bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multistep retrosynthesis combining a disconnection aware triple transformer loop with a route penalty score guided tree search
Authors: Kreutter David , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: September 2023

An efficient transformer-based retrosynthesis model, the triple-transformer loop algorithm (TTLA), is reported and proposes short routes from commercial building blocks for a variety of drugs.
A porphyrin-based molecular cage guided by designed local-electric field is highly selective and efficient
Authors: Siddiqui Shakir Ali , Shaik Sason , Kalita Surajit , Dubey Kshatresh Dutta
Published: September 2023

The present work outlines a general methodology for designing efficient catalytic machineries that can easily be tweaked to meet the demands of the target reactions.
Modulating the folding and binding of peptides using a stimuli-responsive molecular tweezer
Authors: Ko Sooho , Kim Joo-Young , Park Jung Yeon , Jung You-jin , Choi Min-Jae , Jin Kyeong Sik , Kim Yongju , Lim Yong-beom , Jeong Woo-jin
Published: September 2023

This study presents the development of a β-hairpin (tryptophan zipper, Trpzip)-based molecular tweezer (MT) that can control the folding and binding of α-helical peptides.
A unified strategy for the synthesis of aldohexoses by boronate assisted assembly of CH2X2 derived C1-building blocks
Authors: Kirupakaran Sujenth , Arago Glib , Hirschhäuser Christoph
Published: September 2023

The synthesis of aldohexoses from CH2X2 derived C1-building blocks relies on Matteson homologation and strategically applied, boron mediated olefinations. A 25 min video tutorial is available via QR-code or this link: https://youtu.be/vXy5oVavJUU.
Constructing interfacial polarization sites within a honeycomb-like porous structureviaa spatially confined-etching strategy for boosting electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Hou Wenxuan , Wang Baojun , Li Shikuo , Huang Fangzhi , Yang Hengxiu , Zhang Hui
Published: September 2023

Ultra-fine sized Mo2C nanoparticles embedded in a N-doped honeycomb-like porous carbon matrix to construct multiple heterointerfaces.
Enhancing the selective electrochemical conversion of nitrate via π back-donation on Lewis acid sites induced by noble-metal doped CoP
Authors: Gao Yihong , Wang Kunpeng , Li Shikuo , Zhang Hui , Huang Fangzhi
Published: September 2023

Nitrate is a typical Lewis base, while noble-metals have unoccupied d-orbitals that can form Lewis acidic sites. Therefore, Pd/CoP can utilize Lewis acid–base interactions to promote the adsorption and conversion of NO3−.
Patterning edge-like defects and tuning defective areas on the basal plane of ultra-large MoS2 monolayers toward the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Florindo Bianca Rocha , Hasimoto Leonardo H. , de Freitas Nicolli , Candiotto Graziâni , Lima Erika Nascimento , de Lourenço Cláudia , de Araujo Ana B. S. , Ospina Carlos , Bettini Jefferson , Leite Edson R. , Lima Renato S. , Fazzio Adalberto , Capaz Rodrigo B. , Santhiago Murilo
Published: September 2023

Supported and free-standing MoS2 monolayers were patterned using a focused ion beam to tune their electrocatalytic activity toward H2 production. Defects can either be confined near the etched interfaces or spread depending on the applied dose.
Stable perovskite photocathodes for efficient hydrogen evolution in acidic and basic conditions
Authors: Khamgaonkar Saikiran , Chen Qiaoyun , Musselman Kevin , Maheshwari Vivek
Published: September 2023

Catalyst design with polymer additive engineering is used to develop highly efficient and stable perovskite-based photocathodes for hydrogen evolution by water splitting.
Enhanced photoelectrochemical oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone coupled with hydrogen generation via accelerative middle hydroxyl dehydrogenation over a Bi0/Bi3+ interface of a cascade heterostructure
Authors: Feng Xinyan , Feng Xuefan , Zhang Fuqin
Published: September 2023

A unique photoanode composed of spatially ternary WO3/BiVO4/Bi cascade heterostructure with Bi0/Bi3+ interface is constructed and exhibits a high glycerol conversion rate of 379.9 mmol m−2 h−1, DHA selectivity of 60.6% and high stability.
The dynamic therapeutic effect of a targeted photothermal nanovaccine incorporating toll-like receptor 7 agonist enhanced cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Karthikeyan Laxmanan , Rithisa Babu , Vivek Raju
Published: September 2023

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a noninvasive and effective thermal therapeutic approach.
Comprehensive evaluation and advanced modification of polymethylmethacrylate cement in bone tumor treatment
Authors: Chao Bo , Jiao Jianhang , Yang Lili , Wang Yang , Yu Tong , Liu He , Zhang Han , Li Mufeng , Wang Wenjie , Cui Xiangran , Du Shangyu , Wang Zhonghan , Wu Minfei
Published: September 2023

Schematic illustration of the comprehensive evaluation and advanced modification of PMMA cement in bone tumor treatment.
A green catalyst and sensor: band engineering of Bi2Fe4O9-based S-scheme p–n/n homo-heterojunction for detection and degradation of cytotoxic drug
Authors: Deepeka  , Jyoti  , Kaur Paramdeep , Komal  , Bansal Sandeep , Kumar Vinod , Tikoo Kulbhushan , Singhal Sonal
Published: September 2023

Practically viable Bi2Fe4O9-based calcium-packed homo-heterojunction for detection and oxidative removal of pharmaceutical waste; a step towards clean water and zero waste.
In situ preparation of ultrastable and flexible BA2PbBr4 nanocrystal films for X-ray imaging
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Bo , Chen Liang , He Shiyi , Liu Jinliang , Wang Xiang , Zhao Naizhe , Zhou Leidang , Shu Wenyu , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: September 2023

