bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Super-channel spectrum saving optimization procedure in elastic optical networks
Authors: Radovic Margita , Sgambelluri Andrea , Cugini Filippo , Sambo Nicola
Published: December 2022

Optical networks have historically been overprovisioned for physical-layer conditions and capacity and, as such, operate uninterrupted over several years. By reducing system margins, network efficiency and cost savings could be improved without compromising network reliability. On the other hand, super-channel transmission has been identified as a suitable solution for supporting high-data-rate connectivity. NETCONF, along with YANG models, has been recognized as a software defined networking (SDN) configuration and management protocol enabling control in a vendor-neutral way. Moreover, the OpenConfig YANG model defines vendor-specific transmission parameters, such as modulation format and bit rate, within operational modes. This paper investigates the trade-off between super-channel quality of transmission (QoT) and spectrum saving by allowing slight subcarrier overlap and tight filtering, hence reducing system margins. An automatic spectrum-efficient super-channel optimization procedure is experimentally demonstrated using a 600 Gbit/s transponder in an SDN-controlled elastic optical network. The automatic procedure performs the adaptation of filter bandwidth and subcarrier spacing. The latter is effectively operated by transponder agents, without involving the SDN controller, thus reducing the margins while guaranteeing that the QoT enables savings of up to 25% of the spectrum.
Parametric optical rectification due to the near-field interaction between nanosized metallic domains
Authors: Pal Mandira , Niv Avi
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we study parametric optical rectification that is not due to material properties but emerges from the electrostatic near-field interaction between nanosized metallic domains. The ability to demonstrate this effect comes from samples based on a unique slab waveguide with deeply buried nanometer-thin metallic layers. These samples intensify the presumed rectification mechanism while suppressing competing effects. We describe three experiments that, combined, indicate a non-material-based nonlinear mechanism in our samples. The origin of the nonlinear mechanism responsible for rectification is elucidated by invoking a toy model whose sole nonlinearity comes from the interaction between strictly linear oscillators.
Stratified camera calibration algorithm based on the calibrating conic
Authors: Chai Binhu , Wei Zhenzhong
Published: December 2022

In computer vision, camera calibration is essential for photogrammetric measurement. We propose a new stratified camera calibration method based on geometric constraints. This paper proposes several new theorems in 2D projective transformation: (1) There exists a family of lines whose parallelity remains invariable in a 2D projective transformation. These lines are parallel with the image of the infinity line. (2) There is only one line whose verticality is invariable with the family of parallel lines in a 2D projective transformation, and the principal point lies on this line. With the image of the infinite line and the dual conic of the circular points, the closed-form solution of the line passing through principal point is deduced. The angle among the target board and image plane, which influences camera calibration, is computed. We propose a new geometric interpretation of the target board’s pose and solution method. To obtain appropriate poses of the target board for camera calibration, we propose a visual pose guide (VPG) of the target board system that can guide a user to move the target board to obtain appropriate images for calibration. The expected homography is defined, and its solution method is deduced. Experimental results with synthetic and real data verify correctness and validity of the proposed method.
Double-enhanced multipass cell-based wavelength modulation spectroscopy CH4 sensor for ecological applications
Authors: Wang Ruifeng , Peng Jie , Cao Yuan , Mei Jiaoxu , Wang Guishi , Liu Kun , Chen Weidong , Gao Xiaoming
Published: December 2022

A novel CH4 sensor based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy with a multipass cell was developed for the soil respiration measurement of CH4. A home-made double-enhanced Herriot-type multipass cell with an effective absorption length of 73.926 m and a fiber-coupled distributed feedback diode laser emission at 1653.74 nm were used to design the sensor. The double enhancement of the effective optical pathlength of the multipass cell, absorption line locking, laser intensity normalization, and temperature control of the multipass cell were used to improve cell performance and achieve a minimum detection limit of 10 ppbv and a measurement precision of 6.4 ppbv. Finally, the potential of the developed CH4 sensor for ecological applications was verified by measuring the soil respiration of CH4 and monitoring of CH4 in the atmosphere over a long period.
Shortcut to adiabaticity in a bent mode-evolution coupler
Authors: Chung Hung-Ching , Tseng Shuo-Yen
Published: December 2022

A shortcut to adiabatic light transfer in mode-evolution coupler by axis bending is proposed. Phase mismatch due to waveguide width difference can be cancelled by a proper bending profile, realizing shortcut to adiabatic light transfer in the coupler. The bent coupler is more compact than the conventional straight coupler without compromising the device performance.
Interaction-free measurements based communication scheme for long-haul data transfer: erratum
Authors: Gayen Ankan
Published: December 2022

This erratum corrects a typographical error that occurred in Opt. Continuum 1(6), 1435 (2022)10.1364/OPTCON.448283.
Wittgenstein and censorship
Authors: Gould David
Published: December 2022

