system to produce free hot water and cold water. This is an environmentally-friendly and innovative multifunctional equipment worthy of further research and development .
Some New Applications of MEMS in the Biomedical and Environmental Fields
Authors: Chen Ying Jian
Published: March 2013

With the great progress of production process，MENS have applied to a lot of areas in recent years，and today they have become "fundamental devices"，which are comparable with the IC. In this paper，we first discuss the main distinct advantages of MEMS as well as the important differences between MEMS and IC，then some latest research progresses on biomedical MEMS applications and MEMS sensor technology for harsh environment applications are briefly reviewed. Finally，possible future developments of MEMS are prospected.
Design of Ka Band Patch Microstrip Antenna Array on LCP Substrate
Authors: Jia Sheng Li , Liu Bing , Zhao Yong Jiu
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a 35 GHz patch microstrip antenna array on an organic LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) substrate. To achieve a higher gain and narrower 3 dB beamwidth, a 4×4 antenna array has been designed and simulated using a 2×2 antenna array as unit array. The results show that an 18.9 dBi of gain and a 3 dB beamwidth of 20.7degrees.
Study on Post Processing for MIKRON Five-Axis Machining Center Based on Catia V5
Authors: Feng Zhan Rong , Wang Li Xia , Wang Jie
Published: March 2013

To solve the NC post processing problems of generated tool path file APT generated by Catia V5 in the application of MIKRON UCP600 Vario five-axis machining center, on the basis of the theoretical analysis of tool path parameter and data calculation, the post processor programmed with VC++ that is accordance with machine tool was used. It verified with Simulation and material test: the NC post possessing program can be directly used in CNC machining without manual modification. Furthermore, there was no mark by tool path and the accuracy of the size meets the requirements.
Improved Dark Current Properties in Bi-Layer Structured Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Ohtani Naoki , Majima Shouta
Published: March 2013

Organic photodiodes operating in the near-infrared (NIR) region with an operating wavelength of about 850 nm, which corresponds to GaAs-based optical devices, were fabricated by wet process. In the active layer, Copper(II)5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-octabutoxy-2,3-naphthalocyanine was used as NIR absorption material. A wide-bandgap polymer was doped to decrease the dark current, and an n-type organic semiconductor was doped to increase optical sensitivity. To decrease the dark current further, an electron-blocking layer was added onto the anode. This bi-layer structure was found to be very useful for decreasing the dark current. We also evaluated the on/off ratio, which is very important for application to optical communication devices.
The Application of Virtual Reality Technology on Modern Sports
Authors: Liu Yi Wei
Published: March 2013

Computer virtual reality technology is a new type of technology in recent years, which has been used to every field widely and plays an important role. Putting the virtual reality technology into sports field will benefit scientific training of competitive sports and digital research of skilled theory, which will facilitate the rapid development of modern sports. Virtual reality technology has begun to be applied usually in the fields of sports event broadcast, theoretical digital sports training and physical education.
Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Carbon Steel AISI 1050 in Heat Effected Zone
Authors: Peasura Prachya , Sumarn Lersak
Published: March 2013