The ultrastable and flexible BA2PbBr4 NC@PMMA film, which was fabricated by using an in situ fabrication method, has achieved X-ray imaging for planar and nonplanar objects with a high spatial resolution of 5.5 lp mm−1.
A thermally etched N-doped porous layered silicon anode for improved cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Bai Bing , Qiu Linlin , Liu Yang , Su Zhiqin , Song Lixin , Du Pingfan
Published: September 2023

A N-doped porous layered silicon anode based on a thermally etched method of metal oxides (Fe) for superior electrochemical performance with 89.6% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 2 A g−1.
Photochromic diarylethene induced fluorescence switching materials constructed by non-covalent interactions
Authors: Li Qing-Feng , Zhang Longlong , Shen Mengdan , Wang Jin-Tao , Jin Lin , Wang Zhenling
Published: September 2023

This review summarizes recent developments of diarylethene-based photochromic fluorescence switches constructed by non-covalent interactions, and the structural design principles of diarylethenes and fluorophores are discussed.
Ultrahigh breakdown strength and discharge energy density of newly designed asymmetric sandwich-structured PVDF-based nanocomposite film
Authors: Zhang Yongjing , Ma Yanlong , Lin Ying , Yuan Qibin , Yang Haibo
Published: September 2023

Newly designed asymmetric sandwich-structured PVDF-based nanocomposite film achieved an outstanding Ue of 22.72 J cm−3 at an extremely high Eb of 720 MV m−1.
Size-dependent charging of dust particles in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Balduin T. , Woitke P. , Jørgensen U. G. , Thi W.-F. , Narita Y.
Published: September 2023

Context.Lightning can have a profound impact on the chemistry of planetary atmospheres. In a similar manner, as protoplanetary disks are the foundation of planet formation, the emergence of lightning in protoplanetary disks can substantially alter their chemistry.

Aims.We aim to study under which conditions lightning could emerge within protoplanetary disks.

Methods.We employed the PRODIMOcode to make 2D thermo-chemical models of protoplanetary disks. We included a new way of how the code handles dust grains, which allows the consideration of dust grains of different sizes. We investigated the chemical composition, dust charging behavior, and charge balance of these models to determine which regions could be most sufficient for lightning.

Results.We identify six regions within the disks where the charge balance is dominated by different radiation processes and find that the emergence of lightning is most probable in the lower and warmer regions of the midplane. This is due to the low electron abundance (nе/n〈H〉< 10−15) in these regions and dust grains being the most abundant negative charge carriers (nZ/n〈H〉> 10−13). We find that NH4+is the most abundant positive charge carrier in those regions at the same abundances as the dust grains. We developed a method of inducing electric fields via turbulence within this mix of dust grains and NH4+. The electric fields generated with this mechanism are however several orders of magnitude weaker than required to overcome the critical electric field.
Development of the cultivated mushroom market from the standpoint of time series sustainability
Authors: Nabokikh Alexey , Ryattel Alexandra
Published: September 2023

The article deals with the issues of sustainable development of the world market of cultivated mushrooms. The authors of the article have studied the time series of the world gross value, world volumes of imports and exports, the world price index for cultivated mushrooms and truffles in order to analyze their growth and dynamics. The results of calculations carried out using the statistical database of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations from 1961 to 2022 showed that the indicated time series are non-stationary. The gross value of mushroom production increased 70 times during the study period, the volume of imports increased 98 times, the volume of exports increased 93 times, and the producer price index doubled. The price index for cultivated mushrooms and truffles is stable without sharp fluctuations. The authors reveled shifts in a series of world gross value of mushroom production in 2000, 2009, 2011. Additive emissions, level shifts and temporary changes were found in the dynamics of world imports and exports.
Statistical analysis of the integration of additive and information technologies for the artificial cultivation of plant cells
Authors: Bogodukhova Ekaterina , Britvina Valentina , Konyukhov Vladimir , Semenov Alexander , Niyazbekova Shakizada , Mottaeva Asiiat
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the prospects for the development of biopreparations as a leading direction for tissue regeneration by integrating several advanced technologies. A statistical analysis of data on the current state of plant production in the world was made, the change in the rate of destruction of organic matter with a decrease in species diversity was demonstrated. A study aimed at identifying the main tissues of isolated cells in bioprinting was also carried out, which was taken as a basis for developing an extruder for layer-by-layer cultivation of biotissues, the main technical characteristics of which are also presented in the materials of this work. Presented data confirming the practical relevance of additive technologies for the development of crop production and bioengineering are aimed at stabilizing climate change. The article is supplied with graphical materials and tables, as well as a detailed description of each stage of the research.
Study of the wear process of technological surfaces of saw gin grates
Authors: Safoyev Abdukhalil , Abdugaffarov Khusniddin , Butovskiy Petr , Atajanov Akbar
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the results of the theoretical studies of the process of wear of the technological surfaces of saw gin grates. Mathematical expressions are obtained, with the help of which it is possible to determine the theoretical statistical characteristics of the raw roller and it is indicated that the wear of the grate, in the process of operation from the impact of the raw roller, occurs as a result of the abrasive deposited on it. A rod model of the process of interaction between a raw roller and a grate has also been studied, on the basis of which it is possible to determine the depth of abrasive penetration in the contact surface of the working zone of the grate. The possibility of reducing the wear of grates by increasing the area of their technological surfaces and reducing, due to this, the probability of abrasive grains getting into the same place, is substantiated. A grate with a new convex shape of the technological surface is proposed. Calculations have determined that in this case the service life of the grate increases up to 50%.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of non-invasive methods of natural indication of liver pathology in experimental animals
Authors: Karabayev M. K. , Nishonov Yu. N. , Supaeva A. N. , Botirov M. T. , Mamasaidov J. T.
Published: September 2023