The current debates around censorship are about more than whether or not censorship is desirable. These debates are also about what counts as censorship. The question of what counts as censorship is a relatively new one since the Liberal conception of censorship was taken as given until the 1980s. Since then, a new approach to understanding censorship has gained momentum. What Matthew Bunn calls ‘New Censorship Theory’ argues that the Liberal conception is far too narrow to properly encompass the vast complexities of censorship. New Censorship Theory does not deny the insights offered by the Liberal conception, but expands upon them. This expansion pushes the notion of censorship out of the censor’s office and into the marketplace, politics and social life. New Censorship Theory also recognizes the way that censorship is both prohibitive and productive. In light of this, some authors have argued that New Censorship Theory overstretches the concept of censorship to such a degree that it risks becoming useless and it risks equating all forms of censorship. Beate Müller borrows the notion of family resemblances from the philosophy of the later Wittgenstein to try to avoid getting stuck in the debates around terminology. She does this by trying to identify the essential elements of censorship, distinguishing between its core and periphery characteristics and by mapping censorial actions and reactions systematically. I argue that Müller uses the philosophy of Wittgenstein to make an anti-Wittgensteinian argument. In order to show why I think that this is the case, I will review the censorship debate before providing my own Wittgensteinian contribution.
Shades of technocratic solutionism: A discursive-material political ecology approach to the analysis of the Swedish TV series Hållbart näringsliv (‘Sustainable business’)
Authors: Nicoletta Gerardo Costabile , Carpentier Nico
Published: December 2022

This article analyses the Swedish TV series Hållbart näringsliv (HN) to study hegemonic discursive formations over the meaning of the climate crisis. Combining new materialist approaches in discourse studies with a political ecology understanding of the socio-ecological entanglement, we propose the concept of technocratic solutionism to understand how the neo-liberal green economy secures instrumentalist discourses on nature in the Swedish context. The discourse-theoretical analysis of nine HN episodes identifies four nodal points which articulate the technocratic solutionist discourse: capital’s leading role, Nordic exceptionalism, substitutionalism and long-termism. We argue that the climate crisis can be understood as a materiality that dislocates capitalist assemblages, which then, in response, deploy a techno-solutionism discourse to protect the core principles of economic growth and profitability while marginalizing potential radical alternatives.
In Between Communication Theories through One Hundred Questions, Tomas Kačerauskas and Algis Mickūnas (2020)
Authors: Carpentier Nico
Published: December 2022

Review of: In Between Communication Theories through One Hundred Questions, Tomas Kačerauskas and Algis Mickūnas (2020)

Cham: Springer, 278 pp.,

ISBN 978-3-03041-105-3, h/bk, EUR 98.09

ISBN 978-3-03041-108-4, p/bk, EUR 98.09

ISBN 978-3-03041-106-0, e-book, EUR 74.89
Las enseñanzas superiores de arte dramático en el sistema educativo español: mirando al pasado para construir futuros
Authors: Caride José Antonio , Vieites Manuel F.
Published: December 2022

La primera propuesta orientada a organizar la educación teatral superior en España data de 1769, aunque habrá que esperar hasta 1830 para que se ponga en marcha el Real Conservatorio de Música de María Cristina, o para que, un año más tarde, en 1831, inicien su desarrollo académico los estudios de Declamación. Desde entonces las enseñanzas superiores de Arte Dramático han experimentado múltiples vicisitudes, asociadas a su progresiva implantación y presencia social, con avances y retrocesos de distinta naturaleza y alcance. Tratando de situarnos en algunas de sus circunstancias del pasado, argumentaremos sobre su estado de cuestión en el tiempo histórico que transcurre desde los primeros años del siglo xix hasta la actualidad. Lo haremos poniendo énfasis en el marco normativo-legislativo que le es aplicable y en las coordenadas sociopolíticas en las que se inscribe, sin obviar –con una perspectiva comparada– algunas de sus principales señas de identidad relativas a su estatuto, organización y desarrollo, tanto en el contexto español como en el europeo y mundial. Recurriendo, metodológicamente, a una revisión bibliográfica y al análisis documental, además de dar respuesta a algunas preguntas o cuestiones clave, reivindicaremos niveles de formación y profesionalización que posibiliten dotar a las enseñanzas superiores de Arte Dramático del reconocimiento que sus saberes y prácticas requieren. Su trayectoria histórica obliga a construir más y mejores futuros.
Los primeros colegios del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús y la enseñanza de niñas en Cuba durante el siglo XIX
Authors: García Pérez Francisco José
Published: December 2022

La Sociedad del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús tiene una larga trayectoria en lo que se refiere al ámbito educativo y cuenta con una influencia que llega hasta nuestros días. En el caso concreto de Cuba, el siglo xix constató una importante expansión de la educación femenina. De hecho, numerosas órdenes religiosas abrieron colegios allí. Entre todas ellas, destacan los de la Congregación del Sagrado Corazón, fundados concretamente en La Habana y Sancti Spiritu. A lo largo de estas líneas, se analizarán distintas cuestiones que afectaban directamente a ambos centros. Por un lado, se estudiará su funcionamiento, el tipo de alumnas que eran admitidas, el plan de estudios diseñado y los beneficios de estos centros en la educación femenina. Por otro lado, es importante también poner énfasis en los distintos obstáculos que atravesaron ambos centros, especialmente en un momento en el que la isla de Cuba se veía azotada por una insurrección armada que alteraba la vida escolar. Actualmente contamos con numerosa documentación de archivo, generada por el antiguo Ministerio de Ultramar, que proporciona datos que ayudarán a comprender el papel desempeñado por el Sagrado Corazón de Jesús en la isla.
La enseñanza de las artes y los sistemas educativos nacionales. Presentación
Authors: Rubio Mayoral Juan Luis , Trigueros Gordillo Guadalupe
Published: December 2022