The research was study the effect of post weld heat treatment parameters on microstructure and hardness in heat affected zone. The specimen was carbon steel AISI 1050 which thickness of 6 mm. The experiments with full factorial design. The factors used in this study were post weld heat treatment(PWHT) temperature of 500, 550, 600, 650 and post weld heat treatment time of 10 and 15 hour. The welded specimens were tested by tensile strength testing and hardness testing according to ASTM code. The result showed that both of post welds heat treatment temperature and post weld heat treatment time had interaction on hardness at 95% confidential (P value < 0.05). A factor affecting the hardness was the most PWHT temperature 550 ๐C and PWHT time 10 hr. of 279 HV. Microstructure can be concluded that low PWHT temperature and time effect on temper martensite with a coarse grain and martensite scattered throughout. Martensite was a smaller and greater fine grain, the ferrite and the volume decrease due to a higher temperature.This research can be used as data in the following appropriate PWHT parameters to carbon steel weld.
Effect of Riveting Parameters on Strength of Aluminium Joint
Authors: Sripunchat Teerawut , Jirapattarasilp Komson
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this research was to study rivets parameters which were affecting to strength of joint of aluminium. Full factorial experimental design was conducted as 3 factors and 3 levels. The parameters were consisted of three levels of drilled holes, buck-tail length and upset distance. Furthermore, the experiment was done by pan-head rivet. The lap joint was selected to experiments on the specimens that were consisting of three thicknesses of 1, 2 and 3 mm. The main factors and interaction between factors that affected to strength of joint was analyzed. Effect of drilled holes size, buck-tail length and upset distance on strength of joint was discussed. The effect of thickness on strength of joint was reported. In order to finding suitable of upset distance, the tension load was analyzed and compared.
The Optimization Program of Reverse Circulation Drilling Equipment
Authors: Xue Xiao Hui , Su Zhong Ming
Published: March 2013

Based on the analysis of the problems about the reverse circulation drilling in the practical application, such as the ability of the drilling depth, application in the loose layer, the construction of the pile hole with large diameter, three optimization programs are put forward, and evaluated in combination with the project examples of Wuhan Baishazhou cable-stayed bridge. Finally, some experiences in construction practices are given.
BAS Municipal Wastewater Advanced Treatment Process
Authors: Wu Qi , Song Qian Wu , Jiang Le Yong , Dai Jin Guo , Wang Hong Liang , Wu Shao Wei
Published: March 2013

BAS (Biochemical Adsorption Separation) process is a kind of municipal wastewater advanced treatment process which could treat municipal wastewater directly to meet the Ⅳ class of surface water standard. BAS process integrated by 4 technologies: (1) high elastic cilia filler biochemical treatment technology, (2) effluent from the facultative oxygen zone technology, (3) AZ - 01 ammonia nitrogen adsorption technology and (4) active ceramic filtration technology. The effluent quality of BAS process could reach CODCr≤30mg/L, BOD5≤6mg/L, TP≤0.3mg/L, TN≤1.5mg/L and SS≤1.5mg/L. BAS process has the advantages of easy operation, stable treatment effect, little construction and low operation cost. It is suitable use in our country special sensitive area such as Tai Lake, Dian Chi, etc. and some area which requires higher water quality.
Water Flooding Curve in Determining the A Reservoir Water Flood Sweep Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: March 2013

A reservoir in the Jurassic natural water drive development of sandstone reservoirs, reservoir rock sandstone and siltstone and fine particle size, carbonatites cement content less, does not affect the reservoir properties. A reservoir average porosity of 18% and average permeability of 45 × 10-3μm2, belongs in porosity and low permeability reservoir, and the reservoir was not continuous development, strong heterogeneity. A reservoir development characteristics, application of water flooding curve and the related empirical formula A reservoir water flooding sweep efficiency.
Optimized Product Design Methodology: A Combinatorial Reverse Logistic Cost-Benefit Analysis Model of WEEPs
Authors: Huang Jia Lli
Published: March 2013

The growing amount of waste electrical and electronic products has been a tough issue in many countries. Widely expressed public concern for the environment and increasingly stringent regulations have been putting pressure on related manufacturers, forcing them to produce and dispose products in an environmentally responsible manner. Thus, during the conception and development of products, emphasis is now being put on designing products for ease of recycling and disposal. This paper presents a mathematical programming model as a tool for identifying the best design plan for optimization of WEEPs reverse logistic cost among alternative schemes. The monetary factors in the model includes the costs of main activities during the whole product recycling process, which consists of transportation, inspection, clean, repair, disassembly, materials recovery and wastes disposal as well as the benefits derived from returned products to be reused and recovered and energy acquired from the solid wastes incineration. Based on the presented model, designers could figure out the best combination options in materials, structural layout and inter-part connections. Finally, different design plans for optical mouse are discussed as a case example to offer a better insight into the proposed model and product design methodology.
The Effects of Processing Parameter on Melt-Blown Filtration Materials
Authors: Xu Qing Yan , Wang Yin Min
Published: March 2013

