bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Failure to treat: an American policy perspective
Authors: Warburton Katherine
Published: October 2024

Throughout its two and a half centuries in existence, US mental health policy has repeatedly failed people living with schizophrenia. The failures are cyclical—the inhumane conditions uncovered in the first 75 years of existence were addressed with the construction of state asylums to deliver moral treatment. One hundred years later, the asylums were themselves revealed to be inhumane. Deinstitutionalization, the response to the failure of asylums starting in the 1960s, now drives outcomes such as homelessness, incarceration, and early death for people living with psychotic illnesses. In all cases, well-intentioned policy reform has failed at the level of implementation, largely due to a lack of accountability. The result has been a consistent failure to adequately treat people living with schizophrenia, which is now understood to be a highly treatable condition. As the country passes into a quarter millennium in existence, reform is once again underway. Unlike other points in history, there is good news. Other countries, such as Italy, have successfully leveraged reform to achieve greatly improved outcomes. Understanding US history and the successful implementation of policy change in other countries is imperative and teaches us that accountability in implementation is necessary to break the cycle of policy failure.
On the Foundations of Conflict-Driven Solving for Hybrid MKNF Knowledge Bases
Authors: KINAHAN RILEY , KILLEN SPENCER , WAN KEVIN , YOU JIA-HUAI
Published: October 2024

Hybrid MKNF Knowledge Bases (HMKNF-KBs) constitute a formalism for tightly integrated reasoning over closed-world rules and open-world ontologies. This approach allows for accurate modeling of real-world systems, which often rely on both categorical and normative reasoning. Conflict-driven solving is the leading approach for computationally hard problems, such as satisfiability (SAT) and answer set programming (ASP), in which MKNF is rooted. This paper investigates the theoretical underpinnings required for a conflict-driven solver of HMKNF-KBs. The approach defines a set of completion and loop formulas, whose satisfaction characterizes MKNF models. This forms the basis for a set of nogoods, which in turn can be used as the backbone for a conflict-driven solver.
Biogeochemical Reconstruction of Authigenic Carbonate Deposits at Methane Seep Site off Krishna‐Godavari (K‐G) Basin, Bay of Bengal
Authors: Pillutla S. P. K. , Peketi A. , Mazumdar A. , Sadique Mohd. , Sivan K. , Zatale Anjali , Mishra S. , Verma Swati
Published: October 2024

Active and relic marine methane‐seep sites are widely distributed globally and are distinguished by distinctive geology, biogeochemistry, and ecosystems. The discovery of methane‐seep sites in the Krishna‐Godavari (K‐G) basin has created exciting new opportunities for methane‐seep research in the Bay of Bengal. In this study, we document the occurrence of authigenic carbonates, including micro‐crystalline aragonite crust (arg‐crusts) admixed with chemosynthetic shells and high‐magnesium carbonate tubular structures (HMC‐tube), from the methane‐seep site SSD‐045/4 in the K‐G basin. The δ13C values of HMC‐tubes (−54.5 to −46.2‰) and arg‐crusts (−57.6 to −34.8‰) indicate biogenic methane as the likely carbon source. Enhanced porewater alkalinity driving carbonate precipitation may be attributed to microbial‐mediated SO₄2−‐AOM processes. Additionally, δ13C values (−35.2 ± 8‰) of the residual organic matter within the carbonates suggest a contribution of methanotrophic bacterial biomass. The δ18Ocarb values of HMC and aragonite indicate methane hydrate degassing and crystallization pathways, respectively. Pelloid‐filled burrows suggest the reworking of shallow HMC deposit by burrowing organisms, whereas the polyphase cementations (aragonite and HMC) within burrows indicate early and burial diagenetic pathways. The wide range in ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios and Ceanom values in arg‐crusts reflect micro‐spatial variations in redox conditions, likely due to cementation occurring in both open and closed diagenetic systems. In contrast, more constrained Ceanom values and ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios in HMC tubes suggest persistent sulfidic conditions. Overall, these findings provide insights into the pathways of carbonate formation at the K‐G basin methane‐seep site, highlighting the complex interplay of microbial processes, fluid dynamics, and diagenetic alterations.
A Lake Biogeochemistry Model for Global Methane Emissions: Model Development, Site‐Level Validation, and Global Applicability
Authors: Tan Zeli , Yao Huaxia , Melack John , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Jansen Joachim , Balathandayuthabani Sivakiruthika , Sargsyan Khachik , Leung L. Ruby
Published: October 2024