Pese a la importancia de las enseñanzas artísticas en todos los ámbitos de la realidad, no han sido objeto de un tratamiento historiográfico desde las ciencias de la educación acorde a su valor, proyección social y alcance para la cultura y la formación social y humanística. En la mayor parte de los casos existen valiosos estudios e investigaciones históricas desarrolladas en buena medida dentro de cada una de sus áreas de conocimiento. No obstante, apenas existen investigaciones realizadas desde el área de política y legislación educativa o desde la economía de la educación. En alguna medida porque la relación entre sus saberes, beneficios pecuniarios y utilidad práctica queda alejada de la lógica economicista que busca en la relación coste-beneficio la finalidad utilitarista de las formaciones.
Parias de la virilidad: hombres «afeminados» en los manuales de historia de la España franquista
Authors: Noblet Bertrand
Published: December 2022

La llegada al poder en 1939 de miembros de la casta de oficiales apoyados por los sectores más reaccionarios de la sociedad española trajo consigo la represión legal y la violencia simbólica contra los hombres homosexuales. Como parte de una exaltación más amplia de la herencia viril nacional, los manuales de Historia participaron, en su medida, en la estigmatización de los hombres «afeminados». Sin embargo, sus autores se ven enfrentados a la fuerza de la prohibición que los obliga a recurrir a numerosos circunloquios. Es cierto que el riesgo de porosidad entre lo masculino y lo femenino nunca llega a conjurarse del todo, como muestra el análisis de la ambigua figura del moro de al-Ándalus.
Common diseases of cattle in Jordan: A retrospective study (2015–2021)
Authors: Alekish Myassar , Ismail Zuhair Bani
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: In many developing countries, infectious and non-infectious diseases remain a major hurdle in achieving satisfactory status related to animal health, productivity, and welfare. In Jordan, there are no comprehensive reports describing the most common diseases involving different body systems in different age groups of cattle. Therefore, this retrospective study was designed to report the frequencies of various infectious and non-infectious diseases and their distribution according to sex, age, and body system in cattle in Jordan.

Materials and Methods: Case medical records of cattle presented for clinical evaluation to the Veterinary Health Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Jordan University of Science and Technology between January 2015 and December 2021 were used in this study. The data were categorized based on sex (female vs. male), body system involved in the disease process, nature of the disease process (infectious vs. non-infectious), and age (pre-weaning [<2 months of age], 2 months–2 years of age, and older than 2 years of age). Descriptive analysis was performed to report the frequencies, averages, and range values using Excel spreadsheets.

Results: Medical records of 513 cattle cases were used in the study. All cattle belonged to the Holstein-Friesian dairy breed. The majority of cases were female (91%). The age of animals ranged between 1 day and 8 years. According to age groups, there were 52%, 27%, and 16% of cases older than 2 years, 2 months–2 years, and pre-weaning (<2 months), respectively. Among males and females, the majority of cases were diagnosed with gastrointestinal diseases (30%), followed by udder/teat diseases (18%), reproductive and obstetrical diseases (16%), and respiratory diseases (11%). Other body systems involved in disease processes were metabolic (7%), musculoskeletal (6%), cardiovascular/circulatory (4%), multiple systems (3%), nervous (2%), ear/eye (2%), and skin (1%).

Conclusion: Results of this study provide valuable information on the most likely diagnostic list of diseases involving various body systems of different age groups in cattle in Jordan. This information could serve as a clinical guideline for field diagnosis of cattle diseases and provide an accurate estimate of the current status of cattle welfare, health, and husbandry practices in Jordan.
Metsien käytön kestävyysmuutoksen mittaamisen periaatteista
Authors: Kangas Annika , Pynnönen Sari , Mäkipää Raisa , Komonen Atte , Halme Panu
Published: December 2022

