bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occlusal and Cephalometric Outcomes of Cleft Orthognathic Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Stonehouse‐Smith Daniel , Abd Rahman Aida N.A. , Beale Victoria , Bellardie Haydn
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Aberrant facial growth in individuals affected by orofacial clefts can result in maxillary retrusion and class III malocclusion, with a proportion requiring surgical correction at cessation of growth. This study aimed to evaluate occlusal and cephalometric outcomes of combined orthodontic‐orthognathic treatment.

Material and Methods

Retrospective cohort study in a United Kingdom cleft center. Participants included twenty‐seven patients (20 males, 7 females) with cleft (n = 16 UCLP :7 BCLP :4 ICP) who consecutively underwent combined surgical treatment for Class III malocclusion between January 2013 and December 2017. Records were collected pre‐treatment (T0), pre‐surgery (T1) and at debond (T2). Models were scored using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and cephalometric radiographs were traced and analyzed. Outcomes were assessed by an independent rater.

Results

Mean age at surgery was 21.4 years (SD 4.9). Le Fort 1 advancement (mean 6.1 mm, SD 4.0) was performed in all cases. Additional procedures included mandibular setback (n = 2), cortico‐cancellous bone grafting (n = 6) and genioplasty (n = 1). Mean T0 PAR score was 44.8 (SD 11.7), reducing to 3.6 (SD 2.0) at T2, indicating a mean % PAR score reduction of 91.6% (SD 4.7). Class III skeletal profiles improved from a mean T0 ANB of −2.1º (SD 2.2), to 2.8º (SD 1.6) at T2. Mean T0 overjet was −3.3 mm (SD 2.3), increasing to 2.6 mm (SD 1.3) at T2.

Conclusion

Cleft orthognathic surgery differs in complexity and approach to routine orthognathics, however, these results demonstrate that occlusal outcomes can still be comparable with non‐cleft populations. Outcome data can be used for comparison with other centers providing cleft orthognathic treatment.
Challenges and advances of immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Li Lingyu , Sun Yingli
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Immuno‐checkpoint therapy (ICT) significantly alters the clinical course of cancer patients, providing long‐lasting clinical benefits and offering the potential for cure to some patients. However, response rates for different tumour types vary, and predictive biomarkers are needed to enhance patient selection for the purpose of optimising effectiveness and reducing toxicity. This has driven efforts to decipher the immune and non‐immune factors that regulate ICT response.

Main Content

This review offers a thorough examination of the advantages and future challenges of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. Additionally, we explore ongoing efforts to address current challenges, such as guiding subsequent clinical trials, developing ICT combination therapy strategies and utilising epigenetics to enhance clinical efficacy.

Conclusion and Perspectives

Despite significant progress, ICT faces challenges including immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) and resistance mechanisms. Ongoing research focuses on developing novel biomarkers, combination therapies, and epigenetic strategies to improve the efficacy and safety of ICT for cancer patients worldwide. Future studies are required to validate these findings across different tumor types and treatment settings.
Immune response to topical sodium lauryl sulfate differs from classical irritant and allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Nüsken Marvin , Heinemeier Fabian , Matzke Silke Sabina , Porebski Patryk , Forkel Susann , Dasari Prasad , Braun Andrea , Zautner Andreas Erich , Schön Michael Peter , Buhl Timo
Published: November 2024

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is used as a control irritant in patch testing for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). However, up to 20% of those tested react to SLS, whereby the pathophysiological basis of this reaction is still unclear. To mimic patch test reactions, we repeatedly applied SLS to the skin of wild‐type mice. Reactions were compared with those in a classical ACD model induced by oxazolone and an irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) model induced by croton oil. Skin inflammation was assessed with ear thickness measurements, immunohistochemistry, qRT‐PCR, and flow cytometry. Topical SLS treatment was further investigated in Flg/Hrnr−/−, Myd88/Tlr3−/−, and Rag1−/− mouse models. All three compounds caused ear swelling with different courses. Oxazolone treatment, compared with the ICD model, resulted in a greater influx of immune cells (CD4+, MHCII+, CD11b+). Similarly, SLS did not induce immune cell infiltration or expression of selected inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. SLS induced the most pronounced keratinocyte proliferation. Compared with wild‐type mice, topical SLS application did not increase ear swelling in skin barrier deficient Flg/Hrnr−/− mice, but led to significantly delayed swelling in mice with defects in innate or adaptive immune functions (Myd88/Tlr3−/−, Rag1−/−). SLS‐induced contact dermatitis differed from classical ACD and ICD, as it elicited less pronounced immune alterations. Skin barrier impairment does not affect SLS‐induced contact dermatitis, whereas both innate and adaptive components are involved in SLS skin reactions.
Effect of Phycocyanin and Butylated Hydroxytoluene on the Oxidative Stability of Safflower Oil: A Comprehensive Kinetic Investigation
Authors: Monji Zahra Bovairi , Karimi Mahsan , Zolfaghari Hajar , Golmakani Mohammad Taghi , Azari Mahya , Mazloomi Seyed Mohammad , Abbasi Azam
Published: November 2024