By the given sources of literature, the varieties of crystallography of biological liquids are presented. Application of the given methods for diagnostics of diseases in different spheres of medicine is described. High sensibility of crystallographic methods on determining disease severity is shown.
Prospects of modernization of cattle breeding processes
Authors: Dosmukhamedova Mukhayo , Mamatkulov Olimjon
Published: September 2023

The development of livestock in industrialized nations has shown that when breeding activity is well-organized, it is feasible to enhance breeds and quickly boost output. Famous breeds including the Holstein, Swiss, Simmental, Hereford, Brangus, Charolais, Kian, and many other dairy and meat breeds came into being. In the article In the republican breeding system, improvement of breeding methods, such as evaluation and selection and sorting of cattle according to selection marks, introduction of advanced technologies in the care of young cattle and breeding of cows, formation of farms of the type of breeding factory and breeding farms, closed areas in solving the problems of the feed base problems such as bringing to at least 0.6 and 1 hectare, introducing a 6-field short rotation cropping system and increasing productivity to 8-9 thousand units of feed, providing breeding cattle with concentrated feed in moderation, wide introduction of artificial insemination and wide use of breeding bulls and factors are highlighted.
Organizational and economic mechanisms of regulating land relations in agriculture
Authors: Babajanov Allabergan , Islomov Utkir , Umarov Sukhrob , Abdiramanov Rashid , Inoyatova Manzura
Published: September 2023

In the article, using analytical analysis, scientific observation and synthesis methods, the organizational and economic mechanisms of the regulation of land relations in the country’s agriculture based on market requirements, including the regulation of annual land balances (reports) for agricultural districts, are aimed at ensuring the accuracy of land quantitative calculations. practical proposals for improving the existing methodology for land surveying are given; developed recommendations for making adjustments based on existing approaches to determining tax rates and rents charged on agricultural land; introduction of economic incentives or, on the contrary, fines, which allow to achieve rational and efficient use of irrigated agricultural land, in which the soil fertility index serves as the main unit of measurement in a well-founded manner.
Register of stroke in the desert-steppe zones of Uzbekistan
Authors: Kilichev I.A. , Matyokubov M.O. , Adambaev Z.I. , Khudayberganov N.Yu. , Mirzaeva N.S.
Published: September 2023

Purpose of the study: to conduct a register of stroke in the desert-steppe zones of Uzbekistan on the example of the Khorezm region and to identify the influence of a complex of weather-climatic factors on the course and outcomes of cerebral strokes. To determine the prognosis of cerebral strokes in the near future, a “Register of cerebral strokes” was conducted in the desert-steppe zones of Uzbekistan – using the example of the Khorezm region for 2019. The conducted register of strokes in 2019 in the desert-steppe zones of Uzbekistan revealed 3569 cases of stroke, of which 1967 (55.1%) in men and 1602 (44.9%) in women. The population aged 20 years and older was 1,150,135 people, of which 565,722 men (49.2%) and 584,413 women (50.8%). The mean age of patients with stroke was 63.85±0.2 years, in men - 62.9±0.3 years, in women - 65.1±0.3 years. The incidence of cerebral strokes corresponded to 194.43 cases per 100,000 population. The incidence of cerebral strokes at the age of 20 and older was 310.32 cases per 100,000 populationThe main risk factors for stroke are: arterial hypertension (62.3%), atherosclerosis (19.5%), coronary heart disease (7.5%), diabetes mellitus (3.8%). Seasonality of strokes in the region - ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes prevailed in winter (28.1% and 29.7%) and spring (31.7% and 25.0%) months, respectively. Subarachnoid hemorrhages prevailed in summer (36.8%) months. In winter and spring, the “spastic” type of heart is a provoking meteorological risk factor for the development of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. In summer - “hypoxic”, and in autumn - “unstable weather with the transition from indifferent to” spastic “weather types are provoking meteorological factors for the development of subarachnoid hemorrhages.
Tactics of surgical treatment in necrotising enterocolitis stage II-B in newborn
Authors: Vakhidov Alisher , Mamarasulova Dilfuzahon , Khaitov Akmal
Published: September 2023

An analysis was made of the results of surgical treatment of 18 newborns with a diagnosis of stage II-B NEC, admitted in the period from 2018 to 2022. The aim of the work: to analyze the results of surgical treatment for stage II-B necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns using modern technologies. A total of 18 diagnostic laparoscopies (DL) were performed, of which 4 cases were converted - laparotomy. In 14 patients cases, DL was completed by therapeutic laparoscopy using minilaparotomy with video-assessment, including 8 patients, resection of the necrotic portion of the intestine was performed with end-to-end anastomosis. In 6 cases, an intestinal stoma was applied through a minilaparotomy.In comparison, after laparoscopic operations with video assessment, mortality was observed of cases 1 patient out of 14, after traditional surgical interventions, mortality was in 25% of cases 1 patient out of 4. Based on the results of DL at the surgical stage of NEC, it is possible to build further tactics of radical surgical treatment, the possibility of transforming it into a therapeutic one minimizes intraoperative trauma, which positively affects the postoperative survival of patients.
Changes in the brain of the fetus during the screening study
Authors: Mirsharopov Utkur , Nuryogdiyeva Mushtariy , Akhmedova Sayora , Nisanbayeva Aziza
Published: September 2023