Suomalaisen metsäpolitiikan keskeinen päämäärä on jo yli sadan vuoden ajan ollut puuntuotannollinen kestävyys, mutta metsätalouden kestävyyden tarkastelu on laajentunut yhteiskunnallisten tarpeiden ja arvostusten muuttumisen myötä. Nykyisin metsäpolitiikan tavoitteeksi mainitaan usein kokonaiskestävyys, joka on kuitenkin kestävyyden osa-alueiden välisten subjektiivisten, kullekin arvioijalle yksilöllisten vaihtosuhteiden takia mahdotonta saavuttaa. Tässä tutkimuksessa määrittelimme tutkijatyönä laatuvaatimukset kestävyyskeskustelussa käytettäville kriteereille. Tarvitaan kattava ja operatiivinen kriteeristö, jolla kestävyysmuutoksia voidaan objektiivisesti seurata. Kattavuus tarkoittaa, että kaikki sovellustilanteen kannalta merkittävät seikat on huomioitu. Toisaalta kaikilla kriteereillä tulee olla selkeä yhteys sovellustilanteeseen. Operatiivisuus taas tarkoittaa, että metsien käytön seurantaan ja tulevaisuuden suunnitteluun käytettävät kriteerit ovat tulkittavissa, mitattavissa, ja että ne pystyvät erottelemaan metsien käytön muutoksia. Tulevaisuuden suunnittelun näkökulmasta kriteereiden kehittyminen erilaisilla metsien käsittelyvaihtoehdoilla pitäisi olla ennustettavissa. Keräsimme työryhmissä ajatuksia metsien käytön kestävyyden kriteereiksi ja indikaattoreiksi, ja työstimme niistä keskusteltavaksi ehdotuksen kestävyysmuutoksen mittaami­sesta peilaamalla työryhmissä ehdotettuja kriteerejä ja indikaattoreita asetettuihin laatuvaatimuksiin. Koimme perinteiset ekologisen, sosiaalisen ja taloudellisen kestävyyden ryhmät liian yleisiksi operatiiviseen käyttöön, ja sen vuoksi jaoimme kriteerit kuuteen ryhmään: vesistön tila, luonnon tila, ilmaston tila, talous, hyvinvointi ja hyväksyttävyys. Useille tarkastelluille kriteereille emme löytäneet suoraa yhteyttä metsien käyttöä koskevaan päätöksentekoon. Monet tarkastelluista taloudellisista ja hyvinvointia kuvaavista kriteereistä soveltuvat paremmin esimerkiksi metsäteollisuuden investointeja ja toimintaa koskevaan päätöksentekoon tai maankäytön ja kaavoituksen päätöksentekoon kuin metsien käsittelyä koskevaan päätöksentekoon. Hyväksyttävyyttä koskevat kriteerit puolestaan soveltuvat esimerkiksi lakeja, sertifiointikriteereitä tai ohjeita koskevaan päätöksentekoon. Taloudellinen, sosiaalinen ja kulttuurinen kestävyys ilmenevät siten usein eri päätöksentekotasoilla kuin ekologinen tai puuntuotannollinen, ja tämä näkyy kriteereiden määrässä ja laadussa.
Memoria y testimonio de la dictadura militar argentina en el teatro
documento
Authors: Santiago Alonso Gemma
Published: December 2022

Después de más de 40 años tras el final de la dictadura argentina (1976-1983), la
huella de la violencia extrema todavía está latente en la memoria social argentina, que
ha calado igualmente en las segundas generaciones de la dictadura, quienes se han visto
en la necesidad de cuestionar el discurso y los silencios que entretejen y conforman el
legado dictatorial, para poder evocar, (re)pensar e interrogar su pasado e inscribirlo
dentro de un relato. En el caso de Lola Arias y de los protagonistas de Mi vida después,
estamos ante hijas e hijos de la dictadura argentina que abogan por un proceso de
asimilación y reinterpretación de todos los discursos heredados, de todas las versiones
asumidas (por muy contradictorias que sean entre sí muchas veces), para poder verbalizar
sucesos silenciados intencionalmente de un pasado traumático. En un intento proteico por
dar espacio sobre la escena a todos los discursos/narraciones/objetos/archivos
heredados, estos se van reescribiendo, reinterpretando y reconstruyendo en un gerundio
imposible de cerrar, al encuentro de una polifonía de materiales y voces, con la firme
finalidad de construir un puente entre el hiato existente entre el presente y el pasado,
para que así el presente (y por ende, el futuro) pueda ser más entendible a través de un
recuerdo (que bien pueda ser mediado o ficcional).
On the taxonomy and diversity of Cruciferae in Kazakhstan
Authors: German Dmitry A. , Vesselova Polina V.
Published: December 2022

Taxonomy and species diversity of the mustard family (Cruciferae or Brassicaceae) in Kazakhstan is updated. Draba bajtenovii described and hitherto known from Kungei Alatau is synonymized with D. fladnizensis for which it is a southern limit of distribution in the Eurasia, while Trans-Ili Alatau endemic D. microcarpella is found conspecific with a montane Asian D. lanceolata. Noccaea thlaspidioides (N. cochleariformis) is confirmed to occur in the country based on collections from Altai. Finally, Isatis trachycarpa and Smelowskia annua are shown to be absent in the flora of Kazakhstan due to the lack of gatherings confirming their occurrence in the country.
Proposition and Practical Significance of Two Classes of New Teaching Methods and Diversified Assessment During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic
Authors: Zhao Bin , Cao Jinming
Published: December 2022

After entering the new century, people are facing a new external environment. Recently human society is coming into knowledge economy era, and the industrial structure has deeply been adjusted. Today, the past teaching method of imparting knowledge and getting people to accept education, or exam-oriented teaching ideas have been unable to keep up with the needs of the development of the Times. In the future, the key point of education is to promote people to understand the knowledge, and grasp rules between things. Based on this, it is particularly necessary for the talents cultivation to adopt a new idea of training. The paper takes the major in mathematics as an example, designs two classes of new teaching methods CT&CL and BOOF with the diversified assessment to cultivate students’ innovative thinking, providing a reference for the other students. The two classes of new teaching methods and the diversified assessment are worthy of further spreading and exercising during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic.
Harina de banana: producción, caracterización fisicoquímica, tecnológica y funcional
Authors: Toconás Nancy Mariela , Villalva Fernando Josué , Sajama Jaqueline Noemí , Olivares La Madrid Ana Paula , Ramón Adriana Noemí , Alcocer Jimena Cecilia , Goncalvez de Oliveira Enzo , Armada Margarita
Published: December 2022