Safflower includes both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids especially high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The addition of antioxidants during oil processing is one of the most effective methods. The aim of this research was to evaluate the oxidative stability of safflower oil supplemented with phycocyanin (PC) (200, 300, and 400 ppm), or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (200 ppm), at 80, 90, and 100°C during the storage time. Oxidative stability of oil was measured through the assay of primary and secondary oxidation products: Peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated, respectively. Results showed that the addition of PC at 300 and 400 ppm caused the lowest peroxide levels. In addition, the oxidation reactions of this oil followed a first‐order kinetic model for PV and TBARS. The amounts of PV and TBARS were dependent on the storage temperature; according to the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy (Ea) of the samples that contain 300 and 400 ppm PC decreased in all the tested temperatures compared to control. Results of the oxidative stability indicated that PC may have superior antioxidant properties than BHT and can potentially inhibit the oil oxidation. The sample containing 300 ppm PC demonstrated heightened efficacy in suppressing primary oxidation. Moreover, the results of sensory evaluation test showed that the 300 ppm PC sample received the highest rating for overall quality, which confirm that 300 ppm PC sample could be the best sample to decrease the oxidative stability in safflower oil.
Blockchain and NoSQL: Enhancing Throughput via a Deep Learning‐Based Hybrid Architecture
Authors: Antonello Longo , Antonio Di Palma , Luca Casamassima , Marco Fiore , Marina Mongiello
Published: November 2024

Any data structure used to store information can be considered a database. Blockchain technology, at its core, is no more than a ledger to store information about transactions. In recent years, such technology has gained immense popularity in a wide range of applications. However, scalability and throughput are major challenges of the Blockchain technology since applications and APIs have much lower throughput compared to non‐Blockchain ones. Several studies showed that the integration of the NoSQL paradigm along with a Blockchain pipeline enhances the overall throughput and scalability of the system, as well as the possibility of handling both on‐chain and off‐chain data. The goal of this paper is therefore to study how the advantages of both technologies can be capitalized on to enhance the system capabilities and to finally put forward a novel hybrid architecture that mixes NoSQL and Blockchain characteristics using Deep Learning techniques.
The efficacy of nano‐cellulose‐based composites in heavy metal removal from wastewater: a comprehensive review
Authors: Castellanos Humberto Garcia , Aryanfar Yashar , Mohtaram Soheil , Keçebaş Ali , Karaca‐Dolgun Gülşah , Ahmad Shabbir , Asiri Abdullah Naser M. , Islam Saiful
Published: November 2024

This comprehensive study delves into the innovative application of nano‐cellulose‐based composites for addressing the multifaceted challenges of wastewater treatment. This review introduces the innovative use of nano‐cellulose composites, particularly highlighting the novel synthesis routes that enhance their pollutant adsorption capabilities beyond conventional materials. These materials stand out for their regenerative properties and integration with functionalized matrix materials, marking significant advancements in sustainable wastewater treatment technologies. As the environmental and public health risks associated with untreated wastewater escalate, the development of efficient and sustainable treatment technologies has become crucial. Nano‐cellulose composites, derived from natural and renewable sources, offer significant advantages, including high surface area, superior mechanical strength, and notable biodegradability. This review explores various synthesis methods—mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic—that enhance the adaptability of nano‐cellulose composites to meet specific treatment needs. Main findings demonstrate these composites' effectiveness in removing a wide array of pollutants, including heavy metals, organic compounds, dyes, and microbial contaminants, with detailed removal capacities provided for each pollutant category in comparative tables. The potential for regeneration and reuse highlights their practical sustainability and economic viability. Future research should focus on improving production scalability and cost‐effectiveness, assessing environmental impacts and ensuring regulatory compliance to advance the application of nano‐cellulose composites in wastewater treatment. This study paves the way for these materials to become central to innovative, efficient, and eco‐friendly wastewater management strategies. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
No clinically relevant relationship between different quantitative measurement methods of the lateral femoral condyle morphology on lateral radiographs in anterior cruciate ligament‐injured patients
Authors: Ubl Steffen T. , Harmes Johannes C. , Koch Evamaria , Wafaisade Arasch , Guenther Daniel , Bouillon Bertil , Pfeiffer Thomas R.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To clarify whether different methods of quantifying lateral femoral condyle (LFC) bone morphology as risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury on lateral radiographs should be considered as individual risk factors and to assess inter‐ and intraobserver reliability.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 487 patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction at our institution. Routine lateral radiographs of the injured knees were utilized to measure the following parameters: LFC ratio (LFCR), height of LFC to anteroposterior diameter ratio (HAPR), femur tibia size ratio (FTSR), tibia to posterior femoral condyle ratio (TPFCR) and Porto ratios (XY/AB; B/AB; B/XY). Malrotated radiographs were excluded. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to identify relationships. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for inter‐ and intraobserver reliability for two raters.

