bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of biologics for alveolar ridge preservation/reconstruction and implant site development: An American Academy of Periodontology best evidence systematic review
Authors: Suárez‐López del Amo Fernando , Monje Alberto
Published: July 2022

Background

The use of biologics may be indicated for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) and reconstruction (ARR), and implant site development (ISD). The present systematic review aimed to analyze the effect of autologous blood‐derived products (ABPs), enamel matrix derivative (EMD), recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB), and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2), on the outcomes of ARP/ARR and ISD therapy (i.e., alveolar ridge augmentation [ARA] and maxillary sinus floor augmentation [MSFA]).

Methods

An electronic search for eligible articles published from January 2000 to October 2021 was conducted. Randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of ABPs, EMD, rhBMP‐2, and rhPDGF‐BB for ARP/ARR and ISD were included according to pre‐established eligibility criteria. Data on linear and volumetric dimensional changes, histomorphometric findings, and a variety of secondary outcomes (i.e., clinical, implant‐related, digital imaging, safety, and patient‐reported outcome measures [PROMs]) were extracted and critically analyzed. Risk of bias assessment of the selected investigations was also conducted.

Results

A total of 39 articles were included and analyzed qualitatively. Due to the high level of heterogeneity across studies, quantitative analyses were not feasible. Most studies in the topic of ARP/ARR revealed that the use of biologics rendered similar results compared with conventional protocols. However, when juxtaposed to unassisted healing or socket filling using collagen sponges, the application of biologics did contribute to attenuate post‐extraction alveolar ridge atrophy in most investigations. Additionally, histomorphometric outcomes were positively influenced by the application of biologics. The use of biologics in ARA interventions did not yield superior clinical or radiographic outcomes compared with control therapies. Nevertheless, ABPs enhanced new bone formation and reduced the likelihood of early wound dehiscence. The use of biologics in MSFA interventions did not translate into superior clinical or radiographic outcomes. It was observed, though, that the use of some biologics may promote bone formation during earlier stages of healing. Only four clinical investigations evaluated PROMs and reported a modest beneficial impact of the use of biologics on pain and swelling. No severe adverse events in association with the use of the biologics evaluated in this systematic review were noted.

Conclusions

Outcomes of therapy after post‐extraction ARP/ARR and ARA in edentulous ridges were comparable among different therapeutic modalities evaluated in this systematic review. Nevertheless, the use of biologics (i.e., PRF, EMD, rhPDGF‐BB, and rhBMP‐2) in combination with a bone graft material generally results into superior histomorphometric outcomes and faster wound healing compared with control groups.
MA‐cont:pre/post effect size: An interactive tool for the meta‐analysis of continuous outcomes using R Shiny
Authors: Papadimitropoulou Katerina , Riley Richard D. , Dekkers Olaf M. , Stijnen Theo , le Cessie Saskia
Published: July 2022

Meta‐analysis is a widely used methodology to combine evidence from different sources examining a common research phenomenon, to obtain a quantitative summary of the studied phenomenon. In the medical field, multiple studies investigate the effectiveness of new treatments and meta‐analysis is largely performed to generate the summary (average) treatment effect. In the meta‐analysis of aggregate continuous outcomes measured in a pretest‐posttest design using differences in means as the effect measure, a plethora of methods exist: analysis of final (follow‐up) scores, analysis of change scores and analysis of covariance. Specialised and general‐purpose statistical software is used to apply the various methods, yet, often the choice among them depends on data availability and statistical affinity. We present a new web‐based tool, MA‐cont:pre/post effect size, to conduct meta‐analysis of continuous data assessed pre‐ and post‐treatment using the aforementioned approaches on aggregate data and a more flexible approach of generating and analysing pseudo individual participant data. The interactive web environment, available by R Shiny, is used to create this free‐to‐use statistical tool, requiring no programming skills by the users. A basic statistical understanding of the methods running in the background is a prerequisite and we encourage the users to seek advice from technical experts when necessary.
Investigation of text‐mining methodologies to aid the construction of search strategies in systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy—a case study
Authors: O'Keefe Hannah , Rankin Judith , Wallace Sheila A. , Beyer Fiona
Published: July 2022