Introducción: La banana es una fruta tipo climatérica fuente de nutrientes, que puede ser utilizada para la obtención de subproductos, entre ellos, harinas y féculas. El objetivo fue producir harina de banana a partir de dos estadios de maduración y analizar sus características fisicoquímicas, tecnológicas y funcionales.
Metodología: Se trabajó con bananas (Musa Cavendish var. nanica) en estadio I (verde; BVI) y IV (madura; BMIV). Las muestras se deshidrataron a 40°C durante 7 h (BVI) y 70 h (BMIV). En la fruta y en las harinas se estudiaron parámetros morfológicos, físicos (pH, acidez titulable y sólidos solubles), químicos (humedad, carbohidratos, proteínas, grasas y cenizas), tecnológicos índice de absorción de agua (IAA), índice de solubilidad en agua (ISA), poder de hinchamiento (PH) y funcionales fenoles totales (FT), flavonoides y capacidad antioxidante (CA).
Resultados: Para BVI y BMIV se encontró una longitud de 20.83 y 21.3cm, grosor de cáscara 4 y 3mm, pH 5.3 y 4.8, acidez titulable 0.3 y 0.5%, sólidos solubles 1.2 y 9.6°Brix, humedad 63.0 y 75.8%, carbohidratos 33.3 y 20.4, proteínas 1.5 y 1.5 y grasas 1.3 y 1.1g/100g y FT 281.0 y 551.0 mgEAG/100g, flavonoides 65.4 y 168.5 mgEC/100g y CA 8.2 y 9.4% respectivamente. Para las harinas BVI y BMIV se obtuvo: IAA 2.6 y 3.2g/g, ISA 2.5 y 15.2% y PH 2.7 y 3.7g/g, pH 5.8 y 6.2, aw 0.5 y 0.4, humedad 10.7 y 13.0%, carbohidratos y proteínas 81.8 y 77.1 y 4.5 y 4.0 g/100g, FT 4078.2 y 3437.5 mgEAG/100g, flavonoides 333.6 y 634.1 mgEC/100g y CA 84.7 y 13.0% respectivamente.
Conclusión: Fue factible producir y caracterizar harina de banana de dos estadios de maduración con parámetros nutricionales, tecnológicos y funcionales destacables lo cual permitiría su incorporación como ingrediente en la formulación de productos alimenticios.
Financiación: Este trabajo fue apoyado por subvenciones del proyecto CIUNSa Tipo N° A 2362/0 “Formulación, evaluación y aplicación de alimentos con características saludables, para la prevención y/o tratamiento de enfermedades no transmisibles”.
Comparative Performance of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Based Techniques in Patients With Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Shi-yu , Wang Zhi-jie , Pan Cheng-ye , Wu Cheng , Li Zhao-shen , Jin Zhen-dong , Wang Kai-xuan
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Evidence on the comparative diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-based techniques for pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) is limited. This network meta-analysis comprehensively compared EUS-based techniques for PCL diagnosis.

METHODS:

A comprehensive literature search was performed for all comparative studies assessing the accuracy of 2 or more modalities for PCL diagnosis. The primary outcome was the diagnostic efficacy for mucinous PCLs. Secondary outcomes were the diagnostic efficacy for malignant PCLs, diagnostic success rate, and adverse event rate. A network meta-analysis was conducted using the ANOVA model to assess the diagnostic accuracy of each index.

RESULTS:

Forty studies comprising 3,641 patients were identified. The network ranking of the superiority index for EUS-guided needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (EUS-nCLE) and EUS-guided through-the-needle biopsy (EUS-TTNB) were significantly higher than other techniques for differentiating mucinous PCLs; besides, EUS-TTNB was also the optimal technique in identifying malignant PCLs. The evidence was inadequate for EUS-nCLE diagnosing malignant PCLs and contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS diagnosing both mucinous and malignant PCLs. Glucose showed a high sensitivity but low specificity, and molecular analysis (KRAS, GNAS, and KRAS + GNAS mutations) showed a high specificity but low sensitivity for diagnosing mucinous PCLs. Satisfactory results were not obtained during the evaluation of the efficiency of pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF) biomarkers in detecting malignant PCLs.

DISCUSSION:

For centers with relevant expertise and facilities, EUS-TTNB and EUS-nCLE were better choices for the diagnosis of PCLs. Further studies are urgently required for further improving PCF biomarkers and validating the diagnostic performance of the index techniques.
Can a Solitary Juvenile Polyp Be Regarded as a Nonmalignant Polyp?
Authors: Fukami Kumiko , Furihata Makoto , Yano Shintaro , Okawa Hiroki , Nishi Shinjiro , Nakatsu Yoichi , Nomoto Yusuke , Ogiwara Shingo , Kitamura Tsuneo , Tomita Shigeki , Osada Taro
Published: December 2022