Results

Fifty‐eight patients were included. Means and standard deviations for LFCR were 63.7% ± 2.8%, HAPR 0.35 ± 0.02, FTSR 1.23 ± 0.07, TPFCR 2.99 ± 0.28, XY/AB 0.41 ± 0.08, B/AB 1.20 ± 0.06 and B/XY 3.05 ± 0.58. Significant correlations were observed between FTSR and XY/AB (r = 0.425), B/AB (r = 0.582) and TPFCR (r = −0.326), between XY/AB and HAPR (r = −0.309) and B/XY (r = −0.933) and between TPFCR and B/AB (r = 0.302). Intraobserver agreement was excellent for LFCR, HAPR, FTSR, TPFCR and B/AB and good for XY/AB and B/XY. Interobserver agreement varied from poor for XY/AB and B/XY, good for HAPR, B/AB, FTSR and TPFCR to excellent for LFCR.

Conclusion

Different methods of quantifying LFC bone morphology should be considered as individual risk factors, characterized by good to excellent intraobserver reliability, but highly variable interobserver reliability.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Edge‐arc‐disjoint paths in semicomplete mixed graphs
Authors: Bang‐Jensen J. , Wang Y.
Published: November 2024

The so‐called weak‐2‐linkage problem asks for a given digraph and distinct vertices of whether has arc‐disjoint paths so that is an ‐path for . This problem is NP‐complete for general digraphs but the first author showed that the problem is polynomially solvable and that all exceptions can be characterized when is a semicomplete digraph, that is, a digraph with no pair of nonadjacent vertices. In this paper we extend these results to paths which are both edge‐disjoint and arc‐disjoint in semicomplete mixed graphs, that is, a mixed graph in which every pair of distinct vertices has either an arc, an edge, or both an arc and an edge between them. We give a complete characterization of the negative instances and explain how this gives rise to a polynomial algorithm for the problem.
Analytical Model for Heat Transfer Around Energy Piles in Layered Soil With Interfacial Thermal Resistance by Integral Transform Method
Authors: Zhou Xiangyun , Zhang Qingkai , Sun De'an , Gao You , Wen Minjie , Tan Yunzhi
Published: November 2024

Energy piles are commonly deployed in vertically layered geological conditions due to the geological structure and pile foundation backfill. The imperfect contact between adjacent soil layers results in resistance to heat transfer at the interface, known as the interfacial thermal resistance effect. In this paper, the energy pile was simplified as a finite‐length solid cylindrical heat source, and an analytical model was established for layered heat transfer of energy piles considering the interfacial thermal resistance effect. The Laplace‐domain solutions to the temperatures in the layered ground were derived by using the finite Hankel and Laplace transforms. The Crump method was subsequently employed to numerically invert Laplace‐domain solutions to the time‐domain solutions. The proposed model was validated by comparing with an analytical solution of a homogeneous model and COMSOL numerical solution. These solutions were used to analyze the temperature response around energy piles considering interfacial thermal resistance. Finally, a parametric study was performed to explore the effects of interfacial thermal resistance and other thermal properties of the soil layer on the layered heat transfer of energy piles.
Parenteral nutrition dependence and growth in pediatric patients with intestinal failure following transition to blenderized tube feedings: A case series
Authors: DePaula Brittany , Mitchell Paul D. , Reese E. , Gray Megan , Duggan Christopher P.
Published: November 2024

Background

Human milk and amino acid (AA) formulas are correlated with a shorter duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence for infants with intestinal failure (IF). Literature to guide feeding practices beyond infancy in this population is limited. We aimed to assess PN dependence, growth patterns, and stool frequency in pediatric patients with IF who transitioned from AA or hydrolyzed formula to blenderized tube feedings (BTFs).

Methods

We performed a retrospective review among children with IF observed at Boston Children's Hospital from January 2014 to January 2019. Inclusion criteria were receipt of BTF for ≥3 months at a volume of ≥200 ml/day and ≥2 outpatient visits during the study period. Patients who received BTF in combination with another formula or food purees were excluded.

Results

Twelve children met criteria. Eleven had a small bowel resection with mean residual small bowel length of 51 ± 47 cm. Two retained their ileocecal valve (ICV), and eight had colonic resection. All patients were dependent on PN with mean (SD) energy intake of 51 ± 21 kcal/kg/day. After transition to BTF, three patients (25%) achieved enteral autonomy, and seven (58%) had a reduction in PN energy intake. Anthropometric data and stool frequency were generally unchanged.

Conclusion

The transition from AA or hydrolyzed formula to BTF was associated with a substantial reduction in PN support in 12 children with IF. Stool frequency and growth parameters were not significantly changed. Our findings suggest that the use of BTF in older children with IF should be considered.
Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy Opioid Prescriptions Before and After Practice Guidelines and American Academy of Pediatrics Challenge
Authors: Khan Najm S. , Allen David Z. , Yiu Yin , Ahmed Omar G. , Takashima Masayoshi , Jiang Zi Y.
Published: November 2024

The opioid epidemic continues to concern the CDC and public health officials but recent trends in opioid prescribing rates following common pediatric otolaryngology surgeries are unexplored. This retrospective cohort study queried the TriNetX Research database from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2023, for pediatric patients who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy and received oral opioids within 5 days of surgery. Prescription trends from 2010 to 2017 were compared to 2022 to 2023, after the publication of multiple clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Of 286,572 surgeries, 29% of patients received postoperative opioids. Comparing the 2 time periods, a significant decrease was observed in the risk of postoperative opioid prescriptions following 2022 (RR 0.87, CI95% 0.86‐0.88). Prescribing rates decreased between 2018 and 2023 from 34% to 24%. Publication of CPGs were associated with a decrease in opioid prescribing rates and may have contributed to an encouraging trend in opioid stewardship.
Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Misnomer
Authors: Eberly Hänel W. , Sciscent Bao Y. , Lorenz F. Jeffrey , Goyal Neerav , Goldenberg David
Published: November 2024