Current methodologies for designing search strategies rely heavily on the knowledge and expertise of information specialists. Yet, the volume and complexity of scientific literature is overwhelming for even the most experienced information specialists, making it difficult to produce robust search strategies for complex systematic reviews. In this case study, we aimed to assess and describe the benefits and limitations of using semi‐automated text‐mining tools for designing search strategies in a systematic review of diagnostic test accuracy. An experienced information specialist designed a search strategy using traditional methods. This strategy was then amended to include additional terms identified by text‐mining tools. We evaluated the usability and expertise required, risk of introducing bias to the search, precision of the search strategy and rated the usefulness of the tools. Thirteen of the 16 investigated tools produced a total of 40 additional terms, beyond those in the original search strategy. This resulted in 11 previously unidentified relevant articles being retrieved. Precision was reduced or remained the same in all cases. After considering all aspects of the investigation we rated each application, with two being ‘extremely useful’, three being ‘useful’, three having ‘no impact’ and eight being ‘not very useful’. Comparative analysis revealed discrepancies between similar tools. Our findings have implications for the way in which these methodologies are used and applied to search strategies. If semi‐automated techniques are to become mainstream in information retrieval for complex systematic reviews, we need tailored tools that fit information specialists' requirements across disciplines.
Documentation in Pediatric Microlaryngoscopy/Bronchoscopy: International Modified Delphi Consensus
Authors: Neocleous Penelope , Dzioba Agnieszka , Strychowsky Julie , Husein Murad , Propst Evan J. , Nguyen Lily HP , Wolter Nikolaus E. , You Peng , Choi Sukgi , Torre Michele , Zalzal George , Parikh Sanjay , Mehta Deepak , Graham M. Elise ,   the Pediatric Bronchoscopy Working Group
Published: July 2022

Background

Complete and accurate documentation of surgical procedures is essential for optimizing patient care, yet significant variation in operative notes persists within and across institutions. We sought to reach consensus on the most important components of an operative note for pediatric microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy.

Methods

A modified Delphi consensus process was used. A checklist for operative documentation, created by fellowship‐trained pediatric otolaryngologists‐head and neck surgeons, was sent to surgeons identified as experts in pediatric laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy. In the first round, items were rated as “keep” or “remove”. In the second round, each item was rated on a 7‐point Likert scale for importance. The mean score of each item was calculated to determine if consensus was reached.

Results

Overall, 43/74 (58.1%) surgeons responded to our survey. After two rounds of editing, 28 components reached consensus, 24 were near consensus, and 26 did not reach consensus. Items that reached final consensus had mean (SD) ratings of 6.12 (0.94) (range, 5.31–6.72).

Conclusion

Pediatric otolaryngologists identified as bronchoscopy experts were able to create a checklist of essential components of an operative note for pediatric laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy using a Delphi method. Items reaching consensus included procedure name, description of breathing, grade of airway view, description of normal anatomic structures, grade of subglottic stenosis if present, presence and description of tracheobronchomalacia, presence of fistulae, cleft and rings, and several special cases including foreign body and tracheostomy management, as well as end of procedure disposition and complications.

Level of Evidence

5 Laryngoscope, 133:1234–1238, 2023
Healthy Human Laryngopharyngeal Sensory Innervation Density Correlates with Age
Authors: Cole Caroline L. , Yu Victoria X. , Perry Sarah , Seenauth Anisa , Lumpkin Ellen A. , Troche Michelle S. , Pitman Michael J. , Moayedi Yalda
Published: July 2022

Objective

Somatosensory feedback from upper airway structures is essential for swallowing and airway defense but little is known about the identities and distributions of human upper airway neurons. Furthermore, whether sensory innervation modifies with aging is unknown. In this study, we quantify neuronal and chemosensory cell density in upper airway structures and correlate with age.

Methods

Participants underwent biopsies from base of tongue, lateral and midline pharyngeal wall, epiglottis, and arytenoids (N = 25 13 female/12 male; 20–80 years, mean 51.4 years without clinical diagnosis of dysphagia or clinical indication for biopsy). Tissue sections were labeled with antibodies for all neurons, myelinated neurons, and chemosensory cells. Densities of lamina propria innervation, epithelial innervation, solitary chemosensory cells, and taste buds were calculated and correlated with age.

Results

Arytenoid had the highest density of innervation and chemosensory cells across all measures compared to other sites. Taste buds were frequently observed in arytenoid and epiglottis. Base of tongue, lateral pharynx, and midline posterior pharynx had minimal innervation and few chemosensory cells. Epithelial innervation was present primarily in close proximity to chemosensory cells and taste buds. Overall innervation and myelinated fibers in the arytenoid lamina propria decline with aging.

Conclusion

Findings establish the architecture of healthy adult sensory innervation and demonstrate the varied distribution of laryngopharyngeal innervation, necessary steps toward understanding the sensory basis for swallowing and airway defense. We also document age‐related decline in arytenoid innervation density. These findings suggest that sensory afferent denervation of the upper airway may be a contributing factor to presbyphagia.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:773–784, 2023
Dosing, efficacy and safety of lenvatinb in the real‐world treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Results from a Canadian database
Authors: Pires Amaro Carla , Allen Michael J. , Knox Jennifer J. , Tsang Erica S. , Lim Howard J. , Lee‐Ying Richard M. , Chan Kelvin W. , Qian Jessica , Meyers Brandon M. , Thawer Alia , Al‐Saadi Sulaiman M. S. , Hsu Tina , Ramjeesingh Ravi , Karachiwala Hatim , Abedin Tasnima , Tam Vincent C.
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

A phase 3 trial showed lenvatinib to be effective and safe in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, its performance in the real world and effect of dosing on survival are unclear.

