bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actors and Networks in the Megacity
Authors: More Prachi
Published: October 2017

This study is a concise introduction to Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory and its application in a literary analysis of urban narratives of the 21st century. We encounter well-known psycho-geographers such as Iain Sinclair and Sam Miller, and renowned authors, Patrick Neate and Suketu Mehta. Prachi More analyses these authors' accounts of vastly different cities such as London, Delhi, Mumbai, Johannesburg, New York and Tokyo. Are these urban narratives a contemporary solution to documenting an ever-evasive urban reality? If so, how do they embody "matters of concern" as Latour would have put it, laying bare modern-day "actors" and "networks" rather than reporting mere "matters of fact"? These questions are drawn into an inter-disciplinary discussion that addresses concerns and questions of epistemology, the sociology of knowledge as well as urban and documentary studies.
Architektur und Geistesgeschichte
Authors: Confurius Gerrit
Published: October 2017

Wie lässt sich Architektur in der intellektuellen Tradition Europas verorten? Gerrit Confurius geht den Elementen einer Geistesgeschichte der Architektur in ihren Varianten und Entwicklungen sowie bezüglich ihrer Verknüpfungen nach. Die Studie überschreitet die Grenzen der akademischen Disziplinen und widmet sich den Bausteinen zu einer philosophischen Grundlegung der Architektur, der Architekturtheorie, Ansätzen zur Architektursoziologie und der Semiotik-Geschichte ebenso wie raumbezogenen Kunst-Konzepten, politischen Utopien sowie literarischer Motivik. Der Stoff, mehr aus Ideen und Theorien bestehend als aus dem materiellen Substrat, mehr Gedachtes als Gebautes, kreist um einige zentrale Begriffspaare wie Orte und Grenzen, Leib und Blick, Technik und Bastelei, Funktion und Ornament, Mitte und Peripherie, Gedächtnis und Permanenz.
Geschichte wiederholen
Authors: Engelke Heike
Published: October 2017

Der Begriff »Reenactment« (engl. to reenact: nachstellen, wieder in Kraft setzen) bezeichnet eine ästhetische Praxis der Wiederaufführung und des Nachstellens historischer Ereignisse. Heike Engelke untersucht einen Paradigmenwechsel in der Diskussion von nachstellenden Strategien als künstlerischen Zugang zu Geschichte und ihren Ereignissen. Sie plädiert für die Ausarbeitung eines Vokabulars zu deren Beschreibung - mit dem Ziel, sich nicht in der Diagnose einer naiven Vergegenwärtigung oder eines kritischen Surplus in der spezifischen Wiederholung des Reenactment zu erschöpfen. Vielmehr gilt es, der vielschichtigen Verhandlung des Vergangenen innerhalb der Gegenwartskunst gerecht zu werden.
Generationscapes
Authors: Ullmann Katrin
Published: October 2017

Reisen, Arbeiten, Abenteuer - Welche Erfahrungen machen Backpacker, wie erleben sie den globalen Raum und wie wirkt sich dies auf ihre Biographien aus? Katrin Ullmann bietet mit den »Generationscapes« ein mehrdimensionales Modell für die Analyse globaler Generationalität, das sowohl zeitliche als auch räumliche Dimensionen analytisch neu für die Generationentheorie erschließt und die Komplexität gegenwärtiger Biographien in Bewegung abbildet: Am Beispiel der Backpacker, einer besonders mobilen sozialen Gruppe, offenbaren sich individuelle Erfahrungen und kollektive Schlüsselerlebnisse als Teil einer ambivalenten Globalisierung.
Der Gefangene als Phantom
Authors: Siewert Stephanie
Published: October 2017

Der »hooded man« aus dem Abu-Ghraib-Folterskandal war 2004 medial omnipräsent und erhitzt seitdem Diskussionen über die Repräsentation von Gefangenschaft als Form der Selbst- und Fremdbeschreibung. Stephanie Siewert zeigt, dass die Inszenierungen von Gemeinschaft in Darstellungen der Gefangenschaft nicht neu sind. Ihre transnational angelegte Studie zeichnet nach, wie Literatur und Medien seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts an der Herstellung und Dekonstruktion einer Phantom-Position beteiligt sind, die sich in der Moderne über verschiedene Strukturen der Bannung manifestiert. Dabei wird das Wechselspiel ethnischer, sozialer und geschlechterspezifischer Zuschreibungen in den ästhetischen Anordnungen und Verfahren des Verschwindenmachens betont.
Congoism
Authors: Van Hove Johnny
Published: October 2017

To justify the plundering of today's Democratic Republic of the Congo, U.S. intellectual elites have continuously produced dismissive Congo discourses. Tracing these discourses in great depth and breadth for the first time, Johnny Van Hove shows how U.S. intellectuals (and their influential European counterparts) have been using the Congo in similar fashions for their own goals. Analyzing intellectuals as diverse as W.E.B. Du Bois, Joseph Conrad, and David Van Reybrouck, the book offers a theorization of Central West Africa, a case study of normalized narratives on the "Other", and a stirring wake up call for all contemporary writers on international history and politics.
Selbst und Raum
Authors: Müller Matthias C.
Published: October 2017

Jeder Mensch steht in einem mehr oder weniger klaren Verhältnis zur eigenen Person, zu dem, was man auch das Selbst nennt. Hierbei spielt der Raum eine entscheidende Rolle - denn der Mensch ist nicht begreifbar ohne den Ort, an dem er sich aufhält. Matthias C. Müllers raumtheoretisch fundierte Neubeschreibung des philosophischen Großthemas Selbstheit bzw. Subjektivität zeigt nicht nur, daß menschliches Dasein nicht ohne Bezug auf das Wohnen im Raum begriffen werden kann, sondern auch, daß eigentlich nicht der Mensch den Raum hervorbringt, sondern vielmehr der Raum den Menschen.
Die Stadtbrache als »terrain vague«
Authors: Broich Jacqueline Maria , Ritter Daniel
Published: October 2017