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disorder marked by elevated secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which results in hypercalcemia and may cause complications in the kidneys and bones. Diagnosing this condition involves ruling out secondary causes and understanding the complexities of the laboratory values associated with PHPT. The disease has become more recognizable to clinicians in an earlier phase thanks to updated screening guidelines. At present, patients can be diagnosed with “classic,” “normocalcemic,” “normohormonal,” or “asymptomatic” PHPT. Many patients are diagnosed through incidental findings of elevated calcium levels or PTH levels during routine blood tests rather than through the presentation of classic symptoms. If asked, patients will invariably harbor subtle or subclinical manifestations despite the absence of overt symptoms. There is debate on whether truly asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism exists.1 We explore the definition and clinical patterns of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism and propose concise recommendations for recognizing these patients.
Interferometric analysis of the opto‐mechanical properties for polyamide‐6 antimicrobial fibers
Authors: El‐Bakary Mohammed A. , Sadik Adel M. , Ahmed Donia U.
Published: November 2024

Polyamide‐6 fibers were modified for use as antimicrobial fibers using two complementary methods: grafting with polyacrylic acid and silver nanoparticle treatment. The grafted samples exhibited different grafting yields of 7%, 8.8%, 10%, and 20.7%. Subsequently, two grafted samples (7% and 20.7% yields) were treated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The grafting process and the silver nanotreament were successfully confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy and SEM microscopy. Shake‐ flask method was used to study the cell viability of nanotreated samples. A two‐beam Mach–Zehnder interferometer was used to characterize the opto‐mechnaical and structural properties of the modified samples. For this purpose, a mechanical drawing device was equipped with the interferometer. The results indicated that with increasing grafting yield, optical properties decreased in both directions of light vibration. A fitting method was employed to calculate intrinsic optical properties that help to determine structural properties. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength and elongation at break, were also examined. Treatment of the grafted samples with silver nanoparticles improved their optical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties. These findings confirmed that the PA‐6‐g‐PAA 20.7%‐t‐Ag NPs sample is suitable for various medical applications. Figures and tables are provided for illustration.

Highlights

PA‐6 fiber has been modified for medical applications by complementary processes.

Grafting process introduced additional functional groups and enhanced ductility.

Ag nano‐treatment gives the grafted PA‐6 fiber good antimicrobial activity.

Interferometry precisely characterizes structural and opto‐mechanical properties.

PA‐6‐g‐PAA20.7%‐t‐Ag NPs sample has good mechanical and antimicrobial properties.
Physicochemical Mechanism of Flame‐Retardant Enhancement for Elastomeric Polyurea: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Li Yuanzhe , Yang Haoyi , Chen Xinze , Liu Diannan
Published: November 2024

Polyurea coatings are widely used in various industries due to their excellent mechanical properties, such as high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance. However, their lack of inherent flame retardancy limits their use in applications where fire safety is critical. Therefore, reinforcing the fire‐retardant properties of traditional polyurea through various means can effectively protect the product while reducing the risk of fire. This paper provides a summary of several advanced methods for improving flame retardancy. It systematically analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and proposes improvement measures to enhance efficiency. Additionally, the paper proposes new methods to increase the fire resistance of polyurea. These include the addition of new flame‐retardant additives and the substitution of the backbone of polyurea, making it suitable for more industrial applications. This mini‐review can also serve as a valuable reference for future research on improving the flame retardancy of elastomeric polyurea materials.
Automatic Landmark Detection for Preoperative Planning of High Tibial Osteotomy Using Traditional Feature Extraction and Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Han Jiaqi , Ma Xinlong , Lyu Yiou , Bai Haohao
Published: November 2024

Background

Automatic High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) landmark detection methods promise to improve the effectiveness and standardisation of HTO preoperative planning. Unfortunately, due to the limited number of HTO datasets, existing methods are less robust when dealing with patients with varied deformities than traditional manual planning, severely limiting their clinical viability and application in practical surgical settings.

Methods

Here, we present a new HTO landmark detection framework using an integration of optimised heatmap‐offset aggregation method and traditional feature extraction. Subjective and objective approaches were employed to reflect the final clinical acceptance of our model.