Lakes are important sentinels of climate change and may contribute over 30% of natural methane (CH4) emissions; however, no earth system model (ESM) has represented lake CH4 dynamics. To fill this gap, we refined a process‐based lake biogeochemical model to simulate global lake CH4 emissions, including representation of lake bathymetry, oxic methane production (OMP), the effect of water level on ebullition, new non‐linear CH4 oxidation kinetics, and the coupling of sediment carbon pools with in‐lake primary production and terrigenous carbon loadings. We compiled a lake CH4 data set for model validation. The model shows promising performance in capturing the seasonal and inter‐annual variabilities of CH4 emissions at 10 representative lakes for different lake types and the variations in mean annual CH4 emissions among 106 lakes across the globe. The model reproduces the variations of the observed surface CH4 diffusion and ebullition along the gradients of lake latitude, depth, and surface area. The results suggest that OMP could play an important role in surface CH4 diffusion, and its relative importance is higher in less productive and/or deeper lakes. The model performance is improved for capturing CH4 outgassing events in non‐floodplain lakes and the seasonal variability of CH4 ebullition in floodplain lakes by representing the effect of water level on ebullition. The model can be integrated into ESMs to constrain global lake CH4 emissions and climate‐CH4 feedback.
Operational SYM‐H Forecasting With Confidence Intervals Using Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Collado‐Villaverde Armando , Muñoz Pablo , Cid Consuelo
Published: October 2024

In this study, we develop a robust real‐time forecast system for the SYM‐H index using Deep Neural Networks and real‐time Solar Wind measurements along with Interplanetary Magnetic Field parameters. This system provides not only one‐off forecasts but also quantile‐based confidence intervals, offering a range within which the observed SYM‐H values are expected to fall, enhancing forecast reliability and usability. The model is tested both on historical level 2 science‐ready data and on preliminary observations, which are closer to the operational environment that the model is expected to work on, demonstrating the model's robustness and practical utility in real‐time scenarios. The integration of quantile forecasts into SYM‐H prediction models represents a significant advancement, providing decision‐makers with more accurate and trustworthy information to manage the hazard of geomagnetic storms.
Graphene MEMS and NEMS
Authors: Fan Xuge , He Chang , Ding Jie , Gao Qiang , Ma Hongliang , Lemme Max C. , Zhang Wendong
Published: October 2024

Graphene is being increasingly used as an interesting transducer membrane in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS, respectively) due to its atomical thickness, extremely high carrier mobility, high mechanical strength, and piezoresistive electromechanical transductions. NEMS devices based on graphene feature increased sensitivity, reduced size, and new functionalities. In this review, we discuss the merits of graphene as a functional material for MEMS and NEMS, the related properties of graphene, the transduction mechanisms of graphene MEMS and NEMS, typical transfer methods for integrating graphene with MEMS substrates, methods for fabricating suspended graphene, and graphene patterning and electrical contact. Consequently, we provide an overview of devices based on suspended and nonsuspended graphene structures. Finally, we discuss the potential and challenges of applications of graphene in MEMS and NEMS. Owing to its unique features, graphene is a promising material for emerging MEMS, NEMS, and sensor applications.
Hypoxia-dependent recruitment of error-prone DNA polymerases to genome replication
Authors: Yehuda Ran , Dromi Ido , Levin Yishai , Carell Thomas , Geacintov Nicholas , Livneh Zvi
Published: October 2024

Hypoxia is common in tumors and is associated with cancer progression and drug resistance, driven, at least in part, by genetic instability. Little is known on how hypoxia affects Translesion DNA Synthesis (TLS), in which error-prone DNA polymerases bypass lesions, thereby maintaining DNA continuity at the price of increased mutations. Here we show that under acute hypoxia, PCNA monoubiquitination, a key step in TLS, and expression of error-prone DNA polymerases increased under regulation of the HIF1α transcription factor. Knocking-down expression of DNA polymerase η, or using PCNA ubiquitination-resistant cells, inhibited genomic DNA replication specifically under hypoxia, and iPOND analysis revealed massive recruitment of TLS DNA polymerases to nascent DNA under hypoxia, uncovering a dramatic involvement of error-prone DNA polymerases in genomic replication. Of note, expression of TLS-polymerases correlates with VEGFA (primary HIF1α target) in a database of renal cell carcinoma, a cancer which accumulates HIF1α. Our results suggest that the tumor microenvironment can lead the cell to forgo, to some extent, the fast and accurate canonical DNA polymerases, for the more flexible and robust, but low-fidelity TLS DNA polymerases. This might endow cancer cells with resilience to overcome replication stress, and mutability to escape the immune system and chemotherapeutic drugs.
Gamma irradiation green synthesis of (polyacrylamide/chitosan/silver nanoparticles) hydrogel nanocomposites and their using as antifungal against Candida albicans and anti-cancer modulator
Authors: Khalil Salwa A. , Awadallah-F Ahmed , Khaffaga Mervat R. , Fathy Rasha Mohammad , Kodous Ahmad S.
Published: October 2024