Die Brachfläche hat längst ihren Ruf als städtebauliches Ärgernis verloren und ist zu einem Hoffnungs- und Möglichkeitsraum für neue Formen urbanen Lebens avanciert. Im Rahmen dieser Neubewertung spielte sowohl in der Architekturtheorie als auch in Literatur und Kunst der französische Begriff des terrain vague eine entscheidende Rolle. Dennoch ist bei der Betrachtung der Stadtbrache die Geschichte des in der französischen Romantik und Moderne verankerten Begriffs bisher übersehen worden. Dieser Band liefert daher eine historische und systematische Untersuchung des Konzepts des terrain vague.
Vertrauen innerhalb von Organisationen
Authors: Richter Caroline
Published: October 2017

Was kennzeichnet Vertrauen innerhalb von Organisationen? Vertrauen, so kann Caroline Richter auf Basis einer qualitativen Sekundäranalyse von Interviews mit Führungskräften zeigen, ist an bestimmte Praktiken geknüpft, mit denen eigene Interessen verfolgt werden: Es ist ein informationsgebundenes, strategisches und politisches Phänomen. Und es ist mindestens ebenso durch affektive Ansprüche wie durch rationale Abwägungen gekennzeichnet - ein Befund, der die in Theorie und Praxis etablierte utilitaristische Perspektive deutlich erweitert.
Epilepsy Metaphors
Authors: Vaja Eleana
Published: October 2017

Between 1990 and 2015, American literature saw the emergence of a new corpus of epilepsy metaphors which tackle the stigma of epilepsy within three areas: society, body, and language. Eleana Vaja introduces concepts such as protometaphors, relational metaphors, epileptic texts, and metastability to categorize and examine these foci further. Applying philosophy as well as "hard sciences" (i.e. mathematics, medicine, physics) to disability studies, her study of selected works by Siri Hustvedt, Thom Jones, Reif Larsen, Dennis Mahagin, Audrey Niffenegger, Rodman Philbrick, and Lauren Slater shows how epilepsy metaphors redefine the notion of the "liminal" and the "normal".
A importância do pensamento de Saussure e da teoria de Chomsky para a Linguística Moderna
Authors: Parreira Míriam Silveira
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo refletirá sobre a importância do pensamento saussuriano e da teoria linguística de Chomsky, a partir de abordagem bibliográfica de suas propostas acerca da linguagem. Tomar-se-ão como objetos de análise: a) os pontos fundamentais das ideias de Saussure, apresentadas no Curso de Linguística Geral (2006 [1916]), por seus discípulos; b) as delimitações de Chomsky sobre a linguagem, que foram alteradas com o passar do tempo e resultaram em estudos que contribuem para a compreensão da organização sintática das línguas. A revisitação desenvolvida neste trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma explanação teórica da diferença fundamental entre o pensamento de Saussure e a teoria chomskyana para demonstrar como ambos os pesquisadores abordaram a linguagem; além disso, rememorar a importância das propostas de Chomsky para o desenvolvimento dos estudos linguísticos modernos.
Análise multimodal – estudo dos recursos semióticos em textos de livro didático do 7º ano sob a perspectiva Sistêmico-Funcional
Authors: Da Silva Jeniffer Streb , Martins Noara Bolzan
Published: October 2017

O nosso objetivo com este estudo é analisar a relação intersemiótica de texto multimodal, em uma seção de leitura de um livro didático de Língua Portuguesa do 7º ano. Esta análise foi realizada através das categorias que constituem a metafunção ideacional (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) e representacional (KRESS; van LEEUWEN, 2006) e por meio do estudo das categorias de status (MARTINEC; SALWAY, 2005). Percebemos que um texto pode ser carregado de elementos verbais e visuais, e cada modalidade interfere na outra no sentido de manter/reforçar ou gerar determinados sentidos. Precisamos entender que ambas as modalidades são elementos inerentes um ao outro.
An overview of the contemporary English language
Authors: Marques Welisson
Published: October 2017

In this unprecedented interview, the English linguist David Crystal outlines the lexical and morphological changes within the English language, particularly in the last decade. In addition, he discusses neologisms incorporated to the English language (British), especially those originating from Brazilian Portuguese. Finally, Crystal talks about the growth of varieties of global English and, also, the phenomenon entitled: "New English(es)".
Quadro de análise da sustentabilidade para instituições de ensino superior: Aplicação em um estudo de caso
Authors: Machado Diego de Queiroz , Matos Fátima Regina Ney , Sena Augusto Marcos Carvalho de , Ipiranga Ana Silvia Rocha
Published: October 2017

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as atividades sustentáveis de uma instituição de ensino superior, considerando suas dimensões econômica, social e ambiental (triple bottom line), a partir da aplicação de um novo quadro de análise. Para tanto, optou-se pela utilização da metodologia de estudo de caso, realizada em uma IES, a Universidade de Fortaleza (Unifor), selecionada como caso para esta pesquisa pelas diversas premiações recebidas nos últimos anos por suas ações e projetos voltados para a sustentabilidade. Como fontes de coleta sobre a IES foram utilizados dados documentais relacionados à universidade e entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas com vice-reitores, diretores e chefes de divisões da universidade, sendo tais dados organizados e analisados com o auxílio do software de análise de dados qualitativos NVivo (versão 10) e a aplicação da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, os destaques em termos de maiores capacidades sustentáveis foram as atividades relativas às consequências econômicas das atividades, projetos de responsabilidade social e relacionamento com agentes relevantes. Em contrapartida, as atividades dentro da dimensão ambiental, de gestão ambiental e educação ambiental, foram as de menor nível de desenvolvimento de capacidades sustentáveis. Assim, a aplicação do novo quadro de análise permitiu evidenciar o atual estágio de desenvolvimento da universidade em torno de suas atividades sustentáveis, destacando tal quadro como alternativa aos quadros de análise já desenvolvidos neste âmbito.
Ocena prehranskega stanja starejših v socialnovarstvenem zavodu
Authors: Urh Nika , Babnik Katarina , Rebec Doroteja , Poklar Vatovec Tamara
Published: October 2017