In 160 fetuses the width of the transparent septum, lateral ventricles and IV ventricle prenatally during ultrasound examination were studied. Pregnant women were divided into two groups, the main group consisted of pregnant women in a state of hypothyroidism, the control group included women with uncomplicated pregnancy. The analysis of our data showed that in hypothyroid pregnant women there is an expansion of the cavity of the transparent septum, lateral ventricles and the anteroposterior size of the IV ventricle compared with the control group.
Variability of the pharmacological response in children with different ADRB2 gene polymorphisms in recurrent bronchial obstruction and bronchial asthma
Authors: Zakirova U.I. , Israilova N.A. , Karimova U.N. , Yusupova G.A. , Gaziyeva A.S.
Published: September 2023

To date, methods of studying the effects of drugs at the molecular-genetic level are widely used in pediatric practice. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the effect of β2-agonists on the clinical course of recurrent bronchial obstruction (RBO) in children, depending on the variants of polymorphism of the ADRB2 gene. The effectiveness of salbutamol in children with RBO and bronchial asthma(BA) was evaluated depending on the distribution of alleles and genotypes of the ADRB2 Argl6Gly and Gln27Glu genes according to the degree of reversibility of bronchial obstruction. In the group of children with RBO carriers of the heterozygous A/G genotype of the Arg16Gly locus and the Gln27Glu locus of the ADRB2 gene, high efficacy of salbutamol therapy as a bronchodilator was noted. At the same time, in children with RBO representatives of the G/G genotype, the effectiveness of using the drug is low. In children with BA, the change in functional activity is associated with the polymorphism of the Gln27Glu gene locus and is associated with a low therapeutic response to β2–agonists in children with the G\G mutational genotype and a good effect in carriers of the homozygous variant with the A/A genotype. Knowledge of the genotype of polymorphic variants of the ADRB2 gene will make it possible to evaluate one of the factors of predisposition and effectiveness of therapy in the recurrent course of bronchial obstruction syndrome and bronchial asthma.
Thyroid status of the organism against the background of induction of the liver monooxygenase system
Authors: Rasulova M. T.
Published: September 2023

Zixor induction occurred only with an increase in the amount of free T3. Free T4 levels even tended to decline. At the same time, the same trend was observed in the amount of TTG. Our research shows that there is a relationship between the functional status of the liver monooxygenase system and the amount of thyroid hormones in the body. However, the question of the degree of closeness of this connection, that is, whether this connection is direct or indirect, remains open. So far, studies show that the high activity of the monooxygenase enzyme system of the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes is accompanied by high levels of thyroid hormones - triiodothyronine and thyroxine
The theoretical and experimental basis for calculating and justifying the parameters and regimes of the working areas of the cleaning zone of fibrous materials
Authors: Daliyeva Sh. , Ibragimjonov B.
Published: September 2023

In the article, there is the scheme and principle of the work of the cotton cleaner from small litter includes a composite pin drum with elastic elements and a vibrating mesh surface on elastic hinges. Theoretically, the torsional-vibrational motion of a two-mass system of a composite shoe drum has been studied, and the regularities of the dependence of changes in the parameters of the pin drum have been obtained. Based on the approximate analytical solution of the integro-differential equation, the law of angular vibrations of the net surface on the elastic supports of the cotton cleaner is studied. Experimental studies revealed regularities of loading and a change in the speed of rotation of the drum. The results of the full-factor experimental studies of the sample of the composite fluke drum are given. Based on the study of each of the three factors on the changes in the cleansing effect of cotton, the graphical dependencies of the parameters are postrene. The best values of the factors at which a high purifying effect of cotton from small weeds are achieved are recommended. Production tests revealed that the cleaning effect in comparison with the existing version of the drum spindle in the recommended increases by an average of 2.7%.
Social and pedagogical foundations of effective adaptation of students to an educational institution
Authors: Rasulova Nilufar , Nazarova Salima , Asadova Gulnara , Otashexov Zokirjon , Mirdadayeva Dilfuza , Yigitalieva Ruhshona
Published: September 2023

In this context, the higher educational institution of the students provides the basis for the training of competitive specialists in accordance with modern requirements by increasing the content and effectiveness of education on the basis of adaptation to the educational process and improvement of organizational pedagogical conditions. From this point of view, improvement of organizational pedagogical conditions of adaptation of students to the educational process on the basis of modern approaches is carried out.
Problems of national traditions and gender equality in the family
Authors: Egamberdieva T.A.
Published: September 2023

The article reveals the problems of customs and gender issues in new Uzbekistan families and ways to solve them, and solutions are shown. Articles from the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Family Code are indicated. Problems in the family were statistically analyzed.
Technique for creating non-standard color solutions: influence on emotional and aesthetic perception
Authors: Voronkova Olesya
Published: September 2023

The color scheme in the photo plays an important role in emotional perception and esthetic assessment of images. In this scientific article the technique of creation of non-standard color schemes is presented to photos and their influence on emotional perception and esthetic assessment of the viewer. Various theories of color perception and psychology of color and also methods of the analysis of color schemes in the photo are considered. The main attention is paid to a communication research between colors and emotional reactions and also to influence of color combinations on esthetic assessment of photos. This technique and a research will help photographers and designers to create the new non-standard, but harmonious and emotionally filled color schemes in the works.
Humorous phraseologisms - as a tool offunny assessment of real events (in French material)
Authors: Ashurov Shahobiddin , Suvonova Nigorabonu
Published: September 2023