The preparation of melt-blown filtration materials was studied in this paper. The effects of collection distance, screw speed, air temperature on web structure and properties were discussed, and moreover, fiber diameter, thickness, surface density, pore size, air permeability and breaking force of PP nonwoven fabrics were characterized in this paper.
Numerical Simulation for Microstructure Evolution in In718 Alloy During Cylindrical Cup Backward Extrusion
Authors: Hu X. , Mei R. B. , Zhu F. , Fan Y. , Liang Y. B. , Wang X. B. , Wang D. G. , Jing Z. R.
Published: March 2013

A coupled numerical simulation between thermal-mechanical and microstructure evolution was realized through embedding the developed user subroutines into the FEM software DEFORM-3D system. Then the dynamic recrystallization fraction and average grain size of In718 alloy in cylindrical cup backward extrusion with different parameters was solved and analyzed. The complete dynamic recrystallization occurs in the middle of cylinder wall and the grain size is the finest. However, the grain size of top of cylinder wall changes less because of the less plastic deformation. Furthermore, higher speed of punch is useful to the DRX but it is not enough time to occur dynamic recrystallization completely with much higher speed of punch. In spite of more recrystallization occurring in the bottom, the grains grow in the cylinder wall so that much higher temperature goes against improving finer and uniform of grain size. Therefore, it is better for obtaining finer and uniform grain size with 1000(°C)-1050(°C) and 5(mm/s) in In718 alloy cylindrical cup backward extrusion according to the research.
Fire Endurance of Concrete Elements Reinforced with GFRP Bars
Authors: Almerich-Chulia Ana , Molines-Cano Jose , Martin-Concepcion Pedro , Rovira-Soler Juan
Published: March 2013

Fire engineering is primarily to prevent loss of life or injury during a fire. Obviously the best way to achieve this is to prevent ignition, minimizing fire spread and smoke, dying the fire before it has fully developed. When this is not possible, when the fire is fully developed, structural elements must guarantee sufficient fire resistance. If containment methods fail, structural integrity must stay for a period long enough to evacuate occupants and firemen put out it. This investigation studies the bearing capacity of GFRP reinforced concrete element, its fire resistance, variations of its mechanics characteristics and its bonding to concrete when temperature rises, together others changes that may occur in the element.
Real-Time Investigation of Engineered Nanomaterials Cytotoxicity in Living Alveolar Epithelia with Hopping Probe Ion Conductance Microscopy
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zhu Hui , Lu Hu Jie , Li Ying , Zhang Jian Ning , Zhang Yan Jun
Published: March 2013

Widely used engineered nanomaterials (NMs) display unique properties that may have impact on human health, and thus require a reliable evaluation of their potential cytotoxicity. There is a continuing need for real-time imaging techniques capable of studying the interactions between NMs and living alveolar epithelial cells under physiological conditions. A new developed noninvasive HPICM is designed for continuous high-resolution topographic imaging of living cells, which makes it an ideal tool to study NMs cytotoxicity in living alveolar epithelia by performing reliable repetitive scanning. In this review, we concisely introduced the operation principle of HPICM and its applications to real-time investigation of engineered NMs cytotoxicity in living alveolar epithelia. Published results demonstrate that non-contact HPICM combined with patch-clamp has the potential to become a powerful microscopy for real-time studies of NM-cell interactions under physiological conditions.
Material Testing and Evaluation of Steel Mechanical Properties for Classification of Steel Grade of Existing Civil Engineering Structure
Authors: Karmazínová Marcela , Melcher Jindrich
Published: March 2013