Results

Average Mean Absolute Error of prediction results compared to the surgeon's gold standard was 0.35° for the hip‐knee‐ankle angle. The objective score rated by surgeons reached 4.4 on a scale of 5.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated that the automatic detection method has great potential serving as an alternative to manual radiological analysis in practical surgical pre‐operative planning.
Ultrafast Spectroscopic Studies on Excited State Dynamics of Different Alkyl Substituted Perylene Monoimides in Solution and Thin Films
Authors: Dhami Suman , Khatun Mst Nasima , Sengupta Chaitrali , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan , Pandey Ravindra
Published: November 2024

Perylene monoimides (PMI) are a unique class of polyaromatic molecules, which are known to undergo interesting excited state processes, making them attractive for the applications in optoelectronic devices. In this paper a comprehensive investigation is conducted on the photophysical properties and excited state dynamics of a series of PMI derivatives (PMI‐C18, PMI‐CE6, PMI‐C8, and PMI‐C6), with varying side chains substituted at the imide position. These studies involved utilization of both steady state and time resolved spectroscopic techniques. Femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopic studies demonstrated that PMI derivatives exhibit similar fluorescence characteristic in solution, irrespective of the various side chains substituted at the imide position. However, in thin films the various side chains led to prominent differences in their packing arrangement, which leads to difference in the TA spectra as compared to solution. The difference in the packing arrangement in PMI thin films is studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. It is notable that the PMI‐CE6 thin films exhibited the existence of triplet state. The distinctive behavior of PMI‐CE6 is attributed to the distinct packing arrangement, providing role of molecular structure in influencing the excited state dynamics. The triplet state formation in PMI thin films renders them well‐suited for utilization in optoelectronic devices.
Synthesis of α‐NiS Decorated Fe3S4 Nanohybrid Composite and Its Heterogeneous Fenton Catalysis for Dye Degradation
Authors: Bhuyan Priyanga Manjuri , Sut Nayana , Borah Shristirupa , Hazarika Swapnali , Sharma Brajendra K. , Kim Jaemin , Gogoi Parikshit
Published: November 2024

Greigite (Fe3S4) and millerite (NiS) are important transition metal sulfides that exhibit light‐driven Fenton catalytic activity. In absence of light, they show limited activity. To utilize these properties without relying on light, we synergized these sulfides to prepare a composite Fe3S4–NiS (FSNS). Under fixed reaction conditions, the composite demonstrated excellent Fenton activity, degrading 93% of fast green dye (FG) and 98.1% of eriochrome black T dye (EBT) within a short reaction time. The mechanism involves electron transfer from the reduced sulfur state (S2−) in both NiS and Fe3S4 to the higher oxidation states of the metal ions viz. Fe3+and Ni3+ to facilitate the redox cyclization in the Fenton process. The catalyst showed high stability for five cyclical tests by recovering it from solution with an external magnet.
Biomedical Applications of Phytosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) Using Grewia Asiatica L. Berry Extract
Authors: Shrivastava Sumit K. , Kulshreshtha Asita , Chaudhary Dhirendra K. , Gangwar Rajesh K. , Singh Santpal , Tiwari Abhishek P. , Srivastava Shikha , Banerjee Monisha , Kumar Saurabh , Parveen Shama , Kumari Dimple
Published: November 2024

In this study, we present a green synthesis approach for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Grewia Asiatica L. berries through a phytosynthesis method. In this synthesis procedure the Grewia Asiatica L. berry extract served as a natural reducing agent in the phytosynthesis of GA‐Ag NPs. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized using various physico‐chemical techniques, revealing their spherical morphology of average size of ∼20 nm. These Ag NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacterial strains. Additionally, the GA‐Ag NPs demonstrated anticancer properties, with an IC50 value of approximately 5 µM. The study highlights the potential of Grewia Asiatica L. berry extract as a novel, nontoxic, eco‐friendly, and cost‐effective method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles with promising antibacterial and anticancer activities.
Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Chlorpromazine Using Broccoli‐Like Copper–Aluminum‐Layered Double Hydroxide‐Modified Platinum Electrode
Authors: Narayanan Charuchitra Siva Sankara , Srinivasan Soorya , LS Sivagaama Sundari , Ezhilan Madeshwari , Nesakumar Noel , Gunasekaran Balu Mahendran , Hariharan G.
Published: November 2024

Chlorpromazine (CPZ), an antipsychotic drug derived from phenothiazine, can cause a range of adverse effects in humans, notably visual problems and hematological disorders upon consumption of chlorpromazine‐contaminated water. In this regard, a novel electrochemical sensing platform based on a copper–aluminum‐layered double hydroxide (Cu–Al LDH)‐modified platinum electrode for the highly sensitive and selective detection of chlorpromazine in groundwater samples has been developed. The immobilized Cu–Al LDH showed an electrocatalytic effect on chlorpromazine reduction and oxidation. Among the employed electroanalytical techniques, only the square‐wave voltammetry‐assisted Pt/Cu–Al LDH electrode could detect chlorpromazine with a remarkable sensitivity of 0.065 µA µM−1 over a broad linear detection range of 0.01–760 µM, with low detection and quantification limits of 4.86 and 16.18 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the developed electrode can rapidly detect chlorpromazine within less than 10 s. In addition, the diffusion profiles of steady‐state concentrations of oxidized and reduced chlorpromazine within the immobilized Cu–Al were studied using the Legendre wavelet method. Moreover, the developed Pt/Cu–Al LDH electrode demonstrated satisfactory rates in the quantification of chlorpromazine in groundwater samples, yielding satisfactory recovery rates (97.63–102.57%), confirming the practicability of the fabricated electrode in real‐time monitoring of chlorpromazine levels in groundwater without requiring any sample pretreatment.
New Double Perovskite Solar Cell Containing Ba3PCl3 (A3BX3) and CsSnI3 (ABX3) Leading to an Improved Efficiency Above 30%
Authors: Rahman Mahabur , Lubaba Afifa , Irfan Ahmad , Rahman Md. Ferdous
Published: November 2024