Methods

From July 2018 to June 2020, HCC patients treated with lenvatinib from 10 Canadian cancer centres were included. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were retrospectively analysed and compared across first‐ and later lines use of lenvatinib. In patients receiving lenvatinib first‐line, OS between different mean dose intensities and starting doses were compared.

Results

A total of 220 patients were included, of which 79% received lenvatinib as first‐line therapy. For first‐line versus later line treatment, median OS was 12.5 versus 11.8 months (P = .83) and median PFS was 7.6 versus 4.6 months (P = .27) respectively. Of patients receiving lenvatinib first‐line, 54% started at full dose according to their weight. Median OS for patients starting lenvatinib at full‐ and reduced‐dose was 12.3 and 15.8 months (P = .75) respectively. Median OS for patients with a mean dose intensity >66.7% compared ≤66.7% was 13.7 and 7.7 months (P = .01). In the multivariate analysis, dose intensity (>66.7 vs ≤66.7%) did not predict for OS [HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.42–1.18; P = .18]. The most common side effects were fatigue (59%), hypertension (41%) and decreased appetite (25%).

Conclusions

Lenvatinib appears to be effective in real‐world practice regardless of the line of therapy. Dose modifications at the start or during treatment did not appear to significantly affect survival.
Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with maize straw: Seeking long‐term improvement of rice yield by raising quality indicators of a red paddy soil
Authors: Zhang Lian , Hou Kun , Zhang Qiong , He Shifu , Long Guangli , Yin Lichu , Zhu Hongmei , Tian Chang , Luo Gongwen , Rong Xiangmin , Han Yongliang
Published: July 2022

Straw application increases crop yield, but the underlying mechanisms of straw‐substitution for chemical fertilizer on yield is not completely understood. We hypothesized that straw application improves crop yield by improving soil quality. In order to clarify how partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with maize straw affects soil properties and the specific contribution of soil properties to double‐cropping rice yield, we selected a long‐term positioning test station operated since 1982 and designed three fertilization treatments: (1) single chemical fertilizers (CF); (2) medium replacement by maize straw under which 1/3 of nitrogen (N) fertilizer was replaced (MS); and (3) high replacement by maize straw under which 2/3 of N fertilizer was replaced (HS). The yield under HS of late and early rice increased by 42.66% and 25.04% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Long‐term straw application significantly decreased soil bulk density, increased total porosity, and improved the stable aggregates content (>0.25 mm). Straw application increased soil urease, protease, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and catalase activities, microbial biomass carbon (C), microbial biomass N, and nutrients compared with CF. The structural equation model indicated that the tested soil properties explained 77% of the variations in observed rice yield. The rice yield was mainly indirectly affected by soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass, and enzyme activities. The results showed that straw substituted for chemical fertilizers increased rice yield. The key factors affecting yield under long‐term fertilization were SOM, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity, rather than soil N, phosphorus (P) nutrient contents, and bulk density.
Comparing KTP and CO2 laser excision for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A systematic review
Authors: Yang Jimin , Xie Zhongcheng , Seyler Barnabas C.
Published: July 2022

Objective

The CO2 laser and 532 nm potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser have been applied to treat recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). This systematic review sought to compare outcome differences between these two methods.

Data Sources

Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library.

Review Methods

CO2 laser and KTP laser studies were obtained by keyword searches of four authoritative medical databases. Articles were screened and retained when conforming to inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was cure rate; the secondary outcomes were recurrence, death, remission, clearance, and human papillomavirus (HPV)‐detected rates, as well as laser effectiveness rates. Postoperative complications rate was the safety outcome measure. All outcomes were summarized within the CO2 and KTP groups, with results statistically compared (p < .05).

Results

Overall, the cure rates were 87.25% (KTP group) and 75.98% (CO2 group; p < .05). Complication rates significantly differed between the KTP (2.32%) and CO2 (17.71%) groups (p < .0001). There was a relatively higher but not significant difference in the recurrence rates between the CO2 (18.6%) and KTP (10.87%) groups (p = .1595). The CO2 group remission rate was considerably lower (38.9%) than the KTP group (88.46%, p < .0001). HPV‐detected and clearance rates were only reported for the CO2 group. The bias risks were 13.1 ± 1.45 (CO2) and 13.6 ± 1.52 (KTP) for the two groups, indicating evidence was of fair quality.