The paper is generally focused on the determination and evaluation of yield and ultimate strengths of structural steels, not only current materials but also materials of existing steel structures when the properties are unknown and no material certificates exist. The attention is paid i.a. to the testing and evaluation of steel strengths, especially from the viewpoint of the statistical elaboration of material test results aimed to obtain strength values leading to the reliable structural design [3], in the meaning of general rules according to the European Standards for structural design of civil engineering constructions. The paper deals with actual yield and ultimate strengths obtained using material tests and with characteristic and design strengths based on the test results evaluation versus nominal and design strengths given by European Standards which are used for the structural design in the usual cases when steel grade is known. But in the case of existing structures, very often no information about the material exist that actual values of steel properties shall be determined using material tests and their statistical elaboration to obtain such values of steel properties which lead to the reliable structural design [3], [6], [7]. However, approaches of the derivation of characteristic and design steel strengths using actual test results are principally different from the consideration of nominal and design steel strengths covered by the rules of the European Standards. This paper illustrates the evaluation of the results of material tests performed on the test specimens taken from the steel roof structure of the sport stadium almost 50 years aged, within the diagnostics of load-carrying steel structures of this building [1] aimed to the evaluation of the existing construction [2].
Thin Film Solar Cells and their Development Prospects in Yunnan
Authors: Wang Xiao Yan , Wu Qiong , Li Hai Yan , Ju Hai Dong , Yang Hai , Luo Jin Long , Pu Li Ying , Du Shan , Wang Hai
Published: March 2013

Thin-film solar cells (TFSC) have made great progress during the past decade and consequently are now attracting extensive academic and commercial interest because of their potential advantages: lightweight, flexible, low cost, and high-throughput production. The strengths and weaknesses of different thin-film solar cells: amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells, multi-compound thin-film solar cells, organic thin-film solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells are discussed. Finally, prospects for the development of thin film solar cell technology in Yunnan province are discussed.
Large Area Uniform Microstructures on Silicon Surface Created with a Picosecond Laser Beam Scanning
Authors: Wang Xi Yuan , Huang Yong Guang , Liu De Wei , Wang Bao Jun , Zhu Xiao Ning , Zhu Hong Liang
Published: March 2013

We present the experimental results of picosecond pulse laser microstructuring of silicon in the SF6 atmosphere using the galvanometer scanning technique. With appropriate irradiation conditions, a large variety of surface microstructures even nanostructures were produced. By rapidly scanning, a uniform array of micro-crater structure with 10nm in depth is generated on the crystal silicon surface. At low scanning speed, large area uniform self-organizing micro-grating, micro-hole, or micro-cone structure can be produced by cumulative pulses irradiation. These results suggest that picosecond laser scanning technique is a flexible method to produce uniform surface micro-nanostructures, which exhibits great potential for applications in photoelectron devices, special surface marking and surface modification.
Ultra-Precision Machinability and Properties of Electroless-Nickel
Authors: Pramanik Alokesh , Basak Animesh
Published: March 2013

Electroless-nickel (EN) and very few other materials are suitable for ultra-precision machining. This material exhibits excellent properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance which are essential for molding die. This paper discusses the properties of EN and links with the ultra-precision machinability of this material. It is found that chip formation processes changes with the cutting condition. Phosphorus content and heat treatments significantly affect the machinability of EN in terms of tool wear, machining force and surface finish.
Evaluation and Characterization of Reliable Packaging Method for Neuromotor Prosthetic Device
Authors: Tan Kwan Ling , Lim Rui Qi , Yee Tack Boon , Cheng Ming Yua
Published: March 2013

Neural probe array is used for neural recording and simulation applications. It will be implanted into the motor cortex of a paralytic human to control robotic arm and perform tasks such as grasping an object. The major components are silicon (Si) probes, Si platform, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), polyimide flexible cable and wireless IC. In-plane Si probes are inserted into the Si platform to form a three-dimensional (3D) probe array. Wirebonding technique is used to integrate the ASIC and the probe array. Pad finishes play an important role in wire bonding as it would affect the reliability of the electrical connections. As such, the focus of the paper will be on the evaluation and characterization of an electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) pad finishing and its bonding parameters for wirebonding application. ENIG pad having a 0.1-µm gold (Au) thickness combined with an additional Au stud and wirebonding temperature of 200 °C are found to have comparable wirebonding capabilities as a 0.3-µm thick Au finishing pad. The wire pull test result and SEM observation between the ENIG and Au finishing pad at different bonding parameters were presented and discussed.
Extraction of Lipase from Rice Bran Using Aqueous Two-Phase System
Authors: Wang Qing Yun , Lin Qin Lu , Li Xiao Hao
Published: March 2013

Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is an efficient and economical bioseparation technique. In this paper, the PEG2000/(NH4)2SO4 aqueous two-phase system was used to extract lipase from rice bran, and the best conditions were 24% PEG2000, 14% (NH4)2SO4, 15% addition of crude enzyme and pH 7.5. At this condition, the partition coefficient and activity recovery were highest and the activity recovery could achieve 90.29%.
Removal of Sulfate and Iron from Coal Mine Waste by Using SRB Batch Bioreactor
Authors: Wang Hai Xia , Zhang Ming Liang
Published: March 2013

Leachate from coal mine waste is a serious environment problem, which has been considered as the major pollution problem associated with coal mining activities owing to high concentrations of sulfate, iron and other heavy metals. Biological treatment by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) has been considered as one promising alternative method for the treatment of acid leachate from coal mine waste. The treatment is based on the metabolism of SRB with organic carbon as electron donor and sulfate as electron acceptor, and the process can remove heavy metals as sulfide precipitates. In this study, ethanol was investigated as carbon source required for SRB to treat coal mine waste leachate by batch experiment. Inoculation of coal mine waste in batch reactors with SRB resulted in the efficient neutralization and high removal of sulphate (84.3%) and iron (97.2%). The result showed that the removal of sulfate and iron by inoculating coal mine waste pile with SRB could be a potential alternative to traditional treatment of coal mine waste.
Prediction of Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Mixture Based on Viscoelastic Properties of Asphalt Mortar
Authors: Zhan Xiao Li
Published: March 2013

The objective of this study is to predict the asphalt mixture dynamic modulus using the viscoelastic properties of asphalt mortar. The dynamic viscoelastic characteristics of asphalt mortar and asphalt mixture are tested at different temperatures and loading frequencies using dynamic shear rheometer, such as storage modulus, loss modulus and phase angle. The complex modulus of asphalt mortar, volume parameters and Hirsch model were used to predict complex modulus of asphalt mixture. The experimental measurements of dynamic modulus were employed to compare with the predictions. The result showed this method can predict complex modulus of asphalt mixture very well.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cr-W-B-N Coating Deposited by DC Reactive Magnetron Co-Sputtering
Authors: Tseng Lin Yung , Chen Jhewn Kuang , Hsu Kai Hung , Wu Wan Yu , Chang Chi Lung
Published: March 2013

Nanocomposite Cr-W-B-N coatings with various tungsten contents were synthesized on silicon wafer substrates. The used technique is a DC reactive magnetron co-sputtering deposition equipped with a Cr-B alloy target with 20 at.% B and a W target in a mixed argon/nitrogen plasma atmosphere. Composition and microstructure of the obtained coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscope and transmission electron microscope while the micro-hardness was measured using a depth-sensing nano-indenter. The results have shown that the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Cr-W-B-N coatings were strongly dependent on either the tungsten content or the volume fraction of W-N crystalline phases. It was observed that the micro-hardness of Cr-W-B-N coatings is lower than that of Cr-B-N coating as the tungsten content is less than 24 at.% and the volume fraction of W-N crystalline phases is lower than 37 vol.%. As the tungsten content further increased to 30 at.% and the volume fraction of W-N crystalline phases increased to 55 vol.%, the micro-hardness of Cr-W-B-N coating was found enhanced to 19 GPa and higher than Cr-B-N film. It was also obtained that the volume fraction of Cr-N crystalline phases is inversely proportional to the volume fraction of W-N crystalline phases.
Application of Low Carbon Materials in Packaging
Authors: Ji Hai Qi
Published: March 2013