Uvod: Eden od dejavnikov kakovosti življenja starejših v socialnovarstvenem zavodu je prehrana. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti prehransko stanje in ponuditi predloge za izboljšanje prehrane starejših v socialnovarstvenem zavodu. Metode: V raziskavi je bila uporabljena kvantitativna opisna metoda raziskovanja. Analizirani so bili dnevni jedilniki v socialnovarstvenem zavodu in na vzorcu starejših (n = 48) izvedena analizo dejanskega vnosa hranil in prehranskega statusa. Prehransko stanje je bilo ugotovljeno na podlagi indeksa telesne mase in vprašalnika Mini prehranski pregled. Vključeni v raziskavo so imeli prehrano, pri kateri dietne prilagoditve niso bile potrebne. Rezultati: Povprečna energijska vrednost ponujenih jedilnikov je znašala 8457 kJ (2021 kcal) na dan, 17 hranil je odstopalo od priporočil. Moški (M) in ženske (Ž) se statistično pomembno razlikujejo v deležu ostanka maščob (μM = 16 %, μŽ = 24 %; p = 0,036), holesterola (μM = 15 %, μŽ = 26 %; p = 0,035), vitamina D (μM = 15 %, μŽ = 27 %; p = 0,017) in vitamina B12 (μM = 17 %, μŽ = 25 %; p = 0,016). Indeks telesne mase je pokazal, da nihče od starejših, ki so bili vključeni v raziskavo, ni bil podhranjen ali v kategoriji debelost III. stopnje. Diskusija in zaključek: Raziskava je potrdila potrebo po sistematičnem spremljanju kakovosti prehrane starejših v socialnovarstvenih zavodih. Da bi starejšim zagotovili ustrezno prehransko oskrbo, je potrebno sodelovanje medpoklicnega tima s starejšimi in njihovimi družinskimi člani.
Traditional medicinal plant knowledge of some spermatophytes of Samar Bagh Valley, Lower Dir District, Pakistan
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Ahmad Imran , Saeed Sidra Hassan
Published: October 2017

The study on traditional knowledge of medicinal plants which are used by local people of Samar Bagh valley in district Lower Dir, Pakistan resulted in the report of 41 species of seed plants which belong to 37 genera and 30 families. Amongst them are 55% herbs, 25% shrubs, 17 % trees and 3% rhizome bearing species. The local peoples who use these plants for the treatment of various diseases were farmers, those who are raring of live stock and hakims.
Water-based, surfactant-free cytocompatible nanoparticle-microgel-composite biomaterials – rational design by laser synthesis, processing into fiber pads and impact on cell proliferation
Authors: Million Nina , Coger Vincent , Wilke Philipp , Rehbock Christoph , Vogt Peter M. , Pich Andrij , Barcikowski Stephan
Published: October 2017

This work highlights the laser-based aqueous synthesis and processing of nanocomposites, composed of zinc or iron nanoparticles embedded in a
The way Syrian refugees in Turkey use media: Understanding “connected refugees” through a non-media-centric and local approach
Authors: Smets Kevin
Published: October 2017

This paper reports on an exploratory, qualitative study of media
use among Syrian refugees in Turkey, focusing on two locations: a
refugee camp in Sanliurfa (South-Eastern Turkey) and a community
center in Istanbul. It seeks to provide new angles for conceptualizing
the “connected refugee” by adopting a non-media-centric and
ethnographic approach that emphasizes diversity, local contexts and
everydayness. Firstly, the paper discusses the interplay between
individual and collective ownership of media and ICTs, which is linked
to certain power dynamics and an informal economy of solidarity.
Secondly, the role of popular media (e.g., music, television series,
football) for establishing ontological security in an interstitial and
unstable position is discussed.
Placenta increta complicating a second trimester cervical pregnancy: a case report
Authors: Tamhane Nupur , Parikh Aditi , Joshi Vivek M.
Published: October 2017

Cervical ectopic pregnancy is defined as implantation of the embryo in the endocervical canal below the level of the internal os. It is a rare condition that accounts for 0.15% of all ectopic pregnancies. As it can lead to complications such as uncontrolled hemorrhage, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This paper illustrates a rare case of a 2nd trimester cervical pregnancy with failed conservative management due to the limitations of ultrasonography. Successful conservative management requires not only early diagnosis but also usage of other sophisticated techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can help in detecting adherent placenta.
Influence of Business Incubators Performance on Entrepreneurial Intentions and Its Antecedents during the Pre-incubation Stage
Authors: Giordano Martínez Karla Roxana , Fernández-Laviada Ana , Herrero Crespo Ángel
Published: October 2017