Conclusion

Overall, KTP laser excision showed significantly better postoperative clinical outcomes than the CO2 laser, with a lower failure rate. Available fair‐quality evidence suggests KTP laser excision might be better for treating RRP. Nevertheless, more high‐quality randomized controlled studies are needed to compare these two surgical techniques, particularly in terms of reporting functional data such as vocal outcomes.
Functional responses of aggregate‐colonizing copepods
Authors: Koski Marja , Lombard Fabien
Published: July 2022

Zooplankton consumption of aggregates, such as marine snow, is an important factor in determining the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. However, the feeding rates of aggregate‐associated small harpacticoid and poecilostomatoid copepods are largely unknown, as are the factors that influence these rates. We measured the functional responses of pellet production (PP) of aggregate‐feeding copepods on appendicularian houses, algal and detrital aggregates, and on Trichodesmium spp. tufts. The PP rates of all copepods increased with increasing aggregate concentrations, but the response varied depending on the aggregate type. The pelagic harpacticoid copepod Microsetella norvegica had the highest PP rates on algal aggregates, while the poecilostomatoid copepod Oncaea spp. and the benthic harpacticoid copepod Amonardia normanni PP rates were highest on appendicularian houses. The ingestion rates of M. norvegica and Oncaea spp. were typically 0.04–0.13 μg C ind.−1 d−1, with the exception of ca. three times higher rates of Oncaea spp. on appendicularian houses and ca. 10 times higher rates of M. norvegica on algal aggregates. The ingestion rates of the larger species, A. normanni, were generally higher, 0.3–1.3 μg C ind.−1 d−1 on algal aggregates, and even ca. 10‐fold higher on appendicularian houses. Our results suggest that the aggregate degradation rates by copepods can vary many‐fold depending on the quality (origin) of the aggregate and the copepod species. This can have large consequences for the attenuation of vertical carbon flux.
Prevalence and Treatments of Movement Disorders in Prion Diseases: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Sequeira Danielle , Nihat Akin , Mok Tzehow , Coysh Thomas , Rudge Peter , Collinge John , Mead Simon
Published: July 2022

Background

Prion diseases cause a range of movement disorders involving the cortical, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar systems, and yet there are no large systematic studies of their prevalence, features, associations, and responses to commonly used treatments.

Objectives

We sought to describe the natural history and pharmacological management of movement disorders in prion diseases.

Methods

We studied the serial examination findings, investigation results, and symptomatic treatment recorded for 700 patients with prion diseases and 51 mimics who had been enrolled onto the prospective longitudinal National Prion Monitoring Cohort study between 2008 and 2020. We performed an analysis to identify whether there were patterns of movement disorders associated with disease aetiology, PRNP codon 129 polymorphism, disease severity rating scales, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings.

Results

Gait disturbances, myoclonus, and increased tone are the most frequently observed movement disorders in patients with prion diseases. The typical pattern of early motor dysfunction involves gait disturbance, limb ataxia, impaired smooth pursuit, myoclonus, tremor, and increased limb tone. Disturbances of gait, increased tone, and myoclonus become more prevalent and severe as the disease progresses. Chorea, alien limb phenomenon, and nystagmus were the least frequently observed movement disorders, with these symptoms showing spontaneous resolution in approximately half of symptomatic patients. Disease severity and PRNP codon 129 polymorphism were associated with different movement disorder phenotypes. Antiepileptics and benzodiazepines were found to be effective in treating myoclonus.

Conclusions

We describe the prevalence, severity, evolution, treatment, and associated features of movement disorders in prion diseases based on a prospective cohort study. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Field elated over upcoming 988 MH crisis system, just days away from launch
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: July 2022

The nation's new three‐digit, mental health crisis hotline — 988 — officially went live July 16 and in the days prior to its launch, the mental health field, including key stakeholders and partners, cheered the long‐awaited dialing code that they said will transform crisis and mental health intervention.
Prominent addiction treatment provider will incorporate primary mental health
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2022

A high‐profile addiction treatment organization in the Northeast and Midwest has brought on two prominent mental health leaders to develop an integrated behavioral health strategy that will incorporate primary mental health services. The move by Recovery Centers of America (RCA) reflects the intensifying demand for mental health treatment in the population traditionally served by addiction‐focused organizations.
Educating, informing patients of color is important in treatment
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: July 2022

Editor's note: In observance of BIPOC Mental Health Month, this is the first of a two‐part series on culturally responsive care for the Black, Indigenous, People of Color community with serious mental illness. The second part will be published in our July 25 issue.
Crisis jam session celebrates, reviews plans for 988 launch
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: July 2022

Shining a light on the life‐saving work of crisis centers and continuing to strengthen the 988 workforce, along with building awareness and understanding of 988, and supporting states, territories and tribes in their 988 implementation efforts, are among the key objectives that the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has outlined in its 988 crisis hotline transition efforts, according to a SAMHSA official in the days before the July 16 national rollout.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in children: The European Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group experience
Authors: Orbach Daniel , Van Noesel Max M. , Brennan Bernadette , Corradini Nadège , Alaggio Rita , Ben Arush Myriam , Schoot Reineke A. , Berlanga Pablo , Zanetti Ilaria , Hjalgrim Lisa Lyngsie , Di Corti Federica , Ramirez Gema , Casanova Michela , Ferrari Andrea
Published: July 2022