Silver nanoparticles-loaded hydrogel nanocomposites are exploited for medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. Hydrogel nanocomposites were prepared from acrylamide (Am), chitosan (CS) and AgNO3 utilizing gamma rays. Diverse variables were applied in preparation of silver nanoparticles-laoded hydrogel nanocomposites of (PAm/CS)-AgNPs such as influence of radiation dose and influnece of CS concentration. Diverse techniques were utilized to characterize hydrogel nanocomposites; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results confirmed formation of silver nanoparticles-loaded hydrogel nanocomposites of (PAm/CS)-AgNPs. Antifungal activity of (PAm/CS)-AgNPs hydrogel nanocomposites on viability of C. albicans was esitmated. Results displayed the efficient microbial inhibition activity of treatment against C. albicans compared to control. Furthermore, (PAm/CS)-AgNPs hydrogel nanocomposite against cervical cancer HeLa cell line was investigated. Cytotoxicity of (PAm/CS)-AgNPs hydrogel nanocomposites on prior cancer cell line empolyed to prohibition of cell growth assesssed by MTT test. HeLa cancer cell is treated by (PAm/CS)-AgNPs for 48 h exposed a potential apoptotic activity by noticeable up-regulation of p53 gene expression. Moreover, anticancer activity was investigated by down-regulation of platelet-based growth variable receptor beta (PDGFR-β), Bcl2, Cathepsine, and MMP-2 gene expression. antioxidant activity was investigated and results showed antioxidant activity of (PAm/CS) hydrogel and (PAm/CS)-AgNPs hydrogel nanocomposite are 87.8% and 62.9%, respectively.
Gross morphological and ultrasonographic dimensions of normal feline kidney with reference to resistive index
Authors: Maher Mohamed Ahmed , Palacio Laura , Henao Juan C. , Elsharkawy Samar H.
Published: October 2024

Ultrasonography with color Doppler is the most quantitative analysis method for intra-renal parameters. There is a wide variation between authors in the measurement site and referencing the inter-lobar resistivity index (RI) in felines. Our objective is to morphometrically and ultrasonographically investigate the normal renal dimensions and vasculatures and draw up a normal reference value for the renal inter-lobar artery resistivity index (RI) using a Pulsed wave-Doppler ultrasonography. A total of twelve adult domestic cats were sedated and treated according to IACUC regulation guidelines to be examined using Doppler ultrasound. The same cats were used for morphometric investigation and divided into three groups regarding the used technique. The size difference between the right and left kidneys is slight, measuring 17 g (weight), 3.65 ± 0.06 cm (length), 2.54 ± 0.08 cm (width), and 2.21 ± 0.03 cm (thickness) for the right kidney, and about 15 g, 3.42 ± 0.06 cm, 2.32 ± 0.05 cm, and 2.13 ± 0.03 cm for the left one, respectively. There are three patterns of renal arteries’ point of origin. The mean RI values of both kidneys were 0.57 ± 0.08 (0.50–0.67) in the right kidney and 0.60 ± 0.08 (0.51–0.69) in the left kidney. The gross examination and ultrasonography measurements did not have a statistically different effect on the actual renal dimensions. Moreover, 0.69 is considered the standard resistivity index (RI) threshold of the feline inter-lobar artery with no correlation to the animal’s body weight.
Development of a novel immunocompetent murine tumor model for urothelial carcinoma using in vivo electroporation
Authors: Soleder Stefan , Gengenbacher Nicolas , Mogler Carolin , Eckstein Markus , Runge Anja , Kriegmair Maximilian C. , Augustin Hellmut G.
Published: October 2024

A lack of advanced preclinical mouse tumor models impedes the progress in urothelial carcinoma research. We present here a novel fast, robust, reliable, and highly reproducible model for the genetic induction of bladder cancer in immunocompetent mice. Different sets of oncogenic transposons (Cmyc, Kras) and Cre drivers were transfected into the murine bladder wall of two different genetic backgrounds (Trp53fl/fl and BrafV600E, Ptenfl/fl, Ctnnb1exon3-fl/fl). Transfection was carried out using in vivo electroporation of the bladder after surgical exploration and transmural or transurethral intravesical plasmid injection. Up to 100% of animals developed urothelial carcinomas of the bladder. Time to tumor onset ranged from 16 to 97 days with a median of approximately 23 days in the fastest groups. Histological examination identified orthotopic urothelial carcinomas in most cases, in some experimental groups up to 100%. The resulting tumors were highly invasive and often metastatic. Metastases were found in up to 100% of tumor bearing mice per group. Taken together, this study establishes the proof-of-principle that in vivo electroporation can be versatilely employed as a reliable, fast, and robust method for the highly reproducible induction of urothelial carcinomas in the murine bladder wall. This novel murine tumor model could pave the way towards more easily modelling subtype specific urothelial carcinomas in mice.
Matrix Biology: Extracellular Matrix – Building Function Through Complexity
Authors: Sandell Linda J.
Published: October 2024

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the extracellular component of a multicellular organism or tissue that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. The ECM functions to control many critical parameters of tissue homeostasis and response such as proliferation, apoptosis, development and morphogenesis. Characteristic of ECM is a complex interaction of specific large and small molecules that function as a composite structure: these structures can vary in different parts of the extracellular environment from a pericellular localization (concentrated around the cell) to interterritorial, making up the bulk of the ECM. These complex networks confer the functions of the ECM that are tissue specific; they are also dynamic, changing over time and developmental stage as well as in a response to injury or disease. ECM is also a storehouse for molecules that can be released at later times, including growth factors that bind to the charged glysocaminoglycan chains of proteoglycans such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and growth factors that bind to protein domains, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and transforming growth factor beta superfamily members (TGFβs).
Biomaterials: Modulating and Tuning Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Mechanics
Authors: Jin Elizabeth , Li Wan-Ju
Published: October 2024

Stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to direct cell behaviors such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Due to this knowledge, it is crucial to obtain specific biologically relevant mechanical properties of engineered ECM that has been synthesized for biomedical applications. In this chapter, we would like to discuss three common synthesized ECMs: hydrogels, electrospun nanofibers, and self-assembling nanofibers, by reviewing the fabrication approaches for tuning their mechanical properties. For hydrogels, mechanical properties can be tuned through changes in the hydrogel crosslinking process, fabrication method, or pre-gelled composition. Mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers can be modulated through the alteration of viscosity, electrical charge, solvent selection, environmental conditions, or fiber alignment. Mechanical properties of self-assembling nanofibers can be controlled through changes in divalent ion concentration, amino acid sequence, or solution pH. However, some of the approaches used to alter matrix stiffness often result in unwanted changes in other properties of the material. For example, changes in crosslinking density result in hydrogels with altered diffusivity that can cause inadequate oxygen and nutrient transfer to cells. Similarly, increasing the fiber diameter of electrospun nanofibers enhances mechanical properties but may not be favorable for regulation of phenotypic cell behavior. Therefore, several engineering approaches have been developed to tune mechanical properties of synthetic ECM without or with minimally affecting other material properties. By studying mechanical properties of synthetic ECM, engineered structures with tunable mechanics can be fabricated for applications of regenerative medicine as well as for studies of development biology.
Biomaterials: Controlling Properties Over Time to Mimic the Dynamic Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Sawick Lisa , Kloxin April
Published: October 2024

The development of biomaterials with temporally controlled properties has advanced our understanding of healing and disease in vitro and widened the number of tools available for regenerative medicine applications. This chapter focuses on the description of various coupling and degradation chemistries used to dynamically modulate the properties of mimics of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) in the context of hydrogel-based biomaterials. These chemistries can be used to control the biophysical and biochemical properties of synthetic matrices to capture in vitro the dynamic changes that occur in the native ECM in vivo, such as remodeling during wound healing. Biologically relevant reaction kinetics and spatial resolutions are achievable providing a range of time and size scales for designing spatiotemporally controlled synthetic biomaterials. In situ characterization techniques have also been developed, allowing the observation of biophysical and biochemical properties as they change in time, to help researchers identify key cues in the environment that direct cell fate. Understanding how changes in the ECM direct cellular functions within an in vitro synthetic mimic can provide researchers with information on critical cues responsible for healing or disease with applications in designing new treatments.
Understanding the infrared spectrum of the protic ionic liquid [DEMA][TfO] by atomistic simulations
Authors: Parisi Federico , Chen Yingzhen , Wippermann Klaus , Korte Carsten , Kowalski Piotr M. , Eikerling Michael , Rodenbücher Christian
Published: October 2024

Protic ionic liquids, considered as future fuel cell electrolytes, exhibit a highly complex bulk structure. Hence, intermolecular interactions have to be taken into account when aiming on interpreting their infrared spectrum based on DFT simulations.
Yolk-shelled MoS2/C@Void@C@MoS2 nanospheres as a stable and high-rate anode in sodium/potassium ion batteries
Authors: Niu Mang , Zhu Zongfan , Mou Zhenkai , Kang Wenpei
Published: October 2024

Yolk-shelled MoS2/C@Void@C@MoS2 exhibits superior high-rate sodium/potassium sodium storage capability, owing to the large inner void and ingenious shell.
Supramolecular self-sorting predicted by a simple harmonic oscillator model
Authors: Sacristán-Martín Adriana , Álvarez-Llorente Nerea , Masson Eric , Diez-Varga Alberto , Barbero Héctor
Published: October 2024

The self-sorting process of homobimetallic Pt(ii) terpyridyl acetylide dimers secured by a pair of Cucurbit[8]uril macrocycles with recognition motif mismatch can be quantified using a model comprising two coupled harmonic oscillators.
Laser-induced fabrication of a supercooled liquid droplet embedded in an ice microcrystal
Authors: Hashimoto Shuichi , Uwada Takayuki
Published: October 2024

Near-IR laser-induced melting of ice microparticles proceeded with formation and growth of liquid domains in the ice lattice, resulting in a liquid droplet encapsulated in a microparticle.
Porous organic cages as inhibitors of Aβ42 peptide aggregation: a simulation study
Authors: Zhao Daohui , Zhou Yu , Xing Fen , Wang Hangxing , Zhou Jian
Published: October 2024

CC3 crystals with different morphologies retard the structure transition of Aβ42 monomer to the aggregation-prone β-sheet conformation.
Mitigating neuroinflammation in cognitive areas: exploring the impact of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Authors: Catalão Carlos Henrique Rocha , da Costa Luis Henrique Angenendt , dos Santos Jonathas Rodrigo , Alberici Luciane Carla , Falconi-Sobrinho Luiz Luciano , Coimbra Norberto Cysne , Dominguini Diogo , Dal-Pizzol Felipe , Barichello Tatiana , Rocha Maria José Alves
Published: October 2024