This article discusses humorous phraseological units, which make up a large part of the French phraseological fund, and the level of their study by phraseologists in the field of linguistics, as well as the structural and semantic features of humorous expressions that can be studied from a scientific and practical point of view. At the same time, they analyze the semantic asymmetry of lexical actualizers in the process of humorous expression of real events, particularly the forms of expression of funny proverbs and phrases within the framework of individual specific topics.
RETRACTED: Study of the effect of permafrost on water transparency in lakes located in the Arctic regions
Authors: Shvetsov Alexey
Published: September 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 420, 00001 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342000001
RETRACTED: Analysis of the efficiency of modern information technologies in e-learning and the use of interactive methods
Authors: Sigal Anatoliy , Bakumenko Maria , Titarenko Dmitriy
Published: September 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 420, 00001 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342000001
RETRACTED: Bamboo cellulose based single cell protein and nanocellulose by dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis and fermentation
Authors: Ngoc Ho Khac , Rakhmatullina A.P. , Dien Le Quang , Chung Nguyen Hoang , Dung Ha Thi , Trang Tran Y. Doan
Published: September 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 420, 00001 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342000001
RETRACTED: Biological resources of Lake Kroshnozero (North-West of Russia)
Authors: Syarki Maria , Sidorova Anastasia , Georgiev Andrey , Slastina Julia
Published: September 2023

See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 420, 00001 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342000001
Der Teufelskreis zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Substanzgebrauchsstörungen
Authors: Nolte-Troha Carina , Neumann Stefanie , Franke Andreas G.
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund Die Beziehung zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Erkrankungen findet in der Wissenschaft zwar Beachtung, der Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Substanzgebrauchsstörungen aber weit weniger.

Methoden Eine systematische Literaturanalyse zu den Begriffen „unemployment”, „substance use”, „drugs”, „alcohol”, „nicotine” und „tobacco” wurde durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Es gibt einen signifikanten Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Substanzgebrauchsstörungen, wobei unstrittig ist, dass Substanzgebrauchsstörungen die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Arbeitslosigkeit signifikant erhöhen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass aber Arbeitslosigkeit wiederum zu Substanzgebrauchsstörungen führt, ist in der Studienlage multifaktoriell und weniger klar. Studien zur Beziehung zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Konsumrückfallgefahr sowie Arbeitslosigkeit und dem Beenden des Substanzkonsums sind zudem uneindeutig. Auch lässt sich die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang zwischen Wirtschaftszyklen und Substanzkonsumstörungen nicht eindeutig beantworten.

Konklusion Arbeitslosigkeit und Substanzgebrauchsstörungen sind mehr oder weniger deutlich miteinander assoziiert. Beide führen meist zu (weiteren) körperlichen und psychischen Störungen sowie insbesondere zu psychosozialen Schwierigkeiten und einer Prekarisierung von Lebensumständen.

Klinische Relevanz Es gilt ärztlicherseits Substanzgebrauchsstörungen frühzeitig zu erkennen und auf ein Sistieren des Substanzkonsums hinzuwirken, um negative Konsequenzen und insbesondere Arbeitslosigkeit zu verhindern.
Pilotstudie zur Anwendbarkeit einer kognitiv-behavioralen
Gruppenintervention für internalisiertes Stigma bei Menschen mit
Adipositas
Authors: Hochrein Regine , Luck-Sikorski Claudia , Weinberger Natascha-Alexandra , Jung Franziska Ulrike , Kratzsch Jürgen , Bae Yoon Ju , Ceglarek Uta , Gaudl Alexander , Hilbert Anja
Published: September 2023

Ziel der Studie Bisherige Interventionen zur Reduzierung
gesellschaftlicher Gewichtsdiskriminierung haben wenig Erfolg gezeigt; die
Arbeit mit Betroffenen wird zunehmend fokussiert.

Methode Pilotierung einer Intervention zur Reduktion des internalisierten
gewichtsbedingten Stigmas mit sechs wöchentlichen Gruppensitzungen
(N=14 Teilnehmer*innen) zu zwei Messzeitpunkten mit
den Endpunkten Stigmatisierung, Diskriminierung, depressive Symptome,
Essverhalten, Stresssituationen, Haarcortisolanalyse und
Bewältigungsstrategien.

Ergebnisse Hohe Reduktion der depressiven Symptomatik, hohe allgemeine
Zufriedenheit, geringe Auswirkungen auf die Wahrnehmung von Diskriminierung und
kleine Veränderungen im Haarcortisol. Besonders effektiv bei
Teilnehmer*innen mit erhöhter Stigma Internalisierung.

Schlussfolgerung Intervention zeigte eine Tendenz besonders effektiv bei
Teilnehmer*innen mit einem hohen Grad an Internalisierung zu sein. Eine
Etablierung von verhaltensbezogenen Interventionen zur Gewichtsabnahme kann
vielversprechend sein.
Effekte einer Therapie mit Liraglutid bei Jugendlichen mit extremer
Adipositas unter Real-Life-Bedingungen
Authors: Schirmer Melanie , Brandt Stephanie , Zorn Stefanie , Wabitsch Martin
Published: September 2023

Bisher zur Verfügung stehende Maßnahmen zur Reduktion und
Stabilisierung des Körpergewichts bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit
Adipositas und extremer Adipositas beschränkten sich auf Interventionen
durch eine Lebensstilmodifikation, die jedoch häufig nicht in einer
langfristigen und klinisch relevanten Gewichtsreduktion resultieren.
Metabolisch-chirurgische Operationen werden zunehmend auch im jugendlichen Alter
durchgeführt mit der größten Effektivität
hinsichtlich einer Reduktion des Körpergewichts, stellen jedoch aufgrund
der perioperativen Risiken und der langfristigen Konsequenzen nur im Einzelfall
die Therapie der Wahl dar.