The European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group analyzed all children with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma prospectively registered in the NRSTS‐05 (EUDRACT 2005‐001139‐31) and in MTS‐2008 (NCT00379457) studies: 10 patients with localized and one with metastatic disease. Median age was 14.3 years (range, 9.0–18.8). Local therapy was initial primary surgery in seven cases, and five patients received systemic therapy. No patients received radiotherapy. After a median follow‐up of 50 months (range, 6–176) for living patients, nine patients remain alive off therapy and two died. Five‐year progression free and overall survivals are, respectively, 77.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.5–93.9) and 74.1% (95% CI: 28.1–93.0).
Vibration characteristics of circular composite sandwich cylindrical shells with soft core
Authors: Dong Xiaowen , Yin Bo , Li Yanzhao , Zhai Yanchun
Published: July 2022

In this article, in order to obtain better vibration characteristics of circular composite sandwich cylindrical shells (CCSCS), the free vibration and damping property of CCSCS has been performed with parameter analysis. First, the equations of motion of CCSCS are deduced by adopting a displacement continuous piece‐wise model based on Hamilton's principle and first order shear theory, in which shear strain and rotary inertias of all layers are considered. Second, the exact Navier method is adopted to obtain the solutions of these vibration equations and is authenticated by comparison with the results of open literatures. Finally, the change rule of free vibration and damping property versus thickness, shear parameter, and some structure parameters ratios are presented graphically, then a series of valuable conclusion are proposed to make CCSCS obtain higher rigidity and damping property.
Investigation of low‐velocity impact behavior of aluminum honeycomb composite sandwiches with GNPs doped BFR laminated face‐sheets and interfacial adhesive for aircraft structures
Authors: Demirci Mehmet Turan
Published: July 2022

The low‐velocity impacts that represent the equipment drop during maintenance and production, crash and drops of luggage that may occur during transportation and bird strikes during takeoff may occur in aircraft parts where honeycomb composite structures are used. Therefore, the low‐velocity impact (LVI) resistance of aircraft components is crucial. In this study, the effect of graphene nano platelets (GNPs) on the LVI behaviors of the BFR (basalt fiber reinforcement) laminated face‐sheets and the interface adhesive between the face‐sheet and the aluminum honeycomb core for composite sandwich structures were investigated. LVI tests were applied to GNPs doped and un‐doped BFR/aluminum composite sandwich samples to determine the values of the impact forces, displacements, interaction times, and absorbed energy at two different energy levels of 10 J and 20 J. The surface damages in the impact zones of the GNPs doped and un‐doped BFR laminated top face‐sheets of the sandwich samples were investigated on a macro scale with liquid penetrant. The damage formation and development of GNPs were detected in the cross‐sectional micro‐images of the top face‐sheets. SEM analysis was accomplished to define the fracture mechanisms provided by GNPs. As a consequence of tests and damage analysis, it was reported that GNPs increase the impact resistance of BFR/aluminum honeycomb composite sandwiches and limit and reduce damage development. GNPs showed increases in force and rebound energies of approximately 16.1% and 21.1% for 10 J, and approximately 8.2% and 14.7% for 20 J, respectively.
Strategy of combining offline 2D LC‐MS with LC‐DIA‐MS/MS to accurately identify chemical compounds and for quality control of Dioscorea septemloba Thunb
Authors: Chen Hongxi , Wang Lei , Wang Chenxi , Zhang Yi , Yu Haiyang , Fu Zhifei , Fu Xuebin , Han Lifeng
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Dioscorea septemloba Thunb. (DST), the rhizome of Dioscorea spongiosa J. Q. Xi, M. Mizuno et W. L. Zhao or Fuzhou Dioscorea futschauensis Uline ex R. Kunth, has multiple biological activities.

Objectives

We aimed to comprehensively characterize the chemical composition of DST and develop a quality control method.

Methods

Based on a UHPLC/Q‐Orbitrap‐MS platform, we developed an offline 2D LC‐MS method (HILIC×RPLC) to characterize the chemical constituents in the 75% ethanol extract of DST at first. Secondly, a data‐independent acquisition mode (DIA) was further established to conduct rapid qualitative analysis of compounds in DST from different habitats. Then, six differential compounds were screened out and selected as quantitative markers by UPLC‐QQQ‐MS to evaluate the content of DST from different habitats.

Results

In total, 137 compounds were identified in DST by combining offline 2D LC‐MS with LC‐DIA‐MS/MS. Then, simultaneous targeted/non‐targeted scanning technology was established based on the precursor ion list. Finally, six compounds, including dioscin, gracillin, pseduoprotodioscin, pseudoprotogracillin, protodioscin, and protogracillin, were accurately determined. The method validation showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range investigated (R2 > 0.999). The average recovery ranged from 86% to 107.5%, and LOD and LOQ were between 0.01 and 0.40 μg·mL−1.