Existing literature suggests that infection-specific mechanisms may play a significant role in the onset and progression of dementia, as opposed to the broader phenomenon of systemic inflammation. In addition, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-coenzyme A (CoA) reductase inhibitors have been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for sepsis, given their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (simvastatin) by analyzing neurodegenerative markers, mitochondrial respiration, and neuronal tracing in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) of sepsis survivor animals. Adult Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture or left non-manipulated. The animals were treated with simvastatin or vehicle for 4 days before and 10 days after surgery. The treatment preserved the non-associative memory (P < 0.05), recovered expression of Smad-3 in the hippocampus (P < 0.05), and prevented increased expression of calpain-1 (hippocampus: P < 0.0001; PFC: P < 0.05) and GSKβ (hippocampus: P < 0.0001; PFC: P < 0.0001) in the brain structures of the sepsis survivor animals. These animals also showed mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased axon terminals in the RE. Simvastatin seems to restore energy metabolism by improving the electron transfer system (ETS) values in the hippocampus (P < 0.01) and the oxidative phosphorylation/ETS (P/E) ratio in the PFC (P < 0.05), in addition to preventing the reduction of axon terminals in survivor animals. These results suggest a potential neuroprotective effect and the importance of considering HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors as a possible adjuvant therapy in sepsis.
Analysis Of Implementations On Green Accounting In The Maritime Industry In The Riau Islands
Authors: Munthe Inge Lengga Sari , Fatahurrazak Fatahurrazak , Husna Asmaul , Tambunan Ronia , Rambe Prima Aprilyani , Septiana Gina , Wahyuliza Suci
Published: October 2024

Most of the Riau Islands is ocean. Therefore, the marine ecosystem must be well-preserved. Implementing green accounting can provide a framework for sustainable management of these marine resources. The purposes of this research are to determine and analyze how companies implement activities related to the application of Green Accounting. This is a qualitative research using primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews, while secondary data was obtained through documentation. Data analysis was conducted by conducting interviews, grouping activities according to cost groups, analyzing, and concluding. There are 2 companies that have been researched, PT Citra Tubindo, Tbk and PT Kampong Teripang Indonesia. The results showed that PT Citra Tubindo has implemented all activities related to prevention costs, detection costs, and internal failure costs. PT Kampong Teripang Indonesia has implemented all activities related to detection costs. For prevention costs, PT Kampong Teripang Indonesia has not yet implemented the development of an environmental management system. PT Kampong Teripang Indonesia has also implemented all activities related to internal failure, except for recycle water for reuse.
Combination impact of managerial ability and power on real earnings management practices: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Uzaimi Achmad , Asengbaramae Rowiyah , Abdurrahman Abdurrahman , Januarti Indira
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the combination impact of managerial ability and power on real earnings management. First test between CEO ability to real earnings management. Second between CEO power to real earnings management and third impact of combination independent variables. Deploying three real earnings management indicators, the ability of managers tends to significantly influence the operating cash flow and corporate discretionary expenditure and so the combination of both. Analysis on 468 observations of Indonesian manufacturing firm utilized fixed-effect approach. The finding of this study are first CEO ability less likely to engage with real earnings management as expected while lesser CEO power has no significant relation with real earnings management and combination of managerial ability and power has more impact on real earnings management. This research has extended the analysis of CEO attribute on real manipulation activities in firm practice. The practical consequence of the research, it is more likely to considering the cash flow and discretionary expenditure rather than managing inventory through decreasing production costs.
CrabCare: Innovative Chitosan Biopolymer-Based Ointment from Crab Shell Waste by Utiling
Authors: Maulin Navla , Aprilia Rachma Ade , Nainggolan Rustani , Pardi H. , Coklin Barit
Published: October 2024

Wounds are a common problem that requires effective care to prevent infection and accelerate the healing process. The use of conventional antiseptics is often unsatisfactory due to the long time required. Therefore, the innovation of using chitosan from crab shell waste as a base material for ointment becomes the focus of this research. This study aims to develop a chitosan-based ointment that can accelerate the wound healing process more efficiently. The research results show that the ointment developed from crab shells through the deproteinization process can significantly accelerate wound healing. Chitosan extracted from crab shells has unique properties such as bioactivity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, which are effective in inhibiting bacterial and pathogen growth, as well as stimulating granulation tissue formation. Thus, the CrabCare ointment made from crab shell chitosan offers a promising alternative as a therapeutic agent for more effective and environmentally friendly wound care. In conclusion, the development of CrabCare provides new opportunities in wound therapy through innovative and sustainable means.
Development Of Analog Rice By Utilizing Red Seaweed (Eucheuma Spinosum) and Native Sago From The Riau Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Amrizal Sri Novalina , Tunnisa Rizqy Ardila Nur Zafira , Sari Putri R. Marwita , Fadli Ilhamdy Aidil , Fadli Jumsurizal  , Apriandi Azwin , Viruly Lily , Oktavia Yulia , Adilah Azmir Izzati
Published: October 2024