Mit dem GLP-1-Agonisten Liraglutid steht nun erstmals in Europa eine
medikamentöse Therapie zur Gewichtsreduktion bei Jugendlichen mit
Adipositas ab 12 Jahren zur Verfügung. In einer klinischen Studie konnte
gezeigt werden, dass die Gabe von Liraglutid 3,0 mg über 52
Wochen, in Kombination mit einer begleitenden Lebensstil-modifizierenden
Intervention, bei Jugendlichen zu einer durchschnittlichen BMI-Reduktion von
4,6% führte 1. Jedoch gibt
es bislang kaum Erfahrungsberichte über den Effekt der
Liraglutid-Therapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen>12 Jahren in der
Praxis, unter Real-Life Bedingungen. Wir berichten nachfolgend über
Erfahrungen aus der Praxis hinsichtlich der Anwendung von Liraglutid (maximale
Dosis 3,0 mg) bis zu 9 Monaten bei n=8 Jugendlichen mit extremer
Adipositas, die in der Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und
Jugendmedizin Ulm behandelt werden, bezogen auf das Körpergewicht, den
BMI sowie die Angabe über berichtete Nebenwirkungen.
Kann KI Parkinson?
Authors: Fietzek Urban M. , Messner Moritz , Levin Johannes
Published: September 2023

Die Zunahme mobilitätseinschränkender Erkrankungen wie Morbus Parkinson führt zu einer zunehmend stärkeren Belastung der Gesundheits- und Pflegesysteme. Fortschritte in der Mikroelektronik und der digitalen Datenverarbeitung ermöglichen im Sport- und Freizeitbereich seit geraumer Zeit die nicht invasive und ungestörte Erfassung von Bewegungsdaten über lange Zeiträume. Im medizinischen Bereich für die Bewegungsstörungen verspricht diese Technologie, sowohl die Forschungsansätze als auch die klinische Versorgung zu verbessern. Eine kontinuierliche Überwachung von Symptomen könnte das Erkennen von Parkinsonsymptomen an sich ermöglichen, ein Therapieansprechen detektieren oder die Indikation für Interventionen oder eine Therapieeskalation durch eine objektive Datengrundlage unterstützen.

Konkret stellt sich uns in diesem Beitrag die Frage, auf welchem Stand wir uns bei der Beschreibung von dopasensitiven Parkinsonsymptomen mit Sensoren befinden. Dabei werden wir nicht nur die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten, sondern auch die Herausforderungen diskutieren, die sich mit dieser neuen Technologie ergeben und die eine breitere Anwendung bislang verhindert haben. Wir beenden unseren Beitrag mit einem Ausblick, der Empfehlungen zur Überwindung dieser Herausforderungen gibt.
Präzisionspsychiatrie in der klinischen Praxis am Beispiel von Transition und psychosozialer Funktionsbeeinträchtigung in klinischen Hochrisikopatienten für Psychose
Authors: Hahn Lisa , Eberle Christopher , Koutsouleris Nikolaos
Published: September 2023

Der Ansatz der Präzisionspsychiatrie versucht durch therapeutische Maßnahmen, die auf die individuellen Bedürfnisse zu behandelnder Personen zugeschnitten sind, psychiatrische Erkrankungen zu verhindern oder deren Krankheitsverläufe abzumildern, wodurch sich die klinische Versorgungslandschaft nachhaltig verbessern ließe. Durch Mustererkennung und -vorhersage soll die Künstliche Intelligenz bei der Verarbeitung komplexer klinischer Daten gewinnbringend eingesetzt werden. Durch die zunehmende Verfügbarkeit großer klinischer Datensätze über die vergangene Dekade, konnten beispielsweise im Forschungsbereich psychotischer Erkrankungen vermehrt computergestützte Modelle zur Verbesserung der Diagnostik, einschließlich einer individuellen Risikoeinschätzung, herausgearbeitet werden. So könnten zielgerichtete Präventionen und Interventionen zeitlich deutlich vorverlagert werden.

Vorhergehende Studien zeigten, dass junge (d. h. unter 32 Jahren) Depressionspatienten eine beschleunigte Hirnalterung vorweisen, die Schizophreniepatienten neuroanatomisch ähnelt. Innerhalb der Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) Studie wurden mithilfe von den dort erhobenen klinischen, neurokognitiven, genomischen und neurobildgebenden Daten Klassifikatoren entwickelt, um das Transitionsrisiko zu Psychose und die psychosoziale Funktionsbeeinträchtigung in klinischen Hochrisikopatienten für Psychose und bei Patienten mit kürzlich aufgetretener Depression vorherzusagen. Vielmehr wurden kybernetische Klassifikatoren entwickelt, die neben Modellen mit verschiedenen Datenmodalitäten (d. h. klinisch-neurokognitiv, genomisch, bildgebend) die Vorhersage der Kliniker einschließen. Diese Metaklassifikatoren, die alle algorithmischen Modelle und die klinische Vorhersage einschlossen, waren sowohl den rein algorithmischen als auch den rein klinischen Prognosen überlegen. Dabei ist eine sequenzielle Integration des kybernetischen Modells in die klinische Praxis realistischer als eine umfassende multimodale Biomarkererfassung. Zurzeit wird mithilfe der multizentrischen Studie CARE die Anwendbarkeit des Metaklassifikators in die klinische Praxis evaluiert.
Pregnancy-Associated Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Case Report with MCP Gene Mutation and Successful Eculizumab Treatment
Authors: Domínguez-Vargas Alex , Ariño Fanny , Silva Diana , González-Tórres Henry J. , Aroca-Martinez Gustavo , Egea Eduardo , Musso Carlos G.
Published: September 2023