The pre-incubation phase is critical in the forming of entrepreneur’s intention and however it is almost missing in literature. Using the entrepreneurship models based on the beliefs–attitude–intention relationship, a sample of 167 pre-incubated entrepreneurs within the well-known System of Business Incubators of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education was surveyed and its statistical analysis developed with Structural Equation Modelling methodology. Our findings confirm that (1) entrepreneur’s perception concerning the incubator’s performance directly and positively affects the desirability, self-efficacy and the facilitating conditions, (2) the perceived desirability and feasibility in entrepreneurship, as well as the first ones, self-efficacy and facilitating conditions, positively influence the entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, contrary to the traditional mind-set that supports risk is a barrier, results suggest that (3) the risk perceived by pre-incubated entrepreneurs positively influences entrepreneurial intentions and the desirability that is attributed to that behaviour. Finally, these results also provide insights for organizational leaders and policymakers into managing business incubators and organising their formative programs. The effectiveness of incubators is clear but it is also important to communicate it properly so that incubated individuals can perceive it.
Der ausgeloste Bischof. Zu Situation und Funktion des Losverfahrens bei der Besetzung hoher Kirchenämter im Mittelalter
Authors: Wagner Wolfgang Eric
Published: October 2017

Der Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, in welchen historischen Situationen, unter welchen Bedingungen, auf das Losverfahren bei der Besetzung hoher kirchlicher Ämter in den christlichen Institutionen des Mittelalters zurückgegriffen wurde. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei mögliche Motive der Beteiligten, diesem Entscheidungsmodus gegenüber der Wahl den Vorzug zu geben. Außer dem Beweggrund, für jeden die Zugänglichkeit von Ämtern zu ermöglichen und bestimmte, ungleich verteilte Qualifikationen auszuschließen, lassen sich weitere Motive der Akteure feststellen. So ist zunächst in allen betrachteten Fällen eine Externalisierung der Entscheidung, das heißt, eine Übertragung auf eine äußere Instanz, und zwar Gott, zu konstatieren. In mehreren Fällen ist zudem eine Anwendung des Losverfahrens zur Abwehr äußerer Einflussnahmen und zur Lösung von Konflikten zu beobachten. So griff man insbesondere bei gleichstarker Kräfteverteilung zwischen den Konfliktparteien als Kompromiss auf das Losen zurück. Für reformorientierte christliche Gemeinschaften wie die Katharer und die Böhmischen Brüder diente der Bezug auf das Losen in der urchristlichen Gemeinde in erster Linie dazu, sich deutlich von der Amtskirche abzusetzen; man stellte sich damit bewusst außerhalb des Kirchenrechts. Zugleich war aus dem Exempel der Heiligen Schrift eine starke Legitimation für die eigene Position zu beziehen. Der knappe Überblick über die Organisierung von Losverfahren bei der Besetzung hoher Kirchenämter im Mittelalter macht deutlich, dass eine Entscheidungsfindung durch das Los keineswegs irrational ist.
Humanitäre Hilfe im Zeitalter Napoleons. Bürgerliche Gesellschaft und transnationale Ressourcen am Beispiel Erfurts
Authors: Götz Norbert , Palmowski Frank
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Artikel untersucht am Beispiel Erfurts die Verteilung humanitärer Hilfsgelder des Londoner „Committee for Relieving the Distresses in Germany and Other Parts of the Continent“ (1805–1815). Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den Jahren 1814 und 1815, denn die Quellen zur ersten Hilfskampagne der Jahre 1805 und 1806 sind spärlich. In beiden Fällen spielten deutsche Immigrantennetzwerke innerhalb der britischen Bibelgesellschaft eine entscheidende Rolle, im hier vorgestellten Falle insbesondere der in Erfurt gebürtige Londoner Pastor Ernst August Schwabe. Der Artikel beleuchtet die organisatorische Abwicklung der Hilfe und zeigt, wie die Londoner und Erfurter Zivilgesellschaft über die Hilfskampagne miteinander verzahnt waren und wie das Erfurter Verteilungskomitee aufgrund seines lokalen Horizonts nicht in die ihm zugedachte überregionale Rolle hineinwuchs. Er macht divergierende Interessen der Geber auf unmittelbare Nothilfe und der Empfänger auf langfristige Nutzung der bereitgestellten Ressourcen deutlich. Ein Großteil der Hilfe kam am Ende einem Fonds für Kriegswaisen zugute, dessen Ausschüttungen in der Praxis vom örtlichen Frauenverein kontrolliert wurden.
Innovation und Ressentiment. Ernst Kantorowicz im historiographischen Diskurs der Weimarer Republik
Authors: Greiert Andreas
Published: October 2017

Mit seiner Zurückweisung naturwissenschaftlicher Vorgehensweisen und seiner Betonung eines künstlerischen Charakters der Geschichtsschreibung bezieht Ernst Kantorowicz zur Zeit der Weimarer Republik geschichtstheoretische Positionen in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zu J. G. Droysen und bereichert die deutsche Geschichtsschreibung der Zwischenkriegszeit um einen fraglos bemerkenswerten und theoretisch anspruchsvollen Beitrag. Gerade mit seiner entschiedenen Zeitbezogenheit, mit dem Versuch, mythische Bilder zur Kompensation eines historisch beschädigten Nationalgefühls zu instrumentalisieren, erscheint Kantorowicz’ Ansatz indes im 21. Jahrhundert als obsolet. Ein Vergleich mit dem zeitgenössischen Geschichtsdenken Walter Benjamins verdeutlicht, dass eben die Motive, in denen Kantorowicz’ „Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite“ das „geheime Deutschland“ des George-Kreises repräsentiert, im gegenwärtigen Wissenschaftsdiskurs nur noch verstörend wirken können.
Preparation of Mo/HZSM-5/Bentonite Catalyst for Methane Aromatization in a Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Lasobras J , Medrano J.A , Soler J , Herguido J , Menéndez M , Jimenez A , Da Silva M , Franco M.J , Barrio I , Lázaro J
Published: October 2017