Excessive packaging waste and toxic contaminating material applications have imposed severe impairs on human living environment. It has become the focus of low carbon packaging material study as how to apply low carbon and environmental material and bring packaging material back to its original nature. This paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of packaging materials, and makes a study on low carbon material application in wine, tea and soft drink products based on discussions of original ecological simple packaging materials, sustainable and reusable packing materials as well as biomimetic packing materials in view of low carbon application. In view of the strategy of sustainable development, development in low carbon and environmental material and exploration of new and improved materials are of great significance to green packaging progress.
The Effect of Electrode Parameters on Lead-Acid Battery Performance
Authors: Esfahanian Vahid , Kheirkhah Pooyan , Bahramian Hassan , Ansari Amir Babak , Ahmadi Goodarz
Published: March 2013

The investigation of design parameters is greatly helpful to use the optimum capacity of an electrochemical cell, which can be obtained from both experimental and numerical methods. In this study, a lead-acid battery has been simulated numerically using the CFD commercial software package FLUENT. The governing equations, including conservation of charge in solid and liquid phases and conservation of species, are solved by creating user defined functions. The effect of some basic parameters such as electrode porosity, discharge current density and width of the electrodes on the cell voltage behavior of a lead-acid battery is investigated. It has been shown that the increasing of the thickness and porosity of the PbO2electrode has more pronounced effect on the performance of battery than the Pb one.
The Research of Product Innovative Design Methodology-The Exploration and Practice of Interesting Design
Authors: Li Jing Tian , Sheng Qing
Published: March 2013

Interesting design is a very important product innovative design methodology, and it can promote the user experience and market value of the product effectively. The paper will analyze different categories and levels of interesting design and summarize some methods of interesting design. Then, the paper will show a theory-based practice of interesting design on kitchen appliances.
Research on Evaluation and Optimization Modeling of Engineering Equipment’s BDRA Capacity
Authors: Yuan Long , Jiang Liang Yan , Dong Zheng Cai
Published: March 2013

To solve the evaluation and optimization problem of engineering equipment’s BDRA capacity, Frank-wolfe algorithm and its reformative algorithm are adopted. The basal evaluation and optimization modeling of engineering equipment’s BDRA capacity is formed, the one-rank optimization conditions of the modeling are deduced and the modeling is expanded to be a static network one. An instance is brought forward to validate the evaluation and optimization modeling in the end.
Using CFD Couple with Visual Basic to Investigate the Thermal Behavior for Fuel Rod Bowing Problem
Authors: Lin Wei Keng , Wang Jong Rong , Tseng Yung Shin , Chang Jui En
Published: March 2013

Nuclear fuel elements assemblies are generally consists of fuel rod bundles; each bundle is a concentric cylinder with three layers. Taking GE-8X8 for example, there is pellet, gap, and cladding from inside to outside. The diameter for each concentric cylinder is 9.26cm, 9.47cm, and 10.71cm respectively. In reality, a structure deformation may happen to those components due to the reason of radiation result in the high temperature of the bundles system. For the space of gap decreases by the expansion of pellet, the thermal conductivity might be under predicted and there is not enough study about this topic yet. To improve the accuracy of PRAs, more studies of the shrink phenomena on the gap between pellet and cladding are necessary. In this study, we had developed a program on the purpose of processes improvement for CFD simulation about spent fuel dry storage system. The program can adjust the dimension for each part of formation very friendly. We think it can also do some help on the needs if we want to compare the performance on heat transfer for different fraction on each part of bundle. In addition, the axial power distributions of the rod were also defined file by the user very easy, the results shown no obviously temperature difference between the full gap and 90% reduction of the gap.
Design Key Points for High Power LED Encapsulation
Authors: Zhao Zhan Feng , Ye Juan
Published: March 2013