Juvenile polyps (JPs) are common, developing mostly as solitary, hamartomatous lesions in the colorectum, and principally affect pediatric patients. Solitary JPs are recognized as benign, with a negligible malignant transformation rate. Primary signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare type of colorectal cancer (0.1%–2.6%) that presents mostly at an advanced stage in younger patients and affects the right-sided colon, with extensive lymphatic invasion and peritoneal dissemination, resulting in a poorer prognosis compared with conventional colorectal cancer. We report a rare case of signet ring cell carcinoma in a solitary JP treated with endoscopic mucosal resection.
Widening community participation in preparing for climate-related disasters in Japan
Authors: Kitagawa Kaori , Samaddar Subhajyoti
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses community participation drawing on ongoing disaster recovery and preparedness projects (RPP) in the communities affected by the Heavy Rain Event of 2018 in western Japan. Participatory approaches have become a mainstream methodology for community-based disaster risk reduction (DRR) as advocated in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. The majority of participation research addresses either ‘success’ factors for participation or the types of participation. The paper proposes a notion of ‘widening participation’ in addressing the challenge of attracting people to participate in preparedness initiatives. Originally widening participation was a higher education policy in the UK aiming to broaden the demographic composition of the student base. Even the RPP that are publicly recognised as ‘good practices’ struggle to recruit more people for the projects. Borrowing the notion of widening participation, the paper identifies how each project encourages non-participants to get involved in the project activities. The paper applies the EAST framework (Easy, Attractive, Social, Timely) widely utilised in the policy making of widening participation and further public services. Rather than providing the public with information and guidance, ‘easy’, ‘attractive’, ‘social’ and ‘timely’ behavioural approaches tend to enable participation. Examining these four principles in the four cases of RPP, the paper suggests that the EAST framework is feasible in strengthening the strategies for widening participation in preparedness action. The paper, however, recognises a need to address the difference between top-down public policies and bottom-up community projects in the application of the framework.
Effect of cadmium stress on seed germination and seedling morpho-physiological growth parameters of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea Link)
Authors: Revathy K , Ravi Shanker S
Published: December 2022

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal, which is seen in the contaminated soils and severely affects the growth and development of plants in recent years. The study on the seed germination and morpho-physiological growth characteristics of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) cultivar CO (KV) 2 treated with different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg/kg of soil) of Cd were evaluated at 15th, 30th, and 45th day of interval. The findings of this research demonstrate that the maximum dosage of Cd (250 mg/kg of soil) affects the germination percentage (65%) of barnyard millet. Seedling vigor index has been negatively influences a drop in germination percentage. Increasing concentrations of Cd reveals the growth of root and shoot length and the quantity of fresh and dry weight affected. The phytotoxicity percentage of roots and shoots also increases with increasing concentrations of Cd, whereas the tolerance index level decreases with increasing concentrations of Cd. In root and shoot, the relative growth index was reduced in higher concentration of Cd. The relative water content remains high in the initial stages of leaf development and declines when the leaf matures. From this study, it was found that the increase in the concentration of Cd leads to decrease the germination percentage and morpho-physiological growth parameters as compared to control.
The Territory of the NATO
Authors: Matthijs Herman
Published: December 2022

With the demands from Finland and Sweden to join the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Russian military invasion of Ukraine the public opinion and media are often relating to the borders of this Western military alliance. This article analyses the territory of the NATO.
Against Gender: The Anti-Gender Movements and the Socio-Cultural and Moral Deconstructions in Europe
Authors: Matejková Alexandra , Mihálik Jaroslav
Published: December 2022

Gender ideology has quickly developed as a response to fostering human rights, especially in the case of gender equality. Gender policy thus became a political and ideological instrument that subjects human rights to another contest – a new form of crusade pursued by anti-gender movements which advocate traditional and conservative ideologies against gender equality and gender theories. In this paper, we seek to track and map the recent development of anti-gender movements and their mobilisation. We apply critical discourse analysis to several doctrines of antigenderism in order to understand the global popularity and mass appeal of these movements.
Philosophical Inquiry into Computer Intentionality: Machine Learning and Value Sensitive Design
Authors: Mykhailov Dmytro
Published: December 2022

Intelligent algorithms together with various machine learning techniques hold a dominant position among major challenges for contemporary value sensitive design. Self-learning capabilities of current AI applications blur the causal link between programmer and computer behavior. This creates a vital challenge for the design, development and implementation of digital technologies nowadays. This paper seeks to provide an account of this challenge. The main question that shapes the current analysis is the following: What conceptual tools can be developed within the value sensitive design school of thought for evaluating machine learning algorithms where the causal relation between designers and the behavior of their computer systems has been eroded? The answer to this question will be provided through two levels of investigation within the value sensitive design methodology. The first level is conceptual. Within the conceptual level, we will introduce the notion of computer intentionality and will show how this term may be used for solving an issue of non-causal relation between designer and computer system. The second level of investigation is technical. At this level the emphasis will be given to machine learning algorithms.
Performance analysis of the hybrid MIMO-LD/LED link for the UWOC system in sea water
Authors: Abd Mertah N. , Ali Mazin Ali A. , Mohammed Nadheer J.
Published: December 2022