Methane aromatization is a promising technology for the transformation of natural gas to added-value products. The main objective of this work was to obtain a catalyst with suitable performance and good mechanical stability for methane aromatization reaction in fluidized bed reactors. The selected catalyst was Mo/H-ZSM-5/bentonite mixture. Mo/ZSM-5 was chosen as the active material, since it provides good selectivity to aromatics but the particle size of the zeolite was too small for operation in a fluidized bed and a binder was needed. We prepared two series of catalysts with two different zeolites. We tested several heating velocities (1, 7 and 10 °C min‒1) in the different stages of catalyst synthesis. Methane conversion and selectivity to aromatic products improved when using gentle thermal treatments, increasing 2% and 10%, respectively, for the best catalyst tested.
An extension of the method of brackets. Part 1
Authors: Gonzalez Ivan , Kohl Karen , Jiu Lin , Moll Victor H.
Published: October 2017

The method of brackets is an efficient method for the evaluation of alarge class of definite integrals on the half-line. It is based on a small collection of rules, some of which are heuristic. The extension discussed here is based on the concepts of null and divergent series. These are formal representations of functions, whose coefficients an have meromorphic representations for n ∈ ℂ, but might vanish or blow up when n ∈ ℕ. These ideas are illustrated with the evaluation of a variety of entries from the classical table of integrals by Gradshteyn and Ryzhik.
Spurensuche
Authors: Harrison Edward
Published: October 2017

Vorspann

Es gibt kaum Bücher zur Geschichte des Dritten Reichs, die nur wenige Jahre nach dem apokalyptischen Ende verfasst wurden, aber bis heute anerkannt sind und aufmerksame Leser finden. Dazu gehört Hugh Trevor-Ropers 1947 erschienene Studie „The Last Days of Hitler“, die ein Jahr später ins Deutsche übersetzt und seither wiederholt neu aufgelegt wurde. Edward Harrison spürt den Wurzeln dieses Bestsellers nach, analysiert die Doppelrolle Trevor-Ropers als Historiker und Geheimdienstoffizier und legt seine von Misstrauen und rastloser Reisetätigkeit geprägte Arbeitsweise offen. Harrison kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass Trevor-Roper das Material für sein Buch weitgehend selbst zusammengetragen und nicht großzügig die Vorarbeiten von Kollegen ausgewertet hat, wie auch behauptet worden ist.
Der Krieg und der Tod
Authors: Großheim Martin
Published: October 2017

Vorspann

Wenn von Vietnam die Rede ist, so drängt sich die Assoziation an den Vietnamkrieg zwischen 1964 und 1975 auf. Dabei gerät in Vergessenheit, dass die Geschichte des Lands jahrzehntelang vom Krieg geprägt war. Die Gegner hießen Frankreich, USA, Kambodscha und schließlich China. Martin Großheim wirft ein facettenreiches Schlaglicht auf einen kaum erforschten Aspekt der Gewaltgeschichte Vietnams: Er arbeitet die Bedeutung des Heldengedenkens für ein lange geteiltes, und dann unter kommunistischer Herrschaft wiedervereinigtes Land heraus, betont die politisch-legitimatorische Funktion des von der Kommunistischen Partei propagierten Märtyrerkults und verweist auf zivilgesellschaftliche Räume für alternative Formen des Gedenkens, die sich in den letzten Jahren eröffnet haben.
Das Ungelesene lesen
Authors: Polian Pavel
Published: October 2017

Vorspann

Nur wenige Mitglieder des Sonderkommandos von Auschwitz, in dem jüdische Häftlinge Hilfsdienste bei den Gaskammern und Krematorien leisten mussten, überlebten. Einige verfassten, den sicheren Tod vor Augen, Botschaften an die Nachwelt und vergruben sie. Zu ihnen gehörte Marcel Nadjari aus Thessaloniki, der wie durch ein Wunder mit dem Leben davonkam. Seine Aufzeichnungen wurden erst 1980 gefunden – kaum noch lesbar. Pavel Polian gelang es mit Hilfe des Informatikers Aleksandr Nikitjaev, einen Großteil des Texts zu rekonstruieren. Er dokumentiert die nach über 70 Jahren zugänglichen Mitteilungen aus der Todeszone hier erstmalig weitgehend vollständig in deutscher Sprache.
Laboratory Evaluation of Aging on Engineering Properties of Fine-Graded Porous-Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Liao M.-C. , Lin Y.-Y. , Tseng M.-Y.
Published: October 2017

Porous-asphalt concrete (PAC), with its large portion of void content, would result in an increased potential for accelerating aging. Rapid oxidation of the asphalt binder films has an adverse impact on the structural durability of PAC pavements. In addition, the use of fine-graded PAC is more desirable; they have a potential to be more economical because they can be placed in thinner layers. The aim of this work is to characterize the influence of aging on the engineering properties of fine-graded PACs. Test results show that aged PAC mixtures are found to have the better performance in tensile strength and rutting resistance compared to unaged PACs, but the aging has a detrimental influence on the raveling resistance and moisture susceptibility. The 4-day long-term aging procedure led to a considerable reduction in the tensile-strength ratio for PAC mixtures irrespective of binder type and gradation. In addition, the values of resilient modulus and tensile strength for the fine-graded PACs appeared to be higher than those for the coarser-graded PAC mixture. Based on the results obtained from the wheel track testing, the use of premium asphalt enhanced the cohesive strength and adhesion, thereby reducing the proportional rut depth of PAC. In terms of the overall performance evaluation, the fine-graded PAC with the highly modified asphalt binder can be used without compromising engineering properties.
Flexible Pavement Interface Bonding: Theoretical Analysis and Shear-Strength Measurement
Authors: Wang H. , Xu G. , Wang Z. , Bennert T.
Published: October 2017