In photovoltaic (PV) technology, halide perovskites stand out for their exceptional optical properties, improved performance, and cost‐effectiveness. This study utilized SCAPS‐1D to examine a novel dual absorber solar cell, using Ba3PCl3 as the top absorber and CsSnI3 as the bottom absorber, marking the first comprehensive analysis of this pairing. The research thoroughly investigated the thickness, doping concentrations, and defect densities of each absorber to evaluate their impact on electrical properties such as VOC, JSC, FF, and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Additionally, the study meticulously analyzed the effects of temperature, shunt, and series resistances. The results show that the first device (FTO/SnS2/Ba3PCl3/Au) achieved a PCE of 17.75%, while the second device (FTO/SnS2/CsSnI3/Au) reached a PCE of 20.63%. Optimized designs combining both absorbers (FTO/SnS2/Ba3PCl3/CsSnI3/Au) resulted in a PCE of 30.97%, with a JSC of 47.52 mA/cm2, FF of 80.42%, and VOC of 0.81 V. These promising findings offer valuable insights for the future development of experimental solar devices.
Enhanced Specific Capacitance and Cycling Stability of Li2Cu2(MoO4)3 of NASICON Family of Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Dayanithi Janet , Murugesan Magesh , Annamalai Natarajan , Balu Ranjith , Shanmugam Kotteswaran
Published: November 2024

NASICON electrode materials exhibit a broad spectrum of electrochemical potentials, robust ionic conductivity, and structural and thermal stabilities. Using solid state reaction method, Li2Cu2(MoO4)3 was synthesized, a member of NASICON family of compounds based on molybdenum. Various analytical techniques employed to assess structural and morphological properties of synthesized nanomaterial. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated that generated Li2Cu2(MoO4)3 nanomaterial exhibited orthorhombic crystalline structure, with crystallite size of approximately 48 nm. The nanomaterial morphology was evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), showing columnar‐ or fiber‐like morphology composed of some conductivity points. The elemental composition of Li2Cu2(MoO4)3 was analyzed by EDAX analysis, confirming the presence of elements lithium, copper, molybdenum, and oxygen. The optical properties and band gap of Li2Cu2(MoO4)3 were analyzed by ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UVDRS). Elemental composition of surface along with electronic states and oxidation states of component present in the nanomaterial Li2Cu2(MoO4)3 were investigated from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electrochemical evaluation using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) showed a specific capacitance of 250 F g−1 at 3.5 A g−1 with the high retention rate of 95.82% after 3000 cycles, indicating its potential for high performance supercapacitors.
Construction and Characterization of Thermosensitive Hydrogel Loaded with Donepezil Nanosuspension and its Application for Transnasal Delivery
Authors: Wang Linlin , Lu Yanan , Li Haihong , Lin Jie , Li Guixia , Sun Yiying , Cui Nan , Zhu Qiang , Wang Aiping
Published: November 2024

Donepezil (DPZ) is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD), while with disadvantages such as gastrointestinal side effects after oral administration and poor adherence in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to develop a thermosensitive hydrogels loaded with donepezil nanosuspension (DPZ‐NS‐gel) for transnasal administration to improve brain targeting and reduce peripheral toxicity. The results of powder X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter showed that the crystal type of DPZ changed from form II to form C during the grinding process. DPZ‐NS‐gel was obtained by mixing DPZ‐NS into the blank thermosensitive hydrogel constructed with poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188. DPZ‐NS‐gel was in sol state at 25 °C and formed gel at 33 °C. Compared with DPZ‐NS, the in vitro release of DPZ‐NS‐gel showed the sustained release profile. In vivo studies indicated that DPZ‐NS‐gel by nasal administration may increase the amount of drug entering into the brain. The in vivo safety evaluation showed no severe inflammatory response and pathological change when DPZ‐NS‐gel was administered by nasal administration. This study provided a promising strategy for clinical application in improving the bioavailability of DPZ in the brain, avoiding oral‐induced gastrointestinal side effects and improving medication adherence in the elderly.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Effects of Calcium and Magnesium Ions on BSA‐Binding Properties of Novel Quinoxaline Bridged Bis(Benzimidazolium) Salts
Authors: Hanifi Şahan Mehmet , Düşünceli Serpil Demir , Kaloğlu Murat , Özdemir İsmail , Üstün Elvan
Published: November 2024