Riau island province is consisting of several islands with an area of 251,810.71 km². The area consists of ocean area of (95.79%) while the rest is land area with an area of (4.21%). One type of superior commodity in the fisheries sector is seaweed which can be found in Indonesian waters, which has the potential to be developed as a food export product. Rice is one of the main carbohydrates in the diet of people in Indonesia, but has a low protein content. One type of processed food that resembles the characteristics and shape of rice is analog rice. This analog rice has been developed as an alternative ingredient to replace rice using local flour. This alternative is almost the same as or even exceeds rice in terms of its carbohydrate content. This study aims to see the best formulation of analog rice from red seaweed (Eucheuma spinosum) based on hedonic testing and to determine the nutritional value of analog rice by using red seaweed (Eucheuma spinosum) and sago flour. The benefits of this research are: Increasing knowledge and experience in making analog rice from seaweed, Being able to determine the nutritional value of analog rice based on proximate tests), Producing healthy food, namely rice with low sugar content.
The Symbolic Meaning of Semah Laut From Sea Tribe Panglong Communities in Bintan, Riau Islands
Authors: Swastiwi Anastasia Wiwik , Arman Dedi , Wibisono Christian Fritz , Zulha Mimi Audia
Published: October 2024

The semah laut ritual is a tradition of the Panglong Bintan Sea Tribe in Riau Islands, often perfomed en masse but sometimes by traditional leaders. The Sea Tribe views the universe as a medium that supports their lives. The ritual involves various symbolic offerings, such as yellow pulut which is the main symbol and is an offering to Jerambang (the highest Sea God), eggs for the sea coast guard god, sirih pinang and sirih bakik (betel nut various item) as requests for safety, green beans and cigarettes are offerings for the Sea God to be eaten by the seven Sea Gods, and banana leaves as the base for these offerings. The research aims to understand the meanings behind these symbols using a descriptive qualitative method and a symbolic interactionism perspective. Findings show that Semah Laut is a belief system that connects the sacred (transcendent) with natural sustainability, reflecting a symbiotic relationship between nature and the divine. This ritual upholds moral values and local wisdom, blending spiritual beliefs with environmental preservation.
Breaking Barriers: Healthcare Access for the Suku Laut’s Elderly, Mothers, and Children
Authors: Syafitri Rahma , Suryaningsih Surayaningsih , Casiavera Casievera , Niko Nikodemus , Wahyuni Sri
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the accessibility of healthcare services for the elderly, mothers, and children in the Suku Laut community in Bintan Regency. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research identifies factors influencing access to healthcare services, including geographical, social, and economic conditions. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with community members and healthcare providers. The findings indicate that limited transportation, inadequate healthcare facilities, and a lack of understanding of the importance of healthcare services are the main obstacles. The study suggests the need for government and non- governmental organization interventions to improve access to and quality of healthcare services for the Suku Laut community.
The Fishermen Exchange Rate in Marine Protected Area Taman Wisata Perairan Timur Pulau Bintan (TWP-TB) in Mapur Village, Bintan Regency
Authors: Tetty Tetty , Hafsar Khairul , Haidawati Haidawati , Ulfah Fitria , Zen Linda Waty , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Reni Angga , Septyati Widya , Antira Fopi
Published: October 2024

This research was conducted in Mapur Village, Bintan Regency. The fishermen’s exchange rate study aims to determine the level of fishermen’s welfare by comparing income and expenditure from the fisheries and non-fisheries sectors. Respondents were determined using the non- probability and purposive sampling techniques using the Lemeshow method. The number of respondents was 20, who were selected based on the criteria. The results showed the NTN value of 0 - < 1 was six respondents, NTN 1 ≤ 1.5 was six respondents, and NTN > 1.5 was eight respondents. It can be concluded that the average NTN level of Mapur fishermen is 1.46
Implementing Case-Method in Maritime-Related Learning: A Qualitative Descriptive Study in Physics Learning on The Topic of Hydrostatics Pressure
Authors: Sarkity Dios , Liana Metta , Fitriani Rita , Sundari Putri Dwi
Published: October 2024

The need to develop 21st-century skills requires lecturers to apply appropriate learning to develop skills. This study aims to describe how the implementation of case-method learning for physics lectures on the topic of hydrostatic pressure by integrating the maritime context. This research is a descriptive study. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation and documentation. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented based on the stages of case- method learning. The implementation of the case method in physics learning on the topic of hydrostatic pressure by linking the maritime context can be done by providing problems that are in accordance with the conditions or events that students often encounter. For instance, we present a problem related to the sinking of the KRI Nanggala 402 ship, a real-life maritime incident involving a steel ship that split into 3 parts. Students discuss in groups to find solutions to problems using appropriate physics concepts and strategies. After going through a series of problem-solving processes, students can understand the essence of the concept of hydrostatic pressure, what events are related to this concept, and how to apply it in solving problems.
The impact of marine protected area taman wisata perairan timur pulau bintan (TWP-TB) on the fishermen’s catch in mapur village bintan regency
Authors: Hafsar Khairul , Tetty Tetty , Waty Zen Linda , Haidawati Haidawati , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Ulfah Fitria , Reni Angga
Published: October 2024