Theoretical analysis of underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC) systems based on a hybrid LD/LED link in sea water was reported in this research. Multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) and single input-single output (SISO) approaches are used to implement the modulation schemes NRZ-OOK, RZ-OOK, 4-QAM, and 64-PPM. As carriers, waves with the wavelengths 715, 650, 532, and 412 nm are employed. The receiver unit includes the photodiodes PIN and APD to recognize the received signal. The findings indicate that the hybrid LD/LED link’s performance using the MIMO technique is superior to SISO in terms of BER, Q factor, and data rate. Additionally, 64-PPM is a reliable modulation technique for achieving a low BER and a high Q factor.
Phragmén-Lindelöf alternative results and structural stability for Brinkman fluid in porous media in a semi-infinite cylinder
Authors: Li Yuanfei , Chen Xuejiao
Published: December 2022

This article investigates the spatial behavior of the solutions of the Brinkman equations in a semi-infinite cylinder. We no longer require the solutions to satisfy any a priori assumptions at infinity. Using the energy estimation method and the differential inequality technology, the differential inequality about the solutions is derived. By solving this differential inequality, it is proved that the solutions grow polynomially or decay exponentially with spatial variables. In the case of decay, the structural stability of Brinkman fluid is also proved.
A Boat Is a Boat Is a Boat…Unless It Is a Horse – Rethinking the Role of Typology
Authors: Horn Christian , Green Ashely , Skärström Victor Wåhlstrand , Lindhé Cecilia , Peternell Mark , Ling Johan
Published: December 2022

Today, it is widely accepted that typology is a biased and inconsistent attempt to classify archaeological material based on the similarity of a predefined set of features. In this respect, machine learning (ML) works similar to typology. ML approaches are often deployed because it is thought that they reduce biases. However, biases are introduced into the process at many points, e.g., feature selection. In a project applying ML to Scandinavian rock art data, it was noticed that the algorithm struggles with classifying certain motifs correctly. This contribution discusses the consistency in applying biases by ML in contrast to the inconsistency of human classification. It is argued that it is necessary to bring machines and humans into a meaningful dialogue attempting to understand why apparent “misclassifications” happen. This is important to inform us about the classification output, our biases, and the rock art data, which are in themself inconsistent, ambiguous, and biased because they are the outcomes of human creativity. The human inconsistency is a necessary component because in rock art not everything that looks similar has a similar meaning.
Eco-friendly flaxseed mucilage biofilms fabricated by gamma irradiation
Authors: Raslan Heba A. , Sokary Rehab
Published: December 2022

With looming the global energy crisis and environmental problems Biodegradable green blends based on natural resources and biodegradable polymers have increasingly attracted many researches interest due to their advantages of low cost, use of renewable resource, and biodegradability. In this study, flaxseed mucilage (FM) was extracted with distilled water and utilised to make films with varying ratios of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (Cs). Gamma irradiation was used as green method to improve the performance of the produced films. Then the films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–vis spectrophotometry and XRD analysis. The tensile measurements, moisture content were used to evaluate the films’ qualities. When flaxseed mucilage is mixed with PVA/Cs blend, it forms films that are less resistive, less rigid, and more flexible, improves mechanical properties and thermal stability. Films containing mucilage and PVA/Cs blend exhibited a compact and homogeneous structure under SEM, confirming the FTIR spectra that suggested a chemical interaction between these three biopolymers. Based on all above properties of the developed films, it can be envisaged to use these films for packaging applications.
Theoretical analysis of interfacial design and thermal conductivity in graphite flakes/Al composites with various interfacial coatings
Authors: Liu Yuan , Li Wenjun , Cui Yan , Yang Yukun , Yang Jipeng
Published: December 2022

Graphite flakes/Al composites are promising thermal management materials due to high thermal conductivity (TC) in basal plane orientation, matched coefficient of thermal expansion, and good machinability. In this article, the acoustic mismatch model and the effective medium approach are applied to predict the influence of different interfacial coatings on the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) and the TC of graphite flakes/Al composites, respectively. With the increase in the thickness of interfacial coatings, the ITC and the TC of graphite flakes/Al composites decrease. For the composites with Ni, Cr/Cr7C3/Cr3C2, Si/SiC, Ti/TiC, WC, and Mo/Mo2C coatings, the ITC is sensitive to coating thickness. In order to obtain ideal TC of graphite flakes/Al composites, the thickness of the coatings should be controlled below 1 μm. It is reasonable that the TC of the graphite flakes/Al composites increases as the volume fraction of graphite flakes increases. The TC of the graphite flakes/Al composites increases with the ITC and changes slowly when the ITC increases to a certain extent. Si/SiC and WC coatings are proposed to be the most promising candidates to improve the thermal performance of graphite flakes/Al composites.
DVASINIS KONSULTAVIMAS MODERNIOJE VISUOMENĖJE. KAS TAI?
Authors: Raginytė Daiva , Oželis Remigijus
Published: December 2022