It has been proven that the interface bonding between asphalt layers is critical to flexible pavement performance, especially for pavement overlays. However, the requirement on interface bonding strength has not been specified to prevent premature pavement failure, such as slippage cracking or early fatigue cracking. In this paper, pavement structural analysis was conducted to predict the interface shear stress between the surface and intermediate asphalt layers under the combination of vertical and horizontal loading at different temperatures. The effect of interface debonding on pavement life was quantified using the state-of-art mechanistic–empirical pavement-analysis software (AASHTO Pavement-ME) with local parameters. Field cores were taken to measure the interface bonding strength; using the direct shear device theoretical analysis, results show that the minimum-bond-strength requirement should be around 70 psi to prevent premature pavement failure, such as slippage cracking or fatigue cracking. This requirement can be easily achieved in field projects based on the testing results of bond strength from field cores.
A Family Study of the DSM-5 Section III Personality Pathology Model Using the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5)
Authors: Katz Andrea C. , Hee Danelle , Hooker Christine I. , Shankman Stewart A.
Published: October 2017

In Section III of the DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) proposes a pathological personality trait model of personality disorders. The recommended assessment instrument is the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5), an empirically derived scale that assesses personality pathology along five domains and 25 facets. Although the PID-5 demonstrates strong convergent validity with other personality measures, no study has examined whether it identifies traits that run in families, another important step toward validating the DSM-5's dimensional model. Using a family study method, we investigated familial associations of PID-5 domain and facet scores in 195 families, examining associations between parents and offspring and across siblings. The Psychoticism, Antagonism, and Detachment domains showed significant familial aggregation, as did facets of Negative Affect and Disinhibition. Results are discussed in the context of personality pathology and family study methodology. The results also help validate the PID-5, given the familial nature of personality traits.
A Multilevel Functional Study of aSNAP25At-Risk Variant for Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia
Authors: Houenou Josselin , Boisgontier Jennifer , Henrion Annabelle , d'Albis Marc-Antoine , Dumaine Anne , Linke Julia , Wessa Michèle , Daban Claire , Hamdani Nora , Delavest Marine , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Lançon Christophe , Schürhoff Franck , Szöke Andrei , Le Corvoisier Philippe , Barau Caroline , Poupon Cyril , Etain Bruno , Leboyer Marion , Jamain Stéphane
Published: October 2017

The synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 is a key player in synaptic vesicle docking and fusion and has been associated with multiple psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We recently identified a promoter variant inSNAP25,rs6039769, that is associated with early-onset bipolar disorder and a higher gene expression level in human prefrontal cortex. In the current study, we showed that this variant was associated both in males and females with schizophrenia in two independent cohorts. We then combinedin vitroandin vivoapproaches in humans to understand the functional impact of the at-risk allele. Thus, we showedin vitrothat thers6039769C allele was sufficient to increase theSNAP25transcription level. In a postmortem expression analysis of 33 individuals affected with schizophrenia and 30 unaffected control subjects, we showed that theSNAP25b/SNAP25aratio was increased in schizophrenic patients carrying thers6039769at-risk allele. Last, using genetics imaging in a cohort of 71 subjects, we showed that male risk carriers had an increased amygdala–ventromedial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity and a larger amygdala than non-risk carriers. The latter association has been replicated in an independent cohort of 121 independent subjects. Altogether, results from these multilevel functional studies are bringing strong evidence for the functional consequences of this allelic variation ofSNAP25on modulating the development and plasticity of the prefrontal–limbic network, which therefore may increase the vulnerability to both early-onset bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFunctional characterization of disease-associated variants is a key challenge in understanding neuropsychiatric disorders and will open an avenue in the development of personalized treatments. Recent studies have accumulated evidence that the SNARE complex, and more specifically the SNAP25 protein, may be involved in psychiatric disorders. Here, our multilevel functional studies are bringing strong evidence for the functional consequences of an allelic variation ofSNAP25on modulating the development and plasticity of the prefrontal–limbic network. These results demonstrate a common genetically driven functional alteration of a synaptic mechanism both in schizophrenia and early-onset bipolar disorder and confirm the shared genetic vulnerability between these two disorders.
The Role of Oscillatory Phase in Determining the Temporal Organization of Perception: Evidence from Sensory Entrainment
Authors: Ronconi Luca , Melcher David
Published: October 2017

Recent behavioral, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological studies have renewed the idea that the information processing within different temporal windows is linked to the phase and/or frequency of the ongoing oscillations, predominantly in the theta/alpha band (∼4–7 and 8–12 Hz, respectively). However, being correlational in nature, this evidence might reflect a nonfunctional byproduct rather than having a causal role. A more direct link can be shown with methods that manipulate oscillatory activity. Here, we used audiovisual entrainment at different frequencies in the prestimulus period of a temporal integration/segregation task. We hypothesized that entrainment would align ongoing oscillations and drive them toward the stimulation frequency. To reveal behavioral oscillations in temporal perception after the entrainment, we sampled the segregation/integration performance densely in time. In Experiment 1, two groups of human participants (both males and females) received stimulation either at the lower or the upper boundary of the alpha band (∼8.5 vs 11.5 Hz). For both entrainment frequencies, we found a phase alignment of the perceptual oscillation across subjects, but with two different power spectra that peaked near the entrainment frequency. These results were confirmed when perceptual oscillations were characterized in the time domain with sinusoidal fittings. In Experiment 2, we replicated the findings in a within-subject design, extending the results for frequencies in the theta (∼6.5 Hz), but not in the beta (∼15 Hz), range. Overall, these findings show that temporal segregation can be modified by sensory entrainment, providing evidence for a critical role of ongoing oscillations in the temporal organization of perception.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe continuous flow of sensory input is not processed in an analog fashion, but rather is grouped by the perceptual system over time. Recent studies pinpointed the phase and/or frequency of the neural oscillations in the theta/alpha band (∼4–12 Hz) as possible mechanisms underlying temporal windows in perception. Here, we combined two innovative methodologies to provide more direct support for this evidence. We used sensory entrainment to align neural oscillations to different frequencies and then characterized the resultant perceptual oscillation with a temporal dense sampling of the integration/segregation performance. Our results provide the first evidence that the frequency of temporal segregation can be modified by sensory entrainment, supporting a critical role of ongoing oscillations in the integration/segregation of information over time.
The MQM as the Liberal Savior of Karachi
Authors: Shafqat Sahar
Published: October 2017