LED performance was significantly improved because of the improvement of encapsulation design and materials properties. The design key points were reviewed in point view of optical, electrical, thermal, and reliability consideration. It was concluded that the packaging design should be simultaneously implemented with the chip design, integrally considering the optics, electrics, thermal, and reliability together. The interfacial thermal resistance and stress from packaging also play critical roles for the optical efficiency and reliability of packaged LED device.
Fuzzy Ball Drilling Fluid for CBM in the Ordos Basin of China
Authors: Wang Jin Feng , Deng Jin Gen
Published: March 2013

Fuzzy ball drilling fluids have been developed in order to effectively control lost circulation during CBM drilling. Depending upon fuzzy balls and colloids in fuzzy balls, the fuzzy ball drilling fluids changed their shapes and properties to completely plug underground heterogeneous seepage channels so as to strengthen the pressure bearing capacity of formations. This paper describes the available features of the fuzzy ball drilling fluid including efficient plugging, good carrying and suspension, formation damage control, compatible weighted by any weighted materials without auxiliary equipment. The fuzzy ball drilling fluids can finish drilling in low pressure natural gas zone, control CBM leakage; control the natural fractures, drilling in different pressures in the same open hole, combination with the air drilling mode, etc. during Ordos CBM drilling. The fuzzy ball drilling fluid will not affect down-hole motors and MWD. The fuzzy ball drilling fluid will be blend simply as conventional water based drilling fluids. The existing CBM drilling equipment can completely meet the fuzzy ball drilling mixing and it is maintained conveniently. The fuzzy ball drilling fluid is the efficient drilling fluid.
Synergistic Effects of MoDTC and Overbased Calcium Sulfonate Additive
Authors: Zhou Zhao , Xia Yan Qiu , Ge Xiang Yu
Published: March 2013

The synergetic effects of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate (MoDTC) and overbased liner alkyl benzene synthetic calcium sulfonate (OBCaS) on the tribological performance of lubricant were investigated using reciprocating ball-on-disk sliding friction tester. The results showed that the two kinds of additives with a certain range of concent ration could improve tribological properties of alone MoDTC. The mass percent of 0.5% MoDTC and 2% OBCaS in pure poly-alpha-olefin (PAO) has the best friction reducing and anti-wear properties.
Advance Control of Vibration Mill with High Vibration Intensity Based on SCM(III) – Simulation Debugging and Test Comparison Analysis
Authors: Yang Xiao Lan , Liu Ji Feng , Jia Min Ping , Zou Jing Chao , Xiao Zeng Wen , Lu Xue Bin
Published: March 2013

An intelligent frequency advance control system based on Single-Chip-Microcomputer is developed. By simulation debugging of the system, existing problems is find, and the solutions to this problems are proposed so that improve the control system. Comparing with conventional vibration mill, the high vibration intensity(≥18) with certain frequency of the advance control system presents discontinuously, and super-high vibration intensity(≥20) presents several times. The result shows the advance control system can not only achieve the high vibration intensity with certain frequency, but also effectively control overrun and overtime of vibration intensity. The engineering effect of effective deaggregation and grain refinement in the super-hard powder superfine grinding is gained.
Fast Pedestrian Detection for Intelligent Vehicle Based on FPGA and Monocular Vision
Authors: Miao Xiao Dong , Li Shun Ming , Wei Min Xiang , Shen Huan
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a fast pedestrian detection algorithm for intelligent vehicle based on FPGA architecture, using AdaBoost algorithm and Haar features. We describe the hardware design including image scaling, integral image generation, pipelined processing as well as classifier, and parallel processing multiple classifiers to accelerate the computational speed of the pedestrian detection system. The proposed architecture for pedestrian detection has been tested using Verilog HDL and implemented in Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA. Its performance has been measured about 38 times than the equivalent software implementation.
FPGA Verification for the OR1200 Subsystem in AVS-SoC
Authors: Lv Qian , Cui Li Gong
Published: March 2013