Conclusion

Our strategy integrating offline 2D LC‐MS and the DIA mode could effectively separate and identify compounds from DST, indicating it can be used in subsequent compounds characterization studies. At the same time, the quality of DST was comprehensively and systematically evaluated.
Prevalence of low back pain and its associated risk factors among professions and workers in health, medical, and welfare facilities in Japan
Authors: Kubo Naoyuki , Fujinawa Osamu , Hori Hideaki , Mizuno Katsunori , Hayashi Seigaku
Published: July 2022

Background

The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and its associated risk factors, including physical function, are not fully clarified among health, medical, and welfare facility professionals and workers. Furthermore, issues related to the prevention of LBP are not completely understood.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of LBP and associated risk factors, including physical function, in professionals and workers in health, medical, and welfare facilities.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Physical examinations for LBP were conducted, and data were collected at health, medical, and welfare facilities in Japan.

Participants

A total of 1085 health, medical, and welfare facility professionals and workers participated in the study.

Main Outcome Measures

Prevalence was calculated based on the presence or absence of symptoms of LBP at the time of survey. Then, bivariate analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between LBP and age, gender, occupation, history of treatment for LBP, passive straight leg raising (SLR) angle, and abdominal muscle strength. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was performed to examine the relationship between LBP and the six risk factors.

Results

The prevalence of LBP was high (74.8%). Bivariate analysis showed a significantly higher percentage of nursing professionals (46.2%) in the LBP group (p < .001). The association between LBP and the risk factors in multivariate analysis was as follows: history of treatment for LBP (odds ratio [OR] = 3.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.63–5.84, p < .001), nursing professionals as occupation (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.55–2.90, p < .001), passive SLR angle (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.24–3.42, p = .005), abdominal muscle strength (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.07–2.41, p = .021), and gender (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.08–2.14, p = .015).

Conclusion

In the future, it will be necessary to take preventive measures for risk factors and to follow up longitudinally on the prevalence of LBP and on workers with indicated risk factors.
Fabrication of sustainable, toughening epoxy thermosets with rapidly thermal and light‐triggered shape memory property
Authors: Lu Chuanwei , Wang Xinyu , Shen Yi , Wang Jifu , Yong Qiang , Chu Fuxiang
Published: July 2022

Shape memory epoxy thermosets (SMETs) have attracted more and more attention in artificial intelligence applications. However, the fabrication of lightweight and high‐strength bio‐based SMET with multiple‐response shape memory properties remains a challenge. Herein, a thermal and light‐triggered bio‐based SMET with excellent mechanical property and toughness is prepared. To fabricate the SMET, a bio‐based curing agent (CFMA) derived from cardanol, menthane diamine and furfural is utilized to react with epoxy resin E51 to prepare the SMET. The curing kinetics of SMET is measured by non‐isothermal DSC, and the reaction order is 0.784. The SMETs have excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength. Based on the toughening effect of the bio‐based curing agent, the SMETs exhibit excellent stretchability, and the toughness of the SMETs improves gradually with the increase in curing agent content. Furthermore, the SMET exhibits excellent thermal and light‐triggered shape memory properties, and the SMET with broad glass transition shows triple‐shape memory property. These multiple stimulus–response bio‐based SMETs with lightweight and high strength have potential applications in the field of actuators and intelligent electronic devices.
Stability of cubic single network phases in diblock copolymer melts
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Mahanthappa Mahesh K. , Dorfman Kevin D.
Published: July 2022

We used self‐consistent field theory (SCFT) to examine the stability of three cubic single network structures, single gyroid, single diamond, and single primitive, in neat diblock copolymer melts. Arguments related to packing frustration, as measured by the standard deviation in the mean curvature of the interface relative to its mean, that explain the relative stability of double gyroid, double diamond and double primitive also extend to the relative stability of their single networks. However, this packing frustration measure fails to account for the relative stabilities of single and double networks, for example, single gyroid versus double gyroid, and arguments for a preferred curvature fail to explain the selection of double gyroid as the segregation strength increases. Rather, the larger interfacial areas per unit volume of single networks, arising from decreased domain sizes, are found to be a generic factor that leads to metastability of the cubic single networks relative to double gyroid in the network‐forming region of the morphology diagram. These results clarify the origins of the metastability of single cubic network phases in neat diblock copolymer melts.
Improving liver tumor image contrast and synthesizing novel tissue contrasts by adaptive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging fusion
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yin Fang‐Fang , Lu Ke , Moore Brittany , Han Silu , Cai Jing
Published: July 2022

Objective

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) renders rich and complementary anatomical and functional information, which is often utilized separately. This study aimed to propose an adaptive multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) fusion method, and examine its capability in improving tumor contrast and synthesizing novel tissue contrasts among liver cancer patients.

Methods

An adaptive mpMRI fusion method was developed with five components: image pre‐processing, fusion algorithm, database, adaptation rules, and fused MRI. The linear‐weighted summation algorithm was used for fusion. Weight‐driven and feature‐driven adaptations were designed for different applications. A clinical‐friendly graphic user interface (G was developed in Matlab and used for mpMRI fusion. Twelve liver cancer patients and a digital human phantom were included in the study. Synthesis of novel image contrast, and enhancement of image signal and contrast were examined in patient cases. Tumor contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and liver signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) were evaluated and compared before and after mpMRI fusion.