Magnesium and calcium play crucial roles in many physiological processes and have been carried by serum albumin in blood plasma. This protein also helps to regulate the distribution of these ions in cells and tissues. Serum albumin also carries many compounds such as drugs, hormones, and fatty acids. Therefore, binding regime of a drug with albumin may affect the serum albumin level and a certain amount of calcium and magnesium in plasma. Also, the calcium and magnesium concentrations of blood influence the binding properties of all transported materials. Quinoxalines have a significant potential in pharmaceutical chemistry. In this study, we reported the synthesis and characterization of novel quinoxaline bridged bis(benzimidazolium) salts with trifluoromethyl substituents. New compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The interactions of quinoxaline bridged bis(benzimidazolium) salts with BSA were investigated. The changes of the interactions with the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were also studied. The binding constants in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ are approximately 104 level. Additionally, the interactions between the optimized molecules and BSA were detailed with molecular docking methods. The highest interaction was detected for 2c with −8.33 kcal/mol binding affinity. The binding affinities of other molecules are listed as 2a > 2e > 2d > 2b. H‐bonds were detected for all molecules.
Design, Synthesis, and Screening for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities of New Dihydropyridine‐Anchored Pyrazole and 1,2,3‐Triazole Hybrids
Authors: Chevula Kishan , Patnam Nagesh , Chennamsetti Prasad , Kashetti Vaeshnavi , Thumma Vishnu , Bollempally Prashanth , Manga Vijjulatha
Published: November 2024

Two new libraries of diethyl and dimethyl dihydropyridines‐based pyrazole and 1,2,3‐triazole hybrids (7a–g and 7h–n) were synthesized via a series of reactions involving click chemistry, pyrazole synthesis, and multicomponent reaction. All the new compounds were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity and antimicrobial activities. The 4‐chloro substituted analogue (7i) in dimethyl ester series showed an excellent activity against all three, namely, human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7), human cervical cancer (HeLa), and human breast cancer triple‐positive (BT‐474) cell lines with IC50 values of 0.119 ± 0.58 µM, 0.135 ± 0.13 µM, and 0.163 ± 0.31 µM, respectively compared to abemaciclib. Molecular docking studies performed on the best active compound 7i against crystal structure of CDK6 revealed its best binding score and interactions. Additionally, these libraries were screened for their antimicrobial activities and determined their MIC. Compounds with ─Cl (7b), ─OMe (7d), ─Me (7a) substitution, and without substitution (7e) significantly showed better MIC values in comparison to ampicillin and nystatin.
Hydroxyapatite/Chondroitin Sulphate Nanocomposite Infused with Black Seed Oil for Bone Tissue Applications: Physicochemical Characterizations and In Vitro Screening
Authors: Fatima Tooba , Jolly Reshma , Mushahid Fariha , Khan Nazoora , Umar Mohd Saad , Owais Mohammad , Shakir Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Morbidities associated with natural bone have highlighted the need of advanced bioactive implants for the replacement of damaged bone. Known for their beneficial bioactivity and biocompatibility, Nigella sativa seeds (kalonji/black seed) are traditionally used in many medications. This research focuses on the positive impact of black seed extract on the chondroitin sulfate‐based hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue regeneration applications. Novel nanocomposites with varied concentrations of black seed extract (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) were fabricated through a coprecipitation approach and analyzed for physicochemical and biological applications. The results of X‐ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the HCSK3 nanocomposite was successfully developed with appreciably strong molecular interactions among their components. HCSK3 nanocomposite exhibits higher rough surface morphology (Ra −1.13 µm and Rz −4.8 µm), uniform particle distribution (average particle size −9.9 nm), and good thermal stability with total weight loss of 13%. It also provides better nucleation sites for apatite formation and protein adsorption stimulating cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Moreover, HCSK3 nanocomposite showed excellent cell viability, higher ARS/ALP activities, better antibacterial property, and nonhemolytic property (below 3%). Thus, it can be concluded that HCSK3 nanocomposite manifested the highest biocompatibility and negligible cell toxicity. Therefore, it can be employed as an ideal bone implant in the bone tissue restoration phenomenon.
Water‐Driven Stacking Structure Transformation of Ultrathin Ru Nanosheets for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ma Hengrui , Hao Cong , Peng Yuhang , Zhang Zhiming , Liu Qi , Ning Ruoxin , Jiang Qiaorong , Lin Haixin , Xie Zhaoxiong
Published: November 2024

Ultrathin crystalline materials are a class of popular materials that can potentially exhibit fascinating physical and chemical properties dictated by their unique stacking freedom. However, it is challenging to achieve the controllable synthesis over their stacking structure for ultrathin crystalline materials. Herein, water is employed as a key regulatory factor to realize phase engineering in ultrathin nanosheets (NSs), thereby altering stacking faults to achieve distinct stacking arrangements. Ruthenium (Ru) NSs with consistent specific surface areas but different stacking manners are fabricated through the systematic regulation of water. Based on this, it is demonstrated that the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance can be significantly influenced by their stacking structures. Further in‐depth investigations reveal that the distinct stacking structures of Ru NSs, featuring a limited area of side facets, will influence the energy barrier of sluggish Volmer step in HER. Ru NSs with ABC stacking exhibit an accelerated Volmer process with outstanding catalytic activity, demonstrating a remarkably low overpotential (25 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and Tafel slope (29 mV dec−1) than most of the reported HER catalysts. The work will advance the understanding of controllable synthesis methods and illuminate the structure‐activity relationships in ultrathin crystalline nanomaterials.
Phase Transition of Wax Enabling CRISPR Diagnostics for Automatic At‐Home Testing of Multiple Sexually Transmitted Infection Pathogens
Authors: Zhou Hu , Cai Yixuan , He Liang , Li Tao , Wang Zhijie , Li Li , Hu Ting , Li Xi , Zhuang Liang , Huang Xiaoyuan , Li Ying
Published: November 2024