This article examines the recent shifts in the ideological messaging of Karachi’s Muttahida Qaumi Movement. Faced with external challenges, the MQM has adapted by using the rhetoric of the “global war on terror” to gain advantage over its political opponents.
Space Militarization in South Asia
Authors: Ahmed Raja Qaiser , Arif Misbah
Published: October 2017

India’s quest for space weaponization will have consequences for regional stability. South Asia remains a precarious region given the historical rivalry between India and Pakistan and their posture of mutual deterrence. India’s pursuit of space weaponization and subsequent militarization will trigger an expensive and unnecessary arms race between India and Pakistan, exacerbating the fragility of the South Asian security matrix.
Liberal Internationalism, Jacksonian Nationalism, and the US One China Policy
Authors: Chen Dean P.
Published: October 2017

This article examines how Wilsonian foreign policy tradition has shaped the postwar US One China policy, and how Jacksonianism, championed by the Donald Trump administration, challenges that vision. Embracing militant nationalism, commercial mercantilism, and unilateralist diplomacy, Trump’s commitment to “One China” will more likely be conditional on Sino–American transactional interchanges.
The Women of the Foundation
Authors: Hay Kellie D. , Farrugia Rebekah
Published: October 2017

The authors examine the spaces, cultural practices, and relational possibilities that exist in one particular context of community hip-hop, the Foundation. Arguing that it offers Black girlhood studies forms of political action through cultural production, the authors draw on four years of ethnographic work. After explicating key connections that the Foundation shares with Black girlhood studies, the authors showcase a sample of the cultural production that Foundation artists create. In performance and reflection, the authors reveal how Foundation artists theorize the perilous pressures and uplifting pleasures of Black girlhood.
An Ode to Wildseeds
Authors: Moore Nathan Alexander
Published: October 2017

Charting my personal experiences with Saving Our Lives Hear Our Truths (SOLHOT), I argue that centering the lived experiences of Black girls and including their creative forms of expression and knowledge production allow for a rearticulation of forms of agency, social power, and meaning making. Thinking specifically about the ways Black girls are stereotyped and pathologized, I discuss how Black girls create, talk back, and resist through their creative processes of dance, play, and art.
Subcellular localization of MS4A13 isoform 2 in mouse spermatozoa
Authors: Kaneko Takane , Toshimori Kiyotaka , Iida Hiroshi
Published: October 2017

To identify upregulated genes during the development of spermatozoa, we performed PCR-selected subtraction analysis of testes RNA samples from 10-day-old and 12-week-old shrews. A transcript, highly homologous to two mouse transcripts, Ms4a13-1 and Ms4a13-2, was differentially regulated. Ms4a13-2, but not Ms4a13-1, was shown to be primarily expressed in mouse testes in an age-dependent manner. Ms4a13-2 cDNA contains an open-reading frame of 522 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 174 amino acids, with predicted molecular mass, 19,345 Da. MS4A13-2 protein was expressed along the periphery of nuclei of round and elongated spermatids (steps 3–16) in adult mouse testes, and in the equatorial region of the heads of fresh mature mouse spermatozoa. In addition, MS4A13-2 was found to localize to the outer acrosomal membrane in the equatorial region of heads in fresh spermatozoa. In acrosome-reacted spermatozoa, the MS4A13-2 expression extended to the entire sperm head including the postacrosomal region and acrosomal cap. MS4A family proteins are known to facilitate intracellular protein–protein interactions as ion channel/adaptor proteins by oligomerization, and have important regulatory roles in cellular growth, survival and activation. We report that the MS4A family member, MS4A13-2, may form oligomers in sperm membranes, which may be involved in an interaction with the zona pellucida or cumulus during fertilization.
Testing Genetic Pleiotropy with GWAS Summary Statistics for Marginal and Conditional Analyses
Authors: Deng Yangqing , Pan Wei
Published: October 2017

The ability to detect pleiotropy has important biological applications, but there is a lack of rigorous tests available. One exception is a recent test..