Results

The fusion platform was applicable in both XCAT phantom and patient cases. Novel image contrasts, including enhancement of soft‐tissue boundary, vertebral body, tumor, and composition of multiple image features in one image, were achieved. Tumor CNR improved from –1.70 ± 2.57 to 4.88 ± 2.28 (p < 0.0001) for T1‐weighted (T1‐w), from 3.39 ± 1.89 to 7.87 ± 3.47 (p < 0.01) for T2‐w, and from 1.42 ± 1.66 to 7.69 ± 3.54 (p < 0.001) for T2/T1‐w MRI. Liver SNR improved from 2.92 ± 2.39 to 9.96 ± 8.60 (p < 0.05) for diffusion‐weighted MRI. The coefficient of variation of tumor CNR lowered from 1.57, 0.56, and 1.17 to 0.47, 0.44, and 0.46 for T1‐w, T2‐w, and T2/T1‐w MRI, respectively.

Conclusion

A multiparametric MRI fusion method was proposed and a prototype was developed. The method showed potential in improving clinically relevant features, such as tumor contrast and liver signal. Synthesis of novel image contrasts, including the composition of multiple image features into a single image set, was achieved.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation synergizes the knockdown and toxicity of GABA‐gated chloride channel insecticides
Authors: Xie Na , Gross Aaron D.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Pest management requires continual identification of new physiological targets and strategies to control pests affecting agriculture and public/animal health. We propose the muscarinic system as a target for agrochemicals because of its physiological importance. Unlike the muscarinic system, gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors are an established insecticide target. Here, we investigated target‐site synergism using small molecule probes (agonist and antagonist) against the muscarinic system and their ability to enhance the toxicity of GABAergic insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen).

RESULTS

Oral delivery of pilocarpine (muscarinic agonist) enhanced the toxicity of dieldrin, fipronil, and lindane, resulting in synergist ratios (SRs) between 4–32‐fold (orally delivered) or between 2–67‐fold when insecticides were topically applied. The synergism between pilocarpine and the GABA‐insecticides was greater than the synergism observed with atropine (muscarinic antagonist), and was greater, or comparable, to the synergism observed with the metabolic inhibitor piperonyl butoxide. In addition to lethality, pilocarpine increased the knockdown of lindane. The mechanism of synergism was also investigated in the central nervous system using extracellular electrophysiology, where pilocarpine (3 μmo/L) lowered the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of lindane from 1.3 (0.86–1.98) μmol/L to 0.17 (0.14–0.21) μmol/L and fipronil's IC50 from 2.2 (1.54–3.29) μmol/L to 0.56 (0.40–0.77) μmol/L.

CONCLUSION

Convergence of the cellular function between the muscarinic and GABAergic systems enhanced the insecticidal activity of GABA receptor blocking insecticides through the modulation of the central nervous system (CNS). The future impact of the findings could be the reduction of the active ingredient needed in a formulation with the development of muscarinic synergists. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Flow properties of powdery or granular filling substances of dangerous goods packagings—Comparison of the measurement of the angle of repose and the determination of the Hausner ratio
Authors: Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Bethke John , Vogler Nico , Goedecke Thomas
Published: July 2022

To ensure safety when transporting dangerous goods, it is important to specify the flow properties of the respective solid filling substance of the packagings. For this purpose, the angle of repose is currently used for the UN approvals in Germany. Measurements were carried out on 12 powdery or granular substances applying the angle of repose measuring methods customary in the test centres. The results of the methods differ significantly from each other. In addition, some of the techniques cannot be applied for very cohesive or coarse‐grained materials. The results for the angle of repose show a strong scatter for some constellations (coefficient of variation more than 20%). Safety during transport of dangerous goods cannot be guaranteed with this currently practised system of measuring the angle of repose. As a consequence, an alternative parameter to characterize the flow properties of bulk materials should be used in the recognized test centers for dangerous goods packagings, such as the Hausner ratio. This approach leads to more precise test results for the substances examined (maximum coefficient of variation 2.8%). It also has advantages in terms of applicability and occupational safety. Since the flow properties are safety‐relevant, both in terms of mechanical safety and safety against the release of dangerous substances, the testing practice in the recognized test labs should be improved and standardized.
Bootstrap vs asymptotic variance estimation when using propensity score weighting with continuous and binary outcomes
Authors: Austin Peter C.
Published: July 2022