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) significantly impact women's reproductive health. Rapid, sensitive, and affordable detection of these pathogens is essential, especially for home‐based self‐testing, which is crucial for individuals who prioritize privacy or live in areas with limited access to healthcare services. Herein, an automated diagnostic system called Wax‐CRISPR has been designed specifically for at‐home testing of multiple STIs. This system employs a unique strategy by using the solid‐to‐liquid phase transition of wax to sequentially isolate and mix recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and CRISPR assays in a microfluidic chip. By incorporating a home‐built controlling system, Wax‐CRISPR achieves true one‐pot multiplexed detection. The system can simultaneously detect six common critical gynecological pathogens (CT, MG, UU, NG, HPV 16, and HPV 18) within 30 min, with a detection limit reaching 10−18 M. Clinical evaluation demonstrates that the system achieves a sensitivity of 96.8% and a specificity of 97.3% across 100 clinical samples. Importantly, eight randomly recruited untrained operators performe a double‐blinded test and successfully identified the STI targets in 33 clinical samples. This wax‐transition‐based one‐pot CRISPR assay offers advantages such as low‐cost, high‐stability, and user‐friendliness, making it a useful platform for at‐home or field‐based testing of multiple pathogen infections.
Ultralow‐Power Programmable 3D Vertical Phase‐Change Memory with Heater‐All‐Around Configuration
Authors: Hur Namwook , Kim Yechan , Park Beomsung , Yoon Sohui , Kim Seunghwan , Lim Dong‐Hyeok , Jeong Hongsik , Kwon Yoongwoo , Suh Joonki
Published: November 2024

Recent advancements in phase‐change memory (PCM) technology have predominantly stemmed from material‐level designs, which have led to fast and durable device performances. However, there remains a pressing need to address the enormous energy consumption through device‐level electrothermal solutions. Thus, the concept of a 3D heater‐all‐around (HAA) PCM fabricated along the vertical nanoscale hole of dielectric/metal/dielectric stacks is proposed. The embedded thin metallic heater completely encircles the phase‐change material, so it promotes highly localized Joule heating with minimal loss. Hence, a low RESET current density of 6–8 MA cm−2 and operation energy of 150–200 pJ are achieved even for a sizable hole diameter of 300 nm. Beyond the conventional 2D scaling of the bottom electrode contact, it accordingly enhances ≈80% of operational energy efficiency compared to planar PCM with an identical contact area. In addition, reliable memory operations of ≈105 cycles and the 3‐bits‐per‐cell multilevel storage despite ultrathin (<10 nm) sidewall deposition of Ge2Sb2Te5 are optimized. The proposed 3D‐scaled HAA‐PCM architecture holds promise as a universally applicable backbone for emerging phase‐change chalcogenides toward high‐density, ultralow‐power computing units.
Predicting Electric Vehicle Charging Demand in Residential Areas Using POI Data and Decision‐Making Model
Authors: Zhou Huahao , Liu Fangbai , Chen Hao , Ni Yajia , Yang Shenglan , Xu Wuhao
Published: November 2024

Transport electrification is a crucial element of the ongoing energy transition, essential for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) introduces significant challenges to power distribution network stability due to their aggregated charging load in residential areas, particularly during peak electricity consumption periods. This paper proposes a method to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of EV charging demand in residential areas using geographic information points of interest (POI) data features and a decision‐making model. Utilizing real historical data, probability distribution models for EV users' arrival times and charging characteristics were constructed using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). The spatiotemporal characteristics of EV travel and charging behaviors were analyzed, and a comprehensive charging decision model incorporating both emergency and stochastic scenarios was developed. The model's efficacy in capturing the probability distributions of characteristic variables was validated through a case study. The results demonstrate the model's potential for accurately predicting EV charging demand, providing valuable insights for infrastructure planning and resource allocation. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Systematic analysis of search strategies for Lμ − Lτ gauge bosons at Belle II
Authors: Brown Connor , Fiaschi Juri , Fischer Oliver , Teubner Thomas
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Extensions of the Standard Model with masses at or below the GeV scale are motivated by searches for dark matter and precision measurements in the quark and lepton flavour sectors, including that of the muon anomalous magnetic moment. An excellent experimental environment to test such light new physics is given by the Belle II experiment, which foresees to take up to 50 ab−1 of data. Here we consider a model with an additional gauged $$ \textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

symmetry that introduces a neutral gauge boson, a Dark Photon, with possibly large couplings to muon- and tau-flavored leptons, including neutrinos. Dark Photon mixing with the Standard Model photon is loop induced, allowing it to couple to electrically charged fermions other than muons and taus. We systematically investigate the possible search strategies for Dark Photons with four fermion final states. We identified search channels with muons as the most promising ones, and we analyse the kinematic distributions to obtain cuts that optimise the sensitivity of Belle II searches for the Dark Photon. Summarising the sensitivities from the most promising search channels we provide a comprehensive overview of future searches at Belle II.