Humanity benefits from the achievements of modern technology, but man cannot avoid pain, long-term suffering, and spiritual problems. In modern society, as in all eras, man still raises fundamental questions of being: What is the meaning of life? What is spirituality? How to solve spiritual problems? Therefore, spiritual counselling or assistance is receiving more and more attention. Its needs and benefits are undoubtedly noticeable, because spiritual assistance tries to respond to the spiritual needs of people today, and to be a landmark in spreading spiritual well-being. Although spiritual counselling in Lithuania is still searching for explicit boundaries of function and definition, it is becoming quite clear that it is not the same as psychological counselling. Of course, spiritual counselling is not so far from psychological counselling, as they both have some features in common. However, the priority of a spiritual counsellor is existential questions and the search for answers to queries about the meaning of life, suffering, death, love, etc. Spiritual counselling tries to approach a person through the prism of faith. A unique element in spiritual counselling is not the methods used by the counsellors, but their personality, their world-view, faith, values, and attitude towards other people. Therefore, in order to substantiate the identity and importance of spiritual counselling, this article aims to reveal the essence and meaning of spiritual counselling.
Specific Inhibition of Interpeduncular Nucleus GABAergic Neurons Alleviates Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Male Mice after Prolonged Abstinence from Methamphetamine
Authors: Xu Xing , Li Nanqin , Wen Jun , Yang Ping , Lu Xue , Wang Zilin , He Teng , Fan Yu , Xu Bo , Ge Feifei , Guan Xiaowei
Published: December 2022

Anxiety is one of the most common withdrawal symptoms of methamphetamine (METH) abuse, which further drives relapse to drugs. Interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) has been implicated in anxiety-like behaviors and addiction, yet its role in METH-abstinence-induced anxiety remains unknown. Here, we found that prolonged abstinence from METH enhanced anxiety-like behaviors in male mice, accompanied by more excited IPN GABAergic neurons, as indicated by the increased c-fosexpression and the enhanced neuronal excitability by electrophysiological recording in the GABAergic neurons. Using the designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs method, specific inhibition of IPN GABAergic neurons rescued the aberrant neuronal excitation of IPN GABAergic neurons and efficiently reduced anxiety-like behaviors, whereas it did not induce depression-like behaviors in male mice after prolonged abstinence from METH. These findings reveal that IPN GABAergic neurons should be a promising brain target to alleviate late withdrawal symptoms from METH with few side effects.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProlonged abstinence from METH triggers IPN GABAergic neurons and ultimately increases anxiety in male mice. Suppressing IPN GABAergic neurons rescues METH abstinence-induced aberrant neuronal excitation of IPN GABAergic neurons and efficiently reduces anxiety in mice.
Merchants of Virtue: Hindus, Muslims, and Untouchables in Eighteenth-Century South Asia
Authors: Cherian Divya
Published: December 2022

Merchants of Virtue explores the question of what it meant to be Hindu in precolonial South Asia. Divya Cherian presents a fine-grained study of everyday life and local politics in the kingdom of Marwar in eighteenth-century western India to uncover how merchants enforced their caste ideals of vegetarianism and bodily austerity as universal markers of Hindu identity. Using legal strategies and alliances with elites, these merchants successfully remade the category of “Hindu,” setting it in contrast to “Untouchable” in a process that reconfigured Hinduism in caste terms. In a history pertinent to understanding India today, Cherian establishes the centrality of caste to the early-modern Hindu self and to its imagination of inadmissible others.
Implementation of Federalism in Nepal: The Devil is in the Detail
Authors: Smith Robert Brian , Smith Nucharee Nuchkoom
Published: December 2022

After a long period of instability, Nepal adopted a new Constitution in 2015, creating a multiparty federal republic. Previously Nepal had been a unitary state,  albeit with a long period of political instability and insurgencies. In 2017 the two competing communist parties merged to form the ruling Nepal Communist Party (NCP), which operated with a 2/3rd majority in the House of Representatives. The implementation of federalism has been slow and uneven. Despite assurances to the contrary, the government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been lacking, with Constitutional obligations ignored. The machinations of the then Prime Minister have exacerbated this, apparently supported by the President to overcome constitutional norms to keep the Prime Minister in power. The paper analyses the devolution of powers to the provincial and local levels described in the constitution. There have been successes and failures. There appeared to be a concerted effort from the federal parliament and some in the bureaucracy to continue to centralize power. This early inaction has hindered its response to the pandemic. Of even more concern is the then prime minister's role as he sought to maintain his hold on power by ignoring the provisions of the Constitution.
Rethinking Indebtedness according to the Principles of Justice and Equality
Authors: Johan Suwinto , Sudiro Amad , Gunadi Ariawan , Luo Yuan Yuan
Published: December 2022

The law's objective is to uphold the principle of justice. Contractual debts, interest-bearing debts, unsecured debts, and debts with payment terms are all included in restructuring plans. All debts must be accompanied by a contract. If the business defaults, the contract serves as proof of debt. This research focuses on Indonesia's bankruptcy law. This study employs an empirical qualitative legal method.  The study recommends categorizing debt according to its source, duration, function, and collateral. Debts classified as restructuring must waive their collateral rights. This debt grouping is consistent with finance's capital structure theory. This research will revolutionize the current concept of debt restructuring. The study will serve as a resource for all business actors who have documented debt. Debt is uncommon in developing countries such as Indonesia. Entrepreneurs in developing countries have established business relationships based on mutual trust. The study's limitation is that it does not take industry type into account. Additionally, this research has implications for a firm's total cost of capital as a result of changes in the risk model and creditor roles, particularly in developing countries. This study proposes a system of debt classification based on principles of justice and equity. This classification is made not only on the basis of the guarantee's type, but also on the basis of the agreement's duration and financial principles. The purpose of this study is to examine bankruptcy law in developing countries. Knowledge of bankruptcy law will add value to investors and banks on a global scale.