We used Monte Carlo simulations to compare the performance of asymptotic variance estimators to that of the bootstrap when estimating standard errors of differences in means, risk differences, and relative risks using propensity score weighting. We considered four different sets of weights: conventional inverse probability of treatment weights with the average treatment effect (ATE) as the target estimand, weights for estimating the average treatment effect in the treated (ATT), matching weights, and overlap weights. We considered sample sizes ranging from 250 to 10 000 and allowed the prevalence of treatment to range from 0.1 to 0.9. We found that, when using ATE weights and sample sizes were ≤ 1000, then the use of the bootstrap resulted in estimates of SE that were more accurate than the asymptotic estimates. A similar finding was observed when using ATT weights and sample sizes were ≤ 1000 and the prevalence of treatment was moderate to high. When using matching weights and overlap weights, both the asymptotic estimator and the bootstrap resulted in accurate estimates of SE across all sample sizes and prevalences of treatment. Even when using the bootstrap with ATE weights, empirical coverage rates of confidence intervals were suboptimal when sample sizes were low to moderate and the prevalence of treatment was either very low or very high. A similar finding was observed when using the bootstrap with ATT weights when sample sizes were low to moderate and the prevalence of treatment was very high.
Metal‐Catalyzed Approaches for the Construction of Azepinones
Authors: Moradiya Riddhi B. , Morja Mayur I. , Chauhan Prakashsingh M. , Chikhalia Kishor H.
Published: July 2022

The azepinone scaffolds are an important framework of pharmaceutically interesting compounds and many bioactive natural products. This review mainly focused on the metal‐catalyzed approaches towards the synthesis of azepinones (2001–2021). Mainly it covers cycloisomerization and metal carbenoid insertion. It also involves transformations through cycloaddition reactions, metathesis reactions, microwave reactions and direct C−H/C−C/C−N activation reactions. The applications, substrate scope, limitations and plausible mechanisms of these transformations have also been discussed.
Capture‐Transport Double Enhancement Strategy to Construct High‐efficiency Photo‐catalysts with p‐n Junction for Hydrogen Production under Visible‐light Irradiation
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Yu Minghui , Yu Hao , Wang Shuang , Cheng Yuye , Dou Minghao , Gong Xiaoyu , Li Zhiqiang , Shao Hongyu , Li Shenjie
Published: July 2022

The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by photo‐hydrolysis is considered as an effective way to solve current energy and environmental problems. The preparation of photo‐catalysts with excellent activity is expected to promote the rapid development of photo‐catalytic hydrogen production research. A two‐step strategy is used to obtain a CdS‐based photo‐catalyst with enhanced photo‐hydrogen production efficiency by improving the electron transport efficiency and the intrinsic electric field to promote electron separation. The CdS/Ag2S/NiS nanocomposites were prepared by a two‐step method in this work. After characterization of the structure, optical properties and surface chemical state by XRD, EDS, XPS, TEM and UV‐vis, it is found that Under visible light exposure (λ=420 nm), when the ratio of NiS is 11 %, the sample got the highest hydrogen yield (3280 μmol ⋅ g−1 ⋅ h−1), which is 2.8 times of CdS/Ag2S material, and also showing good cycle stability. The improved catalytic efficiency can be attributed to two points: the introduction of Ag2S provides more electro‐chemical active sites and routes for nano‐materials; the introduction of NiS builds an internal electric field to promote the transmission and separation of optical electrons and holes, and improve aquatic hydrogen capacity.
Dynamic capabilities and governance: An empirical investigation of financial performance of the higher education sector
Authors: Heaton Sohvi , Teece David , Agronin Eugene
Published: July 2022

Research Summary

We postulate that resource allocation decisions consistent with dynamic capabilities can improve financial performance, but that governance moderates the relationship between resource allocation flexibility and financial performance. Using more than a decade of data on US public universities, we find that flexibility has much more impact when matched by lower levels of governance that allow greater expenditure autonomy for university executives and administrators.

Managerial Summary

Organizations are increasingly subject to conflicting demands imposed by their institutional environments. Given the importance of governance arrangements, we apply strategic management concepts to public universities and investigate the effect of external governance arrangements on university performance. We show that universities that reallocate resources more regularly are more likely to run larger budget surpluses. This is far more likely to be true at universities where external governance arrangements allow greater executive discretion.
Gaining Insight into the Electrochemical Interface Dynamics in an Organic Redox Flow Battery with a Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Yu Jia , Shukla Garima , Fornari Rocco Peter , Arcelus Oier , Shodiev Abbos , de Silva Piotr , Franco Alejandro A.
Published: July 2022

Finding low‐cost and nontoxic redox couples for organic redox flow batteries is challenging due to unrevealed reaction mechanisms and side reactions. In this study, a 3D kinetic Monte Carlo model to study the electrode‐anolyte interface of a methyl viologen‐based organic redox flow battery is presented. This model captures various electrode processes, such as ionic displacement and degradation of active materials. The workflow consists of input parameters obtained from density functional theory calculations, a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate the discharging process, and an electric double layer model to account for the electric field distribution near the electrode surface. Galvanostatic discharge is simulated at different anolyte concentrations and input current densities, which demonstrate that the model captured the formation of the electrical double layer due to ionic transport. The simulated electrochemical kinetics (potential, charge density) are found to be in agreement with the Nernst equation and the obtained EDL structure corresponded with published molecular dynamics results. The model's flexibility allows further applications of simulating the behavior of different redox couples and makes it possible to consider other molecular‐scale phenomena. This study paves the way for computational screening of active species by assessing their potential kinetics in electrochemical environments.