Bintan Island is designated as a marine protected area through the Decree of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2022 called Taman Wisata Perairan Timur Pulau Bintan (TWP-TB) which consists of three areas: Teluk Sebong, Gunung Kijang, Bintan Pesisir. Mapur Village is one of the villages in Bintan Pesisir Regency, which includes the area. The research aimed the impact of the establishment of marine protected area on the fishing grounds and catches of Mapur Village fishermen. The research was conducted in July 2024 in Mapur Village, Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province. The descriptive and quantitative research method used questionnaires and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Marine protected area has no impact on fishing catches. Most fishermen catch pelagic fish, and most fishing gear is handline. Fishermen do not change their fishing grounds even though there is a marine protected area because in general the fishing grounds are 1-17 miles from Mapur Village. Fishermen who make changes to the fishing area are the majority of fishermen who do not use fish aggregating devices (FADs).
The resolution of unilateral claims and maritime features by other countries on Indonesia’s sovereign rights in the North Natuna Sea through the PAC to strengthen the maritime fulcrum in Indonesia
Authors: Suryadi Suryadi , Irman Irman , Thahira Atika , Hidayat Muhammad Fajar , Syahputra Irwandi , Nuraini Lia , Kaloko Ilhamda Fattah
Published: October 2024

Maritime zones in bordering countries often meet and overlap, leading to disputes such as contested areas, overlapping areas, excessive claims, and unilateral claims. Indonesia, as a non-claimant country, faces a unilateral claim dispute affecting its sovereign right in the North Natuna Sea due to China having made unilateral claims to sovereignty and control of the Traditional Fishing Ground area, which contradicts the UNCLOS. This paper presents research on the settlement strategy, using a qualitative method and interpretative research philosophy. The results suggest that Indonesia can take PCA steps to resolve the issue, as it cannot take ICJ or ITLOS steps due to Indonesia’s non-participation in the delimitation dispute but the country affected by unilateral claims from China and the need for agreement between parties. The appropriate step is to seek clarification and a decision from the PCA to resolve this issue. The advantage of opting for the PCA Step is that the absence of the State in the tribunal does not preclude the continuation of arbitral proceedings, allowing for effective and efficient completion without requiring consent from the other party. This research highlights the importance of addressing maritime disputes in the South China Sea.
Dr. Audrey Holland's Crazy Patchwork Quilt: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Richardson Jessica D. , Dalton Sarah Grace Hudspeth , Hubbard Honey Isabel , Henry Maya
Published: October 2024

Dr. Audrey Holland was a friend to people with aphasia and related disorders, care partners, community advocates, students, clinicians, educators, researchers, and more. Her profound impact extended across these diverse communities within aphasiology and speech-language pathology. Through her words and deeds, Audrey established a rich legacy that continues to guide and inspire countless individuals. A careful examination of her contributions reveals a roadmap for those seeking to embark on a similar journey of compassion and influence. To pay tribute to our mentor and friend, we conducted a thematic analysis of her solo works to identify enduring themes, laugh-out-loud anecdotes, and poignant insights to share with her friends, colleagues, mentees, and even strangers who, after reading this article, will be touched and changed by her wisdom.
Ballistic transport enhanced heat convection at nanoscale hotspots
Authors: Xu Shen , Xu Yanru , Zhang Jingchao , Gao Jianshu , Wang Xinwei , Zhang Xin , Yue Yanan
Published: October 2024

Along with device miniaturization, severe heat accumulation at unexpected nanoscale hotspots attracts wide attentions and urges efficient thermal management. Heat convection is one of the important heat dissipating paths at nanoscale hotspots but its mechanism is still unclear. Here shows the first experimental investigation of the convective heat transfer coefficient at size-controllable nanoscale hotspots. A specially designed structure of a single-layer graphene supported by gold-nanorod array is proposed, in which the gold nanorods generate hundreds of nanometers heating sources under laser irradiation and the graphene layer works as a temperature probe in Raman thermometry. The determined convective heat transfer coefficient (1928+155 −147 W m−2 K−1 for the 330 nm hotspot and 1793+157 −159 W m−2 K−1 for the 240 nm hotspot) is about three orders of magnitude higher than that of nature convection, when the simultaneous interfacial heat conduction and radiation are carefully evaluated. Heat convection, thus, accounts to more than half of the total energy transferred across the graphene/gold nanorods interface. Both the plasmon induced nanoscale hotspots and ballistic convection of air molecules contribute to the enhanced heat convection. This work reveals the importance of heat convection at nanoscale hotspots to the accurate thermal design of miniaturized electronics and further offers a new way to evaluate the convective heat transfer coefficient at nanoscale hotspots.
Enhanced pointing and charge properties of electron beams from few-TW laser wakefield acceleration with an asymmetric density profile in a sub-millimeter nitrogen gas jet
Authors: Tran D. K. , Lai P.-W. , Chou S.-W. , Pai C.-H. , Chu H.-H. , Chen S.-H. , Wang J. , Lin M.-W.
Published: October 2024