There is growing interest in testing genetic pleiotropy, which is when a single genetic variant influences multiple traits. Several methods have been proposed; however, these methods have some limitations. First, all the proposed methods are based on the use of individual-level genotype and phenotype data; in contrast, for logistical, and other, reasons, summary statistics of univariate SNP-trait associations are typically only available based on meta- or mega-analyzed large genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Second, existing tests are based on marginal pleiotropy, which cannot distinguish between direct and indirect associations of a single genetic variant with multiple traits due to correlations among the traits. Hence, it is useful to consider conditional analysis, in which a subset of traits is adjusted for another subset of traits. For example, in spite of substantial lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) with statin therapy, some patients still maintain high residual cardiovascular risk, and, for these patients, it might be helpful to reduce their triglyceride (TG) level. For this purpose, in order to identify new therapeutic targets, it would be useful to identify genetic variants with pleiotropic effects on LDL and TG after adjusting the latter for LDL; otherwise, a pleiotropic effect of a genetic variant detected by a marginal model could simply be due to its association with LDL only, given the well-known correlation between the two types of lipids. Here, we develop a new pleiotropy testing procedure based only on GWAS summary statistics that can be applied for both marginal analysis and conditional analysis. Although the main technical development is based on published union-intersection testing methods, care is needed in specifying conditional models to avoid invalid statistical estimation and inference. In addition to the previously used likelihood ratio test, we also propose using generalized estimating equations under the working independence model for robust inference. We provide numerical examples based on both simulated and real data, including two large lipid GWAS summary association datasets based on ∼100,000 and ∼189,000 samples, respectively, to demonstrate the difference between marginal and conditional analyses, as well as the effectiveness of our new approach.
Descripción de un caso de bradiarritmia en pacientes con síndrome de Down sin enfermedad cardiaca congénita
Authors: Rodríguez-Mendieta Ligia Helena , Quitián-Moreno Jerson , Mora-Pabón Guillermo
Published: October 2017

Introducción. Los pacientes con síndrome de Down sin enfermedad cardiaca estructural pueden presentar disfunción de la regulación autonómica cardiaca, lo cual se manifiesta mediante una contestación reducida de la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) frente a los estímulos. Con base en las respuestas hemodinámicas, se postuló que dichos pacientes tienen una reducción en las retirada vagales y la activación simpática. En esta revisión se explica el rol del sistema autonómico en el control de la FC y la respuesta cronotrópica atenuada observada en esta población.Objetivo. Describir, mediante la presentación de un caso clínico, la disfunción autonómica presente en los pacientes con síndrome de Down a fin de identificar las causas atribuidas por la evidencia científicaMateriales y métodos.Se describió un caso clínico y se realizó una búsqueda a través de PubMed con los términos: “Down Syndrome” AND “Bradycardia”, “VO2peak”, “Heart Rate Variability”, “Vagal Withdrawal”, “Sympathetic Activation”.Resultados. Los hallazgos sugieren que el ejercicio físico puede ser una intervención efectiva para mejorar la función cardiaca autonómica en personas con síndrome de Down. Además, las mejoras inducidas por el entrenamiento fueron alcanzadas por los participantes con niveles más bajos de modulación vagal al inicio del estudio en pacientes con y sin discapacidad, por lo que el entrenamiento puede ser eficaz para mejorar la aptitud cardiorespiratoria en quienes tienen un mayor grado de disfunción autonómica.Conclusión. Se presentó un caso clínico de síndrome de Down con disfunción sinusal, que podía estar relacionado con la disfunción de la regulación de la función cardiaca autonómica, dada por una FC reducida frente a los estímulos.
Cambios radiográficos en el penacho de la falange distal de las manos en pacientes con psoriasis o artritis psoriásica. Revisión sistemática
Authors: Izquierdo-Ramírez Yojhan Edilberto , Calvo-Páramo Enrique , Castañeda-Castillo Luisa María , Gómez Correa Sandra Viviana , Zambrano Fernán Santiago
Published: October 2017

Introducción. El penacho de la falange distal de las manos (PFDM) es una estructura ósea que sufre cambios sutiles en diversas enfermedades musculoesqueléticas. Hasta el momento, se desconoce el tipo y frecuencia de las lesiones del PFDM en psoriasis y artritis psoriásica (APs).Objetivo. Determinar en radiografía simple las anormalidades del PFDM en adultos con psoriasis y APs.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática buscando alteraciones radiográficas del PFDM en adultos con psoriasis y APs. La prevalencia de los hallazgos fue sintetizada usando un modelo de efectos fijos. Las asociaciones se expresaron como odds ratio (OR) con intervalos de confianza (IC) y valores p.Resultados. Se incluyeron 11 estudios observacionales. La alteración de mayor frecuencia en APs fue la resorción del PFDM con una prevalencia del 16%. El compromiso del PFDM en sujetos con onicopatía psoriásica fue mayor que en sujetos sin compromiso ungueal (OR=2.91; IC95%: 1.04–8.13; p=0.04), siendo las erosiones y la esclerosis los hallazgos de mayor importancia.Conclusión. La evidencia actual acerca del compromiso del PFDM en APs y psoriasis es limitada. Existe relación entre las alteraciones del PFDM y la patología ungueal en donde las erosiones y la esclerosis son las anormalidades más significativas.
Barreras de acceso y calidad en el control prenatal
Authors: García-Balaguera César
Published: October 2017

Introducción. El control prenatal (CPN) es una estrategia de costo eficaz en la prevención de mortalidad y morbilidad materna y perinatal. Aunque Colombia tiene una inscripción de gestantes al CPN del 94%, este logro no afecta el descenso de la mortalidad materno perinatal.Objetivo. Describir las barreras de acceso al CPN y la calidad de atención a gestantes en Meta.Materiales y métodos. Se diseñó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal y se realizó una encuesta que abordó aspectos como percepción de calidad de atención, barreras de acceso e integridad de la atención.Resultados. Se trabajó con 306 gestantes, cuya edad promedio fue de 24 años. El 66% tuvo una o dos gestaciones, el 15% ha tenido aborto y el 25% cesárea. El 74.17% tuvo cuatro o más controles. Existieron factores de riesgo asociados a menos de cuatro controles, percepción de la calidad del control con Odds ratio (OR, por su sigla en inglés) 22.7, inicio del CPN en segundo trimestre con OR 5.64, nivel de ingreso bajo con OR 5.12 y baja escolaridad de la madre con OR 3.62.Conclusión. Es necesario mejorar la calidad e integridad del CPN por los prestadores de salud como estrategia complementaria para asegurar su efecto en la reducción de la morbimortalidad materno y perinatal.