Pregnancy-associated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (P-aHUS) is a rare condition characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and kidney injury from thrombotic microangiopathy. P-aHUS occurs in approximately 1 in 25,000 pregnancies and is strongly related to complement dysregulation and pregnancy-related disorders, such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet (HELLP) syndrome, resulting in adverse perinatal and fetal outcomes. Complement dysregulation in P-aHUS is commonly attributed to genetic mutations or autoantibodies affecting complement factors, including CFH, CFI, and MCP. We present a case of a 25-year-old primigravida who experienced severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome followed by the development of complicated P-aHUS during the early postpartum period. The patient exhibited severe clinical manifestations, including hypertensive emergency, central nervous system involvement, renal impairment, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Timely initiation of eculizumab therapy resulted in successful disease remission. Further genetic analysis revealed a likely rare pathogenic MCP gene variant.
Nanographenes Out of Planarity
Authors: Campaña Araceli G. , Cruz Carlos M.
Published: September 2023

The combination of different distortion motifs in nanographenes and polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons has been the focus of significant attention during the last decade. The continual discovery of multiple carbon allotropes has fueled the field. A plethora of research groups around the globe are engaged in developing methods for the preparation of discrete graphene or fullerene fragments and new carbon allotropes. The goal is to fully understand the structure–property relationships in these systems. Herein, we present our journey and contributions to the field, from the development of a synthetic methodology towards functionalized heptagon-containing hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes through the preparation of saddle-helix hybrid nanographenes, the study of heptagon-containing cumulenic and open-shell systems, nanographenes embedded with higher order carbocycles, and the study of their electronic properties on-surface and by single-molecule conductance.

1 Introduction

2 The Finding of a Cornerstone Scaffold

3 Saddle-Helix Hybrid Nanographenes

4 Cumulenic and Diradicaloid Systems

5 Supramolecular Studies

6 Octagon- and Nonagon-Embedded Nanographenes

7 Molecular Electronics and On-Surface Studies

8 Outlook
Cold snare polypectomy for duodenal adenomas in familial adenomatous polyposis: a prospective international cohort study
Authors: Aelvoet Arthur S. , Karstensen John G. , Bastiaansen Barbara A.J. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Balaguer Francesc , Kaminski Michal , Hompes Roel , Bossuyt Patrick M.M. , Ricciardiello Luigi , Latchford Andrew , Jover Rodrigo , Daca-Alvarez Maria , Pellisé Maria , Dekker Evelien ,   European FAP Consortium
Published: September 2023

Background and study aims In patients with familial adenomatous
polyposis (FAP), endoscopic resection of duodenal adenomas is commonly performed to prevent
cancer and prevent or defer duodenal surgery. However, based on studies using different
resection techniques, adverse events (AEs) of polypectomy in the duodenum can be significant.
We hypothesized that cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is a safe technique for duodenal adenomas in
FAP and evaluated its outcomes in our centers.

Patients and methods We performed a prospective international
cohort study including FAP patients who underwent CSP for one or more superficial
non-ampullary duodenal adenomas of any size between 2020 and 2022. At that time, this
technique was common practice in our centers for superficial duodenal adenomas. The primary
outcome was the occurrence of intraprocedural and post-procedural AEs.

ResultsIn total, 133 CSPs were performed in 39 patients with FAP
(1–18 per session). Median adenoma size was 10 mm (interquartile range 8–15 mm), ranging from
5 to 40 mm; 27 adenomas were ≥20 mm (20%). Of the 133 polypectomies, 109 (82%) were performed
after submucosal injection. Sixty-one adenomas (46%) were resected en bloc and 72 (54%)
piecemeal. Macroscopic radical resection was achieved for 129 polypectomies (97%). Deep mural
injury type II occurred in three polyps (2%) with no delayed perforation after prophylactic
clipping. There were no clinically significant bleeds, perforations or other post-procedural
AEs. Histopathology showed low-grade dysplasia in all 133 adenomas.

Conclusions CSP for (multiple) superficial non-ampullary duodenal
adenomas in FAP seems feasible and safe. Long-term prospective research is needed to evaluate
whether protocolized duodenal polypectomies prevent cancer and surgery.
Planung und Durchführung von Big-Data-gestützten Studien in der Augenheilkunde im Lichte der DSGVO
Authors: Siebelmann Benedikt , Grass Guido , Matthaei Mario , Cursiefen Claus , Gerhardt Till , Koeberlein-Neu Juliane , Siebelmann Sebastian
Published: September 2023