This work demonstrates the feasibility of creating a sub-millimeter, subsonic nitrogen gas jet using a 178-μm diameter orifice to conduct laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) with 1-TW, 40-fs laser pulses. More importantly, our findings reveal that using a blade to impede part of the gas flow and create an asymmetric density profile with a shortened down-ramp leads to a notable reduction in pointing fluctuations and an increase in the total charge of the output electron beams. As evidenced by the corresponding particle-in-cell simulation, the laser intensity is more effectively sustained toward the downstream end of the shaped gas jet, allowing for effective excitation of low-amplitude plasma waves that help preserve the accelerated electrons over the target rear side. In contrast, the pulse intensity drops significantly within the rear side of the unshaped gas jet, resulting in continuously diminishing plasma waves and decreased beam charge. The steeper gradient of the density down-ramp in the shaped gas jet also leads to a more rapid increase in the plasma wavelength over a reduced propagation distance, which helps mitigate the dephasing of accelerated electrons and increase the charge at the high-energy side of the spectrum. Our study paves the way for the future development of few-TW LWFA using a subsonic gas jet with sharp edges to further enhance the properties of output electron beams.
Experimental and numerical validation of tape-based metasurfaces in guiding high-frequency surface waves for efficient power transfer
Authors: Suzuki K. , Dang P. T. , Homma H. , Fathnan A. A. , Ashikaga Y. , Tsuchiya Y. , Phang S. , Wakatsuchi H.
Published: October 2024

We present an effective method for transmitting electromagnetic waves as surface waves with a tape-based metasurface design. This design incorporates silver square patches periodically patterned on an adhesive tape substrate. Specifically, our study proposes a strategy to enhance the efficiency of power transfer in high-frequency bands by guiding signals as surface waves rather than free-space waves. Both the numerical and experimental results validate the markedly enhanced efficiency in power transfer of high-frequency signals compared to that achieved with conventional methods, such as wireless power transfer and microstrips. Importantly, our metasurface design can be readily manufactured and tailored for various environments. Thus, our study contributes to designing power-efficient next-generation communication systems such as 6G and 7G, which leverage high-frequency signals in the millimeter-wave and terahertz bands.
Keeping dark modes dark: Reducing the effects of symmetry breaking at oblique incidence
Authors: Cowan Kieran J. , Berry Simon J. , Hibbins Alastair P. , Powell Alexander W.
Published: October 2024

Dark modes are defined by their lack of radiative coupling to the far field. However, the modes can be made to couple to far field radiation by symmetry breaking. For a resonant dimer, obliquely incident waves can create a phase difference in the currents between the elements, resulting in symmetry breaking. This work reduces symmetry breaking effects by minimizing the size of a dimer of dipolar elements with respect to its resonant wavelength. We obtain a mode that can experimentally be excited from the near field but has negligible excitation in the far field for obliquely incident waves. Such a mode could have use in wireless security applications.
Quantitative photothermal investigation of nonradiative recombination parameters in GaAs/InAs(QD)/GaAs quantum dot structures using a three-layer laser beam deflection model
Authors: Bouagila S. , Ilahi S. , Baira M. , Mandelis A. , Yacoubi N.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we developed a theoretical model for the photothermal deflection technique in order to investigate the electronic parameters of three-layer semiconductor structures. This model is based on the resolution of thermal and photogenerated carrier diffusion-wave equations in different media. Theoretical results show that the amplitude and phase of the photothermal deflection signal is very sensitive to the nonradiative recombination parameters. The theoretical model is applied to one layer of InAs quantum dots (QDs) inserted in GaAs matrix InAs/GaAs QDs in order to investigate the QD density effects on nonradiative recombination parameters in InAs through fitting the theoretical photothermal beam deflection signal to the experimental data. It was found that the minority carrier lifetime and the electronic diffusivity decrease as functions of increasing InAs QD density. This result is also related to the decrease in the mobility from 21.58 to 4.17 (±12.9%) cm2/V s and the minority carrier diffusion length from 0.62 (±5.8%) to 0.14 (±10%) μm, respectively. Furthermore, both interface recombination velocities S2/3 of GaAs/InAs (QDs) and S1/2 of InAs (QDs)/GaAs increase from 477.7 (±6.2%) to 806.5 (±4%) cm/s and from 75 (±7.8%) to 148.1 (±5.5%) cm/s, respectively.
Validation of numerical method of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes coupled with discrete phase model and optimization for the snow-resistance performance of bogies of a high-speed train
Authors: Wang Jiabin , Liu Haoyuan , Liu Cao , Shang Wenfei , Gao Guangjun , Krajnović Sinisa
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an investigation aimed at enhancing the snow resistance of bogies in a three-car grouped alpine high-speed train (HST) that operates in a snowy region. The study employs a combination of the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model, coupled with the discrete phase model. This modeling approach has been validated through wind tunnel tests, including flow field tests, two-phase flow tests, and snow-ice tests. The study comprehensively compares the characteristics of the wind-snow flow, spatial snow concentration, and the distribution of snow on the train's underbody between two scenarios: the original train's underbody structure and the multifactor collaborative optimization scheme (MCOS). The results indicate that the MCOS case facilitates the escape of snow particles from the bogie cavities by weakening the upward and reverse flows. Furthermore, the MCOS case significantly reduces the concentration of snow particles around the heat-producing elements and decreases the accumulation of snow on both the lower and upper surfaces of the bogies. As a result, it reduces snow accumulation on the bogies by 50.6%, 56.4%, 60.8%, and 62.4% at train speeds of 200, 250, 300, and 350 km/h, respectively. In summary, this research provides valuable insights for improving the snow resistance of HSTs operating in snowy regions, with potential applications in enhancing railway transportation safety and efficiency.