This paper adopts a completely open-source OR1200 to development the CPU subsystem in AVS-SoC video decoder. Through the reasonable optimization and configuration for the core and its peripherals, it greatly enhanced the AVS chip’s reusability and integration level. At first, the author successfully completed the simulation in RTL-level. And then for the OR1200 can be better used in AVS video decoder chip, designers set up a verification platform for OR1200 subsystem on FPGA board. The author elaborated on the process of software design and hardware transplant from ASIC to FPGA, and then verified and optimized the performance for this CPU subsystem. Setting up AVS decoding system on FPGA, the project can software/hardware co-verify the video decoder, which will greatly accelerate the SoC chip’s development. Through the verification on FPGA board, testing for OR1200-based system has achieved the desired results.
Study on New Task Scheduling Strategy in Cloud Computing Environment Based on the Simulator CloudSim
Authors: He Zhong Tang , Zhang Xiao Qing , Zhang Heng Xi , Xu Zhi Wei
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the principle and mechanism of CloudSim is analyzed. The layered architecture of CloudSim is emphasized, including user code layer, cloud resource layer, cloud service layer, network layer, virtual machine service layer and user interface structure layer. Based on these works, taking the task scheduling in cloud environment as a research object, five task scheduling algorithms are proposed and are extended into CloudSim platform. Then a specific cloud simulation scene is deployed and five simulation experiments are carried out. The cloud computing simulation and the extension of task scheduling strategy in CloudSim become easily by the help of such works.
Research on the Generation of Two-Dimensional Fitted-Body Grid by Adjacent Boundary Nodes Sliding Method
Authors: Feng Zhan Rong , Wang Li Xia , Cui Jun Hua
Published: March 2013

. In this paper, the basic theory of Adjacent Boundary Nodes Sliding Method is studied based on C++ and by using ObjectARX as the re-development tool of AutoCAD. During the mesh generation and iteration process, the method of adjusting the orthogonal property between the grid lines and the boundary by using Adjacent Boundary Nodes Sliding Method is elaborated. The orthogonal property of four common structured grids: Laplace, TM, Potential Flow Theory, and WEI Wen-li Method, have been adjusted with this method. Experiment results indicate that the orthogonal property between the grid lines and the boundary is improved obviously by using Adjacent Boundary Nodes Sliding Method to generate two-dimensional body-fitted grids, without changing the original control functions which play a major role in the adaptability of grid lines and physical domain of flow field. A solid base is provided for the subsequent Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculation.
Surface Morphology and Structural Investigation of TiN Nanocrystal Thin Films Grown with Different N2 Concentration
Authors: Jiramongkolsiri Udom , Thanomngam Pitiporn , Pankiew Apirak , Porntheeraphat Supanit , Nukeaw Jiti
Published: March 2013

In this work, new information on surface morphology, phase and local structure of titanium nitride (TiN) nanocrystal thin films grown with different nitrogen gas concentration by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering is provided. Surface morphology of the thin films was studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Phase and local structure of the TiN nanocrystals were determined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The TiN nanocrystals were prepared on silicon substrates. N2/Ar gases were used as reactive gases for sputtering Ti target. The amount of these two reactive gases was varied at different ratios (N2/Ar), i.e. 100:0, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 respectively. Our results suggested that sputtering Ti target with high N2/Ar gas raSubscript texttio (higher than 75%) provides good TiN layer while sputtering with low N2/Ar gas ratio (lower than 25%) gives Ti layer instead of TiN. In addition, sputtering with 50% N2/Ar gas ratio gives a multiphase system between TiN and Ti. Local structure parameters of these nanocrystal thin films are reported.
Matching the Russian HIL with the EILOG06 Logging System
Authors: Luo Ming Zhang , She Lu , Xiong Xiao Dong
Published: March 2013

In order to match the Russian HIL with the EILOG06 logging system, a logging signal converter between PCM and CAN introduced in this paper, in which the functions of PCM3508 coding, decoding and CAN communication integrated in a micro-chip. The development of converter based on the scheme achieved good performance on small volume, lower power waster and high reliability, which had been proved feasible by the experiments of field experiment.