Die Verarbeitung des retrospektiven Datenpools für die Augenheilkunde birgt enormes Potenzial, insbesondere für den Forschungsbereich. „Big Data“ ermöglicht es der medizinischen Wissenschaft, aus vergangenheitsbezogenen Daten Schlüsse für die Zukunft zu ziehen. Auf Grundlage der Auswertung solcher Daten ließen sich etwa Algorithmen trainieren, die in der Lage wären, mithilfe künstlicher Intelligenz Entscheidungen zu treffen. So könnte bspw. der ärztliche Entscheidungsfindungsprozess für gewisse Fragestellungen beschleunigt, in qualitativer und quantitativer Hinsicht bereichert oder gar übernommen werden. Die Augenheilkunde ist ein Fachgebiet, das sich rapide weiterentwickelt. Aufgrund der Vielzahl an teils automatisierten Bildgebungstechnologien und der prädestinierten Zugänglichkeit des Auges dafür, eignet sich die Augenheilkunde ähnlich wie die Radiologie oder Dermatologie für die von künstlicher Intelligenz assistierte Bilddatenanalyse und damit oft einhergehende
Diagnosestellung und Therapieeinleitung. Es existieren inzwischen viele Studien, die sich auf die KI-assistierte Bilddatenanalyse von ophthalmologischen Bilddaten stützen. Soweit die Algorithmen durch Rechenregeln aus den Datenmengen der jeweiligen Datenpools Ergebnisse herausfiltern und sogar dazu fähig sind, auf der Basis von Entscheidungsbäumen eigenständig Entscheidungen zu treffen, liegt der enorme Nutzen und gleichsam der Gewinn für die wissenschaftliche Forschung auf der Hand. Entsprechend wäre eine möglichst ungehinderte und umfassende Möglichkeit entsprechender Datenverarbeitungen dieser Gesundheitsdaten für die augenheilkundliche Forschung wünschenswert. An das nur auszugsweise dargestellte Potenzial für die Augenheilkunde schließt sich die Frage nach der praktischen Umsetzbarkeit an. Dabei sind insbesondere die rechtlichen Maßgaben und Grenzen des europäischen und nationalen Datenschutzrechts zu berücksichtigen, die vor einer unreflektierten Verarbeitung
personenbezogener (Gesundheits-)Daten umzusetzen sind. Nur so können vorhandene Hürden und Fallstricke, die zu empfindlichen Bußgeldern führen können, ausgeräumt werden. Ausschlaggebend sind bislang insbesondere die Maßgaben zweier Gesetzestexte: Die Datenschutzgrundverordnung (DSGVO) sowie das Bundesdatenschutzgesetz (BDSG). Der Artikel liefert einen Überblick über die einschlägigen gesetzlichen Vorgaben, die es im Bereich der Augenheilkunde gibt, und zeigt die wesentlichen Fallstricke und Umsetzungserfordernisse auf.
Acute Nonvariceal Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Comprehensive Review and Approach for an Interventional Radiologist
Authors: Mittal Alok Kumar , Hadidi Aymen Al , Salam Basit , Raniga Sameer Bhimji , Taranikanti Varna
Published: September 2023

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is one of the most common leading life-threatening conditions requiring prompt diagnosis and rapid endoscopic and interventional radiology (IR) management. Endoscopy is the first line of management for upper GIB, while it has a limited role in lower GIB, especially in acute clinical settings, due to poor bowel preparation. Patients with failed and refractory endoscopic management necessitate emergent computed tomography angiography (CTA) evaluation. CTA is crucial in assessing underlying causes and planning transarterial embolization (TAE). It has been almost three decades since IR gained popularity by virtue of increased technical experience, availability of sophisticated hardware, and evolving techniques. Newer embolization agents and catheters, as well as the established role of CTA, have expanded and enhanced the role of IR in the management of GIB. TAE has been proven to be a safe, rapid, effective, and minimally invasive procedure alternative to surgery when endoscopic management fails to control GIB. We present a comprehensive approach for managing nonvariceal GIB, including CTA protocol, anatomical variants, visceral to visceral collateral pathways, and specific embolization techniques. This article will help readers get an insight into TAE that will help better management of patients with GIB.
Femoral Vein Intravascular Synovial Sarcoma Mimicking Primary Deep Vein Thrombosis—A Rare Cause of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Jayakrishanan R. , Valakkada Jineesh , Ayyappan Anoop , Poyuran Rajalakshmi , Pitchai Shivanesan
Published: September 2023

Synovial sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal soft tissue tumors. We presented the case of a 53-year-old woman patient presenting with acute deep vein thrombosis, later diagnosed as a deep synovial sarcoma of the femoral vein wall. The tumor was identified through cross-sectional magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography, followed by ultrasound-guided core biopsy. The case report emphasized the importance of considering the possibility of an intravascular neoplasm mimicking thrombus, particularly if calcifications, vein expansion with intravascular cystic spaces, fluid–fluid levels, and septations within a thrombosed vein are seen in imaging.
Similarity-based scaling networks for capacitive radio frequency discharge plasmas
Authors: Wang Huihui , Yang Dong , Zheng Bocong , Verboncoeur John P. , Fu Yangyang
Published: September 2023

We demonstrate similarity-based scaling networks for capacitive radio frequency (RF) plasmas, which extensively correlate discharge characteristics under varied conditions, incorporating the transition from original to similarity states. Based on fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, similar RF discharges in argon are demonstrated with three external control parameters (gas pressure, gap distance, and driving frequency) simultaneously tuned. A complete set of scaling pathways regarding fundamental discharge parameters is obtained, from which each plasma state finds its neighboring node with only one control parameter tuned. The results from this study provide a promising strategy for plasma multi-parameter mapping, enabling effective cross-comparisons, prediction, and manipulation of RF discharge plasmas.
The STRONG2020 and Radio MonteCarLow activities
Authors: Cotrozzi L.
Published: September 2023

For over 15 years, the “Radiative Corrections and Monte Carlo Generators for Low
Energies” Working Group (Radio MonteCarLow WG) has been providing valuable support to the
development of radiative corrections and Monte Carlo generators for low energy positron-electron
data and tau-lepton decays. The Radio MonteCarLow WG held 20 meetings in which theorists and
experimentalists, experts working in the field of positron-electron physics and partly also from
the tau community, produced the higlhy-cited report “Quest for precision in hadronic cross
sections at low energy: Monte Carlo tools vs. experimental data”. Recently, parts of the
program have been included as a Joint Research Initiative in the group application of the European
hadron physics community, STRONG2020, to the European Union. A specific goal of the working group
is to create the annotated “PrecisionSM database” for low-energy hadronic cross sections in
positron-electron collisions. The database will contain information about the reliability of the
data sets, their systematic errors, and the treatment of Radiative Corrections. This proceeding
reviews the results published by the Radio MonteCarLow WG and describes the status of the
PrecisionSM database.